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ǵų衷ߣ
İ
ϵΨһһݱָߵˣֻƽزǱΪɹƭӣɰһʯɽǸŭԡ
⵽˱Ӧ
尵㣬ӴԵߵԿأΪɽȡҩ󵤣׽ʱ/ٿһեɼֵ󣬷⣬ʧ
ʱݣ估ԼԲΪһʱ󣬴󳹴򣬶û˵ת˻ʯҿɽ
ɷɽ縺ʢʦ󶯸λ𣺡̫
̰ܵأ˸ƭ㡣
ǰյͽܶս񣬴ԨͷϻΪ˵
ûüοĿɽ˯粻۾˹
С糡
ʱĺ˻ǰϹԵΨȱǶ
ȺѽЩġ¼˵пĹļ磬ôչس˯˲ٿ࣬ʱǵúúȰοһ
ĮȻƳԼ壬һ㿴
һϱ˵۾



1  1 
ʮ죬رߡ
ڰ£ңˮһڷɫīڵ˪ף˷أǲɶƵؽһ˪۾ʱΪˮɫŨ·űɫ
ǰϣʥŮĶϣͷ̵βڲĲ֪Ĳιȫ̡
ɽ紫÷з
һ;Լܴؼ֪
ͳѪ츳׿Խ̫ӵһӱκ鱻ͬĸĵճѹģǧҲûʲôͷϣ
ǣʮСŮ̸
һζϹɽ£СŮа취նɽҩ£СŮӴܽ裬ʵڲл͵ûˡ
ϡͿꡣ
ǰЩӣͻȻü˵Լ׼λ
һ˵Ͷˡ
Ϲ֮μõΪɣΪ֮ڣ֮У񴦴ݷ֮ϣλ󣬼ʮҲӹֻ
ȻЩţƺر֪֮ûǧȴҲ֪ͷգһٲ³
һӦȻֹ
ֻˣƽʱԸᣬ˹ؼʱ򣬲Ȱ˭Ȱá
ֻȥ
Ҳˣ˱ϾԼҵġ
ȥѡɣ
ְͬӲͬɣĺ˻ĶӰϹʮг磬õһ
һΪǽɣģºʹݵһĳͬ˵һѵ˵˾䣺Ъİɣǰ׳Ļֵõ
֣ܽ衣
ѲϽ裬Ҳû취
ɣϾͬǷɣᾫڣһֱڴ˵֮еʮǿѡ
Ҫǣ򲻹˵Ӯ͵á
Ȼԭ֪֮˾Ͳˡ
ºճһɧֻΪͷרȥæȥˣֱǰһвͯװĲصȥ˾Ķ硣
֪Լʲô˻̦
ǹû뵽֣ΪϲϾ֣ĿʱΪΡ
ȻļˣȹڷǶöɫİۣׯЦỽһ£һյǽеû
Ȼˡ
һʥŮԡ
ҡҡ񱭣γľҺĶ˻ΡѰʱõǰԼżϣǰף֮ϲͼͯģĲײײļ磬üŪۣһĵǣĪ嶯˴ˣʮܴĿһû
Ī˵ֻһĶ磬ǵ̫Ӵ飬ʮҲֻλ
òָҴͻΧɣ˵գʾ˿Լϸ첲ϸȡ
á
òϺõҺһ޳ʳָĦŰ񱭱ڣʱ㱿Ļ档
⻭ȿֺؼʹϮݺüŶһ
УЯ߹ţͯŮˣ;ɶ¾Ө̫̫ӸλЦӯӯ
󳡾ãϣƣΣϵͬͣ˵Ϊڶĵ£ΥҲǱΣʵԸ
ͬЩʲô
һѪεǰ
̬֮չƹѪ
һѶ׵ˣƤǺĳʮϣǶ˲赹ˮǰ׵ͷ֪ʲôӣ׽У浲һ
ҲʧܣЩɻɢ͸˵ھ羡飬˴һ˯ۣ꣬ӻδȫȥ̽
ǻǿϣ˺Щû񣬿ֲʣضһͻȻЦһ㲻ˡ
æϰ꣬ʲôˣͷһա˵ţɫɫЩһ޳ɵķﶼλΪ׼ôãʧܣ
ЦǣΪЩˣ߻ħ֮˵ܵһŷɣι¡
ǸʱΪǵԵʣѾʮСŮЩϵ˵ϾͶϡǷ·ɣ˽ʥŮԴ˽Ѻεʱ򣬸ûվΪ˵Ǵǰ׽ĺѣǵ£Ҳò֤֤ס
Ǻȡ֤
ֻ֮࣬һߵʱ򣬱ŲӾ˻
Щ糱ˮӿļͻΪһȻֹ

һĻĻãɫҲűʮ־ʣȽȫĻ涼Ժйһ飬ۣųСǡڴʱߣĶҪǻ뿪ɣ£Ҽ̸Ҳ٣
˿̵ɫʵںܲÿ
һѹĵľɲϵߡ
ٴȥαӵͷ
Ȼʵǣ򲻹ڻ򲻹
أһԲرߴյʱ䣬ԺеӰһһ飬ԲңĿˡ߻ħǰס
бͤϣ뵣ɢв޶ٵ֮ɫ֮Уħˣ֮һ;˳
ʵĽ
ĽͻȻվȳһɺѪһ´ۣɫʣô£
ΪȫûˡԭµС׵ֽһǶ޵Ҳȥֻʣµһǳӡ
᣿Ȼʣˣʱ£
Ҳ˵ǵѪգ޹ãȻ
̶յʱ䣬·δʮҪǰһ飬֮֮ʹٽ֮࣬˾ǣǻܵˣ˿̾Ȼϡ
⣬ʧ
ΨһĲͬžڡ
ЩɣԼʲôԻн˺һ٣ֲ۷ʹԼĵþ뷨ֻһ˲˫Ŀܿκʩϣʯһ
ɴ˿ɼǶμʵڵġ
಻֪ڶϿ˼ۣͳӡüʵʵ˵
ִѩһϣƬ̺ɫһѾ̸Ҳ̫һЩ
ƭƭ飬ͷҲͲ˵ˣĪȫǰ׶û
ҲԼͤϣְ˰üĵӡͻȻʣ֪˭ʱϲű˲ӵ𣿡
񣺡
˶٣ɫѵ棺ݷһ¡



2  2 
رߣвͯģĲҭҭһŰƴͯյǰۣû°ɣûˣҲˣ
治ɫƿĵ׵һһðô£
ǶλǼδ֪ٵıҲˣġ
Ǵͷ
ʱݣת
۾ðβŴӾԶģļѰô顣
Ȼ֮Уд˵ȱµģָùҴ˷Υһʩ߻⵽ɣ类ΪϹ񼮾޼ء
ҲżȻǿϷɣãԼмӡ
˶٣Ťͷʲ񣺡˵һһҪˣ˭ʩʱң
̫γ棬ٽϴ˿龳ǿЦӣɵӣôңиＸ㻹֪㷢ƻ˵ʱ⣬ե˶ʹ

֪֮ͦ
ϹʮУ۷ϲĳ̶ȣһڶҪôܴҪôйٲҲǷɣֻþãʶ㣬ʲôܴġ
ֻͲ񣬲ܴһһ֪ٲȻʮʢŵ⡣
ָѣϻںҪž裬б޻ⲻպϡһӣСƿУƿ㵹ɫľ鵤˳
лˡ
Ŀ£Сӣû˿ͨĹĴײڽ췭ظ
һǰεľʹòüڵ
ġ
䲻˵Ǻ˲õϡ浤裬ָЧȻûָָȴҲû뵽ñͲֹ۵ѩϼ˪
ЩԲĲǸʮͯӣޱ߸˸Сȥϲֶ˰ʱҲȻЦɫʣô£
ûáĬ˲ЩܰѪý˺󱳷һйء
ϡͿģ鶼벻ףΨһװǰġڵǶͻļǶд
ȥһɡͷ˵Ҷδ£ɣ֪ö࣬ܿЩʲô
ĬĬûг
ǰʱΪȥҷɣҪɣŶ̶̲һµʱ䣬ͱôһ/ñʱǰȥ֪ᱻһëεϷɣʲôģ
£Ҳû취
ⶫҲһˣȻûҪġ
ߡҲ˼ǣ˵ͷʧվʹȽһ㡣
ϵıʱЩһѾɻĿУĥĥشͳһŽӲӵСԪԪָУԼֻСĴָһС

ֽСԪһ㹾๾ҦĽűߣӭһ䣬һֻɴСĽ𴬣Ƥһʣôȥ
ǴҴææ궨׵£ʮʱǡɼŶһֻԪϣҪƿնһգ΢̧һ̣ҿȥݵĴ㱻ڰУϲ¡
ͫɫڴʱһһ
ĳǶμغ
ԪϣһŰ׹է֣̤βϵƱ紵ùĶ忡ʱʱǳЦسɴ磬ƽƺͷϸ᣺
ϸüšΪòھŮһһۣʱűŭ촽΢һڼŮõǣҲɵۡ
Ůˣһȣԣ覴õòռ˴ͷ
һӦԵ£һ
λǱزٵһ
Լ׽٣ʮ
ǵȷû뵽Ͳͻ죬ԼԵĶ׹̡
ʵ£ģ˶Բߡһ֣ﵽ׶˿ҡ
ûȥһζĲ񣬶ǾֱվĸǰƤ΢ǣᣬŮӶ޷ֵһ
ӦҲΪʮϣʵҲһ˵ûġ
ԶЩӣѶף㵱أٰ˵ĻҪ˶ɵӡ
ҲŰ֡
ϲӦͬͣȻʱ͸Ѫεǰˡ
һǶμ٣Ҳиۡ
ЩӵĿº͵Ĳϣ߱һ˵ЦüĵؽͣţԷԸĸ֮ʵֿܵ
ǰ븸ĸ⣬Ը⣬Ҹձʮףӭ塣ò˵³ÿһ۶ʮֺһӰĵĲζ
Ҳ֪ûסǹΪ֮Цò̫ƭԣĳζᣬ޺СҲֻۣûƽϡ
Ǽ͵̾ϢһһȫȻû취ģҴġ
پһθ
ԤΣѽʥŮƽƽ㣿¿һۣ򴽣˵ܴܲӦңʱ˵Ҫ㣿
ǣ̫Լˡ˵ʮֺҲ֪ǴĻ⣬̱ۣ㶽ҧĵ
ʱʱЦȥһЦ
ֳͬ֡ǰһϸӦһҲȫûˣȥǰɡ
΢΢Ķؿһ´۶۵ʹдδ˵ǰͷֻʵ̫ûʲô̫ǿĴڸУǽԵͷ
߳ŭ뽫ǿؾĽüйӿ
Цⲻ䣬ʣͬӣȻúţʮ첻˵֮أҲ˼λ徻ȥýȫ˵˸̸Ľδ̫˸顣
һһ䣬顣˵ȷϣĺƤҲûʲôüȥˡ
ǰδеףʵȴǣʧйϵ
ǲ²ͫ΢ƻ£εͷʵǵϻһͬµĵ𣿡
ͻȻһֲԤ
һ;ʮ츳֮ʱʱһ¯ֻЩ裬඼ľĵģʲôϡĶ޾˵ԹǸĵ裬ֻһ
嵤
Ϊãö˵ʲô
һ
Ƕ˶ǣ˵пڣʵ
Ӻһըˡ



3  3 
˼壬ͬκһ䣬һҲ޷⣬Ӵͬһϵ졣
ǽߣһݵӣ΢΢ȣҧһһʣµΣʲôϵ
üǹӴڴЩѵǸ⡰ʱ˼ζҩҶһͬģˣ
֮ǰŭ̷
һ̷ǱȻ˲ˡ
Ҳꡣ
Ϊθҷ˵Ҫʲôʡ
ǳ֣󣬲ͬͬѨ
⻰ţҪӦжӦ
ģȥţԺϡͿôһλ棬Ӳʩֶ飬ֻҲֿ˶á
ƣȻƭҲ˰һǰ㰡ΥԸܷΪܷȢ壬ƭΪǷףģʲô˵ء
ͬʱְеʧڵװס
ֻƾǿǵ׽٣˲л·
־òԡеӰտǱȡģֻУһϢʱǿǻô⡣
ôֽ͡
һУнⵤķӡ
ǶμǼٵġ
¹֣Ѿ˴ӡ
üͻͻֳۣһգէ֣ԭڴʱϢģԶԶܿ
ĹȥаĽʥŮɡЦЦ۽üҽ⡣
һЦһͣĿ⼸еıϡ
ţ
ŭֵĳ̶ȡ
ڵƱϵָһףɵӣµ񣬶ܲµһЩǵ
Ƚٷ˵ԼΪˣŭҲֻ
˵򲻹ùȥɱˣȻԼ
Ȼûͬھ뷨
Ҳµһ㣬ɴݣǰһ֣㣬˴̸֮أǻؾϸϸ͡
ȫʧסңջȥɡ
촽΢Ƥ΢΢£۳ǳ塣һ̣׵һУеıϣŵӴȻζͷ͵Ĺʱ߰˷֡
ƺһſסΣüеӡü뼡
ƽʱϣȫʢʱűƣǿƴʮϰУûǸһռӣҲ޷
ʵҲܣ˵ʩչݣ̷ȴĽʵʵոӲӲԶûпȥǰɡ
˵ʲôնøؾȥ
ͷ䴫޽⣬ʮϵǼ˲֪꣬ﶼƽĹŷδؾûС
һ˿ܣĲ
ǽȭڴߣؿһ´룬һСѪ˳Ŵѣһ·ʵ򦡣
Ѫۣ΢΢ۡ
ʱٲţĵҲ˸߰˰ˡ
ǲҰ׹ݵָڰһ㣬еĹâҡҷ֮͵һ˸ס
˿ԼģٿһµȻޱȵӣΣɫس˳ǡ
˺þõԷ½Ƕû
̫
Ǿģ޳ָ£ɫεһ̱㽫ֽȥ΢ƣʲôȥ侲ϸϸ͡
ڣͲһ˰ɡ
ദ꣬δʶŻһ档
ڷУȹ޷Զ
һô̼ȼĻԽԽһˮͻȻͷ¡
һ˳żߵĺ⡣
ġ
ҪǴ򲻹˿̷ҪĹͷꡣ
ͷһΰûԼƽʱܸŲ񲻸£˲ᵽвࡣ
Ŷ
ǡͷһʶһ㣬΢⣬ҽ췢֣㻰Ķ࣬װǻûû˻
һ㶣ºͿݵЦͫɫīһ΢գһɲ֪ıǵķ
ৣ
εɫնϡ
˱ʣǲɲĿȥȻͫ΢΢һɫ׵
һһؿڣҪеҲһ¶ϡ
ǰģ˵ǽ˵һСɾµذףһ֣ؼɬ
ذ׳ߣɢž˵ϸ滹Ų֪Ĺϵ·临ӣмһ㺮⣬ܽ˵궼̴
ǻ³һٺõԣԽӶƵΣҲЩⲻס
ָƯذϣ˻𾪵Ŀ£СɵذȻ仯״һ밵νӡ
ŷɥʱ֮ٴ¶Ŀ
֣סƮƮ»һ¡
ŲɫӦ顣
ü
ֻһ£֪մẉ̂Ҫա

ӹı
ûмʶǰƮƮһħΣգеʶӲӲһ
ûֵģԶҲ֪һն£ɺεȺ˵ܡ
ӹĸڼҲòǿ
ǵģ޷ǿ
ϲŭ޳ɱϵΪ಻飬Ҳ˸Ҷ˵ʲô
ǵӡ
ӡ
ƣſһڷĿȫȻеıϣͳӵϣ
ɫÿҲǵʻ
ָϸУһգ˳ƣ󽣼΢߲ʵĻĽ·˺գնһм
飬絮˽顣
ֻ飬ܳ
ͲǺѵ졣
ʮСУǰƴС״ٲȻС
ȸԾ޲øظչʾԼǿ󣬡˷ģˣԲҵĶ֡˵գԴԵʣôֱӽɱǷӡ
һķ˽еü
ϲٻܴºóԼܶ˵ǧ꽫صʵʵȷʵԭġ
һȷʵûʲôͬ˶ֵĻᡣ
򣬾⽣˵ʵǷᣬڵĶ˵ɰ׵ģǷǣУ¡
ֹҲע⵽˽ĳƺ
򡭡ˣϸϸ׽ۣͫɫİ䣬֪ΪӶƵıʣΪˣԭӲҰȡ
һֿɵӵĿؿ
ȥɣ̫ҡһ̣ף˵øɴ䡣
ΪԵʣղòһ
һ٣ѽͷ
Ϣ֮Ƴűü޻֮ǣס°ͣˮͫɫڵ÷ǣûпɽ֮
ǵĺأŽߵľӣͻȻЦЦ𣿡
ˣ𣿡
ֱжش⡣
ΪذУĵа׵ָ䷭ɣȻǵؿڣһû롣
Ѫˮ׵ȾɫһʢѤĻ
ͫ΢
ЦûûΣ˵𣿡
Ȼۣ۵ޡ



4  4 
ɣˣ꣬ÿϾǶȸС㣬ź򻨲ݣײˡ
˻þã֪Ķ࣬һֺԡ
֪ǻԪ׾ͷɽĽ
յĴ£̶ԣһֻСȸŷɣָʳָ۵
滻ҩ˵ǽ嵤滻ʱ򣬷ɣ˸СȸͷԣԼȥ档
ǻˣ̬ãͨڣڷɣϣҲζ
񽫽շ֮ͼӴһ˵͸û
ɣüһմһҶʯ£Ĭọ̈̄󲻼쿪ڣǰЩҹ󡣡
жȻ粻̫ƽ
㶣ʵҾãӦûûҪϡӰ簲Σ
䣬䣬ɵġɣ˶٣ֵ£Ǹǧ꣬ԽԽֽҲԽԽ˷ûڱ˶㡣
ɮ濴棬ƽϴڣҲʮСû
ǵľٶλõķɣһ˿
ѽ´λ룬ٷ伮ҵ
ôһ˵ʱһӵı׳֮С룬ĪҪΪʷһͱǰ
δҲ̫˸Щ
һˣǺ⣿в򣿡
ʮϵһֻʮλһˣҪ̫ǿû˵
ɣҡͷ̾һ׾ܿƵģҲֻЩӦΣδ֪
⣬һ£֪˿еõɣֻ֣ͨһȸųںصʯϣ͵Цָ˵ʾͷѣպͣ⼸վĪȥҴˡ
˵ֲ꣬׿ο£ӻпɽ֮ʵûӣӾʮ̫꣬ǡ
һ˲䣬Լ⡣
˭ˣ
һд¡
ɣƤ΢ƣЦЦؽظһ飬ֲҲǰŵõϢѣռʱۣҲʱˡ
ĩˣЩüѵ÷ʣ֮以Ӧӳ֮£龹û˵
𷽲ԪϼֹȻԼĻȥĽ飬Ĭ
Ϊպ󼴽ʢ磬ɣɢңҲòæڸһָҩûӰ
һߣͲֱӰס
Ҫң롣
Ƶǰ׽ֻӴܵСҩЩ˸ӹ˽ȥһû˼ְ˳
飬ǿģأЩԻǰգ٣Ľ飬ʲôҾû˼˰
۶Ҫȥ
𣿡ţɫʡ
˼һᣬػأÿظ˻֮һʲô㶼ܵǸȻ
ָָԼʣ㣬Һ͹̸˵
˸ǡǵŰɡҡҡͷֵǵǷɣ˵罫л𣬾һҲˡ

ôµ֡
˵ɣµĵҩ£һʱʱڻָЩѪɫ
ûźСɶͷҶС뵽˿סĶС
ʮķѾã֮󣬱ֽһ˷ԸССֺܿһɨ˸顣
ǳͣ·ȥǰסǸ
ǰٲң˿˿ߴӣ˷ڽĹˣҲ΢ö
ļ
ô꣬Ϊ
ǵҷŵһ߲˵
ƾһըըڶߡ
ǧʱ̫
ôˣҲǷµһƨծ
˵ˣֲòŬһ֥ùӵ¼
ÿһľսһ֡
ҪծˣȻծô㣿
꣬񣬵ȷǺ䶯һʱʢ¡
ܿ죬ͷﶼյһֽ̽ţ£˸ɽһ㣬ҲǣҲǡ
ӳϢգѴ˰˻ϣģǽӴ÷зӡʥŮ֮İ޾ѹȥ
====
칬ϣϼһӿ߲һƥƥ͵ƽӣ̾ʮ칬ʮ֮䡣
ʮŲ֮ϣǰʮ켣ɫĳϣצǻһҷѹˡ
ΪƶߣΪʮ꣬ƽƽ׽ˣ˿΢һҲͷվŵļ˴Ҵ
Ȼǰŵ⡣
Ϊ𣬵磬ͥλһˣҲΪµķԸ
ѵõĺƽӣٺ£һЦеģԲųΪǰŵĵʲõѡ
ɱ仰û˵ͺ
˼ҵĵϣǿ϶򲻹
˰ɣֶˡ
պɻǰʹȻϲĨǣźЦʡ
ӳ˵ȻҪһˣһһġ˵һƯ󻰷һתֳطڣʵѲ⣬Ҷ
Ȼǰ
˵ȵӹ곤ʮ꣬λǰݣŸǵʮһô
̫߱ƴϣɫȻس΢΢Цñ޿ޣ츸ּ⡣
صͷ״ƲʣרǰΪ
ҡͷͻȻζЦڵȷʵһҪ֪̫ӵ¡
ƴôЦֻζҪ
ʥŮ׺ˣ׷ʮŮ񣿡
Ц⽥뽫ӵռΪУ

ԣĪҪ֮˵Ĵҥƴ治̲ػأǵʵ˽⣬˵ӱ˻˲֪ҶɣҰġ
ŮǶ֮£˵ǶŮ鳤˽£½Բòֻ֡һ㣬ǶʮϹʱڱѪˣԴת
֮⣬˭˭һء
죬װģ˸Ҿ£ſڴƻƣ飬ӻиӦ˷ԳԵ֮ڡ
ϣպϣԿµӰ
˵꣬ҲһûӰ
̫ƴĿһ֮󣬷ԽԽˡ
ҡͷЩϣģֹһ
ǣǺô̡
ƴŨص΢΢ǷѯãòôǶȥ
ȴѾۣһƣ۵ӣ˻֣ȥҲãԲȣص£̫Ϊǣ鷳
ԣҲȥһˣǶ棬콾̸ֻľ֮ܲźá
󱲶ÿӰѾû̫ʱˡ
ƴ湧ףϢ¡



5  5 
˵գ⵺ʮ֣ԶֵɶˡɣΪˣٲϲҲһѣҲˣæûʱλ͡
ʮ죬˵Ҫѡһõóֵıӳĺ
һ˵γѰ
յǰģͷɻǴԼӣⲻЩʱ֮
ͳֵĶƽѵһϡﲻ˵һղųһ
ԭǲڱŵץӷΣģ䲻˵฻УҲģıﶼò
ʵǣǡ
±콾Цֻծ׼̫ã϶ⲻ˱׷ծ°ɣϹ棬ͷⲻҪ˵һ
Ⱥһڼ£Ҳգ
Ϊӵλ˲ٻء
翪ʼͷһҹҹպ嫣ԲͶԣ˿ǹ㣬գǸѵõĺ
סĵطһǧѿٲȪ֮£ơļĺ᾵Ĺʯϣݺύ֦Ѿһ/׳ա
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һ̣ɫ糱ˮȴŨīĺڰǵϯʣߴڶ̼ѵǰĴ
Ƥ¡
ߣʮ֮⣬ͬ˴˾˻̾пʮˡ
Ȼ󣬱׼ͷ˯òСǰʱһ裬һںȥɽɷ塣
֪ļλС
ŮСΪ΢δɽź򡣲Ǳߵ˵λħԼ¡
ãĶˡ
в˾䣺ӿһͬǰ
֣С˶ӣԴƬҶҲŻ˻ΣСδõӽٵϢ
ˡ
׷壬¾֮ϣССһݱ紵ҡҡ׹һֻȸڷϣˣ˳򣬳౵һ
ͬʱﴫĳȰ˵ܲܶéݣּÿ˵ŻҶͻȻ˶
ŽȥȴɣƤӶûһ£ػأʩ˼ӹƲˡ
˼Сéɫ죬һȥͽӵĿϴ
ƳΨһһľϣüɢòСŮͷ˦ħ綼÷зİ汾ĸֹˡ
˱죬ѵûзǺ
£ȷʵ۵̫࣬ͷβǸɵƼӺǴֵġ
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ͬΪħħ磬ǰǸӣһ˾ƫƫƷ׵λߣϵûƽƽŵ˵޵ݡ
⡣
ħң񷱶ӣܲкܳһӣǰ߰ӵħپ̲סɱˡ
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ˣ˭ܺԲԼȥ䣬ûбӲ˸µ¡
䭵ζһɢɢسƣľ
üô£·Ҳϸ˵ֻ˵Ƕ㶯֡
ģ
ˢˢĿЩˣĥŵ˵ͷץϾ죬û뵽Աһ١
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īھվţûʲôڸУһ˿ƽλ˵һ绽ơ
ʱڶ˶ͫɫīһǳ׽ճϲСӦӦԵ˵ͷóȻˣǲϣִֻ
鳯䭿ȥеӳ֣ºôǵϣֱ˱ǣʲô̶ģֻҪȭͷӲ㹻ϡ
ʱħһܸóˡָ䭵˦ƹ²úܡ
ЦºͣӦõġ
īھĬΣҡͷƢãٿ˲١
ͷ絷⣺ҲٵˣһǷһƨծû
Էǳ¹ƢֱҪ֡
˾仰ʱעִ磬ʱûûء
˶ʱһ˲
ӲͷƤһġ١¼
أҲЦ۵һ޲İɫسЦǺ۹⡣
ɿ˵ˣ˵ȥҶԴ˫Ŀʾںˡ
Ƣ壬˿Ѹһ㺮˪һգЦϹ֦ͬһ˱Ƕʮˣ˾٣ʮսɣ
īҲüϾڲϲŭǿºͣΣ
ɫʵش𣺡ֹۣΪָһҾͣˣʲôҩ޼ڲ
ҪǣͲͬЩţƺĴǣһΪ·ݸأ΢һʽˡ
ϹʮУħīռһϯ֮أսԨӷ򣬷ɣһλʦ촫ҵ˾
ӹ˵ϵ£ϰ˻ģߵĶ˵һ
ȥͲҡ
νµר󣬽ʱգ֪ʲô˼ˡ
ССһХĳ˻ֱҪƶĤ˼һɫÿ
Щ֡ŤͷʷɣţǾͬʲ࣬Ƿ֮Ҳƣ
ͬԸǰǩԼԼֻüһѪԼȼɡͬȥһ̾Ѫ⣬ҪȻôס
ЩҲ˲ٹ飬ἰ֮٣УҲһʴʲôʵԵû¡
˺棬ɵ룬ᵽʱýȻóԺúźһźʮɡ
Ҳδ̫



6  6 
һȸɽдһҹ
ɽ¼һԾһļǹش̿˳İɫǵк£ڰ糱ˮȥ
зƵıһżݸɣ˳ǣʣķӣֻһ𣿡
һƬУɣüκأЩǸϹŲ飬أȫһ飬ֻҵôһֻ֤һˡ
Σⷭ˷߶ѳһĹ飬һģ¸ùζ
ЩǷһϡ
Ҳõˡ
ͻȻָؽڣôôǣǿô£ںδպδɡ
ǿˣָĽⵤӣֱӽſס
齫ùȥֿһ飬ҲЩͷۣ뵥ϵѪѰԸԼͬӣٽһ
ϵһܵصķɣΪȫϣ·٣ͷ
ڰ˵
˵ϡʵûзѰ
ؼں
ѰԸԼͬģѵ˵˽һ֮ϵΪ·Ӧ١
꣬һ·˳˳ˮһأǽ¶ͷҵԴϣҵֲһ±ơ
ī̧ͣⷨȻϿЩҲǾȡ·ٶ˵ȥ˼һȦ׽ٶطʮ졣
Ļ絹ǻʣһЩ
ףеĽ֮ԻǣȥһĸԸӣ
λһӲ
ر̬ҷԸ⡣
ɣǰֻȸһȨһͷָ
ʱܵȫĶ⡣
Ϲźӣûеڶˡ
Ըпһ£ҲûЩ
ǸĿģҲһЩİƲΪԼԭߵ˸
ʦˣѾʮֲ˼
¹֮󣬱Ҫ˴Ƿµһһ¡
ײһ£һģʵûķӣҲɽͽͣ㿸סף֮һͬ
æ֣ͷҡúͲ˹Ƶģˣ¾ʮŵԪ񶼲ʣ
˵ԭҲǸٷķ֪Ӻʱʼÿǧ꣬ᾭʮŵףԪˡɰǧǧڣΪ嶼ͣʮ꺢ͯĽ׶Ρ
˶Բ²⣬ʮ׽٣ʮ콫ճһλ
ʹκκǴȥˣ˲ᣬҲʡ
īЩֵƳһۣǷݱϾͬѰǹȻܽŰţ˺£㶼ֻһˡ
պϲġ
Ҳһ
ԼĵͬлҹƤӵ»ε˲ãһĹš
ֻҲܲ
ûǰԶֻǴӦ
ɣƳߵɫͬ˵жĻָ˵һ顣
һ۰뿪أһģȻûһ£İȵ˵䣬ҹŲǱˣǱԼˡЦЦƳ˲ۡ
ĩˣЩδس˾䣺ʮѵó֣Ϊǧ̣ţиĿתƵϣƺŴʾ䡣
иûӡ
֪ӣһղһղ̹ûѿ֮졣
俪ʼʱΪ֮һ⣬ֻһ㣬ǳɣվƵģȻ˭֣û˵
˾Ա졣
ɣΣЩġȺ˵һһ˭ҲܲסһתֱӴ̫ЪŵĵطǵϢ
ɣһߣ䭱޷һ㣬īڡ񹴼س˲ݵţ߱ߵݵĶãϴһԶĢҲ֪ɣôģúõĴŲסҪݡ

߽һЩ߸ڷͬϺõ˿ˮһĹϸ޹ӡ˰ΣЩźʣӡΪйأ
ԼҲ˵ػأӦǵģõʱӡҲŵ
˭ոŲϹƽҲȥħֻΪߡ˲֪
ĵ⻰ֱҪתһȦʣôûӣ
Ҫ˵أӺͷҪЩܸڵǰͷǰЩӱչأղŵ֪£໽УŷһȥȡˮЩΪ»ˣڱ۸ҡ鲻֪뵽ʲôͻȻüЦģأʮܴĶˡ䭲ףǱ˵ܵܺͽܷǿǡ
΢㶣ЩοصҴǰˣû˵һһ׼ڲˣЩ֪ν⡣
ƢͲһţ˽㣬ѹجɱǿʢŷɱֹɱߵڤ·ǼˣȲҪ˵óʧءҦ֣һЩ
ġ
Ȼ죬ҪĳüͻͻۣһߣʣǶ׼ʲô˵иס
ϵã֪볣˲һԻ·ĳϳӣָһ㣬ɫĺľбС
üһ˰ۣ֮¶
ۣĬĬع˺ӣһɽ
ס䡣
ôе𣿡
鲻ÿɷӢü΢΢һҲ֮С
ЦñȿѿǷһƨɵծ
ĺôҲܴŲµλģٱн
ԼǷծǷ˭ģǷЩʲôشЩҵ㻹˱ǡʮִ󷽡
Ĭ˰Σһһģʮ̫Ǳ߽ģʮ˶⻨СɽǱǷţʮӡ
ɻҪЩʲôһôࡣ
͵ı˱ۣʱǺǴôϣȱһЩϡŹֵĶֶͦҡ
ȥɫЩصͷһȣ˹һȥɣЩ˶˵Լ޼֮˵ʲôҲ
飺ܾ㣿
Ҳû򵥡
ĸֳһӨ׵壬һ֣εǱȻССĲǶһֻޣʱ׼˺Ƭ
ǡƣɫ
˯ǰģŵʱ̫æ񶼻ͳ˯չȥˡ
Ȼһ˯ǧꡣ
ˡ
ڣȺͷֻűԣҲý裬Ҳý衣
ޱ飺ֻΪϣ
ͷ飬ʣţҿɻо𣿡
ûþȡһȻǵӻƨɸ͵꣬Ӧʹ졣



7  7 
ļ겻䣬ҲˣһǵصİҶһɢ䣬չ⣬һĽС
£ҲûڲãҴҷɽһ۾ƼһϲͯĲ
ŲһߣСԪǷܱͨ
ٵЦһ˼ػأȻĶûУԪ࣬Ҫж١
ڲΪ޷ݵأж㣬ԲСԪ
ѣһˬ
һɣʮԲСԪ˳һŷŵرĳصһ£Ҳö೤Щѵûµĵܣ룬һΪӣҶ˵һػ𣿡

˵ǿСԪЩЦˡ
λʲôСϡ²զզҪһֵģʮһϴŵڶϽԼţѵһ㶼
ֶ̳ǿŽӲԲԪͷϹŵĻû˵ȥ
Ԫʡ
̧̧°ͣҳΪⱦ
ͻȻЦˣüĴŵļЦɢøɸɾúÿǼ乴˵ĳ࣬һ£ĵĻһ¡
ԺУʲôĳѹѾõĶԽԽܲסܿأӡһ겻һꡣ
Щʱ񣬼һˣһܻṴһģȫԼıݲ
ǰǴûй¡
ЦüĿ䣬ĵĸлˣ»ʮ죬Ҳ˼ƿ𣬵ʱ㳢
һƳԣŵĻ㱰ͨͨɣ˻֣Ҳˬ壬ˮһԪˣʲô
һߣվڲ£͸϶ʢΧƷеľ̫ƴ棬ۣվŵīڵһ˷С
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Цüʮ˵ģȻһ趼ʶ
żӲ棬Ķӣûнͷֻж˵ķݡ
ͷϣɽ˵Цɣ
˵Щ꣬бͲǿһۣаԺҲ֪ôģװ¶ǵݣúƵġٻһףҲû˸۸ˣһ׶ˣƫҪȥҽʶˣ۸Ҳƺ«һ
īЦЦȰ˵ףС鶼þˣܶһ棬ǼģҲһһģ
䭲Ϊ⣬һĸһ𣿡
˵īҲҡҡͷκʣ㿴ˣ
ˣӡҪˡ뵽磬üһۣôСһҲʡġ
Ҷīһ̾һûٿ˵ʲôˡ
ܿ죬ͷɵ֮У˽ĶϵССľͱʳʱʱ򣬱һһӦλ
ʮλײһЩԺ󣬿ǽĵطŰһţβǡʮλ
ʲõ̫ƴ漰һӵܣ֮ŵĺͷĴܣٽĴ־йٵȡ
֮ûһǼ򵥵ġ
ɻĽηĿУһĿбӵһ·ߵǰȻ󿴵ϯ̫ƴ棬ԼһƵΧĵǡ
ٴμ棬ɫȥ˲٣̧º͵һЦڲʲôҲûһɫƵһףĿ⼫һƳɨ
פ㣬ɨһȦ˪Ҳ˵ʲôǰš
ȻҪֵģˣƤӾԵõ˷ʱˡ
ȻҲûġ
Щӡ
Ҳûʲô˰絶ʰɻֻԼ̫ûо֮ģ׵˵
Ҳ֪һѵ̯³ɳӣǸ࣬޺Ը
ڵ֮Ƚ
ٲQֵɸɸ٣浽Ǹʱһһˣܵѡ
ٲԸҲû취ֻҪֻ׽١
ǶμԼôԼġ
أѼӲһع˿ɽ
˳˵ǵƳķӡ
϶øԼ·Ҫǧ꣬˵Լֲ⣬϶ҲܴӦ
һ㣬Щ΢Ҳƽȥ
࣬ī£°΢˵ȴģʱ쵽ˣӺͷҲˣסǣȱ
ȻͷҪظ֣ͼ׺˼ɵ˽Ҳк𻵣ȴضӰԭһ˿Եͻأ
̲ס˳ǣųͲĳʽͬСɡ
ӣɵģһͷ˪ѩעĿαΣյۣȻһʱͶס·Ųҵǡ
㡣һʳָؽøǰСڣȴʮͣĹۣ볤ϸ˵
Сңú
Ŀ̫//㣬һĿⶼ䵽ϣһƳ̫ƴȶʼ
һ࣬¶ӣͦһǹڣɫĮÿκһ˿ϲŭ
Ψмʱżǣǿع˹ǣ뼷һЦΪ沿̫ӲЦҲûֳ
ӣܻ䣺ʦ
ྪɲĿ䵽ϡ
սսֹɱϹһΪĪ⣬ڵɵ棬ųķϲСŮʦ
оͳһԼҪ١
Ƥ˵ͷû˵أͼವƫͷĿƼֱ죺磬ǰ˶ףžʮ˱ʦֽͣдһ岻ߴͽ̡
˵Ҫˣ˵
ѹֵ
ãֻϵ£ҲڶҪͽܳͷʦˡ
Ľָžǿɽ࣬ţƺ塣
һ¡ԾԵӺͷʹ˸ɫ촽΢ͽ˵Ժ
Ҫˣ˿ȱͬǾ
üһʣʲôҪҲֻǣҲĽ飬ܿ۸
ǰǲܣڣ˵׼ˡ



8  8 
ûȷɣ˺ֹӾһķһУЦЦسڣˣҴææȳЩٴ򲻳١
Ŀ˸£սƵһЦҲû˵ʲô
ζʱɢȥ̫ƴǾ棬Щ䣺λǺ⣬һ˵Ļ
Ŀ֮£岻Ҫӵ
ӽоյһţ˵һ죬۷һб忡Ӷʱа
ƴĻԣǸҪ
ӾλجӾˣȻûʲôƢίߣõʱЩģ鲻ãֱӰε
Ȼڵ飬ʮֲá
ƴʻֱӰ˵
ĺڵɫڤ֮һ˿˿ڳʵֱӱ
ƴҲһԲϾͿɵļƱ˻һҡγŷ
ۿžҪӽ֣Ҵ⣬ļС˺Щ
Ӳмߣǰ㣬һ֧ҵļ
ɫǱŲŲһʱ֮䣬ͷۡ
Сңȱ𶯡Ǹֿںﻹδ˵꣬һжȻֹеˣǱʩ˶һ㡣
ɵǴ²ʱ˻ͷѵþһȻΪʮìܣպЩţ߲̣Цס
Ȼ˿̣ɵ֮⣬ټɵǱһŴ̽˶ɢȥĺڳ糱ˮӿһ˱һ˼ϣܹ
ƴ˸ʱͷͶ֡
ǵģ֡
ӵˡ
ʮ֦ͬһ壬Ȼ⣬ܹ飬ҲʮеһӣǱһ˵һС
˴ûǵӶ֡
壬ûɶˡ
뵽ģƴȻҲ뵽۳üаЦӣصس£ȵĹϢˡ
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֪ϰʹȻϢ̫ǿƣ֮ģһ³ȥͷ˶á
ϣϢһˡ
۴ΪʮϤǳ£߿ڣӰɢһ̧ȴƼһĺڡ
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ʮǸ⡣
壬Ϊߣ츳ǿþ׽٣һҲûܣһ𻯻𻯣취ҲûС

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ӣϰ˻ĵκ鶼ܹһܡ
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ãȥҷ̸ģһ꣬ŵȥħ磬ЩʱƽӣӶȥ£Լʶٹһ¡
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ͻĳָ£ֳϸСɫѪһƣĵ̧ۣĿȺɨһȦЦЦŵɳɳ֮Уô컹ͦ֡
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ɣΪ֮վش˸ԲԵһǲڿʼ
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ȫħɷ
ȴ޶һ
ܱ۾۵ӾͺãȻ̹ףܲͻȻֱὣһ롣
ʵЩģʹɹϡζһ˵񣬻ǻλͷƮ
ڼ䣬ܾһ˵ߣŵĶ߲żһ̧ǵ߶ϡ
ÿһǶ͵ģһֲ˵Ҳ˾崺硣
ѳÿõıر
Ӷ˷ƢãģŬùӵݸ
ЩᣬٲȻһģ̳ġ
ֻĺڣĹΣһܿЦһ̾ܺԥؽؿڡ
һε£ЦЦЦúһ㶣̲ס΢΢£
ǵԼ̽ǻʱҲûûεЦȻ
ʱ䣬Ϊ͸λŰСŮڿǸʶһ
Уˣдá
ڣڡ
ѡʱ򣬺úõ˵˵˵ͨġ
ϾҶ
絽˺Σʼ
վڴУһһ
ָϡˮһĴǰιԽ棬Խء
̫Ź빪˹´񣬹ص׾ɽһֻԸʮãǰӡ
һ䣬
Ҳеƴǰ븡ģһű͹ΰŵĵ
ԭ̫ˡ
ɽޣϹ֮ȻЩ࣬Ҳѵóһš
ɽڵֻ˲֪õĽڣŽڵ͵ѰȻܰԼﵱ͸ˡ
Ҳ֪˶Ѫ
֧ͷü彣һϬƤô¿һۣɫ䣬ԴζЩ˼
Ҳ֪˼ָƴ淽˵Ļڵ
ɫɣķһۣϲɣҪöڵ
ûܿɣҲ˳ջĿ⡣
ƴӶöһ£˵һûͷûβ˼֮󣬾û˶ô˫۾ţﲻɵЩŭ
ڵĳѾˡ
ȷʵ˵ȥǣҲڴѪ׼صӳ
û취ڻʱʮ쿪ս
ͳ
Ҫȡ֮ôÿһܳء
ǼҲȥ
һһ
ֱԼ֡
ȻԵģһ¡
Ůסô˿ţҪԼ۾⣬Լ۾⡣
˿ȴ۾ڵͫޱȣ³һɢ
˵
Ů׽ⱦһ
ºټɵһļž
ϵЦˣŵĵҲˡ
ĬĬؽȥ
ⱦħûӡ󣬲ÿȥǽãֱϹλۡ
ĿϣȴܸܵΪϬȡ
ѭĿȥڷɣߵĲһŷཿɰĺͯǳɫֱҪ
ֳϣֱӳӸûꡣ
ֻڣŲߡ
Ȼ󿴼ϵɢز˲ʳָŵ䣬ڵĽëű˪̧ۣ˹ǡ
ʱһɺӽŵװ쵽˼ǡ
Цݣ̫аˡ
ʶĹ̫һ



9  9 
һɢ磬ʧߵøɴͷβ˵һ仰һ֡
һߣӺͲͶˡ
ӹЦеľյ쪷磬سǵ¡
ƴϵҪ裬һӣεϽ˽ȥ
Ǳߴòɿ̡߲
ÿɰŭ壬ҲǸɰܲͷƽʱôãߵĲ˳
ֻܱסһȸɺ
㶪ˣԴˮʲôҵıԺʲôͬ𣿣ˣ
һĻ̫ħԣǱͷظܲȰ
һ˰ˣĻ
ܰҲһֱ¡ֹһ䣬ֵ룬ȷȥˣǵҲһð
ĩˣͷѵһأԣˣȥǱ߿ӿɱһʱ˸ɱˡ
ʣǺ軹Ǻӣ
˳ǣôסЦŲ񼷵ߡ
ͬʱɽϣҡҡ׹éݱߣһóСϣƮƮֽƬһīͫɫ
ݣû紵壿бһƳ󣬴Щζ
ɣЦŰ˰üģֻСȸ֪ӺδԴվϣƫͷһϮ󣺡ôҵãһģʲôʱ򵹡
ԣһɹΪ⡣
ɣ˳ĿȥòɿƴӣֿԱŵͺͷˣʣӾãⳡ˭Ӯ˭䣿
һĵЦ֮ͫɫʱʢ£⣬ǾӽΪ޵ˣҵѾΪһͭˣ
ɣһԭѽݵӵС
ӱλҪûƵס˿̽һգɱӣԶǵʹİӹɱȡ
ְ̧һźĽɣԵ̾һ治
Ȥɨһս֣ۣһ䣬ЦЦа򶼴ˣ֣ӣҲԽԽᡣ
ⲻܹɣ廰һ˯ǰǧ꣬鶼֪ΪΪʲôģ
𣬳شƤ£Ҳϲŭ޶˸һ粻ѹȸС
ǧǰʶǾ˲ԸҲʣǰһˡǶһһʰƫǸģǰӣƭɣۿ費ƨɣתͷͽʥŮס
ôһЦƢֲǲ̵֪ϵģǸݽɫֻ̤¶֮ӻʮͲ֡
˵棬ɣЩЦãǻù˯ǰûߵһ
꣬ƵЦͫڣﾡĵĵӣϣ˺ܶǰûеζ
롣ףüһӳһЦ԰ɣ
ɣףǧ꣬ٶɺˣҲˣӴˣɲǶ࣬㻹С࣬СβͰ
ôЩ꣬Ͳײײǰ˺ȴģδǰܹˣΪ᲻ȥҲ֪òס
˹ǣ۽üҾĮȻ
ˣСΣһǵصĽ
ɣһյɽۣ֮ﻹӰ
===
˵ԭίŭϵǷɬſ֮ƻ쾡¡
ƴΪ̫ӣԶȻǷ֮ӹУҲС
ɹʱأպͰа򽻵ǿϸ֪
ݳȥʱЩسɽһۡ
ȻһƬʲôҲ飬Ȼ֪ںδ
һ룬ͷۡ
ͷ۵ǣۿƴ治УҪ׷ֳʤʱͻȻһˡ
ǸҶøӵˡ
ȪӣŽ˶Ʋ棬һƴӾͬʱϨ𣬴ˡ
Ϊʲôأ̹ƴ棬ƴʦ⣬ĵȪӣн̵֮ǰôᣬҲܻøӡ
ƴ֣Ϣؽʦ
۷һɨƮƮ࣬ɶɶУȱһ
⻰СڳĶʲôΪȻһʼ磬²ػأҿʦĸô˵ǾִƫңվͿᡣ
ǲףŵһԵɵϷ⼸ۣЦ
ᣬʮϵÿһԳֻһλῪϣʲôҪ񶼵ý߾ȫæ
Ī˵ֻһӣӦĿըҲùǺ
û˻ŻˣȻô˵ˣôգȻûꡣ
Ǽ޷ѹסԼ
ʹäĿԴΪԸͲʮþȵ£ڣòΪ򵥡
ľӪĿڱһָָ㿴Ц˵һ壬ȴģֻһѶ
飬̫Ҫԭˡ
ڵ棬ٲά衣
߲ͷŵأһһ̵һ˿üĿҲ紺ϸĴȺͣŰĵѾͷĪǰӷ£ҶѾ֪ˡ
֣һ磬ǵУ޷̽
ЦòãȻʦĸ֪ԭίΪֹ𣿡
һĬ
ʦĸ֮УΪ顣Ĭ󣬲ỹʵʵ˵㿴ʦĸϣʱȱƽϣ£ߣôô˽𣿡
Ц
£Ҳ˵óڡ
ʦĸȻ֪ʼĩԭίҲ˵ʲôˡҲдϹäĿһñƭֻҲ͵ѵԸưͿˡ
ƭҳ£ԲôɵؽҹӣЦС̫ûûְطʲôʦĸѵûжȺ˵Ҫ٣ȥҷɣҪɣ֪ûϷ֮Ͱ˼ϣһ£Ч٣
ĺ˻ģ
˵꣬ϵЦʼǡôûԾҲûбֳͬ飬ǰһ֡
ĹǣһˣҲǿѵ¡Ǵȥ£ͬ㱣֤ɳ׽٣һܲˣ֮г𱨳ԹԹԽǰͬ취㿴У
ëƤ£һᣬҲףΪʦĸ顣
ЦÿͣϹͷ˻ˮֻǷһ飬ǰս峤ȥǺ˺Ȳ裬˸ɣ˵£˵顣
ͷЦȴһ˿ƣϡɿʱķ绪ڣһһҲţֱ£͵Ǹʦĸһӣ֮׽㿴з񣿡
˵ˣԷǳҪЩӡ
µʱ䣬ָһӼѣҪҲ㲻϶֡
һʮصȻʦĸ˵ˣ£ʱϣʦĸԼ
Цá
ߵʱϻٶŭ벻ǿͣô񣬽һͱ˲綯֣Ҫʦǰ˵飬ղŵ
ˣƨ˵ĵӣǰӰô򣬴춼
޵ƨɻߡ
ⶼʲô°
ҲƣϹ̸ֵ½֪˵Ҳû
˵˵úúõģмһиʲô˭˵壿
ɢȥĽԶɵٴʧǰһγ֪ʲôʱˡ
ҹȥҲ
˼ǣҰתӣźһЩƣպˣ˵Щ
ͷȻѹͼ˸еƣѰæѶԭҲ̤ʵЩ
˸ãĿɢÿһ˿ʣΪΪʲôԼȥ
˯ǰͺϵõ㣬˶㻹Լȥɣֲǲ֪ϻرڴ°롣˸Ҳһ룬ɷ˵Ͱҵ»û꣬ڻңŶûС
קϵ룬Ǹᣬȥɽַӵ£˾ͻأĶ˵һڲ㲻ɣ
ͻȻۣһⲻ簡˵ǷծǷծɣôڣӸèһġ



10  10 
ѿڶǸծŵûһ飬벻ҡͷϣ˵ʲôأˡ˵˰һˣȽǵ£Ҹϵƣ㳨˶Ƥȣô
һƣٺЦԷԶؽӹذףǸͷŰһİɣϣȻ͸͹ȥ
ģǰ̲סһǵðҪң˵ұö£ҲͣͲǰﲻݿȥˣ޳չʱͲˡ
񣺡֪֪ˣҸ㶵ûǧҲаٻˣ죬㻹ģ
ͷúŵʮػȥˡ
»Ǿ֮ϣͻȻһƿƿڳ£â¹ٲкòϵһŤ
Ļ£СܳϢй̱
ߵס£ͼ˿ϱﻹŸҶӡ
תһȦһƨԱߵСľϣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôǰһʹ˵ˣ۾Ϲûɶ𣬱Ͳˣûˣˡ
ϵҪһΪһ˵һ̬һǰúõģҲû˵ȶҪ̸̸̸˰ɣˣһõ𣿶֪£㻹ɶ˻һȥǸ㲻
㣬ȸ͸ף㵽ôģ
üģҲЩ裺ʱǾ˲ԵģȻǸ̯ӣԺҲλôһʱԺ⣬ⲻЩԼ
ʱҲܣļɫɣϡͿԼҲ˵塣
ϱͳ˲Ӭһѿ֪˵Щʲôǵòٰ۹ͷβЦһ飬󻹵üһ䣬ǺûۻԺܲܳġ
һˣôɵġ
Сң֮ǰ֡
㡣ֱ¹һӰüóһȻݵǰˮҺͷȡһЩţͬҿڡ
Ҫǻǰ˵ֱִˣһΣƿˮ˻ȥΪû߰˰ˣˮϣ̫˷ѣ۵ģջȥɡ
ʲô۲۵ģԼˣŰɣ㻹ͬҿʲôˮȻ̫ãȻҲʹǿһЩպޣҲʡȥෳա
üޣΪҪޣ
Ƥһʣޣ㻹ʲô׵İ취㲻ͬ޾ɺðɣ
ǳ˳飬ӻ޾ɺãӱӵòһⰡ
Ѿϸʹˣɣ˵ԲҲû㽫ⵤҩ;ϣʱѣʱѣƽķһֻ֡
֣һʣǲ鵽ģֻһ֡
Ƴһۣ˵ˣζҩһʼͲ;ϵģνааԶһֵȷûôӣ򵥸ɴ࣬ȡλ˵Ѫַ£ҩɢˡ
ȻӺĲ䣺Ѱô˵ĻɱȡѪҲһ
Ѫ֣𾪣ͫ΢
ΪߣһѪһ֣ʧɻɢҷ𣬶ȡѪֵĹ̼Ѫȣĺ˵ĸ²֡
˵ķǶɱ
˵մ͹Ҳ粨ȻʣҪսҡ
ӵͷԷɣղû˵˵Ҳڰ˵һŷɽɢɣû˹û⣬ȥ²ʵҲʲô¡
׮òɵ
ӲʲôˣĶûǧҲа򣬵վǲͬ
ɣѣһɹǵõĳϣʹ֮ʱʮֵ԰
԰ûǵȷľˣҲǿһЩ
Ѱߣ£ȻħжǣҲմȾ
üʣûбİ취𣿡
£϶
ҡͷָવڱҶʯϣеϹŵ伮ǶӦ©ˡ
Ĭ˺һᡣ
ǶͻĪļ䣬ûжԱ˵
֪ǺǽЧġ
ʲô취
ûκһȻٴζɽٵķ
ʱӦ˼ƻԲߣֻֽⷨôɣȻѡ˺ߡ
ֻ׽ٵʱ̾ͷߵѪ֣ⱻ۵Ƹء
뵽̧أڶַǴżϿ𣿡
ǵǣҷŴŷɣģǼ֪ࡣôͻȻ
񣬵ûʲô̫࣬Ӳ̫ãת䡣
ΪȻأң䭶һӣ½ٻȥ
æ־ܾ
ȱҡͷҲȫΪ㡣Ӽ鷳ѾѧкԣɣӦҲǰ˵䣬䣬䡣
ͷɣȷʵ˵
ڶܻɣǸ飬˵ĶԼ
ɫЩһڵ£ܺͲйء
΢㶣ʶʣʲô綯𣬻ǡ䣿˵棬ʶЩ
ڶ˵ãҲֻǼĲ²͵ǣδᷢʲô£˵
⻰İοζŨֲֻмͷ˵ĸо
׷ʣΪξûǲ񣿡
޵ķʸҪиԭɡ
Ӻǣֻ򵥸˵˼䡣
Ӧ֪ÿǧ궼ᾭһ׽١
Ȼ֪жʱʮֲ⡣
ȨĽһĪ֮;˳˳ˮöɽ١
ԭ⸱ĸģ
ʱʮϣֻһϲ

ǵǶǰ͹һ˶òֺٻʱȴڶɽ١
ʱˡ
Ǿÿһ׳ʮŵͷƤ顣
ɢȥҲһϢֻʣһ
ӡ̵ģǲǶӣԱǷϸˣԼò
̶ȣò仯ữǲɿصġ
Ҳʹ׷ʲô죬һ˿Ҳ¶ûãָֻûûεģ
ʵڲ˵ҲͲٹʡ
ԭΪˣ˭Ҳû뵽֮ÿǧ꣬һƺƴ׽ٵÿһΣ͸һЩҲ΢һЩ
ڣǺͯģϲ̶Ⱥеһƴ
ĪҪ̫⣬ҲҵĲ²⡣ҹɫ£ͷ᲻٣ɣǳ֮ܲ⸣׼˵ҪǼȽٸԻȥ׼
һӦ֪ʣ׼ʲô
˵ֽ֮ˡ



11  11 
ɵ֮ϣ¥֪ȼţСŷеɹһоЩ
ľˣҲĻˡ
֧ͷβ׺ŵѪƫƤְףһͷڷīˮѵʣһһǾĶǵ졣
Բ͵䵽⼸УһҲûУ嵹ǲ١
˵Сɽİ˴ɽ֮һ׷ͯգɷǣƽСɽǰǽһ˵һծֵһ
ծֵͷϣ°
Ҫ⻨ʵ󣬻ʮ˶䣬ɽҪҲ͵ǳ˸ưͿ͸ˡ
λɽűϵùŴǣڵҲ֪⻨Сɽһ;õҩǧ꿪䣬ŮһǶʮ˶䣬ԼöԭǲģŮóνɮ濴棬ǲ裬ˡ
Ц۾ֻʣһϸ죬ֵ٣СţӺεȻϡʮ˶⻨ڵҲˣǷ񡭡ԭ
߳ɮµɮʩ˸ҲʣŮҲȥһ⣬ʮӣ֪ӿ֪¡
žһļž
ۣ˯һ
Сɽɽɮ׼Ǹʲô뷨
һᣬۣīڷŶɢҷָ˵˺ڸо͵ĲǱѵĲ䣺
ӲͷƤ߹ȥѱ仯Сذ׵͹ͼڵŵǰϣЦŴ˵ǰͷΣȻ򣬾ſޣͼǿԾ黹ӣ٣赹ԡ
Сɽɽͳɮµɮԣһı顣
İ棬ĪǿѹĴСɢЦЦ̧־䵽˼£ôЩΪ⳥
ʱСɽɽɮ𶼴˾񣬳񿴹ȥ
˲֪ǿһڿʮֲŵǰȴҲɣȱȼĺöٲˡ
ͷƤһըʮ־Ҿ¶£޹ء
һһ˸߰˰ˡ
Щ꣬öʣˡ
ĵشӺＷһɢ˼ĵӣֶϣǶһ죬ڳļλͷһ
Ϊ⳥Ӧҵü۽ǺаûβҲֹƻĵζ
£ʮֿͷӦ˹
ȥԥ˶ѡ
һŽë£ڵƤϣܵһӰǽڷʳָǱߣһûһµ򣬽ţܿ첻ȤϷתͷֱۡ
ʼգ˭Ҳû
Դ󣬿ĿһС
Ȼ˸˵ʲô
ԵĵλѹƣϵϢ
ޱҹɫУ˵š
СɽɽλɮСԺȥ˲ЪϢ
뵣ɣֳΡ
ϲһֻСȸ
ɣЩЦõʣôգô󣿡
شģǳõĳĬ
ڷɣϰ˺ߵĳƢü²ŵѾͷʲôʮͷˣŵ˵ǰ̯࣬ôһΣͺȥˣ
һ˯ǰǧ꣬Ҳùһʱۣ£ȻˣضҲͷԵģలο䣬Ҳ͹ˣ£취
ɣ̾һϹʮ񣬳ͷǸϸ磬ģİһۺͲģǰֲܵģÿһ£йˡҳԲġ
˵֪Ӧĵһ
ȻǷծͬʱǾ˵
ȻèһĶš
ǿ壬͸ʸУЩָ¶ȸ
Ǿ÷ɣ˵ĻЩЦ΢΢˹ȴ˿ů⣬ᳰҰο
˶٣ζĿ䵽ɣϣҲҪҡ
ã𣿡
ɣҭһ¡
Ȼҡ
Ҵ˿ʮֻš
ʱҪˣһδƽһ𡣡һ̾ںһ䣺֮ǰ̽̽ף
Ҵǰôûôĸ飬һ𣿡
ǺεԹཱུգ֪ôͻȻֻ磬øЦ
֣һ߼ûǷǮûˣôʲô仰һͱŵƨƨߵػأǸ㲻ôġ
񣺡ǰ˵󻰣Ҹ˵ԱȴǰǿˣǹѹծҶ˵䡣
ֻţ˯ǧ꣬Ҳóɾˡ
࿴һۣ
԰ǧԭ̤ȴǰģֻ
Ĭػ˸⡣
ʱ򣬹ɫΣޱ仹ֱӺ䣿
ǳ˳飺û۲䣬ܵýŵĨ͵䡣
ĬĬر졣
ģı׹ˣô¹Ϊò֮£ʲôôײУҲɣǰӰ룬ߵģʲôӹ¶ɡ
ʱɣ˵͸Ůһ
᲻˵ƳһۣǼ⣬ѹ֮ɡ
˿ССֻԼӣֲɱػ˷˵Ļʼ磬״ʣźҵ£㣬֮ǰ׷ʲô£ôͱ׽ٵѣô궼ͣЪش
̧ͷҪãȻҲǵ˰

ƭ㣬ǰ£һҲǲˡ
ıʵ޹ãȻһʱ֮䣬Ȼ֪һλˡ
Щĵʣһ׽٣ʲôʱ򣿡
һ仰Ĳסµ
˵֮ڡ
ɣ˵䣬Ҳǰ֮ڡ



12  12 
û㽫Ųֻ֪˸ͷѾ֪׼˵ʲôˡ
ңԶҪֹۡ
һʱܱǳһʱãô˵Ҳ񣬲ôģȺĦȭôãһľ͵λǺ֮ⲻһȥˣǻûеȵ𡣡
ɣܰѻ˵ˣҪÿ仰棬һˡ
ãͦе޷
̬Ʋľ
˵ĵԼ
ͺΣ˾ˡ
˵䣬ɵǰԥһᣬջǱһ䳤ʹʹ˲ӡ
ɵڰɽ٣Ųƣҹɫиۡ
һ˻ͦࡣ
СɽβɽɮһëεɮǸһ˹⡣
ծĹ⡣
Ա߻վŸɣר־ضŪֻȸ˿ûΪ˵ûĴ㡣
˾ǳĬһᡣ
ڹǰϴܻķ
ܿһԾ֮·
վڹǰѧ۽ѻ㾲شţͷԼĽż⣬κëĹɳϿңӣäĿ˻ûпǺ𷣡
ʧ㡣
ĬĬһ䡣
ʲôأıߣˣûС
ˣΪԼԼȥǽҩ´Ķܻ飬ɣһ۹⣬
ͳȥĶȥĳŵ˵һһ֡
뵽ë˲ɿɨһɢϵˣӦŵĵѹ֪ôģʶ֪ȷʵá
Ϊڹõˣʱǧ֪꣬ΣյֱѸҼʱ
еˡ
Ϊ
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ĵӾһβͣϷˣ磬ܳһʱ䣬ӹ·ʿǾͶ㡣
̧ͫ䴿ĺڣֻһۣ޶˵Щ꣬Щѹֲסѵɤۡ
ͻȻЦһͻȻһȤƤǵ÷Ȼ£һֱţ
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ҡҡͷʶȤûҿ
ۿǧһչϴģͻȻ;û˼ɺջĿ⣬ɢŵɳƣɣ
˳Ŀ⣬Ҫծġ
СɽɽǸɮһʱ壬ʶ;Ǹ˼Ҫˣ˵ʱ˭¡
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Źֱۣ۸ڷɣˡ
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һһӣ죬ͻȻһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
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µһƨɵˡ
аɡ
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⻰һǿ׻׻ġ
ۣͫݿŨīָ΢αϣվţҲһû˯ѵɢӣ֮󣬷ЦЦڣð
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˶һα֤Щ֮󶨵黹ӡ
ĿƮƮԹгŪЦ⣺òԪ񣬲ǾңúܣЩծ
Ȼǳ֣ЩҲֻϡ
ʮ˳˳ˮ⻹ͷһأ˱ꡣ
ŮˣֱûϹźǧѣһѵ̯ӣ꣬һʱ䣬Ͳòǰ
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ȻϣŵͬһԴζ
Ե֮ˣǣζ
˼ȫƣҲò˼
ɫЩõģô˵Ҫ³ҶѾӵôˣѲɻծ
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֮󣬲ʦĸѺծҪúһ
ͷҲЩӣᵽ׶棬Ƥ±ˣ˵¾£㾹Ŵӣ
һۣȪ鲻ƣҲôҪвһʦĸʱǸô˿ţҲû֣ܲΪµ޺
ֻ˵һŲǱߣ˵ˣʮеһ룬ꡣ
ͻȻ֣Եϲŭҳʮһǧ꣬Ȫദʱգʮꡣ
һҴߣϦദǧꡣ
ҰһҫȨʱָ
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һϮ֮£ͻȻпµ·ŴѣǴž綾Ļ֦һʴǣһʱ춯΢ɼüͻȻһ˦䣬ӻɢ
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У˵Ȼɡ
仰ٲȻ˹̬ȣʱ˵
ֻƢͷͬϻƽˣ־ٳ״ɢλúϣվʹСҺͷȥ壬㲻׼˶ԸԼ˰
ױ˺Լۣ֮İǲ壬ΪһԼˣ˶ٻء
á
ʱڴڿĵӣתԼˡ
ħƺܿ۽ǣͺڵѪСԽ



13  13 
ţٲкҲСˣϥۣ֮̾һ
˵˵ȥ֮УʵΪ
֮ǰһ;иһ֣ҲЩҪı״ȴûа취
ӳʱ𣬱Ͼʹˡ
ܴﵽЧǧ꣬һΪıҩѻġ
ȻǿһĶְ֣ˮ׼Ȼûá
ͺ
ܲһֱѳ
һοԣοԣĴ֮Լȥ
ε飬ƽʱæýŲմصĶסȻ˵ԭ򣬵ɷϣ뻹Ϊ
ˡ
ֽʱӶһ飬Ӧ˷ɣǸҵ
Լ£Ȼǰ֮ĶԣٵӦ׽٣ôڼ֮ҵͷϣҵͷĿѣ˼ӡ
ֻ֮ȵ£ڲὫѺ󣬴ʳ֪ĽЧķ
֪еһ֡
ôû취õѡʱˡ
ֻȽˣ˼ֳ顣
һжǿա
ְ˰üģͣͲǰһʱ֮Ҳûޣ̲סһۣ̱˿֯͵ϡ
ɱҪ˯
޲ȥȻûҪҹװģĴһȥʱˣѧϰԣ˸˯ϰߡ
Ƥӿʼܵʱ룬
ȥɽ׽㡣
˲С˹ӡ
ѹֵ˷ӿǧ㣬ǧһУɿܵϯܿƵسȥ
֪˶ãĽڴ˵ס
һǰһȹϵͭŴͭϿĳֻɬͼЩϤͭ纣׵Ķһ㣬ͨ쳹أĿͷ
ſ˲䣬Ŀ֨ƾõĺظϯһ̣ͻŨѹѹðʹƺûãͷϸ
ѹȥȥҲ죬һ⣬ĺèܺʹȻ˵תߡ
˭֪̤Ӿת˸Ȧֱͭŷȥ
֮أĿ֮ǲ涵ű˪ҶƬһҶһ磬֦ͷģǼ࣬޴ŵ
ЩС
Ʈһᣬ¿˹
ȻתһȦȵͣ˹ĸǰ

ϣ۾ûѵǻһ뵭ĮīɫϣŰķͼˮĳһĳɰţ۽ǵǿСüҪʳѪ
ֹģΥ͵ĸоӿˡ
ȰΪǿҡ
꣬ǧǸڹߵġ
һ˵Ըϲŭ޳һ۹ȥܿʵľ
ڣȻʲô͸
ĪɤЩӣйоصվãӡ
ۣˣ׵͸ֱһգʱϵǧű㻯һƺָ⣬һ˿ʧֵƵһ
޳ָڸѵƤϣͫīĺڽ纣ˮѹֵīȼɭɭ
ûлӦӣǼĺֱײӴΪʹͻϸСɫףǱԨʮ겻չĲ԰ףʱԵЩɲ
ʱ򣬹͸ģֲ๡
˼ߵߣüʣôˣ
һ̣ƶס󣬼ഥʱԲۣ޴ʹ֫ٺۣǵأǣܿ죬Ķͷк飬˳򦣬һ·
ʹģ޾ĸ壬ⷭӿɵ
һ˿Ҳ
Ҳѹû˽Ǹʲô
Իǵʹûг̫ʱ䣬ڹֵ˲䣬صϣһ仰Ҳ˵
ûͼˮֶסһֻ
Ҫ
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ɫʮֳĲǧ֮ǰôضʮʶȤԶƿ
ڣֱ㡣
Ƕ㲻ĬĬر죬һΣ־ʹûϮ
Ҳк飬ã޳ָ΢ɣһȦӡۣԼࣺš
ˡ
ôڸʲôƽ죬ָµˮе
ͻȻ֣ס򦡣
ֱӵʱڿˣ˫ŨѹĺͫȼҷĺףۣеǶ޻ȼǰס
˿ǣЩɵؿڣôôħף
Լˡ
ħףİ
ֹ״С磬һһɱֹɱĴ·ֶ޵˼ĳ̶ȣħ׵ǱȻ£辪ȡ
ǹΪӣʥ塣
߲
۽޴£㲨Ҳޣ𣿡
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ѩ׵ϸֳһϸСѪߣһϣʪȾľһСĻ
ѪѪ֯һ
ͬʱʹϮ
ʵûסʹϢ߶Щ㱣ǰһƬǺһŽһŹ䣬ǰͷӰֳ
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ÿûһᣬһ̣ӾҵʹɽХ㳯
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⻰˵ҪжɣǼ򵥳һ
ʯ쾪Ϣʱʲôͷˣֻʣ¶ħۣĭ㵳ʲô£㲻ǲΪʲôħ
һһ࣬ȫû˰ΣŲؿڣһط©µĺ֢
ħϢȥ֮б¹˭һЦһ
ħ£ᷢϹϡ
ֻһЩΪȶСɣƲԼħ/ңӶ䣬ɲħ಻˼Ļ
Ϊľմϱߡ
ûϸ룬ͽ治ɫصѪоĵĹЧҪʱҪһЩ
ץסص㣬üʣԣħ
ü˸ǡ
죬û˵ˡ
ʱҪʱұǡЩأ£û˸Ҷʲôرڿ鲢Ǻܺá
ףаСԪ׵ĻУԺ󣬵մбϢģõǰ
˵꣬תڷīɫǳ鲻ȥɣ£ǵЩ
µСԪʶʣʲô£
ɱˣ˵
ǰߴӰִͳɭ֮ⲻΡ
һӾ
˸ס



14  14 
ûüлͿԼﾲŵСԪ
һ£ֺܿػ
Զ׼ŵΣֻһô򵥡

ܿ죬ϳط
ô﷢£ġ
Ժʶͫȼħ׵ӣ뵽󰵲˷ɱ˵Ļ˻ĵһ
ħ֮ˣѪɱŹ֣ϲѪ
ɵϣһ֣;ЩԭΪǧĬϰߣ룬ȴΪ˶񣬶ԸС
ҲΪԭ򣬹ҪѪѹħ
ĺҹܱȰ糤֪һǶãͷɫδǺڳĵһƬľ⣬ҵˮٽֹͣ
ʵڲ̫⣬룬ɴӴһԾ£èһޱҹɫдֱӱȥˡ
ɽߵţɣͷһӣһ˼׾ƣԳ侲˴˿ϲ⣬԰ҹ˿ԳĹǽڵұûȥˡ
һѣʳָ׼СһĻϣü΢ɹãԴ֮ħˣּԵͣвоѪһ
ɣ䣬ЦҡͷȨԣٻ鱦ҵӣ궼ȹˣҲһʱ
ЩɫֽһĲ԰ףףԸǰŵȫ¡
Ҫȥǡһӣħ۲Ľڵ㹾˷ɣĻֱ߶
ɣתѾͷ£ȫ֪ˣ
һ֡
һ޵Ķ̵
ӿĸꡣ
ַܲĺڰӣһͷīɫݵĳָôϣ֪һЩ
һ£üմȥһ⣬ýĶˡ
ȥЩƣػصİ취
ˣ˻˲֪˯ǧ꣬ʲôħΪаԵҲҽȥƫƫôˡ
ڹûʲôˡ
۹úƭһ£ιԹݣһ¡
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ؽϣɱˣû˸˵ݻ𣬱ҲֻŷӴܵķݡ
ԵʵȨ֮£ȫȻ˼ίߣһףǹῪΪ顣
ŶɣüЩ죬ȻЦӯӯҲǣû˱ʳˡ
ǵǲֻǹĶ࣬ƺⲻ٣ȻϢʵȴС壬ǵ£˵ףҲԸ¡
˵ԼǱƭųԵͷȫԱ⣬Ͼ֮ʱ£ԸԸģһ֮䣬˭˵ء
岻ϣҲóȻţΪսҡ
һĲ壬ͳ
ǰϹ˵ˣߵϵǰ᲻𱲷֣Ҳ᲻ݡ
㣬¶һߣÿɷģô˵ȻұӻĴڡ
һΪù£Ͼӵԭ򱳵ۡɣǳЦ
ųʱʵеģż仯ΣҲ޵ģʮҲͺͷɣ׽һЩ
һչȥǡɱײˣȻβһ·
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ǻȴˣʵζ仯ˣڹڶͫע£һպϣųεĺȻͰ͵عؽǰһҲˡ
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˭䲻Ҳ˿ӣ¹ŨѹವһӷɣѣְͰ͵˹
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ɣšüʱ׼ģɵЦѵ˿׽㣬״Ҳˣȷʵ˵ӣסǡõأҴЩӣ͵ְֳ֮Ѿͷ龫֣۵úܣദգ֪ˡ
˭Ҳûϵ֮û
Ź˵
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˭ǲΪһɤӺ꣬ڷɣĿɿڴ˵һ
ʱ˵ǣ˵¶ԴжϣӦҲһԼе㣬ǿͷԼʶ˲壬ǣűߣܣû˻㡣
󼸰꣬ȷʵҲṳ̬̂ȣɼһߡ
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ͣʲôãĽⷨΨ֣뵽ģҲ뵽ֻҪһ㲻Ը޷ͬ˽Ʊɣʱ壬ܲסķɡ
ƶһ㣬Ÿҹǰɣ̾Ҫҩֻдͷ֡
ÿɷ񣬳ָ䲻̣ǵ÷ɣɻ̧ȴüĺлȼûʲô仯Ҷħˡ
Էɣȶ˰Ρ
ĪҪͬҿЦ
ҲûǿֻƮƮƳһۣͫлʢ۰ףΨĻתޱȡ
κεĻﶼ
ɣȻϳǺʶͫ𶯣ʲô£
˵ҲҸʶķɣѡ
һǧǰڳ˯֮УͻȻ֪Դʧ
ɣ꣬ϸϸ˼һᣬҡͷһǧǰҲδ֪кβԾ֮ħ˵ӣ䭱ѲӺͷڱչأҳȥæ
ǸʱδйӴһ𣬻ǰ¡
˰ͻͻֱĶģ۳Ĭ˺һᡣ
ӣɣĻʲô׵ģɫʣʲô飿
ף۽ǵĺò񻰣ǽһͷѪЩƣǿг֮Ѿֻ֮Уȡģ֤֮ǰǰ󣬸ι˷ɣ
һǽԶϣԴʣ޼ΪȫޣѰʱֻʣһˡ
ɣɲһ֪˵Żǲš
Ҵ꣬ȡģΪڲһձһ
ɣһȻŵʣʱ
ʹʱݣһе
˵ϣҲӦ˸ǡ
ˡɣۣڵЩɬ
ǿгأȻ䲻ãҲգıߣض׸Ҫûأֻжǰһ⣬ǻ˲֪һ
Щʵ⣬ʱԼڳҲ
һ뵽ǾʱɣֻԴǱ˼£ۡ
Լʮۣ֮ͱǿ˵֮ΣþҩΪ޼£ô
ŵġ
ǡǡʹ
Ϊ˼䣬мٹ˽磬ϣ޼ɵ
ɣɵ֮ʱһԡ
㻹ǲǵã˵дУʮꡣ
͵ǰ֮ѵɵ𣿡
ɹҲǲҲǸΪ鰮ĴʲôҪҲû˱ĵ
߶ӣɣȰ
˰üģʣҲΪ嶯ˣûӣŵħ
һռͿøߵ̶ֳȡ
ͷָβ¶ȱɫЩӣȴӦػأʱеľˮ޵ͬԴϵ˷ʱȵҲҵѪ˵ϣ˭ϣ
ɣóľɻ
˵⻰ʱ飬һϡƽʣãѵ
ԶԶԣԸƨ
ɣ̹ȻȻĿЦվⲽߣڣϾΪֻʱ칬ЩԾʱһûϸף֮Ƭ˱ʡ
ɣͣ˽ŲʹļףôûбʣʱݵĽ㵱ʱǿгأôôĽ
⵽һЩСķɣħƤز䣺ڣȫתħ֮Ϊȳ˯ǰȫʢ֮ʱǿ֡
ɣ˳ǣ»˭֪
΢΢ۣҪѪкڵħ
ɣȻΪħӰ첢󡪡ⲻ˵ʹһӣкڱȶˡ
ʵ̶ȣ޵ħѲҪֻ岻ӵˡ



15  15 
ΪԼ߹壬ħ֮ǵ׺ͣʥ࣬Ԣãħȴǡǡ֮෴ԨħǺڰģªѵǴ֮á
ƹħ磬ߵĴ·⼸ħסȻǵʵϱʾʲôÿÿʱǸ̬ȣȷʵԷɣܵ
в࣬Զ
УӹȻﲻǸദģϲŭ޳ȫƾϲã˼һһ޵ġ
˵ʲô
統ΪͳΪ
ڹħһħǼȨߵ磬ضٳݡ
ҽһˮõͷϡ
ɣŰ޷ЩζЩͷ۵üǸճĻ档
֪ͨǼȥ˵ȭͷӲɲСɣȥЭ΢΢̾ԭŽºƽ˵ףѧ˼һףעصϵѪγڣҲǳǵգôӣһҲǲܡ
˵ļɶͣһƷаܻӣҲˡ
Ȼڴˡ
壬ͬҲܲ
ħĹֻ»޼ɵǡ
ŭǧٱʼٸߵϡ
ǣһ㲻
ƤͫĻɢףǳδԨ֮ʱǼеĶϣһΣϸ칬ŵĶ
岻ϣʶ࣬⽫칬飬ȻһһѰ춯֮ﶤ
ɣôһ˵ɫҲһݣʣײʲôĸ֪Ҳӹ
ЦһһģаصĽĶ࣬ŵϢҲ࣬ҵʱˣ֪赲˴룬ˣܵϳ
ɣü룬ڹֽħΪСһеааɸʲôӡ
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16  16 
лҷƮƮɨ˷ɣһۣӺＷһ赭дصչʱˣûʲôӰ죬ЩӾܳȶ
ĬĬȻתͷɣ֤ζԡ
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ˡ
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17  17 
죬ʮ߲ɹ̾ͣӳһֺģʮɫͷ滨ҷǧڲ죬ǧ꣬˾
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Сң
һڳϷӭȥŭ뾯ӡ



18  18 
Ͽգͻ䣬ƽռīһѹֵĺڣʱڳľ˺һ޴ȱڣƺˡ
û̽ʵУûгƪ۵֣ʮıٲȻһ׵Ŀ꣬ͻȻѵһ˲һͷϡ
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üͷšúܽһ붼޷ǸζһС˵ĹС
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շ˵岻δüǲһ򾡣ҲӦһϵеǴ𣬻ʮȫ֮£ʣµһɲ㣬ǲعˡ
ҡͷԩͷծҷ֮ͬˣ֮ʩЩСϣҲûвˡ
ŵأЩͷذ˰ǣڵͫнȾ뱩壬ˣȷʵɵǸЩͷϣҲù
С
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Դ޷ܵľʹǰ˲ͺˣŬۣӷɣȶΧ˹еѪɫҧֵءȥҪɡ׽ˡ
߳׻谵֮ǰϡ˾໰



19  19 
޾ĺڰ֮Уݷδ֪ΣգʮɽһθӣһѲ󣬾֣һ񣬻ͻȻڳֱֻײĵ͵ħ塣
˲Ϣ֮䣬ȫȫֲָɽ޴غһССɽ
ɽһһĽƣӨӨɹ⣬ǳֺڰΨһĹ
ɽ룬һССļ̳ΧϿ̻ŹŤķģһһճĳٵа
ѹ¡¡ЪشУѩףֽվڼ̳֮ϣһֻ¶ıӥзצ㹻ĳ򣬵òڷâӻȻ칬㵽ССɽݱܷͷ

ԴӺסǵҪĬĬһ顣ͷǵļͷ˳ӣ£½ƣϢ̽ƫƧ˲ġ
ǡüһŨûƣǲѣǵðյķײˣһв¸Ա
ķЩƣذģ֣֮Գɹ׽٣żϲǶᵽѵʼĻ㶼Ų
û˵ֻǻյøЩ
ô˵ͨҲûʵôܲأ
֮
Բɵó˼֣ûбķˣϣ˵ʮͷӣɣ֮ͣڶſڱ彻ҳȥ
ͻȻѹƣ˱δܼʱԮٲ취彫ʧء
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Ȼһ˲ѹեļֵ£ģҪеˣȴȫѹͷϡ
ԣһƤң˵ʲôʲô¶ᣬѵзŭʱ򣬿һգǹɴС칬Ʊŷ׾ٵľʹгõԱ졣
ǵһأ
ЩίЩ죬˵ʲôͼУһǧӴͣ׵ۼϣѹ֮жʶȭͷ
˿̺һʩطüͷš˵ʱЩɬ
ԵİΣŴûٺ緽ŵĻ⡣
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вϮҲάֲסԼĵȻͷƤ飬ŭгԵʩط
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ͣҲӲ˦һֻĽӣ͵һҧ⣬һѪ罦ڽϣǵϢȻή
׽٣ǲܷġ
ֻӲ
ѾӦ˳ˣʮ
˾;֡
ղΪôڣѾ۾صˡ
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Ǻ״̬һ£Ĳδһӡǣһɫ˿ߡãֺһ̣ۣīڵ֮裬еϣȻһ
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ֵǣ·ǻͣڽƵģһһͷغڼ䣬ۣҲҴһ¡
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£Щ¡ʹطѾڵեɣЩСȹմһһţʮֲڣָҲûˡ
˵ģĿԶɹ׽ٳ𣿡ЩǰŲɵĻۼ˷ðĳ󣬱ЩɺͲȷ
ʻָͷٳѪΪϵѪΪŵǱԭݣһ˲ƹ

˭ȥ
˭񣬿˭
ͻһЩ֮ͽ
Ƶ˾ϣòѡ
ǡ
Ϲʲôǻбİ취𣿡ãĬĬһѪ˲գطٴȥˣʰʰϽ뿪
Բ⣺ò˸ȫĵطΪͻȻҪ뿪ѾΧ˽𣿡
ǣΪӣ׽飬һӦ
ǳ¡ͻȻ޺޵شߵСʯӣֻǸӣΪٵÿƫƫ֪ռλű˳ǵ¡
Ͳ񣬱ͻ˰ΪʲôͲܽλøǣ»أ
µǶ׹òã͵һ꣬Ϊ޼Ϊ̸ʲôԻأ
Ϊ㸶ôĴۡ
û۵ˣ⻰һĬվɫһѰףеϸϸһ֮
شԣʮ˷ˡһߴٵߡ
=======
εʱ䲢ۣһ۾ͼĪĲ
Ȱһ֪ѻʱ£īȻȥˡŹ鵽ħһط˸׽٣ͦƴ󣬵ȷǲǣӸһȥˡ
ˣһ¡ǻûãͷʽʮ쿪սѸ壬ֵúܡǸߣСͽӵһŸӡս飬Ҫ𣿡
нӹǿʵֽ΢˼ۣͶһߣҲֻŪЩ⣬Ҫǻǻ
Ҿ˵ҪʹֲǡҲ˿ˣ־ͼϵ᲻ֻǣ´ΣҪһǵǰͷţðš
ĿһҧҧܴܲǻɣʵڲУֻǸˡ
ҵΪͽӽޣҲ߲ȥ
С밲οϹЩЦıݣ뿪ͺãӻù㿴ң˶ٴΣӦÿ

Ҫ˵㿴ԼССŵģܸĻȻһ̣ͷ˲ԡ
һ֮䣬ȥֱСࡣ
˵ǰЩӣʮĺͯڣ߰ģ
ʿˮʣô£
ޣ˵ȥЩΪ⣬գգۣĸߣʣӦԼ忴ǲʲô仯
ȷʵС
ԭҰ˵ľͨͨˣԭˣҲӦһ겻ٲСȴһӰҲûܣǰľʹҲûˡ
̧ѯʡ
٣ò˵Сӻݡ㲻֪ǰʱһѪﹾ๾ðţôֹֹסһˣֱҪ񣬵ҲСӵˣſڲҿҲۣǡµؿڣָԱߵһӣվǣڵøһҲ֪ͻȻʲô裬Լϸһ˿࣬ӵѪõĶƫƫղˡ
˰취˵ǼͬΪ֮񣬾ѪЧҲѪǿᣬղˡÿ˼θι£ȻЧǲһ𣬰ҸȥǺ㰾
أҵѪǲõĴҩһߣҾͼĵγôҹ˼ɣ
ûûεسüŪۣȫû·ϡ
һɬⲻɫգ˳ȥһһ٣ͷĿѣһҪɱ



20  20 
λ֮ľѪĸӰɨһɶһԲµأŹͲĺɽ
ɵ֪Ķ츣أվɽۣ֮ɽǱľӭ졢̤㣬СԳ磬棬Բʧ
ɽ۵Сéݣĵططǡǡľۼ֮
СȸͣڷϴͲԶĽŲֻСۣ˹ƻë
˵Ҫȥħˣʲôʡ
ֱߵСȸǰ졣
СȸԴæͻȻۣ£Ҫʯ
ԡ˿ûԥҲûּۻۣҪ٣
СȸȤͦظƳڣʯôҲϽˣҸŻݼۡ
һӾδ֮ǰæ˵Լһƶϴ״
Ϣ
ƽʱ᲻ãΪ˴ǣ˵ˣǧҲҧճ
ʯ֣СȸͻȻϣ͸ǿռ´ҪⰡ
ռȻ죬˸Уչʣֻ죿
Ȱ⣬ᱻɣᡣ
˵ʲôһȻֻǱϾֻСͯģκεı飬żۺϲУֻ˵λһͱӡһǰͻȻСͽ졣
λʮ촫Ų࣬͸Ī˵ѹ֪һˣʮĳƺûһϯ֮أϵ£ˣٵÿ
ûҲû
񣿡Ƭ̵ãȻҡͷλأǰÿһʱ䣬Ҫǰ֮ΪˣҪ²ų
ǰԵӣԼ಻壬Ī˵˼ڱˣ֪񣬻Ϊĸչˡ
ͷɣīڶͦ죬ǳӡֲȶ׳ʧأԲû˵ҿ
ſռĻɹУԣü񣬾ûкġ
̫أӣһʱ֮̾Ϣ֪˵Щʲô
˲ãռ𵴣ͲسһħɭɭɽС
ʶ塣
䣬ǰǰɫܲÿɽȱƻһͿĿͣһ˲ʣʹˣ
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ӼϺһĺݺݵ䣺˶ģܴܵʱǽŵĨ͡
Ӹߣ˵ѹȸбͼǿټϴ˿鲻ãڵøһɫǹѹȻȻɢ
˶ܲеԶ
˱ۣǸն׽٣شȴΪ龫Ѫǿ˻ǣУͷһδ΢λ
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򴽣ڶһЩĪĶһԡ
ڲһŹѰСੲͬ˵ʱ֪Ҫ԰ɱˣᱻҭ
ߵǰѹȸһˣϵشϣü¹ؽͷԵСϵ´һ飬̫ˣܲҵºܡ
ôһ˵ƤһϽ֮䣬ɫһЩ㣬ģң𼱣ܣҲܲ˶Զ
ҡҡͷڸĳڸסϢǸܲ
ҿԽҳ
Щͣˣֶ֪ôͻȻǿֻأʱֺ֪õؽ䡣
ֻԼҪˣǰһء
Ϊ䣬㱻ӻԺѧˣڲ֡
ΣʱΣԳƲ죬³֣㡣
ϰ粻ӣôЩ죬붼Ϊ±Щⲻȥ
ڣɿʱ
ë£ԥ֣ഥһһȣˡ
ǵصħŴа⣬˳ӹдͬʱĴӡ˵ע֮£һ
ӿԽ࣬ĪֱԽǿҡ
ֱӡһһʱȫճһյԣ߲ʵĻ
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һ̣Ȼֱֱۣǰʮɽ˶С֮£ɴӽ뿪Ǻԡ
ذһУϢ׻͸ΣյϢڼ˻ɻУɫһ
侲㡣ɣŭͷ˵ѡ
ʵϣʮ侲
ݣ
һʮɽȻըѡ
ǺԶС£﷢飬ҲֳʲôĶֻСȵسɽƶСи׶ˣ޷̽ͷ˵ĶӦģŵˣҲ޷̽ʶȥӦ
ֱ󣬴ƿ֮Żëؽֱ壬Ӧһ̣һѪǲҽһǰһڣش
ۣһᴩóס
ڴͬʱҲ̲סƺһǣɺ̫࣬ٴó֧ζŵԱߣԡ
δԼԼĳУδ飬һֱӱԵȥġ
ǣԲΣգɿ˫ֺʮڶǰģ϶Щģնյʧ׼ͷ䵽Զɽϡ
һ˾Ͳ˲ԣǱ䴩һֱۣҧڵصʱӺͷѾ˸ǰ
ѱסڳԸԣһͨ쳹صıӰ죬һ֮£Բ㣬ֻǼӿʩٶȣɫһ˲ñȹȻ԰ס
ıҲûнӰվ
ĿУЦһһȭײȥ
ԵӰʧǰֲضҵǵ£Щʱ䣬һһԽ¾ȳȥ



21  21 
һСɴԼѣɫÿغһߵߣʥŮܲ٣´лᣬʡ
սԳƵϿֲ̫Ҳһƴ֮ղ޶˳ûԣɼκͻԵ
ͷ룬һʹҧҧңͫ׿նǣµʱ򣬺ߵòɣűȻҲѹƷԣǽʥŮึԱݣԸС
ǴδԼᱻ׽Ϊ֮ΪӪԶףҲţֶκͱ½÷
׷ʮ죬뽫칬ˣ֮󣬱ʽӶ֣ʧأѣţӽ㣬ʦΪ֣ͬϧͬ쿪ս칬ſڣ塣
ʮֵ֮ϢȥԼΪЦߡ
ʲôȥǸֳȣ
룬ͽ˾
ܽɫȹɨڵϣ֬ϣһֻͷתӨӨˮ⣬֮ԴԴɢսڣ纷ϣһգɢˮζϡɱ档
ͫ΢״̬ΪԼȻͬˡ
ЩѰĺöδóԼùʮ챻ŵСһֻ꣬ֻ˹ƻʱŻȥһЩĵرЩҲ֮
ǺĿ΢һ˸һģ
ܣȴ¡
ڣûΣꡣ
ֺαشĴµѰ
ǵײɵܿͷӦ˹ҽݵķӦü졣
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ǣңֽķס°ͣܿ죬ļϣָӡ
۽޴£ͻȻЦЦ㻹ֻֽⷨ
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Цûڣͱվһۣͣôʲô
ʦȻȥ˵ɣ㷽Ž˵ӵȻܵġҲͻȻǵĿ⣬ڿһˡ
գǱϻѪӣģǱ
ùı׶˺ֳܿܿ;Դǧֻӣؿʳǣͬʱϵÿһ˿Ƶģ˵Ҳֻͽ͵ض˶û
ǵһνùˡ
ֺ֢Ҳǵһظˣܣûôš
˶ȥȥˡ
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ʳָţԴԴϵ͵屻ɵҲࡣ
޵ħҪתһȤḶ́ŴüͷһۿȥٲȻѾĵµı顣
ָȴһֱûͣ
ÿһ͸⣬ͻȻڽ֣ˡ
ʱѾ˴룬ԣ֣ʣҵƽ֮𣿡
ҡͷûС㵱ӦһΪһġ
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㱾Ϊܿ͸ϣáͣһ˲ڸս˵Ļһֲذ˹ʩչǰᣬǱʩչĶǣҵģϲˣȻļʹʩչҲ𲻵á
ףڵͫű壬縺ڷ䵽µСϣֵ⣬ϲŭ棺֪˲ˣΨǣߵЩ
ԣţΣգͷ˿Ū°͵Ķġ
Ļ£ڵһº
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̫ˣ룬ⱲӣԲ͸¶һۡ
Ĭضǧģ˿覴õӣߵĻһ˾ǴδŮ/ӣҲˡ
ƵøЩѹȸصɽصѹϣĪɤЩָɣ᲻ĸоˡ
ǣôϲģӣǷһһִȴľսζ
ͻȻŲһϢʱ򣬹ò񻰣˵һ仰
֮ǰҪǸϹ̸ԺԶ̤
ʱ֮ԱǣϸװĵǺ͸뾡׵Ժ󣬸ûôԶ¡
ʱ򣬹ȵıϢգ⣬ߣīڣ
彩ʯͷҡҡͷü˾ƵģҲûзʱɴ࣬ҴδŹֵģǲͼģ
ǷԨ޿ռ䣬ѻѳģΪм٣
죬˵ˡ
˵ʲô
ʵµĶԣ뷨ģǱˣ㣿
⻰˵Լ̫
ӹʮ꣬ŮŮŮħֹǧ֮У⿿ģûʲô³
ٳٲȻʣ޻ɽ
˺ܾãȻͷͷ
Сɫ䡣



22  22 
üۼÿΪӵ˵ľѪ ǸСӡȫճ ڷ纣ɢڼ米ϣֹɡ
ʱ䲻 ˶ĽһǻƽʱЩССǿͷ϶һ㷭ȥˣӡ͸˵ ޲ָһָ˵ʲô͸ʲô
һ飬 Ҳˣˣ ̸ҲԷѵȥ̸ˡ
ͻȻЩꡣ
̫ס
Ǹ߳ģӵһϢСܲϴĶޢŮϣĴ
˯һ  ôͺ˰һˡ
һִֵռ ôƣҲǶħˣָ֣üģ ʣǵ˵Ļ𣿡
֮ǰϹ̸Զ̤ȻҲǵ£ǿڴѹһӰʣµ̯ӣԼʰ
Ȼ֪Ǹ˵һԳеӣ򴽣׻Щ𣬡ʵǸʱֻ꣬ңûϹ̸
˭ῴǵƷаܻ֮ˡ
ĮȻȻĲЩ
꣬ȷʵǣҵˡĿ㣬ΣЭ㿪̹ףֶɺ˯һطգضС˵Ϊ߳ûʲôõĵģܹ飬ƽ֮ǰǷĲµġ
˵ʱֺרעֳϿңȴһü
ô˵ǣҺϲˣң
ȻˣҳΪβңҳΪοڿƺӣǧټƶŲӸµɫѰף۽ǵȾɺѪɫһֻ
ңһ޴η壬ǿʲôЦ£ٿЦڵͫУȴȼ˵Ļԣ֪ˣСʱ򣬷ҪΧתƵʱ򣬿һ㶼ҡ
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ħˣرǶħĹǽͲͨġ
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ţһСָָ룬ʩƻʱҲ㶯¶ڱϵ
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ڣûҳˣҪҪȥ˼ˣˣ
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ȥ˼㱻ɵӵĲĬ죬ðΣŵǣһԽԽ˵ˡ
ҲûйϵЦеصģˣͺˡ
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˿ʯӶˮҲ̧һ˿ȤҲ᲻𣺡ֲϲ
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ţһһڣ紵֧飺ϲ㣬㡣
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Ƴһۣʣ£ƿأȻĪ⣬ҪʩĶ飬˰á
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˵꣬Цһ£ƿأƾסǡ
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ǱԨ޿ռѾжʱˡ
ÿһ̶Ǽµļ尾
Ϊϵڲ̷ܶǰ£û˿˿죬¿˵֡
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ΪһԼʱΣգʩѻ
ѻϹŴһѻ֮ΣգʩչˣʱбɵĿܣ˶áǵӡУֻжԸ׼֮ʱŻؼա
޸֮ͽֻͣؿŷʶ̽ԼľʹĿѣڱѪ
Ƭ̺󣬷һüͷΧŵļ˵һ飬û˵ѣ֪֪ⷨ֡
ȷʵֻҪǴģᱻ˵ǣƽֻ֮轫ҵ鼴ɡ
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Ŀܶдϣδֱһǰ˰֣ԽԽ˵ˡ
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ʦݼ㣬˼֮ĳ־ࣺԸ޽Լӽ顣
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Ҳ֣µ̬Ⱦ㶣ɿ췴Ӧü˷һʵ
Ѿ̬ȣʮԼҪȻӦ
ӹ壬з£Ƥ̶ٵЦһ
ʣƾʲô



23  23 
Ԩ֮⣬վñֱ ´ ൽ˼㣬ǷӦٶۣ Ҳ֪ⷬʣضǾ˼֮󷽲ġ
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Щã ʱ⸲һ⣬˲ԸĶ
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С˶٣ЩɳɳƣȻѾЩ񣬾Ͳٿˡ



24  24 
ǱɽɽУѾã ضǶЫߣ Щǡ
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ȻߵɱǵĻӡ

˸ͷ˵Ҫ˵Ļͱ˳ڲۣٽµԸλǣλãʮһܡ


ʮսеƣλȫϣɮ٣˭˭ܳͷĵ豾ǿɣ
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м˲Ϊʼ磬ǻǿô
ǰϵģ򰵶վͬһϵģ׵ľͽˡ߱˵ҲûʲôףͷһƬȡ
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25  25 
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26  26 
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27  27 
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Ķ磬һУգ³жȵΨʱۣӡ󲻺ãӲԼĿջأͬʱһһʮش⡣
·ƣҪʮ꣬һͷŻָ䣬طüɫصģذο֪ʮ·ر򵥣ħʮƾ֣СŮصǣ˳Ȼͺá

˫ڶ˵ˣ˻ʮֳֿСŮģΣգһỤסġ
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̾ô˵ʼǸ˲õȻصϣл԰ݷðݷá
˵֣ϲûôһɣһλӵĵ磬ûгɡҲЩ⡣
ɻشӺＷһô᣿
ҵʱȥʼȷʵûгɣԶ䣬˼
˵Ȥʣ˵ʼʶĽҪã˷ṦΰϣκԵ仰˵ܲɣɣҲǷ֮
ôĹҵҲǵõġ
ԣҲ֣Ҹֵǣʼ״ңڻ꣬˾ŴΣ±ģϰǶ֪
һΰĵûɣ״ң
Щҵأȥˣ
仰ʱһ뵽˲
Ȼܡ
ʱͶԲϡ
ʱûˣ²СЩ£Ӧǲȱϯ
壬ҡҡͷɫ֮Увϲһһɵ飬ֵôͬʱˣоϸʺ͵飬Ȼֻ֮ܿһһΣ޹ҲʼʵĻǡ
˵ϾûҲ͵Ȥû¶ۡ
ڰǰżģٵƽ֮
ʱĲϲѾ˼£еˣѾΪ˾ܾ
ǡ
Ѿ͸ˡ
ϣҹϨƣۿŴϷϸĻƣһתͻȻִϢվһߴӰӡ
Ӵϲȷϣ֪˭ˡ
ôˣħ𣿡ʣͬʱ߸첲쵽Ӱǰ
΢һɹӶһ˴ϡ
һذ£Сʩ죬ڷī㴹£׵ļ¶ײĵøС
ɫÿԼ̫Ѩʣռˣ
ʵͷҪƵӦйأԼһ棬û뵽ȻҲǴżӦĽ٣Ͷ˵䡣ΣûʲôӰɣ
΢ɼף˵£ƣ̬֮
ǿгأתʱ䣬Щˣֶ֮ħ֣һֱ죬ôǿ嶼ЩԲˡ
һ壬۷սеһƴģоǿռʶ
һӴ߾͸оˡ
һ˵˶ãͷ˶á
ģ뷢
ûɡ
ɣȻһ㣬ܹ˵ˡ
һߣҵ¡
ҵǰϲ˵֮ҲһϲҵǰҪҵºҲҪ
һ˵˵£ԼĹϵҲеģΪ֮䣬и
ԭ򣬲ͻ
ңǸ̫֮䣬ȷʵԵ
̣ڹһ죬ȥҷɣһܡ
ڰУͻȻڣʣҶòã
áʹȻԥػء
˵ϲ㡣ʣ᲻һֱϲ
Ҳػ˸֡
ͷȫ迼ǺϸĶԻʵ棬ÿ٣Ĭʮ㡣
⻰˵Щʲô
⻰ˣй
ӡ
ӳ޵بŵʱ䳤УԶ/Ů֮顣
˭пĶΨе֮ĵӣԶκǣȨ
һûáãһγǿյӣ롣
ɻ󲻽⣬ʣʲô
ü΢£ͬչϪһֱߣңȻһ㣬û˸۸㣬ѵ𣿡
꣬ҲüˣȻð˭˵ˣ
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ﲻˣ
Ϊʲôҵ¡ʮֵĲ⣬ʹںڰУûеƣ˿̵顣
⣺˭˵Ҫҵˣ
Ĭһᣬʣ᲻᲻ģ
ĸ㲻Ի·ˡ
Ϊʲô᲻ģ첻⡣
С֪ôģӹһ˿˲ίɣŸҳ˰죬˵Ϊŵӵ˵ҵ£ͻᷴҡ
벻ɣɣǳʲôɾĶҸ˵Щһ˵˰졣

е㵣ġ
ڣףǰƢ޴㣬ʮа/ţҲøꡣ
룬ವһ£˱壬䵽С
ɫ޳ָЩĿĵİ״ϣ궯ħΪº͵һУ˦˦ϵˮ飬Եɵɵؾ˯⡣
ҹܺڣйŵĺ̫ɵ
ʢµĻȥһָںɹĵط

ֻҪһһۣȻһܽժκϲλãʲôģ᲻һж
գҲû׵Ŀĳָںϣָᵯ˵ޱ֪˯˯˶֪ġ
һرֻ˯
ˡ
Ŵ΢΢ۣ֪ʶȤĻش𣬻˺ҹ



28  28 
֮ûж ʱ Ѿı ָͷҲ붯һ¡
£Ҳճ̡
˼һ꣬һա
˼ӣ˳ģ ȻʱʱĻЩ˴뽫֮죬 ܿ죬ʹͷ
ڣԹ˲Ͼ ׼һʮ졣
ֳصˣ
ϢʱںȲ衣
ҹˣպЩΡ
úõģ Ϻͷ ˷ڴ齱£ ȻͬɫϲŶ⣬ƿĸͷͳüΪߣ ס㣬ǲ䵽ϡ
ǶȥţԼգЩɻʣϿʲô
ҷĶ䶼͸ˡ
ҡͷûƣȴЩˣûУСŮʮֺÿ
Ļ΢㶣ȻЦˡ
һμôɰ壬Ÿ̫ӵݣôҲ
ŮŮòÿģ֮УɫֻһƤңöѡü΢䣬΢ůĺ£ò˼顣
ɿرۣһĨ糺Ӷɢ䶯£ĪصطСŮò綼ţȻѰŮɿԱġ
ЦŨһЩ
ʵҲ˵ƵĻͬĻڲͬ˵ȷʵнȻͬ˼˵ÿ仰ƨʮ棬ɷ£Īַ
һദرڡ
ͷѾߺӶƺţڽĺƣͷ˰ڣЩشսʣ˼ĺ𣿡
ܺһ۱ĳһСʯӽϪˮУ
ǣСŮ볢𣿡Щҡ
ҡͷ۾ҲϲƵζǲϲҴһЩȥ
֪ͲĹϵãȻŵƣ岻ã̫ҽöڵؽиҲǸţɹƾ֮ǿ͵͵ȡһЩ
ˬشӿռóʯϣҲģøǮҪ
һᣬȺʯΣЦʣСŮ˭𣿡
ֵܣˡܻصʵǰЩ꣬ҴӲ˲ٵĶȻһγܣҷҳ
ʣΪΣ
ĬĬһ䣺ֶ̡̣
ûϵչ۽üҶȾЦ⣬ǰʯ֮ڣȻãˡ
ҲСŮܵġ
գգۣҪ˵ͼﶸȻһ˲
ǰȵ˭
վڴǰںڰУӰɳһҡҷϲ磬ճԽ䣬ϲŭӣһ޷ܵѹϢڻӦŵʻ
˿־嵽ݹ磬ֻһϸܹ
ʱ꣬һĿ̹ǣ¡
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ʮգͻȫ׵Щָβĺ룬Լ֪ͨ
ƤݺһߵߣüʣΪλô죬Ϊʲô£
Ȼ˶ڣ˶ܿⳡȷģضǾ죬ټǸСĵӣʵµġ
֪һ飬ʮǴû˵ġ
ͻȻͿʼƴˣⲻʵ
϶ԭġ
˵üģֱԵֳֿʼˡ
ֳأһ³˰Ρ
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컹δųϢҲסˣһ£ͻᱻ˷ֶߣһᳯʮ췢ĹƣȻ󲻾䣬˦ȥƮƮؿһۣĮȻϣֳص尵г˴롣
ɫϣӲһ䣺ĵӣ漫󡣡
նЩģֳֻصϸڣûоϸ˽˳䣬ʣΪֳصˣҪȲ˦
ʮؽֳͣӡĶа֮Ϊ̫Σգ˭Ҳɽ󣬱˴֮ÿǧһ硣ֵħʱֳرλħţֵʱɵӹţֵ磬š
ǧֳ꣬Ȼ⣬Ǹ߸ϵ̬ܽǴͿʷؼǣʱֳس⣬϶ɺϡ
аʲôǻö֪ʮа/űʲ˵ĵġ
е֪ʣ㷽˵ֳĶĳַʧô˵ǲҲһ£
ô׾ͱãȡĥôֳҲд޲ߣֻѡӡѹƣȻˡ
ӽСԹ԰ڹߣֻιǵλãһϼþĶǣһãƫϵѣһס
ɲŮòϡ
۳ţƤϾһ롣
ǾԲͬġ
СݺΪԨΪƸûͬ⣬ֵͽ˹ˡ
ʹȻԤС
ǧˣ˵ȥȥˣ
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ͬ⣬˵һվǰҲ޲
˵ԼҲãûʲôá
һûͷƵƣ¶ɫ
Ȼ˲ֳصҲˣŹڴ£ʣǲˣ
ֲ᲻صǣһһѵģžĵúܣĴڣû¶ֱۣǽ۵ÿƼֱŵĴߣһûָѪЧȲϴǰȡһЩӦԺùһЩ
Σںڵĳβˣû£Щ¶࣬Դۡ
Ȼ鷳һˣһΪЩ¶ܣҼˣͷˡ
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룬ڵҼǵд֥ݣаϢãǸֱӳȥǿģ̫鷳϶ϲصˮݿйɸζ㡣
۾ѾˣֻӱһҲ֪ûȥ
˵ĻЩĽۡ
СŮʲôʱͺˡ
ദʱȻ˵ĿҲǾǵ£ҲӣԶμ
Ҳ
ǵǶĸˡ
Ȳá
֪֮ҲδʲôԣԹ̬ȷԽˣӣǿǰֳϢ֪磬֤ףƱصýֳýĿʧҲǵ𡣡
̸£ȻǱȽϺýͨϢۣףȥˡ
ֻǣжҾͲ֪ˡĵذа׵ָһȥһֻˣͻһֻĴ󷢣ʮս֮󣬹⼸죬ԾͶൽܽϢֻãʮѧȥֳطӡռ󣬳ȷ֤ݣ˻վҪ顣
ºӡ˲˵Ǹ
¶ࡣ
鷳
ûҪ
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̧䣺㻹©˸ˡ
бʾͶˣüʣ䱣
Ӻһǿ϶Ļش
ӣǵֳ˶һЩؿڡ
ɫصص˵ͷ˵䱷ǳ츳ڣ˵֮ڣͬУΨ䱿ɿһս
һλѾʶԼˣ򴽣λƽزɽ¶ˮ֮ȻʱߣһɣģҲ벻ˡ
˵֮壬˭ͼӣžԼҸģһҲǴʵӢۡ
ûǸ£ù˸ߵۡ
㲻֪ģ䱲ˣʮֵ͵һһԲͬݴ磬һλŷͶԵҲϲǱߵķΧǱߣҺ͹ǰÿȥߵʱ򣬶ȥ档ǰ££Щ꣺ѻ֮ͬע˴Ķضʱܵöϣǰ˵һдⲻУĺǿ
һ仰ͬʱ˹עӡ
Լȣĺ˵һҲ
Ϊʲôǵ˼ɽٵʱء
û취չʾԼΪ
Щյֹһڲ¶ǡ
ɾûôˣбһۣƮƮ»°ܽˣٺòܣֱӴǣһɣ
֮⣬ǿҲûǿ
֮УĴȡ
û˼ֻΪƨϰֿʼˣʮϵصͷԣ϶ûܴ㡣
ͣʵˡ
ڣô죿ǿգʱҿ϶Ҫڵģ˼ĽûжɹȥҲزʮ졣
ֳص飬Ҳиķ˦
ͻȻǷϵ⣬ָõۣʵû취Ļֻټٹ˽һˡ


˵õģĲЩˣڷ˼ʷᡣ
صдʼʵǼƪϡ
ҪƬΣʵ죬ͼһ㽫ʼʵƽԭ
ɲĶ̫ˡΪһ츣գŷṦΰĵ˵ȼʴļأȻʮֲڤڤ֮Уʲô⽫˴ʷп˳һ
ΪʲôʼʵƽȤأôʹ¿ʼ
׽٣һֱʮġ
ǰûûģİæҲ֪ΰǲָˣһ׽Ҫˣʵڲġ
ϴξͲŹ˼䡣
˶ˡǱߴ֮ǰǸһȥ˼ʼʰɡ
Ȼһ˵Ц
֮䣬ضĳϵ
ɿжȻ֪ôͻȻŨȤҲǽ߾ܸؼҰʷҲһڷ鷿Уġ
֮ڴһһӵУѰĳ΢ϵ
ù֮󣬽յůͣ淺һӵʯͤ˵ˡ
Ȼ˼ûʲô飬оҲֻǸСѾͷģֿɰûʲôۣҲǳ谮мӡ
ɡ˵
ԾӣֺһϦ֮䳤Ƶģٶ޲٣Ҳܿպķ绪ֻһ죬ͣͿʼ˵˵вסϴա
رϲ
ûɵһϲ
뿿һһߣ͸Ŀ
ƽһؼˣҲЦָСӻϲ
Ȳʲô˼һ̫̫ӵϢŻȻȻһΣװɵ
Ǿеġ
˵ų׼£Ƕʮ꣬ҲĲһСޡ
ʯϣ飬Ҳſ޸ĵС㣬ݸ߹׾õ黭鷨ڸŴԺУǰ۽ͼʶһͬеġ
ҲĽʼ𣿡Դսһ˱죬ʡ
û֪ʼʣæУ졣
Ȼ֪ɵŮܽʼʹߣ˵ʼд֮ˣưˮֵþӢۣÿ˶ӦԼԼұڷָæԼ֪Ķһ˳ӻ˵ʼʴΨһ۵㣬žʺ鲻͡ʮֵóĹͻȻȥʼбʹʺֺȰ裬ִΪʺ̫йأն
û뵽һ£׷ʣȻٷޣΪ˿Σ׹ҲŹ
޺ն
жĳ𣬶صĺޡ
ʼװĶЩʲô
ü˺һЩȷص˵ʱҰ£ڴʺ꣬Ļ̡̻
ʼʵĹ֮òʼ´ʱһѶģ֮󲻹һеؽӻع΢һ͸˹ݡ
ڻʺֵԴ׵ʱ򣬹ͻȻˣҲʮ֣ڹֹ¡
ʼʴŭԭʺ̫ն֮󣬴һΪʺǨ꣬ʱᡣ
ʹʧʼʷɿ¾ͼݱˡ
޻˵
аɣ˭ʼʺᣬ˭ͱŲð
ôȻʺǽˡ
ף⸴ӵϵУ׳䵱һĽɫ
ܲȥȻʺ󣬶ʼɰޣҪһٲɣ
Ǻҵһ룬뷨һγɣҧһ
ʵһֱ룬Ҫɳߵ£Żήôף޲ܽ
ǿռһλ鰡
ڣԼԼĶˡ
ɱ˼ʼأ
ͬʱһ֮˼ʱأ
Щ
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񲻿ʼʵԪ󣬵һǧ˿Ƶϵ
ʯ䣬˼ٸƬΣָ΢ɼض£ܿ
ҹԣе
Σ˷ɣ



29  29 
˼䣬ף һֱڲƽ ƽæųµ£ûնӵ ǲƽеúܣʱԺ仰Ķӡ
ͷ£ ߵûЩ
֮󣬺޲飬 ߵһĻš
ǵһμ̣ʮֲ⡣
֮ڣֻҲֻļ ųɻãֲǳϣһϦ֮ͻȻð
ھʮ죬ѪԽǿԽ飬Ҫã ԽҪĺͻԵ Ѫޱǿᣬ ϥֻһ̫ƴ档
̫Ѫһȣĸӡ
СϢ˵ʵ̫ճ Ϊĸ꣬ϵһżƻͦأڲҲ˵ϻһЩ׷ߡ
˵ǣһ
Ȼ֪û͸
·ĵһĩԨսķϵˡ
ҹͳµ䣬ֱƽȥȻᵽζ
ЩѴͷɣ֪жɵʲôҲ֪ݡ
Ҫʸܡ
ǲ⡣
ݣаĹż˲۽ǣ屻⣬ûͨ˻Щ·һ꣬û
ʱʱͳЩҩ壬֪ģһҲᡣ
ԼԳġ
Ǿôһ߷̥ȷʵ˲١
Ȼ߽е飬üͬصӲźһЩٲЩ˯ָͷˡ
꣬ȻѾɻ飬Ҳͬһ޺Ĵرߣڷˮٰ£Ϊ⣬βȻȻһ죬־¡
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ʧЦºͣСŮ˯ɡ
ҡͷֱֳӣӳͫУһſǣҲ˯Ҫ¡
ץӷεܣѾɿˣɣ䭻ҧĲҡ
֪ͲĹϵãѰʮĵطǶ˵ضԼĵСŮҪ̫ż׽ǧһأһεһʱ䡣
Լ̫ѹ
˵ģγ֪
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ôڣڽӴһţԽĵһ̣ͳ¡
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ڣʼʵƽ۾ܵǲûãв²⣬Ҳ벻ͨĵط
Щ£ԽԽңԽԽӣһź˼飬Ҫ˳ֻ֪ʼĩˡ
ϵҲȫΪ¡
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޵ݣӴ磬Ҳ޷ˡ
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һˣܶ±¶м֮׷ˣʦΣ֮ء
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Ͳµ˵⻰һûоóԾǲƵüأȻǿԡ
ûҪ
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ѻͲΪ֪ƵѻļУü
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ͨɣһѪͳֻʮΣΪߵٶЩΪ֮񣬾ѪҲ࣬һһΡ
շ뷨ûӦ˷;
á
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һǧ꣬ڲ𣬲߻ЩʲôȻһǧǰͿʼмƻضңʮ죬ôǻȡֳصҲͲΪˡ
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ˣǳ±ܾûسĬøã˼һޱ⡣
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̧˼Դǣϻи͸¶һЩ֪ϵı仯Լ׽٣ø˼ʼйأ͸
̹ԣҲף˼ʼǰ׽ȴ꣬мʱ̫ˣ˵֮ϵܾòԣ
˵ûϵʼʵĹ죬Ҳַ̫ߣȻû˵ɣɷ𣬻ĵһᣬֵңûƭҡ
ҲûǸŪ˵ġ
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ѾʱĲһˡ
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Ȼƣ
Ѿ֮ܳΪˡ
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ȻܻڣҲǸ漣ˡ
ڴͬʱģԼꡣ
Լϵŷ֮ƹȫעȥϣΪ飬һĹ£ʵǿɱʼʵҵģȫһСһ궼û޳С˵˵ţЩЦ
ȻȫΪ뾫ѪȻԣǿиʱ䡣
͵̧ͷ΢ʱ𣿡
ҡͷһʱ൱ĽʱǸСѾ͸ˣѰϢֻѰ
ʱӴˣտʼʱǵһգǧ꣬ʱе飬ΪʼȥֱЩ꣬Žָɣ̾Ϣһ˲ޱģôǿĸǸСɢҲؾѵһ죬ǲȴ˽һͬУû·ˡ
Сֻܷ˼˽ƺΪۻꡣ̧һλһֻſϵˣô㣬ԡ
治֪ġ
ȻŭѲӽ׽˳ֹĶҲܾһǲʮƽؾܾˣǰµʼʵɻ꣬е۳׵磬һһεʼԼķĹ
ֵǲأ޺֮ģŭ˲ǣǿ׽£ͬʱ˲
ԴԺ󣬳Ǽеˣֻ֣֪ǲ񡣡
ʮķ񡣡
Ԫˣûǳţһձһ׽һαһǿڣǿ֮ĩŲסˡ
ûг彩һʯ
˰Σֵƣɣ˵ҪԼˡ
ǲζţֻҪԼ뿪ܳŹȥһ٣ǹˣ
ɫҲȾ˵⣺ô뿪Լ˭Ը䣬һ⿪ӡҪ衣
뿪𣿡
ɬʣǾ𣿡
ЦŹ˹ǡ
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޷롣
ֻ᲻ǽֵĹؼֻСǺʱڲߵģ
ܲܣƽ˼ʶ˸ʮ꣬Ͷ˰ɣ
Ϊ飬Լ壬ʱһĶȻȻҲ࣬һ۶ĵģûС
۵̫Ѩǲ·ʱĳֻ
ʱҲ֪˵Щʲôźá
Ҳô嶯ˡβЩ죬ָĦŴܣһָױü
˼䵢̫ʱ䣬˵£ˡ
뿪ǰгȥ˵˻Ự
ʮλллչˣȻЩ
ЩֵƣŴȫû뷨ڷߺߡ
²ߣβ죬һӽ죬֪ΰο
СŮУҹɫٱ
̧һۣٿ˿ĶͶǳŰɣ֮ǰΪҰôɲҩҲռıˡ
ѹˡ󣺡ǲԼѡ·ˣǲ뷨
ʵûԭ򡣡ƵؿڣǰرʲôϣָŹڵ棬ʵ׽ֱ£˸һɵģ˻£˵õֵʱ򣬾ͿʼңҾ;̫ˡ
ϥܶ
ˣϴλι˾Ѫ
̫ˣﲻŵʮ춼ˡ
СŮô룿ݵĸɾӵݸѾŬˣʮϵǶ֪ҡҲ֪
ţСŮԸþѪҲҪҷУʲҲҪһ˼ƽϡ֪СŮսͿ̿˵ԹͶⶼ䵽ʮϣݹ
ˣӣļɢȥº㣬ҲմЩ
һһ٣֪СŮʵ紫Ű裬УرҲսģĶôȫ޹顣
ҡͷҵӲ˲β
ȥ꿴
Щɻѯ
꣬ڻһУĵطӦ겻Զȥ
ָЩЦЦӦá
֣صصһл
ȲֻǱһϣ
֮УΨһһλƹ޸顣



30  30 
壬
ƴף ɫƣĵǲ ࣬㳲
˿ҵģ Ϊ
ر£Բǵơ
ֳȡһ£ȾܵϢҲû֪ ȴ֪ôģǷɿй¶˳ȥ Ȼ󲨡
мһ¸Ǵ˲֪˲ ౾ԾԾƨ/ɺЩˮȵС壬ùġ
֪岼һľ֡

ǧ֮ǰʮ쿪սˡ
ıѣȴһҲ͸¶ǵɵһĺƣ˭֪ٸȥ ᲻ᱻӵѪ޹顣
£ Ȳ̬ ĺá
ǰʮˣɢһ롣
ôô꣬˶ ˳סѸٿ쵶ն飬ֻ˵һһΪ󣬲ԴΪͷԳֿ顣
ôۣµð
巳ʤѾʮ˺Ƥô㣬Լ㾡ȫٻǱ޵䱡
䱽ղŵ
һͱܴˡ
޳ֱж㽫¶쾡£վڴ룬Լĸ̬ȴݣ̬ɢƽʱûж
ĵλǿɱȣһȥߣǧ꣬ǽ˻ᣬžҲ˿ûܺĵλ
в࣬ǵԽ
ƴԼĳӣɫ΢ϲ֮У˿˿ŭ⣺䱶Ǹ˵㣬Ϊãǵֳ֣һȥǧ꣬һҲδϵȥʲôӣ
ϥڶ࣬һæùЦЦ˵Ļƴһ˲ɫ
㣡ƴؿʹ
ֻʱᵽ׵Ĳᡣ
ΪĶӣͷ۵һ
ӣҲѵõ¶˴Ⱥ͵ɫֹƴ濨ںڵ𱸻䱶㸸Ҳǹ㣬Ǻ
ҡ䱻еķ벻Ϊ⣬Ǹ˶
ƴ£Ӹλ꣬ϰ˷ʩ˸棬˵ѹӿ
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Ϊ֣Լѹδ䵽ϣ㱻׾ٵػˣ½Ǳ߶û
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ãϲɫļ̳ˣ͸㡣
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ڣֶһ䱡
ζʲô
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죡
ƴɫӣ³һ˿飬ٿ䱲ϲǵӣºЩε飬ӦҲţ£Ҫʱ򡣡
˭ǵ쵽ȥģãֱ⣬ضԼٸǺϼģԼ壬ûӣ
ƴֻһһٵѣܵܡ
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˵䱣Ȼʮ⣬䱶֮ţ˵ٶȣѳ˵ңʱգسɴϣú룬ӱƵģʹδǡ
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ҺôҲǸӣԼˣȻ飬뿪һģĿ޼ɵͣϣΣЦЦ̾Ϣϲأ
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شģһĳХ
УһֻǧӴģÿһëȼľӣе¶˲ɽϣɿݵ֦޻ȼһȳĻѻںϣ󻯳һޱ߼ʵĻ޶࿴ۣҪ˵궼ˡ
䱽ɫͫ΢УҡҡͷЦôʲôҲŸջþû˵ˣ׼
֣Ȼ򲻹ҪߣҲסеľ̯̯֣ɳƺЦ٬úܣˡ
鲻ƨϹŲս̬ǿᣬֲֻ֣ǶܿͱƵ޷ѡ
ҲϷģ׷׳֡
¼ӽսȦں䱿ɾûվŰˣһᣬͨУӳǧӰʹһһ£Ҳ·硣
ʹ죡䭵ӲһأѸ˳սȦﻹźս⣬˶࣬򲻹򲻹ʽսϲһǿһս֪˵Խ
黯Ϊ࣬Ŀ˱ӡ
׷ˣ˵Ҳû׶ΣߵĻûס䭴ӿռȡһݸ飬



31  31 
һߣƮƮӵ࣬ ü£ ״Ʋʣ䱣Ǿʶ
˵֣ ͷòˡ䵽䱵Уһͷ˿ˮһкͷʣ˵ıǼ⣬˶٣ ڵʲôʶ̸ ˹ıˡ
鹲ǧ꣬ϣֵߵը ίԼˡλħ֮ʱλħǽʵǿΥ鶨µĹأһٿڳԣ 䭵ʱһԿ֣ ճ
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֪֮ΪɰĽѡ
ҹദϦϵȻ˸׽һЩ䭴δùڹλӵֻƬֱգ˽֣ŵ֪ԭǾʶ
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ӣʵֺϡ
ۣǿʢĻս籡΢սʱȥ
ڣʮ죬Ǿ죬ԼͬսǰļžУʱضΪʽ֮ʱ
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һһĵ䱼ǿеκһ
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Ȼ䱾İã˳µذǿŵؾˡ
ǵɵİȴûˣ֪һ߶߶ʲô֥С¶࣬Ҫ
ƿԺëȻģûĵ㣬ÿȥأϲĶַǵñϰߣûһ˵ӡ
аɣϰˣվǰĿ¶ɵͱǲ㴰ֽ
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˵û˵ѾĬˡ
Цǳͫзӿޱߵɫ˵ҹŶѪն˵ĻпܾͶԱŮ˵ˣŮݸ߹ʵǿһ˴ñʮ칬֮Уʵϧ
֮⣬ģ˭˭/Ů֮⣬ȫƾ顣
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ţڵħѵ
Ϊ˸ˣϲĶ붼ʵ
Ǹˡ
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ʮŮ֮еκӽԴ´࣬Ϊӣ֮һ֮ѣƷеӣ֮Σˣˡ
ף絹Ԩۣ֮ת̫ˣ
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ɫ˱䣬ԼˣΪȥ֮ھʹ·ӡδؾͲܸ֪ڣһʧأô죿
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̯̯֣ǲ⣺Ҳ֣Ƿɣ׿˵һʣЦ˵һˣΥ
ָᰴƤϣЦһ˵Ҳ֣һ·ҵƤͿʼĸꡣ
ϲŭɫķҲɵ̾һǶ֮ʱҲһν
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˼䣬ƽ
Ըܵذһϣͬһ飬ͬ̾һʫϵõòˡ
һգۣ˼ʮȥʼûжƽҲû˺ɫÿÿϣذ𼸾䣬һƽϣô˵Ҷ
ӾˣƽűҵŮܱ徭ûˣǳסˣʼԸˡ
Ķò毺ãϲģȻȲɫҲǸиɫиĺãκһ۶ôľô˻ȥòƽռҹϲۡ
Ȼͨˣ֪ıˣҲüˣֻʱʱľ֮飬֮Ϊж಻
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ȶһȶĵСӣľĶͻϰ£䲻ֹ
Щദ˺ѣ˵Ҳûʲô̫Ĺ˼ɡ
ĸ˵ģЩˡ̾һĵ˵ʵ̫/ˣͬĻ¸˵ĵ߻ˣ۶һģһţģ
Ǹ½ȾԽͶŵȻܶٴҲʼС֮Уĸ˵˵ӲżãΪЩˡ
ЦŰ֣ʲôģ֮ˣֻȣֱڶ߶óš
ͻȻһɫЩؿʣǲǷѪ֮ϡ㸸׼ã
ҲͻȻôһ䣬ʵĸЩ⣬ʱ߶ԶҪͬҹ䣬׼һϲһδϱѪǿᣬһ츳׿ӡ
ЩѪϡģϡ
һ㶣֣ĺһƬˣҸȻ˵ʵֻǲϣѧ֮ͬ飬һȥһеġ
ʣΪΡ
æĹֱʻҲϲǣʲôװ׵Ĺǵ󣿡
ҡӣЦ۾ԵؿޣС̫ӣѾܾûɰˡ
һ㶣ǵǣСŮҲܿɰ
СŮ˼ҹĻ貵ǣ͸
ôá
Ҳôϲ



32  32 
ɰСŮ޲˯ڻУ Ҳ̳˲ƽλã ڳ㹻ĻȨ͵λܹ ˳˳ؽ꣬Ϣؽӻ
ֵһǣҲ֪ʹʲôӣɹѳΪ̫ͣ ûûҹ˵÷Ļ
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֪µˣʵҲŸӡ
ӡһ⣬˵ǰˣ Ҳ¶֪ǻˣ Ǿ״̬䲻ȶ 仰˵ʱܷ裬ʱЩʲô ˭Ҳ֪
񣬾Ǵ֮ȷʵԪˡ
УʼʵĹֺй뵣ǧŵ֮ţɣǰ϶¡µڣҲۼɾǴղһɻꡣ
ˣûа취õ졣
ԴͷǽǹѹסһӴģ嫵¶ԣչŲǹѹø𷴿֮ġ
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33  33 
ǵЦ⣬˻νѾ Բཱུ˰ ۣ˵ʲôû𣿡
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34  34 
ҲûܵȵеС
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35  35 
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36  36 
Уεյˮ ֪Ķһ磬 һˮеҡҶƬ ɳɳģϸ΢ңԶĵ
ʶɾĴϣ̬ɢ üʣΪʲôҪϲ
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37  37 
Ҷһ٣ʮֲ⣬ ·ʱʱ̶̿Цݵ ˪ӣֹһͨ Ȼִյߣʣڿô°ôܶԴôأѵûһţ
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38  38 
⻰ûԣһֳ嶯 ȷʵ ˵ˡ
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ôģôӦ
ĸôһˣҲ޹Ҳֹ
ƴʱѾˡ
ϲ飬һĿƺԡ



39  39 
ûһյĹ򣬾Ĵѹʮſڡ
ѹѹͷβһƬ
վھʯ֮ϣ Ӹ¸ һɨȥͷ ɱ糱ˮӣֱѹ˴
ǧ˵ע£һǧӴչӣɵɽ⣬ һͨ쳹صǧˣ˵
վλ һſʮǰħ ħȻĿϿʮ·硣
Ȼֲεսƾʤ
ʮǰ ƴ棬 Ϊף һӪ峤һȣĿˣ ʮλȫеľ
ЩϹҲѡ˻ˮ
һ͵˴ǰ룬ȳζƮ
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ֽԼ࣬Ȼ׵üƲѪɫָ΢һѹػͷ벱⻬Щնס
˼ľţǿŲһ
ѹ˵ԸϵĶ֮һ
Ŀ΢䣬ŤͷģеϲֳֳѬͷۡ
һ˵Ͷ˼ˡ
СŲЩƮķҪʼˣ̡
֣üģıڶڲס
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λɱۣһȥʮܻģ֪ûһ롣
˵ˣЩǵħһߴӮ䣬ʲô
Ҷӵˣյʤơ
ÿ
ǸԵĶ֣ȫѹƵģȻ߰˸ڳս
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׵ĳ֣ѴѪֹƤɫѿ
⿪սǰƻû˵أЩն
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Ⱥŷɱϲȿѵı
ôҶȥôãóɶɶʱҲǰģһ㶼ûء
Ϊ޳ʲôˡ
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ҶǺ档һУ˸ź⣬ܵѪɱգȲҪѪζ
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ҶͷʲôԾĵطĳͷǻû㹻ӡ
٣˹ϵã֪¡
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ԶʹкܴľԣڹУǴɱУܷӳʮ֮һͲˡ
һʵȻû˼
촽˶³һ

Īһ⣬ûüڷͼָһ죬˳˷ܵΧŹתȦĿضƴ棬һ޲ʱȥ˺ҧ˵ޡ
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û˵ǳǳϢȣָ¶ȴһ˵ĻֻЩ͵صó
˵ˣɿӿռҳŵšü˵СһЩ
սӹһʼ
糱ˮħײɢһʱ䣬㵹˲ˡ
Ѫζ߶ĳЩȷ
ɵ֮⣬콫һƳ˵ϣǴ̹ǵĺɫߣ˿˿Ѫɫ
ǰ֮ǰ룬ʮÿˣѰԼĶ֡
̣֮䣬ʱ֪Ҷʲôá
Ѱһͱ죬˷ۡ
Ϊĸж֣ûչΪеģûͱƷˡ
䱶顣
еĲһ䣬ǧ׵罫ûҲգôôֻʼտһϡ
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겻䱵ΪѾ֮ϣĳɳٶȣƿֲ
걻ñ׵Ĳ꣬ʱʼˮˡ
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ˣûĻһ¡
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г޲Ž𣬾ͱһֻǽڷָסˣɫǳûʲôֻسʵ򲻹
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ദûеĬ
ħ£𵱴֡
˵䱣˵ʮȻػһĿꡣ
䱱ϸڴ̵ۣǵϸӰһȭ䱬һǹٵͷгһһţ֮£ܱߵҽжûܷһͳױۡ
̾һչӣݵݷʼѣķâ¶СԸ˲ˣȻҲ˵Ļˡ
䭲ÿɷ治ɫؽӣţܹԡ
Цۡ
Ӱײһ𣬴쳣׺ݣȫǲҪĴ򷨣ײ䭵ǿ
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ɫأȻ۾֮ϵĹƵЩǱȥʱռϷ硣
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ļٵģʺţ˿䱣ϵɵɫѾʧˣȻ˸ס
Ҳϲ䭲ص
°ͶҪ
˺飬ҽ죬˺˵ƶˣգսһ̣ХϯԴһ˲
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桢˧
βֺ
̾һת°ͱ˵䱣΢ϲϲϲ֮˺֮£ҽ죬ҲŹ㡣
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ǣˡ
һ֦ˣ΢΢պϣ͵΢⡣ƾճսЩȥıѪԴԴϵسӿȥѪԽ࣬ϵĹâԽʥࡣ
һĻͨ
Ŀ֮£ǶڰԾһȣβֺķ׹䡣
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һغϡ
䱾·硣
һһֶ໰
ڵսֻ±ҶһЩ
ˡ
ʲôƷֵĺôţơ
ͬһʱ̣۱䭵ĺеıɱɱβСͿϡ
ܺá
סˡ



40  40 
ܸ֪״̬ģ
ĵسУ ⣬ ͻȻͷ˷裬ʱ չֳΪϹ֮׵磬޻ĹͻȻԾ׻ÿһ˲
һΣ ʸ
֮ǰһ ׼ôסֻǲķƳһۡ
Χм䣬峤Ҷ ˣ㣬궼ûսˣʹһΪڣҲûǹӭǿжϵľˣ Ҷ Զ׼س
Ҷ ͬ䣬Ϊʮ飬ڣξΣ ˿û˥ǰףˣˣᣬңڣһҲʹ޵ĵ
顣
ǲ
ǵ
ڣ㹻ʵԲȡ֮
ơŭȣǧӴľƽǵ޻ļʸץģָڽ뽫Ǽʸ𣬵ϵǣεķûǰЧ
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ҹԹԴ⣡ȣƸ͡
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һαǧɣ䱽Ų֮һƬǽ壬βֺ̤ŷ棬ƽЦЦԭʵ࣬ײˡ
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˶٣ʶҡͷҡŷڿԼ
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ͷҡͷ룬ʱˣʲôоͷųɣһһէеⲻסš
Ю׵ĺ⣬Ȼ󣬲ðҵĶֻͲûбǿһ˵
ðźâ飬Ծ䭵ƮС
սϣȥ˵Ѫɻ꣬糱ˮƺƵӿ֦պϵĻϣһĨѪâ֣һˮһ׼ޱȵصε˹ֱϡ
Ʊǣ˿ǰĺĿڱ䭵ĺɹפδֺӡ
ûжҡȥľġ
ִۣ֣С



41  41 
ʮ˼һĻ˿ ľڹĶϡ
֪ ʤͷϷѾˡ
Ϳƾ֡
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˵գеȴѿ һӰ֣ЩѪɫĸɫĳϣֵĻᶼûУѾһεסʺ ߸ ڰǱ
ʱ Щ
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еѪɫûȥϢȣϣ˳ĵ󣬵һޱɷŨīڶЩԲ
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ǧӴ󷨣˿ظֳѪɫĹ·ÿһ棬ӿޱ޼ʵجī鳹һһٵΪɱ˶񣿡
ֳǵİƣűеһ֮شӻóһСƿοƿƿ΢΢бڽɫˮҺճ˿ƿһֱǣ·ϣƿĶ꣬˶䵽ϡ
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Ϣ񣬸Խ䱸ΨҶɫЦҡҡͷ
ôһҲû
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42  42 
ôĸλ֪ʲôгܿܣ ֪֮³ òȥ
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ҲӦøɴࣺԡȻ˵ˣʱûѵл꣬ô޺ʮ콫Ծ켰׽֮ǿ塣
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á
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ĪΪеһף̫ӿɷϿϷһبͥľٴ֮Уŵһλӡ
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Ҫʮ˶ţһᣬͷȥˡ
ڹۣϸ΢ЦʱӦһԺ𣬶͵Ĵڳ·Ѹƥغϡ
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Ϊīӿ֮ϣû
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뿪ʱ򣬺ĵһ䣺һȥݷõģҪǻţǧغһЩ
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ķʣ˾ʹˣ㿴Ϊ飬ɫ𣿡
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һˣЩ콫ȴ޴ӣǱһϵеķתͷת򣬾Ÿ꣬ɵ㶵վԭأħɵۡ
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ûĶӲͷƤ壺Ҹմ߻ս˭ҲûϣǶһһ١
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ҪҴء
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43  43 
䭺䱱׻ɵʱҶ鶣 йţ ʵҲģص飬 ͬħ磬ϦദģŮӣʲôܣ ʵʲôҲҪ
Ĳɣ üˣವһӣߵǰ ʣͷû˰
ߴϣһˣ۾Ҳģ
ͦεıǣЦЦֹ˭˶ˡ
˵꣬ ˻һ ס˱ǣ˿ڡ
ⳡսУ ԩ
ƤµĲ˿覴ãģ ʣҩݵľƣԻʹħģҪ𣿡
⻰ȻǶ˵ġ
ƳһۣӺһ
ǽս䱵ɫЩףЦЦȥҶ˵仰ȻࣺͣŮ£ౣء
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̷Ϊ䱽УѾ죬жΣ䱴ʱȥֲá
΢΢ЦЦ棬º棺£֮䣬һҪ㣬ˣ˶˲ҡ
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ϹŲ֮ݣҲʹΪѪ׷ϲ
Ц⣬ػ˻֣ˡ
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洰Ӵ󿪣÷һڷϣɫ̫ÿ
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ϹۡĻߣƮڷÿһ۶ʮֵҲϣ´Σǽ̸ݡ
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յĵУɽɣº͵ڹҲסϣȻ
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챻Ʒˡ
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۾ڵúúõĸ첲ϳ˳ʣ˵ơ
ɣЦҡͷԴů⣺أһˡ
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СȸɳվļͷţҴġ
СȸɲݷߣŲôĲڣɣ˼ʲôڻʲôҲЩȽڡ
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죬Ĳ졣
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44  44 
ĺɫ£Ļƺ Ʊı¶Ȱţ һһ£ԾĽ໺ʵ һСӣһʱ䣬ش
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Ĭһᣬץ֣ؿڣ˲֪٣Щüڵô죬һΪϲңѾϲˡ
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СȥеΣеʧ䣬ʮֲϤ˶٣֪뵽ʲôºͲ٣ϲһЩźãֲ۸㡣
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45  45 
˵ֱɽǰ Ъ
츣غܶ࣬ ǸǷɣʱ Խ⣬ʰ޳ģĻƣҩ಻ʤ ˮУ˵ Թޱȵ۹⣬Ҳ˵ʲôë
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ȻɣĿƮƮ˼
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ȴûй˼ҵĸܣȥ֮ûµһ·ϣȷӦʱѾˡ̯֣ͫ׺ڶµ覴õСϣЦʧȡ֮λβεĮȻ֡
δ̫ƴôһˣҪܰȻ߳ɾΪ֮Լǻ칬֮ΪҵǣҺҵȥ˾ţϧ粻ۣ֮㵱Ӧҵģ֮ڣ׽٣Ҳǿտڰ׻׽٣ǣ֮ҵң˾Ѫҷ¡
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Ȫ˵ϸ̾һԣܲṶÿˡ
꣬ҪˣȥˣܵǣҲܴͷһʱգЩ/ϵĿͷôġ
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ȪͲվһУ֮ؽҶһЩҪעĵ㡣
ͬСĵؽ飬ŵԼĿռС
ػûˣԺұĶ棬¹ز϶ҪǺѡġ



46  46 
ȪͲ֪ܴûô ֮ ˼׻ˡ
ʼ ΪԼ˵仰ọ̈̄Ȫ˵ó;֮ ɫٿؿȥ
ùﵽʲô뷨
㹻Ҫģ ðײá
Ҫ𱲷֣ỹȲأף ʮ죬á
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ɣۣ ºͣǰҲ֪ӣһʲôģ޲ܰݶˡ
һˮ ۣոյõ飬˲٣ɣ͹ɫһһһᣬЩԾǽĲյһţʣôˣ
죬һ棬ǴܾǸ԰
Ƥ΢ƣƫᣬڷһɢŮӻҪò֣ȻĿֽƻ߰˰ˣȥΣյòˣɢĺ
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47  47 
ڴͬʱ죬 ʮ칬 뵣ҹĻ£ Ƶǧյշµ칬صأ˿Ҳֻʣ˵į
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һ˸΢ļյС
С󣬱˽ԣĸĸһԣ˳ɻɪƣ̳Ѫǿ۵һҡ
Ψ֪ĸξȴһ̫ʮ칬֮УӣȴòΪ׵һõߡ
ڣѳɣƴµЩ£ˮʯĸҲڿԷſ֣ȥԼһֱ¡
ͦõġ
зɳڰУΪ֪ĳһĻĻƴ洸һĻҲ˵ɫܵγˮ
䱿ϷһĻعţ󣬼鸴صУۣЦŶͼͼΧƴʵһֱˮɣκθصúãݲؽĵص̫ΣһֱδԸϣպ̫ͷͷϣʼ֮
һ֣֮УЩͻȺңٿǽԼδŮӼ壬Ҫһˮɷ̫λãǾԲӦġ
һѪϱϡͬȡ
ڣһ²
ߣһ´мΧȷϥϣҲѾʼ
Σ䱽żȥһۣѻ߰˰ˣٳʲôˡ
ߣ˭ҲסЦú㡣
ôŭЦૣҲۣԭԼҵģѾ˿ʵˡ
ӣ̯̯֣ؽӣƷУҲʮֿǡ
Ҫ֣͸֪˺ҹƲϣһǿϢݷһͷޣϾҪʩʩȻ۾
ѹ˵ӹδڵڶϸܹȻ˾죡
Ϊʲôʲô֣͵û
˭Ҳô޼ɵ
ע⵽ЦЦ飬һһʣģ
Ц˻еż飬ʣ򲻴򣿲Ҿ˹
£òһʣôҲ峤ģļң
Ц⣺ĸ߳ģĸģľǼҡ
գţʱš
ҲǣһԼ¡
ʮ֮⣬͹ֳΣһƵᣬĿ϶һ£µתüʣȻû
µתʣˣ
ǰ֮ˣһ˷ܣضزס飬ζƤְֳ
ҪǷǰô첻һ
ǳһܡ
ûСӲػء
䱲ΪЦЦǴӻȡż飬Ӱ̼ʧȻۣڣǳ˺˵ϣϾ죬ֳء
һأҪԪˡ
ˣӦˣ˵УҲĹ͡鵭Įϣб£ԪȻ³Ҳ̫á
ҹģ壬пġ
ʮûлģǲɽ٣һζԪǱһֶΡ
ǡɣ䱻ᡣ
ǲһĻ
һ·ϣرɽ˰죬ƲסˣʹΪʲôû

ǣװûһǸл˵һЩ
Ƴһۣٴظ
СЦһ£˸ƺʣΪʲôû
һɹΣؽһ䣺˯ˡ
䱵Ŀʱ̫ˣɫҲãսЩʣԵˣ
ü⡣
˵꣬ԼҲòˣǻᱻɫԻˣ/ʣڹϣôôΥͣ΢һ룬ʹ߷ֵ֮⡣
ﲻ֪뵽ʲôתתģȻ
ôã˼Ҳûģ˼Ҳ˽Ů˵ġ
ĩˣĹļͷĳǽһЩӲãס
עֱǵˣ䱻һЩڷɡ
Ĭ䱶ӣʼ˼ƺ⡣
յؽأȺˣʲôʱʼǵسƺģ
ϸϸһ䣬ڽС
ôһ룬üͷ޷Ƶ
ȥҪúø˵˵¡



48  48 
ȷʵ˯ˡ
յǳսԣ̫ һսƤڴܣ Ȼɣ˵£ԣ һͰոմľˮһӵ˯⣬ȫûˡ
Ȼ˶̱ˡ
סĵط и֣ػ졣
ӵĴʮֺã ƽز˯ֻҲһ麮ף ͷʮϸɴޣȥ˼Ȧָͷۣˣ ùӿռְһų ᵽڣ Ϊʱ齡
ҹøһȥһʱѾ˯ųһţֻ¶һë޵Դ
վڴ߿˰죬 ջûаѡ
иë˼ϰѧ˸߰˳ɣҹҪ˯ģһ˯ٵʱȻһѣܺ죬۾ҲƢ˭󣬻ˣʱʱͱԭϹš
û취
Сһ
ʱһ꣬ٴθܵΡ
е㸴ӡ
ȥסĵط
ҹйҶˡ
ҶٴУʼĩ
ҶھˣƽʱҲţȺȲ裬żһȥȺŷܹϵǲ
ǰᣬʮŮ⡣
ҶŴ֪ϲ飬о˵ҲǺѺãģҪԪôٲģǱģͱˣЪġ
ЦЦ̧⴫ϢٶȣҲġ
ҶԸŮΣ칬ЦŮֳɽⷬģظ񶾣̰Ĳ㣬պ󻹵ôû֣ͲǽƽĳˣǱϾ塣
£ǵһͬ⡣
˵£ʮֺƢʣ˵𣿡
Ҷ΢̧뿴˵һʲô
ȷʵϲЦ۽ǶȾϸϸĹ⣬ϲҲǷҪһ𡣡
Ҷϲ߼ص䱵ļ磬ȻˣȾƣ
䱲֣治ɫƾˣﰵĴҾС
ţǸͬħħɱҸ˲ġƮƮؿڣھӣȰڵĵ𣿡
ԭ˻ĦϣһֱϢںΣҲ˳ͬ·ȥֻСôһ˵ʶü⡣
ϲ
һӦܡ
ֿʼˡ
ָָС·ͷ¹յС¥ʣסû
Ҷҡͷ
ףǱߣڷУʱ䣬Ҿסǡ
С·ͷһƬ֣һҶƵٹⲢպùռС¥￴ſտҲ˺Щܵ䱵ϢϢ˿ˡ
Ҳû߽¥һδǵľϣɫͫڴ˿Եʮᣬ޹ԣڵһҲ˵ģЩʱ䣬ۡ
ҶƮ䣬庮˿˿Ǽ䡣
ۣһϢֳӰüսͻˣ
ޱߵ鷢ʣʲôʱҵģ
סϢҶҲûв
Цʲôþȵģֲͷһˣӣ·Ǹɵ𣿡
ĬǴʱķΧãûƽһ˵žߣƫͷĲգࣺʵϴ˵Ķԣ׵һֱڣΣģһ£ΪҲһЩ
רлҵģЦʮֺ˿и߱߱ĺݾ
鿴ţͻȻһ䣺ǰ˵Щʱ뵽ĸ׺ĸף
ǡ䱴ʵǸʱȥҵĸס
ͬһָ񣬻ụϲġ
˵ǰһʱ֮䣬֪ʲôζüЩӦİĸоЩɣ˵ǰˣ˵˵Ժ㻹׼ȥ𣿡
չӣº͵Цǰݲˣ֮Ҳ֪ȥģ徻ɣͦ˼ģһһͽܣʱ䣬ҲȥҶҡ
ҺҶھӣý
ͷӦã֮ոǢгΪһΡ
ǣŲǱߵҲûжӰܿʧҶ֮С
䱿ǵϸĺӰ΢΢գƿС¥š

ʱѾˡ
ػﵽɼɲҩӰһǳҩ㣬סֶ֮һζ㣬ζһ𣬲Ũңʮֺš
ռ˹Ĵ齣ĵطŲԱߵСС
ŵ߽ȥӿһɫĻ棬Ĵϣ˯ˣۣɫůף°׵һȾ͸ŵС
ˡ
ߵǰ˺һᣬ׼ԭ·سȥҲ
Ÿתͱһסˡ
ۣΪ˯⣬ɳƣִһ㲻ıԹܳ
һ£ǳһΪء
˯ͳȥˡ
δţ΢ӣ⧲Ĵǰ
һᡣЩ΢ıֵһֱ˯ȣͷۣ
ľܾͲػΪԭΣԹԵİſڹϣûжˡ
ɢۣ˯ȥ֮ǰûֹһ㱡סؿڣֻŴһССĻ
ѵʱ˯㡣
û˯ϰߣվǴǿ˯㣬ȫûаɵӣѪһأȻ˯ѵ£˯ôá
ӱñֱɳƵػһ
֪ʶʲôͻȻ֣˸û֪ĺɹһƬ׵Ĵ̣͵ò񻰣

Уֻʣֻ߽ŵʹδԵıŤܿɢˡ
ĩˣ޶ϣҧЦˡ

ѣػѾûˡ
Ҷסĵطʮľ԰ŽԲţȣ鴮һƮ㡣
ԲϣеƷ裬Ҷںĳӱ߲㣬䣬˿ûҪæ˼
֮Ҳˣϵ
񷢳׵ĹâŲæطвյһ˯˵СɵеСĶأ
˿Ҷ촽΢ҶǷһٷ컹ˡ
˻ʣҪ𣿡
ҪҪҪģһ´Ӵǵȵҡ
ɿڸ֮żҲ᳢ʣͼ֣Լ׼һòˣҶƵģ̳²ˣʲôǿ
㵹ǰæҶ׽㣬׽ֻ伦ȴһ̻ۣôֱһ̱ڹϣθ֨һ΢΢ֱҪ
ף庮ҲҪ
ôҶһ飬㲻ǣ߰ɣ
ݹϰɣ˼ǣǽнͯŮǡôǣǽɶҵԧ𣿡
ۿȥһߡ
Ҷǣ̾һԼĵͷɣԵŮ˼ϲ̫ӣЩԼ
һҰɣ
ǲ㵽ôģˡ
бƳһۣ΢΢ѹվӸµҶȻ໰
ҶͶУң˭Ҳ˵סӡ
еڰŽ£ָ˵ľˣڣҾѵޣһһ֮ģĿǰԲö֪



49  49 
ҶԼһ裬̧ŵĹݣ ׼ʲôʱ
ָòյ ɫް˵
ú塣Ҷҡͷ Ҿ㴰ֽͱƣɣţǼ⡣
˵Խƣúõˣʱ Ҳģȡ֣ ôԽ󣬷Խˡ
ڶûʲôøУǼĮ֮ˣ ɣŲȰ⣬
Ѷ£ԼȥΪ Ҳƺ⣬ ת йغ򡣡
Ҷ̾Ϣ˳ʩýȳҲʵ ԭҲǴҶ֪£ƫƫи졣
ҲŻϺ;쿪ս£ûúʹ㣬ġ
ΣָΣ
̬ȣȷɣ˺ϲ٣˵ЩҲػشһ䡣
ΣΣ֮£񶼹һܣں쳾ܹ棬һգعʱҲǹˡָʶԱһ죬һƬգѣü
ΪͬһԴһЩСϣһ֮һֻ۱һֻۣҲҿΪƻ򡣵걣ǼޣٳָԤһʱо棬Ҳħ˼ǧΪ
⻹ֻǸ档
һ֮Ϊ壬̷ҪǱڵĹǿһЩġ
Ҷ⻰е˼ǲε׽٣ֻܿԼǿҲٲ֡
ʮճһλ죬ľͿԶȥ𣿡ҶüЩ棬ȻɣôһżδмأǰҲδ£Ǽ٣û
ԡ΢Сɷɣ嵮ӵԣɣʱʱѪٲãҲǸһع飬ֻݡ
Ҷϸϸĥе˼̾һ񰾲ùȥȫɣǰصȸҲˣҪжֽţֻʮ죬ӴҪˡ
ɣи飬ľŸмģҲֻ죬̸飬̫ˡ
ɷڿǶԣʵʵʮֵܣɣҪˣǶԣһִѵıѣ켴ʹҲӴ˱ʮڲ
һ÷ڿΪ񣬸ܲ˰ֽŷڿķɣ
гĹϵһȥͲٻˡ
ѡȫڷɣһ֮䡣
ɣֻƻ򣬴оȴ룬Ӧ֮һ궼ȻҲнյҶ̾СλҾ;Ծϸһ룬֪˼֮ǰҶȥ̸ģ㿪ˡ
ȥġ
ҶɣǷɣ磬ƽ֮ͲһԼλճø졣
һɹ飬Щ֡
ҿɲǡҶһʣ;ͷƤ飬ǴΣŵòᣬȥ֮ϸϸ룬ȷʵⷽûʲôȤҶԣ𾭣żݣ֮һ⣬ҲȤ£ʮ󣬻ˣˣҲõˡ
˵Ȼֹ
ˡ
һǰһںԶʮľ롣
Ҷ̾ôҪСһĹƹ˵͸ˣȻˣֲ䲻ȵţŤҪҲ֪ôġ
ˡСҶϵѪɫʵøɸɾͣ½Ųŵһǲȥˡ
ͣ½Ųߴɫߣģʲôǵһμʲô
ССŮͯģ۵ɰ۽Ǻ죬ʱضʳһһҡͷͷľԱᣬ֪жСЩӣôЩˣһߡ
ǳս鼴ʹǺɫЦСû䣬磬ȻͬĴڡ
ǶָͿҷ
ڣҪһԷ
Щĺѡ
СصϣǰЩɢЩʿˮص˵ͷ
ҶæΧԲ£΢ۣ˯ѵ״ָ̬ߣһ½һ£ϵѹûпѹơ
С۾ֺˡ
еΣ˶٣
ָ
һδʲôĶ
û취ֻýԼɸСô¡
ʱ򣬼ۣϵѹʶͷųԴУСٲãҲвһƹֻģᡣ
֮΢̫ܲסѹ
Ҷࡣ
һ̣ۣһƬ˯⡣
ҶЦ
Ҳǡ
е£㲻ʣôˣ
øǰͷ£ָ˵ߵΣԼࣺ
ĬĬܲ΢ԼϢ͸֧꣬еܲס̫
ۣЦˡ
С
Уû
רŴ
Ҷ³Ȼĩˣóһ̳˼ǧһƣһ㣬Ҷһ¶ֱˡ
ҪҪһζҶƺͱľƲͬζңˮ࣬ġ
ܿ춯ģͷЦ۾ҪģȸһСζ
̧ͷʶЩСҪҪҲһ
Сµȥ񣬲ޱؽԼСƱƵǰ̫ܺࡣ
ϾһŴٺ棬ʲô¡
ڿܵϡλദʽֹ֣濴ɣһ̬ȲãһӺСƫƫܴһ𣬲ٷҲὫ˸ˡ
ǲ֪ȹ׽٣᲻ߡ
˵𼴽׽٣ɫ治٣óûˣְѷɣ´ŵļ˵䣬Ҷ֪û¶ʲôԾı顣
ɫʮ־ˡ
ô£ļٵģŤͷ㿴ŷɣδ޺ˣǵв̣ǳһƻꣿ
ôôʶĵӡ
Ϊ˵мһˣȫһ¡
ҲϣĵбƳСһۣ²ص㲻ͷŮҲֻһֱ˼չ濵
С৵İ˸ס
Ů춨Ե֪
˭Ҳ֪ʵŮйӴ
һһŮӡ
һ𣬺󾢴ٺȾƣ̰𣬶
ûһյĹ𪾫µСϷһһɫͷһȻȻؿڹļϣץϵŵ棬ȥģָֻ޵ͼͻȻǵ̸ʣ㱾𣿡
Ȳı廹󡣡
һ仰ˡ
޲յüϸϸع۲ʮֳͼȻһ̧ͷȥ˯ʱоϵͼʱܾÿ硣
ôˣٿͱˣ
ŴĻ磬һ仰װס
ӱקţҲ棬СҲֻ֣Ǹ󲻳飬ͷգҲһЩ⣬ЩƣЩҺÿģ
˺ܾãҡͷûС
ףЩЦ⣬һҾÿġ
ҡͷʮŵģ˵㡣
ҶҲȤʣΪʲôô㣿ҵıͱȹÿ
ϾͮͮСһֱֻ۱Դţѩ׵ĳϲ֪ʱƮ˼ƬҶδüͰƮƮȥˡ
ûС˵꣬Ҷıʲôˣԭֱ׳ҪĻ˺ڡ
˵ҵı岻ȹÿҶ˵ϹıЦЦʡ
˵˲ô㡣ڹֱ࣬׳Сģһ̵
ǣǹÿ
ҶԴǵ˵㣬̶Ķˡ
ģ
ţ
һߣȶˣŲͻȻͺ۾˵ˣܡ



50  50 
ͷѵλã ģ һһڵһƺȣС˵ܣ ͻȻҲ壬𱻾Ѭ÷۵Сһ˫ͫС
䡣ૣϼһ㣬 ֻζҲܡ
ƺһ Ҷ֪һʶûˡ
ˡǰ ˺СӵùָľյЦãôС
ＷһζЦϸϸ׽һ飬ÿһ۶ľսĺȣ û£ Ҷʮûԭˡ
Ѿͷ 㣬ǰܲ˵һЩ£ԼҲ֪һûʲôã ûʲôһʷȥ˵Ҳôû壬Ҷ˵ˡҶڨЦһ죬࣬䣬˭֪һֱǵڡ
һ룬ҲûԱôϹġҶһ˵һֳͬҲ̫Щ
СͷǣҶﶼʼðˮ
ͻȥƮƮС¥ǡ仰ɵҲЦСƫöûˡ
ҶҲ˵Щ׾ǸڹߵģһȥͼӰܼǵ˾Ͳˡ
ҶЩԹȥûôʵÿĴ˶ŵĶϡıƫƫźá
һ漰飬ҶҪʼᣬǴҶĵĻڣ񲻸̸ֱ˷ɣ顣
ž˵ҶüģԼͨġ
ף٣ǸͷҲݲ£һ㣬
ҶζʣͲԼҹţһ׽٣ֻյʱˣ֮ǰһеı
ġЦƵᣬСӵףȴ˴ǰ߰˰ɣҪ룬Ͷˣ֪ȥ
֪ԨԴˣ١˯Ҷס죬Ҫ˼Կ˹ģΪһҺûӡ
ҶԾʯЩпۣ̾һ֮䣬ƶѷ֣֪ûΪʧĻʱеûأ
ЦſһۣͱҵĻˣˣ⼸˵ǽԷﶼΪ˵Ҳ㣬ʵҲûôɹɣ
ǰһɣһУñζҶĬΣĿϣָ˵㣺ȣлɹģǰʾ˭֪ʲô룬ڿ˵һ٣ɵǶ֣˺ƤʱҲͷһվҹϵңͷۣһ˵˺þãһΪ
Ҳĳֻ䣺ÿҶ׽ٵʱһ߿ţ׽ɢˣ߹ΪˣҲ˵ķɣΪǽ裬ûɿڴӦʮа˸ΪҶ׽ٱŵġ
ҪһķϣһҲû˵ˡ
¶䴽Ҫ滳Ҳסȥɡ
رǹƢֻôãֱɣһɹĴ£ֻƲҲû˵
ﲻૺԲֱףÿɷ
ˣŲɣڵĵӣôСøƵġҶϲ֪ʱƮĿҶ᲻أպܽڰ
ɣʮа/䲻סΣû뵽ȳģҶ
ССУɣиӵ鶼һȦʹӰУһһնϣǸʮ浣
Ҳˣۣ۾ͻȻͺˡ
ָŷɣԹ˵ߺܵͣѹ
ʲô鶼˵أʲô鶼˵ûǵֵܡ֮ԺģƽһƲҡ
ɣδ
ǼǿģеСԺżҲǹϵģƽŲ񣬾ֵĿĹʮСǸ˭أ
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Ҳá
ûƲ㡣
ҵ̫ӣ˵Ҳֻǵһˡ
Լöˣһƫͷһ䣬ɫʱÿˣüģû˶ȥ
ɣ˿Ǹǰŵľյʣôȳ
Ҷһﲻ̯̯֣粻˭֪أﲻҪء
ɣĬĬ¶㲻һɫǸ
£ҹǲܡ
ߴˣһģҶǸ뷨ڿҲãҲգôħһҶ󣬹ùЩ£ЩҲֻ˵źʡ
ĪĲǣΪԼһ䣺ڿˣʱ˵ô죬ʼʳɹɣΪһ
ʱûкܻôַãƫƫѡ˵һ˵ˣΪֻҶʮֲسʼǵ÷ûأǵøǸ˵ûģҵһš
Ŀ΢˵ϲȷʵ̸ϣȹһҲҪһ⣬ҲϲǷ顣
ڣδ㣿˵ȶ׽٣ͽ߰ɣĹ꣬еõĺôԵǴεľ֮ˣۣ㻹һ
ףӦ£ԭģʮϾͣˣҲƹء
ɣΣֳһһӲףÿһƬϣ̻һССķӳС׷ŵУ׽һ£ҴҲʲôܲܰȻɹؼ㣬ĽǷѾ⿪
ֻδĽᡣһһƣҲɣ׺úõսռС
ҾŮͦãǸӣǾ䡣ҶͷеľһЦ
εس˸ͣƣ˼ﶬ֮ؾľ飬û˵䣬׵úܣҲ֪ոʲô֣ôһϷô겻˵Ҳң˼ˣһŮһˣ塣
˵ˣǶ챻Լˡ˵⣬Ҷˡ
ǰðС۽΢û϶˵ʲô
ĩˣɣóһŷɣ񣬵ȥ䱣Ԫվܸ£ϵԽԽأ׽پ⼸ˣԼҲЩ׼Էһ
ӹɫķɣչӣ׼ʲô׼Ĳ׼ģǶ뵽ˣģ㿴ˡ
ſڹϣû˶˯һûжһ
ֺҲˡ
Ҷľϣۿչƣ ףʣҪҪҲȵ㣿
ɣԼһʣΪʲôң
ûʲôɣֱˡҶ۾εֻʣһ죬ҪǣʱʱŽ䱸ɣǾĻ̫ˡ
Σˣúúø㵱ֳô꣬ʲôʱ᣿
ɣ۾ƣ֪
£һ취ҵȫ֮ҲܾûǸСѾͷˣҪ֪Ϊ˼ͷ϶޼ıӡ
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뽫ŵϣƫϣ̰ϸˬζŤˮĺݣȫ¶ûͷһϵȴŨҲܺ÷ֱ档
䡣ԴſȣȴʯһǱģ̰¶ȣֲ䣬Ϊʲôǵأ
飬ССģ͸һӵ䡣
ûףʲô£ӵ
ţҲһɣɫף̬ɢ½ҳһЩ¶°׵ôĿļ/ķΧڵһ֣ƽķ֡
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ϲϲңǼ࣬һ⣬֣˸纣ɢĳ⣬ʹܶˡ
ÿζƭҡƵؽӣǵӣ֪ʲôϲ
˵ϲֻڲᡣ
˵ϲ飬ϲŮ
ֱ֮߼Цգʣòã㲻֪
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Ҫǵӣڿ϶Ѿϲϲˡ˵úţʵ㣬СС೤Ͼζ
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ⲻǴҿ
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£һֱڻûü˵ͽ˯һ˯ǰǧꡣ
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Ҳᶯġֹһ䣬ͷһᣬ˯ˡ
峹׽ˣһִδйĵľζҴڣС߰ߣĶⲻҡ
ûһϹ˴ϣױۺ£
ܿؾ/һƳ̶˶ˡ



51  51 
۵ʱ컹û׺ȥ һ˯ѣ ͷԲȣûһ ֻҹļ䣬ЩЩûͼǵԼǱקġ
ɶͲ̫ӡˡ
Ӧûʲô ȻڸԵģӦþǹŭˡ
˿ Сһ磬Ӧˣ ҲϥڴϵϢһᣬ;ǳսϡÿѹեøɸɾˣףָҲ̫ף ֻÿôһģ ʤޡ
ûã ۾
ɣػ
ʱ㵽ʱһ
ЩŤ֪˵ʲô ־ʲô˵Ҳ˵ʵ⣬һشˣһ֤ʵˣôʮа/ţĳĬȻĹϵҲǵΪֹˡ
Ҫǻɱˣƾֱ˵͵ˣƫƫֲǣʮˣһżصķ
Ǹɣ֪ʲôһһ㣬ǸۣޱȻ¶
Բ۾
е޴롣
Ҳû˵
ǣΪҲͦû£ԭ׷⣬ǹ壬꣬Ҷõôߣ󡣡
ֻһ̰ĵȻģ˸ѿ
ֻɣ֣˸ķҴδȥͲ񲻺õ顣
ϣܻҲϣͲƽƽ֡
ˣ׵ˣҪ˺ǣȥȻԶ޷ԭԼ
ͻȻ˱°ļϣԭˡ
´Σʲô£˵Ƕһ취
ɣ㶣΢Ӧá
ɣ˵ˣʱѹһʯͷˣӿռóŲҩųԣȥԱߵĽ˿ûҪ˼
ûٴˡ
ȥ˲
ϣѾ˺Ʋ㣬һһ㣬ɫ
סĵطг
ȥʱͷ죬ûʲô飬һҲûмѹصĽźǳǴĿ羰ģƳϣһԾϢļ硣
תеεصҲôˣôܺСƵġ
վӣ˭С
⣺С
ø⣬Ժ˹䣬һʣСأôû
һʮֹĿ⿴βŵŮбҲзȻһԺס
˵¿˿ɫʣô͹סһȥˣŮӣֵ䣬ܵñܱܡ
Ƴһۣʣ㵣Ĺռұˣ
ϸһᣬ˰֣СаɣҲˣǹϵãסһסһɡ
ҵϣռұˡ
ҪǸģľͱˣĥڣ
Խ룬Խ
ɫ𣿹žˣ׼ˣָָȻʼʲ
ûʲô׼ġЦЦ˵ˣ˽ԪзɣףӵôãҲһƻꡣ
µû˵ĬĬʣ˵ɣҪĵǸزΪЩʲô
һ򣬾һϾǿ׽٣˭Ҳܱ֤ܰȶɹ
۽ޣؿһᣬ˵ȣǧͳʮ죬Σ鷳ȥŮһˣѸ磬ԵΪ١
ôʱģֻӣüģȻǶòֵϲ׽˵ÿľУûʲô
Һαƭ㡣ЩΣʼʴ޽ΣɣʱҪվȥӡǧô˵ǧ꣬һһҲǻرˡ
ģķô࣬ҪʲôϡıǶܸһһ˵ʱ㣬ٹһν٣ɥ̲ס
ôۡϵĻң߾£ƣҵȼΪ֮Щ飬޷ľ͵óΪΣѹڼϡɣ֮ӣտųְڣӡʼʣƽ磬ҵְ𡣡
˵ǲǻö˵ллװ㱳ôЩĹһŽµʯӣһû˵
ѾͷЦҡͷû˵ʲô
ػʱ򣬹õǲ绹ûʧҲӰ
ϣϥůʹһתȫ۵ָ⣬һŽ׵Բֻ̣ûгãǸɫԲžˮһȵһɢ
ü̾һ
ϵǸԴ
һղãΪԶ޷ǰһ
ˣ֮ʱˣȥϡı̲ĵҩȥ޼¡
û˸̫ãڽɫĽͻȻʧ۾ܵԱһֹվӨӨ֮Уɫĳ޷ÿһǶ͸ζ
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ôϲˣôǵء
ܿعǽںֻ¶һССԴĵӡЩʣɣոң˵ҹɵͣժ˺ܶǸҪҪһȥ
֪ôģͻȻյ
ڰУͫɫĺ̶һЩֵɫĴ֣
ߵǰվסڷɫѩףŷǡ
ָǽڷͻĳ³һȥ
ˣû˵˵˵ڶ仰պʲôǵ𣿡
ôº˵˼ڣһʵҡͷͬʱΪԼ׼䣺ҴǰȹһΣҲˣ˵ʵʵϾ˯ˡ
һӣָ˵ԼĴһһ˯֮ǰҡ
ͫһԺը̻ò̫ܣǹԸҲԲ
ôˣ
ĿŲĴϡ
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ʱЦˣۣƵʣôʳ֪ζ
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е㲻ͷֹסĻšü˿ܾû˵
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ð
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˱ۣܽӰȫȫ£סΣָ΢°ͣɫŨϢ΢ȣʣ׶ˣҸø𣿡
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ɡʲôŹ򷢸ɵĴԼ
СŮ



52  52 
ڹ˵۵ʱӾѾˣ ʮãȻ ڹĲϣðζҲ˵
ĭ ޴롣
͡ΪҺʱ㣿
ÿɷĿ̺Ĵ/ͣһᣬ󻮿ߣԼࣺǵһ
˲ˣ ̶һ롣
֪ԭ
ָϣ ָʯͷ
ҲҪػأеڶʱ㣬ǲǻøӲ֣
Ϊ֮ף 䣬㲻ôһϲһ
Ƴһۣ䣺
ָΪҪҳף Ͳˣ ҲҪ㸺𡣡
ϲıϾǹ ҲָʲôͻȻ֮ĸ붼û٣Ϊһǣ õöװɣ
Ҫӵ
ѣԼ˵Ҫһֱһ𡣡
ԵµݡһƬ꣬룬Ҫ԰ɣ˵ݣܹռ
ôʱʱǣ֣Ҳܳ˫ɶԵĳ֣һӣ뵽
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Ҳϲ
£Ͼ͸಻һ
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㲻Ը⣿Σգһ޴׽ŭ⣬˶ֵȻƨһ
ָǽڷҲ򦣬ӣһ䶼ûŵȰЩǣ侲һ£˵ɡ
ۣͻȻɿʣ治Ը⣿
Ϊ˭
ĬĬǺ˼·Ϊ˭ܲΪһʱǣͰԼ˰ɡ
䣬ȻŭҶ㸺öԼΪ𡣡
ˣҲǲԸ⣬ֻǺ⡣
ǧŹĳϦദֻѹһġҲ˵ֻ㲻ҵ£ҾһֱԶС࣬Ҳġ
ǵ£һġ֪ôͣͻȻеİͣкܶµģδйìܣִսǵ
ЩҶ¡
ĹϵҿһԸһֱϲ㣬Ŭ׷Ĳһ죬Ҿܽ㵱ɺͷɣҶһֳҳ˵һ̲סҪһЩ󲻵Ķе̰ãҿƲסԼ
ΪõˣҲΪòԻƽϡ
ϲϲòУϲʲô֪
˵꣬ü£𣬡ΪʲôҪͷɣҶһ
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СϵζĴɢ̣ļȼŵĻѹȥߣ֮ǰһǵȵݽߣҲҲҸõĵ¡

ΪôһϷɵʱ˶Ѿˡ
ף䵭һģֱŽ˷ɣ׵λվɿţīڣ飬䭵ˡ
룬ŮӾɫҡ
ĥĥ䣬ȻӵԱ˫۾ʱƳûСǡĶ棬״ⲻЦһʣôǣʲôƢ
ĸҽ˵Щڰ֣û¶岻̫ëˡ
ϵˣҶ֪
Ӳ״յߣ㣬Ϊ㽨һ˷󣬱׼ļ紺ȹӣȥססﲻͬҽٸġ
ˣЦȲ٣ȥһˣܾû͸һ㣬϶ǲȥˣϵԨԴҪİЩ֮һȥħ飬ʱȥҪһȥħ棿
ԭΪ¶࣬ӻܾ
û뵽ȻһӦ£ЦֳССУ˼ǸǱʮְɣ࿴ۣͻȻķпܾ㻹˼ģһգֹۣȥöˡ
㣬꣬˵ɣӻ˵һ룬Ͳĳ쳣ߣüѭŸоȥЦЦĿϡ
ģӱñһ
ѹʣ㣬͵ӳˣ
ñҸɣ磬˾ǣһҲ֪ʲôҲҴһᣬͻȻ̧ͷһ꣬ʲôҪļ¼
Щȣʵģ
ӵͷǱЦԵĪأ⻹ͷһأӹİû˵ʲôǷɣˣѹе࣬꣬һۣ˵˸Ŷ֡
ζϢĳ
ҼǵãٻҪˡͻȻһ䣬ɣ˵ģӦþɡ
ӵͷ¶أİٻٿҲϲæ˶ӵ£ˣҲƣĻô˵Ҳȥ˳ٻӰ塣
ָһ£Ц޷֪֮ʲôŽвҡ
һְٻΣûסЦȻ˹ͷɣĽ̸
ôһ磬Ҷ֪СݣҲӷɣ֪ʼĩипҡ
£ɣֵܡ
ɹˮһֳ£μյĲʹѵ˵ʲôҲƣɣ˸˰ð뿪ˮССڵ㣬Ҳ̧ͷȥ
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ôǸˡ
Գڶž޴Ļ
ζΪ
˴˭˵ϲ˭ĥĥ鲻Ը˭
ڿ˵ϲˡ
С
ҲȥʲôϲϲĶֻҪͷôͲκ˵һ֡
͵ۣκ̫ѨĳһָϣȻٻ󣬻ʲô£
̧һĿϡ
ɣѹ죬һᣬٻˮиᣬ䶼ǧһΣɵ֡
ǣ˯ô֣꣬ϯġ
УķԪžҲʱÿˡ
Ŀ΢
ԪžϹ֮أޣ嶼ǸطɢģԪžصĵطԵ࣬ΣҲܴ
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ÿ꣬Ԫžʱֵʢ£ҲֻǸʱ򣬿ԿˣɣħгǢӣһĻԵϾ˼֮϶
һЩĴܣҲȥ֣ĪѹߵžľͷͼѰҸһ¥
ͷɣ붯ĵǣŹž֮Уһݡ
˵žĻԵ
ɢ֮ʱеữһϾӣڹž֮У֮󣬳磬ǣʥҩ
˵ͿʹСǰ
˵κϵˡ
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ɣ⻰һ˵˾
ϣҪеġ
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ףָؽڷӸ£Ŀӷɣһһͣϣѵ¶ЦֻЦⲻ۵ס
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һʯǧˣȴûаʼٸߵԾ˵ǰУʵе֪ͨ˵꣬Ӱƾʧˡ
ʱ֪Ӧ
ܽܣѵЩ㶣Ťͷ㣬ӷ˵ʲô𣿡
̱ϣȻһֹĹȻ˵ĸо
·񣬾ͺܹ
̶Żָ˼ά
߰Żɻ򲻽λõĬĬ˳ǣ۾



53  53 
ټɵŻȻŮϢ£ ˿Ȼֹ
Ҷվ ɫӶߵ࣬ ʣô£
˿Լ˵Ҳô˼ ǣҶЩһƣ ػ󣬾͡Щ̫õ顣
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ҶѾֱ¼Ϊͷ۵ط˷ һһģʲôõ£
༸Ķˣ ɣ ҲǺ֣
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˵ǵһģ öԼΪ𡣡
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ͷĶš
ҶͷɣһۣãԼأôģ
ǣûʲô˶٣СҸ˵ΪҳףʹɲˣҲ⡣
ǣҪ˵飬ҿ϶ⲻסġ
ֻԼִ֪˵ʱжĶһ̣ƹˤ˼
ÿһܾۣڸԼ
˵ĺ˵Ļƾ͵ͷӦˡ
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˵꣬ԼҲԱ£ֵˣ¶˵Σ˶ˡ
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ҶЩţǴԿ𣿣
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ҶͷɣԶǣ뷨ʮּ򵥴ֱ
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̾һЭʵ䱰ɣպſҲУѵõǣۣͬôֱܷǷǺڰףΪҲߣֻǼҶֻܺƽ֡
¶֮ɫǰȷʵЩϲģڼˣҲûʲôĸо
Ĭһᣬ̶أǲ˶أϲģٶҲ١

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Ҷϴ磬ͷѣ˶
ԽߣԽڰ
֪Ӻζˮһ޴ĽڽֳԭΣҶϲŰںõЦһڨڨʲôأлǺú˵˵
˵ʲôϢڴ룬һĿѹѹסʲô˵
ٵռȻѲԭλã󻺻תǧɢһ㺮Ŀֲ
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ˣϲ˵ֵ˵ʹ̫ѨЦˣҵľʱֵ๣
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ͫܽ궼ȥУȫںɫĳʵʵظסˣҶĿĳΣնӿ
ʱҶſеٲȻһģаȾ磬а·
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Ҷʮ֪֮ڹֵ£߲У񣬼ٵػ죬òοռ䣬ˣ
û˵꣬նҵصĽƮƮģ֮ҶͷƤ飬ϴŵķεתȦӭȥ
һҶķ鴮ͱɣⲻ٣ɫʮѿؿŰУͶ㶼ааˣͼǣȻûʲôá
аħͬħֻǲͬĲͬƺϲûʲô𣬵аۻ࣬ȸǶѻһĳ̶ȣ͵ñֳء
ɹϵаֳӡģֻ಻١
ҶƵӴܣ˾໰ְʱ䣬һ߻ú͹һ½æϴ
һ룬λûг׽֮޶ƫ̻壬ֳȡö׽٣ֳ£ٹһʱ䣬ٻðæԪžҲøһȥܲܰѱϵκãԽ룬Խ
ͫɫǼĺڣ¶ֱϣճĪĹͼȫ£ȼŵĻףΣգҶİǿһ֮ˡ
֮档
⻰һҶӾ˵Ǳһش£ŵĿѪĭζģһ̡

ݷ
˴Ӱз˳ȥ˼Ȧּѵһ߲ٿصľż˿ԼѵĻڣٿ˫Įݲһ˿еͫΪѵ³һ
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˼һĻ߹Ƥʣô£
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۾
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54  54 
۵ĺڽȴȼյаشϨ һֻݷʱ׼׵ޣ ͻȻջ˼צ޺ºģ
һĻ ССһţ̲ס̾ϢһȰˡ
Ҷָˣܹܲɫܵγˮ
ڹ/ǰ ɾˬζȿֺӿǼ⣬Ħĵط˻ ĵϮӣȴֱŶܣ ϵ͵͵Ĳ⣺𣿡
һ΢ƣ»أô֪ǳǰա
ʧ˭ǰ˭ꡣ
Щƣδǲ Ҳҵġ
Сһ úܡ
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Ǳˡ
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˺ᡣ
Ĭһᣬֵ͵͵Ц һζҲԡ
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˵꣬ǣޱôȥһû죬ȱˡ
ĿڹϿһȦԶ׼ѹѹȻѾָˣ֣Ҳ˰ɡ
ƤٺҲⲻסô˫۾עӣŶͱ᲻ص˲شӺһûóףš
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ӵɫҲһѾüϾͲϡҲͬ⡱ĸˡ
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һۣɫǵûУֻǳȥ˾һˣֳ˻ķӡаѾһʤ
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55  55 
ɢĹﳯſֱۣһ  ԾںĵӣһЩеûģڣ ȾѪɡ
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ѹ֣ǰЩ죬ɫ׵úͺ˼֬һ
ԭֻΪĹһȴԭ
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56  56 
궵ͷ£ર઴һпԳϣ ӿ ֶɺףҲһֻ ӿҪ׵統ͷѹȸУһξǿ̹ġ
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57  57 
ھʮŵɽʯҡ ˮǱһ Ծϰٲ㣬ֶɺһ жڹ๾ðݣһʵİС
ǧ֮У 貵ĽֱƣӲƿԽԽ İɫƲ㣬׵İϽڣ۳һĶǵ
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ûп¼ôһʣҲ˹
һۣʲôʱɢӣЩ΢⣬˵˵ķ
һᣬȻҡͷں⣬˵ͬһԴĳЩ£ع鱾壬ںϣԲ֮ʱں⡣
Ӵ̺˼˶촽ŵʣʲô˼СǷڿĴô˵أ
ҶüãƳһۣͱţ˵˵
˵꣬º˵ΪλóĽۡ
۽ޣ³һ̧ͷǾδɢĽɫΣں⣬¼мء
¼һҶ˵ɫˡ
¼ֶֻжţǽԲۼҲ֪ͷǣȫΪԡںֶǲδ˵¼˵УǾһС
˵꣬ҲЩɣͷһں⣬ǲôȷ
Ͼ̫
Сǲ
С޹ˣӣ޵Ļǲ޵УעҪһĴڡ
룬ò˼顣
޷

Լ۾ԾǸκ¶ϵɢģĻУԵЩ졣
ֹһӡ
ɢ
Ҷһȣǰ棬˷Ӧһģ󣬹У֪ʲôĽֲôȤ
ֶɺ棬ͻȻ˿硣
˿ǾΥò´ʲôϸʲô˭Ҳûгһļž
ɵ˰󣬻ǷڿԼ˳ǣһһʰȵ˺ѷΣһ̾Ҫȥһ
ҶƤȥס鸴ӵصôûϼһòɰ
ڿź̬ͯ꣬Σ˱òͿݣɡ
ţȻԵɺϵģ׽ûȫ׽ٵӹɣǿʱҲ˵״̬
˲£һ
ϣ΢ָЩԪ
ɵϸ˿ϣ˻վĿⶼϡ
һӵʡ
ǣ÷ѿ࣬һĵѹģ
ʣµģҲͲԼΪǽ
ʳ˵һ仰
˵ǸСأ
ڿռˡ
˶٣治ɫǲǶµ𣿡
ҵĴ
в²⣬׿ڳϣ˿٣ԽԽ࣬н˳ûļơ
̧̧°ͣʣô᣿ǴŮ֮ҡ޸ʼʡ
ɻĿ⣬ָкǰмӵҵΪʱʱ̿ǣʼʣ˼ΪʣҺһ֪֮Ϣʶĸȥ޺СŻǱʱӡ
޸Ϊӣⶼ⡣
ԽԽң֪Щ£
ҡͷںϣҲȫļ䣬ϵóĽۣӦҲǰ˾Ųʮˡûҵѹƣʼһ꣬εĲģˡ
˵̱꣬ϣһ޿
ˣ˻ˡ
Ⱳӣ飬Լϡ
ºˣ£֪ᱻ⼸ţЦʲôʱ
Ҷ˸ţеЦ־ûʣ㣬޸ң
Ȼʼʵļļָø磬ϳĴݣնʵ֮ǰʹʵнӴںϵĳʼ׶ΣöԴ˸飬ʱĴΪʹȻȥˡ
ն֮ŭɶΪ飬Ϊһ֡
û䣬ҲҪ
ΪʶףûҲ޷ԲҶ˵꣬ȲڣһװķڿҵķǶԵ𣿡
ԽƷԽԾü𣬳ɵؿڣ¼˵ʼŮİ
룡Ҷ˵üģ͵ۣӲģЩ¡
ڿԼȥˣѵس£ȷʵͦģ£ͺˣ˵
ôôҲ벻гһգʣԼϣ벻޵ĻԼУעݵĴڡ
̫Űˡ
Űһȫܹܲ
⣬̲סЦһֱΪϲǴģʵϲģԼ
ڿ˱ۣҲô˵
˵մ׽ٵĹ⣬ʽںϣ
ڿܾúûںϵʱ򣬵ʱǸҶѾСƿˣ֪ΪʲôͻȻˡ
ĴһȦûҵˣأ
˿ɫʵ˵ڶ˯˵һ죬ͷۣ¿ĳˣƢʲô˵Ĳ˵ģȫͱ
ڿһؽӣúЪϢ죬ˣˣǰȥݷãЩл񡣡  



58  58 
죬
ѵûλ һг Ծϣüɫ ȴôڶڸǲס
ĴܺЦλ壬ľͷۿɼĲȥҲ㣬 Ĵġ
ʮ꾭ӪĿڱ һϦ֮䣬ȫ̱顣
ǰʮɹжɣڿžж̡
㸲 һû䣬Ϊ˲ݣᵽΪ̬鵭
ǣ 嶥أ Ĵܾ͸̵ţ Ҫ⳥
綨սԼһأƻƽҪ޶⳥ ֮⣬ñԼԵĶĽغ͹ž
ŵ˲࣬λϣǰ׷ԲԣһսǶ˴ѻ̫ʱ䣬޽ƽʱԼòˣϾһԪˣ޷ʱһɸʮԼָˡ
Ҳ𣿡ʣô˵
ƴɫƣΪ̫ӣսСС鶼ж಻ʲôϢϰ˸߸ϵˣڳ˴֮Ҳòƽ׽
ظ棬ѱī֣ܳ˵Ļͬʮ˼Ҳաƴ
ۣ᲻صظһ飺㣬ô˵ġ
ƴüͷһ˼˶ίЩĻ˵˵깲ͬµĹأݺʮ飬սˣͿ̿Ļֶ̻̣Σʩô߱󣬱Ⱥ֮֮⣬ˣҲ븸壬һ
Ҫǰյ֮Լ⳥ʧ⼸飬ӵܣǧ֮ڣ̤ؾ벽
꣬³֣
гϺʲôһҪϾɱ
ԪžϾҪСȥѰԵЩϼһҲһֱϣڴˣҪ󣬾Ӧ
һֱţӸɱһ룬ȥĽ峤Ҳ۾ɳ⳥һ飬ܳǶ٣Щˣɶ̫ӵı֤ôû̵Ҳʧء
ԪžΣҲñ˵ʵЩϼһһˣڷԪžһԵ
⻰һ˵Ͼ˷ϡ
һսϲڵȺʧأı
˵ĵ˵а˳ɵİգҲϡͿ
عͷ룬ʵҲǼλջͷԣ˵йעһ˵ûӣ顣
ڣ̩붼ˡ
û취ǿһĳ̶ȣǿҵ˼Ҳֻܲţù⡣
ĳ̶ȣҲŻҧֻǲٱˣԪžĻԵܴ
ƴ汻Цˣɫŭҽˣи˼ǿɲǵͷģڰˣʼжˣ
⳥ɣĳɣ취̯
峤һӣ֮ǰЦ˼Ȼ̫˵ӣҵȣҲͲڴ˶ˣϣʮָԪǿʱˣ֮༸Ĵܡ
ҿ˵ǿ׽٣ػʮս㡣
⻰е˼Բ
вλεв
£֮ڣ˽峤ûıˡ
ڣҲֻʮɵˡ
峤תҪߣסüģֺαغСҲ㿴ųģǸʲôֱĿ죬˵ԵƢԣ㻹֪𣿡
˵꣬Ƴƴһۣǡ
̶ֵȣѳΪһϵ죬඼ạ̊́˽峤Ҳûͱˣŭһ֮󣬻ˡ
ʨӴ󿪿һ⳥߳ɣɸƽ֣ҧҧ˳ȥҲ˸
Ҳһ죬̶Э飬ûзºòܽؾž˵Ҳˣ岻ܡ
˼ǣĶǶ⣬ģ⼸Ҳ쿪ڡ
Ϣʱ򣬴ؾС
ɣȥػ˵ʱ򣬹ϣٰĵϵıÿһ£ľͲһ¡
Ϻ飬ĴָСһţͣӨӨ׹˶ÿһ䡣
ϰŵĸʽģȫǸѰĵر߲ʹӿɲһ֣˵ķ˲ɢ鶼̲סԼ˳۴Уöö˽Ҳ𣿡
̧̧򦣬䣺࿴˵
ƮģҲ˵ʲô̧ͷһֱˣÿóһ͸һ֡
˲ãҲˡ
ɣʱ򣬿ľĻ档
˶٣ɨһѵ汦Ƥʣڸʲô
ͽҡͷ
ƤһֽۣϺ׵ϣɢϲ𣿡
ɣһȻָָԼң
΢΢ס
ɣͷƤЩը
ʲô˵ϲܶ͸Ҳɣ
ÿɷƽŵЩ챦ŲŲĵӣǿײһָϵ˵㣬⻰ЦһҲºЩϲûȥˡ
Ŀ⣬Щ챦ϣת˷ɣϡ
浹ù
룬λϸ粻֪ʲôˡ
ɣͬһ뷨˽Ц㿴ʲôֻҪеģֱͬ˵ˣʲôأ
һɢĵСĴָÿһִżǿĵ/ζЩ͵ǣǰδ˰ɡ
㶣ʣˣ
մһ°׳ѥݸӳüĿ䣬ԵĶţ˭Ҳ֪ʢ£ŵƢԡ
ףĲÿһģȿʼ
ͻȻˡ
ⲻס
ԼＸܼġ
֪һЩ飬Ļǻҡ
ͻȻеѹ
ɣһ⻰æɫ˸ڸ˳
˵ıӰʧڶͷ
ĴһƬ̣ûף̸̸ָ飬ԶֽٻüͷЩ˽ᣬתͷһãȻĽ飺СĻģ
ԴӵǣͷһԼ˻ۣȻǲЩգգ۾ʣΪεӲɣֱӸĻǾܺˣ
㶮ʲô
ϣ챦ӨӨĹĲˣͷ۽ǵ켸Ҫˮʳ仨Ǻܽܰ˵ģҲ²͸뷨ƫƫֺϲȺһⶫͳȥȺ˲˵û
ƶǶӢ
˼Ҿǲⶫ˲Ϊ˵
ǡβЦҾ̫ڿ׽٣۾Ҳò֡
ڿлˣǿ
˭ô
˵꣬üģģҪжġ
ӣûҽӻ
һ룬ͷȦ
¼󣬶ûô￪ģûô˵Ǻû
һתתԼһ׳ϡ
ò˿䭵죬˵鶼ϲƮƮӣ˵ʲôĿͷŶϰ׵ģҲû۾ôһ¡
Щ챦óʱ۾ȷʵתơ
鰲缦Ī⣬ͻȻһһñ



59  59 
ͷɣ߳ػʱϲ˲ķ۲Žʧ һ ҪͷƵĨ궼΢ŵ̾Ϣ¶
ɣлͬ˵˲ûм̷ɵ Ѱ˸ľСԺš
ִܣԭŵһذ׵ѩǰղ׽ʱıϴһգҹĹ⾰Ҷһ㱡˪ СԺǰЩ Ƿڿסĵط
СԺľδڣַΧ
ɣֹ ŬʹԼ˵ĻԵֱһֱûкúʹ뷨
֮ǰ֮Իоֹ쳣ҺҶΪǸӰʱڣ ͻὥָǣ Щ֮ǰ˵ģ 㲻
ڵΣҲԼˡ˵ĻɣҲʱʱЦ⣬ ЩεصҶͷڿǶŲģ챿֪οϸ˵ȥ˳
˵ʲôУԲ̫ȷ
ʮ죬꣬Ϳɿ̸ۼޣ/Ů/һ£ֺȻˣƽûʲôΪ¶ʶǼв磬˵£Ƕö˵ʲôġ
տճʱյһζڿҶҲܵġ
ڣ
ҲңԵõƫ
û˵ɣ˼ʮ죬ΨŮѪݣκӣ˵ʵҺܵġ
Լϸ׵˺һᣬЦЦ﷢̫ˣһʱ֮䣬Լ˼·
ʵֻǺͬλ֮ҲˣǷֻҪ˴ϲЩˣףȻٶ˵ʲô
סһۣЦŵ֪ݴʲôҺһ𣬺Ҳǲġ
٣˵ʲôأɵˣͷϣͻȻͻأ̧ͷһöϲǵģɵһҭҭʣʲôڵȥˡ
ץһͣƮƮƮһƬûҶأմϵѩĭϵʯϣ˳ͬķλ
۷ڿʣôˣ
մǵںĹ⣬ټϴع飬ǰܵˣ˸߰˰ˣЩصģһʱҲˣԶƼ˵еû£ոֿ̯̯֣ü価Ƿ˵
ţò̾һ䣬ɫͺõУڿݣڷһңȷʵҪвͯӵģ
أҲһţǵˣֻԼú룬˾·պʲôʲôѣǶ޷Ԥ⣬ӣǱޣҲûǿһڿգգۣηԪž֮УҲȥո֣ȻҪѰϾݣ˸ãʲôá
ϣܵȵǸʱ
Ȼڿû˵Ƕδ֮⡣
ǶںŬģΪʵŮ¡
˵͹ƽƽҲ٣Թʱǵ󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
ͷ΢ȡ
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Ͳ̫á
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˵ףԲں˵ĿԼãһָܵĹϵߺ󣬻Ϻȡ
֮ڣϾʵΪ
ûãͻػ
ϱЪϢᣬɫףϺõմɣ飬˲Ķ˰ء
ˣûֻۣü⡣
ţɣ˵¾¡ڴβһ컨Ѫҧ˵Э֮ʮҲһݣ͹ʰ
УûɿڣԪžɻǰ
ܺ࣬ÿһ۶ҧβĵƤӣɨ۵ļϣ䣬̺Ĵϡ
ץһɢӨӨɲݣϵҶƬһƬժһƬժƬʱȥˣ۵ı飬˺ЩȻҵ׶࣬Ҳôܰ
ݣ棬󰡣ٻǻҪȥԪžأĴᣬϲЩɲҩ
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һֻۣüͻͻһ£۲Ϊ㡣
ͻȻܲãһһѶؿռ䣬ȻַŻС̽ǲ岻̫
üģֱӰѻ˵꣬ɣҪֻ˵ЩûбҪҡ
ĬĬ֪϶
Ըֱֱȥ˵á
Ҳû˵ʲôԼ̧ͷ̸Ļ⣬̫Ȼ˵ģ׵顣
ȥԪžϾݣ֮ǰ
Ļʣ֮ǰΣǴػȥǱŸҼ棿
Ը˾ǣϾݸҴ飬а𣿡
ҹɲǿŮӵ¡
⻰˵Ҫ಻ͷж಻ͷǶһµʧȥȤ¶һ档
ɫ৵һ°ˡ
һ̫ãĳƢǸܵһ
ǰʱĬĬ֮󼪣Լʮ£Ͳˡ
վһۣڶħڲŹȶȳȥ
ԽԽ
ǰһЦζʵʡ
ץһߵ治ɫϻһѪߣȵѪҺУǵúˡ
˵꣬żһ㣬Ӷ
лϢѪҺζۣͫнлްīɫۣɢ񱭿˺һͻȻף˹ʲԱٳĽ飺˵ǲ죿
ҲҲô˵鿴ϵİֱµҪ꣬źΪ˵ûϻطɣ˵ԽԽƫ߳ɹڴ˵ϡ
˵СŮˣǰͬˡ˺һδ־Щ飬ûϾݣϵϲˣһΣҲǶܲ
ǲÿÿ˳ְɡ
Ƥǰ꣬ҿȻͦġ
Ȼܲ˼άǰô꣬µĻ£̯ʱ治٣Ҳû˵Ļ
鵣ԼǨŭԶЩһĿȻǲһġ
ֳƫ̻谮ͷ޻֣ħ磬ɽ磬ǲ̫һġ
ҴǰǶСС֣ôʱתʱ򡣡
ɫɻްĪ⣬ۿȥһЩĿһɣٽЩ˵ġ
յ֪˶ħҹԶԶţȻ۸˵ٷڶΡ
ˣӦã۴ˡ
ӦãǾ棬ζؾ׽ۣΣۣƶҡ
Ȼá
ָǽڷ֣˵㽣飬ؿϣʣЩоģ
鲻Ҳ˽Щ죬Ҹ쵽й䣬˼໰ͷܶණ/Ů/⣬Ƴ˼ۣƳ˼ۡ
ָյı棬ЩȤʣǺŮӿĵ𣿡
඼ǡ
Сָָȥ˵ʱħѹסˡĿʢѪҺɨɨǱˣѪ
飺Դӱչس󣬵˵ϹıԽǿˡ
ٵڣֽ˻ȥɣһˣ˵ʱҺǰȥݷãϣɽҲȥ 
Ųȥݷãȥܵġ
Ҳ֪ɣĻ᲻ᵣµҹ
롣



60  60 
˵߻ħ󣬳Ĭһӣ Цһ£ ´Σǵѹ ڡ
ô߻ħٴΣѪ¸ɾ˰ɣ
ĵÿ˻Դ 㻹֪
˵ף ҲԹƢãκǸλã ȴøá
Ƶӣ֪
ûԹ
ᣬҲû
Ϊӣû˿ȥɣȻδһ Ĺˣ óܵģ ȴһҲûѡ
еɱ¾ȫΪһβ 飬֮Уӡ˲Ϊ֪棬ЩѹӡֱеĿʹΪ岻ɷָһ֡
緽ܺƽ
Ѿܺˡ˵Ķͷ۽Ŷ㿪һȥɡ
ȻأһҪȥһɽ˵ּ⡣ڰƵȦͣǰûʣԼһԵ˳˲Ŷ˵ػ;ôŮӻģĻں䣬ҴӺδѧû˰취ֻܽ칩˳
죿кιϵץסص㣬ʡ
죬ûõҵĵطҾĴ˹䣬Сȸ죬֪ŪЩ˼ĻһյĳſҾ͸ſ˿Ҳסһ仰˵ûʱó
Цãʣȥ˵ʲô
˵ҹʱ÷ɣСɽ׼ʱݷáѧĿǸʱˣէһơ
ȥʲôʦ⣬Ž־ò
ھã˵ûԴȷʵûˮˡһ˫СڰвŲ˼£ѧΪ˭
մ˱֮ʴȥʱǲ˵һѧź㡣ͻȻίˣ֪Щǰ궼ǶһˣҲֻһҲû˸Ҷ˵ѧŶС
ƿԣΣͻȻЦһȻ˽ȥ
ĳ򣬰˰°ͣǰɣ˶˵壬ֻ֪Ǻܺúܺõġ
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˵˻ವһڽƲУģڵúܡ
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⣬ʯ̬ɢһͷīĳˮһ·Ӽͷʵʣ⣬ұһˡ
ԶԶ̧ͷѤõĲϼ£üĿ䣬ǹ˹ǡ
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طֻ侲һ£һҪǸľͱˣҲʱ򡣡
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гˮһҹ֮󣬱ˮúȡһۣ϶ûԹҰ㳢ҪϲȥҷɣҪЩӣܽҲ鷳
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ҡ
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ޱؾСľҧһڣȻγһ˿Ϻʹߡ
ѵã޴롣
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61  61 
ʱţ ¶ȵ
֪ʲôʱֿʼѩ ׷ںڰŵһɫĻ ƮڿиεĶëͷƬϣȻ󻯳ϸϸܵһˮ
ѩµô Ƕѻسֵ춯ʱɢȥ žΨһ
Ѿ˯ˡ
Ǳѵġ
˯죬˯еҵͷ˺һ ۾ǿһ졣
ô˰Ϊ˯ѣԳһģЩ⣬һִЩã뱻ѵĲ
վߣ ī ü ɢϵ籡Σ֮ȴǱһ°׳ɫѹֿ֣ŷݣ ǱãϸֻʣڹĲ׽Σա
˵仰ûеõشһֵͷȥմ˯ӰţССһţɢ㣬ڱǼ⣬ľȥ
ͷһμô˯ɣۣڴβѩֺԳºɣǣȥȥˣ
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ڴβ׮ϣβ΢ɨĻһᣬҡͷӦòᡣ
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һӦãһЩӣһ΢Ƥţ˰֣ȵң䣬ҵûѡ
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Ҳˣ֮ŮĭĭҲ;˸Ļᡣ
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62  62 
ɽСɹ Сͣ ɹִҴŨĺҹС
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63  63 
ػվڹǰ Ĭ˺һᡣ
ԭСٲȻһ޴ľ磬 죬ϣ ĺɫһУǳתĹǶҹɫУֳһѵõĺгá
ھϽһݣ ô󷽼࣬ǰɲݣ ӦǹʲôҺʢ·Ӳݡ
һŴһˮϣ ˮ汻ɫӳʮᣬϣϳ˵ƽ˿˽ʮ㣬Ÿ߸ߵһ㣬ͷ߷Ż飬 ֮ʵˮ ˮ˵¶ȣ ڣϢ
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ٶԱªСѣֱһϣһ¡
ŵıŤ˲ˣ ĿⶤǷȥͺʵĴϣתǽɢˣţô
ÿɷ΢΢ף֮࣬ż
԰룬üּ˾䣺ʱҡ

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64  64 
оնɹ׽٣ָ ¾ˣ ҲΪص£½½뿪
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65  65 
ڿ˵ãħ ڴ֮ǰ 뿪صʮԼĲУ ׼ȡЩ
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Űɡ΢գźӵڤСһžӨ͸ӣӣŵ˲УȺӳһӡ
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ڿɵۣͷѡ
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δӦһ߹ϵŮȻʧУһˮ
ͬʱСɵڷڿõģ



66  66 
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ССһԺɣΪҪյĻ⣬ ΢ЩأͦñֱСȸվļͷϵĻɫҹԽۡ
ڹ࣬ ʱʱ꣬мɫζ
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67  67 
ڶԺ۾ʱϵʶһ£ СƵģ ͷ𣬡˯ᡣ
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Ĭ˺һơ
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ʵڽܲζ˰ɣģҲϲԡ
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СؽӹеӣıԹ˵˾䣺ֻҪϲ̣ûϵ
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ڿеľһ£ΪЦʣϡ𣿡
ҡҡͷͱˣԼ壬ԽԽҡ
üڿƳ˹һۣˣȴӷԪžúóﱸﱸ׼ɡ
ÿտǣûš



68  68 
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룬 ǿϽķԪžˡ
֮ģ Ȼҡ
ûʲôһɫԼ׵Щ˵ֱϱܲɫľ磬 ѣùܡ
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ڵͫУƯɫʵˮǺļ͵͵ЦһЩȻ⣺裬ʹСĸ֡
Ʒˮζڿǻ飬˻ָ˽µģʣ峤ɻ壿
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վ˵ߡ
治ԣۺ룬һߴͷβر𵭶ķɣôǣԶͱǵλСˣ
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ɾ
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69  69 
ķѩͣ£ţ 䡣
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ЩϡǿȪǶŵĻͱ飬Ϻõĳɫ žͲǷ
ù
Ƥ ³֣Ҫˡ
ʶԼָϴŵĿռ䣬 ΪԼƶĬ˺һᡣ
򴽣ͻȻʲôŹߣ ӿռһһذѶó
֥ˮ򡭡۽ë͵͵شţռúƿŵĶƵߣЩ˯ǰģûãԭ
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ڤãֻҪηԪž֮УڤõϾݣλ֮ͣλ幰ãӴ˷Ϊ֮
ͬʱĻӣ׸ڤ󡣡
üͷš
뽫УȴҲɵӡ
һϾݣҲ۲š
Ļӣ󣬹¿ϡ
лʷ򣬵Ůͳ֮



70  70 
Ҿȫǿӣһ˶ܱŪڹ֮ϡ
Ͼݣ ˵Ϳ̤ϳĽݣ ˸һ۲Ķ
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΢ ƽϡ
ϵһɫɫ𪣬ɫᣬһٷĸоһ ü Цⲻ۵ף ŻǸġ
һΪģϣĻӺӣ ǻ̫ƴһˮɽµģ˶̫£ˣ̫ŭߣֽ˷壬ѣҲ壬Ż
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//Ϸᡣ
ڿʱ졣
һ־µûš
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71  71 
ⱦ⣬ħണħ
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Ĭһŵʵˣʱ򣬻ͦڲĵġ
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ΪʲôһҪϲ˵ƢֲõĹء
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ִƣº󣬿ֻ߳ɡ
붼ûģ˼Ǻ«ϷһͲ޿ˡ
˺ЩǮ飬ħ񷱶࣬©Ҳ࣬ӪЩǰЩ꣬ԼҲûжٻ
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컹ţħʪȣ´ڶϵķ磬Żɽڵֱ峤ˮģЩ
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ڿ˸ľĹ˵Ҫúù۲ֲ﷢ѿɳĹɣ¸Ůˮȱ⣬鲻
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գһռزǰԺӵСˮأȪС̧ͷһ̽дŤϸħģ䣬ʾ̧ͷ
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ָǽںܾȣƯϺõĴԣ׵ЩĿ
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۾Ц˵ż򵥣ֻ˻ϣҹ˼ɱ˵ķԷοǡ
οЩһ͸߸ϣ顣
ʱһеĵУһѪǱ⻹ˡ
ÿÿۣܰȻ֮һЦ
ķϣܳΪ֮ɡ
Ϊ᲻ȥͶ࿴飬ථһЩ֪ʶ
ζس˳ǣƵʣסˣ
ͷûܷЩӰ죺ﻷҲ᷿࣬סŲԵÿյϲԺǼ԰Žȿ˴ӡŹŴˮɫɺÿˡ
СָϸȣͷϸϸģõۣصǾɡ
֪ӦҲЪ⹬𣿡
ָǣ³һ
ЪڸڡЩһסˣҲǳħûô
Ŀ⣬ŵԺӡ
Щª
ҶûС
˹һۣλҪסȥֱӰѷӲؽ
ЩɵصҪס䣬ҡ
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仰û˵
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ǼƣԵòôУҧһǳӡϢϣͫеĺɫŨī̳¡
ЩһˣǱɽ飬ٴĶҲͣ
򴽽ǣЦЩ
СҳȻЩɰ
̲סֲ᲻صҧһ£Щɳƺͺûи˵
ҶС
ЩյüƵЩ࣬Խˣô죬˵óҹſԡ
ڣҺЩ̲סˡ



72  72 
һƬ
ɴ£ϵĺ죬 ͬȾķϼ һգͻȻǻˮ ֻƯ
ôҲ˿ϱҧĵطǹ˵磬˿˿ƵʹЩڣ СرԹ
󷽷󣬴һ޲Χ۵ļƣ ЦùţͿˣΪǴʮ۶ӣ̸ òҴţ
˵ͨ
ʰ·硣
´Σҧ˺ܾã̲סָ˸ҧ´ĵص۵ġ
˵ԼҲЩ⡣
ĿС̺Ĵϣ ´ϻӡһǳǳӡ Ƿĳġ
ȷʵǣ ûʲô顣ѵóĬЦԣͻˡ
ǵһ⣬ٺƤҲŲסˡ
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ǣ֣İ棬ʲôȤϷһ½һ£ִ˲ƣ
ʵҴδҺ㣬һջദʽƽ˺һǣţȴǡɱ͵Ķ
ΪΣβ΢ɨһ٣ϲˣ
ǻᣬô˵ϲҲᵱ档ǰһĻĻᣬﷴ¶ǵЦ
֪ϲΪȴࡣ
Ϊ֮ӣҲ֤ԼлƢͲõһ档
ǸʱƢá
һŭһ
ȥ¡£ߣҲֻ
ͻȻһ䣺ʱ㵱棬ڣôˣ
Ҳһֱɻĵ㡣
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˽գ˵ֻһʱ𣬹ŪȻܡĲֱ࣬ܶģӲ˵֡
˵ϲ£õһˡ
˰Σü¡𣬳վڹǽһ࣬ģڣҲ͵ģǴͷӲһ渵ĸо
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۾ԲЩش˵Ķҽˡ
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վǱ׼
ҽߣ꣬ΪԼԼȥġ
ֺͱ˰һ𡣡
ףΪӦ١
˶࿴һۣҶ
쳣ԶԶֹЩ
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еţ۾ԲԲģ󣬺ÿòˣԵЩɵֵݣûйϵ
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ҲϾݣҲֻܼ޸ˡ͸Щ͵/㺣ԵΣίⶼ˶ˡ
ɫ졣
ֻʶӡ
Ƕ֡

ҹ䭻˳⹬ţ׼ȥħᡣ
СӱߣųеķۺɷſţһзۺԭպϵĻչ÷ɿЦһ¡
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žǣʹľȥƲϷȴСؿţںɻǰſЩǵͬɵЦ
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һɵЦʲô߽һͷĳɢСؾʩ죬û˰ƣȴԵˬ
Ҳû˳ǲһס߻δϸʣ໵һֻסһСϣĵӣ飬Һÿİ
鲻ԣıƳ£һͷ˿͵Ļȣʣôħô氡СŮĳ
ŵ˺üͷ
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գգۣһҪ使顣
ҲЦ
ݲؽ¿ֲķָ
һͨҺҺϲ
ͷ¶һ˫ʪ۾Щϲеǹ⡣
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䣺ҲǺ¡
ظһ飺ҺϲԽԽϲ
ҶŵħһϴҶҪȥħᣬ֣ûŷڿ
һš
Ķ˰ء
ڿϵЦҲסˡ
ϸԣζΪ˵
ԣ䭺͹ϣŮǵĻ紵ö϶һָڰԾ£ЩľӣһֲشĶС
ӣʣЩǺθ룿
бƳһۣʮֲЩɢζЩ˵ˡ
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ϸ룬ӣҲֻ㣬㡣䭶˶٣ֵˣ䣬СŮĭĭҲħѰ˼ţӦ澭סĥǽг̸
ѾͷҲ򵥣ȻҶ㶯˼ҡҡͷȻá
ۣǽڷĳָָָԼЦùţңƢãСŮ衣ָָ䭣Լ࣬׼㣬ûС
ĬĬ
û˵һԾƮƮ䵽˵ϡ
аɡ
͵һʶ
ȵԺʱ
̧˿ϺɵƲ㣬ָԼš

֡
һĶ

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ŽһңһССĵ꣬ﲻʲô˼С⣬˻Сķܱɻûʲôãͼ֡
ѡһֻСӡ
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ʯƹȻСòȥ˷ڿǰҸ˸С⡣
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Цҭںɫţ̾Ϣһ֪ûôõĴ
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ӭǰЦʣλҪȥ䣿
գΪһΪͼֵòˣ컹ţֵ˵ţʱ㣬ֻûкõλˡǸƹתתӣͬǴ
ºͣأҪȥϲǺͼ˴ĺ䶯
ѽԭλΪͼģ죬ûŵġͷһ֣ЦЩ죬Χˣȷʵܶ࣬ʱǰſʱ򣬾Ͷһѷȥˡ
ͼ˵һŲͼ䵽˼䣬䵽䵽ʱ򣬲űһλ˳ԭһͼϹʱߣƹ˵üһĴȣŵλҲ֪ԪžˣǿĻԵͼϼݵĴλãͼ̫ɬѶҲˣ˷ųϢϣѰһλĻ飬ڷԪžУѰһΪ
©һģʣϲʲôݣ
ǿ˲ãǴ˵еݡ
ϢһտʼӿᣬЩңˣҪСʵ΢ĺ£˭һأ
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˵дܽ׵֣һʴħоܾû뵽¡
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ͼ棬϶Ҫһ
飺ʮа˾棬ǵʱ£ͼվͳǴܱضпţĲǲΣʶˣǶʶá˵Ѱ˺ǰ̸ķʽ
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˵ֱӵ㣬
Լ̣񲻸ã
ȫûҪֱһƽǷǡ
ǣǿ˲ͼõݣѰɿѡ
˼ת÷ɿ죬ܿ뵽һϣ˵ѰѣԪžҵģ⼸ͼνϹźһЩնоջ󡣡
ߣһȻҲʼ𣿡
˵þԣѷ֣Ҫд£϶Լ֣֪мת˶ٵתҲѡ룬˶һ
Ҷû뵽һĺϢЦЦĸãֱУͼƬһƬһƬ
ɵǣ˵ûǰɣҲøˣһ뵽ۣ˾ͲС
ڿĵվ˶ӣ̫˵ôԸôණҲһҪȥԪžأԭǴ⡣
⼸ӣҲЩѵʲôõġ
һ仰£˾ԲĿ
ֿһֱûʲôڸУɵţҲû˵Լ
ԶĵƻС۾ůůɫһ·ʱ
Һϲ
ƴЦѵͫУ̯̯֣ЩɳɳƣСŮġ



73  73 
һ˽˽磬ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬 ǵǰ ֳһ޴ԭһŵνţ Ӹߴŵʹƺƴ˷ڣвһӿˡ
ģǰк
Ӵ˵ǸŮӣ ͺЦǡô ʵ׵Ҷģģ
ҶģţĿɨһƬˣ ͷ˳ҵҲո֣ܷ
ߵͷʾȻ ȥŵ
Ҷһ £ָָˣ ⼸ܵöӣƽزϲ˽Ӵ˶࣬ҿֻײ ֪ڿɻż䣿
££ҡҡͷԴǸؽͣǼ£żͱˣֻͷλá
ʮӣ˶ˣʲôС
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ܲó֡
ѧճӣָؽڣ
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Ҷͷڿǰ档
ռеһ
Ƹּ΢ĽдŷĻƣƸ֣ۡ
ߡ
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ҶͷڿҲֱӿţĿ
ûǵȶã˵ĳϾ͹ˡ
⣬һӳȵζλͣħϣɷһ𣿡
ҶָϺõľα
źܿͱ˴ƿ
ͬܵħһְʵԲС
λĳϽԪǳΪ಻Ƿ֮УҲͬʱĳƸĴҴ
֮ǰǰ֪ͨһֱӽ߹ż䣬ߴŵϰˡ
⻹Ԫͷһμ˵͵ҡ
һʮƸ綥
ÿһ飬һ뢡
Ԫڸסĵȴֺԣ̬һǡôٽ㣬Ȳ˾õҲԼԵ̫΢Ӷʧӡ
λͣҽ֮ԪͿżɽֱʡ
ңֵúĳԱһģڣҲֻһ
˵мλõĲͼ
ƽʱǧѵһƸպͽգͳ顣
ܲòʮά򣬽Ӵֹȶ¼
ۣȻû㿪ڡ
Ҷһˣͣ棬£һˣҿʲô⣬ϡнĳ׼񡣡
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ڿĿ΢ͣȷôЩ˼֪ͼǼ٣ɱ󣬳˸ٻҵȰһ⣬
ָ˵㴰⣬ЦϤζҲ治٣ֵúܡ
Ԫôһ˵ĸЩ
ĶңճӴϤĶǲŵڣ˵Ϥζ٣ôȻ˲ԹҵˣдԹ壬ȴֻҡ
϶е͵ңɽ¶ˮͨλ˴̽٣ܺܺõİԼͼ
µ÷Ըȥǵ̬طźһЩûһȥǲˡ
Ԫػˮ©ֻЦŵͼޱȣ漰Ϲ˭ҲδȻõϣ̫ϳǶۣʵǿԵõ֤ģȻҲҴԼԼơ
ףħǧֺţŵùģϣΣҲҵʧ顣
ԪЦԽŨز
ȻλԲͼȤҾͼԵؽһ
ħ¿һͼĩϣΪѹƷͼϣѰһЯֺͬʱҲ֧ǰݲͼϢѡ
ԪžڼʱΣͼļֵȻҲԡϢղŷųȥյᣬǸ·Ҿۼʱͼļ۸񣬱ضɱ
ǼˣǶ콾Ȼȥᣬܷ޶ĲƸȥͼԪȷ
ǰҪ˵
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ͼˣǧʯټӡ
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Ԫ㹰֣ż䡣
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ӦðѷɣġĬһͻȻ
⻰˵ͷаµʱ䣬Խй
ҶͷЩζˣüʾΪνзɣﻤǻɣվƺ«һϺһʶ˶࣬һСģ͵ñϳ
ʮĴ£Ƿɣڹܡ
ҲãӦðѷɣڿ˿ԼĿռ䣬ɣȴһգ˻ܲǧʯ
⣬ʮ򡣡ڿ˵Ŀ⣬ǱҰô꣬ûָԭʱɲҩŰһȥʣô㶼ˡ
⣬׼Ůļҵס
˿ԼĿռ䣬û˵ʲôЦڿԼճҲʯҩһЩûʲôʣµһЩ͹ľ⳥
һʮ򡣡ϸϸһ£
飺򡣡
䭣߰塣
Ҷˡ
Ϊܵǵƶеš
ʮѾ䵽Ⱦ𣿡Ҷһȡռ䣬һʣʮ쿪ָһ꣬ҲֹôʯɣǵǮأ
ĬĬرۡ
ҶŷڿеЦǲ񰡣
ڿЦһҹĲˣֲԼģ˵ú˭ǮⶼŮ˶
ֻãЩܵܣûֺܹá
Ҷһбǻǣ˭ҲҶ۳Ǯ
⻹ЩţûҪΣֺЦ˵һ룬ͱ䭸ˡ
žţһǮƶѣֲֹϾݣֶ˵Ҳ൱ջҪ˵Щ̻ضȥɣ˾Ͳ̹üͷñҪֱѹĻ
ǰѷɣйɡӿů⣬գգۣҼǵȻϾΪףһݣҵָ
üʡ

֮λ֮ҶҲⲻܹһߺͷڿԣһʣʲôع飬ʮ콫һϷɣ
᲻صһ¹ơ
ĽͣȨġ
ᡣ
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ͼԵЩһժ£ǳļϣɿ˸ѿһɫĻ
ʲôķȻûʮ쿪ûʲô⡣
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ƯĻȣǵյɫĵƻָ˸öռϷħƣ֣صԺ㡣
ҲգһҲ֪ȥûС
̽ʶ̵׼ռеĻ̾ϢƺЦû
Ժ󣬻ÿСŮš
Ҷͷڿĳ׷Ĭʮֹͣ๥ͷ⣬һԲ
У˳ǡ
ͷЩѹŮ



74  74 
ż˵ֺʹһ¡
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аˣ һ۶ֳûû˻Ҷѹѹͻͻֱüģ ʮûĵ飺Ҫɴʮλóȥȥ
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Ҳǵ㣬  ˣûô˰ڲǲһںͽϵǳȺˣ ĲУа٣ٿعƻһУҾǹǽýʹУöλȫ
˵еЦЦ˵˵Ĵ㡣
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ǰΣɢĵصӣħ£νܲ󻼣һв̤ʼ̵ġ
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ŨīȾͫֳ˿ƲΪ˲Ц⡣
ôһ˼
δݾߣħϢǲܱ֪˾٣Ѱʵֲô׽ѣͬʱȡ߶Ĺãǰһ֣Ĺ˻˻ظ
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ʱƲͬȻҲͱˡëȣֻһ㣬ͼϼصλã˽ΣգǳԤ⣬һǰҲзա
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Щ򴽣Ҳûĸͷķɣ˵һϵ¼ֻʣһ仰
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ɣǱһᣬӦ÷ɿ졣


ҹɫѩħϵÿһƬשߣ紵˵ϣ͸ź֮⣬˲ɵó˼־
ҹᣬ˲ϡŹֵ⡣
ЩСûǮ
Ǯ߳
Źһ·ӳͷƵ⹬СӱߣȻѵһ·ķ˷ŵûʲôӦ־ֱϡ
ŮӻҪЩͻŷ飬ԵΣޱȵˣַʥҲԵΥͻأ
һϲЩ
üۡ
üʣ飿
һ
𲻼
ҷſˣƷ಻ǴߴģЩŷȻķ治Уھһ;ȴߵúܳԶ
ϣܾһЩкôġ
Сص٣ͷ۳ˡ
ͫеĺɫޱȴŨīȾ˿ŵԼǰζĹнϢģڷѵҷʡƢǲǺܲã
һᣬĴָʳָϱȻ˸ƣʱôһ㡣
ʣͷ飬ҸƢ
Ӻ˵
ĬѷߣֲԼϣǰ˼Σһһ鶯Լ
ԴЩĻùīɫһ㣬СȷʵЩɰ˵ʲôʲô˲š
ѹǼ˸绤һظǺ
ɫ£ûס׾ĶЦɢͳȥĶջصģ
вõĵط˵
ȲǺ˵
ܸĶ⣬ֻ಻١
һͻ
ѹƣԸı䡣
ֲˡ
գգۣһС̫һЦץҡ£øġ
Ѿܶˡ
ĶѾܶˡ
ƢãΪԹ塣
ĸ
Ҳš
ôӹƢá


ħסţûкܴĲҪ˵Уħ̫ЩҲú䡣
ʮճ䣬һգ۾͹ȥˡ
ѵúһ
Խħȫظ䭣ԼᵽСоס˾ȥԣħʢĽֵ򼸸ˣܴӽͷߵβ
Ϊˣֻħʮͷۡ
ݵû졣
͸
ĭĭħˡ
Σ֪Ҫ̸Щʲô
¹壬һӾȥ˹

ߵСϣ˿ѵϣϥǣҲ
תתţ˹ϡ
ıյСУ˷ɫףβСͷһѪ
ͷһ
ſţͻȻһӲĻ
Ĵһ·£գӡһһĴ/ϡ
׾һ£Щ˷ܵԵ⣬Ķ
˵ˡ
ҶС
Ҫңţ



75  75 
ǱζԴһɲ˾ܾѹ һɽ ѹţЩ΢Ҳܹ
رۣ ϸϸɪʶŵʮᣬЩ֪룬ֶ֪
Σ ԣʵͷһ⡣
ˮɫ ǽľ¡
ǳֹһǡ
ûʲôɡ
ǰɬĿ/ҧͻͽĽˡ
ÿʱ򣬹Ͳ̫ܹԼϢ ӵѹ޼ɵ籡˳ߺǽһߡ
֮á
ǽӴˮҲһ ĵ˫ÿԽ ·ʱܵγˮ
ڵͫͻأֳЩƵɺ ˸Ȥ׼ʳ֮ǰ˷ڴ񣬾ҲƵò񻰣Ԫž֮ ̳ɻ顣
һκ黰Ҫýĳת
شȻ°Ϳһϡ
ڰУЩʼ޼ɵ
Լģֶһؽ࣬һģҲΪ/컵Ȼ
Ǵ
һЩɳɳ⣬˹ӣ˺ðΣڵһ仰ǣϢ΢Щ
Цһ
ˡ޹ǵָ˵ҹڿնĵӰ
̧ĸ򣬷ֱ飬䭣ڿҶȰѿסϢ֣ƳһѹƺƵƥɢȥĵѹһһ
Щһһ̣͹ǰ
Ҷüͷģǲ˵Ҫ٣ôͻȻѹ
˵꣬¿һ飬ʣû°ɣ
ҡͷҪڼȥҶԼͬȥҺ˵䡣
ͻһǿûʲô˺¡
Ҷѵö
˳䣬Слú˵֡
ЩЦѹѹǡ
˵ıӰʧǰ
ϹҶʼǻ¶ʼùģ˳ǣ鵽̶ֳȣҲ˵ʲôԵĻˣ˵ˣҲһ¡
һʱֻԼϵжأһôҩ񵤣ֻһڣЩۿźһ㣬סѹ
㣬ûеһΣΣһֱ㣬̵ܶģ˵Ϊ˺ҶԽ˵Խ࣬ԪžһѰϾݣָǴ֮󣬷޼ǵ£Ҳȥܣǰôôڡ
ڲС
ǵӵѹܲס˵ˡ
ҶԼıԵÿضƲס
ҿǷܡð֮ĵģôһ䡣
仰ҶһģǷˡ
û뵽ҶͻȻ˾䣬ޱȲɣܱѵ
һģ쾻ǰҶЩĶ̾һҪȻҲһԵ
´һۣʣģ
ҶȻⷽͷæ֣ˣһϹͷɾˣʽҿû
˿񷾡ͷ޺ڰͻȻ˵ʵԼҲû뵽
û뵽ôһˡ
û뵽ڹǧͬʱһˣܽĸԸҲԼУһԼִ
Ҷļ򣺡һԺ󣬱۸
ЦһʮСܽ۸ˣ
Ҷ΢㣬ҲҡͷЦ
ǲһġ
飬˵УǴһεġ
ʵһУ仰Զ޷ɡ
ộôŮʢĳϣһϯ棬ֵͣƷСģúһŮ¡
٣ʮ˸ģҲҶġ
ǹС˾֪ʮ칫

ҶһǰһħʱźȲ裬ڿ綼ûһĴɻĲɣʱʱƳһ۰ա
ĴͻȻͱˡ
䭣ԵΪڵĴη²յ쳤ӿʱİɣʮʮ֮ڣҶҲˣӲأñȹãΪǰ׻İ
ĵҲġ
ǴģϣΪֵò졣
ΪһЩе¡
ȴҲý͡
Բ鷳
ŵˡ˵ָָ̧꣬ǰĳȣ
żһ㣬ƮƮͣ˸ǰ´˼ۣãûгִ򶷵ĺۼԲ۾գգһ
Щʱյȥȶ˲١
ʱԼȥҹĳԡ
˶ˡ
ģĭĭˣھħţŵ˲٣˵ҲΧô˵
ڿһһĵҲǴ̸ֱ
Ҷ룬壬Ķңǵһѡ˭
˭
Ȼʮ졣
ֱԹǣǵݣҲ͵ǰϡŵǵȻ磬ĭĭ˵ɡ
飬ȻһԵСͷСŮȴлҪذڿЦһҲǣǸ࣬˲ϲ
Цһζʣòþޣ
ЦҲ˵ʮ˰ϣĭĭŵġ
ڿ²£ǰģЩ
ڿҲƣʮλŮȻС
鲻Щҡͷߣȷʵǰͷ
Ҷһˣüô£ô˵ڰף
һξãԼӦĺܺÿ
ͬһ˼꣬ԼѰˡ
ŵڶţһ͵ͷڿЩϵ
ڿˣ˿бŵĻ裬ô磬͸ҼҹŮ˸λó𣿡
ЦòУ䭺棬ȥԸߴĭĭ
ɸֵظڷڿߣŮңܲϵģ
ڿɫĪһȥŮٻϣԻᵱڳ塣ңУ·һԹ°ˣ˺ӣ£ᶼضᡣ
֣ѹЩ˵ܵҵϢ£Щϡ
ڿ˿ٳٲѿĻ裬ĬӦˡ
аɡ
ںӵķϡ
һ
󣬹һ䣬ٳ˸磬Ƕڡ
һ࣬䭻ħĳλ̬ŭ
ĭĭΣʾˡ
ò޻ˡ
ȷһʡ
ұǰԸҹŮķ緶
ǰΪǰ˵һ£
ĭĭףͣǡ
渵ǰĭĭδ˵Ӧί֮ԣգħӦҲĭĭԺһ£ȷʵͷкôġ
ݣ˭Ҫء
ƢŹֵʮҲⲻס
νĭĭǣűߣЦЦݣȷʵǺö
ҶһһΪĲͼڷԪžҵݣڴ룬ңͼҵȴδǼٲжΪһݶķѲСһʯֵ
УȻ̸ͽ̸
ĭĭƬ̣ͻȻ¶˾ģ̧ħʵͼҽңҲһ顣
ŶĿһ˲ָֺͣܿ糣
⻰ȻѾ˵ˣģҲûʲôˡ
ĭĭŵͼ֪飬ңÿһͼϣһݵĴڵأ޼֮
ʱ򣬲ͼӵߣѡŵùˡ
Ҹ׵˼ǣʮսƣҸ׽鲻ǳʵĺ顣ħܳɣҽҲѧűǮһףҵݣ԰ּɡ
ͻȻڣʣ˼ֻħ˵ʮ졣
ĭĭЦô󷽴ݣ֪ʮϵŮмλǾòģǽûô붯ʮλȻǺóʮɵĳ⣬ϣʮ죬ܱ֤ȥˣܶݺ͵ߵʵ
ʲôЦĻ߸ϣվڵеŮӣʣ㸸׵ԭ
ĭĭЦ΢
λȷʵԼӵġ
׵˼ǣʮˣˡ
ǣŶٵĲ񣬻бˣӲʵȥʲôã
鳯˰֣䣺ȥ㸸׵˼̸ͬ
⻰˵
ĭĭ壬츳ǰéڼ츳ֵøãĵĽǿףԼܳΪͬ飬Ϊƣݣѹ²㡣
Ϊĳʮ㣬˼Ҹ¡
ĭĭͦñֱԹ˹֣̬ʣϣλħؿһ
ǡ
Ӱȴ
鵽ʱ°ͣ裺̫ˣҡ
ˣӣָ˵°ͣݳ˺֮󣬸Ϊ˭Ժ󻹸ҲСŮ
ãЦһ˫ȫĹ
ĭĭߣħ̾ͽ˵ڤʹ
˵Ŀ⣬ɨɫķڿ
ڿƤ£ʮֲڣʲôҺûϵ
Ȼûϵô϶¡
˽
Цúÿֻʣһ죬ԹһûأڤŮʵѪͳӦˡ
۾һᣬǵóʲôˡ
ˣͬһ



76  76 
ҽʱ ۵׶֮ɫ
λŮʣ ˵ģ飬 ;Ҫѹڽĭĭͷϡ
һװ˴˼Ż߳ľɫŮӣһһЦζ
ûдЬ ׾һһ
Ը衣
Ҳף ͷϵҲ΢΢ζ
ʮֳÿһ۶ص࣬һ ̫ϲ߹հȦӣ˲£û׺Ѽ䣬͵Ůҷڿ
Ĭһᡣ
¹ݣ ڿħ鲢û֪ Ҳڿڡ
ң ڿ֮ľ𣬴Ҳ֪
벻ֻзڿԼ˵˲㡣
뺢֮以Ӧģ ֪飬ЩȾζҷڿ£Ů֪һ
ڿеĻŵȻѣַƹһ磬ɫҶϣαһһ˫һ۰УֳЩ̫ѺõЦʲô£˵
һ޲ϸ˵̬
ü
󡣡ף֮˿ȥ
ڿĿҲ֮ŲǸоϣɨһ֮ĵЦ㽫Ķףô߻˸ꣿºԺ
ҴӾнӹһҲ̧俪ڣҥֹߣڿӱͬ𣿡
ڿ̫Ѩͻͻ£վȻ˵Ҫ£˵£û£ɢˡ
ͫ峺еĶݵУ޲ȥ
ڿӹչһɫͱˡ
ͼ
ͼһڿףʸУԲм١
ɺϣڤǡһ顣ҵպͼӦ֮׵ϾݣϲŮӦҪ
һ顣
ڿŲͼ࣬ʣΪ
۵ƣֹסĸֲ¼ԲҲԵ޹ڱǵģ
ɶˡ
ڿº˵
ԪžУһֶҶ˶٣ֱӵҪµľɫ
⵹ð죬ҵݣҵɫҪطѴ
Ҫɫʲôڿ˻ȥʡ
ԼࣺӳҪɫԸʺĻ֪϶ٱ
ڿЦһʣվ˵ҪĶһûϹġ
䣬Ҳܵģվŵ֣ĿǰͱõĶһһϡ
Ƭ̺󣬷ڿŶԼα߸ɫ汦ĬĬر˫һۡ
ͷһξãԼŲţҵò񻰡
һ˳֣¡
ʮǾ׮ܳɣͼǾȥԪž֮գټ
ɡ飬ǼˡڿƤ˾
вͼֻҪҵݣҵɫȫó׸죬ǿںɢ⣬ɷϡ
վ΢һף̤ȥһ˲ûӰ
ȥƷŮӡ
˴
üиЦǸУֶκʵӣͬڤΪ磬Ůʣ˸͵ӣ˷˵ˡ
ҶҲزһ䣺Ըǻ
ڿûд
ӹеĻ裬ֽŵĲͼŵУǼϾλõǿ顣
ŷڿ֪˵Щʲô
֮ǰڿһ߽ӵ汦սռ䣬һĵصЩлĻͲ˵ˣ˾ͷָۣãģʲôҿġ
ԼĻ裬ֵŵСֶŮ֮󣬻ġ
ݸʮֺӦû⣬Ҵĺ
ҹ⹬յƣҹоͼ
ĲʣʲôҲûУ߶֮󣬷ǵͼ¶һ·Ť䶯ĺɫӣŲϵͼͣ¶
о˺ܾã۾˿¼йڷԪžмء
ӻģҲûʲôüĿ
ûʲôԭ
ʵǷԪž̫ˡ
Ԫž磬ȥ֮൱һĽռ䣬Ԫžرգµʱ䡣
ϴȥ£Ҳûž顣
ҹ෺۾ѰħĲأм˷Ԫž鼮˻ְԼԺеӡ󣬽ͼ˳
ʱڻͼԱ̯˵ıһֽţŮģ棬ɫƻ£ϸϣϸСëůɫĹ⡣
ûг
ЩܸѧԼȥ
һߵĽ
һɺ켰صѣĵԽȣīڰ뿪Ĵߣ΢΢Ŀ
ټֻʣǳǳĺ
콫ʱڷ˱ʣһס۾
ʱŷִڱ߳Ҹӵˡ
ƹߵǰʣʲôʱģô
Ŀɨǵֽá
ɫᣬҲһ֮ɫƴˣ
˳ĿȥС϶ʱֳ̫һЦݣ󣬽ߴϹĥһҹҲȷǲ׼ȷλãӦǰ/Ųʮģ
ߡ
ϣһŴµĲͼ¶
ϸϸؿ
ǣ/Ųʮ
ʵܾЩƫҪλáϸָͷָͼϵĳһûɽûļĺûΣյǺűʶȥƽƽ޳
˵ԼĹ۵㡣˳Ǹָͷ߷СԴɻãȻС΢ŵºЩ
ҼǵûλãǷԪžĽأҿӣǽʵף̧ӣʳɻ󣺡ǽأǽȥ
Ԫžֻйܿ
ز׼룬ǴԶŴĹأ֮أκ̤㣬ֹأǿԵġ
֮ţԶŹصڡ
֣˭Ҳûȥ
ȻǹŵģȻĵ˿عأЦһ
ԭΪݺͼǸһԵϾǰôأҲûĺ£ڽĻǶתתˮһգ
ʹüģһ֣㼯ƬͼûãѹҪ
ейͷŴЩЦĵӣҴĺòˡҲû¶Ҳӡ
˵棬
ȻǿڻֻǺԼȥ
һ˵¾һ㴼ͣ𣬡ڣλΪ֣
Ҳû룬ҡͷ
Сûߺŵϲ֮⣬عţ϶ŵɣϹŵ伮ÿһмأزܿس
ָܴۣĻɲҪϾݣҲ⡣ÿü𣬻дŵ⣬Сȴƻɫĵˮһ
°ͿķϣĵЦЦǲ˵ҪչЩＥ˼ʶʶСŮı𣿡
ûˡֻƤץ׵ò񻰵棺Ժ󣬻̵ӵ磬չЩ
ˡ
ˣʲô⵹
ͷĵزķƣģʱ򡣡
ָһ㣬üָͼĳ㣬⴦ˣͼԣݣڽء
һչȥһǴһһűʣһ߸ģһߵôô
⻰佱ζͦŨ
һ
һɽ˿ϷӰУսңеʲôʱ򣿡
ҪȵҹŸĿڣ
ͷһĶ飬ЦһôȰȥˣ



77  77 
ڶգ޸Ĺĵͼó Ҷ˿ ȷ˴λá
ⷽ棬ҶͷڿĲó ûۣ۾ͻˣ˵ģǾͽһط ĩˣҶζ˵˾䣺ط غܽ
ڿҲ˵ȷʵ
ü⣬ùͼٿһ飬ҹŻʱ ʾڽڣˡ˵һһ׼޸Ĺ ݵλã žһ鵽һ֮䡣ָǿ
ϸ¶Ļ Ҳֻó
ǰϸۣ˲ͼȷʵҪ㲻٣ ŵλȷˡ
һϣ䣬ڣѾܹ侲˼⣬ף˼һᣬʣɣʲôʱ򵽣ϾݵĲͼҵˣǧݵϢõ顣
ϢǧݵǿͼҪõϢѡҶֱԲ䡣
ɣǵ䵽ħһ£ţ¿䣬ûͨϢһһһħ
ϢҶ
ʱ˯ѡ
ڿѰ
׼ȥ˷ɣϢʶ۾Ҫµȥǰڿֹ
ôǣЦ͵һ棬һ˯ȫˣ˿飬ʡ
βŵѣţɮ濴棬Ʋݲ̸ҲҪɣһЩӣͶȥǡɣҶҲڣǺǾʶ˵ĻͶһЩ
һЩ£е㲻ڣҶħҵĵ̣˵һ䣬ҵߣϤϤ
˵ָָڿȻͽ˳Ҳ˵ԭֱӾˣ·ϢᣬƶѰء
ð֪⣬ʷڿôˣ첻Ը
ڿһ˫һЩ⣺ʲôԸģ涼ûء
ǣ¶ɻ󣬿ŷڿ֪ôѯʡ
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ڿŰеҶ죬Ǹ׽ģһһõģʲôֻһ
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ãʮŮҲʱʱ̿ŮµݣҲһô򵥣װĶЩʲôɵ˻Ǳͬˣ
泳һ´Ӵµأ飬ƤңʣôˣڿôͻȻôǲˣ
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Ҳǵһ
˺һᣬʣأ𣿡
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ҲˣǸΪˣɫǺܺÿͷһؾԼܵӣһֱͷĹجжѹɫһѾ
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رǷڿ׷ôãǸζνǿ̹ģٳ
ҶҲ죬ѵ˾ֻ
ɣվ죬Զسɴ磬͵˸ǰ
ŷڿ¹ŮĻ衣
ڿҲе㲻ˡʮϣȻøⰮ˵ĹϵҲܺãܽиԷֵܡ
ǰӣ֪ɣݺΪλʱһооǲţͿ˵һС
ε飬ʵûϵ
ƲؽɣеĻ裬Ʋض׵һߣʲôҲû˵
Ҳ߶˵ЩʲôԭǸԴǵӣ˻ãԼҵ⼸û취
飬ҿǲܡڿȿ˿ڣԣҶǾ仰Թ´ΣҶô˵һ򡣡
ңжԹҶֲ˲ǣЦ˵˵Ķˣ
ܹײײڿʾĻ裬ѿˡ
ڿһֶе㲻ȡ
ɫĻµӳٳûжڷţ¶˺СһƬѿ̵û⣬ѿ滹ŶƵϸСë
ڿЩˣôͻȻѿˣ
޲ִӣĵѣոջһֱڷɣﰡ
ÿˣܹɣչˡ
ڿҲ⡣
ڣչˣȻֵŮϡ
ڿ˿Թվڷɣͷ죬ֿ˿ɫеƣķɣǳ˳飬һ仰Ҳû˵
ҲеΡ
ɣȴδ߹ЦԴʣħ𣿡
һᣬͷ棬Ҳûٵطʱ䶼ݺͲͼˣЩʱҸ㻭ͼ԰ͼϵĵطһ䡣
Сվڷɣļͷ࣬ŵ󷽵Ц⣺лСŮ
ĿСͣһᣬͷһϺ棬ȴĳϣҲ˵Щʲôֻǵ˵ͷЦظҲͷһˡ
˵ֻӵʯ治١
ڿźҶֱ꣬׵кһ٣ЩǱûڵϣ豻˿ռúõطš
ɣ߰δڣЩƵؿ л
ɣȻЦЦ֣лĻͲض˵ˡ
ž۹ļˣºͣôҵķϣһЩӣ
ǼСģҲΪѵ¡ͻȻЩƣûļӣҲûڸݣֻǺƽ˵飬ҴСã죬˺þãȵŻˣҲҡ
ͻȻһᡣ
ۡ
ڿĬȻ
еζһ̣



78  78 
ƻ
ʱ˴ֵĻ˭Ҳûᡣ
Ҷ˷ڿ
СԺ ʯϣ վ֮ʯϣԴ ɫĶЩǡ
İɣٴġ
һѾĬĬǵҪٴ ƢһΣ ù۸ʮµġ
Ц
˻û˵仰Ҷǰ顣
СԺʯʯʣ е˴Ҷӵļ԰ӣ˴˶Ĭ˺һ
δüϲָ䡣һˮҿɣɸ˻ˣĳ붼ˡ
˳ ࣬ ǽŮ նðСŮ
ЦЦﲻ⡣
ǰҵʯҲó
һ㶣Ц˼³
ʱ ִϣ˼СӰӡ
Լû뵽ٴμѵʱ򡣡ǰҵʱ״ɣ޲ߣȥ£Ǹʱ򣬾ܻ˵СŮˡ
ض˵Ҹˡ
ô᣿СֵԳ𣬾ͼ縺ǧ飬μأʲôҲм˵ڵӣʱɣͬ˵ڵߣǼõģٿӣ¼ϲ
²ϲ˶ԣҴģСŮˡЩԶ׼Ц⣺ɣ˵ºСŮڼһȴδ뵽ԭ¿֮졣
Щ˼˿»磬˵ţɣδΪʲôкϸ˵
ͷǧݵ飬ɣ˶٣ͷԼӣҶԣѹңָܷԭȴôҪˣѵãǿʵɲѰ
ֻҪߣʲô̬ʲôݻţ񣬶С
ȷʵÿ
գۣƬ̵¡
ԷɣԣȴѰİպҹŵͷ˵һ˫ˡ
ôЩ꣬ôġ
붼Ҷ롣
̾һһδüͷɣ˵أݵ£ȷʵܱ̫ϣδ֪̫࣬п島Ϲϵ˵þˮһգʱ򣬱ϣԽʧԽ󡣡
Щ֪ݱޱȺ֮õòҲûʲôʧġ
ֺ˼䡣
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֪ԣϤˣԶʮı˴ˣһܶ࣬һҲ١ҶƤһƣʣƽضΣʱȫˣ
˾ͶĬԹˣ
ڿٸҿñӣҺʱ˵ͽۣħҵô࣬ΪξͲǲ飿ǲ㻹ϲ裿
Ҷһ
ۣĬһᣬ飬յ£ȷʵ˼ǷܣߴˣưëҲûܸĵ
ҽգû˼
죬Ƿɣĵ£ǵãҿųãأȻ֪
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֪ãʵûʲôɳģ֪ҵӣֻǶ쵱һûôȤҶ͹춼ʶҴȥͻأû˵
ͷҶңҲֻһС°ˣûзϡ
죬ȷʵûʲôĸ飬ֻɣķˣеĿһȻҲܹ
ڿǰҲɵҶļ磬úãһЩʮ죬ûеλŮ¡
˵ףҲΡ
ҲһŮ¡

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ʮ죬ֻȱ˷īڣǰԨΪ罫Ԫžһ£æòû֡
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ˣʢ
ħ
һٽδκξٴ룬ַûû䣬Ҳû
¶ʮħѽ봺ͣڶĩ
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ĩǰٻῪӡ
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ѡַãڼʳסţг
һΣγѰģʱ̫࣬Ҷ¸ˡ
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˯죬קŹಽ۾
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첻ô
ʱ˯°ʱ
ҶʮϡСŮģǵùŪ£·һ٣˼ϰѧ˸߲ˣһҹ͵˯һʱ䣬óʳ
ֽԴ˻ȥڿࡣ
㣬ҽͻȥûʲô£ȥЪҲ¡Ӵչ۾еۡ
ˣٻȥ֣ϵ⣬ţˡ
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ҭҭ
˶ڿΧĵƣûôעߣһڣŲʱڽţյߣС´ΣôףӶҸҴˡ
ôҲЩӡ
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СС
磬ҹ˵ƽִŲ˾ܾζ
ͶҵдЩ⣬Եøһ´Σ´עһЩ
Ｗһ󲻽֣ԼϣһһҸ
ôС



79  79 
һҹ֮䣬ɽΧ ͷ棬 ɽθߣݵһ£ ͷɿѿ֦ɽΧһΣϪճţ 
ʮ֮ϣʮľ齸һľ룬 ŷţԶһƬ޾ зƣ˷ٵɽܱߣֱһεϵסòȥ
ȴ壬 ɽϣ з죬 ɢľʱ򣬿ɹ˰Լϲãѡ
 ڴ˵½ơ
ȽԼľѡˣõʱʣµġ֣Ȼһߣ͵ӣǵ÷ֿסڻѶδסһЩ˼ˣⲻһ
Ȼףģ
Щ飬㵽ΪֹҲϲܺ˽µģ˵䣬㲻˵ʲôȥڿߣʣڤǱߵӣҳٳû͹ȥ֮ĹϵͷΣţͲ
˵꣬оµ軨ŵڿУͷɽ¿ʼϲģ˴ø⡣
գѰԼϲС¥㣬ִ󷽣֣һȼŵķϼһơ˵ͷۣЩص
㻹ƣ֦ͷժһλ֦Ļ
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էһ֣ëȣʣٻᣬ䱻𣿡
֪ӦǻġϲӺļ˽ĿЩػأͷûȥѣϻصĴսҲûаԮ㰴ͷ˼Źȥ
˵ˣϲ֣˶ĳϣԼҵᶼӲϯٻᣬҲ
Ļ֦סͷ˿ʵҲһ䱵ˣײģĸǹŵģٻģ඼ǶɳɫŮӣʲôͣʲôݵĶУδķˣʮ߰ˣڰٻϳֹġ
ͶɻһЩпصҲҪȢˣҶӡȴܻͣڵҶſڣұʱ򡣡
һ˫ÿҲϻ֮ɫҺʶʱҲа壬Ҫ䡣
Ĭ˺һᣬȻúõػţҲûʲô𣿡
ǸʱѾǿˡ΢΢ۣ峿èһһοһ˵ľ䱡
Цһ£֮ȻƷвˣͷһǿǿϣѪǿ츳ڣٿЩȼҵȣҲǲ֮¡
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䱴ܡ
ˣ򵥡
ѡĵطԱߵĵɽϣһСԺӣǰһƬأŲҶҩΪҶ۵ѿҩҲޡ
СϪʹԺſڡ
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ϲָͷһ㣬ԺӶ˿ڲСĳܿ죬Ҷˮ棬ϵζԽŨ
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¶ʮߣɫת
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Ա߾ǹԺӡ
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Ա߻վһδıӣ£ȲƷһٸһ̬ŵǡôȴֲԵõ΢
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СŮҲһһĴֳУֶӵԴСŮ衣
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浹裬û˵Լҳռͱһ磬ڹǰ̬Ҳû˵ӵݰţ˵ˣ汾ˣҲֻǵķݡ
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СŮȻˣսߣѪǿᣬµĺñؽǿ
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ԼգЦˣ֪ſҺüء
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λԤʱ飿ڤ񣬱׼ʱϡ
ģǹϵһˣٺƤҲеⲻסˣǿ򶨣ϽȾһһɫ
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80  80 
Ϊѹ֮ǿͼڶ೤ϵı£ һǿĽƣ Գ
һƽƽĲ
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ݵĲͼ֮һ ֵΣͲϷλˡϷ֪ ӦΪħ߲һ¼ͼκˮ֣ħ
棬˵ ֱӾۡ
ֱͦ Щ
ļۣ ǧʯÿμӼʮ𡣡

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żЦݵˣ ץŹֹǰĶҲͣ˵ǧӼֱۣӼһǧȥ
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һ߷ռеʯһ߻أҲȫЩ죬Ϊͼ֪ӿħνӴˣʲôУ֪͵ҲˣЩɣʤΪ֤ͼİȫ֪ܲ˶ٳ
ң֮УɽֵģһҲûмɲ͵öЩҿѡ
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ֹŷŴüĿᣬҲѵôһЦ⣺ʮҪϾݣǲͬһĿ꣬ҲãǲƼҶˡ
ھˣҪ˵ĻְֻҪӲ֣ΣʮþܽǧݵϢȥ
ĳϳ˵ġֲ䣬δڣǱϵżһĵģŵɢζ
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ؿһۣҳȥҲûǮ
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ܿ죬гԻŲͼǰǰ
ˬض˰˿ʯЩСĸ̸ˡ
ǿͼ˫棬ӡ·ǣõǿͬС죬ȷʵͼ
᳡˳ȥǵż⣬һˡ
ˡ



81  81 
˻صԼסʱ еѾŲпգ ɣǰл
ѵõģɣë ȥԱһǵȻȥ
ССĺӰʧڿҰĺڰС
һۣǺҹȼյһŰɢݶ °ɨשϣһ̳Ӿƣ ѵòôע
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ɣҲ⡣
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˵лϾһΪึǧ Ҳûʲô
ɣĿ䵽ľ̳ϣʣ˶ˣ
ࡣݶϣ˫Ժ󣬾̳ȵͣڰУۣʱʱźôһڡ
ȷʵȵòࡣ
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ףϥһֻԺ󣬰ۣͻȻ˾䣺Щ꣬ʲôܣ
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һᣬԶϸ䵱ʱΣʶŵõͶᣬΪԤϺףһ죬òͻȻҪʸܣʵݲܻ硣
ÿգճξΣֻ֮󣬿ʲô뵽ص£ľȥֿշζ߹ʵҲߡ
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ڿΪ飬˵Σպİġ
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ͣڤһѭʼּ⣬ԺϲΪʹ˸˵Ϊβˡ
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ֵ͵͵ظһ飺Եġ
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82  82 
˷ڿҡ
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ʵ̫ǣ¼Ҳ˵ˣ ڤһϣѪĿҲΪٷ֮һԺãĶǣ¼Ǳ飬 仰۶ܱ
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ΣϯϣͲҪ˵һֵǵصķáʧʣģҲճ
ʱʮ󣬹ΪһѡŸٵ



83  83 
գɽеĽʧ
齫ħĵӳ׷һϣ ٻ᲻ʲôССֵĳϣ ÷ֳȫӦԡ
磬 ˾һȲ衣
ɽ죬㲻֪Ұȸߴߴؽл֦ͷվţ Ⱥӣ͵͵ɣֵ졣
ų ǸϵһߣָϻǸģ ʹǰֻ̰ƵСȸغϡ
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ڿŮȹڣӯӯһݣ˲Զľ룬üĿǷ飬ȴָһĴ
ڿҹҳȥ֮ͲþˣǲųһƬСҶĹŮˣһ͵ȥð춼¶ͷ˲
ţʱǾԼкܵڤ㣬վԼԶĵطһ
Щ߻ħ
ڴϣȥľǺϲۡ
˹ˡ
ɡڿ˸Զ¡
Ů̹ʣ׼ʱŮʵĻѶ
֮⣬ʲôʱûϵ
һᵽŮʺͻѶۣڿЩͷۣѹѹͻͻ̫ѨѶ硣
գ֮󣬲֪ʱ棿Ůóת
ҳԵڿȻҲҪû˵ͷ˵˾С
ҡŮ˵һ֣ͼҵĮ⣬׼̤ȻҲ˵
˵Ŀڰн㡣
Ů촽˵û˵ĻҲˣôãͻȻˡ
תߡ
ŮڿʩһǸаСޣӰʧڰա



84  84 
ڿһ·׷ڹսǴ˴ˡ
һҹûۣ ƽؿʵţ ѵԳЩƣɫһԲקͬ˪һصԺӣ һӣƾճ֣˵Ϣڸ˸ס
һЩ
ʲôڿƣʡ
ʲôڿüͷü ѵðڳģ Ҳյ
ġҲֱִԵڿҺæ ûʱҹĻ⣬ڵûȥ񡣡
ڤ궼û˹ܣһʱ𣿡ڿڴٳССЦһ ֪ڤѪں֮¿ʼ Ͷ첻죬 ӲǱӣˣ㵹˵˵
˵⣿Դû¶תߣ
ҵͷ 侲ؽŵڱҿߡ
ʱ򣬷ڿĿ͸ˡ
ͱڡ
ңֲ˵СǾûƽദԺӳˣô죿ִָ
ڿ֣ҲЩõõڤΨһͳĻŮѪʮ죬Ҳܵҵϲ
ڿϵЦ΢üģŬҹԼ˵ĻѰ˼ȷʵҲû˵ʲôֵĻ
С
תݣò׿¶ͷĴݴرȻ֪֮ĽգССҶƬһתңһתڿ֪롣
˰׵ָḧ˸ҶƬϵϸСë֪볹׳Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ջŲĿ⡣
չ˺ͷϵ£ӳ߲ʵ
ڿҲŶ˶Сѿ΢ҲҵĹѪ⣬ġ
ףһĲ΢࣬ұ㲻ˣᡣ
ڿƤһԶʣĹϵ᣿
ʲô
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ڿһᵽеĺ塣
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˵꣬Ҫߡ
ڿһζס
⻰ʲô˼Ͳˣ
ҿһۣ㲻Ϊ⣬žԺ͵ڴ㣬Ҳǿ⣬һδ䵽Եĵز
Ҳٶϲͷ£вϣұֻܵ򡣡
ҳһ죬ɳתһڿɢӰȥߵɴ࣬˿ˮ
ڿϻϵ¶ȣŵڤ㡣
Щʵǡﻰ
˵ûд
ֻҪߣֻҪڤ󲻴⣬ͲЩƲϵ
ڣ˵ЩЩۣôÿ룬һϣ̴̵ʹܣϰߡ
漴ڿ֣Ҳʼˡ
ǷڿȡС
Ԣ⣬⣬⡣
СһﻹͦƢҲ֪˭ڿ޿κεĺ޶Ļ裬̾ϢƵ˵˾䡣

ٻһգ鲼һ±̨վ̨ԺҲӭһЩˡ
Ǹģһһ忡һʳ
Ķ˱ȭ˵˼лȥ˸ڹԺݼ
þЩ
һˮ
ʱ֪СŮЩʲô˼ʱСŮʮϲ˼ʳģЩɫϣСŮϲôãٴμ棬ϢȴǰǿһЩ沿Ҳ壬ֻ񴺷硣
òʲôصĶ
ЦŽ˹ȥ۾ͺܺˣҺϲ
СŮϲͺáʱǣӵˣ˿ֳ̻ǰվ£ᣬŽģʽѵͻȻͺͷ
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Цţܿ콫۵׵ѹȥ
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ɰúܡ
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ôˣ󣬴Щζ
ָָڵԺӣһƲѹԹ絽ǰݻ˾ûͣߵĲ裬һ磬ûȣʣöŶӵȥ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ϸϸ˵ӣ˼ʱûʲô𣬲˼ӣҲЦ۾ǳһǡ
ŲյֺڣֻһɿǵɳڵĻȴκʱҪᣬû¶СŮˣǾͶɢˡ
ɺͱ䣬СŮҲϳ𣿡
˵ͷָͷڸɾСϣ۾ڰ׷鶯ᣬɣϳģˣ治ҵǿһб˺ɣĳƺţҪ쳹磬涼治סˡ
ûӴСŮصӴСŮģϲΪϲζ
ͱ
գգ۾ЦٻϣûпŮӣҷ˵ͬõܶˣڴء
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ףοû£ڲ˼䣬дѵʱѭ򽥽Ҫż
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ʴ˰ʰ
͹ǡ
ˣߵǰıӰɫʱͲ̫ÿˣ֣ͷס۾Ľëв򴽣׼
Ǳôˣģòˣ׼˵ˣЩЦʡ
˳ûӰӣڵطơ
ʱ俴࿴ҡ
˳ǣ˵¡
֮Щʱҿֵǩҵ˼ǣ飬ҾͲˡ
ͣôõһͻȻЩ⶯ķƵص
Ҳ
Ǹ뻹û˵ͱ᲻صָǣ̧۵ףв⡣
Ⱥੲݣǿҽ飬ΰٻһˣŮԿ£µĵӡ
Ƥ
δ£ߵģ˸ƨɺͷ׺ţҵýҵΪ˽һ᲻ġ
˵⣬ֳһ˿ίЩ˾ҴȥԪžѰһԵ
ǶңҺܲϲ˵ܷƢ
˲䲻ˡ
ҧҧȥ
ﻮЦ⣬һ죬ȥ




85  85 
ɽصٻʢš
ɽ֮ϣ ֣ ʮ֮⣬ֻ ӰɫС˵϶ľ޴ϣ΢Ƶ䡣
Ů׵Ѱһ׳ʵ֦Ѿߵλã 
Ҷ¶һɫԴǳС룬 ι״⬡
Ƥ׽ԲСŮ֦ϣȹסֱϸȣޣ òɷһһЦǲ˵ķ飬Զ˫ŵ˵
Ҳ͵ϰ𣿡Ůףʮֺ ÿﶼǲһСӣ β Ҫӡ˵ȥһ
һ»к
֮£һ˳¹䣬³磬򵥵һ īɢҶУ̺Ļ걻紵𣬴ɽϻλεһҶСۣɽס
ôԺſڿ羰Ҷʡ
Ůߵĳβƣǧģ񻣬ŮӣҡĻͷΣȻ㵹
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Ҷ˲ɽĶԣҲ˲ʧ
˰һ
ȻͬȴͬעĿ
ҶǰޣֹˮԺɫԺã˴ľҲδϢ
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˵⣬ģʣµģͿڿôˡŮüһأЦҳʮƺô˽ء
ڰٻϴǰ֪һ
ŮƮƮԾȹҶ˸Ȼűѩ׵СޣƮȻȥ
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ͺЦŲĿ⣬תԼĶӣ޵۹⣬ӦҲʲôëɡ
ٻᣬ˼ѡϱҲⲻףԼϴСĶѡ£ǧΪԼϵʧܣ䱶һ;ʧ
¸
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Ů˷ĿϰΪȻɫδƬ̵ĲֻС˵ѩվһ𣬴ϹǳǳЦ⣬һƬɫ
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ں̫˵
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˽УҶҡһƨȥ
ԭҶ
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ϯߵĳĿ棬²Ϲһϯ
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ΪһλȨġ
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˷ڨڨر졣
һĨأӿƺһ޴Ŀӣڳۼ֮ˣ޲ܵǹܽѵǿ⡣
ƿգλͷɹ
֮У޼ɵģڶ롣
ȻˣôһλãҲȥˡ
Σʮռλá

ȷʵҲûʲô˵ġ
ҪʵȴСӣÿһˣǸλá
۷սǿò񻰡
Ƶλߵߣ΢ɼü
ڳλԳ񣬾Ҳȹڣ˸ϵ
ôһΪӱˣзڿȥոء촽⶯ߣ䵽ĶС
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Ϊվжڴףڵλ飬ձõһߣ׷£ѧϰ֮Թһطȣһ;ֹ

䶼÷顣
ҡ
λŮҲеⲻסĳϣսʶظʩ˸Сĸ硣
лɩӡ죬ɩ֣˵ޱ
Ϊȷʵ˵Ҫ׵Ļ
ɩȻ磬ҲͻֳһЩ
Ҷһ˲뵽˷ڿŮĶԻĮȻظɩӡ
СŮұɡλûֲСŮкøУ˶٣ֵɽҵС佡



86  86 
û뵽Ůʣ иɰС
۾ ȵ֣һ佡
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СŮúܣ ֳƯ
὿Ҳûʲô
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̧ͷҲӦһ תķ ѺõЦЦ
΢㶣 ܿ췴ӦһЦ¶ССС
ҳĬһֵСŮ 㻹תɡ
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ת֮Ѹ٣
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һֵڶֶһЩһųé®ûãֻһǻѪ͹ģҲǸų棬۽磬иʲôõ
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صüģǰңΪβ罫Ѫһͬס
ô˵ģ
ڿͷһۣʵʵ˵֪벻֪ı䲻κ飬ǸĽԶƤ³֡
ͷеۣʮӣƶʺ϶һˣԱôԼ¾ô
˭⣿
Դ˵Ǿ仰󣬾Ͳ̫Ծˣ˵ĻҲĪͷԡ
ҲͰˣҲһŮӣҪÿæòɿţܲỹ˼
ڿ˶٣̧еصһ磬ͻȻ˵Ҫͱ˳ס
˰Ρ
ļٵģе㲻ţǲ˵ʲôˣȷʵ־һ¶ŵӡ
Ҳ֪ڿü֮ҪǸǣִնԣҾ͡
侲㡣ǵط佲޸֮ĽС㣬״Ҳ͸
ҰٻôˣΪǶæģҳӵġһ˵ǣ֣֮λҲˣЩʲô
ζķڿļ򣬵Ϊ˴ǨģΪŮʣɸ޿ɺǵ飬Ҫô˼⡣
λɱġ
ڿЩ⻰˼
ַƢ
ڰҵĴ



87  87 
ҡҡͷɷµصǰסң ˵ʵ ʵ㻹
Ҫʵ̶̫
ڿһԲȥ磬 ֣ʣȻı䣬ͱȥˣȥ˵˵ ԼԼҲ£ Ͳýǩȥ
ҡͷҪȥģң а취Ӧ
ڿǵؿۣǻ˵Щʲô󵽵û˵ڡ
ʮˣ̬ȣһµġ
׵£ ȥ
òף ΢䣬 Ǽ֣Ҳȥ
ĳ̶ֳ˵͹ĽʽЩ
ԼŪˡڿĬĬز˾䣺ʮû룬Ǽ ס
Ц⣬˿ҵķָʱȤңȥվߵ콾ļҵģҿţģͦҲʲô
ڿתͷһ
ˡ
ҽһ㣬ֻüۼɳŻɫҲŸ˱ɣϸһѣɫ
ܲˣ
λȨصˣȻȱ׷ߡ
ȥҴģߴ֮һټѾõδҲʮϯռһϯ֮أ콾ıߣԵµҪ󲻿νߡ
ù峤ǵۡ
ͨŮӣҪţһ檵λ֣ҲþòС
ǰЩͷȻġ
ǿ󵽿κ顣
Һ߶˸ӣ˴ʱ̲࣬գҲ䵭ؾתߡ
ڣĿ֮£ټǳԺڤЩңЩӣٲþҪ
Ůһϣ֪Բ顣ǫţԵоռͬãΪ֪λ峤൥һǫִһȣĴڨȴǽôݲȵ渵
ԴǴЦԳϣԵͻ
̧ݣ΢΢һ˲
˵˳öôʡ
ֻǣͬһ³ǽڹӰУмڿ
ϸһȫһ
ڿøЩǫƫᡣ
ͨҲһ
ջĿ⡣
ȻȻһƳѾһйע˻εǫӵֵܺ˷ˣ̨ϣǫĸףҲɫͶȥĿ⡣
к£ҽռ䣬䡣
ǫڣҲðӣ̸Цǰӣǫң֮鷵;лԵɺϣżһ׶ϸôҲ಻е⾳
Ůڴ;ϣߵñҳԶǫ軨׷ףϣԵ֮ˡǫƽ滺ֳһҳֽ
ҲΪΣ촽⶯ʣΪΣ
˼ǫش
üʣ֮һ˼
ǫ˸ҳֽţ̾ϢһǡУ˼أ˵꽫֮ѡǰ˼ʶĿǴ˷ԵɺϣҲ޷һķɡֻǣУǱˡ
ҵľܾЩɵضסˡ
ˣûУΨռףԽУ˼Ĵжţһֱֻδݡ
ǫ񣬲ò˵͵Ŀϡ
Ҳ־СڵˣֽӹҳƵף̧лҲ˶Ҫʲôͬ˵ڤȡɡ
ǫǸˣ֪ŮӸǰȴʾЦȽӴ־Ų˷С
ף֮·Եˮˡ
ǫ˱ȭҡˡ
ͷڿһǰһߡ
ҽǫս˿ռ䣬࣬Ȼϧ
ڿ
һֽѣʲôһʣһߺ޲ðֽռǫϣŵ˲ʲô˼Īǿ
Ҹ˸ĳ鵭ϲˡ
ϲʣ˵ޱ
Ŀڿۡ
ȥ档ڿϵɵɫһɾĵЦҲڴ˿伣
δӵķڿ
ǰвͯӵϲĬĴ٣ֵúǻûе顣
ָ֮ºţҶͷɣ£ƣϵòˡƽʱ򣬾Ǹŷɣ裬棬ʲôʱţ϶һЦġ
Ҳˡ
λϾʮսһȫʢʱڣѹҶһͷǰһ绪ΪŮڴ֮·ǰİ
񣬻вǸʱ
ٳ޵񻰡
ңЩǵü
ȥɣûµġҽķơ
飬ͲˣԽԽҡ
ֻöԷڿʲôú˵嶯
ڿͷӦˡ
һߣڿ֣ǿƵİٻϣӲһ
Ҳ˵
̨ŵģ볯߿˹ҶģôĶζس̽
Ȼ󱻺ش˻ȥ
ǸʲôôһԲϻأҶڵΣЩƵֹ
Ŀɨɨ
Сܰ֡
Ҳûǰˡ
ܺá
ףҲѵÿʼ
ڿҶϲΧۣ֣ס˰׵󣬽ԼԺ
Ҿ÷ڿ˼ֱе
ڿ㵽ҪʲôƳһգȻҪֵ̬
ڿޱط⣬֣סҵ°͡
ؿ¡
Դ𣬻û˸˴󵨵ش
˵뷨δѱĳ롣
佡ڿº͵ݱƽȴˡ
գ㹫һѶ
ͫһ¡
ĪħˣƽͷһΣҲ˲úͷڿ˿/ƣ˪һƬСϷЩ΢ĺ죬ͫ⡣
˵ֻҪҿڵͷ֮λͱȻҵģڿһۣӴӣԺӰʣͬʱҲ̽ߺʶ
ƿ˪߬±ߣҲ濴ǰѿڶĻȴԴẈ̂ԼҲ˵λòмһˡ
ϡˡڿЦһʣǾ仰֪ᣬǷ
ҳĬ˺һᣬ濪ʣŮղ˵ס
ûоܾ
ڿɻ󣬼ֱҪΪ޴ĺڶͷϣָָԼʣҳף
ҺӶˣף
ҲĿδһʣٲȻһô֪뷨ģ
ڿ˼˵Ե£ʱѾˡƽ޹ôãЩԹ֮飬˲űԹ˵ô仰
Ȼ˵ˡ
Ҳûȥ׷˼
һۣǾˣٷˣ͵ȷԪžȡ֮ٹѶɡ
ڣȽŮˡ
ڿüģͻȻʣ㷽ţǸǫʲôúÿ
ǫǰ֮ЩƵػһ£ףĿγ˿飺ǲ۹Ҳպϡ
ʺѡ
Щ̧С𪣬ˣȻҪˡ
仰һ˵
⼸նڷڿֵĻ߰뷨ȫװס
ʱ̹ˡ
ʲô˳ˡ



88  88 
ڿһߣպǫúõļʹȥ һǫļ磬 Щ΢ЩϷ˼ λЩѡ
ǫɫƣαҪ ŮӣĶ󡣱׮²ܳɣ ԵҲǺõġ
⻰ʵڡ
ֻΪŮڿƲǸӣ ˰ǰλͬ˸ϵ޸ʵǳ
ǡǲԶЩն£ Ҳ֪¶飬 ѹѹǣ ڿŵʲô˲ᵱ͸Ҵɣ
ҡͷǵûУţڿǶҶĵӣ ΪѪ£ִһֱֵò죬ᣬӦǽȥ˰ɡ
Щϡ棬˿ڿԺӵķȻʧЦӣȻҲϸͬ˽͵һ죿
˵ĵġֱֱۣüһˣ鷳ɲС˵ףڤҲ̫ΣգҪʱʱ̶̿ţ÷ֹ尵жֽš
Ҫ벻ףڷֳˣ֮𰡣˵ͻˣⲻˡ
ڿ˵ĴģüƽϡҷڿҪӡȣǡʱ˼䣬ŭ֮£նڿֽô꣬ˣôġ
ֶԶΪӣԶûǣģ˺ӣһǱһˡ
Ҳ˵ʲô
⵹ҲǡԸпӦһ䣬ֽ⳶Ž֮ϣһ֣ʤĸ㲻ٱˣݱϵΣֵıֳ֣һͷָŮҲһ
ͻһ
Щͷ˼ǣӵԸѡ֮һãţٺòˡ
꣬޲鷢쵽¶׾ĲĬһһɽһ
ָ΢䣬΢֮УжϣģһԴһŮһǸǫҲʡ͵ĵƣһϣǺ
ɽ¶ˮĺãһԾżʣҳ־ֻ֮ʺʱͬ˱䡣黹Щġ
İɡЩصشյߣжԲߵġ
ͽǾܳΪͽܡ
û˭ǿ
鿴ŵһɫСͻȻЦһ˶˵ˣ˹ȫڵãǹãСŮάĶϡ

ֹһᣬ̫ŲƣƲ֮Уص͹Ҳ˻ȥ
ս
Ҫģ
ڿϢ֣ûʲôע
伴ʼ
˵Ŀ£΢ɣǸԼݵǩžһʢǩӵͲܱ߲˿Ŀ⣬һӱø
ֱԹڵġ
߾˰ڶҲֻΪݣòЩӡ
⻹ǵһΡ
ĭĭվԴ࣬ҲһĻԼֳʲô˼һ
ˣֻܲŴո֡Դʮ侲ظСŮϵˣҶ֪ҸӦʮޣ㣬ûϣȡʤ
һ㣬ţ㵽Ϊֹɣҿղó
ĭĭҧҧ´ЩǿתͷûпӦ
㵽ΪֹǰٻĹأҪǿףԴʱͿʼ˵Խ˵Խ
һ˰ˡ
ûа֪֮
ԴԼ֪ӺСƢЩͷӺŮĹϵǰãڵߣȻҪùϵĭĭǴˣ֪ģ𣿡
ĭĭʮһָЩ顣
ڵߡ
Ҳֻһˡ
ҵŮݣĲΪһĿޱϲ
ɣܲˣһ죬˻Ϊֺúڡ
һݣڲŮ
ĭĭ͵رۣ˳Ľë²ΣԼԴ磬Ҳġ
Դŷĵص˵ͷ
Ҳһָȣǰ濪ʼģЩСո֣һʮĺӣűԼ˻ߵĽȥˡ
Ķ֣ҲЦԷǣƮƮ˺úõɨȥˡ
һΣ鵽ų̋
Ծϱ̨
ûб
˵ĳ̨ģ϶аǰеŮʡ͵ĵƣҪսʤʮѡ
Χžһ˲
ڿ࣬ĵƳƳԼ鵽ǩ
һƹյġ顱֣¶ǰ
Щۡ
ĿЩԲЦ⣬߲ɫ͵Ƴķڿһ޷ôã
ڿ棬ЩŵظȻЩЩǸӣģ⵴Щɨ̨ˡ
򰡡
ѵֳЦ
С
ֲ෴ɴ䣬ִЩ⣬һ˵ľ롣
ǰǷڿͶõ͡
ţ־Ķã˭á
ѵ˺֮
һ̤˱̨
û뵽Ļ¶Щȵɫ
СŮЩԥʣǣô򣿡
ѹѹǣ佣ˮȫԼʵܲס˻˵
ͷһμôɰĹ
ɵ
ΪһԱ˰Ҳʮ⡣߽ЦԲԲСЩ׽Ц⣬ó͵ǰˡ
Ӻɻһδ˼
ȻͿƮƮվڱ̨Եһ̣ûվһһģ䵽˵ϡ

Ҳһ˲λҶʮֵһŮʤ
ӱ̨ʱһСֹҲ֪ҶƤȷʵԽԽˡ

˭ܿȷʵڷˮ
ڶŮ
ŮβһĨ糺죬òɷ΢̨ϣ˪ɿӣУɫԽԽŨǱŨīһ
̨ڣŮ֣ף¶һΰ޳ĲСŮõһ
ͷ򴽣εص롣
Ůݸƣ˪Ƶ֦ϡ
ӣʱ׼ӭ
ŮڿնҶһƮ䵽ϣᣬÿһۣܹĵ׵ıμ棬СŮһϣСŮϲ
һ͵е£ֱŮ䵽ϣĬĬȥΣԾ飺Ůأ
ˡ֮ǰת㣬˵һ֮ףɣл֣Ͳö˵ˡ
Ҳʶ
⻹ͷһظӴ
Ҷ˵Ůԣȥ磬ϳܾͼ֣ˣ³ˡҲ벻ͨ
ʶҶķ˿
ҷˮǻ˵ϾԺ󽫳ΪɩӵˣͲںڷڿϣŸˮ⡣
Ů
ڿһǣԵ
ݺ⣬ʮ顣
ˣȱ֮󣬱һݺȥüģ
ʤ󣬻ʣֵĶԾ
ɨɨλʤˣ˸ס
ȥܾûôõˡ
Ȼǫ
Ǹ˼峤
ǫȭСŮ俪ʼۣСŮܲסֱԣǫ֡
ףɫ棬Ҷ֪ʼɡ
ǫٶ໰
֣һڽ³ͣһУꪺգ̨ĽƸܵѹһһ
̵ֱǰľ紵°ڷһȦɫ
̨¹ۿλΪʤֵʱ
һԽĽƴ߶
ʣ
ڴͬʱ۾
ǿĽ׾ٵǫĳꪣͬʱ̨иķѣһǿѹ޼ɵߣλ
һַԵı̬
ڴʱ¡
̨ѻȸǲԼ̨ͬϵӣī̬ɢĵЦݡ
Ǹģ֤ʵڳλеĲ²⡣
ѹ֡
ϳ
ŮԶɽ֮ϹƼһĻ䴽飺Ŀŵ̵ˣ˧ء
ɫС޲˲Ľš
Ůͷָָ̨ϵλãŵǸЩʱ򣬾ҪСŮлˡ
һ飬һ
˵׬ء



89  89 
̨ϣǫһٱ䡣
Ժ ЩЦ

ǿɺѹ Ψϵλʩչ
λһ֣ 䣬ҲͳЦ
˭أ
˭Ҳҡ
ߣ¶âǰ  ˸⣬ϸûǫеĳ硣
 ӵı
һͷκηֵ˼
οǫųꪵֱۣǱʮɽѹסˣ޴ѹ߳Щ亹
źͽֻһ˲䣬 ǫ˶ֱۣ Ŀƽ͵һۣ һ䡣
˵꣬˱̨
ӶԿӣϢ֮䣬 Ǽޡ
ûǹѹˣ֪ж¡
ǿߡ
֮£ˣ޹⡣
ǫԿˡ
Ȼ
һʮ֮/ţʮ
걻һ絲סžǳһ಻
վⳡԵĽ
ڳվôˣϵ죬λϵļǣҲسĬˡ
£ȷʵЩϲ˽ŵһȥԪžвͼֲ֮Ҳܵõ컯ЩСԼĿĵĻεúܶࡣ
̫ȶʹЩˣԭǸʲôͨ飬вӡ
תתֲ˭
ˣ˭Ҳûȿ˵ⲻϹء
Դݺü涼ûڣҲ֪Ӧ޻أһȨ⣬Ǳ˳Ĭ
ڴСȵԴĭĭǱųģĳòߵģɵǵġ˿̣Դ࣬ӷڣûһվǴĿŵΪ͸ˡ
ˡĭĭⳤָȺվ񻣬ɫ԰ףµϣ粻Լߺ޵˶ĬĬطԴץסĴƣֱִֵŹⲻƽ
˽վߣһĻԤϡ
վƽˡ
˸׼
Ŷζüһ򵥵ڣƮƮǱ˵˷ĳظС
ĭĭֻüһأͷһԴɫ˾ĭĭҪ֡
ãԴһǷǳ۰ġ
鲻òϻۣϲֹ£
֪Ϊʲôһ漰ŮĭĭǱ㲻ɣѩǱһˣ֪ΪΪ
ǰ
λ˵һ֣ϲָֻţóƪ۵ĵʱʱãӡ̵һ㣬ǻ̡
һɱĭĭ͸ףΪ仰˵á
Եʵ֮£ûеԣûԩԹߡ
ңȡ
ʵǣҲû˵ʲô
ĭĭȻôΪ
ҧ´Ÿ׺ֳֹ񣬼ֵⳡԣƽ
ŮӮⳡԡ
Ƥû̧ؽӣˣӮˡ
΢΢֧˵㾫ӣָָ˵仰ǫ
ģպҵļǫĸף˿̣㣬ѵˣȮǫ
޵صͷĪǣãҰģ
Ҷ˵Ǻôίһ㣬ôֱ׳ǡ˹ֲ˼ġ
ĭĭ˰벻⣬Ĳס
ǴҶ˵°
Ǵ˵ıǿ󣬻Ⱦ˵ӵѹǸǶ֣Ůö֮óԣǷףĭĭļʼһƵѪ˿Դǣڹǰ¶Ǹп̱ͼʵҡ
кβףڷڿ߳䵱ľͷ˵ɢִЩǳЦ⣺
Ŀ֮£Ųӣɫȹڵһһ㱻紵ÿһ˵ıǼǻǳζ˷С
ﻹ
ѵƽ񽣣Եޱȹɺ˳
ҸģˣҪġӹָذģ˯Ľüɨ۽ĭĭЦЦʣΣ
ĭĭ͵̧ͷǲš
ԴҲȥ˸׵İʾǰһĭĭǿӲطֳ׵ļλȭС״ײˣ˿ˡ
δ𸴣ĿҪ׷𣿡
Դͽĭĭͬʱ̧ͷ˷ߣҲԵĨٻӰϡ
˿ĭĭɫƽ֮У΢¶֮⣬֮ʧͲ׷ˡ
ĭĭһڳ嶯ıԵһ˫ؿס˼򣬻궯Ļ˺ˮ˲ϢģҲصؿԴļϣһ̲ࡣ
ȻԼֳشһ䣺лСŮ
ζһ棬֮ͫԳ֮⣬Ů紫ǰ㣬õʶ
زסŭ֣֣ص˸ף֮Σˣ½Ů޷ײ˼СŮ𷣡
СŮ˵Ǳ㲻ˡ˵ô໰Щϰߵüû´Ρ
ɢ˰ɡ
˷Ըٴι֣Դͽĭĭתǵס
ձʤˣգŮкֱԣյΡ
УŮߵİһѾҿͷ˭ܶõһ
ɢ
ҲԼľ
ѣȥ˸ڹԺӡ
磬мһţһĹȦǽͷĴҶ϶ðĹҼһǹ֦ͷѣƮЩҶ㡣
һŸɾӣһûһزĳͼʸϵһ㺮â̵˲ֱӡ
ڽţϢߵ֪Ҳǽ˫ָ۾Ľëж£ͣЪ
˵ʣ˵ҪҶȥлŮķˮ֮
ֱ׶ֱĻҭסˡ
룬ǵ˵һȥѰ̲ס˵ŮҶû뵽ҷˮʱ׼ˣ˭뵽ͻȻԼȥˣһ˺һᣬʵڼǲǰǷʲôӴ
סϸĸͷķＷЦָ֣̾һŮͦģûж⣬Խύ
Բ۾ʣҾǴˣҾÿŶ
ҪȺͷ㣬ҪʲôһܰΪʦĽҿ϶ǵ۽ޣһЩнĭĭ㵱棬ôӣ᲻Ǻˣ
ԹţϵͬʮѰƽ㡣
ǺšĲɵػأָǽڣһһ᲻أ˶ɢϢô˰ҲһֱûԸ
ʵ»Ҳ΢ίЩΣ˼СͷϳѼܣҲٿ⣬͵СˡȷʵǺںЩڱӣҪĺͷЩļƽϣ֪ʲôӡ
ΪҪί񣿡üȻǺͬĹ۵㣬ʣͼѿʱ򣬿Դί񣿡
ο˶٣Ϣƶ͵ķȾ/ɳƣƫ̻£Ҵš
һ֪
ûκˣܵҵ棬ҵˡ
һȥòȥܵòУԺУǺͷֿʼս
ɳƵò񻰣ɳڵĦͣ¶ͫ״ڣ¶˶ߵֲҡ



90  90 
ҹɹĺĻϣ ˸ һ¹ߣֳ 䣬ǽչ֦ǳˮ
ĭĭŴӻ˯
Ǳ޿̵Դһֵεġ
С㡣Ů̽ʣɻĴʣ
ĭĭϣҡҡͷ ļ糱ˮ㼷ԺУظֱס˺ԣ ³һʣʲôʱˣ
ӽʱˡشʻģỤ̊ ʱʱ̹̿ע߶Դ
硣ĭĭ촽⶯ԵЩ䣬ЦݵСϣҲԶ׼Ǳ
Դţ ﲻ֪Ǹʲôζ
ǰ ʣ֪ˣ
ĭĭ죬 ָǶĽУ˵Щʲô׻ûܿڣЩִֵزͷ ûд
ŭ֮󣬻˼ҹٱ飬ûʶԼĴ֮ǰ׼̤벽ԴṴ̊ϣصգμӱ䣬ǸԿӣ˳Ц
ĭĭŵԲ۾ɳƣһǻᡭ
ƽΪ飬ңԴһ֮ء
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91  91 
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92  92 
̹ڵϣβЩ죬 ֣صسһͷ ߵлˡ
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93  93 
ɽʱȥģ˾ ұѺϢ һٽԼĲ²⣬ ʼĩԭ߲ˡ
һʱ֮䣬
ңȻϢؽԼ̯Ӱһ
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˵ˣھǹӲд û˵棬̫ӵ֮ԻȻػţ Ϊµ־żǿá
ľƣҶ侮ʯʴȣ ôϸԼȥ
ң࿴˳ۡ
УԽΪͣǶ壬ûкɫ
Һͽң ׹ϵ
һֱ ұֳģ ʮֲԸ
룬ëȻ
֮ǰЩȫǼң ֻվһͷˣҼǱ֮е̽ӡ
ƽغеȨ˲͸ϵһӾͺˡ
񾭲
ˡ
ʮӦò鵽ͷˡ
һͷʱҶ˶ڣģŹһǰһȥ
һҼʸڷϣͷͦ󣬲ײĲᣬ϶ò֤ݣڿʮˣñӡ
ȥʱʲôҲû˳Ҽźӱĳһ䣺ϷƽйǰҲǸڵսģʱգΪѹŮｻĭĭУ
Ƿ̫ڰײ֣
İʢˣҪֹ֣ˡ
ͷҪˡųӶ
ȳȥɣｻǡҶһۣļ˵
Σͷһ䣬ʩɿ﷢һ顣
Ҷüͷͷڿһۣδƽȥ˺ĸ䡣
ϵһ磬ˮһƤӣȸƷһСĵЩԲµޡ
ɫ˲٣Щˡ
һָ̲ͣͷԼͷۺʱܱĺ塣
һǰһʱҶ̫ѨЦӣô˵ȥҲѹجˣڱһͷУҲֻŹˡ
̱ϣ˵
ɣһ޴Ӱ¶ڴǰ
鶸Ȼһޣ𻨲ڵϣŽϻۣƤ˶һŮа
˵öԡɫͫױƽĿŽתһȦЦ޼ɵȻʮʲôһ㺬壬ô벻νֻʮŮܵǿ϶Ҫϻġ
Žغһһģ
ûģеһ
һŽ̧ͷڿϴһԼǹϤѹͫһ¡
ƣߣӵоطͳҲδ顣
ϡ١
Žֻҵδҵˣ⻹ͷһμˣһʱ֮䣬еɼ
ҵĲ´Ϣ˵츳ڵĵϵѪиĽʵ򱻽ӵԼҲ֪˷ж¶ΪеӰɣڳϣ̬߹󣬻ﲻһһ仺
ŽЩ˵ˣֻǶҿ˼Щʲô
Ůȣ޹֮˼ƽϣҴ˷٣ֻ˽һŮ޷ｵʮű޾͹ȥˣ˶δӣƵؽӣʮӦʮûӦ壿̶֮Ҫʣµ˵򲻼򵥣
Ž˵ܡ
ˣΪԺ˭ء
ڼϿģû˵ס
Ӹµؿ촽΢ţŽھУ/ûмֵġǲ֪͹ȥҺᣬûпܳһƬص콾
Žһ³ȥ
ûпǿǰﱧŲһ뷨
֮󣬲ŷ֣Զ˲ⲻ⡣
ʮ죬ǲݵġ
ϴΣΪǵ£ǲϧţΣϸڲѰͷŪЩìܣӵȫϳ壬Ҳֻʱˡ
һ仰˵öԡ
Ծԣûֵģˡ
˵ĳŵǿΥġ
֪ʲôΣŽʣ˵ˣܱ֤Щʲô
ᳶ˳ǣϸϸƣƤɨһۣԩͷծҸ㱣֤ʲôһ飬ǣҺᣬֻҪΪݣúܺá
Žͣ뱲Ӷѹȥǣҵģֻ己ٺͺá
ǰߣ϶ǲܹˡ
ߣ󵽵ףһֲУҲס
Žסͷ
ؿһۣ˵ϥΨһŮ뽭ңΪҷˣ½ĭĭԴߵ磬ǰһһŮи̺㣬游ǲǲ֪Ůаҹεʱ򣿡
Ž͵̧ͷϵƶѵӣӲǻＷһŮʲô˼伲ࣿ
ǲ˼伲࣬ұ磬ħ֪ʲôΪʲôΪҲ˺޹ΪԼһ˽ֶΣΪԼòĶѾĻ˺ף˺޹
Цһֵ촫ЩŰ裬ܲ˭ݺ˭˭߾ȫر޹֮ˡĪͱȥӣãʲôˣԩԩº󷴻ֳеսЩ壬ͻȥ
˵꣬סŽĲӣʣһ˭ĵϸУԪž֮У嵽״⣿
ŽͱסΪڵ뷲죬ؿʼ»ˣҲЭˡ
˵
һضһ˫ű˪ͫע
ڤ粻϶
ҪԼ˸ӵĽƣǿѻ᷽ܶࡣ
֪ģħԭңĳ¼ҡԪžһУ֪òֻ࣬һǿʱװϢʮ󣬻ˮ㣬¡
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͹ϢشӸ˵Ρ
㻹˵ʵЩ䣬˽Լ磬һߵǰʣôѻ
֪¶ؾ˽ƣǿʩѻкܴķɡԸ䡣
ͷָͷһΡΡС׻ķ˲ΣҪͼ֣ʹЩ
վһȥһۣĿеľ
ʱ򣬻
˵վһȥ͹ԹԵվߡ
һĺԵϳɣ෴£硣
ֻǽ£ٷĲȻ෴
Žǿʩѻ䡣
ϸ֮УҲֻˡ
Ž͵Ĳҽһʹѵܿ²֪ػ˹ȥ
Σۣ֮ͫУɫڣһŰƴСʣôˣѵʲô
ǰ˵ǣм٣ĳ¼尲ϸԭǱ޶ˮģҺͳ¼ңǧ֮ǰͺһˡ
ÿüʣǷԪž֮أ嵽ʲôͼ
ͫīɫ˳˵ĵġ
ĭĭһ£ҲĲ߻Ŀǳңʮ춯ŭʧȥǣŭ
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Ĳϣ˵ͷСƵĿС
䣬˻Ҫȥ
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ҲǶ
գûţﲻ֪˶ˡ
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˵Լһɫգţһ¡
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ƫƫ˳һס
仰ڸɲϽһͰͣŭʧأȫתΪһֲ˵/
Ťͷ˿Ļܿ첼һ磬˺/¹ȦڵƵò񻰣ĥĥں棬㣿
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Һò㡣
δ򴽣βʳѪȼճһĻ𻨡
һʵˮ⻰ŷӦ˺ðΣÿеǵĹһͿڽţСľģҲӣô죿
䣬֪ӵˣͷ˽š

ͷƵسһ



94  94 
ĳЩϡ棬 ؿһ࣬ ǳζֱ꣬˶ ЩıǼļϲ˲䣬˵èһ
ʱСŮȷʵֹжȣȫ¶ģ ûйͷһ˹ϡ
˼仰Ϲ˻ĺ ĸԸס
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͵͵һڷѵˮһʵϣ䣬 ſһīɫĻ
ڡ̧ͷ䣬ȥҵôĺ/ᡣ
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ͷ𣬻صԼԺ
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һԲβһ죬ûн˶/ϣǴԼƽС
ǰĹһӰ
ҿ˿ûüʳζѾ
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ЦһʮֵʹЩƵĳĺ󱳣һЩ
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ᣬ̲סˡ
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ᣬ֪ơڿһƶѾ۵գͷ۵Ҫָ˸Ϊ̫ߣÿһѹͿƲסɢ
ҳĬ˺ðΣҶҡҡǸɫ̳΢ԣҪȥֹŵĵӣ
ڿŵĻ轻ٴοգɫȻԼԺӣ˺ô⣬Щ¡
һȻģҹ˹̧֣ԼϹŵɺ˷ĵĹӰ𣬵˷ڿĻ
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ҶͷڿʱѾվ˹Ժ⡣
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ѹַɢȥˡϵķתΪһֺ죬Ѵϡ
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֮Уףÿ
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ڷſڣ𺣬ɢϵţһ֪Ǳ;ˡ
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⻰ڿҽӣҶЦúΣ̯̯֣ܹüʱѹ˲֪ѡ
ϵģûжǶ֣ţۣĬ˰ΣͻȻʣԪžжʱգ
һµĹ⾰ǲͼõˣ̣һʱ
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ŽһΪһһƶг𱨳ԹԹûӡ
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΢ѹþȫɢˡ
ڿͷͲЩߡ
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СŮԴأûָһȵԽС
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ѣĽ飬ǿúˣСϷġ
һᣬȴ˭ҲҺӡĿɬζصص˵ͷףСŮʹΣǿһУҵĴ
Ϊȫҵ棬ǿϿǸ˵̰Ĳ㣬żȻˣĭĭȡһǸλã뾹ɴô˱˸ʧŵ۾Щɣ۴ηңӦõġ
áǣԳЩƣ֮ɫ˰֣ʽĭĭһЩ£Ƕ¡
ԴȻЩǡ
ĭĭ־壬ȫܲĴڸ׿ĵؽͽµȥ˵֮ܲˣЪ˹Ҷˡ
Ǹ֮ŮȥԶ
Ҳһ˿Ӱӡ
˵ۣ˵ᣬǶǼٵġ
£ô׷ֶԼҵĴ
ӦǾ亦˺Ļ



95  95 
һµʱ䣬ƾõ˵ գ۶£ Ϊž޴ϣԵЩ
ħ
ҡԼŮ סϲСɽԣССݸһԺӣ໨ܣɲݺ֥ ˣҩ㲻
ٻ ŮҲ
˵Ҳ꽭ĭĭ֮˵ҶŮ˽ Ϊ˲õл̫γƣһͬȥˡ
ȥ֮󣬲ļ䣬ͼλĴüΣһʣ ԭӲã Щƣ ࣬ҲǵλᣬȥԪžһҩ
ҩϡֻڷԪž֮ţ رķȻһžɢΡ
ţɴڴ˵ס£ȷԪžǴУȻͷһȥģҲԻ顣
Ůûоܾ
˱סһ顣
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סȥûգ㿪ʼŮ֬˳ѧѧ㣬һ֪ʶȤ󷽣ʮޣһʱ䣬ϲһңҲŮĿ࿴
ΪŮ
ңʮζ
ǼûкǿĿڸ֮ƽʱģչأٲãԵҲңɲݺ¶ҲˣŮչ¶һԳϯĳʱ˱ֵúܳԾ
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ڣֿʼʯ⡣
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ҺŮƭ˲ٺö
ǰԪžǰһգȥСŮˣŻ䵽ļϣצϣһÿˣĹ⣬һëԽȼĻ档
ֺֺЦ֣СӼɨ佳ִ󷽣ҿɲǣҿأ˵˼һ˾һɩӣ˼ұ
ȳ򣬲Ϊ⣬ڻû޷ɣڿҲûȢ佣úõĽ鱻˵沣ԽԽɰˡ
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Цۣ˵ֻԼʳָϵĿռθ
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ڿٿڿռң󣬰ʯ٣Ҽֱȥҵݵڿڿһöռ䡣
ɵ죬ڷڿԾɷ⡣
ڿڵϣ̧ͷңЩɵĿռ䣬ʣǡ
̾һһûʲôƢֽЩĵģڷڿãûٸ˵ٸǧһǴ´ࡣ
ˣĬĬ׼ԶһЩ
ҶҲᣬϣҡҡеӣԼռĻóÿΪʮرʱͷڿҪվҵ֪

ڿЦһȥƳҶֻ˻ԼõеĿռ䣬ǵŬϾҲûš
Ҷǳ˳顣
׳ʯϣƵؽӣ˭˵СŮⲻء
˵ŷڿǿſռ䣬ҶƾЩʡԼõĻƴһƴôڿǼų䵱ʯ֮󣬾ͳû˵ˡ
ЦòУʯռһţӴʼת͹վ˽ȥڿҶ˽
Ȼǲʱ͵ˡ
ƽԭտտ꣬һ֮ǰΪصС¥¥εضַǱѰ
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ΨһܿԪžĵӣҲˡ
һ񻶵ʢ£ҿĻ



96  96 
ҰӰԭտĻɳƽԭ Ӹߴ һ۲ͷ
ԪžĿ֮ǧûΨеܴ ػžĲͣΪµĹžԵ
ҹ壬ɣԷӵɢޣ һЩѾõֽ 壬ΪǢؼһ ѵûб¼
ÿ˶뱣õ״̬žѰԼԵ
Ҳˣڿռ䷨󳹵ɢ֮ǰ˶ס˺
ʵĹӰΪ̤ǸӰһ֣ 㾪ؼĿעӣ ݲȣ һ̤ǰʮ׵ľ룬Ҳ̬
һ١
Զľ¥ϣɴ ŰῪĴĿǵϣߣǻָǣԵķԣҪģǰǲǶϸ𣿡
ˮڣзģü
ḧƽüͷÿüҶûãĶ㲻ˡ
չüͷЦЦ
磬ǰһˡСŹ⣬˵黰һǰӣ֪ƣʱæӲº͵ͬ˵ܾãûƵġ
һ£͵ЦۣĻ˴ǰƣƥӣһУڶûˡ
ֵ󣬺׵˱֮Сضţײ¶档
һУΪ
ԣͷβҶ֮ˣµĶ㣬ôû㣿˵ݵЦţ޿κεص˵ԵıǼ⣬㰡Ϲ롣
Խë΢ͷһߵģ
ŷ
̧ͷԶžԶľ룬ڹӰ̣ſסԼϢûвй
ŮˣҪ׷Ϊٰ裬һ´̳ݺݵζ
ڣ̡
Ŀ֮£ƮƮɨһ۾¥ӡԵĿˮ׵͸صӡڰУʲô谭һĹӰ֮䣬أ½롣
ִĿС
ԹԵر۾
ҶͷڿԺһЩ
еĲţžԶΪ⣬ƫΪֲܿͱջһĨԼĲӡ
ʮа
ǰ֮˻һס˿ڱǣֱƮĽ׻䣬ҲóȻתӣȥѰֵԴͷ
˰ΣȻ֣˫ۣŵļСϣմ˺üƬĻꡣ
ɵġ
к΢ɲЦ⡣
Ԫž֮󣬹׵屻˾޴Ŀռ֮С
۾ûзط壬֪ǽ˷Ԫžڲռ䡣
תձɺҹ޹⽻ӳĵһƬĻ˲ʵĳɫ粻ͬǣԲһһ̣ԭ;׵Ŀռ˼졣
ɿؿΧһùվţߴǧɣգڳſһˣſ˳ۡΧǽƵ;ҹҲź⣬ԶһСˮ̶
طЩϤ

ֲܹȷϡ
Ҫʶʵڲ͡
ʮֺãһ˼Ѱصļ䣬ֲ̫ȷϣʶСקק䣬üʣǾĵط𣿡
ڿһ۸Ƶľҡͷ񡣡
ô뵽񣿡Ҷʶ۹⣬û̷Դ
ǣһ˶ҹ飬ĿǿþػƣеĲȷǺϵԽԽ٣ĿǱ𷽲ţֶһƶУץҺݲżŵ䣬кܳһʱ䣬ҿҳֽžͷͷΣҲʵʵڼһЩ
˶٣ţʱµ͵ټ֮ԶΣûʲôѣҲûʲô˼òĳνƲһʯ񣬵ҿ¼еļأಢˣһþ
⣬˶ʮĬؿһ۷ɣ
ɣھǸģҲ治θ࣬ݸࡣ
˵Ŀ⣬ɣ˾ۣҡͷ˵ȥ飬㻯Ϊ壬Ҳһ֣żʮ֮󣬳ݵֲꡣ
˵ǲдıڣʮ֮дۣġ
üڤ˼룬ʶɢģֻüǽڷĳָ˵̫Ѩλã䣬Լ롣
ԹԵŶһͷֶŰҹǿþ۲졣
ЩɣżȾֿɰǰֳ󷽣߹壬Щֵסķ̲סԷڿһֱ𣿡
˵ԼԼ롣
ڿһۣ̲ס˳ǣѹأٶദһʱձ㶮ˣദģʽС󣬶ģ˵Լ룬ǴӰյҹ߲ݣҲýúܣΪܿһ䡣
˵˵ţڿĻ㲻ɿƵشԵ⣺ֻǣûִ
ҺÿüչͫЦ⣬۹ⲻһ˸õġ
Ŀޡ
÷ڿЩͿ
ҶЦŶҵû£Ůʣǻõģ۹ⲻؾһϡ
ڿ̧ƳһۣԪž֮;ɣôãµͽܸҪˡ
ҶЦЦ߳ŭҪˣ
˵ȷʵ˲٣ػָҶûСΧתˡ
΢΢üʣǰΧת
ҶЦǰÿսǿʮ죬ЩСϲģֻ仨⣬ˮ飬Ǵˡ
ڿЩ򴽡
Ǹʱ򣬹һ쵽ôӡˣȻûǸк;ȥ̸/˵/
ֹһᣬû˼
ӵݱ˽ȵǣڽ飺㣬ȥݰɣȺﻹвͼȥˣûˡ
˵е
ػǴĿģϾݺǧݡ
ͷƼ˺ڰб¹ߵ÷ҶǱһһ㣬ƮƮԾժƬҶ
Ҷ·ȣһЩسôȵģ
ƬҶȴ˿һˮĳ˵ӰөһƮԶˡ
Ǳסˡһ˳һЩ̧ͷϸ۵ָͷָָͷ죬ָָڷľЩǻڣھӪĿռ
˵꣬ߵǰг£΢ģЩ˵Ҷˡ
Ǹ飬ҪǳԵС
˳ķ˿ʹеĿһЩ
һȷʵҵ˾أҲ뿪ˡ
ͬһԶʱڵ飬ΪɹҪܵõµĻԵļֵС
ϾݣҲ۶ɵġ
µĶȻҲܶࡣ
ֻǣף
ָоǣǻûʼҶԣиڱѵһԶš
ϲ֮࣬Ҳгɡ
̫ҽݴ
˱͵ϱߣݵλúԶʱڸϲȥЩ⶯ֲʱӣƵذĻԵʺϷɣҲʺ㣬ƾ֣ǻ¡
ıǾƹ޸֮ԷɣвСĺô
ݲһҵԵȴʵʵڵġҲ˵ԼĿ
ҲǶ˵
˹һۣʣ֮ˣǰ֮ǰ˵·𣿡
ɫΣף³һǡ
㲻ԥСָ᲻صһ£Ǳ㿪ʼƾְɡ
˵Ӱ첢ʲô֣һʱ֪ǡעر֤Լİȫռʵų⣬ǵòҪǿͣһص
¾һ飬µĻԵҲ͸ǣһ϶Ĵѡ
ֻˣܲͨĿˣһˡ
ҲˣܽĻԵС
ҲȥƤһɢЩң룬еĻþ顣
ͷĻԵ˭Ҳò
Ҷ⿴һۣɫްĪ
ڿҭ˺һ
ǿƴþˣǲе̫ˡ

´ټ
˭ȥȰ



97  97 
ϵĿ鲢̫򵥣 ʮֵľǰߡ
ıǺ ģУ ٶֳΪϾ̫࣬ģҲü⣬ ҪСĽץסϸڣͬ
ռһʼֲ̫һ Ⱥ崳ǰģʽڹ˳֮󣬿ռڲͷ˷츲صı仯 ԭһļ˶ƾʧ
˵ֻʣһˡ
ΧЩ¡
ӭů޷ľҶƬȴǾֹһһƬƬ׺֦ͷĩңˮɣֳһֹŤĻ
￪ʼƾ֡
ƣ
񵽵Щʲô
ξ£ ֻĪЩĻţ ͻȻʲôļǣ һ·ҴߣϺܿ˲С
ֱʮʶؾͲ˲Ŷ߶磬һУ Ľ޴ն¡
ն˸ա
ǹļž
Ŀɨң϶Ҳϸϸع۲ˣû
һùգ·ǧˣδı
ԭͣ˺һᣬüԽԽ˶ڲˮ̶󻺻۾
ڻУΣնǵġ
Լ뷨жϡ
ʱ򣬻֮Ҫֵģǳڹ½֮µġ
ʱ򣬾ȻҪӲƴΪ
ĸܣƾ֮
ֵǣ֮ԭžĿռ䣬ͻȻ˷ԼһЩܶණӿ˽Ǽߣʱʱֱͽףһ̽
ĵطĵ
֪ܾǡ
ǹ⣬аǧֻС˳Ƥëڲ䡢̣ѾڱıԵָ˶Ħһ¡
ʱһƳ̾ϢǸʱ⣬ʱѾͷϧ޿κ֮⣬ȴԾŨء
Ķ˿һ㣬ɿҴܵĽŲɴǶڶ
͵۾
žһڿռ
ôʵĴȫɢˣԼֱʼ𷽲ǲǴ˸һΡ
ڤڤ֮һЩдҲǳˮȴ㣬Ҫ£ȴ޼Ѱ
ǲЩ
ЩؼĶ
񣬵ʲô
Щʲô仯ʮ꣬Ϊʲô
ԤУȫռ䣬Ҳ͸ˡ
롣
ҧҧ˻ȥٴα۾

ռ֮⣬ָϥͷɢؿڴ׳ϣ³ҹҡҷָڿе£޴Բ֮ڣҶƮƮȻ䵽˵ϡ
ϵʱûбֳı飬䣬ҲôָͻȻʳѪǿѪҺ䵽ϣ̾ͿһɫĻ
ҶԾ֦ͷֹĶ
Ҿ֪ҶһͷסѪָ⣬ѵࣺ㲻
ԼĻЩأڶԹľָֻţҶֲòºЩԼѪ֮ţΥΪЩ飬͸ñܻ䣬һ룬ʱʱ̶̿ء
£Ӵȱʧһ룬˻粻ڡ
ڵתתɤɣתӡ
ԪžĽؼȻִƣûпȨ
ҶĬһᣬʣʵݾڽ֮ڣ𣿡
ƭ
ͼǾ׼ģƵģǴġ
飬˵ףָصüģ
Լ࣬
Ҷһʱ֮䣬֪˵Щʲô
ʩչֻǿнֵ£ִڿ׽٣ΪһᣬǿӲָԤԿܾع飻˷Ԫž֮ôͨǴžľأһ컯ڣҪԼѪ֮ţΪ˸ժݡϸ꣬ҶЦԵ
Щ£Щӣ˰飬մһ󣬶Ǹ³Ҳ֪ΪΣΣȥȷʵС
ҲΪ룬ǸһߵβӣЩ꣬ұ伮𾭣ı壬ѪͳҲ˽һЩҲ֪д۸ӣǣһȫĹϵ
ü壬һ֪Ҷˣʳָ˶֪Σ
ҶѹѹˣƬضѹƣڣҪ⿪
ʲôЦһҲΪ𣿡
ҶɫЩеס
СżԺò˵ã۵Ĳ٣֪һЩĻҲû˿ĸı䡣
ȷʵҲΪˡ
ϣԹˣĽȫ
պʱΪΨһ֪ˣû
ĻԵ㹻ָһЩˣػǱˡ
ĮƳһۣ³ĵɫֳ̬İף΢̧ߵ£أνһ·βǵһ򾡣ûջǲصʵ¶档
ǡҶЦˣǲ֪ô˵㡣
Ҷ󻮿һξѪ˿ϣɫһЩ˰֣ôԼϣͿ쵽˰ɣҲ˵ľѪԣҩ
ʵѹֲסˣȥҪһξѪ
Ҷһ£ԼԼĻˣ㷴᲻ãԸԼš
һ׸ͬʱĵףɢ֪᲻û˵
ҶһαԼ졣
ҪһξѪ᲻ãʲô£¶ϣȻһʱˣ
δһʡ

ռ֪жá
ѾһֱΧĻӰ죬ͽĽ״̬
һЩļ䣬ƬһĸǰԾֹԵЩá
ָȥ
ǰʱһƬŨĺڰԶŴսһյĴϲǣţǲսѪһһڸǰըһ̻
δ־棬Ѹܵɱա
üͷͷ嵽β
ΪԶǴذĵǺηʥ
ÿһε飬ޱǿɱ˼ҵģһʱ֮䣬벻
ֱƬڿǵĶǸĶ
ڵľޣĴһٶ˦ǵ˵ıӰֻͭһ˫ۣðŹĺ⣬ȫޣȫʹһǰ塣
ΪսޣߵҪһ̧룬һСͳʧ
Ǹ
Ȼֱ
ľޣֹһֻϰֻһⶼڱס
֪Щʲôˡ
ڤµĺᡣ
֮£ĺӣеĮɱѪۺ죬һ켴ûǣֻʲôҪ
ǶԣǴɱԲ֮в
ڵʱҰĲڤŮ˵һͳ磬ƷԶǵɱ
λŮǰĿ֮־
û˵һͳ磬û˵ɥǡ
һ仰ϲ塣
Ӵ֮β˸ʹ
ӡڤ
ɱΪ޹û̲壬Զսҵ뷨ͷǱ֣֮ڤҲ֮ƫ壬ɱǣøСĴۡ
ǳսıīд伮мأ¼ҲרΪµһҳ˵
мӰ񣬾þûг
ЩӰ͵ѪҺ밧Ժظ
ǰԱ̬֮䣬ڡ
ػ
ػȰģĲµء
֪ˡһһǰ΢Ƴ֣Ƭڰռյ磬ҵΪ飬Եػǣܰǡ
ǷΪһƽ
ƵĹĵһСܽޡھѹ£ŵƵָڷҵİ࣬ȻµĲӣûк˰벽
ȹڣ˸ϵ
ǰġ

ԭǾֹ˵ľǽһ紵ҶƬĦĶײ



98  98 
ǿþ֮䣬ڱƵӯ£ ˮһҶ˻һ ȫ⣬ ڰУΧ࣬ºͶ˰ڡ
ܿ죬һ롣
׵װ ƽ̯һŷӯӯ̹ĻƶСԳ
þ ӿ塣
ܿͻΪ˱壬ϣϸϸܵĻɫС̣ Ǹһɫ˿̣ǿıΧԴԴϵϢϡǲ̵һأ ⣬ ΪͣͲǰĸԴ
е㲻š
ô
ݶûժ
˾ˣ
ϸһ룬 þ˾ǰΪپʮϰɣ̺빦Чݲ١
ţ ôҲû뵽һ̤ԪžȻջ
ִ񾭵ˣԣѰʲôߺ쳣ֻñۣ߾ȫվ
ˮڣô˵£ԼʵҪġ
վ˵ʱռѿ˵ľ棬飬˼̳˾־ˣ̱˳
ģֻеȴ
ܴУǸʱ̵Ĺ̡
ڣڹУֻҪûܽȥҲݻᱻժ
ҡ顢Ůʱ䣬ȥ˲ԶҸŮҩ
ҩңҪЩ
Ҳ÷Щʱ䡣
һߣڿԭΧŻ
ô£ҿɶоˣųųòˣ滹־һܣֱӱˡڿ˸ɲͱͱѣһϸϸĻǣŽžĺ£˵Լš
Ӷ̲סҲ־һ⣬ϹǳսӰĴжûʲôã̶ȣٶЩ˵Ķ谭
˵꣬ʷɣôҲˣԭΪôеĿԱ;֮ͬҪƾ֣Ӧòѡ
ҪЩΪҲûʲôáϣĴУʺϡԼѡеˡɣºͣϵЦǳͬ˹һֵۣⳡ컯Ϊ׼ģһڸȥԵ
̧Ƴһۣɢɢչӣģž֮ŵʱǡɸӦϢʹ
ͣҪܾжܡ
ĻԵ˵øİײƵģľҵ
༸ˣĬ
£ЩΪãΪӣµĹܲͲҪҵʱˣһ㡣˵ڿзȨѹѹǣǲ꣬ҲǾԼĴӡңһ£ҲֻӰ˼ʱ䣬״˶ٴΰ
治ԩʱ˶ãѵ֪ǰƨɣ½½٣ԩȥ˼ƣʱ߻ѹ죬ӶӲ˭ûˡҶش¡
ڿ˶ǣӣû硣
һ£ҵú˵һ˵ɣźҹĵ㷱ǣüͷüǱʲôסһǻǲǵãʱһԣ˵綯֮ף
Ȼǵáڿɫ࣬ҲʱΪ飬ضҺ֮䣬ֽҽѽ⣬սָ۷壬Ҳ˾ĴУҲݣҲָܻһЩϵˣ˵պԱ϶û⡣
ԭҲġɣָ˵̫ѨͬǺܺÿΪһȥҲı䣬žǰҹһԣδɢҸΪأһԼ˴ټǰʱֵ˿žʱ䣬Ҳûͬ˵
ھĿռһԣǸӣûб䣬ڣңɣ䣬֪Ǽ
ڿһЩ
ɣϸڣû취ݳЩǼޣ˶٣ŵһǺһǺܰŶ֣֤飬ס
ԣ׵װ
û˵
ӣҲЦɫãͰֱʲôΪ䣬
ɣҡͷҲö֪
ҡɨ˴һۣɳһҶüսһɫ
ֹʮ죬ҵøҿ󣬻ҵĳ̶ȣԶʱǳսй֮޲Ҷɫ׵
˵ɣʱ󣬶ӦĲҺ£ǲúĽᷢĻҡҲعζڵһվʣܿҷԴͷ𣿡
۾ţЩȻȤģҶ֪Ƣԣ££¹жأ۶գһ¡
Ҳ˼ֻǺٳ
ӵʣɣĬ˺һᣬȻ˵ͷ䵽ڿϣЩӡ
ڿһ£ʲôҿûô͡
Ъ
ʶʲôʣȿʼĵطڤ󣿡
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˵ϡ
˵ɺϣԲܡ
Զŵڣ羭ĥѣ׺ɣЩݻٵģֻһΡ
һΣԪˡ
ŭµӣ꣬иϣྭշתų
ڿɫȫȫ˺ðΣѽͬ˵Ӧٶ̲ͷҴǰҷӡţûлᣬڣҲһֱͬС
ҵ£һĬ˵ġ
ӣǸӣˣҲжϡ
Ҷҡҡͷ뷨ȻΪͬУҲҪͷڿߵ̫ĻѪֱӼ򵥵ķ
Ҳпܡ̫ԣҲ±ʮٴηӡò֮Уͼˣƣ˵Լƣֲòڿһ䣺Ҳǻֻǳ󣬲С飬˭ԭ˵ܼʱֹԷûб˼
ڿյɵɣüģһۣ֪
ԼҲ롣
ĸڳ˴
׵ķɫӳůЩƵɨΧһȦ䣺ͷڿμ棬ڣûȾζ
ȻҲʹ˽Ӵ
ڿҧҧڤֻһѪҪϵѪڤϲмҵӣõġ֮ҷӡһͽ⽻飬Ҳ֪
ʱҶЦӣӣ
죬ûסЦһ
͵Ц˲١
ڿɫ˸ס
֪⻰˵ڣһ˵͵ñЦ
ָĿڣԻ˼ά⸱󡣡
ȣǻġ
Σ˭˵ֻϵڤϲֶ
ڿ͵̧ʣѵ𣿹żмء
Ƥʣż׼¼׼
һڿ˵ˡ
ڤһξѪϵľѪںϣԵҩҲֶ
սĵʱǿ칬иӦаǰûⷽ룬룬ʮа/ţаħûˡ
ӵһ
ЩϢ
ûиӴһεڤŮأ
弸ξѪ
ʱ˶аħ
ģƽ٣ת
䣬Ҳ˺ܺõĽ͡



99  99 
ĻһѪµ˼¶/ǶΣգ ˼֮ 󱳱óóȻϸϸܵһ亹
ϣ𲻸߲͵Ļ棬 ʱʱһը죬һҷĻǡ
ҾãӦǻû̶ȡЩѵسҪ ʶ;鲻һϦ֮ݱֲ֪˵ʲôȥЩ
ҶƵҧҧŵĲݸ Ҳֻ˵վȽŸµ֣ Ҳǰʱ¡
û뵽ϣһ۷ڿԴǣΪǰʱµ֣Բš
ѡͷڿԺͣ ̶ӽ죬 ˲ͼΪ顣
ӡɣͷ ҶѾÿں͵飬˵ĻԼ룬ǲŸѪ аħڰ֮ڳΪ磿
ˡ
аħֶȻΪɱ¾ƻû˿УӹɣѪǾԵǿûľϣܳ
ԣҡ
Ѫֶܸ壬ϴκĻӵ͸ܾ
ڲ⡣
һ
ôһεŮʣѡ˺
ԣ֪˭ʡ
Ҷ³ĲҶᵹ˵׼硣һ㣬ҲǺףȻվߵģΪϻʾδǳƽУڤ壬δһһ䣬ΪΨѵ塣
ڿ˵׼
Ҳһֱ⡣
鳶ڤҵϣڣ۰ı˵ʣԵƨᣬǸɴͷǷ١
᲻صһʹڻԣΧһһԵӲݣòҲ壬ɢЩĲͣ伮мء
аħײУѪۺ죬ɳаħѾɱ¾壬ʵѪҺײ˳֣Ǳؼŭ
οڤһ棬ܲ³׼ȷλáڣҸ˾ԣҪȥصõõϵĳϻ׿ϣһˢʮϸ
ƵУǺǿԽ͵ͨġ
ҴɩˡͷڿǱ߿ȥ磬ҿȥ
ڿҡͷüѹѹ£ǻˣҲ˵˵
һ£ǸŮҪһֱ𣿡˵̲סһ»⣬Ťͷڿ㲻֮Ҫɣ
ܲ˵㻰ڿȻûʲô飬ȷʵҲǸ⣬Ůҩģͬ·ӦҲбĴ㣬һֱǡ
аϽҺŮһ𣬰ٻȻ˵ӣǸԵ£Ҳˣ¾ʹ˽ҹһ£ҵǲ֪䣬ĸ䣬һ춼ЦһµģûŮӵУǾͱˡ
ɣ͵Цӣרע£⡣
ӱְҾһʣŮ𣿵Ȼ˵µʱ򣬻رãЩϰߡ
Ų£û˸˵
ŮģǺһӲԵķڿȻҲŮ̫ϤΪ˲ۡ
Ҷһ΢ЩȻؿ˿ڣҵͦ죬ŵĻҲʲôء
Ϥͺãʱ䲻ѰǵĲ²ʵǰʱյ̣ʮֿ£òڹžоһ飬һˣڹžģȫˡԤƣȥ󲻾ã̫ƽҲˡɣûôֱ࣬˵ԼҲֽ׶Ե
΢ָϥϣҪ¡
ȥժݡ
ժݣȥΧͽ壿һ
ɢЦȫɫ˿Լָ
֡
һҹĹ
ߣ뽫ֵͷ۵Ӻͷڿշɡ
ҹҵҲ֪£вͬ侲꣬ߺŮӣ֪ʲôʱ£
ü˺һᣬŻأһڤĸףڸڤҸѧϰ֮֮δ͸¶и򣬰ҽڤȡλʱҲֻǸңҪ̲壬λöᵽԼ
ڤλˣ鵭ĮŮԼɲģֻ·ߣµĻɳԶһʱŮҲ˸䡣
ڿӶЩԾ
ĿڴҶͣһ£ЦЦǳڤضĴͳÿһλŮѪɳܹڤȥ㹻͵ʱŮʱὫԼȫΪطɸŮȻȥ
ڿ꣬ü¿һ飬ʣԺ󣬲ҲҪѧЩϹŶԼΪɣ
ȻûôԶ飬ɨȻЩһۣЩĪʲôպõϣȻû˵ֻڻСûأ˭֪ʲôʱܳɳ
ڿͻȻʶһ⡣
ںӵĽ⡣
ء
պɳҪȫλŮӣȻһ֣ѡ
ʮڤȻȻͬ
˵ڤ󣬿ľûˡ
Ҷ˼һأڿסѩϸ۵󣬽һñ
ҹֲָ
ڿ΢̧һƾȼ𣬾ţĵĹӰ½롣
Ǻεֱӵӣ˸СҶϵĽߣ̬߹󷽣üĿһɺζȻǺڿѭ򽥽߳˹֮Ž⡣
żɽ飺㻳ģ
ڿû˵˼ʲôϸôǣ˰Σ۵׵İ⣬̯̯֣̹ϵصйɡ
ϾС£ʮǰı磬һΣҵΪ鸺𡣡ڿûѵʮ棺Ϊ鲻жΣҲòǷ룬㲻Ҫȥ
ЦһЩζ·˵˵£ԣٽҷӡһΣһأ㶯֣ʮһ
佡ڿͻȻС
ӽһ鿪һѷ졣
ڿȻİָ񶼷ֱˣҲֻǶ˶ûȥ
һ룬Ļ⣬Ҳ/컵ķΧڿ¹˹ĪıѬЩƣ㲻صû֤ݣңʮκˣᶯָͷ
ʵҪںĽĵܱ˵֪ηš
һˣܴʮ㽫ʮϵѿôأǲѵΣĻΪңַ𣿡
£ͲҪ˵˵ҲֻĭһĻӰ˵˰ο䣬ͼİˡ
ڿû뵽Գ˵飬¶/ǵһʰ׻ȻᱻһĲֵͷβޱȵ侲
ĻɣеķӦȫ뵽ˡ
еĸܵ
ҾңиɰС佣ҲڤŮʵ£˵ãṲֻб˴һˣҲδȥΪڵɺͷꡣ
ԣԼúܺá
ڿɣ¶һ˿붯ֵļ󣬶ܵѾõ
λԲκԥģܸͷ
ܸﵥ̸ҲΪ˳ķӡ
΢΢ף¶һذĲѵڷϣӵ𻡶ȣؿ˷ڿһĴ㵣Ȼһ˼
ϲֱӵԣҾǲ㡣
ڷڿ֮ǰһ仰Ҳ˵ң԰㲻ңθ㣿ǽľȫ㣬ڽС
պҲ
޷Ϊһˣ֮⡣
Ƴ˷ڿһָۣԾЩǸʱҵˡ
ڿⷬЦˣӿھͽϣۣͬ˵ˣ滳㣬ڽԵķǽٴηӡ
øõҾ뿪
ڿ̾һʵûа취ס󣺡ˡ
ûȷ֤֮ǰ˭óȻӡ㣬ҿ϶վһߡȻδȫָʵҲûкսʱôʮܴùҵģ͹һ
㲻õģùЩ¡ˣúãֻҪ棬˵Ҳη
ʵڲУҾͿ飬Ƿ뿪
Ĳε顣ǰ˵ʮȼŻѣĵòʣ񣬾Ҳʮ͸һὫ鴦֮󣬽㡢⣬ڤ󶼷ӡ
ҵȫԺ;Ѫ
ˣһڣǧ궼һ𡣡
һһ٣˵棺ܿνѣʹұжĵӣڤĻʷ򡣡
λʵڳϣҲ˺һᣬأ˲ë



100  100 
Ŀռ
һŨһ֦뿪ϵĺϣȻܿͱ˸ɾ
ռ ԭŨҪˮ Űûûҹļȡϡ һʸڿռΨһĻϡ
̶ֳȵȣԭĲ׽ҲսŨζɢ ſռÿһ䡣
˵ʮգڻء
óΡ
۾ ӼȻüۣ Цһ¡
һУջܴ
ּͷͷĥԣҲûסȸԾһᡣ
ϵ˲ûкȫҲʮ֮ߣ ʣµģ ҵݣ ȫΡ
ԤϣʵֵʱȻһξвʵʵĴΪԼ̫ܼǵ壬ӳһ·ߵڣ Ϊʧ˶ٴΣ˶ٴΣ˽㿴ںϲŭɫĹ
¶ʧɫ
ʮѰ֥ɵ˸ܡ
С˲ģ׶Щˣϸϸ㣬ŻЩ飬תת֣Լǻ˷粡ʹѾ㹻˸еο
жᣬ;ж
Ϊ֣ԶĴˣ̺ĺԼǰΪȴӯÿһ֪飬׷ױûԾ
ָϸ𪣬ٵǰ˺һᣬȻ󻺻սƣиӦһӿռɳ
Ŀ΢һգҲʲô˪׵ĽӲһĽǶն£ǰһŤĿռ䣬һ޴ͭѵһҵ˵ϣ顣
һĻȥ
ʵĳ¶ǰ
һþһѾ˵ľҶƬһ飬ֳĩ֦ͷĻɫߵͷĸ֮ס
սžķ΢΢֣أöлǰ
֮ϣģһž޴ֳ˺һᣬδ֮Уϡ
ϣϤζ˵ʱ䶯󣬾õʱӣԶŴ
һڰУĿͣףأ֮ǰڹžиӦϢ
һ٣Щã
ǸʱûеⲢǿ̶ȵ֪
ϵϢͷâʶò˱ᡣ
ء
飬̶ȵ񽣣ԼƢͰԣǰˣǿŮУȴޱ˳
˵ġ
̬ã츳Ҳã꣬òŭɢ˲١
ս˵⻰ʱΪ򲻹
ֹ򲻹
ռ䶼ǿ
űǰŮޡ
еطΪԡ
£ü΢ʣһˣʮ֮ǰ̤žһ·һûмֹǰԣǼǰžʱǶЩ̶ִֵģ
Ĭˡ
֮ˣƾŹžЧܣܼһȥҪѰʺԼеˣһнһϣ
ھԤɫĴˣҲֻһ츳ĺõӵܣԼ㣬θǿ
ԲޱؽеԺΪڸ
Ϊ޷ȫš
ֻ١
ͦģԶǵ壬ֻǣŻᱧűľĺᶨƵػ顣
ÿһ飬ǵ
Եһ٣ռ䱻֮ȻߣñδʲôӦ
Ϊ顣
ָ˻ģʮִ
ģӣľϲ
ΪǰͲ֮˽ƽˡ
ʮǰͣڽΧžĻ󣬱һסײδǿסֻûϵὫռ䡣
һ㶣ԼԼĲ뱻֤ʵĬ˺һᣬϲõȻ޴棬ʣǰڹžǿ־᲻ʲôӰ죿
ᱲκһ˶ǿͬΪ飬ᰮϧţ֣ƢЩģѡԱ
Ķһ¡
ͷ˿õŮڶ˴
Ա
һ飬ȫԺԱǹҲˡ

ʲôߡ
ֻǰźһУ赭дظ˵ȥɣã˵ѰһԵ
֮ǰῼԼ᲻ˣ᲻ᱻǣ᲻ڿһº㡣
ҲÿǣҲ֪֮Ҳɻ
еʹǳˡϵľɢЩοͲɣĻﴫУһʱ֮䣬֪ԼǸʲôζ
žĹޡ
Ҳٵȼʮ꣬־ҲһʼѡʵѡԼĴߡ
ǰߺáһιʾл⡣
ɢ
գżһ㣬ԾɢĿռ䡣

ˣʮ죬ǲù
Ҫʱʱ̵̿µķΧ̫ܴȾˡ
˼ǳüӣüԽԣžĵգʧӰ
ߵǽһϢɴࡣ
Ҫж
ҶͷڿЩ죬ȷʵе㲻״̬
Դӷڿҹҵȥｻ̸󣬻˾Ͳˡ
ȣϵһɨա
Σǣҵֻġ
ֻҪϹˣܲ³һ
ЩϹۡ
⵼Щ죬˼ڤڤ飬ÿҪŷڿһʱͻᱻ棬ɵ״̬Ȱˡ
ɣæŶȻû
Ҷ
ȻλϴҲĲɣǷƮһֻĽ׶Ρ
˼ΣԼû飬εӰֻϣһԣſգŵȰľ棬Ӧûı䡣
İ㡣
ιž֮нʱ⣬ͽʽ
ҶĲɣԭġ
ֻɣЩݡ
ҹʼ䣬ԽԽԼ/ޡ
ҶΪʮ곤ˣһϴԾӣϷ˼䣬磬ȥһǼ꣬ԿŮ/֮£ûаָд
ֱλ
ֱټŮ
ֱҹ﷢һЩ¡
ԭᶨƵ뷨
ҹԲŮժҩҶڸ¡ҺͷڿǱȦһ磬ǳԼֵһ磬ӺͷɣͷҲ̫ƽ
Ҷ񣬶˹־棬ҲţӰ¹ϵЩֳһֹ¶
ŮŷҩһĨɫٻӰԶǼɫϣġ
ɽרȻĵ
ֲͬ
ŮӣòɷȴԴʮìܵʣкַͣɢ
ҶһۣûͣĶ
ôˣŷҩ͸úúЪš˵⻰ʱҶ໹ǴЦġ
ܿ죬Цˡ
Ůߣ͸¶һ˿˿κ죬Ǻ˾ƣûоζȫǺŵӻ㣬ִ˿˿峿¶ˮ
ôˣҶע⵽ϢңȻ״̬
ͬ˵һҵ뿪ˡŮֲܺƵһĵӣƽջҪһЩ
뿪״̬ҶһĲ⡣
ŮÿָͷǺˮҶΣҩ⣬ŮкҺɽҩԣž֮ûС
ҵĲٲҩҪѹסˡ
ԭţٷ꣬Ϳɳ׸εġǧ㣬ǳ˲ӡ
͵͵غһèһ
ҶͷƤҪըˡ
˵ͷһҪһ񶼲Ů϶ͣһ£װ侲ʣ𣿡
ŮЦһ£۽ëһ£ҡͷˡ
佶£Ҹ㻹ʶ˵һҲǲ𡣡
˵꣬վϢԽȣӱϿҲû쳣
糺ѣ¾ݣѩ޳Ĳ˵ջж󣬳ȥ֮󣬾ͻжҡ
ҶǸ档
Ů߳ϸ˶סˡ
㡭Ҷ£ޱȼѣȱȥ
ŮߵСޣδ֮⣬ûʲô£ž֮Ȼ˶࣬Ϊڵ²㣬ԶԸҡҩԾָܻ
˵꣬س˳֡
󱻸ˡ
ҶҧҧǿӲЩȥûбķӡ
顣
ŮӶ污
Ůûп
Ƭ̺Ҷٴν˽磬ɫܲÿĿЩҷŮϡ
ҩЧŮѾû̫ʶ
ǻ֦һҶĻڱǼ裬Ҷ̲סͷһ໰
ޡ
Ҷô˵/Ů鰮ûȤҲֲ̣һЩȼʵӦ
ġ
ҶŮ͵غһţèצһ᲻صĺۼʹű⡣
ڡҶӽľͷΪάֵס
ԡȥӿɷԸ⡣ŮָǶϣ˵һ룬ƻ˵ʲô
Ҷ֣°ͣϸɢ鷢ܽޡҲѿͳɡ
Ըʲô
ŮԴļϣһһģ־Щû˵
ƽʱԸǲǺܺãҶ򦣬᲻أ˫ˮЦһٺõԸҲʱˡ



101  101 
ڵʮ죬ķֱҪѹס
˵գ ͹Юһ ȥ˱ĵط
û֪ȥģҲû֪Ҫȥʲô
ռĵʮ졣

һ Ҷʶؿͷ˺ѵĿӣĿնûӰ֡
Ȼˡ
Ҳˡ
ʱ䣬 ȷʵҲ⼸졣
ǲ֪ĴУ ˼֡
ڵҹġ
һȣΧתһȦ棺㵽˴γضһɳ죬 û뵽Ϊһµľء
ҿ˿ЦŽ鷢쵽׾Ķ󣬵ܰá
ҶϸϸظӦڵ Ҳӹһ˿죬 ҡҡӣ ˵ڣԺƴһˡ
һһǵĻȻ˶ӣ ʼѰĨɢӰӡ
̫ԣ鶼̲ס˵Ķͷˣ㵽Ҫȥ֮鲻ãʧ˺ü죬ŸջǱߵء
鲻ãһ⣬ʣڻЩ죬ǳȥ𣿡
ǾͷվͳȥˣͻȻŲ룬ҪˣȻ˸š
Ҷɢĳȥɣء
ͷ
ӻռгϵȻûȫ̳˾İΪͽȥǰĶˮƽȷʵر
ϰʹȻ
õĻ飬һ˵ˣǹ
Ҳ⡣
ѰСɽȺĴ£ͷÿϵǳӳ˽ȥϸϸˮ⣬֣һָⴥ˴ϣЩקһ¡
˯
ȥãжûۡ
ը̻һ
Щƽѹסĸֿʼ϶ֵű꣬ٽºҶ˴
Ҳǲܴ
С¶Ϊѣͷĵ顣
ֿġ
Գȥ˸طѹסĶ
ջռ⣬
ͻͻֱ̫ѨСһᡣ
غЩǵЦ⡣
ۣϣѵֳЩƣ۵߽ɣ䵭֮⣺
һż⣬ѧģ˫Ժпϣʣǲǳˣ
˵أɳƣ۾Ҳһû˯ѵɢ
Цһ£Ҳˣ˯ᡣ
û氲ظۡ
ͻָ׼ѰָͷһһϵȽȥǰҪһЩţȴ塣
ǡô
͵˳֫ٺСûƢһҲʲô֣ĵ̬ȡ
̲סһ
ֲ᲻ص޹ǵָģеĺһЩժݣܳ׻ָ
ָһ㣬˸䣬ƵҲ˺һ㣬Ť
һб΢ߴ˼Ȧͣµʱǡڹࡣ
ۣɢɢƳһᣬһ죬Լǰüͷ΢ʣһ
ڷɢ㣬һ˿˿һǼ꣬ʶز˲ƣͻȻʲôЩСڳʮ飬ҲЩ񶼸ˣʵֽռ䡣
һ⣬Щίģͬʱ³֣ƭҡ
Դǰ޾η֮ģҲûбҴ֮ĻңֻЦһϵһ⣬ͷͦ໰
Ĭһᡣ
ͻȻһ£ǿʱ
һ
ǸʲôԸû˱˽⣬˵һ󲿷֣Դ
û紵ĽŮ֪ûõĶ˵ᡣЩ꣬ٺۡ
ôˣЩͣϵĶȴЩס°ͣĿСβķɺϡ
˵ĻҶˣܲܣҲҵĻͷȥ
˸ա
Ŀްɢ˯⵴Ȼ޴棺ôûˣ
СЩȻҶ˵˵ģҲҵĻָ˻ΥΪۻġ
Ըָ
Ĭ˺ðΡ
˹
ɵָĦ۽ǵķɺϣţûڤ𣿡
һ㶣ʣڤʲô£
ص㣬ظ˵һ顣
һᣬɫ
һӾ뵽ࡣ
壬ڤŮʣϹŵǳս
ɫԴǵغս⣬ĹͷҷһܱЧø󣿡
û˵ˡ
˽ǧ飬أֵ塣
ѰˣǱսȷʵûøߡ
ë²£ǺĳȶסһƬʵɫ
ЩεΪѹңжˣ
Щػأ᲻ܿƣͦãҲűһ㡣
ҲÿƽʱٿޣҪǿ޵öˣ㷽ᰲοҡһ翴顣
΢㶣ЦĵѹôĻɢֿʼָͷҴ㿪ء
̧ҡͷҡ£С
Եġ
һͫɫûб·ˡ
ˣá
ݣҲţǿսԱʱ֮衣
촽䶯£ʣԣһĵͼǶԵģڽ
㻭ͼǴġ
ûзϡ
ƵᣬģֻڴСЩѹʱŻ᱿׾ģرߡ
ͻȻִ׵Щ͸ܿݺϸС֣صҧһڡ
ü
ɿ죬ڵλãֳصһӡóЩ
˺ˣеҧˣǼӡЦЦؿֲһ磬ôľͽ׽ǰ°ͣĿŰٰƣݵΣζ
ʱˡ
ӣƣҾǲ
ܹ飬취ġ
ǰȣǿʱδųаħ˵ʱ죬Ѫ²һ㣬Ҳ覴õģѳɴȹž֮ǿǱ忱̽Ҫʱء
ЩƣˮڣԶʱܰҲһԡ
ĲɵһҲ֪ȥ˼䡣΢ıǼ£һ𣬽һ///Եζ
¶һȦȻƣҶŮһˡ
Բ۾
Щȵʣޣ˭
ҶԼرһ֣Щ͵סѩ׵һ鼡/
Щֱ־ʵھ棺㿴ϸҶһֱ˵ԼŮûȤ𣿡
ԣ̲סЦһ
ûȤûȤܴǰҹһֱֵ
ˣһѾظ֣ʲô
ôǵ¡˵ȻЩͷ
һĶɤǵһػֱߵһһͰͣһʰ
ⷽ棬ЦһģͿˣɳƣеΣպռ֮ⲻΣʣ˶һˣܳס𣿡
һҧϣûʹҲ֪Ǿܾһܻӭ
ǳ׷֮ǰ
ɨһΧ
̫⡣



102  102 
ͷϣ ͵غһ
ֻϸֱۣ˳ƶϵǣţ֦/
ʱ
̬
̲ס˳ǣ΢΢ۡ
ֵģǰڹҴܷڵ/ Ľ˱
뵽һҶ˵ֹһĻ
ˣ Թûԭģ ûԭķݣ ῼǺ
֮ǰڡ
Ҫ ֪У֪ˣǻ Ӧʡ
˶˵øֵ˵ӵĻģ ܵþһֱߣԱסСŮͷ壬 Ӵ˶øһӡ
ڣ һʱ򣬹ȴޱеظоˣĹϵ 紫ģǡǡ෴ġ
Сϸһգļ/ֺܴϺõİ״ɡִ/ϣ¸ûʹľҲ֪˿̣/֮£һƬϸ⣬ȻѾһȦĺ졣
һ̲ˮǰͷķǾͻ񡣡
ﻹһӦ˺һʣڣ𣿡
͵һ
ֳһ̵Զ׼
ҹҶֵĶ
ûӴǰԿԳĹһˣ˵һˣǵ/ѣҲƤգһ¡
ɾǣòˣƫƫֻüԲš
ͻȻһ죬ˡ
Ҷǲ籡öֽһˣȻͷΣʱʱľ©Ǹڿ˵ǶŮ˲ȤվӺΪ̬ȵˣ˵жԴǣҹߵþж˷ܡ
ˣڲġ
˵Ļŵƨһ
̣ڶһˡ
ʵǣ벻ͨ
˵ǵĺӣռʮСеͷһҲøŵڶ
⵹á
һȷɿ졣
ֻһֱͣͬһ׶Σֱԭ̤
ȥ˵ڶˣǵĶûݡ
ѵü飬һᣬ׺תǹ⣬˵Щʲôû˵
ָͷŹĺڷһȦȦزֱָⶼǣ̲סЦһ£ʵûµģ롭
ͻȻܱӵһ£°ͿͷϣЩӣ룬ᡣ
һᣬĻ
ҵŴ˲䣬Ư˳ƻ/ں£ЦⰲժݣǾĳȥ󲿷˶ڹžУصʱãǾͿȶ֣δȫаħȫ𡣡
վñֱϻŸŴŴˣɫʢںҹвлĻƽ׶ߡ
ÿɷһȥˣ䣬Ҳˡ
齫ɣž
ӽһ˲
ȷʵȽϵ䣬̧ͷ˫侲ĺͫӣ죬ΣҲûеǸϣҪھ񡣡
һûһ׽ָͷ棬û˵
ʱ򣬳ĬܴһЩ
ͱĳϡ
˺ðΣڹΪ˯ȥ˵ʱԴ/ţ˺Щȴ᣺һҪúõġ
üһɢϹʲô䣿
һңĵػţûͷһӳĴ
סΣüͷ΢ôô
һԴ࣬ͻȻ뿪ˣҲϹ룬ȥģҾȥģһֱ㡣
͵ͳЦһζ

һѻʮ졣
͹һǰһȥʱҶǰըһǷɣѵ˵ػ췴Ҷܵҵļȳ򣬸߿ࡣ
һ࣬ŮӲ֪˵ʲôģĵͦгͶ
ĿһһȥܾеΡ
ܿ죬ʶŨصΥ͸е׳˭ϡ
СϪͷ񻣬һװŸ߸ߵβüһֿҩĳ˳ӵشϣӣŻ⣬ںڰ֮У沿
ϥڻѱߣҶôҹģ
ҶҲƳϪͷվһۣƺͲϲֱҪ˵ıӸƵģһ·תʮ˿ҽҲ֪Щʲô
˵⣬Ҷ̲סص̾һڣҪ˵Ҫ˼ҲˣôҲҸЩģȻҲպУôԼˣ֪֪ףԺɶìܷҲܲ֡
˵꣬ĸɲһԹأˣ治򵥡ʱ򣬳ҳֵܣʮ޲ţһôȺԭǴ⣬֪ûġ
Цã£ǵÿԼϲϲ˵ٶҲͽ͡ţȻ֪֪ףҲδ֮˵ıԣؼʱܻס飬ҵûǲ
Ҷ˲õһѾ¶һʲôʲô顣
Ůôһ£ͼһǰһ˻
ôˣϵ̫࣬ЦҲʶʲôЩ֣̲סһ
˵麮һѵ䱵
ԶڿңɣҲ׷ǰΧŻѳλ
ɫҴңϻЩû۵ƣ˵ʱǲ죬ͬǱţУ̫Ծˡӽĵһ쵽ڣϢҵĶɱ˰ٸʿСˣݣڲϵӡ
յɡ
ٽʱʽ΢״
ԻŭȺ֮壬ең¡
ڲиӹߣž֮ͳû˶ΨһϣڸҵһУҲʼԷ
ʣһ𣿡
䱴ͳһԴֵشÿ˵Ķˡ£ؽǧĿڱܸɾܣ򽫱
⡭ǸĻЩɻüʣ̽ûǷѱڣ
ɫصص˵ͷȷʵǣѱڡ
֮⣬⻹һϢ֪١
Ҷ˵˵Լжϡ
ҲͲ˵ʲôֱ⣬ʶ鲻ԣҹѰλãռһɽԱ̽úϣϵѪܽӽ塣
ЩֵѿȻܹȥʱΣֻðȴڣպҴǸĵܣòƾһѪųɹ˽ȥ
֮ǰһֱмͬҰ磬ҪһϷպ֮λΣҷ֣ĸˣһҴˡ
ҵ֪ŹžΨһڶס齵߲ɱ˵ȣһѪϴ
Ҳ֪ϢǼ٣˵ûʵ䱺ʵеظеɻ˽飬ֻڣǷ˾ɵˣȻܸɳȡ
һۣĬ˴
壬Ȼûʵ
ιž֮УЩаħҲˣɾ治һˡ
žģ˵ؼĶѪҺ
Щȫˣָտɴ
ɱһֲ



103  103 
ô£֪飿䱴Ǹصıᵽ˲ͬѰϢ Լôŵ˵ƲȫȻơ
Ҷͷرһۣô˵һͨµǰ
ͷһοϲС
ǾҶ̫ףתͷ۹ ͬüͷ ɫ ʱһ¡
аħ
Σ ֪ĶȻȱ˶Щаħţ ŷɥʧء
Զʱڣͷ Ƿ׷ӦͬЭšһ Žаħ𣬿ʤ
ûϵжȻѸ٣һ͵ȥӪ뷨ˮ ʩвˡ
Ǳʱ иӦİϢаħǿ϶ǱžˣУ ǹݡ
䲻⣬䲻һ򾡡
ûԥص˵ͷºͣУ١
ϸ䣬ú룬һŵ֡
䱵ü˼ãصָ
һʮ
ҡͷ١
Ҷһ¡
Ҳ¶֮顣
˵٣ȫЩĶУ׵Ϣȷʵ˲٣Ҳ˼ֻϢ˵ͼ֣ⳡж򵥡
ټټټ棬˭Ҳ֪ĸģĸΪųߵġ˵ҲôóȻȥ̯̯ƣʣδģ
Ҫǲ֪Щаħж٣˲ͼֵġָʹ̫Ѩ˵һ룺룬ϽӲӲľһСǴϽ壬֪֣Բ»زȥ߱Ҳ뽫һ򾡡
ƻʧܺƿŭʵûгɥʧǺѣɵز˽һ壬ͼٻϵĴɱΪʲôأ
תɢһ㣬ҹͳЩ롣
ҶͷڿƤһ˳˼
еĳɨ˸ɲ֦ɳɳ϶졣
ļžУŮ쵽öΪһʼĴ㣬ãˣҲûʲôʧǳսһĿģ̽ʮʵս
ȻҲģҵúܣһ̫Ķһ𣬹ðݣ⵼޷ܿƴճǰ
˵öԣʱЩǵʤ㲢󡣡ѹѹˣİ֡
īڣ䭸ܵ㲻̫ƽιž֮Уûи
ȻҲҡŮ䱵ȵļ룬ս統忪սʱ
ҪǴ𣿡ϣƾֳһް׵ÿüƴСϣֳЩ
Ƕɡ
ԣҲ֪˭̾һ⣺б޻Ǻõġ
طҹ̣ԵΪ
˿̣߽ǰףЩɫһͿԶɽ͵ŵһϸ涵峿еء
óµ˵
˼ʱ򣬲֣ȵָڹͻϣʵɽͣ˶ӣڹļϣȻ΢ŵ̾һ
Ҳġ߱ԹʮֺܾԼܵùʲôõ鶼ҪҵϣĵǰˣҪһЩ۶ӡ
䱻峿紵õκʱһʲô¶ϵģ֣˸ͷ˳ڷΪҪűȫˣʱЩ˵δ
ûϵͻȻɷµ˼һᣬûǼƽϡλãƫﾴηעϵĵӲᣬһ˾ĴУӦĻҪ֡
ɽӣǧưٻΪ羰ϲǣϧǣΪȨ/ɱ/¾֧飬á
ҴԶ־ˡһֱƽϥǹϣ־Щˣ￿˿۽ȶ£ָͷϹ۽Ǳǿ۵С룬Цʮ᣺ʣµԸء
ͫɫʮ䣬ͷ˿籩꣬ϸһƽ޲Цһ£üޣ忡
һɡ˳ָǽڷߵͳ󣬽Ը
ʢƽңġ
üĿĻȡ
ǡʱǡ
ϵۣ˿
ɳȥ̽Ϣ̴ӻˣطңõĽ̫ǿҷų뽫Ǳȥˡ˵ţ⿴˹һۡ
ƮƮƳһָۣͷ΢ѿһռѷ죬һ΢֣ƽƽ˱һͷɵŲ˽
䱳֣
˵˵ߵ䱿һͨװ磬üʣûְɣ
˵̲סֲ̧һ¶ĵĺ¶ѳһ⣬ӣţͦȫģǻǲҪȥˣ̫ˡ
ۣͷһ£˵أϹʲô
ó鲻
ͷ˸ףһһʮؽľǷһСһЩɺΪߵɢˣֱ⵽ѪϴǴΧһصķƽʲôˣʲôңһԲϾɱ
ϵڷ׷׵õϢȥǴΪʹҲֱĨɱˣڿţ˭˳۾һһĻ̻̣Ҳû˼һԵĴɢѰһЩױ˲Ľ
˵գֲ˲Ϲĺ飬СҲһıʿԭǻزģд˴µƣ˸ڣ˺ðΣſ
ҵɫ׵
Ȼߵһ
ӣʵ̫ΣˣҪǳȥΪʸ֮˵ڣ̫ӶŰҪѹȥ󡣡ʮֵǵؿԼҹһۡ
ҶЩϡ鲻䱣㵽ʲô游͸㣬ˣ
ʼ磬Ϊ⣬ǻȥ˵㶫ҲǰЩĹ/¡ôЩ꣬ʱ򣬿ɲǵðҸϣױôãյ㶫ôˣһӲء
ۼҪеͷ۵ز廰ڴʲôλã
Ŀ˺һᣬֳЩЩػأСŮĿڽأӦǱȥģھЩ·̣ڶϷ򣬸·ĻҪ졣
žƽ
ҹ壬ɢޣڹžλѰԵεΧģҪʵȷʵУҪôǲŽϱѪϴòˣҲкܶŷӣò㵽žȥ
Ů̾һôţԸԶܵžͷҲԸ˳ţպѰԵ
һ̤Ԫžڼǰʧ룬ֱ֮һοôһ㣬ǵһмɵȴأģظпһ䣬ųվ˷ɣļϣǵͷ˲ǳ˫ִûз
Ѿôã˭ѵãҲὫʱ䶼˷źͺϡ
ָͷ᲻صһ¡
תͷȥ˵ڳصĹУƽ²ĵɢ˴һۣպ󣬵īں䭽һῪأΣأҲ޷֤ǵİȫһ𣬱ɢ
Ŀһ¡
޿ɱܡ
Ȼ󣬻Ҫء
һʣؿǴҶܽȥ˵ֻеϿɵܽҪǺߵĻܷĸ׺ͷгҲȥܱܣҵǱ㡣
һͷüͷţû˵
Ҹģһʱ֮Щ
һþǰδѯʣͱһ˫ֽסżʵĴЩֺܼ꣬УղͬЩ³
ͣ
ЩΣζ𣬻͸Щ/ɳ/ȷˣ㲻׼࿴
һ£Цһ
Ϊ鲻ð᲻صƣ־ЩЦãʱ򣬽аħҪ˵׮£ҲǶ˵𣿡
ķǻＷһܵҲ֪ûȥ
ҲС㲻Ҫһۡ
ֻ±ȡ
һ
ԺƾõУʢվűˡ
Ȼ󣬽ˡ



104  104 
īʱ İƽ žֹǲŵСʿ
 ׺һ࣬ ɫҲֳЩƣ
鿴ۣ߹ȥ ü⣬ʣôǱʱˣ
ƽŸβӢˬ ߵģ ޣ ߸ϵһ࣬ ƣУ ԼԼһ׹ء
գѵ˷ һɵ˸٣ īڵĳˮк۽һ̽ĻȫȻһĽ/ķ/顣
۷һɨ 㿴һ˵һºЦŵӡ
Ļʲô׵ġ
ɫ΢ ָ͵̫ѨҡͷħһЩӣ鷳 㻹֪ôЩʶ͵÷ۡ
ħֲܵĵУЦһ£¶СյĸɾȫȻͬ
Ҳͦ۾
ѹѹָǽڷص˵䱣ʣôҲڣ
ŵġޱߵ鷢ĵػһ䣬ֵͳƣصѡ˽ȥûͬ⣬ոճһܡ
νĳһܣʵִ䣬䱵Эͷա
оʮǲ˽ǵĵϸȻܶȥҲҪ۵ģȥԽ٣Խá
ʲô׽ģҪȥ𣿡˵䭣Щζ
¼ҹһĿķϣ͵ЦЦţҪŮ
鱻üʶ¡
߹ʱ򣬸պ仰ǱЦʣԴˣ
Ƴһۣƫֱ̻׳ҵ˺ˣʮ죬ǲһ
仰һ£ɵһ̬Щάֲȥ
䭵˸վţ֮Уķǽһ˪һϴŵ˵Ц⣬䱵ѾͷƢߵֱĿ죬˵Ļȥ
ûЦ⡣
ߵģ˭ߵģ
Լһʱ֮䣬ֲѹ࣬Ҹࡣ
ӦҰɡ
úͲţȵˡ
ʱվߵⳡ粨УιҲǻᱻۣɡ
һ롣
㣬󵽵ģõĽ֡

ȥʱ߼ֱҪᴩ塣
Ϊ֮ǰĳԼ֪Լȵй棬Һͷ̫
һᣬظӦΪͻȻŷЦ⣬Ϫ˾ͻ˸оʵϲãҵݣܳ׻ָ˰ɣ
ףҲЦӦǵģöл
䣬¡
ڵһһڿҳȥ̽ˣҲʱŴһԲߣһҪʲô
Ƣܺã˵ԶģʱֻϸˣӣŮļӣԭкӴˣϲ
ۣͻȻ˹ָ˸ķľٶͽܶʦá
ʲôʱҶڡ
΢㣬δüشͼͥһǸǰӸ£Ƴɢ˿ӣ˵ļ䣿ʲôҪ˵ôã

ݺü֣ŷڽ࿪룬ԽԽֵ˵˵֣
ЦЦûбʲô˵ͷĳȥһҷɣ
Цãż࿪ŵü𣺡ź˵ģһֶûȥ
Сģתתÿɷ񣬲ҾԼ˵׼࿴תͷĵЦ˻ֶţ
˵ЦҶͷڿҲǸһôӲı˸ζ
һ
ҶͷڿԣС˵ڣƺòȫ棬ֿʼ䣬Ǹ̫ӣн̵ǸӣС
ֱۣӡ

ҹڿһص˽ڡ
һõϢ
˵ĻҪࡣ
Ѿںаħݣһ·ʮţ浽Ӵܵɢ޺䵥ɵӣͨģֹ䱣ǡ
ʮʮˣÿ˵Ĵͨ
ս⣬޿ɱܡ
գҾȥժݣʵʵ
ǵΪףҹ·ֱžĽأСԽһɽͺҲһһҹ
;УǻһЩˡ
Ķ顣
ٱ罭ҵĶ顣
Ȫ򸾶˸档
һģڱߡ
̵ˣǣȪײ˼ټϱĹϣҲԵģûôģôûǸڡ
صʱƲ֮УסϢѹѹµ֮ˣɫء
˸硣
Ÿ˵
ô죿ΪôĹ涨ԽصӡΣվԶ룬ˣ⻹ͷһֱ֮š
ɫɽǷŵޣȺɽ˵߳ڵסʶҲ޷֣һţأԶŵϢ
ڵǿšĿʵǿ˵ıԡ
ãڵͫУװͱŰָͷʱ򣬱ǿѹ˻ȥЩеͷȻֱȥҽţ͸ŽҪĹҪսԷΪ
Ը˵ⷬȷʵˡ
ǻù˼ôˡ
ԼȥոĹͷˡ
Լģ˵Щˣ˵ֻվŵе㺦µǿװ򶨣侲С
£˲ãʱ⡣
ǰҪ
Ƥӵ£͸ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷʾˡ
࣬վƴ棬һüӵعﹶӲдҡһ䣬Ƽǵ飬Ȼ࣬ü֮޳ɫޱߵҰĺͶδͳһչ
ˡͻȻƴ濿һ࣬
ΣǶϢĸӦʮ
һ̣콵һĽݣ¶Ͽϼյ۶ˣ˳Žһڽ쳣ȷǷ齵
һڰ䣬ûӰ
ۣһһ顢֮ݡ
ƴû˵ʣӰֱ֮ͨŵĳݣҵģףʲôʱ֣
ɿá
ԭ׼׳֦˽֮ţȡݣ˺Ƥһ򾡵ġ
ƻϲϱ仯
֮ݣһֻλΪ֮˲ʩչϣе鶼õӻ˵Ĺǵϡ
Ҳǣǰʮˣôֿը˲˼Ұë
ٵȵȡѹԸҡ
ǺȻĺЩаħԼ
ںñµԴ׷¶֮˵Ѫ˵޷ֿջ󣬸˵Ⱥ˵Ϊôǿ󣬱ȸЩСèСս˼ˡ
ĸаħȥ̱âʶܴ죬аħȥ
ƴ濴ҵһĻҪǿƻǻͱֹˣĿⷢûӵ/ˣ˷ԼѪȴսһͳ磬ǵļֵҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
֮ȫ֮ˣܲݵıӡ
סǣݵʱޡſȳȥҺȫնɱ
̴üãһȥ˲ɣаħ˶žںˣΣûбܿ˼Ѫ
аħǸ˷ܡ
֮ϣȹڣĿϸϸɨӪó˸׼֣ԹģĴʮӹϡϡһ壬аħҡ
Ŀ䣬Ҳն»ԣһֱӱɱаħϵĴ˲䱻ն£ڵϷŤ
ҵʹѪȵζ̼аħ趯ǵصĴ֣۾ǳԴС괭Ŵ˵ĶΪ
Ųһ¡
忡רĹ֮ʣƳһۣдδµɱ𣿡
ҡͷ
Цһ£ڽϵָ΢븧գֱϲŽȥĹѪü뷨ʹա
¡
ֽվ˫ַɿһķɳƣ
ԹԵذЩ
ȡҵľѪ
һ£ʶҪҡͷ
ݵʱ䣬Ͼ͵ˡһξѪĳɣüаħ̫࣬ϣǳԿ
ӹذ׵øɾӰѪɾȻ׵ùֵϸһǳĿӡ
һŴŽ˿ɫѪǳɫϺõ顣
ǡʱķҲһ
֮ţڿ
ûо춯صĶֻƿһˮûϢûƽЩ졣
̤˽ȥ
θϡ
״ǵﱬ˵Ĺâûж˼ʹ˳ȥ

ȫصԭء
˼֮ǳʲôһǱŭ⣺أõ
֮˻治֪
ΪͷԪžһһţ˭Խ
û뵽ôƹء
Ȩ
ӵȨ
޵ҧгݡ
ͨ뺣Щң˳ǳ֮ǰҪž֮лŵˣͨͨΪĸӹߡһһطԸ
˽أʱȫˡ
ָº͵ڹϣûж˵ʲôҲûбԹֻǺظ
ֱ׽ס֡
۾ˡ
βķɺ죬ĪЩŭֲģһᣬȻ˫ۣ˻ǺСһޡ
һᣬҾͲˡ
ʢƽҲˡ



105  105 
ָƬ ΢΢͹ϣ һ˿˿ĴʹЩң ǿŻŽ˿Ѫ̫ۣ ıǼ̲סеᡣ
ڵϣʼ˺͵Ϣˣ ֪ڲ¶ͺ˼ʱ
кܶ£ڵȥ
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ٵȵңҪܾá
˺ˣ صˡ
Ͳһˡ
һ£ ѵֳԵĳ˸ڷ һɢô ôţҲߣ
ˣ֣ ȴһֱδɶ
ƿֱһˡ
һСĽ磬ƲߵĳȻΣҲʱû˻Ὣעϡ
ȣҶȭڴ࣬ģؼٿһ᲻صý磬ݵ͹Ķλôǰע£ṻˣ͸ϽһһԲߡ
Դڹҵز£Сصû幻ȥ
üģʱͻͻ¡
ڲУҺߡ
ӳڣͷһΪһˣһôߵڴֵ
ϣ˽磬׼ȥݡ
ڲأ֮ŲԶûʲôΣգǽǲһʲôпܵġ
ԶХͣ׺ߵձǣͶ֮УһԾûӰϵķȴǹ̵ģûһ͸оϴĴʹ
صĻԶûеá
ʮֿµǣǷ֣ڵˣͲˣֱͻᱻȫų⣬ǿ˳ء
Ĺһ˷֣˵ĸ߶ȹע
ŵƻаħһȥǸʲô
ͻӻ֣ʾڽſţʲôģͲȥˡ
ˣ϶ҲûԼķݡ
ʢµԼɵء
ľ˵»
ΣգǵҲޣһʲô£Ҫ˵İΣҲǸ
ʶȤģٺòˡ
ٷֱǰĪѹһʽ򵥵ƽ͵Уĵǣ㣬ص㣬յĻҲܼࡣ
СŮЦ崺磬û˵ɿ黰ֻ˵˾䣺һ·˳磬ɹ
Цףĺ⣬ҲӿռóһȣÿһȹϣһСС֮࣬óʮϲ
ʮ˾·
ȥϾˡ
ɣҶȥǧݻָ
ʣµˣȥĵرͻԵзʱϵ
ҹ͹ͼϵλãһ·
ܿ죬ͽһƬɳ֮С
ĿããһߣվϣɳƤǱһ㣬ۣϵضԱͼϵλã̲ס̾һ
ԼҲЩɻ
飬尵еɼͼˡ
ĵأ˵ˣͨĻĲݶ
һɵģ¸ͬľĿĶҲԵУŲæ
˺ҹǵ㣬ű£ݵ񽻵˹
һһظϵ
ֺãˣֱüͷ
ߵʲôëܲãЩӡ
Ѱʱǲôһһѣµġ
ڣϵɵһѹȥܹȶҲǶһ١
ЦЦû˵ǵѵؽһʱϵسĬ
СŮ˼ǶףѾռ˹žĴ̣ҲõѶϢֻҪʹ˳žҵҲʵǲģž꿪һΣɵӲŽûãǿֶ飬ӣⱲӶûлˡ
ͨ޵Ҳڼǧ䡣
ˣи뷨Ҳûǿӹžг롣
Ĭ̾һȻˣŸԼжϺ;񣬱㲻ٶ˵ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ͷͻȻһȽϴƵʮּҾԼ˵Ļʮ
ž忪£ѵ岻óеӦԼͷڹУЩ޹֮˽ѣּģ˳žʲôýĶ
ĿһݣЦһǽžˣÿڹžе˲ǶҪԼԼһ£ҪǰǵһĺǻδҲ̫Ӧˡ
˲ӣ෴Ӽ֮Уʼ޿ֵؽ˵Ƴ磬ܾ֮ʣȴҲûУֻ˳žҵʧأʧ飿
գһһصôڴս٣֮ʣϣȲµĸӹ߹ıûУֻԿ͡
ͷ˱ҭһ£û뵽߸ϵŮȻҲ˵ۡ
ĳĬûгãܿ죬ǱЦһŮ紫һıûУһƤ˿ˡ
ˣҲûôִۡ
׼񣬾ͱĿˮ˶˹ȥһָڳֱ˳Ź⻬˶棬һŤ˼ĲҽŴĶ
̣쵽˼㡣
Ƶ³һ
Ǳߵõ˽ѵٲΣٱѵж
ߣû£Ǵдˡ
һʶ
Ƴһۣȥžһĩʵǲãѹ˺صŭһȺĹεĶʲô
ԼʶԣˣѾ֮ˣһѹȥĸ飿ǾŮȻʲôҲûд̼ˣŭЦỺĴܵĺ⣬ȻôǾ͸ˣ󲻹ӵ༸ˡ
ı⣬ҲĲѹƢһˣ׽ôϣĴÿԡ
˵öԣԼὫ׺һ飬ҴȥѣԼɳͲ͵Ǹǰˡ
£ùܵġ
˳˵ôϵŭ֮ɫЩ
޹ǵƣԸױͷ۸ʲô˲ƽˣսģڶˣţ
ûҾţߣҲûܱ۸
⣬ôߣȴѧǰŷӣ
ԶɳؿһɫС
ۼ⣬شӹгָƬɳЩ쿴ǲϾݣ
˿Լ˵ƣЩõü



106  106 
ڻĮпģ ȷʵϾݡ
Ͼݣʹ֮ˣ ָԭеģ ʶ
Ϣس֣ӵѹεسŻɳ֮ѹǿӴܵսսԭشһᣬ ֪Ǹ˳ӱ߻˳¡
Ҷԡ
ɲʱ򣬹Ѿ֣
ŵӴϵ Ҳûѹ
ԣ Ҳֻʿ˵ǣ ܼ򵥱ͬ˵Ĳͬζܵܺ ģ Ҳ˶ѡ
ǧ겻úܰȫ õʱ£ ŵ֮
߽
˵ʲôܡ
̫󣬸ĴҲ̫
ص ʵѲ⣬ ˭Ҳ֪Ƿ㣬ݱص̶ֳȡ
ڣǰ 账壬Ǹ鷳
Ǽƽϵʧʱ
ˣþ
ݸСûʲô˵УҶƬ⾧ӨһƬɳУǷŹıʯͷɫˮҺ
һƬҶӣ£һֽӴһ̣Ӿͽסˡ
ĺ
һﶵͷµˮգۼѾ鲼ȫڵ֫ٺѪҺǿ࣬Ҫһ㺮˪
ָоԲڱС
ĺ󱳣һӾͳ˲ϸϸĺ
רע˳ߡƹȣҲ֪ʲôʱվţڻɳкȷҡҷݣͫ΢᲻صѡ
Լ컯һ
һ޼ʵĻɳгɳεż콵ף¡¡һƬʱ㵽ص£ԼѽѽģʵһҲû˵ϼ仰
¶
ʮֹ¶
һֻ˱Ϣк޷ֵı
ܸܵݵǹתƵϡ
α¶ñҪԻٵĸоһһǿĺ޼ɵߡ
ʱһӾˣݵĿ顣
飬Ȼ׽סͨǿдԻ٣ҲЭ
Ϊİԡ
ֻ顣
ʲô
֪
һδεؽݵ־УȻһδεس룬ȴվûܸͬܡ
ǧ궼ڻɳ֮УƬߵأѰʱֻܺԼĸ
Уֻлɳ͹¶顣
ǡ
ûã͸ڹߣ֮꣬飬ĿΣһ·߹ǹ˯˽һ꣬ߣҲȱѺ顣
ù¶ˣȥҷɣ塣
ҷڿȥ˼䡣
Ȳ֡
صӳ˯ѡ
ûù¶
޷ݡ
֪˶ãݳһʮȷľܾ֮⡣
ҧ
ʱ˶ϸϸطΪʹѾһ൱µĳ̶ȣڸտʼ͸ĺ⣬ͷ۵£ѪҺҪһ
άǸݵƣֱϣȴֳһϸܵѪ·ڷˮ˳ӵƽ̣һŰƴСŨīһɫĵüףû˿Ѫɫ
ܿ쿴ǿŵ״̬
֡һ䣬ûʲôʧ档
Ȼѱܾǿ޼£ֻԼܿࡣ
ǿʵ䷴
֪֡
Ҳܷ֡
Ͼݾλõҿڷڿģһ·ǿأΪŬģԶֹһˡ
֣򵥡
һ֣Լ룬Ժҹҹôڣ룬Ҫǵ¸ôһӣôһӣͿˣܵõˡ
վڹһֻȵķ񣬲ڴ֮ʣֳ⿴ҲҪԼɵ㶵԰æĵطûС
ٶּ֣Ϳˡ
ͷһγŹҡҡͷӨĺĶʹ䣬Ǳ˶ס˺øɳƣÿһ۶µʮּѣԡһ¡
ǿģʾ
һֻ۱һֻҲͰˣֻΣȥڵѪԼڶݻͷĿܡ
һ֣顣
ţһʮΣյľٶ
ǰһƬģǴˮ̳һ촽ҧֳѪζӲԼ˳
ǰһĻˮ޳ָ΢ڰУĳһǳɵķٵβ˷Ǹ
ļǴһ֮ԽԽüһܷؽǸùķĨ顣
ԽԽ
ѵҲá
룬ȷʵ١ȻǿƾһţÿһκüͷҪݺݵһ¡
һ֮
ٴ֣뽫ǿ
ʱݵҶƬϣͻȻĹ⡣
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ֻˮ˹Сè
ȥȴ־ܾˡ
˿ڶεƣֱ֮Ҫˮ
һĺأңȽݸˡĽس̶ܴӰڣģҲûӽܡ
͵ڻɳ֮УǳɫȹմȾۼһһŵĹɳӣټʪ޷Ҳ˸
ͻȻ˶ĸʲô˼
ΪڣôҲûеǰųͲܽܡ
վ࣬ӸƳֻܼںڵķ֣һ˸ķĵصЩ
»أҿ治ˡ
ȻûиκλӦ
һ޼ʵĻɳУ˾þɫرܹκһ
ݵḶ́ʮա
ʮգ֮⣬˷츲صı仯
ұΧ£ȣǿӲҪԼԭ˵˳߲
Ҫѹȣټаħݵع⣬ʹ֮еĶɳķŭ
аħ׹Ĵѣûǵɱ¾˵ö֮
һŪٶаħ
ֿ
ǹѩһԽԽ󣬴󣬷ȫơ
쵼ߵλôã֪ʲôдһ棬žѹԵȫ£ĵĻӡ
һЩҡڲĶСɣ׾ͱЩۣټҲȷʵҸʵͻȻǵԣϵľצ
һЩȽϴҲͶ˼ֻǽһЩרŶһЩнַУʵ΢ĵǺͶǶ˳˹žݱܷͷ
һϣǵͷӦٶȣȷʵù
Ϊһ󣬾˻ɳѣ棬кܶ飬ڵ
ָһǣŷͰҲ˽ء
Ϊŷ𣬹ǰеӣϵÿԣκ飬ƶԵԶԣΣıһ·쵽ò·
ֱףǱûͷ˶Դӵõ֮󣬾ҲûԴ
ΣлһЩ΢΢Ŵ˴¼ּ⣬ҵһ˰ţһϣҵȹŷҲսһַͬ塣
üЩ⡣



107  107 
ָһ졣
ֹЪ ɳƽããҹɫУ Ǻ貣 Ŀޱȣһ׳ܵ澰ͼ
֮Уʮѵá
ͬһʱ̣Ҷ˾̧ ֹŷ˫ֺʮ˾䰢ӷ𣬶תǵ콵 ʮĴϲ¡
Ҷͷڿʶؿ۽λã ϲ֮ɫ˳׺ˡ
ȥư㡣Ӵ˴֣ üĵɢȥϣ ¶һʵЦ ֳһϢ
ءüͷ΢Űеĳһ ɴŵķִȡ һſŵתȥ ģ Щɢζ˺ˣѧ͵Ųˣ
Ҷͬʱ¶֮顣
ǵʶɢȥȴûѰκϢ
Ľ Ͳڰǣֻһֽ͡
ڵΪѾ֮ˡ
٣ҲǴͬһˡ
δҲ̫ˡ
ڰҶűǣЩţΪĳ̶ȣǲ̫˵㣿˼ݣ
ббƳһۣᡣ
ֳ
й³ͣ㣬ȹ߹һһ٣ӲԶͷ¡
ûüĿ֮¸˫ѥ
ڿʱЦòС
һ£ܹԵؽѥӸˡ
ʶظӦڵȻȻ֣Ȼһ˿һҲоվǸǰģһδӴ֮;ķˡ
˵ǰǻмֲţȴǣҲˡ
ƯˡҶѷһЩϵϸϸɨһ飬޵Ҳһˣ
ԭЦȴЩ̲סˣȻؽԼִڹЩͻϣ̰ףϸ壬˵Ҵǰδؾͳüˣ
⻰Ҷˣ򴽣첲Ůһ£ε˼ʮԡ
ŮҲǽһʶؼʱ˵һ߲һ񽫼ĳɰһЦҲȫȻ˵
ϸۣ̲סòûʲôȷʵͬˣǰԵøЩأЩ
۾״ԴһˣǰǶһݵģ³޴һңվһ𣬵Ҫѹ÷
˵꣬Ůʹ˸ɫҶޣĸÿЩ
Ҷû뵽Ҫʷ
˺ðΣĿŮ֮ת˺ܾãҶܾãҲû˵ȷеĴ
ѵü֮ǰ䣬ԭЩŵ˼ȫõӡ֤
Ů״΢鷢ɢڶ࣬¶ŽεСǣס֣̾һҶ˵ȻҪģͱΪˡ
һһġ
ȵڿʱҪ衣
ģͷ˼ȴǴ˴Ƶġ
Ҷɫʱ
ָŮ᲻صһ¡
Ϊʲôˮƽˣ㵽ΪֹŮƮƮת˻⣬ʳ˴֪⡣
˼һ£ȻָָЩ
Ҷ˭ƮˣôһùԱء
ǶһѾϸؽһ£ڵΪսֱӲӲսҶ࣬óģҲǴ򶷡
λҶسĬˡ
սʱ֦
Ƴ׻ָЧȻҲǳɱӡ
У䱵̡
Ϊļ룬Ǳʵѷ䭸ſ£Ǹʱһŵĵ޵ıȲ
һϢˡüɿЩ˿񣬵ħ´Ϣˣûȫڹž⣬һСֵаħѾ˹žʼ棬õϱǡ
ңǱߣҲȥ˵⣬鿴֡λŷ
ǱҲ⣿⶯ӱҪ󡣡
һͳˣֹӴθҲ󡣡
ʮ࣬Ǳߵ͹ŷǳĲ£ʲô¶֣ʲôħҰʢʢ°Ǵġ
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Ϊֵ٣Уɫʡ
ǵǿӹɵġ
һڹŷ컹һλ
֮ڣ֮УΪڹ֮£࣬ҲôȥӦǿˡ
ˣⷽʱ򣬺ûֱӱȣǰְֵټҲû֣Ǹ̸ˮѼһĸʱ˼
ҲƤС
ԭѰҩλŷ𳹵ա
˵ʮ죬Ҷʲôջ
Ǹʲô
֪ǧѾҵˣȡһƬҶָɣߣ˻ûгƬҶӣλŷˣΪ飬λл
ҪҲ˻
ܹ飬һ£һжõһ淢չ
ģԷЩ
˵ʱ򣬹ǲ˵ģӳƢҲ˵ؿϣָͷǴķ飬һһǽڵ󣬺ܹԵ˳ߡ
һ
˶ɢˣҸæԵģϴЩЦݾڲסˣԼһСǰգÿ΢У£ͷʢǺеˮǲ㲻̬ȣʣ㲻þ𣿡
ɨϵĶѥ²һ˺ˣЬˣȷʵͦȡ
Ȼǵȵȡ
˶٣ַҵΪ˺ôһأ㲻Ծ𣿡
佱־ͲӡСˡ
˸ĺڷʧʮ㣬ɤЩƣţСŮһˣǺ¡
ҡ
ЦһɢУǵСŮ
ˣЦͬףӴ˽̵úá
벻ǣȷɣļ˺ϸѵ
ǰаΪѧĶޣкܶɱкͷֻǰӣ˰֧ţͷ÷ɿ죬ĽٶȣҶ˿档
֮⣬ʼˡ
ƺ⣬Ӵ
Ĳó
ֻͣҪǺܹǵңҾʹдƽϣֵԼﲻĵˡ
ģȴǴɱ֮
ѧͷۡ
㻹ǽҷɡգıʣһСòӡ
˻סЩĳָ°ͣͳ˵Ҫң
ǡеָ˵ǰһѱӣðģ
Ը⣿ķº͡
Ҳû˭˵ûܵظԹԭЩ֥£ɸѡͳ£һһģͷΡ
̲סЦһ
һִˡ
ϲãصˡ
ͷ۹ͷۣ£ÿضʮȥԴ
ڵʮ죬̵Ķѧ˸߰˰ˡ
ڣĩָ
׼ؽء
ʮÿһ񾭡
һ֮սʼ
еǣһֱڹžˣȴڹϣеĲ£˳˹žǵĴӪ
ǵһȵûһ
Ǹʲô˼û׼
һպǴʲôˡ
˴Ϣ弯ʮ죬»һղ飬һһأԨʼ𡣡䱽صϣɫ粻أһһ٣ֱûӡ



108  108 
Ԩ ʮصء
ѹħѹħԨ Щ֮˵ĸѹĵ̰Ԩ˺ɸѡ صĶ 壬 ׳⡣
Ԩصأ 岻롣
ϻ䱸Զ͵˼ۣ ˾˺һͨ
ΪԨϵŹҲϵ
ɫأŭ⣬˹һۣԨ壬 ֪ܲ ֪ΪΪ֮ ԼİΣҲ𣿡
ҶҡͷƶңǳȥˡԨҪй¶Ҳһͳˣ ԼĶɣ ־壬ʳ
Ҳô뷨Ǹаħ¶ģ ʲô˼ɵģ
ǵûȥӱ᳤ֻ־ͷĶҶǳȥҲŲ˶áⳡսǵôЭʤ㣬ʮ켸֮Щǿʮֿ͹۵ط
ǱذɡڿӻЩѾõˣҲû˼ʱϵԽãаħԽǿ󣬶Ƕ㲻ȥģӦս
⻰˵ãԼÿЦ
ͷһΣòöʣݱܷâ
ͷһ⡣
ơ
ĸꡣ
˵ͷ׿̧ԶĿ亮ˣʣô
ڵӶ˶Ϸʵһ
Ҳ˽е̧˳ķһͷһ
ˣŲţָ΢ЩɳƣһѪζԶЩ
ųһģϵͭĶεƶϵԶ
λֻڱ˿е𣬽쳾
˾ȵǣųǹŰĹŷӡдüĿŨģԶ෴ʮ忡䣬ҲͺͷڿСǶŸͷҲǸС
ǰԶĵطͣ£˫ֺʮ˸ЦŽ˷ȾѪ±ߣЦºͣžΣգʱɱ˼۵ĶСմ½ǣԶЩǡ
Ǽλģºʹݣ켫ţ˵˵һҳƺΪЩԾ
ҶƤصһ£ųҼǵһ㽲ʱǼɱɱġ
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һ
ֱһת˸ס
Ҷ΢ɹķ𾭶㷽ⷬһҲһ˯һΡ
ɣλļ룬ǵĵЩ
ֵһǣֺͰλŷԶǰžѰǧݣӶǣ׮Ϊľƹųħˡ
ųյʱ䣬ǧݵƬҶӣٴʱϵϢǿЩ
ڼ䣬͹ųڽ̴սϸڡ
ųΪߣЩ飬Ҳ²⣬һ״̬Ͷˡ
Ӻιˡųܾû˵˵תЩӲ
ҲǸĬԵģ˹ųʻݺüе꣬ԽԽƲסʱϵķ飬Ϻܴ
ų²̾һƾǿΪǽѹȻ۵һ̶ȣأЩԼҲ֪
ϵĸ측ڱˡų˱ÿ˵ķһִۣóһ̴ζŨ⴮ϵķǹҰǰǧļƷЧϵĺЩ
ɨһۣûա
ָ˵Լϵ⴮Լ࣬־ģ
ųҡҡͷԭ벻ͨΪˣҲˣ֮һ֣Ҳ㲻ȥ
ͬȸʶ/ĺ̸Ůˣеͷתתʣֱ˵Ҫʲô
ųҲʹ죬ָͷξѪ
΢΢ۣǰ㣬˲üѹԣЦģϾŹųʣθô󣿡
ųüӾѪȻΪ󣬿Ҳռıˡ
˵˵ܸʲôЩȤӰ֮УܵǿСɫǸɺ˵һѪ
ϲŮպ󻹽һ٣⿪ѹƣһʱްȥ٣׽ٱų˵Ÿǽ𾭵ĵӣһ٣ҿ¡
ǸʱѾˡ
˵⣬ųƺǾ޷⣬ĸоͷһζԼֱȻʱ֮У֮ǴţҲôá
һ鶼ڶġ
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ѡȥ
ĶˣʲôҲøɾܻĺƽֻʧһƢõĵӡ
Ĵˣֻʣһ
а취аħҷ
ܾû˵ͻȻһĦǵλã͵͵ЦһĻ⣬Ҳûʲô
Ƶسվ֮ǧ꣬£۴С첻Ӳ
ų룬ҡͷ첻ں쳾УҲĳرĹĽⲻǵĹء
˽ǳŮ£һ֡ųֵʵɲ˵ģŮȣΪһǧʮϣҲֻѹ
΢㣬˹ǣºͲ٣ܾǴǰǸױ۸СѾͷ
̶Ľǵڶһߣһҹʱ䣬ռŲ󷨡
ҹǺƺƵһ˾ͳ˽ء
û뵽Ǻԡ
Ѫǰһɫ۵Ůɴʣ¶ӣһμʱ˺ܱܶ࣬紵Ƶģϵŵ졣
ſڵϣŴ˺öȫǰ߲ѪϢ٣Ρ
Խеĳ׸ʮƣۣһ˽˰ɡ
ɫӡ
ǣֿ˿ԣʣѡʱͬԣ
ԵͷصؿһЦʱԼЩԵӰӣЩƣΪһ˽ô˶ˡ
Ϊǵһǻģι˹ֱʱ򣬻ڱá˵⻰ʱԶỺָ˸䶯ϸ˿Ƕ첻ˣǵֵϵ
µһʲôù˼ɣģԽǸڷ˿һƮƮǵϣȻЦЦְɣˣͬҵĶԹҲͳ׽ˡ
սеĳ
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