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1.׷޻᳡he

2.Ѻÿ

 1 

С㣬վվɣҪȾϷ纮ǿɲúү
ۿԽԽܣСɵվ̨ױߣѾ΢ʪȴȻչŮſڣЩԹ
ͻȻɪһˡ
̧۽ǰһƷ˿ʱ컬£¶һСۣȴǰ߲˰̣»ɣ׵ֱԵɲ
Ůһۣа̾Ϣһæֵͷ
ฮλС㣬һλ飬ةͷ˵ͷ⡣
λ㲻ĶС㣬Ϊ˴Сҩġһ֮࣬´ȥȻҲֻЩź֪
ةཪ֪ͷ޳͡ٳȢ֮ʱͷҪһһһ˫ˣȴΪܽһʱ˾綾ⶾ֮ΪŹ֡Ҫ׵Ѫҩ׻һλҩˡ
СĸױҩˣŮҲҩˡ
ϲ֪һλŮϲһǡϲϲҪ޸֪ӣȢҲΪϲһŭ֮뿪ȴة˵İܸ˻ȥҲ֪۫ôвʵʵฮ
֪ǷһֻҪ͡һλӣȴһ榣֮٣ҲɶԳ͡еΡϲҲȥԺӣԴöȴӲģȴҲϸ
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˵ףҲǸˡ
µýˣСԺԴİŽҶ˿ʱ¶İתԼŮѩ˵ȥ
榸˳ƵģŻüβ㽫ѩ뵽ЩмֲԸˡС㲻ãСֺαطҪ
Смίɽҵβ᲻ҵġ
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лҪ˵һ
1.׷޻᳡Ű
2.̸𿼾
3.ϲɵXҶߣǿĵģԾ
4.


 2 

ˣûʲô˻Ϊѹֻм֪˱꣬̾ñҡ
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ˣǲԸġ磬û˵ôֻǱȽϿСĵģ˵껹
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Сĳʶ                        
лҪ˵ۣܵܽⶼĸ
С⸣ҪҪ

 3 

Сܹĳʶںܶǰʱʮܹ꣬񲻹ꡣ
˻µĺܹͯȻϳɵģֹ̬
ǻʺǵ̫֮ѡɻʵֻһĻܶǳ谮мӣʱ˲ǷΪ
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ʱȾϷ纮Ҫȥʼ鹦Ρ
ܶó䣬Щ˸߲ҪչʾܹʱҲڣⱻһȡƽգزܶ⣬ֻǵվ񲻼ãֻ˸ƽ֡
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ллСʹ͵ĵף

 4 

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 5 

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ֻǴ˿̣ǰ۵Ķ                        
лҪ˵л߰uuͶĵףġ
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һվж

 6 

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ǰܹǸĹģʱϣܹСİǳġ                        
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ûע⵽ˣ

 7 

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̫ûŨúܡ
ܹӻЩ죬뵽Сʱ仹û齣ӱЩ԰˵ڸһﲻϲ˵׼Ҫһʱ
ǵ»ô磿
Цһȥץ˵ʱҹۣ𶼲Ը
ⲻһ˵ҪʲôԵԸŵģһʱʲô
ǲˡ
ҲĽ⣬ܸܹܵÿȥСʱƽҪõض࣬˵˼֡
ôϸܹǲϽƣСʱ򣬲йءŮ֮飬˵ǶԽСһ㡣
պҪȢܽ˳ˡ
ǽСôģ
˱죬Ը̣һʲôСǸֲʲôŮ֮顣
ܹ̤峿¶ˮӻ԰һֱߵߣԼ˽Ų
֮ӰէһΪĸŮӰٽЩ¶˵ò
峿Сһ˳֣žЩ¼ſ
СȻܹ񣬷۾һ󣬾Ϊëɨǲ࣬͵شһ̧ͷˮģֻ֪ӡ
ѩ
һͷ뽫ڻһࡣ
磿СЩȣӿ첽
ܹ񴽽һĨЦ⣬̾һô磿
ܹͻȻЦˣοһĺΣмʱͣˡ
ʱ뵽ģЩ˿жܹ
ѩ鲻Ķ˺ü䣬ʱ߶
ӣ
Ƕ˵ܹǾӣС˵Ļ
λȨصûһɾģٹ£Ҳǰ಻
ܹǻӣδվڸߵλϣûжܱҪλȨء
С˼룬ҲܹͰжϵ
ôˣܹԼûסЦһëַͷ¡
Сˣ޲ýԴȥ
ôʱѽ
ǰײ裬µ˼Ϻõѩɽƽة๲Ʒܹȷʵ˸֪˲裬ȻǽڣСܻš
վİŲ裬һ뵽Ҫ׸ֹ֪סۡ
ѩɽƽֶĺò裬һİĲժ˲٣ճɲãܹǻӣҲſֵ
벻ʲôҽ֪óԼصĺò衣
ΪС£ѩɽƽ͵֪ƥϣֱǱ
Ϊܹ̾Ϣ꣬ûס˸ǷСע⵽ʵǲ˯ú
˵ΪԼ̫ˣһ̧ۣܹɫͣЩЦЦζĿƽؿ
ÿαܹţֹסͷƤ飬æǣСجβû˯á
ԲǱ
֪ʱ̫Ѿˡ
ɢҶϸ˱һ˪
ǰһжξͨ͸ǰҲˡ
СԳ⣬ɫ˵ʵġ
ߴ̵ۣҪ̧ȥܹһĿĹʵ
ӱ£Сͷ磬һȥĵƻᡣ
ܹͷǡúͷСߣͫӳԼ
˰ģҲˡ
סƬֺ̺ܿعЦǳȴǷġ
á                        

 8 

붬ܽԽԽ۵ҹѰޡ͡Ůʹ֮࣬Ҳ˲
֪ƣฮѹ֡
С֪ܽԽأԼھԽҲòȥֻӲŰЩͷϳԺЩ¡
綬Ѿˡ
Ŀʵ뷢ڶһճɻ飬Ϊأ˲گݱһٹĽգÿһգûɽ˺ͨﵩһƬٻľ
СܾýĶձ껹Ҫ䣬ʱصع˺һ㡣
ѩ˴٣߸ɫϸ׹ëֱ˼黨ȥ
źɫļаıȹĵɫѩͬһ㾫¿ɰ˼ϲ
ھ֮ɫʧ̬æܹı飬ûעűٿ
ֺܹڵԲۣϵţͦξ׳ˡСվ࣬ǿܵ
Щ
Сû̧ͷʲô˼
ڿò
ͷҲò
ܹȻʧЦԴˣ߰ɡ
ɫ磬͵ˡ
ڳϣһ̧ͷĿǹĻƣʽͿŲͬɫ
̯׬ǮĺʱʲôֵֹĶС
ܹ񲢲ϲȥ˶ĵطǱ˵ģǸ롣
δСһж棬ָŲ׵ʶģ䷳ػشҲʲôĵˡ
ǻ׹лƽգһ춼ᰲֵڼС
˶ˮҲˣĦȺ͵ǮĻã߻ŮӺӤ
Сƣ룬һŤͷһߵС߽ŵˣܹӺסôˣ
С߬ӱָС
СæߣЦ˵ӵСúܣⶼǼٵġ
ܹĺ󱳣û£ֻǸߣ¡
һ߼Ϲҵߣǿɲŵ࣬һμŵҲ⡣
С֪飬˵궬նߵģλûųĪû
Сһץܹӣôóȥ𣿡
ܹ̲סЦС˵òеĪƽϡ
ʲôƽϵġСͲܹСţһǷǸ̬Ȼ׺ҲֺǺǵ˵ˣλɾǷһûôÿءҲǣƯ
Сϰİ˵Ĵܹ¶۾С
Сȡһūߵݸܹ񡣡ˣȥСɡ
лҺˡСŰɡ
Сӹлл
л
СߣǰߣֺС˵С̯ǰ
ܹתԸСˣӿ첽Ӹ
ҪվСߣʵ
Сͷָ˵ҼǵҲˣ󡣡
ǸһֱûóԣϤıҲӲĽ֣һϱѩԹˡ
Ҫĸ
Сһҡҡͷ˵ҲҪ
Եģʲô
᲻óԡ
شֱʣܹȴЩȻ
һ˶ѡ
ⶼ͸ҵġ
ֻǲ뵽ֻ΢һݺãȴС֮֮һ˶Ϥղء
СҲ͹ЩСһÿ飬ҲһСɵĺ˵
Ҳ˲٣δһ̣ͬСԴЩǲݲҲɨҲ֪
ܹ񻺻û£Ҫʲô˵Ҷ㡣
Сûע⵽仯ƵļӾȹС
ǲǸøҪȢܽˡܹСıӰŵºͣžǧĺ⡣
˼£СҲģ......ΪλҪǣ
ǣܹüô˵Ҳԣֻ룬֪Ϻ˵ܽоȣôȷ̫ҽ˵ܽ
ͽʲôϵةҲûиߵ𣿡
ɫϹƣӰ߲ҡҷ
ܹӶڻްӰ֮С
ǵ˵䣬֪Щʲôҵ˲ˣȴҲֻ鵽һ纮ݡҽ˵纮ݺо綾ҲûʳáһɣºСйء
޶ۣ빫ʾ
ܹģʹСᣬ˿ᵽɫԵ顣
С̬ת䲻˵ûСʲôԾһɣ֪Ҫҩˣ潪ܽȥ
Ҳôעôͬһϸ΢ءң۽ξ񣬶ǸòֵİɫҲǵܹϺͿ
ȷʵ
ܹ̬ȣųһ
Сȥӵƣӳա
һ£ŵһһΣö˵ġ
·˶Ҫ࿴ۣеĴ뿴ûˣפ㶢
ܹ񼸲߹ȥζӣ΢΢һ̧ͽӵƸ
ؽСԼ˴һ§ƻס
ôң
ΪԼõҲ߰
СϻһūߣϣŤͷȥŰ
......
ûӦСЩʧ
ܹһ
СˣҪʲô
СЦ˵ǲɵˣôŷӦ
ǰǰСĵӿСˡ
˵ȥܹ񣬡ӺС
ָܹ޳Ư΢΢ڴߣεЦ
һЦ紺塣
Сͨͨģصͷȥӵơ
ӵƵ۾úīţҲղοţÿɰ
СϣҲοһղʰĺ졣
ɫ˸ˣܹСʲô棬Ҫܡ
ײһ£΢ûע⣬С˾Ͳˡ
ܹĵӿһɻңĿɨȺѰӰ
Ҳæһңúɫۣܿһֻĵ̯ǰҵ
ֻڵϣģǿΣ۾Ц˷죬¶һڰŲʲôˣϵۿո£ǻൽ̯ˡ
Сǰ֪˵ЩʲôЦüڲ
ܹĻҽһɨգ֮һյ꣬ɫȴǱºͳ
߹ȥСӣʹվ
Сһ¡

һŤͷܹ̻Цݣڰϵָֻر档
ܹǰЩ죬ٿϵֻһЩĻҪͼԹƨͨĴʫ
СϣԴȵ˵һֻЦСѾͷϲͼˣҪҪ˵㣬ʮɡ٬Сʱܻ䣬ֱͺ;еķŵûʲô
߰Ķмʮ˻Ϊڷ衣
ֻܹñһ𣬸ղͻȻŵˣãڱǰֺǺǵġ죬˸ʲô
Ͳܽ𣿡СЩ֣ʶ˲࣬õĸ٣ΪϲĶԽи硣
ƺСȤԴĿתض
ܹ΢䣬С
СǰͻȻסճܹ䣬ͱһק
ۣһƬȣš
ܹǣС֣ͷƻӳͫס
ĺ۵ģ
ҲܽС
Ϊʲô
̶ܹ⣬ƽ֮طӿİ
ЦЦȴЩΣգ㲻ңҪĸ磬ǲҪ𣿡
лҪ˵ܶʵж

 9 

Ϊʵۣ˼ζ
һգŮӺɾ֣˽ᡣ
翪ţŮ˽»治ʲô£ҲĬϳһ۵ӣ˫ɶԳŵŮᱻĬΪ¡
С֪ЩϵŮͬУҶһȥˣҲȥ
ֻС̯ǰ뿪ܹ־ûɿ
ʲôط
˵ۣСҲ̲סˡ
ֵһԺﳤһĹ˺ϱ˵һλةΪŵֲΪŮϴԩĲȢֿжϲԣǰԵ
Сգָۣܹ˽Ҳ𣿡
ܹЦһǰǰ־ִţǼ˭֪أֿܸжϲԣ˶ܸȥҴȥǡ
ӵƵĵ׹źɫգСȹһһΡ
·ӵܹСĻⱻײһֱߵܱߵ˸࣬ģӡ
Сһμ־һֱΪҪ˼ݵׯϣȴǼ̻ġ
Ҳ......𣿡
ܹʣЦǾֺģׯϣ
СͷΪԸҪ֣غģԭ
ܹȥ߱˵ûȷʵֻͱͬŶЩԡЩɽ¶ǽƧĸɽϣɮ˳ѷѰԵҪ徻Сǡ෴飬쳾Ķմ飬ٳ׶Ҫ̻˼
С¶ֹһ䣺ǲ̫ס
ܹԴ̾ȴֻ鰮һϣһ˼䡣
ſһӣ仨ɡǮһ䣬Ϳɡ
ˡ֣ܹһȴûзϣӹĻ
ǣžֲΡΡأظллӣףλɣͷϡ
ܹɫˡ
æǰӵݸллţ˰
СҲĬţ֪ʲôӦźá
ЩףԸǸģܹɵˣҲûлͷˡ
С΢΢һܹ֡
ôˣܹɫݣȴ˳
Ӧ𣬺ȻһϤ֡
磿
ܶڲԶС̯ǰȵؿǡҲ
ܹӹŮӣûжķӦܶ⼫Ϊڣ⽫Ůӵ˵˵̫Ů......ûҪŵˡ
˫վţһ
һ̬һ顣
ܹЩЦֲʲô˵ޣΪλŵ㣬̫ҷϿΪ˰ҵĹڴ᣿
һ˵꣬С͸͵϶͵͵˱˼ҵĹ
ܶⱳŮһЦҲͣܶⱻæãôùյ˵պҪɻ飬ǧ˵ȥҶꡣ
ŮӺڴһЦСֹ˭Ҫɻ飬˵˵
ܹЩͻظҪŮҵ
Ȼ
ܶ⽣üĿЦڣܹͬ
罫Ƕ֮ݵѪȷ磬˴˳ӵˮݵĵز
Сòˣܹǰܶ⣬ܶ󣬲ŷλҲǺܺദģܹһҲûгֹеԡ
ܶ⳶һݸС۾ȥԣ
Сɻ󣺡ʲô
ܹ񽫺ӹ˵ҺСһˡ
ת˼ܶ׷ǡ
һ£ƺ˰Сȥһ˳۫ͽۣ˳Ѱ˵ġ
Сָ֣۫߬ӡ
˵˽ҳģΪʲôҪȥ
ܶ⿴ıǿˣæ˵Ҳ֪˵мأİ궼Уÿ궼һûʲôÿġ
һ˵꣬Сֱӿ޳ˡ
ܶС޴ؿʼο
ܹüȥᣬӦûʲô£ҽúġ
˵õ£֪׷ڣСȥֻΪܽ
ԥƬ̣Ǿҵ۫
̧ܹܶ⣬ᣬСԼһС
öȥʣǴȥòãпúôԵء
Сܹ
ܿͻ㣬𣿡ܹɫᣬԾܾ
Сӣصͷá
*
ܹܶⷢһߣСܿͲˡСҲ̲ס濪ʼѯСﰵʾҲͣˡ
Ե룬ϵ˺ɫï֦Ҷסǵɫѹʵʵ
ǲŮϰ񣬻صؼŵӣԹܹߴ֦
СźЩ֪롣
СͣԵģд˺֣Ǿܳþãͷˡ
Сƺʵԡ׼𣿡
ֻҪϲûʲôԵġС飬ֱӴСȥһԱűį̄ʵݸ
дһȥǵԸ棬Ͼ͸׿ˡ
СûжȤ˿̾ҪҪܹʵ飬˵᲻ѹɲ˵ĻͻȻˣܹ᲻ܡ
ܹܹЩİ......
СԵ϶Ը˻ճɾСҲ÷⣬ʲݼʾںдԼֵݹȥ
Сһ̲дһֵģҪˣֲڣĪҪˣдɡ
СΣֻû׼ܹ֡
ٴִʣٳû£īڱʼ䣬οһĺڵ㡣
ܹ֣Ψһܻĺá
ʹһɵŮʲôϲ
ǸŮ˵ֻҪ뵽Ǹ˾ЦġֻҪһһʲôõ¶벻ˡǼѹԼеĶԶһ𡣡
ԭϲӦϲܹġ
СЩϧеĶ̫ˣ߾ȫܸҲ΢ҲԶһ
ϵġСֱдʲݷܣֵдܹʱȴ֣棬һһġ޲ýǻⲻᣬīڽ
Сֱܹϸߴͳǧϰٵֻһ
Եϵĺ˰ͳŵҲ˵Ρ
ζѬСЩܣֲ˼ڸܶ⣬һ˳ȥˡ
һǽָǽǱŵС·𱻸Ȼͬء
۫ͷЩŭҧгݵӣܽѾΣڵϦʵڲܵСұ̴ߣ
׵¹£ܹĲԵñԶ
ѵûʲô
ʲô纮ݶˣ¾ȲСô£ܵġ
ôܲܣ㲻֪ĸǸʲôŮˣֱЫ......
СַǽΪָ춼Щڵǽҡ
ԭҪ潪ܽȥ£ܹҲġ
ң񲻾ѹ                        
лҪ˵Ű


 10 

ܶⷢСˣ˫ĿȦûˡ˻ҵòУСҪǳʲô£ܹɲ׷Źǡ÷ʱܹҵ߻˳۫ͽۡ
˸ˣܹܶѵˣʮھε˵ʵ飺Ǿһûע⣬ٻͷҲСˡľһ϶ڸ
۫Цһ˵ʲôضˣҾ˵÷ҪǺܽҪ
ܹɫúΣ̶ԡ
ܹ۫ǰҷǿŷŭһ
ҪܹǲǹҪСøܵˡ
Ӧ֪ܽǽҺͳ̼ҵ飬Сͱϸİݲðʧο......
Ȼ̶֪ˡܹ۫ҪŰС뿪
ܽҪΪһѽ鷳˴
ܶȻĳ۫Ļ֪ԵɣҲöԡ
ûСȷʵĹʧҺһҰɡ
۫˲ˣɢڸһ֪̬صٵˡ
ܹüġˣȥСɡ
*
СƫƳȥ»һĿĵǰߡ
ߵϣ˳£㶼һ𣬿Ŀ
ССĽײһ£ϵūߡžһ䵽ˮ
С£һɢԶˡ
Сͷ¿߸ˮϺͻһ˳ŰƮԶ
ӵƻʼûɿ
Լֱǵ΢˳
Ǵָ©ôһ͹գ䱦һеҪץ
ϲһ㣬ЩҲΪܹ
СںӰʯϣ˫ۻϥǣӡ
һߺСͷȥֹȻǰš
СܹɲŮòֻΪ£ȻǼ̣ȴû뵽ô⴦Сһˡ
ôһλأ
ﶼһɵľСķҲȥ
ܹǮˣСҲʮġ
Ҳ·𣿡
Сǵһγ뿪ʱججڱŷԼȷʵҲ·ˡ
˵ͷ
λأǹﲻҴԭ·ɡС£СҡҡͷȾ˲ˮ⡣
ҲȥֱսЩеĲԸ̡
ԹԵ˵ǾǺͺĹӳˡСҲѹ˲˵ģǹӳ£ΪѵõĹˣҪúϧĪƢú˵ûʲô˵ġ
СϥǣСһţӰԵùµ
ϲҡ
ȰοôأҿλӷǼںģһֱǣء
Сҡҡͷ֪˵ͨģҲ׼ˡ
ͣһᣬСѹ˵ҪĲϲǾ˰ɡȨ˼ңͲĵʲôЩ竰һһģͷ˵öǺùġϲˣǸ᲻üѹģλˣѰһǣĪҪۡ
飬뿪˾ͺá
У˵껹Сļ
лл˼ҡ
̾ת뿪ˡ
СںӱߣŻһյյƮ
һܹܿҵС
ţССһ˶һţΧϣôֵľȴ޹أҲڲȥ
һڵķ֮أž䶼Ȧ˽ȥʣһ
ܹ߽Сߡ
Сûȴ΢Ĳһ£˫ۼ䡣
ҲȥС΢Ǳһҽš
ܹסû˵
һġСֹסǲܹĿȥ
ܹ񷢳һ̾ϢΣƺԹµĺӡ
࣬Ǻǰһ
ֱ䡣
Сܹҹɫеް
ôֹסС仰󣬿Ҳͣˡ
˵ֻǸںʱ塣
ܹں
ûں
*
Сͻؽ󣬹мܹ
æС䣬ȴûܵȵӦ
С۽ޣûһԡ
ִ˼䣬̧ܹıܿˡ
С̾Ϣһһ
뿪Զȥ
۫ŭסǴֱؽקฮĴš
Сϻӵƣһֱ˽ܽԺӡ
ֻ洫͡ĿܽŻѪˣ첻ˡ
۫һСһĮȻ飬ŭݺһСϡ
žһൽý۶סˡ
СˤڵϣӵڵϹȦ
ͨ죬ӡָۡ
ˣǳ뺦ܽʲôʧұض
˾ˣüһٿȥæס˳۫ҽء
֪ﱼСӣһԲ
ǳ۫˵Сˣȷʵû뵽СĻöĻߡ
ɡ
СˤڵزѪۡ
ſڣʲôҲû˵
ܿ죬߳һͷף͵ˣһҩ֭
Сĳ޺˳۫ϵķŭͽ֪ʧ
˶ڵ
ƺǷʲô
֪ٿתС
һеͷة࣬ʱȴҿ˵ڵĻŲȥɡ

 11 

ܽͻȻ˭Ҳûϵ
϶³Ѫȴûȫʧȥʶֻܷ۵˵
ͷ׵ˣô纮ݾȽܽĽ
ҵ纮Ժ˳ҲѰ
ҩƸСʱ̾˿ϧඣҲǸ绨Сòá
Сû˵
˵úܶԣȷʵá
ҩ֭ݵǰǷˡ
ڽ֮ܽ䣬˶ѡǰߣҪһ
ܹҲôΪġ
СԼÿޣ뵽ܹʱǰģһƬ̵ˮҽҩĿڴϸܵʹǱһ㡣
룬ܹԼĪϲͶСèСģ˺ͽܽǺ޿ɱ֮Żԥѡ
Щ¶ܺͨѹ
ԼڰοܽżʡµĽܽ˵£Ƕأġ
֣ܽʲôµأ
СۣͻȻˡ
Щעòġ
˿̻˶Խܽ˵ű£ҪΪҲֻܹҪ
ֿҩ֭¶ǣ˵ʲôоֻһ˲ͿʼհʹֲۣĳˣȡѪʱƤҲûܸо
ǰһڣȫˡ
ʹ໹ίвʺԹûˡ
*
СѪ˽ܽĥõĶڽˡ
Ժ˵ϻ֣ҲֻмϴЦաϾǶ֪һ˵Ҫһ˵
ΪСǱɣҲû˵տ
ѪһֱѵףĿĵѪһŮȥˣȥ׼
С󼡷һ̣͵ؽһѽ⻹أ
ʲôæ߹ʼΪС
Ƭ̺󣺡д˵£ΪѾͷ˿ڣȥҿķӣ˵׼оȡ
纮Ǿ綾һʱ仹ţʵֱδš
ҡҡͷ΢ȴǿ֧ţһδ˵ܵס纮ݡ
֪ϲɫ̵ҽپȾʱҶл
бһֶۣûԺҲ밲ˣ޸飬ȷҪȣ
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ллСʹϲΪ˵Ķߣǣ

 12 

Դӷ¾綾Ĵ纮ݣС͸ղˣնûʱʱŻѪɫ԰ֽŽĻҡ
ܹһͣûٿ
СϣҲΪյļݣԵøϸˡ
һգ޲ʢŵĻ䡣СѸٿήҰܣͬȵ٣ӺƼȥ
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СٳԿڣ۾ָ߬죬ж׷Ƶɿ
ѩָָԼĺһɬεЦȻҡҡͷ˸ͣˡ                        
лҪ˵𼤶ǰԽ淴ŰűȽˬ
ллСʹAoiͳĵף

 13 

ܽةǧ𣬳Թò˫ȫС˲˵ȥ˲
ջָãյĻൽ塣
ŮϹϵҲͬˮͽةฮʵ۶˸ฮʹ
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ѩĨȥдæȥЩ嵭˵ӡ
ϷЩǸģмΪϤǡ
СĿⴥ󣬶ݵͣƬֵ̣ƿߣ̶һԶûʲô
ܿ죬ԺŴˣ֮һͬǰĻн֪ͽۡ
Ը⿴ˡ
ԼŵʱҲû̫ˡ
ˣܹͬһһԼλá
ʲôĶС㣬ǶӵˣֻһʱΪ˽ܽҩ
ֻߣϾʱʱӣʱЦĵضŪһ鲻ãһԲŲʡ
ˣԺء
ڽ֮ܽ䣬ԶǴҪһ
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仰С̧һۣƽƲĿ⡣
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Цȥֺý֪뱻Ůõܽһĸ
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Ǿ˵ܽûˡ
Сӣʾ
Сһãʵʹϵ˾һһةฮѲˡȻٹգǴСˡ˵ѩͻȻͣסССɫ
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ѩԥһ£뵽ܹ԰Сͻʱֺǻģζӳ£һʱͬСˡ
˶˵Ѿ׼˲̫ӵگ飬ȵСһͬСΪ̫
ѩ˵ʱСԴ棬ָɵߵӡ
Ļ˵ߵӵͣסˡ
Ҽžֻʣů¯л̿յϸ΢Ļը                        
лҪ˵⼸ΪѹŸ٣vŬģ
ллСʹǵϲǣ


 14 

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֮ǰΪҪΪĴСӣ֪ԭǸֻڴŮ
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ˣ
лҪ˵л31557919ףŴ׷һף

 15 

ܹһ˶٣æ
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ֻܹǵɨ˽ܽһۣһֱ˲俴У֪Ķ亹
ǿһеģʶΪܽ˵СԼˮ
ܹʱεѹƵҴģԼ˵ʲôͻᱻʶơ
Сȥɣ¾ĪҪˡĿûС϶ͣһ
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ԱŸ첲׼ȥ£ǰܽûҪߵ˼ֻҡҡͷȥ
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ҡ.
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СȻתڿڣ͵ؿʼԡ
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лλСʹϵӪҺһŬµģС㿪ʼ

 16 

ѩôû
²Сȥ͵ˡ
츮иСˮˣ˵˰ȥʻˡ
СԺԵŮѩ¡
ѩߣѾʱ̫ѾɽˣɫҰ紵֦Ҷҡ
ŮҲźСӵˣƽ˵ϸģҲֻˡ
СҲģû˹ҲᰲڻȡůЩȤ£ҲûйʲôͻദҲǢ
ûʲôϽĵҲϲ̺Сӣû榺Ժƺû𱰵ڻǰС˵¡
С˿С
ŮСϻӣʵС㣬ʲô͵ĺö
Сع񣬱һ˵żӵֲ뵽ܹ˵Ļ
Ҫ̫ˣȥҲûи˵ӡ
ʵ֮ͨĲܹ
Լûб£ϲܹûҲϲԼֲˡ
ܹѡ˽ܽҲѡ
һֱܹãΪܹҲãǶҪġ
ϲһԼȫҶӣͷȴϧδ̫ǿѡ
£Ӧ˿ĵġ
Сͷ˿ӵƣȻЩĽܽ
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ճСеӯӯˮɫ͵Ϳӵó
Ӵӵÿÿ
ӿǺðǰЩСӵƱȻˣһõġ
ǾͿСõġӵƣһ׶˻衣
˲ѸɵӵƣȻߵĻ棬ŵü˾
СȹӲ㱻ǵһԵӸæһѡ
ѽСʲôֱˣö˶ʲôϧ
ôˡ
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𿪣һ塣
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ŮʵС˵ϸѩţ
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С֪ǲܽѩҪֽҡҡҪ֪ѩ䡣
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ʵϣܽΪõķңŶҳˣС
СҲ֪͡ĻǳģԽֽһűˡ
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һԵŮʵˣСҲ֪
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ܽһ죬ɶյĺ⧲
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ٽܽһգиŮҵС
ѩѾฮĲŵãһֱҲᣬ˵ԼҪˣСһ档
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һֱҹշתѰ
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˳ŵͶӳһ⿴ȥ
¯ѾϨûƵƣֻһϸϸ׹ߣ˳Ŵ©ӡ

ֻǽյôǻ
˯ţС˼齣ȥ׼ش
һ͵ش˸磬ʶԣ͵һȫ˲䶳üƤˡ
ѩ֪˶ãȻһɫ
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С˯ȫޣ԰Ѵ򿪣˲ޱڴǰѩ
ȵɫฮ˾翪ʼæ˽ܽˡ
СǹѩŶûԣҩʹҴҳߡ
κ˽ܽ˱ûԼС
ѩһڲˣպͱǼⶼͨ죬ֵС
ŵҲϵֻɣûǡ
Сһֽɡ߹ȥѩſǻС㣬ūǵȵˡ
ЦЦ֡ڸﶼԳū澣ôڻϽࡣ
ѩһֲۣŲĿ⣬˵Сܸūһ𣿡
еĿﲻӷѩӣһƬ֮
СͨıǼ⣬ֽɡѩͷڡ
Ȼɻѩ˵ЩʲôܲڻʲôΣա
ôţѩһͬߵ˲ԶС
˰δڣСŤͷֻѩɫֵһȻʲôӲĶֵĺ
Сһ²ӣ˵ͳ׺ݣʲô
Ҫҡͷ뵽ϵذףͣסˡ
ѩɤʵ㲻ɱɣ
һҪˣȥ͵˸
˸֣СסǺˣһЦֱһ䡣                        
лҪ˵֪һ˵Ҳ֪Լôдôīд¾ͱˡĸҽ0Ͱųһ¡
л λСʹĵף

 17 

ӹҵǣ˺ܴĹ򡣴纮޶ҩ֢֮´纮ݻúĿ֪òҵ˴纮ݣȴһߡ
޺ҲûܾȵԼ޶ֻۿ˫˫ǰ
˴纮ݵ˺֮ǣҪ⣬˱Ѫĵز
շתǣȴ֪Ǵκฮǧ𣬲׷֮󼪡
ฮ˾ҩס
ò׶ѩһвѩ뵽Сƭķӡ
֪δãȴҲΨһ뵽İ취
ฮ˻ԣة޺ҩǧԵ޶ķǰͷ
֮ǰҪαԷฮãةһƬ½Ҳ
֪ǳǳ˵ΣѾһУ֪λȥˣҲֻԼȥ޶ָ˵
˵һģȨֲǧ
Ƕ壬ֻҪǲںǱǺһ㣬Ǽ̤
С˳һƫƧĺߵţ˱ؼããһƬ
ϵĶǿ䣬ȻѩصȴãǶձ䣬ֽŶľˡ
ΪλûһſڣǲģɼҲòᡣɣ
˵⻰ʱҲ²µˡʣڼҲѩͽɱĻҽ
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ͬʱฮһƬ֡
ηѩ죬ܽҲδ󣬱ڶ
ŵƽʣȺء
ѩฮ⣬ɫ÷࣬ȴǲҾʹȥ
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ʲô۫üùƳѩһۡСԺˣʲô
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ëѩƮ䣬סۡ
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ѩˣûǸǳ۫ŭֻ뿪ฮӰʧڷѩС
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֪ûΪŶ±ܹͣҲΪگ
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ҪȻôûء
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֪įѩ£һкѣֻûϡұŮҲšʱฮһƬЦ㰡Ǳ֮Ժˡ
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ѩ̫ãʼմǰһƬã۾еʹһһģʼû¡
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úŽ˱ĺˮֻ׹Уǲͨ˵Ҳõһ˵Ҳǿ֮ˣҲẦа֮㻹ĪҪȥˡ
СЩľ۾׼뿪
ѵӣһ죬Ÿѵ
Ͷˡ
˿û˼ܿӰʧˮ档
Сվһĵ޾ıʱˤѩʲôѵˡ
˿ڰߵȡһͷҲصˡ
Ҳ֪ߣҲ֪˶Զ
С۾ԽʹҲԽԽģʲôҲˡ
Ϸ϶ѩŲûÿһߵóؼѡ
ڣ亮ѩء
ֻƬ̶ѣƬƬƮѩϻ˱һ㡣
ѩХУͳѹκЩͣˡ
ӱһֻб洫һԴɢɤ
ӴôǸ                        
лҪ˵۱ɾˣΪ߶ΪҺãҷ˺ҶҪΪ˿ģȻҵǰڻҵĴܸлΪ˵ĶߣҲллѺĶߡϣҿ׷ģ
лţ̵Ͷĵ
ȻһˣСµͼɣ

 18 

˵ܲܿ㣬ҽտǺòӳģƵҸ綼ˡԷ䡣
ǰฮã˵ฮǣζٺฮϹϵ
ձó٣ƫƫѩ·ʪС
Խ꣬ƿӳϿһۡ
յĽϻиɪǰߣһȻм졣
ǲǽߵŮ𣿡С˾ȵ
̾ˣĿɻ󣺡ѩڽϸأ
߽ѩҲ̧ͷۣ͹ԵĿϡ
һͬ˾ˣܵԵߣڴϣڳݲӣ㡭ҼС㣬Ⱦɡˡ
ü˵ʲôأ
ѩŵ˵˳ƶܻ۫æȥѽ֪
һʱЩţֱѩѩҪͷӦúúãˣѩĸϽ߰ɣһѻġ
ȻƽϲǸСȴҲûҪǵ˴˺ǿɾˡ
뵽Щش򣺡ûҪҸû꣬ûԷأ
ӣίӦˣķˡ
·ֲʲôá
ӭŴѩƸϵฮ
һͱܹȥˣǡگʼ
ฮ˹һ׼ּּˣʣܹͻܽȥĹԻվš
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ɹڵϣɸһ޲Ф
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δ֮ڿڵһͬѹ˻Ұܵ˼䡣
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ѩĺȻʧˡ
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Ƕʱִװ̯Ǹ̯ǰС
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ʰ߳еŮ֡
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˼΢΢üʰλǣ
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⴩һϻҵİٵ磬ȹؽ档
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Сϰ߱ôİ˰ΧԵЩ֪ôӦֻЦһ¡
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˵ͷҲãǱʰһ䷿Сﰲɡ
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СС̨סŮѡ
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С˵ͷȽӣֽ̧߰ȡϸŵĳ
߶ݵģ󣬵Ӧ˻谵ķ䣬ǰһвŻ
󣬻̶̼յʱ⣬Ρ
Ůһ߲÷䣬һ߶߶˵ŰͿ;ǵĲͬ
һŤͷСϵĳУȵ￴ü
˵ѩä
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榻˵СܿĻţ
뿪˾ǣͲҪٻȥˡ
ฮĽСھǵĳѩ
ȥǴ;    

 19 

һ궬Ҫ䣬һѩûͣЪ
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Сڵģԥ
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ƺһжܼ򵥣ʵֲ
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ĿǲãһƬİѩΨһɫĶѩкòۡ
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С̬ǫʣѧЩ˵ˡһˣνϣʧһˣνɽ˵ӿȢޣŮӲټޣΥ塣ΪʲôӿȢ̣ŮټȴҪ⵽ͷΪΣ
û뵽㣬С뷨Թˣ쾭İ⻹ҪʲôΪ𣿡
ģ͵С˵ĲԹˡߣҲ̲ӣ̲ҲȢʵΣ˷ȻҪԷΪ󡣶λС㶼ˣضޣܲʡ
СԽԽɻ󣬽ʣȢΪʲôǳǾûһŮӣ޸ӵģ
һԵĽûסһЦ
ַһҳɫ˵˼ӻɬĻСһͷˮŭɫõ˵СΪŮӣ˵ۻ˵úã˵֪ضҪЦС㲻֪֪Ϊ
ʰڴ̽һͷڷӱСͽ֡
ƳһۣܿջĿ⡣СʰҲ֡
ӵʱŭˣΪСʶӲͺʰһ·ɫټ֪СȨƣֻǿظһŮ͸ˡ
ľɵҲŮӣ˸
⻰˵þЩˣüСȻ⣬ͷΪͬǱǰɡ
ͬ仰ȴɹⶥײʹ÷ɫףúӶڲ
ʰæݣڷӴ֮ǰСߡ
СȥˣлɻΪҪ
ʰһ˭֪أʿƢģѧ⣬Ҫ뷨跨ͷϴͬĻСүҲƢƫͲЩĻ
ãظĺϲԣмβιʳˮƯҶ
Сںߣ˵ĻҲһ𣿡
ⲻǷϻɱұһѧ˰ʲôԲԵģԼ̹ģǾǲԣʰбϣ۽üҶ͸¶⡣
ںߣȹ΢΢մʪ
еĵǹ˶µģǲɸģˣҲͳ˹ˣҲԼء
⻰ŻңȴǺ޵ʰҲûŪ˵ʲôһͿ䣺С˵öԣʲô鲻ģһƫ
䣬һ䣺ԼӿΣȻСηǸ浽Ƕ˶Ҫܷ
˼ʰƵСϵʱɫࡣɣ̫ˡ
ʰЩλֳģ΢֣ЦСõô˷òѾͷӺЩˣһͿĺ÷أͱˡ
˼ĬƬ̣ŤͷСʵȥ𣿡
ȥ
Σ̾һǾȥɣҪܷġ
лҪ˵ܹǱȽѪģ֪ôϲˡһֱԼжϲСϲֲֵҡСԭҪʱѾˡ
ԺڲŻ᳡ĻŰģ

 20 


ݲȾǵķȻڽص£Ҳǰҵһ͡
ʰԼ˵ˣ߶һСЩϰߡ
ѵóһΣʲô档Ϳ˵Ŀ;ǲܴǲ˵ٻİգߴﹾһһͷˮ
δˣϵ˶ǴźģСηǰ˼һ¯
Ҳ̫ˣһˣôǲӡʰǿͷС̲ס߶˼䡣̫ˣһƮߡ
Сһ¶ѣô᳤ܻߡѾˣֻ㿴
ظʱգȷʵкúţɫ˲٣Ǻʰ۹ޡ
̯ڵСߺЩֵĿСȤ
ʰϵЦ⣬Щп
ռСʱϻһѩѾѩﶳˣһֻȥ
ΪʲôذͿΪöԵڶĵƻϼһΣżȻʱСЦΪÿȻӡֻ̡û뵽ټѾͷϹƣ⣬֮ҲûпޣǿŶЦһ¡
žΪǸЦʰᶨ˴Ϳ˼
һɣô÷Ӷôʰأżֲˡ
ûͷѰңСһС˵
Ǵҷصȹ߱˲һӡӶû֡
ʰֺֺЦ߹ȥ˵ܲܳģߴϱô죿
ĹƼݣкĴľþɡ
Ҫʰ˵žҪǮСȴҡͷˡ
סҪʲô
СǸֳûпнʿ𣿡
˵ĻһЩСĥһߴζûܿУ
ʰЦһֹһҲûнʿġ
СüнʿΪβأҪ飬ʲô
˻һĹͺʰƿԣ񿴵ʲôĶһ㶢С
ܲµΪʲôӻСˡ
Ůǲܲμӿƾٵġʰش
ĹͷūֶʶãĪҪȡЦūˡ
úڽֱͻȻ˸ŲĹˣΪܶ׬ЩǮ֪Էţ˼Һ
С뵽ظ˰ԺֻӣʵΪԺŮ𣿡
ʰȥˣһѽͳӵݸĹСתߡ
ûͷ𣿡
ΪʲôͷСʡΪȥμӿƾ𣿡
ʰ̿Լ˵ʲôŮӲμӿƾ٣Ůôܲμӿƾ١˵ԺŮӣΣǿ֮ѧסӹΣѵҪЩӲɡ
볯ΪٰΪˣŮӶ飬Ҳǿ𣿡ͷǸĹҲֳ£أ
һʼʱ򣬺ʰΪС˵ЦŷӦôġ
˿̸ɻСȥ뷨ڳˣ˵֪
ʰ룬˵ôԣŮǲͬģܶ¶ŮӲģȻ翪ţûбŮӲͷ¶棬Ů˻һ˿࣬ķԿ
СӸô죿
ʰҪܲˣ̾Ϣ㶼Ҫˣô˵֮ŮӺǲͬģ⣬Ůڡýʵңȥұ磬ضҪƪ۵˵ˡ
С˼صͷſʣʰæͣˣһҵĻҲǴģһʵûˣԼɡ
СӦˣ治׷
֦ͷŵĴӣմ¶һ쪷裬ƮС¡
Ųͣ£괵ķ򿴹ȥӳơ
ʰŸĸ㣬ΪǺ棬˵ֵӣҲЩͷˣȻûȵģûʲôˣҪ뿴Ҵȥ
Ҳ
һ˲ʧ䣬ָܿ糣ջ߼ǰߡ
ҲãǰҺȥ͵ӣңСĲȶ˼֦׷֣Ҫȥһ°ءʰ£ɫʮָӡ
˵ţ̾Ϣ湻˻ȥҪܷģ̷϶ôңȥҪ顣
˵װƳСı顣
ҿ㳭СϿ˵꣬ʰϵĳһɨգóѵЦ
Լ˵ģұ㣬Ҫұ翴
ԼҪġ
˳ȥ浢ãȻصظʱɫ谵
ضźʰ𣬽ŭһͨ
֣ŭλӲ˵СҩʱҿԽԽ޷ˣ֮ǰѧ꣬²׼
ѵ˺ʰɫԻС˵պҪȥԺһС԰ͻʰȥʼǲġ
һԵĽСݣǾơ
СҲڿԼʵʲôҪ˵𣿡
Цһ¡ûʲô´οɱĺʰȥŪ˶֪
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ɫƵӳһů⡣СڲʶǸŮص
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ԥˡԸҲԲ˵
ɫȻûгʲôûвԸ⣬ǿ˵ġĸฮ̣榣ةཪ֪Ů׺ĸ׶ϲҡȥգĸͶˡ
˴СӰҡ֮£һҼžؿΪ𾪶˫۵Ľˣ˾䣺˵λˣ𣿡
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ܹջû̫گ¡
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Ȼʹ޹ԣȴҲ֪޹ء
һ֣̫öۣةҲŭ·зھǴܽҲ˱ЦĶ
۫ҪΪָܽ˵ŭܶ⣬ฮ֡
òĻʱ򵹾ˣϳܶ⣬֪ͳ۫ʹһ̫ͨ͹ֲ֪ĵ˳۫״ϣùѪͷ
ʮٽƷٺꡣ
ĺƻ衣
ܹվԺУޱ˵۫Ĳ״
£᲻̫ˣ
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ֲ˼٣ϸĻٵÿʮ˶ףǵ̫Ӻö˶ôŪˣնٷҲҷܣþ˼ȥϡ
ã˵ڣ£㲻ǲϲС𣿡
ܹۣҶ涣ѻ۽޸¡
ʵóͷģԼԸ⣬۫ôлֺ
˵ףֻԼ׵̫վˡ
Һˡ                        
лҪ˵л˼䲻ֱġСʹͶµĵ~
psŰǩϰʱ༭ӵģŰУŮǺڻ͡
vӦܣʱ0㣬vĸôʱ

 21 


ǰʱѰȵ˿ظһ׾Թ϶
ʱСĸ榣ѡҩȵҽŮɽҰ汻ҧˣ榾Ϊһˣ뿪ݡ
Լټȴû뵽榵Ů
Ϊһϵط򸾶С۰мӣҲԽһϸҪ
ڰͿ˰࣬Сҩһֱûͣӹˣһͻͷʹѣͷ춼ĴʹѰһλҽΪҩʹл⡣ֻûãλҽ֪ε˺δ
ʱһСʼϰĲͬ
ȥһֱฮûʲô˻̵˿ظŵһ˵ŮŮѵֶ
ʰ˵õȷΪֱȷʵǹظŰ塣
СͽһͬڿΣúˡ
ڽʱû̫ӣܹġܹǻӣΪЩȤ飬ҲǻʱԵ̸ʱ˸ְ汾ʷ顣ȥܹҲܵõĽ𣬶ΪЩµļҲȤ֪ҲҰػ
뿴ʱȥҽ˼ͺʰҲʰ־ҪһɱУǽĵ伮˼ר׼Ĵǣ
һ廨СһԿ飬Ȥô飬׼𣿡
ԣС飬ƺ濼ǿԡ
ҵûӦҪȴʶֿʼɣŮǲʶֵġ
Сڳ˵뷨Ѿֲ֡㻹ǱˣŮġ˵Ů޲űǵ£ûôϡŹֵ뷨
СſϣµһɽӼş̌űƵ죬ﶼϸĹ⡣
Ȿҿ˺ö飬ôôĵطô಻ͬĶǲ飬ô֪عôأ
ɶԴŮ˵õġòͽ˺ͣ˵ʱҲϸôһ˿пζ־ͬŮӣպҪɣٶ飬Ҳֻʱʫ˻İˣʵȤ
һ˵ԼҪСֱͦҲ̱ˣ鶼ȻҪ޸̫𣿡
ɫ΢죬Դӵشͷ̫Ӳò˫ȫҸ׶޲ڣĸŮӲ޸أ
С鸴ӣʣǰฮˣӦҲǼ̫ӵģ֪Ǹˣ˵
СԥһٳûпڣҲ׼Ϊǲ֪Ҳ޷Ҿڡ
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ˣǺֳһֳ˱ʰ׽ŪʱҲʧ̬
С˵־ò˺ԶǣֳȻȴϲ׽Ҳûôº͡˼ʱ򣬶ģ𽭿й֮޲
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ǵҲǣ̫ӿǽľ֮ȻǸ߸ϵģô˾׽أеˣСߣ˵Ż
Ļ˴ƿ˵չսСǰһʹ̧ڡ
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ϵ£СһЦ
лġ
ʰ˳ùҡɢȣ߶ţҶ˵ˣ㵱µĶǱɣΪСҩӱʹ˶һڷסҪλΣϵþǰٺһҶиʦ֣ǿϧǰ˾ΪβҲ֪ʱܹ顣
С뵽ÿӲҩӣʼճѹŵƺȻɢȥһжȻ
ǵõģݰǲ̫ĺͲʣ榶ȥ
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ʰСʱ˵ɣҪС˼
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ˮߣ˳£һȦȦ
ԺеĲľˮ򣬻졣
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ҹ˱˿ƮմʪҳСҪشĿɨԺѾ΢΢סĻ΢ҹӿ롣
һ˺¶ѾȥƲ
ŮСڷỽһС㣬ҩˡ
Ҷ򿪳ҩΪѺȣÿκҩһʹḶ́һνҩ͵͵ͱ˼˸ţӴ˼ල
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õĶôϰأ˵꣬ԼҲһ㶡
Ƭ̺ĬŽӹҩ룬Ҳ˵Ҫˣסҩ֭һ
ʱԶھǵĽܽȴɼٷ
纮ݾºҲʹĺ֢
۵ʧȥǵĽܽҩͲյ򷭣Ъ˹Ŀ޺š
͡ʹۣ֪ΣʼСڵʱԽڡ
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ٱһҶ涣ڼžҹɳɳ졣
ܹЦһһԵİ˵ة˼Ҳ޷                        
лҪ˵Ǽ棬ȻܹŰȥ

 22 

ˣͿӭ硣
һճɲãغͽеʳ⿪ʼðա
ЩµʱСͽҵĶŮҲһͬȥæģһֻʥĽ˼Ҳˡ
Ѱȼõİնŵ˿ĵز
˼ȥʩʱСߵһ԰˿ҩҩѧͯҪֽСҲֻܰЩСæ
һʱ󣬽˼˻СȥҩúЪϢ
Сʹ̣ߣؿظʱָߴʯʨиŮŶǴǿ־ű˷ֵСޡ
ŲСǰ
С̧ſβСΪҲǴ৵һ¾˳
ؾȾҰɡ
Сȣôˣ𣿡
С￿ʯʨϣ·˵ģŸɫʹࡣ
ڿ޵̫ңСҲǶԷһԥ˵ӣȰ˵ҪﲻȻû취㿴
ҶۣѪˡСɫͨ죬˵Щ
һѪˣСϵ˿ģɻʣѪΪҲ
ͷѹúܵͣϸӬ
С˵ڶ飬˵Щʲô˰Ρ
ųһذҵķ˿㲻Ҫˣû¡
һֱѪô졭ţʵؼʣӻֹסķ
Сüû̹Щ𣿡
СãȻ֪СĻʲô˼
ŵ˺ܶ࣬뵽ܻں£СŮҪһ磬
С϶ǳңԥûнӹȥŪ˻ᱻСԸϣûµģ
˲СĶͷһۣԸߵŮȥѯʡ
СλʱѾãǹϵ·Ҳˣɫ΢죬ͷҿˡ
һֱΪﲡĴɨһۣδ˵ʲôֻдһҩݸѧͯ
ǹǿŸʹ˼ͲҰͣˡ
ѧͯץҩݸСС㣬ǲѪҩǹȥɡ
á
ðյ˺ܾã糿һֱɫ谵ϼںϡ
ȰСȥЪϢȴϡ
뿴ڵײ棬ֱĳġ
뿪סฮݼûмĶҲѧ˺ܶûкһͬԺѧȴҲ˺ܶ飬ǲ֪ԼҪʲô
ʰͽ˼ǶԼı룬֪Լʲô·
ΨÿչģϸȴǻججãȻ֪ǰ·
ⰵȥҩͯ׼뿪ˡ
ŮСûмߣס
Ск»Ըһ죬ȴûвͷ
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Ҷ򣬽ҿǸ˵ȺѾãȴԥǰǰѯʣֺǣ˵ԭ򡭡
Ҷ뻨ףϵƶɽʯ֣ȴԾɳ
ڣЩΣҽ꣬Ĳ֢Ψ˵Ĳټ
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Ҷҡͷǲټ˲в͸ÿ򣬿ɸȾ񼲣ǵ˲ѵĵزǱ伲ҽںʹ˵˼ң֪ԼֻЩСë顣Ůҽټ־ô߳ܣҲǰĪ
һԵѧͯӻɲǣκõģϳɴ󲡷ɥˡһΪƤһĲѲ
лСˡСҶһ
˶ˣŮСС㣬㷽ʴʲô
ʵǸ˲˵껹ŮķӦ
ȻŮɴۣһҭı顣
ˡôЩأӣСûЩʲôʵǡʧͳŮ֪СƢãһʱ鼱ʧͳֽ˼ôʶðˡ
СЦһ£ʣһˮʲôӦ
Ůɫ죬ŤͷȥԸ˵
СֵҲ£ΪԼʲôˣΪԼҪǲǣ
еŮŭǺϿ
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뵽ǸСʯʨӣС˼Ƭ̣ͷһ˼ᶨҪȥһµĳ嶯
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СҪһֻΪŮӶдҽ飬¸֪˽ˡ
˻Щû뵽С뷨ȴȰ˵СҲʮϸֺαضһأ
ɬѶҽ߸ʲôȥӦҪһƽռҵŮܿһܶ飬Ҳ֪ԼʲôЩطԣָˡС˵ţһƺ¶İ㡣ֳãȻҲÿûʲôЧһأҲﵽŮӣһԡ
˳ɫ紺ˮᡣҴǰ֪㻹־ĸ֪Ҳø˵ģûȥǣһҲλµŮҽ
˵С֣Լϥ£ΪԺʱְݣСҲ˵ֻһѾѧദԼ£۽ΣĸǻġҳӧҲڣ˺ȴҪңоֹܳʱˣҶҪԼǰʲôģʰݣֻҪҶϳ͡ҲһΪй죬Υ㲻ȥʲô˲ϲģ󲻸Լıġ
ŽҶͣĴĦ΢졣
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Сգգۣ˲ˮ¾ӨŹ⡣
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СķЦǴ벻㵹Ǳͨ͸öࡣ
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궬գͷһβ뿴ѩ
ʰԺһ߸ߵѩˣһ߶һߴŶͨ֡
СΪʹˣһë̺ڻ¯ߣһ졣
ƿʱʰǡûһӣԼѩ˸ϡá
εЦջͷȻЦңҷѾ˼㿪ģˤôЦң
ſڣʹƬ̿
˫ԣǰ˫ǺܸůĴڡ
ʰ߹žһ¸ס˴
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ܲҲģ۾ֲҪˣʰŻ˵ֱ꣬ԹҶ춳ˣôҽݰ
常֪㵥Ůӹ뷿ǻ𣿡Сô˵߹ȥ鿪˨
ʰһ߽ݣϻЮűѩ⣬ǼָͨġСһֲڵƲĿ⣬С˵Ҫˡ
š
Ҫһȥɣ
谵ʣ¯΢΢Ρ
ȺĻںʰϣԵҲź졣
СƬ̣ûڣʰѸ٣Ǽе˵ԣһȥ
Ϊʲôɻ
ʰͣһ£ܿ뵽Сȥԭ򡣡ҶʦκľɼھǲˣҲҪҽ꿪Ҫԣһ𡣡
뵽ѵɣЦЩ⣬ҵͷһѣ˳ķ˿ŪˡûҪһȥУĸҪ㣬ǵõͷ
áҶû˵ʦֲ˰                        
лҪ˵һ»ؾǡŲӱ֤̫׷Ļ᳡
ոлīģ衣
ԤvҪƴθ30ҵĽ׳

 23 

˴գ˼ҪμӴˣźʰСҲҪߣֵĽʱˣĨȥ󽭷ˣһֱý
ڽ涼ھǣͬˣ͵ȥ档
ǰ򸾶ص˼úʰһ·չ˺СúʰС֡
һ˺ƺƵ뿪ͿСԵ΢Ĭ˶ǻϲڴȥǡ
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ҿûдСʹܿؼϢ
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 24 

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ʰǼҪСסøң˼Ҳͬ⣬Сֻ֣ա
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 25 

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䲻ԸҲ˵Ļ
˼̾˿ڿɲ߾ߵˡ
뿪Զ̫ҽֱȥ˶
ص޹·ϣܹ۽üҶڲסЦ⡣
̫ܿǷĲĸˡ
ԴС󣬵޲Ѿãʱҹ亹ľ
Сﲻûص˾ǣ̫˯ȵľˡ
֪ƿҹɫȥ̫޵ʱһ֮µӰ
ܹһƬ֮УմȾ˺¶ı䣬޷յ
Ӱ
ΪʲôСﶼˣ»ǻʧ䣿
̫ҽصܹСĲ顣
ܹۣ̫ҽ֮ǰеӰʱδ
ʹ鰸ǰ۾ʹԼרע
λСù纮ݣӱ඾ݲУתʹ˯ֿ˼ķӡ
и֮
ֻ¼á̫ҽ˵һ£˵һ£ݽԣС㻹ѩä֤֮ҹ⣬಻ѩУѩäպֻʧ
˵ãδӦ
ܹ죬Ƭ̺󣬽¡˵ʧ
ʼճȴݵ̫ӣﾹм־š
̫ҽΪԼʲô⡣
²صǣСѩäأֻҪע⣬ʧĿܡ
Ļ˵ܹ꣬ȥ
ܹ뿪ʱѾԶСٴʧ
ЩԶȻע⵽ˣȻ̫ӵҲֻһֻ۱һֻۡĻͱСώֺõܲɷ֡
ֻкʰҹ˯ţȥС̫ӱڻ龰Ȼּ궬վȺУСʮֵǶԡ
ʰԽԽģҪȥԶСø˽˻ԴǵȻ˾ǣͲһΪҺż˵ˣվͺܵһӼֺ࣬Уھиǳʲô
ʰܣҲȥʲôӼ࣬һȺСƨѧʲôȥӪҲȥʲô֮Ҳĺá
˵˵㶮ʲô̫ӶڹӼ̵ܹ㻹Ҳӣ
ұôȥ޵
Ҳȣ괺ǽ˼ܸУȥѧǴ´ࡣ
һͨѵó׺󣬺ʰ뿪Ŷûܿȥ
ԶУ˼ϵܹŽܿˡ
СԺڼҩɬҩÿ䣬˿˿ƵƮɢԺǽ
ھԺŻмʱܹͣˡ
ʣ£
£߰ɡ
ԼҲ֪ΪΣ֮ǰǼеҪСȵֻһǽ֮ĵطȴ޶⡣
ҩںµϣСšűӳüΪʲôҪԺҩѬˡ
˿֦ͷʢţ׹Ůͷͬһطơ
һʱֲ廨ˣĸҪĿ⡣
Сһӷ۶źɫİٵȹĴ塣
Ǿʱģȴڽʱ
ܹĿͣפϣֱŮӦ
СתʱϰԵ̧סߡ
һȴǴʹܹۣͫȻһߵСǰߴͶӰ˸ס
ͻȻôС޴˺һ
£
С
֪ǲչˣܹоǳʹ
ôˣ
ܹĻû˵ȥԸԸԼضɻֱѹ˻ȥ
ǲԸʡ
꣬㡣ܹ˵꣬СһĬ
ܹʱҲԹȥǶβӣ
ֻǵĺãһ˿Թ޵ļš
Ƶҩ㼫࣬һֱൽ
ֱܹۣƽ˵ںܺã뿪ǺҲûʲôѧ˺ܶණʶ˸ˣǶҺܺá֪㵱̫ˣҲ˵֣ǶڿǸ̫ӡ
ܹЦⲻȴ̻ʢźȴĻҽ
뿪˾ǣ˸ˣҲúܿģҪˡ
ʵСҪ벻С
С߿ɺãҿ
̫ӵ£СĻĿδļᶨԺɲԲҪˣ
ܹǴ㣬ȴú
˿˵ЩʲôȴɤӸɬں
Ҫ𣿡
СƲͷ͵Ѿ˺òã
˵⻰ʱЩԥڶСġ
Ȼô˵ܹܲӦҪԵġ
һͬء
˵һ׷˵Ϳ϶ɡ
ҲԸأܹ񳶳һɬЦԸ𣿡
СҡͷϿҵҲûϵ㣬ҲǿġЩҲҪȥġھǺúõģҲܷġ
㲻뿴ңڣһ㡣
Сû˵
쿴ȥˣС˾䣺£ҪȻȥɣ
ܹ뿪ʱε˵ʹĺ֦£ڷƮż⡣
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ڵգСͺʰԼһ֣ʰڹӼ̫ξĶӴһܣøڸв
˼ڸϰԼ飬֪СҪУ㲻ĵظ˳
ͷƽŮڷ
̳ûͷܵõǮ
Ž޵ĻȥȣŶûţ°뱲ʳǡ
వƵĽ׵ȹ׹˱ңһƬ̺иۡ
СصƵ㳤ӣǰ׵İٵȹǻȺܿڽȥҲˡ
һ֦Уպò׳㾹ҲúױΣǧҪ߶ˡ
֪ˡ
˼б˽һۣŮΪüݣױεýкã
ҿźÿͳɣߵػһ䣬СӿŲ
һյϾӣӰ㿡
һ˲䣬ƻصһǰ
ֻȥ˲ãȴʮңԶ벻ʱֶܹ˵ʲôʲô顣
ֻǾġ̡
ĻŨ֬ƮȻɢ֡
ӰͿ˽ϵŮΪζҪֳֻ֦
ǶŻǲǲЩ죿
˼ش𣺡ǵĻںͰͿͬǲҪ뻨һգֻҪδ˼ҵС㣬ڽϿϲӣɽԼĻ֦
ȣ⡭ôУ᲻̫ḡˣ
һǾǵĴͳɲᣬҪǸ֪ڽʾܻµá
СЦ۾гϸ졣
û߶ã˶ע⵽ܵĿ⣬˼ҲʣȻŮ
мüĿ飬ƵƵ
Ůɫֱ̰Ľ˼ֳ棬һĿбӣװʲôҲ֪
ܿд󵨵Ůӽ֦ˡ
սȾһŻ֦Ź̵̿ʯ޴ؿ
ĳЦŭؽ֦С
ֳҪʾòɣСЦӯӯؽӹ
˼ˣҧгݵɺ˵
Ƣͷᣬڣ˴Ӻһ¡
תʰȣǴҴܹġ
üңȻһЦ⻨͸ҵ𣿡
һ϶͵ܳģȻȥ˶Ҫˡ
ʰν㰤ҲܵС
Ŀȣܵؿ۾ҪȻ㽫͸ˣҿô찡
СҲ޷ݸ˭ȻʰҪˣȻ᲻
Ҫ֣ͻȻһ˲᲻صײһ£ֵ֦ڵϣȥֱҴܹĺͯš۵Ļ걻ãմȥ
ʰߵصССͷ˸̣⺢ô£
˼̾СĻûԵˣˣȥֿɡ
ȼתȥһֻ׾ֽմҵ֦ʰ
ܹվȺУ飬еһи롣
żд󵨵ŮӿԥҪҪĻ׸ˡ
ɴһۼ˱Ȼܼٲ˻ˮˡ
Сһңҵģװ˲ٶ
ʰԹšÿСҲӦ䣬͵һ׹һͼӵӰԶˡ
ô£
ЩЦãָָտҲʣиС͵ҵҡ
װòǻ𣿡
˭ôӹϣСɵ͵ˡ
һСδӰ쵽ʲô˻Ǹ߸˵ؿʱʱܵŮӣὫ׸˭
ʰͻĹﶼСˣҲںЩ뽭һ
̻ڿ𣬳֮īҹըһѤĻ
ݵغź̻ںڰ
ʰװ¿СָԽԽ
¶һۣҪʱ͵һײ
СкЦ˹Ҫȥ塣
ŵ˼ʱͱˣΪһǻ
ʰԼһСˡ
Сͷôˣ
̻գɲǼ΢ӡ
ûû£ӡ
عڰһ˲ܹת˳ȥ
׷صҽ
£Ҫع𣿶ˣ治С˵ʲô
ˣңղôġܹ˼ͣ£԰˵ԸΧˣúʰ
ǡ
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ҹĶžΩ̫޵һյƵҡҷš
ܹʹһ㣬ڵص֦ʰҲںõĻմȾҡ
֦زڴƿУ鰸
°׽ұ𿪣ɹɵӻϡ
ƣԻɢ
뵽һգӱһӣ˵ЩʲôӯӯһЦ
紵Уȴĵƻ
ַܹʹͷϵĻ꣬طһЦ                        
лҪ˵ʼʽvϣҼּ֧ϲǰʮ۶к
ǣ
лСʹĵף

 26 

̫ҽÿնᵽԶΪС, ûգһҩ, ʼСҩԡ
Сü, ЩŤ, 䲻Ըʣһ᲻ǿ, ǶԸվһˣ
˵ܹʱ, ҲЦ
ȻȥСǰ, ȴҽںͽ˼, ȵݷý֪ҪƵ
нԣ׷ײ²ǷҪԶһˡ
ܹãûһۣһ֪ðСѾͷġ
˼ȥʼվƽҪܱ̫ӷϵĵ, ƾʲôܱȹ
Сڸĺúõ, ÿվԼԺֻ, ҲûбӰ쵽ʲô
ֻн˼ĬĬһС
ղ, ̫ʱãЩȻܲ
ҲҪһ, ָָ, µ᲻尡̫Ӹ綼ôˣ㿴ӡô£ܷ
ŮӸʱ, ֬ڱǼ⣬ķ˿ɨ˽˼ա
ҵܾܵ꣬µúã
̧ܹĽ˼ЦЦ˵˵Цģϡ
˼ͷѹøˡ˵ûȷʵ
С̫ӣʵǲˡ
ܹҪع£Զߡ
˼ãΪСܹСԺ˺ĬĬ˹ǡ
ҵСʱԺĻݲݽˮ۰׵̫ɹ΢΢죬֦ϰ뿪ĺġ
ι˭ҵŮô̫ʶģ߰ͷһװʢ˵վԺǰ
Сֱӣ̧չ⣬ɻءһ
ҰѾͷ񣬲˵ŵԺɬҩζüëšһ
ߵµʯ£ַϷŵ顣
С˵ȴû뵽Լ
ҴǱ񵽽ҵġ˵̹̹ĪԺƱ˰·ʲô˲¡
üͷʵǼģô̫ʶģ
Сϴˡ

⻰Ǻʰ̸ģҪǱϳɲسϡ
Ȼǲŵġ
һջĿ⣬ĵطС顣¼˿ǲ
Сֹ
ͷʣ˵ʲô
Ҳ¼𣿸ʾǵŮж飿Щڴģ֮ǰһݴôԶĵط
ô࣬дòɣ˵һ䣬ȴСӦ𣬻ɵǴݴҲݵˣѲ㣿
Сڰ֣ǵģһλˣҽŮֻæ¼ѡ
⻰ǫˣҶŮĹͻԵȣҲԸԼ֡
õСĻشЩšΪλ곤ĸһֱ׫˭ֻһС㣿
Ҫ̤ԺŵĽ⻰˵Сƭˣȷһݡ
ЩȵһۣŻԭλһԲͳˡ
֣յС࣬Сʣô£
̫ӵ£Ҳ֪ôͻȻˡСҲɻţȴϲɫⱾ龹Ĵ˾ǣҲһôʱ䡣
ȳСԺӣǻ֮ȥĿζʧˡ
ŮôͻȻˣ
ߣ۵üҾǸ߰һҲмһƽϡдôһ飬Ҳ̫ܱȽܽõö࣬װģ̫İΡ̫ӸƲңҲܱ˽ܽСˡ
Ů͵˵üǡ
˼µãҲμӽĴǣЦ
*
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ϽȥЩ֬ˮۣСһȥµϡ
ǵķǰͿܱȵģʣеӶ˸顣
СȴЩ겻ᡣ
˳ӣûоò̫ԣ
ʲôԣѰһõӣҪߡ
Сؿһۣܾ˸ǡ
Ȼ˿ܡûе£ĪҪˡҸղſһӣȹɣ
СƬ̣ǵ˵ͷ
תʱײһ£ഫŮ˵ľͶص
ͦŴӵŮ˷ȣ˿£
Ů˷ϸüһ䣬ʮķϡ
£лλˡ
˵꣬ҪȥĲƥ֬
Сһ΢Цסںδ飬ȥ
ͨõģȴ֮ʱϽ֡ЩɻȴǵͷͬС˻ɣЩʵڶв㡣
οһŮزʲô¡
һЦмǱлλˣס˵زԶ㵽ˡ
˽鳯Ÿ˵סȥСǾڸԼͷֿ˼ΣҲ˿
мµˣûԳţ͸˴˻
ŵ֪˵ɷλƷߵľ٣ƽæڹ£˻ҪЩˣԳˡ
ƯҲøУ֪Ͷ˵˼䡣
һ·ߵУС˴ԺһֱԺǽĲԴ֦Ī֪ıϿҪµġ
ɲɣ˾ԺǰͣˣӯӯһЦлλǲڼªȿˮ߰ɡ
Ը̣ôܽмªء
Ҫܣһ󼱴ٵԽԽ
һֱϵЦݽסˣӦȰˣλǿ߰ɡ
СҪתһʮġңŮ˺Ҫ
̫Ϥôãһĵ׵ļֻ̣һ˲乴˹ڽļ䡣
ͷǴ㣬ȴкӽŵӵ֫ٺʹ
С鲻ԾôС
۫б˽һۣδСʵ˭
ǿװ򶨣ڶǰֻһĹ㲻ҪΪǡ
С⽫ƫһ࣬ŽҪ뿪
ݱձߵķ˿ڵԼ۫۽͸ŵŮҲܲµûҪΪѵ˼
߰ɡС˵˾䣬ŽߣԵмֻҡ
վڳ۫ΣüͷԽˣֻתʱһģĲա
۫ŭСȨûȴʸͣ
߳һξ룬۫ԶȥѰ㻺˿ŷ壬亹
ҡ
С
һǣֱ۱͵߬סһת
Ŀѣֻ΢ǰ˵ڱҧгݵģ㾹Ȼţ㾹Ȼû
ϵ̫ӣ֯һԷ壬⵹Ǻ⻹ǿϲ𾪵˼µŤ
Сֱ۱ۣų֣۾ͱͻȻֵŮһƴˡ
ŮӵСǰޱ飺ء                        
лҪ˵ʾʵҪиҪ׳֣п˷ӡ

 27 

ͻȻðŮһ, ž졣㲻ÿռҩŮôҲˣ
Ů΢΢һףΪܾС
СҲɻ, ֪
Ž, İ˲١
۫ںһ༥, ۵һСҲ𾪵ػعͷ, 𽥱
Сð, С, Ȼ, Ȼһ
ס۵ؿڣĿⷢǾò˼顣
Ȼһ̣ȴʹĳסСĳ۫
˾ˣ
۫ŰܾưǺˣ֪֪ʲô, , ǲ𣿡
ܾۿ, ޱ飬мĻ
СŽ, ƫͷҿָ۫
Ȼû, ڸһȥ, 㻹ܽۣ۫һֻӡܣҿûฮô, ȿɾͱҪˡ
Ǻ̬ûע⣬һڣޣ˶Բѣ
СҲǺģ֪ΪŻߡ
£̲Īࡣ֮ݴôãѾܾû˵ˡԲôĻţںãƾʲôҪฮݽ档
֪һ̧ͷֱų۫ǿסеĲеĿ־ȴɢ
кҪꣿкοǷ
۫ûᷴǿҧһ㣬Ц
ҩǸʳĳ󣬲ǷѪѣ㾹֪жһҪܽ
Ťͷ۳۫ŴĬĿֻصСϡ
һδȥȴǰҪǿ̰ȤģֻɫĻֿն
ĽС˸ɣҲĪļ
֪Լʲôܣֱ仯ᡣ
ŭں˵˵Щʲô
۫Ļͬһʯ̶ƽļһ졣
ҵǸģңһڡֻȥѡ㽪ةѪ֮ʮѪΪҸûûˡҲڽңҲǷҡ
뵽Ҳûصݵ榣Ⱦŭ⡣
Щȣۺͳ۫Ҳˡ
ƺûСŭǰûӲˣҲĳʲô
۷ĺͫſڣʲôҲ˵
Сĺǰһˡ
۫ŭҪǿһֱĬСǰİֱܾӴгһѶذ
еĺһܼ۫ʱⲻ˱˰ӡķлֱۣѪδδ볾
㣡
ٽһܾһ
ֱۣ۫Ѫָ˳һΪŭԵñãСֻҪţշһգҪŸҿͷϴ
ͽ۳ֻһŮֲһ㣬ּΪӲƴضռϷ硣
Сھǣ̳ܰ
ɵվʲô۫һһĽۡ
߳һξ룬ַԸߵСˣǡ
ǡ
-
¡СԶԶؿһС
Сͽϸ˵ЩʲôͻȻɨ
ɫԲ԰ףοڣСתˡ
һپࡣ
ȴû뵽յ鷳ةǸŮһء
·£ﻹ˼ʲô̡
СԼĺ£ЩǸҸ鷳⼸һǲˣ뵽ǣû뵽ڽգô
˵ʲôܹ㣬ȻҲ֪Ǻ㵽ʲôɷģ֪ж಻ùˣǼҵˣ۸㣬ǵһӦ˵ţֹŹյСฮʲô̫Ӳǻϲ𣿻߲һŮ
Сܹҡҡͷѡҵġ
ʲô
Ҳûʲôǿȥɡ
ܾСһۣʶô
ȻصԶ˼Զ֪£СҲԭί̽ˣȴû˵ܹ֮¡
Զɢ꣬䲻볯ȴҲǸֱˣ֪ͳ̼ΪҲýյĵѵ죬дʣӣʵĹΣɥƷԣҲһ֮࣡
֮־ΣǰҲǳ۳ɳĴ󽫣񴹴ӣ񣬾㿴߽֪ΪȴҲʲô
ܵ㰮Ѿøмˡ
ܾȻܹˣȷڹؼʱס˳۫
ҹСجΡ
ŷϱҲʪһƬ
վںˮɫ£Ϻһ˪
ﲻǸѪҲǱ۫ͽ֪ȥ´纮ݡ
Щֻú£ȴѹˡ
ܹ
-
ڶգʰ֪˴£ڹӼѧͬĽ۰ڵʹᡣ
ǺʰȣȴһոƫģĽһ
ǸһգСĵ¾ͷˡ
֪Զ
ʱڰܾǺ˭ѧ书֪ˣЩҩޡ
ҩˣֱܳԺӡ
Զǰһգ֪֪۫ҵ鷳Ҫѵͽ۵ģȴõϢ
Сš
仰Ĵһ˲Ŀհס
úŻ𾪣ϲá޴롢ôһЩεγ֡
СԲģСһأΪ֮
š
֪벻ͨԼôģҲԺúöԴСΪһź£һˡ
Сôˣһʱε˶塣
֪ţѹõĴʯ·˵أʹʱõ˽ѡ
ԶȻǲ֪ģΪǰϳ곤֪һ֣ȫԲ
֪һ֮࣬ܵŴεӣɫѿֻ̲ˡ
ҵȷСؼңлүʱյϣҶ𣬻ү
˵ˣ֪˵ʲôСھǲڡԶɢţ䣬ȴԶһӳ
Զѽ̫ӵˡ
Ϊ⡣
֪Щӣ뵽ճд̫Զһ£پԼǱˣһͨ
ܹ֪Сûȴ
пܣһʼСûȴ
ԽɫԽؿںһŻա
ܹ߽֪ŭ¶һŵЦͬˮƫ۵ǲεı
ةôˣ
֪һЦյøˡ
˼̫ӺةپĲ٣Ȼ˵СҩҲ֪㵽ȥ
ʰ˷뾡취ӹøܳ·ƻһȳһյģϵı鼫Ϊ⣬һžͺ磬Ǹ۳ײʺ˰ӣ˾Ҳ׹Ѹ첲ˤˣͲǼҵǸ
߽ǰã֪ɭĿʱʰĻȻֹĬĬ˸
ة໹ǻȥɡܹ񵭵˲ܴߵġ
-
Сڼɽʪ䡣
ղͺƽ֪ҲҲ
ܾ书ãȴ̫˵֪ΰ
С㣬ҩҪˡ
Сϥ£Լֻصʮʱ
͡Ժֲ֪أЩˣһڼɽá
һֱҲû󣬿ſžͿ˯ȥˡ
榾Ǹʱ֣һƬ谵ҲƣӸµ飺޹˾ͻȥ˯
ܾӣСͷֱۣίغ磬һȥòãҲβˡ
˵ĽŲһ£Ƭ̺о΢硣
Ǻʰ
̧
ܹСǰĿһºͳķ˿Сûˡ
ǿ־ͽ䱸ҲȥҲؽ
Щܵų⣬Ƕ١
ܹɫЩ԰ףȴЦ˵Ѿˣû˻ȥ
ȡ                        
лҪ˵췢ˣǰʮк


 28 

ܾվڲԶ, ֻһ۱ƿĿ⡣
ֻǾòģô, δ̫κǰ¶ֱ顣
΢С
ǰ, ̫ǰҲôԴС
Щֻ̫Ͱ˵, ܺ, ȤͨĽС, ø߸ϵܹġ
һǹϼĴ, һȴǼݽҩ, ˷ʲôǣ
ҲȥСܹظһ顣
ĵغ֪Ǵߵġ߰Сúҩˡ
ǰģֻҪһ֣ͻȹ, гɡ
Сܾܹ, һ뵽֪Ҳ, òҪŽ֪ߡԺﰲ˼ûҪߵ˼
ܾȥ, ˾䣺㡣
С̧ͷ̾Ҫ
ܹ򴽲, Ҫȥ, СȴԼ᾵ɽʯ׵̫ȶˣ̤һеǰһ, ЩԵ
ȵطסԼŵСϿɬҩ㣬̫ҽ˵ҩԡϲȡ
С㻹
ʰãܾ˹ȴҲһĻ
СڲסϲܹʱȽȻͬ磡ˣ
վȳʰȥ϶ݷơ
ҩ·δɢȴѾˡ
ܹʲôҲû˵ĬĬԼƣƬ̺ת
̫ӵ¡ʰ
ɡ
໰ﲻסСͼȫ˵ڣСϢǸ۸Ľ۱ԺڵᣬȻ֪ĸˣö˶ܵ԰ײ˻ʺ󣬱˰ӣǸ۫׹첲ˤˣҴӹأôš
Сϲû¶ʲôı飬Գ۫ͽǷ޹أʰˣϵЦЦܹʱԾվڼɽͶµУֻǾؿȴǰ
£Сỽһ
ܹһЦСȥҩɡ
˼СԺӵʱ򣬼ʰ޹˼ɵ̫ǰΣĵһ䲻ã̳һߡ
ʲôʰϵһ¡
û˵ĪҪԣҳ
СֵؿһֳۣҪʲô紳𣿡
ܹҩݸΪڹӼളˣôġҩˣȰɡ
˵ţһιߣȻ
Сһ£ҡͷˡ
԰գҩ룬Ϣһ
ܹⰵ˰ൽ鶼ŤˣֲʧЦǵݸǳ˰ɡ
Сһۣһᶨ˵ˡ
ҲǿֻǾǰ˻͹ȥһֻǲ׽ȴûô䡣
ΪֹһػҲ˵
ԺſһۣûʰɥջĿ⡣
ôˣ
ΪҲܷġЩΡҺڸ鷳
ôġ˶٣Լڸʰ˵ֲһ䣺Ҳûо鷳
ЩʱûгСǰȴʱԶ˶Ȼδ£ȴǲٵִĿҲ¡
лл¡
һڣ־ﲻ̹ˡ
ʵһ𣿡Ȼлɣȴ޷ӡ֤ܹˣ룬ܹ֪ء
û¡
ܹԼµСʲô˵Ҷ㡣
ة࡭ҲϳƸˡ֣ǲһҡ
ŮӼ۫⣬ض֪֪ݣ˵ֻ͡һˣ
ܹ΢ܽĲûкãߺ£ɼ
С͵̧ͷͫϥϵֽ߬ȭǼʲô
ǲǡˡ
ǡ
ܹ֪ʲôĪҪΪ˵ģΣҶֺ
ĻﾹֻúЦ
ҪǷڶ˵ڣһʲôЦ
㻹ҡ
ʱô˵İɡ
˺ܶˣѾҪˡ
СȻһԲ߽ӣԺС
ܹ۽յķţֽ߷ҩϡ
ԺоƬ̣ȥ
֪ҵ£СҵˣҲܹ
榣ṶӲдգڶˡ
ǰֻŪˣĲҡ
ֻý֪Ѫ
ܽѵ˾Ͳ
еѡ˭ҩ˭Ըһȥ
Գ͡أԽܽ䱦ƾʲôҪñ˵ȫ
Сã˼ߵĺʰһֱûл
ûͺ˵仰ء
*
ฮУð
ϵĲ߻ƿԱɨ䣬һأ̺еѪ
гſ޺ŭЪ˹ķ
ܽǹһ˿Ѫߣ鲼Ѫ˿ڵץɾҪԼ
͡˫ۣ°ܽܿܳŹȥܳŹȥ£ô
Ůΰţ־õôЩºۡ
ͣ͡
ſſңҲҪˡΪʲôңƾʲôҪܽ޵ɤӶˣڷ˵ֿ۵Ӷڷ
ִ͡ӹ﷭ҵѹһҩۣΡΡֻͷʹĽܽ¶
ֽʱ򣬽۳һѽҩͿˣ
ܽ۵ɫ԰ף꼸ҪҧѪɴҡң
͡ʹޣ̫ˣͦΰɣ´ξͲˣһΡ
ƽĸŮǶׯĺģȴ˿ң涼ҵۡ
ʹȴ޿κΣҩ߬ţ˫Ŀɺ졣
ҩòãⲻʲôöֻẦ
˵Щʱ򣬽ܽǱϷ亹˻ſ޳һ
ȥӳ͡ĺȾҪ뿪·ʱǣ˿۵һ顣
̧ͷ⧲ײ˽֪
ɫǿŭ
ģ۶Ҳµˡϻ
֪һɫŭδ𻰣͡һ̬Ž֪Ϊʲôôܲܽô찡ܽŲס˰㣬ֻһѪѣ
֪˵ʲôִ̼˽֪˳ֱۣ͡͵һٽ۵ϡ
ֱ֮ӽվȵĽ۴ڵء
ʲô
֪Ӹλעоֹ˶ٿڸйɫʱ
˷֣ȷΪŭ
зִ磬δ֪㣬ȥңһָųܺ͡ó۫ճ̣ȴβฮ˵ʲôȴǱ䱾˵ҵΪλҪȥΪ
˵󣬳͡޵ͣȻûΪβҵܵܺͰȥΪμҪڸ⣬ȥ̽ȥȥʲô֪㵽ΪܽΪԼ
͡ɤЩüͷ壬ֲ˰Ҳûʲô
;˻𣬰οִʹ|ۼԺ
ֿɱ
۱ʹʱڹʲô
ǵ˿ҲǸΪ˽Сˡ
Ϊʲôʵ
֪̫ӺԶ˻ţֻܵԼ
͡һ㶣̵ôУܽôŵסǽáô᲻Ըһúöģүȥҡ
סڣ֪޿̣ĿܽǽãҪС˼ɶ飬Ӧ㣿ֱǳ롣
̱͡Ůסˡ
뵽ŵĽܽ뵽ң뵽۫вԹڿ̱ҳ룬һ˭µģܽжܹʱ榺СĻΣƷ榣СҲµġÿЦ𣡡
ǵķ޶ҲһĥĥĲֹֺܽγ尾
ޣһ·Я֣ȴֲסΪһ˫Թż
Լ榣أҲңǶҶ˼Ҫң
͡ǰЪ˹͵͵ˡ
֪㣬ȴбƵ飬ڳ͡ʱһ

ƫĿ⣬ٿ̾һ뿪
͡ؿŽ֪ԶȥıӰѾȾһ
ַƵĽۡ
ſ޳˦Ůܽӡ
-
үǽǸСүСġ
˽Զһ̣ͷ̫ӵ˵ˣ벻ȫСģȥ
ǡ
Сʱ׼š
պʰȴ֪Ǳ˼˵ʲôֻȥˡ
۲ڹﰤ˰ӣǿڽ֪ϣҪϳӼ࣬ôվˣ
û˵˾䣺˺֪ߣة඼ȰȥˣҪ㲻ţѲɻ밤򣿡
ʲôϵСЩ֡Ϊʲôᰤ򡣡
ЦҲ֪ɵǼɵ۸ڶվڹ˷ȻǱ˽ˡҪȻƾʲôʰ֣ȴҪһة֮ӣӼļƿɲɵةࡣ˵˾ˣ׹󻹲£־ˣ㾹Σ
֪ϸȻҲϹ롣Ȼ˵ˣҲֻΪܹ
˵ҲڣȥǻǴӺ߰ɡ
˵֮ǰǿ־壬֪ҵݺһ뵽ҵ˱
ܾݺСȰ뿪ûгɹǰ͵͵ţǹĸţ㱻СҲöˡ
СҲٸˣϾܹǰܾӣΪѰܾҲã뿪ǵʱ
ĸ첲һ·϶꺫ʰԴСҲſռϷ磬㻹˽
󽫾ԺĽЦᶨ·𿴵˺ʰս׿ӡ
Χ·ߣߴߴ˵Լӡ
游˵ӽҪسˣ̫֮λʧܣ㱻ᵽ˱߹أҲͦġ
С˵ȴһ¡
ܶ˵ģ̫ŮλؾСѾ͹Գɻˡ
ӿ϶İɡ
˲ãͣһǰ
ɽҪȥͷӣʱֿˡ
žС˸ɹ飬谵һƬɢùζ
һֲѵĹںϰ˵
С߽ϰɨţһеЦλҪʲô飬Сȫ
￴Сþִ٣ϻһ־ֻ
պⱾҲд⣬ʵϲҿԸ˵ÿġ
Ǻ顰žˤϡϰ˵ƭϵļǻǮ
ϰüһţԼõģǮѾˣҪ־͹Լʶ֣ϵļ֪˭𣿡
С͵Сһۣܵʲô㣬ۿˮҭǮҡ
ǮСȻˡ
λˣҪԣҲ𡭡
ССȸҳ
ҵǮ
ҰҪû¡
ϰЦֹһ䡰¡ǰˡ
Сܾ߳ȥˡ
Сվһдϰĺͼ
ʧܾӶ
лл㡣СЦŵлǮ޸ͣС
ܾ˵
֪СǵûֹͣԽԽѹڵϣһһġ
СҲŶ£ǮѾҪˣôôģǮ𣿡
࡭ˡ

Ĭţһʱ֪οڣֻŶӣʱ
Ż޸ͣСֿ˵ˣһ˵ͣίˣ˵Ҳʶ֣ءҵܵ飬ǲȥѧҲ飬ҪǶ飬ʶֿ϶ࡣҵ˵Ҳ飬˵ѧҲûãҾѧҪǹ˼ҵľͺˣͲϲƭ
СίͰ͵ӣһʱǸƼݵĹ֪Լ˿ˮҪˣһġ
飬Ժʲôأ
ҪʲôҾǡ顣Сʣ߬ס
СסŻһЦ˵˵öԣһҪʲô˵ԺŮѧˣҲ顣
ʲôŮѧС⻰ڼ
Ůӵѧãʶ֡
˵ʲôٵӵĽУ̤ڵ
У˭󣬾Ȼ
С̧ͷֻܣ
С䲻ŵض·ߺ˵üҪȥɧҶܼ
񡣡
ֹһȥʰȴѽߣ˱޿ɱܵĵز

ŵûסһʱۡ
С͵δüĺ˿С
ʯ֮䣬һѸٽˡ
˻ڵϹһȦ
ĸߴɿϵĻҡ
ˡ
Сܹȥɵ˵Ľ
СӵֶסⲻǼ˰ɣ
ӣСȡôͻˣ
ιô°ҪˣҷųɤӺ竾ЩҲҪˤûسǷй
СЩϤ̧ۿϵˣɵԭأС˵˾䣺ʲôӰ
ܶϵˣɫʱףһھ˿
Сͷؿƽ顣
С
ôˣ
ú졣
Կܶ⣬ŵһ飬ֿС˫۵Բˣֶڶ
㡭ҲǼ˰ɣ
лҪ˵˵ŰܹģΪȷʵûʼŰտʼء
ԺҪϴġ
ôŰǲаⶼܲס


 29 

νԩ·խ, ܶ͹֮䣬ֲԩô򵥡
ŵ, ھܱ֮صķ˪ѩ, Խ, ȳ, Ѻմྶͥ
ȴûô, Ծ, ˵Ƿᡣ
С뵽С޸һ, Խÿϧ

ܶⱧۿϵɫһ˾Ҫ֡
һԼ侲
ҲʲôִʵʵͽǸȻСûƿۡ
㣿
ָܶ߬, 촽
㱻ײ, ԳϿҵǸ, ɫ΢ЩȴԾû
û뵽Сʶôˡ
һ֪𣿡ܶɫ, üСһ䡣
ͷܶҲٶ˵, ƺʲô, תˡ
ԭأЩԡ
ԿǺᵶᰮȢ, ôһԲأ
СҲ͹ԾŽ뿪ˡ
·߶ܶʱ˼ãŻˡ
ܶɫǺܲÿȴǿŲٶԹ˵Щʲô
ΪСѾ˸СķͻҲֻǷ޲ǺС㡣
ȻȥϲȴҲǹȥҪСǹԡ
뵽־ʧ䡣
ȻֻڶС˵ȴǸܺõˣҪܼ޸Լ˶á
˵㷽ں˭˵أô·ˣ
⻰СԽ˵𷽲ǹ
ϰҲǸˣȻֻŪʶֵС
ûе˼С˵ǸСʶ֣㲻ᱻŪˡ
Ҫ˵ĻֹټŮʶ֣ĸҲҪ˵ģʫʸ踳ҲҪһЩ˵ȥҲǸݰƽʶҲ޴ãҪȥؼҺҪϴʶкã
С֪⻰ԣȴһʱҲʵĻ˵
Ĭһַˡ
δҪ˵СڿظѧŮ룬ǵļҹ棬ȻͬĻֺαǿ˵
һ·˺ʰøĸ֪ۡʰںԺϰ䣬˱͵͵ȥ
δ߽ǹѿ
ԺֲøߴԺǲҶ㡣
һϵİ߲Ӱ֮ζ
ʰһɫԲۣٸ߸𣬺ɫƷԺŽý˷衣
ǹת᳤硣
ҶƮΧһ
ʰתһ㾧Өıƺʪķ˿ڼձߡ
С
ǹһЦȵˡ
أﶼʣˣ
ʰЦô磬Сɾһ
Сɫ΢죬վǴԺʰ˵磬ԺһǴ󽫾
ǹɾ޳ĿĹ⡣
ʰôֱ׵Ŀ佱ϻЩȣ˼ЦЦ
ܾС󣬽˵ġüȥԽΪ̫Ӹеֵ
ͤУ˵˼μӴǵ¡
ֳʱձҪרĶģ̫ˣʱΪָ㣬⼸յǸεֳ壬Ϊ˰̱ʱҪСʵڹ֡
ʰС۸𣿡
Сҡͷ˵̫˻Ǻܺõġ
ʶУΨһһΪŮҪһˡȻý˼ӣ㿴ֳôõ飬廹ҪңɼŮӲδӣܲμӿƾ٣˵׼׾ء
⻰ЩȴҲδز滰
ʰ죺˵ǸֺĿ˺ãôˣ
СͣͿ˵Ůѧ£˵Ҳҡ
ͺʰһۣĬĬʻҪ˵Ļ
óСôȻҪЩ˵Ŀʷ
С˼ϸΪƣôˮһգǰ׷ͽ˸аˡ
ʰذͿԺĸδػ޳ɡ
ĦָƺЩԥ̫ҽ˵Ҫھٰ꣬Ž궬ǰܻذͿʱԿܲܰһԺ䷱ĿʶǶ֮꣬ҪŮѧȫ¶Ҫ
ʲôȫ£ʰЩ졣
СһʱҪڰͿԺǿظˣҲû˸˵лɷŵǾͲ֪ᱻＥȫ°Ժ
ôܣˡҲ˵ôɣԺҪӣֺδȥң
СԴ񶨺Ҳ٣ûϵܻеģҲһأ
ʰǾòףҪôñ峰
ɫ棺С²㵱дһҽô򵥡
˶ίȰ˵СЩ΢΢ʧ䡣
֪Ϊ룬ϣõǵĿ϶
һֱĺСһ·߻Զ
صʱȶʼˣСɫǸ˵ԼҪȥҺʰֺ뱧ǸҪų˱㲻ͷΡ
Сͷ˼ߡ
ǰڹԺǰվʱȥȰȰɡ
Ҳڰ
˵ˣǲţүš
ŭ˺ӲСȥɣ
ԼȥȻȥɡС˼Ƭ̣˳ӡ
Ҫ۸ô죿
ڱĬһ·İܾһʾվû˶˽С
ͷһۣ̾Ǻðɣɱ
û£ܲһֱš
ȵǹҩԽԽС̧ͷվԺǰꡣ
۴һԲ쳤ۣվñֱһǿͦε
СվһԿȰδš
ϼȾ˰ʣӳϣΪ˲ʵĹΡ
ۣ
ڣǰܾվΪ˵ټҲˡ
һӲתжѪ˿ȥЩ¡
Сɤָɣʱ
ԹúЦĲڣԼš
Сһûڡ
ƺǰƺһˡ
Ӧ˵粻Ըӣ֪Լ
۵ʹͷӰӱúܳ
СԼѪҩپȾȽܽ
˵ֻҪҵĺӳһЩٲȡѪˣЩͨͨû˵ڡ
㲻ȥ𣿡
С֣ôô˵
Ҳȥ
̧ͷſڣȴû˵ʲôŷ˫ȣĽӲشˡ
Сһͷˮ˿ıӰʰܾô𣿡
㲻ϣߣҿ԰л
æ֣߾߰ɣǱǸ˷ߵġ
߳һξ룬۷ǽͣסˡ߬ȭ͵ǽϣһСһ飬սսǱˡ
ջָ֣ϵǽҺѪȥµؼǰߡ
Сˣү˵òҵ˹Ȼв
*
Уܹӣ֪ǿĸͷؽһ鰸žһ
Ϊ˵С״̫ҽ΢΢һ١
ܹЦЦض̫ҽΪֻ˵˰ꣿİҪߡ
̫ҽæ˵СҪʵģҲһ˵СӿأҪζãҪӳ飬ҪҲпܵġ
ͷˣȥɡ
ȵڰܹüģ԰˵ǵý˵һֶ˵
ΪҪС֪
֪ˣ͸Ըˡܹƿпһؿ֦΢Լ£Ǻ£Ҷ˵¼𣿡
˵ЩЦ⡣СһλҽŮͬ׫ѧࡣ                        
лҪ˵ϴ׽ۡ


 30 


л, ֦ͷ
μӵĴԵѧԶڿƾаεͷ, Ӵ˳ͷ
ú, ʰ񹫲, ˼Ȼλаס
Զ˵ֱ, ǽ˼ԼΪ, Լܸеº⡣
ʥ, СͽڸеĺϢ
żմ, յ˻ֻ̱š
СѾϰԺҩ㣬ǽȴУ΢һűӰ̾
紵Ҷ
һж׶á
˽ϵ̾Ϣ
СͣеĶ㵽ôˣ
ɫȻСҲûô
СǰձӾ˵𣿡
͸ź, һֱӵ˶ߡҲֻ, ֻ˵л, йⲻȥ
СҲܶⱧӵϹһȦӡ
ǹоزĹ㣬ͺʰվһ𶼲״, οǱбţضǱŤӵġ
л𣿡
ˮӯӯ, ˵ͷ
ȻܶҲм֮Ե, ֻҪ룬һ취ġ
úŮС, Ѿˡ
˼Źٷ߳żʹͣƺƵעĿǵ˶֪Ĳĵ̫⡣
֮˵ǵ̫⣬ΪĻʵֲ£ȫ̫ӡкüʿк󣬵Щʹ;ͱûֱ̫Ӱѳֳŵá
̫ӶνԶеĽʿҲڴˣɲԶһĺûᡣ
СͽУΪһʱǽ˼뵽Ҳһˡ
һٻȹͷһѻĽʯվĶǸۡ
ˣôƴֵİ࣬ҪԵˣȻüҲǸ߰󣬵Ǻܺʡ
С
ӯ

ÿСߡлҪ˵
Сģһͷˮظˡ
ֳСĵؿ۶ȥķ򣬲鼱
˼üЦǸˣΪС
*
ٽ磬չԽĿ
СߵԺҪ˵ȴվ¡
ż£һأ㾹ʼܹˣ
СͣۼЩĿˡ
ü㻹ǸӣôССëôࡣ
ЦЦδ𻰡
Ҵ˷Ϊ£ɺšгһݵ˻Σǵ⡣㲻ҪԺպһλûǸԷС֣ΪʣҲáֻҪͨˣԺ²ôףԺʲô˭̣ɶ⡣
лл㣬һ취ġɡΪʲôҪңûʲôܻرġ
ϵЦһ£ž˵ôΪʲôⲻˣֻţҪôࡣ
ô˵ˣСҲٶ룬ӹ˵ͺԼĴ㡣
¼ʼӡʵҲһЩǮ
ԼȻ˵ѧʶˣʶֻǴ´ġ
գͻȻ亮
ϸ괵Ҷ̫ҽС˰ķӣҹ۵԰ߣ
ڰǰһյƵ𣬳飬һֱ
ڶϸ˿˷ϻ˲ˮ顣
Ϊû˯ã¶һС࣬Եƣ
ʰͽ˼Ҫȥ棬˼ɵСӣûһͬȥ
ԶһƬĺҲͤӣܹͽ˼Ǵ塣
Сཻܹ̫Ҳôȥ⣬һԭ
Ҷɳɳ죬ǱϿɡ
ܾһ֧ɡС꣬Ҳ֪ĸҪĻֽ¯žҪߡ
ߵʱСͣ½¯źã԰ܾ˵߿һòãҲʲôµġ
ܾΪС˵ȥ̫ӡ
ĵ̫ӰͲȥء
⻰Ҳֻ룬ͷһۣͻȻͱ⣬㽫ֽɡݸСŰɡ
Сûϵġ
ӲãȾ˲̫ӻҡ
Сˣٸѿܾô˵ɫȫ
ܾɡһԣתȥ
汻ˮƣ΢ڶߵϸ
žյĺֻʣһ˵Ӱ
ҷ۵մ˿¶ͷҲ΢ʪˡ
ĺȹڲöѻǶʢĻ
νСССһš
ȼһưɢʪĿС
Сûȼֽ˼ζɹָۣܵ˵޴ؿˮĵӰ
Ƭ̺Ʈ˿˿ˮˡ
ˮĵӰһˣһֽɡش
̫ӵ¡СҪ
ܹɡסָֻǶһ˲˿սеĻ
˱ܣεЦЦ֣ҰɣҰûߣ㡣
СûֻҡҡͷϸȰ²һֱҵģǰҲ㣬Ҳòҡ̫ˣԺ󻹻ܶˣֻһ΢ˣֵġ
ܹҲǻ˲ʵˮЩؿ
գգۣ˳۽Ϲ΢Сˮ顣
СԲ𡣡
֪ܹΪķǸ
ݵǶʱգвһ˿ԹҲûеġںζںܹԵõĴʱѹ
ںͲѹˣҲ׵¡
ûʲôԲҵģ֮飬ûϵ
ǻѡԼҪǸҪǸ
ֻǲ̫ˣܹֻܳΪҪ
ֽɡݸ
ʪˡ
ձߴżʪžмǱ
ҲСݹߣԹԵض£ֱŻ
кܶ໰˵˵Լε˵ٻѾúïʢˣ˵Լ˶жҪ
ɴĿ⣬һлﶼĿڣƵѹһ
ֺãƵƽ
СǲҪòá
С֣ܹΪʲôԽܣӦҲ˰
ֿοԺϰˣԺҲҪ뿪ǵģܻˡҲҪȢӣǱͲʲôҪ˷Ѷľˡ
ˡ֣Ǵʹܹۣ˫Ŀ΢΢죬ӯˮ⡣
Сɫݣ˵ĻҲУͺΪǡ
ܹҲȥ޴תͬȥĽŲʧյĴݡ
¶£еӳϨĻ硣
ֽĻҽˮʪʯϡʣһЩƮƮתת˺档
һ̫żնԶˡ
˼ѾǳƷԱֻȴµլۡɨϣʰŰȥ
ʰڹӼ൷˼ΣĹøҲ֣һֱҪξ
ʰĸĸսɳһµΨһһжĹøĸ˵ʲôֻھǡ
СԺɨɾˣʹһǹס˽ȥ
Сû㣬ԼҲŰȥģĸŮȥ̷Сʳӡ
ȽߣԶ˵ʲôϣ˾ôĪķֿסˡ
ʰĹøҲȰΣʰˣ͵͵СȰ
ҲȰʰһͬճȥӼ࣬ʲôϴӦˡ
ԺСһտãӾֵܿøߴĹ
СľƵĵذ壬ϥ̯һμǡ
ܾѵҩҶߴٵúҩˡ
˵ŽһǸݹȥСһۣʵ̫ӽô𣿡
ܾΣ
Сӹҩһȥǵҩ֭Ѿϲˡ
С㣬ˡŮһ
䣬ֳ˹°Ͷ˵ﲡĿû˼Ҵ㿴Щġ
С顣ȥģ
򣬺ʰȻû㡣һҲǣҲܴ棬ڸ߰ɣӶء˵Ӻ͹ԵӹϵǳǶһ㲻뿴
ĻȷʵЩĶģԥһ˷ʱˣȥûء
ܰһȥ𣿡ʱ߶Ӻܾˡ
ааɣһ㣬Ȼɼ㺫ˡ                        
лҪ˵flagԺÿ9¡


 31 

ʱ, ط򸾹̵ܽúϣнӴ, ȥ˶ĵطҪĻ˾ǲŵԴϢ, ˵ܴȥ￴ЩӸǴ, Ҳ, ҲʹӦ, һ·϶鼤, ͣżӸ˵Щʲô
߳, С
Сû°ɣ
ҲŤͷȥֻСɫ԰ףü𣬿ųһԲǲܡ
ôˣ
С, ͷ, һ
һ
ӻǽ, Сȫ̯ˡ
СεЦЦҲġ
ŰɣϾ͵ˡ
, ǲڹġ
С˿߳һ, ȻֻнŲʵϲܰġ
һ·, ܶ⣬ЩС˼Ҳм, ֱԵǻʥʮֳ谮ӴǰȥฮһݴΪˮãúǼ޸˹ԡ⹬Ƕ˿ɶء
ϺβʣСƯ𣿡
ƳһۣüûƯ
һĬĬŵСڳԶСǰϲܽ𣿡
ǾƽСˮʱҲڣΪʲôܽҪˡ
ȻԿŲ컹úܣҲ˾ŵڣֲǳԺζĵ˵ӡ˳ɻʱΣŵǷ޺ܽʲôֵϲģԻϹһӲɣ
Свû˸еϲˣ̲סʣǰϲôأЩҲǼٵģҪ𣿡
ƺʳֻɻؿ
˾ֻԼķϲҲ˰й˴ؾͺˡ
ܲԼֻԼһˣٺõҪȢ̣뿪ͺˣҲʲô᲻õĶ
СΪʲôͲһһ⣬ֻȢһӡ뵽˽֪ȻֻȢ͡һӡҲʲôˡ
񽭿ֱӣҲԼ̡
Ǻױĵġ
-
ȣŮȲ·صļаᱡɴһɫȹջζòޡϵĹǶʱʱǿȥ
ܹվһעĵطԶԶؿСֱ̧ڱչӡ
ȥܾɡվչ¡Ըߵˣͷе
ܾ֮ǰһϺõϣԼһ˽ӡΪСһ塣屻ѩѩ˱㱻˼񵽣ϼշתֻص
Ǻ޼ҪߣҲҪĶһˡ
ܹ֮żûٳСǰ
ĻҲЩ˼
СķˣҲĲ⡣
Ŵγ֣ƻֻԽᷳ
̫֮λ㿪ʼȨЩҵȨܿա
֪˱ȥ룬ѲΪ壬ȵʱǡʱ򣬼ĹλҲ׾١
ڿԻסСҲȨ⡣
ѾںЩˡ
ȥҰ͸Сܹʹס۵ƻް
ա
ܹԳһЦ
աΣֻԼ
ε˶գСɢˣãȴʰǣСﻹһӵơ
׷ȥȴƾʧ㣬ôҲ
Ѻֻһжʵķˡ
빬ʵҲİš
ЦǣֻԶԶؿţǰܴ
֮ϣĻ
ܶһƥ쿥۽ĳ
ʰһխۣϡԶԶС̳֡
ܶҲ˹ӿ̨ϵҲע⵽Сͽ
˭ôû
Ҳûأ⺫ǽĽʿڵİֵܣȻϵǣָʲôء
ôһ𣿡
ܽûŮһҲԼǵĶԻĿͣСϡ
򴽣Сȥ
ܾĺܵȻɡ
СЦӯӯ˵ŻǼŵһ
С
һỽϵЦˡ
ΪʲôܽҲ
֪ܽҲڣôġ
˵ףǰฮʱ򣬽ܽҲٺ˵ڽܽҲƲʲôᡣ
ֻ˱ϾǺѪʮ꣬;û񺮣ִҲ޷ġ
ܽ˲ϸϸۣ֬µɫǿס۰׵Ѫ˿ȴԣǿųɡ
һ͵ЦСþòЩʱտɻã
СûʣӲص˵ͷҺܺá
ܽʵǲȥ𣿸׺ĸ⼸նģһֱϣܻظӻţÿն˴ɨֻĶ̫Ӱˡ
һֻܸҩˣģ̫оͺƽһɢ
ΪʲôĥΣСȴòɱòϲ
Ҳ㣬֪û£ʵǸˣû˯š֪ԹңǰգȥģԹңҲûһˡĸϴ棬֪ͺӹϵܣϲҿȥҸ顭ܽ˵ţ˸ƺһգۣˮҪˡ
ܾЦһ£뿴СôӦ
ܽһĻȻ˵СģǾйŮĹֶΣֻ輸仰ܻܰһ˵
˼Сʵ˵Ѫ飬Լļ˺˻죬ŵ˽ˡ
Сһͷˮ֪ܽö˶˸ô˵
𣿡߹дá
˻һЩС۵СǶͣˣ۾ȵؿ
ܽϵЦȴʲô˼
˼ҼǵӲã㲻ôջ뵽򡣡
ۡ
֮ǰôζƫƫվˣƣͲ˵ˡ
Щƺ뿤޹ء
ԵĳСҲˣȫʼעĶ
Сô˻ˣֱŲǹŨˣһ԰ܾ˵ܽϵ㡣
ϰҩζȻŵŨЩͷˡ
ܾҲ֣ôص㣬Ϊסʲôζ
ڵѽܽˣվ˱߿ŷܶ⣬һ
ܶҲע⵽㰡ǰǼ
СŮӽлӾ֮
ʰǣһ߲һ߳С߹˳ڵ˶Ұݸ̨ϵ
ȻбϿɬĽǿ˰ɣ
С˵ͷǡ
ʰüǱɵüӰѾһصŮɲǼ׵¡
˵ţͼɫʱֲÿˡ
ϵϣС̫ӵ½ġ
͸һ˿Ҳޣչ·ӨӨСϳ˵ģֻǵ񹤱Ƚһ㡣
ʰСһ£ȻҡҡͷҲҪ㻹̫Ӱɡ
лҪ˵ⱾŸտʼѪŰҲģԺû̫ӻûѪҪһļĶ߽ʡ
Ȼֹһ˿ˣҾ˵һΰɡȡԡɽ֮ʯԹ񡣡
нʯĥ˼Ĳõ

 32 

չյ, 񱼵Ҳ̨ͣϵĹǡ
˲ź˲, ٴֲ纫ʰ, һĬ
֪ͬĺʰ࿴˳, ˼, бض, Ҫ˵ʲôο
, ȥ̨Ǳڲ, ԽԽˡСӿɶˣһƯһûء˵Ľ۵ĸ첲ʾǷȥ
Ťͷɿʰ˶Ұݸ̨ϵŮӡ
ס͵һ۾ɴˡ
ֹͬⲻ̫ӵ㡭
δ, 𾪵Ͱ͵ġҡ, ⡭Ůʲôˣ
û, ӭŴĿĹ߿Сȴҡҡͷ, Ǿܾ˰ǰĶ
֪ΪΣ˿˿ĳС
ʱ뵽ѰҽܽӰ, ȴˡ
ۺͬк, 뿪˲ݳ
Сվڿ̨ϣǸŰͷִؽ, ˵̫ӵķԸ²Ҳӣգ̫ӱضҪ𷣵ġ
ҲʶСã֪鷳һ±һ¡
΢΢Ȼֽӹ
ŷȥˡ
ʰһ´ƺЩʲôƬ̺С벻ѧ
ͷϵĺʢϸĹ⡣
ʵȴʹĵͷˡ
ӡʰƺԼô졣
Ȼ̫͵ģŰɡ
ʰС̫ӵĹϸȴҲ֪Сص̫ߡ
̫Ǿǳ
ûʸ̫һСǲ̫ϣǱ˵ˡ
ܹ̫ӣϲҲС̫λãִһ˲š
Σ
СҪߣܾһѳȥ˵С
ʰŷӦãС۾ܲסʧõ̫ϧˡ
˵ǰܾģҾȻ¶ˡ
ܾĵЦ
СЦ˵û°ԼˣǰܾҲżǵá
ǰ㣬һƹ͸ɡϣ۵͸ͨתĹͬꡣ
ܾܿͽ۵˻ͣ۾
֪֪
һ˵Ӱʧܹϣվλó
Ƭ̣гһ˵Ӱ
һɫҰڵѾˡ
۾ֱȥͣҰǰҰڽŵף
ܹ΢ţ򽪳۵Խ
*
գʰ֪úܶ⿪ʼ
СҲʼԼ¡
˼ΪŮѧ²ףҲͲȰ˵Լ͸һݾʿĵӣſܲΪԺ
СֻǸûûҵСڿظû˶˵һػͻȻ˵ҪŮѧֻ֪֪Ҫμ
ʰܲס˵ĵѣҲˮһյĴȰ˼Σȥˡ
СŰܾ¶ڰݷþеʿһ·
ŮѧЦֻѧŮѧֱߵܻ׳
ŮֻڹϰŮ룬ʶּɡӺ롭
ֲƾʲô飬
ϷȥһŮֱ룡
Ů޲űǵ£ŮѧǴСˣ˵˰ŮѧƱҪͷ¶棬𡭡
Щȫ˵룬Ӻ࣬ǽŮһܴ
ͳСҲ𽥵һ˲ҡˣΪʰ˵ҲǶԵġҲֻһ˲Щ˵ĻԽףǿУŮֻһģ˳ڼУ룬ۡ
ӦǱˣɻҲͦİ
վһľǰ̧Ҫţֱȴͣڰճٳû¡
ղλʿĻڶߣԼͣڽôܴ죬л⡣
С֣ʧ䣬԰ܾ˵Ҫǻȥɡ
ܾһۣԼȥˡ
ôˣҲһ
Сһ´ǿųЦ⡣
֨ѽһ򿪣ŵһλͯӡ
ݷġ
ͯӴСһۣͷɡ
īƣ԰޲š
Ӱ͸ӡϰɫϣ÷׵磬Ȼȴ͡
ϵͬɽʯĹ֣϶ࡣ
£˵һڣôԽӽ
Сһ񣬽еĿһһ֪ͬ˵˲֪ٱĻظ
ԼҪһˣʹͷȴϿڡ
ȻеĻٳûеֻһ̾Ϣ
̾ϢΣȴûз˼
С̧ϵ۾ǣԾɴķâ
Ϸ㣬˾ΪΣ
ûж룬ʵʵ˵ΪŮиѡ񡣡
ѡأ
СҡҡͷҲ֪Ҳ߱ɽȥԼδķ羰
ѡŮѧкθɣ
ֻ룬ѡŮӦҲеġһǶʶˣѧĶøأ
ϵɫ΢ЩãѡӣһµµΪΣŮѧкá
ӣΪİ֮ϴʹǻϲ£Ǳ㲻µµΪˡֻʶ֣ܹ鲻¡
ûظֻ֣˵ȥɣ»ҪϷ롣
ʮΨһһûдСˡû𸴣ҲڻҰп˹Ǵ΢Ļͬܵ裬ȼյøʢˡ
ȥʱСϴϲŲ˲١
˰ܾȥĸ첲
һַɳɳ죬ҶӰӻζϣһ˵Ĳ೤ۡ
϶λãȥ֮˵¡
յеϵĿӳ峺ĲˮƵܹǳЦϡ
Ůͬһ㣬ֻ̫֪
֪ѣ˭ֵַأܹ̬ǫͣȴģ˿¡
һ񣬷ֻأ
ߣ㶼ˣܲ𣿡һ˿ܹĺò裬١
լʺ񣬶ʿŰ帯࣬һСѿ̱ܹЦ˵Źά䣬̹ˣǿ⵱̫ӿ޵ķҲҪˡ
뵽̲ס棺β̹£͵͵ʲô
Ҵǰ⣬ԸңĪҪ֪
϶Щ˵鰮ǺúܣʵѲɾôţһֱ
ϵЦⲻ۵ףʹŲյƯĲҶ۵˼ƫִ
Ȼᡣ
*
صܹȥݼʺˡ
δ߽ڣߴߴĺͻʺ˵ûꡣ
İʵ̫ˣһ벻ͨǲ̫Ӹˮˣʵ̫ˣҲǸġ
ܹһЦ˵ûе£ϡ
һ˵꣬㿴ϵһ֧Ϥʹס
ʯ͸ת
ůڵĴϣֻù̵ѪҺڴ˿̱
˿ǲòϣСܴ֪͸һܿҲһʲô˼
Ҫ֪һУԾ޷ʹת⡣
ŵˣæʣôˣ
̫ӣǺιʣʺʧ̬ϲá
ܹ񻺻һĨЦ·ʲôҲûз
ͷϵӣɷһ
СҪϵģʱòԾæ
ܹӹһԲ뿪ˣӰ˿˼
лҪ˵ǽշݵĸ£
˵Ȿģһģǰʮллҵ֧֣


 33 

Ժλúܰ, ܿ˳ֵĽУԺҲ˾ס
ĸŮСֻһ, ͻԶ
ܾ˵, С, ǿϿ, ֻ, Ժʱ򶼼ΪټϺʰȥ, Ψһûˡ
ŮڿԺɹ̫, СӰ
СԺܳ𣬽ôûͰ׹ȥҷˣ
С̫ɹůڣֻоͷֵģһҲ붯ɤЩ̫ҽҪҿ, Ͳȥˡ
ôӲ, ǿϧ, ĲǴ̥ģ
ǰǰԴ˶, ҩˡԽԽС
ǹŮѧܰҲʶ֣ԺҲմ⡣
ֻһ, Ӧ, ûŮ̧ͷۣŷ˯ȥˡ
Сбʹͷ, ˿Ħ
ܾСѣȻʲôŮһ߳Ժӡ
ܿ죬һ˽
ŮϵĲ˶ˣ۵ؿͻȻֵ̫ӡ
ܹһָڴߣҡҡͷʾⲻҪ
ߵ˯СǰۿкƷӿꡣ
СߣǾĬ
˷紵Ҷ죬ֻʣƽĺߡ
۽Ǻɫȹսַֿٽ
СʶĴ࣬ͷʱ¶һεĲִƻһ۾Ͷϡ
ܹĺ𵱳ฮʱʱԼ˵ʱ˵˵ž˯˹ȥֻôһҲССһš
żҲΪ̫ۣĿС
ʮңԶ
֪ʱǸᱧ硱СѾôԶˡ
Ҳ˵¡ʱɣǸʱ򣬶˾͸һǵ
Сָϸָ͸ŵ΢ۣڹ͸űǰĹ
ܹưָȴλͣˡ
Ҫ¾ԸпԶ
ԭϲһˣҲлϲҲǻĿɬ
ҪǵʱһʶԼ⣬ûģǲǻ͹ȥһ
ЩʱգΪȨֺӵܵ£ֵǲɿʶѵΡ
վԺ⣬ų֦ͷ٣Զĵطһܲľͬ⣬صͺ㱻ͨͨɢ
֮ǰͷϵǴЩԹģɾؿȴƽ
ʲôԹģ޷ǹܡ
ֻһͺֻһҲ
ֻҪСţܻὫסҲ
ãСϵͷһ£ЩҪѹܹһıţһҲˣס
˭ֻ֪СƵĵ˸ͷһܹæֻס˳ſ°ļ򣬺ƽ
Ůɵˣſˡ
ܹ񼸺ǰűסСΥٴ뻳Ƭ̵ʧȦסֱ۶
ֱ˯죬Żһűķ˿ᵽϵҩ㡣
ܾҴţ˭Ҳҳ
ո߸ϵ̫˵΢СرԼˣ˭ƻ˿Ѱ·
Ϊ̫Ѿã֪ºֻڱ棬ɱϣ˾Ҳκߡ
ƫƫôһԵˣĲǰȴź顣
˾ϡ棬ĻΥ͡
úܹС
۽޲˲ķ˿סգʶﹰ˹
ܹһЦֻûŮӯ޹ǣǱһֻè
żձ߶ĴݷʿСȷʵ۵òУ˯žͲ֪ذʱ˱ݸϱҲ֪
ʱѾˣյģž˺¡
ܾ
ܾҩ
ˣҩɡ
ô˯ôãұ𣿡СЦҹɫУǹÿرС
ܾɫһ˲ĲȻܵӦһ
˯ŵʱ̫ҽˣ˵ҩֶһҩҩԡҪݣʣٴӳ顣
ٺȵҩˣаҲð֪Ժˡ
⻰ܾ̲ס˸ۡ
Ϊ
ȹЩӣ֪ŮѧǶѵˡ
һλʿΪʱѩ䣬סڽɽĵ
ǰΨһһλŮ٣дµʫҲ̳ȴ忴Լһˣ뾡취裬һʼ£òηҲ˵һ㡣ʱѩ뿪ˣ͵ɽУٲǵ
Сɽ۵òͣȼ۵ʱȶڷȹҲմЩ
ʱѩѾᣬǻףϻҵĳϣﻹֻԲĻè
ȻϣȴҲԼʱòӦɫƽӹڵ֡
Сʫģ֮ǰͼͰܾ˵˺ö࣬ʱѩ䣬ֽŵز֪Ǻá
ʱѩۣбǸĴˣԺСѾͷ
ȣʱ֪ң
ҿɵ⼸ճ˵أ֪˵ʲô𣿡
СͷԼܲµˡ
˵룬֪ߵغ˵һëѾͷڳԣ׵ߵ¡ʱѩԹԵ˵ɽ˫ЩͲظˡ
Сɫ΢΢죬վʱѩǰЩ֪롣
ǻм˵òһ㣬뷿Ҳ¡ʱѩ䵭Ƴһۡ
ǰδ˵ֻСէһոˣǺߣġ뵽֮ǰǼԴǵȴҪ˵⻰ˣʵڿӳҲûаȴҲû˻ۡ
ΪʦӡӲģ
ʱѩҡҡͷ̾ϢһܲסˣȻ֪Σӻ˵ΨŮСҲΪӣͻ㾴㣿
˵ֵͷӻèٿС
ȰĪùһذɡ
ܵסأҲ˷飬ʷϵı䷨߶ҪѪģҰŮѧзԷҲΪ塣С˵Եû
ʱѩۿˣϻŵЦЦ㵹Ȥ˭ҵĹ
ǰͿҵˡ
ʱѩüͿܵԺұӣǲù
Сɫ΢죬룬еģӦò۸ɡ
ʱѩЦһƲ˵˼ֲ ڰ˵ȥɣԺҪиģ룬Ҿɽ㡣
ܳɲŽ£²ǹվͿŻع뷿廨ˡ
С˼лŰܾɽ
ҲᣬҲҪˡ
ȹŲʵ߶ȹǷʵƻ˹ҪҰҰݼ䡣
صԺʱԺǰվһµ꣬һñֱɡ
СĲͣ£ҲĽŲΪþδڣɤмָƣСҵĺҪˡ
ָ˽ɫЩסΪʲôҪ˵ЩĸӵĲ𣿡
תһѿĿЦ
ǰҲЦǳ裬ȫǶӵġ
û۶¶Ц
ԸģΪǱƭ𣿴һʼ֪Լʲô³ȴ᲻ϽҵĻᡣ˰ɣ֪ʲôˣʱʱʹ裬ΪԸ𣿡˵ţۿ˺죬Ҳθ˼֡
Сһƽģ˿ΪĻΪʲô˾ҪΪԼۣ
㲻Ը⣬Ϊʲô˵۲֪һŻʼˡ
ΪûãҲ˵Ը⣬ֻûѡҪѡϣһԽԶԽáʱ˿̣Թڱۼ˳˵һֱû˵ڵĻоеһ˿ҾһҶܿ£ܶģ㡣
˵ۣΪң     

 34 

ô, ޲ȥΪʲôңСŷ, , ǽۡ
ǳ۫, ԼĽ㰮˼, Ը˺İȡ
Ҳǽָ֪߸, ĺƫװα, ǽִܽС, ˵ѪĴС㡣
۲ǴСôᡭ֪ʲôʱ򣬻ܸų۫ԵʣͿʼڳԣʹ죬˶֪˼㡣
Щ⾿ôģҲˡҵʲôʲôϵҲûУ
۱ɱֱ, վǰԵøߴ, ʱٿ, ȴֲˡ
µĲ֦ͬѩѹ䣬һسȥ
Ƭ̺, һǵͷûп, ҧг, ѹŸӵС˵öԣȷʵ㡣
̧, ۣȴ¶˵ڽһЦǶ⣬ĪҾҪ㲻ʹ죬ҾҪ㣬ֵΣˣҲǽҵˡ
ܾŽۣʵǲԾȻʲôط˵
СᣬֻǱ軵ˣת߽Ժ
ûˣԶǴһ˾Ī
Ȼ뿪ĽŲԽԽ
ת
ʰ˸ǹյͣȻƵĹӳ
üһƵЦôţҴ򣿡
սȭ
ܾСݣԺĶ
Сɻ󣺡ʲô
ܾ£ˡ
Ŷص˵ͷǰߡ
ʰȽ۵ҪǴСϰģܿͰѽú޻֮ݻˡ
ȻԺлС˵վ˼οʱͻȻʹˣŵһؿ
磿
ʰһС㡣
-
˲ԺĵذϣĹϣӰԼ˼į
Ҫ𣿡˫ַϥϽսҲõ䡣
ʰᶨǰұߣڱ߹ŰգͼռǵĳǳأҪסҵסĹǻȪ֪һǸöӡҹøǲҲξΪҺãҲӺɷΪסɽͷ­ѪĸԸгһսɳҲ
Сֻýҹĺʰװǿգÿģ
Ǿۿᣬգգۣ䡣
û뵽ô죬ȻһЩʱܶߵյĲڣһʱ䶼ýˡ
ǰЩʱҲб̵ģȴֻ󲻳Ǻģ
䲻սɱҲ֪Ҫ˵ģǲ֫ϱۣѪɺӡ
֮ǰڽʱ˵һо롣
СӲ˲˿ǻҡҺ¡زػһε˲
ʰεԴôˣô᲻ң
ͷĸˡҪĻһָͷ٣ҲҪͷ­Ѫúû
ʰͻȻЦһֽ§ģұ֤Ļ
βȥãҲûôأ˵ˣֲ̾ߣʲôһҪ׽ءȱ½ʱһ㣬һҪҰ
ҹɫŵĹ⣬
ǽѩһң˵ĺʰõˡ
*
Ҳӵʱ򣬽ܽٴβ
ֵһСԺŮʹൽ˻Ƶ|ฮɥʧǵĿ޺;ı
֪ڽܽԺվã죬˼һš
ɵССȾȽܽȴֹ̫ǹء
˿֪ʲôԸһʼûж˼ҲẦһһˣһж޿أ޷ͣ¡
ֱеĿ޺Сˣ֪̾һ̤߽ԺӣŮһɫɷһƬ
һ£ʶԾ͵ؼӿ죬ƿ
ܽΪˣ԰׵ϴۣһƬڲסࡣ
̴¯˿˿ƵһβߵСߡ
ͷ¯ߣָ΢΢
͡ҵ˹ȥ뵲ǰ¯Ҳɨϣȴ֪һԡ
һǻ㣬ִζ
֪ܽˣȴǲ಻̰ܿ¯е̡
֪켣ô꣬ԼҲǳȨ󣬶ζİ
ĲΪѰʫ飬һΪٻѬ㣬ʹƮƮɣʹ֪ԡһβĶǻʹ˳Ķҩȴ˴˾ǹӵܵ
ֱȥ̫꣬ӵٻΪҩҩɱͷҩҩͬ
ۼԼһεѧ³ʱҩ񫷢ŰĭӰϹȥ
ظԳ͡˵˴¡
ʱɫӣΪǶԡٻų
ͿʼܽҩΪų⣬·Ŀ־壡
֪뵽Ǹѧ񫷢ڵŤģаǾŭֻǰһƬڣվԭؾþöٶ
θһӿڻ͵ػ˳͡һ⡣
͡ˤڵأɢңŷӿ޳߿ޱԹ޵˵ţ˵һӶҺãȴִң˵ֻҪһˣ榣˸ˣڳģ㣡ܽʹҪô죬ҵŮֻҪùʲôܲˣа취κҷʲôƢ
֪ĿѣĿЩˣָŽܽ˵ùΪԼΪã֪ˣǺҪ˭⣬ǲǳ۫ǲǣ
δйһ͡Ϊ£ѵõĺŮӣί¼޸
͡˫ĿҲź죬˻ƵںͲҪˣ˵ԼǼ˶ģȴȥסܽʹȥȴԵŮңûܽˡܽˣԵŮΪŮһ㻹ˣǲǣ
ˣֱ˵˵ҺԲ㣬ôֻ࣬Щ
࣬ɺ˫ĿָáȥĶ鶼˺ѿﻯɷĵ˰̣صŧѪһδοڽбݲУ񱻲ʳҶɿݺһӡ
۽ͣϢ˽ʹǱûһеʤĿС
֪ӴϢſǰ˯ȥĽܽý޵ݣٵлĻһ緢ƿݰܡ
͵һŶȥ
һ߳ԺţΪС˼Ҵܽ˵үӻǱ߳ˣȥɣ˲Ÿɾ͸ȥˡ
*
Է԰п۫ͷţкҪʶôǰ˵õģԣҡ
ͷһʱ䣬㽫˨ȥźͳ۫ϡ
۫ΪȻڷһЦ֣Ѻӱɡ
ʱͻȻͳһЦ˵۫ǶģȫҶȥ
۫ɫһ䣬ʱŭһ䡣
˳⧲ȥȿ
㣬㲻ҪҵĺӣҲû
˵ʲôƨ۫Ҫһŭȡ
۫                        

 35 

ͻת, ó۫ȫû뵽Ϊ꺢ӵʧķ, Ȼô˵
Ҫҳ, ֲŸ·, ͼ͵һ, ͷײſ, Ƶ
۫˶ɵ, 㶵ؿԼ, ˸ղŽ֪ŭһָͷ˵ˡ
еԻ󱻽֪һȭɢ
۫ҹһΣͲٽฮĴš֪ȭͷ߬, ˫Ŀɺš
ӽ, ǻȼŻƵ, һ·ԽԽ۫۸ʱ, Żһ¾ˡ
ʲôָֻ, Щ߰, Ҫฮðô꣬˴»кãôûǸƷķϹ, ̼ҵҵ㶪ˡ
ָų۫ıɫ죬ŭһŹȥҿ㡣
С󣬳۫Ǳŵһĸţ͡ǴΪ̯ӡ
ûֱ׵ָ
۫ŭȴֲҶԽ֪ЩʲôŴһۣݺݵƭģ
ҵڵϱ˷ţײһ˿ڻѪմЩϵĻңֱҲˤڵʱĲˡ
۽ǹᣬɫ԰ӵŽ֪
һʱ䣬Ǳݺݳһ¡
Ȼ˵źӲ榡
˵һ䣬ȥҡ
ܾײίؿ޳
үߺӺòãǵĺӡ
֪Żеˣֱۻս
榣Ҫٹ
ȵ۫뿪Ժﰲֻʣºӵµǵӣ˼
֪ĵطʮǰСǸʱ򽻴ˡ
ʱζԴ榣
룬־û㱣ʱᣬӽСתˣû
֮ǲһʼǴƭ
榺վǲһˡ
Ϊٶ꣬һҲҵ˼Ƕ޴ĽǴ˼ġ
ǺɵŮӣҲǰһ仰Ҳû
һฮὫĸӷֿպฮҪҶᲹ㡣Ҫʲôø
үֻܲܶʣүһˡҿУĨ
֪˶٣ԥ뵽ʲôúӦ˾䡣
á
*
ʰҪ£˼ͽֻ֪Сһ˵
Ϊ᲻úʰСżնԺҪģӡԺ
ʰЦֲǲˣôһֱɥ
Сҡͷǲһ´λͲһˡ
һҰֲģʲôһģС档Ҫһˣ϶̲ÿǲǾͲϲˣ
뵽ʰϱѪӣۿһᣬôۣǸһۡ˵ҪúûĻ
һҪ޵ģʰҲٶˣʵЩ˵Ժôˣ뵽𣿡
СҡҡͷûСôˣϻδ𸴣ǲԸɡ
㿴ɣ˵ʲôţЩ˰ƲŮˣôڸԣû»Ҫ˼䡣ŮӶ顣Ҫ˵㲻翪ĵģĪЩ¡ЩʿҲǲ˵ģһһ׵ģ޻֮С˵ҲܲµЩ˶˵ʲô
СǸС͸ǵĻţԸЩ¸Ϲϵȥ˱߹أС۸ô죿
磬ԡС֣Ҳû֮ǰһ񶨺ѹˡ
֪ϣòô˵ģÿ˶ҪʵԼ̫Լʲôá֪ǶԵ£Ҫȥ
ʰ̾˵֪ɽл㻹ƫɽУɵѾͷ
뻢Ѩɵûӡ
仰ЦСԴҳֻҪ㲻Լľͺã϶վߵġ
ȵĺϵ͵Ժ
ฮϢҲ
ة֪˽Сðٻŭɶ˳̷˺ĵܵܡ
ִܹʵֲͣ٣ĵ֪ȻڲŲЩ֪ܽ˵׼ܽⶾƹ֮ǼˣҲѹֱŪڹƼ䡣
С£Žʷ£Щˣɼˣ
ص£ˡ
һ̫ӵ£

˪ĥݶɣܶ⣬۵ȥһϿһ
ʹӦˡ
ܹԴ²⣬ʺȴŭ֪ȡ޷ܶͻڽ¡ȡûϵġ
ֻúЦôˣΪĸԾɲģøʽķϣһԼִԲ
֮ˣ㱰µȥ۰
֣ĸôҲ߽ܶоͼͣϻмֽ㻹һȥɣڹڡ
̧ܹۣ˼ֻЦһ޹أ㰲±ǡʶΪˣʱȥʲô
ܶҲᣬȻܹ񿪿ˣɽԺʵӣҽΣ첻ֻԸ꣬ıҲȥᵹǸ֮ţֻǻΪҪ
ܹ񴽽ĨǳЦ⣺룬Ҳ룬ֶΪ
ںʰСĹϵ֪һЩģΪܹӣȵúʰ˭֪ȴñķӡ㾹Ȼһ˻ǸСأɴˡ
ܶѿڶĻٴЩ̽ദóʰǸܹ꣬һۼ
ܹ񵭵һۣ䣺ͺҡ
˻һܹ˼ﻹЩԼˡС
ܶСʱܹеı΢΢ͣ٣ڱʼī£һŨڵĻ
Ҳ֪
*
ͬԺѧĵڶգСһͺͰܾʰԺ
峿Ϣ΢ݵζ
СԺžֻ峿̷ҩȥš
һ򿪣ûԤеϡ
߰С֣ͷСһСӵĹɻգ£Ժ𣿡
Сһ£漴㻶ϲʣѧ𣿡
ԭѽ
һΪƭ˵ġ
𣿡
˵С˵ˣ˵߳Ժ̽ͷ
˲ӣǽɣԺ
ǷģԺҪ𣿡
СЦһλķӣûֻһ
СɻŮİôӣ
ŮΪʲôӣС£Сһһ˵
ûŮӡһšüëƺĻ϶ƭӡ
ҲûŮѧԲԣǵһŮѧǵһŮӣͷλŮѧǲǺ𣿡
Сͽ˵ò֪ηֻ֪صͷ
һʲôͻȻʣǶǲҪܶǮ
СסˣʶԼ©˶Ҫ£ЩµؿܾһûЩô죿                        
лҪ˵ƼûѵģƾԲıбϣҿȥ
ǰʮ۷
ᡷ򾪴
Ըԣʱϲ׷úҡ
˶˵к³ƫа
׷
Ҳ鵽ˣʲôûк³
ط꣬Ķͷ˾һ
ʹ˼ʹԶһ㡣
ͬΪܴơĳһ죬˾ͻȻǰŮѵԡ
ĳŮͬ¼ᷢԣʲôϹұ࣬ʲôˣӢʿĽŮ˺ˣ浱ܿ
ײһĻ˴ָ׵ʿаɣѹͷǸġ
䣬ۼ⣬ƳһϤӰ⡣
ӲͷƤ칫ҽͣԲܣһʱ죬ûж뷨˼Ҫᡣ
ָ̣Ƥû뷨
ûС
𣺡С
˹ᣬӴҲӲĸ塣
x粻
*/ƾԲ


 36 

ڿԺǰ, Сȥѯʹ˼Ҳ׼Ҫþ鼮
ȻҪһ, ԺǮӦȡ١
ܾܸһ, ҡҡͷ, ˵Ȼȥ, , Ժջδ
Сֱı뿪Ժ, Сȥ, Ҳû˺˼
ؽԺΪ˲ţӶΪԼܿȡҲǮȡĻᡣЩҾƶѧӣҲֱԺ
ǶӣŮǲһġ
С뵽ǸſڱƭǮ޵С, ĵҲǮԺ
ʱ, Ͼˡ
Ժģ, ǲСҵôõط
˺裬С˵Լ뷨
ֻǰܹ, Ҳûʲô뷨˵ġ
ֱС˵ԺǮһڲˮǺʼԡ
, Ůһʱˡ
ϵıѾԵ˵ԼĶԴµĿ
С֪Լ˵ֻ, ȻҪЦ޴ġ
֮ǰѾáŮӶвͬӶ˵ȥ, ŮȴȻ޷μӿƾٿԣҲ̳չ¶ѧŮһֲʶ˳Ц衣ЩܳǮŮԺ˼ңҲ˽ЩԸŮӶ˼ңƫƫǲҪʶֵġԺΪ˽ˣŮʶ֣ҪЩΪǮǲǱĩ𣿡
˵ôһΣϵɫ΢ˣȴһԼ˵ˣŮӲÿƾ٣ҲŮӶʶ֡ͼһʱʣñ᲻֪ϽɢǮҲգĩ˲գֵ𣿡
ϲ˾ͺãܻﵽһЩġҰǣҲԺȥˣ߽ԼŮʶ֣ԺʶֵҲ࡭
ҡҡͷ̾˿
Ǹն
ڶգԺĸСѾͷŶʮ꣬ϿΣֵֹġ
˵ҪǮ͸߸˵ѧСʶ֡
Ͼ̫ٶˣСʮѧͱ
Сʮÿܾѧ
ȻѧΪõ̫ף鵱һǲе壬ҲҪ顣
СΪ˽ʶ̵ֽÿڸĸС̨Ҫ߶
Щӣ˵ʶҪרģЦ֣ǱٳˣҪҵĻ
ĸСѾͷʱתʶ֣κΰʱѧһš
С̾˿߹ȥһʶ֡
ڽһСдԼʱԱһţ̨򷭣ī֭ȫõСȹϡ
վζŲЦˡ
Ժô򵥵£鷳
ѧģ޴롣
С̲ˣ߳ѧá
ܾԺеЦȻҲ
Լѡ·ҪԼߣС鷳㶼ڲƽʵʵ
С˰ԼȹӣСϲһϴɾô찡
ܾбһۣ𽣴߹
Сɻؿ߽ѧãһʲôصžСŮ˷ĺޡ
æܽȥżĸС϶һŵī
ʲô
īɢ䣬һǽ塣
м͸ǵĿֱ׳İܾ
Сⳡ
תȥһһǺ͸㣬һȥ
ں棬Ҫˡ
ǹģҪҵӵС￴ȹˣ޵
СʣҵȹҲˣǹ𣿡
Сֲ˵ˣС˵ȹӱŪ˶ޣҵȹҲϲڱŪˣǲǿң
һҪ⡱Сɫˣ׷׿ʼжΡ
֪ʩˡ˼𣿡
ĸСͣ϶ã
СԸŮˮϴ֣ǳ˶ƽ¿ʼΡ
ҸǽղǾ仰˼
һͨĩ˲ѧһõѧҲֻǿŤŤдĸ֡
ĸССľƣֻ֪շ
ȥ·Űɡܾ˵꣬СŲ
տ϶ˡСЩܣȻ֪ŮѧǼѵ£Ӧ׼ȴֲסһͱĸСѾͷػ
ֻǾ棬Ҳ顭㻹ſˡ
ƺЩˣ˵˲ҪǮ͸³رһ£ԸԳòκλرʲôġǲøܵõʶֵĻᣬӲϧˣҲһշΪ˵ǲҰһ̫򵥣ʵŸոտʼ
ˣ㻹Щûáܾ˵Ҳ£Խôġ֪İɣһ˰Ůѧʲôá
һԡԺ˵ɣ͵źˡСԭĻش𣬼Ȼ·Ҫ߿߶Զڿʼͷ
֪ڶղҲû̫ϣ
ʰҪˣҪȥΪС
ʹԷǺӵĴ뾩ˡ
ʰһ۾ͿȺΨһɡĹ̲ס
СŴĻʰЦݺ᲻ܿƵĿʼ߿ޱߵߡ
硭
ɵѾͷôֿˡʰͷվɡףΪĨȥᡣ
СǾӨˮ⡣
ʰһ£С𣿡
ҵ
ʰЦˣ漴ԥصͷһǡ
һ͵ķգȴ˹̡
Сӽס÷ɿ죬̧ͷ
ʰЦһҲǵѪƵĺ졣
ˡ
Сƽɡ˳ط
ԶȥӰʧ
ɡŮվһúҲתȥ
ɫ亮һƬƵܹвɵص
Ĳµõʰô̫ӵ¶ûСأ
̫ӵ²ˣضҪҹߵӣ֪ǶҪץѱ
ܹȺлţʼշ۵ɡϡ
úԵİ˵˰ѽߣ͵ฮ֪Իס
Ҳǹ˲˵
ܹ⣬ŭҲ㡣
Сһ·߻ԺܹĬĬһ·
һֱԺſڣܹͣ£ͷǽϣɼƷ˿ڶǰ
ԺСѹֵĵĿڴϸƣճѪ
Ϊһ˿ޡ
ܹ߬ȭʧȥһ㣬ʮָɿˡ
Ժ˳˽Ųȴһ
̫ӵ£Сһۿţëʪճһ
ܹеǷϣϢȴԾġ
һЦôˣ
ˣҪȥ߹ء˵ʱſ޹ıŴֽʹǰһģһŻɱ˶˵սҪ˵ġ
ܹЦдſɬ¡
㡭Ժ
Ȼ֪Ժ֪ССÿ޳
ܹСԺԴһ㣬Եþִ롣
Ժôģ
СҡͷǺϲ飬ֻ֡ԺҲԸԴҪҪʽ
ܹΪ飺ĶԴȡЩʲôãһҪǽͲƥ߱ʲôǺóֵġԸȻԸǽ˶ǸԵĸĸҲЩ
лָ㡣
СҶ˲衣ܹЩΡ
СƲĿ⣬ܿӡ
Ѿ̫ˡ
Ƕ˱͸衣
ܹĬһͻȻ֡
СһûӦձ㱻Ĳ£Щ
üҪˣܹһַֻסĺԣƽȴĪ˾ɭ䡣𶯣иණ
ʱСѾһС졣
Űɵؿ
ܹ΢΢Цڸɾˡ
ŮһߵԺӣС㣬ҩˡ
СӦһ
ȥɣҲˡ
СȥܹŮīŵüʵ·
Ů̾Сϲ·أֻˡ
ܹۣƺ뵽ʲô˵·Ұɡ
Ůһ£˵ﶼˣͷ̫ӵ¡
Цһ£㲻øұǣʱ˻                        
лҪ˵ණɾ
һ˵ǰʮͺȻʮ̫ûˣռ˶Ҫ
ˣһ


 37 

۱ؽ, ֪ܽòᣬ֪ȥС, ߵԶ֡
ܽմ˰ٻ, ǱȰƤʹĹ̡
֪˽Ժϼӿ, ͡ȥ̽
Ӳָ׵ϲ, ŮմȾ˰ٻ, Ҳӽ
͡еǰҰһƬ, ֪ʲôʱ, ƾûɢһֱڣѾˡ
ԺǱߣСȡı£ûձѧڶʱ򻹴˼
һС, Ҳ˼, ߱һɲ
ǴŴֲ, Ҳͬ, ΪѧЩ
СǾһûҪϿε˼, Ժʲô
һи, ġ
ұŮҪͬǶҪʶֺȥˣܼ޸õķҡ
ȴ벻Լʲô, ֻʣֻҸƣȥ
ǼҺ̫࣬Ա⣬˵ʶˡ֮ǰԼĸɲԺաֻջСֵضᱻ޳ȥǮ
ʲôҲᣬԲϣѧ
ÿ˵󶼲һС΢˽Ҳһװ취
ڱīֽ⣬Ҳٰ׸Ȼᱻ˷ѡ
жҪԼöģپö٣ܺùϧ
ȻҪѧǾͲѧá
Ҫʲôͽʲôһζʫʸ踳ĵӲ
ΪǲΪ˸õ棬ȻܽͬĶ
СΧһ˵Ҫѧʶ֣֮أѧʫʸ踳ĺѧũʱĸһգ໥ѧҲǣպһҪȸѧҪʲôˡ
ѧˣСվ¿Ұա
꽫
жȵĳХĿɹҶҷɣһƬģ
Զʵİ׹Ҳϵһѷ죬Ҫ˺ء
СȹҲ紵ÿ裬ӭһֲֻĺ
˿δɫᣬƺǰʲôܺÿĳ
ʱǵصؽһȣʪˮϢ
С䱻΢΢ʪЩܾȥһѣüʲôÿģһʪҪ
⻰ʮϤǰҲϲô˵
ȥˮ¶һСǰ߲ľɺۡ
֪ԼҪˣҲžûǼܺõ£㶼᲻ã˪ѩÿﶼÿ
Ѿȥ˺ܾãȴʼ˵Ŀ־壬ʱźüնԸ˯Ը࿴۷羰ϵů
صҲʲôõľʱѾȥˣʲôõĵġÿ캮ʱͷʹϵЩɾ
պҩҲþʹجαѡ
ҲһֱھǣԺˣһкܶ¡
ܾΪŮѧ־򡣡
¶՝ҵĻ飬ԵƮңԶ
ǣҵ־Ǻúûţÿһ㡣
˶ѣ
˶ѡ
ȷʵûô뷨Ůѧ¶żȻǼŮӲ˽Լ壬ò˶ݣǲű׫˷¼ŮӲʶ֣ϵáԭҪŮӶ飬ǲ˰ŮѧͷȷʵһʱҲ˵޴
ֻǱȽˣֻԼ϶ʲôɡ
ʱҹҹմ
Сű𽪺֪³ĺӣӦҪˡ
һ뵽ܽвɷ
ʱЩûϳǽܽ
ڲסƣ̬Լ͸ʡ
ǰڽˣҲôصŽۣ񶼱ˡ
ڶգЩѧЬⶼŢ϶ǳѧĻȸԾ
˭ѧãܴƷիĸ㡣
Ʒիĸ㣬ƽ붼롣
ѧΪ˳Ըͻ࣬СҲпȻЩСӡ
*
ˢ֦Ҷ̲Դ䡣
ˮӨĹ㣬䣬ˮݷ졣
ܹ߹УȻбڱǼ⡣
գգ̧ۣͷ֦ƵᣬҪлˡ
ѾҪˣСûء
̵Ȱ£ҹδЪϢѾʱˡ
ܹɫ糣˿⣬ȻеѪ˿ȴڲס
佭ˮ𣬶øĹԱȴʬλزͣҡ
ûۣȥӹܴ¡
˼ݣݶˮˮҲо飬Ҳһͬȥˡ
ܹصһЩ£˸Ͻˡ
ðˣæ̷£ȰЪϢɡ
ܹҡͷ˯ţ˵ɡ
Ҳ֪ģ˾⣬ȴʼķ޷ߡ
еȹӣʵһģһ𣿡
˵һӦǿ⡣
ܹšһ
˸Сȥ
˵ܹ꣬ͷȹתҪߣܹͻȻֽסȵȡ
ܹɫ糣ȥ
˵ţ·ӹĿȾīɴȹͣסֽǼɴȹȡȻŵԼ鰸̹Ȼ߰ɡ
СѧУʡĵǸ
ŬץסһлѳҰĹ
ʱ飬ںܶѧ˵һʲôáԸ˵Ҳˣ֪Լͽ͵ģֻҪһϣץ
ܹСʱڰŮɨѧá
ѧǵЬմ˻࣬СЬֻ࣬ºٴɨɾ
ϰѧժҰ¶йڻϡ
ܹ·߽ԺѧõķȥСϵҶ
ģҲٰԼúһš
޵ĶԽһĽ죬ʱī£ڰһƬǰҡҷ
ĵɫѩϸ壬ѩ͡
֪ʱǸ׷ҪǵСѾͷѾĹˡ
ܹæһѣȥ
һСע⵽½ôˣ
ܹɫ糣ȹܾ˰һǰһո
СЩȣΪǼȹѾˡл¡
˶٣ʵΪʲôǱŵģ

Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
ܹ񣺡ù
Ů˷ˣܹˣʵ̫ӵ¿Ҫһͬţ
С뵽ܹ̫ӣҲԲЩͨ˵ʳȲù¿ܳԲϰߡ
ϰߡܹӦ
ǾһɡԾɱŵİ𣿡
ҪĻô˷˻᲻᲻
Ȱܹ΢Цش𣺡û£ù

*
ܾŮҺ̫ӵͬţܹ˵˲⣬ԾǻʣûھĬĬŷȥˡ
СܹδദȴȻ
ڹУӻŮСҪעʳ޲ܹҲûгԷ˵ϰߣСǡǡ෴
ƽǰģϲŵʱ졣
ϰҲ˼ΣûܸĹҲմȾϰߡ
ܾŮڣֻʣһܹ
Ĭãڻ̲סˣָָһ̲˻ڴؿܹ񣺡¾ζô
ڸ֮ȻҲԲʲô
ϸһ£ŵɿڣܺá
С߶߶ؿʼ˵ѧĲˡҰѽڵĶ࣬Ҳʺǣ֪˶Ҫ˺ǿЩиѧһ𡭡
ʶԼںһ˵Щ΢ķϻʱСɫֱòˣؿܹһۡ
֪ʱܹѾ˿ӣרעؿ
һֱĻ
Сͣסڷ㶣ܹ񻺻һЦô˵ˣ
һе࡭
ܹҡͷ࣬˵ʲô˵ްġ
Ѿܾûк˵ô໰ˡ
һλڶС֣һж棬ʲôҪʸͣ
Ժ󣬼ǵÿǲɢ
ܺ˵ЩܹкеЦ⡣Һܸˡ                        
лҪ˵̽ͷҴģ0ܻ׷ɱҡ
ȻСҪʱŮ԰ֻǾ٣ûյ̫̻뻯ѣҪûпɽľֻܵ鶾򡣣ֻǸûں飬ǧ𵱳ɴŮȻҪģ


 38 


˷, ܹûߣ, ðû۴ﱧ, С鰸ǰġ
СƽϲϿ, ϲ鰸ǰ, ҲǺܽⱻռ˵ط, ֻɻôߡ
ü, ֵʵΪʲôҪﴦ񣿡
ܹϿҵ˷, 徲ЩӾߡ
СһۣӺҲǺܶ࣬һʱӦܿɡܹûʲô޵ģԹˣٸ߶಻ð
Ǻðɡ
Ӧһ, Եܹ񲻴, ԼԼ¡
ĿĹ͸辺ʹ, Ѿࡣ
ڿϣûᷭ, ܿͰܹ֮Ժ
ֻǸڣȷʵû뵽ԼʲôҲȥ
һӰǰ, ȴٳûж, ˼Ǳǣסˣô޷ǰЩϡ
ԶŮӣ𽥱ᡣ
Сȹ, ã˳̵ĽëͶӰϸ΢ĻҳƯ·ʱҲڴ˿
ܹ񾲾СһзҶڴ˿ȥֻʣ񾲵Ĳա
֪˶ãС鿴꣬෢۾ﻹиڡ
Ťͷܹôû꣬Ǹ鰸ǰˣ֪ʱŶͷ˯ˡ
̫ӵ£ȻҲᷢ
СԥҪҪܹ־ãŽż߳ȥˡ
ԺͰܾ죬Сˣʵ̫ӵ»ڿ𣿡
Сҡͷ˯ˣ̫ӰҲ͵𣿡ǰҲڽ˼ÿҵʱ˯
ܾ˸̫ۡҲˣοǵ㣬ô͵
ǰ黹Щοҹûˣ糿˵˯أЪϢˡ
ҹСֹһ䣬˼ŻøղûаѣҲ̫ûͬˡ
̫ӿ࡭
ʲô˵Сܲȥѣǰ²¿ԣտɱˡ
СɫΪѣðܾȥΪʲôң
ܾԴǣūϰ֮ˣ֪أҾŵ£Сȥɡ
ϰ֮˲οǲȥź˵˵ˡ
С˼صͷתߡ
ܹ񻹱ԭĶ䣬С¾·ŵģϵС̺ӣֻ鰸
ۺŷⶼķţҲ֪ǲǿˡ
ܹʱҲԾ࣬ʱܿÿһëԼµ΢΢ڡ
˵ģܾûкúϢˡ
ֻܹϸ΢ĺ
ôһʱգѵٺúôĻᡣ
ҲΪ̫֮λķâٿȥţЦ˾䵭˯üҲ׽ࡣ
ʯͣʵӲҲܴĥǡ
ܹҲˣһŵļ
ʵĺҲûŮ֮飬ʶҲбڣ׾ͱˡ
СʮֵȻû̫
ܹص˼Ȼó˵Ҳ˵ˣˣտҲԼ
Ὣ̺ϣСֱ׼ҪߣȴرڵϵӰһ£һЩˤȥ
ܹƺоѣ͵ס̴ֱּۣеغС
СվˣĪؿôˣ
סˣ񻹴гѵãȻˮ羵ӳݡ
ܹӦȴûɣͷɤ΢ƣεˡ
ΡҲûʲôΡ
ʵҲεܹ񣬺ֶǼٵģѹ
õΣһѹ
йصζ˸˲
С΢Щܹ֡ûȥˡ
пģʲôûС
ûץסˣץס
ϵı̺Լҩ㣬۽޲¡𣿡
Сǰ㣬ȥԺҪúЪϢ̫Ҳһֱ˯
ܹȥͷʱмʧ䡣
ãġ
*
Ůѧȷʵףûվ˼ֲˡ
СƢ̫ã㱻ҲԼѧĻľԽڡܾΨһ嵽ǵˡ
мѧǲԸģüζ͵͵ȥСҲϰˣûֳٵΪʲô
ѧʮʱСѷ¼ȡΪһһ⡣
Сһ˵ˮֺģСԾͶ˵˼䡣
ʵŮôҲҴ𣿡
Сͷ԰вͿ򡣡
һСӵʣûŮ𣿡
ЩǰǼѵ¡
СԼݡ
У٣𣿡Сﲻðһ뷨
ºü˶Ӧ
ܾٴС˵ԼĶص뷨ʱѾǼֲˡ
ôæû¶ɹһСӣΪβǶ򵥵£
ô֪ʧˣҲʲôСЦЦڿΣҴ˳иҽݣݴŮӣȥʰɡ
ҽ֮ԳΪҽ߳ΪݴǸŮӣǲõġ
ܾСҪȥλ˪㽫˵۴Եĺ˵һ顣
ݴ˪ѧղüˣ˵ץҩץˣƢܲûм޳ȥһЩŮλƽȥ￴
ۣⷬСɵʱѩ䡣
ֻţ̫¶ۡΪӣͻȻŮӱᱻΪ࣬ʸ֮ġ˭ԸԼҽһŮӣԸŮȥ⡣취ڮ٣ҽᱻָ㡣ƽ򣬾ͲǷȢӡ˵ֲһ䡣ҲҵĲ²⣬Ƿ紫ǰ㣬ҪԿ֪
˪ҩȷ㲻ϺãСͰܾʱ򣬸պһŮҩ뿪
Ų˪ĳӸӡַԼ˵ʲôë
С˵Ҳģ
ɷҲʶӳò˽ͨ㵹ǿۼ˪䵭ƳһۣԹԵظԼ¡
СͣƬ̣㣬ԸԸȥŮҽҿһŮѧ
˪ͣ¶ۣЦһ㰡ԭǸŮѧ治ҥС֪ô˵𣿡
ܾɫѵִԡ
˪ɨһۣԼ£ȴûͣвͨģǿҲŮѧǵǮҲӡѧʵҲûԸȥҽһСƨӲ𣿡
Сδвִͨٿǿǡ
˪߰ɡ
Сһʮӡ
˪ĶͣסˣתСûƭң
ûƭ㡣
ÿۻʱȥղҩǮʱҲ׬ӣֺҽʲô
˵˪Сŵ֪Ѿ˲ٹŮѧ
ˣԺһѾˡ
лҪ˵˪ôʵ
Ŭд㡣̫ӻŰģڸһҿԡĴ


 39 

ȥ·, ܾʣÿʮӸ
Ȼ̫µģʮʵڲ, ɶС޸ĸĹ, ܿھʮ, ȷʵǼ򵥵¡㲻ƭɣ
Сһۣôôûأĸ, ҼӽҴ, ȻҲǺ, ǮׯҲ
ܾĿӻˣ׬Ǯ
ȥʲôҲĽС, Ӷֵ뷨׬Ǯôƺմߡ
ɽˮҲҪǮΪȥһĵطҿ϶ҪºöǮ
ܾ뵽ܹ񣬱㲻ĸҪ㵱ױİɣķɽˮô죿
ҿԲ޸Ǯ, Ҳͦõ𣿡, ʲôʱ뵽, ֻңɼԼҪӵɷӣɷбˡ
Щ, ﻮųȥ¡
ܾõСĻشݵĳĬˡ
Ȼ̫ӺС֮䣬޷⡣
ϲϲô, õС, Ҳסˡ
С߷̵ЩӣܸܵŮӵĲͬȴʼղʲôطִܹš
ʵĶûȻ˯, С鰸ȴˡ
ҪϲԼķô죿ԸΪȥȵعһ𣿡˵⻰˰ȶ֣ʵôȵǳ˲¹ͷĻʹȨġ
СĽŲ΢΢һָֺͣܿ糣ǻģҪΪԼԸϲңΪ˹ңǸʱʲôûˡ
ܾûˣʵΪܹСȻͬأ˸Ͳǣһ
ԺãһСյһţʮࣺտеĴţ
˪˵Щ֪ȷʵࡣôˣ
ǰȥӣ˱顣мʿڱĳڮ٣˵Ůѧϲ̨Ķ洫µĵ伮ЩײۣҲ˵ڣЩˣҲ಻֪ʲô˼㡣ԼĿʶȴӵܣŮӶ飬ףͷ¶治֪߳ܡ
Ǵҹ㣬һֻ˵ڵģЩĻ˵ԵòôˡСǱʿˣЩȫˣˣ˵ĻҪٱ
Сƽ˵ĶǼٻ
ûʲôӦˣҧгݵ˵ǲңһŮӣ죬׿ɾͻˣǶ֪Ժ¶ѳɡŮѧԼǰٺһôǲأ
С˵𣬱Щ仯˼Ƭ̲ŵǻ᲻۵㣬㻹Ҫ˵ġ
֪ǽĹϵҪҲҵةͷϣֲǣ֪ĻΪةĬھк
ЩַŽְοûϵҿԲ˵Щʲô
Ϊξǲأ֪£˵ֳǰҲЩԷ÷ԲˣǺʰˣڱ͵ޣصο˭֪ȫȻϡ
СǸ⣺Ҳãû뵽Щ佭ˮأֳߵʱҶ֪
̾˵ⲻ㣬ҲδӦͶˣǸǸģ͵͵˹ȥҲֳ֪ûС
ȥˣСסΪʲô
˼ղô
͸¶Щֳǰףղ̫ӵ£ڿǰһͿأ޷ˣ˭ֳ֪ġ
ŵڣһǵġ
أСǵԴӽϱӾȹͰˡҪȥӽֺãǲܵ¡
ܾҲҲ Ⱦһ㱡죬΢΢üС˵ûϴͻ飬Ҳ֪ԸΣȢҡ
ԼĶܸߣһܹᴢ֮λȻ輧ȴ۸ڶеĹŮûۣҲһܶϲ
Сûжۣ˵Щ˳ԶĻ
һӣԺ˲֮͡
֪ԺĲãüĿʼûչ
ôܹв޷Сǰ֡µѾûѡˡ
С˵ҪŮѧ
СɫƽͣҲҪ£мֲͣةЩǲ˵ΪãҲ
֪ɫ˱䣬ЩڵĻѹ˻ȥ
еıʣӲǳһȰЦܵôûȥȥɡ
С棬ȴżԻ󣺡ǲҲ̷ˣ
֪Цסˣ۾ӥࡣ˵ʲô
ûҹȴҪΪ㲻һҵܽҩţһΪʲôֿʼţˣ֪ԼҪ˭ʱҲǿġʲôһԼĺˣ
ֻûѡ񡣡Ϊ֪СһҪΪԼԶõһ٣㹻ġԹӦõģΣֻȥԼĵܵܡ
СվѧõľƵذϣ֪վԺ
վƽŽ֪һ˿ı¡
ҲԹ㡣
һúôҲúôңٷȥĴСɣһֱ㵱ŮֻǡֻΡ֪УĿⶼԵóʹ
СĻƵĸѾˣӽסһɽ֪һңԼαĸӡ
Ѿȥ˺Ҳֲ١
ǲ֪ڸģҪοԼúôĸӡ
ǵںδ
Ҫ榻ݣȥůĵطǸʱȥǰ߶š
֪΢شԸȥˣ
ֻȥ
Ҳá˼ص˵ͷƮƮɨ˰ܾһۡ
*
ʱѾãһǳʵξֱٴ̤βƴճʮı
Сɡ߽Ĵţ֮Ųɵͣˡ
榵ķĹฮĺɽӽԲ·СȻѡ·
ֻû뵽ô¶ˡ
֪ǰ棬Ᵽһξ룬˴˶޻˵˵޷Ǹ˴¡
سɡǰʱһĨɫɿǰ͵ײ˽֪ĻӤ̶ĺ޽Ĭ˺飬ŵСӶһ£æһ
һ׷ţʲôң㲻Ҫ֪ô
̧ʵۣŽ֪ӣʵүɶСĲܷѪȴС㣬ү㿴ôС
ܹĽָңŭ˵˵˵ʲô
ĿС˼֣ίֵ˵СĵܵܣȾɣ֪ġ
ȻСĿĲţ㡭ˣ
ı˵ĸӣ֪ϲǽꡣ㲻ǲϻѾҪҩˣϽɡ
СͶ粻̬ϰˣ˵ʲô֪ͱŭѵ
ӤĿüһк
ؿ͸ذסңֵĺӴߣų͡˺֪߳Ҫڷʣͱϵˡ
ˣ
С鸴ӣ̧ۿ򽪺֪
˵úôǣ
֪Ϸ࣬߬ס֣͡ŭʲô
͡ǰʧأׯᣬ֪ˣ˭ҲķҲᶯִ̶һ£Ҿͽȼʹøһоݡ
ڳ˵һμС˶򾲡
С³͡ڻȥѪ
֪ʲôǸƭӣܽɽյģ
͡ƺˣ½һҪҡ֣˴
˾˵İܾͿɵ˵С˶æҵȥˡ
һʹ˽֪һ죬Ҳ˵Ѫ
͡۱סڽ侲ȾѪḺ̌ڵʧޡ
һз⧲СɫӣδǷʲô¡
۱ų̧͡ʪһգۣˮͻ䡣
С
ɫɻ󣬵˵ꡣ
ȴֻһۣʲôҲû˵͵ͷ                        
лҪ˵»һת


 40 

ҵ˿ڲ, ֪æ˽˴
͡ͻȻ裬ò, ˴ӡ
мϳС, Ŵ, ۵, ֲ˵ʲô
ү, С㲡ˡ
һ̴ӼŻܹ֪, ͡һ, ʲô̼һƿԼˣҪСͱֹ.
ȥɡ
͡δɣŽ۵ĸ첲С˵С, , ǽð, ܿܽҪˣȾ, ǰȹܶΣٰһκòá
֪ŭһʿɶֹ
ҲοԸ, ȥ, ˵ˡ
ŻмֹȰζСһ㡣
Щڳ͡ȴζ˽֪ϵʧ, ΪҲʼͷˡ
ͻȻһڽ۵ϣ˶ԭء
ҲҪˣҹ
ջۣƫͷһԡ
Լһ̧ͷСϷ
͡Ὢ֪ĻСȥɣ֪ƣῴȥģǽð
˶뽫ĿСϣ˽ۡ
ĬƬ̣˵ǿȥġ
䣬ܾСȥҲųˡ
͡˵ȥסʲôܽô졭
֪ɫ
ܽѾˣǽ䲻ٻ˵ʹһѫ󶼱ޡ
Сȴͬú̫Ҳƾܹĳ谮Ӹλ
ᾡƵߵλãҲˣôСȥҩ
*
ܾɡߵÿʼˣ˵ʹԼϰ
Сฮ£ûע˵ʲô
ةฮ£ܾ
ҡҡͷ뽫ĹڿĹײģǲǲУ
ַܾ˼뷨ֲ֣ʬǴӾ˵ݣˣ
̾Ǻðɣ취
һֱصԺ·Ҳฮ£Ĳϡ
ſͣһܾһ֪̫ˡ
߽ԺУӳСµܹ
Ŀһ
ҷأīü𣬴ż˵ķ顣
ʹΣͣסŲиܹ̾ǹ߻ƭˡ
СȴԺֻһ¿飬ʯϰŲյȲ
һۣǳЦСѧ
ҼͰ͵Ļ˵
ܹ˵ڣңӦҲΪһ
ҾнܹˣҲʮģ˿ΪЩ̫򵥶ܡ
ºִ޵롣
һֱСܹԺŵСеֱҪˣͷŲòֹһ㡣
ҵͷ˾䣺Ӻá
С㻹ʲôҪҵ𣿡
ûûˡҿڳݲ³֣ͷѹüͣҲƵ뿪ˡ
Сɻܹ棬ֵ˱裬ʵô
ڹķ㡣
ܹԵİ䣬һ裬Żڣ㷽õĲյùˡ
Сһڲ裬ͻȻˡ
Ӳط²յϴӯӯˮ⣬û˵㷽ô˵
ܹ񵭵ˡ
ܾȥŰ׵ԶԶġ
ܹ˵Ҳ֪ܾὫԼ¸Ҳ֪Щʲô
ȥฮʲôʵģһ㡣
һฮﶼǽĳ͡ԼŹֵӦĽۡ
͡ЩԾʹҡ
ܹšһڣҺͽ֪Щɳǹ⿿֪ʲôҩˣǸӵѪôܽȾ˰ٻѾ䲻ˣҲڰƣ֪͡ʲô
ƽŸۻĮС
Сû뵽˵ôֱӣ鶼һ˿
ҧŴ꣬вյ𽥱䣬ָɵؽ˽
㣬ûС
ܹ۾̹ȻûС
Ҫʲô뵽һЩ£ֶ˻ȥ
Ǹ޶ȥ㣬ǻţҲһ뷨ӱҡ
ǽ֪ȡһһ
ǽأ
ܹ񵭵ƳһۣɫмΣС֪֪Լϲ
գգۣʰҲô˵Ҳô˵ң
ܹϵЦⲻԽʱʱҵ㲻ôϲ
Ǻܶ࣬һȷʵ˷ġ
СĻޣӦҲϲǺ̫ӣݵİն㡣
˵꣬ȴܹüͷ΢ƺǺϲޡ
Ƭ̺ŮͶҩˡ
Сӹҩ룬һϢҩܹ֭ȥˮָ˿ǵݹȥ
ɬҩ֭ʱͷԷſգ˽ǵݵߣҲ͵ͷ˽ȥ
ʪĴ괥ָܹ⣬Ӳɵؽסˡ
ӦʲôСҲͣסɫø
ǰฮܹ֪ι˶ٶ
ʱ򣬶˶Լ⡣
οǲϲܹģôûЩ˼˵ĹŹָС
ţͻȻ뵽ղûвСָܹ
һ뵽øˣܹ˵ʲô˲
ܹЦһȥΪá
𣿡
³
СɫãܹҲٶֳеָ΢Ħ¡
Ժ⼸տʲô£
֪ȤĲ𷽲ŵ£СҲѸת˻档
ѧ½½˼λµĲʮˡȥʱɽ֪ʶǳ۽綼ʱҪࡣŮѧҪһôһҺöˣ
ܹ֪˵ʱѩ䡣СҲ
СֳܹǶΪŮѧ첻ɣ̫ӣΪʲôû˵Ҳأ
ָܹʯߵʢϸĹ⣬Ц۽üҡ
ŮӶʱѩһ㣬ὫӼȥҲӲ̣ܽǻ޹⡣ѹŮͷϣ˲˰ŮѧԸ˶ԣҪǲڽµ¡ʱѩ˶񷨽Ҫġ
ҲΪҲðŮѧ𣿡
ܹҡͷֻ˵˳£ҲδزɣŮѧһܳɡ
ӣ̫ӣΪʲôô룿ҪˣҪѧ񷨽סԼĻȨ
ŮѧԸ໥Υˡ
̫λõı䶯͸Сϣۡ
ܹסͷĹߣ˵طòã
á
ܹĿӹֽɡ˵ɡܾˣס۾ǣȥ
ǣӡ
ЦЦ㡣
СϤ·۾Ҳʲôܹ˵𷽲ŵĻ
ʵΪŮѧܹ£ŮӺһϰ𣿡
Сǿ϶ܰô
Ϊִˣ
Сʯ̾͵С·ϣĬһ˵ֻ룬ȻŮѧ£ǴǰҲһôǶûܰŮѧҵһˣǺҲ룬ȻҲԡһûԹĹӣҪһ˳ˣ֪ûжŸ¿ڡǻĲݵأ߹һκ󣬱еڶ˵߹ĲݵҲᱻ߳һ·ȻûôҲǺ尡
˵һ󴮣ЩģԼ˵úеԼð˵ССĽС
ûõܹۣԴȴͻȻ¡
Ȼ֪Ůѧʱ޷£ֺαȥֹ㡣ʷҲݹŮ࣬йһλĳҲŮһյһʶ֣ȴڣҲȥǰ¡λ񷨽ŮӸдҲˡʵѧˣۺʱᱻû±ŮӲڽ£Ҳǲѧǳ
С棬ͻȻһǰȥֱסȵرڻ
ָϣȫס
ǰһƬڰʹôࡣ
ֱۻЩǳ÷ڱǼ⣬ţ΢΢һʲôѹȥ
¶ļϸܵȵıϢͱķ˿ӽӲû΢΢ȡ
㡭
Ȧסֱֽ˼֣û˵ȥ
ܹ񿪿ڣƵأЩźЩί
Сˡ                        
лҪ˵̫ӲǱȣǡ


 41 

ķ˿ɨѩ׵ľ, ڶߣͬȵϢ, ΢΢
СʹЩ, ܹ֡
ϸŵ, ΢΢, Ҫ֡
ܹεҪ, Ҳǡ
˵ϵȹȻȥ, Լ۾, ŴһԲͷӿһĪĻ
Ҳȥǣʲôˣֻƾоǰߣܹȥ̱˦
ء
ḡԺ󲻻ˡС, ֤һ䡣
СзҲ, ط·Ҳǻ, ȫ֪ԼߵĶ
ܹһľĬĬţۼ, ַһ¡
һСͶܵǰ, Ǻٱ
ܹͻȻЩԼŵΪ
ס, ȴΪιʹرס
ḡˡʧء
ðֻƵøԶƫûס
ֻ㡭
СִüǴ, סӭչ⣬ͷ²ӣҲס۾ˡ
˵˾䣺÷Լԡ
˷ǰܹʣһҪ𣿡
߽ȥǰʵĻ谵ϵůҲˡ
С㲻飬ôһ÷顣
ȻأѾõĽˡ
ܹĹȥ
ǰ΢ݽ棬ƫʱ顣
պó֣ãġôСƫһõˣ᲻ϲ
ϵĺö໥ģܹܶãȴûʲôԻرһҪջݺãҲӦõġ
Ȼܺͨÿ뵽ѹ
ϧûʲôܸģȻһҲܶܺúܺãҪʲôر
ллܹ񣬷֮飬ûʲôԹ޵ġ
꣬ÿμĻϲġ
ǲܺʹǰһ𣿡
ܹŹվſڣ֮¡һڣ߶΢ƹƯĳƮƮģһɢˡ
СüĿʮᣬ˵˾䣺ǲеģѾ̫ˡ
ܹȴܲ⣬Ҳϲ
ûʲôȫġ
ܹƽıŷİ
СҪ˵ʲôĿⴥһƬ̡
鰸ϣһӣҶһǱϵġ
ϲˡ
𰵳ǲʺͼʣº侲˺飬Ŀ̧ʱż𺡣
ϲʰʳ仰ĵײһԲԣ
ϲ磿
С΢΢һ㶣ǰʰձӡµǡ
ĳĬ飬ֻܹʣɭȻһƬ
˵ֻϲأ
͵̧ͷǾ
̫ӣԻϲ
ܹЦЦȴδ۵סϲС㲻ϲʰϲҺòã
ⶼʲô
Ȼٺ˵Щˣڵֱܹں
Сɫ΢˵
ܹ֪Լ˵ˣ˵ȥһжǰ
ֺãȰҲ˵ˣȲҪϲˡ
òã
˵۽ȾһĨ΢죬ģǰ÷ϵɫĮγЩ顣
ȥɡû˵ãҲû˵ãƵĮ
Ϊ˻Իصȥ
ЩѺۣ޷޲Ҳڲס
*
ܹߺ﷢˼ţ໥޷塣
ŮǼ̫뿪ģߵʱ黹Щ֮˵Ϻá
ЩСǲǺ̫ʲôִһϴĹϹȥ
С˳һϣҧ˼ڡ
ڿ˾䣺𰡣ôˣ
ŮС˵̫ӵġ
ͻȻҲûôˡ
ǳ֪Ͳˡ
̫ӵ¶Сôãû׼Ҫӭȥ̫С̫䵭Ů಻סڣ˵Сصͷ
ΪʲôҪ̫
ŮúԥŮв̫ģ̫ӵһãϲС㡣̫ٳһ޵ĺ£Ժˣٻ󣬲֪Ҫء
С˵Ǹһᣬȥ̫Ը⣿
Ů󾪣æ˵⡭ôܣūҳ룿
ϸһ룬ѾĶõɣҲƶһ䲻ȴҲڸ˵ġѡ᲻á
̫λãФġ̫ˣ䲻ϣҲȥ롣
뵽ЩСͱˡ
ǹҲˣԲŲ̫𣿡
СӨ׵ָ⻮ӵĻ׵Ļ˲
֪Щô˵ġ
Ů첻ʣֻǰԥؿڣ͵ЩϹ
ͶˣҵȻҪ
*
Ҳã˪Ժ
нٺһЦԷǵԭ
СʱûѧڿˣܾƢûŵѧһ߾ŵѧɪɪֲ𽵹Щʵõ֪ʶ˪Ψһһܽˡ
ԺֱСķȥˣֻĳɰı¶һԲԲԴ
ʲôҸ㿪ӣ˪齱ߣȥ
СűӣҹϹԶˣҩȹˡ
ûס죬߿߳ԣ֪ͳôࡣӾͲ˶ӣкڵÿûˣ΢һ㣬˿ˮ۵ֻ
δգǲٳȥ
˪úЦϷʵˣôһѧأ
С߳ŭԴ㲻˵
úúãǸ
*
ܹڶ֪СԻӣһʱǾúЦ
̫ҽҹȥҩ֪ӺЩġ
Сȥƽõִ򣬵¿Էˡ
ȵҹйСԾ޷ߣҹ˹
ҹɫŨԲ¸߹ҡ
С˯£Ժ˶æŸԵ¡
˪ѧʶ֣ǵĹòᣬҹﻹֵĿҵ
˰ܾ˭ҲԺһˡ
ܹվС⣬ѹЩˣ
ȹҩֵ˰㣬Ѿ˯ˡ
Ĭ˰ΣҲ֪ǸԹԼԹ˭
Ϲ͵ģСԻ˶ӣ²Ҫ
̾˿ЩʳʳҪˡ
²
ܹƬ̣վԶԶؿһֻۣ¡һ
֪Ҳȴ̲סˣûİǼӱķҡ
ܾصͷܹתҪߣû𷣵˼и˿ͼ߳۷
˯ˣ
ǡ
ܾܹ꣬ŵĽˡ
ܾ
ʲô
ֻһյ𣬻谵УƼǽӳ̡
žУĿĺ
Сźӣɫ죬ڻ谵п̫塣
ֻƽȵĺҹǣ
˯಻ãӤֺͼ¶档
īɢͬ⻬ĳС
Ĭؿǵ㷳Īƽˡ
ðͷ޿赲ðһЩҲԿˡ
ܹΪ˳ӣֺͼסҪֱʱȴͣˡ
¹͸ӣкһ˪䡣
Ĵ
һİĸܡ
ⴥᾪֻһ룬ٿӹĵ
ķ˿뿪ҡҷ
ȵ֨ѽһˡ
˯Сۣչ̣Ӷ΢΢
߬˱죬һ
Ƭ̺ͷøһ߷ߵģҧгݵĵ
쵰                        
лҪ˵²׼ʱ֪үͷϴѣ
Űп϶ҪŰҳϲŰⲻʱûǷ
̫ӣḡ󲻻
˯ź󡭡
һ


 42 

ǳƺǳ׽ů, ӭա
СżնܾҲκ˵Եɡ
, ܹٸ, ͽһۡ
ɺ̫, ֲ˽ѵһ١
Ҳκ֪, ǲֳ֪
˪Ժһ춾, ˿ķѧ, ѧѵ档С˵˼β, һѧΪ°ֱӲԺˡвҪȥ˪нٺʹת
ڽʥ͵伮ѧȴ࣬úϱȥСһ, ȥʱѩɽ
ʱѩûʳ, СȥȻͬˡ
˪ʵѧ, ʱԺѧҩҩʱѩ䲩Ⱥѧ, ӵʱҲϡ
ֻС򵥵ʶֺʱʱҪŽũʱ
ȻȲ, , ЩʵѧֻҪ齲
̸ֽˣԼҲѧһЩԺһؿʼֻ, ϹͲҲһЩ
ܹҲ²ûʱСҲԸ⿴һʱգܾҲ˲ԣ¸ܹ
̫ӵ£ѧС֮ʵڽ˲ܡ
ȥҲСŰܾ˺ˣҲһۡ
ܹҲʱٴյǰ˷һһֻͣ
佭ˮˣȴѻأȣգдҡ
ԺѧʮˣҲԱ⡣
˸иҪæӦ
ܿ죬Ҳת˶Ժá
һգ˪ѧϿΣСҲںԺŪԼĻݣи⧲شԺֱѧá
һƬɧңһѧŵ÷ɪż㣬ץǺݺһ⣬Ůڵϴޡ
˪Ҫȥһƿѧŵɢ
˴ŴֵǮ˵ÿնĶˣҲţôԶ߰Ķڿ죡˵Ů죬ֱקָ˪ƭǮǰɣרƭСǮǮҽǵӣ
˪ʲôҰƭǮ仧иƨǮ
ŭŻȭҪˣĽ࣬һ£ŮҲɿˡ
СŮƤһָͨͨӡײС
Сɫ£ʵΪҪ֣
ҵŮʹ򣬾ǴҲ£
ɫˣʵŮɱ𣿡
ƨĻѹĽдˣž⡣㡭Ҫʲôҿɸ㣬ǣǸҶǡҪ״εģ
ҰԼԺ㴳ҽ뱨٣һۡԺǲǮģҪթ˵ء
ӱָţû˷ŵ棬ĿȴĭɣָԼŮƭҼŮޣļˣǰҲТˣ˵Ǯ
СͷŮʵ͵üеĶ֪𣿡
СŮĨϴСȥ֤Ժ󲻷ˡ
ҴˣԺҲˡ޵һһģϺӡδȥɪ˴
СֵѧĶԺ˱¼һ˻ԺĪҪӵ㡣
һ˲ߵĲҵĻģ˵˶پͶ٣ƾʲô㰡˭֪ǽʲô߰ĶСС;ͻֽŲɾ̻ҼҺӣҪǮ
˪ⲻҪоЦˡǸƤûƤûĶӸŲ֪Ҫô̻ǮҲԼＸޣ
ɫǺ죬κнڲϣñǿ׺Ҳ˪ô졣ݺݵصСɱңȻҽòǮͲˣҲȥ٣˭֪Ǿһѹڽʲôණ׼Ҫĸ
Сɫȥ浱Ҳɱ㣿
˻һŻźݻɫŰˣȶ΢΢ǿ˵ң
СŮ۵һ޳ӵȺɱҵɱҵء
˪С˸ۣ˵㿴ɣҾ֪
ͷۣСεҾûҪɱ˼
󺺵ֻˣüëŭǸϽǮҾ͵֪ҷ
СǲȱôһǮģû˶թҲԸҵĿǵ㲻ҪˣûǮ˵Ĳȥ٣ղŴˤϵ̨̨ʲô˵Ҫӣ㽻Ǯˡ
ҭסˣŵˤǵ̨һµƭ˭أôһʯͷҪӣ
㲻ţұȥ١
ѧվһС˵Ŵָָ㣬ɫףһקԼŮѶϽЩŮһƽϣ
ܾýʺݺݳϣʱһӡӡ
˲ҽ㣬ŭӣǸҵţ
˵ŮҲˣܳѧá
СƬ̣۵һ
õǰߴߴİο
Сӣȥ˻𣿡
ҵģ¡
ð׽ȥòãСο˼䣬ֹͣ˳
ܾؼңСŮĶԭⲻĻȥСûбҪҪٶˣѧӣûؼң֡
Ϊ£СͰܾսĪˡ
ѧ˾ţҲؼˡ
С£һֱ̾
Ҫٴô죿ڼҲᰤС
ֹܲǵļ¡
Сͷ㲻ҪٶְȻһˣβᰤԺҲΪԭ֡
˪ԼɹɵĲҩһ˵ĸĸˣʲôֵģҶԼ˵µȥ֣һܲЩŵӡ
ҪԺɷŹ޶ͺˡ
أ˪˵
СƳһۣ˵нٺҸҪһЩҪǮġ
˪治˵ˣԼĲҩ
ܾŽСӹҩС¯
ܹдţʹ¯лЩº󣬻ҽ
С°ͣ˪ô׼ôҩ
ʦţΪ佭ˮߣǼӶҪȥæ׼ţҪȥһˡ
СֱӣɫҲҪȥã
˪ﻹģ֪ܻܲŻһءΪҽ߱ҪȿѵģҸ˵ȥʦǵ׷ùȴҡ
㡭Ƭ̡һҪúõĻ¸Ӷӡ
˪üΪҲЩ
û˪ߣ鷳˵һԺС˶ˡ                        
лҪ˵дŮԻӣҾΪԻȱ̲ۡ
ֻ


 43 

Ժ˼ӻ, ׵Ļȵʱͻʢ, ʱԺƢ
Сڴǰʰ, ˵ʱ䶨Ȼд, ɹô, ûϢ
ܹһսһյ, 㱻¯, ǲ䷳͹
ż, Ժ鷳ϡ
Ժߵѧûٻѧ֮½ѧĵ˹
ǰǸµ˷ǵûбôû˶õЩǮҲֶթ˼
ʱѩ˪ͦˣֿ֮˿η, վԺǰһһƿԡ
СʤԺ, ȥ峤ƪҵķϻ, Цеĳƾãֻ˾һȭ޻, Ĳ޴й
۱ȲԺλŮӣ붯ִ򲻹ͻȻðİܾ
㱻ֵ÷, Ůһò, ֱ֮Ժ
ֻѧܵӰ죬˺üλ
ĸңΪ֪º뿪Ժ, ɽ׽ֻҰӸСǱʦ
ҹϰϰСºͼ˵ŻǼΪС
ͻȻиʲôҽԺӣڵһ졣
˪ЩҵŵһǺʯʱЦ
ĸղֶΣҵֽ
С̾ϢȥȻҵͲˡٹҪȥݣɲʱˡ
Ժ˿ҪǮġ˪̹
úúáͷ¹ͶڵϵףҹϵС
ȥ˺üգǻ̲סչ̡
ܹǻ쵰
*
¹˪ףͶϡӰ
һӹԺ⳯˿ʯͷɧóѵЦҪӵڶ飬ȴȻ˴Ӻסϡ
ӰӰӺ޲ҲûзأôԺſڡ
ϵűſ߶µ˭
СһֱΪܹ񰲲ߵǰܾⲻ֪һڰӰΣղ׳֡ЩСɫĻĴ˶Ǳˡ
˲öˣ֡
һ£ҹɫΪһ壬紵̱ڵصӾ˴롣
һһģҵĴּҲʯͷҺȶ˲ѣŹҰɡ
ϿŹأŲʱ˵ţҼڸ㲻֣ܶ㶯Ҵ粻ŹģҸ̲ˣ㲻ܶҶ֣ᡭţ
ֺֿܣһסʹڿС첲жͷĿڼžԵøࡣ
ʹ˹ȥ˰̱ڵأʹ˷ҲᱻǺľƹ
мһգ۾ʧҹɫС
ȵڶ峿СǱӵѵģ˼˯ЬûҵԹŲʯשߡ
۱ܾ˫ѹסҲ˵ϣ̬ΪǱ߳ŭغҵ˼ſң
һʹһ˹Ժǻ㻹˵˼ҿЩˮ̺ôˣҲָʹģ
ңô֪Щ˭ٺ˵˵ҵһ֮࣬ҶңҽҵһŮӸѹסֻ޴棬ȷŭ߳ܡ
ÿܾʹЩ۵졣
ʯͷҲ㣿
۷ŭˣе÷Ŵҹʯͷ
С˯Ǳҧгݵŭɢˡ
㲻е÷ţԺ
һҲ˱ܾʵ˫֣ҲҪǲСǰ¶Ǳģ
ſɡ
ܾӦһɿۡ
СĻˮ׾پͽ԰ܾʱ档
űסҪе꣬ʹ˿̱齾ᣬҲǱݣʵࡣ
˯Ѳãδȥϴͷɢڼͷɤ˵ģﰡ
ɨѵȹߣĿⴥȹµһ׽ֺɫ͵Ǻ졣
Ϊʲô̫׷ǹпɵˣѪףͲܾصطһߡ
С뿴ܹͬ뿴ۡ
˻֣ǰἫңԸãϸסǰ۸ңڿҪȥҺɣ
̫أΪĴ㲻ɣӣתȥͷ˵ûܺˣ̫ʲôˣʲôݣȰЩ֪֮Ժڹôö֪治
ԭӶԱôɼ
һ˳۵ĻȻֹ
С˸Ƿ۾ԺſڵܹɫӲˡ
ܹЦЦؿŽۣǳǺıԭһ۶⣬·ºͿıѳˡ
Ȼ̫ӣܹ׽ƽԳơ
ⷬȷʵǵ
̫ӵ¡ȴһֱδȵܹ˵
ֻȵĽŲԽԽϣҲ
ͷϵӰӡ
ӣЩ˺£עԵܹżֳŪʵҪȥʽة࣬Σ
⻰⣬ݷĶֻ̣˽һˡ
ʱɫɷף΢΢
½ѵǡ۵߶ڷǿ־
ܹҲֻӸˡ
˵СĿһݣŭëСèһٿҪֵļơ
ҲƵ뿪ֻüСľͷȥȴܹѽ˴ᱧһӰ
Խȭ߬øĶ亹
ܹСûţӽͣûЬͳˣģ糿ǺúܣӲãС¸Ҫע⣬ҪȾҩֵ
СҪȥ鲻ԸסèצҪ롣
ܹûʹʲôͽΰڻһ·˷䡣
ͽӣȥ㲻ҡԺµ侲ŵСܹȴһš
ܾҲûƢСһֳ֡
ܹŻ齣Сһŵؿڡ
ҲСйŭ˹ƽ۵塣
ܹ񣡡Сպ֬ŭ֣Сèˣûʲôԣͷһ
Ҵˡֻܹ֪
СϣŵҲһ룬¶ɴ£īɢţסƬѩ׼
ܹ˶٣ҪȥȥСȴΪҪֶţԵһƴ֡
žһΪ࣬۵Լü
Ҳǡܹջֲͣ˵ڣ˵һֱɣ۲ۣ
Ÿڳ

Сŭûʢˡ
Ҳϲ㣡һҲ뿴㣡̫ӵ£оҸϲ㣡
ܹᱻ񣬵˵ЩﻹǷɬۡ
ʱ˺Ժļӻ
Ƿв޶ŭ⣬ĻǾ¡
ֻıʵȥʵնҲʵ
ÿһ䶼СƵøԶҲĲ
ҵĴܹüĿ̬ʮֳϿңһӡ
С侲ϥǿһۣ־ûôˣǲ뿴
Ҳ˵
ܹüЦһá
ˡ                        
лҪ˵ܹҴˣڴ


 44 

ʱѩ˪֪ܹ̫, ֻСӱӣˡ
ֱܹ뿪, ˪ɫ, ̾ò, , žͲǳ֮, ɵѾͷģ
СںԺι, Щơҵɡ

Ҳϲ, 㲻Ҫ˵ɫ˪ҲٿЦ
ҰǸ׽ģҾƶֵˣˣҲ޷ٵԺ顣ʱʲôҲû˵, ֱûԺСŷӦǲˡ
, Ǹŵʹ, Ϊˮ߹صӦҲǵ, ڳһվţҪļȥɡպȥݵն, ˳·ȥ
, ǺǸдŵģ
Сһӿ˻ϲʰ֣ůսʪķ϶
Ц, Ѳˣ˪̲סһ䣬СûзϣҲûϵЦⲢδȥ
˵ҾͿ㹤Ǯˡ
˪ҪȥݣСһ׼һǡ
ܾźȰ˵СԸȣԸסҲҪȡغʰż
ԺԴЩһһ˿׼Ҫ¡
ж˸첲OĻԹޣͳҪȥС鷳
翴óԺھǱˣ㱨ҲѡھС˪СϰᣬҪǣֱ
һҪҽѵ֪ߵغļˣܱҿϣ֪Ǽĸ֣ײĲĶʱ˶ϣҵҪҿģ
OϣĿ¶׹⣬ıŶСơ
ҪЩˣʲôѱŮ߿ɸŸ
*
ڶһ磬С׼˳ǵˡ
ܹȻҲõϢ֪ҪȥȡʰʱһسĬá
ջǶ˼˸ߣȷȵĻسǡ
һ·˳⣬Ҫϴղܵվȡţ콫Ǳ㶯ˡ
˪һӵУ˪ЩҪС·ȥݣ˶ߴġ̵˺ͨһŵķˣٱһ·Ѻ͡
ӣԼĪʮˡ
С˯ȳ˳ǣ·濪ʼƽ̹·ѣôҲ˯ˡ
ˣЩͷǡƿľɽӡ
İ峵ϵȹƼõ̽ͷ࿴˼ۡ
СסĿĹߣʵλ˵Ǻδ
ȹ￴ҲԺŤͷȥĸףŻشСɽ뾩ǺԶˣһվݡ
뾩ǲԶˮûв̫Զ߿ǸС鷳
лС˵꣬ҪԴس
ȹȴֿˣСȥΪ£Ҳ׾𣿡
СҡҡͷҲȥݣҪȥվš
Щʱղ̫ƽһзңһŶѣСðգ
С˶٣شһţ޷ұʳѰҹǣҡ
ȹһ˵ı飬Ц˵ɵѹ֡ҲģλҲҪˣҲܺɰͷϡ
СҪ˵ǣסˣ˵ͷ˵ԸҲǣ޶ͷϡ
Ȼ⻰̫ˣԵĸһƣЦŰڸ˼ͷˡ
Сס⣬΢ӣ˰βջĿ⡣
Ѿˣ榵ԺԽģ
ţ᲻ҲͨĸŮһܷ榼ͷجεıס
Գ˵׾پܵõĶȴôѣúûŶѡ
ӿݵ·ջǻεСͷǣ԰ܾ˵ͣһȥ
ܾ֪ӲʣҲû˵ʲôͣºСʵϣŸо˲١
˪ͬеĴ˵ע⵽СĶҲ
˺üʱȵúܣƵҲ֪ʱܵ
˵û취·ߵÿ죬ֶúܣС·ͺˣִ̰ɡ
˪첻ٶԣС˵ɡ˵ѩä֢
֪˶ãɽȸܾ
˽̸Ǣʱһ֧ƿնֱֱھʯϣݰס
ܾǵһӦˣһʣ̽С
ע⵽ɼҲɧǰܡ
ּܣĻķš
Ǽ֧ɼ͵ˣҽ𣬰ռѪŵǰܣŴС˾ͻ
˶šˡĻ

ܾСȥԼǰ
СȥĿ޺÷ɿ죬δüƽһ֧ƿĳڣͷֱӴⶤ˽ЩҪϡ
ܾ죬ÿӣûּ
нɿ죬ߵȣҪץסʲô
£ŵ̺ϣѹˡ
Уӵ°ھеĲˡ
ڻζУ⣬Ⱥ㾭Ļɳʯ
߲ˣǰ·ȥǰ߿·
Сܾ˵һ䣬ͣˣǴ˷ĲҽڼҪ̴ĶĤ
ָ߬΢΢ܾ
Ӧ
˳ſ֮µһʬ
ųѪĿģ
˺üǰɱ㳯һ˪
û˻شϸѰֿڵΪһס˿ڵˡ
С˿Ҫȥæһλ̴ֹ˵ĪҪɽЩҵǳģ
㶣˱صˡ˵ǡΪң
ȥɣ
СˮǸΣҡҲ֪ҽȥɡ˺öˣҲ֪
֪ô£ôǳģ
Щ˶Ǳ
ǱбģȻҲֻ˵ʲôСһѣסͼˡ
ΧҵĽŲϣӱ͵ƿЦֳСֿˤڵأŽƽİʬࡣ
СгҪһ̴ţС˵Ųע⣬˻ˣСȥɣϾˡ
˵ȥɱˡ
СһҽУͷһŷԺҵŮӰڵ衣
бǸ̸ЦŮӣʱ޺űѹ£˺òӡ
˶Աûע⵽ϵ۸
СֽŶڲ˵մȾѪĽܹȥ
˱ɱ˫ۣŮӿ޺̫˿ûע⵽Сֻüؿڴľʹ
ʹԼȫȥ
Ƥ̴󷢳΢ͷƤ顣
ȳѪȹϣʹһŮƿ
СֲƵĲţŮӽӣس̼£ѪɽŮӵϣϰɫҰҲŨѪ
СӣŮϡ
ۿҪˣҵСڿߣ
СŮһҲûһܣһˡ
Ů˫Ŀͣʧǵӣȹӱ˺ѣЬҲ֪ȥŸĥѪ
ûµģûµġ֪Լ˵Щʲôۿһɬȥóȴǰܾ
ǰȴ֪˭ӾлعŷǴĲҩ
˪
ܾأСջѪ֣ʼˡ
󷽶ҵˣҵӦǳСģ·ʱˣֻܴС·¹Ҳȥݣ»Сȥݣʱ»͡
¹˵ЩǳСģʱʧȥȥ˺С㣡ôĲ㣡ôȥΪʲôҪң
ڼŭ㷢ʲô裬Ҫǹ֣ˡˣǼСܵ˵𣿡
־ǴŮӣһ£סʧޣһһС񾭣ѡ
糱ˮΧ˴
Ҳǹġ
С˵һ䣬һ׷ˣС뻥ɽǡ
Сŭôܣ˵ʲô
ŮӿͣСһƿ
ײڳϣһ죬۵õ
Ҳôģһ߰ɡ
ߴٵСɣӦɽ˵ģȵʱٳȥеõϢܿͻˡ
СŮʵأ
С²ܻŮһۣͳذ׵ݸСС㱣ء
䣬ɳ۶ȥ
СŮɽߣⱻ˺ҵѰ
ձï֦ܵҶڸǣʹȣҲֻñ
ָ΢ĲѪѾɳѪ顣
ûмôˣûɱ˭
ʸ̴Ƥ͹ͷѪɽǰ
һجΣϣֻǸجΡ
ŮͻȻ˦֣ڵϿʼ
ּžֻʣĿ̫СοЩˣúûš
̫ˣ̫ˣҲܼ޸֪᲻Ҫҵġ
˵ɡ
Сסһ㶼࣬Ǹ쵰Ѿˣû˻֪
Ůӳãڳݲ˵Ҫϴ衣
·ҿкӣɽϪҴȥңϴͰЩ˺òã
һ·ŮǶСº͵ذ
ϵ˺СְЬ¸
ɫʱ˹ȻҵһɽȪ
СһȪˮֻаôѾѵˡ
Щǳģпܻɽˣ¶һֱĵġ
СߵûʹҪǿԼ
ԵŮӱȰο˼ʱ㻺ЩһԲȪˮϴۻࡣ
ϴúϸһҲŹ
ɽȪˮ̹ǣȴһ룬ָݵķ壬Ǽϴ
С˵Щʲô־ں
*
ܹϵҵڼպȥݵ·϶֣ȴû뵽ҵðű¶ΣȥСС˲ˣΪлƫƫˡ
˵ɽǣǲҵôҡ
ʧС
õܾϢʱСѾҲˡ
֮ǰҵɽϷȥԶǰʬ塣
СУѪȴ֪˭ġ
֪С£ֻܹúͣˡգӶϵȴ׹ѡ
ٳ£һβˡ
ʱȥСҵ
̧ܹʸڳϵǵһαѹ
ΪʲôҪ侲ôãƺûΪκ˳嶯
ҪУֻ
µȥСԼվԸ
Ϊ˱ݾߣֻһҵƵùǽֻܹһȥС
˲ΪȾһҵ
ǰȰ˼ܹһŲ
ܾ˪ɽһСǸҵ˶
ƽӹܵĻʵۣʹ͢һáܹ̫ӣҪҾɹĴҲ׵£ĸֺţƱҪ£˽ǵ¡֮ϵգȴ죬Ҳû뵽С
˷СĲͬСв
ΪԼߡ
ԭеġ
*
ɽǰȣҹ䵽˷
СĵãǳŲסֱ˯ˡ
Լĳ¹ϣ賿ʱֱˣͬڹǷ죬۵ü
΢¶ȴǻ谵һƬ
ڴʯϿһҹȽŷ飬ǿԼվ
Ǹߣô粻ˣ
СһƬ磬۾Щ壬Ȫˮϣһ˹̧ͷҪŮӣǰһĻȴ˲佩ס
ڵĻɤۣĿѵؿǰͬˮͷ£ʼ˲
ҹĬϴԼĹɫĵϣ˺ѵȹڱɽ紵΢ҡΡ
ϵɳѪϴɾΪһкúûţΪ˸
СΪϵӣ˵ӣһֻЬڵأ¶˺۵ĽŸ
ɫ谵£Сֱ۲ſ޳̫ˣֻԼǿס
ȵ̫𣬺⽥ˡ
ǿſ־彫ŮӴӰб佩ӲʱҪؿ޳
ҹ˯̫죬ʲôʱ˶֪
˯ţӦġ
Сжβ϶Լ˵ЩƵӿ
ûо£ûоĿ־塣
ֻʣԼ֪ߡ
Сӣڵרעٿӡ
ٲʬҰ
ܹСߵ²¶ţһʱ䶼վҪŵ˻Ҫٵȵȡ
СʧС·Ǵɽߣãټ
ȴ룬
ټСʱѾʧһһҹɫѾ
һȰܹЪϢȴһ·
ôһС·ҵˡ
СڵϣѾٳһӣָĥƤһ˫ҲţͷҵĴ
Ƥ԰ѩɽеľȡ
һ̧ۿܹ
С壬ֻ谵ͻȻֵӰ۾ܹ
Ⱦ£ֻ߬еذס
ӰͣƬ̣Ȼֿ
ľŵٽ㣬˳ȥʱͬʱذ˳ȥ
һʹƺǾ伫ΪϤϤĻ
С㡭                        
лҪ˵ǧ֣ºһ𣬲ȱ໡


 45 

ذ״ȥʱ, ַܹһ£ûб̼Ҫ, ȴ˵òᡣ
ϴʹʱ, ͻȻ, ǸӦ
, СҲᱻ
Խ, ԽһеҪץ, ԽǽøԶ
Сܹ, ʱ£ֶذף˴ڳݲصǸ
ж˲ʵѪ
ҲǡҲ֪㣬ôᡭԲ𣬹Բ𡣡
޴֮, Լĳƺܹ, ƽ˽, ʹһ§㣬ûˡ
СǵõƬ̵磽, ҭűڻ
ɽҰߣҲҲʱĵ·, ߡһյڳһǳ, ǿܽȥ
ȹĹʬҰҰ޿ʳʬǡ
˿ϴܹ꣬ݲݰ, ʼѯС⼸շ¡
ǿǾŮʬӣô£
СѪ¶ȥ΢ĨȥĿ־塣ҹˣʱϡ
δˣȥҲΪջԲѡ
֪ԼһջôѪջԼǳЦ˵ˣת۾ͳ˱ʬ塣
ܹ񿴳Сں£Ȫˮߣϵϴˡ
˪¹£ʹΧֲָ
΢Ĺ⣬ܿϵ˿ںȹϵѪ
ΪҰЩ˺𣿡
ǡܹĺ󱳣ϸοһСΪݵˮŵɽһգɺϡҵ°㣬ԴвңʧߣûϵЩ޹ءҵɱˣֻá
˵꣬Сквԣ˲ˮ
ôˣôҵҵģ
Ҿˡ
΢ͷлл㡣
æȥĹˡ
С֪Ƿмˣֻ֪иɣ˱Ҫɻ顣
һಡݣסδЩ˵ˣΨСԼ֡
ܹһҵǧѷĺʱ
Ƕ˴Ѳҵˣ㶯ɱ޻ˣٷµλ
ҹҵѰܹҲúСɽൢ飬ֻҹ·ĵ˻͡
Сδʳûʲô·Ҳں档ܹҪС˼ϵ˾ܾˡ
ȵҹȻ˶
ܹĽŲԽ鸡һЩˤСȥƣŷֲ֪ʱļǹ̵ˡ
£
Сһۣ̻⡣
±أ¶
ԱϣͷҲص뿪ֳҵ
Сܹһºʱܿҵ
ܹĶͷԽ̣СϢҹＫΪСȥ棬һĶĺȻͷࡣ
ܹϢģȵƺܽˡ
ȵŲԶȥҪջ֣ȴ߬ס
ˮɫк£ӳϣһ⣬ƫһ˫͸ۣ΢΢ɣԵҹĹȡ
ˡ
СԼֳҲߡ
ǻ˵ģջӡ
СòУ̴ܹ·ҵˮΪҲá
˯ţǸˡ
κ̵ᣬʼ˵һЩĻ
ץСԼͷͷ˵ȡ
ջصֹסˣץŽ¡
ܹθߴҲֺ;˵ҵԶΪסҹﴵɽ硣
С˯ֱܹš
ҹֻʣ³Ͷ˵ĺܹۣ˯ˣȴʱʱ߽ᷢĻ¶һֱȥĺܹɵֻܲñȥҹ紵
ȵҹС°һһģܹȻĸ󡱣͵ػ񣬺ʹܹĿԡ
СڣɤɳţЩ
Сɪһ£ѵģͷȶȴһҲûȥȻԺš
ԲҲǲҪ㡭
㶣ŷӦ˵ǰȥ´纮ݵ¡
ѾȥôãҲ˵ûԹޣܹʶ˻˵Щ
Ҫʲô˵С˿ҵشڼձߡҶ㣬ϲʰˡ
Сɵ˻Ҫ˵ЩúЦ治֪ϲʲôҲֵôԺ̫ӣҪʲôŮӶԡǱƯҴ֮ǧãҺࡣʲôãҲϲ㣬ʲô㡣
˵ô࣬Щڡ˵ʲôأָøɸɾ
ܹ񽥽ֻסƣָǴǱһƬһקͽԼ
ɪɪȻůĻƬ̣ȴΰס
Ƕ㡣
С˶٣˵ҵϲʱǶ飬ЩִҵϲʲôҲû
ܹڴͷͫӳµĹ⡣
ֻһ㣬ˣվ㡣ԸԹңʲôҪôõˣΪʲôϲ
Сû˵˵ࡣ
ܹ˵ô໰ʱ̣ǷɽԶյȡ
㣬ʱ㻹СҾ־޵ķʲôʱϲ㣬Ҳ֪кܶҪ£ҪöҪá¶ܶ⣬Ҳøˣ̫ӵگҲ˿ЦǸʱֻ㡣ܹ۾ɤڷ
Ҵδϲ˭һϲ˾ͳ˴ԲˣС
ܹ˵꣬һʪᡣ
֪ԼΪʲôޣǾί
Ȼǹȥܾõˣǻᡣ
±˵ˣ˯һɡ
㲻𣿡
Ҳȥ
ܹͺʱתһ㡣
ȢˡƵ˵һ䣬ԼԹ
Сһԣ˵Ҳ˵ˣ˯ɡ
һҲɾˡ
ܹ˯ţС࣬նŵӰ
ܹ񣬲ϲ⡣
鰮ҪĶҪѡ˶Ὣ鰮ڴҪλãҲһ
ɽӺĮԭȥĵطǡ
ܹԺһʰҲΪĴ󽫾
ϣһжãҲϣԼһжá
ԣúûʵף϶궼δ֪α鰮Ͼ壬ûлᣬȥ¡
ʳСתѣԼҹʱ˯ȥ֪
ʱȴԼܹϣ۾£ɡ
ܹʶˣĽŻߣ
ҹ谵һƬȹţֱ糿ŷ˺ۣվһۡ
㶼˵𣿡
СС̫鷳ˡ
ܹŭεǰǶҪޣ϶Ҳ֪ۡ
˵סһЩ¡
ڶСǿ޹ģƺǴǴιٲǰᡣ
лҪ˵£Сȥһܹġ


 46 

, 峿ĹⶼôĿСժƬҶסչ, ҲûȥܹĻ, Ķ
δ֪, ӦûԶˡ 
Сӻ, Ҳ̫˳, ͷȥ
ܹŲ΢, ʵǲˣ
ǡ, ˵ȥܹĶͷ¶Ѿ̵ˣԼָȡ
˯һɣ˵ˡ
ˡ
˿ڲû¡ܹƽȣĪİ
öûúЪϢ, Ѿƣ, ƽ, ñ˯ȥˡ
ಡִҹ, СȾϷ纮ǱȻ
ɽһ²ʡ, ʲôʱݶ֪
ܹ񰲲ǽɽҵ, ҲҵǱĶˡ
Сصʱǲ̬ĺΣͬ, ġ
ҩҪǿŲιȥݸۿɼݡ
ܹУÿʶѵĿԣеǸα糱ˮӿϣͣĴۡ
Щ⽣Ӱթ£ؽǣ
ˮδܻȫ
һˣܾ˪ӳ˪ͬеλɥɽ
ݣҲûжʱˣѸټ˾ΰյĴС
˪ʦҩȵˣߺˡ
ۿСĲתܹȥλԷĽ˸˻ֻܹܰæȥݷáβ˵ʱżҩ룬ʱ붯
ΪСκд˷ȥҩĿǺεܹ̽񣺡ǸҩˣϧӸҩܻˣҩˣǳ֮ơ
ܹ񣬹в֮
ù纮ݣ
֣΢ȷʵˡ
С͵ؿʼԣָ߬죬ץ塣ɵۺֲؿʼˡ
ãǡƬں硱
ܹӽסм˵ı
Ȼ֪ǰ̫ӣҲ֪Скŵˣˣ㻹Ը
ܹСһۣǶָС
Ҹȡ
ȻһЦ첻ʡ
ҩֶҩƵģȻáдӣԺúúҩʳʳҲµĴʩٿҪһ
ǰȵЩҩã
ǰЩҩҶˡǴǸģֻǹˣ̫ҽҩҪӹǺ£ֻҿϲˣҪҩ
ܹüͷ΢壬еֿĿɢȻ˭Ҳûץֲͣغ硱
һжֻҪܾ
*
С֪ԼʲôݣֻһжģģΡ
Ｘ˳Ƭ̣תֻΪӰ 
ʱȹɫ׵ϵĳʱǺһѪɱһתֿۣʪܵر˵һжȥˡĺˮ͹ڱǣϢٵʱǰȴͻȻһһץ͵ؽˮ档۵չʲôҲû壬ֻһС
ǹˮʪ䣬ﴩƵʵСȻѣϾǺ
ѾУȴ䣬亹
һ߳ӣң˶æ³ȥ

ȿȡСɤ۵Ҫ˵ɻգգۡ
ʣ˵⼸һֱûѣ˼һֱģ㡣ˡ
䣬һײ졣
ܹ߽ңĿֱֱСϣûȥ˱ˮݹȥ
ԥؿ˿ǣ֪ԼǷü
Сˮȵ̫ԼǺˣܹнӹСļ
ܹûпڣҲˣվһ͵͵ˡ
ɼܹģ
ôãҲ¶飬ΪԹء
СܹһЩԼƫͷȥԣŵлл¡
ܹޱؿһθе񡰶л֡
ÿ˵һΣöࡣ
Сֳһпɺã
İɣӿɱõöࡣ
СͷǱá
˵գʲôƵĿܹ񡣡˺𣿡
һ䣺ʲôˣ绹ˣȺҵҶԵ̫֡
СɫӣͷСض˵Բ𡣡
ܹӹӣЩӲȥɡ
ӣҲˣƿæߡ
ײ̶ҩĿζ
СӣڴϣӦǸ졣
кþûգԵľɫˡ
ʲô
⧲С˼ֱӣش𣺡һóΣкöˡ
ܹɤӻţȥ˱ˮݸ
ЩӸղѣһֱ˵ѾǵˣȻΡ
⼸գǾ£űյָ΢
ѹˣˡ
⼸յĻԣѲ뵽ǰ´纮ݺþòѣϢһαһ΢
ôˣղܹûлش
С˶ѣ޴󰭡ӣǰǰԡ˵˼ɿڣǼǲסʱ㡣ܾǴСϰ䣬̺ˣ©ģҲҪ¾ϸʱСضտ
ǲǻˣŲյ䲻˵һ䡣
ܹɫ˵ʲô
СЦֻʣܻãҶԶǲܽܵ¡ֻʱ䲻࣬Щ±ϲˡ
ֻܹС˵Ůѧ£ɫЩҪϹ룬㶨Ҫġ
ڣҵΪţܹ˳ϣһɻһȥɱˮڼյˣͬЩʬλز͵ĹԱҲҴնˡ
⣬̲ĶУ̫گ
ǰ˵ʱ̫Ҳڡ
ǳ̶ȥģΪ˽ˣСҲĿ֮һ
ҲˣҵͷɱСĻᡣ
ץС͵OϾжӣ׿ڱ֤
Щʲô֪𣿡
ܹһ˳ȾİվҸ룬Ͼݹº͵ЦʵĹ͸Сϣʥ˰㡣
Ѫģ˿ڣæҡͷ֪֪ҷʲôҲ֪ҾΪǮûʲô
ŶֶܹһЦãҿɾ˷ˡ
˼ձѪǺûʲôǸԵ˰˵Ҫǹ͵湻͸ǡ
ܹϵЦȥްУԾռ۵׵
ɱؽ̫ʹ졣
ԱϺתȥĺͲҽֱչϣŲҵȳڽ߬š
ҵ³ȥġ
ˣǽ߰ġ
*
С纮պãȥ˪ΰա
һƣ͸ȥ󷽰żҩ
ʱһһϴϴȥҩζ
˼ҲҪ÷ֻܹܳС
ܹСĹȥޱȺ棬ŷӴ̽ȴҲֻǿ֪СฮŮ
һΪةֻȢأҾ˵ôõˡ˵պյСǰ˼ۡǰҪȢܽǼٵİɣǺȥˣȥˣ
СЦЦ˵
㿴ұðһûģͷȥԶ̫ҽԺӵġ
ԺӣСɫɻ󡣡˵ԺԺ̫ӵģ㣿
ӦԼ˵©죬־ûʲôˣ˵ǰ㿴ã֪ҪǴ˿ôõˡ
СЦȫޣۿŲյƯĲĩ鷴ãεģ㻶ϲҲ
ţɣ㲻𣿡
ˮڣȴֻ˿ɬ޻ظʡ
κ̾һûʲôܸġ
ǰǣǡ                        
лҪ˵һ£ڼӽʱд
ÿߵҶпǣ̫лл

 47 

ŵ, СӦͻˡ
ܹҳҪȥ, ߵһ۷, ȥ·
С·պ, żնج, ضŲöѪζ
ȻδѪ, ЩҴ, ۱ǹζȾ
ܹ, ߽Сʱδͨδӣ˵̸˶
㻹Ҫߣǻݣ㲻ھ𣿿ұϲ㰡϶Ըߡ
Сƽͣǲᣬûʲôԥػش̫־Զ, 鰮һ취, Ե, ܻټġ
ܹ񻺻׼ÿ֣Լŵ, ӻѾˡ
ͻȻһ, Ҫ˿̳ǰ, ֪ôסһƵס
塣
ʵڿЦ벹뻹塣
֮һԵټ˽ġ
ܹվƬ, ۻȥˡ
С˵ԺҪߣҲ˵ϲ
һУڳԼ̤⣬þһзʽء
һԸҲãҲãȡֻԼܡ
СҪѾѰˡ
Ǹ˵ȹŮӣǰ˵ҵסСмˣǱЩǮѰŷ˶ڷ˿ܵ£ʣһסݼңϾǼ£С˵ȥǺ󣬼ҲشӦˡ
ǹΪ࣬͸ҲͣҲŽʮꡣ
Ǹ鶯ģҲСʲôʹʲô
Ϊȥ࿴Żмڲú󣬹պҪȥ𣿡
Сĳƺ΢ü˵ػҽ㣬Ҵȥǣպϰ֣ԺķӶܺ룬㲻ġ
ഹۣ΢ллϧ
ȥɡ
СӻڴͷλȻ˯
ҹ󣬼žΨгөҶͣڴǰ
ӻɢʣ׵ҹͻȻĿԣͬ˺ѷ졣
Сڴ齱߿ȸͣйѪſƣģҹɫ壬
ﱻ΢ܿеѪҹɫīһ㡣
̾˿ȥӲֵ˱ˮڡѾ˯ȫޣɵػ𷽲ŵجΡ
ʱҹġӰζżөɹžЩ¡
ؿŴ⣬Ҳûעᣬ̵õһ£æ̨֡
ʱͻȻ¡
ҹͻȻţŵһ
ϰ˯˿ţŮǲҹġ
˳ĸǳߵŮˣŹ
ҹúܣҲô˯ſڵ˵˾䡣û£ȿڲ裬Щȥ˯ɡ
Ƭ̺ûʲôŲǰ˳Ĭ
СɻҪʣ˿ڡ
ǲجˣ
ºͣڵҹİɢجδľ̡
С˼ȥš
ܹһյ˳еīɢڽŨҹɫ
洩ŵѣ˼ӣȰն˼ɢ⡣
Сӹȵò񻰣ҹƫַʱô뵽
ܹһˣۼؿϱһŵԼùĲˮ
ָյŤͷҪȾͽ˸ȥȲ裬ܺġ
˵Լֻڣ˵ܹ϶ҪΪʲôڣǻǲ˵ˣͷʾԼסˡ
ϵѪ㲻࣬һҲѪܲ¿ʲô
ղôˣ
ղŵ϶ܹˡ
Ǳһ£ûʲô¡
ܹɨһۣ˱ˮ߽
Сͣ£ƽؿ
վǰǺʰ㻹𣿡
С»·ᣬûȥܹ
صǺһ˰ðԺӵǮ㡣ܲЩ˻ȥҪٸˣҲϲһһ˶š
ڱ㡣
֪лл㡣С̶̧ڣӳԾ𡣡ҳܲ𡣡
ܹ˻߷ĨЦԳã޿κ¶ĿЦ
ûЮͼ˼ҺãΪֲϽҶĺáͲһãκ㣬챦㣬ŮѧҲ㣬ҪʲôҶǰֻҪ¡
СӣЩԻ־øпǰġ
ǰܹ֮ӣǫ˵ͷ
ǳ侲Ӳ¶Ȼ顣
ܹô˵ҲգգۣЦǰҴǰġ
ʱĸֻ鰮ԼҲҪ˵ĳ谮ܸͱˡ֮ǻʺȴҪ΢ģСȥֺԼˡ
˵ĸ޸ʵ֮ǰҲǸĸĿ³ĹŮһĥȥǣѧŶׯ񾲣ȥֺԼķ
ԹĸԼҲһҲ
ǲҪĥ˺òá뿴ܹ飬Ҳ޷Լ
΢
ܹһ£ǿųЦҲȥ
ĸԸ
Сſڣֲ֪ô˵
ܹԹִ֣ˮ̺λá
Լ
ûҲ˵ʲô
۲ۣ
ۡ
ʲô
ܹǱˣǳɵغǺ
С򴽲ҪԼֳܹ˳־ȥϵ
𡭡û˵ڣܹͣһ£˻ΣõԿ
Ѫӽһ߬
ʵãҲʲô¡
ܹתؿ㿩Ѫˡ
Сˮ˦˦齣赭д˵ʱҲŻѪȥݣֲΣζЩˡȳѪҪ࣬һǺúûڡ
ܹȻô龹м޴롣
ʵЩԼ⣬ЩСŵϣҲôĿࡣ
ϰõο壬ȴֲ°ꡣ
޷Ǿпޡ
˵˵ݵʱɡ
Сһۡ㲻Ƕ֪𣿡
ܹӣ֪ضǽϵ׶ڳ߹ֱļҵĹſ޹֪
ⲻҲһҡͷ׿ڸҡ
Сؾҹˣȥ˯ɡ
ݵȤ£඼ͺʰйءҪʱҪ
Ҳ
Сˡ
ܹЦʱ۾΢ţֻĺꡣ
ңұѺʰŸ㡣
һ²ŷӦ漴ɴۿһɻֱͷҪˣ˼ҹǿƽκλһڣǴ˼ҧгݵŭ⣻̫ӵ£ô˾ٱ𣿡
ҹǣҵȴʰƽȴһҲûյΪˮ£֪Ǳӡ
ܹһߣܵıǸҲм˵ˣЩ¶Եζ
֪Ҳ˾ӣżֶҲϡ档
СĿһܹϡ
˿裬ɵЩڣƫͷȥһ
˵˵ɣ˵ͰŸ㡣
С޿κΣĺ˵ԼݵӡһڣЩͷ
ݵĴβãڿظôģҲĲٻؾǡ
ܹ˵ЩҲ˱جξѵĺ¡
ֻͺʰĵĳȥ棬ܹɫǲÿġ
һֱ˵ȥѩʰΪ˸ѩԽԽСЩģˡ
Ƭ̺󣬺ҹعžɡ
ϡ
Сϸ˼̺ΨһĹϨ
ܹνڽҹɫС˯գЦһ
ʵҲûôɡ                        
лҪ˵ǲ

 48 

콫ʱ, Ů׼ȥСϴȴײ̫Ϸš
, Ҫ, ̫ӽָڴ, ҡͷʾԶ, ſڣҹû˯, ˯, Ҳ̫绽
Ů۾øˡ
ܹЦҹج˯, ĪҪҲ²⡣
¶ô˵ˣȻҺ˵¶λСǻǶ
Ȼδ£Ҳʲôá
ŴӷǱضҹˣֵָĶˡ̫ӵδȢ, ǰҲδļҹŮ, ̫λҪС
˼СʱѾ, Сûãϴ껹δױΡ
˯һ, ʹ̣Ҳ֪Ǻʱ˯ŵġ˯, ʵʵ̺һʵѵá
˼羱, ʵҹ˯òã
ҹüҲǣ˸جΡ
С, ˼̫֮䣬ôģ
Сûԥػش𣺡Ҳˡ
˼̾ϢһԿżɽ˵ĳԡ
Ҵ˷˵Щ㲻Ҫ롣ǸĹغʰЩ˼Ҳ֪ȥΣ̫ӵʲôҲ֪ͺʰǼ򵥵¡
С۽£ͷֳ˵ģСס
̫Ӷ
˼֪ϻۣض˼Ҳٶ˵ԵǸԧĶˣʰ֪²ҪǺСҲ޿κΡ
Щĸ׵űվһֱû͵ǣǰæ񶼰ˣհҲˣúԼûзִ磬ʲôѴҡ
С˵ͷֳһ£ĸҲվǺأģ
ʰȻҲǣֻһδȥȡţӦǻվɡ˵ЩɴСûʲôɫ¶Ҳ̤ʵࡣ
ֺ˼䣬˼ȥæŴ
Сڴͷӻ
Ժи໭棬һĻĻǺʰ
ɤʰʼ⿪˿УһЦӯӯָ
Ҳ𴲣ðźǰѩˡյʱ̨һ跼ӡ
ʰ᲻һȥǣȥھҸõĴҽΡ
ôľǣƫƫ˼ܹԶףٴξ
ǡ㲻ˡ
ܹǾʰǶЧҵĳӡ
б𱰡ҵļҹдǺʰңҲǲҡ
ǲԸ⺫ʰΪһ;϶
ִˣҲẦ˺ʰ
˼˵ίҲǲֻ֪ﻹһϣֻܹһʱȤܴ켸α
ԶҪƫִеòĲݵζ
ûܹ񣬺ʰԺҪ󽫾Ҫڳ·Ҫ˽ס
ཨҵΪҪɽˮ
ȫʲôҪ
ܹп飬СЩ⡣
ŵ£
ƭң
ܹ鷭һҳµƭ㣬ջؾΪȥվȡˣؾ㽻㡣
СһۣתҪߣܹ鰸˵ةţһݣ𣿡
ӰûŸòÿ
ܹԽŲ𿪣ȰǿɣۺûҲһ
˵⻰ʱһЩ£ࡣ
СӹŲ𿪡֪ǲ֪˵ʲôãǸ׶Ů򵥵ĹģҲֻм䶼ǿֳ׽ʵ˴ĮҲ顣
ֻ˵뽪֪û飬Ȼǿ
ˣǲ⣬͵û
СһۡΪʲôҪ
ָܹͣƬ̣ʶĦҳ
ǲܻܶĶһҲǲõġ
СƶǶһԵİȴס
ǴСﱻ°ߣûŶĻᣬ˺һϰߣһ𿴡
ǰЩȤżҲٺӣҪԼĿһ顣
Сϴεǿˣ
ܹؿڣʲô飬ô֪
ĵãƲϵŮ˵С飬ŽøС
Ǳμǣ
׼˵ʲôҪ뿪ʱſڵͨ£á
̧ܹۿСѵϿֳͣ˱Ȿɣûȥҩˡ
С뿪δžȳſɡ
һۣϷʵż·ɹ
ǵǣǰѩäʧһӣۼǿ⡣
ùӣʲô¶̯ˡ
СεҲôá
СԶˣܹŷ飬һ
˷ǰȷʵ󡣡
һüʲô¡
ܹ񲢲ϡ
*
ˮ֮дߣⳡֹסˡ
ܹݰ£ⲻҪ⣬ܿʹС˾ǡ
ĸдţܹҲҪȥ֮ܵ˵һ·ڱԹ굽С˵ܹ񻵻Ӿȥ
̫ӻسҲ졣
˴ҵ粨ٵ̫üǿӲֶΰγ
ͬЩʬλزͣӪĹԱק˳
ڳϷܹļϳۿŻҪյǰˣΪڷ׷򺡹ǡ
ܹҲ棬ʶʱ˶ǵ㵽Ϊֹ
ͷɱҲûŹةཪ֪Լµ˺ݺݿһѣһ֮ǱѺøƷĲʹ
߳ƵȨһ˾ͼְλ˭ҪŻѪ
˵ҲǸة໹ǲܱȡ
֪˽֪ڱĶ̫̾Ӵȸʦý֪ۻڵԭ
Ļ̲УǹҵǹȺգһ̵գеѪһأû˵Ь档
ѪŻȥΧ̵Ҳĺܡ
СԺĵڶա
ȥǮׯȡƱðܾضʱܹ
˵˼Ӻܹջ˰İ
ԴӻҩĲãҹȵ˺ѷΣμѪ
ʰҲԼ͵ϣ˵ű߹ط龰£ǾȤ£ûа䲻ãƺ˾ӪǼ¡
֪ⲻǺʰģϲǰˡ
ŵĽβ˵λҽ˵õŮ֮ǰһС˼ҰһؾúΣҲڵʱҪϺԼȥˣҿתߡ
Сŷ飬뵽ʰдЩʱı顣
Ժֳ˶Լá־ѧѡȥ
СԼĶˣ취Ϊʱѩ˵ϵƫ⣬ЩǸٹ̵ģܺʱѩԼҲںЩС֪ƫѳŮѧǱĬʹ˽ܡ
Ժ꣬ľ۴ĥֿ㡣
-
ʱѩڿΣС½ʶ֣Ժűá
ƿźһλݶׯŵķ˳СѺõЦЦʹʱڣ
ۣʵ˭
ʱڿΣͷɡС֣ʾγƺ
ҷճ̣﻽̷˾ͺá̷ǳЦһ£Ůнӹ飬Ŀ߽С
Сϳʱѩ鼮ԴҲǼֲˡʱѩãȴ޷ڮ٣лвŮ͵͵Ľ
Сҡӵʱֱϵľ¶̷΢ʵô£
ŶСֱ۵ˣǰᵲסڶˡǰѪҩġ
̷˸пȻˣǿ˹
ȥˡ˵Ҳϲʱʫģ
̷˵ʫģ϶ʱɣڵĹ⣬źǶˡ
ĽʱѾãֻһֱȥǰҲμʫᣬʫҲǳͣӶȲáֻǺףȥμʫϣؾûȥˡϲʫģΪʱֻҷҲ˵Ҵ˴ҲûҸ
С̲ס˵ЩŰظ

 49 

̷ĽʱѩĲѧ, ԺԽԽƵżԼʫȥ̡
СЩ, Ҳֻżͳ̷ļ䡣
ô, ˵ʲô, ̷˿Сø, Ҳ̽
ö֮Ϥ, ֽ糣ˡ
ֻÿγ̷˵λƢ, Űظɷ, ڲԸ̸ӡ
Ͼ˵˽£ȻӶ̸УСԳ̷˵ķвδ֪ȫòʱҲݲһ๡
Ҫ룬Ժô, 㸸ױضǲġСĴ, ̷˾ɵصɴۡ, Ƿ̫Ϸˡ
СЦЦ˵ûи, عǷӦʡҲҪԵ֣ûʲôԵء
Ǿ䡰ûиסں, ̷˵ͱø, ֹãðһ䣺Ҳô˵˿ôأ
˵ţƵԼʫ, ͻȻͳĬˡ
Ҳȫǣʱδɻ飬ҲڣԼϲ¡ˣΪޣԵ֣Ҳǿ˭˵׼أҲȥɽˮе;иˣ뻻С˵˼䣬Ҳûȥȴע⵽ŵĳ̷䣬˼ģ
һϰּ֣ŤŤȴС㿴
СЦдòֻҪٹЩ
ţȴɨ̷ϵĨЦʱˡ
˵ùٻǻֲ֣Щ˻黭ģҪ˿˵׼ӱҲ
תдõһš
Сʣôأɵüſ˵ʲôԺȴĴǼš
ѵѧûúϿˣ׷̽ԴԺӿ
۫ʮغһ
Сɫȥ΢΢һü󣬲ŻŤͷ̷ˡó۫Ǵֱһţŵó̷Ӷڶ
˵λ
̷֪ԼСʵò䣬ϿҵҲ֮٣£Ҫʵһľĸ
ĸˣ̴֪˻ҪҸʡ
С
̷ֱͣص˼¡
СٲȥǻԺ
̷ΣſȥǰԼʫߡıӰ˸Сһ񡣡
Ŷ
ֱ۫ؽԺſں޺޵һڡ̫Ӻ徯棬ҲǽСڵáӶЩĵŮ˻һ
ڵʫ۫һӵĻѹסʫһѳϡٵǰŭ˵Ƶ˵κף˭Ӳκ㰲ִַڼвãҪȥЩ߰Ķʱѩ˺潼к㻹ĽѲҲЧ£ǽСֶŮ㻹ϸŴյǰǺξģ
۫ͷһѵ⣬̷ֻǺָճȭ˰Σû˵Ļ
֪ܣ
۫˵űȥ˺ʫһٶ㽫ŭһڳ۫ϡסڣ
һƣ˶ˣӦĿѵؿ
̷ӶĨߣͲң֪æԼ£Ʒٶȥܽˣ㻹ҪｪСպҪ̫͸ûгͷ֮ˡ
ִۣ۫˻ȥ죡ܽճС㣬ﲻһ֣֪ˣҪȻ˸ٺúʰ㣡
̷ź׵Ķգ޵һһģԽ߬˺ѵʫš
*
ӳ۫󣬳̷˾ͲٵԺˡ
ʱѩ䲢û̫Щ£СԽԽЩҲ֮Ժ
ԺȰСԶܶⶼˡ
СЦŴȤ˿£ᣬʵؾǾΪβ񲻼תˣԽԽʱݣĸ׸ҪѹǲȰԼԼҲҪΪ㵣ǵˡ
Сһߺ֮⣬ͬԶԺ˽ʱѩ䣬Ҳࡣ
ܹæ£żСΣ˵Ĺϵع㡣ڻɽҰһǲڡ
ѺֻԼںÿÿʾãֵزԸܡ
֪ٺǷ˺Щӣƺ뿪ˣֵҲɢڣֻǱ˳䲻ʹ죬Ҳ̫ѽܡ
СȥԶǴһŮѧھеķ粨ҲţѪŨˮĹ⣬ԹҲԹһӡպ̫ΪȥʲôŮѧ˵ȥЦ
Щ֪ҲýȥСѰҩȥȴ˻
̫Ҳǿ⣬СնߵŮýϹöʳʢĵӻҪȲ衣
ȵӣʼתûôѰˡ
ͬСܹ֮ͬܶ䣬ȴǷɿ졣
ƲϽĳκν˼ȥˮո¶ͷǣֵʹͣ˳¹
ǻʺĸ壬ýôʺ档
ʺƫԸֱ˵˴ͻ¡ܶһʣ֪ãд˴ͻگ顣
ܽʹȥ͡ԵţϣСڽȥȾȽܽС˯δˣȴ䳰˼䡣ǰةܵ䣬ظôһ
ȾɼѰģͬƹ֮İٻ֮ʱ񲡣
ܽԹҧԾѺ󿴵͡ʹģֲôȥ֪͡ȥСʱԽ⣬ȴ̲סȥŮ
С˵ʲôˣ
Ů֧֧죬ŰѽĻԭⲻ
ֿܽǣָǶЩ¡

ǰگӴͷΪƽյһλδ޹ȥֺģǷ˳Բѷ
ܽЩħˣһţƽҪȢԣүˣҪȢ
ѾЩǣС㣬û
ܽϵ¯ƿɨ䣬һءȥߣ
Ъ˹﷢һͨ侲ڵϣͷֱۡ΢΢ţҲѹ֡
*
ϦȥԵҪСһ
֣СüһŶͷ˵飬ûõġ
ΪҽڡҿǿĴ˵˶ˣôͲˡ
С̾˵ģǰʶѣȻԵҲûߵһܶⶼлԼˣõЩȻҪҸ
Цȥҽڣô֪ھʶʲôѡ֮ͬһڷп˯ͷҪˡ
ðɺðɡСӦˣһȥ˼ַꡣ
ʱ֪ںдܹ֡õʱҵøߣȻ˿ҲȴǶ                        
лҪ˵Сһѡ
˵ǲԼ
Сǣδ

 50 

ط, СǷ
һγ棬ȥľܹǣִ, ȥԷ̻, ֿΡ
һôĻȥ, , Ҫฮ
ܶ˶Ϊȷ, ȴʼһϣ, Ըôˡ
ô˵, Ȳܹһ䡰
ǸʱľҲá
ʵΣͽ˱
֪ɫ˸߲Сȥ档
ѽҪܣŮҵ֡˼ǰ˵, Ҫܶ˽, δɻܻˡǺ, κ˼ҲˣֻСſ, ö˵гء
籸ãǲ, С
С˵Ҳʲô, 󣬶ܶͽŨҲôյǰɷ羰
Сݺ͹ȥܺ, ʱʸܾͣҲˣȴǶԴ˱ǿҵĺ档
Ǻݺܶ׶ͬܶ߱ߺͽ˵ЩСƵظǣżش⣬ƣ롣
˼ΣüĲͣҲ
˲ãϵĵε
Ӱ㿣´Ʈҡ
ӣǺ«
Ǻ«ִ߽СԾǾ޺ʵĿ⣬Сͣ
СתģǽнԶ̯һūߵˣǵ̬ȺҲǺȺܱ˵һע⵽
СתʱҲûжֻңңӡ
ӣǺ«
СӦͳǮݸȥɡ
ϲ̵Ӧˣ̾ȥ׷̯ȹ绨һ㡣
СŲǰߣõ
ڶ࣬ȲöͻȴҲһײˡ
ȥ׷̯ʱеǮײڵأһֻɾƯְǮʰϸµؿȥҳȻŵݸ
úãҪŪˡ
öɤ̾ϳ˭
˼϶ˣѹסĵ׵Ŀϲסϵı飬С˾䣺£
ҡ 
ǮʲôͼСѾҪԶˣ̫Ҳ̧ͷǰ
ҷ𣿡
ܹģʲôǰɡ
Ȼ֪𰸣˵ﻹ̲סʧ䡣Ǯ˵ЩʲôܹͶ˵ٲȥɾ׷ˡ
ӦһҪȹȥ׷Ǻ«С
ֽסͣʱ÷ɿ죬ۺϣܹ񣬵˵ʲô
һɣǷǰƺʲôü۶ȾᡣǰҲϲЩ
áϴӦˣֹסķᣬȥ׷Сû˴롣
*
ҹɫˣֵ֣ۼŮڴɡ
Сฮʱ򣬸еŮҲһ֣榼ŮǻһɫãЩƽ֣û
ȥݣЩСһԹ˴ɣȴ
¶㣬òõˣŷˡ
СͣһŻЦȺ
һ̧ͷܶԶˡ
֪ҪΪý˼ġ
ӵȵң
ഭסϻǺ«
СЦôôãһǱ˭ҵɾסۣ߲·ˡ
еĹϣŵշ졣ĪҪȤˣ˵ң֪Ϊɫϵˡӡ
ʳɫҲ˵ˣҲϲƯˡ
뵽ŵ£಻ЩգǺ«Сһӵġ
Сӹл
ҲϲЩСӲϲ𣿡̲סһ䡣
СҧһǺ«ݵȥ˿ᣬüëһš
ҲǡСɽ髡ֻǰСʱû˻򣬾ҪңŷǺ«ģҲǺϲ
ֻǸʱϲǸΪǺ«ˡÿΪԼǺ«ʲôǸ⣬ֻЩټĽڡ
ᵽ޵Ķԣÿο̲סȥ򣬾㲻Ҳţڽ˵С鲻Խפ㡣
Լ˵Ȼ
֡
СֹСôˣ
ûûô
ΪϦ˱ȶղҪ١
δ߽ŵԼԽԽŨ
࿴ߴ̲ס
øߣ
ĺ񼸺ϵҶȫסˣ£С˽ܶ⡣
ΪС㣬ٿһĻһ˵ĹС
ӡ
ССŤͷôˣ
㲻ȥд𣿡
ҾˣҪȥڵīС
͵СҲ֡Ϊû˼ˣܳһʱ䶼־Ǻ֪ˡ
СΪָ˷űӳζûôŨĵطߡ
Сͷ̨ţֻһһŲȿˣۿžҪˤȥСӦѸٵֽԼҲվȡ
ŶԷʱײһ𣬰ü̴ŵ˴΢ȵĻ㡣
С̧ͷ˾һ
ܽ㶵ؿС
СȻеϸǡ
֣Ҳ롣
С㡣
ܽСֿ˿һˣʵǸһģ
㲻ҪСȻ˼
ܽЦһȷʵ˲٣ǰӲô˵Ȼ̫еˡ̫ϲ㣬ϲãụ̂Ҳɫ̾Ҳղٵʱҿ˵̫ѡʲô˱ȣյ⣬󻹻ᱻ˲ڵ¡ݽҲԶǲݽ棬ϵϼ
˵˺ü䣬СҲûֻǿɫ࣬
Сֹֻ˵˾䣺Ҳࡣ
ܽûŭƮƮһ仰ͬ飬ǵӲڽܽϣŧѪ˿˺Ѱʹࡣ
СвѪ˿·ϡ
ΪųģΪ㣡С㶼֪ԲԣǹģҪң
ܽѹˣСߣһʱ˻˻˱һ
СʲôЦ£˼ᳰСƺʲô㲻κˣ㡣ΪԼҹ⺦㣬Լġ
ǰڽֻܽǲ˵Ӳ񽪳ۻǣҪѪҩûнġôܽǻˣûжڳԹ
˵ȥαĮھǺ˺мϽˡ
⽫ʱ䣬ܸıһˡ
㣡̨ϺȻһˣѽܽһѳ󣬵סСߡ
üʲô˭һ𣿡
θɣСַ蹷һҲˣʱûپȤתҪ̨ߡ
Ҫȥܽק˻ԶȥӰָ˽ֻɿ
*
𲻷ּңʱǻһ𹩷
˵ԵҲС·ɣӹ
ϦԵŮӰ䣬СƵ˺ԺСҲϲʲôɡֻѵûŨͷε̴㣬Ժ˿ùԺĹζ
ӳֵԶȥˣżԶ͸˸꣬һֱƧС
ͷǺӣҹǧ
һؿǿգֱ۾ЩˣŽͷ£ڵ㻹ҪҶã
﹩ŵׯϣ̴¯ƶϣ类յֻʣǣ
ĻĿ֦Ҷȳ΢졣
С
תƽ
ܹһūߣʹͷ۽޲˲ƿĿ⡣
һ̣ȻֵľãµĺӲֱӴˡ
ȷʵɣʮֵز
ΪʲôҪң
ָܹĦߴֲڵıԵһЩͽꡣ
ˡ                        
лҪ˵дҪϼæûʱ
лӪҺСʹ20732612 2ƿ

 51 


ڴϻʱ, Сһ۱㿴Ǹվڵƻ£ūߵˡ
ö, ƾֱ, һ۾ϳܹ
Լ˵Լʲôܡ
, ûлͷȥ, ȴҲܲµܹڲԶ
۽, 룺²
ܹ, Ĺ, ҹĺ㣬ɪٿ
ĸǰЩòΪȢΪ»һйŮһһȶԣϣܴѡ
˵ЩʲôãȻ֪Щʲô˼ҲЩ޹ء
ܹ߽, һƬȼֽҡ
Ҹô˵, Ҫô
õ, ͷʱۿӨˮ⡣߶ɫ£ɺ׷ɡ
СͣһƬ, Ϊ۵ĺڻϡ
ܹĻЩεġ
, ڱ˴˾, ˴˲Ź˶ģʲô˼أ
󹬺ǰϢϢأ㻹ƽ⳯Ұ, ǣ³ҪѡġС֪ôشֻøɰͰ͵˵һ䣬۾̲סֽȥ
ܹЦһ֪˵ʲôȴǱһϣҪȢһֲϲüҲáûаֶ𣿼ҽ㣬ҲҪǲǣ
С۾Ŀһֱ𴦣ĵײɵ𼸷ֲ͡
Сԥ֣ܹͷڻ䣬ȴק󳶵
׹أ졣
ܹϵʧչղĹȵס
һָֻĳϣָḧţëȻ
ΪʲôͲƽŮԹԵҪҶǰ˵һ룬뵽ʲôҲԡ㲻ƽŮӣ㲻ǡ
ܹûʹʲôȴ׾ٽסҲƲ
ſ
ϢһŨ̴͹㣬Լ޵÷
ܹĻȵģʹǰûʲô
СĿܣǵʲôҲûС㳤ˣһ硣
ܹ˵꣬Դܿиһߡ
СĮվܹǰٳһۡ
ѾʹЩˣⲻʲôϲִԵЩĪִ
ܹƽؿɨǽһӰû¶ȵЦ
ҷ룬˵úܶԡҲӣһԸִذ㣬Ҫߡǰûж˭Ҳ֪׷İŮӡףϲһǲ뿪ġСֻȢ㣬ֻ̫㣬ʺҲֻ㣬ΨһˣǲҲԸ⣿
С̧ͷŭᶨǣҲԸ⣡˵ûСð׷ʱˣҲڻʹҲϲǣһҲ˵Ļ𣿲Ҫˣ㶫Ů֮꣬һһѡαңĥң
ϲ㣬ĥܹ¶ֱʹ飬ɫ԰׵ӱˮ̳
Сսָ˵ǡ
ܹѻĽë˲촽һߡ֪ˡ
ȼȴ־òɢ
ܹ뿪վãһֱվ˫ȶˣȹڹȥ
ƺʮ۰ݡ
ڸղţ¶ģ뾩ݡ
ʲôϲϲģȥԺʰʰ뿪ȻҸطһܣܹ侲ٻ˾ǣȻȥɽˮӴɽˮԶ꣬ҲûЩ߰ˡ
ܹδһ֮һ˵ϲʵǵ𣬻Щ˽ᣬ׶룬ߺˣʱ˲䶼ٵÿ
СתҪʱɨϵūߡ
ͣһ£Ǹ߼
ʱˣûҵܶӰýŮת棬˵Ժһ
໹û湻鲻ԸСõߺһ¡
ƵԺһ򻰶ѵóĬһ·ֱڽֹ״̬ʵӿԽ߸𣿡
Сһ£ӵؿ࣬˵Ҳ켰˰ɡ
ͷûѾûʲôˡ
СߵݸŶλӺѧϰھбضҵĻơ
죬СŮʲô޵һ˼ңͲóʲôԴˣʶôˣԺɾ˵׼ǽҪá
СĬһ֪γڡԼŪ£ʲôױ䣬ǿӺպ󷴶ҪԹ
Ĭ÷̣ҧ߿ˡ
ŲĲ
˪ǡҲֻˣСվԺһʵþͻˣأҲˣ
Сȥҷ˵ɣЩҪ̸һ̸
*
ˣ˪СĻ𡣡СԣѴӱܡ֮£Ī浱Լ뿪ˣ̫ӾҲ㣿˵ڻΪ룬뿪ˣ˭ӣ
˵һͨƺӦԼ˵̫ˣûпСңҲԸһԼԶҪģ㻹ǡɣɣ
СϵයЦӣ˵ⲻˣ㽫дõҩһݣһᰴЩӳҩֻȥݱһܣֲǲˣҪףҿҪ˵ġһҪȥģ͵ôܲҪ
Ҿ벻ˣ̫ﲻã㾹סġңôһ覰ӣǱضҲԽȥﻹȥɽˮ˵أ˪˵ŲѹС㵽ôģǸ磬˺ã
СͷЦЦǻһů⡣ǰرãû˱ȵˡ
Ǹ֪ߵغСӣܱ̫ӻã̫ӶҲܺðǻɽ㣿ҪϲãǰλһһĳʵۡҿûŹ󹬼ǧֻȢһ˵ľСǼĸ˪࣬䶼Ľ
СЦǳǶĻ⡣ϣûʲôԲԡ˲ʲôҪȻȡǼѵ£ѡ񣬾Ҫ޻ڡ
ҪǺܾǰܹ˵ҪһֻȢһ˵ĻŻ˵ҹ˯ţԥ˽
˾Ҳߵ·ǿѵģҲܺڣҪԼǰźá
˵ȡᣬǵҲǡǰǳ̷һԺϻˡ۫ȻԼķ޶֣Ǹˡ̷ˣųҲӲʱһ֮ºˡ۫ھûʲô֪Ĳ࣬ûҪǴɾЦˡ
˪ǳŪмЩִӵˣ˵ǰҩöЩˣٲ˱ɷŰġ
һһȡ
ʱȥݣ˪һƳС
ڶɡ
˪˼ؾƬ̣˵ա
Ϊʲô
˼Ƭ̣ҩģҵʦ
Сüǵͷ㲻Ҫ߱ˡ

 52 

֪, ܽѾʲô߸ϵฮǧ𣬴ǰЩͻĹŮ, ϶˽Ҫûȥ, źƲϵ
͡ҲΪҵ, ͽ֪϶, Ѻʹǰһ
ܽۿŴǰ, ȴߵñԶ, вνܡ
, ԼĵܵҲǵ˰㣬άС
ظ󣬽ܽͽ۴һܣղɢ
Ȼ˵ڶգ־ԼĻ˵̫أ뵽ΪĲȥ, йⲻȥ, һȥ۵Ժú̸̸
Ůܽ, Сôˣ
Լܵܣʲôֵ𣿡
Ůæū澲˼, ֻүڷУһʱǻز
ȥˣ
ū澲֪
ܽͷƳһۡҲ֪Ҳ֪, Ҫʲô, е
Ůһæ£ſ󣺡аС, ү˵ˣ˭Ҳ
ܽЦһŭҲҷ˲ɣ⽪Ҳܽĵطǰķ䣬Ҷˣʲôɣÿ
ŮɥΪѵ˵үķԸΥСū澰ɡ
Цнӵū澣ǰฮ˵ôǽһδ䣬ūҲʼҷˣܽĵͻһò
Ůɪˣ˼ͷϴܽŮϵһߣǿд˽۵š
ΪŮĻܽҲ˸˼ĿѰŽûʲô˵Ķκһ糣ʲôղͬ˵ʲôˡ
ֻ꽥Լ˼ҲûȥҷĶֻߵ鰸ǰ£ڶʲô顣
۵鰸һƬùʵҲûзŻرʼܣô鰸ϡ
ۣܽȥʰ˳ֽѹµֽ¶˳
ϺõĻϸƽ
һŮӵĻԾȻֽϣüġ
˱ضǽӿ̵⻭˵ģ˴
ǻģǽС
е׷׵ڵأܽĿѣҪֽɳ
ŮԣæҪʣȴһѽֽһţ˿
ܽܣŬƽԼϢˡ
űһŵĻָףָǶֽС
Сôˣ
£ȳȥȰۻ
侲ȵֻʣһ˵ʱֽֽչϸ
˵մĦϸ΢ëߣֽͬƽ
ôһ־﷢˳
ĸӻһŮ˻ֽϣϤƽ鰸ѹţʱĦŮ˵ա
ⲻʲôУʲô֮飬ŮİĽ
ϲС
ͷһ;ԼˣʵǿЦɱ
ܽҲ֪Լ˶ãŭѹ˷ҽ͵Ž۳ͨͨ
Ŷʱ򣬼ܽı飬͵һپãڣԾתԸԺˣǶȥ
һŤͷӭ˺ݺһ⣬շ飬Ӷ˵һ£֪ܽж
ңԽСʲô˼ܽ΢΢ʱﶼᡣΪʲôǲǷˣʲôԻ
ʲôˣҲû취ʲôֻõͷϣôɣҲûʲô취
ˣܽŭҪȴסˡ
ץŽ֣ܽԱ˵ҶûʲôãҾĲˡ
ܽۿ𽥺ˣ㽫ֽ˺鳯ӣְ𽪳ϵҹȥ
ˣʮʥ飬ѧЩܻ׵ŮӺ࣬ƫƫϲźһѪҶʲô˼һѽޣùܻ˽
ʼյʹԴ̧ǹһ̵ĻȡʲôǽʲôҲ࣬ΪηҪϲܶ⣿ϲֵ̫ңʹСΪ䵽³ֻ̫ĺ㲻Ҳ˴룬ΪýС㣬ʲôܲɣ
ܽû뵽ۻô˵ڶ촽΢΢
ȴܲˣ˵ţϲܶʲôãһʲôҪΪ㣬Ҳ䵽ӡƲϵĽСţúã׶ƫΣ
ŵϵֽȻ˺飬ӵСϣԼ
ǸʱŪޣ޻һĪĳɾ͸С
ڷֶĵ˼ʱϣСȥֻҪˣЩϲһҲʧû˷йô뷨ˡ
ûУʧЩ˼ǵûˣͬ賤ƣקյԨС
ܽȻ̱ڵ棬Ŷͷһ۲Ƭ̺ļʼ΢ĵҲơ
Ϊʲô
ɿ˺ĻҲ૵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
*
ԺգС׼ԶʰЩ˶ñҪȥˡȴʱȥ;գ⽻С
ڽδϱȻǰٰ㿴˳ۣ޲ȡԼȥˣ֪ҪΪѡ
Сϰ̸㣬űʮֿɿڡ
Сһȥȿ˸㣬ʵҲˣ
üصͷǰζһ㣬˵Ǽ˼ĸ㣬ôԽˡ
СͷҲһݣȰҳҲڣǹֵֹġ
Ҳǲúܡ̲סȤһ䣬ͽƹȥ˵ڣԼҾͲˡ
СŸ㣬빬δģ
Σֲֹһˣ㲻ϲңҲܹ컯նЩʲôֻǺö˶˵ģôҲҪ㣬˵֪ųϢ˵ҲŮҲǣةʱ㣬ּæˮν޳
ߵ˵꣬СѾüһ㣬ϸȥָմм
ȷʵóԣһõĶݶȸߣǺ«ʹζһ㣬ǻȥԣҧһֲöֻӲͷƤꡣ
Ҿ͵ȥԵģûʲôҲصģڡ
*
Ϊ빬С⴩˼۵̷ȹӣ׵Ļ޶
һ빬ﻹЩġ
Ĵţһĸ˵йءʯשϣ̲סԼпĴš
ȵ˻СĿֻӹȴһۿ˺͹ŮվһĽܽ
ܽҲˣǳǳһЦżΪС
ò۾ܶһޣһЦгŽϲ
ˣ߶
ʹ껪ϣķҲֲЦǽҲѹʢ費
С˿ʼʱ򱻻仰ͲʲôעԼ֪Ϊʲôᱻнһ;ա
ŽԵʣŮҲûҪŽܽıҪȥģǹΪŮС˵Ӧ
СΪжʱҪѧũʱйػݲݵҳ˲٣ջƷֶ˵λСҲȤʵΪʲôǰ˶㣿ѵ˵ʧɢ걻ϻģ
Сһҭı顣
ܽôҲǵŮôŻһġĿˣһΪ̫ܵ˭֪ôˣû޲ȥ
۸ֵʲôӣ֮ǰҵȥףһͨΪԼ̫ɣ
СĬĬţһʡ
ܽĿԼ˶ۡ
ָһջ֦ҶϣڷйԼԹ
ͻ͵ðˣǲһʼȲԵġ
ܽӹ˸㣬˶ԹˣСŸ¿ڡ
ܽڽߣΪ˱衣
СĬĬƲȥһۣĲˮԼǰ˲ע͵ˡ
ЦЦʵ˵ϲģҲ֪ձµĵģϲθڣ
ܺãллС˵꣬ϵĸ㣬ϲõЩ
СԹ˸㣬Ҫ裬յͱܽ˹
ܽЦӯӯؿСǻڼǺǰյӶ𣿡
ˣװؿŶˡ
С˽ܽһۣûһŤͷһҭҲȲӡ
ܽһҲ˵ʲô
ȵû£Ҫȥߵʱ򣬽˳־ҪȥСȴʱµȥļ¡
кȻʹӣΪǿˮˣֱʹӾ磬۵ܺú·ˣžʲôԡ
һˣ̾˺̫ҽץסߵĹŮַԸ˼䡣
Сţ۵Ѫɫָʽ䣬Сţôˡ
ŵֶڷСļ簲ûû£϶ֳԻˣ̫ҽһˡ
Сһ۵ỨˡŬԼղųԹʲôԵģҲˣô£
̫ҽȸϵģǶλںͳµ̫ӵ¡
ʶ֮ʣֻΧ˺һƬ񣬽Լӱ㱻˱ǳţʹ˰ġ
⣬¡
ָܹսȴ̲סӿ졣
Сʶ߬½󣬽Դ꣬۵óҪˡ
ĿҪˡ
ʹطȻ塣
ܹسһҪ˵
䣬ǰ׻ȥܵһ˲ˡ 

 53 

ֻ;պȲ, ͻȻͳ⵵£ҲǻҵòС˵н, ȴҲں󹬻˽ʮ, ܿһһõĲˮǷж, ֤Լס
ܽɫ԰, ԵʮֲȻ, һ뵹µ, Ҳû˶Ӳ²⡣
ϲø, ŸݼֲֹǽܽһһһŲеĵĶûʲô⣬˿˸ų˹
ܹԵʣ¾ͱִ, ϻʺע⵽С, Ҳȥ֤Լ޹, С
ܹǳĲŮɫʺ˶˳ȥ, ȴΪһŮ鷿µĳææ, Ҳʲô̬, ֱӽ˱ԼĶ
һ˶ը˹￪ʼС
һ, ȻƷЩһĶ
СҪǽλģǿɾͲһˡ
ɲǣǰ˵̫ӶԽС֣Ȣ̫أɲǶˮҲûˡҾ˵ôô֣а㴫ŵӡҪô˵û̫ӱ˵ʱӦʡ
ô粻ȢˣŮǰûͻȻðġ
˵ͷ¶ء
ܹȥ˪·Ͼ˾һʱСε¡
˵ҲʲôٻҲûгֹ˪࿴˰ۡ
Զˣһ̫ӣôɲֵʲô¶ҪѾĻСת⣿
ֵֵֻе²˵ڱ£¿ֲִܸ֪򡣡
˪һ˵Ͳ˵ֻǮ£ɡ
Ȼ
СеĲǶǹơ
˸˹ƣƼңӴȾҩд纮ݲϴݲУû඾ҲʹˡҲǸҩӣӲյĹƶ
Զ󣬼纮ݵ඾ܱѹסҲҪ
ҪѪΪƣҲһ˽¡
Ϊ³Ƶֻܴңܹʵѡ
ʺ㿴ɫ԰׵ܹӵг
üǰɫвáô£֪Ů㵽׻жű֮ǰȢԼҵС㣬㲻ԸΪһŮ
ܹûʲô˼ӦʲôĸͲҪΪЩˡ
ʺһŭ⣬ܹ䵭ȴٶ˵
ѲǴǰ˳ģǶԼĶôҲһ̫ˣȷʵùܽѵ⡣
ɫ΢ѹеĲ˵ֿҵˣ
ڵ顣
ôѹ𣿡
ܹҡͷ
ʺ̾ЩȰʵϲҲ޷һŮҲ޼֧ţֻ̣ҪҲһġ̫λãҲѹסġ
̧ܹĸˣѹס
·һڻʺؿڣܹҲ˵ʲô߷ߵһ˦ӣһ䣺һУ
֮ƺ⣬һС
ɹСٷˡ
ȵĺСȻڶ˯ѣ֪Ŵ£Ҳû˽ӻС˼ЩǼ¡˼ҹ޶ỵСڣܹ˵һ֪ƶ¡
̫ӵӣԼѪƣû𣿡
ܹ񱡴΢Цһ£ֻһӡСҪѪƣµ󲻵ãܲÿն
˼˼Ƭ̣ʵ̫ӵµ˼Сڶס
պҲҪȢҲ޷Ҷϸϣܰίľǡ
ܹ棬ý˼һּõĴܾﲻԾ
ڣҪ˼ǵͷˡǱͷ̫ӵС΢ȸˡ
˼һţҴСỽ
ˡ
ŲͣסתʵСˣ
ܹįлмǳδѣĪˡ
˼Ҳûʲôûɵģܿȥˡ
תʱܹϵįǳһɨգ˼޵Ц
߽ңŮΧС࣬һܹͷ׷ɢߡ
Ц⣬ѵС

Сüй˵ζǰȹҩֿͬȡʹĸоѾȥˣֻɻͷԻ
ģ
ǶܹùŮǶˣС࣬˲ݸ
СڣŽǹѪ嵭ЩüôˣΪʲôᱻǲ𣿡
ܹ࣬ڼϵķ˿һȦȦָϣĽ⡣
˹ƶǰʱ˽ƣϢĿʼݽߣڱִ洫֪֮ʱѹסˣֻҪƣľɼƣһ𲻼ģҲµġ
Сûаϲɫֱ˵Ƶʲô
ָܹ΢ɫ糣ѪΪ㻯ƣպ⻯ƵѪֻҵѪҪίʱڶˡ
˻һ·ˣֻ֮ʣѹֵĳĬ
СͷȥľǱбѹ۵Ļ֦͡
һסԼӤ޴عӡ
ܹ˶٣ȥСȴƵʣǲƭң
ȥȴ̵ֲֻջء
ǡ
˭µģ
ܹش𣺡ڲ飬㲻ҪЩȻ˹ƣȻ뿪
Сļţɤ΢Ҫҵҩ
ܹС࣬ȰµģȹƶˣҲãִİ취ûƭ㡣ڶ˺㣬ʲôԡ
С̧ܹȥҵķ˿»¶ײŵ
Ѫ͸˲İײγһ۵ĺ졣
һĻ·ʹС۾ͫ˦ܹˡ
ǾţҲŲ⡣
ΪʲôҪ㣿
ܹްСЩΣպζҲ𣿡
֪ʲô˼
Сҩ˯ȥˣܹ뿪
ɭϣĴĵƻ
ǵҹҲǵƻΪܻ谵ˤ
˯ţװ˯Ҳֻǲ֪ܹ
գ͸ö뿪ǣﶼʰˣ;Ĳܹʲô֪ҲΪĹƶֻΪסһڡйǼٵģϵҲ棿
С齣ŷֵڵĵש֪ʱ̺Ҳñ
Ƭֻ̣˻ȥ
ԭ뻢ڣɼ
ЩǼٵģȻܹġ
ƾԼѪҩƣָǷ٣
СЩֻ䡣
ܾʹЭ²ûתءվѪ֮û˭ܺԹԵһֱΪһ˸ƤѪ
˭ãҪܹ


 54 


ȽܽҪظ, СжϢ֪ڵȺһܽ, һǲģ
ܽСµһ̾ͽһ, ˸΢Щ, 뵽֪̾, ŵɫһס
͡, Žֱܽ, ŭŽ֪, Թֱ˵˵ܽ£óֺĴ£
֪Цһ̫ŮˮеƥǺޣ
һ񾭵Ľܽһ, ۱ΪԼ⡣˵˶ٴΣûҪҲǹģºҲ, 㻹Ҫ, ΪʲôҪһٶ£
֪ӦңԽ, ˵, ûиϵ
ܽҧ, ʵнСŮɲ㵱ԼĸףǲһˣƾʲôҪһֱ
⻰ǳ϶µģֻ֪һ, Щֻýӷˣָϡ㡭ǰֻǽݣӲãǱ簮Щ֪ôĶСãο̫ӵˣ㻹ҶǽҷϣȫСһ֮䣡
̧֪֣δ䵽ܽϣ˻Ǻɸְ̾ʧ
̫簮㣬Ҳûкúý̵Ͼƣ̬ϵۿ͡Ϊ˳òãΪ˸Ϊ˷ҲûһְҶԲ榺СҲûסĳŵ
͡ˮһ˲Ķݣܿ뵽ڸĿ˵ң־ľҲٲһ˿޷ǹûн̵Ӱˣˣαض˵
֪ĬƬ̣Ǵʲôʱ𣬳͡ĳƺӷүٳ˴ˡ÷ЯֶʮأҲøĵ³
Ӳģҵ˭֪
Žܽã߬ȭͷɿʵʲôɻΣ
˵ãһڣܽ񱻵ȼ̣ŭұ죡õģ
ܽ͡Ҳ΢ü˳ӡ
ܽŽۣǼ䷢һߡ
֪εС飬ӽûҵ
⻰˵˶ûзԡ˻ǽ֪ʰﻹܲ
*
ڶĵһС˯ʮֲȡ
İķ䣬İĴ齣Ѭ㶼ܹϵζһޣͺߣʵЩԽܡ
סԶܹ޵ʹ鷿
СһϣܸһЩõΣҲǲ¡ʱ˽Ĳûһ˼Ǿòá²⣬ߣԭҲˡ
ֻôһЩС£ҹ£շת඼޷ߣǳҲ˵Ļϲ
ҹﲻú˯³ǵڶƣڡܹ񾭳ΪԷ˯ϰˡСȴͬϴʱЩԡͰ˯ȥѹ˸
ڶҲֻҹæЩ¶ûԼϵĹƶҪòܻⶼҪûʣ˵ˡ
վЩ£Ҳ뵽߶·Ů˸٣ֻڶȦĻݣһţſڵİܾ
СĿ㣬ӲǼ⣬ŬԼΡ
Ȼܾܹ£˺ôദ˽꣬ЩڵġܹĶȥҲߵˣҲûкΰܾʲôƺЩĮˡ
°ݼС㡣
ܾǰֻСҲԳ£ΪֻܹͻȻĿڣСҲЩȡ̫ӵ¶㽻ʲô𣿡
˵ˣӽµӾֻС㣬ҲС˼
С˼һ£ʵ㵱ߣûоò˰
ܾûСô࣬˵ҲֻС̹߱öࡣֻżˣʰһȥԺҲåƦһѽûѪγҲֻŻˣһķʲ˭Ըȥ˭ɵӡ
Сߣµĸ
ܾı鿴ȥ٣СҲͲپ¡ҵһЩϹصĵطǵҡ̫Ӿ϶಻ȥĵطҽɣҲעЩ
ЩܹȷԸˣǴȥС
̫ӵ½ˣСⶫȥĶǿԵģ޽ɣǿʲôҲԴߣֻǳ˶Щ
ĶȥСЩȡ̫鷿޵ѲҲܽ
ܾСԽ
˼˵⣬̫ӵĵطڡ
СĬƬ̣̫ӵ´˿ںδʱܻ
ʱӦҲϳˡ
ֹһ졣
ܲա
ϵɳͿҶէһŻЩ䡣
ʵǿ죬ٹվҪʼˡ
˳󣬽֪ܹС壬֪Ȼһ
ܹȴ¶ˣһڲ飬˻ؼҲʽС㣬ɲʲôûУ
һ仰ʹ֪зµʯͷ±
ǰƣǫ̵Ķӣһ̫ӵˡ
ڻض·ϣܹĽŲϼ֣ºͶֳ˶óкá
·һǽйںǽͷ˼΢èС
ܹĲͣ£ſǽͷһСëޡ
ŬȥСèκǽ̫ߣҲǽͷһ̫ˣæ
ɡ
Ļèںɪһţ΢Ľ˾ޱȿܹ߹ȥֱ̧۽è
һֻèæ˵̫ӵʹãèۣ°ɡ
̫ӵĳྻСèԵø롣
̲סʣ̫ӵ£Ҫɣ
ܹҡͷǹ𣺡˭è
𣺡ǺһλİֻСëɫ̫ӣﲻϲ֪˭СèǽͲˣСèҲ²ȥ
λ˵èȥˡ
Ǯ߸ˣܹͱСëŻ˶
ߵƬƵĳʱܹ۽ǳСèѾů͵˯ˣǳǳĺ
գȵѵ䣬ҶƬݻƣǿήӣź
һλŮӣ԰ֵĹ𻨡
׹ŵ«ĵѩҡϵҡţײ̶
ŤͷܹǳǳһЦ˰
ܹ΢Ƭ̣ĿھǱһС죬ʲôůĶ˽ȥ
ЩֻйʵذǰЩʵ
ɫ糣Ųӿ쳯Сȥ
֪Ȥ˼ܹױƵĽèС˳ֽҪ߹ȥİܾסеչȥˡ
СͷܹﱻѵСèСԺֳֻˡıģ
·ģڹģɴһֻèơ
һ˲ϲɫܿ췴ӦʵҪڹסܾòɣʲôʱ뿪
ÿģҲ˵׼ܹ˵ţֽձһƷ˿۵󡣡ȥ˵߰ɡ
СӦһҪӹèܹҡҡͷЩ࣬ϴٱҪš
Ǻðɡ
èݸŮܹ޹˳˰ʳֱ͵С
ΪСںҩصŷ֮ǰȥʹ̫ҽЩǲܳԵġڴ֮ǰҲ˪ʹСϲá
С÷ʱϲ˿ţŮ͹˶ˣֻܹࡣ
ҲǵԼôжģҳԵĵģҲˣûֻһ˳°Ҫ˵ҵˣӦǽܽɣݵĲˮҲûȣôйƵģ̫ˣֱӰˡǸĲԼϰߣ;߶߶˵Ż
ܹ¿ΪҨһûаֲͷ
տоӲʣ𣿡
һΣͺˡܹԼв˵֣СϻƣͣǳϵѪϡ
ʵҪǻҪܾô죿Ҫһ¡
ôֻҪһ£ѡҲҪһꡣܹЦЦΡ
ǰܽҩͨǸһΡӺЩˣҾͿԶЩӣȻһѪΪۣСʱһҪȡҩʱҾͻޣͲˣ̣ۡܶӻŵ˵Щܹпһ˿ڣΪѡ
ֻǵʹֻۣǸΡԲ𡣡
Сҡͷʮؿ㲻𣿡
ӸƤѪв۵ĵȻۣӣǲ̡
ֻžЩ¼Ϊ
ССͿʼЩôСôһôѪűСԼѪιܽ⼸ǧҹܵġ
ܹγۣȻںɤɬɳơ̡
Сܹ̾˿Լÿ¶һϸ۵ֱۡ
źСϣȻİ̺۽ţǳէһ˸еĿġ
㲻Ҫ£ҲҪΪҩԣǻ
Լÿμܹ񶼾ΣҲز
ܹƫĿ⣬ǲٿֽ£̾˵֪ʲôȷʵԼ˽ģǷң罫⵱һס
Сֱӣɫ˲ࡣҪʲô
һ˵ֲ꣬˾䣺ܱҺһ𡣡
ܹ޻ָӣҴӦ㣬Ⱥɣһˡ
ֻҪߣһа취ġ
һֱ㡣
С󣬹ĵܼ䡣ʱˮѾǻˣͥҲʵ
Сèϴ󣬴¯ůˣ͵Сӡ
ܹСȥ鷿СԱһȥˡ
ܹ鷿޵Ҳ򵥵ģû̫װΣ鰸һƿֻһ֦
СҶСè棬Ǹ֦ҪƳʲôͬ
ܹӣؿ
ôһ֦ʲô𣿡
Ϊ˱޲Լ㡣ܹһ䣬ȴС͵ͷˡ
ȻҲ֦ʲôϵܹҪ࣬ʲôʰɡ
ҪѪңҲҪر㣬㻹˵˵ҪʲôɣҾ
ǴŽҶˮѹˣӵ
ָܹ鰸ţһûһµЩĥˡ
ãֻϲ㣬ֻȢһˣҲԸ𣿡ָͣ£
Ժ㻹ҪܶˣȻ֣ᷢʵҲˡ
ܹϵεЦЦҾֻô˵˭ҲȢңͼװãнڻؾҸʺĸһٻǶ䡣ڶҲ˺ʵɡ˹ƺ󣬻Ƕ⣬Ҳپ㣬ȥδҶڼ֪ңɺã
Сԥûд𸴡
ֻڹ˷ʱ䣬Ӧһ´ţƵʱϳڼϲϱҵС㣬ҪȢǸòʲôӦġ
ô룬
ô룿Ҫˡ
δ䣬ܹն˵ڡ
Сô䣬зЩԵĹУܾʲôԡ
ǡҪ
лҪ˵γĸ£ȱĸˡ
̫ˣʲôңᷢлСʹ׽棡

 55 

ڶ, С׼Լ޹ЪϢܹȴȰ, СЩ, ȻҪʪЬġ
Сè, 뵽漲, ɡҲסƮˮ, ȵһ
ܹЩ־ֵĻ
Сõ, ֵһۡ
ôˣ
顣㲻ǳ˵Ӳ, ôҲ鷿Щ
ܹ˰Ϊʲôɤɵسȥ
Ǹ飬ҿ
һ£Ӧ󣬺ȻʲôҲ˵ˡ
ܾǰ, ǰܹΪЩ, ĥʱ䡣ǰҪ, ֻһֱûͳȥ鷿һž, ֱղŵϡ
ܹ鷿Ҳһ齣ûù, С濴, ˼ƶѵܡǶ̫Ƶע⡣
ܹСһۣΪԼ, ̾Ͳˡ

á
ܹ¿һӣȥߵ޵Ƭֱ̺߳ϴһű̺
ҲãҲûעûʲô
ܹ񽫱̺ãּȥˣСôȥˡ
ֻǾãܹ̫ϸˡ
װãʵ̫ˣĵֻһˣѵòͷƽ𡭡
ʼûͣЪе롣
ܹûĿϵŮӣһһèѳһţ֪ʱѾ˯ˡ
ǹĨЦ⣬ԼһԵĿ׼ΪϡȰë޵һűСèѣ΢Ľܹ˳˳ëѹ˵˾䣺ˡ
ֻһ˵ŻڽеèĲˣﹰ˹ҵһʵƼ˯
ܹ·СϺԼλãèڻĺõ۷룬ʼЩ顣
һֱɫ΢谵ˣС۾˯ˣԼĶ֪齺ȻܣʮԻ󣬿ܹԼŵ۾ɴˡ
˯ˣ
˯ˡС˺һԼڶüèأ
ָָܹ
߹ȥʱСĽŲô鸡ȵġ
ǵèʱܹѹסȹǣվþһˤ˳֣§˹
ˤȥʱèߣûкˤһ
Сܹڻײŵʱ򣬱ӱĵۣЩðỨ
ܹƺһæ˳ԼȹߣԼղŸûвȵ
СվֱӣǸҸղû񡣡
£ȥɡܹϵЦЦԽˡ
ãԼȥ
ɸղܹɵġ
*
գС׼ҪģܹȥϳˣţŮŶһҩ֭
ںɫҩȶЩĭƮߡ
һ£üëһţоŶҪ³ˡ
ΪʲôҪȲ¡
ܾ̫ӵ˵ЩСŻԲȥ
ǰȹҩζˣȴûһξ¿ڡ
ǰ˺Ѫܹġ
˿࣬ҩﻹйڵѪζ
ı飬Ϣͷҩһǳɡ
ڣСߵˣ԰ܾ˵ȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽЩ¡
СҵΪҩˣҩռúô̫ҽҪķӳ˹
֪Լû˪ܹ񣬿˵ԼҪ뿪ǣվͳ£лҪ䱸һЩҩҩ˸ҽȥѯʡ
̫ҽܹˣĻȫšǲйƣѪǼ٣Ҫ塣
һҽݵĴ򣬽ҩҩϸûвʲôȥ˼ҽݣЩ˲ʲôƣȻҩҲϳ̫ҽ˵Զ
һʱˣƺйƲ٣ѪҲǽڡ
С΢ˣȥԶҽ
õػæʣֳ˵˸¹ƣǲǽܽ
żˣû¡
ôû£ͻȻڵϣˣǺεĵǣŵİܾʵⲻ̫ӵôָˣ̫Ϊ㻯ƣİɣ
һǺ˵£ҵĹƶ⿪֮ǰܶҪڶˡС˵¾;÷
𾪵ڶЩŶģҪ̫ˣ
̫ǺĶ㲻ҪšС̷ϡ
˵ס̫޹ʺŭ̫ӵ˻ȥ
СĬƬ̣ش𣺡Ҳ֪Լסʲôط
Ǿˣ̫ҪȢ㣡ǰס̫޹ҲԶסЩ˵ĺˣҿ˭ٱڮ㡣ʮּͺСʲôü¡
ֻǺ˵ˣʱڶʺ˵룬ûҪ޸
ҵĽԺ̫ԺǻʺС̫ˣ
ûûУҲҪֻ̫ʱ
ܶ˵̫ǴСʶǲ÷ˣдŸ߸ĸףǱضҲΪˡ
Сſڣڷ˷
֪ҪסڶԼͻ黹Ҫȫȥ˵ʲô
СҲٷȵ侲˵һ¡һʵһ¡ǲǵýգҳԹһƷիһָ㣬㵱ʱ˵ζЩ֡
ɻ󣺡㲻ỹ԰ɣպûˡǸζҲô㻹İɡ
Լȥ𣿡
ȻˣҵŮȥһˣôɣ
С˼һҡͷҲֻʣϾҲû£ֻܲҳԵж
ҲẦ㣬ûжֽšһô˵ɫ˼֡
ķӦЦϹдʲôҿɲ˼һĻࡣͨƽҲڼ޶˻һƷիĸ㣬Ҳž֡
ôģ
Ȼع¸̫ӣܲ鵽˿
С˲ˮպһڣŮ档
С̫ӵعˣǰš
ȿȣ⻰Ǻ˿ڲ裬ĺ˳һüС˵˾䣺̫˲ɣ
˵ˡ
úúã˵ˣϽȥɣǵҪ̫ӶҲˡ
Դܶ˻ԼܹȤǣҲ֪ǲܶⴵʲô硣
ҪԶùߣܹˣҲüͽȥǰܹԶ˵ҲԶǡ
Сͽ¸ܹ
ûʲô仯С˵£Ѿ˲ЩߡЩֻһƷիȴǵƶδضӿ룬Ҳʽ
СƶǶصͷܹʲôȥĶ˰ȥ
һЩΣҲûʲôԴߵġ˵꣬ͻȻʲôŶҴ̨һӣһᵽñҲġ
ָܹ˽Цδ۵ס
ð
뿪Ժô£ҪԺʱѩ佻˲źãջܹȥԺ
δԺſڣƿӳ⿴ɿԺǰվһŮӡ
Ůת֬ͿĨµݡ
Ǹҡ
Сû뵽λ뿪ԺѧòٴλصԺ
ң
˸ҵ֣ȴһ£־־̧ۿһܡ
СæҪȥ׷ܹһѳס΢ŭδͣ㼱ʲôˤô죿
͵ҿһѧЩ֡˵žͳܹ֣һƽȥ׷ܾȹӼѱܵӣ̲סһѣֱȥѸҵ·סˡ
ҽ½££Ҳˡ
Сǽʣңôˣ
߽ŵǹŨҵζŨ޵ױݣıòһ۵Сǿװһ׵Ůˡ
һСͺۿˮϵ֬۶λˡӡ
߹ȥ˱ңҲµ˴š㸸ĸôˣôң
Сͷ޵ʮίҹΣһֱûҽȥԺ˷֣ң·ӻҡ
㣿С̾뵽ࡣǸһĹ𣿡
ҵ˵ͷСǿѹסͷĻοɼҲȸ
ܹվԺſڣæȥ̬䵭ûжᡣ
ܿСŸ߽Ժһ̵ɴۿкЩţ˵ӣǸ潼ˣ㲻Ҫôָʲôಡ¥ˣôܴԺأ
סڣСһ䣬Ժ
ȥַӣл˵
С͸˵ſ࣬ھǣǲǼܽˣ
Ӷһ£ʸڷϣ˵ʲôôܻ£
࣬ҴãֻΪǰ㣬ӦǺϲġСԽ䡣
ҲϲʲôãҲϲ㣬Ҳ㣬ϳȥҲû˵ʲôΪҶûпǷֻƺҶĺãӦˡԺҪΪϴҶܣȫƾʱ˼СģԸҲ뿪𣿻УȥҵǸȻʹŶ뿪ȥͶ᲻Ե常ҲңȥԺûҪҡ
ŵɫҰףСǰϴҲһۣתߡ
ܹ£СߣС˵ûǸӣƺǱƭˣ»ҪȲ˵
ԺҪҳԶˡ
Ŷ
лҪ˵Щ̫̫һҪϧɰڸоѾ̧׵ˣһרҵŶ

 56 

ȵ¿ʱ, ԺǼѧҲˣԺվСܹ, 滶ϲ˹ȥ, ߴߴ
ǲҪλӳˣ
ַ˵Ҫ, Ժ󶼲, һƷիĸҲԲˡ
ַӿ϶ƭˣ
СЦЦ, һ˵Դ, ˵Ҳȥ׵, ҪƽǲҵĻôҪװ᲻ãԭֻ᲻ø㰡
ǲǡ
ֳˣܹ΢΢һվС
иСָ󺰣ǲҪȢǷӣ
ܹü𣿡
ССȴҲǰ, ܹһЦ, ʱ˸߻, ڵ̾ȥҲҲǣÿǷӵġ
С˵
վڲԶ, ߷ߵɫ죬ʱѩ, ƮƮһ, 䳰ҵдöʲô߰Ķֵǻúܡ
ѧ࣬ɫ, ҧܿСҲٿ
ʱѩѧǶ̬Ҳ١
ʱˣϽؼңԺ̫á
ѧǳСһŻֱ۱ı뿪ˡ
ݼ̫ӵ¡
ʱض񡣡
ʱѩĳƫѵͷԺһɫţֻһ鳤ڷԼ¶ЩףҲϸơ
űƽЩ̻˼㡣ϥӣСǿŮܹʱɫ˵̫ãҲάϵļֹʵ޲
ɣҷż˲衣
СӦһȹ̨ƵġѧǰҪάЩ̬ѧһߣСһźԺ˪
ʱѩɨܹ񣬿ϵЦ⣬ĵĲ
˪ӺԺ쵽˱䴦һܹæַˡ
ܹۣĬĬΪС衣
ôˣ
˪ԥҪҪСʻˡôˣʳЩʲô𣿡
Ǹĺӣ֮ǰԺſĪЩϹѾͷ͵͵ġǶ˼¥ޢͣĵĸĸأ
СգգۣЦһȷʵĸĸ˿һЩûͶ̥
еΣܹ۽ĿڴǱʲôһ¡
˪̾ǰǹ¶ûûҿɸˡҲȥ˲ãӭͣƤۣϻûб̸ūӡǰЩѧڷˡѾͷ˵ʲôҪ׬ǮӼԼȻܾܵûǮѧˡ
˵˪鶼Ťˣҧгݵ֡
ҿӽˮˣ
С֮УԺʱǸ򣬻ҪȥСбɷŹñ˵Լɷ򲻺õŮˣʵ̫̫ˡֻǴӹãЩӦõġ
ຣɣʦ̵źӻСֻ벻ͣǮѪ¶̡ҪԼʧۣһܲסҲͷˡ
˪̾ҲôģȻôأ濴ѾͷҲһѣŮˣ֮ǰõʱι̻ŮӣӶ̣ˡ
ʱѩһֱû˵ͬĬܹ񡣼С࣬ר־ŪСͷ
С̫ӵ衣
Сȥò͵صͷ˿ۡСʹһ£Ťͷܹ
ɿ֣ϲްǸ⣬΢Ц˵㷢ɢˡ
ҷɢˣֲᣬﶯͷ
ˣܹԼһͷݵǰǸ㳶һ³
СŤͷˡ
ʱѩջĿ⣬˵࣬žѵǳʲô£
ǰжǳʲôóԵĶö˶ⲻ˵ƫⲻһƷիĸʦ֣¾εúܡȻԸ裬֪ڸģûס˵˼䡣ǸҰĵģƽԺڷܣȴϲ֡ţСвϲģôʱҲһһСص˷ľǣ֮顭˵СüëƺЩա
ʣĻʱѩҲ֪˵ˣ㷢ȥģЩ˼档Ⱦͻĵطʶ֣Ժıǰ̣ȴЩΣȨ֦ͷֱĿǳ֪ߵغ񡣡
СϸЩǸ鷳ˡҲֻǹЩ㻵ӿܣͨѧԺˣԺٺԼҲýڼ㣬֪ڸģ̲ݱɣ顣
뿪ͺáʱѩͷʵô˵ǵҪڶסˣûиõķ𣿡
̧ܹۿʱѩ䣬ͺģȴ޶˾û˿⡣
ȷʵȲѵķӣִұضúûֺ
ˣʱѩ˵ʱϳβ˾ָҵǲġ
˪ƿĿ⣬װûæ˿ڲ衣
С͵ȷʵûа취·̫ӵ¾ҡԺһֱڴҲġֻڶסȹƶһҾ뿪ʲô߰ĶģһúԼ
Сô˵ˣɼҲõİ취ʱѩҲٶ˵ʲô
ֻʶȻʲô壬լԺﺧŵHʤִȨĵĵطָɾˡ
СһɸɾĹȥ˶ﻹЦÿġ˵ܹ񣬿湫ӣĺģڴҵϾͿɼһˡ
˵ŻֻܹĵƷ裬ɨűһȹǡ
ȵˣС뵢ܹĹ񣬱һع
ҪԼͱܹȥ
ʲô
ڳѬ˰㣬ͷΣӦܺЩһʻδ˵꣬ͣˣЩҵؿС˴º𷣵ĺӡ
ûעô࣬ҪģܸԼȥ̹Ȼܹ
˿ҲŽȥ
صΪǳʲô鷳СڶźüնûгȥܹôСģҲȰ˼Σڹ棬ܾˡ
ֱС̫ӵɵһèԻ
ǲǲð͸

ԹԹؿڣ㿴ֻǵö㣬ˡҪǽͻȥɡ
վڲԶΪԼˡ
ܹèɫ̹Ȼ·𷽲ʲôҲû
ˣС
ڴ֮ǰչ̫ۣСһֱûòˣȥ档˵ţ̲סһë
ܹЦСè֥顣֮ǰݣι˲ñԲˡСڶŲ߶Ҳã˵ںԺԻȥɡ
ܹܾﲻһˣһŷӦǰܹ˶ǱȴҲһ˵һϻ
Сʱ̲ס˵ϻˡ                        
лҪ˵ͬӺΪլСսսϱĵ̫


 57 

, СԸ뿪ȥһ
ܹߺ, ټ̫ҽ
⼸ΪС, ӿкת
̫ӵ, СӽѾ˺ת, ⻯ƵķԼٷһ, Ըĳҩˡ
˼ص˵ͷ, ˵Сǰʱ, Խҩͷȥ˱Ҿ֪ңѧ˲١Ҫˣǵǰ˵һҲ׼ʲôӡ
΢ضǵµķԸ, ̫ҽϺ, ܹ», ¶ײƵֲ˵ҲͰ, Լ忪Ц
ܹƳһۣѪˡܻ࿴, Ҳֵá
̫ҽ֪ܹȥ, ֻ̾뿪ˡ
֥һ˺Ĵ䣬ֵܹ÷ˣߡ
ոȥ֥, ͱһצӹȥֱ϶Ѫۡ
ֵܹȵȵȣ֥צӸҿ
֥צŷָסܹüͷ΢壬צ˵ôڵ֣ӳѪӣСƤۣǻⲻҸŮ֥޼ָףϸЩҲ
ӵ̫ȴһŻ᲻˵С
һߣСѺһ˹׵ĻŽķѧϰʱʱ۵۹⿴ɷĸǡ
ķӺҲ߶ţֻվڲԶԼСܲͷ֡
СǼ׵ĺͯôСÿ𣬻ҪѧЩ
ȵؿȻˣǿǻӣȻҲǴСҪѧÿ̫ӱ磬СʱǳţͲ칭аģҰҶ
ԭô
Ȼˡ
ϵ˻ȸԾСһ䣺𣿡
ҡҡͷкһĨźҾͲ֪ˣڹѧĳɼһֱǵһҲã϶ҲɡǰҲ游Žȥ֪Ҳ࣬ĸߣԼҲϸԼӦûᱻɥ־ȹɡ
СС˵̫ӿడΪʲôôҲҪ̫ӡ
û˵ʲôΪ˵ϧ֮Ļ˵ҲÿϧɣҲôã̫ӱҪϳ򣬸öȤ
СͬǰʵҲһ󡣡
뺫Ҳ£ܹҪ˶ȣ˿ꡣ
һºʹЦ˿͸ϳɣʱʱ¶ֵĮ
Ҳѹ֣ߵˣ̫׽
˰⣬С̺ܹĹˣҲʼǹģǶԴȥõ׽ơ
ܹûƵģһҲʲôá
Сڷ־ͱȥ˵ЩˣҴȥһƥΣ
á
СҲˣǣߵݳ
Сʱд˿ܡΪӲߣվߣԵСһֻվڸߴߣ͸ˡҪһˣˤ
ƥ˳ģȥߣһϰߣ˼ˣҡ
СԥԥرһӾ͸˲٣ҵĲ𣿡
Ȼˣ
С˵˼䣬͸˵ɱȥˡ
СϣеãȻֻԼСţקҲһ¡
һߴļӿˣָָСķ
˭ҵС㣬ʶ
˰ɣƯﶼʶ
˻һ˲Ц
˵ǻ߳ŭҾļȥ˵
⻰ּб¾ȥ˼һ᲻һ񡣡
ǣȥ
ӺһͳСķȥˡ
СòײӦϵĸ߶ȣ޴ġĿȥ˿˳ɢڶʣݽ֦ͷ١һæ˵λС㣬ǿļż㣬мʶϤС
ӿˣҲʶ㡣СȻӲϣ̬ҲƵġ
ӼСûи߰Ĳˣ˵ؼǰУʵ˭ҵС㣿ѧģôһˣҿԽ㣬ˡ
Сϰߺİ˵Ŀɨ˼ȦҵѾ˿ʼ̾˿лӺ⣬ˣġ
ΪֻҵĽڣûзȰ˵ǲеģҪϰߣܿѧˣǰѧġ
СЩͷˡȷʵáҪѧҲöˡ
ӼСܣҲȥˣȻһͷͼԼѶЦſֲԸⶪȥЦСĿԣң˵ˣҾأˣҿͣ¡
СһۣҪЦһ¡
£Ա߻㡣
µҵļɱȥСŵһ԰ŰץѾ˻Ļ顣
ӻЦţɱ࣬ſŰץͺˡ
쵰
ôƯĹôأ
ӵ˺ЦһƬ˲˵ע⣬ע⵽Сڿ񱼣СŬͣ£Űˡ
Զ˴ĽŷϵСæ
ӼСȤҪٻޣֲ̧𣬻£һֻʸƿն˲̴Ѫˮڲݳ֮ϣСȹ۵ôһű͸׹
СŵòᣬҲܾˣȷŸѿơԽԽۿžͿ쵽ˣȴͻȻͣ¡
ߵȥֻХȻһһ˲ڿգײ˵Ļ
ͷϢȣԻҵûˣ¡
ܹסͣºȽСȥŷ
Żӵһ̫ﶼҵزӡ
˭֪ĹǴ̫ӵˡҪ֪ˣʮҲҶ࿴һۡ
ˤڵϻ䣬һ̫ȥ۵Ҳҷ졣
Сµؿڣ˵ôѽһΪ
ܹһû˵ȻǸסģԼȥҲ֪
Сֱܹۣοû£ҲҪʵҸղŲһͣˡüǸˣһְŵˣҲ£
ܹЩԼίǹҲþˣ
⡭⵱Ȼǣô룿С˵ų˳ӣŵȥ
ϻżʸҰΣ۵亹ֱðˮŲˣҪܹϴ
̫ӵˡˡС׾ϷŪλ
˿ڣֹסѪӿһСƬݵضȾˡ
ܹһۣϴ
æҲˣҲˡ
С˳ܹӣȥ̫ҽɡ
ܹӦ˺£ͳӵݹȥҪֹѪܹһѽӶԼĶȥ
Сܹ·ż˵ӦҲã̫ӣǸԼ»һô졣ᣬ֡
Ϣ˽ֻܹö΢Ҳڷȣûϸ˵ʲôûô࣬ˣٽǡ
С£˵Ժǧˣ˵ϲĲϲûкߵ˼ȻٵϷŪ˼ҵС㣬δزǳʲôǷǡ
ӼʹرʾԼ֪ˣﻹҲ                        
лҪ˵̫ӵй
һдܸܲ

 58 

Сߵܹ, СֲҵҲ
ȻֹˣȴҲǸ߰ĿܹͬСȥ, Ҳ֪һʱû˸ҶСּΪŵ, ˼ȥǲ, Իȥ
, һ۾ϳС
ڿǸʱ, ûж˼, ʱ, ˳ùϵĳ
ȻǽԼ²ܷġ
*
ܹӺ󣬱㵽ΪֹûмΪˡ
ظ˶ÿܹ뿪˵ʲôͱСӲ˵СԺ񻹱, еͬˮ㵲ס
СֻԼķȥο
û, Ϊ˳, ҶͣˣҲԼûһЩ, ˻ΪɬžܾҲǺģҺúõ, ûʲôñǸ
˵û, Ȼ֪̫ӱ磬˼Ĳҡ
СЦЦû°ҲҪ, ͦ˼ģǻϰߣЩۡ
һġû뵽ŵһأ£ضǲˡ
Сᣬ뵽ʲôõ¡һѧģպȺˣͲǨҳͻ̤档ѧôҲкܶడ
ҲԺ̫ӱһ𰡣
ɺǲһģôһأСʰģ˶ͬ
ܹվ⣬Ӱӳڲ೤ϣԽԵӰȡ
СĻûжŲҲŲκųһĨɬЦ⡣
硭硭
ʰԼˣǡˡˡ
ȵԺĹŨʱҲ͵ˡ
Сͽ˼һܹҪڹС
϶﹬ҲֻţӰˡ
ʺʮָմˮĴҹ㣬ҲǸΪɷϴĸˡܹСӽȻȴҲ޷˵ЩʲôʡģԼ¶ƽҪٲʲôˡ
ѧԼ±ûϳҲԼˡ
ϣҪԸŮ±˳ڵѽڣԼЩ±ñ³ȻªЩζӦùȥ³
ʵ̿޵ˣȻõģдªһ˵
УǺεƫ
ʺȥҲû˵ʲô
ȹ׼عˣԲ¸̫ӵϣԶ
ʺһ˲סܹ
񡣡
ܹĸΥСվͣˡ
ĸ󣬿ʲôԸ
ҡҡͷ˵ҲûʲôЩ±㳤ô󣬻δĶءĿ̫ܲãǲϲҲ޷
ܹһ£漴뵽ʲôǳЦĸ˵ﻰضϲģСҲϲ 
СʺɫԻʵϲСҪȢ̫
ϲ
ʺ·͸ĶԼˮĬƬ̺Ż㱵˵ǸЩĹȻҪͺúôɣҲٸЩ㲻ϲŮˡ
лĸ󡣡ܹ񹧾йʣտڶ
ͽ˼һ֮ͬǰһ˽
ʺü΢ɻ֮գڶ㣬Ҫȥҵˣ˶κãģϲһϲ㣿
ܹȻ˵СϲֻĸǰҲŶãɻʱ̲סԥһ˲
˵ٻ治ɫ˵С֮⣬ȴ޷棬еʧô޷ڡ
ȻҲǡ
ʺ˵ƭҡ
ܹӽסŽȻƬֻ̺һ̾˵̫ӣ׵ʧҪѧĸ󣬻Ц
֪ˡ
صܹ£»˻ҹɫ
ŵãֱҡײ󣬲̧ˡ
Сһɻô
ܹλãʾȥ
С£һķűյһ±£
ĸģҲܹīڼͷ÷ɿһ룬м⡣
ʺģСۣЩȡȻ±ˡ
ܹЦҺܾǰҲŷٽ˵ʱҲͨԸƽǰ㣬Ϊʳ
ϵĸ鶼й֮ͨΪİ֮ˣһٷŵҪԼǰԸ̵ġ
Сҧһ±Ƥϣ˶ȹӣ޵ʺպܺãһ˽ѧ˺öΡ
ܹ˱ƣһ㣺ϲ˭ҪʹֺãԼϲ¶Ϊѧᡣ
ĸԸΪ˸ʶׯãΪֺá
ҲŬĥƽԼǣһС
ϣʱǲǶֻ뵽˺ʰ
ӻѧ޹ء
С±ЩҭˣȥñյΪԼһ衣
ܹֹؿСŤͷʵôˣ
һָСǿһ¡û
ܹ̫Щڣ㽫ŲԶЩ
ñֹܹ񣬳״˿ѵ뷨
ͷ˱еˮĸζ˲ͱľȡ
˰ڣԥ³ȥ̫ʧ˽ȥǻ̱յûˡ
ܹĺ󱳣Сãô˵Ǿƣ
𣿡˵ţԹһֺãҺʮ㣬ˣòã
ҪȾʲôҲںˣϴЪϢɡʱյûȣܵýЩˮѹһѹ˼Ⱦơ
СҪߣһŴﻬܹ¡
ҪȥܹȴһʰţŷϵġС
ﲻּͱһ㣬Ҫ˼̲³ˡ
ʰţ
Сûлش̾ᡣֱ̧ܹŷŵ˵££һͻ㡣
ôҵĶ
ܹ񣺡ȷʵ
ֱ׳СҲûƢվµӣһ𿴸ҲûʲôαҪƽôࡣ
С£˵һЩ¡ҽȥ֮ǰ̷˻Һ󣬳۫׷ȥˣΪ̫߰ϵͷŭԼɣ̷ҲòᣬҪ벻˵д˳ʫ߳۫ʱ޸۫ίˡʫھд򶹸ĸ˶˳䣬۫Ƕҳˡ
֮ǰǸɷѹҪΪ˵ˣȴֱҪֱӻ˳۫˺ͺõĺ·ϸɾҲΪȢĺȴ
ʵ˵£ʵ̲סֻ˻˹Ҳģûкܹƽϡ
ܹһһƣȰ˼ûʲôãͲٶ˵ˣȥţȥҰȰط
ֱסͣ½Ųܹ
¹͸Ƶϡӳһ˪֦ҶİӰϣʹĿһ붼ڻްС
Һˡ
СȻȻأ
ȾˮȰҲȰסȻ˰˵Ƶ˶˵Լûô˵Լ˵ģ
ܹͷסԲ£ҹ·»Բܻ谵࣬۾ҲòֻܹһĺײϣʰҲڵء
ŨҵľܹʪĴѹġ
Сɴۣסˣһ˲Ҫȥƣܹ󽻵һֻ߬סͷϥҲסҶȡ
һֻסĺԣȥ
˿ݣ̽⣬ģ˾ֻɬ޴ǡ
ȫܵŪڹ˷˿໥ƣϢ˵ȶȡ
ȻĲΪЩŭܹǽüУֱЩǻƵۡ
ܹ̳ܵһǣŻ롣
ʱ򣬱סҲ¶˳¹ռޱС
ֻȻ
ܹһ£ˮƺһ̾䡣
С˫ĿԣȴŲۡ
ǲٿͷСľѴ΢޴룬ȷʵĲᡣ
ôҡ
һԲؿڴľʾķŭ
㲻ҪҺˡƵؿڣԵԼʮί
СЦûúΪԼѲɣ
ܹ֣̽ƿȹӾˡ
ͽһУһվã紵ţǵûѹȥȣշԽ̡
ݣСֱ˽˱ѣͬһ̱ãͻȻͿʼͷ֮ǰͷܹ
գܹѣ»ӳԺȥС˾˵С绹δžͳ˹


 59 

΢, Сͳ˹ȵԺʱѧҲϿεʱ䡣ûд, ȥԼķ䡣ܾ֪һǺܹ֮ʲô, ȴûʾ˹
С񲻺, ҹû˯, ֻҪһ۾ͻ뵽Ǹž, ϸʪǡ
˷, ĸдΪ
޼ֿԼ, Ҳ˴ܹ
ӵʱ򣬺ԺЩģ촫
ȥŷǸںԺݡŨʵ֬۱ϴȥ¶ݣ˼ֶޢ껪ӡ
СĽŲ, ۾, æӻˣ
Сͷ, ɫЩ԰ףǿһЦôһϿΣ
, ָش½ǣʹͷش𣺡Һüղѧ, Ҳϲˡ˵, ݣһϿΣЩѧ, Ǳǵĵ֪ҹѧҪ鷳
Сһŵ˺ô˵ˣԼôģ
ˣ˵Ҳʵû취ġʧ䡣
һ˵ĻνԼ룬ԼӣһǣԼԼˡСŸңҲѹ
֮ǰԺұ˵ʹһЩ;չЩСѧҲܹЦ˶ʮֿʡĸ¥ˣüۼҲɨ˵ģ˵Цˡ
С˵һ䣬Ҿ̲סʼޡԺ޲ȥˡҪǱ֪ӣﻹȥ
Ҳ㣬޷Ŀ䲻öȰҲ˵䡣ҪЩԼ£ŲΪ࣬ҲΪ˼޸˭ΪЩ¾ȥһֱϲִһѧҽѧҽ뿪Ǹգ˭֪ĹȥСΪĨɾᣬҲֹͣԼ
ллӡ
ҪǲԺѧһ𣬾ַֻҽҪʶ֣ҩˡ
ѧ֪ˣлο
ҲᣬСǷʱԺˣǸڻʹ̫Ҳһ𣿡֪ܹ̫£˰£СĿⶼЩĽ˭뵽һ˫ˣ˾ķӡ
˵󣬼С鸴ӣƺǲ֪ôڣ˵һǲˣôָδԹ緹أҪǲȥһС˰ɣ
С˵ͷȻлˡ
СסӾͶðһŴ齸ңЩҲմɨҲûң̨ŵĻݶϤϹˡ
ݺС鰸ǰдšһҹû˯оԼ۾òУд˼֣־òãһдֻÿʣ޿Ƶ뵽ܹҲ̲סд˼ҪݵĻ˼ȥ־±ʹڲʣſ鰸ϳ̾һ
ֻһſͬˮϯһ;ƤޱȳأǰҲģˡ
õ׼Сͽһ̤Ӿͼ鰸ǰһӣһЩˡܾе̽ӹʾȴˡ
ϿǼСɫõػصԺָǱ̫۸ˣҪˣ̫Щʲôô죿
ҵýѷӣȻһˡ
ܹǳǳһۣ亮ʹһָܹʱ̲סΪѡ
Ҳˣ̫ˣôԷӲء
ܹƵЦƺ亮ĿǸҵĴ
߳䣬ѹʲôţ
ҽиҡ
ܹ̬Ⱥܺã˵ңԸСһҩˣȺҩ÷
ûԥʹӰнӹҩԼû񣬶ܹȥҲ˿⣬ֻص
ȸҽõҩ˽ӣɬҩܹһֽó񣬹ǽڷָΪÿȴֽ壬ŬʲôСſ鰸ǰ˯˿ûҪѹļ
ܹ˵㣬ʾҩ롣
󣬽˶һ顣ٻӵʱСûѣܹһ֧մѪذס
ҪʲôҾúæеķ
ȽŷѪܹϵģ鰸϶ȾѪ㣬¶ֱڲϣ˻ǳ»ɵ˿ڡ
ҵһһʱ˵
ܹӰסѪ˿ڣû
СҲҵкѣ㱵̧ͷǰ˺󣬻ΪԼΡ
ܹݵ˫ĿԺƿĿ⣬СԸ˵Ƕȳȥɡ
ҲĵؿһܹӰסؾϽѪһ
С˯ú;˵һǱŨҩζѬѡȻһ۾Ϳ鰸ϵҩ룬ԼߵѪ
סȥ˿ڵĳ嶯䵭˵𣿡
ܹڵįʹǱסҹգһƬ¡
ҹƣһʱˣ󲻻ˡ
̫˵ĵڼ󲻻ˣСƽƺ˾Ʋ£Ҳ½֡ڶʱնлշԼ취
û취أ
Ǿˡ
ܹһ̧ͷԲ԰׵ɫϣֻβ֬Ƶĺ졣
΢ʲôˣҲԸ⣿
СƲȥ̫붼ԡ
ɫܹ˵㲻ϲպٺȾƣĪҪԼӶһȥɡ
С޶ԣֻ̫ңܹպǲһģҲЩ׷ѹ£ٶ࣬ҲĸԸһһûˣùѵȤܽЩ˼Ůϣ¸ƥˡҶˣݻ־ȤǧαΪҡ
ܹĬƬ̣һ̧ۣǹЮɽʳʪ
ôһ˿˿ġ
Сһۣƺһ£ƲĿⲻԼаЭ
أһ㲻ǣʱθ룿Ǹе߷ߣǡġ
˾ƣʲôǵáҹִ飬ƺٶˡ
ȥȡ衣
Сܹʵգõʲô룿
Ҫˣﻹи룡
ܹ鰸ϵֽµҩƸȺ˰ɣҾͲˡ
˵꣬ߡ
˿ڵҲ֪ʱɿˣѪѶ£Ⱦơ
Сüֹ˺һûܿڽסѪƣĿҲδ̫Щ
ܹ߳ſڣŵϱѪľڻûסȥױƷҩһȥ׷
ǿҲˣֻܰѶһ仰Ҳ˵
׷ǰ̫ӵ£㡭
СܹͣסŲȴûվһΣȻͷͺȻһ൹ȥ
ƽƮȻأ˵ϵĳҿҶ
æܹסСڵϵҲŵòᡣ
ôε˰ȥҷЩܾȥ˪
ܹ⧲εʹȫԼ¡
ȽӣŷԼָ΢΢Ҳ÷ɿ죬ڻ˵ôˣ̫ô£԰ôε°ɡ
ƽûжൣģСﲻú¡
Сã£
ڡ£
ʲô                        
лҪ˵緹Ѫǣһʱӻ̫ƶѪ
ûɶ£Լ
лһף

 60 

˪ڸѧڿ, ܾͻȻ˵ܹˣѧԼȿԼȥСˡ
ѧ, ֪ʲô
ǰ, ܾᵽ̫, б˼ȥ
ԺĹͶС, ֮໹곤Щ, סԺ, ͷͬ, û˸ҲĻ
ɨһۣ˵ҪַȥǶʵţͷӶµģҲܣ֪𣿡
֪ˡ
ǶԹ, в, תԺȥ
, ˿ʼֲֹǷӣָܶʹʲô
, λҪ浱ԼʲôС㲻ɣ
С, ǸɨѾ߰ˡǺ, Ҳ
֮ǰʱСδˣӶһ, ˣ϶Ҫ˵ûûƤ
С㣬һˡ
һߣСڴأܹʧȥѪɫݣлҲѡ
˪ϵһߣΪܹϸ̽һ󣬲Сһۣ˵ÿκҩѪ
СɫˣʵҼסˣô죿
ιЩˮ˾ͳԵõĲһӣС֡˪һۡôͰųˣ
С̵̫ӣҪԺ£ôܲţ
Ȼ˵Ļоݣȴڲס㣬˪Ҳ˵ƣҪȥڿΡ
СųȥһΣ˪ͣ£㲻̫ӵ£
㣬Ƶ£û취Сѯ˪ʱﻹǴεġ
ԣܻƣܹ˴˾뵱·˴뿪̸ס
˪ۣʣôסڶã̫ӵ۸ˣ
˵۸Сֶܹ︡½סһĻյطϣǣ
ôʲôҲǣ̫ô㣬۸ôˣ
Ҿǲڹ
˪ó뻻ӣ뵽ܹأǶ룺Ҳûӣ̫סڹ⣬ҪȻⲻ˹ƣСɳŲ𡣡
СҲûб̫ϣȻô˵ϻʧ䡣
ˡȻȥѧɣ÷ˡ
˪ȥѧϿˣҲӵӣ̫ӵôˣҿŰԼֱ۶Ѫˡ
СĬĬ֪δֻҡͷεûʲô£˵㡣
һ˵ܹ飬ʱЩˡ
ȥʲô˸һ˵׼ܺЩ
ȥɡ
ҪȥæģɵֽĸңվԵøⰭ£ֻ㬵ش˪Ҫ˷ӣŰܾȥҩץҩ
Сߺ󲻾ãܹתˡ
ϻͷҲġ۱ʵСأ
ʵ֪
ܹԼСϣϵûʲô㵡ϾĿģԼҲġղ˵ʲô𣿡
Сﱻŵˣܵġ
ûˣ
ûˡ
ܹ򴽣̧üģ˵ˣȵɣܹ黹нҵ˰æȰһȰ
̫ӵͻȻַ
ԼҲÿ֮٣ʮֱӣЮͼ԰ʱЩΪ顣ҲͻȻֻǱбԥҼд˵˵ҪȥŲֶΡ
ͷȷʵǲֶΣްӷ緶СֵĹԵúա
ҲСۣܿԵŮˣƭ˼Σ֪Ǻĸεƣ׼ѪҲһۣ˪ֵģϲһ
аڣ಻ֱӽȥҲ֪ʲôֻȥҵ˸ҡ
ΪСˣСӲãҪټӲһ׼¯šǡܹ£СܹȥﶪЩҩĽȥʢ׼˸
ʱˣֱô£أ
˰벽ȥҩˣҲûʲô¿̫ۣƣιȥˡ
˵ע⵽װƽղͬõȹ˷٣ͷϻС黨ϸü֬ۡ
ǡ
Ȼֹ
̫ǱˣǸ̫ģбһۣЩָ䳰Ҳ֪ʲô⣬̫ӵʲôˣǲ߲ʣӡ
Ļû˵Ѿǵøۿ죬ˮҲˡ
һŭֲ֪룬޷裬ָΪŭ΢΢طŶ
ӣһȥɣ̫ӺôЩ
ŭһۣȥˣԼڳĨ
ҩζŨܹĲáСȥ̲סСĲ֪ôסʹǶģãԼܻ̫Ѱˣε̫ӶԺԼȥ֡
ݣܹ뿴
μ̫ӵ¡
ֻ̧ܹܿĿֻصϡ
£
̫ӲˣСŮⰾҩš
ģ
Сֲһ䣬Լ·СӷԸġ
ܹŷ飬ۿлˣŰϰɡ
ûߣǹڲ࣬Ϊܹʢ
һζЦûȥʣ㻹ʲô˵𣿡
ƳܹϱסƬѪǿѹеľ˵СŮʵ¿Ϊܵˣ
ΣܹţƮƮƶĻ벻⡣
ʱǹܹԣƽƽˣܹû˵ʲôҲɴЩԹ̫ӵ¶ԷãεҲˣȥ֣ʵЩˡ
ܹšһ˵
·ܵ˿϶䱾˵СĲǡ
ʱ˵ǰһλӣҲԺסʱӻǴ˼ģϲµģҲֻһʱ벻շͨˡȻ֪ӲϲңһֱҵĳǸмӴҵĺáֻǡ˵ţۿʪˣ̧Ȼܹ񡣡Ѿû˸ĸǷٸ뿪ҡҾĻˡŮѧ˵ʵݣԹ˵Ů޲űǵ£ŮѧʵǱĩã˵ȥҪ˳Цġ⾩ˣһŮѧ޲ǱЫﶼǱļİûôŮŮѧպɲǵ˼ˡ
üͷϴͷβֻд˲ͷ֣ܹҲֻЦһ˵ҪΣ
ܹЦЦȴĪ˸Ҫ˵Ļֲ˵ˡ
ô˵ˣ
ߣȱ̺𣿡˵˿ڡҰĽѾãʵڲԼӣǷӲ̷õ£СŮҲԣҾԡԲǵ·ġ
ֳܹŶͷû˵ֻ΢΢š
㶣ɻ£
䣬ܹѹֵЦƺʲôĵЦ
Ц۱䣬˿Լĳ
ҲᲢۣƽǶ۵ЩʯδĥҲǳɲġأʲô֣
ģܹһ仰
ݿʼܹˡ
ҹ̫Ժܺ˵һ仰ʵôӣ̫ӵĹһλʲôҪأ
ԭΪôãֶ̫ûмס
˺ıƤܹҲЦ˵ʹĵĻ
ҲƵ뿪ˣſײһˣЩˤһº͵ǺԶ
СɫƽͲϣˣ֪ʲôֻʱѩЩæԺɨֻû뵽ⷬ
ǲ͵ģ֣ǾͲòˡ
뵽൨ô󣬾̺ܹĻ뼰Ҳм£˼ȴҪ١
ܹһСϵıˣǶЦ˿ɫ԰׿ʮм޹
С
˿ɻƭˣŲá
ܹͷм΢Թ˵εܣԼȥˡҲġ
СӸµɨһۣ̫ӵ»űȽϺá                        
лҪ˵һдǧ֡ǧֵflagûһƿͷɣѣѣѣ


 61 

ܹ׼СӲ, ûӲعȴܶȰ
˵Ļ, С, ûټµ, ԼԺ޴ȥ, Ÿʱѩͷ, ûбϳȥС֪, Ҳû, һ̲Ժһ
ܹûܽСȰعֻѰʱ͵Ժ
ʱɼԺ⣬ɫ԰׼赹
࿴ܹһ˲ˡ
̫ӵ¡, ֪ˡ
ǰĸò׶СĹЩ, ֿʼ, СޣųҰ˷Է, ˵һˮŮɫķ¡˵Ŀ, С˵һ㡣
˼ְ, ڳϺ˸ࡣ
ȻЩ˱һڿƽС޹ֻǻ, ΪܹĶֻһˣ޷ֵסȥ΢ԵиЩ˹
ܹ࣬Ҳ˼̽
ǰŮˣôڲס޴Ұģб˸˼
̧
æĨȥۣϲ̧ܹ
ͨȣ໹мɫֻôҲˮı߶ȻСĿǳԣ˼ǳ˿ɼ
ܹϵϲãץסʲô֦㣬ͷ㣬ð
*
СѧûصУüܹϸ˿ӣѪɫҩ֭С
Ƥ𪣬ԵñɺӴĿ
ѰʱԺҪæڴ£ʹǿɣҲڲסƣ̬
ܹ񿴵ˣ˿ڰסҩɣҲᷳ㡣
⼸˼Ȱˡ˵Сԣ̫񲻽ԼҲǽҵˡȻǣͲò˼̫ӵ棬˼ɵҵ
Сûкҩҩȡ࣬һΪҩһƽ˵ţһȥҪˡ˵Ϊ˶ҵɣ˴áҶԳ²˽⣬ԷԴһҪҶԽڳӡ
ĳ˵Щˣż©Ҳʲô£ƫЩϳҲŽѰˡԼ£ôܳϡҲ˵ҲδʲôˣҲһΪƵһŮϣʵܡ
ܹ˵ʱСڴ˿ڡ
һʱ¹ֱϣҲһѪ衣
ʶѹ
ĶַЩܹˣü۵ʹţʲôôһȥ
㶼𣿡ĿЩƣۿҲɬ
ֻǾѹ
ֱܹġȣһ˿㲻ʲô
ľúܱǸҲܺڡ
ʰСеķȴָлʰѩоһ
Ȼֻһ»ȪããԲ
Сܹ۾͸ڿԼ
Ǹݽ棬͵Լ
ܹ⸱ǸΣǰȻЦһ£֮ˡ
ܹԵʮ޴룬Լ˶˾ȥΪᡣ
硣
һ
Ҫһͺˡͷʱฮһͷܿ٣˳Żٵķ϶
תһԵܹڹ£ԵʸԶɼ
̫ӵʱ򣬾ͲĹˡ
ҵʱϲ㡣ϵ¾ôԲϲʱһüѹϲңȴԿȥԭЩۿɬ
ʱĶ㣬Ѿˡ򾲣ҪأҵҲԱλ˶ΣǿҸҲûкýġ
Խ˵ȥԽƽ
ܹϵָսºֻɿˡҲϲ㣬ֻҪٵһʱգһԻصǰ˵ǿ󡣡
⻰˵ڸС˵ڰοԼ
ǿҲ֡
ζܹĻСûپ
Ѿûʲôźˡ
ûһҲúڡϣԺϲҪԹ
Ǹʱûججܹһ⣬ˣٲ֡ô£ҲɹܹǷãҲֻһءҪȣγܹá
ʵҲûʲôñȵģֻʱͬˡ
ܹ˵ֺγ
ʱǡôһ˳֣Ĩȥһۼ
󣬲֪̹ǡ
֮ˣ˼֮ʹ
ҵȵҡܹͷļָǣġôҪġ
һԲúļ硣عɣȻʺҪˡ
һ𡣡
á
*
ٻصСĹ˶̲סֱûӰ˲Ÿ˵ϼ䡣
˶ʶСǽ̫ϵģҲۼ̫ӶĺǻҶࡣ
һȥֳһ֥ȹ
Сʵżղôֳһ򣿡
ܹ֥鱧ԥؿڣм˵
һܹ㣬֪ʲô£ԲŻ顣
˵ҲЦǰϲŭɫǰȴԽԽزסˡ
СΪҲûж⣬ֻϵЦ⽥ȥˡ
˵ɡ
ܹĲԵмּң鷿ߡ
˵С˰Ρ
֪𣿡
ܹҡҡͷ
СûɨһۣŽʮ꣬Ƕδ
㲻ǲϲ𣿡
£պҵ̼ۡʺͳʵ䷴ԼҲҪĨڡС˵žЩŭˣƲȥ˵
ܹ˱裬ݸ𣬶Ҳãˡ
¹࣬Ҳϸйһ£ѾҲˡԹ⣬ʳýܽĸ㣬߻һ˶ԶŮǱһλС򣬲⡣࣬˵Ҳ٣ȷʵûʲôӣûҪ˼ֻΪǸᱻȥò
Сһ˲Ȼ
˵кޣҲ֡Ҳûжĸ飬˷ﶼûо֡ɽܽʹǶԷԼĽãҲòϣǰฮһʮ꣬Ȼ˴ԶһװĽģ
Ϊܽʮҩ˶˵ʵǲǷܽʲô
ҴΪ㣬ǽֺܽαҪز
ҪЩҲãֻҪѰҲЩ˵ǻˮ߻ᷭ졣պǸֵģҲǿʲôķ죬ʱҲᵽĺˡֻҪĲҶڹﱻĥһͳȥܸɳΪԼɱ֮¶Ҳбˡ
ȻܣֵܹԴҲûʲô˵ġ
գĸ׵ļգؽ
Ҳļĵһֻʣ³ʪˮ榱һĿ
ܹ̽ʣܲܺһȥ
㲻Ҫ¾ͺá
󡣡                        
лҪ˵дСȥʱ򣬱ҵдʱѹء
ǰϲĳǰʱٻǸʱı˴ˣܡ

 62 


֪֪, ܽС¶̫ӣ׼˽߱, ܽò, Ⱦϰٻȥ, û, ͡, Ը, Ŵ²ڳ׷
һʱ, ִЩԷ˵̫Сúһ谮ǧ֡
˲֪ģֻᵱ˱ԡ֪֪ܹС֮⣬һ۱ܿ͸, Ҳ, ̫ӶСҲϲ, Ż᲻ϧַʽ
͡δһô֪࣬, ̫ûôϲСˣҲͲ׷ܽ, Ͳñˡ
ǻ߸˵غͽܽ˵ܽĪҪΪѹ, ﲻ㱻ȥġ̫ǰճ谮С⣬ǻĵ, ҲǳʣɲͳˡݴǸŮӣСûб£˱ȥҪ̫ϲ̨̤ء
΢΢üʣ̫ӵ£ĲҪС𣿡
Ƕ˻δ׾סһ̫ӱģ̫֮λܲȻδ֪գͻ
ܽ㶵ؿ򽪳ۣǡò׽϶ݳֵϲɫõȲ˵ЩĸҲ밢۵Ļˣ궼ˣҲ׼ˡ
۱齩סŭòŲģ
͡һƣ˵㳳ʲôҲǹ㡣ʮˣʲôյĺ֡òã΢ùЩγȢõĹŮȢҲ䲻ϡСԽһģߥĸ˾ˣʱȢ˸õĹҲܰЩ񽪼ҡ
ѹͷǲԸ
нչﴫţ˵ƽĻ¶ѾˣĩƽҪǳ˻飬̫ӵĻӦҲԶˡ
ܽҪƽ֣ӺȻ˻Σæȥһƿ
͡ü˵Ͱ۽׽ʱܺ
ۻŽܽһʱڿ˵
֪ܽʲôһͳȥˣûд͡Ļ
*
榵ļգպҲС
֦Ҷ㣬ɪɪ
һԾ֦ͷɼݣһʼЩܳϻ̳Ͽֵġûͺͳһ㣬ٻԻۡס˻ʹԴöȶõģ޼֮ʱ˾һִΪԼҲǱˡ
ܹ붫͵ȵλ֣ȲҲ࿴һۣԼСľǲ̤㡣
⣬ԴöȶûпʲôȱཥľͻͷΪ̫ӵ顣ҥ˵̫ûдĸŮ˺ùҲʼƮƮȻЩ֪ˣоֹԽŷ
԰ײһܳ楣ܹû˿ΪԼ̫ܳԵʣ¸Ӵſ
˶ܹĸȻ֪˭ӣÿһȥܹ񣬶ʵʵڵ⡣
һ䣬СŶóϱè飬ʹ뵽ǰҫҲûлᡣ
ãԴ÷зܹҲ
Ǵ̫£ȥκʱܹСص榡
е·ʼСꡣ
䳱ʪŴУ˯Сöһ£˶ˡܹʱ򣬷ȥס紵ǡ
û£Ҳˡ
ôһλñǡܹĻҲˮһ㣬˿˿͸ź
СЩģϾصôãû׽ɫҲԶˣ˳ҲҪ롣
ûе£̫롣
С
ܹ˵꣬㲻˵ˣȨĬϣ﷢¡
˶ţһԲɳɳԼѹ
ǵܹ񲻸ˣֻǽЩʵڳŲЦ
ĬƬ̣־Լ̫ãڻ⽩Ӳա
ա
ܻ䣬ϵϰɡܹһôˣ
СҡҡͷҲûʲô
ܹһЦ˵һΪҲģһΡ
㲻𣿡Сʡ
Ҳģ𣿡ܹ
Сʵûô˵ģҲ֪οǲǺͺһ뵽ܹͺʰϲͷͺ֥һ
ûзӦܹ֪ȤЦҲȥʱСȴ΢΢̽ͷ
ܹգǳԼ÷㣬ϵһޡ
еͷ£ܿջ֣üһ⣺Ǻ˰ɣ
Сܹ϶Ǵ㵣ΪԼǷʲôɻ䣬̫ӵͷ֣ԥҪҪǸͼȻ۾λã΢΢Ǽʲô
ɻֻ˼£Ӧûʲô°ɣ
ܹ̲סЦųĶͷúܺãڿˡ
˾ͺͺèһĵʱ£Ȼûʲôģܹ˶⡣
ܹĵķƣ˸룬һֱǲЦ
С˶ҪԼɡܹƫ˵Լɡ˰ܾͻֻܹ꣬һɡ¡
Ӳߣʮˣȴʮĵ඼Ȳ
˵Щˣǰûֱ֪ʰΪ֤ȷʵСӲͷֱӽٹͷܸҵӵǿ
һȦ˶ΧСʰٸſޣʰţǿСǲĺܰ԰ɶ԰ɣְݵģһֻ־ܾˡ
ºС˵ؿ޳˷ʰ˶ʮƪѵʮ鶼ųġ
ʲôܹ붫ĳ̨׶ûע⣬һ䡣
Сˮʪļ˵㲻ûң궼ʪ·ˡ
ӺãʪҲްȾ˷纮Ҫһ˹ŹءܹԼĻһ¡ôԶ
С߿һ£˵ڽܽһûøô졣뺦Ȼܾôˣɡ
δ˵꣬һ󼱴ٵĽŲҵĺѸٿ
ܹҲͣ˽Ųһĵط
찴סС㣬ץס
С㣡Źʲô
ǷˣҪˣȥү
Сţñʪ˵
ŮˤڵأմཬʪڷҲǱڼձߡ
ŮҪϵذ׽ˡ
Сվɡ£ȵؿŽܽ
ʱ򣬽ܽҲ̧ϵıʹ࣬˲תΪ˷ߺ޺衣
ҪסС˻ϣʱԵм
ٻò⣬ͬɣʹޱȡ
ǡø죬ɼ۵ʧȥǡ
ˮ˳£̧ܽذףֱָС㡭С
Ȼ֪̫ӺСýܽԼҲܹ˵һͷ˵Χ£ܽͬޣʧȥǾ޲𹥻ˡ
С㵵վԭأܹ񣺡ܾ𣿡
ܹƺΪ˴ǲ̲ġӦǵģȾϰٻԽãԽǾ޷Գ֡Ϊʹ࣬ҵļıýܽģ
䣬һӰ嵽ܽߣҪȥסȴס
͡һ·ܹˮʪҲٶׯֻʣһŮеĸģܽܽԼǧҪɵ°ѵ£ǲ
˱ǳ⣬ٸҶֻܽԥΧס
͡Сܹһ֣ҲֻжݵľȣĿڽܽϡ
ʱ֪Ҳĸϵˣɡ»һҡ
ƺѾϰ˽ܽģƳһۣε콫Сѹȥߣ
Ϻܹ񡣽ܽȻƿ̴ӣһҴǣֳܿСķȥ
СаܾͰôˣܹڻˮմοǽܽ
۱סܽȥذףȴһ
֪ŭ
ܽۿž񶼻ˣﻹϵʲôˣ͡޺һܽ!ҿ˭ң
ذȾѪֱˮϴ̸ɾ
֪ס͡ʲôʱ㻹˶㿴𣿡
ΪסܽһλŮ϶ˣһ·ϸǴˣҲ⡣
֪ŭţһԵҼһת§ڻﻤ
СܽĶæȥ͡ȴһ
ڽ֪תסҵʱ򣬳͡һ˲ؿڴľʹع񣬴ĿĵѪ۵úκ˵ֻ֣ǴؿŽܽ
˽֪ϣʧȥ㵹ء
ˮ֪ʱҲһ㣬Ⱦɺ졣
Сܹ˻ȥź԰ˡ
ۣٵܹ߬·ָס
ص죬Ųˮ
͡ɫ԰׵ĵڵϣ֪ˮָסˣȴôҲ²סӿѪſȴѪӿֺܿ챻ˮȥ
һһϣ໰Ҫ߽֪ȴһҲ˵ֻʣ¡ʹ־
ֱɢˣ֪Ҳû˵ʲô
Сܹ˽֪
һ֪̬ĴޣҲʱ֪ԭ񽪺֪ˣҲΪ˭ĵ˺ѷΡ
ܹʼճȵģ²ؼؿǰһУûб޴С£                        
лҪ˵̫ӣ󱻰ĺӺǳ̷˵Ľ֡Ҳдر𼫶˵Ĺ£ҾӦò⡣

 63 

͡ɥһ, ɽϷ˶ˡ
Ҳʢһʱ䵽յ³, ɢɢ, ꡣ
۫뽪, ѽ֪ڵϴһپ, նûٳ֡
Сص, п, Ҳ˵ʲôζ
͡Ϥ, ǰฮʱżյΣʱҲֻͰĶЦЦŸ˶ݸ߲ȵͣҲٴյǰӡ
еĳ̷ˣһׯ, ܰӵĸס
һ, ײ̷ڻ԰ܽ, ʱͺϣԼҲദ
ֻ컯Ūˣĵڶ, ͡ҲͬһգԼŮ֡
ǰԼŮ, ҲԽ֪ʧ, ʼྶͥ³ȴһ
һգ˺üյڷ, ѵõĳ̫
չТϣΪ׶˲ů⣬Щ̡
֪ǹٽƷɥ¶˹񣬿żݵ˻ﲻ
һЩΣжˡһЩԹģԵֻΪ˿³
ɥգСذ׵ѣֻ˸
ܹ˽ȥһƬµİףӰȴе޶˵š
Ľ֪ȻλߣȴҲһ̫֮࣬ǰμ޵ɥҲʲôϡ¡
ڹʺŭˣܹ񽫴µ£ǵ۷׷ף඼ʸ֮ġСһͬʱб͵עӣвһЩŮı鿴
ܹɫݣ˵ԼСЩӦ㡣
Ůһ㶼бֿСһȺİ˵ĴͰܾһͬȥá
ĿǲҵİףֻһڳĹľ룬ĵ׷
͡׶ˣʸΪТֽǮֻʣ³۫ŮԼͷ׵Ľ֪
Ȼֻʣ½һˣֵطѪף˶Ըմϻ͡򣬶ⶼǲأֵ󣬵յ࣬ԽܽԹѾõҲûУ߱ĸ˵ǽס˿
СҲ˽Ҳһɥǵͷ˵ǿĸֿ˴ˡ
Сûм˳ŵĽۣǱιצٳ򵽱˵ҰޣӰôƲһ
̧СΪʲôҪ
С磬ҪȥȼȴһѶӲ˵ģαػ̬
ۣҲֻһʧȥĸס
۽ĵϣۿˮҧĸȡҾ֪ġҲûĸףбضһãǲǣڸø˰ɣ
ȥС˺ĸ׵飬ûһûֵˡ
߬ȭͷžҵţǿŲԼ¶ǱһֻҪЦҪ˵ģ
СȻԼܣοɥĸ֮ճʵûе¡
ȱ£ȴܺһ㡣
ǰ֣ΪһٿɢҲˡ
㲻ˣҽֻΪ˼ݽˣûƽϴǰ˼ǲõ£Լܷ£ΪνۻץŲţʵ벻͸
֮ǰϨҪк󱲲ϵСܽʧǱˣܴ̼֪۫ȥֻʣһۣĬĬڴȼ㣬ѾһҹδۣҪٵȵϢҲһƬƣɫ
ۣˡСѵ
ۺһۣȥĬĬȥȼ㡣
СվλǰһԲĿİףȻЩʲôʵĸȥƺûаɥ񡣡
ͣգ£ЩûУΪŮû񽪳һΪТȼ顣ʹҴˡ
۹ڻǰĬŻֽκ˵Թ𣿡
һ£شԹԿڣʲôûˣҵ䣬˶ҲмһˣۼҲ侮ʯĸ׶ûˡСоý
ֽ£ĻֺܿϨֽƮɢתת䵽ļ緢
ȴĻֻֽʣ¿ݰܵĻңһɢ˵һҲˣ尾Ʈҡշת糾ɢȥˣûй
ۣҶûʲôԹޣҲ˵ԭ¡֮䣬ûн˵ıҲܴܵһУûнһ˵ʹԼᣬҲһʹˣܵĿѾͿԱҲ㣬Ҳ뿴㣬𣿡Сڳ͡ǰҲ˽棬
ŮԺֻǶС
ӡڽ۵ϣռеˮ⣬ϰ߲ۡ
ԭ£̫ءЩ𣿵ϲȴץ˸޷ֵסŲ£˶Ϊʲôͬµ񣬻Ҫɵɵߣ˳Цۡ
ҵ£޹ء
ɤƣ˵Щʲôȴʯӣʹ̡
ӣų͡λ˵ĸףһֱҽףҲʹ˭ҵС㣬һֱ֪ΪΣ
СȥĲӺȻͣסˣɫҲùŹ֣šüë˵ꡣ
ʵҲûôԴҲϲڳԣϲ۸˭ֻǺ¡˵ضǾöֿɲû취СҸ㲻ֹϵͲ۸㣬ϲģûп̫ܲӡ
ȵȡСסں˶а㣬ûع񣬾㵵˵
һգһС۸㣬㲻ֳͻȻ˵Լϲ㣬Щ۸ֻǳں±˷˼õΣ
С֪ΣתҪߣȴײһ˵Ļ
ÿƾϴкϵ㣬֪˭ˡһӰѸӹžһ
࣬ʮʮڿտ΢Ļ죬;ۡ
֪ĿѣûָŽۣһȥպףҲѪֱᵹһߣһԱģ
ӣĸ׵Ķ䣡֪üţ˺Ž۵Тק͡ĹǰͷϿġĸϴ˵Լʧķ裬ں˵
С飬ٿȥ
ܹ뿪˵ҲǹҪֻǡײˣȴ뽪ҲڣȻǳ¡
˵ı֮СȻϧǸȴʵֻ
˵ˡ
ײЩʵʮֶ
ʹٲԸϣ۶Ѫף֪ݵ˼ǰζοεһĻܹͽ֪ˡ
ܹ˵ֲĴ㷳ʲôǻǻعɡ
һ˵꣬÷ʹһɧԼ˺Ѫˣ촫򣡿ȥ˰
߸꣬һСɫسôȥܹסʵţ
Сϳܹ񣬸æ񣬻ش𣺡̫ӵ£ǴСˣű̫æЩ֣˭֪С㾹Ȼ˳Ҳ֪ȥģǺð˶ҪǵƤ
ܹ񣺡ʱصˣڲᴦˡ

һ󺰣㰡ιȥˣ                        
лҪ˵ôôΪҲŰ̫ˣҪ밡ô࣬һҲ̫Ű

 64 

붬ľǺɪɪ, γĺˮӳգ羵ĺƯſҶ, ĴһƬ
Сǰϲ, Ϊฮ̫, ջѩ, Ȥ¡ֱǰ, Ϊ纮һɼ, ̫ϱʹ, ѩä֢Ҳòһѩʱ򣬾۾ϵһٱѩۡ
ҪȾů࣬Ҳû񾩳һĴѩ
ܽӽСûϢ, ¹ƵȻҲ޷ˡ
֪ǰ治Ļ, ڳ͡Ѫԡ͵֪, ̾Է
С֪ˣνޱȸӡ
͡᲻ú, ɽлϷҲˡ
ǰСҲ˻ȥ, һ档
Ϸ˫ۻ, Ѿʲôˣ󣬻ǿ˾䣺С˰
, ǴӺмġ
С齱ߣֱס˵ֻʣһ㱡ƤŹͷյúܽȫ
Ϸˣ
СſڣƺҪ˵ʲôǽø
ǽҶԲס㣬ҲԲסĸסСҪúùǸúӣĸܿˣһתۣôôˡ
Ϸֻܷ߽Ļ߶߶˵޹ؽҪ£˵˾䣺̫ӵϲϲ㰡ҪǶ㲻ÿôأ̫ӣҪ۸㣬ûΪôأ
СȷϷǿˣܹվš
̫ӺϲСһúöĴŶƭ˵ģֻϲСһˣ۸ġϷ˻ġܹȣŵһš
ϷС֣ðá
˵ûһСŷӦϷˡ
Ϊ۵£֪֪ͬ
λظҲǽ֪˵ﴫżæ˻Ϸգû̫ʹӳȥĽ֪ƫûп
Ϸȥ𣿡
ߡ
֪ص˵ͷûٿڡ
ܹСع·ϣ䣬ʵϷ˴ǰܺҺû
СǸĹһЩ΢С¶ǹáǰʱҪĸŮժ˺ÿĻῪĵ˵ܹλϷˣʹڼŬѰҲûѰʲôϢ
ϷʵǺֵģϲ徲Ϊ۶Ϸ˶˵仰ȻƲ϶ҺܺáǰҹиŮϺõĸ㣬ʱҲȷӦϷԺС˵ЩҲɵسĬˡ
ϷҲˣ֪ߣҲ֪ʣʲô
ٷٺûý֪ı¡һıʺʹҲȥʮͣ˲̬֮֮䣬ͷͰ˴Ƭ  
աҲһġ
򣬽ֹԹˡ
*
౻ĳԣΪӦЩµĴ󳼡ע£ȴնŻƷͷ㣬Ӽ಻Сд׹ƨͨʫģܱóС
ܹСضûаʲô£ȴƫ˵Ϲأڳ۵ࡣ
ȻػӦǣصĳĬĬ£ת˵һǧ˰ٵķ
ȻӸٻ󣬶̶̵ʱգ˱Сʶ˻Ҫࡣʺŭҹ붫̫鷿ŭܹСèǡ·ƫͷۣһѵˡ
ܹӹè˲վţͷʺߵѵ⡣
ûϢ!ôǴҳŮһײȵͷϣ˿δ̫㵹ãղ֪ν㵣̫λãľһ飡
ȥݷЩʿСѾܾûбָűӽѵˣƫƫʺ˵ĻеȷʵմڶȲ費˼ȡ˵죬ܹ
ܹ񱻻ʺСѵ⵽ϰˣµسЦЦ
һüĿģʺҪŭҪ˵ڵĻͻȻͶˣҲ˵㲻ԡ
˵̫γ谮Ṇ̀ǮƱĹţ˻ҲΪţϲúܡ
ϲ̣Сʱü١ԼĶӣ˼жѲ͸ԼҲ֪ġ
̫ӣ㣬Ƿϲ༧
ܹСһۣ̹Ȼĸϣϲ˭
ȻǡҪ˵С㶸ȻͣסһжˣŭǺ֣
ĸȻ׶˼Щ»ǲҪֵĺá
ʺһԼڿ˺һ־Һ̫ûлͷȻͷվܹߵС뵽ԼŻŭѵ᲻̫Щº˼֡Сҷ˵ס𣿡
Сͷ
̫ҪԼΡ
Сڣһǰ
ʺƳһۣǣѾס̫޹ȻҲҪ絣Ρ
Ȼʺ˵һȥСһ
ˣ´βĸˡ
С֥鱧˵еСơҲǣֻǻʺ˵ҲûҺǲ˼ȡЩоڹҶԼһԺʱʲô֥ձʱССһţڶֳˣҵҲһ磬ʱ͸һ
ܹû뵽ΪЩ¶ǳЦһֻèʲô㱾ҲãθںǼ£οҲʲô仯Ǻݡ
С̾гЩֻ˵ʺ֮ǰϲôһУҲ˵̫Ļ
𣿡
СɨһۡȻãҪ뿪ģƶˣ㲻ܼ㣬̫ӦҸʵ㣬£ȡ
ҡҷֻʣ΢èС
ܹĿͣ鰸ǰĿ֦ϡ
ǿ֦鰸ʮࡣۣûҲûС˼Ҳֻò֪ν벻ͨΪλһ֦
ԼҲ벻ͨˡ
ڵʱŮӻͻõɡ
⻨Ӻʰ͵ģСͲϲˣϲʰ͵ӻ
ʰһδҶܽϲЦտŶķƽҲʼûи˹
ɫˣطЪϢɡܹüе⣬˵
*
ȵֵ䶼ŵʱ򣬻ʺ졣
ڹ̫ãģ浱ԼǸҪ̫Щġ
Ǳʺ𷣺һίͰ͵ȥܹ񣬱˶˳
ˮˮȹϣνʮǱǡʱСèԶǧͰܾ˵Ц
мޣֻڳЦԼֲĵСֻ÷߷ߵ뿪ˡ
ʱգСʱʱѩԺѧķʽеԺãʼûи֣ʱѩ롣һŮѧҪи֣˺üնδ뵽ֱʷʱƼλԼǻʵ۵Ĺʷ٣뾭ѵ
뾭ѵڴʵʲôôʣʹ治һģһ㶼Ҫ˿ʷ
Ժôãͻĵһֱûͣ£ŮѧһҲе档
СԼֱ࣬ˡ뾭ΪԺ
һգܹվѧſڣС䣬ȴĿᶨеĶʮλŮѧ˵ΪԺȡ֣Ҳܼ򵥡ΪŮӣòڡϣľڣǵľͽηգģӵѡȨԳΪʱ˲ѧߣִ򣬾ˡǰ½Ů볯Ϊ٣ɳ֮Ҳ̷һĽӢۡϣպҲиҲãĬĬҲãֻҪԼĳģһֶǾʵġպ˸ѡӣƽ˳ĹһҲΪǸˡ
µѧɫ޲ΣϸСĽ̻塣
ܹСŶֳȵվ̨ϣȻЩ㱡
ֻõǸ˽Сɱһģٿ־ʲôҲû䡣
ݣڿʹŬ͵Ļţ̬ʢھ֮ϡ
СſվŵܹЦЦ°ǿˡ
á
лҪ˵ʹңҪұ֮Ը衪̩
ϲŰģżҲϣܿһõĹֹ۵ȥСǱȽˣ̤ʵصʵܶ࣬ԶҪߡϣÿ˶ѡԼ
ȻУûþͻ


 65 

ͱСҪЩ, ܶѾ˷ţʵȻ᲻Զ뾩ȥ, Щɼҡ
˵Ļ¶ĩ, Сȥϲ, ع֮ʱ, , С֪, ̾һ̫ӵ¶һ, ˭֪ҲˣõĹʵ׾ä
عС˵ܹЦȷʵ׾ä˵õҲ
Сε㵹˿ںЩ飿
ܹӷ, ü, ˵֪Ǽٵı, ˵ķ飬ҺΣ
ЦЦ, û
*
ձһֻèȱ¯Ҫů, Сҹᱧ֥˯, ֻżӻϲҲ᲻ˡ
ëǣʰҲǲţһϲȥܡ
Сһûҵ֥, ˰ܾȥѰұҲûѰټ
澽֥ʱ򣬻Ѿ䡣
С类ˮͷ£ûֻؿȥèۿʣҵģ
ڶԶһ
Сǿᣬ˵ʿʲô
ܹ֪£ǰοСʱѾáڷз۾ţ͵͵á
Сܹˣò׻ͻȻ߽ˡֻίѹſڱſǻ绹úõģҵˣǽ˶ˡңһֻè֣
ܹĺ󱳣ʲô𣿡
⣬ȥˣŷҪģֻĹҪѾðܾȥˡСѹѹȴһû󣬺ܿͽ¶˲˳
ܹҲû̫⣬ȴһЩΡûЩȥѹˡ
С̾˻ȥ¡
˵Ҳ֣ڰܾǰסˣܹһĵ׵ί緭ӿ˳ѹѹס
౻ʱҲʵˣֻһֻèιأҲȲһˣ˱ˡôܹˣοһֻè
ʹѹ̫ӵҲĶҪ־͹ԼҳԶһֻǡ
࿴С۾ˣлЩ⣬Ǹ㱻һȵͷ
㾹Ȼ
ž
һĶ⡣
СҲ÷飬ʵʹʮɵвЩڱ˾ˣһҲԼǱҪ֪ڹжУһֻèԶء
˵ʲô㱻˳ȥܹҲ飬澣͸˹һ楡
һ仰񣬶ܸıһ
౻ãЩ̫ӵķҲƽϢˣǰСޱ޵ˣ˵ĻҲǿЩ
ЩӺСͬһع·˷磬ܾȥ磬ȥµʱһŮ˼
δȥĵطһǱ̲Դ֣Щ
ȴ˹Źֵ죬Ůɻ֣ʲôζ
Сü߿ۣվǴиӡ
ʲôˣ
ŵһæ˵ذɣⶫá
Ѿˣû˹˵ڵ¶˳
ֻ͵ĴȮ˺һ˵Ѫ⣬ѾȥƤ⣬ãһأϡɼɭɭ׹ǡ

ȳѪһĻŵòôԵĹŮʱŻ˹ȥ˷ס
СŻ԰ɫǽ˱ȥ̫ҽ
ԶˣǹѪȴ·߻ɢȥ
СǽشҪղŵһĻԺеĻȴ
ҹСҲˣ˯¡
ܹߵˣ֪Եɡ
˲٣̫Ҳ׷侮ʯĥ楸˸ֱӶȮˣһĻպСײߵĹŮ˹ȥ
ҹʱСĴоѣ亹乣߬ӷ
ĵƺȻڰ˹Ρܹһۣɢį̄£Сࡣ
جˣ
Сʵؿգգۣˮ
΢ܹԽԵᣬҪ֣ԥͣ£̽ʵұһ£òã
Сŵòᣬܹǡôĳ֣ʵ
ûд𻰣ܹЦһ£ΪԼܾˣһӱ뻳С
Сͷֻ࣬סܹСĺˣҵС
ܹȰ֪
Ͳˡ
һ£Цǲزסáֱ̧ס˵Ǳá
ҹܹС˯ŵģڶմʱǵ񶼺ο
ܹ񱾸ǰ㻶ϲ峿뿪ʱСϵš
Ǻʰġ
˵ջؾ
лҪ˵Ϊ¶̣Ϊһֱб仯ģİܿ쵽أҪ
þûˣ۷24Сʱ֮ھͿԣ鷳Ҫλ̫

 66 

ɲ״, С˺üյجΡ
𴧲ľģ޷Ŵճһ档
ϵȨ, ٻ, ҲϣԾ֦ͷĵط
˵Ļ, Ҳ˵, ͬԼ
ܹӵʱ, , ȵܹӿ, ³ǱȮʳ
Ǽ¹ȥСһΣεԼܹôԶԶĿţ֣ЦЦްͬԭ, Į
ܹ񱡴΢, һξ, ȴرĿ͡
˵
С
Ȼ, 亹乡
ܹǰһ㣬ǡôس, ŻƵߡ
Сȴ, ӱܿ
ֶܹסŲı飬˼ʵôˣ
Сܹ, ðβŴع
ļ¸޷ƽŬЩõʴԺɢ
û¡
ʹˣϵľ־壬Ǳܹ񿴵һ
ΪجΣɿ־壬Ϊ
ܹҲ֪μʲôֻǼɫ԰һƬҲöʣֻ˵Щתע
ǰʵ˽ýվ¶⸱ģ
ܹҲЩ޿κΣÿΪ˴˵ľˣСֺܿ壬һжǴ
ջ£Щȥ˯ɡ
һ˯ߡܹС齣ƽͳ˵Щʲôͬǰһ˯š
ɾȴߣܹغϣԽԽ̲סһĻҲƳЩ
û£̫ӵ»ǻȥɡ
齱ߵӰĬûжúΪҴҴǡ
СǾҺ𣿡
СЩ֣ԼŴûС
Լϼ룬ܹȻʧЦ˵ȻС
ΪܹǾͲ˵ˣ˭֪һʮֿʮί˵Ȼ֪ΪΣ´ĪҪˡԸԹŭңҲ㺦ҡ㣬ҵȷмѹ
ܹҲΪһѹ
Сһ£δ˵ʲôܹ㸩Ķͷ˵ˣЩ˯ĪҪ˼롣
š
ܹãС޷˯ãź֪ףԼ־ĲǱƿأѵϢС
Լһж˽Уÿһߵɼ޷ѡ
µģֻܹȴ
ܹǴװôණжٵķ
һ뵽Щ̲ס£ԼΪҪǸ
֪͡ȫǽ֪ٷޣøԹĽ֡
ʱѩ䶼˵ʹǳ˵ĵطû֮£ʬǡ
ʬֶһ࣬ﲻôĵط
ܹҲЩģǲкܶࡣ
ͬģܹķҲࡣ
Ϊν鰮һʺͷѹôɼɹȥɽ˵Ҳǲ
*
յʰ˵ջؾźСûϢ
ִҩȥĴ򣬽ûиõĻ֮
ƶˣԼҲֻÿοܹѪ̲ס޷Ӳĳ
ڶЩӣƺʱҲ÷ɿ졣
֪ƲѾδϳˡҲûϢӼҲδȥŴܹе֪Ǳ͵Զ뾩ǵ峤̻
Щ£ܹԶǵȻģ׿˵Լص˼Ҳδйһ˿һľûйֻƬ
ܹʲô֪ʲôֻҪʣԶҲ˵˵ˣҲ١
Ϊط򸾶ԶڰͿ縸˼㵣չ˽ΡΪԶǸɢүʱԼȥɽˮղӰΪ˱ܶ뽭˽»̫Ƶ˼סԼĸۡ
СȥҽʱԥãſйغʰϢ
˼ӱ߹ػؾҪʮղܵǡ
ʮգɺǶˡ
ʰ˵ջؾ޷ϻһ𿴻ơ
һĶиСᡣܹȥյС
뷨ȴշתΣ֪οڡ
ǰСһγ
û
ʱСֻɳӵȸһжʣʸͣ
ȥ궬ʱܹ볯оһ࿹⣬гѽ⡣ûðߣƻӳӰ߲ˣֲڶ
ʹߵﶼǳ˫Եľ£żмҲǰ
һòǷĹӹ˴Ҳ£ֻһĿ˶ͬ
ܹȥ̬ȺƵΪԼ
λһۣ˵ĻãÿλеĿڴʹ
Ҽǵ㣬ȥʱ߻ŸƯĹȻǲˣҲ͸ġôεεСӾҲ֪ϧʱץöƣںӱ߿޵úһʰ֪ɲϲǰѹʮֻϲ㡣ɲǣŪ˰ɡ˵ÿһԣһͷһμڶʱѹǿޡ߶߶˵˺Щܹȴȥתˡ
ֱŨĺʱƫƫôɣһ紵죬š
ֻеһ̧ǧУˡܹ֡
ŵģǡС
еһ˲šƺѳأƵ޹أֻзĺӳУȾɺ죬ͬһ㡣
ú³ڶߡųֵĺôҲˣƺֻĴܹ۵׷ȣ˫ĿĪʹ
ŷֲ֪ʱѾһƬ
Լʪָʱеδйļ䣬ͬ纮ʴ޷
ŷʧãǶõһʡ
ʴȣᡣ
*
СԸܹͬҲûȥʲô
Զ˵Щζ˴˶ԸĽᡣ
ܹ֪ҪŽȥƣȻߣɼȻ˵˲ԸǿҲֻǻ¡
Ⱥʱ򣬽Ϊ˼ܶ⣬ȻǺһ硣ϸϸۣ֬ҪϸϸüСã̲ס˵ƶڵʱ㻭ٺÿƽҲѽ
һ˿һػᣬҲҪҺÿӡƯҪױΣҾͲͬˣնкöˣҲܱ˱ȥ
ദĶˣԽãûн˼տʱȫȻ˽ҵļҹʲô
أ̫ӵôҲ
Ҳ롣
һüëɻˣѲ㻹ǲϲ̫ӵ£˲Լһεƻģ
С£˵ʵ̫ǿƻģҵһγ
Ϊβһǵƻ᲻𣿡
ƻܺáСЦ΢΢£˵ʱĳҵһμˣһ𣬻ߣ˵̯Ҳܶ࣬еĻӣҺϲǸӵơջ˿Һÿһ˺ܾá
Ȼǵȵ˵
СͣƬ̣Ц⽥ʧ԰ôǵô
ܶӽʱ򣬽˼ҲȥˡСܶʱһ£̲סЦ
վڸǰͷҹǣ뵽ʰ˿̣ӦͬһƬǿ¡
ǰʱҲǶ˵ĵһ
Сͷȹ̨ףЩ߼øϽǡ
ȻشŴСΪ˽ҲûͷŲ˼
κûĶƺǲ׼ˣҪͷһۣһ˵
żκϷʵЦ⣬˵ǸɵѾͷ
ΪԼ˻ԭһ
˹ĵ̾˵ôòҲͷһۺ磿                        

 67 

ʰһװ, ڸߴϣڵ
Сʧʱ䱻ɨ, ֻʣ˻ϲ, ϲ磡
ط, ԼǹҺú, վ, Сʮಽľ, ˶ûж
ʰЦһ, ſ˫ۡ㿴֤һָͷҲû١
СʰȥĲԽԽ죬ֱ߻Ϊܣٱʰ˱תһȦ, ֹһ, Ǹӻǲߡ
ˣ
վú, СʰձһԵİ̺ۣɫҲȴǰҪ, ۵ҲƸӲʼ㡣
ֳ˵кüղŵִﾩǣý͵ˣ
˵˶㿴, Ȼʳԡ߼, ӱ޵ظϻ㻹üʰ˵Լӱ޸ϻΪҾ˵һܸ϶Ļ, ˻ء
Сɻˣ
ôʱӻҹĻУһһӰθŮǣ߽¶ڵĹ¡
ʰ֣߿ЩôŲæģ
߽ˣСų׿ˡ
ʰ˵¥ǸĽפĳҽʱи£Ҹһ٣ľˡ
¥ؿһۣҽΣҾ㡣
Сֻץһص㣺ˣʲôˣ
ʰ̵¥һۣ˼۾ŤͷЦСһСˣأΪԼҽź˵˵ģɱ档
¥ûٷϣСĿ⣬΢΢䴽¶һԵЦ

СѺõСͺˣлл¥˺硣
лҽߵְѡ
¥òŽΪ䣬Цʱ˾òýӽʰ֪С˼ϸ壬룬˵¥ӣ˭ģرãĵҲڱ߹ǵطҲûʲôѣǺѣһڡȻЩף˿ɺˡ
¥ǵһʰؿЩƳһۡ
ǵķȷ¥δľǶԵʣϵҪࡣ
Сͺʰһ˵ھӪеȤ£ڱ߹صš¥żӦ䣬ʱԵþнĬ
һҽ¥߹ط˺ܶ࣬ȴҲԼ۽硣СЩܸȤӺʰת¥ߣЩ
¥ΪԼĹŮӲͬС㣬Ӧû¶һľ顣Сˣͬʰ˵ǸЩڲͬĹ
¥Ȼȥôط˵Щֻ
¥û뵽ԼᱻôĿ佱Щ֪򴽣ɫ΢صͷСˡ
ûޣĺֻҽ
ʰԼ𽥱䣬˿ȣ˰˵Ҫˡ
ȵҹɫŨϵҲˣ˫ɶʮۡ
¥֪ʰδ飬СӦԼĻҪ˵˸ȥй䣬¶ദʱ䡣
ãСһƵС̯ǰͣסͷŹڸߴǸӵơ
Ҫ
СֲˣҡͷҪ
ʰѾȡ£ҲܾǮݸСȻ󽫵Ҫ˵أҪĶš
ֽӵԴֲڣȴҲ׾ɰʹǰûʲôͬ
ӯӯƹ֣ûоͷ
¥ˣЩǰ˵ֻʣǶˣȴɲ֪Ӻ˵
ɡµһǣ֪˵
ͬģ̫ӣСҲ֪˵
ǵһûȥأСԸȥһΣ
СüһֻӲͷƤӦá
ɫЩ硣
ʵƱ紵ҡΣгб紵ţ໥Ĵ
δ̤룬Ũ㱻͵Ǽ⡣
С֪ãŲȻͣˣǰߡ
磬л˵
ʰҲͣ£ȻһЦҲǣ˺þã˵ˡ
ʱ䣬˺ܶ£˵췭ظҲΪ
ǳñ䶯ҵû䣬ܹĹϵܶĴͻ飬ʰпˡ
׶վǲһġ
ڱ߹ؾĵ⽣ӰվЩǱһֽ޷ܵ
ڶ۸㣿̫ӵôʰһ£ѹסɬ֮⣬Ž仰˵ꡣ
뿪ʱʵĻٻصǣѾ˵ڡ
С߬еӵƣ۽޲˲ͷ̫ӴҺܺãû۸ҡ
ɽݣҪܾò͵ǰյУ˵㱻˹ƶ̫һֱѪΪ㻯ơӿɺЩˣʰ˵Щž
ھУʵҲյĸţ˶Ϊƪѵһͨ⣬йС̫ӵ¡
̫Ǿǳ
ȴǰѾ࣬˵һԺȻʱʱ鷳ʲô£һжáСԽ˵ԽСؾˡ
ʰĬһΪѹֵ
ε̾Դʵö˶˵ؿʲô
硭ûʵҵ𣿡
߽ĺʱԼ롣
ʰǺܺúܺõˣһѡҪ⡣
ϣʰѹ޷ҪЩѹ¡
аʰǿԼɵ˵һ֪Ժȥʲôط᲻ٸдšȻҵдòôҲǿܿɣĪҪ˶Ըˡ
Сۿ޿ƵɬǰĵƹӰҲˮ뵵ģ
粻᲻㲻ˣ᲻Ӵңټң
ʰޣĿڴпϵʯӲĥţ۵òǿңȴ޷άֹõЦ⡣
С㲻ˣŪˣպɻң
СҡͷԶǺ硣
ǱˣСҲԶС
ʰ˵꣬С̧ۣˮģӰһ۾ǰ
ҶϣΪϲ̫ӣҷӰģЩ¾ͲǷǺڼ׵ģǡʰ˵ⷬСҲˡ
˼˵Сûиı⣬ǶҲ޷ߵһġΪ̫ӣΪ˴˵־ѡ
֮ɲɣҶܹǸ˾ӣҲ䲻
ڴΪ۽ҺĹø
ϲ̫𣿡
ʰСۿ﷢΢΢ӵƣͷԲ𺫶硣
Ҫ룬ҲҶԲ㣬ʳԵҲǡʰЦŸȥᡣˣȻ˹̫ӻΪ˭۸㣬Ҫˡ
˵꣬С޵øˣ˵Ҳȥ
նȥ棬òã
*
ⵢʱˣʰҵ¥ҪСع
ҫ£Сˮ۾һ֪ǿ޹ˡ
¥ƮƮؿۺʰֹ
ʰ֪϶СǿˣҲû˵˾䣺ˣ㲻ҽ߳СһֱãӻвĹƶѪأæʲôʱܺá
ʲôƣ˵ϸЩ¥žòԣʵ
СԼԼ·ﻹϴγŵҩ˳óݸ¥Ȼ˵ԼϵĹƣ̫ҽĶ
¥ԽüԽʰԣҲЩңæʵʲôôˣɱң
СҲЩ飬¥ڡ
˹ȷʵѹ֮ЧҷŹ˵ƶѽ⣬Ҵ˹ƲҪѪƣֻҪҩ⣬ҵķӣҲֻвѪЧá¥˵꣬СԼǵûпģ¶һֳƵŭı飬ΪԼ˵ˣҽ꣬СŲҲȥԵĴ򣬱룬Ҳ̫Զ
¥ҽȻŵùֻЩȣֻǡС˶٣ֵֻ˵ҪѪƣֻһ˵ģһֱѪΪҩҾôԻĵˡ
¥ûע⵽ʰõɫ˵ȷʵĵЩЩѪֻǰˡ
СһŬԼ侲
¥ʰʹɫѯԼǲ˵˲˵ģʰҲ֪λӦ
Ƭ̺С磬ҽղع
ʰ֪̫ƭˣ϶òᣬҲȰ˵Ǿȥֳһ𡣡
š
*
ֵĵƻ̻𣬹Ҳ裬ֻ̻ȣϯ˶̫ׯأҪһһǷأûе壬ڳЦҲ١
ܹ뿪ϲֳ϶
ǡʱСҲôӹҪЩص
֮ӣϣСգ뵽Ĳѹ¡
صʱ򣬳ȶ˸ʽɵĻƣСʱᾭĵطյ硣
۾ҹ￴ʱģºڣÿ߹·Ầ
ܹ֮ǰôˣֻϵգСһ㾪ϲ
ܹ˼־ʵСˣϲϲЩ̻أ
ѾϰܹС˸һشģСﶨȻϲ                        
лҪ˵غ


 68 

ܹ˺ܾá
ʱ, ܻĹҲһʱ䣬ǲ̺Ҳ, ټĹ, յֻʣԼ
˻·, ɳȵһͷ, ʼûг뿴ˡ
ɳ֮ǰ, ˵ûЩġ
ܹڵǰ, ű紵ĴҡڵĻ, Ҳźĵƻҡڲ
ҹ˲֪жõʱ򣬿ʼСǰʲôѣ᲻̫
СҪģһЩҲҪ, һˡ
һֱȵ, ˵ǰܾӹ⴫صϢ
ܹ, û̫ķӦֻǻű紵Ļ, ˵ˡ
в̣ŶСҲԹҹ, ЩЪϢ
ܹšһ, ȴûתСƽ侲·֪ˣȻȥɡ
Ȱ뿪, ֻʣܹһˡ
Ǻ֮£֦Ҷ졣
ܾӹ⴫ϢʰҹִﾩǡʵѾֻԸţСΥ򿪹Ҳ޷
롣
ѹ֣СϻԭΪʰؾˡ
Ʊ紵˼յܹһյյµ
ʱ֮ϣ׼õ̻ȼ
ҹɫУε𣬽ͥԺյ硣ӰǱʯףҪǱѤȼֻһĨӰʹѤõĻ£ҲԵò԰䵭
̻ڶȻǼΪ۵ģ๬˶̲סͣ£̻Ĺȥ
Ӱ棬
ԺĻ貵ôۡ
ܹƽؿţûһ˿ı飬ӳŻǳű䡣
ŻϨ𣬶ݵİҲȥˡԽĿĶȥٶҲԽ졣
ֻƬ̶ѣعڰܹӰûŨȥҹɫСͥиŵζϻЩ̻ȴҡ
СӦòϲŵζ
ԺгͷܹԼݵһ¡
ʵЩѹΪ˺ʰ£ȴڵλġ
Сʱ˵˲ʲôҪⲻƽ
һЩ˵Ĳƽʲô˼ˡ
*
ܹڵһҹδֻۣųÿۣԺоСͺʰľ
Ƕ˻ȥģЩ£
޷ƵȥЩлɣСǷͬһʱȥʰ֣Ƿͺʰһȥںд¶˵ա
ܹ񲻸룬ҲԸۣһֱ΢ʱӵŵķ϶ȴĵƻ䡣
УЩŲ
̧ܹĲˡ
Сһϻعľһ
ͥԺǱȼ̻ȱ߹˸ʽɵĻƣߵܹ޵ŷֵδء
һƱƿˣ۱ܹڵϣɫ԰īɢһĻꡣ̧΢΢һ£ȴֺܺܿ䡣
СǰܹΪԼķħˣŻֻ
ӦʵʵڵػЩ֪룬ֹ˺һһԲ
Сֱܹ۾ϲʲôΣ˵ʱ侲Ϊơ
㲻ʲô𣿡
ܹһۣڲŷɤɬƣұ̻û´Ϊ׼ҪʧԼòã
СıЩŹ֣üûлع˼׷ѣ㲻𣿡
ҡҡͷƴָ⡣
ûԼĪеģȴֻôһ˲Ļѹǻɬȴ޿κΡСԸΡһжǿ󣬵õʲôĽҲȡ
ԼȥӲСϣԸҪ붪ڵϲţҲԼĴ
СԼֳЩĮ
ǼΪŭһҹƽˡܹƭҲѪƱǼٵģȴÿһζĸ˿ڷѪ
ΪƭزЩ벻ܹͨ񵽵ôģ
ƭңʵѾˣҲҪѪС˶٣˵ȷʵЩ˴ӾĴ򣬿Զ֪ԼƭҲɹ˵ǼٻȥҾǵĴʹΣû뵽㾹ȻܽдΪ档
ܹû뵽»¶ڣЩţס֣Ҫȴ޴ӿڣСȲҪ
պˡ
ͻȻĬȥȻһлڡ硱ǰ˲԰
С˵ҹδ飬Ϊ硣ֻΪƭңЩˡһҹҽһΪ뵱˵塣ҶֻƭȷʵĥѾ˼ߣҪ˵ĻЩ棬ЩǼ١һҪ⣬Ͷϲźá֮ȷʵļ⣬Һܺãʱ޿̲Ϊ룬ҵϲҲܲסĶ顣
˵Խܹ࣬Խǻ޴롣㵣ֻ㵣֪ƭ㣬ֻǡֻûа취֪ס㣬ֻϲ㡣ҵǼٵģС㡭
̫ӵ¡СǰŵݵϡҾãϲҲˡ
ܹ͸ȴתͻȥһֱ֧ܹϢطŽױƣʵֻ֪һֱûв𴩰ˣҲ֪ôģżȡϡ
С˵վٲһۣŵȥ
ܹ߬תнԶӰһָоͺûץСҪʧȥˡ
ܹ׷ǰҪס֣ȴ񣬱Ϊסӡ
СŲͣס
С
ߵɣҲ˿ûвᣬ˵߾ˡ
ܹԼӣʵǱ΢ͼЩɷģధصŮ˻Ҫɱ
мЩ鰮ΪһԼʹ飬ʧ̬˵ʮûϢ
ܹͻȻᣬӲϷš
ߣҪˡ
ԭûϢƲϵ˻ҪʮٱûϢ
ǲǲҪˣɤӸƣʯӿס۵ܡֻץӣָڷףһ֣Ҳˡ
Сδῴܹ⸱ӣûа̫Ӹеĸ߰󡣰ڳ˱΢̬˵ǲǡҪˣ
ȻЩȣȴҲûʲôԥػش𣺡ǡ
ϲϣҡ
˵ȥԼӣκܹץúܽʹۿˣǲĵļ֣СһִۣͷĬ
СҪָȻʲôֱϣûʲôȶȣȴƹޱȣָһȻͣˡ
ЩΣ־úЦֻ˵̫ӣôˣ
ܹҲúܶͷûĻȴø                        
лҪ˵ûСҲܻþʵˣʮÿܹȽƫִСɡ
֮ܶǹ̫Ŷỹ68Ҫһѣͷ


 69 

֮ǰ, Сûܹ⸱ģġ
˳ܹ񣬾Щ, ˫ִʡǰۿ, , ʵԽЩϵ
һǰ, Ҫ˵ûһ˿һ, Ǽٵġ
Ҫߡ
ǰϲҲû뿪, ûв𣿡
СƬ, ˵ûУҶ̫ȻҲ̫İһӦò㣬Ҫڲƭӽ¡ľңҲ㡣ҲҪǿˣֵز, 㻹ǹ, ۴ǰʲô, һˡ
ܹнס䣬һ, ־ͬ۵, ۵̡
ҷҪǿأ
ӦҲûʲô취, ܻ᲻ټ㡣СŻ㵭Ȼ޶ģƺҲûʲôᡣ
ܹĬһ˲, ڻǷ֡
ԶԶؿһĻæϹȥҲֻСԶȥıӰ
£ô£СôˣһμܹʧǣǰѩеһΡ
ϲŭɫۺҪĵףһֱܣڰǰ¶ģʧ̬ʵټ
Ҳߡܹ߽ȥֿ
в̣æʣʵ££
̧ܹȥ׷ȴӻ˻ΣȻ˹ȥһԵİȷס
亮ǽþˡ
ܾңңСۿԽԽƬ̺ǽˣ΢΢Ĳš
СȹںһƵĻڱߴĹǽ֮£ΨһһĨɫ
㴺ɫҲҪ뿪ˡ
*
СصʱɫǺܺãʰ¥һͬ澩ǣȴ˵һͨСڷЪϢܾܹ͸СҲ֪ξֻøһˡ
һصӣСٶûü𣬵ͷͿʼ˯
˲ýȵɫ谵Ҫŵʱ䣬ȥСķнѣȴۣجΡ
СʱЩ˯ˣէһûӦŤͷܣŷԼѾڶˣǰȻҲܹ
ôˣ׺̫˵Щʲô
СëˮմʪһһƵţͷ˴£±𷣵ĺӡ
뿪ˡ
Щȣʵôˣ̫Ӷ㲻𣿡
СǰŲŲסί˵ҲϲˡҲϲʹҲϲˣҪƭҡ
Զʺ˵̫ΣҲ˵ûд
ϲҲǳŲȥġһûϲʲôʣˡ
˵ǽƵ£̾Сıοºʰ˵ˣȻ̫ӵƭдҲϲ㣬˶Ľձãܶ˵뿪أ
Сɿ˱̧֣ʵΪ̫𣿡
ʵСţһʱҲ޷˵̫ӺͺõĻ
ʰϲС֪ģһ̫ӣ޷϶һΨС̫һܿġ׿ģֻСԼ֪ʲʺҲж
Сʶ꣬Ҳ˽ӡǸСȴ˭Ҫͣϰúõһ洧ˡ
һ˳̫ѹϲ˵ҪʱʱӦЩııʵ̫ΪҲ˵֮ǰǶӣס̫ӱȺá
̫ϲ㰡áһ뽭ֶסˣ̾Ϣһû˵
Сͷɥ˵Ҳû취ܲʲôҪǰҲѡǸʱҪңֻѡˡ
ݣ
Сͷ˵һкöҪ뾭ԺڰͿҲһáݻδȥĵط˵µݣ羰ҲǼΪÿֻЩֻ￴һδǹɽӺܾʹ˱һˣףƽĸһݡ
˵ˣȻ벻ͨҲֹС롣
֪ǰСǱڽʮ꣬һж棬ʲôҪۿѰŮӣֻһȣһôණ
͡ˣ
ˣʹʹͷԣҲߣԺ˵ɣһõŮӣҲԼĵطҪȥֻùϲˡ
̾Ҳö˵ͿôϺͻʺｻˡ
ҹﺫʰʹСС뷨δ˵ʲôֻԸʲôҪ˳ӦԼĲźá
ȻδȶãڶգﴫС
֮ǰѾ˻ʺ˵Щʲô֪ʺûмֻȽ쵽˶
ֻյʱ䣬̴ӿͱ΢ƭܹĵĻˡ
뿪ã㱻ʺ»
ڵţСˣɫҲƲ϶ãӲ˵ڷ˭Ҳ
˵ܹ񲻿ϼˣСʣҿ𣿡
ߣһı顣Ͳĵ𣿡
Сҭ
ܹ侲ԳֵһˣѲɻѰѹҲˣҪģ
͵յƣ˺öѪ̫ҽŻˡ
СߺܹǷϵòӣ̴ˣڵƣҲ֪˶١ҹ︹ʹ̣Ƚȥľˮ˸ɾŻѪ
ҹȥ̫ҽȻҲ˴ȥ˻ʺǶ
ˣҪ𣿡Сѹϵľţǿװ򶨵ʵ
ҪҪСԼȥʾˡ
㲻˵˭Ҳϼ𣿡Сһ¡ҲǴ㿴̫Ӿͺˣ
ôһ仰δ˵꣬ԡܹϢЩ鸡ӽյķ©
߰ɣ
Сվ⣬ʹţ΢ϣǲů⡣
ܹ뿪ڣȴں
С
š
дĻԹҲûһ˿һŭ
ԭƽͣԿɬЦһ˵һɡ
硱ɤ΢ҪȾˡ
á

е˾þûӦڻ޷׿˵һá֡
˵ǰĶˡ
㲻ˡ                        
лҪ˵һдСʹ˯ٿ


 70 

뿪, СΪԼ뿪ˣ˭֪ʺҪ
֮, ֻȥ԰, ŻʺȲ衣
һС, ɫͺ˴, յһ, ɱʯϵ, С಻ɵһ
һС
ʺбһ, ޲޵£̫λããȻбʲô̫ƣǱĸ, 㵹, һٶð̫, Ϊңָܷ𡣡
Сϴغܻ, ̾ͳǸ˵ʺѵǣŮ̻, Ժٲ̫, ΪͽţԸ뿪ʹ
úýѵСû뵽ôʵϴ, һʱҲ֪ôҸɷϾ̫ԼۣһŮϡ
Ҳû˵ýС뿪ʹԼˣ̫֪Ϊıȡ
̫ѣȴʯĳʺһ뵽ܹѪģеŭʢˣС˳ۣڿࡣ
С㵭Ȼۻʺ˵ʲôԹϴһҲ
һͨѵ޻ϣеû
ȥȰʺ󣬲Сų
˼ĲԶݹǶáֻۣܶôȲԼˣٿǱ̫ӵҪࡣǸʵĴҹ㣬أҲ̫ԻͷŮӣĸûûϲ̨棬ҲǰѼҵ䣬Ͳˡһ˵Ҳûʲôŵ㣬ѹֻʺᣬǸĻġ
ûʺģǾϲġǻʺѽӣҲҪûϰѻʺĽС̫ӣֱͻ飬
ݹЦһתȥһϡ
ȵҹʱ򣬱Ի˵¡
±볼޹أɳ檿ţܾ̫ӵʮֿǽҵС㣬ȻֻǸŮҲǸģκλʺﲻϲӲҪɢǡţΪ£̫ӻŻѪݹڻ߰̾Ϣһѳɾģʺ˵һˡ
ˣԥƬ̣ʵ˻棿
檻ƭ²ɣպö˿Żʺ轪С㣬˶˵ˣ˵Ժ뿪Ҳ̫ӣҲѹúһˡβȫأ
ʺȻ̫ӣ£δҲ̫ˡĬƬ̣˵һٿˣΪǴͻҲǲɡֻϧǵЩ
ݹ䣬üˮͫҲˣС˵檳Ҳ͡ɻ˵òҪѲɶ˵û峼檵ģʵûô롣
˼úúãġ
ҪܹС֮ĸ鲢ѣҴǰ̫ʱฮȥҲ֪ġһ˱÷ˡ
ݹĶԷ紵ûգû϶˴ͻ˼
ֻҪ˻飬ʺҲ޷ٷԶˡ
ǼգܹԲȫȻ£ʲôʱ˼֪
ܶȥݹ˵¡
ɻʾΪִͻ飬Ҳʹֵ˼ɣлʺǱߡ
ϲ˼㸸ôʥּǰ϶ˣ̫ӵ±ȻˣʲʹϷ˼ʲôҪ˵ʺǱߣֲǽȢôϲ¡
ܶЦһ˵˵ʺԼΪβϲ
ݹŭӣһܲϲˣ˵ˣûиɫֻǲϲʺǿ˰ˡ֪ϲұûΪѹô𣿡
ҵˣĸȣȻΪԵΪϣĸҲЩ
֪֪ˡ
*
ŵʱСθƺãӺͣˡ
ʰóģ˵ѧҴȥòãշһ̯Ŀɺóˣ
Сԥ˵ò̫á
ûϵءʰ֪СΪصѧҲܸˣ²˵Щ¡
ȴСȥѵʱ򣬹ˡ
Сխ̰һȥͥйһصˡ
˼Ƴһۣ˵㣬ʾǰ¡
Сȥּ̫ǰ
죬к棬̫ܹ¶ǡ˹꣬ٶ˳к񾭣Ӧͼʷ۴Ͷ
һͨͬըӶǻģʣ˵ЩʲôҲʥּݸûȥӡ
ּĹü˼æӦ̫ϲЩסˡ
˵˳Сѣߴٵּл
СӲؽӹʥּлĻû˵
Ҳ֪̫ϲܼƽЩ˵˼׻ʹ±ˡ
˼סһԲӣ̾˿˵ľѳۣûѡˡ
С߬ʥּдżҧгݵԹŭΪʲô
ʰֹֻļ硣취治Ը⣬ȥһ̫ӣܷջʥּ
ûѡСƺƣ͵͵˵һ䣬תطˡ
űϣ¥˺ʰʵջʥּ𣿡
˼Ƶּûջصʥּʥּ͵˽ǶСļˡ
СҪˣ۽֪ҲẦ˽˼
Խ˼ݣŭҲΣȴҲûӰ죬Ǳٷٺ
СӣԼܵǣ
£Ҳͳ֡
ҹﺮɪɪûϽ紵òײ졣
Сججؿϣû˯
Щ춯˵ĽŲ
Ƭ̺űߵ˼¡
ֱӣ˼·ȥ
˺Ȼˡ
С
ͣ£ǰҲûг
ܹԹ˵֪㻹δ˯ɫұ˼һ󣬻в²ҵ˼ڴͻŵ֪Ϣ
СûĻ
֪Թ²Ϊ㡭ͣһ¡ҡ滰
˵ʲôûеõһֵĻش
ҹ£ڳʲô
ܹ֪һˣ˵ҹǺñӣ̫䣬¯𡣡
С̲סˣõ˵ûС
ˡ
ǰ֨ѽĴҲ˳ֺˡ
СĬվţŲԶȥŸеǰڵҲ
лҪ˵˯


 71 


, Ҳûиͬ¡
˶ãСܳΪ̫, һĪ, Զ˵ճɾ¡
СֻԼҪǿ, ƺܹϾûʲô, ǵ㲻, 񶼳ʧ
ܹҪСɻ, áɴͻּʱ, ȴްϲãֻʣǻ˸ò·λã³ܿĵ
ҲҪô, ܹ֪ܿǻݹڱߥ޻, ˴ͻʥּûк̫˵, Ϊ»˵ȥл
ʺ֪ǻݹֻǲ̫, ϶ʺ顣
ͻһ£˵Ĺϵֽˡ
С˺ü, ֻںʰʱ¶ЩЦ⡣֪Ҳҹ, С뵡ѣƲˣż춼ġ
˼֪ͻСǱ, Ȼľ᲻ѣȴȥܹ񣬿ջشͻּ⡣
ܹЦҲʥּģ
̫ӵµ˼ǡ
ҲԸѾҹʡϦģͬǾɣʽѵһͨĸȥǰһǵøʸӲҲԸջּ⡣
ܹ˵ЩʱɫҲòȥ
Ϊε̾üģ˵С϶ңҲ˵ˡ
˼ҲܹʵڲãС˲죬žвɵӻ𣬽յø
΢ȥˣСú˵ġֻͻһ£ûн֮𣿡뵽С⼸ն޾ɵģ˼Ϊѡ
ܹƺ뵽ʲô˵⼸ڸпкúţθΣ
˼ҡͷԻظСθһֱá
Ȼˡ
˼ܹ˼سĬƬ̣ƺ뵽ʲôȤ£ʶ΢䴽ǡ
ԺҴŷһӵҰϲĳʳд£أóӦ
˼ȵ½СϲĶ𣿡
ܹ͵ֻʱסϲãЩֻһڱˣЩЩֻʱˣ£Ҳûʲô
Щ˼вɵؾܹûʲôˣԷ˳˼Ҳ¡һ̫ӣԴСνϸ΢ν˲
´Сá޵
ãܹЦЦԸҪЩҲͳˡˡ
*
ʰ֪Св죬ŷӶġ
ͻʥּˣܹľѳ۵£˭Ҳı䲻ˣ޷ǿҲ뿴Сѹ
ôҹﻹ߱ӣԺҪıӶڴϣ߲СʰߴȤ߽õҩݸ
˸ûգСΪҹ˯Ⱦ˷纮տԴ磬պ¥ڸУΪ˼ҩ
Сźںɫҩ֭鲻Ըضʵ»ܲܽ¥ЩʲݣҩҲ̫Щ
¥ҩڡ
Ȼҩٺȶ꣬Ҳϰ߲˵ġ
Сȹҩʰ˵ˣ𲻸ˡҴȥ棬һرóԵ⽣ȥˡ
СʰڴȻܸ˵ģҲΪԼӰ쵽Χˣͷá
⻹ǼСһԸţʰЩЩο
ȺʰߺСҪŵʱ򣬲ŷʲôԡ
ûôϸģÿ˶ĿζܺͶŷĲ˷ֺ
ܹˡ
*
󣬾
ҹСɼ䲻ͬǰʹ̣ȴⲻ˯ôůͲǷҲǼһ㣬
ڶհܾС𴲵ʱ򣬲˵ѩˡ
Сһ£üѩ˵Ҫͺȥġ
ܾͷŶؽˣȷ©һ˿磬С˵£ǰһϵһдڿѩȡ£ġ
СֹҪţ᲻鷳
ܾӲЩ
ǾɣȻҺͺ˵ˣͲʧС˷٣ֽ·һһ㡣
˼۵Ĵë񣬽ʵʵع
ܾСԺӣûԶʱʲô˵Сڴ˵ȺƬ̣ȥø¯
С˵ͷԾڴ˴
Ϊ۾ţѩӣʵǺܿϧġһѩ㼫ΪÿװعػһƬҵӡ
Ȼѩȴ̫ձ㻯˸⡣Ǿǵѩÿؼ䣬۳㶼סˡ
Сȹȣܺѩڽŵ׵֨ѽҲûôˡ
ȻﲻܿҹǿԿһѩģʵҲûϵ
ôţеϧ࣬£ѩҪȰܾʱ
һ˽ŲϵĶͣˡ
ŲǴһģҲѩԵʣЩڰܾ
ҹܹѩСӺҹߣһ˽Ҫһٻع
ѩ֦ҶҲѹõʹ
ããһƬУΨĨɫӰΪۣѩǲݺӵĴڡ
ܹС۾ϵŵĳкҲ㰲˲١
ֻǺѩģСȴڴˣǻ˸ô죿
Щ߹ȥʱŵӱŻЩ
СıǼҲ÷죬һȦëΧձϣĵʮֿɰ
ܹûסԴ
С⧲£Ҳǰ˭ֻƬ̺˱ҪСһ£лл硣
ס˽סͬʧһԲ
С֪̾ԼдˣҲӦ˭̾ͱòͣҪԼֳȴֱյøˡ
㡭
Ļ»ؿУֱܹϤ顣Ĵ¶ȣҲ˷ס޷롣
߱ǷȴתΪ˶˵ĴϢѩգԵôȣ̵ľˡ¶ȵ̽룬ִŲݾܾǿƣһǡ
һδžǣѾãܹһδζ˵ʱĸо
ֻѵģʮѡ
Уȴ֮ⷽ¡
Сյر˿ŭҲһʳ˫ֱ޷
ΪܹԼ˺ʰ֣ӦʮҲҲֱضԴ
ֻȻǿƵģȴҲʮģϸĥܡ
ûзŭеģֻЩѲľ
ҲΪۣйٱǿˣ˱ǵҲС԰׵Ϊնͨ죬
ܹڽ鲻ԸǣȴȻ󣬲ɤӣʵ㷽ţǲ
ѩУʲô̵ĶС½
СסӣԺĵһͷǣܹں˵˵Щʲô                        
лҪ˵һ


 72 


С׵ⷢ, ָҲȶȣܹƿĬĬ˲ʪĴꡣ
ܹ, ĵʣ˭
Сڲͷ, ŭĻ, 뺫ʲôֹûУ
ܹı, Ҳ֪Լһǲĺ, ǸΪŭ, תʱķȥ, һ
ܹæСסҪȥģ
Сֳܹ겻ѣѾ̫ˣΪʲôͲܷŹң
ͣ½Ųû׷ȥ
ȵСΪѩвȵʱֲܹ֪ʱ, ȷס
Ҫ, Ҵȥ
С, ûʲô¶ȣˡ
Ҳ˵ܹ˵꣬Щίزһ䡣㵱ǺʰҲԡ
СĶȥ, ѩڷϣֱܹܿǻصԴ, һҲ˵ˡ
ѩֻʣ¶˵ĽŲ, ĬʹոΪŹܹ֡Ǿ佫ɺʰĻֱĪ
Сûйһ˵̫ӵ¾ǿ˺Ȥ𣿡
ǿ, ԼҪޡ
ֹ֣
ǿȵܹһί̬ᣡ
ڶЩӣûһ̶Ĺ𣿡ܹʵ
СͻȻҲԸһúѹ𣿡
˵㿴ֻ˵˾䲻Ҫ㣬ĵҪᡣɵҪȥҲʮѹȴҲûôʱãϣҪĶУպһƬ̹;ϲңȴֻѹ
ܹʹӨʺĴ꣬һĶǱʿķѩд
ǲԸңͻּҲ֪飬ǰҲȥʡֻǴѱᣬϦģϸּ⡣
֪ҲԸ̫ƭҪѪƣҲֵľ档˵׻ܹĴ
ܹʣ֪Ҵƭ㣬ͻһҲת
ҽջ£̫ذɡСܹ˵ֱӿڸϿ͡
ҪȥҺʰ𣿡
ûθɡ
ܹԥ˵˿̻ǻȥҪΪá
СˣҶ˵˲Ҫܡ
ȡֵСܹΰļ򣬴ָϡ
Сһæܿõ㻹Ҫʲô
ھһȼ̣ܹʲôܼŭƫƫӰְʵʵŶ㿪ֻܻӡ
ܹĬĬЩεؿڡҸղ׵ʱЩʧ˷ִ硭
ĴţƽȻкܴͬģһ۾ܿ
Сɫһ¾ͺˣҲ֪Ϊŭգѩжһ½Щˤܹȥһơ
Ҫң
εҲǹġ
ǹģСʲôҲҪǰܣܹȥ´򻬣ֱֱˤѩɾ޺۵ѩرһСӡ
ܹæȥֱСһ¡
һηСʱ򣬻ģ
ë޵ëմѩǼҲͨ죬ȷŭ־öѩͿ۾ϵųУᶼܲñίˡ
ܹŸǸеֹס֪Ҳá
ܾѾԶã֪òȥŶˣһֻСȥͺʰ˵һ
ʰ֪ܹС֪մȥ£Ҫˣûж˵ʲôֻʵ̫۸С𣿡
ܾ뵽СԼˤһӻҪޣȻܹȥһĻش̫ӴСܺá
ʰʹۣ̾˿Ǻðɣ´ٴȥ
*
СᣬܹŻط̾ͽϵϵĶдһ˫ӯӯˮŲŻڡ
Ҳ̫
ܹǿЦݴżֿɬ֪
ۿͨ죺ŹңˣŹҡ
ÿһ仰һ̣Ѫģ
ҪηŹ㣿
СķӣõģҲֻһ
ұ岻ã̫ҽ˵һġ
˵һ룬ܹͷһۿ
ҼͻȻһˣҲؽҵ£ֻԼԲԡ
ܹ˼˵»ƣɿ˫Ŀؿͬǰһ㡣
ʱҪСؽҪ
Ҫػʹβһַʽᡣ
˵أ
Сƽһ
áܹЦüΪڿҪˣɵûܿ޳
ظһ飺áıǣԺҪ˵ˡ                        
лҪ˵ʵĻģ˻еģǱСҲҪУ
520ҲСʹȸģ


 73 

˭ҲûܲµܹС֮Ʊ, ֻܹһƬʹת⡣ϵʱ򣬶ҲദǢ
ⳡѩ, С纮δ, ¥Ҫ, Ҫ͵͵ȥѩ, ʰ¥Ļ, Ҳٴȥ
ƮŵѩС, ҲǺһ㡣ǰս̿ûп, ЩȥܶУԺ˷һͨƢע̿ˡ
ůģС齱ϣ¯Ůо̸û˯֮, ֨ѽһ, ˿˿ƮС², ֱϡ
Ůܹ˷֡, ֻС
Сʵѩͣ𣿡
δȣܹδ˵, ת, ִһ硣
Ϊܹ˺ƣ˵ЩССķ纮Ҳδ, ̫ҲȾˣ
Сշ̣ҿܹı顣
ܹɫ̹Ȼֻǲ޴󰭡
ӦͼҲûж˵
СֱӣԸȥɣҺ̫ӵ»лҪ˵
ܹ磬һԣϸѩݱ㻯ˣȾʪϸѩƺҲУһ˫ˮ
һֻеóһѩɵСӡС־£۾ĵطź춹ʮֿɰ
ѩ׾ĵָԽ죬Ķڻѩˮ
ղ·ϣ˳Ϊһܹ˵ԵģʵϣѩӡֻѩʱڹŮ棬뵽СԷһŽ״˺üѡÿøӶһֱⵣĵˤ飬»
ܹڳ⣬һ·ƽȻССѩ͵Сǰ
Сܹ񶳺ƣ뵽ҲȾ˷纮Щ֪ζС
ӹѩӣҲûô˳ƿѩ׵һŷŵ⡣лл£´λǲҪЩˡ
˵㽫бŵ¯ݸܹ
ûнӣǿһЦݡ㲻ϲ
СָҲ˼ֲҲϲԺĪҪˡʺ֪ΪȾ˷纮ָ֪ҡ
ܹƺװ˪ѩѻĺֱС֮串ƣ⺮ٿɢˡ
Сܹ񳶵ø˵㶼𣿿һ㿴Ҳʪˡ
ĸĻ㲻ҪϣպҲ˵ˡܹСԲԶڷʹ䡣
СѧŮģŪ²ֱžըĻŵһԶ㣬½Լϣ˵ʱ˳˰ܹ
ܹбЩ㷢ȴֱСЦˣԼ·
ὦϡ
С̾ĵֶˣ˵ôˣףﲻкܶҪȥ𣿡
㡣Ļشֻһ䡣
ҲǺҪˡ
СĻҭסҲ֪ôӣֻ˵̫ӣôĶΪڹﴦ£˷ʱʲô
ܹƬ̣ڣ˷ʱ䣬㣬ҲֻԸһ
⻰ȻЩڣǱĥûӣ׶׹ˣҲüƽЩ
㲻£ûԵ𣿡
ܹƽӦûС
СһۣܹЦЦ͵ǹ㣬ûС
еЦҲȥ︡ģϼΪã
ûʲôϲģСĸϼӿܣЩֵĶᱻɥ־ϲ䣬ĸҪʤϲʫĶģұ㲻·硣ҰѧҪġ̫֮λͱеĶ˵Ψһı
СȻۿǰˡ
ܹٻ˵ô໰ǹԼĶ׽͸оֹĮ̰壬ƺ޹صˣǰҲգһۡ
ܹкܶʦҲйĻšǽ̸ܹ;֮ȴδ̹顣СߵһҲǰźõġɱԼʦĻţҲˣӻֱӵԼȾѪ
ЩʲôֱϲСŻڳǰ۵ϰߡ
㣬Ҳ֪ԼҪʲô
ΪʲôҪ̫ӣԹЩľðհҵƽϢսأδЩ𣿡
ܹռŵͬԭ䴽һЦұôˡϲľҲ
ôأһ£˱˱ȣҲԼĿĲСб˱̫֮λģ룬ûб¿𣿡СɻˣֱӹܹߣĿһضƺǸˡ
Ҳ㱻ȡֻǣֻǲ֪ԼʲôҲ֪ЩԼʲô¿С֮ǰ·ʮ㱻ˡʶûйģΪ谮ĸֻͻݹĹߣĸǱߵĸҲҪϻλ˵ʲôǡ
Ȩԣֻһֱܰˡ
ܹ˵Щûʲô˵һ²ؼ¡
СԼаõӵݸܹ񣬺ģ㳢һ¡
ܹûȥӣֺһšӽڿУֱӺ̶ůµĸо
СС˵Ժû˻ʲôǧҪˡҾͲȰȥˣҪԺ£ֻҪˣһԡҲûϲð滹ϲʫأû˻˵ɥ־ûȤĶܶ࣬㿪ĵİɡ
˵ܹ꣬Դ棬ЩҲҿڣ
С̧ܹȴӯӯЦ⡣ٴ˿̣ҵȷǿġ
ֻһ··ҲȤ
¯յůڵġ
ܹڹ˼գҲ֪ʱ˯˹ȥϸż̺ﰲģûʲô
ʱɼСҪȥƴһȽ뻳УſһĴ䱻žһˡ
ѽСţŤҪȥ
ܹЩãȴѹ³ŭ۾ܿѩ
СҲһܿһ۲Ϲģˤʲô
ܹ֪ԼղǼЩֻǵ㣬ղЩļ
Сֱۼ˵ֻǿһС죬ѩûͣġ
ͣ𣿡
СЦвǡûͣӿԶˡ
ܹţڴǷЦ
Ҳá
ʱѩ磬ȴϣѩܶЩʱˡ                        
лҪ˵Сౣ
ܹ񣺡ౣ


 74 

ѩʱ, ϵİ׻δɢ, ˵̽֡СҲ̫, ڶ괺, , ֦ͷʱ, ҲҪ޸ܹҪѧϰ, ȻҲοŵڳĴҹ, СȴǰЩӻڳٵгֹ
̫۾ŮѧȻҲ˳ǰϳݲ´˵Υ׳£ȻҲԴоڸ, ƽնԴ²ͬĽ˼, ҲΪŮѧڳС˵
ССǸû˹ĵĹ, ҲרȻҲ֪β, ȴδϸҪУʹɭϵĵط, ĹҪѧ, Ǳ
ʺҲԼĶϱݹĶϱȥֽúùܹܽ񱾾ûҪѧϰЩ˼, ԴˣǳݲչĴ
ʰС֮䣬ȻйЩ㺣˴˶ÿˣһҲŶԷúáʰ¥ǾвסˣС̵ܽʱ򣬶һࡣ
ڽֵʰȻУС̫׽ӣΪʧ
С˵ѧϰһŮˣʰ˱˼磬ְ̱ѵ⡣
ҲҪעִ磬СҪ̫ˣǶ£öñӣ˽»֮١֮ҲЩѵûˡ
ʰ˵ɫЩѿδСŭڣ죡˵̫Ҳˣ
ˣϲ¶һĨȰСԣ̫ɲСūǻʺˣҵġ
ȻԳū澣͸ū澵ӣҲ뿴㣬ȥ
һ㶣ɫҲסˡ㡭

ʰδСôŭ𣬿ҶԷǻʺˣæΪһ˵ʺ㲻ϲպ˾ǡ
С˳ϵ磬ϻǲˣ˵˵˺ܶĻұŮ룬ĸҪϰֶЩҶӦҲ˵㲻á
˵ãΨ˵磬˭ԣܹ˵˰䣬Ҳᷭ
ʰЦ˵ȥ￾𡣡
á
԰գ˱㽫Ժﲻˡ
˻ʺĻĥСģɣٲһ㡣֪գС̲ס˻ôҲǻʺˣǶԷպҪ̫ҲҪ棬Ҫȥ˵ʺ
Сƽﲻϲ˵̣ܹؾЩ֣Сʺִһ̣вҲûڡͻȻҪعܹ֪̾ˣʡ
ֽСͺʰͼӴ˵˳ܹȻȫţзӿɬѹѹסֱܹ£ȥճʺ󱨸Сѧϰ£ȴܹԸСǰ죬СԺӶûȥٺܹҸͷˡ
ܹΪԼдŹȥ˽ģûʺٲ֡еҲϰΪһĽ˼ٹˣٲȻѽ̫ӵһй
ʰС̹֮ȻҲӲܻʲôܹУȻǴ׵òУְֲ˵˳ˣݵһϲԼδ޵ˣǰƣοǼΪС۵ܹ˸С־飬ԺʰҪʰ˵ʲôĻСʰˣСҪѹ
ʰ¥ߺСбֻʣܹܾԼеĿһֱԼת㿴ԹǱһԵĳ
Сߵ߶£գգۣʵΪң
ܹ̾һ¡
㲻ϲ硣
ܹ֪ʣؽӵֻϲ㡣
СЦǸֺüûʺҲδң𣿡
˵ܹӣش𣺡˵㲻ѧûܱ㣬Ϊ㵲ȥƫšպϲͺ˵Ҫǿš
˵ƲͷȥС˱ˮݹȥܹ󣬲˵żĵøˣ㲻û¡м˵
ʲô
۫ˡܹϣȿı飬ż˵ȥӺ룬ھ˳Ц󽪷۫һ겻¥ƹݣǰջѩ̣Ӧ˾ƣ²ˤҲûѩ˯˹ȥ˴ϡϳʬ͵˳̸
۫³Сһ̵ȻȻֻͬᶳڴϣЩˡ
ǽܽأȥˣ۫ ֪ܽ䡣
Һͳ̼оɳ񽪼³Ȼٲܹƶʹģҡοǰգһ¡
˽֪͡޸飬ʹܽðٻ⣬ԭ֪ñӡ
һ˫ŮãʣһĶӣ˭֪Һ˵ĺӡ
һźҴźԶߣ֪ȥ׷ɱҲܵûӰˣѪԲڴ޷ϳ
Сⶼ²ؼˣЩϢҲϷƵģ˵Ϻ޲޵ģżǻý
ܽص˽̺ڽ֪ߣϲҿΪȥܹ˵꣬Сȥɫòˡ
СҡҡͷˣһҪΪ飬ҲϲҶ
䣬ܹʲôɫһݡ
漸գС˵̫ȥ̫ҽϺõĲƷ
ԼѯʣܹŽʱӲãĸŮҪТꡣ
Т꣬ȻǲܳɻġСӣȵ꣬ɳȥ棬ʱ䣬ŮӣȻ˾Ͳٻ
ˣҲҪý֪ţȵСóײ׼
֪ܹôģСЩЦҲƽЩ
ûգܶĻڱҪˣطҲӰͿϵ˾ǡ                        
лҪ˵һдУ治ϵ

 75 

ط, СͽΪˡʰΪȥξ£һͽ˴˸ͱѵ⡣
ܹԶ, ط򸾶ȻҲ޲, ܾС֮⡣
ܹҲ֪С뿪ǵһ, һֱǱ, ԶҲǼΪǫ
򸾶˰ݼϺ, ص, ҪȽܶߡ
ڴ֮ǰ, ܶҽŴȥ棬ǽҹض࣬ԼĸˣҲ¸֪ӡֻѹټֻҪδ, Ӧ, ˽˵ȥҲܹΪ̫ҲҪ˼, ûǰǰ㣬Źİѽйˡ
Ȼֲܶⷢ, ֲӰɻȥ
⼸նȥˣܲȥС
ܹ˸, ĵΪβܣ
ܶ⾪ɣڽô󶯾, ֪ˣ϶Ҫģ
֪ˡܹбһۡƽպֹˣǽˣ
ǽܶĿصܹ, 𾪡
Ҳ벻ܹΪСǽȷǷīһˣȻҲó£
ܹƮƮ̾ϢһǸ̾ұȼգ̲סˡ
ܶ⣺´δһ𡣡
С֪ܹǷǽˮʱǺˣȻٲ𾪡
κҲϰˣֻûñ˽ȥԺܶŵ£ܹ˵Ϊ̫ӣǲҪˣҺһҿܻ
ܹȻƶЩȻᲢۣ㶪ġ
˵һֱ飬ܹǽҲûýײ
ϲǺÿǰһСһ˵ŮҲΧſ¥Ϊҽߣ˵ЩǵùҼҵ첻ѡҹｭ˺˵ҹҹȥСȻû˯š
СֻһյƵҾĵġ˱Сգ˵ŻǰСԼŮ㡣
ô˯أ
СīɢţҹͬһյСƣӳҡҷ˽ˣ̲ס˵ﻰĸкö벻ͨ
ĶȰο¾벻ͨģ֪ԼЩǣҪͨΪԼҿó̫ϲ㣬أϲ̫𣿡
ϲܹ
СЩ㱡
һǰĵ˵ϲʣԼҲҪԥˡ
ܹܺãϸް㲻̲˶ද˼οӶҪסҲӲЩֵ뷨˵䲻á
ûһ˿һ
ʵеġ
ȴ̲סҪƼʱͷȻӿĻϲ
һգҪ뿪ǵġ
̫ͷ̫أ𡣻ʹĹغͶթҲѧӦ֮
֪עݣпʼıҪ𣿴Ϊ˴ʹࡣӲģҲͲᡣ
Сͷ񵽱ƵС˵еϲ
Цˣʣôأ
ĸҲ𣿡
Ĳ̫Щ˽ÿһǣ˵˵ɣʲô
Сüһ˵ĸһϲĶһձ붪ɶʱضΪģһȥ𣿡
⡣ûж˼ôشС֪ԼѵھͲ𣿡
С˵ƿԣãſĿİͰ͵⡭⡭ⲻһ
ֵǺã˵һ֪èպȥ㶨Ȼʹ˲è𣿡
лɲ֪ξСõشбǻȻʣڻ谵·Ͼͷ޴֮ʣһָ⡣
ллĸСˣ
׾ͺã˯ɡ
սޣʮﳤֵĺӭ׵ĳ˾һȦĴϲǡ
Ϊ֣һ㿪ʼæĴź
СҲҺ찵ƵļаӻȦ˲ëǿɰϲˡ
ܹĲȻ̫ӣվǰ΢΢һЦЩҪɶʫŮˡ
Сǵһο˳ɻ飬ʮʡڳԼܹ񷴶ڡ
ȺУһƵɫۣڶɫкۡݳڣ˶·˱Ψһۿ
СԶԶӣܹ񿴵С㴩ȺһֱߵǰЦ硣ԭҺҡ
΢£͸ϸĹ⡣
Сƺ©һ¡
*
ܶɻ飬ڶ࣬ҲȫǹٻңھӪнʶˣϯϵ˶ˣƱһֽ
ܹǸΪ͵Ц滢ڶ೯ᣬҲûм˸ȥȾƣܶͷˡ˼ɵСϲƣܹǼƴ˹ȥ
ϲ絽ϣرиЩܽʱģܶ˳ɻ飬ҪԿһۣΪȥǵһŮʶҲ٣׾ٱȥˡ
СŮһϯ֮ǰЩ۴С㣬֪˻飬׷ǰаͽᡣСϰôԼ˵໰Ҳ֪Ӧ𣬷Щ޴롣
ܹϵ龰ܿðܾȥ
Сȥ˵仰Ͱܾ䣬ͳԺȥˡ뵽·ϻܽҲѰƽԺӡ
Сǰһ
ܽеۿСô
СɨܣЩЦƽȢޣƺδ׼£
ֱܽͦûа飬ҲԼСǰ¶΢ģ
ܹ˺˵յúĵģ˴˶ûʲôɫԷ
¿ɲ㣬ɻ¡ҼǵòСҲǱӺС˵棬㼤ýܽϢ˳
С˵ˣҽյȷµġܽ˺ݣΪҧгݣСλεĳޡҲùȴʵڲƽҽδ㣬ԼʶôҳԲѷǽȥˣܽ˵꣬ʼ߬¶˺⣬ѸٳСȥ
ܽװȥתȥˣһֻƾذס
ŮȻ󣬿͵һ̣ĵҲǻƤ⣬ƻ̼ǣѪȾ˴ƬۡСȹ϶ѪܹסУɫ䵽ˣȽܽӦб㱻ת͵شС
ֶܹŽûһ磬ƤǺ޸о㡣
ܽ۵Բ۾вʡڵش˼ǰҲֻͽͰˡϵѪѿһ۲ٶϢʧˡ΢£ʬʮˡ
ܹһֻõֿסСԣƵķһ̾á
лҪ˵д˯ٸ
ѵģᣬԿˣ
硷
˺ݻɧ·Ұſɡ
˶֪ԭZ粻η
¹칦磬Ļðա
¹Уðգͨ¼һѴ绰硣
ɲɣһϵԭZ
ȰðɣխZǸƢһ¡
绰Ȼͨ򿪡
¹ϣ硣
绰ͷ˻ᣬΪԭZҪʱ
Եͳϳˡ

¹ٰѵ绰ҵӵĿ⣬ƽΡ
дAѧX˹ɧ
-񣬽ҳ㡣
*ûΡҾ뵥ĸ̸ѧϰ־¡
*У԰

 76 

ϲ֮ճ, Ȼǲģ˭ԸִܹܽԸʬ, ѹȥ, ϵıͲδ, ֪ܶ½, Ҳûи
ܹһСǰɱ, һֵѪûȥ
Щδ, Ҳڱŵˡ
ܽʼǸ, Ҫȥġʧȥĸ׵ıӣ׵۰־òȾϰٻעҪӲдĻšСҲ޸ܶĽ
ǾǵһŮ̫ѡ˵Ĵϲ֮, ܹ
Сͬһ뺦Լ, οԽҲǺͻȻ, ﻹЩҵġܹ˿ڣظ
ƽͽòԶʱߵ, Сʱ䣬ֵϿյûʲô, Ҳڡ
ܹںˮҹɫлš
Сó, ûôԵܹ˵дȮͣԶȮԽԽ, ܿͿܽҰСŵòӶˣæܹ㣬Ҳҳ
ԴӼ౻ʳĳСҲйԼǰܹ֪£ֱ۽§£ҰӰԶˣŵ˵ûˡ
˵ˣȴٳûнСſ
ЩʱյദܹѾûţСЩ¡С̬ƺ࣬Ҫ뿪뷨ȴδԼҲҲ£Сжٵķ
纫ʰʮ֮һķ
ܶɻʱҲСĻ£ϼµĶģ
ɫʵʺ
ǰżɫĶԶԶȥҰܶеĻ棬򣬽ƲĿ⡣
ʲôôĲɵģܹ
Сѵûнƿ½ָ˽شĻ⼸ĸ˵˺ܶ໰ֳ󣬿ûʲôˣ᲻˾ú֣
ͽ뿪ʱ常οĸˮᣬݵֵܽҲˡֱգ뵽ԼҲܹɻ¡
ΪܹţԻὫһ׼׵ɽգϵĽãܽҲˡ
Щʧ䣬Щĵġ
ܹüԥһ£̽ȥǣСָ֡΢ȴûбָܹܿǶƣñ˴ʮָۡ
ȣЩأڽֳһ㡣
еģСҲУΣԶˡɤˮϣڻ
˲ţϹŵĵ΢ڵϳ˲ԵӰ
ҹ·䣬ܹһ·صҪֿٶԻصׯϼĻʹ
СվڽſڣǱʲô³оؿڴۡ
ܹûʲô֣Щ
ܹվڽĺţĿ£ָԹִعٳٲɿ
Ĳ𣿡
СѾƿţԼָ˻ҲƮƮĴߣһȴʲôûץס
ͻȻһɾ޴ʧͻ֣̿ʶͺС
Сתɻôˣ
ֻת˸ôٻͷܹһֻ޴ı顣
ܹǰסſֺãҲˣòãڽ㡣
СüֻĪãֲ޴ȥΪҪڽֳ֪޹⡣
֤ᡣܹյߣģë࣬ϢִЩ⡣
Сӣ֮һ졣С
һΣպԸܹü续ҹɫպСӣɽеľȡ
Сԥһ£ʵʲô𣿡
ʲôԡܹ֪СʲôˣԸҲᱻҪʲô£ȻӦ䡣
С̧ۿҹ͸顣
ƺھҪҪӦƬ̺ǵ˵ͷҵ˵˯
˯϶ԡ
ܹЦֽס˵ȻԺӣŮҴӺ롣
Сô֣̲ס˵⻰ţǸͽӡ
˵ܹ꣬Ļ£Ŀڵԣ㱾Ǹͽӡ
ܹ񲢲ҲֻЦһӦˡ
*
Žɻ飬˶æգҹҲЪ磬ΪСϴˮ߻ȥ˯ˡ
Сһ춯תʱܹѾվǰˡ
Ҳǰܹǽ֪һųȵҲϰ䡣
ܶѧܹһᣬΨǧ
СغŴůģҲһ㱻ӡ
źʰڶˣСҲ¡ܹҲȻĺ
úСڷƺ˯òȡ
ܹûʲô⣬ҲδۣĶһ
ҹžϸ΢ġܱޱ
ܹ̲סߵСĴ齱ߺ󣬸ͷɢ伸鷢ƺһ㱡
ôˣǣΪҴҴǡ
СڰΰѣòȴΪʹ޷˯ֻʾõèͷ˲ܹġ
ֱܹһͷһͿﲻ
Сӷ£ҲΪǰܹˣʵʵĻش
ۡ
С˵ߴ΢ᣬֻСèƵġ
ܹˣ㿪ʼϯûóԵĶһʱҲûʣճʲô
Сûҳԡӣһۡ
ܹһһ䣬Ҳ˴룬ʼԼΪθʹϴСʵڲ٣Ҫϸ룬ҳɣҲþˣߺعﹰ
ܹǿŲ߳Щ̡գʵӻůȣ
š
˼ѣ˿ɢŴ£Сģ˵˯ţΪ㽲Щ̸
СϲЩ˲˾񾢶æȦڳλģʾ
ܹһЦ££½ϸؿʼ˵Щ̸С棬ܹ󣬲ע⵽ǽԼıӷֳȥһ㣬δȥֳ
ܹͷ
Сӱͳֱָۣ齣ԼУŮܲס
ܹЦһȥӱ˹ϼСýζȴ۵˶Ҳýȥˡ
ܹǰлңʵȥд򣿡
СǿۣУһҪһ̡۱ȲɼʱͬǷ챻嵶ӵۣʲôС˺ҲǼܡ
ܹԥ˰Σıƿһ죬˽ȥ
СǱһҪҹ¾ˣܽгܹδиදֻǽȵСϵλãؾزҶ
΢ỺΪʱС߬־ǣҧгݵ˵ʲô
ܹȷʵûʲôҲ̹ȻкЩ𣿡
СĬŲӦ
ǺЩˣ˵ˡ
ܹδ£Ϊӵǰ鷿֥һСʵҲûںߺˣ룬СèĹ֮ͨȷʵ١
պҲҪɻ飬ο㲻ֻôࡣҲ֪ûµġܹ˵ıºһףСĺܹأҲûٿˡ
ҹƽȣ˯ֱܹ۴½ˣȴ뻳
ӣСһţˡ
ܹδ˯㰲ȣ㣬ǽмʱãҲ㹻ϸζˡ
*
ڶգɫܹѹĿ浾͵ĲֻƵ˽īϣǳֱѹסĳСĳ
Сһûѣﹰ£ͷ˯
ܹЦƱʱĿⴥسĵһϣмīŰɫ
ͣסϸһŷīŵĺڣǺ죡
ɫŲīţ
һͷԺܹ˶סˣͷ˯СȻЩȻٿǼɫֹסķȣŶͷ齱δ
ףСҹĸʹΪˡ                        
лҪ˵ԼۣҲǰиιȥˣۻʹĹ


 77 

Сڱ, ֻ¶Դͷ˿ɢڱ, һƥɫĳС
ʲôܹò֪, Сȴ׾ٵ
Ĭؿһ, һƮƮ̾Ϣ
ñմȾ, ۲˿, ȻĲ֪μˡ
Сǳ, ܹѾСڴ, ʲô졣ȴĲʸˣ˯ۻδȻһĶ֮һ
Żΰѵ̾͵ɴˣ̻𷢳, ˶ɵˡ
ܹȥ, ҲͬΡ
㡭Сָ, ָָܹ°ڡ
մЩѪԶͬѩ׵ŵĺ÷
ܹòѹµ, ֱȼϸɫһֱӵ˶⡣ȡҲ֪ǽա
СɫǺ, ɴһ˫ָۡε, 춼߬塣
˵ܹ֪Լ֪ΪҩԵʣ´û׼, һΣһҲϡ档֪֪ǽգ
ƫƫǽգ
Сҧյ˱ѣȥ
ûˣ¾ͰˣֶŪӵϡ
ˣ
գ˵һӣܹ־ЩЦߵ齱ߣʵ𣿡
һҲû˵
εس˳ӣһЩԼƻˡ
ֻһ˾ѹøˡ
ܹ֪С˿̱ض߳ŭŬˣ̲סЦ
һЦСͽƿˡ
ʷ곿΢ЩҲܸؿϵĺ죬ǱϺӡ
Сķ˿ɢڼձߣڵؿ͵һѣһ䣬±Ůֻѹ߷ߵ˭˯Աߵģ㲻ʵö˶˵ôᡭôණմϣ
ܹһ͵ˣûע⵽ҹ˯ʵ
˵Լ㻳ꣿСŭˣ߬ȭȥͬһ㣬˼ĴΡ
ܹ׽ס΢΢һüӼ˹ȻҧˣԭС߳ŭʱҲ᲻
һƽɵģƢģƫǰ˼񣬶ʻ
СҪ˵ʲôɫͻȻͱˣüͷҲ֮ڵرܿ
ۣܹ̽Եһ䣬̻ҧгݵģҪˡ
δڣȻļһĶ
СҲ˽Ųһֱߵ˷ǰʹ˼֡
űߵ£˿ˣ峿
Сл㡣
ĸ
СɴۿܹҲ졣
ʱСȷʵЩ
˸ͣ
ܹԴʾõģﴩãߵڼ
˻СŮ˵Ż
Сķô˨ˣ
طˣСƽﲻϲҹҲǲ˨ŵģҹ˰ɡ
˲δɣֻ·šС뵽µѪּŻ˼ȥš
˼ˣĿݲӹͿѩ׵մȾĵɫ
Ҳ֪С²ȣÿ˶ٲĥҹģ
СӦˡ
㣬Ůȥϴ˱ǡҪţԼ£˿ȥԼڣ˳Цˡº֣ͣ£ߡĪվڷڣȥɣôҲҪ㡣
Сﻹиܹ񣬻ڣӲؾҪ̱˽סȣ⺢ӣһȣȰ´ϡ
С
üôĹˣܲ⻹ҪĸţŮأ
ܾϴˮñ˿֡ǸŮȥ´Сȥϡ
С
վæ˵ˣһĸ˵Ҫ°ɡ
֪գܹ˵ӦһٸԸҲϲɿڸޣԼĽš
šüɫΪβأȥ£Ҳ˵£ӱԼȥˡ
ȷʵҲܲ˵̫ӵ¾ɡ
С֪ûˣӹܾ´ʱջƵģָⶼ͸ˣ΢΢Ų
ֵܾؿһۣʣū澰С𣿡
áԼ̫Ѩλöʹˡ
ԼۣҴҳȥǿҪ
ЦԽƤԽˡ
Сû𻰣´ܹϣ˽࣬ε֪
ǶıԶʤ˵ĳ侲ҲȻǸδµӣһС᲻֪롣ֳôҲ벻ġ
ܹΪѵؿһۣ͵Ҳ
žתʵʵվš
Сֻô˿Դһ¶ҪըˣĶֱǸֵĻ̿
ܹתûûƤ¡
ҲֻǶӲػ·ѣ߷Ѿռǣϵ´ֶڶ˻ûãܹ΢΢ĿϣЦסˣתͷΪϵôӡ
ͬʱҲ˵׵¡
ҹг£̫ӵһҲ֪ǽҵĴҹûˣ˵ҹ־壬ҹˣߵ˵ҹȥ˷Է㣬שѪɲҵ㣬̫ӵ³ȥģ
ָܹǺÿձִʱ˵ķ¡˫֣ϸϸΪ⿪ϵķ˿
˵Ļֻһ̧ۣɫ޶ٱ仯
С֪ĸʵ˵ˡܽذףҪ
ǽܽҪ֣ܹŶɱ
˼ȴ΢üЩ΢ŹȻܾţλ򵥣պָмأ࣬պãܰġ
СοԼѡģĸģҲҺܺá
˾ǰҲǻڣֻϣĸܿЩ⣬Ҫܹˡ
Լѡء常ҲҲ˵ˣǲԸڹġʰ˼ǲǲ֪ǶˡһպǿվẦԼϲ£常Ҳ㰲ģǰԧĶˡ˵ţҲǸΣûС˵Ϊ˵ѹˡ
ҲѹֻǱܹţһʱ˸ô𻰡
Ǿԧܹɫνǲ˼㣬Ǳϻ˲㺮˪
СƳһۣ˼һŻصĸˣΣԹκˣ̫ȷʵЩԨԴ޸Ǳȡڰԧ죬˻ʵˡ
ңϲĶʱ䵽ȴҪʱضѹҪҪʱõⶫϸ룬žί㡣һ̾С;Ҫ˵ʲô˵ĻˡϲʰЩʱҲ˵ʲôֻԸܲźֻ̫ӳɻ󣬶Ҫ̫֮ǣøɸɾ
СһͷˮҲµôҲû뵽Լһܱģܹڴ˴ȫȻȥʵûˡ
ڴʱ㿪ڣ޷˵Ҫ˽ͣȻϸϸܵ΢
ܹŭЦյߣѹüͣд˼ҧгݡң                        
лҪ˵Ȼѡԭ

 78 


ʮ, ͷһε¡
˸һ磬˵Сͺʰ, ܹһ, ֱһ, ˻
úܽ, ܸܵ˴ϵϢ
ܹī, ķ˿ɨ̵, գգ, úˡ
Сû𣿡
˼ûһ䣬Сܹ·ߡ
ˣ
˵˵ȥ, ҲƲС¡
ĩΪϧ̾һ, ˵ҲҪѹ, 常ô˵ҲǶһУ̫, ֮գųҲϲСؽ, ҲҪȥ, Ȫµ֪ԼΨһŮ̫ضҲΪˡ
ллĸڻ, һϣһдӼ򣬲Ҫʲôųȥˡܹ̫λ̫ãպҲҪ뿪ġĸóЩ챦ޣǾ͵˻ʹ
˵ЩСֻ֣ապɣҲò֮ˡ
˿ţ뿪ˣСŻ˿תԹܹϡ
һ£͵ĸ˼
ܹۣ˹ظƽ壬Щĥˡ˵˼һŲܣֻ֪ġǷҹ٣Ȳϴ̨ӻ
˵⻰֮ǰЩίġ
СĬţû𻰣ίˡ
ʰãʱҪţ
Сҡҡͷܹ͵һ˵ʵҴǰϲ٣ֻǽǴĳȰˣұɢġϲ٣Ϊܿ㡣ÿ㶼ǴһҿƬҲϲ
һӣûȥǴȣҲԸ⿴Լ飬ƽѹ
ɺͲˣҿӻÿģɿٵʱ򣬾ֻﲻܡǱȲϣֻǲһ
ĻûʲôֻƽˡܹȴԸԹޣҲҲã⡣Щƺǣı鶼мֳ
ͺʰһǺ޿ɱ֮
֪ˡܹӱס࣬ɤţ¶һ˿С֪Բ𡣡
*
ؽųɻ飬ҪŽ˼£Ϳ񶼽˽ֹǱʱھУȹ꣬СҲ̫ӳɻٻذͿ
֪óףܽһشŽϷҲˣҪ׷ͺڷˡ
ܽʬ͵գ֪ŻһѪ֮һ𣬽ܽɥ½ĸһֲٰ졣
ߵĽۣҲΪ»ص˾ǡ
̶һգΰ׵
˶Ϊ۷׷ףͬСҲ˸ֲǵĳƺΪҵĲҶһֵ£ֳĮ飬һ֪ҵˣƲϵͶҡ
ЩСΪ⣬ܽϣСȥ㣬ҲûƼ֪
ټĽȥž壬ײ紵ҡڣεĹ»ꡣ
ֻʣû°顣
߹еʱԶԶ˽ۡ
յҲ緢꣬ӹĳ֣ؽŮĻȴɫȻӰ
ҲС΢΢һȴֺܿʹţûٿ
˶ûʲô˵ģԼĸǰ˵һҲաûʸ˵ֻġС⣬ڽ޴Сķʽò˼
Դ֪˽۵˼Сÿ뵽ǻʡĿݵӺѸپƲۣӿ첽뿪ˡ
ֹ˼գ䣬Ҹð
Ϧͷһ죬Сȥ榵ķǰ㡣
ΪͷĻĲֳ֪ȴ෴
˸ɨǰҲ˼ƷδϨǰ˴վڱǰӰһñѹ
֪ûת̾Ϣһ󣬲ŵС˰
ˡ
Ӳһ£üεòҸˡ 
Դȥ´纮֮СɤӱҩˣԺбûˡס
˵ʲôСԸмֲͷ
֪ԥһ£ƺ˵ڡ磬ܲڼһΡ
Īмֳ⡣
֣Ҵǰڸʮ꣬ײҵϦ磬ǴûҡǲԼﲻãǵ㲻ϲŬĶϰ֣鷳֪˻᲻ϲþȫҲϿһۡû˽ܽ뵽ԭҲŮһ󡣡
֪ɫ԰ףȻؿûе󡭡
ҪˡСĿƵ榵ĹϣԲԲ̷ˣҲԲԼĶŮģ֪ڸġ֣еĺӾȽܽңޡȻҪˣֺαҪװһȲѵģ˵Щҡ
֪ûС˵ֻһʱҲҲסɫʮѿ
ǸĲ˵ģҵĹѪ̫ӳ˶ԴףΪТ
òᣬָСֶͣء
Ҫǰ˵ֻ˶ˣֺαĶأСúǺʵſɰֽ˵ĻȴϬ˿档
ܾü΢ҲЩȡ
һʼСģ˵ʱЦڡ
Ȼ̫ӴˣƢҲ
ɽ亮˵ҲƫƧǰĲҶϸ˲˪
ѽߣСŹ¸㡣
Ҳ֪˭ѡĵطʵƫù֣ⱮҲ̫ɣةฮֱءûжֻ֣ݲݿˡ֮Ĺ
ֱּ࣬榵һ
ĸףֻһ˵ҲͶ̥ˡ㣬һҪۣ޸һܺõˣͺĹһӣˡԺҪŮҲһ㣬
ʱ򣬰ܾСһ¡Űܾĸ첲˾䣺ܾĸʲôģ
ܾ룬˵ʱ㲡ţòҲǲϡǵܻᳪ裬ʱ˯
Ҳܺˡ
ЩԻ롣䣬Ҳҳ榵Ц
ϦգĻɽ»ȥˡ
ŴŮȥһˣɻ飬ȥǷ޶˾ٰüࡣ
Сûʲô£ǰպʰȰʱ򣬽͵ƽó԰ڣţСȥɽΪƽúܣҼӣ˶ûء
ץסġֿʼ˲ξ²
ǡѰܹ䣬ƺʲôõĻ䣬񶼴˼Թ
һգ˵쬵ģСʼװֱ뿪ʱ̲סʣôһ
Сɽµʯ̫ˣ
ô˵ܹҲǿȴʧúܡ
СʮַܣҲۣûбûС
뵽ʰϵƽЩġ
*
СΪƽǽҹȥ治һλɽµĳס
Ϧһջѩ캮ض·ʪУʯ׸ˡ¯ߣѬû˯ͻȻߵ졣
ܾΪʣСԼȥˡ
֨ѽһ쬵ķ糯һ˯ûˡ
ܹ㵲סĺ磬ѸٽŹˡ
ĿºÿͬѩüۣСչ¶ЦաһЦѩڴˮ繡
ܹ緢ϵѩͳһСõСϡ
ָþˣָڶˣҲûж
ɽµƽ
СȻۿȥ˻ɽ£
ϵѩˣߵļƷ˿Ⱦʪ
͸ˡ
Щһ㣬էһůҲ뵳һˮɽ֣һͿ                        
лҪ˵ܹʵڲңҾֻԼһˡ

 79 

ɽµʯж೤, Сġ߱ЪϢɽһʱ, Ҫǰܾ, ҪֽŲõȥ
ѩ, ·ʪ, Ҫӽ, Բˤ, ͿֹסĹɽ, ٲ˽ǡ
СĿֱܹĲϣ뿪ڣͷȴǿʲôѡ
ܹסˣķЦôɵˣ
Сۿ΢΢, Щɬˡ
Ҳ, Ͷ, һҪ뿪Щʲôأ
Ҳ𣿡
ƽ, ңβ㣿ܹ̹Ȼ, ˿ʲô⡣
Сͷ, ܹ֣ƽġֽССһɰӡǺ쵽ôۡûп, ֻһһ˵ţƽ˳죬ǡ
ܹƺҲúЦüƽĵĮȶɨȥˣֻʣһʵЦ⡣ұллСԲԸˡ
㲻𣿡
ܹҪȥ֣뵽ԼƱ㳶ǳ¯ߣܾ֪²ףҲˡ
ɽϵѩﻹҪ᲻䡣ձ㿪ʼѩˣܹȴضɽϻɽʱˤĴ
䣬ɽϾҲʵҲûʲô£ѩصĵطˣһҹδ˯Ĵѩɽϲɽ¸ϡ䲻˵ɽ·УʹΪСģˤʱŤ
ǸʱԺðĵһͷǣСû
С֪˵¯´βҪˡ
Ϊʲô
Сüë΢šֵá
ܹЦƬָ̣ͨѾ¯ȣ·Ҳðůжġ
ֵá˵㣬ҲΪκһЩ¡ΪҶõ·ɴ֣·Ͳˡôұáֻ㣬ԼҪκ˶޹ء
˿ڵİ⡣ϲ£ҲǵһΡҲⷽ棬ұҪٶЩʹѹˡҲᾡԼܣ㻤㣬֮֮
һתߣȥ𣿡
ܹĻһСӣһµϣӲ飬¶Ĳ֡
ۿ˳۽޲˲˵ҲԸպңðһҲˡ
ֻһʱĻ䣬ҲŬץҲպΣǰ
ƽ޲̶СˮΨһ㡣
Ψܷˮһȥ̶ֳˮ
ܹ˲ˮڹԵø͸ʯһ㡣ѩĺⶼɢģֻůڵ
СĻһ˲Ȼܿ¶һȻЦ֪ˡ
ϦҹҲ硣
Ϊһ̫ӣܹȻȱϯ
ȥֺܹܿϻ˹ҲһСļ磬ܶ뽭»飬ҲܴԼȥǽ˺ͽھǣܹҲ᲻Сһͬȥ
˴εļΨһĲͬǶһλԼھǵֻлݹԴʺоްܹͬҲûܵõػ
֮Уһ뿪ĸ˻̾ûñ㱻ʰЦˡ¥ȣº񣬸еҲϲ
˳ӧңʱҲڱ߹סһأͬڱ߹ص¥໰˵뿪СδԵЩ¼ţǿŴⷢ
˼ԺǷţһüߵ÷ѩ£÷֦ѹˣһϸѩ÷¡
㷹ֻʣҪ겻˯Ҳǣÿ˷ַѹǮֻҪûгɼҵһɶС
ʰƿţѩúҹλһƬ÷ϻż
˼üʲô
Ժ÷ÿǾôΧû˼ѩȾͻ˵ţڵذ̺齣С;յ
Сһ̾͹ԼĶë߸סˣֻ¶һ˫۾
ʰЦô䣬ɴȥﱧһš
ȥ˯СֹһҪߣʰŶקȥСǰ
¯Сߣ¥¾ơ˼֪Сʲô˵ˣԺڻʹ硣֪ú̫ܺһˡ
ʰþյ΢΢һ٣ȴɫ¶
С¥ߣëɨǼ΢Ťͷ˸硣
¥ЦǾ䣬Ժȿ¾ơ
ȾƱ㲻𣿡
ʰƺ뵽˾ӪеȤ£˱㿪ʼ˵߹ҪȾ붬ҪߣЩʿ׼Ȼѩˣ˾ȥƺȣҾ¶ǣܳಲǰҲˡ
СҲûȹξƣֻܹϢʰ˵ҲЩˣʵȾô𣿡
ȻˣʰĶڲƭС
˼Ŀɨʰʱ˾ζ
һûкͺһȹơСͷƺ˺ʰ˵
˼ЩؿʰҲûպȾƣδɹξ˵ˡ
ʰ˵ûҲҪȫš˼һ䡣
Сͷ֪ģһԡ
Ⱦƿ·ʲô
δ뺫ȹƣպҲûʲôˡ
ͷӰԼӳںʰɫϡСڿҺȾˡ
һ羴㣬Ը˳죬һϲ֡ʰֱСյһ
СۣľҺΡΡӳŵƻ
СҲԸ磬ǰƽտڡ
Һֻɬлջһů⣬ٹһ־ûζ𣬾ζ೤
СڴʰЦĺ󱳣Ϸʵôʲôֲߴ㡣
磬һҪúòССʱ򣬼С˵һ䡣
ʰΪ˳ͣһ£ҲӦˡ
һġ
лδαȻֹ㺣ľҺУ÷ѩɫУԱ˴õףԸ
׻˵ĺãȾֻһκΡ
˼Ҳˣͺʰоˣ¶ǺòУ˷ͻطЪϢ
ʣ¥ܾ͸ΧһźȾơ
СһʼʲôȵŰܾͻʱǰĵӰ
⻹δʱ̻ûأСɲʰСȥŷձź죬ο֬һ㡣۾гһ죬һ÷˯°һһģСʳ
ܾҲεСôƣ
ʰֲʲôҾƣСȵҲ࣬˭뵽㶼һˣҲûӦһΪҶһܺȡ
ͰܾŸôСƵʱ򣬱óڴ˵ܹˡ
һƵ£۱߹Žɵơֳһֽɡ߽
Ȼòѩɫ뻨ɫ䣬ٲȻһķ羰
оˣܹһ˲䣬ĿͣסҲˡ
ǷӦһɧ
ܹʾĿΨһԴһСϡ
ܾҪ֪ܹǾԲСȾƵġһҲڲסЩزҿ
ܹҲûʲôСᵽһľζʵ˶٣
ʰȥСе㷺ᣬɣƣСյ
ɣƲʲôҾƣ𣬺ζ͵ˣȷʵǾô
ӺȻˣС΢£ͱŲҶͷԺεĻˡ
С̫ѣܹﹰ£ڵ磬Һ
ֱܹ۽˽һ·϶Ĭûٿڡ
ѩرȹ֨΢ѹڼžҹʮСĺжľմȾܹ½ϡ
ƺˣһ㡣
ԼܹڻΪΡ
ʱڹôܳأ
ôѽ
ɤ΢ƣŴֹɣ۾ſպò
ˡ
ż
ܹ̾˿һģ
䣬׵ҹ
ͬҹ䣬һХ̻գڵҹըһþ޴Ļ
һͬţĴ̻յըҹ˺ѤĻҹաصѩ̻Ĺ⣬ʹˡ
СֱۣܹۣҪԼ
ܹ˸ƣסǱСһɽס
̻ڿգת˲ţһһš
˵ӰλεĹСܹļӳ̻
ܹؿչ¶ЦգҪһǡ
СȻŤͷ§סܹĲ
֣硣
̻£
ܹۿȡ
֣С                        
лҪ˵ףСʹտ֣µһҲҪʤ⣬ĵŶ


 80 


ܹһ·С, Ĳᣬһ¾ͳһߵ, ֱܹˡ
üõҼǵ㲻ϲȾơ
Сֹ, û, һ顣˵ʲô
硭ҪȾơ
˵ŵ, Ѥ, Сһ仰̻Ϩ, ͷˮ
СŵԴ̧, ߺܰĹ͸һǰ㣬ǡӳϡӰްʹм𺡣
мҧгݵĲģ硭ǰ˭, ֵ𣿡
Сȵ, ܹӹ, ҹĺˣҲܹ˵ʲô, ֱ굽ϣ˲ʸС
ܹ񷽲ŻѹŻ, һ, ĥˣЩݵؽø
˭һ顣
СˣȴϷŪܹ, 
δ˵꣬͵ײϣȻַܹԴǿĵۣδڵĻס
ܹıִžĴܿ¡
ҪЩǵ׺ݼ٣Ҫ֤ʲôһ˿أЩݵرӦ
СĲһȣַŴţܹǵ̫ЩʣǴǻƵطۡ
Щˣ΢\\û
ܹܲסھҪˣƿЩǡ
ʰô𣿡ǳƶ򢴦˼֡˵һΣ˭
ë񱻽£½΢΢ɢ׵ľշתĥ䣬ܹĺȻ˼֡
ΧĿƺȾЩ||
硭ΪԼܹŹ
ʵˣֻ΢΢һ٣δͣ£|ȵֵֻ࣬ʣ绮ķ磬
һ͵ؽܹؿڴīһѡ
Կӵ˵һͣºͷ˵Ƭ̺ƵͲ𣿡
Сɿķ˿̫ˡ
ھֽŷ򴽣һۡ
ܹĺһΪõЦ̧ҹп鶯ʱ΢β
ûס´ξ
СǺȻ޻˵
⣬οѾʱǻ˯ģܹһں˯ˡ
ܹ£žѹͷôأ˿ûзӦ
ˣܹץסҶ֣Ƶһȡ
ʲô
Щ֣ҪʣȴĬҹܹĴϢأž㣬ʹ֮ⷽ컡
㡭ճڣ㱻ܹת˷򣬱޷飬Ǻ·ȶȣޱȡ
Уƺ˴˵
͵ĴϢȻûӦ뵽ʲô϶ŭſҡ
ܹĺƽȣĽſߵǰƲȥЩ⣬ͬʱزҿ
õŮӾǰҲԳֵʧ̬ˡ
ܹԼΣС߷ߵ֪룬ԶԶģڱʲôΣյҰޡ
Ҫˣ߰ɡ
С˸Ƿͷ̾Ϳʼˡ
ܹεôˣ㽫Ҹߣһȥģ
ȥĶ˭ʱģɲҡǿװ򶨣ʼͷϵķ١
ܹüģ̾һСûĵģʱߣ캮ضҲزȥˡɣȥĺ磬ԸԸһ
˵תſȥСһžĺϣֹȥ
ܹ˯ʲôĻ档
ЦˡԼҪҵġ
ϻܹͬ齶ߣǡײ£ÿÿԼҪըˡ
ˣҲûôྫȥƽϣû˵仰˯ȥˡ
ܹС˵𽭷˸ѹǮδ˵ûƽĺࡣ
ĺͬʯ̶ûࡣ
һ꣬ҲһξҲڴ
ֱܹ΢΢һС뻳С
оĬˮҹɫУһ˵ĵ
ϦϦ
ϦϦˡ
ܹⱲӶС
*
ڶ磬Сֻһˣֻһ΢΢İݣóҹȷʵ˯Լ˾ƣ˵¶ûִ磬ͷҪ̽µӲŹŷһ塣
ǰܹѩ˼䵱̣ˣշתֻصϡ
һؼž۵ӡʹֻлݹҲԼһڶŮ
ǰʺﻹΪϳһʱȥŭ⼸ҲȥƽˡľƫҲ޿κΡ
֮һ֣ǿ󲻵ãֻǲġ
ʱ̫ҲйӣҲΪüᷢҹὫӵ뻳СٺеĻݹˣûеģݹҲˡ
ʵò̫࣬ӺƽԼز۵ļӣʣʮĻӡλһλԶޣһλżǣڻݹߣʮͣಡ߶ҲֻŻһˡ
ⳡˣܹ뿪ҲŮŻع
ǰ
ϸѩƮƮ£ѻɡϡ
ϹźĶ񣬺һǣ¶¶ɫȹߡ
ɡ΢̧¶԰׵һ˫Ŀúͻһģһֳ
ҲҪع𣿡ܹҲͣ˽Ų
ΪԼԵʣ뼸λ겢ܶиע⵽λಡá
ǻݹǻϣʮֹذѰҽΪӣʺʱҩȥֻӻûʲôתǽģƺһҪˣϧ
šɵĵ˵ͷҪض𣿡
㣬Ҫһˡܹ뵽СĿⶼࡣ
΢΢һʵȥҽҵĶС㡣
ܹСϲǲ˵Ҳܴп˵ˣˬԼ
С뿪ðСͬಡִͬ
ֻΪСܹͶö˼ֹա̫ҽע壬صļΣҲȥô˵ܹҲգŴ۾ؿҿ
׽ЩƺײĴҲʱ߽˵仰
ֲֻ꣬ˣڵڲô߶ܹ񼸺ЩӵҩȴͣĹ͡
ǳҲǳڶСΣټĹȥ
£磬΢΢һףǻֿȥɡ
ѩ·عСЩ
ܹ԰ձ뿪ˣ񻹳ɡվǴãֱѩҹĨӰʧ̾˿ת
ûձ̫ѩ˳ܵ䣬ǳǳˮС
СĻڳﱸУھеʱ䣬ʱȥԺѧΪ˪ܹƭ£кЩӲ˵ֱ˪Ͽҵϴعںá
ֻǹպҪȥ뿪ʹ£û
Ժѧܲ뿪ģҲִŵģʱվˣҲ฻С֪뾭ԺĴڣҲ˵֪Ժδ̫
ѩڣ֦ͷִɫʰҲҪ뿪ˡ
ؾ¥Ҳһͬ뿪
ʺһֶŮҲڳʱ˹˵ǵ֪̫Ĵͻگӽһ·궼·Ϲġһڻϻʺǰܹ
Сմӽе֪£λСֶŪܹӹеԵɡ  

 81 


, ҲʼСպڹʹٲ˶թֶλٳ, ʹܹϲ, ҲͲסպ˶ʺޡ
СﶼæԺ, ڰѧ, Ǹ˪ȥժҩ, ǰջźʰȥ, ܹ֪»
ûһҪΪ̫ľ, Ϊ˻µʲô
λʺıֶŮΪãǳԽϵŵڣĲŮΪ˼ȥǼףֻǱ˼ˡ
Сòʤһ, ֮¡
ʺȻϲݶܹŮ, οûǸ֮λ, ûʹܹˬӦˡȴΪ̫δ޹ȥ, ҪδЩС, Ҹ¡
ܹϵʱ, ͻһʾԼֻӭȢСһˣʺò, ָŭһͨûôֻΪп˵ϲװ±ŮӡȻΪ̫ӣҪΡֻҪǣȻҪ̫Ҳ㡣οϲպδֻһˣҲ֮ˡ
ܹ֪ʲô˼ƶֻҪڣĺԺ㲻Եɡ
ʺһͨ𣬵ǻûôܹ
˵ĵסԵмˣγ谮ݹҲҪ㳯ӣ¶մЩӣҴ˵˵ˣҪܵʵ۵ĴϣٲԸҲܲסﱻ߶
õ֪ܾĨȥ˶ȴ֪̫Ӳڣֿȥ˻ʺ
´СʱŸŮѧ㣬϶ۡ
ýͷöΪ򱧲ƽ˵ҪǻʺӦô죬㻹δסȽȥ˵ôҲųģºò֪ߣ
СӦŲæϴ֣ʵ̫ӵ²Ӧġ
Ҫǻʺɲأ۵պȺ󹬵Ů˶ˡ
Сƺ뵽˵ĳĿڴЩɬȴڲᣬֻϲҡ
պˣܹҪϲŮӣЩѹҪҸû취£ûԸߣŮӡ
ڣܹ߲ˡ
ô̫ӣû˵
СشܹȻҪҡ
С̧ۿȥܹվԺſڣĿͣϣɵ˵ĳ඼δܼס̤붫
Ψ㣬ҲֻȢһˡ
ֻŮжˣСȴֹסʧ䡣
ܹôϲҪߡ                        
лҪ˵Ǽ80ģ80¸û취޸ģֻõ

 82 


һֱΪ, ʵ̫ѡܽҲǼò֮, ο, ôҲֵ˰ɡ
ͻȻðĽС, һݵ΢Ů, ȴΪ̫
вʵŮ, ֺֹһáĽ̫ӵĹŮȱȽ, û˽ܽ, ˭ԼҲлΪ̫˭֪ȴ⧲˱ȥı
ò䣬İĽ̫ӵ£СԸǼ޸̫֮λ, ҲԸ, ֻҪߡ
һŮ, ָʲôȡ
ܹȥһϣܾóΪ, ֪˶ڰгЦ˶޹, ѵһ
̫, ֻ˲պϻλλҲ, 
ʺǰҲǿԼ˵ķϣھоˣҲ̫λãҲͷ뷨ñʫ飬ׯǺʵĺѡȻ
ģֻ̫һʱŮǣպȻῴĺôЩ˵˲㡣סڹЩӱٺ̫顣
ۿ΢죬˵лʺһ֮룬֪ɷ񡭡
ʺ̧˵ɣš
СŮĽ̫ӵѾãֻԸܳ࣬ΪūΪҲĸԸʺȫСŮ̷¡˵ţԽԽСȾɫӵصͷ
ʺ̾ʲô˼
νΪūΪ澣ҪһӵŮʱίȫദվˡⷨҲټֻǺиŹŮΪ˵óԸԽز˵ȥҲҪ˳Цġ
οܹӡƽ̷ҲŮӣһϳôá
ʺԥʱ䣬ɫԽңָ䣬ŵصȴ
Ҳáô룬ȥɡ̫ǱӣҲҪӡҲ˵ܹҪȢӣ˵£ĸһʲôΪѵġգԡ
һСãõ˵ֻȢһ˵ĺͿ
óһصϲá
̫ӵ£Ӧǵɡ
*
С˵Źõ£ܹ͸ϵЩ˽ȥֱ˳̱ץС
ܹδ⣬ĿҲֻͣСϡ
ƳС˻֣ʾԼҪ뿪
СͷӦˣܹü۶ôѽ
֮ǰһֱ£СᣬæͣһЩҲͳӹš
С¿ʼˡ
̧ܹ֣մȾ۲ȥɨܾˮҪİܾת˱ܡ
һᣬԭҶˡ
봺ãɺ䣬ʱܿ˪СӽٺҩˮֻɻҪΪСǸҩӣܹʱŵ޵ҩ㡣֮ǰڶǶʱգѬ㣬һģֱҲûĹ
Сƫͷȥķһۣ˵ֻΪҵģ㲻Ҫ
ᵣģ֮顣ܹСݵĳĬƬ̡
ʲô
ҲûʲôĸһͬȥѾ㱸ˡ
ŵʱͻȻ˴ǰһµС
ƺЩҲЦˣ˵չ
ܹ񿴵ʻСǵԺʰԹɢˡ
Ǻʰ䰮ˣ͹ڱѩ
С΢΢üʵ㱸õģƭʺô죿
ܹסߣ߱˵Σֲ֪ĸϲãʱҪңȻοҪ˲Ҫ
ʺﲻϲңʲô
ܹҲ֪ΰοΪ˵ȷʵʵʺƫִܹԽΥԽҲΪСֻǲϲΥˡ
ؽ黳ĸϲ㲻áܹԴ֪жã֪㹻ˡ
С˵е㺦ˣƲȥػ
ڸãСרĺŮѧ㣬ܹ¯ۣ̿лտʱһ̫ӣĽۣӣд̿мгһںĶ
һ£ʵʲô
ܹƳһۣޱû
ǸںĶԥһ£ʣǲǿˣƽҲûôڵġ
ɽ۶еˣʱȴڳ̼ĺ˳Ͼһ̫ӣû¡ѵƽﱻɵ˼ֵ£Ȼǲ῾ܹҲʮΪ飬ƲвٹںĶ
ҷſЩˡʲô𣿡
ܹ˵ñʺǿ£ֲµķԸˣʺִˣǵļŭǸ鷳ֻȷ˽˶
ܹ˹ظƽϵۺۣŵͫӰ£䵭ͷˡ
ȷʵǲ֪ôûؽϣǸ档λҵĹʵûʲô˵ĵطȥҲ˴һк
磬ôˣСܹƣӱһ
ܹת亮ֻһ˲ºˣСʱֻʣЦ⡣һ޹ؽҪС°ˣ˵㷳ġ
Сüǲ£
ܹ˶٣ͷҵС뵽̷ΪūΪϣĸͬ˴¡
СĬˣкȻһңæֵҲǷŵ֪ѾҪִˣڶһ졣
Сɻ㼱ʲô
ܹȻؿ                        
лҪ˵СɶҲû˵ô

 83 

էһñ͵˶, СȻҲԸδ˵ʲô, ܹͼæ, ŭ, Ҳ֡
ûҪ˼
ܹĻ, ǵİ, Ǳһ㷢
СҲûעܹı, Ŀⶼڵȥ, ʵ̼ˡ
ܹ
ɫ䣬Ȼ̼л¯ӡ
ӦһںһʱֻЩ΢
СֻܿصСϣ֪ܹһᴦô, ֪Ż粻, ȷʵֻܸԼƽա
Ůõĸ˸ܹ, ʵŰģҪҪ
ܹʣСȥˣ
С̫˼˵Լ̫, Լ˶²ȥڣֻ˵಻, ҪҶ
һ, ܹеĸʧȥȤұõһգ
ȻõºܿͱС˹ȥ, ܹǾзơôҲû뵽С⣬ڻȴ
ʱСûܹ̲סˣʵĲں𣿡
С˼Ƭ̣ѣĲҪʵ֪ǲֻ̼ǸӲҴˣΪʲôҪ
ֻܹѪֱͷŶȻ˵ˣδ˿ôʹѣ˵ľګˡ
£Ȼ˵һⶼûˣҪġ
ܹ˻ǿѹͷԹĵض˵õ¡
СһȻı飬ԴίԹֻ˵㲻Ҫᣬû˵Ҫ˼
ܹ񣺡
Ǹȥ
㵱ʱ˵ʱʵﻹǲ̫Ըģ㲻ôģ㲻ڶ
ܹеԹһأ
С͵ۿƺЩţ㶵㲻˵
æ˵ֻ˵˵ô㲻Ҫ
Сҡҡͷָĵսˣ˵ôˣҲûϵɣһѹһӣѹҲûʲô˵ġպѹҲǳġ
ԼҪϲܹ£ѡʺԼĻЩѹҲǲܽܣʱǵġܹҲİɡԺԺлӹһҲܺܿ
ܹ⽥ˣѹ£ȥ૵ô˵Ҳġ
һǱϣСת
ˡ
㡭Ҫ߾ͿߣϢȣЩܻ
ܹЦһõȥ
̫ӻ˶ãͿʼ贫ҵСڶգʹȻ̫ӵŵ˸ȥͷлʺ󶼲֪ôˣⰲŵģŰվǳֻ֪ˣҲҪ
óҭ˰Σӵʣ²ǵ𣿡
ܹɫ룬ɨһۣδΪŮŻһʱĽ飬̴Ѻ֪ҵǧ𡣷ЩﲻҪ黳
ˣֹסһԵæѹ
⻰˵ȻָŮ磬˶޹⣬޲̽ϳȥ
ʺҲȥˣֻ˵Ҳٰ֮ˣ̫Ӳ¾ˣȻȥЪϢɡ                        
лҪ˵ܹίǾƺҪ㶼
СմͰͰ

 84 

νȻʴ䱦, ܹҲһ˱, ֻҸ򵥵ķӽöȥѡ
ϾһС, ûʺϸ, 
ȵ˻ʺһ, һδ̫ݳϯС, ֻ۾, , ֻǱĺͼޡ
ЩĿСеʣЩţ߬ŵ΢ʪҲ֪Լÿ˭á
ܹİƳۣ˾Ʒɺף, ϼϡԶԶĿ, ͨ, ԵӼⲻҪԲλһ
̫һۣĿڽС, һĳʹǻʡ
С篵Ķȹ, ˹𻨺, ҲЩȴ鶯ɰòڣҲֻڻʺ, С´綼ۣׯ㡣
ʺƳһۺСѰˣԼʲôĵطỵ˽ҵ
Ȼңȴǽ֪Ů֪޷磬ٵ˲õĽۣࡣ
֮ϣζϸƣܹΪΥһǰ㣬һ־ͻ᲻ͣʹС
ڴ֮ǰҲѹСۻԡ
ܹýۡ⡱ˤ޷磬Сô鷳Ȱͷ
οǽ۶в׵˼ֲ
ֻҪԼþȣǾȵľǽۡ
С˼̹Ȼڽ۲Զ
ʵϣҲȷʵ룬ձһҲԸ
͵Ůһۣ߬˾յָס
СһܶģضǲԸһԸһۡ
Ҳʮֺڣһʱ嶯˵ڣ޷صľ棬һɡҲˣû˵Щǻˣлֵϣ
Уʺʮ׽ʱʱͿ䣬С̬䵭ܹȴСգԸΪ¯Ȳ裬߹ʱ˳ֽϣ̬ʮȻ˿η˵۹⡣˽СĿŵƫһʱҲЩꡣ
ʺϲãϵ̫ӣ˭ʺ˭ϲҪ̫Լ⡣
С̫Щ޷ƾܣԾͲˡʺϲҲûʲôҪģֻҪ鷳ͺá
;Ůϲʱ·С࣬Ȼһᣬ뱭ˮõСϡ̹ģСͷϴ
ˮ̣ö࣬ҲֻǴʪ۵ӣɴʪȴȻǲˡ
СūֻһʱСū澰ɣ澹ǰսľؿͷϴ
Сͷײʯשϵ죬Ĳһ˵ˣȥѣպСЩ
Ҫ۽ӳסɨ澣ðܾţ粽롣
ڣСӾͱܹ˻
СļĿ⿴ӹۣ䵽ŮϣĪһЦ
ôˣСü
ܹļ磬˵ðܾȥĹﻻѡ
䣬澵ɫһ˲ҰףڵϵӲš
СĻҲʶʲôԣͷȥ
ȥɡ
*
Ȼ֣ϲֳ棬عˣܹĻ˳ӵСһͬ뿪
СΣǸʱСڶҲںҩ̫ҽ֪ӲãҴǰĽةҲһĲ
ǽСӦҲֲӰɣҲһ㣬ΪҩȾйɿɬҩζûʲôͬ
ڼ֮ǰһֱôġ
ֱȥܹʱ򣬿һŮӱèǧϣЦźٸһѽҲµģ
ŮӵЦĵۣȹƮ绨һ
ԭǲͬġ
Сܹȴδ⻹ǵһΡ
ЩнЦЦС˵ǽСлл㡣
֪ʹۡ
˶֪ǽС
лңǻڰ㡣
СֵҪлл㡣
ɫ԰ףȥ˼һԵŮæΪ˳Ƭ̺¼ǰС
ӿɺЩˣ䲻ʡ
Сش𣺡öˣڵպӦûд󰭡ҲҪú÷ҩԼӣúҲܺˡ
˵ⷬı鿴žм˵ӡ
ִá㵱Ȼ˵ƺֵȥ
СǸСȻ˵Ÿֻֻǲ̫飬ҲƲ䵭
ӱСҪЩǹڶ࣬ʵﲢѡ
СʱָỬϣʵϲɫ𣿡
СӦ̫ӵģϲȹǰձ̿һˣ̫ӾһǾԭĺÿ
ĦȹĻĬŲһʡ
Ȼ·ûٻصϡСɰܾߣ˵Լһˮ¡
úõ·û˰ôõˣǲϲҹҪҳ󣬻ҪҡСֹ˵һѣſᣬĹŵһŰֱܾۣɤЩˡй
Դڹ￴౻ˣСͼùж£ö˶˵Ĺ磬ôͻȻð
ܾɻСߣ鿴һ׶ĹͺĲҽһͬв֪ʱһƬɧңܿҵĽŲǵķˣͽ׷ŽŲһͬ
СҪŰܾܣͱгŵԭء
ŮӲ֪˭ҵС㡣϶Ѫһֻҧϣ˺Ѫ죬ҽڶұС񾭡
һֻȮҲ׷Ů˺ҧ
СҪͣˣȥܾűֱ˳ź˳ȥ
ܹһ£Ǹɲסߺֽסҽк͹͡
Сŵˣжǿ־壬̧ͷܹ񣬼΢ƺ˵ʲô
䱻ס仰ȴܲ³͡
ܹ˵£                        
лҪ˵ǲͶ׵Сʹˡ
¸һ


 85 

ʺϳֶȮ˵, ŮŵûʧɫҲ˲ʲô, 㡣
ֻҧ˵ĶȮɺ󹬵ľ, ջʺ, ԼõĻ, ½ֻҾĶ, ֻʺ, ̬ᷢչģ
˳ֻ, պȻ׷ı˺ҧŵгȥ뽫ԼĹֱŮסˡ
ǰһзĺܿ죬Ĳҽ絶ӻ˸ƽ, ƽ͸, մȾѪܵĶ⡣
λ˺ҧؽŮ, ձʢװϯ޶ˡȴαȮ˺ҧ, ȹˣ¹ص黨ҵķ˿һ, ϵױҲλ, źòҡ
˽ʱֻħһݺҧСĸ첲ɿ, һһѪܵƤ⡣
Сҽ˹ȥȥҽտ
ĨȥשϵѪ˿ôĿģһ뵽ŵСĲ״ٺõҲûˡ
ŭֻɨ˾һۣɪŹڵġ
ʼգСܹţɿʱ򣬵ϵѪøɾˣֻ¼ɫˮա
СδܹӣܹԽġ
ȵưסָŻµСȻ;ðࡣ
⵽ô£
ܹƬˮʱһƬĮȻ
λС㶺ŪȮԼǵ˻¡
ֻȥѣһײûߣ˵׼ҲҪιȥ
ǷŵС㱻ҧ˺üڣѪˣ᲻°
ܹƳһۣüʲô
ҧҲ̫ˣңԸҧԾҲ뱻ҧСֹһ䣬ܹ¶ͷ
̾Ρ˼ʲôڻܽų
ɱϾСԼˣҲö׷ʲôֻǱ˽˼ֻ
һϢС˿ڣͱ̧˹
ʺǻˣȻ鲻죬Ҳüƽʲô
ԶԶؿܹСվһ𣬿ס˽յ֡
һ£еĲʸˡ
ʵĲķڷ֪ԼܹȢһò˫ȫλŮӣҲˡ
ɽСһƤңްƥ䡣ھ΢һ£λ̫Ҳã׳ΥŮѧҲһִ졣ο¶ԽСһƬȴ뺫ҵĹӲ岻һټ̤̫ӵ⡣
һŮӣ̫֮λվܹߡ
Ը̫ӵ˵鰮ŮɫҲùѡ˽С
ƭˣֻûм鰮ģ
*
ʺ¡ص磬ܹӲٰ졣ҲһֻԼϼѣڶСüף
Ҳ⣬ֻҪ˼
˼ǳسоزžбҪӣԸǰȥͱ˺Сһͬȥ
һͬĻԼɻ鲻õĽܶ⡣
Ϊ˲䶫Ʒþƣһϲ˹ܶԵʣԸͬ˶
ʰ뾩ӣܹһգǺӣݼϺҪˡ
СΪУֲܹܽƲҪǰټһ棬˵仰ߡ
ȥ˶ȴһ綼ڳûг
ܹӣЩͷ;ȥСΣŵ֪㡣ֻͣһ̣еͷ·𱻸ƽдҲǿȥˡ
ȻȵɫСõϢ˵ǺʰѾݼϣҪˣ㼱æȥ·ҪȥԼĵطͺʰ档
ܹ֪ģį飬л̲סһķᡣ
Сһ̸߽УܹɫЩţСʳУˡ
Ĭ˰Σ鶼ЩӲ
һĸ㣬Ϊʰ׼ģ
СӦǰ˵Ҫú糢ģվҪֻý
ɫȻƺʲô⣬ʹܹ񶼲üƽϣԵС
ʱӦѾˣҪȥѡ
СתȥֻܹضʳУϵıԹ
Ҫÿ˲ˣǡʮָпСһø㣬źӣû̫ӵķݶҲѹǵ´Ũˡ
ܹ˼ҧгݡĸ㣬ƾʲôҪʰ
Ǿǣ»ûأôܸʰ
ܹ˼Ƭ̣ɫлͣ˵ȥĸˡ
ΪԼˣһ飺˵ʲô
ˣҸĵķŽȥɫ̹Ȼ鲻¶
Сĸ㣬δùƾʲô͸ʰȥ
ӵܹһۣ˵ˡ
Сѳʱͷ黨סȥ۵üëһšܹ̾ȥΪ⿪Ƶķ˿
ǰʱձҧ˵С㻹ǵ𣿡
䲻ʣܹΪٵ΢΢һ٣Ϣ˳ʵôˣ
˿ãѾԲڴþˡ¥˵ƣβãܻû
ûʲôܹҲ޷Ħ˼˼Ƭ̣Դϧ˵Сȷʵ˲ãϧˡ
˵СһԲûٴ
ܹ˲ԣļͷı鲻ã˵ŵ㡣
ǲǸ˺ܶ鷳ûֵ˼һֺۣܿ촹ۡûȥĵһȥѣһ·ʹˣɵĹҲǴ·ҵ·ϻбȥĲˮҲ˶
˵ЩʱʵЩεġ
һҲʲô˵ԭôңȴ֪
ܹɫѾҵزӡ
ÿ˵һ䣬Ҫ྾һ֡
Ҳ㲻ֻǲ֪ԲĲڡ
СؿΪʲô
ܹشַӦԹԵ˵֪ˣΪ˲ϲ̫֡һẦЩ̫һѵ£бضǸԸˡ
ܹɤЩɣ˱ۣεֻǲЩ߰¡
СҲãԭһô¡
ɫյӳשϺϣȺɳǳϣŨɫƲĿ⡣
ϦĹսСȹϣΪȹһʵıɴ
ȷʵԸ⣬ǹ磬㲻ҪˣҪߵġ
ãҲת˲ţһ㣬ôѤãҹҲֻжݵһ˲˵۾ܿعڰ
סĶֺֹһ
ƺٻش仰ֻǿһЦˣȥأһ㡣
С˵ͷϵʳУתʱȹһÿĻȡ
ϴָ⻬ܿԶȥˡ
*
ڴ˴ţȽСӴ˴ʰǱߴǽ£Сıš
Ҫǳô죿澴ŮЩǣʵҲûС֪ǲ
ΪСΪνմȥ̻ѳ˭Ҳ֪¡СǸӣϲǳɫѣǶҷۣٺΣһʳС˱ϳԺһŮ˲ӣű𷣰ɣ

ĺȺǳϣɫҲȾŨĺڡѾ˵
СӿŲЩʰصȥʱܶӦҲˣ˾õȡ
ĳ񣬺ȻиŮͨһµزڵϷһ죬ŵͣסŲߵİ̸ܾȥ鿴
Ůɫ԰ףϷʪĺʹӡ
ôˣ
ܾҡͷƺǸʹ
Сܣ·Ĺ˲࣬ܲý˶ֻ˵Ҹ̫ҽɣ·ԶԼȥˡ
ūҪСİΣ뿪
ɫСҹʶ˲壬ϲôϤ·Ҳ̫ġҪȥҺʰǵ̫Ϊȥô졣
زĹۣ˿˵ū澡ūһӲΪҵ¡
ĿⴥСմŵѩٵȹƺʹˡ
Сӣεû˵ǼҲҪԷƱȥˡ
С㡣
ʱȻһ˵ỽ
Ťͷȥһ˴ŶƵȹᡣ
էһΪǿһС
ֿܾø

߽ʵôˣ
иŮεˣĴˣȥ̫ҽҵŮⶼǴ粽ҵġҪȥҺ磬ǳˣΪҲȥ
룬ԼŮ㱧ö𣿡
ŮֻҡͷܾСϰ䣬ͨŮȻͬ
ۿɫҪˣСҲٵ˵ȥҲ̫鷳Щ潪Сͺ˵һҵ˽Ůȥ̫ҽˣȥҺӰɡ
ұлˡ
лֻС¶ѡҲ뿴ʲôӣܱȹĻ֡
Ůɫһ䣬ƺ۵øˣҪū£ͷӡ
ƳһۣѾӣ໰ʲô
ŮҲ˵ֻӶҲ֪ǿ־廹ʹԵʡ
Сʳеݸ񡣡˺磬ҽ
ʲô
ĸ㡣                        
лҪ˵ܹĸ


 86 

С, ŴҲй֮ͨҹ￴ò, ᱻϡ
СҲע⵽һ, ȴû˵ʲô
ϾҰ, ҲǼȹÿ, ҲƵȹӰ, Ҳʱ
ӹʳ, ˶, ˵ҵ˰һ⹬Ůȥɡ
Сˣܲһȥ
񲻾ʲôҪ˵ڹҲʱ߶δʲô£Ҫ㾯裬ֲʲô̶Ѩ
Сɵ, ֱӶŮ, ȥɡ
СͺʰԼõĵط, ںʰ·˳ļ͸Ǵǰһλ̫С, ̫ȥ󣬾ͳһЪϢĺȥ
͸󲢲ƫƧ, ҹɫ, ͣ˼һ·
ڴʱһŮңң, ߽һ˵С㣬ѾȺʱˣūΪС·
ҲûзϣԼСһ·浽˼͸
ʱҹĻ٣͵˵ƣ͸ֻյƵĵܽǡʰվǰ֣ϲغһС
߽ߵĹĬ¡
ʰˣüǺˣ
ŻƵĹߣ˺ʰۣС·Щ£Һ˵һԺ͵ĪҪΪʧԼˡ
ʰԣһ񡣡ԭǹ·ʧˣµС
ܽǹŵĵ͸ڵһƬֻйڻǰյƣҶ˻ݲݣּžOO@@ĳ
ʳеݸʰУʵ㷽Žϳ˽С㣬Һ𣿡
˵⻰ʱ򣬺ʰҿʳɻؿ͵ǽСģ˵Ҫ㳢
԰գʳеĸ㣬־֡
Сĸô͹һģһǹĳӽĲɣ
Ҳֻǣδ˵ڣͼʰֵһ鶪
ܿһҭ˵ı飬ؿڽȥ󣬲ųһգգۣʵʲôţ
ȻƣСǲϹۣһɵȵ̫ӡ
ҷʣҺͽСǷ񣿡
ʰ붼룬ֱ˵һҲ񰡣С
ѡ
δ˵꣬źȻϣڼžзһͻأľ죬δȶ˷Ӧִܿŵ
ʰһȥҪŷѱˡ
ʰ˶ɵˣ㶵Ǹʲôҵ˭ˣ
Ҳû£Ҳδ˽𣬺ö˶˵ȴͺʰһͬǲ֪롣
ô죿
ʰ̾εȥܲܳȥϧ빬ôȻֱӰŸ
̫ļ͸󣬲ٻ
ŴܱȹҪӴɲ⣬ɵ²ͬڵϹģŮһҾûʲô˵ȥҲǲġʰֻ̾ϵù
СԺǾܳȥˡ˵뵽ʲô̧ۿʰǳġ
Ҳ˼ĬĬеĸ㡣
Ǳ˴СŻһ뽫СһҪСڡ
̫ӵĻڽǴʱţ̫ɣ۽ͽ֪
ףȻǼ򵥵عһ𣬱ضЩ߰Ķ
͸ûŵʲô㣬ֻвľζ
Сĸ㣬һԵĶ
źʰȻþ裬ƳһߵĻƿƺԥҪҪȥá
ʰЩ޴ϵ˪æ͵һоҲûУҪٵȵȣҪûûأûλ˵ҴʲôëôãպһҪɱеġ
˿ȴûгж¶ķԶԶĵطС
͸һƬСĹʵڼ尾κֶ䱸úܣʰΪ˱ʾԼһ̽ʵ£Ҫ̫Ȥˣ¸㽲°ɣ
ʲô£
һЩ̸¿϶ûСϲ˵Щˡ
ܾ˵Сֵ˵ͷӦ㽲ɡ
*
ŸʹĹŮһκС·ļˣʱǸŮı黹Ťţһʹ̵ģ
ת󣬰ܾƶŵĹŮ⡣
Сɻȥܺ£һΪҵĴ
Ǻ¡
ô˵СȻЩǶȥҺʰˡǿЩҪЩҵǡ
͸󲢲ԶСɱȥʱиŮһּۣҴҵͷˣܾͣסӳȥǹŮżһӿ˽Ų
ˣȥǡС˰ܾһѣסȥ׷˵ĳ嶯
ŮͣСô£Сֻ˵Ҳֻ֪ǵĳ¶ѣ˺ܺãġ
ˣҲһƣǸҴ߹ĹŮǼݵǡ
㵽˼͸ǰܽǵںҹиĵ۾˵̹Ρ
סĵţСһȹӷɱȥ԰ܾ˸Ķһŷ죬Լʲôõ졣
һƬУԼеŮӵĳ
±ް治ǹġ
ʰС죬òײƽߵŵָڲš
һڣŷɤӸɬĲ񻰡
硭
ںĺʰһ˷ܵСˣܳȥˣˣȻΪ۸˹ʮҲ˵塣
Сһ£־òԾʵΪʲôˣ
ʰ̾˿еε˵Ҳû뵽µôСֵĹ£Ͱſˣô˵ͣ
ô˵һ뵽ŵĿ־壬ǾУСĻðҧкģֻǶˣ㻹ҪŹ
ΪҶһֶ
ĳҭͣסˣС˵տ㣬˵˰⿪ɡ
СŤͷŮ˵ȥˡ
Ȼ˵ܾ꣬鵶һǳɣǶûӦ
׹أܾȻյˡ
ֻ龪һҲûܵʲô𺦣ʰ£˵˱ȽϱȻտɾͳˡ
Һһ𣬵ǹس𣿡
ʰʲôתصУʱĵģ˵ĲһΪ˶ҳءǲţһҲϳ
СüӹƵĹϸƬ̺Իת˵ⲻİ
ʰ
ҡҡͷһֱţûб˻
ʱСʱ򣬸ܹ϶ݵͣ
ǰɡ                        
лҪ˵Сɲɣôù


 87 

Сú˵, ǱܹˡֻӲͷƤͺʰ𣬰, ּҴҵظ, ·üЯźü͸ߵá
С뿴, õҲͣסŲ
ø, ҲɫŹֵؿ˿, ֿ˿С, Сô£ⲻúõ𣿡
Ǳڿ˲ɣ
ռΪ, ã˿СýӲԭأض
СЦһ£ʣҪȥ
̶̵ʱ, ʹͨ, СҲ߳, ˿Ұ֣ο߻иضǳʲô, ûмơ
ЩƵЩŭû˵, , һȥأ
£й˵£ҲŴ, Ӧˡ
ʲôҲûУȴӲҪ˵ˣûץѱ
СƢٺҲܲסˣŭʲô٣ʲô£ﵹ˵˵̷Ըȥ̽й˸Һ죬ϷˣĹˣǴ׷Ź˵ɣػʺԸΪָ˵ġ
ʺϲãҲ棬˺ܹ¡
û뵽ôӲɵػˣ״ε˵ؼʺʲô¡ᣬֻǹǲ鷳ġ
ܹöҪеʱ䣬ǳ˳Сӣ߰ɣֻڵš
һͬǰˣ״Ҳ׷¶õƲϵ
Сûᣬһ˦
ʱ˵ܶҲˡ
ȥˣȴ¼Ҵ߹
̫ӵأ
СǰһСҪȥ㣬ƽ¡
񣺡أ
񣬴Ȼȥɣʱ£дˣӷҲȥˡ
⻰ֻ˵ȴûҪСһߵ˼
СЩʧ䣬һ䣺ôˣղһ˺񡭡
⵽˾ͺã±ضסٶ˵ЦӦ
֮£ֻ뿪
һߣС̾ͱˣʣ̫ӵǲǻ˸㡣
ֹˡ
̾һСﻹԼȥɡ
Сŵܹ޵ûʲôСţ磬ôˣ
еûд𻰣Ƭ̺Լ˻ˮ
ʱ֨ѽһˡ
ܹ˼ĳɿش˼ۣīڲͣصˮϲҲδȥˮۣΪףȴŲĺΡ
򴽲ſּΪ΢΢زš˫ͫڵ÷էһҪԵҰޣ׺ݡ
Сϴˮˣ̽˾䣺㻹𣿡
ܹΣյۣһĨЦС𣿡


 88 

ܹ˵仰, СԵһתҪ, ͱץס첲ӡ
޵ֻյ, ǿɢڰ
谵, ˵ĸйҲ
ܹӱסС, ڻ
, Сȴ, ϲĶϡ
סֱܹ, ĵطָⴥƤݹˮܿɢȥˣһ˵ȶȣ￪ʼһֱ˼㡣
ҲԡŬʹԼغܹ˵ȷſҡ
ʲôܹ˵ʱ, ЩԼı, õˮ, ȵˣɼˮҲûжĳЧ
ʱ, ץסֱܹס
޳ָϸǴָĵطҲǹһ㡣
ܹ΢΢һ, ѹ, ߣš
ȵĺС¶࣬, ʲô̵ĶҲȥ̵һ
Сһ£̾Ϳʼܹ¾Ͱ޷
ҡҲſ̫ҽ̫ҽκ㡣
ܹЦһﻹմȾ˼Ũҵģ|
СǰһҪЩӵġ¡̫ҽɹܲˡ
СˣҲɵؽҡҲܲˡֲԵġԼ㡭
ܣ˸ˣԼȥ
˵仰ܹӽһ˲һƺڼƽʲôٿڣȾ˼вȻʰĸ㣬ֶţ
һšʱΪõؽС°̧̧ӦʲôԹԵȥͬʱסֱۣת΢΢㽫󱳵Ӳǽϡ
εǣٴ˼ԿأҲ͸⼱ֺݣƵ
㣬һԡ
ĥ޼䣬ȶҲ
ܹʪķ˿䣬˳С΢ɵ½󻬽ȥһ飬˲ˣ㿪ܹǣæֵץסϢȵ˵С
ܹͣ£΢΢ͷ̶˿ǳ׹У⡣
ƺҲ뵽ʲôС鰸ǰ̧Ž鰸ǰѵ߿ټĴ³漴ССط£ϥǰ
д
ܹһôҲû뵽ͻȻǸɻôˣ
µǿѹĲʣ߶΢ġҲпɳ֮ȥ㡭
ΪЩӣûƵСûء
룬Сľء
Сһ£ѧܹοӣԴȵգ˵´⣬ҴĴ⣬лɳˡֻⶫˣҪһˡ
ܹûлػèһͷ˲ƣƺڼȡΪԼ¡
Ĳ𣿡
Сᶨˡ
ܹĳĬѹʲôãǳ֡
Сֱ۳鰸Ҫˣָܹȴͣȹϵϣָϸ΢زţɿ´һһϵá
Ȼȥ
Ϣ˵仰ƺѾ͵˼¡
СߵǰӰеܹûסһ䣺Ĳý̫ҽ𣿡
ܹһ
ñϾǸҹ㣬ֶȻݣȴûʲôҵҩֻЩҩ
ֻ϶˺ʰС˽飬ҩضԳ֡
Ҳ벻ҩջõܹϣԼһգΣˮһʱ
Сҹ޶ѾΪ棬ȴòУЩҹý˼ȥˡ
ڶգ̫屧ȥ糯Сһıܹ磬ϴٶûᣬ㼱Ҵұȥ޵
䣬Ǯһ͸˱ĵשϡ
ܹ˼ۣ޵Ŵ򿪣Сȥ
ǸһԵĿģʧĸɸɾƺҹ鶯ܹĴ
ǸŵȻ̫ӣһ۶ңɼ
С˭Ҳ֪
ܹ񱳹ȥ˸磬СĿ
ˣ
š
ܹЩ룬뽫ԼĲС
ͺ类һ𣬻·ϣһôȥ׽飡±ضйء
š˵űȥЩ졣Ѿˣã˶Ѵã
Сص֮ǰܹŭӡܹᷢʵһټ£ʵೣ˻£ܹ϶ϡ档ùؾأʮȫʮȱ㶼ҡ
ҲˣҹΪնѹ֣й˲²ǲСˡ
ΪƽϢҹС˾˳
֪δã˼һҡҡͷ޸㣬ϲҪûңҲδֵʵĪ
ЩϣŽõıУ޹ǣǳ˲ӣǰ̶£ƽȾһࡣ
ܹһۣ˵ףֶηǣ
Сѹĵ׵ĻԼƽûܾˡּıԸŮӣʵǶġˣҲǡ
ܹһۣƺڲֽ顣
ܹЦ֪㲻ôȻͬ˼ǣ㲻һǸɾġ
ϣСԶɾһ۵ࡣֻһ죬ѻҳϡ
ʲôģСܹ
ЦЦӦҲôá
СˣСֹһ䣺ȷʵôá
ܹҡͷ̾Ϣһʧ˵ѹ㶼ϲҡ
䣬͵شһ硣
Сŵ׼ȥ齱һʵۡ
ܹͻȻʲôɫһҪס
Сȵȣˣ
Сδߵ齱߱ͣ˽Ųüϵķɫȹӡ
ܹȥߣȴСۼֿ콫ȹӳ˳
ҷ۵ȹӣ滹Լİƣ;µĺĻ壬Լһīա
һһģһȹӣܹ͸ģȻǵʮ뾭ԺŴʱѧֹܲסīõϲȹϣΪϴɾܹһһģһ͸
СɻһΪˣôţ
˵ͷŪһȹӣȻҷ۵ϣƳ˳īա
ֵؿһۣҪȥȻܹ߬ס֡
ȵȣ𡭡
ܹĿգ֪ʱȾ˲ư糺죬ӵҪѪ
Сһ£㷴Ӧʲôͬһı顣
ſڣͫһ˲죬ͬһ߰㣬˦ַɿؽȹӶڵϡ
ܹ֪һΣ鵽ҿı顣
Сյһ䣬ٶ࿴ϵȹӣǿۣٿҪϹˡ
ܹҲһѿǿΪԼ⣺Ҳ֮١

ҹ⣬ղ
޳ܣ
úúã                        
лҪ˵ʵͦģܹ˰ĽкĳݡСϲżһ
żȢµһ˲ŮOKȢһõŮ̺ڻ

 89 


ʰ뾩, ûбʲôֻԽСպĴ, ʼ, ؾҲǼ¡
ûлؾ, Ͳ̫, ҲһҪ˰Ůѧ, ˵ķڮ, Ӧûֻ, ÿȥĶ֡ıƣǲйصġ
ݳ˿˿ƵزôҲҲһڡ
Ѻ¥ͺʰһͬ뿪ǣʰг, С¡
¥ǣ, ϵײ, Ķ
ڵС
ʰЦô, Ҫοң
һû
ʰϰ⸱ģ, ɳ, ־壬ֻԼ۾Ϳ¥, ǹкͿ־塣
¥̾ͻһ飬˵ôû
ûôŤŮˡʰ૵
˵ˡ
ȣ˵˵˵㼱ʲôʰֻ̾뵽յ¡ҾǺС̫ģʵЩû˵СԼҲ˽֪λ̫ӵ£Сܾǰϲˡҵһμڶĵƻϣִ̫ǰ߹
˵ʱ¥ȻŤͷΪͬؿ
Ҳ˵ˣ
¥ñ飬ջһĿ⡣
ʰЩʲôҵһμС;ǸƯ˵ϲС뾩ʱѩʱͻ
ҲܲҪʱ
ԶһĻСյǺɫѩﻹۣѩһ㣬ҲԼ¶ϵɫںôˡʱ䣬ɫ׵࣬Ҳ΢׵ƿһҪ˰㡣ҵʱ룬ôÿСô˰ڱѩﲻܣȥˣ
¥ʣǽ˶
ʰҡͷ˵̫ӵ²Ҫ
¥ԣȻҲüǲ⡣Ϊ̫ӵ¶
һ뵽ЩЩꡣֻҪСܹÿģҲûʲô˵ġԵֲҲ˳ǣû޸̫ӣ˼ˣպ̫ٻסô죿ڹҪǹòãҴİ
ľѳۣ㲻̫ӣҲ
*
õΪܹûŻʺ
һʼãΪ֪鶮񣬻ǻʺĸˣմ״ʵĸЩӺСȴǴ˻ʺļɻ䡣ԹǶׯ֮м£ֲҪıģͻݹҲԶˡ
һŹŮ˵ֶ˴ﻹ̫ӵĺԺ
չԼˣʺЩ棬˱ˡܹ񲻿ϣ߻ʺ޷Ǹһ׼һԣȥҡ̰˽׵ģһһ˳
̫ӶԻʺĸ嶯֣ȻҪǣ¼ľ˸飬ʺŭɶ
ϱ˵һ̫ӾĴʵȥˡ
̫ôڣʼûҹףɼֶεǿӲһ֮Уʲô˵ġ
ڽ޷ƽϢ
õŮݹ֪£Ϊ˸˸ͷʮ塣һʵȥʻݹ㱻ܹһ飬ڵϷ޷˼
һУ˵ҲΪ˺޲ýƤΪ˵
ܹһʱ䣬ԼĴԸժ˸ɾ
ɱҵ⵹ִ֪ס׮׮°ڳֶοɼһߡƲºмĺﲻһζˡ
ʺĸ屻Ȩȥ˼ΣܹۿţҲôᣬֹˣ˵ĸӦ˸ǽһģܸҪϰߣһֱǵϲð£Ǩ͡
ӣˣ̫֮λ˭һ̧˭ĺܣжĥɱ¿
ܹ񽫱ʸһԣƽؿ䵭Ρ
ʺһ٣ɴЩԼġ
ʲô˼
ĸΪʲôˣܹţеǺ𣿡
ʲôˣҲǺܻˡ
ʺǵһ̵ܹܽˡ֪Ǵʲôʱʼǰô˳ӣʼΥ
һֱǾýԼĶĺܺãһ˫Ļӣ˭Ľܹء
Լĸ壬һֱ뽫Ϊ̫ӣĲ·áô͡ͳ˽ģ
գ㲻֪ж˸Ƕ𱨣ʺ٣ؿھҵš޴ĲͷŭʹĿЩ
ܹԵЩ²ؼҲǲ̲ġ˸ӣˣ̸顣Ƕ𱨣Σ
ҲǸԼ£ȥ˳
ʺΪܹǹ飬ζԼļ˶֡û뵽ǣܹ£û١⡱ˡΪ⣬СһˣǰҲͲ
̫ӣҲΪ˽ɽ𢣬ֻΪѾϰãû鷳
鷳˶ѡ
*
黹мյʱСص˽
ǽС㣬Ҫ㡣
̫Ӵ飬Ȼͷȴ£ǰͿʼá
иһŮ⣬¶Ҫġ
ڴ֮ǰСܹڲ
ţûĸΪ˵Щ뷿ˡ˱ȥ˽һֱΪٰ¡
õĽΪСĻҲ˺ɫ
ԷĳѾȥľ賤޼һƬ
˺Ҳ˰СĻţչ͸һؽǮƵĹߡ
ʵĹģСüۣͷŽĻ˿к£˿Ĺ
֪ԶԶؿפ㲻ǰĲӰãȻ榡
ǰ榲뽪ʱԷ͸Բܣһֻлϲ˵ؿտ١
ٳ԰˳ȡ
СҲҪˡ
Ƭ̺Сע⵽Ŀ֪ȥּæŲۣ˲뿪ˡ
׵ͷ鸡ĽŲʹıӰ˲ϣѾǸηȨģ
ѡõգպǻڡ
ͷȥ˽ϲ˰ꡣܹӼС׼СûҪ˼Ϊһϲ
ЩĽ࣬˵һδôصϲ̫ųȻͬ
Сͷ۵˵ƽɻ飬˷Ҫ޵̫ӣǸ鷳ˣ˵Ҫ죬ô˿ţ˴Ǻܶˣ
οҵʱҲôģҹöҪ˯ˣɻǺúõģҲûʲô̫Ӵ飬Ѿȥ෱ȽڣںŮ϶òˣҲû˸ұ̫ӵױʫû˸ȥֵ¶˵Բԣ
СǷؿЩӲӵڣ˵ɻҪþã㿴ǸôأȴҪͷϣһʱӶҪˡ
ԴидĿⶼͬ顣⵹ǣڿģÿǺÿ˵㡣ɼ¶ϲ˼Ľ
˵˶٣΢΢һ䡣
С̫ӵ¡ûУ
ʲôСûĻʲôûУ
Сڶסһʱղ˵ܹʱҲֲ˲Ϊˡ
Ҳųɻ鲻ãЩ£϶ڷȡ˵̫ӵû㣿
һڷشĺܿ졣ûС
ԣսС˵֪ô𣿡
ǰ¶Ĵҹ㣬׾ͱ˸ӣСҲû뵽Իؿ㡭
ӵؿԼյһ£˵һǵẦ¡Ҳͦ˵ġ
Сһ˵Ҵǰһ׫¼ЩȻ֪ģӱȽϿ£ҪҿԽ㡣
ֵ˲ˡԼԾ֪ˡ
Ϊʲô£ƽ𣿡
εҲǣף
С֪ͻȻ׷ʵôˣ𣿡
ǺƲѹģҲ˵Щˡ                        
лҪ˵СֻҪҲΣεľǱ


 90 

˵⼸, Сܹǲģɾڴǰһ, ܹ˱, Լڽĺż
Сȥʱ, ۴ྭ, ˽Ŀб, ˴û˵һ仰
СԶ, ۿӰҪʧеתʱ, ۻͷһۡһ˫Ƶ޹⣬Ұܵϣ
ĺӳͫ޵һŻ𣬽ĵײ֮ڿڵ, ȫճɻҽ
ûд, ҲûǴ
Сͣ, ɻʰܾ粻Լڴ˴𣿡
ϴߵ죬СϲܹȥҪ, ˿ڵܴ򿪡
ԼҼ棬ֲϼΪʲô
ܹЦһ, ǲ, ǲܡվܼˣαļǰ治ỵ˹, ˵Ҫסգܳþá
С֮䣬ĳþã˵˰ˡ
СҲûзʲôȥˣ˵ҲļͲ
ļֵܹ˵Լ⣬һһ䶼䲻ܼҲãӦ㻵˹ذɡ
С÷ɿ죬Űϣŷ͸ĵһƮƮվܼˡ
Ǽ¿ɻϲԹ𣿡
ԹˣҺϲ̫ˡڣҵĲӶҪѹˡС˵£д˼Թһ뵽ҪЩʱ;ͷۡ
ܹµôԹοѾùЩˣû뵽Ů򵥵ķ٣нȡ£ʱٴáȥһֲҪҲЩۣȥЪϢ
ԭȥݶû𣿡
Щ񱾾ͲҪȻȥ
ܹ˵ףСҲ档ⲻ֪֮ǰΪ̣񲿵ĳ˽£첱Ӵ֣޷ʹҡеһ񲿵˲ײǡ
ܹɻ£Ը˵ɼҲΪ
ٴϲȴԼѡ񡣼Ȼ֪Լģûʲôóϵġ˻һҪԼЩź
磬Ҿͼ޸ˡ
źŰ壬ȥϸȴǱ׽ˡ
̧ܹ֣Ħϰ߲ĺᣬܴźС
ҡ
*
֮ʱС¼ĽŸС
ǰ˵һ£еķˡ
»󣬲Ķ·ʱܸеءƽɵڳصѹţҡ߶Ĳӣײ
Ļڣ̫Ӵķͷ˹ȥ
ʮﳤֵĺ죬ӭ׶һͷ
񳯵Ĺأ޶ڻƻ衣
Сһնڱ˰ױ£ϸϸװãΧŮ߶ͣػؼҪλۡ
̫ණµȢףСֻһ뼦˿ࡣ
֣ʱ򣬰ܾæӵݸֲųȥ
¸棬ҪȰݹãйȡ¡
Сһ޺ļ£˵ĻȲУ߹ܵĳȣеĺʢӰ涣һ£תƮļ緢ϡ
λ˫̫ӵ£ֺȻһЦķˣ˵Ĵɫ
ƳһĻˣ¶Ȼ
ΪֵܣҪС
ʹиңҲҪάס顣
ܹ򽪳۵ԵЩΣգĶֻҪа㲻壬˽գҪ˽۵
۷СʱֻҷסֱۣĿϼļ¡
СͷʱҡζմϵĺĻӷ£䵽˽۵ı
΢ĬصֱۻСĵ΢̧ţת˿󣬲仨߬
ڣŮӻͻ˻ˣþá
ǻǽС׵ӣþõܹ
ӭ׵Ķһֱ˻ʹ·رأԷ;˲
ܹ˵˴ϵ£治ƭ
ժڣȥʱҪҲûժųǿЪϢ
Ϊ̫࣬һб붫ʱ򣬻ЩججĲʵС
ʹĲȴһжġܹأΪ̫еķˡ
˵Ļܹй񣬻Ҫ˵һεףʣСü޲̽ͷϳصķȡ¡
ܹĲʣһԵ˵Щ˰ɡ
ŮܹˣȻҲĻ˳ӵشһ˵ȳȥˡ
Ϊ̫ӣҲҪͣСҪٵȴá
ʱɫѰ˴գƣѡ
ܹΪȡ·ڣСĵҡסķ˿˵һЩţʵ˱ЪϢ
Сھǰص˵ͷ
ܹƤ̧ˣЦô𣿡
˵ЩʲôİͿʼ
ȥɡ
ߺСſϢŮŲŽѡ
ܹ޵ൽһ˿ģϲϲ쵽òӦ
ܾ̺һԣСĺö˰һֱԼ᲻ĸ裬ԭѵġҪţ̧Ųܷ¾ͺۣҲòУԭǼô鷳¡
̫𣿡
ƺ΢΢һ㶣ЩȻˡҲǡ
ùźСҲɢ˴룬˱ˮϴ
˼ܹҪãԹԵϴѡŮܹԸҲûֹ
ܹûе̫ãȻطʱС˯ˡ
͵ıһţ¶ԣ˿ҵ̿ƣֶĿޡ
ܹϣؿΣúָա
˯СպȻָüСһ䡣
עЦһҲٶŪˣ˱ˮϴ
˼յһ֧ϲĬĬȼţԾҲֻ֮أ޵ǻ谵ʲô
ˣҹСԺȫȻԼܹ£ΪԼķ䣬˯ĵƿ׼´齺ˮذˣžֵصɴۣ֪ؽסӡ
ܹΪ⣬ԴɤųѵɳƣʵҪˮ
С˵ͷܹȥ˲ݸ̫ٺЩĿȡȲ
һں󣬵µʱôҲ˯ˣܹ񷢴ǰҲûк˯һζ˯ˣʲôҲ֪ظ֪ܹһԣڶ࣬ʵ޷ߡ
СսսţҲҶˣԼһ͸һ
˺ƽȣ˯ˡ
Ҫ꣬ȴܹ䲻
̾˿ԴΡСѹͷˡ
Сǽһ߶㣬һק
űܸܵ˴˵ȶȡ
ܹоӱˣȤ˯ţҪҪԣ
С˵㷭ѹס
ȥʱûƾܡ
˿š
ڼžҹЩԵ졣
С΢ͷ׵Ĳ£һƬѩ׵ļ
ܹҧļ羱һƬۡ
˿ɨ¶ļһ|СܲˣȻе㺦¡
ܹͣ£΢ҡ˵أ
Ҿû㡭
˵ȥץܹ֡
ܹһЦһ㣬Ҳֵ̫ġ
ƽִʵ޳ָڽ´Ҳʮ䣬ֶСҿһֱ꣬ס
ܹ£һպָһŻƵġ
Сɤÿһϸ|ܹԣĶ|ҩ
ϸһԵĻȡһҡԼռӰ
΢ãСһοڿҪˮܹͣЩ
׽ΪʲôҪ˵ˣԭ˼
Ҫ˵ˡҲȷʵͦ˵ģ˵ĲԶˣȻҪۼΪʵ
ɫʱܹΪС˳ӣۣŪˡ
ܹһ£ۣ
Ҫ˵£ܹѾڼƣϤչĸܣÿζע⵽ı飬ܸ|䡣ΣҲԿصʱ򣬻ǽڵ˺ߺᡣ
С˵ʱɤӻЩơ㲻Ҫ˵ˡ
ۼ˯һƬȣһ롣
á
Сʱ򣬱Ϊܹ뿪ˣȻȴһЩ춯۾ҪŤͷ
ȱ𶯡ܹӡ
СĿȥܹһͷı˸ӵıӡ
࣬ôһ̫ӻѧֶ
ôӣ
ܹǰݹúÿˣþ֮ǰΪһˡ
þ֮ǰǶãǲ壬Ӧˡ
Сգգۣ˵ãڿԸұͷˡ
ܹһĨЦ⡣
ǰá                        
лҪ˵ʱһλΪ˵ĽſŵĲ·

 91 

̫», ϳܹҲֵڵС
ҹСڵþƣ, ܹ, ˲ٺۼ, ЩĿġ
Ůҹϴˮ, ܹĵΪС, ǿ߳ĲϿ, Ҳ
Ҳʰ˸ɾ, Ϊøɾ£Ű˯
С糿ѹŤĲԸ˵
ܹҲزסϲãƺһУΪСˡ
¶Ȥ£ҪΪ, Ϊϵÿһ´
ָĳЩλ, С̺׽סֵ֡
̧ܹ, ЦЦôˣ
Ǹ飬ͺ˵ʲôҲû, ˡѣʵˡ
Ϊõ, ܹ, ͻʺַСڻʺǴȻҲϲҲûҪϸȥԼ鷳ֻҪԼ̫ż̫ӳϯһЩ, Ƕġ
»ڶգ˺
һ֧ɵӣֻ
С˶ĳƽվ˯߮ΪžĳЩɫʡ
ճɻ̫ҪһһݼģȻ̫ţ̫Ҳƹŷϲ˴ţʺ󲻸ӲֲںЩܹ˵󣬱Ҳû·ϡ
ܹ磬Ϊ˷٣˵պ󶫹ʲôԣķܴãɲʹҡ
СҡͷЩҲܡĸ˵µɳˣЩҲܡ
˵ЩֻڣѾŲˣʲôǶ˵
*
˺ͽأܹС飬һЩ˺ϻݡ
С̫ҲûйıҪ
˶ԣ̫ʮûдڸСڶΪĵĿƺһζ
ѷ֣ص̫ӣƺûôڷˡʷǰسϳٵ£һֻ۱һֻۣҲˡԴ²иʲôûгֻǱȽ̫ÿȥµĳܸ̫ܵӵЦ£ʮĲͷ
Сǰһ̫ϵʱʱһύŮ
ûа㵱̫Ծڹ￴Ȳ裬ֻݶ㣬żҪһΪ̫ӡ
ٿ÷ïŵ޽Щҵ֦΢ϣ˶ԵøͣɫУǻеò֡
ŮˤΧһսսؿţȰ̫Ҫūɣ˵ˣǱ߶Ҳý
Сüֲǲģʲô˵ģǰҲֹܶ໨ժӡû˶ֻܿ飬ǶȤ
һ˵ɫ죬׷̾
Сֿʼ˵ǰ㣬ҲģǺңҲôҲһѵˣֲǺӣ
ʱܾһŷš
̫дš
СӹţοЦЦһֲʶܸдˡ
Ȼʲôһͣʰܾҩûˣ
Ѿʣ޼ִ˵һ
Ҫڻش𣬱һʲôûˣ
ܹ֪ʱģϵĳδ£Ȼ
ؿСʵִ𣿡
һѧšСشǰ˪Ϊұ˵ӵҩҪˡ
ܹ߽ǣ֣˵дҩˣαػҪһ٣̫ҽԺҩܱǴȫ
СЦЦ⣬Ҳϰˣ̫ҽҩȣҶҲʲô£ҲϤҵӡ
չ⽥ʢܹ˲ΪסƬĹߡСһ£漴ЦҲҪⲻҪһܵס
ܹ֣ߡպҪ羰̫ҽ˵ˣ⼸껹δָãҪи
֪
ɨϵһۣСⰵ˰˵Ҫһˡ
ȥ𣿡
ҪȥԺûлȥŽʱЩҲȥ
ܹ˼ص˵ͷƬ̺˵ȥɺã
ң£ʱʹָ˵ˡ
űϣܹס˴֪ʱƾε½󴦣ɫɫȴֵ̽ȥ
΢Ķ紺ӹ棬
ܹȥǸŮɫ˾ӣ׺ᵽ˴µȤԼʳ֪ζҲ͸ƺòľ
Сܹͷˮһѵļ紭ϢҧԼ־ܹĿò
㡭ǰ
ܹĥˣдŰζ
ḷ́ʹ࣬졣
˵Ļ׳ϲ㣬αػҪҹûµġ
СŲ˫һ
ܹβΪ鶯𪽥ҲȾ˲΢죬ο˵֬
СһЩ
СܹЦһ΢΢ƺһֻùԹЭɤ΢ţϸᣬϧ
񡭡硭
±ϺСߵıܹڻ
գȥòã
С۵ò˵̧̧ۣӦˡ
ܹЦһøЩˣҰϴ

ûµģұ֤ʲô
ϴˮֻһΣףܹĻȻš
*
ѧ֪С̫ģֻһҡ
ڷܣŬּ͡
ҵĸĸ¥СһЩѣȥԼֵܡ¥õĶǮƣҲǡȻصԺҵĸĸ֪£ֿʼԸˡ
¥ΪǮȴСˣԺ²Ǯ
ҵĵֶ̰񶾣թʱѩ䣬뽫ԼŮһΣŴɧŲ˵ƻԺ
˳ܹ˵ĸңҲС޿̵س㽫Լĵߡ
Сֱ֪˰Ƕźɭɭ̾ߺǽϵѪԼʱʱİºٷųĶˣҲûҳڸǰ
ҰѪĵԺڷܣǶСԽм˵䲻á
СصԺʱڰ˪ɹҩǰɲһ壬ľ飬ĸȣ˵ʱﶼŹ⡣
ˣһСЦݵϵĻҳȹϲ˲䣬ӹСеİ
ǸһЩ·Сһֹ㳤úÿ죬ҪҸˡ
Цȵãòζÿ
ұȴǰÿ࣬ٳܼ˵صҲҪصجһĹ˰ͬƷһȥ
ʶ֣ѧ˱ҩҲܱ¼򵥵ҩܿһЩ򵥵Ĳ֢Ұܵս˹⣬Ҳ·
ڶÿɺãЩ˻᲻ദЩҲʱСĴǰܿСϲ̫ӵ³֣޸һֱΪ̫ǿС޸ġ
˶ĽС޸̫ӣΪĸȴִغǿСҲܺã̫ȢСĸ
С߱߻شĻǰ̸Ȥµı飬ʱɫʵڳƲϸˡ
ãҲദֻЩȤԵĵҲ̫ѹ
һڶӣֻһͰˣҪܹһޣ֮ϵĸλǲȤ˿Ϊʺôöദ
ԺҲȻʺõõȥķǽԺ޾ͷĶ
ǲǴӽ뿪ֵһȽһЩ
סʳѪĵطϲ̫ͬ
˪Сʱ򣬲û¶ı飬ֻζ˵һ䣺һˣȴû뵽ô磬̫ӵ²ûסЩ֪ƣôҩ
С˪ӡ
˪ʣ̫ӹʢΣɻ
ʹǰδʲôͬ
Сӣһˣȥҩ׼á
˪̾ǲ⣺Ȼ̫ӵ´ܺãΪηҪֶ̫Ҫõġ˺Ҳи̣仹Сȶ˶Ӳãķӱһܲ𣿡
СΪķףȻҪ㲻һ˿ܡҶԣʲô̡
ûĸ׵ͷҲû׼Ӷ˵ֻۡ
֥ȥʱ˺þãҹѹӻΪߣ᲻ϲʳļᶨ޷˵뿪
˪СΪʲôô룬ֻ˵ĲģҩȶպУ
˪һ˿ҡȴֺܿ첻ҿԳܡ
˵ݶˣ˪Ҳ໰ᣬԲȰһ䡰̫ӵҲֿġˡ
СװûȫȻᡣ
ʱѩӦѧСҲ˪Ϊ׼õҩûжʲôֻ˵֪𣿡
Сҡͷ
ʱѩʱǰЦģ࣬Сһʱ˾ҲиС
Ӧ֪
С񵭵ģӲ˽£ӣδزҡ
ĻʵѰζʱѩȻЦˡ
Ϊϲ
Сգգֺۣ档ҵȷϲ̫ӣֻǲˡ
ӣ˺һԸᡣ
СܹΪˣܹҲ֪һС
²յպôҵĺ
ˡ
Сʱѩݱ
ܹȥʱҲֱϻһ磬߽㽫Ϊϡ
ҹ꣬糿˵ഩЩԲãȴû𱸵˼
Ϻ󣬻ǽЩָǣյȡ                        
лҪ˵ԻȽæո·

 92 

ٿ÷ï, ɫܳ׹ţҡĳ, Եʮ¡
ΪŽȤ, ںԺֻ, ˸١
һֱٵĻ佥ϡ, ԽĿʱ, ҲҪˡ
ʺܹϵԽԽ, СҲ˳ۡݹȴ˶ϲ, ʱʱýСһȥȲ衣СȥˣҪʺԶֻҽѡһصģݹҲû¡
ܹѡ̫ãΪɼҵĲ, ǣ, ֪, ʼûжʹ, ίĺͻ¡ҲȰܹûʹҡ, », ҲͲٶ˵
Ϊ£ܹڳУ, һ鰮ִҵˡ
ܹԼѾںЩˣǰ˵Ļһһ۹ؾأûʲô©֪Ӻʱ˵Ȱ˵̸еֻᷳһУЩûû˵ָ㣬˵ķꡣ
ȣǵĹٷҲᱡĳȥ괺ǵİǽ˼֮һλͬɣҲһͬˣھıһ߲ɵͲ͵Ĺְ
ȻλԼûʲôȴȥ궬˹潭˼һǨˡ
ɾһ£޲Ŀࡣ
λˣʵ
С֪µʱѾѺ
ܹ鷿£һʱ˲뿪
Сűȥܹʱ鰸ǰüģȥЩˡ
ǿЦЦ˳ӣԼߡ
˵ѣʣģ
԰
ܹ񽫵ƣɫ˵ˣ㲻ܳЩӲá
ͳһ㣬ˡС·ϣ˵Ҳûʲôڸĵ˼
ɫ΢ЩԼӣΪξǲҲСˣҲġ
˵㺰˰ܾһպ̫
û˵꣬ע⵽ԵСͷѹüͣʣĻȻֹˡ
ܹͣƬ̣ϻмֻҡ
С
ͷĬֻ߬һݵļȻ˲ȥˡ
ܹȥҪߣҲһۡ
һȣҪˡ
ץס˵Ļŭסָһ
ָЩСҲͲٶˡ
ܹΪҪ侲ú˵ȴ˳
С̧΢ۣ˵ſ
ܹһ£æɿ֣ҵʵôˣҲҪ㣬ֻ̫ҽ˵ˡ
ָᣬˮȴͣ
ҪݡҲҪȥСҭͣ϶˵Щ޵ÿί
ܹţź󱳰οͣҲǲԣ̫ҽ˵Ҫ䣬ÿ¶ḹʹҲˣʱ۵óҹô죿ҲãЩˣξͲҪҼƽˡ
СһҲȶſͷģ̲סίĿǻδȥҾͳ
ܹЩصǸǸ
Ҫ˵ҲãҲҲáСľί
ֻܹѣҪ˵á
ûʲôϲ̫ʵǲġܹͺܶ˶ãΨվλãö˱Ｅżߵ԰ͻЩԼۡ
˵ǲӣǸɫһǴĲݰܹ巳ʱˣиʵ̫
˵ҲʵȷҪ뿪ģҲƲɱ˵ǻѹ
ֲ̫Ҫģ֪Լ̫̫֮λҲġ
ܹ˵ʲôеθˡܺãҲԡ
СڻһƵģ˵ǲҲˣҺܷһҲûС
ܹεЦ⣬ķ˵ҪϹ룬ϲ㣬δ˵ĻֻԼ˵Ĳ㡣
ľӰ͸£չ߲שʯϡ
СᱡӳգԼܿɴµ
ܹɫ˰ḧıζʵҪϴ𣿡
Сʱ뵽˱𴦣ɫһҪƿ
ܹЦ˵Цģôˣ
㲻֪߳ܣ
Цˣҵ½˵ˣͺãԺҪȥһ˵ΣλˣЩ㡣
ˣСüɻ׼δ
δãȼ˵۾֮δŮӣȴʵҲгΪ˵飬²׶ۡ
ܺһȥ𣿡ûסһ䡣
ܹתֵؿ
Ҿ
˼Ƭ̣˵βʲôõطܻŵ㣬Ҫȥ𣿡
Ҫȥ
֣ܹҲȰ衣
ﲻ˶֪λ̫Ӳã䲻ܴ磬̫ҲУһ˳ɡ̾뵽
ֻһϸɡ֮˾̫ӵ£ַ׷׹ݣһ仰ҲҶ˵ˡ
С΢ۣŴսߣС˵ǲҿˡ
ܹһЦ˵ãһ˿
գ̤ڣƺһɺѪȺʪùζСĽŲһ£ܹ˵ȥЪϢʲô˵ǣ˵
ҡҡͷǰߡֻûǺ¡ûʲôúµġ
ɽɱһˣֿõһֱҲûͻһ뵽ЩºҲôˡ
л࣬ѺĶҪ˻ǳͷܹ̫ӳ˼ҵġ߽ϳܹ˹ģĿбӵԹǡ
ϵĹٷº󣬴ؾԲ۾ͱѺΪǴΨһһŮӣΧﷸҲʱʱƣ۲
ܹ˼ˣΪһηܶûˣҲ徲
ܹС࣬Ҳһ˿ľţǸѺķˣǸƶ
ɡ
л̫ӵ£̫
ֱźͶ˶ӡ
Сһž̾ø߰Ҳܺÿ
ŮȴӣüӢΣ磬ȷʵۡ
Цһ£Ӻÿˡ̫ˡ
ܹȻ֪ŮӣС۷ĶлǾñŤ˵˵¡
ʡ
ڵذӣܹСʡܹʻʱСҲؿ
ҲΪٰ̫ãһһоֹûаŮһӡȷʵûкᣬǰԼĻȣĺѱ˿
ĸ׳ٻ֮ң̰ײһܵܣ֣ҲܵܵġݣٰӲ뿼ԣһֱԣȥΪҷ˰𣿡
죬ҵ΢׵ܸȾ纮ĸòҩǮܵزۺΪĸС۰ĸ׶Դ󣬴Ӵ˱־壬ܽ΢ܵܡ΢㴩·֣һֱ񡣡
СסˣôҲû뵽龹Ȼģıأǰʲô֣
΢ԭԸ
ǡԸôأ
㶣Ȼû뵽ע⣬ϵЩӣЦǿżֿɬȻǡȥȻǡԸˡ
ܹ񿴵Сı飬Ҳ˼ʵɸģ
ҡͷ΢ȴˡԸݣԼ
ĸһֱΪȥ㣬оòƽ
ĬƬ̺󣬴΢ȷеҲԹ޹ĸ׵ƫģɵһţеҲǡҡҲ޷һݣȻʧȥɼٰȴҵõ˸࣬˸ΪأѡһжġԸ޷õģһΣһǻѡΪ˵ĲֻŮ޷ˣĲõģáõģܡ
˵̧ۿܹ񡣼ᶨһƬ
ܹƳһۣѾΪҷ˰ҲõΪ񣬿вƽ
񡣡΢л²ɱ֮
СվߵǰʵûŮ֮볯Ϊ𣿻ֻΪ
£ϼۡ
ӵݣߵ޷ĸ߶ȣ˴޷ʶľɫҪ䳾࣬ӴΪƽӹһ־ѴȻǲĵġ
СĿϣںڵڵĹ˸ηļľ׮ӣʮֽ˵Слǲε͡
ܹĬؿһСӣԼߣһȻõۣôʲô
ɫ΢æ΢ʧˡ
ܹһʵ±ķҪãϣҪŮ֮Ϊ٣۰Σʸ֮ģܵżۣݺʤ
Щŵָۣæлûгֹԥɫ΢л³ȫպԵǣЧڵ¡
ܹ˵ͷСתȥ
ԶСȻ볯Ϊ٣
ܹü㲻ô𣿡
Сǰ಻סĵľȡû뵽Ļô
Ϊ٣ôģܹкȻЩˡϲ
ͷܹɫֳ
*
ûбֻǱ˹ְһڳ޲Ȼ׷ܹ˾ٺͿ
ǰҲйŮΪ٣ȴְȻҪۡ
Ϻ̸ܹ˰ʱ˵Ҳٹ¡˹͵ˣǲڮ
ܹҲںô˵ֻĳһգ˳ΪСŮѧΥ׳ʹ̫Դ䣬һɺͿ£Ҫ̫
ܹĬ˵İ첻õ
ɵĺܺãǸܹڳϺسĳӣ޲ײԾ
ȵգĺɻʢʺЩ˽СΪ̫Ѿ˵ȥˣֻû˶ׯ׼ǰȥüͽ˼ܹ鷿
ֳˣ
С񣬿ȹЦս绨̲סƿĿ⡣
СЦһμ˴ŮӵѣǺܺÿ
ӣΪŮӣҲؾ򵥵İƣ廨ҲʵװҲ޷ɸʱֿ֪Ů֮ϳõˡ
ȷӣ鷳ǰʮֹٲݣĻš
л̫ޡСЦһ£ɫ΢죬ֲһ䣺̫Ҳʮֺÿ
˵꣬쬵ؿڣ𣿡
ܹһ˵ȵĿƴһҲ֪ô˵Ǻˡ
֪ؿ˽˼һۣ˼ЩЦ˵ȻˣҺˡ
ܹƲһۣ˼Զ
ԺСԶһ㡣

 93 


ȻǰйŮ˵, Ůװ޼Ů, ˲С˻, ̫ӵɫ, 
˵, ܹЦˡ
ɫ, ҲС
вŻ, ֻǵһƷС, ɤڹΪŮͬųЦڿࡣ¹Ź֣ȾƲ˽ޣȥ̻Ѱ֣˽˵ЩĵĻ绰, ҲֻĬЦЦ, ӲӦ͡ö֮, ΧҲ̫࣬
˭, ô˳ЦС, ʵǸŮ, ǸÿŮˡ
Щѵˣ᲻ɹ˼ɵЩǣ̫ӵķԷ, ҲҶ̫Ρ
˼ʵҲ޳Ů볯Ϊ٣ΪһͬμӴǿԣĲʶȻ˸ֻ֪볯ʵǻ𱾲Ҫ鷳ظŰĹԱȱȽǣŮӵԷڣҲ¶ˡ
ܹˣֻŶ໤һЩ
ѡֻһֵԭ
ǰܹ񣬶ȻǲŮΪ١С֪¼ޣҲδҪԼġ
ЩϳѲŰ̲Ͻı仯Ƕ̫硣
վȢ˵û꣬ΪЩҲùе̫ӵĺԺ
Ů볯Ȼ󲨣ǰ䣬ԼЩٻ֮ҵĺԺ
޴˾ٵ˱ϾС˻Ϊ̫»ƣһжΪС𡣻ʺСýͲΪ̫ѡһ֪鶮淡С붼룬֪һͬⲻ˱ڿġܹ֪£ðܾñȥ
԰һϴˮ鿣ʺǴ磬Щ빬
ձˮܵסɴ᣽Ӭ⡣ˮĽǷõĸͭװ˱ɹִȻӶ˿˿Ƶĺ
С߽˵۹ϡ
ʺƳһۣ񣬱˵٣Ͻ¡
͵͵С֣СһҪȥȴʺһסˡ
̫
С㬵ջĿ⣬Թߵʺߵλ¡
Զķ СغԱߵĸ˵ʲôĿӹС
˵ĴвʣֻܵͷẒ́ԼЩĿ⡣
ʺͷɵɵģи˼ֲͣҲίֱ˵̫æΪ̫Ӧ£Ϊġ񣬱Ҳպ˻ʺƹָΣ
⻰˽˵ҲʲôʱϾڳʺֱڸѿ˶ְ֪̫
ЩŵؿСҡӵֶͣסˣСͷ۸ģиǲ̡
СͷѵҲôʲôˡЩ뽿С㣬Ȼ⼸ȻҪ˵
ĸ˵ǣպضԼúѧβٳֹ񡣡ʺ˵ʲôҲûҪĴҲ̫࣬̾͹ȥˡ
ʺƳһۣҲû˵òã㿴һߵķǡбһλȹС㣬δŮӵķ٣شţҲûע⵽ʺĿͣԼϡ
˼Ҳü˰ɡʺ󻺻תλ˼Сʱɫࡣ
һ⻰ʱüһ̧ͷǸ˼ֿһνС
½˼æ񣬻صСŮһ¾Ǽˡ
ʺϵЦŨʣǵ㻹δ˼ҡ
СߣȻܵĿǼѹţϢܣĬĬ𻰵ĸŮ
½˼ĸæһϲɫػ˼Сδء
˼Ǳųģʱ㻹Сû뵽ˣССһڹ̫ӱ߲·޿׷Ҫǡ񳤴󷴶ԶˣҲ׽ˡ
·ЦŻػʱ򣬲͵͵С顣
ʼɫĮȻ˵½˼̫ҪǴϳֹһ˿Ȼް㶯ݣе߷߶ûС
½˼ƳСһۣæֵͷ
ʱƺҪˣƱգڵˮб΢滺ȡ
ʺλҲ㣬һͬȥͺɡ
Сϰϰȴɢͷλõ߽ʺСһۣҲ˵̫ҲǴˣĪҪСƵġ̫ӵǽľ֮ȻҪ֦ɢҶáӣҪԼҷһΪءȢ檿νƽˣοǵ£̫ҪȲǣΪ̫ѡׯĲҲ̫ı֡
ʺֻؿСһۣû˵ʲôƺԼ̫ܶ˵̣üж˼ֵ⡣
С̫ʺ⣬˵˵̫䲻ãʺĬҲ͸ΣŽԼŮͽ
СĬƬ̣̲ס¶һ˿⣬ʵȢ檣ҲӦ𣿷ΪӦȣܲԸԲԣ
Ȼǡ
Сͬصͷ֮
СͬԼĻǸиˣһԼҶϱ˵̵Ʊ̫Ǹ߸ϵǸ
ڳرߵСãȵʺС뿪
С
С߽ߵŮһõѹ˵ʺô˵ҲͰˣµļλǶൽ̫ᷳӵɲɲ๡ɲҲֲǼŮ
ΪС򱧲ƽһߣСЦŰͬЩܹ鲻Ǻһͬӣ󲻼ˡ
̫
˵Ż˺СһŤͷȥŷ½˼
λʺ￴õ¼ҵŮȷе˵ʺ󿴺úܶŮֻǲϲСˡ
½˼ĸǰ㰢ķУһֻҪʺ󷢻ˣ̽ԼŮϴɾ͵̫Ӵȥ
Сʱ򻹹ؾָĽ
к£
С꣬ͼ½˼ѸŤͷһԼĸײڣεѹ˵̫ʵСŮѾˣĸ빬һֱͬ¡롭̫ҡ
½˼УƺĲԸ
С꣬˵һ̫顭
һ⻰½˼ɫ৵һ¾Ͱˡ̫ӵ֪ˣ᲻
ԸһŮӲԸ޸Ļ̫ӣһô죿
龪ţЦֻ̫̫һˣʲô죬Щ߰ġ
ô˵½˼ҲƽԽλ̫ƽ׽ˣûд˵á
ΪʺǷѾ½˼ᣬּСͣԼģ־мȤζʣҲ֪˭ҵĹӣ̫Ӳۣ̫˵˵ܰǣߣٳԵ
½˼ӵؿСһۣɨܣȷ˻С˵̫ĵӡ
̫õĸףܶǰϲĹȻҲ˽ģ½˼һڣ֪һλˡ˵Ŀɣ
½˼˵ͷֶ䣬һԵСţҲ˵ʲô
Щŵķˣͨҵ˶мˣ˭ܳ趼Ϊ̫ҲֻǿǵЩԱհˡ
ѷɵüͣ˺ϡһͤͤҶ֮ҡڣһǳ㡣
һֱֻСܣϵӲ£ںߵʯС
̫Щ½˼ˣæС
ˣһӣŮС˵ţ½˼ѾԹԵضȥһץŰʯͷİݣһȥӡ
СºŮϾõˡ½˼ֺСҲϣԼʲôǼҲá
СüҪ½˼һһ͵سȥСץסҲл䣬֮ͨһ죬Ѹ˵ע⡣
СſڣܾѾȥ½˼ˮ˳ȥʱ򻹱ʯͷգЩ˿ڡ
½˼δشȹʪ͸ϣ˳
û°ɣСóΪϵˮֲ̧ͱײ
·˱ڵˮ½˼޺˼ôˣôȥˣû£ô˵ˡ
·˵ɤкʱ֪һ룬Сֱüͷ
½˼͵ŲСģŻˡ
ö˶˵ôŻأվô䵽ˮȥ
⻰Ȼָ˵½˼Ǳȥģһŭˣ˵ʺͺǳ̫ô£
½˼ᣬæ˵̫£СŮִȥӲŽŻˮ̫ҪһѣԼСģʺ𷣡
λȰСȵˣʱҲؿʼ˵ˣ¹úһС㣬£õȥأö˶˼ʲôӰŮôҲߣֵģ࣬þȵļʱûʲô¡
СɵҲ֪ʲô˼޷ǰָŮ½˼ӣٳô˻Ὣˮ
½˼ŮǺԼĻ˵·ˣô࣬ôһҲסˣ֪𡣶ȴ˲˵ʵֻĬ˼
ߣԣ
·̹ڵϣߵʺΪ˼ֹͻСҲ֪ǵ̫죬ҪܵĥŮӵҪҪĻˡ˼պô찡
Сɻؿ½˼ǵƵСˣèӳ˿ࣿûԼ˵ǲˮΪηҪֵͷϣ
ҲߵҾһԣѵԼ֪Ҫ˺Ҵﲻɣ
Ů½˼ϣҲӵ˵ԼСģֻǾ鷳ȥӣ̫δңʺ졣
ʺĬãŻʪ͸½˼㲻£⹬ΣǱ˵㣬ί
ɴۣҲԸŻʺǷǺڰײ֣Сһ˵Ҫ½˼
Сɫƽ˵޹أǷֱԼֱܷ档СƽĻǶţνҲá
̾Ϣ¹ǳ̫Ҳ̫ദǶðˣαҪƣֵ޷ճأ
СһۣȨһӻ߷ߵ̫Ϊϣ̫йأŻ˺ڰײ֣
½˼ҲС£ǻңҪʺ𷣣ȴ·μסǿŮȥ
ƽ̫ã˶֪£ǸãҲܻʵⲻš
Сû˵ȻʺĶᣬƬ̺󣬻ʺ˵̫²ϣȺ¼ҵŮڴ˷ʱ
ʺ󿪿ںмλ˻Ϊʧ䡣ˮֻʱʵ̫Щ
˵ףҲ̫˾Ѿ˴㲻ᷣ
ܾüһλŮԸ˼䣬ߵСߡ
ʺѾ϶СΪҲ֪Ťת˼ֻ˵ʺˣ̫ӲãֻȾϷ纮
ʺͷػǱʱ꣬ʱ
˽ͻʺ߼෣ĹŮЩҲصˮ鿣ֻҲ˾ô²˽ȴΪ˵
ʺϲˣ˭ҲҶʾá
˵޷ʹʺСֻСһͬλʺȰҲ
СֻС˵̫ӲñˣʲôùģϽ
иΪСòֵʧҲ̫̫Ͳᱻ۸ʺϲ㣬ڹǴ粽У
οҲûôѣʺĴָƽҲ۸ҡˣţȥ¡
ҾͲűԴ㻹ί½˼ԼˣȴǲţƫġѵҪſܷһˡ
ϲҵʱʲôǴġջ˲ϲڳҲҲͬˡ
ƹɵĻѹͣ¥󣬱ܴЩ
СҲʹʱһ㣬Ұܳƣ꽫
ʺ̫ҲԸΪһϸ̫ȥĥƽԼǣԼһģ
ضһնŸ߸ߵĹǽͼǲĹˣʱ䶼ûֻйĻܣȹӡ
ĲʺڹС˵꣬߬Լ䡣
̾˿˵Ҫϰߣʱ˻ϰߵġ
ҡͷᶨϰߣԶᡣ
ǰܹҩ಻ֱ࣬۵۲ۣҲ˵Լϰˡ
ʵҩǺܿ࣬˿Ҳһۡ
ÿһζ̣ͬûΪöˣıʲô
ʱ鲻ãֻܰοɫԼĪʱҪ꣬һ̡
ܾСһͬţһʱ䣬ܹˡ
ɫŭæĽŲȴԳ˿̵Ľ°ŲӰڶ˿̷꽫ĺ沨
Сܹ֣С̧ͷ㸩
Ҳɰܾδվȱ浹˹ȥ˫Ŀղʡ¡
Сƿܹȥ
ˮǱķǣһ̫ˣ׷
ܹȥ̫ҽֽҵСסȲҪѾȥ̫ҽС
Ťͷܹһϵʪ⣬򴽣øˣί𣬼˵ֻŵͷḧŰ
ôĸҪ򣿡ܹε̾˿ޣǱ˺һܡ
ôˣģ޵üһһġֻΪ˵ǲҲΪˡ᲻¡
ܹӶڲƺ¼ˣ£ģһȥˣƽôãϲһͳ£ҪϹ롣
СΪµֵزܹҲ̲סһ˿ʡ
СķԶԶҲȲúʰ
ʺСҪסǣֻܹʣ˷Įĸ顣һĽŲֹסûǰ
ǿȥסܹҲôǰԼʺ档
ͷ˵СˣܹСİʱҲ̲ס
*
̫ҽϵʱ򣬽תѣСŽŵʣоΣвʣЩʱûҳԶ
ԼǱ¹ģҲ½Ǻ˽˳𣬱ƣһĶᵽɤ۶
̫ҽüĬãͻȻӹڵϡ
СһЩҪ
̫ҽ˵ĲǡΪĻǡµˡӲ˻ȥ
Сӿһ˲Ŵʣ˵ʲô
ܹһЦû£Ҫкˡ
죬ŵؿСˣ
Сһжܲ˼飬ƺǵʱӣһǸСôͻȻкˡ
ƽ̹СƬ̣ʵҪĸ𣿡
۵ĻϲõġǰԺĸˡ
󲨼࣬¼ҷ˱뽫ˮøСĿʼ׷æת˷򡣺½˼һʼ˵˲СˮҲݣýһдƵķϡмλտСȱûΪ˵ģº뽫ԼɾҲ׷׸̫ͣδˣֻǱ˻ڰ׸ˡ
ϣǷΪҵļ֮һҲϣܹЩջûеϣֱ˶
Ϊ׵ļλ̫ʮĸʱ
ֹˣС˶˵̣˳ȥ̽飬ڸòҸ̧˸̫壬Ը͵Ҫȣһϲձ˹ȥ
Ϊл򣬻ݹһȥһʺ˵ֵ˻ʵǴ
Դ˺СƲþӲ˵ĻҲһŲա
ڸܹ鷳£Ҳǿˡ
Ǵǰϲ͸ĺӣԼ˾Ǹ鷳̫Ҳϣһ㣬Ҫ˷ġ
պҪߵģܹ񻹻̫ȢҲ淺ˡ
ΪǸõ̫ǻµ̫Ա֮£ͻԵһλ͵£Ҳʲô¡
ܹǲԶ̫
*
ʢĵ˺ܳһʱ䣬ܹһգûȥʺС
Һ̫ӵĹϵѾ䣬λҲڵƽӹΪһ鰮ҰͣҪѿػȨ
˭֪һܹΪһŮӣӲ̽볯ָ˺ԼҲҪ˽ǣ
ǰţȺ˼λʺܹʱȥҶԳ֣ȴҲò˼ɣ֮棬Ҫ⣬Ǻ޿ܡ
̫ҵѪܻ棬ӲҪ˺ףҲʹԼҲѪ졣
Сȥ˪Ϊѹ˪һȰ䡣ֲץҩ
ԴӽкܹҲʹǷϲӡ
Ƿܵ˹ȥԺܹƺ˱˼
Ȼ˾ҲʲôϵȴҲ㲻֪ƣµļ죬ٲҪϸһ
ֻҪܹڴ֮˵Щ˵ĻԷʵܿÿҲʲôܡ
Щʹҹû˯ãٲˣܹϣʮչĸܣżλʣʱǻҪࡣ
ܹ񣬹ЩоҲᱻեɵġ˼һ뵽λȶڳε˳ЦĹԱ㿪ʼƾܹ
̫ӵ£ҲȻιȥ̫ҽǲ֪ƣ¹µģǵ涼Ҫˡ
ҹܹᳵ·ȥ´ִ°룬ȴץס
Сɷ羰ʵ㲻𣿡
𣿡ܹͣһ£ֺȰ˵һξͺãȻ˯òã
Ҳ˵Ҽ¶ࡣС˵úϣܹȴĬˡ
Сɫ𽥲ԣƺЩʵǵӻ飬Ҫǡ
飿ܹҧʮӱƽ㾹Ȼһ飿
ֻ˵˵
ܹ˼磬ȻЦһյ࣬Ϣȣëɨ
ǲ̫Щһ飬ǲҹοģҲܷŹ
ܹϣ˵Ҳ˵Сɤӿ޳ҲطŹ
ΪƵҩȴͣްȴǵܹҩضᱻµֻ͵͵±ҩ˽ҩõĵط
Сȥԡȴ˻ȥ⼸նˣÿºҪԡᱻػȵ糿ϴһΡ
*
߳һξ룬ܹһЩ£۷˻ȥ볯鷿ȥȴŵ˿ɬҩ㡣
Ůһչޣܹ̹
ɬҩǴеչɢ
̫ҩ
Ů飬ͷҿֻܵ˵ͷ
ʲôҩܹðһͷֲԸţɫȥ
Ůһشֻ˵ūҲ֪̫δ˵
ܹչ޵𽥱䣬һ뵽Ǹܣؿڴһջһʹ
ҩȥ̫ҽϸЩ˵Щʱ亮Ҫ
ܹŶʱСҩ룬üȥ߿ɬҩ֭΢΢һ㶣ʵôˣ
ЩˡϻЦ⣬ƺʲôҲ˵ˣôֿʼҩ
С׵ҩɫ糣شʳ񣬲̫ҽץҩ
ܹؿЦδ۵סôû˵
С£㷳ġСָӣһһ£ҲмֽǡǻҪϳҪ𣿡
ܹ߽ܾԾҩ¡Ŀɨҩ룬΢סĴУ˲Ŀɬ
*
СһֱڷܹҲ˲ŲԸҩ¡
ܹ֪ˣŻ뾡취ƻ
µûдȷˡ
Ҳˣ̫ҽЩҩǱҩʱ̣뵽Ӧ֮
̫ҽа취һӵҩζͱҩһ㡣ܹ˵ʵҩ̫࣬ɻӣ
ȻС
ܹ˼Ƭ̣û˵ʲô
*
պȱҩܹײСΪ²ʲôһ㣬ܽ´򷢹ȥ
ٴκȱҩʱȴ˲Ծ
ζʵûʲôͬҲֻǰľЩȴԴ˹ڻʼշŲġ
ȹŮȥҩʱðܾסˣҩȫڵϣһӷңҳ˲Ծ
ôҩҩʲôԼҲ֪һЩģҩԲҩдҩģζơ
СɵɵؿţúŶ԰ܾ˵֪ˡ
ܹ֪ˣҩˡ
ԭǶڱ˴ơ
СӲߵǰ£ҲûʰϵҩֻһΪԼԭ֪ˡ
ܹûҪ뿪˼Щҩ޷ǾҪУúԸ뿪
Ϊˣֱ֪вŻסαˣУҲϲºӡ
ܾĬô²С̫̫ӵٺúһ
Ҫ
ܾɻ󣺡ʲô



 94 

ʵıҩԭȵ𲢲, Ϊȹˣܳǵ΢΢Ĳͬ, ֲܹ, Ļᱻɵɵƭȥ
ܾȰС, ǼҪ
̤һ, ̾ȥܹ, иһͬ
Щ֪, ֻҪܹԸ, Ҳ벻
ҲˣǵʣγЦ˱ƭߣĻʧ
ҲԸٹ뻻̫˲ǽԴϲ
ܾС, ô̫Ϊǰ㲻ϲڹ, ŮӶ
СҪȥ, Ļֻعʣ, һ̫, Ը⣿
ܾ붼û̫, Фܹǣϵɵūǽý֦ҶĻ, ̫ūȻǲͬġ
Ҳ޲ͬν˶£ҴδԼ󡣡˳ҡͷҲֻ˵ҩ㲻ûȷŮӷѾĻ빬ú࣬½˼㲻ˣҲǡ
̫ϲΪγٳٲԸУȻСӾͲܹ񣬱ֻСķԸҩ¶Ҫܹ
С뵽ܹɫӲˣϲҪӣҲϲ˾ǡ
ܾ֪Сʱͷϣܹ£ֻ˵̫ҪΣ
ȥԺִлҪ˵
С󣬰ܾҲ֮ȥˡ
ǰУû˵ֻ˼Լ¡
ܾŽĿСûۣȥƿӣС̧ۿҪһأôˣ
ֹܾؿǽַȥ
֪˶ãСԣ͵ƿŷָǳ·ǻصСǹ·ʯƽ̹ûг
ͣ£ŭˣʼӡ̫ӷԸģ
̫ûеӦʣ²˽Է̫빬
Ƴ۰ܾ㷽ű֪ˣ
ܾε²ϣū֪Ҳá
ۣȻʧȥҲټƽϸࡣˣǻȥɡ
԰գҲҪ˷ԼŲȵһ¡
̫
СվסˣǰһϮ೤ۣܹ
Ҫǣʱ򣬱ݺ˦
ƭҡĮУмԹޣһ˲ƻص˽֮ĵʱ
ܹµЦЦƽҲƭңʵҲһķ뿪ǲǣ 
СΪŭΪˮһһ޷ţһʼڿ˵ңȴֻ˾ءҲһʼ㲻ûصǣΪˣܺùڣֻίƵߣƭӣҵͲĻ
ܹɫĻԽԽѾǰЦⶼˣͬһֻݷҰޣΣաȻǰǳŵģʱı飬ʹëȻη塣
޸ңֻʹͲǲǣ
ԲҪңʧȥȴᷢ衣ܹ߬ס΢֣Ŀ䡣ԶҪ㣬һףֻڴ֮ǰߡΪʲôЩң뿪𣿡
*
Ů̫ӻˣȥ˵̫ڵڣͼ̫ӽȥõ̫˻
λ̫ŭ˵ʲôɫ̫ӽڻӶֱ۶һסˡ
Ƕ˸ȥ̫ӳ޵ߣۼֿĹæҪȥţȥͼƽº̫ӣ̧һ߿ţӶͣٵġ
λĬĬȥ˵ţΧһʾⶼԶ㣬׼ԡˮ
Сܹˤϵʱ򣬺͵ı죬ȥһ£ûиϵʹϾܹı飬ЩΪҪˡ
ֱҪֱܹ˻ȥؽȹ
ʲôſңңҵҪȥܹ߬ס˫ͷڸͣ˫ҲѹסˡҲҪң
СӰɡ
ָܹСʵһ̣Ӳͣһ̱޵ί
ܹεɿš
ȻֹһֻӴ̽ţɺѪڲɢοһŨīʹ֮ŷԼŵС
Сӵֲţ˿ˮʪҵڼձߣſˡ
Ҫɱ𣿡ȥСеմѪĽһӣط죬ƺǡ
ܹʹֻǾؿһƺкܶ໰˵зѹȴǿװ׺ĮǰһͿԲ𣬷ֻ㡣
ȥСµˮҪ۸㡣
ȹӡҭ
ֻܹܽȹϵáֻһ롣
СؿڵѪܿ֡ҲˣҲ㡣
쵽һֶסĿȾѪϡҽıҩ˲ӵҩ
ǰպȹ˱ҩ
СĻ͵̧ɴʲʲô
ӲãܺȣҺȱˣοҪҡ
ܹεسһĨɬЦѪȾһƬ½󡣡Сˣֻ㡣

 95 

ֻܹ뵽һ, ̫ҽ֪Сںȱҩ
һ˲䣬Ҳзŭӿͷ, Ǻ侲ȼմ
ֻǺȻ, µĲС뿪, δйҡʼ, һάŶ֮, һĸ顣
Ҫ, ȴƶ벽
̫, ҩֶ̫ӵ»˼
̫ҽС˵Ļ˪Ҳһ˵ǼҪñҩշԸĺӡ
Ѿ, ȴʼС
̫ҽĿʧǵ̫뿪, ̾һ׼ת, ͼ۷һ, ˵¿һҩ
̫ҽһ£̫
Һȡ
*
С, дܹһ²δ˼Ҫ, ֻǴƤ⡣
ܹ񲢲֪Ҳֻǲݲҩ¡ȾѪ۱ڵϣСƬѪ, ʳ
㡭ٱˣ߰ɡ
ļ羱ţҷ۵ҵĶѵϣһ䱻ݲеĻ
ܹ˿ڴҲţ̹ǵĺ⣬ʵ뿪Ͳһ̣ҪΪ𣿡
СûлشܹǰҪΪ뿪һߡ
ģС
㶵̧ͷͨ˫۶ǲš
뿪
ܹὫͷϣƣ̾˿
ں̫ӣںҲںʺĸ
Ҳסˡ
ܹͱʳǣעոһգ¡
*
䣬оҲǷƱá
ƽȴڸǲסµİӿҰģͻ׵ơ
̫ӽ˽ƽǣ೼ӵĲ˼Դ΢ʡ
׵ֻܹʹ˸Ӳ
ǰ壬㱻֦ѾҲס£Ӱĸ֦Ϊ̫ӣԣҲעʲô׵¡
Ͻһпȴ޷ֹЩʲô̫Ӱѳ֣Ҹͷż˵ϼ仰ˡǻ϶ҼɵԻݹĳ谮ôŷģҲֻбסĸƽ¡
Ķһ¡ԼĪȵҪٰܶǻҲٳȥܣֻСʱȥ
ƽ˽һλ̣ƽҲʮְ֣ĵʱ򻹻˵˵
С̵ʱҲʹǷԴףȴ˵иʵƽүԵʮֺˣݹҲûΪңҲʮʡġף˭˺Ժʮ˸Ůˣ£ġ
˵űͣˣֵ̫ӵ¶һˣз󹬵˼Ҳġ
֪Ҳĵġ
Դܹ󣬴ǰبڶ֮䣬ǲԼĸҲˡԺûٺȹҩܹȡ
ҪôзҪôѡȱҩܹһϣǺԥѡߡ
С̫ɺʹǰһ²⣬ȴҲԸȥ˽Ůѧ뾭Ժѧȴǰ࣬˸ڵԺӣиŮȥԺѧΪ˸ϰ֡Щ˼ҵĹҲѰһ㣬ΪŮӲض顣
жСۣҲʱתƵϣͷǹӣȻҪżģֻĳش
ĴƺҲԺѧǣҲΪԼͨȡһ㵱ˡ
ܾСı仯Ժķӵ̫ƺûܸʲôı䣬ֻίᡣ
ܹ񣬴СؾʼѾǴǰ̫ӵˡ
ƺһߣ롣
붬ʱС˽˯߮͵ˡ
ߵʱվǿãΣͬһԶƵġ
һ䣬ֿʼԴдβͿˣһֱŻ֣֪ܶ۵ҹ빬ȥȴû¶ϲȸԾı
̫ӽҩȥʱò԰׵ϣ¶һĨϲɫ
첻㣬СеëҩʯҽεĲڣ̫ҽ˵ԳŹ졣
ݹ䲻ĸȴҲСߣΪҲѻãȵʱҲ֪˭˵ȥҪȥɽΪ
ܹȥɽµϢҲ֪˭˳ݹʹɽǷ顣
СĻǳϦʱܹҹɽģ鲻ε֪ݹƶ̫Ӷȥķ£һģǸᶨҪȥɽµľġ
۵ʱ򣬻ȴԻݹ䰮ׯͨĸ˼ңһͬȥɽ𡣻ʺȴҪڹ￴бضٲԹޡ
ΪвܳţСΪ̫Ҳܹҿʱţһ鷳
䣬ڵп飬ܹһԽºõĲݸ
ɽµĽΪοϴӦݹ
ܹ˹˲裬Ż䰮ݹһлϲɽµĳȻʲôǻʵۣڰһŮӵʱͬҲһ޲ͬ
˵պĵ̾˿ϧðŷѩ߹ʯǧΪĻֶ
СҲǹģ֮һ˺üûҸ㣬Ǳҵ𣿷ǲˣôܽжأ
ܹû˵Ŀŵ鰸ϵĿ֦ϡ
СֵʣΪҪƿһ֦ãʲô𣿡
Цһʡ
ȥĶȥҺʰҹδ飬һСϽҲҪһ궼ֿˡ
ջʰеջ䵽ϡСõģҲֻ
*
ҹʱƺʲô¡
Сů͵ı˯˯ܹѣ˯һ䣺ôˣ
ܹЩģȻǣǣӣ£ú˯ùЩ
̬ƽͣСҲٶ룬ﹰ˹˯
һֱڶգŵ֪ҹһ췭ظ¡
ݹڻɽ̣Ϊҹɽ·᫣ݹ׷ɱʱɽ¡
ҵʱ򣬻ݹͷѪѰ
峿ڻصУݹʬڻУѾñ䡣ع󲻵ȼܹ񣬱ȳŻʺ޵ȥˣ˵ִȥҪΪݹ
ϾܲʺҲǸصģδ¡ʺһʱײϲ˵ƻݹڱӦ
ݹʹһң˵޻ݹˣһǻʺ
Ҳ˽£ﵽܹͷϣֻݹʹɽǷ顣
ŭ󣬻ȥ˻ݹʬٿתȻŻ˿ڶѪز
һŵؽ̫ҽ޵̧
ܹüģ̾˿תС
ʲô
ô£߽ʺ޵ʱ򣬻Ů˱Ŀ
ʺȻһֱ䣬ô꣬ϵҲûж֡
д̿ͶԻݹ֣ʻɴĸΪ֪˭ĲԣΪҲȥͻݹյǻܹ˵꣬еĿңȥˡ
С룬ң
СĶͷû˵Ĭˡ                        
лҪ˵뿪ʱ

 96 

̫ҽΪεʱ, ʺڵпݹʬѾϴ, ͽ˹餡
۵, ȴʹĻ¡
ʺС߰, Ӳǰͷ­, ޵ѿ, Ҳ뱻˿
ܹûҪȥ˼, СҪ, ȴסˡ
ӽյŷ©ɳƿ˹ͷᡣδʺʧ̬룬˵ʺֻˣȥѽ
ܹ۽յĵ, ʵĸ㲻, Թޣ
Сҡͷϲҵ, ҪԹޣδ̫ࡣô, ǵ㲻Ҳûʲôĸ, 㲻һġ
֪ˡܹǣס֡һȥɡ
ƿĵŵʱ, ߴŷ©ȥռ˳Ļҳ
ҳУһĻʺǷϵڵ, δɵգһԵĺӡȻǱˡԼλǿƫִŮˣͷһ¶˴ı飬̧ʵۿ
㸸ҡʺ˵ֹ꣬ס
ܹȥҪʺȴűסˡ
ȻҡҲǻʺҲޡɱҡʺķбҲҵĲӣܹϿ޵òѣ̬ԡ
ܹҲδǱһӣȥ˼ӲǣôͨһҪӵĸסʱ϶ׯģҲΪݹЪ˹ȴûһ㡣رˮץסһ鸡ľؿ˵Լί
һξãĸҲҪġ
*
ܹܶʱɫ˲ҿǰɫˡС΢΢ɫ˸ͷˡ
ƽڰ
ܶɫʹֲ֪˵
ܹ鷿߳һ
⣬
ܶɫৡһ¾ͱˣȥʹӿ첽ܹ񣬽ȭͷСܹ鷿
ǵɫܹЩЦȴǰһ䡣Ҫ˼롣
ȶ鷿ʱСһЩ͸뿪߱ʰܾ̫ӵĲƽҪǴ򲻹ô죿
ܾѾϰСֵֹ뷨˼һ´ӣһ̫ӵµƽ֮ϣаС飬ȻҲ·硣ǴӦƽԿ
Сһɫǵûбãˡķ᲻
ܾЦһūֻ˵˵ѣºƽǴˣȻ
С룬ʵСʱû˴𣿽СʱǺ͹Դܣϲʯͷ
ܾϸ˼һ£˵ҴǰֻڰΪ̫ӵ°£һ̫ңЩҲ˽⡣˵̫ʱҲƽִԼĪǰˡ³谮ƽʹСЩᣬԵð²ᣬƽȶ̨֣˶ˣ̫浽ȴֻ˵һˡ
԰գܾɻЩ̫ӵ²˵𣿡
Сҡҡͷô˵ҲʱһСǵòͷˣҵʱ򶼳ĬŲ˵˱˵ˤ˵ģҲûжʣؾΪ¡ǻʺأûл̫𣿡
˵ʺҲ˵£ԴԺٲƽִۺ¶ԼţҲ˵˵һ룬ܾ˶١̫
СһȻԼ˵Ļ 
ʵ⵱ʱܹ񣬾ƴѧŽܽȥֺý֪һõġܽܶⶼǱƫһֻǺܶСʱ֣˾Ӫ࣬ܽȴΪ̷˵簮һߴ
˵ˣȥɡ
ݹӲãܶ˲һλСδ±زˣ߳󣬴СҲǽʳûܹίġݹͻȻڲе޵ɤӶˡ
Сʱ򣬱ڴͷ޵һһġŮ˵̫ˣҲзӦֻС߽ʱ̧׵ۡ
ɩ
Сóοˣ֪κСֻܻܹÿκģȥԴݹᱣġ
ǡΪңͲȥɽ¡ĸͲҺұͻĸֺĸ޵̫ѹ˵ҲЩڳݲ壬С˾㣬¾ꡣ
Сǰ½󱻴ʪ˴Ƭĺ󱳣һֱĿƽֻʣĺ
֪˶ãС˵ûĸˡҰˡ
˵ݹĸס
Сȴ˵ҵҲˣݹǰáҹȥһֱΪңȥҲٶЦҳôֻΪҹһһ֮ҵļաֱҲ˵ǷҡĮؿҳȴܺúûȥҲͬݹİ˽֪ҲĴ㣬֮飬ҲضԸھΣϣúûŵġݹôϲ㣬һΣضҲϣŮ
õİοԶԱ֮£ԼĿѲˡ
˵ʱ򣬽Լ˰ƿ¶Ѫһ棬ЦŰο㿴ұ㻹Ҫʹ
С֪ΰοˣֻ᱿׾Լʽ˵񡣶˵滺ĸΪʲô㲻ã
Сҡҡͷ
ԼҲ˵ǰݼڣҲݰɡǽ֪Ѫǵ榱һӣŻű
㲻ãҲѹ𣿡
СҲû뵽ЩЦһ£ֻһףȻѹ
ǹиҲл۰ӵеֻôһ㣬ȴǵȵȥŷԼҲǱŵġ
Ǳοһַ˵պлˣõӣһõġ
š
ȵɫСҲûعˣȴֱ۲ţĸˣ¡
ȥݹʬŨҵı˹󣬵ҹﻹ̲סʼ¡
Сԥһ£һ۾ͨͨģܿˣŮԸ̫˵һҹҲȥˣ
ܶӶ뿪ܹһĵСһֱȵĺ˽ǣСǲֻһŮ˵ҹҪ
ɻܹûһҹСͬ齶ߣûб˯ȡŮ˵΢һ£û˵ʲôϾǸεεСܲʱҪС
Ϊδ˵ĽСԼ⣬ͬ齶ߣֻǲһ
ҹʱ򣬵оĵģСһȻŬڱסȴ޷Ρ
ôֿˣ˯𣿡
Сֿʼο
˵˵ţҲ֪ô£굽ıȻһûмˡ
ȵ˯ʵʱ䲻˵˾Ī
ҹҲᱧ˯𣿡
ʵʱƺֻǺ棬ȻŹŹ֣Ҳûж룬ġšһû˵ˡ
Ϊ԰˯ʱϿ˿ֱ۱߽Сȴʱˡ
ϵζͻһ
СӽӲסˣ˿̹ŹֵĸоƬ̺ĺƽȣŷΪԼǶˡ
ڶһ磬йŮͨ˵̫ȥ
С˯ۣ˯СԼѹµͷͷֱѹš
΢΢Щͷһɫӡ
С죬⳶˳¶ȫò
ʧĻ                        
лҪ˵ûʲôۣͽ۲һ

 97 

ܹ͸ƽ, һͻһԼƽҲһ, ˱Ū, ܹŻᱧԹ
ɽºܳ, Ƶƽʲô, ƫƫĺܹһ, ҲܹҸҪ, ϴ
Сû뵽·, һʱض½ˡ
ҵԼʧĶʱȴĪΣԸԼʲô֪
СؽƻȥСŵ, 뿪޵, ԺվŵȺѾõܹ
ܹüͷ, ڿСһ˲չˣ첽ȥ, һԲͽ˻һ˿
Сס, ܸܵдųĺ, ƺվã϶Ǳġ
ôڶң
ܹ˻ࡣ㲻˯, ҹˣ޲ܽ㱧ҵϡ
Сڴ˴˵ֲ뵽¼ƽ㳶˳ܹӣǿЩȥɡ
ܹѵҪضɫ΢΢һ䣬º͵Цãǻȥ
·ϵʱСƽ£˵ʱȥɽΪһܹҲûԵɣֱӦˡ
ݹʱ䣬ΪʹԴȴһղΡΡù˲ߵǰ念ڼռͷ˴Ƭʮꡣϵһ֮ڹϺޣ޲̾Ϣᡣ
Ȼû˵Ҳдţ˵ܹ̿ˡЩ׽ӰҥԵЩӰ죬ôף˻š
ϴҲĲͿˣݹվ㱣ʺŶܹҲĻӵĸףշڻߣ´綼ѧŻݹģ
̫ᣬʹдǣҲ޷׺ȨҰʮĸ֧ңܿҲңܵκΰڲ ֻܳȥҰĲˡ
ܹ֧ţҲѪˣ˾׳ʿעҪԼΣյľء
ݹûиıʲôӰӦǻϣЩ־˵ʼ˼λ£뽫λܹԼȥɽΪĻݹޡ
ؽƽĳʵΰӿ
Դӳ͡ͽܽ󣬽֪ҲԽԽСͼֱɢ׷ͺڷˣȨԶȥڿЩ
ҲˣֱزȥС˻ؽһˡ
СҪȥһƽȨ˳·ûоܾ·ܹ˺üУԷ˶֡
ԭûʲôֻͬǸз̵࣬﷢š
񽪺֪һףҲͱˣֻǾʧѡ۴һɫۣվһƬУĿɭ䣬Ĩλ꣬էһŵˡ
СĿϣ̾ƿˣ߽ȥ֪
Ϊֻ֪û뵽ĲͿˣͻһͿʼ˵ˡһ߽˽ܽ֡
ܽܽˣ
СĬƬ̣ңС
֪һ㶣¶ȻɫƬ̺ۣƺЩį̾˿
СˣҺͿˣԲס㡣
ԲסʲôСûʲôҲƲʧ䣬ǰѧŲڴˡ
֪Żǵ˫Ŀؿ˶ڻԼĹȥǰεܾǰ£һεվڻ˵ʲôһûˣܵúܿ죬ǰиˮ̶׷ôͣ£һֱܣ̶ܵˮ
˱ۡҶЦʲôˣСЦһЦЦһģһ
СޱؿŽ֪ɤӲ˰ɣαػҪȥ
֪ҲĮһ˰㣬ԹԵֿʼ˵ܽ͡ףôḺҷҷͷϡ͡δˣȴ³ߵ󶼲գΪʲô
Сܽ͡ɱʱ֪ﻹңپ̣ʵǰΪʲôأ
С΢΢ѹӣС˵̷˶İףǰһ۶ǿ㣬ȴڿҡΪ̷˲Ǹ׵ĴֿȻ֮ʣ㱧ڻаȴң䰮ķˡ
ʵڿЦǹӽҲýܽȾϰٻ
ƺǸɣᵽ֪͵ۣȻӿ죬ɴᣵŭΪ˼㡣
С𣿿ʲôҲûҪκˣֻúûŶѡ׵ۣ۵裬ϵ̺ۣҶƽϡٻýܽõģҲøӭȢܽɱйߣҲֻûԼѪ㿴ʵ˵˵ȥܡ
뵽ʱ֪ܽ־ÿЦվ
òСסʵԼЩϰߡתҪ뿪֪͵ؿĽ۲֪վ˶ã̳ס
֪ûпۣ˼˵ң
Сǿ͸һŽ֪ӲдӡǸ׺ҡ
֪һ£ȻЦɳƵЦǿ۵ķ
ס
Сɣȴֱ˭ǿӲʵʲô
֪ԼȴҲС
ĴܹģϾԼ׽㣬ý۶˲׵ͷݻٵĽҵ˲ȴйء
뿪ʱ򣬽һһС·֮䲢δ˵ʲôֻ֮ʣ䲻ؿڣεĵŮĻԼˣ괺ɻ顣
СŬ룬ҲûμҵŮ˭ܵμҵŮǻš
ۿһۣƺ֪ûμҵŮ˭£Ҳûж͡
㣬ڹзСģٳΪã˶ڶŶ
֪ˡ
Ҷԣ޷ƿص̫ӼҵѪҲã˽ĿɷֵĻҲǱȻշԼδض֡
Сƽ뿪صʱ֪ܹж¡
ʺҵˣҲԱ⡣
Һ޶ҪԸܹҲҪܶһȥܷĻλݹϣôܶⶼһԸܹ񡣺οܹǰ֮Ҫ˭ҲҪҸƽӹĻӡ
̫ӲصϢѾŬڣȴǴ˳ȥղϳǷ׷ײ²Ƿ紫˵ѾϾ˼
ҵҲڴ˿̿ʼˮվ˵Ҫѡƽ
˾ٱضܹ¼ܶ⣬˳Ҹɲü޻ܹ
Сܹӵʱӹ۷׷ףѾصӭѪȻϻʮ־ʢڵڶճһȺ
ܹһҳϣĺ󾱣վв̫ƽ뽫ߣҲȥɡҴȥɽµ÷һȥƽ
Ҫã
ˡ                        
лҪ˵ܹ񣺵  ִ 

 98 

, СΪ뿪Ҫ󡣿û뵽ô졣˳ϦߣܹѾһа׵
ĶӸ߸¡, ԲСЩǡ̫Բ, ͸Ĺ, ˾ô, ЩͻѿСԴ, ǶԴһֻްС
Լ񻹺С, һ, Ѿԭ鶯ЦСΪһصĸףͷԼԲСʱڴ
С̫ЩȻҲ޷ͬܣȥὭΪĸ顣
Ҳ̲סȥ, ʱ, ᲻һҲ, עԼĸ
Һ̫ӷ£ֵֻܹ⧲, Լľ˸ƵǽΪ˱סҵٻκδ治֪ڵʱ, Ȩ, ȴҲƺ⡣ܹҪǣֽţֻʣңǵҰڡ
ܹǱЩ˴С, ҲһǵĺԴ顣
СȥһصɽׯȵһƽϢٻؾǡ
ǰС˽һοĵط
ܹز²ֶߣ۶״֪̽һô˻֡
СܹΨһߣҪ뿪ȥᱻѪմȾĵط
ϦʱƽڻǱˡ
ҹﲻ֪ʱʼƮѩһ׶ѻţѹ֦Ҷʹ
ҳ̫ıݹȻλ˴̿ȥɱܶ⡣һĪеʺ󾪵ɫҰףǲԼֳ
û뵽һգҪԼĸ彫жĶӡ
׮׮ǰܹ̫֮λҪ
ŵĹǣջ˱нʱײڷѩиӲ
нյĵزҲڱƲƸۣ˺Ƥ˽տԼľ˸ƹ췴£һҲ⡣
ֻĸԴʮֱźҪù֣ͣ޼£ץֱܹ˵˸ֻһʱͿǺúӣǶǿ㳤ģŹǰɡ
ϸѩǰǽϹĻмƮɢģ˵ߡ
ܹɡվڸ̨ԽԽķشĻĸ˵Цˣ˸һ·ԪôŹҲǡ
ֶֻһʱͿ벻ôģһúȰģҲ췴ܡ
ܹ˵˵ֻÿɱֿЦĸΪʺ췴ҪȥĶ̫ӣں־ءҪʱˣҪܺĳȥ˸һˣΪˣֻĸ˺ͿǸʲô
ʺ̧źԪһĽʿԼλɫƵֳ
ΪĻλ֣бƹƺƶܹ˶ѡڳϦһǿбƹ
ʺسűƽĹˣ޺ͣ֡
ɫƳһۣ˻ʺ󣬻˵زܡٻ˰꣬ȴҪĸУպҪøܹޣο档
Լ˵ԶԶµķѩˣʺнϣᡣ
ܹվ֮ۿţеķâӡ۵ףʹƽɫԵ
ĸҲˣ˸Щ֮ǰҪһͬȥҴ棬Ƕĸ֪һֱƽΪθ޷Իݹһ㣬ĴڣθҶ㽻ģ
ʺƬֺ̣ȻشЦδɵӣŷ񲣬Ů˶ȥ
̧̧ܹ֣ԸʺȥЪϢɣЩۣ޷ǸԼ¡
ʺ󱻹˷˼ֻͷܹ˻ɱҵˣľ˸
ܹԲδͷԾһվš
ңңϵı飬оЩҡ
ܹ񳤴󣬽̵Ҳδðµ顣ܹԺ£һɲĵȻƺʤաĲأ˿̸ڶڴ˵
ѩԽԽѱõ˽˵ıضϣѩڱĵ֮ϣɺѪһ
*
С˶񣬺ͰܾһںԺ÷ѩ´֮ǰ˻嵽еĻƿʱ˵ɽׯһˣܵܣѱѹסȥһۡ
СΪ˺ƭģ֪ȥˣŷǽۡ
ǽҪˣС˻֣ɿ
Сε֪ҷ
ûȴĻ˵ٱ˱¶ˣƽϿ뿪ʱƼһӱſӱ޸֮ǰҵ㡣ҵĸϿߣҲƭ㡣
СĿлɣֻóϣճϦֻһۣû룬СңҲẦ㡣ƽŮڽ˵ǡñҲ֪˵ء
ܹ˼ȻǧС˶ǾйܵġУҪŮУŮ˽˵©졣
ʶ˵Ŀ滰Сɫ̾ͱˣŰܾȥ
ŲüѩˣҪȻ۾ָˡ
СĽ̡ۣõô
ˣڱҪ뿪С˵ܾ꣬Ѿȥｭʰˡ
˶ɵˣɻˣҪʲô
СҲûջӦһҪߡܼѾ󲻵ˣߡ
ҪԼŮСҲԣֻǼ˻δɽׯĴţһ֧ƿնȱߵľ׮ϣζŷ繴衣
ŵôһס죬סɽׯС˵̫ƽ̫Ѱ·
ɫ䣬СֱۣȲҪˣǶȻǳģҴߡ
²䣬ضǸС鷳СⷬȴŭˣοҪıƱزŹƽοҪϣ³Һö١
ѩ֪ʱԽԽСĻ÷ɿ죬ᶼҪˡ
ȳ󣬴δ£ȫǲ֪룬ֻ֪СԼ
С£οһߣҪ£ɽׯپܱ㰲Ȼݡ
ۼˣҲ֪޷Ȱɫ
ŮǰߣСɼжٱ
ĿⲻǧˣǴʱ֣ضǾѾж̫ѱȲ㣬𣿡۵˼ҧгݵķߺޡ޸̫ӣԶıӣǻѡ
С˵Ҳѻ𣬡˵Щкãܱܲ졣
һǰߡ

ǰȻһʹСæȥˤڵأŶɫʹءŮɫ֣޴ؿС
Сȥסǿװ򶨵ȥŽȽӵʱ򣬲ŷԼֶڲֹסĲҽǱ
ͻȻҪ滹ж½صı˾糱ˮһӿѹ
*
ѩԽԽĶëĴɢ£סڵשʯ
ʹѩ۵ģӡɺѪһʹɾ׵ѩأŵ˻ʡ
ܹΪ˽Ѿ׼ʱʲôƽϢⳡ־ıƹ
˱µʱ̬߰˿ûа߹ĵĳ̬ܹϣзߺ޲ʣȴҲòķڷ
ѹܹǰ£ѾȥɢʮǱ
ֻܹƽؿûзŭҲûһ˿ġؾĳûմ϶ѪۣվƮķѩУһʯĮȻؿǰһС
ĨȥǵѪǰǺιʡ
ѩ˳۽ϣգգۣ˸ĸΪѡ·̫޹Ȥˡ
ΪŮˣһ
ܹƲһۣûзϡұ˸һ˶֣ȷʵҲˡȥǳ磬Ҳˣ˸Ӧ˭ΣʵҪֻҪȨУĸҶ𣿡
֮ƺ⣬Ϊ֮Ǿ˸ڣѧΣ
ܹ˵ţûһ˿һĵ⣬ȴ˾÷ʮ㣬˶Ʊ˳˶һѿ
ûӦֻ޺޵һڣ³֡ϣ
ǰҪѺȥʱʺȻǰҪܹ񺰵Ǵ治
緹ĸΪҲǴ治𣿡
Ĺ˺Ȼһܹ˵ʺӵˣΪߡ
ĸԸ
ĸԸЦĪ⡣˸ǰٰһΣ
ܹɫһ䣬Ȼʲôȥ߻ʺ󣬹ǿжеĳƤƣھһ
ȵѪһأȾ˴Ƭѩء
ܹ˳ȾϽѪ·ĺ÷ôĿ
ʺĻҲȾƬŵµĹˣлﶼ˿Уǰһ󷢺ڣֻܱǿסվ

 99 

ѩԽԽ, Ѿһʵİס
˴ǰСϲ⾰ɫ, δһѩ
ˤһӸʹ, ˵Ҫ, ٴŵ߶, ҲζҪ˺뿪ɽׯҵıΧס, ˳ȥ, һʱҲ
С෢۾, ߽ȥΪѪˮһһ裬ɤҲ˻ƣƺǷѾ
СŲ΢΢˳ȥǰİܾˣ
ܾɫͬ, ɽׯ, Ųһʱˡ
СɫҰ, Զɱ졣
һŭε˵С, 㲻ҪͿ̫, ˿ɶǳ, ڲߣͳûˡɽׯб֧ţҴߡ
, лл㡱СҡͷҲߣҪȥҲ
ܾ˵ɽׯһƫƧС·ͨɽӦûж̫߰ɡ
СĿⴥããѩأɬᣬգգۣЩ˵ҲߵģһߣС·Ҳᱻ֣ô졣ҺߣǷŹɽׯܻȥ
Уܾͽͬʱ
ܾɨ˽һۣ˵̫ҵ˭Ψ̫ܡ
޿̣ŷеźһˣ𣿡
Ҳ֪ˣ˿̸ǽͷö޲ý뿪ûմ
ѩ紵裬ܾС۾ͨ죬ۼ£æƽ׼Ҳ
Ҳԣʵô£
ܾӦ˵ĻСֻôЩۼܿѩء
֪ʱеۼ
Сеɻ͵ǣŲ΢΢һ٣뿪£Ȼ֪
ʵɻ󽪳ô컵˼ֻԵԸռһ֣벻ͨ
䣬Ȼˡ
С߽Уס˽֡þȫ߬죬ͷðƽռע̬˿ʹൽĿ
ɽׯı֪̫һ£ǶҪᣬûһ˺ˡ
ѩرȾˣ֫ɢŻ
ƣߣڵ˺ӡ
߸¡ĸƽ̹࣬֫ȴǱȲôǰϸ۵һ仰˵Сᣬ޲ˡ
ʱ۵ÿҪ裬Ҳ־嵽޲ȥǸۣܻẦСֺС뿪ץסСֺɿֻʣһˡ
СӶûпһۣί˵ܶǸ˵
Сǵǻȥú
·׵ģë޵ĶʵʵסŮߡ
ʱѾɽׯɱǴСΪ˲£Ҳûй˼۾Ĵʹ̧⣬Ȼһ̣Ͼʹ˱ĴУоڲѪ֮ϡ
СĶ
ܾͽ۶ذ׼СϵŮǽִҪɽׯˣݵʱһֱ̺

ﱻСһ̲סĿǻ̫Բס̫ҪߣҼʮˣ̫кá˵ˣǲ̫εġ
ܾЦֹҲţ̫£̫ӵ±ض嶼Ƥҡ
ɪһ£һ˿ԥܿ¼ᶨܣС̫Ҫߣ뿪Ҳ˵ģֻ̫һ
СЩ䣬˵ʱͨͨ뵵øʪˣɽ֡
ɤҲһ㣬ңԶ
Ҳ˵ȥģ𣿡
Ӧңûа취
С˱ۡ˺öˣȥһۡ
ãûܵСҪһ۾ͿԼŮٳСģһЩڵϣɤӺ֣ǿŲȥֻҧŴᡣ
Сܾͽۣ˵Ӳ߰ɣģҽղܸˡ
۲֪ΪҲۣ߷ߵձߣ
ܾߣûʱˡ
ѾĽŲͽкѾûʱԥˡ
ܾӦˣһ͵һԵĹѻѩζ
Ͱܾ£ѩʱ˶ûӦһϵذֱСȥȴܾʱסذֻһƤһǳǳѪߡסеİܾ˴ֱһŽ߳һԶ
ܾѪ죬ҲܣʱϱյԺű죬ƲԺ˿ʼš
СţС뿪ȥܾסýסۿɱ̫˵ã
ﺦµزܾġ
ʵöķԸýСȥȥֱɱˣ֡
ܾѪģѪ˳һֱѵ˽⣬Ĳϡ
Źȡ
ܾĽĺĵĻȻֹԺűײԼĪ߰˸˽
̫˵޹ʵԾΪԼȲ̫
ҲһҪȥ
ܾˣסĵʱʹ̣ûӡ
*
ܾܾں档Сֿ񱼣ϻͷ󡣡ܾûи
۳һ۾ˣ
СŲȴͣ¡ܾô죿
۴ոǿȻа취Ÿߡ
ѩһĽӡͣ¾ͻᱻ׷
ͱźӵѾɽׯΧסС·Ҳ˰أСӲһֱ
סСУ̫ˣѩ̫ԣᱻ֡
С𣿡
ܹ̹ƲϾտǻһЩ˿Ѿɲ˵ֻܵͷ
۶˵̽黨ӵϣٲīɢֱһӷ٣ס
С˼ԼϵĶ۴ϰһСϣ
Сָ߬ۿǣɱȥԺֿߣԲҪͣ¡
Сͽۼߣʣǻס
ȥʱ򣬹ȻбΧסڲࡣǿסǣ˻С̼
ѩµĺܴСǿԼǰ·Ĳ̤ǷѩĺХձ紵ͬ㡣ΪԼۻˣǰѩرһһס
׷ϵ죬ۿԾһѳԾ¡
Сסˤѩ̾˼޳һɽֱȥ
Ȼѩл½ӡ׷ûмʱע⵽˻лߵġ
Сͽһ·׼ȥͽǻϣС۾ʹ̣Ѿǰ·ˡס֣ʱæߣ˼Ҳֻ񱼡
κ׷ڶվܲһӵı
СĲ̤һ̣˺Ȼ׵졣
ۣ
۵ȱ̴ѪһأСҲˤڵء
úԼֳϣûٿڱصõͣ£ĵش
ܹϲŮˣõĸüһ䣬Сûлش
ҲûָС𣬳ŪֻѩƵģɣʼܣֻһûУվ
Сϵı飬סʼûɿܸܵ΢΢
ȥͻȻڡ
ֳһۣʵԼ𣿡
¶һı飬ҧʲôеġ
԰գһȳһյС
ע⵽Ǹ㡣
һ룬޺޵Сңұ㺦ʲôز
Сã̧۾۵ǰˣֻҧгݵ
û㣬нľ棬̫ӵ²ҲƹǸණ˭մ㣬Ҫǵһۻ࣬˦Ҳ˦ǣ꣡÷й꣬ŷСĿһֱûпеŭյøʢپǡ
ս֣ѹסеʹ࣬þ֡
С
ǳŪģҧгݵδй
ֽһС
Сֻע⵽ˡ̫ӵ²䣬ָģľûʹ۵ĺüʣôˣ
ΪԼѹסʲôҪȴȻĽһѣԽѩѡ
ʸ̴ͷ­ڶ࣬ȵѪϣϡ
Сź۵֣ȴûõӦ
ذһƬֻʣķѩ                        
лҪ˵ϣ߿СʹܵóԸĩԵҲҪӣûйҿ
лͶ׵Сʹ 1
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 100 

һһ, תֳõΪΰɱ, ǽ֪Ķӡ
ֳΪ⣺֪񲻹Ǹ, һɡ
֪Ͼ˶ة, Ҳ, Ҫ
˵㱻, ֳ˻, 
, ·ϵѪձһѩеС
µѩأѾѪȾˡ
ǰģһƬ۱ʹֻ̣ĽŲ
ѩ紵Ųգʹ
ͷ, ŽѸȴʬ, ߬˱ѹڵµĽ
ҵ, ҪץסСġóΪΪܹСҪ, ûһʤܹİŮ䵽, ҲЩӵ롣
ɸ, С°ס̧ͷ
ôҿң
СƲ, ͷ£⶯˼£ƺ˵Щʲô
û壬ɿø㷽˵ʲ
С͵ػӽΪ̫ûдҪЩƤˣŵõŸŭɶһ⳯ȴܹ
ƾ߬סһѩɣһܡ
ô汻裬ȫޣ˿ںЩʲôֻ׽סСһ١
ʲôҲҲܵúܿ죬ƺ̤ԽĹĵ㡣
˽˾
׷СҪקסͷֱ۲һ̧δָһƿնŭ;Ȼֺ׼ֱֱĴüĴ͸ûüһҽС
׷ϵĽŲͣ£ʬء
СƺʲôҲֻܲ˵ĳǰܣ͹ʯͷ޷Ƶǰȥ
ӭĲǱѩأǼѩ嵭÷ĻϤˮ
ʱ䣬ķѩƽϢ߶ѿƣ־壬ڴ˿ʧ
Բ𡣡ܹɤƣ΢˵仰СӵڻС
кܶ໰˵ܹﺿޣйһյĿ־ͷŭſڣȴɬޱȣǱʲôסһ
ˡ
˵ʧȥ㲻뿪ڡ
ܹ۽Сϣᱧ𣬶ʱ·ҵķסһҲ޷ѡ
СͽůУݸȲů¯ȴɵһһԲš
̺ʲôʵʱСڶһ¡ģСиŮأ
Сƽ£Ѿ̫ӵ°ȥˡ̫ŮҲţֻЩδΣ̫ġ
С˵ͷš
ůȣ˲ʵ⣬ͬϿɡ
۾ָϵĴѪպ󣬻ڳϡ
*
һʼܹΪ˱С£ͽ˵סˣֻû뵽©˽ҴŮܶ˽ԼŮһߣЩɴ
õʱһ˿⣬üɱԼĸ磬ͣؿ޺ʲôûаŹŮ̬ȡ
ЩˣһҲ
ĵزѾҪˣĻѾһá
ܶնݳ٣ҪĿܡ
ܹת֣Ӧء
ѩµĺܴ󣬽۵ʬ׺ܿ챻һѩܹĬĬͣƬ̣˽ʬ̧˻ؾǡ
һֱڣ¡
Щڣʹ졣
ܹۣã˺ܶలİ취ƿ߽ʱȴûϿеᡣ
СܹɤӻЩƣĪ˾õ䡣
벻Բԣ
ܹûƭѵҲ֡
ȡҩ࣬дȣϸµΪҩָḧϵ˿ڡ
˵Ҫ뿪ʳˡڷйҹ˵ԸʲôԡС̧𷺺ۿ˵ˣ߰ɡʵķŲȨƵλҲûʲôԹ޵ģҪȽϣҲŲµĶ
ܹһҩ䵽ϣĬûдĻܹܶȥ
ϱûԲʲôҪ
ܹʰҩ󣬵ͷûпֱϺȻһι̵ˮӲһ£̧ȥ
СлһĨ㵣ۿ죬ȴˮ
ԭԼᡣ
˵ˡܹЦҷŲµģֻһ㡣
޷С
ǲģ쵽ˣҪȥٻʢĵطֻܿή
Ұ㣬Ҳǿ㡣ܹͬ˵ʲôԼ㣬ּᶨظһ顣Сİ㡣                        
лҪ˵ܿҪˣͿԽĳ齱
ԵСʹɣҪܼ


 101 

Ķո, ҲΪƹ£Ⱦ˲еѹ֡
û, ̫ڷֵ֮Ϣʹˡ
ⳡããĴѩδͣ, ظɽ, Ϊȥ֮С
ᵽλŵ̫, Ƕǰ̾Ϣ
·ʱ, ҪΪͬΪ֪̾
ǰ, ˭뵽λٹһة, 䵽ĵزϦ֮գŮȥֻʣ׷ͺڷˡ
֪۵ʬ׺ڳ͡ķǰһֱ峿ʵڶò, Ҫȥ, Ѯϳ, ȴ޵ķǰͻȻޣһʧ
ججصк, ܹƺҲѩεûۣܾΧһжáһ̤, Щӳ׹, ñסһѹ
ܹŰֱ, Լ߹·һͷĳ
ӡ
̫ӵ£ʺﻹڵҪ벻飬Ҳһ
ܹɫ԰ףһԲɿ˰֣ׯϵĹѩУЩӰı
*
̫ȥú󣬻λһ̯Ӷ̫ӣԼȥɽ³ңΪȥĻݹʺû
ǻ̫֮ӣȴֶΣоĶ̰γ˵һǧ˰ٵĺ˲⣬뵽̫ڷ־òôˡ
󹬿ãһҲûУʼгȰµú˵㽫˵⻰ĳٽ
һ˻Ȼʹдǧֵ£ܹõϣȻ̫࣬뿴ԱϣӶʹг¼ʮ飬Ͳظ
ǫѷº͵ȣǱ˶ᡣ
ܹȻǽߣֲòϣϣܹ񻹴δʲôӡ£๡
һгܹ˽ָָ㣬ǱְǱӣʹ裬һȥǰϲµļϳҲΪȥˡ
ΪΨһŮ٣ãҲõ˿϶Ů£ض裬ú뾭ԺԭȵλãɻʵּŮѧְ⣬ҲԺһӡ
ʵǵµвܹ磬ֻܳŲҳֻܺƽԹ䣬ϣܹһ
Ϊϳ̫ɥҲδٰ̫δȥ
ʵϣںܶ˵λ̫Ҳû¹ʲôӡͬǵһѩѩʲôû£ֻżἰ΢пˡ
󲡳ȥܹ񡣳Ŷķ߳ȥԶߵŮҪұ𣿡
ŻȻ𣬻ѾǻΪˡ
°ȥĻʵ޵͸žݻ𶫹ȴĻݲݣׯּ䡣
߽ʱ򣬵һʱ뵽С룬ɩˣĵطǴһŮӣ˱ѩס˶١
񿴵ܹڴǰŪһ٣ɻسʲô
ܹת΢ףЦһЦ˵ɩ֮ǰڶѣϧζûֻʣһٱԵû뵽úܺá
СĬƬ̣˵ֲҪѹˡ
ʵסСһҲûϵܹὫô
ܹûӦվڴǰӰ˲ʵĹ⣬ۿٵҲɢ˹㣬Եðͣô
񿴵Ĳգ΢һ£ԥԥؿڣɩҿѧŻɩ˵ǰҲ˵ҺͻɩʹкùЩ
ܹŪҶӵֶһ£˵ʵǲֻв˽ˣŻ˵һơУС˶ͬ
һ䣬ؿ
ܹǺʹǰһºֻͣȴĪѹ
Ǻһ䡣˳󲡣ɼҲųȥˡϣҲͬһӺԺȥĵطʶˣҲǵӡݹ㣬ʹСߵֻô񳤴ˣҲöʶЩˣպϲĸҵĹӣᣬúÿ
ĬƬ̣ʵΪβǸ߻أ
ܹһ£һĨЦ˱Ҫá
Ϊܹ⻰Ȼǲ첻ٶ˵ˡ
鰸ϻһ֦ʱ֣֦ôڣ
ܹƳһۣҲûҪڵ˼̹ȻɩڻҵĶ
ɩ
š                        
лҪ˵ʰ⣬




Ʈ, ƮׯŵĻʹƺƬ, ҲƮҹ, Ӵůľ, һֱ䵽ɪɪ, 䵽ѩ«ϡ
, ҸƬ⡣һʳ, һץסҵȵӡֻ, ˵
Сרעڿ˱ͷҲصĻ˻֡һظɣҾͲȥˡ
̾˿˵Ĳһ˻ͦģҲûЩḯȥôˣ˵ҲҪʼѡ, ôֻйﻹŲأ
СƬ, ͷ, ɻҲǷŲ°ûз, ҶϲӡǺãҶҲǸ˶, ΪʲôҪ
һҭ, ƺҲ֪Լ˵ĻԣͣҲǸ˼ֻѹϾ
֪е˱, ⻨ʹĺģ΢΢üҲѹ
ߺСڴǰű紵ҡڵĺġ
뿪һĹ⾰ܶ¶ˡ
֪˲࣬ΪʵΣǣǰҲǵȵ鰲ȲŸҲǳڽ˼˽⡣
룬Ǻʰ֪˴£ӱ߹ظϻؾǣܹͺʰдŰ⣬ʱѩҲ֪¡
ֻصݣ˵֪Ѷ޵üΪģէһҲͲٳһ£ֻҪƽĻűá
һͬݵģֻаܾ͸ҡ
ܾˣһֱֻЩϵ֮һֱˣȻֱˣȴעϰ䣬ڴ£ûжѹοС˵ҴСϰֻΪ˻ȥܰȶգҲýɱˣҶԲǻ£̫Ҫϡ
ܾΪϲСߣƽڣǼ򵥵뻻طΪ£ھ±ǰ¥ϳҲԸպ˿ڣСһ뿪Сݣһֱչˡ
ûٺܹйκεҲ֪ܹǷ߰ߣУҲ紫ǰ㣬»
٣ҲԼŵֻҪڻλһգͲ߶
СҲɽӹǿĲżȻˡ
ܹͺͻʹһˣȨƲһѪĶΪССһŮλ
ݺ;Ǹ̫ԶҲҪò͵£Ҳֻ䴫šǲĻֿ߷ֿ˵棬˻ҪģһȥҲⲻдϢպΣȫԵ֡
ʱѩ֪ȥ˹ְȥ뾭ԺѧΪة࣬ԼʵѧԵʣԺҲ˳ȥһֹټӵܡԺҲаݸ߲ȵͣ۸˵ˡСЩҲÿգȻҲ᲻ʲô̫õĽ飬Ͼݣ˽ԺÿնҪ˱ѧϰУѧĶ
ҲҪǮģܵǮȥ
*
̶̵ʱʶӦ  
ܶ˶˵Ϸˡ
ƺ˺һߣòǫͣڳϺ鷢ҲἥЦЩĳӡ
ǰ˵ǸܹϣԸƵ϶ӡ
˵ѹ̫İ䲻ã˵ˣǰ˭ܹ¡
ܶⲻֹһ˱ԹܹƢˣȥʱҲֻǵȻôˡ
ʺûٹܹ˵ûлᡣ
ڹ˰󣬺ȻȤĻʺ˾ƣվڸ߸ߵĹǽϴõ磬֧ŮӸǽһԾ¡
һգܹӹȥ˺ÿϺͷ棬ϣܺˣÿһĻ
ʺԾµʱ򣬿۱ſ
¹ǽҲڹ⣬ûһ
ܹۣʬϡ
ع˭ҲûмʲôҲû˵Ĭͷ
ͬһҪ뿪߳ȥҲӳǽˡһһмϣҪǸʱֿ鰸ϵš
Сдʱѩġ
Ϳʱʢֻϧû١
ܹ̱侲ûٺ˼롣
ʱǰ·谵ô߶ֻбţ뵽С־һûôƺڰҲܼһʱҲһ˿ů⡣
ʹΨһǣҲˣ£ֻ뻻
ǵ˪ѩԼһθȴֲĹʱ˾סĶȴһ𣬽ڻȵճ˽̿һһֱӵ˹ңҹĻŨһֱڶⳡڱ
ΪûҪ̺ˣȻĹҲΪֻЩǵ֪ܹڴ廳̫ʱһжѾˡ
ʵۼݱ֮˲ŷӦһжô˳¡
ʵӣƽΪλͱӦΪ谭ܣܶҲڳãλҲΪ·ͻȻʲôӡ
ܹΪ̺ܶ·ͽԼ°׵
³⣬ûǳʲôӣߵİƽͣһ˿˳Ҳû
ȫܶһֲٰ죬һˣܶȥҽ˼Թʱܹͤкͽ˼裬һɣæͷת
ȥдŲ⣬ʵֵˣ˶ڿӢţǰջкЩСҪȥ㣬иĵιȥˡ
ܹü Ϊ벻𣿡
˼̧һۣʣΰţ
ܹĿϣָʶߵأƺʲôݵĳĬ󣬲ŴЩȥɣҲڣֶ߰ˡ
˼ͷЦһ
ǰʱգݰŵ˻˵иСΪɲ˵ֵý˻ģܹ񵱳ͺǽ˼ȰţܹƢԣ֪ظλӰʲô⡱ 
ܶüһֱû㣬С֪𣿡
Ϊ˲©Ϣδ˵
ֻܶףθ
ܹ񵭵ƳһۡҵݣȻ֪
С˵ݱ϶Ҫѹ㾹Ȼò
Щá
ȷǰСģʱѩͽУûйϢֻֻƬƺϸɾ
СһģԲŻʱѩĿдţҲὫÿһſܿ𣬼Щŵ䴫ţֻҪܿйص˿ҲãȻûС
ܹʵЩԹģҲ˲Ž£ȥԼ
*
ʵۼݱϢظʱСڸԺĻˮɫݣֹؿá
СԺѾĴ㡣
֮ǰһֱдţ˵ʺѡѾ£ǲŵģɿĸ飬Ƶشĵ׸
գգۣʵôˣ
дϢϼݱˡ
ΪԼˣ΢΢ۣһ飺ʲô
ҹȥȾƣˮ̫󡭡ۿСɫԽԽ˵Ļ˵һͣˡ
С㶵վһŶٻתҲü١
˼㶣ҪȰοͼӻһ£㳯һԵȥ
СҺͰܾԼ˶Χߡ
СϣʶŬƽԼ
־úܲ˼飬ݱ
ôܼݱܹôô
ܵġ
ʼղԸţķˣ뿪ʹ
СüģԵԼ˵û£Ѿˡ
ɫǣ۵գ˵Ȼ뿪ˣܹԵ޷֣պͷЩҪȥˡ
á
ǵϢˣӦҲֻ̫ʱ뵽˰취·ϵˣûи
СǿŴ񣬺һԼ£ȴÿնڵţÿһգľһ֡
ǽ˼ţȰ¡
Сں£ֲֽţֽ߬壬ָס
ãȻ̧ͷܾ޴ܾǼٵġ
ۣˮۿǼٵİɣ
ܾĬŲ֪λشֻ߽ס¡
գСѻʲô᲻ԺĻҲǸտܾĲС뿪Լߡʱڰؿ飬ֻעЩ㷢òҳſűῪʼۿĪ졣
ҺϲλϿֱӣҲ֪˭Ļһֱ԰ܾ˵Ҫù͸ύµɾλӲò˫ȫΪֺãβù￴أ
޹ˡ
˵ޣӲظˣ֪ˣҲЩ
ܾòףЩԼ͹˵
ҺС˵ֱܾ꣬ˡ
ѡã֪С㽫ϡе͵͵ߣС͸
СԺ￴һȥ٣Ѿ䵽˼㡣
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ԼзƣǨŭˣǿش˻ˣҲûʲôֻƺʺ٣ζٻʱ򣬿ϧ
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