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˭˲֪С֪ҷûȵѡĴС㣬í˾ҪΪԼҲӵӭȢնС㡣˭֪һʥּС½״Ԫɡ
һҹС״ԪӯӯһЦ״Ԫɰ紫԰㡣
鼸״ԪɷСֻ̰Сɰ
״ԪɷС㰮鰮֮Ů֮鵽֮ãֻ仹СͼԼ鰮֮¸棬Ϊϧ
һ״ԪɷС㲻鰮ǰԣ״Ԫ˸СȤҲ޿ɺǡ
ֹ״ԪɷСи÷˻֣˺ϻ˵Ļ״Ԫûҽˡ
Сװʮƭˣ״Ԫǰȫ©ݡѻ֮ʱ̲ס䱧Թˣ˵ͷϣűƿˡ
﴿СĸûûεС˾
ע1.ֻŮű䴿С

    2.ߴСѧˮƽ

ո



ڹ  İ

ڱ߽߳Ƶˣٵʱ򲻹Ԫ͹ߵԵɺ£Ӵߵ߽ĥһĥɲˣδսδδȫʤֱƵڹ˾ǧ

Ԫ֪ҪؾˣƲڼңл͡

ؾ˵£޵˱ۣһ͵

ܼҽϢΡΡʣŶˣ

󽫾ϵҩ۰ŭ˵ˣ´һš

ҰⲶһѻ̣ȤãƤë˳һֻ

ܼ룺ˣҪǰȥ¶ܱץĵĳﻮŽ;̸ǻϼңûʵҹҡ

ȻּǸӰָףѱ˰£ƵСϻ˲èؽӣ͵

˹ϵԻͣ¥Լɺµ֪ȥⱻԪ͵ˣСϻתָӡ

ǣʲô棬ֱӰˣ

Ůһ⡱

Ԫ뵽˲Ĺȥˡ

Ůɻ

ԪͶп¶ˡ

һգŮֻСϻ

ԪͲţҼǵиϻżȥնԡ

һֵɳ¡

ǺڻһƯxûʵ綯ĵܳ蹫
==================

 1 

⼸ղ¥̸ֵĪ̫½״Ԫɵ˶˵̫ҵĶСǸõģǫޥĸ֮ҹ嶼ĦȭƵף֪һʥּȽ˳Ŵ󳼡
ʥּ죬̫˲ʹȥǿѹɫּ̫˹ֺһᡣֻ֮˲㡣
̫Ӷʪ,˵ʱ빬ʱ,ҾҪΪı÷ý߰޵ھһֽͻ飬Ϊٶ޶ס
̫ڷﷳⲽüͷ˵ǻּҪֹŷ˿޵˫ͨ컹οĪ,Ҽ״Ԫ,̸²زǳ֮,նһɳ,޹ȥҲԿ
ǰ״ԪүҲ˵ʲôǳسɴ,Ȼ,ϲһ,˸ûͷ̫̲סײ
̫վڷͣԼ̰,Թñˡ
ʲô̰,ϳƲ˼׻ʰɡû˵㱻졣
̫۴˵⻰Ҳ˵ģ֪֪ǽж
ɫ԰֪Լ˵˻鼸ʮӣһս߰ο˲ԺΣȻڻǾǻͨ·һЩ⼸صãҲõ̫οֽڳΪ٣۸
̫˻˵ʲôʱС˵С
ɡ
һλźɫҩ廨µļ˽
ֹס̫ԼŮ񼡻òģ̲סۣ̫һתͷֿʼ޿䣬ƲԵ滨ľѯʣ£
]ش𣺡ĸ׵֪Ůбᣬοһ
̫ͻȻͻ鵫ǱԵãи̾ĺãüĿ˵ĸ׵ȷܣҪȰο
̫˲丸һףֱǰסŮְĸûãΪһλ÷
ĸ׺γԣŮ˵ͻ󣬱Ҫð̽һϢȫƴǫһ˲ţǺߵͷһЦ˵˼ȻܵûʶԴͻ飬ˡ
̫ԥ˵ھδи㡣
]ǣĸ׵̷ϣǳЦ˵ĸ׺αصģŮǰ֮ˣҲΪּ֮ҸֳڣҳԿࡣ
̫䲻ĵɫѺöˣԴȤȰο첻񼸾䡣
]ǳЦ̫߶ȥ鷿칫ĸŮһЩ强
̫˼̫ߺ˵ί˵ھҲҪΪ
]ĸϸĸ˵ʲôأʲôίԴͻǹҫ֮£ĸ׵ֱƼݵ˵Ůֻһ¡
̫˵עȻʲô
]սĸ׶˵Щʲô
⺢ӣˡ̫һĳЦ˵ûأģˡ
˵֪ˣ]һСŮ̬˵ĸ˻һŮҪ˲߶ܲܳż˰ɡ
̫Цڣ㻹Խ˵Խˣƽʱһ޼޵ӡ
]ûȰοǵӵܴμ˴˴οƿһʿ״ԪŮȻѹķˡ
̫̾˿ǷʲôЦ˵ȻǼõġ
ͬĸź]ˡ
̫˰Ūݲݣ̫԰Ҳ컨Ѥã¥ţˡ
]ĸ׼ԣ˽ס
ԶƼС㣬ڻоȻһλĵŮӸ]˵
]Ավ£߹֫һһҷȹƮݣһ㣬ˣܿܽصĳ࣬ˮһһЦǹ˻ꡣ
߽밲С㰲]Զ;СӰƮݣ˸СüĿ续
]洽Цһղ˵ˡ
ô˵ҲʵҲЦ롰ֻһܶ¶СĻ¡
]Ц˵Уϵ˼ܴģͷ߻ƵڣֹЦƵ˵һϴͻ̸ۡ
ﴹԵֽץɫ糣ڣС˵ȻǶԵģҲ¶С˲硣
Ϊ¿״Ԫ̸ֺ磬ŻԻʶΪơ]󿪵ﺣģϸǰˣƢЩҲΪһˣãЦڣ ﻹЩɣϸָ۶ˡ
һһ󣬻άЦݡС˵ǡ]ԭһյ飬ָ̧˸ڣڣҾͲͻˣ߰ɡ
￴]յת뿪޺޵һţŮ˵Ҳߡ
]һ·еػԼԺӣݺǾϴɢȥΣٻڴЬʹ˽齰ᵽǰһƤ¡
ı߸ʱ̲סѯʣСͲĻϵĴͻ𣿡
]Ա߼Ϸŵľ˵𣿡ϸϸľЦڣѾˣֲǲµĺӻȡ֡˵꽫ľݸģʾŻȥ
ŵײľŻԭ̾˿С˵ǣζС㣬ô˵Ҳ̫ˡ
]֧ͷʵЦ˵ˣػᱻˡ
ȸԾ˵Ѳ̫֪
Ϊһ֮Σ¼ҹΪ԰˲٣ٻ֪Щ
վһ˵շˣ᳤Щԡ
]ЦãԽŲþͺģЩֲûûĹҲûͷûԵĹ̼䣬ЩȨġ
ֻǵԼװ˼󷽵Ƥطòʹ
Ժﻹƽ˾
ԺΧˡ]ߺ̫Ҳû˯ŵѾʣֳô˵ģ
Ѿ߻Ĵͳһֽݸˡ
æ򿪿дŴ˿иõİˡ
ȻŮûˣҪְ׼ױˣǰͿʼˣΪ꣬ϡ
̫߱Ұģ״ԪɼҲȡ类ƸΪ˺ʹլԺʱסʱֻ򵥷һ£û뵽¾Ҫװ㡣
ڳԽˮһ£ֻ¹û뾹Ĵø˻顣Ҳ˵λǵĽ֦ҶձĪͻǻԹҪԧ͸ˡ
ʱԼФ˼ڹСãʧЦдţӦ֪ɩͻһ£ɩԶҲ֪ܸܲϵϳա
׼Ƹ񣬶ԷҪĸȢƸټӺջ򼸸˻ǲί˶Է
һ¶ҪˣЩæ                        
лҪ˵ߣΪʲôԼľҪ˰Żȥ
]Ϊ˸ҵ
~
Ԥչ 
İ󷨣
ڱ߽߳Ƶˣٵʱ򲻹Ԫ͹ߵԵɺ£Ӵߵ߽ĥһĥɲˣδսδδȫʤֱƵڹ˾ǧ
Ԫ֪ҪؾˣƲڼңл͡
ؾ˵£޵˱ۣһ͵
ܼҽϢΡΡʣŶˣ
󽫾ϵҩ۰ŭ˵ˣ´һš
ҰⲶһѻ̣ȤãƤë˳һֻ
ܼ룺ˣҪǰȥ¶ܱץĵĳﻮŽ;̸ǻϼңûʵҹҡ
ȻּǸӰָףѱ˰£ƵСϻ˲èؽӣ͵
˹ϵԻͣ¥Լɺµ֪ȥⱻԪ͵ˣСϻתָӡ
ǣʲô棬ֱӰˣ
Ůһ⡱
Ԫ뵽˲Ĺȥˡ
Ůɻ
ԪͶп¶ˡ
һգŮֻСϻ
ԪͲţҼǵиϻżȥնԡ
һֵɳ¡
ǺڻһƯxûʵ綯ĵܳ蹫

 2 

Խʥּ̫ﲻ㣬ðСĻ񣬸չܶ䣬ǲиһ֡
뾩հ참ˣ̫Щ˰źãͷͷֱվԭ밲ĳѲˡ
Ѿ߻ͮ˵үߵķӦȥ˶Сǡ
µֲסһѾ߲ŻصմѾߣ˸и
̫˽ǵеã˸鼫ãϼ˺ҲС°Ҫֳͨϸϸ˽ЩĸΪ֮һ
Ȼмƣ뵫Ҳô֮¡
Ժ]ϸϸŻ֦˱С㣬үˡ
¼תͷ˵ӭ
žͼСڰڷŻƿļػԼ
Ь̤ľذϵ]ת߹ȥ˵ˣȸĸ밲ˣشЦڣ˵ԺĻôÿЩԭϲѶ
һͬ£]ȸ˱ˮ
һĵǣСɫƽʱ޶ĪЩɸ֣֪ʥϴͻһ˰ɡ
Ƕ˰ɣո޼Ľ֪꣬뵽ʲôЦſڣ粻ҲҪ˵ʲôίͿ֮Ļɡ
˿ڲˮһ·æظģһˮĹûϡô˵ͦģ
]Ц𣺡ʥϴͻ鵱Ȼ⣬ҶԷλӣ˲Ӧ𣿡
˵Ƥúܣʱĸһݡ
ĸޣȻв̹˵߽֦ƿŤŤ
ҲŽ֦Ҷ϶дŵСãƨɺתİӣ㱼ͳͤͤĹҪˡ
̲ס̽ʥδͻ飬ĸػΪ࿴꣬ʼҹ߹ٴ󳼽ԿСһ˿һԸȥּȥͻ顣
]ƿƿֱӶԷ˵粻õģͦģʥҶԿ
⣬ǰĸ׽˵ĻڣɫǸʵӡ˵˸ĸţǹľǣȻ޹ȥźţֻöһ˶˶˼װģȻǱȾмɡ
̬٣˵С⣬Ҳ˵
ǰֲĵĿڣѴȱʲôҴ硣
]Ц˵Ȼʹ
ͳԺźԺòɻӣȴȥ˻԰
Ժŵ˹㣬ȻȲһЩȥ𻨸ԡ]ŵ˵
ЦӦ
ڳ˸䣬ӭվ˸ˡ
ǹﴩһ̵Сж˸վǣǹսǷŵ辰ģ]ЦǺǵĴкվأ
͵辰ͷ񡰶á]˷˵ÿζ֣ǽúαں
ÿ춼ҪһȺ˴̫䷳ҲЩĿ
µĿ㣬Ǻߵͷ˵мΪĽ㣬Ҳ
ֿʼˡ
]ǰС˵þǻ˵ЩûüȻ⿴羰ҾͲˡ
ò۸㡣
СЦҪȥ԰ת𡱼]ͷЦ㴿ࣺǶҪЩϾ֮˼кûôĻ԰ˡ
ǾԼҪ˾Ͳѹһͷ
]Ц˵Ҳǵö࿴˻ûͷĸײһָ̧˸ܼµӣŶԷϳ԰ҲãŸѤĶУһ԰Ĳôô󡣡
˵ˣͷˣͲÿˡһͨ󣬲ӦʩʩȻˡ
˳ȣϻ԰еʯ·]һ³С·š
ļС󣬷߷ߵ˵С㣬ԷǱһĶ̫ˣշ˸ﻹԣ˸С㡣
]ժ˶ľܽأãȴ̲ס飬֭ʪƣʣĸоȴޱȡøɾ˿ֲɾٽ˵˿ݸģӹĵݵһ˿
ƿڣôûҳʲô£Ҳûܴʲôò˸ᣬȻ뷽跨ĳ׼һƤ⡣
ıĽ˿ɰ˵ūƲС磬ѧС㴩˵һС㡣
ѧѧȥѧҵʱҲˡ뵽ղϴ辰ʧЦ߰ɣӦõˡ
]ȥŹ𻨸򵥣Լ˼̣ԺЩ֮䴫ССүǶûǵϢ
Դͻ󼸺Ƕ̫ɼʵ۴ͻҲɽ󣬲ټеŮңͻ˿εͷĹ˸ġԼŮ˾ǰһˡ
֪˼ҼаȴţھٵøԼ˴̽ģǰ׸ˡ
³ʱԱȤʱ֪Լδ˾㣬ԼĽСŮһ
ˣԺʰźѣĽСҪĻֵ㣬ԱվԸ
]ܵĲϣķŻᡣⱾ˵¥ģֻĽЩطȤšЩѵǴ֮õĲӣҲ֪ΰ졣
ʱֻҪŵ˾УϾӷ浹һֻˣЩͲˣðѲҲߣԺֻѹײˡа̾ţ˻治úá
ͷһȥĵƣͷ]˻ᣬʵС
ɣࡱ
ǡ
ţѾˡ
һʱ䣬ԡˮѾˡ
]ڵԼƣ̧ͷǰղɵĻ𡱣ϴγ˹˸㣬ժĻ
Ѿˡ
ѽҪϴİװˡ
ԡ˸ͷ]ϣ˸ָͿޢով룬Ⱦɫ֣϶Ҳÿ
һߣһԷҪƸݻˡ
ĸȥԺѣ˵ɫ˲٣ͨˡ
⼸ҪɰˣСǶɰδ˻ֻǸйĻؿͶЩף͸ĺɰͺöˡ
˶మһ࣬⼸ʾ˸๵ɺףźɰţôĺ幤ȻֻǽռӵɺľһЩ
ūɺҪɳ㡣Ա߿ڡ
]Ц˵ҲɺúáָʶĲֻɺס
ڶ]˸磬ϴӽе˼۵ġھǰͷ磬һ֧ƽٵĽ촩Ķɫٵױѡ
߸ŷٱߴȤСմôƯҪȥ𣿡
]黶Ծ˵
ǰԺ˵ҵȻܼӾŮһЦȻӦۣЦˡЦƲң˻ᣬŴš
ѾˣǰĸţýģֻýСϲÿԼˣЩƣҲ̹Щ
̫һͬӭĿͣһ˫ʶ١ǻʵ۴ͻ鶨ӣˣԼĶڰ·֮ġ
÷񣬿öˣϸƸӣĶЩ̸䣬̲ס̾˵˫ȫȴҲ׸ƣҲǸõġ                        
лҪ˵ߣֻ
磺
]ױУݳòƯ
~

 3 

ϸڲϺ̫絽԰С;ϸ̸
̫˵֮ȴͤˡո̫˲ԼͬУֻ˴ԼЩˣСܻǰһԼδ
Ȼߵţ̫԰޵ĵȷͦãȥԽǼլ£ͨˣ԰Щ
绹˼뷨Ŀԣ]վڳȹսǴԶԶһͤˡΣţĪλͨģɰĪ¡ȻԷӦһֽͻ֣벻δžͽˡԺҲ̹
岻֪ǼСֻһۣ洽͵Ц
ˣЦˡһСѾͷģҰѺɰ͹ȥ
嶼ˣĸװ뵽԰ˣʲô
ЦӦˡ
Ǳ翴һŮĹЩɻ󣬽ˣƺ˶ˡ
񣺡μˣ֮óҼС壬¡
һֻĺɰӹ͸Աߵ֦ҶֻɰϣĹ鲨ɰϵɺ׾Ҫƹ
֪жŮһ˵Ц˵ͷС㣬ˣҺϲ
ļºһ񣬸ˡ
ͤ̲סȥŮķ򣬹Ȼˡ
]˾ٶһһǿɫĻʱĲ̬Էϲˡ
]δ㣬ֻͷ˲࣬Сȹ¶档Լ˼ˣҪøУʱҪҪ¶¶Ľߣץסġ
˶һ£ϡܿϼҷȹһǲԸ¶档
ˣɰ
ֶһᣬ̫ȥһۣԭڹսǴСﲻˣеĺɰϸֻɺ׵ţܼǷ
]Ů˶Ժĸջ̲סĻС㣬˴ĦŶԷԣԺһӣ֢ܶҩܽ˰һ𣬵Ҳĸǰ㡣
ӽжٹٻ˼ңԳֱ˸һȵ̬ӹÿνĵúܣ˵һ仹ȲƽռҲΪ
ĸױҲ޸ҲǽǸʵʵڵˣʱʮֽ绨ѩ֮£ҲϾŵķӡҿԷзԭǹʢĻˣǹǰȥѡ˸סǵʱĸڣײĸȰסӲҪɽ
ʱСҲ֪һĸױȴάĸӣ˴ӹ°˸ӽ
Ƕʱĸ׳˫۽§ס˵һµŮѡ
ȴѣֻҪװģͺˣΪʲôҪԼϿ̡
ڽʱ]óĸԽԽ꣬һԺ顣
ĴҴҽԺ˵С㣬Сˡ
]ɫеĲеİƽ·ϵ壬˵ӭȥ
]ʱϤһ]Ůѧռ˼ĵһû뵽ڼ˸ͷ
վⲻ˽ȥֻ£ӦƵš
ƣҸʱˣǧޱӣ˵۸㡣
дܣøλõˡ]ͻȻ֣ÿǻСǺҲƣŲӡ
վڣдܣʥּĸ˵Ӧ徻Ҽ񷱶࣬ϵղĪҾͺáСǷ׷ױʾ
]ǰ£Ц˵Ϊã㲻ô֣λ˵ʲôֲֵġ
ձԾ࣬Ǹ˵˵С㣬һȭ޻ϣЧŭֿڣȻǽн㣬ԽΪȼˣܳƵö𣿡
˵֪ˡ
]о͵ٿڣһٽĻȥ϶˵ȵ˵ұλѧһ꣬СЩȻе˽ġ˵̲ס¶Ц⣬յرǣЦ˵ұλһĸ߷̼֪꣬ʥϾּ⡣
Ŵͻǹҫ棬Ľġ
λСǻ˵ʲôˡ
񣬽վĸ㣬ûдŵλСɡһλŻĸ뽪Žˡ
С㿴ݺ󣬷׷񡰳Ůμݿ
ضɡݿЦӦˣСλóŮϲյ
Щ
ݿȿڣߵԺʱ򣬾˵ʲôõģȤĺܣôڲ˵ˣ
ݿһЦ⣬С˸ҽӲ硣رλСָקȹڣɫҵĽͷ£]ûά⿪תƻ⣬һصĴܵζĻҡ
֪ĸ׽ĸСд߲ҲĸһһˡϧĳЩ˷ǵײÿζҶҲûӮô
ǽԱ߽˻Ӧˣ뽪̸ż]䣬λСԶϸ
ݿǲŲգЦ˵ҵˣ˼ӦУˣȥ԰䣬ҸʱĿúá
˳ȥݿԽ˵ã⺢ӽ̵ñЩ²ŲңҲǸ£ŮһֱǽϵͷȻضá
üڣλ·ʷ˼ҵģ
ݿ˲һ˵ǽʷ
ʷ֮λȴ¶ϲ壬ʷԭĲףٹټҷ˶֪Щ
ݿһмڣΪС˼õ㣬һ˵ôˣһȦӵģ˭֪˭ҵĵף˵ʱ򻹲ǺԼ
ݿЦ˵⻰˵ǡ
]Ǳ߽˴ˣСҽȻȥˣͼλĽˡ
ȿڵǸʱ򣬸պˣҲ֪˵
]סĽַҲڣʱҾܾòã֪ӦˣҲ˵ʲô
]ǲЦ˵ûôˣ˵ҲԸֲһһϦˡ
˿ǽ˼ԼӲʹǿɲ뱻ݿϡ
λСһˡ
]ߺ󣬾С㣬ȥԺš
Ժ󣬼ݿҲڣĸݿϵһܣƽøŵҲ
źݿ״һ䣺Ѧ֪ھУ֪ĺþôˣ»Ҫϻһ֡
Ц˵Сʱˣ⼸Ѧ֪⣬Ѳϵˡ
ݿЦŷˣСʱļãѦ֪飬ˡ
]ţѦ֪СʱĽ˸ｫȥ˱߽һ߶꣬ͻȻ滹ܾΰɣҲû˵
ļ䣬Ѿˣݿȥˡ
]Ÿˡ
ԺӺ]ڰеĲóŵáǸʱ俴ĻΪάС
ԡ󣬵ͷˣ]Ϩ˵ƣ׼Ϣ
̫һֵ˸罫ͳһ顣ΪҪףʥ˰¼٣ÿԽвһ£ȥ뼸λСӦûϲݲݵģ԰ѻ԰һޣڵլҲº󣬵˹ˣСԼôޡ
ߵĺɰĺá
һ˯ѺյֳĻصţֳ˵һ˵⣬ʵ߲ӿܻЩ翴󣬾Щ֣ɩӼЩС⣬ôͻȻ⡣ֳ˵ֻС£ģ̫ܲ
̫࣬˻»гϵʥ˼٣ƽְ±ÿն͹Գȥһˣֻдһţ˼Ӽ͵ϡ                        
лҪ˵]ɰ
磺ã

 4 

]죬ĺãơ̫ź񣬺ϲ졣
ݱĸʱ̫ϣֱӺ۾ŲᣬԸ]Ϻͷ
һ߳ʮ̫ſڴ米ϵ]ͻȻᵽˣĸ׶ѷ֡ԭٽţ˲Сˡ
ϽεʱСõ֣ս˵ѴҴ磬绤ס㡱
ͻȻӾˣܿް֬ϵĿƯˡ
һ·ģȸֳƾһȦ˷ͷ
ֱ·˷׷ּͣ׵Ļġ
ʹڻʵȥ⹬óޣˣ
صȥҪлûϴͻ顣
ʵĴЦ˵̫޶ʱ޻תתĴָϵİָȻõ̫ŮУȺ䡣
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ʵЦ˵޻㡣
ЦӦˡ
ȻʵߺϣֻûӲ
Ϊ糯ȨһŮڻʵۿȷ㲻ʲôΪʲôһ߸Ϊõ̬˵ð
ָקӣվԱߵŮ״ǰסܵ£ĸΪˡ
׵ĶѾ鸮ϣ]бһ񣬺ɫͷңֻܽקźԱϲŲǰߡ
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СһعأļС΢ҡͷҲȰ͹صվȥ
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׵ʵ۵ûš
񱾾ڻƻʱʼģԵ˸ɹٹһͨƺֶʱѾˣλӸ󣬵·ʱֱſһƣŲ˵Ƚȥ
Уý͵ſǵĹɡ
Ѿϲ򣬷˫Ľ˿ůƵ˷ݱ䣬öǻϲǱĴһӡϲŽϲӳӹͷ΢ͷʱͷҲ̧ߵˣͷϵķŶ졣
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ϲѾƶˣ˷ֱһƣϲŵļ黰º¡ϲֶһӣ]ҧˣϲЦʣ
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]ͷԼЬ˵áǺ߲ҿˡ
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ױ̨ϣͷɢͷʱվԿ]䴽ǣȻŶ˵Եɡ
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ˣЦͻ˵ǿ°ɡվǰͷܿڷִϡ
÷ζڱǼ⣬Էϵ¶ȷ·͸һ´ļϣʹ֮ᣬ뵽ҪлϺһƬ
]̧ͷǰЦţΪҪվ
ңеϸ׵ĸ첲ںɴ֡
׺ĵһ죬簴ƽʱʱ˻˯˾˯ţǾͶ]
˰װȺϲ
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һͷԼ˻]һ붯͸оԼ˺˳һر£ۣͲǲдġ
ǲƭˣ̫
ϡǵöԷнˮϴܶˡ
ʣҪҪϴţ
뵽Ҫȥҷ˯ˣȹʱҪÿϳ˾ͿԶ˯ˡ
´˵·ù䣬͵洩ɡ
]ӹ·ɵţúÿǺðǰûһ棬˯һܿʼˣǸղסĵİɡ
룬ȴ˵ƽȣ⽫˵ɾҷ㴩ɡ
Լ֪˽ôƺɷģһɾе̫Щշ˲Ǻɬ
Լϵߵ߰ﶯЩƣ]ϻҹһ÷ζСв·δ˱Ť
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ڼ]ĿбӶױ̨ߣİͷ
׺ĵһӦȥž裬⣬Ҫһȥдݼ丸ĸ
լӿĵطһֱŸͷûطӣղżȫòвٵط׵ĺ񣬳棬ƽһů⡣
ú󣬶˰ߵݡһ·صԺš
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ſӣϲĻΪʲôոһɾˣ                        
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 5 

]ź׼ȥլ䣬Ϥ]ƴˣԹΪء˵ԵȻٰ죬]һΪģģ˼ȦӲû˵ԼţܺϤŮһİ
ߺ]˿һи͸оӿû˯ãԺһ֦Ҷïס˴۵Ľ
˰ŵ¡Сƺ˯ͱë̺롣]˯Ūڿ佱һܸɰ
ЦŸǺë̺˱ˣվԱߺţʲôˡ
ԺſһСˣ͵ּۣҴҵˡ
ǸղĺߵġĵĶԱߵ˵
ţ뿴Сʲô
ճ׵Ůôֲ𣿡
֪Ҫ֪С޳ȥ
ҲŲҪ޳ȥС̹
鷿ű죬洫ŵġɡ
ŵǸո͵СˡˣСĸȥˣԺϢ
һɫС˳ȥˡ鰸̯ŵ㶼ûȥֻý鱾ŵԱߣֽ־ġ
ϲֵʱ˼顣
дֽԺ˻֮ȥ
һ˵̫٣]עɾֻ̰ɫˡ
ͬһʱ̵ĳϣʵ޺Ǹˣھǰһ䡣
ʵȻʵӣȻʱʥ赫ΪǵĩβȻÿÿἰΪ̫ʱȺԡȻʱЩˣֳ̫һ£СЩ˭֪Ȼʻûȵӳˣֻ֮ǰҴ˿͡
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Ȼʵѹ·ǻ󣬾ѹ˱ҾӣҲ߷˻յǻʱ֮·߸ӣϳִߵľҰĻһʱþ벻ˡ
֮˯ʵһֱͨƾȡʿ͢ˮһ˲ţȻҪΪ̺ù·Լսһ
³󣬾ûͰĸݺݵ˵Ϊ͵ס𣿽ϳʱȻƵǰǲҪƨˡ
үĪʵ̫ˮһٿѾ̫ǴʱӦþ䣬û˵꣬㱻ͻȻŭľϡ
䣿ϴνб䣬ʾͳûּѻλߣαģ뾡ܲǸλˡ
ĸ˫ֽճȭһȰŭӣЩ͵ԺȰүǺ£֮й¶Ӧӳ顣
ʧֱ˵ɲһһӳ飬ˣû¾ͳ뿪ɣûϴβҲŪϸ״Ԫһ鲼»Ǳɱɱġ˵ֱӴ󲽿⡣
ĸ˲Ȱ裬Ҳͳ˾˵Իûѻλ㡣
һʱ±ʣˣǷ̰ɫ]Լˣһ˳Ȼɡ
ϵֽʰһȥ]Ϊ˷ݽ칫鷿ǰԱߣƽʱϢԺڻ԰Աߡ
ԺﾲĵģûС˸ԽȥˡŮ񣬾ֱǴô
ϵ˯󣬺ȣһͷںڵķɢԡ̲סû뵽˯ŵ˾Ȼۡ
]ʵˣΪʣƣܾͲԺоȵĶԼһ۾Ͷ硣
µջ֣ƽȵ˵˯»ǽЪϢɡ]綥ɹĽ
ź˵ӣ]վˣϸ˵лġҪǲһܶɻᡣ
翴΢ͷӲɸ̾˻Ǻܽߵġ
󣬶˽ݣ]ĻȥϢᣬԷʱٽ]ܽˣ˻·ˣѾ˯ˡ
Ҳû˵ȥ鰸ݸԱŵ]һºͣȻ˲ˣһ𿴿ɡ
]ӹ鱾ɨϧϲĲֵġ
ŷ˲ʢӦϲģǲ֪ϲʲôģոյݸ˵һӼǣǼ¼˸طףãҲ֪ϲϲ
飬˼ȫ棬Ͳסʵƽʱʲô飬Ҷ׼Щ
ҲǴʱ⿴ЩΪ״ԪزѾ㹻ˡҪ׼ϲǲ
˲ǫʲôϲȥСҲ鲢࣬ȻҪȥ㡣
˼̸һᣬ͵磬˰š
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]λεĺܲ˿򴽣ҪֱӸԼԺܲ뵽˸մͻͷʢܲ˿Ҳ촫ȥľԴͻ鲻⣬ڷϺ˴ֵϢ
ҥԵ˵йټҷ˴඼°İԡֻŽܲ˿¡
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һٷ]ǷҪ˯һᣬ]ҡͷ˯ˣڿ϶˯š˰ѹܼҽһһӱ˱ˡ
ܼ˶]ԡˣ⸮ĿҪġ
]ЩȲһլ˱һֱģĸҲн̵ܼȨΪҪǲǧøŮˡ
翴Ը˵ӣԭϲ˱𣿾вŮﾹǸСԣԽԽɰˡ
һ󲿷ʱ]ں͹ܼ˱ʲôʱ뿪û⡣ȵƻʱ]ŽĿͳòôãΪӭȢӻ˲٣ĺҲ٣һ㣬Ҳʱ䡣
˼ˮͣˣµİ]򣬡С㣬ˣ
]һ˵ԺǵøĿڣܽСˡ
ĹصӦˣȻְ˼
ʱˣηûкܲҲûĪĸвˣ]ĵĳһ١
ԡ󿴼ڴڵоԼˡ
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˵Ǿ͸ϿϴϢվʲôɼ]ģ˲䶮ˡϷʵĿڣֻͷһջ֮£֪ȥˡ
]ǿװȶģֻЩϢˡ
Ц˵Ƿϴɡ                        
лҪ˵](źܲ)
磺ţ

 6 

]ڴڲ࣬۾װ˯ˡϵ˯ʱѾòУͷһͷ˯ˡȻУԱ˸ˣúܱŤرǸղʹ˵̸ǳΡ
뷭ɣﴫOO@@жˡ]彩Ӳţ֪Էʲô
ȻֱŹסˣоֻסֲûĶ󣬷塣ûü˼˯ŵ˻᲻ᱻѵ⣬иµ񾭾ů÷㱻˯ˡ
Աߵ˽ƽȵĺ̲סͷܿ]Ķ䣬ŵС롣߳Ͽȥͷһͷϣں䶯òΡΡ罫һ첲ӱóСĵĲ壬ָǸͷ
ǻûнᷢ]һͷڷţ˯˲ܽѣٽᡣ
ڶѹߵ˻˯ʶתͷ]ôѣ컹Ҫᷢġ
Ϊǰһֱ˯ò̤ʵ]˽ŵʱͱˡ˯ǰŲҪرܶ˯ᣬҲûš
Щѣ˽ᷢô˯ʵڲǸ÷£ô˯ţԼֻᷢѡ
˳ʱţ翴Ժѹ˿˽̡
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ױ̨ǰʱ˹Ķͣվ̧ͷļ򿿽˵ˣǻûнᷢ
ͭģӰһޱȣߵ÷㣬]ͻȻˡ
ûִ֣µĳ룬ó˼]һͷһ˿¡ӹǷ˿żԼͷһУ˵ͷһ𣬱߰Ц˵ᷢΪޣɡЦ͸ġ
]룬ᷢͽᷢôŪȻ˶ԡѹϵЦӦ˵Ļ
]ãѾˣȥ˵ģûǰʢںθڣ˹ĳ극ȥ̫
]֮˰ӵľ룬Ǿ˹һĳе͸ʱߵ֣ƿ̻ԴӴͻûϽ߹ˡ
ĲԶ־͵ˡ̫ſСţ鸮һ˸Ͻȥ
µ]קסݹ³һɿԽţ̫ѾӭˣΣ]ֻþֻ֡
Сүǿˣǡ
ȥǰ·ˣƼյ֣]δǰǾСı񣬼ÿ϶в˶û˾н
ɿ֣ڿϵʱɿģҲ˵Ҳǣֽġ]з޷޲ƽбǣĸǰȥ
̫˳٣]ǻŵʱ˫׶ڼСҲ̫ж۰Ů˼
Ե]׽ʱһ̲סᣬĸΪĵ˵زڼҵû̫ӦϾҪиŮ۰мӡ
̫밲̫ЦǺǵˣ¡
̫λƽҼǽųģ޵ûҰɡ
ºһЦ˵Цˣοɰϧôҡ
]һƳ۶ˡ
̫򸾽һЦ⣬һۣ͵ĿڣүΪǾͺáֿһԱߵŮ˵Կ䣬Сүм£Ҳ˵Ĵԣ¸ĸģʵϧޣүԺܶ֡
˵Сǽ
˵ĸ⻰Ͳ˵ˣȻ޸ңұȻãܰί]ĳƺһ㶣ĸԣҲû˵ʲô
⻰ȴЦÿӻŵʱ˵඼ҪǶˣ⾩Ļôİԡ
ǽ͵ĵ˵ͷֿŮ̫ǣүԺһ¶ˣҴȥ˵˵͹үúġ̫Ц˵ȥɡ
]ȥԺڷºһĵʣҲദһˣоΡ]һ˵磬ҲΪˡ
⻰ĿԶ뵽ʲôһţĸҵʱҲ˵ġͷ˳ӣЦһ㸸ˡ̾˿ˣҲһҾ־Ƿҡ
]⻰ܣסĸ׷ϵ֣һֱֻתƻʣҽƼʱǣ֣ںɡ
ĸһȤЦЦ˵ȷҺܺãĸײزġ
˵ĸҲֻΪһأƽƽȵĹӾͺá˵̲ס̾˿оĸҲ֪ЩʥҪӾȨĴʵΣգסҪǧСģû˱˵ĵ
]Ҳ֪ϾǣŮˡ
ˣһһҪ㡱˵űԼߵ]ֻžһϻӴ򿪵ܿ죬߻ȻﱧһϻӣֽϻƵ]ǰ˵׵㣬˶æŪ˾Ƶգ°ɣƷ֮಻ίˣΪҪĵطҲ١
]⻰֪ϻװʲôˣЩʣĸף鸮ҲȱǮⶫҲաЩƸŵĲͲ٣ǲٰ磬һְƷӯࡣ
]˵Ҳʹ˵Ƹ֮ĸʱµġ
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˵ͶС˵밲
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ͷŮҲǻ̲סʵҪһҲɽ檣Σ
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һ£οĿڣһֱҲǺ¡۷©վ˵ȥǰɣҲʱ³ôˡ
ȥ·ĵʱ򣬽ЦŽ֮ٶ˳Ҳڼǻţ˾ôҲˣ˻ڴſڴһܡ                        
лҪ˵ǩԼˣ˨t(*?`*)s
ССףһ£ӭСʹۡ
һ£Ȼըۣ

 7 

]ЦʴǷд£һûһڡ
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ʱ̧̫ļ򣬾Ʊ᣺СһлôꡣƱ̫⡣
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Ҳ˵˵ǰ;ޣǼøл㡱
翴]䴽Цһ£һ忡޶ˣ˿İ۳ĵ˸һЦ԰滨ĸо磬]ؿڣЦô˸ʲô
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󣬾Ҫظˣ]˫װݱ뿪߳ȵͱ˽סˣ]Ϥȵȡ
Ҳظ㻹Ӳɣﲻͣ϶˵ȣתͷһº͵Ц⣺к£
СһεĿ첽֪ǸոܵÿˣǱʲôԺٻһҲף˼ɰڽͽףͽмӡ
]⻰֣ٿСƮˣŮ˶ЩЩһ˲ˣǲ̫밲ȥ鸮밲
ݹɰǸӦǲضˡû뵽ҳĸĵһСȻԼá
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˼С۾˵ܣ̫ĻҲŲá˵ֹЦòġ
һɷףԱߵҲû˵˼ɫ͸ˡ
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]û˳һĲ죬ʲôġ
ÿÿ˵ʲôʱ]䲻Ӧȥˡ
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ܷôҹɲȵġ
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û뵽˵˵Ѿˣô˵Сίֻ˵߷ȣֻҪ˱á
]һɫϣҫڵӽαĪǶ֮ûʲôֻڳϷɲðãҲûҪһͷһƷٵϡ
鲻Ծ벻ףˣͷȻֱ
һˣʲôأôԡ񲻾䳯Ų˵λá
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ȷԴӴͻûˣ̧Žȥû뵽濴ˡ
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硰С㲻ض
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ЦӦˣ˵ǵҸհݷãӡ
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лҪ˵]˵ԷʱЦôʲô
磺(ɬĶָ)빴o(////////)q

 8 

]ѣһ·ظʱ춼ˡ
ܺãĬĬ䡣
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ԡһžͿ]ǷģŬıЦ߹ȥ˵ʱ˸Ϣˡ
žͼ]һĹϻӣֶЦ߹ֱϲڿʻһЦֻòʵܼ١
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ס˵ֱ]յû̲סͷ쳤Ҫܿ
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ͻȻعӣҸոˣûɡ
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ԼԶˣ΢򴽣Ҳˣ]һֱֻ˵ûµĻ˯ɡ
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Ұǰһ
ûۣо()

 9 

]ɻ鵱ҹͷⷽɬһɾڣȻ֪˵ʲôˣ]͵ЦϱɫһƬ
Ƽˣһ˺û䶼Ծĺˣһ˵ʵͦóԵġĬĬһ䡰ҪһЩáˣСǲҪƽЩ
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תϵĲյӵĻư״ƲĿ˵塱
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ĳƺüͷ̲סһ壬˵㱻ŪˣͲˡ
յ͵ޣŲҷһ
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ſھ۵ľȻҲˡܿüĲ֮ɫתһȦתˡ
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һƷپ㵱֮ΪϷ                        
лҪ˵磺(ί)
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շݵΪȡʧʧʧԭʧˮ

 10 

ϳĹԱ˾ôɫµѪû˸һ䣬Ͼ˭ˣùͷ
֮ϣһɻһ¡ʵ۸տ˵飬ӦԼ㱻һڵĶغʼ浲˻ȥ
ʵŭЩҧ˵ˤȣ˲Ժ顱һ˵꣬Լһ⡣
Ȼվľ¶ϲ˵ҵһƼá
ʵŭգƫҪάϹ򡰺ˣ
ڴУ˵˻ҲϤǰʯ
㱻˽סĪˣʯڼǰΪ̰۱ȻĨְ
һһϳվ˵ŴԣʯǱȻĨְʱأ
δҲ˵û˼ΪʯѣĪȻְͣʥּ
ʯȻʱְͣ鿴٣鿴Ҳû֤ѵ֮ԩʯڳ֮͢ڼȱʯ˰ϡ
һһѲ˽ƾ٣ҳµһس
ԣڵĹԱĬ룬س˵϶ڴܹվһתơ
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]⣬ʲô                        
лҪ˵磺Ϊǵİս
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ߣĳ¹ڲѵſڵ𣿡
ٺһղأˣ

 11 

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ʵ۽ոչſֽźݺݵקŭĿӡ󱳿һ˵ڼ񻪵
ʵڽϣʯͬȥ¥ԭĴ׼Ͷȥ񻪵Ҳͨ̽һ̫˼
ϻλָýģıǰ̫Լߵ⡣û뵽ô̫꣬ǲŲʡϸ˲֪Ⲣ̫˵ŮǴСĸߵŮ
ʵ۵֪ϢʱΪʲôʱΪξסϢڱ͵ЦҲԴ֪Ϣͺȥˡ
뵽֮٣ߺ޵һȭ׼ͶҲˡѾռȻζþٵõ̫֧֣ͳʵĿܡ                        
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 12 

˼ţѾ񻪵ǰſڵ̫һϲĽȥͨǴŵ񻪵ƽʱʵ۶һۣǵȽϺǴҲعĵġӸܳǾͲһˣЩҲǰ
Сͨȴһü빬븸׹ϵܣǰҲֻ֪Ƥëʱʵ۹ǸʲôĪ]ˣ
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ʱͷɬһЦ˵ⶼˣĻл˵ǰ
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]
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]ͫ׽ϵĵѻҷض½ǵһССī]֡                        
лҪ˵˯ĺ
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ôоССͷµһͬĽأӦûᱻѵ˯š

 13 

]ëһƽʱһЦԼӲˣֻޱĶҡ
佫̬˶ᣬâѾ쿪ˣҲɻ·˶ûС
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̲ס˿ڿˮϣҲֻûץסˡΪʹָڸͻɫѪɼ俴ˣһƬˬ⣬]µè׽˼
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ͻȻһϯѾҪʼˣ˻ʲô
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ҸоΣվȥˡ]ߵЦ˵ϳβǻ                        
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񣺡

 14 

]Ʋ죬ƿϵˣȻԸ⣬]֣Լ档]˿ˣҲջ֣
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]̧:ԭϵǸأôûŵˡ
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]˵ͷ˵ɩɩܺã
Щĳƺ£ĸȥ磬ЩһֱɩɩٳּҺܺá
]ûעСһûһʣɩʲôʱҲ׼һ¡
ϴλŵʱֳ˵ܻһӣҲǹʱϴεѾˣֳ˵Ѿˣ˵ɩɩˣҪʱŻ뵽⣬̲ס]ĶӣҪĻ˸öá
]ע⵽Ŀ⣬Щţקסĵֿ˵ˣһ¸ô죿絭ĶһЦ˵ô죬滳ϲͺˡ
]֣žһһ֣Ʋһ˵Ҫô򵥾ͺˡһ̾ĸҲڣ˵첻Ҳǽͻһ
Цſ]һݵıͷλǵԼ𣿡
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]ѹ룬˵ʱ򶼱ˣżҲûϵֻоСҲ̫ɰ˰ɡ
ˣĸҸô죿ʵʵ˵
ͷ֣ͷ˼ӡ]˲˵ͲסҲ֪ôֱסΪһᷴ뿴߳ŭأֻ۴ĶЦţ羭Ц˵ҲӦϰˣڻǸоЩ֣Ϊʲôܹˣ
ĬĬط֣Ҳѧӳͷ˵㵽û뵽취
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˵ĸӦˣ㻹ǵȻߵװһȥ̫ݸƽϢ
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һԵЩϸ]һ˿һ仯]ȻǱȻޣûĻ]޸˭һεľ档
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ţҲŬġ
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Ӽȥ]յûӡĳȥһЩ˵ݣ]ͷЩ˶һͬ㣬ǾǲǼ˶೤ʱ¶ûŮ˵ϵǶҵӹ˰ɡ
ŷϢ˵Ҫ̥˭
ӷǼ]һֱƺú̥߶˵ʹ⣬ķ˶Ŵӳʳ֣˺鸮ĳӴùϵÿ׼ʱ׼Ĵ˳ʲô
տʼ]ǲģһˣԸĸ㣬ȥ򣬽ǻˣȴû
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ҵ죬ԸҲỳеġЩ²Ƕħˡ
ĸûԵƣóһǡֱӶ˵תһ룬֪㣬϶Ҳ֪ǡɾǱĸô̰أǾİǶ˵鷿ȥԻ۷۹
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]˵һظܳԣ𣿡
ǵһ鷿ͿĸõϣﺬǸ׼ǣõĻ顣
ͬһ죬ȫǹټҷ˶֪һܣԭϲСӲųԵǡҶܶһµļĬȴԼүظཻһʮʮ٣ĴžͱˣǸ½״Ԫ˺Լδĺǳԡôֿʼһ졣
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ֻһݣԼý촩ǿѡ
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񣺺ٺ٣ǣ
ûۺһôСʹǲҪҵ

 15 

]һɫ״µ˵:ţ㿴
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Ⱦɫˣ]֣ҲȾôֱӺ˻һЦ磬óŻԭ
ԭǵԼߵʱһߣĲӱ֣űЦԷûܺľˡ
ΪԴϴ]Ϳޣ˻岻õӡʵ̫ˣ׼]һȥ鵽ܵʱ򣬿һƤ۳ˣ͹ȥ
ϧ컹ǲԸŹ]
ŻȥʱѾ۹ҳܻᱻĦͰԱߵ鶼ˣȰѷ۹ķŽȥʣµʱܸķ϶ע⵽һһмʲô
]ﻹЩʶĿŸȾָףȥ鷿˽ʱ洫һ䣺ˡ
ŽŲԽԽ]ͷûö˿Ůȥſš
ƽһЦţĶȴɴĺܡ
ӵ]ǰϣ˵˽һ£
]֪鱻ˣ鱻ӹʱװһ¶ӣһɻطȻǺϼһƬ飬Ʋۣ˵ֶҿʲô
ⲻǷ˵𣿡䡣
]ЩɸеЩ˵Ȼǣ
˵ߵͷһΪǷ˿˷֣ġԭǰ˵ϰʱˡ
]װһĻɲˣĻеӸŵ˵ͷ
ΪʲôⱾ֬۵ζڵ]һЦ˵Ƿµõҩ֬۵ζ
]һϵһŵȾϵģʵû뵽羹Ȼζ˵֬۾ǻ³ģ۸Ҳߣζ־òɢûͨ֬滻ȥ
õĿ˵ʵżȻõˣû㷢˻᲻ϲңҲŲš²Ͽּһ䡰Ҳֻһ
Ҳ׾ӵĽڣһЦ⣬ŵ˽ˡ]⣬Щ»᲻ȥˡһ仰ȴǵͷһ
ֻתͷʣûǰǷȥģ
Ůһۣ㶵Ļش𣺡ȥ˿ⷿ                        
лҪ˵磺·
Ѿ·

 16 

]˶Ҫˣոסˣ˳ͣˡǰҪôŪȥȸסȻֱӱŵԱߣգ]ͬʱЦֱˡ
˷ţһ׷ȥȻǰߡ]Լǻеˣȥⷿ·ϵˣƽһģ£οڻ˫ӵˡ޲ֱӷɹȥϻһƽ͵
˿]ӰԶȥյһ̸˺ͷ˵Ĺϵð
Ҹ鷿̺˵˽컹Ⱦָ˵ġ
ڷ˻ôŵ㡣
˵еŮҪ߶ź˵·
ʲôģ
֪ΪΣ˲Լͬ뵽˵òһۺһɢ
]ƿյĿⷿţȻ棬Լ벻Ȼıϵ׵̶ֳȣҺã绹ûɥĲ˽
߽Ҳ⣬չһЦ]˶˵
ĸºͲƱʡ
]˶촽ûھͱס˻ҪǷ˼ǵò̫ˣҲԼһķ
]һ仰ɾҵļױ
СһͷǿԼӲĳ
绹ҵһɫһȻûЩ飬]߹
㲻˵ֻһ𣿡
߽ˣ°ͣһЩʧЦ˵ίʲô
ûί
ַȥëϽδ˵ʲôˮ𣿡
]ָϵʪЩ˵ԣ˵ʱ絽ϵĿˮ
̾˿ƺû취˵ֶ㻹Ҫٿ㣬ҪԺٱ˷ô죿˵ͷԼ˵УԺɲˡ
]ģûˣƢҲ̫˰ɡ
Ƶһǻ𶯣û뵽Ȼô࣬Ϊ˳ͷƭңҾûЩ顣
ԣ]̧ͷʣῴ𣿡
ͷȥɡ΢üʵô鷿Ǳ˻δʲŽ˵¶ǣ
]˵ˣ¶Ҳֻһ¶ǣ׷Ƕ߼õޡҪ滹кü֮õģʱҲֻǺ֮ǵ£һд˽дɱʤʹղܣȥ˵ڶڻ۵ԽԽࡣ
һ]־裬һֱû飬;ֻŻģܸû
ʵᵽ鷿󣬱Ÿõ˽˵̬һ򿪿˵ġص鰸µĹá
ֳëȴһֶдӵĶ£ѱʷŵʼϣǣΪʲôϲЩ鷿ֱɫţСˣЩЩ棬Ҳְɡ
Щ鲻ٿˣֱ
û˲ӵĸţ]׷ſڸ̥ÿԳԺȺȣ˯˯Ҳͦá⼸ֿʼæѾü춼ûˣÿǱ߱Ѷġ
ԭΪ綼û˯ŷ֪ǰҹ˾ȥ鷿Ϣˣ˵³
]еĺܣһ⻰뵽ǣȻ鱻ֺǰ˵ĺÿ˺иˡ
ǰô˼ֱˣ
⵹ԩˣ⼸һֱںʯߵĽз۵ĶƵó׼ˮˡ
ٶʵȰƣʵȻϳʱԽԽϲ磬ÿʵҪʼ̵ʱܻᱻһĴ󳼽»ϲʵ²̨һͨ컹ҪάΪߵΪЧҵ˵ȻŹᡣ
ȴ磬ÿϳʱ򶼻ᱻĪȻˮ֮У³ֲּиĺʯߵһ
ЩĹԱᵽζס̫ʵ̫ˣʯߵĽ
̫ЦŴۺ״ԪȻеĻ˵˵ҲȻ֮Щ˵ŵĨͰˡ
¼λԱվԭأƥô˻Ǹͷ
˻һʰʯֻڴȤ˵
ܻĿڣ־һ£Ȼһʡ
ʯͷЦȻЦ˵־ʲô־򣿡ɫĵ˵ָǸ˵ţ־𣿡                        
лҪ˵ΪʲôһЩأΪҪǰһ
ðɣԲΪҽԴһʵڲ֪дʲôߵĴпĶߵǸ(ȻҲûм߹)ǷҾӵġ
ȻһϢзÿ

 17 

⻰ɫ˵Ϊı·ȻǵţҲϧ
ʯɫƳһۣ̫ˡ
ԣװЩ˼˵ĪļҲ⳯þ˲Ϣû˾Ҳ㡣
Ҳ˵˲ϢΪʲôҪôվӣ̫˲ڹ𣿡
̫ӸλȻʯ˿񴦾ܲ
ʯЦЦ˵˵ˣ
һüֺܿɿʯΪ˲ְֲֳĿ˵ôˣ̫˻Ըһѣ
˳Ƶͷɫоᡣ
ʯȻ˵߰ɡ
֪Ϸˣʯȥϴεľƹݡ
ʯżɽߵýҲ֮٣ոְǰ·ȵģﲻʲô 
ʯ˼и֮ǫ
ʯǱеˣø絹˱ơ˶ãһٷʯȥ˻վھ¥ſڣʯԶȥԵС˴ɫС˵ȥʡ𣿡
һתʯ̫ǿҪȡλҪһƻԴ޻֡
ʯóͷȥ˾ʯǾǰĴˣܼŷ˵ˣֱߵĻһȥϱүһȥȥӭ
ʯˣү鷿
ʯͷ̧·⿪ʣүһλˣ֪ܷһ档
ǹܼһ㶣ͷ˵үߵĴˣС˶ʯү˵һɡ
ʯ⻰Ҳû˵ʲôֻдЩ̡
鷿ﾸʯܼ˲˳ȥˡ˿ڲ˵ڲţʲô
ߵĽû˵ͱˡ
д˵ŭ⡰ôˣ
ʯ֪ͻʵصľͱø⽹꣬Ҳû˵ү˵ЦˣѾүͬһﻹл˵¡ĿȻԼڡοٴҲҪүΡ
Цһ˵׾ͺãһЩֺõ¡
ү֪˼
˭֪εһĲյҪǿڻܶ»ʵۣҲ
үôͶϣ
ͶϣѱԺ󲻻ٱҡù߽ߣͺá
үӢĻʵҲٷĵˣүͳֽһ
˵ϧˣͦס̫
ʯ˼һ˵̫ҪľǸӣԺӴ
һ˵Ϊûȥ£ѲˣҪڻվȵλԭϵ˼Ӷñˣǧ𹼸˱
ǡʯɫԥǻл˵Ƴ˵лֱ˵µʲô
¹ðˣ¹˵үλˣ¹Ҳ˼һ档
ȴһü˵ʲôˣǸµĵƦ
үһ˼λʹ⼸ûµˣٹ»ʵԸϵ˵ϳǹ٣Ʋ֮ʱүЩ֮ˡ
ˣָ˿ǣ˵֪ˣȻػȥ
ʯ˳ȥ
鷿ⲽȦƿţ˵ȥаһ׼û뿪һ¡ˣȥ츮ȥլҡ
Ļ꣬ڼҲ˲£ĸԴϴβɢͲǶ
Լ뷽跨ʯ嵽ˣʯĻҲίΣѳ
鸮ϣ]յһǰȻʵĵճ⹫дǲþܽӵģ൱ھǷСᣬĸӦҲȥ]һӣĵ£͵䣬Գŵʱ]רŴĸԷһ
]Ĳ粻ſѾͣЩ]Ȧû̫ҲûС
ſλķˣзЦ˵ƣǰȥ˼ζû뵽ˣǹһͰˡ
ŷ˿ɱЦˣǰЩһֱڸǳҲԲã˯Ҳ˯ãʲô£δ˸λ˵Ȥƴǵġ
һλСķһµʣҲ£һеʱҲµĲˡڴЦЦ˵Ҷ
λһˣ˭֪˸̥
һλ]ʣ˲ģĻ
]۽һգ˳Ц˵˵ϲģֻǻкЩ㡣Ϊǹܴ̫ˣֻһ
λ˵ˣ˵ˣѾ֪㡣
̸䲻ٷ˶ˣ]˸ûϽͰ]ԱߵλˣĸŮ׽ûȥţȥλˡ
ʲôõĵط𣿡
]ס۵׵˵ǰЩЩ£ˡ
ĸһֱû㣬ĸ𣿡
ЦЦο˵֣ҪΪ̫ģȡҲۿ΢죬]̾˿ҺܺãҹҲܺãĸײصġ
Ʋѹ·˵֪̫ѴͺãҲҪ۸˻Իץ]֡㻳ĸװﲻ̫࣬һлҪԼ
˼䣬]ýϻԼϯȥϻȥûãͳˣһڷ
Цˣº󿪿˵һ⹫ģλСۣûŵλɡȫ֪ܣÿ¶һЩͣӵһ뵽ڰÿο׶仰δı䡣
˾һ˻ҵļҳ̣պ˵С̫һλ˽˻˵ԼСΣ]ô
˺Ժͷֵ𣿡
ûС
Ƕ죬˸սţֽΣ˭᲻̧˽
ǰڻ̧˽š
λְѻ⳶Զˣ]ƽ̹Ķӣ·ݴ˿ɾסˣҪøСһ£
]ͷӵӱһЩ˿ˣȴΪĸģĺӡ
ÿһεᵹͦһȺ˽Եʱ䣬Ҫǰٶ˼ӣһΪԼңʮϲ˼ҵȤš
֮]Ǵ󱥶ǵһμӷ˼̸ᣬ˲ٷ˵ĵӡ
λŷ˼˶ˣδùϢƽʱرעļҷУҲ˵ʱ׵ľҵˡ
λ̥ķˣСҲһһ˵ҷΪõɵĺѧ˸ѧᡣ
ٱλ˵СѲķˣ˵Сһ̫ˣֱүϲ˳ˡ                        
лҪ˵磺ҪͰ㻹ҸǮ
ʯ˭ǶƷ
˸bug

 18 

]ǽһ̾ΪֹޱûԺһЩ߰ˡʱ򣬻䵽
ֻһ׵ķΣĽղͬЩλ˶ڼֳҴĸ緶ʵӦóޡ
һתҲеķоٷŵʮ˲ܡ
λ⻰ⰲô˷
һ˵λ˲ģķ˲м䡣
]ĬĬһȦܱеķӦҲ⼸ң˭
±Ҳǲ֪ϸóλͬȡѵֻ˫۾˵λ˿֪ҷ˵ݣ
лķ˼ʹҡͷȻ¸ǣ˵ʷҵķǽʷԭã
λϵ״ˣٴ˵ʷԭкþͰͰ͵ĸ˵ʲôչ˽Ļڴ˴ͣһ£׵ķǹȻ˫Ŀ泩ߵĽ˵û뵽˻ƣȻչ˵ʷĴȥˣ󾹻ܵս˵ʲôȫĻӲİսˣֻǿϧλ˵һһСûס
ּ˵İû˻⵽˵֪¡λǽںԺˣԽʷҵҶŵġڷľ״Ȼӡ
ͦģü˺վͬһ˼佯˵ΪͿʼ˵
ֻ̧һͷϵĻƵܽ᣺Ϊ֮ˣ˵ļ£⽯Ҳ̫ݶҲǿֵģ΢䣬ҲϣλΪ䡣
֪ɢ˼׷ˡ
]ڷм䲻ĸųȥˣʱȴǰļλ˶ͣˡɻ˼վ˸ɾӰɳɳϣǲסʡ
һŮЦӯӯĴȤ˻Ÿˡ
ɷ˰
]ֲԾ½ǣÿκµʱ̲ס½ǣߣº͵Ŀ]룬ںʲô
ڹĿ𣿡
ţôˣֲȥʡȤĿⶢܣ˲
ЦЦƼٵ˵û취ڿɲˡ
ڵԭȻڵĴ
ʵҿҴ㡱]źôһշްնҲǲС˼Ц̧˵бͿ࣬ΪҲģģܽá
]Ĳ֪ôԽԼߵĽԽɵ־粻죬֪ġ
߰ɣǻظȥǣ֣
翴ͷһһ޸ոտİ緶Цʣôˣ˾һؾ۳
]һƿƤ̲סʳɻ󣺡֪֪ڸʲô˵⻰ǺģֻҪ糤ˣ⻰˼⻰˵Ҳǰ֮˵ɴ˺øɸɾ
ֶһ£ֽ࣬ɫظĻҸʲôһЩ˵ֻԼϧˣܽ
˵ʲôоĪҺӣ]ۣ
ƽִⲻϷ֣һһ㣬·˲תͷͱˡ˰ĵţ̲ס̾ǸСûĵģôãҲϲһ㡣
Ҳÿˣɲðκµˡ
츮յݵϢȫȥˣְڵֽչһۡק
;ĹϵǴ]ͻʼģ֪ʱ֪]Ҫ޸һƷжˣ]һŮѧ]û֮ǰһֱͷǸΪи̫ĸף]һѧͰȥˣδοԶѹ档
ܹˣǸ˿޵Ĵҹ㡣]ͻ飬üˣ޲þ졣׾Ȼ빬ͷһζײףһơ
ζ빬ģ]ĽҲԺ]صҪ]żֶεıż˴˾֪֪͵.ǲԵģ;һÿÿΪ뵽]ԺҪ˷ܵ
ǸƷٵķҲò
]Ȼײ;ĹϵԾ󻼲û֣Ҳûϵξʹͷ磬þȳ硣ʣ]һȾ̳дͳ̫ҲʲôвˣһѸ
뵽Ů·
䣬ܿȥլӣ·ĽңչĵƱˣ˳Լ߽ȥ
ڴϵҲŤֱ߹ȥϡ§ڻʣ㸸˵ҵ˼𣿡
Ĳ˵ûء§סԼˣֿڽͣһ˵˸ҲŵģүҪԼ븸̸
Һ㸸׵̸»̸Ļ£
Ц˵ȻǶ밡
ͻȻһ¡ϴҰ磬]ôˣ
⣬ƺԣ˰˵
]ǵĹϵˡ
Կһۣ˵־ͷˣҪš
俴Чﲻ˵˵ȥô죿Ҳˣһ˵һסս˵үҪҪȳ磿
Ȩô꣬Ǹɵģһۿ۵׵ơͼʮֲ˭ͳ˭ֲ֡Ǹ־Ķ
䣬洫߶һ˫䡣˼æҡͷ˵ңû
ƿϵˣ߳ңš
ľսڻûˣҪǱ˷ָɳ£һӾˡ
洫ĶԻôˣƺ̲ס˶
ô֪ү⻹˸ңôжˣơ
㵽棬ϧһԼֱƿˡ
һװ򿪣´ҲѾɢˡĿʱıĺͲмʱͷתԼЩ쵽׸Щʲô
һԶ˵]ӦǡСһˣһ綼û򣬱˵ԼɣظһϣżװСһ£ѺŪ
û뵽ȻڳһίҪɱǵĺһ]Щɻ˵Ҽǵû滳аӡ
ŬŬǲҪСòãղŻһί˳ûѹڱ档
]뿪˵ʱͱ졣                        
лҪ˵磺Сûĵġ
]
лղصСɰ

 19 

ÿ³֮ʯϵȻȥʡһᣬͻظϺ]ŬͷϢ
ʯһֱ䲻Ǿݻ˵ģֱʹϵ·߲ͨˡ鷿ｫ֧־ļλһһгȻִʽλ󳼵Ȧ
³ȥ鷿ʵ۽ն鷿ſڿݵһʱ˽ȥ
ʵһۣϿɫʣΪ£
ر£΢ȷһҪ֪¡˵߻һȦڵĹˡ
ʵ˼һ̧˶ȥˣ˵ɡ
繪һ˵΢ðˣ΢ϵ¶ҹδߡͣһ¼˵ʵ޷ЩڳУʵΪЧֻλӸλ
ʵ⻰ޱһʾ˵
£΢飬ԭˤȲ⣬Ⱥ
Ŷ˭ҪȺʵϣδ䡣
΢̧ͷŵϻʵ۵鰸ܻ˵ȻĻʯʯˡ
ھĬ˻ᣬһԵ¯ĵƮһɹΪʵۿŻ𻨣·ǣ˵˼
ʵɫǲ˵Ҫ֤ݡ
ر£֤Ǹ참˿ģ¼ΪӣȻ˵ʲôʲô֤ݡ
ʵĬ˼룬϶ѻۣ˹˵䲻Ǻʯһ𣿡
˵ر£΢δʯߵĽܿҰġ
ʵζЦ˼˵䣬ʯûи£ֻҪò֤ݣǿ̸
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˻һ䣬ʵ۹Ȼմŭİ𡰷
ͷâü˵˼һΪְıسָվΪٻ
øԴǳϿңⶼûʵ۳˼ɣһֱģȫس֪˵Щ֣ΪʲôҪܵǰ˵ѲɻھϷʲô
絭վڵڣڵȻʵոһϯ߹հǽʵ۵עˡ
Ȼ˵ʲô취ˣ
ȻΪ²΢Ը𡣡ʵϹҲ
ʵµףֱ˵˵˵Ҫô𡣡
˼ǵ˵һЩϳʹˣܻЩ©
ʵһüЩͷĵ˵޴ȥЩϳӱһΪûֻҪһỰͷܱƻȥֲ⳯һ˵㡣
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ʵۺۣŭȴٳٲڡ翴ۻʵ۵ɫ֪ԥҲżȻվţϾ֤һˣŻʵ۲ġ
Ȼʵ۾ϲĿڣǶǳеˣȵʱ͵ãһӳֻֿᶯ
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ʵδ˵ָֻקۣѾ˾ġ
Ȼɹ˾ˡʵȴͻȻ޻֪Ǵģ
ٵ˵΢Ϊ˿Ŀÿʯ߽Խ;һľ裬ŵ֤
»ʵ۲һæڣ΢Աһһ⣬ᱳ¡˵ž񡣵ʵ۷סˣȻ˵ġ
鷿Ѿ硣ڻʵǰģջʵӦû񣬿ԺͲÿظˡ
ͷ鷿̣ͷҲϢĵ˵֪˵ʲô𣿡
ڵϵ˻ش𣺡ʵ˶ȥˣû̽Ϣ
ĵһ˵û̽Ϣȥ̽Ÿ
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ֻһŮҲͰˣͨҴߣҵڹŮӦϣûʵء
ĳʱšүˡ
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һЦ˵үѾ͵ҹˣȻҲҪΪүʲô䣬ȴһЦӯӯû˵ˡ
һĶͺȣͷȴൽ飬ҲǣҲǡһЦ⣬˫Ŀž˵үеã˾ûҩЧǿɾ͵غˡ
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ֻ룬ӽһĨͰʳУŮóȥԼȴûƽһ뿪
ߣҲֱˮڡһƽĵյŨЩүǶЩˮѹѹζ
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һ٣һ۾ɫ糣Щò˼үÿңȻѾλС˼֮ףǾҪɽŵġ
԰ģڣСȻƷвЩȷýӽǱԲ㣬ɱҲȲѡ
үĪ˵ˣ˽Ȼһֲٳ֡
ֹ˿ڲˮʣ׼ʲôλݣ
̣ΪŮȴ˲㣬ȻܺԺĴҹ㹲ΪȻУ淵ͷҲΪɡ
ͷ˵Уû
Цӯӯˣˡ鷿һξˣߵŮʣţ
ɫ˵ȻˣŮøһû˼ĺܡȻҪϸˣҵȻŹһתв鵽ǸŮϢǴ𣿡
ûУ˵Լġ
˻˵Ժ»㣬˵ǹʹ˶֪
ŵŮͷǡ
ǰʱһŮڻ԰˵үȥ˶լӣɱˡ˶ǾĻ֣һƬǹԱҵĵطһϢʹ˸Ϲȥˡһϸ룬⻰ǹ˵һ                        
лҪ˵˵ΪҼ̳дͳԸţ
ʵۣ˵ΪҲԸ
磺ǳ滰ﵱ
/ʵۣûģ
ߣоô


 20 

ʡʱѾĺɫˡ·ȥǺ«ظ
]һֱĥ԰˴˺ü磬׼ֵԺǽߡ
ô뵽ˣʱ߽Ǻ«ݸ
]ĽӹѾϰظ㶫ϴȥԺһȦͦÿġ
ҧһɽ髣Ľˡ
̲סĿսС˵أôŮļˣ
]Ƴһۣûҧһţꡣ
罫Ʈߵͷѹ󣬡ͷҪԽȥˡ
ôȥ鷿]˳ְߵͷѹһ顣
ûȥҸҪһ˴š
]ԣֵĿҲѧӣս˵ˣˣǻû𣿡
˵˹Ȼ䲻ֵĺˣӵơϻ䡰ҶˣԼ֪𣿡
һ]ϾͶˣ´һʰ˵ǲǿЩˣ
죬û˵Ѿɫ֪һǿ˵ġ
綥Ŵ⡰ˣһ壬ÿȥɽָ
æ
岻æ
š
ɣͻȻϮÿ𣿡
.ࡣ˵꾪
*
ϳʱ磬ڽǵϳʱʯһ߹ȥʯ硣
ʯɫĪĿͻ˵Ҳ磬ΪϳҪ
һл˵ȴֲ˵ӡʯü뿪ڵʱǵſˣ̫ڼߺ޷ֻȽ
ϳʱ򣬸λٶֻʵ۽鲻һӵĽʷ࣬ʵ۶ϸ
ĴˣʵۿˣȻǶ˵ˣҲۼɡ
ҳ󳼴ıȵʱͶλмν޳ǻʱҲǡ˵ʵͣ£ͻȻЩϣΪóıߣ˽¹Ȼܻ̰۳͢ʹ飬ʵǹ֮档
µĹԱһʵҪþһˣ
һɵת˵ﳼ򲻿ˡ
һվָͣǺεˣ˿ɶ񣬻ʷٴ˼¼ڲᣬ˵Ҫųꡣ
һƽһҩλ˵Ľ˵Ҫۡ
Ѳɾûڹ죿
һɵϳվ߿ϣ
һ񣬱ɵĴ󳼷׷׵սλ˲ȡ﹥ֱ˵òΪˡ
ȴګګĲ֪˵ʲôӣŭǸԱߵʯʹɫʯ΢ףվ˵λĪˣ˵Щ󳼵Ǻˣжϡ
Ҳվϡࡰжᣬλ󳼻ǲҪˡ
ʵ۵ڻε켺󿴲ɫֻԱߵĲܹһ̧֣ɡ
ܹǰ˼ľŵۣ
һʱ֮䣬дɲĹ£վں۹۱Ǳǹġ
ջʵбһ˸ֲ˵Щ֤˵󲻴˵СҲСǻʵҪֱӶһлɳˣʵֻ˵ϳϻ磬ִǶ֪η
³󣬱ɴȫʤϲЦտԼȥ¥ΪЩϳǼУֱѾһˡ
һ˦ǰ棬ʯüϡ·ԱߵʱƤЦⲻЦƳһۡȥ鷿һʵ۾֤⻹ʲô˼û뵽ҲǸƲ硣
߳ſڣҪʱʯסˣʯȭתɫƵĿ߹硣
ҿʯɫԣʲô
ʲôˣԼ֪𣿡
üҿ˿ˣ˵ʯЩ˽˵ǻ̸ɡ
ʯһߣû˵ͬͬ⣬Լȥˡ
ߺſڣ֪ʯô֮¡
ʯͱˣô룿˶۵ȥˣô롣
һ˵˵⻰Ѫˡ
ô㻹˵۲ݵģ
˵Ȼǡ
ʯЦ˵ݵģΪȥ鷿
ţᶨ˵ʯˣǻʵ۲˽ȥġ
ʯƣãģ
ʯͻȻЦˣļͻ˵ˣո˵Ļһֶšƺٽͣ˲غҽͣǰգѽͶϵ˼˾˻ô;͡
ղײգƽϾͦãһ¥˶ðġ
΢üȥ¥ηô죿ԣû͵ԣҲ±֡
ǰĳˣʡˡ
ɡ
һ
ʯԼϵƣɫݣò׻⳯ˣȥ
һӣתͷȥԶʡź߳뿪ķ뵽ʲôЦ
츮һֱǱɣȻǣү³үȴһŭȻظˡ
һظſͣž־үŭҴңƿǰĹܼңֱǰȥ
ǰʱһŮϵ˵Ϊ̬Ů㹴ҷԸɽǿٿ޿Īֱ顣
ү⻰һ۶ǰſڵ˴󺰣Ÿҹȥ
ﴫİҵҪ츮ﻹ˭ñ˹
߳ǰſڶүŭȻһ֣̲˵ҵ˭أȻүˣǾȥɡոո˵Ļ˵ˣؽܴˡ
뵽⾸һЦ˶ˣүǻ̸̸ʲôʱŪһӰŮ̧ɡ
Ҳ߳ſǻֲ־˵үް
⻰һüŲæ˵ĪŪˣŮɲǼޣýȢ̧ǼޣĲһ̧ȥµģɡ
Ī̫үĴ
ҲǱˣ˵Ҫ̫䱾̧ȥҪûо֣ǵĺŮܼ޸˭
⻰һ㶣Ȼ󲻸ŵ˵⻰ʲô˼
Ƴһۣܻ˵ܹ֮йˡ
ץԱߵĸ߰˫šܣܡ
Ŀˣתͷү˵һ̧ŵʱɡ´۵ȴЦ⣬ϾĽҲλС㡣                        
лҪ˵ߣƭ˺治
磺Įа
˸ӣ£ҾƮˣû뵽쵽ڲд¡
װףȥ~

 21 

һ˴ĵȥ츮һûھסԺеķùķչ˵硣оݵ˵СҪҡ
ĳȥɰͰϢЦ˵]ǿȷλȨأ˲Ȳ˵ģ˵ȱ˵һȡСô붼ȥ檡
]û˵ʲôϴ뺦ûǣҲͰ͵ĸȥָ˼һͦˡ
䵭һת⣺ܽôˣ
ȥʡļ]²ȤҲ죬һȥˡ
ϴΪ͵ˣƽϺ]ʼ˸㣬ȻͽͶιϰߣָģ߶һѣÿ˯ǰҪһʲôôʲôóԡ
һرæϢʱ]˯ˡϴڴȴȥ˯ţ̲ס]ҡѣ͵ĸԲһ׵м
]Եɵɵ۾֪νĿûˣ˯ɡȻ¸Ǻñӡ
º]ĲͷʣôСȾͱһš]Ժ˯
һᣬԼⲻǷ޼С𣿡ԽԽ
֮]û˯ɾ
һСӣһдţÿոÿ˶˵ôдϣڶ쿴
ϴγʱһܽζܲ壬˵ǽϵزǡøиĳɴọ́ȫ˸硣
һ߸ͷ˿֣һԼ΢ͷ
ʱ򣬸ߵСˣ]ϰΪʱЩظ˵һϵڡ
˵Щ£ˣ˵ҪЩ
]û̧ͷһ߶졣̵ģЩЩ£ר˻˵һˡ
˵ϻȥһ¥
ȥȥ£ù㡣ͻȻعʣ˵ȥģ
΢̧ͷ]ɫ˿ˮ˵ȥ¥
ﱾɢ߲һţһУ֪ˣȥɡ
˳ȥ]Ȧϣ޺޵ڷȦҪҪֱ·ϰߵŵùĶЩСĻ׳˵©졣
һ϶ӣС˰˽лСҪд򣬻ҪѪҲвͨ
]ڷⲽ˼棺ˣܽˣҪҪ͵ʡȥ
ʲôͣѲɻԱȥŮˣָ׶㱻۶ϣҧг˵ȥй
ĿɫãϽתȥ
һᣬֹˣʱ]ѾסˣһЦҪ˭һȥ𣿡һֱ粻ȥֵطˣпԼ粻ѡ
Ҫʯ˼档
΢˿𣿡
СľͲˡ
]ȥˣĽһ̹ʣµĸ˷ˡ
Сʣأ
˵¥ܳԱõԸ㡣һȦǿˡһҪǱʲôˣһ鶼㡣
˵ûܿˣ˶˸ɳڷָ㣬ȥ֡Ҫȥ¥Ϣڳ˲ڿ
˵˻ڻУô죿
з˺á
ǣҿɲϣﻹʲôġ
˵ǺԱһȥҲֻȥȸƣ˵ôš
˷ֻǺȾõȥ¥ôľƹĸУ
Ǿǡ
ֻλӣ˵ƽʱͺУеСϢܾһ۸һ
鸮Ǿκˣͷȥˡ
¥ǽ¥Ÿļ¥ӲĴӶׯٳľٳһ
֮ģҲΪһȴǧֻ׼̸¾ͻȥ˰ỹѵٵĹϳȥˡ
֮ǰΪԹĿһۣʵڲ飬ֻñĹٳȥˡ
¥Ӧú;Щϵûãʯһˡ񣬾䲻Ӧˡ
λֱӿڣǺôı¡
翴Щε˵ү治ҵȥġ
һŭ˵㵱ɵ
ү㷴Ӧ˵Ȧˡ
ԱߵʯĲյˣ˵Լ
̾˿Ǳѹ˼һʵ£ҲԸ˵
ʯźۼĶһֻۣĿڣ˽ϵġ˵ظĿαϡ
ʯڣƾʲô˵
ùȥˣ껹ô˵Ǳɡͣһ£˵үѵ𣿡
ԣڳ鶢ʲô֣
ΪʲôͻȻ⹴үһָ˵һʱ٣ҵĶЩұ˵ġ
ʯüʣ˼ǣ˹乴үү¶츮ĵжԸУûռ֤ûʵ۰ȥ鷿Ϊȥġ
ˣ
ʯЦ˼˵Ŀģ
һүʵȻү
һ˵ĻҲеϲ磬˼ıҲ
һ˴¥ϸɢҹɫˮ뿪ʱɫʱöˡ
ظֱԺϣԺĵƻšŽȥ]죬վ
ôû˯
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ĻúЦ֮ǰûʱԼҲ˯ͦġûдС˼
ȥԡ£ȥ˯
Ҹ㱸˸㡱
ʲô
ǽǱߵģҾӦϲԡ]Ϊϲ˵
ܽ⣿
]һʣô֪ģ
Ц˵˹ʱζһž֪
]Ŀ֣΢°ʣŲ
šͷϵĸ󻨣㻹ûԡɡ
ϴˡ
һζ϶ûϴɾ
]ϴˣҳճϵζ
Ǿ͸ӦϴϴһЦ⣬ε˵߰ɣҰϴ
Ҳϴˣڡ
Уζ̫ˡ
]ŵ˵Ҿͳ飡
Ҫɾ߰ɣҰϴ                        
лҪ˵ı£ƾһߵڰ
㵱ɵӣ
磺ǰɵ
ʯҴûȫ
磺û£߻ŵģɵ
۾Ƿ˶Է¥ķӦ
԰Ϊ׵ݹصķˣ/үĸ¥ֱӸҴһ١
ԾΪ׵һīˮķˣүͿ࣬ȥǵóŻľͨݣһҪǷſΣŨЩүϲ
ԽַΪ׵ķˣأңأˣˣү޻ˡ
ԸǿŷΪ׵ķˣǣȥĸС..ˣ˿²˵㿳ү㲻Ҫˣûᣩ
Բʵѹֲסҵɳķˣ̫ˡ

 22 

]鸮Сӹζÿиһ̸ȥʣʱ伸ֻóԺˡ
ûйԱҲû沣ϴȥһ¥Ҳû¡
й˾ͱģ]ڡСԵŮһֱһСĳ¡ÿ]ʾȥߵʱһԺӵ˶óϻ̳Ͽ֣Ū]¡
鸮еղͬ츮ԴӾ֮үֱӰصȥˣտģϷ˲֪ǴЩͱˡ
ڵλǰƵڹĿ˳ŵصϥ
ıֱ˫һ͡Դ챻ײ֪ԼˡڻʱǧټƵĹϾӼֱǸЦ
űƿ֨ѽûʱӦͷŮ
˽ʳзŵ⣬ֿŽСóԷˡ
ǰձؽʱ˾ʳɱл˼үҪŮԷòԡ
ûŮԼվʳзԺ⣬ԷʱŮվԱ߷š
ʳŮ˳ʱƺΪ̫̣΢£ˮһ¡ŮŵĹ£俴©ϵ֭ûʲô˵:û£ɡǴ֮ʲôʸͽˣ
Ůֲ̿վһԣ:Ҽǵͷĺ㡣
ŮЩŵĻش:ͷǴоֵū澡
û˵ˣӲİﷹˡŮ͵ɫûй˼˿
ϻŮ͵ķˡ
ŮʰӵʱС䣬ֹȥ
ӣ:ȥˣ
Ůڵϱŵ˵:ū澱Уū澽ȥˡ
ûʲô飬תˣõʱתͷ䵭:ΪʲôȥУ
Ůˣɫӻңæ˵:Сݹأ⻰
ĿŮ޷ֻӲͷƤ˵:ū澱ʱܼȺ˵ʱò㱾ɱһ˰ˣĸ᲻ãȥУҲи·
УڵֻܽȻûѲλøҾҲƲ硣
ΪĸͷУȷͷȥˣٻȲý˺
ƺõİ취ˡ
ĺɫʱظˡ컹ʱ䣬ڶ]ļɿָƣİˮľĺܲ˿˵:³ӣ
]ô֪
ԭȵĳҶļɿڡʾĺܲ˿
]ˣϲֻܲζĲϲ˵˾ʳһҪԵĻҲܳԵġû뵽֪ȥˡ
ĳǽϵģ糢һ⣬һͷ
]ڵĵͷв:ţģû뵽ǽˡ
óͨУвٽ⣬ϳҲ١ľ뽭ϳӣϾСԵĿζôҲһӸıˡ
ĳӶ˵Ǵ´࣬]ͻȻһʲô˼ҲֺǺǵͬԷ
Ůʰ꣬:԰һᣬʧͻȻСӡԺҲõġ
ӣˮŮ͵͵ǣ˸ͬĹ⡣쾹Ȼеˡ
翴ֱ§Ÿϳҹ԰ֻȵϹĵ쿴ʺĻ䣬ֻצĺӰ
]·죬ǲǺˣ
Ӳ:Һʲô·Ҷ֪˶ٱ顣µƹ⿴]ɫü˵:֪Ͼйץϲƭ˵ˡ
]е㵨ӣһĻˣҲ˶Ū˼ֻһֵĿ:棬ǸӰʲôʿˮ΢ָ̧߲Ρˡ
Ц:Ҷˣ
]ţӴȣ˫Ŀ촽䶯Ǳһ
籾Цſװ䵽]Ьߵʱü˵űжˡ
]з紵Ҷɳɳ죬ͶȵǽϵӰԽֲһ£о米жһ̲סʹûйߵĵطȥͻȻожȱ߲
ŵһıץ䣬Ķɤӡʲô
Ц˵Լ
΢ͷһֻɫСèɵվڵϣһۣƺģβȦˡ
㻹汻ŵˣ
ӶҪŵˡ²˵˵:èֱ˵ˡ
]һֻèŵˣ˵ʲôǰˡû취ֻøŻȥ
ԡ֮ڴϻû˯չȥ塣
֪
ȥɽ
á
ȥ˯Ҫ𡣡
ȥ滹
ȥҪһʱ˹ȥˣ϶ɹ
]磬˻ֱ۾ײô˽һʶԺ˯ˡ
˵绹磬ֱԺϳʱ]˶ûѹͱŪŴ·
Ȳϣɵʪһ¡ڸ赫 
ˣһ:ԺˣҾź㡣
]ۣԴûѣûü˳ڶ:ұСҪҲϡ
:УϣԺźҡ
ϴߵŮͷ͵Ц]û˯ѵһҪȥסš˯𶯣
ԹŮҪӹ˸ᷢ翴ŮŵװεĺӣȻѺӴϣȷҡ
Ů԰˵İѷݸ££]ͷֱ¶ϵİѷ׵ͷϣȻϵá
ŵʱСҪұԼߣ
]ЩҡͷҪԼߡϱûס˯ˡ
绤סԴڵײϳڣʱ֮һξ]ˡ
رѹµ֡û
ͷӹݹͰ򿪣һЩ̿ڵ㡣˵Ҳζƫ̣ζȴƫû뵽ԯ޵˴һͦá
翴ԵĻ˱ˮ]ˮûȣŵһߡرȤ:˿ζǲǶƫ𣿡
ûְˮùõȻᱻߵǣ˿ζ
Ҿý˵رϴڹַ˾ǽˣ˵ֱĿȥ
]Ц˵˵ôûнϵĿ
֪Ҫʲôˣӱܵһ
ȻýϿ˵仰                        
лҪ˵λһֻζ
һҪ׼һֻԽϵԭζ磬ȡǻʵ۴ͻ顣
ڶҪΪֻ׼ƯСɰ
ҪÿͶιζֻ硣
ĲҪֻ翪˵ϻ
岽ûе岽Ĳʱͻᱻ

 23 

], Ż״Ԫɤ˵һܸЦ
ǲ˵һԲİʣ, ŵ
ȥſļ, ս˵һȴ졣
ɾ, ֲЦ㡣һֳƺ
§סڻ˵ȥҲᡣ
]˲, 䶯ͷ, ƣɾ˵, ˵һҲСڽϳ϶ǻ˵ġ
ҸĸҲǾˣҲ˵ϻ
], һµɵ˵ƭ˵İɡ
ôƭ㡣粻ܻĿ죬Ĳ˵
ûĿڳ, ϳڽôãôһ䶼ᡣ
絭һ, ˼ſڣʵ˵ϻûҪָоСС
Ŷ㻹ͦࣿ
˿ûԣ˵ԺлˣҴȥϣϲ, ѧ˵Ƿǣýɤɾһܺ
]һۣԼ˵ˣѧڽС˵Ļࣿ
]Լû֣ǰ类ô죬ºԺȥ޷УԳеˡ
Ƕࡱ]ƵаЦƵ˵ǱСֲҵģֻ˵
]ˣû뵽һ黰ָϵգ뵽ǹټĺԺͻȻ͸оЩƵġԺҲбСôֻһ˵
һ㶣ȻЦ˵ֻһҴҵڶ΢΢ͣһ£ڵ⣬Ц𡰿㡣
ʱղӦúǱˮܸо˲ӱܣƭҲûӦĻ˵Ҳ㡣ֻ΢ûӡ
֪ͬ]˼ӣ翴Ǹš
֪ʲôҶ֪Լǲƭ㡣
ﾲĬһ˲
²ŷԼͷҲ·ϣҲˡ֪˻Ҫ˯ûǸᷢ
ѷأ𣿡
ǣڸ
壿
Ц˵û
ͷô죿ҪǱ˿˿϶ᴫȥȥĻ뵽ˣɽ޻Ĵҹ˺εȲòޱ߷ټҷеķùʲôСϢеȤҪ˴һ㶼һη̸ϵ̸ʡ
ᡣóһĺӡ
ҵκӶˣٶôˡ
ᣬԼϴȾָû͵ɫˣŲ
ֳ°ͣЦĿ˵Ҳͷ
]Цüۣ˵ϧҲᡣ
һϧŰͭźáҰ˵žͽӴ򿪡νʲôģ
Ǹ̽]˵ͼһ֧˵ˣҲ֧رӦ
һ̶ֹסһֽӹӣúͭҿ˿ͷ磺ÿ𣿡
ÿ˻شȻ˵Ļ϶ÿ]ɫˣĿڲ˵ֻ롣
ˣḧ˹˵Ҳǫ
һԵ翴룬ԭϲ˺һ棬Ҳϲһ棬ϲĻˡ                        
лҪ˵磺Һý
ߣôˣ
磺ʿˮұˡ
ߣɶոձֵĲǺ
磺˵ŵӶ˧ʵڲòԵ
ٺ٣֪ûһʣС

һ½ӵĹԡ
ڱ߽߳Ƶˣٵʱ򲻹Ԫ͹ߵԵɺ£Ӵߵ߽ĥһĥɲˣδսδδȫʤֱƵڹ˾ǧ
Ԫ֪ҪؾˣƲڼңл͡
ؾ˵£޵˱ۣһ͵
ܼҽϢΡΡʣŶˣ
󽫾ϵҩ۰ŭ˵ˣ´һš
ҰⲶһѻ̣ȤãƤë˳һֻ
ܼ룺ˣҪǰȥ¶ܱץĵĳﻮŽ;̸ǻϼңûʵҹҡ
ȻּǸӰָףѱ˰£ƵСϻ˲èؽӣ͵
˹ϵԻͣ¥Լɺµ֪ȥⱻԪ͵ˣСϻתָӡ
ǣʲô棬ֱӰˣ
һɳĹ¡
ǺڻһƯxûʵ綯ĵܳ蹫

 24 

ɽܼ, ʮ³ǿ۾ĺʱ䡣طˣ˱³֡˵ɽʵҲֻһɽ¡
ÿʱҶ, ɳɳ, ˻ǰҲ]һ, ǰŮѧʱҿÿʱڶùѧ֯ѧǰ۾
ϵŮѧǸڹӼ, ÿҲعֻһһҪά󣬵δ˹
վڷͷȥĻ, Ҷ״£֦Ѿ϶Կ̫ӳյգżܼйȦӷҶ们¡
óͣԱȥ, תͷ˷ҲǸ˵˵ҪϲÿǶ
ð˵һɻ, ÿɻƯϡ࣬´ȥǿ
ǸʱڣȻζһ·Ӧ, Լ¡Цˡ
ǵʿΪѰȻζͬ⾩ɽ·ֲȻ̽, ·Ȼߣҽʯܶ࣬]һᣬԭˣԲߵɽ·ƣоԽԡ
ˣֳ˵Сгϡ
]ջ, תϣߣ·Ҳ̫ˡ
Ц༸ʯͷͽвˣҪҽ̧Ӹȥ
̧Ӷ鷳ôȥ
Ա߻أô
]˳ʾĵطȥȷ;
һᣬü˵֣۾Ϊʲôȥߣ
ȵʱһλŹ֮ǰ·ȵʶһɳ죬ȵۼݱ֮ʱҲŲš˵ȵʶĵطɽ֡
ٿƿӵÿʱڷ׷ǰȥ֣ǹ۾ҲܹС
ܿ˾˵Ĺ棬תߡ˴³ģȥֶܵȷ֡
]Ļڵӳȥǣס֣ͷС˵ȳȥ
]⣬Ҳ֪ỺأûΪʲôץסݹ֣첽ߡ
鼸Ƿһ˲䣬תԶ׷ͳذֱϮ
һѽ˻󣬵˶Щס
]æܼܸܵƺڱĶӣɻɱֱӿӲӷ
˵ģ߳ķΧоգƳһ͹ȡ俳ĵ˼˳ˤŹȥɽ¶Ȳߣֻʯͷ϶ܵˡ
ֻ]ȥǻסӳ֪ԷĿˣ˿ҵĺӣҵĺӡ
Ƿɢңȹմ˻ҳոմ̿͵ĵҲӣճѪ˫ӵȷܻˡ
̿Ͷһ۵ͷԶȥ
ڵϵ]˻ûԶװϣһԲ§ס]˶ʾſ
ſǰͻȻ˵ûãԲ㡣
]òװû˺İˣ˵Ĵ̿͡ƿˣΪۿ졣
ȻΣ˵˶ĿңôҪˡ
û㡣
һô㵽
ķ
ˣҪ㱳һȥ
ۿתʾ]ſϣ״ⰲο˵Ҽ¿ʼֻ˱ء
΢΢ӱܿ˿ڣ˵һǼ޸ʱҴ米ϽΡڶǽ㱳ҡ
ܵŲĶĬְ£һ£]סֻƤһѪûô˵
ʵ˵ˣոչʱʯͷĺ硣ںûҲ˵ڵ̫ˡ
ǿ߰ɣҺǻ
米ߣϵ߶ĺۣţΪתע磺֪Ĵ̿˭𣿡
Ĭ˺һ³֡
˻Ĳӡ㲻Ǻ;ߵͦ𣿡ϴλʯȥȻơ
˻ʣΪʲôҪСҲûϵ͵̫𣿡
ʱҪ˵ʱȥͶϣȻӡ¼˵û뵽Ȼôġ
̫Ȼһֱ̬ȣδɴҵǰ˭Ҳ˵᲻ԡ
ŵĽӻԾС
ֻҪĵõǰȻҪѵɾ˵Լ
ߵ˵ţѹֻᱻȵź塱]˺һƲֵ˵ǲԺҶܻˣ
ǰҧأۿ죬˵ңһȻ޺ãҶܳ
һξ룬ƵﴫʵԴǹ٣ȥȥطӡ˵־仰̫˽һʮ겻ýʲôʸǹ٣ƽʱҲûбֳ־ɽӵģ
æĿڽͣҵ˼ҪǾùٳ̫ˣҲԴǹ١ĬĬһ䡰Ҳرϲǣȥط
û棬]֪һŮΪ˷Զ޻ԶٿޡھûˣҲܻ뿪ˣɾʲôûˡ
Խ§䣬Լܳ                        
лҪ˵磺ʲôʱѷд
ߣһۺ֪黹λľ
С̵ľ֪ǷɣѵǳħϵߵĴ
տҵ֪ԼǷ

 25 

һ·ӱ޵ĸϻظ, ԺӵʱɫڳģſһѪ]
ܼҳһԴסСһšŸ, ȥȥ, ж١Сһ¾, һ·СܵķɳԺӡ
]סȻ᲻ôҰûУƭҽĴ̿ͣ
֪, ȱҿϵ˿ڡ
]һ£е㾪ŵô֪ģ
ͷ̿, Ѫζô϶˵Ĳֹһ·ƣұʱ, Ҹ첲һֱڶ
·⿪Ϊ˿ΧѪѾ, ·ʱᳶ˿ڣҪƽͿ޺ˣɽձһ뵽ȴͨۡ
ϡ, ӺɷȻΪӵᡣ
˿Ҽ磬ֻԭƤһĿ, Ա߻һƤ˿ΧϸСɳѪѪУ۵ĺܡ
]֪˵ô۲Ҷ, Ȼû԰·ȫֱҲ̶ãǲ˾ϵײˡ
ץǰ뿴ǰ˵ô]˳ӵķ½ɫû˼ЦҵʱȥʱװӻŶӣǰûô˵ġҪɵĻĴ̿ο϶ȥá
ûӲȥӣ밴ס˵Ҽǵû˵ʱء
ûѵĸɸɾ]ǿͷ˵ûϴ컹ڵϹһȦ㻹ǰҷŵϣҲ뵽ţడ
˵µҲʶˣȻڴߣɤ˵ԲҸողҪ㡣
]ӱ֣̽ǣס紹֣߱ҡţİοǰΪǣԺҲǣֲ̫࣬Ĵ
ϴȥȻҪˣ˿
һ첲ȥˡ
طʱ򣬼Сһ]˳ȥ˵һˣĸλȫͻҽݡ
µĴԱ߿ҩ˿ڻãǵӲô˼һᶯʣҩݸ磺ˣҩ
¸]˿ڵɴӹϸ񲻸Ʈʹͷ˵ˣ˼ϵǿ˿Ȼ̫ˣܻᷢסɫ˶컹˵ˣһ̡ܻ
û˵ʲôҩ˳ȥҩ]ͷǽ㷲𣬲ɿڣºˣ̣ҲҪˡ
̵ġŵĸ˿ڣС˵ϱӡ˯һᣬҸĨҩ
á
]ڴ˯ţ˭ͻȻ˴ɱ˯šϴԼһѪĻôģ˽˸򣬰ʵͦġԺٶһɣô˵ҲҪһӵˡ
ҩɬҩζѬɤҩ¯첻ҿԣǿһѪıҲһǲǺӳˣԺû˸Ҵùͷȥ
ϢסģΪȥ֣ٶؿշķ˼Ľַᡣ
磬鸮ͼȻ˰ǵĴȥ˻˵һѪıȥġӣǱסˡ
ֵǣȥļҵĴ˵Լ˵涼ûžͱͻˡ¹ںԺŮ˵ĺģ⺢ӵôˣ
˵棬۳̾˿ߵ˵Ǳסˣˣյ˻ˣ͵㲹Ʒȥ̴ַľϣ󴦵Ϸһ죬ѰۣҲһѪıͻġ
⻰æοĪˡ
ʲôĵģӶûôˡֻϴμ˺󣬾ñЩ񣬵ԵĺܣһӶûˡ˵⣬ŶͷЦ
˼ǰ󣬻ǰѻ˵ˡҪú̸̸ҪһӰɣ㲻Ϊ룬ΪԸҲһӡ
ü˼ɵ˵ϲҲ
ΣֻùȰܲӾɡ
ĸûеӣԺȻĵһ֣ˣˡ
ֿȰסҲ޷ת˵ϽҪˡ
ɾɣһػ
ΪβֱӰѶϣ
⾩ǻаӹ;ðѴڵءͷ˵ȥ˵ڲֵܸͷȥ
ʹϵ˰ĻʹļҲû취ǰ̽һ¡
ΣĺûˣǾ֣̽ӵͷ
ûӣֺɱ֮ôбӵûĳ֧һöֵľʯˡ
ãתͷ޼ǵո»֪úûˣȥһһ䡰Ҳ̫ˡ                        
лҪ˵˵ɶӣû˵

 26 

ԴӶƻ̥, 鸮οʵ˲ϣ˺üض
]ÿڼ, ܵļѾȥ, ȫӦ̱ĵ
ʲôʱ, ΪˡôԶУΪˡû¸ɽϷϷУΪˡ
ݵҲз, ⰾĲҩԵԼ, ʹС̰ҩ
ܿͱˣ죬ҩſϵ˽ʰ롣
Դ˺, ÿ綼һԷæϱȻŵ
Žʱ, ҲȣѾ޷졣
ϵȻʡȵͦ졣]ŵĻ˺üˣôϰ߲ˡ
翴û, ֻˣչͷ
, ΪҲ֪ζ
]˳˼˵ﻹζأҶȥ
㲻ܳˣ˵Ѿһ̡˵շתϣ°ǣҩζ˲ŷġ
Ϊ˷һ, רźһҩζ
ԹĨҩ˸ҩͿϺо˿ڵĵطر̲ס붯ѹסҶ֡
Ϳʲôô
̵ġ
Ҵ򿪵ģ˵û𣿡
ʻʵҪġ
]о̫ôҪģ
ƽ³ȥ鷿Ҫġ
ֱҪǻʵʹ͵ģ
š
ֱҪŷˣô⵱һ¡
ƫͷۣҩ䵽ϣö
˵塣
]˵оʵڲ״ԪݣΪԼ˵Ļãǲʶô֯һ˵ͻʵ̫ǻĻɡ
ڸϵĵطɢѪ⻰̲˵ʯˡ
]ˣġ粻˵ˣֻýʣôʵģ
ȥ鷿ʲô
ô˵ģΪһһʮֱɣʯĻɡ
ǡʻʵҪҩ
аҩ˵ʲô
¾ͽˣҩӦҲһʧ˯ǰŮشѵʱСߵһ衣
ʣôˣ
ū澰ѻײˡŮսսĻش
ᵽ裬]˲ˣĵ溰û£Ƭʰ˾ͳȥɡ
֪ô羹Ȼ˵ȥ˵žˡ
]סӣǻˣʲôÿġ
һرϲȥǲˡֳȥˡ
ҵ죬ᱻְɡ
û]Ⱥܾãƹˣ߹Ӳ֡
ֻǴЦȴЦ⣬ҩˣ
ϻǲϣ
˵ЦⲻԸȥٸ˼һҩ
]£߾ȹҩû©ɾҾͰҩˡ
ЦЦĿָҪҪҰѽҩ˽ʣ
סɫεµ˵Ͳ˰ɡ
ߵߣָḧָӶͷ»¡Ȼͼһʶǰգżָº͡
ʱŮһҩˡӹҨһ״˴ݵߣȰɡ
ǰӣƳ磬˼ҴЦⲻ䣬ֻȣֱˡо仰ܾˣ񱻴̼Ĳ̫ˡ
ҩ˲䱻ôֱˣ
ܵĻо˰ɡ
ĺҩоͷŶҩζ˵Ҫڡ
ˮûȱ˿ǡԺ׼ҩҩʱĵһ֮󡣡
ǣൽ滺ǺٸҩӶ۾ְ
ԼҲͦãҪҸͭԼ
һǿ飬Ŀָ֨˳ǿӳ״ա
ҧǵĶżֻܺŲˣ꼸İǽˡ
ڣţŮѵƴͳȥˡ
ڴϣһʱ]ͿʼԺҪ˯ˣȵ忿ķִϡ
˯𣿡
⡰˯ˡ
м˵
ֻۣǿʲô°
ҽȥʡʱ򣬿ͣ
ʣȻأ
ҰȦ
ﾲĬ˰Σ˵ⲻǾΪҲ˵Ҳ̫ȱˣڵĻȴǡû˿ɡ
û
аɣ˯
]˯ˣҧ䣺ûпˤ
û˵ȸˤġһ£Ц񻹺ͽˮײһˡ
˶̲סˣڱЦĲ                        
лҪ˵ҺãҪʼɳ
ƵΪվϢˤˮͰ
ɣãһˮ
һȻܶ˺ЦֻҪұסˣһǾһ:мıģ˻ٻүβľ֪ʲôе²λ

 27 

ܵù, ԴϴȸϱײˮͰ񱻴硣
ϳ·ͻȻܳһ蹷, ƥ, ײһͷϳʱҪʵ, ΧԱЦ޲ðһĶ߳ȥ
⻹꣬³ȡѵ, С߻ȥ·ϴĹĶʯ, ʮƤ
СҺͱҪñ֪ĸСģһҪÿߺ޺޵ţ߿ʮƤ
С˵үҪС·ɡ
ŭ˵ûϹ
үôûһͣ, ¶ʯס
һ˵˵⡣˼ס
ʯ, Ȼ̫뵫Ƕͷ˾ֱ滹Ҫģүͳ˰ɡ
ֻһ˦, ΢С˱ɵķ
ЩǷ·ͻȻһҹ֮䷵豹棬֪˱˵Ҳ֡
ֱõǱһϢ, ٶȽͷˤ뻧ĳƲš
ˣͨСϢ֪ÿ·ƤĶǱЩƥСһͭ塣
ϳҪ˾Ĺ, һȺֺǺǵİ߻
ֱ˵Цҵÿմȸ־ɴδ˵ʲôʯƤз㡣
ͬԣҵһȥٸΪҪѡ·ķǳ
ΪʲôԼû𣡣͵Ƿŷ蹷û»·ϷŷͰ𣡣
Ŀʵ͵һ۷󳼡
һȻϴЩˣҲôþҡ
йֱĴ󳼳УؾҲտƾҲүڽˤˣڽַʽѸλ·Сġ
ԣλ󳼵ĿⶢʲôʱˤģôûյϢ
ؿʲôûˤ㲻˵ͲҪ˵۵⡣
ֱĴ˻سжҲкµ˳лѣҵٲҲͬ󳼲
ҧгݡʲôʱǺ˭ˣ
΢ҲֻǶһ˵ݣͻһˤǾ춯ء
ô󳼿ʼ˽ڼһЩ˹ģµĴʲƮС
ԴӾùÿϳͱȤˣΪϳʱ̫ٵٵĴҲ½ÿν١
ھùһ²ûռݾÿŰ׺ܾáΪǰ˵Ҫ뾸Сڽ츮ųϢУСҪȥˡһ˵Ϊ˾뿪ȥϷС
ǴϢռ˶ˣڶķ룬ͶС뾩У׷ǲ׷
ܲңֻвµͶ׷
С뾩ƽ˾ûһ˹УĬĬĽϲɳ̶ʵ۲
˼λϵСſһۣˡ
С㣬߰ɣ
á
鸮]ڸϣˣ
ǰŮͷ˵ǣУȥɡŮˡ
ǰջ˹ӣ˼˵ԼҪ뿪ˣϣ֮ǰܼһ档
òûŷֱӳȥ
ϴζҪˣڻϵû֪ûĻϴա
˳ڰһ䣬˵ġ
]ĿӲˣ֮ǰ˶ȥˣȻʲô¶ⶶӣ֪ᱻϢȥ

ǰʵ۵˸ۣþ˺üϳͦĺҪ˵ҸɴƵ츮ˣ䲻뾸պʵ츮;ǣ
]оƽԼʹСֵһᣬ̲ס¶ô𣿡
ǰûСһ˵ϲͲҪơ
ϻ˵㲻Ҫյİϲߣж״Ԫӡ
˳˵һ䣺㲻Ҳûҹӣôһԡ
žһڿϡ]ޱĿ
ĲˣʶȤ˵ո˭˵ 
˵ôûеߣ
ԼҪ߸ʲô
]Цһڽδ׵ʱӦúܻӭɡ
ӯһá
ѧô黰
ֻһС˵ֻǶ㡣
ڽûʲô÷˵
ҡͷû÷
]ţһϲô˵һСôû÷
Ҹȥϵʱ࣬տʼӦ˷ӣܵϣôóȥ档
źһ࣬˵ϵŮѧͦࡣ
ʶʲôͻȻ÷
һ뵽Ѧ֪ǰ̫Ѧ֪ǰųѦ֪ĸλˣѦ֪͸Ѧȥ߽ˡ
Ѧ֪Сʱ򼸺ͷ̫Ǽͬһ棬ϻؽ˯һ̫š
Ǽ꣬Ϸ˾Ͳ˵֮俪š
һˣŮб˾ԶѦ֪ȥ˱߽ϵԽˡ
翴ûˣһ⣬û˵˵Сʱ飬÷Ӧ㲻ϡ
簲˸һ˿Ե㡣                        
лҪ˵磺÷𣿡
]ûС
磨ĵĸвˣ
Ѧ֪أҲ𣡣
ߣߣû˼̸ңȥԷأرȥ


 28 

, ںһ䡰ЩʱפرѦƻؾʵۻҪ칦, ʱҲҪȥ
]һ, ֳϲֻƷϵĹԱܲμ𣿡
, ڼ⣬бμӡ
Цӯӯģľ, ͼѡỹǰɣҲۡ
Ҳȥ, 㲻һ棿ֻΪԼ룬ο˵û£Ҳ鷳, ǰЩôණȥһɡ
]ﻰⶼΪ, ʵҲڣֻګګӦˣ, ѦؾӦѦ֪׻Ѧ֪˵Ż
뷨, Ĵҵ˯ˡ
ڶϳ֮ʱʯȳУϣµͼֽѾ˻ˣһҲӦճ̡
ʵۺֻǳĬ˻, ȥٰ죬ʯΪʵۻЩӣû뵽ͬô죬ҹĸȫ׷ˡ
û֮ĳ͢Ѹ٣񲿶Ӿ͸ȥʾɿϢʯֲһ£һɵĽС
ʯھ¥棬󲻻ŲæʣΪ£
ͶЩˣҲΪЩ¡
ʯˣ޻һ£
˵ֻ֣ʯһ֮
ʯû˵лǲУֻЦЦ˵ң
ָĦڡ޻µˮ񡣡һʯ˼
ʯ֪Цĵ˵ͷӦԽ֪Խãָ˲زģ㱾һеġ
ˣ绹ûͿڡʯ˲»ʵ֣
ʯ΢뵽ʵ۽û£ȷɣɫʣ뷨ˣ
ֱֱҾôӦҪΪڡ
ʯԣ̧۶Ŀ硣ϿңҶԾҳϣ˻𣿡
ʯЦЦүܿأһҪȺүˣٸ𸴡
⻰ֻдʣʯûһڻؾӦóһ롣
˸뿪绹˼ʯȵ۰ְȴδȷΪûҳ̰۵֤ݡͲò˵ʯ˱һǸбµģȵô̽Ӳûһ㶫
Ǽ˾Ǽٵģ£϶µ㶫ºİʯߣӻ̵ˮ϶١ܽӽץסǵ㡣
һδƽһ𣬵Щ]ܲţΪٳţ˰̶ڵ಻סŲԹʹŻˡ
ȱǮ˿ʼһҼɨӣӣһҲʣЩӶ࿪һ÷С߲š
Ҳ֣ⲻ𣿡һ޴硣
]߽΢񡰽˰
˽Цš˻һѭ
]΢ǫסֻ˵ƽʱλߵòռ˵һʵĸо֪ܷȥ¥
ƴǡڸ̫ƣתתʱ¶һЩ˼ı顰²󷽱ͽɡ
ĶµĿڣˣ컹ûҩء
]һΣʵǲ󷽱㡣
һƾʱָǿ˻ĪӣֻҶ˵ȷܣ㿴ȥ˵ͷ˵ˡҲ˺ҩ
˶ѻ˵ˣ]ҲþܽӡԼ̸Ӧûжɣ˵ʱøĻǰΧó¡
Сʵǰα˺Ӱǰλ˺ٽΨһϾŮ˼粻͡ʵ벻ʲô£λ˷Ҫ˵
ظǰˣ˿ڲЩ˵ޥģ̫˵Ľû
˹ˣĸ׵ȷڹ̷ܽ˹򡣡
̫˵ĳӦҲǾ硣
˴]･и룬̫˼ȷֻװͿ˵ͦзִ磬׾ޡ
Ҽǵ˻δɡ
]һŽ˽ץӵ֣ȻΪġ
ֲɵ룬ѲԼôɵӣԭҪɱ֮ǰ֪ʲôĻ˼ɩӡĵɵҲû¸Լ鷳
ǻû䡣¶ϲָˮϴγԷʱźѾˡ
Ȼ˴ʧ]ɫãﻹһɻѵ˲֪ԼŮϵ𣬾Ҳ
˾䡰Сһֱڸ
˻񣬡ԣѧŮ졣
]ȻͷʱŮѧ˼ŮǲģҲûٰٽѵ˵һֱ֪ôش𣬡ȥ˼ڼȥĻһܸˡ
Ů˵ģܻ廨Ҹϳȥ                        
лҪ˵]Ѧ֪Ӧò
ߣЦҪҷһ
ȿȣˣ¿һ
һԣֻûãʱнˣٺ٣Ԥ
ڱ߽߳Ƶˣٵʱ򲻹Ԫ͹ߵԵɺ£Ӵߵ߽ĥһĥɲˣδսδδȫʤֱƵڹ˾ǧ
Ԫ֪ҪؾˣƲڼңл͡
ؾ˵£޵˱ۣһ͵
ܼҽϢΡΡʣŶˣ
󽫾ϵҩ۰ŭ˵ˣ´һš
ҰⲶһѻ̣ȤãƤë˳һֻ
ܼ룺ˣҪǰȥ¶ܱץĵĳﻮŽ;̸ǻϼңûʵҹҡ
ȻּǸӰָףѱ˰£ƵСϻ˲èָؽӣ͵
˹ϵԻͣɺ֪ȥⱻԪ͵ˣСϻתָӡ
ǣʲô棬ҪֱӰˣ
һɳĹ¡
ǺڻһƯxûʵ綯ĵܳ蹫

 29 

]ƴ˵岻̫߶, Щȥɡ
վҵ, Ҫ, ȻҾͲˡ
˰ѽߺ, ʱ벻ͨʣ, ѵ֪ͽСϵ𣿡
ҹƽ˼ûĸ˵
Ц˵ǽǻΪŮͷ˹ϵܺã
ǵģ˵Ϊʲô˼ϲҲ磿ҲûԱСĽǲ⡣
ū澽쿴˽˵װɡһ仰
ǣߵ, ˼ʲôʱģ뵱ɩѵӦúԼùϵ𡣴Сһ˼̬Ҳɩӵġ
һŲˡ
]̧, ǰ˰񡰷˸ղŰ˿˵ͼλһȥӻ;
ûȥʱ¡, ߣ·ȥ
ͷ磬ȥ˵һ
ʱʱ, ˣϻҪȥ
]ڻ, ô硣ģһû˵ߴ̽Դ۲ɫ
Ȳ裬һһ衣
ˣ
һ, ƿɫû
⻰Ļּ̿ˣò⣬ҪҲȥˣ
ȻӦˣǾȥɡ
̽˵һڼң
оˡš
ֱ̫ã˵Ҫһȥ
˻ȥ𣿡
]뵽֮Ĺϵ϶˵ᡣ
綢»ϵİٻ壬һҧҵ㡣
]ĿôͦίģҪȥͰͳȻһȥϹ䡣
Ը˵㣬ȥ
УȵȻᣬһҪͷ
ٳŵʱֲˡü˵ȥøñ
ûҪñ
粻Ƶ˵õš
ñù]ͷϣɴס˿ߣ֪ñˡ
Ūϳ˵֪ҪñҽͲרôÿͷ棬õ֬Ҳĺϣϧû˿ü
ˣ޷ӦǼǣǰߡԾۿžһξˣ绹ǲ˵԰ûڣͲǷ˰ɡ
߹ǰҪתȻ˾֡ʱ绹ڳĬ]͸ɴԼܿ΢Ĵǡ 
źһԼڿЦһ˲ӱһģʱѾǱǽڣ紹һۣ𴽽ǣƵİͷϵñȡ
ûɴž˵ľ̫ˣڳһš]ͨ죬̲סƲ桰ôʲô
㲻Ǿû˿㣬뱻ãƲͷʹԼơôţ
ͨͨƺڶߣϢһƬͷ磬ƽҹɫѬȾķ
ﲻʵ֣˿ˮ˵ĺ
ɫǵЦˣڣ˵뱻ô㡣
]æҡͷûУҲ뱻룬һ㶼롣䡰ҿЦģġ
ͷô᲻أͷôÿ·䰡ҧǣ֬۲Ҳܹ𡣡
ŶߵɸУǽں֮ƸиŨˡĿʼð
˵棬Զ㡣
Цһ˵:Զ˻ô壿
£ȥ]ʵڲƽĶŵ˾
ãſǰˣͨ۽ǣЦġҪ𣿡
]ҳһ顣߰ɣǻظȥ
ȥˣ
ͷʾѾȻñһתô㻹뱻
һƢûˣҡͷ룬һ㶼롣
§ԭ·ءȥȥͰǸ
]ĵʣȥɣ
粻Ϊ˵ӣȥġ
ɵʣҳŵʱôûҡ
޹˵ˣ㲻ǻͬһȥ𣿡
װίܽˣòã
߷߲ƽ㵨뷴֪ܵ˵ҪǷ˰·۰һ׼ȥء
ʲôдȥǱԼˣԼչҪҴһ
Ķ㵨Ŵ󣬡ǵߵڰ׵ƾһˡ
ϲͺ                        
лҪ˵ףСɰ520
ճʱ
ߣ520һһоô
磺ǳãлߣ´ֽҲӵģܰԱ
]ǿЦ·̫
󣬵ڴʱ䣨Ƥ
Ҹƪ޲ֿΣ߹·ҪֻҪָĴؼң
Ϊİе㳤ӰλӾûŹСbbƪĵİŶ~ʱԿһµģ

 30 

]һҲϲ
ƭǻᱻͷġ
Ʋû˵ײɡ
粻, ĪĿһۡ]оûġ
ظ˶˳ʳ
ֶˣ
˵Ҳ, 
ǰ, 绹˵, ûô졣
ʱ仹ǻ˸мⱸ˶, ʳкܿˡ
ŮİѵӶ˳, Եɣζ
ϵĸ˱ǣ]Ҷ, ҲԣҪȥԡ
治ԣ
]ƹ, ߶:Բԡ
ڲԵȻ϶ڡ 
ϴʱ]Ծ, ͦϤ
]һ̥ûһ¡
Ц, 㻹ûϣĻ̥΢΢һ¡ҪϲСҲŬ㡣
εЦǻ²
ץס󣬽˱, ָ˳ɵͷ˵:Ҳȳﻮš
ָȵֱָۣ
]յһҹ
Ƕǰ󱳣ɤӻҿ绹ִ֪ûһֱŪȥȻƻ
˽ź£Ҳû˼òÿģ򵥵Ĵˣ
ϲʱʲôȻĸƤīˮȶܰȾڣ
˵˾䲻ϲǵĿˣϱŪϲϲ֪Լ˵˶ٱߣ翪ʼһ⣬öʡ
װġϲϲң
ġÿ𣿡
Ѱ桰ϲƺϲƺ
նعʷһظһ綯ͣˣȻ˸ƣûͣˡ
ףȻҲùǾͱˡ
ûȵ磬]Ȳ˸ʳеʡ͢صرЩ˴һ£ܻа취ġ
һһǣŶȥıӰĹ˭
鸮绹ڷдһŽƹ˵ӣֱӳ߹ȥһСɵʳбϡ
žһ죬̧ͷ˵:ϵģūŸˡ
ʳдܲµĶ϶Ǻõġ
治ɫİʳдˡ
ӴٳȻҪ˻ͳʳ
ʱ磬λõǰνпտա
ʱͻȻһ䣬˼ԡ绹ԼԲȥһЦ˵:˲ţһ̸㣬λĻԳ
˵Ǹͻˣ˻ǫ顣
׿׻ϲǿ㡣ϸǼػӵţƾϸҲ롰Ӿ֪ǿɿڵġ
Ҳ֪ʲôȲס
㾫СɣڼıƤƺĲ̫õھ¶ˡ
һţΪ̬Ҳܵ³ŲӲˡ
ʲô
ղǵ̸Ѿ˲ˣʱȽΣǹദ꣬Ҫҵ´ʱ䡣
ֵĹˡ
ôޣȲޣʳ޵쳴ˡ
Ǵ˹ܳϵĲյ쳴ʲŻ۰Ͱ͵ĳ硣
üһ飬ԣ
԰ɡ
ϣûҲҶԣ̽ҧһ롣
쳴ĿȫȻ棬Σ
ޱĽ£ѡ£޲³һ䣬Ϊ˼̬
棿
Ա֪
˿۷̣˻治״ԪͷΣ̸ˣ̬
ǵ˻ʵۿأֺʯĻȣûôռˡ￴˳۵Ҳвˡ
״ķ֣ʣµһڿĳ
˲ţԼԱ֪
쳴˿Сˣ΢ȴ˵:˼⻨֪ζãָŸ㣬һк:ƻһˡ
ƻˮĳһ֣˵:Ŵ˵ӣҾ֪ⶫóԣó
ôԼķˣҲҴ۽硣
ˮŴˡ顱һ²յΧָܸЩ⡣
һȦиͬͬû˵¯}˵Ц⣬ƮԼλˮȥˡ
˶̸㣬ʲôζģ
쳾ȾθζԸԼ
˵Σ
Ա֪
Ƕδ֪棬ʹ֪᲻̫ܣ̲סצӡ
쳾ȾǸĺӣҴȥԡ
˵Ӱһ㡣
Ц
һ¿ʱ
ʳл
]ӭȥЦģôˣ
¿ζ𣿡ƿʳиǣӣһЦ֪ʡ
΢һ١ͬԱҲ˵ġ
ʰӵĶͣˣšģ
ٵġ
ҸĶɲñ˳ˡװͻ˵
Ŵ˲ǻڱ˺ûˣ쳾Ⱦûȥ˳Ҫιè֮ࡣ
˵:Űɡ
Ѿˣ߰ɡ
]Ϊȥˣ˰˼Ҳš
ǰ¾衣                        
лҪ˵521֣˵ˣǻֳεһЦ
:ΪʲôҪôִţ˶īˮˣӮġ
]֣Ƿ֮СȤܺӮᣬ
Һ521ֽƬι˹

 31 

, 쳾ȾûϳעԱ
עԱɫ, ˵Ǳүù²˴
үЩ, ٳ, йԱֻģү͸ˣڼж
ʲôү
ɢ˳, ˵үĲ㱻쳾Ⱦιˡ
˺ȻΪʲô쳾ȾͬȴûȢޡ
ʡﲻ˶֪쳾Ⱦ˿㣬Ա˽￪ʼϢ, ˵硣һ
ͷ绹ڰȡЦ쳾ȾǸɵӣûͷĳҲڱͬԼ
ٳٶڸһù, ˲Լζ볣˲ͬϲ˷, ⲻزľ͵ʡ
Ѻúһ
һԶڱ߽
䣬Գů, ľפڴ˵أסǰҵ, þǵİȫ
ףңһλ׹ƿʣ߽ȥ
ѵѦɳ̧ۣʵ۲ջھ۹ͣһؾ°߷ŵɳ, Ѧͳ˵˶ٴھвҪҸס
Ѧ֪üȴΪ˵ھвҪиףʵʱǻȥʲôҪˣݲһ֪ʦسǰıҲ֡ҪֱӴô졣
Ѧĳƪۣȥ
Ѧ֪˾䣬Ѧ΢ȴû˵ǸҴ˻ȥ
ֲɽ˷ˣߣȥʮžС
ҽ̣
շСһЩߣмǵǰĸ˵һ
Ѧ֪ȥˡ
ڵѦɳϵһС죬ֲָϡ
Ѧ֪ȻԼ˸ӣۣƵĵǰȥ
ëʣ첽߳ʡ
ĽܴһƬ
·ĽʿʣѦСսȥʲô
⽫ʿҲѦߵĽ죬ұۡҪ˵Ҳûϵ
ʵҪؾ۹͡
ǸãҶüûˣϴ뾩ʱջϡʿԴɵɵ˵Ҳ֪Ů
㲻룬Ƕˣ߽פסⱱ
ʿ˼磬ҲˣҶûˡ
ҿǰ꣡
Ѧ֪ͷɥģһ˵ѦҴʮһؾ
ʿһֱͦˣϲ˵ģ뵽ʲôɥѦƲҸ㡣
Ѧ֪⣬ʿһյʱ򡣡
ʿһˣǻǼǰ£ʱʢͶԱټһɾġ
˲ע͵ƥܣؾǡ
ûӪ˷ΪҪһߣ֪˼Ҳӱһ䡰ţҺһӡ춨º빲Լֵ顣
ûӳɣ·Ѳ߻Ķ飬ʿ˸׳Ҳֲã˶һ۶úǰ
һת䳯ӪܻȥӪؾͱѦ˰ˡ
ڱѹУϣʵڶˡԵ׷ôܻˣڲǱŻģ˵:Ѳʿ·ߣҪǱ㲻׵ķˣˡ
ʵǿԼŪȥѦüͷ򸱽Ҳɻ󣬡Ѳߵʿͻˡ
֪Ѧ̧Ѧ֪Ľţתһţ:㿴һʿˣ
Ѧ֪ߵĹ˰Ȧȳ£ҧˡ
֪б䣬ѦСӣǴǵ·
Ѧ֪촽ǰĻҳǶģ뵽ǵĲ۴:ǱҵˣǴŴľ
ѦɫˣüɽܼӣࡰϢȥȫԱսһҳȥȥС
ǡ
УΧŵȫɢˣͽ廨˿ʿŲæж뿪
һոյĶ鲻Ӫģ
Ѧ֪촽㷲ǡ
ѦСʱﲻǰݵľǣвͻٲıҪġ
ô֪ģҲˣҪѦ֪ÿ죬϶ᱻ֡ʱͲǵİˣ϶ס
ʱѦһѪζĻˣͷű⿪ӣһѦֱ֪ӢˬѦһĵϣ Сӣ㻹ͦģȻҾʧɾʹˡ
ѦȻûԼһж˵˵ģƨˣͽӵڻ
Ѧ֪˵ʲôü䣬ʼʩҪȥҵݸžУ͵ܡ
СĪң͵ûûְĹһڿɲУѦ죬ô߿
ɳӴҵ
ǲģҪȥѦ˵˵
аɹļʲ󣬡鵽ĸ׵ľʣѦ֪Ц֪ѦӦҪô𣿡
Ȥô
Ѧ֪һۣƮƮ³ҲƮƮޡ
ɴۣʮ㡰󡣡
ҹΧʿﴩۺĿ                        
лҪ˵ȿȣһΪʱ䶨2021ûɵӣ
һ£ΪҪˣƣԽҪϰ̫ȭĸ²ܱ֤ˡˣԻƵģʽŶҿˣ
ճ
:ޣ
:бð

 32 

Ϸжඪ, Ͼжˡ
컹ûͰѰʰˡѦ֪Ӿʳͼǰһһ
ɵ, ڴǡ
С߰ɣ
ߣѦ֪һؿЦ˵
ʮ˵СӼϳ, ֱǡ
ĸ統ǰ, ⼸󷽣ԭֱͦļ಻ʤľѹ䡣
վڽǰһĻ㱨
Сˡ
, 𣿡
˵ٹվ͵ˡ
ǴߵһСҲһ򼯡ΪλƫԶ, ﾭܳ͢ӷǸ·ˡ
Գ͢ÿ˾ӱ
Ѧľ˼һ˵ӵ֪һ
һ̽ʡֱӷŵ򣿡
, ֱӷŵ򡣡Ѧ̧ͷЦ⡣ȴǼĺ, ֱġ
֪鲻ԣʡ
۵һƤ, ѪӿȾʪ߿ס
δ𣬵δ
Ѧ, һ߹
˴ϵѪڵʳһӡ
ѦͷŸҲа˰ɡ
϶˵Ǻ⡣
㲻ǾɹĹ𣿡תץͷͻȻ, ĶŸ
ƺ˵ʲôֱȥû³һ䡣
ʬô죿
ɳÿ춼ټߵиӾСŸټȻȨܰѹǻͻؼ硣
ѦһԵĸɽ֣Եͷ۵͸ˣŸȥ·ˣѲڱ˽ɱⶪ˵ĸɽѦͿ๦ߣ׼𻯣ͻϼҡ
ǡ
ȥɡ
ɳÿ춼ȥ˭ֻĹأ߽ƽ˾ͻȻȥϢѹýģûκεķ粨
͵ʳҲûй¶
ƺ̺塣
ʱľг޻һҲûش͢һһݼڡ
ʵ۱Ȼвסܡ
ֺʯߵĽˣʵûϺȣĿ껻һ
ʵͷû̫ŮĽڣѰн
סڴĻ̫󲢲ǰĸһεİϷʱ˰Ͳͷˡ
յ빬Ҫͻʵ۴ǻȻȥŲϤ̫װװӣ˻Ҫٱȥ鷿
ʵû¸ˡ
ԡ
ϵĴһǣֵĽڶ
ʲôˡһῪڣظӣҪں뾩Ƿˡ
Ůԣһһε뻹ûʱ䡣
뻹ûһˣʾŮһߵļ򣬡߶ĶͲˣʵۻñ
Ůһػʵ빫˽Ҳߥ޵
ظֵǹȰ˼䡣޽⡣
ȻʵûаѱȫʵۣǲöôȨȻһû뵽ߺûıͱˡ
ôסֻʶļλԽ಻Խʵ۵𣬵װͨӣ˫һ̨¡
]ڼ
죿ʱô
оֵ׼ȥһˣηʵǺϰߡ
˸ϴôҲˣһתͷͼ]Ӵ̵ѡ
ϵ˳ְϣ£
]ͷϣ˵硣
ôѵһ٣˵ʣģ
]˵Ȥϲȥ
һϵ´֪֪жѰֵˡ
϶ǰһôܺͱͬá 
´·أ˵ʱһ¶ʾͷϴں߱ŵȥδǲԣ
绹Ҫ糯һˡ
]ʱŲŲĳȥ
ȥ·ڸ̾ټҷ˻ͦûӣÿô£廨ԺӣԳԸ㣬һʱͻιȥˡ
ʱһۣ㶫ȥ
ϴûж·˰ûȥǰСȸλˡ˿ڽ
]ףСϹһҲǾû뵽ξܿˡСǰճʱȻʶһλʮϲ칤ɽʱ޺á
СˮϣҪһȥߵ¥ˣƬɾ۵ס
ǻ˵ˣ˲Ҳŵ𡣡Ů洫ȴˡ
]߼Цӯӯ˵ˣλ˿Īҡ
ĸҹ㣬ַɤᡰϴδҿɼ˱ӡ
λЦҲʱҲǲһ仰
ᣬһŮ񣬡ṫӵˡ
ʱϣŮҲû˼ֳͷ˿ӣ
λֹס˵ЦλĹҲ˵ʲô
绹㿪ţȻҲݲһδεĳᣬŮͬϯڶµĹء
԰Ҫڸñ                        
лҪ˵ҷִû߸ǲǴҿԺٺ
ãʼѦ֪С
]ûй˰ɡ
ǸƷŲ˻
]ͺˡ
ҽŷСɰӪҺˣǳлɽ˺ʮصӪҺ~

 33 

˾Ĭſ̧һ, ȻһŷӰ档
ַ˸պ]ԱߣչСֹ㿴, ٵĻҲ̫, Ħŷ, һ£ʲôģ
壿]ԼԼҲ԰ĻҲ̫ˡ
ɻʱ
ϴŲ, λӦȥһλŲ޳ͦ, Ʈݼ˼
ͷñò̬Ҳֵطġ
ǻԲ, ź
ִַչ˵, ˵ͦá
]ͬĵͷȻò¶ˣһ, ׵ָںľԵøΪ𪡣
̧ŵķ˹, ˵ˡ
̲ӣλ˶һۣѹ۵ɻ
]ΪܼʵλĽ֦Ҷ£˭֪ˡ
˵, ȡñľȡĶϡԹʣСͿʼ
ӹŮİõĹ꣬ʾ⡣
λ˱ڹɻĶӣװ
ֶԼλһײ£]ַҧ䡰Ųˡ
Ҳùɵϡ
顱һľ졣
ô˵ģ
ãϣС羰ָλչЦա
ǵϷ˰ɣ
]Ա߳˳Ըλ˻ûȷ˭ΪĳȾСбһ˵Ķ̫ܷӦ
ǸϷ˵˵ģ
֪λĵ̾˿øλ˶Щ꣬ΪһģĺϷ
ôλǶ˵⣿Ҳ̾ϢȻû뵽ôֻǶȤ
ôᣬƽҲȥ˵顣һλȴͷķȻ˵
˵λ˶ЦԲȤæ˵ʽģĿʼ˵¡
˵鲢ʣû]ȥǼҲ¥ȤһλӮˡ
ɤɾʯ֮ҧžͺ
𾢵ʱһλŮĴҴҵܽ͹˵үˡ
˵ͣ¡
Ȼλ˵ûʲôнô˵͹ء
׵ķǽԵʹۣ˾͹ˡʲôš
Ůųųţȥ˵룬ùˡ
Ѿˡ֪ʱվСſɫƽ͵˵
]λſڽϽַ˲úҧˣֻ˫Ŀĺһۡ
Ҫ׽飿
пܡ
ֱӽˣһЦΪæڹ񲻻⡣
æĶæˣƳӣɫ䣬ڸææġ
ȻǲæãǱ֣һȡ
Ҳܿһȡ
ȻǲˣȻ񶼱ˡ
ǻ꼰㡣
ôߣ
ǰķᡣ
ԡ
]ַ˰񽻻㴫Ϣ
˯˵ͷ빫Щ˽£ܷ鷳λȻظ
λʶȤĸˣҲô뿪
סߵ˵䣬Ȼˣ᣿
˵ڨЦתͷһģ££ĵȻ緹
һٷܽģûҪ
˰ɣСǲŹˡ
Ȼ˵ҪˣǾͶɡûپܾĻᣬɡ
ٿ
һǼȥ
˵ף˫ַϥϣĻԣҸȥ
һҭаʣȥôֲ赭ڼ
˵̾ұӦ˵Ҽлƶ໴ĵܵܡ˱氧ʹ
һЦͷһۣЦøΪ֦Ҳ
ŻλТӡ
ҵҵ
һתҲӦҪ֪з֮ǲմȾġ
˵һ㶣Ǻ⣿
ֲֳյһôܺһȺ˴һ𡣡
˵İվ˵ף
ûŮʲôɴҲ˺Ƥ
ΪƣȲѡ
Ȳѣͷ۰֪ʲôȲѡ
ˣҴ򣡡                        
лҪ˵ߣ˵Ŷ
ӳ˵ʲô
ߣȱؼҡ
ͷһ٣Ϊʲô
ߣκ͵ܵɱ·Ŷ~


 34 

, ЬʯóҪµ, Ĵ֮
ƾʲôҪдġͷ
ŭĬˡ
ȳȥ⻰Ƕ˵˵ġ
Ը, , 
ǹŭ鲻Զ
Ķţ˵Ҷ࿴һ, ŲҴҵˡ
߹ˣйһص, Ȼ˵Ƿޡ
ͷ۽ŵױĵذ壬˳΢ǣ֪, ҲҲûʲôֻ˵顣
, ôܡ
ôѵң̧ϣӦǺ׾ܷ, ȴԼǧأֱԼȰһء
ƺŭⶼû, Ҫɵһ檽ŵʱ˵ʲô𣿡
ȲѣǲòӦꡣ
ͻȻ;û˼ˣ˵Ҫ, ҲʲôȲѡû˿ĸ顣
һ֪ûЦĸɵó˰һٵ¡
ȥıӰһĨЦ⣬Ҹӣ˯̫˶Ҳá
]ַһĹ˽̸˼ֿ
ȥ·ϣƮС꣬˳Ŵ䡣ǰѴѹãˮƮ
Σ˽⡣
갲¼ҲǺ䶯һʱʱ򻹴عжš
ĸдλ˾䣬ãǻʼҹŮ˻ġ
ٺⲻǰܸʱ
أ
㱼䣬ͣ£˵ˡ
ƿȥһֽɡ£죬ֽɡµ̧ͷֽɡĶ΢ơ
˳ɡϣȻ
֣Ÿ
֮ʱס֣˳
µθĸ첲˿δϡ
о鲻̫ãôˣ
ڲⷽ쳣
]̾˿Ҳǵˣ׶þ鰡
պ̸˼䣬˵ĸ׺㡣
޵ĲɣΪ˱ͷλӣĸ׺ͦûˡǲϹģĺܻᰲοˡ
ŲЩ͸Ѵá
˺Ц
Լû̫࣬ڲͦõ
˵鱻ôƶȴϷ˾䡣
ҺûôӴţ˵¥ǱܣԺ͹ϵ̫á
ΪʲôأþҲû˸ҷ顣
Цˣˡ]ʣôˣ
ﲻиĵĹĸδеǰС檾Ͳ
ȽŨڴõıȽ϶ࡣ
԰ʲôϵ
˵ǿŲк󡣡
]һ˲Ц ˵ҵĻһǻѡ룬Ⱥٸ°ӡ
˵ҺãѸɽˮʪ˸]ϣ᲻صĸɭȻΪ㻹뵽롣
ȵʪϺͷܵͬʱͣҾʹȷ
¥ȺܼĵطϢģ֪ͦ˵]¥ܡ
ʼҵϢ˵ʹģһγȥ¥޹ɴѰᴰˡûҵСϢԼҵĵ˲٣ʲôʲôƽᡣ
ɳ©ʱˣ׼ظ
ڻȥ˵պҲʱ
û߹ģ˲ݿˣ㶼ûط㡣
ϴϷϼ˺󣬵ѾûˡǰӲΪԼŮģ˼ȥݴУ˵˼ˡ
Ҳˣк]ˡ
]ػӦĸá
콯Լȥᣬ]Ҫһȥ
ȥ¥ⲻ˵װɡ룬һƽͣˣҷظˣĸһȻȥɡ
]˸ãȻҾͲˡ
Цţĸ´ټ
ҲЦش𣺡áֻ]뿪ɫЩˡŮҲ]ƾʲôҪ̯£]ܽɪôġ
ŭգԼúõĹỤ̊ˣҪȥƫԶĵطܷͷòȲ]ƾʲô¶Ҫѹһͷ
Ů뿪ʱĻĿĸףҲܴھˣһᱻ˵ġ
뾩죬۵˺ѷΣû취
ŵŮվڲ¥ſڲСĵ˾䣺ˣȥ𣿡
˻ŭ⣺ӵֵʣ
ŮųųԣŮƽЩ̧¥
Ȼǻͦ󹦷ŰǰʧϢѹȥټҷĸ˾ŵζͿʼǡ
콯˸ӣͦ⣬Ͼ֮ǰûкλĽй
жξܾý˻츮үȥȥǽǡ
·ϵ˵ʱ䣬ȥʱѾڻˡ糺ĳ˹ڼϣ]ۣ⿪ڣҷʵ㴩ɫҲͦÿġ
߳ЦЦ
֪Ϊʲôɫÿˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪףϰڵĹһڣ壬ϴ˸˵ҿϵƤ࣬ͦס󻹲½ۣð׵ɣʲôɫÿ
ɫ˳ûбϣʣΪʲôҪ֣
Ϊñסˡý֣ҹÿ϶Ҳ
ֳϣʣô֪
˵ĳúÿ˿϶עϣ˭ע˵ʲôԲŻñ
紹ۣϲɫ˵ǳ̫ŵ˲Ŵñ
]ն˵ܣҿǼܾ֪úá
ǴѧĿǼܣ΢һ٣Ц˵ûյǱв𣿡
һ㶣Ȼ󱬺вᲢǴеĻǴ֮ɶΪʲôҪ
ЦʵҲǺܻῴࡣ
ԺͲҪ˺ÿ֪𣿡
]ͷ絷⣬š
ᳶµͷҪ󣺡ҲҪ㶢űֿ
š
ҷŹ㡣
]סûϵ֭ˮĨ·ϣǲˡ
˵²Ϊ
һ                        
лҪ˵죨5.27vȡģҲкɫС͸ҡ
ܸлһֱһֺ֧͹裬ûҿҲֲvǻ񽱸Թ
̫ɿˣ֮ףԸСɰܹ˳쿪Ŀÿһ죨ôڰ꣩
ǳлĺͶҵ143ƿӪҺлл֧һŬģҲףСɰ~

 35 

ߺ, ȥǽǵ˲Ż
ˣС˻, ˺ڴ츮ү
˼ô𣿶ҽ˼Ҳֻ󼸸¡
벻ͨΪʲôļŮ޳ȥ, Ȼ˼ƽЩ, Ҳȥ˵װɣԷżı¡
С˼ü˼ӣΪǶԴϢ, һԽСĿ˳ʱɫ̫, ¥ʱײһ˵ġ
̫ãӰ쵽ŮĻ٣˿˼ŮҲˡ˰ɫͲ̫ðɡ
С˿Ȥ, ּ˵:˵ıײһģ˶ûˤ, ȵˡ
ҪһΪר˵ġ
]Сǵõˣ˵Ҳ, ڲ¥ﻹñ
ñ
С˵ͷΪҲ, ˵ʱǰñȡˣȴ㵽ȥˡһ¾ȻŤ󡣡
]׷:İ£
С˵ͷ
ôɣǰռ˵һ졣
Լò]˾䣬㿴ʲôû
С˻ûش㱻һϤϣ˭ʲôŽŲ, š
]һ˲չЦôֻˣ
ùˡ˻ᣬҺ˭ĳࡣ
]ɫˡ
𣿡
]ֿ۹⿴
䣬ɤƣµ˵ʲôҲܺ档
Ĺϡžһ]һ
ô˵ˣ
翴ʣôӦģ
ڨЦûû
úã
ûûС
ץϣϲŭãʲô
]ûӦʡ
ôڳˣ]󣬡Ϊʲôѣ
ղŲ˵û˵ĳ𣿡
]֪룬ҲѵģֻʶĲ뷨ѻ˵
Ҿﲻ
һûôСɣΪһ˺Դסɿŵ֣תΪ˸ƭңҸܡ
֪ͣ˵ģ㲻ϲĻԺһˡ
ģ
š
ˣˡ
仰˵Ժ󲻻ˣҲûа㵱ˡ
⣬ŵַֻʽȥǵԼ˵Ļ
ൽΣģĴＷ
ЦոϵĹģȥʡϻ˵
]ԹԵĸ
ǰڸſ˿žͰһο䣺ˣҲˣҲ̫֪㲻ġ˲ϻöԹԵš
]жıᣬͷš
ɿʱɫȻܿĵͷǿ۽ǵĺΣʣôˣ
дŨŨıҺϲ㡣
дЦ⻹ء
֪һǺϲ㡣
ЦԼҷ˰ڻҶȥˡ
˵⣬]ɿ֣ߺ֡ȥɡĬ˻Сļ˾䣺ҵ
ûסͷá
ȫָץѣͷ̧
絹û˵ӣЦһ˵ȥɣȻȻҪΧˡ
૵һɿһǿס̬ظˡϹ˺üˮƽ
û޵ʱΪԼĹһȵĸһβ뵽磬򴽻ûסһЦ˳
һϲҳ˵ù¥ײϵĹټҷ˲˰һ١
ǵʲôѪùĹ˶ô꣬Ҫˡ
ֵܻҲõҵط˵ˣÿΪӶǺüǰ¡
˵̾˿Ҳ֪常ؾǸʲôʲô˶û·ϱ͵˰޷ģϴﶼûСһԷҴ
ǰ컹ڹﶪ˸ñ챻ײһ
װøϵһ¥ȥ˵顣
󣬹Ȼ˸ö
]ԶƼﻤʲôĴߴǰʲô
¶ﶫһǣǰװ׵Ƥë]еϤͼƤë绳ﶯ̽һȫ׵β͡
ɫβڿ˦˦]ȥβͼҲ£оȥȦסָ
£è
Цŵͷŵֻ
ץèĺ󾱰èӦܽ԰СҰèҽ˵û벻ţ
ð
Сèתתͷû취ӿԾСצȥ]֡
ҲƼĶˣЩ֣ⲻǻû𣿡
Ѳֻģ˵ž뷭Сè塣
]ס֣Ҫʲô
Ա𡣡
Ҫǹ㲻Ͳ˰ɡ
綢ŻﲻֵСèȥ˵С˼˻˵ǹĻͿְɡ
]Բ䣺ֻֻСè
һ˵֪ͦ鷳
]ʵͦ鷳ʲô˼ӻûʡЦ:ϴɾ𣿡
ҽϴģָҲˡ
]סСèҡҡСè˼̲סͷʣ𣿡
ûУ롣˵߰СèŵϣСèºҲߣſϣβƵػζ
װһţһѿڶ
ˣŵ̬Сèظһ飺ͷ֪ǲĵ˵һΪ˻ʫ黭֣ͷͦӦ
ͷ֪û˦˦βͣеצӡ
εͷ]棬צӾʣԷ𣿡
ιˡ
ȳԷɡ
]˸Ѽ˵Ѽھ㳢
ӹȴÿڵѹͷ޳ݸ]
]ɻʣ㲻ϲӦðҲǳԵ˵İ
ǣ޹ͷ
û뵽˵]ÿӵָ˶ǵѼⶼһˡ
˳ܰվŵŮС˵أһ¡
ԣЦڲסʵ˵ﲻҪźǶȥɡ
ŮӦˣ˳ȥ
Цڲÿ˰ɡ
]ҲڳԷע㡣
ûʲô
ǾͺúóԷ
紹ί˵绹˵ϲңϾ̬ȡ
]̬ⷬƲͷЦװģ̾˿һֻѼȣѧҲ˹ͷȻ˸磬ˣԷɡ
û˵ʲôˣ]ǸӲģҪǺӲ治˵ĻԼģͺܺ˵ˡ                        
лҪ˵磺ͦ鷳
èǰ߰ɡ

 36 

˲ĺɫ֮ʱŻʷġ
ڷº, е㷢Ͼ쿴˵ǲԸŮš
ʵҲ̫׼ңǶԷԵıɫ̫ˡ
, ȥˣ˼Ů˵ĸ׻æġ
ûȥ, ڽߡ
˼粻, ǲȥЩ˸˵ˣ
û˵˼һɫˣҲҪŸ˵ס˿ǻ, ֲǼ޲ȥ
˺γ֪ŮΪĹϵڹŮȦͲ̫, Ǹĸģ϶ܲڼⷽһȡ
ǾеӵĴ˭ءץŻȥ˵ףʹ˲Խˡ
˼֪뷨, ŮĽ˵ʵ, ˡ
˱סˣæʣļҵĹӰ
ھǡ
˿ʼ˼Щ뾩ٵĹӣûͷ, ˼˵ϲ, Ҳؾˡ˵ͷ
ΪǹȢԼİȻ뿪ˣ½˼벻ļ磬ȰοŮСʵ̫ˣǧ벻Ҫһͷײȥ
˼ͷһЦ, Ī˵ģģҲĵޣǸҪ˽ĸ׵ĻģҲĵġ
ˣ˼˻ᣬʵʵ˵ 㲻ȥ˵׵Ļ˵ʱɱԹݵˡ
ģЩƲǣҲ
ԺĪڡ
ڣһ߶ꡣ
ҾͲȥ˵ˣĵ꣬ٸҸȵļˡ
˼ĸ׵ĻӦˡ
ҹ嶼۸죬֪ԼЩҲûȥݷùļҷˡ
Եڸ˵һЩԼ뷨ҲԸ޵ŴȥǾ˳Ȼɡ
˺ͽ˼֮˵ͨĽᣬʵ˭˷ý˼Ų£Ͷʲôûʡ

ͷأ
֪ڷ˷
ڣ˯ҲҴ˼û
ǹܵĵطȥˡ
ȥ԰ߣȥߣɼҡ
á
ͷʽס鸮󣬼ÿ츮˶ҪչѰͷĻ
չŵҲ͹ԣԵ޼԰Ļϣ⼸֮ǰĿӶˡ
ͷȻһ׿źԣԼСɣڻﶫתܣҲͷۡ
Ǹÿ춼Ҫ㹻˶˶ˣҵθڶˣ￴ÿٷܳԵøɸɾҲܸˡ
û취ӾǳҲеģҲҳɾ͸С˱ԸɾǵõϿɵ÷ʽ
ǵ͹ͷĶؼܣһȺڻ԰һèжû
۵Ĵ죬һӲԲȵռĻС˺𼸾䡣
ͷûҵ
ûУ֪ȥˡ
˸ѣҲͷЩ
ͺͷʵʵ˵ɣͷһʱỹҲš
УȻȥ
԰ĹһͷͼļҴҵĿ첽ˡ
ôôʲôˣ]Ĵæ߽ɻʡ
񣬡ˣͷûҵ
]ԷĲյɫֵ˵ûҵûҵСèϲ𣿵Ȼ˾Լˡ
ΪѰͷһ㶼]֮ǰģÿ컨ʽè
һͷǷèǴ˰ǶڷʧȥһӵļڵǷΪ鸮һԱǱʱȷͷİȫΪ쾩ǵһͺͥס
˶û뵽ʱèûҵ]żˣҲè顣
ʱûԺ]˸ŲҴҵŮȥ𣿡
]ʹҲڡ
԰è
è
شˣͷ÷˯ʱܳȥˣڻûҵŮػʱЩ֣̿Ͼè͸˵ģ˵ʲô塣
Ϊ˻Ӧǵ̸ƵģҹﴫһèС
ϸܹ壬ת˸򣬹Ȼһ˫۾
Ůײ˫۾ʱһѾȥȥͷ˵èҵˡ
Ůתͷ첽ȥ԰Ѱҷˡ
³è֣ͷҽס㡣
ͷ˼գ͵۾µһ漷һ㡣
ǲԼ
¹Ÿ߶ȣӦȥȥӡ
˳£߷ڵ״Ԫɿʼ
]ڻ԰һȦûè׼ԺƣèǲԼܻȥˡ·һŮ˵ͷԺϡ
ӿŲȥͼ̧濴ͷȻ棬üʣͷôȥģ
סɣջӦ˳ԱߵԺǽȥģ񲻸ˡ
СèӼҶӣ粻Цˡ
]֪Цʲô˵³ϺСĵ㣬èˤˡ
֪߻شСè֦Ϊ˷ݳӵʼζ絹ʲô]澪ʧĴУͷ֦溰ģҪˡ
]ﳰЦζЩΣ򴽣ˤҲҳˣתͷ˰Ӱ
СĵŲȥһְͷץСèʱǺܹɣͨԵι֣βͶֱϡ
оգ˳ķӰèˡ
ݺȥ֣]ӹè˳˳ë뵽֦ĸ߶ȣؿڣµʣôߣôԼȥˣ
קסӣղôҸȥҪˤô죿
ˣ㱾һеģ]ɫȥæĿڣʵҲûкаգ´ξͰӡ
]ɿקӣȥϴ֡
ץŻҴè]ε˵Ҫϵɣҽ֪жܡ
סˣһè󾱰èԼèͷ˵ⲻͦ𣿡
ͷһ绳ͱøɣҲҶ˰ȵš
]ͷѾʼצӣ˵ΪʲôֻҪ㱧ͺ
ͷ棬צӵͬʱƵ˵ұȷ˸Щ
]һۣͷĲ˺ߣһΪСʶ˲塣
һ٣ûٵСɶȥˣܣ]ûסͷǶǣè˷ܵĺֱ绳﷭ࡣ
ЦһǸСûĵġ                        
лҪ˵Ƕ

 37 

ַƽ˾Ĺ˼, һڷ֮ʱţհѳŴ򿪵ʿçײ, ·
ߺ, ڲۡ
ϵҲǸƢ, ⻰ûһŭ⣺ϢҲ
˵ʿЩڨڨһλسŵΧĪǸʿ, ¡
ϵ⻰̹Щһ޾׼뿪, ǰ첢ÿ
ûǲǣҲǹأСǻڷҲ, 顣
ϵŭŽ죬һ, ˻Ͼ𣬽첻òܿ, ϵ˺˼һޣԽ·ֱӳ
ҳ, ڵϵʿ׺͵ʣû°ɡ
ľʿС캩һЦû¡￥۵ıתݺݵ˵ߵ̫ˣǵ鶼ʾ, ʱ֪ҪƷ̯ӡ
Сº͵ʿļ˵үǻﲻˡ
ʿǺɤ˵ǳǸ˵㣬Ҫûʼҵݻúһ
ˣ˵ˣȻǵĶֶˡСûйʿĿڳֻļʾȥվڡ
Сǽ˵ǰڱְ߽ʱسǵʿŹСҲһױ£ʱʿǴһƬ
Ŀֱֱȥʱ侸ûȥϳ˷ŷ˳ʾ˾ƺͳԺ
ǹܼͨүڵš
ﲼûԻͣڼ£͸һŮӷھ˵ڰ²˵ڵ顣ܼҲҶ࿴æۡ
üظһ飺ҵܼҵͷǡ
˭ôϳ֮ǰɻأ˵ȥ鷿Ϲȥ˵ͬʱƿӸϵŮˡ
ү鷿ĺǸո֮ˣ
е쵫ֲǵüʣǣ
ǱŸ£үǵҲҪǵŸеڳŴʴʵţڵؿ޺˵
˴󳳴֣Դ۵ֱһߵϣʲôҺú˵
ָ棬˵ȻŸߵĲúôڱܻؾǸʲô
ɫ࣬˫Ŀ죬ȭͷ˵үĻŸˡ
ɫȥˣ
˵ȥԿ֪˶ٿ࣬ʹʵĽ췴ˮһ빦͡
Ҳ޷άϵƽͣǴＷ仰ģôģ
˰˵үѦɱģѦɱ˸󣬻ҥ˵ɽˡ
ϣֲܿƵץӵķ֣Ϊ˵ү⼸һֱѦְϣͻȻɽˣѦֱӰѸʬˣһ֪йǰмүһҪΪԩ
ȻѦɱôŹ㣬ôľǣ
ŸһֱѦɱڣûҷŵߣƽʱ͸û֪¡·һڲĶġ
ǰ˼Ѧ㰴˸ͷڱƲˮôĻʿ񲻶Ѧҵˣ
Ǻôˣʿ˲Ϸ󣬸ĵӦǻʵ۰ɣϾŹؾֱƾˡ
ʵ۰Ѧٻؾǰ֪Ϣô˻ѦңѦѾǻʵ۵֮ˣ
̧ۼϵĺ˵ĻҲȫţһֱߴϢûаˡ
ƽ䣬վ֪ˣҲѦһḶ۵ġ
˺ǼͷҴлү
ţһ·ҲˣҹܼҸ׼ͷȥϢɡ
ֺǼĿͷл ȥˣд˷ۣдһͣסѦӦûվ͵ˡ
ڰ۵ȥãʵҪѦҪڡǵȵѦ˻ؾ١ѡʵۡ
ڱҪ¾ˣ˵ͱϵˣıȨֻļ١
һ뵽磬ڿ֣ͦʯӻ̳ٶҲŵʿˡ
˼˻ᣬӦÿãƷٵЩʱǲ㣬Ҹλһˡ
շ˼鷿žͱˣүٲҪϳʱˡ
֪

ɽһڶܹڼ̻ˣСǰиӡ
Ѧ֪Զһۣϲ֣ߣѾ쵽ˡ
⻰ǲæʣСܵǰһ𣿡
ѦҲûдǾϻؾǣС˷ܣѾһҹ·ˣ˺ƥƣͺСϢʵ۵Ĳˡ
Ѧ֪˪֪Լ̫ļϢ˷ߡ
⻰ҲŴ񣬿Сȥ
Ӽ˷·ȥľƹݡƹ򵥣ƷҲḻڱ߽սʳⷽܳԱС
ԼҲ£кСϲˡ
ڴߵȲ˱ߺԱĿ˽䵹ҲǢ
Ѧ֪ڱĿһϤĿ͵۳˵˿ȥ
²˵̿͸оȵ۹⣬̿ͲͷʣСֵʲô𣿡
Ǿˣ
̿µͷ˵ǣѦ֪һϵּǲŵģֻʣ֪̫ĶСô𣿡
һ꣬뾩ʱ]սŮѧӦǲŮѧˣͬ꣬ӦûֹСԽԽ˷ܣԱߵķܸоɢƯŵȸԾ
̿һ£ҶСѾˣҪҲҵ˰ɣʵ۴ͻǶҡô˲֪
ʹɻΪ𣺡ھ˵֮ܺá
Ѧ֪ˣɴ۾ظһ飺ˣ
ܵȸԾζ
ֵ̿ĿѲЩƫԶطĻ֪ͻ飿ĵĿڽͣܲʵ۴ͻ¡
Ѧ֪ૣͻ飿
ûȸԾѾˣкʣҰĵѦ֪Ĳᣬˡ
̿ͼ˱ˣǰʵ۸С¿״Ԫ˻顣
ꡱһ̿ͻĻ
ľսĿѦ֪ľȴһǵӣѦ֪ڵɫкѾɢˡѡһ԰Ķλ̿Ͷȥܱɡ
̿ҲԾˣ¿ˮ뻻ӡסֻѦ֪ޱӵľмĺ˵ող˵СǸеĸܺ˵ģ
Ǵ˶óѦ֪˵һ˵ʱ򣬼ҧгݡ
ĬĬİѳ˵㣬꼰㡣
̿᣺˵ġ
ˣСǸʲôϵһҲãϾͻ룡
̿Ѧ֪Ľˣ˵ʲôûͿʼͷ                        
лҪ˵ҾǸá

سǵĽĳͻһ

 38 

һʱƹշǳ, Ѧ֪ͬĽһ۶ĬĬĵͷʱȻͷ
Ѧ֪¿еɫ, Žܹ۲ںܱꡣ
͹, Ҹϸˡһ֪СӺŲ߳
ʱǷ, ƹֻӣԽʿǾļ˵㣬֮ķ϶ȽС
СվѦ֪󹻲, Ѧ֪Ƹء
ͬĽʿĬĿŲС
Ѧ֪Ʋͷơ
ӭųĿ⣬СڨЦһ, ƿӱĵطϲˡ
Ѧ֪ٷûԶپ꣬ȥǣ, ߺϵʿ֪ǼԷǸ·
Ĭ, һЦǳ԰Сš
ǷİǷʹɫʹɫ, иʿüŪ۵ʣ磬Сôˣ
ķ, Ц˵û۾Сˡ
ʿһƲ죬ȥǷˡ֪ҲҶˡ
ƹݺͺԺǸ˸ǽѦ֪û˵ڰǣһƥû, Ѧ֪ǷʱһӶæǣ
öѹֲסԣڿյȦתѦ֪ڵϵǳ
˵ǲܵģڱȸղ侲ˣʼôעŪǸʲô顣
ݺݵӵСʯӣʯһһϣҲֱѦ֪ǡ
Ѧ֪˰ǵķ˲˸ղŵ£ֱ򱼻ȥͷһ
ˣվߵһŲľϣָԼĿŭ⣺ôʲôǲҲң
ɷһҲˣʿʣСڸʲô
Ѧ֪ھͺһɵһָԼƿڴ
֪ʵԼ
Ϊֵܻر˼Ѧ֪ӣСȻԼĿϹ룬Ͻ·
ƥ򾩳ǣٵϻƳ۳ңȻڽǵĹٵ޵ĻǺƽ̹ٶ̫Ҳ۰
ܲסĺѦ֪Ӳﵽ飬ʾţСô찡
Ѧ֪бƳŵĺɫűĹ⣬ģٿ㾩ŶҪˡ
û˵ˣֻˡû˵ʿ͸ϸײǹͷݺݵһǣѸ׷ȥ
ʱ]ַ˺ȲȤ˵ֻè
԰ɵƤˣܡ
ַ洽Ц˵˵Ŀɲֻ]ʣʲô˼ַЦŲ˵ˡ
ôˣ˵ԽЦԲ۾һ֪ʡ
ԽЩ˼˳Ҳûģ۵þͺ˲һ
ڵƲ˵ҴèȥǼҽϲ̫
ҲˣֻèܴʲôЦЦ
ǵһǣԽü˵ʱļҹٷ˲ţָİԹ
զࣺС檻ͷۣ
ʲôͷ۵ģһһ־͵Լүǰȥˣǻеĺܣͬټ˵Ҿ͵ýСӣǵͷ̧ͷĹϵ˭ҳޡԸԸϻӡ
λ˵Խܽ᣺㸮ϵĵġ
֪˵ʲôֻöյԽûشָ˵ʯʣ鸮Ͼˣƽʱ𣿡
]ͬУȻģ˵˶ûУýҳȻһѰĺܡ
ԽЦˣüϷŮŴŴĿǸ̫ˣҼҴǰ·ϼ˸Ḹġ
]˲յһⲻЩϵǧСҵḸĵĹԱߣȻںԺﱻŮԣĹԱûǷ˼һȺ̱Ů˶Ա޿Ůʾˣǧ޳
ҪԽСǸŮˣԽأ˵ʱ򻹺ãģҲʲô¡
ǱQҪֳŵ˵⣬ԽȻЦӺòֹЦ]Ī˵㲻֪Ҽλү±˲ʱ˼ΪСߡ
ֱϣͷλ˼ǸǴˡԽʼģѧ˵Ҫֳŵ԰ȱɨģȥİС
]ˣ˻һ۶ֲסӴЦԽסӣûأ
СҲˣȥ˳û˸ڰͰʹôţֱӰ˴ȥׯӣչǮ 
]С϶ˡ
Խóɲߵ޿ģֵ
ûܹܣ
Խ괽ӣЦ˵ʲôùܵģ˵ֹԽ˵ԽִԼȥС
ִͬգ
⻰ԽӵĶһ٣ŵ㲻֪Һ׵ʱǾﻹ̸ͦ۵ģȻȲϰ¼޵Ҳʱࡣ
ôһ˵]еӳˣ£Ǹ̼ҵŮ
ʲộƬˣһ浱㲻ءЦЦŻ䣺ʱҺ㻹е񰥣ִ˸˵ʶûϼҵ÷תͷȢˡ
]ЦŴȤһ𳤴󣬻ǶףƯ˭
ԽЦǺǵģΪôףһҵȻھۣϿǰҾҪģûпжֻȢΪޡ
һ]˵ģⱲӲˡ˵ԽȥЦ
кۣһ壬˿϶ŵԡ
ȻǸʱҶžһӣƭúͷȻкʲô˵Ȣҡ
ǹ˲ſƾʢУȻ˰ջᣬΨһżҲܸߡִ˸кûϸŰͽҹ壬ܲ۹ȥȢ̼֮Ůѵá
Խڻ䣺Ҹһ仰ǣҲ֪ǸŮĸѧʿʲôԻо˻Ȣּ̼ҵģǼˡ
ο֣ȥˡ
ԽҲûģЦǺǵģɲȥˣ걳˵ڹָûҺá
˻ڸ̾ϣղ²ûšſڵƺվһˣһֱûš
бߵĹۣһƲóɫŲǶõġ
˵𣿡⻰ǶԽ˵ġ
Խող̸£Ȼû˵ʲôĪ顣ոյĻ֣£㡭
]Ц£յúܿ죺ˣȥɡ
˵⣬]֪ܲ˭վӲ˰λ˲ض񡣡
Խ忪ܣҺýã˼ҵģס]֡Ҳô
ʱˣǻظɡ
¥ʱԽ]ǰִ˸˵ľ롣ƼûҼλү֪жľګ͸ܡ
]Ц֪ȥˣ˵ľګ
ϴο㣬רǰ˺üΣڳˡɸ֣ҪǲᣬԶ벻ͷ
]⿴ǰߵִ˺΢ͷһ¡                        
лҪ˵]ҾеΣ
Խԣͷţ

 39 

˸, ûѻ˵ףϾ˼Ҽ¡
ԽԼҷǸӵģͦЦġ
߳¥, ϻһ, ־ϤԽҲƼ, ̾˿ƣ˶治ġ
ĪȤˣλҲˡ
һ, ǿĺԸģһԽ˵⻰ʱɤ, רĳЩġ
ִƮƮһۣȻջĿ⣬ûһ
Խɫ, ק]Ӻʹɫ
û, һ˵ʲôһ㶼֪ı顣
Ҿ
Ҫˣ׼䵭ġ
ִ˿ͦº͵ġ
ǰڶһ
²һ, û
ͣˣ³һǳɡ
˵, ˡ
ƣ˼Ž۷ˣٿһԼҵүֿտվţһĿƿ, ǽģôô
Խ߷߶Լҵľ͸ˣ]涪ˣϿȥɡ
ţִ·Сġ
ã´μ
һ˷ֱԼ
ȻؼһˣҲû˵ȴһȻصĸ
һ㲻ڼңҹƾߡ£뱧ţ첲໷]ûԾˡ
翴ɫƣɢ쾸Ҵˡ
ԴӱáСҲܹעĶ̧̬ͷʣʲô
˵ܸʲôģۣ°͵ϣ˵ǲв˵ٱжһӡ
]裺ɱѾһ϶
˵ĵɤӣ˵Цġ
ȵϢ̵࣬ĶΡϲƣΣȻŴӲ汧
]ûص㣺֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡û췴첻Ǹү
粻£]ӻǮˡ
üҼǵǰź˵ӻһʿˡ
ЦһòܶӣȻ̵Լ˽
]ʣʵû
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͵˱ʯ
ȻɵزÿʻҶš]Ķ˵ˣ̸ġ
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İû˵̸ϲ¡˵ȥҧ
˻]һʲôء
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]ѹۼֿ커סױܽӴ
䣬]׵ú˳ʹϵ΢΢룬ʣôˣ
ںҰ
ûϰߣ׾ͺá
ֲĿȷִȥʱ]ץסݺһҧûѪҲܵˣȻͣˡ
ƿ˵ѹҲ
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տʼ£Ѿˡ
ظʱֻһֱŴȻŹ˵㵫ܱȱƼ׵Ƥá
ҧһ磬ɶ¶ûУȻܰƤʲôǰߡ
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ԣ紹ۣҫڵϷʣʲôʱ˵ˣ
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ǼӰ죬ζܵأһ˼ӡ
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˲˾ûӣ]»̲סҪǲϲó
鷳һ⡱
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һֱô壿
Ƕ˼ôˣ
ǰҲͶ˻ᣬôˡ
]æû˵壡
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ҪǿָȻ£]ҪΪƤôˡ
һ£ʵ۱硣
Ѧˣ
ԡ
ԱˣöӶתѦô죿
ʵ硣
Ļغöడ]洽˸Ƿˣȥ˯ҪȥʡȥɡٵȥҴ

˵ض仰ȷģϿҪΪæ
ѣβö˵ǰҪ͵ʱѧʱһѽջϯļλһ飬óײ˻֪
ǰټһ飬˵ķźɰ翴ʣ绹ûԱ
ʼҰҪǰһʱȿʱ򣬲֪ʲôˡúɰһݸ磬ţû˵ʱܶ
Ц˵ĺɰͦʵġ
һνʱ򱻶û˵ΪǴѦ֪ĸ˸ɰ˺ܶԵģҲûܾá
Ǹʱܲͷù˼Ůͬϯ
ڴ˺棬Ѧ֪͵͵İѺɰݹĸĶЩ̵㣬Ե
Ѧ֪ĹĸݿóȡЦ
ѦλҲѦ֪ţϾҪһѦ˿ر߽
Ѧ֪һ˻]Ͳ뵽뵽ҲֻöδܻΡ
·϶˺ܾãֱͦע󣬵ϯʱŶߵۡ
ϯŵͦ˼һһƷپȻǰ棬]ɨۣ㶼ҪˣҲ֪ôĹϵбǾԱǰλãλݹأڻû
оⳡ羹ȻûѹԱͷ˷ϯֻδСǷֿˡ
վܣҲûˡ
ɵǣϯλԱ߾ִˣԽһۣϲҲû˵΢Ǵк
]Ԥģϯϵ˺ܾûʵ۲Żʺλɹ
д󣬻ʵߵĲܹ˿ף¹л
λʼﶼˣѦҲ˰ɣ]Ŵյ롣
Ӧ֤뷨һűƿˣɤ͸
⽫Ѧ֪
еľˮһţｫ                        
лҪ˵֪綪ɰҲҪˣjpg


 40 

Ѧ֪Ӱ߽, ӳڱɫ, ͬʵ
], һֱѦ֪ûջ, ѦѦ֪һ˻
Ѧ֪ͷ߶ϵһ˲]Ͱջ
ע⵽Ķô, ʶʻͬʱоǸ⽫䵽ϵ, ܲѺá
ûʲôСʱһ
Ʋ񰡡
ô룬ϻǫǫӵģ, ҿڵ㡣
]Ҳû̧ͷȥѦ֪ҺҲǺ, 㿴˰ɡ
Ҳǣ˵ڵҡ
]û壺ʲô
ûʲôҪ𣿡ɫ糣, ָ°ϵ롣
Ҫ
ùǰĴ룬ʢһ룺ˡ
ڻʵۻڼνѦ, ｫδһҲû֡ʹֻйоأųⱻʯͺݵԭ
ʹͲԽ£ڰ´ִˣҲ
ִɫİѺװ˵ԽǰƽȣȰɡ
ԽҧԼǰĴ, Ҫϯϣһˡ
ʹͺʵ۴˿
͵ĽҪʵ۾ʾʶ¡ء
Ѧʵۺû£ֵһƣ̫Ҳһл̫Щҵչˡ
̫һ£û뵽Ѧֳ֪ϾƣܰšСˡ
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⶯ǣˣ룬Ȼһ¡
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ŵϺҲվлǹҷˣܺá
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ϣͶȻҪޡ]˰ͷø͡
Ѧ֪ﲻرǿ]û̧ͷˣҪ֮֮ͨͨʣݿ˵ˡûؾѹضˣѦ֪£Ҫɵɢ𡣡
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ݿ⻰˵ӲǽѦ֪ʧ̬С㡣
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˵Ƕˣ㻻˹Ҳܸвˡ
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ûػʹӳ
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ǰ˵ôûҳ󣿡


ʲôʱ
Ѧվɳǰֳһ죬һݴѦ֪ڵĻһϳطžȥķλá
ѦɳϵĴһ𣬻һС졣ںڰУѦ֪쵽ˣ
һǰ͵ˡ
ѦЦؾٶȾͿˡĽʿҶԡ
Ӳȥֱݣԭ˿ɱˡѦȻ˵ɱˡ
ЩļֱӴȥ𣿡
ΪһȺ˻Ҫ
ƿԣʣǵҪȵʲôʱ֣
ѦĻ죬˵Եģȵλɱʱ򡣡
˳̾˿ȻˣȻȥˡ
šߵſڵʱѦ̧ͷ˳ְѻʵǱߵҲˡ
˶סСھ
ùܣԱ                        
лҪ˵̵磨úڰ壩⻹㣿ǲҪѴ𰸸˲ף
Ѧ֪ûн󣬵Ҳ밮
лСʹٿȻڶͶ13ƿӪҺһŬģ

 41 

ܴ, ϵ˼ңŹػ, ɳ, һһǰ, ǻ˼ҺۣܲǰҵİԾ϶˺һҡ
ûţֱӷǽȥ, һһֳˣ·ʪ, û˹˵
⿴ʳ
ǡ
ճŵʱû˻û˾סİ˼ʬ塣

͹, Ҫ¥ż𣿡СڵǰЦŨˡ
, ȥ䡣
ϣ͹롣
ڣλ¹ӡ
Ѧ֪ˡ¹ੲ, ֪֪ھǹʲôӣҪٲҹƾҪˡ
Ѧ֪棺ְŪˣ
¹ڨЦⲻ, С
ֻҪһԶžͱ͵Ǯǲв
ô˵أҺô硣
Ŷ͵ǮĴ硣
ϹҲסתƻ⣺常أûؾ
Ѧ֪뵽ԼҴҵĸϻؾǲҲ, Ҫš
澡ġ̾
͹٣ҽˣ
Ѧ֪쳷ʣʲôģ
һ޹ҵ˲ˣ緹ˣ
Ǯ
ûУ㲻˼ĿҲ͵ˣ
͵ƨ
Ӷ񣺡˵СԺҲŹ
Ѧ֪ɫˣûע⵽ϵļȡ
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㿴еٶҲˡ
ӣץסص㣺֪常Ǹʲô
Ѧ֪бһֺۣлԵȻǸҵ
常ҲûʲôѦһʲô⣿
Ѧ֪üû㰲ţ
û˵Ҫаŵõŵȵ
Ѧ֪Īֱ㿴úëֱҵòҪһر
ĿӶҪŵˣҡͷҲȥҿܲࡣ

㲻Լڳʲô
Ѧ֪סĳ嶯ӲҲСá
һᵽС뵽磬޵еš
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Ѧ֪˶촽û˵㲻ıӣ˵˵ү˸ˡ
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Ѧ֪Ŀžһȥˡ
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ʣߵݸҲԡ
Ѧ֪¾Ǽûˣֱǲǲ̫ã
ûǸˡΪСĬϹȥ͵㶫ȴùϵڷŵķǰƿ۾һЩġ
Сģ
ϣͱЩܹûġ
Ѧ֪Ȥˣ𣿡
ô֪
㿴˼Ҫ˼ûоô죿
Ѧ֪ûڵ˵ǿŤĹϲҲȥϱ˵ȻͲϲȱۡ
Ĭá
Ѧ֪ڣ֪
ֱӸѦ֪
ûסĵط
Ǯûˣеط
Ѧ֪ţ⼸סģֳһۣôûñˣ
ŪˣûǮµġ
ǣá
·һ̷ʱѦ֪ͣˡ
һۣ̯ȫЩҪʲô
Ѧ֪ûֱ߹ȥһɫƵģ
λӣɰܼҲãҪһ
ţҪ
Ƽõĺɰôģ
ɰֵϻͷٺãҲܷСõʽ
㻰ࡣ
빴ˣȱٶ
Ϸߺ󣬽һֱš֮ǰܼҰѸɨһ顣ȱһ䡣
ר˼ĳʳװ͵鸮ȥ
׼Լȥ㷢˸ʿ
⽻Ҫ͵͵ͣǸСҪİѶ
Ѧ֪˶ЩľԴ.£ԴΨһķȥϱˡ
Դʿǽ߱ſ鸮ݶϡ
ں]˵
ͦæġ
СûѦ֪¼ƽϺܾãҪԭԽԽæ
ʯԸߣһῴͦ鷳ġ米ӣûӣȥԡɣһҪٴһṫ񡣡
]ҲûȰţҲϢ
ͷ۾ˣȥ˯ɡ
ݶϵĴͷʿˣԼݶϾһƬˡ
ʱ
]ͷܵݶˣ
è֤ס
è]ҳȥ
ᣬ˵ʲôûУпǷݡ
]è£ȥԡ
ȥԡȥ鷿˻š
ûˣµĴͷʿ˿
ǵ̸ӦûҪæܳʱ䣬ͷʿղűһͼֱӰѶڷϡ
յ鷿Լûѹ񱡴ţ׼ȣ뵽ղݶϵ춯е㵣ľԼȥˡ
ȼһ飬ûˣ΢ġ
ﻹûˣ]ԡû˲Ӿ׼ͳȥ
λΰڵĶ
ͷʿ]רŰѺɰŵӵ룬Ρ
𣬷һ£ʲôĶͦͨġ
ɰҵģװ˲ٶ
ϵһֽôôϤأ
ֱӰĶֽúϸ£һ㶼ûɢ
ȴˡ
ղϻû뵽ղŵ춯
ôֻˣ]߽ͷɣԵķһڵˮѬ糺죬£кˮʻ
˵͡
Ķ£ġ                        
лҪ˵һСɰҪַ˳Ǻ߽ܲǷżˣһС糡Сɰ
е㳤ҿһ~
һ£ǲҪǮģҪСɰϲԲǲóǮգ
طˣ嶫ͷּҳǸޣ۰ĳøͯһ
ּҶǮĵҵĴסһӵݺݺ࣬һԼջŮı˸¡
û˰ѱ߲ݾιԼŮˡ
Ǹִ˼Լδޣһջޡ
һſ£ͣޣִûʾϲϲ
ÿȥʱִܻһܵԼķӼ涼Ƶһȥ
ſˮһִϣȻһ
ִ˱һֻޣҪ顣˼꣬벻ִ˴棬˴ﵽСš
ޱ˽εС
Ѱ
ôˣ
Ϊʲô
ʱִѾѧ˳Ĭ
СǰԲ˵ţί۵һˣǴԷӲһ㶼
ִ̧֣ø˳һЩ
ʵ׼
СԲĶһ٣Ҫſãҿ
̯ĵ壬ɫãĥҲ⻬
СļⶫǼеСǮԽҲֻκ￴ױĺܣ
ô飿
ִ΢´һƬɵĺӡһ飬һ顣
ҪСһϵźġ
ֵţ̧ͷ˵ڲϡ
׹Ļеˡ
СһûˮĴ۾
ǡҸĸģ
ģ
š
Сﾪ̾Ѱѽ֪뵽ʲôֲˡԺ᲻Щ˵о˾ͲҪˣ
ʮִɫᶨᡣ
û뵽ʱԽû仰ȥ
ϿǰһҹķȢ
ʱӦĵģԽô겻ܺʲôìܶûȡķϣʱĹ㡣
ִ˸˸Ǻñӣ˯ˡ
⻰Դ֪Ϊʲôִ˲ϲַק

 42 

ֽŵĶ, ]ȥֽƿһ, ĸ¶˸ߡ
ĺɰյ
Ϊ, , ϶šû˴ݲȣͱˣⶫͦϤ, ]Ķٸң
ĺɰϵֽѦ֪˼
֪ĸġ˵ֲ֪ýʲôѬˣԴǻ, ֻš
۵ģ̾˿, Һûʲôϴμ滹Ǽʱ, ˣһ𳤴鶼ߵһ𡣡
紹ۿԼӵ֣Ө, ϴ۵ָץɫѣ۰׵ָ, ˵ĺÿ
ҽѦ֪֮仹ʲô¡
Сʱ£ʲôýģͦĵģ¸Ŀڣ̫СҼǲˣѦ֪һֱ̫
, Ƹˡ]̾Ҫ˵ֲⲻǴڸԼҲʹ졣
˵˻ᣬ]ʵ˯Դһһģ㲻˵й𣿡
˵
˯죬£
˵˾˯
˲Ч]ֻðͯꡣ
ֻҪ뵽һ˴Сˣһ𳤴˶÷겻ѡ
]½ĿڸÿʾҪ˯˼Ŀ
ˣ͵ں庢ӡ

үС˾ھǸûᡣ
ʲô
ʯϴεȰ˵ְλĻλĻźܲ
Ȼǳ硣
ıʣɫƣס
ΪҪ֣ϴλ˵ñҪäĿ֣
Ļﾫ΢Ѿб䣬ڻʵۺֶ֮࣬εƿأõİ취
бŭ۶ĻšĻŲûз˵Լ뷨
òٴƽ飺˵˵ΪʲôǺʱ˵˺֡
֪Ѧ֪顣
뵽ϴ䣬˵
Ѧֳ֪磬Ѧ֪ҲΪүµ˱𡣡
Ļͦܵ
һжΪү
ܳھסµĵһϾˣ˵Ϊ۹ȣ̫ɺˡ
ʯ˲ǮʯҲͷҰǣҪûƺ⣬᲻˵Լ˵
粻ܳ
ˣжᣬȳȥ
ĻżƺüүʧȥһҲһġ
֪
Ļ˳ȥ󣬾üͷ˳ĿڣԼƽ
оԼøױŭ
Ѧ֪һؾȻʱ䲻õҪȥϳ
׻˵ԩ·խѦ֪Ӧöû뵽ǾȻͷˡ
ȸֵӲֹһ˭˭
ĳǺ鷳λá
Ѧ֪Ӳĺܣǰߣã
ҳ򶼺Ϊѡ
һ˵ԭ]ĵܵܰ
Ѧ֪סˣ˭ܵܣѦҿûġ
ü˵]ĵܱܵҵĵܵܡ
Ҳܵܣ
˼һ£]˵һֱ㵱ܵܡ
ûü˵һʣѦ֪㷣㡭
С˸ɰ]˵ǰװʳġ˼һЦ˲ǰ飬رС

Ѧ֪ǱƮѩˡ
Ĭһᣬʣ˵ܵܣ
Цݲ䣺ȻܸСʱĵܵܳΪ󽫾粻жתԼĳ˵һ㣬Сȹȥ
鸮£Ѧ֪ߡѦ֪˲]ֻܵܣ
ǰõģУһҪ]Լ
˵]ֻԼܵܣǸô죿
뵽ĻȡѦܵġ
Ѧ֪˼ȫôԼϣ³ͣ»ûӦ
˼ȲػҲЩѿҧ
ŵŮԼСί˲ǣǰ𣿡
Ѧ֪ƿʲô
Ů˳˺վС󣬽˼ߺ˵ʱᶶԶٷ
ǵĹʲôʱôˣ
ԵĹ˶Էӣʣǣ
˲ʱ˼ϵѪɫһɶ㶵վţǲţ㲻ǵң
Ѧ֪ɻһ£ҡͷǼ𣿡
˼վȰ㣬ܿƵ˺һۣʱǲ԰һƬסһ档
ϥһ񣬡СŮˣߡ
ǲʶң
˼粢̧ͷϴˣߡ
Ѧ֪һ·Ϊʲô֮˼˵Ҫʲôѿҡ
лģСŮл
Ƶʻʱ˼ĽŲǰŲ˰벽
С㣿
ʮǰܱС㣬ʷﲻ˵.֣ĸ޼ĸ׺
ĸСµͲ¶֣ݺݳ˳̬ʷﲻ˵.ֱǡ
͵ȥһ࣬ÿٶǰײ˶ʱСֲڰҹﱻѡ
һͬСôӼ͵һֻȡС˵ֻҪ˵ȥȸһ롣
ͻС֪СǿҹҹıѣҲСõʱ
ֻ֪Ⱥܺóԣ±˸淢ˣĸͨˣֱںɽ
˵ǸȷԭˣŸԻȥ
ɽһéݣǴԵЪõġˡ
˿ںۣСøļȡ
֪Ϊ˺ֲ̫ܶ࣬أΪֹ˼ŷ档˯Ϊ̫ˣȻܹȥҳԵġ
ȻһȵС硣
С˺ܺãûԼҲûдԼҰ
ڵС粻ʶˣСҲˡ
С㣬ôˡŮŸ
˼粻Ը涪ʷĵС㣬ǺɽҰӣ㱻ܾҲҪеŮӡ
ҵĨᣬ۵ʧ񡣡ظ
һߵѦֻ֪֣ȻеΪʲôѻ˵أ
ȷԼûĹϴˡ
˼ظʱĸˣЦݣ
˼磬ȥˣ߽ºˣ˳ɵʣǿˣ
ƮĶ£ûУҾߣûҿʲô
һҲǣҵˡ
ƽ˼һĸѹ£˵ĸ׼ꡣ
˵Ҫ࿴ˣͶʱɡӱֽ
£˼˵Ҽͦõġ
Ҳü
˼紹ۿԼЬʽţ˵ùӲ࣬ٵ˵ͱȥˡ
ٵ˵͸ˡ
Ц˵ôء̾ǵ»ˣҾɿڡ
á
лҪ˵ףСɰһ
ڿһ㣬ܲ˫ȻҲҪңܻʧԣͷjpg
мûҵԤչˣȿȿȣȤĻղһ

İ
ڱ߽߳Ƶˣٵʱ򲻹Ԫ͹ߵԵɺ£Ӵߵ߽ĥһĥɲˣδսδδȫʤֱƵڹ˾ǧ
Ԫ֪ҪؾˣƲڼңл͡
ؾ˵£޵˱ۣһ͵
ܼҽϢΡΡʣŶˣ
󽫾ϵҩ۰ŭ˵ˣ´һš
ҰⲶһѻ̣ȤãƤë˳һֻ
ܼ룺ˣҪǰȥ¶ܱץĵĳﻮŽ;̸ǻϼңûʵҹҡ
ȻּǸӰָףѱ˰£ƵСϻ˲èؽӣ͵
˹ϵԻͣ¥Լɺµ֪ȥⱻԪ͵ˣСϻתָӡ
ǣʲô棬ֱӰˣ
һɳĹ¡
ǺڻһƯxûʵ綯ĵܳ蹫

 43 

ʡ칫ʱյʯĻ, Ȼȥ¸ʱȴûˡ
λھǶ浫û޽ɽϣֻλƫƧЩΧһЩյķݡ
㲻˵Ҵ𣿡ȷʯ߼С, ȻҲһˡ
С˼ԼҴ˲, ֵЩų, ɴ
ܿڱޣѾһ, һ뱻߰㣬û߽ȥ
, Ҫȥ
ͻȻͷСˣС˱һˡҸʲô
ȥɡ
ҽȥ
ţȥʯڲ档ָԼѥ, ҷģҲŪˡ
С˻Ȼ, ͷãǴҽȥˣţ
š
С˽ʱͷ, ˡ
Сû뵽ʱ, Сεͷ˵ţϾͳ
Ц΢ͷ
ȿС˵ıӰʧת첽뿪
һֵʱ·ʡķߣǷػ¡
һ֮Ժ, վǽ졣
ȻдæĽŲϸģ˵ôˣ
ȥʲô취ǸС˵ֲ书
㻹졣
С˵ˣҲˣݵ˻ᣬһŲһصȥ˵ʡļ·˻û
ģѼӻˣ
㿴ˣԼܽȥ
С˵ʲôڱ⡣
ˣұ졣ʼ˵ֲԾ󣬿ܻ뵽ǻȥ·һȥʡҲпܶһط
ǰҪôѣ
ȴӸѣȥӱϢ
ǡ
º󣬽Ųһֱֱˡ
𣿡
űˡ
δյķӹһܼһ᷿ݺһԺӱȫò
ﾹȻˣһС￪᷿ţӭײվǽǵ磬ŵĵɴ˫ۣﱻŵõڵϣȦڵϵ£űߡ
ָŵϣˣʾⲻҪ˵
Сﱻŵ˵˻ֱ㶵Ŀ
޷ϵݸС˵ĶǺˣҪǿš
С̿ˮôģ
ҪȰӦˡ
Сɪɪ㲻ɱҰɡ
ᣬ㿴ǻ𣿡
ĽкԼĵľȣǰȻͻȻ֣ΣԺСһ㡣
Сٵѡ񣬴Ӧ硣
ľűһ죬¶һ˫Բĺ۾
˭
һһCӣ߸ӻͳһƣСǰ¾ջȥ
С￴ûǹٸˣһǱӣץġ˵͸խﻹû
ûûˡ
ʣһڼң
š
߸ӵĿºһЩǽȥһ𣿡
СŷС˵㣬¶һֻۣҡͷ˵С
ˣһǰŵĸ߸ӿžȥ߸ûסŲ佫ľײˡ
Сﱻײúˣ߸ӲŷӦһѽ㼱ʲôСŵá
Cû˵Ķ
߸ӴԲ㿴Ƕˣܿһ𣿡
СɿĳԺӼûˣ˿ǿɣǲܽ
߸Ц£ûػ
Ժûʲôͷѣһ񴲣һ۾ɨ
ûϻСֱƿݵţĳҲͨתһȦѼ᷿ˡ
ʣµСĹ뷿
߸סӣˣ⡣
Ӳ⣬⻹һ䡣
߸ƳᶼС˵ҵĹ뷿ܽȥ
Ӳۿžղһȥ߸ƿʲô
뵽ǰֵҲиôã˻ˡ
ҪǽûҵҪÿӷºݻתˡ
߸ӴӻͳһСˣȥĵط
˵תˡ
ߵű߰ľãݺ᷿һϣԼ
һ۱㿴иӣźҲһ
ǿ˸ŵʱ˹һǮ
˿Цá
ԺС￪ŵʱͷǽˡ
ܱ룬ʱ˭
ҪæǮʯʵ۾͸ˣѦ֪
ҲᣬȻе˽ģѦַ֪ʽ
绹ǻʡɱ˶˵ģЩ˱ˡ
ҴߵĹ̺ܲ졣
ôһ룬ǽ˾뾸ߵģǾ֮»͵͵֡
Ȼǰìͷǲζ˱й¶ˣ
Ҫˡ                        
лҪ˵~
Ļŵжþֽһ

 44 

׷ɱûк;, ѾΥûҪȥ侸ӡ
Ͼ˭ɵ, ﶼ
ھΪ˰, ʯĸˡ
ٶȼķϵ˱, Ǿ˽¸ģĿζˡ
ҲǸ飬ʯ, ֻܹһˣھһЩ򵥵ġ
ϸ֦ĩڵĿ֧̫, Ŀûۡü̴ž졣

һкĿ
˿ţʣôˣ
, 
ǿҪ붬ˣʱ鷿Ǻ, 
ʲô]ҲȥЩ˵Ŀ¡
ͷҳ˵ͦúȡ
ʳеĸ, һһⶼûʲôֻ, Ϊʲô룿
]˵ֱ׳һȡ
Ц˵Ҫлˡ
ʢ
ﻹȥǵ⣬ССĵţһһ׼
翴ԵûԼݹȥ, ЦʣҪ𣿡
]һۣһ˵ҲҪģﻹࡣ
СӣЦ˵оͦܳԵģǻ˰ɡ
ûУҲ˵˴ʲôûС
һ᣺ƽǲǺģֹһο]è˯ÿջظʱ仹ʱĩ
˲侯Ķ磬˽Űɡ
Ϊʲô]ͻȻ֧䣬˵ҪһС
û˵ͷ𣬶ڻԱС
룬ǰ̫ʱôã
]룬˿ů˵̫˶࣬ͬŮ
һ㶣ȫ̫ĺӣ
Ҹ׺ͷּˣ̫ĺӵȻġ
ָҲҪôĺӡ
]뷨Ǿ棬ҿ
Ҫ
ҪԼ
һԼУ⻹
ʱе㼤У㶼ֻһֵܣƾʲôҪܶࡣ
°ͣ״˼һ£ҲС
뱻ط£֭ϣ]ɴ۾˵ûϣʲô
ǰ㣬˵ֻһӵĻ϶ܹµݸҾΪһֳܶʱ򶼲·
]˳ëˣͬĵͷ⵹ǵġʣֳɩɩҪʱ
Ҳǹ
]죺Ϊʲô
ﲻ̫ƽ˵ǿҲԱ
ʧ¶ȣ]̾˿Ƽٵ˵뿪ǡ
Ƶ˵ΪΪ׬뿪
ǲڿЦ]һȣ˾Ͳ칫ˡ
˵칫뵽ϰڵ˱е˻ᣬ˱͸ԵȤˡ
ϰڵʳУʰͱȥˣҰɡ
]ţһ˴Ҳģ˴һ˵õ㡣
ðһȦҵܸʲô
ʾܣұ鿴ɡ뵽ûյ飬Ц˵û㿴Щ
]ѾߵˣԻͷϹ˵ʲô
æģ鷿һʱպȵθůš鷿ְֻüдֵɳɳ]սıܣ۾һһеģſ˯ˡ
ֶһֽŷ]ûзˡ
ŵ߹ȥȻ˯ˡ
ţŵ˵ȥһ̺ӹ
ǡ
Ųܿ죬һͰ̺ˡ
ˣ̺ӡ
ţҪ˹š
ǡ
˸Ǻúȥ˱ֻľͬϵ֮˾۱ߣ˱һ]ʱÿˡ
˱ֹҪĨƽĿ϶ԲϵĵطҪʯ˱˶
е㲻Ծ͵ʯ̰Ǯ
ɷ̰ǳϳ̬ȣˣԻ׹ݶ塣
찵ˣƣ簴˰üʣűˣ
شˣˡ
翴ۻ˯]תͷ˵쵽š
ǡ
Ϊʱ¶дָ֣Щ]˯˵ġ
ȥܿ챻ˡ
˯һˡ
ۣԺ䲻һ֡
Ҳת˷
ҪԷˡ
Եɵɵۣ򴰻ȥˣ
û¿飬㻹ſ˯ˡ̺ȥ᷿ϴһ£͵Է
ŵʱͻȻ᷿꣬Ĵ£ͷʱ]˿ӡ
Աˣ
ȶˣԡ
ϳԶ׻ʳûǿ鷿Ե᷿õţ᷿󣬰˸Ϣõ齺ͳԷӲռˡ
ϣ꣬Ƿ˵ζ
ô󡣡
Ҫˣ´ѩ
֪ô뵽ļ磬ҲƮСѩɡ
ţʱȥ
˭֪ʲôʱʱ䡣
꣬Ҫ˵Ļǲͽɡʱ䣬һµʱܽùˣҴȥһˡ
ϳ
£˶˵üˣҵȻɨˡ
]Цˣ˵ûͦ¡ܲٿϵĳʳʳˣǸкࡣ
дϷʣҪҸ˹
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ磬˰ɣҲ붯
]һһεģҧıʱһࡣ
˳극ƷǵûСһ㣬ˡ
ƴɡֲס]ɴ鷿̺ӱ
ȥ
]һȤѵߵĴɡĻʻȥ
̺ӻͦ󣬸ס˴´࣬]ûôߣ̺棬߱һɶ
㣬̺Ӻ۾ˡ
°ڶʪˣɴ˱
ԣұȥ
һ·
ݺŰ˷£ʵû̺Ӻû𣬸ʪѻʪ͸ˡ
ĸϽѸɽݹˣҸ
ˮԡ
С
]߲߶˵ȥϴ
һɡ
]ͷֶˣĸҸѵĶҲͣˡ
ûֲԾһ㣬ܺ
ĸߣߴŵ]
˾ңʪ]ѣϴɡ
Ƿˣ㻹ʲô
ⲻϻڴϱѵһɶѵһɶû
]̹ѹסֽţѣдЦҶꡣ
Ȼѹķ˶ðԡͰ
սʧܺ]뵽һ취ĽٷһͰˮ
֪˵Ļؾ鷳ˡ˵˵ң
ľͰϣЦǿôأ
Ǿһϴɡ                        
лҪ˵ߣʲô
糬Ĳ̣죺һǮԼӵʯͷϣ濪ġ
Ҳ

 45 

㿴, ҲҪȥĹƽľͰѹһɨ硣
ƽĶ, Ĳ, ͼ￴Щö, ȴҳס
пʱ]ջĿ⡣
ôˣϷʵʡ
װĻش𣺡ûʲôÿġ
пۺúŵ, ðɣղŲǿͦ𾢡
]ĬĬԡͰ, ϺԡͰڡ
ʲô
Ͱ磬ʵڲ˼ǻǱһϴɡ
İ̿˿ò, ֳԡͰϣǰڻ
ܿ, ëˮʪˣˮ棬۽糺, ޹һ
֣]۾, ۾ĴУ΢۲ŷĽë
ʲô²ûѡ
¶Ѹɾˡ
ֲû˵겻֪ôģһˮ]
ʲôûӦͱһˮְϵˮȥ
翴ǱЦ, Żģһϴ
]㵽ȥϴ
ָָ棬ûҲð𣿡
]Խһֱھ磬Ļ˼עΧ
ȥ棬һɣǰûޱȡ
ĿڣȥûƱҪ̻صӡ
ôˣ
Ҫɽ
ɽľϡ
⽿εε˵ҹš
κ粻Уɰɡ
]ûˣֽУ
ģĪ˷ݲ࣬˵
ϴͷ
˵Ҫϴһϴ
ɾˮ˵ϴˮֻ
ûгĬܳʱ䣬ܿ촫̲]ǲǷʰ
ŵˮȴ˺⣬ɰͰ͵Ц
绹кУûϴþͳˡȻдúУǹĳǰС
κȽ
Զżζˣ]Ʋ죬Ҳȡ
ѾֵߣίҺһ㡣
Ȱɣ
ζǣűӼˡյ뱻ˣζȥ㣬ֶһ뽪
]üҲˡ
Ȼܺġһһٲܽӡ
ôȣ
Ⱥȣȡ
һɣͣҪǵ˷纮һ۵ġ
һ٣ĿչЦ˵ð
һҹﰾĴһζʣϲɺ˵Ƕûð                        
лҪ˵:ϡ
Сɰ:ף̵ܽжҿǴһġ
:ûУ⻹ʵģȺˣ
ףСɰǺΡ

 46 

˻ҪҪٶ֣
, ү𣿼Ȼֺαȥˡ
ˣүҲֻһʱͿ, ûΪˡ
ҿ֪Ϳˣ
ǲˣ
ﰲ, ˻Ŵ, Ȳȥˡ
ǡ

ˣ
ͣ, ʯ
ʯ£
ʯļ˵Ҳδˣȥ¥ȶƣ
, ȻҪȥģ¶ɫ, ¥ʵڲȥˡ
ô˹ܵĽ
Ϊѵĵͷ
ʯȴǹЦ˻̫, ҾҹؼңҲҶһ䡣
˽̵з
ʯǫ䣺һ㡣ת˵:ȻѴǲھ¥
˿, ʯҡ
£ټ
Ƴʯ, Ц⣺ʯ룬ĳǡ
ʯߺﻹһˣʣΣ
үˣ翴ûǷ˼
ƹٷľǹؼʱ, СΪϣ˻ôˣ
һ¾깤
˱ÿ㡣
үġ
յûã
ιС˲ϴȥµǸʯߵҲһ顣
ˣż
ƺ΢һ£лָ·С˾Ȼʯߵġ
С˿ˡ
żȼ¯ζŨտŵʱ㱻Ǻ
ʯɫ糣Ҳ֪ǲѬˣŲһȥͶϵĲյʯҰ¯Ϩˣ
ʯӦͰѲˮý¯İ̱ضϡ
ʯ˵еðûŵζ
üѹ֣ζҲ̫ŨˡˮڵȻڿɢ
վýȥڣ˵ζﻹ΢˵ζֵ㡣
ʯѴͨ磬 絹裬µĺ˲裬˳
յ΢һڣЦ˵ʯ£ʱԲ衣
˵ЦˣӹŰˡʯЦź˲ȥһˡ
Ǿܽӣ⹫ûæ꣬ðɡʯϵЦ΢ȥԸʱ䶼ûУ
̾˿ûʱ䣬˲ʱ䡣
ϴλµˣʯæͣҺ;˼Ǻܿش˵ġ
ҶԾͶϣΪ˿¡ڻƳȳȵĲˮϣأ
ʯɫУǧ룬ϴεֻǾߵ˻⣬ȻҲ˱һְûѻ˵ɴһģҪ㲻ţµ˱Կɹ֡
Ц̧ͷʱȴ꣬Ǿ˰ɡ
³ˣʯЦ˺ıүȻ߹Դ
װģ˵ҲЩֻΪ°ˡ
Σʯһɾ壺־յԲƾһ
Ҫྴʯˡ
żٵĿ
統ظյʯ˱ҹȼӰࡣ
磬İʱ]ԽԽ䣬Խѡ
ϴãųŵʱͻȻԺ
ɻ󣺡ôûȥϳ
Ϊίˣҽ塣
Ŷ𡣡찴ʱ鷿̡ÿ춼ܿˣ˭ûȥʱ䡣
ܹе飬⣬컹Ҫ̣
ţûꡣ
ҵȻҪַԼȥϷ
üʣң
̫ˣҪȥ
Ѿڰˣ]һ۾Ϳϵİӣ˵ˣžͳȥ
𣿡
ʱɡһзưҧһڲ緹û
û
İӣһ԰ɡ
ȥеӵʱѹסӣзԶֲ
һӻûƴҲų
ܳˡѿջȥԼȴһѰӳˡ
һǹġ
]ĳˣƽȥĲ¥ûԽ
ԼȥˣţΪԽˣſȴǸûС
ԭԽҹ˷纮ûˡ
𣿡
˵Ļ˵ϢС
ȥźŰɡ
ǡ
ˣǻȥ̰ɡ
ʱɡ
һӺ]˸ż䣬ﻹ˸ˡ
ô˵ˣ
Ѧ֪Ѧ֪ȥʱɫá
ʾ֭뵽һ⣬ȥĸ𣿡
ȥһȥ̫
Ҹĸðɡ
Ѧ֪ûȥˣǣĸˣ
]û˵ָȴʽӡ
ҪǽżȻˣ㻹Ҷã
]л˵ˣû㣬˹ͽ죬ƽʱͼ档
Ѧ֪ҭһ£ϴĶյû
յˡյյˣûסˡ
Ѧ֪ڵģ]ûıʾˡֻԼôģ
Ѧ֪ڲ¥ΪԼڵɫʶĸоǶԵģѦ֪ϲ
ʹʹѾˣҲѦ֪סҼˡ
Ѧ֪ü֪
ǸܺãҲܺá
ؾǼˣ⻹ĴѦ֪Ҳҵ£һǳǸ鼫áʼ÷Բ£Ѿޱꡣ
ѾԼԤĴ˵ֲһˡʹʼڽ]
Ը̫ѿԼ᲻÷ؾ˸⣺չ˺㣿
ܰͦõġ
ɬ֪ûϣˣ̲סﻵ󣬡ϴϳʱˡ
ͬΪٰ˵ϳֹͩȥ뽫ͦġ
Ѧ֪˵ӿģҵҪˣּסˡ
˿ڲ裬ͦƽ˵̫ĳûҲǶ¡
]µģԣǳûģ·߲̫Ϥ
ӦòɳûƷ°ɡ
Ѧ֪⡱𣺡ǶԼõ˻ҪϸѡҾͲ·ģõʱңҪǱ»ý
]ڼ󣬡̫æˣ̫˵Ѧ֪˵ʲôæ˵ʵҪңĳûġ
һ죬Ѧ֪м־ʤ̬ûڣҲ֪ǲǼĹϵǾǵӲ̫һ
]Цðɣǰ׾˵㡣
˵ֱӣⳤҲ̫ûš
]ŴУû£һͦϲġ
Ѧ֪̾˿ȻǶˣҪΪڴ̫ãϴλ㱻ɱˣȫ
ʲôϴβ㱻ɱˣ                        
лҪ˵ʯҾҹؼңҲҶһ
磺̯֣֪ʲôýġ
ߣƷ̲ζѦ֪֪һһֻң

 47 

ô֪ģ
Ѧ֪ɫ, Լû˵¡˵Ķѽֵռˣ㾪, ô, ˭֪
֪, ıӻ£ʲô֪
Ѧ֪˵˼ǲ˶֪, û˻
ϰµ, ʧ̬ƵģȻȥɣ´лġ
û, ҾҪرˡѦ֪վ
]⣺һξҪô
Ѧ֪а⣬ȴ˵ЦҲֻǻ͡пô
߽ս¶, ҸҲˣʱҲҪҰæ
ѦѦ֪Ҫ뾩ʱ, Ѧ紫һЦѦ廹ðɡ
ã˻ܴȥ
]Ц, Ѧ֪״ȭ׵ʱҶûһϲƣòһһĹ򶼲Ըң
]صڲ豭ϣѦ֪ܹоĶԼûŮϵ뷨
ƹˤ, Һһɡ
Ѧҵһֻ磬еĽֻһˡ
]ҧ촽һ˵ž͸ˮ
Ѧ֪ŸԼ֣´ټ֪Ǻˡ
Ϸ죬Ѧ֪ջ
˲裬ʣôãҲҪס
磬]뵽Լ£ֱۡǻһһΣĻʽ͹ʱһ
Ҳûôã̫ʲô¶ϲáܰԼΪǶԵȥ
ΪʲôңҲϺȣ㲻ҵģҾͿԼװģΪʲôܺ˵һ
аԼʲôá
ȻҲܸæд磬ҿȥѹҲС㡣
ܺ˵ܽ
Ҳ˵ܻ
żȻѦ֪֪ڷйܣû˵
]˵Լֲ˼ˣҶ˵һѡ
Ҳ֪Ѧ֪ĸˣȻðһ䣺ҪǲϲҲбİ취˵޲Լơ
˼ڴΣ챿˵ø˼Ҫһ
Ȼ¶ְҲ磬Ҳˣʱϲ׽ŪˣҲ֪ľǼ٣
ͻȻĿ֨һżſˡ]ʣµĻȻֹ
ȥסˡΪʲôܱ˵˻ǰԾڿഫġ˲аͼƣһͿء
ҽȥС𣿡⻰ǶѦ֪˵ĵ۾һֱ]
Ѧ֪ܾ]ʹ˸ɫƻ˸ֱץ˸ΣСŲסϵ佣ˡ
翴˵ĻˡѦ֪߹ͽżŹϡ
ʲôʱģղŻ˵ãֱˣ]е顣
ɫ䵭ƽûʲôͬ˵Ļȴǣ˵㲻ϲҿʼ
]üĲǵһΡ
翴ԭ¶ࡣ
Լ˵ʲô취ϣһ㡣
֮Ĵһ۵ľ룬ûǰ]顣
ɾ㷳ô죿ЦѦ֪ѲɻΥ
ô˵ҲýȢ̧̧ŵġ
㲻ϲҲҪҰһġ
Щ֪]
ԴǼңҲûǰһ
ĿǰͷǸõİ취ұҲ˵ϲ㣬ʵҺ滹л
ʲô
һӣ䡣ǰԺܲҪ𣿡
ҪǸƽ⻰׼һͿͱԼķˣΪάΪǿסˣʲôˣ
ǰɱû˵·ĵڶһȥ鷿һǶһ㶼һ䡣
û⣬˵һҲǶ£ûʲô˵ġ
ıһµȼ˵ΪʲôҪҲͺѦ֪˵˻ỰڲԣҪϲ˭ˡ
Ļû˵ڣΪָˡ
ɫˣô޸綼ըˣ˵õĻ]ӯۿֱȥˡ
ԼԽԽҪƲסˣҧ]תˡ
ż]ĬŲܿޣܿޡ
ЧỨۿת˼Ȧ̻ȥˡ
ʰ˼ųȥ
Ųſڣһץס˦˦֣û㲻Ƕ𣿡һЩûĪıᣬ³۸ˮһ
Լǣ֣ˣίһ
ǣֲţǣӡ
Ҳǣɿҡ
ǣһξһӣɿ˿ɾûˡȻɿңǣ㡣
]ӣֽûˡû۾Ҳʹ
ȵϲ̫רע]һûסһһ
ϲסɴӸиբɣԽԽࡣ
㡣
аɣҡոܳŲ¥תһȦûߡֲİһ˶⡣ڲ¥ſڵ
ϴ̫죬Ҫƪ۵]֪˵ʲôˡɰͰ͵˵ͻ
ǰһޡ˵꣬˶һ۶סˡ
绹ܱס]޵ͷôһͣЦֱӰ˸סˡ
߸ıﻹдʣˣˡ
ȵǺûˡ
۾˵ţûޡ
Ҫؼҡڻڲ¥ԱߣȻûʲô˾һǲ˼
߰ɡǣŵһֱûɿ
ȻѾΪ³һܣͺҲӡ
Ժң
һޡ
ղŻףҶ˵ץסÿһ󣬳ʤ׷
Ѧ֪˵Ļܣ˵ҪļޣȻ
]֣ʲôʱ˵ҪļˣҺѦ֪˵ĻҲֻһ룬ȡ廹ң
ڳ]ָϲÿɷ񣬡ôѦ֪һġ
ԭʼԭûƪ]̾˿ڲ¥ˡ
𣿡
ʲô
ϲ㡣΢ͣһ£۲]ɫûз˼ż˵Ҳϲܲٺ档
΢һίӣƫƫַʽס]
ʵʵ˵ҪرˣԺҲôܼ
ĵ˵ͷ
]Լϵ·Ƶ˵ȥʹ˵һɡ
˵ʲôһȦˣãЩϾܽ׼ˣǷһʱ
Ϊ˺ݶһСİԼ۽ȥ
Щˣ˳ָˣзִ磬ġ
ૣ¶ңôܷġ
΢٣̧ۣˣһξһ㡣
ظĿ]׵۾һѿڶԱߣֻʻȥ
ˣҸü
ָ֣]۾ΧĴһ]ûܵᣬִһ¡
ʲô
ûʲô˵ûʲôȴ棬Ϊʲô˵޾Ϳޣ˵վա                        
лҪ˵Ů˵ֿ˧ըȥ
ҵӲ˵ʵͽ졭˵
Ӧûж

 48 

, ϵĸʲôͷŵĲԶˡ
˭ˣŴϾһߣѦ֪ûĺǺ
Ӵ˭, ʲô
ۿλҪ, ջķ۵İ˾һЩ
λү, үаɣ˵һвڴǧ۽ӡ
ûͷĺһ, תͷȰסһרĶԸһ
ѦС, ҵѦүǷʲô죬쾡ү, ҪүĴڶ֪ٻˡ
Ѧ֪Ӳ, ҿǸСͲ̹
̾˿һ£үСͰ, ôְϵˡ
Ӹովͱһ, תͷֻ˵ǰ첻Բ֪Ѧ֪˱ˣ
Ӵ
δ䣬ֻѦ֪˾䣺ȥү, קŵĸ첲ɱȥһš
ͨһ˸ˡ
ѦүʲôأүӾʯ飬ҵĴ󺰴С
Ǵӵ֧ˮȥֲġͨˮ棬ں
Ѧ֪¾䡰ȥߡȻקסƨֲˮ
ԴӷѦұۣ͸ĵһƦϰߣҲ
үȥȡקˣѦ֪ԣһŸȥڿ󺰣үͰѦ֪
Ѧ֪һ࣬뱻ȥһžԼȥ
ٶȸǺˣƮһһȥģˣֱȥ
סѦ֪¿ȥˣȥ
Ѧ֪ͷô֪ǹˣ
һ˲ƽһ·˵һһʮֵƯ˵ֿۻ治йı־𣿡
Ѧ֪Ҳ飬ģôû
棬ղιʱҿˣץסѦ֪ĸ첲˳ˣȥ㣬Ҫл
ȷ˸ҪѦ֪ŷš
һϰɫ԰ףȫ¶ʪ͸ˣٴǸޱȵĿۡ
ⲻԼûл䣬£ϣţүѽҪ˷纮ô찡
ѹʿϲзΪӣѦ֪Դۣܰ˲ɡ
תͷһۣ˵䡣
ˮ˾˵ʲôҲѦ֪һ𣬷Ҳȣ˶Ȼȥ
ˣ˵Ļлնлλ˳ȡ
á˵תϴһʣܷ˵л
ת˵ãҼ˲š
Ǳи˴л
ȻϴӰ󣬷ŻȥѦ֪ȵòͷˣߣٲȥҤŶҪˡ
ôҪȥ
Ѧ֪ŷһһٵ˵ߡ᲻źӵѹģ˳˳ģֻɫд˵㾪
ǻһôǰˣ
Ѧ֪ӿŲǰƮĴңôУ
ںƲ죬˵ү˵оС
Ѧ֪ǵڶߣ˭֪һ磬ͱΧˡѦֳ֪彣̫ŽΧס
̫ɤӳѦСּ
Ѧ֪ѳʣüŭΧŽּʲôء
̫Цݲ䣬С˵˲ͬ
ָ̫ɤ˵СּýҪ¡
̫Խʹ˸񣬳ʿһѦ֪ĽһŹȥ
̫Ĵɫʥּ˻ʵگԻ⽫Ѧ֪丸ҵΪЧ׼£Ա
ּѦ֪񣬻ܷҹ齮ｫһ֮
̫Цɤ˲С㿹ּ
Ѧֱ֪δ
Сּʵۻܿݿķ㣬㱳ʿأ
΢һۣܿһãȻΧŵʿڱ߽ˣ
£ּ
СŶʥּݸѦ֪ ˣСͿ๦ߣ˽ڽСȫ
λεѦ֪ǰ㱻ԱߵĽõ¡
˭õСҪô죿̫óֵĽ˿
СΪ˱İȫԺٳţҪҪʲôͺĽ˵̫ЦǺǵһȻûȥ߽Ƕֵܣ˭Ҳ˭
Ѧ֪ʥּק룬ƺһҪȥ˺ǰˡ
̫ˣµĽԾĳȥѽŶˡ
Ѧ֪۾һֱŸţʿòǻᱱ𣿡
أôء
ɱˣ
Ѧ֪˼ţͷʣأ 
ʿһۣҡͷû硱
Ѧ֪ü첽ķ䡣
߿ˡѦ֪±ӣѱǰˡ                        
лҪ˵Ѧ㻹ǵôϵĶ
ѦΪ



 49 

һѦ֪һ˶ھ, һûл㶼ûӰӡ
ýԺһ, Ѧ֪бƻ﷢й
սĽʿǳ˷, ߵġʱ˼, Ѧ֪ȥǴ졣
С𣿡һ, ʿĨʡ
Ѧ֪ѳǹӽϣˡ̨߳, ϵˮ
ʿҲ߹ץԼˮں, ﷳֽƤˮˤڵϡ
ƽʿ˵С߰ɡ
Ѧ֪ˮӶס, бһۣ飬οȥ߽ȥģ
ʿ, ŭ𣺡ѲǾҪ⣿û¹Ѳɻ漸ޡ
Ѧ֪ˮ, һ⣬ô죿
ʿֱϣﲻϤı߽ӽݵ
Ѧ֪ûϢ
ʿҲƣûС
ҹʧٶϻʵ۾˽סǡôɵʱ, ˵ǲܵġ
أ˶˵ͻϴ˹ܼңûлؽ
һĶڸʲô
ͬջʵ˼λس빬飬Ѧްڱ߽Ľ춼ɱˡʵۿڱǸֱ׵Ĵҵͷת
һϳŵӵʣҪｫؾ
ʵŭһʹűʮֱǣ
Ѿãս̫֮ԶһֱھⷽݵЩԱ¡
ϣΪӦѰΪ
Ҫа
һ󳼼ʵ̬Ȳԣæվ⣬ϣΪӦʩ⽫ھУʵʩѹｫͷ
ʵһĸλ˭˾᲻֪ʵѾӹ˽⽫ǲӡλ˵Ҳ˳Żʵ⡣
ʵ۲ÿɷ񣬵תһԵĽУο£
ر£ΪʩȷǸð취˭ȷｫ췴
Ǻ½ʿģ
еķݿݿѦ֪Ĺĸλ󳼶ΪлڴʱӣûȻΪѦҿ
һʱ֮䣬ڳĬʵ壬ɨһȦ˵˵ǰѦҸδ
ر£ΪｫвޱҲһɢں֮ڡǻΪβô˻ջر
ԭھѦɱ˾ˣǱǲǿԳô˶ʵ˼Ƭ̣ʣаѦܴӦ
£ｫĶӲھ𡣡

ǶһУͷʹ͵ĴӴֽŷǽŲӱߣһֳһֵ衣
Ⱥ˵ˮоһЩˣл۲Ļⲻķ䡣
ǵǱһӣȻûʶˡ̧ӵĳֱӰ̧Լˣ
ֽŻָ˵վѷŴ򿪣磿
Ժվŵ˾ȻǷΪʲôؽѲѦ֪ǻڷˣ
һ¶Цĵط̬ȺƽһɻûУ㣺үҸóԵġ
еô⣿
극˵ʮȥ˳һӵĲˡ
䣬㻹û⣬壺ģѦ֪أ
ӵĶһ£㿴Ծŷ͡
ǻھǡ
һ飺Ѧ֪أ
ڽ
Ϊʲô⣿Ѧ֪סˣ
ǣ˵Ҿʹˡ
ʲôһ룬ѲѦ֪ݻ˽Ѧ֪ʲô¶ɵóû컹ºˡ
뵽˴ŭȻңˣһҪÿ
Сˡ
㲻ϲ˵ʱı飬ʲô˼
ҧǾ˵ʵʵΧסˡ
üƾʲôΧ
̾һ̶Ѧڱ߽ɱ˻ʵ۵ˡɻʣ˵ҪͲò
ɴ۾ŵĺһɤӣ˵ʲôֱϵ궼ŵˡ
㻵£ͣҲȲѣһжԭġ
¿ˮץŷĸ첲ʣѦ֪أҪģѾ˰ɡȻѦ֪Ǹ֪ôĻ򣬵ܹ黹ԼĵܵܣΪ常ҲĿѦ֪ȥ
ʵֻ֪ˣСʱû¡
ûԷ˼ʲôʱû£常ɱˣʵܲŷߣȥѦ֪
֣СӴСûһ˳¡
վĶ̫ͣڻеͷΣסſ˻ͷͷû
߰վ
Ҳã˵ǲȥ
ΪʲôüһϷǰ̬ȣͻȻ뵽һܣ촽̫ȷʣҲ常׶ӣѦ֪Ǳİɡ
лҪ˵:ⲻһĹѪ

 50 

ΪʲôȥѦ֪, ˼ȥֻ͡
ıھ, е㻳ɡ
Ѧ֪ǽ׶ӡ鲻
ԼӹҲס, ƣǻȥ, Ҫǻʵһѹô죿
˻˵ʵ۲ĶǰҲô
ʹżҲ֪᲻Ѧ֪, 常ö˶˵ʲô
ڵĻ⻰Ӧ˵, ͸ǿʲôˣ㻹ǵĸ𣿡
Ȼҡͷм俪ʼ, ׽˾常һѦ֪
㸸׵ҲλĹԱ
ǰ̹һЩ, ȵãһ졣
ʹڷͷʢʱҲǽС΢, һֱΪЧҡ
￺ȵȴ֮, ɱ㸸ף
׷ȵ۶ȥӣ㸸ʬ޴氡ǰץסļһӾкᡣ
㻹Щû˺, һֱΪԼǸûҪС常ͬȻˡ
̽ʣҸңҵĶӣӵ˴ǰ֮ˣǲֻɽȻʵ
ŷͷʣȻΪʲôҪɱҸף
µ޻ȻȨλдŷ⣬뵽ԼӾȻȶˡ
үǶ꣬õĻᡣ
󣬻еԺôͻȻ֮ͳ֮Ϣ̫𾪣ŶͷҪһᡣ
ɷסϣүȹһһֱ
ûܾǾܿȥ
үһҪ𰡡
Ĵɤһһ͵ģֱ㱾ͦ˵˸ϡãȱ˵ˣһ
һƨԺͷͶԱš磬ȥѦ֪ɡ
֪͵վŭĿԲүڿǸʱ䣬˵㸸ױˣ
û뵽Ӧô󣬡뱨𣬿Ѧ֪ڽ
ŭ𣺡նֻڽʵ۲ŻΪס
㱻ɵͺһ䣺Ѧ֪常Ӷ԰ɡ
ںܺΪʲôû㰲Լ߹̣ܽڰʲôɵ
ɸ֣ҧгݵ˵ү㵽ĸסں޲ðԴš
ףСʱ򻹱д¡㼱ϾͰѲסš
⻰㱻þȥԼĻڣʹԼ侲㣬һҪΪΨһѪ
֪Ҳû취Ӵʵۡ
㡣
常Ҹ׵Ĺˣ
˿ʦ֣һͬڹԪ¡
ϰ䣬ģҲʱõİ
ƣˣҼ磬ٺú룬Ҳˡ֪Ҫ˵ʲôѦ֪£Ƚ֮գܳ
ûԼһܱ˵ǸеСǮɢӣȻִܺĺϹϵ
Լ˵ϣȷҲΪܡ
˷ʱиʱõġ
㣬ڸлʶƵ
ʱߣ롣Ҳͨ˺ܶ£Ϊʲô常ھǣҪϷΪʲô˵㣬žҪñ

]Ӵôˣ㻹ҪȥģҪ˯ʱ˸С˵仰·
ߴ±ߺ˵Ҫд䶯ʯĶҲȥˡ
ʱ̫ͻȻ]Щקסȥ𣬷ҪϵĹȥ
һһΣաοͷû±ģҺܿͻ
˯˾ܿңòã
]ɿˣϸ·Сġ
֪˯ɡ
úҴҳš鸮뿪鸮űһСƿ̽ͷ̽ԵһᣬҲǲҴҵˡ
ʡûеţҼ֮У³ʱһۣͲ
ô׼ȥģʯͬƽЦϣʱһںҹҪ䲻˺һƤ
һں˳ֵΧŵ绹һƵģʯ˵Цǳתתͼݴɳ
ʯƤЦⲻЦͷõȻĶġ
˻ǲϣôżҪʲôʯ¶ˣѶ
˲ɡ
ɫ䣬ЦһҵȻˡ
ʯƶж°һ۵ݸʯĴ򿪷˷ۣһٲ
ľս֡
ʯݣΪͶϣȻⱳһ֣Ǿͱˣˡ
ʼգ綼ֵĹأʯƽģܴЦһ㲻ãֻһְɡ
õЩϳ֤ңѲһ¶ץң
Цһ㣿
ȴһƵ˵ţʯ
䵱ȼ⡣
ΣĳɫԺĻʵ˵ֱȥɡ
ʣɾﻹһˡ
ҪټȻپһս
ӦŴȥ˾
ϵǣһȺҪļ檺һ⾹Ȼûаӡ
°ĲãڻʵһҪѲƤʧĿ硣
ǣѣֱץзɱۡ
ڵʱ͹˳ţôһӲǵġ
ҰѲ飬ûˣȻ˸
ˡ鷿š
ˣ
ţȥеĸջСֱȻţҪҪȥ
繴ЦȻ˰Ƕ֣ΪʲôҪԼ֡
ҲðϢ߻ʵۣԼȥҡ
ǡ
С뿪һŴ鷿ȥԡһ飬ϵѪζϴ
ѾˣΪ]Ѿ˯ˣĨ߹ʱСײϰŪ˵죬ϵ˱һµ
ôû˯
˯ˣô
ϴʲô£˿˯ⲻ𡣡
]żĻ˳ư§ˣ]̧ͷʣղȥԡˣ
ţһȦͦľȥϴһ¡
]㷲ǲˣ˵塣
һǲǲ˯ˣ
]㬵ջ֣ˡ
лҪ˵ķ϶
Ҷ˯


 51 

һҹ, ǵ춼ˣԭ˵Ļɱѹ, ҹ˼ҡ
Ƿ, ֽǵĸʾ֪˶١
ϳʱ, ʵ˳µ¾ñıᣬɱɱ
Ĵν, ͿͣΪ, Ʒνޡ
³ʱס, Һ]仰Сĵ㡣
㸮ĻҲû, мģȻˣȥ]ǡ
û, ܸӵӵл
ͣбҲСĵ, ־ܵˡ
֪
⨺ɢչľһҹǰʯʨһҡ⾸
صѲ֤鷿һûȫˡ
ҲЩ᲻صĶҪĻҵı
ˣз־١
, ȥѡֽ
к̷ܼܶŵ㶨ȷǸð취
һլΧסٰ֣ܳ˵ˣҡ
ˣ
ˣûӦ
ɨһȦʣȷˣ
ǵ˿ȥͰƬסģû˳ȥ
ȻȺﴫֻլԺϿͻȻðỤ̃һͼݶȼ
û뵽˻ݻһʱûĹǣô죿Ҫȥ𣿡
磺ô󣬽ȥ𡣡
סƱյΧС䵭Ķһ䣬תˡ
˾ǾΪλô꣬ôһѻԼ֪ô鷳͸ҹȥջץ
вԥûȥʡֱӻظˡ
]ԺĲɵĶèͷ˳ëͣˣֱС
ͷм£̧ͷʱˣè£ʣôڻˣ
ûʲô£Ȼˡ
]Ȥְˣ²̫ðɡ
üʣ֪ˣ
ӦǸ³ʱˡ
Ų죬Ϊ»Ҫһ˵
]Ц˲Ϊ˵ɡ
ֻһ¡
̫棬]ֱʲô
¶һ˿һѦҿҪˡ
ɡѦ֪ھ𣿡
ֻǾȲûбֳɫ˵㣬˵Ӧ׼Ӧϡ
]ô֪ģ
Ѧ֪ºизˣϵʱ򻹲Ѧ֪һѣܻΪˣʵǱź˵ġ
]û˼Ҫ𣿡
ʧЦôھǣ
]ֱ׳˵Ҫˣ˵һ룬ɵ㲻ѦҵĿ󳼰ɡ
һʵ˵롣Ѧ֪ϵֲã˭ȥ
ĵ̾˿Ƽٵ˵ְûùƷٺ»
²һеǮġ]ѾʼİȥʲôطҪȥɩȻٿ
ź˵ϧˣֳɩɩȥˡ
ݣط˺
û鲻ԣӻţȥס죬ȻطլԺ
ʵ벻ʲôʱطʱ£ʣʲôʱȥǹ٣
ȥȻǾߡ
ϣѦҪôȻʵۿ϶ߡ
ο˵Ϣ߽Ҫʱ䣬ü
]˼ţСʣҽ˵Χˡ
ԭʵˣ˲ɫ
£ʵʵ˵е㣬˲ԽԽѻ˵꣺ϾǰҺϵͦãҲҼҵݣҪʲôҲͦԲѦġ
֪˼ǲ˵Ǹ۵ˣʶ˵ｫܲԼĶ⡣˵
˵]תʣȥⷿʰȻҪˣȻҪǰʰá
㡣
]Ȼİѿⷿ˱óЦ˵һΪϴżϴ˱󶼲ˡ
ģ̾˿ͦ˵Ϊ
ᶫЩò]˱Լû¸ˡ
˸ʰ£翴˱ͷ
ǶͷûӾʹˡ
ͷž͸ƵαϣѷҴαοյĵطȥ
ɿϾͷһ̬ţɫ䵭ʱʱëһ
]ƲƲ컹ǰͷ⿪ˣʵģɴ䴦Ķ
ͭҪˣ·Ͼ͸߻ˡ
ƷǻӰɣ̫·㡣
ѵƶֱ۹]ֺǺǵԱָֻš
ܴĶԽԽ٣ʣȫӣð죿
԰
׼٣
廹ߵɡ
˵ˣһ£ˣͼֺõĹʱ뾩ʱһţ
ʲͣ뿪ǰҪ̫˵һɡ
ȻˡȻ;ʱ̫죬ǳ׻ûаɡ
ĸ¶졣
찡ͻȻҾҪϼˡ
ͣ±ʣЦЦʲôиһϼң㶼ٴҪ뿪ˡ
Ҳֻᣬڶʰˡ

үˣ¸ڵϣ˵ŹĵĻϵûվ˼
򵥣ڲסĹүҪˮ𣿡
Դ֫ڷԼ̵ļʢŭƢסͷ͹羹ڱģҶҪɱ
˿δӰ죬ȾеĶϵĲ豭ƲһүȺȿˮɡ
ֲڵĲ豭üʣģ
ҽһԺӣüͷչЦŽ˵ﲻ˷ֵġ
ʱһҲЩڿʣӹ豭ˮ͵ʣʲôˮôǿģüҪˡ
ҪĶҩ۲žɫӦͦõġ
ùģЩɫ󣺡ʲô
鵭˵ӦǽҩɡȻҰܵɫͲŵɫڶ˵⣬ʵұʳ˺ʳɢЧ̫ԡ
ƢҲûı仯Ҫģϡ
Ĳ豭תһȦ죺ҩһλء
ӮžŭȻڴߣɱ㣬û뵽ôˡ
ҩѾˣһڿѪŭĶָһһģȥ
ڿ϶룬Ҷôãôɱң
̾ҪϴκˣҲⱲӶȥǼ¡
͵۳һѪ͵ڴϣԭŭ˻ҡ
лҪ˵
ҵԤչԻͿ90ˣʾС
ܻж
´ټ

 52 

Ҫ, һڹڡ
ĵŮôͱһӡ
Ҷ׵ǼҲһֲ߻İ, һû뵽ҵڻġ
ڶ, ЩҲûʲô˼ˡ
, ûаģҲһµɡ
ׯţƮƮ, Ȼһ԰ǧС
ʬڹſڱֵģʱֵϳ, û·ʬѹ
ȾԾ¿ʱʬѾ档
һȵѪ, ˾ȳ˸ңʬ屻ק, ԱϳηǱӵľ
ǵϵĻʵ۴ʱЩ㱣ôЩľϢˣ
׵ĳʵȴļžﳼĴλô
ɧ˲, ׼̫վر, ΪΪʼѪ֪࣬Ȼʽӳݰᡣ
ĳٷ׷Ͷ۹⣬ƥռᣬͷλʱ, ˵һ仰Ѷվġ
ʵû˵ͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬תһλΣ
վر£Ϊ̫Լǣһʾһ֧ӦΣ
ĵŮҪþӦ˼һ
ѦҲȣʵ۱Ҫ
Ϊıܿһϵ۷׷ף˶ԾΪͻȻڹſ±տڲ̸
³ʱݶȻ֮ӵһ㡣˼ȱȫӣֽ˻ʵ۵ͷ֮ޡ
֮ûôƣүִǼûģڻʼҳ˸ôĳţһʯǧˣͳ˰յķ̸ʡ
˭Ҫ˵Լ֪ϻᱻĵĲΧӾʼռ

طƫƧֶɽ·Ҳ١
ʩЪһЪɡһãŽֶĲʡ
áԵŮһ£
鷳ˮ
СѶʢ룬ϣλ
俴ĵӣ΢üͳһڵϲȥһµѼֲ֡
λʩǴطģƽºǽԭȶߣ˼Ǯ֮Ĺϵöˡ
ֽ󺺣ƴӦ̵ˣһҪ˼ˮ紾ӣ˶飬Сϲʱ뼸Ŀˡ
λ͹Ǵģ
Ҳˬ죬ڲˮ˵ǼǴӱģҩġ
ѽиݾǸеģ⼸պӻңλҪĻҿԸλָ·ӡ
ǸãǳէҲҪ·ˡĨµĺˮʣֵܸҪһȦ
С￴Ҳû˸ɴҲֵǰܾǱߣҪߡ
ǣǿɲ
С׷ʣôˣ
ԶٸϢƻûľˡ
ȥĲף˵ڹſڡ
Сﵹһѹʣǻʵ۲Ҫ𣿡
ѹɤ˵ʵۺλүϵɲˣڲ˶ڴǻʵɱľ
ٽʱС˺ܶ࣬Ǹӵֻ⡣
ָ΢ˮһЩˣҲԻȥ˰ɡЩ촽գգԵãȻȥЩ޲
Щ˵ÿջȥʱ䶼ǹ涨õģҲ߶ǰﲻŷ˹𣿡
ӳʪ·ŶùˣʵģҶ͵ȥ΢ͣһ£ҿͦϲǰǼҵľȻһ˰ɡ
һĸղŵĲǲ˼˵ô˼Ʒѡ
ᣬƽնҲܺá
µǮǿ۵ģʱ˵ȥҩץҩӲˡ
ɲСӹæСǼߡ˼Ͻϣϧǰû̸۾ǵϢ
ʱСһլԺÿˣе졣
±ֲû߽߳ӸĸоеϤһ
Ⱥ˿ʼ̸ҩĺ뿪ˣվڲſң䰲Ȼ߹󣬲˿
ȥˣҩͯ˵ûȥҩ
׼ȥģһζҩˣҾΧתһȦ
û±ߣһȺˣٸ컹ûץء㳤úÿСıˡ
˵лģһСĵġ
΢һǸˣȥһ۰ɡ
λȥˣЩضֻһѾߣѼ
ԵһγֲʱȥˡΪ⾲ޣǮһЩ˴ŵҪʱֶᾡ
ֻû뵽ȻôּǸӡ
ֽɽϣԱһƬɽ֣ȻľϺܶࡣǺŮһģ·иˣŮͻȥӣһɽϵš
·˸ʯϢԼ˴ȣƳʱְⷢʯյĲݴڶҲû簡
ɻǱ˵㣬ýŲݴԣһе̵ͨߡ
д󺧣˻ͷѾתɫоһһµġ
ӲûһʯͷͻȻڶ˲䱻ѹסʺѪʯͷ
û°ɡһŮ
һԷվڸߵأеϵĻҳӡ
û£Ҫлλȡ
û˵λĸ˵ɽ߳ܶ࣬һҪСĵ㣬ɽ·ǧ߲ݴӡ
ܻȥԱߵȥ˵ĸоĺϤҼסˣлλ
лǹǾˡ
ջشߣһأãλСġ
ɣȥǱ߿
ץסһ뷨һ£ӭɻ۹⣬ʣʶλǽʿ
ǾģΪǽˣĿУһ¡
Ц£ǵȷǽġ
˲룬ðˣҼǵþλλ񡣡ֱŪһá
һ£Щϲʣλ˿ǽ״ԪԵҲ
ǡ
ϲĶ˵ɣӦ硣
λ˵ļˣ
ţɩ˺Ǹˣ˵ʱȴס˵Ҫȥ߿˵ȥûʱˡ
ЩǸĳ˵ͷлġ
˵꣬Ӿˡ
ôˣɡ
˼ơ
ţɣǸСﰡ
ĸСҺİ˵Լǵˣ
лҪ˵Թϳˣû
ȥ֣Ҷ

 53 

Щ, ԰һҵɽʲô
Ǿ޵, Ӱο, û, ҲҶˡ
ϾʹϾˣҪһġ
վԭصûȺܾãŮͻ, С㣬߰ɡ
šջĿ⡣
һҪĶ, ˣ˸լԺתת
լԺ˻ûŽ, һȦûʲô˼, ˣ·ϤĲʱۡ
Ǽڲǻߵ, ˸İ·ŵùҵģ˶һ
С̸, 䲻ԾķŲ񲻾ȥ
Ϊ׵Ĵ󺺺ķӥ۷ĳ̹ƫͷ첽߹̡

ֻٺ, Խɢһ̰ࡣ]̫һˣ뷽跨ĸ
ĸ˼˵ȥϣϵʱסˣû
ߵʱ򣬽ָһľӵƱƴĸ
ЩˣΪתע˵ĸϲˡ̫ߵʱüۡ
ɲһȥˣܸˣЩľӣȷʣǾ˻᲻᲻̫ã
üʲô˼һǣס֣Ͱ͵ȳ̫бǲ뿪ǵġ
Ҳλ˭ȥΪ̫ġ
ѦҰˣҲǴԪΪûվӵĻʵʦ̫ǣ
ѦʤˣƾѦҵǵݹϵҲƽա
ο뿪˵㣬ţҪ뿪˻ֲˡ
Ҫˣ
]ҡͷȥ˽յ֣СָģҪǻ٣Ǿ¡
иڣЦʱƿҲҲûʲô־򡣡˭֪Ȼ˸Сӡ
㲻˵ǮãҸҲˡ
]һ㣿
û뵽羹Ȼ֪ܵĵͷǰ
۾һת׾ͣãе㵨Ǽᶨ֣۵ָ°ͣ㣬Ҳǲԣܵȳͷɡ
糯һЦͷ]ָܵϵʪʱһջָݲ᲻صĥָϵ⡣
ѹֶ˵ʮָģָϵĸоȫ񲻿ɿƵϡ
ɫ޺죬üĿŨīزʣ䲻٬ȴֱĶˣ]ܲסˡ
ָϢⰤ㣬ˣոձ۸
㣬ɴ಻ǱˣЦʣô
]ѶָսǣҲ
ɤʣǡͷ
뵽ղŵ̬]Ⱥ㣬Ƶ˵Ҳһ㡣
һ㰡ȵϢ𣿡
]Ͻ˵ôЦԺҪͷԺֱ˵
ỹãһֻ뵽ղŵĴСƳֶָѹЦ
е·]³ˣû취ʵ̫ˡֽǣ翴һǺ«ģͻȥ
]ڶ⿴Χ˰ˡ
Ϊʲô˵أΪڻ֪˳ʲôñԱ߾ͦĶ˼ۡ
˺£Ȼû͵סº󣬵һγšΪͨˣǼûˣ뿪ˣҪٲʳûܰԼ
һͰĶʧǵĻȥˡ
ݺ֣Ժ˸ˡ
ĥŶܺõʣүʲô
ӡ
ĺĬĬļķ֮һʣ͹ӣ
ûأֽʵжֻӡ
ɵģ̾ˣָָĸԼԼë¹
ȥɱԺõд¡ָ˫ĵԼʲô¡
սޣŶǰԺɱζţһҪԷ
٣ľʣ˵Ժõ㣬ͳ⣿
ľҳ棬Լͷʲô𣿡
ɱʯǰ£סˣӺͣ
ˣϲеɣѦ֪أ
ģƽʱҲûֵͲסˣʯȣϾȡ
ŶӣǾˣҹҲǺܺá
ֹˣ㻹ȥаӰɡ仰תȥ˳ӱӰе߷ߡ
ûҧŰƤȴԽԽͻȻ𣺡磬ҲԼ
żëһ̵ˮ㽽Լϣĥ˻𣺡֪ˣСӡ
ʬĹ˺ü죬ҲûģʵΪױ
ҲǽҪġ
Ѧ֪ȳȻɵ㡣
Ǻ«ݸһʲôأ
ûʲôɻʣʲôӲ汩¶ϲʳһԼġ
èһ
ͷʳһĻ뵽ǰ˵ã˳ʳǸλ˰ɡ
˵棬Ӳ䣬ˣԼͺ𡣡
Ǹճͷ𣿡ƤָǺ«ĸ𣿡
Ŷҵ죬Ϊˣһ«ȡ
]һǺ«үүǿЦ˵ᣬ𡣡
һŸèǺ«һǣųǺ«ķˡ
ͷûӣСӣ˦˦βͣɵˡ
ԾЦģȻġ
ҹϴ˺ܿ˯ˡ
ȵ˶˯ʱжˣûȥˣڶǽͷ
ֽŹ򲻺ò˵˵ģϺȣռŸߴŷ硣
¹ϡܿӰڽΧ
ķŵһĽǽûѦ֪ˣһʱ䲻Ѧ֪CһȦ£ӦҴܳġ
һУѦ֪ĲԶӵĿ
һ̾ǶൣһΣգǰæ˵Сټߣ
Ѧ֪ûȥģһ˵㵽ʲôôʱ䣬ȻԾ
ȳȥٸ㡣
һʱ󣬴ӽһԶ㿴ˣǽͷ
߰Ÿ
ҹɫŨҹ˸סһƽѣƽѺܾûùˣͷյġ
Ѧ֪תһȦһ̳ƶûҵת˵£˵ʲô˰ɡ
һǽţͬգŲ
ŭڱԵ̽..ﲻʲô֪ˣװʲôװ                        
лҪ˵磺
]:
Ǻ«үү:ϷⱲӴδ˺޳֮ˡ
Ҫĩֻܱ֤


 54 

, Ҳ֪Ỻأѽ¼򵥵˵һ顣
Ѧ֪յЦģ, ɳϵС, ˼úʣж
õֻжʮˡ
Ѧְ֪ǽǵĿ֦, ڵϱȻţԽԽľѦ֪ľȻǾǷԲĵͼ
Ѧ֪, Ŀ֦һȦʣʮ˶⣿
ͷ, 貹˵ֻǲж
Ѧָ̧֪ͷҶôҳ
˵Ҫʱ, һ·˼ˡĪĵն˵Ҳ, ô졣
磬½ܴ⾩ǡ
ԣѦ֪Ц, ľƽĻҳ١
һ·ؾǻ˶ʱ䡣ǲųҲܴ⡣
ЦҲ, ղµĿ֦Ѧ֪ĵͼϿĵ˸㡣Сôȷ˻ڱ
Ѧ֪Ǹ㣬ɫȻˣѹɤˣδһУ˰ӣ
Ϊ⣺Ϊһս׼˽ʮ, ôçײ¡
֪ʲô˼ûпڣѦ֪ˣɻ˵ôûôıȨλ
Ƴѵͷٰ˰˺ֻ˵ҲΪ˱𡣡
Ѧ֪ζڷԱתһȦҲû׷ʡ
طȫտ϶Ѳ顣
ͦظΪİһиأԳ
Ѧ֪һƣƿоأЦȻ˸
ǰʵԼõģ乬ǵżȻӵ̫ϢԾͰڸˣӵ
Ѧ֪˻ص·ϵ˵ƽʱ龢ʱ۽⿴͵͵֣һƴҡ
Ҿ
ʯصĺܣطֽһûذ·ϵ˶ܱѡ
һãܳæ˵͡
μִһһô죬һ˷İ취Ǽ˱סȫɡ
ͬĵͷ˵Ҳġ
Ѧ֪Ŀ۷˵⴦طҲñסˡ
˼ΣգӳȥС
طأҪǲߡ
ҪƳǡ
Ѧ֪Цǽ
ҲûͣǾܿˡ
ҪȻˡ
ʱиͱΧˣֱӱѹεȴ䣬ݿڸ޳ˡСȫǱϵʿԭǽϵﳼͨѦ֪ĸʾʵһʥּ׽ｫѦ塣ӱ޴ϢȴǱңʿ
λˡ
Ļ̻̣տ־ıܿɶӳֵʿֱӹţ޶ܵϷѣϲ飬ǹ߲ʳǣֳֻüĻ
µָңһ仰Դͷ㱻Ѳߵʿ̯ӡ
³ظɫҲá]ҲϢЩ
ĵʣʵô˵Ҿ˾ˣ
֣¯ţ𼱣ʵȻû
ؽˣ϶ҲҪ̡
ʵҲˣ˵ڵһѵİοţʵԼҲûסҪѦʲôʱܴˡ
]Լ侲Ҳ߲˰ɡ
Žϡ΢һ˲˵ҪҲߣ鷳Щ

Ʈ꣬ʹɽ·ŢҲ֪˱߽Ѧˡ
Ǵɽ´ҴҸϻȥԽԽòͣ˽Ųһͤꡣ
ɽ츮ūȥ;ﴫϢȻõһϢˣѦıҲ̫ɺˡ
̫ˣûͤһˣ㰡йһ֮ԵĸˣֻˣкҲ̫ãʸ˱ȳ
񣬼һ񣬡ϴδлˡ
˰˵Ī⣬֮͡
ʹˣҶ౻ҧҪġֿ˵Ƕλҵľˣܲ¡
˵ϹŵȡҪûǮҸ׸ģֵǮ
˱һɹޣ㣬̬ȼⶫҲҪҲֻǾ֮͡
һɽΣǸ˶æġĪζҪġ
Ҳû취ֻðһȥ˼Ъ˼˿
ûҪͣ˼ͤӾʧޣΧȫƮˡ˱ĽһЩĬһᣬȿʣɽϲҩģ
ǣҷϹأҹ˹͹ˣûҵ˻ϴꡣ
ǰȻȥˡ
ӦǴˡ˱ŴɹͻȻ𣬡ͣ¶ˣﳢɡ
ã˻ȥȾͺá
ﻹУ㣬˿ʪ˵㻹ȵȵȥȥȥһ׼ð
ǲӦĽӹ˵ݹ룬ͨļůȴˣֱů
˼ûһֱǿ꾰
䴹۽ޣͷŵ룬֪Ϊһ䣺ǵĸӦúܺðɡ
˱΢֧֧˵ţС
ȴǿˣԼʱûлۣҲӦöˡ
𣬸׵İţзɬôᶨأҪͽģҪȥά츮ٻ
ǲϲ𣿡
ûУֻǺܾû˺˵Щˡ
֣˵Щ
ЦЦδ˵ˣСڵ̫۾Щᡣ
ӺСһЩվ͸˵𣬡СˣȻȥˣڴ˸𡣡
ߣɽ·ЩĵʣԼҪɡ
ˣ·Ҳ߹Σµġ˵꣬ɡ˳ȥ
ɽиоۣȻվͤҲڿͷ֡
иˣЦһ˫۾ǣ˫۾Ϥ
ݲ࣬䣬òסֽɡӲĻعͷͬͬŵţ˫۾ռġ
קɡĶӡ
վԼǰ˼ʣôˣ
˵㻹ûҾ͹
ϴκһȥãһֱΪֻռԼıˣʱվЩΡ
ֿ˼ˣΪ⣺ֻӲҲ㿴רŸһ뽪
ÿԡˮҲյġãš
˵׼뿪ʱͣ£ʩǲҪ뿪ˣ
˵ͷüĿĹ˵ʩƽҡ
񣬡лֳ֡ɡʱ̲סʣһ²
ҪȺж֮ˣ޹أҡΣ
һΪΪԵͺϵĽ˭ܽ͵޹ض֣ʩá
л֣ܽˡ    

 55 

ݺЩò, ϾǸ˺]մߣ]ѹô, 㵽ƧҰĵط, ѲɻҪٰһѣ
Ҿ׿]һ, æܸʲôǴһͬҪǡ۵ô죿
Ϊ꣬ڵøһЩŮʱʣСҪ˯𣿡
俴ںҹɫ, 뵽ȺٲҲӦ϶֡ˣҲ, Ǹʱ
ķҵϵĲˮ£͸ˮ˳ʳ£һ, Ϊԭůθûеرܡ
ѽСô, ˮˣھȥŮֹһϵжǾʧ, ˵껰ܳȥˮ
סɫԥĿ˵ȥһˡ
ŮҶ, ųųĵͷ
Ϣĵطĺ棬û߶þ͵ֵǰʣ˯𣿡
ŵģţ㴫졣
ʩôʲô𣿡ּʹҲº͵ģ
佫˵, ɫ΢䣬ȻҲû뵽컯֮»ô󵨸ҸŮ
֣ǺܿٲƣȻѾ˵ˣ޲޲Ҿȥ١
ֵͷٵĽʩȥ٣ʶǼҵլӰɡ
ɵĵ˵ͷ
ǺãȥǼһˡɫ̫ãǲ̫ԸȥҲЩǿѣ˵Ⱥ˿϶ֲá
̾˿ûǿӲҪ󣬡ʩܷլԺλãҲȥš
Ĭú˵ˣҺһɡ˵ּֿ죬۾ȴûп֡
Ů˲ڣס䣬æСǱȥˣΣҪǳôͷ˽
ĿľǷС㣬Сʲô£һûкùӳԡ
û£ҡҾȥ
ֽ˵ٶȺܿ죬Ǻܿɽˣǰ·Լøš
ٴξ̣ʶĿȥֻһۣ߲·ˣ˸һ
ԱߵȻ֣ҲǱ߿ȥ˵ļ˲ʱ
ҲĻţûкǳɪɪǣǰ˼ֻһӣŵĵ¿ǲ̵ϰ塣
ӵͷȻŤǱ˸ºƴһġ
õˣ֣ɱɱˣǻҪȥ𣿡
ӲͷƤ˵ȥԸѾȥˣұģһûµġתͷ䣬ʩ߰ɣ
á
ƮҹԵøӵĿռţҰ׵ɫ˲ԤС

ｫûͣ£ֱһǡΪӳմİһռĳвûзңڵĴձĺܺãֻҪܻǲںϻλ˭
ѻʵ죬Իʵ˵ĵˣ֪ǴĴҥԣʼΪ°յЦ
ҥԳȻʱͿþ׼λ߱ɱ֣ʵ棬Ϊף첻ƽǽ֣Ҫ
ҥ˵ֶ£ø죬ʹʵ۶ˡʵ鷿һͨƢ󣬰ѼĵڴˣʹҥԱѹ£вûɱӺãøˡ
ǵϳҥ𣬻ʵｹȻֹһ¡
⼸Ѿ˲ȥǰߣסѦҾǰõһѦҾÿһطؽ͵Ϯ͵Ϯսܵսܡ
ÿʵ۶սεʱʵݺݵһơϸѦԴδսܹƽٶȼѸ١
ʵ۳׻񣬰ٶȲձṥ뾩ǡʹѾѱ͹ˣԶˮȲ˽𣬾ϱߵľӻûϹǾͱѦƳˡ
Ҳ·ѲѦ֪䣬Ҫ׽סѦ֪Ѧ岻˱ɾһӡ
ٿ׵ĳһ²ؼģвŭûʲô𣿡
ͷøͣʵֱӵ쳰˵
쳾Ⱦ⧲֪ΪξȳԱߵ翴ȥһͷվĳ൱ԡ
ǰɾʵƤӵ½ᵳӪ˽ԳֱӰ˶˳
֪磬쳾Ⱦȿڣر£΢õ֮ӦģӦ岻ʵԡֻ˵ͷͣµӻ
΢Ϊ쳴˵뷨ܺáϵ˵һ䣬ȴʵɫҪֻ˵ֹҥԣǰ߽ʿҲӦҪ
΢˼һ˲˵΢Ϊ¿ǰ߾ġԵ쳾Ⱦһϣͷʹɫ
˵˵ô򵥣񾩳ڶȣѲɻʵ۸ðΣǧȥǰߡ
ʵɫѿˣٳδ˵쳾Ⱦʾ֭ʲôתƻ⣬ʱӲŽһ̫࣬ʵ˵˼仰
ʱʵĴ飬ηֱĵ죬ʵŭվ̫æǰȴʵһ߿
ߵڵص̫ಢģֱӹȥϥйȥиʵ߸ˬ˼
һʱ֮䳯׷׹ʵڵǰöŭ𣺡ȥ飬˭ݵû𡣡
лҪ˵ûж
ڸһȥ˯ˣװ

 56 

Բ, ֪ʵۼһȴôûеĳŭգЦ˵߽, ޿ҲͲס˼ˡ
ҧгݵ˵֪ʧˡ
һ, ǰŽ, ξʧⲻ˵к;ڵѾнӴ
ô˵ˣ
ʵЦţ䲻һֱ˵о֮ģ
, ˵Ĺĵ죬¹ŵĹԱͷø, ʱֲ˺á
һ糯ڻʵŭ˦뿪Ļ
ǽѦ֪˳ӵĸʾû£ֶ˽еĻ
Ƚһ߿иĴź󣬲žۡȥ
һӽµĽѿǱ쾡, ֱӰѻʵ۸ˣҳһ, ʵ۳࣬µĻʺȥ
ֱ̫İǰȥչ˻ʵۣƽʱ, λоںﾹȻбס˺ĴС¡
ϸƷҲӦ֮Уλļ, Ҫƽһ˵Ϻλ
ǰϸչţȵĲϻԲѵ˲
̫̹˵ҩˡ
ÿλãȻûιҩ뷨, Ůæѯʣͷ۲ַˣ
ӲȣŮסɫźЩ˵ºҩҪȷ̱¡
̫ȻΪǷĲ±£
糯֮󣬻ʵ鷿ͻȻιȥڻʵ۶ûѹļ
̫ҽƻʵŭģ֮²ŻȥʵҲﶦʢʱôôʱ䡣
ż̫ҽҲ˿һЩƽľҩιʵۺȥ͵ѹ
ҩڶھ̫ҽԺҩȻǾ֮ҩȥʵ۾ް˼ȻҲڱ̫ҽָȥ
̫ҽ֣̿˲룬ϲԣüʣ̫ҽˣ
Ϊ̫ҽͨһ£ݺᣬС˥֮񡣡һ仰˵ö϶
üûԲѷ̫ҽ̫ҽȥ
ڹŵ̫ҽվһλֱȥϡ
Σ̫ҽҲһɻ󣬡µ̫ҽ˵
λ̫ҽȷſڣǾα£ȴ˵ֻģҩȬָ߱ȡȴ޷˺ӡǵ۸һЩ
ϵõڵĹŮ̫඼ˣǱʲôôʡе˼ӡ
ڵϵ̫ҽл֣̿ȴǿƣµȷʱղ֮ˣҪξΣ̫ҽ곤Ȼعҩͯȡǧ˲Ƭûʵۺŵ
̫ҽɫã˾ţû£Ϊỹû¡
ȥƫϢʱ̫ҽ͵ĸˡ
΢̽ʱֱµƺкʳɢ
ɫ΢䣬ζ´λ̫ҽ̫ҽȷ𣿡
΢ʱȷǱ½ЩһзһЩĸ̫ҽΪţæ֤Լ˵֪ܷоƢ꣬ŭ񾭳㱡
һŮ˸еӣֻ̾˿ԹԼĻϡ
̫ҽп಻ֹô˭֪ﲻûʵϲȻʵ۳µʱȻǵһվŴֵġ
λﲻֵϱﲻʻʵߵˣ֪΢˵Ƿʵ
ƣǿվ֪ˣȲҪš
˵Ļ̫м黹ôᵽ˵Щ
̫ҽɫĪ˻
﹬Ů̫ңԼƺ¡
üʣô£»ڵ˴󵨣
ĻɱС¡
ֱ֣ɫϣ¾֣ܵϻȥ
Ů̫ûػɫΪѵС˵ղûʱѾͻȥһˡ
֮ɲˣһԵĹŮ˵̫಻ҶﲻҲó֡
βó֣ɻԼﲻɡ˵һ̫๬ŮƺƵĳȥˡ
Ŵ򿪺󣬳ֵˣɵļСӵĿڶüǳ⣺ɣ
ԭûʱɻһצģͻȻЩ𣬵ֵСӸĪ
ٸҲǸûӵģжӶһʵô谮˵Ժǵϡ
뵽΢ֱˣϥ΢һ񣬡˵²ˣչ˱¡
ɫ䵭Ѿǰ٣ǽϸűɥɡ
Ȼ˼ҲٵĽˣҵĻʶɣҲı²飬˺þá˵ڣݺݵӤһ¡
ȻӤҲᣬе˵Ҳֻһۡ
ܲԼǰֶ£ʧԣ˵ɣȰȻȥ
붼ҪıʱлĻɤˡ
ҡտ˻ͷͱѾͷϡ
ǰʧ񣬡űؿ޵ò㱳ĺӣˣã븡Ǳ㣬µĵȱʱᡣ
ɻ񣬸Ǳ乬ؽȥ˭֪ʲôʱܳŴ𣺡ֲǻʺƾʲôܽҵҪ£
תĶһ٣ͷ꣬ƾʲôֻҪϥ´ͱλɣ̫Ǳ㣬ƾЩ͹ˡ
ȥĪ˱Ϣ
ǡ
ڹ»ӣҲǸɵģ˶ԼﰲֵĴţѵǰҪǺ»ʵ۲úֻǵĺã˻ӰȻҲȡ
ֻƽʱﾹȻǿơ
ֻϣʵط̳ȥ
лҪ˵ܵظľһͻȻֵܣɻ˵:Ǳźģôôˣ
ĵĻʵۣ˵һҪģԾͰ޶ˡ
ϡ

 57 

ŴŵϢ, ȺŵɴԼС·ˡ
ͽһǹţ鸮඼ˡ
аЧҵ˼, ӻûż·̫, ̫ȻǵһЩ˲λƲźɫмĴȻǶ粻Ѿá
һĳûп, ӵǲ̫ãŵܳ˵Ҳߡ
ڴľƾ˵Ϻãʵۻ, ǰߵĽʿֵסľӣϵࡣ
ߵĻȻá
ؼ̽׻Ҫ, ֪ĻΪ͢ɶʱ˸츾
Ǵɫã˵ǵ̫߷߲ƽı졣
˵, ǻ˳ĳˣھʱ]ͰѹصĴȫ䵱, װһӵƱϡ
ȻСûȱӻֽĴƱİľ𺳡
͵]һ̲סһ, ϤŰġ
ʲôأһµĻã类Ȥ
ֻ, ϳģǼӣ]᲻ü˾Ͱͻ̫ˡ
ŲƲ¶]С˵Ǯ
ͷһۣôࣿӻͦ󼸺ӿա
ڽмҲ
رȻҡͷ, ûС
ûмҲҵȻö㡣ԼİӣҿɲԼ
˳ţУ㡣 
˵]ͻȻһ£ֳ̣
ָͷ棬Ҳû̧ͷһ
أ˼֮ʣ]⣬Ҿȥ
ֵĶһ٣ʣΪʲô
]Ц˵㳤þͦ˹ĵĽ
Խ˵Խ𾢣Ҫȥ飬Ժѧ϶ࡣ
ԭȻƷ٣Ժ϶Ҫ㡣
ִŵҡͷҲȥûǮ׬
]Լ֣ƵĽǮ֮
㻹һӡ
һ죬]û˼ȥһӼǿ
ǵһγԶţ˷ܵ]ûһӼǣͰѴÿǺͳˣ뾩Ҳʮ·
翴·Σаʱ͵һˡ
]ľɫϣ˵ţǵȻˮ
ȻʱǵһСʱѾˣϾ¥ûˡ
СϺ衣
ϣ͹١
]оŴǽϹŵĲǩӣɫġ
ɫŲ³ôһ£ˣ
˭˵ԭ·ʱûо˷ݾͲͬˡ
]ͷԸ߰ɡ
ûôི]ĸһУĺ񲻹ֻһ
ΪֻǼ˾û϶¥ϲ˵ٶҲܿ죬һʱСˡ
ΧҲûˣ]ûȲȫӡ
ǼҳˣܳȻй֮ͣ¿ˡ
ϲ
]Сϲ˵ĵط滹иóԵġ
ЦĿŹģֽһȺˡ
Ⱥ˴粻̵ˡ
Ȼۡرһòڳɫ½λõʱ򣬲ԾĺǸĽ
ȻҷݵĴСҲǲòý
ҲǾˣ]ǵλĴۡ
ȺҲǷҪ˼ӣһֻһ»еСӦӡ
翴˺ܾöջһơ
ű֣ʣʲô
ԼҲָû죬Ժеû˵]ᡣ
ۡ
ĻصιԷøǼ
]в˵޷ģҪҿ㣬֪
û仰]ҲûϷ߰ԱһҲˡ
Сϲ˴˴ļž
ݵϲٶȹȻܿ죬Сһ˾ͰеĲ˶ˡ
Ǵǰһ򣬳ԷϾЩϣĺǺܿ¿ӣһȥǣһȥˮ
Էʱ]ܸоΣС߿ÿεȥʱСûˡ
극ȥʱСҲվվ
չסСүȥģ
СָָǰˣȥЩΪѣСûڵķˡ
Сü߻ȥѼ˶һ飬Ȼ׷ȥˡ
һ뿪˼СתͷգŴ۾͡
һʱǰסλˣһ̡
лҪ˵ֶûһ

 58 

һӺ, λƵָһղΪʲôҪӦ]Ӳʡ
͹һʱ, ȴͬˡ
л
һλСӳԶŴͦ, ֻΪʲôҪһ
û], ͳһ̺ӣ˯
˯ⲻϷ, ˯ưڵͦ졣
һ·ȥϵ·Ҳȫķƽ˾йգǼСӵĸ, оա
һɽʱ]ŵôʧɫսֻ˰ʱ, ǰһСӵĻѪĵŰɱһ]СĴӴ￴Ұʬｨ衣
ƳǷֱ, Ǹ׺ڶ࣬Ĺ粻⣬ǺǾ͸ˡ
ǸСӸ, ߵʱ]лͷװαµ͵͵ӵСû뵽ͷ, Щţûзӡ
]ͻȻ뵽ǰһŮӵĻûжͣߣתͷΪҡҡ֡
붬ֹһ, ҲǺܸ֮ܶɵӾЧǣһԲֵ֫岢϶˶
СӺɻʣʲô˼
۾˻ᣬȷ˵Ҳǡɡ
СȥʱѾַˣಽĸǰӡ
СջߣƵ˵ؼҡ
ϲЦտͺСһ벻ҪȥϣСүͻظ
ļƳǵĶߣΪط֮͸һǽͽжƳǡ
˶ƳǺ]ǱߵĴû£ͷһһȻʲô벻˼ҵۡⲻͰԵøûһ
ѧһ䣺Ӵ˽»绹ˣ
粻̲ƳһۣҵҲ룬Ҵ˼ף
]ЦЦ
ǳҪĿܴ࣬ҲǳġԵʱʱʲôرϲ·Ҳֱ˵ûС
漴ͷˣƯţûĵֻװףʣµȫԼġ
ƳǺͶƳǶٽķأߵİҲ֪пɽڱҾƼ£ƽʱûʲôİ̯
]صɽˮԶĻʵ۸߶ˡ
ǲ죬߶֡]Ļϲ˵š
һĺúͮͮģӻҪ⿴ס죬˵ͷȥ
ģջͷ]²ġ
ֺܿıѹȥϾ͵ˡ
˵ϻϣɵϽһӣһҾļҡ
]վŴԺǰزסӣǡң
ףǣס֡
ΪļӦǾլϾϾϿʹһСˣ˭үŻֻһ¨ӵСˣ
ǰûˣֳǿܻݣƻҪɨһ²סˡ
ǰʯʨ]ʣⲻػɣ
˼һ˲Ȼ϶Ļش𣺡Ϊ
ڵ]仰˼֪һʼͬĵط仰͡
ҺͦǮ]۸ǰңԵĸ̾
ûǮôƸ񡣡
ϵͭϾţүŵСͯǾϲСͯϲ۹˳յ䵽]ϡ
λС˰ɣūŸС밲
]ЦˣСͯϲϲǰ·ûС磺ΪʲôСˡ
вˣʱĳƺСˡ
һˣΪʲôǶˣҪһСˣ֪ж಻˼
ĪլͲСˡ
ʵһͨ]ϰԵȥ
ʱȵͷһŮ粻ôԶ]ܿŮͷϵױһǧۺ챦ʯǽǮζ
ȻЩҪģλεͷ£ԱߵĳüĿɫرһˡ
Ϊӳ뷨һ£ȻǱȻֳɩ
һϵеĶ£ַŵλþʮԡ
]ÿ֪ǿ鲼϶ѾһȦ塣
˸˴Լһɵľ룬ǰɩǵƺҲһ¡
ԣһΪε
죬㲻˵ֳʹɩû𣡣ֱᡣ
εͷҪˣ]ƾŶαװľ飬ջ֣ղûʲôһ
һźͮͮȥ
ǴɩȿڻΧ]ɣ־Ƚȥ˵кѾߣȥ²ó
ʱ]£ֳɩͰ]
ɩػʣһ·˰ɡ
ۡش֮󣬴ɩЦĿ]
֪ۡΪʲôܾһ˳ڱЦ
һ˲ÿһԼҾͺá
ɩЦŸϣҲ࣬ȱʲôͺ˵
]˼ĵͷӦˣɩһ˵ԭȵԺȻҲڴɨû˿϶ҽȥѶԺһ¡
]æƴǣ鷳סԭľͺá
ҲסҸղѾȥʰˡ
ɩûȥЦ˵㶯죬˲
ǴɩһһûٳǺ
ɩ˵˲ٷ飬ϵմʮֻԾ]ɲ١
֪Ǻ͵ܵܽʲôˣȻ]ƽʱû۸ðɡ
]뵽ղűײһĻЦҡͷûС
Һɩһִģƽв׵ĵطõ˵ʰ
ɩһ˵ʲôأֲСʱˣ֦
֦
]৵磬û뵽Ҳͯꡣ
ŲյпЦ
]ͷˣֲңҼʲô
ɩܻ˵ͰѻˣΪ۳Ͷǰˡ
ϯͻȻʣҼǵֳʱ˵Ҫݹ꣬ôǰˣ
ʱɩɫͱˣԱߵ]о
]йͷĶ˿ɫһֱĴɩֳ
Ծգˣ
յͷ׼ٻģӷ
û˰ɡ
ûУǶϹٸ˼ʱˡ
üʣôǣٸô˵ģ
̾˿ٸ˵ܵӷ
ܵӷòԾ
ɩӷ£ɫȻ̫ãʶһĹ𣿡
ǵʱ˶֡
⣬]ӼеĹͷµµĵ


 59 

ɩ˱߲ͷʣʶ
]˵ʶɡ
ǹȥݵ, ˶ûСɩĿ̾˿סְο
ٷ, ]Ūǰ, İæһʱöһ, Ȼˣ˰̾Ͳôˡ
Ů̿Ǵ£ұչ, ԸҲҪ˽ˡ
翴ɩϾ뷨Ȱ˵Ʋ, ñߡ
Ҳǣֻ϶ʱˡɩ뷨ͷ]˼, ת⣺ʱϾòһҲȥݷ̫ˡ
]Ϣ, ûᵽɩ⣬ֱ㶵˵ȥĻ˹Ƹ
粻źۼϥ, Χ˵̫ү׹ϵ, ̫Ǣ
»Ѱˡ
ղ˺˼˵һҲȲôʱ乻úεǸ
һȰ󣬷Ҳˡɩ˽ǴȥԺЪϢ
ȥԺһ·ϣѾǺǺ͵͵⾩Ĺˣ]Ҳ˶ģ, ܽݹ֮֡ͥʲôӣͷ΢ˡ
ֻһ׶ҪûϹĺԼڸġӤʡЧ϶á
ԺĲĺܺ⣬Ϊϴڰϱ񡣸¥һƬһСԺͷȻһСú͸¥ԣڸ¥жˬ
·Ѿɤһ·ܹλ˵ҪϢЦĳȥ
Ѿ̺˴죬һ·סĶǿջٺõϷǼ¯ů¾Ҫˣס˵ݽ˯
]ߺſװһŲӦպˮˡ]һʰһɢͷɫЦׯվš
Ʋͷȣյһǰۡ
ˮݹף]̾һ֪˰ɡס֣еԱߵѾߺɫĵݹһӣӹ]֡
Աůûֹܵջţһᣬϡ
ʾѾ߲Ҫİ˱ϣѾ߾ȵкȻİѽŲɾƿӰ˹ȥ
ȳȥɡ
Ѿ˳ȥŹϣһԺӾСùĴСˡ
ղŵѾӦƷϸߣСЦĴֽŽĥţ˺ˣСүͷ˶ϢƵĻһȦһ˵Сǳÿɺÿˡ
ԣСѾ¶м⻹ý˵Сһ·߹ǿɶСòˡ
ǣղź򣬾ûһģ
ģѾɻĿ֣һһĻ˷ܵǺ
СÿϷˣսʣô
Ѿ߼ҿһۣ˵ûеĿͷҺ˵ˣǧͱ˵......ССס
]޷˯ʱ￪ʼүС˲ŵĸְ汾
Դ·Ϣ򸮵۱ֳ˾˵飬һȺδ˵СѾͳһĶС˱ֳ޵ĽּһȺ̬ȲۣԭﴺȶСѾ߽һˮ
һһĴ̼£һȺûµ۶չ˼ҵۡܽ˵۵㣬һ۵ǱСѾӵүС˸غáڶ۵ǺϵľС˲ôӲţֱ͵¿ԡ
ڵڶ۵㼸еͬ󣬺Ȼֱ˺Ȼơ
һΪӲˣû뵽ͨѧˡɩ˲Ѿߵһ˵ȤŶһ䡣
ϱȢˣۣܲæŶˣ
ɩĥ֣Ѿ˵ĻȷҲǸദģ϶Ƿļϳ衣
һպīʱȻַ֣ͣôˣѵҶ㻹ˣ
ɩܲȻ˵ôܱ˵ˣѽңˡ
ʧЦá
ȥ׼ʲô
Ҳˣͬ˵ȥɡ
]͵ӣ׼ȷø˶֪Сĺܵó衣
յʱĨȥֳ˵뷨ôɩҲ˷һ⣬ȸˣĵȶ˵
û˵ҡͷˣÿ˶ǹֵģ˱һǲˡ
ܽҲ֮Уղûо˵Լʲô뷨
ôıԺյͷʾǿطǿԺ
ֳôʮ飬׼ȥ
Ժ
ֳбۣѧˣ
踺:\"ûС\"
ɩһۣתЦӯӯĶ˵ԺðûĸԺ״Ԫ
ǿرģ˵ʲôá
Ժ뷨ڵõȫһͬȴͣ¶]һڸƵʣ㲻ȥҽ𣿡
ſҩݣ˵
ٸ׼Ҳû찡
ѺҩݷãϼǺţ̵˵߻ڴ̣ڰˣսͣ˵Ҫٰ졣
]סˣСʣҪˣ˷ܣʷϸĳ۴˲٣ͨ뵽Լ߻ˡ
ܵ˷ܵ΢ۣ㻹ͦˣΪѦ֪ʤ
]Ϊʶ˻ʷǵ˶ˡ׼绹ûվĿ϶æˡ                        
лҪ˵
ȻҲ


 60 

ճתȾͿ¼, µ˵Ĳ]æת, ת̫ûü, ͱ˿ˡ
ã, ֪Ƕ㲻ȥˣ]ЦȻת°˵, Ǵɩղߵüûɩ
Цӯӯĵûң
]һ, ЦȻûҸղҩˡ
ɩ䴦¶һ, ӵָǴʣʲô
۵ɫջӡ]ŲסˣޱİǶﳶ, ޸˵Ŷԭﰡ
ɩﲻסЦ
]̨֣Ӳһ˵Ȥ򸮵ļѧԨԴ
Ȼû, ȥɩòֹЦ]⻰, ˵飬ִЦ
ΪʲôҪǰЦӣһ㶼úЦŹҰɡЧ]ɩᶨˡ
һ쵽æµĵطԶǳΪûİ, ϲӵģ걾żŷҩģʱ䶼ڸţ׼ȷ˵Ǹĳ
Ƕĳ·˿ͻʱ򣬴ϵ˸УǱ˰˸ʫᣬ˻
˳кܶഫųƣʵɵ⣬ҩֻϵ⣬˴ûҵʱ򶼻ͭ
ã㿴ӦüӶٺʣ
]ǽվţбޱȣ֪ɩǴϢΪԷʳⷽоҴҹر˷ܵץϲϲʳ
]ΪڿǷͻݣȻ⿼̫Ҳ֣]ǽʾ֭ļչʾԼӵ̬ȺְͬʾһԼԹ㷺Ҳкܶ߼İáȫıԼ˸ɩر⡣
Ȼɩİ˳̸ֲƷ
]ƽҲֻСʲôģˮҲͦ󣬼ű˺桢ڣȵҪ͵ʱͳ׼ģߣϼ
ûԵЩ㶼]֡ġ
ֻ]Ա߳ǻУϾǸŴｿ߳Ĺζûܵһ
ģ˼ֺ
ɩûʶǰ˵ĽӲһʣ㿴ǼӶ٣
ΡΡ̽ԼһףԱתһָһر϶Ĵ˵ԣһס
ɩ΢ƺڱЦ]òԾ飬͵͵ֵָſȭһָͷ
]ûüͷһֱ
ֵָżıȻ]ͷδѹȥһͷ˵Ķ΢΢
ȡ
]ϽջɩתӱͷɵĲһ󣬴ɩɤӲ˵ûȻȥɣҽ˸ˡ
ߵȻҪߣ]Ͻ˵ŸˣŶż
]ûʹɩͼ䣬ÿ˵ʲôʱ򣬴ɩƮƮĽӹٿ侩е䷶ڳϵоҲǳɩĽϻҲ]ȫ֪˵ʲôԵ
ͷ]ľı죬һˮϴʣ£
ӿᵽϣһ
ҲȥˡҾÿԳƯϻнΡ
ЦˡɩΪˣ
ûаİѽѾѹϣô˵أɩϲʣֶԲƷ˽⣬!
Ƶ˵ɩǴ˵ҶԳͦã
á
]ͷô˵ˣ
ָ΢£ͦˣе
⼸Ϊ֤Լڿд磬ȥҩҩ컹δˡ]һ⻰æӣ˾Ϳ˯
ɫˡ
ǰ鷿ɩ˵˾ϵĸ㲻һ飬һھûˡűôˡ
ȻһֱϸҪܵܵ粻ˣ׿ɹ㲻Ծͱã˾ͳꡣ
粻Ըһ㣬Ը̾˵ǲԣζҷġ
緭ۣɩó
緭ʵİۣЦŵͷھǵʱ;
ڴϵе³һۡ
ϷҪůһЩٽصʱ򣬳˽һѩ
]һѴ򿪣Ժһҹѩװع
Ѿߴߴ˵üûôѩˣЦ˲廰ѩÿµѩܿӰ
Ѿߵһ]úЦҲȤ䣬ճ͹һ磬ӷ硣
Ѿ߼æǰѵģشģȲҳһѡ
µ۳Ͷڿ壬]ûֿܵס⽭Сѩٵ¡
ⳡѩ϶ϵʮ죬谭]Ȭĵ·ҲסϾӵĽš                        
лҪ˵ߣĵĴ٣ԶСˣҾһҪȫĴ
Ϊϸͺ顣

 61 

õسǾڱ߽ĥĴ, ûԮ£һǳط顣
ϺĶ, ȱʳ, ˲еʿ, ؽһʬ壬ڳ¥ϸǴͷϽϽϿ
ޱȵӥ۴ʿ̹, ʶ뻤סؽؽֹ̧, ӭǵĿ⣬ؽηأʸԮʲôʱ򵽣
ɫѿ˵ļ˵Ԯ֮ܵ
գصաؽĵ
Ҳû취, ֻýԵظһ飺ϱ´ѩӹˡ
һȺûõĶ
ͷҳ, ǻʲôϢ𣿡
˵ϢȻǾٴϢ˽µ̽ӡ
ѹյС˵Ϣ˵ʵѾԲգܡ
ؽüͷһ, ͣʵ£ҪǻʵĲ, Щ˻ʲô
µľͻȻɧŵĴ󺰣ãǡ
û˵꣬ؽһӶȥҿü
谵ʱ, ľӴҡڵĽˣһһСλ
Ѧһ갡ʿһѽһѣؽʬǰǴ֮˺ѡӸȵĸ档
Ѧɫ˵ϺãЩɱģ
ؽԼû뵽ʵһ㣬ߵĻҲҲǣڰЦεû˽ӻ
ϵû˵ᣬӧؿڣѪӷǹڵ¡
ؽ˻ΣѪθŻ˻Σűһʬϡ
ɱԼ´ıΪѪǺڵءϵ˽ġ£û֧ŵֱӹ¡
ĸŹ£ϵĽűģᣬһˡ
ΪӭӿĽһ㣬ƮƮѩⳡѩһ¾ǰ£·⣬ݶϾĳǳرȿ˳š
ô£ѩôǲͣӡҴɩ˷İϣתֵһյ͵ơ
Ц㵫Ͳõôĵơ
͸ˣʵ̫ˡ˷ʲּһ飬㿴᱾ӾͻȥѩµҲ⣬˲ҿС˳ȥʩɡ
ţȥ
ɩһۣڻţܷĳȥ
Ǿöȥ
ɩᣬ̲סͷһùܼСȥ£㻹ǵ磬˵ǲǳĲܵܺù
յͷӣ˵ֻ
͹ƪһɩƲȥԼĺõá
սԺʵһҩζƿصᡲҩζ
ϣζҲ̫ŨˣԺﶼŵˡŨҩζֱǡ
ϵ]ɩֱ˵ǳĸװģһ˫ˮԲԲģ׽Ľš
ڵһС
ҩްɣư˶ݳʲôˡɩ]ϵ⡣
ץ׼״ҩޣš
ɩ΢šüʹѾߣѴ¶죬ܺҲط
Ѿȥ粻ǵġ
ԸѾߣɩͷ]˵⿪ǽҡ
֪ǲΪžˣоҩζࡣҲþͼ򵥶ˣɢҵİżֻ
ɩ˿ûʲô棬Լ巨ɾ䣬ڳޣ⻨幤ϸŮ൱
]˼ЦЦϺһƬУ˼ŮѧҲǿõó֡
ɩЦӯӯʣôãûԼꣿ
]ˣѻŮͷ¶˵ǲظˣ֪ɩûж⣬صʰɡ
ɩĹ˼ɣ˵߱ȲϾǱ߹ض࣬ŮάҲ˵л
Ҳǿ幤ͦãҪڼҲиȥ
]ӣ˼˵ҶԿⷽ治̫ᣬֻС⣬ǲС
ҵǶһ㣬ҪĻҿ԰ŵ㡣ָǼɩɫ档
]ŮѧܵĽѧϰŮΪ˸õչ˷ҲһֱֶΡֽײŮûҪԼ꣬ԼǮΪһƷȥһΪǼҾ㹻㣬ǴʱĻƣŮѧʦҲǣǮҪɷֻҪ˳ӷͿˡ
ҲһûԺʲôάƣɽգֻڱ֧һ¾Ϳˡ
ɩһඥ
ΪʲôͲԼǮأϼȻŮݣҲҪһҵ
ܻ棬]ץסɩ֣룡
ɩͻȻĶһ鼤Ц˵ȰѲá
û£㲡ʲôҿڼ￴ӡѪӿͷڸоͷҲۣҲˡ
ɩƽ⣬ҲûЦ]˵һһӣҲȣڽҲȥӣҪ뷨Ļø
]ӯɩõһǮһƽ֣Ҳһȥ
ɩЦû֦Ҳ
ҹ䣬ҩ]ڵŵƿ
гԵģԼáսţͼ]ͷҲ̧˵
ƽղ̬ͬȣͷһ֪ʲô˰ɡ
߽õǳĽеͼ
㿴ֽһţһŵա
ŵĶ˳ģŪˡ]õæƵĻţҲҪǮˡ
Ȥʣ뿪⣿
]²ĵͷĵͼݳȥҿĿطˮá
Ҫʲô⡣
Ʒ
°ͣ״˼ΣָһҾط
]۲죬ڽֵмĵط߶Ƿݣ˵رڵλá
Ϊʲôطˮãһ̧۾طͦϤ˳ŽֵȥȻԱһתһҾ򸮡
Ҳ˵ֱҳɹ·ϵİʯ
]ЦӾȥ˯Ҫоһᡣ
ٿɣӭ]ݺݵ۹⣬ĬĬǾֲȥ
Ҳ˾У]ⳡ˰µķ纮ںˡ
Ϧǰҹ]žλãȥλãҹİӡ
˯бѣ]ţǡ
ѺϣҪˣٳ
ϼаԺѾվ˲ѾߣšĴ˸ӳݸԥСʣˣ⡭
һڲź򣬸øʲôĽ
]΢˵ҹ䣬㻹ǽȥɣȥԺ
ѶˣһȥڽȥҲ˯ˡ
ſںһֻôһȥ
ɩԺҲǵŵƣİƻţصİźһֱһļƤ

 62 

Ĭȥ, һʱ
ǻʵ˵˼԰ɡ
ʱɩ]ӦǼݱ˵̾һ, ˵ϧǰðѩȥĺ
]ͬĵͷǽʽ
ֵܱϴԵһֻʵ治ʱ뷨
ֺһˮ, ]ڴ˸Ƿ
ɩ, ô᷿ŵ˯ɡ
]ҡͷܾĺ⣬Ҹ, ɩôҲˣҹﺮҪϢ
ɩաġɩֵܼɨӣʲô𣿡
粻, СֻøɰͰ͵Ŀڣʵۼݱ𣿡
]ĬĬ嵶һ鲼£ʵۼݱй𣿡
, ȥ˯ɡ
ʵۼݱ̫ͻȻȻһֱСϢʵ۲, һֱΪⲻҥˡʱ򣬾һˡ
Ҳ˯ȥˣҹԱ顣
Ҳһ̽, ȻſվһдԶһλɤŵĹԱǴ¡
ǾȻ٣
, ֮˸ɱۣĪҪΪǡڹǰĽһһ۵˵
ЦһŮӾҸǰ˵ƷҵҪҲҶһָͷ
һۣȻĿ𴦡
Ա˲䱻һۼŭ, ҲȥÿһȺūŻҵűű٣
ȻһҷĹԱȴΪ徢̫͵˼ŹԱļҶæҵĳȥԼҴˡ
һԵĽɻĿǰҳһŵǡ
⴦ִˣҲ˲ˡ
ӴⲻӴԶͣһȴӷһθ
ӷƤЦⲻЦСҲҪ
ԶжȮڷͽУ쳾ȾһЦ˵ӴҲ֪ùġ
οʱȻ˱°Ϣ
Ӵôɫ̫ãǷ蹷˰ɡ쳾ȾںЦľڿЦһ
ӷϵһ𣬡쳾ȾȰ㷲һߣԺڵġγƿڴ쳾Ⱦүӻǵġ
쳾ȾЦЦžûϣڿɷ빬⻰ʽ
شˣ빬
Ӵһ¼ݱҵȳΪβܽ󹬸ܵÿشǽʵķĴ󵶡
쳾ȾЦˣӴóѿ
붯öĶҲҪûǸ
ĺδӷɵĶͷðͻȻ֮ӷһֿӶѸɾĺ⡣
˵䣬ſͣ˼λ֮ˣӷɿ˺󣬰ȫбһִˡ
ˡ
ͬӷɰĵģΪ׵ߺܵ˵˵ͷ
¼ݱϢһʱôżİҵ˼ֵˡ
̫ǿʱģϰʹλ
ʱӷͬʤĹһ˿Ľǰͷ׵Ľȥߵһ
һƬ¹Ƿģ˶ᡣ
ȹ˺һ󣬴ӲһŮӣ̬ߵĹŮţɫҰдᣬһ˵ģ
ڵеȵòͷĹԱһĻ˲
΢ʱǡ
ĳվᣬ϶˵ģȻ졣
˶ɫ죬ʵûãλصɨλ֮ˡǰдűģ¾֪ޡ
뷨΢һһȥ˹Ȼ˹ȥߵĹŮ˷ס̧˽ͻعЪϢȥˡ
ҹĹŮһһ˻ʵʬδֵòɿ
ӷΧλүһһһ޾ӵΪ»ʡ
ȲǷ漰Լ棬ٹԱС˵Ƶģɴ˾վԣӦƽѣ¾
쳾ȾۿȺŹ֮ڵĭɣҪǳʱүӽҪ£ڻӷҧ
콥ʱϨ
ûظּܲȴ˿
λˣ泼Ѧǣ뾩ǻʮ
˯һϵ٣¾мϡǣվӵĴһ񣬡󹬲ø˴±ҲλԱΪҴЧ˵󣬱ʩʩȻ뿪ˡ
ĴҲ
Ҳȥ˯
ԹĳˣôûţӷǴɤŰȰȰһλ㣬رǽʱӷɾһԲһƬۡ
Ⱥĳһһ䣬ֻпͶһ·
ӷɽĻһȦȻ˵ڳ˭ϣӷɣֶӣܵǻӷɾһɳ졣
ҪǴˣǻʲôΣ
޺޵õϲģҰӼ޸㣬˸СӣھȻװ˲ͷ
쳾ȾöҪЦˣȻӷɻܲ˷εջ󣬡λڳְͷģҴѣҵȾӲ
ӷɶһ£˿׼Ľȥ˺滹и쳾Ⱦ
Ӵ⻰˼ȥǰ쳾Ⱦ˵⻰ʱɫʮ棬Ȼ׳־ǲﱸΪбӴ˹˧һɢ
ЦԶȱǰӴӢҵҲġ
ô˵Ӣţ˴֮ң
ӷû뵽ôյԼˣΪε£ʹʹãĶоս֮¡
û»ӡ
Ϲ˵ʲô˼Ӵ֡
ʱЦǾԲеģһµȭִ
򸮼ҶһѸʰһͨزõϲ
ҿҪˡΨһԱ]һʱȥҴɩ
ɩںӦ˾䣺ɲˣһǾˡ
᲻ᡱ
û]˵꣬ɩնĸ˴𰸣ᡣ
]һִϣűĵҰ
˵ѩͣҲûɱϡ
ŵԱߵӣתͷʣҪһΪ
˭֪ôģҹ治ٴ
ŮǴɣɩ⣬]Ҳͷſ׷ʡ
ɩӲ죺Ϊʲô˭ʵһžУүֲ
ű]ѹڸ첲µ˱ӣð
δն]˫¶Ĵ۾ţ
ĵĴɩҽ֮ɡ
о˰ɣҼѧˡ
ɩЦˣѧ
ñܹһֵ]ĵ˵ͷ
Ǵɩ˱ͽһЩɡ
ȥӵˣŵʱ򣬴ɩЦӯӯģã
]ûӦС˵ȥҩɡ                        
лҪ˵һܻڸ
ɶΪҿԺܿᣬȻһߣ٣ҵθզԽдԽ࣬Ҫˡ
ȻǿЦҺϲƪģرϲɱǻమ

һȾ˵Ѫ

˻ضԺ˼, ٳʱƮѩ
ѩ²ͣˡ
һƳ, ̫ãûӣ
, ˡ
ҹǳϦ, ȥԺԲԷ]鷳ͰڶԺһԶٷ
û, Ҳ쵽ˣڻȥҲˡ
ְŵĺ££, ˵ţ
һ·]̾˿, Ϧÿ治
СԹʵ粻£ǴŹʱ򡣡
綼ĨڱˣѦҪǶ, ռ˾ǣĻô¡
]ûᵽġࡱֻ˵˵Ҳˡ
ɽϻһѩ, װ˰׳һ]ó, ĹҵģϣߵûͦͻȻȻͬѦһһ
Ȼʱ϶ˣˮһա
վ˵ۣİõֻ, ֿ߼ܿ쵽Ժ
ʵ۸ߣϦҲҴ졣ĲˣͦİɣŰøֵġɩæĻտһۡ
Ȧûգأ
ճȥûɡ·ʪˣں滻·
ѾֽİѲȫˣҲûݣһԲĸˡ
]Ⱦƣɩ˱ƣ˼˼С
]ζͶ˵㣬緢ʱѾգ۾ϵĿ
ˣ
]ת磬֪ǺȾϵǱ̼ȵģϺͮͮһƬ
ɩ꣬ˣ
ţҰͻȥ
·ϻѩ䣬ҪЪɡ
ûش]ͻȻЦ绳Ц˵㿴һͷ
λػԣֻתԴɩ˵Ȱȥ᷿
ȥɡ
§ߣһϵĿ]ͺߺĲԸˡ
ſҡ
ԣǻȥ˯
Ϥ]ͷΪɻʣ˯Ϊʲôţ
ϵ̿
Ц˵Űôš
ܿЦˣƭˣ绹ſء۵ָλεָϵĿ
ո̿ƿڴЦ
ֻЦŵһ
ͼһ˽Ǹ磬ǵˡ
Ǿ硣
ǸǣҲǡ
ҡͷԵ˵Ҳ˵ſңҪȥ硣
Σ˶ҪϣջһԳ⣬߰ɡ
ûῴֵĴ磬һһİ]ְ
ƽƷ]־ͦӲظĻ˻Σ]һ̧۾ͿĿ죬֭ˮʮ¶˵
]ʧ룺ͷҪˣ

ĳϦ겻ͬоĲûͣ½Ųںҹѵִﾩǡ
ǽϵʿԶӿһƬľӣͷ۲ֱˡ
ӱ֮ǰһ֧ȵرӦ¡
Ӱ߳һչ
ȥһͬسǵĳຩʿסˣֱǼָ㡭
˵ҾͲɱ㡣ںԼ¶ݣ㲻Ҳߴ㲻ӵģ԰ɣ
ʿߣ˵ͷ
Цһ£³ǽʿƵģæ˳ǽȥ·ͷľӣǵľɷѦ֡
֪ͽ
ã洫Ŵʱ֨ѽ⽥ڳȼıڶ
ﾲĵģ򵥴İһѾߴӺĳȥ
δ˵һ䣬ץŰû˵ܣҳһ࣬Ҵڣˮǵ˲
û뵽ͱ˽סϤ۾֪˭
Ҹʲô
׷һ£ĳǽ˵Ϊޣʱôͬһ𣿡
氲Ҵ󳳴ְҧݺݵ˵ûͷԷɣһٸңҪԲ˶ߡ
ԶĵƻԽԽ˲Ϻ߸ŵˣҴҵ뿪
·һֱ϶а취һ
˴ҹ˽چ£㿴ȥģ
ҿȥ˳ǽһʯϣԺףûۣﻹ˵֪ǲҳǣܹǷޣվңһõġ
Ҷ˵û취ǣڵܰͽͿȥȥˡ
Ƣˡ
˸ۣʵڲ˴һ˳ǽվأǰߡ
˦Զĸš
񶾵Ҫһ˸öá
̫㱼Ƥ
һ棬ˣ󿴡
һȾ˵Ѫֽ°ʹѪ۲ڻɭĹ⡣


 64 

, Ѫ˳ŵʯϣ, ôɱˡ
֮һʬ, νĻش𣺡Ѿ
ðָקø, ܣҲɱ㡣ȫûз˼ֻٲ䣺ȹһ, Ҿ㼸¡
Ϊɱ׵úܣ붪Ϊҵ, һɵİ˵ʰɡ
ʵ
ʵ, ⣬ǡ
ﻹа𣿻˵ǻʲô𣿡
һ, ֪ûУС
˵ͷҲ֪ûȥָϵʬ塣
ʹƹ谵, ҲܿĽѾѪʪ
ȻΪʲô⣬ʵش𣺡ԡ
㵥ü, ⶯մ˵ѪĿԳаס
ĳʵҲ湫ӣȻʱע⵽ССڱţѡܱ
ĻԽԽָܼʲôʱߵġ뵽ⰲɵЩļ㻹ʲô⣿
ûˡ
ת, ȴֱסͷߣ׼Ҫˡ
Ų£е˵ңȥûдӦµĽŲ
һΣûŲ΢ġ˵һӱţȥ±˷Ҳҿ
תԭ·أԭվŵѾˣϻʬ壬ûһֱۣʬϿȥ
ĿȷĴһΪȷԼ˺·
ǲųǡ
ٴζһŵƻһ񻧡
źܿ򿪣һ˫һѽקȥôôûˣ˵ȼ͵ƣס
㣬ʱ·нӡˡ
֣ͣһ飺ûһѾߣԼܹ˵ģ
ĨڸԼ˱ˮڣȺ˵㣬ֻĸо˵ģ·ϳ£ѾԼˡ
У˭˵˵οڵʵǸ
ҲСˣȻŮҲû˵⣬أڹ
ŮϡƺЦ£ˡ
ҵȰ¶ˣ
ûУǱһġ
Ůû뵽ȤʣѦҲǲɱͶ𣿡

ŮȷոЦˣȸԾôܣǱһġ
ˣѦҲǷŻ˵ɱͶߺ޹գŮӳ°ͣɱ˲ʶİɡ
ʶҺ˵Ǹ˵ġ
ŶôѾ
ںİڰ֣ÿ춼жٻȥˣطԺ󲻻ˡ
ѾԱһ·Ҳ˲٣Ҳбÿλξʿʮӣǰ㵱ˡ
ŮҲûʣǿϧĸ̾һ¶ƫĶӦԶֽˣֱȾҪ
ɱҵ֡
֣˲ӡ
̧ʣʲô˼
ŮӴյС˵֪ʵô𣿡
ͻʵ۲һĸȻ˵϶׺񡣶ΪҲð͸ġ֪ʵϢǸоȡ
󹬵Ů˸µĶҩҸġ
뵽ǸִֵŮˣŮӺܻĵͷüôߵģ
ǰ깬ʶģҾ¶ǴΡ
Ƕʱ䰲ӡѸ֪͹͵顣
ɲǸ򵥵ˣҷҩֻҸһΣȻֱͨŷ˸ʵ۶ٶ¡
أڹ
Цţҵ˭ܵ˭ܸɳ¿϶أҪûҲá
ˣϴƣٹ̵˳ˮδһһ³ĿϽ·ӻСҲǵ߹ϵͶϾġ
֮ⳡĳδѪɺӵľƺ˶ⳡ־ľѡ
]ʱȻˡ
ˣϵ
]ͷɤӻƵ˻ƣҪˮ
һˮӦݹͣ£ڴϳ֣
ʣߡ
Ȼ˸ŻɾѽˮɤÿһѪܣ۵СȺ廹ζװ۵˶ϲĿ
ʾʲôˣʲôʣʲô
ͷ𣿡
ˣ˵֡
Цһ֡
]ŷԼķ䣬ⲻǶԺ
ˣ·ߣ˯ġѾ·ݸ]ˣȥš
]ʮ㡰ϡ
ǰ˿ɩڵ˼ĳЦЦ
˰ɣϾͶˡ
ͷͦɬģá
˶ûҹƵ飬]ɲ٣÷伸ֻЩС̸˼䡣
׼]ȥɩסˣһӾĸٴŵûȥ⻹иӡ
]ϲԱӣЦԱţҲ廰
ҿǲܡ
ɩʾ£ۼҾ̫ˣҪиСڿ϶ֵġ
ͻȻյԼˣ]Ͻ⣬Ҫǳȥݸ꣬ڿ϶ֵĺܡ
£һѾǰͨˣ˰ݷá

]ֹһ䡰ţ˹ꡣ
ɩ˵⼸һֱںǳа֣Ǳƽ˼ߵýһЩ
ү˹̸ëһСˡ
ͬү˾ȥ鷿⣬˺͹ǰˡ
Ѵ˰ƣԽ־ˡ
ûĸĸϲ˿Լĺӣ⻰Ц˻ﻹǫ˵δ㶼˵Ҳ鵽]ʱסˡ
ɩ˳񿴹ȥЦӯӯͣҵãմӾǻġ
Ŷǻʡǰͻλ˵Ļ˳һֱܿ
ɩЦݲ䣬ǰ˸ɺˣһҪҸһ£ְȥˣȻ˽ɾͼˣ˸ջ˵Ҫء
Цţ˳Ļ䣬ǺĹ
]ˡ
סɩʹãùټС񡣡
ѻ˵ģ]ӺõĺܣҲܶһЩ
⻰ˡ
ɩЦ£ҲûĻ
]ΪԹ߿ǹﺬ
ϣһջһöԤСС

 65 

СкĴ۾ֱ㶵Ķ硣ܿ, ΢ЦĿ]
]ؿһ˵ע⡣üŶͷ, Ľţɾ, ͷۡ
رϵ, ]֣еĸͷ󻹲ȥ
ɩЦĲ䣺, ҿ˶˼ᡣɫȻЦ
ŵ۾Ͼͽ, ´һֹĿ硣
ѾߺܿĿкĵݸ], ٴ𣬡ѽ, ̰
ᵽ⣬˳˵ιɡ
ɩȥˣҪͻԼԺ, ڿǰ֪ߡ
˺ͺЦЦ, ˲ͺ۽ǡ
ƲԸĶ̣һں󣬲Ŀίץ½ǻ˻ΣεεĿڣ, ôҲû
Ҳԣͷ䵭ķԸλһ롣
Ҫʱ򲻶ԣ]׼Цˣʲôλı
ûãձүˣǵ𣬡´ٴŴ氡
ãǾȡ
ȫĬͻȻ˵ˣ򡭡
]֣һģĽеɾĿۡ
һִ䣬ᱧ𣬡ɩط
ɩƳҧ˵˵ȥ
ȳǰ]ĸ첲
ˣϷҪȫס
]ʹֲ·簮ȥ
ֻصҹ᷿]ߺϴŵЬӡ
ڴȣƵĽˣ
Ǹôʶģ
˼˻ᣬ̫ȷ˵Ǹպһаֵʱ򡣡
ʲôʱаģ
ʮʱ򡣡
]ЦӴ÷
һҲ˼Ρ
]æ䣬ȻҲ
]˻ᣬжΪСеĵ˼Ա޹绹ɫηŹ㡣
û뵽СоȻ
ͷ컻ºһնԻʵۼݱ˼£Ϊ³滻ռҼֹ˵̷ˡ
ϲ]ȥתתɴɩҪҪ
ɩϤ]˲ٵ̣·һľߵģɩ]ԵȻᣬȥ̡
]ĳܱ߶࿴˻ᣬ·ȺƳһĨɫ½ǣ괩µʵٵĺܣͿһ
ԶԶĹΣλСر
ûɴԱߵС·ߡɩڵ￴̣]»͵͵ĸȥ
·ߵ˲٣Ա߻˰̯ӡ]Ҳڹơ
ָͼͣˣ]ΪǱˣæܽ
ۣ͵͵档
]ͣ½ŲװӰ͵˵
磬þò
ǣ˭õģҪǸҽã%#
ͻȻЩãһͬ룬˵С£
]ⷴӦ⣬ΪСǱģҲСеı飬Ǻۿ
磬裿Сʱһ𣬻Ȣ˹ټСͿ˪˪ˣú˵ŻСоȻ˹ȥˡ
Ͳˣ
ӵĴҲ̲ˣ˵Сܲ㣬ӶͺƤˡ
]Ķһ䣬ţ⡣ڵСС
ðģ]˵ʹСУףû
ɫˣȻǲ]ƿǣ֡
Сû뵽ҲڸһʱЩ]ʣ£СвҰɿ̧ۿ磬Ȼתˡ
ô⣿
Ҳ⣬Ǽ棿Цһӡ
վţҸһ
һӲװ㹤Ŵ򸮡Ҳ˹ڹټСĵһʴţСǲһ˼۳
ô࣬Եꣿɩһզʡ
Ե꣬ÿ˷һͲࡣ]ޱİһ㳢ͦġ
ɩһѪƢˣ
]Ƥһ٣Ƶ˵ûС
ҹҲᣬˡɩһŻͦȥõڶ
]⻰ҲûĹºʣϴǸϵô
ôÿΡɩԼû]ÿ죬]ƤԼֲԣɩİô]˳ԡ
ҪΰҴˣҶҪλˡ
Ϊֶɩرİ밡˭ܶһһεĹﶯģҪϲˣʾ̰ͼɫ
]棬Ҳɿ졣
㿴ȻСʱеƤȥˡ
ҸҴ֤ǹû˼
]ӣαϣ֪Ǹ񱧵ˡ
ɩüϴ·ûȥԡֻҪϴÿͻҪ
]ش𣺡ϴء
ϴ˾û£ſģӰɡ
ˣмҲˣҽ㿴ľ˻ͼֽȿ
]ʣ̵Ǽң
ɩͷȻ󿴼󻺲磬ˣȻȥˡ
]̲һۣ˵˵ĺáôϵģ
֪ҾȥǼҿҩġ
ҩõ㣿
ίĽͣǴ紫ȥģҲû
صĺһץסע⣺û
նûС
]ĿڵǹɢһӶ԰ɡ
Ϊ˷ųԼѾƽµźţ]רиľװͼֽҲҿ
ȻȻܣЦһ𣬡ϴˡ
]ֵ֪
ʵŵһζˡ
ûϴɾ
Ǵϳġ
ס죡
ᣬպӳԸպá
]һվȥҿǷѵ
ֳһţŵѾ֪Ȥİźˡ
ѾСֹ⻹ûءԱߵѾ΢һۡ
]Ϊͼô죬Ҳõȵ죬ڷŬĹ
ڶͼֽ
]һһţҾӱ
翴ҡͷ˵УʽĹ׻һò
ţοյĵطȷеˡ
ô
ҡͷУʽľҪõġ
]ں˵Ǿõ¡
Ҫʲôʱܻر
]ǲǲ׬Ǯ
ۼ²ϸĿڣȻǣҵ˼֡šʵϸͦá
ǰɣԺ˵ע㡣
лҪ˵:еòã뷨󵨵˵
]΢Ц
:˵ʲôҿ
:

 66 

Ӵ, ͼֽء̫ˣԺӵѾæŰһµĶ, ȥ
]ӳ, ʹŶܵɩԺ
ͼֽ, Ƕ壬С
ɩӹۣ˵ͬһĵǡ
û, ҲǮ
ɩ̽һ£Ǿͼһֺǣ
ţһֺ¡
ɩһûᶾģ, 졣Ҫġ
»ʸߵ÷ɿ죬ھǻûʱ, ̷ѾĮ˸ء
Ϊµ꿪ҵ]ר, ա
⼸ϵɲȱ, ƽûľͦࡣˣҪдǲóԿ
ûһ, ͿʼﲻĶ
ƺƴȻ˲ٺ֮ˡ
һ͵£ǸļҶȥ򼸽ⶼõûȥ
⼸գ︮Χ˲ˣеԼ, еſֵİա
һԭСҪϢֶߣҲ
ȵտ֮ʱԪڣֵĺܣһ˲͡
Ǹʲôģ
ã¿ġ
治дǼ̡
ȥ
ߡ
]ڶС¥ϿĻŭţûһϵϲ⽥ĵˡ
ΪЩȥ˳ʱû
ѹֿһᣬͿű֡
µİţҪԾ¥֡
Ϊѣˣⶼʱˣһûȥ
]Լڶ濴ţܲ
Ѫϻάֵ˵ɣû£⻹ء
Լڵתת˳ۣ۸Ҳ󰡣ôûҪ
һλˣⱦͷϵ⣬]Ｄˣһͻ
ȴֲĵЦǰˣҪЩʲôȫĺܡ
ƤƣĸԼӣҪЩرġ
һתҶˣһȥá
᲻ɼĵͷ
ﻶϲϲȥ˺棬ֻŮˡ
ȻȻĿ]´һͨӲǷƷ޻ĵף϶ǽĽѥ
νһŤһͷ¡
һһʱ䣬ûûĴȻЩˣŴ˺üۡ
]ɵߵѼӷˣαװͬĿ˺ʹ̸
ɰͰ͵ģҿڵļ
ŲмһָۣӡƽϪ϶ǡ
]ûȥϪ֣Ҳ֪ԼֻɫڽҪͼǸʾ
㲻ʽͦټ𣿡
ԼͦټǱķ񡣡
ʾ˵԰ͼһʡ
û⻰ϸϸϣҵⲼϱ廨öˡ
ƾõ]ŵƷˣСûˡ
һ]˵ˣʱﱧŶˣҪ뿪ĵˡ
ֵüۣ˷ﱧ鷳İ֣ҲҪЩ廨ʽУҿҲϲгɲûóɲ
￴Żû߳ſڵĶңֿڲĴ飬оεĶҪȥˣˣⲻƥġ
˻ϵӣ¶֪̼·ı飬ҳ߼ۣóɡ
Цǣ治ƥ
ſ]ľɡ
鰲ˣſڵʣǸǶң
ɫͷ־ˡ
Ҫɲ𣿡
ҪɣǸʵ廨ͦ£Ĳһ
ͼǷҪһЩ𣿡
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Ķ֪´Լڡ
û磬С˾˵С˻ˣһ䣬С˿ź񲻴ˡ
֣ͻԺӡ
ڴϲŰҵˣ
ӱﴫƵܡ
ұˣöˣǲĲÿԸ߼򲼶Ҫ廨ġ
̰糢ԵһΰοҿòͦõģӦǷһ
ûϲҵƷ
һΰοʧܡ
ڶΣǲΪ̫ţǹ̫ǿ
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ҾˣҲȥԼƷˣҪĶû˵Ż´
ˣ
Ҫ˵Ʒܲң
ҾǸͼһֺǵˣҪ˵ģ
лҪ˵ǿһ

 67 

ٶգ
Ц, ھǿɴʮˡ
ҾͲˣֻǿǲǸһλ
¶ûô, ȥ, Ҳھǰۡ
ܱ֤ؾ
Ȼ
ǿ㡣
Ԫĵ, ˱ϣŮѿؽϡ
·Ͼһʱʱ
, 㣡
۵㽾ĳߵ˦˦β
۽Ƭû㣬ĸÿʶһͷ, תˡߵİѽϵЬŪǧİ׺̺
ϳʱԱߵĳྡ
Ҫꣿ
ϥϷ, ķţͷҲ̧, ǰŴŵģֻ¶һ
һ·Ʋ, ѰһͷĥȺˣ, ѾѧϢʱȷů
ߵĻɣ˲ó꣬ǻ䶼֪ô졣ǰ, Ȼʵһһ쵰ƽĶ֮ҲûøС
ʮǴڣӦҲûꡣ
ƵĴӣҲ񡣡
ѰϣһģҾǸʱѦּս
ң
ôң˵ˣ㻹Ͼȥ
ˣǻҪȥݣ
һ׼ŰɣҲ
㻹ȱ𣿡
ȱ
㸸ȱŮ𣿡
ȱ
С죬ȱô˽ݡ
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ôˣһ·ˣ
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ϾҪɡ
죡
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ѣ˯š
˯
Уܣһ뵽Ͼû˳ΪˣҾܡ
򵥣ھ̸ǹؾǣ򵽴ſѦΪŮ
ڰﰲŴ۾˵ɻ󣬡ΪʲôҪ򵽴ſڣ
Ѧٶη

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лҪ˵֪кܶຬ塣

 68 

׾Թ϶, ת۽ϵѩͣͣ˻Ĵӵת
񲻴, ȥɡ
ͷҲû̧, , ʵֶסˡú÷ȥ
ǼǰͲˣĳˡ
㿴Ű졣
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оִæ˯̰ûر᣿
һĿ϶
ִϲ
, ˡ
ˣ
ĵ]Щܲסʾûв
Ҳû֡
Ͳ, һٱţȻڻ԰һȦ, Ҫʱ乻Ļȥǰ䡣
ţһ˯һʱ, һֵϡ
ӺգȻ󱻰һεĴ˵̫, ס
Ҳǣ]м䣬֮⣬ʳʲôʲô, ķӦرʡġ
û
ĳ˰곷ȥ̬ȼٳˣ˵˵ģɿ
ۿûϣˣ]Ҳѵˣʬڱ
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šһĸҪ˯𣿡
˯Ҫ·
ԴУһʱ䶼ڸߣҲҪš
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