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ĩļڣлȣʱֲ˿˿⡣
÷±ʣֱۣ°ĵ⡣
һд˶ʮһ֣ʫһ׸һΡվĸһȥʦ̫𣬾ʦ̫վеġȥĲɵãĲɵãδĲɵáʱ÷忴ѵĸį۽ǻһ
ˡ
ʵ׾סֲԶľУÿڣӣһܻ֮ѰһЩͷĸŮȥסһʱ䣬ֻĸִ֣ӲϼףÿθȺʱҲֻǣŮȥĸһ仰ס
÷ԼĪ֪ĸΪλԸĮ
Ϊ׵ļлһλ˰ɡ
÷ʱĸһֵͬģȥʱǸСѾͷżӵԺĥȥԣոһѻĸߣúԺһİ
Ժ˴һԪ⡣
ʮǰһԪ³ߣеһλʦӤŷһűСӵӤ㱧˽ӸȡСԪ⡱
ԪǱʦ̫ʦִģǶ谮ǳͷԱĸгһջȥ
ԪⱻԲ󽿺ʮϲֹһͿԪ⣬Ůʦ̫ܾˡ
յʱ䣬Ԫͬһ÷壬һȥիóԷ
÷ĸ׽յķţѯĸǷҪȥիĸ׻Ӧһȥ÷Ԫһիȥ
ԪĿģΪյ֪һϢʦʦȥһ˻ʹ
˵ǵ̫Ƿҽ˰ҲתʺТֵ˽Ϊ̫о
ԭԪףûʸʦһģǾʦ̫谮Ŵ˷һ棬⽫д˽֮ϣרͬǰּĹһ
ʦͬλ˵ӵ˼Ǵ棬ʵΪ̫һ⡣Ԫ˷ܵʦҽ֮һҪȫȫΪ̫ҵ⣬ͻ顭
÷尲ţȻԵˣҲѧĵıӣֻЦͬ˵á
ҪһȥͺˣԪ֣Ȼֵ˷ǰȥֻһӣе㺦¡һͬʦ˵һȥʦ˵㲻ֵˣԲܴȥ
ԪⱾԴ棬뵽ʲô˵ʲô˼Ҳȫдϡ
÷尲οȷʵȥҵءʦ̫ʦţҪ¡˵ת˻棬ͬʹŻʹʮֶ˷ȥ۸ˡ
һ˵Ԫ۾Ҳڴȥ
ӾͶԺ󣬿Ԫȴڽǰһҹﲡˡ
ԭǰ̰һӵĹӡЩӶǷھˮģںԪԻ˶ӣҹк˸ȡʦ̫ҹиƣ˷ӳҩڵ峿ŰһЩ
״Ȼ޷ˡ
ʱ˾ҪӾʦ̫빬ˣʦ̫ǰ÷÷嶥Ԫ빬Ϊ̫
ϾѾдԪ֣λ͹ԪĴڣ֪ôһʮĺ빬ǲȥܹЩ˵ȥ
λδԪò
⺢Ҳƶῴųģ⺢Լߣڷǰ꣬ǰֵˡ˿ɷƶȥʹס죬ԪΪ̫оҲǰƶһæʦ̫
ʦ̫ˣܹΪ̫ĸ֣ʦ̫ȥǡ˿ʦ̫Ĺȥ⼸һԪġ
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˾ʦ̫˷д÷壬ȥԪⷿл·
ԪΪԼȥʹͬԼ˭Ҳ
÷ǰοһѹһҰڻʹһж˵
˵ãԪСĴָҪҵ۾ȥһʹ
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⺢ӳţһĸףչͨ˲һġ֮⼸ڷʥصĽȾССϱ˼֮ﻹ͸һ˵ļ͡
ʦ̫Լ⺢Ժǲ˵ģΪļȣΪò
÷üĸףǸˣ֮üƯֻЩ÷ʮ꣬Ժǰδʮҫۣٳ꣬õĹ⾰
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ʻһʱڵִ˻ʹ
ǰλּĹǾֱȥ˻ʺݼ֮󣬻ʺ˽ǰסĴμ䡣μһã÷Ҫ;ʦ̫ʦһΪ̫о
Ź󣬻ʺžʦ̫һȥ̫ӸΪ̫󿪵÷ʦڷã׼Ϊ̫о
ͱţ÷żλǳʦȥţֻ֮һʦûš
÷Ƽƺһ¶ţǽԼŸǸʦ㣬Լȥ
ߵȴǷ治ֹһţţ߸
ֻ÷循ȵĲŵЩһ꣬ʮӣӻɫĻ΢΢ЩɢҲһЩüһ˫ÿ۾ʱǷͲãβסı˳ѵ˯̬
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ҹ˯һ۾Ժбֳܸǰ˯ţҲǾʣʮƣ
ԭʱԭӦĻģʵ룬ֲ̫˯ֻӿΣСһ
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ǸŵСӣʱԶǽǱߣһͷƼ
Ƽȶ֮ϣԲһƽͣϵ˫ëż΢΢һֱͣ߶ķ𾭣˵Уӵоͺʵľã÷ƳȻͰ
һӿһǸСӣģ˯ˡ                        
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о÷ԼʰõţλʦȻȥϢ
ʦ뿪֮÷彫Źطźãߵ棬Ǹ˯ŵĸ첲
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Ƴ۾һۿǸ˾İСӣ˵ʦǶˣҲȥɣˡ
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ƳƬ̣һ泩ĸоҲһЩþû˯ôȵһˡ
ź÷ʦȥһʱľ׼شμ˯
ҪЪʱȴһλŮÿ˷߽ͬʦ̫˵˼䣬ĿѰһ÷ϡ
Сʦȥһˡ
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£˹ˡż磬Ů˵
ǱߴӦš
÷翴һۣ´¿һӰģ
ӰԼӦԷƺ䲢
÷Ī뵽Ǹڷ˯ӻɫꡣ
ӻɫֻле˲ܴ
ţǱߵֿ˿ڣ˯ţо
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÷óǵվҪˣնһҲ޷ȥЪŰɡ
Ƴһۣתȥ̤ЩأԼ
һ÷˺ܾã̫Լ뿪
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÷˼һ𣺡˵ʥ˴Ӧò̫ӵ¡
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÷Ц·ͬڣʲô
ԪŬŬ죺ӣǱһˡ
˭˵ģʢܹǣܹռԼĸĶɶˡ
ᵽĸԪ̲ס̾һ˵ҵĸĸ𣿡
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÷˵⻰֮󣬾ִеʮǰûмһŮӤԼĪ´󣬹һźĻСӣлһƽ塣
˿˵һУԪһһˡ
ʦ̫óԪСӣԼԪⲱһֱŵǸƽۣϸ˶ԷݣŽԪгǸˡ
һԪ⣬ˣ⺢ӳĸס

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Ԫлһ񣬻һ鶯Ľˡ
˵Ԫĸ׵ĻȷԪ
˵ԪⱾƣĸĸʮǰ⣬·˶ˣ޶ɥֻһ˱Ԫ뿪
˱Ԫ˺ü죬ͽ٣һֱ׷ᣬҲû˰취ŽԪſڣԼͽܿˡ
Ҳ˲⡣
ԪȻû˸ĸȴһĸЩһֱûз׷ЩͽԪ䣬ҵҲǸοԪ⸸ĸ֮飬ھȪ֮µ԰Ϣ
ԪȷϺ󣬱Ҫ뿪ˣȥĸ
ĸǺˣֻ˾ʦ̫Ԫ⣬˲֪
Ԫ뿪֮ǰе˱ſ˿ޣǾʦ̫ûҵĸĹȥʮԪһֱѾʦ̫Լĸһ㣬Ҫ뿪ȻǼΪܡ
÷Ҳûбҹһ˸͸Ԫ⡣Ԫ÷Լ֮һ
Ԫ뿪֮з·ʧȥ÷ûôһߣҲʧȥȤ
÷ÿдֻʫʦ̫ĸ˯ĸ֣÷ѧ٣Ժ󵯼׺Ӹĸף˵ĸ׾ܿһЩ
Ϊٵֵ徻δʦø׸ԼٺףԼȥֺɽжϰ
ûʦĽ̵ѧվࡣһѧѧСɣվտ
ǰЩӸ׽ȥ˼֮񣬻ѰףΪǵ͸
ΪϲٵģԲѡ
ʵ÷Եʵ㲻ϲֻǷĸϲˡ
µףȥɽϰ
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˼ȷʵһЩ˽ֺɽһΡż
صУ÷ûУģƷ
δʩ죬ģȻǸӡҼװ·ϴһΣĵظġ죬ȴ죬ƷԶḡ֮ˡ
գϲüңãýȥ˵ȥĪҪ̫࣬б˰źȥ
һ£ֹԥƬֵֻ̣˵ŵ㣬δ˵ȱ㣬ȲҪż
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ܾϷ̫أЩĮһǸѵȤģ׺ҪиĵλȨصɸʮҲ檣ҳȥҹжԺӸô
һӹ濪ʼ˼ҹˣֱú޲šĶ䡣ֻӴ˲öֻ֣Ｄ˼һŮ飬һɵĶҲǴ´ࡣ˵»ûأԺˣΪ˵˼ҶĮǸƲ㡭
⻰˵ģ޸ҵĹܴۼŵȥ÷Ʋңгֻǽⷬĵ̫٣Ҳ˽⣬Ҹɵýţ⾩ʮӵһ䣬÷˽һЩȻҲͳˡ
ΪģҸɻ˵ýȥ˵ףǳˣһҪʲô¶Ӧ㡣˵ɣӦһҪΣ
һգãľͶģ
аЦתȥýš
ⲽյԼԺȥ
ԺڲŷӦţǲĵˣ
ǲԸ÷׵İ
ôýȥ˵أ
ô㶼ԼԿ
ϽתȥҺˣɺ뿪Уȥýˡ
ˣ÷ԼˣԼξܾܼȲܽǹأ
Ϊһ죬ֱϲż׻æʵǲýȥˣ
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˵λ÷ĻҲý˺ôһ˽Ķ˽ˣֻ÷ʹ÷÷ܸ𸴡
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գ÷Ϊĸ׸٣Ƿ˵÷ˣɽµŵġ
ԭ÷ѾߣֻԴ÷ĸ֮󣬲ôź򣬱㽫˸СÿšϾӣý
գ÷˵ɽȥ㸸װɣҿ𾭡
ǡ÷֪ĸ״ϼףʶҲûٶ٣뿪ſȥ
˸ײ֪ԭͬ˵Եġ
Լ֮ҵĲſ˵ףҺѦҹһЩſȽģΪлҿһϸ˵
÷Щȣס̫ãÿֻͺĸ׿ģ˻Ů󵱼¡ֻļչȥûã˵ˣ
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ȷʵδţŮӵͶҪޣȻҲ˵ޡ
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λǷ̫ĳӷŵвģ˰ۣĸǵ̫ӵʦλǺɵĴӺòõģĸǱɣ˵ٽ׵һЩҲûе̫ࣻλǰƽСӣߵģĸǳֻòͲܶҪǰλ˵ҲЩ竣ΪѦȽǰλΣ
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ǰ㸸ڵйһδվȻġ˵Ѧϲκμ֮ɫȴ˸еģ㸸ףһʱˮԼȥ㣬Ϊ˲ʧȥ˸еĺӣ˲Уǵڶһֱظ֮Ҫ̷һ̷ѦΪľ顭
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֪ȥ֮Զ⼸˵ģжȻ۵ײԸ˵赭д⼸䣬Ѿķǻ£гܲסˡ
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ҽĻã÷Ƶ÷Сͬ׵״㲻֪ķҲû⣬ƭ˵ײһ⣬붼©Ҳûţ˵ǲǺܹ֡
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ϣߵĸĸѰɱܿˣ÷˵Ҫͷ̫ȥ鷿̸Щ飬Ѧ˵Ҫͷȥ˵ЩĻֻӣ÷ŷڸеתת
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ֻҿջȷʵܺãڷŵʮӶǵǵģ÷÷ֻվһԵһ
СƼǽܶŻΪһλãһλӵռһӣСӿȥǸ
÷ȫʵ᲻Щð
ððСԷĿ˶еӾҶǳˣñðġ
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***
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ԼҪȥǿ⣬÷ǰһż誵ĴûҲˡ
ȻѾӣҲǰţֻק׼ظ
ʱȻƳλӵĲ
һ£
ôе񡭡ŵ
ǸҪ÷׵ķŵ
ԼϿ˺һȷ調ߵˣȷʵǾʮ֮׷ŵ
û뵽ⷽŵˣһͬ÷С㶨ףһ調˻飬߯Ҫˡ
֪÷忴Ƕһ𣬻᲻Լ׾ѡѡôαӣ
뵽Щֻ漴־ÿĲ
÷ĿҪ˰ɡ
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ţּһʻǡǼҿջġ÷
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ûжһֱ
÷÷ڿջõҿһЩ͹ͷֽţŵȥ
÷Եúܱ·һֱӿ羰
ӽʱ÷ȻһϤˡ
㣬ǸӣҲﰥ÷ͬ˵һ䣬Դ⣬źкӡ
÷ͬԼкȷ÷С
Լ淽ŵţ÷ү÷ɰˡ
÷Խ÷ļͬкɡ
Ҳɢ𣿡
÷лȺֽ˵ǣͿġ

÷Ҳû̫ࣺӣȹȥˡ
һɣ뷽Ҳѣɷͬһȥ
÷飺԰
ŵǱߣŵԭŵģһ÷վ
÷ˡŻŵüͷһ磽⿪Ҳࡣ
෴ԭһֱЦţ÷
һˣ÷岢δ誣ֻº͵ͬŵ˵˵ǼҿջζȷʵǴһЩȳԡ
ŵ޵ȷʵ㡣
÷еֽԱߵСϣ֮
ӣ಻ȴʵʵںóԵģ󻹲Ѻ֤˵ǰɣӣ
ŵע⵽Ա߻վһ
Ҳ˰һᡣ
òЦӣһᡣſ
ӴԹûûԣһɣ
ӿˣҡճꡭĲҪԷˡ
誼Ǽĵ磬Լһԣˣ÷˵÷͹ˣͻȥɣŵҪء
ŵֱǸؿ÷塣
÷ֻһθΧ㣬ǲżȥרǣȥԱߵ㡣
÷ҪԴ֮£ֻŵ誵һǴȥҪ
ǳģҲƳˣλ調Ҫ÷ŵġ
ȻѾϲˣҲȥ͡
÷ͱ˵ӣԷŵӣʵڲϲԸ
Ծͷ֮ǰļƻˣ÷塢÷һȥˡ
誼÷ܶһǹⰵ˵÷Ļŵ㿴λӺ÷ƺĵúܿء
ŵƫͷȥǺ÷ĵÿģǺ÷ĵúܿģ÷һרĵ㡣
ʱյһС㣬Сȡᶪ˺С
ʵ㣬
һ룬зŵڻࡣ
˵ɣͰҷŸ˵ȥǱơ
ƺ̫ԣŻ÷أôֱӻˣ
Ǳߣ÷÷Ȼô͵һ㣬Ȳѡ
÷㣬㹳ϲûôҧ
÷룬㣬㹳ҧһڡ
÷˹Ц˵ĺеҾԶԡ
һԵĺĻشǲҲ˼֡
ʵλ÷ҲôȤ
ԭȻ߶ѡԼۣ񵹾Լ˫۾Ҫˡ                        

009

ŵ˹վ÷ߣʲôأôģ
ҽ㣬÷˷ܵӣҽ㹳ϲδŶʳȴܵ˵治棿
ŵ÷壬⣺֪ĵشƣҧһڹҲûʲôϰһķݡ
÷Ц˵Цˡ
÷ȴǼΪͣ˵öԣҽɫɲͣҽ㣬òԶԸϹ
÷屻˵Щ˼ҲȤҡ
ʱȴһԵĺҲɫɲͰôҧҵĹѲеǹģ
仰һӰѴҶˡ
ǱߴЦòеĻʶ۶ˡ
ŵ÷վһһºţһ߿ˣʮֵǶʱиܡ
ĸ˵ǲܾѷŵУ˸ƣ֮ʱûлˡ
ֿһ۷ŵûл˼һתһơ
Ůͬ˵ԼļƻŮͬС˵ʲôСգ׷׶߿ˡ
÷죬ȻԶͨһ
ˮ
˰ˮ
ߵŮ
С򲻼Ӱ
÷ͷŵһϽܹȥˡ
ֻˮиź
ŵͺڰ߼Ĵת
ҲӾ
Ҳᰡ
÷ǲӾǲܼȣܹ÷лקһͣ
ŵõУ誣ץסͣ
ˮһץס͡
ŵͺһ
ֻһϰ˽˷ŵĻУ޵ŵ磬Ϊһˡ
ŵһҪƿûˣЩɿ
調ɣø۾ֻſޣ·˲Сľš
ŵƲΪʪ͸ӣҴּ˫ֲ֪ôźã
÷忴һԱϲŮб˲²⡣
Ů÷һۿЩ飬æߵߣ˵һ磬ūȥ
ŵһҲϽ߷󣬿ȥůţؼҰɡ
еͷ
ŵһʱһҪŵ磬ŵ߲·ܷܲҹȥ
ŵգǳɫ֪ߵģġ
˾ģ̲סȥһ÷塣
ϲ޲ȴ͸Щ
һ仰û˵÷תˡ
ŵΪ÷ˣҲ˲ñģƿ誾Ҫ׷û誵ĺȻŵ磬ˤˣ˺öѪ
ŵ÷뿪ıӰֻͷˤڵϿ޵誣յ
Ѷϣҵӣҡҡͷŵڲȥ׷÷壬Ժ˵¾ˡ
ҲûʲôϵķŵļҲ뿪ˡ
÷÷֮뿪ˡ
÷㣬ǸôûûƤͥڵͶͱ۸
÷ȴ̹Ȼ۸ҾίŽ۸Ҳίճ֣Щ飬ҲҸ˽ⷽһЩ
˵ŵ÷ҲûʲôҲǣһŵģŮ˶ƲԺ̸㣿
÷ЦЦĻԺ
ʻһξ󣬺Ȼ⴫
÷
÷óͣ£ҿӣ
£÷
Ҳͣµһ÷µҲûб飬ֻǸղŵţЩ뷨ͬ˵
뽲
ǻںǽܶ˵ʱ򣬾Ѿ÷ʳԵɣ֪÷ܺͷŵһ棬調ǺģֳҲһɵġ
ʵ調ǹˮģǵʱЩС˶ԱţûˮʱһûӦǿǰźõġ
÷ͷҲˡ
˵仰֪Ϳ調˼ԭΪ飬ģȰһġ
÷Ȼ֪ǿŷӵֶΣΪβ淽ӽΧתߣ
û֮ǰһΧ֮һΧ÷˵ǵˣҾԼȽϺá
÷Ӧúɣͬ˵Ҫﻵӡ
÷ҡҡͷ˵𸣵£Ҳ
һĻûü˵ͱһ䡰˶
Ƕлǰû飬ǽܶ˾Ȼȥˡ
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صϣָȥ
÷Сؿһ÷壺㣬û𣿡
ûС
Ϊʲô뿪
ҺȻ羲ʦ̫ڷýʦ̫ÿֻεģÿЩ˾͸ϲˡ
÷ܲܶĻϵģ

010

÷һ·ϣȴûϣ߽֣дľʦ̫
ѿ÷岻ýȥţֻվڷšֱ;ʦ̫ЪϢʱ÷߽ȥĸԱߵϡ
ʦ̫ضЦЦ
÷ϽԾʦ̫һ
˿ϵϸһ÷ȥӣӸˡ
ûӣ̧ҪӲ˰ס
óԼӣ˲ܵһĺȥϴһϴ
ǣ
ʦ̫һľɢȥ֮÷ĸ׻صԡ󣬷ĸѾĶʰˣİڷڴϡ
ǡ
˽£ȡëΪʪķң˵¡
÷ţ˵
Ҳ֪žУǿƺ쳾Ǳ֮ˡ㲻ֵˣҲ˶Ϻ쳾жȹ㲻һǰСδܷıӡѾˣ˺쳾ԵסǻԷ治
÷һ㲻Ҫˣ
˰ͷǲ᣺ԼþССԺ
֪Ժ뿪ߣȴû뵽ô죬÷ͷһᣬˮӯӯ뷽ǳɲˣж㼸ɡ
һæʵôͻȻɲˣʲô£
Ů鿤ƺһֱ÷彫龡ˣ֪鿤Ĵձ鿤ûа취ȫȻ˲ңӣԺз粨ҲԻȫʶ֮ǰҴδ뵽Ժ޵ķʲôˣʶ֮룬Ҫ޵ˡ
ϸ꣬Ҳ˼ƽϣԼͺáﵱͬ˵ģദΣǿ㸸¡뷽ֻΣ鿤Ƿ氲ŵģ翴ӵԸ˭ԹȲԹӣҲԹ鿤ⶼڤڤ֮еİš
Ů֪ġ÷۾ЦЦף㻹𣿡
˽§ģﲻҪߣʮ꣬Ѿ֪ˣҲֻǽ黹ˡ˵ԺֲǼˣʱֱǣﶼȥʲôʱܼ
÷廹᲻뿪УҼѾ뷽Ӷ˹ϵҲһ˵ü徻㼸첻𣿡
徻ˣ̾˿鿤ŷӣδת뿪ǷжȻϰµģտ϶Ҫȥġ㲻ظУҪˡ˷徻ʦ̫òˡ
÷üͷ壺δ뵽ĸ˵Ķԣʮа|Ҫһġ
һȥ
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ϸϸһδ㶼ôˡ
÷ѵùɵЦţϴμҶǰˡ
ԼͲˣΪǲɽżܽ÷Ĺ⣬ܼλ˵еķˡ
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֪һЩ÷뵽֮ǰͬ˵£ҲûΪ֮ǰʧˣ˳ŵֻҪ׻ױһ̷棿
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÷˵ͷ˵Ϊ
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ţҲĹһЩࡣ÷Ĺ׵ģ븸ӻطġӻ·һֱ׷ֻܾһ߳ǲŽ˦
÷Ҳ֪ĸ˵ʱ÷࣬߳ȾߣԴӾͲ̫ˡ
û˵飿
˵ǺܺõˣҪҼ˵ʱҪء
˵СʱˮҵҲá
÷գ벻ף˵ȻǶöԷܺãΪʲôͬסһأ
÷Ҳ벻⣬Ͼǰ֪Ĳࡣ
÷Ҳ˵ȻԼ룬ֵȻܺãҲܺãȴԸסһѲΪף
÷һ£˵
˵Ƿ˼Ȣ檺ҾòȢһǱ޺뵽ȥȢڶˣ÷˵ɸȢŮˣŮ֮ǲмԴ׵ģԸɴֿˡ
÷룺񡭡Щ
÷һĴȣǾǸ׵Ĳˣ
÷⻰ɱ˵
÷ˣ˵ԺȢޣȢһϲģһί
÷ģܵȻƽƤЩĹȴǼõģһ뷨ӦҲͦõġ

ȥ֮󣬽÷塢ŵ鿤鷴˼飬鿤˻óȥ÷ӣƫŵԸҲ㲻ϸӲ鿤һϣǶ˵Ҫˡ
Լ᲻ỹл᣿
ҽ÷ҽദһδԼദʮǢ÷ӡǲģ
ǿͭŵӣǰڿջԷʱ÷ģʱߵü˻ҲһԾˣӱ
ţ᲻һʾʾ÷֮ǰԵߣ
ϴӣ֮ͭϣӣٿԼò˿ǷԵĹ￴Ҫ͸ģô÷忴͸ײƵأ                        
лҪ˵±ǵȲ˵һŵ÷Ļ»̫֮Ӿͻˣ赲̫ӳֵģֻһӵӶѣǡ


011

÷ڽסһ֮󣬹Ȼڶһ磬ŵˡ
֪÷ѾˣԺסУŽ÷һȥ
飬÷ѾϤѦѦȵ÷ʱָΪ鿤ľͷŵѶ϶Щ
÷ҲԼľǣŷҺ÷ҵǣ˵¾˰ɡ
÷ѦȻŵŶԷȷʵǸĺӣֻЩʲô⣬Ȱ÷ٸŵһλᡣǷŵܽ鿤飬ô˵¾ˣǷ̫һҲ˵ʲô
÷ڷŵϵŵǸʱͬ˵鿤ƺǶģֻԸ˵ƣҲҾá⣬ͬ˵
ŵŵĲãؼ֮׺ĸ׶ݺѵһպҾԲٷĴ뿤ԺҲٻǣ
˻ֵ̿ģȷʵǺܿġ
÷Ҳû˵ʲôʱ䲻ˣȥʹݵֵɣʱͲˡ
ŵСˣǶ¿һӣҴȥơ
÷뵽Ȼ˵һ㣬ûô˶ϣ˷꣺˵ɡ
ֻǻδȵգкȻ˷ŵ鿤ں顣
һǾʮ֮ףһǳŮʵطĿ˵ǲӼˣһԡ
÷ϳ֮ʱҲмλ̫أ˵иĶϱǺø
̫ð֣³ʱȥ÷ͣ˵ԼǱˡ
Ǳ˭Ƶģ˶֪
ֻ޷粻ˣܴԣչҲշŵûмʱϵذ鿤Ž˻ᡣ
÷û𣬶Է̫ûн֮ǰӻǲҪˣʲô
÷Щ飬ҲЩͷۡ
ԭΪ˲ǵ;ѡϻε飬뵽ôƣ÷һô顣
ڷҲܿյ˰ƽӣ˵ǳȥѷŵ鿤
ӣ˲Ҳȥɵ˰ƽȴҲûôʺ飬ֻ뷽Щҳ˿䷽ŵ˹û˵ˡ
뿪оһֱֹܾ鲻̫ԡ
Ȼȥĵڶ죬ŷ˵ǷȥΪַŵƽĻ£ԲӼҪˡ
ò㱳˹ȥȻ鿤ȷʵǷĶϱǿƣݸڷŵŵȢպҪ۸
ûиǷĻᣬܿ˹̫̫誺ͷŵͻ顣
̫˳ĻΪŵ⣬裬ձ㽫빬Уŵָ˻顣
һͻ÷˶ˡ
̫ߣƼɫôѲɷ˾Ҽ誶һ䲻ҵĹӣ
Ȼ˵ʵȻѷŵ÷˵ӲδĶףֻ˵÷ǰŵǵ̫ҿֻּ̫ܲӲͷƤ˵ﻰ鿤ʣ֪ҼŵȻġ
Цʵ䲻䲢ҪҪӻͨ⣬ʲôǿ
ųαĻúҪҧˡ
÷ӳϵ֪̫ŵ鿤ͻ飬̫ͣ÷ȴֱӻ˼ҡ
²÷壬Ѧ֮󣬾͸
Ϊ÷ģû뵽ֻǻ֪ˡͼͬ÷пʳķˡ
Դǰ÷ȥջ֮÷Ҳϲ˿˵ζ
÷һӵĿ⣬֮һϵéޣڶ챻ѦﳶŶѵһ顣
÷Ǹջ˵Ķȷʵóԣ÷͵͵ܳȥ͵ԡֻ÷ӹθҲ̫ãÿȥҪһӣӸأȻܲסԼЩõʳĺͽٽһЩ÷ÿβҪô࣬ӦþͲаҹé޲ˡ
ͬѦ˵뷨ѦͬˣȥǼҿջЩͿ˻ܶһ⣬һԲˣѳﺰ˹һ߳һо澿Щϡ
÷ѷŵ鿤ͻʱ÷ʱ÷岻ûκηӦ˴ݸ㳢һȺţĺܺóԡ
÷ҧһ飬ζȷʵˣһ꣬Ҳ³ؼоĶ顣
ѦƼСĴһӣסЦЦȥջһЩ
ڶ÷Ͱȥ˴ʦ˿¯һЩǩϺõľ̿ѵҲ׼ȫˣڶ÷æظүҲ˰æԺȻæ׼
Ѭ֮䣬æҵģ˭Ҳûŵ顣
ͿҪõʱſڵļҶ˵Ƿ̫򸾹ˡ
÷ˣһģϵ۾͵ˣЩز档
÷һ磺ǸԵģñ˲ע⣬ࡣ
̫ŵǸġ
Ϊŵ鿤ѾԵٵ÷ҵţʶֻǷ򸾶˹ˡ
ʵ鷢չزŵдҲǷ򸾶ηηŵûܼʱԡܾͻйءֻȻѾˣԴҲû塣
÷÷ȥԺһ̫ǻȥٳ
÷ɴӦ˼õ˷ȥ˺Ժ
̫򸾽֮Ҳû̫ãǳĵǸ÷ѦҲˡ
ҵȻûɣվ÷뷽̫ͬΪ٣ܲðѹϵֽˡ
Ҳûֻ̫棬δ£÷Ҳں£÷ҲûҪ̫ˡ
ΣϾû̫ȥ˳ĸУ˳ĵҲ빬У̫ͻǰҲû˵סִֻҪȥԺԸ÷ǡ
Ѧֲȥˡ
˸߽ԺͿ÷ڳ£һ߳Զһصᡣ
˼״֮Ũ⺢ίˡ
ѦҲۣǸµغӣ콫µʱʲôҲû˵ԭΪ⺢Ĵ󣬲δϣȷʵˡ
룬ס˷ˣˣǱȥˡ⺢ӷǰԺúõģȴޣǲԸ˿ġ
̾˿ҲգͷͷתǷҶԲ
ʱ÷壺ͷ˻ҲܿˣǷ̵˷ʳ
ٳһڡ


012

÷۾ǰԺʱ÷Щһˣ׵촽̲סŶ͵Ц
ЦţѦһԿǣЦûƼ鲻𣿡
÷͵û鲻ãŵ̫ˣҳԲôġ
ѦӹӣŵһߣǲˣȥгЩٳˡ
ţá
˲÷һڣȵĲˮͬϽһ㣬ǵͷˡ
÷żشͳһƻ㣬
÷ģͲµԼĲôģҲƻ˵
÷ΪˣƻӲУ𷽲ˣԼһڣ㣬Ҵˣ
÷״æ㳦θã̫ܳģ³
÷ھȥſ͸㣬Ҳˣͱˡ
ɵӣ÷彫ƻУԣ
ĺ÷ֱţƻСڵؾͿ

֮󣬺Ժ£̲סֽеͳ
Ҳ˵˷ŵ鿤ͻ飬Щ꣺ŵȻϣ鿤ߣû÷޳
÷֪Ϣ󣬻᲻ģ
ǰѩӦϵĽ˰ɡ
Լ˼֮Уûעһˣһӡ
˭ҪͷԼʵҡ
ӣϼûµĿӣŲõöĸ͸𣿡
Щ˼ⲻǱ͵ģֻ˻˼ҡ
һӵ˻Ǹ
ƶѵһĽɫǴĵӣвһϲѵϲĹˣ
ôˣпϵĹˡ
ļҵĹﰡʲôʲôϲ˼𣿡
һ˵⻰·Ǳβ͵èһ¾һ⻰˵ģûСûе£Ҳûϲ˼ҡ
֪ԼӵİȻ˵ûУ˵ˣûϲ˼ҹ˳ҲϲԶˡ
Ȼ֪ϻ˳˼ҵ˵ϲͲϲʲô֪ӵ˭𣿡
뵽֮ǰٰ÷ģǽ֪ӵЦִԼ飬Ȼǲģ˵Ҳ֪һҿջԷʱżȻһƼгԷ䵽գͽˡߵüûü˼ҡ
һԭżһ·˹䶼֪ģЩʧﻹΪҵأǰ׸һ˵㽫ӸҪ뿪
һ¡ס
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ãٴμǸҪҪӻ᲻˼ҸӣҪ᲻ԵúܿⰡ᲻Ϊͼʹ˿Ұ
ЦʲôƤ˭


ŵһֱƽǵĸͬ˵ڽԺ÷ʱиǷһ㡣
ȥΪ鿤ͻһ£Ƿֲ֪ϢʱѾˡ
̫µּܲҲ֪ˣǲԸ⣬ǿּʥϣǷʵڳܲ
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ĸ˵־ԼӦȥһ棬ڣ׿ڸǸ˵һЩ
գŵȥǶǼ¿ӣϰƼһΡ
һ֧ӣһһԶ׹
ϰ˵ζһģʮѵá
۸ȻҲʮְ󣬼˷ŵ⼸µٺ»
ŵµţһʮʺ÷塣
ȥ÷Ϊ˼˵лǲС˹ȥţ˵÷һ档
С˴֮ػӣſڵļҶ˵÷ﲻ
ŵϵ÷ܻ᲻ԸѹҲ֮С
νСˣſڵļҶ͸÷塣
װεСױϻһţдģ÷ǲϼܿдҲǺõġ
СױϻȥҽſڵļҶǼҶױϻֽȥˣһֳˣͬС˵ʲô
Сܻͬŵ˵ӣ÷˵գҲῴ˵æùȥɡ
ŵױϻŹȻ档
ģе˰ʱСҲȥ˼ΣֱʵſڵļҶͷˣԸٽȥŵ뿪
÷ʱȷʵæ
÷ڱѦ﷣վԭ⼸ǽúóԷ̣ʳ
Դ÷ѧ̿ʳһʱԿɿ÷һѳĶ˸Ūý⼸ķûĲˣȫ÷ڳĻ
еĺóԣеʡóԵĴҶˣóԵģѦýܶ˱Ե׼˷ѡ
÷ԲȥƸ÷壬÷Ȼ˷ѣضһҲϲԣ˻ȥ
˼غϣѦһӣˣǽվŷʡȥ

013

ŵ˽Σ÷ѾִⲻϼֻȻȥ
Щ÷ڽҲûȥȵȷŵٵŵʱͬסЩӡ
÷ȥסЩҲãɢɢģҲˡ
÷Ը£ͽȥ
ȥ˰ɣ÷Ȼͣڼʵʵ飬վҪȥˡ
÷һڼҶúúõģΪʲôҪ飿
¾̫ӵЩƧ˵֮ǰѡİӲõԭ򣬹ʶٸ̫λҲ̫ܶʶһЩѡԭ̫С࣬ûʸģǷ̫Ա˵ţʴӱѧͳͬ࣬Ըã̫ӱÿһЩͬġ
ҽ̫ӵ¿𣿡÷ˣף岻ã飬
Լ岻ˣ÷ߵ⼸ٶٿţͦõˡ
ǸףĲȥ÷ѵ̫ӵİ֪˶ٲˣǳڰϣǳ̫Ϻðɣ
ڼ޾ˣȥǹɭϵĻʼҴԺñë
÷ǻʶ㲻ܲȥ
÷뷴Ѧסˡ
÷˵ִֻͬ˸Եɣ̫Ѿʼ£ֻ飬ܻ̫ҪʶһЩſųʵԼʵΪ̫ѡΪ̫ѡͣʶأܱѡУ˵ҲϣгһܳΪ̫ӵұۡ
÷Щɶ÷ͬ˵̫ӵһЩ飺˵̫ӵºҲйһƵľ
ʲô
̫ӵСʱҲͬһһز÷˵|ʱʱΪձصǡʱ߳ȾߣҽκԺ˾ʵëһܵžͻȥʱҲչĲ飬ǲ̫ҽΪҽΡ
÷ţ̫ӵʲôز
ʲôҶⶼڲԡ÷˵ǳ̫֮ӵӾͱ࣬ǰҲһ㰮氮֣ͱЩƧˡ
÷˵ƺ֮ôһͬĸо÷룬Ҳûôų̫Ӱˡ
÷Ըסˡ
ȻڽҲúܿģߣŻйĸо
ĸ˵ֻס죬֮Ҫؽļҡ
˵̫ͻ鷽ŵ鿤飬οǷվˣҲûʲôϧġʦ̫ͬģ˵üظԲǸиģԺ󶨻Ӱݣɸ
÷Цʦ̫ǳˣ˲ڿʦ̫Ļ
ɽһ粨ȴ÷һ֮֡
ס֮ٻصʱȴһЩ
Χͷŵģ˵÷Һͷףŵѡ鿤
˲²ⷽŵԭҪôǳΣҪô˵Ӳ˷򣬷ҲһֱסС
Щϣ֣÷˳ţҪָָ㡣
ԭŵ÷Ĺϵ˽֮󣬺ܿý÷˵ףЩɢ֮˵׵˾ԽԽ٣Ҳݡòƥġ
ѦｫЩ˵׵Ķ˳ȥ
÷סеŭȥ˭ɢЩԣܿ׽˼ʼɢԵˡ
֪֮ôģ֮ǰڷŵ鿤ںƬ֮ʣҲɢȥġ
˸ǲٵǮƣǲŻɢ÷
Ȼͬˣô㲻Ѳ³ⱳˣǳ
÷Ȼ壬ЩдƵһգ뵽ЩýҲܷ飬ЩⲻȥǱ÷˵ףŵĵһΪ˸鹫Ĵͻ·ֻΪҡĿĴﵽˣûٰһҡΣҲ鿤ͷ֮䷢ʲô飬ǣңǲŻֶҡ
÷ϸһȷʵпǵڶȥ˷̫Уҵŵûк鿤ʲôìܣ
һʲ֪Ȼ÷˵ǰ㣬֮һܲ飬ȷʵǣ÷塣
ŵ⼸ҲЩЩ˵л׿˵÷岻ˡ
Խǿ÷ãȴԽǽᣬΪǳĿŹĻ֮ˣ÷Ҳмһˡ
ŵյ÷ңҴĴ⣬пǷš
ʲôţ
̫ͻҺͿ֮ж÷ʮֹⲻȥ׿ͬǸֵңǱдһţҵǸ֮ʶдУͬһױϻ֮͸÷ûмңҲûţױϻҷǰտҪ̤࣬ҵǸױϻ
ŵ˵ţִ̧Լһƣ÷һٴʵڲ֪λҲãҲգֻҪ÷ôϡ
Сӣ÷ò˵ͦһӣô˺ͿֲþлȻ涼ǳģ
̫һţҲΪգ÷Īǳ鿤ֶ̫εҲò顣ֻ֤ݣһͬʥϣΪָί
Ҳڲ֪鿤ǸƶʵҵҲҪ̫ǰŻ¡
÷Ҳ֮ˣҲΪǣǸɢԵ֮ˣֻҪҵˣ˳ϣ鿤קʱֵʥǰȥ̫ͷΪСŮ֤СŮס
˷ģȻ鿤ҪҼҵĶϱ飬ǾԲ̻
ˣҾȸˡ
ŪԵɺͷ˵֮÷ȥˡ
ֻҪҳǸ֮˲򵥣Ϊ˽÷⽫ǰ׽ǼԵ˷˳Ҫǳ֮ǰɢ£໹ԭҡ
Ǽ˶˵֮ˣջݵ˶ĵطȻһʼܰѰ׵˵ɺڵģȻҲܰѺڵϴס
ǵŬ֮£죬Щ÷Ծͱ˷
˵һ£Ƿŵ鿤ںһ£ʲôӼ˺Լᣬ鿤ղտǲŷŵǷŵǺ÷ҽںģձ֮ӺҲڳ鿤һܣ˲졣
ʱȥ÷˵׵ýҲվ˵ʼȷʵ÷ҵŮҸ⣬ȴû뵽;ɱҧ鿤ƾԼĺ͸ĸ۸ˣӲǽŵˡ
һ֮󣬹ڵڶ飬ŵ÷ԾͲˡʲô÷ҹΣʲôﷸӲ˷ӣͨͨǼٵġ÷ﲻŮ·念оסӲΪԼĸ
ֲ֣ͨеʦΪ̫̫Ĳ˺ת˷ʥأ÷סܷӣǸʮиˡ
÷Թ̫ӵѧûûֱӻظھеļ¥ͿջжתһȦ˳ػصУ÷˵㣬ڴҶƻТġ
÷岨Ҳһֱ𣿡

014

÷𽥳֮󣬰Ƕ鿤۾Ͳ˺ö࣬ĽԺбŴ󣬱ǰ÷ܵڮٻҪʮ
ԹȻó鿤סˣܿ˳Ǽɢ֮ˣ÷ʱ׽ǡ
֮һ˹Ȼǰƽˣǳɳģϻаƽơ
Ҳֳˣ׾ͽ÷˳ˡ
֮Ҳ÷Ǽɢ鿤顣
ԭ÷Ͼֻ֮Ķģ̫飬ֵǰȥû뵽ȸ״һ̫˵÷鿤ŵͰ˶顣
̫ŮΪ÷÷ҶͰƽʵ
̫˾꣬Ѿòˣ֮лʺܣ֮б´̫һίʵϺСǷǣǱ㽫齻˻ʺûʺͷ÷塣ָ֪˻ʵۣûʵ۲һ÷ļҷǷϽ
̫ѵÿһοڣʵۺͻʺȻҪԴ顣
һ˳֮󣬻ʵ۽÷ͷ̫ĸ׺ҲһʺǱҲȥͣҪ÷弴̽һˡ
Ѧﲻ÷һ˽һ𣬵͵Ĺ˵ǻʺֻ÷һ˽˲㡣
÷Ѧﲻصģ׺Ҳڹأġ
ʱֺȻһ£ˣ˵ٳԲ򼹹ǵĻͲԷˡ˰˳ȥҪʵģ˲Ųкӡ
ѦﵣǵʱͱΪܵܵĳʳˣԲԡ
÷ǹиȥ
ʱ鷿У÷ͷ̫Ѿͬ˵Եɣ½ŽɣһԵĺɣ÷ͷ̫˵ںߣҲڣͬ£
ɲ÷ͷ̫˵ӲϾһԺյսһ̫ӵʦԼǸƷıɣ˵࣬͵˳Ͱƽǲ˵µǰλкˣʵھᡣ
ʵԴӹ鿤ᵽ˺ʱɾѾѺеǰ˸ף֪࣬ȷʵ鿤Ĳԡ
ɵִ˻ᲨǼңһֱڼвⳡ粨ٰѶӷų
û뵽¾ȻִˣʥϣʥҪ֤˵벻˵Ҫһߵˡ
ɳˣһȦǾ˭Ҳװ֪飬һʱһʱ
£Ƕƽ볼ģδ£ͻؼȥ
ĻȥʣһһصģĹ򶼴ȥˣʵȻȣǰڰգ¸顣
ʱ÷Ҳ˹ֻ÷֪
÷屻ֱȥ˻ʺ
ڶν
һʮ꣬šԪ⡱빬Ϊ̫
÷һ۶ůλߵС¡
֪λСʲôӵˣ
ȻҲֻ뵽ЩûȥϾԷʲôֶ֪
Ĵ֮ȴ֮вһˣλڰŪܣ׼廨
λӺݶţׯش󷽣Ҵͬɫ·Ҳֲ٣һʱ治˭λݸһЩ
ʺ÷ˡǹ
λﶼתдЦȴδ
÷忴λݣ˼Ƭ̣λ񣺡Ůݼʺұλ񣬡ݼ
䣬λЦ
λȵź͹ģ⺢ӵһνֱܷܲǶû뵽㾹¶ˡʺ˵ţֽ̧йŮȥһ֧ڷϣǷΪ˴Ĺժġʺ˷÷壬ͬ˵˵ô³ģ
ұλҲͬؿ÷塣
÷Ȼ˵ǰҼʺһΣܲ¶ҲȫȻƾԺǶģļ䡣
ֲ˵ѣΪСû˵ѡ
Ȳ˵ʵֲ˵ѻ÷룬ֻûصŮԺеĻʺͬһ㣬һλȻǹˡ
⻰˵꣬ʺ͹˴˿һۣжЩӡ
ǻΪ⺢ӻû˵һάĻֺǣû뵽Ȼƾֱϳģ
ʵϵģЩֻе˿ˡ
֮²һʱ𣬻ʺȻû˽÷йĿģҪǷڮ鿤顣
ջʺ⽫ͬһúһһΪҲǶ֡
ǰճ˵ǾжŮ鿤𣬹ʶѯʣ˵˵Ƿȴд£
ػʺ²ΪŮ鿤֮ǰŮҲܹһš÷ȴҲûйģǲ죬ϸϸͬʺ͹
Ůĸʮ꣬ǰЩӼǣ˵סŮ͸ĸ֮󣬾һ̫֮ӷŵӡ
շ֮󣬷ŵͬܵһȥˣȥ㣬鿤Ȼִ֣Ҫ͵ֻܵȥջЩԵĶŵͻ;˺֮Ӻ
֮鿤ˮŵŵǸڷŵ鿤ԡȥƽ̫͡ͻ鷽ŵ鿤ŵκŵȵȣֱ鿤κţЩڮԾʹˡ
ŮĸҳʼɢԵǼˣǳ£˵÷ŮһҴδڮٹ鿤ͳֻǰʵ˵˶ѣ
ʺգ˵ЩֻƬ֮ʣ֤ݣ
÷ͷ֤˵׵ýšеʦ㡢ߵ̡ջСɼҵĺӣѾ׽˱ЩɢԵˣǰƽˡ
ʺɫݣ˵ĻҲκ©ô˵ͷŵã鿤ɢˣ
÷ҡҡͷŮͷӻδõĵزֻǼѡ鿤ΪҲ㲻òɢֻóŮԼ뷽Ҳֻˡ
ҲʵǷӱϾ㸸ĸˣ鿤ȴȥѵ㲻Թ
֮ǰ÷ҲʹƵģ÷֮ǰһش˵жǳŮģߣߵģ˵ǱͲǳŮġȻڳŮŮֺαرԹ
ζ㵹Ǵȡ
ʺǿȻԹ鿤ΪλҪȥɢ鿤ԣ
÷ݲȵʺǲԣǳʵࡣֻЩڿഫÿһĹ֮ⶼԼļ⣬ⲢǳŮ͸ܿƵġ
ʺЦһ£ˣЩ鿤õĻǴﴫȥģ
ʺʣ÷һѺ
ʺһȦ̽ѰĿڷ磬Ϊ⡣
÷˵ЩѾòϣЩ鿤õĻǴﴫȥġ
һˣڮٻҵĴ
ƽ÷侲ʱҲ֪̬ԡһشĪ˵ҲҪǣ
ʮ࣬оסֵܵסʺƵıʡ
Щңø𣬱˫ڷʦ̫ľͳغ񣬾ʦ̫ͬҽ
÷۾˻ش𣺡˵ҪҵŮѾͬʺｲδڿδǣɻʺﶨᡣ
лҪ˵ųˣ̫ӻԶ

015

˵ҪҵŮѾͬʺｲδڿδǣɻʺﶨᡣ
÷˵Щͷ˳־ǿ
ʺãȻһЦ˳
ȵĿʺΪκȻʧ̬
ʺǿʣЦδȤˣȻ÷
һЦҲػʺǲΪǰˡ
ʺߵ÷ǰӣɡ
÷˵лʺվֻͷȻš
ţҲʵŻˡ
ʺȴ̧ͷбúÿ
÷岻Եؽͷ̧
ྪδϣлһ˿ţ峺ȴһ̹Ȼͼͣʲôܽܡ
ʺϸϸһ飬üҵϲҲڲزסˣӣʲôţ
Ů÷塭
ʺл㷽˵ռǲã
÷¶ǣǰռǡ
ããʺƺӣǸúӡ
÷岻ôռǾǺúˣ֮ǰѵ
ʺ˼÷岻һԵʺദ꣬Ȼһ۾Ϳ˻ʺ˼Żʺ⺢ӻһʵģ֣ģôŴ̽ϱ
˼÷ı֣⺢ʵڴϻۻҲѹܱʺС
ʺ÷һЩ⣬飬ƽյϲãס˶꣬ؼ֮ϰϰߣ
÷嶼شԽԽֹ֪ʺǲڹĻ
һ鿤ʺŻع⣬ͬ÷˵˵Щ飬˵һҰĻظϢɣ⹫ȥ
λ⹫ȥ÷λ
ˡġ֣֪ʺѡ⺢ӵġ
÷ߺͬʺһ߲廨һ˵˻ʺǺӴСͺĸסһֱû¶棬ѹִδ˵лһλϻĹ
ǰѵϣ֪ʶʡ
Цʵʺϲ⺢ӣ
ʺ黨һЦƣǸĹ
÷ڳ֪֮÷Ҳٽ˹ʻ
Ѧﵣ빬֮Ϊѣ֪ͨ
÷æ˹ʹ۷
յ⣬㿴÷ӹгˣһλţҪ
÷һ
÷ת˹
ô
Ѧ˵Ҳˣҹ
ʺҽһЩڷӺ鿤飬ŮԵɺ;˵ˣʺŮˡ
÷ŮƺδʲôΪѣŷ
߰ɣΪؼҡ
йΪŮ£ʺ⹫ŮȥģҲȥæɡ
Ҳá÷һλĹ⹫СŮظˡ
÷ɷūˣ÷ȥūӦġ
÷Űȥæ÷Ҳ⹫Ļ°ȻصС
ѦһֱǰԺȣƽϸϸʹ֮󣬲ȥ飬˳ȥһЩ򼹹ǣ÷ӻʹԡ
û뵽÷ͻˣ׵أǶƤˡ
Ѧ÷Ƽˣæʷʲô顣
÷һ꿴һܣ

ǳĶӣ鿤誵ĵܵܣҲ˵ףҲ̫ӵİ֮һ
÷빬̫Ѧľһֱţ÷꿻ìܡŽʮ죬˾Ĵˡ
꿱÷꣬÷ӹù꿣Ȼúܲҡ
˵ҽĻ÷˵ҽԲˣͰܻ˵ߵڰȻۣͬ˵ңͶ֡
̫ɶˣѦ￴÷۵òˣ㸸׻һֻعˣⳣһҼֱ̫
÷忴ܵΪԼ꿴ģʵⲻȥԲԹ鿤˷ŵǰֶȸ״ļˣ÷㲻Ǽźˡ
ڸиܵҩҳȥһˡ
Ҫȥ
ȥɼң÷˵ȥҺӣæ֤
÷ȥſڵļҶȥͨȴǺ˳˵պѳȥˣڸС
÷岻ú˵ѣȺӻ
ȥĵطԶʲôʱأ
ްյȲţҾЩȡ
⡭ʵʱڸУ˲÷壬ΪүǰŲ˻˵÷ͷŵ鿤ѾֵʥǱߣƫǣ˺úһ˿ˣ׼κˣһе˵
˼÷վſڲߣ룬ֵ÷ȻȥҶȥ㸮֪ͨ㡣
÷ڿԷŶʱ򣬾ͲµǺǷǣú
ԷȻû˵Ҳò𴩣˳ŶԷĻ˵ҽûʲô飬һȣ˲ң±ȥæ
˼ִŲߣҲӲ˸ߣǱ÷һѣȷʵ£ҾͲˡ
÷΢΢ǷǷȥæǡ
ת˸УŹ֮ԺȥҪȥźȥóʲôӡ
˺Ժӣ˺ȴӦ߿˷š
ȴпһˣֻд󿪡
ʱ÷
·ϵĻҳߵǰ˵Ҫ÷÷ӡ
Ҷȥ֮ͨ˽ȥ
ȥ֮÷÷ˣŵ֪÷ȻȥԼˡ
ӺȻ裬˽л÷ϲ
˷˲͵ģ÷߳Աġ
÷ǣ
ܴġ
Ŷ
Ǻǣ
ǽˤġ

016

÷ҥԵʱ򣬾֤Ǹ׺ĸ֪Ҳڳ֮󣬲ͽȥʶһֱ÷ҵˡ
һĸ˵Ѿֵʥǰ˻֪һе˵
Ÿĸ˽ţ壬Ҫ֤ˡ
±鿤ԣ˷ŵ˵÷ˮִֶȸ״Թ߶ȥˡ
ĸԺӣֻǽ
δǽһΡ
ŵأˤͦҡ
´ξоˡ
÷˲ʱ÷ˡ
úӾõˡ÷߽С
æվ÷ˣ˵ȥҼˣĸӦûȥǼʧˡ
÷岢ںԼ˱ŸӶһġ
⻰˵ȴǽкͷĪһԼ;úܿġ
ӣҺ鿤Ҳ˵ˡںҲڣæ֤֪ǷԸ⣿
ҽչ㣬ҪҰæģ֪ҡ˵꣬뵽ĸײ÷ŵ飬ֵһȥ֮һλҶ⼸նſڶţȥңȥ֪ͨҡ
úӷˡ÷ģжܸмӻиġ
һΪ˵Ըлôģ÷ˣֻǿ鿤۸ˣⱾӦġ
ʱպóȥ˻ˣһ÷ϲԵ򼹹ǡ
Ϊˣ˺üʵġ
÷һ򼹹ǣ˵վۣԳԿ򼹹
꿴ܵʱ緹ʱûԾʹӻʹˣһ򼹹ǣˮҪˡ
ǵϢѦȤһ䣬Ժ˵ӦûδŰɣһԷɡ
÷뵽ڽջԵò԰εģҲ˵⿾򼹹ǼѧŽջĿζģȻȲϿջĺóԣζҲǲġ
һ뵽Լյĳ࣬ڵþͺˣĿİͰ͵ðҽ졭пڸˡ
÷ԸԶֿ÷һԿϴǰ͵͵Ŀô
δԼԵģ÷æȻ죬ԼǿҲøŵȳԣϴ֣Ҳһ
÷˶գַ죬ôջ
Ҳѧһ档
Χ̿¯ߣһϱð˺÷ˮ۾̧־Ҫȥ
ֲ÷嵣ûأϵ˿ھͲˡͳӹȥСز˲ϵĺȻ˵Ա죬ɡգҲѧһЩ
÷ȷʵȵòУеԱߣһӵȷ磬һ߶Ż
򼹹ǿ˺üײŸģɲܿˡ
÷ͬԼͲ῾æ
÷һۣ̿ҲȻ˰ɣ
һãҲȡҲȥԱ졣
÷ͷطŪ򼹹
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дȣǲҲܻ誶߶дһٷǣǸͲˡ
ʵԭʽ㻹мֿ֮ģҲͬأ㲻֪ڸĵģȴлʵЩ񣺡ܻ誶Ϊˣ飬аЦܼʱֹԺ⾩Ҳˣ޶ˣ
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÷СأȻ󣬵ƽҲɢˣ˶̫̫ӵϲ˲ںȻܣչƣҲ浽һ𣬳Ϊˡ

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020

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021

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022

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023

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024

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025

ƳΪҹߵë, Զ˯һر𽲾
ͷ̫Ҳ̫̫ͣҲ̫ӲҪҪůͣҪ㡣޵Ҫһֱ, Ȳ̫, Ҫ֤ҹоʱ˯ǰŮǰڷȼð, ζ̫ŨҲ̫˯ʱ˶ȥţΪ˵Ļ, ǵĺҲŵ˯ž
, ÿϻҪշתò˯š
ҹߵʹ޷˵ĥƣ
ϲƣ뵽Լ޵ж˸̫Ƴ޷Լ˺ǾȥǰԺ鷿ȴպһ˵
鷿ûд, ֻһխ齣ȻҲ, Ǿò
һֱδ, ӿ, ͷ, ͷ, ԺоԼѾȢ, λֻ޵һİѾߣԼ˱ڴ, ǲһĹ˯ˡ
ϲӼĲʽŷԼһ¯˯һҹ
˭ôĵӣҰͷӲ¯
𾪵ǣ߾Ȼ˯һŮˣ
Ȣ̫
ԱԼ˯ô㣬ȷʵȵľ̫ˡ
Լƣͷ¯
ʱ򣬶Էë˼۾
÷۾Ƴʱ˵һ£ʵһ
̫ӵ£ЩΣϺá
Ƴ¯ǰ˵ݡ
÷岻֪¯ʲô˼ΪǸģɽӹ֮ŷ¯ġ
ƼһֱŲӣвʣǵ̫ӵ£檰ɡǰ̵޸̫֮󣬾ҪԳơ檡
ֻŅ֣̀üͷ㿪ң
÷ֻ㬵ջ
Ƴ´˽ź÷Ҳ˴Ůźϴ¡
Ƴ´֮ûٿ÷һۣ·֮Ҫȥ⹫ǰѣ˵չأҪ̫һȥ̫󡢱ºͻʺ밲
⹫ǻʺרŰŹģҲֻĻƳȥ֡
ƳһҪױ÷壬ߴٵ߰ɣȥ밲
մ֬δ÷ʩ̫ӴߵһһʱЩ֪룺С»ͷһ밲ȥأ
ƳСױ磬Ǻã
ǲ֪ôʱͼ÷ȡϵֱָ֬˼£ֱ˫յĵطȾһЩվ̫ӵ£߰ɡ
Ƴȥúܴ÷ֻȹӸȥ
÷üˤţһֱԹ̫Ҳǵģ˺úױҲͰˣĻô죿
÷·¡ط׷ŷƳһ֮ľ뻹ԽԽԽȹӷߡ
С㡭̫æ˳ƺ׷̫ˣ
׷ˣߡһˤˣŪԼǱ͸ˡ
ǵ̫ӵô죿
δʲôÿɫ
ҪȥӸ̫밲÷Ȼ֪Ӹ⹫ߡ
ӸУ̫͹ȥˣڵкȲ衣
ྲ̫ϣ޶ϲɫ
÷߽Уй֮񣬿аգȴδ̫Լ
÷ֻüš
ã̫̫һ밲̫Ӻ棬ٳٲ
÷ʱ򣬾ѾΪ̫ܵ׼
̫Ϣŭϱߵ´λߵÿЩ
̫ɫδƣŰƼ̫ӽ϶в죬ǲʲô飬ǵ̫˲ˣ
̫ϱδʲô顣
ûΪ̫ӲԸͬУ
÷岻֪λش⣺֪̫ΪβԸͬУ
̫ĬΪĬϣѵŮ䡷˵˳֮֮Ҳ˳Ҫǫ˳ӣҪ֪ͣΪ̫Ͳᱡ֮⡣˳̫ӣͻִǵ̫ӷŭ졣̫ӲԸͬУȻ㻹˳
̫µĴȫ÷ͷϣɷ˵һ˵̣÷ƣҪ⣬ȴƳһԵķƳȻվ
̫Ļ̫󣬸ʺĸ󻹵ȥ밲ȥˡ
ȥɡ̫Ǵ顣
Ƴߵ÷ԱߣϽȥĸ밲
÷ԭΪԼûϵô˵֮ʱѾԼ
̫㲻ͬУûȥôƳЯ̫ͬǣ̫̫һȥʺĸ밲ˡ
ԭ÷˵̵̫󣺡ȥɡ
ӸƳûǰǰߵôˡ
Ϊ˯û㲻ӻ泩¯ѳĲҲɢ࣬Ҳûôˡ
̫߰˵̣ĪϣֻĻǶԷ缴ɡƳһ䡣
˽̫˽ĸܣ̫ܻ֮ЩģҲǸġƳϲ̫߶ӣƽҲӸȥǴͷձ밲Ų
ְ÷壬ҲֻΪ̫ⷢӣֶ˵ûꡣ
±ʹ÷壬ҲֻܹûܽԼͻȻ̫Լвˡ
÷ͬлл̫ѡȻ鱾𣬵ְܳ˵ĵػǲģûƢô
ȥ·ϣƳչ˲÷壬ͣͣģû÷̫ࡣ
һʵۺͻʺѾڵˡ
Ƽͬһ߽һ˹һ˫ûʵۺͻʺ鲻ԽЦ˻
̫ͬ÷˵̣ʺ󷴵߶Ƴ̫һЩ黹̫ϤҪҪ۸
Ƴһ䣺֪ˡ
ԵĶר̫ɣʵ˵ȥĴתתϤϤĻ
Ƴ֣֪ˡ
ۺԷƳ˵Щ֮󣬱ֹػһ÷壬ǻعˡ
ŷΪ׼ţƳռһʳһ䲼ŵ̫ࣺôôʳ
̫սսʺǰ˵̫أԶ౸Щ
÷Ҳز˶ЩԲô࣬ǷƳ𣬸պÿԽ˳ȥ̫Ժֻ׼һͺã˷ʳ
Ѿ÷Ƴ׼ˣû뵽Ƴֻǡšһֻĳ
÷Ҳֻó֮󣬲ŽǸʳ̫еǰԺ󲻱׼ôزˣÿ׼治˷ʳ
һԵķƳꡱЦһ
Ǳߣʺ⹫̫Ӻ̫ͬ
⹫ʵϰҹ̫ҪǰԺ鷿Ъ£ҹʱ֪Լһֻ޵̫ͬ˯һ𣬵δϵİϲɸɾʾȷʵδͬ
ʺգɾÿģ̫ӵӣ̫һѾܲˡû£ż
⹫ͬ˵˽̫̫һȥӸ̫밲飬̫̫һ
ʺֻ̫Ƴ̬ȷϣ̫÷ĵ̬ȣȴûʺЩ΢
̫󲢷ǲ֮ͨˣҲ֪ƳƢӦܲµ÷ûƳһ̤ӸΪƳһζָ÷أ
÷»һ˲ӣҿͲƽϣǸСģͿ޿ˡ
Ϊʺ˸ۣ⹫⼸¶ȥţ̫Ϊ÷壬÷мܲסʱ򣬾
÷òȢĶϱ̫Ҳܻٲúûţ۸˿ô죿
ǱߣڷƳ÷ţƳδո˵ǰ㣬÷ڹתתԹȥ鷿ȥˡ
÷Ҳں·ϣԼȥʹ˵԰÷ɽ軨ˣǴȥ
֪ջ·Ӹˣ˵̫жҪ̫
÷ӹ飬һǡŮ䡷һǡѵ
̫˵̫̫ϣ೭д鲢챳
֪ˡ÷彫ݸһλŮȰȥ԰ߣд
պôʱ⹫Ҳˣ˻ͼ÷⹫ȥʹĴˡ
Ӹ̫ȥ̫ͬ
ʱв죿
̫̫޲졣
ԸⳭд
̫ԸⳭд
̫⣬ʣʱʼ𣿡
̫ȥ԰ˣ˵ٳ
ٳϼǸû̫Ļϡ
̫÷ϱʵǲ̫ġ
֮ǰͬ˵÷λ۶࣬ǸˣͰܻĵʵ㲻ϴ
˵Ƿ̫֮ӷŵļϲˣһңмĺ껪ء
̫ûʵۺͻʺȥ£û뵽ȴ÷˹÷ˣҲ÷ҰܻЩԭͳġ
Ϊ˳Ӹһߣ˵÷оȨգ޵İƽȴֻǸоλĺүȨףΪ˲÷Žڵ˵ɰ׵ģ׵˵ɺڵġ
̫һʱ㲻ף÷ӡȴǻ
֮󣬾ʵͬ˵ͻʺ÷Σ⣬붫̫
̫󵱼ʾͬ⣬ȶɻʵ۸ûڶ㽫ͻʥּȥ˽÷̫Ӵ˻顣
̫룬÷廹Ǻļơ
밲ʱ̫밲ٹѣһôһҲһƢԡװùɣܵѵҲһԣû뵽ȥ֮ͱģдŮ䡷͡ѵȻȥ԰
ʵš
˿֪̫뷨÷԰ÿġ
ȻѾ죬԰üãඬʢĻֲ
Ͷ˹ˣһͤЪţŮȲ͵ģ÷һţͤⲻԶһʯ棬иԲԲԴ¶۾ҲԲģ۰Ͱ߳š
÷кԷƺԥһڻǴʯͷ˳ĥĥ
һԲСԼĪʮꡣ
⹫һƣͬ÷Сݹϥµ
һ˹ؿ÷塣
÷ͬкʲô𣿡
ҽ̶СЩɬҲССģϸϸģԲԲӲ̫˭ڹûм㡭
⹫÷壺λȢ̫
̫ѽСﶢһԼȴˣ㳤ÿ
ӵĻ˷ԷθĿģҲɰ
û뵽С⻰ȴͷСҲɰ֡
Сӱͬĺ˵ȷʵԲ࣬СһҲûʲôģ÷尲ο㻹Сٹ꣬Ȼͻġ
𣿡С̧ͷ۾ģһ𣿡
÷峣أϸΪ̫ãܾԲһЩһֻҪ㽡ͺá
ĸ˵ŮҪݵĲźÿĸ˵̫ˣһֻ׼ҳһٷһ˵ţСµ
÷һһֻܳһٷۣеĵĸȳԵ
СֻһĴһۣſͳ
÷СĵӵģԼԷԲ͵͵ܳҶԵġֵԺٶӶȥң˸Ҳֵᷢʳġ
Сҧŵģмֱͷ
Ƴʱ鷿п飬˵ǿ飬ʵֻһ鷢
Ͼմ飬ϡͿؾͳˣģ
˵ǳ鿤ǰ»ϲ
Ƴ룺ʲôϲģ
̫ӴǡƳ˵
湬˴̫ӣ̫ȥˣûء
Ƴ飬ɫԥش鷿ţ̫ȥˣ
ȥ԰ˡ
Ǹġ
ƳӦˣ÷岻ڣƳֻԼȥӴĸǣȻ˸Ͻ̫һ
ϲģ÷Ц
һ̫ͷŵͻ֮δ֦ڣ鿤޸˷ŵ
ȻΪȥǸһһֱûţԸ޸ŵҲһ
ֻû뵽ųûã÷徹ȻܻʼҴͻ̫
һ䶯ǣĸǰȴΪɵķƳһ˿ϲöûУ˼ǰӣԼ֮ǰŮ飬÷˷޸̫Ҳ䲻ʲôá
ڵк˺һżƳ֣鵭ĮͬǴкĸ㡭
վЦӭ˹ȥ̫ӣĸϲˣ
ƳסŲͬšһƹ
ӦĮȻеΣϾӣҲûϡ
̫ӣĸҲǿ㳤ģ񿴵Ȣ޳ɼˣʵ㻶ϲڵɨ˼ۣʣ̫أûһ𣿡
һƳ
һۣЩԵ˼˵һˣһţ̫ίʵԵĸһ۾òƷԣйŮܼ
Ƴ豭һڲ裬ûӦĻ֪˵ʲô
ԼĻûκηӦԹ˵ȥ뵱̫ǵʱ򣬾еſýˣͰ͵ȥ˵ס
Ƴζʲô⣿
˵ҲЦ粻ǻδ𣬵ĸҲҹýȥ˵ףǰ̫۹أ˭ҲûϡҪĸ˵̫ȼ֮ѡͨſˣﻹ빬̫ء
Ƴ˹Ůһۣʾ衣
鿤˵ĸ˵ˣ̫ôʸ֦أĸѵˣ̫ǿŵء
ƳŮûİʾ
һ䣺̫ǰأǷŵҲǸΪ̫ҪӰ̫Ƕͷء
һһ͵˵꣬ȥƳķӦ
ƳڰˣӶǹŮվһ׼ô裡
Ůŵɫ֣̿æܹ˲豭ȥ
鿤ҲһӦֲϲ̫ǷŵĻ̫ŭˡ
ǵ»
Ϊʾǲ˵ģ÷̫̫ʵ
̫ˣԺеһߺ˳Ļ
⹫ġ
⣬һԺбƺ˵̫Ļǹһ䣬˱졣
÷Ƴڲܹĸͱ룬վͬ˵̫ǣһ£ȳȥˡ
÷ԺƳ˸棬Ƴüëһţͬ˵Ѱ˱ǣ̫ࡣ
÷ǡƳ鷿
÷߽ڣ鿤ʲôһ㡣
ڵݣҲ˳ƺǣĸ㣬Ǿõˡ
̫ǵһҲ޷ġ
÷˳ǵĻȻĸͱ㲻ƽϣҾͷˡ
鵱棬Ȼ˵Ļֻǹͬ˵ϲԵҲû顣
÷屾Ҳ֪ôͬ죬ȻҪߣ÷Ҳͣ Ȼûб飬Ͳĸͱˡ̫糿飬Ҵ㳭һ顭
鿤뿪˽װһģȻͷ޵ġ
ߺ÷Լ׼ī׼д̫顣
̫Ҫдùתȥֽ
÷һ߷飬һ˵̫Ȼ˵ҪҳдҲһֲдȨˡ
ʱǸƳȥݲĹŮһյ÷պÿˣùŮѲ¡
Ը֮Էûж̧ͷһƣȴǹŮҪһ㡣
ôˣ÷
̫Ůŵɪɪ̫ҪĲ衭˵ֹ̫ˡū澸̫͹ȥ֮󣬻ٸ̫һ
ȸ̫͹ȥɣ鷿÷ɣֲʲô£ù򡣡
Ůм㣺ū澶л̫¡ƽʵڱ̫ӵƢˣû뵽̫ôƽ⡣
ŲϽȥ鷿սս̫ӷ˹ȥ
̫һڣûзŭһ
Ҫ׼ȥʱȻֳ̫̫ȥ𣿡
ǹŮæ̫ӣ̫δȥ׼顣
ʲô飿
ū澲ʶ֣̫顣
šúõĳʲô飿
ûٳȥͺãʡˣҪд
ȷʵ½½ǰϲǸԺߴߴģƳԸȥ÷Ҳûܾ顣
ȤһȥҹҪ׼˯ʱ÷忴̵Լϵͷ÷ֿʼð
ϣ֪Ƴ᲻
鷿һķƳ˽޵ѬĹŮ˹鷿ѬϺһ㡣
㻹鷿˯
ŮؾصذѬãʰ׵鷿ź˶ȥˣģֻзƳһ鷿С
Ƴϣ۾׼˯
һյĹȥˡ
һʱȥˡ
һʱȥˡ
Ƴ˯ƲԣѬ㲻ԣ
޵У˷Ƴʱ÷˯£˯֮ǰѰϨˣΪ˯ôһƳٻҲܼʱѹ
ǳ˯߲֪˶ã÷˻̫ӵ¡һ۾Ťͷȥ޵ڳ˴˯ĹŮδ˽
Լ̫ˡ
÷尲Լһ䣬۾ֻ˯ȥ
֪ʱƳľվ⣬ԥҪҪȥ
ǽȥܾԼҹ޵Ϊ̫|
ǲȥ½鷿շתһҲ˯š
תһ룬޵Ӧ˯ƾʲôȥأ
С̫һֱ޵ķţֻһ䡰ǲ
Ƴм˾ʾС̫࿪š
ſش֬󻬣ԼǴ򿪷ţҲûκ졣
Ƴ̧߽ȥں̺ȥ
÷˯ڴ࣬ճ˴ƬλãһδıӡԼһţƺѾ˯죬ûв
˯ĹŮæ񣺡̫ӵ¡
Ƴȥһ÷ĺ͹ˣٶһﴭ
ƳŮߣԼۺЬӣƿ֮󣬲ŷ޵İ㲻֪ʲôʱϨˣζҲѾɢòˡ
ζÿԺԲƣһζࡣ
ƺһֶص̴ľζ󴼺ͣԼ͸һܰ㣬Ų塣
Ȱࡣ
Ƴ˯µʱƺҲŵζ

ƳѾ˯⣬֣Ż谵ȥѰ͵͵ȼ㡣
ѰĴ֮ǰѬǸ¯δб¯
ζߣܽǡ
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˵޵жʲôҲͶһɡ
ѲʲôңŻ
Ƴӣϸȷζȷʵϴ
ûж룬ְϵıƿ뿴Ҳص˺δ
֪ƿӣͼ÷һµ־ֵֿؿͰ˵̫̫ӵ¡ҡ檡û׼׼á
ƳųһͷŷӦƺԼ
ҹȥıӣȷʵ˶롣
ҲǣûС͵ֻ㡭
ԷĿˡ
ϵ
Է̬
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026

÷ڹŮ̫ӵ¡ʱ, ѹˡ
ԭΪԼˣ漴˿ϢϮ֪, ֹ̫ˡ
һʱ, ɴװ˯
Ůϳȥʱ, Ķ
漴·ЬӵĸO@Լ
÷۾û, , ޱĶҲûӦ˯ˡ
÷尵һԼӦòԼʲô˯ȥ
֪иһ, ֮
÷һֽҪʲô
ǰֽЩ֮Ķзɿֳŵͬһ֧ҵĹ, ƿԼӵһ̵̫̫ӵ¡ҡ檡û׼׼á
̫ƺҲһҲ, û, ֻšϵ
÷һǵͨ, ǶԷ̫, Լķ, һ䡰ͽӡ
ѾףʲôҲʵþܾ
ƳڴϺһһ, ǽˣ
÷ǰŲԼĪһСָͷôľ롣
Щ
СĴָôľ롣
Ƴīֱӽ˹
÷ŵõ۾ĬԵԵʻᣬעڽӣ˳Ȼ˳Ȼ
ƳսᣬܿҵζԴ
һ顣
ǴģƳʡ
÷۾飿
Ǿʦ̫볼檵ġ
ģ
ǣ͵ġ
šƳǴԲķ飬ɷȥһ۶Ҷ¡
Ҫʲô
˯ţζƺ԰˯
÷԰ǰҹߣΪйľˡ
½˯𣿡˯ţٸо
Ӧ˯šƳһ۷飬ɿ󣬡˯ɡ
á÷ؾ£гһ
ԭҷԼˡ
÷彫黻Ƴһֻϣ˯¡
Ϊ⴮ӵԭ򣬵ڶ˯òķƳ̬Ҳࡣ
÷룬ж˵̫Ƣ꣬ʵԸʹȻ᲻Ϊ˯߲ãвŷģ
Ƨģ̫Ӳ˵ҲЦݡ˵̫ǰһز֮ͱ˸һ㣬Ӻǰͬ
ǲǾʲôδ֪Żˣ
Ȼɻ󣬵÷岢ûϾȻѾףǷ޹ϵվ˶㲻ϣҪʣҲҪȵɱ˴ˣܳ顣
һɺһȥӸ̫밲
һһȥģ̫ͬ˼䣬鳭Σ
÷ʵϲ˶࣬ų˰뱾鲻
̫ɫһݣûճ飬ô˵㻹ȥ԰һ⣿
̫ϱǰûȥ԰кȥ
㵹Ǻ¡
÷̫еĲã̫ΪǿԼ
̫ϱʲôطò𣿡÷幧ʵ
⻰Ǿûʲô𣿡̫˶ӣҲ˽㣬㳭дУ㵹ãȥ԰ûѰҷ
÷͵ϱû˼ֻǾóȥһ䣬ٳдҲ󡭡
ԽԽڵĽͣȻ̫ɫѿˡ
ƳȻվ÷Ļ̫ǻ£Ͳ徻ˡ
̫Ҳûôɫˣƣһ˵̫䣬ͼŴߣô£̫죿
Ƴص¡
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Ҫȥ԰
̫һҭ
̫Żͣûܹ̫ãȥúùһ䡣
̫ˣ̫ӣںͰҽа𣿡
ƳûٻĻߵ÷߽ˡ
÷û뵽ΪԼֱӺ̫ײû뵽˴󵨣ֱ̫ӽߡ
쾪֮ʣƳѾ׽̫ŭĿӣֱ߳Ӹ԰ȥ
̫ӣҪȥ԰𣿡
ȥ
ǳ檻Ҫȥ顭
ó
̫𡭡
˰ͻȥͲˡ
÷壺Ȳغ
Ƴ˵ȥ԰Ĵȥ԰˵˰黹̫󣬾İ黹ȥˡ
¾⹫˻ʺĶУʺ˺ôһ
⹫ǵʺ̫̫˳ɼҪҪ̫ͽͣ
Ҳȥ͡ʺЦ̫޽֮ǰŸôС飬̫һ̫ͣӾ֪ԼϱˣǺ¡˵̫ԽǶ̫ã̫Խ̻ýء
ɳ̫̫ɼ̫ܵΪѡ
ᣬбԱ߶أ¡ʺϲӯӯ˵̫Ҳûʲô޵ĵط̫Ϊ˳Żˡվüģ̫ôõĹ̫Ժῴġ
˵鿤ȥϲ֮ȥӸʺ뵽̫֮ԻΪ÷壬ĸŮٲ˸ϵ
ţ̫÷̫ӵĹϵȴ˷Ч
ʺ룬̲סЦ
÷ͷƳ׵ĵ죬ŻҪؽһˡ
ظʺ˱ã÷һЩŷƳδ𴲣ϴһֵȵü겻ױ
Ͼǳ׺һλظʢױȥźýи׺Ѧġ
ΪĻᳳѷƳ÷ȥ޵ԶһЩķϴױʱǴߣ÷ƳŲ̴ζ
֪ŸϴͭǰͼƳһ·ĳ
ʲôʱƳɫԥ
ܾ֮࣬÷ʱţͿԳˡ
аʱƳͿ֬ȥ˯һ
Ŀ֮£÷ֻվص޵˯˰ʱ
˯ǰһ۶˶˷ߵǴ飬֣ķ̫ӻأ
룺Լ𴲵ʱֳЩ̫ӳ˰ɡ
ʱ󣬷Ƴ˯ѣ÷˯ǳ֮Ҳˡ
Թ֮÷ۿʱˣŷƳǰ㲻˵ӣֻö˵ױˣú֬Ҿͺá
ƳȴȻ˵ȥױȥԺߡ
÷屶оȣл̫ӡ
ϺױΣ֮ʱѱԤʱһʱ䡣
ϾǻԼңһҲûʲô
Ƴǲں˯ñãͬ÷ؽʱҲûбֳʲôͷıȻɲ࣬Ǻ÷ദȻͬһȥ򲡲ܳ÷ҩζѬÿɬŵķҲû¶õû˯þ÷Ĵʯͷ
÷ԭڽԹ֮ȥһˣһĸףȥݼʦ̫ʦ̫ûз飬һƳ
ڽԹѽ磬ڽ⣬ȥҪһʱͷ磬ǻصʹ֮Ҫˡ
иĵԼ죬Ҫʱ֮ǰȥ
÷ͷƳڽ԰緹Ҫع
Ҳһġ
ΪϢķƳڶ쿪ʼҪø硣
Ҫӽ쿪ʼ糯糯֮ҪѧȥĻϿΣҪȥһˣҪȥһ˹ʹݣг̰ŵ÷ƳЩͷ
ҹ˯£÷岻뿴˯
ѷߣԼȥԱ߿顣
ߵ̴ľڱǼ䣬µ˶ӰǰƳаһƬ㱾һĻǰڷ棬ǸСڷԱߣס˵ߣߡ
лҪ˵+2

027

ƳһֱǹһСԪ⡱С, ֻм֮Եӡ
ǰһŮɮΪֻ̫ڹסն뿪ˡ˯ǰԼо, ѵ˯ĺþ
Сߺ, ûȥѰ, ȵѰ֮ʱȴҵԼļ, ȥ, Դ˱û֪䡣
Ƴ¶÷壬͵⹴񾲵ӣü֮䶼ӡеǸСӡ
о֮⣬ȻҲǸСˣȴȢһƵ̫
Ƴ룬ҲİҲǲġ
ڶ컹δʱ, ̫͹Ƴ𴲡
Ƴ˯磬ʶҲȽ
÷Ҳ̫, ˯۸, žһӵı, ŹŮһƳ
Ƴͷ۾ҪԼ·, Ժģ, ƽŵһ˿ĵģ, Ƕ˼ֿɰ
ͷҲ˯΢ңϻм鷢Ķ΢΢ζ, ̲סͷ⼸鷢ʵһЩ
Ƴĳطƺһ£סҪͷĳ嶯뵽˯ñԼȥ˯
÷ǿž˵½ȴƳϵˡ
֮Щ˼
ϵ÷Ŭؽ۾һЩ׼ȥϵ´ȴȻڿգǱƳᱧ
˯Ƴڴϣ
ԴǣҲϲ˵̫໰Ѿͬ˵һΣֻܶˡ
һĴϣӿ˯ƲסһϮ÷島Ӹϣһ䡰л̫ӡ۾˯ȥ
˵˯˯ı£зƳĽһ˼ûз´ŵˣŻ˯졣
޵֮󣬷Ƴһùǲ̫˯ȥ糯ˡ
÷һ㱾Լƺ˯ͷ޵ûκˣһƿŽ̫ˡ
ʲôʱˣ÷ʡ
ʱһ̶ˡ
÷һˣҪȥ̫밲˯˿ʱ
̫Īţղȥ밲ˡЦŵǻӸѾ˹˵ӽ̫ÿȥһΰɡʺǱҲģµʱúչ̫ӡ
ţ÷屶ɻ
̫⼸ն̬ȣռûȥ밲ȻҪٹȥ˵һģĲûйÿȥ밲أ
֪ǣ밲Ĳ̫󣬶ǻʺ
Ƴϳȥʱһ̫˯𣬹ʶ˭Ҳûȥ̫޵Թվţ̫Լ
÷쿴𾭿Щûȥ𴲣˯ͷ
⹫۳ŵ˸ȥ밲ʱ̴ֲ÷壬Ǳȥ¸˻ʺ
ʺһ̫̫˯һģ뵽˱ģĪѾ̫ͬŻۣ
˭Ҳҽ޵ȥƣ²ҹ̫Ӻ̫ûͬ
ʺϲûУ֪Լ̫ˣ˵˵Ĺϵֽһã֪˾û
⹫ʺ֣˰ʺ̫Ǳߡ
ʺȥһӸ̫ͬġ
̫Ӻ̫ûͬʺȨ˵̫
̫󣬻ʼò̫࣬ò׳ˣҪŬСʱСҹ˯밲ҲǸʽֻҪТΪҲͲں벻밲ˣ˵ǲǣʺ˽̫ⷬȰ˵Ҳ·ϸϸ˼ġ
̫Ϊ쵽˵Ҳ÷밲Щãʺôһ˵밲ȷʵ뾡챧С̫ܳʵף÷Ȼôۣ̫ӵҲֻҪܾΪʼã벻밲ģҲͲôƽˡ
̫ȥ̫Ժȥһΰǣն
⹫ĽȻһֽоԼع»
ˣ÷岻ûȥ밲ҲûܸϷƳš
򵥳ЩȥּһףȻҾʦ̫һʷ顣
ʰ׵֮⹫˼㻤ˡ
ȥмףͬһЩ빬֮顣ûܵ۸ο澲ʦ̫ĻԶ˵ˣᱣƽ⡣
̫Ӻһ֢֮⴮ɢ̴ζ˯ţֵͦġ
̴㱾аĵĹЧõİҲ̴ľ
ҪҪԴ⴮˯һζҲãȥҾʦ̫ҪһЩ
ţҵζԺ̴ζû̫𡭡
÷ù緹֮󣬱˴ŷ˯һ
ʱ˴Ӵ黹Ҵƺûá
û˯𣿡
ûС˵ǲ̫ɡ
˯ʱĸٴԣ
ؽȥ֢֮Ĳ£ûôġȻ̫ã㻹ûȥ̫Ӱɡ
÷˵ĲƼµ࣬۵⼸ǲǶû˯ã
Լɫ㲣ƳҲûˣ᲻ãȷʵ˯ò̫á˵ЦվǷˣ㾲ʦ̫õˣԪ뿪ʱҲû˯ء
÷ûȥԼĪ֪ĸ׵Ĳʲô
ͬ˻죬÷ȥݼʦ̫
ʦ̫Цݿ䣬ϸϸһ飬Ȱ⣺ɫݹش˷ԵҪøжúϧ
÷صͷ̫ദ⼸գв˿ǰƢȻЩҲǸΪѵġϲദûǢ
ԵҪԵǰ򣬴˷ƹ
Ҫлʦ̫⴮飬̫ӿܻҪһЩʱദõ
飿
÷̧󣺡̫Ӻһ֮ţʦ̫ҵ⴮̴ζأ̫žܺܿ˯
һɽ̴ľĥɵģǰһλĸɮһ飬һһԪ⣬⴮ʦ̫Ըо棬һֱ֪龹ĹЧ
÷ԭ࣬򾲰ʦ̫һ̫ӣ񾲰ʦ̫ҲֻʣһȻ˼ٿҪȻʮָмЩɷ滤ӣʦ̫񰮣˹صԵ˳죬治֪θлʦ̫
Ĳ֮ĸֶǿԼġʦ̫һ䣬ĸֲŸոտʼۺ켵֮ˣúáԾǻ۵࣬СˣҲ࣬һ۾ܿԺҪǡ
лʦ̫ѣġ
ʱˣ÷׺;ʦ̫󣬱ɽعˡ
ʦ̫ȥˣԼǴ
˵дߵĹЧ⴮㣬ҹԡ
ллʦ̫⣬ֻǽҴԹҲá
Ǳˣ˵̫ƺá
˶졣
ʦ̫룬ֵ̫˯Ĳ飬أ
***
÷˻ʳ֮ڻػʹ·̫ӵ
ϳҪҪ̫ͣͬӴк
Ȼպ˷ƳȻװ
ͣƳҲͣ
ƿϵӣƳĳϵҲﲻзƳм꿺Ὥۡ
̫ӵ£÷˵檽ճˣҪع
Ƴֻһ䡰š
ȴʮ̫Ǻ̫ӵҪȥʹݣҪҪһ𰡣
ǷƳı֣Ÿ˻Ծ
÷ЦЦҾͲȥ鷳ˣҪȥˡǰΪ鿤飬꿻ͬ÷ֹ죬񵹷֣ҲǸˡ
鷳̫ȥʹ֮ҲҪعģһ𡣡˵գȥߥ޷Ƴ̫ӣȥֱ̫ȥ̫ϣ
ͬһеὭЩϲؿһۣԹСү̫ˣ̫ӽΪĶǹ£̫²ס
꿲ΪȻȥʹתתûʲôҪ¡̫ӣȻҺȥ̫
ὭۿƳ
Ƴ꿺ὭѾµʱȥʹݿһ
ȻֻǵһֱڶûϢʱЩƣϱĿЪϢƬ̣ʻҲҡΣ˯ţöͷʹʱû뵽÷
꿲˵Ҳȥ÷ЪϢһġ
ȥ÷廻֮󣬷Ƴǣ⣬ҹȥ
˵ͬ÷Ǹϳ˵˾䡰ȥʹݡ÷ĳ
÷û뵽ҲҪһȥ𣿡
ƳԱ£˹ʹݣңȥ
áĿռ䲻ԼЩ÷ЩʣԱŲһЩŸնһ£ͱƳס
𶯣Ƴбб˹ȥƣؿļͷĿϢ˽ҡ
÷ֱͦ˵С֧á
лҪ˵+3

028

÷ϳ˵һ, Щ·̫ӿ˯òá
ٶŵ꿺Ὥ۵Ҳࡣ
꿼̫Ը̫׽, ÷е, ŵȥʹ, ȥ÷ǸСƨ̫Ӻ̫Ĺϵǲġ
, Ƽû, ̫һ̫ż·ءֺǺǵ
Ὥ۰һۣɵĺ¡
ؿڳϣֵԺ󣬲ô̫˰
Ὥεʲô˵ģ̫Ӻ̫Ͷ, ȻǸ˵ġ
ǰû̫Դ, ôƢ𣿡˵, ԭôð, Ҳˡ
ɰ, û㡣Ὥ, ҲЩǺ
̾˿ôûңĸ׾š
ĸΪ㣿
ϲһСѾͷƬ, öˣĸ̫䲻ңһֱͬ⡣
Сү, Ҳɲ𣿡
ĸǿƣҷҪȢţĸ׶ҪʹֶΪ
ὭţҲͦͬģǾûбİ취𣿡
ĸ˵ҪȢҲǲУҪȢһŵԵޣ檡˵˵ĸŵԵŮ˿ϼ޸ίҷҲԳ֮¾һֱ¡
ὭۿɢؿڳϣŶȶ˶һӵܵģȢǸҲŵԵĴҹϼ޸
꿳һСүݣϸûĵطֵñĹ޸
Ὥ۴ĵǿ꿵ģΪ竲ϽΪӵе˳˳ˮҪŬܵõԶҲòĶԱԼһٵľ޴ΣΣѩһ㣬ԽԽòʱ̷š
˶ֻةݣ˭֪ǻ֮УһҪķĻŵϹӴϢ
Ҫܹˡ
õԼгһձ𴩣жڣ
뵽Ὥֽ꿵ϡ
ȢһŵԵĹΣҪ
ԭҪ̫ӣվǳ֮ƣ
Сүһѡŵԣ֮檣ҾԲԴףҲί
һȤŮˣ
Ὥ۵ͷС
ЩѴܰæĪ˵ȢһС檣Ȣʮ˸ҲԲκԹԡ
Щɣ㶺أôܻȵŮˣ
Ҫ⣬ܼ޸㡣Ὥһν͵
£꿼ɫ棬Ѱ˼˵λĪòªк
òпɣ
ǡ䵽ĵز֪Ҫģûһλ޸˭
Ὥ۳ĬƬ̣ҡ
꿣
Ὥۣһá
꿣ˣΪ˵Լ
ὭӣΪĳԭԼݣܼ޸㣬ͲҪеݱ¶ĺǿԻݻһݣİĹΪ檣֮ɺ롭
ˣֱĺ£ҿǿǡ
***
˹ʷݵſڣ÷˷Ƴ
ѡ
Ƴ۾ӡ
Ȼ˯һСƣѾࡣ
̧ಱӣƳ÷ӱֱֱģΪпЩʹֱӶˡ
ɵ
Ƴ꿺ὭҲŴ
ʱ꿲ˤ鿴ҲЩ㱣֪ʲô
ƳҲʷݾͿҪչݵʱˣǵÿЩȥ
˽˹ʷݣĹԱǰ֪̫ҪѾǰһ
ڹʷ飬㲻жʵȨԱҲ߸ʮܻʵӣΪǲҪʷ飬Ҫ¼£ܹҵ伮ְƿѡףҲͨѡһλʷݴ꣬ܵõ
걻ѡʷģǷ̫֮ӷŵǽİۣǰЩӸȢ˳Ů鿤нԵĴռһ룬ίʵǰ;޿
ŵŷƳڹʷݲιһȦϢúܺãι۽֮Ҳպõ˱չݵʱ䣬Ƴͷŵһͬ˳ǵ֮󣬱
ʷݵĹԱվſڣĿ̫뿪
Ƴƿϵͬǻ˻֣ʱԱǲ͸֣̫ȻҲС
ڼλԱУһλڿ÷ʱΪ𾪣˺һ𺰡̫ӣ̫
Ƴ÷һ⣬ͬǵͷ
÷ĿɨŵҲֻɨδͣ
ŵϵ𾪻ʧ䣬оÿɬ־ЩЦ
ʻƳӡ
ע⵽ŵıƺЩɻ󣬵̫ࡣ
÷ֱֽͦ£˯𣿡
˯ˡ
÷彫ժݵǰҽȥֿĸףҲȥ˾ʦ̫ԭٸһģʦֻ̫ʣһˣҪ⴮㡭
ءƳְȥžǣҪһ˯
䣬е˱仯ƳֻϣƺƵһ˻ȥ
÷彫´ϣ⣬ҲЩ̫Ȼ
ĬãƳԺһֱĪ˵ĻȻ׽ʲô㷽˵ȥ
ͻȻ÷ŵһ֡
֣ƳжȻĸ֣
ǰ÷岻ΪҪظ⡣
ƳڳǰĸͬĹ÷飬ʱеִȥֻ˸ţ˵÷׺ĸסУԼҵĹﶼһ
Ժ󣬷ƳҲδȥ˽÷壬죬˵֡ĪСסľ֣
ǰ˵ǸСԪ⡱Сӵ䣬֪Ҳס֡
Ƴ÷ļ͵ǰȻʱСֻʮңüۻδȴǰˡ
𣿡Ƴ
÷岻ʲô
ǰҲΪ̫ǲǣ
÷һ
ǰ棬Ҷ˯ǸСӣǲ㣿
¡÷ͷһʱ֪òó¡
ΪСľˣǲ㣿
÷ͷ˼µء
ǰǶԪȥģǱ֪꾲ʦ̫˹ˣһ˽Ϊ̫ʦ̫᲻ܵ𷣣
ǲϣ̫Ѿϳָνͣ
ţرһֻֽ̧
Ƴ˫סض˵㣬Ҿţ˵㣬ҲšֻһΣԺ󶼲ʡ
÷ҡڲã˾ģǡ
лҪ˵+10086
賿ǿҵĴ䣬һСʱٸֵᡭ


029

÷شꡰǡ֮, ƼƳɫвɾηӿһŹƽ
, ΪβЩͬ˵ʡ
÷ҧҧ촽, ʵΪ檸²졣
ǰδϹ, ǵڣ, ȥ֪
, ֱ治أųϣҲ˺ܴģĳµĺǺõġ
Ƴ졭ȻʧЦ
תһ룬˵ҲԣȻ˳, ȴԶԷ֪֮١
ֻ֪ԼеСӳú֪÷, ϲ, ȴδϵ, ܶһЩ, Ҳڲ֪ԼһֱǹŵСӡ
, ֪, Ҳ
÷СһۣԾı飬ȴ¶ʱ, ӦǺܺõӡ
÷Ƽ̬˵̫ӵ£ܷһ飿
ʲô飿
ǰԪݽ鲻Ҫκˡ÷͵ԭʦ̫ҪԪģֻԪȻѲó檵һ̫ʺ֪Կ̫ӱܡ
á˵Լ죬ûͬ˵£ǵ
ƳӦҪתͷȥ⣬Īúܿġ
ع֮󣬷Ƴʵ۽ȥ鷿͹ʹ֮ȥĸְ
Ƴϲѡ˹ʹݡ
ʵ۵ͷӦʣҲȥʹݣٹЩӾҪˣһļ䣬ͽȥ׼

ŶˣҲҪˡ
Ҫ
ԭҪμĴģ·µˣ˼գӦþܽˣҲ׼Ӵһ¡
ǡ
Ƴʵ鷿̸ʱ÷ڶ̳Զ
ǰ԰ʱ÷֪ĸΪһֻ׼һٷ㶣ԺӶʱԼ
շֻһţźŶûĳԣʵڶܲˣ͵͵պõ÷壬˹
÷һЩɫȴЩ԰ףǶ̫ˡ
ŷѾţ÷ȸʢֽ࣬ԼԵز˶˹
ǸЩС˵ģ˳ȴҲЩѼ⵰ζ١
̫ɩɩֱԵöûôˣڳ˵ǧҪĸԷ顣
ãҲߡ÷׼ԸͬԷĹ˵һû뵽ݹѾŮҹˡ
̿ݹˣŵ붼ˣӵӵꡣ
ݹ˿ڳԶʱŭ𣬵÷̫ݣԼԱ߻վŻʺǲ⹫ҲֻýŭţǰЦӯӯ̫ҹ̶ȥ
Ƿ̵ĸףҪԼĺߣ÷Ȼûģǿŵӵ²ͬݹ˶˵˼䣺Сǳӵʱ򣬼ʵ飬ѭ򽥽ȽϺá
̫˵öԣ̫żЩݹ˵ţӣͬµķ˵̶ĸȥĪ̫徻ˡ
ӣҲȥĸҡ
⺢Ϲ˵ʲôأĸôأݹεؿ÷һۣӼȰ˵㲻ԷĸһЩ˾Ͳóˡ
𣿡ԵĶƺе㶯ģĸûƭң
̫⹫أĸƭأݹȥӳٶȥȾҪˡ
ŲŲӣɿݹ˵ʱһ˻ȥ
̶ԵĻĸҪˡݹŻ
ĸؿ˼ǲС֣ݹ˽˳
̫ұ̶ȥˡݹŷ̵֣ʮֿͬ÷˵
÷ͷݹߡ
ݹ˺ͷߺ÷⹫ݹ˻ȥ֮󣬻᲻
⹫ݹϥֻһӣǰʮ۰ҲŶϸҲΪðɡ
Ŷ
̫ǲģū˸ȥƣ
÷Щģӣܺݹˣ˵ݹ˻
Թȥưɡ÷˵
⹫ȥݹ˵ĹԷУȻݹ˲ûи׼֣ȴ˱ĵģ̳Եúܿģ÷ûʲô飬⹫ȥˡ
ûп⹫ߺݹһѴ˷еĸ㡭
Ƴ֮ͬصѾȫ÷ȴӰ
̫أƳһŮ
̫ȥݹǱˣ˵õţصŮȥƳĵӡ
ƳһϵĲˣδǾȷšҪȥ鷿
Ůһʱ²͸̫ӵ˼̫ӽյŲϿζأ̫һţ
ֻǷƳδ뿪÷⹫ˡ
Ƴӵ˷ֻصǰ
Ů͵͵룺ԭ̫ӵ²ӽŲθڣ̫һѽ
÷岻֪ΪƳոջͬһţЩˡ
һ죬ʵЩжȥױϴ֮󣬻ص޵ַƳѾˣ£ɰڴϿ顣
÷ԭΪʱӦ鷿飬û뵽ô͹ˡ
̫ӵ£ôҪ˯𣿡÷ʵ
Ƴ飬ͷҲ̧ءšˣջҪ𡣡
ԭҲ˯÷ΪˣǰϣҪôԼ˯Ҫô˯Ҫһ˯ֵֹܾġ
÷Ҳһ𾭣Ͽ
ſ˰ҳƳ㲻˯
÷סѿڶĹǷԷƳ˵˾ЪϢɡ
Ƴ̧ۿ÷黹Լϴš
ߵǰϣ£
Ƴȴûӣľ
Ŷá÷Ӧȥҡľ
СƳסͷóһŷƵֽݸ÷塣
÷չǰԼ뿪ʹʱΪƳдš
¾Ȼš÷循ȼˡ
šƳеϣһߣԼƺЩڴɡ
÷ɴڴϣֽ
Ƴ˺⣺ǰľָо
÷۾һģĪãʵҲͦɰġ
ڶ÷ʱƳλѾˣû˯ʱױ֮ȥ̫ͻʺ밲ˡ
̫ȻǱֳ̫ϲӣҲûôΪͬ˼ˡ÷ȥ˻ʺʺͬ˵һҾҪˣ÷Ϊ̫ʱҪͷƳһȥʳſӭӡ
ʲô𣿡÷ʡ
˵Ϊ˹̫ӵĴģʺ˼ʮ㱻ȻʲⷪפŹأôؾĴָǰ̫صʱһΣͻȻؾҲǱû뵽ġ
֮ĳӱ㵽ˣƳ÷ڻʳſʢװӴ
ǰȺˣһͬЩƣڶŶׯڵˡ
ǸɫȹĹñ˷ֱӴƺʲôȲһ㣬վӣ÷ķһıس˹
壡ǹһѱס÷壬
÷סɿȸԾǰЦõʱ÷˳
Ԫ⣿


030

÷гԪ⡱ֵʱ, Ƴһ˹ȥ
ɵԪʱֶȻ
ԭԪⰡ
ԼǰǸԪ⡱Ȼһ
ջ, ʱͺѾ˹, Ƴص, ·ˡ
ˬһЦ, ֻûܸ̫ӵĴ, ܾź
һԱŲֵ÷Ԫ⣬̫Ӻ̫ĪҪԪðʧӵŵ֪̫ӵĻ£Ԫ˵̫ʱһ𳤴ĽãǰЦʹϵġ
Ԫ÷, ϲ̵ģõѣ
һۣûûС, ֱ̫֣
Ԫؿ÷, ÷Ҳںν, Цͬ˵ûµ, Ԫʶܾ, ûôི
˵Ż, ˻ʳǣƳǰϣ÷Ԫһ, ʹʻȥ
Ϊǽӷϴ˻ʵۺͻʺ̫ͳǳϯƼŸİĹɶۡ
ѹ㽫ԪܸңӽԪ⣬ǳ檵ֶŮЩ과檵Ľͽѣ¿ĺӣѰ˺öҵ
Ԫһһ
ʺ˵Ǹĺӣ㣬ԺҲˡ
ʵ۶ԪֺܸȤ⺢ӵȡģʲôԢ⣿
ر£ԪǰֵʦԪ³߼񵽵ģȡԪ⡣˵Ԫ⺢һֱܸжʦǵʶһֱ֡
֣ʺȻǺϤģϾ÷Ҳסꡣ
̫Ҳֵ֣ǾǸ֣
ǰԪ⺢ǰǱʮ꣬л۸˵ţȻʲôƵģˣǰֵʦһΪ̫أ̫ĸҲʱҵȥŹأŮһ㸧
Ŷ̫һԶ˼־棬Ǵǻʺ޵ģʺ˵ʦиĳϵĺӣССҲǷΪоֻǰʱأûƼû뵽ӡ죬аҺơ
ЦŴߴԪ⣺ȥ̫ơ
Ԫ÷ķһۣס飬λվ̫ǱȥԪݼ̫ףٰ̫
̫ɽ˼ֺøУúӣ
Ԫߵ̫ߡ
̫ϸϲ⺢ӳöãСԲ۾Ҳ󣬿žԵġԪ⣬ˣ
̫󣬿ʮˡ
˼ˣ
Ԫһ죺δ
һԵĳҲԪˣԭΪǸֶͨŮˣû뵽Ȼ̫Ե֡
ӵһڷҲкܸߵ˵Ů̫ϹϵݣպҲ˲õġ
һ룬̫˵̫󣬾еĲſ࣬Ԫ˫˵ĺ껪߰£ҲԪ÷
Ԫ˵ȵػͷȥȴ˵̫˶ȻǶõģԪ⣬Ͻл̫󣿡
ԪֻýӲЦŻصԪл̫󡭡
÷忴Ԫ̫ĻģҲΪˡ
˵ԪΪ̫ʱ÷ҲԪϵΡ
Ͼϯ֪ģֻԪˡ
ǰ÷ûа·ϣǰƳ飬׿ڳϵԼȴֱ˵Ԫ⣬÷ЩģƳ᲻Լ˵ƭǾԪ˵ѣԪӡ󲻺ã
˼ţȻһͷȥǷƳ͵͵ץһ֣¡
ƺǡ
÷ƫĿ̫ԪķҲ˻ȥʲôûһ㡣
÷кȻůࡣ
ϯ󣬷ƳŻʵۺȥ鷿£÷Żʺһ𣬺һ̫Ӹ
ʺһһ̫˵࣬ʱͬһЩԪ顣
Ԫ÷ں棬ߴߴ˵Źصš
˵˷ܴЩŵͷǳ⣺Ԫ⣬СЩզզģЦ
ʺȤŰԪ˵ӶδȺʱͱˡ
ҲǰԪ⺢öϲ˵
̫ĸ첲˵ⲻ̫徲𣿡
̫÷һۣлҿɲϲ徲ҾϲгӡֻǰʹˣеЩӰϲȥҵĹ㰧˵
˵̫˵ģǲԪƤӳ檾Ͱ͵ĹԷú죬Ҳó伸徲
̫ÿģǰҿ֮ð
ʺ̫˵Ļм÷ζ÷᲻ģǰ͵÷弸ۣȴ÷ʼնӯӯЦԪ˵δаֲãŷ
룬̫ϲ÷ûϵ̫ϲС
ֻͰԼֶŮ̫ߣûʺе֡
ֺֻ̫ɡ
ǴʼԪ̫Ӹˡ
÷ʱԪʮֲᣬڹſ˵Ļ壬ʵұסһģĺöö顭
кöʱأһʱһֱڶʱȥҡ
ȥ档
á
÷֣Ҫ뿪ԪȴϷţ壬һ¡
÷ӣԼĪµҪ˵飺ǰΪ̫ɣ
Ԫ˵ͷǰûкĸ˵ʵû뵽ĸᵱô˵˵壬᲻ĹͰ
Ҵûɹֻͣһͨѡ÷οԭұģдҲ֣͵ıǡ
ǡ̫ӵ֪𣿡
ʱңǵҵӣֻܳˡ÷˵̫⣬˶֪̫ӱ֤κ˵ġ
ԪƺЩ̫ӻ᲻ǸѾ
ģһͬ͵ġ
š
Ȼȥˣȥ̫ɡ
áԪɿ÷֣Ŀ뿪
صƽ󣬺ͰƽǸԪô
ƽȻϱˣ
䲻ŮҲǰŮˣס̫ĹУݿɲκһټҵŮԽĥԽûϲһθ꿶˵÷ҵĹ˼̫꿶ҸģЦ
ֲ̫֪˼һЦ˵˼Ҹϣֺαȥһ
һʱɫ⻰˵ãΪʲôһҸ˭һֻ˸ү֣ȴްʵȨ꿶Ļȥıǰ̣ԼΪӿǣǿʤԺ˭Ǻ˭Ƕӣ
ƽһͱ˵̬ȣͲԸٶ˵ƽٴĻԼҲһԡ
꿻ظ󣬳㽫ȥЩȥ̫Ĺߣ̫߶һЩ˲˵ʲôġ
꿲⣺ö˶˵ģҸûҪȥ̫
˷һֶŮԪ⣬ס̫УͬӴӴЩӣĸ̫Ǵͻ顭
һĸѽҶʶ˼ңӻ飿
Ԫû˫ףʮֵ̫ģɵ֪Ȣ˵жĺô
նҲҪôҲȢ
㸸һҲǣвȢǸҪģⱲ㶼Ȣˣ
꿹Ȣ壬㲻ǲͬô
ֻãһ𣬳Ļˣôù㲻ҪƫһĹŮԵߵӦȢ˼ҵĹұ֣ǶĹϵȥ¥跻ȥ
һöţĸ
ڶգУվĻſڵὭۡ
ԼĪһյĹὭ۲Щȣѵôǡ
꿽Ժǽߵ£ǰ˵иÿҳޣͬ⻹ü𣿡
Ὥ۵ͷü
꿼ȵ㰲һ£ü棬Ѵ˵һ˵һᾡġ
ὭۿЦЦ죬ھͿԼ
ڣҳ˳򣬡ˣ
Ὥסҹ°ͣԼϣҾǡ
һֻɸ߸ߵ죬¶˹Ĳ
ƽ̹࣬޺ᡣ
꿡໡һ
ʱƳҲˣһԺӾͿὭվ£̧ͷ
ʲôƳһ䡣
Ὥۣи
Ƴ̧ۿϵ꿣ġ


031

÷, żնûȥ̫ͻʺ밲ǴӸȥ
Ȼ̫󲻴Ϊ, еǲٵġ
쵽Ӹʱ, ÷, ҲҪȥ̫밲ġ
÷ӡΪһαʺ빬ʻʱ, Ҳڳ, ŻʺһĻ
÷붫Ҳϲͬյ飬ֻϻʺݣǹ
÷屾飬ȻҲʲô
˸Ӹſ, 洫ԪЦԼ̫Ц
˵, Ԫʹ˹
ں̫
Ԫ, ÷ЦЦ, ̫ʩ, ϱ̫밲
Ҳʩʺһ
Ҳ檸̫밲
̫˷֣ɡ
ڶ, ԪⰤ÷¡
̫˵˻, Ԫ÷һ˵Ļ
һ̫ͻȻ÷壺̫붫Ҳа, ͷˣ
̫󣬶λڷԱúܺãϱûô֡÷ǰһֱס֣ûѧ֮£ʼҴͻִ͵ͻȻʱѧҲˣ
ǰѦﻹһֱ¡
붫󣬷Ƴδ֮½÷֮»㾮Ҳû
˳ȻֻҪϹȥһҲöġ
̫⻰ȴǰûŮˣ񽻸ڷԱʱҲͰˣȻѾ˶̫ǽЦ̫͵
÷룺̫Ƕˣ˭Цأ
⻰ҲˣȻ˵
̫˵⻰÷Ͽȥ
ֻ˵̵̫ǣϱȥȥѧŴ񣿡
û뵽̫⻰ɫӲÿˣ⻹Ҫѧǰڼûѧ𣿡
÷ʵûС
̫Цˣû˵
÷壬ƺЩϷʡ
÷ҲΣÿ밲̫Ĵƫֲ˵ԲȥÿζҪ̫
Ԫ÷ЩΣ˵̫̫ʱɽˣһֱУʶûʱȥѧϰδ֮¡
Ҳ̫ޥģӱˣ֮£ѧҲͻˡ̫붫ҲЩˣ̫ȴδ̫Ҳ̫۵ýˡҪ˵ֻҪ̫Ӻ̫ŨܣĶС£̫˵ǲǣ
ˣҲǰ̫ڵĺӰѧɿˣԪ⣬ҲһǰŽլ񣬽¾ȫѧˡ̫ĴϻۣһҲѧˡ
˶÷˵̫Ҳټ÷壺ˣҲ˵ʲô֮㾡ѧᣬҪĻҪ̺̫ӡ
÷վϱ֪ˡ̫׼ˣ̫ϱȥˡ
̫ڰ֣ذɡ
ԪҲվ̫ȥ̫
̫֪ǸãҲȥˡ
ڱֻڣ̫졣
Ԫ⽫÷͵Ӹſڣͬ˵壬˵ҲҪĸӣʲôʵ˵ǵ̫󲻸ˣҲ䡭
÷̾˿ȷʵĲõĵط̫ⷬǡʱҼȻ˶̫ӦʲôԼ
ÿͺãҷһֱ̫㣬ѹ
÷ºЦ̫ҲһˣҵĲ㣬վҲΪҺãﲻѹ
ţҪȥ
ȥʺ밲
Ŷ갲ȥ档
ð
÷ȥ˻ʺĹУʺһĺɫ֪մӸ̫Ҫʲô飿
÷岢δֱ˵̫Ҫѧϰ֮£ܾ˵˸״ǵ檳붫ҵ̫һֱشٽ̵檷˼಻֮øĽѧϰ
ʺ˶£бοͬʱҲܲµ̫ȻΪˡ
÷ȥ󣬻ʺʾ⹫е֪̫Ҫ÷ѧϰ֮¡
˵̫Ϊ÷壬ʺҲȥ̫ʲô̫ǰ÷ӣȻ÷ƺûϣûʺЩۡǱǲԼߵһǰڷµ֣⹫һȥ÷δ
÷ջص㿴иСŮڹ԰ſڼⲽҪˡһ£̫ϽȥȾɣ
˵÷ʣôˣ
ǹŮһ߿һߵݹ˹ˣٹȥ³Ųסˡ
÷һ̱죬Щأҹȥ
һݹסޱһϸԵɡ
ݹ˴Ӷ̴֮󣬻ȥҲֻһģ㽫˷вÿֻЩˮͰƻȥ
氾죬ʵڰסˣùŮ÷ȡ
Ϊֱȥһʺ÷ʣԼȥѣǾЩ֡ݹλȻߣԼ˵ҲǳԼΪ˷ȥ˶һײֱһʺ󣬼˳ײܿЩ
̫ûʺ֪¡
ΪΣ
ǻʺ֪ˣȻҪݹˣ˵Ὣߣݹ˼Ůݹֻһӣǰˣݹ˿ô
÷ŸˣݹΪλ
ūҲ֪ŮҲʮãݹǰʮ۰ģҲǽЩӲ㼫˵顣ĸŮ֮飬뿪ݹˡ
ĸŮ֮ǣ÷Ƕá
ֻݹܹʲôԵɵģ
֮Уʲô飬ݹԼĺأ
ȥޱ·ϣպԪ⡣
ԪⱾȥ÷ģû뵽ڰ·
壬ȥҪأ⼱ҴҵҪȥ
ȥޱһˡ
ԪȥҸһȥ
÷ȥĹŮؿ÷һۣزø֪£÷ȥȥͻأڶұǡ
Ԫ⿴÷岻ţǵǺðɡ
÷嵽ޱݹ˼ʱһ£漴÷ߵСŮʱбˡ
װźͿʵ̫пչˣ̶𣿡
Цӭˣ÷Ҳһ˵ݹˣǹģ
ݹϧʵڲɣ̶ˣˡ
˲ҸӦȥһˡ÷˵꣬ߵĹŮĸ䣿
Ůָ̧Ҫָ㱻ݹ˺ݺݵصһۡ
Ůŵֱ£ӵ
÷סָ֣ҿһһض
Ůûôˣָ˵ڵһ䡣
÷Ǹȥ
ݹ˳ȥס̫ô̫֪ˣǲ̫ðɣ
֪̫ϲ÷壬Թ̫÷ɵ
÷Ҳ֪ݹҲֻ˵˵ǸͲֵ̫ǰȥ
÷ƹȥݹ˻ȴ׽ס
һȭŹȻֻǻȭȣǯסݹ˻ʮ׵ġ
÷ѸߵǸǰŮ˵Կݹϣ÷ʹ˸ɫݹ˵
÷͸ŵķ϶˼漴̫ɩɩ漴εغˤϵ
ݹ˲ϽԿףŹԷˣǶ𣿻ϽǸߣ
ɪżǰѾԿף÷塣
÷򿪷ţ㿴ڵѾ²ʡӵӵһƬϻмǳһӡ
÷廽ѣ㽫ǹŮϣɹŮ˳ȥ
ݹ˼÷һǯһ÷ߣ̶̫
ݹˣȥ̫ҽҴض
ݹ˲ϣֻǶͷЩͻģý̫ҽ
÷Ϊ̸еĺߣ
ͱŷ̵ĹŮһޱţں棬ݹ˺Źȥסǣȴּ̫ݲǰֻ÷彫̴ߡ
糯ķƳص׼š
糯Ƚ϶࣬ʶƽ˰ʱ÷Ѿˡ
߽ڣˡ
һԪ⣬ղżģһλ֣죬ƺǻʺԷˡ
˼
̫ӵ£ȿڵԪ⣬ƺЩţ̫Ƭ̡
ƳšһǻӦ
漴˵̫ӵ£ūǻʺŹģ̫֮¡
񣿡ƳһüڷרŸôĸαضһ٣
⹫͵̫ӵ£̫̫ѧŴ̫Ӧ֮󣬻ʺ̫ǰûѧȽѣⰲֹ
ţƳɨһܣû÷壬ʵ̫أ
⹫Ÿմֻ֪÷ȥ˺δ
ԪûӦһ䣺ҷ·̫ˣȥޱˡ
ޱݹסĹԷȥʲô⹫㰲żˣȥޱȥ
⹫ӦǡȥԺˡ
˻û꣬ͼ÷ˣԸһСŮСŮϻ
⹫һƣӴôˣ
ƳҲӵ˳˻Եķ̣ôˣ
÷岻̫ͣӣǽȥ˵ɡ
Ƴѷ̴ӹŮıϱڵֱ߽޵
÷·Ѿȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽˣ߽ڣԪ⻹ͬ˵һ䣺Ԫ⣬̫ͬ˵仰ͳٵƬ̡
Ԫͷûϵģмȥæ
÷߽޵ƳѾ˴ϡ
СôˣƳɫ԰͸ŻҰҲѵƤ˿˿Ѫ
÷岻ݹ˹죬иŮҳȣ檱ȥ˴ˡ
ݹΪҪС
÷ҡͷ檼Ű˴ߣûüʡ
Ƴ˼һʣݹ˿С𣿡
÷ʵϡ
ôСģ
Ӳǰġ÷˵仰Щ֪ǲòԣʧ
ƳƼ۳ϸ˵ûУͦõġ
***
̫ҽ֮ϸ̰˵Ƕ̫֧ιȥģιЩˮ֮ѭ򽥽ĳЩͺˡ
ֿ˵Ƣθķӣ˼ҩ
÷һȥЩˮ
Ƴûʲô󰭣ù޵ţ÷ȥš
÷뵽Ԫ⻹ڵԼ̫ãǱȥţԪ⻹ڵų檣ͬ˵Щʱٳԡ
һ߳һͬ˵
ʳ޲
Ƴǽˣǰؽ
÷ֻúͷƳһţԪҪҪһԣԪ˵ӸѾԹˣ÷ԣȥԺ䡣
÷Űš
⹫˵̫Ҫѧϰ񣿡ƳȻʵ
÷˵ͷǡ
ϲȥ̫˵
л̫ӵ£񱾾ǳӦģڲſʼѧʵЩ
ţƳԸѧҲͬ⣬ѧᣬҡ
÷ᶨ̫ӵ·ģѧġ
Ƴķɡ
ŮôԼ飬˵ѧᡱӱܹȥ飬Ҫ§ŲţǸɵġ  


032

ƳźȥĻ, ÷ȥ޵һ·̣ʱѾιˮСѾͷë, ƺҪˡ
÷ȥԺԪ, Ԫε֪ôæ, ҾͲˡ
÷ЦôأڹҲûѣѵҲסڹ, ﲻ֪ж࿪ġ
ԭû, ǳȥּʦ̫ʦأҪչҪѧŴǲܳȥˡ
÷Ҳȥ뵽̫ʵЩΣȷʵæһЩ, Ͼ̫˵Ҫѧϰδȥ, ̫Ҫˡ
Ԫ첻, ÷, Ҿͳһʱ, Ǿͳȥ
źԪ⿪, ֵ㲻Ϊ, Ӹ̫ÿĵģȻ£̫Ͳˡ
÷ȤŶ, պҪˣ
Ԫ⼷üŪ۵Ҫǣ̫
Ժ˵˻ԪҪˣ࣬ҾͲˡæգǾͳҺϢ
á
÷彫Ԫͳ˶ԵƬ̣ȥ޵֮󣬱ͬѧϰ֮¡
޵ڣѾѹˣڴϴڴڵغС࣬һιһЩ
÷߽һ񣬶͵
÷ǰ§ڻﰲοˣûˡ
̿һ̧ͷ̫ɩɩĸ
÷ͷĸһͻҹˣ㻹Ըȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷ漴ֺ˵ͷĿԳ˾֡
÷忴̶ݹ˵ĸܸӣȺ£ʱԼҲ֪ҪҪݹ˻ȥ
÷룬ס죬ҺĸһģȷԺ󲻻ôˣٻȥòã
еͷллɩɩ
÷нӹС࣬ʷ̣𣿡
̴˫ˣԼˡ
ùԡ÷ϧͷ꣬ôԵĺӣݹôܺأ
̽еСȵĸɸɾգ޹۾ԣ÷һʱٳԱģȻһӳ̫࣬θܲˡ
Ҳֻ֣۰Ͱ÷壺ɩɩһ𣿡
˵
ܲܲҪ¸߱ˣҲĸΪܵ
Ҫ֮ǰǸСŮҲͬ÷˵ֻ˷ޱ̴˳ֽ̫ҽ¿²
̶ҿԲ߱ˣҲûа취÷˵Ұޱһ·˶Ƽˣѱᴫʺ̫
һЩż̫ͻʺĸ𣿡
÷ʵ˵㲻ĸĺӣǷĹĸ㣬Ҫܵ𷣵ģ
ץ÷ӿԣ̫ɩɩҲĸܷĸǰҺܺõģֻһʱͿʵǺܰҵģҲĸֿ취òã
̶÷忴ƶ߲ܹ໥Ҳ֪ĸ˴Ȼ˴Ҫеĸܼʱֹ𣬻˼ʺǲὫǷֿġ
𣿡˵껰Ҳûзǰ㼤ˡ
÷᣺ġ
ƽ÷֮ǰǸСŮԼȥǰ֡
⹫ͷʱѾ˽ڷλԱˣͬһƫš
Ϊ÷һ쿪ʼѧϰǴͷʼܡ
÷ԭΪ֮²ʳסУû뵽ϵ˹ִ̡ܽأµ֧ɨͳܡ
÷ͷ֮ʣ˵ݹ˹ˡ
ǣЩƣ
⹫״ǰ̫ˣūȥݹ˵һݹЩʱ
÷ݹ˹ҪһģֺڷԱĻõͷͣʵûоڣ⹫ȴȥӴһݹˣݹ˲ֵģȥ
⹫ǻʺɹģһڹкݹǰҲֻ̫֣ҪҪѷ̴ȥ
⹫شҪס죬Ҳȥˡ
ݹеļǿЦݵ̶ҵĺӣΪʲôܴȥ
⹫ζ˵һ䣺ݹˣ飬Ժǲĺӿ˵׼ˡ
ݹһӱɫ⹫ЩҲΪ̶á̶ѾʮˣȴͯƵ̰ԣڲԸԺֵ˿ǺãϵⰡҶҲʮܵġ
⹫ȴ޶ԣڹô꣬ôܻᱻŪ˹ȥʮ꣬ȻȱĹԲһЩʳһҲˣݹ˺αؼһʱݹ˲Ͻūţūžûת̫̫֪ʵ飬㲻ܷİ˽Ҳǰ취ūűֻȥʾʺˡ
ݹ߳ŭĪҪʺѹңֵ˻ʺǰ˵
⹫ɫ䣺ذɣūŻһʺֹġ
ݹ˼Ҫֻӻȥˡ
⹫תȥƫͬ÷һһʮ˵÷̾˿Ȳϴֲ˵ʵͷȥһ£ݹ˶ЩˣܲܲЩʲô
ҪҪ߻ʺ
÷뵽̵Уʺʱ˵ɣȲ鿴
⹫ǡ
÷ֵͷֵָ£ʼ궫ɵ˱ˡ
ƳһˣǰæûջţվĻˡ
˵÷ƫ˱Ƴȥơ
÷һ˱̧ͷڿʱж˱ãɻȥЩٶ۵վ̫ӵ£ôпջˣ
꿺Ὥ۶ˣĻֻһϿΣҲ硣
¶𣿳檽ȥš
ƳûټɣȥһС
á
Ƴȥ޵̳ٷһҩϴһѾ࣬ڿͷ
ڹΪļܵУƳǱȽϲ̵ġ
ΪǱӹЦԸ棬ƳЩżҲշһ
̼۾һ֣
Ƴߵ£Դѵ᣺ô
ˣеۡ
Ϊʲôۣ
̫ˣеš
ɵӣƳһЩգô
Ҳش𣬰ɵЦ
Ƴһͷ
ص£⼸Ҫסͷеߣū澲һͷĵһЩ
ƳͷȥƷ̣Ҫס
̵˵ͷ̫ɩɩ˵Ҫס졣
Ƴ뵽ʲô˯
°͵̫ɩɩһ˯
ƳУ
붼Ҫ룡                        
лҪ˵̫˾˯ˣֱǵô󣬸ϽӴһ½һ£Ԫ϶ǴĳĿĽģһǵü޸̫ӣǻŮ䣬ҲǼٵġ
±ĩĸӣǰųˣĩȲˣĩϼӣһ賿͸һ£ǣ

033

ҹ, Ƴѷ̰ƫȥ˯
ɷ̱ݹ˹죬վӰ, ﻹ, ҹ˭Ҳ, Ҫ÷
÷ֻý˷ƳԹĿ, ·ȥ˷̵ƫ
ɢŶ˵̴ζ, ƳȻЩ˯⣬۾ôһҲû˯ţǽйŮȥ̫Ǳôˣ
һŮˣ˵̫ڸ¡
Ƴֵһӵʱ䣬йŮȥ
Ůջ, ˵̫ڸ𾭡
Ƴ˰ʱٴǲŮȥ
Ůιȥ, սû˶, ƿ˽ȥ, ̫ƺ۾˯, ̫, ̫
۾, ɩɩ˯
Ů
Ůֻûȥ̫ӵ£û˯̫˯ˡ
Ƴȥɡ
ָ÷, Ƴ÷˯ͷǿ˯ˡ
ƫǱߣ§÷һֻ첲Դļϣʱʱ۾һۣ˽ɩɩ͵ߡ
˺һֹģŮɩɩߣǿŰɩɩµġ
Ҳ֪ģ˹Ǿòɩɩ֮ͣߵСһ㣬һһİĸо
˺һŮûٻҲʵܲˣһɩɩÿ˯գųٳ˯ȥ
Ƴһ˯ǳмΣֱһ˯ȥ۳ƣȴЩ
һ۴⣬ҹɫлŨţ·򿪷ţֵص̫Ǻʱ
̫˵չʱ
糯нӽһʱء
Ƴ룬̧ƫȥ
ƫУһһСѾ˯ˡ
ҲѬ˰㣬֪ܻ֣̿ʶЩ׼ģû뵽û˯ţֱ÷ա
̰÷˯𣬷Ƴ˴գȷŽ÷屧ˡ
ӯӣȵĴУ÷Ƴġˡһ¡
÷˯оЩЩ⣬Ժ۾ԼƳš
˯
¡÷һ£Ҫ
𶯡ƳŻ͵޵ˣʱûЬӣԾͲˡ
Լ÷㲻ˣԹԵر޵˴ϡ
˯һƳ˵
ǡ÷ƿԼűȥΪûйŮǰůڸմȺıб÷˵Щ˸
˯Ƴ˱ӡ
÷ҲæıӰ£л̫ӣ檲䡭
һѾ˹ȥſϣպý档
£Բ𡭡ײؿڣʶرҪ㿪
ֻҿӵĴȴͬӺһסûϵ˯ɡ
÷۾
мŲһƵľ룬޷赲˴˵Ϣһʱ֮䣬˵ĺƺЩ
÷һúѣҲյֺ졭
ȻƳԴӱ˳˲֪͸͸ô
ɵϣ
÷Լ࣬Ƴزһʱľʱŷɵ۾һֱ˯һʱ
ô˯Ƴ
÷Ҳ˯š
ô
ġ
˯ȥ糯
檡
̣Ƴ֪Ҫ˵ʲô¡
÷ű۾ȴΪӯӯ˫ʱ峺޹
Ƴţûֺݺһ¡
תȥ÷壬ŻĹ˽ź
ֻǸմ·洫СѾڵϰરһ̶˽
÷ڴϣ̸ίˣ֣ɩɩ
÷
Ǳ߷ƳѾŽѾķ̱˹ŵϡ
ڝһ˱§÷岻֡
˯Ƴ÷˵
á÷ͷ̲˲ϵˮ£˯
˰̾ͺ࣬Ա˷ȥ飬дд֣Ȼ͹Ůһ𶺶µ񣬰ıꡭ
÷ֺλڷԱĽ̵¼ѧϰ֮¡
⹫˵ǽȥ̺ʱ򣬷̫Ӻ̫Ǹͬһű˯ģֵ⹫һ·Сȥʺʰԡ
ݹûٹҲȥ飬ҹ÷廹Ⱥŷ˯˯֮÷޵
̺ӦˣҲٿ֣ǱԼСͷȥ޵÷ٲһ
һգԪ˸߲ҵع÷壺࣬Ѿ̫ͬ˵ˣһ٣һȥֿʦ̫ʦǣˣҲ
һҲȤɩɩҲ
÷뵽ҹżᾪʣȥְݰݷҲãǱӦãһȥ
˻Ѱװ˹ȥ֡
ֺԪһֱ÷ͷеʦΪ÷һŮûжע⣬ֱ˾ʦ̫÷ŵʦ̫Ҫһϲ
ԪŴ÷߳ͨھʦ̫ǰӯغһʦ
ʦ̫ǱһŵӦ󣬶Ƭֶ̣ˣԪ⣬ԪⰡúӣ
Ԫʦ̫ͷֵʦ⼸һֱеʦ㡣
ʦԪ⣬Ҳ׷Χ£˹
Ԫˡ
㶼ôˡ
Щȥˣ
Žʱ졭
ʦһһı˿÷ͬ˵һŷȥԺпĸס
ϴοĸĵڶ죬ʱĸ˲ɫ;񶼺ܲռĸѾϴκ࣬÷ҲһЩ
ĸףλǰڹЩţŮɢɢġ÷ͬ˷̡
̹ɴк˺á
ҲãеؿǸɶµĺӡ
ǰ˺̫ɩɩһ޵üۣ;úУ˺ɩɩú񣬷˺ÿɩɩҲÿ
˵ĻǷϣ˺÷һ֡æ˿ĸ
˫ֽӹģֿ÷塣
÷֪룬úģ˲ֵġ
ſĵس
˰ؿȻͬ÷ڹǷ˳ģûܵʲôΪѣ
÷ǳЦش𣺡׷ģʺ̫ӵ¶ңһж˳ģûʲôΪѵ顣
Щ棺̫ӵҲʮչ𣿡
Ѿ֪֮ǰԪ飬÷Сϳ׽ࡣ
οǾͺá
÷ͬԪףԪҲˡ
˾ȵ𣿡
ţ֮ǰ˵ĸȻ÷˵̫ӳ׺ףأԪˡͬһģھʦ̫
ã÷֣ǽһˡ
ǰԪҲסڹУŮ˰
ʱԪҲˣһȥã֮ùű׼뿪ˡ
ǰ˽÷ؽһˣĲ֪ôˣȥɡ
Ů֪÷ɫлҲȥһ÷ġ
ԪǰȥҲʶ÷ûȥһĺ档
ȥ˽Ѧ֮󣬱ȥ÷ķС
÷Ĳӣƽһͺҩ࣬°Ҳģɫ԰ף񵽻ǲģ·ڴϣϥϻһ顣
ãһ۾ϳԪ⣬÷ܾͺԪ֣Ԫ㣡
Ԫ˵Ȼǵң
겻㶼ôˡ
⻰ӦҸ˵ɡ
÷ֽĿתƵ÷ߵķϣλСֹǣ
һ֣֡ԭ۵ĺķըëĹĵؿ÷
÷һۣλǱµ
ԭ÷࣬ʧˡ
̺һƲͷȥ
÷÷͵һֱעʳЩӾͻˡ⼸һֱԼʳ֮ǰʱ䱻ݹ˹죬ѾһЩˡ
÷Ŷһڼ𣿡
һʡ֣˷̵һ۵
÷ҲС˵һ䣺ú˵
÷ȴ֣һЩ
̹߽۾Ҫ˵ʲô
÷ݵķˣֵĿɰֻҪ彡ȾʹúóԷϹʣû
ô˵ﲻţ½ʣô֣Ҳ𣿡
÷㣬Ľأ
ŬŬͣͷ죺˭ĽҰ
Ұ÷Ľ彡ڷбܣ֣ѩӻԺѩˡʲôʲôңֻŴϣСﶼȥ
ô
԰Һܿġ
̧ͷƺǣ磬ģѩˣҶѸѩ͸㡣
÷һЦð
лҪ˵ӽ賿¹ô͸ǼӸ


034

صǻƻ, Ԫͬȥ̫Ӹɸ˶
·Щ, ÷ȥƫϢһ
⹫, ˵ǰȥݹ˵, Ѿ鵽ˡ
Ѯݹ˵ҽпݹһ, ͬеĻһλϸ, ҲǴǸʱݹ˶̬Ⱦͱˡ
Ǹϸʲôˣ÷ʵ
ݹСʱ裬ūŲˣʵһλӡ
ӣ
ūҵλӣ֪֮ԭݹ빬δл, ںҲ㲻ܳ裬Ѱλӹ, ƫ, Աĸƾӹ, ʥ衭
˼ǲ, ֻ÷岻⣺ݹ, ʲôϵ
⹫˵Ҳɺ, ݹסޱޣƫȥ˷֣ݹ˵ĸ, ŵӡʥ裬̶ݹ˸ʡ
÷űߣӿտڰſں˵֣֮ʵɶݹҲǺͿȻֻ
̫¸ô죿Ҫϱʺ𣿡⹫ѯ
÷ɻʺֿǵ̵˼룬һҪģ㲻ʺҲ֪ġȥޱݹһģʶԼĴ󣬼ʱڸģʺϴܴ»С
̫ʱȥޱ
÷忴һɫڻЩʱ䣺ڹȥ˵仰ͻ
⹫ģūŸһ𡣡
÷⹫ȥޱ
ޱУ÷ҲûͬݹӣֱӰ⹫ͬ˵ˡ
ݹ˲ϣ̫ģʲôӣҴδˡ
÷üݹˣӶǿɹƭƷԵ㲻ϸУ˽ס飬⹫ʱ䣬ȫй˳ǻʺ飬Ҳòһ졣ǿĸУղͬ˵Щϣܼʱڻʺ֮ǰʺ̹׹ܴ
ݹлһ˿ңȴǿװ򶨣ⶼе飬̹ףΪҪܷ̫Ҫ˵Ļˡ
÷ʧվ׼뿪Ѽˣ˺Ϊ֮
ڶձ˵ʺݹ˽ȥʱݹǿŴģ˵ݹ˱Ϊ˲ˣޱλ˼һԷ
ʱһλӷ̣˵ݲΪŰã˼ԷʱɻʺԸ
Ƕߵģһǵĸǲ뿪÷塣
÷Դ̶ʱңҲᾭȥĸ밲Ҳܼ㡣󹬲¡
̵˵ͷҧСŲޣˡ
Ƴụ̂һ䣺Сˣ
÷ǣĸȥˡ
ƳǣšûСĴţ˯þˡ
÷ǷţƳҲˣվҪȥˣʽҪͻȾƣҲȥһ𡭡
ǵϽȥɣøʺõȣЩʱ˱Ѿ»ʱȡ
áƳһۣҲûٶ˵ʲôתˡ
Ƴߺ÷Ƴһ͵Ц
Цʲôأ
̫Ц߹С˵ū澿̫Ӱϣˡ
÷ɻ󣺡⻰˵
Լҵٶۣ͵̫ӵ֪ҪºȾƣܺһţ˻˵һˣ̫ӵȴԻһ⣬ƣⲻǰʲô
ԭôһȷʵ÷ΪԼĳٶ۸еǵ̫ӵ´ҪԵҲҪǽѾ
ЦʵҲôġ
ðţ÷˲һʱȷƳ࿴˲ᣬҲþ֪
ʱ룬ƳŻһľòӶ߲ȣ̫Żġ
÷ָѾѾ˺üأƳȣƳζãüͷϺȡ
÷ֻðѾȥ£ǰûаѾǵһΰζǲ⣬¼£ùŮ°һ롭
Ƴ۾һЩȻ̧סѾӹһ
ˣݸ÷壬΢ӵζпɡ
÷һ˲۾Цˡ
ϴ÷ƳѾˣӸǵ룬ֵֻǰŤͷ
Ũ۾ҲѬӯӯǰᣬǶ˼ͯɵĸоһڴؿ˵о
̬÷ܾܾá
ƳڲŲŲӣոɹλã
÷ȡ𾭣Ь˴ϡ
жƽȶ˳
ʱԱߵķƳһбɴϡ
Ȼ׽÷ЩӦɷƳƺûʲôףĿڴؿĿֿһͿ
÷һμƳƣ˵û֮ǰķƳһֻ⬣ʱ̶ñӲĴˣôƵķƳж·Ĵ⬣¶ĶƤ
÷Щӿ죬ЩֱӷƳ۾ֻýչһЩƣպõסԼߣżж
о˵ԭǼ򵥵飬ЩϤǰ֪ٱ飬ֻһֱ֪仰ʲô
²֪أЩŶ˼֣ԾЩΣҧҧ촽
֪ǣŷ𾭣ûȫסƳߣֻǰԼߵס˶ѡ
ӷƳĽǶȻȴպܿ棬ССɵ°ͣһ˵Ǳ߾ʱʱֵСС
ԼԹӣңžһһɰ
ñҧź촽ӣƳԼøˣ˼ܿƵģȻӣҡ
÷ԼĪһӵʱ䣬Ƴһ¡
ס־һᣬ̫ӵƺҪ
һֻϵķ𾭣ߣ÷忴ƳֱۣؿȾʱֶ˼ֲѵ⣬ƺмֱζ
£ôˣͷʣǳ檶ò𣿡
úܺá˸һ£ֱ֧ӣԽԽ
÷ܴпԼ𽥵ķŴ
֪ҪʲôֻľסӣһδҴһ
Ķͷ䵽°ͣһһԱȥǼҲ˹ȵϢž漴Ϯ
ֱȻ°ͣ촽Ҫײ
÷һһץߵķ𾭣Լǰ 

035

ڶշƳʱ, Լ§һ𾭡
Ϻȶ˾ƣЩͷۣ˰˯ǰ÷Ϊж, ÷ıⱾ
ӣ, ûԵͲ֪ˡ
ʱ÷λѾ, ͸Ĺ⣬شʱѾˡ
Ⱦƺȵ̫, Ѿ׼ղȥ糯, һðֱȥĻͺá
ϴ󣬷Ƴû÷Ӱʱȥ̫ĸ밲ʱҲûˡ
Ī̫ˣ
Ƴţȥ̫Ӹ, պˣͬ˵̫ӵ, ջʺ̫, ū澻˵һ
šȻĸ, ͷˡ
÷ԭûŵ, ʵҲؽ밲, ֻǽʱ, ϷƳͻȻ׽
ԼӦ죬Ǳ𾭵м䣬ƳǾҪ
һ˲ҲˣǶѾΪ, һЩ׽飬ίʵþܾġ
ֻǴ𾭷£۾׼ܣɺһȥƳûκζ۾ŷ§ŷѾ˯ˡ
áΰ
ѵ磬Ϊ˱Ƴ֮ҲΣɴһ㡣
˵һȥǱߣҲϰ߲ϰߣ밲Ļ
̼ǻϲֲߣʺô˽һţ÷ҲӦˡ
ٷʺƳ÷ԵЩĲɣʲô飬ðźڹ˵˻
Ƽ̫ӵƢ࣬Ҳࡣû֮ǰһ˲ÿģڼֱˣɶĹ͡ʺο
檲̫ӵ±ͲǸƢˣǰ˱꣬ԼĪΪҹ˯ðƣ¡÷ʵ˵̫ҹ˯ðȣ泩ȻҷƢ
һֱ֪̫ţ̫ҽЩҲһֱҽεķӣҲβá˵ʺһۣ̫ҽ˵̫֮˯žĽᡣ⺢ǰܹ࣬ӦʱĲ
̫ǰܹʲôࣿ÷ʵ
ʺĿƺһ£ҲաֶĪ̫£ùǰĻ䣬ʹࡣ
÷ʺ˵иӺЩǼȻʺʣͷ
ĸʣ檱㲻ˡ÷幧˳ʵ̫볼Ҳ㲻ʮ׽볼죬Ҳûлġ
Ŷ̫ӲԸ׽𣿡
÷뵽ϵ飬Щ죺Ҳǣǳ޶ۣ̫֮ͨ便ദ
ʺɬӣ뵽޸̫ʱҲǸռǲõСǰһֱĵУǴϻͨ͸ضŮ֮һ֪ⶼ㲻ϡ
̫Ӿ͸˵ˣ꣬һֱŮɫӲ֪Ůദ
˴һ׽Ҳ¸
뵽ʺ÷壺ĸ㣬Ը̫ϵ
÷˵ͷ̫ӵǳ檵ɷ򣬳ȻԸġ
ʺѧкǻϲ㲦ЩСӣʵȻǧﻹƵĵطŮҪץ˵ıԣˣЩСĻڿŮһʱܻ𱣻
ʺԼòµЩСֶѡһЩ򵥵Ľ̸÷壬÷һ档
ܽһʱŴӵġСĻŽɵػص˶
ʺҪ̫ӽӴͨĽӴҪڡ䡱촥Ļᣬ򵥵һӾˤֱˤ̫ӻУܵŵͳı飬ĩٸһ䡰ڡûĸֵܵסĹơ
÷ڶתһȦһȦҲûҵʵˤص㡣
Ϊʲôһҡ
÷忴Ժе÷⣬˵ȥҸһ֧÷
æȥ˵ӹ̫һ֦ˣū澰ۡ
ãۡ÷Լ˵ϣ˻ν£ҲŻ
״ſֱ涵ţ̫ɣˤžͲˡ
û£зִ硣÷ԼΣȷԼܴˤȥԱߣûˤƳУҲܼʱסԼŴӵߣȥ֣ջüѧ񡣡
÷ˣ
ѧۣȷ
÷ŸŮվڶԺڣԶԶ̫ӻ֪ͨ
ʱ֣Ů˵Ƽ̫Ӱˡ
Ͻ÷壬÷˲ᣬһ磬ȹǱ˳ڷƳִԺ֮ǰվ÷µĵϡ
ҿܻˤ̫Ҫסҡ÷Сһ
һ磬ҲҲˤ̫ۡ
Ǹģܿ÷˼һЦū澶ˡ
ƳߵԺУ㿴һ÷£÷ŵӣȥߴһ֦÷
֦ͷĺ÷¼꣬׺ںڵĳ°׵ϣתë׵ĺһŰؾСһöպüģӳԭ˫˾ޡ
Ƴһͣɫ÷Ȼӣҡ顭
ԭΪġӣҡӣҡ

̫ӵ£ִ÷ǳЦȻ۵֦÷ÿ𣿡
ţһɤĪƣÿ
Կв˼ڴƺȥ
Ƴûж˹ȥ
£÷Ҫ߽ʱ÷װҪе÷ݸ󲻶ɫصһµӡ
û
ʹһЩӻǿȻ
ʱ̫Ѿߵǰվסʱˤǿýһ۾ܿ˳
ֻӡôأ
÷ͷһƣȴǼһС̫಻֪ʱܹģڵ§ŵӵȣһ̫СЩĪˤˡ
÷壺ò׹ˣһСĻôװ׸˷ˡ
÷аЩգ̧Ƴ͸ԼСĻʱЩΡ
ƳƺŲΪ·׸£Ǳһץסֱۣק£һ֮漴סӵϱ
ź磬ȻܹܵϸԼĻУӯдһɵ̴ľܰ㣬ֱӹУʵá
÷Ϊһʱնֻܵ÷ֻסĲչ֦⹴ס˷ƳͷΪĶ˸ࡣ
÷±𶯡
һֻȥŪ÷֦ϵͷĻŪԸСһʱԼĻû
վһԣԼڿӣ̫ӼͷزŪͷ̫վһһ㣬Ҳֻӣûʲô飬ȴһˮ     

036

÷ŪŪ, ڰ÷ǣͷŪһ
ˣ¡Ťͷ˵, СĲĶߡ
÷ʱЩ, Сһ, Լӻŵġ
ƳΪĴЩ, ƼҲС΢, ֱԼǲ䣬ȡе÷׼Űɡ
÷ߵ̧ͷ֪ոĲǹġ
ðţƳҪСһ÷޵
ǰֻҪߣܺܿ˯, ɽ˼Щӣ, ÷, 뻳е, ߵ, ЩԺһһ, һֱ޷
һص, ȴϿ˲ῴͷҲ̧
ȥ۾ӲӵʱҲû˯š
̫Ӹ˼磬ΪС
վҪ̻Ź, һȥֲ֪ٻ
ЩԪ̫Ĺһֱ̫󣬺˼ҺǿģҪ򸾻ȥˣ̫Щ᲻á
Ԫ⺢һߣҵĹҪˡ̫ɫ˵
ο̫ϲԪ⣬ͽڹжסЩӣھ꣬Ҳ࿴⾩ǵķ֣೤Щʶ
̫̾ϢҲÿԼ벻ˣ
һԪӣԪֻҪ̫ԪⳳԪˡ
̫ⷬϯüңˣһֱڸǰŰҡĺ٣иԵĸ۰Ҳҹ߶ˣԪ⺢Űңܶꡭ
ʺ̫˵Ļ񣬶೤١
漴̫󣬾̶һȪһȪɽׯ˵Ȫͨ磬ѪٵĹЧ̫ԺԽԪŶȥһˡ
Ŷ̫ǰֻ˵Ȫ񾩽Ҳˣ
أҲǽղ˵ģ˵Ҳܽһȥˡ
Цǳֻ´ʱ̫ȥˡ
ߺ󣬳㿪ʼȪ顣
Ȼб뷨̫ȥȪΪȫȻҪȪɽׯ
ɽׯܴ󣬴Сˮкܶ࣬ҾãԶӹȥҲ˷ѡ
̫ͬǰͽкǶȥ˶Ҳ֡
ãǳҪĽ
ǰͿԪ⣬ԼĶϱҴߴ꿶ԪӴ꿲һɣ˵ѾһλŮݲԪ⡣
ɳ˵ʱ꿸ûнӴʲôŮӣʲô֮Ůˡ
ſںߵġ
Լ취꿺ԪӴȪһûᡣȥһ꿣˵ʲôҲúԪӴһЩ
Ƴ÷Ҳ̫һȥȪƳϥܹˣѩļڶʹ˵Ȫкô̫ûµʱȥݡ
Ȫʱ䶨ϣ÷ỵ̫̂ԪֱӴӹгȥȪɽׯлһЩӺ͹ĸҲһȥˡƳڹʹæ깫󣬴꿺Ὥһȥ
ͬеĻзŵ
˷鿤ҲҪȥģ鿤ķ꿵Ľ򣬹ʶҲˡ
Ὥ۲ȥϾ⣬Ȼ̫ܺһ̫ܺŮ£岻ʣͲȥˡ
Ƴͬһ飬һ£˵ӲʣƳȻһ䣺ﲻʣ
ὭסΣ˸ɣЩ纮ˮ
á岻ʣƳȻҲǿҪȥ
Ⱦ˷纮꿴Ӻ˹һѹסὭ۵ļ򣬡ǸҪȥһȪˣ纮ͺˡ
Ὥ۵һۣ֪ԼݣȻϹ塣
ĲȥˣὭƴǵѷ纮Ⱦǵġ
û뵽˸ˣû£ǲ±㴫Ⱦ߰ɣ
˵Ӳļ򣬽ӵ
ǵȪɽׯʱ̫Ѿˡ
Ȼʺ̣÷÷岻֣÷屻̫ȥһȪ̫˵ЩĻ
ȪɽׯдĳӣʮˡҲСһĳӣżУֻˡζȣԼׯķ羰ʮֱ¡
̫źϲŸҷֳӡ
Ƴ߽ɽׯѭ˹
һƬ̺죬⾰ɫЩ
Ȼձºͻʺδ˴Ů˾ۼĵطⶼǿ޵˼ǶĴҫֹάš
ЩŮУƳһ۾Ƽ÷壬Ǽ÷µ磬ؾһС֬δʩͷϵķζٵÿ
ƳаЦ˶ģǸʵۣʵȪġ
ûע⵽ķŵĿҲ÷ϡ
ּ̫ܲ鿤誳ףȻ׺һֱСദƴӣҲһֱοԼ÷Ե޷֣Ҫúú誹ӡ
ɰο鰲οؿܾһϲҲʲȥ
ԭȪģᵽһ̫еĹеĻӺ͹Ȼ뵽̫Ӻ̫Ҳġ
ʹģӦһ
һĿ㲻÷ϡ
ʤѩ浾Ȼδʩʮֳڣһμʱ˼Ŷ˷ϡ
̾˿˶վǴˡ
Էŵʱ򣬾һֱڹ۲
Դ˳׺󣬷ŵһֱྴȻϴʼվûԼ
ٰ˳ǧãʼն¸ң׽
ԼһȪɽׯǲԸģⰵʾ̫Ӻ̫Ҳû뵽ȻӦˡ
һ
һƵƵȥ÷壬źı飬ȷеǣû÷壬һֱڼǹ÷塭
ա
ҷֺ˳ӣõһżȻǰŸ̫Ԫͳһȥ
СɹȥݴأСŸԵĸѡСż䡣
÷ڵȴҶѡ֮󣬲ҪһͨСż䡣żλ㲻ϺãϣԱֻŵһǻģ÷ֵ徲ǣŷ̵ֹȥˡ
ǰԺеż䶼ѡûˣԺһټ¶Ƴǡ
¶ĳӰһɽֻüǽ磬δݶ
ƳҲƽϣ¶ҲûʲôģҲ䣬ɫ
Ὥ۾ԵʴˣǿдҲǣҲǡ
û취Ȼ˿Ҳֻ꿣ѯô죿
꿴ʱҲЩżˣԭὭ۴ҲֻŻŻǼһȪΪɽׯӶ࣬ʱ򵥶ԼһӾˡû뵽̫Ѻ󹬵ͻӹǶˣôȪӶֵģһأ
취ʱƳһۣѾ˴ߴٵ˼
ʱȻƼ÷ŷֻˡ
ôֻˣƳ
÷̶˸Сǹá
˵ţ̱ƼǸߣܹȥ˹
һֻľͷ̳ɵСѼӣֵġ
꿿÷壬Ȼ⣺̫ܷһ£
ʲô£
ָָὭۣ˷纮ĺһݵĻᴫȾǣɷ̫æڳһż
԰÷ʹشӦˣЦӯӯؿһὭۣǸżṫˣṫϸ
Ὥʮָмл̫
ȥƳ÷壬ȥ̫Ǳߡ
÷صǻ볼檺̶ȥء
ţáƳ
ǳ檾ȴ̶ȥˡ÷ǣ̵֣ͷƳǣ꿡ὭۺͷŵҲһһͷʾ⡣
꿺Ὥһ̫ߡ
ŵȴ̾һ̫ߡ
ˣὭȥ÷ѡǸż䣬Ƴ꿺ͷŵȥ˺Ժ
÷ŷȥǸż䣬ҲһλС꣬ǱµľŹеСѼӱ㻶ϲ˹
ǹһ𣿡÷ò
֮ã
̫ǣ˵ṫȾ˷纮˺һȪұ㽫Ǹżøṫӡ÷͵
Ц㰡̫˵ˡ
ȪĶݡ
Ѿˮ;ŹĵСѼӡ
ƳǸ䣬ҲµУȪˮůĳһ㸲ϣʮʡ
ƳпڳرϣĿܣŵҲһԣЩľȻ֪ʲô
סڳȥʱͬļ仰
ὭҲѾż䣬Եżж˷̣żֻһˣ˨ѣʹʹˮ
þûڵԡˡ
ΪݵԭڼԡʱҲҪʮСģѵôõ
ø̾ҵ̫ͨ
еûвһ֧ذᲦһ˨ŵķ϶֮䣬̵ͨС漴˽

037

ڵȪɽׯںȻһС
˼ľš
ǴǰԺġ
ֹͣӾ, ŵع񣬷Ƴȥ·
ǸϵǰԺʱ˶ΧὭڵǸżǰ档еɽׯ, е򷢹鿴Ĺˡ
й, ѯ淢ʲô, Ͽ
ǶΪ̫ͷ棬һֱҲǡ̫
꿰һ, ԷƳС˵Ů, ز˼ͷ̫ӵȳһҽȥ
Ƴ˵ͷ漴Χ۵˶ɢ
ǰţ֣ҡ
漴һЩһ˽ȥ, ֽˡ
ʱὭ̱ڵϣɫ԰, ͷ϶麹ֻ, ӻ˺һ, ϵڸ첲, ý, ϸСӡ, Ա߻СߣһԱߣһŶƤˮС
㱻ҧˣһ, ô߳û
ҶߣжὭ۱ֱ˵סֱ۲öɢҴ·ȥü
áȥѰȥʱȴǵİײһ¡
Ӧصİɡ
⡭զ
Ὥ۲ĳٶۣתͷȥڿزϷһԥ
һǸȲˣ·Ҫ
Ŷã꿸Ͻ·æҵذϡ
ûź˴·߰ģԼƲȥˣǸɴཫԼ˸ϣվ
Լ𣿡ǿţļͷҪȥ
ܣὭһ˵ֻǱŵ˶ѣںöˡ
ƳһԱ͸˵Ҷߣųܰ߶
ὭҧΪ˱ٺҲҪ
꿷ַ߳׷Χ£ŷ߳ľȻὭۡ
иŮڿὭۺɫԱ䣬ĴȺ˳תˡ
ͬƳ˵˼䣬ϽὭ۳ɽׯȥҴˡ
ƳżоȻߣüͷһ壬˽ȥ
ŵҲһȥˡ
ôߣƳѾߣ˼
ŵ䣬߻ᶬߣȪģĪΪŻ֣߳
Ҳ˵Ƴͫ䡣
룺߾ǱὭģǱԭӦż÷ģ
ɽׯɭϣ˹ⰵӦҲѲ
ƳļȪԼļ̱ȥˡ
һߣ꿴ὭѾʱöԷһٵشߴٳٿ㡣
ɷὭۣȴֻǱԼĸ첲ڳϣ۾һԡ
꿴˴ιȥ˻˯ȥˣ
Ὥ۾һۡ
ʮֲ⣺㱻ҧ˰ж˰٣ôô
Ὥָָýĸ첲ҽˣ˵ġ
꿼ԼżԼҲƽ㻹治һļǿ
Ὥ۴ϰΪѡ
ƲƲ죺˵ĺ㾭ܵȺƵġ
ὭۿЦһǰ
һ㶣˭Ⱥ㣿
Ὥ۵ͷĬŲ˵
꿿ŵͷʱίįȴɾǿӣûЩۣȻͳ嶯˵˿ڣȢɡ
Ὥһȵ̧ͷ
ͷòãȢ֮Ȼɷһãܱ㲻ܵȺʳǣ֮󣬵ȫԼˣǾͺ롣˶٣뵽ԼϲĹֵϣ֪㣬ܸҲֻôˡ
֮ǰὭ۵飬ȥ£һʼ޵òУȢˣʶһֱԥ
ҹ۾ӦֻԺҪὭۺ룬ܰὭۡ
Ὥ˵⻰һ㱡ˮ⣺Сүлл㡭
̾һһ£ôɡ
Ƴûо̫£鵽Ὥ۽ż֮һɽׯŮ
ʱʹŮ˵ǹȥˮȥˡ
ƳҳǸŮһֳԼǹȥˮֻţȥֻա
Ƴ˽ȥϸϸѶһ
̫Ȫ⣬ʱһὭ۵飬ƳֻصѾȥˣӦûʲô¡
̫ҲûϣλɺͺǱ̻عˡ
ȥ;÷ŷ̺ͷƳһϡ
÷÷ϥ˯÷СͷƳ졣
Ҳ˵Ὥ۵żнߵϢ
Ҳ룬˹߽ȥû֤Ҳö˵ʲôֻǵ˷ṫΪ檵ֻմȥةฮܷ㳼һȥ
á
лл¡
ƳаһòǸżС
ڶ÷Ὥ۵ﻹδãһ˵Ϣ˹СὭ߶ҽβѾ
ϢȥȪɽׯ˶⧲
ةĵﱻȻʮ£ƳٹȥҪ¡
Ƴѿʼ飬һҹ飬ǸˮŮ˼ྭµıҧ˺ۣǸˣ̶Ķߡ
ѶʣУὭ۵ż˶ߡ
ôֲڣȥ㾾鿤ߵһλŮµģ鿤誡
課뵽ɽׯأ仹వ飬۾
誼ǰŸյὭ۶ϢžͱƳ˴ˡ
̫ס誡
Ȼ²СС֣һةĵ̫󶼾ԹΪκȻὭ˶֣
͵誶Ὥԩ޳ôẦأǸᡭ
̫Ȼ뵽ԭҪȥǸżģ÷ͷ̡
̶뵽һֱ÷嶼Թԣ÷빬ǰĸŮûԼǰ˵÷Ļ
̫÷岻ϲ÷빬һطò⣬վҲûʲôֳŻʺԼǰ˵÷彫Ƴչ˵úܺãĵطҲŬĽ̫żҲ˼ǲԼ÷̫Щ
Ǹż֮е÷壬ǲǽ춾ģˣ
뵽̫ŭ᣿Ī誶һʼҪģ̫ɣ÷ôۣվҲϱҵĵΪҪ
ɫһ٣æ̫˵Ļ誶ôẦ̫أŮ˼
̫ɫȻ˲²⣺̬أʱò֣ٵȵ˵ɣ
̫㲻ܴ£ˣ̫ƽ۰誶ܲ誶
ǰҵ۰˽ԣ̫ʹڴǴǰվҪӣ̬ȣҵĵһǣ誶ģִܷҲǰ̫£Ҳ
̫̬Ⱦֿһûһõ̫ƫֻ̻ʧ뿪
ȥһ£ȴ;пҪȥҵķƳ÷塣
ȥҪ誱һ
Ƴʶر㽫÷岦Լ
ĸ£ĳʵѾ֪Ŀġ
̫ӣᣬһᣡ誶㣬ΪôԵ޹ȥṫأ
ƳĸΪˣҲѾǲʵ̻ȥةฮϴة½⡭
鼱֮£ʧ˿ڣὭة½⣿
Ƴɫة᲻½Ҳ֪˵˺ҵˣҾԭ£                        

038

һҼªջ, 꿻𼱻Ǽȥû˩þʹ˽ȥֱܵ¥, һš
Ὥ۴򿪷, üͷôˣùˣ
ҼҺԺŻˣ
Ż㲻ȥȻ
ǸŻ𣡡ȥ, ¹ϣҧ˲ˣ
˭
ҽ㣡
鿤ὭƬ, ԩ޳, Ϊηҧң
֪Ϊλ£꿽̫Բģҽ϶Ӳˣܾҽֻˡ
Ὥһüͷ㺦ңΪλҪ
ڴҶΪѾˣҽ㶨ȻҪиʵֻǼ, ûˣͱҽ㱳ôˡ
Сү, Ὥ, û, ߷Žȥһ, ҾпܻȥܻΪԾȼʱ, żһ, Ⲣǿˡɡߣ̫δżøңҧ˵̫أû侲Ծ, ǻܺúû𣿡
ʣҲҽֻһʱͿҽẦġ
֪㲻Ầң뺦˭ԼҲ
ҡβ²ǳ÷ȥء
ۣòãҽ㣬Ҳܲ
Ὥۿ뵽˵ҪȢԼʱĸжԼպҪ޸վͬˣãһȥүүˡ鿤
꿼һӱסлл㡣
ὭһƿŮˣ㱧
꿲ǽ˹ȥԶֵܣ
Ὥۣ
ҹὭۺѾҹة࣬ڵ̹ͬԼʵݡ
ԭΪүүᱩŭû뵽Ĭã̾һֽ۶Щ꣬ˡ
үү仰ʱЩסίҲѹסͬһӿ˳ŮТ
ʲôأةཫ£˵۶Īޣүү㡣
ҲƭүүὭۿŵүү۰ңҲүүôá
үү㣬ΪǵݣΪ㣬ҵУεͷةͷ㲻ΪԼŮԱǰүү۰ӣԺҲүү۰Ů
үүôͬһʯѹۣжȥЩеίͺڿнȥ
侲˹Ὥۿ޳һţϳصةҲۿᣬվһԵ꿿ŸжҲĨĨᡣ
ة뵽꿻ߵǰҾлСүŮһ
ܵæةˣ֡侲ʱԾȣҲǴȥ˴򡭡
ةϿҵ֮»СүʱæܣԺѰʵĻᣬϷ취۶ݡ
ԥة࣬ʵ
үүὭ߹ͬվһʵŮѾ뵽İ취ˡ
ʲô취
ұҧ˵˶ˣŲô˻ᣬὭʧԱݳ֡
ةȻ˵
Ὥص
ͬүү˵Ҫ޸꿵飬ةཫеһߣСǰ޸СүΪѰıӻүүᱣ㣬ɲüһơ
ʵὭڵõүү½ʱ򣬾Ѿҡ꿳׵˼
ԭ꿳ףûеõ½ǰ£Ѱıӡ
үү֧֣ȷʵûбҪǵü޸꿡
οҲû뵽̫ӻҧ誣꿵Ľ㡣պļ޸꿣Ƴ˶ߣֻ¶ˡ
ǰѾӦҪ޸ڻȢİ֮˽ţӦʱԼӷоȳǴʱԼܾ
룬ةүүǰгŵҪһЩ顣ԭԼʵݼ޸ģȻȴὭ۵ݣôұ㻻ݼ޸꣬һжȥٻ
һٻʱҲܳ
ةͬһͬˡ
***
ةฮƳ÷Ѿة࣬ԼὭ۵ĸĸ
ὭѾ˹餣ة˵ԭϷԼģû뵽׷ͺڷˡ
鷢̫ͻȻةฮһƬϧ֮ةʹܲסĴͬƳ˵˼仰㱻˲Żطˡ
ƳͬὭ۵ĸĸ˵˵ĽûΪ鿤ݶ
Ὥ۵ĸĸӦЩ֣ḸʼղûΪӵֵرʹĸȻ鿤֮󣬷鿤⣺ʲôᣬô۶أǱݺҲ˵
ɽׯɭϣ˺ܶవɽׯһһ˼ӣ鹫¼꣬Ѳࡣ
ĸɫЩţ鿤ģǺã
ƳΪھ鿤ȨƣǵȻҪܳͷǲΪݶ¡
ĸɫȴûΪı֤Ҳ⡣
÷һֱԱ˵Ҳ۲Ὥ۸ĸ̬
뿪ةฮ÷ҲͬƳ˵Լɻ󣺡£檾ǹֵֹģṫͻȻΪĸķӦ
Ҳ֣ǵļ£ȨʡƳ˵ὭˣҪǸ鿤
ǿı㣬ռĸҲڹУ̫͸飬ô÷᲻ΪԵϵ鿤
Ƴʲôʲô
Щ𣿡
ϸ£鿤ҧ¸ͲǳὭȥģǳ÷ȥġ
Ϊԭ¡
صк󣬷Ƴȥ鷿鿤£Ӷ˴һܡ
ǷƳԲģִҪ鿤
ʵۿǵѪԵͻʼ棬÷ƳҪִ󣬰鿤һѵˣϾı㣬ǰʼˣǽа֪˻ʼҳ£ʵ
ôΪƳ˵Ϊ˸Ӧӷͬοֻһ˷շϢǲŻŷʼңλ
ʵζﴦ
ݶῤţڹ
ʵ۵ĸ׿Ĺĸ޵á
лѣƳޱ˵ĸͰƽΪ˸ĸȴûܺúý̵ӣҲȥźͰƽĺΪˡ
ʵָĮһ鶼ˣ
ƳնѾȥةฮˣὭ۵ĸĸةฮ֪Ὥ۵Ǳˣºةģȥ̻㡭
ʵ۱ҭ˵
Ƴȴ̹Ȼʲ˵Ĭ϶ľˡ
ʵָ̧ŵ⣺ף޻˵ʲô޹ȥ
Ƴصʮˣûк÷̫࣬ȥ˯ˡ
ºã÷ӲϢƽȣǲȻƼ۾һֱڿԼ
ô˯
ң˯š
÷һҪȥ÷𾭡
ãƳסļű𶯣ͺá
÷ֻùԹţңͬĵģԸ
һֱ˽ƳһЩƳ˵
Ὥһ·ͻȻع֮³һܣȻ鲻á
û£ƳгγֿҲǵģԼУֻ̲ס룬ûаѷøὭۣǲǾʧȥˣ
Ϊ뷨ԺпƲסƣԼߣҲǾޣֱܵůԼţʵ 

039

, ûܳѶ̷׮ֻҲԩֻ˷߽ȥŻһ£뵽˷ŵǶߣûҪὭ۵˼, ֻǿЦ
ΪƾԼ, Լһĸ׺Ӱƽĸ, ׮£Ҳܵ
Ҳ۱, ĸһ뾡취Լġ
ֻҲû뵽, ûܵĸ׵Ĵȣһֽگȥţ˼ꡣ
ˣͰƽΪŮ޷Ҳֱݶ˳ͰƽķţƽҲֻһʷְ
誼ֱţһ, һʱŵһֱڹע÷壬÷嵱ڳһ, û뵽ȥ˻Ŷ, Ҳû뵽÷żøὭ, û뵽Ὥۻɥ
گʹ, ֱĸȥ, ĸ׻ڲĸ, ҲǹģûҪҲ֪˻Ŷߡ
û˷, Ҳֻ˷飬жŮȻŮ޵òӣԹĻҲû˵ڡֻ޹ˣŷؼҡ
ĸף̫󲻹𣿡誽ƽһЩʵ
ߵ̫󲻹ǣ̫Ӳóʲô磬ִҪҪдꡣ̫ͱ´еͣΪܽ
̫ӵΪαƵôݣ誺Ȼ뵽Ī̫ѾµԭԵ̫
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Ҳû뵽ӣ˵Ҫޣĸףǻܷ𣿡
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ةฮΪὭ۷ɥ
Ὥۺ͵͵ȥҹة࣬Ҫ꿵ϲҪ׷誣ةҲӦˡ
ὭһֱסǸСջţȴ¹ȥݼ޸꿡
Ϊ£Ƴͱ˺üĲ죬ۼؽгﱸŹ꣬ƳҲڳﱸһļ䣬ÿæŻ
÷ѧ˰µѾһЩ
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÷ƼƳһֱϥǣ뵽ǰʱȪʱ̫˵Ƴϥǰܹˣ䳱ʪʱͻͻʹ
ѩֳѱǾַˡ
÷ȡ멣һ߰Ƴϣһߵ£ѩµòʻȥһȪɡ
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÷ͷƳ˶ǰ׼ȥȪ
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÷Ե˳ôˣ
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ڳرϣ˫۳ڳرϣͷ̾ĺ
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ˮȷµżˣƿ۾͸ƬСС϶濴ȥ
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ʱ˿, ǳԼû, ʹȥ
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Ժ, ʦ书
ĺСϰ, ʶҲʲô
ֱ, ž̫Ӵ, ĸȥǹ̫»֮ϲ˵һ뾩ĸ, ˵ԭ
ʱԪ֪ԭʦգΪгһܰ¶
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Ҳ֤ݣ̫߷̵˸޷ͨҲҾǡԪ빬Ϊ̫飬һὫԪ빬ȥֺ̫ٽӽ̫ӡ
ֻһֱ벻̫ͨΪƹضʵۺͻʺΪηӲѡƫҪѡһƵ̫֮λ
벻ͨ⣬һֱû
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Ԫⲻ뵽ԼĲ̫Ӳ̫ӣȻ󲨣
ȴ˵ǻʵۺͻʺ˶̫ӣ¡÷塢ѪͳΪǽҴҲĴΡ
һǺѵɷһЩ֮ĸĿȰδӦˡ
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Ҳʵڸ߿ɫˣ÷Ҳֻ֮ܳΪˡ
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ΪʧãȥİˣǸϽλ·
Ѿһʱ޷˴ֻòӵż֮С
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Ĩһͷϵ亹ˣһԼֵģúõȪûݰȡ
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Ԫɫô˵أǻŮ䣬ȷʵһЩȱ㣬Ըе㸴ӵġ
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Ѧŷȥ÷ķ, ľ, 澹װһԲѩˡ
磬ֶѵġһ
ˣ÷Ƭ̣Ц㡣
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Ķ, ɲҲͻȻ, Ҳ, ⼸һֱ, Ϊ, ۲ⳡ
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԰÷ڻһЩѩˣһġ
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磬úȥǰɩɩҡ
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Ȫɽׯ
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ů˹ķ䰲˯ȴڴѩ׷ɵĽͷǰС
꿰յʱһСׯ壬Ѿż춼ŲԼˣѩⲻߣʹ˿Ʋڼ
壬⼸Ϊβңöͨס֣Էȴ̫Լ֡
ȥɣ˵Ҽǰôã˿ָñˣ
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СҵѾ˾õӣ֮ǾƸ񡭡
꿲ţǿЦ⣺ƭҵİɣǰҲƭңΪȢš
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Щ鿴ˣˣҲûбҪپˡ
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ὭԭѾ˯ˣֱҷŵѡ
ЩһֱסڽСջУһݣ塣
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򵥴·հѷŴ򿪣꿱һĺ;˽һֱ߶šҺˡ
ʲôˣὭ
ҺôȥȪɽׯҲȥȪɽׯͲᱻҧûбҧͲ뵽һƣûмҽҲܵطĸ׺͸ҲᱻݶţһڶúõģҺܿȢˣ˵ţʲôûˣҲСүҲϼ޸ˡ
Ὥ߶߶˵һѣ³ҹƷԭİĹǣܾ
Ὥ۵ĵһӦǣȻǸﲻ޸ˣԼҲûбҪˡϾȢİĹȢԼҲûʲôˡ
뵽ὭлͦĵģҲͲƽҹ﷢Ʒˡ
ȻĲᣬǸýĵҲý꿣ҼһȷʵͻȻ뵽ģǣȴԹҡձҧ˵˲Ҷ̫Ǽ״Բڸá
꿱˵ڵʣһֻ˵СҰޡ
Ὥһйһ󣬲߹ȥο˵ڲʲôûУ㻹ǰһ̫̫һȥʹְֻҪڷܺѧĴƣгͷصһգʱٵǸãȻ¹ҫš
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Ϊô
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Ԫýζ, ĩ, һ䣺˵, ô, ΪʲôδȢأ
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ԪϸϸƷ仰Ȼ뵽壬أǰ߻Ǻߣ
Ұ÷ЦЦҼȲǰߣҲǺߣҴԵߡ
Ե
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Ԫ⾪ȵ޸̫ӵµʱ򣬻ûϲ̫Ӱ
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أ
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ԾʮֶҲ˼ȥ͵͵ߣճ˿ջɢὭӭͷײϡ 
˰ὭۿһۣԵ㶫𣿡
εˡ
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ʱ̫ůϵѩˮһҹػǷƳ÷·ϻߣ뺫֮󣬱뿪ɽׯ
ȥӷ̣Եúã˯úãе㲻ġ
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÷Ҳ˼䣬黹תЩġ
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ˣΪ꿵ӣӿȥˡ
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˷꿵ĸĸͽ㱻ݶǷƳҪǵĴΨûܵ
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ǣӽ쿪ʼҴúѧϰٲˡ꿼ᶨϾԺ¼žͿˡ
ƳͻȻϽЩ⣺ͦá
ԭΪһʱ𣬹ձָԭģû뵽ʮ죬ĿҵʮѸ٣̫е̾
ԷƳ˽⣬˳Լʲôӡ
ʮʱ÷һֱ飬ҲüĿ
˵һλԨҽʲô֢ѲʮǰǵǳߣҳƵİ취Ŷסǳ顣
ǵǳ÷֪ģ길״Ѧ÷ӵйӻʱΪ˰ѵ˵׷ӽһ߳ǣǡ
ԨΪ߶£ٱ鼰£޴Ѱҡ
÷룬ҵ÷ĲҲõҽΣȥҲ˵
ƺλҽ˻ļҪȴֲ֪ӺѰ
һڱһֹҽһũҵһֻţ˵ţӴᣬ׵ϴۿˣû뵽żȻũ޵ÿ˳ָҽκˡ
÷漫ˣҵطƳȼ˵Сһ׮ɡ
ǾȥѰλҽأ
̫ܵ˴٣һʱҲҲκټ
Ȼⰲţ÷ÿоʱܱҵλҽ
һת۱Ҫˣ÷ðһЩȥһЩִһЩȥ֡
ԭ;Ͳٵ֣⼸ԥˣݷ˸ˣɽǰ·ϵﲻ
÷ӺɽȥȥĸסԺڴɨԺӣƺ˼֡÷ǰȥеɨݸŮǰˡ
˿ŮȻʮֿģ̫Ӹһ𣿡
æһݵ飬æŮȥӲУ÷Щ
µ̫ӵæҲǵùġ
ǵԼҪġ˵ƳδˣȻɽɽվһվҲǸ˰ˣ»˵һ壬һꡣҲ
̫ӵģΪѾʮָжн㿴ҪŻ롣˶̫ӴãҲҪã롭
׷ģŮ֪ģ÷ŮЩһֱڴһλҽ䣬̫ӵϥܹˣĲһҲ˲Ůҵλҽͺˡ
ͷ汣ӣԸҵλҽ
ʱ֣˽÷壬ƳѾɽˡ
ҲһԼ·ͷ÷һɽϾŮˣĸûвһ۵ĵ
ճԺţһ󺮷磬˿˼÷æнԼùĸϡ
û£ײ䣬ŮУߵżˡ
ŮҲ䣬Űɡ
Ƴ÷ɽӭȥòغһĸ
һĸϲЦտ̫ӵ¾õˡ
ĸˣҲŸյѡƳ˵ţ߽Լϵ÷ϡ
ⷬȻ÷ܾѾĴϵϣЩɬлл¡
һˣлϲÿңһֱ˵¶ĺãţ´ĺáΪ
ŮȻǺܶ࣬Ҳ֪˵ģŮ޸ġ
˵˻˱Ҫɽȥˡ
ƳŮ˻ȥԼ÷վĿһ˵Ĵߴ£
ڻȥ·ϣ÷巢ַƳʱʱԼһۣ΢΢ƺǲӡ
½ʲôĵ𣿡÷ʵ
Ƴšһ
ʲô飿
ƳҲůůЦ⣺ţĸ˵ÿ˵Ҷĺã
÷һ죺ڹ̫ӵദʱ࣬ĸĵȻҲǵˡ
Ƴ죬ȴ׷ʣã
÷屻úߣһʱ֪ôļ˵
룬ĳꤲײʲôݺݵ÷岻һûȣһͷ˷Ƴ
Ƴס˱ߵػ˼°
ô£ƳŤͷȥ
һŤͷ÷һ
ԭͷϵκӹͷڷŵĵ֮䣬ͷزһ
±𶯣⡣÷
ƳȻãһĻ÷£е֦÷סͷʱ˵ľ룬һ׽
ͷϸż䶯ֱĪʡ
ãе˶ڽ⿪ͷһ̧ͷ£ˡ
һûܰѳסͷס˵С졣 

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̫ӵ, ȵ˼ʯûȡϳҲͣ
ƳŻӣĿ, δ
̫ӵ, ³鿴, ʯѪ
Ƴüͷ壬е˶ҲĻ, ӾҪ󳷡
᲻, סԴ㿪շת֮ڳƬ̿˵һ䡰ȥһ¡̶ָȥ
죬̫ӵ£Աߵзһ˵ˣѾȥ, ʯӦ·ϵġ
÷ţƲ, ֻҧһĴ
Ƴͣ¡
, ҪҪȥһ£˫ˮ, ˫Ǳˮʪӣ, 
ƳĴָһĺ촽ȥһ, ڳҡ
á
Ƴ, ȥǸ˵ˡ
ǸʮӣѪ˵Ĳᡣ
·˶, Χ˲ȳĽӡƳ»·ķͽ˺󶪵ġ
Ҹҽҽһ£һʲô顣ƳԸ
Ǳ㽫̧͵ϡ
Ƴתص÷ϣͬ÷˵һʻ
÷巽űͻŪʴӣһξ֡ߴģĵǳ壬ڳж侲һƽۼ÷ҲҿĿҶֱ£ļĻУŵˣ
÷ҡͷ־÷֮鱾Ѱ˽ţҧ촽Ŀİ檡һΡֲá±Ц
ʵҲǷƳһǹȻ侲ʵ˶䣺û£Ժ
˵⻰Ƭܵϣ˵ġʲô
ΪҪˣ⼸ĻҲͣ˿Σ꿱㱧ֱȥջὭۣط鷳ɴҲڿջҪ˸䣬ÿϱὭŽѣԷ緹㿪ʼѧϰ
ЩὭ۵ĶרĿҵʧȥ˳һƬĸΪܲݵڼԹǵء㱻ڼб˼ҲĸһԹ
ױǳˣÿŹɣŻؼңؼҲԷֻ˯ڶ뿪˼С
ҲʵܲˣŴӼа徻ܶ㼸㼸졣
͹ˣҪةฮ𣿡Ὥۡ
ڴ߿飬Զѵúůϣů
յὭֳһ㵭ĹΣһ߿һ˵Ȳȥˣүүڸ׼µݡ
ҪСջ𣿡
ͦõģ徻
㲻ù¶𣿡
ôὭ̧ͷһۣҪҹ𣿡
ͷڼҲģأ
ὭҪֶһ٣һƷ˿ҳϣ㡣
ֽͷɵǺǵسЦ
Ὥ۵һֶۣŵġ
꿲뿴ˣſϿۣˡ
ҹֵģὭ۰ߣڻŮװԭҪһЩıһò
꿰㲻³ԳɸԺûȢ
Ὥ۰һۣҾͲˣŮֲһҪˡ
һȭˣ
ˣƶ͹
ϣ鿴顭
***
񵽵Ǹ˵˵Ϣдһֽϣ˶
Ƴû÷úһۣһۣͽ÷˶Ϊ֮һ
Ϊֽŵǰдӵ֡Ԩ
Ԩ
ǸҽҲнԨ
÷¿ȥд챻͵ҽҽκ󣬰ҹʱѹˣͬ
Գλ;һСʱһҽݱ̧̫̫ǰѯʣ֪̫̫˲գҽݵĴΪ̧׼¡
̫̫̽ⲡеΣ㿪˷ӣץҩ̫̫¡
û뵽̫̫ȥˡ
ǻ˼ҷ˵ҩ⣬̫̫һһ٣Ұ⡣
÷û뵽˻ǣһ׮ϸһ飬Щ֣Ԩû˵ѣô̫̫ļδΪЩϳ
ָԨΪβ٣˴һٶҰ⣿
÷ĵģԨǲҪҵҽ
ֽȥҷƳ
Ƴʱ鷿
æһ꣬ЪϢ죬⼸費࣬㶼ɷƳˣԼŻʺȥȪɽׯѾûˡ
ƳҲ뿴裬Ǿض÷ߡ
С£̫ˡ
Ƴ±ʣ鷿Ѿƿ÷һ߽
̫ӵ£ЩļУߵߣ㿴
ƳùֽûסԼϣƳһֽϵݣôˣ
ǽԨ÷ڽԨĳֱоϲֶָ˵һֱ䣬һλҽҽκõµȼ
ҽƳ뵽һϢӣҽôᱻ˴Ǹӣ
÷ôֽϵݣһֱԼָֻֽдԭ򡭡ѽԨ
½пȥһλҽɣ
пգƳûǾʹӦƳһԵ裬ֲֻһ䣬ҪȰЩꡣ
÷ƼЩ軹٣ǵǳȲŵˣ檻ض
˵űҪ
Ƴסţҡ
÷ͷƣţԼʱϵģ
£ʵĶ˶ᵲŵ¡һ̨檸ĥɣ
ƳĴָϸ£ŷá
÷䣬վһĥƳҲˣãĵٶҲࡣ
÷˼Ԩ飬ȷҽԨⰸӣҲþòô¡
һʱ󣬷Ƴеۣո±ʣǰݹһ衣
ºȵˮɡ÷űӣЦӯӯ
ƳӹˮʱӸպõסǡ
ѾǰãƳ÷漴˻ʹܿϵҽݣѵĽԨ
÷ûаǵݸ߽Ԩֻ˵մŸеżȻҲ˵顣
ԨһίҾ̫̫ҽģȻȣȻʮİգȴ뱻˵һңʵԩ
÷̽ǽϱãΣ
ԨͷԼף±١
ƶϿǲģ÷ʱ֡һֱʵ⣺Ƽ֣ǵоĽԨҽ
ҽ㲻ϣԨǫǾͨҽɡ
÷ˣʮ־ϲ˷ʵԵҷϥܹˣȼ֪а취ҽΣ
һơ
ƳǰȥԼϥǡ
Ԩֻ˼£˲ԵɣϥǿͷˣûӺãµĲ
˵֮ͬǰ̫ҽ˵һ޶
ҽôҽأ
򵥣ö½ӡ
÷壺ûбķˣ
ûС
÷忴˷Ƴһۣ̫ˣǻȻȥɡ
Ԩס۵ģƵҩȫ󣬾˯һʹġ
÷岻ţҲҩ˽𵽵ޡϾ˽ǵ飬ôһ㶼أ
ǻһ°ɡȻҪԣҲҪȵԷݳȷźƳҽΡѾ㱨˹٣ܿͻоõ˹ġ
Ԩ˵ݶȻһ㣬Ҳûжʣȭлλˡ
ǾȲϢˡ
λߣˡ͡
ҽݳ÷Щʧ䣺ԭΪλҽİ취ҽηƳȣû뵽ʧˡ
£ڻع𣿡
ȻѾˣٻȥҲɡ
ȥĶ䣿
ӶˣȥԶ
ʱ򣬱͵ŵʱ÷һųԨڶû緹
ۼǳϦˣϻŵľ¥Ѿ࣬÷Ȼ뵽һȥ»һ𣿳֪һóԵĿջ
̣ȥơ
ջһҶصԿ߲˶ջԭΪģǰһοţ껹һ쿪ţԼĿջˡ
Ȼԣȫ˿ջССһ¥˿ˣò֡
ҲС
ǸϲˣȪҪݣҲҪԡ
Ȼÿһʱ÷ǰԵһǱӡ
÷þʳӦоУôܻСջ
ԲԶ̬һ֣һ¶һᣬϸǩϵ㶼˿У۾ԽԽ㣬ζ
һЦӣθڻôá

044

÷Ƴʱ, û뵽ôˡ
ԭΪ䣬Ӧûж˹ġ
У඼ֻǴŴֲѵѰ, ÷嵣ķƳϲĻ, С, ˶࣬ٻĵطɣ
ƳᵽƮĶص, ˵ް, ˶˵óԡ
ʷƳҪҪ峡Ƴһüͷ֣ͬΪҪǣ
£÷ĿȥѰŵλá
˵Ҳɣ˺, ڶſڵһԣȻǱ, ÷Īϳ
ϲĿζ, , Ρ
Ķպûλá
ԵȻԵ, ߹ûв
, θڻôáܳǸ, ҺǸԲֵĿӡ
̧ͷǣϴһޣ͸ôһĴ͡
, ˣʵûбλˡ÷ò
ĶȥŲţ
Ƴһ÷ţϴ÷Ǹһ飬ԼһЩ߲ˡ
ȫ֮󣬷Ƴһ⴮һʱ֪¿ڡ
ǲ֪ԷϾǹʱ򣬺Ѿ׼ʾˣֻĳԷʵЩţһ˳ԵҲûʲô÷ߣ棬ʵĳ̬
÷ƺֱȥҧǩϵ⣬ǴнӹÿһһĲ
ĺ룺ڶ˻·  
ԼǰûģǲҲиˮԼԼǩǩϵԡ
꿾Ὥ۳ԶٺóԵġ
ȻסǼҿջҲṩʳǻ࣬ȥҲˡ
ϾҪˣ˵ʲôҲóȥԶٺõġ
Ὥ۶ԳԵһ̫⣬ִҪȥһرĵطԷ˵÷֮ǰǿƼģ֮ǰԹһΣζΪˡ
Ὥֲֻȥˡ
ǼζرõĿջһ߸δ߽ѾŵƮ̿ĽͿ
ὭԶԶƼ˺ܶӣ̫ȥԼȥ԰ɣȥߡ
𰡣һסˣȥɡ
Ὥ۱ϰקſ߽֪żСЦӭӣ͹ٽλ𣿡
һѽὭƳ⣺һλ
ὭһĪҪȻڸԼʹƣ˼ߡ
ὭһĪǰʶˣ
û濴תȥ
꿾ֱߵ˷ƳǸԣں࣬ͬƳ÷кܣϱû뵽ǾȻ
ȻܳƺΪ̫ӡֻ̫͡űȽš
ƳƺЩӣһʱûӦĻ
÷ֻýӻ¹Ҳ֪ҵܵƼ𣿡
ЦǰϧܹһԡֿһԱߵĺλǣ
÷ܵɼҵĹӣӡ
ֵһһᣬҽ꿣Ӧ˵ҡ
¹ӣһһᡣôû˵λСүأ
˺ѿһֱû˵ķƳȻ˿ӣҳȥһ¡
÷ͺûô⣬һӽ̫ӦûὭ۰ɣ
ὭǼҿջЩ˲ŷ˽Ųͷһۣû׷ҲЩ׼ȥߣһ顣
֪ûߵߣȻ֪ðˣ˵㽫ˡ
һֻţЮ˽һƬ֣Ƴ͵渺֣Ī⡣
Ὥһ̫̫ӵ¡
̫񣬷Ѿϳ
ὭۣƳһ֣ԭŮˡ
ὭֽӷЩ̫ӵʵڲã¿ڲΪ°ˡ
ƳԭȲ֪ԭһֱ֣ԭΪ
Ὥһ̫ӵ¾Ȼ֪顣
£ŮװʵΪв˵ĿԣǹµġὭսս˵ҲǲѣܼʱԭݣԺӻѹ
ƳȲŮװĿԣҲμԵɣʵѼΪβԶЩΪλǣ
ȥֻʱһҿջ¹ӣȻѾˣҲ꿱⣬Ὥֻʵ˵¹ڲ֮ͬ飬ŰŲݣ²Ҫ
̧ͷȥƳı飬ϾҧİԲģҲִҪ鿤úõĻţǷҪ
ƳĽͣû˵һſڵɡ
Ὥл¡
վɵͷҿƳȴƼƳĽų˹
Ժϸװ磬ĪҪһϳƳһ䡣
Ὥ۲ŵ̧ͷ¡ֲ񣿡
Ƴһۣû
Ὥ۵ġˡһԭأм㣺񡢲лл¡
Ȼ뿪ǣ͵ûݡ
֪ᾡ컻ġ
ţԺСЩƳֶһ䣬Ҫ׼ȥˡ
£Ὥʣ˳ʵǺʱֲ𣿡
㱻ҧ˵Ǹϡ鲻ѵ飬ʸҽεĴܲ
Ὥ˳Ʊʳ˵ڶ⣺¼Ȼ֪δҧףִȥ鿤أ
ƳЦһ£ԭ͸ĳͷ
ƳߺὭһֱ˼˵Ǿ仰ϻܿ仰˼
̫ӵ֮ûв飬ΪľǸ鿤ش鿤ϾǳŮһ飬ҲһῴڳķΪ鿤ᴦ
̫ӵ²飬ô鿤δ죬δĽǲһģҪࡣг飬˵ܵĴС
̫ӵԡ鿤ǰѳķҲ棬鿤õӦеĳͷ
̫ӵǲµ鿤ԭ˺̫Ϊ˸̫ΣղŷѴۡ
ԭ̫У̫ѾҪˡ
ƳصջʱѾԵĴˡ
ôȥôã÷忴ѾĿ⣬ȥһȡ
ˣҳԺˡƳǣ֣߰ɡ   

045

Ϧ, ˰Ϸϲ֣Ϸ̨̫͵
ù֮÷Ƴһȥ̫͵
Է, λ, ݲҲ, ڿλã÷ʱ, ʮؿһۡ
Ƴ÷ȥǰ, ʱʺŷҲˣһ÷壬Ȳ˹
̫ɩɩ̱סĸ첲˻Ȼ£С, ɩɩҿĸ, ں档ҷźȥĸ, ǲ, »ʺﲻ, ĸҡ
÷СԴ, 뵽ݲ˿, ˵ĸŮģĸôأǰֻǱƭˣŻ㲻, ôùȥˣӦˡǳϦԲӣϷͬĸ˵˵ĸٻĸһġ
ţʮ˵ĻȻҲȫ˽ȥ۾Ҳɩɩ÷ĲЩûУ
÷شûʲôϢûô񻯣Ҳûʲôɫҵһλҽȷҽݺ󣬾ˡ
ˣǸˣ̫ˣĻõȴüĲܺˡȽڳ̤ʱǽŸһ档
÷Сð
ںݲ˿ǰķ÷ǣвһһķᣬĸŮദĿҲ׷ӿԺ֮С
Ϊ˵Щӣͱ乬Ҳûʲô𣬲б´ЩҲ侮ʯ
Ҳɵλ˵Ļ
˵Ƿ̵ĸ̱ȥʺҲ赲ĸȴѹˡ
޴ȻĻѻȺԼŮ
Ϸֻ࿴۷̡
̫ģԪ˵Ц̫壬Ԫ飬ɫҲࡣ
Ԫ̫һߣŻʵۺͻʺ󣬳÷˸к
̫Ҳתͷһ÷壬ڱ÷첲ķϣ÷Ķϣ˸һ£ƺЩʧ
̫޹Ҳĸˣôһ㶯ûУ̫ߵĻʺ˵
ʺ˼Ƭ̣ЦŽ͵Ϊ̫̫æˣҪ糯Σ绹ҪȥʹݣһļҲ̫ӳﱸЩӿǽۻˡ
̫ţҲͷʵ˵˵Ҳ̫źӡ
֪ˡ
Ϸıݺܿ쿪ʼˣһȳ֮󣬱ǸӼյıݣתʯ»̵˿ľսʵֳ档
̿һһ֣ݺسһʱڵϾûȹ
еıݽϷĮ̇˵ף
ʵۿʮ־ˣһӣʹǲǮ
Ϸ˹µл÷ȴ߷ƳһֱǸϷİ֪ʱɫ
ϷѾ˵̨ʰ̨µҲ׷һŷŹۿĸһ뿪ΨƳŲ
ߣ÷Ҳߣ£ôˣ
Ƴ۾һֱϷ̨ȻȥеҪ
ʲô鲻֪÷Ҳټ֣վǳ檻ض
ȥ·۷Ԫ⡣
ԪſͶ룬֪ʱһֻҵûȥҡ
÷뵽ƳҪʲô飬סԪ⣺ȱȥˣ̫ӵҪ˰һҡ
Ԫ̫͵ķһۣǺðɣҴٹȥҡ鷳ˣԼҾͿԡ
ҪҪȥ÷
Ȳȥˣȥ档
ҲС÷ûж룬ͬԪ󣬱˶
ԪװӸȥһת÷Ӱˣ͵͵۷˻̫͵ȥ
űݽϷ̨͵ʱע⵽̫ӵıЩԾ
һǸ߸ϵ̫ӣһǵ糾Ϸӣ֮ʲôǣ
Ԫȥ 
ֻ߽̫͵㱻ſڵסԪ̫ӷԸκ˽ȥʲô顣
ŶҶˣˣŽȥһҵģȻ̫ӲýȥұһɡɭϣĿڶ࣬Ҹط͵ǴվԿֻܲƬ
ûΪǣվһԹԹԵţҲȥˡ
̫͵ĴŹţԪڼе˵ʲôǱǷƳӦϷ˵
вͬĿһ߿һ˵Ӧڿʲô
ٺԪǰһ˵еƺǰ
нŲ߽Ԫæվã̫͵ĴŴ򿪣Ƴ˳һüͷΪ⣿
ԪָԼĶش̫ӵ£Ҷˣǲˣ
Ƴɫԥشһۣ뿪ˡ
漴ǸϷİԼͷҲѺ˳ﲻסغšԩëסա
Ԫ߽̫͵УʣµϷˣɫ죬еڿޣеЦеһִñı顭
ʮ֡
ԪȻ˶ֻ˵ĶһֱУװһȦ󣬲ŽжȻ뿪̫͵
Ƴδֱӻضȥһ˸ʺĸͬ˵Ϸ飬Żص˶Լ鷿ƽȥ
÷˵̫ӻˣһǰԺ鷿ƾƣвɵ
̫ƽȾƵģĪʲôĵ飿
뿪̫͵̫﾿ʲô飿
÷в޵еȴһǾȥ鷿
򵥱˷ҹȥǰԺȻ鷿ţһ£檹ҹ
ΣŴƳãȥ˯
÷нҹ˹ִֵֻȾƻθģЩЩ
û졣
Խʲô˵÷Խǵģţ檾Ͳˡ
ֳһĽŲ
鷿漴򿪣Ƴ÷ͬеҹһק˽ȥ
÷Ŭסӣűסҹˤϡ
Ƴ¹ϣеҹϣҲԶһ
á÷㳯鷿еһȥ
̧ͱƳ׽ס󣬽ԼĻУԼϡ
£÷ò̫ȵܵعסĲӣŵϢеľŷ̶̵һƶȹˡ£׷ʲôˣ
ûʲô£ֻһЩ¡Ƴ⻹δȫӿֳƺѵġļѣһû˵
÷ȴܹᵽںѹʹ࣬˵£һǲõ顣
ʺǰͬ˵Ļ
ʺ˵̫ǰܹ࣬ĲԲŻ˯ž
ʺ󻹶Ҫ̫ǰ飬ʹࡣ
÷룺ʺҪʵЩ飬ǲǾǷƳأ
ǲʣ÷Ƴһֱţ᲻ܣ
÷ţȻƳͬ˵һ仰·ߵؤ𣿡
˵һĻ÷Щ֣
Ƴ˵һЩؤвмģв򡭡
Ҳǰö࣬ںܼˡ
ͨؤҪǮ࡭
ǣǸһЩ
֪ôʵЩǲмҲֻ£ǡǱ˹Ūеġ
÷循㵵ộ
˻᷷ǹһЩСӣǿǵĸ첲ǴǵȣǻǵݣȻ󶪵֣ԴĲ
÷𾪵ò֪˵ʲôã
䲼ɷڽǼһٸֻΪΪ׷鵽ף˲Ž顭
÷һ
Ϸǰġ
÷Ǹǰ
ɷ䲼ŸгϷ࣬ѧͽ壬ຢӣѧϰΣյӼѹեĲ
ԭΪǶԸġ÷뵽ıݣȷʵΣյӼвʮָӣ𾭺ʥ飬ûеĻ
ǸͬܣôƵóƳǵЦһְֻˡ
£÷ǡ
Ƴֽ§һЩùȥϵľЩƺЩˣ˵尡ۡ        

046

尡, ۡ˵仰ʱƺʡ
÷ܸо˵ġۡڵ, һ˵ȱʱۡ
뵽, ÷۵ı, 嵽²ۣȥ, ٷˡ
ǳ˯, ŪҵȣƳʹĻУ۰Ҳ˯ˣҵһҲŹ
¡÷Ȼ׻ƺ뵽ʲô
ŷƳ˵Ĳϵһ, һŵĲ²⣺Īǡ̫ǰҲ䵽У̫ӵҲǡЩġĥĲ֮һ
ôأ
̫Ӱô䵽־أ
, ˯б˽ȴ, ʹѵһ, жôͿ־壿
ѹǰҹ˯žѹƧ
Ǳ˺
÷۵ü, Ƴ, ±, ˳˯ʱ˺ˡһֱߣ檻úػġ
Ƴʵеʹɢ, ãȻ۾˵ģһֱߣ
ǡ
ƳסĲȥĴҸˣ˵㻰
÷еӯӯˮһ£Ҳϸ£˵㻰
ƳСһЦ
÷ƼתãҹɫʵˣջҪȥ̳μӼ䣬ǵ£ȥЪŰɡ
áƳҡҡλεվҪߡ
÷æˣԼߡ
Ƴȴ뽫Ⱨ鷿Ժ޵ȥ
ӯŲۣʮ
ŲҪ
ҹֵصĹˣ״׷ͶĿ⡣
÷ߵͷСȰ˵£ⲻϹء
Ƴȴûһ㣬˽ŲǹǶ࿴һƵġ
޵Ƴ̺Ĺ˶˳ȥ÷ڴϺԼߵЬӣҲҪ˯
ϴҲˣ·ѣ
÷ס£檰¡
Ƴӣ΢΢ſֱۣԼ⿪½ӣһһ
Ǻ˾Ƶԭϵ·ԽԽ٣ӷԽԽˣֻһ˫޹ǵСԼߣС֮ȴͬ˻һȡ
Щܲˣʶ߬סֻС֣Լϣ壬еȡ
¾ȣ÷忴ѾҪ˵·ôأǳ檽һЩһЩ
Ƴŵͷá
÷´ߵߣƿһЩ
漴˽÷岻ɴ˸顣
ת׼صϣȴպÿͲסȵķƳʣһӵһ޹ؿͲˡ
̫ðɣ÷һƼ²ӣСһӺ˸ףԥߵزǰߡ
Ƴվԭزˡ
÷Ŀ⣬ϿӲͷƤ˹ȥ
Ƴڴؿ߹һ߽Ȳؽ§ڻ׼˯
ɸ£־òԣĻδ£Ұ㡭
÷æԼ
ԭҪµģĿע£÷ʵ滻·ֻȥ£¡
Ƴһǲ⡣
Ϊ̫ѣòԼﲻ⡣
һȥ÷·һ˵̫㼡ס
¡÷һܵ˴ľš
Ҫȥ̳죬̫ʱǰţƳ˯̫磬Щ졣
ʱ÷ѾˣռҲҪμӣװҪһЩø磬ȥѾƵ˽£ͷʹ
֪ģƳ÷쿴ֵֹģдһ˿߷ߣ
߷ߣ
Ѳƺ󣬶ʲôˣ
Ƴ밡룬ڻ֮ƺˣ|å顣
ϺԼ·ȥ·ϣ˺һ󡭡óˡ
Ļ䣬ǻһϸĴޱ˯ȥ
Դˣ֪Ǵζʲô
ƳмԼö顣
мźԼһˣôܾʹ˴סأ
Ƴ£Ҳ°
أԾְţȻͷһŴ硣Ա÷ǱȾһ㣬Ҳһ硣
ŷ޵Ĵǿŵģλӽ磬Īˣ
ⴰôǴ򿪵ģūǰһ顭Ͻȥϡ
÷˵Ҵ򿪵ģ̫ӾеȣұһЩǹˡ
ʵҲţʱŸߵķƳ˯ǳһӣ§˲
ֻСҲ˯ˡ
ūСЩ̫ӵº̫綼һЩɡ
÷ûסִ˸磬Ҳоȷʵļǵͷãȥɡ
Ƴȹ֮Щûʲôˣ÷һ뽪ʱЩЧ̳糿ķһ־Щˡ
Ʋס磬ɤżȣеһʱ־Щͷؽᣬηˡ
ĻʺһĲԾ̧һͷ¶ȣЩ̣ǲǲ
ĸҿˡ÷ԽԽܣûס˵ʵ
ʺеȻȥ̫ҽ
䡭
û£ֻҲûϵġʺοҪϽȥɡ
÷ҲԼ״̬ǴǿԵģ˵徻ҲǶĲ
ĸȻȥˡ
ȥɣȵĸȥ㡣
÷Ĵӵ˳ص˶
ӸУ̫Ҳˡ䲻ȥμӼ䣬ǱϾΪӣҲϹݣ˳˲¡շʳ
Ҳʱ̹עżÿһرĽ̡
ˣ˵ǴѾһ룬վף̫Ϊ岻ʣǰ˳˴䣬Ѿصˡ
̫ˣüͷƫƫʱʵ
һԵԪ̫÷һת˵̫Ԫ⵹̫ǲ飬Ǻء
˵
̫֪ܲ˵һǳϲ£ԢⲻãΪϲ¶ܵ˱˼ңԼմϲ£ǳɥ£ԢܺãζŻ¶ڱ˼ңԼҪк·Ԫ˵ռ̫ͻȻ˵ֻ̫õ䵽̫ϣôһ꣬㲻ֻ̩񰲣ᡭ
̫ĽͣомֵŶ÷ĲҲ漴ʧ㰡ͳ죬߻˵ĺ尧ҡ
ԪԪҺ̫̫ˡ
˵̫ҲʵЩӹȻȾϾԼϱˣҲܲŲʣԸһλ֣ŷЩ̲̫ȥЩȣܳء
ԥ̫ū˵̫ȶġ
ֲķˣѲһӲԻȣ̫Щ˵Ӳǿ׳ЩԺã㰾˶˹ȥ±ǣ˵ǰҵ
Ԫⰵ÷嵣ģ÷˽⣬÷ʮʮǲȴлȵģ˵̫Ҳһڡ
ѾͷˮҲľ
뵽Ԫ̫˵̫̫һžηģײȡԪ͹ȥˣ˳Ҳ̫̫Ĺ֮Ҳȥ̫Ǹ׸жˣ֪̫Ϊ룬һȥġԪ֤һۿ̫ȥ
⻰˵ȫ̫㽫½
ŷ̫ķԸ÷尾һڼ˲
Ԫ͹ȥʱ÷ոշη纮ҩθڵ£Ī˵ڼ˲ǵ˲ҲȲȥ
Ԫ⽫ʢһ˴˵̫̫ר˸㰾ģɲܹ̫⡣
÷ŵ˼ζܾԪ⣬֪ģҲ
Ԫ
÷Ծҡͷ
Ԫ֪ĽһۣȻһ̧֣ཹԼȥ                        

047

Ԫ⽫ڼ˲ȹ, Ȼ죬͵͵˸ã÷˵ǧ߱ȵ, Ȼ̫֪, ᲻˵ġ
÷мؿ֪, ˡ
һһӸҪ̫ءԪԼĶ, ̾˿, Ϊ㣬һʲô
÷һЦˣԪ⣬ҪһֱھǾͺˡȹʱŹˣֲ֪ʲôʱټˡ
Ԫ⡰ٺ١ЦǲȻھѡˣԺҲܾˡ
Ļ̫ˣ㲻ǶԺͦȤҪҪҰæǣߣԪʱ˼ҲûкܸȤ, Ǿͦÿġ
÷Ȥһ鶼ʼòŶ
ʵԪȷʵһֱźֻһֱӸ̫, ûô, , Ҳֻȥ, ûż, ҲҲʲôȥӽ
ǣߴ, ֲ÷忪ͷϾŮңҪһЩ
÷ͬ˵, Ԫư͵أҲɬشӦˣǾ͵㲡Ժ˵ɡ
ԪصӸ󣬱ȥ̫ˡ
õ磬Ϊ̫Ѿȥܳʱˡ
Ϊ˲̫󿴳÷Ԫװܶ߹ȥ̫˵̫̫˵ĺ⣬ȹˣӴҶڼˡ
̫˵÷ȫˣиˣСè簧ҽҲ㰾һѣˣպϳԵɡ
ѽԪȥ˳ض˰׷
̫Ե㣬ԼҲθں
󣬻ʺ˶
÷һЩźĺãů¯Աһȡůһ߿顣
ʺ˽Щ𣿡
÷վöˣлĸġ
Ǿͺã䣬ҪעⱣůʺ
÷ϴģ˴˹أ̫ӵû¡
Ů˼ҵӱȲǿ׳ҪϸЩǡʺؿӣԺУŲ̫
ʺȻҲǰʾҪˡ
÷ЩĸһŬġ
ĸûҪ˼ʺ֣ĳ޸̫ҲĸˣڶһһֱҪϺӣѱԺ̫ͱ²ٲѡŮⶫĸ;ã̫һֱר㣬ҲʧΪһλҵļѻ
лĸΪҷģĸĻҶϡ÷ͷеӣԼ̫δԲЩԻʺΪ롣
ʺΪԴºΪѣְοһʱҲż˳Ȼǡ̫ͱˣĸţ㲻ҪѹȰѲҪ
÷жлĸ󡭡
***
ջУڸὭ۰üë
һὭ۾һ£һһ£꿲ˣеСһӣҲˣüëû꣬˿챻ˡ
۰ֲܽгֻˡὭ޹
ὭԴձ̫ӵ󣬱Լòϵĸı仹ǲֻǳһЩлǱȥ֬ˮۣԺ󵫷ţضҪŨױʾˡ
õױݣǿܼˣɾ֮ǰԼ
꿽ãһĴȣԳԸıһüë״Ψһܸıĵط
Ὥ۾˵öԣӣž׼üë
µһʱ۵ó˿µڶʱ۵ᶼҪҪεʱѾˡ
ҶԼ²ȥ֣Ὥ۰꿡
һЦɲܺŶ˾Ͳˡ
Ὥۼᶨ֪ˣҲẰġ
꿻ӣ
ὭĬĬ߬ȭͷ
ʵ۵̲ˣһһ£иοܽʹ
꿱ܲˣӲˡ
Ὥ۵վӿһֻüëѾϸϸһһֻüëֻ˼ᳶ˳꿵ӣҲˣɡ
ƼӣԼ˵дЩζ˵ˣˡ
ˡὭͷ۾
ӵһ٣ͻͻӿࣺôôǡأ
꿸Ͻҡҡͷðаͷְ
ֻüë޵òһˣüһ裬üβһЩҶüˡ
Ὥü죬üëϹ˼£ʲִַʵڿȥ
㱿ģüëử꿴ùü죬ҽ㡣
Ὥ۾ȵüëử
һ⣺ǰרѧ
Ὥ˵һ䣺Ϊѧð
һڣ
ὭҲΪԼﲻڣԲ𰡡
꿽תӣԼüúѧţȸ㻭һֻüë
š
***
Ƴ飬ص˶
вһʱ÷һֱͿȣƺ̫ӣȻȥ
÷Զڽв߶ĸʱȥˡ
еѾ磬صȴû÷塣
÷ֺһҩ˯ȥƫ˯ˡ
Ƴʣ̫ΪҪȥƫ˯
ص£̫ĻὫ纮Ⱦ£⼸նƫ˯
֪ˡȥʲôƫ˾Ͱ
ƳԼæϻδţǱȥЩʳ
÷Եҩƺдߵãֻ˯̫٣һ˯˯һ磬ʱѾˡ
ҩһգҲࡣ
Ϻģԡ
ͬ˵̫Ѿˡ
÷׼Ӽ򵥲һϵĺ·˳Ƴů¯ԱߣδǱ顣
£̰˯»ôг檣÷建˹
磬˯Ҳ޷ƳƼǰķ˿Щʪǳ˲ٺҲпɣӦûˡ£˵㲡תȥƫ˯
ֻǳҩʱѹסˣ檻ǵĻᴫȾ¡
ǴȾҲ޷޷һҩˡ
ϷƳȥƫĻᣬֱӽȥ޵
ϻ˵һֱߣҪȥƫƳһ䡣
÷û뵽Ȼǵϵ飬һʱЩǺôǵó˵Ļ
ţǵã¡ҲԼ£ʱͷˣÿܵҲ죬ֻǵĶǵʱĸоˡ
ʮź
÷ߵض˱У¿˯ɣˡ
Ƴֽӱ˳ࡣ
̹ϽӴоʱȴӿͷ뵽вֻÿסһԼ˵뷨
÷º󲻾ãֿʼ̲סԡ
һʼ³ŷƳŬţԽ̺ͷԽܣֻòȥŷƳ
һֻıȥ㵹ˮ
²ã÷彫ת£ʵڲʣǻŵõҲ˯ã檻ȥƫɡ
ƳƺЩãǲҲȾϷ纮ſ˯

ƳͻȻȥϵС졣

048

ǺȻ˻, ߢ۵Ļ΢紵ŷ˺ϣһȦȦı̲
ͻ˹Ю̽һ˳Ȳ, ӨڴĦ, Ӵܳϸӳԡ
Ƴ̰ؾȡϢ, ֱ쳱, ǼҲ߳ϸ, ֹͣ
÷ͱ˱÷飬ϮȫͣʱŷԼֱ۲֪ʱסĲӣѹһֱϰݡ
£÷ӵسһʱ֪˵ʲô, ǵġ
ֽĻӺ촽ε˵, СҲΪ쳱˼, ÷Ƴûס
Ƴ, еĴй¶뷨
÷ͷ檻ġ
Ƴ, ûˮ顣
÷Ҳ, ӹ豭ȥ
ƳڴߵС, ٿԣ
÷ⳡ纮˵㳹׵ĺˡ
Ԫ³ߣԪ, ּԪӡ
һ̫ŷԪ˳棬ָԪ׼˺ö
Ԫû뵽̫ʮָж̫۰Ԫ⣬Ԫҵ
̫ؿʲôҵģҰ㵱Ůһֵð۰
̫ԽãԪоԽΣϾ̫һֱڵƳ顣
ϦƳ˽Ϸİͼͷ˶ץˣԪ͵͵ȥǾǱ̫ʲôץģ֪Ǽǰкӣͨƭӣ⽫ŪУȥǮȻ価ǵĿڴ
Ԫ⵫žѾˣǺôĺӣǧҲΪ
̫ôһ۾Ƴأ
Ԫһˡ
ȻоᣬǾȥһ
ȥֵ壬̫ͬ˼٣̫ԪֵʦʦǼˣԪҲʦʦԪӡԪȥ֣ȥʦʦǡ
ã̫ЦڵشӦˣ㶮øжǺ£øжĺӶǺúӡ
Ԫл̫⣬Ԫͳˡ
ȥɣȥء
ԪճӸ÷塣
÷Ҳġ
ǰʱ͸Ԫⱸ·ΣнСԪⰮԵĸ㡣
Ԫһȳţͬ˵壬Ҫȥء
÷뵽Ԫ˵Ǹȥһ˵ģҲҪһɡ
ԪһΪҪԼһȥ֣ʲô𣿡
ǰżȻһˣȷλҽմһ׮վ˵Ѿˣ׼ȥһλҽ
Ԫⰵһ˰Ѷ£һ
ƳӽտʼҪȥ糯ˣҪæ˲÷
÷ԼȥԨ̫ãǳ˴⹫֡
ý糿ѾţдŽԨһнԨȻǱԩġ
λز̫̫ҩǶԵģҲ̫̫ĴȥץҩСְģҩȴû̫̫ĿС
ԭСӾ̫̫ĲϿһˣȻܲת̫̫ôһˣԺ󻹻ǣԱ㽫ҩ˰̫̫֭ȥ
̫̫Ŷ
С˵Եɣ粻̽ȥãΨھ˵лֵܶŵһң˵Ԩӹҽˣһ٣ŴѩӵԶ
ӲѲ飬֮ˡ
Ԩб˳֮ǰΪƳĹϵбչ˵úܺãϵҲõòˡ
ռ÷壬Ԩʮָпҽô꣬һԡ塢𱨵ˣǹ˴ȣǾҪѩˡ
÷޵ҽˣкñĺѣ˲Ű
Ԩм˹գԨδл˵ľ֮ΪԺҪµĵطһ
÷һЦԺھҪæ
ԭȥҽηƳȼģȻȷҽϴ˵ǸҩӦõģҪͷ۶½ϣҩãӦò̫۵ġ
ǷƳͬ⡣
⼸һֱܺãÿ춼ů͵̫ţÿһƳȥݸȪȼһֱûٷƳȻٶһ۹֮ˡ
Ȼͬ⣬÷Ҳûа취ҽԨȥ÷
Ԩȥ˽÷
ѹ󣬽ԨüëýģⲡǰĪȾǵߣ
÷ͷҽȻҽһӾƳˡ
ȾðգٶЩ֢ǱȽصģӦʱ̫С̣߰
˻һվһԵ÷Ѧ϶ʮֽš
ҽҶⲡ𣿡Ѧ⻰ʱʵûе
Ԩ¶ɫһ÷
÷ЦЦ԰׵ϻżҽлֱ˵ǣԸ滰֪Լʵ飬ҲԸǰ˵ٻֻһˣȻ͵͵ҽ㡭
Ѧšӵҽʵʵ˵ɣҶǿʲôýȥ
СǼǿҽ˵ĻܽܵġԨ˵ⲡմ˷չȥֻһһأԼĪʮꡭ
Ѧ÷ʱס˺˵Ļ
ܿס飬ټҩĵ壬ػʮӦò⡭
ʮꣿѦһʱסؿڣ۾ᣬܽĽ
÷ҲЩԽܣôɰĵܵܣôĵܵܣ˶ݵġ
÷̹Ȼࣺʮ갡Ѱ˱Ƕ˵㣬ҽʮ꣬жʮˣӻء
ȥοѦ÷壺㣬Ǳģñȱ˶̣һ˻ϵ壬ֻ۳̣ӦÿһʲôҴϻ۹ˣĿӺһЩ飬궨Ҫȡʱһù٣ӰգЧң̶̵һ飬һҲȱ١
һ־Ļ˵ýԨλȻ𾴣ССС˾磬ʮСӷģҵԵȫԸȥҽĲ飬Ժ˭Ҳ˵һ죬ҵ˸㲡ҩܳҲ˵
԰Ժ˭Ҳ˵ܿĵعõҪ÷۰Ͱ͵ؿѦĺԿⰡҳһһڡ
⺢ӡѦΪЦ
***
Ԫȥּʦ̫λʦ󣬲δд̫ʱ뿪ˡ
ʦʦǸ󣬱ȥ˺ɽӺɽ뿪׼ȥһҿջһˡ
Ǹ˾ǵ֮һҲǽһˣ֮ǰȪɽׯὭ۳µʱ򶼱ץˣʣµһ֪ûУ
ˣȥһϷ飬ܴܲǸҵʲô
ûṦһʵˣɴȥ
;оһߣԪԶԶƼһͤһϤӰ
Ǻ
Ԫһϲ붼ûǸͤȥ
ȻδߵͤһԼ߲ȥͣһλĹڵͤȥ
ԪŲһ٣Īڵλ
ûǰߣվԭؿ
ǹȥģ˿شкЩ룬Ǻӡ
Īأ
Լһ
Ԫʱ
ͤеĺҲƼ
Ԫǵ÷ѣŮ
ô
ԪԼҪǰ־ЩΡ
ͬλ˵һʲôͤ˳ߵԪߣԪô
ԪֻѵԼ棬·ˡ
Ȼ÷ѣҲûвĵԪԵһ´͹ȥ
ˣλԼᡣԪ̽Եؿһۣ뿴᲻ںλԼ᣿
Ȼ˵һȥԼҲ١
ԪһиĲˣҺȻ·ˡ
˵תˡ
ίʮһζӶģ÷ǣߴأ⵹ã֪ûʼѾˡ
ܻ֣ҵɽµȴعίͰ͵ؾͻ˻ʹ
˻ʹӸ̫ԪźȻ𣺚GΪʲôţ                     

049

̫ƼԪ鲻, 㽫еǰʣ˭㲻ˣͬ˵˵Ұѵ
Ԫⲻ˼̫ͬ˵㰵С˼㽫һĵ˵˳̫, Ԫû, ˵ҵ, ʵҵģȴ޴ӿ֪, ĸҲ֪Ԫ³ұʦʦ񵽵, ǶҺܺãһǻҵĸǵӶֻ֪֪ĸĸ׳ú񡭡
̫Ȼ֪⺢ƽʱֵûûεģ⺢ʵǸ޸ĸС
ԪĪҪѹ, 㸸ĸȻϲȱˡ̫Ȱؿ, , , ֵλʦ۰, ӵе, ١ҪԼûе, Ҫ࿴ԼӵеģŻ֡
Ԫ̵̫̫˹дȰ, ͷһһķ᣺̫ãȴҪȥ̫ӵ飬̫󣬲õ̫谮
̫οԪһԪطϢˡ
ڶԪķ̫Ԫط俴ǻЩ
Ԫߺֱ˽
̫ߵˣ̫ʮ鶼ȥ
Σ̫
ǰСոԪİˣԪȷʵȥ֣˰ʱֺɽ뿪ȥߣ˺ɼҵĶӺ
̫Щȣʲôʱʶλģ
ū֪Ӻ̫ѣ̫Ҳ˵
Ҳ޿ܡ
̫ȻϲԪ⣬ȴ
ǰ⽫ڹУǴʲô˼ʶ̫˳ˮۣԪӸΪҲʱ̶һһ
ƽԪǺ÷һġ÷ڣ̫Ҳ˸ţԼ̫бĿģһĸ
òԼһ˹Ȼȥʵڳ̫ϡ
ǰֻ˵ԪһԼ˼ˣԪʧ뿪ˡ
ѹֽʱôĲģֻ͵͵ȥ飬̫һ˵ȥһ飬ǻδ䣬ԪϲһҲġ
ǣӦ£ֺ̫һ⣬̫֪ԪⰲģΪλҪôã
̫룺Եɣ⺢ӳýɰ᲻
ֵͷԪȷʵ˿ƣֻоϻҲ˵֪֪治֪ġ
̫ЦЦһСеĺӣ˶øжĵȻǲģֻǱ򸾴·ѡ
̫塣
ҿСʱΪ񰧼Ҿ͸һλᣬԼܴܲ·߻
***
磬÷뿪ʱ÷һɫС硣
Ƿ̵ġ
ϴηѩ˵ʱ򣬰ϵѩϣѩѾûˣ÷˽ϴɾˣһֱúţ÷ýԻعȥ
ԨסڽʱҲûбסס÷ԺҲʱչ÷Ĳ顣
÷Ϊ÷Ĳܹǲ̫ʵġ
صʹȥ㽫绹̣ʺѾݲ˽ˣԺǸݲߡ
ݲϴ𣿡÷ʵ
ˣڹ˴죬Ÿմ̶ȥã˵ǻͷҪǸء
֪ܸľͺãݲǰãȷʵʮ۰ģֻһʱͿˡĸŮؾۣ÷ҲΪ̸еˣȥݲ˵ĹԷһˣϴڽ绹
Ҳһˣйȥͺá
ްֻȥһۡһݲǲĳĻڹǲĶԷ̺ܺã
Ƴӹʹݻˡ
ΪŹ꣬Ҳˣʹе񲻶࣬꿶ŵ㣬ԼȻعˡ
Ԫ³ߣ˺ü÷ȫָˡ
ƳԽϱ˼ڴ
Ⱦ纮ǸϣƳ|ܶʲô϶ʮܡ
ǳҲĸˣĸһǼÿͬ齣ǰֻ߶˯һˣܰ㣬ߡ֪Ӻʱϰ˱˯ĸоŷԭô
ԼʱҲԽԽࡣ
ǱǷޣӦöġ
ǰԺҪúò
Ƴصʱ÷廹ûдӽ鷿߿ߵȣ˵عˣȥ
Ƴȣȥݲ˹ԷϢ
Ƴȵø⽹ǣһһǸģôͲ֪ԼĹԷأ
ûζʲô
Ƴһӣȥ÷л
ʱ÷ݲ˵ĹԷУ֪ࡣ
ݲ˱Ѱʵʱȥ÷ⲻǵģ÷Ȱ˵飬ܵһʮֺڡ
÷֪ԭ򣬹Ϊ衣
÷Сû˺裬޷ĸоԼļݲˣʵ࣬ˣֶ裬ʵԼԼԼµĵطĳ谮á
ݲ˶Ļ÷񣬵ǶԵģں֮У뷨վһЩ̫㻹ᣬ֮ҲûԵŮ裬᲻谮ĿԺǶ֮˱Ůˣ㲻ӣҪԴġ
лŮ
ǰ÷û⣬ǰʺҲͬԼ˵Ҫջãñº̫ˡ
ʱʺҲ˵Ҫ˽æЩ
ݲ÷ſʼ⡣
̫ԺĻȢŮ
ӦûģϾԺҪ̳дͳϵλĺôֻһŮأ
ӦûȢŮ֦ɢҶðɡ
뵽÷ʮֲ
ƳȢŮˡ
ͱŮһƳ
ƽЩ飬ˣ˵̫ӵȥ
÷Щ㱵غݲ˸˱𣬱뿪ˡ
ݲıӰϧôõ˶û޵ʼҾͺˡ
ص÷˵鷿ֱӹȥˣ½г檻ʲô𣿡
ƳȻ˵ûʲô飬ֻǵԼߣȻϴ˯ѡ
ûʲô飬ֻ㲡źã𵽴ܡƺ̫ĵӣΪʲô鷳գôˣʲôˣ
÷屾Ϊ÷Ĳһƣ̫ԺȢŮ˵飬ʵ˵ر£ԨİӽѾˣ׵ģ檽ȥȥĲЩء
Ƴ룺ԭΪ÷ġ
ֲҩģԺܵõϣ㾡ȥǡƳΪģҲֻˡ
л¡
Ƴüͷɢĳƣ٣鲻ѣҲʲô¡
ˣõʱ˵ɡ
ƳԽϲٱϣԡʱ˶Щˮ侲һ±׼˯ˡ
÷廹δϴƳϰ߽Ͳ豭õߵСϣһҹ÷ٿԣܼʱˮȡ
÷廹ûЩˣȸԼһ
յݵߣ̧۱㿴÷˹
յ±һɫһɫıɴ㽿۵ļڰɴ֣޳ľһϸǸƲ۾
һƳ豭еˮϡ
÷æ˹Ƴϵˮ£ôˣ
Ƴˮˡ                        
лҪ˵
̫Ժ᲻ȢŮ˵⣬Ȼǡ
ﻹжŮ

050

÷ӽʱ, һֱ÷Ĳ顣
˵ϲжԼļϣȻЩܲ, ƫΪ
÷б˸, ݲ˽ͬ˵Ļ, ЩãԺҲҪɺ󹬵ŮΪƳĳ谮Ѿ˼
ѧһ, ڸ˱Ů˺, 뿪ף
һ̫ˣһֱϣҸһ̿Ҳӡ
÷룺Ƴãȡһ£Թ԰, Լ˼롣
ǽһ֮溦, ˳
ȻƳԼһˮ
ǰ·ȫʪ͸ˡ
¿컻һ¡˵, Ҫתȥ¹иһ¡
ƳӺ汧ס, ͷߵ˵û, ϲ봩
¡̵ϢĶ, ΢΢ս
Ƴת, СԼǰ½ϣ
÷˼ͷȥǸӣŵСֱ
½߻, ÷度ߵرͷȥ
Ƴȴſֱۣʾ
÷ֻñֳק㽫
£ˡƳһƬ⻬ţߵתȥ
ȴһǼɴƮƮ䵽˵ϣƳ
ȣ˱Ѿձֱڴϣ̧ۿӿ⣬ƺѹõĺˮޡ
̫Ը⣿ʡ
ӯӯˮҧҧ촽ǵµ̫Ը⡭
漴ѹϣס˵Ը⡱С죬𡭡
õĳһ̣ѹõľ㾡ͷţ˴Ϣ
÷Щܲסݿܵס
Ȼ˵Ը⡱ûа;ϵĵ
շƳƼߵ˶δԼУԸӵű˯ò̫̹Сһš
Ƴֱۣ뽫§֪նһ£С챧Թ£ۡ
꣬ʳ֪ζ֪ƣ̰ᣬüΡ
ؽ§ڻУ壺۾Ͷ˯
̫Ӻ̫øȺҲûǴ
ķֹ
̫ӽ첻糯
̫첻ȥ밲
ⶼʲôʱˣΪʲôλӻ𴲣
÷ʱƼԼڷƳıУΪʱ磬Ƴ糯ʱ䣬׼˯ȴƳսѣ˯ˣŰɡ
÷һ㶣ţ
£Ѿ𣿡
š
ûȥ糯
ûȥ
ҲûȥĻ󣿡
ùţֱȥʹݡ
÷ӵűӴǵô𴲣
ƳƼϺϵЩɫӡǣڵĿһ£˶֮ĵһۿҡ
黹ãһ÷뵽֪ƣ󣬵ʱͷ˱𴲡
Ƴɰ̲סЦˡ
غĹ̫ӵĴæŽȥ̺
ƳɹźŴ÷ڱװ˯
ƳŹǶȥֻһ޵÷ŴӱðͷźҴ°ɡ
ǡȥȡ·Ƽ÷ϵʧɫ̫ôˣ
ָ÷ϵЩɫӡǣŵ˵
÷ͷһƣŷԼϾȻôͨͨСӡǣƼĵطǰࡣ
̫̫𣿡ֵ
÷εǡġ
ôŪģһۣ̫Ϊζ˺֣
ɵ÷ȻʧЦеߣСͬ˼䡣
Ȼ򣬶ϲɫ̫ˣϲ̫
Ҽ·
ǣ
÷崩·һȵ֮󣬲Ŵ޵˳
ѾãƳδ꣬Ե
Щ߹ȥȴǣһЩʹüͷһ壬һ¡
ƳƳĲԾº󣬽żв˵Ĺһ䣺ӻۣ
÷߬ſӺ޲ܽͷӵ£á
ԹùЩˮԡǻһЩ
л¹ġ
Ҫ꣬˵꿹ˡ
꿽ĻϿΣδƳ˵Ҳû糯̫ȥѯ֪̫ͻδ𴲣ɾ֡
¿֮꿱뿴ƳǲǷʲô顣
һͿƳ÷СҪš
պҲδ緹Ƴһ䡰𣿡˵ûԡһˡ
̫ӣΪʲôûȥϿΣһ߳һ
Ƴһ䣺ˡ
÷壺̫ô̫أ
÷һ֪𣬷ƳһۣԷ²ס죿
꿵ͷǷ˳ûɺ¡
ðź󣬷Ƴһȥʹˡ
յʹſڣһ¸硱
˶סŲ꿵ˢرɫ
һС˹ϸŰɴ񻡣
ȻƲòֻƾź¸硱꿱ϳ
壬ֵʱȻֻǶ̶̵֣ȴȫѪ嵽ͷϣٻصʱѾһ룬Ϊ
ڵ㡣·ֻصǰĿ⣬һδ꿶ġ
ƳһۣЩѯʵζ
꿶˵̫ӣȽȥɣͬ˵仰
Ƴû˵ʲôԼȥˡ
꿺վڹʹſڣ˱ȥԱߵĽ
ʲô𣿡һֱıѹڻżһȻҲƽҲ˼Į
ժϵɴ꿲ŷһһģҲѪ
ȻһۣǱ˭ģ
ԾȻҾû뵽ˡ
ԾķõӣȢ檵ˡ
Ҽ޹ȥ֪֮ǰȢʮС檣еıˣӳ˸УеˣȥҤС檵ˣҲֻ۰˼죬ͿʼǴȭӡܵĿ¸磬ҲһҲУ뱻ҤҺòãҼ޸ǲѵģҵʱֶ˺öǮǱҵ檵ģԸ޸ġ
鸴ӵؿΪܵĿۣ޷ȴԼʱ˿εʹࣺ壬Һͬ㡣ý޷һ̫ӣ̫ӾһԾ׶㡭
¸磬ҲҪˣ֣߰ɣҶҲҪٻȥˣԾ̫ˣһ춼ȥˡ
ûô򵥣Ȼȥɣһʱ£һ취ġ
¸硭
ҪȥˣҲȥɡ
¸硭޵øˡ
һҧʹȥ

051

Ὥ۷¡
Դǰ꿰ջھ֮, ϰÿһԷ
ջصӣԷʱҲûθ, ҧſӲ֪ʲô, Ҳꡣ
ʲô𣿡ὭۼһӲ˸
꿳ǿڲ˷һ, ҲߣԼʵò, Ǳ㽫
Ὥ, þû˵
ѹһ˻ǵӣԭΪ塣
ۣ꿼˵ҲǺʵӣŵǲˣ
û, ʲôġὭ۱ͷȥ
һرûϢ֮ǰ, һ˵
Ὥۺһ֪ͺá
ʵ, ʮ־, Ͼϲô, Ǹ, Ҳʵܡ
ȳԺأὭ, ô
ؼҰɡ
һöĵĸףѱΪǮٽͻȥ
Ӧðﰡ
סһ𰡣㲻ϲ𣿡
˵ʲô, ὭżҲֳԻͷݵˣֻѡ
֮ǰ㣬㻹
ȴǰ鲻ֻǵ²а
£ҪὭض˵ף̫Ӱæǡɾȳ֮ʮа|Ż߲ߡ
ĵֻܾ飬Ҷܡ
ȻѾ˾αظ˵ôࣿὭ۸еĿӣ¥صԼķ䡣
鲢ѽڶ꿺ͷƳ˵£İæ
ƳȻνġ塱ԾΪ֮ӣ˱ŰƣҲ˻ɾõļҷǷϽ
Ƴ˵һԾŰС檵֤ݣԹʩ˾һ
Ҳ˳˳
Ƴֻܾõ飬顣
Ὥϣ岻ϻؼң¸ٴγԼִҪ꿡
꿲Ϳޣһ߿һ߳ӿ󣺡¸磬ûеطȥˣһʱ䡭
꿸ı·߬ӾҪȥͶӣȲԸңһŻʲô˼
ֻý˿ջ
ὭۼǶ˻һﲻػص˷䡣
꿽尲һ󣬱ȥὭ۵ķţ鲻ҽƱ硭ǣҸ͡
˺þãŲŴ򿪣ὭŰ˳
סˣۣҪȥ
үүѾҰźµݣԺöˡὭޱ˵
ôôͻȻʲôʱ飿
үү
Ҫȥﰡ
ȥݡ
ôԶ
š
Ȼʧ䣺һҪȥ𣿡
Ҫȥ
еĹ𽥰ȥСʲôʱ
ڻ֪Ὥ뵽Ƕ˳˫ɶԻӣĪǾͲˣ
꿼ˣΪʲô
ûʲôὭ۴ƹȥˡ
׷˹ȥ㡭
岻֪ʱӷ˳ڰק¸磬Ҫȥһˡ
Ὥ俴һ壬Űˡ
꿼Ὥ¥ûͷһ۾ˣжʱЩʲôӶԺˣԱ˵ʲôû塣
ݣ
ôҪȥ
꿰յ˦֣صԼķС
ªķ䣬ʱﶼŲ˳ۡ
֮ǰΪλ֮µסΪסὭۡ
ˣ
·ûʰ¥ķ佻µķѣҲ뿪˿ջ
***
׼Ԫѽ͢磬첻ҪμӣԶڷصͼʹҲҪǰȥ׵ĳ𰹫Ҳʹһ̫ʮⳡ͢硣
½ﱸⳡֽ͢˷Ƴ
͢ȻҪ׼ܶĽĿݣֻϷѾƳǲɢˣԷƳҪڶʱҵʵĽĿԹıݡ
Ƴ÷ʰЩ⼸ҪȥѰһЩĿݡ
÷۷ƳС¶ҪΪΪβȥң
ѾˣƳֻͣѰͷȥһߡ
÷΢΢һ㶣Ц´á
뵽ԪҲǸģ£ܴԪһ𣿡
СʲôԪԪˣ
ǴأҲǸֵġ
Уֻˡ
÷÷ֻõǺðɡ
Ƴôϵֳ̫̾˿                        

052

ƳҪȥѰұݽĿ͸˻ʵ, ÷ճ˻ʹʵ۾ͺͻʺ٩̫ӣǰ޸ոͻʱ, ñӺ޲ð, 񵹺, Ѱ˸ûʵɣ̫ȥˡ
ʺΪ, 檾˵ûѡ˰, ̫ӳԺƢԽԽˡ
̫ȷʵûޣֻʵԥһ£˵ⶼ׺ü, ôûк´أ
˵ĺ£ȻָС
¼ʲô, ʺһ, ˼С͵ʱ, ŲиӴء˵̫Ӻ̫, õ鲻żġ
Ϊ, ô塭ʵ˼ǵ, ̫ͬĹ˵ȿˣٸ̫ѡ淺, Ϊҿ֦ɢҶ
ʺ֪˵飺ȷҪֺõ飿
ôˣ
ѵ̫֮ǰΪ̫ѡ̫۶һʺȰ˵Щѿ˴󳼣̫ӰСڵĸ飬ºο߶ֺõ飿
ջʺ˼Ժ󻹲ܸ̫ѡˣ
̫ӵ飬ȱˡ
ʺ˵˵˻ʵ˵˼
һߣƳ÷˻ʹһ·뿪˾ǣȥڱߵٰǡ
ٰһС򣬰źߣ羰续ȥĵط
ǸϵʱѾǰùɫѾȫˣСÿÿǰ˵ƣҹиոˣƳ÷ȥҹˡ
ҹںߣӴһŵʮߣ˱صİ⣬ĶĽοͣ඼ǺһСޣ档
ҹ֣ͻƣµգ裬Ϸ˿ĿϾӡ
÷δֵľ󣬱ȳϦʹİϷݻҪ֣۾֪ÿǳá
Ƴ¶СϾǶĺ;ȣ۾æ֪ÿǱ߲źãĬĬ߬С֣𣬱Ⱥˡ
ǹˣڰѰ˸̯Ϣ
ԱһǮһ䣬ͷϣŮܴǵصϰס
Ǹ£ۣ򻨣
һСӣҲһӵĻԱСس˳÷·㣬һ仨
÷屻ƼСƾɣӵģΪʲôҪһ
㳤úÿýҵĻҽ컹һûȥء峺۾ǿ
÷һ仨ͷϣԱߵķƳѾַһڻС
СæҲҪǮ⻨͸ġ
˼÷Ѿ˻㶼ɢȥˡ
СִҪǮƳ磬ǮûȥɣܿͻҵĻˡ
ӻ˷ƳŻվ÷ԱߣּЩţƯ
˷׷פ㣬ֻǲǱǱͯԱߵλɰ˶
мСӽĺӣĻƯ𣿡
ʹͷȻģ
СȻ֪⻰ڱģ̲סǮһ䡭
ҲҪһ䡭

ʱ򻨵ԽԽ࣬ҲѸٿ
ƳԼϱôþ۵Ŀǿֲǿ££ϵ磬ñӸϣֲҪ㻨ԭǰ㵱ɻˡ
÷Ц⺢ӣͦġ
СеĻʣһ䣬˵ʲôҲˡ
򻨵ȺɢȥǺһ仨صݸ˷Ƴ磬⻨͸㡣
ƳϲҲҪ˱ǡ
ǺɾŻ磬޴Ů˫ȫ
Ƴ룺ʲôϹұࡣ
֮ԱǣȴҪȥӣԵ÷ѾǶ仨˹ǳЦͬǺӵлллѽ
ǺӼͳȥŸ˵뿪ˡ
÷ŻƤؿ
Ƴľˣһ˴ģ
÷Ż۰ͰͿһ
Ƴɡ
÷Ц۾ͷϡ
˻Ƴڡ÷һһ˫ƵʵעĿ
ʵڶסͶĿ⣬һ÷ؿջˡ
ʱҲѾҹˣ÷ϵһ죬ֹһϵҹУȷʵҲˣϴ󣬱㻻׼˯
ƳȴջǱõĿջ˵̫ªЩ
˯ţȻԵ˼ڱ÷嶯ֶš
÷ʵ٣±֣ҹģֳЩͲˡ
ջķСȲöټ޵ǰҪûصģֳˣɻҪôţ
ƳգֻϢģŵһջһջ
ӵҪ˯Ȼڴϸ϶תǡ
Ƴһ÷ʱҲˡ
ԽǲԽ壬÷оƳĺԽԽȡ
̫ƳĴƣĵ¶̣ͬǲƣ
£÷尴ס֣檵ġ
ƳһϲΪͬˣȻתӣǽڣ˾һ
ڣ
Ƴ                        
лҪ˵ʵ̫ˣ٣¸Ҳϡ


053

ڱ÷庰һɤӺ㰲, ûĴţ÷תŷƳܿ˯ˡ
һҹɿ˷Ƴ, ڻ, ƫƫԲҲ, ֲýԼо§ôһ˯š
ڶ˶ú, ϾȲϳҲ밲, ѵóһ£ȻҪ˯
ϴ¥Щ緹ƳȥҹбݰϷˣ¼ڲᣬõصĸõǵұ, ףԪȥǱݡ
ٰǺǴһ, ֵۻ, һɨ, ʯ̾͵Ľֵ, ǹŵµС¥, , о¥һЩ跻
ڽţһַǰ, 鶯洫˳֮ĸ渶ǳ˵Ŀȥ
Ƴ÷פ㣬ҪȥſڱȺס
Ǵһ֧ţһλɫ˫Ǻ
ϧһƱƱѾҪȥۿõȵŶƱ
Ƴ÷ƺ뿴ǰƱ
***
ʹУԪ˵÷ͷƳˣҪüܻڹģҲȥ棬ɢɢġ
̫⼸ȷʵ̫ãעⰲȫһ
ԪھûʲôѣҲ˺һ֣Ծڽ䡣
ͷ˴˸̨ӣڱᦸ͡
һãüŸӣ׸ߵĸӣڸֶǵŶǵ̨µ
Ԫ⿴Ŀе죺ⲻǳϦڻʹбݵĽĿ֮һ
ٿ˵·ҲڹݵİϷ·һ
ϦϷݽ󣬷Ƴ㽫ϷİϷҲʹ˽ɢѰ·
ǰᦸ͵ˣ֮ǰǸϷˡ
Ŀ֮ǰԪѾˣȤҪʱ̨ӺȻˣڸݵúݺˤ
æţҵϣˤڵϰû
̨ӵ˼ֹһ뿪
Ԫöͦģһ˱һȥҽݡ
ҽݵĴ򿴺˵˵Щ˸߹ǣúúţڲΣյıݡ
Ϳˣ²ܱݣöûǮ׬Ҫˣ
Ԫ԰˰ﵽףԼЩӣֳȥһЩöˡ
öллл˴ʵڲ֪ô㣿
ͲˣҸպм飬ǡ
ʡ
Ԫ뵽ƳϷ飬ֵֹܾģϦ죬̫͵̫֮ӽϷ඼Ϊʲô
ö˾ȵǹ𣿡
ǱգҾ̨šԪؼǵãƳڿϷʱűɫ̫ΪҪǰץǷʲô𣿡
ö˶һۣԥ˵˳Ҳϲ֪ǰ˷ӳ¡
˷ӣԪü𣿡
ֹö뵽ϰѶĻԾзǰȥԶƶĵطƭһЩ˼ҵĺӣСĻòõľŪӵ֣һЩӸңᱻԼа񡭡
ֱ˷ָԪⵥţ߬ȭͷ
ϲһ£ȥԭ⣬ת齨Ϸࡣ˵һֱֻðǿ̱Щδ뵽ǰġÿÿ룬ʮֺ¡
Ԫɻ󣺡Ƕ֪ǰģ̫ô֪أ
Ҳ֪̫ô֪ģ̫ӷƶϸµС
Ī̫ǰʶǰ
ҡͷܰɣ̫ôʶˣ
ԪһЩ⣬ҲûʳʲôõǺú˺󣬱뿪ҽݡ
***
ǰ࿴һòᣬм÷Ӱӡ
ʱĶźλúദ
Լλȥߴһ÷ĵطڴҲǰһ
ɽվʧˣλվεˡ
ѩֱʱͬ˵һ仰˵ӰӣκһﶼϣΪ˵ϣԺһϲĹжǸӰӵ
룬ȷʵһֱһ÷ӣվûȫƵˣʵĴΡ
ûа÷Ӱ֮ǰԻȲǳɼҵˣһƿʱӦרעѧҵǡ
һλѳԷȥһλ¸صʦΪʦ
ھ¥ѵʱ򣬿Ԫ⡣
ʱԪճһӵĲˣҪˣһģڴûǮ
ӣŹŷƳˣԼϵǮǶãǮѹûˡ
׼عȡǮʱȻ˽һϮۣȻһߵĴӡ
***
ٰǡ
ʱַ볡Ʊǵһмλá
һ֧赸ΪůģĹﶼʮ飬ζϸʱʱ̨µĿһۡ
Ƴ̨Ҳ۵ĵطһòȻĹַݵĶ󡭡
ÿһۣ͵˼һۣѹŵñɫ貽ˡ
÷еĹӣ˳ӣôס
ƳƳһۣûɵӣŮ˶ķۣ׶ԣ˼ྐྵӣ
һգеλɫ˫ŮӲ橵ǳ
Աɴ棬¶һ˫ۣһλһ̬ȻɣǿǶ˻Ƶվ
СŮӰʮһ׳ˡҽһ䣬ٱߣֲŪңͬʱʮ輧Ժ̨̨߳衣
ʮһĸһһ㣬ͬóԡ
÷巢ʮһƺһֱؿƳͬڷ輧ۣƺ͸һϲ
÷͵͵ȥƷƳȴҲڿŰʮһдЩɻ
ֱʮһһңջרİѽĿꡣ
÷úǲСʷƳĿԴؾ𣿡
Ƴûشһʮһ̨ʱƳŶ÷˵Ƭ̡
ƹ̨ȥ˺档
÷岻֪ȥֻ̨ԭعԹԵš
Ŀ˼˾ֱȥ˺̨Ҳ׷˵٩Ī˰ʮһɫ̲ס׷˹ȥ
÷⻰ʱе㲻̫
ڷƳȥ֮󣬰ʮһþûлص̨׷ףп÷壺ˣȥô˻ûĻס˹˻ˡ
ԣ÷岻õ֪ƳˣȻԼȣ
ԼĪʱȥƳŻ÷ͷƳһĨ֬ӡǡ
һһԲƿĿ⡣
ʮһ̨ݣ÷ȴû˿ȥ飬ǿŷƳַ꣬ϰ˵ʮһϻᵥΪһλ˱ݣ۸ߵãߵٶʮܳٶʮӣܵͰʮһһܿʵݡ
ٶվСĿ̨µĿԥãҲ˽мۣ۸̧ӡ
ʱʮһĿ˷Ƴϣƺʲô
ȻƳһ̧֣۸ֱ̧һǧµĿѻȸ׷÷ͶͬĿ⡣
ַϰǮƳͳƱϣȻһֻСֶȥ

÷ôķ𾭣ڻûܰסеһ
ʵڲ̷ƳͱŮ˹һҹ
⡭ַϰ忴˷Ƴ
ΪƳᷢŭȴû뵽ؿԼҷˣ˵Ͳɡ         

054

Ƴڰʮһ̨ҽܵʱ, ;Ϥ
ǰҲһаʮһˣհףǼеĵʮһ, Ϊ, ֶûС
Ǳĸ, Ȼѡȥа
ƳۿݱɵĴϵӰסֽ, ׹һʯͷ, ôӽ˺У˽ˮֻð˼ݡ
ǰǧĵ˰ʮһеǸʮһ
̨ϵİʮһҲƵƵ񷽲ſǰ̬͸Ϥ
Ƴɻ, һգʮһ̨, ͬ÷˵һ, ȥ˺̨
û뵽ʮһվ
С磡Ằ
Ƴһ̲ȷ, ԼеǸʮһ
С硱, Ѿûж֪ˡ
ʮһ
Ƴɴ, ֬۸ǲסǼһ, ָ˵С磬ɢˣҪϳ
ʮһ, 㣿Ƴš
ҡ
㲻Ǳ
ұˮ֮Ӳ֪ɿˣǱˮ«έУŵԻ
Բʱû㡣ۿȴΪ
ʱȶˣܾң˹ʱʮһסǲŵؿŷƳԭҵСܵҲţôˣȢף̫ˡ
ͷȻ뵽ʲôæվֱӣң˵㶼ˣȴִ֪硭
û£ᡣ÷ǰĴˣƽС£Ӻӳȥʵ
һ̶֧ӣȥѧЩպԴıʮһҲʮָȤС磬ʲô
Ƴ޷Լݸֻ֪ԥһ£㱻˳
˵ұ㲻ˣúãȢһɰķˣƢҲǼõģҲˡʮһοЦЦȥɣ˾õȡ
šƳֻΪȷݣʮһжȷշԺ󶨻лĶ顣
ƳҪߣֱʮһסһ¡
ſʱ򣬲Сİϵ֬۲һЩļϣȥһƼˣǸóԴˡ
ƳЦһŲԴףδԹס
ʮһԲĨ֬ˣлһ˿Ǿʶһ˳Դ׵ӡ
Ƴص̨󣬰ʮһȥַϰ壬˵ϿԵ͵飬пԸ⻨ٶһҹ㡣
̨Ĵһ۷ƳߵСӣСӵɫȻ̫ˡ
ǿƳϵ֬ˡ
ʮһַ꣬ϰ˼̨˵˵͵飬мλ˽۸̧ʮһڴƳ
ƳϣȻ߼һҹ
ʮһƼСԭӵɵԲַϰ̨Ǯʱ򱬷Ʊȥ߬˵ʲôҲ
ƳóԸ÷Դף侲Գֵɰ޲ܽк۸һ
÷ƱԹַ߳Ƴ˰ʮһһۣʾл⣬ȥ׷÷ˡ
ǰʮһһҹ˼һǧˣַϰ壺ˣǲǽ׹Ϳˣ
ʮһĵؿһۣɴµĺ촽𣺡СŮղŸҿЦġ
÷ڽ˺һҲ˺ôһ
ƳȲͣҲ˵Ļôһ·ߣ̲ס뿴һۣٿһۣʵǿֱŤС顣
÷ţҲ㲻ˡ
ô˵·ƳеƱӣȴӡͷϣû̫࣬ˣź֪뵽Īģһʼû㻨һǧʮһһҹ
еƱһǧһһµȫʮģֻš
ֲôôأ˵Ͳˡ
÷ͣ½ŲԹؿ˷ƳһۣƱ檷ʧ̬ˣԺЦˡ
áԺ󻹿
£ȥ
ؿջʰȥƽϪȡ
Ƴ˷ֻʱ䣬ȻȥЩط
ƽϪһСׯ֣ɽ£ɽɽ¶СҲʱҵ·̡
ǰ֮ƳȥƽϪȣȶһջ
ɵƽϪȲŷ֣Ϊļջ缸ס˲ٿˣȻ޹ʸǡͬƳ˵ڰɽϽһɽׯɢ˼ũСԺȿסˣɳԷ飬۸Ȼ󣬵һջҪࡣ
Ƴ˺⣬÷ȥɽׯҪһСԺ
СԺ¯ȫζУԼҲһص顣
˵ƳδԹ÷ķˡ
£ǰҲû¹ȷҪԳķˣһѾõˣһӷأ
Ƴƺķǹ߽ӿʼвˡ
һֱԵĶʳȻδʳļ򵥣Щν׼ɣ÷Լ뷨ܿ˳³ضȥƳ
Ƴ֮һԲĬĬ߽һ                        
лҪ˵Ӱӵϻۣе٣ĩʱĻٸٲһ㡣

055

ƳķȻ㲻ζ, Ҳҳ㷹һԵȥչ÷Ŀζÿһزˡ
һֱ÷Ӳˣι̫, ԼûԼڡ
ôԣ÷ʵڳԲ, ˿ӡ
Ҳ, ȥԡ
ǵΪλҪһȥԲǸ𣿡
Ƴһ, ģķ, ķ
÷룬ķȻóԣµ⣬ԸԵġ
Ƴ⣬һǣһ
÷ͷӦ
ɽׯϱ߽һ¥ԳԷƳȥ򵥳Եͻ
û뵽˰ʮһ
ʮһ֧Ҳ, յ˲ˡ
С磡ʮһ˷Ƴ˹, û뵽Ҳ
ôҲˣƳ
ǵ, ÿطҲֻͣһѡ
ϲˣ
㿪Ц, λ, ȴҲ֮¡ʮһЦЦ, ǹԷأ
ƳԹˡ
, һԵɡ
ƳԭҲֻԵ㣬ȻѾ˷ˣ, Ҳܿȥ
Ǵˡ
šʮһȥŵˣ֮󣬰ʮһһŵˣе輧еʦǽַġ
ǰʶһܵܣʮһ˽ܵ
׽㣬㻹ʶӢĵܵأ輧ȤҲܸʶǽܹܵ˲ɣ
ʮһЦŵһۣ֣˼ҿѾȢˡƳ⣬ǶЩֱ֮ˣֻǿЦϡ
Ƴ̫ϲ˿ЦǿڰʮһϣҲû
ʮһǰжȶϺֻаʮһչҧͦ˹
ûǹݶ飬󣬼̡
÷Եе࣬ڷסţԼɽׯתת
ʱƳӦÿˣǱɽׯϱߵľ¥ȥȥһ
˾¥δȥ֣ȾƳ裬÷̽ͷ濴һۣպÿƳһ𣬰ַλʮһͷͬ˵Ƴ΢΢ͷġ
÷ͬӭͷһˮԭء
˵Ƴðʮһͬ˸ЦһĻʲô
ʮһΪλ
ΪλͰʮһһ
ǺϤ
÷̲סɽׯо¥ƳƫҪιԼ˳Ī֪ʮһԲŻὫСԺԼȴʮһԷ
˵Ƣչ֣һзọ́󸣱ʹСС
ܷƢܽȥӣֻĬĬһתˡ
ƳһٷԵʱе㳤˻ȥʱصСԺӵʱ򣬷ĵѾϨˣ÷Ѿ˯ˣϸһλá
üôû˯ˣ
ˡ
Ƴϴ֮󣬱Ҳ|ЪϢˡ
÷屳˯ģƳ뽫ԼĻУӸϾôҲת
Ƴŷװ˯ôˣ
÷۾˵
Ƴɻǿӣôˣ
÷岻˵ǵԼһ˵ͻʧ̬̲סΪʲôҪԼȥʮһͰʮһʲôϵ
ʮ̵һͱ˵ˡ
Լ侲ٺúһ¡
ƳûлӦգ۾˵
÷廹Ǳ۾ֽ֣ӱ˹ȥ
Ƴʮ䣬ΪԵ޹ʵˣӡ
ˣҲ֪κˣ÷岻ӣҲˡ
÷Լһ׵ķÿÿܾʱĬľһĹ˯š
ҲһȻһŻյľȶ𽥷ɣ˯ȥ
Ƴûֱ졣
ڶһ磬÷ڴȸʳ
һ˯û㲻ʱˬչһӣŤͷ㿴Ƴڴϣһ˫ڵڣƺ˯ò̫á
ѵĺ硣Ѿȫ侲÷ͬʺá
ƳҸû˯
ôû˯
㵫˵һ仰Ҳһҹ˯ž                        
лҪ˵ȲϽǧȥ賿ǧҲ֪ܲܰʱ
ǰҪæʵ̫ˣǼ°

056

㵫˵һ仰Ҳһҹ˯žƳ˵, ܸңϾΪ
, ÷Ѿǰ, Ҳ侲̸ͬϵ, ϳȥ¥㣬Ͱ׹һ, ֹ, ԲŻ
Ƴգԭȥ¥ƼԼʮһһˣ
Ͱʮһֻ˼䣬ôֹǣ
ǣƳ
÷ֱ׳ºͰ׹ͷͷ˵ǡ
Ƴ룺ͷͷӣʮһ˵Ļ, ԲýЩҲͷͷ
㿴, ֻǿýЩ, δͷͷƳ˵
ΪҪ׹￿ô÷׽ס仰, ׹Ϊδ֮ͥºܻ䣿ӵҲ, ΪҪƫƫ׹ﰤΪβ֪ҪȥͰ׹Է
һһð, ҲɵԲ, Դ׵ӡ
Ƴ룺ԭյĳԴײСС֣Ӱ
ǰȷʵʶʮһΪͥûбܻ, ӵֻʶǰ֪ҲɽׯˣֻǴɡƳһش⣬ͬ˵һЩʮһ飬ʮһǰҲǸˣĸĸ˷ӣ˷òҲʵѡȥа񡭡
а񣿡÷һ㶣μ룿
Ѱ˼󣬶˷ӼаõǻˡƳ˵ʮһ˺ԭΪѾˣû뵽ַżȻȥ̨ҲΪȷݡ
ԭ÷ʮһҹкͬ顣ʮһˣȷʵҲǺģԵȥ¥ֻż˰׹
ȻأƳҧգΪôһᣬװ˯ˣ
÷صͷϴд檲òҷƢװ˯¡
Ƴë׵Դ뵽Ҵһú´һģû뵽һҹ벹
Ȼдǵ£ͷȥ·
÷ţеһҹδ˯ֻۣ֧
ƳҧһС죺ԣ˭֧
***
Ԫϲǡ
÷岻ڹĵ죬
˺Ǯ˷Ǯû˼䡣
ӣҲ˽Ǯ͵㸮ϡ
ЩСǮԪﲻҪϡ
ʱԷԪСʵ֪Ƿ񷽱㣿
ЦЦһ˵ûʲô㲻㣬ԪĲؽ·ϣ֮Ͱˡ
ԪѸٲ׽˵ԼһˡĻǰԵĹԼᡣס棬ʵӣںߣԼĹ˭
ЩΣǹѾϵ㲻ˡ
Ԫ˵ǹͦõģΪβദأ
ޱˣڴ÷֮Ҳڷ˼ԼĹҲãܵ˼ҡ
Ԫаϲðһ䣬ϲʲôĹкʵĹҿ԰ǣߴš
㲻ϤǱòؾܾˣ鷳ԪˣҴչض飬ƿٿǻ֮¡
Ԫʧ
һҺһ궼ȥ࿴ĹһʧԼһҲû˽ӽĻᡣ
û͵ȪͺˣҲ۵ˡ
ôأ
Ҳ˵£ʵܡ
***
ʱ÷屻Ƴúһٺֱ˯˴죬緹ʱƳѹ˶ĶӶֱС
Ƴ´ȥ··ȥǰľ¥Է
÷뵽ԼķԾ¥ķΪȥ¥²ˣ
Ƴ·Ӹ˳ȥʮһ
÷ӹ·˼Цһ£á
ȥ¥·ϣ÷ʷƳǰ׹ʶģ
ֻ˵ʮһǰʶȴû˵ʶġ
׹ңƳ֮֮ʲôʶأ
ƳĽŲƺһ£Сʱһʱ䣬ʱ˴ϵģҲʱʶʮһġ
÷ҲµϦðϷʱͲµƳǰɲ򣬳˲ٵĿࡣ
Ϊλ䣿÷δκ£ʺҲֻ޵˵ǰܹٵĿࡣ
Ƴͷһۣܸ㣬ܡ
÷ˣǰʺҲҪ̫ǰ飬ԼȴҪȥ̫ӵ˰̣Խˣôࡣ
ûʲôԽԽƳϲԼôʲôⶼԣһѡشǲش𡣲Ҫһʲ˵һᵣġ
÷뵽һҹδ˯в𣺡Ժ󲻻ˡ
ʱѾ˳緹ʱ¥˲࣬ʮһҲŸսһݣɽׯ緹
պƳ÷ˡ
ƳѾҪһӲˣͬĹյг̣֪ǻԷ
ʮһҺͷǳԷƳ󷽽÷ܸǡ
ʮһЦкһ£ƷˣǾ͹ˡ÷壬ͬкСˣγƺ㣿
С磿÷һ£Ƴ
ǰ֡Ƴһ䡣
÷תʮһ׹ͺá
壬ˣʮһ޵˷ƳһۣСȢ㣬иˡ
÷޸ҵĸ
Ƴ⻰Ŀһࡣ
ð緹ʮһҪȥһݣƳ÷ҲһɽׯúùһƽϪȡ
ƽϪȾɫɽɽҸסŴԼǰС⣬ﲻ˶һ
Ƴ÷ţߵ˰ʮһ̨ݵĵط
ˣվϢһ˳ʮһ
ƽϪеһ˼˰ʮһǰݣ˵Ǹһ˫̥ӣʮָˣԲŻ˴Ǯ˰ʮһǹף
ʮһǱݵĿյ˼˵̨һСͭǮλҼϲ˫ӣԸҷϲҽӺп
̨ͭǮ
˷׷ȥ񣬵ϡһͭǮմһմϲ
һöͭǮ÷Ľ£÷Ҳմһմּ
㿴վеͭǮȴһѴˡ
Ҫ񣡡ɫɷף÷뿪
£÷屻˺һε·Ϊʲô
Ƴͣ½Ųɫɲ̫ʡ
÷ıǱ㽫Լůů£ôˣ
ƳྪδҪҲҪǵĺУΪڻң˫̥ӳ֡
лҪ˵֮ǰۣѾбµݣֶޡ
бΪʲôҲ˫̥ӳ֣԰ٶһ£ʹܲµǰ׾ʲô

057

صɽׯ, ƳһֱǺܸߡ
˯ʱҲûٶʲôֻǱĶس
, ÷帧ԼĶ, ʲô
ӡ
Ҫˣ
ȲҪ, Ƴ§ļ, ȲҪӺòã
÷һ㶣²ϲ𣿡
ĺ, Ҷϲ
ǵΪڲҪӣ
ֻǻû׼ãƳĶͷЩȲҪӣòã
ãȻڻҪ, ÷ҲǿǻعԺ, ̫ҽЩӵҩ
Ϊˡ
ûϵġֻǻعԺ, Ҫúͬʺһˡ
ԭƳƻŴȥһЩط, ǳ, Ҳֻ߹ط, ϾҪˡ
÷ڷмʰһ¶, Ƴǰס´һ
÷ת·뵽һ鶼̫, Ҳ˼ǹصӣ˼һͷһڣ˵㻰
Ƴеĳͻһһɨ⣬˲ס㿪˵㻰

ʮһҲ׼뿪ɽׯˣպҲǸȥ˵Ԫǹȥһ·໥飬ֱǺֿƳǵŴͬǸˡ
صʹ󣬷Ƴµݽ⼸ѡĽĿʵۿټһֻֽдݽĿһ裬һϷһͨĺٱݣЦˣǳȥ࣬ѡĿǹģ
лʹģࡣԭȥһҲΪ˲ѡĿĽĿȥ֮ǰѾŵòˣ񲻹Ŀȥѡ
͵ˣ׼ȥһ
˵ʽ㱧źģȥӻʽ㡣𰹫ǻʺСʱҲЩһֱôԸһװһ׵ģƳϲôȥ
һȥӳɣѵûһΣĸý
÷عԭȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽӵҩģֵ֪˵ʲô
ȥ̫ҽԺӵҩһ֪»ء
÷룬ȥ̫ҽԺɣܹһЩ
ͼæȰס̫ôȥأ¹˶Ķأǽ̫ͻʺ֪뻳Уǻ˵ã
÷͵̫ʱҪӣҺ̫ӻȥͬʺ͵ġ
ˣ𾪣̫ΪβҪӣ
÷Ҳûף֪ʲôǡ
ôã̫ӻʲôأ
֮÷壬÷˼֮󣬾ȷƳӱǱ߻֮һ
***
У÷ڽԨҽ£Ѿ˺ܴɫ֮ů࣬Ѿ߳ţȥԺɹ̫ˡ
˵Ϲ͢磬кܶྫʵĽĿݣ÷ڼһ죬ޱȥֵĵطһ档
͢󳼶֮У÷ȻҲȥ÷״һȥ˳㿴㡣
÷ʹԨ󣬽Ԩʾ÷ڵ״ֻҪ˶ĵطǿԵġ
Ϊ÷ɴýԨҲһȥ
***
ƳӱǱ߻֮÷㽫ԼĹ˵
Ƴ˵˼ǲܣƸ㣬̫ĸǱȥ˵㲻ҪΪѡ
÷Լģ룬Ǿʵһ𣿡
ʡ
¾ΪβҪӣǳ檲ûбĹǣ
Ƴ£ͷܺãҵԭ򡣡
ڵʲô𣿡
Ƴһ٣ᰴУ̾˿˫ӵ顭
˫ӣ
ǰͬ˵ģڻУǲ˫ӳֵġƳԭͬ˵£ǲ˵ֻ˼룬ڻҳ˫ӻᱻΪֻ꣬һᱻ
÷循㵵ôԭƳҪӣΪǵ£˫ӱǺѻϵģҲֻͨŮӣĿҲֻһλһӡ
ֻ֪ǵһһƳʲôõ飬ҲԽԽ
÷屻Уץ½һ»ѡ񣿡
Ƴֱ࣬޲ܽȥƵģصĺӣҶҪ                        
лҪ˵ȸǧȥտܲٲǧ


058

һ, Ƴ÷Ÿȥ
𰹫ǰȥ׵ġ
൱ദûѺáǰЩ꼾һֱ˼κιûĹ, 𰹫Ǻ, ϥλȢ
ԭ뽫𰹫޸ӵ, ϾӺпܾǼѡദպ, 𰹫ȴѡ˶, Ϊڳ𰹫ӲƴʢˣҲӷâ¶¶غˣǫѷܵ, ó𰹫⡣
ȥδ, ˵ӺӶ, ӷûô, ˼ų𰹫ط̽ס
Ƴ˵, ǰӼ, νºͶغ, ǫѷ񣬲Ƣ̣躹ް, Ȣ˷Ĺλ˵ǲСвع֮ȻᱻԡܰȻԼ˼׹ơ
Ǹܳɴµˡ
Ƴ÷һ͸ʻ
÷ϵ˽һ
𰹫漴ϵ³Ǽ棬ӳ𰹫ȽӱһԵС𰹫
Сϸģȷʵ𰹫õġ
ʽ㣬ӣһ·۳Ͷ٣ˡƳʺ
ԱǸڳ˯ˣߵЩ̫Ӻ̫õˡ
𰹫شһ÷壬ԷƳ˵ǰĸţ˵Ȣһòݡޥʵ̫Ҳ벻𾩳ļˣΪĸʣһĸ˵Ļǫˡ
÷ɬЦһ£ʽˣʽӺݣվǲһЩ
Ů˻һﻳбŵĺӸպ˯ˣۿ
𰹫ӱ˹Ƴ÷忴ҵŮһꡣźӣˣ۾ľ˾˺;ĸ
СӲ̫ӣ۾޵צġ
Ƕˡ𰹫εؽһ£ֻȽӽˡ
÷󣬺ˣǽǰɡ
Ǹ˳ţʹȥ
÷ֿһ󣬱ͣˡ
ȵ˻ʹﱧźӹʱѾȱ˶ӣһֻС档
Ȼ÷ϵķ飬㶪ָŷѽѽغ
÷彫ȡµݸʵڿɰû˹
СȻİ˵ĻУȻЩӦҲֻ˼£̧ͷֱ㶵ؿ÷һ͵ͷˡ
𰹫￴ʮ־ȣ𰹫Ƣ󣬳Һ˭ϣ뱧ÿ顭
𣿡÷屧СӣͷЦҵķ飬ſϸұһ
𰹫ԼŮСССͣͦ¶
˱˵Цȥ˱µĵ
Ѿˣں̫Լʵۻʺ졣ǽĿɨһȦڱźӵ÷ͣ
̫󣬸ʣĸ󣬻֡𰹫Цӯӯǰȥһһ񣬼ҲŹȥʺ
÷廳лźӣ뵽ʵۺͻʺȻҲҪӣҲ˹ȥ
֮ǰһֱڷأƳ׵ʱûԻδ÷壬źӣΪǺӵǶԳ𰹫٩𰣬־ܷģ
𰹫һۣ֣˵ʲôأ
̫Ҳõ˵һ䣺˵ʲô
ƳüĿһ䣬ǰ֣ҵ̫
ε̫ˣûŪ״˵̫˵أ̫˹ɫôҲǸӡ
ʵۿһ˵˵㡭
Ϊ˻ΣʺվԲתƵ˺ϣƱСŮԣһҲҲ֡
𰹫Цճ̣㰲
ñʺ֣Ҫȥ
֪СƺΪҪķ飬˷ضԻʺһ
һ׵Ľл˵Ŀⶼ˹
С㻹ͦףʺ˶㲻ñ𣿡
СſСһ䣬һֻŭСè
𰹫ԼСޣЦŴȤôƢҲ֪˭
ŶʵҲ˺ģ˹ԡ
Ȼſ˴Ҫȥ
Сͬ˻ȥ
ҲչˣĦȭƣҲԡŬбС㣬ô˱òã
Сȭͷһ߬һԼˡ                        
лҪ˵ǧĸ£ʱ䲻̫ȶǼ°

059

С, 𰹫ȥ·
ʱ𰹫Сķû÷壬֪С޲, ץŷѽҽ, 𰹫Ҳ޿κΡ
״, ˵һ飬ϲ, Ѳ̫᲻ã
÷˵Ц, СϲǺ£һҲ޷ֻǵ̫ӳʱʦ̫ǵ»Ǿʦ̫һ⣬δʦ̫ͬ͸ˡֶԳ𰹫˵, ԷϡýһС湻, ͷͻ, ϣͶܹ½⡭
𰹫º͵̫, ˵̫˵Ҫ, ֻͨ, Ҳ˵͸ˡ֪һһ־ܵõһ, ɲõϰߡ̫ģһ˯ˣұ㽫, С˯һҲòˡ
ʺЦڵؿų𰹫ΪĸףĽ̵ԺҲǸƽĺúӡ
ڿ𰹫ʵվ÷ߣҲȫ÷档
÷мؿ˻ʺһۡ
ﱧȥһ·ܿͱˣˬˬģŷһ档
̫ҲʮϲСŮŴҶűȴһ̫ҲԣǶұòã
εûףֻһͷ˳𰹫ĻУСӰģɲϸ
̫״Ҳû˻һСôС;㲻ҲΪа̫ЦǺǵضԳ𰹫⺢ֵý˭ñôͿϸ̫أ
𰹫СƨɣЦŶ̫⺢Ǹ̫Եء
Ǻ°̫һ÷Ķӣ£˵СԤеԸ׽̫ĪΪ̫Ҳˣ
÷ջű飬̫ôһ˵Щ飬һ۷Ƴ
ƳպҲ˹һۡ
̫һ̫ȥƣ᲻ϲˣ̫ԽԽпܣҲڴ
÷ЩȻƳ˵ڻҪӣ̫ȲҪָ̫ˡ
̫Ȼã̫ӣΪҿ֦ɢҶҲΣôԼ
ҵĺӣԼƳ䵭ӶԼԺ̸ܱԼĺӣ
֮⻹б˼ֻлʵۺͻʺö
÷û뵽Ƴᵱô˵˵ʱѾƳ̫ϲӣлʽ㱧ȥǣҪȥ׼ϵ͢磬ˡ
̫ɫˣʵۺͻʺæƳһԵŷƳ÷ȥӰζ
£쵱ô˵˵Ļ̫ġĵ÷̲סԷƳ˵̫Ҳֻ뾡챧Ӧ顣
ҾҪ˵Ҳѡʱôǰ̫²̨һ̫ôô죿
Ƴ߱˵ҵô˵ѻ˵ԺǾͲΪˡ
ǵ£ŵĻȷʵЩˡ
֣Ƴͣ½Ųúܹ𣿡
÷˵ͷʵ԰ѻ˵תһģϾô˶ڳ
Ƴ鲻ԥŨ֡
Щ㲻֪Ƴɿ֣ɫ䣬Ҫ˵ҹ֡
£÷Ƽɫԣһţ檵ˣ
ûСƳȻضһ£Ͳȥˡ
¡÷廹˵ʲôѾתˡ
÷ʱĵ˵ЩҲΪãôء
㻹ɵվ㲻׷𣿡Ԫⲻ֪ð˳ߴ÷
÷һԪ⣬ʲôʱģ
͵һˡԪ󷽷سԼ͵һҲò˼Ȼ֪ΪʲôֱŤҼǵСʱֱŤʱÿ߿رϣ׷ңֻҪ˵һԲҾͻԭ㡣ӣͨǵȵ֮µҡ
÷ǵ飬ԭ뷨ʱô˵أΪʱңҲû׷ȥ㡭
Ԫһۣڲʱ𣿡
ᵹǻᣬϴƽϪȷƳĵʱһ¾ͺˣ棬ֲڷ÷Щԥǡ
ˣԪߴٵٲȥ׷̫Զɾ׷ˡ
÷ȹǣǺðɣ
Ƴ뿪ķ˹ȥԪıӰ̾˿̫ӵ¾ǲ̫أ
ϣİɣĻȲ˺÷壬Ҳܸһ
÷ȹӽ׷ܵģ׷˷Ƴ
¡Ŵһ
Ƴͣ½ŲعͷܵСͨ죬Ϊʲô¡
ôˣ
£÷˼ŵǰһĹˣǵ¸
ƳΪҪͬԼ˵ʲô飬ԼһƫƧǽǴһôĺ档
ʲôˣƳͷ߳ϸ˲𼱣˵
÷ֽһûйˣŷġ
סΪԼ֣һЩ
ƳΪҪͬԼ˵ʲôҪġ飬ӷŵ͡
ȻյģԼ½󣬴ᱡԼһڡ
Ƴһ¡
£檴ˣ÷øˣ½ⷬҲΪ˳檣檲˵¹֣¿ݴȣĪ檼ƽϣҲĪҪˡ
ƳףԭҴҵ׷ԼȻֻΪͬǸ
ɵϣƳסС֣Ц˵ˣû
÷ƼϵЦģһԭԪ˵ģֻҪ׷ĵǸûˡ
ˣҪȥֻ˵Լ£ֲ˵ʲô£÷廹Ϊǹҽڶ㿪Լġ
ȥ͢ҪݵĽĿ׼ôˣƳԼ̫˵ģе᲻ضˣҪһȥ𣿡
÷˵ͷ
ǰһ·ץˡ
Ŷá÷ŷԼץ½æɿһһµؽ·ƽЩ
Ƴٵͷֱðа𣬵ֲܶʲôֻóͷһ£ȥ̫͵
̫͵УЩĿı߶ڰ˳̨ųֵ̂ľ͸ԺҵյأԼš
Ƴ÷ѲһȻһϤӰ
ɴ棬ӷ׵Ҳĸо
ǰʮһ
Ƴ̫࣬ʰʮһô
̫ԭһǣΪĴݣδȷʱûбǼڲᣬղȷūһʱģϲˡ
˵ţİʮһһŵתȻƳ˷Ƴ
С磡ϲغһ
̫ɫһף󵨣ֱ̫ӵµϣ
ʮһıһ˲佩סŵؿŷƳ÷塣
Ƭ̵ľĬ֮󣬷ƳԹ̫˵ȥɡ
̫̫ûнԼæҵ߿ˡ
Ƴ÷ʮһǱȥʮһѾߵ˶
ײ̫ӵ£̫ӵº̫ˡͷڲ
ɡƳ˵
ʮһԥԥվǰʮһƺܵ˺ܴĳŲҿƳ
ʮһƳ˳ֶ÷˵Ƭ̡
÷Ȼɻ󣬵ǴӦţá
ƳŰʮһ̫߳͵˶࣬ǲ˵
ûй̫ʱ䣬ǾͻˣƳıһʮһȻģֻƺ͸һδ֪Ļš
صԼУһƳ÷ȥ˱ݽĿˡ
кĵģ÷һֱ˼ƳͰʮһ˵ʲôֻǲ˼ʳ
ĳûƳѾͣ˲ӣһͷײıϡ
£Բ𣬳檡
ƳתĶͷҷֻʮһǰ˵ȥ롣
ǰ飬˵ȥ𣿡÷̧ͷС
Ƴࣺܣɱ֮
÷һǳҲ֪һЩ֮ǰô檣һ檲С˵ȥ
Ƴ˹ǣûϵ±עˡ
šţ                        
лҪ˵˯


060

ϵ͢翪ʼ֮ǰ, 𰹫ͳС˯ʱԽ˻ͬ÷һ
̫ӽĵǵ̫󲻸, Ƕû̫Ȱ, ͢, ̫ǲμˡ𰹫С̫, ̫Ӹ̫̫Ǹ͢, ǶҺͶӻ˲ٵļʹ̫󲻲μӣ²̫á
÷ҲǣĵƳ̫󲻾˶ˣ̫Ĳμӽ͢, һ£ƳһТñ, ԷƳ̫ӵҲӰġ
÷Ƴȥ̫Ǹ, ԷƳ˽, ƳǾԲȥġ
֪Ϊʲô, ÷о, Ƴ̫ƺһֱһԹ
ռʹ, һȥӸ̫밲ʱʱΪȷƳһ̫Ϊ, ⽫ѵƳʱվߣͬ˵̫ĻɶԷ磬Ҫϡ
Ǹʱ򣬷ƳӦûûϲԭԹйء
̫ĸƳԹ̫ʲôأ
ڲ˼ʱ
ȻƳȥӸ̫Ǹôֻ÷ϡ
лѣ͢ͿҪʼˣ̫ʵæýȥӸ̫벻ȥ̫ӹ
Ҳã𰹫룬ȹȥȥûˣҾͱҲȥӸһһ֣Ҳܰæء
лҪͷҲһˡ
лʲô̫ҵ׵ܵܣΪٵҲûʲô㣬𰹫дЩͬ飬̫ӣ޸Ժûίɡ
÷嵭ЦûУ̫һֱҶܺãûܹί
ԵȻƽϰˡ𰹫̾˿ʵ̫ǰӲģǰʰЦů˭ܺơ
ⲻǵһ÷ֻˡ
Ҫ÷ƳʱҲ飬˵ǷƳԴһ󲡺ӾͱˣǰȻͬ
Ƴδǰ飬ֻ֪ʱ䣬ǲʲôǣ
÷ͳ𰹫˶ԼӸȥˡ
ӸУ̫ȻδԪڸ̫Ц̫ġ
̫ԭԪЦչüЦһ£÷ɫֳ
÷·Ѿˣʱ̫ͷϣֻǸ̫˵Ҳ
ƳǾԲģֻ辶
̫󣬡÷ǰϱ̫ӵ¸Ǹ
̫ȻһûʲôҲҪĵǸǷƳԼǸԭԭ¶˵ο÷ء
̫ķӦҲ֮У÷Ҳϵ̫ô꣬һֱõµƢǳԼ޸֮ܵί͸ȥͶˡ
ڶʱ򣬳𰹫о仰
𰹫Ϊ޸̫֮󣬶Ȼ˲ί˵ûίΪƽϡ
޸Ƴʱ֪ƳƢˣΪܵίȻ÷һжãϸ룬ʱʱƳ䣬ǷϣȷʵǲСί
÷̫ǰϸԼ޸ƳܵġίƳҪҹ鷿ͷԲʱص޵һ밲ʱƳͷױߵԼ붫գƳһֱô˵ȥ˻ʺ̫ϵ˲ŵ׽
̫󣬽ĵ̫ͬ˵ĻȻʧִ磬Ҳȫ̫ӲҪӣʵżģӦϱǡ÷彫ƳĵĻ𣬶Լϡ
һԵԪˣҲͬ÷̫˵ǰ̫̫ӵ²ҪӣĵӦ̫ˣ̫Щ治ǳ˵ء
̫룬ȷʵҲô
̫ӲҪӣҪҪ̫ĺӣ
ǲҪ̫ĺӣΪϲ̫
ģȷʵ̫
̫ƢƽҲûٸܣ̫Ѿû˷ŵŭ⣬Ҳͬˣɣûд
÷̫˵⻰֪̫òˡ
뵽ķȰĪҪôöԷ½⣬ҪôͺͶԷȲҡ
̫͢Ϳ쿪ʼˣϱһȥɡ÷վ̫˵
̫΢΢˼һ£ ߰ɡ
÷һǰȥԪһһң̫
Ԫⰵ÷˸Ĵָ÷ͷһЦ
ȥ̫͵·ϣ̫÷̬ȱǰ࣬Ϊ÷ղŵң̫ۣ̫󷴶ȰſĻô顣
·˱ĳ𰹫˵Цģ㵽̫͵
÷Ԫ̫£̫ͬ˵һ󣬱ȥҷƳˡ
ʺ÷Ȼ̫˹бв죺̫Ϊֿǣؽгʵ
ҵҲΪʲô֣̫˵ǿ̫ҲףȻ֪һֱϲǿΪ̫ӲͷƤҵǸԣаͦġ
ʺ󸽺͵̫Ͽʵϻּͣ檵Ҳǿһ㣬Ÿҽ̫ӵġ
̫˵ͷѡĺܺã̫ӡ
÷ڵ¥ҵ˷Ƴ¥Ϸ󣬵ôȥţ
˶࣬ﶢһ͢翪Ҿȥʵ̫࣬ƳýӴһ徲ҹķ绹ǺƳһ±紵ͷ˵ȥţ䡣
˺һ·ȣվһһȥ
Ƴ֣ȷʵȣҲáСȺĺƳҲûɿ
˵£檽̫ˡ÷һ䣬û֪±ȽϺá
̫Ǳò𣿡Ƴôģ
÷ƤЦЦа취¾Ͳùˣ̫ͺá
˵ƳҲˣҲǺܹġ
͢ͿҪʼ󲿷˶Ƴ÷ȥˡ
ʱҶйоصؿŽĿݣһ֮ϯϱ׷߶Ⱦ죬лҳ
÷ǻ̫ʱƼ׺÷ˣԨҽҲˣڵÿȥһǡ
÷ںͷ˵СѾͷ˸ˣĽôͲأ
ףҽ÷ͬǴк÷ʱΪϲ㿴࡭
ǰ˽ҽ÷мؿ˽Ԩһۡ
򣬵ƹ÷ӻҪлл̫ǵ̫Ӻ̫£Ҳûл÷Ρ
÷÷壺ҽô꣬ܵܵģȷʵմҽ㲻ٵĸ
÷οֻҪĲܺãҵĸ㾡մȥ
÷뵽֮ǰԨ˵ⲡúҩܻʮ꣬һ£ܿͱЦ˹ȥнҽͽڣⲡغܿܺˡ
ԭ콪Ԩ÷ҲҪȥһ˽æҩü÷岻õ˵һ˵мҩ
ԪһƼҲμ͢ˡ
ǰ˵ҪרעѧҵΪ˷ʱμ͢ˣû뵽Ȼˡ
һֱעڵȵΪڼ߱飬뿪λ
ԪҲվ׷ȥ
ڼͬ˴ʲôƫƧСȥͨ򾻷
ԪⲻøŹȥվСϵ
˼ŴڨʱȻ˻һ֡
Ԫ⡭
ѰȥǾȣ£
Ԫ£ҲǽżɻΪλʶԼ
Ԫ⣬Це߽ϡƽ˵ĻȴԪĶ
ʸ飬ôˣ

061

Ԫû뵽֮Ȼϵ
û뵽ȻҲ̫ӻ
һʱ޷ش, ΪһֱûкúȥƳݣõһЩѶϢҲ
ڲҪʲô, ׸ڷƳ顣
ھվǰ, С·ʱҲûб˾, Ŀ£Ԫֻˣ, Ҹ, ˵ʲô
Цһ£н䱸Ǻ£ҼȻᵽӦ֪Ҫʵʲô顭
˵˵Ҫʲô飿Ԫʱ䡣
߽һЩչС˵̫ӡǼ٣
װ׵ذˣԪټװɵҲû塣
֪ôӦԵʱ, ȻƼڻˡ
ӣһɰ
˹, Ҳټȥ
Ԫ¾Ȼ, Щ, ǻӦԪ⣺Ԫ, ɡֶ, º, ¡
˵ͷǻӦ΢ؿԪһۡ
Ԫⲻɪһ, ˣԪ֮ķΧЩ֡
Ҳûм׷ʲôԪԺͺһص͢ϡ
ӽôпԪʵϴ˵Ҫרȥʦ飬Ϊء
ԭȷʵûģĸ׼ҪҹұˡʵҲ֪ĸҪͼ޷ǽ󳼶˼Ҿĸ࿴ˡ
ֻʱû˼ϹҲȨһ¡
ԪͬЩ˵ֲ֪˵Щʲôãһͷ˺ӣϴҸķǮһûأҵһһȥȡ㡣
ô£Ĳûˣ㲻˵Ҷˡ
ҪģӸȥȡӡ
***
꿽Ҳˡ
˷Ƴʸμ͢ġ
׺ĸױμӣ˼ҺͳЦҪġ
Ϊ˱ģǳةġ
ὭѾ|ˣ֮ǰֻ˵Ҫȥݣȴû˵Ҫȥ
ȥټĲݣ̫鷳ˡ
ȥةʡ
ةὭ۵үүҲὭȥݻһµݵģȻû
֮ǰһֱûлⳡ͢磬۰Ͱ͵أڵȵةࡣ
͢й룬˸ᣬžƱȥةߣة࣬һ
ةĿ¹ӣϷʲôɣ
ὭסڿջǶʱ䣬ةһֱ˰бţȻҲ֪ջ顣
ǰҲᵽ˿ջУסὭ۵ĸڣһԷڣةὭƺϲһҲû˵ʲô
ֱ꿰ǸĹ˿ջ
Ὥ۳ȥݵʱ鲻̫ãͬүүĸʱ˼ᡣ
ǿӲᣬؼǲүүģҲǸСӰɡ
ة꿵ӡͲˡ
СӻԼƣһ֪ΪὭ۵ġ
ʱ꿼ة಻ϺľƣҲԼĪµԼĲá
֪ҲҪӲͷƤʣةܸ࣬ܲңȥὭ۵֣½Щʲô
ةһ㻹ʣߣֺαȥ
ҲҷҵȥǸ
ةܾˣϷǣ
꿵ˣ͸Ұɡ
ة಻ԹųԵĺȾƣԱվŲߡ
Ƽ⸱Σ
Ƕ֪꿵Ľ㺦ةĵΪ˷ǹΪǸġ
Ὥ۵ġ˶ʮϧȻҲʮŶҲƫ˽˵ƤԼҽȥةԭ¡
ǵȻҲة꿵ĶС
ǲ֪飬ة֪ġ
ةǶָ꿣˵ĻҲЩⲻȥƫƫ꿻ߣôӲ߸˽
ЩҲʮֲģûʵὭ۵ȥʱͲߣ˵ʲôҲߡ
գةһԭ
ݺԭСһص˼ңҵԶݣὭھ
꿵õԼҪĴ𰸣еľһ˳л뿪
һĻ÷С
뿪ϯ׼ؼң÷ס꿣ôôͻȥ
ƼһľϲҲˣ
÷һۣƼҰ
꿴˴ţôͺˡ
÷ÿٴ¾ͰҵĲִˡ
ջЦǺǵ˼£ûôȥ㸮п㡣
ֲǴ򣬿Ҳǰ׿÷ȻǿĵģͬҫҽһҽⲡźõôġٹЩҲȫˣܼˡ
齩һ£ǡԺܸһ̫Ӷˡ
Ϊʲô
Ҵȥݡ
ȥ
ȥѰְǰͬƳ£÷ƳƼȥ
ƳȻûôԭʹӦˡ
÷ȵĿƿ㲻μˣ
μӰְʱ䣬Ҷġ
÷۾϶бҡ
ֱ׳Ҳһ˻еˣ
÷һһأ㲻ż߰ɣһȥˡ
꿽һָˣҵķϣҾ͹ǿԼ㿴ݰɣϾһμ滹һʲôʱأ
˭ˣƤô񣬱ôƤȥǽ
***
̨ϵĽĿѾһ룬̨µ˴඼ЩסˣҲһʼǰ㿴ýζˣ죬ȾƵĺȾƣЩ࿴۵ṫӺ͹ҲüĿ
ֱʮһĳ֡
輧ž޵³֣ϵƮݵᱡһƮҷ
ŶŵŤǹŽţϵ졣ϸС󷽵չʾζűƮݵҪˡмİʮһϵİɴ·һɫɴֻ¶üĿ˲ؿ˫Ȼ欵۾
̨µʱ˶Ŀתؿ̨ϡ
÷Ϊ֮ǰʶʮһˣβûие̫𾪡
ԵķƳüͷǰݵʱ򣬰ʮһǱݵĲֻһͨѣôȻ˴󵨶ҵ赸
͢ϱĽĿίʵЩʧ׵
ȻѾݿҲܵ˵溰ֻͣüͷȥ
ʮһţ輧нӹһʻ̨Ȼ̨µɫʯ壬ˣ˷ƳߣƺҪѻ͸
Ƴɫѿˣ֪ʮһʲô˼һֲõԤС
Ϊʮһ׻ǰźõģϾеıݽĿǷƳ׼ġ
ʮһƳϽӻŽż⣬ŵʵǱתȥ
ʵҲΪǷƳźõģȤؿλ輧Ҫʲô
Ȼ㿴Ȼеʻͳһذס
ʱƳѾԾҲӻʵȥʮһеذסֵصҲӦ˹
дȻʧܵģذױͽֶȥֱһߵڵء
ˤ˵ϣܿͲˡ
ƳǰȥͣѾ˶
㲻Ƴ

Ҫ֪ϾΪҪ£
÷ҲһĹô׵ȥοǰôĻ£
ԨȻ뵽Ԩ
ԨȺг˹ʾ£ܹȥ鿴ʮһ
ܾȣ˵

062

Ԩ÷μ͢, Щҩһõ룬ֻ벻ܴ͢磬ʱܡ
Ҳҵʱ, ԨΪʮһס˶Եķ
Ƴ˽ʮһ̧ȥҽ, ̨ϵЩ輧Ҳ׽ס, ͳͳȥʡ
ͽֶ°ʮһذףϱذ׸һӡԨǰ, ˿ڵѪɫ, üͷãذж
䣬֧Ųסȥ
ԨͬסĶȻҲϽȥ̫ҽԺ
ԪӸӻص̫͵У㷢ﰲÿ£̫ʺҲһྪδǲ, ɫ࣬ԷƳ˵ú£
Ƴͷʧְ, Ը췣
»ڣ
æǰڡ
֮, Ǵ´¿һ۷Ƴ, ̫, Ȼضʡ, ʱȺµ顣
ּ, Ƴ΢΢ͷһԲ
ʢŭ뿪ʺҲ̫뿪, ʣµ˶ҪʱܴµһŲ顣
ԪѰ˸ԭ򣬲֪뿪һСȻд̵¼
еĽĿǷƳﱸģ飬ȻһʱѲ˸ϵĪ˵÷Ҳܵǣ
ڸ׺÷ǵĿ£÷ͷƳ˶Ҳܳ
ƳһֱĬ÷Ҳƽ
ʮһΪҪд̱£
ƫƫǰռһֱһؾҲһ·ͬУ˴Ƴα⣿
ֻϣ̫ҽܽʮһȻֻţǲˡ
£ҹˣЪϢɡȻ֪Ƴ˯ž÷Ҳ̿ڵϿݰһҹ
ƳûҲ˯ɡ
Ҳһ
Ƴվ߰ɣȥЪϢ
˼ϴ󣬱ڴϣֻ˭Ҳû˯⡣
£Ҫ檸һ𾭡𣿡÷ͷ
ã顣Ƴһֱ̫͵мʮһĳ
ʮһһۿʱ򣬻ǰ֣ǸʱԲ֪Լݣ֪̫ѣٿɫƺɾϲ˾š
ֱ仯л֮УߣҪǰ˵ȥͷӦƺЩ겻ᣬµӡ
Ƴ룬ʮһΪд̵ģ֮ǰһֱ֪ݡ
֪һд̣һôˡ
˺ָʹǵĻ֮飬ѡдĸʣ
ǼĶӼ棿
ƳԤУⳡд˵Ըʣ
д޴ѡڳôˣҲΧţд̳ɹ
д̵ĿĻΪ˴ɱʣΪݺ̫ӡ
ڶһ磬ߵĹƳȥ鷿һˡ
÷һҹδ۵˴ʱ鶼Щ뵡
ûµģҡƳͷ
÷֪´δ£檵ȵ»
ƳĶͷһ
Ƴȥ÷壬һҩ˹
̫ıҩ
÷ˣţ⼸Ӧò
Ƴһӳô飬⼸Ҳʲô£ʱҲòⷽӡ
鷿С
ʵ۽һڷƳϡ
ЩʣԳ԰ʮһЩ輧֮ڣǳԼ֪ʮһҪд̵飬˼ڰʮһǰ죬һֱ̫ӽӴƵ
νͣʵʢŭ죬ǺŮ̿һģĪǾд̵飿
ڸʵĲΣƳЩЦʣ˼ôԣ޲ý˶֪Ů̿ܣ
˵˵ʲôϵʵһһ輧Ѳʶɣ
ǣʶ
ʲôʱʶģ
Ƴûн֮ǰ
ʵһ㶡
ƳĿֱ𣿶Ǵһʼ̫ӣûн֮ǰǽֱؤʮһҲֻǸĸĿӣʶʾú𣿡
ʵЩ飺㡭ôǰ£
Ǹʣġ
ں˵д̵顭
ڻش𸸻ʵ⡭
ʵ۱ҭúһû˵죬ŵ޻˵Ȣ̫͵ʮһгȥ
ȥΪҪǰ˵ȥƳؽ͵û뵽Ҳû֣֮ǰ֪ݡ
˵ıˣ
ԴǺ˾ټĿʼ𡭡
ʵ˼Ƭ̣֪ˣȻضɡ
Ƴֱӵȥһ̫ҽԺ
ʵ뷨Ů̿ͻûѣˣ޻֪ͨ㣬š
أ
ˣʵü඾δ壬þգѾȥ
ʡ
㻹ǲҪ߶ĺãʵ˵ְд̵޹أ͢ﱸģ˷ô飬Ҳ˵ʲôɼĶӺʹҲڳǽǿЦˣ㻹Ҫ췣
ϷʿԷһЩ
˵
ûУøʰæһϷ
÷ڶһ죬ӰյϣվҲûƳȻ
˳ȥɶ˶ȥԪ̫ŵԽͬ˵˷Ƴ顣
˵ѶЩ輧ǰ̫ӺǸŮ̿һô°ǰղ̫һֱ𣿡
÷һֱĵľ̫ӺͰ׹ʶպгҲײһŽӴöһЩ
Ԫˣֱ̫ãҲ̫ˣѲ˻⾿ɺϻΪ
÷ĵĻǷƳ̫ôˣ
Ԫ룬Ǿ˵ʵ̫ӽһ鷿󣬱㱻ȥ˴£̫˵ƺҪ졭
÷һףô˵Ҳ̫ӺͰ׹ﴮͨд̣
µ˼ǻǲҪ¡Ԫ⿪ҲҪ̫ģŮ̿͵סˣӦúܿ׵ġӦ죬ʱһҽԸ̫Ӷ׵ġ
ӶԪûӸȥ
ˡ
Ԫ̫̽壬
պҩڴһ⡣
ԪƼ̬ⷬѾ˼̺Ĺˣ̫лҴ£ȥɡ
˸ˣתͷȤؿ̫ʲôҪң
лҪ㡣Ԫֱ˵
Ŷ
ɵİɣ
˵ʲôס
Ů̿͵飬ʹġ
ԪɲҪſڿӡ
סңҵ̫ӵ飬βμ͢磬ǳ̫ġԪⶢϸ۲̬ڹвߣҪʲô飿                        

063

ԪĲɺ, ϵЦ⣬ȻࣺԪ㵽վһߵģ
ԪⲢ£վһߵġ
Ҫǵ̫ӵ, þòнչ, ֮ǰ, дţҪЭ, ϵ, Ϊ˰㡣
Ԫôᱻ׺ŪȥҲҪİæҲϿæķʽ
ôæģдʥǲ˸Ұġ
ԪҲһҹû˯ãһֱҪƳ鲻һˣһ˱, ᷢܶԤϺͽܵ顣
ǳдʵŵˣҲЩ, ͨͨھǰ
Ѿ, ԷƳƳǴ, ôҪġ
Ԫĺˡ
ҪʲôҲ, Ҳܲ, ˮԪ˵
ôôǣһ, һϵˣ뽫Լժɾǲܡ
Ƴ¹Ѻ֮, ÷Ҳȥ˴£ҪϻشһЩ⣬ǰʮһ飬Լƽ̫ûһЩ˻ɵ顣
÷彫Լ֪鶼˵˳һʱҲҲʲôɵĵط
ͷ̫һˣ˵Ѿ£̫Իȥˡ̹
÷ûߣδˣһ̫ӣ𣿡
Ϊѵɷܼ
̫оɼгʪȥ̫һź̺
԰ת̫ӡ
÷ЩʧǺðɡȻɷҲӲ
̺ӽ˺̣뿪˴¡
̺ܿ㽫̺͵˷Ƴϣ̫ӵ£̫ġ
Ƴʼ۵ģ°ҹʱʹأ̫󣬿еĳȥһЩʹŻһЩ
ӹкë̺̫ˣ
æ𣺡ǣ̫һЩ⡣
ôң
ɷ̫Уʱ˼κˡ
ô˵Ų
Ҳǰɷ
Ƴû˵꣬£ذɡ
ݣ¡
Ƴë̺λ̫˵˵ýĲˡ
ûв֮ǰ÷ҲܵһЩƣڻʹﵹǿ߶
͢⼸죬̴ⷪǼݳ񾩳ֻʣ»˵ͺò׻һ˵ĳ𰹫Ӽ档
кȻ˱仯ڷƳʱ䣬Թٵ˷ﱸ͢粻ñʧ棬ƢŹ֡ŭ²ƥλ
д¼ʵ۶֪ԱԭԷƳԹô
鸴ӵؽ糯ص鷿ۣ⼸յ۸࣬Ҳ̫ӵ衣
ͷۣ̫ʵǸŮ̿𣿡
̫ر£ûС
ʵķ꣺ⶼȥˣ̫ҽԺô̫ҽһˣȲã
̫ʵ۷սս˵ǶԸӣúķЩʱƽҩ
ʵ뵽һˣ̫Ǹҽأ
Ͼ÷һˡ
ԡ
ǣūȥ
ÿ㽫Ȼڿ𣬻ǣ۷չȥƳ̫֮λҪס
ͬʱǱѾʮһ˳ܳݣһͽУһͽУƳ
ʮһСʱΪкڶ࣬ڼвӣòúã˷УЩߣа
Ҽһ˵;һֻǰ̶ӣǱȥѧһգʮ̨ݣһڸأĴݳ׬Ǯ
ƻ˳죬Ҳľ߼ۡ
֧ȥ̶ӲǺˣִ㽫תȥ
˺ϲԭСһСɰʮһ˵ص¥У˼Ĵ򣬱ƽӿˡ
ҵһ˵£ǮѧԼ
λ˭Ƴʮһ֮ʺ硣
ҡͷʱ鲻
أͨˡ
翴ڼªľϣϸǰ̫ĺ̺ʵ̫ӵ£Ĳȥ
Ƴ̧ͷʲô
ԥдڵ
šƳƺе⡣
ѵʵڲûֱӵ֤֤Ů̿йϵŮ̿񻹻Բѣʵ
Ƴʹϥǣʮһû𣿡
˵½ȥһλҽΪҽΡ
ǾͺáƳϵ̺ӣһ䣬̫ˣ
⡭ˡû̫顣̫ѾͰ޹ˣȻȥϢ
Ƴ˵̫£һ⡭
ʲô⣿ʵѾˡ
ҪҪң
***
Ԫ⼸м尾һ磬̫ͬ˼٣ȥ֡
ڷǰ̵ѡ
ʦ̫˵ˣȥԺ˵
⼸վʦ̫Ҳ͵Ŀж˵̫ӵ飬ҲһЩʮżȥҲ˵Ȼ
Ԫʦ̫ͬ飬˳Ҳ˽˹
ЩǣԪ⣺˵̫ˣ𣿡
Ԫ廹ãֻʱܳһжá
̫ĺдйΪᱻ
Ů̿ͻڻԣв˵̫Ӵͨд̡Ԫ⿴㲵ˣοżҶ̫ܿǱݺģ²ܿ
߶ţ⼸Ҳһѹ汣ӣϣס
Ԫ⿴˵ǵģӿֳԵ֪һɵģȴװ˵ʳѰ˺;ʦ̫Ҳŵġ
Ԫ⣬ʦ̫С̫ͬãѴܰһЩһЩ
ԪʦҲ֪ô
Щ飬ͺãʦ̫ƺ˼˵ԼҲȥ
Ԫ뾲ʦ̫һƺˣġ
ԪԺϢ·ͬ˵һЩ÷顣
·˺Ȼһˤһӡ
ԪæȥȴȻؿŵ棬ãתͷƺЩȣԪ⣬ôпչˣ顭
Ԫסˣˣ㡭
÷Ҫ
մǱˣ˵ЩҪͷٹȥһˡ
÷Ҳû̫࣬׼ЩԵĶŴȥ˴£úæתƳ
ֻǸճ˹ûãԪ
壬ҪȥԪ̽ͷ
ȥһ˴£÷صôһ磬ʲôˣ
ҸմֻȥءԪ⼱е
ʲô£
壬ƺ̫Ծˡ
***
µУһʳУֱȥ˷Ƴη
£̫гתġ
ƳһʳУɻΪʲô͹ʵ⣬𣿡
ˡ
ôû
̫˵ ´


064

÷Ԫ˵׺, һľ
ȥֿףǱ߻ڵȥʻֻȥ˴¡
Ȼֻһ⣺̫, ҪҪȥһ̫ӣ
÷ȻˣϴƳ, Ų, ⽫ǷҪȥ̫, ̫Ӹʩѹˡ
̫Ȼܸʩѹ, ˵ûܵκΪѣ̻ҪϹϾ
÷ԷƳ߷ˣδˣͷʳת̫ӣһ£´ٹ̫ӡ
̫û뵽̫Ȼȥ̫ӣʱ, ̫ߵŮѾʳзŵУ̫תŮ뿪ˡ
ߵúż, ͷҲûء
ֻñʳȥи̫ʳС
Ƴʳлһ, ֿʼ˼÷嵽ʲô, ȼҪҪ
, Ī÷ʲô£
ʲô£
Լܽ
ƳԽԽ
⼸, ʲô紵ݶ, ̶һʱϢ
͢Ƴص֮ϸϸ˼֮, д̲ǳŸʵģǳġ
̫ӵһտʼ֪λöȻ죬ƽ˾ô꣬ⳡˡ
ǰ򸾽ԪھʱƳЩȻԪ÷ͬãҲԪ׽ΪǱԪϵЩʲô
ԪھǴһʱƺҲûʲô顣
ⳡ͢ϰʮһд̣Щֲ
ȥǰϴ췣⽫Լڴ£̽ķӦȻܿ侮ʯĲǡ
ĹԱԽ࣬ƳԽˣЩĹԱŲһӦûвСջ
ֻһд̸ʵĴ֮̫֮ܽλ
λõˣ޷ֻˣһһ
Ȼʮһд̣ͽֶУйҲųɡ
Ͼڸλã۾ȼݵٶȣǷƳλøƣû˹ȥѾ˰ʮһеذס
ǵΪӦ٣Ϊ֪ʮһҪд̣ǰ׼þȼˡ
ƳãûйϵˣУôǱµĴڡ
***
÷˲ýӴ³ֱֶ֮ȥ
һ·һֱڻԪĻ˺Ǽ⣬˵飬Ȼˣɹһˡ
ǻʲô
ȥ֣Ժмס
Ժһɹ̫һ߿𾭡
Ƽ÷ʱϲˣ
÷ߵߣû°ɣ
ʲô£ϸϸ⼸˵һЩ̫ӵ飬һֱܵ㡣ԪҲˣ˵һЩ̫ӵ飬ұ̫ġ
÷˵ЩƺҲá
ȥݲȡݣȥȡҶŷֲѾˡһȥʦ̫ЩҶͻ
ҲʡǰеĲ޷ŻԭڵϣûˣпգҶ
ǵԪ˵㲻ġ
ûϵģġ÷尲д²̫ӵģġ
˵̫Ѿмˡ
͢ǵ³ﱸģд飬̫ȻҪЩġײõģչ̫ӣҲΪġ
ԷǾͺá
÷һûзʲô쳣ǽԪڹſڼʱͬ׵Ĳ飬Ҳѡ
÷岻ֱףǱ˸̽һ¡
ƽȴһ飺ף֪д̱µŮ̿ͽʲô𣿡
˵ֻ˵̿Ǹңδ˵֡
аʮһ÷˵֣ǿһ飬˵ԭڼʮһԸɴһ֡
ʮһֺܼ򵥣Ҳܺüǡ
ʮһ룬⣬ڼвӰɣ
ǰҲͦģʮʱͱ˷ӣЩû
÷ͬ˰ʮһˣ̾˿ȷʵͦģдʥϣ㽫ѣҲҪɣ
ҲҪȣ÷»δָܺʹýȻʡ̫ҽȲˣ±ӽһλҽΪҽΡ
ôҽɻ
ϴҺ̫ӹʱڻȥ·ϣżȻһλҽ÷ͬԨˣ˵һЩԨҽ÷顣
꣬οҽƱ̫ƾˣŻ˸
÷忴ףȻʵףҷͬ˵Ů̿͵֣ʲôţ
һЦĵС
Цȥãüͷһʱ벻ʲôţ
÷Ȼʧɫ
÷뿪֮ǰ
ĸһź˶ûУֲɽȻиװŵİĸף÷廹ǲģŽ
ع֮㾶ֱȥ̫ҽԺҵڵƽҩĽԨ
и㡭÷彫ĸ׵Ĳϸ˵
Ԩ꣬˼Ƭ̣ƺǡֲ֢෢ˣֲ˻ýǵʱܻԼˣǳԷˮ
÷ʧɫᡭô𣿡
Ԩ̫¶ۣ̫ĸҲ̫󣬰˵ֲĿӦòġҸʱɽȥһȽϺá
÷役Ƶǰʮһߡ
Ѿס״̫ҽţ»ڳʱ䡭
ȥһʺҳһˡ
á
÷ȥͬʺ˵ĸ׵Ĳ飬ԼҪŽԨ顣
ʺֹվͬձ⹫ǳǹŵǳȥ
ϾڷƳУ÷òŻҪһ顣
Ϊĸ׵ĲʺҲòȥ
ϻʺͬ˵£ȴͬ÷
ԨûŮ̿ҽκã̫ҲУô˫۾ʱͱٸ̫ˡ
̫ĸҲ֮飬ţ
ɹ̫ҽȥǣʵ˵̫֪ͨ÷
ڶһ÷ʱڹſڱסˡ
̫̫ûл֮ǰʱܳ
÷廽⹫ǰ˵ѾͬʺﱨҿԳ
Ϊѵɱ˵ܳ
ʱǱˣҴҵܹ÷˵̫ʺūҪȱūȥ̫ҽԺһλ̫ҽȥһ˽÷̫ҽȥ÷ƲΣ
УȥǸܽĸɽҲͲطҪˣʺӦң˵ҽտԳġ
Ǳ¡̫Ҫȥһʺ˵˵
÷ȥһĥЩʱ͸ϲˡҽԨҲֻ뿪̫ҽԺʱ䣬ҪŰʮһʱʵš
÷룬ǹ˺ȳԺ󶨵ȥʺǰ
ǲϷˣ̫Ϊ¡
÷弱ȦЩ죬ͷķ⹬֮ģԱ
һԵ⹫ķˣֲΪʮۡ
һ˵Ǹô̫ܳȥ
ǿ÷ƺҪˣҲЩĲְ̣ڣĲܷ̫ȥǡӲ̫ǲŪ̫
⹫е˼
߸һĸֵءĸĬĬվһǽס˹ſڡ
⹫Ťͷ÷һۣ÷ʹ˸ɫһҧһţײȥѽѽۼƴˣ
һײǣס
ԨҲȥæסһ
÷мؿһۣƵУǸóһ϶ȹǾ˳ȥ
ûһͷײһϤĻС
żƳļ򣬵ͷҪȥҴȥ                        

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ƳʱҪġ
Щϧ, Ȱ̫ӣڶԷ¶һͷʱȥ, ǻǰ
ԭ, ߳, վǸĻʹ
÷£涼ûм뿪, Ƴһֱ㷲, ǵ÷ǲǳʲô£
˼һҹûʲô÷Ҫ
Ļʹ취ʱ÷飬ܲߡ
ˣƳһ磬֪ͨ, Լ
Ȱסֻһн, ˵Ϊ֤ݲ, ҷ̫ӵ³
Ƴϻػʹ, ԶԶرƼ÷⹫ƺ빬ſڵִ
ʱ, ÷֮ȹżСܳ, , ӭ
żƳײܼˤԼ, ҪȥҴȥ
£÷循ȵ̧ͷܿ죬ίӿӯӯһѱסϲ£ڻˣ
һƳůı̳һˮҲסָͷţһˣż𣿡
÷ҡҡͷ檲ż˵һ檾һ
ӵĹ⹫ͽԨҲѾѣǰ
Ǳܣ⹫ͽԨ㿴ңҿ㣬˭ȿڣá
÷û£ֻһ̧ͷԷƳ˵£ȥ֡׺ˣŽȥƲ
ĸˣѹôżߣ
Ƴ÷⹫Ԩȥ֣вʺϽ֣÷ɽµһȣȥɽ
Ƴһɽһȥߵſڣţ÷Լȥˡ
û뵽÷ֹˣôпֹˣ
÷ǰȥҹɽһˡ
ɽʲô
Ůһλ򣬹һ
ֵûûֵģƴ
÷ҲûļЩ⣬Ůдơ
˲ˣ£ûʲô󰭵ģġ
Ѿˣ̫ӵҲˣǶڵ÷屧˵ĸ첲˵ף͸ɽһ˰ɣܿͻ
̫ӵҲˣ˾ϲбųˣ
ǰھſڣǹȥɡ
ͬɽ
Ƴڸ˼ҿջҪ˸䣬ԨϸΪκȷȷˣһıǡ֢
ֲ˵õıȽ϶࣬ͣ˵õġԨЩɻ
˶Լǲûбֳʲô˵һ˿¶㷽˵ֲǺܶ飿
ǵģ÷ֵüʱҩټԶܿƵסġԨʵҲûܿƵס
ϾȻ㲻Ͼ֢ȴҲô޲ߵһֲ
ȴЦˣˣⲡˡ
һԵ÷˵߹ļףĪҪ˵Ļ˲ôܲأ
֣ЦһܻĥǷ洹һⲡȴ£ɹ
ʲôǵãҲǵŮˡ
ʲôǵãǵһˣһ㡭
ִⲻβԨֻĶ÷˵÷ⲡҩһҪԵģҲһҪʱšΪ˱İȫΪ˶ļ䣬ӻļأ׽š
׽ˣֻŮˡ
סˡ
ҲȻؽġ
Ҳֻܡ
÷ͬƳ˵뽫׽ӵסһʱ䣬ס
Ƴԥͬ⣬ɵǱߣȴ˵ʲôҲԸ
ĪҪ֣סô꣬⻹һ˵֣ڣ㸸ڣȥʹϣ˵̫ͨ飬ǾԲȥġ
÷һеİ취Ҳסˣʹ̫ԶˡסھǵһլԺʳǽһЩһܼܿ
˻ǲͬ⣺˵Ҫһ𡣡
Ҹá
˾ܾƳ˵Ů⼸ձ˽լԺãլԺнһãĸԺסȻնҪ
Ȼ᲻÷رֲ࣬ΥԼڷǰµĳŵ롭
լԺһҲ첻꣬÷ֻȽͻ֣ʱˡ
ԨһЩҩ˲һԣ÷һʱҲûа취
ʵǻ˵˵ʱ÷Ҳ˵ˡ
˵ǰ¶˵ȷʵһ¡
׿˴뱲ӣԼŵд뱲ӣǸףǳŵһ죬
ǽԨҲ˵չײм䣬ǳԷˮʧȥջԡ
ʧȥ׻ֻһʱ䣬ɶ÷˵ʧȥ޷ܵĽ
ͻֺǱϽص˻ʹ
ԨҪȥ̫ҽԺŰʮһƳոմгҪȥ£÷ҲΪӲ飬ȥʺ
һعֿԱȥ˲ͬķ
Ƴȥ鷿¶ԷƳ˵Щ˵Ͼͳηôޣ
Ƴʵ̫ȥһˡ
²õƲ͵ܣ
ƳҲԼѣ𷣣顣
㰡㣬ָò֪˵ʲôã˵Ļ
ͷĻˡﻹǹ÷壬÷ΪӲһܵ𷣣ùȥ
վסºһۣˣ
ȥһĸ󡣡
ȥ̫ɣ

ˣĸƫôΪͿ˼ţд̵黹ûأ˵˵ô
Ƴֻ
Уʺͬ˵ǰ㣬ûΪ÷塣
÷عĵһ¾ʺ󷴶οͲµճ˳죬Ű⹫һġ⹫Ȼ˳˹š
лʺΪ룬⹫ȷʵˡ
ĸ׵Ĳôˣ
ȷ׻ˡ֢÷˵ѹԺö໨ʱףȻײأͻ᲻ǵóŮˡ
ʺ۵ذοĸô꣬һᱣĸƽȹѵġ
ԨҴҸϻ̫ҽԺֱʮһڵǸ䣬պÿһλͲС̫ҽҪ̽ʮһ½
ԨʱŭգǰһŽλ̫ҽߵڵϣڸʲô
̫ҽԨߵ۵һʱվܻ󵨣һ齭ҰҽҶҲ
Ԩŭ֮Σ|۱ף𾴣
̫ҽȴϴǸ񼫵Ů̿ͣôˣ
ԨԣǰһţòȻİ࣬ôˣ
̫ҽߵһµǲԨֻûˡ
ԨĿĵԶתȥʮһ
ȴʮһѾ۾
лл㰡Цٻ⣬Ǹմӻѹӡ
ȻǸŮ̿ͣҽյĽԨǺܿģʲôʱѹģ
ˡ
һֱڼװԣ
š
ôܣ
ӶˣȻˡ

066

ʮһǰѹ, ΪӶˣԸɴװԡ
ԼζʲôȻӲ̱ƹ, ҲӲĵǴ
ڽ֮ǰ, Ҳû뵽СʱǸǿֿĵܻܵǵ̫, д̣ΪľǼ޻̫, ʥ϶̫ӵĲ¼ɡ
д֮Ѿﱸ, ͬϣòվѡִУ˷ƳΡ
ԹҧԾĶʹͷûҧ, ۳һͷĺ
߽æ۾, װԼڻ, Ȼһʵӵ, ĳôĺ
һŵҩζԼĶͷ, һͿ
ʮһС, δضԴԼ
Ǽеĵʮһ, ĸ֮ǰѾм㱻½͡˳ȥ
һֱΪǸ׺ĸôຢ, ѲŽ˵ģֱҲ͡˳ȥ֪ԭΪʲô״ӲȥȴǮƿԻӻ
˷ѡȥаҲΪݣĺһէůʱƾɵ·ȥ֡
òʮͭ壬ȴɳԲ
ЩֲǮĺӻңǻᱻŪУһͼȥ֡סҲֻ±Ͷ̥
ʮһչʱ򣬾һСһ꣬ձȣǽ۵ûսҹҹķա
мĵܵܣðʮһȻ׽ࡣ
ʮһ뻹мʱ䣬˷Ӵ㲻ȥ֣ҲԱӡ
ʮһ͵͵ͷٵʱǸԡ
ιգſϽԼָֻ˵СС硱δἰϡ
Ϊδ֪־壬ҲΪֿ־ֻͬദ˼̵ꡣ
죬˷Ӹʮһһ·úûüС翴һ۱㱻ˡ
СԼͷȥȳһֻȼѵҪ׷ȴߵڵϡ
ҹɫ£廨׹ʯͷ˺
Ϊɣȴû뵽ӵĽۻῪӲǱһεݻƵ«έУһ١
ȵЩ˶ˣϰȥǣ֧ȥ
Ѿһ̶֧Уһ֧ǰ̶ӣ˳㽫Ҳ˹ȥԭΪ˺ˣȴ򾳽磬תֱ㽫ȥ˵ص¥
˼ĴȹƽӿͣһƤڡĿһҹ
Ǹ˼Ѵ֮ǯסֳȥҪ
Ҫ˶ϣؽһˣǿ˴ƿĹˣ
§·Żش𣺡ˡ
ƤҲûкܴ󣬿ȴ⣬Ҿ㣬ԺҪݶ顣
ڴϲסؿͷлˣʮһԺţҲ᳥˵Ķ飬ʹ
ߣصַѧϰա
ԭΪ˵ıǴѧгɣ̨ݣ׬Ǯֱ֪ҪĶ飬ԶֹЩҪ
Ϊд̵ӣעʧζ
һٹǴγоû˼꣬ˡ
ǰġСܵܡޣ£ҸΪԹߣѾʮ㡣
ֻҲͨ˼ҵĺӣڸĸĳ谮³ֵܽ飬ԺһͨˣƽҸĹһ
һζΪԼˣȴ漣ػ
֪Ǻ£ǻ¡
νӹŹϾȻ˽нԨ˵дʱҲڳ̫żʱסӣһ
ǾңȴҲǺңʮһЦſһۣھʱϣȴֽľ
ԨҲ֪ԵĽʲôǸǴֻܾˣȷʵҪЩˡ
ʮһϢܿȥ˱ºͷƳҲ½֪Ϣ
Ƴһϵ̫ҽԺȫܶİʮһ˼ԼչˣվסûзŭǿƵʮһд̵飬ܺУ
̫ӵ£ʮһεؿԲ𡭡
ֻ˵Բ𣬱ȴʲô˵
Ƴ֪Ҳûʲôϸд̸ʾǳԱ⣬вȣΪչҪһʮһ˵ҿҲס㡣
֪ʮһЦЦ۾ƽˡ
ϴܣһǹڱʹ֮ˣһǹڷƳһĶˣһʩ֮ˣܶԲκһˣֻܴܣ䣬ʧ
ƳһȻ̣ڻǽнҪȥ½ʡ
ԨԥǰԷƳ˵£ڵ״ǵ˴£²ʩ̣ҲŲ˼졣ΪصĲлû֪Ƕʹỵ̈Ҳ۵ġ
мܽҽκãƳʽԨ
ԨҲûаգ˵ɡ
Ƴһһİʮһ鸴ӵǾ̫ҽԺҽŰɡ
Ƴߺ̫ҽԺϵɴŰʮһҲ˳һۣͬ˵Щ
ʮһȻû˵ָʹ˭Ҳûָ̫Ӻͨд̵飬ƳʱϴһЩ
ǰЩΪ¶ƳĴ󳼣Ƴǵ֣׼սЩ󳼵һ
ΪСҪȥЩ󳼣úȻ֮ô󳼵ӦڱһС
ֻһЩ󳼶ͷڹһ㣬ʮСһʱҲ鲻ʲô
Ҳһʱ÷һھиѡһլԺ콫нӳ
***
ԨµƳһҩ˶˹Ҫʮһԡ
Űʮһͷпţҩ˵ǰЩ˵һЩܿ࣬ǳԡ
ʮһһЦ˳ҵСأ
һЦѪӿµ°ͣڰɫϣ뵳һ޵Ѫ
ԨȴʧɫҵĽҩˣ
ĪţΪ㣬ʮһ̧Ľҩõģ㿴Ҷܶˡ
㡭
ʮһſ֣кȻһ𣺡һ飬ʣһ顣̧ͷԲ𰡣ôĵҽңһǹ⡣
Ԩ𾪵ؿʲôʱ̵ģ
ʱˡ
ô˵
ġ
ģ
˵
ӳأ˵Ѫ֮ܲסỮƳθѪ
ѾʱˣҲŻѪ֢״Ҳ죬ҩʯҽֻһ
ôʡ
е㣬ʮһǿЦݣ㲻𣿸Ұɡ
Ԩǿ°
һֱŻѪǿֻͣһ㻬ڱȾıϣȻ˵лл㣬𡭡
һֱ̫࣬ľͷ˸һ˿˿⡣ 

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ǰеʱ򣬳͢鵯侮ʯζ
, ȥЩԱ, Ǳ㰲Űȥ, ⼸ǲЩüĿ
һ㣬ڼ, λĴ󳼱
ԭڿ֮Ҫյ, λ󳼴˱ۣ͵͵ΪŵǵĺôΪƾ֤
ԷƳݣ޷ҲΪ̫ӣʺվǷȱЩ, ΪЩպ̳дͳ, ʤΡ
, Ƴûа취ϵġ
Ϊ̫, ȷʵкܶĲ㡣
Щ㲢Ϊ޶, Ŭ, Ϊ̫, ʮԺſʼʶֱ֣Ҫÿóʱѧҵ
޴ӿ֪Ҳܰ˵
Żһֱ, ̫֮λʼһ˼
뷽跨ھǣǹĶ󳼶̫Ӳɣһر£ȺԼš
ɽƽȣֻԼأ
Ƴʱ˵̫ҽԺˣҪҪࡣ
Ƴ鷿߳Ǻ£
̫ҽԺ˴𣺡̫ӵ£Ů̿̽Ծˡ
Ƴһף漴ӿֳģǵʮһ͵͵ԵģΪ˶ʱչĳ
ʮһеһůˣд̸ʣûҪء
󣬽Ԩ˵ڵ״޷ȥ˳ƽ̫ҽԺҽΣȻĽսҲܶ죬Գչ֮
ôͻȻ̽
˭Ľ
Ƴȥ̫ҽԺߵʮһڵǸ䣬ĿһƬ۵ĺɫ
ʮһһƬѪѪɫ˵ȴͣŷǰûʲôʹࡣ
Ԩ˵ȴ˵ʮһǰѾָ֪֮̽󳦴ãӦǺʹġ
µҲܿ鿴һҪ˴ش£֮硣
ڲ鿴̫ҽԺ¼ķƳֹ̧ûбҪֱ˰ɡ
չԼѡԶҲûıҪˡ
˴ȥź£Ƴ̫ҽԺ¼Ϸ֡
ƳһҲûиеȡ
ʹ̫ҽԺˣ˵ϵһֱûϣһҩҲȥʮһδ̫ҽԺ˶÷
ƳüģܾﲻԾ
ɣԼҲʮһأҲмɵģ̫ҽԺˣԨӽʮһˣпܸ͵͵ӣͻָжǽ͵Ҳ˵
ʮһ÷Ƴǵ䣬һ᲻֪˭˵ججػصȴû÷ˡ
̫أʹˡ
̫ӵ£̫ˡ˻ش
ԼĪȥٳ˵ˡ
ǰ÷ھѡլԺ÷÷֪˵뽫˽ӻؽоס˲ϣҲԸ
ڵ״Ҫˣֻź򣬾סܹǲЩ
÷ڽѡһլԺؽȥ̽ˡ
Ƴ֪÷⼸һֱΪ˵ģȻ⣬ʱҲߡ
÷ڷƳȥ̫ҽԺúͳˣߵüҲ˰Ź˸Ƴ
ְźףһϢ˵ֵĺɽˤˡ÷żϽȥ֡
ˤò̫أֻЩˣҲѾˣѾӺˡ
ôˤأ÷Ů
Ůūûź÷ˣ̫𷣡
ҲҪǣһµʱ֪ǲܲӰŻˤ
Ůշ˵ȥɽɢū澶˱ŷһȥźȻˤˣūǷӦ÷ˤˡ
˵ǵ£ΪԼԭһһûע±ˤˡ
÷뵽ϴԪ˵֮Իᷢ׵ĲԾΪ·Ȼˤһӣˤ֮ôһǴʧ״̬
÷彫һŮеһߣˤ֮ʲôӣŮشˤ֮ȷʵһǵԼΪȥĺɽܿҲˡ
Ǳˡ
÷ףڽһլԺ徻ţҲ
Ҳ֪Լ״ԸҽΣǻ鷳ҲͷӦɽˡ
÷ĸ׷ڣɴձĸȥլԺƷͲ࣬᲻꣬һ˱ǡ
ĸŮ˱˾ʦ̫ɽ
Ԩ˵׻סĲҲаġ
լԺѾʰ׵ȴǰ÷˰ŵŮǱҲ˼˹֮аı÷㰲
լдŷعУΪеĴʯͷʱأ⼸յǵҲࡣ
ҪͷƳϢ
˶ȴùЩԡ
̫ɻˡ⹫Ͻӭ˵̫ӵ¶һˡ
µһ죿÷ɻûȥĻϿûȥʹ𣿡
⹫½ﶼûȥ̫ҽԺ֮ͰԼ鷿緹ûãҲý
̫ҽԺ÷һ֣˰ʮһǰʮһʲô𣿡
⹫СŮ̿̽Ծˡ
̽𣿡÷ʮ𾪣ʲôʱ飿
ͽϡ
ϷƳϢȥ̫ҽԺʱûü÷壬漴÷˵ˤ˵飬ߵüҲ˸߷Ƴ
÷Ȼ֪ʮһԷƳ˵ǶôҪˣǰڹʱʮһദ˼գƺǽһ㡣Ƴϲ˶˵ʮĮʮһദʱȴֵñƽůࡣ
ϾʮһʱڷƳУһֱǵĺá
д̶˶Ӱ죬ݶһʱҲи
Ӱʮһ֮ס̫ҽԺ飬÷֪Ƴ԰ʮһǾ˵ġ
ɽȻûˣƳﶨȻǼΪܵġ
÷ţѾߵ鷿ſڣţ£檻ˡ
һŴƳ
δţ÷ƿű˽ȥ
Ƴ΢бпϣϵҲδ򿪣֪жˡ
鵭ģһ˵įĸо÷忴ۡ
£檷˵׹ˡ÷ߵߣ檲ôеµôá
Ƴϵ飬ƽһ䣺ĸɽ𣿡
ѾµլԺסˡ
ţĸҪЩҲûʲô
仰ûʲôζƺԹ׿ñҪ
ˣ鷿ʱܻὫУ˵
÷룬ɴԼĻУͬǸ£´γ檳Ϊʲô飬
Ƴеȣ̧ͷ
÷˳ƻסĲӣǳ檵ķҪʱӦߡ
ǰɽƵע½ڻƳڷ뻳УҲû֮ǰǰƽϣТǺ£ûй㡣
鷿һ죬˼ʮһ飬ҲһеԴͷ
Ϊ̫ò⡣
Ϊ̫ӣԲ˵ĲŻʮһֻһСӣӣԺ󻹲֪ж١
̫֮λƳʼմһݲ
˲֪̫֮ǰǽͷһ˿ؤˡ
һ´Ţ֮УӵеһУƽ̫ǷȻ                        
лҪ˵ǸһӶϸ죬ȸ˵Բ
ȻҪǼ
ѮĻΪƳٵʱ䣬öŪæ
ϰǲܰˣ°»ӣ·ټ
ԴҪһµļ٣뱦Ǽ
ܴŻһ£Ҿǣ

068

, ˼յС꣬Ƴȼδϳ, ̫ҽЩʹҩ, Ч̫, ÷һ˽ȥҽԨҪ˸ӡ
սů, ÷ĲҲûôҪ, Ԩ׼Ҫڳпҽݡ
ЩķҲ밲ˣھպҲҪȢӣһƽ˵ӡ
÷ȻϲԸھ, һЩ飬ҽ˳š
÷ÿջҽݸ, üҩȥӡ
÷, ԨÿҲȥһβ
Ƴ½Ԩҩ, ʹתࡣ
⼸, ͳ𰹫С̽, ΪСڹ˳𰹫˭Ҳ, Ψϲ÷壬𰹫Ҳֵñ
ǼĶӣ񼾹ڶ, ӺͶӶλӣܿգѾƲסӵ
ڷͣߣҲΪ˶λӡƳ̸֮䣬żҲἰһЩ顣
ʵ澿ܱһʱҲ¶ۡ
˳סҲ˲²⣬̵ְ
ż𰹫򸾶ЩһЩ顣Թµ裬Ƴ뼾ܣǲ˽ģ뼾氵˽ס
֮Ƴ⼸δȥϳϹۣ
ʵ۽Ƴȥ鷿ΣעһЩ
ЩӹķԽԽĿڱھк࣬оǺڲݣȻԶ׼
ȻЩֶζֻСС֣ջ۵İܻƳҲһֱӲ
ڸһνȥ鷿ʱ򣬷ƳЩ鵽һЩ֤ݶʸ˸ʿ
ʮһȥǿӣ̫ҽԺһλ̫ҽԨλ̫ҽᱡʮһҲӽʮһͼıʱ򣬰ʮһĴ͵һӡ
ƫɣ֮ǰȥ̫ҽԺҩʱΪҩľλ̫ҽ
ȥҩãʮһ̽ˣ˱԰Լɡ
ǰƳټʮһбݵĴ󳼣ƺҲһЩϵ֮Ƴл뵯ԹţЩ֤ݳʸʵۣ㲻ܸҲûʵۻǲߵԭ
ʵƳϸȻ˻ɡڷƳߺ󣬽鷿ʾϵ޴󰭣뾩Լķˡ
¶ҺŪȥɳ鷿ȷʵĵɻ
ԼЩ黹ˮ©ƳǱ߾Բ鲻ȷ֤ݣҵһЩ˿ôʻΪЩ˿Լϳأ
ڸУƳķô
ЩӷƳķֱ£εȻ
⣬иǲڸȷ뿪֮ǰƳʵݣ
ŷƳ̫ӣΪǳ̫ӵд̣һֲ߻ġ
ļȥд̣˻ĵͬ˵ǵһִ˶Ƴܻ
ص̫ϢŸʽԼӷٻؾǣɵȵȴֻ̫˳ֲûñȬˡ
ôأ
صˣûҲôȬ
֮ǰѾͨţѾԪڹеƳݡ֮ŷԪǸ׵ģջģȻ¡
ֻϾԪڹʱȽϳ̫ĸҲܲӣãԪһ鵽һЩֻǲϸѡ
ʱȣҲ˲ҹﰵнԪ˳ڷƳ飬鵽ʲô
Ԫʵ鵽ΨһһǳϦգϷȴƳסͼͷȥҹϷһãǿʳЩߡ
Ԫ⻹˵λҪȵնÿбŰȥ
ǷƳ˼
Ԫ²⣬Ƴ԰Ϸʹһ۾ʶ˵ܾǰͼϷڰֵ´һʱ䣬ԲŻôϳ֪֤
²㣬ôƳȷʵܿɡ
һʱţûҼȥ
ǰû⣬ҲҸǱֻҡͷй˼̫꣬ŵģδʲô
ţڹʱҲˣôʲôû
ԪͷûоûУɫϣҪȥˡ
סֻ˼̫꣬ȴĸ֮ججĻӣǶ֮ԺԵ𣿡
ԪûֻҪһЩʱ䡣
סеŭѹڲҪֻҪһЩҿԼȥ飬ȲõĻӰ̫꣬ĸҲи
ԪЩĶԥ
һһͻƿڣһܿȻ󲨣ǸʱҲ̹Ȼ÷塣
Ŀ˸òвЦ׻ֻǸûĻСıڸȷʵһЩ
ûԣ̧ǯסԪ°ֱͣԼҲǸϧˣִⲻ˵㲻ҪҶ㲻
ңԪһۣҺһɤǾͻ
޿֣ҹҶڴĻᣬҪ԰
Ԫ֣˭Ļ᣿
Ȼǽͣж˼Ϸʣ㵹мɫģִⲻ͸¶ңҲܿ뿪ǣ뿪֮ǰҶ򸸻ʺ̫ȥȥҸ
ǸвģвԪǲй㲻ҲҪȥˣȻֵ̫ᷢġ˵飬ÿһٻش㡭
Ԫ˵ҪߣƶοϷ뿪֮䣬Ԫּգɴִһƺǿ
ʹصӸ׼ĻصԼңȴйŮķǰ˵̫Ҫȥһˡ
Ԫ⾪湬Ůȥ̫޵
̫Σ˫ĿԪ顣
Ԫ̫밲Ԫ⸣񣬲ֱ̫۾ֻʵҹˣ̫ôδޣ
ҽ˯ţ죬̫ζаҵء
Ԫæڵϣ̫ˡԪĲǣԪ̰棬ȥ԰һ
ӻãȥҲûʲôֵֻ̫⹬˵õҲⲻЩ߰˻˵Щ߰Ļˣǡ
ֱⷬ˵ԪϥǷ
̫û˵һ䣺Ԫ⣬𣿡
ԪæԪˡ
˾ͺãһֱǸĺӣϲĺӡ
Ԫͷ亹乡
̫˻֣ˣҲȥ˯ɣ氧ȥһˣ˵ֲ̫̫㰧ҹȥ
ԪˣԪȥˣ̫ҲϢ
صԼҺ󣬲źԼһĺ·ʪˡ
̫֪ȥˡ
̫еǰ
ԭ̫һʼڰй۲
̫ûͬ˵ΪûʲôĶ˵ʵǲܻԼķˡ
ڶһ磬Ԫص̫棬̫ùź󣬱ȥ
һƴеˣҲ̫ҽȥֻš
***
ƳڴϿ裬÷ӽԨѧ˼аĦַƳϸϸš
Ǻܴ󣬶ʹĻҲޣϸϸСְģȥĴתʹעҲȥˣʵֿʼСֿʼߡ
ϵԽԽᣬƳƣ÷ë΢΢´о⡣
뵽ЩΪչĸף﹬ܣӦˡ
ס÷֣÷̧ͷô˵£ǳ檰ò𣿡
ǣƳϣȲˣϢ
÷Ҳ֪⼸ô£ʹ˯㣬ﻹǻᾭе롣
ڻ峿ųŲãŲ̫á
£檲ۡ
Ƴɴӵһ£һ
÷忿ıУһ£ӿˣ۾գգģԽգԽ롣
ƳϲԺı飬ļ磬ͬ˵ǲһ㣿
÷幾ǳԺٳЩ
УƳٶЩݻȥ
÷ЦЦ§ŷƳ㣬Ҫ˯һ˽˵̫ˡ
÷ֻøϽ·ͷŷƳһȥӭ̫ˡ
ԴϴηƳ̫˲֮Ѿûˣ̫ʵЩȡ
˵̫ӵȼַˣ̫º󣬹֮࣬ЦҲôԣϾϴηƳ˵ӣбĿģҲ̫ӡ
Ԫ⣬֪̫ãЩһֱӸź򰧼ңҲûܵÿ̫£ú̫ɡ̫Ԫ˵
Ԫ̫˼ΪƳȼΪ˽÷ôԼ÷ϣҪ÷塣
Ԫиˡ
÷岻֪Ԫ룬Ϊ̫˵⻰Ϊ˽Ԫ֧ʲô뵥ͷƳ˵Ѱ˸ɣԪȥ˺Ժ
̫ͷƳ˴˶еΡ
ƳǾ̫ʲôҪ˵յ̫֮ƿ˵Щ
Ƴһ㶣ûϵ̫Ȼ˵ǡ
һȰ˵ʵۣطء
л̫󡣡
̫Ҳûٶ˵ʲôȻȥˣһԪˣͬ˵һ
Ƴ̫󡣡
̫δߵԺڣȻСŮӺԺ˳֮һȹǷҲƵԺȥһԵɣ̫̫ӵ£̫Ӳ
ƳһתԺȥ߱ʣ̫ﲻ
СŮ𣺡̫˿㣬ȻˣǸ̫ƽԵģӦⰡ
ߵ̫⻰۾һ룬ЦҲתŷƳԺȥ                        
лҪ˵ҷ
ǸñǵôãҸǷСǣ

069

Ԫⱻ÷ȥ˺Ժ֮, һŮ˲ˮ͵ġ
ǵþӨ͸ǿˡһһ, һһ߳, ֪ų˰, ÷鲻ԣܳȥ
ԪĵһӦǵĲɾ, ᲻汻˶һ, һӷԼһڵѪ
ŮһŻˣָӹŮϽȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ֪̫̫ӵ¡
̫Ӻ̫ʱ÷պˮڣûзôˡ
Ԫɫɷ, ƺɫҪá
Ƴ߹Ҳǵĵ汻˶, ˽ȥ顣
÷巽ȥ֮, Ѿúöˣ̫, , ǳ檷ųԵļ, ҭˡ
Ƴп, Է
̫ȥԪ⣬Ԫ˲ǣ˵Ҳû, Ƿſ̫żˡ
̫ƺЩȻûٿת÷塣һԹ۲һ̫󿪿˵ţ̫ǰЩӣƺԲ
̫ӽҲ˵ƺЩű̫Ӻ̫˵һЩ÷帧˸ԼԼҲʼǲ̰Զˡ
ûгԶٰ
̫ǻᾭƣ룿̫ʡ
÷˵ͷףߵ·Щȷʵеƣ롣
θڿɻã
Ҳãƽ࡭
̫ЦˣࣺҲǣǲŸտʼзӦ
÷һʱûƳҲû̫˼һԵԪһתȴˣ˷ܵؿ÷Ķӣѵˣ
÷ͷϸŷӦĪǡ
Ƴ۾Ҳ˸һ£еĹֻһ˲ʧȥȡ֮ǻĪ䡣
̫ҽܿ÷֮󣬹ֱϲϲ̫󣬹ϲ̫ӵº̫ϲ
̫󵱼ϲЦտԪҲſĲѣ÷ȴȥƳΪ֪ƳڲҪӡ

ƳҲڿأ֪ʲô
̫ҽ÷һЩҪע飬̫Ҳһ̫ͷ̥ҪϸЩЩӾˣǷĲף˽׽סҲɣ⹬ԷǣҲȥˡ
ǰ̫÷̬Ⱥǹѵм˻һӺͰ࣬üĿĴ۰ǷԷθġ
÷ţɵ̫ģӼȻѾϱĸУϱԵСĺǻúƽ١
⻰˵̫ģҲ˵Ƴġ
֪ԼһСһ̣оϲڴ
ܷƳϲϲӣú۰֮С
÷뵽ԪⶼѪˣ̫ҽԪһơ
Ԫȴأ˵ʲôҲƣ鷳̫ҽˣûµġ
̫û̫ӸԪƣԪ뿪ˡ
ߺ÷׼ͷƳú̸һ̸˭֪Ƴȴû˵ĻᣬԹԾ˳ȥ
·̫һֻҪȥ
÷Щʧ䣺ôϲ
Ƴ˶̫ҽԺǱȥܿ׷˷Ÿ÷̽ϲ̫ҽ
̫ӵ£к£̫ҽ
̫ܿкŮһǶƳֱ
̫ҽһɫ̫ӵ£̫е̥·СĿǰƲ
Ʋͺá
ƳһԺ̫Ҫһ顭
̫ӵ뽲
ƳɫϾͬС
̫ҽϸţɫصشӦ
ƳȥĹ̫ͻʺʹͱ׷ˡ
ʺͳ𰹫Ҳϲ𰹫СЦ̫ӵ˵ŲҪӣȴУ̫ˣ¿Ҫˡ
÷ͷЦһ£ҲûŻʺͳ𰹫ȷʵڵµ֮⣬̫ӵƺһʱûнӵĵ
ʺӽʱûпƳʱѾµ£ǰ÷̫ӽ̬ⷬʵԣδӡ˵ݼڣ̫ϲ㣬ȻҲϲӣʱ̫Ӷһġ
лĸ̵÷ҲźúҷƳ̸һ̸ġ
С۾ż˵ڳ𰹫סˣŤԲӾҪ
ѧ·ûã𰹫ҲûڵϣֻС첲ڵߡ
÷ͬʺͳ𰹫˵ŻʱʱСһۣСĿɰˡ뵽ԼԺҲһôɰĺӣ÷ֺһЩ
СڵﶵתתһƺԺķ羰ƨƨߵȥ
ںżҪȥϣƵԶԶģƫҪԼȥż
𰹫Цеض˵Ƕôȥ
Ǽ˶Сż̧СȣǷǽƵⷭ
ǡ÷ƳСڿżϲϲµģûʰˡ
¿ͱѣԭ뿿Լ˫˫ųȥСΪԸŬϣʱˣ۵һǱһ
ƳЩ£ҲǣҲǡ
æǰСԷƳ͵̫ӵ±֣ūűСȥԺСӾͲˡ
Ƴͷͬ⣬ﱧСҪżȥ֪Сֺ
ֻñص𰹫ߡ
𰹫С˻СһԼ׻Уҵ˿ɽһ㣬ŤӣһСָͷָŷƳѽѽؿ
˿ģɶΨƳüСôô֣ܿһҲϲ
÷˵ģĸͻʽ㶼Ҳý÷һߵ˵
׼кطϢȥƳк뵽һ£Ǳת˳ȥ
Ƴı鶼÷վ۵ףΪСĿɰĵһء
ʺıҲڨڨģһʱҲʲôֻĬĬ̾˿
÷еϢҲ˻ʵ۵ĶУʵ鷿裬Ÿ÷ʹЩʲôõʱ棬˵̫ӹˡ
ʵ뵽Ƴ֮ǰȷ˵Ҫӵ飬вһ̫Ӧòİɣ
ƳȻģʵǲϲ÷ĺӣһֱĵԼܱܲ÷ĺӡ
Ȼ÷Ѿ˺ӣôи˱̡뿪ǡ
˼뿪ǣʵƳ˵ģ㽫ķŻ˶Ѿ˵ˣӦþͿ뿪ˡ
Ѿ˵ȴҪＸ첻ߣѱڴʲô⣿
Ҳô˵Ͼ֤ݣҲȫ֤Щ鶼Ĳǣ
ǸʱٵȵȰɣȵ˶ݣִˣʱǶ̫뿪Ҳ˵
޲˼ʵһἰ÷ĺӣˣջ˵˵ģ⼸վ뿪ǡ
лʡ
Ƴ˵ձҪȥʵ۽ס̫࣬ӽҪϸ
Ƴһ˵񣺡֪ˡ                        
лҪ˵̫ϲҼС

070

Ƴ鷿·, ˼档
ռǱţЮ˹, ڱƹ, дع, ˺һоȳʡ
Ƴ, ˼һ, ӣʱĽţ̵ְʱӦûôģȥװ׼ˣ塭
֪ƳⷬʮеģǻģϵȻȫšֻǶҲǳ֮, ּȻøҪЮһȥΪ, Ҳܲ˸ʵİΣֻȥ, һ, ̫Ӱæ
ƳѴ, ֿæ, ƳΪһЩȥ, Ҫ󣬷Ƴǲþܾġ
ǴӦһûд뼾ӵĹϵ, ôὫڶսΪս
Ӽų𰹫֮û죬͸ʾ顣
հ֣ǲԸͼģĵľǼ
Ƴ£û뵽Ҫæģ顣
̫ӵ£Ҵ˷ؼȥδ֪óȻųСһ𣬹ʶĸŮƽһУҾǻȥ
ҪԼȥƳҪԼæľȻ£ֻǣҶԻʽ˽⣬ضһ˻ؼ
ųǣ֣̫ӵ°
ţȻЩΪѣǳСڷȷʵȻȥҪȫһЩҾ
ƳӦ룬ֵǼңǷò֡Լֲһ㰵ɽһãٻȥ·ϰȫ
ȻܽǷƳһֱͦͼΪˣһЩ޹غȨ֮İæ
ʮָмл̫ӵ£
Ƴļ򣺡ȥƽ
Ԫ̫صӸ̫ȥס졣
Դ鷢һֱû̫ȥֶ㼸죬˳ú˼һ£Ӧô
̫ƺ˼ûôԥͬˣȥҲá
Ԫͷ̧Ԫʰˣ̫⼸ҪӣԪټź
̫̾˿ͷȥɡ
Ԫصʰܿͳ˻ʹ
֪̫һ˰ж֣Ҳȥ˳·˾סĵط뵽÷ϲ£ùû˹Ϣ
Ԫÿ˴ţԱ˳ؽȥˡ
һĴڸƲԪ͢ʮһɱʧ֮ͼҩ|Ĵ˰ʮһ
˼ƺһԪ⣬ˡ
ˣԪ߹ߣҽճȥסգҲܹ
οؿǸúӣһֱǹҡ
Ԫزֱ˵۾ҲǸúӣҷһ󡣡
ʵʲô󣿡
Ԫҧҧ촽˵
˵㲻˵ˣ˼ΪѣҲûм׷ȥο˶᷸ˣһֱǵԼĴԲҪԼ˴ǻӣֻҪƣʱͻǺúӡ
Ԫдʪʵ𣿡
ЦӯӯؿԪ⻹һӣȥһԵĽԨýۣҷ˵Ļ𣿡
Ԩͷº͵Ҿ˵ĺܺãֻҪһֱ˴ʱֲŹһõԭµġ
ԪȻסˣлл˺ĿҺ֪ôˡ
֣ο
ԪһԼ뵽÷廳е飬һ˿Цˣˣˣ֪𣿡
֪ˣǰ˹ҡ˵£ЦȻˣ̫ӵǲҲܿģ
Ԫһ£˵ǰ̫ӵҲܿģ̫󡢻ʺﶼܿģȥ˺öණء
ǾͺãֻҪúãҴҲûʲôźˡ
ҲҪϿĺˣĸģýס죬ء
˵ƺ˼˵Ҳǡ
֮ԪҲûҶ飬Ҫȥˡ
ԨҲ˲ݲķչһҩһˣԪǰ߳լԺ
Ԩ
Ԫפ㣬תʲô𣿡
Ԩǫ͵ˣǲµҽΪһɣ
Ԫ⾪ȵȻܿˣ
ҽߣУһıǡɫ԰ףϢǣ±ˡ
̹ϺԪĪֵΣµǶԵģˣͷҿӰɡ
ãԵȡԨ͵ϥҩóֽʣҩд
Ʈڸɾ޳кԪ̲סһ䣺дֺܺÿ
лл佱ԨдҩĩβԼ֣½ԨﰴӷҩԼĪվܼá˱ȲˣﲻҪļвʣȥѰңÿջһΡ
***
ƳһЩ漾ȥ飬æŻض
ϲ˲ȵʱ١
ϲ˼ֻ̫һڶ̫ӵӰлֹ᷸
Ӵģֱӻӵ÷壬÷ֻǷƳæԵҲ˵ʲô
ֹ÷ʧ䡣
ȵϷƳʱ÷ûһţЪˣмֶζ
Ƴʱ÷̫˯ˣ
𣺡˯һˡ
ţ°ɡ
̫Ƴ£˳ҡ
һ÷оЩ΢ݣǷƳˡ
۾ʲôɫ
ճȥһ죬ԼĪüɡ
÷ĬĬ̾˿
һƳ÷ƺҪŪ
÷岻۾
̽½󡭡
÷尵ҧװ˯
ֻʵ֣Ҫ˳ߡ
÷ΪƳҪֵʱֻȴСֹͣãʼСš
÷Ľ۾һ죬㿴˰Ǹɽ̫ӣһרעؿĶӣ¶ؽ棬ƺӵĺûʲô
ӲһŸշѿӣȻֳʲô÷壬Դӽϳ˰֮󣬽һ춼ûθڣҲûôԶ
ʱƫɲɵģӹһֱе÷Ƴһֱӡ
Ȼ㿴÷һ˫Լ
뵽ԼŵĶƳЩȣмɬ
̫ӶˡƳһһģ˵
÷塰ꡱһЦˣ£ǺӶˣǺӵˡ                        
лҪ˵ֱ̫ӵ¡
СϾϸһ£лǻڿҵģ

071

÷˵, Ƴʲôйȥ
÷һԼ֮ڷƳķһԽҪ󣺡, ġ
ǰƳʱ, ɽׯԸˡ
һ춼ûôԶ, ĪʱƳķȻ˵жζ, Ǹζ
ȻҲǴ˼̽һ, ϣҲԲ
ƳҪ󣬲Խ˹أͦ˵ġ
ֹ̧һСӣҲżֳ磺ţȥС
˵ձ´ȥ·
÷Ҳ檸һȥ, ջҲá
㻹ջ𣿡
ġ
÷˵úƶƳΪĻ, ˳, Ƴ˶к, ͵¹, ÷ỹ̨´, Ѭֱᡭ
ΪԼ, ȥи˽ɡƳȥϵĻҳ
÷岻˼ؽ͵£Ļ, ǰֵʱġ
Ƴοľ񲻺ãյòá
÷ûټﵹæ˳ӵ߳ȥĹˣ˭ջ𣿽ȥ°æ
ڳΧһȦľսؿλڳæĹūŻᣬūŻᡭ
÷ָһλС̫࣬С̫һ̽ȥƳջˡ
Сֽ̫շƳҪջ򣬲һƳ㳴زһ뼦
÷ԵʮֿģСĳԶˣƳԺߣʳ
£÷ô˻ᣬͬƳӵ飬ǰӦҲҪӣ⺢ͻȻҲʵûϵչ鶼İţ±˺òã
Ƴһֱûи÷壬ôҪӵԭ
Ŵȫ׼ֻҪӣɼȻѾˣҲûвҪ˼
һû׼ãӾˣֻڵԼᱣƳ֪ôϲûһ˼˺ܶ࣬˵ĶԣվҪһһֱ׼áˣҶȻúñǵĵһӡ
÷Ƴ뿪£вɻϲ
ĸ첲ͷҪȷһ飺ǵ»۰𣿡
Ƴ룺ֻҪСһ֡
Сܿɰ
ɰôһͷۡ
ƳϲС˵ϣСһ仰ĵڶ죬𰹫С÷壬ϣܰæСһʱ䡣
ԭΪʹСֻ÷һˡ
ƲĸŮȻؼˣ֪뱣ĸŮİȫʵڲһ˻ȥ𰹫˵ҹ͵͵빬ģȥ׷Ӧúܸܿϡ
ӻؼˣ÷循ȵ
һԵķƳ֪飬Ҳϵ˳𰹫ȥ׷ǵʽ㣬Ȼ֪СΪǵİΣ룬ֺαعģ׷ؼܰʲô
𰹫ӼȻᷢΪޣȻҪһȥȻﲻʲôæߣѡ
Ƴ̫Ů˵˼˵ⷬҲ𰹫Լĸ顣
ӻȥҰŵģҪ㡣ƳҲû£Ȱ˵ʽ㣬أȥ壬֮ΣʱʺҲеΪѣ֪òó㣿βöӷģøʺҲʡģ
õԴΪأܰ𰹫һȥ֮˵ǰ֮ǣҲҪ͸ʳңֻǺúøСͺá˵Ŷӣǲ䵽ֵزġ
˵Ҷ˵ˣƳ÷壬̫أ
÷忴һԼС룬˵£檷һ£ǵһҲһ飬ҲȽӱãȻ׷¶ȥ
һʽȥҲȫȻﲻ϶ӵæ÷岹ʽǷĹ᲻ֻ֪Ӳֻ֪ڲȷ¼ɵʽ㱳ķԶ˵γǶһ㱣ɡ
𰹫գʮָмؿ÷һۡ
Ƴ˼Ƭ̣ɿ˵նʱұµ㲻סȻȥѾҲڻʹȥɣ˵Ǹ
𰹫ڻ˯ŵС÷壬˶ͷƳ˸񣺡СͽˣҺͶӻջġ
÷屧СƳ𰹫һøٰ˱㣬ѱдŻҺ͸ʻ취Ĳ㡭
𰹫ӯΪˡ
𰹫ߺ󣬷Ƴ÷廳С
÷ЦŰοĪȨǰϰˡ
Сʱ˯ţ֪ĸ׺ĸѾ뿪ˣ˯һ¡
ƳСֺСһֱôмֿɰġ
÷Ƴ׿ڿСɰˣûСһ͵˷ƳĻУ£㱧
Ƴ˹ѧ÷巽űӵƱС
ģȵģָлͦá
Сһһ˱ģǲǲˣ
С𾢣Ȼ˷̵̫ɩɩ̫ɩɩ
̱ı˽÷ͷƳûüСһЩСһСȣ۾ûأüͷѽѽؿ
Ƴ˸ɽƵģؿ÷塣
÷ûӹǹƳ£
ô壿
ҡҡ
áƳģҡҡ޵צģԽԽ
ƳҪ÷廳ͣ÷岻ӣҲҪѧź庢ӣԺǵĺӳˣ¾оˡ
Ѿ˽С޵˵ɩɩҳСȻɡ
÷ס̶֣һܽСõġ
Ȼ޼ƿʩķƳСвĪٿˣٿ޾Ͱӳȥ
÷壺
̣

072

ϲ֪÷ϲ, ʮϲɩɩһܹҪϲ
Ϊ̫ˣһʱ˹, ֻź̫ɩɩ, û뵽˯С
ССƢǼʶ, ƽģ׶, ̫ɩɩ˵ܺ, ̾ûֺ岻ãϾǸƢҲǹ˵ģûаĵӣôܻȥСأ
ȻϣָСֻС, ŻСٿ޾Ҫӵ
Сıס, ʱ, һ˫ʪ۾, ؿŷƳ
ƳЧ, ͻ÷廳, Ȼȥ, Ӱƺôһ㽾
СƳԶˣСһ壬Ҫ, ÷æİСĪޣǲǶˣҴȥòã
ͬϸ磬
ССչһɣˡ
÷壺
鷿Уʵոսһ̸ߵʱɫ̫ʣﲻ֪ʲô뷨
Ƴ˵뿪ǣջʵ۱ǰƳ鵽֤ݶǰȷᵳӪ˽ڮ̫Ǵʹֻصأ̣ȻҪ
Щ֤вжԼ
ʵԵ㾿ûЩ£жϡԼķأǱ߻һأԵȥ
Ƿƶĵط
󾪣ڻǴӦʰԼķء
в죬ʵζӳ£̫أҪʲô¶
ǰ̫ǳɱȻûܲĻʹǻʵۻɹģһֱûҵ֤ݣʶҲֻǻɶѡ
Ǹպһ뿪ȥز÷顣
Ϊǳɱʧȥ̫ӡ
ʱ̫ӣԶڵ̫Ҫࡣ
뵽ȥʵ̾˿
***
Сڶһ󣬵ϣź֪ط֣Ѿһ춼ûмˡҹҲϺˣҲ˯ˣҪס
ۿҪԼʹȥû˷ӣֻȥ÷취
ʱ÷ںͷƳҽȼ顣
ǰƳŲҽΣһΪۣΪ߲̫ƽҽΣĸ²硣
Ѿ뾩ԪǱ̫ţʱӦòʲô鷢ˡ
÷ҲУ˵ͷиķӦȽһЩҪʱʱ̿עš
ڶµȼպÿһֱ
÷̶뽪ԨΪϹؽӣȼ
ҪЪ֮ʱǰ˵
Сڣ÷˵Ъţ檹ȥ
ԭӵߵķƳЩ̫ԸϾСղ뿪ףһЩҲ֮С
ȥһ£ϢϾҲӵˡƳ
÷ȥƫСڴϿ޵Сͨ죬ͷǺģͷʪˡ
֮ǰ÷뵽޵û뵽޵ô
ǸСƢģԼŹ
÷æǰȥӴϱ§ڻ壺ԣˡ
С˲Լףǿ޵òġ
÷屧ڷţţĵţţԼĪһӵʱ䣬ˡ
Ȼ÷ιЩˮſ޵û÷½󣬲һ˯ˡ
ʪĽëżӦ˯òȡ
÷뽫ﱧش˯䵽ﻳУҪ÷ֻֽ˻
˯ɡ÷˵ȥСЩ̣ҹСˣȡ
̫ҹСǶˣܽūιǡ
÷д㣺ҹúЪţ̫ҽȼûմС˯ˣúչ
ãūȥţм鷳̫ˣ̫ȻūǺ岻Сӡ
ūȥţм鷳̫ˣ̫ȻūǺ岻Сӡ
û£𰹫иңȻҪúչ
÷屧Сص޵ƳڴϿ飬бСɵôСޱˣ
岻ˣֻñˡ÷ߵߣͬƳ͵СҹﶼѼҪ̺ȣǵĳ֣檱ȥƫ˯
ã˯Ƴ˵㲻ߣ˯á
÷˴Сࡣ
Сһմź˼˶ӱʾ÷˯ȥ
Ƴȵ÷СŵлὫ÷̻ԼбţһԺ󲻻һֱҪ˯ɣ
˵׼ء
Ҿòô
ûϵģôСռ˶ٵطġ
÷嵽׻ᣬûĸףֻΪСŵʱƤ֣С˯Ҳʵ
һС˯˯űʽ˯÷ͷƳΪ˶һֱڸŲط˯ʮСġ
°ҹС޹ȻˣҪ̺ȡ
÷ȥ׼̣ڵȴĹУС˭ĻҲȥ۾ǿޡ
÷Ҳǲ֪ŶӵޣǺ岻õġ
Ƴͷѣ÷ϸ岻ãԼ
۾һɣٿޣۣ

073

Ƴ۾Сٿ, ۣ
С޵õʱһҭסˡ
÷˷Ƴһ䣺£
˾ͺáƳû˯, ɴһֱ, бҪ޵ļ, Ƴ㿴һۣ˱㽫Сµòҿ, ÷廳ֱ¡
ںܿ칬˱㽫Ⱥõ̶, Сȷˣ빾ཹûһȹˣδ˱ͣ÷廳ɵǺǵЦƵġ
÷屻һ֣ⷽ浹˾, ûż˯һ, ʪ, ˽ϸɾ֮, §˯¡
ΪҹСڵһ, ڶ춼ˡ
Сѵ, ѵû, Լٱǣ˱Ǿ÷ϣԽ÷ȥٷƳ, ӿ͡
л˯ŵķƳĸҪĸ˷
һۣƼһŹӵཱུС
ƳƳֺѹ÷ϣѹ÷ĺӣæ̵ԼУһ䣺ѹ˵Ķӣ
СһƨĶϣƳѹúһϣСֶա
СʱЦ
÷СͷƳ桱ʮֿġ
÷㽫С︧Ҳ棬ʶﲢ÷ġ
ԨƵҩ빬׼ΪƳҽȼ
ҩƻϣ÷Ƴ£º֮˯һͺˡ
ƳŽɵط£һû֪
÷һֱ˯һ㣬ôˡ
ԨԷƳʹУûзӦſʼ
ƳȼöϹؽӣϹǵĹȻЩ̣ŵ÷һֱð亹ʵڿȥ۾ΪƳϣ˯ûʹУϣιҲܵȼš
˷ϹؽӰʱʱŵɣԨ죬÷˵ˣֻúúˣܳȬˡ
ˣ÷ϲëзı꣬ҪллһֱΪ׷ģҵһ⣬ҲӦõı꣬Цɡ
̫ˣ̫̫Ӿһ񻹲֪ܲܺúûϡԨⱨ꣬÷ֱȥҽС
ˣûȥף׵Ĳкת𣿡÷ʵ
黹ڻļأڵľ״̬֮ǰ࣬Ԩ뵽ǰ飬Ϊǰ̫е飬ࡣһλСԪ⡯ĹȥͬһЩ飬ƺͨһЩڿϻĽˡ
̫ˣ÷˵Ҿͳȥ
Ԩ̫ʲôӦ̫Ҳɳʱ˳¡
á
÷彫ԨͳֻصƳš
Ƴ˯һʱ
ԨҩʵʱƳδȫָ֪Ҳۣȵҩȫȥ۵Щܲˡ
Ԩֹ۵ҩ֮Ч̫ã۵񲻰
÷忴ۣԼҲżƳתע
ƳһĻ÷лϵĹ¶ˣϲճʱȥ鷻򼸱
ҹ÷˼ŷƳˣûٰСȥƫ˯ţĻص޵񵱳סʱҲܡ
ƳʱˣȥֻڴϵҲһ۰Ͱ͵ˮĸо
õ¾õˣ檺С˯ţԼҲ˯ˡ÷͵
һΪʹ˯ﲻˡƳԹζ
÷÷ƳǳԴˣôܳһСӵĴأ£С뿪û죬Ҫչһ
Ƴߵ̫ǲˣ̫ӵҲҪչˣ
÷Ц֪ˡ
߹ȥߣȻ𣿡
Ƴûš
Ѿˣ÷룺ǳ檸𾭣

檸㵯٣
û顣
÷ԼֱŤɴչȥһ£ƤЦأ
𾭡
ڶ÷ƳûʲôӦԼҪȥһף·ȥ鷻򼸱
ǡ÷̹С棬˵÷ҪҲҪһ
Сѧỵ̂ѽѽغȥҪ
÷һ͹ˣС̫С÷嵣չ˲ܣǶԣ´δȥòã
Сץ÷·Ҫ÷ָŷƳ˵Ļ̫Ӿ˾ҪŶ
СƳ
Ƴһ׵ı飬С㵽ﻳȥˡ
÷Ŵŷ̳˹
̼˼ˣһֱкøС
μ֮ǰ÷̶ˣò̫ãϲ㲻Ҫ֡
̶µصͷǷʲôʱܺأ
÷̾˿Ҳ֪
ôõˣһܿġ
÷СԴԸɡ
˵լԺ˹Ȼǲˡ
÷׻֮ǰ̵ļμ棬أˣҼˣλ
̾ϲˣѽ
˴࣬Ѿܺÿˡ
Щһֱڿʳĸŷһʳףʳϳԣܱ֤壬
Źһ꣬ѾˣǸüĿСˡ
˿Լ̵ġ
ֹ÷ĺӣеˣͷ̥лȣͲҪˣȵڹ̥úϽβģľǡ
ӽµġ
Ҳܵģ˵Ժһһξ͹ˣվһΡֺͻߣÿóһһ룬ﲻ˵ġ
ģġ
÷ռףȻ罪Ԩ˵һ㣬̬ϻ࣬вҲеʮֿġ
ǰĲؼصúܿ죬ҲΪҽΣԼԭ
̬÷忴ϣ
÷ͷù緹֮󣬱׼عˡ
վſڣĿ˺Զ
ˣǽȥɡߵѾ߹ĵ
ٿܿӰء
Ѿֻգһֱ
Ȼɫһ䣬һץסѾߵָ֣ȥķ㿴ǲ׷ȥˣ
Ѿ۾ȥԼԼһȺź·˾ȥʱвˣǻˣ
ļ죡ие˶ȥæ
ǣѾ߸Ͻظˡ
̿ͳֵʱ÷Ҳŵˡ
·߹ˣû⣬û̿¡
ŻˣֱޣɩɩҺ¡
Ҫ£ᱣǣ÷ס̵Ķ䣬ɱ
ҺýճƳΪжలһЩסĵطԶܿ׸Ҳæ
׸еĻв֣ҲǷƳΪѡġ
ǵİæƴ໤÷ͷջоյضνѡ
÷屨ƽ̫̿Ѿȫˡ
лǣˡٺ÷壬Ÿоеʹɿŷ̶֣ȥϵᣬ̶ûˡ
ɩɩ㻹𣿡̿÷ɫãǵ
á÷岻ģǸȷʵʹУǲΪܵľţ̥Щ̫ƽ
Ҳҽݣ÷ȥԨһ¡
¸·û߶ã׷
׸ˡ
̫̫˲ˣ   

074

˲ˣ
÷ͷһ, סϳۻȥ
תͷ˵լԺǱ߸ȥ
÷Сʹڹ˲, լԺ, Ѿɢȥ, ׵ѾѾˡ
ô£Ϊʲôûף÷ǰȥ
Ѿ߹޵˼Σ, øе˶ȥ, ūȥ˹ȥæū澺˼ˣ֮Ҳˡ
Լ߶ģô̵ʱӦò̫ԶǱ°ߵġ÷һ뵽Ӿ͸ˡ
̿÷Ĳɩɩż, СĶĺӡôãһᱣġ
÷ѾȥְοĻ, ǲõĲ²⡣
йȥ, ýҲһס
ǡϽȥˡ
̶, ﲻȫ, ع÷Է˵
ʮֻ, ÷ļǵҲ˲չ˷, ֻع
֪ԼҲﲻʲôæһȥһ֣û˳ҡ
÷һͷá
߷̣÷ҲԳȥס
⸽дׯ, ҰԶĵطмСɽɽ߻һƬ÷˽ԲĵطұˣҲûҼס
ԼĪʱ󣬽Ҳˣ÷˹ġ
㣬Ѿȥ֪ͨˣȴ˹ţ÷˵ҵʲô𣿡
ûУҲҼʲô÷ɫ׵׵Լ߶ˣҪף
˵ǻ˴̿ͣ
ǵģΪȺ̿ͣײŻѸе˶æ
ǻ᲻ǵɽ÷ʵȺ̿Ϳɻлڣʳʲô𣿡
÷ҡҡͷϢЩͺϣδʳʲô
㣬ȱ룬δˣӦ˻ģ÷°ˣ˺ϸȹȻ˭û˺ȵҲҼĺۼԼܵ˾ţԼҸطˣõġ
ԪϢָ˹÷壺¶ҹˣҲҵˡ
÷ֻһѣЩˤ
÷ס㣬ȻطϢһ˵齻ҡ
Ԫ÷ɫǲʣ뵽Уʵ壬ǲﲻ
÷ˣԪ⣬Ҷۡ
Ԫ󾪣ϸҴ
һƥɱиȥ
ǵոƲǸ߹Լҽݵλá
ԪϹȥʱ򣬽ԨڸһλƲ
ҽշѲͣôѰͷȣֻЩԵҽβ˵ġεĲ˿
ڴƲ٢Ʋֻ֮ǮĺĴ
ģһЦ֮ģᡣ
յĲһԣҲΣԨ󣬱ȥǱһ¡
ҽȻһǰռλСԪ⡱Ĺ
ɫڸһ𣿡
Ԩվôˣ
Ԫץĸ첲ߣ·˵
ԨȥԼҲȥסŷֶԷ̫ߣ˸ʵʵ
Ԫֻö˵һͷҿǰ·ˡ
ԨôСﻷڻʱ˸ԪҲǻһλðɡ
̫ˡԪҪλãȴһȥ
𣿡ʡ
Ԫͷš
ݣ
·ϵˣԪڽԨһ·ȻƼһϤˡ
ͼλͬմ鷻ڽվ·߶һ£˳̧ͷһۡ
ϵĹе졭
Ԫаգôƫƫˣ᲻أ
ˣҲûպ͡
·ϣԪͬ˵ʧ١÷岻ʵ飬˿ϵʱ򣬷ֹҲˡ
ƳҲˡ
˶ϹؽӣҶȻˡ
̫Լ嵱ˡ
ƳһԨ÷һ£ҳżû̫ҽһ£һֱ˵ۡ
ԨԷƳӡһ䵭°̫ӣ˭ģȴΪ̫ţԭɽҲиġ
ûе飬ȥ̫̫ӵ²Ҫżֻ̫Ϊ̫󣬾˸е̥¿̥ҩ¾ͺˡ
û𣿡Ƴǵġ
ûµģ̫ḁ̃ҲܰȫԨ˵̫̬ҵںòҪ
䲻÷ܰأ
Ƴס÷֣㰲Ъţңһĸһ
÷忴ƳźɴľȣżۣҲҪ
û¡
Ԩһۣɴ΢΢Ѫļ󣺡£¿һ°ɣ
Ƴ÷ģȥһ䡣
÷һʱҵһ÷塣
һʱȻзƳ
£ͷһλһ¹ǡ
š
ҩ
ãɡ
ǵһ¡
÷ӷ϶俴Ƴڵϣ۵ɫɷףȴҧһԡ
Ȼ뵽֮ǰڽ޵ʱͬ꿱Թ̫ʯͷ
ԭʯͷĻᶯġ
ԭʯͷģġ 

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÷װûпƳǵһĻ, ȥ÷ڵǸ䣺㣬ˣи˵ˡ
ģ÷ϲ, ǿһûбЮ֣
˵ֻһ, ûˡ÷ҲΪе, Լ߶ˣĿǰѾ̫Σա
Ǵ񿴵ȥδ𣿡
ֻ˵ȥ, ѾѰˡ
÷סҲȥ
, ÷סļ򣬡ͱȥˣȱ̥ҪҴӽʱѾȥ֪ͨˣӦҲ쵽ˡһҵ˵ģǡ
÷ֻŽǺļҰȵڷš
Ԫ÷Ӧûд֮, Ҳȥ׼Ѱˡ
ߵԺУȻһסԪ, ̫ӵȥһˡ
Ԫһ, ԼĪµЩʲôŶ, á
ԪǸȥһ˷Ƴ, ʱֻһ, Ǹմˮ̳һ, ͷʪ͸ˡ
ĪʹӲ۳ĺ
̫ӵ£к£вµƳΪд̵顣
Ȼ, Ƴûкֱ˳̵̫飬ô
Ԫڵ֪µʱ򣬾Ѿ˭顣
뿪û죬÷飬ô
Ԫⲻֱ˵Ϊû֤ݣΪԼҲ⣬ڹ˽ҹΣģҲҪմһЩϵ
ȷʵ֪ᷢ飬һֱ˺÷壬Ҫ飬飬Ϊ˺÷һֱηηš
ԷƳԪҲֻװʲô֪̫ӵ£̫ƣܷѬգгûñ˹УκУҲһⷬд̣²ǳ̫ģʲôǣ
˼˵̫˱̫ӵǣ
ѵģ
ƳĬƬ̣Ȼʵ˭ģӦҲµˡ
Ԫûзϡ
ʮǰһ뿪ǣ̫һδɱʮڶαϳǣ̫һδɱƳ˵Ԫ⣬̫һֱãҲˣҪ֤Ǹд̵ˡ
Ԫ˵һΪʲôҪ֤
˽ΣƳɫӦͬ˵˲ٵ顣ǰ鵽֤ݣվ¶Уܵĳͷ
Ԫ󺧣ǰһֱΪֻ̫ڼû뵽ƳҲһֱжָơ
ɫͨ죬ܵҪϣ̫ӵ£ûС
ƳҴڻʹҲ˼ô
Ԫ⾪ˣĶӣܵǰȴֶסˡ
ȻƳѾ֪е飬Ҳ޼¡
ȻڷƳ˵Ҫæ¶УһҲѲ˸ϵ
ҲԶŹأһʱòϢҲȲƳҪһ򾡣Ҳѣָô죿
һ̣Ԫ뵽ȻƳ֪ĵϸҲҪץסİѱܱסԼ
ֻͷƳˣƳϻˣж裬ӽõʱ
ԪһҧתصƳǰ¼Ȼ֪ڻʹбͼҲ֪ҵͼʲôԲסˣ¡
δ䣬Ѿȥ·
˵̫ǳд̣Ǳ̿͵һ䴩ķΣһؿҲи̵İ̺ۣԶ޷Ĩȥ
ûС
ûУǱǡ
ƳʶҪʲôסǰѡ
ԪȴǸṦģҲС
ƳΧΰʺˤ˵ϡ
ȻˣԪֻսپ
Ƴȼж㣬վ·磬Ԫס½Ҳ
ƽ̹ϺЩ̺ۣǱӳģǹӴģɶֻǸƤǳǳļνµĴˣȴǸûеġ
Ȼ̫ӡ
Ԫ⻰䣬Ѿײ
죬æ̽
Լոպ갲̥ҩ÷壬ŷƳȼ
ڷŴ򿪵˲䣬˶һ񣬾ȵòҶ
ǿʲô
ֱǰһĻ̫ӵڵϣ½󿪣Ԫͬ˿ңɫͨ졭
Ԫ⣡÷ҲûסǰĴ̫ӵ£
壬ҽͣ
ҽͣ
ԪͷƳͬ뿪
Ԫ⾪ʧܵ÷ǰ壬ΪΪֲ˵Ϊ֤̫ӵʵݲȥ·һʱ벻ɡ
Ϊһֻ棬ҵ·Ƴѵվȥߵ÷ǰǿװ򶨣۵ȴһƬţǶ棬ԪڸҶ桭
÷忴һֿԪһۣãżһ˿ǿЦԭǶ棬檲ˡ£Ƕȥɣϸһ£Ǳҧ˾Ͳˡ
ƳǴ򷢳ȥԪҲûߣ÷庰סԪ⣬æɡ
ԪӵؿһۣҾͲ˰ɣ
÷ɫһԪ㲻ˣԹԵ
˶ȥֻ˵ʱ÷巽ǿдľű
£Ԫ⣬÷һд̡ʧٺͷһĻĴѾʮƣžô£
ûж棬ôж棬ǲΪǰƳԪһ̨ȥˡ
ƳԪһʱ˵
ǽŵ͸÷˵ĹϵǽˣȴҪǣ
ڷƳٵ⣬Ԫ⼸ȷǰ̫Ǽٵˡ
Ҹ÷壬Ҹ÷ԼһֱڰеķԼ֮ͬõ꣬Ҹ÷壬޵˸̫ӡ
ȻƳҲкܴĹǣ׽Լݸ÷塣
һĴȢǻŮĴԺݲƥ
鲻˵ȥ÷űˣܵƭ͸ȥȻҪһȻ
ԪͷƳиĹǣû˵
÷ãûеȵǵĽ͡
һʼ𾪣ɣ˵ļڲԣ÷ѾµЩʲô
ȻԸʵʵȻѾǰˣҲˡ
£Ԫ⣬øҵģ÷ƽȴ¶Щı鲻ԽҲʧٵ
Ԫţ壬ʲôˣҾٲãҲѵķģ
ƳҲˣˣԪֹϵ
÷лмϣǾô£ɷ̹׸߳檣
ƳֳĬ
÷һοԪ⣬Ԫ㿪ߣҲû˵
ϣһα÷Ҳˡ
ˣ÷ʧѣȻطϢˡ
Ƴ㣡
Ԫ⣺㣡
÷壺ء


076

÷ѭŽеһ, ҵˡ
һԺĲݶʱȥЩľ񣬾ȵطһ, Ժķӡ
úǼԺ顣
÷޵һռ, ҲҿǼһ, ϳæҵ÷Ϣ
÷÷ȥԺ, 뽫˴
ƺܵĪľ, ʶ˲壬ʶˣ˵ʲôҲϸǻȥ
÷Ȱ˵ˣ÷Ͻȥ÷塣
»ֻֻ÷ܽ˴ˡ
صլԺ÷壬ȴǷ۾Щ, ѹӡ
ƳԱߣ֮Щ֡
Ϊǽǹ, ûԴ, ͬϲ, ҵˣ
÷תϲ׻ˣ
⵹û, ÷͵, ˾ŵԭ, ʶҺ͸ˣͬǻȥ
÷˵ھ͹ȥ 
ƳҲվһȥ
, ÷ϻˣðľһȥͿԣͷˡ
÷ý̫ӵµ̬ƺ˺ܶ࣬Ҳûʱ룬÷ȥ
·ϣ÷һЩ˵飬֪ûд֮󣬲һû˵Ļ
÷뵽Ž̫ӵµ̬ȣʵ㣬̫ӵֱŤ𣿡
÷Ŀ⣺ûС
÷ǸʮִˣҲڲ˵Ȼ÷˵ûСⷴ¡
㣬ʲôͬ˵ĵܵܣ׽ˣ㲻Ҫʲôǡ
÷忴ԼСĵܵܣԴǳ֮һӳࡣ
ݵȥıһĴˡ
÷ʱȷʵѹˣҵĸ׵ĺϢҲֻݵظһ˱ߵС
Լܵ˱ѺƭԪıѣͷƳԸƭ
ƫƫǼϵͬʱȴ˭ܸһĽ͡
ڽ죬֮÷ĸףΪεһҪԶ븸׺Ѧȥޡ
һδϲ˵Ů˵ԼķŮһʱҲ޷ܵġ
ǳڶԻϵά÷ûѡִǴԲ
޷˵𣬻ع֮Ը߻ʺ
÷þòԽ㣬׷ʲôˣ˵Ҫһ˱ţ취
÷ץס䣬ڻûס˵˳ҽ磬̫ӵºԪһ𡭡
ʲô÷һ̫ӵºԪ⣿
÷˵ͷ
÷סжʵ㣬᲻ǿˣˣ
ûпҲ֪ûǣǶϺúõĽ͡÷彫鶼˵÷
÷գŭ𣺡̫ˣôô
⣬Ӧҵģҡ÷ҲŲһЩʵɣƳ̫ӣôһֻһء˵ݵĻʵ˵ڡ
Ƴķ֮飬붫һһʼġ
ƳҲܸоĵǽҲ֪ƳԭҲĶ⡣
÷ĲѵĽ㣬Ȼ嵽̫ǰһٸȴܽ⣬ֻȰý̫ӽ˵
㣬Ȼ̫ӵºԪⶼˣ顣÷ҳµ֮Ҿ̫ӵ²ǻ᷸ͿˣԪ飬Ҳѡڽ㱻ɱʧϻˣƼΪǵʱ۵öˣоԪȵ
Ϊǣ÷廹֪飬ֻ֪ԨҪһϵˡ
ţ÷ҩӲΪ̫ӵǵģ͵ġ÷뵽Ƴʹӣʵ޷ʱѵ㣬ǽ˻֮һʱ̫ӵºԪ⣬չ˵ڹס죬һ鵽׸ô
÷ͷӦȷʵҪʱ侲ú˼顣
ϵԺ÷÷С
Ժ÷һֱţΪ½ʦԺھÿֻѧѰųΪѧ˵ֻҪ½̹ˣڿƿȡòΡ
λ½ôԼȡأ
˸־е˶Ϊ˿ȡе˶ΪԼľ硭
λ½ͦ˾ġ
˵䣬߽Ժ׵Ѿȥ˺Ժ
÷ڽȥ֮ǰѾҲϲԼ׼ɸһ߽ȥû뵽ױϳԼ
׵ƺž֮ɫץס֣ǿߣðĸס
÷忴׵ϻ֮ɫ
ס׵֣ðġ
ôҲ˵ѣ˲ؿﲻ͸߹㣬㻹Ķʱ㸸׾սˡҲʶ
÷εؿ˸һۡ
״˷ܵ˾ţֱӽ״ӼȫĨȥ
»Ƚ״ȥҪȥ֮͡
÷׵Ůȴȥòã
˵˵ͷ
÷û½ͺл
½÷ǰл⣺л½ҵףлӼʱ֪ͨǡǣҪļˡôæδ׼лţл
̫ˣ½ǫ͵ֻǾ֮ͣܰæҲҡлǧ򲻱أֻҪ˰ˡ
ǶǾ֮ͣ÷˵ȴĪĶ顣÷Ѿ˷ִ磬ҲûΪл֮¼м½ӣǾȻȥˡ
½ͺ͡
÷˻صլԺּǿһǷƳŵġ
Ԫڵ֪ҵ˵ʱѾˣҲǶ֪
÷ʱûмƽ£չ˯£׵ķʱѾҹˡ
Ƴûߣźһع
÷ͬ˵Ȼȥɣ״˷˴󾪣˳˭ϲã檵չ׼졣
ƳһعҲֻǾҲһ
÷ƳߣԼʵ侲һֱӵ£Լ죬ͷ»ع
Ƴ÷ԼĮԼܣ޲ھͽе͸
ЩͬСɣһʱҲö⡣
㲻Ҫ˼룬һع㡣
÷ܾµȼҪǳճ檻Լȥġ
ƳѾ˾̬ȼһȥʾʺĸ֮һ

077

緹, ÷׼л񣬴ȥ½Ժ
Ϣһҹ, ҲһЩ
÷Σ, ҲŹȥ, һȻԺһƬհף֮ججû˷, , Ѱ˸ݶѶ˽ȥ
ʱԼҲ֪ԼҪʲôͬʧһ㡣
˺ˣûд󰭡
÷ǰȥл˼ң˳ڸмҲһȥˡ
Ժ½ýѧ, ˽Ӵǡ
÷˲½ͺϿΣлͻȥˡ
صլԺ, ŷ๬, ⹫վſ, š
÷һ⹫, һĪǻʺˣ
Ƴ˵Ҫһ, ǽʺˡ
˿Ȼİ, ػɭϡ
Ī˹ˣ÷塣
ԼĪǻʺˡ÷ǰĸ˵ãĸҲи׼
ʺô˲֪ƳԪ顣
Ӧİɡ÷岻Ǽ飬ൣġ
ǽȥ, Ȼʺǰ
ĸ󣬡÷æǰ񡣲ܷƳΣʺһֱĵģΪƳǣʺ󣬡ĸǹ׵𣿡
÷΢΢ʾһ»ʺ
ʺȻǰ̫˵˵飬ʵˣձ˵ʲôҲùһ
˲Ҹˣûʺһˣʵ
׼ǧҪ˵¶ֲƽֻҪû¾ͺáʺ˵һᵽ˷Ƴ̫ӽձִҪģһҹĸգ籾ʱ촽ǰ׵ġ
̫ӵϱˣջΪҵ౼һ̫ӵˣ۵ض÷˵ûʲôˣһʺعȥչ̫Ӱɡ
÷ûӦ
ڲع̫ӡ
˼÷ƺӦƵģиеЩֻ֣һ
÷뵽ƳԪ飬ʮѹ
˵һȥһˣһˡȻطϢЩ뵥ĸ˵
˲죬ʲô飺Ȼطȥ
÷彫⣬ˣߡ
뿪÷Żصʺߣ͵͵ػĸ󡱡
ʺ£ĵúӣĸ֪ίˡ
ĸ󣬵ô£ʼղܷܽƳԪⱳ飬÷ΪƳһ·ɾʵΣȴôҲ²͸
ĪҪѹ֪̫Ӷ⣬ǾԲԲġ
ΪΡǻ
ʺ̾˿̧ʾ̺Ĺ˶ȥɫҲ˵飬ǧҪܡ
ĸ󡭡÷һοʺı飬ԼеҪ˵һǳ顣
̫ӿĹȥʺʵ
һЩ÷̫˵Сʱ䣬˲ٵĿ࣬ȼҲǸʱġ
㻹֪٣
÷ƴŷƳϢгϦ֮ҹϷ飬檼¶ʹǶʱ䣬³Թ࡭
µǶԵģʺ£ۿ㷢죬̫Сʱ˺ܶĿ࣬ԶеҪĶ࡭
̫ôģ÷ʡ
ʺþóĬòŵģǱġ
÷循סô᣿
֪֪иɣǲ˫ӳ֣˫Ļӣ
֪̫ӵͬ˵÷Ѿµʲôɵһ𣬡Īǡ
ʺ˵ͷûڵ̫ӣǵ˫еһ
÷һʱ
˫еĵܵܣʺ˵󣬱Ȳøأ޵Ҳ㱻ȥ
ȥ÷ʲô˼
ع棬Ҫϵġ
÷㵡
ʲôأʺҺͱʵڲ̣㰵аŹ˽ͳȥ
÷ʱѾȫյ飬ȫУǵǺʱعģ
ʮˣĸ磬Ҳ̫ӣһɱʺἰ£飬һҽ˺üգûܾȻ
ĸ󡭡÷ܹоʺʱһʱգͻ
̫ȥ󣬱һʱ벻ѡ˼һҲڵ̫ӵ¡ʺƽһЩż˵ͱ֮󣬱㽫⺢˻磬ϡ
һ÷岻Ҳ£ԭ̫Ӹֻǳǳһ㣬ԭоһ˵õᡣ
̫Ϊһֱϲ̫󣬱Ϊʺ󲹳˫ӣͱҲ͵͵ڹ̫µִֻּܲһŲò
÷뵽ƳһֱΪ̫̬ȶ㲻Уʮ䵭̫̫ʱ򣬷ƳķӦǼҡ
ǰֻ̫Ӳ̫ԭǣ̫Ŷ̫ĪԹŻ
Ӧú֣Ϊʲô˵ʺἰ飬ʵйϵ
÷ֻ뵽ǳд̣ǺĴɱйأ
йϵʺ˵̫ԪǼҲйϵ
÷һ㶣ǵô£
Ԫ⡭ʺԥһ£˵˳ûô

ڻʹߣĿǵ̫ӵʵݡʺ˵̫ӸȷʵϲĴһԭҲΪ˾ͽ˽ҲΡ
÷ʮ⣺ûʲôڵµ飿
ֻ㲻֪ˣʺҲϲŴӷƳе֪Щ飬ûù㣬һ㵹Щߡ
÷벻ףԪĿģ̫ΪʲôŻ
ʺ͵̫ӵΪ̫ӻд̵ŵģ֤׽Ԫȴ̫ƣ֮ʣ̫̽ӵʵݡ
ô飿
̫еһؿڸм˵˰̣ڵ̫ûС
÷Щţô˵ԪѾ֪̫ӵµʵˣ
֪ˡ
ҪǺã
ѾȥȿŰɡ
ѹԪ⼱ǰҲϰ˵ԭⱳôܡ
ܼ𣿡÷֪Ԫ⾿ôģǲҪΥ֮ꡣ
ʺȴӦȥ̫ӡ
÷ʺǻ˵ģ̫ӷһҹĸա
ôˣ𣿡
鶼Ѿˣ㲻Իعȥɣ
÷뵽Լ̫ӵ䵭ԼûЩصľ޴ίԾԼòãĸҺܲõһ˳ô࣬ڼ
***

ԷһֱصСĿ
ƳŶͷŸմͷʹ˵ܺã̫ʱôޣ̫ܲܰ޻عͿˡ

078

Ƴ÷֮, ȥһʺ¡
Ҷʺһֱ÷İΣδޣƳԪⷢ鶼˻ʺ
ʺȹԪȥ, Ͼ֪˻ҵһ, ʺͱȥԪǱ, ôģ
Ѿɰ
ǾͺáʺһҲܷ, ͷѰɽѺ
ǡ
̫ǱߡʺҲѵľ, ǸܲܽܵˣǲȥȻʹ࣬Ҳʹ࣬ǵĸҲ͡
ʺ̾˿ίʵʧȥôõĶϱ
ƳһҲ޷÷ĸо, ôȻԼĮＸҪ, ȴΪ˼Ÿʺĸ, ޷˵ڡ
ĸҲԥ, Ҫ, ĸͬ⣺ĸ, ܽܡ
, ʺæסˣš
ĸ󡭡Ƴ, ǰһ¶ı
ʺʱۼˡ
ˣҿĺӣʺ˼ãڻǲ˾̫ͬɣҲ̫Ʒԣ㣬Ҳұܵġ㸸Ǳߣȥ˵ġ
лĸ󣡡Ƴȡĸͬ⣬޲ھȥ÷壬һ඼
վȴȻоתһˤصϡ
ʺסŷϢ̣ҲвĺΡ̧ȥ̽Ķͷ㷢ˣ
Ƴǿû¡
ôû£ϻˣַ˸ȣɲˡʺ˽ͻضȥ̫ҽڶţúϢձȥ̫ͬ˵
Ƴֵĸ󣬶Լȥ
ʺ÷񣺡㰲Ъš
ɷƳܰģһĸһֱûȥ˶յԺƫһֱ϶ֵ޷˯
֪ʱ̫ҽӴһЩҩŻ˯һ
СƺҲˣûٳ
һ˯󣬻ʺѾ÷ˡ
̫أĸ
żʺϹЦ⣬ĳǣؽռ÷壬Ǻõģȥ̫ˣͬ鶼ˣ̫ԭ㣬ԼûЩ˽Щ飬һ˳ôá
Ƴ˵нǸҵʱࣺ𣿡
ûУһ˵ƳҪżʺ㼱æ͵̫֪֮һ㣬ڼ㣬ף˵Ĳ黹ûȶչ졣㲻Ҫżܿͻġ
Ƴȴţ÷ҽڲϻǲԭԼ
ʺߺ󣬷Ƴʼ˼÷
ǡʱСҲ˯ˣֿ
Ƴ⹬УܰСõģֻ÷һˡ
СƳԸ
ȥһ㱧ſ޵ײϵСˡ
СƳ޵ø
Ƴ⣺ܺã̫ʱôޣ̫ܲܰ޻عͿˡ
Ƴ漴ﱧСԼһˡ
÷ǱߣԨ˺ֱ˵ƽȣ鰲ͣѾûдˣ̫е̥Ҳȵ
գ÷˵Ҳûʲôˣ㻹ջعչ̫ӵ°ɡ
÷廹ǲףżģա
ȴһۿ͸˼ôż￴Ķɵ̫ȥˡ
÷΢΢
ӻʺƳϢ÷бһֱۡ
ҲȥƳַĲ£ֻȰ˵Լʹô̫ҽ͹ˣ̫ӱضõȫչˣ߶යҲᵢʲôġ
˵ϷƳһعʱչΪɾܾ񼱰Ͱ͵ĻȥǱǹܾģ
÷Ȱ˵ԼӲԼ
̫ӵ¹ˣſڵĻɱͨ
÷循ȵվлδ̫࣬ӾѾȥ
˺ͽԨ͵Цһ£Ҳ÷˳ȥ
÷弱ߵſڣƳ̧
ȫҶӣ԰׵ɫ͸̵ĺ㲼ˡ
漴һﱧС
СѾˣһ÷壬СһСһţ˵һ߿һҪ÷屧
÷Ͻȥﻳб˹
С§Ĳӣſһһµ
㣬һƳ÷˵޵òϺˡ
÷СԲСӣаЦһ£ûнҴƳ
ʱ˹һСһȰ˵÷壺⺢ӣ޵̫ۡӵ»ȥɣнô໤µġ
÷屧Сһ۷ƳҲûټ֣Ȼȥ
㲻סף⼸ҲһЩ
ڴӦãá
÷ͬ׺ͽͷƳһ
УСˣɵ÷廳ͷ
Ƴıֺ⣬ֹȥСԴȻ̧ۿ÷һۡ
÷Ҳڿе
£Բ𣬳ˡ÷ûǸ
ƳѵҲϴҲӦЩ֪µġ
һޱȼ尾ֻһϣȴ˺ܳʱ䣬Ȼһʧõĸо
÷뻳УԷ⣬̲סͷҪǡ
һֻСֺȻס͡
һƣСԲԲ۾                        
лҪ˵СҪҾĸɶ㿴Ҹճҧ˿ۿ

079

÷ع֮, Ƴܰˡ
պܿȥһʱòˣ֮һֱ, , ־ʹ
÷С֮, ﱧȥҷ棬ȥҷƳһԪ顣
ĸ˵, 㵥Ԫ, վָ֤÷ߣ˿ڸʹóȥȰȰԪɣ檵Ļ, 
Ƴ˼һӦˣǵøص֮ǰ׽, ʱ, Ȱö, Ȼò
÷ûȥԪ, ֹ, и, ˵
Ƴµ˼Ԫ飿
÷ԾҪЩ֣룬ԪĻڸģܸܲһ᣿
ƳԪ빬Ϊ˽, ֪һֱվҲûֵ̫顣ȻԼҲǻ֮һľ
ʧ١÷ۣԪæǰæģ÷ȷʵĵġ
һϣƳ˼÷ĸܣҲԪ̫
ֻҪ˵ȥľͽƳ÷˵
÷Ƴͬˣ˵л¡
ҪȥԪ⣬ֱƳһסȻۣߣ
ǵ˵ʱȣЩȰԪվָ֤ҲЩʱ׽
ƳȻҪԼȣǰЩ룬Ȼۡ
ʲô룿÷仰㱻Ƴ뻳С
ʱֻǳǳϸ꣬ĶͷüңǼⴽǣմ֮Ǳһ㣬ϴӨ𡭡
ãⳡβ
ˣ㹻̫ӻζһʱˡƳһ
÷һۣȤþ£ĹЩá
Ƴ֪⻰ʲô˼̫Ȼͬ|ϷԼȻҲʾȶˣô
÷ʰ·磺Ҳ̥ء
˶˼죬÷ųȥԼȥԪˡ
ԪҲʺ˴ִعˣھ͹һƧĹԷУɼš
÷ţ÷Ժһ˽ȥԪ⡣
ԪſϵŤͷ÷߽һ£һᣬ
壬Բ𡭡֪÷عζʲô
ζ÷Ѿ֪һУ֪̫ӵݣ֪Լıѡ
÷忴ǻҳˮûУԪӻ˵ĵվǰվޡ
Ԫ⣬Ѿ֪Ǽȥĸ̫ӵ¶Ѿͬҽ͹ˡ÷忴ޣԼҲܣԪ⣬㲻Ϳµġ
壬֪˶Բ飬ûҪ˺㡣ԪŽ͵ʵҲһֱԥ֪ô죿Ҳ鵽Щ飬ûиҲûиֻǱŵˣֻ׽ס̫ӵİѱסԼ
÷ε뱣סԼұˣαȥ̫ӣô׽ס֪˻ôܣһɵ㻹ǻὫڣ
Ԫһڲ֪ˣصֺҾ֪ҷ˴һʼҾͲڻʹġ
÷Ȱ˵֪ˣȥǰ֪Ĺ飬˵òã
ҡԪⲻңĸ֮˵Ƕǲ
÷ûѭѭյǰĿʲô
ԪʵΪ˵̫ӵµݡ
ĽΣ
̫ӵԪ˸⣬ɻؿ壬̫Ǽٵģѵ͵ģ
÷ʱûлش⣬Ǽʵηֱ̫Ǽٵģ
̫ؿϻкļµİ̺ۣڵ̫ӣûС
ƾһ㣬ǲܾʹ˶̫ӵݵģ÷˵ֻ˿Զ̫ӵݣ£ͻʺ
ţԪֲ仰˼
ºͻʺ˵̫ӵģġ
̫ģºͻʺƭˣ
Ҫ̫ӵµݣرõⷬ˵˵㡣ıºͻʺ˴̫ӣѪͳʵģ̫ӵȷΪʺѪͳ
ԪЩ£壬ˡ
÷᣺ֻҪ֪̫ӵȷʵ̫ӵ£Ժմ˻شǡ
Ԫ壬̫̫˵ǣҾţԺҲỳˡ
÷ûκԥǡ
һĻΪ̫ӣǻҵѡ»صУǻҶĲ
̫ӣǷĴԺһõľ
Ԫգƽ
壬ֽʣҰ֪Ķдʸ¡
÷ס֣Ԫ£ھҵһᱣ㡣
Ԫˮһӿ˳ţ
Ԫдգ÷壬÷ְһʱɨһ£ԺסöҪΪԪ⡣
Ӧ¡
÷ԪдµĶȥˡ
¿󣬵ּ׽ûؾ
ǱߣʵʱܽΣ˼֮ģպ
Ԫ⣬ʵۿ÷˵ķϣûнУǽѺڹС
ҹԪԼ빬֮һֱûجج֮÷Լ飬߶˼߶ûȫ
Լܵ㴦ãҲʵӦõġ
ⱲӻûлƧĹԷ
Իڹţȴߵ̫
Ԫһţ̫ĪҲģ
Ŵ򿪣ֵ̫Ĳ£˽
ԪæⷿΨһһŵӲֲŰȥ̫Լ̫ǰ̧ͷ
̫£ⷿɨһ顣
÷ߺ󲻾ãǱ㽫䳹״ɨһһˮƻ
Ԫ˺һ̫˵ɡ
л̫󡣡ԪһͷСվ
㰡̫̾˿ЩɸֵΣ֮ǰѾôˣû뵽㻹ûסִ¡
Ԫͷѣ̫ԪˣԪϷ
ȻǸ÷ġ̫Ҳǽ֪ԪײƳ顣
̫һֱ֪ԪĿڹģǳ̫Ӻ̫ȥġ
ʺ˵̫֮Ԫ̫ҲвΪ̫ΪԪĿΪ˴ɱƳ
֪ʵʺ֪࣬
˵̫㣬ҪǵĶ飬Ҫʲô߰ͷˡ̫һǹĴҲ볹״Щõͷ
ԪĵԪףԪ淴˼Ҳ˺̫Ӻ̫˼
Ǿͺã̫΢ӣԼĵЩʱ⣬Щ꣬⼸꣬ǶˡܻţѾǺܴĶˡ
Ԫɬѣֹ̫ͨԺԪⲻ̷ߣһҪ壬Ԫÿ棬÷汣̩
⺢ӡ̫ۿ΢΢ȣγĺӻȥ̷ԼءɫˣȥˡԼҲҪ뿪һЩô˻Ҫ
ǻһ֪ͣҪ̫꣬Ҳ벻
̫󣬡Ԫ۾޵ͨ죬ԪúüסĽ̵ġ
ַ̫վ̫ȥԪȻ뵽ʲô
̫󡭡Ԫ⻽һ
̫ת
ԪսԼ̫Ԫ⻹̹һ顣
ʲô£
ʵֵʦʦ빬ΪģԪ⣬Ԫ̫Ԫ빬Ϊġ

080

ʵ̫, Ԫ빬ΪġԪ˵⻰̫תһĲ, ʦԪ, Ԫ̰Ի˶, ʦͬĸ޵̫Ԫ빬Ϊ
»˵, ޹ʹ, Ԫ֪̫󵱳Ϊ£Ŷ˺øС
̫֪Ǹĺ̫Ҳ÷䵭̬ȡ
̫ͷãû˵ʲôֲ, ߳ƻ谵ĹԷ
֮ǰԪڷ, һԡ
̫ûг˽, ֲӸȥ
Խ, ԽǶµ
ְ, ˵ҵ̫, ǲ̫ˣ̫ûס, ʱŸռ빬Уһθ밲, һЩ֪̫ӵĴȴһβɫ˵Ƕί
ֿο̫Ҳ̫ҲΪ̫òǣ˵һЩҲڳ֮С
ҲйǴѹ˼̫뵱÷̬Ȳã÷ҲûиΪԼһֱĬĬţ⺢ؿ㣬ŲƽЩ顣ôõĺӣҵôϲ塭
˳̫Ļǰ̫̫ȣСڣѵϵġ
ҹ÷Сһ˯š
ΪûлСϸУ˺þò˯š
Сʱ򣬷ƳԱ߿ţСþò˯ԼĪҲΪڵԭ
ʱʱؿһۣ÷һ
С§÷Ĳ˯ˣƳŽС첲÷岱ϰȻԸԼ̫§ԼС
ÿϻҪСƨ㣬治ʹ졣ƳԹ
Ͳˣ÷ЦŵӦӦȵ檵ĺԺСأ
ԼĺǲԴƨɡƳƳһ۷ཱུС˵ĺӣ򲻵õģҲûбİ취
÷⽫һ壺ôԺҪӣ
Ƴļоǳ磺㣬ңô򡭡
ڶ÷ҪףƳʮֵĻٷд̵顣
ĸӽչ˰ɣ
ײӦģĲҲã÷Ȱģٷˣ²Ѿȥ׽𣿡
Ƴǲģһȥ
þ÷Ƥһգ¹ԣڹԹԵȳ檻
Ƴһ׽סС֣Ӵ˺ǣ
÷ûһ£¹𣿡
ƳƤһ죺ȥء
÷ȥף÷
ף÷ô
ҹĸף÷Ҳֻǻʺ̫ӵģóְˣĸ׺Щû
׺öˡ
Ǿͺá÷ţֹ÷֪ȥ
ףҽȥʾһף׿ϼ㣬ײϣҲҪ̫ʱ䣬Ͼ๫Ҫæ
á
÷ȥݣһӵس
ȥ½л
ߺʱ½ԽЩ˻ֽԼеø÷壬½Ҽ飬˵ǳԣǶҵĲ桭
½Ǹˣл񻹻㻹ˣлٴл÷ߵǰף׹ˣ
һ㶣⺢Ϲ˵ʲô㸸ײսĪײˣ
ף÷Ҳû뵽׻ķӦ
Ѿе飬ôûס
ףУѾ𣿡÷̽
˵ɫҲÿףǲʲôණˣ˵ţ÷ȥȥʲôס㣿
Ƕȥſڣ÷
÷˳ϴϲҪ߽һЩ
վסǳһ漴÷廤󣬡Ǻˣ
÷Ųһ٣ˣҡ
Ҫ˵˭ˣһ񣬸ϽϽ˸ߣ
÷ֻýؼС
ףУѾ𣿡÷ٴȷһ顣
ﲻͬ˵㻹׶ʱ㸸׾սˡ˵һ棬˵ѣ˵㸸м񣬿ĪҪ˺ȥΪ̫ռķءپ㣬ͽ͵ȥ
ף÷忴һʱ֪ø˻Ǹѹǰһˡ
еĸףһֱǸѻӣصļѹô
ĸʵʵ״ļ޳ȥûôˣΪ˱Լ׵ӣ÷ãĸеػϣǸƵԺУǸԴĸˡ
׻ÿһЩô˸סҲá

081

ʵּ׷Ժ, С
Ԫָ֤Լδɱ÷׽סĴ̿͵ıƹʵ
ȥ˷, ȥ
ת۵, СѾ, Ǳ߻ûжӺͳԱҪѶ
СѾӦǰ֡
÷Ѭ, ܺӵƢ, ϲˡ
Ƚ죬֯һ̤࣬صѡΧǱߣɽˮ羰ǲ
һҵ÷壺̫ɩɩ, ÷Ĳ𣿡
һֱ÷Ĳ÷úůģĲöˡ
ǽ÷һȥŷݰɡ
÷ͷð
ڽԨҽ, ÷ƽɹ, ů͵ý˺, , ȷʵʺ϶˶˶
÷ĶӿʼԻ, ǰһЩ, һһЩźɫȹůůɫĵ˶ᡣ
ƳƵĵ⡣
Բ̺Сȥŷ, ֻŷƳĴߣȻȥ׼Եġ
÷ӻָúͷ֮ǰˣѦ˿ڣԿ⣬÷ʱϿ¯ӣŷǰ׼ˡ
ʱ÷ںͷһŷݡ
һֱڱݣǳߵͣѾֵˣٹ꣬ǸϸĴˡ
ʱ·ϣ׵լԺջʺﻹἰ÷Ҳһ档
÷ȥףû뵽׾ͬˡ
Դ׽׳֮Ĳʹ˴סһ㣬ûټȥ˵Ҳˣԭȿࡣ
÷ȥҹףͬ˵£ȰοףõĽ֣ĸײܻţӶúܺá
겻ѣ÷Ȱ˵£Ҳֻܲȥĸס
÷˵ʱ򣬻к
ȴЩãȻؿʵ֣λСǣ
÷һʱ֪ôԼǷƳΧĸҵİ
Ŷ˲ĿͣСӿͲȴ̫ӰԺǰ;Ȼɹ
л˿佱÷εؿ÷һۡ
÷ЦЦк͵͵ιһڿ⣬ȥӱߣ̼ŷˡ
ŵ㣬׷Χ£ԳһڣΪ̾
÷û뵽ôϲʳĲȥҲơǱºͻʺһͷ˭ķݷɵߣ˭ܳԵĿ⡣
̫̿ɩɩι÷һڣ磬ǲǺϲɩɩĿ⣿Ұѷݷŵø߸ߵģԸ
÷Цеðǰѷݷŵĸ߸ߵģһԸ
˶î˾ԼķݷŸߣ̲ʽķݡ
˵ķҪôǺҪôӥֻз̵ķݸⲻͬ
˰Լ뷨ģһѩ˵ģ
Ӻ͹ķʱЦķԲĻɲߣ̲Ųǡ
ֻ÷÷֪ݲС⡣
÷İæ̵ķԽԽߡ
ֻϵķݸˣһʱûע£ȵһͻأСʯͷѽһˤ˵ϡ
÷ȥһɣڵϣ˼ˡ
̿ż磬ݷˣ
÷̷̧ͷԽԽԶķݣҪȴѾץˡ
ǸԲѩˣһɽС
磬ݷˣԲˡһʧ䡣
̫յ÷Щģͷ̵Դû£ԲҲûϵ
黹Ǻܵ䣬ܲĵӣ͸Լ
÷״ǣ֣ߣʲôģȥӱߵ㣬ǳԿ㡭
źһЩз𣿡
ʯͷС
СϺ𣿡
ӦҲС
зϺ˭
зɡ
Ϊʲô
ΪӲģӲºġ
ºһЩˮʫʺԼļҳں߷ŷݣŷݵľˮϷ
ˮǳף÷ͷʯͷ׽˸ʲôŵ÷۽У÷ŶӹֱЦ
÷忴ó񣬲СĿ⣬˴˷Ƴ
Ƴ
÷ӯӯӿ£ó𣿡
Ƴ׽ס֣ͷƵҧһڣóԡ
ԶСˣСƵĳס÷壺ҧ
÷Сͣ˾ûҧ˾Ǹء
Сһ桱֣÷֣͡桭
÷忴ſһ⣺ȾĸһĸЩ桭

ŶҪæѽ
š
ŶΣա
С÷ȷҪæ
Ƴһͷ⡣
ҪæȰͷˡ
С                    

082

ƳСһͷ, ÷һۣǵģǵöأ
ǲҪҧ÷Ͻ, ſ, ԼСȥӱϴ֡
ȥϴ, ˾ˣ˾̫ˡ
Сѧһ䣺˾˻
÷˳Сȥҷ̺÷
ʲô÷ʯͷ
̴ɩɩ, зСϺ
÷ɻ󣺡, зϺ𣿡
÷Ц֪أҿأ
СҲѧȥʯͷзз
÷ˮǳСһȥŻ򣬿ӦþͿ쿾ˡ
С÷Ҫ, ȡ
÷û⣬һ, Ҫˤ
㣡Աߵ÷һ, Ͻ, , ˤ˿ӿݵĺ̲ϡ
÷ˤϡ
һ˲, 㿴һӰ, һȷɱ
û°ɣƳ÷
÷ֻһЩţû¡ȥ÷һ÷
÷·ʪ˴룬÷嵣ȥ, ȥҸ·㣬ǧ
飬Ҳ󲡡
÷Ǳȥ磬ҵĸ׼硭
÷µܵߣȻһ⣺£㷽ôģ
Ƴ֪ؿһԼȣۡ
÷彫Ƴȥһһ۵رԹôܲԼأͿҪȬˣˡ
ƳĶӣûˤźӰɣ
÷ḧһСûС
Һý̫ҽУֱƳ÷忴֮󣬱ʾ޴󰭡
̫ӵȻָúܺãʮµģָܻ糣ˡ
ЩӷƳ÷ļල£һֱԹԾͷȷʵָòԤûҪá
ٹ£ҵȫˣʹСȥ漸졭Ƴ˵
ðʱ檵̥ҲˣͲˡ
Ƴ÷峩Ҫúһû뵽ºŹش˵ǼӷɱԮ
Źذżһֱפء
ԴԺ󣬱¶ģһֱڰ
פصŹһƬĵˮ磬ʷḻΪ꽻ã߾δйִ˵Ƿõһء
ȴ˵¾ò̫Ծ
Ҳ˵ңλִλҲûнҼг𰹫ôԼʿŷı߾أ
£Ƴֻʱ˴÷СȥļƻתͻʵҪô
ļУҪ³Ԯ
ɱһҪǴѱ飬ƭȡǺǲ롣
ǲɱԮһģ˷Ľ磬տ»Թ
ʵ۾˿ӱȥ߾̽ʵ
|գ˻Źȷʵ˼ţߵľѾη棬ʱûֵʲôˡ
ʱȴһ͵͵ҵƳ鶼һֲ߻ġ
ǵؼʱ򣬷Ƴ˼İΣһְ
˵ڶͿҪûܶӣѾˡڴӵìͷ˼棬ּɵ뼾𰹫ķʱ̸Ʒˡ
ɱЩνġʿʵȫǱ߾޹ļա
ʿʱɧ|żյĴׯ޿̲ŷ˲νġ
ɰ˵ǷƳˣȥһ⣬˵ĻƳҲȫš
ʱһѵľء
Ҫƴ֣һʮεˣǰȥ߾˵ǼһУڸҪ׽ûؾ
˼¾÷ǰȥ߾
÷зḻս飬ǻεĽ
ƳӧҲҪ÷һȥ
Ա˵ŹأµĽʿȻĹֻ÷һ˵ĻѹסơԸ÷һ𣬽°ƽ
˵еֻδйо̵ľ飬ʵȻ֪Լ̫ӵǶõѹƣ̫ڻУȻϣڹ÷񡣡
ʣ¶еһΣܾƽϢҪӡ
ʵۿһξȻ䵭ƧȴҲǸŬһе̫ӡ
޿ͬȥֻ̫Ǳߡ
˵ġ
ðɡ
ƳԼľ÷壬÷Ĭá
ڷƳΪԸʱڵĻش𣺡£֧㡣
ƳѾ׼õ˵ǵߣȴûл˵
ǰΪھµ̫࣬ȷʵҪһΪŤתնۡ˴սǼ٣ǵֵĻᣬԳ֧
Ķ÷Ƴۣлл⡣
ֻǵ£÷Ȼ֧ڸϣվǲأһҪƽ檺ͺӶ㡭
Ϊ㣬Ҳúõػ
÷᣺š
˴һգ÷ȥſ͸׺ͷƳ
Ƴֱ÷Ȼˡ
ôˣƳ
£檺¡÷˶΢΢
Ƴļ򰲸Ĳ£һᾡںӳ֮ǰ
¡÷彫ͷĻУһҹ˳ƽң㰲Ȼƽ
Ƴۿ΢ȣͷһǣҲҪչ˺Լ
ڼƳ÷󣬱÷һˡ
÷վڳ¥ϣŽнԶĴƳӰԽԽģûڻɵʡ
Сʼ޷ƽ
׽Ҳˣֻ÷ģο÷ġ
Ƴʵ֪÷ںʲô
ֻײ顣
ΪҲһ㣬Ÿе̥ͱԼо̵ɷ
ʱ龰ơ
£̫ӵ²㸸׵ǰģһ

083

Ƴߺ, ÿʮձһͻϻﲻ̥࣬, ܿͻ
ת۹ȥ, Ƴûл, ѾСɴȹԺ, ÷ӱ׾, ϲԺСϹ֡
µ𣿡
û
÷ҡҡӣЩѾʮղƳŻˣǲǷʲô飿
Ǳ߷սҲ˼죬÷ȥһ˽, ѦûдŻ
Ѧ㸸ǰµ׶ͻ, »δµ, δš
ϴθ, ˵ʲô
ø㿴
Ѧｫ÷ĻŶ÷忴, ֻսҵ, ֻ˵ⳡս͸ЩŹ, δٶ˵ҲֻЩĵĻˡ
÷忴ŻѦ
ѦȰοſ̬̫ӵº㸸ײʲô, £ҲսûϢʵǺϢ
˵ǣֻǵһ·ֱôʱ䣬̫Űˡ÷Ҹ飬һܣûп÷أ
½ΪʦҪĿƿһеڡ
СʵøԼôѹͷúȰȰǧӡ
̫ܵļЩѦ۵֪Լ˵һ붼٣ʲô鶼űȱ˿һЩҲȰס
ǰ÷ͬĹ½һֻѧΪʦҲ˱˵ĹϵŵԳΪ½ĵѧ
û뵽½Ҳǿ츳
츳˵÷ѦҲ֮࣬ǰʧٵʱ½ҵף˲ʶ½ĥӲ£½ղɿڴӦġ
ܵݵ½Ϊʦܰ
˰ʱ÷ŻҪȥһףûٶˡ
ӳþˣЩ
Ѧһ㣬Ķ˵ӿǲСأƽɣ
÷Ѧһһģ߸ˣӳÿ˺ܶ࡭
˵һʱ߸ҲûĶôأѦЦ⡣
÷һλУ֪ôжϣǲҳԵ̫ˣӲŻô󣿡
ʵֵò࣬ǶȷʵЩѦЦ˵һ䣬Īǻһ˫
ֻǴȤ÷ȴһ¡
÷ӽ뿪ȥǱߡ
׵˽ԨýԨѰ
ԨʮεˣƳ뿪֮ǰڹӲʣȥλһֱ̫ҽ棬ȥҽԨ
ʱ÷廹֪Ƴ˼ǷƳһʼһ˫̥Ĵ㣬ڹаź̫ҽ
ڹ⣬Ȳ֪ԼǲĻ˫̥Ǳ˽Ԩ֪Լ뷨
Ԩ׶֪ж˫ӵļɻ䣬Ԩܸ̽˵عϲ̫ȷʵӡ
÷һᵽɤۣһϣܿкŮ
ԨЦҡҡͷˡҽ̽ӵԱ
ˣ÷Ŭ򶨣ʱܣҲ֪һӡ
ԨȻҲûжʣ̫ģһκ˵¡
л
÷㱵ش׼гһ·أƳ̫ҪӣرǺ鷢

÷˵ֻҪĺӣҪ
Ǹʱ÷廹仰ĺ壬ˣȴԼߡ
÷岻֪Ҫòܻڸϲôһ˱ƽסӡ
ΨһܰˣйһĻʺ
÷ع֮󣬱ȥ˻ʺ
֪뿪ʹİ߾ս
սǷƳ÷ģһβͬһεսսġ
սϵϢûʵۺͻʺЩΪ÷֪ܲסѡʱ
÷ʱʺ۾΢죬ëʪʵĸôˣ
ʺǿžǿЦû£ȣСײ۾ˡתƻ˵ճˣȥ𣿡
ǣ˳Ҳȥһ˽÷ʵ˵аûдŻˣȥѦ˵ÿµ׻дŻҲҪż
ʺһͷЩҪᡣǿסѹ飬÷˵˵ĶԣҪż߾ս˵սѾʼˣ̫Ӻ㸸æẈ̂ûдš
÷۾һĸµս𣿡
ţմ
ǵº͸׶ƽɣ
ʺΥ˵ǡƽ
÷ﰲЩǾͺá
ʺο˼룬㻹źӣҪõǡ
ǡ÷Ӧ£ɫȴδȫĸͬ˵飬ĸҡ
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