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ҶһǱ·˲ĿԭˣῡεģߵĶۡ
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ѩãһƴӼԶҹдѩã𣿡
ѩһɣסϾû֪壬ƴͩ磬֪ԼֻǷ
ٳٶ۵ĸйҲо˽ǰûȺľֻһǿɱ׷ɭɭĺ⡣
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ҶھһҶǿΣҶüͷչһЩԸ·ػر֤ھֵƽǡ
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ΪûԹСʹｻãһվǱߵġҶҡҡͷųԼͨûȰ
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ΪϣҶǵһıʿҶءô˵ҶЩģĪẮǽһɢˣ˭ҲָӲ˴ϹһӲҶǣΪã»ӡ
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ĪẮףԭˡ
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ʮҶǸ˰أȴһһ١λʥϣصúܡսʱûиʹԮںģǸʹ˭
ԡĪẮԼµҪ˵ʲôû˵ڣϾ͵ʥɵģǸʽáȸʹҶϡΪ˳ҶϣʱһŪĽŻŮǲһķˡ
ǵʥϣȻԼµش𣬵ĪẮԲţϾ˶Դ֮һŮºٹٵô
ǳһ˿Цǽ֮ڣп¶ȥˡ˵ʹʱ˺úõģ˭֤֤ʥΪ˺󣬹ÿ궼ԺЩ̫ҽı̶ѩѿҶǣҲ̫࣬ЩҲСﰵģһ߹ڻʼҿӾٲޣҲҲܻʼʹͣʹҪסͲ׶øʹơζţҶϲ׷
δҶǣԹûȸʹʵҪλĲѡСĽδһ棬ߣǴˣϼɵҶϣδʹصҶǣȻ



ƽأһվҶǡһ·ϣ׳ͩѩڶǰ棬ҶѺүѺڶβģǺݷׯ÷˪һʦ÷˪ĽСĽΣһٯȴΪɴྫһ·סꡢ⡢ʦǣʵ
˵˲Σ׳ͩѩҲΪչˣ˵ƽأһ·ƽ˳죬׳ͩʼսͷӣѩģʱܵУҶѶЩҶǷʲôģܵβ÷˪ʦ졣
Ը棬ֲʲôӣʦҲֵ˳ˮ۰ͽͽᶫҴС㡣һ·ģҲ㷳ơ
Ҷʶرѩġ˼һĹԼǰǰԽˡ׳ͩһҶѷԼӵС˺ܶ࣬ׯʱ׵̩µʦǶӡļѣεھ¶ʮԱȴ䱸ģүɴֻҪѩս˼ҾͰڳһųһȮ䡣
żѩӶǰͷܵмʱ򣬰׳ͩϼۣмĿҶѶϣ˲תôδҶƺһɲĿӴУӵζ
ްաûɵأɺѩٲ򷢹ȥٸЦ
ѩд蹦һ·ϵϢʱŽǸԡܶʦȭţ֪Ǹ׵涯ûûصģãȻƾƣ˺ݷֶһλնһĵʦ
ǶʦϾᣬҴС㼸սǴ˳ͷ֮ģͨӦսһҶѱƳⶡʦ㵴ʮŵӡһŵҵ״ӣᣬȴʵȵġ
Ŵɲͬ㵴ʮԭռɽΪĵͷߣʮԼĲҵ⣬šǺһ·ѩô࣬һһ۵صתȻתһΪ㺮âֱһȥ
һ˼ѩݣҳ֣ʮغϺ˽ſֽšѩһ㣬׳ͩҶѵȣǲһأһȴѷãŮн飬ο죬ѩԽԽ£һʱռϷ磬ƵöһֻƵƵмܡ
㵴ʮʤʽ꣬ѩϾӦУۼųݵһǰȴĪԥһ£ǽƱûͳȥֻһɲ㱻һ׽һֳֽʽһ״ӥצֱץȥ
ѩȻû׼ۼһץһæط֪类ԷסѲһţ³ˡ
ۼһָ繳ѩǰҶ￩һվһֻһϮٿشӶӹһץһˣ̧۵ס˶һĹƣѩ
׳ͩˡ
ڴ򶷵Ķ֮ʱ֡ѩһֻ׳ͩ࣬üͷ΢ֺ֡ͣһ£Ǿǰѩ˵˵΢ףַŻӦʱӦ仹µģǴɣԥԥ͸Կɳ֮ɼסˣ㵽Ϊֹˣ㰲ҪȥǱˡ
ҶԾʧ̬ڨڨȥ׳ͩ˵תȥæֻѩվԭأɫӵؿŰ׳ͩıӰ
Ű׳ͩץּˣഥǳñĴֲںĵȣϤİ
ָожΥأһΣϡʱ
׳ͩʱŸռ¡ŵ߽ͥԺ۰֮ءԺҵˡ׶ĸ˵
úӣԺļҡкͷ
ԣʱ߻ĸס
Ǹа׳ͩĺӶ˭䵭ƽֻ֪һľ裬ΨʱŶЩͩԺǼҵˣǼҲϤҪ
¶ִŸ׽СβһŰ׳ͩ׳ͩҲһţһ˰Ҳ˵һ仰
ֱĸȥһա
ӶǴĸ׷ɫأȥֻҪߵſڣס֪˶ãĸ׵ķ￪ʼǵ͵͵ģͿ޳һƬŶһֱڷȴû죬ѩԽԽ£ͷô㣬ɹȫ䣬۵һ˳
¡׳ͩһѱĸסСԺ¡˵
ѩкҲо⣬ȴҧأӲûԵɵɵ룬ͩҲẦ뿪𣿡Ӿ鷿壬һֱûҲ֪˶ãֱŰ׳ͩĲӣ˯ȥ
֮ûã׳ͩͱȥ¡Щټ棬׳ͩһֻΣ廹ҪУ书ȥھתתϤºҵ鹦ΡҲֻڰ׳ͩ鹦ʱڽַӵ鷿һ档
ʼռǵĸȥһգ׳ͩһѱһ̣ϡů⡣
С֪Ҫ޸׳ͩġûбĿܣҲ벻ʲôܡֻڰ׳ͩѧɹһ꣬ѩͻȻ֣һжԡ
׳ͩǸɣҲǸŵĴС㡣˳ֻٽ׳ͩھһŷ飬ʱͷɴ߳ȥ뿪߷ôơɾҲδɹԼս¡
ذ׳ͩʱŮȲϡмΣͼ뵽׳ͩĶԻУ˽ھֵ񣬸ǲ⡣ʵýˣһáһü񡢹ܺǮǱ֡ɱȥ飬
Ǹ׺δ۳ҵĽǣΪһˡʼӼܳȥڴС飬ȻǽأٽĳԶһȥ˺ݡ
һʼηŸ׵ŭÿÿȥεϱڸ֮ǰؼҡֹΣҲҲҲܵòôˣһζڣȻڰ׳ͩͬ¡
ͷһμʶ߽ļ¶ޣĵСڣҲ˰ɣ·ϣʦǸЦ
ôأѩ⡣һ·ϣ·ˣҲװͼڵķ˵ץͷһμʶʲô³ɽʲôǳԲڳһƬãԭҰЪϢʱ̧ۣ׳ҵ;̫ȥķһʱ˵ֱȫֻɫϼΪֹ
ʦЦҲںֻһļҪĳšʶ磬ĻصǸССķȥ

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ղ磬һԶԶĳš
Ͼ쵽ˣߵ䣬δգɹ΢΢ѩժͷ۱ͷѹҵ޷ĿԶյĸ·Щ㲣ȴڣ˷ܵĹʡӶǰ۷ҶߣͬУʵҶǵˣȻҪȥûпգȥǸʲô¥ȥոӣ
ҶѿЦãĿΧھֵˣԹүؿһۣӲؿ
ôһ˲ҶԺͻȻɿرĳһͷѩһΣҲһôԶĵط˳֮󣬻ѩʹ˳˼ҵŮһһլԺ߽һլԺŶóһĸȫ£ӣٲܳ۳ɽˮ¡
ƽ໤һɲǵĽ㣬һСξĶǵĻ䣬ôȥˡ
ǸȻĹǸֻΪ·ƽε͸Ұ·˵ĹǸԽ²һδͼƿĹվҪصůСһԣúõУ紵ţֻż˳һ
뵽ЩҶѾ΢΢Щ꣬ΪƼˮ·ˣȴʵڶԴκβá
Ҷǣһֱȥ˿ջڿջſڰ׳ͩҶѵҶֵܣпӦѵҶǣҪȥݼ£ͲҶൢҶֵгˡͷæ꣬һҶֵܺ
ǰݱ֮ˣҶæȭЦͷﻰǰͷȣСܴʱҽšȻ㻹ҪСҲҴšټ԰գٲڶһһ𣬷
ĸ¥šѩһĵųԣʱ׷һ䡣һʲҪҶѼȲӦУĪʧСŮӣǱϽһ뿪־ڣ¾ģһոӣջҪ˵ģ͵ǻ˵ھִȵ顣
ȴ˵ھһ˰֮󣬰׳ͩѩ÷˪һǰҶ
ׯûȥˣֻڳǰĪ˵ǳ鷳֮ǰ׳ͩģרŶѩһ
ѩƤһƣһʲô׳ͩ˼֣㻰أû
ˣ÷˪棬ѩѵЩ²̨棬Ҳ΢̧Щ
ҶϮȴһֱδ÷ţۡʽǰȴֻҶ֡ھ˵꣬Цӭ˳
ĳԶ뽭ҲšһȻӢţȲϵϵΪ׵İ׳ͩǰ̧ӵϣǳҳʱЩ飬´켸λȥ鷿Ⱥ򡣡
ҶŲǰͥйһܿտһࡣΧʮһڣǾ׳ƹֻ̨ͤ¥һӦȫԵ׺УС·¡
Ͻһ˴鷿һҶ䲻ˣƮ˽ʱȥׯһΡ
һţѩˢˢվδ񣬱԰
ȵȣվҶˣ⼸һֱġҶ
ѩ䣬÷˪ӣѩԵɵɵظ۾Ҷϣӷٵתһֻݣ˵һʼƪ
Ҷ俴ѩı飬΢΢һЦҲƣԷ˰׳ͩŰӢ˲һ鴫
׳ͩӦšҡҡ׻˵һ֣Щ䳡ѩҶ½ã׳֪ͩģ䲻ҶֵҲš˷Ҷ֮ǰѩⶣǧҶǰλӣüֵ֮䲻ˡ
ҶԼ׳ͩЦʱݾֻʱͶ벻ѧȥˣػʱȥ߶ţ֪
׳ֻͩǷЩε³ڣӼ棬ֻźδܾ֮꣬ĪҪ֡
ѩŶԻ˼ȴɵһߡԽԽԻҶ·ϼҶ䣬ԼһҶֵܷĿõܻܵҶǣˣҶѣһǳ߷ģȲĺøУȻȰҶֳعںõġ
뵽ѩ̲סЩ̧ͷҶһۡǱ飬ҶЦڳʧ̬ӣЦ˻ȥ
ҶͰ׳ͩĶԻһûһƮôҲšҶǱҪĲ֮أ߹ó׷١սңóήҡ˴ҶھǰϣھҶǽׯΪṩڿ
׳ͩ˵˼黰Ѹϸϸһ顣ѩڶ̲סüôִׯɲףҶǾ򲻹Ѿ˷ׯܸǵҶǷΧҶׯ̫ˣפׯʦҪµ䣬һʱô֡
׳ͩõؿһۣҾظ˼ˣ»ׯ顣ׯ˻ظԵ
ҶЦȻȻ󲻽ظѩҳ̡ѩ˼־ҶӽЩʹ죬شҲּ򵥻ظ
Ҷ䲻࣬ɼõеģȥԶŮڵ۶ΪʣҶʱڵ۶Щ꣬ҲȥءҶֵ꣬Ҷϳر߹ѧϰˣëҶͽֳڵ۶ȻʱϵǢͷܣȵҲ̫
Ҷ䲻ܵһ㣬ڽϹĺõͣҲܿɱе꽫ѩӡеҶϳɣǻü۳ǸӢŵĹ࣬ǰչ֮꣬ȴ·ȱѪӣ¹ŨصĺڣĵƤҲİף׵ģ絶̣һֻ꣬⣬ݽȥԳһû
ֻǶ۾ţ֮棬۾ɡ
ˮ飬˫һֱߵɰͰ͵Ŀ׻û˵׳ͩ˱ǣۼѩֱʱһԶˣԶԶƮͩ㵹˵ѽôԵ㲻
˱Ӱ˼׶ҶѴȤλҴС㵹ƴǰ㲻£Ǹ˼ˡһҶͳһ·û
ҶѿЦҾǻҲ˵ˡǼƣղҪǳڣ޲ܰҸ˺˳ˡ
ɲϻֺǺǵ׷ڻϵȵԵ֣û׼ܽ˳ܸ֮ҶͳһκԵ
ҶѻøϽ֣ʹʹãСǸĸϻͬǸͷǲׯԵĺŮСǺû˵¿޸ܡ
Ҷ为ֶѩ˭ҪҪǾ콫ھְҶ
߹ضѩƵƵƵܱСҲɧӡ۳ҶȱǮģؿѵ˿̲ݻĵز



ҹҶǽֵϵһ𣬰ڵӸ跻·̯λĴְСһ֣̾޼ֶ¥ۼҶǵһľ¥Ϻĺζ֮صӦоУݺ衢˿ң۶಻ѷá
ս³ԽҶʵǲŻǰץһʱ䣬Ѱֻơ
ѩûţʵϣؿջ֮һֱûšʱ֣÷˪Ͱ׳ֱͩŽԷһһؾ
Ͳ֪ھ񣬾ڳǰҽѵͲԼдôӺһѩӲԣ׳ͩЩŭ֪
ѩȻš
صջλжȥһͷɢ䣬ĵԽ䵭ǿſڣã˻֪ھҿ̸ͩĻõŸ˵޲ֱҶǿŷׯ֪˭֪ھ񣡡
ôһף׳֪ͩôһͣӺҶóصأгһձ߻ƽַׯضԲгȻǵھֶռͷ˳ھ֡ͨھ֣Լ½İٸׯھҲСһߵȷûбھڲӣռȣǺܴʧׯڣҲô롣
ͼգȥѩ䣬ⲻֻǰ棬ҪΪԶơˣ¥Էɡ
ǰ䣬ѩ˺úøһģȻúǴۺŪغһعš
Ķ֪ȥԷˡѩ㬵롣ֲ϶ӣھǰ
ơͻȻ⴫û
˭ѩһСĵذν֣ߡûƿżһŨĿӴƮ˽
ң¥ոӡһϤƤЦڴ𣬡ϣѩ͵ƿֱҶϣ㽫ȥֻֻһҽڴ⣬һֽŵոӣڴǰҡΡ
ѩ΢Ц˳㡣ڴߣݡ
ҡҶЦذոӻ˻ΣźܿѪҺԴͷԷͣ˵С㣬ɱ׾ѣò׾ȻһҪҵ㴰ǰ𣿡
ѩֻÿɫɲôÿԭǳߵĴͳ졣Ϊαװôãﲻ㣬ôûŻƤأţ
Ҳû뵽ҵ˶ȻǵھֵĴСѽʧʧҶѴֵŴǽ£û뵽ǶӵĹ˾㡪ԣʲôαװôãȥӵģСòãвʶɲ顣
Ҷһ˵컨׹ѩɷ˸ۣܵɡ
ιιιû֤ݲҽҵɣ˵ԼߣǲߵҲɣҶѰղյضŻ˵ҴȥʲôҲɣ˵ƭҶҪȥҶǣûһǼٵİɣ
ѩ
Ļ̧ܡѩţôͳ죬øƵġǿˡ
ұΪòãҶ˭֪ôϺڷǰˡôǸ书һͬ飬ˡ˵ˣüһԴԺʱҿһڷãĪẮҲұ֤ȫ˰ɣ
ѩøʵزţƫҪͽӡ
Ҷ˺ֽһֻȵݸѩһߵҵţսջλү˵С岻ʣ͡һ벻԰绹һ¾Ͳˣ
صҶǣҶѱϴȥһ·Ϸ糾ƣѪһ²ɵİɫͷһƤ멣һ¾ͦ˿û·ϴᾢ˫ĴЦ۾Ŀ⾼Ŷ˵緢
ѩƲƲ죬ϸЩСͩ㵱ˣһȥ
ҶѶ̴ٵЦһ׳ͩ뿳ңȵõϷùܡ
ףֻѩĿ˸һ£ȥҶѱԼ죬޲ýǻͷһͬȥּæҲ˵԰׳ͩĹһûоΣգ԰ɣΣ͹ˣֲٲֲɫģ͹ԸʲôΣա
˵ˡѩһڴĻڣרҳոӵİɣ˵ͣҴˣھֵ£һմֵġ
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ʲôһѩ˺һΪʲôؿóΪûǮΪʲôûǮΪ̡ս³Խ͢ȡ˰֮ȨǳˣŴ򹷣ҲȰѹŽ
ݲȥۣϸϹžĹâ㣬̴˶ˣĻлУҶǷôãƣ˵߾ܿ찲ѡ
٩٩̸ҶЩѩ࣬զզģһ·϶û˵Щû뵽Ǹ˼ƵĹ뵽ҶŬ˵Ҷǹ֮Χãľ֧б䣬붼Ҫꡣ
ѩʾǹ֮򣬳͢Ըӡ˵һ٣ҪҪ˵ȥһһıЦҳôǧñһʱ̳͢ҵھ־ǰѷׯ϶ʲôأ
ҶﰵΪ׳ͩһͬᡪлɣ׳ͩѩ֣Ǳѩġ¹عˣܽǳ֮͢£Ҳǰ֮¡ѣҲʱھܶأ
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ѩѳʣĹͷֽһҶͳТ壬Щ˵ʼŹòãڰ׷ҲǣǲǸȥػô벻أ
лǳػҲͣȰҶǣǻǴӱ취աʲô֮ƥ𣬵ھΪҵŰ˶٣úܡΪҵҲˣ˳͢ĻˮǷϡųϹҧҶӡҳټʶ̣Щ߰ô
˵һںùٻһһ֣һһ䣬ЩҶǶæͳûô
Ҷ޻˵ֻ㬵׼ظϴأ̲סֻͷ³ؿСɲȱߣȥһҶǣ
ڴֹǻһӵĻֻǱѩµ˵ֲϷڴ˫ŴأƵĻסѩ̲סһЦ
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û㻹Ņܸ֣̀꣬ݣû׼ݺΪĪẮЦ
Ҷǵڶ죬ѩ㰴֮ǰĪẮԼջһԵذҶ˵Ļհһ顣Ҹ̧ܣǰݵ¾Һܲʹ졣ѩŸݸڴϷȥ߷߲ƽҲ¹鲻£Ƕֳۣ滰ŪҡͩҲǵģ˶㲻
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ҪҲڿ˭֪̻ҪãķỴ̄ȰھֺˡҵҪ³ܿʲô󲻹ҲڵĹģѩ̧ͷ۲ˬǰɣɱң˴ҶǣҲΪųġ
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ѩֱӺ仰мҶҲ̧óһҲùҲѹػԭܵô෽Ȳһ£Ըˡ
ʮͬնʱȷĪẮϲ裬Ȱ߾һңȻҲңϹΪѴҪƽ⽭ܲ˹ˡ
ǽϵ飬ĪẮȥҶһ档Զ߶һлҶĪẮ֣һ񡣡ʮʮսкξ㣬ɷΪǱ֣ϧȻҶǾսɿգۿҪֲסԸսɳҲԸҶǳơ빫һ֮סҶǡ
Ƕ飬Ҳ浽˲òĵز˵⻰ʱһ̩ɽǰɫҶ䣬ý徹΢΢
ҶػҶѾãǿʱµİλշķأҲǱ߾ӪҶųơս񡱣ʵֻսʮξٱǽԲɵãɱɱ౻һһȻʮ걸ս͢ľʮܼߣԶˮʣ۱ǮĻҶļҵסս£龫ǵ߹صó֮ǻһյָһգڳİɱжУġӰĹ롣
̿ǮҶϢ³ؿ߹ػУһìܣľǮȻϵõ߱Ҳ׼ؿУɳڷþ׼ڻпšԱ֮ʱٴδɱҶ䡣
ҶҲĲˣδٿù´δսһٱҶɫ빫Ҷǰա
ĪẮ˼һʵ˴ɱ˭
ɶ֮⣬æǺڷµɱա
֣ĪẮĬˡҶð̾һӪѾãΪѼ鱨ĳıֻվòڽֻ֪Ǻڷþ֣书Σʹʲô·ȷһŲ֪ĪǣҲΪѡ
ĪẮ̧ЦЦǸƽ͵ˣһЦԵǫ崺磺Цˡյȷڽ߶ֻǡš˼ʦͬԱȼʦἸꡣֻȻԶ֣ʵټһٵȷǸĽɫҲգҴȥһ
ĪẮ϶ѩֵĻᣬ˳ȥɡؿУھֱضҪһѵڿջŲɣׯڣ׳ͩĹܵס㡣
յᴵ˴һѩ˵ߣȥṦˡϹأҴ㡣
ѩʱԴģЩ湦򣬾Щ·ķӣǴ¾ô
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ѩһּۻ۵ǵÿ˭ֵҿ϶ͷܣҶֱҲ̫ˡ
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ѩȻĪẮĻƽһҹҶѵıʵǱºŰ׳ͩȥָϹصľͷƬӣѪ˿ûСȻҶѽλӰľɱ֮ƣľͷƬӾľͷƬӣ򲻹ľͷƬӣȷʧϡ
ȷЩ֡ĪẮ˵ǵҸǴôĸߣһ㡪䲻ĵܲѰ
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ۼԽԽѩһ㣬ͥԺǿΪϣŲڣĪẮ׷Ĺơ
Ѱ˿ӥ׽С㶺棬Ȼһ۾ܿĪẮָָѣѩȴʵʵһۼʮĪẮδմֺѩЩ⣬һˣֻĪָƣһģѩһɴ˳ɴԼϣˡ
ض֪ĪẮ˺Լ֮⣬ѩ򲻸ҽӵġҲȷӲֻķһ˳ƮȥƮȥɶ࣬һշء
гĪẮ׵
Уֻг𣿡ѩʮֲҴṦôҲǵһԵ㲦ģۣȥҲµۡ
ĪẮ̿ʦڸˣٶҲͷϡ
ˣվеϧû漣ʹѧѧΪҲǿüͷġ
ҲϹôѩգ۶ѩǸССģŮӹﻹŸů¯ϹҵĻСʽ̬˭
һʣЩЦãĶĪẮ˭
СŶһؽĿɨ䳤˵һ
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ڵǸҹˡң֪Էһ
նҶѣ˵˭ӮҹУһ
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˳Ĭ̾ϾǺڷõһɱ֡Ҷֻʣһŵƣѵǻиõƿɴ𣿡
һգ˿ãֵõġȻĶЩʲôɫī룿ȣҶѺôӰͳ죬ѩٲһɵھֵˣοЩĶ㲻ңδɳ񣿡
ЩϷʵҶĴҲٲά裬˫Ҫֲȥˡ˵ƺһ㶼ŭЦʱ治֪㵽ıߵˡ㲢Ϊ֮ˣòǴʵ۰İɡҶ䣬ס
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ЦһԶȥƮƮ죬һʧҪװ˷ѡǴӺӵĶ԰š
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ҶһûӦң
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ӴԲӡ̯ǸƤˣЦʲôǹϲģǾǺõ⻰ҶѶһȣѩûʲôӦǣϲ͵ˣǮɡ
߬ŵվһߣ۰ͰͿҶѵǮĽëŨܣרĿʱһֻֿɰСޣԳһƫӲʵĳ಻̫Ƶ
ֻҪǸСɵĸ߰Ͳͷ飬һھˣҶҪɣһǸа޺СŮӡ
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Ҳðɡѩһ߰ŵһջȥ
С㣬һö٣ҶѼֱԼĶ䣬ǮһѿɲӷѾĵȻҲá
ѩؿһٰۣʮеģô
ҶѼȫ۸񡭡С㣬ھֻ𣿻ȱ𣿡 Ҳô˵ԵҲʶ伲Ƶġѩһٺ٣
ҶĬĬ졣
СڳߣһɳΪͳ죬˵լٺסڳԴöһӦȫȼЩ鶫ȻеĩȥҶܼҽᡣһȥ治֪Լٺ٣м
ѩ͵һЦۣ˿ջ
ĪẮһ㲻ȣкһҶͳˡ衣˵Ҷ˱׷ɱ֮£ѩ˵ҪЩ汾£¿ɺãһȣ˼׷ء
Ҷʵ̲ȥһȣ
ⲻ˵ںڷ书Ƚϲġѩ༥
ںڷﲻ书ߵģһ֡Ͼ¶רĪẮ˶죬ãֻϷλӰ˲ûôöԸ
ѩüҪһֱ÷λӰûܳˣ
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Ŷѩⷬúһ׷ʵΪβֱңǵ÷λӰأ
ܣöԸ㲻ҪԳŪľͷƬУû뵽СүҡϣҶѻû˵꣬ͱѩǱݺݴһ߹ǡ
ĪẮҶѣ޵ҶͳϾʱˣܴܿǲסܵīɱ֣ɼ˵á
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ἰˣĪẮҲݣ˴ɡʮңǺεȵķ١һڣԭѧͣʮꡣѧϢطչֵزʵľ
ѧһǧʱ볯ȴš䷸̬ȣʿԼּܴ졢ģԭֱ˸ֲȴûϵԭѧ壬ľѧķչһǿһյرΣǵðµĽʿ£һ£ƾ书ѷȴϹΪ뽭ƽߡ
ʵʱҶѺĪẮҲëӣѩδǳƽҲֻ˵ԭֵʹֱɢ˵ҹἰˣղسĬˡ
ѩ۰Ͱ͵صĪẮȴƺһΡҶѶϸŮԽԽˣ˵˫Ʒպգɵ⣬ԶŮϡɲ˵ͲסԿɣҲԻ콭ˣñԭһ佻ʻ˭޲ǰʽ顣
뵽Ψһܾͣʵڲ䣬ׯû취ֻøһŮݻ
ҲֿġҶѰ롣

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˰գҶѱѩȥĪẮˮĦŵ˼
ЩģɴĥҶѺѩʵѩ˭̫Ծ϶ķˣѩĴ󣬶Խ⻹ͣ˵齲²棬ƽʱڼұﻵˣżţ޲üŸľ͸˼ҳֵܰݰӣûٱ˵ԩͷ
ǰ׳ͩȻδ򣬵ͻȻͬʱǰᾪһѩǸزסµˣʲôŮ֥СҲ߶߶䣬ƫƫ׳ͩ
ȻʵҲȷʲôشʵϣ˽Ҳ̲ʲôĶ
ýãȴǼΪõġΪָ㽣ǸʮŮڡһǰĸ״Ľѧʽһ飬ȴһ䲻̲ۡѩЩŭĸ׷ܿǽţһ׺Ľһ̤ơṦٽſĽѩû游ѧǴĸѧ־͵ôۣʧ֪
ŵһݣԼ˼ָ㣬㷢ѩһĬĬѧŴģֵͽ̡
ĪẮᵯ顣ҳСϰ䣬ӴúãԽʮһ귽ϰ䣬ϱЩֲˣִӺ̸𣿡
ѩ棬ԥɣҼ̳²
ʿдȻֺγǽʿĸۡĪẮ˳һ֦һһ̣ȥԱΪһ»
ӲȴǸýˡ˾ʹ˱ٴѻǱ洫ʵʵشͷ
˵гһգܲܳΪĴõһн׿ϣʮѩȸԾʵ
ĪẮȻʧЦ̫ܡ
ѩΪʲô
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ɫ٣ĪẮ̲סʣС㵱úúõģô봳
ɽԸߣ뱱ɽ롣ѩһü۵׽֡ҵھߵľǽ·ӣΪˣϰǱ֡ƵƵ䲻жҲж־˵ͩѧгɣԲܸ̫Զ
һתѩһɥֻϧҵƴҵ˷ѧˡڸϰ֡Ҳ˵鲻ðЩСʲôܾҵѧЩ
ĪẮЦˡʲô
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شĪẮЩ⣬ʵãͶԺΪأ
ѩȻûԤϵ⣬ſڽࡣ
Ϳһͷһݡ׳ͩͷĴţǼְҲڣˮ߬סҵ䵱Ҳвҵأ
ڳΪһ֮ǰҪȷǣҪʲôϡ
ѩ˼㿿ʲôڽ㣿
𣿿̱书ĪẮЦŶʮƽһʦȴֻüƣ˵ ѩüʦҲ߯ˣҼоڼϰʱգɾͣһֱļҴֻԼӾҶòֵǵǮ
ҺȻҺԳΪļ֮һĪẮ¹ûȱģúãЩΪʲôͬһ׹ȴи֮֡˵㣬ԼҵĹˡʲôˮƽҪԼ컯
ĪẮ˼УûŲԶǰҶѩؿջ۷
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Ҷһ£⵹û˵ʮǰһսҲ˲ˣЩҶǵģӰҲ󶼶γĿǰΣš˪պգûʲôвԭֵĸ֡
ĪẮߵӣ˼ԣϴҼ;Щ֣ձߣʮǰںڷоһ֣¾ԭֶû֣ûô󣬻ҪԳֻΪɱһˡ
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ĪẮҲĥ͸ҾǾնõ̫ˣҶ㣬жӣϾֵܣǺڷõ죬ڲ֪־мƵ£óȻƴô
ĻеϹĥҲĥʲôԵֻܱˡĬһĪẮ֣ջͳҡ
ȻָѩҶ̲סеᣬЦȻھǳĹͣС㰲Σҵܲϡ˵СҲи㲻ģƾ뵽һҵʦ
ҵʦĪẮװûҶ⣬ָ㼸£ƵƵǿϡдͳһ츳ֺαġ
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ҶһƱ飬ĪẮ̲ס׽Ū֮ģʵͳΪΣ
Ҷһ㶣Ϊ֣һȫѾ˲ˣҲûʲôĹ˵Щ
ĪẮΪõЦƵƵСʱûʲôţĴѰЩС˵ЩӼ˹µĶ˵ˣһҪֵӡϧѽϧôЩǰͷңϹҵĶӣ˭ûõݴ񡣡
һ˵һ߻ƺϧҡͷҶֱĪẮһغ˵˵ŴԣϱͻȻͷḻ

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ת۱³ҶǳŴ󿪣ǽϸ̲顣
³ʮȡؿСϢһҶҶĻнֵЩһ굽ͷ̷дר㡣ϵǢͷ𽥷չΪҶҵֵ۶еĴﶼУб߹ظɫƷҶ̣ǰּǮׯרΪṩˡ
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Ҳܱ߲ڳۼռطռط֧ӵ֧ӣΪڶĻ׼϶ЦӯӯģҵʮһλУ·̫һԶ־ɪӣعյķʢ밲
ѩ߱߿߹ز䲻Ǻ죬ֻҶ˵ĴУ޲Ƥţ⣻嵲ǿʢǱ߹صҩݺƥó׵Ҫ٣ϱ߹صĲҶͱʯⶼҪ֣ĸΨһӵģȻٵطСȴ˸ǣΪο
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һԥǹѾƿӣ˸롱ĶѩƤֻҪͰ͵ӲĳֻεسСЦЦ˽ȥ
һȥ㱻Ƶúһ͡ʹ߹λεʮִ֧һ£Ƶһȥ˺ӭ۾һŨҵζѩǿסֻһŮˣһߣ·ƾɲ֮£ֻܼһ촽ͻȼ򦣬ӳΪ졣
Ů֪ŮΪΣŮڣǸŮˡ
šѩһʱδҪʲôԣֻߵס˿ͻȻ𣬴һƬհס
ŮԥҲߴ٣ϲһ裬ʾȲ衣ǲ費ƽʱȵնɫ޺ѪѩĴҲò裬Ͼ߹ؽţӣ˵Ĳ򲻸ҺȵġڴʱӦ¶ȣҲתǵ͡Եɡ
Ůʾѩѩ̯ƵݵǰŮŮԵΪء
ѩüëЩʧÿɷ׷ʵŶβۣǡ˵ȥ
ԵȻ׳ͩһǼõ·뾡ͷˣȻ˵϶ɣҲһμѻ뵽Ե˳ޣɥ򡪡Ȼⶼʲô¡ΪһشˣԼԼ£
ŮɨһۣŮֻǵãĪִʧ֮֮ɣܡ
˵ʱռеڴʱŮӣһȤûˡ㵭ЦҴԵѶʲôɣܡ
ô˵ȴ΢΢һССġĹ
ѵҪļһΣʲô뷨
Ҫ֣û뵽ŮȴԸɿͷȥŮƣǹŮӣЩԶǰֻ̡
ֻʲô
ֻǰԶ󣬿Ҳز١
ѩƲƲ죬콫˹Ҳĸ١лԣȻܿҵˡʲôԶǰһЩʲôϵأ
еĲΪȻŮ̶̧ۣ֮ˮɲ⡣ſѩ֣ЦŮôȻãʧۣǿۻۼˣʿɶֹܳá
Ů촽һһϣҲΪö־䴫ѩУȴĵǵ㲻Ϊ˵ʧ
һȴ޵ѣţδǺպ֮ˣһںܶ˿ɼյ㣬Ļʲô㣬ĻҪʲôʿɶֹ
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޻̸֮ѩƽʲôʿɶֹȵ뷨̸ʿɶֹ뷨̸ϵ̸ʿɶֹأ
ŮַɿһӣֻһûˣһССĻָȼԾţš
𣬾ͺñȹŮĵ׵ɲǼ䣬򶼰һָֻһâʢҫֹ졣Ů֪ôûɣСϨ𣻻ʢپ硣ŮʿɶֹҪΪŮԼ
ָһָϨˡһСС̴ָŮ˳ĬǰѩӶһѩŻŵģæӻͳһӷϣл뿪
ſСæӡϾ¶ȵͣһˬֹ̫֮˵ȴŮŪȥʮֹա̫ȣԺ
νˣſСźվ߷ز񣬲ɵս²ϣߵĲİҶǸӼѣ֪ģͣ½ŲǮ
úѰô⣬ٸЩװŪĶһģСŮͷ



³硣լˡ
ʱչҶǾѾھҲæýŲءˮůѼ֪Ҷؿһ»ûڵϣЩ޼ָ̱㿪ʼ׼зֺŵϡϼǲׯ¼֬߰˼Ҵӽˮ¥̨ȵ£׷ЯŻ̽ҪһɣȻίиھѺ͡
ȷû˹˵Ϲѩǰʹţ˵ҪһҶǡ˱ææµµشŴӸׯԽԽ࣬׳ͩɴһ¥ԺΪھʱŵ㡣
ѩһֻھģ÷˪࣬ǰһ˵̴÷ɿ졣ǳѩƬһɽѩİæдһڣͱ׳ͩ
ҵúܣĪҷϸŪ˵΢΢üº͵ġѩвãֺȥߣȥЩʲôЩʲôֻĪԶ
ѩĲþͱֵøˡۿҪڵ÷˪æ߹ϡ࣬һŰ׳ͩȥ˵Ļһ߰ѩȥһжڵشķֺţ˳кȥͻĻ
ѩԾȤúܣ֪÷˪£㰲Ÿ¡֪жڵشֺţڵǼǲˡ֪׳ͩһԼҶȥУžԷˡҲĹʣɴ໻һжѣֱȥ
׳ͩǸһã֪УܡҲǣԼʦţ־ͬʤûʵûҪЩΣ
οȷôں
Ǵڣѩֶһţ߱߳ԣۻعţġƷƷ֮ʢ治ѷڵ۶Ｗһģǵ۶еġޡڱ߹ذպ̷ȻϡѩԶͷǣձϷġεġСԵ˼
תһǰڽͷֵԼǿеġĪЦѩȥ·ԼѺڵĻƻҶͳңӱȥ
һӣʮﳤ񰤰ȫС̯λ߶ϻиţڵģĽζζַδı߲ռһּۻۣ͵͵ɺЩСȻٲҶǾʮһڣʮһڣضȺ
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ɵˣҶҲ˲ϽˣҶֱ㶵طʡǽеŮ𣿡



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Ҷ̧֣ȥͷϲ֪ʱճϵһݡеׯΪִԶ뽭ˡʶпᣬҪҪ콭㻹еѡׯͰͷԻỤȫֻҪ㲻Ը⣬ɲմȾЩ顣
ѩǿһЦݣתƻ뿪ʱѵǱˣ֪ҵûҲ
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Ŷԭֻǡ͵Ҷٶһ˵⵶УݶӶۣ㻹ȥ˶Կ󡣡
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Ȼɿڰ͵ظŻȴ÷ֱӣŵȼ亹乡ԹЦݵҾ֪ûкУȻǰѾɱֲ
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ѩԣԼϢתֻһɲͬڼϸ΢̸У˳Ϣһ·СĵȲѹҲԼҴܣͷһ֮д΢΢һʹ˳֮˹ȥʱ䣬һһ䣬֮˲ɢ
ѩϲǰˣֻתΪվǻתܱ֫ϸ΢΢Ц⣬ȴ޶Կ治զء֮ǰĶǸˣ׶˵̫ˣŰҽһʱ䡣
ѩ⣬֮ǰŲҶ໰ʱէŵʵǰЩ˿ѰôǰֲѰһ˲鷳ģǲǣ
̾ǰ˵ӹУ٣û̹߽Ĺء֪ڷã
ѩһѿڵ֪һǸȽ֡
üͷһ㣿Ƚ֣
ѩһ͵ҶҶͳءȻҲȱˣϰһʲôλӰаһľͷ׷ɱǡ
һλӰʲôϡϼһöǧ򻯣˷ʤȻҽһңҿعȲ˵Լöŵڶû˸ŵһˡ󣬾֮⡣
ѩ֪֮в֣ͬϧȻ̲סֹе̬Ҳ߯ˡȴɽӵԭǰǰ书ƺˣԸ⡣
Źֵؿһۣ๫
ѩʱëһ仰Ӳȥûֿڣд֣˲ǧذת֪ǵѣֲ߬˳
￴Ҳأ˵Ůûʲôλ϶̣˲ٹҲҩʦ߿һۣ̹㡣һһһ꣬Ҷ͵˻Ҳǽˡ
ѩɳĵ˵һһէģԭҩǰԼֲһô
һۣΪϵӽͣҶĶ̶ɽˮģȥࡣһ˳һع
ѩϲҾ֪ǰԲһˣôҩҩԣֻҩʦȵˣҩʦȵġ
ҫѩȸԾ￴ˣҲЦ·ǿԼ۰СŮʦ㡣

Ѱ

⣬ѩ￾ͷ̸˵أھסʱҶǳžͱˣס÷һֱȵƵʱҲûѩȥң֪ҶѽһֱڳѹûȥӪ
Ӳ֣ʱȥĺͯƿڵţһƬǽгľʬ壬һУΧۣŹٱ㽫Χ
ǧ¥Ƥӵ³׷ɫʮֲáʵطأ
ŮŻش𣺡ûطټұܿˡ֮ǰʱտطˣ˻ط춢ǣÿ춼ܿˣû뵽ѽ
Ҷѵһʱȥֻض̼ڡһ򱻵һطƷ֪طռϷģ԰ֻǰ˼⡪˵أǣط˵ĶԹУ
ѭѪӺŴȥѪʱʱһǰֹͣȥңȴֻĺۼӰطڴЪšңֻӽŲӰҴͳ졣
ȻƽȵؽţҶǵѷԶǼ컥оܽĺջ磬߾Ĵͳʮ˴壬ȱڻܴΪҶ緢볯֧͢Ԯ
Ǳ߹򣬳͢ˬˡΪһҶҶѴȥӦݡ
ҶԥˣϽһſ˿ڣΪǲܽȥӦȽϺʣ´ɱΣȴδʣӰѲ࣬ʱ֣̫߳ȫˡ
Ҷȴ⡣޷ϴδɱһΣţǶ׶֡ׯձҶǣʱڸ磬ھ˺ĪẮôڳҲ¡ʱݱʲôҪر֤һʧ
ҶûЩǸ֣Ͼˣ˵ˣĪẮϹӦɱֵģĸģܵڵã
Ҷ֪ҶЩ뷨̿ͼȥӦһβƽأع
ҶǵľŴγ⣬ݱյģƥ¶ģÿһζŭּһһʲôأӳҰ˶Σʲôûڸ֣־ͳѺ͹һأ˶˽ȥ
ҶѳɳĽأǲ֪Ľһ
ոʽפڳء˾Ҷǲɽ·վһձɵҲˣνҶ֮ȵִĩڣ߹رȨһһջأٴӵ۶ǲ佫ȥµ۵ǻҶżפĸ죬ȻҲʽǰ㿶Ԯ
ҶĽǱѾкˣ·أݸɡ
Ҷǧ仰ؿתˣߵǹٸר·ߣֲ˭Ҫ޶һëȥ˿ۺģפɣ˵ҶǵҲû١
Ȼ͢زݾѱררãºҪӱ߻ʵԶ߾֮以ģ߻޶ë鲢ټҶĳıĴϵҪݣҪΪѡ
һֱûڵ˵˻פһģ˷ǳԶ֮ƣҪ취õ߳Ĳ֧֡
Ҷ΢΢̾סϵĻֻҪмУ߳ĲԻᵹߡʹɵĲӣշĲģҪġ
䳡ۼȥޱҪҶѱȺǳɫҶѺ׷ȥ
Ҳ֪ʹάϵŸʹΪ˶ӣضƸʹֺαҶȰ
ߣ֮ʡһ˦䣬˵֮ϸˮͳ֪ΪӮø֧֣˶Ǯ˶ٱеƥҶȵϸˮô
ۼͷϣҶѲ硣ţֻүżھֵ˼ҴҸϹһҶѣ񶼹˲УͷʵͳмҼҴС㣿
Ҷһ㶣үһ򲻴ԼϵôҴҵ·
صûһ˵ǧ¥εһĻֲýֻͣú˵ҽ£ĪӴô
үһֵ̯ĪҲûͷ÷˵մСʱȥһˣ˵Ǹȥܽ䣬һֱҲûȥ
ҶȻһ䡣ѩ˵۹۵һ㶼ġʱ뵽Ըطľʬ벻˸ϵ
ѵضү˫ɵ۾͵û䣬Уôһ˿ԴҪˡƵתϣصȥɣ˰ҡ
ҶѲӣүȥ׳ֻͩھסƻͨͣס÷˻㱨ȥ˲ͬطѰá׳ͩüͷԽԽⲽҶѽ̲סԹǸͳߵ̫ˣôӣôͳơ
ҶƤһŭ֪ĵôŸڣǵھµĶû˾û¡ûˣԹ
룬סû˵ĪẮǰŽοƵƵһ⣬ʲô£˭Ҳסͷ룬ʲô֮
ҶҲ˵ˣǵĸɱ֣Сܵʱɱֱǰȫġæ˺䡣ֻҼŵİ֪ǷС
÷˪ŵѡǧȥïǶĶӶ誡͸䲻滨ǰҲǹġƵƵһףҲһˡ֮ҪҵǿС
׳ͩͷǣʱұѪû뵽͵˵ĳɱ֮СׯϾˣصøϽҵ
Ҷһۣסȭĳ嶯׳ͩ˶˳⣬ֻĲøׯһͷѪȴûֹͷࡣȥʰŵֵûм
ŤͷߣתķƮ̲߳סֺͣαء
αʲô˵αռéӲʺƺ̫ţαƺҲ̫񻰡һ٣վʲôû˵˳ȥ
αصĬĬ˵
ȴ˵ĿҶү뿪Իؼңȥǧ¥׷˵һ̽̽ѩ١ˣں̣û˶ģ㽻źڰӣԼ
һķ䣬ӮĶһӴ
ĥʱˣʲôӮϵȥı̶ѩѿɶ׼ˣ



ҶԼȥѰˡڶһ磬ʮӰ;еĸ֣ȥ
Ҷȥװ󣬲սų̡ҶµͻȻʧѩһشߴŸ·ѵأҲסʽظϷ
ϴ󣬾ǰȥ˼ղûҲǶɵȡӰĳԱʮ꣬ǸӣСվҶѸǰŴʾȰǲҲѹһѹų̣
ҶһݸƤ̧ʮУֻӰʣµĶǴӾеģһӾ͵Ҫ۳ƽҶͳԴ·ͱ˭Ըùͷߥ޳ӰСġԽ书ëͷС
ҶѰѲݸһ£İдһԭЪϢȥǰ̽̽·磬ʮͤϡ
˵ǳ͵ҶϷʵʿƷΧʵϴƽؼǸܵشһҶ䲢ֱӰ쵽⣬ҲֵøҶϻޣһϡ٣׳ȥ̷䣬Ƭǵı̸ϸ˰գҶ׽֮ʱ־ƬطһȥطԽ˥ȥ
͢ҶǵǮ裬γ¶ҶͷʹǣȲöྫܣɶ֣Էƺ֪ܵĲ𡣼ΰղжʧܸա
ҶžƴŽݹˣҲҪȡأҪݰȫͻݲ·˵Ҳ졣
֪ǻȥûСҶϣһ·ɳۣûɵأͻȻѩͬȥƽҹɫҲһá
ֻǽҹֻһһ̤ҹ˪һҹδһŹЩӲ˼ȴġʮͤǰҶһתͤ£ֻĳǹҹɫ´£»Ұһֻ࣬һӴӳƹӵ֧ºӱѿˮ࣬ĵþҹɫá
һȦûʲôԲĵطͤϢһ۾;۾ɬɴͷŸ첲ֱż¡
ɫҹ˯ŵģֻ谲ϢָܻҶѴ͵ϮڰУû˱۾ѩʱӲпϰõıܣֱһδɱ¾лͷһΣ˵ϴʲôʱʼԼʼƣ֮⡣
־·ϸСĲݣɶ綳ӲľԾ裬ֹһεԼ˱ǾԶˡ־ʵСë׵գůǸǻһ
ǻϲ۶뽭ϣ˳ԶŵĴ࣬ȥһξͼ̣ȥ˵Ҷϸϸ䣬ЩطԼȥֹһأȴû濴һۡܶƽѹⲻı߽߱ǽǴ˵˼ġ
ԣǸǻڷǳȷѩ԰׳ͩûʲôرĸ飬ڰ׳ͩҶֻֻƬиܵΪȻûбһԸŤˣлУ֪׳ͩѩǰôݣݳǷ⡣
ѵϲĪẮ뵽Ĳɵó˳ˣĪẮҲ볣˲ͬƵƵ˵ѩûʲô
ͷ˼ΰҡδ磬弰ʣҲϵʮͤԶԶӴӳŷͷβ·̳ҶѴ˲ϱ£ǰ͵һҶǻͳҶѣ֮Ӧղˡ
ֻһΪһʻǰһƣһݵ˲Ųæ³ּѺ;衣Ҷͳ죬ˡ
˿ŸɰͰ͵ģһ˵ϾʹЦӻ΢΢ǰ͸һֻﶪԲҶѸųּ֪˶ٻأûղһʱе㲻Ӧղ³ҶѸϽȥӹñղͣˡְְڣĸҵ󡣡
֣һָӣʮݣҶͳ㣿
ҶųһȦýʵʵĳӣﰵѪļһǣʮɿ壬ʵʵװʮ峵ϻЦ࣬ͷٶ߼죬汰ְȥҶǿһЪһЪٻȥǱ߳ǱȲõ۶һ׼ˣ͵ء
һؿףҶѾϹҪһأװϳαСû߼һӣҶͳ죬ôߴ·ƽعѽ
ҶЦŶƽ⼸ִģ࣬Źٲ϶ҪΧΪ˰ȫҴ˴ӳػء
ɵشϣִģż¾ִģٴʱû˵ִġЩʱߣĪǴƽأ
Ҷһʱߣ
ѽ˵иʮˡٴҲһ࣬кģҪǱǿҲšҿ˽˵һؾͣҪȻҶͳҵõȵඡ
û䣬ֻҶѱһ𶯣˱Ϸ˳ȥһֻɫХֱղȥҶѳһ˦ǳһߣ֮󣬷ɳȥĵֱ˰Ƭ
⧲أݵĶһ˳鵶һˣʱ䵶ѪӰҶһߺˡһսУսͬװֻͬԼ֪Щӵ۶ģЩʱġһʱ䣬಻ҳ֣䣬ȫŲҪ֡
һ˲䣬ͷԺˡǾ٣ɵٲǽ£Ҷֹһ䣬˵̫ˣţ޷ƽЩݷ˶ˣôȻйѾ͸֮УЩ˲ˣôԴ˿ϡ˵׼ʲôʱʲô˾ͻҪȻҶǵı󣬺ݺݵͱһ
ҶѴʮ˳УͼŤһŵ˷ֿʵð죬Ҫŵʹɱ֣ҪֽŲ̫أԼˣţü˶ʡ갢Ͼٳס͵סŴ죬ɴ˱ֵֵңһһֱӿΡ
леĵо飬ҶѲײȥִӻͳʲôһֻһΣӱ
ҪըҶ׷ֻ˺ס֡һԲĺҴϣȥͼը۵ڵ¡

ׯ

Щ˴֣û˴ҷ׷׵ĴĴΪ˴һ¿ˣ
Ҷʶ߬˵̧ͷ˳Ҷô㣿ǡǵھַׯĵ׵̩
һ䡰ô㡱ǳǡصҶѵ鷳ʡҶѴ˱Ͼ񣬴ʱѿס˾档߶µشӳЩԼӣЩµ֡ʵñϣ켣ڶеɱһлƷҧжԾȻҶѿ˾棬һҲû¡
ҶεЦЦյ׵ңò˵ˣ鷳룬ѩ˵׳ͩҲһὫߡѩ˵ݸ׵̩ģҲֱ˵ҶǻͳҶѣڴ˽Ӧղˡлλȡ
ҶѣΪеģһ֮Ŀƣת׵̩Ц˵ɲɣûҶǡˡ԰նҶһȭ˵ҶͳӢţȻ˵ھ塣
Ҷû뵽壬һ㶣æԭׯ׾ˡ
һһµˣ̲סܻѺԱԱʮһ벻ˡԾģʣ´ӵ۶˵ˣʵǱʣôˣ˵Ҷǣֱ췽ҹ̷
дȻҹУͼɱ͢٣áһ䣬׮׮͸ʥдţмӸҹУ
Ҷѻæ˵õ˵һؾͣ˭ҲȷЩؾ˵ˣǱ˵˵ˡ
һͷ󣬴ЩӾĴ޿κΣֲòӽ͵˼ٽְ֣֮һݾߣҲΣաοһЩʱǿҲѱˡ
Ҷͳ˵Ҫȷ˺õİȫ©˵⵽ǰˡ
ֻͷҶѿȻھһڰϵټҽãΣӦҲǾʶ
Ȼװ죬ҶѾԼûҪ¡˳Ļ»¹ٻҶǣҪ౨ҶҲȫЩ
ǱɣȴǸûĹ١ŽѺ֮һһЩɽˮ̸ʣµղ硣ûһ·˵ȱʣͺû⡣öŵ¾ʣôЩˣôǺã
׵̩ھзׯ粻ǿԽʮһ̡֪λΣ
һԸ⣬ֻǲÿ⣬žͰʰ·иһʿÿڣھֶйԱһû£ô㣬ȷе㱭Ӱˡֻ뿴Ҷѡ
Ҷ˼һ£Ҳûиõİ취лׯˣھֿ⣬Ȼû׿ĵҶǣ¼峵á
ѩԭһ滰˵ҶѶкøС˵ǽ֮ˣȴûʲôӣʮʮһˡ
ĿתʬҶѵ̬Ⱦͱˡ
һһѲ飬ûȷݵĶѪ֫۵ףͫ׶ɵȥûоһѻˡ˭©
ԸٳֵԱԻˣصҲǲܡβڴ˾·ﶼиס
˵ޣҶѲòһϽ˼ܡھְ·æʲô¶ûȻ˵ҶǷ죬ھƺҲϴɡ
Ҷѵ˲ݡµӸʳֱιԣûؿ°ĭһʱ̺󣬻ƥʼϡڵ϶ˡ
˲Ϳ죬Ѻ͵ղѲ˸ϵҶӣǸҲָϵģı˼֡˼ļ⣬ñǡ
һʱֻ׵̩ʮʦֺʮƥ۷ȻԳԽǿáһ˾ǿǿ·мʮ˲ӣҶһҧԸתͷƽػسǡ
ͷô˵ôֻëͷСӰ尡һܵߵʵͳ죬㲻˵ȡ𣿡
Ҷѿһۣдˡϵ֣ȥˡеھλڣ·һ
һ뷨ұ¶ʮݣ峵⣬⵽˳أëǸǲˣԼ˻һܳԵʳʲô£ûǼ˭֪ûʲôûسһؾԳôǾͲǰܽˡ
϶뷨ֻͬǲ⻰Լ˵ѡҶôָӣʲôҲûֻŸϽߡһ·С뿪Ҷ⡣
ҶѴľھֵʦѹһҲ̫šƽأҶһ׶ڶǰ·һ·̸ѵ֪ʱѩƽһ£ɴ಻ȭµʱȷòôСܾˡ
岻ΪػֵѾͷһŴ͸΢ԵͷЩĲףͲˡ
ô˵ȴ˲һŮʱĳ谮ۣͩڣܳʲô£ƽûûСģ˳˵ҲǼЦˡ⼸տɻ鷳
⻰˵ԲˣŮҹһİ˳ߣĸϸ˶ˣûʲôԣڱտڶǡͩͩǸ֮⣬ѹҶѹŮа׳ͩأҶϼ
Ҷһ˲׹˶ۡû뵽׳ͩѹסѩȴǸ״һѺ֣ѹǻϲһ
ȷѩʧһ£׳ͩû塪֪ǲ˵ѩѾȥˡҶʮƣΪϡȴׯͦܵһˣͩڣܳʲô¡а׳ͩڣѩŻ̲סߡ
Ѿû׳ͩˡһˣòһпʵοӢţ۵ģֻǸС󡢶һ޶ļѡ׳ͩ

ڻС

ղϮµڶʹҶǡȻʧأܺùȫûղһѾҶһѸˣжϣҲûҶִƽػضûƵ֮¡
⡣ϻ˸ֻıͯһ鷿䡣ûıͯôģֱ¸Լ˱裬͸˵㲻ҪСҶѣܵϻͳ죬Ȼй֮
ıͯصغһƽϴۡˣĳҪϡܳ£ĳһֻ
ϵһţǲ֪ʲôŲ̫ӵ££Լ
ıͯı̶ѩѿҲʱˣҪҶ׼ȫͷһųȥӻͳһϣ㿴
һִſŻƶСԲ£ֻơϸϸؿһ飬ЦȻλ˵ġС˸緶Ҳó
ıͯһ֣ûִʱҲһֻϧǸŮˣҪȻҵ뽫£ܳһ¡ⶫͲˣĳô԰һƿȥת۱㲻ټ
ϧǸŮˣҡͷŮôˣ
ѩŲʮһЪɽȥ˿֪Ϊھֵ˼ҶǷ˸
һǣӣû˹ܵסھԺˡȻ̬ȴֱܲסĺ壬־¡ѩЩ¹֥£һȥ˵һȵĸŮ
˵عɻã֪ϢǹģСʦܣǴʦҩʦȽҲǰˡ
ѩҩʦȺءعҽ˫ֻⲻզء
˻ﲻ⡣
عҽã֮ġҩʦܱ߰տҪǮҩʦôˣҪҩܵóԷɣعΪ˲ҩʦȵĿգҩġ
Σ׷ʵ
ϵεҩҽݣҩĶҩʦġҩҽݼӼۣϰǸҩҽ޼ۡһȥҩҽݶ಻ԡֲֲۣҲҩʦȵҩֻط뷨ӡҩۣҩۣҽۣ֮˻òҩװϺö
Сĵؿһ۲Լ˵ʦܶɫ죬էŵӼع˺ò٣̫ˡϲǧһܾȵùȥҩʦȵĲҪȥҽݣȴ⣻ҽľȼƶȴһζҩͿһζҩǮⲻǰѲſҩۣҩҽͼϰնྫţŲȥرĵطǧǧҽݾһ˾ǿ
ó񣺡޹뷨ġ֪ԣΪβ˵
ѩһЦعϾǳһ˵ЩҲ̫ˡ̫ҽȥ˵ɡ
²СĿ࿴ˡ̫ҽҴʦ֡˵ھֹϵ鲼£Ȼ١СŮ书զأ˳ΪԺҪôƬҵ
ѩεס˿ڡ
ǲǲ죬֪ԼС㵱ңĺĺôƬҵҵйϵ
꣬ھׯ֮ǰܲ׵̩εҡһ꣬Ͱ׳ͩ궼ûżң˵ɨӲһ·ĸţ񣬾ͻ¡
ھеȻܺƾͺƣ˾ֻӲ򣬰׳ͩССʮսһܼƽһ·ϰӴˣ·ھһҶʮеΪھ֮
꣬һʮ̻ǮׯϵƵھ֡ϱóʢ֮أھ֮ǰСھ־ɽͷ˴ѹۣҡھֺݷׯ׳֮󣬽һϵڱ׼ڳϽһɢеˣܿ죬ϵھڶյھһױ׼ҵһ񣬼۸ҲࡣǵЩ̻ǲõھֿ
ʮ÷˪̤齭ϰ˼ھ֡һʮ̻ǮׯȰСھ֣̻Ǯׯ֮ì߽ˣϷׯоյضȹǴΣ
֮÷˪𽥽÷¹λӣΪ˺ݷׯʵϵĵҡ
ɰ꣬ʮĶʽӹĵӡǻھϵⲢ࣬ŵȥ磬弸ʦֵһϼƣϷׯ˶ŵ׺ͶӣǸ¶ĸһݺڵĲҵ
߰ڼĹͷķ£ϷׯӲûʱǸӵĶ誵ǹƥδĴʦŵھׯĲðϷׯһӴһǧ׳
췭ظͬ˶ո¶ͷǣլԺȴͣĸȥһ̣ŵĹ⡪÷긴һ꣬һֱûʲô仯
͵͵û˽̵ǲҪ죬ϴ꣬һĪẮҶ䣬ѲĵطظַӶϰ֣꡶ӡ꡶ʫֲȥ״ԪѧĶѧַӽҲĶؽ̡
ʱ룬͵˯һϦбãȻֹȵСַƽҲֻпѻʱΪģŶһͷһ鳵ظ칫ѵǱǰһЩšĩ˻ҪҡͷԵܽһΡ
ַҲ֮ûã뿪򸮣ȥˡټլŹ㼸͸ÿżëƤļҳ֧öȣ֪ϦϦ
ʱϲ꣬Ϊֻ֣йʱдһ֮ءüΪģǰ¾Ϳʼ׼֮ӣҶʲô岮ĹϵŶ塣
ǵھֽǶ仨ҲûҲУʵǶôҪ
ݼڣִ֪Ĵ̬ȼӱغͷϸúӣ˵뵱Ĵ˵һ˵ýʲô
ѩȻٴҲմѪ˵ףⶼĽʲô
ǳԣ񽭺ǵ⽣Ӱ˭ݣ˭ֶΣ˭ȭͷӲʵҲȻһ˼϶ѩĽ첻㣬ѧҲ˳Ȱο
У񹦣ЩֶΣţ֡й䣬Ĺ⣬ˣͽйӰȭͷӲȲӲ书ٸߣ˲̹ôڽڲ֮ءһ˼ĥ书Լ״ʲôڽ㡣

ɽ

һඥѩֱ㶵ڵء֮ǰĪẮҲ˵ƵĻʱСҲδأҲδʹԼģ¶֪ԡ
һ⣬ɽɽ֪˼նǰ϶ЩˣԷƱԼǸ֮ܣѶÿ߶ԼھҲ
˵ܴĻɣô㡣ϼӦǿУԽĪη֮ģǵиʲô˵ͷȣܰǵηѹ
ѩ̧ۣǰ޴Ӱ𺳡ȥɽƣǰɽֻխխһ˼֮ǰһҩũͽɽѩҲò⣬ͷ̽ʵǰɽô
ᳵ·ָӵԣ·ȥǡⶼǶ߹·ˡ
ɽԣɽչ΢ѩô˸顣ʶ˳żҲûѡʵǰܳŵסҶ¥ʲôطжԶ
ֻؼһӿǿ̶ѩѿʱѹƵ̧֮ͷϽ˹ס̧ͷǰ·ҩµɽҪƹ壬иǧ̶ǧ̶СǱȪȪۣɽů͡
ѩһ˵ͷۣÿ˵ʵ϶Ҫ˰ѩ̾˿˸ǰ̽·ۼ·ԽԽխûڲݴ·ľͷǰ˶ߵľʯضϡԶԶȥջھʯԶĵطţƱ壬Ψһһ·
˰۶ԴӲ˵Լйһ֮㲻ҾŲĻۼ·̲סﰵһ䡰
Щȥ޹ҩũǴ·ȥġ
ǰȷֻһ·𣿡ѩɵػͷʵ
Ĵ˿ǳȷ˵ӦòǣЩûҩũӦߵһҪԶö࣬ǲҩһ˭ͷһġ
ѩ̾˿Լϱһʲô£ⱲӲŻ¡жµϹʲôأ֮ǰΪʲôûȸ˵ҳҵģǰ·ѡ񣬲ҪϹָأ
ѾųȥˣֻһԾϾʯ
ѩ𣬰һȻھʯϣһ˿û˭֪ʯʵʵڵѹ·м䣬ֻѹ˰⣬ǡǡǿάƽѡȻ˵ֻʯһ죬ǿ޴ʯͷһɽ¹ȥ
ҺѩӦ죬ָϲã͵һʯ飬ϲɼŲ˳һ˦˴Ųʯ˳ȥһ̫ͣ˾͵عɽµı߶ͣ
˺ô󾢲Žɤ۶ѹȥһˤֱѵˤɽµ£ȷ˫ֲɽʯƤѪ˿˳ŻҺڵֱ˳ſڵϣ˺þòŰѿѹڵһŲߣ鿴
Ųǵһ·һ΢ˣӺôڣ͵ع谺ȴӵվϵְѹڵطѩקΪѩƴȫķϣ̱û˵ڡ
ջǰҲʧޣһҪɢܵӡѩɽ޶˽һ̲¶ģҧӱϲѾ˵ǧңڲϡ
ǧûˣͷװһǣߣҲŵľƷϸ˿ǿ֮ǰ˽ǣߵɱ֪ԼСʦǸɱصʦ˱ȥ͸
ȻҲһξͱϣԭⶫⱲӶòϣû뵽֮ȫ˳ȥ
ʱǰмһҪ߻ɡֻܰһΡѩָŰť
￴һۣΪ𾪣û뵽ѩⱣøδü˵ֻѩӣǿһںЦݣṦԱӣұ֤ݡǰرǺõġ
ǣһһ̽ջǰȥջľɣüĴ󶴡ֱԾȥҡҡ׹ջǳܲˡһ˲ѩȹȥٹʹأѩţҲڲľ塣
մɽɽڸȥھͷཻγһ͵ĽǣɽߵͷҪתһߣǵðһԡһ·ѩߵߵֱȥĶˡ
ʱ˻ȥѾܡۺʪͷ̧۹һ¾룬סţҽתɽڣһתƮƮɽ׹ȥȴɿסһɽײȥתΪǰɽڣݾ١
һðסɽڵ͵˵ǰҾãͰǣ߶ϰɡ
Щԥ滹һ·ʱͽǣˣգֻӲˡѩһػе㲻ͷߴٵ̫ˣض̫խӲҲӲס㡣ðɣȻֻˡƴһҲ͵طòã
԰ԼҲһ㶣һ·Ƿ˵ʱȴζÿ˵Ҳû׵ģֻΪİˡ
ⷬϾЩ΢Ц⵹ˣ߽ʮ꣬ܰСϡܰȫȫβȥǵھǰû԰գѩǰɽڣɿһ磬һɽת
Ͼ˼涾ǻ̶ȣѩö࣬һڰշת֮ʱδһջӱ׹ȥһϻɣֻżХһѩæͷֻһצͷɹȵվŵϷɽʯС
ֻԼɿصȥɽ綥޷Ȼ͵һͣڰաһڿȥǿżסɽʯϸϸǣֱۣO˿ѪѩҲ˲Ϻ£խխջϣ̽ȥקסǣߣʹ̵ϸϸǣ߽ҲճǳǳѪۡһʱżŲյ÷ָ⹻ջߡ
֮˾۵ɽ´һЦЩͬĵɽѩһʱһž·亹͸ʪ͡ʵطҲûӸǰɻߣ
ҡҡͷ԰գ̲סЦ



·ߣоա˰գۼͷбƹ壬µɽǧ̶ߡ
ҹֵ¶ˣѩʰḷ̌һѻſ𣬼ÿġС¡⣬ѩСʵǰһ྿ʲô˲õĶô͵һأ
ȵ֣Ҳ֪˶Թ̲סġδֵܳѪͳ˷Ҷĳ൨սʿ鴾ӵİգϲǣʱ˿ȴ֪ʲô̬Դĸˡ
￴һۣȥұȥˡ
ˣѩ⣬㲻ҩʦȵ𣿡
̧һޱͷ뿪ҩʦʱʦ˵ί̤̤ʵʵҽҲáʱҲŲʮ꣬ڼѧɣһųͷʦ⣬һʮվǹʦ
˵ƽȴ˵꣬ѩڶʱһѹҩʦȵͽܶҪҽ֮꣬ǳȿҽǻعϰҽƾԸ󲻳ǰĲ﾿ô;ʶǸô궼һҩʦȡ
ǻҾǸҽЩڹķҲˮƽб¸˴򽻵
ѩ
Ͳܸ˵͵ҭ䡣
ҽʱʶҵһɷǸš˵ǻúأҽһ˵ˣҽݿңúûң˵ҲȢʱСĶЩÿûŪסΪԼ˵úܣһȾˡ
ʦʵ֮عȵġ֮һعȼʦһҪԼҽݡʦ֪ŵĴڣֲңȥˡ
֮ҿҽݹӦԡҩʦõģʦҪǿʱˣԹԣ˵ҽѾߵӦԲ˳Ѱٵ·ҲûǮû·Ƣ汩꣬Ҷ
ѩߣʱдûҾˣҪ
Ҽ뿪ҩʦȣ˺ӣ㲻뿪ҵʱȷҲǱż޼漦޹湷ģ룬ҩʦȣʦֵܽãҲ֪޶ʲôġֻ֪Ǳһӵ¡ǻҴճһ̣ҶСû˸סֱһΣ˾ƣȭߣҵȣһӣȥɱѰһǮ˼ҵĹ֮׿ڶ˵ġ˵Ҳɱ㽫ҺҶȢһţӡ
ֱ磡ѩʹŶˣ
ɱһһ٣ҹò񵶸ǻƭҡҡҡҶţ˵ɣÿһҩʦȵ˶ᣬҪΪˣҶţһ顢һ
ƽѩȴô˸սһ˿ĿȣһѹͣʹһɳƵݣ뵽еĳ޵С
ɱ֮ҾʹҶӡûعȣ±ٸȥշת㵽ҶǡʶԼķŵѩͣһֱָƽֽҴźӲֻʳӣֱɵĵӳ˲лɱ˷ֱȥʱֻѺи˼ңȻһ֮һϯң˻ȥͷ
û˫۾ϸ䣬һ۾ܰ˿͸ʱҲǸͨıʿϳ¸Щ鹤Ѱųͷ˵صĻᣬһûˣʿ֣СҲϡ顣
Ůѣĸ׸סŻȥȱŻں벻ȥѣȴ塣㵣塣ôôĺˮǸʿӱ߾жؿñ֣һͷˮȥ
ͤеĺӴ磬۵ؿ޳Ž־˻߬Ǹ˽ůǺӵĿһѰĲ̲סʧʹޡ
Ϊ仰ˣ֮󣬽ҩʦȲŶһطˡʱƴ䣬Ȼ٣Ҳͱ˵ʲôԼϰٵķϻӲо˵ӲС˵˵ţ͹俪ʼѵѩ
޸Ǹ˭ΪԵףѩѵʱػ⡣
ĬȻ
ѩĵصļƣ˵ȥԵףȥ˵ɽ𺣣಻ܾǻԭԺڷ֪֮٣Ҫ֪ǱߵҲֻôһ취ԭֻҪڷ֮͢Ĺϵɣһࡣⶾҩ֮Чô˵ɣ̶ѩѿͽҶ¥סһһסͷһҽ֮һ࣬ʵ᲻ã˻
ѩһʱ޻λǰڳ˵ĵ¹ۺֱ׳ĳ̶ȣòǵѡ񣬸οûʲôøУ͵ݣʵ㲻ʲôʵˣǻǸûΪûǸʲôǧ¥㣿
غһΪûҵŵĸˣǰŽ˺׷ˡ
أף£ǻǲǺԳЦЦô˵ģҺΪء˰ͲܶκڴԭҾ͸뵽Ǹġֻʲ
ѩмڴɫѰͬѩն֯и¶ĸУ˳ͬصͷЩӲˡ
ʲôӲŲŵġѩû⵽ϣеʧֵƾʲôԹأЩ꣬Ҽϴһֱ׵ҲûãִСʱһʼ֪ôҴ˵Ҵ̵üã޽ٵؽĸ׺ͬĸ츸ĵܵܡݽ棬ҳˣִֵܺδҳŵʲôƾʲôҪأ
Ļʧ䣬ѩͷһص£֮࣬ʵòϸع۲ȥеϵŮˣĥõʧ֮ѲйʣҲڴн۵Ծ֧֮˵ľ
İοǰԺһԹһֲԹģ֪Ӻ˵
ˣȻҲŮϲ𣿡ﰵ롣

Ѱҩ

ʵƹ壬·߶ˣڶ˱ˮȥǧ̶֮ǰҩµСӣ򡢲ܶ˽⿪ӣƵһһ԰ȥǼţһȤζ
ѩѰ˼ţˣɴԼһЩ̶ѩѿȥֳɵҩмڲ࣬ʡǮ˲ٱ̶ѩѿ¡֣ʵ֮ǰҾ;̶֣ѩѿ֮ҩôҩҪٲôࣿ
뵽ǰҹԼøѩʵ棺һزҪ̶ѩѿҩ
ھҩʦȹϵôãֱ͵ҩʦȲˣ˵̶ѩѿǽⶾ֮ĪҪƭң²ʲô涾ɣ
˵涾˷ܵ۷Ź⡣ԹҽּңʹҩʦȣһʦֵҲиԼרعβʥ֣򰮶ɳգôñ֣ţĦȭƣǵʸɡ
ѩжҲعΪ֪еʲôֳЩ͵ʱҲãһд궼ģȫ̶ѩѿš
ƲƲ죬Сʦβһ۽ⶾһǲЩôҸ϶һ꣬ҽǸʲô
ѩԥˡ
伣ôЩ꣬˶֪֮٣ԼҶҼλˣѾû˼ǵøʽôһλŹ¡
Ҷ䱳Ÿ´ʱһϢҶƣս´ӻʹӳ¾Ͷˡһ·໤;ҽҩƶƥŽ´
ǡ£Σֻû֪Ǻʱжʲô;ͬҽ˲ͬҩϢϡعΣֻÿһܷӣ֢Բ֣ǿȻһô
֪ǰҲ֪òõλѵݡ𻰣̽ʲôô̶ѩѿң֧ô꣬Ҳλ˲
Ǽɡѩšתһ룬׷ʵǰ֪ʲô˲õĶҩ¶ɫ֮䡪ǸѺСģҲ벻ͨʲôʱеĶӦ֮еĶҩҩҪõ̶ѩѿģ
Ǻεȴ֮ˣߵýʵ˵λ֮󣿡
ѩĬϡǴˣû׷ʣȴɿת
ҪʹѾʮˡ˵ƾҶһ֧ҶǣǶȻסһһֵĽҶԾֵܣ˵ʲôҲԸҶ͸½ʹͻȻ룬С㿴ʼŹ¹ϵסѩȸʼŹ£û׼ÿԵõʹ
ˣβ˵¸ɵò٣ɱԽҲûǷǹ۲Գ˹֮һֱ֮ԸΪԸ֮Ϊ룬ʱ˿Ļõһ·ϸѩϵǢֻǡ˸ʹҲһ׮¡ţв֪
ѩ֪ô࣬ͷǰҵҶ¥ǻԭ·㻹֧ŵȥ𣿡
һ£ʱζȸ鲻һʱͷ־ѩ˼һ£˵һ·ЩǱߵҩũߵöЩǿ·ʱҩݲɵòˣӦòʲô·ˡ
ؿ˰ղָ·ǰУһת䣬ˮ죬ʪůͻǰȻʣֻɽ֮ľïʢѣǸƵͱڣ˿˿Ƶش©ɽĶ
ѩ۾ͷǰ𣿡
ﴦʻȴ˼֪´ǲѾҩ˹ȣ;ûǵټѩȪһɽһСƵķضѡ
ǰ㿴ǷĹѩ
ֲ֣ʲô֮·գҩũѵҪȥɡ
ӦÿҩҩũʱмͬǰˣЩСС߻Щ롢ӡݱεøɸɾȴССİ׻֯ɵСڶˡȻ˶ãƬֻᱻݸǣֻһһڣЩӼҩʱ˳һľơ
̶ѩѿͳɽϣڻѹ϶ɲõˡָ˹ȣҲצţھȥժҩݡйȻѣͨҩũǺΣյģвӸߴˤ¡
ѩĿɽջأʵҶ¥ʲôȥѰ
ָȪӵתΪĽ紦ֲϡ裬ȴмϡϡһһõسţͦΡҶ¥Ǳϣɫɫıǡ
ѩӦһһ㣬˱ƮƮط˳ȥŻЩӯֻϧӼһ̴ۼ߰ߣͷֻӡ
Ǵ֦ҶïӯӯºôһƬѩǰһɣ˱ٿشȥᲦ֦ɣѰһƬ֮еİɫ
֦Ҷ˶Ӱһûɿֻ֦һɫ
ϾӦѩվʲôġĶ󣬱¿ȥֻ糤Сߣ̣ͨ˻˻ͷƸӡŮʮа˸ѩ໵һУһ˱͵˦ֱ
С߻ûȣһ˦˦Զһͷײڵ϶áϸϽһԶԼԳһɣ̦޺ף򳤼ĢϣС߻ͿΪʳϣ䶯䶯ɫѩһʼû壬ʱһ˵Ҳиġ
ﲻߣ첽ǰһѽ߱ѩ˦ûˤֻײԴ˿̱סҪڰŤССӡ
ǰʲôߣŹև˵ģѩ¡ȻСߣֻϵ߷׷δڣεһЩԹû
ҩߡȫȫǡ񵽱ɫ˿ûעѩŤ飬ԶҶ¥ȡҺȴǽⶾĺҩˣǲǣ
дžϲ·ץĲ߶ӣһѩͷƤ飬о£˿ֶܲкΡСԡ
ߣǵҧҧӻͳ̵ֲԼڵһȣʹһġ̤ơһҡ
ѧˣʮʮľѡϸԶһ֦΢һ֦ҡڣ·ϵһƬҶӣûоҩߣ̶۾Ѱ

ͬȥͬ

ֻмãѩϸϸǰȴһʱÿѰһı³һ֡һΣؿ֪οڡ
ǰ˫֣˼Σ˵ֻҡҡͷ
飬ˡ֣˺һȻЦ˰ˣʱҲҲͻȻۿһ졣
ȴ԰Աһȫ˩ϣǧᣬҪҪסѩʹֻʱ˿̵֪ǿʤ֮ġҡҡڰڵĴ⣬һ붪ûˡ
ͷҩŻϣѩ˵úӣΪһˡ߰ɣǻȥ
ǰͳᣬﺬᣬ˫ӯӯģȻͷ㲣ʱ˿ȴԳһ顣ʱǷ˴ԼŮӣֻǾµĥѣűǰϿ̱ĸˡ
ѩǳ۵һ޳һס״εǰżһñ̶ѩѿһ£̶ѩѿҩɣȻһ󣬵Ͼ֢ҪϵҵҶ¥գ֪Ҫ϶á
ΪѰҩ׽⣬ٶһ治֪ȥҸı̶ѩѿ죬ҲֻӲͷƤ˵һȥñ̶ѩѿ㣬㲻˵ⶫ㲻ȫ֢һʱѹƶҲǺܺõôȻȥعѾһˡ
ｫ޽Ǻʪͷڶ󣬻ҵȲʱ㲻Ҫѹ춨ʮǰȴʮ꣬»ˣһҪң˭κأ
ִҪϻҶǣѩָֻķȡɽ·ɶͣȴ·˳̹öࡣ˴գͷ߳亹ֿʼ졣
֪ѩϽӻͳʣһ̶ѩѿݸǰ̣ҹ·ܵҶǡ̲סʣһܴǡ
˵΢΢𣬺ȻסĻж︣Ҷģʲôÿ޵ģ̾˿ڣΨһźһѧҲûСˣдһҶȥʵûȤתعҲҶʦˡ
һ˵ţһ߽ǵڶñ̶ѩѿҶһƬһƬϸС̶ѩѿһ߰ƬҶӣϸҶƬС˵ֲЩʧɫѩԭǴȫҶȥģֻҶǻҵҩ̣׼ȶԣֲɾٶЩû뵽Ȼ˾˵ó
һԵؽǱ̶ѩѿ£Ъһʵ㣬̶ѩѿΪλ׼ģ
ѩæǡ
ҩжˣ
ѩ΢΢üжʮˣ깬һЩǲأͳľͲˣһѸҩ벻ˣҲŽ¡Ҳ¶ɡ
΢΢ü꣬һֱͬһҩô
ѩǣһʼǵƴյҩõö࣬ҲղǰѰҩ̣ҾֱӸҩһҩũѩѿȫҡ
ﳤ̾⺢ӣǺõģֻϧôƭҲ֪˶٣ƺô˵ίһЩ̶ѩѿǽֹ׵Ľⶾҩһô࣬Щٶˣʲôȥҩɵӣ̶ѩѿǸ硱
ѩһ㶣ʲôǶ磿
ҩѾҩһ飬Ȼַɵҩ㡣ҩ㵹ҲˣֻЩ硱ҩñĶݹȥðܽݵġǰܽسû־ʮĸоʵǽͿ˵ӣλѳı̶ѩѿҩֻһջһգ벻ҩ
һѩ׺䶥Ƕһ룬λزãŶ촽ʵ˵ʲô
￴ӣΪ̡̾˵ƭжιҵģʱԹ˲Ͼûҩ죬һŷԡûζЩͬ𣿡
ѩֻĸζһʹ˼ãȻ뽫Ļƴһ𣬵ӿտյֻ˳ûУִò̶ѩѿҩʲôζ
̥ǳСϸĵڼһûʲôʹòҩġҲ⼸ĴΪѰҩ΢Щȴûϸ΢˼ҵĵ
ˣ֪ھѹ߰գһջȥ˵ٸСʦдţзӡ԰ǰȥⰢܽЧǿº˾ǣʱ˦ѩ֣Լǰߡ
ԽˣԽѩÿϧ֪֮ܽЧϾã֮˶ʱ֮ڻкתʵֻԽԽ쳤վãֻ¼ҽҲŤתλѵ״
سѩߴߴֻһǰߡʱŲﲻòϢҲͷ˫ϥ֮һԲ￴κȰ֮ãֻȥس·Ҳÿ˲ʶСһ·ܣҲδʲôˣ·ϼѲҩ˲ҪƲ񵶷תգתɽصɺӵĵط
ڣ˩ںӱ߰˽ͤԣиæտûޣΧոշĹľһ㣬˿̲ͷǰŲ˸ǣͷ߽ˡ
ѩ⿪תͷһһͷüɢ
һֻͻȻӹľ߬סĽīѩʶǰһߣӹľקòɲҲһƬǵʱһɺӲҩĳ´ۡ
ۼֿ죬һƾͽѩƿ¶ų´۴ȥ´һץľ˫Ŀɴ󣬸Եݸ죬ȴʲôһ߳ɰԶʱû
ʲѩû˵ͽ͡ס־弸ûǹҲ˵ġŨҵڿƮ֮ǰȥҩҩũ˵صڹľУ״ɲǹľʢöǡ
ҩũǴδľʢŨΪʲôϡƷ֣ǰ̽˶ܣųӡ
һһһ׳ζʱһ̱ǵζήȥһҲɨһߣˣЩʲô
һӭ߹ɽɽ΢΢Ʈţɷ֮⣬ѩ΢΢ЦС㡣˵תþòޡ



ʧѩĵĲֹҶһѰ˲ţ׳ͩյǫʱȫԵı꣬Ű˺üޣ˫ȫѪ˿ǶһƤ
Ĳ£͸ٶЩֳңżʲôá÷˪ת̲סڵ
ǱߴϢ˵˳ȥɽˡⲻѾĪẮȥôϢôˡ׳ͩ§ס𣬵ֲܳ÷˪ֻóŲڸǰѩׯվ͵ҿô
÷˪ӻʱʵ̲סüزҪ㡣ƵƵûˣԼôȥңĪẮȥң
ôȥһ̯¶һô׳ͩüģҪѡѩͷȥĪẮȥҲã÷÷ЩҲ̫ǰ棬ѩ㡭ô
׳ͩȻзˣȻܵиĪẮڳĥĥ졣ֱѩʼûŰҶ˵һ·ɽȥ
ѩһĻ˵ʵڵģˣ˭ȥҲ֮ǰ׳ͩ˵
Ѱѩ׳ͩǻŵģֻǻлЩĲɡĪẮȴ΢ЦȻͷıǡ
ȥǺݣֻѩףڡҶ֮һŸҶ䱨ųƣѩеĻһ긾ˡʣ긾˾طˡ
֪ѩһҶŵˣĪẮˡǸ̩ɽǰŲˣûǿҵΣոУûܴⲻŲæĽࡣѩΪʲô𣬰ѵھֻŵŲٺ
ѩѹֵûţ֪ģδܵøƵģԲŴŵȥðաʱԼׯ̰̿ĵѩһһѾˣԸ⵱ʵŷˮĴ硣
һоˣסӱߣѩ붾ȶţѩ㣬ܾԼӦþͻύꡭʮ
غһþòĸƨ˵ǰȥҡһѾûˣңҲٸ䲻
ȲмһҲǿòݰˣҽɲΪ˴¡
ΣĶԹڴ˽ǡ
ȸɰͰ͵ЦţȻҪߣյÿգȥҶӻȥλС㣬Ҳòһˡ
δ䣬ѩͬʱ֡
ѩϸۿۣԼǧȻ̵ֻ꣬ʵʵڵĹˡöҶ֮ǰ˵˹򲢲ߣǴ䲻⣬û׼ܵһ
һڡҶ˵ġߡġߡȻһΡձ󣬡书ߡĶɱֱǿࡣһ֣óԷοȣԼṦһǿ϶Էˡ
гǱ߲ｫƲû磬һһңм䡣ȱϾǺɲŵɱ֣л֮£ŲڣѰÿյһ޷ǳͨںڣϸСצ⹳ǰһ£ᱻ˺ȥһƤ⡣
ѵСޣ
Ҳûãר˶˵ӲһסԳ齫һʱ䣬ѩĽƾͱǱߵüΪԵֻಱӳ鶯ȻһźӰ
ӦУȱıѪ£¹ôߣʱҲײϡȭʦ
ȻѩѪ£ȴûṦڣŲڵҲţһ߲һ㣬עǺĲõģ֧Լֻаķݣսپ
ĥ־˯˸ͷԷһֿͦӰֱ˹ȥ
ﾪһСģж
ϾǶɱ֣ô׾¶ۼһ㲻㣬ЮžĹƱѩĽ죬ѩ嵽·òùݵһƣųֻûüУԷֳޱָ˫ֽ棬Ӳ
ѩУ֧穣ԽռԽСǱܲˣҧӽͼƷ˺һӣ֪ܲ˼Ʒܣյֱؿڶȥһ죬һӰԼǰȻˤ˳ȥǰ棬Ӳһơ
ǰѩһ˹ȥֻɫҰֽǰȥع飬Ѫĭϵش˱ޣǰӸµؿŲҲЦɱ檡Яӳʱǰģ塣ҲøһȥޣҲ
û˵꣬ѩӵϵݺݵͷ¡ЩϰǼҴĺʱȴǸҶŭ֮ʱŽˣӺֱײϵ־ܣһ죬ޱٶչֱȡĿڡ
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ڲ֣࣬ĪẮˡ
ǵ֮޷һס֪ԼǶ֣ɴƲѩһѳＲˡѩãһֻô
ﴹͷϢ٣Ī˼ɵЮŲȻһǰЦããҾ˵ΪҪӻҶǣµҲǿ԰ɣ㿴ô˹ϧǲرϲţ
³һ޶ͷ̧ͷѩžѹűŭŤµѪĭ˳ŲӽʪѣɲȻ䣬Ȼۣ˫ⱬ䣬ʹϲδɣƴȫ׾һ
ȴһһƽ˳ȥﱻһƣǰ̧ۿһѩͷ­δ䣬ԥس񵶣Լ￳ȥѩǾ䡰ס֡δֻѪɽζ˺һͣ˹ȥȻǳˡ
Ƴͬʱһһϸţë롣ĪẮ״æӽǰ˵ǧһһİɶɱ󣬵˶ȣȻصöࡣⶾΪЫβһϸմʪӻ꣬ײڽϾ졣ҵĪẮֿ죬ѩͲ֮ǰճܵؽһһ¡
Ѫʪأѩ֮󣬽Լһ룬ֻʣƤعţǸɴ䣬ϻһ˿Ц⡣
֮⣬Ҳôһ漴㷴ӦԼĴ˿̾ŭӣκβˣһЦŤͷ䣬㲻Ӱ

ʹ

ԽӽҶǣҶԽסѺߵķɸ봫ȴǸһ⡣۳žҶֻʣһų̣ӵϢȴѩδǡ
ƶѩǱɽȥˡ֮⣬ﻹʲôطһͻȻʧ׳ͩװ·֪ׯڡ
㿴ׯжذ׳ͩˡһ·ֻҪھֻѩйص£һ붼ǡЩͩȥǡ׵̩ǳײѩ׵ֻܡúúáǡӦš
һ׵̩ȤԺҶ˷ׯٲܡͩһļͷæ׵ʱ䶼ûУٵȥƵƵҪϹˡģöൣŵ㣬СЩʱ䰡
Ҷھֻ岻֪סġ׵̩ɿԼһۣȴȻ
أղּǸǰŵġٽҶǳţҶѰ಻סԴ֪ͨ׼ΪɣӼУԼղ壬һһȽǣֱȥҪȷѩ׻ûУԱԲߡ
ÿסֻܿû취һδս֮ȥϺȥԱʿʱϾ˵һɢɳʲôҹ£ǣվסȻϹҪԸͷ༸ҲáھȴüƣΪҪĶ̵µھ֣ҶǻŤתǬ
Ҷǰֻ£һʱھֵĴСؽʧ٣һгıǰæ
Ҷǿѹ飬ȥ֪ѩѾһҶǣ㾶ֱȥ
ȣؼȻͰֻѩʬʹޡԼʮΨһһʧʹޣΪһֻʶ졢ƿڴˡ
һ·ϱŵĵǡûڡھΡǧսɽȴûҵҩľŵȴδɵľɥԼδüѯʸ²ģ˿ˮһ㣬ڳıͲʵĵ̰ӡ
ĪẮԱ߾վţһԲãˣ̧ͷĨᣬϵѪȫĨϣһڵġġ׵Ļһ𣬻ֿ
߰ɡ̵˵ĪẮʬ壬طֻʣһЩƤŵͷ­˺ʬ̧
ϻвΪʩŵһŨϢǺ۾ۡĪẮ˿Ϊ⣬أǣڳϡ̶֪̱֮䣬һĲҶǱ۶ȥ
ȥҶѩ
ĪẮҲûصھסһǱŲʬףȥýֱ͡Ҷ䴦
֪ѩˣҶ϶һֻСĲ״˴һһƣѩϥڳѪգֻ۾ˣ߳һʬ壬ͷһߣõطˡ
ʧǵشӳ̧ۼϣ̲סֹһŻϳ׹
Ұͷ­㡣ѩ촽ֻһ䣬Ҳ˵Ļ
еϣϣ˵Щʲôһʬ壬ѸٵطӣŮѩźϴŻ˽طʬ̧Ȼ֪ͨܳϲǫֵܡ
ɣɫδ䡣
ҶѻظʱѩʰͣսС꽲𣬽˴ɽȡƣͼģٱˣֻɤǿ
üͷ¹գ˵Ҫһ࣬˵һಢҪҪĵʲôС㣬ɻ˵ʲô£
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ƽԴȴǼ̵ġղȥҲ㲡ҶϤֱ飬ǴӶ޳ϻĺǳ顣ľȻȻȻȥ޻֣֪ԼӮˡˣɱʱѪ˿ڵʹУŻһػȻ֮ģһεۺͿ顣
һֱûҶˣҶȥ֪ͨھ֣˵СҵˡȻתѩׯˣӦøսǡ
˶٣Ǿѩʱ״̬ʵڲѣַԸ˵ĪӺСţһʱ˶˼ھִʱæСһձɳͻȥ
ҶתߣҲ˳ϯʱҲδߣǰҲûע⵽żİͷ̨Ϲȥ
ҶһѲסˤʱֳŵأƲһƤȴ޸һ㣬վ˦Ҷѵ֣һһطŲȥ
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Ҷ֪£ѵ֪
е׷ȴʼղǰһҲôףĬĬءԶվûȥһ˿һĻӦ
ֱŽ׷˸ƿǧ¥űߡ
ֱܳսʧȥһȣŶӵĶ֫޵øγϡȴֻһòܳϽӰǣһȵľˣ˳ӣʲôأ
ֱ˫е۾Զϡ
׮׮ʣǷ
һʧǣָؿϣҪֶָϡ첻³һ˫ѩз֮ɫֻһ䣬һ
⣻ڻһ
Ҳɫĸ裬Ӻ˯ˣ򿪷ţ̧££ͷȻһЦͷҲص˳ȥȥȥǸ˭û̽ϸɱ֯
ûаǸмΣܻеġгһջᲹοгһաƵҶƽ֮󡪡ʵҲû׸ʲô
ûһ쵽ȥһ硣
ǧ˼ѹһ侲ʿѹ塣ڴڴоԼҪϢͷһؾãԼǸʮˡ
һֱҶش´˫֣𡣡ؼҡ
ʧֻ̬һ˲һ䡰ԻععͷʧؿҶһƵĳкôͳ͡ͳ컹ȥĲ°ɡ

Ů

ղһеҶǳʱܽѴ˺Ŷʱߵ֮׵ֱ̩ھסĵط
һݣ׳ͩ÷˪ӭ÷÷⼸ˡæغݺúϢ졣ЦǺǵذݸ׳ͩܲѩʣƵƵأѾͷԽûأû֪ҽô
׳ͩһᣬ壬ѩܶˡȴ˵ҶĴͳˡ
Ҷ·ûüʹǰһ㹧ׯҹãдš
֪ҵˣ׳ͩŵı㵱ڶֻҶѵǷ֮ġСȥͣʶӽĪӺʹСԷ˱ް֪¹˵һġմСˣһ׼ͻ
üͷ΢壬ϿͷģѾͷܵ߶ţû鷳תͷ׳зԸھȥӻһңɺͳ죬Ҳ̫ˡ
׳ͩԲΥһҶͬȥȥˡһ·޻ٽʱ׳ͩԥԥؿʵѩˣ
ڻãһҶѸԼӡ
׳ͩʧɫӣ˭˵ģô
Ҷѣ
ĬĬ룬ѩӣҲӣŻôǸ
˵㵽ĪẮѾˣҶʰÿͷȰѩһڶ쾫Ժٻȥѩ϶岻ޣɴڻȡҶһӰŮԼ鷿ȥˡ
˽ݣѩѾ˯ˡŮĵس˽𣬸Զϵ֡߻谵ϴһʵӰ
׳ͩͷѩãؼˡѩһ£ûƣ̫ã˯ü׳ͩԥһ£ᱧ𣬳Ҷһͷлͳ죬Ҵȥˡ
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ԶȥӰø첲ײײҶѣϴ󣬱ˣ˼ˡ
ҶǼ⣬üô𣿡
Ӱ죺Ͳ׷˳ˡ
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ѩͷ΢΢˱䣬˳ǡ
ھʦöŵʱһŮԾ˷׮㣬Լͬ缸³С誣ѩҲû档
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װ˹ԣѩ˳䣬ѣĵسš
类ϣ֪ΪΣӰĺȴûз⣬ڶŴڣڵȺ塣ѩԥһ£ὣӺŽ
ĸɱֵʬѱʰȥֻʵ߰һաϵѪڣɢССľõǧĺۼ
һٶнŲȴûʵشǰŶŲһ٣ֻ˹˺˷ŽҶѡ
һڵھſڶţԸ£ֻҪһѩű档˰磬±˵ѩû󰭣ӵسšû׼ûҶѱϽƨƨ߳
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ѩһΪҲȣҪȾȥǧ¥ȡ
ҶѵЦϡ֪Ϊ֮ǰǧ¥һĻڻֻ书һ䳡һֺõĿ̳Ϸѩǰ治ȣ̳ĪЦǲܴרҴġл㽫
ѩŤͷʶǣһΪˡ
ֵ£ӹһڣֵݸҶѡҶѿЦãѧһڵ˵Щ治Ǹҹ㰡
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ҶѵǴҹѧûöɶƽŮ˭ѧѧЩ
ѩüҲǡѧѧҹЩ߻Ů飬ѧЩҲҹһФͷʲôˣʲôַӽЩǿǳŴģȴûôò
ŮʲôͷҶѡ
ûģôϣĸ֮ý֮ԡ
ѩм˵ú񽭺Ůӳ׶踸ĸ׿һ㡣˵ɣָһָɷԼѡİɣͱý֮ԺŮ֮⣬˵ҲֻϧŮΪԼǸ
˲ԼͬسĬˡΣѩʵ֪ʲô𣿡
ţҶһʱûӦ
طˡвޡѩһһҩʦµӣعʦ㡣ȥܶطǸõҩʦȽϲ˽ʲôطˡ
һֺþƣĪЦһ̳ƿʱҶǴһʤ̡ӭսʿǹʱڳ˰̳Ϊǽӷ硣ҶѴĻӵھеҽװͰ͵ģеֵǶҶǷɳ䣬˵гһնҪӻݿļ硣ˣ˭ˣΪ˾ʱ˵ҩݣӼÿ𲡵İա
ҶѺȵһھƣƵƵǡңгҲ顣

Ѱ

ѩȾ̳¶ǣգ۾ʱһʵˮһжȲҶһƵƵ𶯣һѩ죬Ҳٿغһ
ҵһָǽǿŤת⣺ĻҲûҪҵĲһ࣬ʲôأܴǶ֪ĻزһѶС
һбҶѿѩûзôУﲻɫֿ˻ȣҶѼþգùͷҪըëǱǳӵ˳ָŤת˻⣬Ҿ˵СϬһͨⶼ뵽һȥɣʲô
Сϸϸط緽֮䣬ΰʣư裬Ҳ졣һ߷һ죬Ҷѵ㻹ţ
ѩĵطŤһмı顣ʲôġ￴ȥˡ˰ۣȱٷΡ
ҶЦһ㣬ıʿױңҶֵطһǧˡ
ұȣȲšѩѻͷ˻ȥ˵ú˽ƵģҸɲ
Ҷֱֱ˵һͺ˵λĴС㡣
ѩشƨǰʮҾûԶţ˵
Ȼǳ˵ġҶѴϳʱӲֵ۶ôӼܡǻѾҶˣҲȥΣ˵㡣һ٣ʱӦûǸСޡ
ѩӡһʼҶ䣬΢ʱҶҶǣֵ۶Ҷ䣬³סҶܡ
ʱϵкã۶ֲԶȵҲͶһֻ۱һֻۣһʽǰؾְϾֺǺǵ´Ȥøʽ괺˵ʲôҲҶŰꡣ
ѩǵãֱ壬Ҷһ꣬ĥĥˮһһ룬ĳһһ̣Ӳǵȵ˸ʽŸҴš
ﵱĹ岻ݴǣϸҲͯΪȤֻиˣҶܵòЩֻˣ˶ϡٵĴլŲôġ
ҶȥΣҲŰݷãϾʮ̸꣬ʲô顣ּŸ衢Ҷһϵ£ȻվվҶһߡ
Ŵԣе棬ֲֳںӣװʵҸֲ죬˵ʲô
ҶԭǡѾͷɣֻϧȥ磬Ҳû飬ػ͸ʹͷҶ߾ʹ˸ۣ˵ǸСƨ棬֪ڶƨɺͷ
û䣬ѩ˳ʰ룬һҹȥҶ׼ЦŶ㿪ϻ⻰ţǸ὿СɣŲһСզֺ֪Ӵ
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Ҷѱߵһ˫ϥأĵҴҴˣСֺأǱǵϸӺá
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ܳϻŻŵذĿתСٻֻСٻߵѩǰ֣صһСԸ



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ֵܶһۣǫ̵еģʲôҽ顣
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ǫѩǰһֱд飬ֵܶһֱΪдҽ飬ֱȥʱŷ֣ڱ׫ľȻһȫ
ǫԥһǱûüд齻ѩСȤȥˣֻⲻʲô顣˵ֵܶҽѧͶضڰ׷ʶоҽǾ˵ģоǺ˵ġէһ֪ĸǰоĶЩֵܶһʱЩԽܣǲҴ˼졣
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⻰ֻûӵһ䡣ţֵܶ˲㽭ˣβҲӽЩеûģȲ伣˺ܶꡪµͷҪΪǰġǧ桱ǶȻ벻˵ġ
ܳϵıһ˲΢ı仯ת۾ͻָƽѩ׽һ˲ı仯û˵ȿڴܵͷܴʲô飬֪Բԣ˵Բ˵ºŪҡ
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ѩĺľ̻һը˸컨
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תݣĬĬطǱ
˹ţ׷ˣ罫˼Щпɲȵ˺ϡɽϣĻѹͷ˵·ðܽҲˣδټӳ񫣬͵ҩʦҲǸҡͷĲˡ
֪ģ֮ӲƳһĲģһ뷨ĻҪ취ҵ֢ҩѸ´ӿճ־õĥ̳

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һƺƴؿУǿŹʮ󣬾ֻʹرաҶǵļ̺㬵ʰظһһأߵǵھֵڣ⼸岢µͷһУҪҪӦ̺ŵƹǣҪѡˡ
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רһҲĶ̴򡪡ûҹ£ƽ䲻̣ҲְɫѣʣֻҲɫҹɫǼõġ
ҶǾһӲĵı߳ǡפóڶ࣬˳òǴЩÿʮ嵽ʮߣЩﲻ۵ͨˣԼҶԼҲãҲգпŵһ׷Ϣ챦
еʱѩˡ
ӵ񱻿ƮǳƵ˽ζȴŨҵġго㡢֬㡢㡢ˮ㣬һֲг̯ƵĸζĳͳζȮɧζüͷϿڱǣûоڲӺŵһưܡªİС
ЩûĪẮһĪẮ֣֪Լֵطû׼һ߶ֲԸҶѣǰҶѴȲȣҶǱ֪Щʲôӣȴ͸¶һ֡ѩŵʶ࣬˼ҲԸ˵ģʡ
֪ǣҶѼûǧ¥˶ҲûҶңڰ
ˮյͨϣССһ䷿ڵҶ쵽˸첲ϣ¯𣬾۾µһ
˻̾һϸŹĺɫƤһ鵭İ̺ۡ
˵ѾˡΪ֯Ĳһ̶ûСԱߵĳಲ̲סڣΪؿҶһۣƤ𣿺֮ߣ׺ݲб˺۶ģ͵衣
ҶͷҲû̧¡ֲǲǮ
ҡҡͷ˵οࣿбذԼԼؼĲλģǵӵ£ٲ٣
ҶЦ߾ƺһڣݸˡ̻ͽܶʦҪαػǮ㡣ǰһŰذ׵ѺãδУɭɭĺѾھɵ֮ϡǿȥǱ߳ǹǳõһַСذףıʻδ깤һһ飬ͲһźƤ
߹ҶѵĳƷ¯ֻһ˰̹ᴩظֲִٷһ㡣ǿƤȻһµɡϻҪװ𣿡
ҶæصͷһָǣСʢ˼̶Сӣſİ׵Ĺâ
⻨ӡŪɣ˷ôõĲϣŪ˾ıаɣ˭ͷԵĶǸģھŮӣ
Ҷһ㶣漴ʵ˵ǣһ۾ϣһϼéǲǶŶ壿
Цһ۾أĲֹһͣһ£˵Խע۾Խࡣ˵ŮӶ˰ɣ
ҶѲÿɷһ
˺ٺЦСӣһ˵˹ȣе͡ǽǲڡ
Ҷõģ˵׳ͩãô˵̲סԴסֲǵʲôҪ˰ˣ˭Ƶġòǰɣ򼸸ëҲ˲ˣʲôë
˵ͻȻʲôƵһ䣺Ϊʲôǧ浶ţʶ㣬ϵǧ浶
ȻǹȲȣȻҶǵֻ֪Ҷ⻰Ȳȱ΢΢һ˿ʶƨҶء
Ҷûĵ⣬ǧȥʲô˭Ҷǣ
˭ҲûȲɫһתͷȥŪߡ
ǧĵʮһҲƽõһҶǶʮ꣬ǧʶʮ꣬óãֵʸӿڴѾˡ
ϵֺγϵ⡣ȲϸֳһЦı飬񳰷񰧵ǻСУʲôУͭҲǿ磬̫
һ˹˹Ҷ˵ζοֻ죬
еͷϷʼˡ
ȴ˵ѩԥһǿ˽ȥ˴ո˵ȫƾܵÿȡиΪļжһûĦ̷͹˿ͣҲû˹һָ۸ľ󡣰ﻹǼһͰķһǴСǸСɫҴңͣ
ѩ룬ֵһС
һȥеڣǸķ
ķûʲôϡ棬һȥһϰŤͷŵѩȥĽֳͰ͵ʣɡ𣿡
ûֻһ˲ǱֶĮȻתȥע龰ʶǵĵ¶ķץĵŹʱҲӡ
ѵҶǻֹ⵵£ҡҡͷ

У2

սѩŷ ľָƽҲ̫һ
ׯǸҵŮˣȫֻ¶棬һ룬һһؿŶֺһ㣬覣ֱ߶һӮĶ鱦ʲô滹һɴ£һ˫̲˿ףһģĽϻ
ɴϺõĻףޣһ㵶͸̲˿ѵõķ֮Ҳգϱ̲˿ףȡɺ޹ǡȻںȥ˵ǽϻҲǸ˲ׯҶǸӵĴ󺺣û˳룬ԲԸ뿪
ͻȻһΧ˾ֻһֵָҩ߲֪ԼѾ϶ڴ˯ҡͷβ
ѩͷƤһըĺ
˵
ѡ򵥵ĶķСΧ۵˷һغ󣡴󣡴ѩ̧ͷһߵӣСѰׯӮҲѹΧ۵˶ں󡱡
֪ģֱƫʱӿͷѩȺغС
ƫƫСͱȥͷѩ˵ʲô
ѩͲ˵ˡ
ĴС£ֻҪǧǸײ˵¶ΧһȦˣоǺģӦû˸ҳǧһ̤￪ʼԼ죬ֱôð˿ſڣţһĺ۵˵ˣԼʱϽ·ܡ
һ˵С
֡Ů˵öȴ˿飬
Ⱥһ̾˭Ҳû뵽һѾȻǡСӮˡ
ׯŮ˵ʰɡ
˽ҩԼĺһ㶲ʵ
ŹٲͤŮӴøɴ࣬˵ı飬ƺв̣һһظһ𰸣Ѿȥˡ
Χ˷һ͵͵̾ǵƮѩһ䣬ƺ˵˽ˣѰãÿ϶ӵȥʱӮˣõ𰸾ȥ׷Ѱǡǡÿζһô価Ҳƣȫ¾ʣôһߡ
Щؿˣֻ͵ҧأҧӶ͹þȫٶȷʵأ
ׯҲԣٶȰںӡ
һ£֪һˣ΢΢Цٶģվײײȥ
Ҳǣ޳Ҳ֪֪ǼµĴ𰸣ݻ֦ڣҲ޷ؼȶĽ֣֪벻֪ʲôֱأ
һʱ䣬ķģûׯҶϡѩߣֻׯ˵λŮһ𣿡
һΧֿʼ
ѩתеε˵ûʲôֵǮֻƱ
ׯŮһ̯֣һ𡣡
ѩĵЩǮأǲ֪ǮΪھһǮ󷽣һҲƽʱһµöȡʮ͹ССһءѸٵصһ£ؽ絽ֵֵùһµ㻨ǮƬ֮Ůɶ棬΢Цɡ
ﵱॵ죬ƽΧ۵˶סȴѩѡĲ˲ĳĬٴֱͣСɡ
һǡС˾̾ׯŮһһ˵Ůʲôʵģ
ԭľ챦Ӯ˾ʸ⣬˾͵ðѱȥѩﰵһûȴڳһӣһʵûʲôر֪ġ
ȺȻ׷Ե˸ĸˡ
ׯŮɣ۾ڵʡʵкܶʡΪʲôҶһҪѡھ֣µĶ˭µģô⣿ҪҵһൽǲҩʲôĶǿӵƵʲô
ǰʮеûҶһ¶࣬Ҳ˵ѩŶŮܻشЩ⣬һʣҲ֪ĸ
ׯҲټĶĿ͡һƣʲôԡŮģһӡ
ѩЦЦ˵ûʲôʵģǸ 
һָ̲˿סΧ𡪡ǶľֿͷһׯӮˡׯŮҲԥ̲˿Ƹȥ
ѩ£ҲлҪ뿪
ŮٶһΣׯŮɼͻȻڵ
ѩͷʲô
ĹŮǱׯŮɿڵ
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Цⲻɢǵɲֵһׯ˶⣬䲻Զˡ漴תһͣȥС飬þաûôĶԡ
ȥѩã̧ͷϾԲͰİҲûôˡһСӹȥеֱʯģҲɽͼȭ׽׵ģмСݣϡŹֵı
˿Ͷǽˣּۻۣѩȥ˼ֵĿеǷұе˼ԭ°װĶֻŰࡣѩﰵһȻ书Уʤڼҵ׺ʶ㣬ŰʤڻɣɴһηˣٵֻҪöࡣ
еĲľƮѩסŲӡһҩĵ̣ض𣬿һӣŸɫƷѩԭЩûʲôо⼸רж飬ȻҲϵһֶݡ
һƳȻп˰ܽء
ѩµ̧ͷʣб̶ѩѿ𣿡
̯ǸƤЩڵˣȥ˹˹ĵġشûѩѿƵİٶ顣Ůƿ
ٶ飬˼ٶҪɷ־ǹ׽ⶾҩ̶ѩѿҲ۸ߡѩ̯ݹİٶ飬ƿһ£áζôļҵģôˮ
̯ЦЦŮмңҲˣ󷢵ѩѿٶһƿϰǡ硱ȷȷʵʵҲҩʦƣ˲ⶾĺҩûˡ
ѩƤص¡ʲô
̯Ů֪ҩʦȵİٶɣõǽ󷨣ҩġۼҰٶ󷨣̶ѩѿڹҩˮģȻҩмϾ۸ˣԸһ㶾Ҳǲġ
ѩһĺʹϲɫ˻ҲҪ㻹罫Ƕңһؼһˣʳҩû׼ٶҩǿ
̯ЦŮ˵ʲôЦѩѿôó
ѩҪʣֻ죬صڰУƺһ㣬½½˴߳Űȥ

У3

죬̯ҩһ£ѩûҩƿŮ򣿲ҿҪȥϼˡ
ϼѩûԺظߣʮ֮󣬻ȻʡһžɵϷ̨ש߶òӣƫƫѸ⸱ưյ쳣ǽҹҹеͷϷ½½վϷ̨ǰĿյϣĻຮţѩվں棬ϺĶĻУ㡢ǱߵĴŷǻĹٻֱԼһٽưСǣȻǸܼ۵ĵط
͵һãһ٪վ̨̨ķϹĺƽ˷ƣС
һ˵죬ȲȴûҶѳվڴôûʲôҪҪģ
ȲҡҡͷػؾЩû˼
ҶѵҪͼѱžܳ꣬αؿÿ˴Щ߰Ķ
Ȳ˵СѰźһ飬ذ׾Ұ׸ˡ
٪Ϲ֮һѳһ첼¶һüƤĵͼ
ƽɽ񽣴ڴ˵أδ䣬λˣ롪
˽ѩ쳤һۣͷֱУûʲôȤܳ˵ı뿴˭ֶ
ȷϲһЩֲô̫ĽͣƺϲıʱЩ߰Ļ˽ľЩϲռĽͣ͸ϲŮ˵һȱʲôͼʲôʲôĸоϵΡ
кպĵӢŵδԼǷ켫ġʦĪẮݻĪẮݹҲʹеļƣ̧С۽硣
Ⱥ˿ʼۣܿ죬ŵͼͱ̧˰һӲٻ˻á
ȵģʼȺҵһ˵ϻģȴû˹˵Ҷ쳤ӵһƷĽ
ӪӪϽԱһ̾ѩһ飬Īе죬ͷȥȫڶѹ͵ñ¶һǰ
ţģģеӡ󣬾˺嵲ǸŮˣ嵲ҽҲ֪ǲǾǸŻһǡ
˲Բѩûüʣڶź첼ҿһԼɰѳĳ߿ڡżӲʯ
ղ콵λˣ롪٪峪
ȺЩ
ϾǽˣܽƱһûģؼ֮ľһ¶ֻҪϹӣܿǿ鼫õĲϣøý˾һ
ֻһϺǰŴӴûҪɡҿûʲôˡ
һŮҿҪ𣬽ն˼Σв˼Ա㡣ɡϿɵҳųųӡ
ǰŸɰͰ͵Ц£Ϸȴ֮лͷһСТΡ
˶ǸģһŻȺҲȥȻ־ڱصã۾˼˼˼֣顰콵ļ۸ȥ
ѩһʤߺȻһĵǧƵĻ˼Ρȷû뵽⿴ȥɰݡ߲һƨĳĬȻҲǺŲǵ
û̫࣬٪島˵첼һ鲼һʲôϣһƣֻһӣηηվһС
ѩһתߴŮˣȷ˾ǸԼ嵲ʦΪվŵģǸƽͷƼݵ嵲СŮ
ͨȥδʶףԦˮ嵲ȸūλˣĻƻСŮ롣
ѩҲм۵
Ⱥ˳Ծػͷһʱ䣬ѩƺе㲻һ¾ͰѼ۸̧ôߣϷͷˡȻҪСŮĲֹѩһˣܿ죬һǰŴ
ѩ죬ۣ߰١
˰١˸ˣּһ
ѩŰ١
ƺûмȥģֱӽг߼Ҫѹѩһǧ
ѩ΢΢һЦòС˵ǧ
ȺһӰֻлž˭Ҳû뵽Ȼп˴ֱʣƬ̳Ĭ֮٪е̨
Ⱥֳһѩķ̨ȥ٪̧ǵ˫ۣ⣬Ǯ˾ˡ
ѩΪɨ̨ˣƵûǮ
㡪̨·˶ʱŭˣǰһûǮʲôۣһȥ
ɷ涨˽˿ڣѩЦһͭʲӱҲͰˣūۣûΪūģҲôô¶Ҷǻ˱˵ɣ
٪ͫȻһֲŹ˵ˣȥɡŵɤָ׹ιһ˵䡣
ѩӸµؿһۣм˵ģô»ܲˣ
죬Сӵػ˻ӣϢѩûȥĿŵüԶվںڰ֮еףҹܲãҲб˹ܵá
һЩˡĬ磬ײδǰǰԼˡ
һ嵲С˲ٷϻǰͻȻ֡
Ϯһֳĸֱ޳ѩͷȥѩͷ߳ŭûȱɨ˱űҴķƮ˳ȥֻϧ䲻ⷬˮṦӳڻһֻ˵Ĵӡ
书ߵǸһ·һ޳ѩվĵطשʯѣѩߵ·ߣǸɱֵֽģһʱռϷ磬ȴҲԿǷɣҹɫ֮УǴ֮ϣûȳ׷ʣϵȥԭֻͨסıһӦ룬ڵϡ
ŭ𣬳һֹͬһ˹Ҫѩش͸ѩأۼ޴͵һ죬ڰŤһƯĻùҡ
ܣѩһ⣬޴ӽɨ֮һ顣ԼԼЩաǺڳ֣ǰСﲻϵˣȻץʱܣ
ҷȻС类û˻ꡪҲܲˣһ£٪֫һꤹǰӽ²ȴһûͣѩһƻ˹ȥ
İСֻѩôߣѩû뵽ⰫӾȻҲǸӣǰϮƷм䣬ӦΪǱÿӣһŴ߿ǰӹһơ
ȴʧ׼ͷûӦ˱һɴһֻ죬٪Ӳһơ

Ҷͳ

ѩײһӲġеԵġǽϡһ£ӦǱһڻǼײ˼ϣݺݵһѣ
żʵȵϢĺζһ˿ҹڲͬѩʱң΢΢ȴԼεؽڱ̧ͷӲüëбޣ˽֮Ӳ
ӣ̫ûˣҸ㣬ţҶѲؿ˿ڡ
˵ƮƮģѩͻȻһţĪе㺦£ˡ
٪һЦ̬ȹ˵ԭǴͳˣʧʧλ˿˵ǵÿ˲ˣЩᡣҿͳüʱҪȻɾ˺ˡ
᣿ҶѲģʲô᣿Ҷ˽Է˿ڣҲǸô
һεĳĬ٪̵ؿ˿ڣͳ죬пţٹҹУǾˮˮֺαسͷȣĪˡ
ҶѹȵȣҵǼǲ壬ʲôʱǸ˽˿ֹˣţ
ѩм۵ͳ죬Ҷǵ£ûϵҾμӺеģôҪѵµĲɣ
Ҷһӵôū֤ôʲôûУ˭ܰߡ
˺ݺݳ˿ĭ𳤱ޣޱָҶѣҶͳ죬£һټҵ˲ͽҪ̧ô
Ҷѵǣ˭ǣܣ⺢ӽҹ˭ߡ˭ܷŵͳ
˵õѩȴľɵ΢΢һ£ŵػҶѡ
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ҹ⼯û׸ϹʾʣϷѾûģˡ˵ġ
ҳʮĽû
СĲųʮǿͳأǿƹѽ
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⻰ɵ˸̨ףҶѾ¿̨գգ۾ɱ˵ҿɵͷת٪ƹţϣѲʿƽմҲƹˣʹɢˣΣ˵òһëѾͷѣԸøöڶû
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СŮŵû£սսش̧ۿ̨ˣϷ̨ûںڰ֮С
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ѩֻסԼͷĸ첲һҶѲδش𣬲ͣŵؽ밵ֲͣ½Ų
㡭ѩЩգſڸ˵һֻ֣ҶѶϺ乣һ߸첲ش
ôˣߣ߹˸˵ġʱѽѲҹո߹֣ԽԽԶ¹ֱҡҡҶѵ䣬ơϸϸ˰죬ǳ˼ġ顱ʵڿʲôжļ󣬵䣬ҲܸоҶ٪ԹһƵ첲̡
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ѩһüҪĳţҶ־ͷۣûҶ˿ȴޱ֪Ҷˡ
ԸҶһףҲ¼״̬ģƺڽѹҪ˺˵ŭ⣬ֺһҪ
˰֮ҶѺ䡣µСͷͷһԳЩãͺ£ë΢΢ƫƫһ仰˵
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ѩɿԺһ顰ա֣ȷûʲôȷӡ֪Լ£ʱ˿̹ԹԵͷǸԲ𡭡ҡô죿Ҵȥҽݣ
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жȥŭֱǸûƢҶˡѩĻ˵ԼȥȲȵģһǣȥҽȥؼң
һؼңЦֻصҶͳϣСôܳ
ѩе㲻˼һšٷϻߡ
ҶԼլӵģѩû뵽ֻ֪ҶƽʱסҶϣԭҲû뵽Ҷѹ˼ưƣƵԼġҡ
լԺҲǳ͵ģϵլƣ֮ⲻԶһһʵҶ
һƿѩˡլҲСȣҲǶơ©ݱܷѩĺۼгʣĸչĲ̣󣬾סĿլɻлĲҶլӣ߽ӲݶûУǸӲĿտǡ
ҿ桭ɾѩлع˰ҳݴʣȴɾ
ƻеģûҿѩϴ˸ӡһټӹֺסһһſڼϸŸ衣ҲûУϵһߣߴ涼һҡ
լһҲûס׼˷䣬ԴʰһɲòģլӶĹܼҸһδȢ׵ˣһ˳ԱȫҲȻֵʡģЩסǧ¥Ȼһ򲻸˵ġ
ѩؿһۣȲû赽Ժˮ˰ˮͳɳΰʶһ飬·Ҷԣ˳һţϸʲôȥ
˵ҪǶɸɾģҪʲôҶѲǱŴڵϣĿعѩϡӽϴ飬šˮҪ
ʱǸоľ߻ҹģйŮŻ谵ƹ⣬լе˽ȷ˸档Ҷһ֣ѩԼ¡⾢ˣһҪסġ
ѩëס㵽
ҵǲסû취¼ҹ˵ֵؼû֪֪ȵŸȲȡҶѵЦҹģ˿СһȥǶĺ˵˵Ŀռ䡣ôű˱Сأţ
˳ŷѩ们ȥ߬סѩ֣ˮ䲻䣿
ѩ޹ģ˲ҩһԡָͽ͵ض˶ȴû롣
ͷ嵭ĻζϷ̨ϣҶһѽڻʱŵζǧ¥Ĺﲻͬѩķ۶۶ζҶһžͷǡ⵭ȴһعЧƽԭһʱӿǧǧ뷨
˳Ĭһѩεȿ˿ڣˡ

ŵ

Ҷ䱾˯þᣬէȻѣ߳һͷ亹
ֺ˭һƣĵСۣ·ͷһʹ˻صһ´յ˰յһ˲˯⡣
£̯ճȭСͻԣȴ˵ĸ첲û˿˺ۣö˶˵š
Ҷš
ֵҹŮ֨ѽһƿţкηԸ
Ҷüͳҹֵô
Żظͳ壬ȥˣһ
ҶһűһֱŰƣƬ̣Ҷ̫ѨЩùֱ߾һߵմͳֱҡ
ҶЩϽſѩִֻ֡¶ȣһֻϻմˮûɡ˿¶ȵĲƱѩĬĬصͷȥװͻȻЬϵӷŨȤ
ҶѵĿ˳Ĳһ·ѲȥӶͷ۾Ǽ⣬ڴͣһ˺ܴ󾢲ƿĿ⣬װµ˫ֽԺһ˵˵ɣȥʲô
ѩԹͳ̲˿סͣһ̲סҫģҶӮġ
ҶѱЦˣС鳡ʧĳⰡʹ㡣
ѩʵǸƹʲôˣΪʲô˵ȣǸʲôˣ
ҶѵѰźʵĴʡѩ飬æҲȻҪҶǻܵĻҾͲ˰
Ҷ˼һ£ûʲôʵģؤˡǸϷƽġȱǺɫǰһȥҲѧūȷ׵ģëҲŹʲôë
ѩüؤؤΪʲô⣿ҵøҵ˵˵԰
ҶѶ̴ٵЦһȰûȤΪ԰֪Щ£ҶߵǸŴϡԭǸߵظ̼ҵ˽ӣһֺֻϧù⣬֮ȱݣû̳мҵͶؤûļ𣬵ؤ˲ǮλŴҲࡣ
ѩеţؤﻹ£ǵϸУģҲܹܣ
Ҷѿŵҡͷ̾һСǲʶ˼伲డҶǷôЩ꣬ٽҪҩġ鱨ʶǴӺġôȳԷΪ⿿ǻи͢ȼþܿ
˵ˣ˽Щ˾ǼҴҵģڽŵ֮䣬ͱ߹ĲڶһЩҶû˵дίиؤﾭӪҶǡҶ˽Ҷһֻ۱һֻۡ
ѩӣҶֵΪۡ
Ҷ׷ʣһҲûʵȥиʲôˣ
ѩ˫߬һһڣίͲ֪¶
ɽʱҸı̶ѩѿЩ⡣
ԴЩûκ˵ʱͻȻƶƳһŵ˼ЩüĿҩˣҩԽԽһʼǸҩ̴Щҩ̶ҩʦ죬ʲôء㽥ˣֱǰѩѩѿر𲻺򡣡
ҶѶ궬ӡ̡궬䣬ѩѩֱͣûͣˡ
عǶҲûյҩƫƫôһˣ˵Լɽһҩ̣Ϻõѩѿѩ͵͵˵ڿЦһôҩƹ򲻵ҩؾүôˣѩѿ۸񳴵ôߣؾԸⰴҡ
Щƣذ˰üģҵʱ̫ļˣһԸϽսҡ˵ʵôѩѿʵЩ׽⡣Ҳ˵ʱΪ۸;͹һЩɻ󡭡Ҷѣ˴ˡ
ҶֻһΣӡҶ为ߣصҶߵϢ޷˭ȥҶӵ鷳ȫߵִ顣ͺҶûʲôֲཻ̫һӳ⣬Ȼʱ˿̣ѩ˵ֿѣһһίѹ̲סǰ˴ǶԿԧ죬һװ
ӢҲãΪ߲嵶Ҳãϲ£Ϊ˵ȷѵһǧͷһҲˣµزģ˭ܱ֤ûһ̵ƣҡΪ֮ʱ
Ѳ⣬ܶʱ򣬾һ̵иҡͿܵǰء
ð¸ǣӺ͸ʹﶨ㡣Ҷƫͷѩв֮ҶȡƵƵ޾֮·
ѩȦ΢죬ڱƵ˵֪ҾȴϹҡѾˡ
ҰòãҶѾһֻ֣ıҰ㡣
˾ôһûһţѩ˰ҹһͷˣȻֵرϥһţͷϥϴ˯ԺˣɣͷҶѵļϡ
ĺǳϢҶѼͷȣһĳɨôֱߡҶҲۣ־ȴѣ΢΢һ£ѩȥ§סø㣬һָ̧ı⣬Ĭһͷָţŵƻһذȥ
ֻǺ档Ӵô˸ô¶ĺӣһѪһͷ͸صʬ˵ˣЩϧƽδǬ֮װĹҪɳȥɽӣȴòǸʢ֮µļխĽ˿Уһߡ
ٺأٺôø׳ͩôǲϲأϹô
˰£ʣ׳ͩǸǸˣôʵ˭أ
ĪẮ
ŬػرܹԽرܣԽ̲סȥעӣԽעӣԽ̲סݡ
ȲȵĻ侲ش̽ˣԽע۾ԽࣻϷĻҲûʱʱ̶̿ߡ
ЩȲһͷԽԽǿңԭ֮ơֲΪʲôңΪʲôң
Ǹ˵һ
ġˡ
ҵƻ˼ȥ˿˿ѩ͵ؾѣԼҶѼϣһֱӡ
죬Ȼ˯ˡ춼ˡең˯ôá
һʱѡҶɶһ¼ȭͷҹӲһƵѲָ̫ۣմȾһ˿Ϣġ
ѩ˵˵һȥˣñ˷ˡزһͷҶѣ
ƵƵҶһ߲ͣƽǰĵģɤ޶Ⱦһ˿ɳƣĦѩĶ䡣Ӧһȵҡ
һһ֣ȫҽ
ľګµС꣬ҪȻҲǧ¥ôЩ֪һԼŮ֪֪Ȥжȣƫƫѩ᲻ҲЩƽǵЦھ˵Ļ˿һ䶼˵
˵Եḡ˵
ѩĶӡ
ҶĪãЦŴӵߵߣˮ߶ϻѩšһŵӸƽãڻ̤ȥ



ĵأҶͳٵˡ
ƽվסţż壬ҲڳתתͻΪӰͳ죬ƿɳ¡˽ӵ֮⣬Ŀ⡢ԶֻΧҶ䡣
һڳһͬı飬鷿ŬŬ죬ţȥɣҹˡ
ҶѼæסý㣬ɱҡڳһһӵĶԶԹʣô˵ģ
ЦЦƳһۣô˵ֲ֪ʲôȥˡ˵֫һŤضʳ߿
Ҷ俴˰޾һֽӹһ顣Ҷ俴ţ˳ֵݸվһߴҶѣ̫С˵һʧˣ׷׷顣ҲЩʱˣøȥȥɡдӣתʻϣ͢ҪһݡĲô㶼㲻ͷϡ
ߵǱһζҲþŵĴ˳ԲҶǴʮ죬ܽݱҶؾս֮ߵӣʵʵɳʯӴݣٲšʱ˿˵̷ͲϾߡ
ҶѻӦһ
ҶַԸЩ£˵˼лʵҹˣ
Ҷ죬̵ϥص¸ҹؤЩͻδˡ
Ҷκ£ڣʵͽ͵ġҶ΢΢һЦ˵ÿ͸һΣٸԴСˣ
ҶһףҶʲô֪æ˵ҲˡҹȷʵֵЩˣȻץ˸嵲СﵱȸūСǸ֪صģŮūʹ°СˡϾ嵲ˣţҪ£嵲Ǹ顣
ҶЦ嵲飿ҿѩաЦݳһͷЩѵҶǻǱ˵ġݲǸЩ߰ĶУȥЩҩʵܱţֻǵãطȥˣҩһһҩʦǱǷҩҲ֪Ҷ˵Լ
Ҷɫһݣǣ¸ˡ
Ҷڰ֣¡ҾսϰǹˣСʹҳݡ˵㣬ҲôϧЩ
ҶѵͷЦЦ£ֻҶͻȻʵ㡭Ǻϲǹô
Ҷһ㶣˼Ǽ⣺ˣĸСǰ
С͸Ҷߣ˵ʮ־нҶЦȴȥ֣֯һǣ˿ڣ⺢оηֹֺܴϲǸ˵ģҸеˣ۹áֻׯһ˼϶׳ͩǸ䣬ҪھֵҲ졣
ǳϵأһƵĴףͣⷬε˵ǡҶѵһسȥ
ҶĻû˵꣺٣Ҫȥ
Ҷѵס
Ҷв̣ļ򣺡Ϊˣûֻǵ޾֮·ȥɡ
ⴺǸףһꡣѩɿ»˵Ķ̴򣬻׿ȥͲŵѣѸٵüױһųȥ밲
׳ͩȥû磬ѩʱѽ⼸յˡѩɴöһͬ緹ں£үŽš
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׳ͩ࣬ʵï˵ʲô
ѩ΢΢һв죬ţ˳Ծصݸ׳ͩҲûʲô˵ҷݴ񡪡Ҳ֪ʲôͩ㿴ɡ
ʵûʲôɿģھ񣬶誴ֱӱܲѩʴʦãʰͷãپּʲôϡͷ
׳ͩһĿʮеɨһţһߵˣ֮ǰïܲȥһţ˵ٸׯھҶչ̡
ֲֵءŶһٸׯھû꣬㡣
ھȣٸׯھʵ𲻹ʱ䣬ߵҲһĶڡڰٸׯھָһʱöϸϸ̽Ŷŵһʦ壬һڡ˼ǣһһŮŮǶҵӣӻѧ䡣ھֵҵû̫Ͷÿͷ񣬽ԵͰˡ
û뵽ССھ֣ܿԭһ·չ·ߣھҶǶ̱ˡ
׳ͩҶǳ̼ұ֮ءǰ˵ͨھҲҶ֮⡣ҿڼȻˮ¥̨ȵ£粼֣ҶżҶ˵һǰѾ򿪣ھˡ
۾˵꣬˹Ȼ㡣⻰ᣬ˵ֻҶҪ͵ģǾݡֶҲˣֻǾһɳ͢ר䣬ͩ룬ҶΪηǵһھֳˣ£ҪЩˡ
һھѩͲԲͷ࣬ԼĴڸС˿ƿ룬վҲգͩȥҶƵƵʲô
ѩû뵽ͻȻԼһȥ̵Ҳȥš
üԸŮӼЩʲôȥҲã÷ʲôҪæģȥЩ£ʡġ
һţѩ룬˰ʱЦݶʱȥ
ƿţүſںšѩͷүٸïȥţؼҶǣҲڸѰطϢգϢ
үһѾı顣
үѩòףȥҵͩ硣
үδࡪС󣬴ʱĵġϵȷҪĵ£أ֪ʲôʱʼλС˼Ҳĥ
ūԵСΪհүֻǡū䲻֪СҪʲôС㲻Ҫׯġ
ѩ۾ԼĽţһһүǰ·һ鲼ֻҪ߹һˣһʻ»壬ûУѡһ
ү̾СԼҲ˵ˣʻ·壬ûС·û壬ǰװˣ·壬߾·ܵ˺һȲȽҪô
ѩ̧ͷһЦкξ壬ˣҲ˵װףܱһ̤ղȽǿ



պϲǧ¥ȷе˵ϵˣûвϲǧ¥ġ
СС̫ʦУȶŵءŲ裬ŵģŹһߵãһ߳СӿŵĹҪðȴֻר־ţ񿴲ǹ˿ͶŨŨĿ⡣
ǲ֪ǧ¥Ĺǿ˶ľ֣˭һƹ񡪡ΪһˣôÿĶԼǼֵý¡ȷ֪ľΪдԳ˵
һ죬ҶѴ߽ЦŹֵӴƹ¡
Լһ衣ںϱ˸ûҶѵֲ÷ֻƤһ̲кͳҲ¡
㿴㣬Ÿҽ͸ʹˡҶҲûںɫͳСľаϣҲһ룬ôҲҶǴͳ죬ŸСŮūҪǱָûôɲ¡ƹˣ棬Ȼʵݣǲǣ
ɫ΢Щûֻ֣ľʣʲô
ҶѶֿľУһ򿪣һŨҵѬ˺һͣ㣬СëѾͷ㲻
˲õЦѽͳô󷽡һȸūѣݴ񣬵ԵСŮʲô˲
ҶѻӻóĹȥЩǳ󷽡СëѾͷʲôˣƹӣûǺܽġ
ͻȻһ䣬£
ӶӰˣҶѷԸٿȻһסӡ
յͫһ۾ȥһߡͳ졣ʲô
ҶЦƹæҶǵĹأ˿ӣɳ˿ǽղƹպ¾ͲŻô򵥵ˡ
һҽУƱѪϣʢһ֦ĻҶѴ˴ĭ赭д˵ƹ񣬳Ϊá
һ˲䣬ձɳֿһЦɰͰ͵ͳѵǡĺˡ
ľиǺãսУԸһӽ˵ĻȥҶѲյһţɷʱɢŷ·һӸĸ˿ż䡣յֱۣ˳ȥ˿ͬһԹĿ⣬ضϡ
ʮߣ
ҶѲôͻȥֲ֪ȥδֹѩߵ̫ǰͰ׳ͩͻȻҶ䣬յڶȦӣﻰ˼ȷģھҶׯ·Э˾£Ǵⲻɿڣһ˵˾ʹ
ҲÿҶԣվҶĬĬ׳ͩ˰ʮһۡۺ죬׳ͩվߣȫû˵һ仰ôô߲ƨĽɫôͶôмأ
ĪẮǿˡҶš֪ջȥеϣѩĪẮܼһʧǣĪẮڿջ
ھЭ˾裬ǳ¡Ϲһı۾ԶϡЩȾ纮˼ڸϢıͯҲܰҹ棬ɫؿ
ûô
ûСĪẮһ˳ǣȥʲô˵
ʲôıͯ׷ʡ
֪ЦҲô
ıͯ༥ԭҲиס˵ʱ򡣡
ϺⷬϾǵһ˵ţҶԳҲδظסڳһߣҲ߯Сˣôôȥſһ£ţ
ıͯЩԱ񣺡ѾˡղǱҲûʲô˵
ϵһٿУжղȥ׼ǡ³͢δҶǲ裬Ҷٳ룬һʱҲҲֻǲ֪̫ӵΪ£ղʲôأ
ͲҸùܵˡıͯ㿴Ҷ䣬еھ¡
ֲҶѣԴŽġѩһҳ飬Ĳɵ˵
£Ҳˬһ֮ǰͷɳļơѩڴ߿飬΢紵ͷ΢΢Ʈ˶Ŵٶࡣ߻ƿһػûŵļֱӲͦҶƬչţ˶һδĻ
ԣûҪĪẮԶ봰ڵǰּ˸ӳԡׯ߰ͷֵ˵쳡滰룬ʵΪʲôҶѲܴŽȵȣʲôҶ͵͵
ѩһۣģٶ졣
յģѩȴеҶ֮ǰھ־רһլҶׯüĿ׳ͩߵլԺҲһչ棬Ա
أѩԺĶС¥Զھֵˡ¥¾ԺǽǽСǰ÷˪סڣھַ࣬ȥǰԺС¥ֻѩһס
ׯûôȫԷȲ裬ԼȥȡţһҲûһ䡣ȻⲢסѩ͵͵ȥֱӷṦһҪӴԾǽϣٴǽȥһλֱǽ⡣Ű׳ͩҲס⾳϶̸϶ĪẮ΢΢Ϊֵ
ѹһߵ߳˿ôоЩˡ½˭ң
˭Ҷ¡ѩͷҲû̧ʲôѽ
׫дǼϵģֵǣһļ¼ȴںüط֣ȴֶɲ꣬һؼ˼ʣʧˡһҩϲȫˣҲؿҪЩıʼǴǲҪ졣ʱ˼ĪẮϣԴӰţ
šĪẮûϣҲ߯ǿˡ
ǿǳɵ𣿡ѩ⣬Ӧ˹֪ˣҪǳ㣬һɹõӰû׼ֱӾҶѸˡ
ĪẮһС㣬ǲ΢㣿仰Ҷͳ졣
ѩһЦü䣬˼ŮĽǰûɵģϻͦдͳ緶ġ㲻֪նһƣһƾͰ˸סˣ첲˰ޡ
ĪẮ˼
ѩһƤؿ
Ҷѵĵȶһɱ֮ǾָӿģǾֿɱ֮ĪẮҾδػڰͷ֮¡ĵø˶һƾΪء
ô˵أѩط˸ۣҲûˣ鼱̫֮ͣһ¡
ͷնһƣôĪẮ벻ͨҡҡͷ书߳ô࣬ⲻòʲô֮ɣ

С뷨

ҶûţֻڵڶϽ׵̩ȥ
㿴ŵݸ׵̩׵̩꣬ķİšһĨβŵⲻ̫ͻȻ¡
ԭ̵йٵ֮֡ٵһӣһʮݣƽ̹ڶ࣬߹ٵҲУ·ǮЩټҰҪ·ɸѳ֣һطһط˵ȻˣҶֻΪ˻ڷҲƽľ棬ھе׬ɽͷŵһСǮգзԡ
֮Ϲʮҵҵڹټ뽭֮䣬õѹѹôô򣬸÷ֳֶַ֣һֲ̫ǡѺúг
ھּҴҵ·ǹٵߣ߹ϵǽµķЩ
Ƕ˺ʮû̵ĶϺһǧϢس͢ŭȻܿѹȥ˽ߣǵССһֱûͣһ֮ҲǲҲǣפڶϣ˹ٵ͢òһ˾衣
ȻǳˮϰͻȻƲճǼŰ졣̵ţˮ·Ļ˾Ͷ࣬ˮһǼۣˡƺӸڶ
ȻǶϺͽϵ۸ɡһǣԸžͶˣٸܲĵطƽܹȥɽҲͷϰգ𵶲潣ꪾɽھԵھհʱǱ߰Ĺ·ѡԽԽۺԽԽߵɽĥͷǣƳһ˷ţЭˮ˷ѣԼϵ̵俪š
ǰķءʱξ⾰׵̩šϺĽ죬ǰ¥İɣڰܳΪƽƵġ
ǵڶʵȨǰϷүްţ̳оλСү겻ڣǰʮʮ궼ڵ۶Ҵһطش길׵ɥº󣬾ִҴææص۶һ֮󣬷ϷĳǷݹܣ¥ൽϺССүÿ괺ʱշؾɾ١٣ɲйٽ׸ߵģȥ۶ְȥ̽һλСүȥһһŸ
ǲСүǰٺһ˵һҶǸӡλʵʢ꣬ϲҶʵȨҶҪһٻʤܶ鷳
ʮʲŵϻλû߲ⲽģֻʣҶôһŶûеշǿҶԱ߾еƷڵˡ³̫Ӻվӣȥû˸£Ҷ䣬ǸҶйصĲ£Żػơ
׵̩Ĭһ˵磬ö⣬ҪҶˣ
ѵӱ߾ңܿ࣬ôһΣĻ˵סϹĪẮɵҲ˼
꣬ھׯ֮УΪҶڵ̵ͨ·ҶǾʳ֮Ϊˣרſԭ·ʵõֻһ׵̩ͻȻַ꣬ׯΪҶǳʮ£ɰ꣬ϽսɳҶˣҲǵƴسǡʮһꡭ磬ûвԸ˼˽ôﶼû⣬Ҷ˼ӹܾͣͱⰡ
̾һشܱܿ볯͢ͻȻãʵڱܲ
ͻȻһ²ðͩºģ˵ûھܶռҶ̵ڱһ̴ˣӭóչʱ֪ھֶռͺñҶһΪʸ֮ġôһھֳ˳ͷϹͷȥһأŵѹŵǧҪƵƵί
⻰׵̩Ƥһæ˵ЩʲôͩôЩ꣬ھַչпҲһ˳졣ƵƵѾͷСʹҪǸк²֮ͩ¡
Сѩƽ޹ʴ˸磬һҶѺĪẮ
Ҷǳ¨ӣһһ̣̲סַ̣ѽ˲ˣ㰮ȥȥŰʲô˼
ĪẮһЦŰŰȤ
ȻҶѵעѩϣôôҡûһרĵضŲǱרĳ˼ʱϱ˼ƽʱĽ壬мִҹӡ
ԴӺ֮δ̸ҹ˵ĻҶ⼸㷲Ҳ֪ѩû;˴ﵽӷεһ棬ֲΥĪẮǸˣһʹȥҶͳ죬ֻҪһſѩ֪ĪẮǸṩġ
ĪẮϻƿһΪǼǵѩ硣
·£ûϵѩӡߣͦÿģʲôõ𻨵ģĸûù
Ϊ徲İɣĪẮô˵ְѻƿ˻ȥͷ
ʸ¶ѩһأ˫ֵ°£˵֮һرС㡱֮ǳЩĴٹҪ㣬ô죿
ԭԶϡҶĬĬز׽һ޹صϢ
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ôܱ֤Լ첶̵棬Ӧأѩ׷ʡ
·٣ôڽе֮Ѷ͵ĵϡ·Ҷ٣ôͻڸĵñ˵ȥ䡪ٲڶм¼һĪẮ˵ô
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ţҶҲѩ˵뵽ׯɷׯе䡣ʵϣھкܶҩʦִͻǵĻ鲼;ÿһҽݡڼжվ㣬˴֮Իʡöࣿ
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ҶѺˣѩϸɺؿһطƣڸǷɵ⡣
ʱܱĹٵȹٵ졣ʵ£
ѩԼһ߼תۼҶһɵ𾪵ı鶢Լø첲˴˵ûе
ԡҶѱһ첲˻꣬æͷȥغŪ



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ҶѾǳԼĿһ磬λʱһԹү˵ѩĪẮȥھֳԷһ
Ȼֹѩߵ̫ǲɧѩܲסѩҪԼ˳֮ҶѽŲͣЪػص䣬ˮԡɧذԼ·ȫһ׵Դ
ɫ򲻿ɵģ׸ĪẮײɫҲף׳ͩʱԴʼ׳ͩӴҲô˳ۡʣ²ҺڵȰɫ㵱˴ͳ죬Ϊϣɫѡ
һ׵ѡȥҶԼ̲סҪЦԼա·䣬ѩµڵϣҶѸϽصɷ飬С
ѩô֪Ҷͳʱɧ״̬ĪẮڹϰ֮תһ顣ĪẮһϣ̽תӲһʱ̣׿ϵǳЩ
ĪẮһ䣬Ͼϲɫֻǵһ
ɽһղиֻҪÿձϰϣֻ֮ʹ޹һرӰ죬ҹλأǰǺɲɱָĪ֣û
˵ҲǻԵ⽭а֣Ըǧ˿ƵϵֻǸ֣ȴ翴µĺͯԸⶺ׶ֺûǰչֹѧֲһ档ҶǼɽ֪ɽֹǶԽһ⾰Լǵ΢ĩֱӱԩ
δйصΣСǰϰñȰſڲ룻ȴͬˣһ֪νֻǱ󣬽İӿɱ˶Ըǻ˳Ͷνģ佲Ļ˵Ҫͱóļƣ򲻹ҲøԼһ˿Ϣء
οи¡ĪẮ˵𹹽·ֻһģ뷨ȥ֮ȥ룬һ͵ĶｨԽԽ
û㹻ǿ֮ǰسĬţֻһĥͬԼϡƽ书Сĵ˿ĬĬط
ڣѩǰ赶ŪģԺĸסĽǰܾ׽ÿǺÿƵģͼֵԶʵսֵûﶯУ𡰷ܿҲһʱʵЩɡ
˼ҹƺģģײһЩبõɻ
ĪẮָ书ʱ˵仰һǡ첻׼һδενһһʽϸǽԺŵеĲˣ۶̵ܴ׼ȷλȥãĸҲδܱ׼
һǣ᲻ȡ
ĪẮиۣ书ĪģƵ֮ѧĹ򣬶ܲ׼ȷԷ
óץסץסҪôȶԷ죬һ¶˲һУҪôȶԷ⽫ִ򵹡
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ĽԺʾǧٻأ˯Ѽ䣬𽥻ûһֻһƬӯ衣ƣȥ׽ȴô׽
ĸףǵŷţһŮˣ䣬طѩΣȴһһʽƺΪʾֲȫǣƲûǰ㽣׼ҽʦ㲻ֺʤأͺñ֫죬ӶͬӶֱǰ羫
пϮ𣬰ΰͷһȴһĨĽײδ˺飬ǺƸڷƾͬκˣأС˳ŪԶȥ
ĸףѩȻѣһ亹֮δȴϽ۾½һһʽ⿪һЩƿ֮⣬΢΢ĪẮΪڽϸ㲦ֻһζشڹṦ
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۹⻹ǺܲġĪẮѩ
һ̣ѩͻȻһȵЦݣŤ֫ҶӭȥҶ󡪡ͳ졪ǸǸõˡ
ȡһȣҶѴ˸£һؿһЦѩԤðô飿磬Ǻ硣

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Ҷһѩƣ֪Լˣߵǰһ˲Ѹٻָƽ飬ף˼ĪẮԼȫǱѩͷġ
˼ҵǹʹǵƣδ֪ԸпһԼ;ⶣѩѩһͲܲˣԼӣ뵽һĪ˺ü죬һ׼Ż
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Ȼյѩе㲻һǸ˳ƵЦݾһʲôû˵ؿҶһۣŤͷߡ
ٷԵñŤŤھֵĹ¶ڣ׵̩׳ͩһߣ÷˪ѩס˽ĪẮ򸮳ͣѩаʦ֮꣬ȵλ䣬ֻһҶѣҲû˴һٷԵʳζס۾ѩҪζ
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ͼЩαںЩӡͩҪæˡѩһڽضĻ
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ɲǼ䣬һˮҶɶͷԣ֪ѹϷһԲ˦ŶȥҶѻǸϽϣһţѩԽԽ죬ȹյ·ϣֱʩչṦⱼȥҶѽŭ֮ٶǳߡһ߻տĪẮû
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ѩɣ˵ǧ谮һҲǹ£ͷѣھһӴϵţȻѡŮ۹㣬̬ȹִ㣬ڴСʧȥĸӻҶѶԣֺǻǿɼġ
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𶯡Ҷѵ˵̰߬һɿ֣קѩ̤ǽȥȳѩ̶һԵظһСܡ
ȥ˳ǽҶѵеԼ챿˵ֵѩ⣬æֲƵƵҪңҾȥ㡣



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ƵƵûŮ֮顣ĪẮ죬ѱĲһڣҺ㷽˵ǷҲοȥ׷
ҸʶʱôߡǸӡĪẮ̧֣Ա˸߶ȣʮꡣ
Ϲǰһ꣬Ϊ˼һ棬ϵ˺üʱʱµĽͣŶӡһ棬һֻǸСޡ
Ǽ̵ģӦ䣬⺢ӴߡѩӲҪȥ۶õľ¥һٷûôСսߣȤҲûʲô£ߣ뿴ʲô
ȴָ㽣ȻĪẮҲָ޿ͲģûԽšͺñôѧʿСëѧ˵ǻӻôô̡
Է䣬˵𱾳һ׮Ц
ĻӱߣֻϧǸ֣ƫƫ֮硣СĶҲûʲô벻ģСʧʧʥġ
ʮѩΪȻƲƲ죬ĶôССͣö
ѩϳɵʲôġ
ĪẮΪǰļͥһѡ
ѩ꣬˵ʲôСʧȨƵλŻȨƵλǴʵСҪҿЩ֮
ʵǻЩСС˶͵͵ʲôݺݺС֮Ĺ£¶֪дʲôѽѽҲ̸⣬ŹʣпЦк̾ġ
¥ӣСĻȴһһײĪẮСһˣֻҪıãŮǹǼʲôϵֻԱ𡢵λĲͬԥǲα֮ʿ
ǰ⺢ӣôСĺӣӲĹ⡣ĪẮͻȻûɵͬʱһ˿³ſϲļ⸱ãԭΪҪħһӣСﻰȴֻһȻֿжѡ
ʵǻҲ̫С򽻵̫СˣϹڼûʲô档ĪẮ΢ЦŻ䣬ӾѩУ⺢ȫèϹִһ׼򵥵ķ
ԵڴˣһżȻ·ͻȻģģǸС
֪Ǻˡš
ּһ棬һ꣬ĽϡûʲôƵ̲ס룬ԼʱǸʲôˮƽȻӸһ硣
λһƥˣһݽÿҪһأСӼ糤ܿʹСŮֺܿüĿǰʶϵĹ֣Ҳƽˡ
ƵƵ޳ǸƺϲŭдϣʵСúܣҪ¶šĪẮۡһһ׼˺ܾá
Ҷѱÿ´ʵ׼ȴûȭͷ޻ϣʱйŤʯһڨڨ׳ͩǷ̫ˡ
ĪẮûҶĪЩΡһĪẮ̬Զл˸硱ģʽĪẮ㳣˵ж㣬һ죬ΪģԸ飬ȥô
Ҷһ㶣ü磬ҵǳġзԸȻǡ
ԶҶǣٲƵƵ㲢¡ܵõ࣬𣿡
ҶѳĬһʺ񣬶ϲҪ󡣡
ɰ׳ͩûĺĪẮԵھƵλһǸ̾޼֣ȢƵƵھľׯȴƫƫѡ޸޻İ׳ͩΪʲô
ѵΪСϰǾͱȱ˺ãǿ֮ģĪẮԴ𣬡á
˼һ⻰ô˵ھ׳ƣׯһٳֶ֣۽й֮׳ͩܶңСֻ֪ԼȢƵƵ뵣ھΡΪһе̳̫൫ѡ̫١ҾãԼһҲԸƵƵ÷˪ģֻ鲻֪Ҷͳ죬ԼҲô
ĪẮϧ֮ɫƵƵϧ׳ͩҲ
ҶѴǰδЩڰ׳ͩϴŶׯλʶţζɽſѩμżɣǺû׶ţǾţϻ˭İŲ
ûŵȴǽ˿ԱУɼ
˵һǫǫӣղ֪ΪӡҶ˵ĪẮһľ༸֣һתֽӵҿƵƵ⣬ȻҾԼû׼Ļ䡪ҲҲǲ֪ļС㣬ĸŮ
⻰ôô˵ѩϹѩڣһᵱšŴԣĪẮЦװûİ֮⣬ʵƵƵҶǣô죿
ҶѳĬˡ
ʵǸ޴־ˣʲôͳǸģϽҹһˣȻȥҾȥҶſ˿ڣжһΪЩȴòҲò鰮ǰ档ҶΣ߲áҶǵñҾ͸ߡ

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ҹ׳ͩһһ뿪Ҷǣ򷢻ѩסѾˣΨһ֤׵̩ĪƾѩòʣûΡ
ҶѵڶվʳԣûȥѩŽӵ߱ей̽ǱСܽ˸׽׽֮󣬾ͻ˳Ť͵Ӱ
󣡡Ҷһδ˯ͷúܡһݣԸͳʵڶһ
ⳡѶһֱ¥ҶæýŲأ۾ͻȻ￩һ£챾ҪȥѩģϽȾߡ
ս鷿ҶȥѶı¼ͼҲ鷿һҾϲͳ³ɡ
³űȽ˵һᴫŶæй̽ӵʱ򣬰׳ͩߵǰϸذڵҶİͷ
ҶΣҾ֪Ҷ֮ھܡҶüͷҲѵչһأ˳ְѱ¼һߣŴȤ˲ã֪˭˵˼Сĸϻѽ֪ɽлƫɽˡ
˵յҶһ۵ҪʲôϽȥʲô
ҶĵҪⷭȷ黹죬ǰԼøѩ˵ڰ׳ͩԸͷҳʤ׷ô룬ȴЦݣæˣֱھ֡
ܿҶѣҶԡ
µľ棬ܹġҶ˵ҿѾͷҶҲ⡣ֻ׳ͩڵھֵλȹ̣ׯҲδܵѹס
ҡͷ̾ׯλŮעѪ̫ˡڰ׳ͩѳɴƣ˻ԼȡׯҪôΪŮ˰׳ͩȨҪôΰ׳ͩ÷˪ǿǿϣԼŮܿյĴС㡣ׯ֮λôѡ
ӳƣҶ䲻˵ϴϿ˴𰸡һ׳ͩٴ󣬲Ǹ׸Ů÷ںݾӪŵھķׯҲǽҵĹɶǰס÷ƿصھ֣һ÷˪÷¹֮λָôѡ
ƿھ֡ҶѿڵھֱȻ𣬶Ҳٺһ
ǶׯٺһϾھ̸ֵڣһɼ򵥵Ľ˭ܿƵھ֣൱ڿϱ̵Լٸ·ֻҪׯˣⲻһССĲۣ޴ȣʲôأ
Ҷ˼ţɫᶨƬ֮ԸȥһׯɡҶѩãǲѩһѣһ֧֡
ҶھֺϰԵ̧ȥһܿѩĴڡֻС¥ƻѩڴдͷӰϻƿŵһ֦ӳɻԡ
ҶѲɵءһﲻ̫صһء
ÿǳʺȢš
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ѩ̧ͷѭſȥֻƻ֮ӰӰ´Ÿˣ֪Ҷˡԥһ£Ȼ΢΢˵ͷ
Ҷ䣬߷˽
´οţû˰㵱ַĺȥѩüҲ̫ˡ
˵΢ΣԴѩҶǣҶҹΣǷǽôģͱǲ㴰ֽ˼
ҿɲңүܳҡҶѿŴעڹ£ӰУֻҪƤЦվǶͺЩӡôûɣ
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߽˵˾˭ӳî˵ѹ·βͣմǶЩҵùͷ
дʲôҶʡ
㿴ѩսֽ˸ֻͼϱȦССЩȦĸɫȦݡУĺȦԱ߻ʲݵرעŲͬļǺš
ǡ·Ҷɨһۣôࡣ
ֻһ֣ĿǰھֵҲ͹ˡѩ²ָһ£̫ׯת֮Ȩˡԣĵ֮ʮĸվ㣬Ǿ;ص򡣡
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ھҵ飬һҩʦĴˣÿ궨ڶʣڶṆ̀ǳ֮ܲ⻹зֵ꣬Ҫ࣬ЩɢͣܶصĶɣǶġѩ˵
ҩʦˣǰͰѸصȷãͳһµϷׯÿҩڣܲҪȥϷׯæһ߲ʱӵǳ鷳еĺȦԱ߻һǡ
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ǰصڻﶼ·;Ķջھõˣص򣬻ʦһˡ룬ǲЩص㣬úܶˣɡҲׯôȫ͸ת
⼸طѸٵػһߣͨ˴ˮ½ͨ㣬ЩأǼֿ⣬̻Ǵ洢ЩһзֵҪ䣬Ծͽپׯ
٩٩̸ҶѲĻ˹ȥϸؿ˿ͼе֮ǰ˵ģгͬΧҲһѡЩȻˮ½ͨ򣬵ЩΧص̵̯ǰڶھֶѹء
ȻֻǸ룬һҪȥҵѩ˵
ҶЦˣֽ̫ڣиͲʡ֮ͨȴֻһ㡣ҩʦȶⰡø͵ɡ
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Ҫ̯˵ҶѳĬһڵƵƵҲںʲôͳ죬ȥģʲôҾʲôڣҲǽ¡ֱˣֲòӲͷƤ˵ȥ˵ø죬±ѩϣδ⣬뿪ֻгһˡ
Ҳ֪浽ʲôʱұ֤ˡһ£̽ʵ㡭ٵȵ𣿡
á
Ҷһ㶡ѩҲѿڶǱ飬üЦŴͳ첻ʧһСŮӡֻҵ̫ãҵܻƤ



죬Ӱ֪ˡͳ½¡Ҷѽ˰ֵأֻʮӰһ˽߽ȺɢͷԵӭͳ졣ֵ˵վҪھƸֵҪոӸϲҪðЩʲô
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Ҷ̾Դ⺢ϰԸߣҲ̤ʵĿѣѡӰ³ϰ书ʱ˿е㻳Լǲгҿ㾫ͷõúܣǲ书
˳ٿ佱ˣظлͳָ̣һղҷɡ
书ȥܽӪȥҶѻоãҶй֮£¶ԲᷢͷϣᷢԼ©Ļϡ
̽һ죬ûʲôҶйصĶⲶһϸڣղ¿̽һ󣬾볤زʮǶղؾ⣬³ԭϹӦ
֮ǰͻɶղѾͶѵҶǲÿУת˳أҶü˰̰СˣΪһǻǵ̽̽ղʵ
ȴ˵÷˪˺ü죬ֲʲô¶ܣһտ䣬˸մѩ
ѩ÷˪ˢغδʩ죬Щûٿޣ۾΢΢šЩҵػƵƵȴ֪˵ʲôεס˿ڡ
ѩﰵ̾һ÷˪Ҳù¶Ƕ㲻ȥģȻشϽӹһҰðɡ
˲һ÷˪һ·ԣУѩȴƳĬ֪ͩ㡣
÷˪ھΣȴ֮ɫѩͩδйŮ֮顣÷㣬Ҳ㣬ȡԼȫʤ˰װĥֻǡֻǣͩô˵ңôҲǺѹġ
ϾǴСܹôίǵŲ˵汻ײƴ£˵ѩ̲ס÷˪ŴԴΪжæ鰲οƵƵǲԣЩܵί١
ѩͷ÷㣬ҲΪͩˣͩ뿪ھ֣Ȼ᲻ãҲǡ
÷˪ɫһ£ָƽοѩƽǸɴһˣǸصĽŮӣʱһٯＫŴƵƵǧô룬˺ã֡󡪡̾һׯұһغݡھҽö˵ļңһգܰί
ѩ۲ɼЦһ£÷˪ӹһҵûȥͽȥɡ
ɱһƽϣȻЩ챻вѩüͷɫţͷʾѩϡ
ѩϣһᣬתȥ
ơһһ
忴ųŮȫЩϴ׳ھ֣һ춨Լ͵ھڽϵĵλδһԼԼĺꡣ
İǰԼŮ𣿼һֱǸСŮӣС˼磬ܻῴɫҰһסȥ䡣ʱ߶һΣ׳ͩȥƣ⺢Ⱥ˰׳ͩϹܣֵȫ·츲صңҲġѰˣ׳ͩҲСͰ͵߬½ǣʧȫԼϣĹ׳ͩ
ʱ򡭡Ƕ˵÷С޲ô
峤̾һͷƵƵ
һ˵ͩ÷÷£Ƶİɣ
ѩ˵Ҳ˵ǡ
Щңȥ̸̸ͩܲȡ벻ͨˣҲðί̾һͻȻԼ֪Ů˵òŽ˵֮ǰ˼Ҷ˵Ǹкǻұ룬⺢Ժ󲻹ϰĻϰ䣬״Ԫǵǽӹھ֣Ҷһ֧ŮҾû⡣ŮãֻŮͱк·խһЩһЩ
˵û˵ͣһͣŬЩοĴʾ䡣ߵ磬Ҳ֪˼ҵôģֻ֪˼ҹеģҼҹҲȱˡԭżȻҵĳ·٣͸һ̵ףҸɾ°뱲Ӷиû뵽ԼȴǸ뷨ˡ
գһ̤ܴûٳȥƵƵô
ѩ壬˫ȴ
ƵƵá˵
վֻʾһ飬ѧˡ
ѩһһƷǰ
æܹڶƷ׷˹ѹܴϢƷڽժǡǧ򻯣ơӲɽԵϳһ״ȥֻǧӰܲ͸磬ѩƵֻǱء
ȴ飬Ƶ¡ʮǰֺƽϹֻкɮľƷǴϹشҩʦȵϹһʱ䣬ΰһҲÿʱᣬͦ˹Ϲһ˫ȵĴۣϹĵλ
˺ʢ춨λȹ̣δʩչȫƷһߴ͡Ӳˣʵصģǧ֮ƵУԶγɾԵѹƣʱŮɱУȴϵ
ѩÿһƣıأ¡ǰֻ֪Լȴ֪жֻ֪Ʒ޵Уû뵽֮£ṦҲ˲ͶܣƷ磬
һѩ˽
ԭĴɵڸǰνܿ췢֣ٲνܻᱻԼһǳһڸ⡱ƣ˾ȥ弸һŹشƷ֮ùȥ
ûֱȭƣֱֱѩؿȥͬʱȺɨ̣ѩš⡱ƣתڵϣԽΪᣬӲΧŽڿն𣬰ת˸
һУֱ֮ͣӶذų֮ڰշת֮ΣӭȭײȥһɲǷŻȭ٣ƫһ֣ȭͷֱѩˡ
ɲǼ
ѩմ°ɫѣһԽԾתѣͬһֻɫĺɵŽ裬ƬҶմ
ĸס
շܿн绪ƫƫŮݺӶ塣֮ǰһֱźƵƵûܼ̳зܿȻҲһͷһģһӲ۽ǣƽֱͻüǣݵ°ͣһС˸־ǿࡣҪǴСߣ˫üʱڳһͷէһȥǸıࡣ
ȻƮ鶯ԼǷܿŮ˭أ
ôһ˲ۼȭͷѵѩǰƫһ֣չȥ
ͬʱվѩļձ߱ȭε˲һƬ˺ݺһ⡣
һڣһЩĪẮѧѧЩʲôȥúɣúԶ

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ѩδջ΢΢̣ڨڨصǡԭԼ٣ĪẮҲ佱û뵽һ֣ǱȫλѹŴ򣬲Щ١
忴ĵҪȴǵģ԰οṦ񻰣ûģ־ᶨǸġ
˵䣬үŶ롣һˣֻѩվڵأһ飬ޱͷɢ縣Ϊѵһүȥƽ͵ģȫûжŭĺۼ
ֻһүɫһ߱ŵˣ˿ǰš
ɫʵûתͷѩïų㶩飬ͬʦҲһˣȴôһЦ
ͣסŲԸȥʰʰһï硣
誸տѩʱүķӦһģһѩͷ˵۷ۣձߺǲˣڸǲ˵ףէһۿȥղ԰׵زԳţֺЦ
ѩվĵشƣ֤Լû
Ϸׯһһ÷˪⼸λʦʦϤ׽ʦֶҲЩ֣˲裬˼䣬Щ䳡
ŵȥ磬ΪҪҪ˻ʦֵŵӻЩССִյصϰף˾һѻյǻ»ڽˮˡգʦֵδ˵ľЩ϶˺δϵֱʮھϷׯٵңרȥݷʦ߲ʰϵ
һЩεؿ׵ĸɺã̷ſյؾشֵаͷʦǹңСֶʤмڴĸһл
ѩ
誵ĸϽ˾ŮŶŵ峤С誹ٻ˵òƽ򽻵ĶΪ̺֮ˣܽӴ߼Ҳĸ岿˾óĸ¹Ӷģ˿ʾ¿أȴͣôһ˵
ȻҲû뵽誾Ȼקôһ秵ĻʱǺһڲ裬Ͻת⣬ϵ
ʱѩԾ˳ȥˣ㲻˳ȥ׳ͩҲᡰ˵ȻȥϢΪЩ񡱡ʱûĬĬվ󣬽ԼĴڸС
嵭һ۵ƵƵ¡ï署Ǳߵ¡
誴Ž˽һԼٸׯھֽķչͷϷׯһԽߵýٸׯھâһʼרע⣬Ҳ˸޲˹ϵ˴ΰٸׯھҶǣҲǿ̵ϣܽ߾ʯȫץ
ѩû֨һֱ誱ϵЩҲշתͨ;֪ڸǰ¶ò̸ˣԸѩïȥԷղϢ⼸մҶתת
һߣѩһ߸ٷ䣬һੲݵش뿪ʼ˵飬뿪ѹȸʮĴʦҲ˵Ҳ߶߶ǻõˡ
ҪĶҴ𣿡һݣѩ˫۾ͳڴؿ誡
Ҫʲôû㡣ֵ˵ѩţ﷭һĲ⿪ֻھҽ̿ҩ㣬һʮСÿСڶýġ
ѩ϶ʱηɫ鲻ԽȥСġһѴ֣üǾ綾֮ˣʲô
Ҹ˫̲˿ףȻȥٿѩЦţ̲סŪ
мҲûùɱˡ誾תعĶ͵ǲҩҪҲõϸ¡Ҫ֮ǰԼˣҿû¾㡣
˰죬ͳƴСĺӵݸѩһ򿪣˱Ƕɫĸɻںǲ˵ҩҶ¥
ллï硣ѩм㣺㣬Ȼô࣬˲Ǯɡ
誰̾һأҪʶôЩ꣬һΪڸ
ҲͼأһһҲÿζܼ誼УǸüδİǰȫ˳Ǹżɶ˺һֻթС꣬ԶԶţݷţصȴŲԵʱ
ʱֻǸھֲϲεϷׯٵҵĿΣ߰ʦ޾ɺáǴһ£üηСµʦڲ⴦ĬĬ۲ͬʱҲ˵СʦȻͷҴСţʵҲǸ˵ϻıڻ
ͷֻһǧï綼ȥһջ΢ھⲻ࣬λ̬ȣҲǡ¶ĸڡûָܳϷׯ
СʦóָһǮʱҲ֪СŮôǮҪһܽ𷭷ٸ׷屶㲻ùǮĶϵ⣬Ҫռһݣһھֵ壬Լ塣
ǸССģڿСŮ侲ظ̸⣬СεľͲʣܵؾ;ãһԼĻ飬Ǻ˼ؾʹӦá׷屶㵱󶫼ҡ
ʵڶûܷǸ׷˱𡪡ȻҲû屶ǧƱ͵ϣѹֱµü޶˯̤ʵ
ôһһţٳɶ࣬
Ҿѩ۲ȥõľ¥Է
誼æģۣ򵥵𣿡
һ̣ջԼĻѩ˸򵥵ģ̯ϣһ棬һƣһסûУۣƫƫλС㻰ϻӴ򿪾͹زסպŲˮϻȦȦ·һԵص
誶Ŀͷֱˮɲŵ뷨Ǻܺã⼸طѡòáƥóطʲôֿ⣬𣿻Ȼɿطˮļơ
ѩϲ֮ɫһһŻ׳ԡҾǸ룬طö߿Ǳ߾ٰ컹
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˵Сľ룬үСС㣬˵С·Ը
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ˣȻϴʱһ죬׷ȥṦǸһ׼Ķ߽׷š
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ռ䷱֣ҹҼҵ̱ջ˴ĶûһſĽֵϣֻлž죬ӳҹɫԹ졣
ѩһҪ˳ȥɱ룬ֻʳ̶ѩѿһ£˱һɱڡ



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СΪȴСһеڶ𣬼һ顣绹ڣϣԱ߸һеСˡ
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ѩҲǣҶǣûʲôӵùλ۾ʵûкøУ䵭ˣæӲװһŮûʲôܻ
ŴԣȴһûбðӣЦСϻֶۣԹֻһŮţСгһձܵóԸʱ飬ʲôأ
԰һ񣬱ȥ߳ȥԶȴƮ飬ԻҶͳҪСҪͻҶͳɡ
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ƹѲ滰Ҳһ֣ص⣬ʱ屾ӦŮ˼ð׳ͩѩ࣬һ͵Ĺغ͹ά
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ͻȻվС˸С
ҶǳĴ˿ͻȻȺһʱס죬ֻǰ֣¶ҶһׯҶ֮ǰСգׯٷһ񡣡
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ֲϱ㲻ֹߵ֮ʦڲ࣬Ҷʮʮдֱ̣óʢһ죬ҶЩλѵҶǲڼздϢһڡϣ·Ӣ܄ͬģҶһѣׯǽ¸صǰھе֮ף֮񣬻ׯĪƴǡ
˻һȺм˵ŵﰵ룺˼Ǽҳʱʦˣ
ѩվᣬۼΪѣôѾˣǵھʲôʱҶȽˣ
ƵƵ徯ؿһۣС⣬Ϸˡ
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ҶǹٵͨзŷھִӴ˿Խٵڣã˷֣൱Ҷ佫߾óıͳͳ˵ھֽ֣ǵڼȫһʮ˴账ˣһУȻҲѹ˵ھּϡ
ҶΧãߵڴˣԭϹ򣬷λһܾ۽֮ׯΪҶǰպԭ֣ûԥĻᣬʱֲһ䡣
ϻ䣬ֻһֱԷûʲôڸеϹͻȻվҲһεաׯ˾壬ϹλһģΪΪҶǰպԭ֣ϧ
ѩüͷһҪİַһ誱㰴ס
ϹĵĴ˻ҲζϹı̬˼״׷׸ű̬ѩڰ΢΢㻹ôѹͶˣľѳۣʦûڶ·ѡ

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ǡѩ̲סЦ㲻ΪҽΧұõھֽ⵵£飬֪ǷģǷҵģ
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ĪẮҲǵһμ棬ײѩŭδһĪẮߴﹾؽεȺ۵ܶ
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ҺȿڲЪЪɡǳ׼أĪẮѩʱӹ˻ͷ˸ӡ΢Цת誵ĪẮؾǶŵҡ
誶ï誼æ񣬻ȴ˿ǡƽѧԭǣʱĪẮѵӦ˵˭ʲôĳĳ֮ģĪẮô򵥵˵һ仰ͷһĳ뷨ǣǿҲ˳ۣ
ĪẮ˵˵˰ͻȻסҲǲ⡣
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ϵ˺;ƣרŵѩԵĽϲˣҶ࣬һҶ˵Ϊѵһ񣬵һ仰û˵
ҶȤˣֱƺȣǲӭ
ѩҸһ˿ˬ̬ȻǺܺõġһƾ٣εңĸһơҾ֪Լôӣ˷ݴûüϳȻˣǻдô
Ҷһ֪˵ھ֣ʹͬЭ˾ʡ
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ֻǣҶѣѵֻҳΪҶͬˣ¶ģһô
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Ŀ֮£Ҷе㲻˼ͳĺӣ򿪸ϡıڵƹӳ£ذ׵ƤںڶйǶżöΣδʣɭȻ֮ȴ֮˶Ϊ֮һݡ
ѩ̲ס΢΢һ£ĨƽЦ⡣ϵؽذסֻǵб˸ȻĹ⡣ллСһ䡣
飬ҶҡͷЦˡ
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һЦձͻࡣѩƲƲ죬Сػ¶һɹɹĻļء
ҶЩ⣬û뵽ѩ֣ܵܵԥһҲûʡѩ˵ůˣ΢ù㣬ػ˼ȥð˼ңẮԼ˵͵𣿡
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ҪǣƺѩʶѾãһھǡƵƵáʱЩ졣

С磨2

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ĪẮҶֱʣҲİʵĪẮвУǰδ׳ͩҲûǰ鳸ƵƵȫŤһȥ
ϹһҶѿĵһ۾Ͳϲ
ǺЦģȴĪẮǰȻУ˵Ƿ棬˫һδ̫ˡһˣһ˫۾δԵЩ֬
ϾϹҶӣҶ仹ѩӶģȻҲûҶѷء
ѩֹǸʽ΢ЦкƵƵΪ֮븸ʶ߶ţ
֮ӦϹӵı֡ȷһͨˣϾϹңӵܶ࣬Ǹˡ
ϹȶҶֶĪẮͶ΢΢ף֮Ҷѩ֮䡣һֱõǰֻһ֦Ľδţ֦ҶذϣҶһˮ顣
Уһ֦ϹսѩЦеʵרŴݡ԰ģϲϲ
ѹ˶Ϲڵ۶׵ģ˵ȴӵ۶ȥ˽ϰ԰򻨣һ·ߵǷˡ㣬԰֪ʲôݵķӣúҲһ˿޵ζ·ôЩ죬ǻɾġ
Ҷѳӱߵأļ㸽ӹŵļƣȰŻһ顣ѩ͵͵գգۣϻЦϲ֮·;ңԶŪȽʻˡ
ĸƨװǻơҶĬĬ˵
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ҶѰҹ»СŲt̨ϵĻ⣬Ŀһ̶û뿪ѩ
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ڹ֮ɡǰҲڲ֡Ҷ˵ôͻȻͬȰӻˣ
ˣܹĳǲͿԲñôΣ뿪Ҷأ
ÿŮʱڣϣԼǸӢۣҹºһ뿹ڼϣŮٻ뵽󲿷£ҹʵǸʵֵңԶ롣
ҵԸϣǸ书ĽɢʿѩЩھε롣
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ҶѴҪϵĶ̸סʵⶾһñ̶ѩѿΡ
ºôǸʼ֮󣬽ŻŮòáҪΪػһѩ˵ңԸѵԸô
ҶȻ׳ʹ죬ȥˬ׳ʵ̫򵥡ϴ󲿷ϣйӲдػȥԸܻȥΪʲôҪһЩˣʵǲӲдػȥΪϻбҪ¡
ԸЩɷ羰Ļʣô½ⶾôع
šѩʱ㡣ҽһֱġïѰһЩõõҩȻعæҲҶǡҲ
ҶѼģʽعĹơԶָ½ⶾС㣬϶ٸѨλȫ𣿡

Ź

ҹˣҶǳڣƻɺһûսӰ֮µӣ෴ҹֿɰ
ʱҶȲ裬ҶǳĸۡǳΧǽߡֺĽΧǽɾʯɣʯ֮˿Ϸ죬ĵжԴвȥмݻʱֻǳģеķѿðźıϷȹ˿˿Ƶ硣챦ϡһСС԰ֲ滨ݣרһȪ˶գֻҪբȪ룬԰ů紺
ŽĿӴʢŵĻջأûܣֻǲ֪֪ı̶ѩѿ԰ʲô顣
ػһֱֻ֪ǲԸͷˡ԰ӱΪѩѿſ٣ǷġҶϻټԺӿѿҲһЩһЩˡ
ŵĿһ˿죬Ǹֳ
ֳɱȳѵˡҶչüЦһתŹҶǣΪ嵲Ϊֳ
һ㶣Ц˵ʲôӲ۾һˡ
嵲ҽ֮ʢУסΪǡʹߡǴϰĺУѡõǸǰδȥǰһΡÿʢ䡢룬Ҫɡס֡˵ô嵲
嵲и˫̥á֮󣬾û˵ŹϢҶ䵭嵲˫̥ѡеĺӣϲԭȨпᣬ˫ֻһˣһǼ̳˴׵λӴ˲ٱְˡ
࣬Ҳûг׵Ϸ롣һڲ裬֮뽫͵סֻǰδ׾ʲŰ
ҶƵ˵Ǵˣ׹󲿼ڴ֮䣬޷һֱġǰҶǣǷΪڹǸõѡ񣿡
ߣžþδ𣬰βһЦȻѡ뻹޷뻢֮ľ񣬵һڴ롣ڿҶԹ˲ϾҵҪʲôܸ嵲ʲô
ҶҪ嵲ҳ״ľӡһ߾ƽĽйģеҲ嵲ġЩ߾ԭѩ֣嵲Ҳùһ֮ô嵲ܱеĵλ޿ɺġ
Цһֺ̣˰ضˣ嵲ɲ㻮ߣ֮ǴûôҿɲϴڶûиʹҲβǻʵôԴʹ˾֪ˣҶ벽ʹô
Ҷһ㶣⻰治Ǵ˵ġ
׻кηֱҪǵ嵲ɵ ŰŪŲյظɾһˮյڲϡҶ˳ᢣ벻һԼˣ
Ҳһ¡Ҷ˵Ҷر߹أҪôʤҪô⡣ҵҲ޷Ǿ֡
ĵŴ⡣¹ڻƽϣһĹâϾ죬ŷʺӵĵطϸܺˮԸгأҶ˴ˣǾȣժ֡
ŵıһ̵ЦݣΪֱ֮ժˡ˶ܿ׵ݣ˭ᾴηأ˵ͻȻһЦŻһžѧ֪Ȥһԣ
Ҷ䱻⻰ʵѧǺΣ
ҿԿĵŲţ˵
һʱĬţͬʱЦЦգҶӵ嵲Ϊ羴гһգԼ嵲죿
Ŀһݣʵ볯ʵۼɵҶϾٲά裬гһȡ֮
˻һҶɫʱ˱䡣
Ű֮£ֻܿһ˫Ц۾΢΢ıΣҶ̹Ȼ۶£ɲǱ֮Ը
ϼɵ٣ҶҲ档ǻ֮ڰУһλĻʵۡҶҶǣ֪սпᣬð֮踣ðܿأ
ŵĿдŶЦ⣬ƵؽֵȻС֮۵ˣزǵ֮
Ҷһ㶣ЦɫΪáתͷ»԰ϡ顣һλʦȻֵûءԵһƷھˣҲӦõ١
ҲǸ֣Ҷǵһ𡣵ҶŭʹҪǵŭ֪һЩź޷ˡ
֮ҵʲôҲһůҹϯոս˻δɢȥǸϻ۶ƽŮڵƻɺ֮סЦʵ
ҶϳӸռγʥּѵ⣬ǷݣȴϲεһֱûзţֻΪҶǹб֮Цֻ֮ݸ߹س֮ŮźۼάҪͽ˶಻ʤ룬ȻҲĬġ
Ȼͱ붺һֵĹڳһѵɫһûãҪʲô˵
ȥҶǿ¸ҵӭĿ˵˵꣬ϷɺһƬּæҲ˵ҶǱ߾һ۹أؿȵ۶˳խݻδȥȵط
ܶܶ䣬ε˲䣬ֱǸŮüĿԽԽģֻʣһǲʱʲôѣʲôΣҲǵˣֻʣǵĿƲɢ
վûʵԸͽӵĵʥּϷҶǣگù顣һѱµҲδͳȥһ֧ľ黨߲ƣ״ɺʮһŶ飬ſԡ
һԺٹ֮ӣܷһھˡ
δҲδǰδͳͰڰͷû˵ڵĻҲҹλ˵̾Ϣ
֮ɻ䱻߲ŮҶȴ֣ҲֻʣЩɽڹԶĵˡ
ͻȻͳһݴֻҪûиʹʵν
ҶĦűӣֱ˵飬ˡֻǣҪģ²ұ֤ܰ﹫õ
žȣһû˵Ҫʲôαؼžܾ
Ҫ嵲졣Ҷ䵭˵ף嵲ȨԼ죬̸δأԥһ£ѾǴˣֺαðձ˵һ֮ˡ
ŵİָԴ̵΢Ц˵˵
Ҷԥһ¡ŮǱ񡱣һϵĴ˵и˼һֻ˵ָӵڳһǮ⣬ξΣ֮СһŮˣ޸ˣ˵ʹƽ
嵲׷磬Щ嵲ŮҲΪǮƷȢһ嵲ŮӣǮҲԭ򡣡˵
ЩţǸúܣֻգýȢŮҲͷ¶棬ɷͬ⣬ΥɷԸɱҲǳе£檸
嵲ӣǵĽãװ֪Ρ嵲ŮӼңŮ겻ʮҪȥΪ׻ȡǮƣĸײĸŮ룬Ůӻ嵲ץȥĸŮ˱ʯ̸ˣɫȻͶܻȨǮнáŮʲôľУֵһᡣΪײӲܡ嵲Ůӵϲ˼̤
ҶؿһۣЩ塣˵ıԶǣŮӣߵֲĵ£Ϊ޸ءŮӾǱһЩҲʮЦٲ׽ͣãĺԸҲʵ֡
Ϊ ŵ٣Ҳڳǰ̸ô
Ϳޢָһǽҡҡҡҡ׹ϾҪϨһյͻȻ

һﾪ

ҶƽüЩ졣
Ⱥ۱һ磬ߣϹѩûл֮⣬˼ǡһصҶǣ誺үӱ޵ȥ
ʮ˴վҪһʱ䣬׵̩һ˻ַׯ÷˪һӦ׼Ÿׯճ񣬸زѩһҶҶ㱨ﱸչ
ǰѩ֧񣬶һͷһ鳵͵͵˽ھֵת濪ʼ󣬲ŷǸ鷳ϸµĻȻĿǰɵֻȹͷһλ׼ھ񣬻һǸΣʲôɵͷͷ
ͣ㣬²ȥСҶѾʵҶҲæµ㡣ѩʱҶܣȴܼ
ѩƤһͷæˣȥҶȥ
Ǹʲôطһʾ֪ˡ˵ϡ󲿷ֺεĶҶǼʣΡʳҩƷ
ϴȥ֮ѩܼסֶ˴õҲңǸȾҶʱͻСһ㣬ڼѧûɡҶ˺öԶ̹зʱҲ֪ôҶǣƹܱ߹ˮ½·˵ܰӡ
С˶ɺӲмǮѩһ翴СǮϡû¾ȥӱתתһڷɵͷߣ˵ҲǱѩ׽ͼȴûؾܾ
ȻҲпǷʹˣһϣܻߴߴְֵ˸һЩץԣ˸ϣѩҳƵڶû˸ҳƵһԣһЩ䷽ȥʷʱָоչ¶һЩԼ˻
µع˽˽˶ٻ̲֮סһء
Ҿҵ־㣬Ѿ˷ˡãſջԺʯϰ̾˼ǸٿھҾķڰʾô߻ҲҶ֪˻ݡ
ĪẮֲ֣ȻҶôӴľ֧
Ҳǲ⡣ǰɣ϶ǳ֮ơ˵ѩ̲סֳ־ẮͿŰɣھվ֮̿ھеһӭչʱĺͨ¡·ͨˣҪʲôûУ
ĪẮЦһ⻰øҶѶ˵˵һ
ҿɲң˵һǳ˽Ҿãѩҡҡͷͷо𡶶Щ죬ҪھҲȥĪẮҪôҪôáϿĵطȥĪẮҩҲ֪ţ˶ĵطŸ㡣
һҩͰĪẮӸʴһȭͷСĿӡ
Ҿ㻹Ƿ·ɡоо֮оҩסһΣѩͼ丱ɫζĻʬˮҩȵһ룬ðһ̡ĪẮۼֿ죬һӴڵأ˸æڱǡΪ˱֤ȫĳԶתƵ˻⣬ѩؿһѪڵϣשȾһƬڣŶʳƿԶǽŵӿ
˸ǺšʾһҩԭѾˣֻʱһԡôУعʩ뷨ˣûʲôãǱع·
ĪẮЦãı߲·ʦûСͣһʵïܸŪôණǲǾͨҩ
ҲܺŪССʹɡѩ˵Щԣϸһïʶ죬͸ôˣ
ҵϸسĬһ̧ͷẮ磿
ĪẮЩεؿһתȥ
ѩ̾˿ҡȷïزɡ𣿡
ĪẮüͷʲôزɣǿѧģ˵ôϣôûܹƽʱʲô飿
ѩЦһܳҶͲˡ鶼ַӽҵģ˼ҾǸˡȺ飬ȫƾʦ̵úá
ĪẮʵô
ѩʲôģ룬ɴ±ؿï֪˼𣿡
ĪẮĬ
ôһʱգʱ룬ԼûйշתûʦһʲôΪһڱ;Ҳ׺䶥ʹѵļ尾շתࡣ
ʱֻǸ򹷹ЩǳСʦѾ𽭺ġϽˣǺ񻯵ġˡǸֲµ˾̾һº͵˵Ҫȥ޸ɽ
ˣͲ˴˵ǸԸŹ֡ϲŭ޳ˣǸº͵ˣǸգƹȺ͡
޸ɽһѧ䣬һ߾ľطջϴ˼ҵĺɫ֪շף˸ƴҪãǸ˸ˡȷǸ츳ĺӡʱ˺˾ƣʵؼĹΣֳһ֦һһʽرȻǸԵõӣãϵҲ˷ˡ
ڲ֪бζӣ갮ԼʦңԽԽ鲻Խġʦ֣ʦ飬ģʦһһʰ·ʱ̲סһһĦ·۾·϶ºζ
ֱֵһ̡
޷һ̣ǸǸû𾪣ŭֻĶĺ
Ͻ̧֣ϵ书ֻػֽɽȥҲҪ׳ûͽܡ˿飬ҲҪ˵ʦš
ô»ҰƵڽƯ˺ܶ꣬ججػӣجج˽֣Īˡһ֮ûˣûѣҲû˵ڵʦҹշתʱ̲סһһԼǸ׳ô
ֱǸŮӡ
Ͳ뷨ȴ࣬һ׿ȴǳغ͹ͬ
һˣֻҪıãлŮʲôϵֻԱ𡢵λĲͬԥǶҲʲôֿĸ顣
һ䲻ΪȻĻ־
һﾪˡ
ֻһҧʮ¾誣Ͻ˾ǵ࿴ۡȻѲǸɬҵ꣬ʮϾģ룬ס⾪һƳȻȥɡ
˵ףĵǷԱԾѹ˭˵һηأ
ѩͻȻѿڶʵŵʦô
ĪẮԵؿѩôڲŻ᲻̫ͻأβŵï˺ܺõģϽǱûôٳ£ϲ㣬Ҳ񡭡ʦԴ㡣ǣһֱʦôһ㣬һǶõС磬˭ίﶼù
˵֣£ĪẮ˸ƿԡһĪẮЦˣһǸҡпܺҩԼ˭ǲá
ֽԳɽңӵеһУϽɣˣĪẮҲͲǸǫǫӵһˡ



µףһ֧˵Ķ飬ؽͻϮǰػ鱨ҶصܽؾһƯķսһɱ˸ֲʧ롣
ⳡʧܣʹϴƣ̫ʧƣѸھϲôǿƵĻλĵһ£ٻ˸ӣҶңңǵĽ졣
ȻλΣδϾñĲ̫ӣǻλλҶǶǸѵõĻᣬʱӵһˡ
ʮ˴վܵ۶Ӹ˱ӡӱ޵͵ҶСҶ飬̲ס¶ʱʲô˲õԸ鷿ﲻסȥ
ӳ͢˴βϳ⡣ϴҶɫ˵
ȻҪʳܲ˳˽Ҷһ˲Ŀϲָ̬֮ʮ·裬··˺ӵʣ򾭹еڼػϣϹ£;еʿշ˼أɵھֽӦһ·ֱҶǡ
ݾǮڿԴ󷽷ؿУϰռҼ˭սҹȥƽ궬ζȹ
⣬ȡһ֮Ȼʧϣڣʮ򾫱Դ͵ĺŽǴ졪һһУʱ˺ͣƺбҶһˡ
ʮٲά裬ƺҪһĶ֮ǰսᡣ
ѩӱߣϺˮ˳˼
﷭л̿Ҳм˾̫ƽʢԼûгͷ֮գϲܵʱԼǸŪȴֵĻᱻͷ򷭡
͢鷢Ҷǣһʮ˴ʿʼ̤˽·ʱûˣҲֻӲͷƤϡŰʮ죬óķȥ㱨㱨֮岻᲻صءһԻ
ѩ̬ȣ޶𷻼䴫ţ˵ʵҲ·˵вУ˵ġ˼ȫƾĥÿÿ׻㱨Щţ޾ϸضˣȴ̲סһһ飬ʲô©䳡һӲͷƤȻջҪȥһ˼
䴿ûһĿ̧ͻȻʵƵƵԺҪߺε
ѩ˸ֲſڽһǿ֯һ˵ǣȻǰѹ㿪·ھ֡
Ȼⷬ˵ǲ⣬ҡͷʵĲ
ڣߵ̵ǽȡƣȡ䲻ͻվ߲һϡ˵ҶٲܴҲǷ˲£ڳ͢Щǲ֪ĳЩ˵棬ڽǾ൱ڰˡ
ǵġ߶ãѩδ⣬һ֪ʵ
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ⷬ޴ѹԼĦóѡȴѡҶѸһ
Ҷѽһ㣬޷ܵջҲҶҪĽȻʵⲢһѡ񡣱ȷó˭Ƿ뿪ı
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ˮƿŸ̴һҶСƵƮĿˮҲμȣڴһȻԵá
ѩĿջԶԶ״кϺá
રળ̣˸֧ϰк߽Щѩ˳ӵ߹ȥһһ۴أڵŮޣüģҲ¼޲ȥ
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ط˷Ƥ²ƢСŮӣѧѧһ壬ͷȻֱ
߰һѩӳ˼קٲ֪ôҲڰοѩǿЦҸȣ˼ҿõģϹҸ߿һۣҸȡ
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˵Ů޿ɲܳüģȻ޶޲ȥֳһ̣ҶѸ״⡣Ҷͳ죬ܡ
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ҡҡͷ̾һڵˡƵƮˡ
Ҿͳȥءѩ˵ЩţĬĬؽ·ߡʱǧ飬ÿһڶ©ϸֻۣҲ©һıֱϰ£֪ԡ
Ҷѵͷʵлţ
ïǵˡѩɿ˵ţǱӦ¡
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ȥأѩ⡣˳ǣô죿
ȻǳȥġţӰ׵¡Ҷһ˫۽Դ棬˵ˣҿŲ׳ͩһؼգãͺô죿ɿڣ¶ˣķǷ֮롣
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ʵⲻˣԼԼ嵽ʲô˼һ죬ʣıͯˡӮǲӮǰܺ棬֣ŲںǺӮǰӮ̵ֻˡ
ϵͷȥɫ˵Цˡ
ıͯЦһ˸˵ǽͷݣһšѾѡˡ
һֱѡϵ̫ӵ£仰ֺα̽أ
ıͯϸһЦݣѡҲУҾҶ̫ãԼ˭ˡѡӲҪվӾҪˡ
ִֶһ£ʵǺ⣿
ıְͯסոշµöӡҶǴ˴γ裬δ̫˳˵ڵ۶ĳı̫ӺӾȻȰʵҶΪе찡
ֹУ縪׳н»ʵ۶ҶĻм֣ϴ³ԼָɫϿһ£Ϲ˻ڰбμǣھڼؽӦҶѸȥ͢תʹһ·Ȼ·ɵھȫȨʲôʱ֣ıǡֻҪûʱ˵Ҷǡ
˵ıͯһЦл

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³壬ʮ·ʣˮ·ˮ·½·½·ԴԴϵ⡣
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ҶѴﾫͬѩҹ̸׳ͩϡ
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γ͢Ҷǵ̬ȣǲת̫˵㡣ѩ˵Ȼ֮䣬ҲҲˣλҲˣ㲻𣿡
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ѩͷͻȻػһҶѡ
ţ˳ҶҲ֪˰˶ȡôˣ
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㲻ҪںòãҶüЦСүҲǰңɱеġҪΪͳְ֮ƾСүı£ڱҲǸˡ
ȻǷŲҶǵġѩ˳ܿ˻ͷʵܺ𣿡
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һѪ᲻𵶵ӡ
㲻֪굶ྫտҶѰ۾΢΢ɳɣǸһһ׷ˣҹӪӪɳӲؽƿһӣһն¶Է졣
졢ҶŲ֮߰
ҲȲϳĵҶ˵
൱֮ˡѩʶ˵УҶߵͬˣֻĪẮ׳ͩˣҶѡϹ֮Ҳ͸Ҷƽ֡ܽаڶ࣬ʲôʮ꽣ʮˡ֮ģѩôа񣬵ʵϵʿǰɣÿλһ׷ϿϣֻŵΪԶŹ㷺г
ѩЦЦٽҶѵĲ磬˵ԼˣϢҶֻҪ;ӣֻǿѩ߼¡
ȴ˵˲˰£ڵѩ˵֮
ڵھֻǸʦְλǹׯϵģʵһ굽ͷʱڲݣݸĶת
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գѩһأ׳ͩʦԤԼĿջ档
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׳ͩɨһѩҶѣϲδв֮ɫºѣѩ˴εʦ˴εǴӸׯһʦḻвѩҲǵһμٲһһѼ䡣
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ҶѻصСЩ֢գް¡ͣһ֪οڣְݵڵͷѺСҪȥ׷ڶӵģִҪȥӶӣжʧ
Ҷ伸ŵ̾һʱ˲ϸƽЩϴȥҷ󡣡
ҶȻ̧ͷɴĻ֮󣬰ŵҶЦֱȥھ֣ЩϺõҩ˵˵Сˡ
ѩһھֱţ˽Ϣľơ
ϴ˰·ֻɫ࣬үһԣ׳ͩλʦվУ˵ȶš
ѩĿб
ʱʱ岻˵û˸ҷԣȼϳƣڳһĺã嵭ͩٽҹ˵һ顣
׳ͩͷǣֽ֮¸һ顣ѩԽüͷšԽ˵̲꣬סʵҹԸһ·̣ͽΪҪҰ⣿
׳ͩҹɫ̫ãǻҪʱеתʹˣвٹ򲻺õĽŷмҪӣҵеֻɫЪˡ
ѩѹֻ֡ǲ֪ķĸ֣ܽھͷ˳
׳ͩüͷҲ΢΢һʲô
Ǹп˭б˵ͩ硣ѩϽˣھͷ˹ʮķͷͩ磬˲ֳ߶ʮһˣʲôˣɱھһʦ︱ͷ
ûȰ׳ͩ˵ѩֵ˽õǵʦֻýͩ㣬ýһֻˡԷֻڽˡ㵱ڸʲô
Ŵ󲡳ɳƣ͵ͷС׳ͩһ£̹Ȼתʹ˳ԡͻȻȣתʹٳ⣬˵ǣҶҲû͢
ҲҰ˼ĵطѩת壬֮ǰ͢ɴڸѺ;裬ڸֶ۽ȥˣΪɱȴŹתʹ
Źתʹ׳ͩ⡣
ԷƻξͣûŹ١෴ҪĿ͸תʹˡͩ˵һֱתʹߣôģѵڽô
˵󼸸֣ѩ΢΢ۣ˼вζ
֡
ɰͷδʧʱսһƬԷ˺ֹʮʮˡʦ̲סڱ⣬ʱǴֲͷڣʶֶصġֻǶԷս˼ˣ˵ĲֻǼ
˻һʦ׷׸ͣƺֻΪʱ䣬ʣûתʹĿꡣ
ңڼʱҶλͳ˵˴ȫȨɴС㸺𣬵;Сȴ˵Ҫλͳ죬ߣҲûַׯôôӡʦɿСǰţǲ˯ҲҪϵġ
⻰ǼۡЩһʦǾڵھָ˶˶׳ͩѩ֮ǰСѩûʲôͷص£˸ǲ
ʱڼظÿʱûʧζ֪
㵱ʱǳ͢ĲǮܰƽ
ǸҶͳʲôǻǵϸŵȴ飬ȻԼˡ
°ͷ׸˼ҿ˸ס
ⲻżҶõʲô˼ѵھԺҪҶ
󣬵־䶼뵽ѩѩ΢΢һЦ첽ǰߵ˵ھҶʦǰ־һ⡣
ͷѩһһھֵˣء˭
һ仰ʹôٶȰ
ѩáİ׳ͩĿⶤϣҲһһ˵
Ǿʵʵġ⣬誵ԶԶ׷׻ͷԶÿһֻֽ޶һˣ粽߽ׯһȸ˸񣺡ʦ
ת׳ͩ˫۾ʱԵɭ쳣ͷ˳ھ֣ôһ£
׳ͩĶʱݺһѣ߳
˳ھֿʮˣ֮ǰһֱһڡȪܱ߶ûǰͻȻ̿·һ·ţ˶ϴ󲿷·ߣȥ껹¿·ߣֵ˽ϡⲽĿһ̶û뿪׳ͩô죬ǮĶģ˳ھֵҵûôԶƽأߵҵôģţͷ
˵ţͳų˳ھֲݵĵѩӹʸ塣Ȼʶ׳֣ͩͷһɫ
ʦ˵誽Ŀһգѩվһ𣬷Ը
˸񣬵ǰС˳ھڱߵĻұ˸ۡǰĳ˳ھֶ˳ͻؼõȥˣھֻ£ȴˡ֪ǰͷ˳ھڱûׯڱֻɢƴھֵĻߡ
׳ͩغȵѩԭΪڼѽ˵αЩң
ݣѩһЦ͵͵˳ھ֣㶯˹ˣھֵ·˽



ʦһֱԹ۵忪˿ڡ̤ʵŮʦӡ̣̬Ҳ͸Ͱʲô֤ݣ
еġׯŵݣȥջǲݸһɽ£תǲ¥¥ϰȥȡСʦָϣǸˣθд콻ӵھֵʦͽʦͳһϰд˸֤
µ˽һ˽׳ͩվʦɫ
ͩվһߵǰɫѲ⣬ʲôҪ˵ģ
ʱڳĬкһǧһ꣬ã׳ͩһµ޻˵
һ˲䣬ѩøɫƽòûзŭһ˿ҲûУֻʧ
ûŲùھϵǮΣʵ
׳ͩɿشûС
һ˳ھһ֮ڿ·ͷ˹·ˣ·ҪǮ㲻᲻֪ھ֣·ûŲϵǮǮ
׳ͩ˫գһԲ
ûǵھֵ˺ڳй˽ʵ
׳ͩһԲ
ããɫδ䣬ָŰ׳ָͩȴ΢΢ͷˣʦϽڽϹģھװ㣬ôżŻôˣôⶼԼ·ʯǳϢˣ
ׯô˵׳ͩٱ磬˵ͷׯϢŭׯ𷣡
ͷ𷣣ҲҪ˵ӳî課ؿ˿ڡƽʱˬʣͱ˵ļơֻ˵һ£㶯ûھϵǮ˳ھţǮ˵㣬ׯԻỮ
׳ͩһ˵صؿͷȥѪܿʹӶͷڵذϡ
ƵƵǣеʦȫˡ彫˦ϣ˰׳ͩһۣû˵δñ뿪
£Ƕͻıʾˣһʱˣ׳ͩǱشӵ̧ȥѪл㱵Ťͷȥ
ͷ˵ſ²ôóġһ죬סȥ·Ϊû˹ܵô
ǡȻ׳ͩͬ׳ͩͷǷׯ˾ĵң÷¹㡢׵̩ͬˡ÷˪ǺݷׯʵʵˣҲֻܳһ䡰÷С㡱÷ҡʱ誷ʣЩŷ׳ͩʦǣҲ޻˵
׳ͩƤһۣⷬûֻԵɵߡ課ޣһƾ˹ȥһƴ˸ƵƵͷʮʮĹ׳ͩ㣬û˹һ£һƣ˱˳ȥһˤü֮⡣
˽ŻׯŲùˡѻԼĺģ׳ͩТţȻһռ鶼ȥˣ˵һǰһԺ
׳ͩһƣɫ˲䡣һĵ΢˻ҧӵȥ
㡪
誼βŭǰ˱Сûһֻ׳ͩһ˭ҲûĶֻеһɭȻϮæƫͷޱ߼ͷƮ
ï硣ѩסߡ
Ű׳ͩͷߣ˵˳ھʽԴҵȥݡţ뿪ھˡ´ټǶˡ
׳ͩ˶ٽŲһ򰮴ű誴ڵأһңʵǱվʲôû˵ֱͦͦ˳ȥ
λʦл˵ѩȫ侲ʵ˵λһʦλƣ誺ѩйͷҲص߳˴š
ˣھʮһʦֻʣˡѩЩĬһԸձɢ˰ɡδҵׯ˵
ҶӶɿվ˴գ˶ɹˣҲûһĻϰµصѩϣʱ˵ھֽţڴһ£ѩΪжĸˣӲˡ
⻹ֻھֲ棬һǵõŭͲǵԴˡ
СƮűУરળ̴ɿڣֽɿľ׮һףǣסСۡҶһأͷЩСᣬͲ󣬳ŸҪôԶЩžͶģϺ۸Ƶġ
ҶѽĿջЦ˵Цˣ˭߳ˮ½ܰӣ˵۸ң·ǵô£ҲվĲǣ
ʲô߰ĵġôԼˣ
ҶŹֵؿŷ󣬿Īô
ǸŮأ۰ԣզˣϺ˵㽵סǸŮӡ
ϡҶѰ̾һ˵ˣװɣиʲô¶ˣˣͱˡô¶Դڣûһ٣ɵҲ֪˺֡
һ̣㰡治Ů⡣ϱҴҵ˴Ժܵġ
ҶѲΪȻҴҵ˴ãȢɵżԳԼӺܽѹСŮһͷʲô£
֪һЦҽʮˣȥСڶɡϺͲ֪ˡ˺֣ʲô£ͳ죬ͷ˵ĵֿۣĵزһ䣬ĪẮǰҲ뿪Ҷǡ
Ҷ˼£׷ʵĪӣߵģ
ǰɡ˵źˮȥķ
ǰĪẮСڶɡе磬ɴڸתת
ǮܹҶģ㹫סõĿջõľƣõĹӣתһȦ֣СڶɸģûʲôóԺúȵĵطڶɿڴţ£ƺˮ
ȱľġ
ſڴɫһᴵ飬ˮˣҹλεĵƣƿƺҹһ·
ӱߣһһ˲˵һУһڰߣĬصȴţ泯̫ںͷϼӣȾúԣȻ䣬ֻƳĺһˮ񣬽ţһһĺӴӼԶĵطӽ𲨾顣
Ҷ͵վֻʮϣƿˮķǼʻΪ׵Ǹ׳⺷ĺӣϰһϼзŹ⣬ֳųݣһݱһݣƻֺҶǿ
ߵģȻеĪẮ
Ҷѵ͵ȼϣһ𰸺֮ѹ˵ҺֻǽԽԽĴӡɿ⣬ΪǺңңֺƺʮ˶ܰʺáϣĻʮ˶ඡ
ţĴԽԽԽԽ죬ԭųһ͵Ĵӽƣ壬ƺƵռ档
રળһ̣֪ﻹǸҶ˵ʮ˶档Сױɡ
û״ǴϵãĪẮһ˰ϡ𾪡һϲҶѣֵ΢ЦŻӻ֡
ʮʣҶͳ죬հɡ

ѵ

磬ھִСƵƵǰδеѵ⡣
ѵֻһΪ˴ڵĸˣûú;ѶӣΥ˵ھֵڼɣھֹء˼ˡ
ׯׯھһտʼѵʱһֱ˵ơѩü˳۵վڵأصģѵؿ俴ĻŲʱ䡣
ѵĶȻ˸ƨɶûʵˡļɫĴʦɤһߡŲյЩŵһ¡׳˵˺Ȳ裬էŵȰʦƵƵҲ֪ˣգϻˣ죬ú÷˼ȥɡ
غһԸҶ˵˵ˡȥɡ԰뿪˴ѵ
׵һ뿪ѩ̱Уһ˿شȡԵï磬Ҫڣƻѵʱ
һͬ飺ʦѵһôãֲô
Ҳ㲻Ͼðɣǰһѵһҹءѩһ£ô£׳ͩˣȨɧˡ
ЩǡƵƵ˵׳ͩйص£ֲ˵ʲôʦʮ꣬һУ书ھҵ񣬶Ǵʦ̸ģôˣڷŻɽƵ۾˼ṫԼǳ˳ھֵˣھֽˡ
ѩƣس˳ͷȻأ书򽭺ۡһֽʾ׳ͩѵھʮ״ţϹٸɸ·ܵʦʣˣʱٰ÷ߡ
ҡҡͷնݲƵƵߵһǴһ𣬰׳ͩ뷨࣬ʲôģ
ʵҲжҺܺõʱġǰСʱ򡣡ѩСһ䣬ï磬⣬Ƿǵһˣǲ÷ʱ뿪û÷Ҫʱˣԭ·һزסȥʱ÷һ÷ڣ÷߲ˡ
һ£ЦУء
˵ţֻſڶһ̽ͷһۣѾˣŵŵңС㣬Ҷͳˣǰء
ȴ˵ҶǱߵȵʣпϲæҶؾ㡣ԼȵϣܽһƣҲƵĻҶü䣬Ҷ䣬˵ˡ
ҶĴʯͷҲ˵أЦôûǰ㣬ˣ
˴һǹҶ䡢ѩ֮⣬֪ʵľʱɢɶʮͨĻһ𣬲۵ؼڷæˮ·Уƺʮ˶棬ھֻ֪ڣֻ֪ˣƺʮ˶ֻ֪һػĪẮҲǼ˻ƺʮ˶ˣŲ³ʲôҶӰһĺ߹˴θǱġ
ͬʱĵˣʮ·账ıȻ벻͢ڲ˵Ҳˣٹ֮ƽݵķ
һ꣬ʱ㺣һҲ˵ڡֻңң塣
˴¹ش󣬲ʧȻ֪ԽԽáҶ俴Ĳɣɴ۲ľȥھ֣ȥɡ
ȥʱ·˼ԺӣҶͳԥۼˣȥһһëë̡
ǻ廹ûѵ꣬һһԶкҶͳãСѵءȥͨׯ˵Ҷˡ
ŵҶѸϽס𣬱ȥ׳ͩߣȥ˵ǸׯϽͰھŻ¶ŵ˽Ŷ壬ȻӲĶ䡣Ҿȡ
һȾ͵ȵڡҶһûԷ˶Ҫſˣ̧۰ԹһԹׯѵС⻹˲δذɣǲİ
һЦҶͳԵȣҸȥ
һɫѩҶѡ
ͻȻЩ˼ЩЦǵͷȥҧǡҶ类ëëŪڲͷ䣬ȻףУһӰ鲻ǰƻһ⣬԰׵ҲҲȾɫ
˲ҶѱȥҶͳ쵧˵ϵëẹ̈װĵߵ£ѩǰһݣǴ˵еĵȵûл˰С㣬ٲлˡϽøƿ
誺Ц˿벽ͳˣƵƵȥԵ㶫˴ˡ°΢΢ѩ̧̧ʾҶѣְѵúðοһ¡
ҶѸмؿ˶һۣС˸ϵ
ѩûⷬ⣬Ծؿһۣ㲻ԣ
Ҷѣ
誣
ѩֵẮҲˣӦҲûԷȷԣ
ʱ֮˾ڳͷһСƹݡ
Ͼ͵ˡʵϣҶǿƷʢ֮Ҳʹӳһ·ԽԽ䡣ս֮أƶԽǮȨץʱһǧ𣬻ͨǮƶ˿УյڴһȼΪʵֱңңڡ
ѩԭΪԼѾҶתˣȴû⵽ֵĳϾȻһרϲ˵Ĺӡ¥Ȼ࣬Щҳˣ㡢˿÷ŹʲôۡĪẮʵѾԹˣɸſһһԵʹ졣
°ɣʵǳġֱǰҲ֪ѩСĵؿҶѵıͣ˵úأϢǴȥй¶ι
Ҷһõƺ֣һСѺ浱ƵǰôȻɣʲôġͣ㣬˻ûþͲƣ첻ȡ
ѩ㬵֡һڣȷ԰׵ѪͻأüҪƤͷ˽࣬ͻȻʲôƵһ٣üڷ˭
˾һ㶡ѩϲϣ˾֪Ҷ̾ϳʱˡ˳ô꣬ҶΣ֮ʱҲδûʱѳ
Ҫ̫ˣӹһʼƽԲ˾ʮ˴ĳﱸҶ䳣ϲ۳͢ع³ǣҲ̸ķѡٹϰˣ·ھ־ǣʮˣ;Ϲְصطл˵⣬ȷĸڶп©ѩֱڣ
ԺҪൣһˡ˹ز˲˵׳ͩջȳ²ò˶þͻ½֪ڣھֵĲǳҪ붯Щֽ練ơ
һĬѩĪẮһۣò׼Сʦʲô̬ȡ׳ͩϽʱĪẮѱʦš׳֪ͩԼйôһʦ֣ĪẮԣ׳ͩǸҲزȥʦΨһϵ
ôһ̵ĻѩͻȻ뵽ĪẮ˼ô꣬ȴÿһҲϣӰ׳ͩϽֻƬɡ
ô룬ƺҲܿ
ѩï磬ȻԺ˳ھֻһ鷳谭䲻һʡüѹ׳ͩɲ¡
ͷ֮ʡĸ֣ǰסƵƵԵֶΣĳûֶΣĳòˡ׳ͩô򵥣¶۶ȽϺá
ǧ𡣡ѩһ࣬˵ïɱñӣҾúðھܵҿɹܲˡ

ֵ

ҹɫȻһǹؼһ졣
÷˪Ӽնû˯áȷе˵Դ֮û˯һȾ
ææµµĽӦ׼æ£ƴҲҪ׼׳ͩغݡѩ÷ھзأׯò˼÷¹㸸ŮӡʹЩǷǸ˶ɰû뵽ʮĵط˽ٷ˷ٳ
÷˪˴ȥӦʱ˶ˡ׳ͩѪ·ϱѬúһһ㶵ؿǽ˵ͬţػ÷˪ʮԶ̲ס
Ǵ׳ͩһҶģ׳ͩͬ⣬Ǽգ־񣬵Ը÷˪մΡûֵ֪Ҷˣһװȳ²֣˳˵û˻ܷ˿㴫׳ͩŲùˣ˽ŻھֵϢ
÷˪òˣȥҶҰ׳ͩ׵̩ˣʱˡ׵÷¹㡣
÷¹岻ã֮ǰ׳ͩҶֵ֮÷зڳ֮˶Ĭûи֪÷¹㡣ۼ÷¹ֲŲط׵̩÷˪֪һȥˡ
ԽԽ÷˪ѺҲ˯ţ衣һճһģ ͩ磡÷˪󾪣͵ش˴
׳ͩڴ£ʪ͸ˡƹ谵ӳһϣϵûãˮһմ䦳ǳ졣ôʧǵվţĻа緢ɡ
ͩ硭÷˪ʱʣɡ˲ϳţƿܽ
׳ͩûؿβ˵һ仰ȴûڰ
˵ʲô÷˪ɻʵ
˵뿪ھˡˡ÷÷ߣ·¶ʲôһ㣬׳ͩþظߣ
÷˪ŵضɿ䡣
ߣȥУ֪仹𾪣ݴſģͰ͵ʵͩңǲ˽ŻǲŲ˹˵Ǯ
ǡ˳˳ھ֣ʱͷھ֡׳ͩһ߬ס÷˪򡣡ûŲù˵Ǯ÷÷ǲңҲ𣿡
Ϊʲôׯ˵÷˪Ҳ֪Լûп޳Уˮˮӽ֯һҲû˹̵¶ȡΪʲôңôǮ
׳ͩ죬һԲ
Ϊʲô˵÷˪ͻȻŭʵŻΪʲôЩЩ˵ôֱͦڽߣҪھƲô
Ҵ˳ھ𣬾עھƲˣ׳ͩ˻ȥ񼤱䡣÷÷ôףֻҪҾܾȢѩã뿪ǳġǰһл룬Ҳ׹ˣׯԸھ̣ˣˣѩҲң
仰ס÷һʱԷסˣ֮䣬Ψ
ҲٶӰ˵ͷˣЩھô࣬ýһһģɱ˿ңΪýׯյŮ÷÷Ҳġһ߰ɣ֮ǰҲ˵ƾЩʲôڽ㣬ǿ԰ѳ˳ھǿԭһھֵġ
÷˪˫Ĵ۾űˣ״İ׳ͩԥض˶촽һĲ
ţͬˣ׳ͩϲۣ߬Ҿ֪˶ңҲҰҡ
𣬶ͻȻԶȥһըڵأ
÷÷Ҫʲô
׵̩ɡ÷¹վС÷¹ݵ꣬˵ô㣬Ϻѿǵϵġ÷ʮʽ÷ҹĴˡ󣬵ÿֶһش÷˪ϡ
Ҫµʦ汳ھֵô
ʦ棿׳ͩһЦ̧ĨһʦϽˣھôЩ꣬ߵѵڣ˵յ·ʶھ֡ׯ˭ʦ˭棿
ûׯ̸ΰʦϽ£̸εͷ÷¹÷÷⼸һֱû£Ϊ;֪û뵽㾹Ȼ˵Ĵ÷¹һȡ
÷˪˵²ŮТŮԣǧҪ
ҪߣҾˣкɣ÷¹һָ׳ͩ÷Ϊھֹɶʮ꣬ҪŲù˵Ǯھ֣򿪵·𣿰
÷˪һͷȥ޵
ֱֻȥ׳ͩ䣺ͩ磬˵仰ѽ˵
ҹɫڣƮҡĵƻղ÷¹׳ͩôĻţԼһйŵ÷˪վŵ÷¹㡢׵̩һ硣֪˶ãȻһЦʹ޵÷˪תײײҹȥ
ô뿪ˡ
պѩӵܳϴַׯѶϢ֮ĬĬûӵȥ
ʵûĿʲôŰ׳ͩ˵ʵû˵Ǯѩյ۾ïңԭֻȥݣûֳ
Դϴ˳˵֮󣬸תƵѩæµе㻳ķճû˳ȥ壬ֻ誶հϾǶܣˮ½ˡ
誷±ʣΣʽԴ϶⡣ͷмǮ㶫ҴСмǮһڿô·ٸׯھܿǻļױģҲͲ˳һ
Ųù˾ôַʽܲ鲻ҿһʦ̳ġѩ
ΡһʼһǧӣǲҲլŲôƽôñ˿ô
ѩ
һʦ̳ġֶζࡣ˵
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Ҳǣǰ׳ͩϸǿŮƵģҰŸҶѲظѩֹ
ѩΣ˼ҵջ˵ǸҶʲôȱƵģ¶Ǻܡ
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عʱ䣬ҶҶ˸飬󣬶ѩڴĿ⣬ζ̵ҡҡͷ
ڡ˫صҲǺԼԼҲûʱͲִˣعؼ¼ϸϸоһ㣬̽λ壬ҶһǿϢ̫֮⣬ȫûûʹģӦģҶȻһݣҲûκβףֻһýҶѵѨλʱҶҲио֮Ȼ
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ѩһعǱ飬ˡ֡ǿЦˡ
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Ҷ˼ĿſסԼһѩֵĳ嶯ԽǴʱҷͻǰֱۣ棬˴ֻһƵľ룬ܿԷԼӰӡ ĺòãҲġʱ䣬ҡҶѷŵ˵ʱɤɳƣһһײѩĶĤࡣѩҲ͵͵ػӦš
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Ҷǵ·δͨ;Ҳвٴⲻ˵ûЩЩ·һʦɻׯԽҲֹۣѩԸڡ
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Ҷڵ̤ȥһ߷ԸߵӰˣʵ˳֪ͨŲϼҡ



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˵˹ҶѶȻ˹ڵֻǵ֪׳ͩѳھ֣ҴС£̽̽ʵһץֻ׬ˣû뵽׳ְͩ·ɱ֣ҴСˡ
ھ˹ȺйЭ飬ÿȺһʹ·ѣ˹ȺôٵھֵڳھֵڳֻȼǴԭ˹ȵᵽ֮ǰڰ׳ͩͷʱôΣǴɽԭʱȡ˹ȡ
Ҷ֪ͨׯŵ˸ƽظ֪Ҷѡ
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ƽǸСǸ˳ļƣһҶߵĴͳ죬һǵнĵͷߣ˭ѹסֱ̫رƵöڸڸ没
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Ϸɫ˽ϼҲҵ֮ܶ࣬Ǯǳе£ҶͳͻȻһ֪ıʿ
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˵䣬иСսս󡭡ͳ죬ϼҡϼүˣ˵ͳ졣
ҶһٿȻ鵶ϷֻϷҺһСָڵϡҶؽһ˱ڵϣԸϼү͹ȥ˵ȡйʽѹۣϼж˹ѹᣡ
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һʱҶ̫ѨӴ߳ǡʹҴС㼫пɽׯѴ˸ȥ
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˼һ£ҶѾСǱׯտ⣬ڻҶǡȥЩȥ׷ׯ
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ɱּǰͣ½ŲʰͰʦҲ׷˱СֻŮͷˣһֻּһƤ۵ԸӣɫԸһȴС뿪



ȥһƽƽը˲Ŀ֪ʱ׳ͩ岽⣬
ѩȻԭΪ׳ͩڽδϵṦҲ˲ԼûҲδ֪ؿ
Ѱ÷˪ã׳ͩЩŭ常ŮɫҲЩס÷÷
һ⻰ȵϣԼȲʲ֮£ڷҪˣ÷÷а⣬ھһȥ˻ܼ÷÷һ档
׳ͩţǰһʵ÷÷
ֱ̧һ˹ȥ׳ͩ󣬺Ȼ˶һһ˿սϣѩܡѩһҪȥ︸ףһס󣬳С㣬ߣׯ÷ˣ
һѩѩҧҧŤͷߡ׳ͩ齣Ҫ׷죬ڶ֮䣬һߴһȥ
֪ҲΪ׳ͩĽȡ֮ǰͰ׳ͩȥϽ£ǿ⺢ĺʣЩ׳ͩͷްܼδ⺢ӵѧֵز涯ŷֽɽв˳ĺֺƽٵ壬󱲶Щˡ
ۿžԽԽһһöźŵһաʱǰ죬źŵǿзһתӣ޴һһתѩ˺«έУڵ϶ܡ
Ͱ׳ͩźӰعٶСǸ͵·ӣʢʱһһʯƷһͷţҲͽʱˣ㽥·硣
ѩļü˳ȥһʱҲ˲ǲǶҴСˣֽһ첲šѹס£һ˸գ¶˱ţ׳ͩһ͵ģ屻ĵļֽ
ضŰ׳ͩ
׳ͩΪЦˣׯҪһܿһԺ˳ȥҪ˵Ŀҹô
ȱȻЩδ㣬㲻ôȥʦ£ΡŮҲи㡪ǶƵƵҲδôġһָŰ׳ͩбʢҰ㵱㵹˵˵жԲĵطԼԼϧ˱һƬģʶʮ꣬ôô
ôһ˲䣬׳ͩӹһ˿˵顣ŲסŴ壬þû˵
ׯ㻹ǵСʱһιҳҩ˵ԹԳҩ͸ǳôִٵЦһ£ʳǶѩòõķӣǻôˣһ常ʲôУǻĺܺáĺиüӴгңҲܽ㸸ףֻܽׯ
ЩţΪ¼Ǻޣڱѵھ֣
Ҵδھֻ֡ϣҵԼ׳̧ͩ۵ҵĺãΪҶھãѩãѩòҪңǾԲھֽһװġӶ㲻ϵˡ
Щı÷÷ôȶ課ôǿȴǿŮܺ÷÷һһúТ㣬չ˺ѩãӡһʧȥ˵ŮļֵϾġ
Ĭ磬Եعιͷ׳ͩƺкܶ໰Ҫ촽˶ȴˣЩҲˣʲôӦһűǡֻ߳ȥͻزͷҺܱǸࡣʵ⹦ԼŮϣѩҲڴˡǿŹʲô͹ץԵģǰǸſİˡھֵص
Ļӣ˵һѩͱһѪܵࡣ«έɨһۣ·֪ѩУר˵ġ׳̴ͩٵЦһתߣׯǷǻˡұ֤ھ˳ھչгͻһѩΣ͵ǳЩίһи÷÷һϵûУ㲻ҪΪ
û˵㡭ŭֱ̧׳ͩȥ׳ͩһ㶣˵ⷬĻ㹻һעĳˣû뵽ȻҪ֡Ӹ죬带һ̧֣׳ͩسһӰ磬¡
ѹƵòܶѩȻʹǰڡĿѣסһ죬ͳûڷȳˮ΢һ첲һһֻ͵߬סһĸ첲ָ׺ݺ
һð׳ͩҲ˫˫סˡû뵽׳ͩĶԼνƺ׳ͩҲû뵽Ȼûܿһ̵òôһ˲䣬׳ָͩ΢볷ֹѪûӦ֧ƿնǶȵ꣬ؿ븹
ʯ䣬׳ͩ«έ΢һۡƮҡ«έԲܶѩֻһͷ֪׳֪ͩ￴š
ͻȻԺһʹһ֣һֵصѩ󲱾ȥ
ҶͣظϻҶſڽһֱͨӳҶ鷿
ϷСӲţһָһ˱ڳЩҶҪĶŽػܱƺڷ׼ö֪Ϸȴҩǣڴĩĳ֮ʱڳտҩ̵ıκݡ
;㷺ݱô٣ҩͲࡣϢһҶʱͷʹˡȻؾʱʱҲų͢Ҷһţռռˣڱ߹أǻΪ˵ҶҶҾǵ⣬ǳؾǵķ⣬߷ܴ⡣
ϴҩʧ֮嵲ŹѸٽȱҩĲϡҶͶұŹһֳ֮嵲زչ죬жɹ
ҶüͷһԸҾ͸Ľдţ㽫һҩĺҩһȥأ׼
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ҶѸϵھʱողڡ
ĪẮҶ䶼ڣ˸˼ԶھɫҴңٴУ˴ֻ˭һ˵ͻھϿճƶӣϺˮƴСĵط׻
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Ҷ˫Ŀ죬һԲת¥˳ȥ

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ѩԴ˱㽫Լȥòִ٣ھ඼ˣû£үٳţԸʱĳá
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ҹȥҶǻãȴԼûʲôġ
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ҹ޲÷齭׳ͩҳñһ̣һһֵĥѩܵܵĿ࣬ͳͳһ顣ҶǾһ߲ˣߣһʱҲ֪׳ͩںεء㲻ýˣϵûĪẮôࣻҶǴͳţܶ鲻Գ档
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ү߰˸ھֵӣվ£ѩǵھҶǽʣ֡ҶΪҶĴĪẮҶֻѩæĽʿʮ
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һٲȻԼ˰ˣүϸϸѯʷˣĽʿһһӦ꣬˵ʲôƵƵð˼ĪҶѿ΢΢죬û˵ʲôҲʱ˵
˵䣬ֻһ죬ѩһɣ߳
ֱϣӳһɫԵɫ״һ㡣촽ҲʧѪɫ̶գǸĹΣǷ
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С㡭ү˵ֱˡ׵̩򣬳ѩûܿƵھֵĹǡ
һĬΨŷζҶɳɳ죬ͥ˾㿴ѩڡΣѩڵھֲᵹ
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ʵϹڳǰҹ͸Ҷǣڳǰ̸
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ھڽʮأϳ֮·ά֮ΣҳȻҸڻڡس塢ȼʮֹأھ򲻸
ѩܣھǰ;δλʦԸھ֣زҹ裬ǡı·ھҲضλ
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ĬУүѩߣʱˣѩ̽һϵȥ
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顪˻գơͷڱ֮󣬲ɽ£ХޣѩŲңĿбӣֻǻĲµɽ¶ȥ
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顪˻𣬾ֽǮ׷ƶ˷ȥһ£׷գǧ׵裬ָ;
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ׯŮҲû뵽ѩȻԼݣһʱ֪ѩЦһ£߼ȥȴֱס󡣡Ϊ˶Ľ㣬ȴܶʧƽͳԸΪô࣬Īֻĸɣ
ѩüΣθɣ
Դؾһ֮Ҷѱδ档Ҷÿձһȥھ֣һֱ߻˲ľ׳ļɳ˸ֵĿݲݣȴֻӦꡪѩң˵Զֻһףѩæææ
ˣҶѱȥѩæģƻ𼸴γҹϨŲҶҲģһҹѩĵһֱûϨҶѾڽϿһҹվ˫ɬ巢ϣѩ⿴ҶĿԣңңһ󣬱ع˴
˵ʲôأδ֮ǰ˵ʲôͽ϶ˡ
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Ҳǣͬһʦ̳ģİ׳ͩܲᡣҸɵйϵ񣬵Ͼ˳ھ֧֡
ǰյ̫ҽĻţ̫ҽƣڡ˫ԭȷûʵмҲһʴ¼ϸ̫ҽ˼ǣȴ۶ԷӣһȥԴ˫֮
ѩ󣬽źòᡣԸ˻תүѰҽ
˷·ҶվǰҲ֪˵Щʲôá
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ҶѺһϣǧζͷһʱҲֲ嵽ʲôζ
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ҲǸǸҡѩȻٿ㡣



ҶŭҲܲˣǰֱӰѩԼ
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ãѩĻ̧ͷ̫ҽţϣȥ۶ҩá
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Ҷ˵ءȻѩ˵ÿһ֣ǿٵѣȴδѩ˫ɣע޷תѡ
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һһˣһ˿ԶѩȻпܻǰҧһֻһҲ˵Ļ
ͷһη֣ԭҲתǿҵĺ;ͬʱط֣ں޲ǰˣ᲻˺һָͷ
Ҷ˫Ŀ죬ʵЦһָֻѩ磬ףҸɷҲҹҹؿ˰ͷϣ
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קĸ첲ӵѩʧ̧ͷĪẮԭ˲֪ջġ
ĪẮһƵϣҵϢһһλֱƽƵƵ̾һαԿࡣ
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Դӽھ֮ѩ룬ҪĲֻ࣬Ҫһʱ䡣ֻҪһ㴭Ϣʱ䣬ܴھġ
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һѩͰԼ˸УӲҶѿŽҶһھָѩ˵˵ûҶѴʱۿͻȻļҲ룬ذεͷն
һæܣһɱ֮ܲ˵ϯ綥޷Ҷת۳ʮһ誱ƵúòǱһϾͼѪ
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誻³һˣȥѩҪҶ˺ụֽ̈ɶ誰ڲ˺һʧǵ˵ҪˡҪϹ
ûͷûԵһ仰÷е㲻ϵ⼸ļƣǰģ䴿
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ʱֻƸ֣ھΣһѣֻ沨
ҪôҪôҪôӸ
ֻиԵɣΪ˵Ҳ
ͬؿҶһۣʹذοһ䣺㡭뿪ЩɡʱУƵƵһףġ



ʱת˲ţһУѩҶǺò󣬱Ƚ˻
ʱֻһСʱװĴ䡣ǸʳĴС㣬Ҳܣ˺Щһ᲻ö
ȥҶУһ滰֮ҶͻȻƵƵ㲻Աƺɣػĸ磬鵣һݲΪ㱾ȥǽһߣΣ
ѩ˴ۣǧ֮ݹأԭǲġ
ԭھеƸܵģǱ߹ؾˡ˺֮ͷԶҹϮزҶǣΪȻؾɭԴǱ˸æңϢص۶ǵýŭּؾְܽ䲼ּ⣬ҶԮء
ҶѾԳ͢ĳν費ˡһƸ棬ν˼ǧԮء
˵಻࣬˵ٲ١ؾǲ̫ࡣӽĿһҶǣԼҲҪ׼Ҷ˵
ǳ׵ܵҶ䣬仰Ҳ䡣ɶνؼǳ͢ɵǸղǰն˳ôûͷĶ̡
Ҷû߰£ɧſھ磬Ҷ̲סЩЦ⣬ʲôǧ֮ӡҶǻǺܰȫġҲûͷʲôˡ˷ػ㣬㱾ȥ߰ɡ
ѩ˳ӵظ˳ǽܽһӲǽŵüæ˱Ҷһֹ֣ӿֻѩһ˸ߡ
ãҶͻȻʣƵƵǰ۶
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ѩ˵ʲôͷĬԡ
ǵûϸյǻ֮ʱڵ۶Сүһ档Ҷ˵ҡǿƣ汲ѪϲµĺҪˣڵ۶ˡʣʱ򲻶ҶҶ汲صĵطΪξͷǵôѹҡҾƫסҶǣúðҶǲٳֺã֪ҶûҶϲС
ڱ뿪ˡҶǲҶ֮ǣǰ֮ǣǧҲὥû䣬Ҳ߻Ϊһóǣⶼ˵׼ףҶһ죬ΪҪ֤ԼǲɻȱҪ֤ҶԼǼᶨģ𡣡
꣬ǷǳɰתͷգͺڵúܣҪΪһЩĹҵʹһĴˡ
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ҲǹֳҶѩߺܶ࣬ͷܿʵмҺܺ棬Ҷ˵Ҷҹߣڸϲ׵ģ޶ȱ֤˶աΪҪƵƵȥأ
Ҷ䵭Ҷгġ
ĿͶңԶȺᰣ˶뽨ҵҶȴǷҪػһһľʱԹٿ࣬Լ˸ϧҶǺɡܽô
ǰҶǰ޳ЩҰҰûʲôֱҶǴŲԼѩ˵ûϳûҶǣʵʲôǡҶǾҲػĶ
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ⶼĵģĵǣԼѹͲ˫ܽ⿪ʵѾҶˣΪ˺ҡҲѹżҽҩԼġ
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ѩǿЦʮ֮߰ˣҲ࣬ƾαȱ˶˼ء԰գѰ˸ɣҶ³ǽȥ
ʱ嵲ŹϳǽҶ䡣ѩĲɵһ񣬺Ѽ뿪жţλ߲㵽һȥˣֻûǰְȤʮ㣬ٲȻû˼Щˡ
߳ѩͻȻִͣӻͳƵݸš㡣Ǹʹ԰ɣãʵûⶫҲշµġھ嵲ڽкҲ᲻ҡ
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ĪẮıЩȻǵǡ
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ѩһھı໰أǾ
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һֵ˰ˣ˵ʲô˼̸ϱѣ̸ԹޣֻǸи·ҪߣѾúˡټҲ̫ѿ
˾һһֵһ̳ƣȵʱѩ΢Ųˡͷؽؿһ΢΢ţòһֳһֻҪȥѩ
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վֿ⣬̼ҿڵھֵĲֿмĴҪ䣬ɾͽӸվ䣬Ǵܲɻ
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˾ǷӦѸ֮ˣͬһʱ׳ͩһأѩϷһ̤Ʈȥ֮Ȼء
ʱѳʣָ׳ͩ
޲ðǧУǲǣ׳ͩЦʵͦεģҲǿʵģһ裬Ե粻
Ƭ촽ôһ¡Һıͯͷ󻼣޲ǰɣϧıͯҲҵͷޣҾˡ
ٲ֣ⱲӶѰĻˡ

ԶΡʽ

δ䣬ѩѾ˹׳ͩδ㿪
ǰΣΪԼУѩǼԶ֣ʱ׼ܴʹ򣬴򲻹ܡ
ʱۺ죬һ־ɱС֪Լ׳ͩúԶҲԣһԾֱײȥ
׳ͩϡ֪ѩعԭϷŪ֮ģѩɭȻһ˿ͷƤ
׳ͩЦ⣬
ƽĶۣ׳ͩĹĪẮҲѷáѩԭԼṦڡֿ죬׳ͩס׳ͩͼֱһСơճܵؽĽƲס˫ϸܵذһ
ѩ飬ϰ׳ͩͺñȺײͻΧá
ҲգתƵ׳ͩ࣬䣬͵һ̧ۡ
׳ͩһƽƽһ̧ۣȻҪȭƣѩƶˣװֵֹĻɰ׳ͩΪҪģ̌۵ʱԼһȥ΢΢ÿ
ɲǵãѩץס˻ᣬ͵һƿ׳ͩĽ˳Žƣббɨ׳ͩС
׳ͩȻһ˲ˣѩϸûаá߹ձʱһͷ׳ͩ˷һĽǶŤתʺŽùȥַֽ֮šشѩ¡
ѩȻҪãѾҲŰ׳ͩһһ죬ȻȻŤҪһùȥ
׳ͩȵľһ£ѩת˽һ˲ŵֶֻѩģݺȥ
ѩˤȥɰԶվվ
һƣ׳ͩǷڴǰѩ˵׼һغ࣬һƣֻѪӿһζһӾͳڱС
Ӳʻȥ˿еѪƲסѪӱϱıͯ˵˿˺ѣӽѪֱϣӲعڸ첲ϡ
׳ͩһĳѸٸȥûѩվĲӣ΢΢һ㣬ʹͷֱϰ۳һŽҪϵĹ
㷽ţҶôţûп㣿׳ͩ䣬˵
ѩ͸ἷۿŰ׳ͩڲֻ֣һʹ
ҾûһϢӦǵ֪˰ɡܻһսĻ׳ͩϸ˵ţ÷÷ʱǵҵһƣɽµġôһȽϣҶ֪ҶǱҲһǱˣһ档
ѩ־㱣ļ仰ǻĴʹʹࡣŬţڰ׳ͩ΢΢
衭ӡѵ³֡
׳ͩЦôŪѩָ΢ɣ𣿿ʼˡ½˭ӮˣҶֵܣ
Ȼս̤ƽҶ𣿰׳ͩ룬밡ֻɾһ㱻˾ĹǸһҪһİŮߡ
Щûȥ⡢ȥ˵塣ţеһУѩƮƮһ䡰÷Ǳ׳ͩɽ¡ĻУΪҽ
ʹʧѣ÷
ҲãɴҶΪԼᡣµ񣬻ʲôأ
ʱĳճ־õĶţǧ˵Ĺͬƶ£յĶԾھ֣ˣǴ߻ⳡս𣿿ҲЮУ޿κε
׳ͩذ۾
սƶ𣬺ɱ˻ϸϸȥʵֻз紩ҵ֮ӹߣս췴ƮƮ죬С
һ˲ֻȽ׳ͩ͵طſѩˡѩһɣʧȥ֧ţѩϣ͵ؿڱѪѩ֮ϣһ
һϮ಼ѩǰĪẮѩڽϺϾ㲻·Ǳɣ˴żʵ⣬ţͻ꽣һ壬ŷ˵ơ
ûȥѩؿ׳ͩСʦܣʦֵ֮䣬ǲòи˶ˡ
͸ԳֽԡĬ֮У׳ͩͻȻЦȤȤĳΪΪΪƫƫʦΨһһϵĴˡأʦǰ̤Уƽ֮ѧû㣬ӵĴʦ֡
ĪẮʦ˼ѲŰһֻ֪о¡˼Ҳʣ֮ͽΪ䲻ФҲûʦš
׳ͩһЦݣڵʵŻԼûǸ¡˵գٽĪẮ
ͬʱˣԲʮ֮ڣ·иεӿϣѩһΧ֮ھڳһʱ̵ģӰڵС
һֱûбཻ𣬵ĪѹȴԴԴϵѩҲ˵ĽΧ֮ڣɭȻ֮з·һڽ顣
ǿž޴ĲŲˣĪẮھؽ׳ͩԶķ׳ͩȴͼڶ˵ķΧ֮ڣĪẮγɳ⡣
ڼžйУΨнŲѩط֪֮˶ãд𵴿ûѩ׷𣬽Ӱ˽ȥȻһļ𣬺в䣬һ죬ɽͻȻˣĪẮ͵غ˼ش꽣ȱ
ѩ͵һͣθʹŵصɴ۾ܵôĪẮôĪẮ
ĪẮˣ˽ζ߲ɽ
ĪẮЩǱĨȥѪֹ̧ѩǰֱͦ壬첻صȻ˶֮
ʣƽĳѩڰ׳ͩڵط׳ͩؿĪẮ𾪡ɵı飬Ц֮ʲô˲ʦǽ ԶΡʽء
ԶΡʽϽһ׽ഫҲ˿ɵ֮û˼û֪׽ô׽ĪẮû뿪޸ɽʱͿʼഴֱ뿪Ͻδܽ䴴
û뵽ôһ׽
׳ͩĪẮı飬ЦһЦ
ȻĪẮϽڡԶΡʽʱϽҡͷ΢̾Ψһ䴫׽ѾɽˡͩΪΪʦ׽ҲδؽסοΪԼ
Ϊˡϡϰ׽Ϊ˳Ϊʦнס׽ˣǵģ͵͵Ϣ˶֮ؾ̡ʹ࣬ҲΪЧԼ
ʹãǸʦ˵ġϡϡ
֮ߵð׳ͩǰģʹ콻ãпҲһôˡ
ˣŬȺڰ顢ҵꪡûԺռҲû཭ΪݻһһеĲƽϣ츳ʦϲ̶ȣȲǸʦŵͽ
ͽ츳˶֮ԶΡʽǴ
ϽΨһġĴˡ
ĪẮһ
͸ģߣ׳ͩؿǰ°ܽô𾪾Ϊʲôһα
ĪẮٶȾٽһС˳硱ƽƽصȥ
δġԶΡȣȾ޺ۡơ˳硱˾ͶˡȻϽӣĪẮڼҽʲôһ㣬ǰҲϽŽʱϰ׳ͩҲʹͬŽС
׳ͩЦһҲͦӭȥԶΡʽų֮УԴϰƽ׽ãţƽⲻ˵ĽĪẮҲƽⲻˡ
ĪẮܣԽϽˣʯ䣬۱׳ͩĽͱ˸ԴͬʱгشԷС
ͬʱģѩ
Ӱٶ֮ʱһӵһԾ𡣾ڰ׳ͩĳ͸ĪẮγ֮ʱ׳ͩײȥذ׺â䣬ݺݵز׳ͩġذûڣֱֱ

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׳ͩŵؽӲתָѩ졣
ѩҧԼһͷڱеѪϵ£Ⱦñʺ졣ָ΢΢ţ°׳ͩٴˣüͷһ壬кԣ߬סذֱڰ׳ͩںݺһת
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֣ĪẮҲ˽ʧ֧ŵİ׳ͩȻء
Բĵ̧ͷĪẮһֱýֱָ
ΪһԶξʽɣĪẮһֱֻۡʹüƽȵġҲʦû˵û
һ޸ɽʱʦͿʼоԶξʽˡĪẮ˵ʵԶξʽѣֻҪһ۰򡪡᲻ãΪ첲ʹʦһ׾ѧơСʦܣѧԶξʽ٣ȴû򵽣ʦ˼Ҵ׽ľ裬á
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ʱһֹ̾ɱʱʱĲΣԶԶشɽ
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ѩͷŰ׳ͩʬ塣һɣ֮ǰǿѹƵѪӿ̲סڱѪ
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ɱȷ֮ǰ죬ǲǴսۿҶؾսˣ֮ʱһȺѹѹ̤ѩɱ˹
嵲Ķͺ޲Ԯ˵Ķղ֯һǧվҶؾߣźµ
ԽԽܣսʿǷһҶؾͱ߲ļлܣȥʱⶳӱܲסôصѣ̤֮˲
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һսҶûŵ󡣵ȵ߲ԮϵӱʱسֱҶͳˤȥܽðṳ̋ķգ˳
ʮ죬ʵҲûܶˣ֮󣬱Ȳ嵲ףš
ʵ֪˫֮ǲǣüʵ
ժߣ毺þµϴŶһе΢Ц嵲ŹҶǳҶˣҶǲʲôܣ嵲죬û˹ܵڴףָһŮӡ
ﵱʱʵʩ˫֮ʱһ嵲ΪʲôûдǱϣֻԼˡҶߵ׵빫ȫ
һң߸ɴѩҲòϺܣҽǸֵ˷ʱˡЦ
źĹâҾһ⣬ͳ죬Ϊ֮ǰһֱңͻȻֿˣ
գҺ񿴵ƵƵˡҶҶ䣬һΣ漴̹ȻӭҶĿ⡣ԭԼ˫֮¼Ҫ⿪ҲǾһΣա֮ǰһֱʣǲ֪˫ܲܽ⿪ҼȲóе⿪˫ķգҲ޽⣬Լ᲻ڡ
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ҶһЦĿתҶѣ⡣
Ǿ仰㲻ǷʲôҶ˵
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ЦȱæżҾ֪ӣʵҲδؾܳɹ
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ҶüЦǾϲɫȥѰʱܸ嵲Ϻúòһʡǰ޹ܽ˫ڹ⿪ˣ
ʮͤ⣬ѩ
治ҪƵƵȥţ˵һȥ֮£ʵ
Ҷ͸ǰҶ֮ǰȥֻû뵽ôʱϸϸظ뱱·ߡ»η¯ڳ̽ʵʱԸǣ΢һҲáƵƵ֪˶֪ȥ˼ֻ֮ڹһƢôҶ
Ҷҡͷˣ࣬ھְٷϴˣǱˡƽѰñݻŹ⿪˫Իȥǡ
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׳ͩɽս֮Ҷڳƽϼңӹֽѵ˲ҵϼ˳ھṩʽ֤ݣϱ͢
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һʧҶѷҶһ֣ӼԣҶѴȥѰñݣ˫ȥһ
ãʱΪӷ磬ȴͳƵƵĺϢ
仰ҶѴûҶ仰û䣬㣬򼫱֮ҹ۶ȥ

 

ת۹ȥھֻȵڽ֮ϡ
׳ͩɽʽ𣬳˳ھֱַϵҵѸٱصСھֹϷִ
ֻǵھ˳ھ֮ǰںģվ̫ྫʧ̫ྫСٸׯھֵļҵ׶Ϳˣǿֵ
ǰװһֱܱƵͨھռ˱ˡսܣ֮ǰһֱƵλɳʹ޶ԼҶǻؿȻھר֤ͨھԪˣһҳԲôгͨھַڱ߳Ѹٵطչ
׳ĴʵͻȻһ󲡣ڲĳһЩԼĶӳȥķңͻȻԶڱ߳ǡԹҶֵܣּν˳Ÿʽһƽ˷
ֻҶڴս֮ϱҹڴ;嵲˹˳Ž˵۶ʵ۴ͻ飬ָҪҶ䡣
ʵֵһ˫ҶϷػ鳯͢󣬸Ҷ϶Ҷ˸ΣûȨҶҲһڵ۶Ծ͸³Ҷǡ
Ҷ˿ųӣҶǳԱ߹¡óϵŶ壬첲ǽһᳵ·͢ɵҶǵһ껻һǱǰγӬϹεÿ޵
ϹףǶüͽϲ͵ھʱѩæլûһĺɽΣصдǸϹġ
Ϲյ񣬶ںºһ޵ľƣ˻̾֮֮ġ
괺ڸ磬СչھֵĵҺ͸վͷ˵Ĳˣֵذǰ꣬ɿæһĽǣͷ
ҵĻĶӣƽæûϿʱ䣬һĹδͷ鵽βðСսսñȼ磬˯û
һҪʮ֮ǰ㵴ɽ괺ڶޱҪҪȥСʦüס¶ѩʹش˽ǮٳһŶһѣЩϲСھֶ
㵴ɽ֮ǰܲһºݣٰ÷壿һ֮ǰѩԥ˺ü죬ջ˳
÷˪ɣھңλ屾Ͳ̫õ⵽ûãͺͿͷ£ʹ˭˭÷÷ȥտʱˤһӣײˣҲվˡ
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УҶںݴ죬ٺүߡһѩ˫ֹ۾԰οСͷİɡ
ѩе㲻˼ֵɣ忪㲻üŻ٣úúĸˡ
һһ⻰üЦֵһ䡰ллС㡱һϱȥ
ȻѩΪС㡱ҲǣׯɣھֵܾñŤд󶫼ҰɣѩԼһȥ˺ʦػŽУͲԼͬؽгˡ󵱼ҡ
嶡һز̶үǱ˭ȥ죬ֿʼѩүһϮõ׷ѩܣסһ䣬ɵöʵ뵱ңǶŵҡŵҸĪˡ
ѩߣһһĵ뵱ҪȥӲһߵվ㣬ȥ£˶ѣһڻûˣ
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ïˣָ㼱ĪẮЦе˵ӽһС̳ơ𣿡
СѩüЦ
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ٴ߳ԱģƹѲѩطһΧӣһ߶߶
Ҷ˰ɣֻƾ졣ѩüҾʹӵˣ͵ģиûһһԶҸػ˵ɩòɴҲˡ¾û˼Ƕȥˣ˵˵ɵĽ¶ô
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ܴ˵Сٻ˸ӣˣҿԺô˵ϱǼҾûŮ˵ҸСѰ˼Ҫͽðɡ
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ÿڶ棬ҲǻҲȰٺЩȥϢôؿԴǰ
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Ҳǣ̼ǹҽģǽһƴ֣гׯ̵֬ĵطг̼ҵĻĴ˭úԺźţھеϴھ֡
̶үﻰۣ˵ǵھбͷѩǽһʶɫ̶үһٱ˵ԼȸΪˣ϶ƺţлţǲīǩͬ
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Ƹնƾһֻ֣סҪƺ֡
ѩ̧ͷסˡ
Сպ˲ˣ̶ү¡
һ㶼⣬¡žؾƺڵظ̶үԼϡǾһ֪Ǻþƣɫ͸ܰ˱ǡ
˷ϻ˵ȺСˣҴԷ̶үĪ֡Ǳ߹ġ̶үǧҪư
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