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 1 

ѩMˣ23꣬űҵá
ӦúͬѧһҹΣ˭һҵгɵĸءĸͶ۰һĳǰ棬Ȼͷ˶ҪȥԼ¡
˿ܻøĸԼѸô㣬ֵԼͲˣѩͲһϽĵˣڵ
ѩ룬㹻˽ӲİŰɡ
ȻûоҵѹѩԼҵԼԼøĸġ
ǵȥһҹ˾ҪӣܻᱻҪӰ࣬ѩԼϰ塣
ѩ뵽ʱѧУرĺáԼһˣС㹻ˡ
˵ĹѩʹȥMȥˡ
Լļƻ߸ĸûڣǾʮ򡣹ѩСĸóʮ򲻶࣬ҲǵĴˮ
ѩԤûô࣬ҲҪô࣬˵ֻöʮ͹ˣûڣͱ˻ȥ
ŹʱҺҲʮˡ
ţˡ˼ǺܹƽԴĶŮͬǲѾˣֵˡڸĸһƬ⣬ѩֻЦɡ
֪£Ҳת˶ʮ򡣺ðɣн򣬶ʮ˵ҲǸѩҲͿĵˡ
ʽλ̺ܿˡǵģġϾM󸽽ķۺܸߣԭĴҲѡġʽԣһЩӸӣƽʱҲЩ
ѩһʱ佫ǸӴɨɾѴڷ룬ϵʱסˡ˯ǰĹѩ룬ȵװ޺ãܹˡ
죬ѩӵţĵ绰ԷȥY档
ţǹѩһǰʶġ
ʱ򣬹ѩõҵ֤ãĳͻ:ҵˣҪ˵߾ߵС
뵽ȥ˴к󣬹ѩһܵվѡһ೵ôˡ
˳ѩϸ鿴ƱյվZУҪСʱĳ˵ԶԶ˵ҲѩûԽܡZûȥ˵ﻹ
ڹѩԥҪҪȲZеξʱԱԭŵλһˡ
Ǹ˾ţࡣ
ʱѩʶţˣ￿˿
һͿˡ
룬ѩǾȲιԣԱľˡ
Աߵţ࿴ڲ鹥ԣ:Zе̫ɽۺطľɫܲ
ѩû뵽Էţĺյˡ
ţҲĹҲô˵ġлл㡣
ûʲôţҡҡͷ
ǽϵʽΪѡ
ںţĽ̸йѩ֪ԷסYУС꣬ڻY顣ǰ쵽Mͬѧ棬׼ȥˡ
ѩ೵;YУͣʮӡ
ʱǶݵġ
ţ̸ܽѩĵţY³ʱ򣬹ѩͺͶԷ޻̸ĺѡ
ѩ̾:ԵֻԡԭֻҪȥߣȻջôһȤζͶѡ
ֱǰţŹѩֵ:лһҪY氡д
ѩĸйۺܺãͷ
ѩZлҲûж˺ţϵϾʱԼʲôġϾѵôѡ
ȻԷͻȻЩ֣ѩδҲȷʵûʲô飬YҲȥģʰһ೵YС
ʱǿѧϵܶࡣ
Щѧഺѩ˼ǰҲˣ˷ԼδУ԰
²ˡ
Ͼŵңվˡ
ѩ䣬Сӳվڳ
٣þòӭһʮ̷Ĺ
þòȻʶʱ䲻ʱҲһ£ѩǸţһӵԺѵ˼֮顣
߰ɣƵѾ㶨ˣѧУԱߣۻߵġҲȥ˵ģţؽӹе䣬ȥ򳵡
ڳϣţ͵:֮ǰ˵YУҸдѧڻæʱûʱˡϴʱᵽ⼸춼ûʲô£ҾųѧڸտʼһпյʱYУһȥ䡣
ѩͲ⣬ţĽͣҲˡ
һǾ͵ԤǼҾƵꡣ
ߣҴȥţŹѩȽ˾Ƶš
Ԥķſڣţཫ£óڴķˢš
ô԰ɡţʾѩΧ
ţܲ鷳ˡ
ûʲô㣬϶Ҫչ˺ð˵ұϵţڰ֡
ʱˣϢ㡣˵Ͱѷϣת뿪ˡ

 2 

ѩĿͶԷţʧٹսǴŹϡ
ǹѩţĵڶλ档
ϴʶʱ򣬹ѩöԷǸ̸ˡΪʲôĻ⣬ԷӵϻҲţйۺܺõԭ֮һ
ټ棬ѩֶַԷȻǸ̺ܸߣºˡӳվԺ󣬾ʲôòģãңƵ˶ҶԷ˵ºзִУ鵫ڹͷоġ
ѩٴο϶Էһ˲øеˡ
ţ뿪ͰʱˣѩоЩƣϴ¾ɵ˴ϣܿС
˯еĹѩ֪ţ뿪ߺͱɫ
ôżȻУҲΪµıȻ
ţƭ˹ѩ
˵סYвY飬֮ǰûȥYС
˵ȥMͬѧģʵҹѩġ
û߹ѩһʼˣѩΨһˡ
һֱڰй۲ѩѩļͥͳɳ켣оѩԸͰãԱȹѩĽȺȻԼ˺ϺԷĽѶ
ƺͶԷʶȴ˻ɵʱ͵С
ѩ֪Ϊ˵ZеƱ
֪򣬵Ϊץסᣬȥ
ƱͬᣬλòǹѩԵġһԣȴʱԭӦڶԷߵ˽˳Ʊֻ˵һ䡰ͬѧһܻһƱ𡱾ͳɹˣΪºܳ
˼еĹѩȴȫûע⵽߷һĻ˿ţº󣬾Ȼѩ̸Ӳỳˡ
֮Χ˵УһȥĶź档ûκһ֪һǰνѵ˻һİˡ
˵ɺϣҲɺϡ
Ϊ˸ΪùѩεѣţͷڹѩͷˢڸСȻ̸۵ĻԼţĻظܷνĺ衣û˿ţڷʱǻģޱ顣
ͬʱΪ˲ùѩɣţ취ŪһYѧŵͼYдССĵطϤһ顣
ȥһ¡
ţȷԼڹѩռһķҴʱԷԲܾ
Ȼţ룬ԷʲôûʾֱӴӦˣ׼õĽͶûϡ
һжڼƻ֮С
Ϣĺãѩڶһˡùֻʱ䣬ֲŸչ㡣
뵽ţһȥ棬ѩ͸ĺáϾǳΪѺһιͬΣ˵м塣Ϊˣ׼һ̨Ա¼ǵʱ̡
ѩϴʱţൽˡ
ȥͣȻٴ㵽ѧУתתҰ˵ʱпΣʱȥͼݿҲԻؾƵҡţ༸仰Ͱг̰źˣѩʾ:㡣
һֺŽġ
˵ģţ·ѩ벻һ۵СﾹһҰϵꡣ
˵ܴӰǰڵģǾζɫζ㵽θֻôԲͣ
ôζɡ
ֹ൱ζѩڸУˮ̾ͳˡֻθ̫Сˡ
ֺֻе˲֪ʳҪû˴ԳԲǽıȽ磬ߵ㣬ûôˡ
ѩ뵽֮ǰ߽￴ŵˣ:ǸղŲ㶼Ҳλˣ˶࣬Ǹ߷ڵʱж˰
ţ಻֪ѩĸп߳ӺʹѩѧУѧ¥Ǳˡ
ҵȻϿΡ߰˷ӣţָһдšƼ¥ĽԹѩ˵
ѩͷ
Ǳߣ㿴𣿡ţָſƼ¥бķ:ͼݾǱߡ
ȥͼݿ𣿡ţ࿴Źѩʵ
ȥȻҾǵɡ
С
ʱͼݵ˲࣬һȥˡ
ţ໹ҪЩǰ׼ȷѩؾƵ·ߺ뿪ˡ
ߵһ¥ͼңѩ˿еʮ˶ھĵԼ¡Ŀ飬⣬һ춼ûзԱְһԼİ칫ǰ
ое࣬ѩҲԾطԼĶŪһ
ѩִһ飬ûϸһû˵Ľ¡ʱѩŻһ
˶񣬹ѩе飬һڽʷ顣ⷽʷǺȤġ
Ŀ¼ţûʲô⡣ٷһҳⱾļ飬ϸѩʱĺƽȻ⧲ٷһҳһѪܵСͼͳǰ
ѩܵ˾ţŪ˵ʱ͸ܵͶĿ⡣ѩ˼سЦЦʾǸ⡣
ѩ룬˭ѽͼġԼԵطһ¡˼ۣѩٲҿˣæϡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡĸôɶһڽʵ飬ȴ˽ʷǡҲ֪жŵ
ѩɫЩס
Ϊ˲øһѩϽԱǡ̧ͷԱķȥŷֶԷ֪ʱ뿪ˡ
ž⣬ŵԱİ칫ϣѩͿ첽˳ȥվ£ůӲ滺
ţ¿εʱ仹磬ѩҲؾƵ꣬;ͼԱߵĲƺϵ
ůůģһ˯⡣

 3 

һߣţڳ˴źִڷصͼڡ
飬ţǰǵģ汻ʩ䡣
ƾŶԹѩ˽⣬ţȷѡǱ顣޾ԣǶڰ۲죬Է⡣ֱѩϣ
岻ʣΪ˲öԷģţ뵽ȥǶķ
Ȼѩû룬ҲֻΪǸ硣
ڹѩ뿪ţҲ˳Ǳֽŵ顣
ţ˿̵Щӡ
һ棬ƻ˳ʵʩԽҪ¸ġһ棬ԹѩеЩΡ
ѩʶ֪ǼƻҪɷϵǣԷһůˡ
δˡ
мŸĸĴƯڶʲôһΧĺӻϤǾְ˼ҡԺܳһʱϤ뱻Ϥ֮ȹ
ֱʮʱ򣬻Ǳ˷ˣҲĸĸǵĳɳò޶ˣǲڱLеһƫԶС϶ӡʱϰûѵҲ֪ദ
ĸĸΪǸܸȫİûѣûκί
ΪǴӴ˾ܰ˭ֶ֪ǿ˸Ц
ǰĸײءţ֪ϾȻиڤ֮ء׾Ǵﱻˡڱԭû˵ţӦĸйء
֮ҪأҲΪʲܱ֡
׵Ѫ⣬Ҳ볣˲ͬô׾ġ⣬ͨƷҩĶûκΰֻȥڤ֮زſҵ֮
ĸĸǴͨ˵ȥģδϵ״ȻţĸֻǸͨˣţҲֻ̳еһڤѪǶһĿܣϾţδܳܳǻľãνֻǰ׼
ţĸ׸ڤ֮صھYɽɽϦ£밵໥֮ʣƾѪҺͿֳȫڤˣֱӽ롣ҪҵһʼΪ·ˮʧ֣ܹʳޣϾ壬Ȼӷ嶥ȥſԽڤ֮ء
ĸ׻˵ʼ˶ŮԣһԲκߣñϡѾ˰ųһ켣ãã˺޴ѰϣԷĸԸǰĻҲ޷Ŀĵءûа֮ǰҲòҪӽYСϾȥô꣬Ҳ֪ڤ֮Ǻ״ĽȥˣҲҪСģҪ¶Լݣĵȥڤһˡסĸס
ţཫ׵Ķһһϣ뿪ȥĴѰҷˡ
꣬ţMп˹ѩ
ţ಻
ϸоѩ֪ĺѵӽԷȡöԷΣȻԷȥY棬ƭڤ֮ء
ţȫļƻ
ѩദǢʹţβ֮ԽԽںԼֲĺͼˡ
ԣ׿Щƭãѩеһѡ
뵽ţЩڽ޹Ĺѩ֮С
ѩļͥСûܹʲôĥѣһж˳˳ġ
ûʶѩӦûƽҸɡÿ쾭ӪСꡣ˶࣬ͻæµ٣ͻᵣӪҵżоˣţǻؼ㸸ĸԶٷ˯һȥӰԺһ³ĵӰһݵС
ÿ˶ӦѡȨ
ţʶһжԹѩǲƽģԷȨ֪ࡣ֪Ǹ߹ѩʵ飬ԷȻƭеŭ侲ܻǻѡȫ
ţԺԥ˺ܾãսʤСΪϾǹѩȻΪ㹻˽Էҿݿȥģֻһλᡣ
û·ġ
ֻܸԼʱ֪ǸȻʼʱѡƭǾһֱƭȥˡᾡ֤ԷеİȫܶԷ;Ƿ࣬ѡԶԷš
;ѧġʼѧʱţԺҵˣֱסԷĸԸΪ·ҵ˺Խ˽ԷԽ²֡Ϊмĺ֢ţ಻˶Էֻͼ֮ʾ֭ƶôһƻ
ѵ˼ƻһˣΪ˲üƻţһװ䣬Ȼ䣬ҲֻҶԷ˼άáһ󣬾ͿԻָ
ţھڵ䷢

 4 

ʱ䲻֪ȥڹѩ֮ʣ¿ε
ѩ̧ͷȥȻȺпţӰ
ţϺ󣬹ѩ뽫ͼ¸Ȼδڣţȵ:˰ɡߣߣҴȥһϸ²ſĵ꣬ζҲܲŶ߿㣬ȥ˿ܶûλˡҸ˵ҵĲ
ȫûпڵĻᰡѩ̾ˣҲûʲôԷҪοԼ
˵طȻѾ˺ܴһȺˣҺûʣĸλӡ
ͺζǺͲһζζʹ˽ͼȻܵ»ǳԳˡ
ţҲ˺ܶ࣬ûйѩôš
ھͳɡ
аû⡣ѩν
ȵȣ׼ȥİѩ֪ţҪȥĸط
ȥɽȻ濴Ϧţش:߾УҶ׼ˡ
ôһ˲䣬ѩţдһ˿Ź֡Ҳûô࣬ûԼҲ˵ʱȫ󲻵𺳡
ţȻYкϤӣֹ˼䣬ȫ뿪ѧУϤķΧ
࣬Ǽסôӵ·ߵģҵͷתˡ
Y˰СôҲ·ţ෴ʵ
Ŷ԰ǸҸ
ţڰ֣ҲĻش
߰ɣǻҪȥ˾͸ϲˡţһ䣬Ϳ첽ǰȥѩæȥ
ֱٹո͵ҵҲö
ţ໹ǿţûʲôӰ졣ѩ˶ӵѾо׷ţˡţıӰҧѾš
˵ǣţ촩ǼɫףȺиۡԶЩѩҲԼҲˡ
ţţǰšѩԼһѾţķ˹ȥ
費ҪϢţ࿴Ÿо̱˵Ĺѩ
ûû¶Ҿƽʱȱٶеϡһͺáѩ·ߵĻص
ţû¶ͺáվǰ棬Ͼ͵ˡ
ѩ˳ţ߿ȥȻ˳վ
ǿ߰ɣҳŵס˳˵˳ѩоԼֱǰȥ
ȫȻ֪ţ࿴ıӰ¶˸ӵĿ⡣
˳˻񣬹ѩŲָ˹
ѩԱ߾ţ࣬ڿλϡ
ȳ󣬹ѩ;
ǵģųӵʻڿ뿪ˣӦȥ·ϵ˳ԽԽټеľһһڹѩǰչ
ѩ:ͳҲҴԶһˡ
ɽţҲ˳ĳ˿;˳Ҳֻ˼ɽ¡˾ֵؿһۡΪƫƧеļ˼ҲںܶǰԺרŵɽ档˾Ҳô棬Ͼ˵٣Ҳûɽ̽յˣֻҲǱһĿĵˣŮ࿴һۡ뿪ǰҲֻңᾭǲҪʱ䡣
ѩǲ֪˾ĻġΪţ࣬ʱҲûɽϣΪɽǸĺõط뵽ɽĿǰڻ̵״̬
ѩЦл˾ĺ⣬ĿͶԷ뿪ˡ
ţ˾ɻ͹ѩãȻ֪ʲôҲû˵
ɽеһɽ·ҲҰݸˡţǰ·ѩҲɽ·
ɽ·᫣ԽԽƫƧûҲûгûС
ѩЩˣ뿪ѯʣǰţ:ټּ֣Ǻܿ͵ˡ
ðɣѾߵˣ˵ɽҲ̫áѩ롣οţ໹ءYк󣬶Էд˵ʲôҲܰ;ϣԷ⡣
Χ˵ľïʢ˵ɭ˵ɽ·˵ûϵԵġ
ѩţĲ
ɽǺܷһ£ɽβߣҲùѩ۵ĹǺ
ɽʱ򣬹ѩŴЪһ
ʱ̫Ѿ¡
վɽӭ磬ܵյĲ׳
Ǹõط
ɽǸˣΪͣŸ֡
ȻĹ񹤿ɱЩпͷˡ
ѩףɽľɫΪʲôĻߡ
ˡţһ૴˹ѩĸ̾
ˣˣѩʣû˸
ѩɻУͿţóһСƿװźɫҺ壬˵ϡ
Ѫѩ֡
Ѿˣȥһطţ಻ѩĿ־壬վոѪҺĵط
ѩܾǵӰʧԭء

 5 

ѩڻУͷǵһط
Χ°Ȼ񣬰ٻŭš
ȻӦеķ⡣
ѩ:ǵ
̫𺳣ڹѩΧͻĿ־塣
ѩ߼ǰһܶ߼ʣѩҲ֪жˮж
䷢ˡţ࿴ѩıֺ͸ȷˡ
ô飬ʹٻ˵ľɫ᲻Ծؿ־壬ѩһƽ
֮ǰ˵ּװ˼άáڿӦģ˹ѩԿ־ĸ֪Լδ֪֪
ͺܺá
ȹѩعҪѯţൽ׷ʲôµʱ򣬾Ϳţ೯һȥ
˳Ǹ򣬹ѩŷֲԶͣһõСţѾ˴סҪϴ˼
ѩţΪȻûκβʣӦġ
Ӧûɽĳһɣûκ˹ĺۼ·ֵľ𣿡ѩЩ˷ܡ
ţ಻֪ѩԲЩʲôֽҲ˵ͨҲ˳Ļ:ţڲУ˹ϵſԽġţϵ㵽Ϊֹʲôֵ¶ѩҲ̫ʡ
ͬʱѩԺ:ţΪ˸ϲڿδղȷʵЩ㱣ʵѪĳҩɡѩǺţ࣬ţˡ
ȷǱգǷ𺳡
ѩԽг̸ڴˡ
˶ȣѩҲͺ˲ʹ˴ͷŻ˽⣬⴬ǹõġ
ѩţͻ˴ļ䣬ţ滮ӣſڣѡ˳Ĭ
ŴǰУ밶߽ԶȥһǾʹŨСѩŤͷȥȻѾˣӳҲֻǰããһƬٿţ࣬ҲֻܿģӰùѩĺܻң뿪˵ȴǰ̽ȥȴʵţҲǰԶѩȴԼԶҲ͸ˡ
ҪţǾˮţ򶨵شѩĶСѩŴӻѹ
ԭʱͣԭأûʻ밶ߡոյһоĻþ
ţȴ֪ⲻǻþ
ȷʵʻ˺ģڹѩеĻңûܳɹ԰
ˮͨɶġĲͺʧƬСֹѩʱ˵˰ߣѩܾҲԼˡ
ţ̫뵱Ȼˡ
ʵ̫ڤ֮ˡѩµı֣ΪûˣҲû̫עԷ˭֪ѩ廹ʶķӦء
Ҳֻ³һλԿþͣٶһοܾͻùѩˡ
ţ಻ټУ±־衣
ʻ
档ţʾѩ
ѩԿȥûб֣ԿĵӰ
һѩ̾ѡ
Žоˮ
ѩھˮľ֮С
һǾ͵˶԰
˴˫²ʵѩҲ̤ʵˡ
ڰվķȥѩŷ֮Զû֮ǰΪĿ֮ǰڶ濴԰Ũڸǡ
ĺܴ߼ͻС۾ٴҲֻ֮ܿڵģӰ
ʧ֡ңСɢˡţѩֵ
ţ֪ˡҲҪҵְѩסţ֡
š߰ɣֻҪԼ߳ȥǾ߳ȥ
ѩ֪ǣšָֻԼţֺαطôྫȥҹѩߡ
ûйѩڣţˮˡʧֻ֣ҪѩĻᶨԼ߳ȥģǸߣն߳ȥ
صĵطֻˣѩȻǶţĻŲɡ
;УϹ£¹ȣҲԽϪ
ŰСʱǲ߳ŨڷΧҰҲÿ
ʱڹѩǰһɽûľֻ̲ݿʮֶ͵һ߷塣
ѩת˿һƬŨǵɽ֡ղߵʱ򲻾ãڲŷ֣Ƭɽֲߣ̧ȥȴͷԶ˵ȫǱţͽҲֻģģӰ
ţԭزǱɽסһ㡣
һԷ񣬹ѩǰļ
ţԼ˼оѣعͷŷֹѩؿ
ţ΢΢˻ͷܵ:Ǿ塣

 6 

ʵϣڹʧֺţЩġ
䶸Ҳ·ʡµǰɽȺʳޡ
ţǵĸҪССģܸʳϡˣҲҪԿǶԸġӡƴӡǲʧ֣Ҳͨڤ֮ءֻڱ׷֮ǰطеһͿԱס
صʧ֣Ҳζûлȥڤ֮ءΪʳ޻סϢʧ⡣
ˣѡֻһ
˳·ߣƱػᾭɽȣʳǾԵ¡
뵽ţĿͶ˾塣
ֻɽˡ
ţԹѩ˵:ɫҲˣǸϲȥˡһиСɽ壬ҪǶȥޡ
ѩ̧ͷ죬:ȷʵǿٹȥСʱǿճʱһӦùߵ˵˰ɡǾ·ݵİջ춼ˡǰҲԶˡ
⾰ɫ̫ˡȾʽź˿϶ѩп
С
ѩӦţֵ:·ߣ·Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬˳ɽ߰ɡ
ԡѩİűʾͬ
ɽδ̤
Ϊչ˹ѩţǰ·ѩ͸һһӡ
ЩѩˤֻþŲݣСظţĺ档ҺݳñȽïʢҲױϡ
ɽĺۣѩҲû˾񣬳Ĭظţ
ֱ쵽ɽʱţͻȻһסïʢĲڸǵӰ
ѩ֪ʲôţһȥߣѩһɽȣмֻǹЩԶѩܺãؿЩƵţſʯСɫɫƤëӭŷƮţò⡣Ȼ䣬ſŵֻۣǵ
ѩûӦţѾٵɽȥȻȺﱼŵ𣬽ţܿ
ɽ壬ѩŷɽһǱֱ£ҿͷĲ¡ѩûü̾ɽĶͣͼȺѾ
ʲôٶȡ
ѩţͱţƵȻ˳ɽ»ȥ
ιȵȣѩûüץסʲôգۼ䣬ֱֱػȥ
ʧȥʶǰѩֻоţ֮Ҳ
Ƿˡ
ȹѩʶʱԼһСϪϡɭɭģĵġĽŻˮУϵ·ҲЩʪˡϮĴûţӰ
ѩվϪŲŲ̽źţࡱû˻Ӧ׼ȷ˵ֻԼĺԼոպĻϪҲǾţûһ졣
Ȼţɽѩ֪ôΪáϾҲȺ׶ӡ
ѩţûеϰӦͷû˰ɡܰȻվҲֻʪ˵·
뵽ѩ͸ţˡ
УǳȥһҪ鿪ǰȺǨߣ߽Ȼ滹ðΣա
ܣ㹻պʹ̼
ѩ֪ĸߣҲûˤĺۼ
ͻȻһ
Ǵģѩߡ
ӣѩ΢ƽһĵطǰͷţټ
ţҲӰ󣬶Էһ
ѩͷһμţŵ顣ãʱţࡣ
ţ߽ѩҵĹһ㣬̰ŷ˵Է
Ȼһ϶ԽǰԽԽ
ꡣǻ̸ţʾѩ
ţ֣ùѩ
Ⱥ׶ѩ֪ﲢûôȫţӣѩҲԾᶯСĵظߡ
ţŹѩһʯ
ѩѾоˣʲôֵˡ
ʯһ˹ٳ·Ĺ䴦ǶŵλÿԿ·
ԽԽˣϸһԭȥʱİ֡
һͿһȺ˴ߵ·˹ǰߵ˾Ű׷мŰ̧֣ľʹײģ߶ֽǮ
ţΪѩ֪ǲȺȥʮֹ˷֡
ѩסȫ˶߹ȥŸҴɳһ
ѩ̽ͷĿԶȥջߣͼнϰǸŤͷһۡҲ֪ԷûСһæͷʯ˶㡣
Ƭ̣ųղǸ˿Ѿˣŷ
ţƵ˾ʯһߣûע⵽߷һС

 7 

˳ԶţʹŹѩŸղȺķȥ
·˵ģɽ·߶ˣҰҲЩ
ʱ򣬹ѩע⵽ɽɭɭģնǻɵһƬ
ԭѾô˰ﻹƣôϣ˵Ƕһš
ѩɻȥѩõһ:ˣҪˡ
ţ࣬ѩ뵽֮ǰҪʵϵĻգûʳڡ֣ţ󣬶ԷͱóĬͱڣţıʮֵĸӣҲ֪˼Щʲô
ѩŵԷһ·ųĬ
·ǰߣأѾܿˡʮ໧ӣǵɽ¡ԱмĶ滮ĺ룬˹ѩʶֲֵ
ӻһξʱţͣˣŹѩԱߵɽȥ
Ӻܷգӭ˽롣ѩȴʼձŲʵӣţջǽһ䡣
ѩĸоû
ӽڤ֮غţһȻʧĸо
꣬Ϊ˱֪꣬ټ衣νͻеľû顣
ûо׵ķô죿
ֻߣҵ˷ȴܴŹѩȫˣô죿
һʱ䣬ţһƬҡ
ֱӽӵʱǲܱ˷֡
ߵһѱţֻӲͷƤȥ
ţŹѩӴӺƹһ˼ҡ˵̾ס
ţܹסƵǰô
򿪣¶һ͵ȥЩӦþ̡
ûע⣬̵ǽ
ѩ֪֮ϵĴ
Ĵʱֺ֮ǰȺ˴ƵΣеĺڲױߵĹӺ׵ĳ㣬ͬɫĲͷҺ
ţ죬֪˵Щʲôʱ򣬾ͼԷؿԵ:ڤ޵ĺӰɡ
ͷǽڤޣĸաСʱԼΪθ˲һĸգǸһա
ЩԷΪλ֪Ĵڣһϳ
ǲЦЦȻŹѩ:Զˡ
ԽݺиĹѩ;񲻼ã˼ôһ˵ϮȻͱһͷѩס˯⣬ϴһ£˴ϡϢͳ˯֮С
ҵķţڴǰĵϣǽڿһȻóһЩͷƾɵᡣ
סڴͷºԹԵ
֮ˣӺܾ֮ǰﶨӡΪİǻɵģǺģȾͰطڤڴ˴ϣڤ壬ڤΪաĴӽڤ壬ԱߵɽͽڤɽڵɽȾͽڤȡأһһڤ˾ҲͽΪ˿е֮أҲڤ֮ء
ʷأٶǰһ࣬ڤ˲ƽϲðա̽ڤÿһ󣬾͵͵˳ȥ˵ţ˿ţ࣬п:ʱûҲʮ͡
Ѫ⣬һ㶼һٰʮҡ˵Ѿһʮһͷˡ˶٣ŵ:ԣʮﻹСӡûôҲﲻûˣЩ˶㹻ϸоµ״֤ߣᱩ¶ԼĲ֮ͬڤڵһ仰ݣһɵ𡣱ֻӵʱһӣͰĿĶ˶ԷԷȥ͡
˿ҲֻǺģڤŸһӣ˭֪ôɵ˭ûйϵͷءǣҲ̰
ϸʹڤ֮صڣȷֻҪڤ˵ѪҺͿԽڤ֮غ˾ͽڤ
£ҲӦĵ
֮ƽϢǳѺԭ֮һ֮꣬ͽֹϢ
ʲôءܻһٶҲĸ󣬵ڤ֮أҲ˿
ʵͰǶ˲šҪҲ᲻ķȴ֪ƲɼáǿҲֻһա
еףָһֶţ:ĸס
ţ˳ָ⿴ȥһʶ֡дԭְ
ţע⵽ֵҲһ֡׵ֺеһǺ֣Ǻ֡
ӦúܺΪʲô֪ɡЦŵ:ĲƳɵġֲӦѾ˰ɣ
ÿµĺ󱲵׾ͻԶʾ˵֡ŮǺ֣Ǻ֡
ָĺ֣:ڤ£֡

 8 

ţ࿴֣оѪҺڷڡ
ĸҵĶӡŻ:ʮǰʮ꣬峤ĺѡ֮һѡܹˣ㸸Ȼûѡ˴ʵء峤һֱܿ˺ʣ㸸׺һڤĺѡĽ𡣡
ȨĿǲġ
㸸ν峤ְλڤںο峤һֱϣ㸸ļ̳ˡ峤ļҪ˵ͶƱͰѵӽ㸸ˡ
˵Щˣţͽ˻
ݺҸףҸױ壬ȻԼ峤
ԣҲԡЪ˿˵:峤һ㸸׵Ϊˣûȷе֤ݣջȲѰ潫㸸塣㸸뿪ڤֱӳ˼̳ˡ
ڤǾ峤֮λ֮˾裬жŵ峤Ѱݺ㸸׵֤ݣӼ̳˵λ
֮ȥѰҹĸסҲȥˡ
ʱ㸸ѾĸһˡȻϴԩڤ֮ز˽롣ĸף;ܾ˻
ָţ:ӣĸףҲֻһ˫Ŵ㸸ס
֮֮С峤㸸׵ѡеʧʲ㸸̤ڤһѡʣѡеһ峤ʮǰȥˡ
е飬Ц:ӣˣ֮㡣ܽһ𣿡
̺ãҽţࡣڤ£ڤ¡ţûκԥ
û˵ǣһۼԷ͸оС
Ӹ̵֪ĴʱԷǸˣᡣ
Է֪ܲԼĴڣܽԼ
ֻߣԷѾˣδź
ٶ࣬ˡ
Եһ̣ԺжԷ
ݲѪĸоӯ
ããţ࣬Ȼܼ
˫侲ҲҪ̸̸ˡ
˽ĸףûԭǲڤ֮ص顣ܿ϶˵
ǣǰͻȻأҲʲô⣬ڤ֮ҽ֮
Ĭˡ
֪ĶѾˡ
Ůӻ֪
ˣӿ϶ֱӸŮ뿪ڤ֮غͻͨ˿뿪ڤ֮ǰʮ꣬൱ͨ˵ʮꡣֹȥʮ꣬ȻΪڤˣϵȥҲʮ꣬ʵϣѾʱ޶ࡣ
׶Ůڤ֮ص˼ˡ
һǵŮͲ󣬸϶ɺܴӰ졣
һϣȥڤ֮أȿԱԷֱҲʹ;еõõĳɳ
Ųᵣ뿪Ůᱻ۸
Ůҵ취ڤ֮أҲ̫šŮһڤѪڤҩԼòˣ˵ŮҪõҪȥݰȵġ
סеıˣδ¶˿ԡ
ţڤȷʵҪڤ֮еҩݡҩݣڤɽɽһƬţһʱҲƶһܵļƻͣһ˵:ǽɣ󲿷˶ȥڤɽμʽˡǻûͻᱻץס
ǰǳѹ˾ͼ⡣뵱Ⱥڤ֮ص˵ʬȫȥιʳޡǽʱӦü˰ɡţֱ˵
һͷˣţֱˡ˿ѾˣҲû˵ʲô
˵ţ֮ǰա
ѩ¾ʱʳȻȻķӦ㹻죬ֱۻǱʳ޵ˡֻҵѩ֮ǰ˿ڣĺףѩûˡ
ڿӦͿˡ
˵䣬ɫȫ
ŵĴķȥҰڷΧ֮ڣһƬɫƬ̼ɻתɺģȫһ׼ʱ䡣
ӦϰˣֲָķڣȻ׼ȷҵ̨λá
ţſ壬ŵһʽú͵Ƶ
ҪҪԵ㶫ţ
һ·ϣţַַģͶˣһȥ
򵥵һʳԱֲֵĹʵ
ţЩ棬˵:Ϊɫɫģȷʱ͸ȡΪֵľݡǰûɣΪֻڤ֮ز
ˣҪһ𣿡
ȥ
ӳùһյƣݸţࡣ
ţŵؽͷѩ˯Ҳͷ˽
صʳ󣬾ֻص˷䡣

 9 

ʱںҹоʡ
ڣţ£ͻȻ䣬Զһ졣
ţ֪֮ǰһȺ˻ˡ
ĴͻȻ
֪ڲ̸ĺʱȻӦþˡ
ӣʱҲˣȥѵǸϢɡʲô˵ţߵſڣһ:סһҪš
ţͷĵǡ
صڷ䣬ƴ˺ţɵ˴ϡԱߵĹѩڳ˯У״򲻶
ţԭΪԼô£Ӧ˯ŵģȴûϵ²ãͿƲס˯⣬ܿ˳˯֮У֪޾
ڶϣţۣԱߵĹѩûѡ
ɫǻɵһƬ
Ѿˣ緹
˯ĺ𣿡˵ţĶҲûͣ¡
ţܺá˯õһˡ
ȷʵţһֱʼ֮˵䡣һֱǽŵģ;ûѡ˼֡
ҵѩһҪ˳һԹѩĴΣܷɣúϢأ
ЦЦ:ǵ·̫ˡ׼ڤ·ͷҷȥϰɡ
룬ֲ:λѡ
ţӦ¡߽ͿڴϵڤΡµģû˴
֪Ĵںÿ궼Ϊһ·
ţתŵ:Ȼ㣬ҲΪ㾡һ̵⡣ڵȵ㡣
˵ɣţ:ΨһĶӲߣŮûڴǰһһߵط·߷Զˡ
ţһ䡰ôȥǡδڣǲʵġ
˵òȥǳͣȥж㣬˵ûҵĴƯĶһǰѾ;ƿˡ
ţۣ㰲ο:ȥˡ̸֪Ȼû㣬Ǻܰ㡣
ţ֣Ͱ
ǰʪô᲻ֻ֪ûҴˡ
ţƽı:ˡȥɡó緹ˡ
ţԼô˻ޱӣЩ˼ͷܿˡ
ͷѩѾˡ
ѩٶۣûӰ죬ܿʶһϵĹ֮
ͻȻԭʧһطȻǹķĺ֣б¡бºַ·һؽ磬Ϫɭɽ֣ɵգԼ͸¶ŲƽС䡣
Уţطֻоȴû⣬Լ׾ʶùѩһжţļƻ֮С
ѩ뻳ţ࣬ʵȴԷܴһʼӽʹĳĿġ룬ôôϺԼѡ
ʱţ౧·ƿ˽
ϹѩŭĿ⣬ţ:һѵʧЧˡ
ţ֪Է϶кܶʡϵ·£ȿڵ:֪ʲô֮ҶԸ㡣ڣȰ·ϣȥԷ
˵ԹԻ·š
˼һһ󣬹ѩҲֻ˳ȻϾزؿռҲֻʶţࡣţʲôĿģǵţࡣ
ڸԼｨ󣬹ѩΡ߳ţͿţڳԵʯǰΪѩٷҲԵζòװ
֮Ҫģͳţͷطȥˡ
ţ͹ѩ໥ţѩһԲ
ţȲԷڣ̾:֪ʲô
ƭң
ǡ
ʲôط
ڤ֮ءȻţͼ򵥽һڤ֮ص
ʲôĿģ
⣬ţ˶٣ȴʵ:ʼ֮ˡڤ֮Ҫ·
ֱӸңҲδزӦ㡣Ϊѡƭң
Ҳ㡣ţ
ţããһֱˡѩļˡ
ˣѩǺܿ侲ʵ:ʲôʱ뿪ѩѾȲҪؼˡ
ﻹҪ죬Ҿʹ뿪ڴڼ䣬ʹҪȥ⣬ץΣա
ѩߵӣţҲʮѹѾȥͺͶԷϿϵҲͲؽ̫࣬öԷһֱǸͷβƭӰɡ
ѩ֪ţ뷨ֻ뿪ΣյĵطڵõҪϢת˷䡣

 10 

ţԭδ
ӣܵĻȥ֪ʱţ¡
ţŻع
룬:֪ڵҵĽ֪ͣ˽ͺѡԭңҴʼƭܷ£ҷŲ¡ûңܻĸġ
ô֪Է·ǶԷҪأڱߣǰȥ
ж︣ǸӣһŮ
ĥѵĸŸǲһˡ
ţԲټ⣬ʲôҪôܿȺȥҩ
ǵģ׼һȥҩ
£ȥҩҲˡ
˵̫ˣҲöԷΪ
ԣȥҩ·Ǿвͨġ
ңⱾԼ£ֻȥ
ȻѾǰΪ׼
ҹ̫ڰֻܳŰעʱȥ
ţ룬Ҳȷˡ
ûϰ˺ҹҹǿţӶ߲ȥ
˵ҩݾͳԱߣһֱšǴŵƣҲ̫ۣܻûͱˡ
һҲֻܰȥ
ˣڤɽˣҲﲻ̫æҪǸһȥΪ׸ţſڷʾԷԼ˵:ԣҹȥһˣڤҶ콫Ϊ·ڻ
֣Ӧóһ塣㸸׹ϵãǸεˡң㸸ײߵô꣬˴չҵġ
̵۹⡣Ȼ˵ţҲ
ҸԼˡٹһӣͻͷ
ڤҶԼԷ׻С꣬ȥֻʮӣòᡣ
棬ڤҶָţ:޸ŮС°ɣС£Ҷ塣
۾֪ˡͶԷ磬⡣
Ҷáţʺ
ڤҶͷ˹Ц⣬Ȼ:ľҶˡСڲʺϳǰңڤǼһﻹڣܹѵԲ֪ڹС±ˣ϶Ѷ޸ĺתƵСϣСҲ鷳˱ųţһͣСܲܰȫ뿪˵ҵȻС´ӺɽƹȥǱ߻ûʲôˣӦ˳ڤɽɽȻһȥ̸С¾ͳעʱȥҩ
ˣҶ塣
Ǿͳɣ
صĹѩԼˤڴϣһƬҡ
ĺͼ⣬ѩΪǿԷֵġȻţƭǲǵˡ
ÿ˻ٶԼĲѣмͥҸԼСաԣţʲôѵĿԣҲʾ⡣
ԸԷĽ͡
û뵽ѾԼų̀׷¶ԷǰˣԷȴ顣
һ䡰šİ˵͸͸ġ
⴫ѩᡣ
ţҲûҪŵ˼˵:ҪȥԼһСĵ㣬Ҫˡ
һͰ
ţ׼ƵɽɽĲľڸټ
Ȼ˴һ£˹Ϊ˰ȫ׼Ӧͻ״
ǰ̽·㿴ҵǰءڤҶСضţ
סţͬСػظ
ǳоͺܲ˳
ڸսӽɽŵʱţͿڤҶƣ˹ˡ
ϽèŲĹľˡлڤ֮صĲľøïʢֲ˶š
ȻΪͯǴĺǡǵġ
ڤҶ仰ͽӺˡԶţ
ҿӣϴˣɲô򷢡ʵǣԵ޹ʳڤҶ̫ˡ
˲ͷΪŶðĺţĵ:Ǻա
֮һֱӽ˳˳ģûˡ
ǰˡǰһƬɫĲݣҪҵĶڤҶţԶš
ˡ
ţҪץᡣҹȥˡ
ڤҶ˵꣬ͳȥ
壬쵽ࡣڤҶһʮ˵
壬ǵҴаӣ
ڤҶкԷһʱţƵ˵ĺ󷽣ĵҩȥ
˳ţ߰ҩݺͣˡҩСĵط벼ţʾڤҶǿ뿪ˡ
ڤҶյʾ׼ˡ
룬ʱԱ߳һȺˡ
ţܲץš

 11 

ţ˸뿪ãʹ
Ϊʲô˲ŷæš
ûţڤҶֻڤվǰһֻάŵĶȻղŵõġ
Щ⣬ѵǱ˷ˣ
ԣȷȥڤҶʱ򣬸ûˣԲǵ̸͵
Ƕ˸ճţǱֵĻﲻôڤҲôʹ˵
Ļҵȷˣ:ʲô£
ҹǲһŮڤֱʵ
һǷϵ:ʲôŮû
ϸһ룬֪ţ·ϱ˿ˡȻ֪ʲôϢϲűڤ֪
ڤ˵ڤһŮΪĶ°¶ͽֹڤ֮ءҲֻĸȥʱʱڤҵ鷳
ԣţһҵĴƯһԭһԭǣΧע⵽ڤԲͬڳ˵˥ٶȡ
ڤڤ޵˽⣬ӦòŮڤ֮زŶԡڴʱڤϪС˵񿴵һİŮھʯš
ڤϪ֮ǰлͷʯһ۵Ǹˡ
ΪѩӦ죬ڤϪֻ˸ӰӡʼʱΪۻء
˯ǰ£ԽԽоԡ
ʯһʯǳڤ֮صý顣˳ȥʱ򣬾ǰմԼѪҺַʯϣʯѪҺ󣬾ͻͳȥ˻ʱҲԭء
۾ܺãҲʶôǶ˾пǴġ
룬ڤϪ硣
ˣڤϪѯʱڤһ·
ڤҶԼڤ޸עڤˣ˶֪ţĴڡ
ԣڤϪĴ˵û˴϶ڤϪ˵ʱֻڤʶӦþڤ޵Ů
ڤ֪ڤ޵ŮԻȥԣˣ͸ȥˡ
ûУȥ֪ڤţҪǿнȥ
ǸʲôΥġ裬ø֮һ˽ȥ
ȥأ֮ţ޷ǰС
˳ͷȥҲֻżղŵĶѩӦˡϸ첲ȵǰﲻʲôæֻŶԷи׼Ȼô벻ԣңţڤ֮ǰ뿪ˡϣӹ˽١
ĹѩĶҷһ졣ɼǵãţ뿪ǰ˵ˣҪ˷֡
ͷſе룬ѩ˵ЩʲôоҪӣֺּޡţൽȥˣѵͰﲻˣɶţ࣡
ѩŷ촦ȥҪƵסһ˴˽
˳ѩֱ:ˡҪ군˰
ѩоĶҪˡ
ʱڤĸܹ֮˵:磬˿ڤҶһŮڤɽȥˡ
֮һ⻰˳ȥ
ѩŵһɿ뵽ǸŮӦþţ࣬
ͬĻҵĻͱסԼıˡ
ô¶˵ڤһ۵
ԭ֮ǰɽŵĲӡǱ׽Բصġ˵ĺֻҵһˣһ˵ʱڤҶ͹ˡ
ܺʵڤ浽һڤҶͲʲô֮ˡ
ڿӵʱֻǸϽ뿪ûһ䣬ʲôϷ
뿪ҲûҪڸϸϸ鿴һ顣
͵֪⸽ŵӡ
ߵĺӣߵһʱǵСںɽɽţԭ·ˡ
ԣţСڤҶɽȥʱǡ
Ӷʲô׶Σڻؼҵʱ˸ĸһ:ڤҶүүǸ˭ôû
Ȼ¶ʹˡ
֮̾ʶİŮӦþڤҪҵˡ뵽ڤӦȥˣµʱ䣬öԷˣͷɿܵȥ֪ڤϢ
˽ڤȷҪȥڤɽϵҼпΪǰĲҩ
Ҿ˵ڤôܻŮԭҪڤ֮صĲҩڤȻ
Ļ¶ľţڤ͸ȷˡ
ߡȥڤ޵Ů˵꣬ڤʹ˳ȥ

 12 

Ȼ󣬾ţ౻ץŵһĻ
ţ໹أôͻȻͳһȺˡ
ǰڤϸؿ˿ţ࣬϶:ڤ޵Ůɣһ۾Ҿ֪ˡ
ԡͻȻһͷ:㻹֪˭ɡӦ˵ҵ֣ڤôӡ𣿹ԣǺ㸸ױǸڤ񡣡
ţǻȻߵı飬ڤʱˡ
ȤȤþûˡ
ڤҶʱŷӦǵй¶ˡǰţǰŭ:ʲô
ڤЦЦ˵:ʲôȻǰѴڤ֮ص߸ץ
˵䣬峤ڤһȺ˸˹
ǰڤһ˼ҴҵڤɽȥȻһЩ˿˲֪˺£ͽ峤峤ڤΪҲе֣ټһ˸Ǻ档
ڤϪҲС֮ǰڤ̸ı飬֪϶ǲ֪顣ڤƽʱ磬ܻ¶ˡΪŪ嵽׷ʲô£͸һɽ
ǰڤΪڤŮŮǸȷ쿴ӰһͷǸ̷Ů
Ǹ˭ڤϪʮֺ档
ڤޣ֪Էʮǰڤ塣
ϴԩ峤ȥҹ֪ʲôԭûлң峤ֹԷٽڤ֮ء
ǰڤ޵ŮһоͶ˵ͨˡ
ڤϪ˲ûʲôƫ˸ǲġ
˵ʮ⣬Ҳڤ˴ڡǱȽԼжϵġ
ţ࣬ģϾҲǰڤˡҪҲǵǸŮ
ԣûа˵ڤΪţ쿴Ǹˡ
Ŀ졣ڤһȺ˸ڤƲƲ졣
ᵽڤޣڤ֪ǰĻôһ¶ˡҲ֪ţĴڡ
ȰڤҶ˴ȥһгôǡн˻֪ͨҡڶɢ˰ɡڤ˵תɽţڤҶѺŸ
Ҳ׷ȥһֻʣڤһˡ
αӡڤڤıӰ
ɽڤȥȥˡ
ţڤҶ峤
ҲԻؼˡ
֪ţй¶һֱ벹ȷ
֪µȥҲ𲻵κΰǾԻᱻץġ
һֱСС¶ͨͶƱġҲ⡣
ľþܶվһߡ
˵ѩĴڷ󣬾ͳȥҺϵϽˡ
뿪󣬾ֻʣ¹ѩһˡȻû˵֪ţ϶Ǳˡ֮ǰǼ˸뿪
Ҳ벻ʲô취ȥܻ鷳
ѩЩǣֻøԼЩתעĿͶЯı
ĶڣʳǮֻСмֽ
ʳȷ£
ֻţʱ˵ʮûźţҲ֮еˡ
ңǰֻû磬ڶҲûֱӰӰͳˡڣҲֻʣ°ٷ֮ŵĵ
룬ֻػֻʱء
ţڿõľֻ̨ˡ
ŵ˽࣬ϵúաţͦõġ
ѩţͻȻ⴫졣
ѩΪأ˭֪ΧǽһˡûӦͱԷټ
ڤϪ
ڤɽ󣬻ǶԹѩеܺ档
뵽ԷӦǺţһģͲ
ǰ֣šѣѡǽ
ȻǸŮ
㲻Ҫ£Ҳ߱ġѩΪĳֶżӣڤϪο
Ǽġͷһ۵ĵǸˡ𣿡
ѩȻǵãԷȻͷһңûţࡣҲ֪ǲΪ£ţ౻˷ˡ
ѩڲ²أڤϪͰ϶Դ˵ĻڤԼԷΪǹѩѵ˵˳
㡭ѩ֪ڤ˭ҲеԭίⲢڤϪķŭ
ѩҲ֪ⲢȫֶԷԼҲҪΪ˸һΡʼͰ˵ţҲ׼Ͳôˡ
˭ڤϪײҲֻܵùسŭ
ŹѩɫͨӣڤϪöԷеɰ

 13 

һѩҲ侲
Ϊ˵ǸҴȥ߰ɡһֱڷưɡڤϪѩƽ
ȥ
ѩͲѡȥȥˡ
ڤϪоЩЦȰ:ڵѣҾã㵣ġôǰˡǴԴ˺ʹ˵̬ǲһġԣҲȥң˵ʵ˵Ĳ㣬ٵģҲ޼ƿʩԣչ˺ԼǰѵĴæ
ѩĻ˽ȥڤϪֽŵ:չ˺ԼĵһǱ泩һֱô泩ءңǵһ˵ҲһΡѵȥ𣿡
ѩģγεġңôֵĵطҲûڶΡһֱڷﲻȥߵĻȥ󣬿϶ڵġ
ѩЩҡˣּ˰:չ˺Լĵڶ֤Լİȫҿ԰㡣⸽ҶϤ֤ܴܿˡ
ڤϪϵӣѩЩĶ
ˣûҽܡҽڤϪأ
ѩ
ϸһ£ѩջǴӦڤϪ顣
̫ˣȵȣȳȥ̽̽·ѩı˵ڤϪӿһĪĸо
ڤϪڴܶһ飬ִ˶һţ飬Χûʲôˡ
һʱ
̽·ڤϪʹŹѩһСɽȥ
һ·϶˳
ѩоԼ۾ˡܺڸղųʱûϡ
һж治һͬ͵ֲﶼȻҪǿ׳һЩ
գѩһʱΪǱԵʣŵնǻɵġ˭룬ġ
֪Ϊʲôһֱɵ𣿡ѩʵ
ǹѩһ˵ڤϪǼ
ȻҲǺԵɡ
ϵԭΪ˱ˣڤ֮ϡڿĿϣǵաڤϪ²⡣
춼ǻɵģأܲһֱİɣ
ȻǣϣǺںġϰ˻ãĻҽ㣬㶼ҵ˵ͣͣ:û𣿡
̫ˣ˯ĳ֮˯ǰǻһƬ˯Ҳǻɡû任
Ժúøܸܡ
ѩʱڣҲûϢ¶ԷȥҲżԣʮҵʱ򣬹ѩڤϪȥˡ
ǻȥʱ򣬴Żŵ״̬
ûл
ѩҲͷڤϪԺӡ
͹ѩԼ´ټʱ䣬ڤϪͷǽ뿪ˡ
ڤϪ͹ѩ֪ǣǵͱ˷ˡ
ڤ޵峤ѡ˵ʱ򣬾ȥ峤Ĳ鿴һΣ䷭һݹڤؼءЩ棬ϸĶһֻ֣һڤѪҪڤ֮أҪҵʼ֮Ϊ·滹ϸʼ֮˵ĺԼ·ãڤ֮صڵϢ
л˽ڤ֮ҪͨĵؽϢˮĲͨʧ֣Ĳ򲻳壬Ĳ򲻴
Щȫдġ
Ȼʱڤ޲֪ĳһ죬ϢõŮϡ
ɵǣʱĺѡ֮һڵ峤ڤҲݼء
ڤڤһʮּڤޡ
Ǿڤ޴Լȴܵõô˵֧֡峤ֱҪ峤֮λֱӴˡѡˣûз
ڤͬǣԷԼļޱ¶˳ʵʣһֱĵףȴʱ
ΪӮ峤ϲ˽ѧڤ޵һһڤʲôҲҪȥһ顣
˭˵峤峤֮λΪڤޣ
ԣڤ뿪ڤҲȥǷݼء
ˣΨһ֪ţˡ֪ţʱ֪һҲˡ
ɽȥҲ̽պÿڤϪŹѩǽȥⶫߵСɽˡ
ڤõȷϢ󣬾˼ȥš
ţĴԺٰѹѩ¶
ǸʱϸţĻͲ˾ͨϾУһֱһֱصĺ峤
û֪ڤݺڤĽ飬ɨβ
Ҳû֪ɨβʱһ֤ݣڼͨĳַ͵峤
û֪ڤ޾ܾ峤Ӱ²ֹڤ̤ڤ֮һľ
ڤ

 14 

ϵг϶ۼһ
ʲô¶𣿡һλȥµͷȿʵ
ڤͰľ˵һ¡
ڤɽĶС峤ӦѾ׷ȥ
û¶СҲڤˡҲļҡ
ǰԼɵҩôˡ
԰Ҳֻûкѡ
˵
ڤûнѩ¶˵Ͼû֪Ҳ¶ˡ
ǶͬţΪڤˣڤһ롣
峤ǴڤɽȻűѺŵţڤҶ
ţڤҶѺڤټгһֶţڤҶĵĴ
г϶ǿڤ޳ģд󲿷ֶĸй۶ܺá
ˣڤޱݺ·²ˡУҲû潫䴦ǽţһ
ԩϴ壬ȴѡ񲻻ڤ֮ءȻʧҲ⡣ʵǶõ峤ֹڤٽڤ֮صĳͷ̫ˣҲûа취ı峤ľҲЩΡ
֮ǰ֪ţĴڡ
Ǽţ࣬ʹѶڤ޵βϡ
ڣǵľͿ԰ﵽţࡣ
ǵ뷨ڤ֪һѡֽ֮ٱ¶ѩΪ֪ţʲô¶С
ΪάǰһΪţ࿪:⺢ڤ޵ŮҲǰڤˡȻˣҩҲһݡֻ͵ɵΪɲܿȺӡ˶ѧ˽ȥɣôҩɲɡ
ǼǼ
ţԡ
⻰˵û
˷׷Ӧ͵
ңһֹ˽롣׻˵ѪҺǲڴ˶ڤ
룬Ҳȷˡ
գһ¾ţҩݣ֮ǰ뿪ڤ֮ءһ죬Ǹڤţ۵ʱ䡣
ڤҶЭţͶҩΪһڵҹ
ڤȻԸ:Сıܿˣ˴ӵʯԡȻʹ˹ȥװżȻ𣿡
ס
ѾǸˣڤ˵ʲôԵĻ
ʵ󣬴Ҷʾ⡣ֻڤһӦϸͷ̫ˡ
ڤԶǡ
꣬ڤޣۿ峤֮λҪ峤ڤˣҲֻܸż
ĳ죬һ·߸̾²ʱڤԾԷǲ˵һ:˴˾ͻʧȥʸ񡣡Ȼ󣬾뿪ˡ
仰ڤȻ⡣
ԭֻڤʧȥʸͿˣ̫ˣöԷԶʧϡ
й涨:ڤ˲໥ɱߣ֮߱
涨ڤޡ
ȻڤҪɱļ
˹ҡ
ѪڵϣоûӣڤһմѪذվԣ˾Ϊڤ޶֡
ǲ֪ǣϵѪ󲿷ǰͿõģȻڤ޶һ˵ʱ򣬴ԼһѵԷ󣬾ɵ˵ϡ
Ϊ˱棬һᡣΪԵøأѧżȻ֪ķҸ·ԲʯӣȻнαͣļ
ҲԼһԶţأͰ
ȻΪ档
˲עʱʯӶȻװԼոҪʻأȻ˹ȥ
Ȼͱȥˡ
֮ٴ󣬾˸ڤ޾ͱˡ
ǵǲİ洦ڤޣֻѡ˸еķӡ
ڤʱʮ꣬ԭٰʮ뿪ڤ֮غҲͨ˿ֻʣʮ˥ٶȻǱͨ
ˣǼ·𣿡Ͼ·ϻմѪСĽá
ڤˡ˵·ѪȾӦҲܴˣ׼յ
ڤʱ֪ڤǸαӣֻΪĺġ
ĿҪʵֵ˷УܿͰ֮Ժ
ȴû뵽·ٴ峤֮λʧ֮ۡ
֪ڤҰģҴû˿ڤһ
ֻܷ粵ĳͷμ졣
峤ڤ޾ܾڤ֮صʧʱڤȴ룬ƻ峤ֹڤ̤ڤ֮һľ
ڽҷڤ޵ĺ֮ǺڤճΪڤ峤
ԴˣǸڤԡ
ڤͬ£ͷԡ
ڤ£ƫҪ
ε¶Ҳ⡣
ڤ֪Ѿۣô֣ı䡣
¼ʹ뿪ˡ

 15 

ڤϪߺ󣬹ѩͳȥ
ȥߺöˣǻе㵣ţ࣬Ȼİﲻκæ֪ЩΡ
뷿ת׼Źϣ͸о˳󣬻û˭ͱδˡ
ڤţʱѩѾڷˡǶΪѩţ˯ԲûгΪǻǰŵǺúõģǸ벻ѩᱻ˽ߣ֪߹ѩķǸĳ˵ķǽΪġ
ڻ·ϣţѾ֪ڤҶֵԵɡ
ڤΪλ֪ڤ֮أţĲ²ڤһ:͹ѩڤ֮صʱ˿ˡ֪ͬΪûͽҴǣڽϸڤ
ţޣڤ֮ٴһ졣ԭʹ뿪⡣
ǻʱѾʮһˣԾֱȥ׼緹ˡ
緹ãţȥйѩԷţû˻Ӧãڻûж
ʱѾʶˡΪԹѩ˽⣬Է˯Ӱ£ҲѡǻҲڲԷ
ţֱƿţȻûڷڿѩټ
ѩˡţ༱еڤ
ô¶ûб˴򿪵ĺۼڤ
ţصϸ˿ѩĶڴϣŲңӦǹѩԼóġҲûúۼԹѩֻԸ뿪ûзڹѩûʶˣֻǺߡ
ţֵԺ￴˿ǽ̨ĺۼͿ˵ͨˡ
ѩǱ˴ߵġţܿ϶
˭ڤ񣿡
ڤֱֿˣ⽫˴ߡڤڤһ˽⡣
ˣ֪ѩڤ֮ءţͻȻ
˭
쿴Һ͹ѩڤ֮صˡȻ֪˵Ķʲô£ҪϽѹѩŪ
ʲôõϢûС
ţڤԲߵʱ򣬴һ־ڲǰţ౻еʱ
ţһֲԤС
Ȼһ洫Ϣ˵ھʯǱ߷һŮڤ·
ǹѩţڤ໥һۡ
ͬţڰڤˣܵõ˵ĺѩʵʵڵˡ
֮ǰҲᵽڤǰĴٹʧأٶŻȻЩ˲ٵִˣżҲ˵ȥ֪ǵݣ˵˽뵽ڤ֮ˡ
֪η˽뵽ڤ֮أڻ˱ߣжֻš
ţڤ˳ϵ峤С
˷ֹѩ󣬾Ͱ峤Ƕȥˡ
һߣڤϪϢһǲ֮ǰԼѩȥʱ˿ˣǰѹѩͻڤ˵ģѩôھʯǶ
ڤϪ벻׾ʲô£Ҳϵ峤ҡ
ڤ֪ϢҲĸһ˹ȥ
˵ʱ򣬹ѩѾŵ״̬ˡ
ѩΧ˵е֪ھʯǶ˷ֵġʯ֪ǶڤϪˡ
֪ץ˭Ҳ֪ΪʲôѡھʯǶô˷ֱ֣ӰϽ峤Ƕ
ûлɹڤϪ
һΪڤϪͿˣҽ컹ܿ˴ȥ͸͸ֱ֮ӽ˻ȥ˵Ĵ¡
ǣڤϪΪˡȻڤϪʶһʱ䣬ںڤϪദиܵϡ
֪Ϣʵޣʱֱ治κԵɡ
ɵ֪֪ţʶ
ˣѩܺºܻңţڤԼڤϪȺ󵽴ʱǱֳĬסûгǿһۡ
Ұҽڤ˶Ժ󣬾Ϳʼ˽
Ӧö֪ҰѴҽʲô˰ɡ
ڤ֮ؽһˣϻ·϶ͬ
󲿷⻰ͰĿͶţڵǸ
ΪţҲڤ֮صģˣšû֤ݣҲֻǻɡţֿ˹ѩ
˵˭ġһλƢЩ𱬵˳ѩ
ѩס˿־壬û˵
˵˵Աߵ塣
˹ѩͼţǰȥڤֹˡΧ˶ûע⣬ڤСţ˵:Ҫ¡

 16 

ڤ˼ţףǹѩ
Ȼǵһƭ֣ȻȻѾƽ뿪ͲϵԷĶĹѩֹĿǰеĵһѣҲŵҪȫˡ
ѩǰǹµġ˵ĸĸãֻǸĸѵ׻ǲһġ
Χͬ˶иԵĺѣǳĽ
Ĳ֪θദ
СʱŸĸĴƯÿһͬĵطͻͬˡ˲ſʼϤѾϤ˵ʱĸִ뿪ˡ
һһΣ͸ɴ಻ŽˡڸŸĸһطסһʱ뿪һʶͬ˶ûС
ʮʱһLеĺɳ򶨾ˡ
ɳǸǳƫԶС˶ܴӡĴ󲿷˶ǱˣֻһСǴġ
ԣͬѧǶǴСʶģҲγԼȦӣڲȥżмһ˹ģһ棬ϰһˣҲ֪Ҫθദÿζɨˡ
ι󣬾Ҳûˡ
֮һϿ¿Σһ˻ؼҡĩҲһ˳ȥڹ԰Сӱߴһ죬Ϊøĸ֪¶øĸθġ
ȳбҵȥһж顣ԭΪµĻת䣬Ҳܽѡ
кһеͬѧҲУͬ࣬ԣתۼ䣬Ǹ˵ԴѧУ֪˼ҳ
ѧУʹȴԵǼˣǱˡ
Уĸȥ˽֮ǰڳеĸֱӱʹޣ׵ۿҲǺġ
ûĸôӡΪ˥ϵĲԣʹĸױȸ׻С꣬ǿͬˡĸΪ˳ŲΪ͸ǽÿ춼Լʰ׵ģȥԶ󷽡⻹һοޡ
ĸһֱǳġԴǣҲһֱԼķʽκ鶼һȻӣӲ¶ʱ׿
ЩЦȴԾģߡ֪ˡ
׼ҲˣĬؿĸŮڻο
޳󣬸оͺöˡ
𣬸ĸͲһ˴ˡȥѧУ׼ѧѧУҲ⣬Ͼ鵽زҲҪеһΡǾͽѧ볤٣ֻҪÿεԵʱѧУμӿԣҲѧĸ룬ʹӦˡ
ú׾Ͳˡ
ͻȻ䣬ûκס
о춼ˡ
ĸ֪ݵģҲ֪صԭűʹһδ
գǶΪҪ׵¸ǣһ֪ڤ֮ص¡
ȻʱҲʮ꣬Ϊ˸ףһСǣ뿪˺ɳ
տʼʱΪԹƧ˽鷳˼οѧԲѧαѧƭˡ
Ҫãã˺һĺѺѡ
ڿʼܼ꣬ᶨ˵:һҵġ
ҲʧȥģҪͷ
뵽ףֲҷ
ңÿ¶Ҫһš¼ĸ׵ճ¡
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô绰ĸϵʱҲܲߣ룬ҲǸ׶صĹ
׸ĵţÿһⶼСպá߿࣬Ϳһһ鿴Щżһһ졣ֱҵѩ
꣬ꡣ
ѧ
ںܶط㼣
ѧ˺ܶ࣬Ҳı˺ܶࡣ
һ¶ˡûκε֪ѡ
ڽӽѩ𽥱ѩϴ򶯡
ѩϵһжӵеģʣţ
˵ӦҪʶԷġԷԴÿһ죬ÿһ̬ȣôҲ᲻
ʼ룬ҪһֱôһѾͺˡ
ƭġ֪Ա𴩺󣬶Էξ
ҲпǹǷ֪Է࣬Ҷġĸ׻ҲûĻᡣ
Դ˸еΡ
ΪԷľǣ˰ȫͻؼңԶԷöԷ»صû
ڣѩΣգôöԷԳһУ
ţڤŵ֣ǰһ:ҡ
ͬʱһ:ҡ
ţŤͷһ:ô
ԣ˾ڤϪ
ڤϪѩһ̣֪Ѿˡ
ӵһۿԷԷģӰԺСٵԷ棬ԷһһһһЦԺеӰӱ
ֻ֪ԷֽйѩһŲ塣ǰһĶϡ
ԣڿѩȻµǲϿڵӣۡ
ԸԷԼԷô
ôҲֻˡ
ˣҲͳһĻ

 17 

ڤԴּɡ
ڤڼţʱ򣬾Ϊƶһƻ˭ڤ޵Ůء
ڤΪ峤֮λڤ޲ͬڤǴСڤ޵Ӱ֮¡
ֻԼֱڳڤ⣬û֪ʵĿڤ֪¶ġ
СʱڤھӡԣԭڤԱߣֻΪ峤Ͱᵽ˴峤סĵطˡ
ڤ޵ĸڤʮʱüġҪΪڤƽһٰʮ꣬Ͳⷢ
ڤ޵ĸ׾ͺܵù
ڤ֮Ȼ֮绷ͬҲļ仯ģȻҲ±ʱ
ڵģÿµǰ졣ΪǲֳҪʳ⣬Ҫȥԡ
Եĵص㣬ڤ֮سڤɽɽΪڤɽϾǽǴӵɽͱɾˡֻЩС͵ģ޺Ķ﹩ĺǲ׽
ǡڣһıꡣ
ڴδӳٹΪǵȱôģҲûʲô⣬Ҳû뵽Ҫƺ
ڤ޵ĸ׺ĸҲҪμԡ
ʵڳǰڤ޵ĸ׾;ôлΣգ˶СˣˣȥˣҲû¶
ĸ׸Լŵ٩:û¶ֵܣ߱㡣ġ
Ƕ⣬ڤ޵ĸҲֻӲͷƤȥˣֻǸԼҪʱ̱־衣
ȥʱ򶼺˳߹ɽģȻ꣬ŢһƬҲܺɽﴩ󡣾ڻس̵ʱ鷳
ԭǵһͷаµĶëޡëʶӴ͡
ͷë޴ʳǿʱûΧһͷټ˭뵽аأİ»Ѱζ׷
ô죿һЩǵʵ
ǻسˣЩ֧ûĻǻǿǰͷŭĹĶëޡڣΪѶȡ
ô죿СĽ䱸ץʱ
Ҳ벻õĽֻܰ˵ȥ
ڴ򶷵ĹУ˶˲̶ͬȵˡУܵء
˶Թ˲ϾչˡԵë޳嵽ǰʱ׶ΪԼˡ
ԼֿĽҪͷڤ޵ĸǿ彫һߣΪӮƬ̰
֮ĺڰͷë޸ˡ
ڤ޸׻ȥʱ򻹺úõģû
ԭںͶë޲ĹУͷݺһšǵʱֻͷЩΣҲû̫⣬˭֪˯Ϣˡ
ڤҹʱŷֲԣֻϧǰһ¶ûʣڤĸΪ
ڤ޸ǰڤҶ׹ϵáڤ޸ȥҪæչڤĸӣڤһˣãҪ˵رգڤ޸ײˣҲԺúýڤ޸
ڤҶûа취ڤҶڤңԻڤġ
ڤҶڤ¡ڤһ£ڤȷʵҲҪһСţҲûоܾ
ڤңڤ׾ãڤ޸׺ôһѣᰲȫԣҲѧڤҶڤȥ˸ڣڤڤһЩС¡
Ͷ࣬ڤжǺӡһǸϣǸϣǸϣҲûֹ
һС塣ƽʱһȥ棬һκǸͻ¶
ڤޱΧеĹԺӡĸźһҹɳ˶Ը
һ£ڤҲΪڤ޲ڤܻøĹעڤҲڼ˵:㿴ڤôôôͲ֪ѧŵأ߳ȥ棬Ҫչ˺ڤޣСأ
ǸʱڤԼڸһʱͱˡȻ˸׵һٶ
ԺͺڤޡףҲֻµظڤ
أѧڤ˵£ҲܵõΧ˵Ŀޡ
ܵ˱˿޴øܣͷŲָˡ
һˣıԼӸ֣Լøãøϱ˵Ŀޡ
ڤô辶ѧαװԼûиıԼ䱾αװĺãû˭һɡ
֪ǲαװˣ±˷ֶԽĶ࣬Խתıȱ˿죬Ҳȱ˶ࡣ

 18 

ʱ׾Թ϶תۼš
ǵ֪Ľٰ͡
ڤϲһŮС˵д:Ұ㣬㰮㡣
ǸŮÿڤ޵ʱһԣǸŮǿ
ΪϲԽԽȵڤޡȻڤ޶αʾϲڲ׼Ҷ
ڤڤ޸ˡߣȻ֪ϲŮϲϲڤޣڤ޾ȻϲϵŮӶ࣬Լ
ʱֹɵڤްʮʱʱڤ޶Ϊ峤ѡˡ
峤ǴСǳģǲ֪ΪʲôһںѡУڤޡ
ھһѡκ󡭡ʣڤ޺ڤ
ڤҲǲ뾺峤֮λ
峤֮λˡ
Ϊ峤ͿӭȢϲĹͿԻøȨʱͿԲڴڤ޵Ӱ֮ˡ
԰뷨¶Ҫ峤֮λֻܰгı
뵽ڤУڤǸɵӣҲǺ˺ڤ޳ľ֣ǻڤ޵ġ
ɵӻ԰ʵԼĿ꣬ȥڤޡ
涨߲⡣ڤ룬ڤ֪ϢԲŹڤޡ
Ȼڤûʧûʧ˾ϲ
ԭΪڤֻƸСڤʧȥѡʸ֮ͿץڤСӣ
һ峤ֻѡ̳ˡ
ţʣµУпܱѡġ
û뵽ڤȻŪڤ޵뷨աȻΪڤû﷨⿪ֻڤ塣
̫ϲˡûڤͷԣСƶԷˡ
ٴ⡣
ڿڤ滻ȾѪ·ʱ֪Էôˡһ֤ݣñ
֤ݲã˻ɣҪڹؼʱ̡
ڤȻ⡣żڤȥڤ޵鷳ÿʱͻ˸ǺܿĿڤ鷳ġ
ǲС﷢ˣҲֻҵڤϡ
ûκιϵģǺڤ޴Сһ𳤴ĺû飬ĶԷôܻẦأ˶Ϊ
ڤ뿪ڤ֮غϲŮע⵽Ȼǳһڤ޵ĵεΣں飬ϲĹӦ
ڤڵ֮ʡʱˡ
Ȼ˷Ǽ·ָ֤ڤ
룬ڤ񱻷ˣҲʧȥ峤̳˵ݡ
Ҳڤ޻û뵽峤ȥڤޣΪ峤
У·ҪЩʲô
ûöԲǰ峤ػˡ
ԭڤްһŮӣܾصڤ֮ء
Ϣ˵̫ˡڤ޲Ͳ峤֮λڤ˰ˣϲŮܳ׷¶Է
ȻֻҪڤ޲ǰͿڹȥϷŹԷ
Ȼڤܸˣ¶Ǻ峤һµĶڤ޵ʧ֮顣
峤ʧõͬҲ͸ˡһ֮£ûгһ:ֹڤ̤ڤ֮һ
ǵ֪ϢȻҲöڤ޴̫ˡ˭Ů˻ڤ塣ҲǺܽġˣûվԡ
֮峤峤֮λڤͬ꣬ڤȢϲĹ
ʼʱЩ⣬ԽڤˡȨ֣ڻڤȴ֪һǵ
ʱƣ峤Щˡ
ڤǰ˵:ҪڤڣԻĺá
:ôͲڤ޵峤أ
֮Ļ
֮ǰᵽαװ
ΪάֻܱʾԼ⡣û֪ĵķߺޡ
̲סˡãȥҪ¶ԼʵĿˡ
峤֡
õһżȻõܹʹ˥ᱻ̽ҩ
ú峤Բڴ
Ϊ˱ʾ峤գÿ춼峤ҩʱϵźԷҩ
˿Ĺģȴ֪ιһһҩռ峤
峤žԼȻڤһԣ⣬ԷƲκηˡ
ԭڤУڤѾʧˡ
˭뵽ڤ޵ŮȻֳڤ֮ء
һΣٷŹԷŮ

 19 

ˣڤɽڤȥڤļҶѩ
ԭļƻڶţĴ֮󣬽ѩڤͿʵţ͹ѩ֮йϵ
Ǽų˽ڤ֮صģôţڤ޵Ů˽ڤ֮Ҳǲˡġ
˭֪ȥ˾ڤϪѩ
ôļƻ΢ĸġ
ڤڤϪûʲô֮ǣѩ¼УҲֻΪĸڤأһ峤ߡ
ڤй涨峤ʮꡣȻ涨һʼġ
ʷأڤ峤֮λʼƵģһ峤ȥһ峤Żλ
Ƶı׶Զ׼ġ
е峤ϰ˴Ȩյĸо᲻÷еȨˡˣµļ̳˷ܲнľĵزҲΪþˣǲϷ֣ڷչ
е峤ʮóαװڳΪ峤ǰһˡΪ峤ͱ¶˱ԡ˽棬ͼڸһá棬ҲֻܰΪ˷Դ
Ҳе峤̳˵ʱ̫ˣѡļ̳˱Լ㣬Լкܳڡеļ̳˺ģϵȶԷޣ˳峤֮λеļ̳˵ȲıΪڻҡ
ܲڷչ
һƵ峤Ǿĸıһ涨
ѡʵĺѡˣʮͿԲμѡ١ȻԺѡ˽пˣλѡ˾ѡ峤̳ˡΪ̳˺ҪһʱĿſʽ峤֮λ
峤ڹ涨Ϊʮ꣬峤ڶǴӰʮ굽һٶʮλƽʱڡԱܶ಻ҪĻҡʹе峤λϣΪףôѡΪϣش¼ϸԼ
ڤ͸ʷеĳЩ峤һȨζ᲻÷ˡ
޸εĵһˡ
žȨʧԼȴ֪뷨һ̣ѾȨ֮ˡ
ڤ峤ҲнʮˣҲ˵ھͿΪԼѰҼ̳ˡȻڱϣȷʵںĵѡʵĺѡˡʹܲԸô
һԲѡУϣľڤˡ
ڤأڤϪĸ磬ʮꡣ
ͬеٮٮߡ
ʮʱͿԶڲμˡʮ꣬ҲѾ㹻ľ飬ӦԸֿܵͻ¼ıơ
Ļѧϰ棬ѾѧڤĽʷ׷ʷѧˣȫˡʲô̶أһؽʷ鼮ĳһҳ԰ҳȫ
ڹ棬Χһжװ׵ľ֪ˡ
ˣڤϣҲΥĵ˵ڤز㣬ʺϳΪ峤
ڤؾһû覴õˡ
ڣڤʵεĿꡣ
Ҫ⵹Ҳֻܴ׽֡ᱻڤϪ͵ڤ
ڤϪڤص׵ܵܣֵ֮鼫áڤϪ⣬ڤؾԲܲ
ôͿԽڤϪڤʧȥѡ˵ʸ
ѡˣûз
ռƻڤ˰ѹѩĴڤ֮ڴȻĿ֮±ץס
ΪβֱӽţڤϪ¶ڤãֱָԵͱˣֱ
ʮһң˻ؼ·ʯ
ԶԶؾͿʯԱߵĲݴһˡ
첽߽һȻһڤεεڵϡ
˸Ͻ˷׼شȴһİ
͵Ĺʶˣôģôϴŵڤ·ѵڴкϻˣΪʲôʲôı
Ȼһӵʣ֪Ӧľǽ˴峤
ǣͰѹѩ峤С
ڤѩ󣬱ʱ¶ȵı飬ȻϽ֪ͨȫ˶
ڵȴ˵ڼ䣬ѩ˹
ѩʧȥʶǰӡ˴ˡ
һİĵطΧмİˡ
ڣڤҪĹѩڶеĵλ
ǶӮˣǺ͹ѩнҲֱӽѺ
ǶˣҲûϵ֮ǰ׼Ŀ֤ˡǲϣͱǳϡֻǸ²߰ˡ
ڣԸ

 20 

ô¶ڤϪŮʶ
ǵ˭ģ
۷׷ף֪ʵΡ
ˣҾһڤ֪ˡ
˶ڤŹѩ֪ʵ:еһģ߶йϵ
Ҳʶǡѩ˵֮ĵһ仰
ţվѩȻЩģɷϵľһ˿ϲá
ѩܿģţ໹ʶǸѡȻţйƭйãҲ˵ԷԼûиġ
ʵϣΧָţʱѡĬһ̣ζѡ˲淢ţࡣ
¶ԷվҲıѡҲֻԼ۹⿴ԷƭҲ˶Էġ
ţվˣѡȻûԷֵεѡ
ȽùѩڤϪľٶ
ѩǵԼֻһΣŶԣһۣǲż棬Էȴվ˳ĺ֡
ѩţ˵˺ųˡĻܵصĴãкαؽҲǣһ˳еɡ
ڤѩʸڷϣҲ⣬ĿͶţڤϪ:˵˵˵ɡڤϪ
ҡڤϪһʱ
˵ʲô
˵Լ˹ѩ󣬾Ϊߵ԰Σ
˵ڿѩȴǿװ򶨵Ӻ۶Է
˵֪ѩţģţǵĹϵùѩһ˳еΣվһͬеһУ
ܣô˵
ڤϪʲôҲûн:ûʲô˵ġ
ڤҲҪڤϪ˵һɣֻҪȷԷ͹ѩ֮йϵǾ㹻ˡ
û˵أڤţࡣ
ǸСҴ·߼񵽵ģСֻҼ￴Ҳ˽Խ˴ؼңûиţ࿪ڣڤͼæΪţ⡣
СվȫΪҡһһ˵峤СµһƬТĵķϣƽ³ç
ţҪڽͣڤݺݵ֡
ţ֪ڤôȫΪôȻؽܶԷĺ⡣
ţһμڤʱ򣬾;úСźڤƵЦü۵ĻȶһȻЦıȽ١Сʱɻôȵôһ˫Цۡڼڤ֪ˣԭȫŴĸס
ţ룬ڤԼĶӷֱʮ꣬ǶǣҶԷŻԼ治һŮ˰
ţҲʯĳˣڤ뱣ѵĿԷһ˻Ϊܿ
룬Ǹ֪ˣҲʧɡ
ţڤ:̣Ϊҽ͡
ڤţ۾
ţ۾￴˼ᶨ
֪Ĵ㲻ܳɹˡ
ţ۾ֱڤ:峤Ұѹѩġ

Ϊʲôڤûڤ֮زý𣿡
Ȼ泤ģĻ˵İɣ
֮ǰͲΪ˵͸ܵеĳͷ
Χ׷״ţĶС
ţ࿴лм֮ǰΪ˵ģ˵ǰڤˣ˵Ȼ峤󣬵ҲڤѪȵȡ
ţоЩЦ
Ȼǲġڱͨġ
ţ⡣
ڤķչ:ȻѾˣС£Һ㸸״Сһ𳤴󣬰ԳһҲΪ㣬̫ˣ֪ģΪ峤Ҫְأ𣿡
׵ģ峤Ϊѣͺáţ࿴峤úУǶԷĸоЩơ
ͺáڤƳʹصͷ
ˣȴȥҺгֹٴǡڤԸȥͺͳȥˡ
峤Ѿ˾Ҳڴ˴׷ȥ
ţ˱ȥھʣڤڤҶڤϪˣԼڤһԭء
ڤıȽ磬һֱŪ׵׷ʲô£ԲһֱûڡҲЩΨһһûпڷڤ
ô¶ڤΧʣºص˵ʱǰʵ
԰̣ô°ڤҶѯʵ
ҲЩͷԣôţͳ˴˽ڤ֮صˣڤϪСӲһֱڤ֮ʲôʱʶǸŮģ
ڤغĸĸҲڿڵĻشڤ̾һ:ﲻ˵ĵطҼȥɡ֪ʲôҶǡ
˵꣬ʹһȺ˻ص˼С

 21 

صҺ󣬿֮ǰõķ˻ʯϣڤ뵽ǰţһ׼緹ͲԾð˳
ڤԼƽ飬ɣҲѾغˣôԼҵط
ѩȷʵС´ġڤʯ
ǸŮйѩôҼСϪʶڤϪĸ̲ס׷ʵ
ҲڤҲɻڤϪô͹ѩǣѩһֱҡ
ѵǣڤͻȻ뵽ţʱֵ¡
ڤڤʵ:ô֪Сڤ֮ˣ
ڤĿ⿴ڤء
ڤصͷ:£ҿԽ͡ϣСϪңǲİŮ˵ʱھʯ濴һİŮӰһΪˡȻ⻰ͱ·ˡ
ڤذľ򵥵ؽһ¡
˵ڤϪ˹ѩҲֻһˡڤˡ
ڤֿڤ:ô֪Сµģ
ڤЦЦ:ôͲ֪ˣ
˶ֻü:ȥҹڤޣ֪һŮڤϪ˵һİŮҵһʱͷӦˣΪŮڤϪӦöʶʶҲֻдСڤ¡Ϊ˵˾ڤ£˭֪ˡ
ô˵ڤ֪ôһˡ
ڤҶܽᵽ:˳ǣڤϪ쿴˹ѩȻ˵ڤأ·ڤڤΪڤϪ˵ǡС¡͵̼ʵǹѩġС¡ǸʱҺС³ȥˣʱ̼ҵǹѩڤͿҵѩˡȻϢ˵СºںɽɽųֹȥץҺСˡ˵£ڤץסС£̫ˡ
ڤԼо档
ǹѩôھʯǶ֣ڤҶʵ
Ҳ֪ڤ뿪󣬾ȥˡʱѩڣҲ˵ҪȥΪ˱һѴŸˡСǱߵнҾʹСһˡʱ򣬴úõġ
ڤּ˵:ҲЩ֡ҺС»ʱѩķûκζΪϢֱȥ緹ˡ극ȥŷڷСϸ鿴ŷǽ̨кۼҺСƶϳѩǱ˴ߵġ
˵ѩ˷ֵʱǻŵġڤҶЩɻ
߹ѩ˭ԷʲôĿģΪʲôֱӽѩϽǽѩھʯԵĲݵ
Ҳ֪ڤҲֻ˭ѩδߡ
֪ѩֻҺС£ڻҪһڤϪҺСԭǴ㲻֪ѩĴڣС뿪ʱٽߵġץ߹ѩԲڤϪڤϪղŴɲվ
ȻǣǼСϪŲءڤϪĸЩΪڤϪ⡣
ץ߹ѩĻ˭أ
Ȼû֪ǽҪľץ߹ѩ˵ϢڤһѪ
ԣԡڤҶӦ͵
ڤ´ѩڤ֮صĿʲôڤزһ峤ߣܿ뵽ص㡣
СҩġΪʲôѩ̣ڤҶҲЩɻ
Ҷڤ޵˽⣬Ӧòڤ֪ڤ֮ص¶ŶԡΪʲôڤڤ֮أڤҲһֱ벻ͨ¶
ڤһȻ󻺻̾˳ڱʹ:Ѿȥˡ
ȥˣ뵽Ǹȥ𣿡ڤҶ
ڤ˵ͷ
ԭѾˡڤЩȻ:һֱΪڤ޻úûءˣڤ뿪ڤ֮غͻͨˡ
ԣڤΪʲôڤ֮ءڤغ侲
ڤ˲۽ǵˮ:С֪ѾˡС˵ǰͻȻزҩʯҽ룬Ǹʱ޵Ѿ쵽ͷ˰ɡСͻСŲСֱͽڤ֮ص¸˵ڤ֮ҩҽ
ôҩߵͷػڤҶû˵Чҩ
ֻΪ˸Сһϣˡڤ͵
ǹѩأڤغǣֻ֪Ūѩ¶лܵܡ
СֻһڤѪܸһֱӾͿԴڽİ취ǰ޵ڹżҵġ
ʲô취ڤҶ׷ʵ
ҵʵΪ·ڤ֮ϡ
ѩʼˡڤغܿ϶
ԡڤͷŵ:ʼˣԭС³ȥˣҲֻ˵;оɳСˣҲֻԼǿ
ڤ˶٣Щεص:˭֪СôһҾͼֱ꣬ҵѩûȥһΡȥˣְܾܷѾˣҲͲڤ֮˰ɡ
ǻġڤܿ϶
Ȼֻ棬ֻܼ꣬ΪһϣҾ֪ڹڤһԣ㷢ڤˣǻҵʼˣڤ֮أ̣״Сĵط
ǰҾȻ˽С¡ڤҡҡͷ

 22 

˾Ͷ֪ţѩڤ֮صԵˡ
ȻѾˣҾˡڤ˵꣬ʹһˡ
ǼСϪô£ڤϪĸЩż
˼ˡڤصص
˽ľڤ֪ѩǲ̽Ѱڤ֮صܵˣ֪ܵܵ¶һת
ΣﻮҲ
ʲô˭ѩ𣿡ڤϪĸװŰɡ
ҿϴ˵ûûǸСڼ˼ҹʱĽʲôʱ룬ƽʱǲǸŮһ棬˵֮ǰһֱδڵڤϪһ
ڤϪĸ:
Сӣôô嶯²ܺúúһ𣿡ڤϪĸЩЦЩ
ˣˡϾԼ£Լѡˣ¶ˣͽɣڤϪοڤϪĸס
ڤЩ:Ҳһʮ꣬Զ̸ءðɣ׾ڤϪ¶׸
Դ󣬼ü£׶ȥ˵ĶѾˣΪһӣҪѧųеһΣҪѧԼǸָľܵڤϪ˵ʲôҪѡ峤֮λҲǰԺơ
ʵϣײܵռ̫ĸ׵ʱ͹ע
˵Ӽĸ׵ĵһۣ϶ҪȢ
Ϊ֪ĸ˽¸²۹ĸ׺׵һμʱĸ׻ǸľŸ´ӤԼҲ꣬ʲôȢ֪һ:ϲϲԺȢһֱһˡ
ʱ̫СˣȷʵʲôȢ֪һԺסһһ棬ǣ͵ͷˡ
ԵִԵġֻһЦԣ׵ˣĿȥʵ֡
ĸ׻˵ʱܵСкһģһֱĸ׿Ľġǿĸ׶ĸСкЦˣͻĸ׻ؼȥˣڱкһ٣ԷҪĸԶԶġ
ĸ׻˵ʱ׵ʱЩԥġ˵֪ϲֻϰ˶á֪ԥɺû˵ʲôϰ߶ϲĻת뿪ˡ
Ҫᣬǻؼȥöġ
ĸǰʱݸһźһذס
׳ʵ˵:û֤֤ϲ㻹ϰϲ㣬ԣ¡ԺҶ㲻ˣذ״ҡܷģһ˯У׾پɱҡţԸɱƾ֤ɱңҲ׷ΡȻǿ϶ǶòϵġҾܰġڣȥҸܵĵطǲȻǾȥ峤Ǽǽ顣
ĸ׻䣬׳һηԣסˡ֪ôԥ֮ҲûɹĸˡǰذǵĶ
ĸҲȷʵǴʲôһֱڣĸ׺ܺá
뵽ĸ˵ЩʱЦݣڤرʾıˡ
ˣ׳ֵ
ǴСͷų󣬻ѵܵܶ
Ի:Ϊ˵:ȥˣſԳƳΪ
״Ųͬʱ鷳ĵĺܡ
ҲѾ˽Ĳˣڤظ׾͸ڤ˴ǣڤĸ׻ؼȥˣڤﴦ顣
ˡľôˡ
ڤѾϰˡ
ڤҶڤ:ÿޡ
ڤؿڤҶ񣬲Ҳûʲôܷľǡ
ڤҶҲļȻȥˡ
ȻʣڤҶڤڤ˽ŷĽ취
һߣڤ˽ʹĸȥˡ
ʵ֮ǰʵ˭ץ˹ѩڤһĲ²Ǿڤ
˲֪ѵڤǸ
ֻǰƣڤαװļá˵²⣬ûţ˾ڼڤ̳峤֮λǶ
ʵϣڤԼʵĿ͸¶Ҳࡣ
ǰףڤΪʲôô󵨣ܡ
ˣڤ֪˵ȥҲʵ
ڤ޿֡
ΣڤΪʲôץ߹ѩֽ䶪ھʯǶ˷֣ڤԴҲ벻ס
ңڤô֪ѩĴڵġڤϪֲСй¶ˣ
ԲڤϪôˡڷҴˣûѡָô˵Թѩûôų⡣Ϊ˱ѩҲὫ佲κġڤֺܿ²⡣
ڤ񲻻֪ԹѩʱڤϪԶûôǡ
ԣ֪ڤϪɽֱȥڤҹѩȥˡ˼һȥתһȦ
Ȼڤ֪ѩĴڲΪڤϪ

 23 

ķţࡢѩڤϪǵѺġ
ţ໹ϴǸ
ڵϣţ˼Ž췢һС
ԭϵ͹ѩͿ뿪ˡ֪˭ѩδߣڤ˷ֵġ
컹ܲ뿪˵ˡ
иղվǸڤϪˣӣʶѩʲô֪𣿡ţš
ڤϪΪ˹ѩվ֮䲻Ǽ棬Ӧй̸ŶԡڤϪôΪһİôҲǸɵӡ
ţ֮ǰһֱ͹ѩһ𣬳˽ץǶʱ䣬ѩһ˴ڼġ
ԣֻпǸʱ棬й
ţ֪ѩӣԼڤ󣬲֪ڤų˵£ȥҴŻǴŵġôֻпڤϪʱ䷭ǽȥҹѩˡ
ֵǣڤϪôᷭǽȥ̣Ҳڤļأɺϻ֮ǰ֪ѩ
ңţע⵽ڤϪվʱ򣬹ѩ֪Է˭ģֻЩֶԷվľٶ
Ǿ˵ѩڤϪ֮Ľ̸ƽͽеģ룬ѩڤϪĹ۸лҪȻѩ¶ıͲˡ
ţڲܺ͹ѩ̸֪֪ǣ󲿷ֵµĲֻһЩҪѩ˭ѩߵģѩԼ֪
ţ뵽ڤΪ˲ѩѡ˹ĺ⣬Ӧúѹɡ
Ȼ֪׻Σţ಻ڡ
ţֻǺܵڤԷôںҲӦΪڽ취ɡ
ڤ֮غһֱöԷġȥҩڤҹȥڤҶ٣ҪУڤȥǴơԼʶѩڤͰԼϣΪѡ
ţ֪ԼֹڤΪķֻϣԷҪΪ˾һЩΣ顣
ţĸڷŵڤϪ
ڤϪҲ֪ľٶЩ嶯ˣܸõİѩҲֻɵţʲôˡȻҲھˡ
ʱ˿̣ڤϪֻܵĸڤֵܿķϣҪ취¡
ڵῴ鷳ͲˣڤϪʾһ㶼ģĸ˵׼ĸһġ
Ȼô˵е㲻ãʵǣĸ׵ĻΪĸװģͻ취⡣Ȼ״ŻһƸڤء
ԣڵĵʱĳ⡣ѩͺ£һ˱ڿյķ֪Լô죬ǲǸˡ
ֻϣĸܸӦǳȥ
ѩûڤϪô¡ʵϣ֪ڤϪţ඼Աߵķľûôˡ
ѩ֪֮˵ĿģҲ֪кν֣ܲܰȫسڤ֮ءֻ˿̸ļˡ
׵żĸʱʱ߶Ҳʱ޿̲Ϊӡ
ţѩͲԾ
ʶԼ˵Ĺѩ̲ᣬοԼ˵:ûϵģһˣĻزȥˣ軹չˡֻϣĵʱ̵㣬ϰû
ڣڤеĳ϶Լλϡ
λǶԽôڤ˶Ĭţֻÿͷ
ȻڤĻ䣬һλӵ˵:¶밴ϸáǰΪʲô壬ΪЩ̰𣿡
԰ˡȺӲܿôάڤ֮صİȡһλȥͺҲ޳ɵ
޳ɵȻҲзԡ
˶̰ġҿǸСͲˣֺαǡ
˵֮꣬ǰǸϾͷ:αǰ֮˺޹ЩֺŹǡɲҪ˰ۡ
׾ɱ˵ΪǰȺ֮˵ЩʲôͬǲΪ¾ͱˡ
ǰӦøڤһ͵ĻᡣпԭǸСﱣ֤ȥй¶ڤ֮صܣҲǲܿǴᴦ
ڤųǸ㼺ܿͽסˡҲģᱣ֤ľСڣǾسɡ

 24 

ͬʱڤļһλµĿˡ
˾ڤǰϲŮڵڤᰡ
ʮһʮңڤȥڤ緹ȴڤ˵ڹսǴû
ڤµĶԻѾβڤֻԼ䡣
:ѾķԸ˴ȥʯǶˡû˿
ڤ:ţܺáȥɡ
ڤᰵʱЩ֣Ҳû⡣װղŵӹսǴѰڤ˵:磬緹Ѿˡ
ڤᰣڤԭЩĮ˲ڤӭȥ:ᰡ
߽ڤסڤᰵ֣ǣȥ
´Σͺ̶ȳԡʱæǵңҲԲ÷ڤ߱Щ۵ضڤ˵
סڤʮŮڤ̹ԹԵغ
ԡڤڤ̵ͷ޵
ˣ԰ɡڤ᰿Ů˻ûԷ˼ͿȰ:극ǸŮٺú׽ȳԷ
ڤ᰷ˣڤڤǵ緹
һҸճ극ʰʱ⴫һЩӡ
ʲô£ڤЩ֡
û¶ȥڤڤᰵְο
ڤ룬ڤȻطȥųȥˡ
ȥһŷһ屳һŵİŮҡ
˭ڤʵ
ҸղھʯԱߵĲݴ﷢ֵġӦǸˡ
ʯǶˣڤ᰺Ȼ뵽ʲôܿ
Աߵڤѯ˸ϸûз֡
һŮˣס󾱣ƺ󾢲ڤ²⣬ŮӦǱûģ֪˭˶Է
ڤ᰿ŮһʼİطĻҺָܿ򾲣һԲ״̬
ǸŮ͵ҵʱѾ˿ˡԣһ󲿷˶ˡ
ڤᰲ֪İŮôģҲ֪ڤôģֻվԱ߹š
ڤΪʲô֪ڤͼıʱܱ򾲣ڤǹ
ΪڤżȻ䷢ڤһܡ
ǰһ峤ʱҽǼԷ
峤ʱǽŤ˰ɣҽ塣ڤ᰼ǵҽһ峤ܲ˼ͿԻָ
峤ͻȻԴҽҲûмʲô⣬ֻΪԼѧղû㿴峤⡣峤ȥҽһʮΡ
ڤҲôΪġ
ֱһΣżȻڤźҩ˯е峤¶һ˿ŤЦݡ
Ȼֻһ˲䣬ڤ֪ԼۻûпʱЩ֣û뵽ڤô
ڤһθе֣峤ȥʱҶΪ峤Ҳǡ۾ɨԵڤʱĲǱˣǽԼõı顣ڤæջߣͷᡣ
ڤᰴӲ֪ڤ峤Թ޵һֱֵĺ峤
ȻڤҲǲ峤ڤ̫ϸˣڤͻȻҲ˽ڤΪһˣȻ֪ڤȻΪ峤ϸҪ
Ҽһڤ᰾Ҫ۲ڤ˽ӡ
ʵϣԽ˽⣬ڤ᰾ԽֺܶʱڤҪǺ˵Ĳһ
磬ڤͼϲڤޣ˵ϲǸһСʱڤһˣʱ⡣
ԽΪڤܰʱϲڤޣڤϲᵽڤޣΪģѡ˵ΥĵĻôҲ⡣
಻ֻڤ᰷ڤǺڤ޵ġΪϾڤ޴ϲҲڤһˣڤɲΪԭڤޡ
ڤ֪ǶǴСһ浽ģϵǰҲܺڤ޶֪ڤ֮ء
ԣڤĲ֪ڤĺġ
֮һ죬£ͰѼⶼһ飬ʰһû֪ʲôõĶ
УһСƿ滹װŰɫĩ״塣ûӦڤġ
ڤͰƿøڤˡ
ڤǺܺõģʲôԷҲʵش
ƿװʲôڤ־ƿӺʵ
ҩ˥ҩڤɨһۣϰԵػش
ճڣڤ͸оԣڤᰲ֪νӣҲͲˡ
ûʲôϢĸáһǲõġҸطźðɣ˵ţҩڤᰵнӹװԼĿڴˡ
ȴ֪Եڤһ⣬ǿסԼı飬Ȼر¶ɻ

 25 

ڤ᰺ϸ룬峤ܽôôͻȻԴ𣬾ǰЩʹ˥ҩ͡峤Żһһȥ
ѹ֣ÿειҩʱڤͻ׼ʱ
ԭڤֻ˵֪ʶä㣬Ŀ֮סҲ֪ҩҲͲᷢͳҩϡ
ʱڤܻҡ
ڤҩƿߣû뵽֤ݡӦҪ׻֤ݵİɡ
ڤû뵽ڤ֮ǰ棬˿
Ƿݱҩ۱С
̫ţĳҩﱻʪ֤ﱻٻڤƽԼ
ҩ۵ŽµĿڴȻµضڤ˵:Ķʲôõģ
ڤ˿΢Ц˵:ûУ̫Ҫ㿴Ŵɣһе¶Ҫȥܿͻ
ţȥɣڤ᰾ԼһЦڤ뿪
֪ǲڤûƭԾһ㲻Զû֡
ڤ뿪ڤᰱŵǹɾ˰˼ֵһС
ڤϸ룬峤Ѿȥˣڤ峤ڴʱ˵˵಻ţڤǾŹġ˵ڤϲʱĲҶԼڤеĵλжߡ
ڤԥջѡ֤ݺúòȻװʲôҲûзֵӡ
ʮȥˣڤô룬ھľΪ˷񡣶ңڤ᰻һŮڤ̡
ڤ᰿ʼãͰǸԶԼаɡ˵Ҳκ塣
󵽵Ǽڤµĵһжˡ
ȵڤ³ǸŮڤ֮صʱڤ᰾ʶ:ڤǰѶڤ޵ĺתƵڤϡ
ڤ֮ǰڤ˵ΪڤڤޣҲڤء
˭֪
˽ڤ֮ؿǲ͵ҩСܱˡڤҪȫ鷳ˡڤᰵЩ
ʹڤ޲ϲֻÿڤûʲôԹġ
ϲϲϲǲϲڤ޴ӲÿζؾܾԣҲתԼ̬ڤ޵翴ʱˣڤҲܺá
ڤޱԩ뿪ڤ֮أ˺óһʱ䡣ϴԩϻ峤ʧ´һֹԷڤ֮صָ
˵ǰŮӣϺͶԷֿڤᰶԴҲЩģΪڤ֮Ҳܻڤ֮أȴʲôæﲻϡ
ڤް˭ڤǱֵ֧̬ȵġ
ڤ޵Ůڤ֮أôؿԷ
ˣڤᰳڤгʱĸȥڤҡ
ڤһ·϶ҪˣߵúʱֻʣڤڤҶڤˡ
ڤˣ˶Щ죬ǽԷӭ˽
ڤкڤ¡
ᰣôˡڤЩ֡
֪˭ǸŮʯǶ𣿡Χ˶ڤֽŵ:֪
˭ڤҶûסеĺ棬˳
ڤ
ǶһĲţڤҲʾ:ҲԣǴŴû뵽ϰɡҸǽһ¡
ţڤ᰾Ͱڤҩ峤¶ǡ
ǵµҩ˵˥ÿµļ٣ҽûڤ᰽ҩ˳
ǲ˵𣿡ĻûзӦڤѯʵ
ţšڤӦʵղǱ峤ˣһʱסˡ
㷢ֵʱôû˵ڤҶʵ
ҵʱҲҷЩҩ۵ʱ峤Ѿȥˡңڤһֱֵĺܺá˵Ҳûм˻ҡԼڤע⡣Ȼϲң˭֪ķأҲҶġҿҲص峤Ҿ͸û˵뷨ˡ
Ϊʲô˵ЩΪַʲô𣿡ڤؿʵ
ǡڤᰵͷ
ҽڤµĶԻ°ķԸʲô˴˾ʯ˷֡ʱʱҲû̫ࡣֱǸŮֻھʯԱߵĲݴҲʶ֮ǰ˵˾ǸŮңҲ֪С´ġ
ڤֶ˶٣˵:ǴŲ֪ڤ޸绳к⡣
ô᣿һ޸磬ǴСһ𳤴ģ޸ĹϵҲһֱܺãô޸硣ڤҶЩš
ڤڤҲһӡ

 26 

һڤҶƽ
ڤ᰿Ƕʵͽ˵:Ҳ֪ڤô֪ǸŮڤ֮صģȻŮС¡
ڤЩɵؿڤ:Ҳ֪ڤϪôҲǣ
ڤϪԸģ˼ҡڤЩΡ
֪Ļ˭Ҳͽ۸νڤϪǡ
취һʱҲ벻ҾȻȥˡĹģڤҲáҪҪæĵطҡҩ۸ǡڤ˵꽫ʯϣ뿪ˡ
ڤ֮ǰѱŵҩŻǿõĵ
µڤһŮˣζվָڤġͬʱЩΣ峤Ρ
ˣҩѡ񽻸ڤǡ
ʵϣڤ峤һɡԼҪȻҲὫһֱڣʹôЩʮּ尾
֪ڤǲųΪС
ͨ˵ڤᰶʱоԼһֱŵи֪峤»һյĽˣҲһɡ
Ȼֻص֮ǰ
ڤƿţŮڤڷµ
ڤ᰻ˣڤ̳ŶԷ˹ȥί:ĸףȥˣҲ
úãĸ׵Ĵȥʱû̶˵̶òĸסĸ׸̶Ǹڤڤ
ԭˡڤǸĺúӡҲֻͻȻҲĸЩżЩίζĸѾԼǸˣҲ˳ԭ˶Է
ʱڤᰶڤ̸еЩΡոհѶײ֤ݽСúӾûиˡ
뵽ڤᰵִһ˿Ǹ:ĸԺһֱ㡣
ڤ᰽رڤ̣Ǳ䱦ڤҲȷʵ䱦
ĸףڤᰱڤ̱̫ˣڤЩỽڤᰡ
û¶߰ɣڤȥڤ᰸ıΪǣڤȥ
˷ڤ۾ڤᰵ:ĸףЩˡ
ˣǾĸ˯ĸ㡣ڤᰴȰؿڤ̡Ůÿ۾Ķܿɰ
һ̣ڤзģʹڤܷ֮ĸŮˣҲᾡԼŬŮúøûи׵İ͸˫İΪŮų
šĸ˵˯ĸ׷ڤֱ̼̫ˡ
Ϊڤ̿ԼϴڤͲ˯ڤᰵķˡ
ڤ̼ǵʱ꣬ڤڣĻСͬĺӻ͸ĸ˯һʱͱһ˯һˡȻ׶˵ǶĶ
ĸֿ˯ˡڤ̵ǵֲס˯⡣һ˯СڤѾ˯ˣڤ᰾Ͱ᣷Ȼ˴ǰ
ϳͺ˵໥֣˭Ҳ˵˭
ʱһһֱδڵĳȵ˵:˵ڤϪүүҲӦò죬ȥҲ޼¡磬Ȼȥ侲侲ٿһλᡣ
СȻȥۡǲ뿴ǸƢͷ˵ĳһָ֮ǰǸӳŭ
ߣ˭뿴㡣ӳ̽ӵ
ǶͬٿһλᣬڤҲûзԣ˳Ƶ:λˡǽɡȥúҲãȷս
ڤҲǺܼһҲûʲô
ڤֳȵĳϵıӰ:Ȼû˵Ļ齩ôã϶ԭ򡣲վĻңԷٶ취ҲûáȥڰɡҲͻˡ
֮ڤҲؼȥˡ

 27 

ǸֳȵĳϽڤ᭣ڤϪүү׵ܵܡ
ڤ룬ڿǰڤ᭾յϢ˵ڤϪһŮǣһ
Ȼ֪ʲôڤ᭾ԼӲܣȻ׸Ҫӷ鷳ˡ
ԣ˼ƽʱദĺõĳ˵顣ܺĺõĳϵȻƽ͵ģģҲӦΪڤϪһ˿ᡣ
Ȼ齩סˣòڶ
ڤҲʱȥڤϪңڤϪ
ȥ˲ŷ֣Բ׵ĸĸȻ鶼ڤأڤڻڤСԣָϵڤС
˭ڤʵ
ҡڤ᭳
үү
᭳ϡ
ڤҶڤͬ
ڤȥţֻ᭳һ:᭳ϣ
˵˵ɣģڤûֱ˵
໥ۣڤ͵ġ
ȻڤؾͰڤ´ѩڤ֮صԭĿģڤϪôʶѩľ˵ˡ
ԭڤЩЦ:ڲſܹܵȻ㸸׵׶ӡ
ڤֹӣڤ᭾͵:ʲô¶£ֱ˵
ǻһҪֻô˵𡣡ڤ֪ģүү峤ǰĹϵЩԥҪҪ峤ȥ˵Ͼүүʹˣܲס룬ѡʵ档
үү뿴˵ţڤؽǰҩ˳
ʲôڤЩڤóʲô
һ˥ҩۡڤ᭻ûӦڤֽ˵:峤Ϊҩġ
ʲôڤ᭴һûΪġˣѵܽôͻȻԴˡǶû뵽ԡ
˭ǾȻҩӦ֪˭İɣڤ֪ڷŭں޶޼£ܿҪҳҩɱѵˣöԷõӦеĳͷ
ڤڤص
Ҳǣлġڤ᭺ܿͨˡԭڤÿÿιҩʱȥѵļΪҩɺڤڲص̫ˣǾûһ˻ɹ
ķŭڤ᭵ǾͻˣҲͨ˺ܶؼ֮:ҩ˭ǵģڤᰣ
ǡ
ڤصͷڤȻ:ڤҩɱ峤κ˷ֺͻɣһǺܽˡ£ҵҩۣҲֻڤˡ
֤ݣڤԸΪ֤𣿡ڤʵ
˵¿ȥ
Ը˼ˡ֤֤ϸıһ£ڤܵӦеĳͷ
ڤֽתڤ:ڽҷڤͽڤһˡ֮ǰС˵ڤΪڤ޶ҪԸڤ¡ôڤ峤֮λаտڤºǸŮƽ뿪ڤ֮ء
úãǾ鷳᭳ˡڤϲص˵ʵ峤˭ֻҪСƽˡ
ţˡ˵꣬ڤ᭾ʹڤ׼뿪
峤סĵطòԶڤ᭻ûڤϪеʱڤѾصˡ
صеڤûһڤſӭЩ֡
ʱ˵ڤ֮ǰ͵͵ȥڤһˣʮҡ
ڤһֱ֪ڤ˸Ҫһг̶ϱˣڤСΪû˷ȥڤʱ󿴵һСңѾɷڤ
ڤᰵʱ侲һ¡뿪Źغú̳
ԺﲻڤᰵӰڤ֪Էڷ
ǰڤŬƽԼڤ᰷Ƣ
ƿţڤڴǰ첽߹ȥ£ʵ:ȥˣ
ڤ֪Ϊƽͣȴһߡڤ᰸Ǵʡ
ڤԭЩΣϾڤһֱܺãҲһֱúģȴΣĶ˳ȥ
ڤʵʻﲻ֪й¶ء
ȥ̼ҡǰڤ᰻ֻͣЩڤȥڣ˵һ䡣
ڤᰵķ֮⣬ڤˡ
һֱڤϲڤޣڤ뿪ڤ֮أѡԼġ
ڣڤ޵Ůڤڤ֮ˣΪڤȥڤ޵ġ

 28 

ʵϣ֮ǰȥڤУڤһ䶼ûᵽڤޣڤڤᰵĻ̫ûʧˡ
ѵȥڤ޵ģڤЩڲԡ
ʲôôô룿㲻ңڤЩˡ
֪ڤϲڤޣҲһֱΪֵĺˣû뵽Էڻڻ޸ġ
ڤᰱڤ˿ǵŮڤ̻ڴ˯šԣڤ̲ɱرˡ
ڤ̴ûĸôҲûĸΪһֱĸ׼ã˵ذ֡ЩŵˣԲƿᣳȥͶڴŲ
ûСڤˣڤæϡ
㲻÷ϡڤĺˣҲٺڤαװˡ
ʱеۣﲻôģȴɵذѻ˵ڡڤЦ
ʲô˼ڤ᰻ĲԣڤҲɫ
峤¡ڤĲװˣ֤Ѿȥˡ
֪ʲôڤɫڱˡ
ҩڤ֮ǰڤ᰷һƿҩۡ
ǣ֪ڤʾڤ
˵ڤѾֲסˣûڤ᰻֪¶
֪¡
ڤ᰻δ˵ͱڤס졣
㲻֪ڤ̫ˣûע⵽ڤʱѱҲˡ
ڤһֱڤ
⴫ֱСڤЩ֣ƿᣵһǣǡɿڤڤ᰿ڱǣڤѾûϢӡ
ڤŻˣҲﻬ
µڤᰲڤΪԷǷֿˣɿ֡˭֪Էȴǳû˵ֿ
ڤˡ
ڤסˡ
һڤŷӦڤᰱʧˡ
ڤţδε
ǣڤҲѹˡ
ڤ̷Ӧĸױɱ˵࣬ʱҲҴޣ֪ôЩģĸס
ڤ̵УĸǱҪġȻС˵֪ԡ
ڤȻҲڤ̺ܺãҲֻڤڵʱڤСʱ򲻶ʹĸףΪʲôײôϲ
ڤᰵʱû뵽ڤСС;͸֪֪ô׼ȷһŸڤ˵ǲʲôԵģڤֲߣǾ;ԶԶġ
ڤǰ֪ô¶ˡĸо:ʱȥΣա
ԣԼ죬Լ޳
ױĸ׵ʬȥʱڤ̳û͵͵˳ȥ֪ô죬ûĸˣЩ¡
ȥ̻żңȥǿ϶ᷢԼĲԡȻС֪ǣǲţὫ¶֪ס
ں¼ĸס
뵽׸ĸ׳ʱ˵ĸ֮ǰȥڤҡ
ˣҪȥ̼Сڤ
һߵڤ֪ڤᰱɱ鱻Ůڤ̿ˣڤڤиȥ
ڤڷڤᰱԼɱ󣬵һӦǲţȻǻںޡʹʹѸ侲
Ҳ˷ɱ˰ᰡҵ취ڤڤᰵʬ屧ߡ
ᰣԲҲܱ˷ɱ㡣һһֱ㡣
ȻڤͰڤᰵʬӾȥ
ڤһȻ󽹼ȥܱߺ:ţ˰
ڤĺæ˹
峤ôˣ
ʲô£
ʵ
ǰᰣˤˡ
ʲô
æӵڤܵߣ־ȻиˡӣѾûˡ
峤ʲô£ô
Ҳ֪ҴǱ߻ûƼᰵӰ
֮ǰÿλſӭҵġΪǳȥˣҲû⡣
һ᰻û뵽ˮ˭֪;ͿᰵʬھС
ڤͷ׵ʹޣò˵ӡ
ҲͰŽڤᰵʬ
˾ȥ֪ͨڤ᰺ڤ˫ĸĸ˿ڤ̲ڣҲȥˡ
˿ڤ̫ˣҲ֪ڤ᰸ܺãڤᰵʬˣͰȰطȥˡ
ڤص󣬾ֹͣ˿
ţϣڤŷִЩң˭˯
ڤᰵױ룬·û壬Բڤᰡ
ڤ̣ڤ뵽ʱһֱǷµģڤַܿ뷨Ϊڤ̣Ӧͳˡ
ڤ룬ÿܻڤᰳǰϢû
뵽ڤᰣڤЩѹˡ
ĺϲڤᰵģԷôͲ˳˼ء
ڤ
ڿ˵Լϲڤᰡʧֺڤ᰺Ҳֻںһڹڤᰲ˳Ϊ롣
ѹƵȥڤϣЩ

 29 

ڤ̻æܵڤУҺ·ûˡ
ڤΪڤҶڤǱʲôϢء˭֪ȴڤᰵŮڤվ⡣С۾ģǿһݵġ
̶ڤһڤ̵Ӿ֪ڤ᰷ʲô£æСݣؽš
̣ĸסĸˡڤŹغúͿƲסԼı˿޵
Ȼڤ˵ĺڤˣĶʱһ
̶ޣޡ˵ڤΪڤ̲˲ᣬ˵㡣
ĸǡǳܣҡڴ˯ѡȻĸסĸױˡ̣ҡҺ¡ڤ˵Ķ϶ģڤľ
ڤڤΪĳִ˯ڴϵڤ̱ѡСûֳ棬Щ£ͶûȥȻͷڤᰱڤˡ
ʱ㸸п𣿡ڤΪ˱գڤȷһ顣
ûСĸǰ˵ҪײԾͶܳǰڤ̰˵ͺͻ˺ܶࡣ
̣Ҫڷָ׺ĸʱͳȥĸ᲻Ͳˣң̫ˡ
ڤпļڤæοڤ̵:Ĵĸײ˵ģΣգҪԶԶ㿪ĸ׵ĻҲܶԡ
ڤڤ̱ڻУ:ĸԸϣƽֵسǲҪĻ
ĸ˵ҵĿ־Ŀ֡ҲԹĻĸ׻᲻˶Һء˵ţڤ̵ûסٴδ˳
ڤ֪ڤ̿޳йһ±ˣá
ľǾڤ̡
뵽ڤᰣڤҲЩꡣ
ڤ70ʱڤҲ֪ôϲת
תĶˣڤҲһ˽⡣ڤڤᰵĹ󷽣ϲ
ڤǵڤ޵ĸȥڤ޷·һҹ֮ͳˡ
ǵСУԵ˵̬Ծӣѧи׵¡
һڤ
͵ĺӻڸĸıӻ¿ֳɳڤСС;ͱԼɳȻЩۣҲֹ
ĸˣȻڣȻỤϾܴףᾭһС
ڤ޾˳ĬԵӡȻؿɿĲСϲ
񣬺òô￴ƺ«ڤޣڤȻʮָˡ
ʱʹڤޣڤ˵ϲڤᰡ
:ֲϲ
ڤ޺ػش:ǡ
ڤȻЩźڤĲϲڤᰣڤҲͲǿ
ڤ޵ǺؾܾڤᰣԷô׾ͷ
ڤսŰܣŰսӣڤڤ˵:˽Ķӣ˵¾Ͳٸı䣬㻹Ƿɡ
Ȼ⻰ڤû˵ڡ
ڤޱ壬ڤ˵ڤ׵ģżҲ
֮ڤΪ峤ڤҲڤߵһ
ʱڤȥۿڤϵЦеġһ̣ʶǰǰ׷ڤܵŮѧתһֱǸˡ
ʱڤ뵽:Ů޸ǸˣһúҸ
ȷ֮Ķʮ꣬ڤһֱĹúġ
ڤ·𰮲ڤᰡڤʲôҪܾ㡣ңڤ£еҲһֳаˡڤҪٺ١
ʱڤ᰾ǱŮĽŵĴڡ
֪ǲǽ˻Եʣڤʱˡڤʾܹ⡣
Щֵǣڤÿζĵֻ͵뿪ˡ
ڤ̳ڤ᰾ͰĻڤ̵ϡ
ڤ˵Ϊڤ̫עڤ̶ڤڤʱʹӸĸȥˣһסһ䷿
Уڤʮںڤˡ
˭뵽ڤɷɱء
뵽ǰżڤᰣڶԷȴʧȥʻڤҲ¡
ڤڤ̱ͷʹ޹ƽࡣ
ڤЩҪ
̶㸸ô
ڤ̫ӣڤֻһʷ:㻹Ը㸸һ𣿡
Һ¡
̣ҪͻȥڤСۿԼĸױ丸ͶԸײ˿־塣ڤ:ҪҪ͸һܾ
ڤû֪ôֻο:ûУûСûҪ̶ͻȥġ£¡
ڤΪУͻȻ뵽ںڤһϵģڤ̵¶ջҪ᭳
˵ڤţڤȥڤصļС

 30 

ڤļڤؼЩ룬ڤڤҪܿȺߵЩ
ڤؼʱһ˻ЩڤڤǼҡ
ȽڤؽǴ
ڤЩֵؿڤ̣ڤֱʵ:Ҹպ̶ʱǱ˵ġǷʲô¶ڤᰣ
ڤ̼ڤᰵֱǰʹڤ̽һСԴ
ڤſڤԺݺݿ޹ۿϸһƣڤۿҲǺġ
֪Ϊʲô
ǡڤᰲǰ侮УѾȥˡСͨ۾ȻЩģڤػǽӹڤʻ
ڤСҲѾ֪ܶˡ
ڤ˵ڤ׹ģڤ̿ŷ:ǵģǵġ
ڤֿˣڤֻúţֶڤ˵:鷳ȥ᭳ڤᰵ⡣
ڤҲȻˡϾڤᰲŻȥã׹ˣ̫ˡ
áڤӦתȥˡ
ߣڤ룬Ƕڤ˵ʵ:̶㸸ɱĸףҪϳ͵ġ𣿡
ҿԡҲټˡôһʱڣڤѾ˺ܶˣһǴޡҲѾƣˡ
ڤؿڤϣһ˯ˡ
Ϊ⺢ˡڤЩڤ̡
Ȼ֮ǰദĲ࣬ôһڤ֪ԷǸµĺúӡ
˵Ӷµ磬ԭͥԭ
ڤ˵׼һûбôڤ̣Ȼڤ̲ôеӡ
ڤᰣ֪ڤĿ󣬾ΪԺ׼˰ɡڤγӣҲΪ˶ԷԺûţҲܺܺõ
ǵĸ׵һƬġ
ڤĸ׿ڤ̣ʵ:ʲôˣ
ڤȻ۾Լڼң߻ڤڣַ
û¶˯ҪҪȥϢڤڤ̵ļʵ
ڤ̲һ˴ţҡҡͷ
Ȼ뱣ѣڤջǵֲϵƣ˯˹ȥֻ˯ǰץסڤֵʳָ
ڤ˯ˣڤŶڤصĸ̾һС:Ȼ᭳ˣһ˵
ڤ̸ղűѵӣڤĸױͲôˡ
ڣ֪Ȼڤͻ˵ʲô£͵ͷʾ֪
ڤ᭵ļұڤؼҲԶڸڵĸڡɣڤȥѵĳȥˡ
ԣڤؾ׷˹ȥ
ڤѾ֪ڤ˵¶ˣ֮ǰڤҲڤ峤˵˳ڣڤڤǾͲµڤᰵܲ⡣
ߣһߡڤкһڤؼȥ
λϺáڤָڤץţҲֻԭظǴк
ǶҵطˣڤͰڤ֮ǰ˵Щǡ
Ϊ˲ڤ̣ڤ˵:ڤڤᰡ⺢ӵʱڴ˯ڤ̫ţûע⵽⺢ڷ⺢Ӿˡ
ڤӶµȥ֡ڸǴ˵ڤԼġôôأڤ̫ˣ˿
ãڤֻüͷоԼȻǣڤ֣ͼ˯ˡڤܵô̫ƣȻ˯ĲȣܳʵرʾҪ˯ߡ
㳳ڤ̣ڤ᭵ҲǱʾӦҪڤõеĳͷ
ڤ⺢ӣһλϿסڽ¼Уܵľˡ
Ϊ¼˫ˣһֱںļͥУʱ̶̵ļСʱڣͳûĸ۰ĺӣɱĸ׵Ļס
ΪܵӦеĳͷڤܻ̿Ҫվָĸɱĸס
ĻӵδҪô죿
ǲǻһֱָ׵ʹ֮У
ǲվ֤ڤᰵҲԶܱ֪
ң֮ǰڤ峤֤ڤȥˣôƾһҩ۾ڤΪʱȥ̫ˣڤǿԷ˵ҩģݺ
ˣڤһҪվġɾǲ֪ôģ
ڤ̫ˡڤֻ̾һ䡣
Ȼ˵ĺί񣬵˶ڤе˼
ţǾͺáֻΪ⺢ˡ֮ǰʻĳϸ̾
˶Ҳףڤᰵ˵ڤǿ֤ݣڤ˵ǰ˱һɱˣҪ֤ҲǺܼǿˡ

 31 

Ĭһڤѹ˵:λϣ鱻ҷڤĸĸǱ߿̶ܻĻ٣ڤ᰸ĸǱҲв̶ǸѪĺӡǲ̶Ժļͥ
໥˿᭳Ͽڵ:˼⺢ӡ
˼ҾµĺӼǿۡûǻг˸ĸ֮ˣҸǴҲڳЩ£⺢ӻҪȥָڤ¶ǻܺúöԴ⺢ӡ
ô¶Ƕͬ⻰
Ǵ˳ĻҼСҲҪ뿪ڤ֮ˡСڤѪʵעԺҲڤ֮ءԣ⺢ӣΪṩһݱӻ
ұϾҲԽ޸󡣲Կ䣬Ȼ޳ܳԸԭ򣬵ɷϣڰ޵ĳɳУҲܶԣܺ⺢Ӻúദ㹻Ĺػ
ġ
ô⺢ӽҲǸܺõѡˡ
Ƕܸڤкõȥڤǲòѵ:ֻǣұϾʹˣҲ֪ܻáǲ⺢ӳˡ
Ƕл˵ڤȿڵ:ԣһһŵʱ̸⺢Ӷšȥ⺢ӻҪ鷳λˡ
ǻûӦڤĸ׾ȿڣ:ңҿԡһֱϣиŮĻŮġǰѾܣ߻֪ʲôʱСҿС˰ԸԺŮ
ڤĸ׵ķԣû˵ʲôѾˡ
ڤüȻЩԸ˦ӲãҪСռӵĹעʱ䣬ǰӵĺɷ򰡣ô·ӣ
ԣʲôҲû˵ֻ뵽ԺڤֵȥտСӻǹעһ˾ͺá
׳Ĭӣڤؾ֪Էڴʲô⡣ֻǣΪһӣѵʸܾ
ڤ룬ڤؼҵķΧǺܺáڤ̶ӴĻҲǺܺõġ
ȻǼŷߣڤغڤϪӣǲҲɳĺܺ
ٲãڤǸ׵ĺӡܲܿڤ̲ܣ
ڤˡ
úáΪ̶ллˡڤϲ
ûʲôĺϲڤĸ֡
ֻ⺢ЩûȫСŻˡ
Ҷ׵ģǸúӡһᾭȥġ
һڳǷӦʱΪŮѾһһ鶼ˡ
ڤ᭴:ЩҲġ
ڤڤĸԺڤأͱڤ᭵ˡ
ڤŷΪڤԺ̫˷ˣʲôʱ䡣һлûжۣǻﻮ
侲ڤʵ:ʲôʱȥҷڤ
ڤᰵ󡣡
ǡڤܴڤᰵİᡣ̶ǲǻҪȥ
šһҵˡ
û¶ҵȻҲ̶һȥ䵥ڤĸ׿ڤĵǣԼ
СˣʱġڣҾͷĶˡ
аɡǵȻ⺢ӻȥȥһ¡
šڤӦ
ȳǶ˺ڤͷԵڤ̡
̶ˡ
ԭڤˡڤ˵ԺԼڤ̸еůġ
С֪¶ûмˡ̼ҡżҶỶӭġ
еӣĸҲûˡȻӦĸҪúûţԼҲ֪δΡ
ԣڤŵһңڤصĸ׻չ֪ԼԺ󲻻һˡҲ˼šš
۰ĸоҲѹֲס֮ǰĶĸȥıʹͶδ֪Ŀ־壬ڣþжй
úãû¶û¶ˡڤڤĸСҲܣôôõĺ¶أ
ǲڤװ˯ǸõΪ෴ǾӺܻᱣԼǴڤأǶǻڤֵ̱ĺá
ţڤ֮ǰ̵ĺðɡͿԿڤжమԼĺˡڤ̵ıҲǾãֵİ
һο޹ڤԸоöˡҪؼȥĸһ档
ڤвʵģʰʹڤ̻ȥˡ

 32 

ڤ̻ˣڤϽǰ:ȥˣĸȥˣ֪㾹Ȼ棿
˶ûӦͼڤڤ̡
˶Ϊڤȥˣڤ̫ѹˣԶڤĸȥûоеʧѹҲͲԾЩ
֪ڤǣڤѵıݣֻһЦ
ǰôûڤһأ̫Ϸˡڤǵ
ڤڤɱĸ׵ʱͲٽԼĸˡ֮ǰ⣬ڤڤֻڤı̫Цˡ
ڤֹ̲һڤĸ˵ĸףĸ˶Ľɵͷֽĸ׵İһˣıڤ̲ҹͬ
ڣڤΪʲôûؼңΪʲôĸ׳ʱߣ
ڤ̺Ϊĸίܰе˵ĸ˳˳ذߡ
ڤ̵ͷĬ˶Ϊڤ̱ڤˣæȰ:ˣˡ¶ҲǺӵĴûӣҲûĸסѹҲѹ
ɣҵĸסһ˶ҡţڤ̵ֱֱص˵ϡ
ڤΣҲٶ˵ʲôϾʲô֪飬һڤ̵棬̲סȷˡ
ȥĸסӦú㡣ڤǻع飬˵һΪӦ˵Ļ
ǿ޵öˣڤѾ޲ˣֻĬĬشᡣ
ڤĻ˳ӵĸʬڵĵط
ʱ˲ſڤͨ˫ۣҲڤŨŨϧ֮顣
֪˭ص̾һ
ʱ䣬ɫͿҪˡ
Ϊ˷ֹȻӰǵȼ˻ѡ
ʱͻȻҺлΧһС
һҲǾٰ񣬰ʱ仹ǰ
һһλ˵ϲɥҲμʱǱףԸ̬ϣԷڵҲܰߡ
ڤᰵЩˡ
Уڤ̫ԩˡ˻꣬ɷ峤ŮС˭֪ôͻȻˡ̫ϧˡ
ڤǶȵ˵£ڤȻֵڤЩţڤᰵ˳͵ȥķصˡ
ڤߺ˳ɱŵСͲˡ
Ϊڤȥ⣬Ҳȥעȥˡȫû˼ǵûŵڤϪѩţˡΪţ̵ڤΪڤϪĸڤһ˶û
󣬻ڤ᭳ٻؼǰһ:ڤϪСӺǵһαءȥ𣿡
ڤظĸ:ûС
ڤ:ˡ
ѽҵСӰȥͷ𣿡ڤĸ׺Ȼ
ûСڤ룬һֱæû˭ȥĺ档ǷԿ׻ء
Եȵꤵ˳ԵѾʮˡ
ڤ˵ҲЩΡһֱڤ̣û뵽С¾ԲϷ
ڤȥ͵ġ
ڤظţ͹ѩǲ죬ֻǣѾмƻˣܿͿԷ뿪
ѩʶڤأ˵ڤϪĸ磬һ֣л
ţЩڤ
ܺá
ǾЩ̫ˣ̫ãڤز:ûʲô㲻õġ
ţ:֪ˡлл
ڤؿţ˼͸ڤϪͷȥˡ
ΪлҪܵڤϪͷġ
磬硣Ҷˡô£ôûͷҶܲˣ˵ѩˡ˼СģӶܰҪǵҲڲ԰ɡ硭û˸ڤϪ˵̫ˡżڤأ˵ͣ
ʼʱڤŵܵܿˣһ¡˭֪Է˵һ̶ͣǷʱ˵գڤػǳֹˡ
úóԷ극ڤ˵
ڤѾͷˣڤϪҲͼþգسķ
ڤϪԺˣڤؾʵ:˵˵ɡ
˵ʲôڤϪװɵ
ڤô᲻˽ܵ:׿ǰ¶ҡȷ㲻ҽЩʲô𣿡
һ⻰ڤϪʱͿ
ҿǸ˾ǹѩ
֪
ȥҹѩ
֪
һѹѩȥתһȦ
š
ûˡ
ûˣ
š
ͦõģҪҾȥ
ڤû˵ٻӣڤϪеˣջ˵ʵ:ҿ
˭ڤ£ڤع٩
ڤϪæϡ
ǶԹѩһ飬ټġڤϪʵ˵
ֻ棬Ҫټ棬㲻ҪˣڤضԵܵܵĸ龭Щĵġ
ȻڤϪܿ϶
ڤϪ˵նڤؾ֪˵ľĵʵ뷨
ı䣿
䡣
ڤؾڤϪԼ飬Ҳֵֻܱ֧̬ȡ
Ҫȷһ:ǸйѩŮǸˡа취׷¶Ҳֻ뿪ڤ֮ءȷ𣿡
磬ϸġĸڣҺܷġڤϪش
һ̣ڤظоĵܵܳˡ
ðɡ˾ͺáҿ˼ҹѩûʲôо
Ҳ¡ⲻǻûжҲ˽ҡڤϪֵúŵӡ
ˣ磬ĸǱȱ˵뵽ʱԸ¶
Сǲֹġ
֪ҾԵ֣һЩ
ˣȻȥˡĻǾͿԳ
ţ֪ˡ
֮ڤؾ뿪ˡ

 33 

ڤ뿪ְ
ڤϪ뵽֮ǰѩ˵ڤ֮صϺܺںܺڡڣѩӦüʶˣҲ֪᲻Ầ¡
ȴ֪ڵĹѩѾˡһģû¶ʱ򣬾ԼԸúϢȥˡ
ڤϪ߻ŵˣùѩȻȥüˣȥ
ȻڤϪ͹ѩҸδ˯ˡ
ڶϣڤᰵ
ڤһҹû˯ڤᰵĹǰѡ
ڤͬû˯ţĿĸദʱˣһһҲ˷ѡ
ߵң˾Ҫ׼ڤᰵĹȥˡ
̶ĸһ̡ڤʹضڤ˵
ڤ̲ŵĸףҲûзڤĻǰĸװݱȻʧڹײĸǺ档
ڤΪԼͿ޾ˣ˭֪ʱֲð˳
ĸףߺáڤĬĬףԸ
Ŀĸ׵ԶȥڤʶһҲûĸˡ
ڤ֪ĸľǰĲµҲֻúûţȹÿһ졣ĸףҲĵطҸֵź󣬻ĸףĸףûйÿġ
ڣĵһ졣
һߣڤڤġ
Ϊ˱ģһڣڤᰵĹһ̧һ񣬱һϵһ˿̵ġ
˶óڤڤᰵأʵˮʯһ졣Σʱ
ŵңѾˣҲѾˡھ͵ţǵˡ
Уڤ峤λϡ
г϶Ժڤվ˵:Ҷ֪ҵӸոᡣӦƺٿģڤ֮ڤĵһ£ԣΪڤ峤ҲԸ˽¶д¡ڣǿʼĻɣ
ȵȡڤվ
᭳ʲô⣿ڤЩ֡ؼҺڤ᰷ִٵʧֺڤᰡڸڤѾٰڤᰵûйעڤʲôҲ֪ʲôͼ
ڿʼĻǰôҿһ뿴ڤ᭽һҩ˳
ʲô϶ڤóһʲô
ڤⷽʱһܿסˡ
ЩŵġΪ֪ڤᰵģڤ᰷ƿҩ۵죬ȥʱڤᰵϿ
ϸ룬֮ȷʵûڿΪڤᰲϲˣˡԭô
ڤ᭿ڤһۣ:˥ҩۡ
ڤǣڤȻαװ֮ǰһֱжŶԷԷڼʱͫ΢ţΪڤĲ֪ʲôˡ
ҩ𣿡
ǲµļٵĻû˻ᷢ𣿡
Ƕ֮ˣܿ뵽ص㣬ǶǸʵ
Ƕڤ᭣ȴĽء
û峤Ϊȥġ
֮ǰ֪ĳǶһ𾪣ڤֽŵ:ǲţҽ⣬֤
ڻ鿪ʼ֮ǰڤ᭾ڤؽΪ峤εҽ˹
ԭҽǲŵģڤ˵Ǻ峤ȥйغʰ˶˹ȥΪһֱΪҲ峤ĲеΣڷԭҲΪྡԼһ
ҽ󣬾ʹĹ߼еҩۡʱЩãҩ˳ȻҩЧЩǿԲĹЧ
ڵõһ̣ҽ˲:
ҩ˭ģҽתڤ᭡
ҲЩ֪ĳҪ֪ģҲڤ᭣ȴĽ
ڤ᭽Ŀڤ:峤ڤ㲻˵ʲô𣿡
ҽ߶תڤ
λϺҽĿ⣬ڤǱ򶨡ĶãҲαװôˡ
Ҫ˵ʲô᭳ϵ˼ҩйϵ𣿡ڤ
ڤ콻ҵģҲȥǰСʱڤ᭿ڤӣ֪ϣֱ˵
᭳ϣĲˡҵӲȥͽˮã۸վΪԼ𣿡ڤʲôԩŭر粵
㲻ôӵͷΪԼ⡣ٺͺκιڤն˵
ں˵˵ʲôڤˣ˶ԿĻš
ʧڤԸ£ϾϲڤᰵģͶԷϡĲԼڤᰣԣڤᰱ˸
ڤڤҲȥģʱˣԼʶУڤ᰿ܾ׹ˡ
ΪӱʵԿԳɹԼ

 34 

ڤϾڤܿͷӦˡ
ڤǿΪڤᰲŽ֤ݽǲãͳ¶ˣǻڤᰵ⡣Ȼʵû֤ݵĻҲֻǻɶѡ
һ˿֪ڤͻȻ뵽ڤ̡
췿еĴ˯ļ󣬿ܾڤ̡뵽ԼףԼ飬һϦ֮ûĸҲûס
ġġڤаοԼ
ڤʹԼƽʵ:֤᭳û֤ݵĻͲҪ˵ˡ
ȻСɷģҲԩġ
ڤƶʹڤҲ
ڤ΢Щҵʱڤһ˽
ڤ̵˲䣬ڤ˶סˣָڤ̣:Ů
ڤķӦ˻ʲô׵ء
ΪڳĴ󲿷˶֪ʵڤҪͷβһ顣
Ȼ˵һ࣬ڤ̶Ƕ˺Ѿڤˣٺĸڤˣôֺ֧͹ˡ
ߣѾ֪ˣĸžǽıǰ峤֤ݸȥģĸ׺͸Ҳһֵԭ
ȻĸѾѡΪĸδ¶ҲҪվ
ڤҵĸڤᰡ
𣿡һʵ
ǣĿáΪ·ʱڷ˯Ƿ˵ģڤʱûע⵽ҡ֮ҲΪţĸ׵ͳȥˣûҴӷȥ
ڤ̿ڤ۾:ڤʲôҪ𣿡
㸸סڤĺˣֺϣֻҧгݵ˵һ仰
㲻ҵĸˣɱĸ׵һ̡ڤƽֱڤ
ĸװڤڴ˿̲ʶڤ̵Ļģôġ
סڤ·ʧȥʲô
ͷһΣƽϵʧƾűȥͼЩʲô
ҵδû㡣ڤ̲ٴڤͬһҡԣȷԼ뷨ͺͳǴкȥˡ
㸸סڤڤ̵ıӰ૵
ڤӣڤֻ᭲ͬܡ
Ҷڡһ¸νε¶ɡڤλʵ
ô죿ִӦҪ峤ְ
԰԰
ڷ¶ľ峤
һȽڤѡ峤峤ڤ
Ȼ˾Ǿôɣڤܽ
֪ͨǣȻйͶɣ
ԣҲ
԰ٰĹ涨ѡѡˣˣѡ̳ˣ죬ȷ峤ʱҲְ֧
ǵģڤ鲻ȥַ±䡣
Ȳ֪ĳǾѡڤȥ֪ͨˣ˭ô鲻ءЩ֪ĸĬĬտڣʾǲ
ðɣϡڤҧҧˡҲЩġ
һӺǶˡ
ڤ֪ģҲеһ˾һͷˮˡ
ʲôˣôͻȻҪѡ峤ˣ
˵峤ڤ˴
ɡǵ峤ͦõ𣿡
Ҳǰ֪ǲʲô᣿
ˣˡˣȥ˾֪ô¶ˡ
ԣߣߡ
ڤǵȴʲôûнͣȥ
ڤ˵ڤáһǣڤ峤ʧڤᰣӦΪΪӦеĴۡǣڤ˵ţǵתڴ˴
Ȼ˵ڤԵЩĸףھڤԼڤ
ˣ˵ļҴңڤԵЩơ
Ҳȷʵˣٵţ¶ڤһӾͷҲܲŲæ
ӦЩ棬ΪʲôҪѡ峤ΪЩӣһ仰Ҳ˵ֻ֪ͨˣٸ֪龭ڤ˽ˡ
ţڤ᭾Ͱʱķչ˳ڤ˵һ顣
ڤ˵ֳĬӡ
ҶԼĶ䵽ʲô
ֱӺֳű֡
ܽܵľڤĸĸڤᰵĸĸˡ
ǰǲܽܺúõĶӾȻɱ֣󻹱ԼŮҷ
߲ܽܵһֱŮǻȴɱһֱûΪˡңûΪ峤Ůں̶ܴϲǰõŴ
벻ǽΪǵˣ֪鲻ȣֻø̾컯Ūˡ
ɶôôɶˡǵǶô˲кƽʱȰڤˣо˼飬ֻϣܵеĴ

 35 

л峤ˣŮ
Ů֪ʵܺãǲ֪ΪʲôͻȻͲ˵ӡ
ڣףͶһеһоǺԵɡ
뵽ױǰһʱ䣬ڤڤޱȽϡ˽˵ڤ棬˵ϣô
˵ЩʲôҲǲˡ˼:ڤڤޣڤ峤֮λ԰һ鶼ĺܺá
ڤԹףʵǿ⡣ΪվǸλãܵıͣҲԹ޺Ͳ
ȻĻܻᰲοԼ˵ǸҲٻˣֲᱻְ˵˵£˵ٶ࣬ǻλá
ڤЩˣôҲҪɱ˵ĵز
峤ŮԭڤôΪʲôȥҲûʲôˡ
˵뷨ڲͬʱҲǲͬġȥʣ˵ڤ᲻ش𣬵شˣ֪ľҪĴ𰸡
ͨ˵峤Ůپᣬ鳹ȴԺͺһȥͶƱѡ峤ˡ
һڴҶΣȴĽ
˶ڴڤҲôҶȣλѡ˵ԼǵĵƱ˳
Ʊģڤ˵֮ǰ˾ͽ:ڤأڤأڤء
ڤءƱһڤĿ˵֡
ڤǰ
ҺãڤأҺڴҵ֧λáԭҵļƻǰ̣ǰ峤ڽ峤֮λȻǰ࣬Ľ峤á
㡣
ԶԣǶ֪
ڣǰ顣һڤ´˽ڤ֮أڤı¶ڤ˵ش¼ڤظλֽʷ⡣
ôھȽһ¡ΪҲż峤֮λ»Щ죬Ҫҵ
˽⣬ڤǸŮѩڤ֮أΪֻһڤѪҪڤ֮أͱҪмʵΪ·ڤ֮ϣ˳ڤ֮ءڤ½ڤ֮صԭ򣬾ΪЩҩЩӦ֪챻־Ϊȥ͵ҩݡ
ڤϪҵĵܵܣҶ֪Сһֱڤ֮أûмˡһֱ˵ĺûǲģҲ֮Ϊ佫ѩ͸¶˳ȥ˽Էһ̰˺ЩöԷվŻʱվ
Щ¼ǰڿͶƱĹǣϸá
ڤ˶峤ڤؽʱǶֻǾţûдϣûڣڤصĻˣǿʼҵʱ䣬
ԭİ
ȫڤԭڤ֮İǰ֪
Ҳǣû˵
Ӧڤ޸ڤµİɡ
ӦǣʷӦּأҪȻڤô֪
峤ȥҳǿô֪ļٵġ
ԶԣӦÿ
ڤܵȻûϵ˵󣬴ҵĹע㶼ڲǴڤѪ˽ڤ֮صķϣѾǰصļض˳
֪Ķڤؽ˳
ҿվǰŵһȳ˹
ʼ֮ˣˮʧ֣ʳޣ壬ڤ֮ءģļء
֮󣬴Ҷӿ˹¼
һ֮󣬽ˡ
󲿷˶Ը鴦ֻҪڤ뿪̤ڤ֮أֻҪѩȥ󲻶κڤ֮ص¶
˳̬ȣֻм˷ԡ
ڤرȽֵǣڤкޣϢȥץڤµڤҲվλϡΪڤᷴԴᴦڤء
ʵϣڤֻǾڤޣڤڤ޵Ůڤ֮أ·һУڤ֪ʱŻᱻҴĿ
ڤ¶ҪȻҲֻڤʱַԣڤҲ൱ڰһæȻ˲֪ԩڤ޵飬¶˵ҲȷʵҪеΡ
ˣһΣŹڤ¡
ڤϪ⣬Ͼ峤׵ܵܣֻҪԭϵĴ⣬ǶһЩҲڤ᰸ĸܽڤԭڤ̵֪ѡȥҡ
ȻѾ˽ڤؾͷԸȥִС

 36 

ţࡢѩڤϪ˱˳
ţ࣬ѩкܶ໰˵ʺϽǵ˽¡룬Ǿȥ˵
ţ౻ŵʱ򣬾һֱڤԣȽڤ´һԷûʲôֿ˿ѩֶԷе㾫񲻼֮⣬Ҳûд⣬˲İˡ
ڤϪͿ˿ѩԷû¶Ťͷ磬ʲô
ڤҲǶȣֱӽĴǡ
ԡţȿڡ
ڤֿ˹ѩ
ѩͷ:ҿ
ǰԼĶʰþ뿪ɡڤ˵ҪקҪŹѩڤϪ뿪
ڤϪʼԸ⣬ڤ˵ĸ֮ǰܵͲˡ
ڤϪŤԹѩڰ֣:ҵȻȥ㡣ҡ˵뿪ˡ
ȴ֪󣬹ѩûĻһ¶
ѩţҪڤ֮лţϵţкڤҵķȥˡ
С¡
̡
ȸ㽲һ춼ʲô¶ڤͽڤԼΪʲôԭţࡣ
ԭΪұˡţп
ҵûʲôֻڤᰵŮڤ̣ڤضţ˵
̣Ը⣬Ҿ֧˵Ҹ׺ҵĲǣܳߡڣ̶ãҲܸԺҸҲǲᷴԵġ
ţڤޣڤһ˲Ĳڣܿڹȥˣûţ෢֡
˳ţĻص:㲻ͺá
ô⡣෴Һܸˡ
ţʵ:̶ܼ𣿡
峤˳·ȥһɡ
áţû
ȥڤؼңڤĸڤϪ߶߶ڤϪһ䷴ԵĻ˵ΪԱ߶ء
ҴС̶Ϊڤ黹ûнڤʱסڤؼ
šڤؼֻţֻԼڤȥڤˡ
̡½㣿ڤ̿һ˾ӭ˹
ѴڤؾԾ߿ˡ
ǣڤ¡ڤûڣţͽ˹
ڤţ࿪ڣͱ˳ĬԱ߿ǡ
½áڤ̹ɵʰЩš
ţʶôˣôܿڤڵڤԼ
ţҲûеƣֱ˵:ҺܿҪ뿪ڤ֮ˣԺҲԣҿ԰̶ðչ𣿡
⻰ڤ̾ţʲô̬ȡ
һЦݣش:Եġһչ˺̵ġ
½ллˡţҲڤһЦ
һĳϿңһӦеˬ죬ڤоԼҲůůġ
ţǱϾڤ֮ضڤ̽Ҳ͸ȥʰȥˡ
صڤļңѩĶѾʰˡûüԵʳڤ
ʰԼĶţǻûѩ˳ֽţĶҲһ
ȥ󣬼ѩԺǣ߻ţ֪ѩʰˡ
лл
ûʲôţлѩЩȻػһ䡣
ţҲ⡣
ڤǵദЩЦǻԼõġ
˷߰ɡڤ
ѩǿ԰ȫ뿪ڤӦó˺ܶҲͲܾ
ţټڤһ棬ҲͲܾ
һٷȻȫ̶ŸԵ飬൱Ǣ
βᣬһٷʱܻȥ
̣ˡ֪ȥڵ·ţ࿴ڤҪȥʯǶæֹ
ʯǶӻһξģţɲڤ͵Ƕȥ
˵˵ڤҪȥţҲûа취˵ı⡣
ڣʱڤҶ˹
ڤҶҪǵġ
ڤţԸڤҶǡ
ˣ̣ҶˡǵġͰڼ
ǰ̣ҿ϶Ὣƽͳڤ֮صġڤҶһ֪ʲô£æȰɲڤôԶĵطȥȻţǲȫ
ǶԣڤҲֻ÷Ŀ뿪
߰ɡѾкˣһǵڤ֮ȥڤҶҲЩᣬҲ֪õĽˡ
Ҷ壬Ҫ鷳ˡţСֻĸĸûиദ
ڤڤҶദǶܺãʱϣһֱһ
ھҪ뿪ˣţҲʮֲᣬ֪ڤҶҲһģעҪ뿪ʱ˱
鷳ⶼӦġˣ˵Щˣ߰ɣڤҶҲ֮˵̫˸еĻֻţలĵ뿪
˳ڣڤҶ:С£Ҫץѩ֣ܷſ
ǣ֪
ţ͹ѩЩţ̶̵쾭̫¶ˡھҪ뿪ǻоЩʵ
ڣǶ˳سȥˡ

 37 

ۣţͿɽ¡
ʱң⸽Ļ뿪ǰûʲô
ֻǹѩͨˣܲסԽڤ֮سڵӰ죬εˡ
Ҷ壬֪ѩε𣿡ţȻ
ǣ֪ǷݼҲˣй¶ļ¼ԣҸһѹѩɽɽȥڤҶһ¡
鷳ˣҶ塣ܵһЩѰ졣
ûʲôȥɡ
š
ţǵ͹ѩǰɽɽŵʱ򣬲ҡ
ɽţû
ڤҶţڴ˴ȳ˻гԶ
һһͳǵС
״ڤҶ٩:ͲСˣһžͻһ֡
ţ಻֪ʵ飬Ϊ棬æڤҶȥ
ڤҶţż͵:û¶û¶ղҿŵ˵ôһһҲӰ쵽ҡ
ģڤҶ˵棬ţ໹Щš
ڤҶҲ֪ԼЦˣʵ˵:ʱûģȷʵܳڤ̫֮áһᣬǻãʱ䳤Ҳͨ˿һһʮ꣬ҲʮˡӦͻָҲͲˣʱ䴦ĻлѸ˥ϣǻزڤ֮أҲܿͻȥԣһĶ߰ʮˣΪ˰ȫʱ䲻һ꣬Ӱ졣
ڤҶĽͣţͷ࣬ǴڤҶڤ֮ء
ţ֣ҳѾ쵽ˣڤҶֻӦ:ǺðɣС£ԺౣأҺ̶ġ
ţҶ壬Ҷ֪ġҪڤҶ˵ټˣţҲЩѹ
ڤҶ뿪ˣţڴ˴ȳ
ûڡ
˳ţŷֻǰλ˾
˾Ȼǵǣȥˣôǰûг˳ȥ
ѩ˯ţʹѩô¶
ţ˾ǵֻй֮⣬Ҳش:ǰɽϿ䣬һСľʱ䡣ڣɽǱһ˼ңǾǶһǼѵȥһΣжһ졣ⲻʱᵽ
⸽˼ң˾Щ֡
аֻɽߡѣ̰뿪ʱ˼Ϊͱ𣬾ơãȴȰҪȣ˭֪һڣεˡ
ڣ˼ƣŰ͵ĳˣ뿪ġ
˾룬ղŹʱԶԶһվߡ
ûɻ˾ٶ˵ֱӿߡ
Ȼˣţ໹ʮָл˾ǵĹģ濪ڵ:˼Ϊǵˡ
ˣûʲôСԺƫԶĵطǵöעⰲȫǺˣ֮ˡʲô¶ǵĸĸô죿ţĺ⣬˾ҲͶ˼䡣
֪ˡҲЩ£ԺͲˡ
ţ˾죬ֱһλ˿ϳǲŽ˶Ի
ţǳ˳뿪ʱڤ֮߷һЩ⡣
Ŀţ뿪ڤʰʰ׼ȥڤؼнڤȥμӶڤС
ڤؼңӭһڤϪ
ѩأѾ뿪˰ɣڤϪЩա
ĸ߶˺ܳʱ䣬Էʱ򶼲Źòӹĸ׵߶ְеһԣһ١еĸֻĸʱŻܶ໰ܵ׵﹥뻹ͦѵáڤǶûĴɡ
һ㶼ҪѵõĴҪȥѩء
˭Ǽ׶˵Ĵڣֿˣֻܱܡ
òܳˣ˭֪ײڤҡΣžͲµѩѾ뿪ˡ
ڤ:ǰѾˡ
ڤ϶Ĵ𸴣ڤϪҲ٣ɿسǸȥ
ڤϪûǵڤĽҵңԼߵĻʮңڤһ·ͣͣģһһʱ䣬ҲǶʮӡ
ʮڤҶǶһ·ˡԾܵٿ죬ҲֻԶԶؿһʧڤ֮ء
ڤϪԼЩʧߣôû뵽Ҫ뿪ڤ֮صĻᡣȻĻھͿԸųȥˣؿ뿪
ؼǣ֪ѩסԺҪôãã˺ҵˣ
ڤϪЩˣѵİ黹ûʼҪ
ڤϪԭأһʧǵߡ
ڤϪصҵʱ򣬼ûˡǶȥμӶڤдȥˡ
ڤϪԭҲҪȥģһ鶼ûУͻԼȥˡ

 38 

ȷʵڤϪ룬ڤڽӵڤ̺Ҵһʱ䣬ǰŸڤһһȥ
ȥʱѾвڵˡ
ڤص˹кΪ峤ȻܿΪһ峤û˭뵽ô峤֮λҶо档
ǸϵȽϺõ飬Ȥʵ:Ϊ峤ʲôо
ڤֻÿЦţʲôҲû˵
ڣЩҲûҪش
½½ҲˣһλϵǾͿʼ˴˴λ顣
ڤȽ:Ҷ֪λĿʲôϣԴ
ڣҶ˵˵ԼڤĴЩʲô뷨
ڤ˵޿⡣
ԣлﶼ޷ֲ
Ͱڤųڤ֮ذɡ
һгһ
ڤѰȥڤ
ΧȻҲڤĻŤͷ
ԡĿеڤһҲţҲ±˵ǹ˽ֱ˵:ڤʲôǾͷʧȥʲôǶĳͷ
Ƕ˼ӣڤ˵:ʮǰݺڤޣʵڤҵʾʮǰұҷҲڤ͵֤ݸ峤ġôڤĹ۲죬ֻˣһڤᰣڤѾɱˣûֵϲڤᰡһ뿪ڤ֮صڤޡڤڤʮ⣬һֱ볬ڤޡԣڤ뿪ڤ֮أ峤ӭȢڤᰡòڤޣһܲˡ
ңڤǳڤ֮أһ´Ҳ͵;ƿݵĵزˡȻȥҲͲǵճ֮ͬѪ
ڤĽͺҲ˽ΪʲôǰڤһֱڤԡȻ󣬴ҲڿڤĽĿԡȷʵڤ˵Ϊġ
ڤ֮ص¶ô죿
ǰڿɲǻ˼֮ͬˡ
ڤĽУǵĵҲûд
ڤ˵:ڤ֮صһɽɽĴ̣ǿǸһ֮ڤʱ̿ҲͲ˹ᡣ
Ϳԡ
ţԸȥڤ
ҲԸ⡣
Ƕͬ˵ڤؾͷԸȥ˾жڤķӽ
ǻûͼڤسſڣ:죬ȥڤոմڤˡ
ԭڻ鿪ʼǰڤ̾Ѿ䶨ˣֻҪȴսͺá˵ؼȥ˳㽫ĸ׵Ķʰһ¡
ڤڤĸ׶Ӧˡڤȥġ
˭֪ʱڤͻȻ˽ڤסһѻӿˤڵءعͷͼڤֱӰڤ̸δˡ
ڤڤôģҲ֪ҪڤȥԣæϵߴϢ
һڤĻ͸Ͻܳȥˡ
ڤЩڤôģ͵Ѻ˵ķ俴˿
ǱԿ״򿪵ģЩԿڤسΪ峤ʱͽС
ڤбԿסڤؿ϶˵
ڤϸһ룬ڤ϶Ƕĳʹʲô
״ڤȥˣڣԣʯڤͻȻ뵽ڤǺ±ų壬пľǽڸˣ˶ȥ
ôţڤش˾ʯȥ
ڤظ˽ڤڤڤˣ֪Էȥٻ籮ˡԣһʱʹĸʯǸȥ
Ȼڤһ˾ھʯǷڤԼڤ̵ټ
ڤڤߵĲ죬Ҳδô׷Щʲô
˸˹ڤͽڵϵڤȻذ׺ڤ̵Ĳϡ
㡣ڤһ߽ڤŷָڤ
ҡ뵽ôһ𣿡Ϊڤٳڤ̣ڤҲҿ̫Ϊתڤעڤڤ̸
ûаɡڵǱģڤ񲻵ڤشͼ˵
ڤȻΪĻ˾裬ڤʹɫͳڤ𹥻
ڤδ뵽ڤ˵ŻأͻȻϮ̧ܵذ׵ֻػʱڤĸǳڤע⣬ڤ̽˳

 39 

ڤʶڤһʼ취ڤ̡
ܺðڤ񣡡ڤ״ҧгݵ
ڤûظ
ϸ˿ڤ̣ȷֻǱˣûʲô⣬¿ڤ
ҵȻܺáҾ͸ˡڤûʣڤҲͲٹ˼ɡ
Ȼ֮ǰĻΪ˼ŭڤ˵ģҲȷʵڤĻ
㵹˽ҡ֪Ըľ뿪ڤ֮أҲ֪Ϊ˲ڤ֮ػѡ˽籮ڤ챻ڤˡ
ʵڱʱڤʮֵԼĴΪ˽ˣʹ˵Ҫûһµȥ֡ԣ²пܵĽǱȦ
û뵽ðһڤ񣬲Ƕһ˽ڤ
ԭֵֻĽȴڤ齫ϳڤ֮ء
ڤǾԵڤѪΪٵģǱϳڤ֮أڤ
ң֪ǵ»ΪȲִ⣬ҲԵôᣬԵµС
ǡǽڤ֮Ÿǽޡ
ڤѾĻʲô:첻Ӧеصز顣ÿ춼ڷ֮أԼȥֱսᡣ
ԣ뱻ϳڤ֮ءҪ֮ǰڤ֮صĽ籮ˡûܸ뿪ˡ
·ҵʱڤǳ״̷̬Ӧ:һڤ档
ڤ룬Юڤ̣˿ڤ̵İȫķϣҲǿж֡ҲиĻ顣
Ϊܽ籮ٻĸףڤܵղңõġ˻Ȼڤ̵ķ䣬ڤ̴δߡ
ԭļƻǽڽ籮ܣû뵽հڤ̷ڵϣڤʹ׷
Ҳû뵽ڤȻڤ̡
ڤǿͷϼŭȻڱЦѿʱǰͻȻˣܵķӦȻǻػ˭֪ڤĸǻץסὫڤ̴ߡ
ԣ׼ʻûüóͱˡ
һе׾ڤ
ڤڤֲʱڤش˸˹
ڤôڤؿڤ̲ʡ£æѯʵ
û¶ֻǱˡڤڤصĹ۸кܺãҲԸӻشڤء
Ǿͺáڤŷġ
ȻԸһ˵:Ȱͻȥɡ
λӦˣʹڤ̻شȥˡ
ڤֿɡڤضڤΪеǳܡ
Ҫ˵ڤûʲôλãڤػ⡣Ͼ˵ҪһЩ
ڤأڤ̿Ů
ʣĸ׻ὫԼŮΪʣ
ƫƫڤ¡ȥڤʮ۰ȫڡ
Ҳǣһֱŵµȥ֣˵ԼŮˡ
Ҳġڤ૵
ڤأͼڤӿڴͳӣȻ˵ġ˳
Ҫʲôڤؼ״Щš
ڤСķԿ԰Աߵľʯը顣ڤؾڤһСľ͵ȼˡ˵ڤԼҪܡҪ˵ΧˣǾͲˡҪһûˣǽ籮ҲǱסԣôڤȼ
ʲô뿪ڤ֮أƫǵԸ˵ţڤҪȼ
ʱڤȥһסڤֹ֣ӿ
Ϊס𣿡ڤȻ뱻ǯסͲͣ
ڤغڤĸǵ˶ȥڤ񣬵ȴڤˡ
Զ㡣ڤ֪˶ľ
ڤҲòȥͬˡ
ڤͻȻʹһɾѡ˳ȥȻڤ˫˫ڵϡ
ԴԶˣҲ˲ñӵġæΧȥڤеĻӸڤڵϡ
ڤڤʵ:û¶ɡ
ڤڰʾԼõĺܣȻڤһ˹ȥ
ӡڤ
ڤǲٵֿ˾Ͷɢȥұӵġվԭصڤͱѹڤĸһ
˳š׵ķȥڤȴûп
ڤ׼ȥһѰҵʱ򣬾ͼڤȻסһק籮ķȥ
ڤŷ֣ڤһֻһӣĻﻹ¶ˡߡ

 40 

˵ϣڤ׼ݡͻӡ
ۿڤҪֵȼˣﻹקŸһȻᡣ
һֽڤڤ⾳ЩơΪǵĹϵغá
˵ڤĸ࣬ڤڤ׸硣Сڤʲôڤǻվһе
ڤݺڤޣڤǲ֪ʵġֱҷڤ֪ڤ񵽵׷˶Ĵ
ڤ֪Ѿ޷أǰһڤܷڤ񱻽һ;ڤ񱻷Ҳһ
֮ôЩ꣬ڤȫڤŲŰ˹ƢôܻԹԽĳͷ
ڤ޷ûڤӡ
ˣڤ룬ͳ˹ȥҲֻļڤƿԼڤŵ˵ϡ
Ȼһ˲䣬һӭϮڤʶǿڤ˹˵Ҫûüʧȥʶ
ءһѰҡڤص˵Ŀⶼеԭ籮ڵλá
Ĳڤϵġȷʵ㡣籮ըķ飬ֳ߽ڵʬ塣
ڤǸϽΧ˹ȥһŷֳ˭˭
ҵĴΪ峤ʧְڤغԼϸһЩڤȫ¶Ѳһ飬һܷڤصһݡ
ǿܵһЩѹڤҲᱻڤڤʧȥ
¹ҲѹǶ֪ⲻڤһ˵Ρڳÿһ˶ӦΪ¸
ô;ýƻڤķأ
ôûж˰һѹסڤ
ôûʱӦڤһأ
ǷˣҲȷʵˣûκظǡ
ÿһ˶ĬŽڤǵʬ̧˻ȥ
ڴϢ˼ڤ̧ʬˣæǰʵ:ʲô¶ˣ
һ˽ľ˵Ҳ
Ȼ˵ڤһڴķãôҲһ˺ܾãҲеģҲʵû뵽ڤڤôȥˡ
ϸ룬׿ϲɥˣ̶죬ȥĸˡ
ڤش˽ڤǵʬ嶼̧ȥҲԷظڤ
ڤؼ󲿷˶ڴˣͽľһ顣
Ƕһʹӣڤ֪ԽʱΪ峤ԽҪվ
ҺܱǸûܱˡڤҲܣҪ¸ԡ
Ϊ粵ڤֹ:˾ǴˣûκɿԸıǴһʵһʹһŬ²ٷһ׼췢鵥¼˲ο
ԣӦô
ҿ԰æ¼
Ҳԡ
ǲԾڤҲɨǵˣͽ:Ը¼ľԼдһݼ¼Ȼ󽻸ҡȻҰǶװһ𡣱ϾΪӽǲͬͬ˶ͬһҲвͬĿ
峤á
ԣҾͲúˡ
ˣ¿ȷһšڤ֮صĳڱˣڤԸ㡣ҽҲֻڤҶһ˳ڤ֮أȽ˵ǣڤ֮ǰѾص˴
ǰǾ˻Բò岻ꡣͬΪ˻ԶˡǵȱҲĺܺáһŬɡ
ŬŬͬغ˳
áȰڰǰĵһ¾ڤǵʬ辡ᡣڤڤ˵ǰչǲСڤĻôڤˣвΪɢڤԼǲڤصģ˵
ǲԸء
ԣ䡣
ǰǣ˵
ڤؼҶôģҲԼĽ:ڤʬҰ£ӦöܲˡԾڤɽ֮ĳطڸ°ɡ
аɡڤʣǲܲ塣
ԣ͵ȫһ֮ͬ顣
ţôˡһ£ڤ̵Ĺ⡣
ڤصĻڤᰵĸĸæܾ:ǲǻүү𣿡
ǵķӦҶµõҲͲô⡣
أڤؿڤĸĸ
ڤץ˾;Щѿ֮ǰڤʱǶûвμӡ
ڣͻڤѶǻġϾǲڤԼŮôģǻǺܰڤġڤˣǵĶӡȻڤܱأԸڿӽǾѾ֪ˡˣǲ̫㣬ǿڤĵֶܵܺȥѾõĽˡ
ڤ̣˵ʵЩӦϾָԼĸס
ڤĸĸĬŲ˵ڤؾ֪ǽѡȨǾ;ñҲ
Ȼǵǲڤ̺һġ
ڣ֮ǰ˶ۡȻڤ̲ںǣҲǺܵĸо

 41 

Ϊ˽˵ģ˶Ҫһ̡
ڤ̣˵˵뷨ڤֱڤվ
ڱͻش·ϣڤ̾ˡΪѾڤʧˣԶڤ˼Ů֮Юڤ̾ȻûеôԽܡǺƽȥ彫ľһ顣
𣿡ڤڤ̸ںڤİΣΪڤʱڤڤһѻӵ˵ϣӦˤ˵ġ
ǽŤһ£ҽѾˣû⡣
֪ڤûʲô⣬ڤҲͷĶˡǲԾӿ˽ŲķȥڤźֱϢ
ڤ̵ʱѾˡȷϹڤûڤ̲
ʵڤˣڤЩھεġţǰŲŰڤиöԷΣ֮ˣʵиţС
ңĸȥڤµõذġȻڤصĸҲʮ۰ڤĸױϾԼĺӺͼͥڤǶһˣӺŮߡȽڤҪһû˸ĸһԶǻο塣ָоڤصĸײܴġ
ԣڤ˺ͻʱΪʲôӦһ㣿Ϊʲôڤǰ棿
Ҳֻ룬ֳں˵ǡͬʱҲиԼԺҪչڤ
ڤǴڤѶʱڤоȣȻȴΨûеϲúѹ
ָ:ôˣ
Ȼָ:Ȼˡ
еϲָ:ɱҵĸףҲΪĸ׳ǻá
еѹָ:ҵסˣҾĳ޸ĸĹ¶
ô˵أڤѶڤ̸оİ˵һǴһޱϲ״̬
ڤ֪Լ״̬̫ԣϾദʮĸףôһоûУڤҲԼͺܺá
ڤѯڤ̵ĹǣʵѾ̺żʲôӦˡ
ȻֱӾܾˣ⹫ʲôҲû˵ȻĬŵľ
үүȴʲôû˵ڤǵ˼
Ǻ;ûҲȥ
ǲǰذˣǻܻԹΪָԼףǵӡ
ǲ֪пܲȡ䱩ʽһУֻ֤ÿ衣
ڤ֪洦־أǻôġ
ڤһҲѹ
ڤص˵УֵñͬģΪΪ˵ʵָԼĸף³ѹĶġ
ҲֻġԼ֪ԼôһҲں
ĸ׻ڵʱװһаĺӡĸȥʧȥΪڷĴֻԼǿӭӿ籩ꡣ
ǣĸ׵ϣţĸ׵ĸףȫȻΪȥŮеˣֻǲͣڸڤȷϣĸײˣҲҪ֮ǰһ
Ǹڤ̾ʮֿЦǹ˼ĸ׵˵öҪЦ
Уֵ̣ĺȥĲǺദ˶ʮĶϱһͨȥʱԷֵıʱѹ
һֱ֪̲ϲĸףΪԷڤĸ̫ˣõĳΪڤĸ׵
̴ֻûǰֳᷢҲΪЩ̫У̶۲쵽ġ
˭֪ĸײ뿪ԷȲ¶ĿΧû
ںˡ
̡ڤ̼ᶨ˵
ڤ̵Ļش֪ʵĶ⡣֪ʵϸǹҲܺʡڤЩˣƽʱǶȥһ£Ҳʲô⡣
Ͳ˵ڤ̺ˣƺܸڤûѡǡڤ̵үүֹû˵ڡ
˼أڤؿڤ
ҵȻԸ⡣ڤԥ˵еĴ𰸡
ȻǴףڤһ¼ңڤһŮ
Դϲ
֮Ǿ־ٰڤǵʽˡ
󣬾͵ϰˡΪҶһ죬ֻ¼ţֹ⣬˶ظˡ
ڤҲĸĸһؼȥˡ˵ڤӦðᵽ֮ǰڤסûɼңʱҲͻŸĸס
صңȴּûˡڤϪ֪ȥˡ
ڤصڤϪķϸ鿴һ飬ڤϪõһЩˡ
ڤʶڤϪԼʰ뿪ģڿ϶Ѿڤ֮ˡȻ籮ô£ڤϪܲ
ǲ֪ڤϪûзҲڤ֮ˡ
ͬʱYоƵĹѩ˹
ΧĻʱʶ:ˡ

 ѩڤϪ(һ)

ϰ˵ңYԱ߾ƵĳһУһʮĳŮ˯š
Ϊס˯ţֻһյСҹڴͷϾĹâ
Ǳһûнڸʵһ¹ûĵ˽ڵذһƬԡ
Ƶ귿ĸЧܺáˣǷеҲûг˯еˡ
ͻȻ䣬ϵüͷǱʲôţץӡ
ûһϵ˾ˡ
ѩۣϤִװ޷ķʱʶѾ뿪Ǹڤ֮ˡ
ѩĴûţӰҲ֪ȥˡ
ѩӱϵİ﷭ֻ
ֻڹػ״̬ӦҲûˡҳߣϲͷѩŰֻ
ʱ䣬ϰ˵塣
ѩȻѹַЩڤ֮ش죬оԼϰҪôǻɵģҪôǺģżһҲú͵ƴġ
ˣʼ˵ʱȻûзӦǰ컹Ǻҹ
ѩ룬Ǿţ绰
֮ǰڤ֮صʱ򣬹ѩţúˡ뿪ʱȣţҪ˵𣬹ѩҲռʱ䡣룬ǳȥˣ϶дѵʱǶ๵ͨ
ͨѶ¼ҵţĵ绰
ȴŹѩľţΪպŵʾ
ѩЩ:ţǰֻעˣ
ѩšţԻ·϶Լһϡ飬ѡ¸ԣţȴѡӱܡ
ɶǣ֮ǰ֪ĹţϢֻġǵһȥˣҲ̫ʵ
ߵ˶û
ʵھô֮󣬹ѩѾٶţƭеˡΪΣյʱѾţĶġ
ԣǵĿʼôãѩҲԸ֮һ¿ʼᣬһԳΪʵĺѡ
ңţʶڤ֮صķɡ
ֻһͨˣڤ֮ĵطǴеġ
ڤ֮У״ۡ
Ȼڤ֮غ⣬ڤҲ֮ơҪֻһˣôЩҲһСᡣҲƣҲȨıɱ
ѩûľԣĳ̶ֳϣҪлţࡣ
ڵǣţкһ뿪ˡ
ԣһûаѩп
ţҴҽȥֻͨ¼ԼʲôģѩҪΪţˡ
ΪţĴʧĸɸɾһѰԷ
񣬹ѩҲ
ڶһ磬ѩˡԭҪMеģ뿪Y֮ǰȥɽ
վĳߵڻ㣬ʱܳԣѩȥԸ緹
ԺҲYˣԹѩ׼ȥ֮ǰţһ緹һҡ
ѩǵǼֺţĳȷʵǲңѩڸתʮˣûǼҵꡣ
ѣֻԱ߲̯İ̡ڣǸصصıˣģԽ͵˵ſڡ
ѩĴŷҵڰ߲̯ĹսǴոսǴ飬û뵽Ҫսȥ̴Ҳǿ·ҵ̫࣬Űһѡ
л˰̺󣬹ѩ߽˵
ʱ˻࣬ѩһˡĻϴγԵ֡
ζһĺãȴֻʣһƷ
ѩҡҡͷͼ˦Щ˼רʳ
ȳԹ緹ҲѾˡѩ´⸽Ҳ죬Ǵȥĳվ
ȻǱȲп졣
ȹѩվʱ복ʮӡ
ѩȻҪɽû׼ˮȥԱߵĳˮȥˡ
ˮ룬ɽһˣô죿
ԣתȥЩͱɡ
ȷҪĶ֮󣬹ѩͽ˳վ˳
Сʱĳ̣ϴελ˾˵Ƿֱĳġ
ɽɽţû˿͵ֻϴţˡΣֻһˡ
೵˾һɽ³Щ֡
Сôһ˵ˣ⸽ûʲộûǲҪ
ţ֪ллĹġֻɽŸתתȻʿʲôΣյġѩȻὫҪɽʵĿĸ߶Է˻ɡֻ׵ɣöԷġ
ѩôһ˵˾ҲˡǰһҪעȫһεʮʱҪʱ䡣
ѩӱ˾ȥ
ȫʧ󣬹ѩᲽɽȥ

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ɽѣ̵ɽѡ
ϴɽţ·ԣѩܸоۣһɽҲûʲô
һˡڣﻹ߹ĺۼҲŷ
ɽ·ʵڲߣȹѩɽѾȥһСʱˡ
վɽɽѩ̧ȥɽһһƬ಻ɽ壬һһӣԿ·ĳȻвͬǣûƽһĺûŨɢɽ֣û빷ƵĴɽȣҲûбֱ£·𿴲ͷĲ¡
һжǻþһֻǰĵú͵ƵƬ֤ĵһڤ֮صĵط
ѩ׼ת뿪ʱ򣬶ȴƴ֣ԶɽԶֱɢ
ͻȻʧǰľ:Ϧ£밵໥֮ʡ
һϮѩȻѡԭɫ䰵ˣƲþһϮ
ѩڴ˶යʹҴȥ
תѩڤϪӲԶ
ȵȡ
ʱ䵹һǰ
ʧڤϪʧǵػصУ뻹ǾЩġ
òһĶŮôܻûʼͱȷأ
Ĵ˹ѩڤϪ룬Ż¶ϡ
˳ڤ֮Ҫġ
ֵ֮·æûش¼϶Ź׳
ѵҪֱ˵Ҫȥ׷δܵģҪô˵͸뿪ˡ
Ŀǰֻһ·ߣǾնࡣ
͵ȥŹѩܻû뿪̫ԶʱҵŪļͥסַȻٻı뿪ڤ֮ص¶
ʱ䣬Ϊڻᱻ˷֡
ĸǴǲĸġΪԼమȻһģǴӲ˵ĸָֻš
ϲˣֻһ䣬ǲ׼δȷԼľҲֻףܵóԸ
ԣһϣڤϪǺܸлӵôĸĸġ
ڤϪʰԼõĶܿˣŽ籮
һ·ϣڤϪѰʲôȻΪģҲʱ˷֡ͲýԼΪʲôҪˡ
Сĵرܹˣ·ߵɽ֣ŹľԵڣڤϪ˳˽籮һŴ
΢΢̽ͷ籮ȴ뿴Զڤڤһšңڤڵأ֪Ǹʲô
ڤôڤôˣ
ڤϪкǵǣ׼ʱڤشһȺ˸ϵˡ
ڤϪΡڣʲô¶ܽ
綼˵飬϶Ҳûа취ԣڿһ˲䣬ֶ˻ȥ
ڣ˵Ŀⶼڤסˣûע⵽ԱߵĴ󻹶һ
ڤϪ׼罫ڤߣȥ˭֪ڤͳ
ڤǷ𣿡ڤϪ֪ڤнѾˣڤԸܵĽֻڤ̫ˣԷȻ֪ʲôʱ׼ˡ
Ҫը˭ڤϪĶҪˡ
ʱڤ˳ȥǯסڤ
һڤڤеġ׿ʤ
ڤϪķŻصԶԶġоáǸΣƷҶ
ˣڤϪ˶ΧڤΧƹȥСĵʰȻŲ籮ĺ棬˲֪سڤ֮ء
ڤϪȥ˾ͳɽɽ
ڤϪûгڤ֮أ˽ʷԼڤ֮صĳ
ڣڤ֮ȫȻͬľɫЩ棬ҲЩãȻ
д˵е̫ơ
ϸһΧ֪ﴫϸ΢
̧ΧȥԿ಻ɽҲԿڲϢĺ
˺治ʱһЩֵӾ
Ǿ˵ʻ߳ɣڤϪп
һж֪ͬ
ڤϪͻȻʶĸ롣
ҪȥҹѩڤϪãȻ
ӹѩ뿪ڤ֮صڣѾһʱˡǳٶȺܿ죬ѩӦѾǧ֮˰ɡڤϪЩɥ
ͻȻ뵽ȥڤڹѩ䣬Է֪Ҳܸ֪ţĵַҵţ࣬Ҳҵѩ
ڤϪͨһ㣬
ӦöѾشˣڻȥͲ˷ȥڤ֮ء
ǡʲôϵʲô֪
ףô£Ѫ̫𣿡ڤϪȻûлصڤ֮ء
ֶ໮һ˿ڣǲС
ʷ˶û߹һѵرùڤϪЩơ
˼κȷôùȥڤ֮ˡ
ڤϪЩᡣҹѩѩ涼ûڤ֮أڽȥ

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侲һʱڤϪ˼ȥڤ֮صԭ
˺ܾûûʲôȻ۾һ۱ڵϵġ
԰ǽڤ֮أľǽ籮ǽ籮⣬ٶѪҲȥ
ͨ˹ؼ֮ڤϪЩɻˡѡˣ籮ô⣿
ѵڤϻСңǶûз֣ڤϪеԭ
ǾͿ˵ͨˡ˵ڤϪһģֻڤ˷ǳ
籮ʷкûйڽ籮ĳҲҲزȥˣڤϪһ
ģҸ粻᲻ҵġڤϪοԼ
Ȼ뵽峤ˣǰôʱעĸǲȥѰġ
ԣ緢֪ʲôʱˡ
Ҿ緢ڼңԷһõĶˣ϶ʶԼ뿪ġ
ң֮ǰи˵ȥҹѩ
ɲ֪ȫ֪ѩ٣׼ȥڤء
ҪΪȥҹѩˣҲڤ֮ˣǲͻ᲻ٹˣ
ڤϪЩգôû뿪ġߣѩȥʱ˳ԼֱԷסؿʲôŵһЩϢǲЩá
ڤϪƵʱ
Ϧ£ϼ졣
⾫׵ۣڤϪҲ·
΢ϮΧһжյ·ĽɫԶֻͻأ𣬾˳˯ɽּһЩǿǵֻᣬʱʱС
أ̫ȫʧԶֻһ˿Ȼ¹Ƭϡ
¹˳Ϊ˼ؽһס
ڤϪû֮ʶľɫͻȻ棬ҵѩһ˿ġ
ڤ֮صҹʺҹԡڤϪڴ˴һ졣
죬ֱȷҲزȥˡʱŻʰ飬뿪
ҹѾˣڤϪհ˯⣬硣
ڶһ磬ڤϪͱ̫Ĺ߸Ρ޷ֻҸĵؽ˯ȥ
ط˸õطֻҲ˯ˡ
峿΢΢⣬ڤϪú
죬ߵĴæҲûдʲôԵġ
ڣʱڣɽһЩҰӶˣҲɹֵɽѰһȪʡ
ɽˬףڤϪͶ˻
Ĵ߿˳ٲЩҰʲôģϾҪһ죬緹ûءӲֶҪЩ
ѸܳԵĹӶժĲʱ׼ɽˡ
ûɽʱԶԶؿһӰվڤ֮غֵĵط
߽һЩøˣЩϤ
ѵǣڤϪӿ˲
߽ʱԷ׼ȥ
ڤϪæ:ȵȡ
ԷתȻǹѩ
ڤϪﶼֿˡ
ôѩЩ֡
ҡڤ֮طˡ籮ըˡҵʱڽ籮ϣСľͳˡڽ籮ˣҲزȥˡڤϪѾˣҲزȥˡɴԼ˵Ĳҵѩ᲻ġ
𣿡ѩЩšţ뿪ʱ򣬽籮úõģôͻȻͱˡ
ġţ㿴ڤϪزȥ¶ģȻ¹ѩ֤
ڤϪ˺ü˿ڵ֣Ȼڹѩп˹ġ⡣
ٻһ˿ڣѪڵϡ
ʲôҲûзڤϪԭء
ʵڤϪ˵ֱ۵ʱ򣬹ѩЩˡΪȷûֹ
ѩţ˵ڤ֮صֻڤˡڤϪţ࣬ѪڵϺӦþͿֱӽڤ֮ˡѡڹ밵໥֮ʣҲüʵΪ·
ڣڤϪȥˣǶԷӦû˵ѡ
㿴мҹ鲻ãҲֻʶһˡҪҪһʱ䣿ڤϪ˵ҲǼٻıϡ
ǽ籮ʲôʱ޺ãѩҪȷһ¡
ѩôʣڤϪ֪ѩڿˡٽ:޲á籮ʷûмǸʲôҲֻ֪ǳڤ֮صý顣ԣֻˡ
ǡɣڤϪĶӽֿ:㣬ڻ֪ôأ
ѩΣֻô򿪱֮ǰͱɵݸڤϪ
ڤϪӹûԹʳڣͱ²ˡ
óԡڤϪ̾
ţȳԣȻҴɽѩˡ
˦ˡ
ָоҲ

 ţ(һ)

վʱѾˡ
ѩ˯ţţֻñȥ·һ⳵˳ѩ֮ǰסľƵꡣ
ӹѩİҳŴ򿪣ţͰѹѩ˴ϡ
úùѩְѱӸˡ
˿⣬ɫЩţֽˡ
ţǾԺ󶼲ϵѩġԼƭ˹ѩùѩΣ֮УѾûʸѩˡ
һԵĵ£ţóֻ͹ѩ¼Щԥˡ
ڿѩ˯һ̣ľͶ
򵥵ʺϹѩţôԼ
ţ಻ϲϵˣҲΪˡ
Ϊ֪ѩʲôʱѣţ಻¹ѩ߲ˡ
ŵʱţ룬òܳùѩڻ˯еʱ뿪ֲ뱻ѩ
ǵƵǰ̨ⶩ˹ѩԱߵһ䷿ϾͲ˯ˣʱעԱߵ
䶨úţ˳ȥֻӪҵһŵ绰ԭǸעˡ
Ȼ뿪ǾҪʧĳЩţ಻ϸԼ
صķǰţóղ뿪ʱװڿڴڹѩķƿţѩڳ˯УԱߵĲˮ̨ϣ뿪ˡ
صԼţЩꡣΪӴ˿ڳڹѩǰ
ܿͻָ˹
Ƶ귿ĸЧǳãϴĳˣȻҲڹѩĶ
ţֻʱʱ俴
ֻŵţȻ֪ѩ˵ʱˡңѺ̸˵绰Ҫ
һҹ¡
ҵʱ򣬹ѩͳˡ
ţһҹû˯Щ뵡
ѩţԭϰԵҪڹѩġ
ո߼˹
ԭĿľȷϹѩƽڹѩѾ˹ҿҲܺáڹѩҪȥɣûʲôϵ뿪ʱˡŵţȥǰ̨ˡ
ţĿ͹ѩӰʧȺУȻ෴ķȥ
ٴ̤Ϲ֮·ţЩ޴롣
һθͨ绰Ѿˣһյ׵ҲǰѾûлȥˡ
˵ңţൽ˺ɳ
ɳͺûʲôͬҲһ仯磬ҸһС԰
վڼſڣţһƽеļ֮š
ţҵʱûдԿףΪ˻ؼҵʱ˸š
صһڲ߶
һ۵ıһͷ
ϸһ˾ĸţ˪
ţеĸһͷƯĺڳԶõ̬ʾˡ
ǰɣȾ˪Ůĸţ಻š
ţ˪ڱϳǰŮ˭ֻǶؿţ࣬˵
ĸסţȽĸױʵ
ţЩΣһҾꡣȻΪ˸ҩҲʵڲһζؼҡ
Լһؼңû뿪ˡ
ô˵ļˣĸףôչ׿϶ɡ
ĸ׶׵⣬ΪҲѹֶԷ㲵ӡ
ţ˪ţĳƺ˹
ࡣ
ţݲָоֻôĸ̫ˡէȻòҵ϶ϲ
ĸףҡһˡţ߽ţȻţ˪һӵ
ţ˪ţŷĸ׵ͷ͹Щˡ
ţЩõԤС
ĸףǲǷʲô¶ˣô˵϶һ²ġϴͨ绰ʱôûи˵ţЩš
أţ಻֪Щ
ࡣҪţҪĸûʲô¶ЩʧߡԿ̫áţ˪ţҵӣҲʹǴοţࡣ
㸸ףҲáֻڲڼţ˪˵
ҽԺ𣿶ˣҰҩˡţǿװ򶨣ڴؿĸס
һ·ҲЩˡϴһٺú˯һҾʹȥ㸸סţ˪ЦŻش
ţſҪ˵ӣţ˪ֲһ:Ҳ㸸׿ƣӣΪ㵣İɡ
һ⻰ţͰˡ
ĸ˵ĶԣһΪġ
ˣȥɡţ໹Ųţ˪ִֻһ䡣
ţΣֻðţ˪Ļȥ
ҪҪԵ㶫ţţ˪һ䡣
ˣڳϵʱԹˡ
Сǿȥɣ
ϴţԼ˶ࡣ
ڴϣ֪̫ˣǻصҸ˰ģţ಻Ƭ̵ʱ˯С

 ţ()

һѾһˡ
ţ˪˵ģ˯Ѿʹȥףţ಻ҵʱ䣬ٶȴԼȻҵڳæĸס
ţ˪һţı飬֪ʲôæڴҪڵĻ:ȳԷ
ĸ׽˶׼ˣҲԲĸ׵һƬġ
ţȰԼġ
ţ˪˶˵ϣȥ꣬ʢ˷ţϺĸһ緹ζ
ⶼϲԵġ
Ե
ţĸһֱڸвˣԼһδæֹ:ˣĸҲԡ
ȻҲţ˪һӵĲˡ
áҲԡţ˪ǺܸĳȻЦţۿˮ
ţ״ҲҶʣĸ׵ĳ
ǽ˰һٷ
Ϻţŷĸ׵ķ̫СˡϾ󲿷ֵʳﶼĶĸ״ֻ˸ζ
ţʲôû˵õףһҪ¶˵˵ĸס
߰ɡţ˪ˡ
ţŸĸ׵š
·ʱţ˪ͣ½Ų
ȥ㸸һǰɡϲľˡ
šţͷ
ۿǶ·ҽԺţ˪ûͣ¡
ţٶ
ȻĹ԰ͣ˽Ų
ô᣿ʲôʱ飿ţ಻š
ĸףţ
࣬Ҫ֪㸸ϣľҸֵȥ
ûҵôҸȥţûعڵϡ
࣬ԵġҺ㸸׶㡣ȿȡţ˪ͻȻһҵؿԡ
ĸףôˣţ˵ĸߡ
ѪѪţཫţ˪̯һ̯ɫѪ
ĸףҡţ˲
¡ţ˪һ
࣬ԵġǶߡ
˵ʲôţ಻ȥæţ˪Ļ
Ҳ̫ˡ࣬˵˵꣬𣿡
ĸ״ȰؿԼţ಻ò侲
࣬㸸ºˡ֪ʣʲôȥҩ𣿡
İǸʱѧУЩ顣İδôʱ䡣ôʱ㶼ûиס
ôأ뵽ȥĥ㣬ܶˣͲˡԭҲֻȥһʱ䣬ܿû뵽ܼôã󻹳ɹȥڤ֮أõҩݡ
˵ţ˪˶٣:ˣࡣ
Ҳˣ㸸׵Ļûҡ֪ˣҲ̫áСҡţ˪Щ⡣
㣬ѵҾͲȻôͷȥĥЩ̣֪ȷʵкôġǸʱʺϴѧУ
뿪ҲȷʵѹҲǶʱõθΪĸףҲΪ¡ҲĸףΪһҵġԣһֱ
Щֻǰ㸸ġЩڿĻźģּдġ
ﻹһ⣬㸸׵顣ȻҲԸһž뿪ģҲ˵ˣҵİ㸸١ҲصҵʱԵľǱķأҲδܼһź֮УҲʧȥϣ׿ڸ㣬Ƕ㡣
𣿡ţ˪һ䡣
Ҳףʲôסţţ˪Ͳ뿪
ࡣţ˪Ρ
ҲǲһҲġֻһθڡ˵ʵҺʱˡΪҪӲŵĻҲֻһµʱ䡣Һܸģٿ㣬Է˵ʵҲһٴľõ
ǣҵĳŲסˡҲ뿴ʹɡţ
𣿡ţᣬʵ
ʹװʹࡣ
ң࣬Ҳ᲻㸸׵̫ˡٴμ㣬Ҿ֪Ϊ㸸׵ϣΪˡкõδ
࣬ȥԺ˵˵ЩҶҼ㸸ףſԸЩȱʧʱôȹġ
á
죬ţһֱţ˪ĵ˺

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ţ˵;ȤȤ£Ҳ˵üζŴӼţ
ȻţིĶΪ˵ĸ顣
˵֪һ˵һ
ţŷ˵ĹҲ˺ܶܺõˣֻԼĽط˵ĹӶ
Ҳ˹ѩڤһк󣬲Ŷϧ͸
ţԺлᣬȥЩˡ
ĵ˹ѩţࡣ
ţ˪֪йѩŮţ˵ǲһġ
ţֽ͹ѩյؽڤ֮صġ
ô𣿿ϧҲۼһţ˪Ҳе档
Ȼڤ˵ڤ֮ص顣һ֣ûţΪûֻģ˼ʵ
Ҽ̡
Ҳֻһ棬ҵļУ㸸׳ú񡣡ţ˪ڤĻ档
šĵһۣҾ֪Է˭
𣿡
ܺá
˵ҶԲΪң㸸ײŷȥŲܳϥ¡ţ˪λЩǸεģǲ˵ڤ޵ġ
ڤ޾ҪȥҲֻ˵ԵǲȻڤ޵ѡҲûʧ
ûֹ㡣һǸģôԹҲٲͷ;Ҷ˹ҲáŶҶڤҶǸǰõ顣˵ײڵЩ꣬Ҷǰĸһȥչ˵ġԸҶΪ̫ģÿҶһˮûϣͰˡҶҲʱʱȥ
á㸸лҶ𣿡
ȻҶҲܺãڤ֮أҲҺܶࡣҺ͹ѩ뿪͵ǡ
У֮ǰ̻˸Ůڤ̡ʮ꣬һЩ顣ϧʹҵ󣬾
ܺðţͲô¶ˡ
ҲúܺáǾðԼνһʮСЩ顣ʮ갡ߵҲӡţľЩ顣
ѾˣͲı䡣㻹绻򿴣ССͣ϶Ҫ۰ġ㲻ߣôǸŮΨһŮԿԸ̰ܵٷ֮ٵĳ谮ǸŮ˵Ҳһ¶
ţ֪ˡ
΢΢ʱţˡ
˵̫ˣţ˪ţ̫ˣ˯µġ
һ˯ġ
ĸףţĸײߣʹæӷ
ţ˪׼͡

ĸףЪŰɣЩţţ˪ʳġ
ðɡһûԹ׼ķءţ˪Щġ
õȼڤޣһҫ¶ˡ
ĸףţΪţ˪һˡ
Դ֪ĸ׵ʱȥţڶԷǰһֱֵĽš
ٹڽţţ˪ȥˡ
ţŰܵˮ˳
޹֮ţ
ĸ׳ŵѾܲˣΪ˶ԷĿģڴ޹ҪЦδ
ţ˪ȥһڣţûгһ
һĺѹΪû˸׺ٴûĸס
һ棬ԼδãȻȻӦҪҸҸ
ţȫ벻ͨ
ȥߣȥˡ
ţĵȻǹѩԣţĵһվMС
ȥMУȻһ֮ˡ
ڤϪôţĺܺ档
ԷڹѩĻæǰæһֱû뿪ѩţ˶Էͼ
ڤϪΪѩͦһ̣ţ֪Է˵Թѩġ
ѩôһţţҲࡣ
ţ֪ѩѡԭԼȥеǵ
ţ룬ͨˣһټġ
ڣҪʼȥеһվˡ

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