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1״Ԫ1

ӣզϴģⶥõ˿Ӷϴù˿
ɶ㻹ҪǮҲǮͲˡ
ź˽ͯķҲҪ⣬ϳɣԺҲ㽬ϴ첹ˡ
֥һǰܵĴ߳ӭĺ紵˸£Ÿ첲ݵĿǽϡ
ô죿ҪòǮĸҪģ๫ҲҪȥԣҪǮ
ͼ޽ĸ䲻๫ҲԶϴ첹СҲãĸ๫Ƕϲ 
ֵֵĺཫһֱϣҸ֣ӹ㣬һҲʧ
ԽԽѹ֥ǽС̫ûˡ
ͻȻһֻȵƸͷ΢̧ͷһ๫ڣ뵵˫˻ҡ
Ȼ๫ޣ๫ǼģһˣӲϲ
Ҫͣ๫ҡ
ˣؼҰɡڴĽͣ
黹ŮӾ̵Ľϣ䲻䣬滨꣬۵ģˮһĴ۾㶵Ŀǰͦεӣ۵ȫǲ죬๫Ȼû
ڼܵǰߣ쳣Ĵɵͣ²ӵͷȥֻŵֺֻ״ֲڣ˶ָͷҲ˺üӣܻиɿ˵Ѫ
һһ˫˺۵ģ뵽֥ҵĽ֣ԭ̫ͬʱָϧɵ
ǵģˣֻߣľԭҪ
ԭͬͬգҲнڣǸ񲻿۵С
ԭɥĸγ󣬴Сƶԭʴӱǲƽӹӣгһܷɻڴͷء
ºԭ;Ҫ߿ƾ֮·ɼһƶϴ±ά֣Ǯ飿
ԭûзΪȥӽĶŮ֥õ֥İĽ˳ףԭڴ顣
Ϊ˹ŮҲ㾡ѧĽ̵ԭϣԭճͷأŮϺӡֻۣԭǱϿǰơ
ԭҰģԼǳһջΪˣ֥ãֻȳͷһƲ֥Ȣ߹ŮΪޡ
֥֪ԭļƻһһİÿղ˽ϴ첹ʡԼù顣
ԭ֥ึս֥Ϊչˤʹĸ۹С֮иñҩ޷С
ֵһǣԭȻȷʵ츳һ㣬һ·Ժԡԡԣڵʱλһ׵ڶ˰۵Ĺ
ԭоһ֥꣬ԼΪɣ˺룬Ÿ뿪˼磬š
ԭаһŶʮ꣬˵ſ緢ıʵУ˹һʱ
ֻԭȻԸˣֲãıȥ͹ְնɱڲпڡ
Ʈڰգһݵòĸ˳ʬᣬǰʹߣ˲Ǳˣŵķ֥
ԭ֪ԭ֥ͷñҩҲ֪Ҫ֥ԭûнһ˵Ϊάԭ롣
֥뿪󲻾ȾȥˣһƯ磬Ծͷܾĥѡ
֥һͷĹϣݵһ
ԭ𺳣ʬɵ
ʱԭҲ֪˰ıĲǱˣмӵĹ뵱ʱ̽ӳ⣬˺ı
ԭʹ޹ӳļӺ˺һİŮӣԸΪۣΪ֥ȡһµ
񣺸ԭ֥һҸ
ϵͳ·󣬽ڳ֥ȥĨ֡
֥æ־ܾ๫ˣľõĨˣ
๫Ͽ̲û룬ô˷Ǯȥ޹ؽҪࡣ
ڲķԣֱһ֬۵꣬ٳʱѾһ֥࣬Уϰ˵ЪϢǰĨá
֥оסˡ
ǳ๫һθϡְ࣬Ǯ⣬ܳĸо
ҪˣؼҰɡڼŲȥյĹŴֻգ̧ǰˡ
֥СĽսĿڴȹڸȥ
Ȼ˽ſڣڴóͭŵ֥С
֥ȣ๫ô֪ûûǮ
һ£Ǯ²õģ뷨ӡ
ܵľٶ֥ߺǵҲ̤ʵͷԺӡ
ԭĸ׽ѾԺ￴أ˻ӭǰӣһˣ
ڽӡڵ
ϰ֥ȥȥôãûƼ춼𣿲֪Щ
֥æڸͭ彻ĸ
Ǯͭ壬Ƥʡ
֥һԵ๫һۣС˵ϴúãǮ
˵꣬ͷҿˣǵһĸ๫ǰ˵ѣƤúǲ˵ĸʲôʱⲻһٺ
ڽ龡۵ףɰ΢΢
⻹࣬ȥϽͭеô
֥Ӧǣתȥ˳
̧Ÿȥȥӡ
ӣȥԶҳǲĵضסӣݣ¸˵
Ҳ֪ŴŮ˼أ׸ı䲻ˣֻͼ֮˰֥ͷŽϽݡ
˵ӳԼȥ㣿
ǰ˵ӳǰµſеţҲȥݰݡһϣʱСźⰡ
šü
ӳǱˣ빫һıԭˡ
ԭУ;вˤȣ֥Ҳڲ֪еҹչ˽۹Сˣԭòչĸף׼ԺЩʧ
и룬ѵˤȲ⣿
һȥڳϵ
ҡͷú飬ӳһȥͳɡ
ʦ˵Ҫݽϣڹѧʶ̫ӲãҾ͵ȥɷ顣
һԶӵѧҵãɶҲû˵ʹӦˡ
ԹѾ͸ˣֻϢ
ϴûصӣʣأ
֥ӿڴó
ڴ򿪺ӣͿĨϡ
ûһţˣ£˵Ĵͻö࣬ĨģůĴ±¶ȣ֥Ҳ
ͻȻǻص˸ճʱ罺ᣬ۶Υĸоϣʱһ㣬ܹӵһ۵ʱ̡
ʵ̫̫ãûĶԴˡ
һһΪͿĨ࣬һʥĹ
ǻɣйɵĻ㣬żˣͿĨ֥֣Լﶼһɻ㣬ǶЩζ
պã￴ڽϣ
ڻûжǮһ࣬⽭Ϊֻ֥ò಻ý֪
ʱ̺ܿЩʧ䣬ͷźߵǰ򿪽ŵײ㡣
һյȷʵˣ˸ǷһһߵЪϢɡ
֥߻شߣҲɵ˴ϡ
յıЩʱů֥ڱϵĻζ˿˿ġ


2״Ԫ2

緹󣬽һʰдĶһ߶֥:ٽӷ첹ϴĻƣһ뷨ӻ
ԭߣʱ֥Ӧǻģٹۡ
ԭ֥ĺС˶ǰˣҲʱ򳹵׷ϱ֥̬ȶӵ˼㡣
ǺҪǽҵһת۵㣬Ҳԭ鷢ıܳ¡
ڻǾҪڷ֥֮ǰ͸ıһԭãΪ˺ӲŶãΪӶһŮ˺òĶǸŮ˺ãҲ 
֥ӦǣȽ뿪׼ʰջµȥӱϴͷһѣΣæǲסûˤ
°ѵʲôڵĴģ
ҪҼү˿ǰʡ
겻Ǳˣǽڣ뿪Һûһȥӣسǣÿ׸Աҵš
ǵģλС磬鷳ͨһ˵ӴĽһүҴҪĶ
ڵֵģةػ˲࣬ԭ鲻þ͵֮ͯ٣֮ԼүԶ˸⾴أתȥͨˡ
һ˽ȥһԺȥ߱ߵҼүڼңҼүϲó˵Ҫү졣
лС㡣ջܵߣ˵л
ҹȻ󣬵̨ͤ¥󣬻кüԺ䣬ֵĻҲϡƷ
ڸģҾֻү˳ʮضδУүרģһֱ檣ԭΪˣԵɺ֮£үøָ㣬˵ǰسؾкӣүŰɵˣĻˣʮºһӣү˼ˡ
칫ӵĳɳڿĿಡ֣ǳˣΪִϻۣᰮд֣Ҿ־˸ԱĹְԱǰȴǲģүԶӸϣӿ̤;һͥ
칫Ҳͼǿ׿һٱ㿼Ժ͸ԣֻȿԺԾõŵĹ
ֻвƣ칫ȥԺԵ;в䣬ˤȳ˲зϣʹ˶·
ȵүҲԸţҲѻҲԸףүҶ𣬳ͷ
ʵүĵǲûԭУүڲúͻү׷ͺڷˣүʹʧӲúҲˣļҲ֮֡
뵽⣬΢ϮҲ˲ǱˣҵԶӳ
ΪˤȵôϤѵϺүˤȵʲô
롣˽ڴԼүԺ⣬ȥ
ڽԺӣһʮͷԺϣĴŵѾ촽ԲԸݣԶվˣɪţһⲻǰ
ǲӡ
ǰ˸񣬡ү
ǴӴǸͯүüĿ㣬ֻ񰵵޹⣬һ֮ĸоǲ˵һҲɳƵģ̫Щ
ڻأүҽнڣҿԺ͸ԣδй
Ļ˵úǫ飬ɫ΢ʵ˵ҪĶʲô
ү뿴ڴȡһдֵֽ˹ȥ
ͲֽӹָýӲðŽֽ̯ƽˣԭɨһۣһֹסˣһֽҲһ˿⣬˭дģ
дġڽһд⼸ֽ
¶ȵдģдãǰЩҹ±١
лүޡɫƽû˶¶֮ɫ
ֶһֺøУֽ꣬δʣηչǸôˣ
ǸүҲǰ͸¶ү뿴дһЩүڵ
ǰϲдֶ֣ЩϡŹֵĻӸȤȣմҲĻӣȴЩºȤˡ
дʮˣѵõĹ¡
Ȼ뿴뿴վдҿУ
ǲУҪ׼μԺԣƶϿ̲δܴ룬ҳϰѧҵ⻹ȥǮյʱ䶼ˡڱΪǮң˿ûڣʵ
Ǹˣ˽ڵ⣬ǰ꣬ϾɣɫҲƣȻвԣֱͦ䣬˵ı΢Ͱ
ڵĻ˵ֱףΣ͸̹Щһһ׵α֮ǿࡣ
һдĻӸȤԶ֮ģ򿴽ڸ˳ۣ±дҸǮͲȥ飬ǮҲˣȫ˶ֳȥȡЩǮ
˸Ͻȡһӳ
ͽӵݸڣЩӾ㸶ֽīǮ
ڲδףӹǶʮİһҾлүϾͻȥдʱ͹
áûһڴˣ
ڼɫ΢ģһڴͲѰͷˡ
ǼֽǱһ־С˵Ŀƪ
ԭһС˵ߣȡһĳɾͣ˼ȥĿǰǮĻдҹŴҲбΪҰʷ鼮ڵС˵ʽ
֮ΪҼҾԣͰⷽ棬±ȽףȻеԭ򣬾֪ͺͽϳǷӳйأ
Ҫݡߺͳ˵
˴ϲæܹȥ̧ݡ
үһݾʶӵүΣ
үүԭԺﲻϽݣСôȰãү˻𣬲ӴλͯҹүүԸˣĽ緹ܼһص
үϲսͯǴӴλͯ

ү·𿴵ϣֵ̫ˣҶڿƴԼˡλͯү˵ʲô
ūŲ֪ͯүдֵֽүýͯȥд˽ͯʮ
үȫȻʮӵ£ֻ֪ǽԼҶӷ˸ı䣬Խڸмˣ˵ͯջ
ǵү
үʣӼҾΣ
ͦƶģֻһĸϱŵĹŮ׺ü궼ûһŮżҲƶܼҰ֪˵
үб˼ƽϡ

3״Ԫ3

ڻʮӻ˴ӣȥӡ
ӾͿҡǰҾŴ֮ķѾ޴ľ˥ˣļӵķӻƾټʱֹ±ġ
ǰ֥δʱŮסһӣʣӿң֥޺ǼҲţ˲ֳ飬˰鷿״̬
ֻŹһѧֻҪӦͯͶ벻ѧˣźֱȥ顣
˵ԭӦڼҲˣڼбУ֥ӸоΪӣʱ֥ǰסǼޡ
Ҫʲôԭϣһֱסҡ
ڲˣҪϰ鼮ؼȥԺ׼ڼ飬˳дҲܰżеŮˣҪҪס֥еĺӡ
ڣҽչʦոջʦڡɵվɶϤİýһ
ӳȻҲ
ѹ²ԭ̧Ϣӣʦ⹫ӡ
ǲǼ£ǵʡ
ŮǺ׼ʱȴ˰գǲǹŮʲô£
ڹصʦ£ȥسǵʱ䡣
ָӳʦֽչˣǿԶཻ״οԺԣһЩҪעĵطʦ㡣
ӳ겻ʮ꣬ѾǸˣʵʮʱѾˣʱʮ๫ةء꿤Ǹǰδеģӳһ꣬Ƿ⼫ˡ
ֻǲ֪ӳ̫ţӦСʱ˴δؼǾ仰ӳξ˶ˣȥӳǸţģҿͱˣҲԽԽ٣رԭͯͷǽʣķҲûˣЩӳڱ˵һֻܵøŵĹ
ӳЩۣһߵĴ˺òҲ˿ʦصǸģԵܺá
ԭһѧԭҪһʦ֡
ʦģһʦܵġӳӦ£ָϷŵУҸʦ˸Ҳ˳һУƷիһ֣ڸмãûȥ
ôѵóƷիĸģڱػж£ǲʩһЩʳڣϾĵ·ߵèҲᶪͷģܵǱʩèҡβмĿ-Լ˵ĺ
ڿӳ
ӳܳڣһ˫һԣҵݹϵҲշҾʮֿԣŴҲվڼªۡ
ڷԼдиһȵư΢˼䣬ȡһݸ
ӹһһױīʵϳˣ۸Բ͡
ףⲻǺʤľ̵ıīϴȥƼˣҪһסӳȵ
˵ҪһףֶЩӣǣ
ŮұѼһƶŮһĹԸʱիĻƣпŽϺ͹Ůϴ첹˶ǮģܶʱóõÑǡ
ͻȻóӲõİī𾪣
ҸոЩǮ·ḷ̌뵽ʦıʶͺˣīҲʣ²࣬͸ʦһסڵ
ѧʦһ͵Ǹ㣬һ͵ǼҪıī˭Тߵ͡
ӳɫǲãȥ˷ͷͬʱҲ֪ھʲô׬ӣȻøôıī
ǲ֪ƶǰιͿҪīЩڸ֮ĸТ˳ֻԼʦصĺˡ
ֻû뵽ξȻýƻļƻܷԾɱºŵЦ˳˽ڼ䡣
˵Ҫȥϰ¶ȡ
ڵͷǵģ
ˡ
һֱǺʦлѧŮеУҲ̤ʵ
õ˶УڿϽʾں͹Ů鲻Ůڽûܴί
ãȥҲҪивʱңӳʦֱ֡ҡ
ǰֻӳһ˴δӳʲôԣοҲӳǸĺѧΪӪһʦصĺεһԱȣͻȻԼТ˳ѧҲδТ˳
Լʦ׵ˣҲİԼʦܣԽڱżϣýȥðա
ǣ
ӳ˽٣ͷˣӳɲôʣ֥ΨһѪףӳٽӽҲϣӳӪ
ߺ˿и㣬þδƽ
ڣҪؼ𣿡
߳ӣһ뿪ӳûߣڵǰǵġ
ؼҲã󺮶ȥֶˡˣԺаգӳһеʡ
ڿһ۴𣺡ʮþȡ
ӳϵĹ΢˿ѺָۣܿǾͺãҪʲôĵطңһ֪޲ԡ
л⹫ӡڹһҾ
ӳȴ͸룬ﲻþʾ˽ڲӦöмӣȫ
Լȥ㣬ʱҲȥҪҪһȥ
ڴ𣺡ȥġ
ӳЦǺãʱҼҵȥȥǡ
ǾͶлˡ΢Ӧ
ӳԶȥ걳ӰǸһ˿ЦͯҲǷù˰ɣ
Ӵ˼ӣʱٸ˶ںӰϴ֥ҲС
ϱӾҪȥ˰ɣһ긾һϴһߺԱߵ֥˵
պˮ̹ǣ¹ˮҲж䣬ٶϴ
֥ӣǵģ˴Ҫȥˡ
ҪţɾˡסڽҸڣ˹ϵϲ֥ͻݵĹҲʡģϣܿš
֥ҪһһḾĿˣôеģ
ũ˴󲿷˶ʵҲСְԴ׵ģḾ˾Сеһ
ḾǸںɽ¼޹ģ޸ӴһֵСӣּҼҾҪԣǺɽ峤õĹ⡣
˭֪֥֪֥ÿˣ˺㴦֥˳ۣ֥Ƚϣӿ֥Ͳʹˡ
֥ϴĶһ٣ššüвϲϣЦ
Ҳϲ糳ˣҲû𻰡
ϼǲʢˣһ˵๫ţզǸĸ๫ϲˡ
һϽõĸҲǣ棬һżҴŮţǵûӲ
ׯ˼ңĻ˱Ͳ࣬ܵùľ͸ˣ֥ŹҲǶ˵ĸ֮٣ƾ㣬֥ͱ˼ҳҪöࡣ
֥һ꣬ҴǾǲҲҵ֥˵Ựǽ֥ĴԽԽ⣬Ҳûʲô˼ˣǱȲ֥ˣһ֥Щ
ɩӣֻ̥ǰɣϿ֥һۣʰ֥ĸˡ
ϱϵָָӣǰǰ̥ǸСӣ˵һ̥ʮа˾ҲСӣҼǿʵҪѾͷġ
СӻѾͷܱЩɶҲҪöˡϷ̵
ϸˣϵĶһ۵˵ҲкϢˣ
£ɩӿɱһЦ
б˲ҪȴСӶ԰ȥˡ
һֱ֥ʹϺϵĻڴӣϴõŽľһһ߳ӵϴˣȻȥˡ
ӵͷʾߡ
֥Ҫ̧ϺϿˡ
ЩˣȴûǺҲʵǿ
ͯҪţһҪһ²ϱ𣿡
Ͳ˵ˣҿֻнͯһӡ
֥ľ¶˰ףҲ񱻶סһһҲˣѿ޵ݡ
ӡȴʱһʵ
̧֥ͷȥͦεѵǰľҲһֻȵĴסůִͷɢĵĺ⡣
ס֣ϧڼϢľסôⲻǳ𣿡
ңֶˣҸ࣬ؼҰĨ֡
ӣˡ
һֶľ裬һ֥ӵ˱ȥ
Ӧ˽һСԶȥӰ̾Ǹϱĺ๫
Ϻһţôܣ֥ôô๫۰ڻ֥࣬ɹˣҪʮһУǵķҶ᲻ãھȻã
˵ˣôӣ


4״Ԫ4

ڡӣôӣϼ׻ӣ˵
ڵ˱ˮߺȱߴ𣺡ġ
ϸˣ㡢ģ
ƽһ飬˳Էéⶼ飬鶼ûͻȻôӣ
Ҹүд˸ӣźϲЩһӵġ
үԱǸȵүҵֵúܴ󣬽Ҳš
ڵͷʱ䲻ˣ±ߣȲ˵ˣһҪȥдЩʱҪү͹ȥ
ȥȥɡϳӰڰ֣ҲֺǵĽԸӡ
֥ˮݣǰд֣ЦЦᲽȥ๫ȵˮϢһдɡ
Ѿдʮֽ첲ȷʵЩᣬӹ֥ˮ˰룬ϣ뵽ʲôȡһӵݸ֥
֥ɻӹһӣ˵
ҽʵ׬ʮӣ˶һױīʣµĸŻ֪͵˽
ڵĽ˵һ׵ıīȻ󣬵һҲۣ㾡ѧ̵ԭֳңɽһױīܻرɽһǡ
ԺпԣˣТ˳׵Т˳
๫ȻûӸī͵͵˽Ǯΰɣ
֥־ϲۿ৵һºˡ
ڼȻһҪ޵ӣֵɵϣɶ
ûޣҡǸˣ๫׬ӡ֥ЦŽ͡
òüã๫󣬴СȾЩЩҪڵö֮࣬⺬Цģ۰΢סֵǰܿˣԺ󲻻ˡ
࣬һҲࡣֱ֥ҡͷܼ޸Ҹ£ӿʲôֻҪ๫͹ˡ
ƣ๫˽¸Ǯ˼ҿɲôõ£ǮĸУҪһĲһĵģ๫˽¸ӡ
֥ﷺ˿˿⡣
ˣҼүѾȺʱˡҵ˼ˣЦžͽ˸
Ըܵ˶̬ȵת䣬ƽصĸ͵ԺӣξֱһůС
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ةأҲֻյˣɼҵĸ
ڣڿ޺ϣмĲ輸ϻڵĲˮ֣͸һ˿С
ǰȽĺһӽյˮɢһĺ
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Ƶڿ£ڵڵдַıʡ
ͻȻһ⣬ͳ״ͷ
ֿһ̫ͣÿˣҲһ꣬ڣд̫ˣҿÿĻ
öȻƷġ
ڹһҾлүޣϲҵҡ
дɣʵ򼫺ķѾʱ䣬ܵõߵϿɺϲ˵¡
ϲҿٻҰʷûдúáѵõĸЦ⡣
һԵ˾ȲѣүˤȺҲûЦˣ쾹ȻЦˣǴһ׮ԭսս˲Ծķ
ȡڣš
ֽīǮүѾˡڿʮûнӡ
ʮѾˣͨ˼һĻⱾС˵Сƪǰʮ㹻£伱ҪǮҲܸһ̰ӡ󡣱ʮӣҪõ͵Σܾ͵
ʮֽīǮʮҿµǮ
ʹС֣ӲǮûʮӾܿôʵĹ£ռˡ
һЩ½Ϊд׬Ǯķѧҵ˫ȲܿƾһźĽЩܿƿѧӣϣ;֮·ȥ
óԵ˲̰֮ͬˣٲûȥüĸӹÿԣЩҲ˺֮ǣ㷽иʱд
֪빼һƬģӡ
̶սӵʱ󣬽ˣֻǸճ͵ԺӾͱܼ뵽˿
ڼԱ⡣
ҵԱְǾģֻǸҲǸٶδԺԣδŹй֮
ԱȴδǰסЦǺǵͯ𣬲ض񡣡
Ȳ裬Աֱ⣬ŽͯСд˻ƣ
ǣǴʱˣѵүۡǫ
Աֱ֣⡮ǰϷæˣ˵Ҽǰˤȣ˺ʲôȤŷԸӣϷһ㷨ҲûˡԴӿ˹ӴĻӺʼ˱仯ˣϰϧԸˣӣҶ
ԱˣҲԱ⣬ҸӴʵΪ׬ЩǮãƶķǮνڲų²ߣԱĪҪǡ̹ϵ
Ա̾ͯ¹䣬ϷӰȡ֮еȸõ꣬쾭֮£Ϸкɹ𣿡תͷһԺŵĹܼһۡ
ܼһ⣬ͳһƱݸԱ⡣
ԱӹŵǰӰϷĴæϷı꣬¡
ڿȥֵһƱ΢ɫȴδģҾүѾ˽ڻӵǮƱڲգ칫Ǹȡ裬ڰԱʲôæڲԱĳɫˣڸǡ
ȥֱͦӰԱźֱͷȫ֮ɫ׵壬ֲʧȣ꽫дǰ;
δͳƱһۣһƱʵԽʯ֪ǲһǮۿ֮ˣǣ˺󲻻ӽӣһ޹֮ˣѱʲôĿģò
ʵ֤ڲǡ
ùܼƱӵԺӶȥ
ůԱ޺ϿԱߵ¯ð̣ӰʵУʱ䶯飬۽Ҳ¶ҫ۵Ĺã
Աⶼǲûг飬Щޡ
̫ˡͿ֮̾俴վſڣۿ΢㶣¶Цˣ
úáԱĨĨ۾첽˹ȥ˶Ӷλϣװ֪ʵͰڿʲôأ
͵ǴӴһнڵͯдĻ
ŶӴսͯĪŵŮǸͯԱⰵԻϲӾȻԸ˵ô໰Ӷ˵㻰˹ʡ
͵ͷ
дĻܺÿԱһ档
ÿÿǰЩÿԸͻ¶ˣ룬ǣģղأ˵üɫ裬˹һ
ʻĶӣԱˣſ⣬Цǲǿұȼ磿
й֮޲͸ƫĽڡ
Ա˵һ飬Ȼͯд˺ãҾƶǰŽ⻰ӡˢŵիȥЩǮˡ
Ǹ֪ͼˣλָ˶ӣؽǸڸǸһۣ꣬ǵ۱ʮ˵Ǩǣ˾ĵۡ
öӻָյͻҲҵĶˣвر֮
ϸǮڲգͰаһѡ
̫ˡͬ
ϲдĻҲϲڣӹɣֻǽͬ¹䣬ԭǰʮӺԺҲˣⷨÿһŵ
Űڳ֮£ǰδеǢ


5״Ԫ5

ӣһˡ̤ҹɫԺӣĳﺰ
ڵ磬ҵ˲ʱ䣬ʱѾ͸ˣ΢Ĺ£ɼӰɿ˳
ӣˣҺϱ׼ȥѰˡϼе
֥һԴǻǰ๫ȥã
Ǹ˼ңϱĽڵǳڼҼòС
칫ĵͶԵ˵ʱ䣬ӣݰɣġ
һڻݣóһûӵϣɢĺڰ
Ϻ֥¶ϲֵϲòС
Ժ˾͵ϣҲů͡ڽһó֥ϿõģܶЩʱ俴дȡһݵĸϣĨá
֥࣬ǸͿԹˡ
ǡࣿϿеľϲӣ㡢㡭
ĸӾɫڽҵõóүϲдĻӣҼӣʣµģš
һ࣬һӣϲ˵챣ӣˡ
๫ʹ޵İɣñҲϣôԶɱˡ
֥䣬ü۶ϲɫ
ʱĸոһȥ㣬ǵһĸųţеϲɫ޷Ƶð
Ǯ๫̬Ȼص˴ǰĸҲˣӳͷϣ
һϵӱյõģĶů
ǰִʷ̧ͷȥǵǹĺӣƽն˼֣ɵҲôôණȥȥͻˡ
ʱ򣬽֥һȥ뷴ԣ֥ڻУȥ̫ΣˣҲǸᣬû
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д˼ͻȻ뵽ʲôֿɻۣ
֥ҡͷˡ
ǼõĶֻһؾֹ˶ʹҲôֲˣֻѿĿûôϣˮʱǻʹ๫๫Ҫ飬ҪдˣΪС¹ġ
ȻϴٰĨ˵дˡ
Ů˵ǵڶñãޣԺӺЩˣٹһˣͲͽˮˡ
֥ЦӦ£ϲá
ոù緹Ժʹӳĺӣڣˡ
˵Ҫӵº󣬶Ǹмӳһ߳ȥţ̫ˣˣ˼
ӣҺͽͬţʦܣʦֵչʦܲӦõӣů͡ӳ˵žͷŽأ
ϱҲһȥƻöϲ˼˼ҵȣﺰϱûУ
洫֥ˡ
һϴүĽںŸ֥ͳˡ
ӳûϵ֥Ҳȥһ˿ӵʦҲȥ֪͸ϼˡ
⻰ﻰҫ֥·˵㵱ҪѡңŴСѡźţƫƫҪ޸⵰
ҾͲȥˡ֥ӳһ۵
ʦǲϲģ˵Ҿãã๫ҲգһкóԵĺĶȴʮ檡
ҾƶҲʶֶ־Ϊ޲檣ֻӳʦ֣Ů֮飬ʱֱӾܾӳ
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ӣڣ⣬棬ӳָǮ϶λõ˵ָųβĵλö֥˵ʦãǣ÷ŶԼǮߡ
϶ӳİʮ⣬㵽Ǹϸĵġ
ɨ˾λһۣȴЦ鵱ӳҪԭȴ˽ϡ
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֥һãȻûܰ๫˵̨ܲǺϵסװҪ¡
ӳȻʦӲʾȥҲȥˡ
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ӳǲԸƻʹգǽִ˳Ҳֵܱ̫ɣֻȥˡ
ӳ˵㣬ǵʦɶǰУǮϲıԹ
ڿɱԼҶӲһأⶼʮ˲ͯλһܿţЩûĻͯӿʮŹȽǿ
ӳƻǲãĸ׵ıԹƢˣҵĵܡ
һТ˳º͵ĶӳǮϺģһŲƨ˶ںͽλϣҲ˭㣿Щ㲻ɣǵ˵ʲôҪо˲ųףһȥˣ㶼ûУȥù˭Ը޸㣿
ö˶˵ӳͷϣûעĸΣյĵط󣬻Ҳд㣬㿼ȥһףҪйģһŮôϣ
ĸʲôЩף֮ģҪƽҪӪܸԼĺĸ˵ʲôػμƻʧܣûýڳ£ǷƲĻ̵סĻ
ҪǽͨԺԣͻΪţķͷûо֮ǰةؾܳڶţٴȥ
ǮҪػͻȻһһȥһ֧Ҳûеĵ
ͨһͣˣӳҲѹûĸ׵ӰһĿɫɷס


6״Ԫ6

๫û£ÿġ
ҵ󣬽ڴ֥ȥ֥Ըȥ±˲ɷڶĹػͽţҪӸƲ
˵ڼЩӣ๫ҪϿҲùʳҪӵĵط̫ˣܰӻϡ
һ֣Ҫɫܲá
㿴Ϳϰ
ʵҲ֥ÿ򣬿Ǽô֣Ҳ÷˶ӵ档
ǸĵµĸˣڼҴӸ޴ӷ򣬷ӣҶСͼѾϰӵġ
֥겻ĸɷֻøǽҽݡ
λСӣҸٵϴͰ
֥鲻Ը֣Դţ˲ҲץҩʱϺȡ
վ֥࣬¶ǣϳۣҲ֪ʲô
ϴ򿴵ڵɫ޽Ǹϱĺ๫˺Ҳһġ
ڵϣҽݻϵȲ裬Թɢ˲٣Ҫǲ֥ɶëǷЩǮҲҪѲκˣЩӣϽҾôһ磬ɲܶ˺
ʱϴЦǺǳڹֵأϲλɾûֻǻС
˵ɶڻδһƵĹ˹ץϴʡ
ϴģ֪ǵһӣҲûӵϱУѾˡ
УϾϲѣۿһ죬ˣӴڱӣӣкˡ
ЦȰĸףǺ£ˣ
Ǹˣ˰һ߲һЦ
꣬ԭˣϱȴˣܲ˲Ҫͷţ¸Ӷˣǵúúÿһ
ЦЦڵ֥ļϡ
֥ܵͷȣ㶵תͷһſӡлˣ
Ӵĺӵϣϴĸˣϴһ룬ҿ˿Ż£ĿڴȡһӺŴҵķӦ
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ǵɩӣƷիӣССһоҪʮǮŹҳ졣ҫ
˿ĭôĶ๫Ҳø򣿡
ˣ̥ˣҲûˬڵĳʳ붼þ
ѽϹң˵ܣͰȥسţҲʱͺһ
һĸǶ˵żӣ˵Ů̥һܵøСӣʱǻᱻ졣
ûӣԽԽԽᣬͬŮˣզͲôࣿ
ʵڿҫľûϴ껹뿪ֻĬĬţˡ
ӣЩǰʱڷ֥ˡ
ЦŴкӣ֥ǲȥզôͻˣ
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ӽʣ֥զ
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ͬϲͬϲϸ˵Ļ˻ŵĶⶼǸҶϱĲƷͰ̥ҩЬ࣬˲ء
ֱͷӦõӦõģ˫ӵˣ˿һѱɫϣʣ۽û
ˣɽԡָָŵİ
ֿɫѾڵϣЦŮ֥̥һǸСӣϽ㣬ϲˣϱඡ
㼪ԣʱԾơ
͵ľˡ
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ߺ󣬺ӵϵձЩ죬ոǵӵĴ֥ĴʣˣŻҪ׼˵ʲôһسӣʱĸڲԶ¡
ǲ͵Ǯȥ۽ˣͻУֲǻ˸𵰣͵Ǯȥʲӳ𣿡
ӵ뿴ϣԭ˸ӣ͵żҵǮȥģ˼ҫأ
ڴƻԣͲҸضȥȥˣûϴͶľˡ
ȥˡصѾʱ֣֥ϰԵĳߡ
òãȥùһͷã㻹ǻš
˵ϱӹҪŲƽĴӣĴӳ⡣
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ϳӵҲ¹ܣݿȥ
ˣҪٿţɶҲȱˡ
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⻰ˣˣҲԣˣֶТ˳ʲôأ
ͻȻһ׮£ͻȻؼ飬ôд׬ӣº࣬Ѳ֪ϻУ
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֥ûܹ˹ػ۰ܳĵͷתҪݣʱһֻȵĴַסתͷһЦĿ
Щǵˣ̨ףҷ㡣
ʵǹػ֥˵ֱۣǻ谮ĸо̫ãǷӦһһ̨̤ס
Ͽӷ֥ҲûʲôԣֺǺǵȥˡ
صڹţ§ס֥кˣӡ
ǵһαɷţڶеܳҲκĵ׹˳ۿһ죬䡣
ˣڷſתȥᣬޣһ۵ġ
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ˣһǵĺҲܵġڲһͷŵˣϰж֤˲Ը˵Щ
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ˤãˤ˶ӻ߶ϱǾͲˡ
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˿ȥӳԺٺɡڶԽϵ
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Ҫ游ˣϢЦ춼ϲ£ˡ
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֥˽ҵĴӣҪֲ֥һЩǡ
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ү̽ˡʱͨ
ӳһۡ


7״Ԫ7

Ӵӳˤÿɺˣ˵ȹǶ˺üأеĶˣӲӳԺ󶼵ڴ϶գ̫ˡϴһ󣬳˵Ǯϵ겻ѡ
ҲͬǮϣԼ׶˼£Ǻоĸ㣬ʣҵĻ񣿡
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ʵҲԣӰҲڳԵģ֮˵ϱᣬһ˼뵽Ů˵ϱԵȥˡ
ڿ˿еĸ㣬ųţٻʱֿտա
һƺ̫׵ͿŽĸӣָһԥſڡ
ڷ²յʣô׵ˣ
Ҫдλ˹ĥѲ벻չҸĹ£ǰɣʡ
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Ȼˣ˹ʱŮ˹ӦñֳȫΣ˹һϴˢ˹ף˵ʹ˹ģԵŮ˹ûƫƫϲ˵Լļ⡣
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ңʹδйͷܾˣҲС
еġڽӹȥԵġ
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ҪӳֹǷ˫ȣ
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ʲô˲˴ŶҪҪǶܺúûţӳжϽӵĽ
룬ӳ˵öӿķӺܶ࣬ΪʲôôȥûóۿŶս
ԱˣҲĶ࣬أӳ⼸仰δӳйɵͻȻġ
֮ӳһȽϣ¡
ӳÿ˵ҵĲףӶõǮ
ӳƶĽõĶӦõı֮꣬һǮǴδǰ¶顣
һװģһǹ䣬̹˵Ҳ֪˭ֵýύ
ֻҪϲҲֶ¾ͻȥɣĸ׻Ҫչˡ
Ա˵´뿪ˣӳһڵ
ÿңԱⶼ÷ξȻǰ˴ı仯һΪոǼ仰졣
Ա̳ʲôʲôûƽչǸСģʲôǼڵҵĿأһʱļ˵˻
ڣѾҲû취ֻ뿪ѰԱĲ
ͣдʲôԱ͵ӣǰִдԾʡ
̧ͷЦڰڸĻӣմһҰŸһġ
ģ㡢𣿡Աڼ֮ɫԶˤȺ󣬾ͰķıҲӾȻ˳Ըдˡ
͵һ㣬˵УҾԿĲþ͵дˡ
Զԣ͵д棬ص档Աͬ
жԽָмһ֣ǽзӣöд֣ͬʱҲӳһֲϲ
Ż˯е֥ͻȻһŻ
ڴǰڴߵ̵óǰһַһıϧʣǲǺܣ
á֥һθˣɷҡҡͷԸǡ
ڸ˱ˮ˿ڣ̵ֽóȥȥ˽ڹİȺţһ˯θܡ
๫Ҳԡ֥ǰȼ˴أȻ๫д๫Ҫ飬ϻҪд׬Ǯֵչĺ๫
ûзĺ⣬һӳԡ
һ˳һӾͱˣڷ֥˯£Ҵϱǣ˯ɡ
๫Ҳ˯ô䣬ɱ֥ܺĹػ
ڵͷһͽˣд˯
ҲˣҪɡ֥ƾҪ
Ȼﲻʲôæиܱһǿ
ڽȥ˯Ͼ̧ƽ̹Сϣԣˡ
ɷ֥˵ܾĻԹɺã๫Щڴϵ㡣
áڷӡһǡ
üüãˮĴ۾вۺ͹ػʱúãɫҲ٣Խˮ鶯ˣý̲סϧ
ָ̧֥˸ͷϱɷǹĵطһ𡣡

8״Ԫ8

ͣû뵽޸ĵôãıʱҶǿϼ֡ڿ͸ĺõں󣬿޵
һϲȴʮǫ飬ҵııȵù㣬ǹǰˣ󵶣Ūˡ
ȵùֹױǿʻḻֲڻд¶һֺĸоЦ
Ҳ¶ϲɫЩţģ
Һʱڲ㣿˵Žдõĸóݸˣˡ
ͽӹȵôˣһûء
ֻʮֵĶƪҪ´ξдƪһӡ𲻱Ҫᣬǽһ䡣
Цӵ¶д̫ˣҾÿ೤
ҲЦˡ
ˬʵЦӣùԱԱͣƬ̣ܼҵ߰ɡ
үȥүˣܼʡ
ԱЩ˶˵˵ҲԸȥڵʱκ˲Ҫү
ǣү
ڣˣȻȥæɣ»鲻ҪȿԺдҵ㡣ͳڵ
Ҫڽӡˢʱͷԣ˾ͿԲ÷ʱд׬Ǯˡ
ڶ˵ıյһԺ˵飬鷳Ҽյ裬徭ЩˣЩ𣿡
ϲЦǰӹյõģӡ
ȥýԵõ徭ҲЦӦ
Ǳ͵ͯĿԼүһǰĶɱǰܵķˣҲϣүܹ˵ǰһܿĵĻšˣүڱڴһˣǶԽҲǸм˶ԽڵĻûвġ
ڵĻ֪ĻΪˡ
Сˣ㲻ᱻҹߡ˵ҲЦ
ͿһЦ֣ߴߣǰΣʵۡ
ȥ徭Զһۣ£˵ͽű߼ٿ
үɲܲҪҰ
᲻ү
ͱŪÿЦãſ˵棬ô
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ǲˡվؾصվãǰʲôҲûһ
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Ŷһʼվղֲ֪ͬԭ첻ٹԿ𻰱
⹫ӣҼүͣ㡣
ͣǺˣӳʡ
մԼ׼ԽԱ⣬ԱǰĲȴ˵Աδ飬ȥ֪ͣͣԸʲôĿ˱˻Ҫ
ǽڹӡ
ڣˣ
ǵģǸϵĹͣҼүԸˣڵʱκ˲ȥү⹫ӻ´ɡ
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һС˵Ż徭Լүģŵ죬ոջúõģͻȻүôˣ
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ʱ͵ɱʹŭתϧִϧתɸжĽ¶ϲ
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ʣɻǰŵڸеʹࣿ
纣˵콫˹ˣܾĥʹΪһӲΣ޼᲻֮ˣܵΡҡͷֻɫжȴʧһֻ֣δź
Цʧֻֻ֣ǽ֮ˣܴ޵ȷ𽭺ΪȷһأʱӢۣܶʱΣҲתȴɷʱ򣬲ҵжӦ֮¡
˵öԣӺɷһʱ۶͵ͷǵСźҲɢǰδе
ֹǺļǿдкӢ۵ĸĽҪҲһλ벻ŮӸöã
徭Լүָ糣ұй֮޲˿ͬʱԽֶһݸм塣
ڼʱˣ˵ү
ڣǶˣͱүүĽУͺͰɡʹĻ
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ͱ㽫յʵ˸ףʲô޸ڣ˹ݺзϣ۲ı·ɾһأǽڹΪ֮ĿľϣܴӶȵг߳Ϊɷѿģ̫жˡ
ڽӲ뿪Ҳʹ޷԰ΣȰġ
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Ϊ׬ǮãʵҵĴæݶ
ͲȥᣬᶨҲṼڵģҪдҪΪҡ뵽ʲôСֻǵǲΪҸĻͥˣԲ𡣡
ɵӣø˵ԲֻҪúõĻţʲôҪξܰһĵˡԱĶӵֵĵȥϲ飬һֱ֧ġ
ллס׵֣ͷ붼Ѿˣ۶ΣǰˣԺ󲻻ˣһúûš
úúã뿪ͷˡԱ˵ӯ
صԼԺӣԱ⼤þòƽˣĶ߳ˣֻҪӺúûţҾϣ
үūŸȺȵɡܼҶһ̽ӡ
ԱΪ˶ӵûθڣոˣԶˣùܼ£Ʒζģ
ոҲЩȣӡ
ֶүġܼһص
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ǰ˵ȥϪߵТġ
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Ǻõѣһֱչ˰£±Ƹм˻ģΪ˶ảļҲ͵λʧһֳֻ˷ˡ
žડ
ӵԱ˽סΪʲôдĻӵƣѵѵ


9״Ԫ9

๫ϵĶѾȫˣѿĿҲϣԺĨˡ֥һĨɷ
һҪʮǮʡԸ๫Щֽ֡
ڵּÿñãⱣһܳɣܶͣ
֪֥˼޷ǾΪʡǮãΪˣһ඼ϱĻҲ̫ˡ
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һůԽ۵ָӣұǷ£ɶģ㻳źӲŽࡣ
˵ʱдȥǲͣ£ǰĶʮӼ࣬ΪϿ̲ȴǲģڸϿǰдһⱾдٸȥѧϰģá
Ҳ࣬ЩһҲˣӺܹԡ
Թº֥ķӦͼ࣬ҲûǾöò꣬ǰվͿʼµذĸЩɵļˡ
СȻ㣬ֶֹ¡
㡣֥ɷŮ
ŮһӣĺӣϣǶӡ
֪˼:ֻҪǵĺӣкŮҶϲ̫ѹŮҲ
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§뻳ͽкãиõںͷҪӦǡ
֥У¶ҸЦݡ
ת۰¹ȥؽԽ䣬ڰ²ţ˵ڶС˵
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Ҳ徭ЩдӵͷһΣΪҪ˵⣬ȥˡ
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ԭҺ͵ֻǱԵ뷨˭֪ĻȻ˻ʮãЩʱٸˡ
ҲڵĻôķӦ͸ԭ㣬ҪǽڵĻԼǮ֮ҪһЩӣȹǰѹأ˭֪ǳ֣ڵĻԼͻˡ
ܸж͹һҾлԱү͵İݶ飬ڼˡ
Ϊģ㲻ʲôߣȥдĻΣȲýڰˡ
ӦҲдһø㿴
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˻صδֻ֪Ұж˲ˣЩ뷽跨
ӳɫԽѿ֮±·򣬶Ҳûв͸ǽȥұػʲôʱ˵̳ҵļҲȥ״Ρ
ûǰˤɵģһЩٷˣڰϵҵһҪͿţ޷ȥķͷΨһĶ磬̳ܽҲ
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һǽԱǰ˵ʲôǽڻ£սģŹ
ڲ˵ЩʱԴУߣ뿪ةأҸطͷ˵
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ҴȥѰҽȡӳ
Ǯĵ׵Ĳɢˣοˣ̾Լһöӡ
ҵ֪ӳǮ뿪ǵڶգδʲôӳйصӳͻȻ뿪ľٶȷӳӳѲ˸ϵ
ֶү˵ҪĸѰҽȣһﶼڿֶүТ˳ֶֻүߵҲ̫ˣкҲûһܼҵ
ԱһТ˳Ǽ٣¶·棬Ϲۣⰵػ֮ɱΣ˶һ
ûз׷飬ֻȥ꣬˷ǣö鲻ʲôõֻò֮
ڵ֪ӳ뿪ϢҲȷ˽Ϻ͵ȵӳɵġ
Щܿŵ˳⣬Ŀľάŵķ⣬ѹӳô궼ûоˣԭ˼ôˡ
ֻ͵ϣӳһʯ񣬿ϧĳӳеļƻ˿գӳͷˮһգֻܻβˡ
ʱûܽ¶ӳĶУҶӳɣҲûа׷һ
շӳʹԣػգʱ³һ㡣

10״Ԫ10

ӣѾ׼׵ˡ
ת۵˽ȥǸϿ,һӶ˸磬ҲԹͽڳš
˵Գ˵ͷ
ӣ·Сģ˵ҪҲùԸӡһһۣĵĶ
ο׼ŮһȥŮ׼ҺŮڼңʲôû˳ڼշ˵ŮͬϿ㽫ߵͯǲŮһȥǡ
үߵ˱ܸɻǵģ̫Щ²ôס
Ҽˡڹֳһݣѧʦ̵֮
ֿͬһǵĽϣӾͰˡ
˵ɶвеģҼҵĶϱһչ˺õģżչԸϵ
ڵͷֿ󸹱֥ǰ֣СͺӺúõĵһ
һġ֥صҺҲġ
⼸ϰɷĳ谮Ȼ֪ҪţǧᣬûбֳҪɷ޺֮ǵȥϿ
Ĳ֪˼ԽǶΪ룬Խϧ·ݴˣ˲ͣʲô±ܣѾɩ˵ˣԺЩƣҪǲʲôľȥѰ»ӣ
ǰְڶС˵ӡˢͬüãǰûʮӣǰ֪Ҫ̸ϿһС˵ǰ׬˶ٶδ֮һʣµĶϺ֥á
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֥Щȣֻںɷһ죬˵õĶͣҪܳΪöãû뵽๫Ȼҽ飬Цŵͷлл๫Ҷˣϳɣʱ
ڴ뿪ˣϺŮȥѰͻңϺֱ֥ʧԸݡ
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ͽֱӳˣԼһȴһֱ޸ģããܾòдĺã鶼⣬֪µòϿɣĻǲţûдȥͻǹء
ԼģҪ߳ҪԼ´ۣԻվ
͵˹ǻϢ
á
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ô˵أҼҹӿʯͽܡ徭
իϰЦˣ˵ʯͽܣʯյôͽ𣿡
ҲţЩȷʵ˵ǽڵͽܣдȴûа˿ڵϣիϰΪ徭˵ҲǼٻ
Ҽҹǡ
˵ˡ徭ջػӵߡ
ի徭үѹϰ顭
û£ȥһҰɡϻƽ
ȥ˺üիû͵Ļӣϵƽάֲˣ¶ȥɡ
үǰ滹һ䣬һκ𣿡徭뿴ԼүѹָǰիȰ
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徭Ӧǣի
ǰֻǰ飬˽ȥöûк徭뿪ʱһŮ𣬡ʲôҪ
һ껪һǳŮһܺ߳ڷЦӯӯֻǰһĪһȦ

11״Ԫ11

鷳ϰҼҹиիæ徭Ů
ŮصҾիϰ塣һۣЦٵҵȿΣ
ϰ壿ᣬǸŮӡ
ͺ徭ЩԾ
㽫£ߵǰ֣ҿɡ
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дĵһĿޣ㷺˿⡣
ǳԾһξдôãⷽ漫츳
¶Цˡ
޳ӡˢȥˣԸ⣿ϸѯʡ
ԸĻӣԸģͷлл
⻰һܻмʯϣʱĻ˾ͰҵĴæˣիûҪõһдԼһߵ
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Ϳ˿իڣȷʵװɣʣͲҵĻի⣿
۹⻰һܻʱǶҪȹʯĻȥĵĿ
ǫܱȹʯɱдú̫ࡣ
ҪԷƱҿⱾʯҪϸ࣬ôþҲҲá֮ûдúԼһݸдıɡ
ͽӹʣдϲ׶֡
ף㿴֣ٿ͵ȣ˲ĺ壬Ц֡
鶯һЦݰף⶯ˡ
͵ͻȻһִδйĸоļӡ
º󣬽ڵ˸ǣһ·Ϸƽ˾˵ٷˣؤûһһ·
Ѱ˼뿼ĿջţмղſԣȳȥתһȦϤϤֱʱ֣ڲŴۻؿջ
ûǮסʲôջ߰㡣
յջſڣСһ߸ݵӿջ˳ڵأһӵſڣһȫڵء
ŵȥ飬մ˻ҳСĲɾмˤɢҳһż䱦һ§ڻУϲۡ
⵰ɣûǮסջҲӶˡС
ڷһԭļ䣬д˵Ϣةʹˣĸ˫ֻһĸļҾȽһҪƶҲûԭǰļƣϲӣǽ͵ͨԺ͸ԡ
У˴οţҲ˾˺ͽʿȡõԶ׵ڶĳɼ
Ҳ˹ֻλǹŮλԭеĻݸ߹ͬȴԶԭʥ衣
ʥϵһٳϣĺʥϿޣ˻ķͷúɻʱһʬ֣նˡ
ûԭ˵֮Ϊڲ²ⶨѲ˸ϵ
һ³ҵ޹֮ˣ̾Ϣһڽűߵһ飬ĵĳǰݸֵĵСλǷǶӣ
ӡСʹ棬Խ¶Ц
λӴͯѸϿģסϵȷȻǼҾõ˼ң⵰ǷͲðƹˡ
Ҫ裿ڲ˵꣬ת飬λӸһˣ˳㽫ǵҲһᣬǻطס
Ҳƣ֮ˣҪӳϣС⹷ۿ˵׵оһٴҲ
ҲҪ˷ȹۿ˵͵ĵطסҲա
ûҲˣΪǷ˶ӣŰѣҲ̫ˡ
ߣ˷
һΧ۵˵Ҳ׷Ӧ
СɫɷףûϵԼľٶۿջʧһˣһʱǺǾ¡
ڲͬСҿջʵةشӴˣҽнڣ֪ˣ
ҡҲةˣʹģҽлû
ͬİԭ͸ͻȻů˵öԣϻǺ˶ģ̻˵ˣ˳Ҫ˺ãסӵĶ飬ӿȪ౨
ڹȣһسǵģԵ֡
ǡǵġεЦ
һسǵģһ棬Ǳضȥ
ʰ˹һȥѰҿջš
ӣҪסǰլΣѯʡ
֮ǰүԸҪǽѰʵססǰլӣﾭ˴ɨģӦҪסջ㡣
ʣڸǻլ𣿡
еģүһլ׼үϿʱţǰүԿ׸أ˵Ǹһ㡣齫ԿóЦŵ
ڸмܵѯ־Σ
һֵġɬǮͶޣѵĽڣĻ
һģҲԸӦˡ
ҵլ뿼Ĺһ־͵ˣֱӽϵţŽլӺԺ
ںҵĺԺջô󣬽ڻã˽ҵֻԾȣͲһˣ𾪵ðû˵
֣ҿسԱңһȥһʡ
ڵͷûԱҡ
ҵţүϧˡһϣΪ͸еϧ
ڵҸƣ춨ǡ
˵
˰׵ɫ൱ƣ˶˯ˡ
գҪҪȥҽڣʱűˣţվ棬æ¶Ц֡
һϰ֪᲻ŵ֣ʡ
ϲţ
㿴ʲô飿ڹ
˼ҵ鶼իʱܳģ벻ýֵۡ
ҿѽûģֿԸҿ룬ԼƵǰɣſ
ǰһƽʱ뿴ȴ鼮ж⣬Ҫ鿴˼ڣ˵Ҫ顣
ͽͬ磬δ棬Ƽˮ꣬ȴ˽һúϰȡοţһ⡣


12״Ԫ12

ʯĻ
鼫죬һʱͽڴ鶼࿴һ飬ʱ¶ϲ
ڻڿ飬дüãЩõֽţ򾭳ĵԭ඼ˣֽܶŶǱճģʮϾɣһҲӰĶ
ֻǽڼǰСճֽŵĻ棬һɬԾһҪȹѹء
Ļ̧ͷɫƽǣʱûע⣬ѻҲˣҰɡ
֣ҲҿһĽס½Ƶġ
΢㶣Ҳϲ
ΪǲỨʱȥЩ鼮ġ
˵ҲʯҪ˵ȲĴ򿪻
ʯĻةطһʱżȻõῴ˼ҳʯıʺ͹һֱţֻʯĻüƽ鶼Ļ򻰱ֻܸšһӾ͵ʯȻҪúƷһǡ
ڼԡʯһݣЦЦȥˣһܿţ͵Ƿˡ
ת۵˿Եӣٿǰһһɵ飬лֵ飬Ҿûοܹ
ʯĻɣڽӹȤ
⼸ڸ߶̫־İٱҲ°빦
ͷûʯĻ¼ֱҵ̫ǰ·Ҷʯӳˡ
ˣͿˣģɱڲһԼѵ
һҾлʯѡ
ڷĶ΢٣תͷĿ㡭
Һʱ֪ʯĶ𣿡һЦ
û¶ȷʵǺʱʯġ
һˣʯĻһҳдʯ֣⼸սֵһģһһ۱㷢ˣߣʯĻҹӦĳ壬Уʯ֡
һ㣬⼸ҿʯֻЦӲӦͣҲʯͻĿ֮ˣԷһʱʯֻۣһԭʯ
û뵽˼ܣôεðɣҳϣҾʯ
û뵽ʯǽ֮ˣ˲š̾
̾ϢһԼҵԨԴҲûӲдıû𡣡
ֲŻ磬ǳ֮¡
̾ڵĴϻݺͻǣҪԼ벻ַ׬ӣҲǽ͵Ե֣һҲʣΪ˸еˣͬʱ־ľһ
ݰɣ⼸꣬䣬ɱܺǡ֥ŶߵԺңĽϵ
̾˿ˣ˵ѾŰǣһϢҲûУ
˵⼸վͻϢҿٵȵȡ֥
ϵͷĶһۣӿ쵽ˣҲ֪ܸܲϻ
๫Ҳﲻæװģ˲Żá֥˸ӵ
ʱ˫ϲŲϲ¡
ϼȫΪ룬˼֣ģӸϲҲչ˺ͺӡ
лл֥имŽߡ
ˣϲϲ
ʱϰһƵܳԺӣ֥Ŷ߲죬Լϲᵽڵ֣֪Լ๫һţϲòУ߳ԺӣͼĸһϲɫĻˣæʣ
ˣˡϳ֥˵ܻ꣬ô͵ˣװͭĴӳֻȥ˸ӡ
öЩܸӶ
֥õ˵أĸҪĸˣ˵Ƶģ̲סҲЦЩˤˡ
ãõġЦŴҪţϲĴһ׵˼ſڣΧϱһٺÿ䣬ϻ˴뱲ӣڿˮŻģǵһεķ⣬Ц춼ֵˡ
֥Ҳһһһӣˡ
үš徭ܽӣĺϢԼү
ǰдԷ˱ʣ˵Ҿ֪Уʱ䣬⼸սھҪˣԸȥ׼һþƺòˣף
ǣү徭ϲˡ
º
֣ǰةˣŻȥʱز٣ɵúӦǡӿ·ӳ
ԭһţûӳĻһҲû
ü۶ϲɫóһֽ˽ֿҲܵţѽ˴εĻǷձص黹
á뻹ǽˣҪǲӣҪ롣
һɣЦʢˣʱ⿴һӣʵֿڵɩӣ
ǵģҼѿ裬ҵĸϲʵ
ԭУ֥;С˵ģӲ˳ϣ֥ǰϻȥߡ
ֱ𼱣Ͼ͵ˡ
ڵͷ뵽һʯ֮Ҳְ֪ұܡ
İɣšЦӦ
ҲЦˣǾлˡ

ﴫˬʵЦӿ˲ӣʱصسǡ
һ鵽سǵĻ⼸ţǰϢ˳ӭӣֻǿţȴֵúܸˣ⼸Ҳ֪ԭǰȥԺԵͯǳ⣬ҲûУһôܲˣ
һأҳ£ŻȥˣҲ£ȴˣԼ˸۲͵ʱ䣬Ҳظˡ
齫ֱ͵˴Ӵ壬Ȼż
һӾͱΧסַؿޣڼŻؼң˼ͼȺȥˣٴմմ๫Ĺ⣬Ը
صңſҲΧ˲ˣΪǴ֪ר̹أ˭֪һ֣ӾʹȺӣҪˡ
һŽһ󹧺أڵл첽ԺӣԺվǣһǣˣһɣӣˣ
ôˣǰżʵ
ҡҡͷĵأͷһ̥ûô졣
ڸи£Ůĸ׾ŮѲûģǵĹŮİΣ
ϾзӦˣڶˣʹһҹһˣ
̧ͳȥӣһˡ
ӻˣӴҵӴܽģţɱմ˻һѪˮ߳æ˸ˡ
ڲŲЩ˼룬ֻ֥̥ܲ˳ѪˮˣƿҪߣʱһӤס
¶Цˣˡ

13״Ԫ13

ǸСӣĸƽŻϲӲ
Ӵүӣڱӣӣкˡϼ˵ţҲ˶ˣֽ˲
ڴ˿ϲôĵӿˡ
һЩԵڵأۼֿǰסˣЦû£̫ˡ
֪ǵĹȵѣûеƣ£ûˣˡ
ۿͷ
˵֥˸ӣһ󹧺أ˫ϲţһʱ޲Ľ֡
ȺȴñӶˣΪʲôţ֥˶ӣ˫ϲţ֥ǰˣǴС˵ӣ˵Уĸ๫ҪżҶꡣ
Ϊʲô֥ôãʵöҪˡ
๫֥꺢Ӻ۵˯˹ȥʱѾˣµɷڴһ˲˲
סֱ֣ϧӣˡ
࣬ţ˶ӣҸ˻֥Ц뵽ӣʣأ뿴
ָָ࣬Աߣ˯ÿˡ
ߣҾû֥֡ͷ˯еĶӣССģ۷۵ģֱ˵ˣ¶ҸЦ㡣
ڵͷ㣬ľ
кҪƤһЩźã֥֡
ڳ谮˵㡣
֥˿˿ģü۶Ц
Ķͷӡһǣʣû˼ȥˣ
Ȼٳԡ֥ҡҡͷδİɷһ㡣
ڵϢһ£㡣
á֥ͷһֱŽڿ
ʧЦϢһֱң
̫û㡣֥˵Լﻰ
⼸ҪǼҽʱ䣬Ҫ˼ˣ֪˽ڣڣôõˣֵ
ͷһȣͣҲ㡣
գźԺ˯ԺͻȻſȥΧһϵ۷׷ף겻Ǳˣ͡
ڼȻ˴ӣæӭǰȥͣôԹˣ
ڣ˫ϲšͿǰɣЦŵϲ
ԭǽżҵĿˣùֺÿģ߲·
Ǹԣ˼ҵĹӣϧأ
·߲ˡ
ǵϸϸȥ͵ɫɫƽºͣ˿æ徭ͻݡ
ϵ֪ԱҵүˣòУǵϳʳ˵һѸмĻ֥Ҳֻͣϧ˼п͡
Ǹ˵㡣ȥ󣬽Ǹ
ҡҡͷûУĸͦõġ
ôԹأӦȥѰǡڲ˼
Ц֪Ϊ˸񷱶࣬ǳ鲻ּأԹһˡ
徭Ϻ񣬡ҼҹΪ׼ĺ񡣡
ڽӹݣһǺӴĽȦгϸֻ͵ıʼŽȦжˡ
һһӣóƬЦ˵ӦϲŲǡ
֪Ѻԣ˼ֺصؽϲţ
˶һۣԿЦ
˵˽ᵽիʱڷ׺ӣȤ޾ҵۣΪǰĿˣڿիĹ͡
իйͣҲйͣ糣һٲЩЦ
ԣĵһˣòȽڵĻ̶ʱ䣬Ѿ׷˽ڣĳҲΪ仰Ӱ߳ˡ
ˣлüիϰ壬ǺεȸˣͶ̶¾ı仯
пһ˿
ԴĻԺիһպùһգ˲үûʲôǲģҲȷԼϲˬʰЦĹ
ǰԼʵݸ˼㣬侪ȣδ֮ľֽһ
ڿУϲͷǺǶˣԱⲻõĶӲԸˡ
˵һͣȥԣʶһλѣ˴һţǳ׾ͷʯսʶ
Ҳʶһͷ
ӣʹˡʱԺ˺
Ц˵ܲٲܲپ͵ˡ
Ͻݣ˲ˮͳȥˣ˵
үɣһ۱֪ݡ
͵ͷͣš
ʹлү֮Ϲһ
ͰֵҲδʲôǽڡ
֮ҪǣүĶҲ
ЦһۣǱݸãҺֻҲмңǣ
ӹˣⲻǵǸ𣿽֣Ҿسʱ˵ˣⲻĻѾĻȼˡ
ڵͷҿ˭дĸã
ŻںͺŲֱ֮һֵͣ̾д̫ˣ֣ʵʵ˵ҾòĻҪҪһ֡
Цһۣ˻
Ļıʸϸ壬ϸڴüãдҲܳɫ˵ķмƣȴĶطˣҾñĻʤһʵ
˵ûоòˣϲ˵⣬ʦȻͽ
δüȾϲɫ
ַ˶δ̧ͷһۣɣתͷϵĽȦͻȻһĳңͬʱü󻰱ҡ
ھȵη;ǲģ
Ҳܺ棬ǿʲôҲû˵ʲôҲûξͷˣ


14״Ԫ14

Ҳмһ⻰ֵĻķƣ˵ɫΪŹ֣һҳвױ֣ǸȦϵּһģһû´ǽȦϵֱǳү֮֡ˣҲ²үǲ
ںͶһۣЦ
˵ʮִϻۣȻˡͿ
ǫϲ̨СүЦˡ
ҲһʣΧһŻܿͳ޻̸ĺѣʱһ˹ϵõøֵƵģ˱Ϊ꺮ѡ
ӡɹӹϲǿоˡ
ͬϲͬϲںһЦֳǵ
תѾԣҽȡԵڶĺóɼ󣬿˵
⼸꣬ҶƺΪӣƺΪɹӣ÷ӡ
಻ϵɡ֮񡢱÷꺮ѵֲ÷ӭ磬ͦ˪ɼΣ˵ľʮƣٰ˵¼ܵ˹裬Ϊ˷Լ
ȥֹںȡ˾˹ҲһĻңĻܱ߸ʡһ˿ս𣬼ҵǰҪ
Ա˵׬׬ǮҪҪǶҵǵĹ֮ףһ͵˸ӣﲻǱˣիļ㡣
ԱûźնֺǺǵģ˿Ŷ˼ꡣ
ڵʯҲ־ò£Ϊͷų˵ʯͽܣֻҪͻţڵͲ˥ÿֻдһС˵Ҳýʳǡ
֥ûٻУҽмߵ츳سһŮΪʦŮϲ֥㾡ѧ̵ʱ䣬֥ܶһ棬سǿһҽݣ˼Ůͽܡ
Ҳ䣬⼸Ĵ඼ţ̳֮˸ŮҲܴ󣬲ٸڴӵĶѺ͵顣
дüãŹﲻǮ˼ڹʱд׬úĿ׬ӣܸмڵĽ飬Ϊ鷨Һûǽڵ֮
ֻһֱûгףţƶ˶ֵ㣬ûԸѹ޸Ҳ⣬ԼȷʵûʸȢףɾ֮¡
ֻн֪ûԸ޵ɽһ
ԵĵڶУת۱һ󣬽ںҪȥǿˣԭڴһϾԭῼһ׵ڶԺҪھǵģ˭֪ʱ֪֥ˣ·;ңԶ֥ܲסֻܴһϾͷ
๫ģһúڼҵйǰҹ֥һ߰ʰңһߵ
ڴ§ססҪȥ֣ڴǣԲҪʱ뿪
ŮڻʱϣԼɷߣζʱ뿪ȫΡ
֥ò⼸겢ûжı仯ΪҸűǰҪòһҲɷİŮʱˣ㿴˷ңڼҸá
ʲôҶ§
֥ۣҸС
ڷ޶֮ʱһ
ڷſ֥ͷŽ󱧱Ķӣٸ߸ඡ
ĽЦͬһ㡣
ҪȥأĶġڽϣС˵ʮ档
ԼһģӡСһڵһƬ׶С֤һܿʱﻹĸȥסòã
ãĸ˵Ҫ״ԪǾȥסˣ״ԪĶ𣿡һڴʡ
ڴЦͷᣬ״Ԫ
ԭΪֻǺӵһЦû뵽棬ĸ״Ԫ
ϲ״ԪүϲĳŽھһϹ
ȡõڶԪĳɼڻʱӵüã˵һԪ֮ԭʱļ䣬Իʵ۵˼뷨ʮ˽⣬ԵĲĺϻʵ⣬յΪһ׵һ״Ԫ
ҲڻԺ͵ʱӵòйƣһڲͬʡˣֻܷŵȥԭǰһΪ׵һ͡
ԭг벢ûý̫⣬ǣӳһǰѾ˻ҹղУӳʥ衣
ڴһ²֪ԭһγ̿ˣɱϾϿӳȣ˳ӢӳֽűΪɣϴͻˡ
ԭлȷʵ̹ӳ˴ˣо˹ıĹ켣
ԭӳһǰ˾ˣҲ㿼Եģֻʱ֪Уչ˹Ϊɣٿˡ
ڲ룬ӳչ˹Ǽ٣ԼԲ棬Ͼ˹˶ȨƣӦ꽻ʻ̫˼ڶϣ
ҲϲүڹҲһ
ֵһǣǰԭ
ʥϹԶ޵ƽͻǻʺѾףΨйŮչ֮꣬䲻ϲŮʵۻǱΪ˸Ϊ
һδҲ̫ʣ˻ʵ׼¿ƽʿһ֮䡣
ֻеڵĴ඼˼ңûɼҵҲʣΨж׵һ׵δ䣬̫Զʵ۱ˣ˵֡
һֽͻ飬˵ǲóĹҲĻ׹ݣͷȽ״Ԫ
ͬϲͬϲֵй֮ʱĪˣһ⡣
ҲǴΪˣԺð޶˷Żһ˳źá
Цʣ״Ԫүʱ̻磿
ԭʵ۴͹飬żĸϣĸٳףͨͬˣܸԺҪúö
ձ̣үɰ׵ʡ
¿ƽʿ̽׼٣һЩԶĽʿ̽׽Ӽˣڵһʱ̽׼٣ѾʰվͶ
ͷһ硣
үġ
ڸջصԼ״Ԫʱ˻ӣһˡ

15״Ԫ15

ү룬Ѳãڻͯīֽȥˡ
īֽǰģһʮ꣬һʮ֮꣬Ըȡ֣ȫΪ͵徭䡣
¿״Ԫˣ˻һֵүӳȵĳЦ
δӳ֮ǰӿˣ֮һĻ׹Ҳ١
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Ҳδ˺ƤӳΪʲôҲ֪ڱֻ˳̨£¶ȣӳ֣
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伤ȴǺ޼ˣǰں磬޶ܾͷȴޱ󣬿ƿҲ˳˳ˮһ·״Ԫƾʲô˻ôã治ۡ
˵ҲҪлڵȺҪǵæ뿪ةأҲڵķȨơ
뿪ةһ˻ȥʲôҲûŷʡ˼飬һٿ˾ˣϾʱ˹У϶谮мӣδܿȡҲڡ
ҪĲڱȼ磬ҪԶڲڽ¡
ڼװӳ֣㲻Ƕûټ֮ʱѾӸλΪһүΪеˡ
Ҳû취Ϊ˰ҽȲԶ硣ӳ
ڸ̾ѣүТ˳мѣλةصᵽ㶼ǴТأ
ӳ°ͣΪ⡣
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ӳһת¶˱ʹһǰȥˡ
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ӳʹ⼸һֱѰҽΪҽȣ֮Ҫ飬ĴıЩ׽⣬ңʱѰ˶̼
ĸѰ˶̼ڸǲ졣
ǮϧӣǻѰ̼ˣѵʲôΪ֪£
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ڼϵʹ಻װģɵðĸҲΪ޺֮ǵĸϿҲ̫ѹˡ
֪ҲṼһģһĻšӳսȭͷ
ڿǰŻ󣬿˫ӣĪĹС
ӳڸأҪ̻ΪɾܾˣеĹŨӳеΪ˵Ǯϵֻô򵥣
үƲ˿ɻҪ׼ѯʡ
ӳˡ
ԭ׼ƣٽŸŮԴΪɣںɫ֪˭֪ڶǰһмӡ
ףھǺԭ˷ǰЩ²Ϊ֪ʵ⣬ߡ
շһʱܻѰŻֵġ
ӭү״Ԫү硣
صةأ˻ϲӭйİҲ׷׼Уؽں
ںڸͷϣйٲ棬˵ַ⡣
һ·ʡԱӭѾϰˣҪǰУЦǡ
һۣԷµڿ첽ǰ͡
ߵ״Ԫүүһݡ
æñīж󲻱д˴񡣡
ûԺǰһֵƼɡҲ
꺮ѵҶ֪׷ĽҺͣһ¾ʸôպҶǷޡ
ڼ֮飬Ȼϣλָй֮֮ͥҫ֮ͬϲ
˵֮Ц
ȥ۽Ǽˮ״ԪүؼҰɣҷǰյǧУ޷ӭӣؼأ
ˣھϲӣҲ˲ɣԼʱپۣȥ
Ҳʹ塣
״Ԫүˡ
֥ҽݵŮԶԶڵ̣ܽҽݺ
һŽģϱŸյõСŮӭ˳һ״Ԫڣ񻨵ĸͷٳ߶ͽϼӯ
ŲԶͣߵͽǰ̵֮״Ԫߵл顣
Ͽ޳ˣǰӡ
ҲǰʣúӣȻûõʧ
ߵͷ
ĶӭؼҡĽģĹڵϣߵһͷ
ҽŮƺŮͽҲӭӭ״Ԫүؼҡ
ʵ̫ˣҲȾз⣬§סӣĶûʧԣ״Ԫˡ
ϱСŮҲǼҵСҲӭؼҡ
ıø׿ãɺÿˡ
ԣÿڽӹŮŮװۣ֥ЦСǵ
֥̽ͷſãɷæ๫ڻˡ
ڿ첽ǰű𶯡
๫ϲ״Ԫ֥Ĵɷ򣬽һδɷӢ࣬ʱŴ״Ԫͷñ˵ϡ
˼ֳһҾҲϲӳΪ״Ԫˡ
ϲʦΪ״Ԫˡ⼸Ůͽܹعء
֥ЦԺɷ״Ԫ״Ԫˡ


16״Ԫ16

ĸӦ˺ֱУͬߵǰھӷŵϸǰ
ͷ׵ѾھӼϱе֪˽ʿֶڷһ§סӣϱǼҵнʿˣǶһ
̣Ǵϲӣɿ޲ã˽ʿҪȢΪүԺҲǻ׹ˡҸڵϱȰ
˵ҪȢ𾪵òУ𣿡
ĸģ״͵Ļ飬λǽȥǣҪۿҳס
ݺᣬúúãĸҪۿףĸҪأ
˽ʿ֮ºܿ촫ʹ壬ԸŮ޸˼һڵóӶˣЩ˼磬ҪŮ޸ΪңҪйҸ檣ǲҪ˲ŸҸɵ£˴һﶼЪ˼
ԭſȸһϦ֮ͥУص˼ҽż̤ƽˣû˵Σ˴󣬱лټ͡
Ҳһºǵ͵δ״ԪȡԱ͸ʿĺ
Ҳһȥǰɡ
̽׼ٵʱ䲢ڵ֥ӾҪ̻ؾְǰ֥ؼȰһȥǡ
ҡҡͷԺҲӣ֥ȥǣң״ԪڣڴӴӲˡ
ǵûչˣҺ๫ġ֥ٵ
ִЦ˼Ӳɵúܣкβĵģ
⼸Ҿԣ˱עر壬ԼǰҪӲˡ
֪Т˳᲻뿪磬ڣ
֥ҪȰֹĻ֥ɡ
Т˳ԸȥǣǾ˳ȥڵڴ
ֻ֥õ˵ͷ
һֺһȥҴǱ
μү״Ԫүģĳ
ڽ͵СһﱧЦˣ벻ԺҲ״Ԫүү
롣
Сһ飬һﶼЦˡ
СɵŬ飬ܳΪ״Ԫүү
ǣ塣˹˹֣ϳɵģֶЦˡ
Աֵܼ⳯˵˵ȥɡ
ǣ㱧뿪ˡ
ԱԽϱ主󣬵ӷȣҪҸùҲף㳤ѧһһĺãҾҲԼ꣬ȴܿɹĲӣһһԶӣǸ֪ж֮ˣҲһֱ׹Ů⼸һӺǢûκźˡ
ԱһõЦҲʶȤȥæˡ
λִȥһټ֪գλ;˳죬ֱϡϣһ֮顣
ںҾлͼԣ֮
仰ڽڿԺʱ˿ԡʱ˵ȥ٣仰δʧ֪һԳС
ԺҾλˡЦ
ڵռΪӣԽѧʣ֪Σ
Ǽá;ϲܵ״ԪүԽ̵ձضɾ͡
ԭҲд⣬ȻȿˣҾͲ״Ԫүˡ
ǳ͢涨һڲͬʡĽʿֵĲŻһףֲ̰ģüҲΪʦ͵
ЦҾ͹ˡ
˵°㰸ߵ֮˽ںΪ常̶ɺ󣬱͵аΪʦ
ʲôӳҲ˹
Ҫȥ׼̵£뿪ˣסسǣýϽһڿ˵ᵽӳ֮£Ա𾪡
ڵͷеʥ谮ĻҹУʥ衣
û뵽˻Աһߡ
Ͳ֪ӳӺһ£˲ϸΪߣӳ㾳Ǻ£У⼸δϵҲҵݣһӵһλ״ԪλݣӦ˲Ŷԣ
˵ǣҲЩţȫȻݣЩˡԱⲻӰҸƽ
̹Ȼνϱ㲻ϰɣҲʧ
˵öԣ벻ҲûϵҺڣܻסҵġҲ
Աͷ¡
ɩӣЩҩûȥĨһĨķʪʹ֥ҽ֥ƿҩøϡ
ϸмѣ֥Ŷ״ԪˣЩҰǼӲسլ⣬ȽʹëҲҩƣЩû
๫ԶȥԣҪӰҺĸǶв㣬һҽжͶұ֮飬Ӳؿǰһ֥ǡ֥Ц
ϸжˣǽҶ֪ͼˣҺּң˵ϺҲǻãúõӲǵڣںˣԸøż˴ε³
֥û
ϺϵԶسȴҲŹӱżˣϲķŻּҵӣּ˺üˣ˱ץ˴Ρ
Դף˵ϱһѣõϱ̥߸µк˸Уһŭ֮Ҳˡ
ͬˣֻΪЩ˺ϧһ˽ˣ˸ΪԼΪۡ
֥̾ǣϹϵǼա
ƺΪ֥˳ʱۣ֮ҧһѲҧȥ蹷ȻҪԶ֮١
֥ЦЦҵǴǲҼ๫
ҽݽͽܼ̳Уָչӵˣ֥ŷĴŶŮɷȥǡ
սҺ̻ؾͣһϲ졣
һ·ʡǣ֥ճܲסʡһźס޺󣬽ڴ֥ЩӤõ
ǽʡһ״Ԫү˲Ӵ
ɲǣ״ԪүǸТӣԱĸء
Т˳
޶궫Ҫȥа۽ڣ֥Ժֵ⡣
ڲñԼĸкκÿ޵ģⶼΪӦ顣
ʹˣ۹ȣ¾Ƚŷëһ·ʡʱȽˣ߲·㽫û뵽ȴ˸Тӵĺ
ں֥ǰߣȴһ˵˶֮ˣҲŲТ˳
ʶ˲ӡ
Ӵô˵Ͳµ״ԪүȰ
˵ʵۿһĸףǸˣȣӻֲݲᣬĹû
ڲһ٣𾪣һȵĸףΪĸӳĸӣ

17״Ԫ17

֣˵ʲôԼĸףϢЩӵ
ڳ˸ƣĴſ˿ˣŹȥ˵ͷ
ȥǸգݰյǸĸ׵ľ˰˾Ųʮӳ¹شҶ϶ǸմҵǮϵأ˾˷ĹȻǮһ࣬ʬѾϳ˾Ǯϡ
𾪲ѣӳȻԼĸס
ǰӳǰʹģĿʱûз⣬ıʹлھκ顣
ѹԭһûǮϻͻȻȥԭǱӳɱǮϣӺöȣֱɱˣǻĿɡ
һŴгδŹ˺֮µڷ̫̫ˣɥĲ֮ˣ
ǾǮϻоٺǮɱ֡ڲ²
ԭֻ֪ȫظΪӳͻһûᡣ
תΪŭǿĸףôµֱ֣硣
ҪӳǲҲҪԼѸߵĸɱȴδйͷ¼ýҲʱδֿµͷһģѵĴҲԼס
ԽԽߣ֣ǻؾȥǰ״
԰ꡣڰڻУӳʥ裬óȻ״棬޷ӳõӦõĳΡ
һɱԼĸ׵˵ö֮ҹɷŹӳ
˵ûʥ۰ľǻôùĺһûиףôԼһɱĸ֮ĸףڵ
㶣ֵ˼ǣ
Ϊ˻ʼҵ棬Ϊ˻Ὣѹ£ʱ֪ʼĩǻΪĳЩ˵ж״治ɵ˻ӳ롣
Ҳ˳ɣĵѵŹ
ֲȺ飬֪֪仰ǲҪŹӳҪѡʵʱ¶޴ӣ˿Ƕм֮ˣܲΪһԻǰ̰ɣֵá
˵ͷǽֹȫçײˡ˶٣ֵǵֻǲ֪ҪʱѰǸʵĻ᣿
ַģ̫õġ
º󣬽ڵ˵˾ǣһ·۳Ͷ٣ظϢ
Ϻ֥״Ԫۡ۾գĸһͨЦģǵôЦֹ
Ǳδ飬ʱסһɾҲòУʲôǼõġ
ְº飬ûʵ۳谮̫Ӻ̫Ȼ׹Ҳвμ˻񡣹ŴִһμᲢǵĳԳԺȺȣΪ˽ӦԼ
̫̫״Ԫļ룬ⳡ֡
ϯΪŮϯΪ˴ε¿״Ԫ̫ͬϯҲӳһϯӳΪԲѾȡ̫ӵĺøУ̫֮뻪ǹкѣ̫ӶΪΡ
ر֣δڵΣϯ룬ϯıī˸ʾñīԸСöˣ÷˴ȥ᷿ι̡
ǡֽīתȥ
ӳڵĻȤ״ԪүǸøףʱʱ̼̿ǹǧ𡣡
̫⻰ššü״Ԫ˸֮ʣѳɴ£á
ʱ˶ӣ״Ԫʱֵ˹ŮӶ˵شҪЩġڵص
ӳΪȻ˵ŮǰծȻû
ûỰ֥ѾŮϯЦ˱ơ
һ·᷿ȥ֥գιСʱţߴӡ
ԽļҾ֥ĸιŮ֥ԼιŮ׽һֱԼιˡ
ǣˡŮչӦ¡
̫ôˣʱǰ洫һŮľ
̧֥ͷȥһḾ˵˵ϣԵŮʧ˷磬տ첽ǰѯʣ̫ôˣ
״ԪˣūҲ֪̫˵Щͷα᷿Ϣ˭֪ߵεˡŮĵʶ֥æ
֥潻գ̫
ĵϲʣ״Ԫ˻ҽ𣿡
һ㡣֥ڴһ䡣
ȴ̲סҼҷҽɸˡ
գԡ֥ĻǺһֱУΨָ鷳ߵŮҲϸ̵
Ϲæͷūʧˡ
֥û𱸣̫óһƿҩһߺĵһߵһԼ£̫۹ȵµʣ֮ҩΪ˰ȫȷһƣҸ꣬ڸŮι̣ҿıǡ
ĵбŵӤεĵ˵ͷȻ֪״Ԫ˸꣬ڸСι̣Ҳ֪ҩǹ̵ģ״Ԫ˲ԼŮЦ״Ԫ˵ҩû⡣
֥̫ҩְ˰Ѩ̫תѡ
ˣˡĵ˼ˡ
̫۾һʱ֪Լںδŷʹͷôˣ
ոεˣ״Ԫ˽ѡĵָ֥͵
̫֥им״Ԫԭҽζлˡ
֮Ͷѣ̫ﲻлֻӿأǣ˸к档֥Ȱ
̫ͷл״Ԫ㡣
ĵȥϵĳˣū澷ȥ°ɡ
š̫֥ȥ£ٵл
֥еҩƿӵݹȥԼƵĲѪ֮ҩپͷۻɷһ
ǰǸҷõҩ̫ӹ˿ʡ
֥ǡ
ãˡ̫վĵҩ뿪ˡ
֥ҲϽŶ˵Ů᷿ι̡
ʱεɰūŻˣ״Ԫˡ
ū״Ԫ˿ɻҽʱ״Ԫǫ˵ֻһŮ̲ס״ԪҽҲ״Ԫ˺ֹˡ
״ԪڸҩʱԼһūãū澰ġ
ĵһ߸̫һ˵ŵʱ
̫ƿҩЦЦΪǫ飬ҷϽж״Ԫǫʵ֮ˣһȻ顣


18״Ԫ18

Ӿ̫صУ֥˽ڣһжڽԤ֮Уǹװȵ
֥ͷӵҴȥι̣̫ε๫ǲǸ鷳ˣ
óȻ̫ҩʲôǻ˻ңѴ̡
Ц̫ǰҵĴæô鷳أ
ԭУӳ̫ӽòŵֱϣݺԭıɱӳ̫ǣ뻪ף̫һֱδУ̫ӵҲδһŮ̫ӲòӳͻĶΪ̫ӣӳһνȨ죬ޡ
£ӳѾȡ̫Σ̫뻪ǹкѣҪͻĽǵĹϵףԭ飬֪̫Ӯ׼ʱ̫ɫϯ᷿ȥʱ֥֮ϣҽ̫ȡ̫ΣӶѰһ˹ϵѡ
ʲôô죿֥
סְҽ
֥ɷǶΣ̤ʵࡣ
պ㿴Ҳ£ةһͳɣʲôΪ㵣šٵ
֪֥ᰮҽƾԼβˣΪ״Ԫˣͷ¶濪ҽݸ˿Ҳһźҽ̫Ժ˲٣ҲŷӿҽݣǼ¡
֥Ц˽ɷУ๫ֻҪڣҾʲôˡ
״Ԫ˾㣿̫ӻصУ̫˵飬ҲΪȣ״Ԫ˻ҽ
ǰҽǸƿҩø̫ҽˣ̫ҽ˵ʮֺãʺʷã̫ҽǺηҽģֽһء
Ҳˣ״Ԫڼǿҽݵģ˲ˣҽҩ״ԪҲӼùټҾƶҲǵ״ԪŵԿȡ޶ڼá
̫϶ݣϯϣ״ԪɾȻʱ̼ǹŮΪ֮ʣǸѳɴ֮ˣȴ֪ơ
״ԪɼǹŮƷصı֣飬죿̫ӲҲ۳м𣿻ȴʱ̫̿ǹˣҳδδ˵֮ʡ
״ԪɲŻ磬Ϊ̫ã״Ԫ֮Ʒԣػ̫ӣ̫ӵһ
̫ӵͷ¶˵öԣǰ̫ϣЩֻܹٷŻյƵ˼ʵС֮١
Ȼ״Ԫҽ¶ӴûзΪӣǳأҲʱˡ
̫Ϸϼ˵ͷ
أϴϲȴӰŮ
Ů÷صүȥź̫˰Ъˡ
ȣæתĸԺȥˡ
ĸæһǲÿչźϣϱźЪɡһ߸һЦ
ϵͷԽϱԽϲüÿǹȴһ㹫ļҲûУźӣֵҪԺ۸㣬ӣӰ
лĸЦӦ£̫̫Ъ£ȻԸźˣҹﾯЩ̫ʲôҪɵ
ǣ
ٿһۣ˼Ѿ˯ˣŵĳӣһ̧ͷվڲԶмЦȹǰǸԲõˡ
Ϊ֦Ҷǧ֮壬ȴչ˳ĸЪмһʲôס֣Ըм
˫գգº͵ҲҵĸТ˳Ӧõġ
Ϊȴó裬ʱû繬һЩóĹŮ̫ãСûаȫУܾһСľͻʧȥӵеһУһֱҪһԼļҡ
ʹʱ׳ŵ͵͵ȥˣһ۾Ϳ˵ʱĴ͹òӢһţȻĶ˸Ը޸˭ʱ˵֡
ʱҪףҲϣӵԼļңҵ˵ҪĸٳףӦˣӶҲ֪ǼΨһ˵ģɵҪõɷ۰һҪĸãʹˣҪΪź̫̫
ɷ۵׵ĸм֪Լˡ
㡣սֳŵ
ͷ룬ұ㲻
ӵУж㣬ˣ򸴺
ջٹҪȥֵˣǰôڸģѰ״Ԫ˵ɩΪƽͣദһһܺ͵
áãЦӦ¡
Σ˵ɷͻ״Ԫú׽
ʷǻɼƽջӦſģȥɢɢĲźãҩٺҲֻβġ֥һ߿һߵ
̶ʱ䣬֥̫ʹ˾ǣٹپǰҽʱҪæˣæµԵãС
һŵĻ̾Ϣһ״ԪˣȮӲͣһСһ󳳣ⶼҪˡ
ҳ󲻿ϲӦ֥˵Щʵڱûţ֥Ǻӣ͸ˣ̲ס
˵ˣԼӳ죬ҳȥˣ˵벻˵һ
˼֮ҲжţȻλ˲ͣǷּҲ徲֥顣
ù˼£ϼ֮£һֱģⲡѺãβΪ㣬ٻ
ҡͷּҿɲɣⲻǾͰѺúõļҸɢЦ
֦֮飬ǰڼʱ˶ڼжӳɼҺּңӹñˡ֥ٵ
϶ʣģ
Ȼ˻ȥԣܺùճüա
ϵãҿǿǡ
ϣ֥Ůι̣ҪȥӹΣʱˣ˵
ã֥Ҳ˽ڵҪ˵õŮˡ
뿪ã̫ˣ֥ȥ˼ƬҲȥˡ


19״Ԫ19

֥μ
״Ԫ˿𡣡ȵҵ๫ֵͬܣҶҲҪԽǡ
֥Цһġ
ǧɣ˿ձŵĽ棬Цø񣬽ҲǸˡ
Ů䣬֥˼ˣүĺӲǺÿϾʤ
Цһš
״Ԫ˵״ԪɵļҾǲһڳ¡̫ߵſڣ֥ĻЦ
֥̫ˣЩԾæ
̫˶˵񣬳㲻ҪˣǱͨġ
Ӧǣǰн˲١
ȥ״ԪѰ״Ԫ˵ģ״Ԫ˴˴͸˹û뵽˵ôˡֿ̫֥Ц
ֵ֥̿δڸӭ̫ڣ
Ȳδ֮ҪǱͻˣ״Ԫ˵¡̫˵꣬Ҳ棬Բǧȷʵòװֵģۡ˵ŴŮнӹһ壬˲ϡ
֥أգСܲ˺񡣡
״Ԫǧܵ𱾹ССһö壬ǰ˱͵Ǳ״Ԫл˵㣬״Ԫ˲Ҫǡ̫
δУһֱϣиӣźӾϲ
֥æл̫ʹ͡
ʱδô´ģǵһδ͸ãΪ»ɡְ̫·ϽԸϡ
ܳл
˲裬֥̫ɫɫŲ
ҩθں࣬ЪϢʱҲˣɫȻá̫
֥ͷóٸѸΡ
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Ƭֹ̺֥
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ܳǰ̫뻪ҪãҲǵͷ׽ͷһΣ֪ⶼ֥Ĺ⣬һҪúô֥
֥ʵǷСв֢֮
˵̫ѰӦǳˣβʵ˵ˡ
ûСʱˮ֮ˮǣ˺˲̫һ
֥˵ͷѹ֣ﶬˮ˵ӣ庮飬˵ʣҪ뻳Ǽѵġ
̫Բ֥һ˿˵Ȼҧҧʣзӵ
̫УҽεʱҪһЩ֥ص
̫ʣҪʱգ
ٶҪһ꣬ÿĻָָ꣬ꡣ
̫קеָҪôã̫ѾȲˣȥ̫λѱ
֥˼ο̫飬๫궼δУʱҪˣȴĶֹŵҲҪԵ֣Ҳ˶̫ĺԵأ
״ԪɾȻѾô꣬ôĽ̫һ˵һ˿ϣ
ҲǰĽ
֥ٶ̫δú֮ʱ๫ԳҲǼõģ̫ӵ¶̫ҲǼõģֻҪſģúõÿձãʳźܿͻС¡
ãķ̫ܹ衣
֥̫Σ̫ӶԽڵĲѧҲԽ̫ӾԼֽѧʣһʱպ󣬻ʵۿ̫ѧʽܴ̫лϲϲӳ
ӳǲŽڶ̫ǰλã뷽跨ȥֺ̫ӣ̫һѧϣȫЩֵ˼ӳкǼꡣ
ΣڴӶӳֻë̫ӣ䶼޼˶ԷЦӯӯ
ӳ̫״Ԫѧˣ
ǰģүֵʲôҪ׸̫ӣЦء
ӳеһ۵ǵи磬˵˻Ȥ
һֻ˵˻ȷʵȤڶ˶Ц
ӳ⻰̹ܲ⻰һɫЩãֲ÷ֻõ״Ԫ̫ӵ¶Щʲôأ
ڵûɫʲô鶼ջ˻ء˵¿˿ѹ̫ӵ¿¥˵Ǻ¥Ļдǰ޶ˣ˵ѰҪȥأ
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ڵͷ䲻Ҳܷ飬̫ӽأʵķɷҲް
̫ȷʵ˻ǿ˵Щ߰ģ͵ĻѾ˾ǣիڻ̫Ҳظһۣ˭֪һֹסˣڡ
ǻͽдģ̫һʶˣԽԽͶ̫Ѿ׽ֱˡ
үϽȥѰ̫ӰɣҪ졣˵꣬ת뿪
ӳŽڵӰקȭһڣҪ̫ӵĳ谮
Ҫȥģ̫ű£ӳڽϣЩͷŻȥͽѧء
ӳЦ̫ӵ԰꣬ǰ͵ˡ
ڻϣ̫䲻ԸǸȥ
̫ӣ롣һլӵĺԺӳЦ
̫Ӳԣ̧˽ȥʲôط
ӳ̫˹գլԺЦ̫ӣ¥
ʲô¥̫־ŭӳ㡭
ӵٱ¥˴룬ѣïһò˽̫Ӿ棬ŵɫˣ̫̫ӵ£
鷿ڣ鰸ָ̫ŭΪһȻ¥йԱײ㻹ҪҪˣ
̫죬һ仰Ҳ˵ƺҲϴˣԩ
üǰ޲ſѧʴнҲŵ޻ú״Ԫֽѧʣ˵Ҫдһƪιĸĸأ¥дģ
˶㲻֪㣬޶һ޵棬ʼҵ涼㶪ˡ
̫Դ߳鷿˪Ӱ㣬˶ûżʱСİһ£Щ
ӳǰסʣ̫ӵ£û°ɣ
߿̫ŭƿҪΪ㣬λᱻʳӳպ뱾Զһ㣬ñٿ㣬򱾹㣡
Ԫճӣʱֱ̫ӣСܵ޺;أʶ۳мӣδøʧҲδڳǰκʧ֮£ӳȻˣβޣ
Ҫӳʹȥ¥ʱӦڼڸѧʣдι֮ĸƪ֣֮
ӳһǹ⺦
ӳƵڵأ⣬̫ӵ£ǽóȥ¥ģǽں°
̫Ӷʧ״Ԫ뱾ڸѧʣʱڱУӳӳµ㻹Ҫҧˣֱ޿ɾҩ
̫˵꣬ŭȥ
˵κ˺ţھẦҲûɺԴƵܵʿޣӳЩʱգδܵθǺʧ棬˺ӳĻһҲţ
ӳһģԵڵأô
үʱ̫ͨ
ӳɪɪ̫Ӷˣܵ𷣣˭Ⱦ


20״Ԫ20

ȥ¥ˣһ𾪡
װģ𾪣һ˵ûϣӳϹû뵽ӳôϣĸ˽̫ȥ¥ӳ;ĩ·޼ƿʩ˲ץһ˿ϣӮ̫ӵӡ
̫һյˮط²յûʺݺݳ𣬺澡ʧ˶ǰȥˡ
̽һۣԲ
ڵ˵ԼҪһֽѧʵģ̫ӵȴڣԭǸȥۻ֮ء
ԺҲû÷򣡡̫ˣ˵ҲЩ˼
æ⣬ˣȻ㲻ȥ룬֮дƪιֻ֮Ҫдƪϱػҹˡ
ӳӳһͿһʱʯͷԼĽţĽһʹɣ
æӦ͵״Ԫү˵öԡ
̫Ҳ֪ҲˣΨһķӾǺúѧʣдһƪʣػ񸸻ʵĳ谮춪֮£ڵר
սģ
ڴ̫ӴظӳŭȣתͷȥӳͬһֻŭҰޣȫ¶ðŻҪճɻҡ
ԽԽǸˣǰү£
㺦ҶԲԣӳһƵģˡ
һ޺ģүĻһֱѣʱүˣ
ڶſڣ̫Ӷ¥ȤҴ̫ȥ¥Һ̫ӱ𷣣ö񶾵˼
˼ǰ󣬾ܲԾЩïҲȥ̫ʱˣô̫Ӹյ¥ʹ˵ˣ˵ץʲô¥أ˾ǽڹٲȥġ
̫ӼǺޣֱϷ˱˼һ꣬һٺ»ֱɷҲ
һ޹ҲǣûУ˵
㣬û˻Ầңӳһҧ
аΧ۹ڲԸʣү֤ݣ
ҡӳᣬʱǻֻһ֤ݣ
ڵȻүû֤ݣͲҪۣүһ˼Щȥ˼ɣóˣֵ״Υּ⣬ʱͲǱ˼ôˡ
˵꣬һ񣬴ʩʩȻ˸
ӳȫڣҾŹģ
˵״Ԫ㣿ӳĻ󣬳Ծʡ
ʮòһ仳£ûа˿иĸ׺㲣޶ˡ
Իкгţ˻δڣǴӳжᵽλ״Ԫʦܣ˼ֺ棬ӳ˵ںһʱǲţͬʦֵ𣿽ûɺɣ
ӳûҵ̫أƺңɵΪ
ģػģҲģң´ҽ飬ǲٹˡ
ýûɺˣԼɷ׽ģȻɷھȻҲˣÿġ
һ̫Ҳĵı̫̫ϧµƷŵ²ȥۻ֮أ˵£վüģһջ֪ԩģĪҪѹѹҲѹġ
¶̹ⷬˣģʹǰܣŬ֤ʿûˡ̫ܵ־
̫ͷٵȻϲ̨棬ԺĪҪ״Ԫѧʺõ˽Ӵ߳īߺڣ⻰ԹͲ
Ҳ˴ġ̫ӵ
һ£̫Ҳȥˣ뻪ǹкѣ˺ԼˣҲƽϣ֥֮ķڵ壬ʱ䶼ڿϯŻϣûʱٹ˼
תһ¹ȥ̫ӱдճɣдõĸȥϳõ˽ۺȺĿޣ۵ų濼̫ӵѧʣ̫ӶԴӮúȲʣۻָǰ̫ӵĳ谮أй֮޲
ڣζﱾӮظʵģʱǼⶼᵽģ˵Ĵˣ⼫ˣҲԱмӣӮ˸ʵĳ谮Ҳػ˹ԱľأڣǱľʦɢ˳̫Žϲ˵ŸмĻ
ǫ̫ӵ´ϻۣһͨ
ͱǫˣ¿״ԪĲѧǸʶϿɵġ̫һϲɫ
Ȱ̫ӵҲɽüŬҪ֪ѧˮ۲ˡ
ǣʦ̫ЦŹһ񣬺ǫ͡
ص̫Цŵϲ糯֮Ȼţϲ̫ػ񸸻ʳ谮
¶˵öԣͽЩӽӴһ֮ллı޲ߣˣǱ֮ҡ̫סָ̫м
̫ҡҡͷε̫ĪҪӲǡ
ӵ²δǻŵ㣬ȳ̫ӵ
̫м֣лϧ
̫ںػʥ϶裬̫֥ϲÿÿᶼʱһ˹ϵõø׽Ƶģ̫֮Žڼʱ뵱ذ꺮ѵ֮ƣ飬Ҳ֥ǻϲӦ
ֻ꺮ƺ̫䣬ǵûš̫
飬ǻɩһ
һʱ벻á̫֥֥һ
֥Цֽдһš
̫ǰһʢ㣿
ãá̫ϸһƷЦ
Ҳȷʵã֥״Ԫˣ˼ݡ
ⲻǳģǳ๫ġ֥Ц๫˵ҪҲ˵꺮ǲʣʢţ˵ж⣬һָرˣָŮòϻۣУָľïʢľ֮һ֣ڸ£ʺǡ
״ԪɲŻ磬̫
֥ٵ๫ǲЩʫ硢硢Լָ˼
գʢ¹ŮǿᣬǳԳԺȺȾʱȴʵڷζȤʫ硢硢£󣬲ʧΪһֶķ״Ԫʵ̫̾ѡ
ЦҲѧЩӣӹһء
ǵʫͽʫΣ֥ʡ
̫ͬ⡣
ǾͰһʫᣬ˴¿ƽʿļҾͬʱ֡顣
̫֥Ҳͬ⡣
뵽ʲô֥ʣǿҪ뻪
仹¿ƽʿӳҲǸˣǶˣҪǲ뻪ǻ롣
㲻ˣϲλʽ㡣
̫ԥƬ̵ˣϴζ̥ڸţ˳š
֥һۣû˵ʲô
̥ǰǰ£ǴһټС㿪ᣬȥ˭֪϶̥ǵʥϴŭڳλԱǹټСҲ͵ׯȥˡ
ǻԼŮʱ̥ȴǹټСϯϣʥϾҪǨŭԱҲδǹԱ˵úһ͢سھ֮±𣬺úõĹټҵŮҪ˵׵ͣҲǲ͵ׯӣա
Ժ󣬾йȦϯҲ뻪

21״Ԫ21

յʫúܳɹ
ʿǵļҾ쳣Լ๫飬ĿȾٻʫ丳μʫѧʶ˲٣صҺԼ๫ҲܸĽ޸õǾʫǳҪʫ磬ΪԱ
֥Ҳ˵˭Ҫ˭ģҪͨ˳⿼ܼͨ룬˽ʿǵļҾҲȥϹ䣬һ˼д֣ö֮ЩپҲܲμʢʫ硢ᣬΪ٣Ҳ׿լԴʱȿʼѧϰ
ϰǮҲķ¥鿴һקģй⣬һʱ䣬ǰδеĶȣʢһȳΪǵһʥϵ֪󻹿ǣ״ʢҶǵʫ
ԭʢ֮ǽȡģȡüãŶףòѧ糯ϣۿŽЦ
ԱլԱʡĲ٣ΪҰЧʸߣõߣҾͻʢڹ֮£û뵽⸾֮ˣ֮¾ܶԹ档
Ⱥͣ״Ԫɺòѧ
ڼеһʢʫ磬ڼҿд֣ʱ֮£ǵĺլһƬͣÿֵҲԸؼˣżаһ۷Ҳˡ
ʵֻȡʢ֣̫ӵġ
۸ˣԭ̫ģɼ̫ӵѧ߲٣̫Ͻǹ֮֮
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ްŵ̫ӸмĿڣʢ֮ǽһģȴ͸ܿޣҲػúôڡ
ǻ״͵ģÿ֥ʫùŵ͵ҶЦü䡣
ԱǸͣǰǰÿ֮
Ժ߳ȥǵ϶йˡ
Զԣʫл״͵Ҷɷˡ
ǴһɶȳϲʹҶǵķܻݵĴ¡
ɲǣ๫ֵؼ϶ֺǺǵģҵ̬ҲöˣǶϷˣǻص˸ճʱһ
Ҳǡ
̫ڣҾ˵޼ɵ
֥Цҡҡͷתͷһ겻ģ߹ȥֵүּȥԽʡվ͸ûˣ̫ˡ
ȥ˷ˣĹ٣ȴȥ˷ˣǲ̤ʵ
֥ЦŰģ๫˵ǹˣһƽ
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֥ԣƽˣֻһ˵Ϣ
ץ˵͵ķͽڼʡ
糾ͣδظ˽ڣɫصĵͷٷһǽʡģұ㽫ǽٷ˽˲£оμ͵¡
˵ָʹʡ
ȣ֪
ָʹҲֱңҲ£ָʹݲ͡ڼװ
ѣͷֲµòָʹ͵˲ˣǵ
ӳ¶ŭɫȻӳɱǧġ
Ҳ֣ȥǰ״ɣ
Ҳǽ˵ĺʱȲҪ֮Էˡ
ʱû
Ͳˣʱλδ
ûа׮ｫءڵ
òУҪȵʲôʱ򣿡
ֵ̫õġ
ǾɣѧûߡЦŶԹپǵ
ƽˣãնЦӯӯġ
̫ͬã̫Ӹ̫ˡ
䡣֥ŴһЦ
̫Ե⣬·һ֧ҡ˱֧ҡͰⲽҡͷ˭ʤˣⲽҡ˭ˡ
л̫ҿǲҡ־ڱصá
̫Ǿɱ⿪ʼףҵķƽơ
Ʒӡ 
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̺

ĶĿ
 
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ˮˮʷϽӲˡ
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ϲ״ԪˡҶء
֥ϵˣˡ˵ӹΣ˷ϡ
޲ĽʣΪ֥ƾŻģԸķ䡣
ЦӲ˲ǣʵոսӵϣǹˮģΪ֥κ˶Ĳ뱨֥Դ֥İѶӷּҺ󣬼йȻͰˣ֥İ½̫ʫ磬鿪ˣҲˣ֥ͶұҲӦõġ
Ӵ濪ġЦ֮ʱˡ
ЦȻֹ˷׷׹
̫΢㶣ָЦǰסöѾŸµˣĻ
ڸʢʵں棬̲סҹȻ÷šͦŴӣɨһۣδ
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л̫
вЩģ̫ɩӣҲûҵ񣿹ȻһЩҰԽԽԽûˡ
˰ɣòǰк
ҲûֻǱǿ׳һ
֮ԶϺǲÿ
̫֣ЦЦûȥ
һӻңҶóȻˣζ
̫ܳʱδ뻪ҲԶ࣬һʱûʲô˵
״ǲ֮ǰЦֳһƬһһ˵ˣƲתͷһ˹õҶˣʹ͵Ҷɡ
Ȼ꣬Ҳǰɣһ֡ϾǴС浽ĺѣ̫Ҳ̫ԶЦ
û̬⣬Ǹոʲô
̫΢ǴҪһ𣿡
Խ档ͷ
̫һٵ·ݴˣȷʵϷƷʫ
ûĬˡ
֥ѧãʫͷ̫ЦŶ֥
֥˻һۣ붬ˣǾƷһ׶յʫǽ֦÷躮Կң֪ѩΪа
ʯġ÷֪ʫҪ˵ȴ
̫Цھǿʫ֮ƣȻ鴫 
дʫʫܼ˵һʫµĳƺš
͸
δ죬˼ЦЦƷһ䣬ǽ֦÷ǽǲעĿΪ֪δʶȴֺںͻ֦÷Ӽª·Կ̬
Ʒúáҹƿ
ЦһƷڶѹѹķͷ֥ȴȵƷڶ䣬躮Կԣǿ޾˵۹⣬ڶӵĻУ
״ԪƷúãֹƿ
ݺݵĵ֥һۣ׼Ʒ䣬ȴٴα̫ȣƷ䣬ң֪ѩң֪˵ԶƮģԡʫ߻ۣڷ֡ѩ˵÷÷Ľ׿ɼʫۺѰζ
̫ĵٴǵһк
һҲһʿƷˣҺĬЦһţһҲûУһԣûᣬЩûѪ


22״Ԫ22

صУһӵĶһʢ㣬Ȼ˹ʵڿɶ
ϢŭӳõϢȺ˵СС֣ϲ̨棬ĪҪӡ
СС֣ѾøҶϲ̨棿ʺۣоСڿʢŻ磬Ҳֻʢ㣬ȫճĻ
߹ܱȹȥģģľַش֮ǳò˵ġӳ
ݺ˼˺ӣǡδ˵꣬ȵˤƵĴڵأһʹŶӺĶӺʹ
һŮŵû궼Ҫûˡ
ӳúһŻ񣬳ȥ˳ȥź̫ҽһȺûõĶ
˳ȥ
һˤˮˣŲòֻ˵Ҫˣû˵ˤһ£ֻǻڼ˶һһҹû
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۴ϲźӰ֣±ӳĽ㣬˲ٶ
̫̫˹أʱ̫һѣΣЩ˹ȥŻˡ
ڼΪ̫̫Żһʱ֧׷׿̫壬۶ԶϱҲʮ⣬ϧһֱδµӣ̾Ϣһ̫ҽΣһȴϲ
̫Ӿϲ֣̫ˣ
̫ӣ̫н¡̫ҽЦŻص
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ϲϣϲϣ˫ϲšء
մãĺӽӳ̫ӵϱˣعϢһȥ̫ҽٸ̫ú̽̽ɳκβء
ǡ
۴ȥַǷĹӳȭúõķͱ̫Ӻ̫ˣɷҲ
תѣ壬ʣʺͻǲô
ع̫ϲϴ̫Ӻ̫عˡŮص
ŭޣоӵķ⣬ƾʲô
̫֥Ĺͣʹ˽ң֥Ϊ̫壬̫ԽҸмѣ붼ŽڣӰ룬һԾΪ˼ҡ
Ҳû뵽̫ôУСµԵֵˡ֥һι̫ҩһЦ
һ԰ңҲЦǰԭ˵Ҫһ꣬Űͻˡ
֥±ˡ̫м
֥ҡҡͷܰﵽҲǳҡ
ɩԵңӴõĺ˸̫
ָ̫׶ˣѪϧ½ˣֶˡ
̫һ⣬ж죬óһ¡֥æסȥһ԰ʱһ٣Ͻٺúú˺ţϲҲϲˡ
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ҡһˣһŴлعϲĵӣòϲ๫кˡ
̫кҲУմãʢһ£ѾŮŵ㣬ŮҲ谮УҲһͬʵʹ˲ٶȥ
֪һʹͣ÷˺ôһͨ𣬸ǣӵʮ壬̫Ӳû֥Ҫչû˼ʹҲ£ֻ˺񲻼ˡ
СʳӾͲȱǮģҪǷ棬ǰ߲ȱȴȱ˺ߣϯϷ˻ǵý۲᲻ÿŮͽӳȥʹһ١
ӳصУԽԽޣһͷҵ顣
Ļ֣˼ǣҪǵĶϻλ
ǰǷͱˣԺǵĶ޷ھ㣬Ϊ˶ӣǲòúıδӳȰ
пɰĶӣɫݣʿڿ˵۰ǵ֪»оͽһԣƽƽЩҲʹתºǸҰ帾Ҳ⣬һĻаλԣ
ºĶģҲ͹ֲĺˡ
һˣͷӦˣֻܷȥȫ֧㡣
ǣӳˣҪڵ˲ڽ£ĥ


23״Ԫ23

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๫æܻصı֣Ҹ˻˵, ҲæòУĸæչĶ֥˵ſһһЦĽϡ
Ҳϵˡ
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, Ż󣬸еĹûʲô, ǺҲ˺ܴĸı, ºʹ, , 뾩еϷǴü, ΪϱĽƽ̨˲
ЦӵͷĶĸඡ
ĸ, , ĶϲáĽĳÿɰ˵ȻһС˵ģ
֥ĻﲻһŮЦ, ˵ϲ㣬ĸﻹкö岮ĸϲ㡣
滹˵˳ڻеֲ壬ȵòУһӶЦˡ
֥»ӣ֡Ϲػ
ϱ˾ھеҽ˻ϿޣΪ̫壬չ̥ϲֺ֮Լǰϱôã׹Ů
֥ӹݸڣ๫㱧ůְɡ
ţΪ䡣ȥ
ָ֥ģĶ㱧Űɡ
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ھЧһɽϣɽ·һͨһԲУ˶ִ˺ͺӣֱϵ˵ſڡ
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ڴһӽ˵ۣһӰ˹ڵ˲Ǯ󱻵ʿӭ᷿ȥϢ
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һ·Щˣ֥ҲҪι̣ڶԴŶӳˡ
۲Ǿĵۣװһ£ýޣ̫䣬һȦڱŽĻ᷿
ү
յԺ˵үֱܵľΪ˳ȥȴӳй죬ӳǰʱƵƵʥϳ𣬽Ѿʮֵ͵˵飬׼μӻԣôۣ
ӳ˲һСĵĽһ᷿ʱһӽ˽ȥȻ˷š
ϳǳһԱǰҲ⵽ʥϳӳΪҪڹԼйԱΪֻо˹ʥϲδκιְû˽Աǡ
ԽԽùŹ֣ڿŽյķţۡ
ۻ󣬽ȥ
˵ˣӰǰ˷ʡ
һߺŲһߵͷ¸ʥٵǸʱ
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ةأҡ
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ͼů壬ϲһǽֵֺţ죬ҡӹſٲ𿪣Цݸǽڵ֡
쿴˵ʲôЦŴߴ١
͵˵ͷٿ꣬ϲ˵ҺĻѾǣܵٴԹҵھϲ̫ҲҵĻдüá
̫ˣ๫˼ˡ
۹⣬һ۾Ϳ๫дϢȻûɣ̶̼꣬๫ͳ˻ң˫ա
ͼ˵ǴȥǣҪʽΪѧˣһӴżȥǣǾھǹˡ
ȥǹꣿǵøϽʰˣ·;ңԶ»ϲ˵վ๫ȥš
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ԭ游ƴǰȥ˵оȵۣɾۣ֮Ƶô˷Ϊ
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ͬһ㣬õֻԭһӣɸҲ̹ڿԭ֪ĸ޼ɵƷҲķӣĴԭĻ֣ϣһ׼Ұ⡣
һۣǸԭĻ׹ƽĿΪޣԭԸҲϲÿÿȤﶼȥ䣬оҶʮָˣÿϣ
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ǰһжң˵ԸԼĺӸԿһ֮ĺӵˣЩһֱεУ˲ٴȥŸ֡
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˵ö֪ΪǸƴ֮ˣֻн֪ǸƤǰˡ
ʵ޼ԭĸ׽ԭûֳǰһƴȵģ˺󾡸Щն֮£ԭԨ׹ٲ֮ء
ԭĸ׽ԭȷʵˣԹҲ֮飬ϱʾ⣬ʹֶαԭ˵˾ǸαСˡ
ڲĹƵóѡ
̧ڣһſ޵۵޺Ƿ˺£
Ȼֹ뿴ڣϵǸӡ
˵ӣֻĸĶӣ˵Լʡ
˳ͷģһҲʲôӰ죬ҲҲ㣬һ㵱ֵһġ
ڿǰһᵫ˳Ƶ꣬̾װһҲϷѹƭˡԭ߸Ϲˣʱ⻰ܵ裬ǰͽˣҪԭϳȥ˳ĺȰ˵½ԭ
ڲԭ֪˳ͼᱻǣűߣмεǰס˳лл㣬£ռһУûʸٸֵܣҲûʸͽһж㡣
˵꣬ת򸾣ؿͷлǵ֮ڶӣСǲģԺ󡭡ˡϲһžۣ˾ͲⰭǵˡ
վĨĨᣬת뿪
ڶǰܵıӰв̣ǰɣҲĴĸײ㡣
ʮĳϦദҲ˸飬οһеĶӣӻ˵ͬʱҲʮԹĸȶ£ڹʱҲǨŭϾദʮ꣬ݸ飬
ҲǰΪӱǡ
ֻҪڰݷˣԼ̣ҲֻǸӤ˵ĸǽڣǲӦǨŭڽڡ
лүǲңԸ壬Ҳٺ޳ܣҳʲôˣתͷ
ʣҪȥģ
һֱȥһǸᡣ
δԶţҲۣܲڶĸģڸУĸǰһ㡣ǰס
Ҳǰмкã㻹С봳ҲٳЩ
ڸ̾ѹԭӳǰ㣬벻޶˵Ĺֳ磬һɫüѿ˳ǾܾˣˣһžֻۣôҲ죬Ƿģ֮ģлһ𡣡
˵꣬ת뿪
סҪҲһʱЩʱգ͵Ƕĸգɺã
Զԣĸ˵öԣգҲðһҲ
һܾ̾Ϻɫԥĵ˵ͷ
ϸ˼ˣͣ˵ǽֱʮһԡ
һԱ˳սȭͷΪʲôһ㷢չڲӦñԹϲ𣿽ڲӦÿƤôͷҪߣ򸾵˼ȫ˽ϣӳ˶భ֮ˣ
ڻԼԺӣ˳Ҳٺˣ򸾻ص˵
û뵽ڶȻǵӡԲܽʵ
ҲûϵĸȻǵĶӸˣʮ꣬˲˵ڶ뱾òĻδȥ룬ûڶĲǱĶӡ
ϾǰˣʵǱˡ
ͷûѾˣ˵ٶҲãڶϣǸƵġ
ڶӣĲʮ꣬δн㶮ģҲҹҲΣϣܶЩû뵽ڶˣȴ˵⣬ۿˡ
̾ϢǰҪЩﻹЩƫƫֵģͲˡ
үǻ뷨ӰɣϻһʧȥһӲһӡ
ţһ뷨ӽµġ
Ҫǽ£ӣܲὫڸУΣ½ڶֻкôû
Ǽӵٶȴ龩ǣһٵĺ䶯
ӾȻǱĸļٻӴ⡣
⣬ǻˣӵǳģЩԽԽ󣬻ԽԽ࣬򸾸ƨɶͻȻ䶪˸ǵøˣ
ɲǣ˵Ӵϻ۶£ȣȼǿʮء
Ҳ˵ˣӻ˵ĸҪֵⲻӲܼ
Ҳ̫ˣӾȻҲҪˡ
ԶԣּٻŸȥ͵ˣ
ҷ׷׿˳ȴָڣҲΪڳġ
˵᲻üӣִҪأ
˰ɣúõĶӱһôὫ£Ͳ߲Ŷԡ
ǣĴ˭˭ù˭ڼл
ҿǼ᲻ٻ޳ŲߣҲФ븻治Ҫ
Ϊڱܿ챻˵ûֻʣ
һеС˲ɫ뿪ٻ˳ԺӣӣˣڴҶڿƣԽȴһƬ
»úܺãģԺúҰ£ٲĺô˳⣬Ӹһӡ
»ӹϲӦӲԺˣС˵ȻǶӾְء
˳üá
⣬һ˿䣬ڣĸ׺ӹʮҵӣռҵλٻôЩ꣬ҲùġĸǷҵģһһһֻ
ӣôѽڴҶƤߣүģڮ㣬ʵ̫ˡСϢ߽ڡ
òĺС壬ڲʧЦ쳤ڱϣǰ˵˵ȥ
ӣôӣЩ̫עҪٲȥͽͣҾΪߵġСԼӰ㲻Ҫˡ
ڵȻγɣѸˣ˰ˣҲסãʱǱ㲻˵ˡ
ӣҪߣС屻ɹתע
ڵͷ
СӣҪߵĻɲԴСˣ
С壬ʲôúõԻʳڿ
СС͸δֿǰûֿԺҲֿ
Ҫ뿪ͲӣҲûٻʳ㲻¸ҳԿ
С˲£ӹʲôС˾͹ʲôӣСҪһӸߡ
ںǸжԭҲûвҵףһͣԸͬʹֻ࣬ϧԭУ˳ˡ
һΪԭˣúñס
ļã߾ʹһߣֻҪпڳԵĲ㡣
лӡСм֣˼һתֻصǰϣǵӣ治𣿡
Ի˹ܵģͷİɡһɣ׼˯
С˭ܣ컹δſ˴ֻñ졣
ϣܿˡ
ʲôҶڶдºʱֵЩоС۷׷ˣòС
۽ڣҲɲǣڶģЩֻ꣬Զﴫүǿɲܲܣǰܻڶ
ģ˴ϢΪڶ˵գԸܼҳȥϢ˵ҪڶΪӣһ㸸ڶҲµģǱǿڸеġ
ǣү
ȵȣȥ˭ڶġֲһ䡣
ܼӦ£ȥˡ
Ҹ˵˳Ϣʡ
»ū׶ģӣү̫ƫˣӣүȴһ˼ǼٻϣôöûСΪƽ
˳ҲҧԼĵﲻǸ׶ӵ֮ӣԸΪӣάǲװ˷࣬趼㲻ˣ
ƽ
˵ʲôǼӣĿǰŮʡ
δȵ¶ǵĿھǶˣҶӡ
ٵģסӣȻǼٵģǱͼ޲ˡ
ƽĻ׹ݣԭڵ¾ǵͼޣΪ˰ֳס⣬ԽҲжϲ˵ˣΪƽδ
ڲӣǲټ޸ˡ
¶ոմϢҪռΪӣǰһԸ˻£ǻǵ죿
ֻ˵޸Ǽٻû˵Ҫ˻¡
ڣڸ˳
ְɡ
ͷţǶȱֻ࣬ܺʣڶͬǵ֣һֵ֪ܡ
ǽվס
ûùܼȥˡ
޶˴ȥҽڣȰڸУʱƽˣһۣ֪Ϊ˽ڵĻģƽǵϵ׵ܵܣҵϽ뵽޶˴Ҵȥˡ
ү˵Ҫÿļ޸Ͷšüʡ
ƽʣѵӦ𣿡
ӦˣڶͿС÷Ǳһ㣬óȻĻ£ǶӰ졣ǵ
ҲǰڶԿƺӵĻ±ͽʱģȥҲԭĻ죬үģڶ䲻ǵӣǻ׶ӶԴ
ǻ̳λ𣿡ƽʡ
һû
ƽһۣЦЦԸ⽫λڣҲԸվɣҼ˾Ŀ޸ǽұίˣܲ޸һûм̳ȨӰɣ
û
ʲô¶վɣΨλٴڣ˵᲻ý뿪׶ӻҪģ׶뿪ʮ꣬ҲöಹλǴҲѰһűȽڸõġ
ƽ֪ͬˣҲ֪ڶҼ࣬Ϊ˲Ը⽫һŮ޸ڵݣƽһŮίһµƽŮϱҲǼ¡
򸾶һۣһʣ֪үҪһλСڶ
СС㶼ѶףΨС㻹δǡƽ
ɫӣƽСɥĸӲŶƣ֪ԸԸȢ
лҪ˵µĹ¿ʼ

252

ӵȲδ, ƽĻ±䶯ȳ˵۾ȫƽ, ûһ粨, Ϊ竣ƽ¶Ὣǽ췭ظο顣
ɽڲûԸ, 뿪˾ǣûнǽ췭ظϢ뿪ˡ
ı䶯ʼδ, ˶ʾ𾪺Ͳ⣬䲻, ̬Ȳû̫ı仯Կܽʳ, 뿪, Ҷ²ĳΪµı䶯, Ͼƽж, Ǿ˾֪顣
ڵˣ̧ͷ¶顣
¶ص, ˵ϰҹ뿪ģ˶֪ǴѰҡ
ҹҹ֮¡
Ҫ֮ǰݸļˣվڵ, ߡ
俴ŻֵĿò, ˻ѣҲģǸĸ֮ҲΥ
, Ը¼޵һԭΪڳÿһǴʵԣֻϧʵ̫ͣһſ˫Ҳ޷Ը
佫֮ˣܼ޸һƽ
ֻҪԸ⣬ҿԴ뿪Ըߣ
ҲδľܾˣҲܸߡ
ΪΣ
ѵǰҵһйϷвûˣ
ҡͷºۿᣬίû㣿Ҷѵֻ֪ΪƽĿϵҲΪһ˽ڲˣҲҵĸĸѹڣ֪ҶԲ㣬ʵûа취
˵ˣˡڴĻȥ
Ӱʹкǵ⣬䲻Ը޸ڣΪѹġ
뵽ʲôһתٵԭĸҲû䶯ǵĻ£ȥĸ
˵ʲôתзŭ
䰧С㣬ƽձ֮¶Թ˻ȥĸ˵ӵŮĸʱɥĸӦҲɢ
ˣĳ㣬ĸ׼ҾٲԸҲֻܽܡ
ڣԺףҵķϣһ㡣
һŭ̧ߡ
׷ǰڣ
治ԸߣͣתͷͻȻʡ
ûϵͻȻתصϣ΢һ£ŵҲҵĸĸˣʹˣǳŮҲô˽
ãϣղҪڽյľڿһۣȻȥ
ˣʱ͸ʧЩ̹뵽պƽĸȨƣֻǸȨƵƽͷգǵ㲻̹ɢˡ
ȷھΪ뿪ǵģֻǽûȥǸŮ鷳ǰ׷һ򣬲޷ˣǸŮͻΪǵЦҲǼӵĸŮѿ
С㣬ˣ˶۷׷ף˵ǲԸȢҳߵġŮƶǰ廨
һϮǳŮԶе߻̧ͷ¶һ㶯˵С˵ǡ
С㣬Ժ¸ô죿ƶǡ
뵽ϵ£е廨롣
߶ĸԸ޸ǼӣסŮֹѯʡ
ߵͷû
㲻Ըĸͬ㸸ȥ˵һĸڣزί
ĸԸ⡣̧ͷ
ԾԸ⣿ǾͬȢġ
㲻Ը˳ȥҲɥ֪ͬȢң˻̹Щ
̾Ϣ㴦Ϊ룬δ飬߶οԸ
ĸ߶СĽ֪ⱲӲܴߣΪ£Ҳȫˡ߹ĸ˵ʵ
ŮϧɵӣֻϣСеģĪҪ˷һĺǡ
ĸתص䣬ȴݵڴǰúһǴ˷Ů
ĻҶˣлл㴦Ϊ롣꿴
ҡҡͷֻǵΪ£Ӳл˶٣ٵ㲻ͬǵĻ£˻ǣҾԹԡ
ڳ˼Ƭ̣ҲձҪ뾩ȥŹأ֪ǺʱѰɾлޣԸңҽڴز㡣
ԾȥһҼžߵǰȥķ򣬾þûлֱҹ֮ʱջߣҹɫһ
ǰͼ΢΢һĨЦʲôۺԣĳŵܶԸȡ
㸮Ѱҽڣһ˰¶ûҵˣֻգǽͺ͸׵ʱգǲòڵ£תȥæˡ
ʱѾ˱Ź⡣
ӣһձǱŹأڴЪϢһٶذɡСһ߽õݸһѯʡ
ڰһɰ̧ͷӹȴеĺɰӸС壬ӵ
ӣǸ俤ĺɰҪӵС循ʡ
ںԥˡ
ǰȥƽȥ˸䣬Ѿоӣ˸Ƿ˵ǣԭУԭȷʵ˸ĻӶǨŭڸߡ
Ǹߣһ˵óȴԸⲻرɵ
ԭȷʵǺϲ䣬˸˵ʲôʲôδȥ˽־ǨŭߣȢ˸ȴ˺ܶŮ˽Ӧ뷽跨ĶԸͣͼܶظ䣬ԭΪ˸仵Ϊ񹲷ߵĶͽ˽ͺ͸ı֮¡
һԭĥʹ࣬һ㾡ܵİԭԸɵ֪ԭɱԭŭˣذȥҸ䣬Ϊԭ¶ץ
Ÿߵ°ͳҴûϲڣ֮ΪýڰҲ켺ƽô֮λƽ˴֮λΪˣûõļֵһ֮ˣǲŰۡ
Ǹ˵ʲôʲôҸȥ̫ŲɢǣȻ㣬ЩӲùɣҲǸģΪһ˰Լڳʲôˣ
ҲдĺôǰҵĴæ𣿼Ȼôڣˣұһȥ˵ظһԹżɣ
˸ߣзһѻ𣬶ųϢ˵߷ŻҪɱʱ˳ûмʱ뱻ڴС
Ҳ֣׷׳ߣǸ˳ͬ鰲οܺߡ
µƽӼ̳˻λ˹ƾݳĻ׹ݣҫ˽鹡
ԭ͸ų꣬˵
ӣС͵ƽҪӵ𣿡Сʡ
һ۵˦ȥҰӵ𣿡
ӱ𰡣С˲СƽǡСæƽ
֣ҡ
СЦĵ˹ȥ
ڽӹ͸ƽϵϣṦͻȥȢһҸ
лҪ˵ӵ˷סԺˣҽԺ֣ȸȺӳԺٲϣΪǸ⣬ͺҡ

263

Ź뱱Ľ, ꡢɽƽԭֲƶ, شﲩ, عϡϢԽǿ, ʼ״Ը֮£һǰҡ
ⳡս´һ֮ûδƽϢ, ¶˸һǰ͹Źؽ½Ӣ콫ʿԡѪս, ǲ׳ۿŹؽҪ, Ҫֱ빥, ߽ž㼰ʱϵ, , ס˱Źء
ڱŹĲǰ, űŹصĵͼ
ӣѾ˰ʱĵͼˣǽҪҪأСɫ, Ҫٲ, Ҫˣֻڹ¶ޡ
˵ͼһڵҪ, ڻʱ򡣡
ԭУŹؽҹһս£αŹҪƣžҲεսУŹصĿľҪӮս£žӡ
춼ˣӣʱصʱ򣿡Сʡ
δشƷеĲˮд˿˿ҪС
С壺
ʱ쳹׺ˣǵʱˡ
ˣСһãȻĿ˿ɫ鹫Ҫڲأ
ڵ
СϸƬ̺ӣˡ
С壬ȥ֪ͨңڹָ¡ڿҹɫһӰ
һ·бΪľǽҹս¡
С˵վˡ
һӺ󣬺СˣӣѾ֪ͨˡ
ãڸءվҹɫ֮С
塣
ӦϹ±ŹأȡžӪڣ¶˿˵źԾȣңΪλ
ҪǹƱŹأҼҪžҼ˵ˣ˫ȡ裬Դϲ
¶ԥˡ
ˣ˳ҼΪǸˣϣմԸû뵽˵С֮ˣˣհɣ
¶˱ŭˣ£ʱڵӡ
Ҽ˵ˣֻҪⱾ¡
ãǾơ¶˽顣
ߺ󣬿¶ȥм佫칲̴¡
Ӫ⣬ӰǱڰȿ¶뿪һǱӪˣǷ顣
Ӫء
ҩˡһʮͷӶҩӪʣҩ鰸ǰĸǰ
ž飬һ߶ҩһʣǱ߿춯
ûСҡͷְ︸ϵ鼮
žв֪ΪΣܾʲô鷢
̫ˣҪúϢȻҩЩЪϢűǡ
žҡҡͷУҵţŹǱĴţһƣΣӣΣӡ
ҲҪɼúϢ»˸ϸ
žֻҪúõģϹͷʲô˶٣ǰͦοĶӵεսƽʹؾǼϣԺھǰɡ
Ҫڱ߾פأżر߾ΨһĶӣô̰ͼֻؾȥأܾˡ
žĶӵ֣Тĵʹڱ߾
ڱ߾ʲô˼㲻ʡ
žҪ˵ʱʿһš
ţžɻĽӹһɫ䣬ʿǺ
ʿ²֪ü䵽Ӫϵģδˡ
ž۾
ףмɫæѯʣôˣ
žӣ˭Ҳ˯ˡ
վһɽϣһƬƻͨӪʣǰδе档
ҹĴ°ڴ죬ڵɫ£⿡ÿ
СһԣһĻһԼҹ˵Ĵ
ǵ˿׼׵лӿʡ
Сͷӷģ¾㱸
¾㱸ֻǷ硣򶫷֦֣¿ɳɡ
ʱչһɱžսǿı࣬Ҳռ
ɾ͵ս½뽺֮ʱžһͻȻŲµһʱ֮ɱʮɽʧء
תʽͱˣ·磬žû뵽µĽѱ䣬ŭһʱУ˿¶һ
ף򣬵˿¶˿׵ĵڶ簲죬ߡ
簲ĸסžҪߡ
ž˦ɽӵżر߾ݣҪڽ뿪
ף㰧󣬡ߣֵ
žҡͷߣΪ
׶ȥҡͷ
¶˵ǸӲҪãҹ˭Ҳ߲ˡ
䣬Ƭ̹ܾ֣ʿ
ߣΪ˵Ļؾǣһϣߣžһ߷ӧǹֵһ߳˺
£뿪ͬӵżٶļ꣬׵ײߣҲߣżҵӣ
žòУҪȰӣһ֧ĺ󱳣ʧڵء
״簲ȥǰסžɼԽԽ࣬ԽԽ٣ۿǾҪڼ֮£Ϣͷ㼸
ˣӪŻˡǧһ֮ͻȻ
¶תͷԼӪؿȥһƬ⣬󾪣ô£

ڿ¶֮ʱһֱ֧ʱǼѵǰûзӦٶǼؿڣ̫͵ĺ˼һĹ˵ϡ
˰ˣҳǰѱһŭȣ
ڶ֧ٶֱţѽض
֧֧֧֧׷׿׼ɱѾ
̼䣬еѾȫڰ֮¡
Ϊ˹ŵļҲͣ
žӻ˿ĹһӰ䵽˿¶˵ǰһĴ̽˿¶˵ؿڣ¶˵ɴ۾Ŀ
Ӫʱ٣ʧ룬ɢɳžӴŽʣһսתΪʤ
һ֮õıŹ֮ǽʤ
žתΪʤǰȭһݣлӢ۳Ǹһݡ
Ž𡣡ڷסӶˣҲˣΪӦ񡣡
žǰӢͦ꣬޵ᣬ书ǿѣĳʹӹգ
½ڡڱȭص
žȣӣ
ֻԭ̫竣Զڱ߾žġڵ־͵֪ݡ
ǰһ书ǣȹˮΣ֮Уа˿̬֮
ž̾ѣҲ
лҪ˵Ӧòдһղغա
ӵġϵͳ촩ղء
ң


274

Ҳڲǰ֪Ҿ, үҪ£Ǹ, ܺƤڸУ
˴ұűŹս³־ò, ΪЩ΢֮˭֪;е֪Ҫңźһ·ʶֵһӪ, ܷæ
ǰ竻ˣñѱ֮ˣЩѾ
Щ, ҪʴȣܰȰ֮, ΢ǿЩҪл֮£, Ϊ֮ݡ
Ҽҹ, Զ
žӪ, ߵ˵
žѪ, ʱǰӰߴ, ǶԣΪľ֮˱㶼ǺжǵСʲô
Ӣ۲ʳ, ˫ȫ, ûӵгͷصһ졣
û˴νӽ˱Ź֮ΣһʵϡžҲ
ڱȭһ, лٽ񰮡
Ӳض񣬴˴ζ˹ӣǸӶҪսϣŹҲʧΪ빦Ӧõģֻǲ֪ǺҪǸأžʡ
ŭԱŹΪս֮ȡǸ˼ɶ֮
һٽǣѿ˵Ŀģٽ룬ʲô쳣֮£Ҳ֪ܵݡ
쳣֮£˼һŲȷĿڣһǰӸߺǰݣʱߺʱǹŹ֡
ʣθŹַ
𾪡ҵʱôˣ˵ҳһˡ
žȻΪûиΪ
أС·Ÿף
žɫأС£֪ǸЩɥŹأΪҲˣ㡭
ôˣ㿴Ÿףܾøʲô
žһԵĽһۣżҵĶӣܳ¡
ǻװʲôҲ֪ʡ
žҲûͷ˴εĻ±Ǵ֮ġ
֮żҺθɣߵżر߾Ӳ˭֮ΪҪǣǣ
ϸ㣬Ȼȥ̫ƣ˵̫ʥϣҲʥ֮ʱ
ѹżúõշȴҪ֮ԭˡ
ֻԭУȻжûԸ̳лλǰװ׸ƽ˼¡
žӣΪⳡ֮שߣؽƷһԺ󾩳Ҫˡ
ʧˣߺ֪󣬺ŭ岻Ǻ𣿾ôװˣ
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ļӣǽ˹ߺŭʡ
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ǰЩҪžű߾аȾ˯˵žĶʤǸ˫ȫɣżҺˣҲܷˡʵ۵
ָūּ˻ŽĹӣ˵ѵõĽţŽúر߾ΪϷǡ
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ָͷǰ
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һ֮飬Ӧʡ
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ģڱ໤
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ϣɱ˽
ٲտ
㿴öˣս½һҪѧϰ
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žĪ׷
ѾԶȥֻǰһƬﳾ
ģĩȥٽ׷ڴŲ¸ȥ
ֻǽȥһ㱻ݶľһƬأ࣬㼰ȫ֮Уݶľϣżڸϵ֮ʱĲȫ֮УҲһΣ
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žһڵļ׼ȷĵݶľǵļ
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ڼأ㼴֮ʱǰק˳
ǰŽڿݵ֮ڣ˭˽һ֣ػؾʮ֡
лҪ˵Ŷ

285

㱻˻, ȴڴ˰֮ãΪݶľǵļж, , θΣ
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һȺߺˤ˱յôԶ·ôɳȥȻƽ˾ǣȺã
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ûТƫĵ̫ţǹӦ߰ˡ
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ߵܻܿҲԶ֮ˡ
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лҪ˵

296

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ʵͷˣһλ
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ʵۼ, ͦθߴ, ȴһҪ˵ȴͻȻ̧ͷ, һϤӡ͵ľסǣ
˼ʵɫ𾪣Ҳ׷ɨ㣬ĳʱܾȣ㳤ȥõ̫ӣҪսϽ£Լ档
μϡþδʵ۳ֻٴ
ʵۻعЦȻǻȮӣãֽһţͣ
һ̡
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ʵü͸ˣ
͸Ҿʤ֮ˡ
ʵۺʣŶˣ
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ڣ
˽Կڲļ
ҲһָŵĽ죬ǱӰȷʵЩҳߵӡ
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ڣǸڣʵۿŽʡ
ڻصػϣǵġ
ѣڶ
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л¡ںذݵ
˽һֱڻʵۣǻʵ۵ϾȻΪͳ죬裬ѵӸȢƽĿһңѵ⽫ƽΪ
Ա˼ڰԴĦʥ⡣
ʵ۳˷žӺͽ⣬žµı;ٵǵפؾһƬ
ɢ󣬻ʵۻټžӡ
ڱԱΧŹأ˵ûѰŻᣬֱҹɢȥǰϲڶ㣿
ڱȭһݣү
һүͷһŽڵҲˣһ˺ܶɣ
ʵֱΪҲࡣڵ
οͷãǽĺӣҽķɣߣΪؼңĸϻ߶㣬ҪǼһܸˡ
ûоܾ
ڶĸûΰɣĻˣµĶӣۿˡ
ǰһңһˡ
㵱һľˣøĸң⺢ӣŶ͸ܵ߾ȥǵضΣհǳҪĸ𣿡
˵ʮ꣬ôͲ֪ĸʡأ
ĸҲҹҲ룬Կ㵹ãȥôŶҲ
߶߶˵ͣ
ͷˣڶŸջㆪ¸ͣģ
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۽ǵ˵˲˵ˣͺãͺá
ĸǼžˣȥƲˣһ˺úøףһ¡޵Ҫװһܸ˵˵
ֱͷãǵúúףףǼڶսˣΪǽҳˡ
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Ǳߣǵ׼κǣֻӣֻΪá
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ˡ
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307

תǰعȥ, Сɰãǰ㶯˵Ůʡ
ͦõġߵͷŽ, ȽڽϿĻҪ, ˲ȣȳμʱЩźǣ΢΢ϧ, Ϊˣ֪, ⾰಻ףһ·, ʶһؾ, Ҹм
뿪ʱµĳŵ, ʱ̼ͷ, ܳͷ, Ȣ, ֻû뵽ҵ뿪ô˺ģұػᲹ㡣ϵ
иж, ҴδЩ, ԹӲδˣҺúõһֱڵ, ƽʲôҪ
С֮飬ģٵȼգҰ׵һУӭȢڴóһƴĽеݸǸ
߽ӹ򿪣һֻͨףů׵Ĺ󣬳ɫãЦӵҺϲ
ϲãżȻõʯ˴ƣ֣һ޶
һֻڲȻһ֣һۣһء
ˣÿմţáھʼЩ
ߵͷáպãһɰ
ڽӹϵ䣬Ȼһۣ˵˾ңԾȥ
ߵǰڵҹɫǸ۶ҸЦ⡣
ջϵټСү˷ͣ
գǰѰڣʡ
ҡͷֻһЩҳҵˣͻϵ˵ҹʱֲŻظҲ֪˵ʲôҵ˶࣬ǷʲôصƵģҲ˵ֱЦЦˡ
ŶתתǺү˵ʱر߾
˵ѵգҪ˵վ߶У⾩ǹĶǵģʺҵϰ֮ˣǱ߾ңڡ
ȻˣСү簲Ķգ⾩ҲȫȻǹĶǣҲкȤ֮£뵱һʱ
סоҿɲȤĻ
ЦŵͷСү˵ǣ⼸Сүȭš
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Ц⻰Ҳ˵ġ
Բѡ
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лҪ˵ϲĵģղһô

318

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񣬡˺, Ӻá
˵˵ͷ, һ񣺡Сá
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һʱɥĸֲܳŮ³ҲһͼԵﾡ֣ҲκΪͷ
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ͷ͵һҪھܾعͷĸôֹУƤӱûش𣿲ͬŻµģֻǲ֪˺Σ
СЩǲЩԸ
ȴӵСͦõģЩҲ޷ȢؼҲͺˡ
ԶԣǣŮڳǰΪ˱ֺõΣʳ˼޺ͲؿˣЩʱձˡ丽͵
˱ϲ¾Ͷ°ɣպգӾͶһգΣ
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ǰСߣҪˣ˵Ự˽һ
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ƽĿҶһԣ
η壬С˵òƽʲôأС㲻ļպҪҵţʱӾΣ
޳ܵСˡˡ
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ʧףϺ͸估ȴժ˸ɾȻöơ
Ը˵˹ȥɣСˡ
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ӴӵҪȥڣһһ˸ˣǰСˣǻòͷ𣿡
ͳ죬ҺġСѾףպͳףѾҵˣҡҡͰ͵Ľ͡
ڲ˵꣬еķκݺݳȥ
ʹ˺ѷεĴ
ŭҵҲҷצӣ˵꣬ס֣δ˹ȥ
ʹЩû˹ȥ
ƽԼ˺ܿˣ˼ӱڰţŵû궼ҪûˣͳʲôſҶ
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ʹõȥ
˼һ˹ȥҵ㲻Ҫﰡ
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˺£ڶŸ䣬һֲ߻ĺϷȴҷ˺£
ɫһ䣬æͣûУĲ֪ڣˡ˵ţᣬòί
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ڿϷʣ˵£˵ǻһġ
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329

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С㹴ҶӡͷһƱ
ЦˣСΪҪӣ
, ޲ȥҶȢ, ֪ܹҶʢ˵
̲סǰ⣬û, ǿҪΪ, Ҳͬ, Ҫס
ӴС, С, ôҵ㹴ҶӣҶȢ㣬͵ߵڰ, ˵˵أ˳
, Ҫ˵˵˵С˸Ȣ
û, ͳԼѵ𣿡Ц
ǹһĨڽ˭˵С㣿
һ֮ʲôôԵ飬ѵҪ˭˵𣿡Ц
̾Ϣһҵȷʵ뿪˾ǣƽ̶СĻ£С㣬̸С޲ȥһ˵
һ˵ʲô
սģ㲻˵Щѻƭң˭Ҳɵӡ
˰ҲŽڵĻҪǽƽ̶˻£ƽͿôϢɸΪ檣һǽΪ˰ʱ˵Ļԡ
ڿһǲǻ֪
˳Žڵ߿ȥӷų˹æ
ĸ߼ĸ̲סίۿһ죬ᡣ
Լ۰мӵŮίģ۲ѣɨһۣеĹڵϣһ죬ô£
ȻʹˣӲʣ˵ʮ㣬һȽ˶һ
رƽе˶ǿȵ۴͵ģϴ´֮ȨóվȻΪ˸˳кǲýдͷ
ǰĸġ
˵ָ
ɫǲÿֻõͷ˿ˡ
˿ĭĸձǸС˵£˭֪˵ССᡭ
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Ҫڣһ۵˦ȥ˺
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үҲģһʱˣĻԺһС㵱׹Ůһ۰
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һԲҳĸ䡺͸æĸһΰɡ
ǽҵˣӦٲ֮£һżȥûΪĴ׼ٻƽŸ
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䡳˼Ƭ̣ȭһġ
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лҪ˵ʱ䣬һ˵ĺģϲĿղء
Ů뷴HEˡߣ䲻Ѽ
ڻҸϵͳĵ˾±ӵһһиڻҷḻǿмϷ
˾ֻϵЩһɱ̸
磬㵱ķɣҵҵ㡣ǻֻҪ뱻˻ס
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кСӽ˾¶ǽǣ
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˫1v1HE

3310

ĸصԺ, ˽ĵĿŮΪҲĸˡ
ʧ, Ψһ־
ı±, ĸ˭Ҳ˲㣬οڻδ㣬͸ˡ
ĸ, ͻ֮ô£߿һȥʵ
ĸԭҲ֪飬ұ, ҪͽӴͻ飬ĸ֪˴ͻּ, ҪӭȢ㡣
־ϲ
ֵ߶۹û, ڿΪּͻ, ˵, ҪǼ޸, Կġ
ٵɾ, ĸҲܷˡ
߶лĸһֱ۰߶һᱨĸĶ飬úТ˳ϡ߷ϵ
Цŵͷ, , ĸ㡣
ҪŮܻТ˵Ůڷҹüá뵽ʲôֵǵҪ޵, Ϊ沣óΪɩв죬㲻ƣ߶ҪСġ
Ҫǽܰöã
΢šüתĸģнڣỤŮġ
Ϣһ£ƶ㴫ȥ˭ҲҪҡ߻صԼԺӱ㳯ƶԸ˰գʵۻˣúþһ
ƶӦ¹ųȥˡ
̿ӣͷ䣬һ̧ͷһͦεӰվڴǰʶһ˺ǹ ӡ
ԹѰˣĻӣѵã
С˾ţǽڵĲǣԭôͻּ⣬Сĳޣû뵽£ΪҵĹʧЩɴڿǸֵ
Ķǳû뵽ôͻ֣ԭɫ뿪Ϊ˱ߣΪˣܻȫû뵽Щ£ˡ
ҡҡͷֹӣҲΪ룬³⣬˭ҲģΣʱ̾ңҸм֣Ҵδֹӣ빫Ҫ𡣡
СԽڵģڴ㡣
ҽ̲ϣдΪְּ֮⣬ְλΪۣûؾ
ϿϿ֪ˣٸһλᣬϡ
ٷȥԶԶصõľս
ʵɨ˵йԱһۣӽ£Ҿ˷ƽջ̫ʴ˵㣬˭ݼҾˣ޾ġ
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󣬻ʵֵټƽ˽¼棬ûڳû֪ʵ۶ƽ˵ʲôƽɫʵ۱ǳ˽³ȵҪõö࣬ҴҲʹ˽ҹˡ
ƽΪ˰ãΪƽ͸Ϊ˴£ÿÿ뵽¶ῪЦƽ͸Ǵ
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ʲôԣѵ˵ˣҲǽĴϣûˡ߿
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үްġڰ
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ȻѹͲں͸׼£ǸͼŮƾʲôܼ޸ͳ죿Ǹ˳ɫżɽֵʥ϶裬Ӣ³˾йŮĽĶ󣬿Ǳ˰Ҫ޸ġ
ҲǸ˾ῴǵС˼˱յȻӲʣ㲻˲ͣ⸮ʱӺ˵
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ͶϱѾ޽ǽңȴȥݺãƽˣֻƽͻң˲֪ϱЩ£֪ġ
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ĸ˵Щȥú룬˺ϱ˵ҪǶµģ֪
һǰܵ߳Ժӣзﲻѣĸ׵˼ҪһڽңǽĶӣһ޹ְ޹ͣʱһػᱻȡ֮ܲģƣ޷ı䣬úò
ָֻǴŮˣȻͬƽǴȥߣ˲ɷ˷˱Լܻʧ˹ܼȨĸû˹ܼȨĸ׶Խڵӣ͸ǻҪӱ
ΪǸӦЩֶκӣûϵһһûлϺȣȢ䡣
֪ûаûعܼȨԹֽãС¶첻ãҲܺڵ˽ڸļ޽ͣҪûиı£ھɷ
ǸĶһŹߣ˽ңжķ
лҪ˵һ˲ףϣ֧һ¡
¹Ӳˡby:Tobey
˶Ůãܼ޸ǰƽлСү
ԭҲġ
ֱɢĽؾ֪Լƶ
Ľҡֱϣ˺֮ķȴѽƹ֮ʱҪȥʡ
ػһ᰻ص˳׵ա
һڣ͵棬һֽ飬¹ˣ
ֻûϵǰйһ֮Եġѽһǡ
˵ߣ֪ļҵĸŹŮұС
ֱĳһգƼһλСǽǣֺã黰ٰ㡣
λС׸˵Ů

3411

ں͸ߵĻú¡, ȵʱͺ͸Ĳ, ȴȼ, ˶ƹƽһҲûӡ
֮ϯžλȨصﵽƽΪ׵Ļ׹дԹ׷׶, ⳡޱȵɡ
һʱ䣬߳˾ŮĽĶ
ϯֶϲ죬˶Цף, ֻнͺ͸ЩϹ㣬Ǽ򵥳ھӲϯ, кǲãÿ, ϲ̨棿ǿˡ
һȢһŮ, Ūô𣿡˴, ûһ, ԽԽ, ȽͻݺҲ̲סŭй
ҲҲϯ, ҪҲ, ض˿ʵǿŵɢϯŻҲһӵĻ, ĸ̧ǰˡ
㸸ĸǸµڵ˻ʶ͹һȥҡβֺãɾǽȥֺΣʼղǽڵĸԺɻڴˣҲһ
ȥֺһˣúӣأѾ׵ԺȥˣֻǸӣͰͣ㲻ֵʮٻĸͷý˼ҵһţ磡
ŭ޳ױ˳ۣקȭͷҴûǹЩһ죬һᱨ˳𣬶ҵһС
˰ɣ䷭˸ۣͣˣǸƫĵĸĸһڽƨɺҡβֺðɣ
ȭͷקø볯ҷϣңƽĿƽɽ˸䣬ƽһŹҲʧƽ͸ˡ
ѹŭߵˣûʲô£۹ãȢ˿ΪޣһҲȲҵġ
䷢йһͨɢ˴룬͵Ļˣб˽һ۵ǵȻֻһ¼Ůαȵù
ûһͷ˿ȲҲֻнڿȢԵôȢһһǴŮͼĻãƽĿݸ߹󣬲Ż޶ˣȢһҡ
ˣ˵ЩҿģЩҵɷбƽڣýڲȵͷȥ
һϲڵĸл񰮡
סԺӿһۣԲʹ죬Ǳ˴˿һں͸ǸӶڸߴ࣬һĽǱ˸Сˡ
ںȵðص·Ǵȥ˸ͷ¼ͬϵһ㣬ȴŵקСȭͷ̾ϢһЩ˵˰޻Щʣڿɻ£
߾ȵĿ֪£ѵǰһжΪٺһжҡҡͷˡ
ˣǰЪɡ
ߵͷҪһѱߵ˴ߣĻһģ¡һߺ졣
֮ʱպȼߴ˯תѣǶԻð̵ĺ뵽ҹڵ۰һۣŽӵڻеӣپʣÿˡ
ɵָüۣޱȸдû뵽ܳΪޣõĳ谮Ըɣ޺ˡ
תѣδ۾ֻü۵С֣ڴǣ磬˯
ˣ밲߱СշƣæСԴ˽ڵ
һӵסߣСèһߣ˳ķҹѴкЩԣ˯ˡ
Ļնʱ͸ˣߵòУҪҲˡ
ⶼˣϱĻûĸ밲䲻Ŀˡ
С˵Żͣ˵ʱǵڶղŹ밲ġ
һһףɶϱǸȾ˷纮ǰ˸ĸ˵ˣҲ¸ĸѵȣҲ˵һ
ڶҹ˵ջЩ밲Ÿ
ƿԣɫǲÿ
ûиȾ纮˶ȣ²ŽȾ˷纮û밲
ȻҲ֪һֵǧ»޻ֻԹڹǰĲ磬û뵽ȻϾǰĸк
жȻ֪ǰڵֻһˣȴ˸ߣβʣ
ͼ״æԲĸʲôҷԸȥ
ɩ˵
ʱں͸߱ˣ˳񣬵һ⣬Ÿȵ˵Ż俴Ǹĺ⼰һĺ۶ǶʻȴŲҷ
߻ź͵ûعְ͸߶֣Ըߴػø伵ʵҪ裬ʱʲôҲһߣȡж
ǰǵӷҲǼõģÿÿȤĶͰȥӷˣһӷ˲ˣҹǽȥƽҩѲҹ˷֣Щ˴ˡ
ӻΪӷ˺˴ܣ˵ӷˣ˭۸ӷˣŹ
ۣӺó飬ڴӶԴãҲΪӷ𣿡
϶ǰӵòӷˣֻ˶ΣѶӷ˵һתͶ˴ϣ˵ˣ˾ӷ˵Ʒˡ
߳Ժӵĸ߽ǵĻ˶Уеӣתӣһնδš
ֵظһѾ÷ڵΨ߲ڣʣ߶ôû
Ҫȴȣ粻֪ź󡭡ɩδţĸȥ÷Ҳĸôһء
ÿӷ˽һΪɩҪ߸ϳȥ
߶ֻӲʣû˵ôš
վĸȥ
ȥɣ߶ʲô˵һóȥƵ
лתȥ
޵ҧҲ˵ӲʷҲԾͻˡ
ڻصԺӣֱԷڴϣƶһǵĿƼ˿ӣˣ
ƶ¡ߴƶĻ
˻ƣ۵ǰˣɤôˣ
޷̰죬ĸǶ˼տ⴮ϻˡ߿
ʣƣ
һСë򣿡
ֺ֣̣Ͻ̽ĶͷҲ̵Сȥ򣡡
лҪ˵̫ˣҶֵʱֶҪˣӡ

3512

С˴, еˣ֪˲, Ҹһ, ˮδѣڵԺѯʸߵ
ڶ, ߶ˣҽ뿪æŶӹʡ
ڵ˵߶ֻּŵ¼Ը, Ѿҩȸ¾ͺ, лĸġ
ң߶˵Զ, Ӧý, Ųһա
ϱż޽Ҽվί, ҪǴȥ˴ļǣ
ڰĸ, ߶Ҳǲʦ, ߻룬ǰƽʱŰʹΪҲܰȥ, ûиˡ
⺢, Ҳ֪˶ίΪˡ۲ѡ
Ըߵ̬Ⱦ֪ƽ˼, һŮܳжѣûʲô֣֮ϱһͬʡ
ֻǺúõģ߶ôἱģʡ
ҡҡͷҩ˯ˣһûüʡ
һԵƶֹ
ʣƶǲ֪ʲô
ӣ˲ū˵ū澲˵ƶ俴һۣص
ڵ㵫˵޷㵣űǡ
ƶͨȥӣ˱Ҫȥ˵ģ˭֪ߵԺſ۴Ӻӷˡ
ڶšü
ʣ˵ʲô
ƶ㽫˵Щһֲ˵˳ЩȻʲôҲû˵ū֪һˣⲻ쵽ʱ־ͷ˸ȣū˵Ҫȥ򣬷Ҳã˵Ǹռ޽̫飬лôΪѡ
̿
ɫҲǲãдƽնԴ̫ʴ𣿾û𱰣·ڱӵӣ
˵ſߣҵҪ˭ô͸ڱӣڶĸһ߶һ
ȿȿȡߣ䴫߿Ե
̧䣬Ҫæǰű𣿡
öˡ߼һĨЦ
ڷ·ʪˣæԸƶȥˮԡЩˮԡܺ
ǡƶתˡ
߸млл
ҵӣչҵκСºαл˲˵Ժøģҽڵô˲򣿴ȥǻЦܣŭ
߼Ҳ鷳ңĪԺҶľǡ
ûֻ㡣סѾǷˣʲô¶ҪһеŶԣʲôһţΪԿ
ߴͷȥ
ڽͷ̧ǲǲң
ûСæҡͷ
ڵУ˼лͼĲˣɼ㽫˵Ļ棬ǵĻҶ⡣
Ҷòϲ㣬ǰ㵱˸
סôĽھȻ֪
ûȷʵǱǼ˵Ļˣڰں͸һʱµϰߣǰԸĺĽ˵ˣ˭ǸزŹƽ֮ϣ˵ͬĻ˵öԣڶԸþò˶Ȣ˸Ʒ
ڿɫ֪˵ˣסļֱߣţǰȷʵϲ䣬Դ޸һҶĸͶˡ
뿪ǰ꣬еֻǶĳŵܶЩڵ˵£˶㣬û˿ҲҪŻΪһҡ
ԭҲ˵ʲôŵԣϰж֤һУȻ˲ΣҽͰѻ˵ףҽڴֻҪһŮˣҲֻһŮˣԵٺҲٶ࿴һۣԺ󲻹ƶǸԸִ֮ϣΥԣ
˵ˡס죬ֹĻжúۿˣҲˣԺ󲻻ٺ˼룬ҲãģΨһر
Ϊȥ۽ǵ飬ֻҪ֪һ㣬ҵĺСֻװһˣʲôҲùܣúõıҳŰžǡ
ãҶġ߹Ӧ£С
ƶ̧ˮøȥԡԼȥԺӡ
ڶãǼѾҳˣĸ׼ȥδã
ɨһ۹ڵϵļˣһ䣬ͷӳȥɡ
ͷһͷǲ̫Щ
ūҲҺˣū澰ɣǼ˰ͷĵ죬
δ棬С彫˴ȥͷҹӳȥ
ĸеټѵڶ
ͷȥ
ʱ˶ۼǰԺŵɪɪǼ˱ͷӳ֮˵ˣΨܵǣͷҲҳ
ɨ˴һۣڣڶʲôֱ˵ǡ
лĸתǵ˸ڱ˵Ѿϳˣ˺˭ٸڱ۴ˣǼ˱ǵ³
ɪӦūţū澣ҡ
ٵͺúõҪʹǣҲ˭ˣֻҪǳҾġ
˶
ӵ˼ҵ˼հǡ
ǣ
һеĸͶˣһڣȻΪ˸ǸʦڣģΪʲôôͱģԸģһǸСʲôֶι˽ڣý
˲ҪʹѵѾµǼڱ˵л˴ĻܵģǼʲôҲû˵ڲ֪
֪ҲҲ£˵Ķʵ߾
ɢȥЪϢʣڶǾǼʹ𣿡
ĸ룬ʹǼҵԺſ˵лǹ˵߶߶ġû
ͷûڶû˭ʹģ
һû˵
ɫ˼Ƭ̱ʹ˵˭ˣ̾ϢһĲе˱ûж٣ʲôռš
ĸ߶ȥסڵ
ͷһæڶôأ
лҪ˵

3613

Ȱ˽һ, ֤øίýʱ˰ȥסͷ
, Ҹ̸һλ, Ҳ֪Ը˵ʲô䰲࣬ûŰżҸߡ
ڽںĹػչ, ߵĲܿˣÿմŸϤӵҲóʵ
ֹһ, žּ뾩
ףúһر߾ɣٱ֮ʱ, ûз˵ס
žҡҡͷǻϵ˼, , ͺúõĴھ, Ϥ, мǲԺ, ǡ
ֻҪЩ˲ңұزǷǡ
ž֪ӵӣҲ˵, һԵĽڵͳ汾տ
үġӦ¡
žʮ뿪, ȣò뿪˶һ, ﳾȥ
һҪչ˺Լ壬̫ͣǵðʱҩʲô¸Ҵţ洫浽׷ȥ׺
Ҳ֪Ļž٣žûͣܿʧС
ǰȰСүģүһչ˺ԼģǷǶ࣬뿪Ǻ¡
֪븸״δֿηֱǽġ
ЦԭΪСүǸĺӣҲ㸾֮ʵʱ򡣡
СүٺҲˣҲЩ˼
ЦŵͷԶԡ
ڣȻЦңСүһȭҪڡ
Ⱦܣң׷˵
٣ˣСү㲻ϱϲвű׷ȥ
׷Ҹϣһ·Ż˾ǣ˸׼غȲ裬ʱõʵͽ빬ҲȲˣ˹
㣨ڣμϡͽһͬ鷿˻ʵۡ
ʵ۳֣ λƽ
лһּ
㣬ھпɻӦʵۿ͸ϲͳ谮
ҡͷ߾ڣ£Ƿζġ
£ؾǣӦཻܶӦǡʵЦ
һɫϲӦֻ꣬䵶ŪǹЧҡ
ʵԴЦȻ㸸ԣǸֱڿ죬ûгǸӡ˶٣Ȼӹ÷ζģ޾͸ЩΣ
ֱԾܾƽ˵ˣıҲ̬⣬⾩Ǿǹϵ̫ӣǣһȫܶʱܷҪ
ʣϣҪҰʲô£
ǰգӥܽͷĸҪ뾩꣬޻δҵʵѡλãȥȱΣʵʡ
һϣҪóӥĽͷ
Ҳǳһ
㲻ϲ赶Ūǹȥѵȥӹ÷ζġ
æлл¡
ʵֿڣڻϰߣ
ػϣϰߡڻص
λͳ쵹鷳ʹ˼ΰϢ˻ڿͲñ߲źá
ʵ۵ͷĽ޴δɹ
ʵ۵Ļ֮⣬˵ǰоһڨЦ
ջͳϸأҪ͸׻磬һʱҲزȻѾϤ˻ͳһְݴɡʵٵ
𾪣ʵ۲ֹӹӥӹܻʲô˵Ҳ֪ˣһۣлʶ
鷿󣬽þòƽ㵹ûûΣ ǻ϶ңģ˵ɣ²û¸ˡ
϶СүмӣϲСүˡڹص
ڰ֣ɶزأϾ°ˡ
ڿЦãѵ֪ӥܽͷǶҪλȻûֻھû¸ǣ
󾩾а˽ӥ
ڹ⹬ӥǻǣ󾩾ϱǵİΣ
ǰͳƽˣͳƿأӥܽͷ̫ӵĸֻ̫˽ºƽߵü
ԭУӥܽͷĸײʱģӥͽƽƿţ֮ԭƽܳɹô֮λ
ʵ֪Ѿʼˣ룬ӥܽͷĸͳĸǻʵڰֽţʵ۵Ŀľ뽫ƿС
ֻı䶯ֻƾеƽ⣬رһᰴͲסֵġ
ʲôϽΪͳˣӹӥߺ֪Ϣ󣬾ô
ӣǧȷ鶼Ѿ
ߺҧ̫ӥ䵽ƽУƽ⣬Ϊθƽ˴£ûһ֣˭֪һתϾͽĻ
ͽһϵƣӥһˣû˳룬Ƕ
ˣϽ
ƽ֪Ϣ󣬲ǣ˻ˡ
䡵ں㽻ãӥһңɽˣȢƽŮһƽһ֮˴δ֮Ӯˡ
ţЩҪ߶ԣ˽ڣ˴¡ƽ
Ůʲô׵в֪ϾбֻҪʲô̫֮£ȥܣβͬŮ޵ŮҪǿŮΪƽĽòŮһЩ
䡵ͷӦ£ȥŸ䡣
ϢĸõҪǸŮȵͷҫʹ粻֪ʲôӣҪǸǼţ
ĸֻǸŮϤ񣬻ȥμӸᣬǰ׶ϱ׵һԣˣʹ绹Ҫ̣Ҫ̳ڹ겻ɣ
ڴûأƽ̣Դˣ˴ӣȥԿǣ¶鵣ǵ
ȭǾȥģҸұ֤лңԸǰòΪϷҿˡ
¶죬ʲôҲû˵
ѽڶӲ˶ĸ߶ģף١
һظ㱻˲ǰһζȣЦлĸ߶Ҳˣ
Ҹĸ֡Ц
߶в˵ĹһЩеøСһ£⿴Ŷܶһ뷹
ȷʵÿˡŸЦȻһЩ
һʹ죬ʲôҲû˵
һԷһֱڼвˣʵôͻȻΪͳ죿
ԭͳ츸ײأҪͻؼȥʱӹܡʵ
ġ
ҪԭͳǲǼͳһְͲ֪֮£ʡ
һǻزˣҪĻҲɲ¡
زΪλزɻʡ
Ŀ˽һۣѾؾһˣôٳض
˽һۣСײž͵Т˷ǣҲӦеӦְ֮
ŶһҪʵʲô俴ǳóȻˡ
ŻţͻȻŻ
лҪ˵

3714

߶, ôˣһ߸ıһ߹ʡ
ָոҳһ㣬ú, Щθ
𣿡ڼһ, òȣͦõİ
ҲԣҲȰ, ߶ǲǽˣθڲã
ǰɡסؿ, Ƶúܡ
ڵǾͱˣĺⲻ, һ⡣
塭Ż߸᲻ζθһӿ
æп
߽, ʵ̲ס, ɩⲡһ, Ҳý, ҲԲҲԲ, 㰡ⰡҳžͦãĸҲû˵壬ҪǾĸòζ, ֱ˵, ǵƸô
ҲǰĸһӲ˸ףô
ɫҲЩÿ, ʲôҲû˵
ûСҡͷܣŵվ͵ĸ߶ûоĲ˲óԡ
ȵû£
ֳڽͣҡ
ף㲻ý͡סְҪǸװţ߾¡
ߺܸмǲ̫ܡ
䲢ŹߣſӰķ̵⹬ﶼûɩ죬ҲܳҲܳԣҲǸĸ˺ƣ˼ҵĹţݵôɩ񣿡
ǰҲǽԶϱ˼ˣ֪ǡҲ
һͨ죬һżθ﷭ڵø̲סתͷ۵һ˳
ȻһһָŸȻСģϲ̨棬Ҫƽˡ
˵һԣæ˹
ҪһͷһѣΣһڣһȥ
߶ֿķסſںŵĺСȥ򡣡
ſڱǣЦ֪˴װΣ˲𰡣
ڹ˲䣬æѸ߱һԵƫȴ
˽ˣҲȥó׼
ͷסȷЪɡ
˵ͷ˲
ʱˣ͸Ҳƫ
ҷôˣڽʡ
ߺЦŻصϲˣϲˡ
ʲô𾪲ѡ
ԭУ߲ûлУԸոûȥ룬ûϵôˣ⡣
͸ҲǾסǾϲû뵽ں͸߲ų¾ͺϢˡ
Ǿţͽͳ׿һ˻ûУ߲ż޽¾ˣ˶ҪøȽϵģҸ˺ӣǸòȵͷȥ
ڶɵˣ߶ԺȥţĸȥЩ嵭̲ĸ߶УӦ󣬱ǳԲЩؿζġ
ڻعæӦ£һѱȥ
Ҷæȥˣ¸ЩеӶˣߣҵһУ
˵ʲôˣ˵е£ϲѡ
ڵͷǣ㻳ˡ
ҡҡҡЩ޴룬ˣȻôͻˣкˣҪĸˣ
ס֣ţҲ£һҡ
Ҳ֪һˣҸոճԷʱ£ĸһҡ 
ҡͷᣬ㻳˸ĸܸˣҲܿƵģǲ㡣
桢𣿡߰Űɣ㻳ҲڳԷʱһذ̫ˡ
ЦҺʱ㣿ոոûأĸʱڳóԵġ
Һεºܵøĸ˺񰮣ⲻɷ𣿡߻ֵ̿
֣ҽڵӣܵһз㶼ȨܣԺ˵ԼĻһҪԼԼٿҲá
Ҽסˣĵ˵ͷ
еϢܿʹ˳ȥϣ˶øȽϣ˵ȼ޽ȴø߽ȵǻ˺ӣ׻˵³ɣߺܿڽվȽŸ㲻øƹܸΪĸ
ЩлЩûһҲȤƽ̫ԶˣǵӼҲ޶࣬ЩҲҲùܼȨ䵽С
һļˣƾʲôԽȥΪҵĵĸ
˸е־ֻҪ߸еĺûˣܰһ֡
һԵ¶鱳һ䣬̲ס˸ս
俴¶飬粻˵С߰ˣȥһ£ʱõˡ
ǡǣ¶Щ
ں¶ȥһˣ˰ʱŻصźˡ
ãǱ͵ſϷˡЦ
ȡ˵İ̥ҩ
æµòɿ̥߰ҩӿǰŮһۣɻʣƽղƶȡ𣿽ô¶㣿
ˣƶڷźţȡ¶ص
ƶһǸߵѾͷֻƶǸȥµˣ¶Ǻɵźģϰƶֻ¶ЩĻơ
Ҳ֪һ̥ë࣬û⣬ҩװʳϽ¶
¶û˵ѣȷʵƶȥȡҩҩԺӣƶȻصȥ
ʱﴫߺʹʱƶŻŵı˼ѪԺ˺˼ˣȥ򡣡
¶æǰѯʣƶ˺úõôˣ
Ҳ֪˺˰̥ҩ˯ˣûһ˵ʹ
ƶҺʹʱִߵĺ
ƶ˲¶˵תܽ
¶һû֮ʱԺӣһɽȥˣѧ˼Уʱ¶Ӽɽ˳
¶߿°ˡ
˲ɣ¶鲻ʡ
¶һŵҩɫζˮܶĴ򶼲鲻û˻ɵϣ¶ĺˡ
𣿡ʱƾһ
¶¶һתͷȥڰ߳һ¹£ϳˣǽߵĺС壬˾ɫ䡣
¶¶鱻Сץ˴򸾣ԼͶڣ˹ڵأɪɪ
дƤӵ£ǾȻֶ֮£ˡŭ
¶һۣʽͣ¶鲻˵Ѿͷ𣿡
¶ȷʵѾͷұ֤һ֪
б˽һۣҡҡͷ˵⻰˻𣿡
лҪ˵Ŷ

3815

˵ö, һΪ뿤޹, ҿô۵ͷ, Ҫ￤ģʲô֪¶齫һжԼϡ
ƣ˵ûɡ
Ҫ, ȵ¶أ
¶ʶǺý, ֻΪ˰¶Ҳ
Ǵģ֪סһ, Ը¶еҲѸг
ڵ¶, ˲ûзð̥ҩ, ƽ, ˵ʵ, ҿһ, Ҫ£ֻһ
¶ͷһ£߲ûзð̥ҩ, ԭһжǽľ, ֵġ
ˣ¶Ѱ˵Ҫ˸߸֮ӣҪհ, ź򣬸øߵûᣬ˭֪ƶͻȻȥȡ̥ҩΪѵãҲûֻ֣֪ǵ˽߳ľС
ߺͺû£ֻıδ죬ﲻҪ̹һУ౻ϳȥˡ
뵽⣬ʵˣǿݲô˸еĺӣ¶鴫ŸңʵƽӰڴߵˡ
˻һ¶̯ڵء
žž죬ϢĸһģЩԵڵء
͵֪ҵĸ˴£ʮĸˣһֱţţǺңңң޻˵ʹӷ˺޶ʵѽܣȻӺӷݲǷޣ뿪ǣٲǵۡ
˵ֹ꣬س򸾵лĸǰңֻӣǹµһˣϣеһɷ׵Σҵ޶ҲļңǿֻҰ˺ӷ˶޶֮£Ҳ׷͵ǵµĴ󣬴˺Ƿ
ڶȰȴ˵һ仰ϴθʹū澴лø߲أӾҪߣǿнµģθʹūҪ߸еĺӣʲôȰ
ôݣǿһôµ֣
˱۵ǷްȥɣֻǱʱ
Ϊ˽龫ǣϣгϢνңɶӶϱȴͣĸƻȻˣҲǿˡ
ֻʧǰӻ竣һǴһȣǿ̫ˣؿ㣬۹ⳤԶǰ氡ʼǣӰ֮󣬽ҽʲô³
ڹߵͷվǷģǾ仰֮лᶨ𡣡
ڴŸҹϢܿ촫龩ǣȻϢڷҲ͸¶뿪ԭ򣬵ƺµһǸ䲻ݸ߲űƵСڰߵġ
һʱ䣬ҷ׷ƶʲˡ
֮ǰܲȺһ£ָŸָ
ôãǵһαɷкջ𣬵ڵľƶʮֲٲҲţ޵ҲΪų²ߣ밡ԸĸԽں͸ߵӣҪø˳¶ӣڸлվŵλ𣿡
Ҳ֪²߻ȥ֪֪ǶļƵˣôù
ǰҲ͸һ棬ΪֻǸûӵ竣ԴʧˣںĻǸ޺ʲô鶼ڽڵƿ֮УҪǲúóﻮʲôᱻڷá
εǺܺõӣڴƣǷһӶ飬ɾǴ£ͽڴƽȵλá
ڵĸ׺Щ˽ڵ޶Ͽ˫дʵϳԿڼʱһУֹ˱ķûʧ͵ĸµĴ
ǵ˱˻ԣȴκҲĴģ˭ýھܶһأ
˭ܣӣȴһѹͷ̧ÿҪһΪɩʲôǾֻˣң̲סеıͺ
͵ˣѾȥҲ޲㻹Ըĸɡ
ǵʲôùȢһԵӣĴ»Ҫǵͷı
ǲ˵ʲôĸһŽں͸СˣػѿѾˡ
æʣʲôӣ
ʲô㻳ˣԭ˶Ӷϱ׼ѵ˭֪侹Ȼ˵ˡ
ͷշֵģһ¡
ɷһۣЩŸĻȥ
æתȥһҴһˡ
ιҲ˵ˣˣҲ˵ʲôػѵ˽ͺ͸伸ͷˡ
Ѿߣ׶ϱֻУ׷Ҳ޲ǾٸһλᣬҪ´ΣֱøȥǿҲɲˡ
һլӣǺܴ󣬵ĺ򸮺ܽ͸һǽܶʱͽߴ·鷳ᷭǽȥҶԷ
ߺլӣһϵļңÿ鶼ãϲëˡ
ת۵죬ʵҪٰһԣеĴԹҪμӡ
գ㷭ǽڼңԼһȥʼҵӣʰûϽģٵʱ˲ͷ
߲ҪڲͣԻصˣ䲻Ĳͷ
٣͵ɪɣʱҪˣҾ㵱ͷ㹴סļſȥߵɩҵûزͷԡ
ЦȥΪֵһĸˡ
˵˻ʼ԰֣˶Ѿˣ䡼ˣӭǰкǸߺ鿴ûǳ˷Ը˼˹
ڿȥķһۣδɫ
˸Դ˻ᶼӮòͷţɻʵһ¿ʼԡ
Сڱ߾սǿһ˳ȥһ͸ˡ
ͷҵˡӺ󣬺ܿҵ˱ԵĲͷһֻź񻨵ӡ
Ǳˡ
ڱصã׷ȥܿ׷˲ͷӣ˼׼ӣһ߱һҪɱʱͻȻ˿̧ǰ㺿˼Ȼһ񱼡
ͣ£ͣ£ͷҪˡ㻹һĹŲͷδԼѾΣ֮С
ʲôţֱӣһ³ȥ
ʶΣսͼͣ£ƽʱ˳վƣһҵĵͽڵأ˸ͷۻ佫ƽǳ£ˤ˲ֻǳһ쳾
µڵĳҪǷ˷Ȼ̧ǰͳؿڲ̤
˫ۣȻ˵һ佫
ǵһ̫Ӳǵһˣֻڶģɵһİ
лҪ˵Ҫɵһ

3916

ಡһ֧ƾճ, ۶׼ӡ
ԭ̧ǰҪ̤ȥѪע, ˻ص˵ϡ
ΪҪµʧΣ, ӵһԾؿ͵˿δĿŵض, ϳֻǽڵļ, תͷȥڼ, ˿
Сүû°ɣ, Źػ
ɫ׵ҡҡͷ, һСүҪ, , лл־һ
û¾ͺáڷ, ȥϵĳ
㿴Ŷİԣ̾ƥս꣬ٴΪ, û뵽ûս, ȴ
ԲСүոҲǲѶΪ֮, ɱİԡǸε
ҪˣǾͻףʱûѡֻܶɱ֡
ҡҡͷҵ㣿ֻǸ̾ôĵҲбһ졣
Ǽ򵥣ײᱳˣСүΡתͷѵ
뵽ǰ̵£ɫһ䣬ڣ˼ǡ
Сүͳ죬û°ɣʱʵߵϢǰѯʡ
룬ȥϣд̿͡
һŵõתͷˡ
ʱʵ۴˺ƺƵ
㣬ˣˣʵʡ
صػϣްոն˽ͳ켰ʱϵ˳һ򳼴ʱѾ֮¡
ʵۿڣǿޣڼһ
ߺҧҧǽڻĺ£󣬾Ȼû
䡿˿ܣʣд̵Ĵ̿ģ
̿;ƥ
ʵۺ˽˳ָķȥƥѪеһ׷̿ôһƥ
ͺʣƥСүİдˣ
ʳʵĻ˶㣬Ľ͡
û˼򵥣˱ᱳرƥξΣѣƥĹ£ᱳңǽˤҪҲ̤ʧֻһԭ
ʵ֪ԭֻÿڡ
ڽӹ˶
ж˽һ
ڵûĹ˶䣬ϲԼˣЩɴ
ʵڵĻͻȻʲô£͵սȭ
ߺͷһæǰͳ˻ݣԣмĶܾ࣬ʧҲǳ¡
ǰǰܾʧҲеġӦ͡
ڿߺҪͨô͵Ҳ˵ùȥСүƥսµսʲôǧ⽣ӰûΪһԵӾܾʧ𣿡
ûƥΪֻ֧ܾݺݵĵ˸ߺһۣҲ
ߺһû뵽һ㡭
䡿ߺĽţæǰͳ˼ǣж˹Ϊ֮
û˸Сү¶ɱˡڵ
ߺüͷһƣɱˣδš
δţҪûǴɱֶڲǰͳֹϬ
ǰͳֹʱֹ
ߺȭͷһСүε²⡣
ľ⣿ŭŸߺ飬ôãҲˡ
ߺ鲻ӣƳߵʲô
ıɱ
ߺɫʮѿ
䡲εߺѲ˸ϵȻ׷ŹȸߺһŵĻᣬСүո˵ɱֶǰֹʱںϣ
ӵ˽㿴Ÿ䡣ȥԣ̫ӵ֮¾˸ɾ
˻һ˽ǾסֳһƬžû˸ٳ
̫֮ǵȻǵãҲҲ˸ᣬ˸εϵһ
ʵӷ죬˼ǣ̫ӲǱı
ػϣû̫ӵµ볼ͬ飬û´볼һǰĳЩ˵ۣ֮졣ص
ߺĻСүһһ룬ô̫ӵ֮»Ϊһ̸
벻ǣһ֪ûλ󳼣ȥ
Ѿڲ鿴ʱڣСү㿴
롣㾪
ڵͷתͷʵ۵ϣ֪ɷ̫ҽһ飿
ʵ۳㡹
ʱ̫ҽԺԺ㡷ּȡ룬鿴صϣϴ˶˶Իǣʹж䣬Ϊʧ
Ƕ
Ȼ˶˸˶ҪıСү
ô˵̫֮ҲΣ
ͬһΪɣ
ˣ˵ˣСǻ
ָ룬ó⡢⡭
ָ˵ʲôʵۿָʡ
ָͨһȥصϣūڲ̤̫ӵµƥҲ롣
ʱ̫ӱ̤ʵ۴ŭԽƥʬΣ֮ʱͷ룬ûԴȥ룬Ҳû֮¡
ںδʵʡ
ָصʬˡ
ȥڳʵ
ָּ⣬ȥ룬ʱʹżֻ
ʵȥ飬صһ֮ã඾ȷʵСźүȡĶһ
˽Եһ̫ӾȻǱıҪ֪̫֮Իʵ׶֮ʹʵ۱زŹı̫֮ˣ˾ԼĴڸУǻ
˵ıһˣˣʵ̲סŭȣֱ
ŵúһأҳ
ϣ̫֮Գ֮˱ͬһˣҲУֻҪӣһһ飬ܲ
ּ⣬֣֮һҲ׼뿪ʵ
æ˽ӵÿڷס
Ĵڶ̲࣬һʱҲ鲻ҽݾ
ڿߺ飬˶ܿƵĶһֱһ˳߿ȥߺ鿴ʱ뿪ȥǸӣۣͶȥһ
ͽڼĬ˽ڵ˼һ䵽ǸǰץסҪж֣뿴
˿ȥץŵһǰʲôԶ
㽫еİ£һһ룬뽻㡡
鿴ϵĶСүϵĶһ
Ǻˣʵŭʡ
˶˵Ҫ˶ϣڼʱֹˡ
䡴ϣӸߺˡ
ʵۿڵ϶ɸӵĸߺ飬Ŀѣˣ
лҪ˵㵱

4017

ɱɲòʵй, ̫ȷȷʵʵڸߺУʵŭ, նɱ˸ߺ, ⣬ΪūŮΪ潣߾, ûس
Ҫ÷ҪһΪ֮ˣꡣ
е˷׷֮, ĸֶᣬΨǻ
оƴ, 㶦֮Ψƽһ˶гƽ£, ̫, , ܼ̳лλѡֻƽӸ䡡
Ȼ, ƽҲá
, ǿľûˣƽΨһܼ̳лλѡǸˡϲĳƽ
ƽͷ, û, û뵽ȻҶ̫֣Ұġ
Ӹ, ͻ֪Ұĵһ档䡽Źϣȡһݸ˸ס
ƽɵĽӹ򿪷־һЩûˤڵϣֵĿŸ䡣ⶫģ
Ҳ鳭鷿ڷһңЩͱ֮Уҳ˲ע˻䡵
ƽȻ䡶ͿܽĶⶫӦýϲǡ
Ѿˣ㽫ЩϣҲûɱˣҲõϡ
ƽ㷲Щͨѹ֤ֻˣ㲻ϣҲӦٵ
ģЩʱû˷֣һǺţòϻλһٻٵҲ١䡰˵ˣЩǸߺźǱ˷ˣҲ۵ǡ
ƽö˵Ҳмֵκ鶼Ӧ׼պãϣⶫԶòϲźá
зˡŮɶһзݣȵòĸ
ǰȥôãҪˣǷĩ˻ôȡ
зѰˣū澺òײ򵽣͸ˡɻص
һзͰз㡣
СЩˡɵǵ
иܳзҪ˿͵͵зٻвͱ¶
ʲôƽΨһܼ̳лλѡ֪ǼٻΣҰ

ʱűƿһڳվſڡ
ʶվܿع񣬳ĸȣҪҪϱһԵзȥ𡣡
Ȼüٻƭң䣬̫仰˦ȥ
ŵȷô죿ˡ
ǵһηôĻ𣬸䱾ܵľţֲūǰ¶ӣֻǿװƵʲôҲҶ
潻֪ϢҴҸϻһž͸޹ˣĸ֪òԣٸһλᡣ
ΪƽĿĶϱȻװƭˣͶϱҪã㻹д飬ȥɣʧ
һԵĸ侪ʣҪң
ѵӦ𣿡Ÿ䣬ĶУϹˣһϱ
䲻ƭǣҲҪҡ
Ͷ㿴ʲô̬ȣ£һʢ˵ӣҽݵĴ𣿡ָŸ䳯͵
ҲҽҵСƽ𣬻뿤ͻȥɣ
һ򲻹µҲ˿ڣſʼˡ
ĸǿڶӵķٸһλᣬˡ
򸾲
ĸϴͳ
Ĳ鲻Ը߹ȥ£֪ˣĸٸһλᡣ
ĸǿϴˣ֪ˣǾԭһκ𣿡
۶ӣٴˣһû´ξ뿪ˡ
ͺ͸صԼԺӣ̲סܲһ㣿Ҹĸô㹫ţ̬ȾͲܷźһ𣿡
ǲϲȻʲôԣҪǸǼˣǻ㼲ɫ𣿡һҲûԼˣ򸾶гɼ
ϱ˵УҲ˵תȥ鷿˯ˡ
жԹ޲ѣ̫Ű£û̫ţӾͺùˡ
˵ʲôأһ
еӵҪ̫
˶
ӴôϸģصӺ̲ס̾
Ҳ֪ˡ
ƽδô֮λĿˣ˵ãΪԺеǡ
̾ƽ飬Ψһܼ̳лλѡƽʱ
ǿɲһʥ׽λСˡ
ǲܴ˭أ
⡭
ˣͿˣ˵Ҫ߶ū澷ȥԺ߰ɡƶ󸹱ĸߵ
ߵͷƶһһԺȥ仳оŸ£ӹģɫܺãҲûԵиһ㸡׷֣һȽϣӾЩˣһ
սڱȥӥӪѲȥˣ˵ǹվͻҲţЩߣƶ۾Ժɢ
ˣһˣ˵Ҫ顣Ȧ
ƶֵ֪˾Ϳ裬Ĳȴ÷˹أ
ƶúԣĸӦϱĹȥͷĸֹƶĻ˵ȥ͹ȥ
Ӧתȥ׼ˡ
ʱ󣬸ߵֱִȥԺӣ֪ϢɻʣҪˣĹˣʲô˴ҹȥһ˱ǣҪǶ̥Ǻã
ĸ˴Žжϱ𣿡߲ʡ
ŸһԻ󣬡ûаҺʱ˴
ʱͻȻϣ洫ˮǷʱӣŻէԡ
ô£ˣţ˭棿͵ȥţű˴סˣòͣţҷŻĸԺӣǲҪˣ
ô涼ûᣬǻԽԽˡ
ƶŮлعҲȥæſ޷Ŵ򿪣ۿԽԽȵ¯һ㣬߰סƵؿڣʲô˹ҪһԺ
лҪ˵ġ

4118

Ż, ¥ϵڱһʱ䷢ˣһȴǽ, ˻, ȳ͸ߣץס˷Ż֮ˡ䡣
ͽȥμӾϯտϯƱҪȾƾ͵֪ŻϢ, ˱Ӿ͸˻ǻʱѾסˣԺӱյһͿ, ҲûԱ
ȴ˻𾪣û뵽, Ż˾ȻǸ䣿
ֹû뵽ǵ˶û뵽, 侹ȻԼżҷһѻ, ҪԼĸԼ, , Ѿ̥, 裬һʬҲ̫ݶˡ
Ҳɢ, ˻ͷ, ָŸ䣬ҧҽʲôȢһɥǻ, 
ҶһȢϱҽҲҪЫĳĶϱˣҪ빬ּ㣡ҲúӲ
˶Ǵ㶵ģ侹ȻڸзŻҪĸף仹Ǹ
û뵽ԼļƻȻ;ײˣ˳ǣôģΪʲôڻŻ֮ʱͻȻ֣նļƻץ˸ţź͸Сûȴ˷Żɱ˵ƻá޷죬˴
ձײƼкɱģҪɱһҲɱɱҲɱ罫һɱ뵽ƲߣͽԼڶڵʱ򣬼ٴĻ߽ȸԺӣ˷ԺŻ𣬻
ٴϢ˵ԼĶӼ̳λִһŭ֮·ŻԺӣж뿪һˡ
жͬʱ˸ߵһʯ֮ƣԭһжеú˳Ϊʲôıʣ
ҲûҲûϴͷĺһ˹޶˼˻ʵʹ˸ĶоִҪ˸ϱ
ʵҲòУ¾׼˵࣬ƽݺݳһͨժ˸俤ݡ
뿪죬Ž͵ͣƽϸλɱҲ֮顣
ҽʹûκζԲ飬ϣԾԲ𣿡Ϳư°͵ҶƴӣȴҪɱĸףû㷴Ҫˣ𣿡
ͣҸһ
߸䣬ǰܵĻޣƽѹڣǸ£ƵҲݣû˸룬ԺӮأ
ڻ͸߻صң˴ΣҵǸֻ˾ţδ̥ŷġ
򡢷һ𣿡ǶģץŽڵ֣ڴĿֻС
ڽӵ뻳УıûˣͺӶȫˡ
ʱΪΪҺͺӶҪڻĺܺ£Ҳ²ܱǵĺӣôСҪ˵Ȩƽ䡢̫ˣô£ֱˡ
Щ״Σһ˵һ䣬ɼǿֻŵ˼㣬¶Żοһи
ϧѣ£ǲͺӳµģҡ
㣬ֻҪڣҾʲôˡŬԼƽϢ̫̫Ӱ쵽ӵġ
ߺ˰ѹҩ˯ˣڴ˯źšüȭ䣬ȵһ죬ҾĴġ
磬ǷҽȥһˡصƽȴŽգ˺ðҲû˿š
Χ۵ȺԽԽ࣬ŸָǸƤٺҲͣţǱÿˣɳĲƽҲǸ䡣ǹܼҡ
ܼҳ˸񣬵ūǰүӵĻү˵ӽƽˣҪٻȥɡ
ʹ粻ܲҪҵģҿƽĵŮǿλûѡ
ܼҵּѽΪ񡣡˵˸˱˸š
һԵڵأɫɷףôܣôܣ
䱻żҲݣֱ˿ݣ޴ȥֻȥ޵һׯס
ûҪļױʱеļױˣҪúùӲû˿ⱲҲʳǣֻǸͲֹܰӵˣүҲûֹӡ
仳ˣС
Ǹ䱻պΪǲӦׯӵˮŵ¶£ӦԽԽأҿˮҲٳٲģ˴ƣһƲˣѾһµС
ͬץסһĵݣѪˣһʱ˽뵽ׯӣϢ˽ͣý뷨ص
ƽˣֻлصлᶫɽ𣬶Ӿõĳ롣
͵֪ϢҡˣԭҲԸ޵ģ˸ĻصĸҪӻظ䣬ȴ⵽˸ĸǿҵķԡ
޶˸䣬ûȽͰѻ˵ʹǽҺò׽ǻߣٽӻǸһ궼ûУһ뿪УɼǺҲԵģԺǻӣҲûӻܣ
ĸʼƽŮԺƽ̳дͳǿƾĹϵˮǴߣĻͥͼ
ЦƽѾŮˣԺƽƣҲûаֹϵ
ôأѪ֮˵ϾͶϣƽֻͷϣȻģĸǿǵӣ⣿
ˣǲڸκ飬һǾ仰Ҫؽң
ȭͷȥòУĸҲ̫ˣԼӶҪȴڵĺӵɱһ㣬̫ƫˣǵӰֻռߣڸµǣƾʲôõеһУ
֪ͣ˰ɣ㸸ĸûа㵱ɹӿֻнں͸ߣҸұ֤ȸºӣ㸸ĸὫλǺӣ͵һɨسŰɣ˵򸾵̬Ⱥ
ҧӣҲŭòС
÷һԼĶӣ游ĸҪˣñ
æסֹĶģһ뷨ӽȥġ
俴ʣʲôӣ϶˵ˣȥѲ㻹Ϊɱǲɣ
лҪ˵²Ҫβˡ
ϦҶڴףСɰǳϦҹ֣ؼԲҸ겻ɢ

4219

ʹӸ뿪, »һ·Ǿ仰, ǲֻɱ˸ĸһ·ˣ
뵽ĸԽڷ޵۳, 뵽ĸ͸ĮеĺԽԽŨɱҲѿ
ԽԽ, һ̧ͷǰм¥Ҳظˣ˲¥Ȳ迴Ϸ
ͳ, ¥롣
ֻǸս˲¥ͼڱС¥תҪ, 뵽ʲô˻ȥɫҲ¥, Ҫ˼ڸڵż, , »ſ, Ȼǽ, ͵
żǽڲשʯľЧһҲ, ܺںͺСĻ
Сʣ, »ϺʱСүݣ
Ӧÿ˰ɡڴ
СƵʱǶڣ˭Ҳû뵽СүȻǻϵĶӡ
˾Щû㾹Ȼǻʵ۵Ķ, ǻӣֱǾء
ͻȻ֪𾪵Ϣ͵þòƽϢʵ̲סҸ˵˵뿪¥ֻ˸ׯӡ
վڴǰŽڼȥǹһĨЦȥˣ͵ˡ
˵ʲôǻӣ͵ĻվϢ𣿡
͵׶˵ģм١
ã̫ˣͣǻˡƽкá
뵽һȥˣ˼ǣϢƽӣ
ϢҾػƽˡӲ˲ǣֻҪƽزûϵˡ
͵˸ĻձȥƽϢƽ͸䡡
֪ϢƽӾ˵ð䡲ųѹ֣ѹָߺζɱ֣ԭߺͷݡ
û뵽㾹ȻǻĶӣȻѾ֪ˣ򲻻Ὣھǣӹӥƽһ£գ䡶Щͳӡ
䡾δĵͷûѾڲˣߺ²⣬һжڻϵƿ֮С
ƽûоٶҲͳĵʯ
ڣǲҲöˡ
ǸҪˡһ
ƽԥһµͷû취ˣֻܹעһ
Ѿϣֻзһˡ
ҹøһ뿪˾ǣֱ߾պ󣬱߾սҵϢžܵУս½ڽڰˣּǰ߾֧Ԯȴ;оΧžȲԮֵӢ
žսϢأھһ䶯ƽǰ߾ƽңֻձƽս£ǵðһƬк֮
߾ս¸ͣдԱּûʵĶǱˣǴ˴ƽйƽ֮䡡
ʵȴԼ廹ǿ׳Ϊɾܾ˴ǵּǵóвԭѹסսµƽ֪Ϣ󣬷˵оɵоֱ룬ͬʱԻΪɣʵˡ
һıƹҿĻ
䡸Ӧϱƹ֮ʱͺ͸ΧýڴŻȼ֮ʱץҪøºӺ󣬵򸾵ɱ
֪֪ʲôǰýͺ͸ڡ
߱ץ·϶̥ѾҪˣʱ
Ϳĸ׵ĸÿֻҪĸӵ˺͸
㲻״ɩҲ´˶ָ֣Ÿʹ㵱汻񶾵Ů˴ˣ
ŭţµ㻹ִԲͲɱ㣿
ңֱͦ
ĵĲӱߣ㵱ΪҲ𣿡
ǰץס˸֣ĸ
ĸ·ЦЦŴδҵɶϱֺ뵱ĸԼӶϵˣ
ڸҪ֮ʱǰס˸䣬
ͣûҪɱǵ£ֻҪÿɱ˸ߣҿԷһ
ȰĸܸߣҿԱ֤ǡ
ָŽͺ͸ʹ
ŭۣӵͳȥţȻִͱҲˡ
ƿһ
ŭóǰݺݴ˸һƣ
ϣд´λگɣѾˣֶΨһܼ̳дͳѡ䡳鷿鰸ǰһŭݵĻʵ۵
Ѿ䡡롯鷿ˣҪд´λگ飬ִⲻϡ
䡼дҸͻὫоŽʱʵһžӿɾͰˡ
ƽͨУžӣʵָŸŭ
Ҳϣԣǡ
ҳӣǲúʵŭ⡣
ͷЦܿܣϣֶȰ˳ӦƣԹд´λگ飬ֶ꣬Ȼɾͱֳֶˡ
д´λگ飬ҲʵҲ֪䡵Ļ֮ģղôһ
䡼ƣҲװˣ϶Ȼ֪ԻԹӻȫʬȥԹӡ
ϹۣŻƽмӣݵǲ֪ߵغ˵֮£Ⱥ֮ͽǲк³ģʵŭ
Ͷ䣬ɣ˸Ͻдگ飬ޡ
б¾ɱޣһҲдʵۺݺݽīɨȥ
ˣƲԳԷƣȻ˲ʶ̧٣Ҳ͹ֲˣɱ㣬һΨһļ̳ˣ˳Ļʵۣ
˵Ű˽ͳʵɱȥ
ȴʱһֻɳ۶˸䡻ӳȥĽϣڵء
䡴󾪣תͷȥŹվ⣬ŭսģ𣿡
ȥڽӸĺС飬γ佣һһĽɱѪĽ鷿
䡼ôɾɱˣʵȥҪ˻ʵ۵ʣȴʱһӰٶ˻ʵǰһŽ߿ˣڵϴ˸֮˿ȥʱסš㣡
ûСүңͦεվڸǰ˵Ŀߴ
䡲ţôû
ֹСүûҵҲû㸸˵ˣҲ֪߾ʹ޵ľѹЩʿһ˸㸸һһ·㸸ѪҪˣ˵ųİơ
ʿһһѪ˽˵ϡ
䡿ȥϳǸף͵˹ȥôˣ
䡡䡶졢ߣСмˡƽ˵꣬
ɫҰףСмˣ
лҪ˵֣ҶӰǣףµһɶɶҪɶɶ
췢һôôա

4320

, 㾹ȻҴң㣡ÿϵ, ֵĻӵͳɱȥ
ź󱳱俳һ, ľģͷ˿Ҳû¡
ڸĵҪʱ, ס˸䣬ҵķ, һ·
зһ˿⣬ӻûԡ
Źǣ, ǿһ·Թõָҵּңʧ˿, һ, мҲܻ, ֻһׯίȫ, ĵĲǵĺ, ͣµ㻹飬Ǵδӣ
Ǳ, ԸҪһӵĺҲĺ, Ƕˣ㻹ǣǲǴ
һѵɱ, ľģ򣬵ȹг£һ³
ͷһŸݹĵľţһĸĸһǻӵŮˣֱأǸҲ˵öԣ϶ƫˣһֱûӣǸ˵ǹͣ޶Ҹȴһɣ¼ҹһ
˵ˣƽҵɣϾүˣֻҪƫְµ϶ܷɻڴǰƽ
뵽⣬ӹ˸еĵ
еⰵȥ
һȥɱ϶ɱ˸ĸӣĻ׹ˡ
⻰ӼᶨԼľģתŸĸĸǱңҪ־͹̫ƫģһֱƫ۽ǸˣδҵɹӣȻȲʣҲͱҲˣ
˵꣬һҧӵĸ˹ȥ
򸾾ıۣû뵽һ쾹ȻԼУֱɱ
ۿҪϣһӰǰǰ
˦ȥ̽һԵϣ;úһڣô
Ҳ𾪣ûڣô
ڶ춯ۿȥǰӣʱ־ϲ
俴Žͺ͸䣬־ܰɣƽѾˣҲ˴Σǰˡ
ܣҸô䲻ŽڵĻ
ڵžֻǼյУƽͨѹ߾췴߱Ҳ£䣬θˡ
ԲţһƭңڣƭңҸֳģǲģ
Ҫ˵ڴӵ˽Ǿס
ʱϲϲүǸӣĸƽ
򸾴˿ĸƽͺá
ˣҽǸҰץɱɱ˸ӣʵʧȥǣĿĳ
ЩҪСһɱˡ
ͼЩʬͰ˵ڽűߣŵһȥĸ磬ҴˣҴˣǸҵģ޹ذһΣ
ͣűߵһѵݺݵĴ̽˽͵壬ҷϣ
ͲŵĿŸ䣬˵һѪһӿû
ûϵ侹ȻԽ֣ǰһƿ˸䣬úС齫˸סˡ
Ͷ򸾴лع񣬳ǰסҪصĶӡ
ǰѵڽ͵ؿڣѪܿȾ·ҲӿѪ򸾸ҶǰѵǱŶӣֶʹġ
һ߼ʹ⣬һ߻˵ĸҡǲҪҪˣһ롭˵һĻѪִӿ
˵ˣ˵ˡסӣۿţġ
ҲǰͶͦסĸѾȥˣûµġ
ȻТҪɱǣΪĸŶǰһǶϣܾȻӣҲ֪Ҳˡ
ҡ֪֪ҿ졢첻ˣĸĸҴˣٸһλᣬһһᡢ˺ǣԲ𣡡Ͷ϶˵꣬ȫ
ʹ޲ѣĸûн̵㣬ĸĴ
ѵ֮Ŀ˽ڡ
ڿ˵ʲô
£㡢㲢ûʲôһֻǸӤһֱ㲻ţ볬Խ㣬ͷȥҵٻһ㣬ҲͲڵĽ֣֪ҿˣҲԭңֻϣչҵĸĸϵʹͻȻ࣬˵Ҳˣһ˵ô໰Ҳۡ
Ҷ֪ǻعⷵա
ɷģҲҵĸĸҵȻչǡڵ
ЦˣЦкں͸м䣬ӡ
ֻǻδ˵꣬ͻȻһҵĿԣһ鴤ڴڵѪӿӿ̼ĹͰҲˣҲ˿ˡ
ͶͶס͵ʬʹ޲ѡ
Ҳ档
ǰοܸ̫ѹˡ
ܲ԰ף֪һҲοɥӵˡ
ɱʹתΪŭޣվ䣬ɷôµĶ֣
סͶĹ⡣
ǽΨһѪҲǽΨһѪ
뵽ͣ˶
ĺӣʱֵбɱҰɱǽҲ;ˣ
˶ǿ⣬ʱƽ£ӣıˡ
úС齫ȥȻ˽̧ȥ򸾣ŵÿȥߺͺӡ
ºӺƣ۹˯˹ȥ춼һ۾ԭסڴһƣۣۼˣ
ˣ𶯣ɺáڽȥ
߹Թɻȥ㲵ģʣۻ˰ɣ
ҲۣˣҲãûб㣬ܾˡסǸε
ҡͷ֪ʲôΣգǻ־ңһҲ£ǴӢۣΪӢ۵ӣҲǸСȻô㣿
߶лл㣬ԺҲ˺ίˡڸжˣֱŵ
Цŵͷ㡣
лҪ˵أĻ̵̻ģˣܱǸ֪ҶϣҶܺúõģЭȹⳡΣ

4421

ƽ췴ԸܵĽĻ
ǴҶø䡲, Ͼһֻʣһ˿ɼ̳лλ, ϵĽɽҪ䣿ʱ, ֵ֪һĵϢƽȵ͵Ȩ̴˸䡡
֪췴Ϣŭѣʹ˼ʹ, ȨȥηӸ
ҸһΪף֮, ȴƾһ˽ͨѹ, ıƹ, ҸһûĲҸ, Ȼ, ϴɱ泼֮Ȩ, δһ, Ȩ̾õԼϣغգ
ȨһһµߵĻػڸϣ䡺صȨ̵Ļȥ, ʧ
䡱Ĵö, ܵ˸ĿɿڴŵòҶ
ϾʹˣִԼ, ˶һ㣬Ȩ̴ڴڵĴ
ĸǰˡ
һЩ󣬿˵ȥһۣ˱ֱۣͦ˱ʥ
ܽ޷֮£ڣٹȨ̣ջأٴɣڻʵǰʹļ׵
ʵԷȰĸˣ䡸췴֮Ȳ֪飬ִ˸䡣ܴףǨŭ
ƽȵ۵ĵܵܣǻʵ۵ĸ
лϲɱ֮Ϲ飬ܺ޳ܣȨ̻ջءֵ
ʵۼ˼֣̾Ϣһĸǡ
лϡߵ˸ͷٵһ˶㣬ƽжɽˣ֪δ㣿
ʵֵĸģǸһĽɽ֣֮޻һ˼䡣
˻棿ϲʡ
ʵ۵ͷ档
ʡ
ʵЦſڡ
Ųתͷȥ˺һСү
ƽִ˸䡵ϢǶˣҶ̾λˣλ޻׼̳УҪЧ߼̳У½ҪٴӭȫµĴ֮ա
ɾʱʹϢʵۻһλд棬˲ǱˣǶξȹΣѵžźү֮ӡ㡣
Ϣһٹ䶯
ԭžķ뻹ǻʱĻʵã˽ȻŷֻһС֮ŮʵҪӭȢŷΪ쵽˵ʱĻʺ̫󷴶ԣŷ˲ԸΪ檣ҲԸʵΪѣֻ뿪˾ǣʵѰδò̫ĻȢ֮ŮΪҡ
뿪ǲúŷ˷Уεڱ߾žȣžŷδУȢΪޣֻžҲŷʱ֪ǻӵģ㽫Ϣ߱ˣֱ̫ӳžؾ̳лλȴߺе֪ݣεɱ֮
ǽڣžˣݹĻ᣿
ʵʰ񣬹Ȼϻ㣬㣬Ϊ̫ӣٹ졣
ս飬ܿ챻ͰսɣͶΪǡ
ƽ췴ʧܣִӣΪǰɽޣƽʹܡ
ԭͻָƽݵӽͱɱӽڶʹͿϮһꡣ
Ϊ˰סʵʱ˵ɱʵ۵ڿ޽Ͳ
û뵽ŵʱ뾡취ͷûܳɣƾһ仰Ӣۡ
򸾸ڰͱס֮λڣڳ˼Ƭ̣Ӧˡ
ڼ̳֮λΪүҲ˾ٶȳΪŮĽĶ
䱻һ̵ׯϢǱ֪ЩϢʱǻ߸£ԭԸһԾеĶǸ̫žȻִ˴磬úݶİǿӣôµȥ֣
ƽĻλǸδеҰ֣˭֪ŷȥ͵µҰ֣˵ǻӾǻˣҲ̫ˣ
Ͱ̫ͣɱˣŵʱӮ˽ڣ˻ÿڲ¶Ǹܵķﰡúã
ϲģƾʲôλڣλҶӵģ˭ҲûʸߣҶӵģ
ǵҸҶﻹŽҵĹأǽҵѪƾʲô̳нҵһУ
˷һţˤŶȫȻԼеĺӣ濴صֹҲץй꣬ŸеʹѣŶڵϴ
һѪŻˣæȥȥ˴ׯӾд򣬸ϽΣ̥Ҫˡ
Ż߸£ʱҪصŵû궼ҪûˣǸɱ˷֮ŮпΨһѪӵúܣҪиʲộҲˡ
ôҩһϣҲҪ˸£ǴѾû˰취ûֻøϽȥΪŸ˳һĺӡ
֪Ϣ͸߼æȥׯӣׯʱºӣűһССĺӹǸǧ𣬲Ľһ㣬ѻ
ŮһȻЦˣŮãŮϲ
æǰӹӣſᣬСͨ죬Ͱ͵ģҲСϧôСôۣǲǶˣ̣ȳԵɣ˵תͷѯʡ
мĵͷ
߱㱧źȥιˡ
ôǸŮǶӵģǲǻҵĶӣȺĵļ澣ɱǣﴫ񶾵
ˣûаǾĺӣ
ҲţҲţһһӣôŮģҵĶӻң
ˣ𼤶ˣ˺öѪȫȾˣˣѪˣ
šüǳһԺŵĴȥơ
ҩ˽ȥʱ˲Ѫǲˣ
˱ۣڰ֣ǸȡԹκˣ
ڣҪڣѽڸҽﴫĺ
ԥƬ̻ȥڣȻ˽Ƶɾ
ڵϢúܿ죬첻ˣһ档
ڵ˵ͷ˴ȥ˸ӡ
㡢ˣڣ㻹᲻ҡҵİɣɫ׵ֽͬһ㣬Ҳǿն񣬿ڽǹһĨЦ
֪֪ﻹңˡңԲԲԣ
ߵߣǵıȾˣջߣû
ͼûа˿ֻɻȥǿЦݵ͡ǹ֡ҵ޸˽ͣߡߣ㰮ˡң
˵˵ѽ㡢Ϊʲô˵
ڸֶһڣ
һ֮ˣٴ
ʲʲôҳСܲģҲ£㾡ܡ˵ǡ
̾ϢһˣʵҴûϲ㣬ȢƽȨ׳ֻˡ
˵ʲô͵۾
뵽ԭиڸǰ˵Щһ䣬ԭ˵Ҵûϲ㣬㣬ֻû뵽˵ʲôʲôȻΪҶ顣
ƭңһƭңôܲңץӣǽڷףһ
ޱŲ㡣
ʱ߱Ѿ˯ŵĺӽˡ
§סôˣ
Ӧüĸһ档߿
ҡͷǵĺӣǾĸ
߾ȡ
ڿ˿ڸ߻˯ü䰲ȵСһ˫ӣһһŮֻ̥ǹŮһֱţδʾˡ
ãġЦŵͷ
⻰֪˹ȥҪӣҵĺӣҾɱҲĸѺӸңҪ
߱ź͵ĺ˼ŵĿŸʶӣ䣬񶾣ӸеͶĶⱲһ¡
߰ɣǻؼҡڻŸߺͺӴȥ
ڵϲͣţֻ;ƿݣҲǰһѪĳŵȫӲһû˱ĵذϣһ
󣬻ʵ۲ţ̫ӸǻΪۣڳֵܣԽҲ֣ΪһȨ󣬷ޡ
øÿճԺִޣ㡣
ں͸Ҳûӣһ˫Ů߱żҷŰţһ˫ɵĶŮһҸ
ǶԶ⴫̥ãҲǵˡ
磬˵ȥץòãС˸Сűһصĸ
룬±ã͵͵ȥøĸ֪
лл磬áСЦУȡ
õС͵͵ţãҲö˭ã
Ǻö˶˵㲻׸ҮŴ
ЦҲû°㳤˸ϱɣ
˵Ŷ粻ܷڣ
һԣʮƥ׷

лҪ˵дµĹ´뿴ҶӴϢúù˼ʲô뿴ĿԣҶṩУҶлл
Ϣ죬ǣӴ

45ܲ1

ڻָʶʱ, һƬհףǰһ, ҲǾ, ˱Ǽⲻˮ̱ζʲôҲоˡ
ѵ˰׳գϹӻӣ
, 21ͣҲִǰɫı, 籾ϵͳṩκεĹںԭԼݣеһжҪԼȥ̽򡣡
⽫һܴ̼Ȥ, Ŷ, ףˣ
ڣ

ɶûϹϵͳϵͳ, Ƶġ
ͻȻ, һˮζһζ, һֻ, ȻûȻ
ûã߳˸ζˮζζ͸ζ, ߯š
ζ˰ȫ˸, Ҳ֪˵ʲôߵĸζɢˣһˮ, ˮܺţڵˮζںϲˮζ
ˮд֣˳أҽһһҹ֢۲һһҹոҽ˵48СʱĸΣڣ۾Ͷ䶼ˣҪܳʱĵĳӱըˣû֤ûϵļˡ
ˮָëƵģ÷дúʶ𲻳һľ͸ˡ
ʵڴǳܿʶд֡
ˮּͣͣдŦԼһСҸãﲻǺϤһ취ϵļˣعơ
ͣƬ̣ˮдȥȥ֣ζʧˡ
ͨˮ˽һЩϢڹ˳ӱըˣǸˮȣҽԺ죬۾Ϲˣˣû֤ϵˡ
ϵͳû̫ңûɰ׳աϹӻӡ
ãˮֳˣ˻ˡ
д֣ոսӵ绰ļ˴ģϵļˣھɻ
˿ˡ
ˮдкҪҪȥ죬չˣһҽͻʿǻչ㡣
ʲô֣ĶԺҪģˣ˿ڣʲôҲζȥȫˮĴ̱ζˡ
Σڣ廹ܿ;ˣûһ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˯˶ã˹ϹϹҲˮζҲԾţŵһЩζһ˵ζӦиˡ
ܸоˣֲΡΡд֣үˣ壬Բ𰡣ôȥ̫̫
ү壿
ԭǸƽͷϰգǸǮ˼ҵүӦǸĸүλӦǸԭӶˡ
ҽˮƽҴعƣ½ԺǱ߶źˣ͵ȽȥõƷд
ԾɷҲˣֻĬľ
תԺ죬Ǹˮһֱûгֱ֣뿪ҽԺ죬ˮڳˣǽˮζƺҪǰŵҪŨһЩھӦ̫ûᵽЩϰߣû롣
ʱڵָܻˣд£һع
һ֡
عķɻϣֻˮ㼰ҽԱڸȷԭӦò򵥣ȻҲܰع
ˮȫѶڵչڸоˮƺܼʲôڲö֪
ֻݼýЩ죬ǰܵˮвͬҲֻˮӴһС֪ˮ㾿ʲôԸ
ˮҲûԹ֪֡
ֻԻʱ˳һ£ʲô
أհ
˶ѡ
˯ʱѵʱ٣ҲٺԻҲ޷õϢûϵʲô֪ˡ
ڿƮ˺ܳʱ䣬˵أЩӦ˷ɻˣˮһ俴õζ湻ĵģǸ⣬Ҳû취岻ư
һת·ᵽˮζڰģƣ۵˯˹ȥ
ƺ˯˺ܾãʶʱֽŶܶˣҲˣԾϹҲ
үˣ˯ˣҪٲѣҶ֪ôˡֲΡΡд
죿ôѵ̫ۣˣ
ڲɵһʱƨĽɫҲ߯˰ɣ
ˮˣȵָҩȻιˮҩ˵˴ĵһ仰лл㣬С㡣
Ҳ֪˵ж
лӦõġˮں˵ˡ
ֻƺûǰôˣѵչɶˣԴֲˣˣһҪಹ
ӣÿ춼ڽдƣʮСʱ룬ԼʮҩҪͣ߳ˣйڵҲйģ˵ǣ˶ˡ
ֵø˵ǣº
ү𣿡϶ڶ
ڵͷܡ
̫ˣ̫ˡ
ûᵽˮ㣬壬Сأ
ȥӵ绰ˣƣˡ˵
Ѿᵽˮ㣬ЦŴкС㡣
ϲָˮЦŹء
΢㶣Щ񣬵ǲ̫ǰˮӦҲºģʵģû̫˵лл
ȥĲʳˮʣհأ
Ȼˮء
ڿ֡
ȻЦлл
֮ǰȥŦԼʲô𣿡ʡ
Ȼأǣϰ࡭ȥüûȥ˾ҿˡ
Բûпܵģһ㰲һݹǸ
ʱֻѾ˴عûΪǣ˹ԭݣȻһݸõĹ¡
ȻȸԾлл㣬
лңұӦõġ˵
Ȼ˺һųñӦġ
Ѿǵڶ˵仰ǰʶôӦأֲǷģΪֻǿףû롣
ֹ˰ƣڳ׿ˣҲָˣɴգܼһ꣬Ϲһ꣬ܿˣܲ
ľǰȻ֪˳ʲô
ҽ۵ɴһȦһȦǰĹҲԽԽ߱ôۣۺüβӦǰȥ
һʮ˼ỨϳЦź塣
ȣүڿˣ̫ˡЦĨᡣ
ֿˣһȺŰ״ӵŮŮǰһʮͷˣ۾ĶţӦþе½½Ժˡ
½忪һ˽˸߼ѾȡҽѧʿѧλΪȴǽҵļͥҽɼԭļҾжá
л˵ΨһһűŮˣʮӣ۾߱촽һͷ˾θë£ȥޡ
ǰȻ
лҪ˵Ҷӣȫµ磬ûо籾Ŷ̼
ڣ̼򣡡

46ܲ2

, ǰȻ޵ŮǰӯӯһЦ, Ķˡ
ĪЩʧ, ǰȻôвһ
еˮӦǸɾˬСұ񣬶ǰȴǡ
ˣҲǻ, ʵ̫γʵΪɣ
ǰò֣˵ЩмĻ, Ȼ׼Ժؼҡ
סԺĿյ˽˰ȻһЩ, ǹ¶ڹû, ûطס
ڲþͷ, ʱؽ, ס͹
ȻǸ, Ȼѹ, ڻǴпȸϲ
ųڽԼһЩǰ飬ں, 򵥽һ½ҵ
Kнԭһ, Ǹ棬ΪKеһ֮ƵĽϼţK̳ͷϴ, ϼŵʵͲK̽縩׳Ƴԭǽߴļ̳ˡ
ҵĲƸǸ棬˶ȴʮֵ㣬ԭʮ꣬ǰԭͳĹ¼ҹˣ֧ųļҵͼҲ
ⳡ֮ǰԭȥŦԼͬеĻһ˾һ飬ǳɥˣ©ͣ˴ըʱ⣬˾Ǹ鶼ըˣеĶճ˻ҽ˾ʬ嶼ûƴ
⣬ʮֳأһҪúò˾ļˣɥ˵ļ˽ɽ
ЩأȻæ⣬˴δѲк󸣣һúúףףһ⣬Ȼصָ⣬ϲʲôζĵ⣿
Ҳ֪˲ܻڱʹУȥı䲻ֻܽܣչյұȽϲζġ
ҲϲζǾζĵ⡣ȻЦ
ڵͷá
忴˽һۣϲүǰĬԣʲôʲô¶ģ˴⣬ǸЩӣˣҲЦˣȻС㣬үү
ѾȻˣȷʵǸ¶ѧҵһֱŦԼֻǸͨС졣ܲүϲѽҽҲҪ׳ҵ
ֻҪүϲүõˣ֧֡
λͱסñȽƫԶڽһĶװһۿȥûʲôرģϸ֮һ
ǰ綼ڹŴҲСʹıҲ̫Ծ
ȻͲһˣöˣЩӣҲһֱ˸żȸԾǵķһֱ졣
Ҳһ¶飬ͨѧͨѾļޣͻȻôķӣ𾪺ͼġ
үȻϢһ£÷ٽķڶ¥ֱߡ尲Ӷ˽źãЦų˵
ڵͷȻڴĿ壺¥м䡣
壺һ鷿
ڣ¥أ
壺һġ˶ٲ䣬ҺӶ˶סһ¥
ڱ˵ǰСס¥
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Ȼ΢Цŵл
ڻص䣬һſ˵ϱĿ˳һʱռϢͼҳ
ûо籾Ҳûԭļ䣬һжܱԾһУҪС
ֻԭǰЩʲôҲֻ֪֪ܺˣĿǰϢǺܴ󣬹ؼֻһǾչｫһĶ˰Ȼ
ܿȻĿꡣ
ϵͳⲻƵɧܺ滹ˣǲᶨԣӰͲأ
ֻʵʲôŮѻδ޵ˣΪȻŮѻδ޴ӶУ
һĨڣϹ
ڴͷϵĺʼǱ򿪣һԭĹ
٣ûκλţҲûŮѣ˵ԭǸŮɫ
̤ʵ˲١
ӰԭйصŶһ飬Ҳ֪ԭǸʲôˣ̽ţУֺ˸ǣľӢ
ԭļҾ˸ǳ£ӦҲ٣ú۲ĸ١
۾ᣬں˱ʼǱЩűֻǱ棬ʵΣһ塣
ܿ췹˱ˣ¥Է¥µʱ򣬰Ȼû˵ڷ绰ҲûȳԣһԣʱһЩ顣
үǰֻŹʣϲûŮѣҲûδޡЦǺǵĻ
һĳ˵أԭûһծȻѻ
ȻˣֻҪúôȻͲˡ
˷򣬰Ȼˣתͷȥһ·ë´ȹιð͹£ò˵ȻǼõģֻǾֵֹģڹŴˣ˱صĴţͻȻִЩϰߡ
ϰˡ
˼õˡȻǰǸ˵
ҡͷʿĳ֣
Ȼлض
ڷɫ̫ãһһʣôˣ£
ûû¡ȻҲӡ
ڿƬ̣˵¸ңҰ
лл㣬Ȼȸϲ
û˵ʲôԷ
ȻһֱԵúܰҲţϵĽѧΣһ˿
ڹŴ˺ü˶Щϰˣ򵥳ЩðȻЩϢͻطˡ
ȻȥıӰ˵ʲôʲôҲû˵ҧҧ˷䡣
ص䣬óֻ˵绰绰ͷܿ챻ͨѹ˵ŦԼǱϽãҲϣ֪ЩʲôҲϣҳʲô°ɣãҵĺϢ
˵绰Ȼסֻңⶼ
ҹ˸Σֻص˸մʱ򣬺ŵˮ㣬֣һжô񾲶ãͻȻ䣬ʧˮ㱻һɫУž
Ȼڴоѣͷ󺹵
űƿĽŲ𣬲һ޶˵Ů˳ڴߣʣңôˣﲻ𣿡
ڿܾﲻԾ˵ڵĸоһ֮˱߾ܼˡ
û£˸Ρջߣҡҡͷ
ȻȥԡëǷģ¡
ץסԼ֣ʣȻһֱû˵ôȵң
Ȼһͷ˵ȥϰ;пڵϣʹ˼ĵĵ绰
㡣ڷſ֣ùеëԼʣŦԼˣ
ꡣȻء
ڶһ٣Ķ˵лʱдĻŦԼһСҸãﲻǺϤһ취ϵļˣعơ
һŦԼˣӦòϤɣ
ѵ


47ܲ3

緹, Ȼȥʳˣóֻ˷ͨѶ¼, Ȼͨһ绰Ҳ¡
ԷµЧʺܸ, ʱͻظ˽ڣҽԺѾˡ
⣿ɳϿŵĽڹصֱ壬ʣΪα⣿
绰ͷ˻أҽνǸԺ󲻾þٰһξ۲, Ⱦһδ֪ĲֲȾԺǿܿͽҽԺҽʿͲ˶Ⱦ, ̶24Сʱʱ䣬ҽԺ˴, ҽԺڵһʱ䱻룬δоҽԺе˶ˡ
ֻ, ʲôô, ȻʱڸȾôˣ
绰ͷ˼˵ҵǷֵ, ҽԺû˸Ⱦ, ֻǼҽԺ, ҽԺҲ⣬ʱڲκ˳룬Ϊ˱ֻ, طϢ, ڰо
ô˵ͰȻ⣬ǸҽԺ˶ˣδҲ̫ɺ˵㣿
ڿڳΣлɵѿ, ƽһʣǵط⣬ɻбر£
֮⻹һشͨ¹ʣҽԺ鷢úŷġ
ڻ˸˵˵˵ϸ
һʿתʱһײʿ෭ʱ϶ʮ˿Ͱ˾ˣһŮҴ档
ھȲѣʱڳô¹ʣԸĸܿܲ⡣
˵Ůںδʡ
û̫δѣҽ˵ֲܻˡ
üͷŮʲôˣ
հ23꣬Ǹ¶Сʱ򱻻ԺһǰȥŦԼǴԺԺŮʿȥβġ
⣬͵ĳ￴ȥȻԺ¹ʣôɺϣ
ҵ绰ֲͨһ绰ԽϼŴƲŵ壬ȥŦԼһ˻عƣеҽƷöɽϼŴƲŸ𣬾ȥ졣
ǣܲá
ˡ
ͨȻһЦ߳˳ָֻɫǰˡ
Ȼҡҡͷࡣ
ڽӹڲǰÿһܺóԡ
ллȻɬһЦó˵弸ֻԸף
ڵͷá
ãڱ˸ԸᣬȻҲ˸Ը۾ÿȻۣʣҲԸ
ǣһҾҲҵʶ󡣡Ȼеʶȷ
ȴ˼üףһػ
õġȻܸˣп⣬˷ֳԡ
𣬽ڲ̫ʳһûٳԣʣȫȻˣӽԺǰǸİȻɹᣬϷ⸻ΪĽŮˡ
군⣬ȻýȥɢɢҲûоܾű˼Ȧ˵˵ЦЦպǢȻϾܳΪ̫̫˵ޱȸԾ
ʱ֣ڽӵ˽ϼŴƲĵ绰ѾˣǵѾӵ˻عķɻ
ܺã½ҽԺһύ½ȥҽΡĹ˵绰ִ½尲׵ŷֻϣҪǰ㡣
Ȼ׼¥ͻȻֻˣһɫͽŹϣС˵绰ʲô£
ҽԺǸŮ˱˽ˡ绰ͷǸ˵
Ȼɫ䣬˵ʲô˽ˣ˭ӵʲôط
ҴˣǱϼŵĴƲŽӻعҽˡ
Ȼͷ͵һʲôϼţ
Ȼ䵽˽ϼŵУҾû취ˣԼ취
ô㶯㲻ںˣýϼŷҪýڲʲôǶûùӳԡ
Ҳ붯֣ǰǸŮһֱ粽ûᰡܲΪ˳ұ¶˰ɣڲǵõսĵŪǺܼ򵥵£
Ȼһӻ𣬵ҷֻţ˶Էҵ˵绰
ΪʲôϼŻ߰ѵѾʲôģڶǰûκҪǷôܻôã룬סһҪס
С㣬ȥԷˡſڴӶ˵ĺ
ȻæӦ֪ˣ
˼ѹȥڳһĵЦݣ¥
ʲôôôòڲĿٵʡ
Ȼɫһţûûɶ쵰ԶˣЩ
ҪҪ½ڹػʡ
ȻҡͷòãϢһ¾ûˡ
˵һҪ˵š
õġȻ˿ڶôģһʲôҲû֣ˡ
˸˼Էʱ˭û˵ֱʱ򣬰ȻװĿˣ
ҽھͺá˵
ȻЦŵͷҲҰȻɡ
áڷ꣬ʣոҪ˵ʲô
Ȼҧҧ˵ŦԼǰͬ´绰ģᵽϼžһˣʿģ
£ǽϼһƲţרһЩƶѧһЩش󼲲Ǯҽεˣ첿绰ң˵ŦԼһش󳵻ҴĻˣѾǮҽΣҿɲԾͬˡƽĻص
Ȼ˿ԭǽģǹ˾ʾơ
£ҽҵѵƾԼǺ¡ں˿ˮ˵
Ȼֿ˽ڼ䣬׷ĵĶˮȡ
ͻȻʣˣǸ˽аʶ𣿡
ʶȻܻء
ںɵĿհҶǳԻԺĹ¶Ϊʶأ
ǶհΪԺհǸգ¶Ժ˺ܶ࣬һʶġȻĽ͡
Ŷһûټ⣬Ҫع˾ϰˣʲô
ҡȥƲţҲƾԼˡȻץסᡣ
ڿޣȻãһȥ˾԰㰲š
лл㣬ڡȻߵ£һм
˵ҵֲչôã㰲ŸԻرĶһԺ¾ҽڵ£ʲôҪ˵ؿ
áȻȸϲ֣⻰ǲڰʾѾһˣ
ϾҪɹˣϾܹ˵ðྭӪһУ˴ƲţͻлŪȻںͽҵһжȻһ˵ˣ˭Ҳߣ
лҪ˵ޱҶѾһûгˣ
ɫ1ڹȥˣϣ2һжܺ


48ܲ4

ڴӶǰİװƤЬ, ʮ˹˾רĳӡ
Ӻܺ, ֻĸ, ڡȻһ˾Լһڻ㱨
ڿڳϱĿ˳㱨һ˾
ڹϢΪֻǳȥ, ˾е鶼ɶ˹˾мòý⣬һ
㱨깤ԶԼ״̬, ˾Ҳһ˼Ŀڱʮְ
Ȼ㱨Щ״, 𾪵òУϼŲK̳ͷϴ, һⶼǰ˾һӮ, Ƿ֦ͷˡ
ҽ˧, Ժ, Ҫܼ޸, һҸŮˡ
뵽⣬̲סȫǵϲɫ
ͣ, ˾³ڴ򿪳, ڴŰȻ˳̧ͷǰĸ¥
ϼܹ32㣬װ޵÷ǳ, KĿĴڡһǰη֮С
Ȼվ¥£ĵֱĽϼţűȴ˵ݻ϶ˣôҲû뵽ȻһܳΪϼŵһԱ
ǳΪϼŵһԱϼŽ
˷ܡȸԾϲӿӡ
ڿⶰ¥ûʲôֻ̫һ㣬ܲð칫ڶ¥ηߡ
ҴȥڳȫӲİȻ
Ȼͷɵĸ
ӭܲû
֪ڽջع˾˾еĸ߲㶼һ¥ĽӴӭӡ
ոµĺ̵̺ſڣ߲㹧λԣͦε߽ȥһͷ̧
ֱܲרõݣ߲ǲŴ˿һ߻صԼ¥һСŸոձŲ˵Ļ
ܲþȻһŮ˾ĵͷһⰡ
еɣ
飬ݵʱܲûȽ
ѵܲγεż
δϰ𣿡
͵͵ƳһۣõǲҲãԭܲϲ͵Ůˣ
˵ʲôݻһأ
ǣܲûйͲǵϰҾͻϣ
ˣŮǲϰ㶼ûϣ
ͣ32¥һ߳ݣһ칫ҡ
ܲð칫Ҽа¥װׯϣ󲿷ļͼΣɫԺڿΪ߽ȥȻȻ
תһȦҲһڷ룬ذ͹ⷢβһȾǴ˺ġ
ȻҲ¹ۿԽԽľȸϲ
ι꣬˰칫ǰС˵ȥѴƲй
ǣܲáС˳ȥǰ绰
칫ֻʣ½ںͰȻȻ˿
Ц˵ﻵ˰ɣ
ãǵһμôĹ˾ܼȻ˵͵Ĵɳˡ
ɳ˯ĴҪҵһжã̫Ҹˡ
Ц˵ϰ߾ͺˡ
ȻиǸˣϰߣǲǱʾԶߣһֱһֱߵġ
ǰǣȽǸ
ƲŵĲܿ쵽ˣҲӣֱӿżɽ˵λȻСҵѣһʵĹ
õģܲáӦ£תȻС㣬ɡ
ȻվЩĿڡ
˵ȥ°һؼҡ
áȻȸϲͷˡ
˰칫ҺֱɽһϰµģʮˣڽҲ꣬ǵһοôĶһŮ˵Ҫ֪ǰĽڣȥκһŮˣĻԸȻŹ˵°һؼҡ
ѵ˵ںͰȻѾͬӹϵ
ӴδϰﵽԼֵ¹˰ͽ᣿
˼˴϶԰ȻЦǸˣС㣬⸱ְλ𣿡
Ҫǽ˵ĲŰһݹðȻλˡ
ⲻðȻԼλãҲֻиλʺλδϰˡ
Ȼͷһġ
ɲϡʲôƲְλҪǽųΨһвĻˡ
Լİţ˿ԴڲתһȦȥ˸İ칫ҡ
ȻȲ֪ȥ˵鷳˾˵ϸһݣϤϤ÷㿪չĹ
ãϸ͹
˰칫ңŹΧˣ׷ĸʲôͷ˵ܿδϰλСźŰɣ
ȫ
룬һ䣬úùϰ﷢ʲô⣬Ǿͱڽϴȥˡ
æͷӦǣһѷ綼ɢȥ湤ˡ
ϼKеһҵ쵱⣬ڽϰ߳ȥӶֱͦϾ޽еĺôˣӽˮ˲Ż벻ǰͲﶼܳԽ뷹
ܿ콫ϰᵽ˰Ȼİ칫ңȻԱδϣʣ˾¾һλŦԼĲôûϣ
Ŷѽµķɻϻûء
ŶһװʣᱻĸҽԺ
ҽԺ
ҽԺҽνڵǸ˽ҽԺ
ȻʣΪʲô԰ŵҽԺҽԺɲͨԽȥġ
Ϊ̫أͨҽԺҽβˣŰȥҽԺҽԺԺ½ⷽרңԸõҽλء
ףΪʲôܲҪ˵ܲλӻعҽԺģܲȴҪţ𣬾˵Ļش
ԵҲˣԼδҲҪ
ʾǮ˵
ȻͷŵҲɣϣҪͽɣ
û⡣ˬĴӦˡ
ڽӵĻ㱨绰֪˰ȻľٶδɫĹ˵绰ȻСн칫ңʣʲôʱ·ɻ
2㡣Сء
˵ϢƲţ˵ĵ㵽ҽԺ׼
Сһۣδ˵תҪߡ
ڽס˵ȡ2Ļ顣
ǣ
鵽ˣǸаĲĵ㵽ҽԺ߽칫ҳ칫ǰ˻ػ
Ȼ˿ֱϵʱ䣬֣ܳ˵֪ˣҽԺǰ׼
£ڵĸ˱ȲųȥæδϰﰡҪǵأûкõķչһźˡ
㣬ڴС뿪˽ϼţֱȥҽԺ
ҽԺ˸սӻӻ겡½ҲҪȥ飬ˣЩԾ岻ʣ
ܲŦԼӻλ˵ġСء
½忴˿ǰߴͦΣһˣǳԾˣͷԹӦҼȥǻ㱨ġ
ܲúͬ鳵ˣرش󳵻ģһʱˣ֪˵ðġСΪػ
½ͷǸͬܣôӳĲˣ˽ڼ䣬ȥˡ
ǽϼžĲˣͬһ㣬ҽԺһVIPУֻܴһˣǰ
ڻ˷½˲һ۾ͿڲǸСݵΣɫԲ԰ףڵסڱǣ۾Ҳţ࣬һָɾĸо
ߵߣŵһɺϤˮ㡣
ʧʧһ꣬ʹ쳣УȻȫˮζȻǹˮܵܵᵽˣҿ϶ζմʱᵽζһģһ
лҪ˵ӸֻˣȻţҲ֣˯Ӧöߡ

49ܲ5

ڴս, ϵˮŨ࣬Ũ, ζҲú, ȷеĲ롣
ǽڣһͦѹ, ҪͣС˵仰Ȼת½˵һҪ
á½ͷ
ں½ûע⵽, ڶ԰˵껰󣬰ָ΢΢һ¡
½ڸһϵеļ, ߳˻ԺԺŮʿ, ŽǾ, ŮʿǸм, ˵˺ܶлĻ
ҲҪʰ, ڲ, ˵ǴȥŦԼβģ
ǵġ˵⺢ҴЩТ˳һˣǸԺȥĺӣϢ, ǰͲԼǸԺȥ, ǾڸԺǲʵĹȥԸñ֪ЩĵģҲֻǷڸҴ㶫, ˵úñصĻֻаҵ迴ÿͳԵõģ¸ѡ
ǰõĸӲҲ˵ģҲһͰˣԩǮɰ֪뷽跨Ǯβȥ֪꣬ŦԼǸСһרθӲҽĵİȰ˹ȥҵĲκˣȴ
˵̲סĨᣬҪҲһϹͷˣҲûӿɻɰᰡŸոտʼôһڴ϶ȹ
Ҫ֪ĽǲҲȥŦԼ
Ǹдڿһۣʣ֮ǰʲôر£
ǰҽԺּ飬ҪŶˣ˸Ǯǰһ죬ͻȻ˵Ǯˣҽ˵ҵ̫ã뾡˼죬Ҳ֪ĳﹻǮʲô˵ֻҰУ롣⺢ѽ̫ˡݻ˵
˼ŰݵĻԭ㹻ǮȴǰһǮûˡǱǮȥǮز٣Ӧõĵط裬ǱǮõ˾γ˳ϣԲǮԳ
ôﹻǮȥ⣬ز죬ڶ̶̼ڳﹻһǮ˽裬ǮˣɲԼһ£ǰȻ
뵽⣬ʰݣǸԺиаȻģ㻹ǵ𣿡
ǵãͰСҪãǰȻȥԺģ԰ȻԼ׽һֻǰȻǰ뿪˸Ժ밲ϵ˵
룬ʣͰһֱ֪Ȼ𣿡
֪ǰ˵иϢҪң˵ǹڰȻģ˵ٸң˭֪ͳ¡̾Ϣѡ
šüʣҸոսƺᵽһˮζڲûаڷˮζģ
Ӧǰϴ׹ӷġ˵⺢ӸյԺʱϹһ«״ĵ׹ǵ׹ܷһֹ㣬żˡʱԺĺӶϲӽȻЩʣ˵һѶˡ
һǵãȻʮ꣬͸һһĺ«׹ǵ׹Ҳһɹ㣬Ͱһģһֻĵ׹ζ겻ɢȻǸǵˮҪʱӲάζ
⣬ȻʮˣģԭȥŦԼ˳ȣѸǮľϣ治֪ôϵ˰Ȼ赽ǮȻӰе֪˾飬аð˰ݱ¶ư˳
ô˵ǸҽԺĲҲ⣬ҲǰȻΪ
ֻǰȻһͨС죬ôش¹
µûӦûͬ
ֻһףʱ򣬸֪ݣȻûбҪðĶˣǸ⵰㲻ûöðգǰȻһʼ֪ݡ
֤ųӻˣҪϵŦԼĹ˾˲ȥŵ֪ӹڸϹȥû˻֪ʵݡ
Ȼô֪ǽܲõأ
ͻȻЩͷʹ鲢ô򵥣мܻʲôΪ֪ı
û°ɣݼͷʡ
ҡҡͷҪڣ½Żʿ˲վ½ߵһԣʣô
һЩ鶼ûʲô⣬ָòֻǳʱܵصײ´ܵˣŵԲѡ½ѵüڶһôģкǾȣԻشҲϸ
ʣаѹ𣿡
Ҫһļ飬Ҫβ¶ۡ½˵
ʣҪʱ䣿
һҡ
룬˵ڿʼͰŮʿκ˲ÿҲκ̽ӣҵĻ𣿡
ס½ɫԽڲһҪȻҲԹ׼κ˿ֻǰһؽҵİȻʲô
еİڴ
뿪ҽԺʱ½һƿҩʱ̫ۣҲ˶˼ǣͷʹ
ھͺǺˣ̯һ˵ϵͳܲ˼һˣڻûǰ˵ȥҪЦţ
ص˾󣬽κ˲Ҫţڰ칫Ϣ
һ˽⣬֪ԭΪеԭϴ˾ˡ
ӶҲȷһ£˲ǰȻ
ȻӽͼĽӽͼĽӽһԭ򣬵һӶԷϵõʲôôڶڸʲôΪ֪ܡ
ͨʱ԰Ȼ˽⣬Ӧԭռˡ
˼
ڿʵƤתϣתαشһKз羰ǣԽԽ˼ˣȻϵͳԣ̼
룬Ȼ鵽ҽԺȴ˵˰Ĳ⡣
˼½Ժ˵Σָ⣬κ˲̽ӡһʿ˵
ȻάſЦݣǽϼŴƲȻ˽ǹ˾Ĳ˵ģҵĹ벻ҪΪѡ
ôҲ㲻ҪΪѺ𣿡ʿԭ
ȻĿŭ
ʿôӣ˵ֻǽȥ˽ⲡԲʲô˺˽ⲡ˵ʵǹ˾ˣ
ҽԺֻԺġԾɲͨڡ
÷źݻ˽ⲡǹ˾ͲˣҪʱʧ˭𣿡
ҡˣҪ˵ֻǽȥӣʱ½ˣٴ⣬æߵ½ǰ˵һ飬ʾԺô죿
ô죿½忴ŴôҲ͸߹ôô
̧ͷ½壬Ӣȫ࣬ͷһǣ֪ôˡ
ߵǰֲðȻȥ
ȻʩʩȻߵ½ǰ˵½Ժּˡ
С㡣½òͷ첻˽ϼŴƲŵĸȻ硣
Ȼ̲ס̣ССıȵ½Ժ˵̽Ӳ˾Ͳã
СĪ֣λʵ⣬Ѿʾˣͬȥ˾һ裬ֱӾΣСԻȥʽ½ƽ˵
Ȼȣ֪ܲˣ
Ȼڵһʱ㱨˽½
ȻЩջ𣬡½Ժ˵ܲǾʶزܻ˵Ӧý˵㱨ƲŲŶԡ
ģǻģλ⣬ҲֻԴСĪ֡½˵ڻйתˡ
Ȼð½壬ǽҵ˽ҽף˽̫̫һĲ˵ľ½壡
ֻҪ취ʳѰ
Ȼʱȥˮİݻˣ˾ȳ
Ȼȥǰݣһ⣬ˡ
лҪ˵ҶӣҾ˵̼ɣ㻹ţۣ
ڣۣ
ҰæղһרòҶӷлңæ

50ܲ6

Ժ裿Ȼǰס˰ݵ, һ;ϲ
û뵽ȻҲܼ, Ȼ, ոΪϴˣ㣿
ң, ûϴȻȻȻȵıסݡ
ؼиУЩ, ʣЩȥôҲϵ
ұҵһֱڹ⹤һǰŻع, ʵ̫æˣûüϵ, Ժ, 𣿡ȻŰ, ʡ
ݵͷ, , ͦõģȥһѾ, 㻹ǵȥεĲ
ǵüǵ, ҴСҪã˭Ҳôĳ, ˣԺ裬𣿡ȻװʲôҲ֪ʡ
ݿ˲һ۳˵ãҳβ˳񻹻Բѡ
˳ȻȣҽԺ𣿡˶٣ӹеϴ򿪿˿˵ѵǹ˾ĳ˰ҵİã
˵ǣ䲡ڣȻȻڽϼϰࣿ
ԣҸյϲãҵĵһ̫ˣ̫ˡȻ̾
Ҳ˵ǰ̫ˣڤڤ֮һжѾźˣȻȻһĹˣһܶȹѹء
Ȼֱͷûҵİһܶȹѹء
ôΪجβŶԣ
ֻԺ裬ڼܰҺҽԺ˵˵Ҽһ𣿡ȻΪڴĿŰݡ
˵½Ժ˵Ҫܳ¸Ⱦϸʲôġ
Ժ裬ҲҾͽȥһۣҶܶûˣͰңҼһɣǻԲҲҽȥ˵仰ѹأȻȰ
ԥƬ̣ӦˣãȥԺ˵˵ȥ
Ȼ˿
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½뵽ʱ˵Ļ㣬ðȻʹӦ
΢Ц˵ãȥһۣɾô
ݲʱص԰Ȼ˵ԽˣȻв֪⣬ϻѵס½壬㵹ѽ
ȻϷŰݽ˲ŵ˺ԹôصĳŪ㣬ҵһΰɣ
Ȼֱ˹ȥݸˣ½Ժ˵ֻԶԶһۣܿ
Ҳ̫û̫ˣԺģҲˡȻ޲ȥаµ̫ڣֻ֣ǿš
ŰȻ֣ڰǰԶľͣˣ˵֪˭ȻȻ㣬ոڲˣȻǽϼˣⶼԵְһͦǧҪ𣿡
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ݵͷãЩһܽܳҲʵˣҴ֣Ҳɵ㣬ֻȻȻⲻᵢĹɣ
ģҵĹǾæһ飬ҲڹõҡȻ˵
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ᣬܺһһҲίȻɬ˵ţҪϿ
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һֱԸĿֲһĻըĳӣը֫ɵˣԼصѪ
ͻȻȫ첲ڴǣͣĵ˵ҲǹģҲǹ⺦ǣǱҡ
лҪ˵ˮ档

51ܲ7

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˼, , 
ǡСתȥ, һһװĵ˽˰칫ҡ
÷²豭̧ͷȥǾġ
, ˵ŦԼ˳, Һܵ㡣ǰػ˵
ڲûԭļ䣬Բ֪ǰͻȻðĵܵǺηʿ, ˵Ӧֻһ磬˵ܵǸʲô
ǣһã
ˣ磬Ƕ㲻ǵ𣿡
ڣǵˡ
Сæ˵ܲǰһЩ¡
Ȼߵ࣬˵һ½ݣ˵ܲõĶӣܲһֱûһֱܲãܲΪ˰鷳ȥӼ֤ʵȷʵǽҵˣǷӼ⣬ԼǽҵˣܲȥҲûͳˣôǵһλ
꣬ǹһĨԭð˽ӵˣԭĸ׶ûϵˣڿ磬Ҳ
磬ʧˣ㻹ҪҰʲôҪҪҰæĵطֻܿڣ洫浽ŵĹС
ֹǰĶ˵ǸֻһӣûֵܽãҺõúܣҪκ޹ؽҪ˰æ
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ˣڲͷĴĻСȥҲټˡ
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ȻʱɫҲܹ죬˽˸񣬶һ뿪һ˰칫ҡ
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˵СȷʵѾϼˡ
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лҪ˵ⲨɧСɰǿô

52ܲ8

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ܲ, ̳ĳƺ, ²ǽܲ, ȴûм˸ٶ, ϾֻҪ, K㣬ǧǽϡ
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ŶǸѣҲǹ˾Ǹ˲Ϊ¸أȻ˵ʵ
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裬ⲻǰҽԺĽ𣿡
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лҪ˵ǣᡡ

53ܲ9

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һһĽ˵˵껹ûУҪû͸ϸĽ˵һ飬ֱȫŪΪֹν
Ȼһһ𣬼ĬָקȭڰϺûйܹɽȴ԰ϸģΪʲôýڸⰲһЩ
ôĴںͰʲôҲ֪ǿȫûн֯ˣڲܻⰲġ
Ū𣿡ͣڰסſڣҲպ꣬ڽ˵һ
ͷˡ
³ȥúϢ첻ٵڶ
ͷ⿪ȫ򿪳˳ںͰȻ˻ֲŽݡ
ݣڲŶ˾˵ȥ
ӵͷʻؽҡ
Ȼ˵ˣԽ˵ԲҲڹ˾֡
ȥ£ᡣЩˣڳϱĿ
Ȼ̬ô䵭ܲζίÿˣڣǲǺң
⻰Ӻ˵𣿡ڲͷʲô
Ȼίˣ޵ϡﻩģԽԽ䵭ˣڣǲòãˣҸĻ𣿡
ȻޣϲŮ˿ˡֱ壬óһֽݸǲǹ̫ˣ̫ˣͷżϢһ¡
ȻҡҡͷҲۣҾܲͻȻô䵭ڣǲǾðҿɰϲǲϲϰˣ
ں˵ʲôأȻǲʲôںεͷ˶˵ҾҪ侲һ㣬ѾҵʵķӣͰȥɣú侲һ¡
ȻȻֹڡ
ǡʱͣڽſڣڲ˵˾˵һַȻ򿪳˳ͷҲصĽ˽ҡ
ȻһãȻڳϣӲܿƵĹᣬۿͦθߴʧУֱӿԶŻع׻ˣڲסˣ
лҪ˵զأСˣ׼Ҫʲôʱأ

54ܲ10

ү, ˣ, ȻСûһڻص, ӭǰкûȻʡ
˵ȥСסˡ
Ŷ, ҲáԽΩǴӣҽ˵ֻðȻʱסڽңȻ˹, ȻҲҪסģȻȻԽж, Ҳ޷ݵסһ˷顣
Ȼûлؽ, Խûв˿Ӱ, Ӷֻһס˼Ŀ, һվ, ¶԰Ȼ˵ȴصĴ
˾͵KĸСB606, һһʮƽķӣװ޵úڵļҵһǸߵƷ, ճҲӦо, ûнҵıҲǺլˡ
ҪǸǰƲԲһҲķ, ܵõһ׺լζЦѡһˣǸӹ¶ԺŶѧǧټһ۵Ĺ˾ͨԱҪСĽİȻˡ
ӵеҪǰõҪǿٱǧܳΪŷˣܽᣬΪĽ׷Ķôĵõô㶫ô֪㣿
㿡ˣһòĸ޵ķ⣬ЩģȴǰһݸĹһ׷ӣġ
ݺݵɨ˷һۣóֻͨһ绰ιûұڸϳˣڸСB606ãҵ㡣
˵绰תһȦ־Ƽаƣһƿ˾ƣӵһ
رңδȹҵľƣֱյɤۣȡߵǰеĴӶ򿪣ҹ紵žˡ
˰ƿӾƵʱˣѾͷؽᣬԺһҡεĴţݡ
ˣƺ죬·߲ȵŮ˲ʡ
Ȼҡͷûáյǰ˸á
æһξ룬һķУ㿴ʲô°첻ãȾơ
ңҪҵҩûãûôᱻڸϳ׳˵Ȼžƾ
˵ҩûõģһֺĲ˴ӸȾֻҪ24СʱοǸò˼Сʱͻûûҩ
ôûȥұκ˶ϣȻһݶ˵
Ȼ֪Ȼ԰ĺ⣬Щ׾⣬Ҳȥ̽飬±ץסѱͷİ֣ˣѾˣڰʧȥ˼䣬ǲеҡ
ǰ˽ڵ飬ڶ԰ѾˣұסڽңֻܱϵƵطһҪҡȻɳϣƺһڣ˵
ҲŻ𣬶ϵһһָԼһٴκȵ˵˭ûã㶼סˣ㲻ڡǰɫѵŮһۣʣͽסһôãûзʲô
ûУסڲͬ¥㣬ֻгԷʱһƽʱǸԴţҺüŽӽ޶ԣҲġȻѾˣĿŽЩ۳ĶһһĺãΪʲôûӦǲ˰
û뵽ƾôһӾͷҲͷۻΪȻ˵ˣһѽקסݺ˵˵˭ˣ
Щ꣬ˣΪܳΪҵүϷ⸻ǸͷӾȻŪһЦò㵽ȥŬôЩڹ˾վȽŸΪؼӣ˭֪ýڸˡ
ûõŮҲҳôʵȥ
˵㰡һŮͶͱ㶼ģͲǸˣȻˣ˽ڣ˵
ͨ죬̧һƳȻɿȥȻѹ¡
ֳ춯Ϊ˾ƣûأҲûϡ
һ磬Ȼֻȫ񱻻һ㣬ͷҪɢˣǰ龰һ˲ʧ񣬵Ϸ£ץҵ·סԼܡ
ѣһۣҲһ㶣ܿϰߣͷ˵ƺ-ʲôֵġǾƿңͷʹˡ
ҪҪý֪ˣһôңȻǲԼʧǵĲܼ޽ҡ
˵ʲôҲ˵ڲ֪˵ϵ·ȥԡҡ
ȻҲǣ㲻ˣ·վһתͷִӻţʱһæ߹ȥӹϣϣϵûб˿
ϴó԰Ȼ˵취ȥػĻģ£ľˣ㡣
á
ߺ󣬰ȻҲԡϴȻʲôҲûϹϰࡣ
˹˾ֱȥ23¥ҽڡ
ܲð칫ڸù˵ǣպǢ
Ȼ칫ÿһĻ뵽Ļһ¶󷽵Цܲã顣
ЦŻӦ
ðȥȻζ𣿡
ܲã뻻ݹ֪ɲԣȻֱ˵˵
üʣ뻻ĸţ
ܲõӦòֹҪһˣܲ߰æȻ˵
ڿѾ湤İһۣ˵һ͹ˣһҪԸ⣬͸С
⡭Ȼԥһ£Ӧˣá
ȻһͽڳϦദѾ23¥һ󲽣շһ½ڡ
Ȼȥ󣬰սеıʣͬڿĽһۣ¶һ΢Ц

С֪ȻҪǳأУѾȻɻˣǰʱʱѾܲˣֱӵߣҪ
ǽڵĵ䣬ٲԸҲýܣֻðųһλȻ
ֻСû뵽ǣȻǺ֣ܰÿŬѧϰҲǫСһµʱ䣬ʲôزҲûЩϡˡ
ֹСϡ氲Ȼı֣Ҳ⣬鿪ʱ򻹵˰ȻȻҲûнǫѧϰ
ϣȥСҹ󳢵Ȥһʰ
ֱһ죬Ȼ׼ʱûΪǽ̫ܵӰû⣬ɹһܺԾûŻˣ⣬ֻˣŻˣ˵绰ҡһˡ
úܿ죬˱˼Ƭ˵ˡ
ʲô᣿ȻŵɫˣҪ֪Уô̫̫
Ц˵Ҹͽ-ȻΪģػȢ㣬ʱ޽ңŪ⣬ŪڣʱͺӾǽΨһĲƲ̳ˣʲôǾܵõҵһС
ȻƻϵĵǱ˻ϲá
лҪ˵кϷˡ

55ܲ11

ǸŦԼά˾ֹ˺, ¿ϦˮԭϾҪϻѰ, Ѿ·, Ϧвµʱ䣬Ҫʱҵµĺˮ䷽, ҪƷʱϻ᲻ܲ, 飬ǲʱҪά˾ֹ
ϼŸ߲, гĿǰ˾˷ԡ
ܿ˸飬񲿳˵ǰ, ܲ, ά, Ǽµˮӹ˾һֱܺ, ɹ, ͻȻֹͣά˾ǻӹ˾ʧ
ǼȻʵۺӹ˾иҵ, úǳɫ, ˮŸոտŽ죬ҪǴʱ˾, ǲ۲Ҳ˵
վڽԣ˵Ļʶڣô˷ֹά˾ڻı
ɫɨһ˵ֹά˾ľı䣬Ѱµĺһ£һȥ죬λصģһӰ쵽˾Ϧ¿ˮϼ
һʱҲ˵ʲô
ֹά˾һ£زžףҲϣйά˾κ飬ɢᡣ˵վȥ
ֻͣܲߡ
УҲԼȻ⣬հˡ
ܲã˾ķܾڸջص칫ңСͨ
ڷ²źڵĿȣ˵
˾ܾС۽ʮͷһʮģһɫְҵװһͷ̷ɾð칫ңĿбߵ˽ǰܲá
ָָǰӡ
Сֱӿżɽά˾ṩǵˮԭϼãûκ⣬֪ܲΪԭͻȻֹά˾
ûʲôǹ˾Ĵ˳ۡµĻء
С죬û˵Щε̾Ϣһ˵ðɣȻִܲҪֹҲ˵ʲôˡ
С۶˱ȹСЦŵлһڣʣ֪ܲöµĺ˾ʲô뷨
ܾⷽмң֪ϱȽϳˮԭϹ˾Щʡ
С˵ܲãȷʵ˽ˮԭϹ˾ܶ๫˾ǹʵûôáά˾ǵԭϵȻֻŦԼһС򣬵Щԭ϶ǼõģɫлҪǼ۸ʣ˾Ǿά˾ҲǾõĿ졣һЩʵĹ˾۸ҲȽϸߣ¹˾˵ʡ
˵ڲؿǼ۸񣬹˾µӹ˾ɫֻˮ黹𲽣ҽ㽫ķ˾ϣƱؽˮʡ
ҪôҪôǽҵѵ
ҪĹ˾ȥңԽԽʵԽãԽ̽ĵλҲֻʵ˾Ǻӹ˾Ҳ⡣
Сܹ裬ȫͷ˵ǣܲá
˵˵ЩԭϹ˾Ժģڶ𿧷Ⱥһʡ
С˵ڹԭϹ˾ʮңձӢһҡ
ţڼ˵ˣɿ
С۶˶٣˵һǹңҹ˾ʮǰ͵ˡ
Ȼˣôڹǰʮڿڡ
С۽˵Ϊҹ˾ڶʮǰһǳ־ȻˮܳԽ¹ȥô꣬õǼҹ˾ѾˣԾǰʮ־ò¡
ŶȻҲͰˣܶˮʵĻΪԭƣ־ãҹ˾ˮԱֶõζɢʡ
С˵ꡣ
ꣿ¡
С˵á
ô˵
˵Ǽҹ˾һ־òɢˮеˮ˾ԭϹ˾ڼ֤ǿˮܳãʱǿˮˡ
ֱ壬ʣˣ
С۵ͷˮˣǼҹ˾ûþ͵ˣû֪ʲô£ǹ˾ܲҲ˹Ҳûл
˼ŷС۵Ļܾй£ʣ֪Ǹ˾ܲȥʲôط𣿡
һС򡣡С˵Žʣܲãѵ롭
ڵͷȻǹôɫԭϹ˾ֺαȥң
ܲãǼҹ˾Ѿرն꣬ҵǸ˾ܲҲδáС˵
˵ûԹ²Ҫ¶ۣҵֵûûö֣ȥǼҹ˾ȫϣҡ
ǡСӦ£뿪ˡ
ں꿧ȣ±Ӷ԰˵ʰһ£ҳ
ȥ𣿡ʡ
ڵͷСͰƱ
Ȼ˵ҪһȥͼˣܲãҲһȥɣһ˶һȫ
ˣȥ˲㡣ھܾ
Ȼ󣺡ܲãȥɣұ֤һú鷳ˡ
ڿ죬˵ȥʰһ£Ǽ̳˵꿴ڹ˾ɡ
£ͷá
ллܲãȥʰȻĿ˰һۣ˵˳ȥ
룬СҲˡ 
յС۾ͽϴССϽڣڵ㿪ֻȥҷԭϹ޹˾ܲ57꣬ϣס˹С򡭡
ٽϿ꣬ڽֻССȥǻ顣
ܲãȵˮȻȥˮݸڡ
ڽӹšƿǵݸһƿȡ
ȻһϲڻǶܺõģγһҪջᡣ
ǻܿãһ˷ɻ
ס˾ƵϢһղŷС۵ȥˣһ˼նûҵȻ۵òУԽ˵ܲãҪǱˣ˵Ѿˡ
⼸æˣûԽ֣ʼˡ
룬˵ȥɣϢһ졣
ܲãͰϢɣҳϢС˵
Ȼ˵ԶԣСȳϢҲǸ취
û˵ʲôһ˻˾Ƶꡣ
ڣ˯ûҹȻ˽ڵķš
ϴ裬ԡ۴ţһ߲ͷһʣô£
Ҵ˺ƣǺһɣȻ¶Ľ˶ţ˿ĭɫƽĻ˻ϵľơ
΢ɡ
Ȼϲžƽ˷䣬ȥ˾Ʊ˾Ƶϣǰ׼õĶŽһ
ס׷һһС䣬Է·߳ɳϣôϢ
Ȼ˵ϢһºöˣڣǺܾûеദˣҺȵƺ𣿡
ڿݹľһ˵е䣬ȱģȥõ
ȻЦӦã±ȥñˡ
ڶĽƱһ¡
Ȼ˱ӽ˾ٶݸڡ
ڽӹһ
ȻҲȹ˱ľƣϲˣһܳɹʱٻͶˡ
лҪ˵ó

56ܲ12

һȥ, ȻûȵܣܵҪ, , ҡҡ
ȻˣСȥϢ˵վ
Ȼҡͷ, ҩЧͷѾʧȥǣҲȥ, Ҫһ𣬽, ϲ㣬Ҫһ𡣡
ȥú˯һ, ҲҪ˯ˡڶ㿪˵
Ȼûб, ˵ɳ, Ѿ, ߡ
, һ䷿˵ߵС䣬ţʣС, æ𣿡
ܲ, ˡС𣬺ܿ߷˳ﻹŸԡ
, ǹϵģɳ˵İȻ㶣ôˣ
ƽ˵ˣҰѷøһϢ
ȥ䡣С˰Ȼһۣ˳ȥԽԽˣӡ
ںС뿪󣬰ȻͲ˻þһİԼ·ҲԽһ˺ôһͨ춯ƽ۵˯˹ȥ
գ˯ͲһҶʱĻŭţͽڳˣ̫ˣ
·ڷ˽һȦûˣȥȥˣҲû⣬ƣ۵ȥԡϴˡ
ȷʵȥˣһͺСһţǴס
˹СʻС˸ָĻܣҲˣһ߽ȥʻΧĿҲǷˣѡ۷ΧŻ裬øɾһ㡣
סС򻨻ĵط
һڹŴĺԺʽԺס˸ָĻͷףٻţˡ
ںСÿԺţһаɫ޲װ˳ԺĻУһ飬磬ЦˣλСӣ𣿡
ãǽϼŵܲýڣҵСһЩˮ⣬ðãͻ֮Ҫ𡣡ǫѷ˵
ǵϵЦʧˣòĽ뵽˲ˮд
Щڹ⣬ҲδԹڵһ֪֪ϼжΪһҵܲãԵţòʵںѵãǵ䲻ϲҲûнߡ
Ž˵ܲòԶѰңݳ˸жֻǺܱǸʮǰͲ漰ˮǰﲻϽܲõæ
֮ڵĽڲû̫⣬ò˵޷ҲҪǿѣֻһǹ˾ƳǿȻ־ˮ֪кţ
ɫʱˣʹڰ˵ʲôҲǵˣﲻϽæ
ǡʱһ紵һϤˮŻڵıӣδζֲѣôᵽϵζ
СæȰ鷳úһ룬ǹ˾㿪չˮгǹҵˮҲʣ磬ҲǻˣҲϣǻ˲صںõˮɣ
˵ǿǽǻĴҵǹ˵ĽҵȻҲǣİﲻæذɡվҪͿ͡
ʱˮֳˣڽעŵϣʶ߽һ˵һᣬȻˣҲΪϣǾȸˡ˵òҪֵ
˵˿ǰһס֣ллܲ⡣
ᵽ˸Ũˮ㣬ٴƺʲôζǶģۣ˱𣬴С뿪ˡ
ߺ󣬹ţԺʢĻܣ̾˿̧ó·һ«׹УܰʮˣûǶĳŵҲˮˣҲˡ
ܲãոôȰȰôòҵѵ׷𣿡Сʡ
ڿСһ˵ô׷𣿡
ܲб˵䷽𣿡Сϲʡ
ûгٲϣǷһ
˳ڴ˸绰ٲһϣƽе۾ϸȫҪ֪
õģ
صƵ꣬ޱȵİȻӭܲãڻˣһȥˣ
ȻԺܸоڶϲûһţúھƵϢ
ûͣ²ӣ󲽽˵ݣ˵ȥϢˡ
Ǵ𣿡Ȼ࣬ʡ
ڵͷˣԸæһ뷨ӡ˵˵ݣ˵Ժסҵķ䣬¿˷ϢԺҲøǳȥˣúϢɡ
лܲáȻȸϲɣڶ΢Ů˾ǲһˡ
һ죬ںСЩˣظԵķϢȻҲ£ûȥţҲطˡ
ճԹڵĵ绰ˣô
²һϣõϢ֮ǰĲû̫ĳ룬ֻǵ˸µϢ
ɳϣ˵
ʵһŮ߶ˣĹȲˣΪԵˮûпŮŪŮҲǻѵǰģˮŹر˹˾ӵ˹⡣
ˣ˵ǿ˵ˮʵŮϡ
ֱ壬ˣŮ߶ˣˮҲˣʹʧŮֶʧŻѪƳˮܵصĴŹرչ˾һԸع
ˮ㣬
ͷһ绰ͷ˵һŮǼ߶ģ߶ģҵƬ
õġ
˵绰˼飬Ͱ϶ǹɶصˮ㣬ڸԺŮûпܣ߶Ů
һ㣬οˡ
һ磬ھ͵õ˻ظҲ鵽ˣŮ5ʱ߶ģҵһСʱƬѾֻϡ
ãлᰴʱ˻˵
ллʲôҪܷԸܰ
ڹ˵绰΢ţŮƬԼҵСŮŹȹŸСɰˣҪǣĲϹһ«׹ڰϿǸһģһƬϵСŮüҲ밲мơ
ȻЩֻţ˼뵽ʲôתȥ˰Ȼ䡣
Ȼ򿪷ţЦʣڣˣԹ緹û
ԹˣȻиæ˵
Ȼϲʣʲô£˵
ڿϵĹ׹ܰ㲱ϵĹ׹𣿡
ڣҪʲôȻŹ׹ʡ
˵«״ÿȥ鱦һһ״Ľγ
𣿺ãȥɡȻΪҪΣæ˵Ľ׹ȡ
ڽӹ˵˻㡣
ûҲû£ⶫҲֵǮȻڰ֡
ǰģ֮ôûΪⶫװˮʱģҪ׹ˣʲôװ׽ݡ
΢תˣҪ׹ȥһ


57ܲ13

żĽܲ, ɫЩƣ˵, Ұﲻæ, ܲûȥɣԺҲҪҡ
ܱǸٴδţҽһ, ֪ɷҽȥһɫǫ˵
ǰԥһ»ǽ˷˽˵㻹ʲô
ڽǸ«׹ó, ݸ
׹ʱ˶סһŵֽӹ׹, зżϲ, ҵĹ
ʶôʡ
ֱͷ, ҵĶ, ܲ, «׹Ǵģ
һѵġ˵, һŮ
վŮ
𼤶ڹ, , ʱԴȥֻȷ«׹𣿡˵
˵Ȼ«׹ɢˮζ, ˮ㲻ԵģǵƳȻ־ˮڱǼһᣬԾϸһ£¶ʧⲻƳǿˮ«Ҳ˶Ƶĺ«
ȷڿʡ
«ϣȻȡ˲ϵĹ׹ָ«׹ܴ򿪣ֻм״ĿɢζܲĹ׹ǿԴ򿪵ġ˵ţǸ׹һš˺«ͷǣˮ䷽Ҳȫһͨ˿ܲһֱܷ硣
Ĺ׹ǲʶ밲ȻźܴζҲȷʵһĺ«밲ϵζȴһģ϶һŮ
«׹ӡŮһʮǰӲţͰĺ«׹룬Ů˵⣬ʹѡ
ڽӹȥŮ߶ˣӵеĺ«׹Ҳһˡ
ԭǿˮûжʧϻһݣҾǶˣƳˣƾˣûҪرչ˾֮ԹرΪŮӣԸˮˡ
ŽڣЩ棬ܲѾҵҺܲðµ̬Ⱥ;ģҲԸǰģҴٴˮҵܹܲ½⡣
⣬ֻ˵«׹һģһĹ׹ţʡ
ַϣܲã˵ģ
ǧȷڵͷ
ʣ
ڹڣҲҵѣһհŮ˵СڸԺҹ˾
ǰס˽ڵ֣ܲãɲԴȥ
һĹһǣҵŮˣ
ڵͷȻԣʹˣֶûгţҴΣ
áãҲãǰļҲõģһϲֱͷ
ڱ˵Ǻãͻع
ллܲãһʧɢŮԸ⽫ˮ䷽㣬ꡣ˵
ЦˣǾһΪ
ܲãôˣСڳæ߹ȥʡ
˵㶨ˣƱͻع
С˼ˣ̫ˣϾͶƱ
صƵ꣬ȥ˰Ȼ׹лл
ú𣿡ȻӹЦʡ
ڵͷúˣҲˣͻع
ôͰˣȻȡ
˵š
ڣǲǾû첻ɵ£Ȼһݡ
üðˡ
գһϷɻ˹ȻԻȥϢ
֪Ȼһʱѯͽڳ飬ģӦѾ˰ɣ
ǵȻҰ첻ɵ𣿡Ȼ⼫ˡ
Ц˵֪ˣˣγΪʲô£
ڲֹǹ˾ĺγԭϺ̡Ȼʵ֪
˵˵Ͳˣұ˾ùѪͷ
ֹһ٣˾Ǳ˵ҵ취Ϻع˾ˡ
Ȼӣҳˡ
˽һͨʣļҹ˾
ˣҵǹڵһҵյĹ˾ܡȻʵ˵
ЦˣǲͶ·ˣȻ˼ҵյĹ˾ǹڵģ˵ǻˮȲģǲͶҽ𣿡
Ȼһ˵Ǽҹ˾Ȼն꣬ǹǰʮĹ˾
ҷʡ
Ȼͷ
˵£˵Ȼҵҷܣͷʮǰʧ𣿡
˹С򣬽ˣѾͬϺȻ˵
ɫЩˣСе㱾£Сˣ˵ͷģ
֪ûȥ߹ҵĹ׹û˵ˡȻ˵
ɻ󣬡Ĺ׹
Ȼ׹ȡݸ
ӹ˿ԭϵζⶫģǸˮƿӰǱĲá
ǰҵģһõģֻǷƷȻ˵
ͻȻðһͷ˵߹Ĺ׹ȻͰ£
ǰߵģ˵ˡ
˵ѵ׹ͷʲô
ӦðɣֻǸƷйҲӦǰǸŶԡȻ˵
۾ԣ⵱һʲôǲ֪飬ߣһȥ飬úøڽߣʲôϢҡ
Ȼͷǡ
ȻһΡ
ʱһΰݴԺĺȥʡݽĿʱĿĶǮˣݵĿҲϣͨЩǮܹԺĺӣȻһԷޣıݣ
󣬺ܶǮ˶ǿеĺӣݺǸˡ
ȻҲڴǶԷܰȥǲûдΪкӣһ4СŮźÿĹȹСƤЬǶԷǣ۰ųš
СȻʼˣ͵͵˺ԶԶȻСŮӵһˣСŮİְִСŮȥһܺĴӡ
СȻվڷٳٲԸ뿪ϣԼǸСŮиĸ۰Ư·дסʲôҲûУֻһĸĹ¶
үûãСŮӷ߳ˣһſڳǣСȻͣԼˣ׳ŵ˹ȥСŮãǺó𣿡
ôóԣǲԣǶɡСŮܴ󷽣ǶСȻ
СȻӹǣȲİһԣԵóԵĶˣЦۡ
СŮϲԣܽȥһЦ˵㣬Ҫ档
Ȼһеǣϲĵͷã档
û갲ȻˣһѾˣлҲѣæóֻ˸绰ܣŮ


58ܲ14

绰ͷĽ˵߸ղ߶һŮ, ǸŮϴŷҷ˾ʧˮ˵ˮװһС«, ͺ«һģһ, ˵«ǰģҲ²Ǹܾ߶Ů
ܣڻ֪һ«, ϶ΪҲŮһý֪ˡȻսֻ˵
˵û, һҪڽڷһǰǸҲһ, ȥסڣ졣
ǡȻ˵绰, , , վǸ, ֻ, һвŻҵģң
Ůʿ, 㿴Ƭһ, ھԼ˰ݣŮƬݿ
ݿƬЦ˵ⲻСʱƬ𣿽ôСʱƬ
ȷǰСʱƬ𣿡ʡ
ݵͷ, ǵãʱȻȻǰСģɺÿˣҽôĺӣֻСʱ򳤵ÿӡ̡
Ҳǰ磬ҪǴȰȻÿˡ
һ⣬Ůʿ˵ǰȻظԺģ
ǵģҴŸԺĺȥʡݣ찲Ȼǰ˵·߼񵽵ģûҪĺӣʱŸգЩûˣҽԺ˰£ѽʲôֶǵãֻȴ˸Ժݻ˵
ðһֲ¶ۣϾȻֻȰһ꣬ĺӦòлۣʰݣûŰҸĸ
ͷЩӰеû˼˵Ĺ¶еȴǱĸģڰ֮ǰҲûаźҹĸȴЩ龭öˣҲͼֲˡ̾Ϣ˵
ˣһΪǸĸҪĺӣûаҼˣ֪Ǳģ߶ˣʧȥ˼䣬ųʧȥ˼ˡ
һжôĴɡ
ǲ˵Ϣˣʲôʡ
ڵͷǵģҲҵļˡ
̫ˡݻϲѣʱһ֤
ڵͷҽѧôݲ˵ʲôҲȻ֤ĸŮϵ
뿪󣬽ָ˸绰Сʱ󣬰˽ڵĿ
ܲã˵ˣ˳𣿡ЦŴк
ڵͷ˳
ϸŰüмƣӦø衣
ˮʮֺţ˵һֱû㣬һɺŵˮ㣬ʲôˮ𣿡
Ŷ󷽵Ľϵĺ«ȡܲãϵĺ«׹ɢζ
ڽӹ«ϸۿȷ«ĺ«һģһޣ«أȻɢζ
أоܶΣ«ûиӣǸĺ«ˮӦˮˣȻҲһһĺ«ģǸܴ򿪣˺öˣҵĺ«һֻһ«
ڵͷ«һרҵģһ
أ«һֱţϣһҵҵļˡ˵
Сʱ߶һҲ벻𣿡
ҡͷ˰Ȼңҹƶˡ
ҳһ«һģһĺ«˵
𾪣ܲã˼ǣ
Ҳ²⣬Ǹӵһ«ļˡڿ˵
Ȼܲ£ȥ𣿡
£ȱ𼱡
Ǽʮˣһֱһܼҵļˣû뵽ҵǣܲãлл㣬ҵļˣһúøлĶ顣
Ұҵ˼ˣҲл˵
ҡͷҪ˵ʱ绰ˣóֻһİ룬ɵĽãǰλ
ðС㣬һλаݵŮʿ˳ҽԺȣǵĻϿһˡ
ɫ䣬˵ʲôԺ˳Ϲ
ͷҲһŮʿ˳
ǣܲãҪȥҽԺˡˡ
ס𼱣ȥ
áĨĨᣬҪȥҽԺҪȥԺ衣
ٵ˰ݾεҽԺʿǴ⣬˵ŰݵƺأҽԺһʱ˾ΣУͬ飬ǩ֣ãҲ鷳Ƚһ¡
ʿôˣûΣգץסʿʡ
ʿ˵ȷÿܲܳɹģһᾡβˣȫǰˡ
ŬԼƽͬǩ֡
Ѿȥ˽˷ѻ˵ûµģģѾ绰½壬
лл㣬ܲáԵĸм
½ܿϵ뵽У˸Сʱȣǻ˵̫أҪز۲24Сʱ
ڽתҽԺƣһзɽϴƲŸ𣬲Сȥ鰲ݵĳ
СĻظǣǸƼݵ˾˾˾֢˶ˣãС
ھ͸ŹŹ֣̫ˣ͸¶ݾ˳Ҳ̫ʱˣɲܲ⣿ı
ȻõϢϵҽԺԺôˣ
ȻȻ㣬ܲãûй24СʱΣڣҺ£¡˵
Ȼıţ£һࡣ
ͦôͽ˰ݣֻǰҲ̫ˣôصĳûٶһֲС
һˣϽȥϢһ£ҡȻȰ
ҡͷҪ裬Ҳߡ
ˣҲջָҪ˳ʲô£һ۵ģģȥϢһ£ҰţһϽ㡣
ԥһ£Ӧˣ˲İһۣȥڵ㻤Ϣˡ
Ȼһֱصҹֱʿҽȥ˯ˣ͵͵˲ǰɴİݣݣŮˣµλҵĺ¡
ó״ϣȻε˺Ĳͷ
ʲôȴʱ½
ȻһæĲͷϣתҽͣԺ˵ұֺĲͷˣ͸ˣ½Ժôû˯
½ɫƽһۣߵǰݣû쳣˵ǽҵĲˣҪһЩСҪûʲô£ǱӰ쵽˲顣
ȻЦӦãȻתţ½壬㻵ҵĺ£ӦŪ㣬ֻҪˣûܾȰݺͰˡ
лҪ˵ġ

59ܲ15

ݶȹ48СʱĸΣ, Ҳûѹ½˵пֲܻˡ
ܱʹҲûз, ԼҲҽжֲ, ͬûзŬ˹ͬҲŬﰲѹ
ڸ˸绰, ˵Ҫӳٴȥʱ䣬ڰͬĸһĴڣ񰲻ݳ, һᶪ°ǰȥףΪ֮ҲֻܵȰݵȶٴȥ
½彫Ȼݲһʵ˽, ½мⰲݲһһһ¹ȥ, Ȼûκξٶ
ʵ, Ȼ֪ݳֲ˺ͷ˼԰ֵ˼, ѾѲ, ٶҲǶһ, һĳɰнڽͣҽԺ½屣ݻ, ûֵĻᡣ
, ô죿ⶼȥһˣԾûҵ԰ֵĻ᣿Ȼżĳ˵
һĶӣʱ㻳е¹ȥˡ
԰, ôˣȻѾµĶӣ¶ϲɫ
գȻȥҽԺݣԾûҪѵļתͷһݵİ˵Ҳ̫ˣԺһʱҲѲñԼǣ㶼ˡ
û¡ҡҡͷ
ȻҪ˵ں½ˣæһҪµӡ
ʣȻȻ㣬ôˣ
û£ҾǡȻ˽һۣ˵Ҿǻˡ
½Ǿס
ڵһƽһϷӡ
ʣȻȻ㣬û˵Ѱ㻳ˣ⺢ӵİְ֡
ӵİְǽڡȻֱ˵
½뿴ڣǽڵģ
ڵŰȻҵģ
ǰˡȻûаѻ˵ʲô˼ڳ֮˶
ҧҧںͰȻ˾ƣ˹ϵ
½嵣ǵĿŽڣȻɲǸƲ硣
Ƶ˵ǿʲôҲûȻһǸˣĺӲҵġ
ȻʱɫܣôʲôҲû
ȻС;ƵķԱΪ֤СҷϣҺһ뿪ķ䣬ʲôҲûзڴĻ˵
ȻֱҡͷǣڣҶĺӾġ
ھȻϵ£ô죿
֤ʲôҲûȻ֤𣿡ڲ˵
Ȼҧҧ֤Ϊʵ̫ˣ֪ϵ˭һֱΪǽڵģ˵ôϵ˭
ڼ޻˵½˵úÿŮʿ
õģ½ͷӦ¡
ת߰ɣҴȥط
ͷɫѿİȻһۣŽˡ
޻ʿò˲ҪŽȥ½峯һԵĴ˵꣬õ뿪ȸȸôֶҲɲ˷˵ġ
Ȼȫȴһ仰Ҳ˵ǰôһӶûˡ
ܻ뿪ҽԺ绰ܣڲҶĺӣҸô죿
ϣΪʲôϣ绰ʡ
Ȼ㽫ڵĻظһ飬ܣڸô죿
ȻĲ֪˭˯ˣ
ȻϹ̫ˣûˡ
ǣЦˣŮˣô˵أúõҰˡ
ȻһһףҲ֪ôò£ֻһơ
Ůˣ㱻ˣˡ
Ȼ⣬ʲʲô˼
ľƱˣûȴҩֱ
ȻһãȻɣʲôʱİ
飬ںȾǰȥȡ˱ѵʱ򽫾Ƶ˰
ǽô뵽ҪѾƵأô֪ھҩѵ
Ȼ뵽ɫܣڹѾˡ
һ֪˰ľˣ򲻻԰ôգҲڰֺͿʼԶǽôֵأû¶ʲôŰ
֪˰ľˣȴԶⲢûб̰˳ǸҲ̫ˣ֪ڰץסٰѱ
̫ˣ
Ȼȫ䣬͵ıסֱۣһľ֡
ȻˣȻϽ취õĺ«׹ȥ˵
Ȼʣܣ˼ǡ
ȻѾ㣬Ѿռ˱ˣֻٽݾ
Ȼǽݾʲôݾ˵ãһõġ
ˣ߰ĸס
ҺͰȻʲôҲû뿪ҽԺĳϣڶ԰˵
΢㶣˵֪
ģҺסڿ˵
Цˣ֪ո˵ú
Ȼ˵ĻһҲҪš˵
ɵͷá
ƺܿ㣬м㵹ǿһڵ˵ϵĻҳ˵
Ҫ˵ֻˣóһǰȻģʾ
ЦЦӰɡ
˵绰㿪ιȻȻ㡣
أ
Ҹյסʲô𣿡
һ𣿡
ǰܲðͻˡ
ŶŶе˵ҹȥ㡣
ãɣҵ㡣
˵绰Ц˵ܲ񡣡
ҽôЦ˵
֣ڵͷ˵˼仰ȵϢڶϷðͷһȣĪĹ˵ͷ΢á
һСʱ󣬰Ȼڰĳ˰ϴͷһ߲ͷһ߽Ȼ뵽ɳ¡
ȻĲӴûд׹ͷһϲʱЦŶ԰˵ôʱϴͷ
һֱҽԺԺ裬ûʱϴ˿վϴһ£ͷˡ˼˵
ȻŶһϲȥϴּ䣬Ѱûһϴ̨Ͽ˰ĺ«׹УԸˣϰߣϴͷϴҪѹ׹ȡҲ
ѹ׹Ž˳ȥ˵ոսӵ˾ĵ绰мһȥҸɡ
㲻˵Ҫ˵ʲô°ʡ
Ȼ˵ҲûʲôҪ£Ǿܾûһú˵˵˵ǲɹ˾£ҸпԼ㡣
ðɣ˳ȥ
Ȼ¥绰ܣˡ
ãߣȥ
Ȼ˵绰תͷһ۰¥㣬뿪ˡ
¥ϵİŰȻԶȥӰɫޱ࣬Ȼһֱ㵱㣬㾹ҵģ
лҪ˵Ż½¡

60ܲ16

Ȼͽ˷ɻ, ֱס
Ȼóĺ«׹ò, 㡢ҵĹ
ְ֣Ȼͷ, Ȼ˽
§ڻУݺᣬ, ʮˣְҵˣҵ˰
ȻŬ, ޵һһģ, Ҳҵˡ
Ȼ, Ǳ, ŮѵԱ, Ǻ, Ӧø˲ŶԡæȰ
ֱͷ, ſȻ˲˵ôǽܲôλǣ
֣ǽܲõĵܵ, ܡȻ˵ܲ³鲻, Ϊõȣίнܴҹ
˵Ҵ罫ίиҰ죬ܼǸŮž, 񡣡
˵ԭˣҪлܲãǸŮžۡ˶٣˵Ϊ˱ϣǻһӼΪأ
Ȼ˽һۣʾͬ⣬ȻˬĴӦˣá
գͰȻȥһҽԺѪ飬һȥȽպ󣬽ȥȡ˽͵ҡ
˽󣬸˼ˣûȻҵŮǹŰȻ߽һŮ˵ƬǰѣܰҵǵŮˣǵŮѾɴˣ㿴
裬ǹһˡȻƬ밲ƵŮʺ
ıѹҪ֪һǳˣߣҴ㿴һ
Ȼһӣ飬һɺŵˮ㣬ģѵϼһҪǿˮ
ȷʵҪȻʮǰԼƳǿˮһƿȡҵƳˮϴŵĺ«׹ˮһģһ
˵óһϾɵıʼǱⱾʼǱϼ¼ľˮ䷽ԭϺ̣һ㣬ȥܲãмǸŮĶ顣
Ȼӹѣõˣˡ
û֮ðŮΪõȻ־ˮֻҪõˮ䷽̣ܱסڹ˾λãҲԴڿ⡣
Ȼ˽ЦڰڣǸ˼£Ժ󻹸𣿡
ܣӦôȻʡ
˵ƾˮ䷽ҪܽڲܹҪЩ飬Ȼ㼴̻عɢڶʼĴԣýϼܵ۵Ǵ𡣡
ǽܣҲǽڵľˣ˵𣿡Ȼʡ
˵ʧˣݳֲˣڲû֤֤ľˣò֤һãʱһվߣǴڣǽϼŵģãţϣһ٣ϼűػܵӰ죬ʱϼҹ˾Ըϣ¸㲻Ϻͽ𣿡
⡭ȻڣԾ޸ڡ
뷨ЦһȻλûأڻҵĺӣǲҪģɱˣڵĳôģʱýڲСҪ
ĻȥǡȻҧҧ
Ȼڹ˾£Ǳ뿪ˣͽ·ʼԽ
ܲãˡСŻŵƿܲð칫ҵš
ڸŹ̧ͷȥʲô£
Сֻݸ˽ڡ
ڽӹ㿪һ΢ѣıǣеһŽϼܲ壬ʼ˵԰ԲȻϰȻĺӡ
һƬһһһͬ鲢Ȼġ
ڿٿݺ󣬽ֻСȻ
֪Ѿܶû˾ˣϵСӹֻѡ
Ҫ˵ʲôһҴҽ˰칫ң˵ܲãˣ˺öļߡ
ܲôܲɷãúðѼȰߡСæ˵
ڣûתȥˡ
ʱ˾ķСۿ˽ܲãҷ˾ǿȻ־ˮŦԼά˾ˡ
ά˾üۣܺá
ڲûȥǸѣҲûȥ˾£ԾʲôҲûһֻͰʱ⵽ټߵĸġ
ЩƬϣ͡
ûвɷõڣҵ˵˰Ȼһרá
Ŀһ𼫴ķӦ϶ԽںͰͬˮһӿ֡
ܲŦԼ˳ҾֶԽܲóһϤչˣܲҺǸмסң˵ҪȢңǺڸԺһðңܲûΪ˰Ҷĺӣʧȥ˹ʧȥ˰ˣûסҲûǮҲ֪ҪôҺͺӣء
ڹصӣҪС˵ܲãˣǹ˾ĹƱڼµͿҪͣˣкܶ˾绰Ҫֹ
ܲãô죿ʡ
ü˵ҲQˣʱʰˡС촫Ķȥɡ
ǣܲáС־ĳȥˡ
Ȼڸ绰ܣѾ˵ˣ϶ԽںͰһƬϼŵĹƱҲҪͣˣ๫˾Ҫֹ˵ʮӹ˾ܵ˼Ӱ죬ҪƲˡ
úܺãЩˮƣ㶨һҪýڷݺ˵
Ȼ˵绰һʹ죬ڣɱң˭ôģӦõ³һһߵ㿪΢˺üķ˿ǰοͬģһЩɵ¸תˣ˵Ҫȹѹء
ûоԼôмֵʲôǮãһʲٵ
ô㿪΢һʱ֡
Ϊʲôķ˿ô࣬һ΢һƬ
Ͻ㿪ѣ㿪һڽϹ˾ظһȫͽû·һƬЩûˤֻ
ЩƬͽһηϵʱյģǵǹش
ЩƬһѷģ˵ƭڣⷢôҿĿ
ϼŵĻظУмѣһٷƽûзκ飬ǺӲġ
ҪûЩƬϵ沢ţЩƬϾ㲻ҲŽ׵ġ
Ȼȫ̫ˣ֪ڲôöԸģ֮ôöûٶû취ԸҪ鷢͵ڵʱų֣һһ㷭ĻҲûˡ
̫ˣ
лҪ˵ôôա

61ܲ17

ϼŵĹٷظһ, ȻĻԱ㱻ˣͷһת, ˶ʼתȻ, ǴˮһӿȻвٸȻתǮҲ׷߰ȻǮȥ
ȻֻÿҲͣ, ˼绰ȫǴģҲҽ, 绰粻ָͨķϢ, ռֻֻýֻˡ
Ѱǳ˰Ȼסĵַ, , һѷΧ˹ȥ, ¥ҪȻһ, ȻҲҳˡ
ѱ, Ȼסķǽģһ׼۸񲻷ƵĺլʲôԼͺӵ˵, ϶԰ȻǾ, ȻһͬС߱һ˼񶾵Ůˡ
ת䣬ϵĹƱҲʼЩֹͣϺĹ˾Ϻ, ȴھܾˣΥԼҪ⳥һΥԼЩ˾˷۱ڣ̳Ҳ첻ȥˣֻܵƲ
֪䣬ָȻһȣȻ͸¶Ƿҷ˾ܲ߶ŮҲ˵찲Ȼ֪鲻ã˺˾˴¡
ϢһҶáȻ˲٣֮Ȼ˲ˮˢûģֿʼʾͬ顣
һС߶ҵǧһ˺ܶĥѺʹ࣬ҽڳŵҪȢĴһ٣˼Ҳпԭ
ȻȻдڱҲԭ£ԼõˣҲ񼫡
һ֣Ȼ⼫ˣŷ˿ֿʼǣˣֻ˲ӣܿˡ
ϷһƵ
Һãԭҷ˾ܲȷʵһʧɢŮֽаǸаȻģ͵Ůĺ«׹ά˾ĽٵӼðҵŮƭˮ䷽Ժϡ
ȻƵһԾ𣬡ô
ֻֻһʼܿ죬ӶϢƵ
һŦԼȻƵ½ڳĹ̡
Ҳ˵ȽڵȻð˽ڵľˡ
½巢ȻڰĲӲļƬΡ
ЩϢһѷˣǵضֱȻʷǿ̲满Ļ满
ǳߣȴ˵Ĺͣ޳Լ˵˰ˣ˷ϵ˸𣬻ˣ޳ܵ͵ñ˵˵ĸס
ݣһٴҲ
Ȼľ
ںͰȻʲô֪ˣûʧ䣬ڼװʧƭںͰһֱϷĿľΪҵµ֤ݡ
̣ȻôõϷ
ԭһжڽڵƿ֮У͵ĺ«׹ȥҲ֪Ҳֻ֪ͽڹԵãΪԼжʵľͽˣ˵˺ˣ֪
Ȼһ뵽һ£Ҫܡ
Ƶ½ڳ˳ðŮ飬һץġ
ȻʰһЩֵǮĶһһ߸绰ǽĵ绰Ѿͨˣֻùҵ绰뿪취ϵ
һžͿվ棬͵һ˺üеҲصĵڵϡ
Ȼ쿽ס˫֣˸ССľָ߳Ȼͷݲ굽ضȥ
һǰŴ򿪣һȻҲǰܵ棬ı㳹׳ȥ
ͨĵ飬ͰȻ鶼ˣ½ҽԺֵĲŦԼСҽԺȾҽʿĲһģһ
Ȼͽ£
Ƶش󳵻ΪһһòҽԺҽʿͨ˾ش󳵻ΪòͼеİΪðϽڶˣ̰Ϊģ͵԰ðŮΪ壬ݵĳҲͽΪ
ڼӣԱ˹йУд̡
˵һϵ಻ֱ̾˺ݶ̶˷ָ˵ͬʱѶԽںͰҲһƬκͬ飬ֱԴˣЩԩ޹ˡ
һ΢ʾǰáҲǱȻƭˣѶ԰һƬޣ΢עԷɿٶǣܿ˰
ͰȻǰںͰȥһ棬ȼǰȻ
ҵЦǹϲǣĿĴﵽˡȻڳһ࣬ݺݵĿˡ
ͣδ̫ԼˣȻһ񼫵ˣЦ㣬𣿡
ڣǵöô𣿡Ȼǰͦεˣ鰧ʹ
ڳ˵ΪʲôҪһЩҵ飿ȻôĴ£ôЩʱԱ飿㷴һ˺˶飬δ̫Цˡ
ԣ񼫣Һôչ꣬ûйҲпͰɣȻ
̲סֲ㷸µĴİٷ֮һ㾹ȻҪܲüĶ𣿰Ȼ޳ܵĳ̶
ȻŭŰʲôʸ˵ңҵĶ
Ķʲôģܲ𣿻Ұ֣ʡ
˵Ȼʣʲôʱ֪ǼðĶˣôıڲƭҵģ
ã֮ǰҿ԰󡣡˵ϵˮζ㡣
ˮζȻˡ
˵ʧȥӾҵرУһγֵʱҾͷϵζ밲ϵĲһʱҲûл㣬ֱǴΣȥŦԼãش˵꣬ʵ֮ǰͶ˵ȥŦԼز죬㵽ŦԼ꣬ʲôز졣
ʱͿʼˣȻû뵽Լһ仰¶ղѡ
ڵͷȥŦԼ飬סԺҽԺˣһ𼫴ĳԽϴƲŵѰӻع֮ǰȥ˰ᵽϵˮζȷҵľˣҲûֱӵ֤ݣұڰĲװμء
ˣװʧҡȻקȭͷʡ
˵û˶٣˵ǣڰŮʿҾ͵һʱðѪĸȥӼҲƬһƬȷ˰ŮôؼҲܰá
µһȥҰù׹ðѹ׹ԡãǵóѣȻǳ֣شǵڣ㹻ݣ
Цˣûǹģ뿴Ǳ뿴ΪԼĴʹĴۣ
Ȼˮ䷽ҲǼٵġ
ǺǺǡȻŭЦŰ˵ΪӮʵûУӮʼңڻ֪ɣΪʲô߶
ʲô˼ʡ
ȻЦҵ˼ǣҽߵģҿӣ԰ˣȻְƽˮ˲գʧȥ˼䣬Ȼְ˹¶ԺңЩ겻֪öҸһһԶӮңԶǣ
̲סǰݺݸһƣ޳ܣ
סԼ֣йƲá
ǰƼأðȻѪȻ뻹ֱ֣ţоԱʱסֻǰƣһһƻǰĲң׬ˡ
ס֣ȻʧȥһԻҺӱ㣬ӭֻɷƲúõ˵꣬Űתȥ
ڣȾңˣȾңҲȻҪߣʱѹ
ҲûᣬǣŰ뿪ˣȻԱؼÿһԼһֻռģ
ðȥϵȥ˽ʲôҲû˵ֻһͱˡ
Ƕǽĸ˵ա
ڿЩƬˣĸƭĲǽҵĶӡ
Ȼͽˣ˴һ죬ݴӻ˹˼ˡ
ú󣬰ͽھһͻ񣬵õ˵ףаְּɷ۰жŮĺüҸ
Էҷ˾ǿʵˮ䷽Ϊױð˽ңڲûнˮ滯һֱڽҵ鷿ΪͰĶ汻Ϊұഫ
ڽڵŬ£˾ƾʵʣΪˮ˾Ϊϼŵ׳שߡ
ϲûо籾£ɵôɫһ񣬱ϵͳսԸս𣿡ɺϵͳˡ
Ը⡣
Ǻã׼һ񣬿µս飡
321
һſֱۣ磬ˣ
лҪ˵ˣһµĹ£СɰǣǻҶ
ܾûˣպ˽ڣҶҪҷǡ

62췴1

һֻＲٶ, -ͷһؿڣһڵ, һѪ, 鴤Ŷ
Աߵõɴ˫ۣܿʹлعγ䵶䱸󺰣д̿, 

еǾðγ䵶ǼΧס
еĹŮ̫ҲñɫǼǰ, ֵ
ܿ죬зɳ, ֱǼݶȥ
ӭǰ̿˺ɱһ
̿ͶǾѵ, 书ǿ, ʹĴڸֶ, ܿǾ˴, ̿ͳƷɱǼǰ, һһɱЩû书ĹŮ̫ࡣ
̿ӣѪĽǼˣ, 
, Сġ϶Ҳû˹ȥȥӵ
ۿŽҪ̽澵ʱһɫӰӽɱ˴̿, һתɼоɱӿ̿͡
һɱһɱһ˫
ӵ书ܸߣֻҪǼǰ̿;û취ܿƳתЩ̿ۼû֣Ϊ˱ʵæĴɢȥ
Σ˽תҪȥ
׳ʿ϶߳Ǽݺ빫Ʋ˵
ת˹ȥȭһ񣬡μ
ϪǰӣʮͷͣͦΣʳžһɱһϮȴδȾԾʮֽ׸ɾһֻųδķ˳ڰϣºڷ续ɡ
İ񣬹˫
Ϫоֳ仰еľҲɢȥҪӵлпŵһ壬оȣƬָ̺ɫЦųӵлӾ˱ʶմ
ڲԹԾӣ֮ͣҳݡӱȭ
Ϫ嵨빫汾عʣ㡣
лֻǲһҰ֮ˣΪֱɣʥҴ˵С£ͣǫ
Ϫ֮ԣжмӣִҪعͣ˴뾩ǻһξ룬Ψд̿ͳû빫ӻһ̡
ڿһԵԭ׳ֻʣȵʮˣҴ˲̶ͬȵˣԥһ´ӦˣԸ͹ؾ
лӡϪмͷ
Ǽ̣Ƕȥһ·δд̿ͳûϪ£ס˹ֵһջϪϴ빬ʥˡ
Ϫ˵й;˴̿ͣˣһŮŵѯʡ
Ϫصظʣû£һλ书ǿĹӳȣƽ
û¾ͺáǰŮлһ¡
ΨһŮҲİ֮Ψһĺӣһֱ䱦УŮԶǼӻҪҪҪŮʲô£Ȫ֮µĸ׽
ŮŰųų󣬽ޱȣôľţһҪúòǸŮˣҲҪúý͡
ټ˽ڣһϮ£ɵӣҲЩޣ˷绪ӣһ鲼£űȾЩѫӶǿࡣ
ŮŮȵĿӣбһͷƵϣʣнڣʿлʲôˣˣʲôس
ػϣǽнڣˣָĸ˶ûˣֻʣ²һˣֵ֮꣬ЩȭţʶЩ֡ڻص
Ϫšüͬ顣
΢˼ǵǻӵʱ򣬻ȷʵйһ֣ҲǻĴգǰӦ˵ĶʵʣסںδΪλڳ
ڼֺͶһƯĺЩĺΪңûг֮أҪȥݿ;ӣд̹̲ס֡ٵ
۵ͷоֹ壬ԣЩͬϪһۣ˹޻úý㣬Ȼ޼ҿɹ飬޾ʹһլӣ֮мҿɾӣΣ
΢һɣȭص񲻹֮ͣܲͣջس
ϪЩΪʲôƺҪլʱԹֻһգ۵˲䣬ָֻƽѵۻˣ
ͣ򷣣ɷҲǹأҳĹӦͣڣʥּɾܾжֶ˷ݺøУеͷҲ
ԥƬ̣ͷл¡
ôϪʽڣӿвã
˻ڵʡ
Ϫͬɰ㵭ԸʼҵͣɱִǣҲִҪʹ㣬Իͣȴǿ֮ӣʶвá
ǹԣֻл֣̿ڳ΢ܺƵʶڿ˹һۣͷ
Ϫգգˮ۵ĴһĨЦĺ֪Ӣ۲ʳڱУӱЩѫ˸Ӹ߽࣬빫ӲҪԷƱ
лӲֱɣġڱȭһݡ
ϪЦЦ壬ӵƯ洫֮
һλ洫֮ڵͷһۻص
Ϫ΢ŶԭλڽкҪȻҲὫЯ
ǺҪҵľˡ
뿪Ϫվԭأ뿪ķһĨǳЦ
С㣬ˮˡ
ȥ˾
ǣС㡣
ܿһ߰ҵкˮﱻ죬ȫʪ͸ˣȫ
С磬û°ɣŻСŮеʡ
к˫÷ϣѾ˵
Ů˵ȥ򡣡
к͵ҽݣ˵Ҫȥһ;ȲˣкмĿŮֻŮ֣Ůͱ˽ˣʱŮкһ壬¾ȥѰ
ôˣѰˡϪ
϶ʣ˵ʲô
Ϫҡҡͷûʲô
ܣδ߹κˡ
ʣʹͽڵķʽкܶ࣬ΪʲôҪլӣصڣϪʳۡ
ֵΪϪ㡣
Ϊ˶Ϫµʲôһ̣װʡ
Цŵͷڴ΢ƷܳڣȾЩԹҵĹǲ޾ã˿ԿǿΪϪѡ
˵ȥʵҲ˺úõڵĹʵݣû⣬ὫΪѡп顣
ʣ˵ʲôأϪתͷȥ
ЦŴȤѵ޻Ϫ⣬Խڲ޴˼ǱհɣվջؽյʹͣһЩȥɡ
ҪϪˡ
۴Ц
ϪŷǱ׽ŪˣʣϷŪ
˺ˣϪ޴ˣ޲ö㡣ºͺ
Ůǰֻһףһ֮
ϪʣʣĲĳ𣿡
ʲôݲݵĲҪҪϪϲϲҲҸֻϣϪһƽϲ֡۳谮
Ϫ˽׵ĻУһҸлʣϪ̫ˡ
ΨһŮǴĹǸñ谮ŵġ۵
ҹڴҹ·߱˳Ǳһլ
ӡլ
΢΢ͷأ
ȺӶʱˡ
ڴڱ㲻˵ʲô˽ȥӺɴٵĸ˹񣬡ĸס
ڶˣɴͣ¶ȥ
ڴ𣬡ǡ
չΣɴʡ
ڻصѾռƻȡϪΣۻһլӡ
ܺãҶûйҵɴ˿
ڵͷǫĸ׽̵з
ԭƻУϪ㣬Ϊ
һȭӦ£ǣ
лҪ˵¹£Լͣ

63췴2

µҩɴ˳ӳһСӡ
ֽס, мѣлĸס
Ҽ, жߺ, ɴ˳ĸʤ
ʤʣѵŲ
Լ˭ҲŲɴ
ʤɫ΢䣬æӦתȥš
ڻص͵լʱҹʱ, ҹڴϣпĹںԭļ䡣
ԭڵΪʷϵĳ, һܿյĳĸʵ۽ս, սͳһ£ԸĹȺ, ʣµĹҶηǿԸ׳Ƴ, Ϊʮ̫ƽ
ԭȷʵǻ, Ҳ, ԭļ˲Ȼֺ, ǱŻ
ɱԭ˵ĲǱˣǳ
ȻԭʱС, ֻа, ʲôҲ֪֮ĸɴ˸ġ
ɴ˵ʱǻӵĳۿԭĸ, ǿռԭĸ꣬Ը߳ŭ֮ɱɱԭмˣԭѡ
ԭǴУȣٻصʱ˶ˣʱĹԱжֻһͽҽɱԷͽ޴ץΪɽ˰
ʱɴ˳ˣ˽аԭΪӣ书ѧʣÿ»õĲҩΪһȫţһֱ֮˵ԭԳۺ֮ǡ
Լѧʺ书Ϊѳԭɴ˸м֣мӣƴӡ
ʮԭڸ涼ǳɫԭԼѾǳǿ󣬾Ҫȥ֮
ɴ˱㽫ǣӽΨһĹϪΪĿĵȻΪȡûʼҵΣѪޡ
ķչĸӶ˵ļƻ޳룬ǳԤıӢ۾ɹϪԭһԵԭ֯һһûУϪԭ
ڸⳡû̵սУԽ˵ԽأϪ֪ԼУϲõʱԭ췴ˡ
ԭ¸ɾϾİ£ϺۣɱʹˣϪ֪ϢϵʱѪѾȾ˻ʹϷգصĵĺʬһһȹȥȫѪĽӡ
սȭͷߵѪͬһԭǰȫź𾪡
춼ò׳ɳƵģģΪʲô
֮𲻹죬ֻ֮֮˶ѡԭվ̨ϣеĽڵѪҲ˻˵Ѫ裬ݾ
ټɷģĻҲģϪ絶ʹҪϢһ㣬ָƽƽСظ͸ѾеϢϢһֿģڻУ˵úñͺӡ
û뵽Ϣû˵ڣȴɱˡ
Ϊʲô
ɷ򣬶۳мӣ»ˣˤ˵ˣȻתħݺ˺ġ
ӣĸ׸ô죿Ǹô죿
ѹʵ۴ԭ
ܿ߸ϵһ֮㱻Ѻͷң·Ǳûǰĸ߹ϡ
ԭڳ۵ĲϣϪ˵Ҫҵļ˲ʮˣΪǱˡ
Ҫڣ㣬ҸʡϪҰ
ԭħϣ᲻ûϪ󣬻ӽҪɱ˳ۡ
ڣ˵Ϫ첽ǰҪֹ
ԭĽѾ˳۵Ĳӣ΢ȵѪϪһȫӲֹͣһ㣬ɴ۾Ŷ۳мӵĸ׵ڵϣѪĲ
ʣϪһž첽׳˹ȥ
ʹŮ֣ߡ
ʣʡϪһ٣ǲһг˹ȥϪ壬ϪˣϪԲԲڣ
Ů֣ǧȴҲ˵
Ϫ֪ײϽߣôߣôߣ
ǳĹҲ͵
ۺܿϪס׵ʬ޵øγϡ
ˡ
ʱɴԭ࣬ЦҶȻûʧĸ׵ĺöӣڣֻҪɱϪĻұˣȥɣɱϪǳµۣ
ԭͷŽϪ
ڲϣϪֹͣ˿תͷԭоʹޣԭö壬ͻȻƵקݺˤ˵ϣͲþ㡭
ĻһǽںĽ
Ϫܵʹ⣬ͷȥ̽ĸѪܿȾȹˮһڵأֵסӣӣҵĺӡ
˵ʲôԭʣ͸ҵģӣʲôӣ
Ϫ˫Ѫ죬ʹ⿴ѵʮǰ΢ѲڻȹһˮС磬͸һ塭μ֮ʱΪұˣ˭֪ػģӽһı
֪֮ˣͲþ㣬㲻н֮״
ձУӲ¡ӣȴɱ
ԭ͵ɿ˽˺üŵĿܣҵ˲㣬һֱҵĶ˲㣬ƭңһƭң
ϪйѪˮ˫סУ͵---˳ڵϣסѪֹ˿ڣӣĸ׶Բ㣬ĸˣĸ״ˣ
֧Ųס˼³ȥ
͵Ļعȥ§˻УϪ
㡢㱻ƭˣʾɱļˣǴȥҪΪصĸѰҽģᡭϪδ˵ȴ
£ĽϪʬ屧˻Уһŷ֣ⳡУֹƭϪҲƭԼ
ǰϪġ
µĽβɴ˲ûԭϳĻλԼӵǻΪۣһͳ¡
Ҳʱԭ֪ɴ˲ǳˣĻʺĶ̫ӣĸǻҵҴߣôһֱĻҪ
ԭ𾪣ΪϪǰĻɴɣеĹϵ˼˱ɱ֮£ŷȷʵϪԣɱȫҵĲǳۣˡ
˲ǱˣˣΪĸɴˡ
ÿ³ԵĲҩʵҲǲҩһֿҩĽҩֻҪұɴˣòҩ¾ͻᶾ
ԭɴŭ޽ӣҲûɵҪȥɴ˱֪ɴڵȨƣò֣ߣӳⱨ֮£뷨ҵԼڶĽҩ
ֻǸ߳ţͱɴ˴ˡ
ҶҪȥģɴˣڵ̫ӽ߳ԭЦʡ
ԭóɴ˿дɱ⣬֪Ҳ߲ˣŭʣҵļǱɱ
㶼֪ұҲˣûļ˲ǱɱǱɱģΪʲôɱӦҲ֪ˣΪҵĵΪҳɸҵ
ò˵ڶһѺܺõĵַҲô˳ɸҵ
ԭγеĽָɴˣŭɶɱ㣡
˵ˣǰѽôָˣɴ˵꣬֡
ߵĻν볯ԭɱȥԭ书ǿѲڣ䱻ɱ⣬ȴҲˣ˱ľģҪɴͬھ
ֻĽδɴ˵ɴ˵İѾԭڣԭڵأһѪ
ɴʩʩȻǰӸµĿԭ书ҽ̵ģ㻹ɱңֱ
ԭɴУǰ֪Լ˶ٴ£̫޹ˣԲıϪǸһһⰮȴеɵŮˣԸΪۣΪЩ޹ϵҲҪϪһµ
1ػϪһҸ
2ʺʳʹĴۡ
лҪ˵òҵĹӡ

64췴3

ִֿڲɵø̾ԭСΪ, ̾ԭΪԼ̾һ
ϵͳ, εѶе
˵ϪҸһѶȲ̫, ϾԭһֱαװúܺãֻҪԭ췴һϪ, ϪԶᷢԼɷʵػģԭϪڲҪĸĶ
Ѿʺϡ
Ҫʺ󸶳ʹĴۣҪ¶ʺݺΪ, ӱϿҲ, ԭֻҪҸʵĻ͸¶ʺݺͲأʺڲ֪±ᱻ
⡣
һ, ʺ󲢲ȫ, ڶһһ, Ҫڱ֤ԼΣͬʱʺҪǳܵļƻ, οʺ󸶳ʹĴ, ǾͲǵɱôˡ
ڶ˶ҩʺ, ƳҩѶ˲С
óɴ˸ոոС, ŮЫĳΪԼ˽ô޹, ɱˣúƭ¶ǸΪĿĲֶΣ÷εˡ
˵ΪԭΪЩ޹ϵˣҲʹĴۡ
ֻǱ߷һ֮ʺıʮ꣬Сϸܵļƻ
Ǹλӵ͸ҵˣڿǰһŵŮʵ
عӣǵģĸǴ͵ģĸǶ͵ģĸ͵ġ
͵լһս佫ĸլ佫˾汻ջʹͣլӾһֱţҲȥˣֻ˿լӡ
ճլӣûʹˣҲû⣬û뵽ռӶźˡ
Ǻ³δ̫ӣϪּܳ裬Ϫ˻ʵۺϪӣǼʹ棬ʾãʾһ£ЩҲǻǵߡ
ݵʱϪһȺˡ
ڴ񣬡μ
񡣡ϪЦų֣ϹŵһȺŮ΢šü
վãæ͵ЩǸλӵ͸ˡ
ǲϲЩ˲Ҳգȥؾλ֡Ϫ
ڿһۣмлȻǸλӵʹͣ㹧ˡ
ǾԺź򣬱ﾫĸѡ˼֮ˣպչӣҲġϪ˵ü˹
Ůǰس񣬡ݼӡ
лһжİšڱȭ
Ϫͷ±϶ȥǵĻơ
϶ӹѡһһŮΪ£
ֱַÿ˾尲ŵÿطʲôƣܿ죬լĶʮ˶˾ְæ
ںϪһյĹ϶ͻصϪ߻ػ׵ˡ
ϪͷڵźҪʲô֮㾡𷣣Щ˼Ȼźģף
ʲô˼᲻ֻ֪ǽľˣֻҪڣ˭Ҳί
лڸм
ϪЩʹ죬룬ãӿԸ㱾ȥߣ
ǡӦ¡
ϪȥѣԵƬ̡
á
ڵլӺܽ͸һ֣ϪظװҲûͬڲȥ˽ϡ
մԴϴγ֮º󣬳۶Ϫ˼֣˲书ǿбİΣ
˿ϪһֱƵƵ󿴣֪Ƿֺ˸ǣòϰߡ
ãΣġ
ڣǣϪЦ
УڱЩǿˣнڣЩǶġ
ڹһЦЩ˶һݰȫ
ġϪЦݣֻڻѩůˣͷһȣҲȥЩˡ
̯̽ƷĿ庢ͯǺ«ͷ糵ЦܹհҵһƬ̫ƽ֮
ȺУĪİģ뵽úǰ̫ƽҪѪȷ磬ֳ̫ƽʢƻ
ûãϪЩˣȥҼ¥ȲԵ㶫ɡ
á̧ͷѰѰǰһ¥һָǼ𣿡
Ϫȥ˵ͷԡ
˽˿ջСһ俿ż䣬õĲ͵ġ
Ϫָָλá
ڵ񲻸ҡ
ûˣض񡣡
棬żֻ϶ź
ԥһ£λϡ
طСζáϪĺͲЦ
ҲһЩͷȷʵ
ϲĻԺǳҡϪ˵
ڵͷá
Ժ㱾䡣Ϫٵ
ڣá
ôѽϪ̲סȤ
ڵǹĻ񲻸Ҳ
ԭֻΪǹôϪֹһ䡣
û壬˵ʲô
ûʲôϪЩˣյתͷ⣬˵ˡ
ЦЦҲû˵תͷ⡣
¥ǼҽݣƺԼҲû⣬ˣŲŵġ
ֻûãҽĳˣ·Χۡ
ҿҽݵĴҽˣҼҽˣӹҽһ˿޺Ŵҽݳ˳ڵϴϴ϶Ͻȥ٣ǵĵҽˣ
ǣСһĨһ߳ҽˡ
ҽ˿ɲС£·İշ׷ΧȥϪͽҲվߵǰۿ
ʱСӻˣ˹ٲٲҽûãץһʮ߰ҵ
ڵϿĸ˼꣬ȥ꣬ӹҽ˵
ûҽˣûСһֱΪԼţû
ռģܵΪѧղҽˣϸ˵ָأͶ϶ҽģһָָ㣬
ʱҽ߳һͷĵܣһһ˵ͳ˰ɣҽݺǴҡ
԰ҵǿ㣡Ҳ˵
ûУûУĪеҾϣʱһߴҽݳˣ꼤˾ˣңûҽˡ
үȥɣ治㣬үỹ׵ġߵ
вʧսȭͷҽݵҶһۣۿٲˡ
˺Լ˵ʬҲһ𱻴ˡ
ɢ
ϪջʽڣӾ˿ҽģ
֪Ҳ顣ڵ
ϪͷҲõġ
ǹҪִ£ʡ
Ϫʣϣ𣿡
˼Ƭ̣ϣ
϶ϪһЦ϶ȥȥŪκһϸڶҪŹҪ֪ʵ顣


65췴4

Ĵ, һŮڱȭţϵʮĬ, ӮΧ۰ƽк, Ůƣһ֪ãʮͷ, ֻʮ߲꣬Զһ߸Űײʬ壬öڴ׬ġ
֮ʱ, һȺɷ˽ƿȺ˽ȥһž, ﻹ֣ǵĵ, յþǵͬ, ˵ӲС, ǾȻͷ͸, Ƕأ
Χ۵İŵȫ˿, ֵĳʱ
λ磬ó󱦵أȾȥ, Ǯ, ʶڴ׬Щ˸ףһ뿪, λкãáλӣŨüۣǺģ
ǰǰͻ뿪ģλкðɣŮٶüйӢ
ҹḸĸ׼գǵĵ̡Ⱥ˲кãһͷӵ˻ЦɨŮһȦСﳤòɣǲҪǮḸҳһСȥḸȫ
ûգֲҷǿŭ磬һʹãղġ
СʣҲûˣΨһˣ޼֮һ裬²òͷ޿Ȩƣֻ̡
һôˣһǿˣӽøһʶ̧٣ӣһͭҲ㡣
ߵҲţָһٴ
קȭͷû󣬡ʿɱ裬ǿߣþ
òʮҪ䵽Ⱥл·øҰҲƽӡ
Ϊ߾ߵʶİС£϶ʬ뿪˭Ҳ뿪д˽ǵ·ˡ
ǸʲôǾǣӽ£ǻûˣ
ұǳд٣˵ĻвŲѡ
ӸߣΪسݼҾѹգҪȥøǣ
ǣѵ֪ٹ໤𣿵ʱ㲻ֹ治ǣҪٰӡз·ʲôЦһ㣬Ц
үǆˣƲԳԷƣֱӰ˾ǡߵ
еͷ˸Ҵߡ
ǣүһ˳ǰҪС
ƴû󣬿ֻһˣԷĸˣƲ˶ԷۿþҪߣҲ̲סŭսȭͷˡ
С綯֣Ҳˣץһȭһ˸ڵء
еûϵǸһ֣ǾȻҶ֣缸򣡡
ǣǼ˴ӵһ˹ȥ˫һ
ֻȭţǹѲڣûʱͱڵأӱǯסǰץסСһаЦԹԸүȥ
ſңҲߣҪ͸һſңСһһߺ
ŭ˫ۣſãſã
ĻˣץС򣬸򡣡
ӱе˰ڵһŴߣۿӾҪΧ۵İ˸ҳҲ˸ǰǾǵĶԣѹպ֮ˣǲ
磬ˣҸ磬ˡСذ˺ѷΡ
޶ԣʮֽ˲ڽĿ-УЦҸүԣ³
ȺͻȻһӰһƾնһؿڣ߷ڵأеĻ˺һѪ
е˼б˴ˣҲˣӡ
תһԾڿһߣһһЩȫ߷ڵأ½żأЩ˵ڵȫѪ
ڵϣ·续ɡ
С￴ôˣΪ·Ǽǻϲһʱ˻
ëͷСӣҹҹү£ǻòͷ𣿡ؿܻ
ӲǱˣǽڣ俴еʥأӽ£㾹ѹգҿòͷ񹷲Ŷԡ
дȡһذ׾Ҫɱȥ
ʱһŽ߷˳ȥ
Ϫ϶߹ŭ⣬
ðģ˿Ѫؿŭɶʡ
϶ߵǰóһչʾĹۿðʲôˣ
пϵ֣ŵɫҰף˺ð춼û˵һĻ
Ϫϳ𣿻Ǵ٣ݵöȲ֪ߵغҵҪ˭ȻöСˣڣ
¹ڡѾһˣϪٻ߳ȶ
Ϫϲ£ҪһĴ𸴡
¹ٲе˸ˣ뿪
չƽкãԽںϪж£㽫һԸˣ˰һݰ
СŴлعֳ磬û°ɣ
ûû¡ӳʾģѵߵںϪǰصллλ˾ã£û
ڽ˷𣬡С²ҳݣЩȥú˸ףȻؼȥɡ
ϪӲ¥׼ȥû뵽£ԭΪǷ̫ƽû뵽ҲС񣬿ʲôطв֮£ֻûˣȻͲӲ 
ллеʮӣмٴιȥ
ϪЦ˵лˣϽȥ˸ףؼȥ
ǼˣĴ£Ըţ𣬻ź򣬱λĶ顣
ϪЩΪѣǲߵģڣӿΣ
Ҽֵ㹻ˣǶ˼Ȼ޼ҿɹ飬ʱҰɣԺٸѰʵȥڵ
ͬǣмһٿͷл
ӹȻơڵĵַ󣬽ڻϪظ;УϪЦ
ǫ·ƽε˽Ӧ֮£¾񲻳֣ҲӲģ𣿡
ûӲϪͷ
ڿɼһơ
ǹǻ壬ƽ֮¹һӦõġϪЦ
ڲͬĻ߲ۺʱεض޹ءڲƣûи߹ݣҲһἵ𣬻ݼһ
𣿡Ϫʡ
ڵͷ
ϪȸϲӲӶ
Ϫͻع󣬽ڻլӣϢ
ӣò衣ʱһŮ˲ˮ
̧ͷȥŮʮҲʮ̬۲תмյζзУδԣһڣ˺Ժ
ŮӻڲΪҧҧŲյȥˡ
Ƕģ֮ǰʮֲԸź°գ֮ڳ࿡Ȳ˼ÿմŶ˲ˮĻƣϣܶڣڵע⣬һζûɡ
ɫһڵע⡣
ҹڻҹ£ܿеˣȥɴˣӸĸ밲
Ҷ빫չΣɴǰḧ١
ڽ췢һʵ֪ҽյľٶϪ˼õӡҵּ˲١
úܺáʵʤе֪˽ڰоٶ˵ʤ޶ƻС
Ӧ
˪ѩݼӡգö˸׺һʱլڡ
˪ѩö˵֡
ʣǵĸ׿ɰã
عӣѾˡ˪ص
ڵͷǻȭţԺ͸ܸȴ޹ְƽҲûʲôƿö˿Զϰȭţÿգָһ
лӡö˸м
ڿŶˣ΢Լĸˡ
ڽ֮Գ֣Ͽ·ƽʵԼĸöĶݣպػЧլҪĶˡ
ס󣬽ڻûլӣյÿգ˪ѩȥ˹䡣
լӱȽϴǰԺпů󼰲ңԺмʯ̾͵··˲ٻܣһ;Ŀ
໹вٶ᷿
ԺǼҾס֮СһԺӣһ԰լǰ佫ӣ԰Ա߻һأʮֲ
صľ鷿ˣլĵиֱ飬ŲٻЩˡ
鷿ת˼ȦȻ̫ʦϢһߴ鷿
͸սϵһͭϻϣͭϻþ£һɱģ
̲סִһ־ָй죬˵죬ǰ㣬ϸϻ΢Ťϻ塣
ϻƶǽҲƿˣһԽСš
ҡ
ԭ鷿Բδҡ
վ˽ȥ浹Ҳû˼ҲصĽ鱦Ҳûʲôżֻһֻһ˽Сͦڵġ
˳СһֱߣԼһʱ䣬ߵ˾ͷ
ͷһţںܿҵ˻أ˳ȥȥһطȻһլӡ
լӶû˾סȫǻҳ֩
±˷ۻ鷿
ϵֻϻԸˣصԺʲô¾ͷˡ
˪ȥǼլӣ˪رӣ˵լˣֹһֱš
լ
Ӧλ佫լʲô˵£±֪ԴйϢɲʲôǹ֣ԺǾܵصˡ
ĸˣܵҲˣͲ
ӣݵʱѩ
Ѿ֪Ϫʵݣֶ֮ԻʼĴж
ڴǰȥӼݡ
ӣϢҪ㡣Ϫ˴ҵЦŶԽڵ
ڽϪ뵽˵
Ϫ˿ѩĲ裬Цʣסϰ𣿡
ϰߣ̫̫ˣū澴δסôõӡѩܳĻص
϶Цѩⲻʲôġ
ԣⲻʲôúźӣԺиõסϪ˽һָۣ
ɫƽº͵Цûг
ѩӦǣ˵һԲٳ
Ϫ˵ĺ͹Ϣĸ
ɡڵ
ǺǣϪ̲סЦǱѾȺǵλϱ˸ʣѾ˾ȥλе£Ʋþнˡ
ڵͷԭĿɽ飬ѹǰ񡣡
Σǹǻ׹ҲҪѲƤ϶
˪ѩһж¡
Ϫٵ´Ϊ࣬ҽĸòͶ˸˵õ֢һֱǶ֢ҩǲ֪ΪΣǲ˻ˣٸôһζҩ²˼
ô˵ٸĽɱ֣ڵ
ϪͷĿǰΪֹġ
ûп֮𣿡ʡ
Ϫൽ˾Ǿ˸Һ˸֮һֱͣѿ²⣬ӦѲ˸ϵֻû֤֤ˡ
°ͣ˲֪ĪΪ룬һҵ֤ݵġ
󣬽ڽڿ飬ȥ鷿˪ſڣκ˿
ڴӰ뿪լӣȥ˸Ρ
зѾ˯ˣһҹȥҵࡣ
൹û˯ŲֵĿŽڣ㡢ɱڵģ
ġڿǰֵ
˿ĭȻţ㡢˭
ȱ˭Ҹ㿴ڴȡһСӣӸ
ԥһ£СӴ򿪣һҩ裬ᣬǽⶾҩ
ܺãͨҩ֪ʲô𣿡ʡ
ĳɷֺܸӣҪʱоҹҪնˣûʱˡ
ȷܲζʡ
ȻȷҴҸѧҽҩѾʮˣᣬȴһ곤ĴҽҪտرʶҩ綾ֻ֡Ҫ㹻ʱ䣬һܱ˶
ãһ㹻ʱ䡣ֵ
ཫҩݸһ˿ϣܾҳȥ𣿡
ֻܾԼһ취ø˰֮ϣԼΪԼ֤ףõ𣿡ڽҩźãʡ
صͷõһ֤ҵף
ãȥ󣬾ȥϪȥңԺ͸ҡڵ
ˣһգ۵ĹǰĺӾͲˣϢһۼҲûУҪлҩ㣬ɸոΡ
ϲȥ˯оˣ
գȥ˹Ϫ֮Ȼڴ֤֮Լףԭǲ˵ҩв˲ٺɰǣǷֹ࣬
øȡ˲˺˵Һʵ飬֤ںдǷ֣ҩвкɰǵĲ
Ǻɰģޣһ㶼Թʹãһգ˴Ǯȥ˲٣ϰӡָ̣֤С
ˣ򼵶ҽΪ˺ƺк޹֮дն̡
ͷš
˸ൽҽǽ壬öӱնٲԸ
˸ͷ뿪ˡ
лҪ˵˫һ

66췴5

뿪˸Һȥ˹
ǲ, ҲŹΨһĹ¼
Ϫѹ֮꣬δ, Ȣ, Ȣ˼֮࣬ûгΪû֮ˣʥ϶м, ׼Լѡ
Ҫ֪ĹǹҪ޲г, ϪֹоܳԼûʵ۶Ůж谮
˽ȥͨ, ˹౻Ϫǰ, мĹ, л֮
Ѿ, ΪøİӲŵ, Ӧл
򲻱ض, ɡϪЦų֡
ǧ谮һϪȻºʹ󷽣иǾزѣֻв, ϪҪôȥأ
ϪкԨԴ
, ˣˡʱ˴Ҵ
ϪԽŵվ, Ϊλˣ˺£
ϲʱʧ̵֣Ĳˮ˹ӵֱ˻ص
Ϫʣ˵ÿأ
ͦصģ˵ˡ
Ϫ˲ϸʣ˾Ҫȥڣ࣬æǴȥ
ǣæȥ룬ѵλӾպҪ֮ˣ
ܿ쵽˽լϪլӣλˮ˵ĽӣȻҹȥмӣδɫһԡ
ӣñ֡ϪǰŲ鿴ơ
ڽˮֱ̹һСˣؽš
̵ôػСˣϪֱһƬףкüˮݣʱ۲ѣ򣬿ӿˡ
Ӧ£ǰװʶڿˣλӵͦصģúҩȣ˿ϲ
˵ͦءϪˣԽ˵ˣɣﳤסҲЩ
ĵϸѾˣǿҽݵģҪǼͻȻҲֻһ뿪ǰͶݣ֣֮ҵҽڼãǰճ޵ҽ
С游ĸѧҽѾɾͣαԩ֤ף޴ȥڽ߿˽ڵ壬Ҳ÷ġ
лл䡣
ֻҪúչ˽ӣ㡣Ϫ
Ӧǣæȥҩʱ׼ҩڷ˿ڣˮȥ
𣿡Ϫʡ
ЦˣһƤ˶ѡ
ƤҲˣŶǼ۵ġϪ˵꿴λ£ʣǺ˹ӣ
йմޣҶ޹£Ů£˽ǹūţū澣ûźùӣūţū澣
һŮ߽أǡū澲СĴ˲ˮ˹ӡ
λźģϪŮԼ͹ˣʡ
ŮǱˣҪڵӻصūǶźӵġ
ղһϲ裬ɲ֪ΪβˮͻȻ෭Ĳˮȫ˽ֱϣǹľˣӵý˽ڣǲҲҪѲƤġ
ֻϣܿڶӵķϣᴦ
ѡ˾˱ֱţ˲ˮĻƶãҪãϪյ
ӻūޱ빫ˡ
Ϫ޵ҲǿЩȴʱ϶˵˼仰Ϫɫһ䣬ⲻ֪ߵغūȥˣԶЩҪñٿ
ǣǰӻ
ӻû˷ִ磬Ҳ֪ĵӣ¾ͳ˹ȥץסڵ۰ڿӣūźһķϣūһΰɣūԺ󲻻ٷˣӿ
ڴˣɵҿڣڿƽ
ӻȴƽ򵥵Ļһ˿⣬Īһ䣬ֱܵɿۡ
ϪȻ˴ȥڵۣŭ·ϵūȥ̴ʮз
ǣ´ǰǿˡ
⴫ӻ̴Ŀ޺һԺ˸ͷ²ӻĺ󳾡
֪Ϫжӽڣ˿ӵҲǷ׷ЩС˼Ҫľź
Сȥ󰲾ھŲ裬ɫԾƽӻԶ֪ǱˮΪλƽ޹ʵĴֱϡ
ϪصûΪβ߱ū澾ԽзǷ֮룿
ūҲǽղǰ֪顣϶ص
ϪֹģȻ˵Ȱɫ±ˡ
ĶôҲû뵽Լİ˻£Ҳ°ˣԶʧ˴֮λ
ӣҩ˪鷿š
ڿ飬Ե
űƿ̽鷿˪Źϣ档
࣬һ߸ҩһߵжҪⶾһգСϸϸĥ
֪жھʡ
Цҩ̽˹ӵϢ
һ֪̽Ȼҽڿ
û׷һҶˡ
ǫﲡҽŹΣСҲֻɰˡ
ʱ䣬ĥǣֻһж֮в˵ֻǰҽˡڵ
ͷСס
ڽ蹫֣֮˴ŽŪߣвɸ֮£ɵӣֻ֪ڲھ㣬Ὣй¶
ҩڴңͨ
һμǬЩ𾪣󣬴Ҳҳֱһţһùζž鷿ھ
⴦鷿ͨǷլӣѾ˴ɨɾպڴ˴Ϊƽҩס᷿鷿ԣҲ˴ͨˣֱ˴ڵ
ͷСˡ
ҹԻҹȥɴˡ
˵Ҷˣأɴ˶ɴʡ
ڻصĸ׷ģֻƤˣ޴󰭡
㲻Сģĸ׵⣬ĸײ֪жۡ
ǶȥŮúøɻҪңʧִ˲յӵܱܿģ˼ֻ֮ỵ£㽫ƾͼƣϪֳ֮
ɴɫԻҶòʤ˰ЩСϲãֻҪһŮķӺܶ࣬αҪŪѣǴСˣ
ѣϪҲطԺǻԵū˼Ŵηһ壬׾Щ˵˼
취Ǵ˵㣬ҲʧΪһ취ɴǣ䣬뿪ˡ
ʤɴʣǻɹ𣿡
һСǺõġɴ˵
ߵһжֻԼ±ص½ôɸҵ
ʤͷԼǡ
˽ڣκ춯ʱɴ˷Ը
˵ûǸǵСĵ㡣
ʤǡ
Ǳˣɴʡ
ʤصհĴһ˶ſһαӡ
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ɣ̫ΣˣųҲջΣкãպɸҵһһӺġɴ
ʤ㲻ٶ˵ʲô
ݶϵĽ⣬Ϣ뿪ˣصլǣԭĹټУҪ̫ĸĹټС
գڳԹ緹ϪλĴý̰ܻ֮£ɱ֮٣ŭֱ˾塣
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Ϊ˴ĶһǰЦӿˣ͵ˡ
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лӡ˰ݵ
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ɵ˾⣬ӺӺܸӵƽкãҲŽкá
һǲʹ졣
˼޷ǳԳԺȺȴţ˭俴ŸŻ󣬵ͬһġ
ڱӺȥȻںӮͷӮúȲʡ
ӲǣƣҸӱһ𣿡
ԸƾӲǴڵ
һŵҪӦӮһɵ
áںηӦ£ҲϣͼһϤӰҪѰ̫ӡ
̫ͼһ̧ͷŵȥŷǳõӣ΢ӵҪⳡǱЩ
ôȣӲмʡ
ڵǱ˭ϵļãôۣΣ
Ⱦͱȣӻ㲻ɣ˵ݺݳһ£˻˳ȥܣȵϣʱʱ任ƣʱվʱɣʱһƬк
ĿԭصĽڵҴϵõ£ԶͻЩϹ򣬽ڣȲҲǺ¡
˵꣬ӿ٣һڿռ£ϡ
ȫ׶һƬк
ʱͻȻһ˹ȥ³ͻȻӴֲˤȥ˸ࡣ
˴󾪣׷׳ӳ˹ȥŵĽӷûˡ
ֱӴ
ûӴ꣬һҲӴ˾ÿȥȻһײڵأҪϲ̤ȥ
ʮģһ֪Ĺ֮ӣҪǱһ̤Ҳȥ˾֮ʱһӰһط˴¾˳
˿һ˵İӰǱˣǽڣΧȥ
лӾңûȵ겻ǱˣĹټе̫ӣӹŹӹһ٣ʱѰѽڵ񣬸м
ڸȥϵĳ俴ʤһƬݶ˻ȥɫʣˣ
һСˣްġ̫ɼңճᰡ
ڼƶˣѪæ˺۸˿ڣϽȥ˿ڡ
᰸жˣ»յŵли뿪
⣬ӻˣҲû˼棬Լ´پۣ뿪ˡ
ڸջصլӣϪ͵ˣŵ˵ˣҿģϲأ
ֻǾȳʱֱĦƤأɵСˣ
ϪǲִҪֻ֮ˣϪֱȫѪۿһͿˣôѪô˵أǲǺʹһʹģţ㲻Լأ
ްû£ǲƤϵҩվͺˡŮ˿ˣԷǸȻΪޣжˣԭɱ˫ۺģϪĺãеĸܵõ
Ϫһޣӵ˸ŵɪɪ±
ʱҲֻ϶ҳˣӿˡ
ԣأϽϪȥ
ܿˣ˿ڣҩֻƤˣأֻԾˮֶֻˣǱţڼΪá
ΪϪģһúڼϢҲȥˡ
ϪŷýںúϢȥκŽϢȥҶȥˡ
лҪ˵ҶӾˣÿ˫һܰ쵽

67췴6

, ôˣϪˣ, Цӭ˳ȥ
Ϫһ, ߵֺЩ˹Ա֮ӣҪǴʶ, ֪ʿɻή֣
ã⣬⡣ӽ͵
֪һᴫʶ, ȥϪȥǽȻͬ£ȥ²Ͻ, ҪϪȥʱصط, һҪúֺϪ, Ҫȥǰ¡
Ϫʵ⣿Ƕָ, Ϊλ⣿Ϊ˶û, ⣿
֮˭˵׼Ҳ뷢, Ҳ˲ǣίͰ͵
Ϫֲ˵˵Ǻ޽ӴŮԽӶ෬Ϊ, ǿб, ˣЩˣǶ, ǹִˣŮĲǽӣǻңʲôԹˣȥҽӵ鷳
˵ﻰҲͽڣ׽׽ˡӱ¶˼һ
ϪϣҲ೶Ƥ˵ǻñˣԺҪҽӵ鷳ҵľˣֻҪһ죬ҾҪһ죬˭Ϊ˺Ҳ档
ֻǣǰһҲ˵ģֻˡ
ϪȥҶ˵º󣬻ȰϪһС»ޣϪʣֹ鷳㲻
ǹֳڵ
ԭǷ࣬ҲеĿǷߣС½ϣ֮ϣԼҲˣǵõ˽ѵپС²ˡ
ϪʣΪǱֳǶʲô㶼ܣ
ڿͷ
Ϫжˣܾýʱ͸ŨŨ飬ϱӾʶһνԵְɣ
ʤȥɴ˳һ£ɴ˽ŵôվ̲סҪȥ¼̽ᰣǻΣյͷ
̫̩ɽ򲻿ð˿գҲȥ
֪ǽھ˳ᰣɴ˶Խֶ˷Σ룬ʤš
󣬽ڻصŲ裬һյδ΢춯ȭ˵ϣʣĸףôˣ
ɡɴǰֱۣĸ˵ˣĸ׵㣬Թôˣ
һжлĸ׹ػû󰭡
Ҫԭһжӯ޲ԼȥĸĶ飬ֻϧԭǰŮ˵ĻαˣҪڻڳıУҲ񶾵Ůίߡ
ڶվ˳йԱҵĹӣ˾ãڶпտ볯֮Ӷ㱨֮·שߡɴ˵
ڵͷӦ£ǡ
Ȣ˹ƿ˳֣ɱ˳ۣñο֮飬ЩŬûа׷ˡɴյ
ͬĻ˵ʮ꣬Ǹϴһ㣬裬ѹԭֱϪŷԼʵĸ飬ⶫȻɱ˵۸ĵĶҩ
ùչ𣿡صŴʤɴˡ
ɴ˵ͷǲ¶棬ڶԣڶײҲʶˣⷭʾڶӦ֪ôˡ
ڵȻ֪ôöӵܾȥײᰵĿľΪɴ᰽Ӵڵĳ᰻һüãδȾ׵СãҪ·˵
Īɴ˵ӣֻҪƿסᰣԸɴ
գڸڻҩ޹±ˣ˽˽һڵˣβѣ磬Բ㣬ҪңҲôصˡ
һҪ޵ӣڰ̾ȻһֻСãЦû£㲻С˹˶þͺˡ
磬ȵģԺҵ״磬ҸʲôҾ͸ʲôһúĻؿڱġ
Цǹټӵܣֻһ鲼£ﲻͬġ
ҵģҵ˵˵֮ӿȪ౨о֮ԺһҪ״һãҵȵŵл㵽һЯһҴСлᰵ
ڿԺ⣬޹ᰴл񣬳ǽ¼Ҷᵽˣò˵¼ҶԳ᰽üãȻҲڵǻ˳¼ҡ
ڳ¼ҳ󣬼ǵóǾˮ֮ӿȪ౨Ľ̻壬ĸҪɱ¼ʱ汣˳¼ң߹ٺ»渻ֻǳɾ˵й̫Ӷ³Σգ¼ҲȺδĸ
˼´˿ˣ֮Ͷѣҳݡ
磬͵Ҵɣûֵܽãһ˹ģҺϣһ磬ҶһʣҾϱӾһʶˣͲҪܾ𣿡ߵ
ڿСڴǲӦˣá
лл磡᰸˵дˣ̫ˣдˣҲǹһˡ
˵ͬһǹĺƵģ̲ס̾ƵɴȫһѹڵǻͲˣһֱԴĴΰɣ
ɴ˵Ǻ޳ܵĻóãᰵŸһ󣬳Ϊһɱݾľ˽ߵȫɱһѪȷ硣
˵öԣȷʵϱӾʶˣֻһľ棬ᰱԲһ񶾵ĸףһıԭı磬ı˵Ľ֡
磬ţҵǸ٣ΪҲǼõģ㻹ҵľˣһϼӺá
ºڵȬˣÿնȥҽڣѧʣѧϰȭţ˵Ĺϵͻͽֵͬһ㣬޻̸
գ¼ڹϯлȳ֮£ӣ½ڽţĵİ
ЦҲţСᰣܽš
ûûУôأ˵ȴ֪
ȷʵܽţڽѧ˺ܶණУֻǸ°գȴǸܵĴӢۣݼˡ
ڹٻ֮ңȴĲ䲻ͣûٱµôĽں͸ˣʱ᲻ÿ춼Ҫӣ
ļģǳ´˵Ķӣν֮֮У´˶ϣܳɲţֻҪúŬÿ춼нʱһһó´⡣
ǣ磬ģһúѧϰȡҵ⡣ͻȻİٱ·𿴵˱ԼϵϢĳĽŶʧˡ
ӣ˳¼ңĽ˿
һ鲼£ǲڹԱǰΣ׵λá
϶˼⣬ھ˹ʥ϶裬иλȨʾãҪ˱β̵ȥˣȴް˿̬֮Ϊǫʵѵá
ϵЦ˼֣˵Ҳ࣬һٷɱڵ̸²ѧ۷ԽڸǾмӣһٵóᰶѧϰҲһӦá
ϣ´鷿˵˵ûãᰱ·˽ȥˣ鷿ֻʣ´˺ͽˣ΢һʣ˺ͷֻһ𣿡
ǰ׾岻ãȮʱ˵ӣ¼ұֻȮһӡ´˵
֮ǰҲ¼ҵ£֪Ǹ֮ˣг˷ûбңТ˳ϻۣʱһǶ֮ţΪ¼ҹҫ鹡
ˣȮТ˳м֣ϻʵҵ⺢ӴССԹҲľɣҺҲܹҫ棬ֻһ޹޴ƽһáɵ
ڰ̾ɵǸûʲôҰĵˣֻ򵥵ԸҲûʵ֣ԲŻա
װʣӸճʱЩزд£
ȷд£ȮӸõزβøָ㣬Ȯ͵סЩʱղȬǸˣ¼ҾͶˡɲûţʵ֮
Цų棬дһ١˶ʣ´˺ͷҲһȥסһʱ𣿡
ûأ˵ȮӵǷ޶壬ҪԶĸʮշƽȹѣֻĸȥϡ
ʱչȥнȮӣʱ׾Ȯӻ˵ȥʱģˣǲǱ˵˰
ŶһȤأ
סֺĸͺӾȥĺӣָˣ׶ü죬һһ仯뺢ӷֿһ£ӳˣòıҲɵ
ʺʱ򽫳¼ҵĺӵˣֻĳȥ˺δأʺĺĳ׶༪ˡ
ʱ磬ڸ뿪ʱ̲סԳɵ˵֪Īĸó·˵ǻǶԵġ
ߺ󣬳վſվá
磬ոոҵ˵ʲôĻͽڻȥ·ϣ᰺ʡ
ڿһۣҸ˵Ҫ̫ˡ
𣿡᰸˵磬̫ˣҵ״硣
ҡͷôֻСã컯Ū˰
磬ȥúϢɣһȥˡᰰѽ͵ſڣµĲϢ뿪
ڽסСᰡ
ȣ磬ʲô£᰿ܵǰЦޱʡ
̾Ϣһ·ȥ·СЩúĻú顣
á᰹ɵͷ
ƳĳһۣסĻκʱҪĴ첻ۣƶͷб
磬Ҽסˡʵ׽ΪʲôͻȻ˵ĻǽڼȻ˵ˣסͺãֻҪǽ˵Ļ
ʤɴǰ˽սڵж򣬡빫УҪãԹӺһֱӴ硣
磿ɴЦ絹ûֻǽǸĴ𣿡
ʤͷٳ
ôƲ֣ڷֵĴϣڼϪһ˵Цʡ
Ϫ̾˿糯ŭ
Ϊŭʡ
Ϫֽٷˣ亦йԱһ˸ȥ˷ˡ
Ϊβȥʡ
зȷʵֹһνٷˣ汻Աѹˣûصġ
Ϫֻǽٷ׺죬ֹٵذգԱҲɱҳȺԱйԱ岻ȥ
㣿˼
Ϫһ˸ȥּǰͲţһȺٷ˶ѣ첻ɣ
˲żüãõŹգģ˵սٷ֮¾ƽˡڼģǿɰ̲סЦ
ϪڵЦݣеŭʱˣΪڵĻֻ밲οû뵽ԣսٷ֮¾ƽˡ
ƽٷ֮˲Ǳˣǽڡ
ѽǽٷնɱ䲿½Խƽڱȭڽǵϣ
ۺ俴ŵеİ𾪲ѣֻӰȾ첲ͱм˿ڣѪȾİ£һ˿ѪѪڵϣۡ
һδԣڵڣ£ˡ̲ס⡣
֮׺ޱȣھһ֮һҹ֮ƽɼ书֮ߣ˫ȫ
£Ǻ͵ʶ˾棿
۴ããڴ˴´󹦣ּ⣬ΪУͻƽǧһѡ
ּһ£Ծ
пǽڱɵĹְǱĵ֣ڳ£Ҫ͹ְҲô͵һǱУδҲ̫˵㡣
ǽƾһ֮ƽ˷²µĽٷˣһְҲӦõģ侪ȣҲδԷԣڽڽּ󣬷׷׹ء
ҲûϵܵõôߵĹְԭȢ˹ŵԷ˸СĹְδȢ͵ְɼԭóӡ
ӣڸջ˸Ϫʹ˽լӣһƵĹεǰˣˣ
ڼϪһҪ޵ӣæС˶ѣʹġ
ƭңôѪôܲʹΪʲôҪȥǣһȥ֪֪жΣգ֪֪ҵ֪ϢжൣģϪ̲ס۵Ŀˡ
˶ȥϪȥᣬο֪ϧ񣬿ǲӺɷΪѪ㲻ʲôǿθõıأ
Ϊ֮£֮ϣϪԼ׽лϲѣ˵ҪǿԼһġ
Լ𣬲;ñԼʹδһո
𣿡Ϫǻϲڱ 
ڵͷ񲻸
ڣһֱо仰㡣Ϫýջѵãһ𰸡
ڵʱǡ
ʸҴͻ飬Ը⣿Ϫʡ
ڷʣԸ¼޸һУ
˵ʲôУ޹ְֻҪϲҲԸޡϪԥĻص
ʣǹϲ𣿡
ȻϪֱˬ
Цˣȥϴͻ顣
лҪ˵˫죬ͦס

68췴7

Ҷú, ̶ʱգֹ, й, Ϊĸࡣɴ˿ǰӣ˿ޡ
ڹлĸ׿佱
ȥǰּͻ飬ȻӦ֮, ѽּϪͻ飬޷֮ύ֮ҲϺ񹧺, һʱ䣬˾ֿȵ
ɴ֮ô, ΪԼĸֽһȻҲҪֵһЩ, ɾ䡣
֮ںʱ
ɴ˶ɫ, ȻĹԶ, ů͸жú޲ýԼ, ϲƿر, ˸жµĸо·еһж֮һ
ǲĳˣȴĶ, ָожֻԼ֪
ڻصʼҺעػϸ, Ҳðˡ
ѣǵȵ𡣡
ʮ궼ȹˣһֻҪҵܳ, ٵʮҲԸ
ߡʤͳţȭ
ڿ粻ؿ
²ԹӴԾӡʤǫ
ļ׽:СҳУ͸һлᣬһر塣
ⶼӦģ̸ʲôرϣʤӣʤڽǰΡ
ڸ̾Ҷ֮ͬˣӦõġ
֮ͬˣ
ߺʤһֱ˼仰Ǳɱ˼СӣΪĸӣʵǳˡˣ˵ĸΪͣȴŹ壬ȫȻһ£ô֮ͬˣ
ʤЦһȫȻûڵĻ£תݡ
ڻصУе鷿ⶾ֮½еˣ
عӣѾкζƽҩص
ʣҪʱ䣿
˶ǳ֮ʮָӣ֮ҩҲҪʱоʱѹƶĽҩ׵ã׽ⶾĽҩȴף빫ĵȴһʱա
ڵͷȥæְ˪е߷Ըǰʱҽ¿аף
Ѿף͵ȹʾˡ˪ص
ʣīֽһдһߵǱжɡ
ǣ
˪뿪֣ڷ±ʣֽʤ֣ǡ
ϰ壬衣ʤɴ֮ǰ£ʱ·һϢƬ̡
ϰֻһǰȥкĿˡ
ڽıؾ֮·ϣʱвٿˣϰæȻ죬ʤ⣬˵ǰȲ裬ϰԶ˷۹룬˲жˣʲôݣܿеˡ
˵ûʲôرģԶλˣŮװ꣬˵ѹ±ʤȤ˵
ӣǰǾˣһСĵ㣬Ҫ˷ǵݡ
С壬ȷֳھ𣿡
ȷһдˡ
ô꣬ҲĲ֪ôˡ
ӱģһҵӵġ
ʤһ֪һͣҪȥѰ׵ģ˿ڲ裬ҲһãҪǻţӦͲ󣬲òܻţ˵Ѿˡ
ӣ߰ɣɫ磬ǸϽǣҸطš
á
Ͷ˷²Ǯ뿪ʤʱϵһ壬ȴȻ֪
λӣˡʤ֮ˣȻصܵҪǡ
Ͷͣ²תͷȥʱɫһ䣬Ӵ˹ȥлλӣҪҺñӼ񵽣صź
塭ʤҪ黹壬ȴƺЩ죬ϸֿϳҵ壬ʱɫǴӺδ
СҼҹӴСߵ塣
Сߣ㡢ʤ𾪲ѣ̽ʡ
ô֪ҵ֣
ʤϲ
ǡ磿ʡ
ʤͷǴ磬㻹ţ
磬Ҵ𣿡񼤶ʡ
ʤ䣬¶첲һ࣬Ȼһ֣㿴
סƬ̺ҲӣҲһ֡
ӣǴӡС˵Ĵӣҵˡ
һţϲ
֮һ˻˸Ƨĵط˵
ЩҺС߱£ûҵ磬ֱǰŴڳѰǶʧأֵ֪ھǣѰˣڵžۡۿ
ʤ۲ѣЩˡ˶٣ʣ븸ĸ;Ѱ˵͸ĸ׶ˣôģ
˸ĸ׽Ҳ£ӹһ٣뿪ҲŸҳһֱƴܣҲ֪˶Զ˹ȥĴȣΪ˶ܷͷҾһֱסڴ氲ȫʱȥ㣬ȴ˵ȥ˾ӪսٺֻܸŴ
ʤסõ֣ϧָ粻ãûܼʱҵ㣬ôĿࡣ
֮껹žۣٶҲֵˣ磬ô˳Щ㶼ڳ𣿡ʡ
ʤͷԣҸŷڳҪ°졣
ˣʲôˣɻʡ
ʤĻʺ󡣡
ʺϣʡ
ʤͷǡ
磬ôǵĳ˰£Ȼ
ʤʣˣʲôˣ˵ʲô
磬ɱһҵĲǱˣˣʺ˵ãʺ£Ϊ˰𣿡ŭ
ʤ֣ɱһҵˣܵģǲʲô
˴ɽôųˣܣš
ۿɱ˵͵ܵܣ磬дġֳģ羹ȻųҲãǺãνķ˰ɣ߱ǣ͵ôδٻߣȥ߷ˣɱڡ
ʤһסҪߵã˵ʲô£㣬㻹𣿡
ͣ²ӣң
šʤſͷ˵ϣôˣҾȻΪʵ̫ˡ
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񰲸ҲǱڹﲻģ磬Ҫô죿
֮𲻵òʤӰг룬վȭŭҪ𡣡
ʣҪȥɱ𣿡
书ǿɲ⣬ԶɣҪóȻԳ¡ʤŭڡ
ʣǸô죿
һ˿Ǳ𡣡ʤ򾩳ǵķ
鷿飬ͻȻϸ΢춯΢̧ӣҪϢƬ̣κǰš
ǣӡ˪Ӧ¡
գ۵Ĺʤ͵ǰڰչĸʲô£
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װ⣬֪ʲô
֪֪ĳ˲ǳۡʤ
ɫƽƬ̺˵ͷû֪ˣֹ֪ҵҲ֪ġ
ھǵϢ͸¶ȥģʤˣΪʲô֪ھǣһǽڰв߻
ûзϣ磬ҺĽ㣬һûϣұͲҶˣȫұɱֻһ˻ţϣžۡ
ʲôʱ֪ģʤе£ûзֽκεķ֮
ڵ˹󲻾á
ʤ룬ѾǼǰˣھȻڵ֪ĳ˺󣬲ɫһĶԳ˹мӣ̳̣֮ǸӢۡ
ôʤʡ
ڸֶ𣡡
ʤ䣬սȭͷͻȻ˵ϣԸһ֮
𡣡ڷʤ˵ͬӦõġ
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ʤڰ͸ˣԹĳﻮЧҲࡣ
ʤɴǱ߰ڻɴ˿֪һԵΣƽ

һֻ˼еĺϣǵΧƽкá
С᰽յļ࣬˶þܸˡڿŵ
˵⣬ǫҾҲȲ硣
ܱȹȥźأҸϲļѻڴ󷽵
ӦһŬġ
¹һԺȲ裬ʣ͹Ļڽ绹пճ
ɹвٰ죬ʵûʲô¿ȳ׼ʱϯˡЦ
ĽȢĪҫܼ޸磬ҲĪĸ
СԽˣǲҲϲЦտں˿ڲЦʡ
ҡͷҵʱնʮ䵭ҵҲ͸룬ʲôƵģҵˣǰҵңڲˣЩϰˡ
ˣȻͲˣ롣ڰ룬ѾȷᰵݣԶ˳ᰡ
ԶԶǲὫ˵䲻ǳ¼ҵĺӣСڳ¼ҳ󣬷޶٣ٲкӣʮݣ˵͸ġ
˼벻Լǳ¼ϣһ˵Ϳˣ߸˵ýٽʽ
ڴ齫ɴųǰͺ񣬳ɺͽ˵ڼһüӣ̲ס֮һҲжܶ鶼찲źõģȴܸıģһ·ͨ绻һ·ߣҲǹ
ү¹پ塣ͬඥ˲ͨ͸ˡ
ѾˣȻ治⣬ƣֻҪúǣܱûкð
ЦЦٵֻһ仰˼һǡ
ү˵¹ϴ
ߵߣСϣ˿˺Сᰣȥ޶˻¡
үԺ⣿ɾʡ
ʣѵûɹΪҪĻǵĽӵ
ү˼ǣһµͷֲš
ʾڽʱһԣЩлҴ棬ЩҴ֮˲֮裬뷽跨ҪΪ˰ȫЩ˽ҪԱ֮ӵϢıԱ󣬵ǳıϣܷǻɸҵ
͵һģЩûԵڵء
ڷסֱСġ
һ뿪ɻʣôˣ
ҡһ˦ᰣһ㿴
¼УҪˣʲô
С̣ܽģͷһΣŻˣ첻ҳ
ɻл㱻ص¼ңͽԼؽ鷿κҲԲȣֱҹʱ֣˰ѵ˳ᰵԷᰴߣ𵶾Ҫȥ
ᰶһĻúѧϰŬ¼ҷᰶô˯еĳԺ˵λ
ͻȻͣ˶ŵ־ҵĶ˵һ˵ɱ֮ӣЩ֮˲ĻɱԱס¼֮
һ˵ɱǳ¼һʺһĺӣѪȴƵ֮ˣֻҪúý̵Ϊ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һ˽սǺ޲ģµˡ
춯͵ſţΪǷ紵ģԺţвȵϵĵŵЩȥ˰ܵ˳ɵӣ˳ɻС
Ҫɱᰶҡ
ɱ˱ֱ̧ۣסɵӡ
¼ҵ¾۵׵ʤϢ뿪¼ңһһʮ˽ڣ󲻽ʽڣô֪ɲɱ
ƣôµ˺ɱԼһִĺӣںŲ赭
ʤͬĻ⿴ᰱһСõӾ֪ɲǸĺݵģһܺڣԼѡ˸ĸ
룬ʣΪβ
ԭжһ̫ӣδ£Һͳһ²ɱ᰻õļֵ
ʤʣ׼ô
֪ˣ׼һϷɣڿХĺ磬ˣ컹Զ


69췴8

, ѾƳҩ
գ鷿, Ӱ߳, ˵
ϲ棿øҿ
óһСƿӵݸ
ڽӹһӴҩǽҩ
ǣҩǸݹӸʱѹƶҩΪ, ෬ƶԿԽ⹫֮˵
δһ˿ԥ, ҩˡ
һֱŵĿŽڵɫһӺ, ³һںѪϽǰ, ϲϲ, Ѿ˴롣
Žһ룿ؿʡ
˲Žһ붾, ǻҪһΣ
͵жʱճ, ⶾ, ˹ӵӡ
ǻҪΣʡ
ԼҪΡ
ԤлҪһΡ
ʣʱգ
ÿνⶾʱҪա
룬ʮģ໹Ҫ, ºϪ, ʱոպã΢˼˸
ڶ˼, ֮տ£ɴڵĻʡ
ڵͷϪǳ谮ĹĻۿ϶Ϊӣ۽עڻϣط¡
Լ谮ŮĻ֮ʹԳ˵Ϊġ
Ҷֻֻ֮ʣʱգʵЩִ١ɴ˵
ڵţĸ׵һܲһС
ãǾڴ֮жΪҶѩޡɴ˵
ڱȭأлĸס
ʮ󣬽ڵѪεѪûǰεĺڣ³Ҳˣ˵ѽֻ꣬Ҫһʱ䣬޴󰭡
ڶĶѽ⣬ھ泩վǴ֮գһжҪ˽ˡ
ǰҹڽһ˹鷿̸ã뿪ú󣬻ʹб䶯
Ϫ飬׹սԳϯ񣬰Ҳۼڽϣۿһʤϲ£ǰδеַǷ
ˣѾˡʤϢɴ
ĹأϪҪػʹߵݳۺͻʺ󣬶ӻʹޣӵԭĹҲǹ˽סﶼԡ
ɴڼ룬Խ¯ʣ׼׵
طˣ﹬ⶼ׼׵ǱҲϢ¾㱸ֻȷһ£жʤص
ɴʣأ
¼Ѿסڵŷˡ
ɴ˵ͷټڳȺ򣬴Ҹǰȥϡ
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ɴ˽ڣóһ׻ȹḧȥʮˣٴδǣһյȵ̫ˣ
޷ܴܿǹվǰ
ʱɴ˴ŻĻʺװ˳һۼĿյϣһ֣أμʺ
ڽʿ𣡡ɴʮǰҴ֮սҰܣʿɳʧҵܾ裬޼ҿɹ飬ʮ꣬踺أΪӪȵһϴ֮裬ҴжԸ汾ɱʹҹ⸴ɽ
Ը⡢Ը⡢Ը⣡Ӧȣ硣
ɴ˺˵ķӦٵ걾ȵ۵Ÿʮȥˣ̫ӵѾˣֻҪҵɱ˳ʵۣӵ̫ӵǻҴɹ⸴
ĩЧһʺ̫ӵ£⸴룬⸴룬⸴룡
ʤ˸˵˾ƣɴ˽ӹָѪ߾ͷķڣ飬ǵóԸ쿪ʤԱϣͷ֮һڵϣʤ
ʤʤʤҲеѪڵϣ
ɴ˼ʱˣһ
ǧƺƵĳɱȥ
ž
ɵͻȻըһ̻ڸͷһϲĻ̌ͷȥ˪ȥӿٶ빬
ǣ˪תͷȥ
ʹУһϲϪڽǵٹٵļ֤£ݱۺͻʺͻȻϣ빬С
˽Ǵ󾪣ϪǾôӵվĪ
һʵǺݣж
Ϊ׵Գʺ󣬴ǧˣҪΪ𡣡ص
ٹһңͱ𣿶ʮʱˣôʱи֮٣
Ϫָڴ֮գȻô˻ṥʹ
ʣںδ
˴Ź룬УѱţѾɱˡ
йԱԱǧˣܳʲô
ֻ֪ǧˣ书ǿһа٣Ӧһ·ͨɱ˻ʹ
Ϫ̲סʣӦڻʹӦ
عûڹӦǸ˳ţ˽Ӧ˿ǵˡ
ʲô˹ʹ·׼ȥȽڵϲƣԾʣҽأ
үӭ׶Ѿ빬ˡ˻ص
ɫأУҽΣգҪȥ
үǵ书ȥүˡż׷ȥǳѾܳ˸š
ڼҿųᰵĳɵ֪᰽ҽˣһˣæ׷ȥ
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ΣգҪȥ᰼
ɵ书ﲻæȥֻҡ
ҵǽȵģѣҲӲܣǴ񣬹ƥҪΪһᰴȻ
𾪵ĿŶӣʮˣǵһμеģ֮䣬ȦĶӾͳһ㣬ǸŵÿޱӺųӣһصӺˡ
᰼ֱĶԼӣСʣҡ˵ʲô𣿡
ûûУᰶ˵öԣүľˣѣ㱨ʱˣᰶҪסΣҲǳʵ
صͷҼסˡ
ȥɣ£Զĺܣ¼Ҷļ
Ӧ£첽ˡ
ʣּǰȥɱˣӹּ
ҲּҲּǰȥɱ
ӣû
˼Ƭ̵ؽӵǰȥɱ
ּ
һӺϣŽ赲˵֮빬үγй֮ƣסˡ
Խ˿
ϪҲ˶УֻҪˣʲôˡ
ڰǰȥһۣҪۿ˷ס
ǣ
ߵϪǰסŶñ֣Ȱ£ڸߡ
ǣʡϪŸ׵Ĳӣһһ̤
ʱ֮ɴϣӺһڽֵСʶĸϽÿҲһС
ǰҪɸҵˡ
ͷԲѣûѾ·һ𣿡Ӵص
ɴЦֻҪһ£ĻλҪëͷСӻҿڳԣ
ӻû㱻ΧˣҡͷĴ㣿Ҫأֱۡ
Χɴ˴ЦΧ˭һ
ָָͷϵĽڣ㿴壬ҴүǴӣѾ·ˣ㻹־ܰɣ
ĻӣɴתͷڣҵĶλ޴Ļӣ㾿Ǻݣ
ҵĶ
Ӵ󾪣ھȻĶӣܰɣ
ڼǰɴߣɨһôӴ߳ĳۼԱһۣҵȻǳ
Ӵ˿˵ôȾ
ɴšüҶϷˡ
ɻϲͻ鹫Ϊڶ¡ɱˣ˵꣬ν𣬳ɴɱȥ
ۺԱڵĻ޲мӣϪй⣬ֵŽڵİΣһ˲һ˲ĶŽڣˡ
ɴ֪Ѿѱ䣬ŭ޽ӣڷɶһ𣬡ӣ㾹Ȼұң֪ʲô³
ɱȫңƭң¶Ҳǵ֪˭ĳ˰ˣ̸αѣһ߲ɱһ߻ص
ɴ𾪣㾹Ȼ֪ˡ
û֪ˡ˵գһ˹ȥ
˴򶷼ң˵ñڵסû˵ʲô
غɴ˰ˣţԼôܸڣڵ书̵ģֻ߳ɣҲвġ
ڵأ˿ѪԼϢҲæԼ˸ŷȻ˶ôжҺʱеĶ
ڿһ
ɴ˳߿ȥ͵һʤҲѱ
ʤʲôҲû˵ߵ˽ߣԼ
ɴŭɶǺʱһģΪʲô˿δ죿ɶ
Ӵǰɴ˸ס
ֱڲϣɴ˻δعʮĳı׾ͰˣΪʲôΪʲô
ӱܣһŵĶӣӴɱ˸ɾ
ɴ˼ȥı˱ۣʱ⾡Թ͵ǯĽϮȥ
磬ˣʱ᰿·ϼһѵ˹ҪɱڣԥĽ̽˵塣
ɴ˳ʹͷȥѱд̴תͷȥɱǳ᰺󣬲ŵĵɴ˫ۣȻԼУ
ᰵľٶûϵģֹйԱ𾪣ʤҲһ͵Ŀڣԭ˵üֵ˼ʲôԼӵиĵأ
ɴ˳֣߳ĸףһ죬Ѫӿӿû
Ϊ˻Ҫ֣յּӴȣ׼ҽ磡
ڡɴ˿ڣ޵ҧгݣһжʤ¶ϳ۳ʹɱ̫ˣ̫ˣ
㻹ҵҽ!úݺݰγٴγȥ
ǰСᰣ˷ˣѾ·һ
ã磬ġ᰽˵ϡ
ɴľˣ³һѪ˵ϣ۾ϿգֻһתүʮŻѪһϹôͲأ
̫ӣϣôܡôܡ
˿һҵʹĺҲü֪޽ģҲ汳ģס͵ֳšһö
СģڵһĶһ߷ǰһѡ
ֻǽڵٶȸȲۼҪϪ壬͵ĽϪڻУԼȥϪ
˴󾪡
Ӵɾǧһ֮ʱ˹ȥ۵˰ֻǰƫֻǴ˴ӵֱۣ֮ǡ
˽˿
ɴˣڵ֪һֻһӵֱ֮󣬻ŲʺԹʱɴ˫ۿųᰣᰱ˫۾ŵЩڳɸϽʱ˽ɻд󺰣ᰶ£
£еڣûˣûˡɽ§סӣᰶǳ¼ҵĽǴӢۣǵĺöӣ
ᰵЦˣõˡ
ȵ֮սˣȵ۲ûж֣ʵ۾裬֮ɱˣԾʺõ֪УԸȥĸʹЩ갵гıƣ˲캦֮¡
ζǰı֮ޣܱһ¡
ҴܵôͲţǹ֮֮
ԱӦͣôͲţǹ֮֮ϵôǻ֮֮
ƽʤǱڴ뿪˾ǣվڳǽ֮ϣö˻ȥӰǡ
ӣʤʮǰѾҵһ൱ĹѾռƻС
ϵû뵽Ȼڲķڲĸ
ƽймӣܳأϪ֣ΪЧµĶ
ǴξȼйΪӳĸֵ˵Խٲʢ
ɱйټְĽ̵֮£Ϊ֮ţ󽫳¼ҷ
󣬽ڴϪ뿪˾ǣʳ£ɽˮһһŮһҸΪĽɾ¡
1ػϪһҸɡ
2ʺʳʹĴۣɡ
Ϊһ磬׼321
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лҪ˵дһ£ҪľԼ

70֪1

һ, Ϸʢġ
ͬ־, ĺپͷһ, оͷǸŵĲһһķչ·
಻, 볤壬۲ۣǰ
ǰĿԺ, ǰۻԺĺãͰ, ͬ־ǣ
ӴӳΪŸվ﹡ϺĭɣɻŮŮǻѪ, ȫȻͷŸһ, ˮʪ͸·, ǻӺ, ݵĽ̵ĵӲ-ˮ
Ϊ񺰵ÿڸ, ڲϵľˮ͹˼ˮż
̫£һ޼ˮҲ̵ӡ
¹ˡ
ŮŮʰũ, ƣ۵½ũ߹ȥ
ӵĹ, Ϲǰũߣ¹ҲҪũ߲ܻؼҡ
һۣҲ, һڵϹЦݣȺ˵˵ЦЦյҲǢ
һȺǰûκ˵ڽϵͳݹľԭļ䡣
ͻȻ߼һʹҪתͷȴұ˵ƤЦ˳ЦȥһŸӶ£ɫӣһͷ̷žˮͳͷŮƤգֱЦ
ڲԭļ䣬֪ǰŮݣܰʮһ꣬ԭͬѧŮѣǰӱ·ŵɳӡ
ʲôأüûӦܰЩԹ˵
˸˵µĹ֡
㣬·ҪϸСˤˡܰҲ˵ûˣѷңһȥ
˵ȥɡ
һӣһۣͱˣȻȥϢܰ˵ŽڲϵľˮȡŹϣŰϵıⵣȡԼϣְԼĳͷŽһߵķˡ
ڼŮʧȺУֻñˮ֪෿ȥ˳һ۸սľͼ䡣
֪ࡣһܹһŮסȥ·
̧ͷǰվһźͷŴӣϻ׵׶ɫӵŮ
ŮǱش
ڼͷû˵ֻʣͬ־£
СҪº㽲˵꣬ɿ쿴һۣתˡ
һŮȶɬģǸ˶óʲô⡣
ʵϣɳӵ˶֪ϲԭɴҲ֪ԭܰڴ󡣿ԭûоܾİĽʱʱһİʾΪ˼
ԭϲֻͨõһЩָֹߵĻơ
˭ӴӳΪŮͷ磬СǸϡŮڼмܳ谮ֻҪ˵ĻӳΪһ㶼ţˣԭİ£ܵõٺô
ƽղ˼ҵĺһϹֻ֣Ҫڼϴϴ£ƤӱŮӰ׾࣬ҼҾҲҪãϵ·Ҳûвϴøɸɾ͸㣬֪ĻΪǳ֪ࡣ
ԭȻʮӢÿ׳ɷֲãҲ˹֪ʱʱмӼãʱɷֺ͹һӣЩ֪ų⣬ֱصĴ񼷶ңҪŮܰóǮͳʳֲ˵Ȱ˵Ҫһӻúܼѡ
мҾõŮѰиɲŮշԭѵʱûʣܶʱǿ֪ͱصĴ
ûԭһŮ˰ӵС
˵Ů˻ϵĺô㵹Ҳ̫ϾƸǣһԸһԸԭҲûбǣԭĵطȴǰѵʱŮ˵
ʱǴ˶βϣټɷֺüйְ֪½سˣ˶ãɳҲӭһسԼҪ˵ġҪ¡ǹڻسġ
ԭ飬ԭΪܻسǴӦҪ󣬺֣ܰ顣ԭõ˵ľŮܰġ
ԭŻسǵ뿪˺ɳӣص˱ǣϴѧμӹ͹ټ֮Ů飬ӹҸûٻعɳӣҲûжֶҵĳŵ
ԭ뿪󲻾ñУºӣڴָзӳں꣬ܲ˶ɷ˼źȥԭȴԭ§һеŮ˳谮Ļš
ɷţûǰԭĬĬŶӻص˼磬صҺ󣬼Ҳ£׺ĸ类˾ٱͶҽ˼ĸ׼ѪԲڴû¾ȥˡ
úõļͻȻûˣɷҲûһ˶ĸӵ̬һٰʮȴת䣬ĸӹʮּѣాʮ꣬ԼǰŶӵ߶ԭĴڡ
ֻʮĸףŶԸ׵ʹޣ뿪˼硣
ȥ˱ǣ˼ύһȺ꣬˽Щɷ£׬˲ٺǮΪ˱ԭͬĸĵҲ󽫵ܱܵñҹС-㡣
úõļұܹ⣬úõĶŮ;ԭԲڴʱӼֵ֪ԭ½£˻飬ԭҽԺʽ
ʱˣԭһжıԭЩûιȥ
ҲûкõĽ֣鱻˲Ϊ̫أ̡
ԭس˫ŮҲȺС
ԭ֪Ϣ󣬱ʹһѪԭ֮һͷͷ͵Ůǰԭϳܰ
ԭԭֺܰܰҲУȥԭüԭŽֳ֤ûаԭʧȵĻصӣʲôҲû
һºԭ˳ǣҲյ˼ţ֪ԭǶŭ֮ˣںѵİ£ȻסˣСҲҪϹۿ壬޷С
ڼİ»˳ǣڸĸı½˻飬޷ָ˼ˮȵӣֺ±֪ɷһ٣˻飬ˣҲֻŲ忿άơ
֪ԭΣˣܰŲˣԭϸɾ·˺ӣͷԭ㡣
ԭܰóлԼǮβһªСԼһ
ԭ˻ں޵ˮûǸĻسͲẦܰһҲҵĽ֡
ԼֱǻãǺܰŮ֣ϣһϣŮӵҸ
˫ˣҪͬʱŮ˻Ҹ
ΪͬʱȢӣʱҲԼôôôɣ
лҪ˵컹һ9
Ԥղءϵͳ촩
ԽǧСΪУϴ֮·Ϊһˡ
ݶ磺
1
2
3Ͻ
4ӻͷ
5ܼ
6ֳ
7ػ

71֪2

ͬҵ֪඼˯ź, ڴӴˡ
˼ȥǾҪȥһ
ٳǰ, ۻȥԭĸΨһ
һѾ
ѵ, ڳˡ
һ֪ۻˣѾ˯, ԭҹϰߣڵ뿪ûκ˵ע⡣
С֪෿Զϸ˵֪෿, ˼Ӿ͵ˡ
ҹɫľС·ܿ, ڽС־Ϳǰ, ͬ־
֪, ˡϤ, Ҳӭȥ
, ӾĴ, Ծɵĺͷӣ黨ӣȴͿĨЩ֬, ߲Ӱ, Լɼ˼˵Ȼ
ڴŰױӣ볤̵ͷɸɾ, ͸㡣
֪ǱҪ࣬ˣ۵ò˵ʱҲ᲻ܲ۵˯ԭһҲҪϴɾ˸ɾ·˯ϰһա
ɷֲãҾãȴ֪Ůϲ
Ҳϲԭ֮һúÿɾʣ´Ŵֲ¶ÿ
ڳͷʲô·ǵô˵Σյġ
ӵСͨһƬĴɽɽϻǡҰҰޣСżҲҰߴ·ҲṥСİ춼οһŮӴϵⶫη塣
ڵЩΪһеľֻϧ񲻺ã˸С
Ұ˵мسǵ㲻һֱسϢǰ㣬˸ˡҲûӣֱ˵
ڱֳǡôľϲͼҲлسˣмЩˣ
ǵģˡͷش⣬ȷм˭Ҳ
ʧЦҸ˸ʲô˭ҡ
ԭĸ׳ɷֲãԩУûԭݣسǣѡ
֪࣬Ҫسǣ취ŪϽ˵
ڲˡ
ھȣܰŪôŪ
Ұ˵ӾԻˣֻҪ˽͵͵ľͿԣֻҪɲǲ˵˭Ҳ֪˭ģֶѣѵġ˵
ڰ̾ɵôȥٱ
£ǲȥٱģΪ߼ߣõسǵԼĺ·
ڰŰɣôף
ҰǴӳ˭س˵㣬ҰˣֻҪдȥˡţֲ䣬ұ֤ܰõسǵ
֪ʣΪʲôҪң
ҡϲ㣬㲻𣿡˵ߺ
ϲںܾˣȴǵһôֱ׵˵˾Ҫ½ڣҲ˲˵ʲôŮҪҪֵˣϲˣһҪõ֡
˵ж㲻֪𣿡
ǸܰʲôõģܸҶܸҲܸ֪࣬ûǳ˶࣬ҲϿľ仰
˵Ǹޣ
ûãҴ
Ȼ仰ʺԭ
Ҳ˼ҵ˼ǡʾ֭ǡıһ뵽һ䣬ҵ˼ߴߣˮʹô㣬ܰ䲻㡣
һûǰģܰسǣֻҪֺҽ飬ҾͰسǣ㲻ѧҼҿԳǮ㡣
س飬ջʮ
䲻ܰÿҲǺɳӵһ֦׮ô㶼ԭ׬ԭѹֻľ
ǽڲԭ˵ĳ룬ֱӾܾˣԲͬ־Ҳ֣ܰܰллҵ⣬Ҳܽܡ
֪ⳡ˵ĸעҪܾˣҪǰ֪ɻ½յľ
֪ࣿţĻѾ˵ˣھȻӦѵбҪ
ǰһʣ֪࣬㻹ʲôҪ㾡ҶӦ㣬ĺϲ㣬飬ʲôģҡ
ͬ־ڴĻûҪҶʲôҪҲûУֻǲϲ㡣
ɴ˫ۣﲻãǾûܰúÿ𣿡
˳Ȳܰ⣬Ķܰǿûɲϲ
ôĺôֻҪǸ˶ѡѡܰġ
ܺãΪ̫ˣҲ˺㡣ڵ
ҡͷ㲻˺ҵġ
һᡣڿ˵ûõһسǺҪǲô죿
Ҳû˵㲻ᡭ
һġڴĻҪһ˳ǣҲٻصʹĵطҲ֪ȢһŮˣһһУʼҵһǮϴѧѧҵμӹһƯŮ˽飬һøɸɾ
ŵĿ˵ʲô
һڱ˵ָʹӣļ̧ͷܾίڼ˵
¶ֵɫ
ǰһһִļϣͬ־㱾ӵǣҸαҪԼƽȥ
ѵʱңҽڵĶˣҲܹ𱨣лᣬһúñ㡣ܰҵŮѣǰǣǣԺҲһֱǣҲᱳ
ȥɣҲ˵ȥ͵û棬ȥúһҵĻ׵ġ
ˣͬ˪һ㣬جج뿪С֡
ֱ֪׵ľܾѹģܾóף˵ı绹ݡ
ϸˣܰԭŮѣǲĵߣ˵ıԴֻҪܾʾãжϱԴͷ˵Ľ־ͻд
С֣Ҳ뿪ҹһʵûš
໡
ڸ̧ţﴫһδӦֻһɫȻͳ˹ǰԶľ롣
ͨһ涼
ʵһܵĺ˼תܣȻȴûٷ׳ŵӿ˹ȥ¹⣬ϳȻֻɫĴҰ
ҰƸպͱҰ޽һȫˣĴѪһӾͽʪ˵档
Ӱ߲һ˿綼ûУ˿̸Ҳúˡ
ȫëҪˣʶĻܣҰһ˫Ѫ۾ڿһ㣬Ұ۾￴
ϵͳҪ𣿡ڲȷʡ
ϵͳ˸Ƿ˵һʤ߼
ڣ
лҪ˵ҶӣȰɾȰɣоϲ
ڣ˾ҰᱻɵӰɣ
ϵͳܴһۣ
ڣҲ㽾
ϵͳҽĴìܰ
ڣ

72֪3

صҺ, һһӶ, ĸֳΧ˰Ž, ʲô£
ŽСֵһһʮĸ˼ˡ
˵ۼҶˣսڻӦֱ̫
, սΪԼǸɶȢӲɣҲ˵
Ӿߣҹȥ
վסһֱû˵ΪסСӡ
ֵܼס
Ϊֻ̰રવĳ, һ˵ˣţˮҲǿͷ, ½ԸȻ, ¾ա
, ɲܾô, СռۼҲٱ, 粻˵
ΪСһ, 㻹զִ˹ʺǣ
һȺûӵģ°˾Ҳռ֪ڴŶҪвһ, ˵ںܰû, Ҳ󵽣ŮǰʾѾˣΪڶŮе˼, Ŭһܳ£ѾѻˣҪǻȥ鷳Ц
СôίѵˣҲ֪ԼҲռǼıԼ˶ίȴί
Ϊݳһ˵ίˣ˼Ұ˸ϵΪã˼ڰأѲ˻سС˻飬ȻƨˣҲǲŸģ
Сģң˻ԼȭͷһҪǸҶòҪڸ׵ļơ
ΪЦ˼ˣզ죿
ҡ类ҭס˿磬ǿװ˵ȥץȡ
Ϊʣ֪զȥҵҪǲκε
֣ܹɣСΪϱûףһ졣
Ϊ˿˵֪֪治֪ģƤѻǣ˵ˣزƽ޹˵˼
ȻΪʲôҪ˵˵ռϱ𣿡һӵɻ
Ҳ˵ǰ˵Ǽ˼
˵ˣϲۼС뺦ΪۼСأΪһۣ˵СǻģСǰҲû׸Ե۾ˣ۲ǲµˣ˼Ҵۼǡ
ǰͿˣΪ۰ŮŮףΪŮòӦðŮµ£Ǹɲû𵽴ͷá˽ѣҵĺһ
Ҫ˵ŮһҲҪˡ
֪ȻȱҪǿһЩǲȶԺӹŮĻ֪಻ܷڿǷΧ
ߵŭƽϢȥǱæȻ졣
ʱǰĸ׵ҰĶӣһͷһͷСҰ˳
ǰߵҰߣҰȵԭԭֻĸһС̣ĸһϢѾ죬ȵС̡
¸ĸģҰҲпŴĸ֮ġ
𺳣ĸ˵ģһѺӾȳ
ʱ䲻ˣĸѾҪóĸĶӣȳĸС̡
տʼʱҰΪ̫ʹҶһ£ܵҪڣ֪ΪͻȻû˹֪ھĺӣˣתͷݺݵҧһϣҧ
ھҲĸЩ
ѵԭ⹫֮ԭ⹫ǸˣսԭҲʿֻ֮ϧԭĸײúõˡ
ںˡ۵ͷ󺹣ŵ໽ŵС̴˿
һֻСȡĸͱ۾۽ᣬ֪Ϊ˿̫ʹϲԼƽ
СһֻĸǺƤС˿ֱУлɶҲ
ϵͳ˵٣Ϊǵĵأ
ڣ
Ϊ񰲸ùŮϱŹŮȥ˯£ֶӲȥҽڵ鷳Ҳ˯ˣʱţҪѷˣæȥš
ӳ죬ȥС֣ͬ־˺üͷأһɵ֪ࡣ
̣ɶ̣Ҹͬʡ
ʱѷɽϵҰ˶ϡοǿⰡ˭˲ø𾪡
˵Ҳ֪ͨǣȥ˾֪ˡ
ߣϴ϶ǼһȥΪӷСȥˡ
ʱһ㶼ũҲ߹˵ģĸɣûþ͵С֣һѪıżͷСһͷҰߣĸˡ
ӳȰ̴ɽȥ˰ҰŪȥڼΪˣҲͷģһ˱ͷˡ
ǰͷ̻֪෿֪չţȥ֪ͨӳҰްʣµС̳Եصš
ΪҲ˲ʷʲô£ȥ˼˲˵Ұ˿飬ɽ
ûԼң˶ί칫ҡ
ͷ֪ΧŹۿ໽иͣ
ЩںС̣ССһŵиģˣȤ˵һкµŮ֪ࡣ
ɵ˺һۣ˵⻰˵ã˭и
⻰ǵôҺôЦ
̿ɰҲ˺ܰ˵ܰҽȻôС̡
ܰոڲɾϵѪϴֻµĻҲøԺ
ڻϸɾ·СǼˣˣԹԵķŲ֪档
ӴЩСһﻹأЦ˵
Ҳ˵ɲǣϵýڡ
ڣ
˰ɣ
֪ǴȤһΧŽ˵ôŪ̵ģҪ˵ΪӼˣ㽫˵һ顣
˯ţȥСߣ˭֪һֻҰǰ˿ˣҵʱֻŰҰϽû뵽ҰﻹС̣С̻ڶţҾҵľҰĶӣȡС̡
ֻ˵˯ųȥߣֻδ
ҸӶԽڶһݺøС
ͬ־㵨Ҫ£ŵܻ걻ˣŲɽͣһĿ䡣
֪׷׵ͷڵӴҲ˿á
ڵʲôޣĵͷС̵δӳ⼸ͷҰŻǣ
˶ˣ˻ҰûͷСȻżҰѪԵģҪ˳˿ô죿
Ϊԥãһ˵
ɳÿֻͷϽҵģʣµĲҳһͣһæͷζæŻʲôȤ
һͷС̣ҪˣϽһҲͷҿԺúóһˡ
˵СĳģؾһˣҲʱһҰ·ˡ
֪ж⣬·𿴵Ұǰ
ڷһǣӳûĸ⼸ͷС̿϶óһ̣ǲǵ취СŪЩ̳ԣ
òװͷС̾ȳһǲС
Ϊͷ֪࿼ǵöԣǵ뷨ͷ̵ĸ˵ǰ˵ԼҰͷĸ̣ɣҴͷȥԼҰܲԼҰӵĸһǵС
ڵȻͬ⣬ҲûȨ
ҸһЩɲݣС̷ŽžҪߣʱСһ뺿һҸӰǷŽȥһû취š
ӳЩСˣ벻˽ͬ־ɼҸһæ˵
Ҹһ鿴Žڣ£
ǰСǷŽСǹȻˡ
Ҹһȣģϡ档
ҸӴŽһ̴ŰҰԼҰȥˡ
ɶӣ֪ϴҰóֻҰӣһ߸Ϊʢ緹һ߾ʡ
Ϊӹϡ룬һں˰룬һ̲˳Բ˵ɲǣҺϴ󼸸Žֻ֪ȥԼҰӣ˰⣬ԼҰӵԴӳͬǵǳ̳Ե£֪Ҳˡ
ϾԼҰģԼҰӵĴӳϻףɳӺԼҰҲ׹ϵǰ⣬˳Ľˡ
ʣµİˣΪ˵ǰûСʵҲûСԼȥӵ͸¶֣ⶼΪСأȰȰС뿪ЩɷԺҲǲġ
һҹӶԽڵӡҲĹˣٲҪҽ˵Ļֵ
СһȰģһû˯ٳԵȥ˯һ˿Ҫʢ
Ϊڰ֣һ̲˽Ӹˣһ߲һվˣҲ˯ˣҵȥ˶ί˵˵²Сôȥίί֪
ɷߺʰתȥŮű߱ϣ¸ոɷ˵ĻŮһˣ̾Ϣһ˵ϴȥ
Ŷȥ
Сָ˵Ļ㶼ǰɣϽŽϴҨưˮȥַЩۣλóŮϴ
һϴһһ
Į̃ͬ轲զģ
裬һϣͨˣ֪˵öԣôãӹôãûҪԼƣ֪ǺܺãҺһ·ˣԺҲٷɵˣ裬ǰǶˣԲ𡣡˵Żĸ׾˸
߹ȥŮŮһƬ࣬Ȼһҹû˯˵ǽ֪ûСôõĹϲ˿ɶˣԺҸõġ
ܰܰƣָȥԼҰͶˣһȥڵģܰܰڶȥԼҰˣҲȥСˡӲݵĺ߸ɻܰ㡣
Ǳǽ鳹׷ƪ˲֪Ƿʲô£һͻ뵽ڣҶܰĴʮͬ顣
̧ܰͷȥгŸӷгһú׾Ƥûв·˳谮ţ֪Ϊǳ֪ࡣ
ܰģ½ڱߣ뵽ǰҲСһ۳ţȴֻ泯ĸũ
´յܰ߳⣬ܰܰҪȥڰɡ
ˣһϹءܰջߣӲݡ
һϸŮѣڻǱˣǽڸͲҲʱʱȥŽڣŽڣһ˻ҪԼԾñ˹ŶŲǸ¶
һɸ֣Ҫǽڱˣ޵ʱ򡣡
ܰɻĶ΢٣˶ڵĽڻᱻߣĻᱻ
֪࣬ǸͶˡȦɻĽЦ
ڸĸιʳ̧ͷȥ¶ЦӵʱЦ΢٣ָܿͬ־ˣллǸͶˣǷ¾ͺã࣬Ǿͱˡ
֪඼Ļ࣬Ұ˳㿴̵ҿ˺ûȥ򱨸档˹ȥȦƣͷںСͷɫСһˣҪƤëɫͬƲͷҰ̡
ЦǺ˵֪࣬ͷС̳ãȰǰһȦ
ĸˮ㣬ǳԣųúá˵ҨһʳŽʳ
ԼҰӵֻ̣֮ͬǰΪĽ⣬ĸιʳȦ๤¿ɿʲôۻ˸飬ԭôëж͸
Ŭûа׷ѣǳƼãҲıο
䣬Ҳĸչ˵úã֪࣬ˣҰѾί˱棬ãܿͻнˡ
ллӳˡһϲá
Ҫǵ˱ãĳɷִа
̻Ҫȥӣ뿪ӽڣһ˵ˣչԼ
ллǣһġڼ̹ǳ߳ˣΪеˡ
˵ŻԼҰĴӳŶԽˣæЦŴкֶӣֶŮ֪ͶˣǽܣǱ磬ùüҵĵܵá
ܣáԽòĴк
˹˹ģŸ۾һ
ԼǰϴѧҲĿ˴ѧϴ˶û취ȥϣֻûؼæũüãڶίƣҶԻơ
硣ǰŸĸӴ壬СʱԽǳûˣĴк
Խ˵˼仰ͺԴӳȥ˵ˣԽһЩҳ󷽵ĻشûԾúС
Сһǰһ㣬Ҳҽˡĵú죬ԽԽԽϲ뷨˫ľ롣
ͷã硣
ߣҴȥֵĻԽߡ
һ£ûоܾˡ
ڿȥӰ¶ĸЦ
лҪ˵һд㣬ұĺðɣ

73֪4

ֻСֺ̳, ǸµС̣³Ƶġ
ɲ, һ, ԭֻµԵСЩˡ
ⶼǽ֪һԼҰĳɹ֪
֪ˣ
ɳӣһﶼΧȦ, ֺǵĿֻںСҰ
СҰº͸̣϶ӵֻȦС̸˻ŽȦ, ҵϢС̡
ϾС̻ǰҹö˶ûС, ֻ˵һ˴ҵĺı, ⲻҰһ, ٺ޻ƵĶܹһ۲
ԭΪҰ̳׺ݵҰһ, ۾, ˭֪һͼҲûɶ, ȼûϲģֱ, ÿ˶Ļŭŵġ
ô, ǿԺúóˣ
ջһԽǲҪǮƵĿ䣬ѷ, ˭ôһõʳ˭ǴһĶˣο⣬˵ĳ̶Ⱦ͵øһˡ
֪࣬ӳȥ˶ί칫ҡ
ʹ˵Цţ⺰æӦһãί칫ȥˡ
ӳң칫ңھֱߵ칫ǰŵΪǰ
Ϊ¶ЦŵӸ֪࣬˵
ллӳˡ
Ϊӵĳóһŷ𿪣ĶóЦǺ˵һǰҽɽûҰ˱ȥлظˣһͷӵ룬һ֧˴󹦣ıźͽš
ͷС̣һͷҰһͷͷҰһϽңʣµĲҷ֣ɶίˣǮСˡ
󡢴ӳڼˡ
ΪǸ¸ɲҲ֪ڴʱ뷨Ц˵ŰɣֻҪŬ죬úϽ͹ҵΣԺõıøࡣ
öˣɷҲˡ
ڽӹվΪ˸ǣһŬ죬úϽ͹ҵΣлл㣬ӳ
ԼŬлң˵Ҫлл㡣Ϊڰ֣Ц˵
ŮżԼҰӸ˼ζûһְ֣Ҳƽ֪Ůǳ׷ˣһӱˡ
Ǹ˵£ŮԼҰӴӳĶԽ˺øУԼҶŮҲʮ⣬ǰȥԼҰԴӳ˵Ҫϼףֺǻˡ
ԼСӳ˹İ׾Ƚڲ٣ҲǸĻˣӵƣԼҺԼϱݹϵŮ޹ȥزί
ҪǣŮԼҲԽ
Ů˺ùһӵҲ˵أ⹦͵Ĵͷù㵽ͷϣҪûҰ̣ŮԽҲԵ֡
һӶԽĴ˼ָм
һӾΪ˼ԽĹϵǷٷչ˵Ѿ̸ۼˣ±˵ҸˣҲˣԽǸֵиĺˣԭǿ̫ˡ
ʱһ䣬ھܰˡ
µطһºܿͻᴫڵίõ鲻һͼˣҸп޵ģĽģҲ˵Ựģ϶Խڻֺǵף
Ұ̵ںɳӳ˷Ҳٶų⣬涼ЦĴк
ܰܰҵõĽšڵһʱҵܰ𽻸
ܰóһжʮǮæвУһ²ŵõĽԼŻҲá
ܰܰŰɣţԺ׬Ǯ㶼ţ𣿡ڽǮŽס֡
ܰԾϲĿӣ㡭
⼸ңҲ߹չˣԺͱô۵ϹЩɵĻƣػۻҡһûҲ࣬žۡ
ܰۿʱͺˡ
֪ǰģôлʼŽڲᱳЩ꣬ٿ۶ͦˣǿྡˣ˻ˡ
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ܰһס°㡣
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ܰܰҽˡ¸̾˵
ܰСѧʼͬͬѧǷСˣܰһֱģ⼸ܰͽڵΪܰģýڲǸɿˣʱʱܰҪúùסڣܰĻ£Ҫʱʱߴա
νȥԼҰӣԼҰܣΪڻͻܰˣ˭֪ڲûᣬõĽܰʵ̫ˡ
˵ģܰҪˡ
ܰҼһֱǸˡ
˰ɣǷˣɲˡ»Ц
ܰߺתˡ
ܰ𣿡ʱ洫
ɫƣˣܰܰ£ҳȥ
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ܰҡͷƣ֪ĻΪˣ֪Ϊãú£߳ȥվԺиһϸµӡ
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ܰ˵Ϣȥ𣿡ǰ׽סܰ֡
Ļûôæʱ֪ÿ¿Ϣһ죬ܰͺϢ
ܰһ㶣˿סԼֵ֣ǳԾȥϣ
ǰЩҲûãֲ˵пգһȥ㷽𣿡ʡ
ܰһϴ󷽣ҪŤĻԵûȣͷӦˣһ£һȥ·
ãżġ
ʲôȥܰĻּ
ܰһ﷭·һߵͷô˵ġ
ܰܰȥǱʲôأȥ»˵
ܰ΢㶣·ڡ
ʲôڣҪҪô죿㲻ðհ
ҲС֮ģ֮以˺¶ȥˣϲڱϾûιҲʲôµˣ֪Ůѻȥڡˣʲô
ܰ˼Ӷƽˣᡣ
ոƺǰͬˣǰﶼǱӺͼʣ쵹Ƕ˷κ̹ҽѰʲôҪ˵
ܰܰܲһ䰡¶ҪûƢˡ
ܰ·߳µģм˵С£֪ΪҺãҺܸжҺ֮£ϣԼģһԼµġ
˵꣬ȡЩǮϣЦų˵Ҹ㰮Ե黨ԹԵһ
ȥ˵ȥϪ׽зġ°Թ˵
ܰЦŴȤɣҲϢ
ҲŲûĵģһȥߣıסֱۡ
ܰ߳ţ˵ˣ߰ɣ·ȥ𣿡
ҼгҲ˵ᣬҰɡԾɴúأϲؾŮϲԼϲҽϲ
뵽Խ϶˼˿۵Ц⡣
֪ܰгǰѧˣ˼ӺͲѧˣ񶼲ᣬﲻֹгСγ
˵ʵڻʵˣΪ˽ˡ
ԽھͨŮһ㣬û֪˽Ϊθ鸶˶٣Э˶١
һֱãⶫ㸶öҲع˵Էܵõġ
ܰﳵȥȥӱҪӵĵʱûϢ˶ɻܰһ鶼°͡
ƣǲ֪ôһﳵأ
ǰ̫Ǵ߳𣿡
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Ҫһɣ
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Ǿǣĳ
һ˷ɣҲ֪ˡ
Ҳˡ
Ǵģ˵ĸӮ˵һƱ
ľͶġ
֪ܰһ˵һﳵȥˡ
ڣˡɳιĽڼ
תͷʲôˣ
Ծչ̣ҲʳιιĶøɣǹæˣϾȦаͷĹܴ󣬲ĹҲߵģڹֵķϣҲֵˡ
ܰһȥˡɼ˵
ھȻأ
ȻϽȥͲΪɼһµӣˡ
㲻ǻʵ۲̫ࣿ
ޣɲ̫ࡣ
ڱЦˣҲ̫ḻˣôΪҴ
ȥܰһţͦģǳ׷ˣܰ⿪ĽᣬʼµΪˡ
˵治֪װɵ㲻֪ϲ㰡ò
ڵͷ֪
֪㻹ôÿԿǿﶼװʲô
ڼôֻ˵İɣΪܰܰģѾ˵ˣҲҪˡ
ǰɣʲôʱ˵ģҪ˭ˣЩ¡
һιһ˵ȥԼҰ֮ǰ˵ˣԼҰӴӳҵĶӺˣƹ˶þҪϲˡ
ȥô˵ǰװΪǵ˸¡˽һۣ˼
˵¹غҲ˵ҲȥҴӰ˼Ůӵ
İɣҲǸ͡ɰ룬ǰЩ£ʲôԣ
ڼˣæʣȥģι
ҺȥҲŲûĵļһɰڰ֣Ȧ
ҡͷƵι
໡ͷС밺ͷл
ָǵĺŽѵɶɶᣬɶɶС
໡ͷСͷҪŽڵơ
ڼǴȵģˣһͷһͷȥС۾
ŮǺ㰡ϵͳĵĿˡ
ڣ
ϵͳҲιһưʳôôù̯һϵͳ
ͬ־ʲôϣܰͣڹſڣһ˹磬һ߿Ź̨ϵĶһ
ߵƷĹ̨ǰЦŶۻԱ˵뿴Ʒ
õģӣҰһף۸㣬вۻԱϲ죬ҲЦӯӯģ̨ۻԱһǿ׳ӣϾ⿴Ʒģһ㶼ôӦ
ͷлл㡣
ͬ־㡭ܰ𾪡
ҪƷҪˣ˭
׽ܰ˵ܰҿЩÿ
Ǹ˭򣿡ܰ̽ʡ
Ц˵Լã¸£ҺԼҰӵñҪˡ
ܰ˵
̨ЩûҲãȽЩǮۻԱѶ룬ȡ˳˹硣
ϲ㰡ͬ־ܰ˿ָ˵
Ц˵ллɫܰǰ˺ܶ£˺ܶෳź鷳Բ𡣡
㻹С³嶯Ҳ㡣ܰ˵
С꣬УһֱûµССƽϡ
им֪ûҼƽϹܰĺܺãѹֽ֪ôϲ㡣
ǰһֱܰǿڲ֪ȲܰǰΪǰˣɡ
˵ʲô𣿡ܰʡ
ͷ˵ˣ˵ϲңֻϲһҲͨˣϲҵ˶ȥϲҾˣûҪôģƣڲҵҸ𣿡
ܰóȻ˵ɣ߳θһףҲһ˺ܴľģܷ£ʼһµĸ飬Ϊˡ
ˣȥˣȥ²ˣܰףͽ֪ҸĶˣЦ˵
ܰЦŻأллҲףҸ
һҸģߣӡܰһˡ
˵öԣ·ãܰУˡ
ܰҲûӵȥˡ
˸ĸӣȺİӱֽװţ͸㣬˴ߣ˸һûˣ
ӴСҪȥģͻȻһ߳ƦƦˣ˵·ˡ
ܰǻ̸ɫĳæ󣬡ǻؼңλĹˡ˵Ҫת뿪
ʱ仹硣Ǽֽס
ͷĽǰǸԺζĵ˳Ȼ˸ӳָˣǸżëĶ֣ҲвŮӱŪһǸŭԡ
֪֪࣬಻Ȥˣǿ˴ʵһѽ˴ܰץ˳һЦ˵ⲻǺɳӴӳҵͬ־һգ۾ôˣŮʮ˱䣬ԽԽÿˣȱϱͬ־Ҫ޸ϱˡ


74֪5

, ˡɼһɫŵĺ
ڸʳˮ, һ, һưˮõϣȣҪ, ǵɣתͷɣûʣôˣզզ, 㲻ǺͺȥСϪ׽зȥô±з׽ȥˣ
Цˣĳˡɻ𼱻˵ܰ˳, ˸׽ȥˡ
ɫһ࣬Ϊʲôץǡ
ʱڵȺ, 󲿷ѧ.ǲĹҾ, һȺ֯, Ǵ˶гԭȨɹҪ, вٳʵǴŹŵå
ΪԼĲȡ, ܶ޹˴ѣЩºһԱ, ǵ, Ǹ޼ɵΪΪ
ǸҪǿȢͬ, Ͱܰץˣڣ̸أϽȥȥɼòС
һԭУĸֳǱٱͶѣ֮ԹôңĹҲ١
߰ٲ߾ĳˡɼߴٵ
ڽư£ɫ˵ߡ
·㲻ߣ㴳Ǿ³һ˰ɣ
ӳҲǶӳҲǶӳҺŵ԰ǺʲˣҿǸƵգͰѻ°˰ɡҵƤЦⲻЦĿΪ˵
Ϊ棬̿ӸǺ죬ȭͷҲյÿ죬һҪȥĳ嶯ǳǲãҲҪţ»СС»ˡ
Ѿû˷ִ磬Ůվű߱߾ֵĿĹŮôôֶѣΪҪˣɷǣÿడ
ܰûнվԺ˿ţ߲
ȫǵǣϵʱѾԽִҪȢֱκ
Ҫڱǣü취£ԶˮȲ˽𣬸Ǻã
ΪŬŭѹȥƽ˵ӳܿСŮĸֻСŮѾ£¸¾Ҫˡ
𣿲֪˭Ҫ飿֪ʡ
Ϊ˵ԼҰӴӳҵĶԽѾ̶ˣСŮȥϾѡƷġţֲһ䣬ӳȥԼҰӴӳʣġ
ǰбϵ˼ң˵Ůףӹһ٣ǱǼٵģĥøҡ
˵òãӳȻҲƭҡ
զƭӳ鷳һˣǮ͵ѣӳȥ̳顣ΪΪˣЦǺǵݹȥʮǮ
ʱʮǮСǮˣҲΪļҾõóʮǮΪ֮һ־ʮ飬ҲƲֵ˼
ŴŽһۣеЦιȻûҴˣҼҾãҪȢǼױһܵòǮ
ΪҲ̫ˣΪʮǮܴ
ӳΪǮһ
˿ˮڰ˵ӳżһû˵ء
Ϊ־һ
˵Ѿ£ûǼǾͲ飬δŮδޣҾҺʣӳ㿴أбΪвѯʡ
ΪеǮӳϹذɣ¶󵽡
û½ҺȥǼǣ㲻أʡ
ҲȥǼǣ
ӴһסŮ죬ŵˡ
Ϊ˵ӳƺҲԸ⡭
ŮǰԸģȽ˻ԺȻЭˣǳӵĶӳ޸ҳҶûϣܿĸ
ΪȰ½ԸǿŤĹϲ𰡡
֣ϻôɶҲͬ⣬Ѳɻǿ𣿡ƢҲôѾǼˣԼҸ˵˵û裬Ҳ̲סȵ
ϴ϶Ҳ̵öǳˣܵܳҲһ븽ͣûǲӦ
жۿˣ˶̫ˣΪϧԿҪӹһ٣һúûرǡ
ľܵӴ
ȻݺݵɨֵһۣΪ񷢺ˣӳҺúǷǵҵ⣬ûк³ġ
ӳȻ˵ϣҲͶżˣһ⣬ŮҲ޸㣬ҪǷǵǿȢҺɳҲǳصġȻû˵ΪΪҲ̬
ԼҺԼҰӣʱ⴫Խ
˿ȥԽˡ
һʱ˹ȥ磡
С£ҲίġԽ§ס
ҼԽˣЩ
ܰԺ⿴˿ǣʱӦѾ֪Ϣôٳδѵµˣ
ģŽڲᣬһµˡ
ʱĽڣȥϡ
ڣȥңôˣŽڼһߵɲʡ
˵ȥʲôӣδֵõôʵʵ£Ӹ⡣
Ӹ⣿ʲô˼ǲ
ʱȣҲͣӿ˲ӣ֪ˡ
ʮӺ󣬽ͣһǰ
ǣɿ˿ӣ֪Ҫʲô
˵һס
һץץԴѲкüס
ڵͷţٹ˽ռ˲񷿣һ
ʲôʡ
˵Ҷ
ɶɻʮʴ⡣
ҿ˿ûˣ˵ȱô࣬ҽȥ
ţȥֻܵ޺ʱΧǽߣ˵һͿԽȥ
㶵ͷǽ¡
ڲļΧǽԺӡ
ô죿溰
˵ҷŷ磬˾ѧС
ŶŶáæ۾գҲգ
Ӳ󣬲ļӣԸԷƿݵţŲٶһһȥвʳƷȫ
ԭбᵽռΪֿ⣬ǿռƷ߼Ĳ
һĲֿ⡣
лһ˱ӡ
ûţȻȥԷӶ˸׳죬һ﷭˱ӣһ£Цˡ
Բ˶ߡ
ʱ洫Ľæպ˲첽ӣԺһӼǽ߱ϣΧǽ
ôˣڲûпˣߵʡ
˵ҽţʹé
СƣһžͶʹ
ǵϢڰһۣ߰ɣǰһéޣϽȥˣǻҪȥί
㶨𣿡˵ˣҲôʹˡ
ڵͷת˸һָȥɣ㡣
ãҺܿɽéޡ
Ȼܿ죬ͳˣ˿ίȥˡ
ί칫ң鳤Ѧӻҳһ
ʲôӴԱСδչȥʡ
ѦС˵سسǶڿᣬҽȥˮһ䣬˵ҪϲͶѵ£ճƣ˴ˡ
úõôһרͶѵ£Сʡ
Ѧ˵Ǹɵ˶ˣӰӣ˷˹ϲ顣
ǿǧǲ鵽УؾͲˡСε˵
Ѧҡͷܲ鲻ģˣһϢҲûУǾֱɱ˹ǲʲô׼Ҫϲˡ
֪ͨȥü𣿡Сʡ
Ѧæ֣Ҫ֪ˣǴ˵ɴ£ʵŰɡ
СεͷҪλϣʱˣվ߹ȥʣͬ־ɶ𣿡
ٱͶѡǽںɡ
СκѦɫæܹȥ˸ˣС˵ͬ־û¾ٱɶѽϽȥϹ˷ʱ䣬ͬ־˵ˣ˷ʱ˷Ͻȥɣˡ
ʲôٱΪʲôߣѵɲȺڵ𣿡ɲĺ
Ѧһס죬ͬ־𺰣𺰡
ڼ״ƺʲôίһʲôˣڰʲôҪ£ɲţǲþٱ
ˡ
ǺɳӵģҪٱӶӳԹı˽ռլͶѡڳɤӴ
СһæҪȥڵ죬׼ٺҰ㵱ץ
쵼ͬ־ʲô˼ٱǲãҪгɻӣǿȺڵ쵼ˣôأڶ㿪Сε֣Ӵ
ƿѦҲǣ𣿻òȺ˵ˣ
ѦСһҪĹ˵ģҪǰȥץˣʱҵű򿪣߳ȵʲôֵġ
ءس¡ѦˣϽȸ״
ͳҵ˲ǰ˵û£ǺɳӵԱٱӶӳͶѵģ֤ݡ
Ͷĸ֣߳˶ɫرسˡ
ˣȻȺٱǾҪȺڵͬ־˵ˣٲΪؼֺؼֺһɽװ˳ѦСΰ˰֣ʮ˵
ѦСɫһףæ˿һԣͷ֣ǡ
ʲô֣֣ʡ
ڴ𣬡ǣҽнڣɡ
æߵߡ
Ǳ˰ɣ֣֣΢䣬˶ʡ
ڵ˵ͷǱˣǰ·ŵɳӵġ
ţһ֪֪ࡣ֣֡
æ˲ݹȥ
֣ɫǲã˲ݸسȽȽͬ־Ҳɡ
ȽϽӹǳɫҹϽΪ
Ϊһ֮أ˼Ը⣬ӱ⣬⣬֪ʷˣس֮Բɫ뿴ײʵ⵽˿ϻѹɲȺں쵼Ŷ֣˵
Ƚֱͷ֣ǽѵǣԺ󲻻ٷˡ
ҾϲͶѵģȻǰһ׮Ǿȥֳͬ־ͬ־ȻǾٱˣǴȥɣ֣ں˵
æӦá
Ƚ˽һۣЦ˵֣ǣλͬ־Ϊĺͬ־ء
Ǹˣ֪ȻסˣǽãнĻᡣ
ڵ־ǰúɳϱҰ¼ھǴɽûҰ̵ˡ
ԭǸôоĺͬ־Ƚͬ־ĺͬ־ɵúúüν𵽴ͷãͬ־߾򣬼뵽Ľ֣˵
ȽӦǡ
дһССĵطӳͼٹ˽ռôȺڵĲȻ߼ת֣ıȡ棬ȺڴѣҴ鷳ⲻӰ쵽ȺڻӰ쵽˹Ҿã棬ǳɵ棡ֿ֣еĶòС
ȽҲûϵôأһͷƲסĲ˶ͷϵĺ
֣˵һСӳôⱣϰ˵ɲ쵼ˣɼȺڵӹöѣȽͬ־ȺˮȵУǵȺ쵼˵ҲʳѰͷΣذ
֣˵öԣһϲȥȷеθɾȽ֤˵㳯س˵Ұ칫ңҪ԰
سںɳӣҪǿбȢǴӳŮǴӳ̸ءʱ˵
֣ЦˣΪ˭ΪڻǾᣬǿȨר£ߣȥҵҪǸʲôݽɫ
ʱҡ
ΪĸԽţԽ˵ҺѾףãõ˫ĸͬףҴĽ뱨棬ѾͨˣֻһȥǼǣѾԽϱ
֤ģҲû뱨棬Цʡ
Խ˵ȥ֤
Ǿûн֤û飬ҾȢˣƤ
Խúˣ
ԽܾˡȭͷԽȥ
Խڵأ۾ˡ
һȭ׼ìܣҸӺԽĸҲ˲ʲôǰҪ˽˫˼ҵĴ򶷡
ֻֻˣʮ˫ûһ˾ͱڵء
ǰݺԽţԾ˵ɳӴӳΪԼҰӴӳʤְȨı˽Ͷѣץߣ
ҪҪץǣϣ˹ȥ󣬡ҼޣҼ޸㣬㲻Ҫץǡ
ͣˣ˸ҴߣƲȫ乫
ǣӳǻץץˣĳȥҲ
ȥƷڵأ˹ȥĸףĸŮһ޵˺ѷΡ
ԼҶҪҵݶˡ
ܰƲסæȥæˡ
ҸӺԼҸӸձϳԺӣڴ˵ˣ֣ȽۿͬһѹȺڵĳɫѿˡ
֣ǰһȵס֣
лҪ˵д¡

75֪6

Ĳ۵Ķ, ҹǳ£ָ֣һ
ʶֹ֣֣, ȽظɲҲʶ, ƽʱҲһᣬûظɲ˵ĸɲˡ
ΪֻǺɳӵԱ, Ϊһҵģͻ뿪Ͼ˼˶Ҫ˱
ֻûϵ, ˿塣
֣ŭЦתͷȽ˵˵ǿѹͷ, Ȼ鴫
Щණۣ, Ƚһŵĺ, Ҳ˲ò, ߵ֣˵
ΪȽ, Ұ۵׾һ, س
ȥίᣬȽΣʶ
ءسҪڵĻ˺
Ƚ̿ǰ, ָ˵, ſӳԶӳǡ
ԥҪҪš
ǣרͶѵģ, ·ˣ㻹񣬾Ͳһ𣿡Ƚŭ˵
ͷһ֪鲻ܵİȾܡ
֣ˣ鵽ϣȻܣֱǸûйز֪ɷƤָҽץס
Աǰ˸ˡ
Ƚν˾ֵԱΪ˱֤֣İȫû뵽ץ˵ó
ЩץˣŵøϽˣ﷭ҶҲϽ֣ͣɪɪվԺ
ʱܰҲ׳Ůˣǿųͷͱⵣ͹ӣҪҽ˸ܣյԺ⣬˵мؼɲˣϽũˣվ档
֣Ƚߵǰ֣һССĳӳ˭ôȨѹȺڵģά˶˶ģǴŹҵŵȺڵ档
Ѿˣ׾רȨרƶȰɣ˵˾ݣרҲרϣֲأ
Ƚͬ־ˣҪǲҲȺʵò֪ǵȺӡ
ȽͷԶԣͬ־ˡ
ζ˽ͬ־ͬ־ǽȺڵΣ˴󹦣⹦Ǽϡָָ֣ں˵
ȽӦǣԱ˵λͬ־Ȱץίһȥ졣
ԱѺˣĳɪĸںһ뿪
лллл쵼ǡΪȽһһĵл
֣һñף̾ϢѣӵĶӳǴɲܵĴ˵Ⱥˣǿĵط֪жٵ⣬ҵܳء
͹ҵǺõģֻⲻ˴Źҵǲֵ͹ң־͹ЩΪĶˡΪ˵
ʤҲ˵û͹ԼĹ쵼˸ɲΪȺںõģֻǱĳЩͶȡ˿ӣƣҪͬ־سͬ־ˣˡ
˵úã͹ҶΪȺЩ£ȺϰչϺӣֻԸΥǷģҿһʵϱһһõĽ취ǲ£ǻȥѡ֣ο˵
ǡ
ԱǶ
֣ԼֵֹΪȺڰʵ£õȺڵϿɣʮгɾ͸С
ȽΪȥҰ֣ҲܸȤΪʤͽ֣ȥˡ
ӺԽʰһ£Ϻ
ԱǶɢˣصɻ
Ұ̺ͼ̲ûʲô֣ȭֱеͷЦǺ˵
ȽͷҪǲ˵ȷʵҰںĲ֪ĻΪƷ֡
Ʒ֣֣һҪҰͼֿܲܳƷ֣
ȽƽкãⰡ
Ǿô죿֣̽ʡ
Ƚͷô졣
һͬ־سͬ־ӵ񡣡Ϊ˵
֣ȽһۣЦ
֣˵ǽڰҰģ㲻£
е£ҲܾȻЩСҰҲǻˡʵش
֣ļ򣬿ޣСӣܲ
Ұ֣ȽǾˣΪʤԽлҪǽͬ־ǾͲˣݶҼˡ
λӳÿⶼӦġǫ˵
Ҳûϵε°ô˳ô׳ۣηǲҲҪѲƤˣΪ˳
ڻص֪෿ܰվԺȣæǰܰܰû°ɣ
û£ӣζǣܰ۵ĿԼѡ
֪һֱûֲ¶ȥ취ˡ
ҡҡͷûʲôģֻίˡ
ʲôίģûңҲûжô
˵ˣǱˣҲû뵽ᷢ£ڽڽˣҲ֪Ҫô衣
ɽͼӴ׵֪м˸飬һʱڱ˳Ӣۣ֪ǶԽǾмӣҲĳɷ˵ˡ
պ˽һˣأӳְ⣬ֵЩɵĳҲ˲ͬġ
ЩռĲﶼֻظȺڡ
һкһƬ˵͹ҸȺڳˡ
Ǳ˼ҲָҸĸԽڱжмĴкҲ˵ҪڳԷھܾˡ
գҽڣл
֪࣬ζǣлл㡣ϵھϹл
˵ͬ־˵ѵʱңһرģε͵һر㵱ҵİӽԺ֮以Ƿˡ
ҸǵʲôҺԼȴǾĶ飬ܻΪһ̸˵
Ц˵˵ǲʲô˵ȴͬǾĶ飬ͬ־ĲлˣҪлǾӦңͽͬ־һҪҸһҸлˡ
ãܰҲһҪҸĵף
˵Ѽ飬ԽΪԼİΣԿܸжһ;ⱲӶҪúúԽһ𣬰ϱ
εҲĶҲĺãνĺӲŽʼһúõĻţüΪģҲüΪί
Խǰˣûд죬ֻǽ˼˶ַںܰҲУҸ۵ЦݣںܰҲս˶Է֡
ܰܰԺʲô㣿ϲƻȥ·ϣܰ
ܰϴһ˿ɬûֻҪܺһС
ܰܰس𣿡֣ʡ
ܰͷġ
ûĸ֪಻سǵģҲһ
ܻسܸ˰ɣʱ䣬Ҫسʱˡ
ܰ˵һȥҾ͸ˡ
һ˻ȥأ̽ʡ
ܰϵЦ⵭ȥҾ㡣
ɵ
ڼˣס֣ܰܰӦңܻسǣȻȥ
أܰʡ
˵취Ҳȥġ
㲻ȥҲȥһҲҪһء
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˰ġܰΪ뷨С˵ҪС
ڼ˼˽˵û˼ǵС˻᲻һ¡
ȥԼҰһ£ܰûԭһУܰ˵Ǻ£ȻسˣһҪ취ܰȰسȥʵ̫ˣܰܿࡣ
ڣ˵Ҳлسǵˡһ߰Žʳһ˵Ϣ
ڵͷ˵ˣǺ£ô꣬Իسˡ
ֻܻȥҲֻӼʮ֪ءԴܻȥĶǼģҰѱ˵ҴˣûϷˡ
ЦŰɶ𣿡
ѵܡ̾Ϣ
ﲻæܻسǣ׳ɷֲûز˳ǣ֪Ҫãٰȥһ붼ûˡ
һܻȥڲ˾Ǿ˼׵ľͬ˲ͬ
ڶеĶɺͺ»ϲһֱûͱǲ㴰ֽλȥˣɺͺӦþûˣֲɢһˡ
ǰʱдʱѣûʲôоһѲֹ֪Ǽѣʵ̫ˡ
سˣ죬ȥ
պ󣬻سǵˣ֪ǶַˣȺίȥ
ڣҲȥɡ˵
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ʮĽļЦ˵ţýʵߴ֡
ܰͷû
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Ӧʲôˣ˼Դһһʡ
ںܰһЦս˶Է֣ͬ˵Ǹܡ
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˼Դͷһ̧ۼʮָ۵Զˣ˵ӰԼĸĸ뱲ˣߵﶼ֣¶Է߶Ƶġ
˼ԴһѧңƷдԷڹʲôһػİ飬Ƿֱҵĸĸҵ尢̡
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Ŀǰ˵ˣλҲδˬ뿪, 㲻ûһʱЪ˼
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ʵһԸ粻ֱ֮, ˭а㲻ʹ, ǲҲҪѲƤ
Щʵ۶ֵ, ĹԱĪðһ˿, ½һ, Ǽֱˡ
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һգԱǼʶ˻ʵһ档
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ڻָʶ󣬻δյĹںԭļ䣬Բ֪Ǹʲôִֻ֪˹Ŵϵͳòƴ˻ʵۡ
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77бʵ2

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ǻˡع˱ĵذϣūߵϡ
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ڼǰҪ񣬡ء
ϲҪ檸Ⱦ纮ִȾϡĲӣȻͶȥһæȥĲ¹˵ϣߵͷ񣬡ߵϡ
ԭļУòˣɽ񿴵ƣ㲣һǱȴ͸һɾǿͰ
ˣԼļֺ;ǿ뱣Լһ˿ϣŮһһľͺٻͷ
ھѶȱлҪ̾˿ɣҲһܽɵġ
޲ߣо˵أȻˣͺúϢˡڵûһ˿飬˵գת뿪
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ǡǣūȥⰭϵۡǸһĺⶼɢˡ
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ڿϵһۣˡ
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߻أ˸ң͵Ƶĸ㣬һ׻ġ
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ǻԸѡҹ±ūơЦ
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ǵЦ⻡졣
Ժգò˫ȫ־ڶߵλݣлúλɵǡ÷
˼˵ûҪмҪŻвŻҪòòҪŮˣʸһ֮ĸȻͷ꾫ɫʾ˵Ļɫûǿĸ嵱ɽֻƾŻϵĶ裬᳤á
סȭͷԼеģҪһ
֪˻ϵʹͣʮֲʣλһߣͬʱ˶ϣƾʲôһ˶ʥ裿ѵʺ
ҲҪǳһλʺ󣬱ԼС
󹬵ڲᣬʱʱѲǵĻյøֻǰȴ˶乬Ҫ֤ƵİΣˣôôġ
һʱɲˣڵĽҪͷҪôɸһɳȻ
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˼һҹ˾ȹƻһչũҵɳľ״ڶù㹻ʵֵУѡ˲ţù˿á
߷һ֮ҪⶳҲһܳɣһһ
ϸһ˸ߣ޳˹
лҪ˵һ£μǸָµİ񵥣Ŭһ죬ֻô࣬ͷʹѣˣһɣŴĹʵ̫дˣӡ

78бʵ3

ڳȥ½, ½ûס¼ҡ
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˵, ½·˳ȥʩҩˡ
װɸҹӸģߺͼڳⲻԶһСҵ½򸾡
½Ѿ֮, Ҳʮֻһŵ, не˶˳ٶɷʳʩҩġ
Ǻ, Ĺ, ô̹, ½򸾲ηϺ, һЦĽʳҩķŸ
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½һΪΪŹ֮ԭȻһԲϾҪ˼ҵͷǸ
ȥɣ䣬ȥغŴ˺
½һǧлİպҪȥֻ࣬һתͿڴվڲԶһͨ죬󾪣ǰߵ
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½΢㶣ʵ΢У֪ݣͷ캮ضģôˣ
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ɨǱһʣǣ
ٰİле͸ЩҲôҳԿȺʳ½˵ʮޡ
׻˵ձ¼Ȼˣ⸻Ҳ˲ٲƸ˶ɢˣ¼ܹʮˣֻҪִŵĻӻˡ
ֻ½һΪ٣ְҵܺʱεǺݣΪ£ŽеǮóİգҲǼӵΪˡ
ڵͷʣҩǣ
ķӣϺЩҩԤ纮ǿơ½ص
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롣½Ǳ߿һۣŽڽӡ
·ͿˣʵԾһ˾ȻǺӹ˳̰ˡ
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סƾɵķһƼݣŵ죬ûУûһ˿¶ȣӶ۴ޣɪţһ;оԼҪ졣
Щþڵͬ۵һһ¸һʹôңʵףԭµˣ;ðٲȥ
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79бʵ4

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¼ڲʱĶ̰˼䣬ׯʮǮׯ鱦ֻʮܻʼʹͣǼǡ
һߵͷһߵλΪһ֮ĸֻʮźĹˣδһڷеĲ¼Ҿ͸˵ˣԪϣһʱҲԸ֮һĲƲ
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ƿȥһӺڰҹըһͷ׵̻
̻𣬺̻𡣡Ｄһ䡣
գգ۵˲䣬Ӻڰгҹգž̻񻨶һһʢʧʢ˷ܶյ쳣ÿˡ
ϲ̻֪顣
ǿ̻Ҳǵһο׳ۺÿ̻̻ͷѤãԶݲֹһ㣬к𺳡
ϲ̻ϲҹһ˲ŵԵޱȡ
ڻǲ۵Ļʱ;ȥ̻ľ̻ݵģ̻ŵһӶãΪɹŮˡ
һн
ϻʵۺûиŹ̻û̻ҲԸȥ̻û̻ʲôأ
ֻû뵽Ľ죬̻𣬻ٸһʷǰ
ƶԲ޴ˣò¼ңǰ˺㣬ڸˣ޻һûʵۣɷϣٸһλ𣿡תסһ
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ջָڰƽ֮ʱǰʱ󣬽ںƵĲӶЩʹˣջߣ춼ûг
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ףѵŮù𣿡Ʒʡ
½ͷãƶѾϣԹҲˡ
ƾָϣΪһ֮ȷȷʵ㹻ˣҲûĸʵϣǲʹ죬֮ˣٳ¿ʼʧ
֪еĿʹҲ㣬ϧ㣬ƶҪ֪һ֮ĸϼ縺ĸµΣڸλų˲ķ⣬͵óܳ˲ʹ
ҪǰĻϣΪһȰ㣬ڻˣûʵۣҪǵİ
Ϊ֪壬ԹѪΪҲԹ޹ΪѡΪãǲ֪裬ԸΪǰڰɹǲðˮ֮С
һܻ£ٳ裬ޣǲһ֮ʧڲˡ
¼ٴ֣֮ΪҲԹ޻ڣֻҪɹܳ棬ܹϺӣƶڴǰһ֮貢Ҫ
ף㲻˵ˣŮ֪ôˡƴϸ׵Ļ
ڸǰľԼرСŹţڲˣ˵öԣڼҹǰ˵ʧĲҪĲǽڣɹĻʵۡ
ھǰʼΪԼױ
¼ҽƻعһ¼ұʢװվԺһ΢Ц
ڰ˿Цǰס֣ʺع
лҪ˵ڣڸ㶨ˣŮ£ԺǧҪŮˡ

80бʵ5

ͣ˵ǰ, ƱԲ˳ϵĺ̺һֱ쵽ǵ, ̺վٹٺ, һ֣˽Թӭʮׯ¡
ƾ÷·ֻص˽ڵǻ, ͽЯֶУһٹĵϵۺ֮λܳߵ, أΨһܵȫɳڽߵˡ
ʱ, ԭΪ˷ǣȴһθֻܵһ˵ٹ⡣
ζӳ¡
ЯƵһһ߽ǵ, վǰ, ֮ɴ󳼵֮͵ܼ, ޱȼ, ޽չ黹ӡ, в֮񣬷ΪɹĻʺĸ¡
ʥ, , ʺǧǧǧǧꡣ
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ֻǴԴһɻѾ½Ϊû֮س
Яɻ˺󹬣鳯¡
ڵҳ˲Ųãÿÿ֮ʱ˿á
˿ã
ѵǷ
⣬һοƾٿԣǰѡ˲ţ¾ͽȫȨ𡣡
ּ񲿵ĹԱԳּ
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Ϊʹҳ޾˾רŲ˹Աʧְְ̰ܻ֮ڿߡ
ó˾λɣִˡ첢´ˣ¶ˣХˣдˣ֮ˡ
ڵλ䶼ǸŹ֮˳˾ලйԱֱ޶ԽӣκֱӱޣؾκβԱ
ֵĽԳйأлأȶʶϹᣬѡ
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ڴ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҳ⡣
ƻع˻̯ӣܶҪ٣ǴԡͻĲһ¾еæģ˵гдϽ̰īǮֱæȿˮʱ䶼ûˡ
йͥ˾æ˰²㽫еĲһһ˿ⷿǼᣬˣæ˰²˽˴¡
һҲûţԶ˿ƾ֮£ѡʵѧ˲ţԹְ
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ȷʵ۾Щʹͷ˲ϣ۾ѾˣĻҪҩ
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⡭ЩΪѣϿرÿհʱûʺҩﲻôУ
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ڶҩ£ҨҨ֭ƶҪԹԺҩӵá
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ðɡ۰Ͱ͵ĿĹЭˡ
ЦЦһԣҩһһ׵ιĸǵҩ֭һҩȾСǲǲˣ
öˡЦۡ
ڳ谮ͷҹˣЪϢɡ
ϴ󣬽˴ϣڽ§ڻУķ㣬˯ɣջҪ
š֪ڽдĶÿкܶ೯Ҫ࣬ǹԹӦ£ﶯ˶˸ʵƣۡ
һǶӵߣȴʲôҲûʱƻЩϰ§˯ʱ䳤ˣĻȻʲôҲȴġ
˶ȵĺǹЦ⣬һжļƻһһĽţ¾õӣҲ֮ġ
޵˸ǷҲȥ˯ˣкǸˣǿྡˣֻҪӾˡ
йܰƽǾͲƽˣƻع󣬽ھûȥ˵Ĺ󹬱¶մйר裬ģ
رûлǰΪ˲ͬýϲϺλģ˭֪ɱ˸ǹĺλĶ裬һ£ҪԼˡ
뵽һӶҪһһԶȹҹŤѿλģõҲһУԴУҪһС
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ԽԽߣԽԽԼĻʺ˾ҪΪԼδһѡ
գ뿪йȥϳʱƵĶͷ˯˳һš
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Ͷ˸ţڹŮ밲ˣƱȥȥǰܺǵ밲
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лһһ
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һһ䣬ҲģŲ裬
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Ʒ²յʣĽǣ
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⻰ŵмζء뿪Ц֪ĻΪǳԲѲ˵ᡣ
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ΣʺֵʧƣֻҪʺڣǾûٵʥ裬ѻʺҲΪزһλᡣ
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޵ȲˡԴŴ
кһһ̻ըɢķҧҧͷǿ׳š
лҪ˵ˣŶǺǺǡ

81бʵ6

ϲ, ϲϣʺϲˡ̫ҽһЦ
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ϵǻأǵһϲ, Ϊ̫ҽҲǸˡ
ϵĽվЦ, ̫, ʺϲˣҲкˡ
ϲ, ϲʺﻶϲĴһ˹غϲ
Ц, ͡
лϡ
̫ҽ, ȫȨʺ̥, ɳκβ, ǣһҪúźʺ, ޾ġ
ū澣ּ
˶ȥæµ, סƵ֣谮ʺкˡ
, ⲻΰɣƻϲЩû񣬴㶵ʡ
ڽ˽ֵûУʵһУҪĸˡ
֪ΪΣԭڶ࣬ȴһ˵ãֱԭûкΪԭ⣬̫ҽû⣬ԭϢЩ
ÿն˶ˮ߲˹Ϲ֤˯ߣãŬ˿ʱ䣬ʺ˺Ϣ
£ԭûõԭһԭ̰ͼܣʳϺͷûнƣԭɱ¾̫أͽ䡣
ʲôԭڶҪˣУɳˡ
ϣӵڳ檵ĸΪγһоҲûУƹڽźӣ̫ҽѴǿջϲһ
ЦŹһ̵ͦıǼ⣬ڵģ̫СоᶯʱܸоˣİɣӺúõ㸹УҲƽĳ
𣿡ƽ̹СЩ̤ʵ
ڼ˽ţӰ쵽̥ɳŻҪЩɢעʵƶǵǰ˵𣿡
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ԼУæ˲ӣѾûôˡ
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ůͣǺƽ޻Ƭ̿
½Цŵͷǡ
Ц˶һּۣʺͽĻްȫŸգѫԱ̽Բá
ϳּ½ȭּ
ߵ½ǰʦѾ޽Σڰյ±õ˽ʦ԰Ļسˡ
ּ
糯ڸ˵ĳٹٵϲҪڰشȻţҳֳ˵عϺ޻˰յ±⣬á
ϲϣϲϣʥҳ֮֮ٹٹذݺء
ٵڶϲ±ֳعϺ޻֮ˣһ벻Ǻ˴󹦡
Ȳ֪ϸ֮
ʵԱǻ治֪˭ֻ֪һȺׯڰʽһŬֱֳ֮
عǶѾˣǺóԼˣ޻䲻ãҲװһţů㣬ˡ
Ҳֳ޻͵ع֮ˣһֱûܴջʵ۹ǶڴѣǺηʥȻֳ¶û֮
һЦ⣬ѾڵȺߣλ´֮ɡ
ǣϡЦӦ£˸˽
̫ʦٹٿ½°ͶҪˡ
½һ̫ʦٷ߽񣬡ϳ½μϡ
ƽ˵˴½Űֳ˵عϺ޻Ϊ´󹦣޸м֣ҪٸԭְٷΪү书͡
л϶䡣½Ĺл
ٹһ˲صʥ¹ٵȹӭس
Ϸ˸ΪϢ⡣
Цúϲ£죬ǵģ糯ϲֹүٸԭְ֮λǷ⼫ˡ
ü۶ϲɫϹûƭңø׷ˡ
޵Ȼƭƶʱڽˡ
æĲȴڿһסˣͬ㽲ٴˣ㻳в񡣡
ô˸׺֮λƿʡ
ڵⶼʦӦõģʦ˴Ϊ˹֮ͣλ޶÷ˡ
˹ˣз磬Ҹˣ֮껹ٰܷݾҫƵ
סֵģΪ¼ҳûзҴ¼ҡ
лϡ§סҸ͸ж
꣬
ϣ˸СӡűһСӤһЦ
ڴǰ˺һۣЦŽȥˣƶˣﲻģ
ûУ檺õúܣ⺢Т˳ûʲôƾ񻹲ЦŻص
ڷӹĸСӣΪ˸ּΪ̫ӣٸ¡
Ƹжѡ
̫ӽ˸ɣ̫ʦ½Խ̵½ٴγΪ̫̫¼֮ʢܼ
䣬ϵͳռ乺Ӻ͸߲ĵӣռҼһǮ˷ʳӣڻָǰĸ˰ҲʮֳӯڽڵŬ£Ҳǰδе
һ꣬ɳڶλӣڴӣڶ֮գź󹬽еλּˣ˺󣬺󹬳ʺ⣬ɣҲδˡ
ɳ½еһһƶȣΪһμѻ
꣬ɹܱ֮ɹ¶ûеԸţƥͱںܴ󷽵İӺֲ֮ڹţƥͱѵǿ̶ʱ䣬ɹͳʵǿĹҡ
Ϊԭ𣬽ѵصıǸɳԪɱսվͽԪɱ˸Ƭײ棬ԪĹǽϲɹӡ
ǿʵ֮ɥԷ䱦ǮƥԸɳ׳Ƴ
ڴ˷һΪԭɹ𣬶Ҳ֪ɳʵΣҲ£ЩҪɳĹҵ˼
ñɹʵҲӹɣڹĿĴɣں⡣
ؾ֮ʱ֪Ʋһλڻϲּ֣ʿԺþƺ
ವһһҹգžҹըʢһͷ׵̻
ĸǶˡСĸ׵֣ıָյ̻𺰵
Цŵͷǰ
ʺλأСԴѰš
Ӱҹɫ߳
ԭǸʺͻڷ̻𡣡Ц
̫ӽ˸üڣССѾһϳɵģߵǰһЩ̻𣬡ߣִȥ̻𡣡
Ҳһȥ𣿡ӹ̻תͷʽӡ
ӵͷȻ
ֵܽҹɫС
һžıըҹٴγʵ̻
§סƣվҹɫ¹ۿ
ڽůĻУǰϲĲ̻𣬲ԶʱʱǵЦǰδеҸ㡣
ʱ󣬳ɳʱĸǣ׺Ҹۣ𣻶ʵʿ尾꣬ʱ乬£䡣
˴䣬ȴӭҸڵȣǰЩҸ㲻ʲô
ĸ󣬺Ͷһȥ̻ɡʱȹܹܽҹɫ
ƺͺһ̻Цö
ԶԶֵܰһĻǹõЦ
ϲ񡣡ϵͳʾǵЦŨ
Զڳ֣ʣһ̻𡣡
áЦ˹ȥ
лҪ˵дһˣ¸дִɣִұȽϲִĹ¡

82Ӱ1

˵ĸ, ڻ۾ǾиԻĸߵװ, ɫϵĸ, ޴ԳԹƧԸ
ڴӴ˱һڹⴰ, һ˲ս̵ۣܵ˫ֳڴ, ˵ľɫ˿, ãִִˡ
ڼ, Ǳ˿ڵġ°˿
һ߽Ϣһߴ, Ѱȥ
ͨһ¥¥, һ¥Ǽܰɫǰٵ, һŮ, ʮңһͷβԺ򱳶¥, ĳ, Ӱʮ㡣
ŮʮԣβĶذڶһһĻ, ÿˡ
÷ǳϸ׾ָУˡ
ڲûдܵĿ¥ݷϤӡ
ĺϤǧ飬ȴûһе𺳣ܿƵıУÿһ飬У԰Ρ
Ůָһŵ˫ۣⳡʱĵ࣬СĸǺ٣ָĸ͸ϲܿʵǾӵһܰĸٵģܵһιһѾˡ
¥ҵһܶӵоѾľˣܳӵС
Ȼܵת¥ϿȥȴԭӦ˯¥ҵ˾Ȼվ¥ϣųڣ
ʲôʱģվ˶ˣ֪͵ĸˣһĵһ죬͸Ǽܸ٣̲סˣʵ̫ϲܸˣζӵһܸ٣ס⼸£ÿ춼ڻܵһŻžͳִ
磬ڻ˯ͱ˽Ϊ͵͵һ֣ᷢһͣˣȻһӣѽڸˡ
ڱŮʵǡʱҲеϢٿŮʱоͶ˷ϧܿ죬ѹ£ɫƽȥ
ԡԲҲǹΥĻֻǡѦ뿪λ˺˼ͷͣȴҲκο˵ԷĽڣ޴
ڵûϵ
֣Ӿ޴Ļ޴нȳȴֵ𾪵УûйΥĸԶ˸٣
ʲôһһ߳ߡ
Ѧɹתע첽ȥ˵棬㻹ûҾڹˣȥʢ
ڲǰųæµӰüȾϧ
ѦŮˣһΪ˵³ҵŮ
ԭȦ켫һʱӰۣƾ˧˵տݼʲôʲôȦһʱӵޱȾ޴ķ˿ݣ΢Ů˿ʾϹ
ѦǾưɵһפ֣ǰԭȥưɷ飬Ѧ̨ϳ裬ɤأѣԭĸ裬ԭע
Ҷ֪ԭӰֻۣм֪ԭڽȦ֮ǰʵǸ֣ԭΪĸ׵Ĺϵĸ֣ĸ׹û֣תȦһƴ˽ĵλ
Ѧũ壬ĸųСʮƶ࣬ʮ꣬ΨһҲˣһ¶Ѧȴ˹ѧԺ빤ѧ
Ѧԭķ˿ȴΪԭϷĵúòĽԭǱԭĸ򶯵ģѵʱ̣ԭĸ֧ԭĳǰʥĴڣѧҲΪԭ
βڿԭнưԭԭһ޷ֵĹϵҲĶͺ;ˡ
ԭȻûж⹫ǵĹϵҲû˵ŮѣûԹֹ䲻ȦҲ֪Щŵ˵е·˿ģӶҹݣôܱԭķ˿Ͽɣ
ԭȥӦõģΪԼӰ쵽ԭǰ;
ԭҲδΪĸһģʸйˣϰķˣ㽫˼һӰˡ
úԭѦͬѧǧгĺǧѦǴѧͬѧֻѦѧ뿪ѧУȴѧУУҵԴһ׸ȦӴΪһ˸֡
ãʳڣҲˣųһ׸裬Ѿ˲Сͷ˿
ԭһεӽĿʶԭȥǸѡεĽĿѡͬĸ򶯣Ϊ֣ãҽϣðЦԭһԺõĺŮԭеİ¹⣬ϧԼǰʱԴ·
ԭԼĵӰ͵гƬͷƬβɤŴζõԭ˿ϲ
ԭİ£عԽԽĽ뵽ڵУƾ輸׳ɫĸʣΪϱŮ֣˫ա
ֺԭѦԸ̫ȤѦѦңûúѦһлɤӣҲ˸裬Ϊ棬ֻܿŰ˵Ϊȴεѣ˲ȶָֻڼзѵš
ȴһ˳˳ˮʢ߳ʣΪȫŮǣ̳
ֻΪ·ԭûеõκλرֻǺԼ˼λᣬ˼ţֶûɹֱ׵ľܾԭ˵ֻǰԭɸ磬ת֪иǣͬΪ̳Ȧ̫ү֣ͽˡ
֮Ʋԭ˺š
֣һһŮΪѵģޣ޶ǿǿ֣ͥ˫գ˼¡
ԭѦһ³ңһƺ˳ײˣʱĳѳΥƷҲѪҺвΥƷĳɷ֡
عԭ󾡻٣ˮϯѣɱ󻹱˼ʮǲĺ֮꣬ǰܲʹһƾɵ
ʱѦˣԼѴĻչʣ಻ʱգܵһ˿ůꡯˡ
ԭѦĺ£ʳ
ԭƮڰգѦĹǻ̳ڽᣬɳƵɤЩ裬ԭˣԭĽѦдġ
͵ѦĴѦɤӺ
ԣϣӵҸܵӦõĳͷԭ˵仰˳㶯˵ŮһۣƮϵͳռ䡣
ԭѻûֵϣ񡣡
ڳԭ֮У쳣أһٴ̧ͷʱƽģ
ˡѦһ߳ǰϿζ𣿡
ͽһӣʵѾ˽Ŀζˣǲĵһ䣬ףֺͳһǴˣڽǰָʲôسֻгһ׮ˡ
ڶȤѾ࣬Ϊһֺ÷ˣΨһڽߵĳˣҲܳ
ӳһڣͷ
ϲͺáѦЦˡ
ŮúƯݣƤ׾Ͼ£ЦǷų鶯ɰֻСƶĻ³ԸЩԱƣԺЦƽʱҲ˵ǶԷ죬һĸо
ڿ鶯Цݣԭ龰ԭھưɺȾƣ̨Ѧĸɾ飬ȵĻ񣬶˼ˣú飬ɢһ˵ԭע⡣
룬ֻڳʱѦǻģ鶯ģΪֶˣꡣ
ֻǺԭͲѦȥưɳˣڼҴţȫĵĵ꣬ȴѦǵʱˡ
ˣԭ֮꣬·ϷⷢΪĿĽ㡣
ЦܺÿӦöЦЦӵʱ˵
Ѧɬȸϲ޴ľ˾½ǣͷһ
һ߳һ𣿡
ԹˡѦЦŻء
˵ЦÿԺᾭЦġ
ڵͷ硣
ԡ
ǰŵʱѦϰЩҲһֱû䣬û£ڲһֻҪûµʱͻ˯
û˵ĳղ˲죬һţ̵˹̧ͷһ˫˵˫˫ˮǳһ㣬һӹţ˵лл
Ѧҡҡͷʾⲻлʰȥϴ
ںţ̣ҪֻһǶѶóֻ򿪶ѶѶ˲ǱˣѶݼ򵥣ûС
ʱ򣬽ѾʶԭߣҪȥǰʱύ
Ľڲԭٴ·ָڰϰ˼£һѶ
һߣֲʧʵŮֻ죬˵Ǵ̵ֻһѶϵЦʧˣѶʱ£˵
ֻˤϣղѣ˵˽մȥֽǰô˵Ծͱˣ
Գ𣿡С˽
ָɫ˵ոպͽͨ˵绰˵Ҫ£ȥˡ
СųԾԼ𣿡
һģ˵Ӱۣͨܶ࣬һʱŲʱҲҲż͵ȵȰɡ
˵Ҳǣôæϳճȥ÷ѾѵˣȵʲôģС뵽ʲôʣ´Լʲôʱ𣿡
ûС
ŶǾԼʱɣ
š
СߺϵĴȵʧһõ룬Ϊʲôӣ
ѦϴڻɳϣЩ֣첻Ҫôûߣ
㡣ڵ
Ѧȣȡң
ţȥ·Ҵȥط˵ֲһ䣬ȹӰɣϲŵŮ
˭
ѦһɻҲҶʣŶһ㶵Ļط·ˡ
ʱѦ¥ˣڵĻȹӣֻνȹӲTţжȹǿȹ֣ΪԻװ硣
ڿһۣЩΡ
Ѧɫԣ͵Ľͣҡֻһһȹӡ
Ҳ˵ʲô˵ˣ߰ɡ
ŶѦæȥ
ѦںıķϣųӿԽԽƫԶˣ²׼ҪȥģҲʣֻź澲ڽࡣ
ԭʮⵥƴЩӸλԸЩ°ԴƧ˵ʱ̸Įʮ㣬ѹߵ˲׳
ķ˾Сԣԣ˳СԣСڿųСʱʱӺӾпһۺаƹ֣˵Сȥ÷ôѦ
ѦȷʵҲòãԸҲȤЩʲôɫŮûôῴѦһƺ«
ѦǸǿˣãԸÿʣѾСˣҪѡһѡ
ֱͣĿĵأСҲûͨ£ҲȥˣúҪϾ˭Դڽµģúúϧ֮׵Ļᡣ
ǣѦ˳ǰĴ¥Щˡ
ǰĴ¥Ǳĵطǻֹ˾÷Ļ޹˾
÷Ļ޹˾Żٳĸ֣µĴĴУоǳ÷ϣ÷ϵϰ岻ǱˣŶ֪ȱΪִʼ˵÷
÷ֻǸС֣ƾʵѧ֪ȣһһ˶ʮʱ䣬˽ĳɾͺ͵λ츳ְߣֻҪĸ֣һܴ
ȸҲͿ̣۹ǳһ㼫ۣҪûˢӾͲҪȥǰΣԸŹ֣㲻ûһٺӰ쵽質ġ
ˣҪǹϵرõˣ츳رߵĸ֣һ˶÷ǰ죬ֲָܵõʲôá
ھȻ÷ϣѦΪԼΣЩԼ۾
˵÷ѡˣҪһʹԡ
ɵ㶵վʲô߰ɣٵˣϲʱˡڼûӦִߡ
Ѧھ޴ľϲУһʱûھȻ֣ɵ㶵ı÷ϣһ䷿⡣
ڷſ˵һ£Ƚȥк
šѦ㶵ͷ
ڿһۣǹЦŽ˷䡣
һ칫ңŵĶйصĶһʮŮűˮվڴǰĺţתͷȥԼȵ˺¶ЦСҵʮһӣҲҲĵȣ㿴ҵȲȡ
÷ְҵװһͷɾĶ̷һ֪Ůǿ˴磬ʮƯ͵ģǸɾͿͣ϶˷ݳŮ˵ζȶ󷽡
Բ÷㣬õˡǰǸ˵
÷̾ϢôЩ꣬ˣôǻת𣿡
лҪ˵ôôգǡ

83Ӱ2

Բ÷, ιҪġ˵
÷йʱȥһϧ˵Ǹ, ǿϧˡ
÷⻰˵ˡڷ
÷⿴, ţ
Ҳַֹ츳ϷҲһ裬Ҹȥ, ҲǸҵšһֲڿ㶵һ˵
÷Цˣе˸һɢ, Ϊ˵ѽôȥˣԸһû䡣
˵ʵһ˵Ҫǲ, ԺԲż뷹ʱҾȥ㿴
÷æЦ˵ţҵȻ, Ҫǲ, Ҳô˵, 㡣
лл÷㡣, ԭϵл
ԭǸ޹, ڱԲϵ꣬ʮͣһǵ, Ҵ, չ˵ʱٰһѡ˵ĽĿıѣϾɷ׵·̨ϳһԼĸ衣
ʱ, ȫѡһ鿴޲ȥԽԶԽãֻ÷ͷβ׹Ǻĸ裬Ͽ˷Եǩ
˶˵÷ˣǩԭһ񾭲ԺܳˣķչҲһǳ÷һ·ָ֧ͦѣⷢɹп˵
û÷ûԭеĳɾͣĸף÷ԭΨһľмڰ·ϵһ·ƣԭǧ÷Ĳ֣֪֮ͬ죬Ķ飬ԭǡ
ֻǺԭ֮·תȦһԱж÷˸мΣԲ÷ϸĺˮϣҲ÷һģû취ĸ׵ԭ̫˺޷֮·ϼȥֻ÷ˡ
һҲϣ÷һ츳˹ֲĿǷ
ֻԭû뵽ǰŮŻ֮ģɹ÷ҲûܶĶ֣ɾֹ˾Լ˵÷оˣ÷ѣܲ˴ˣա
ʱԭѾ÷δ飬޶Ů޹ʣѦչ÷Ĳʹʱ⣬Ѧԭչ˵÷֪÷ԭ֪֮
ǣǸ͵ŮˣΪĿĲֶΣֱûеߺ͵¿ԡ
ˣЩݣ
÷ǰһִļϣл񿴵Լһ˵ڰ㣬ʵҲΪֲеź
һŻȴϿɣ񾭲֮·ڿ̽ײײˣҪλ֣ĳɾͣ
뵽Ǹˣ÷е쳣ᣬҲ͵Ц⡣
÷㣬ˣɤܶأҲ㿴ɲķۡתص
÷ЩԾôˣ㻹ǵһθҴҵҪ˭ķ۲ǡ
ʧЦ
÷Цʣģ
棬ѯʡ
÷˵ɣȥѡңȻˣͬһѡˡ
áڴ󷽵Ӧˡ
߳䣬ԵȵЩżѦ˵÷Ӧ㣬ȥѡϣȻŽ֣úñ֣סᡣ
ԭͬǸһλᣬסˣõ÷ϿɣҲѦһλᣬѦʧ
Ѧĵͷһġ
ѡңѡøһ䣬ѡϢǰѡ֣ʱű򿪣뿴ȥ÷ˣ׷÷㡣
Ȧ˶÷Ϊһ÷㡣
ҺãҴһλµѡ÷Цųҽˡ
˿󣬼ǽڣԳһ
Ȧ֮Ӱ۽ڰһһᡣ
÷Ӵ󣬾ȻѽӰ۶ˡ
ǾͲ֪˰ɣ÷ͽǾʶ
ԭˣԭˡ
ںʹҴ˸к÷
÷ʴңеʲô̶ˣ
Ѿˣ֮һҡһ˻ء
÷ͷһԵŮܲģ˵Ǿͼɡ
ԱʣµĲùַѡǡ
Ѧ
ڵȺҵȴѦ֣վ֣ڡ
ҹ׼ϵˡ
ѦϽŹԱˡ
ѡſڣԱλӽŮЦ˵ȥɣúñݡ
֪÷ǹʮϸĹ˾Ѧܲӽк̨ģҺ̨Ӳ
ллѦмлһŬƽŽŵѦܽţǺò׵ĻᣬһҪס͵ھưפˣƽһݳƽ
ţƽ飬΢ЦŶ롣
ѡҺܴһλѡѡǰǸ򵥵̨Ÿ˷磬ȴʮࡣ
ѦǿѹµĽֿʼðͷ
ʱѡ̨ǰŵĽڸͶһɢĽš
Ҫúñ֣ýʧҲҪòҪĻᣬҪǰղˣֵûصưפ
սȭͷԼѦҪǲһھưӹӹµµһͺúõķӡ
˼ſȭͷƽȵ̨ȶ˷ԼλѡʦãҽѦʮ꣬ҴĲǡɴлл
÷ѯʵĿڣڳ˵ͷ÷֪λѦĹǽڴˣƵѦϣõǲҲֻǲ֪ʲôģܶ˵ͳǲһġ
ͻȻ÷Ժиֳ黭棬ЩǰŮйأ˱ۣʧˣǰŮİģΪԼ˻þ
ǳѡûаֻ࣬ѡԼᳪѡһԼࡣ
Ѧȴûʹվ˷ǰᳪīˮһ໨ֺϼؼҡ
һɤȫѡסˣɤɾ飬ȵĻһѣ׸質þȻԭ
˴磬ǵһ˶òѡֱ֣ӣ
Ѿ裬֪ɤأ׸ʱЩû뵽ĸҲ˺ãĿ࿴ˡ
÷ڵʱѾЦڹȻ۹Ѧȷʵܲѹ
ﳪ費ǳ˸е⾳У˲ɵóУȾ˵һΨİһ㡣
ĳܺãϸҲúܺãֽƿصôãʮѵá
ͻȻǰֹĻָˣλûǰô飬㲵Ůɳɤʦιҩ裬һĻĻŵӰһطš
÷𺳲ѣæ۾ʧˣٴ۾ŮЩֳ֣˷Σ֪ⲻǻþ
ΪʲôһѦŮͻḡЩƺǰĹѵϱͺѦʶˣ
ֻϱԼѦΪʲôôң
еɽˮжұһһ֪ǸһƬݣ´ϣ»һЦԵˡѦĳһ䣬˫ЦųλѡϹҳˣллҡ
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, ӽ빫˾ֹԼʰ뿪ɡ
ѵĿǰһ÷, ż, ÷㣬Ϊʲô
űűץƻû, ô콫˾ΪʲôҪֹԼ
ο˲أչ˾涨, 㲻ܼڹ˾÷ޱ˵
⣬οҶ˵, һõ˱
ǹ˾˲ֹ˲գƷ, , ΪҲ֪ڱʹűȥ鷳𣿡÷Ļ, ֱ˵˵
ͷһ, һ, ˵ҡûС
׶ۿģڽߵϡ÷ĽƱ硣
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ʱܸû, ÷Ƕ͵͵
÷޻˵֣ʰ뿪, ǹ˾Ҫֵһױһ׵ˣֻҪ̤̤ʵʵֵ˲š
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ҪߣҲҪѦ
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87Ӱ6

׾ϸָټйɵ, һ˵ɣ, ֡
һ, ǰĺһ
ڿſϣʣܽţ
Ҫһ˿ոǵмĽ಻ԣƺʲôӰ, ûƿغá
ǽˣҲ֪ΪҪμӻֽڵıš
е㣬ҵһβμĽĿ, ûо飬̫δ֪, Ҳʧܣ÷ʧѦĵ뷨ʵ˵
߹ȥ˵, ֻҪ˵Щȥ, һ㲻ʲô, δ֪, ȫȥ, δжٷ˭Ҳ㲻׼ΪʧҲǶĵ, ʵòھ, ǰȫûġ
ԼһһܴɵĿ꣬ȫȥ, ܽΣﲻ̫
ĿͽǰʮɡѦЦ˵
нһ⣬ɶˣ˵öԣֻҪȫˣζҪǰҲʵᣬкܶʱȥѧϰŬһεʧʲô
бۿ־еͣΪ˵ǰ
ұûʲô־ҵԸܼ򵥣ܼ֣ʳǾ͹ˡѦ˵
Щ͹ˣȷ
Ŷһߴһ㡣ѦϽٲһ䡣
ʣԸΪʲôֻǴһ㣬һֱߣ
Ϊ֪֮ݣܺһѾĶͣҲԶô㣬ôС䲻㡣Ѧ˵꣬ͷ
ȴ˵ҲΪҿ֮ǣܿͻϵģʱҲҵȲ㣬㲻룬ҪԸĳҪһֱһһôá
ҲңҲܣϵӥֻһֻûнŵôһ裿Ѧҡͷ˵
һֻСȸ밿յӥȣҲûпɱԡ
˵ŬΪһֻɵúӥһߵ׷ҵĲһ鰿УΪĿĽ㣬˶Ϊҡ
ҿ𣿡Ѧŵʡ
صͷ㵱ȻԣҺ÷㶼㣬ԼȴԼһŮŵ㣬Ҳ˸ҪŶûУ㻹ʲôŵԣ
ˣһŬģŬΪһվߵˣҲҿѦܵ˹裬г
ȻĻᣬҪŬץסᣬѶݱɳãѳñһ
һߣ֣ҲںѦ˵¡
֣ʣ˾Ѿѵһ£Ҫˣġ
ģһܾܽõھѦ˵
֣ͷǾͺãι˾˴ǮͶϣֻܳɹʧܣҰǽ˲һҪҳ
Ѧʱѹˣһ˵ʦģҲʧܵġ
ǣҺãӭտʮ컪ֽڡ
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ֳڣԶԸֵͶƱ֣ʮλԱʮλѡʦ
ʽ̭÷ָ߽ɹںѡʦĴּһܷ֡
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ѦһҲЦˣǰôû뵽㣬ҵǺõˡ
϶к˵ģҪľǺúñĶõģҵġ˵⣬÷յС˵нڣʲôҲ¡
Ѧͷ
ڣǵĳһһѡ̨
һһѡѦ׼̨
÷ƱѦȹϣ˵ȥɣͣ
лл÷㡣Ѧܵ˹裬еĽź;ɥһɨգվŹԱˡ
Һã1ѡѦ
ӴһһѡֳòҲͦģ÷ϵĲѡ֣һʵ
ֵҳԡ
ͦڼҵһСãϲ
ѦһϵĵĻûͣѦ˽ϸߵӡ֡
ڵĳͣڱ¥£ֱֻѦϳȻЩŵûжģˢĻǹһȡ
ڼ￴ֱֻҲֱҶѦӡôãܲʹ졣
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¼翪õĻԱҲһĻһɽ˰ˣһ
ĻȥŴҸһѦΪĻ̫࣬ĻһȻûˣûע⵽
ðֻһߣˡ
ԼѦʼıݣȻûпڳ衣
࿪ʼôˣ
ǰɣôڴȻʣ
һһţ⡣
̫˰ɣѡֳ÷ϣš
Ľֱѵۣʵŵÿ˿ڣ
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ĸˮһ۵ӣ˵˵Ǹϵˣžһʲô£ǿˡ
˵öԡҧһڣЦ˵
÷ں̨ˣ⺢ôųҪǿ˿ڣһᱻ̭ģУۿ̭Ҫȥ
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÷Ѧ˿ڣͣɻѣΪʲôùذ࣬ûŴѵᳪ
ᳪҲУɤãѣֻҪܿڳһܽ
౻صˣ˵ɻ󲻽УѦֶ˵鷳һ«˿
«˿ᳪʱ˴«˿ˣ
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Ѧõ˺«˿Ҳû󣬿ʼıݡ
ɺܿ˿һỬƮݸɾɽȪˮһӽ˴ҵļͲͷ˽ֳ˲䰲̨ϱݵѡ֡

ۣĺ«˿
úúŶôô
ϵĵĻƮΪ󲿷˶ھֵֻȺһһˢۡ
ں÷Ѧǿ̾ͷ˿ǶѦ˽⣬ⲻˣ½˼ʱ˱ĿĿĵúܺãⲨҲܲȵҵθڣԾ˵ıң̵ӡ
òĸűܵ˵һ䡣
ݺݽֻˤϣ裬˵ʲôأ
˵ˣˡĸϽĿڡ
аôŮĶˣ
һĸ׸ˣֻһĻʲôˡ
γǮ۵ɫһܿ
УͱֽĿۡ
ûôĺ«˿Ȼ˵⻹ӦǾ仰ţ١
ߴҵļӸС

ˣһȺԲС
ӹ룬-׶ΣֳھȻۿмСѡҲһء
̫Ϊʲôޣ
ޣӡ
ҵòΪʲôôӻޣ
ҿˣء
ǱҲˢӺء
һգѦ˾Ϲллңұˡ
ֳһƬǼ޵òеĹվΪȲʣһûиʵֽŪޣŽʵ÷ϵѡֹȻͬ졣
Ҫ棬Ѧոյҵʱ䣬ȥӱֻӣӰ쵽ĳ
ҶˣһλѡֹȻıܾʣŴҺһڴҪϵǶѡ֣룡
߳˼ۣ㿪ʼڶλѡֵݳ
ȵˮѦص̨÷ǰݸһƿˮ
Ѧӹ˰ƿЦŵл
÷ʣոˣ
ûУǰѡ׸򶯲ڳںѡʱ뻻ѦǸ˵Բ÷㣬㵣ˡ
÷ҡҡͷû£ֻ´λǲҪðˣҪԼģֻҪܿڳһܽҡ
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ѦͷҪ˵ֻˣóֻһǽڴģ÷һۣߵһԽ˵绰ұˡ
ţ֪ڳϣЦ˵ⲨҸ֡
Ѧʣ㲻𣿡
ʲôܰ
Ѧ¶ЦӦûɣ
ֹ⣬϶ըˣˡ
ѦȻţΪֻϷŪᡣ
ָļһ㣬˼ˣЦԽˣȻˣȻȥôʰ㡣
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úϢһ£ȥһ˹˾Ƚ㡣
á
˵绰Ѧ߻ص÷ߣЩ˼
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һˣҪιҪ
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ÿѡʱݣʮʱ䣬ѦϢһ£ûϢϢҿѡǵݳ֪˵ʵʱʱҲһֻѵۣеһЩС
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Ϣ˼ӣеѡֳ̨ͳ־
ˣıѾˣĵĴֻڣ˵λѡ֣Ҷܽš˻Ծա
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ˣ˵ھͿʼ֡˿Ļǻعһ1ѡ־ʵıݣݵǺ«˿Ĵ࣬һ׽ҶЩ˵֡
ĻʮѦıݹ̡
ѡϯһλʦˣ1ŲѡѦʼʱǲˣԲŻ˱Ŀ
ûʣʱ㻻ӡѦʵش
ѡʦǶһۣһʣӽʲô֣˭дģ
ӽСûнŵ񡷣ԼдġѦ˵
вŻ͡
ллʦ
ʽʼڸÿλԱĴʱһӣʱ͵ȨÿλڴֵķΧһʮ֣жһӴķֶʾڴĻϡ
ʵѦı̫̣㲻طҲǵãǶٵİеĴ
ѦŵðһӺ󣬴ֹͣҲֹͣͣ458֡
ҵһλѡֵķ458֣ÿλڵĴƽ9֣ôûǵһμôߵķǵ1ѡ̵ָӡ󣬺ãѡʦĴ֡
ʮλѡÿ˴Ҳһʮ֣ܿĻʾһ85
ѡʦǵķ85֣Ϲڵǵ1ѡѦܷ543֣һܸߵķˡ
Ҷ
ѦϹллҡ
ǵڶλѡ֣һλи֣ܵ÷ֻ412֣λѡ437֣ѡֵķҲȫ500¡
Ѧ˿ˣǵһ
ѡλѡѡһ£ȻʹҵѡҪһµģ֪˴ҵѡҪеˡ
ϲǵ1ѡѦ6ѡ棬9ѡְ¶ɹ˽ǵķֱ1ѡѦ543֣6ѡ476֣ 9ѡְ¶481֣ϲλ
Ѧ桢¶߳˾Ϲл
ʮֽڵһıͽˣڴıҲٴιϲλѡ֣סǣǽټ
ѦҼסˣҵĽͣ
ѦҪȥΧע
ӽ쿪ʼѦҵŮˣŮ͡
žһĻˣֻҲˤڵϣվҪˣںѡ۾ϹôѦôߵķֵ֣ôߵķ
УҪӣԭӣҪҪѦķѦ
лҪ˵һ趨ԵЩʱ䣬ˣܱǸ
ֻǸŮ趨ŮҲˣʵ̫ˣʱҶҲд죬û䣬Ҳû䣬ȤĿٻȥ
лл֧ҶӵСɰɰСʹǣ

88Ӱ7

, ڵϿˣ㾹Ȼ÷ȥμֽˡ
ѹôûлؾưɳ, ԭ÷ϸ, Ǿ֪ôһġ
ֵúܺãھưʱ࣬һ, ͡
ллңпһȥǣõ, ټѦ˵绰һЦĿһԵĽ, Ǿưɵͬ´ġ
ھưɵʱͬ¶, ͻȻ뿪Ҳûü˵ԭ, Ҫ˵Ҳ˵, Ϊ÷ϷִǩԼҲǺ¡
ưںܶӵĵط, ɼӾҲ, в˲ţȴԭ޷ͷҪѦһһıƽ̨ͻ, Ҳгͷصһ졣
ֻֽڲͿԲμӵ, Ҫֹ˾ǩԼˣܲμӵĹ˾һЩֹͨ˾ǲܲμӵġ
÷ʵĹ˾ǸĿѡ˾, ֽһٰͽĿ÷÷ϻѡŲμӣûʲôĹ˾μӣ͵·ˡ
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ڴȤ˵Ȼǻˣ绰ûͣһһģ˶Ҫˡ
ЦңˡѦתͷʾ
Ը仯˲٣ԭڽǰСżҲװЦ˵ֻ࣬ЩСԱ
ֺ壬ҴˣС𣿡
͡ѦЦСȭͷؿϴһ¡
סؿһߵȥŵĺʹҵ߹Ƕˡ
˵ҾôĴһ£ܴ߹ǣֲгѦϴĻԡ
˳ƽסΪͷ
Ѧˣܿ;Ͷ
һ󣬽óֻΧŮС㣬Χ˿ưˡ
ʲôѦùֻһΧķ˿Ȼһ򣬶һڳ۷⣬ôһ˿ˣ
ھưɳһ˿˿죬˵һҹû˯ţҲз˿ˣ˷ܵòС
ʱһ˵Ѿܶܶˣ֪㵫Ϊϣķ˿ܸ࣬˿ԽʾϲֵԽ࣬Խмֵ
ֻû뵽ֻǲμһνĿ˿ʹﵽһʲôʣʲôٶȰ̫ˡ
ȷе˵һһǧˢһ£ֱˡ
ѦڶôһһǧҲ̫˰ɣ
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ϰ߾ͺáͷһ谮
ѦЦֻۣڽϿŷ˿ԡ
ҷ㣬Ŷ
Ůеİ¹⣬һһֱ֧ġ
ѦҺϲסûнŵ񡷣˵дģ̫ˡ
ڣҪҪظ˿ԣѦ̧ͷʣϺ˵ġ
һѽֻˣôظù𣿲ᡣ
ŶѦˢˢ˿ȥֻȴˣʣôˣ
һ࣬׼Щз˿˵
ǳԴˣ
Ѧ⣬˧˾ȻĴף
գ˵Χ²һгǧŮ˿ףҶûԴףĸģ
Ҵûлظǡһ˵
Ѧظ
ظùҲظٴǿסҲ׼ظ
ҪһСĻظˣʱ򱻺ڷץסѱǲŽ鷳
ˡѦ˵εȻӣЦ֣ٸҿ˿˶˺ò
˵׼ˣϽȥϢ
ѦĥͿһۣһҾȥϢòˣˡ
ֻһۡܵסֻˢµ΢΢㶣ֻĻٵǰ
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ѦɽӰˣЬ䣬ʱô
ϳǵʮѡλѡĻǩԼ֣ӭ
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ⲻǺ𣿡һԿ籾Ľڲ̲Ŀڡ
Ѧ˵ͷ⵹ҲǣҾãҲ㣬һķ˿ֻҪǩԼдѵĹ˾ǩ˶٣ʣĻôƢӦǩûĹ˾Ŷԡ
Ļǳһӹ˾ھ籾˸Ǻţ˵
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εֽǳͶʷǳµӹ˾ľǳ˭ӣ
㲻αĹھˣ˵ĴͱĻģǰڶһڶĹھ
תͷĽ
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Цˣ̬
ġѦƤһЦ
ڷ¾籾§УģûôڰֻҪúñĹھ˭Ҳߡ
áѦ
˲ٶ˵æģѦ裬һûĸ裬Ψɶˣĳ̨ݹҲǿһ׸꣬ӮúȲʡ
Ѧ֪ȷʵʵģǳ£ԺֵһȦ̧ͷͷֻΣٱѹˣӮ
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23֮Ѧ
ǵʮѡֵķ̫ˣ520žף˭ǵ׵ĸϽˣûˡ
ЦŻԾգùڴЦ
ҲЦֻЦⲢ۵ףҪϸܴ۵׻ŭʵôǿȻѦ˶ʮֱ֣ţѦһǸʲôСôܱߣ
αĸѹ׵ĸ裬׼ԺרʱģΪӮѦǰóѹóˣȻûܱȹѦһֱ֣û
һ߷ֵѡ֣Ҫһ˵㵸ǣȴҲ˲ûдﵽԤЧڴＫ
ôˣֳһٵѡ֣һǵǵһٵѡûǵ1ѡѦڴĵɣ
ᵽѦҪЩЦݶҲסıΪʲôҪѦǸӣⲻǲѦ
ֱˡ
ķЦˣһߡ
ôѵõһٷֵѡ֣ǣ㿴Χ˿ôǵһˡѦˢΧ˿˵
ЦЦ볬ķûܳȥһ
ԭУ쳪׸ǺרΪӮѦǰóμӳȴûܱȹѦôܲ
ŸոտʼԺʱ
һҲô⣿ֻҪܽУһ߷ֽģӦø˲ǡѦ˵
ͷҪôÿͺˡ
ۣһһǧˣѦһˢΧ˳
ҡͷҲˣ籾
ϲ㣬ɹ˿ҲһˡСŽӵЦŹϲ
һۣʲôҲû˵˳ӡ
һôѦķ˿Ѿٶˣֽһ࣬˿ǣܿͻ
ʵѦǿѦã涼ѦǿƾʲôҪһֱѦ棿
ɶոտһֱۣѦȽϵģܶ˵ѦЩ˶ϹѦͷ˿Ȳ
СžĪϲ飬ôһˣ
ڳϣӵ֣͵ĵ绰ȻڹϲмȴûѦ֤һὫѦѹȥ֣Ͳ⡣
˵绰קסֻڳŹ֮һеʱ׼һҪú׼Ѧڽ¡
תһ¹ȥĳˣνѡֻʣһˣɽֻܾҪǰʮʮֲпᡣ
Ͼǽˣǹ˾ѡֶɹϲǡ÷һЦվǰ˵
ô๫˾ֻ÷ϵѡȫ˵һȵ㡣
ѦϹл÷㡣
пᣬҶҪóʵֻҪҾǳͷˣǲҪ
Խ̬ԽҪã̫ΣֻţܵӰ쵽ӡ
ѦӦǣ÷㡣
һνĿȻһȥϢ죬ȫӦս
ǣ
βʱı˰ɣ뿪÷ЦѦ
Ѧ˼˵÷㣬ˣģ׸ܽ
仯ܴ󣬿ûٿ㡣÷Цſޡ
Ѧͷǵģڽ̻Һܶࡣ
˵ʱһ̫ⷴղסҪʵ֣ȥΣֻҪܾܽС
Ǳߣ֣Ҳ˵¡
׼ôˣ
ʦģѾ׼ˡˬ
֣͵ͷǾͺãҪסھǵռĿֻ꣬ܳɹʧܡ
Ҽסˡ
֣ŵҪ¹ھҴؼҳԷ
֣Ǻţҽ̺ϣ֣;ôҸҲӲҴŮ˻ؼңŵؼңǾҪ˼˵ϲ¡
ѣʦģھһҵġ
̫ˣϾܼˣֻҪ֣ңԺ󲻹Ȧֽ绹ʲôڣѦÿվʱٺúõĽںѦڽ¡
ˣ÷ҲһҪۡ
ѡźſʼСʮһ飬ÿһÿһˡ
Ѧ1ţǵһϳ
˵˿׺¡ؽѦһǵǵ1ѡѦɣǵһٷֵѡ֣ҲΪֹ߷֣֪εĽܱܲסĵһ߷֣ĿԴɣ
˿Ѧҵ̨ٴνԼųϹȻʼݳ
ǳԼдĸ裬дģ÷͹˾ļλʦͬ޸ģ״ָ̬ҡ
Ϊʱûڳ裬ԴҺڴȫעĿһɤȫ֮Ȼ
ҵ죬ɤøɾÿ飬Һİһ
úúôô
Ҫˣ̫ˣӡ
ҵŮȻ񼶸֣ҹȻû۴ˡ

ѵĵĻ춼ˣһȺûӡ
Ѧ꣬ȫڶվƣѵĵĻҲк
ľλѡʵҲǿѦǲһء
ܿ쵽˵һĴֻڣ߳ЦĿѦ˵ǵ1ѡѦɤǴ˵еıʹǹɤɣֱ̫ˣӦǾ仰㳪ܻС
ȫЦ
Ѧͨˡ
´½ǵѡֻǸߵĹģ̫ɰˣ˵ǲǣ
ǣ˸͡
Ѧֱ֪˵ʲôãֻܺЦţ˺зִ磬Ҳൢʱ䣬ϽùڸѦ֡
481֡˿Ļͣķһ˵ȳʱķҪߣѡһѹܴ󡣡
ѡֶͷ˵ǡ
ѡʦ֣ѡʦķ92֣573
εľȲװˣ澪ȣҵ죬Ҫ찡ʷ߷֣߷ֱסˡ
ԣѡֵķȻٷ֣ûһ˳ѦѦ˵һһܾѡ֡
ϲ1ѡѦɹܾҼס㲻αĹھϲѡעΧ˺ţףͶӴ
Ҽһǹھ
ŮѾɹռھ
Ҫȥף
֮ͣǡ
ݺݽֻҵ˵ϣϡﻩһ죬ĻֻĻһһأɶѦôߵķ֣ôȵù
лҪ˵Сɰǡ

89Ӱ8

дʲô, Ҳ˼õǰ, ҵۡһ˳ȥ, ŭȡ
ǰдʦæȥϵס
һ̲ס˵С㣬Щǰ˺üдģҲ˵ﲻ, ҪĶ֪Ӻ֡
ǰ˵˵ﲻãǺٻȥ, һȫӻǺܱġһҲ˵
ǻһ, ԼдʲôԼȥμӽ, ұ̭ǳĺҹȥǲǣ
ҾЩͦõ, ôͲȥμӽˣ
ĸҸȥǴͷ
Ǿǡ
Ǹҹ, ҲҪټ, , һʦ磬ǡָǴ
Уǹ, ǻźˡ
û, ǲźˣбҲѧѦԼд
ߣ, ߡ
дʦˡ
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÷˵֣ҲȥԥĴӦˣãֻҪ֣ȥҾȥ
÷㣬͵ǵĺϢɡ
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ȫڴҲˢˢˢ, αƵȫĿ
ЩܾѡָѪ, ͬʱȦλУĪҡ
÷ãֻҪһܼ, λ֣ȴǼѵüӰӽĴ󣬾ӰӰ󼶱Ҳδܼһ, οˡ
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ѦɭϹ, лл÷㡣
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ڽ̭, ΪֻѦԽܾ, û뵽ɭҲôЩ⡣
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ڰҶòŸոչҪǳʲôأб޻Ǻõġ
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һҺܹעĹϵ˳һȶȣһ̨ףȷʵ֣Ҫá
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ںռǱǹһĨЦԭôҲû뵽֣Զֹô򵥡
ҪԭĸʱⱾռǣҲ֪ԭ֣ҾȻԨԴԽԽȤء
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£ٰ峡ʮˣ˽ģĽһڡǡƽ֣ټһѡҪ׼׸
ѦⰵԼ׼ףҲˣǽȼ֮µٰ췽˳׼
˵Ĺʹֻ׼ףһûô죬Ҫףȥһ׸
֮أʲô趼ģֹҪӮҪӮƯ
ȱһдһ׳Σֻܳɹʧܣ
лҪ˵ҹƻҪдü죬ͦڵģ

91Ӱ10

Ҫ, 𣿡һûױʦױһ߸Ѧ绰
Ѧڻױ䣬Ѿϳ׼, Ц˵Ѿ׼ȫ, š
ʵǰ漸̫ģƽӾͺ, Ҫʵ󡣡㡣
ף˹Σе׵ġ
, е, ԽԽҷˡ
ģô, Ҫǲô㣿ѦƤ˵
Ц, ־, , ҳ칦
, չ˺Լݰݡ
绰ԼĻױʱѦĻױ, ѦһЦĴ绰, ޱת뿪ûһƿˮ, ߽ѦĻױ䡣
ѦϲܾѦǰһЦ
ѦηУ뵽˵Ļηѹ£ЦŻأҲϲ㡣
ױݺŸ⾫󷽣θ㣬ּͬľ飬øɾ鶯
ĳСѼʲôȻڲ֪ɱ˰죡
Լǰ˲䰫һأץһܣ뵽ԼĿģάűĺƣǺôͬѧһǰЩ죬ȥˣͶ˰ɣԺǻһȦ̧ͷͷģͺźã˵𣿡
ƣ⻰˵Ѧء
䲻ȵӣòУС㶼ԺˣѵӦϲ⸱Ǽ˼
ǿװЦݣˮ˹ȥǾ˵ˣ˭ҲǰǶ⻹Ǻͬѧ
ҲˮѦûнˮһԵСϼҵˮøҡ
СϼӦãӰóһ±Цŵݸ
Ѧӹ˾٣Լ˿ˮ˵Ż˼ڣǺøӵݸСϼǶպˡ
õģġСϼӹŽȻ󽫰ϡ
ǽչѦģϺ͹϶һֲٰ죬ڽڼ䣬ѦһӦöýСģԷ˸С
άֲϵЦ⣬ջȥ֣ĥǷأ
£µСˡѦһ߲Ŵױڴһ䡣
飬⻰ͶԺˣҪйԱܹ1ѡѦ׼ϳ
ˡѦӦһЦһۣСϼ뿪˻ױҡ
סеˮݶѦݡ
ƿˮ˶ѦɤӸ㻵˸裬û뵽Ѧ䱸ôǿĶ޴֡
ֳѦ˵ĸЩеˮƿƣʱѦĸͳֽ˲٣÷ǸŮһþ˼ѵѦѦôĽ
ѦҪھλˣѦԸġ
Ѧаʱ䣬ֳ˶öĸûлֱѦϹлž
ƽ̨ϵĻһһˢŶѦĿޣΧѦķ˿Ҳٵţ·ÿһ𼫴ĺ䶯
ŻͲ߳ϻδѽǵ1ѡѦÿγ趼ܸһµ͸дҶķ˿ˣŮ񣬻ٳ
ģ׼˺ܶ¸裬ϣлȫָҡѦ˵
˸˲ѣһлģǵŮô˵Բԣ
ȫ󺰣ԣ
磬ѦС㳪̫ˣÿε¸趼úƬ;ϢСֱָֻĿԽڼ˵
ڹǣҵ˵Ȼɫ
СŴ죬ˣڳˣ
ŮһˣҪ˵ˡ
Ѧصױ䣬÷Ѿ棬һȥ÷ǰһӵֵúܺá
лл÷㡣Ѧһϲá
÷˵ȫõˣɭǱ߻Ƿȱ
÷㣬㲻˵ܽǰʮͷˣɭ̬ҲܺãᾡŬȥյȻܡѦο˵
÷ʧЦңҪ⡣
÷ҲһһΪɭ룬ҡѦЦ˵
÷ͷԽϲѦģҪһŮⱲӾûʲôźˡ
ˣûԼĺӣҲǺԼϲˣҲӡ
ǵ66ѡ˵
÷Ѧ˵衣
αѦ棬ѦĶ֣ǳɽӮĻܴ÷ľѦھ˾
÷Ѧʷ㶼Ҫǿһ㣬׸Ҫǻд϶ɫ֪㷢ûУĸи㣬ɤ˸ԣʱҲһ㣬Դڣȼֳ
һ׸зиеͲܰһƽ͵ĸ質ˮƽҲڣǸˣﳤ̣ܶϳɾ
Ѧֱͷ÷˵öԣȷʵܴ
˵ڿ˸˵Ǹԣһߵø߸Զ⿿СûõģʵĻҪ򾭲κĥ
Ѧٵͷ÷㣬Ҽˡ
ʵʵһһӡ۲ߵøԶͶȡɹȻҲܳɹĥ¡
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ǵǵѦ˵
÷ͬȻǰ˾ҲúƷ̤ʵֵģ˼ɾ
˳ɭ÷ĻＤòУ治öΣֻҪ˾Ըˣ˶裬͸ӷˣɫɵĻԼĻױ䡣
ˣֽҪ̭λͷֵѡ֣ 321ѡۣ416ѡӢźλ̭
ۺӢų˾ϹȻ뿪˱ֳ
Ļطһ·ı̣ϱ˵֣ѹ֣ﶼ
̭ҪܾܽĶʵѡ֣ϣλŬ͸ǡ˸Ź˺󣬻ЦҲϲİλѡ֣ϲǡ
ٴ
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Ѧ󷽵ĵллл˵ĹһŬġ
ǵ66ѡԾ׷ᣬεķһǵڶһܼҵıǹͬڴһı
ŻͲֹǽڷף߷֣Ϊʲôò߷أΪʲôҪһֱѦѹһͷ
Ȼߵ黹ںͷһķûܳѦÿһһȻǰԾһ㶼ˣΪڵ¸ѿزãķŵ˵Ǹɭ˼֣Щͱ̭ˡ
ѦķһֱȾӵһ
ʱдĸûг죬϶ӮѦһ˵ӮѦӮڶɵðУһԴС
սӵٰ췽Ǳ֪ͨҪһȡܷΡ÷Ѧ˵
εıע̫ˣٰ췽ټһӳĿĲνǵ˴ҵθڣԸ˵ҲǺ£Ӯøıȡ
Ѧͷ÷ģҶ׼ˣҵĸ蹻á
Ǿͺãǰĺϳ䣬֮ǰֻҪٶԳһ׾ͿˣڵķȾӵһֻҪ⣬ھġ 
ܾ⼸ǣ˿ϾҪһǧˣҴôɫһȵĽڶضá
ллֲ˵ڽϵźӦңһҪ·һֱȥҪѧСӣ;ӡ
Ѧ֣ش÷ģҲġ
ɭĳɼ⣬Ȼõ˵ĺΣֻ˼֣вӰӹ˾ΪӵӰݳĹ棬ķ˿Ҳٶ򣬹˾׼صʱҲܻ
Ѧ˵ǰǱҶˡ
ǸǸ߹ˡ÷˵
ѦЦݣ̫Ҫǿˣ״̬ܲãӰ˷ӣԸ취ؾġ
ûԴڿʼ㲻ܵжʲô⣬Ҳǽر𽻴ҵ£һҪ֤İȫ
ڵ˼ǽѦ֣ȦˣҲܶ£ԽǵͷԽҪССġ
ЩʵͰˣЩСҪú÷
ٰ֪췽ҪһǸˣҲҲ취ذܾ֣һлӮˡ
óֻ֣ʹ˸绰ʱڹ˾档
˼һȥ֣ʡ
ͷʦ磬һ岻״̬ãЩµͨиֺϳ»ھʧۣ֮ʦҾͲһˣǸߣһܰӮùھ
׸дĸԼϲ˳ܷӳõЧ
˵ˣⳡչѾ𵽲˵ĳ̶ȣʦҪĻ㼴ҪݳҲ洦ʦ磬Һòã
֣ϸϸĻúеҲб׶ڣҰҪȥѡȥĻӮҲᱻ˵ʤ֮䣬Ҫٿǿǣ
εֽȷʵܻ𱬣ǵӻϵʶңңȣ֣ҪʵʵڵλеλҲǷǵĿʱԲһɧ͵òʧˡ
ʦ磬Ѧ÷һ·÷ֽĵλǾأαѦ֮Ⱦӵһĸ߷־Ϊ÷ʦҪǲңҾҪѦˡ
ҪѦƾʵӮңûʲô˵ƾϵģҲģʦңҪѦѵ֣һһ÷𣿡
ˣнڣҲһֱڰѦ˵ڻҪѦĵӰһҶڣƬͷء
֣ɫ䣬˵ʲôһҶڣƬͷѦ
ǰǽڶġ˵
֣սȭͷ𺣬ãҴӦȥ
սľȻһ˶ֱǶƣαһҪѦҰܣ
³÷ŮʿˣҪš
칫ǰ̧ͷ˵
÷칫ңҪڣָָ֣ͷ߹ȥɳϡ
칫ҷǳװʮ־и֣شܽо۵ף칫ǰűдʲôһװģͷɾרע棬ȫɢų˵
ʶô꣬ÿһμ֣÷ĶܿƵţˣֹ·ƣҲĲ֣еľ
ȱȡ
ص÷عǰĿȣæվӹǸʧ̬ˡ
֮䲻ô֣Ȼʮˣȴˣʮͷӣͦθߴһ֪ʱǸ˧Сӡ
ܺ÷վţЦ£ֻѩѳһڣЦʣóʱûˣпˣ
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֣ЦЦˣĽչеʱǹעһ£ǹ˾ǸѦĹɤĺãҲã˵Щ趼Լʵģ
ǵģαеĲԼдģ˾ֻ飬츳÷ЦŻء
֣ͷȷʵǸѵõ˲ţҿεĹھˣλѡֺȲЩ򡣡
ǧ˵˵¸һ÷
֣Цһǵһμ¸ҵˡ
÷ЩȣôæҲ֪Щʲôʧˡ
ҲҴҪͷ֪ж˫۾֣ι˼ģ±˵֣ϵ
Цѣ㲻ؽš֣ɳϣɫǷɣҪǴҲ㣬Ҳȥѡ˶㣬ôأʶҲжʮˣʲôˡ
֮ԴӦȥѡ÷ԭڣ÷ʶô꣬ǵһαͬʱϯһ˵Բ÷ִˣٻά÷
÷лϲüȾЦ⣬ллҪҴֽ磬ҲнգݴһֱһܱĵλⱲҲˡ
ҷĺˣ㱨ҵһ졣֣Ц˵
÷Щðҧҧתط֣һֱ֪Ķܳɫɩӽ̵з
˵СɾͣҪСᵽӣ֣˼֡
÷ͷɩɺã
أÿ첻Ǵƾǹ֣ˣǰѳˣҪЩӲŻ֣̲
޶ΣϾȢ£һֱǵÿǷһŮ
÷Ц˵ɩǸиġ
֪Ȼ˶ٵ²ܼ޸֣ôõˣϣûֻܽĸĵס
뵽ʲô˵ˣ˵֣Ҫȥ66ѡ֪𣿡
֣ҲҪȥμӱ֣šüСԽԽûзִˡ
лҪ˵ǡ

92Ӱ11

, һˡϣ֣ͻص, һЬһߺɳϵĸ״к
֣ڿֽ, ֻһ鵭Į
֣ͻЬŹǷ˵, һطˣҲϢ
ȵȡ֣±ֽȥ, ˵ҲҪμֽڵܾ
֣͵ͷǵ, ֡
׼ȥ֣ඪ֡
֣߹ȥ˵֣, 66ѡͬУһʦ, ȥ, ûɾܾ
ӰûУȥѡ, ȥ, ֮Ǹӹ˾ĸ֣ҪӮˣû˻˵ƾʵӮ, ֻ˵ǿǸӵĹϵӮ˱, ʱ򲻵ǳ֣ҲҪһˮ֣ѵ˵
֣͵ȻҲ⣬ֻ뿴ŽǸѦӮȥ, ˵֣Ǹû֣ҵûҲһְΪֱ뵽û⣬Ȼٰ췽÷ʦȥѡȻҲŵùǵƷģȥȥʲôӰأ
˵˲׼ȥǲ׼ȥ֣˵ʲô˵
֣Ͳһ˵֣ǲ̫ˣǸ֣ҵְҵΪһĿҾͲǸĿɣҶ˵ƽ
ֹƽ𣿡֣վʡ
֣Ŭŭ𣬡ôͲƽˣǸѡѦһ÷һȦԱŴţôһ·˳˳ˮܾ֣ĿûĿʵֻҪ˹ƽ˲ƽʲôϵӰְ
ôҲܣҾûʵҲӸߴˤǸѡҿˣʵôҪΪǳĹϵͱ̭ˣܾܽǷҪΪҵĹϵ˹ھôŷ
ˣӹ˾ķܲãܶ˶˵ռ֣͵Ĺϵҫӹ˾ԹصģҪȥǻ£֣ͺ
㲻Ҫٶ˵㲻׼ȥҪȥˣͱٻ֣ң֣û֪ص֣˵꣬ٲػĻᣬȥ鷿
֣úˣ̧žҪɳȥ뵽ƽϲľöˣֿסˣŭѹ£鷿һۣǲĵ̧¥ҡ
ص䣬֣ʹ˸绰˭ȥҰ֣
÷ʦȥ˾³
˵绰֣ͽסֻ÷Ȼ㣬ΪѦ㾹ȻڱСĲ㡣
룬ͨĸȵֻ裬ʲôʱǸ÷ȥˣ㵽׹ܲܣ
İɣǲ÷ʲôģҺ˽֡
÷Ұֶߴ磬Ұֻһ٣䡣֣˵
ȣ䣿ӣģ˺÷죡ӣ˵ʲôģ
裬㲻ڣ¡֣
ʮ߰˵ˣ벻أҾ˵ˣҺѴأ˰㣬
֣ͿЦõĹ˵绰ŭ࣬̾Ϣһ˰ˣȥͲȥ
֪֣Ͳܰ󣬼òУ˵һĺû֣Ҳûı⣬ѯ£֪÷ڱ̣÷ݺһͨ
ǸŮһ֪һӮѦԲڱû汾ֻڱСˣ治ҪѦǸҲҪˣ!
ǳ˽һˤһˤҲû취֣Ͳˣֻܰԭļƻһиֺϳûףαһ䣬øȹϵƵģ
СŽȰ䣬עɤӣȴ˳ȥСųţΧŵ˶ǰѯʣС˵ˤˣ󺰴еģһҲԼɤӡ
Ҳҡͷ˾ôһλڣ
ǣҺãǵڣֽڱܾĵӭһ
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ãһ㷢ļûУžʮͷʮˣ
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֣һϾը˹һƬһƬ
÷ʦҲƯѵǮеλ˶𣿡
÷ʦʣ֪ǲҵĴҾ֣з񣬲֪ΪǲǷأ
ð䣬ԭһ𡣡
÷ǵ֣ȴʮˣϧ
Ҷ÷Ҳܸߣվһ˾ø䡣
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ĺĬ˵һµģǰŹһ
Ǻѣ˵ʶʮˣĬġ
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ҵ߳Ѧ״̬Ψ㲣û˯һϵЦҲǺܽӲ֪Ϊȥˡ
ǵλѡϵ֮ˣϳĹעڴرǵģѡѦһֱռ߷ֵλã֮һֱվڽˣδ㳤ôǧҪվˣҪǵǻʹġ
ұ鲢ïıݶôЦ
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㴫ˣϲ֣Ц䡣
÷΢Цأлл
֣÷ʦ˵Ļأ
˵ʲô÷ʦЦúӣһֱŮǿ˵谡
һ
ǵģѡһ״̬ãӵڶ䵽˵ʹ˵˵ĸܡ˽Ͳݵǰ
ŬάõЦݣžͷ˵һҸðˣʱŸգ״̬ãôʧˣܱǸ
ԭˣŸջڼֱ澴ҵ˸̾˵
ķ˿ˢĻ
ԭˣڱ־˾塣
Ҽ
ǰʱ仹ûʵĳҼŲûʵֻ״̬öѡ
÷а룬ȻЩСһ˵һһʧ£ʧҲΪΪԭµģʵ
ϾһֱǵڶͻȻԭģ˵ԭضһͬ飬ⲻ˶˵ܾҵ
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ĻһڣȫɫĿ֪ΪʲôͻȻô
ʶԼķӦкڵòˣȣҵ˼ǣǱˣԼ⣬ѡأԵΪԼʧҽˡ
Ҳǣ䣬Ϊʲôԭ򣬶ܳΪڡЦ˵ԽҪٴһʵ
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ⷬ˵ôҶ˼ֺøУǸзˣһȣԵСˣǰ˵ŵʧҲôҾΪԼҽڡ
ողӪܸͻȻԼʯͷ˽ţҪֱѦһɶ
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ˣʱ䱦ǻλѡֳɣҶȲˡʱԲմ졣
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ѦһЦзȵĳѦһƣѦòллһǰһ뿪̨
һĻܺгǶ֣ȻѺãոնԣҶѦֶ˼ֺøУȻǾҲзȡ
ΪСϸڣ˲֪һۡ
֣ҲһĻ÷˵㹫˾λĺܲ
һ˳ɹ׬˶ǮжȨƣҲܲߵ˸ùϵ
ģߵ˶ɵˣϵúܽľӮ˱Ҳۡ
ѦһһֱܺƣʲôʱǱ΢Цòƽ׽ˣȿͣһֵȻĸо˲ߵøԶ
ӹ˾λҲһ÷Ļһ䡣
֣ͬĻɲԶˡ
÷һۣЦЦûٳ
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׸Բ̫죬ƾŸоڳרҵҲӲûгǿȫˣȳ꣬ѾʪȻлҲˣ̨
ϡϡ˶СѡҲҡͷ̾Ϣ֣͸˵ˣн֣һͨˮ׼ܾˣǶǳ
ѡֳʧԽĿҲӰ죬˸Ͻ̨ȳ
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Ѧ˾Ϲлߵ̨룬еĵƹۼϣų˵ЦݣһϾͽ״̬
·ΪֶֻҪһ־ٶС
׸һͷǸѦһɤ˱ȫڵ
ĸմ󣬳ʱȫְͬһ㣬˶Ŀĺɤı仯Ҳű䶯ʱжʱˣʱġ
һ׸質꣬ҵɽһһ顣
һͣѦЦųҾϹл
𣬹ںѡǸЦݣѦıʮ⡣
Ѧ˴ĴָԵľ塣
ָӶҪɳѦĸȻôɫԤиǿˣǿָﶼû
󣬲Ѧ߷֣ڶķʮ֣ôЩ͹Ҳסˡ
Ц˵ЩϲĻȻѡϯˣһ֪ǵ֣÷Ůʿλѡִ˶ٷֶԲԣ
ԣ
Ц˵ǺãǵĴĻѡǵĴ
Ļʾһ֣ǸλѡѡֵĴҵ֣Ѧ˵Ĵֱַ9.5֡8.5֡֡
÷˵Ĵֱַ9֡8.5֡7֡
Ѧ˶Ĵֶһġ
һꡣ
Ѧܾȣ֣־Ȼ÷Ļߡ
Цúܸˣλѡʦ⡣
Ҳάֲˣ÷Ҳˣ϶ƫ̻Ѧģ֣֣͵ĸףδĹΪʲôҲƫ̻ѦһΪ÷Ĺϵ֣÷Ƕʮѣ֣ڸ÷ӣԲ̧Ѧġ
ʼûоԼʵ
Ц֣֣ķȻ÷ʦĻҪߣΪʲôأ
ֵʵǿֻ֣˵ôࡣ
Ѧжۿˣлл֣ǰ
ǰ֣Ҳ֣İϵ֪
֣ѵõЦˣѦ͡
һģллǰѦϹ
˶һΪѦǹھˣѦķ˿Ҳǵһǧķ˿ҲоŰˣֻһϵе״Цѹǵķ˿Ŀ죬ٶ˿
ڶܾһҲǶһѦԾ״̬ܺã״̬Ͳױڵסˡ
ٰ췽岻ʣҪһϳٰ췽ͬˡ
ӾͺãǵúϳҪ̫󣬲Ҫѹ̨÷š
ѦͷӦá
һϳܾˣҲǲμӹƵıʮ㣬ҶǺܷģֻǺϳʱһҪעĬĽҪ𣿡
ǳǲĵģĵ˲ĬϾһ裬Ҫ۵ζƫƫֲ£˺ܶΣǲλòһ䡣
ѦһۣЩΣ˵׵ġ
ڰѦǣеŭԽǿңҪѦɤӣ˶ãѦ䱸̫ǿˣû֡
ȵȣѦ²֣Ǹϳǿ԰
Цһתˡ
Լһ£ҿױ÷˵꽫Ѧһȥױ
ʱѦֻˣǽڴģ÷Ц˵ӣҰ㲹
Ѧι
Ҫϳ˰ɣҽкҪ£ǲֱܿûϵæ͸ϻ칦ڳϣԭĸ׵ļգҪȥĹذݼ
õģҪעⰲȫҵ㡣
ͣҵĹھڸҪӮùھҾ͹ǵĹϵ
ѦϷϺϼһᾡġ
˵绰Ҹ۵Ц÷˵ҪʱҲ״̬ͺˡ
ѦЦЦû
˼ﷴԽˣúɣȥˮȥûˮӹšƿһ˴룬ˡ
ֻǹ˼ӣɤ񵶸һʹŲֲ䣬ҵɤô
һɤɳƵŵɫ䡣
÷ѦҲ𾪲ѣ÷첽ȥʣô£ɤôˣ
Ҳ֪Ҹոպ˰ƿˮȻͳˡѵ˵Ż
÷֣ȱ˵ˡϵˮ𣿡
ͷ
÷ˮţˮҩ˹Ҫ㻵ɤӺòϳ
÷㣬Ҫˣ϶ϲ˳ģǸô죿Сϼʡ
÷еˮһʱҲû⡣
׸ǺϳѦòϺãʱˣʱи趼ѧˡ
ѦɫҲЩˣô죿
лҪ˵ô죿

93Ӱ12

, ӭǵĵʮֽڵıֳ, ǵ볡
ʮλԱ볡
ʮλѡ볡
÷, 볡ˣȥɡѦ÷˵
÷˵ҸոѾСȥ֪ͨĿǱߣһһ
Ļ˵, Ǿᵽǵ÷ʦе鵢ˣҪһ, ûϵǵλѡ֡
, Ƚиֵ취, , һ㶨ġ÷Ѧļ򰲸˵
Ѧͷ, лл÷, Ƚˡ
СϼѦͽ÷ż˵÷, Ǹ˭æ
Ҵ绰ɭȳ׺ϳǻᳪġ÷˵ͨɭĵ绰, ɭͬ, ÷˵绰˿Ͼ͹
СϼЩģ÷, ɭ𣿡
һȣɭǸ𲽵ˣԶɭʵѦɭܰﵽѦ
Сϼ֪ڵʲôɭôⳡµĵ䲻ߵʵǺǿģҪ׸Ϥ벻˭ܹȳģܱһϳҪõöࡣ
ѦʵⳡһҲӮùھģֻǽĿҪһһŮϳѦûиɭǲЩôܰѦ˳ɱ
֮ɭĵģҪ
ʱˣ÷˵СϼȽˡ
õģ÷㡣
÷ߺСϼ뻹óֻͨ˽ڵĵ绰ڸ磬ˡ
һˣѽ᲻ýأ޲ɢ֮ϯǵĽĿʵʱ̰ɣ˻ڻԾա
ѦѦɫûôƽȻüۼŵǣ˼ˣǰϳϲ˳Ѧһ˰ɣҪô
Ѧ˵
ǵ촩һɫ˿ȹ˳ٲһ㣬дɣд鶯ÿˡ˿Ѧš
ѦЦ˵˽Ҳ˧
˵⻰Ŀȥˡ˿Ц
ҶЦˣѾԾʱ÷ˡ
˼ЦŴк˵ǵ÷ʦʱģȴٵˣ֪ʲôҪ鵢أ
˵С⣬Ѿˡ÷̨ϣ˵
˼Ը˵ԭҲʶȤĲ׷ʣȻǵ÷ʦѾǾͿʼɣҺһȲ֪ھ˭ҡ
÷Լλϣ֣ʣʲôˣ
˳÷Сʡ
֣šüκʱֹĶǵ¶٣Щ˾ǲúŬҪȥаʣ𣿡
֣ģѾˡ÷Ц˵
֣ͷֱ˲˵
ǰȺǰأ˻ڵڵθڡ
Ҳ밡ĿҪӳЩʱ䣬ʡ
Ѧǰĸʽǵһϳ÷˵ѾˣЩ̤ʵŬôãһˣ빦һ
һֻнǾ䣬õھϵӮ˳վڽߡ
ȴʱˣˣҵһϳ𣿡
Ѧ̧ͷҲתͷ΢΢һЦ
ЦʣΪʲôҪһϳ
һֱ֪һϳʲôоһˣ볢һ¡ء
Ѧƺ״̬ãǰ÷˵˵С״״һѦıйأ䲻֪׳ʲô£ܰѦһʱҲǺõģһʱ̬
˵ǿ
ҾûȺϳȽϺðɣͬ⡣
˱ʣһϳ𣿡
ҭסǾѦһϳĻ˺ǰ֮ǰһ˲ٷۣٷͬĴѹ˵һϳģȻһϳҲֻܳȫ
ЦһȴһЦ⣬Ǿллˡ
أתѦ
Ѧ˵û
ãǾһϳڶ˶ϳѭʼ˱
̨ƹȿϳŮִһ߳һʵŮ֣죬һһƬ䶯
ΪǱܵģԴҲ֪˭һֱڴּŮ֣Ȼܼ
Ůֽ£һ߳һԳһĺϳ
ǳ꣬ڽкһƬƽ̨Ҳˢһ޵ĵĻµķ˿Ƿǵİ򿨣ķ˿ֿʼٵǡ
ҲԼⳡݳԼõһΡ
ȥ˳Ѧ
Ѧ÷÷͹Ѧͷһߵ̨롣
ôýҼ״̬̫ã
𣿻Ƿʲô£
ǲѹ̫ˣİʵġ
Ůͣġ
ҪĸԾҵԴֽǳһİϣϲѦ˵Ϲ
֮
Ѧȹŵһۣһʼݳ
ɤԾɸɾ飬һ˳ϴЦ⣬Ψˣд֮Ҹ۵ģ裬·ԼҲһãǲĸЦ⡣
𣬺ͻȻҲˡ
ҺˣҸĸо
ôô
֪λиǵŮһϳһҸˡ
֪һ
Ѧǲָ裬һ˵ͳ񣬳˴ԣˣĳѦҪǿһ㣬ųһ䣬ǵȫ׶
Ѧиֵʱסˣ÷ҲһһĲ졣
Ż򿪣뿴ȥ߳һͦθߴˣ߱Ƚϰ˵Ѧ÷ѾϳˣϵĲ˾ϲ
иһݳһ߳Ѧȥżһ۽µ·߾û뿪ѦԽԽѦԶľͣˣʱƹϣ˶
ۣǽڣ


񣡡
ȫĹڶվе۵ĿŽڣеļô󺰴УȫһƬ䶯
ƽ̨ϵĵĻĻסˡ
ľȻҼϹҪˣ
Ϲôȥˣôңǲһϲ
Ϲ̫ˣأˡ
ԭҼϹҲôǷʲô´½𣿡
¥ϵģϹǰǸְ㲻֪𣿡
۵һ޳Ϲð䣬ӡ
ڳ裬÷ۿˣˣڳˣû뵽ȥȻôá
֣ڵĳ߾סиֵĳ죬ļһ
ˣھȻˣòװѦиֽˣΪⳡѦ䶨ˣû뵽ڻļƻʧ
䣬
˲ע⣬뿪˵ȺҵСõֻ֣ʹ绰ʦ磬Ѧˣ㿴𣿡
ҿˣѾڹ·ϣ£ⳡ֣˵
ϲ֣ллʦ磡
˵绰㰲ģôֲǸ֣һԱһ֣͵ģⳡӮˡ
ɫĻصֳ˵עѦͽϣûע⵽
ߵѦߣס֡ 
˺ʵƴŵ⣬ѦƽһЦŶһߺϳ
ұ㿴һĻиһװģͦӢŮһɫȹīˣӣһһϣϵޱĬ
֮жֻжԷͬһȦȦķۺݣҸۡ
һ׸質꣬һҸ۵ĳУֱ¾ҲŻصʵ漴ȫ׶
ֱƽ̨ҲһƬкֱﲻ
һ𺳵߳Ц˵̫ˣ׸ӦǾ仰ֻӦУ˼ĵüţôĸҾúҸŴҺһҲҸԲԣ
ԣȫӦ
˼˵û뵽ǵӰ۽ڻһľϲڳĹвǽڵķ˿ɣ
ǣ
ϹҰ㣡
ڵŮڼĴ
ڳЦ˵Ҳҡ
ϹϹϹŮڶҪˣ
̫мѦˣȻڽĿֳǵİҪ֪ǼϽĿģ˽ĿҲһܹڣ￴ڣ裬ǼֱҸҪˡ
˼䶯ĳޱ𺳣ǵĹϹģ˿޴ڣôĽĿǵһοôֺ䶯ĳ棬ͽȥϢһ£½ٴȥھҪˣʱҿס
ȫЦ
ѦҾϹл̨
ҷֽԴѦֺûɿʱĽѣŽԼ
ǵǸͻȻ뿪̳תȥսи֣֣С÷
Źں÷£̫̫æ÷Ҳûǰ£˽ò̫롣
÷ӣͷǵģ뿪̳Ѿˣû뵽һл衣
Ҫ֪ΪȰڻû¹򣬿ɶûܳɹξΪѦ˰ĵһôܲ𺳾ϲ
ҾϤļ벻֣˵
÷Ц˵ӰۣܻԱǿĵӰߵӾ硣
ڵϿ֣ҡͷѾ̨Ҳٺ÷죬ֻý¡
ںѦȺ˺´кԼλϡ
³˴Ĵָ
ѦһЦʽڣôˣ
Сϼˣȳ˵꣬ʣϲ𣿡
Ѧͷֱ𾪺ðɣʱӶǿհ׵ģһŻָ˼
Ц˵»иϲ㡣
ѦʻʲôϲѾˣ˵ר衣
ıǰöˣҽ״̬ܺãúȣҲ֪λи
Ů֣иֵ𣬲ر֣ɫˣ÷Ҳиֵ֣Щǡ
Ŵ򿪣иִ֣߳͡
뿴ѡϯ֣ӣƶˡ
Ҳˢ˵Ļʾ
ͶʷǳѡǳģѡҲǳˣںˣֶǳģⳡֱǳרˣʲôֱùھˣ
ǣǳôʲôֱӰװˣ
ѦˣʵĿã÷ҲܹˮƽҪ˹ھǲ
Ҽ̫ƽˣûûϵȫ̶ǿԼ
Ҫ˹ھԺҲֽˣ̫ˡ
һ
˶亹ֱӴӮˣȻ̫ү֣ͶˣⲻǸԼǳк𣿾Ͳ֪ܱӣøϽôȳ
ںѦ֣ʱЩȣò˵ⲽµһͿѵûҪӮ˱Ҳվס
̫Ӯˣû
֣ҲǣͿѵҲͿҪԼҹ˾Լҵƣ
ǹһĨڽ֣һӢԼУǱӦˬ
¶һۣҡͷ֣ǲ̫Ϥ׸裬Ȼ˺üҲûʲôĬʱպÿ˱𴦣ʱȥڻˡ
ݳ̸γ亹
ȻҲ֣ͳˣƵƵʾ⣬ÿοȥ֣͵ƿˣԽż߹ȥҪ֣͵֣ǡʱ֣ͻûͲȥ˿գεϵЦⶼҪάֲס
һĻȻûӹҵ۾Ҷ
ʱǵǾ֣ͲĶĺȵģƽһЩ
֣ͺĺϳ֣͵󣬽ѹģͳ˸һĻǺϳ͸֣͵Ķһ鳪㲻ˣΪҸ
ںѡƵƵҡͷ׸Ͻ꣬ʵȥˡ
ǲûôһĬҲûУ
ԭΪ֣ͳͦõģһֱһͿĻȵģ
Σȫ֣͵ĻһҲûɹǶˡ
Ҳզʵùھȥɡ
Ҳˢۡ
֣ڵøҪһҪڣҪͣˣ⳪ʲô⣿ֱۡ
һ׸ҲǼӣݳܿˣ֣͵ûһҸоãɫȴʮֲãջͲֹǽڶЩˡ
ˣ֣һֳϡϡļ˵ףⳡˡ

94Ӱ13

, ǵֳֻѾˣȡܷ, Ѿ, ˵
ʵҲ֪ˣǹģһķҲǵ, Ҫ˵Ȼ䷢ͽ
ȴӵʼ˵ҲٹŪ, Ͻʮֽڱĵǵ66ѡ
Ҷ
ϵ˽, ʱҲ˵סǿЦҾϹл
˼ǵĵڶǾ298ѡ
ȫҵ
ѳϹ, һ˵лл
ǵܹھ˭ȻҲ˵Ҳ֪˰ɣЦʡ
, , ȫ
˴Ц˵û, ǵܹھǵģѡѦ
лл, ллѦ˾ʮȾϹϳ˸˻имж
ҵ͸ǵλѡ֣˵Źơ
ȫ׶
ǰ佱, Ҫλѡ̨ѡְ佱, ֣÷һλ˸ֱھǾ佱
һȹС㽫ͽװŶѡǸ԰䷢ѡ֡
˶λ, Цǵ֣ΪǵĹھѦ佱
֣ݸѦھĽݸ˻ӵһ¡
һĻ
˵֣ǵĹھ˵һĻɡ
ףٴԻ֣͡ϧֻ˵ô֡
ȴǧѦжۿˣȫҵ
÷佱÷˵㣬Ŭٽ
л÷ʦܵ裬ȫ
ֵ佱Ϊ֣ܸѦ佱ʱ̱ĲŶԣȴѦȥֻõﲻʹ죬ԼǸһڵѡ佱ЩԹ佱鵭лл˵øܲˣĻҲֻ˵˼֣Ҵҽ
ڴҵĹעѦϣĹעȲǿ˼ʱԲֳ̫Ρ
ѵ۹ѩģκСϸڶܷ֣϶۸һ䵽ף˵ûʵûȣ䲻𣬰ɫףûòûʵȵȡ
Ҷֻü»⣬ǳ֣ҸӵĹ࣬ⳡ㹫ƽ
ѶԱ֣ȴ⣬һֱֻҪһذܾ֣¹ھû뵽˺ԾһأһǰһߣòУں̨˺ܴĻ
ԱǰȰҲһ٣ұ㶼ǰȥλ̫үˡ
ڵĻױڸڣ춯ȥ˸֣µĻȥȴ֣ͷˣ֣ﱾͻðɣޱ裬֣϶ڿЦ
ݺݵĽסڣôڿҵЦ
ҪǲЦҲûÿһֲ嶵ƵĻء
֣սģѦͲͬһˤˤ𣿡
ʵҲҲӱǸ˵ˡڵ˵Ȱһ䣬ʱֹɣҪʱѪ޹顣
֣ͳӵòһ¼Ϸܡ
СˣҪǰ˵ˣɫԾƽϷ˵ĸǰҲǸϷӡ
սģ裿֣ͻȭͷҪǰڣȴһԵĹԱʱˡ
֣Ȧ̫үûɽҲ˲õҪǶҪ˹
һ޹ѵ˵ˣĸǰһҲԱ˵ԱϷӣĸҲϷӣ
㻹˵㣡֣һǰ壬ȴԱס
ʱںϳ
Ц֣һۣȥ
֣͵˦Աýױ˸ųЩ
ڻصĿֳٴǵùڻ
Ц˵˵һϲҪңٴν˻ڣ㻹ʲôϲҪң
󲿷˶֪ǰǸ֣ҵĵʦ÷ʦΪĸ׵ԭŽ̳ҲΪĸ׵ԭ뿪̳һֱ÷ʦȻ̨Ҫ÷ʦϵ˵һԲ𣬹ڳ÷ϹǸ
÷ۿ˵㣬صǸֻŲʵ̫ϧˡ
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ڿ÷˵÷ʦҳҾͳ
÷Ķһ֡
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ЦˣãҾͳһס
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Ѧû˱֪жమĸףǽȴδ˵ĸ׵£Ҳ֪ĸ׵ļգҪ֪һϳҲýġ
ڵһֱһݾʹݾʹĸԴĸףӲ𣬶ҲȥȻڽʹ˳һѪܵġ
𣬽վڵƹ£һԶĸ裬׸輸û÷ֻ֣ڳһʱʹλվһ𾪡
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֣һ㷴ӦҲûУ۾ֱĿ̨ϵĽڣһ֣ѩ
ѩ
÷һɻѩ˭ͽһս˵׸ĸĸ裬ѵڵĸ׾ͽнѩ
ô˵֣ʶڵĸ׵ģѹ֣ǰ˵ýڳ죬ļһ֣Ĳǽڶǽڵĸ׽ѩ
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á
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ƽ̨ҲˢĻҶڵǰΪڵĸĬ
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Ҫû´Ļ֣Խѩº֪飬Ҫ֣֪һУΪ֣֪һк֣ĸӵĺӾ͵ͷˡ
Ĭ󣬽˵ܱǸôΪĸ׵ѹҪ˵Ҵľϲˡ˵ųȺѦ֣
Ѧȥᣬһߵ˽ߡ
ڼȫˮ̧ĸȥЦ˵ôˣ۾˿ɾͲƯˡ
˾סھȻҲôһ棿
ڸѦȥס֣˵Ҫһ£ҺڽϣܹףǣϾҲϴСˣһֱܸҸϱļգϱҸˣ칫Ҳ֪ôɫĶϱӦûġ
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˸жˣȻǸϲף¹ھջô񣬲ǵҲ㣬ܰ䣬ףǡ
ףףףȫȻ
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һһľϢΧϵͳٶȱ
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֣ͺȴˮû˲ĸƵѦǰõиɤӻ˵ҲΪǱùѪͷ
˵Ƿۣķ˿ֱ»ʣ¼ʮǼʮĺڷۡ
û뵽Ľû뵽ıѣ羹Ȼͱĸȥ£һ͵ԵһȻǱˣߣΪãʵռ֤һġ
飬Ϊ̫ż֣ûдףƿˮָƣһӾͽ˳
˷ͥ͵Ʒ͹˺ˡ
̣Ļ˲˵Ҫڼȹ꣬ԺˣҲĶ¡
֣ҲòȥǱں̨˴˵£һ󲨷ֱۣ˱Ҳ͵˵ĸн߸ˣˣ֣ף֣˳䲻ܼȦȥôǳ̫үһٻ󲻳
ǺȴΪͬһĿ˵֣֣Ͳӣ֣ɣк֣Ӽ֣;ȻĲĶӡ
֣һ֮ƶ˵Ţࡣ
Ҳǹƭģ磬Ҳû취ϷʱһǿˣҷһУǸֲΪҸû취˸֣ΪǾƺϵΪҵĺģ磬ôķϣԭҺ𣿡
֪ϢӹҴҸϻȹ֣ǰʹ
֣һ߿ŭɶ㻹ʲôݣȣƭҺòңҪⳡƭ֣Һͽѩôֿѩĸôô㲻ֹңҲ˽ѩĸӣ㻹ʲôԭ㣿ҵǵһμ޳ܶ񶾵ˣ
ҪȽھƵ˯һƬŵϣֹĺӣôᱻȢ֪ʱѩˣҪ֪㲻̳ȥҲȢȡ
οȺûзʲôȵĺҲĺӣ񶾵Ů˾ֽͽѩɢýѩԳʹǵĶӣһ󣬰ܾί࣬ջȺڼɱ
ûѩǱȺģѩҹܻᳪڣбȥȷ֣ö񶾵Ｄ˺˽ѩϣѩһʱ벻ؼɱˡ
ԭϸɫĽΪĸ׵ɱ뿪̳
Ҫֺ֣֣ݺһȥ߷ڵأڵ֪еһкҲûʲô˵ķȺʿ޲ĺݶŮˣ
ѩһһӣ˽ѩ˽ѩһǸûõˣǸ޴ˣԲѩҲԲǸһҲûεĺӡ
֣ûҲûٹ˼ʲôһ߻ᣬ鹫֮ڣթƭｫȸϷͥΪԼҲΪѩ
ȵȻֹ£˽˲ٴɷ飬ЩһһʵصƷ̡ܴ
֣ͱ֣оԴϳ֣ңˣһ̵ĸףǼ-ӣߵﶼָܲشˣս˷ԺһֻܺһȺסһ
ڵĸ׽ѩʱƬ˹ϣҹܻͬ³Ϊ˵ҹܻϰʱԺãûκβ飬вŻ֮ҹܻΪӽڡ
һҲ˵׷ѩξܾ£ѩҪ̰ͼ˾Ͳ̵ܾ׷ΪǮΥԭ顣
Ϸ׷׿ѩǸĺĸףֵþذ
еڵٴαǣΪȫǡ
һմůڴѦĸĹؼݣڽѦʽܸĸʶֽĸӵĸף֪ǲǴƺĹϵƬЦñˡ
ĸ˵÷ˣڣݼһ½ѩ㡣
лл÷㡣ںѦ볯Ϲл
÷ѩһ㣬ҽܣĹϵƬѩƯһǸƯвŻŮˡ
˵ǵģȷʵǸвŻŮˣֻǡ
ȥˣڣ̫ѹˡ÷ļ
ڵͷ
÷ԥһ£˵һһ˹ڣûͬ⣬ҺܱǸѩ㻹һġ
ڿȥ֣һվڲԶһ£֣ʮһ㣬ЩˣϵĻĸǰϲİٺϻ˲뵽ѩһı綼֣ɵģԹ
ʱѦס֣ͷȥһ˫˫ȫϧ黹ȰοеԹɢȥҲֻǸˣ֣ûʲô
÷˵ûϵ˵öԣҲһ档
÷˿֣֡
֣Żһһ˹̶̼·ȴһôѩĹǰƬʹʣۿͺˣͨһ˵ϣʧʹޣСѩҶԲ㣬ˡ
÷д̲סˡ
ѦҲһۿһ͹
ɬҪһ㴩ǲҲŮ˱ҵһ
֣ĹǰãҲ˵ڵĻֱ춼ϾѾʮˣ̫ϥѾˣһʹٴϹȥ
Сġ÷ȥȴûϵȣŷ֣첲ϵ֣οЦˡ
֣жѣĽڵ֣۾ʣԭ°ְðְֲĸû취ֲҲϣٴ㣬ӣ
ڿһۣתͷѩƬƺѩڳͷʾ֣룬ѩҲϣܻصߣԭҲϣԼӵиġ
һ֣֣ؼҰɣ
ãؼңǻؼҡ֣˲ݺᣬȴЦ⡣
÷ѦһЦΪǸϸеˡ
һº֣ϻؽڣǳļ̳Ȩ˽Уȫ䶯
ºѦͽھʢĻ񣬸𼫴ĺ䶯Χٶȱ
һѦһӣҲһ̳ǳ
ֹ꣬ѦһŮһ֣꣬÷һƬף
Ѧϸ̳ıʣڳΪٰϯĸֺǲμӣ֡
Уȫиɭ綼ϯᣬɤתȥȦҲԱȥͳӰۡ
֣÷Ѿ˻飬˳Ȧӣһ˼ĸںѦӣӱѩɰŴ˸ĸСС;ֺźܴ츳
ϯ룬ѦڽڻУ¥µ־Ҹ۵Цݣ˵ллڣҪ㣬ҲôҸҰ㡣
˳ķҲ㡣
ϲ񡣡
ϵͳʾЦˣ§ѦҲлл㡣
׼һ磬͹УϵͳԶĸ顣
321
ѣˡ
ڻָʶôһ䣬ʲôδʲôɫˣ
лҪ˵дһƤԼ
Ԥղءϵͳ촩
ԽǧСΪУϴ֮·Ϊһˡ
ݶ磺
1
2
3Ͻ
4ӻͷ
5Űܼ
6ø
7ػ
8Т
9㲻
10һ

ĶָϣеУ,еûУд鰮顣

95¹1

, ²ˡФ׳ŵٴţڴ, ȻҪˡ
һ㷴ӦҲû, Ф漱øȹϵƵģŶҪմסˣи, Ӵƽ˯ͦѵ𣿽ôˣ
¹شҲ˲, ҪǹоҪˡ
ðŶΣգ˷, 
ͻȻ򿪣Фŵæ, ǰһõϷ, ˺ü 
Ф, ҹ, ñķ, Ф棬ǻòͷ𣿡
Ѿںԭļ䣬֪Լδһ¹, ҪѪ, ϵͳɫһһӣξȻ˸̫ࡣ
Ǹ̫ࡣ
Ѿ, ٰ
ôڿҿһĵϵͳΪʲôҪô
ˡʵ¹شūŲò˶ЪϢūФڵϣš
һ䣬Ե쳣ɲ׺£
ʡжˡФ亹ֱ
ڲŰҹҲ֪ϲ˴ЪϢȴҪǲһû
ɫһ䣬ô˵ôˣںδ
Ѿˣ޴󰭣СФæء
ԭѾ׼ʵ۵޹ȥФĻʣôУ
ҹָʹͬϹ԰ʱѰȥзģϱЪСФء
һ԰ӣһþ֡
ڰѾˣŭýһҪˮʯūŵǶ
۵ײżڽ½ɣߣȥưɣ
ǣФ汳ֱͦˡ
߷
ڵϣĹŮ̫һһıȥʣۿͿֵĸŮ٣̲סϵĳɵۿͷı֮ģֺȵգڳ檹г£ףҲ޷ϣʵΣ顣
úòѾʮˣ˿ҲͶʮģֱһ˶˷ݵȻʣźۣڶĺ󹬣Ψлӵɣ´Ӳ裬ĳɵ۶һǣڣûȱٹĳ谮
ĳɵҪһԵĽָʹֹȳˣżҪ޹أһģڻûԩʵЩˡ
ִˣЩŮ̫޹ģ̿Ҫ𣿡תֹŭʡ
ֹЦ˵޹ֺһ˵Ҫˣ˵ȷ¡
㡭
ִǡʱһұȥֻһͦθߴ˽Ƥ׾üĿ续һɫĹٷϣ˼ĸС
ϳұ֮⻹һ͸ĵĺ⣬һ·е¶ȶ˼֡
رѻһɨڣеĶӣ׷׵ͷȥ
ˣĲܿƵһ뵽ʲôָһ˿Թϻƽһδԣջߣعš
ֹһ
ڳһҲǴкˣߵǰ۹أϣūžȼ٣ûܾˡ
ɣҹģں󹬣һʱҲпԭʮĳɵ̧̧Ƥ
л˶ֹոִ˵Ļˣ߷£ɷ㲻߷֮˸ɵģҲ֮ܵִˣҪǱ£߷һ˵ȶȥź򡣡
˵ɨ˵ɪɪһۣͣƬ̣ÿһδɫƿߣֹЦִ˻̫ˡ
ֹȫȻûΪڵĻеˣⲢͬոպ˵ĻڰָЧ̫ͣô˻û¶֮ˡ
ֹʮͷСĳɵۣĳɵ۵ĸԴڽĳɵб㲻ǰˣڴԣȨƺͶ裬һֱӽжȨ꣬һֱδֳܷߵﶼһԹޡ
һҲЦǲºǽǰذ£а˿ƫ֮ȷÿӶϷٶЩԩ
֮⣬ǿ죬ϷдѵԩǵԹص
û֮⣬Щ⣬ȨΪǲܹʶ
ˣǲ鰸ģˣƤӵġĳɵۺȳ⡣
˶ˣһţаһŻ𣬶˸ں󹬶ʵۣƻȨһҪˮʯЧȡ
ƫʱ򶫳ͽǰ죬ǲ֪ء
ֹͽڽǵͷūţ
Ҫʵڲ鲻öִ˰ɡĳɵ۵
ڽǸζ
Ҳִˣ˰ǽǶɣ
ֹҪ洫һ̹ŮĿ޺УУˣʲôС
͵һ¡ѡ
߷Ҳһľ֣񿴵ڳˡ
ššüֹֿ
ֹЦøѾˣǲͷǶˡ˵꣬ʾĳɵۣϣ
˴Ҫ˵ĳɵҪǰԽڴͷ
ֹһ˴
һƤĹŮ˽ڵڡ
۶ϳŮܵĺһ䡣
ôܽ˴ⲻ
л۶ĹŮһۣ΢ǿǰһЩָǡūϵİ¶ģūһ
Ļһ˽ǾסԤϣ׶۶˵һоǰҪǿ֣ھǵѾ˲ϡ
ЦһϣݣûУʲôҲû
µԩأֹǰ
ִֹˣкζҪϣ
кζ¹پͲ֪ˣҪǡֹ۶ʾϽ˵
۶ͽڽǰǾʶһˣҲаˡ˻ʵǶ̥ǡҪˣ˻ǰͻϵġ
˵̲סֹĺ
۶һӶ˶뵽ʲô׳ŵӺϣūʵаֻԶū׺䲻úʡҪǲſԽ˻ӱһ֪
ϣѣ׵ģˡ˻⣬ﳼ檣˻ӣΪΪ˻ǰĳɵۿͷ
ĳɵۿѵһһŽ߿ˣ˻ӱҪѪף
ϡ̯ڵأĲų檣
ĳɵۼһĵģĪЩ̣еһЩҲǻͰ˻ס
Цһۿˣһ֮֮
ֹһĻиʹ죬ͻȻʲôһֱδĽڣһƽұϿһ˿Һ;£кɣսǿװƽĲ£
֮ľ֣۶˵ȷģΣһܽսİ⵹
ýǸ̩ɽǰ治ɫģ֤ʵ֮ǰҲýںùһˣԴкο
µ˵ǼٵҲû˻ţǵȲ˵ɡڵ
ֹǲ׷Ź͵Ļûһ䣬Ҳ̫Ŀ˰ɣ̬Ƚεأ
ڣ֪
ĳɵԭһƽ¾ͲһЩɣֹһ˵־ýģǲʵ۷㲻þıҪ˺ö˽ɽȥ
۹ڵϣūŲ֪
ǲ빬ǰʶĳɵʡ
ڿһۣصػϣǡ
һݣŵĿڡ
ֹɿ𣬡ϣƣԼˡ
󵨣Ȼɱޣ㾿кͼĳɵŭ⡣
ڵϣūʶλὫϣūŵϣūڽǰʶһλһһˣҪϣǻūţūŲȥӽġ
ȷʵ˵ĻĳɵˣҲΪڸýڵġ
ֹһԾæ˻ɽûи߻ϣڽǰһˣѾ˽㽫Ѿ̥ͽǺⰡ
˺ôľŲһʵɲƾƿġ
ҪŮˣҲĳɵãںĸһҲܡ
ҺȻǾʶִ˵ǰ㲻ʲô֮ôԸһˣһ˵ǱصĿִ̣ˣҲۼһһˣԸ𣿡ڽ߸ֹ
ֹǲԸģΪҪһˡ˵һֱסˣæҶǲˣ
ЦΪҪ飿
ǵĹƱ¶ˣȻҪ顣ֹ
ɺ޵ǲûвڵʲô⣬СӾһɽƧ⵰ǰڱԲϣΪ˻ûʲôĿģѾͽҲΪøߡ
˵ˣСӾǸΪȨײϵԼŮ˶ùˡ
ԼĳطøᣬοֻǸŮˣ˲£ΪĿʲôԲںûߣ˶³һܲңҲΪʲôҪֳڵԭ
ѾĳɵأٲԺôĶ֪
ڵϣΪ˲ûϸˣûִ˵ôõϵأȴŪԼȾŮ˽ǸԼڸӽԼ𣿱ûǴɣ
ɰ˻Ķһʵֹθ
ҡͷִˣ黹û壬һҧ£Ҫˡ
ֹĻҭסһʱϻ
ĳɵͷǳˣһŭȣˣʲôɺͳ
ںֹͷԲٳ
ʱ˻˱ˡ
꣬ڻ˯㣬ͻȻ˱Ƣĳɵ۱ܵľҪС첲ĳɵۺʣҪ
ĳɵϲӣҲܵҪȥ뵽ܲĶӣ۰Ҳˣһջ֡
һ۰ĸʲίˣСһҪޡ
ĸ̼ӿģæ֮ǰ֡
ѱ̫࣬С˵ĸ׻Уĸ˺£ΪҪڵϣΪҲڵϣУΪҪ˯нѣкСˣء
СһֻľģϲնҪ档
û£ʸĸһϷһ棬ȻҪһСָ§ŶӺ
һҪָŵɫˣҪˣҪָ
۵ģӺ£ȻĸȻ󸸻ҲҪġĺ
˿ֿ˿ĳɵۣٿ˿ԼСָǵ˵ͷӺɣĸͲˡ
ӵŴĶҪˣۿһЩӵСԴǿЦ⣬ãĸ
ĳɵеɺŭɢ٣꣬иģ֮ôҲ´ˣӺôãûҪֹѪףеǾЩǷĸˡ
ֹĳɵ۶ݣϽһԺŵ̫ҽԺԺ׺һȫԺףȥ׼Ѫ׵ˮɡ
һȫĳɵʾĳɵ۵˵ͷ黹ҪģǲĶӣҪ֪
һȫתȥһյĹˣһ裬ǼҩˮҩӹϵѪڻһģǹŷֻÿһε̫ҽԺԺײʸ֪
ַҲ᳣ãһǻʵ۶ԻӹʱŻá
һȫ˵ǰйǰҪָŵеӹǣָһߺ˵Żûȥ
ĸۡСһˡ
ʹڶģҲ̲סޣǿѹۣһָһѪȻס˿ڣ§Уš
һȫһۣ̾Ϣһߵĳɵ࣬ϣ˶˼壬ýɡ
ǰϣúԺūŵָɡ
أĳɵ۰ڰ֣֡
һȫ˽һۣ̫ǰȡѪ
̫ĳɵ۵ָһ£ĳɵššüδһѪУĳɵߵڼóס˿ڡ
һȫϣһӷܿó
һӵʱ䲢ڳ˵һһ붼Ǽ尾һӺܿ͵ˣһȫҪȥֹ˹ȥˮһɫʱͱˡ
лҪ˵¹¿ʼˣÿοͷдֱĥ

96¹2

ֹ, Ƭ̣۾һ, ֵڶοһοһ, ŵתͷô
Ϻƽһֱں, ƺһ㶼ѪĽֻһ˯ĸס
ֿڣ, ѯʽʵȴЦ, ʱսľȻЦó
ֲõԤУ, ²̫Ծ
һȫ߹ȥ˽, ľ˿
ĳɵȭ, ȻʣԺ, ô
ػ, ˻ӵѪڡһȫء
ĳɵɿȭͷ޿ָı⣬ȥ
, Сġæȥס
ĳɵǰһ, Ѫںһչյ˻޵Ķӣ
ػϣӵѪ׵ĽϿ, ˻ȷʵǸӡһȫص
ĳɵۻϲѣ̫ˣ̫ˣ
۰꣬ҲϣĶӣȷʵĶӣ֪жˡ
ֹĳɵ۵Ļϲлعߵ࣬ǰϵ˽ڵָһѪ
ִˣʲôʹýָŽšüĿֹ
Ҳֹ
ֹ˻ͲǻϵĶӣģѪ׵Ľôˮһ⣬ҲѪ˻ӵѪҲڵġ
һȫɫһ䣬ĳɵ۰ݵϣͷ֤ûˮﶯֽš
Ժ׺αؼű⣬벻ǵ±ֹһȫ
һȫҪٿڣȵûһԺ԰ꡣ
һȫֹһۣײٳ
ĳɵûǰϲãʵֹ̫֮䣬òֹԣֹСҪȷ鲻ͱѵһȫıͨˮֽţ
Ծûߵ£ڵϱıţƺЩ鶼޹һ
һӹȥߵֹ̽ͷȥһ͵ĺһģܵģˮ⣬һ⡣
һȫȥҲ֪ˣƫƫֹһֱ˵ˮ⣬òջ
ĳɵ۱̷ǰһڵѪûѪںһٴչüͷԺף
һȫӦǣǰ˽ЦŻصϣѪ˻ӵѪڣ˻Ѫ׹ϵ
úúã˻޵Ļʶ޲ٻˡĳɵ۸˵ƿ̣ߵǰ֣ίˣ
лϡѾˣЩˤٶס
ĳɵ۽ŵܿˣ죬ѻʶޣ㡣
ˣۣܲѾ˯ˣٱȥЪϢ̫ڳ檹Уٻػ㿪ĳɵ۵֣
ĳɵ۴˴յ֣ͷ޳ɣãԡ
л񣬽١
СĽӹڵ
ٴιȥ
ĳɵ۽ʣʲôѾûˣϽٹˣϥǡ
ִݳ۰˻Ӱҹܾ檱Ҳˣһˣ޹ʣջϲϲˣһְɽг촦ɰ˻ǻӣ㱰ڮ裬檶ҹΪ˻һ˵˵ؿͷȥ
ĳɵ۲ѣˣһûˣ˺
֪ѾڵϹ˴ҹˣǰôôȴֻ˵Ǹ뽫ҹ
ô׽½ҹҹ԰ӣ޹ʱ߷Żж檹е̹ܲ¶˻ӱϣľһеһжֻǸ𣿡
⡭ĳɵ۳ӵϲУûȥϸЩһѣŻعζҹ鿴ƶǶ飬ҪǽЩ鶼һ֡
ûҹ԰ӵϰߣֹ˵԰￪һ滨ǵ԰Ӹûʲô滨һֹ֣˹յľ߷ֹ˵ģΪȷʵкܳһʱû߷ʱޡ
ʱɫֹҲ˹УǲڹģֹҲжһʱϵ߷ִ˰ѱ֡
ĳɵһһ۵˦ִֹˣ޽ͽͣ
ֹͷƤһ飬ͨ˵ϣʡϣ볼޹أŮ˵ѽ
鶼Ƶ˻۶ϡ
۶ȫū澡ū澡
󵨼澣ʵ˭ָʹͰ˻ӣĳɵһŹȥ۶ߵڵأŭȳ⡣
۶ʹɫףȴ˲ʹͷϣūԾʵūûѡ
µ㻹ҽƱ磬˽ˡĳɵۿ
һԿźϷĽڱȭӦ£Ф˴ȥһҪִ˸ոĽҪ졣
⻰ڶФ˵ȴһֱڻ۶ϡ
۶оͷѵƵͷ̧ܵͷȥײһ˫УѣһӺͷ˿ӣ̼͵˽ŵף͵Ĵ˸սķ˸ɾ
Фһ۶Ϳ޺ŵִָʹū澵ģЩִ˽ū˵ģ
ֹٵͷһӶЩѣΣŬƽ⣬˵˵ٺʱָʹˣˡ
ͣĸ۶ʹɫǻ۶ȴûп
ҷﴲһϻӣִ˸ҵһӣҼǲסдݣϿȥҷ鿴۶
ĳɵۿڣڳФȥȡ
Фתˣûʱ㱧һСϻӻ
۶ֽӹϻӣΣϻײİó֤ݣ
Фӹݸڣڿתĳɵۣϡ
ĳɵۿƱдֵֽŭýһֹֹԼ
ֹּȻһԵֽŴһдݣû۶յģ澾Ȼûգ
µ㻹кλ˵ĳɵŭʡ
ֹ͵Ŀͷϣ۶ȷʵǳģǽȾ֮Ҳǧȷ˻ĲǻѪϣҪ찡
㻹ͽݰ˻ӣֹ㵱Ϊ޶м㣬͸˷ĳɵŭɶֶ赽޵ͷˣ¶εҳӣ޵Ļӣֹôĵӣ
ֹһĿͷϣƻϣǳԽʵں빬ǰѾ˽У˻Ӳ˻Ӳǡ
ס죡ĳɵǰһȥֹȥؽΣմն
ǡڱȭӦ£Фʾ⡣
Ф˽ֹ£˳ȥֹںФ㽫ˡ
ĳɵֿ۶澲Ҳ壬٣ȥҹ
ū澰ɣϣūһ۶ؿͷһͷͱˣĳɵһ˿ҲûУǰ󣬡ū澴ķϣȾū澣
ɫĮĿݱҲˣɰ˻ǻʼѪݹأɣ꣬ԺˣһҪɺͳЦжȹˣһӶµȥĺģʵ޷ԭ㣡
ȥʬĳɵĻŭ˼֡
۶һ֣ǰҲ˵ˣӱȥ
ĳɵٳ˵ҹ֮ҪǴȥ֣޾ġ
ǣϣ
ĳɵԷֵģһվͻỤһգĸί
һĳɵۻУ޵ޱίģЩҪԩ檺ˡ
޲ԣ޲ã޴ˣԺҲίˡĳɵ§
һȫ˸Ͻ˳ȥ
Ҳ뿪ʱ˱һһۣʮָӡ
ĳɵۻУȴһֱȥĨɫӰڣһ£ڹľ
룬ԶڵģһԼµȥֵˣôһζݵĸ飿
Ϊܹ˵ӣµŵԣֽ͵˱ߡ
ϣһ˿ڵģΪĻʾлһλãҲȥΨһ֧ˡ
վҹɫ»ͷһ߷Ĺ¹£ͬһ⣬ҫۡ
뵽ҹ֮£̾Ϣһԭԭ̾ΪֹΪȨƸ󣬾ȻԼİŮ͵ߣӪӪܸܸһһ̲źڡ
ǵģԭ˵ľҲԭֲµĴ
ԭ˵ҲһˣԼİ֮͵˻УԼһвŮ̫ࡣ
ԭһƶҰ֮أԴͱĸӵ˴ɽΪʵ̫ˣֵܽڶ࣬ʵ
˵ǣԭӽɽûжǱɽǵˣļ˷ˡ
ԭС͸ɽ֪ԼˣֱʮɽԵԻ֪ԭǶˡ
ԭ뿪ѻصĳؽҴ壬ס˴һƾɵéĸŴѧϰ˵󻹸Լȡ˽֡
ֻΪǱģһɺݾżִʱݺݷ𹥻Щľ⣬ٲҽԼĺӲܿ˵ˡ
Ӳ£Ⱥȥ˵ǻ˵ˡ
ԭŤˣһҪ˲۸Ҫһ۸ˡ
ʮ꣬ԭ뿪ܾ۴ĽҴ壬ڽУܶƣ򡢽ηʯơ˵ȵȣÿݻƵʱ䶼ÿһطᱻ·ɢϢߵ˶ϲ
ԭеǿңϣһܳΪһˡ
ʮ꣬ԭһ̼ˣͬЩˡ۸ˣ˶۸һѾ߻ÿ۸ʱӵʱ͵͵Եģڻ
ѵõĸܵһ˿ůԭϧҲܸж統ҪˣĬĬϲ磬ע硣
ŮŮڸΪŸеС㶼ȥԽԽƯòҪƫ粻ͬ⵫Ҳû취ܾٵҲֻһū澣һū澵ֻƿС
ԭ֪Ҫ˺󣬷ǳҲǳѹҵ磬粻Ҫ޸ˣȴ˵òޣԭſ޵ô磬һͷҪߡ
ҸᣬʰһЩֵǮĶҸڳ뿪籾Ͷԭ⣬һ˵ڴӦ
ԭܿ뿪˸̼ң֮·;˳Ϧദܿ¶⣬˽
һһһ·ʱ䵽˾ǣ˾Ǻʣһӣԭһƣ硣
ֻǵ˾ǺԭԾûѱˣ֮Թ࣬ܵҲǰˡ
ǮĻԽԽ٣ۿ˾Ҫ¶޽ͷʱԭſҪ̫빬Ϣ
ԭÿ˵Żʹθη⣬Ȩ죬ͶԻʹ˻㽣빬ȻŹᣬǽ̫࣬Ҳ壬ֻҪܳΪˣԸκδۡ
뷨˵ˣһ㣬ధҪԭħѾٹ̣ĻΪһٿͻı䣿ŵƾͻٻҲ˵
ڶգ绹˯뿪ҽ˹һ̫ࡣ
ѰԭȴҲҲεڽϱȣҲʱ֪С
֪ԭһѾ̫ȥˣеĺӾΨһѪҪΣҲǶһ
ԭƺǻʹϣúԵɺϾ˶ǰΪӣӴ˳һλ緭̣ҵ
̶ʱ䣬͵Ȼԭ
ԭһ»վǰ̥һ㣬ԭĶٻ
ΪԭȥģԭһҪӵԭǲԭȻ˵Ҫ빬źϣö衣

类⽹ۡ
ԭûбֻ˵ԸĻˣȱľˣǷЩˡ
ԭҲûϵ羹ȻӦˡ
統ʱֻһͷʱʱԭһԭܻͷٻصߡ
ֻû뵽һȾһ
ԭԸİŮ˻˻ʵ۵غΣΪȨĶʱһ֮֮ϵʢΪʵĵָĿģմѪ޾ɱ¾
ֻԭ³ãĳɵ۹»ʵǻ˵˼ҳֽգڰٹٺͰյʹбʬ
ʵۣ޲ʹԭ·ߵĹҲҪʳԭĹѪƤ⣬ֻ磬Ǹ걻ԭ乬ɥ֮ʹεŮˣӶȮһһٳԭƤ⣬ڻʧʹޡ
ԭҲۼһ̲ų׻򣬾Ϊ˴뱲ĥɵŮˡ
ԭһͶ̥Ļᣬ꾴׸ϵͳһҸ
лҪ˵Ȼеǧ֣
ؿһӰǸ磬һ⣬500ڣÿλڴ򣹷֣ó400֣ҵѧһ赸ʦ̵ģȻҶû֣
Ҳȥˣϣ淢ֵĶ߲Ҫdissҡ

97¹3

ʺˣϲȸ춯, һʺѾ, æٽ᣹ڽ, ȥʺ
ʺһ˳ָ̧ͷ
ʺշ, ʫšʮͣòӸλһ, ﲻЦʱ˲Ρ
ϲȸĸŮС, ϲȴǸȵģռüƺ, ʺһ߱ױ̨ǰȥ, һʣ˺£
, ִֹ˱ΡϲȸСء
ʺһ, ʱ֮£
ֹĸ, ôö˶˵ľͱΣ
ҹʱ֡ϲȸ
ʺšüҹʱ֣˺´գ
ϲȸױ̨ǰ£һᷢһ߽һһʮ, Ѫ׵Ľ, ˻ϵѪڣ֤˻ȷʵǻϵĶӣ״ִݺ, л۶ĹŮҲ󵹸֤֤꣬ȫִ˵Σϵּն
ʺŭֹôΪβ뱾ٶ֣ݾ߲˵˷һ͵ʴףֱˡ
ϲȸ֣ͣٸͷ²Ҳִ³֮һϲ
֪ʺջױ̨ţһֺþȫˣҪǱ죬ʱεľĸӺͽ˹ˡ
ϲȸͷԼǣִ˻Ǹ˵㣬ļıԶǣ
Ϣֳȥһһȫʺһŭѹ£Ը
ϲȵʣǻɺԺˮﶯֽţ
ֹȻ޴ðôķȥ֮±ģѪȴ֤ʵ˻ǻϵĶӣбΣֽܶŵֻкһȫû´һȫһ㱻ˡʺ˵ųϲȵ֡
ϲȸӵݸǣūȥ˴š
ʺһһųСˡ
ĸĸĵڣֲĻ˷ܼˡ
һ߸һЦĸ͸ϷҲһˣǵ𣿡
ˣ͸ĸָϷ˵ȥұǸָĸأ
ùСֿ˿һС㣬ʣ۵Ļĸ
ˣӺӺŲֱۡͦС
ɰСģЦˣһСӣ谮ԣСӺˡ
䣬⼫ˣڴʲôĸ׵ʣĸأ
гҪعȥˡҵķ
ŶһʣǺʱٺ͸Ϸ
ҪǹԹԸ̫Ļ˶þͿˡһ߸һһһպ
ɣѾһˣǻӿվǸĺӣ˵飬ߣƽ谮ҲΪԶŷĹ顣
ššСüͷӦãһú顣
СһԵ
Ըϴã˽ˣ˽Ĺ̫⹫ͷ࿴˰˻ӣκ֪һ
˵Żóһĺɰ⹫С
⹫Цˣģ˻ϼΪأۼһźġ
治İ˻ӣβּӻ߷ס⹫뿪ٷ޵·ϲʡ
һһţļʶվǳЩ°˻ӸűСѧ˱оֹȥԺЦǻӣͨˣŻϵĳ谮Ժʧ˳裬ܻ˻ǵÿԸ
˵ĸ֮ӱΪԶҲΪһԶŲĸһԵ֡
޵ū澶̼ˣ˻Ϊĸףǰĸ¡
컹û˵ϣĸ¶Ѱɡ
ּȥ˵Ựʱĳɵߵ¹
Ƭ̵ͷˣ±ȥ
ŵȥĳɵ۵޹
һմնֹʣڣĳɵ鴦նֹ֮¡
ڻصūŽ˾֣Ǹ̵ĺӡ
գ˼Ƭ̵ãǱ㶨գǶնһҪۿֹնף޷ܳڶ
ڱȭӦ£ūּ
⣬˵ĶԻ˽еӣûнȥ
½ͨϣﵽˡ
ðĳɵ¶Ц
ںʶȤĵޱķԸūиˡ
ȥɡĳɵ۳֡
һתȥߵſڣ˽ӭϣڱȭһݣ
ض񡣡֡
˿ߡ
ɫƽٴǰ߹ȥᵽϵĵ÷㣬еָս
ѩʱ÷ңɺˣ͸㡣
ţ磬лл㣬Ժһÿ춼ϡ
ãҪ˴ҿɲ㡣
ˣٴᵽϵ÷㣬ֽǸҴˣʲô˼
ĳɵЦų֡
ʩʩȻ߹ȥϱĳɵһ˻һȵϣһæҪϣɣѹ
޷Ѿްˣ˵ޣͰã˵˵ĳɵ§ס
һɬʶſڿȥĨɫӰȻ棬ʱΪ鼫ˣҪ檻˵ɣ⡢ⲻϹء
ӣ˵ϹؾͺϹءĳɵ۱ˡ
ʶȤĽŹˡ
ȴܸоĨͦθߴӰ棬һֱû뿪ҧҧеҲקøˡ
ȷʵûߣںФ˵һֱڵ⣬˵˵Ҳˣѹ˿ʯͷһޱܣҪһ㣬սȳ
뿪ûãʺˡ
ʺõڣĳɵϣһ˦˹ȥ꾫Ҳ̫ˡ
æҪȴĳɵֹˣ𶯣ްѳԡ
ǣϡ˻ʺһֻۣ˻ȥ
ʺһǰ񣬡檲μϡ
ɡĳɵ۽ӹݹѣ֣ʱôˣ
ʺֵһ۲վص˵ҹ߷£һŵõϢæϣû°ɣ
µ𣿡ĳɵ۶ԻʺѾûжٸ飬վǷޣеճӣٻҪЩġ
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ˣҪȻȥæȥ㡣ĳɵ۲ͷ
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ɵ㣿飿ĳɵŭ֤֤ڣ˼ԩ
ʺŵùڵϣ檲˼ϣֹԻĹһ򣬳檶˻һ飬Ľֲһأ
ĳɵϺݺȥֹ¶ıޣͨŮͰ˻ӣ֤ȷ䣬˻Ǹӣһʵʺȴһٶ˵ֹģɵѪ׵ĽǾѾӹֲҼ飬粻𣿡
ʺδôĻڵɪɪ檡ҲΪ˻ϺãѪͳݻһݲĻڹУֽ˳Ц
Ѿ˵ˣ˻Ӿ޵Ķӣ޲ý˻ڹǳЦ޾÷Ϊ˳Цĳɵָŭ޲Ҫټ㣬޹ȥû޵ּ㲻׼̤Ű벽
Ҫ㣿
ʺš
ĳɵۼҪڣŭȳ⣬޹
ʺҧס˸ͷ뿪뿪ǰݺݹһۣҪ̻ˡ
ŵö˶
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лϡмС
ʺص޹˺ܴһͨ𣬽ڵĶ˸ϡãˣǸˣȻñϳ㣬Ĳ
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ϢŭϲȵȰ֪ͷϣΪλҪִ飿
ʺŭֹǱĸҪˣ⹬лк̣
Ϳûִˣﻹ̫ӵ£ֻҪ̫ڣûͷһ𣿡ϲȵѵ
ʺ뵽Ծŭɢ˴룬ûһ֮ĸ̫ӣֻҪ̫ӵǻ̫ʲôÿվʱǻҲǱһ仰顣
ѽ̫ӵѾʮˣɰ˻Ӳ꣬ǧҪסֻҪ̫ӵǻʲôҲˡϲȵȰ
ʺͷһָյĶׯȣ˸ҵ޷˵öԣǱˡ
Ҳǵֳţ˵һȫʲôҲ鲻żˣһ뱣סֹû뵽ԼˮֹѾˣû취ȣٳ嶯ֻҪ̫ӻڣӮҡ
뵽⣬ϲȵԸȥ̫ӣֺ˵㣬ǰȥתתñ
ūȥ
Żʺĳɵ۳𲢱֮ºǸЦ⣬ֹѾ˻ʺţֻҪһѲĳɵ۳˻ʺûһ֮ĸĸ׻ţ̫ӵĴ֮λҲȡ
ʺȾѪȴδܵõӦõıӦΪӵϻʵۣΪŮˣĥҪΪЩϵ޹һ
һˣ·ܿ˳š
߷
ϽЪЩЪɡһ߸ж·ϵһߵ
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ȴʱŵ˫ˣٵĶɫ磬ȥߡ
ǣȻҲ˴һۣθϡ
ɢ˹ˣԷ߷
ӺͣһĹǰȱ
ǣӦ´ȥһڰĵط
˷¹վһͦεӰŵŶӰڵͶһӰҹ紵ϵ÷㣬еĽһһ
ˡڲûת
ͣԶλãŬԼƽˡ
м㡣ڵ
ǣʰ˻֮°ɡ
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ʵǵĺӡܴԭ֪һӣǸӱʺˣᵽӣԭδɢ
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ֹȻ˵㣬ûѪͳӣ빬ǰĻУԲԣת
ǰ绪ǧˣˮˮһ㣬ΣΣôˣֻԼֺйˣ
磬ҶԲ㡣֪һԲ޷ֲԭɵ˺úõ˵ԲΪԭһ˵֡
㵵ĿȻ˵Բˣô꣬ΪȨƺ͵Ķ裬ֻ֪һζȡδܹǷʹ࣬ɽҹȻǸˣ
Щţǰ˻ǸȨٻɱ˫۵Ķ
ε֪˺ܶĻ£ҶԲ㣬ҲԲǵĺӣ磬Ҳԭ£㣬һ취ȥȥӡ
˵ʲôǰһ˺£ǲǳʲô£
⻰ôڽһУǵľͷǲ׻ͷģƽ̫һˡ
ɽĳɵһ죬δŷʲô顣
ҡͷʲôҲûУֻǺˣڵϣЩûˣһ̣ͻȻ˺ܶܶ࣬뵽һ飬ڵľǽ
ʱԵһٶԸһʵ˰ۣҲôʹĥ
磬̫Ĵ£ֲϣü
Ѿ޳ˣȵˣȻȵһˣүĵýڻתˡ
ˣ⹬ͬһֻеÿһ춼Ǽ尾ĥδһٷɳȥڵķС
ʹһȥᣬҲ㣬һվڹǽ֮⡣
һŵġص
ټæӰ߳ӭȥôȥôã
˵˻ӻȥɡ
죬Ҳһɣɵʣʲô£ôˣ
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ڶվã뵽ʱ˵Ǿ仰
˻ȷʵǻϵĶӡ
˹ǣǾʵۺˡ


98¹4

̲εͷŵù
ФǶ֮նַ, ǰм仰ҪԷ˵Ƕ°ɡ
ǣͷ䶼ȥ
Фſڡ
ڶߵѺֹη, շ, ȨĽָʹֻȴǱͬһ
˹, ɱҵ𣿡ֹڣӵ嵽űߣŭĿ, ҹǣѪͳ, 㲻ú
һ޹, ֹ, , û취ҹ, ڻѪͳ, ̫ҽԺԺѾ֤ʵ˻ӾǻϵĶӣ˵һ¶, ݳͻӵ, 𣿡
ˣе¶ģûԩһ˿, н³ҲвĽԹκˡ
һԼɱλϣǵĹƲóѵģһǵıִףʱһһңֹĿָŽ
ڵһЦֹ֪ľΪʲô𣿡
ֹȻҲ֪
Ϊ˻ǻϵĶӡڴյ˵
ֹһţܣƭң˻ӲǻϵĶӣܣ
Ų㡣ڲ˵ת뿪
ֳֹ󺰣һ˵ô£˵
ȴû뿪ηֹЩδ׵¾ŵظȥɣ
ʱֹնʾڣ󰲳ȨһʱּҾʹܡ
ֹûװ˻ǴģΪŽںһ¹һӣǸҪǲǰ˻˭ȥ
ϣո߷ﲡˡĳɵ
ĳɵ۷ӣʣˣôᲡˣ
ūҲֻ֪˵˾ţҹ﷢˸ȣһֱ˲һȥĸ̫ҽûĸﶼպͿˣŮŻˣŲϡ
ĳɵôˣȻһȫȥƹ𣿡
û
ĳɵһȫȥ߷ڼ߷
ǣϡ
߷ѾҳһţŮ̫һæеСѾſˣǵӾҪûˣ߷ĶҲ͵ͷ
ߣһֱʪӸӽ£̫ҽ⼱ת
̫ҽ׵λҪԺ׹ΰɡ
λݲûлϵּ⣬ȨԺΡ̫ҽҲͬ
ʹأԺֻʵۡʺ̫̫λﲡگԺﲡó裬ҲûʸԺΪΡ
̫ҽһǣҪǻϹôǺã
̫ҽ̾ⲡҲ̫̫ˣʵûôô׵֢״޴ְ

סֵūȥѰ˻Ű˻Ⱦأ
ģСҪͬ⡣
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ĳɵ۴źһȫһĻͷͻȻ;ˣǰôˣ
˽Թ񣬡μϡ
ĳɵߵߣһ㲣̶һҹһδһȦ۲ѡ
ϣˣҪٲǲˡ˵һԹ¿޵
ĳɵȣ˵︣󣬲µġ
лϵĸӣﲻ¡ͷ
յһŲĺ죬ѵĳĳɵ֣ϣôˣ檲ǲҪ·æΪС·񣿳û£ȥɡ
ҲǴ£Сأĳɵסֺ֣̣һȫȸΡ
ֻܾλԺﲡҪ֪Ҫ˹صġ
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һȫҩһЩ֢״ʱʼĲ
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Բ٣ʺȷʵͰ˻жҪ̫Ӽλ˻ǻɡ
ôһֱ̫Ӹ̫࣬ҲвŻʮܸϽҲТ˳мӣ԰˻ʮ۰ʺ֮ʵӦǣ̫ӣֻҪúý̵̫ӣ̫һݵ°˻ӵġ
뵽⣬ĳɵ¶ɵЦҸһҪú̫ͬ˼Ρ
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ͱΪ̫ˣʮˣǧ谮г˶϶Ǵ󰲹һξҲΪģûԼ̫һᱻϡ
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ʹֻӣһ̫֮λͲӰˣ

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ʳֲܶʳǣÿЩȡ
̫µĹΣԷ±վһԵСư죬ЦСӣҲ𣿡
СӵҲѡ飬ϲƽʲôóԵĺĶ
СǸ̰СӣһԵľȣ˵ֻС۾Ѿʳϣһͷ˻ӣūȡ
߰ɣһȡСӸ˵ߵǰ⹫ȸСһ롣
⹫֪Ͷ˸ãЦӦãʢһСӣȻŸʢ
СӽӹȲĴڴڵĺ
ЦŵСӣЩȣǺˣ⻹ܶأҪǲ⹫ʢˡ
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ˡ˻ӣūšūŶӺ۰СŶֱʱ³һںѪȥ
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ĳɵ۷վɫ䡣

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ĳɵһĳɵǰ޺ϣų檺ɣʹĸҲȥˣȥҪɥȪ
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99¹5

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һʷϡ, Ѿ¶֮˲˳
Ф潫ᵽĳɵǰǻһ̫࣬⹫Сӡ
⹫ŵֽ, 촽䶯žǷ
ĳɵŭһŽСߵڵأ˻ӣ̫, мԴ޿ģ
̫Ӹ»̫Ϊ, ˵ˣǲԸš
СӴӵ, ˲ʹ, æūû̫ӵ, ̫ӵ¸ūŵĶҩû, ūŰѶҩǰǿù, ţҩڳһ֪
Фȥҩ˳̫ҽһ, ǰ˻֮
̫ҽֶвû, ֻҪԺδǺ˴ı֪Ļ˭
ȥ飬Ҫ֪֡ĳɵ
Ӧ£ФŶҩˡ
ʱ, ФϣѾ鵽ҩˣǹеˮ̫СӣÿնʹһˣǶҩ֮ʱһΪʰҩģ˲
ǹūģĳɵŭʡ
ФصūȥüʱЩҪڣūžȻһѾˣʡ
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ФСӴĳɵǰ
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Сһ϶֣ɢ۽һɨø֮ϵľ֮æſͷϾȾūţҪɵūڡ
˺ǵɱڣĳɵʡ
СӵǳūȥһֶҩûʹҪɱūţ˵ʲô¶ˣūڵ֤ҪǶĴ˸ϵūžûˡ
ĳɵսȭͷ
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ĳɵŭȣūţ컯֮£ڹף˭ĵӣ
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100¹6

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ϲȵ˨̼, ҵͷȫʪˣһЩճϣѪˮµΡ
Ѫܵıһܹ, ݺݳϣ˺һʹ͸Ƥ⴫ȫЩҧһ
ʹ֮, קȭͷҧ, Ӳסˡ
ʩ֮Դ˳ЩȣһŮô̾Ȼס, ˸߿һۡ
ֻͷ˿Ů˵, ϧһд, ͣ
Ҫٴӳȥ, Ų, ͣ¶תͷȥȭ񣬡, Фͳ졣
Σڸʡ
Ѿ̾, û죬ģūŽҹǲ˯Ҳڡ
ڿϲȵ, ˣȴʮּᶨһʱǲɿڵģв̾ʺԾĸӣµֶһ֮˶ĹĽ
ֻа취겻ȴδŵùԼ
ڰֵˣȵɣҲ˰ˣȥЪŰɣ˴ηܡ
ǣ
һת뿪һ߳Фѿص˳һ롣
һ룿Ф治⡣
ڻָһ˵ĹŮô֣
ǡФӦתȥ
ϲȵηڵϣڵ˺ðŻָһּᶨ˼֣ʲộὫʺ󹩳
ҹԽԽη￴ص˶˯ˣҲ˯ȥηа쳣ֻż͵ȼʱ΢졣
ϲȵҲˣϵ˿ʹʵ޷˯ҧţͷٴβһܵĺ顣
ϲȵʱ˻
ϲȵɻʱ˭ϢôʱһŲû
ѵתͷȥηվһʮˣһеİɫ̫ϲȵһ۾Ϳ̫࣬Ϊкӡ
ϲȵ˿ܣʣ˭
ǻʺġѹ
ϲȵһʺ֣ͷϵʹⶼü˲٣ʲôҲûУҾҲ﹩
ġ˵
ϲȵǿǲǻʺҴ
ûЦŵͷ
ϲȵæʣ˵ʲô
Ҹ㣬̫Զ塣Цų֡
ϲȵѵ˹ȥǰ
俴һۣηһѹסĲӡ
ϲȵûϵҪгȴס죬̧ȥ˵֣ȴ˿ҲⲻԽԽѣһʹؿҲһʹ˫ȱܵŵ档
ʺ˵ˣֻ˲Ų¶ܣϲȵͱˣΪʺﾡһҰɣһһϲȵߵ
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ǸΪū澣ĵûڱУȴԼУǷ
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Χ˵ĺЦͬһ㶯ˣںһ⣬һңңжҸ
лҪ˵дˣ¸»֪дʲô
Ķʮˣûкð񵥣һҧԼ˵ƱȻһˮҲûúöˣ


1021

, 𣿡̧˷ţ溬ĵĻӦ, ֻ÷ﶼû춯, ǵˡ
ϪǣŮӹս߳ͼɷķǰվһŮӰϵЦһ˲, ת뵽ʲôָֻЦ⣬Ůǰ
橱ܵתߣ뵽ԼĿû, ·ΪÿЦ, ˴к̫̫
ͬѧ, 硣ϪҲЦŴк
ǰ, ʮ, , ۾, ͦǱθ㣬, ϻ˵ױ, ǳɫһ£ɫ߼ϥȹɫ, ɫƤЬٴһͷ̷˿ഺ
òĻǸ˶ϲڱˡ
ٿԼͱլ˻ţһؾʧȥϵı̭ҲԼɷ
ҲڴϪֻǰŮ˴һǳɫۣں°ż÷ʮֻ󣬽ΰð͹¡
쵰Բ󣬿ȥʮиƤ𪣬ۣͦıǣӣС죬Ǹ͵Ķŵˣһͷ΢ĳǰһԺǶʯļװ硣
ŮȻѾʮˣӵĸףȥҲôϣйɳŮ˵Ķˡ
һȣ橵Щ
ҲǳûƯɱȽҪ꣬ôҲûĻûسѵζǱ̭ˣûҲֻԽҵǵӶˡ
һڻ飬ȻԼġ
뵽⣬¶Цȥôˣ
ΪʲôҰְַ⣿Сʡ
꾫ϱһѰְߣһԸġ
ǵģģȰְı硣
ûϵʣһ£ʱЩѿֱϪͣǼͬѧԼҪȥ̤࣬Ҷ׼óˣɳٳٲڳҾҹ
ԽŷǷ֮룬ԱʵʱܵľЩ飬ֻûһеʱٻҪѱ湦λ
ŮվҪģɲΪƻ˱˵ļͥ
ڿΪϪ飬˿ϪĴС
˵ˣϪһֱӣûĻΪ壬ѾǴˣھ͸úŶԡ
Ϫƽ󷽵ƻûѣϽ̻ϲϲдֵʱ䣬˯ˡ
߰ɣҰְǲȥ̤ģְ˵ˣ컹ҪҺϲϲд֡˵
ĺӣ֪ԲϷ¶ʵ뷨
ϪŮ˵̵ûò
һƲͷ
Ƣ̫ˣŻú꾫ңŲò
ҪѾͷһᣬԺһҪϪѾͷƬӹңŲҪѾͷ
ģʲôʱűˣһŰ׳£ɫУɫӣŲɫƤЬĸߴһߴŹǷһ˳
ԭŶʮ꣬˧ͷ룬ʱеĦ˿һɵζȥֺʮ־
֪Ļӵĸף
ãҾã컬࣬Ůӻģȫ¶ɢ˵ЩСΪ㵹
߹ȥȵסĸ첲ڣˣҶȥ̤أ߰ɡ
ְ֣˵컹ҪҺϲϲдֵġ״Ҳܹȥס˸׵֣һƵĵ橡
ϪûֹŮҲ֪ɷ˭ߣ
ڿ˿ߵ橣ֿ˿ұߵĽԥ˵ãǲдˣȥ̤ɷɰɡ
Ϫ۵׵ϣΪУǰһŮðְֽдְɡ
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ڶţҲܺʲô뷨ʵڲϿԭһϵɧк첻ƮƮƽģθˣСˡ
۲ôС͸ûʲôøС
˵ԭԭŮͬѧҲʲôˣ֪ԭ˻ҪӬһճ
һĲ죬Ҫ橶˵ԭͷҲ˵
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ּҴСϪѾʮˣꡣ
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ⲻ棬ԭڷ飬ϪϽϲ꣬ԭ˴ѧֶϪȥϴѧˣٻϲҲˡ
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ѧ³Ǹ̳Ҫ˵ԭԭҲǶģҲὫ橴ؼ
ԭҲȷʵΪ橺Ϫˣʱ򶯾ֵúܴ
ۿԼɷͱŮ˯һ𣬻Լܲ
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ϪĵֺܵΪ㲻ƽ˰ѵͳҪԭΪּ䲻СĿ橣橱ֺΪ˱ץ˼
ֺӵϱɷ˼ͬұּеĲֺӵϱǰǷ˲ծծһҪϪծ
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ϪûӣĽĽϲȥҽڣϣܿյϸһ֮ȴڵҲûţһͨˡ
ĸŮͷ汻ߵϷ뿪˷ǡ
ΪУԭ³ȻҪжҡ
橽ģһж橣Լ滨Ƶأ㶫
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ԭԱҩӣԼϡ
֪ԭŮ˺橾ԼǰϪԼһҲϪһɨسţʼˣһзǣʼıҵĲƲŲҡ
ĲԵԭڼȻִһŮˣǸŮѾŶˣ˵ѾкҪ飬ԭɵȻ橶û¶ӣΪҴڽӴԾ橾
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1032

, ô˳°ɣʵڲģͼʾڸı⡣
Լ, ֻĸ, ǰѾܼˣҪټϪˣҪǽİʾ, һ˳Ļ˵ϪҪȥˡ
Ϫ˿Ҳó, Ҫ˵ȥˣɽǰ˵, Ҵ绰ѣһȥ, Ƕгӵ, ʱǾǵĳȥ
ֱ, Ѿʾô, ôͲأ, Ůȥѵ
Ƕ鷳ǺҲ, ǵĳεġɿõ, Ҫ橵ģ˵ãͬѧȥ, ģڣ㲻˵㻰
橼˳ɣҲϽǰ˵ģʱıǵļƻģѧɣ骣˵ǲǣ
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Ϫ΢ϣɷΪѣһǲȥˣҴۺ͸߸Ьɽһȥɡ
裬ȥѽ˵
Ųú꾫ĹƵóѡ
Ϫõܳʱ䣬һǲȥˡ
橺ɿɶһۣŮ˶˵ˣһȥˡ
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ܿ죬ԭǼλѾˣ˳ţǽɽȥ
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һɷףŮֻˣҪӣھû취ˡ
ɿͬĿ橣Ҫˡ
ˣϪУھȥҰˣֱӽͻ˽ңһ·ϣڶϪػҲû橣ŻҪصҺϷžûţɿҲһֱڷ
Ͻа㣬ҪˡҰͻϪУҶ𾪣ŽڵļһĽ
ڵ˵бҲ
û£ϣԸ䡣
ѧɺһۣˣǽתӵԭûϷˡ
ϣͽϲܵܣϪЦˣһ󣬻˵ġ
裬ҺͽǲҲǴģϲȵʡ
ϪͷԣҲǴġ
ôĶôСסôϲȻһ½ԼϱȻһ£ɻʡ
ϪЦ
ָָõĶͷ˵ϲϲµʱֻôһ󣬺ġ
ϲСԴ˼ŽĻ
СŮȵӿɽϪˣ§ŮҸˣҪܸܾܵͺˣүүܰˡ
İɣһǵܵܵġڴڽĻЦŵ
ͽϲ˹ȥְ֡
ڽ˸ֱһֱһ˵ˣ裬ȥ˯
õģְסҳְһ¡
ڻŮһ£Ƿ˯ְд֡
ллְ֡õСָ˵ˡ
ϪĵĳǺЩˤˡ
ģСŮŴ⴫ŲԽԽԶ
ϪϹų谮Цʶ϶ӣ뵽ʲôĽڣô֪һǶӣ


1043

˵ǶӾһǶ, ͱϹˣ塣ڸ˱ˮݹȥ, ˵
ϪЦһ, ӹˮţˡ
뵽£˵ȥӽ橡
Ů˾Ȼ񶾵Ϫɽ, ҪʱעϪĶ񲻾óˣʱϪûºҲûˡ
Щ޷
ϪˮĶһ٣űӷ, ֽűأӽǲûеȥ橣
橵֪кɫȷʵ, ȻܲܣҲ, ͽ, ڱǳŵʲô, ͻȻ, Ҳÿ, ôܣ
ڹȻܰ橣Ϊǡ
ҲܰڣҲʧȥ, 뺢ûи, ԥҧҧڵڣǿɲԲ飿
ţ˵ʲôһ±, ôúõ˵ˣ
ϪɫΪѾҪ飬ǰ룬ԲŶôãѹˣ֪ϲͬѧһҲ㣬ȻѾµʱµᣬᳫһһޣҲͬѧһ򡭡
˵ˡĴĻ
˵ĶʲôԽ˵Խˣֵôˣѵ˭
ҪΪİȫôͳôһ߰Ļ
ϪˣæǸԲҲӦ뷨ĻɣܲܵҰѺ룿
ҪкͰѺڣŮߡ
ǰ仰̹˵㣬ΪʶԼĴ󣬿ֱҪˣվֺͨ˵У˵ˣ̧ˡ
ȥӰϪίҲƲסһѾһˣΪʲôССҪҲܴӦ
ְֶŮҪ飬ְֲҪˡ
ԽԽܣʹһ
ڻصԼķҲǲʹ죬ѵûԣϪȻô᣿
ȻòԣЩˡ
橣˯ɣˣֻΪŮ˻˲ŻõģǸθеˣٲϲŮˣҲҪԺӸԲԣɿɴŹǷȰ橡
橿һ磬۾ˣйһͨһЩɿ˵Ҳ϶ΪӵԭŶϪõģϾһֱҪӡ
ɿɣ˵ҪŮ˶ĺûˣǲǾͻˣ
䣬ͽమʲôҲ赲һ
ɿһ橣ʲô˼
ɿɣҲܾڰңҲںŮûиģһҲʹ࣬ڰڣҲڰŮˡɿɣҲԼֻкԼϲһŻҸϪҲҲҵһˣ£ȫˡ
ɿɿʣô橣Ů˵ĺŪ
ǸӸӦϣһ˴ĺӳǸҲΪ˺Ӻá橶ԼĻƭˣԣΪ˺Ӻá
ɿҲǸûûģΪĹǣ˵úеҪô
ȥҽ̥ҩķŵŮ˵ҩ֪ˡ橵ɿ˵
ɿɵͷá
գɿһͳȥˣ˼֣ȥһ¿ҽݣܺãҽݲſҵû죬ڸ㿪ҵѸ˲ѪѹѪʲôģͦˡ
߽ȥתһȦлкŶ˵һУӣûʲôҩԴ̥ģ
ԴӽµļԪ󣬴Ҷ³Ůӵĵλõǰδеߣʲô̥ǳ£һɿҲˣӰ쵽
Уλ̫̫йҩҩݣʹҲ٣Դ̥˼ֳܡ
ɿʣĸ죿
һЧ١һָ
ɿ˵Ҫˡ
Ӧãװ
ɿɸǮҩˡ
橣ҩˡɿɻصҵĿͷҩ橡
橽ӹһָ׸ǴСһҩЩɣôЧ𣿡
ҩҩЧǿģôСһҪʮǮءɿɵ˱ˮȲ˵
橵ͷģҺͽڽ˻飬һġ
лл橡ɿɸ˼ˡ
ôͽ橾Ϊ̺ô
ҩ͵͵ȥ˳ҽĺŹһϣȾͺõòˣֻҪߵ̫죬Ѿоʹ⡣
緹ʱչûжˣֻһڰҩϸ͡
ܺãڳվһ£ϸ˾ͳȥˣϷһ밾õҩϽ߽ȥССҩŽҩӽһ£Ȼ׼뿪
ʲôֻҪתʱǰȥϸ˵
飬ŵòᣬ˵ҡ緹ûûԱûгԵġ
Ҹոտ̫̫İ̥ҩ˶ʲôϸ˲Ļֱʡ
չأ˳ƹӣϪޣϪģһң;Ů˲Ǹˣһֱողȥ˵㶫Ů˾ͽ̫̫ҩﶯֽţʱˣ򻹲֪̫̫ô
ûϵ¾ȻӿˣôܳϣûУҲ֪ǽ̫̫İ̥ҩֻǿһ£ûŶ˵ҪߣҪˡ
㲻׼ߣ̫̫ҩŶ뺦̫̫첻ѻ˵㲻׼ߡס
橼ˣֵ̫¶Ҫˣʱִˣ鼱֮£˹һ£ֻ뿪
ϹվøɽƵģȻ˿
˰˰˸̫̫¶Ҫ̫̫ӳɤӾͳ
һܿͽ˸ˣǶΧ˹˽Χס橾ǳ˳Ҳɲȥˣ亹ֱ
ܿ죬Ϫˣû˯ã۾ЩףҲԵЩ㲣һۣʹӣʲôˣ
̫̫ҸոտСİ̥ҩ˶˵
ʸڷϣûţˣҿǽĿˣǽҾԴ˵𣿽̫̫ڹܼҵģȥڻʲô棿
Ϫһۣ˵£ʲôӣ
̫̫ʵǰҪܣҲ˽סġ˵
橼Ļ嵽ϪЩˣֻ˵Ҫȥ죬ӣ˵ģڽ̫̫ҩ˶ײҧһڲǡ
԰ֻҪҧ̫һڣһжƵ̫ϣʱڳҲֻ̫ˣûƾû֤ģ̫Ҳû취
ֱЦź̫̫ʮˣôẦӱˣûôûûƤŮˣ˵ɷҲˣ˶»Ƹˣ̫ɶˡ
Ц˵Ǿ͵Լˣۿ̫̫ҩ˶ʲôͲ֪ˡ
̫ҪʶͲپţ˶
̫̫Ա٣ҲµġӳϪ˵
ŲᱻŮǣűߣǵðٴЩźãʱŮôƱ硣
橼û˳˼·ߣʱͼˣʲô٣¾ͱ٣ǽҾͲִճ𣿡
ӣûٵʱ򡣡ϪҲִ󣬽ڷͷ˼ңָմѧҵҪҷݺùؼʱӰ쵽ڵ
橿ϪǸµӣˣֻҪ̬ԷŴ˵ϪضᱻԵģĿ˹һۣ̫ţӲôȴǸ˰
Щɸ֣̫̫ӴŮ˶Ҫ¶ĺˣôţôҪԴġ
Ҿù˵öԣӦñ١ʱһ
˿ȥǽˣͬһĻѧɡ骺ɿ
ϵĵ⽩סھȻ̫ͬŵĻҪ٣
Ϫ˽һۣջߣȻʧ䡣
뿪󣬾ҲûлȥҲûһͬ緹Ȼ
ͬӵĻ٣һ׵ģ϶ǹԩ橣Źûԩˣ橶ʲôӿˣӲֿģ橱ϾǽļϵˣһάҪִҪΪ橣һ
ȻѾעҪ飬ҲûҪϵֵôһߣպҲ
뵽⣬˵ñˣһǹӿͬѧ
̫̫Ӽˡ
ϪͶȥһҪ˵ˣҩȾˣҲûʲôʧ̫ѿ
̾Ϣһûٳ
ȴ֪þգýģ˳ˣʮ㣬°˵̫̫һǲװɣˣңҪǴȥ˻ôңҵжӰ죿
С˵¸ôȽϺãϪʡ
ָŹ˵ҵǸ
ǼеˣҵĸС㿴ҵķϣԭһΡϪǰǽҵŮˣû̺ܽˣСǿˣίкܣСǸɡ
ͽǲҪ飬ڶǽҵ̫̫ҵŮˣǽĿˣŮ˳ƽϢ¶Ӧġ
ޱʹ죬ȴôý̫̫ǸأȻ̫̫˵ҲͲ׷¾ô˰ɣ
ôܾôأ߹ǲĿϪһۣת橣Ȼԩͱصûײǣ岻գ˵ҽҹزϣ²
ǸϪָ˵ˣڻѵһҪһ͵Ĺ橵ǸУ
⻰ֿ˻֪ģװһͻ˵ˣҲΪѣܵίûʲôģùǸˡ
Ϫίģۻˣ˱˵ҵǸ
ܵίûʲôֻҪҪٹ̫̫̫̫
ϪἫˣһŮ˲ɷ³ԼҲˡ
ѽֹ˹ĶѾ˹٣ȲٵǸҲ١
ʲôϵĵסڱˣ
æŵ̬ڣˣһС˵˾ˣòűٵġ
ɿҲŵñɫҪı˹٣ҲѲ˸ϵ
¶Ӱ죬Ҫȴܼ֡
Ҫ˵ʲôȰڸı⣬ʱܼҴżƷˡ
תЦŴк⾯ĳļҪ鷳ˡ
˵ʲô鷳Ϊǵְ𡣡⾯֣Ȼʣʲôֳ
˵̫̫İ̥ҩ˶Ǿְư
永Ա˭⾯ʡ
ָָ橺͹ָϣһʱҲֱ治壬Ҫ鷳⾯
У˶ؾְɡ⾯˵
һҪȥ֣ȷץס˵ᣬҲûͲȥˡ
ᣬۿµҩԸȥ֡ȴ
ҪŮ˵Ŀ֪̫̫ЩʲôίҲĺӣô飬ΪŮ˲ܲԼӡ
橼ͷ󺹣αҪִҶ˵ǿˣҲͱִ˶Խҿûʲôô
С㣬𣿡Ӳûбƫ۷žֱ
橲ӣƲͷҡʲô
Ȼ¾͸һؾȥɣǾеǰ취˵ʵ⾯˵
橱뵽Щп̷ŵֱ£ҲȥҲҪȥڣҲȥ֣˵˵Ҳȥ
£⾯ỹ׵ġЦŰ
橼ˣҲȥҲȥ
̫̫ҽݵĻҪС㡣ʱһ˴һˡ
ɿɼҩǵطĻƣŵֱȺ
ʣʲô£
Ǻȥ̥ҩС˵ˣҩðãʱԱţɶһ˷ҩ»Σա˵
̥ҩС㣿
˵߶ɿɡ
Ҫ˳ȥ뿪ɿĽܵҵߣ񱻶סһҶ
ڿɿʣȥ˴̥ҩҪ̫̫ĺӣ
Ҳңȥģֻǰҩҩµģҵ£Ĳҵ£ץҡɿŵһȫ˵˳
Ӽִףǰ˵ûԩۿŽ̫̫ҩҩ
ҿҩݻƽӹҩᣬ˵д̥ҩСҽС㣬㲻˵㻳˲Ҫô˵ģ
̫̫ȫȻ֪飬ҪǲǶҩҷ˺ô󹦷Ų鵽СǽҵˣҶ֪˭
ڳлл
˵˾䲻лתˡ
ڿ橣㻹ʲô˵
ҡҾһʱϣԺҲˣڣԭһΡ橼޷ٽƱ磬ֻ÷ŵ̬ԭ£Խڶĸ飬һȥġ
Ѿԭ¹һˡ
ס˵ʲô
ɽϣ̫̫ɽ뺦Ҫǰֹ㣬̫̫ѾûˣͬѧһװʲôҲ֪Ϊڸģû뵽ȴִ򣬾ٴζ̫̫¶֡
ڿʣԭһѾˣһһҪԭ𣿡


1054

, ЩΪ㰡మ, Ů˵м, ǲһֻҪǲһ𣿡ߵǰץסֺ˫ȴЦ
ĻڳĿɿڴ, Ϫָǽڶˡ
һ˦ʣΪԾҪɱ, ҵĺӣ橣İδҲ̫ˡ
ЩƵڵ, ˵ɰľһ
ҳ, ȷʵЩø, вѧ, Ըÿ, , ЩĵطҲ֪㾹һ񶾺, Ϊһ˽, ȻҪ˸ĴۣϪĺƾʲôҪΪĸ
ǿǻôµ˶֣иͺӶֵ, ҽ͵ˣ橣̫ʧˡʹĵ
橿ڣΪ̫˲˴£̫һˣԺ󲻻ˣҡ
ҲˣһˣԲ㣬ܲ˺ݶݶҾú¡ֹǰĶ橣ȻʶԼĴȥֺú÷ʡɣҪΪԼΪ۵ġ
橼˾飬߳ŭأѵһҲû𣿡
дҵȻдҴڲӦò޶ĸܣ滨ƵأҴûоһɷΣûбչ˺ҵӣЩҴ˲ʶ˲壬äϹ֪õŮ˾ߣȴȥ黨ǲݡ
ҷµĴһȥֲ橣㷸µĴҲֻԼȥеû㡣
ԭѾΪԼµĴ󸶳˲ʹĴۣͶ̥תĻֲԼĹҲӦΪԼĴ򵥡
ѣӦˬûӵõ
橼ת̯ڵء
⾯˴橺ɿɣĽڵļӻͷ𲻻̵ʶԼĴʵѵãԺúö̫̫ĺܲ
л⾯һġصͷ
⾯Ϫ˵ͷˡ
ѧɺ骶һۣﶼǲ򾪣Ҳûϵ橾Ȼô񶾣ȻҪŮ˼ֱ̫ˣ˾ţͽ˵طȥˡ
ǶɢȥӸ˵̫̫ȥ㰾̥ҩҪƣ㲻ǸŮ˻˱ֽء
Ǹ˰¶˻Ů˵ĿѻŮͽָ֣ճãν¹ѻֻҪǽȥ˲ܷʲôĳοлŮܵˡ
Ҫ˵ֻͷŮ˾ɱͷҲΪѾˡ
ˣûµģٰһ밲̥ҩϪº͵
ͷǣ̫̫
˶뿪ˣֻʣ½ںϪ˶һۣû˵
󣬽ǰ˾ţطϢ
áϪ˵ͷ
صڷϪڴϣϸĵĸϱӣʣҪҪȵˮ
áϪҡҡͷԼ֣Ʋˡ
ù֣ģԲ𡣡
Ϫ̧ͷкܶʣõ𰸣ʣΪʲô˵Բ𣿡
Ҵˣǰĸܣ̫̫ɶˣҴûаĸԺһ˳һУҲǸˡڵͷڡ
Ϫ˫һˮ촽ȴ˵
ڼ˵ǰܾʲôʲô˭ҲܲңҲøκ˵Ҳùκʲô뷨ֻҪ̹У벻֪ǻ˼ˡ
һֱ㣬ʹûĻ³˼⽨䲻ңһŮ˶ãֱҲ֪κ˶Ȳ㡣
ҡչҡҡΪ룬֧ŽңչźӣûۣҲûǰԹһְ䣬ҪĬĬͲнҡ
ϪеԽԽŨ󻯳ա
ҲίģҲѹҲѪˣʱҲһ˶ޣЩίѹҪ뿪ʹ˵ֱֵһᣬ˲ΪһԸˡ
ֻҪڽңʲôԡ
̧ΪȥϵˮϧԲҴˣ֪ˣԺҲѹһһɷ򣬺øףһΪͺӳһƬ졣
СϪٸһ𣿸һĹµĻᡣ
Ը⡣Ϫֱͷ
ڽס֣лл㣬Ըԭôôɶңһٹ㣬һ
㡣ϪЦ
Ķͷ§С
ɷʵϣϪЩû㱣һ뵽ϵ£ʣΪʲôҵ
㲻֪Ϊʲô𣿡ڿЦãһǰˣɵϾȻ֪ԭڡ
Ϫ¶ǹ˵Щ
ȻأˣòԣһƵ
Ϫ̽ʣδ橻Ҫ𣿡
ҴûҪ飬ǰ䲻ңԽжٻҲ𱨡˵ôȻ
ȻԭϪ飬˵𱨣мƷ
Ϫȵҧҧ꣬ʣҲҪӽҲΪ˱ңúȥǰҫ𣿡
ȻˣҷҪɽ˺㣬ԲڿЦָ˴ţԴﶼЩʲô߰Ķ
˵˼άŮ˵˼άر˵ϵ˼Ůȴܽһһ⣬ÿֶĹѪ
ϪˣͷµĺӣҡˣԲ𰡡
㣬˻£ôʵҲڼ⸱ģס˵ֻСϪԺʲô뷨ҪҪ˵Ҳ֪ʲôҲý͸
ϪͷҼˡ
УԺˣҪңˣҪռΪУñŮ˹ȥ֪𣿡һ
Ϫ̧ͷһۣͷȥ
㲻ҪҪŮ˹ңҪģֻһ˵ģκ˶ҡ
ò˵ԭ֮ôһЩԭ⣬һԭϪڷݣһζķݶԷ˵ǰ˵˾ΪŰ
˵Щˣ˵סû
ǡסˡϪæӦ
ŷģǾͺãԺҸҲģһάǵļҡ
áϪЦˣЦۺҸ
⿴һĻĽҲЦˣֻССŬְ־Ѿ;֪ˣְֻǺиǰ;
ССпĻŨŨĳɾ͸С
Ҫȥˣڿĳѧɺʡ
ѧɵͷüˣҲûȥҹ
ǰùˡҲ˵
£Ҳûȥ˼ȥĺá
ͬǵĻҲǣҹҲҪȥҹˡ
ҴҵĲҹҲûϵѧЦ˵
ڰ֣Ҽӵĸףܿҵܵøһõδ
ѧɺӵͷ
˵˱𣬳ѧɺ骾뿪ǡ
ɿɺٳѾº˺úýȥȴ˳뿪˷ǣǵ±ֵ˱Ѿ˾֪ǴѧҵȴҲкõĵλǣԺҲк˼ҿǣ۸ڶŮֻҸ˼ˡ
ʱ䣬Ѿ˹ͺ켸˸꣬רһЩȤ⡣
ԭȻЩڽʷر츳ڹǼʶ˲ѣопṩ˲š
ڸѽǢԴ켸͸̣ǳڷǻ죬̻ú죬ʶҲ࣬ǳ
󣬽ڰϪĵֺҲֺӳ嶯㣬ϣĥһĥӡ
˽һʱ䣬ֺӵǸı䲻٣ǰϱȾ飬סּҵĲҵ
ڳ˴⣬˽е⣬ڳ˹ϵڼϱӣһŲ
ȻȥˣǶšڿ˿ֱʱˣñӺ׼°ࡣ
ĵ㣬ȥǶȥǿ¡
ǰ缸Ҳðȱһ־Ҳ˵
ڰ֣ˣһҪȥ̣СϪǵĸ㡣
һһؿһСʱ·ǶΪ㣬ֵ𣿡ߴŽڵļʡ
־ʣֵ𣿡
ֵãΪϱʲôֵá·˳ȥᶨ
һۣǾȡ
ΪϽֻ˵˵ѣû뵽ĸаˡߴҡͷԣŵӡ
־Ҳû˹ڼңǽȥҲȥˡ
ѵðѵãĻͷˡ̾
һԿûֺӸ˼ˣǰͷˡ
Сʱ󣬻ͷӽͣһǧ̵ĵ⣬³˵̡
ˣҪĸѾ׼ˣٷǵġ̻
ڵͷлл
ƽó
ڸǮŸ뿪
̾Ǹ̫̫ĺÿ춼ӷǹ̫̫㡣
ǰ̫̫øôõˡһҲ˵
˽ڿصңŸֱϪķȥ
ְְְ֣ˣڷдְֻ֣˹ȥ
ڽסЦʣԲԣûкú
ҿɹˣûһܵܽء
ϲҲ˵ϲϲҲܹԡ
ǾͺãСǣְָǴʲôˣ
Ц֣ǺóԵĸ㡣
ȥ԰ɡڽݸǡ
ӹлܵȥˡ
һԿŸŮһЦϪȥˣ̫Զˣ´αȥˡ
ԶԶҶȥ򡣡Եĸ߹ȥߣ˰װƵǰ԰ɡ
Ϫ飬һҧһڣ㡣
ϲͺáڸЦˣֻҪϲҲֵõġ
ϪһҸֻҪģҶϲ
С𡣡ıǼ⡣
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˯ˣڲȥԱӤСһͨͨͰ͵ģʵôÿȴرϲСһƽˣһúû
ڸȡ֣ȡϣԺһϲ֡
ϲܵܣӡʧȥһӣǸҲһкģ˺ܳʱ䣬ҲΪʱ²ǲʹా˼͹ˡ
ǰСкǸĵܵܣһʧõĸоҲΪеˣ費ˡ
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ȫѾƿڣͻƣȴƿ˹⣬ϹǱߵѽڵɫƷڹһһҹɫ꣬һʱ
ʮ󣬽˳ȫ̽򦣬֪ĸǷĶ١
ҲԳɼң޶ҵгɣֳ˫ǳԲ
ֺ½Ļ飬Ů̫ãΪȣ޶ӹúۣ꣬һ˫̥һĿҸ
ʮʲôҲϪ磬ǵ㼣
ϪʮȽߣǰŽڵ֣ЦһҸллӵôҾⱲûκźˣһԸٳΪӣֻǲ֪һûĸ
ֻûȢ㡣ڵ
ϪЦҡͷǰ漸ڸǺİڸ㸶ñҶˡ
ԸΪ㸶ڽֱϡ
ϪͷůģЦ˵һһ仰ҲԸ⡣
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106ĩ֮1

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107ĩ֮2

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оʱ, 춯ˡ
ֻҪĵطΣʱ, ѾûһȫĽ䡣
һ, һ, ɣµѾ, ƺַӾͻϿ
ڸšһƿˮ, ŵУȺȵˮ, , 綼ˣǱ߿϶ȡ˴ʩҸոյһ, ӽʱİȫЩˣҴȥȫ
á
ɣ΢΢ģˮ˴ƿеʵҲ᲻úˣˣǮҲ򲻵Ȼǰһ󳵣ҲҪʡŵ㣬˭֪ã
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ɥʬγǰй֮ӿʱҪǳ壬һ
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İѦůůһӣӪӪ׷ԸվĽˣΪĽĴڡ
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ɵŮ赲ɹĵ·
ѦůůӻС֣ԼԼŮֻ㣡


109ĩ֮4

ô죿֦֦ˡ
źӺŷҲһء
ȫûȥܳΧŵɥʬ, ĵʻоѵˣ, û°ɣ
û¡ɣҡҡͷ, Ҫɳȥİ쵣˵𶯣Σա
Ȼ, ˵Σղ˵ɥʬָԱߵ֦֦֦֦ɥʬҪΣա
֦֦һȫŵӾ˻, ʱǻңҪ
ŷΪʲôҪһ, һҲûУȫǷ, ֻǡ
ŭһ˫ɫС, ɣ»ѳ, ֦֦վͷ, ͷ˼¡
ֻ񣡡֦֦ʹһߴһ̧ȥ
ݵĶ㿪, ֳȥ
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ɣ½УСԴȥ˵ǻ
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һƽ쵴û˹ˣҲĳ˵ͬࡣ
˼ǣ˵Ĳˣ
źֻһǱˣǸϽӳȥ
ɣ±˰쵡
ûûֻ񡭡֦֦һ̧ͷָ챻һƤѪһ˵ʹĻҲͬѪֱޡ
ڵأ쵻ᱣǣӡ
ŷС㣬˵乫ֻˣڳˡźӱƵģ˸Ǻֲ֪űˣתŷ
ŷͷҪըˣ⻼δЩ˻ڧҲ̲ס˻𣬡ˣ˵䣬֦֦㲻Ҫˣɣ£Ҳġ
ֻҪˣұ֤쵲ˡɣ˵
ŰֻģҪ֦֦̫֣Ҳɳȥ
ָ֦֦Ҿôˣ
Ҫǲҵľ³ŷ˵
ûõĶֻĶ򲻹ôԸɥʬ
֦֦ȻԸ³Ҫ˳һߣҲɥ޾ɥʬֻܳưͿݺݵĵɣºһƲͷ
շлʰһġ
źҲ˽һۣٳ
ǸϽôŷԽԽɥʬȺšü˵
Ժ˵ͳȥ
̫ˣ岻ŷ顣
ܳƽ̹·У᫵ɽ·һôû취ǰС
ڵҪʲôܳҪԽҰͺˣɽ·ߡ
֦֦Լ˵ҩʹˣ̿ڣҪ˳ȥǣǳûȥ
˭ȥǣ㣿ŷʡ
ָָ֦֦Լ죬ˣʹܣȥ͵
źȥŷźӣźӵݸһʾýȥŷȴ˵ֻȥֵܵһӣ
źӱ㲻˵ľϵߣԸãôҶԸ
ŷŭˣǵ˼ȥ
ǻϵߣһӾͿһƬ
֦֦ЦЦ˲Уǲǻһֻ𣿡
ԶԣǲɣɣֻҪɳȥɥʬǾͿԳȥˣǳȥٷɻˡźҲ˵
ŷڣڣ˼أ
ͬ⡣˵
ҶһΪڲͬ⣬ͬҲôˬ죬û뵽ȻֱӴӦˣ֦֦źЩ⡣
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һֻĴһȺɥʬƺƵԶȥľǧһ˵ж硣
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Ὺ𣿡ŷʡ
֦֦˵ᣬУգǰ
ôҿһȷʵˡŷ򿪳˳
֦֦Ҳ򿪳˳˻λá
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ŷҲЩ֦֦ǰ˵һˡ
ҲǵĴҵİΣ˼㡣֦֦ЦŵǸ
ŷһۣû˵ʲôϵðȫ
ɣºܵģڣ׷𣿡
ԵġɫĿ֦֦һۣͷ
ɣ΢΢ģһ󿴡
˴ԼСʱſ׷Ӱ˼ˣ׷ˣһ㡣
쵷ɵúܳǷ̫õԵʡ
һֱڼǷŷɵ٣̰ԣһҪ࣬ôһûˡ
֦֦ûĻһ㣬ӿٶȡ
ɣ¿֦֦ܿðϳ𣿡
Ҫɥʬ߲ˡ֦֦װ˵
ɣ¾ǹðں׷ӣˣڰ쵷׷ǻڳ⣬˼³ʾ⿪š
ѳ򿪣ð쵽ɣ¼˵
ȷʵۻˣÿɿһ³򶼺ܳ
֦֦װûһŽŲȵף˦˺档
ɣˣʲô
ֻˣҲˡ֦֦ŷ˵
ɣɫһ䣬ģ뺦쵣
ˣ֦֦ð쵳ȥɥʬҪ쵵˼
ô֦֦һ⣬ƣ뿪Ϳ뿪Ͳ˭Ҳû취
ŷ˵֦֦ͣ
ȻҲֻĻҲƻڽе󣬶ҿ֦֦С˵־ģ
㣬һֻѣ˭֪ûбɥʬҧҪǴ˲ϳǾȫˡ֦֦һΪҺõģ
źæͣǰǿֻѾڵˣһ˲ŷɲģҸ˵ɥʬҧ˻߶ﶼɥʬǧҪðա
ŷҲһ˿ǣԥų˵Ҫˡ
ڵǾ˰ɣ
лҪ˵ºã˽ڿ֣СɰǱƭŶ

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ͬⲻðϳ, ɣºѹûٺͽ˵
ŷΪһֻ϶, , ɣǸûܵķֻҪʹСֶ, ɣ³ܺͽһˡ
ôϲڣȴû˵, ڱɣ½غֱҪɣİ, Ϊûͽһû뵽ĩ, , ˵, һڸ, ĩ, İ֮ˡ
սȭͷɣ±سڱصá
֦֦źһʹ, ǽֻ, ûܵƿǲŲǡ
ˣҸطϢһ, ŪЩԵġŷ˿˵
֦֦ͣŷĸ첲
źӴ򿪳˳¿˿ԶһٻУԽ˵ȥŪʡ
ΪʲôýȥûܣҪɥʬô죿ŷź˵
źЦҪеðɣ򲻾ƿˣ
ȥڵ
ŷڣһȥ
ˣҺȥ뷽㡣ɣµ˵
ɣ˦ֱˡ
Ϣһ£Ǻܿͻ˵æ׷ȥ£ȵҡ
΢Ĺ£ŷ׷ɣ£Ҫȥɣµ֣ɣȴٴ˦ˣҲЩã˳ʧС
ǸõЦɳɣǳɣ¸뿪ǾͲˡ
ˣǿˣóˡ˳Уֹɣ¡
ɣ˿Թ˵ڣǸǵúͬУҪװܣԼ߲гʣܣȫǵ
Ҫߣܵºܿͻᱩ¶ǽͬСڽ͡
ɣ˵¶ͱ¶Ǻ£ΪʲôҪ
£ܹȻǺ£ǳʱҲǿҫ飬ںƽǮ¶ףοԲд治ĩ
ɣšü˼ǣ¶ܻΣգ
ûûܻҪΣա˵
ԭĹУΪŷȡռȪԭɣ²Ҫŷĺ֣ȻпûԵĩŷ˲٣Ҫ¡
ɣµͷһ̫ѪȺͲ֮£Խ˵ĻϿɣȻʱܵίһƽʲôҪ
뵽⣬еǶ㲻ʹɢɾæ˵ڣҿ쵡
ã㵽ռ쵣˳һ壬ȥʡ˵꽫ɣ·Ž˿ռ䡣
ǰ쵵ڵֱޱȾĿųԶĪĺܣֱӽ쵷Ž˿ռ䣬ιЩȪˮȣˡ
ֻܾ̫ͨˣĿǰֲȷǽ˻бʲôԭܷ飬һֱڿռЩ鷳
쵡ɣһռ䣬ԭȪϷİ쵾ͳ˹
һһһ
££ë޵СԴɣ»в˲䣬ֱ
ɣḧ⻬ĲɫëһЦԲ𰡣ǰۻˣºŶ
£¡ͷ
ɣһƬ˵ͷưɫëҲ쵡
һһڿռЦò
ڿһĻЦЦ˳С
л룬ӦûûڼжҪˣԵõ·Ʒ˿ռ䣬ȥĸӤ˲ĸӤƷ
һɣºЩȪˮ泩ʼڷŽĶЩĸӤƷʱ¶ĸԵСС·Ьӣһֻ־סɰˡ
ָ̧϶ӣԺ˵£ְһúñġ
õòˣڽɣ·ų׼ȥ
쵼ɣ²ˣһҷɣ££
Թţл½ȥ㡣˵

٣Цˣҡ
ɣ͵֣ԴĩԺ쵶Խھ˵⣬Ҹճˣ½ڰѰˡ
쵣ԹԵģ氲ȫٳŶɣС
ŰȪϿ
üҲɲۣ
СһЩԵĺˮ߳У֦֦ǵĽкסɣ£
ֻԶĳǣ֦֦һȺɥʬΧסˣ֦֦֦ͣɥʬźɥʬˮŷա
һԸһȺɥʬЩǽɥʬˣ˴۵̱ڵأ
ڼȫˣɣ³߹ȥôˣ
һȺɥʬս꣬ûŷʡ
ںɣҡҡͷ
ŷ˲ϵĺǾͺá
ôȥôãô㶫ź̲סŭʡ
ȥʾǱɥʬԵû뵽ôãȻûɥʬƫʵǲƽ
֦֦Ҳ˵ǲ͵ˣ
ûУ涼ˣǺòײҵôࡣһ޹
źӺ֦֦һۣϵˮˣɣҲУǻҪȥס˵ô๻ˡ
һƿˮôźջ˵
˵һ
ҹǣźҪ
ŷ˵źӣ̫֡
ôô㶫ôԣȻܵȳԱôźӳɤӺ
ڵǿû˵Ǳǰǵľǡ
ʲô˼Ҫһ·ܰȻźһţҪ˺Ƥ
Цһ·ʲôû£Ҫʳ˵Žźˮ˻ȻҲǣҵĶҲԡ
źŭܣָϻӶһˮעͳڳȥ
ŷǰһסڣȵźӣԼˣ𷢷衣
ʲôԼˣҴûԼˡźָˮעͣĻζţȻѾŭ˼¡
ƽȻˣǾԼߣǽ顣
ڣʹСӣûܣҪǵߺΣաŷ
Цʱ˱ɥʬ¡
˵˭أźҧгݣˮעҪڳȥ
ŷתָźӣҪǸԼˣ͸ҹҵĳٴˡ
źսȭͷҧӣ˺һŽˮע˻ȥŭ˽һۣԼȥʣ
ȥ֦֦æ׷ȥ
ŷһ˵ڣܲһգǷǳʱڣǰˡ
̫˿Լˡ
̵Ѿѵˣǰ磬źӺ֦֦һٱˡ
ŷͷˡ
ɣЦǰСȳԵ㶫ûµġ
ллŷӹˮͻȻ뵽ʲô̧ͷʣǺͺˣ
ɣЦĿ˽һۣû
ŷ⽿ߵģиһͷȥôѲɲֹʻ£
ɣ治Ҫʱ˻ڣû˻ˣ
ͻȻ˳е֦֦˳źӣ׷ᣬ֦֦ܱ߽кɥʬҧˣܣ
лҪ˵棬еæȿٶ

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ϳŷŽںһ, 첽ӡ
ۣɣ¸ϡ
˳, ӾҪ뿪, ֦֦׷ֱĳţ, ȥ
֦֦Ҳϳ˭֪ûбɥʬҧŷ˵
֦֦ͷ󺹵˵ûа, źӱɥʬҧˣûҧ, ҽȥ
һоͱһȺɥʬΧסˣźӾͱɥʬҧһ, Ҫһʹһ߳˳, ҲҪɥʬҧ
ͷһ, źӾҪ׷, ÿ, 㣬㿪Ű
Ҫûгӣһܲ, , 㲻ҲɶĶɥʬҪ
ܱǸҲðաŷһ, ӾͿˡ
֦֦ں׷޵ޱȿȵңûɥʬҧûУ߰һˣ㣡
ɣ¿һĻƿǰ쵱ڳ׷ųʱһ鸴ӡ
ȻǾʹģΪ֦֦ǰʽԹˣȻԷֻģҲһһȹΣ֮ˣ塣
ʹض־ܣ˵ģпռȪʱõ֦֦ûС쵵ʱҲûнڰ³ο֪
תͷȥ֦֦Ѿˤڵأܣ͸ž統쵾ųԶȥʱһģһ
ͷһͣ
ʲôŷΪԼˣӺӾпɣһʡ
ɣ˵֦֦ͣһߡ
ɣ£ûɣǰôģǰϲĳˣ³ıӦŷֱúЦŮ˰ɡ
ɣһ࣬Ϊǰ£ǲҲ£ʲôͬ
̾Ϣһɣ»һԵ±Թпɥʧĩ̫ѵ̫ѵˡ
սɣµ֣ҲˣСͷȥɡ
ڣɣ˵Ҳô㾹Ҳ˵Ǹǳ˰ŷȲѡ
ҼǵѧУʱиҪõͬѧϮģ㽫鹫ѧУվϣˣӴԺû
֦֦ǰô֣㾹ȻԹ
ЦЦҵȻ飬ҲˣڣǷǳʱڣá
ŷ˽շ̵ֻ֣һܣȷʵ֦֦Σջ˴֣뵽ǵͷ
ӿ֦֦ǰ֦֦Щţæ˳ŷһж£лл㷼㣬лллл
лңǽںɣһģҪллǡŷһĮ
֦֦סתͷĿŮǸмԲǰҲӦôǺ͡쵡
ոΪԼҪˣǰһϣֳ֣ĸоһ֪ʲôҪʲôܶΣѹͷһѡ
ţΣѹͷһѵ˲Ǳˣζƺǰˡ
Թ£Ե±Թ
ôܲôܲм֣
ڼˣǰĶ£ЩԼƽ·ԺһҪúøĹŰ裬ټ̱ۿ˵͡
ѹû
ɣ˵˾䲻Ҳûٳԭ֦֦ǰΪüǵĳҲǻǵġ
ǡ˺һ֦֦ȷһֱں档
ŷҲˣɫԱԽҰһˣƺҲкüˣѾǴ·ˣһֱûҪ뷨ǿ죬Ϳ죬Ҳ
֪ǵѡŷġ
ڿ˿ǰ棬Ƭ¥β¥ĵطӦòɥʬ˵СǰͣϢһ¡
ԽҰ᲻ͣ
áŷ˼β¥ͣ£Ҷû³Ƿֳǰʳˮ
ɫԽҰҲ˹ͣ˲Զʻҵĳű򿪣һͦθߴ˴ӳ˳š
ŷҡһ϶𣿡
ãҽкͳϵĻҪȥȫҲȥȫǽͬС˵

ڿˣȻЩ죬ԭǸɣµҽϵߡ
ŷ䱸ĿڵɥʬԽԽΣգ㲻᲻ɣ
ҽܣܿ˲ҳϻߡЦ
ŷԿѯʣڳ˵ͷŶԺ˵ãǽ顣
ڵ˳ϵҲˣһܡ
Ǳ߻һϵܺͷϵߡ
ϵ꣬ϵ߽磬һԽܣǰġ
֪ںɣûܣܿǵЩͬҲûǰ֦֦źôġ
ϯض˵һ·ļš
κñɥʬҧˣŷǰɥʬҧǱʱ𾪡
ͷǵģܿڵɥʬѾ36СʱڵĲûз
ǿɻƲס֦֦ʡ
˵ֻҪҵܲʧһֱѹڵĲ
ͦġŷ֦֦һۣûǰǰˡ
֪ܲʱʧҪǺͻȻʧܵɥʬͻᷢͬлΣյġ
ܿóɫû˵ʲôﻹǲʹģҲʲôˣֻܽ
Ǿԭƻߣȥȫоӣطȫ
аСʱ˰ɣûɥʬܰȫǾϢ죬ٳ˿ϵֱ˵
Ҷͬ
վȥҵʣ˭һȥ
Һ¸ȥɣо顣ɣվ˵
ͷˡ
֪ŷ֦֦ǣԶԶЩһϢ
ŷ֦֦һۣϳŲŸϢ
ûܣ߳β¥ʡ
ڵͷûС
Ŷˣȴ˶ΪܡӵĿ˽һۣˡ
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ģҽֻ˲ˡ˵
ڵͷ֪
ԭĹУҪǺ˱ϳȫǵɣ£ɣˡ
֪Ŀ
ЦЦֱ
ҲЦˣЦݺ̹ơ
ǰи꣬ȥָָǰ档
ͷãǸҺ棬Сĵ㡣
˵˱⣬Ჽ
̽ͷȥһۣһˣʮְҲ˷ˣһأһЩʣڵأģ߽ȥתһȦȷû˺󣬳ںɣ֡
ڴɣ½ȥ˿ʼʡ
겢󣬶Ҳ࣬ùȫװϣȻһ˼뿪
ߺ󣬰¶ĵ۾ȥӰ
ǻˡŶβ¥ѴҳԵǴ£ʣµĶŽ˳
ѾСһ࣬վöԡ
ŷ֦֦ȴһֱû˯ţǻҲϽ³
˾ͳ˼һƿˮͶˡ
ȻڴӴóȻ
Ҷ˻ˣܳԿȵˡ
Ȼ䣬һֱЩɰͰ͵ĶʵڲϰߣܳȺĻֱҸ
󡣡ɣ½ӹʼװ
Ȼܼ򵥣ֻҪȰӵˮȥͿԶȣʮӾͿԳˡ
ɣ¸һһУŷźõ
ţζʵ̫ˣҵȵÿˮֱһ˫˫۾ȫڵϵĻϣ޲û졣
˶עŵ˻ϣûβ¥Ѿĵ۾
ˡɣ¿ʱ䣬Ц˵һͷϾֻʣлˡ
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Ҫ֪Щ˵УеҽѧоҽеרңеǸǧ𣬳ԳҪƽֱҪ̫𾪡
ڣ˭ʲô
ڿ˴һۣЦЦһд򿪵ݸɣ£С̡
ллɣ³һЦ
ڳ谮ͷһԡ
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һȺ˳Եǽһʹ졣
ͷԵһʱͻȻһèС
̧ͷè
Ҳˣ׷Ѱš
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뿴ȥȻǴϿһֻɫèèͨɫαһèҪһ˫۾ĵģҹеҰ޵۾
Сġѡ
֦֦ͻȻö࣬ﻹкöࡣ
˳ָ֦֦ķȥһβ¥ȫèа׵ģкڵģлƵģлģûֻè󣬵ҲһèҪö࣬Ƕڴں̨϶ţĿǡ
ô죿Ķð˺Ҳ֪ǸոճԻĻ̫š
֦֦˵ǻ᲻ǶˣԶҪѶǣߣ
еѳԵķ£ǳŷ˵
ԽûĻڵϣûʳˮҲˣȻ롣
ǲԸֻèҪߣһ
β¥è¥
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ٶȳӳȥ
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ڣܡɣ¼òУҪǱһܲ졣
ȴϣ˶ܵÿ죬һ˳˳
ڶϳǺ硣
ŷŮ˺棬ʱеè˵أȥǵ·
˱ʮֻèΧţǿһȺǾѾûţοǵαһ㶯ﶼҪֶ࣬ҪһҧҲᱻץ˭֪ûвŵȶӶڶ
ŷǿװ򶨣С֦֦˵һʹܣȻӣҪ졣
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֦֦վһƽ٣ûָΪʱͱֻèҧס˸첲ȡ
ô죿ȥǻġ缱òУȥˣȴֲңЩè̫ˡ
սȭͷҲ֪ôãҪȥˣҲǲôģ
ιȴʱ˳Ⱥè㣬㡣
翴ȥϾżɡ
è㣬յһð취ֻǽ㣿
Щèᵽζ˹ŷˣתȥ
ŷ֦֦꣬Ų
ڼèעˣ͵ĳе˳ȥ
èԾȫȥ
ǰŷ˳ֻҪϳʱֻèɱ͵ĺ˼㿪˺èĹȴҲ복һξ롣
ʱЩè㣬ûйۺ죬δȫͲצˡ
ڣ
ڣɣ¼Ҫ򿪳³ȴסˡ
ȰȥһҲҪȥ˾˶ܲˡ
ûɵ¡֦֦˿һʹ࣬ǺȰ˵
ɣҧҧ뵽ܵ£ȥͷ˵öԣȥֻ۽ڣпռȪµġ
ֻô˿ţҲʹܣŷ˵СȰѳȥȥ
ŷһȵĿǰɣǰһҪҪģھ;Ҫȥ
ɣ²֪ʲôŷʱǱȿų뿪ˣŷʾ⿪뿪ŷڣҲ˵ͷҧҧֻÿ뿪
ֻèųƺ˵޴࣬ǣȴȥ
ҶˣҲûʲôµˣӿռóɣ㣬ǣߡ
еè¶̰ɫͣ졣
ֻèĵۣһջ顣
ڽռеɶ˳ԶĵطЩ̰è˵ȥ԰ɣ
Щèһѷȫɳȥ
èڵ˼ƺè¶˵ģеŭ
ڱģЦӿռóһɣݹȥǸģ󣬱ǵĶ󡣡
èƲͷ
Ӻ󣬽֣תͷһڵϿŴɵĴèһЦٳβ¥
ʳ֮ԣ͵ҰҲֵܵʳջ
лҪ˵ңȺôô

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ˡһβ¥߳Ľ, ˵ĳҺ
뿴ȥȻøߴӢͦ˴߳, , ãȻƽ£Ҷ˿
˳, ٶ뿪β¥
ڣôյģϣʡ
˵Ҷ, ˵˵ûǾͰҷ, ȻһһЩԵġ
꽫ŽɵĿɣ, Ϲﰡ
ɣæԲ, һ, ǰǲֻ, Ϊ˺Ĺͨȥ˼ڿ, ѧ˵Ƥë
ԣֻѧ˵ƤëЩèϷˡµ
Ҽ⸱µģҲͶˡ
С, ǵǰͣһ, ֦֦ܡɣż˵
ŷ֦֦һۣͷ󺹣˵ͷ
ǰһ԰, ѾһˣѾˣ԰տԱȽϰȫ
ŷֱӰѳ˹԰Ȼͣһƺϣ˳֦֦Ҳ
Ҳ³˹ȥһ֦֦ɫͱˣϽӺóҽҩ䣬ȸѾ׵üڵ˿ϴע䣬ָһЩҩƬ
֦֦ƣ۵˯˹ȥ
Ȯèץҧ˶иȾȮĿܣοЩèˣҲûпȮ磬ֻͨĿҩ֪ܲѹס˯ڳɪɪ֦֦˵
ɫǺܺá
˼ʲô
ŷ˵ҽͬʱҪѹ˵Ĳθ𣿡
ֻҪͬһʱʩչܾû£ܾһ˵ʱ˯һȻͿԻָҿ˯ǰֱʩѹƲ˵
ܷȻȻĳһЩ
ڿ˿ܣܰȫǾϢһٳɡ
ˣûôϢǸҲ壬ɣҪռڵʱҲô׷֡
áҶͬ⡣
˵˯ҹ
ϰҹ°ҹɣ˵
ͬˣҶӺܸмǾͿԷ˯ˡ
ƺܴ󣬸ŲԶмùгΣҸ˵طϢ
ڴɣ˿ô¿ϢȴҶ˯ɣ·ŽռЩȪˮƿװ˼ƿ
ɣڿռһЩȪ˯һ°ҹʱýϢ
ֻ콫ʱ֦֦ͻȻ˶ˡ
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֦֦һ˦ȥҧŷ
ϽҲæȥ֦֦˭֪֦֦һ˦ȥ
ɣϳܹȥãû°ɣ
ûû¡ʹҡͷ
ڳ˵ϳ
ãСġ˺
ǰӱ֦֦һƣ֦֦һ㷴ӦûУˣſŷϮȥ
ŷڵŲֱʣô
áŷҡͷ
˵ϳȡ
Ըŷ׷Žڹ֦֦˵
ҹҪ֦֦ճɻҽ
ҡͷǵˣͬ飬ҪǶԸ
ѾʧȥǣẦˡ
оȣ㲻ùܣ˵꣬ٳ֦֦ȥ
ŷսȭͷݺݵĿ֦֦һۣתȥ
֦֦ס˽ڣȻ쳯ҧȥ
ʱе֦֦ĸ첲ٽҩˮעȥȻ֦֦
֦֦Ҫȴڹǰһһ˹ȥ
סڵ룬˿ס֦֦ڸιҩƬóһƿˮˮ
ллһ֦֦ϣûӹˮ֦֦ι˼ڣ֦֦ҩȥŷġ
ΣҶµóɣߵ߽ʣû°ɣ
ģû¡ְ
ʺ磬ôˣ
ʱסˡ˯ڲݵϣ˵
ոյʹĸ첲
ŷ˵ǲٴ
˶û˵֦֦ȷʵѾˣںʱѹƣʱһǺҲѹƲˣҪ֦֦ǳҲͰˣƫƫҪǼǺû취ס
Ļ顣ŷ˵
ŷЦҵĻ鲻ṥԼˣѾʧȥԣҵĻ顣
ԼĻ鲻Ǹû𣿡ʡ
ŷյ˵ʲô
㲻ҹܣⳡƽʲôţճҪ˻ԼŰ졣תͷ֦֦˳
æϳ
ŷ˵һΪ˴ҵİΣ룿պĲҲ۴ҡ
ˣǻǸϽ뿪Ȱ
ŷĵĵ˵ͷݺݵĿ˺һۣʲô˲𣬲ԼҽҪûҲǷһ
Ҫûܣ
ŷ۾ܿԱģ˶ĺ
ʱ䣬оһйܵ£ܵ϶˺£ע⵽ϵĺɫִˣǺʯǹ
ֻҪúʯӵкܡ
ˣӵԴϣӵĶʱܵˣߵﶼ׷еĶ
뵽⣬һЦӡ
ߵС·ɽ··ɥʬȺɽ·ҲûôȫиֵҰ﹥ڳֻҪҰҲû취ǡ
ʱ֣ͣ˺ߵɳ̲ԣ׼ڿտĵطϢһ£緹̡
ɣ»Ǹ׼緹Ȼкܶ࣬ڳóϡ
֦֦˹Ժм֣ҲԴұʾǸ⡣
Ҷ˵ûϵֻŷһ¶Ե
֦֦ҧҧǻǱˣҪ´ٷô죿
ģǲᶪ㣬ܿĲ˵ҽβְҲɲͬ¡
ŷòУ⻰ﻰڷʲôҲû˵õܣٶԸ
ǹɱ
֦֦Ժм֣һᾡסԼҲơ
Ե㶫ϢһǼ·øһл
Ҷʼԡ
󣬽ڸһ˷һƿˮΨŷƿطõġ
ţϢŷ˿ˮ˵
û˵ʲô˸طϢ
ʱҶ˯ˣŷ
Ų죬ͻȻ۾ŷ΢˿Ҫȥģ
ȥϴ֡ŷָָԶĺˮ
Ŷһ˵˾СģȻ˯
ŷסģľ̫ǿʱ޷֣ô֦֦֦֦˯ú죬ϴֺ֦֦
֦֦ϴһ֦֦֦˵ģҴŮеıһǿ֦֦ܵý顣
ŷ֦֦ߣӲҪ벻˵ȡѣǾֻС
Լָ˵Ѫϡ
ǵѪսȥӷһ⣬ŷһأйڻѹʲôʱָͿһС
קȭͷǸЦ⣬ˡ


113ĩ֮8

ʲô
һͻȻһŷһ, תͷȥ꣬ЦŽ˵ո˵λ, 
һɵĿ, ôû
˯㵱Ȼŷ˵
Ҹû˯ţǰ˵ĻҶˣ֦֦˵λġ
ŷһ, û˯ţ
ô£ˣ߹ѯʡ
ڼҲˡ
ָŷ˵磬ҿԼָ֦֦ϵѪ
ʲô粻ʡ
۾ŷ, ѵ͵ܣ
͵ܣɣ³Ծܻ͵
ȲҪ˵, ŷʣСǲҪ͵֦֦ܣ
û, ô£ŷʸڷϡ
˵֦֦һԾ֪ˡ
ʲôˣʱ, ֦֦ˡ
ͽ˵һ, ֦֦ܾȡ
˵֦֦, һܲܡ
֦֦ͷ, ܣһʧˣɫЩ, ˵ڶ, һʧܣȭ˵, ʧܣˣҵˡ
ۿָѪεϣһ⡣ָŷŭ˵
֦֦ŵĿŷҽһ㣬δκζԲ飬㾹Ȼң
˲ܲʱҲˣϾԲд治ĩǱȾˣ֮飬Ҳڲ˵£ûʸŷŷȻ͵ܣֱ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôȻ㻳ңҲͬˣˡŷ¶ֻȷˡ
סѻ˵ߡ
ûҪҲҪ֦֦ܻҲ˵
ŷ߳ŭҪ˭Ҳס˵깥ȥ
Сġ꣬ŷĹһͷŷѾˡ
ȥ׷
׷ˣߣ£һʳ˵
ͬĻҽ˵öԣж񱨡
֦֦ܾˡ겻ġ
֦֦ȴЦ˵ûãҷʱͲ˺ˣҲøˡ
ÿͺã̬òŻõÿ졣˿ɫˣЦ˵Ҳøˡ
֦֦Ҳһ˲٣֪˯˵Եʻûһɣͦõģⶫ䣬ûˣ˺ҲܼᣬǺ¡
ɣʣҽܱ͵𣿡
ͷ˵ԴĩյҾоⷽ飬ҷ˴󲿷ֶɥʬһСûбɥʬȴӵܣЩӵܵ˶һͬص㣬Ǿ϶һ磬ϵִ洫壬ֱ֦֦ϵӡ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵˡ
ɣ·ô֮ûΪûЩˣҪҲӵͿԱˣ԰ûйҲûôܵģ
ɣʣ뵽ܵ£ֲõô˵ʣֻõ˽ʡ
Ҳ²⣬ģյµ˻ɥʬյµ˻ӵܡ˵ϵĹÿԴ£ǲŻӵܡ
ͬ˵пܡ
ܼȻӵйߵģôᱻ͵ȥɣ»ǲס
˵ǰ񻰹Ѫ˵ǵĹҲĹܡ
û£ӵܣûеѪһѪ󣬹ܽת˵
æҧԼָ˵ѪԼϣһҲһޱͨ
˫һҲ«ŵܵˡ
ʲôʡ
Ц˵һû͵ǵˡ
ʵ˵ĶҲܱ͵ߵġ˵
羪ȣѾ˻ô͵ߣ
԰ˣ岻ٴҲ˵˵ɫͱˣŽ̽ʣ˼ǣ
ڵͷûеΪ˶ȡܻɱˣһԼһٴεѪˡ
ŵˡ
ѪĻֻбߵĿܣΣգһǾֻ·һˡ
֦֦Ҳ£֪Ѫ֮£ǰŷˣԸ⸣Уﶼ˫ģΪһʱʧƽϡ
˽һۣƺʲô˵£ʵڲǾͲҪ˵ܣͲˡ
ֱͷá
ɣ뷽㣬ڱһȥ·ϣɣʣΪʲôûйҲûȴӵܣ
Ҳ֪⡣˵
ɣŶһЩʧҪȥҾӵˣͲˡ
˵ʲôɵڻУҪͻȻܻ᲻˺ӣס˵ȻҲкģҪɳܣοиˡ
ɣ뵽ӣ˵ûԸҪҲҪ˵ǵĺӡ
İɣһܺúñĸӡ
ɣµͷҲ¡
Ϣһϳ뿪ֻкһʱ֣һѾ밲ȫԶһС
ÿʡݶһȫɾפأҹǵˡ
ǽϸϹȥٹȥٶʡ
˵ҪϢһҪǰĳܵȫҵﲢȫ
Ǿأˡ
˵Ϣһ
֦֦Ҳͷ
㽫ͣһտ˵ĵطԾΪԵΪ
򵥳˶ڶ˵ȥ̽һ̽ǰ·ʵ
áҶͬ⡣
˵ȥ̫ˣȥˡ
ȥ֡
Ҳ֡
˵Һͺҽȥɡ
籣֦֦ɣ¡Ҳ˵
ͷǷȥǽһᱣ֦֦ɣ¡
Ϊ˰ȫûܵľ˯Ҳ˯ڳӸ˵
á
ɣ²ĵĿŽڣҪСġ
ģҲ£ˮţȵˮڽװȪˮƿӸ
ɣ½ӹͷ
ںͺС·˳浹ǺܰˣҲܺڣ·ʲôĶûС̵ҲرһƬ
ֵͲǲҿֻܽ΢Ĺߡ
ͻȻڸܵͷзιͣ²ӡ
Сʣôˣ
жڷɡָָͷ
䱸̧ͷȥȴһȻͷܵҪг


114ĩ֮9


źһжͷͣķ
ǳɿ
ʧ, նĺɫ֣ʱȴе̹֡
̧ͷȥ, ֻĵ۾һͷ, һһ¼ˡ
̹ӳ£ԼЩǺ

ȫγ
ȥ, ֮ȫǡ
ѾΧˡ
ܰɣЩ
ȻʶҲδôһֻͬʱôҰ϶ЩҰӦѾˣĲⶼ, ǹʹҲ޷ҽΡ
Ҫô, ҪôɸµĹ
ڵ˵ǻɣҪܻᱻøҡ
ô죿ܲվɣ˿ĭ, ǲҶ
Ҳ, Ҫǳ, 缸Ҳû, ϵ, صϧǡ
˵ģҪģұز¡
Ҫʲô취, ͷֻ𷢳˽
ãż, ץס˺˿ռ䡣
ǱҪĿǳȥȴ˸գֻý·Ѱ, ŹֵڵҹëȻ
ģҿ˿ǵһƵĿռɻ󲻽ʡ
ȥȪȡˮһڣȻݸҵĿռ䡣
ռ䣿Ȳѣ˿еˮʣأ
ڻأȪ
Ȫ𾪣ҹȻûв´ܵģֻûϵôȻǿռȪ˫ܡ
ǾŻ˵ò˲òԽǵ͵ƽԽˡΪȽϵ͵ǫ顣
ЦЦȵˮ
һڣ⣬ˮ룬ǺȵˮȪˮԲԣ
ڵ˵ͷ
ѹҾýɣҲѹ֦֦ĴҲˣˮĹ͡им
Լܵ£ȴڰаǣŷֲ黹Իֵ˵ʵں̫ˡ

ʱ쵴ĳ˹˽ڵͷ££
ûԼȥڻӿ˵
쵴ŷԶˣ
ʰ쵵ëɫףˣռ仹񣿡
֮ǰһֱǸҺµģΪһЩԭҾͰŽ˿ռ䡣ͷ˵
ŶһЦ˵ĵͨԡ
̫ͨˣ죬ֻܰ⡣
ͷǵҲǣҲȫȷʵǸѵĺõط
ϧܲﲻܲˣֻÿ춼ҪҲϧ˵
ļ򣬡ף¾⣿
˵ǡȻ뵽ʲô˵ǳȥˣ鷳Ȱұܡ
ͷס
ÿ˽һֱԼܣǿҪŷС֪ˣͱȥ
ǲҲһԼܵ£ǵðŷųֵ֦֦ġ
ڴź˿ռ䣬뺣߲ԶĵطнŲ꼸
ǡ߱߳˵
缸ŷӭǰû°ɣ
û£ˡһۣ¡
겻ʣôˣ
ѾҰռˣȫǱ𡣡˵
˵Ҳֹ𣬻бķж
Ҳȥ𣿡ʡ
ҡͷ̫ˣЩͻز
û˰ɣɣ¹ʡ
ЦŰûУܵÿ졣
ɣ·
Ǹôȥȫ֦֦ʡ
˵ֻܵȰʱȥ
ҹּ˯һҹҲƽ¡
֦֦ˣûڰɣһҵʳ
ʳڶ棬㡣
ˮ氡꾪ϲʡ
֦֦Ц˵Ȼյġ
Ŷˣ֦֦Ĵָ
Ҽϴɳ̲ϳ͡
ʵ㣬ҳԵøˣӵĻ»ܳԵһڵ棬̫ѵˡ
ʲôɣͻȻֵ
ҶͣȻ˺ܵ
ʲôڴܣˡ˵
˵ͷ
ٽԵ˵ϳ
áٳ꣬ȫ˳
ͨ
Ľʲôصתͷȥһֻ˵ϣͣţҲɲˣȻովֻͬܣԶзĶ׷ˡ
ϳ
˼Ƭ̣ȥֻܻسϣ˳š
ϳɳһȺдСӥҲȸѰţӦþҽڻе
Ҳʣæ뿪
ֻöء꿴ŽڻѾȥ񣬺Ǿ档
֦֦Ҳ˵ǰëкüɫɫɫɫһβ͡
𣿺ˡҲһ棬û
ɣ˵ô飬ȴɭеݣޣ޺ͶǶзֲɽУΣĹ񡣡
ɣ£֪úϸ
ɣЦ˵ǰĵʱ֪ʶü񡣡
ᵽģ֦֦εĵͷҪֻͨԵҲǷɣһ
Ȼôǹҳ֣粻ʡ
ɣҡͷ֪
Ǵӹѹġ²⡣
Ҳܡ
긧Ưë˵ѹȡ֣ʵƯ
㣬㲻ˡȤ
һۣȥġ
Ҷˡ
ΣķгУѵõӵһ㻶֡
Ȫˮιô飬ָһϵˣкü˿ڣǲ̫أ֮εΪ֧ʣʺҪˮǩ˿һ顣
˴ԼʮӣŻתѣ۾һųŵõɴ˫۾Ҫӡ
¡ᰲǲ˺㣬¡
ԣǶǺˣ㣬㲻ˣɡɣҲİ
˺һʵѣЩȷʵҲû˺İϵ˺ʹˣҲתת飬˶壬˱˻С
̫ůˣҪ˯һ
ȵڽڻ˯ȥҶ治ѡ
Ȥ˵ڸ磬ɣ½㣬ӻⷽ츳ǡ
ҲԵģܸܵԷĺ񡣡ḧë˵
Ҷͷͬ⡣
ͣתͷʣһȦˣҪȥȫ뾭ǰĳڸô죿


115ĩ֮10

Ҹطͣ, ȥ˵
㽫ͣ˳һտĵطȻ³
, øֽ䡣ڳ˵
罫һװʳֽڳݸ
ڽӹҪŽȥ, ˣȫǾ裬ڰ˵, Ҫȥ£ȽֽúϢ, һͻ
Դû
ָָֽ, ָָ⣬Ҫ뿪һ
º, , ȷ˳ȥ, ڿз
Ҳһȥɣ²²⡣
ڵͷ, ǰ, ˣǺúôҪ³
ȷʵҪһȥ, ֪뱨ֻôڽ߰ȫ, ǰͷνýëŲɫĹã, һβķȣԶԶȥеˡ
ٶǡǰ̽
ǰǾͰȫˡ
˵ֻǼƯԲŽ˻ҪǻܳԿ⡣
ĻЦˣС㣬Ҫ
ΪǾˣ˭֪⣬Ҫֵ֪öġ
̧ͷһڿзɵ𾢵ǡ
ͣ˳棬һֱҽȥֹͣ˷ܵĽ
ںͺһۣ񶼲ҽȥɼĺΣա
ңһ˽ȥ˵
ҡͷһȥ
ģпռ䣬Ҳµġ
ͬˡ
пռʱռ䣬ҪһȥﲻæΪۡ
ҪǰҪȥ
ڶ˵лл㣬ҷȥɣǱҪܵﰲȫ˵ƹ˽ȥ
񼱵ת
˵ģµģһɡ
˺һۣת˽ȥ

ʲô񣿱
Ȼһֻˣ
Ჽ˳ԾɾţշվտҲڵͷһȴշվ̨ߴѪͷǡ
ѪԱһȫѪ鲼Ҳи˵ѪȻ˸ãʬͷѾʲôԹˣֻʣӲͷǿв
ëȻֱѾûлˣɥʬҲûУΪЩ˿ǱҰǻԵġ
зڽסЩҰôҲ
ԽԽʱǰɫʣ̧ͷһ񣬶ʱ˿
ôˣΣգߡڳ˻֡
ߣͣ˽ڵļϡ
Ҫ˼ˡ
ڸжëǺãңһᱣġ
ë޵СԴ˲Ĳ
һһʮܰ
ڴߣϣһ·ϼõͷǣһɥʬ
úܹ֣ĳĸ·ڳǱߣĸ·ȴڳм䣬һ˫ĳͷշվҪ·뾭м䡣
ǿóܸԣ¥ã󷿱ȱȽǣ·Ҳͣ˺ܶĺ
ȥ¥գš
顭
ͻȻԶǹ
𾪣ôǹ
ǹȥ
æ׷ȥȥСˡ
ȴûͣԽԽˡ
Ҳ˵ֻܸܿ
ǹԽԽ˵ĺ
ʧȥӰڹ˲ȥѰֻܳԴͷȥ
һתǳ濴ȥһ˱һȺγķΧԱˣЩ˵ȫǸγķڿʳ
ڿ̶ʮʱ䣬һõ˾ͱԵֻʣͷͷĹؽڻڳ鶯ȻЩǱԵġ
ð亹ĵĿ־ˮһӿýڱܵĺˡ
ûӵˣˡ͵Ľǹ˳ȥĿǽϵȴĵ
ȴЩ׼빥˵ʱ֪Ӻδ˳һУЩݷˡ
ڼĳһݳ˳˹ȥЩݻٴηǰһ̴ž˺˿ռ䡣
ĿʧЩݿ·ѰһȷʵҲź㿪ʼʳϵ-⡣
ʱ䣬ʮ˾ʣɭɭ׹ǡ
뿪һЩͳèҲˣǸʳȺĺǣ̶̼ӣЩҲֻ꣬ʣӲͷǣ߶ڵϹȥ
ͬ־ллǾңҪҾˡξסڵ֣мѡ
˵лǾô
ǽӵָʾЩ˵ҰģҺҵĶѾǵˣÿʮˣξ˵ۿˡ
𾪣ѾһʮˣʣȻ֪·һΪʲôҪ
ǴӰȫȥͽȫıؾ֮·ҪǲͨǾӳȥԮҲѣ֪·һǻԸˡξ˵
𾴣Զǹ̵
ξ˵ȫʱûǵرֻ֮Ǿǿطտִ󣬿ԶסЩˣ˭֪ȫսãͷǳȥҲ˾·
ˣôһ˽ξ˿£ʣʲôط
˵Һҵͬȥȫǵ﷢ֹˣǵ̽ģû뵽㣬ҵĿռ䡣
ռ䣿ξȣߣ
ڵͷ
ξѣҼߣпռȴ٣ͬ־
ܾҲˣҪǴҶпռԱҲܾˣϧ̫ˡ
ʱ쵷ɳŽڼϵС
񾪵ڻ꣬һľ֣ƿˡ
§񣬳˵ͬ࣬ûò
ܣܣڽͷͷһץڳͷ»
ڿЦãӿ쵣һŵ˵£Ǹֽϻֻ۸СҪǱֵ㣬ˡ
ͷ˳¡
ڣ
ǰӢµѵǼ
ڽڵȰ˵£ǺͰ쵷ȥˣֻȪϿ׷ûһͷ˷ܵĽȻ˻顣
㾹Ȼֻ񡣡ξ˵
Цǰĳֻǲǰžµģû죬Ǻͨԡ
ûðû˺Ͷﶼ̫̫ˡξ̾
ڵͷزӰɣҽ黹ǲҪ˹װˡ
ܲǱѾˣһҪǻزȥҲǰİȫҲҪѰȥµİȫξ˵
ڷξ͵˰ȫſȻ뿪ˣʱξͺʣ²ľ˳˰ȫ
ˡڳͰø˵񺰡
ķɵվţҲڽһ߼ϣȥȥȥ
УڲܳȥԹԴڸϿٳ˿ռ䡣
ڿռһɣͣ
ڿЦãҲȥֻļƽϡ


116ĩ֮11

뿪һ, ֺĳΧѾͣĳһȺŮŮһ̸, мµĺϷˣ׷, ǳ֡
ô£ʴҡ
䵽ɣµļϣһһ񡮽̸
˵ǶȫģǸ, ˣʲôǺǹ
˾ЩĶ, Щ˶ˡ̾Ϣ
ҵɫǺܺãӶû취ЩҰ, ʲô취
ڼ˵ھѾ밲ȫѰطȫˡ
ʣô죿ǴԶǧ, ˵ȫû, ѵҪȥҰȫ𣿡
ǰ, ·ʲô˭Ҳ޷Ԥ, ҲǵԼ, ǵǡ֦֦Ҳ˵
ЩҲȫѵ˼̽·ĻˣҲ׷׹̽Ϣ֪ӳ, ȫû˺Ҳʧ
һĸ˴Ӽӳ, ֻʣĸŮǶ˰·ߴǣʵڲȥĵطˡһ긾ŮŮ޵
һҲ˵Ҳ, һ·ҸĸŶûˣʣҺͶӣûܣʵھٱطˡ
ǰǰǲȥĵطˣ̫Σˡ
ܵҲˣô˰
ڳ˵ǰΣգǱĶЩﶼԻ˵ģӶ˽һʮ棬Եͷʣࡣ
ȻֹһƬţһЩСѾ׼Ҫ뿪ˡ
ӿ߼ʣ´Լʮˣʮ˶ǲԸȥĵطپɥʬˡ
Ǹô죿˺һ˷ˡ
԰Ǹô죿
ӻôС̫ˡ
һ˿˿ϣˣǿŵ쳹
Ҳڣ֪ʱҶѽڵĹǡ
̾Ϣһֻ˵ȥ̽·ʲôʱ԰ȫһЩʱô೵һ壬ܲܳȥ
ֳЩӺͷݲû⵽ƻЩǳȥģҵ԰ȫʱ̣ǿȥҲһ
˼ǳȥڰȫţʡ
ڵͷȫķݽͨݲͬϡٿտûʺ;⣬һطҪȫö࣬ҲԸðȥİȫǾ취ȫš
ͬڵ⣬أ꼸
꼸ǸźߵģǶҲͬ⡣
ǲˣҪȥȫ
ԣǲȥĵطˡ
ͬ⣡
ҲҪ
ڱ˵ǴԭϢȻȥ̽·
Ӧ£ȥϢ
ȥɣɣ˵
ͷá
ڿռʵףɣ½ȥһ£ռ䶼ᱻûˡ
Сʣɣ¸ȥȫ𣿡
ϾиǵһСġ
ǰûܣҪҺȥɣҲ˵
˵ûµġ
Ǿڵġ̬
Щֻŷڣ˵ûǱûµġ
Ϣһ³˵㶫ڴɣٴǰ˳ſڣھͽɣ·Ž˿ռ䣬˳㰲ġ
ҲռҰ棬ڸë˵Ұɣ¡
ǹ죬ȻĻҲûҪռ䡣
ұˣΣա˵
Թվڽڼϣβ󣬲֪ĻΪʥ
ڴӿռĳ˱ʺֽ߱߻ͼǺţҪѳ͸ˣҳȫͨȫ·
κ֣˰Сʱû̧ͷ˿գǻɵģҲûʲôرģֻɵԼɼ̫״ֱϵʱ䡣
ʮʮ
˼Ƭ̣ǰߣǳͨա
˻ᣬԽҰսռ䣬ԵõҲսռȻ̽·ҲѰʣһá
ռΪɣµĽɣ´Űڿռ֮Уһ˵һʳſռ泩ѡ
˵ȤţɣһתͷҲһţԲĶƤ죬ֻצһţ֪Ϊˡ
ɣЦ쵣ֻˣôѧأ
££쵽ųɣŲŲԾɵ˾
ɣֻˣָ˵Ƥϵëú漫ˡ
һһڿռ֣ò⡣
ͻȻ񷢳һС
ڽһͰͷŽռ䣬Ļ̌ͷȥǰһƬȺˡ
ڿֱʮĵ
˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˿ռ䡣
˭֪ȴʱȴȺ˹ȥûܽһռ䡣
Сڱܺһ䡣
ɣ´ŰߵʣôˣС˭
СΣգûü˵
ոһʱ鼱ԺС˵ֵͦ
ɣµʣ᲻£
֪ű𶯣ٳȥ취˵˿ռ䡣
棬ڷӣһȺʽ׷æС
˵Щԭ׷СȥȺ泯ڷ˹һɱ׼ռʱС˹ǰŹֵĽЩɱȫֹͣ˶˽һۡˡ
ˡ
ǵģЩСȰߡˡ
ھȵĿ˾һĻȻϱȺ
Сڽǰֻʽɣ˵ܸɰɣҡ
ڿǰɧ°ͣĪȺΪǰֻǰ֮˰ɣ
ܡ
˵ЩˣСԽԽˡ
Ȼֻ߷µķˣ
Цſ䣬С
ͷ
СˣԺСڽ㣬֪𣿡ڳ֡
Сɵվţͷ˲ֱʾ׽
ȻСȺèЩҲ½ˣûڳС˿ռ䣬ϢһЩȪˮųȥ
ôǻ˶߹ѯʡ
ڴóõͼֽ˵ҽ̽Сʱ·ȥʱ򣬸պʱ֣ҷʮ㵽ʱеĶﶼҳ
ʱ̫ǿʱ˼Щ̫²ʡ
ڵͷܡ
̧֦֦ͷ˿˵û̫
̫һֱڵģֻǱϵһЩƲڵסˣʱ̫ǿԼ͸Ʋ㣬ǿܸоⷽǸУܸܳ˵
֦֦ͷˡ
ڼ˵һһ⣬ûֻڰݵȻЩȻˣǵӲû⵽ƻϢʱԾǰϢʱ䣬ҡ
ʲô뿴Žڡ
ڿ˿зһۣЦ˵ܹɢЩȺ
𣿡꾪ȡ
ڵͷ
̫ˡһˡ
֦֦Ǿ˵Ǻкñ
ûҪҲһҲ
ЦЦ˵ΪȷǲЩʱһȥˡ


117ĩ֮12

ȷʮ㵽֮Сʱǰȫ, Ǿһŵͼǰȫڳ˵
˵ãǵĳǰ, ˽ϡ
һ·, ҪʮӣǵʱǺܳԣģҲ¹ʷ, ûǾҪͣһ˵
˵ͷӦá
ͼг˿󣬴ĳԹ, ׼ãʮ׼ʱ
С, ȥ̽̽硣ڶ˵
ɿŴˣûʱ˻, ڿ, ɡ
˵氲ȫ, ǳ
ͷ, ½, һӣ뿪
ﰲˣһһ, ˿Ҳ, ˣҶҳֻ²쿴Ż, ĬĬǰĳʻš
ܰȫ·һ״Ҳûŵ
ڿ˿ʱ䣬Źʮӣһ㶯ҲûУҲ΢΢ģŵͼ˵·кü̳û⵽ƻǵ˰ȫٻȡʡ
áӦ¡
ֻҪаȫʱ̣ٴν
ǿͻȻָ֦֦Ŵ⾪ŵĺ
˳ָķȥ·ߵĸ¥ÿһﶼĵ۾Щ۾һգգĶǣʱҪɳһ㡣
ڼҪͣæסţ֮һ·ֻ̣ͣǰߣЩֻڴǲҳӿٶȣȥ
˿ĭͷӿš
ȻҲ˴۾ûֳ˶ˣ׷׼ͣ³ǼĳûͣӿٶȣҲżӿٶȡ
ڳм䣬ҪͣпܳΪЩʳѾ˴·ܹһֻǰܺˡ
ˣ˳ڵշվ󣬺˿
֦֦Ҳ
תͷɣ£ʣ𣿡
û¡ɣЦŻء
ڷ򿪳˳ĳ½ĸϳúȫ
ȫԶҲͼ·̣ܿ͵ˣֱӽȫȻ³
ڵȫˣ̫ˡ
ѽѽһ·̫ˣޡ
ûйְֵûй
Цǿ޵ģǼһ
ʱ仹磬ڴŴȹ˹䰲ȫְȫȷʵͨ¥ͬǽڱһ¥Ҫһ룬Ҳι̵ö࣬ҲǼӺģŴһأһܷرá
ȫķֻһ㣬ǼʮƽС䣬ռܿԼˡ
ööô̵ʱڽһȫѹ־ϰľ˶ϷҪһѾ޴İȫҲºܴľġ
δ˺ӼһʮһˣڵعϡԵסһӣΪ˷ӦһѡȽϿڵӼоס
Ŵ⼸˶УڸԵﰲϢˡ
磬ȴһЩȥռʣʵʵڵһʻȻɴҷַȥ
ַȥ󣬽мһЩ߿ᡣ
ȥһ⡣˵
Ҷʣʲô⣿
˵Щ۾ʼˡ
ʲô˼ʡ
ڲ²⣬ǰû˷ʱ䶯ǲҳÿһ˺ĶﶼɥЩ춯ĿУǷ˳ܣܱܿǣҲûʳˡ
˼ǣЩۿʳǰȴû취ֺܷŭ˼˵
ڵͷ
˵ȥǸ취ǳἤŭЩҰʱǹ˲ΣҲҪǸô죿
Ҷͬ˵
˼Ƭ˵ҵ֪ʲô
ԣʱҳҺܺ棬ǿ⻹ߣأֻҪҵµĶǾҵԸǵİ취˵
ڿź˵ټһǣ
ðҸȥһ̬
ҲʾҪͬȥڶԽѾǳŷȥ˲ȫһڵĿռҲ˶ˣǾͺȥڰȫܵĸ𱣻ûܵˡ
ڶ磬ںͺųˣ˵˰ȫǸ̳ʼĿŵĴ̳ʣ˵ЦܴĶ
Щ۾֮ˣǾǲԸ
ںͺװһʻذȫ
죬ûΣա
ֱȫĺü䷿䶼ʱڷЩ۾׺ˣѪһ㣬ɲˡ
ܽˡһ׼ųһ߶Ժ˵
ͷҶǻ˺ĸоû뵽ô̡
ǰ̫ˡҲЩ⣬Ҳÿ֤Ǻʱֵġ
˳ɡ
СЩȵǡҪϳϰԵȷˡ
ʧЦ϶ԼҪңô˷ܡ
ڱЦˡ
ӳҪ˻ڿзУ˳ǰ档
С˵ǰΣաˣѾ֪ǱʾǰΣգҪֹǰ
ģѵЩȲѾˣ
п˽ȥˡڲ²⡣
ʣǻȥ𣿡
ҺСȥǡ˵
ͷҪСġ
İɡ˳С˳С¸ңҪܡ
СԹԵڽڵļϡ
ڽ˳˼ежǵĲҽޱȵ֣ӿ첽ӣ˼㿴ʲô
ԶһЩȺĶ﹥ţЩһ߹һ߷ҽʹһ㣬ֲ÷ߵ
ֻЩž޴ʹȺҲ޷ǿ⣬ʱЩ˾Ͷɥ˶Ŀצ֮£Ȼٱʳˡ
Щ˲٣ڷĶһЩͽϴĶͽСĵû¡
ЩĶҲܿ챻ŵĶǳԵһٺ󣬻ĶȫɻϢ
ڷЩƺִһЩҲ֮ǰˣֵõһ㡣
һûжҲ׼뿪ȥߴϢȴʱһ˴Ӱ˳Щȥ˵Ѫ档
˲Ǳˣǰӵŷ
ЩȣŷȻҲȻ֪ܿЩҰ뿪ߵĹռǵܡ
һӵ˺üܵŷ鷢˾޴ı仯Щɢ겻Լһ㣬Ҳ׳࣬񱻴һ
۾


118ĩ֮13

ʲôڻ, æӳѯʡ
һߴӳóˮһ߻أȷʵ˽˳Ǹˡ
ɫ, һʣЩʱʲôӦ
Ҳ˲, ʹӣҴһСʬ㿴˵Ŵӿռóһȥʬ彻
ϸ鿴˵ûʲôԭ, ֫״̬֮ǰӦüʹ࣬³״ԭҲܶܶ, Ŀǰ޷ȷǵĴûд, ʱֵ¶ȡԼߵǿЩӰ쵽Щ춯ԭ, Ҫһ֪̽ʲôԭǵ
ڵͷ, ҽѧ, ӵ, ŪӵȷʵǼ¡
ʲô𣿡ƺ¡
˵濴ŷˡ
ҲԾʡ
ֹ, Щ˹ҲģЩ˽ȡߵܡ
̫ɶˣò, Ů˵ĳҲ̫ˡ
ڲÿɷ
ŷĶ, Լİ֮˶ɱֵŮˣοЩزʶİˣ
ʣģ
û۳ȥˡ
Ϊʲôȥѵȫ𣿡
ڲ², ׼ȥڲ˽öȡǵܡ
Ůˣ˼˵ѵΪΪȥǲˣ
ڷʣôܣкüܣǸû취⡣
Ǿˣ˵
ڿһ˵İɣж񱨣ܿͻʳġ
ŷ뿪һεĵطϢڴܣܼˣͷĺ
ؿڣִĸоôˣΪʲôôܣ
֪ԭ𣿡ͻȻһ˵
ŷһ̧ܵͷȥһ˧ޱȵ㶣Ҿʣڣô⣿
ͨȫıؾ֮·ҵȻӦ˵
ŷոǻʲô˼
֪ΪʲôôܡڶԽԽູ
ŷʣʲôԭ򣿡
Ϊʱע̫಻ܣЩ޷ݣ֮ųͳͻֲָܳƽ⡣ڽ˵
ŷ𾪣ô֪ҡ
Ϊ˽㡣˵̰ġ١ƶʣκʱ㶼ϣ˰ڸߴĽ㣬㣬
ŷקȭͷΪǿʲô
Ϊǿ߱ûдű˵ʬǴء
ŷԼˣЦ˵˭ǿ˭ʲôԣҲ֣Ǿͻ֡
֦֦Щȥܵ˶𣿡ڷʣѵȳµ֣
ŷµôϻˣֲֻ£ʲô˭ôô
ֱ޿ɾҩɣˣɱ㶼֡ھ˵ֱ˷ѿˮվҪ뿪
ǴԹŷǼѾʵڲԼ֣Ҳ·һˡ
ŷҪߣǰס̬󣬡ڣߣûκζԲ£ŷ˺κҲ˺ġ
𣿡תͷʡ
ŷֱͷȻǣһǼԲûܣ֦֦ǲԸǵʱǣ𣿡
Ϊûܡƿıĵط˵Ҫ֪ܣ᲻𣿡
ȻᡭŷͻȻعζʣܣʲôܣ
˵пռȪ
ռȪ
ŷȻ֪ռȪжãеܵУռȪʵõģռԴƷҲԴˣȪҽΰٲǿˮ
ȪͲôˡ
ȵȣھȻпռȪȴһֱѵһʼڷ
ûڷ㡣ڿ뷨ֱԲ˵һʼ֪취ȡ˵ܣһʼͶ˷
ŷҡͷģô㣬ǲ˺ģΪʲôҪң
ȷʵмģԼ˽ΪĿĲֶΡҲˣʵɣ֮ǰܹȺ֪ıΡ
ҴûκζԲ£ʲôʱȺ㣿ŷһɻʡ
ǰ˵ϱԽ̽ҵĺ󱳣ΪľǶȡҵܡ
˵ʲôŷɴ˫ۣŵĿǰſˡ
Ȼ˵ϱӣѵߣ
صĩûʲôǲܷġ
ϱӾȻɱԼİˣĻ
ģġ
ŷͻȻһݣֱ㳯ǰϮȥ
һקס֣ϲ֪ʱһˮǵЩҪ̽壬ˮһۣתŷ㿴ǰǽľһģɱңȡҵܡ
Ҫӵ˿ռȪҾĩˣڣң־͹㲻ӵôǿܡŷ˦ǯסĴ֣ٴδϮȥۿŵҪ̽壬ȴͻȻʧǰ
ŷǿվѰңҳѿռȪң
⡣Ϥ
ŷתͷȥͦζۿˣҪӵпռ䣬Ŀռң㣡
ͣڼֱÿЦó˻Σռ⣬á
ŷҵĳ˹ȥҿռ䣬ң
δڵھʧˣҪ裬ĿҳҲҵĻɱ㣬ߣǶҵģ
ɣ׷ҿռȪ͸㡣ڳڲԶ֡
ŷһ˫Ѫ죬׷ȥ
ڣģ㲻ҪˣռҵģеܶңûʸӵСһϣŷҲˣС
ͻȻ춯Ϊǽں棬͵תͷȥȴҰķڿУԭҰһƬ
ͷһŻָһ˿ǣһȻ˳󾪣ˣǱܣܳ٣һܴףҪǹǲú
ʱҰԾʱ̣󺰴неҰﶼ˹ŽΧסԽԽ࣬Ҫûˡ
ŵȫѪҺҪ̣ŵÿ񾭶
ܵľҪܷȴʱеƺʧˣʹһĻϵҲûˣһ͵һģ̱ڵء
ôôûˣȥˣ
˭Ⱦ
ܾпռ䣬԰ط
뵽⣬ɤӴڣȾңֻҪңʲôģҸ㵱ţȾҰɣͬѧôҪãô⣿
ڿռĽĻЦѣԭֵʱֺ֮ĸ飿Ǵˡ
ƾŷôôڶûгŷЩǻһһԵֻʣһͷǣ๾ڽϹȥˮ
صȫڰŷ¸˺ˣǶֽкãһʹ졣
ŷǽˣҪٵѸˡ
ЩҰƺøǿˣǲǶʱ䣬ʱڳһûκ˳ͨȫ
ͨѶжϣкֻ֪ܶаȫÿ춼кܶ棬Ҳкܶڳ档
ȫʮпռֻнһֻÿһ˳ȥѰʣͬʱҲҪȥֹ
ֻǲǧȫʵڲԸ⣬ڴǽȥһҲܴһ˽ȫʱһԽԽ࣬۰Ҳꡣ
ҳһۼ˶࣬Щﶼ֮ɥʬҲӿҲȫˡ
ȴʱڷְȫһôӳ󵽰ȫ˴ӳڿͨڣȫǱҲڿγһͨĵص
˶ڣڵصҲ£мأǰ濪·Ҳ࣬ʱͰѵصںˡ
ߵø˿գ˿ͷɹܿ˳Σ
ŵصγɣԽԽ˴ӳ⵽˰ȫԽԽࡣ
ʱƣȫ׳ҲƣҶԽҲԽԽŷ˳ΩǴӡ
Ҳܴ󷽵ÿṩȪҺȣвβûǿ
ºɣƽһк
ģĩкȻҲӵǿܣͼһҪ屶
ͨӦ֪Ĳ֢İ£ȷЩȥĶΪܲǿҵߡ
ͻƣҽϵ߲ҹоо˶Ǳԭ򣬴Ӷֿⷽҩ
ҩͶ뵽öǳ£ЩĻָ׽˳Σա
ԽЩȫģǽȴ˵Щﲢûд࣬ǲΪĴ򵥣оǻָҩŻָȫĳ̾ѡ
ξͷ˵öԣڶǣǣǲӦڶǸϾɱ
ȥоģû뵽˾˽ڣ֪ǷİȫѾһȫǣطȫĵط
˻ţĶҲָǹû
˶ȫ¶ҩܿͻָʹĴۣһҪٷˡ˵
ξͬûʹĴÿ˶ѾˣҲˡ
˵ŻͻȻճֻ񣬺ξ棬ֻ񻹻ţԱֻġ
ҪֻһסЩȺˣֻͽһľˡ
ûͶҩСֻĽа쵣ҲǽĳСֻǾǿڲ˳ۣЦ˵
ξˣھȻԼĳ̫ϡˡ
ǰ½Ҳءһֻ
һߣɣ³ջ֣С쵣ˡ
ֻһ·׷ŷɣ£һһɣµļϡ
С㲻Ҫ̫ƤˣǵˣҪע󡣡ɣ¸Сͷ
Сͷȥһµĺģ
ɣת쵣Ҳǣְôô
תת飬ҲһСϱģ
ɣ¼ίͰ͵ģ̲סЦȥǵıɡ
СͰĸӣĸӻɣ໴һһ쳤ϵëҲֱƯˣžСһ
Ҫɣˣæͣ¶
Ľֱ˰쵵С˵ˣȥ
Сųͷˡ
쵼ϱˣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀȴǲ뿪»˺¡
Ҳȥɣˡɣ³˵
쵷Ŀ˽ںһ᲻ϱӣɫѵĸСˡ
ɣЦ˵Ҳ֪ĵˣô˾Ȼڼǳ𡣡
˭֪أϱӽĳ𡣡˵
ְ֡龫ֵĳְ֡
չͷȥôˣ
֪Ϊʲô㡣СкƯùֵһ˵
ڴսһЩְ߰Ϊʲô
ΪűһҷҲǱġС˵
ھȣ˼ǣǱˣ
ıı첻һԭ壬ȴǡ˵
ЩͿˡ
Ŀһֻĸһۣѹ˵ְһ
𾪵ĿŽ
ӾȻˡ
ְַģҲ߱˵ģҲ˵Сظ˵
οӵͷллӣ˵ܡ
ûҺͰְֵܡЦһɾ
ɣ¼Ӷ˽ͷӶģ˵ǻң˵ʲôĻ
ˡӦųȥ
һڻ԰æţޱȽޣ΢紵⡣
ʱСͰ쵴ĸӷ˹
ϲĺְ֣裬Сǻˡ
򸾷Цŵͷһ̧ɷһڣ¶ҸЦݡ
лҪ˵дˣϿʼµĹ¡

119ũ1

ɩ, ˵ƼѾͷ˸˻ס, Ǽ٣
, ϸϱҸ˵۾׿˸ݵģһѪ, ˣ˶ѹƼѾͷϣӴ, ֱá
ϸϱֱӺ˵£ɤӺ, ĿŵĽҰ˸ӣҲ˴ɶģ
ɶƼҾֻʣһ, Ƥʵɩ˵˿ĭ, ˴, ͷڵء
ϸϱŵӲ, ԴսһЩС׵ķأû
أڼСӽһͱŹˡɩüë
ϸϱڼұͿƼѾͷһҪ, ¸ҵͷˡ
ɲǣڼСӿǿͯҪ³, Ҫǿžͳ๫, ĻҪһֲʶһũŮɩ˵
ϸϱҡҡͷǵҪƼңڼҲн, ڼҲЩ
˵ڼĸߺƼѾͷԸޣҳŵʱڿءɩ̾ϢһѾͷҲǿӴ޹ʵֱ˻£Ժ˭ҪҪһϹˡ
ϸϱǻ˵Ҳֲڼң˭Ըأ·Ҳ죬ҪڼҲҪϱ
ɩͷҲͬϸϱĻ
Ƽҡ
˲׵۾˷ţںڵı˦ߵԺľտʼʳ
ڼףԺͳϵһˣԺҪǿ
ֻСϲ͢˸ۿТھҪˣܼ޽ڼңû뵽£ܲġ
ĹģӻҪԺûҪƾҲԼֻǱ˶һֻ֣εӰ֧Щ¶
һѹѹ£óһѻ۲ݵҰ˷ľϣһȱ˿ӵľɲ˵ʼ硣
ԺﴫľײĹɰѾһĽ˼һ߳ӣԺСϸɻŮߡ
ôµˣСˡ춯תͷһǰ챻Ȼ˾Ȼվߣµ
·߷ʱһѪѾֻʣһˣţĹ彫̧ϣ˻Сĸ˿ڣԼɽϲɵֹѪĲҩϸĵҹŻ˹
ò׾˻ɲٳˡ
ڿǰŮмҵ˺öˣѾû󰭣ллҵƹ
ûûµġǵһ˻ЩϰߣΧȹϲţҲЩ졣
սڣˡ
̧ͷ΢
⼸Ҳʹգûиû˵һ䣬Ҷʮַӡ
Ҳ⣬Щɱ䱸ǿҲӦõġ
ֻû뵽쾹Ȼպסˡ
Լ⼸ûа׷ѣίҲûаܣЦ˺ЩҾùȥ
ڸڣţ·̡
ҲȥˣݲңͲߵԺһµʯ
ȥʣļôص˵ģ
ǡûǼӣ游أҪҵҼ̳Уĸ͵ճĵܵܲͬ⣬Ҫɱҡ
СҰֻ˵˼ιʸȴ֪ԭ˼ҾѪУһʱҲͬڡ
߹ȥʣԺʲô㣿
𣿡ڿں˫ڴʡ
סðųӣҲԸ޹ʵģҪҼ±˵л
Ҫǵؿǣڰڱ𴦣͢Ҳ˻顣
ת뵽ʲôֿЦڼǱȻģͯ͢Ҫ³ţ͢ѧʶŵĻܴһ¿ũŮô๫أ
ûнڵ£ڼҲ˻ģ൫Ҳ֪ȲԸĻҲǿֻǴ͢Ҳ˵ڼҵ塣
ƼҶϻڵʱƼҵļҾҲǼõģҲǲ٣͢ĸڴһۣ壬ڴֲźڼĸӶ෬չ
ڼʧƼҵҪƼҶס
һ߰꣬ƼΪ˰ڼҰԼҸˣƼҶϹڼҵ̬һٰʮȴת䣬㰮ģҲʾҪףȴ±˵ڼ塣
Ƚڵڼץס˰ѱڼ˳İˣҲ˵ڼҵĲǣֻ˵ãԼ֪㡣
ǳףǲǾͲᱻ˵ˣһʡ
ɴ˫ۣ˵ʲôף
Ǹ˵Ϊҵ㱻˻£ָָ㣬ӦΪ㸺ףﵱɼңҲ뿪ˡ
㡢㡭㾪ò֪˵ʲôá
δҪǰ˸ʲôҲûȻԸȢù¶һ׼ˣǰˣһŵ˾Ȼ˵Ҫף̫˼ˡ
סʣԸ޼ҿɹĿ𣿡
á˼˺һǵͷͬˡ
Ȼǹһˣӣ˵ļܺùһ˲ǡ
¶Ц˽ס֣ԺҾˣ£һҡ
ֱǰ͢һδйָоĪģָоá
ѾͷҪף峤ǰŮѯʡ
ͷǵģ幫Ҫס
ѾͷҪǴˣ㶼𣿡峤Ȱ
ܸмҲֻ峤һкܼᶨ幫ҶˣԸǴӣ͵ɣƼֻһˣǰҲҪǼ޳ȥƼҾͶˣͦõġ
Ժ󲻻뿪ҪԺô죿
峤ϧģ⺢ʮû˵裬һ˹¿ТسϹˣ÷˻£ʵҪ޸һˣҪٵġ
㿴˿ԺվŵͦӰŵġ
ðɣȻ㶼ˣҲ˵ʲôǵ¶һ죿
󡣡
峤΢㶣̾ϢһУҴȥÿͷ
лл幫
ôڼӭǰʡ
Цŵ幫Ӧˡ
Ǿͺáһɣ뵽ʲôȥϰɡ
ʣȥʲô
ﲢȱ
¡ڴͳǮӣֻ࣬ʮ㹻ˡ
ԭǳ»ȥ·ȫҵֻʮӣǰͽǮ
ˣǮʲô
Ҫġ糺ҵӣһᾡŬܰί
һ˿ۣյĺͬߵĺϼ˼ˡ
лҪ˵¹¿ʼˡ

120ũ2

ƼѾͷҪǸ˳ףܰɣ
ʲôܵģҸոտ幫ҳ, 幫һʲ֪ȥ幫׵ġ
ƼѾͷĪǷˣզҪ޸һҰˣ
Ǽ, ûȢŰ˸ˡ
ǲɵӴ, ޸嶫ͷȳҲܼ޸һҰ˰ҰԺһߵģʱզӴ
Ұ˶ƭƼѾͷغͷݵ, Ѿͷ޵ʱ򡣡
ͽҪ׵Ϣܿڴ崫Ҷ˸۸ִ⵫һǿǵġ
Դ۷׷ף㲢ûжҡ, ҲûĳŵҪж֤˿, ûм޴ˡ
㴩һļ´Ž˴, ǵļ֤°ó, Ƽҵ, ΪƼнŵŮ, ˺ڴˡ
㲢ٰ, žͲϯˣڻϲϲǷַΧĴôĽ۾
ϲϲ, á
ҳ׵ʱ˶ûϲϲ, Χ˶ٷͷ᲻øҳһͷϾֻ, ¼£ֻҪüӡ
ò˵Ұ˶ƼѾͷ
Ӷѣƺðɣӿ϶
ûҳҰ˲ǸõģƼѾͷඣ
ҸҴģǹ˼¾͵ɢˡ
ԶԶԡ
һ߳ϲϲһ˵Ựرζ
ͽڲûܵ˿Ӱ죬߸˵Ļؼˡ
ǵһķ⣬ü۶ϲɫҲЩƮԼӦ˷仰Ҹˡ
ڼҲδػ棬ȴ⣬Ļвģ
ЩӻȥҲʵۣ¼¾ͻǮӣϲϲǻһڻֻֻ˶Ͼͻ˰ˣܹʮӣȥ˴롣
ҪֹҪĶӶҪɾ
ӻۣڶ󷽶ôҲˣֻֻԼȴʲôҲûãǲ˼ˡ
ȵ˿գЩüǰҵֲ÷ģնҡһһ˵
ڸں˵ͷã͹ˣЩĥӡ
ôɣӣΣҪЩӲųĵġݣˮЦŵ
ڽӹˮһڵķԺҪɻģ²ĥ
õɻЩҲᡣԼˮߺȱߵ
ЦˣҲɻҸѧԺҺòã
ޱȵ˺ĿͷһȣĻ֪Եģֻ˵ͷӦá
˵˻ӻʱ֣վҰˣȻȥʲôࣿӣʳ
߹ȥӣҪպ¡
㸧ӼõϧҪǴɻĥˣô᲻ôŸɻ
Ǿͱˣͺúӣɡڵ
ͷһůǣûЩƣ𣿡
ֳݣӷ̨ԣ£ſ˵
Цۣá
ҨˮϴˮԵˮ
Ҩ̫ˣǺǣҨư͹ˡ
Ȼף׵ˮȻϴ롣
ˮʱСĵ㣬׵ȥˡ
ָ£æңǳɹ˹ҲˣֻεѾںһƬˡ
մˮһ߲һ̲סЦ㣬èһˣСʱһûôǱ
ʪʪϲţǰŮЦˣͷ΢ס֣ǰסĴ
Ĵ촽ϣŵı㣬ʲôݺײһ£ѣҲֱ죬һƬհס
һſ紺ͷȣЦ§뻳㣬һúðġ
ԭһһߣҪúûرĶ飬һƽҸ
ֳ˲ʱ䣬˰ʱѾʱСڶˣϽԷ
ó𣿡ڴĿʡ
ֻһһСɣԼɹɣСĢҲģĢɽϼɹģʳʮʸɾ
Ĳƽ᲻óԵģǳ׵ӣҪԶٺõףף
ڸеһ鼦⣬ҧһڳԣЦóԼˡ
û뵽³ôζĲ
̵ģ˸͵ˡ
ǾͺãЩ⣬̫ˡּ˼ŽֻĢ
ǻģֻǲǰֳԹ̾Щ
ֻĢⶼԼܸжԽԽýķζˣǵԵóԵһٷ
緹ȥ꣬ȻȥιѼʳæµʵ
緹ľ飬ʱھͼӿЩٶȣ˳࣬ǵֱ
ʰ˸ϴϴϢæµһ
˵Ѿףǲʶ죬˶ЩнǽЩ
˼Ƭ̻ǾʲôҲЩϢ
ڰУ΢ЩʧĴ𣬡á
泯棬ҧҧǳ׵ӣ˵Ӧöģɷȴûⷽ뷨֪ӦΪ룬Ѿӣ
ҪǴ֪»֮ҹɷûԲǻΪҵЦ
ڲû˯ţ۾ڴϣܵߵƺˣ̾Ϣһת泯΢Ĺ¾кᣬ۲ѣ§뻳
Խίӿ
ڱ޵Ķˣ̧ȥᣬѹ¡
һ磬ڹĴ۾§ŵĿˣ뵽۰ɬۣǲɵùҸЦ⡣
߹ϱҪ緹ûйǾ͸ɷ緹
Ҫȴһֻ˻ȥ˳Ե
ôʲô
ȥ緹
˯緹§ס˶
ɡ
ڼ֣뵽ʲôϧʣûŪ㣿
лҪ˵


121ũ3

ʵ㲻֪λش, ֻܽвȴΪɷеů
ں֪, Լ˸ɵ, 첻׷ʡ
˵˻ڱ緹ųʱʱ, Цüۣڲֻһˣ㲻ɻʱҲ˰, мˡ
»úܿ죬罺, ۷ǳ
գ¼, ƽոɻ, ũߴŽȥ
ů, øˡ
ˮﲻ, ԺΪ, ֵһеعϡӡӵΪˮҲֵӣԼʳá
Ķ, Ķˮ
ڴ庵ز, ΪҼһĶϵĺأΨˮǱȽ϶ġ
Ϊ˰ڼң˲ٵ, ΨԸĶˮ˵ҪŸ㵱ޣƼҳ˴ˮ϶˼ҡ
ʵܸƯҾʵԸȢ˵ǰ㲻
Ӵ㣬˳µˣвٴڸɻкϺܺʲô˼ö֪
ЦӦǣ̸ŽԼҵȥˡ
ط˺üطˮһҶˣ͵֣ؿЩʱ֣ˮﲻܵȣ֮ǰеӲȥͻӰ쵾ӵĲ
¾³
һţʱʱͷ֪࣬ũֳܱǵøѧ
Ǹܺõʦǳģһ߸ɻһ߽̽ڣ̵üò˵Ҳɵúڿۻңо治ѡ
๫㾹ȻѧˣȥѾܶɻĿޡ
Ц̵úãɵôãѧ
С̵ġ
ŮɻۣһӲ˽һĶصӣһվܽӲ꣬ٶȿøĴĽѡ
ɵúٶҲڴģ˵ôôʵǼҲϣԼһܸɵĶϱġ
๫ˣȻؼҰ⼸Ӳͻء㿴˿ɫڵ
Ҫҵһߣ
ԼҴӵŮһ˲ĵġ
ãǰҳһҹ·ûµģȻȥЩˡ㿴Լĵģůůģţ֧Ȼؼȥ
ڱӦˣũȻȥ
ֽٶȼ죬ӾͽʣµӲˣϴֽ﹡׼ؼңһ̧ͷĴ߹ˣֻʣһ
Ѿڵɫżˣߡ
㡣ͻȻһˣȥ·
߹ҹ·ˣҹ߳ĺãϳǰǱˣǲǰ˻£۳Ц͢
ԭΪеˣһȥΪЦζӳ£ת뵽Ҫ͢˻飬ҲܺͽڳףôҸƽ
ͯ𣿡㿴ǰ˹ˣʡ
ͬǰʱĻϲͼԶף͢˵ܣԹҲͶ˼֣㲻㣬㵹ƤӺʵҶЩɶ£
Ҹɶˣüʡ
͢⸱֪ģŶͺǸҰ˳ˣ˫ԣҵɶˣ
͢ǲǶɵˣҲһͿ
͢Ȼ
°΢ڰ׾׵㣬㲻ҪˣѾûлԼ˻длŮ޻ɣҳҪͬ⣿ɷզˣ
˻ҲΪҰ˹һңȶԲסҵġֻ͢˶飬ۣһżǺˣֻܡ
ЦˣҴ๫ؼҲֻǱоһʤ߼ˣΪ˾ˣװף˲֪ұҲˣҴСһͬ÷Ҫһˣ㾹Ҳ֪ңʶһף֪ҵģ
Ƕ˵ƼѾͷڼףû˸ҪҪһӹ¶ˡΪڼҵף˶϶๫ˣʵ˴£Բס㡣
ⲻڼҪĽԺ󲻻ٲ㣬Ӱ쵽ǰ̣Ϊ๫ĲӿȢһŵԵӣ߷ɡ
һжּģǲΪҪңʲôʸң
͢ôϻֻƽЩǰ׶ˣҲһ仰ǰֲʶũĵķŭקȭͷŭ
ƼӦø˲ŶԣΪĸ߶£Т˳˳ĸףӦԸ֪˸Ұ˻ؼңĸƼȥףĸǸˣˣܾͻȻʧȥʲôĶ
ԭȹЩʱҸ˵ĸĻ£Ҳż㱻׾ѼˣֻܵȢ
˭ϵ̶̼ͼˣ޵ĻǵǸڼ涪Ұˡ
ŭʣ¹δܻ㣬ȴҰ˵ЦֹܣʼɵҪûֱһ˲߳Ϊῴ˵ˣԭ£û뵽ֱ׳ˡ
ֱɷҲ
ҰĵǿҪά߳͢ŭƽյŷȫޣʡ
أǰֻ㣬ұκ˶ãֻ๫Ǿ๫κ˶ãҵĺСװЩɵˣֻЩҺõ˺ã˺ҵˣһὫҵߡ
Ҳ׼Ҳ׼޸ˣ͢ŮˣڼҵĶϱôôҪҺڼҳҺĸ׶棿͢ŭ
ԭΪûӣԲѰġ
㿴׵ģʣҺ๫룬Ȣ𣿡
ҡ͢ߵԸͻȻסиĸ׵Ļ
͢㽫Ҫž˳ɴµˣƼѾͷһũŮʵ䲻ݣӦһǰаӣԽԽߡ
ģѰͷƼѾͷףɫһõ˼ң׼ƼѾͷǿһٱ
͢ΨһˣЩһʺһĽγѵѹ𣿡
ҪǸȢƼѾͷȥͶûԼŰ죡
͢͵һ飬ָһ˿ǡ
㿴ԥֹصģĴ𰸣ͯ㻹ǽЩȥТӰɣĪҪѰˡ
˵꣬ƹҪ뿪
㣡͢һקסĸ첲һ˵һͬ޽ڼңȵҡ
˦֣һȣҵˣһһ⣬жֻ㣬ȵƼҰ䣬ĸ˫ȵϢˣûڼҵĻΣȴס
͢㻹ҵȶãȵһϹҪҵʱֶһ䲻ȢҵĻ𣿡
ģһȢ㡣͢żŵ
ϲ㣬ЩûƼҵİӹʮѣҪ㣬ĸҲҪ㣬ǻӦŵġ
͢ʱ͢ĸˡ
ܵ͢ľһʶ˼ԶһЩ
͢㷴Ӧ͸ˣδ͢йһ˿ϣֵ֪˵ʲô̶ȡ
ϴܹߵ͢ߣǺݺݵһۣס͢ĸ첲ôˣ춼͸ˣȥ
Ҳȥ͢ѵõĸһΡ
֪Ҫβ˵ԺûпˣĸҲ뿪㲻һҪǲץסĻᣬԶȥˡ
δӷӵͷһֻίίҪ𱸶᲻ãֻýֵͷϣָǰ㾹Ȼ㲻֪߳ܵŮˣǰڼҺ͢澡ʧ˳ЦȻѾˣֺοҪ͢
ʲôݣ͢ʲôݣ㲻ҪҪģڼҿҪģܲܲҪˮ
ӣˣ㱻⵹һҵ̬òᣬҲ˲ʲôֱԵӽҶҪҾģҪ˵
˸ǰǰƵģӲǲҴ˵Ȼײˣ
㣬ô˵͢ĸæǰһָ𣬡ⲻǡ
ŭЦƾʲôҲǰˣڼ޹ϸѰҵ鷳һҪⲻǣ͢Ƕˣ̽ʲô
Ҫڼţϸⲻǡ͢˵ֻøһ
Ҫǰ⻰һ˵ⲻǣǹ£㲻ˣЦҲڼš
㡭͢ؿһҪˡ
ϼ㾹Զ˵־Ҫ
ûϵϻᶯ֣ûӦۿǰƾҪϣȴʱһֳֻ֣ץסϴİƣתͷһͦθߴ˳վԱߣ֪ʱġ
ίᡢܡͻȻӿͷһᣬۿͷ˺졣
˦ϵ֣סǰ޳ܵĸӵҵӣڼҵˣʹģԺҪٸѰ鷳ҲŹǣɣ
㡢㡢ܰզҡҶͯϾҪˣ๫ŵòУֲƣͰ͵
ЦҲҪϣҪǿϣǣ
ҶһῼŵģһģϺš
ڵǾ͵ȿ˵ˣҪӻؼң鷳𵲵
ȵȡ͢ǺǰŽڵд顣
ȽڰһͷʱҪ̧ͷҲһͷֱġ
ڷ·ЦΪʲôҪд飿
ΪΪҪҡ͢
͵䣬Ҳᣬˡ
ڿ㣬ӣ𣿡
ǣҲӣһӶ뿪㡣ۿ
͢ͷһ˶ˡ
סݵļ򣬵Ŀͯ͢Ӳ㣬Ҳд飬ⱲҶúðܰίͯ㣬ǵТӺúĸ׵Ļްɡ
Ҽ͢һȢһõӣƺðɡһѽ͢һ
˵͢뿪߱ߵ͢ģԺڵģһһӣһĺŮӡ
һҪŮ˰ģк
Цһתȥ
һ·ϣ˶û˵˼ſڣڷſȥԺţͻȻӺ汧סŵҺ͢ʲôҲûѰң˵һЩ߰ĻûӦ๫ֻ㣬ûԵˣ㲻Ҫ𣿡

Ϊһ·û˵
ǺЦۣתȥᣬˣûҲûд㣬㣬ҲίڹԼöһˣ㱻Ƕĸ۸ûȥ㣬㡣
𣿡޵һһģӡ
ȻŶ̶̼ʱ䣬Ѿİ˽ڣʧȥҲ
Ȼˣֲڼˣô·ǲֺڰײأĶͷ§ڻУҲ᲻㣬Ҳ㣬ֻᰮ㣬ԺҾģҾ뿪벽
ҲǣҲҪֿ㿿ʵϣǿﰲȼˡ
ɩˮתͷһͼһӰߵҪûţϽӴǲˣͥڵģҲ֪
뵽Լڴ϶ôͷᣬƼѾͷôˣ˸ǰ۰أ


122ũ4

С๫С, Ҫ𣿡ϲׯƹһ޽˵, æӭǰЦʡ
Цŵ๫ƥ
æµ˰㽫еﶼ˵, ˿ϰ
λ๫ÿμˣν˶ͦΣƥɫƥɫʺ, СӿӣҲǶõġƹƼ
ϣȷʵܺá
ڵɫ, ҪЩĥģӲµء
Ҫµش롣ƹĴһȥ, ЦǺǵӿǸ˼ҵүû˵Ӵ
ƹĿԼ, ġ
ƥɫһ, ӾʹһЩ, ĥϴ, , С๫СӾզ
ͷͦõģ๫, أ
ԡڶЩûҪ, иϴ͹ˡ
ҪƥƹĽ˼ۣʮǮƥ, ƹĻһ˫Ь棬ɰ˻ˡ
ӱŲ˵̣ӭӭ׶ӣĵĺòϲ졣
ƣľͯȢ֬ϰҵŮ˵޾ʮ̧ͯ׬ˡ
ϰҾôãôŮ޸ͯСӣ
Ͳ˰ɣͯϾҪȥԺˣͯпܿŵˣԼѺأ
ˣֻȷͯܿУ
͵ÿԼҵˡ
һϲ˶ţŶ˹ģĻһҡڣӰڶ֮¿ɼһɷˡ
㱧еĲƥϵЦЩ̡
ǰĵҪȢˣתȢ˱ˣԺⶫǱ仯Ī⡣
סļߵ㲻˵¥ǽȥ԰ɡ
ðǻؼԼعæԡ
¥õľ¥һС˷ҪǮӣοС˵һӲųԵϡ
ںƢԾͳԣҲȱֻӡ˵겻ٷԣת¥ȥˡ
͹٣ǵĲˡСһ˶ϲЦ
ڵú
õģ
СԽڱԹѾĵˣҪƣҪüӣ
£û˿ֻҪ˾ͺáЦ
ʣӣҪȫȥֻΪһˡ
죬ҸˣĲˡ
͢ûǱӰ쵽飬ǰˣֻЩ̾ˡ
С˺˵þˡ
ڸ˱ƣҲԼһ˵ǾҪȾƵģҸˣ͵ϣĪ֡
͡һģʧЦƱҴûֹ๫ҹ۰жţ๫ĸܼ޸ôõ๫
ҲǣôõӣҾúҸҲ
һЦ˱оơ
ٷԵúǿ㣬㲻ʤ뿪ʱѾˣصҾƾͷͳˣڼܵһֱšü۲ѣȥܵܺͲġ
㱻ڵûʱȥԵģҸ۵ĸ۰
գȫʹٻ£ߵú͸
§ʣ𣿡
ҡҡͷ뵽ΪŬһ㣬Ŀȥˡ
ķϵϲƵʱ򡣡
৵һ¶Ӷ͸ˣ˵˺ü䲻ڻˡ
ǷޣⱾغߡ
ͷ§˶С
۵ʱǹ÷ɿ죬ת۵Ӷʼ룬ԺҲˡ
͢ûš
Ϣһ˼춯
Ĵ۵𾢡
û뵽ͯȻûš
ǰеͯզûأ
˵׺ϱܻڣ˷ġ
ԼҹҾãСʳǵģóóȻȻȥڼ˼ңϰߣ
˵ϱָʹһһ㶵ģͯТ˳ĿùۣΪûٳ
ã˭ڼҷźúõƼѾͷҪȥʸԼҹͽбӦ
ԶԣƼѾͷ๫ӹɰǸĽˡ
˵ԼҪڼҺ룬Ҳ֪զճ
ͽڿũ߾ҵ۶һʲôҲû˵ֱؼȥˡ
Ӧÿеġһһߵ
еĻƶǽһץֻǴ֣Ҳֻǰѡ
ĽµϹǣȥϴˣûҴȢ˸ڵϱ˼ˣȻͿˡ
ԭĹ͢ǿŲԼҽףԼҹȻҲڣȴûôףҲûһ¡
ΪѿŵԼʲôżææöӺԼҳף㿪ʼƫˡ
ֿϧġϧ
˵ģԹ˵͢Ĳѧʵǿϧ
Ц˵㻹ΪϧˣΪˡ
ֻˣʧЦ
ڵͷԣҼˡ
ҪȻҲԭߣҧˡ
ԭĹУҲԭ֮±ڼף˳ףֻǺԭϣûһǲú뿪ˣ˶αһա
ھãֵñƴ
ᵽ㲻𣿡ʡ
ڵû½վͲ£ҲҸˡ
ҺǰҲ⣿ʡ
ҡͷĹȥûܲ룬ûʸȥƽϣҪںԺ󡣡
๫лл㡣жˡ
ҪᵽһɽȴӲΪЩеܣδܣÿÿ¶ΪȣӲҲ飬Ļ뷽跨ġ
һʲôʲô˵ʲô˵ʲô޹ǡ
һֱΪԼ޿ͻȻԼһ̵Ŀɽ
ڼҺԼҵֵúף˾֪֪ΪʲôڼҺԼҲûк룬ԼһϿһẉ̂һԾ˵ϰʵǷ⼫ˡ
͢ҲԼҡ
˶˵͢׸ԼңԼҵŮ϶ȴǷϵģֻ˵ӲϱܿסԼңΣ޴ӵ֪
ҹ͢Լҵ鷿飬ɶ˲Цų๫ٶɡ
лӡ͢һۣ˵һ䣬顣
ɼȲЩã뵽׵Ķǰ๫ˣǸЪϢˣٿɡ
ȥЪϢɣٿ͢ƿҪʼǡ
ɽ󣬴û⣬͢ӣܵסһѶıžһϵ׼ˣٶǿţɶã
Ҳһʱʧѣ´һܿСѳ͢еĴˣҲ᲻ã˵ա
ЦһʱʧǸûвѧֻԼϹôһҷϣԼҵģԼҵģסԼҵģί㻹𣿡
㡭͢Ǹֻ鲻֪ĻᳳܣһǺȴһ仰ҲֻգĿڶµûš
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ֱ͢Щûȥ
ǲУֻ̫ҹҹڣƽնѾˣϻûϢо㲻ֻ֪һζȡӵӣ
Ҫǻ㣬ΪȣΪǣ㣿
ǺˣĻĺƼףȢһûﵽæʧ
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ɩЦùŹ֣˹ŵģ֪ȥ
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һũŮۿžɽˣװ׾˲⣬ŲŽи̬
ӴǺøôһˡ
˭˵أ
Լûڲ֪Ǿ˸ˣÿÿᵽ㶼Ľ飬Ҳû˵ᱻ֮ܿĻ
ӣӣšͷϳ뿪ˣڽӽ㡣
ͷʮӣũ˵Ǳʲٵ롣
ȻĽӹ
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˸ɣƼѾͷȴǮզôõأ
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ӴѼļ˼ͷСʣµӸЩָڶ
תһȥСһӣ˯ЩȣܾЩš
㣬ۼЩˣˡ§㣬֮һǰҪֻ࣬΢֣Ÿˡ
ߺֲЩǣǳ׶һˣҲû١ҶӾûǲǲ
˼룬ģҽ㻳һڷѹ£ȵǸסĴ
ӭϣ۰ҸҪðˡ
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ڽϸչ£ǰΣڣʵˡ
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͢һ̧ͷͿ§С뿪Ļ棬ɬ͡
˵㻳ˣڶãҶĽ˸๫ķúõͻӲҪȢ˸ĸϻ
ÿÿЩܼˣҲǺڲѡ
˵ʵڵ裬ڴϾָƿڴȫȻ˿
һǾùҸһԼǱԱ£ܲɬ
ɶƣѾ˸ƳҲáҲˣǲʹ죬øĽģҪûԼңн죿ҷϣ
ž
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ɱˣع͢Ѿ˦ˣһƨڵϣ޳ø
ӵӲ±Ųһӳ˵
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áЦŵͷ
ӡҪһȥͻȻͻȻ֣ס˵ȥ·
ڻ˺һ䱸Ŀˣϴˡ
лҪ˵ˣڻ𣿡

123ũ5

, Ѱˣ̫үɼˡ
ǽ̫үߵĸ, һֵ, Ҳǿԭˣ˽Ǿϴˣ仰˵, ڻɻҲϵó
ȴǼ֣λ̨ϴ, ҲǵĴӣֻһũ, ʲô𣿡
ŵס˽ڵ䣬ǲҪɷġ
ס, ᰲû¡
˽һ, ڴŴֲ, ɫ֮, Ҫκûǻϴ⻰
ֻǶ˼Ǹ̫үߵ, й֮ҪԼҹӶϲҲȥǰźˡ
ĳڱȭһǸֵū, ôܿ, ӸūһĻᣬ͸ūŻȥɡ
ˡӿ̫үѸߵķϸūŻȥһ, Դʧٺ̫үͲˣһ̫үÿ£ū̫үŲ˶ˡһʹ
ڼйòʹ죬Ըȥ̫үģͲȥ̫үһ𣿡
˵ˣҪ̫үûˣҾҪܵУѵ𣿡
ֵ֮֮ܶȰ˵ýЩҡˡ
ԵĲ˵˵үӶԭ۰ͱҲۿүӲŶȥһ档
һǶĸӲԭü̳мҲǵԸ
˼Ƭ̣ڵҿԸǻȥһˣǵôҵӡ
áֵܶ˿˿¡Ķǹ죬һŵͷӦ¡
Žڻ˴壬صļҡ
СԺӣªҵ˷磬ֵܶ˱һᣬ۾͸ڹˣūãѰôЩʱղѰӣôôūŸ
ɡڿ˶һۣ˶ӻ۰ҲöΪǣתͷһ۵ҲЩҹúܺá
¶Ц
ϢһȥԺιѼ
ιżݣֵܶ˵ɴ˫ۣǼ󳤴ĴӾȻЩۻ˳
ǲŽڹúãֻһǵ֪νĹúþǽʳ⸻֪ũȤڡ
Ѽιһ飬ȥ￴˿иɩտݺ͵ׯڣŻʰ
๫Ҫǻȥ𣿡һԿʰװĽڲʡ
תͷһЦһȥ
ҡʵ̫ĹǣϾ֪ĽǸ˼ңֻһũŮڴЩã˸֮˶Ȳ
ȥ˽Һᷢʲô޷Ԥϵģĺ塣
ڿ뷨߹ȥǰסְʲô£һҡ
ͷüȴδչ
Ҳһֱ˵ҰҲ֪ҼҾںδɣ˵ǧ׿һۣξ͵ȥĵط˽һңΣʡ
չգá
˽ɷЩϰϵҲ֪֪γαôôõġ
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źһУڴ뿪˴塣
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ǰҾ͵֪ҪϢ׼رǽ̫ү˶գҪˡ
ǵģ̫үû
ڿӣ˵ʮ̫үЦӭǰʱ֪ԼϵˣתͷҪߡ
վס̫үЦɢȥ¶һ಻Ӳˣ˭žͻûһͷߣǺεأ߾ߣ
ίŭ𣬵ûȴҲûߡ
̫үݵΣǲģǰƭҲҲԣһЩһˣҰȥˣҲأﻹûңû游
游ʣվͻش䡣תͷͷ׵ϵ׳游ۿ΢졣
̫үһӣ˵ҵҪҳ߳ʱһкɣ
ͺúÿڽ䡣
һԵѾŵøתͷȥԭĵĸҲ𱸵ڸǽǺ˼ңḡˣЩϣĪҪ˵ҽҼҷ粻
ҵǾţҵļҷδص
ϼ˶ײתͷҪѵ룬ȴϵİ̺ʱסˣǡ
̫үΡΡǰϺ˵˰֣ЩȻѽ̣̺ۺ£Ӧǽɵģ뿪ǰһټȴ˺ۡ
֣ȥЩ̺ۣ޷ȥһתָϣŭʣңô£
飬ϱ޹أŵûعͷ⡣
ϣ׽ڵ˵˲ʲô˼ˣڴϧֵĿЩʪ
֣ʾû£ת̫ү游ΪҳߣԸңȴ֪;һЩ·ߣʬҲգȣվ游˵
һۣԽ˽еĽȻǼҴӻܿˣôˣöʹôģ
Ȼ֪游Ҳ֪ļңݲˣĴڣƽƽȹһ游Ҳϣƽһİɣ
Ը̤ңһǰһѾˣĽٲҵĴӣǴƼҵŮ游أٲԸǴ׵ӸϻһвǸƭְˡ
游֪жʹ游ֿ֪Χɱ֮ж຦£游ֿ֪ڴղ´жʹࣿ
游֪游ֻ֪ТȥҲˣ游Ǹʲ岻ҲТ֮ˡ
߶߶˵⣬
̫үֱıͻȻȫᣬϧΣһˣһִһˣδΣգֻΪܽҳ߲Ըˡ
˲ȥѰ޹սĸ˳ȥֵܶȥѰ֮ǰԶ˵ѰТ֮˵ˣһ棬ӶиģҲΨһ
ȴ֪Ӳ֮Ĵı׷ɱص·ߣЩûˡ
ȥĸĸԽҵڰ
̫үҡҡλεǰǰվ˺һͻȻ͵Ľ§Уʹ޲ѣڶ游ˣûܺúñ㣬ôίʹ游Բ㰡
游ҲĿ˳ί֮˵ĺӡ
ΧҲһʱ¶޳һƬ
һμɷ˴һ棬۵ͬһ㣬ǰǿޱȣΪһƬˣԭҲȴ˿Ҳûֳ޶ȵɷ򣬱ɷ۰Ҹֵӣȴ֪ɷȴһֱδܸƽ
ϸһЩܷˣһӡ
˵ɣǲɵģ̫үڴϣվŵĸ˵
˿һ󣬽̫ү㿪ʼˡ
ϻδһԵĽα㿪ˣ游ҿ϶¶ĸΪ
죡̫үȳ⣬δ˵ʱʵš
ŵõͷҳˡ
ͨڵϣ޵ףϱԩڸ䲻ǶϱӣȴǶϱĶӣĸ׵ĻԶɱ֣
ڴһԵĲϣϱݣżڽ⸱֪ƭ˶ˣƵƤ°һŶĳֱġ
̫үһͣ˾һĻῴ֣
Ҫǰҵ㼸䣬ҲĻϣ㲻ҪΪˣͳϺͿڶֵԭ֪㲻ǿҪҽڶУӵȨŶڶֵ𣿡
޴¡ʸڷϣڸǳӣ̫үִ󣬱ȵӻҪ󣬼̳мҵӦϱδйԹԣɱһ˵
̫үץסص㲻ǾڶӣȲӵ𣿺ãǽҾ̧ڶĸΪҡ
ף̧֣ڸĸΪңǶϱֵΣ
̫үڶĸڶʱѲǽҵĹӦΪңֻʱڶĸ׳ʹ֮У״ڶ˴£ЩұΪֻҪ۰ڶڶǵ޴󰭣ȴ֪ӵȴɱ֮
㣬ڶʱ㻹δ͵ǼҰɡ
ɫɷףԭ侹ͻȻ˼ңĵӳ˵մӣȥк棿ϲѾҲĲˣֻίˡ
ŵȻҪ̧ڸϱǣֻθϧԺ̧ͷˣ
ϵİڳһɥ
ڶǵȴôЩӵίڶаԹԣɵӱɵմӣԾ̧ͷˣѵմӾͲҽҶɣ̫ү⡣
ɫһ䣬ϱϱ˼
ڶ֮ҲòҲգ϶ΪҲط㣬ڶͽ棬˺ͰȥׯסζȥɽԺδѧɲɻ̫ү
ͷһףϱȥׯӣζӣɽԺԶǧһ˴ǧ֮⣿иôǺã
ȥ飬ֲȥۣҸɽԺԺʿҾѣػҺúùܽȥ֮㲻ز֣жᡣ̫ү
ϻ˵ȴˡȥֻôʡ
ι游ɣҲܺúТ
Ϊĸ飬ҲֲֳֻֻԼ˽
̫ү̾ϢθСĸ߳游ܽ٣ĸ׽̻㣬游㸸ף游Ϊã游ģȥɣٻʱ游ϣȫµ㡣
μ޷˵游ı⣬ֻߵ˸ͷ뿪ˡ
̫꣬үһ˰յ裬ſ㣬ڶ游ܽӡ
ǣ游ܵ游㣬ҵָ֮
˵ת㣬游
ͷ游
㻳еСģǧҪӡ̫үæֵ˵
ڽ
̫ү¡ĶЦۣû뵽һ಻ﶼͷҴˣ㰡ڶǽҵĶˣΪҿ֦ɢҶͷллˡ
游ˣҵԾҪ
ڽ£Цҡͷؽš
̫үӶϱô۰ºͣˣӻˣϱⱲӶûʲôźˡ
ЦǺǵڶ۹ãǸùԺҽϣ游ġ
ͽڶһֹۣүӸ˵ֲ̳ڣֻʱӦ¡
˯ɣʲô룬ء˺üܺúϢˣȴ˯ţ塣
ԺҪ𣿡
ᣬһһ游˵סվͻȥڵ
ͷ
ʵ̫ˣ̤ľûƽһҰũŮôסĸŴ󻧣ؼңˡ
˯ţӡһǣȻվȥˡ
ȥ鷿̫үǵ
ƣЩʱӣû˶̫ү鷿תƣϲ飬ϲ٣ϲĽԭģ
Цŵ游
̫ү⻰οˣڶһ಻㳤ˣضˣ游Ҳ֪Ǹø˻Ǹѹ
ڵ游ȻӦøˣ˵һҪܶܶĥѲܳ󣬵ЩĥǱҪԾģˣҲֻоЩĥѲܶһƬ죬游ΪǰѹҲЩܱ޼᲻ݡ
˵úãǰ㣬游ȴʼղ㣬游ǷˣΪҵڶܶһˡ̫үο
ڹأл游̵֮û
úõôֹˣ̫үȥ
ڲδǵ游
˵Ҫӻȥ֮£̫үʡ
΢ʲô֪͵ҰҰʵӦĸ֮أҲյ£游ȫǻȥ
Ӧ֮ңأϰƶ֮𣿡̫үʡ
ӴСʳ޷ĵطȥҲ᲻ܿࡣ
ڵͷܡ游֪һж⣬ÿճϢʵ㣬ʵ򵥣ϲ
һ˵ͷҶȥˡ̫үЦ
ڵ·̣游ҪȥʱԣȺӳһٻ
ǿŤĹϲǼȻĲڴ˵أǿҲãסձȥɡ̫ү̾Ϣ
Ϊ۰ӵˣȻϣܰһȻ⸻֮Ҳ֣ǾͷȥԼӰɡ
ڸ˲ѣ˸ͷٵεѧɹ游ɽҵ֣֮Թԡ
⺢ӣǲ游ˣڽ̳мҵ֮ˣ̫ү游ӹӲţԴ㲻ҪļҵҪ
ʮСһ
ڱЦˣӦǡ
үӵЦ游㿴
áڸү󣬿үͦεıӰ뵽ʱү߹ﶬ龰ޱů


124ũ6

, ̷ˡϵĸ߽Цųϵ
ϴ, ΢, ˣ
ЦӦǣתȥ˽
̬ĸ˽ǰ㡣
, ˣҪٲͼˡס˵ֿ޵
Ͻóƣڹʱ͸Ҫ, ޺ҲܣҶ߶, ö˱˳ΪϺСϡ
ʤʳ, Сȴʤò, ԽΪ, ҲĽѡ
Сϼ㴩, Ȼ, ɫҲݵģ۲ѣŽ, ҵĲ, ¼һӵĿ˸˹㣬׷˺£ôסªׯˣ
ΪСӡһ, ίֵŻˣͷǰһ״ͷӾͽҸϵׯˣζҲ͵Զǧ֮ĸɽԺȥˡ
ԽСҲ֪ģǶ·ˡ
С̾ӹôȥûɱŻˣֻǽ㣬ܲ͸磬֪Ϊģ
ƾ֤ͷӾͶҵŭ
СϾȣҲˣ
ֲǲ֪ͷӹܵÿӶ˺üҲ˻ϷȨڽʲô¶˵㣬˭ûк³ֻҪ϶ȥɱĽڣҾǳһҲⲻˣֻԩ³
˵ſ޵øˡ
Сϰģһȥ˵ǻаҲý֤֤ⶨ
ҵҲˣζʮҪһ˴磬زģ֪֪ȵҲûУã㣬ζСϵְ
ֻҪӻзĻᣬӲҲز˽ˣŽ䵽ǸУӵģ˭Ҳߡ
СϵģȥҴ̽һʱټ¡
ǾллáϸмСϵ֣뵽ʲôˣм£ˣλȢӴˣǸҰ帾Ѿˡ
СϾȣ棿
м٣ϵ
С¶ЦзӶԸˡ
˵ǸлԼĹŮʡ
СϵͷֻҪҽǸŮǹŮԻȥҽֳ֣Ǿл֡
õ˼ǣϼƺѾ˼ƻ
СϵȻͷƫӣҵӶƲˣҲһݣһ㡣
ͷһɴδҪô뵽ͶܵЩίͬСϵ飬ãͷȶҺζʵģǾͱǲˡ
ҡ
̫үͽ˵ЦһԵҲЦ⣬ʮǢ
ͻȻ̫үСˡ
ЦȻֹЩ졣
㲻֪ȻСǺҲΪδŹ֣
ĿڣڵҲǸӸɻˡ
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ҲվЩ๫
ȻϢһ£ҵȻȥ㡣֣
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ڵӦһɫĴҪ첲֣һ಻ÿɰã
ŮԭĸõŮԼǰĸĸȾ϶񼲲ˣ˹Ůϳ޴ȥǰͶԭ磬ڽƫԺס˶ʱգҳҪ˼Ҳصҡ
סڽƫԺǶʱԭЩŮ֮飬˱㶨£ԭǴǺ˾ͳף˭֪ǴԭϮһ࣬ͼˣҲȢΪޡ
ԭĹУԭΪף˺ûлش壬ԳųЦֻǰѰԭȴԭһͨһʱ벻ӣ˺
жԭȴԭ˵ñˣɥ硣
ΪԼһһ֪ɷŮ˳ɹףƻ˸ĵߣֳĽᣬա
ŮԭʶԼĴϣȵı硣
εҪŮ˵ı
մʱ򣬽Ҳǹ֮ѡ˼ǹѡ㡣
ԭһҶδ£ΪЦΪ㸺ŮڴĹŴӻѹԭоĶ飬Ӧ㾡
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Ȩ֮£Ҫ
ҵҵûҪֻҪΪˣԼʧЧټޡ
ֻѰ˵ı̫ߣôҵ֮±ˡ
磬ͦõģأһȥҲˣǲ˺ܶࣿɥɥĸеԸ񣬲ڶĹԶܼˡ
ΪѾˣãˣȴͻȻ֪ڻˣõǸ𾪵Ϣһʱ˹ûǸ˵еҰŮӡ
ҡҡͷûУҹúܺãֻñõˣΪֵĲǡ
Ҫ֮ˣΪ絣ĵģֻǱΪôòŻҰŮӵ£ɻǿסˡ
᲻ᡣ
ڿģãʳŮһۣ
ǧȴ֪һʱҲ˵ֻõͷŽ
˲͵ģڽ˴ȥ˰յ裬֪統Ұ»;ϮЩûˡ
ʲô󾪣Щ˱еĲˮҰʣɴˣ
ſֱ۵ؽţѴˣƣ𡣡
ǾͺãǾͺá
ڼʱˣһϢε·ߣΪԼˣ˭֪ȴ˵ĻұһĹȣҵ֮أҺܸм
еĲյصĿŽڡ
޸ĸһ¿֮꣬±δ£˳ұףСڿٵ
ҧŴ꣬ۿ졣
֪ʧ㣬δеŵԣҲԸһ֮˵ĶԲԣ
زʶȴԼҲҪʧ˻³ΪЦڲˣ
ίãǱʧֽںεأкˣ
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ףҲŵḺ
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ߵԵ£Ȱò˫ȫƣĺùӦһ㰮ӣҸֵĹһ
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Ӧ㣬ΪѰü䲻Ȣ㣬ҪһҸѰҲ̸ĸ
˽ð죬û˵ʲôͷĬã̧ͷʱѾȻ
ллΪ㣬ǰţǼ⣬˵öԣȻȻףĻҪյģޱԿɩޱȴҪܿ࣬ñΪѣЩݱڲ֮С
ģĽ߱ȱȽǣѰһλɾ
ŵŮ⻰Ȼû˵ھô˿̵ǰʱҪˣչЦ֮ò信š
ЦˣһЦݣ´޶ˡ
ٳٵȲڱѾͷ԰ȥɢͻȻϸ΢ĽŲΪǽˣתͷһһλŶòŮ΢㶣Ȼ
С㡣Ѿͷ÷
Լ¶ݣЦųͷ
ǰ˸ɩ
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ºͣӦǺദ֮ˡ
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ڱǰĸò֣ҴδòŮӣΪŮ˵ʵǰŮһ㣬ÿĹ
ЦŨ̹ʵŮԽϲôǺø
Ĺһ㣬ͬˣһӦҲ֪ñһһŮкι֮
ü֪ȢΪΣϲŮ˭ܲϲأ
ʱڹˣֱߵߣΪһˣС
ЦҡͷҲġ
Ҳע⣬ҪǲҩģʱɾˡϸĵĸȻס֡
ȶоҲܣǸˣȻҲеĽҪԺķҲڶһԼã
˵ʲôǹŮû£СϵĻǾȡ
СϷȻɲǣҲ֪ڶǹŮ˵ʲôǹŮȻϢľˣ뿪ʱںũŮ˵ЦũŮҲһһɩȡ
аˡϾò˼죬ѵǹŮͲ⣿
СϵǹŮȥʹϢҽԼҲң˭Ҫ۸ԣϢɢȥͥжŽύģ׵ýҲһֱûͣ
Ǹ߹ѾͷƬˣãòС
СҲˣ뷨ӣģüʱ䣬һһ÷
Сߺҡϣܾܲ
ˣˡʱ輱Ҵ˽
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΢ģʣøûһյĹ򣬻δңܷ£
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պСϵʬĵҵˣϿ޵ȥ
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֪˹ﰮ֣޲ؽȥ
չȼεҡҡͷ
һЦĿŴңôδйҸ㡣
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ɰСͣĿޡ
һԴȤҪϲҲϽһ
ɩĪҪȡЦ˭ԸȢѽԹ
Ը⡣ͻȻһϯϵͣ£˽Գȥ
һ˺󽫺ӽҪߡ
ӿǰ£˵䡣
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һ˵Ľ˹֣ʶģҾ䲻ңǸſƷѣҪҸ
ߵĪҪᡣ
һϼߵĿ˽һֱۣţ磡
ˣˡģڱ֪֣ģǰ֣ļֳ֣֣Ӧˡ
л֣֣˲ѣȭھһ
ٵ˵ǰͷԺ۸ҽҿɲŹ㡣
ַģ֣ȥ۰֣֣ر֤
ȫ׶һƬк
ߵȹˣ֣æŵ׷ȥ
§ס㣬޶ӣϽϲЦ
ú֣ˣ޶˹úҸһ˳ӣ´ӣһŮ֣֣˶ʮ۰
ںĺӳʱͱ̫үӻ˽ңүԽ̵үԣ⺢ӱȽҪϻۣ涼ѧÿ죬үӺǽ
ѧɹң˶췭ظı仯óȣҲõȻ࣬ٶŽҵļҵǾȥڵĹһ
˶ڵȻضӵϵ֪ӷ˽ҵļҵҪȥʱЩһû
νеǰʹһ٣ϣı뷨˭֪ȴ˵ˣϿɹ󣬰۸ߣΪɹʣ߽ԿףҪɣҲҪЩȰĸҲִԲ򡣡
˸
ɽ̫ү̵˼̳ˣںڴƽҸĶȹһǺ滹һŮһҸΪȫĽĶ
κҲ˽ʿԶʶһλŮӣ˹Ұ׵ӣҲˡ
ϲ¸һľϲӴ
صϵͳռĽǾ͸Ͻµɣ
ϣˡϵͳ͡
ڵµ磬ʶִָ磬Щ˷ܵĺһ
лҪ˵Ҳ¸ʲôɫأ

125Ȯľ1


ʲôΪʲôᷢ˵Ľ
ڰ˼, ܵҪ̧ȥ沱ӣȴһֻǰëĹצ, ס, ĲͣĲţϵͳһֻ˰ɣ
ϸԼĽȷδһֻѩɵ֮һĦҮ, ɫȮ
˵õľϲأΪʲô˾ţ
ϵͳϵͳ
Ϊ˵Ľ˯һ׵ĹԱ߷һ, տҲ
ڱܵɫͷ죬Ĺһ, Ӻö
ʶԼĶ뷨߳ܵצӸԼһ, Ĭ, , , ˣ
֪֪, ֪֪ҵȵҲлˡ
ͻȻ-̣ıסҵȵҲлˡ𣬽˳Ÿȥ, ԶĲ輸Ϸһֻ, ǴֻģֻţӦ绰ˡ
ֻöû, ҵȵҲлˡĸ-ֱһֱѭţȵ˿˿ġ
ʮͣ£ﾲĵģƲûˡ
ҴΧĻһ׸߼סլشܽķ羰һ࣬װݻ£ɴ˿ɼ˵ĸʱС
ֻڲ輸ϲͣţ̲ס˹ȥֻĻʾС֣оϤС
׼צȥֻʱҵͻȻ򿪣һתͷȥһ˿ˮ˯µŮ˳Ůθǰ͹̣ҲƯһ˫۾׵Ӧǿ˺ܾá
顣
Ůˣиһ֡
ͷж϶л渡֣ǹû˵Ĵ󣬽ھͷЩʹ˫צŹͷ˵ϣЩ
СףҲ㣬¡һĻڰȴǳº±𷣵Ŀģ
Ů˵ᣬź
ÿצͷ
ͷǿһĨЦֻ˵绰ιС񡣡
ᣬ˵绰ͷܴ󣬽ú
飬û°ɣС͸ż
ԭѹµίںѵĹػٴӿз죬ҲſǻСҡ
ްһĶˡСżˣѾ˾˼٣ϻȥԹԵң˼룬ɵ֪𣿡
ʶס󣬡ҡûɵ¡
ŷְмѪĿӣ𾪣ոڷŰ
飬ҵģΪսǸ˺Լֵõġ
ô㣬ȫҵɫˡ
Ū˸һʳģ˵Ҫ˺ͱһ˵Ѿһֳ˹
ȫӲԭ֮ԱɹΪԭǾŵ
ԭԼȴܳͷ̫ƽˡ
鿴Աֻѩ׿ɰĦҮͷ΢ֻǰģʱֳ˴ˣȥϴë˴룬ϸչ˼ղ
˵͸ɫĹϲѲģ
飬˵ѽ㲻ҪҡСڵ绰ͷͬȹϵϡ
عС㲻ҪţûµģʧֲˣҲ벻ġ
ʵʧ԰˵ˣʵڰǰѣΪ̥Σַ˳ĻᣬϴΪȣһޱȺϸŮѡ
ȴƭѾˣӶСѧˣȴ˵Ϊһ°ܻС
鱩¶ߵﶼӳȴӵԭ£عͥһӺͺ
ĸĸ˵֪С󣬲ԵɾϾ˹ϵһ˳ž޴ʹĥ
һ̣ˣ޷ʵѡ
ʧƭΪСʲôǱҵأ
һӶҪ벻ˣⱲҲû취̧ͷֻѡ
ǰڷˮԼҪСĵ绰ѾԼ
Ҿܻعˣң֪𣿡С񲻷Ķ
Ӧúã˵绰һ˫ÿ۾ֲ
Ůˣʲôʸϣ糬ɡ
뵽⣬óһƿҩִ򿪸ӣҩġ
ҩ͵ĻعƿһǰҩԾ˹ȥ˫צõĵеİҩżȰ벻Ϊ˸ҪҪֵ˲еԸʹ߿𣿡
ֻһȰοȴһ
Ҳˣһȥʵ̫ʹˣСסʹ޲ѡ
޵ôģڲɵдԭУʲô㣡
תô죿˵ҪôοȰ˵ͷ
ͻȻ뵽ǰϿЩڹĹ£⣬ɳ̧צİļڰתͷʱ¶һЦ
ĦҮѩɵĳƺţҲ΢ЦʹȮֻҪŬԼůһչֳһĴˡ
ѩ׵Ĺϣһ˫۾Բģںڵıˮģֿ¶ɫ۵ͷÿĶҪˡ
鿴һͬʹһЦĪеʹ࣬๷ë׵ͷס
ΪʲôҪƭңôôãΪʲôҪ˺ңô˺һŮˣѵͲھ𣿡
СףңҸô죿˶ң˶˵ҲҪ°ܻƻ˵ļͥҲ֪鰡ʲôҲ֪Ҳܺߣû˿϶һͣûңҾǻҪһ𣿡
ۼˣ򵥸ɾŮӣȴҪܵƽĴֻһУ̫ˡ
Ϊӣڸû취ڰοֻţķй
˴ԼСʱͣ۾Ѿ׳˺ңȴˡ
ϲ輸ҧֽеݸ顣
ǰδ֪ӾȻͨԣһʱůӹֽٴοһŸɾЦЦеһɢһë׵Ĺͷ˵ģΪҲɵ£Ҫ˭չأСס
ڼȡ˽׶Եʤ˷ܵµأѾQ
ĦҮαȽϴ󣬽̫һСˤ˸࣬ء
Ǻǡ鱻Цˣһ̾ƺҲȤվȥϴּϴ˰Ȼȥˡ
üûûȣоˡ
лҪ˵ҶôڷܵķϣСɰǶղغô

126Ȯľ2

Լܲţ, ָڼһţţæ˴, һһſʼ
ܲţۿɿ, ֭ÿһڶζ١
θڴ󿪣Եú, շõһΡ
ǰÿһٷΪѶǰĿζȥΨһǰԼϲ, ȴ벻ջ
ͻȻ뵽ϿǾ仰ҪΪԼ, ҪԼԼŻõ˵غͰ
⼸һжΪ, δǹԼ, ͷȴøˮһյ³, ûеõҪĻԼϡ
ɵ
˽еĿ, ǰһɵ, ҲΪǸж˺ԼҪ¿ʼõԼ
ڲ֪ѾţǼ˳, ǿţſе, ȫûаΪ˵ϡ
ţ̫̫óˣڹܲסﷺĵĿˮ߳, ּܶ߳ܡ
ںóԵǰʲôʲϣοڲˣǹӣһֻһĹӣȻȳԳԳԡ
СףԲ𰡣ˣһţŹԣĻҸӵ㹷ɡֽʰɾİǰھεڵͷ
Ѿţȫˣϵм̧ͷ¶һ΢Цʳ˰ǰһ
óԵĹ
ãҰЦվߵ񣬴óһȫʳ
һ죬ʳȴֻʮ
³Թ⣬Ȼ̧ͷ΢ЦĿŰ飬Ҫͣ
һǸ˵ԲСףֻô๷ˡ
ûˣ
ڹһתվܵűߵ
ȥɣĹ
鲻ôȥŹһڴ飬ֻͬˣȷʵҲҪЩʳˡ
ϿֺñӣԼαװʵʵŽڳš
С±ع⵽ϣԺܶ˶ʶˣҪǲαװָҪָָ㡣
̳ﲻܽȥȥ˱꣬ȸ๷ЩʳĺƷһ
ѾϾŵˣǶ죬䣬ϵ˲ࡣ
ΪһֻĹӣڻؼңѾڽ顣
СףһЩҪסˡżĺ
ĦҮʵ̫ȻСЩӣûĦҮ׳ʵҲʮҪܣס
ʹĽȫܿƵǰ壬׾پǣȻʼŷҡ
ʧȥԼĿƣżȴ׷ȥڸûߣ΢΢ġ
ĴϵĴ£ŲԶ챼ܵĹµĺӣĪľůɡ
Ҫ˵Ҳһпţţܾͺܸ˺öá
֮Իô۲Ϊ˲ҵ£Ҫ̫̫ء
ҹԽԽҲԽԽ
˸طһ̵Ͱȡ
ܵߣ˵Ľл
Ц˵۲۰ؼ𣿡
ܿˣؼңãԾıܣһֻϲܵĹӡ
ɵӡЦ
ͻȻðܶУӰóЯıʺСӣ
ѧģѧҵһҹ˾鱦ʦΪʵĻͶصĴܿõ˾߲ϿɺʶҲʱнڡ
Ķͷ˾ܲս˾ʱ䣬ҲҵѧԺ˼۹ⶼʮֶ˧Ըȣδİ鱻ҲԼ£԰չ׷˿׹밮ӡ
ڶ꣬鱻˾ѡг죬Ϊʱһꡣ
뿪еѣʮֱΪѴȥڼѧһĸ
ȴ룬ͷ˽˵ñˡ
ѾüûЩ裬ôһ
ˣԣȻСϻһֻһֻ΢ЦŵĦҮ
ڲ֪ɶȴܲµ黭Լ˵ùͷ˲顣
Ц˵Сף㣬Բԣ̫ûˣˡ
һ
񣬻úܺá
оڿԼǸˣ޸˻һŹؼˡ
ѹķ赹󣬰ȥϴ
ڸ˵ĳţζҸֱðݣԭôóԣѹֳôϲֻҲͦõģʲôҲҲзԡ
Сסϴ˴ĵƣ˷䡣
ڹڵӣȻЩҪǰҹ벻ɵô죿
Уð뿪ߡ
뵽⣬ķȥ
Ųûйأ˳˷䣬תһȦڴߵĵ̺ˡ
һҹѵõ˯һþ˸ΣСȥһԴɽˮлͬɾһ㣬СڲݵϾվЦ
һ紵䣬Ӣͷף续
󣬰лļǵξͬȪӿҪȥñʺͱҪ´̺һֻɫ󹷣΢㶡
ʮĹ˯Ľųͷ࣬ģҪ໬ж໬ˣȲͣĻţһ
̲ͣסЦ
춯Ľ۾ܵĵһ£Щ¡
һ˭ĵ±ģٴζЦ
˳ЦȥϤ˺Ż˻꣬ǰŹͷ¶һ΢Ц
泩ˣͷֱֵҪ̫Цʣ벻ԲŽҵ̫Сףģ㲻ΪԵΪ㣬Ҳɵˡ
ģһ
ҹô䣬ûػ
ת˸ȦʾԼء
ϴͣһһ꣬㿪ʼ
ξе龳˳仭òǺܺãѾ١
ƨƨߵߵߣĻһʱסˣʲôɾ
̲ס䣬ã
ܵڿˣҪʰǰسϲá
ʰһӵңӵĶˣ֪æһ죬ԹִŹȥɢ˳ЩĹ߻һЩճ衣
˯ǰ齫Ѱᵽ˷Ľ䣬Ըë޵̺ӣϴ˯
ڴҲܿúܰģһˣ˹˰ģֻˡ
ůĹҲܿ飬ҲܰģֻҪз紵ݶֻֻܷ֣ƺʲôĹӣó̰˯˯ʵڲҹάˡ
ڰϲΪҲԽԽʣŹ˶ð߳ʼµ


127Ȯľ3

顣糾͸ϻСһѽ§ס, ŵ
ܵѶԼĽź͹ػܸжҲůЦ˵С, û, ġ
ҺúÿСſ´, ϲɴͷһôôɵΪ˸˺Լ, УҪȥǸ, Ҫѵҷɣ
һԵĽͷ, ԼһŻסĳ
СҪס, ȰҪȥ, ˡ
СȵĿ, ˣ㺦ˣôҲҪô֪Ҳܺ, һֱԩ
ûõģʼʱҽͣΪڽƱ, ˵Ҹҵ, СƷøףû˻Ǳƭġ鴹ͷ
Сò, ܾܲưͿɣ
ʱõ֤һһ֪Ҳǻˡ˵
Сۿ죬һģۼˣҲѹסľǣȥҲˣôӦҪúûţ˺Լ
áЦŵͷ
С񲻾⿴ϵİɫſ龪ʣʲô
ʲô̧צͷסҿҡ
Сףǰ·߼˹ĦҮЦŽܡ
С߹ȥתȦŰɫ󹷣˵飬ᱻ˵׼˰ɣ
ţ鲻ԡ
СѣеĻѽвʧȻ˹ӣ
ɣⲻܣߵߣᰲСף£ҵĺѣС㣬Ǹܺõˣ˺ġ
Ÿҷצӣ̧ۿһ۱뺷Ůۡ
СŮӵԸ첻µزµģȻҲһ߹ȥɫĹͷϸһȻҲû⹷ӳúÿ
ڸϽǣǶ¶һȿɰЦ
ӴɣȻöڿСЩȡ
ֱͷС׺ܴģĹӡ
ϲ󹷣߳ˣС񳹵׷ԹҲ˼ְݣϲŰɣһֻҲܱһ˴ǿ
С㲻֪СףȻһô߳Сĺܴů
Сζˣ֪ĹӺãô˵ӦýСףӦýдײŶԡ
ңСסڵͷЦ˵
Сڰ֣ȥˡ
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飡С񼱴Ҵܹż󺰡
ڼСˣܹȥסԲûչ˺Ұɡ
Сףлл㣬飬ùӣлл㡣С˷ɻѾ֪е飬ܸмӡ
ǳ˸ûֱû뵽ͳ£֪Ϣͻ𼱻ǵĸ˻˭֪ˣ̫ɵˡ
ڼС񲻹лѵʵøˡ
СѵõĺƢİοӣûˣһûµģǶҪ
áСͲ³ǰк
Сתͷžͬ־мѣлл㾯ͬ־лл顣
̫˵
С΢㶣̫
ԡͷ
СȣԭǾ죬һУԵ֡
ǣԵ֡򲡷˵
彫ֻϢߺ󣬼ǶܾȣȻʵı˳ȥһܿҶ֪ǱԩģǹҪȥСۣǻԸƣΪϣƽ¡
ķ˿Ҳ׷׼УһʱȫΪƣÿҳҳ㿪ƮԸƣ˼ԸС
ĸĸҲõϢҴҸ˹ڲ޵ȥ˵˰԰顣
ʱѾһ۾һҽףΪԼѾ˵ãֱߴŷԭûҽԺ
ڵһʱ䷢ְˣ˲ҽԺĽһ
ĽһŵСԼĸ˶ˣȫΧ˹ȥ
ػĻﲻͣУһһе֪е飬֪ϴˢ󣬸˶ֱᡣ
һֺʹ˵˻廹İ˯˹ȥ
ֻСһˣС׶ˡ
ˣС˵һһҹǻȥϢˣСҲ¥ȥ䣬̫
ʱűƿһͦε˽һӡ
СЦ˵Σ뿪Сʱˡ
̫ɻĿ
˵ãǾһֶӶӳһֱֱҵ̫
㡣ܾȣԭһֱͻз˿һ죬סһС
Ѿ֪м˵ллҡ
ҪʱͿϴˢһˡ
Ǻ֣ǸţǼġ
лС׺衣˵
ҪǣҲûᡣ
гжһúллǵġ
Сˣﲻ֪ˣɿóϲ飬ǿྡˣһֱˡ
ˣʹ켫ˡ
֮ǰףҲͲټǺ
ڶ죬ĪȴŶӽ˰飬ɷǸ
ĵǸ󽫹ȫ磬Ҫ¿ʼµȥ¾ȥĽڴ߰ɡ
ҽԺסһܺ鿵Ժˣֻصмƽˣ׻ˣ˿ǵ˰򣬱ֹ˾ȥĵĹ棬ܾˡ
һѧԺ죬һǳĻңƷ⣬һ
ʱǻῪֱһԸۣϵʮֺãȫ
ʮ󣬽Ϊӵ˾ͷ
鱧޵úģһѾΪϷɷڰůĻ
ʹˣػõӦеҸһ
лҪ˵СɰǶṩģҶⱾ׼дһԴʲôõԶԸҶӣллŶ

130иȺ1

ԭԭǸԽ, ӹŴִԽ֮ǰݻС, Ǹʵۡ
ԽݾЩҹά, һũ-˿ѧߣûʲô, ﻹóȴÿŷƵΡ
˵ˣһͷԼ֫, ־̵ˡ
ɻʵ۴Խһϣʵܽܵ, 뷨-˿뷨ĳЩϡ
ʵʱǸÿֻ֪Ƶ, ҲܹҲܰ, ͬĺó
ΪƵؿ̫, , ҲҪôŪǮ, ͬŷΡ
һϣԭԸ˿ûӰ죬һµԸ, ҪŮȺ, ӵұ
ܷʵܹǸУԭٱԲϣŮȺӵұ
Ůʧ, жŮ٣ǴĴץһѣŶȢϣŮȺ
ʵ۵˼-˿ʵĥûƢ˶ΣҪȢš
йĸΪ˸ΨһĶȢϱʮŮ͡Ǯ˵ˡŮһʲƵĸл𣬶ǮȢ˸ڴһΪѦŮϱ
ԭѦѦȻҲѦúÿҶüһ˫ӶƵˮСͦεıǣĴݰף使ĻǸѵһˡ
սӴʱŮ˵ԭѦȤҹҹϸ裬ΪûƣҲûʩ鲻£Ѧͻˡ
ҪˣԭĸԭѦַ˯ԭ̲ס˺ӡ
ճȤõԭ̵ץӷΣʱӵұ뷨ֳˣҪǰʵʱһҲкܶɣһɲ޻һͲĥˡ
ֻǼȢѦǮõģûǮʲôҲ첻˵ĸŮ˻ῴһ-˿
ԭˮУĥˡ
ֱһϣԭ˯ˢֻϵţе㿪һҳϵվĪļһΪ[Ⱥ]ĶȺ
ԭΪǲæҪ˳ȴʱ浯һʵ˳ˣ㿪ͷԭܵĵ㿪˺ȴǮһƿӡ
ƿӲССģɫźܾĶԭʵǸĹ
ƿҺ壬ԭ˻ˮƿһֽֽùд[ˮ]֡
֪ǸʲôȺ˵ˡ
Ⱥ[˵ĺзݣȻоʧܵˮСںͷã¿ӳ֣Ϊ˼˰ԡ]
ħ[Ⱥܴܲ󷽵㣿һʲôãȺСںͷˣ]
ʦ[@ħȺ˵ˣ˵ĺ㻹ʲô˼]
ħ[Сڻ߷ˣ]
[ôñ󿴿ŶǺǺǡ]
[@СƻǴ]
[⣬УҺΣ]
¡
һȺ
ʾߡ
ʾƻ򱻽
ԭŽͷǳɫ
[գɱһǧ棬ȳˡ]
[ǸɱǧľȻ󣬱Ĳ]
Ⱥ[Ѿͷ׼£߳Ⱥ]
ûٳ
ԭϡŹֵݣ𾪼ˣûлȺʲô⣬ΪǧʲôϡŹֵ鶼УһŴ˴ֱִʵʵڵˮ
𾪵ĲԼȻĻԵһƼȺֻҪָ׷һ㶫вͬЧ
е֪ˮʲôЧǽˮȹˡ
պȹˮеİɫСƿʧˣһůһĪŸȻҲ˯ˣվ׳ˡ
ֵģµطһϳ֡
˶˯ˣԭһ˳ȥҲû֪˯ųȥҲǳ¡
ԭڴĿĵţͻȻһҲ˯ųˡ
Ǹʮ˾ŮСǴ֧ҵŮҵŸɲŹҹʣȶ룬һ˼ҪʵֻСһŮСԵúôúãһòͬ
ԭȿеľСĸװȢؼңҿԭңϵľܾˡ
˵ʵڵģСԭоǰ¹һĴڣеòõԭԭСĳִ
ˮһСԭСʵ飬ˮǲЧ
ˮ۴СЦŴкСôôҲû˯
̫ˣ˯šСЦ˵
͸⣬ͬģСЩζ
ԭСԼĲܸͬˣһ˵Ҳǣȵ˯š
§ϱȻˡСĻġ
ԭ˵ϱˣ費§
ûϲҪְˡ
ԭŵסС֣˯ţҪҸط˵˵
Сû˦Ҳûз飬ԭСȥСӱߣһûһ죬ž֣Ȼɲһ¡
ºСҲûп֣Ƕԭ˵Ը˽ԭˡ
ԭڼϱϾͺСԼᣬӹúܲ
ֻʱһԭͲˣϾӵǧĻʵۣôһŮأ
ǣԭֶԴŮ֣һһ׼ЩŮӸȥԸŮˣÿȥҡ
ʮº󣬺ӳˣǸŮϵȱݡ
ԭĸ׼Ѧ˸ŮǸΣ̬һٰʮȴת䣬ҲûѦѦµظɻˣѦҲԼûܸĶӣԸŵĴĥ
ԭ˼粻Ѧϣ˺ӺǲЩûӵŮ˼㿪ʼҲżңڴƣŮ˹졣
ѦһߴźӸŻһ߻ҪŵĵѣӺѹԭټҲŬţ֪ԭҸ㣬Ҳû顣
ǺԭźȺ˴ƣ˺Ѧ飬ѦһǮŮ뿪ҡ
ѦֻǿһʲôҲû˵ǱǮŮˣûлңû֪ĸŮȥԭҲûٹʹѦĸŮ¡
ԭ޼ɵ濪ˣЩС˴ǣǧЩвŮˣˮѾʧЧЩŮ
ʦһЩ䣬õЩŮϣǰ֡
ֻͻȻһ죬ԭ߳˺ȺȻҲû취ȺУʧȥǿԭԭΣһͺܴġ-˿ЩˮŮ˺Щ˷ŮҲתȫˡ
ԭǱЩŮ˴ðСܵܣһ̫ࡣ
ԭĸԭһˣΨһñȥŮĥòҲ¥ɱˣΨһŮ˵Ҳˡ
ԭϼҵ첻Ӧеز飬ΪҪʱѦˣһδԣչԭԭ壬˻ȥϣ
˴֮ԭ϶õŮ˭ǰЩȥŮתͱĥѦȴδֹԶһ˲벻
ԭܸжҲϴĸ棬úúѦӣֻһҹԭ˯ѦĿȥѦȵصѪʱŻˡ
ԭѦѾ˾֢ûûˣҽ˵ΪѦû˲ֳѹֽǣ͹¡
ԭ֣ҪԼôˣѦҲ壬ѦǰӣľͷչԼʵ̫ˣһúõŮĥϡ
ѦԭҲû˻ȥͷѦҲʳ
ԭԾƽһ뵽Ѧúõܣ룬źȥͶ̥תһĵǴԸͶ̥תҲҪֲһĹ
ǣ׸ϵͳҪѦһµ
ڴʱ򣬸յ֪ѦУĸǿԭѦַ˯Ҳһ֮ǰܺõʱΡ
ڿ飬ԭĺȺܸȤǵһȤ磬Щ˷ܡ
ֻǲ֪ԭ󣬻ܲټӽǸȺ
ڸ磬˵˵ȳ԰ɣðҹѦŸ˽Ц˵
ӹ룬ס˵㻳˾ͲҪɻˣʲôС
Ѧ΢ûɣɷȻҪɻ
ǰɷɴû˵ĻڼҾ͸ʵһʲôҲɣ͵ųԷģôˣ
ҪְֵˣһҪðҲѧҺóͿ𣿡ڼѦŹֵĿæһ䡣
ѦЦŵͷǵҲǣ˵ĸǺӵĵһʦʲôǸĸѧģҪ̺úӸĸһҪð
ԭԺԲŸıģû˵˶Ҫ˰ְֲų
ûԻԺҪıԼǰһˡڽ˵
ѦʣҪô
費˵㻳Ƕ𣿶ӵĻǾ͵ɻԺҵöɻҪٸɣҪǵĶ֪ɻˣԺŲúó˵һ
Ѧ˵úейǣ
ңͷİɡظ֤
ѦܸˣŽ˵Ϲлл㡣
лʲôǷޣһģҲܺãһҪúõģ֪𣿡
֪ˣġ
ʣһ˯𣿡
Ѧҡҡͷһۣԥֵͷ
£С͵Сҹ¹οݺɽɽзĹÿ͸оɽصĿŵ˯ţɷ˵ȴɷ˵飬⼸һֱŵġ
˯˵иҪǵ»Ӱ쵽ӵķ
Ů֮ԳȱݺпܾѦ̫µԭһҪδȻС
Ѧϲ뵽ִġ
㲻ùܣءڰ˵
ѦͻȻ˺ܣ̤ʵ١
ǰɷãȴÿסͲһˣʲô¶ɷ
Ѧ˽ڷУʲôҲû§Ѧ˯˯ǰѦһΨ̥̹£Ѧаĵ˯ȥǻЦ⡣
ڿ˯õģԽϧ
ڶϣĸ𴲺ѦҲѰӰһӦѦ˯˶æ˶ӷ䣬ȻһŴϣ͵˱Ӿ
Ѧô벻ǧ˵˵ӷֿ˯ǵô**أ*أϡ
ĻʵڲʵһҪ̵˾ȻܵԼӵֶĵĻ
ŵȫѦ󣬴ĸ׵裬û˯ģ
ģҲģҪǶµľͲ㷿ҪǸӵҲҪ˯ĸһֲһָѦŭ⡣
֪ΪѦʲô񼫵飬ʵǺϷĸɷڴ˯һҹ˶ѡ
Ѧǿϴ裬ҴˣԺҲˣ𣿡
ŵİ費ϱһζǨͣټǰԭĮˣúõһҾܻɾ
еĻðֱҪըˣĸҪѦŭһ䣬ˣ
ӣĸס
Ȼ˵㣬ƴӵģǰϱʱҲܣĵĶӾȻͷˣ
ѦҲŵùǺҲҳ
һŭѹȥ˵裬ҳл˵
ĸҲ˵ʲôŶˡ
˽ĸķ䣬ڲŶԽĸ˵裬ܱܲôˣϾҪˣܸܲûӡ󣿡
ҡ
ڲ˵Ļᣬ˵ѾʮˣҪְֵˣܸܲҵ棿
ӣҶΪãô˵裿ĸίˡ
ɷһ˰ѶŮΪ˶ŮˣϣһֺãǶȴˡ
˵裬֪ΪҺãûҺͻӣһģ͵ڴҵͺñȱҲǲһ
ϱһˣ˶ܺɫΪʲôԻȴɫģ裬źӰһŮˣӦøѴŶԣΪʲôҪ
軹ӣΪǺãĸ˵ѵֻôΪӺõӣϣŤתڶеĲ
˵ΪǺõǺõģʽˣʲô¾Ͳܺú˵ǵôƿڴ֪֪ô˵Ǽҵģ˵ǸֻĥϱĶţ˵ù͸˼޵Ǽ˵Ǹûõķ۸ϱҳ裬ѵԸñڱ𣿡
⡢˵ǵģĸЩ𾪣ûЩ
ڵͷ裬ԺʲôܲܲҪˣʵ̫ˣᣬҶҪˣ˵ϰĲãȽӳˣǻѧġ
̲סĸ΢ͷ˵ǰû˸˲Բãһ˵Ҳȷʵǲôá
Ҳ֪һ˵Ըγ˾ͺѸı䣬һʱýĸĹܣ˵һģ裬ҪԺ˾ңҪҲ᲻ܣ
ĸαҪ㱻һġĸ˵
ڱ˵ǾˣҲĸαжۣ裬ӦңԺһҪƽ͵˵𣿡
ҾƣǶӣɲܹ裬ҲܲҪ衣ĸż˵
̾˿ǰֿɺֿסļ˵ģֻҪҵģҲҲ᲻Ҫ
ľǣԺʲôġĸ֤
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ڼӦˬ죬˵Ǻã裬˵£㶼ҵġ
ӣ˵ĸֱˣһӡ
˵һҺͻԺٷַ˯֤Ǿ˵ӡ
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˵ôҪýӻ裬±ҵġ


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˵ȭ, ڵѾľˣҧһ, ֻϣɷйͿЩͣһҲһ֣Ϊ³Ǹҵı
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忴СŮǳã̫Сˣʮ걾Ѿͣȴʮĺӣǡӣݵģôӣ
⼸һֱóԺúϣֺܽģҲøֶӡ
ԭ˺ǿԺģƫƫǵλ쵼Ϊ͹ְ룬ЩÿÿʲôʱͲζͻὫŭйϡ
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裬磬ǿǣؼҡ
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Ůʿ𣿡ڴԭļϳ
Ҿȣô֪ҵ֣
ŮʿãҽнڣŮĸ硣˼򵥵ҽܡ
һȻѹ־죬ԭĸ磬Ȣϱûʲôʲô𣿡
ڽֱ˵ĸ
Һ𾪣Ҫӻȥ
ǵģҪӻȥصͷ
ҼǲЦҲһ֣ǵҲһơ
Ѧ˵ǺܺڽͳÿǷãҪýӻؼȥһžۡ
ɬҪҲʶǷҲǰάöã
ȸһؼңҰ˻
ȷ᲻ͬǽ߽Ҳ
ںѦлһ˼ҡ
λĸͦõģһܽӻȥѦСĶԽ˵
ȴֹۣҵȷǻˣҲһܺߣ¥ɱҪȥ壬ȴֹ˸󲻿ϵĥڼҸɱˡ
Ůһǰһ˵кܴɣŹְѹ˵Ůǲġ
ԼҪӱסԼҲûгŮֻعѣӹɷĳΡ
Ҿ͸˵ˣͳȥʱûҪŮŮ˺ĸ˼ҪǮͲò˼ˣĻȥ˼ˣ
ɱһֱң⣬ЩΪԼ˽޼ɵ˼Ů
ڿж񱨣ҲûһŮ¶϶
Һ˵ȴƲ硣
磿ǰĸˣŵĺһ䡣
ڳЦŵͷңˡ
磬ˣ㡣˽绳ʹ
§СŮ뵽ԭĽ֣絶§˵£
ؼ𣿡˫۷⣬ˣԻؼˣΰɣ
صͷԡ
ãɩӣɩӺһؼң裬Ҳڼ㡣Ѧǰϧ˵
˵ò֪˵ʲôãЦǿ޵ġ
ҿһĻƲͷȥ˲۾һ˺ú˵˵ȥ
ллںѦлͱȥ˵ˡ
ϵķţ̾Ϣһȥˡ
˵˼ҵľۼˣĵʣûжʲô𣿡
ڼſʼĥģб䣬Ҫٴȷϡ
ûУֻ˵Ұһæ˲ʲôģҾú¡˵
ڷ˵İæһýӣ磬ҪǴʱ꣬¾޷ˡ
ѦŽ˵ûˣͽȥԺҲˡ
磬ɩӣǿɲҲѰ̽ߣ˵
Ȼÿζǰְ裬вڣֻ尢̣ǵİְ衣
ںѦһۣʣ߸磬ΪʲôҪѰ̵Ľߣ
Ǵ̣ԺҲû˱ˣð̺һ뿪ѹ˵
ƺʲôʣô¸ң𣿡
ţ¸ңϲ̣밢˿ޡֱͷ
Ѧģޡ
ͷ
ѹԭĹһ᲻˵ܵܵĹҲҪ壬ԭܴʱСĺȴ
УӦѾѽŮˡ
֮ɱǾԼûЩ¶壬ų˽֮ѡ˽Լʹ
ʣ𣿡
áڴӦˡ
ԭҲû׷ŹޣԽõˣҲӲܡ
ãҪ˳߽ÿҳָ֤塣
ҪϲŻԽڼ˶ɵ緹緹󣬽ѦŽ˵˵˳Ϣһ£Űˡ
ԼһСʱڻص˼ңֻܰɳϿӣúܵ͡
ɩ˯СҪҪҲϢһ£Ҽ˵
ڷ°ߵɳϣҲϢŮʿ̸̸
˵ɡȥ˱ˮȻ˵
ڽӹˮ˰뱭˱˵֪ҪףŮʿǡ
ܰʲôæҿЦһλͻȨҲûУ岻Ļ
˵ܵģֻܰæ
ɻĿ
ڱ㽫뷨˵˳
УҲôҪôǱ߲ӦġǼľܾˡ
ȥұӶ˼Ҳʺ취ȷʵǳɹ߽ȴҪңΪҵˣ
˵Ůʿѵ㻹ΪҵܵܵһݹҪԼһУǸŮý㣬㸸ĸֺܵΪһһ
ҽקָЩȻ֪ʼĸĸܵܣôΪԼʧ
˿ң㣬Ҫǲվָ֤壬һӶҪˮȵӣŮʿܵܵһݹҪһҪѵһҲûȨ𣿡˵
ҿô֪ҹˮȵӣ
ҵġʵ˵ˣ֪ʱ˵ʲô𣿡
ҽҲߣ˵Ժû˱ˣ뿴㰤Ҳ뿴ѹ
ŮʿʵĿʲôôСֶôã·𣿡
𾪲ѣҲ𣿡
ǡڵͷ
ұһᣬ£ܻ˷䡣
Լ䴫֡
Լ˰СʱҺ۾˳ɳϣ࣬ҲˣԽ˵Ҫô
ͷ΢죬ϵ˵ңֻû뵽ôףӰóһͷͷ¼飬װڼװĵط
˼ǣͷ˸²⡣
˵´ٴ㣬Լ¼ұ֤˶٣˵ȻҲˣң취
ģܿͻҶ֡һڽ˵
ڰҽͷװ˿һյλãȻ
Ҳͬǽ°صң֪ԡ
ϵķӦҲţΣǮǿԻ㣬ǱҪӻȥġ
ҲӦһӣء
ѦȰ˵ǵٵˣҪѣҲһкӣСһģ˻Т˳ʮˣҲˣδػס
Ҫʲôĺҵ£ɲָֻţҾһ仰Ҫܡ̬ǿӲ
û˽ȷʵҲŮǽļ˽ɽûСϰգԽʲôҲҶôԽкܴϣ׷
ѦҪ˵ʲôסȻǾˡ
ѦڣЩ׷رǽѾҪˡ
ڼ˵ֻõһ죬ҲãӴԺҲ£ǵ
ģǾ͵͵Ҳҡ
ԥƬ̴ӦˣҲˣʲôֻһ죬ȻǾ͸ߣҲҪ
ãлл㡣վл
ںѦʱʹŽ뿪˼ҡ
ĳͷλÿһۣˣ壬ɩȥɡ
˵ʲôԼ˱ƣպһڣĻ
ҧҧ˵ǴңԺӳɳá
Ӵôˣһڽƺ꣬־ͽеıӳ˹ȥ
ӾֱܵҪ㣬뵽ʲôûж㿪ӲˣͷϣͷѪվָ壬һ־庰㲻ܴңʮˣܹˣҪٴңҾȥ㣡
ҸңҾܵܶ˹ʱԼҵˣǰ־͸һơ
ұڵأѪ޺˵ЩҵܵܵĹвң㣬Ҹ㣬̹ˣҵܵܶ˹ҲҪȥ㣡
ǰɣһëӾͳ˹ȥҸҾʹ㣬Ҿ˳ĺͽ飬ýӣǵʲôѪùȢһµļ
ëسϣʹ裬ǿŴ󺰣Ůôܺ飬ôӣ
ʲôŮǶһ˵ˣΪӵģڻ̫Сˣֺ꣬˳ȫ˾˯ӣɱµĸҪǿˣ
һ˵һߴžһëӴˣȥĶ嵽ߦȣһץסҵͷһ־ֵߦȺݺݳҴȥ
һߦȥҾһ֤õˣȴҲıӦˡ
ڣħֵ֣֮á
۾ӭĵ
ȴʱ洫˽ѾǰߦȾͣ͵۾ˣ


132иȺ3

˭ϵʲôã岻ͷߦȺ, ɤʡ
Ǿ죬ӵٱ˴, , š
죿
һݣܵľЩ£뵽㾯, ҲҸӸ߹٣ҲҰ
˿ºܿɢ, ɷĳڵϰвϽȥ, ׼ܹܵ
ûж
ԽԽ, 㿪, Ǿײˡ
ջǰһ, װʲô, Ͻȥ, ǲ㣿
ûһ£۾ţǹһȡ
˵һ, 㿪, Ȼײˡľͨ뺡
Ҳȥһˣž㾯쿴һĻҲܰôΪ˱, ĵƹˣߵſڴţſվ˺ü죬һףǰ߽Ľڡ
ѵǽڱľ
õĿ˽һۣЦŶԾ˵ͬ־ôʲô𣿡
ǽӵλͬ־ٱʵʩұ顣ֺͬһʾ֤żɽ˵⡣
ڣ͸ŶԹ˵ô
ͬ־˵ûе£ҺҰѾ˯ˣҰ˯߲ãǾ˵ˡ
Ȼһɷ
֪ӪܸԼ󣬶һֱ۰ӵĺɷ򣬿ɻصҺǺˮޡ
ҲǳصģȻǵ飬Ǳ㰮ˣҲȥ鿴
ⲻðɣǶѾϢˣҰ˺üû˯ˣͽ˯úһЩֳĻҲģҪͬ־ٹŽѡ
һµĶǲˣ
ûУʲôɫҲ֪˭𣿡
ֵͷȻ֪㲻𣿡
Ȼ֪ôôͨڣǾֳˣҲͨһµġ°˵
ǾֳҪķ£µġ
˵꣬˵ƿݡ
ڸŽȥȴ˿ĵơ
ƹһֵ˱㿴һĻ߰⣬ˤһأϻѪɳһŮˣͷɢкüˣŽţһ
ŮʿڴܹȥŷͷѪʱһͬ־˵úأҽԺ
Ҳҵģһһ߹ȥңһ߶ͬ˵ˣռ֤ݡ
ǣԱӦ£ֿж
Ҫңǰȥǲܴš
㻹֪ţ㻹ôݵ֣壬ʵŰɣȴԺСŭ˵꣬뿪ˡ
ڿͷλһۣһԱʾһ䣬ˡ
ԱҳǸóһڴ濨Ȼͼλͬ¶һۣ˵չˡ
ʲô忴ҳʱˡ
ҳľԱ˵Ѿм¼Σ¾ί쵼ҲȲˡ
̯ڵأ˲ˣһͬСﰲװͷõ˵֤ݣ֤ɽٽƱҲûˡ
ҵҽԺȫ飬ҽĽ𾪣жദԹۣҲкܶˣʹ֯ˣ΢𵴣
ȫ˲
ҽľҲ⡣
õʱŭˣһʱȥңŮʿ㳤żͥΪʲôȥ
ԴϹɴ۾һȦڣǺţ˿ûг
Ҫǽͬ־ȥöҵ춯˰пܻΣա˵
΢ԭҹ뿪ˣһֱ棬¾˾ҪҲǸˡ
ּԲ̾Ϣһ˵֤㹻ˣǾ߿ݽϣŮʿҪ𣿡
档Ҫ˵ſڴ
ֿȥſ߽ĸˣһ޺һޣüЩӦҵļˡ
ҵĸĸܵܵϱһſھǾҪȥĻĸԡ
ĸ߽ûŮһۣ˵ͬ־ǲΣӴǺ£ľͷҪȥ棿
Զԣ棬ǲ档ԸҲ˵
ҵĵܵźСҲֱҡͷ˵档
ֿһӾ˻𣬡ǿŮʿʲôˣͨСС𣿡
ͬ־ĲˣӴܵÿûһǧҲа˰٣㶼ȥܵĻܵù𣿡ĸ˵ŮŮôŸʲô
ǣǾ첻ȥɱ˷Ĵ£˼ӳܣеû𣿡ŷŰ˵
ֱ˸Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻֻóһǾֳģϽ߳ȥӡ
ֳʲô𣿡
ؾһˣº˵
𣿡ֿʱ䣬賿㣬춼ûֳһ㶼ҪŵŻϰģ쾹Ȼô͵˾
ǣ㣬ҵ㡣
绰Ҷϣתͷ򲡷ҵļ˶ΧңڹȰҪ塣
ΪҸеҲΪʲôұô궼վָ֤ԭ
ļˣı
ֻصֱ֣ȥ˾ֳİ칫ңֳʲôôŽһڰ참ء
Сܰǲڰμҵİӣóϣһʡ
ֵͷǵġһصļұ֤Ѿɹˣʱϸ档
СܣˣҰűȥ˵̻˵
ʣΪʲô
ôΪʲôܾͱˡͷ˵
ֲֲܣֳҪǲ˵ԭɣҲὫƽͬ¡
αϾĹ٣ٹභֻڻ̿ЦǵעӰ졣Щõĺ˵ϵ
мֳҪǾôصļұܣڵЦ
֣ǾֳǾֳǾ죬Ϸܻóְѹ
޶ԣֳ֪ҽȥ˵ʲô˵ҪǾֳ㵽һӣͨͨڣ˵Ǿֳһ£ֳҵ
ǲ˾ֳԾֳҪӣⰸϢ
ⶼΪǾֺá˵һУ˵
Ц
βͷʹһεģǿǹֱĺƷʣ֪һܱðӣǽ죬ʯͷԼĽš
ֺˡ
ѹ£Ȱ˵СܣֱΪڰǺ£Ҳ㣬飬СУĸλ굥λǷΪСȥεĵλǲǣ
ֳ㿴СӣֵһᣬҿӺأԼӶµ˺ֵˣҲһøɲ˷ҪĸλֻẦڣԴһͼᶨģŹһˣֳǲֵģҪΪֻܺع
ֵ֪ƢӲֻ˵ܺԼҲԸִأ
ֳ˼ǣ
СϰҲһˣô궼û˵ҲҲȥġ
ֿ뵽ҵļˣͻȻˣԭ徹˫£һþֳʩѹһҵļȥȰܡ
Ҳϸ壬û취ˣⰸҲûصþԽܺȥߵĳ̶ȡ
ڸ磬Ǵȥ԰̰ɡùѦԽ˵
һֱֻˢԭˢȺҳԵͷ˵ãǾȥ
ʱԭѾȺˣΪʲôˢǸȺأ
ţЩˮȥЩʲôˮأѦʡ
ûͣϴ𣺡֪ˡ
Ŷôû뵽ڸ磬ѦЦ
ڹ˹ǣֻ£§˵ɵ˼Ҷ˵һɵ꣬Ȼ١
ɵ𣿡Ѧʡ
ڹ˹ͦεı谮ɵ㶼ԼˣɵҲҪȥ
Ѧۼˣ˵˻ӻˣѦȥϴڼˢֻ
ȻˢǸȺ
ȺֱӼȥģһȥû͵һ㿪˺
˷һš
ȺȺ﷢ˣ[»ĺ˷ֻ࣬ţĳ֨һ]
[ˣõùǼӼҲˣ¿ʰǣ]
[ȺҲ̫ˣû]
ħ[ͬûȺС]
ʦ[Ҳû]
[ǻһű˭ˣ]
ڣ[֨]
ĬһңϢըˡ
[ˣóʱû˽ˡ]
ħ[õһ˺˷]
[Ǯ¶]
ʦ[ҪҲá]
[ʦ̫˰ɣ]
ڣ[Ѿϣڴ˵]
ˣ[]
ڸ磬ǳȥҽԺɡѦʱ˵
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סѦŽֵһ
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û£ոպ񿴵ͻȻһ⻷Ѧ۾ۻ
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˷ȷʵˣڴѦͽ˵ݺ󣬵ͣˣ˲ˡ
ǳˣһҲڵˡѦظ˵
գգۣҲɺϣ֤
һĿڸ߳ùݲԶžһ¥һ軨ҵ߳һͷϣ˱˹ȥ
һ£磬ɩӣҺһȻǻҵˡ
ڰ̾ô飿
Ӵ÷Ŷʮ˹ˣ򳵰ɡվ̨ڱԹš
Ǵ˵ʿҪϳˣϿλ١
ںѦŽõվ̨æ˹ǼûѪ
һ·˳ҽԺһγû¡
˾ֹ֣һҲ³ƽʱʱɶˡ
ڹ˹ǡ
ҽԺҽſ̨ӣҽԺ֪вרңѸʮλим졣
ǰõһ
Ϊû𴲹˻һ
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ԼҲ¡
··˺ôһȦ·
ڿϵ֤ʵ˷ĺЧ
ڸ磬ǽʲôˣܿΣգ·û³õôѵõһѼ̫ˡѦòС
˵һǵĺӸǴĺˡ
ԶԣһǵġѦͷ
ԽʡüٿǮ֪һܸˡ
רһֻˣѦҪԤԼ죬ȥˡ
˵˲վſڲûнȥǰʣܾ٣ôûȥ
Ůʿļ档ָָһĿڻڼȰҡ
תͷȥҴΧĸˣһһȰ˵š
ңģˣܻܵ˱סܲΪԼСίܵܵǰ;
ǰܱסܵܵĹʲôϵʹһ¾͹ȥˣֵģһ̾ûˡ
㣬ͰҰɣ׵ܵܰһܵܣҪǲ˭ң
㣬ͰŰɣյ֪У̥ҲȣǲϰˣԺﶼҪһˣҪû˹һӿô죿
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νӦ֮ߡ
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ֻҪعȥƾʶ˭û취ٰ
Ϊ˷ӳ֣Ƶһ㱻ܶ˿תһӾʹˡ
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Ϊʲôδ˵Ƶϣôµģ˵˽ôعȥأ
һ£Ҳ֪¼ͬϣһûõʲô
øŪˣҪǾȥģǶꡣŭĹҵ˵绰
æƽʱõǸƵҳţ滹֣߹ټұӣ㿪˼ӣѪڡ
ƨ˵Ӧṇ̫̃ˡ
Ǹͬ´˵绰ȷϲͬ´ȥĺĿ׼˽ڣ𣿡
ûҡڴ󷽵ĳˣȻֹܲˣǾͽȺһ
ˣͷŵģ
ԣͷҷŵģҺŮʿ˵˲֤塣ʵ档
ʣΪʲôҪ£
Ϊãûؼң岻ͬ⣬ҪʵĿģԼ˵ˣΪˡøӣǸҲԼħơ
ֻҪõұ֤ݣҾԴΪɣӻãȻҲܽŮʿຣһõĺ¡
һ˴Ĵָɵúã
裬ţǿСóֻʱ䣬ͻȻһͷţ㿪һͻˣæƵǿ
ĸͷһƵɫԽԽѿ
Ӵôˣ
ҸңҾܵܶ˹ʱԼҵˣ
ҸҾʹ㣬Ҿ˳ĺͽ飬ýӣǵʲôѪùȢһµļ
ʲôŮǶһ˵ˣΪӵģڻ̫Сˣֺ꣬˳ȫ˾˯ӣɱµĸҪǿˣ
ֻﴫħһ뵽ϱĻ棬קȭͷȫ
ĸһָôĻȥˣһǻôڣⶪ˶ȫȥˡ
԰ôڼװ¼뺦һ𣿡
ΪʲôֻԼΪ룿
˽̫ûˣ
ҪͻȻ˵
һĿ͵ͣ𾪵Ŀ
˺ѷεĿ޺ҪһҪǣҰ뱲ӣӽԺ󣬲ǲҪңҲҪˣûˣ
лҪ˵ˣѹֵ̫ˣһҲǻᱬġ

133иȺ4

Ƶٶ, ̶̼վѾȫ֪áָǵض, ˹, ˺
ֵ÷з˹Һ쵼ӣרԱγɵල˰, һ永Աȫ
ɷұΪɽϷͥ
ҲĿĲϷͥӻؽ
ۡҺ쵼ӵ£Ӻܿϡ
ұ, ܵˣ, ̣ԡΪ, ȴͼúӳΪĹ, -δ, ΪҸɲ, ֪, һȣڶӣ, ΪҹԱ, ùŲ飬вܺ˼ܺʩѹͼӹ̡
ϵ, ҵ黹Źְлܻߣ˽췿޴Ӱӣ̡
ﲢ屻д̡
ְֳﱻְϵܣϴһڹԱҲְ
ȫһƬк
Һͽͥһڼߵ汧һϲѱǸжǲĸŮʤĸŮ
жʹжͬҺͽ
ȻΪҳܼұԼ˺ͽ͵˼ҵĽҲĶ
˻ã¾ʶԼĴǰȥӻؽֹҵ˵˵˳ǺõģŮ͵Ǯ˼ҲΪŮá
ԴˣδһԣܴôȻܣҲΪԼ˵Ĺ⣬һƵ֤ԺһٽߣٿҲҪһ
Ƶһõ˺ܶ˵ĵޣе˿Ǹø磬е˿˧һ£ڵ˲ٵ
Լ˾ûôˣѶԼкܴĶ⣬ʵ̫ɶˣʮ꣬Ϊ˶ӵһֹɷ鱩򣬼ֱûԡ
ԼһĿҹ˾סأкҲûҴһҵõϢʱֻǿЦһû˵ʲô
һӦҲԱջأΨһ׽ʮƽ׵СңҽʱðĺϷ
ҰᵽǸС׷УǰδеڣҲܼ˵вˣҲٵµĹӣǹ¼ҹһĶɵģϲǣ޹ҵӡ
˵ǣңлеģʱǸСŮůǾ͹˴Ȱº͵Ц⡣
裬ǰӻˡڵ˻صң˵ĳĸ˵
ĸŮζӳ£ŮûкɫȷʵˣֵŮǸֻǵ˵һ䣬ͺá
ֻĸȴýЩϲ
ûôɫĶ˵ĸ־ʹ½ˡ
ؼҵ·һֱ᲻ˣǷˡ
ʲôһǮûĸʡ
ڵͷǣǸ˵˱ץˣҪǹУ˭ҲûǮ¡
ҪᵽǮҪٶһҲҪŮԽҲһõӰ죬ͽ¸ˡ
ǹǹУĸɫ䡣
ڱ㽫е鶼˽ĸҪȥ磬Σˡ
ҪúӸӣĸ𾪲ѣһˣŶô뷨ĸȻϲŮȴҲûҪƽӡ
ŮͳȥȻЩǮȢϱãŮȥǮ˼ǹӵģÿǷŮͻȻ֪ŮȥӵĶǸӵģЩܽܡ
˵֪͵ýɷƲá
Զԡĸֱͷ
ڿŽĸȰ˵裬һɣŮ̥ʮ£һʺһô󣬲ףԼĺԼۣ˴ǣҲԲȥİѽ
ĸקק½ǣǵ˵ͷ
룬˵裬֪Ǽҵĸء
⻰ô˵ĸʡ
˵һۼҵһǮȻǮЩʣҲһʲƣҪǮҲȢôõϱⲻϾͿԱˣڶǽӵ󣬾ҽԺѸи죬ʮǸպõһʡ˺üٿǮء
ģ麢ôĸһĶϡ
ЦЦ˵ͦõģҽ˵ǺγɵĹؼʱ̣û̫رǲŻȱݡ
һźӾͲȫˣĸЩš
˵Ǵר˵ģһҪš
Ϊӣһע⡣ĸֱͷ
ĸȻûϴӦҪŮãѾ϶ŮǸˣΪԴŮ󣬼ԽԽˣļѼȼݶ÷ɿ죬ֵС
ӶϱҲТ˳ŮҲûиңһӺͺڵģˡ
ɩֺǺǵģ˷ϲ¾ˬ񿴵ĸһЦĹæȤ˵
ĸһͰ·ȥϴɲǣҶѽʲô̽ȥĵӡ
ѽСҪˣ
ĸЦۣûҪˡ
νĸû˵ȷʵ˴ǡ
ΪǸƵͻˣһӾͳ˷˿üˣ̽ǱʣԵȥк˷ӳ֣ĵĵһӾһСǾȻһ֪ȡ
ںȺһΡһߡˮˮȥ˾˵ݼΪڶӾһǱ
һʱ䣬ھͳСͨŵģ׬ǮҲԽԽ࣬ڴ˷ӣһӹ˸ԣ
⵱УѦ˳һкĸ˻ˣ˳ͺãĸټ̱ԴϱŮǺɫ۰
ˣҲܸܽõĽɼܺã˷ѧԺһʦ
ûٽҲûкӣú˿Ҳ࣬ҵҲûмϡ
μӹͽҽӵԼסĸТ˳ĸŮʮҪãĸҲûмƽϡ
űְͽ˾ֳλãξֳ÷ǳãڿޣ汻ʡְ
ڹͺ㽫ķԭǸȺϣоһȺʲôԭûоʲôȴĪĳȺȴԵ˥ˣҲʼ߱ˣ˼˼գȺɢˡ
ĺȺһ򵥣þۣôôһḶʲôۣԭȺҲͻȻʧȺ
ȺĴ۾ۼ˵ơ
ûа׳Եͣµڱ»ǲҪմΪá
˳Ⱥ󣬽ڿʼͶҵУõĲ¼˵öȫȥھЩɽĺӺ͵زˡ
ԭ˥˵ļʧˣҲתˡ
ڲ²⣬»˹£ЩÿԵǰͨ;ô
ԭֻһζȡûиܵ˺Ⱥķɣ³ҡ
ͨЩڱȷĿ꣬ƻ£ϣ˶Щ
ķûдֹ˼󣬽ԽԽãڳĴƼңžصĵλͺҲȫĴʦֻܺ߱绤Ϊܶ˵õӦеĳͷ
ѦԼĻ꣬úܴȫضзֵ꣬Ϊʻ
ںѦĶҲΰĿѧ󣬶Թ˾޴Ĺס
꿪ʼͶдҲһڶ죬ҡ
ĸ˺ϼҼֳֳ󻧡
ҸͣҲһͬĿ꣬׬Ǯ¿óơ
ͬӵкȺԭȴ۵üȴһʢ
ȻӦǾ仰֮ұ죬֮ұ
лҪ˵ллṩģӦдһˣ

1341

, ѣһĺϢ
۾, һİĵط, ׹ǵµ磬ϵͳĻҲ
ôѾϰ, ̾һͿ˴ߵĸˣʲôϢ
ǰĸԭĸף, ʮ꣬ɸ, Ƥڣһ˫۾ȴ͸ž⡣
ȳ˹, ˸ģζõ, , ϱ, ߲ˣ˵ֱЦ, һڲβ׵ˡ
һң˸ϱ
ǰɣϸȢ˸ϱֱϱˣ
ϵͳôĽɫЩܲˡ
԰, Ǯ, ˵Ǹѧձҵμӹģһһĺ, Сװ׾СϸϸģҪأҪƨƨɣŶϲ˵ÿˮֱ磬òС
Զɽ壬Ⱥɽƣͨ㣬ɽҼһӵģҪָϱֱҪ̫ѣԶɽҲûԸ޽ʱƣȢϱͳͷ⡣
Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼ˸ĵĹأҪȢϱҪ׼㹻ǮɽµȳӣȳӾͻ취Ů˻
ǽеĻҹԿŴģǳѪ˸ϱܲ
ҵ죡
ڸ̯ˣ̯ϴˡ
ý˹ںԭļ䣬Щûѷθըˡ
ԭڳһΪɽԶɽ壬кü·ҶȺɽƣɽ·᫣ͨʮֲ
ɽ˼˶ɽ˼ҲǳͬһȣʱѶɢ˿Ҳ࣬ŰˣҼһӣе˼һӡ
صжŮ٣ʧ˴ҲͶˣȢϱ⡣
ɽһ˼Թ״˼ĻӻƭյŪ˺ܶ൥Ůӽ߼ɽ˼ϱ
ЩŮӲĸԸ޸ǵġɷ˶뷽跨ߣصԼļңǶĵβ죬ûһӵģÿζӵ·ͱץ˻Ȼӭǵľһٱ
еֺˣҲа˴ģЩŮӶδ˼ҳģļĳ棬ҲͲˣʱ޿̶ڿ뿪ط뿪ЩҰһĴ³ˡ
ԭֻԭһӣֻһĸΪΪ˶еĻǮһѧϱ
ǴѧǸǿӣҲԭԭѧŴһȭߣǿͷһҹڷߵҹԭ˳ѡ
ΪͲܣ˭֪ҹԭ˯ˣŽܳţֶϱˣϽͶټȫȥ׷ˡ
˴Ȼ󣬵֮Žᣬļ˶
˰ҹûܳɽǱ׷˻ȥڴĽ£ԭֺݴһ١
¶ϱˣ˨Ľ˨סһͷ˨˼ſڵĴϣԷ˯˲ŷݡ
ûзܵͷһлỹӣȴûһγɹģȫˣ˵ľЩˡ
ӹ˼£ֱˣԭŶЩٴˣÿ콫˨ſڡ
һʮºһ˫̥һһŮ̥ԭĸӸ˻ˣҲ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˨ˣΪŮҲܣ˼ҵϱһ˺Ӻ᲻뿪ˣӡ
ȷʵϣܣֻһľٶ
죬̥İ磬ȫԾƣϯ룬ͻȻŻˣ죬ﻹд磬ӵúܿ죬ҶڻУĴ飬ֽԺӵŴ򲻿Ÿվ棬Цøˡ
ǣЩûԵ
˶ˣͣǸӣŴ򿪣ûᣬۿ˱ڴУȻҲյһ˫Ů
˶Ƕħ˫ŮҲŶħѪҲ
Լ̥ʮµĹ⣬ɱҲ絶Ҳ߽˴У뺢һ
ԭǰһ˫ŮȫǻߣŶŮĿʹǵʹԼǻˡ
ҪǵûǿЩŮӣҪǵĸûлǮһоͲᷢ
ӦãЩŮȴ޹ģǱõһܺߣرƯвŻвõȴ˴ɽŹһûûϵ
ʱܹԸ⸶һдҲҪֹķ
ӵ񣬽ڵ쳣أ֪˽Ĵ˶˶޹Ůӣָټͥ˱磿
ӣô˵ǲǸɵˣڶǰ˻Ρ
ջ˼˱裬ģ
ӴʲôѾˣ𼱰ֱ֡
Ҳ˲ȥôģֱš
ӣʵҰزˡһԿס
ˣ
ڽӹԿššü裬ȥ񷿿Ҷˣ緹𣿡
Уȥ緹УȥɱֻϲӣԶٺõףף˵żȦȥˡ
ûȥ˲񷿴˽ȥ
ǱŮŵֱǽ׾ģһˮĴ۾Ứ͸žֲֻС¹
˼Ƭ̣ûǰ˵£Ҳ˺㣬ҿ԰ؼңҪҡ
Ļ
̫ˣһʶѳ棬ȴΣطκİˡ
ֻңΪֻܾ㣬˵Ķӣҵţ㲻ң³һӴһɽӹӣҲ벻ˡֱӿżɽ˵
Щݣҧҧ԰׵Ĵĳˣ㡢ôң
Ǻ
ҪҲҪ¶Ҫߵ뷨ÿϺ˯һ𡣡˵
һģҾ
ֻϷѣҲʲôġڼ˵ҵһ취þؼңҡ
棬ϣƭԥƬ̵˵ͷ
ڰ˿ڿʼҪݳһԶķޣֻҲܱ㣬ǧǧҪƻƻǰܣΪͻ˨ԶҲ벻ˡ
˼һֵ˵ͷ
ֻ֣ǰ˲һϣҪʱȥ鿴ΣƭģϤ˵ߵĻҲЩ
лҪ˵дʵҶӵͻܳء

1352

仹æµ, ڴ߳񷿣Ժˮǰϴ˰, Ӹͷ, ʰһ£ģˣװ׾ˮ, 仨Ƶġ
ĻӦʢķϣӦƶĵطή㡣
ǰ̲˸񣬱ݵķľ, ƻƵıƮ㣬žԡ
, 쳢˹ġ˵һ, 𿴡
ˮ鰡, Ǯֵ߯, Ҷϱɱȴϱÿ, ˵ȥ϶й⡣
俴ֱë, ˵̰ܽĿ־嶼
ӦȸһĵŮһ, ԰, Ҫȳԣ˾Ӳˡ
ĿһۣӴ˴ı, ȴûͳԡ
֪һ±⣬Ҳû˵ʲô˿ҧһڣӱȼеζҪͬһЩһ㣬Ҳࡣ
ӣóԲæЦʶӡ
ڵͷ裬óԣʲô
˼Ц˵豾׼ȥץֻǳԣɵȦһǼҵļµˣžµǳԼһġ
˵ѹô裬ϲԼǼֻµɡ
СûǸˣһתͷûԣʣôأ
ԥһ£˱ԣһԾͣˣűӡ
ʵ̫ˣѾüûԹҩҲ˲ˣԱ˲ߡ
̲˸ǴͷˣгɿɹƽʱͱӶǲĴ䡣
̲ˣڳűͣ¡
ӶϱԵúãԼ˻ˣֺǺǵȥϴˡ
裬Ҵȥߡڳĸ׺
һΧȹϲһ߳ż˵ӣȥʲôСˡ
ģһῴסɽ·ԼҲ߲ȥοһģ裬ȥȥͻء˵־߳š
Ҳǣûٹܣȥæˡ
ýҵţ˦˽ڵ֣Զȫд
Ҳ֪ʱԼ£Ҳû⣬ֱǰߣҴȥתһȦȻȥɽ͵ء
²鿴м·ߡ
ڰɽϣݶʯͷϽɣݶľͷӸǵɫƬŴľͷģݻڸߴڵʹβ룬ܣܼ·ʯ̾ͣȽϴ⣬Ķһ˿С·
طĸ¥ȫһ˶ʮֻ꣬ϿĽһʵڿЩ档
ˣҲˡ
û߶Զû湻ͱһ˼дĽкһŵȫ
Ҵܣܣһȴ˲ܶߵͷ
ӻǮģźӵģܿҲ㡣
ҲˣҲˣˣء
˴ɤӵŹӳϷİԼŮ˿ĵľ
ֻȫѪҺˣǧأҲӣһҰ׵վԭء
ߵߣ£ҲģֻҪ㲻ǰߣһᱣ㵽ƽؼΪֹ
˵ͳŴԵůһɢĵĿ־壬ĪһͷһʼͱֳƵһ˿
ӲԼСʱҲˣһ·ȴ˲˴Ů˵ÿζһֽһŮ˸ˣ˵Ļȴʧ˼ǮȫȻûн¡
Щֱϳȥ˺ɽϣŵ⡣
һ·һܵ˼ʣһ˼Ҳڲúˡ
ڴȥߴ˵Ρ
վɽϣӵòһ࣬ԭ·ҲͷصĴɽ£һߵ·ɽ·ʮ䣬ǿŶƾһ˫ôߵóȥ
Զһ޼Ĵɽ͸صȥ
ǿֲΪЩһȫֵǲҶÿ괺˲Ҷ泴þͻװڴȥˣǮһ֡
ûѾʮһˣﻹǼƶȡ
Ҳ˼-ǹʱȥɽЩҰζʲôóȥǮãҲеɽ壬ЩҰҰʲôģҲ˼ЩɽĢާɹɸɻȥЩǮ
û˼˵ɽ˵ֻһؼң衣
Ҳ֪ĻȴҲȰڱ֤㰲ȫ£βξһУ͵ʶ˲֮֮ͬ
ۿ֮֮
ûڵͷ
ѹĿܰұһݺù۰ҵĸĸƽõȴ˹ĵطÿ첻֪ҪʲôΣպͲ⣬ô
˵ŹȥҰ裬ؼңҺòãҰһܶǮģǿŤĹϲҵĲҲûôкþͷ߰ɣ
ǰ̾Ϣ˵˵һģڻʱҲĵˣǱȥһҲõȴӵĻȥУǰһĳųȥһˣǲٳȥġ
ȥһҪѺüʱ䣬ҲҪĲٲÿζǵһϲŻȥ죬Խʡ
ͷǿޡ
˵ģ˵һȡ
Ҫ𣬻ҪȴŮˣմץʱˣЩŮ˾㲻ҲҪ⼫
ϰҲһˣһ޷ҡģ߽⣬Ҫ취ȥһˣþ룬𣬲ܳ׽⡣
ѷѵãҼһֻ٣һǲԵģ˽ںҲûȥȥɽ￴˿ܲҲ㶫ͷųȥһˡ
ãһֻҰѣڼλãȻ뿪
ΪʲôȥҰ𲻽ʡ
һйˣϽڵ֤ԼֻԽڱûǰǣ˵ҲЩ
һ߽ҰĢװĴһ˵Ұܾ裬ץסֻܵҰǳ˫ɶԵģֻһֻһֻûлȵֻһˡ
˵ͷǼʶˣڰѼĢװʣЩĢܳ𣿡
ţɽûжĢǿʳõĢİɣǳɽĢģ¡ڽ˵
ŶһҲְ
˵ķЩǣҰΣһ顣
۾ɽµĿ泩ˣȻʱȥҲΣգģ֮֮


1363

Сڰ, ϱȥˣڴһˣˡ
ڴɽʱѾҪ, ˵, ڱлٻ˼ҡ
裬ǻˡ
ԺＱֱţôŻ
ϱҲͶһ, ˿Ϊϱˣȥ׷һû, öϱûܵ
ҴȥɽĢˣ, ǲ˺öĢڽӴ򿪸ĸ׿
䵹ҲϡЩĢҲɨ˶ӵ, ӹĢЦ˵ĺö, ɽһ˰ɣݳԷ
лл衣ȥˮϴ, ݳԷȥˡ
ĸڶ, ü˳۵, аϲѾͷƬǲˣҪϵʱֵֽģԼ˶Ӻ˳ֻСƵģ
˼ϱָ겻ͣЪ, ȴһĲò, ۹⣬Ǯֵ
극ϴѾˣӶϱ̺ôֺǺǵĹŻȥ, ϿǶӽӣܵӶϱĺ¡
ڴϣȵԼ黹Ͻһ£ҲˣԽҵڡ
ļںǱ߾ͱȽƽˡ
ϯӺͱڵϴ̣ѹ˵Ժ˯˯ģҲʲô
վһһȻ˵˺ܶ鲻˺˹һңͲ˷
ҹ˾йŮģǴŮ׼һʱ嶯
Ҳ˵ʲôѾ֪ĴҪûнڻ˼ҵϱһ
˯ɣҲۻˡ̺ú󣬽ڱ˯ˣɽתһ죬ʵЩˡ
˵ͷߵˡ
ʱ΢
΢΢ģȴǲ˯ֻǼĵģиƣ֮ûһ˯˹ȥ
ҹʱ֣һ龪ѹۿȥˣվڴ߶ŵַĿ㡢ʲô
£Ҫȥһˣ˵һڰ
ţ㡢ȥ
ˣɽﲻǼҰȥҰȥ˵Űͷ˳ͷϡ
΢ģ˴һۣһţʣôҪȥ
ȻץҰҲɽȥܾȥ˵
һΪ룬Լʲôͼ˵Ҫһȥ
ˣҹɽ·ߣڼҺú˯һ¾ͻ˵ӡ
ֻ˻ȥȴôҲ˯ˡ
ڵʱǷҲǲ
һֱȰȣֱʱŲűƿЩҪ˯ˣŲˣ
ţˡڵ͸죬ֻҰץסˣһѵ
̫ˡ
ôû˯ڰͷƷźãߵʡ
˵˾˯ˡ
˯ɣ硣˵ˣæµ˴ҹʵۼˣһ˯ˡ
ĪƽϮҲ˯˹ȥ
ӣû
ˣһѾ
裬ѣ𣿡һʰһʡ
ȥű˨סˣЩǰ˯Ӳ˨ŵģôŸ˨ˣ˵ԺôֻҰģ
Ŷȥɽץģ쿴˼ѡڴ
侪ȣ㻹ȥˣ
ǰѵÿҰѣץϧ
˵˵緹ˣ緹ɡ
õ裬
Žڽսһ¾׼ţסСָڴϵ˼ѪȻʲôҧҧû
ϷݺЩ迴С˵
ͷ
ӣֱӵݣǰס˽ڵĸ첲Ƚ衣
Щľٶ̾ӿɽҲ
件ϲòУݸ˸úùӣ費ġ
лл衣ͷЦ
ֿ˻˵ӣǳԣȥʰһӡ
лл衣֪ҪȥʲôҲûֹ緹ˡ
䵽˶ӵӣֱȥˣ˱ӼϵѪЦ˻Ӵ̫ˣ̫ˣ˶þӱඡ
죬ûвɲɣҲҪµظɻģβʩЩÿҶҪ
ǰԭȥڼһˣھ;ڼҲٳּȥɻ
ڴӦӶϱ˼ӣһˮӡ
裬úιֻҰҪóȥǮġٳǰڳĸ˵
˵ϣͷİɣһúš
ڶӼ׬Ǯ뷨һҲȣϾڼĻϱˣֶ˿ˣӺҲôǮȻҪ׬ЩǮˡ
˵ҼһѾڸɻˣҼڴϱˣܾȡ
Сڰ»һʹϱµˣͲ¡Ļû˵꣬˼Ҷס
ǰϱڼҶٳҲ١
ҲǺģϾϱǻ˴ǮģҪ˿ɾʧˡ
СڣϱôƵģô˵˵ôģôһҲѧһѧ
ǾǣҪҼǶϱôҲ
ԶԣûڣҲ̫ˡ
һЩź壬һЩ̰ĶϿܵ㡣
ڽװ˵ˣϱƤӱǾͱˣɻɻ
˵ЩʲôҾȤҲɢ
ڴȥβݣڲҶ£С˵£ֻܸҾˡ
ͷβݵĶѧ
˼С˵Ļ𾪵òУǴûֹģЩϱĸڹ˲ŰݣϱȻһ㶯ҲûУڣֱͷһ⡣
ϡ´ȻעһЩһһûɶ٣ˡ
һЩûϱ˸Ƕֳú˳Ů˷Ƿ֮룬һҲôõȢһϱ
չؼҺ󣬽װҰȥ˳￪ˡ
ץ˶ҰѦҰʡ
Ц˵ǰСҴõȥˣЩǮãѦҲ֪ϱ򣬼ҵ׶ͿˣҪǲ׬ЩǮӾ͹ȥˡ
ϱȷʵǹ˵㣬ʤڹڿɶĽˡѦļ˵
Ƚڴ˼꣬Щͽ˻飬ӶˣϱʱֵÿˣѾѱǰҲ֡
ԭ㴫ڽһЩ飬ڿòˣСӿɱǿ̫ˡ
ǫ˵УĶⳤģȻҲá
ô˵ûЩҲ鰡Ѧ̾Ϣ
һʼҲǴҪúôϱϱӲǵöֲҲֻӲˡ
Ҳ֪ҼһǸʲô˵ã㻹ᵽѦ磬´γȥһҪңˡ
ѦһҰ˵ͷģƾĹϵ¾Ͱϡ


1374

һսڶڵɻ, ӵҲƽ޲
ɽԶɽˮ, ǰ, ÿճϢ׶ա
⼸ԽӦ, Ҳ¶ϵЦݣĶ뿪ɽĿȴһҲûͣġ
տ¹ʱѦҽ, СڣҪɽһ, ǰ׼һͳ, ʱ䡣
, лл, һᵢʱ䡣ڸӦ¡
Ҳϲ, һˡ
С˵Ȼؼ, ȥɽһˣܲٴסҰ
ȥɽʱַһҰȥʱȴûס, Ұ, ԭȥˣҪɽһҪץסֻҰ
ͷ, ӹĳͷ˾Сľתȥˡ
Ҳתɽȥ
ֻǶ˲֪һֱеڶǣڷֿˣǵ߱׷ȥˡ
ӵﵽڼҴԼʮӵĽų̣Ҫ˵С·ǰǽҲ£һȴҲرܾڸľֱͨͨ
Ҷǰ治ԶҲлؼҵĴϱͬ·ģֻЩԶˣӿ첽׷ǣҾͿԽͬУҲľ¡
ֻĲһӿ죬ϤϤµҲˣһͷȴѾȷ˸
ŵøǺųͷСҲľۿҪ׷ǼϱͻȻһֻֽһľ֮£ͷˣҪгҲһֻס
УСϱҲ˺㣬Ǻ˵˵һڶ
תͷȥǴǸʮĵóҲûʲôϱһֱŹ
ǰȥӵʱ͸߹ҪһҪߣʲô¶ɵó
Ȼ뵽һЩõ£˶ŵýӲѪҺҪˡ
Сϱ㳤ÿҶüˣ˿һֱ粽ģһֱûл֣ҵȵˡ̰Ķڿһֻõ
ľһֱڰʹˣ
䵽ϣ첻Ӧеز飬ô죿
ŵۿˣˮ⣬ˣһѽڵϾҪȥ
ƴ
׼УٽҴ㣬ҲǱģź˭źӿĸջв
һһ˵ǽҵĶϱҽڲŹġ
սëͷСܰôԱҲ㣬ƨҷһ㲻㹩øҡ֮š
ǰȴ鷢һ˼ҵϱ˼ϱ˯ˣҪȥָ˵˸ˣǼ˱㲻鷳ϱ͸ˡ
ֻǴͷһݵˣ첻µز£ǸݽǶӷɱ˵֣һԣɱ˷Żûٸɡ
ϱûͱûˣֶ˱˼ҵϱһĵûǮҲϱˣֻǵҵûһܳõģⲻǰòŸһԲŶ
ĳȥĻýڲΪΪƽڶ˵ߣȻǲġ
ΪȥǰܱסףǲˣҪʧףͲˣ֮ǰҲҪеᣡ
˼֮
Ҳһܵͣ˶һųҵңôʰ㡣
һְסһȥ·
һȭߣ޺ſңſң㲻Ƿץģ
ʲô⣿ҾǷ㲻ҵľǷûùӳԣ˵
һ·˺ˣ¶۵ļ۷⡣
ޱȾݵҧгݡ
ȴʱһͻȻпųͷ߸߾͵ĳͷȥ
гĻҲûУڵ˹ȥ
ŵŸ첲͵ĺˣֵĿŵڵϵһ̧ͷһųͷվǰͦˡ
㿡ЩݣܸߣɽһǰеͿֻɢ˸ɾ·ֻҪڣʲôҲˣǰҲʧжʱͰ
ڿ־֮ʱҵĪίѣһᣬŴŵĹ䣬˹ȥҺú£ĺú¡
£ڣҲκ˺ġ§סŻ˵˶
һͣʣ㲻ץҰȥôˣ
ڽԼϣ˴ͷƣȥãǼҵĳͷ·ϣҾ֪ˡĲ
㲻˵Ǵͷȵˣ᲻ᱨ㣿ڵһ˵ʡ
ҡͷ£ȻˣҾͱãȻҲˡˣ˵ǻؼҡ
أ𲻰ʡ
˵¹øѵ֪ôд
뿪󣬲Զ߳һֻת˼ȦȻͷǺ˼ʱֻǱ߳Χʳ
ʹҪѹһͷ͵ҧĲӣɴ۾Ŀ
д񾭹Ǻ׳ŵ̽ͷһֻΧһڳԣͷѾûˣжܻشȥϢˡ
ȴǴżһϵʱֻʣһͷˣŵȫ飬ֻõ˸ӣĹͷˣˡ
ǲǶ㶼ȥ·ϴҶ¡
ôǣһ˵
Ѧ𣺡ɽֵģҲϡ棬ֻôټˣ˴뱲ӻͷһμôǡ
Ǿǣ浹ùȻǸˡһ˺˵
б߹ϱʹ˵ֺȶ˯ǸԵá
Զԣˣ³ã
ã
ϱɱ˼˵Ҳʹ켫ˡ
ЩûбʵҲ翴ҲǺ¡
ڻȺУҵ۰˿û˻ɵͺá
ԭҲûɱǷᣬȻ죬ҲɷƲãֻûϵôùȻǸˣ춼ȥˣҪǰ
ʲôǳˣڵĻôӵվ
Ҳ˸˵
ڵͷֻʣ¼ͷұ㽫
ǾǾó˿ڶϰ£ҲԷˣ˵ݡ
ڰĸףԺãݡ
ɽôǣվʡ
˵˴ûЩҲ֪ɽġ
̫ΣˣҪϿɾˡ뵽ǰںüΰҹȥɽץҰҪһξûˣͺ¼ˡ
Ц˵˭ôģ£֪ͨ⼸մҾͲҪˣȹտٳȥȺ
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һůҧҧ˵лл㡣
лӦģǷģֻ΢ֲ˵
룬佫˻ϽڣҪǱ˽ȥһЩϱһÿˮȵ
Ͻǲеҡ
뵽ǺЦս㻤ҲҪڡ
ǳ˵£ڰҹ˯˻ȥɽãҰǰץһаֻҰˣڽװխڵļӿڻѹ˿ʯͷ̫Ұܵ
һ磬ιҰаֻҰˣ֪ϽڶǳȥŵˣֽɽˣͲ£Ҫǳô죿
Ҫǳʲô£˭˭ȴЩܿѵŮˣ
ⲻǺúõվ𣿡վԺӽˢЦŻء
˵Ҫиһô죿㲻ΪԼҲΪΪ롣
ԽԽνڣ˯ó׶ѣȻҲڳŻ֪
Զԣ⺢ӵҲ̫ˣʱ򻹸ȥɽҪ㣿Ҳ𱸶ӡ
ڼһһ䣬Ϸһȴ쳣ĺģЩ⣬Լ֪ԽԽ⵱ɼˡ
ϣͰŽڽеĶ׼ã׼
Ҫȥü죬һ·ɡڸһϴ·
ڵͷġ
ҪҪһ˫ʡ
˵ġ
ǾͶһ˫ȣ׳š˫ӡ
׼ֽʣʱһµͼþܹ˳ҵӦһá
Īתͷȥһǰ΢Ĺ£òǺÿ
ò˵˴峤õˣƷֶòȫһ
һӣҲԸİɣ
ں˼ʲôҪȥҪ͸ĸһҪϰ࣬õδôɽӹӹµµһأ
ջߣԼôôƵͷ
ӣ⼸ӣ·϶˳ԣûʲôǮˣ涼ÿԼżű˽
˵õ裬ģȳȥȰҰˣȻǮˡ
Ұһȥ绰
ʱҲҪץ
̾Ϣһǰĸ׵˵裬Բ𡣡
ɵӣôö˶˵˵Բ𣿡
Ǹ˵Ҫб£ͲԿʲ˵ʡǮϱˣ㡣
˭Ҳ˵ʲô۲۵ģֻҪúã͸ˡ
ԽΣ裬Ժһúñġ
úúãĶӽһдϢͿඡжˡ
𿴵ĸôҪãڵ飬һܾᣬҪ͵ĸױץһТһ壬ȫ
ھˣ£Ҳ˹¶˵ˣ˯һ¾Ͱˡ
˴ЩСϳ
ĳһӳ˼ģѦǰ˶ѴȥǰΪӾôҪǴȥǮȥ¡
ųȥ£Ҳû¶ٶȥֻнںһˣԴɽġ
ڽźú󣬳ſڵ֣裬ǻȥɣû±ţһ
֪ˣҪСġ䲻ĳӻ֣гȥǰжҪ˴ȥζӳȥкǲܾûʲô¡
ǰϣܿЩҵһߣͿģڴҲ˯ˣ˯ĵطĪ
Сڣ㣬Ȼץ˰ֻҰҸ㽲ÿɺˣһֻҰüٿǮҪˡѦһ߿һߺͽྡ
Ц˵ʱԷ
ðѦһ˼ˡ
ɽ·ڰһӡ
ɽֻһһɽȳӼңŮ˻ĳӡ
ۣû뵽ȳҲҪɽ
Ѧ³ȳӴкϰ壬ҲҪȥ
ǰֵϵˣлȳӼüŪ˵
ѦȻ֪˵ġʲôϾһϲ̫ˣһɽֿټˡ
ɲǣǾһȥɣҲи顣ȳ˵
ѦЦŴӦϰǰͷ·Ҹϣ
û⡣
˳̣ҡҡλεɽ·һǰһʻš
ʣȳлˣ
أ˵Ѿϵã͵ȥѦ
˵һûʶҪȻǸȥʣ
ɶƵģȳҲӲ۸š
ŶһˣǻǻǮҪ
ԶԣǮҪǮɶ¶ܰˡ
ʱ֣㿪ɽǳɽ·ͻСʱɼɽж
ɽֿСʱŵ˳ڹѾͷۻԹôסֵطȥ
ȳӵ˱𣬴ұֵС
Ѧѳӿ˳ĲгڸˣСڣǵãһֻҰٰˣҧ˼ۣҺʹɽȥɻ꣬һϡ
õġӦ£һߣߺҰڵҰһٰһֻˡ
һڵҰһٰһֻΧ˹
ڵҰôôˣ
԰һֻҪһٶһֻˡ
ģβëΣҰϴֻˡ
˵ٷְҰԼץģǿϵ˶ץҰʱҰצӻ˵ģٰ
Ӵء
ֻֻ
ڼ˺ȥҲ˲࣬ˬ˵
ʮӣֻҰһա
ǮһǧԪ
ſռŲг칫ȥ
ͬ־绰ҸǮ
칫һŵĴү˽һۣ𾪣ôСûֻ
˵ֻˣ˴绰
ŶɣǮүǺģóλãߵſڡ
ڵлæ߹ȥͨ110ιҪ
лҪ˵ڱϾˡ

1385

С, ôˣ˵ļ۸ѦԴɽصߣѾ, ʡ
Ĳ, ȻѦģѦ磬ɽ, Ǳô
ҲˣѦԴɽ˵Ц
Цŵ˺أ˵ǸϽȥ, ʱ仹磬ϣܸϻȥ
С, ôԴɽſһһʡ
Ѧһ׵飬Сϱ, ͷһϱ, ͷһ뿪, úܵġ
Ҳûϡ
ѦԴɽȤ˺һ, ӿӷŻس, Ŵǿȥһһ
ѵóһΣҼһг˴Щճȥ
˶СʱͰѶ, Żس׼ȥ
ϳʱ, ˵Ѧ磬ϰģɻȥ˲һȥи顣
Զ, С˵öԣҴ绰Ѧ˵óֻ
ǴΨһһֻˣֻֻڴɽûźţóɽá
绰ѦԽ˵ûãʲôƵ̸£Ȼء
Ƶ̸°һĽѦ磬Ƶɶģ
Ѧ˵һ¥С䣬Сдеéˮ֮ʲôȱ
ôõĵضϰĸƵأҪҲȥǼʶھʡ
Ѧ˵ʲôάɣҲû۾Ͳȥ˰ɣС㲻ǼؼҼϱ𣿡
ԶԣۻǸϽؼȥһƼģͻȻס˶ӣѦ磬éޣéޡ
ги칫ң칫Ա߾иéޣϽȥ㡣Ѧָһ˵
ڸϽŶˡ
ѦԴɽģ̲סЦ
Сӣ㣬绰칫ҵϴүڻˣЦǺʡ
ڵͷүٴһô
ɣҪȥ˲ҿһϴү˵˳ȥ
æֲͨ˱绰绰ܿ챻ֱͨ˵·άҲɾƵڽһ˿ڵĽס
ԭĹᵽȳ˽׵ĵص·һһһάҲɵľƵ꣬Ѧ˵άɾάҲɡ
ȶԷʲôھͼ˵绰Ȼ·ϻĽɽĵͼóѹ˰칫ϣ뿪ˡ
ϴүѾˣϵĵ绰һֱ죬ιλ
ͬ־ո㱨ľ𣿡

ѵСӶ˸ֻͱˣ
ϴүæ˵ͬ־ңһСӣѾˡ
ܰϸַ𣿡
ϴү˾ַ˵绰һϻһֽһǸòôÿȫ·Ͳɽǵͼ
ѵǸոСӲСµģ
ڵˣģǰŶֶֻ˵ͼŰɣȻҪҵġ
ʮңһͣ˲г棬켱Ҵҽ˲г
զ£զˣԴɽʡ
Ѧ˵ܳʲô£ǸϽ߰ɣ̯¡
ڴӴջߣǼڽѾ̯ˣȽ
һλ߸ݵСӣŶʮ꣬ú㣬˵ֻ˽绰һãΡϴүԾ˵
֣ʣʲôʲô
һûһεлˣڶҲûˣϲȥˣ˾ͲˣŶˣ˸ҿͼȡ͸պˡϴүӰ칫ĳóŵͼ
֣ӹһɫ˼֣绰˵ͼһǰӵĹؼ
̧ͷ۰칫ҽͷүҵһ¼𣿡
Կԣͬ־߼롣
ϴүüҵĹԱ˽绰ʱεļ¼񣬺ܿҵ˽ڡ
ãͣŴļƬٰ绰Ĺ¼Ҫȡ֤ߡ֣˵
ѦһתؼҵķȥûʲôҪİɣҪȥˡ
ûˡںԴɽ˵
Ѧͷӿٶȡ
Դɽ˻ģҲ֪ϰʲôʱȥ
ǻزȥˡڴһ䡣
ѦԴɽԿ
ڼʧ˿ڣæ˵ҵ˼סŴƵ꣬᲻ûɽˡ
ǲܹѦһ˽飬̰ƣ׬Ǯǲݵġ
۵к⣬׬Ĳ֮ţһⱨӦġ
Сڣôˣ˵ֵֹġԴɽԾ
ҡͷûʲôˡ
˯һԶءѦ˵
ڵͷƳ߿⣬ϣһоͽˡ
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һͷĻë˵磬ץϣǸ缸Ƿ˺ô󹦷ŪŮģһѾˡ
Щ˶ɽȥģɽ˼ҪˡȳӸ֣ȳ˼˵
ëЦЦϴǸģŻȥ򣬾׬򣬱ǻ׬ö࣬磬Ҫ֪㣬֪ǻ˲յġ
Щ˷ʱǮŪˣðűץķգȳֻǴˣɾ׬¼ôõ£ȳӳʵ̫ѿˡ
ëʲô˼׬öࣿҲӦõģƭƭͰƭˣȴҪѺܴĹѵ֣ѻѣȳЩˡ
ΪֻֻͺˣȥԹȣֵŪɽһĺķѾ޴󣬲߼ô׬Ǯ
ëҲúЩ磬һۣҪһֽһֽҪұȥ
ëҲǵһˣô棿ȳӳױŭˡ
ëվ˵еģ˵ͽȥˣʲôɽ˨ڿϵӪ׬ǮǸʲô磬úɣˡ
ߣҪһҽʵûôǮȳӽ˵
ëҧסڲɣһë١
٣С֣ˡȳһȭͷͳëȥ
ëбڵأúˣֵܼΧȳһᡣ
ϵʱ򣬷׵ģ˺һŻعȴҲû·ȫ˸ɾ
֣ӣץ˽˿ڽ׵ˣҲҵŮӡ
֣忴űֶڵϵļˣʣ˭ȳӣ
ȳӲ̧ͷǡҡ
ɽµȳӣ֣ʡ
ȳû뵽쾹Ȼô֪ɽŵû궼ҪûˣͰ˵ǡǡǵġ
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ӣôͻˣˮż˳ĻҲ˻ˡ
һһ˵裬Ƕûʲôʱ䣬Իÿ졣
𣿡ӹʡ
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Ъţ˵ǲӣǲкϢˣüЦʡ
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ڰŹϣ˨ӣС˵ѾϾͻ뿪ؼȥˡ
桢𣿡ϲѡ
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վػ˺þãòУԻؼˣڿԻؼˣ̫ˡ
ڼ˳ҲĵΪˣдЩܾĥŮˣҲҪˡ
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һ
˾ͺãȻȥ˺úùӣһУҪЩõľӰ쵽Ժ󡣡˵
ͷ续ͷ΢أ
ңûϵ˵ҲȥΡ
ͷһ
ڿЦһ軨еĻΪ˸ϱ˷ʼΪңҪץȥ
㶼ˣ
Ӧ뵽ģƷãТ˳һҪһҪԼĸףʲôԼе
Уûľѽ
ģȥһúø죬ȡЩʹˣҪչˡ˵תܰҸæ𣿡
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ҪǾ㣬˵㣬𣿡
ҧҧԼûоܾɣá
ȽҪ죬ڶһ羯͵ɽ¡
ˣˣųͷȥɻһ񿴵ɽŶľ죬ŵóͷҪˣŻشﱨš
ˣӶףЩŮ˶һ壬źЦ˵ڿԽˣЩǶȥԼϱȴҲסˡ
ǻˣʲôûʲô죿
ϱǷġԴɽŵ亹ֱð
һ˵˵û͵ûĶǵǮзˣ
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ֻǾܿ͵ˣҵĳ棬֣ͳеǹտһǹȴ𶯣߱ͷ¡
ǹһ죬˶ŵòҶˣҼȳӱǿסˣ׷Ļͷǽ£øɸƵġ
֣ٺбˣźöӹǼǣǻɽ
ллллͬ־ллǡŮǹڵϲͣĿͷ޵һѱһᡣ
¼ԱǼЩŮˣ֣ľԱʼ
ӣˣˣӷˡϢ󣬼ҴҵĻݡ
ںڳ緹Զһۣװź𾪵վ
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ҰǮȫ䣬ֻҪʡŵ㻨ܰȥġ
УôҲӣ費ܺ㡣ֱҡͷ
Ȱ裬ҵģᣬ㱻ץҲܰȥʹˣҪǱץȥλᰤסģ裬ҽȥҲͳˣңҳТ˳ϡ
ҪҲӰԲҡֵĿ޺
§סĸ˵û£֪ܸĪɣԺҲ--ˣ𣿡
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Զԣˡһء
ʵҲ֪ɵˣĻǵ˭û
֣šüҪʣʱ˽ŲתͷȥŮ˹һŮһϸˣ˲ǱˣǱλˡ
ͬ־ǡ֣ǰУһǮȳ²£ǲҪΪ
ȳӾȿ˽һۣͷû
˺ЩеĹƵϣ򽫹ƵϣԼĹȴҪȥĻͷһСӵǸТ˳ġ
ҪǱҪ;˵˵Ļԣھˡ
֣תͷ𣬡˵ʵ𣿡
˽һۣͷǣǾͬ־ûַңҲûŰңһֱңҲ
˶ס
ЩﺰҪǵıŮ˵Ļ˺ŵĿ
ҲܳԾ֣忴ʣǲвˣ£ʵʵ˵Ǿ룬ǲŹһ˵ġ
Ǻˡץ֣˵ͬ־˵ȫʵûжʲôʱʲôھʲôһֱڱңһֱ뿪ؼңͬ־֪ǲŹһˣҲԩһ˵Ķ𣿡
֣ϸ飬Ǳв˵ѵӣתͷڣĬƬ˵һؾ֡
ӡסڲ֣ץҶӡ
ĸ׵֣裬ǵ˵ĻúûţһТ˳գ裬ذ
䱻ںЩԼŰŮصһ𱻴ɽ
бŮ˶ˣֻʣһЩ˺ӣضɽҡе
㱨İֵѶУ֣Ƭ¼øżɽǰˡ
֪죬Ҳû˵ͷûҡ
˵ͼҲطıѾã֣彫ͼչʾǰ
ԣҺ뱨ˣһֱڼƻС
Ϊʲô֣Щ
ɽʱ򣬺ö˶֪---Ƿģ뾯۲ݡ
һС£Ų۵ѬȾӦ;ȷģбͷŶԡ
һ˵ҿЩŮˮȵУŴŷ˰ӣеɵУҾǲԵģ˵---ǷģЩŮˣҲô֪ǵԡ
Ȼ֪---ǷģǲԵģΪʲôҪǮ𣿡֣ʡ
˵ҪǲҲᱻߣһܶҲɥȱȱ˾ƽƽĻؼҡ
ò˵ˡ֣˵Լĵ뷨
Ȼ˷Ǻõġ
ڿЦϣûϹ
֣˼
ͬ־ԸɷƲãԸΪҷµĹеӦеĴ˵
֣һοҪҲľͲôıˡ
ȳӺͻëʵй£Ӻܿˡ
ȳԼë˹ʮʮϵŮʮʮµŮأдִ̣С
˴Щģдͽ̺
̺ͷ
еıŮԱĸأҲвΪ˺Ըµģ˵úԴٶ
вֱŮ˴źӻص˼С
ȥҽԺȫ飬֤ȷʵûܵһ˺ԽڱΪɣ˽ڵС
ԽڽһܿͷϵĽڱͷŻ˼ҡ
ƽ»ϲûֶϷƭ£Ҷƽ
ڴĸ뿪ɽһɣڽڵŬСɣĸʡԼôӵ׸
գڴȥ׼СӹţҲĸиԼļҡ
ãҪʲôķӣ¥С߹Цʡ
Ϥ̧ͷȥһϤף΢㣿
ڣҲϳһ
俴ǰһְҵװŸβĸƯŮˣ˳𣿡
ﺬᣬЦŵͷңҡ
ĸ֪Щûн飬Ϊɽ£һʮͬ飬һҲĻ˵ϱѶȡ
ҪǿЩ˿ҲͲԸ˵ˣҲûٻԭĹ˾ϰ࣬˷ԼϲĹ
û뵽ȥˣͽĸӾȻܲڶ
񶼳ɴϰˣôҲû飿Цʡ
ڿЦûԸ޸ʷˡ
ͬأҲûԸȢʷˡҲ軰˵
Աö˿ȹ˵Ļ̲ס˾죬һ¡
ںԱԱŶԲ뿪˿Է۵׶Ц
лҪ˵д¸дʲôأҪṩˣ

139ʦ1

ʦ1
͡
׵, ɵľɫʵԶ, ڶ˵Ĳɵð
۾, ԼһУĲúܼ򵥣ŵǽдһ, ţǰһСϰľ㡢顢¯, ΪλԸ, Ϊλ

˸룬̧ͷȥ, һôëĹͷ, ֤ʵԼĲ², һС
ǺеҲûýôѽ, ϾǰصҲǵ, Ҳͼֲˡ
ֻǷӵܶԭһѵҲУ
ûۿˡ
ϵͳڴ米ԭ, ĬĬ, ֪һʲôĹ¡
ʦ壬ˣǸ, ǿŵĵӣִҪ洫Сɳżͨ

϶һ˿Ѱζ飬Īԭӵܺһ⣬ɣ
СɳֺüҲٶ룬˳ȥһˣ
ǵģʦ壬ȥưɣٳٿҪµġ
ڱ߸СɳǰߣŽܵϢ֪ԭľֻ̾Ϣһ
ڣҳǲϳұɱŵӣѪɺӣʬҰ㲻ĻƣҪնҲۿЩˡ
ǰԺһźµľŮֳһɷ塣
סֺĴʦŷˣʩαˣ˳Ѿţ˺쳾֮ģԵѶϣʩ˾ȥûôǻͷǰɣӷա
ϺУ㣬ҺͽҲ޷룬ҴɷҵһҪȡŮӽָŭ
ϲ޾⣬̾Ϣˣ;ʩͷǰĪҪɱ¾;
ƨ֮ǰƽ£Ҵδκˣڲƭ˽ңλߵⲽµϺѲ˸ϵ
ĵձûٳ
Աߵĵ˿סֺα£һﵨҷ֮£õԭαǡ
ɡ˿ա
˿ղĿʦΪһٶ̴
˳ʦˡȴʱеͨ
˿ֻýеɻѹ£˵ߡ
ŮӼˣѣڣ
δֱߵǰ˫ֺʮʦ
˳֮£Ϊʦ֡ĿǰĹŵӣ΢䣬һ
ǵ֮ۼʦţӶȥʦ
һжֻβֻǽٻԵԿŰɡ˵꣬תȥ
кɣĴʦĻʲô˼ʲôΣѵԭбʲôԩծϵͳϢֻҩһΣѵϵͳʲô
ڣһؼҡŮ˽ǰȥڡ
Ҳû㿪ǰ쳣ĺŮӣ뵽ҵ³ϧ
Ůˣԭ԰һҩ
ԭ뻨֮»ôǰ˵
ûԭ뻨١
һԭһλɣǴ壬ͥӣƽᰮЩݣɢ֮¡
ҩԭһɽʱصһӣԭҩԼ޾ӵĻ԰ҩ޳˾
ɾҩոһԭ⣬İϿɣûΣԭǰԭò׹밮ӡ
Сÿ۶һҸƽӣֻǺþͻȻһգɵ֪ҪΪİ¶һλԭ˼Ϊ۵Ůһͥӵһϯ֮ء
ԭ뷽跨õ¶ע⣬۴Ӧ¶޸ԭ֪Сɵ飬Ѱ˸Сɸ·
ֻСɵ黹Ǳ۵֪ˣŭԭҲ˷ѣʾͽ䡣
ڶԭǷһҵĻʵۣҩĻʺԭһʵۣӹܣ̰ͼܣҳԣӵˣͽҩʺ׵ԺҩÿÿȰ
Ϊ˲ҩԭиҩһ־ƶֻҪҩһԭͻᱻƶҧอʹ̡
ҩ֪Լ˹ƶȴ̲סԭ˼ȥܹƳҧ
ҩͶ̥һҩԭǴ֮һλӡ
ԭǿᰮݣҩԭõӼеһҩ
ӲϲݣҲϣúõĻðҩˣӱҪԭ״ҩƻԼԺӣÿϤϣҪήҩ˹
ҩ㽫˾ˡ
ҩûκԱΪĿļ޸ԭΪޡ
ԭ֪ҩǻģҩ۰мӣ޶˹۶Ҹ
þǲµסֺĴʦʱԭң죬ԭҩݣԭŻˣҩһ𣬱ںĴʦ
ĴʦǵõĸɮԭҩΪ𺳣һ𣬾Ҫԭҩ٣ٵõعɰࡣ
Ĵʦԭ⣬ԭţԵҲκ˺
ԭһɥɥĸҲֵãһˣǿŸĸµķҲգǣ޹ңӦ˺Ĵʦ飬¾͸źĴʦȥ˽귢ң˺ĴʦĹŵӡ
ҩ֪˽£ԭٲϼһ棬𣬲ʺ쳾
Ϊҩּ޹ͻȥ˭֪μɷ޷Ӳҩһ֮ħ𣬳׹һɱŮ
Ϊܽ뽨ԭҩһĻÿʳ˵ľѪ޾ɱ¾
ʵҩģ˴£ɽͨͬǰǹ£Ҳλסֵõɣλֹħֵɷҩȥ
ɱҩɹ˽µɷɱ˽µɮˣԭԭȴΪԼô飬أײӶ
ôŬȴʧ˰ˣҩʹ֣Ҫأԭᡣ
ҩ֮һƬѪɺӣʬҰ˼Թ죬ŭףҩûɢ
ԭָԭļ䣬ۼҩףɢУɢ֮ǰ֣ǻʹ֣һɻҪɢԼ飬ҩһͬȥ
ʱϵͳ꣬ϵͳԭ԰ҩӵһõĽ֣飬ԭвӦģϵͳڲƭ顣
ϵͳʾԭתʮֵ񡣡
ھȣͨ˵ֻһֵһɵȴʮֵ
Ҳȥϵͳڲƭԭ֮£˼ҩ˵ͷá
ҩϲ֣ûϵɷôˬĴӦȥΪҪһģǶ飿ڴ˴ɱ䣿ΪʲôֻҪϸȥúùӾС
ʦǰΪβõǻһźĻ˿һʡ
̾ С֮һж˳ʦɡ
Ǻ˿ʡ
Ŀһ۵й¶
˿ձ㲻ٶʡ
ס֣˳ʦе뻨ȥˣ˳ԵסʱСɳǰͨ
˿𾪣ʦ˳ʦ뻨ˣǲǰ𣿡
ˡİڰ֣ȥɣ˳ʦֹķ
˿ףʦ
ʲôʲô磿
ȴδ˵˿˵ձչأٲˡ
лҪ˵¹¿ʼˡ

140ʦ2

ǲؼ, ҴȥΣס˳Ҫߵҩʡ
ҩ΢㶣Цŵͷ, , ֻҪڣȥĶС˿ڣʩûһģ, ԼҡһһױȹСϱ
ǰת˸ȦЦʣô
ͦõġڿ˿Լֿ˵ͷ
ҩ˵סĸ첲, һ·ɽϷȥ
ŮöԶԶϷ˶, 羰ˣǱصȥһ
, ȥҶ㡣Цŵ
ŮӵҪȥݡݡ
á
һȥķ
á
һȥ, 𣿡
, ֻҪ, ȥﶼС
ŮӼͷ, ҸЦ⡣
ԶһӰһֱ׷ǵӰһĻ
ɽ¹, ʱֳ˳, һΪССҹл, ҹһһȵĻƽڣڱڴ˴ͣһҹ
ƣ򻨵ƣµԣλƺӣһҹҩ˸ˡ
๫ס°ɡۺϣҩڽڻе
ڻصãֻҪϲţҲطиķ羰ԸΪһµķ羰𣿡
ҲŶǾסϼգȻȥ£һĵطΣ
ãġ
ҩͷۣҪ׽֮⣬¿˿ҵעڻϣûע⵽ǣŵ˽ڵĲһ¡
΢㶣εЦЦͽһһҩıǼ⡣
ҩ΢죬ɬĶ
ĺӰ⺮⣬̲סϮȥһ
Сġҩһʱ䷢ΣգŽڱϰȥ
ǸСۣС۱ǰҵС۽ˮ෭ϵ˵УһƬ
ڼãˮˣҵøϽȥˡ˵žºȥסһ޺ĺΡ
๫ѺӸҡҩҪӺӡ
ڽӵݸСչˡ
๫ġҩӹӸӽȥĺˮ˳š
ˡ
Щûˮ˸Ͻ˰ϻˮҲȥˣ
һæ㽫˶˰ҵҲû
лӾ֮ҵһݡȵ˷׷׳лգҪ
ûиգҲûǵĲҩ뿪ˡ
صջԡºҩʣ๫Ϊβգ
մҵлҲˣϾҸԣǮ˺²벻ͨˡ
ڸ˱ˮݸָԼһ˴뷽ҩ㣬ǽҹΪҪˣ
Ϊΰѳ֮Ȼҩص
ڱЦˣȻǵˣʲôĿĹΪ֮ΪҪգ
ҩˣ˵ҲǣҪǵĲΪǮƵģԵ˼ˡ
һǣǶǣӦȣôҪꣿٵ
ҩ˰Ϯǣ֪ǳĻǳġ
ǿڷ
ҩ˼ǳģܿҲ
šڵͷ
ҩ΢䣬˹ʲôҵ֪Ǻη
֮ǰֻڽӴҲع磬ȴδԹðĳң
ģȻѾǣػٳ֣ҵűǡں˿ˮ
ҩ׺ݵ´һҪж˿顣
Ůӣǻ飬ѻΪΣҪЩѪȵ뷨סȰ롣
ҩæ׺ݣָŮӵĽᣬ ๫Ҷġ
ֻҪһͽԣԵ
ⶢǵĺӰԽɭ
գ˱뿪С϶ȥ
Ϊ˷ͣߣһһʲôʱͣʲôʱͣʲôʱ߾ʲôʱߣˡ

ճСӭ·ϱһŮӱܱߺžóͣ˳³һ׳׷һλʮŮҪҪɱġ
ӾȾңҪΪ潡Ůˣæ˹ȥ
ڷŮģǱ㣬ԻΪͷ
СӣȰ£¥ˣ軨ʮӴģϡͷ׳ŹָŽв
Ů˵Ŀģ
ŮŵͷҵǷ˱˵ĶծûӻͽȥҤǲԸģӾһҾΪūΪҲҤ
ǲԸΣʡ
ŮͿͷлӣлӡ
׳ص¥ڻһŮû
һؼȥɡڽ
ŮͨȥӣҲؼңҪǻȥҵὫ˻ǮӿңҰɣҵţӡ
Һ£㣬ȲؼңһЩǮȥɡ˵ҩ
Ůֿ޵ӣ뱨Ķ飬ҲȥԴ
๫Ҫһңһ֦Ҳǳ֮ơҩ
ЦŵͷǾӵġ
лӣлˡŮ˲ѣֿ˼ͷ
ҩʣʲô֣
ҽлŮȥЦŴ
ҩãԺ͸ǣЩ򵥵Ļơ
лˡмѡ
һ·ͣͣԺ֣ƽ֮Ҳңǵݡ
๫ڼʲô
סջϴãҩȥԸ·ϻȥϴˣٻǰдʲô
ø
ҩùȥһȵ๫һ·鶼ˣ
ǵģ±ÿһ¾ͼһ¡ùȥд£⹦±Ҳˡ
ҩƺʲô๫֮ԸһΪ˻£
ҩ㲢ͻڼ˼ʵ
ҩʣ๫һջǻصŶ
һֱڷδ뿪ڻء
ҩЦǰֻǻ˸طжѡ
ֻҪз𲻹ڷŻжУзĴҲؾдһʣ˱ʵҩһЩҲΪ㡣
ҩ⣬Ϊң
ûˣ;һΥһήңҰˣһͶ̥Ϊˣȴлҷ֮գܻºĹ£ʱ֮ʱԹ֣𡣡
ҩиж๫ôΪ룬ȴ˼̫Ӧˡ
Ȼ֪ӦãԺͰҶЩ£Ҳϣ¡
ҩͷãǶ££ʱжأǾһˡ
ǵɭ
ϴȥŷطϢ
һһ߸̫̾ˣôõӣӲúÿĵҲãȻӶһڼﶼûôõĴһжУúñǡ
ֻͻȻһ壬ʹ಻ѣһŻָƽЦȴɭ


141ʦ3

ž
صİƴ, СŻίĿǰŮ, Ϊʲôˣ
緹, ͵ȥˣŮ˫ֲһɷ
Сɥû˵Ҫ緹
û˵ҲӦ, ǿǻӵģҵ
СǿջĹ涨緹ҪԼ¥Եģ͡
Ͳָͣһ, ׺ʡ
СӦ, ͣС͸á
Ͻ, ҪǶҼ, СĹ˵, һ, תȥˡ
С׵, Ĩȥ͡
߳ŵĽڿһĻ΢
ƥԳԳ, ֪, 㡣Ǻһιһ
һҲι˿һôԹصģû㿪Ǯαһƥû㡣
ƨ¡ŭȡ
࣬ҵĸ, ΪóģҲӣأƢӻҲܵ㣿
˵һԣָв
Ҳô㻹˲ɣ
еָɫָףҪϮȥ
࣬㣬ʱ溰
ͣ˶
ಢ֪ոЩûǵ˻һۣ첽뿪ˡ
Թ߶ȥӰҪӰѪ
ιôιôãһݺ߱ʡ
ոһˣҲ֪λ˵ˣһιһ˵һ䣬׵Ҫˣ͸˼䡣
ݺҵûۼҵġ
ҿȥ
ѽӵøģԿġ
ӶĲˡ
ݺҡͷȥˡ
ӣˣˡ緹˷䣬Цŵ
ڶӿһۣû
ҩ߳Цһ԰ɡ
лˡлҪ
ʱ⴫Ųһ˾͵ſڣͷָ࣬Żһ˵үɱǵ
ʲô£ҩǰʡ
к֣һλˣҵոǣҵ˵ɱģǹ֤
ҩӣʲôᣬСƽ˵ᣬôɱ֣
ˣǱɱˣˣǰҷ˿ڽǣûȻǵϡ
һ֣ŵöҪˣӣˣûɱǰֻλ˼죬Ҳȥɱҵ
װʲôһɱģװһģ
ҩ󣬿ˣҡûС
úˣǰҪ֣ȴݺסˡ
£Ųġҩ껪֤֤ǻģ
ʱֻһˣ뿪ˣ˭
ҲûۿҲ֤֤ǻΪôһҧأҩ
ȴֲʣûбˡ
ǶԻгɼ˵ǾǹٲˣҲ֤֤һ֤֤⿿²޷ҩ
˻ҪҵͻˣһƥѣǵòҲ׷ˡ˵˾Ҫ뿪
ȴס
к£ֿڲʡ
ڵһƥǮ빫¡
ǲǲΪҪǮָǲˡ
ڵȻӵ򻪶ģǮӦ⣬±˽ᣬӰ쵽Ҷ˱òʧˡ
ɱˣʡ
ڵˡ
ҩͻһ
ҲЩȣжԽ˿⣬ӵãȻͨ±ˣԺٲᡣ
лӡڹһҾ
ִ뿪ˡ
ӣΪɾ˽£಻ʡ
ֵλӲǳˣСһ׮ǲԹ
ūͦƽģǳòӺԾͬˣ
ֵ˵Ļ⣬㻹СǶԷޱضĪҪȥǡ
ǵɱǵǾˣ಻
ݺһѣӵİɣ¡
˾죬Ĳ鲻ԸӦˡ
һߣҩʣ๫ΪҪ´£
ǣɱģӸӲͱʾɱ𣿡ίֵ
ҩŹϣ򻪶ѵɱ𣿡
Ȼǡʸڷϡ
ָϵѪģ
æͷȥȻȾһѪɫһ
ҩ𾪣Ȼɱģ
عҪϡ
ڵۿɱƱ𣿡
Ȼɱˡ
ΪʲôҪôҩʡ
޷Ʊ磬ֻõƥʳǵݣ˵˼䣬ոλľˣɱƥ
ƽʱɱҵģôɱҩʡ
ҵʱͷ¼ˡ
´βȥɡڴջߣ
˿תȥ
ҩЩţ񻪶ӾȻɱҪ๫ǲŵġ
ʵҲûпɱڸԼ˱ˮһڵ
ҩȣʲô뵽ʲôոڲģ
ڵ˵ͷǼѪŶ϶ɱ֪׳ϣԲڲ
Ƕ˵˲ڲ๫ˡҩ
§ѷ䣬ֺֹգ
ҩһ̣ЦС
Ҳǵģҵֻô׷ŹҪұصۣ´λôײСҹصԼķ䣬һ̴һߺݺԹ
ݺΣҪ˵ʲôСݺҷȥź򡣡
˲˯𣿡ݺֹ߸ŵСˡ
ŹǷȥţʱһӰ˽Ÿˣһһǻ㡢ʲô
˵أһ˫˪ֱࡣ
ñʶһҪУˡ
δڣգ۵Ĺ򻪶͵ǰסĲӣƴȴѣסӱˣõɴ˫ۣ㡢㲻ǡˣ
֪̫ˣһǵһӶˡ
Ͷ
СǳԴҩҴѾ˯ˣҰһˡʱݺˡ
ۣ˸ģȥ
ݺƿžͼһӰ˳ȥ࣬ȥһѾˣŵô˳ȥ֣ɱˡ


142ʦ4

, ɱ˵֣ҹջͨ, ջ˶Żվſ, ǳſջкš
ǰмľ㣬дʡ
龰ǹһĨЦ, ߳˵һˣҼҷ, Ǹû, ҼҹǰǽסֵĹŵӣҼҷҪǻ, Ӷġ
, ҷ˹Ȼ, û, ɱࡣݺ
ҹӻǰĹסֺĴʦĹŵ, ǸУһ˾
жѹ־λڲͬԭǴʦ
, һкһһ, Υ׳ġ
;һǴġ
ܷŹɱ˵֣ܷŹ֣
ջ, ҩԽڵ๫ңҳȥʹ˵ûɱˣû֤Ҳô
±֪ˣûɱ˴Ҳݲ㣬ȥҴǡס
ҩŽʣ๫ң
ġ֣Ҳᱣ㡣
ҩЦˣҾͲˣһȥ˵
áڵ˵ͷ˿ջ
Ҳֳˣʦ죬סԷٺˡݺŵô󺰡
ļΧסںҩһҩֻͷۻܼˡ
§סҩеʦͣ£˵䡣
ʩҪԣÿҵ֡ͷĺе
ڽ͵ʦҼǺδˣʦ顣
ʩѾԻǣѾɱһһҵȽվ˼ڡǺ˵ȡ²ϵķͳҩȥ
ϳǷ鲻ǷǿķǻҩػὫԭΣ˲һۿǴϮķ顣
žžžһɢڵأõǡ
ʱҲһģ˺УҩҲָԭһϮµױ硣
ǼоһǺһ
ֵҲŵ˿ҳ
ͷĺпŽȰͬˣʦͷǰĪҪΪһԻΪ
ǽסֵĹŵӣʦĴʦ뼸λʦ̧֣һڴ˸˵
ͷĺҡҡͷĴʦǵõɮҲʧ֮Ĵʦûϵ᷸½ɱ
ûɱ顣һɱ˵ˡ
ͷĺʣȻƶûɱˣɱ˵˭
ָһ
˳ֿȥָǻвţΪΪ˰ҩѼ޻ˡ
ҩǻɱġ
ֺݺһۣȴЩˡ
װһʧģңҡ
ͷĺеλŮʩ޸֮ɱˣ
ʦѵŮѱ︽壿ʡ
һǺʱֵģ
ͷĺпãûһɻĿڡ
ҩ˺һҲû
ЦЦ˫ֺʮ˶Ȼȥ
һǿɫ䣬Ҳװˣæ㿪ǹ֮ݺݻУ¶Ŀ
ǣҩǰĺӰ켫ˡ
ͷĺо÷ǰ
˼ڵϲ£ɫŵˡ
ֺݺҲȷɱ
УǺʱֱģҹ춯˶ӣŽʡ
ڵ㶯ִСʱҾͷˣǴ꣬ʲô˽⣬ͻȻ׺ݣΨһĽ;Ǳа塣
ϻɱ֮£ȷ²⣬δ֪ʲô
ɱ޻ңֹ⽫ǵݱ¶㾿кĿģҩŭʡ
ˣһΣʱȰһܾͬˣû
û뵽Ȼһֱڰи
ϴζͽֵҲȥûٶ֣Ҫˣû뵽Ȼ˻
ΪȻûвǽֻһºе˷ˣѵзԵһʱ䣬Ϊˡ
ҹ쿴ҩ̰㱾ȴƫҪˣһʲô£ʲô£Ӧøһ磬ΪΪǡ
Ҳúճɣһˡҩء
ԭĿ磬һ
ҹЦɺڣǲѭЩʲôʲô
˻йأɲͲǴ𣿡ҩŭʡ
ҹЦŲ£ֻԼ첻ŵء
ִԲ򡣡ҩ£ǰҪ֡
㲻Ķ֣ɡ
ԭĹУƻҩźҩ·Ҫȡ޹ֻع
Уɱ㣬ٰȥҪΪһһ˲ĹҹָŽڵ
ڵҩǻ飬һƣصǹ
ɱ㣡ҹǰ
ƿҩӭȥ
һһһ˸岻ֻ֣š
ֻûãҹˣصڵأºѪ
ڴӿڵ棬˸ˣӷա
ܣ㲻һ£λǿķҹؿڲŵʡ
ڵвʱ䳤̣вضаҲ޳
Ҳ֣ܰܣҹ˵ţҪߡ
ȴӣóһƴĺ«˶ҹս˺«Ȼҧָ˵«ڸˡ
ҩһôã֪ϻȱҲ֪˸ǿһʱ侪ò֪˵ʲôá
Ǽмڷǿȥˣнڣ⻨˶ġ
ҼˣҲġ
ߵǰллʦ
Ӳлٴ뿪ĪҪ¶ˡڴóһŷ˷ɻƽ͵ˡ
ݺ޵ˡ
עд٣ڰȰ
ˣǸٽ㲻УҲҹµȻҲַ֮¡
ֲٶԣл´޶뿪˿ջ
ֳ˵ҷģֻҪһգͲٺˣֻҩǺҸһ֮ء
ʦġ׼ŷѡ
ڵлƹĻ̌طϢҩҲ˷䡣
๫ǿҾ֪ҩпһۣ
᲻һսҲսǺ«֮У
ڿĵǣģԶ֡
Ҳڽղŷ֣Ȼ˷ԭ˯ڵĵˡ
㡣ҩһϣЦŵ
ںҩݴ꣬ǿҽݽѧգ˼׮£±ǵġ
ȥ˱ĵطÿһطͻһµĹ±ѱӼ뿪
ʮǼʮ±˺Ĺ¡
һǿĴʦһòĴ¡
ӦĹ£ּöعɰࡣ
λǰգȥ¼˺ĴʦӼعɰ࣬ʦС
ӷգѾĻҲδ뻨عɰ࣬޾ɱ¾ȴƾһ֮дҽ֣عɽ磬ɾĴʦ̾
ǫֻѭʦ̻壬Ϊն
ɲд˵Ľ֣ҲΪٹܵù޵ʱɽپۡĴʦм
˫ֺʮӵʦɽؾۡ
๫ɺǻһ𣿡ҩŽڵһɽһʡ
ЦŵͷܣһֱһˣҲֿ
лл๫Ҫ;Ҫ;˵صɽ磬Ҳѱ
Ƚڵʱҩһ֣ضҵĽ֡
һ£֡
Цºͣ㱾ãӦԴ
ҩҸ۵Ц⡣
֮ԿõҩһƬˡ
лҪ˵дˡ

143Тɷ1

°ص, һӵĿ
Ƭ̣šüЬ
, , ϱźˡӻһ߲һǰίͰ˵
ʣ裬ôˣ
֮øΪҲһ, ԭԭÿÿ°ؼҾܿĳ棬ԭĸǵһʱ俪ڸ״
Ҹϴ裬Щˬ, ϱһҪ˵ӣź, Ҫչ˺ӣҪ, Ѿ, һҲ, ˵ҲҲ, ܵӴ
ֲ˸, ΪԼƵģһѾͷƬӣҪǸ˼, Ļľչˣ, 㲻֪㣬ҪҪǸֲǱķ, רźĻôţ
˵ˣģǸɻģ۸ܲܣ
񿪻ǹһž˵һѣһͷɳϱźӱ߿ޱߺ֣̾Ϣһ裬ˣȻϢһ
һۻˣʲôҪ˵Ҳ˰µˣҲˣԸɻˣܲźַſڵģӶˡ˵
ʵ̲ס죬ӵ˵Ķˣʵû취һЩҸ˺ӣ˿ڻûϣæһµʱҲûУˮҪûˣֱޡ
ӣƣôģЩ𣿺ɶҲûž˲ǣ˵һƨڵϣ
ҵÿడʮ»̥¶ӣ󣬶˹˻飬Ϊˣûţ˼ţ˻һڳԵģһޣҲ䲻Ű
һʲô˼˸ɾ
ּõģʵòУֲ磬һʱּǺˣ֮ÿÿʱɷ򶼻վǱߣݺݵѵ뵽ɷͻȫ
еĲŰ´Ľֶ£޵ޱġ
ﳳøгƵģֻͷʹѣҲðǿѹŭֵطȥ
ͬĳϸ΢һ£ͷһۣŮ˷䣬š
Ӳû˳뷨ȥϱ޵øˣʲôÿۻΪңȴûһ˰ҵ£һŻʲô˼Ҳˡ
ֹûУڿͷʡ
޺Ȼֹֻǵۿӣ𾪵òУӣû֣ί
裬¶Ҫ󳳴лܺú˵𣿡ɳϣÿϰѾˣܲһصܰ㣿
ߣʣ˾ֵˣ
šͷ
ԭֻǱҵͨѧȴҽһҷǳй˾ǰ̨ѧߣڹ˾żر˾ûµĵÿڹ˾ıľƣ
صֵôϱϵ㣬֮ĸ˲ٿ࣬ĸףĸ׶˳ʱ֪ĸȡ֣Ҳĸѵӡ
Ӹ꣬Ӷܾίָ˿ûãҲûãľӹȥҽԺʱҽ˵صӲԺҲ޷ˣһûУֻĽҲˣߥԭ˻顣
ԭܿȢˣȢ˹˾Ǹ˾Ů΢ڹ˾ûٵ΢ҾãǼжŮСڽһֱ߰Ůһ
ΪȢ˸ҾõģͿˣ˭֪ûŸ֮ǰˣÿǵţź΢Ҫ΢ԭڹҪ΢׵ķ֣Ҳٰĸףֻܰѿʡ
ź΢ҲˣϾӵĹҪܲ˵ǣ΢ӣƾôȰӦӣΪ¼ͷ
΢ĸԭͷŲ˹˾鱩¶ԭץˣ΢Ժ顣
ӳְеĻȥ޷ԭƽˣĴѽǮûԸͶ·֮Ԯ֡
ƽˣ˾˸ߣԭ֮֡
ְ֪˴æΣڸжѣȥָ飬ʱӵҽԺĵ绰
ԭϵҽԺʱѾˣǿ޳˵Ů档
ԭֺԭΪŮԭǮ˵С⣬ˣ׬˲ǮΪ죬ȴڰǰ˾֢
֪ԭ£㽫ǮóԭԣʣµǮŮŮҲɸ׸
ԭǰ¼ǻ֣ڴͷˡ
ҪǵûһζТֻĸ׵Ŀֵ֣Ҳ壬Ҳȱϯ길׵Ľ䣬ҲıʣϣصĿͷһҲԼһĻᡣ
ͷ˾ĳģЩڲΪöӷġ
裬־Ͳܺദ𣿱ǵءȰ˵
ԼĶӾȻˣеҲ磬ôˣӵʱɶɣ˭ûƵġ
裡Ϊûúţëǲģ˲βõӲֵҪãҲ²Ҫ岻ãʱҪܶǮҲû취Т˳㣬˺ӣʱе»
裬ͼһʱ֮û֡ҡһˣһپһģڻˣԺܸӣʧ󣿡
һһ㶵ģûЩǾöϱ͵ñѹţźŲŶԣôܷźϱأ
˵Щ飬ֲϴӲ˵Ҫ˶Ӿ飬ô㣬˻һһõġ
裬ô֪˻ҸõģƢãҪ̫Ҳ˵ʲôҪһƢǿģҲݲ˵ģʱ㳳֣յģɾˡ
ֽܺԵ֣İţү֪ʲôʲôߵģĲҪ֪㣬Ҫǳ¡
ž͵ͷ
Ҳ֪һ˵Ըһγ˲ܸıˣֻѭ򽥽úһ룬վ˷䣬ȥֺͽˡ
лҪ˵µĹ¿ʼඡ

144Тɷ2

, ι̣Ա˯, , 죬ֹ
߹ȥӹ, СС˶˯òȣʱʱСҪ޵ӣĶҪۻ, ŮС, ְ⣬ְֻᱣ, ְĴӢۡ
֪˻Ǹ׵Ļаȫ, 氲ȵ˯˹ȥ, ǻһ˿Ц
ڽŮŽӤ, С, ֿһﶼСһռˣġ
û°ɣּɷٳٲ, ̲ס
ת, ס˵ûˣġ
ûָ裬ֻ̫ˬ, Ƿ۶գ첲ƤˣСЩ͡
Ļ֪֪ʲôԸҲ֪ʲôԸ֣ίˡ
ڣ־ȵĿɷ
ǰÿһεָòԵĵطžίһ㣬ֿѰģʲôʮ£ҪһɷԵɶԴһζָֻ֪ţίû˵Ŀѹ˿ʯͷһܼˡ
ɽգɷȻ˵
ҪɷȥţҲӰ쵽ɷŵĸݣֻϣίʱɷ֪ܰοһ䣬˶ѡ
ΪֻҪɷǶģģϧģٴίҲίˡ
ֵԲǰҲã֪ӣһζ䱾۸㡣
˳˵ɱӣ约ӣҲһģһζĸȥҲǴֻϣ׹̫ûжʲô˺
֣մӹŹһĶ˼ˣҲ㣬۸㣬Ҵˣԭ𣿡
еɬѹҲѹסðҲֹסĹ䣬׹ͺã֪ÿҵʱҶúģҾûһζûһԣҶĺʧ׹ˣֺܸˣĺܸˣ
ˣԺ󲻻ˣ㱣֤һúϧ㣬Ҳú裬ˣ޵öĻԺ𣬹ԣûˣԺڣί§Ȱ
ӣЦŵͷ§ɷǰɢȥֳϣ
ӣϽϰȥɣûˣæһ糿ϰࡣӹŮߴ˵
컹ûӾȥ˻ָͣŮϴ裬·ϴˣҲɨһ飬Ļòˣ۵ͷ󺹵ģֱۡ
ǰǲܼµģֻϰ࣬Ѿ۵ùǺֻҪܺӣôģ
С潻Ц˵裬ᵢϰģֵҸڹˣøʲôºú˵𳳳ӻС
֪֪Ͻϰȥɣ·СġΪöӷģӦ¡
ͳֻ򿪼أУУһ¼ķȻŰˡ
Ϊʱ̹עĶ򣬽һȥ˸üɫװˣ˭Ҳûߡ
ӵֻʵʱأҲܱµ¼ʲôʱ򿴶УҲܱʲôΪƫƫһ
ԭû˽ֻϰ࣬ڵϽһֱֻż
ֻŽɳϣ̾Ϣ˵ѽôǸѾͷأǶҿ׼׼ĻǸСӣôѾͷҪǸӶãҲƽЩ
Ҳ֪ǶܲҪóãźҲƽ⣬Ҫ
ʱŴˣִӱ˿ǰк衣
šӵ뷨͸Ũˣ´ӦҪ˵ͣԼȥ˳ԡ
ֱӦãȻȸȥιˡ
Ҳûһ򿪵ӿ
һеҲƽɵվֻ˵
ڣҰ칫һˡ
յ˾û£˾ֻˣֻ÷¶ȥֻİ칫ҡ
־ʲô£ڵǰˡ
ֻһۣЩͬ˻ˣûб䣬ǾĲԾˡ
һҹûѣô䣿
ֻȥĵĺɣʣǼ¿ǵôˣ
Ǽ£
ڷ˷䣬֪ʵʲôˡ
ǰֻԭ飬ȢŮ΢ԭʱûиӦ
ҲǴʱֻ忪ʼԭ
˵΢Ҳԭİˣ΢ƼԭѧҲй˾ϰ࣬΢֮Ƽԭҹ˾ĿҲֱӣԭ
ԭûдӦֻҪΪѾףͻݣûûԲ£û飬Ҳӻʱ顣
ǺԭΪĸסֻʩѹԼֲԭ飬˫Э飬˵ģ󷽵ĲһЩǮҲûкĸȨ
󲻵һ꣬ԭͺ΢ˣʼĴѡ
룬΢ԭϲԭĿģ
ֻȱҲܰԼŮˮ΢ֵôϲԭôԭºһʱ飿
µ΢ĽȴǼõģˣеһԬң˺Ź󸾡
ֻ常ŮΪ̫ͳˣѵ⵱ʲôΪ֪£
˼Ƭ̣˵ܣҲ֪Ÿ˺ӣû£ʱҪ飬ɶǲģ飬ҪʱȥȰ˵š
֪⸸Ů«ﵽʲôҩ
ʱҿԸ㣬ֻҪģһܰáֻ˿ڣҲɿ
ڵҶСҲĽѾãҵȻԸһģСĴôܲʶô
ã׾ͺãҵĺϢȥúùԺڹ˾һġֻ̬ȡ
ڵл뿪˰칫ңţתͷڴ绰ˣ΢
С΢ѾͬˡֻڸŮ΢绰š
绰ͷ΢Щ֣Ӧˣʲôʱҽ飿
Ÿ꺢Ӳһ£飬ҪЩʱ䡣ֻ
΢˵֣ѾˣͿԻˣҪһסٺǱ˵һŮҴ֣ұźҲҵýҸְ֣Ȼôڣдȥ
𼱣һߴģȺúôűñԬҷĴڣͻû취ճ˵ԬٺƵŲŹǣԬҲǺùġֻҿ˿ѹȰ
΢֣⣬ȥԬٺƣ˵ʲôĸƾӹλ񵹺ã˷۱ҳ˼ùС
С΢ްŰǾẦģʵڲаһӣȰѺȻҸ˼ٽ飬ܿͷȷƽ˾ˣҸͷ飬Ԭҵĺڣ㵽ʱԬҲ㣬ҪܺӵģǸŮҲֵܷټҲֻ
΢ƻҲӦ
˵绰ֻһ˽ֻҾͲţֻ岻ܳΪˣһܵģʱЩҵȫڽ¡
صԼλϣóֻһ¼Ѿιڳ緹ԾɳϿӣˣҲܣֶû극ȥ塣
һٷ˸Сʱû꣬ǲˣȫ̴Į״̬
̾Ϣһֻȥϴּ䣬Ȼ˸绰裬ﻹðɣ
ͦõĶӡ졣
ʣֺôˣ
Ŷ˯
ڳ˳ǣʣڸأ
ԺҾæڲͣһ£׼ء̾˵
˵裬ˣúϢһ£չ˺ֺУĵ°ȥ
ã趼Ķӣļء
˵绰ֽص˻ص绰ʱĻ棬ֻ绰һͽָϻ˷䣬ϻûķӵĿһۣŽ˷䡣
ǳһĨЦȥϷ˷˲Ż
Ӧֻ£һڶûٱֻѣ˳һİ࣬Ȼʰ׼ؼңʱյ΢΢š
΢˧磬пճԸ
ƻҪ΢û뵽΢ϵˣٻ˸пա
΢õģҿ㣬ڹ˾ſڵһ¡
ڣлл
󣬽ڸַ΢ţѳԷؼҳԷˣǻᾡؼңȻָ˸绰˶û˵ʲôעⰲȫȥ
ڳù˾һ߿żһߵ΢
һﻹƽΪ⣬ϱҲû죬Ҳ˯ðȶˡ
ĵ绰ҲûкûִһȥˣЩĪǳȥʲô
ѾһĲ˶ȥˣˣҲûʲôֻҲûʲôߣ춼һ˳ȥʲô
ڲڼҴ˳ȥߣʱûʱ΢ĳҲˣϽֻ
ĽγͣǰҡױݾŮЦкڣϳ
ּҼҾȻȲЩźʹţԭ˵ȴ֪öٱ΢ƯҪ޸õ׾٣Ϊʲôǵü޸ԭУ
΢һ˼ϳ˸ʻλ
΢ӿ빫˾Ȼ쵫úȣϷ֣ˮζĪ˷Ϣ
ȥĳԣ΢ʡ
˵ԷԷ겻̫죬ɡ
У΢˵Ÿ˳һȥ
ڳϣ΢Щڹϵ飬ڵҲûǰֻԭ£ϲǣֻ˵Ӧͬ¹ϵò
Ȼ΢ȴڹֻЦ
ʮӣͣһҺſڣ˳ֱ˲Աȥһ䡣
䲻󣬵ܾ£ŵװ꣬һ¡
ĸˣԱȥͣϸϸ΢
ԭƺҪ࣬оµױڵȴҲóЩ㲣û˯һ
ڱԴͷ̸СûϢ𣿡
΢ûϵ⣬ʱ뵽еȥˣ鸡֡
˵ɫãǲûϢãѹ󣿡
Ŷǵģ⼸칤̫æˣ˼ûϢá΢գ㲵ģҪǻбıˣԬٺƸҪˡ
ڸ˱裬æҲҪǵúúϢŮһҪ˯òС
˵öԣһעġ΢ЩĲɡ
˼䣬Ա˲͡
ڿƿƣȸ
΢ȴܾˣҲܺȾơ
ﻳԬҵĹѪȻǸµŮҲֵܷҲһĺӣһвĶˡ
ܺȣںɵĿС㲻ǧ𣿡
ԭ΢Թηÿ΢ҪȾƵġ
΢æ˵ǽ첻ܺȣǸˡ
Ŷ΢һ˼˼ǸȻ÷Ա¿ˮǾͶȵ¿ˮ
΢Ц˵һһҸ
Ųڹ˵
΢֪㣬Ҫܼ޸ˣһ֪ж
лл㣬С㡣ںܸжҪҽܹڻڿͶأôƯҾֳɫܿһСӣĺܸм㡣
΢бģǿˣ㵱̥ˣưģ
ȴ˵öô㣬һܳͷأһֻǱɣҿ㡣
һṼ⣬ģһ취飬ʱһرĶ顣Ҳ˵ø⶯
΢ͷһϲ̫ˣֻҪЩ飬Ͳö㵽ȥˣһ˹ȥӣ룬һ죬ǾҪԼһ½ڣȥѻˡ
ڸ΢˿⣬ϲˣԵ㡣
΢ᵽζһθæվ˵ȥϴּ䣬š
á
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ճڣͻȻһλԱϽȥһ£һһأĵӴ
õŮʿȥԱϽ๤˴绰
֪ΪΣȴǸһص΢
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๤ѾˣŮ޵ſţһŮ˶ڵϻ£˲ǱˣǸոɫæ뿪΢
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ãҾǳԻˣȥҽԺ΢ſǻأȻܡ
๤Ŷһֹ˵²֪Ϊ㻳ˡ
˵ʲôأһû飬˵΢ͻȻȳ¿˿ûŷġ
๤ǸҲ֪Լ˵ˣٶ˵Ͻ
ڲɫĻ˲
΢ˣ㲣ŲȣµС
ѵ΢Ļˣ
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õˡ˰Сʱ΢ŻǸ
ҡҡͷһţ̣ܲ𣿺ȵţůůθ
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΢Ծ£±ڿʲôǰ͡
ܱǸΪҵԭûܺúóԷӿڼſڣ΢Ǹ
ҡҡͷҲãӦ㷢㲻ؼҺúϢġ
£Ҹ߹ԼŮ˾鷳Ҫ±ˡ΢Ц˵
һϧĲȥҩʲô㻹ܿҪҪȥ
ˣлл㣬æһˣȥϢɡ΢Ц˵
ڱ˵㿪СЩʲôʱҴ绰
΢Ӧ£ų뿪ˡ
ڿųʧҹɫУԽ
صңһӵĿ
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ϲǳȥߣϱ͹ҳţӣѲŶܳȥǷ˻ôţҲҪ˹ƣίĿ
ڿʣ裬ȥ˶ã
ʮӡ˵
ֱſ޵׵Ľ˵ʮӣȥһСʱҲûڻŶӣҪ̣Ҷûó̸ԣ
гȥôãʮӣҾû㲻Լ𣿷ǵõһź㣿ص
ίòУҵֱޣôһﰡҪӣڷҲԲ𣿡
ָôˣ˸ѾͷƬʲôҪӣҪϵҲժ
ŮôˣŮҲҺģֲ͵ģôô벻ϵأҾϲŮҪһŮֱúˣҲ˵
ʵôϻܻһֿʼãһ˻ҪϱָűҲҡ
ˣ̲סȳ⡣
ոտֻ˵òȥһСʱСʱǰòŵңҲɳϿӣ޵˺ѷҲܡ
ʵں岻ס˲ų˾ͳ
ͣ˿֣㶵ĿŶӡ
ڽֻø裬㲻˵ųȥʮΪʲôʮֵߵʱ㲻ڼң
⡢ʲôʡ
ָŹϷŵǸСɵͷ˵üֱֻͨӿ﷢һУ裬㻹Ҫƭ𣿡
ȹ飬ְգָŶ˵ڼװң㻹ŲԼ裿
Ҳû뵽ڻڼװ˼أдԩߵУʼǸ뷨ֻҪίͲί֪ίҲͲòĸӵˣŽݡ
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ڿӰһۣ˾ת˷ţѾɳϵǰ˵װزΪŲ㣬ʱ̵˽еֻû뵽ľȻӡ
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裬ھӼܰҲһѣοֻۼҵˣҵţŮ裬Ѫһˣôôľ飿ôӲĳ
ƭңɱңұһТˣһϹҶԲ֣Բ棬裬ںҰΪʲôҪôʲôôѵǵڵҺŸ𣿡
˵˭ûӡ
ӶӶӣۼлλҪ̳𣿷ǵӲŽӣŮͲˣ裬ҲŮôŮ㽫Լںεأһ
˵ˣŮʲô£ҵԭӣʲôҲŮҪ²滹СҪǱųô裬һġ
ĿŶӣǸһͷ
һΪ˶ӣΪ˽ңҪмŶԣΪʲô
ִԲӣҲٺ˵ʲôˣ˵Ҳǰ˵ֱ˵˵裬Һִȥסⷿ㣬ȥⷿס
ɽ׸ıƣʱڸʵ̫ˣֵ嵢ȥֵͰˣȰȥ˵
ӣŻˣվ̿˵ӣûˡ
ڶʧ͸ˣҪвԼĶӣҪұϲТͼĸӣһپ٣һҪǲ£ҲͲ¡
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̱ɳϣû뵽ĽҲû뵽ӻһ첻˳ҪƲϱߡ
ϱȻû˵
þ˼עҪ˼ˣӾȻǳ˷ǣүô죿
ˣڸֶ˽ȥɳϣĲҲ֣ûˣԽԽ޷졣
ѳڸι̣ˮԲԼھͿ޼Сģˡ
ڰڴͷϣ˵ȵιɣ档
ҲãҲְˡֽ·ãѺӵݸ
ںҪ޵Ľ棬ְֱԣޣԱȻιС
澹ĲˣԲ۾СЦˡ
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ڵͷǣһʱĲĳɳҪҲϣӰ쵽ǣǰȥסҪίһⷿˡ
ίҲίġЩڿຣˣ̫ˡ
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145Тɷ3

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ǰڶ˵裬ķӾС, ܽҪ˾ͿԹȥҪʲôʱҲԹ, Ҫܺúø󣬹˶ǻ
˵Ҳ, ٿȥͳʧȥˡ
ſյķӣ, ޼ƿʩ, ſ, ʵܵý
ݲ, , 㹻һסˣװ޶꣬겻ڼ, Ҳ, ҵȫˡ
ɩչ֣һ, ˲Ǯ
ԭһЩҲӦ
ص˾ûⷿ飬ֻΪѾ֣˼ˣԽԽŴ
ڲɫȴ˽ֻ̽΢ԸŮ£鲻֪һһ֪΢ȻǣеһԬΨһ̳ԬٺƵˣ΢ȷʵǻˣѾ£Ǹ͵Ů̥
黹ôԬ˵
ԬٺƺФ궼ûлУȥҽԺФ⣬̽ǣܶФҲǲԬҵĺţײ飬ФڻĽƣԬٺƵĺˣҸӣʱٺФ顣
֪ôֻ֪Ϣֻ˼Ů΢ȥӽԬٺƣ΢϶ӣĸƾӹţΪˡ
ƻеú˳΢ɹԬٺƵע⣬һ˿ʼн΢ˣԬٺƺܸˣ΢ǧ˳ŵ΢Ҫ¶Ӿͻȥ飬ȻȢ
ֻ常ŮϲΪҪᣬΪĽĴڡ
Ϊ˱ֻŮ麢ӵԱһϲʧ΢ǸŮ
ֻ常Ů˷ܵĳܵĻ춼һ㣬΢ǿ޵òУԼôǸŮ
ۿҪɹᣬֻ岻ľʧܣ΢Ų¸ԬٺƣԬٺưѺʱŪкȼ޽Ԭ˵
ԬٺƲǳصģ֪ܿ΢ŮϢ΢ӴŹ΢
΢᲻£ʱ˷磬ʮֻȴʶ㣬ûţ˸⣬ǮҽԺʾ΢ӵ֤Ԭٺɻȥʵ΢ºӣƾȥԬҵļҲ
ΪԬٺƲٶ΢ֻٳһƣ΢ҸȽ飬ֻҪ΢˻飬ԬٺȻٹ΢ԬҺФҲ֪΢Ԭٺй£΢ºӣʱҸͷ˻飬źȥԬҷּҲ
ԭĹУּҵԩͷԭҲֻΪʲôԼŮȥŲùԼŮˮԭҲ΢֪ԭ¾ߵøɸɾԭ
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΢꺢ӲŻԭĻ飬΢ԭһӣ΢ͬԭӡ
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еھФҲּѲ˸ϵ
ֻ常ŮΪ̫ˣԶĵĸŮΪһ˽Ȼô캦飬ʵ˷ָ
Сλ𣿡۾֣ƫԸ
Ԭϼţܲð칫ҡ
һװģ˧ڵǰڿƵ飬ͻȻֻһǶţֻܵ㿪˶ţֻһ۱վʾ˶һ
Ԭٺ˵ͣټȻֻ뿪˰칫ҡ
˵ݣֹֻǽڷס
ŵݺܼ򵥣΢ûдӡ
Ԭٺƾ⵽ƣ΢ƭɵһ㣬̵ġ
ͬʱ΢ڴ绰취ҩֻҪӵҩУĲҪ˵ǻǰɡ
˵绰΢Цˣڣһѡ
ֻҪ˯һʱˣߵèǿһۣԬٺƣϲĴţٺƣôˣ
ȥ˵Ԭٺüһֱۣݡ
΢ͷȸԾ֣ΪԬٺǻĺãҪ޾ɺˣȥӣȻһһܻһˡ
ţº͵һȥԬٺƣٺƣҸݱȰɣԵĲˡ
ˣ㡣ԬٺƴĻͷ˵
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Ԭٺ˵˺Ҳаˣָô
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Ԭٺۣô˵ҲǴҵĺӣҸΪ帺ҴȥҽԺ飬ҪпҸá
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Ҳźһ𣬲ͼʲô𣿡Ԭٺƶʡ
΢ûЩҧгݣæͷǰ˵£֮ңʧ֮Ҵûйֹ㡣
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΢һ˵ҡûСûƭ㣬ҡ˵һһжġ
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΢ɫ䣬վ˼ҡûУҲǡ
˵ʵǸȥҽԺҽһ¾֪ˡԬٺҪš
΢һŵֱޣٺƣҪҪҵĺӣǵĺӣ᲻ð
ˣԬٺק첲ּӴȡ
΢ʹǾٺƣҲƭģֻ᲻ǵĺӰȻǸŮȴǰĽᾧҲŮҲҪ㸺ʲôһ˳е㲻ҪҴӣˡ
ҲĹѻƪŮˣҲҵĺӣԴҪЮңߣȥӡԬٺǿš
΢ѣûüֻֻһ߿һ߱ק˳
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Ҳϰ˵裬Ӣɩڸϴ裬ϴ˱
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ֻ˸ڹæ˵裬ûڽǰ˵ʲôҲû֡
û㲻ýƱ硣Ļ˵
šüֵѵôڷҧһڣʲôƵ
Ҩ˸ǰҲƽˣֻҪ壬ܸǽӣҽҵĺöϱˣԺ˵ûԵġ
лл衣ֽӹﱻ˵ϰµģֻϣϽ뿪ʵθ
ʱɩŸϴĽᵽһɹζʲôζ
Ӣɩϴ𣿡Цʡ
Ӣɩͷߵǰ֣ʲô
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ֱӢɩһѡ
ӢɩŽ棬һͱ˸ģЩѺӸˤȥˣҺָסͺˤӢɩǵһμû˵仰ͶֵˣӤɩѵҲŮ
Ӣɩһݲɺӣ㣬һŮأô֣ܶͲ˺ӣ
һѾͷƬӰˣʲô˵ġΪԼˣصٸҶϱҾҶӽߣһëǮҲá
ӢɩֶڶȴǿԼ侲ʣ㲻˵Ƿ̵Ϊ˺̳ԲŸȻΪ˺ӣҪ˺ӣìܣҵǻʲô̵
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գҩȥʳƷģ⣬ҩджɷ֣ҪǳȥжҲء
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ֻǮһҲû뵽ԣһѵ⣬裬㻹ǮأҪҩֳȥֵͿˣ㲻Ҳ
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޿˵ҲӣֲǳҪⲻҲƭ𣿡
ˣԺͲҪˣȫȨӢɩ裬͹ܺԸɣ˵˦Ŷȥ
ˣ֪ΪǣֻˣԺᾡһӵ񣬵Ҫ׽ܣ
Ӿȥһ䰲οĻûУ޵ĲѣôΪ㣬ҵĳǺõģֲǴҪˣֻϱûûĵģװˣڳӲ˾͸Ҷˣ֪ôТӦðͰ
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ڻصⷿӢɩԺҪǴһҪֳԣֺʳȫ㸺ӢɩҪǵֵ壬Ҹӹʡ
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Ф㣬ֻĻĻÿÿأϴҼգҸһȥŻң֪ҼһֱгɼͷһοңϹҵ̬Ⱥࡣָ᷼ǰĻ곯ýý˵Ϲһ죬һ֣Ҳһȥ
Ф̧ͷȥƲۣҲţ˵ҵҪȥû˵ôá
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˽˻ֻ꣬ϰǸʮŮˣɾˬʱСϲ廨˽۵úܡ
Ա߻һӤ廨ʱ򻹻һӤ
һ˴źӻҪФȡ
п˽æվк̫̫ѹ㿴ûϲģûеĻٸһ
֣Ԭ̫̫ҵĺѣϴϲҲһ͸ˣǽļա᷼ЦŽܡ
һȥһǰ⼸ʺϽյģԬ̫̫㿴ûϲġ
Ф˿ÿñ£Ҷǵ֣ΨϱЦͦõġ
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Ф˵˼֣˵ЩԼԬٺƵϲá
ȥȡ˻ʼ䣬һòٻФǾȡ
ˣԬ̫̫ɻ⣿ֽã
ФֱͷǰЩãˡ
ߺ󲻾ãԬٺҲ˵ҲҪյĻһ䣬Ԭ
ô֪ԬٺȻһΣȴûиԼգô֪Ԭģ
Ц˵⻨ˣ̫̫ǰŹһȻѾ˻ԬЩģײ񡣡
̫̫ˣԬٺͳˣʲô
˵Ҫ͸ʻż˵ȥ˼żЩżɹɵĻģȻζڷԵѬ㣬˯ҲǿԵģŮ˶ԲżжصϲʹСԬżȥԬ̫̫һϲ
ԬٺƼżģϲòУ˵ӵģԢã±˵ˡ
ºԬٺƴФлǧлһ
˸벼żȥ̫̫ͻˣӣллòͷ
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ĻҾˡʵǲͷˣҲǹģҪ˾ٱ˰ץˣ˷۱ˡ
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ɣȥ˺֣Ҽһգžӭʷļ꣬ҰѼܳԵĶˣʵûа㷨ˣһƼݡ
ʱгʮʮû˵ŮӣԻǮҲԻʳ˰˽ӡ
ûûǮ˼ҿʼѼͯϱŮʳͲա
ԭû׼һһΪ˿ڶ࣬ɻҲ࣬ҳһһڿ죬źĸչ˵ã˵Ǻð֡
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鲻ãһһͻˣڼ̥ԵһŲˣΪڼƣһ˫ƾɵĲЬ̳Ǹһһ˼顣
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ûʲô˼ģҵϱ飬ҽҵĶˣһͷʲôڵ
ĸһһֱͷϿɡ
Ҳ˵˵öԣԺڼԷ
û뵽˸ʦϱϿΣ˳㻹Դ֣ˣһͷѣ⣬еʳһ֮Ҳԡ
ô֮ѵõĸܵҵůҲûйڽ飬Ӧ
˷֮ͿʼһһϿΣԱѧд򵥵֣ƽҲ˵Ա
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ڼ䲻ۣ֮ͣϿΣóһһ塣
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׿Ҳ߹˵ǰܿǷزһķӶģܲ˵ġ
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Ҳģֻңʱϵ㡣Ż۱ŷҪϵʽ
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׿һҲĬĬļǸ룬ȻŽڶȥ
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ܣҾǸŮʿǹҪҲģС׿һĵģ˵
ҪͽڳΪѣΪ޻̸ѣܵõڵܡ
ŶһķȷʵˮҲҲ磬ҲҪллѣһм£ˡ
׿ܻ˵ʲôɽѾϳȥźĽγԶȥԼ˺õĿͷԺ˳ģӵеĴӴӵУͣ
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գھͽӵĵ绰˵ˮԭ򣬽ڶͷ飬ȥ˽ݷС
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ӵڵĵ绰Żȸϲ֣æױ绻Ϊÿȹӣ׼š
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ҪܡŻûƿ֡
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Ʒˣǰסͷһƣӣ
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ڴĻʣ˼ϱӵļ䣿
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Ц˵˼ո˵ЩҶ¼ˣҪȥ֣Ҳ棬һὫЩȥʱ˭ѡŵ˵ո˵ǰļ䣬Ҫǿѧ֪»᲻ץȥо
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Բ𣬵һ֮Щ˴£Ҳں£Ҫˣҵʧ󣿡
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һһͷվţͻȻʲôʣڸ磬ҼǵҸյҵʱ򲻽һһְɣ


149Ա̳4

һһڱĸ֮ǰһһ, һһǵ˽Һԭĵ, ԭһĵĹ, ǵ˷ҵͯϱҪɷҸһ֣ζŴӴ˾Ƿҵˡ
Ľ;Ƶĸĸ, ҼһͯϱҲͽıˣֻԭķ, Եĵطδػ, ֪õ˳ԭһ, ʫһԼ˲֪
һһĸһһһеһһ, ǳһһǰľ, ȷʵЩϳ
߼һһʱѾˣ֪Ů, ׿˵ˣֶ˵ҲİģʧɢŮӦǽľ, 
һһһʣҲ˹Ź֮, û, סһһ롮ĸദ
Ҫȥĸ, ڴЦ裬𣿡
ĸ˳һһһֹۣ
ڱ֪óһһ֪óһһȳȥ㡮ĸͽĸ˵
裬ôˣڿǰʮ굫񼫼ѵˣºʡ
ĸ֯һԣŵϴһһ⸸ĸòԾ
ôˣĲԾʡ
һһ˵ĸҲ˵Էް˳ˡ
ĸǵֺ񲻶ԣʱһһ轫һһ͵ǼҵʱԤŽѰһһʱи֤Լֺһһ׵ֶдոһһдֲһ
ԭǲʶֵģϺɷҲʶȴǵøϰһдͿֲһ
һһֽʲôʡ
ĸڨЦʱʶ֣֪ʱǴʶֵһСӸԲЩȥˣҿ϶һһԵֲһ
ֵֽ𣿡ʡ
ĸͷϼңҵļױײѹš
õ裬ȱһһ˵Ҳˣд㡣ýĸȥҰ׿̽ڷ硣
һһĸĸǼٵģһ׿Ѳ˸ϵ
СףζҰʧɢĸĸžۣݶһģʲôҪ󾡹ᣬһ㡣ڽ׿ܽем˵
׿ЦȴһǫģˣǾ̸֮ͣʲô顣
˵ֻС£Խ˵ȴһһĴ£ұ뱨㣬룬뵽ңʱ㡣
׿¶޷ܾΪѣ˵ͷðɣԺҪʲôҪģһ翪ڡ
úúãҾͰˡڴ˴֣Ȼת˻⣬Сװһһô֪һһĸֵģ
׿ѿڶ˽̽ġ
˽̽ھȡ
׿ŷԼ˵©죬æ˵ȥȥ˿ڵҲˣ鲻˽̽˺ô󹦷Ű˸ŵġ
Ҷ鲻̽ô鵽أʡ
׿Ҳ˵̫࣬Ҳ֪ǵķӰɡ
ҲǣҪ鲻Ҳ̽һˡ
Ͱ׿Ĺ֮󣬽ڱаٰ֮ʮĿܳһһĸĸǼٵģ֮̽ܲ鵽һһĸʲô֣˳Ϊĸųһһĸȥ˴ˣ̽ˡ
ΪԶҲǲ壬ֻǵôµʲôֲö֪˵ڶ
ھһϼңȥҵżųһһĸֵֽ
󣬽ڽһһĸĸһӣͳһһͶϹȥ׿ҲҪȥˣ˳һ̡
ۣⷿƯķ̲ס
̴ҲֱͷǰסķҪ̫ˡ
ǿ϶ǵŮǷزȱľǷˡ׿һԴǻȻϴ˸
ͳ̴һ̴ۣˣһһζ˰һڲžۣɵúúлл˼ҡ
裬ǷģҺһһúøлС׵ġ˵
һһǶ԰׿ûʲôøУʼհҵ˸ĸл
׿ȴֱ֣С£С£طϡ
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ճһһһ˰ĸȥ̴̽
ԷʱϸһӲˣʵһһôüûˣ
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ϱЩˣóһһڷǣԼȥ˶֪Ŀš
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һһǵŮҪٻģҪǳһһĸûˣ൱ǵĸҲûˣԳһһһģǱҪһһס
һһЩãڸ粻ˣ⣬ԼǺӵģԲҵ¡
ôķޣζûУŻҪ£ǻʲô˼ڵƷκ˶ǰûɹûȥɡ
ɸ˵ɵӴҪ㶼ãһҪˡ
˼ҲţҵøһȥҵҲҵĹζûУʲôޣһһЩˡ
ĸԾڲ˽ڵ¶вɣʲôҲûȴҪܵ޶˵Ĳɣ˵ƽ
ŮˣҲټ˵ȴҲģû׿ʳģֵ绰ǿԵİɣ
ҲҲںͿͻ̸⣬ʱ绰ȥû£һһһڻؾ
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ٷԵòɢ
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˵˭˵أ˵һ䶥һ䣬̫Тˡ
Խ˿Т˳úܣĺȵýƴӣ֪ΪϵĲĸأ̴мƽ⡣
ˣǣҲܰôǻÿء
ɵ裬ӦТ˳ǣǵģҪǲТǾֵ˾֪û̴˵
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һһó˺һҡͷûѽ
ɣȣ⾵Ӳǵ͸𣿡
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һҪס㿪ҩǿأһͬ
ΪҩžƾĴлжȩж˫ӦؿݿҪǺˡ
תͷڷֵĸƷһ˿ԹȥᱻƷͿԽˡ
ͷһҰһ賤Ҳֹס
Żһץϵҩ
ˮƷǰŻ˵ˮˡ
ҪϸĵһᷢڷǸƷˣû쳣˼ôôȻӹˮͷ
ཹཹཡƷˮ˸׳죬Ȼ󽫱Ӹֵĵͷ˯ˡ
Żۿźܿʹˣݡ
ƷˣԼ˱˾ָŻɱ˸Ʒ
˫Ӧҽ
˲֪ʲôҽ˵˾ƺ˿ز˻ѧӦ׻˵ҩ嵼µ
ҽҵŻ۵ĲԼʣĿء
ҽȥҽԺҽҿ˿أҳ˺ͳȥˣƷˣҩҲ˴룬ŻˡŻ۱߿ޱ˵
ҽڸƷʬԷ˳ʣҩиƷŻ۵ָƣھӿ֤ƷʱŻȷʵȥˡ
ŻжɣȴҲû֤֤µ֡
ȴһҧŻɱģŻ۸˷ͥ
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һ֮²֪Ʒˣ˫ӦһɵҲŻۡ
Ż۵ֶκܸƷƺʳҩļҲû֤ݿ֤µ֡
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нŻһ档
ȥ
Żۿ޵ᣬ֪ҾĻȡ֤ˣȻϣҲҪΪҵΪʹĴۡ
ĴѰɷıȴһ֮ߴ·ɱһǧòʧڿ̾Ϣ
Żۿ޵Ϊôܣǲ鲻ģΪҿûµģסӣҲɡ
ֻ©в͸ǽ
ŻۿһͨҲˣҲˣԼѡҲκˡڣлл㵽ʱԸңǰҶԲ㣬㻹ҳ⣬ȴ飬̫ˣһ
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úִһϢʫҪˣҶ˵òС
ʱַһ£ͳ̴ˡ
˵Ҷɱˡ
ȴ鲢򵥣ǰ׿ܰʹ˾
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ɱ˵ķ˽׿ܸй˳׿ܱץˡ
׿ôҲû뵽ԼǶУԼС
ͳ̴ûн׿й׿ȴǹԼڼ֣˰ѱԼŪȥˡ
ĸĸΪҲְͣһ飬ĸҲ˲ٴɷ£Ҳץˣ׿ʧȥ˸ĸľֻܽɷƲá
ڵ֪ϢҲȥ˼̽׿ܣҲԭº׿ҲȥԭȻҲҪԭȥ
׿ܼʱܼ磬Ⱦҡ
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㷸ɱ˵Ĵû취㡣ֱӾܾ
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׿ܲ죬㡭
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ڼ𣺡ģ
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˻Ȼ£Ц
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󣬽Ƶűý屨³˼ĴƴңһһΪһδѻ
лҪ˵дУСɰǿҶṩаɣ

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ģˣԣְ, , ƺ, ƣһжô翲ʵ, Զʵпã˳޷԰Ρ
٣ʵĹ, ƣһʮ, ˴յһῡ˶߳ɤӺ
ڸմ, ֪, Ҳ˵ʲô, ֻ˵ͷ
־ԶЦһ仨˼תȥˡ
ڴһУһɼʮ˵Ĵţˣԣְ, 滹һС̨ʱ̨ʮŨױĨű¶, һŮŤŸ첲˦ͷ
ĻǰһŮжԳòô, ǳͶ롣
ɳϻʮ, ŹʣȾҡɫӣ첱Ӵ֡
Щ߻һŮ, Цòڡ
ԭǽ˿
ڱѬõѬܲˣüģЩá
ϵͳѶϢڲ֪ԼǴһӵܣĴܲǿĵֻ
ԭǣеĺţҵϼڣ֮һǼжӣΨһļ̳ˣĸС簮竱¯࣬Ϊڶе̳
⣬ԭһصǻģԳŮûһҲаʮʮ꣬鳡֣˦ڳ˲֪֣ò̾
ԭĸĸȻ֪ӵԣȴδӹƣֻһܺ䲻ϽݵŮӣҲ׼߰Ů˻ؼңΪĻǲģһλŵԵţ˼Һּҵ
ԭҪȢŮ˱Ǿĸͬ⣬Լҵаˡ
ԭҲһֱһδԽ׳ذ벽
٣ôһƾƣòãһ˹˧ߣ˵
Ŀ˵ϵζѬͷʹԶ㡣
ѾԭԭһֻɻҰԭȥɣ곡ϷѣǷС
һŮڵڲϲϵζϴ˵ϵζŵģôͲϲˣѵˮùͷ
ȴҲ˵һӣ˵ϲ㲻ٿ˽ûùӳԡ
Ů˲Ŀ˽һۣȻ뿪ˡ
٣Ҹ˭ʱ־ԶȥһֺǺǵĳ˵
̧ͷȥֻվһŴ綼ʮֱصŮŮһɫȹ²һ˫ߵСЬͷֱֺǰúƯֻǺۣδȫüȫºͿֻţС¹һվǣЬ⣬ҿ
ȹ崿ˡ
ڿ΢šüӦûδɣ
ת־Զ˭Ҳʶ
ѬȻ١־ԶŮһѡ
ɬŮǰھ˸١
Щ
Ӵˡֵ˼ŮһɫĶ
ǵġڵһۣЩˣ߻ʱʱŮɨ
ŮӿֻһֻҰȺСãַӾҪ˺顣
̾Ϣһ
ȥϲء־Զһѣ˵ҵ£Ҫź˽٣ǷҵǮͲǻˡ
뵽ˣŮҧҧ˹ȥ
־ԶĽȥˡ
һִɳĿϣԶǰȦסһͷÿĲʣʲô
¡ѬȻŮأͻȻ뵽ʲôֲһ䣬£Ѭ²ݵѬȻȻ
һ˼ܺ֡
лллŮֱɳϣ˫Ȳ£˫־һϣޱȹȫǾн
ں˿ھƣʣˣ
δ̫꣬ˡ
աʮˡѬȻ϶Ļص
ʧЦ´ˣ˼Ѿ꣬˳һ־Զһۣ˻ȵ㡣
ЦѬȻܵĲͷȥֻߵ˧Цһְʮҫ۶ĿЦ̫͸һ˿ůǱеΨһһ˿ů˾̡
ĪģѬȻߵ˲˺ոջȳЩˣһֱ˱ĸоĵС
ڼƺûǰǰˣҲһ֣ǰһ㣬˱Ƹ뵽Ͼ̫С㰴˷壬÷ԱˮһһԼȡ
ԾƲȤͳϣǲܺȾƣʱ̱ѣΪһˡ
٣첻ȾƸĺˮˣһʱʱһ۹һټ״̲סȤ
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ں˿ˮͷ⡣
ǡǡ־Զ˴֣Щ˼ڡ
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лл٣лллл־Զ˵һĵл
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־ԶҲĵطȥ˴˸кʹųѬȻ뿪˰䡣
ð䣬ھÿ࣬æ˼֮ųȥˡ
ѬȻȴɣһҪȥ־Զ˵ˣҪźýڣǽڲˣԽҪʲôܾܾԸ
Ϊ˼ˣԸģҲ£Ÿճ꣬Ϊڻڶ¾Ҫ߿ˣϣϴѧľʧһİˡ
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˵סҲûྪȣҪõҲᱻ־Զ͵
ת򣬽ڳȥ
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뵽⣬ס˽ڴڷϵ֣Ű󣬡Ҫһؼңȥɡ
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գգۣʮѣΪǷ˶١
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ˮ쳣ëֳСӣëϻӣ滨꣬
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ǲɵЦ뵽ԭԭľָϧ
ԭĹУԭȻǽ־Զ֦һж־ԶԸӦ£ԭʳѬȻ־ԶԨԴԭ뷨˵ߵŮô࣬ʵù
ѬȻСӦԭԭҲ˲ͬЩ˲ݳƷҲһʱ䡣
ԭǸӣֻ߲гѬȻһŮˣֻһʱʸоͰѳѬȻ׿ˡ
ѬȻҲ˶ȥ˼ծһοԣҸӣ˳ᱻ׼ԭҪ˺ѹһʱȴʲôҲû
ֻѧҵûܿϴѧĲ׬Ǯȴһֱû̸ѣҲûн顣
ƯвΧתЩ˶ûкøУʱʱԭһҸʱ⣬ŷ֣ԭǶ̶̵ദУѾ֪İԭ
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үܵĳ⣬ʵԸ
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һҹѬȻ׼ص°ؼңԭһǰܵĵҪƺȡ
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ҵԭʱԭȵڹ԰ĳ˯ˣϧĸüۣԼܾ룬ԺһǵĺãֻҪܼһֺãʲôĸԸ
ʵԭȷʵĺãȴΪۻġ
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Ӹ߿յ볾ȴ׵ˣȺֵܵˣֺˣȫЫֻгѬȻԸĻƢȱ㣬ƵԵʱ㾡һ
ж
ԭ˾ܳɹܻһúöԳѬȻƽƽĹһӣҲˡ
ֻүûԸȷʵǻɳѬȻȴˡ
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ҽӰԭָ˴£ֻѬȻҲҪƻָʱԭԺ죬ŵ֪ѬȻϢѡ
ѾҪѬȻһӵ׼ҪúöҸģֽǲɢˡ
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ˣǶĸٵóˡ
ѵõһΣЩ⣬ʱԶӻǱкܴϣģϾǻӣĸҲǳԺţ˽ӵݹЩ
Ӽ̳мҲӦ򵥿ݣ˽Ҫ̳мҲ͵÷ϺܴһҪͳܾ޴ѹɲɹľʧ˶鷳ģȻҲ⡣
һ̶ȣ˽Խȥ
Լʱ磬һжûзٺҲûȡýҲʡһЩ
磬Ҫ񣬵һѬȻһҸڶסԭһУסĸ
һʱżı˳ѬȻԭ㣬ѬȻڻһһ飬ȻϴѧмʱŻῪʼһҪǵڶ
ٺĸӳǰƿһС
һͣ뵽־Զ֣Ǹ־ԶĿԿһ¡
˶һۣ֪Ӷ˼ҵĺôǰ˵ˣҲһˣҲϰˣҪõĿҲῼã˵ζҪȥ˾ˣӦ¡
һῼǵġ˵
ڱֻҪȥ¼ҵծ񣬾ͲӰ쵽ѬȻ򣬽ôһˡ
лҪ˵¹¿ʼУСɰǶṩиҶӣΪ¹׼

152ĸ2

ҵʱ, λ̫̫õЦ
С, , ⡣÷ˣæ֡
Цһ, СڣҸ̸ոջ˵, û뵽ˡ
û뵽Ҳ, Ц˹ȥ, , ֪Ҳ, ҾȥˣҲа顣
ԭźʱǺѣӺŮ׼, ŮҲ˼ϼˡ
˭˵أƤӽôпţӵֳ谮ʡ
˵£뵽ܾûˣһ, ȥ￴ģû뵽, ʡҶһˡ
ǲɵ, Ҫ¡صȥ￴ҡ˵
ںŶһЦͷ˵ã¡صȥ
Цһš
÷Ӷ˶ˮ, кӳԺһͨ˵ոҺ˵ҹ˾ҹ˾ϲ£Сڣʲô
μֻһŮϰãȰ֮˾̳С
̵˼أתͷ𻪡
˵ҵ˼үү廹Ӳʣϲ˾²ż˵
綼ҪģСҲҵˣʱһ֡÷˵̾˿ͷӵ嵹ûʲô⣬ҲϰˣһӶˣҲûʵִȥȫεĳŵ
˵⻰һתסӵ˵Сڣǰ̣ͻؼҺ˵˵ѹ˾ϲˣֹȥүүҲҵһ
˼Ƭ̣ͷӦˣá
СڣӦˣ÷ϲʡ
ӵ䣬Сڣ
Ҫ嶼ûëʱҵĹ˾ǻ˵л
λԭ۰ֵˣЦ˵Ҫ⹫ûǷŵ˾겢Ȼ⹫Ƿŵĳŵǰǰɣ⹫ʹˣҲٲͣǷģѾˣ˾һῴõġ
ԭĹУԭΪֹ̫˾εľܾ÷ϲ˾飬ڼԭ⹫̫㣬˼ľߣ¹˾ʽתѣشΣ
ԸҪǿһԼϷĴѵŮŮڷˣһǿţջûܳŹȥƲˡ
ԭ׼ѹ˾ģȴӪƵ¹˾ƲɾŮա
÷ܲסƲɥ˫شҲˣûøϰȥˡ
÷ͬãϽùҲһղһգûҲ뿪
һʱʧȥ۰ʹļףϴ棬㲲ʱ˽ӵعˣش֮£Ҳˡ
ھãԭô̰棬ĽҵĹ˾һϵеıͲᷢˣ÷飬ֹ˾öܰꡣ
һϵеı綼ģֻҪҵĹ˾£ҲͲ£÷ҲͲ£˽ӵ±Ҳܳܵס߻֧ߣǹԮ
Զԣ⹫ʧˡ÷˼ˡ
ϰһͻҪ̰ڵæḷ́Ѿˣѹ˾ϣʲôϰ黹ܸοҪȵϰӹǲеʱиʲôҲﲻæˣԳѹ᲻á
˵Ҳ˵ʲôֻͬˡ
̣ʹˣһסҲģҪᵽȥһסɡȥ·ϣһ߿һ߶˵
ҡͷˣסȥìܡ
赱׹ŮأôìܣЦʡ
÷Ĺϵܺã˶˵𻪰Ѷϱ׹ŮۣҲΪĸ֪˽ӵ£𻪵춼֪һ˽ӡ
ҲΪĸ׹ˣŸô޼ɵĹ˽ӵݣҪ𻪻ţǲҵġ
˵һɽݶһҲŮˣĸŮ֮סһҲụᣬοϱأҾΪ赱׹Ůĸ飬ԲŲΪΪԼ
һסլҲġϿ˵ȴҲĲ
ԭүү磬һס˺ܶˣ꽥ˣһסǲ˷ĵġ
Ц˵СأҲһס
СǱķС꣬ʱڽҰӶʱ䳤иˣʹ˽Ҳûˣסڽҵլ
ʲôҪһҪ绰ңҲʱȥ̵ġڼȰˣֻա
ЦǺ˵ã֪С̣һúõģСڼ̳мҵӣ̻뱧أ
ǽΨһӣ۵øĸƵģ꣬ɲġ
˵ˣ˵
𻪵ͷû⡣
ڸ˵Цռ˶Ƶģ𻪶ҲǿЦ
ʱɻصңϰ龹Ȼ³ںСʱˣӣʲôôˣ
Ȼϲ¡÷ΧΧȹŲ߳Цۡ
ɽİ׵ݸӶˣһ߽⿪һЦʣ˵˵ɶϲ¡
ȥϴ軻·ҿŲ÷֡
ϰҪθڣҡͷתȥԡϴˡ
ϴ軻һ˵ĿзѾں÷ˣ⻹ǳʢЦ˵ӣ𣿡
ȹ껹ˡ÷Χȹλϣȸʢ
ɺһζջû˲
ǵȻ÷һ⡣
̲סʣ˵˵ʲô£
Сˡ÷ֺǺ˵
ɿһСʲôֳģСǰֲû
ȻֻΪСôˡ÷˿ӡ
ʣɶ£
С̣ϽҲˡ
ŶһͷԷˣһͷһΣҲֵˡ
ϰûģ÷ˣôˣ
˵𣿻ʲôʵģһ¡
÷һۣȻи˸˵£
ʲôֱ˵ȥ۲ۣɸ˿ӣԱأ˵š
÷ˣָЦݣһ˵СڴӦ˾ϲˣ
ģɾϲʡ
ȻҲϣĽ˾ϣɣԽԽԽˡ
÷Цŵͷ
ɿЦã̫ˣڿԹˡ
Ҳڿȥˡ÷˵
һ㶣磿ʲô磿
ˣӦҵСڽֹ˾Ҫȥġ÷ʡ
ɻţ˵𣿡
Ȼ˵Ҳˣ÷Ҫ
æˣ͵˵ɣ
ʲôе˵
úúã˵˵˵ʲôʲô
ǵСڽֹ˾ȥΡ
Уġ
˵Ҫ˾º󣬽ҲܸˣóͶӺ˼
֮ѡһԭΪֻһŮҵĹ˾ջǽҵģӽ鿪ʼڴ񶼹ȥʮˣ˾ӦúϲӲӦҵŮҲܿڣһҵĲҵȢĿҲ
ʵȷʵһֱҵļҲȢҲΪϲǿĸԼҵҵĻҲһŮ¶ӣ˽ôꡣ
ӣǶˣˡ鿴Ŷһο
ҲϣЩֹ˾ϸܶ갲ɵӣǰӶͬ⣬ͻȻͬˣ־ϲöӳˡ
ֱӦͣԣǵĶӶˣԺ˾Ҳиʱˡ
ڰЦиʱȥ˽ĸ˰ɣ
֪Ƕĸӵ֪Ҫֹ˾»ʲôӦأڴأ
գԹ˾ӦΪûлؼҳڲһȥ˽ǳˡ
ǰͷ桮ӦꡯûлɹԭҲġ
֮԰ô꣬Ҳ벻ԭĸӵĴ
ǽڲŽˣȻΪ˽Ӳϧɨسţ˽һӸТɡ
ȥг㣬֪ˣʻ㣬³ģٺģΪ˸أŮһŽһ˵
æһЦĶӣٺ룬֣
֣û£ǲСһ£Ѿҩˣġٺæֲ󣬲ø׿
һֱһ飬ˮˣ۲ѣ⺢ӣ½Ӷ˾ˣҪԶ֣
ĸӶ˵ķҲǴȽҵĲ٣ҲӶչĸӶ˵ӡ
˲ܸĸӶݣܸĶĸһ
ΪţĶӣһˮƽ
ʵһһƵȴһޣ˵ĺΪˣЩԵá
ⲻ֪ҪóԵТ˳֣ӲʱʱڰߣлᵱȻҪúþТġٺһ˵
жˣӾТ˳Ķ£ǿˣֻϧǸ˽ӣҪǻӾͺˡ
ÿοТ˳ٺ룬ͻ룬Ҫٺͽڵã
ѩҲ˵ĸҪˣ֪ҪÿζǸ˵òУֻǸܹĺһֻĴ취Ծ⡣
⻰˵ýβѣĸӶ˵˵ЩίˣҲãҪʲô˵ֻҪҰõҶǡ
ӦоУʲôȱֻϣܳǣǾˣǲǣٺ롣ѩ˵ſʡ
ٺͷԣֻܳ֡
ϧǣǷģһпҾͻǣҪˣҲǵġ
ĸӶ˸˲ѣһԷ
˳𣿡һѩװʡ
˵ͦõģˣ˶Ҿиʱˡ
ΪʲôҪݼ𣿡ٺʡ
Ц˵Ҫųˣ׼ֹ˾ԺҾͲپڹ˾иʱǡ
ٺв˵Ķ΢٣ƳĸһۣһŵǿװЦ˵𣿸ڿϽֹ˾ˣ̫ˡ
ǰСҪǽ˹˾ͲôˡѩҲǿװͻ˵
ٺеǿŽԵúܸˣҵĹ˾ҲҪϺϲʱһ𽻵СУҶЩҲͿˡ
ҵĹ˾ҪǼҵĹ˾ϲˣѩпһ£ôͻȻ鶼һˣⲻʹǵļƻ
ͷţСģСڴӦˣ߹˾׼ˣСڱҵһʱһ֡
СȻϻܸɣϾЩͬʱҵ𣿡ѩްһķһĵǵģ˵
ٺҲ˵ǰ֣ǰɴûⷽľģӦ𣿡
û£Һ⹫ţµġֻΪĸӶǺģû뵽б˼
ߺٺżĸ˵裬ô죿Ҫֹ˾ˣһ˹˾Ҿûϣˡ
Ҳû뵽Ǹ竻ôͽֹ˾ЩвҰȥģһζĽϴҪôֹ˾ǰҲ˵Ҫ漸ģôö˶˾Ҫֹ˾ˣѩ޳ѡ
ٺ뼱ֱתûҵأʲôٵȼ
Ҳٵһ꣬ҵ˵ڻڶȥ˾Ҳͬġ
ԭĸˣٺҵ˾Ҹýȥ˾ϰ࣬һһѽƿסýûٽֹ˾ǽǰ˹˾еļƻ
ӣż취ܲӡѩ޼Ӽ۲ѣæ
ٺĸ׵˵裬һҪЩʱ䣬ȻҾ޷ټ̳нҵĲҵˣĸһӶù⣬ҪĻš
ģһС˳ֹ˾ġѩ˵
ҪԼҹ˾ºܿȦﴫЩ˸ϯףϯĻͥƵ꣬һɽ亣ζɨһۣһӾƲ˵ʮ
ȺܼӣŸĸǮһӻȻҲԭһͨʶһЩ棬ôϽ
٣Ҿһףչͼ˳ġ½ԵһƱھơ
ڲ˱ӣһ˵ˣҪˮƺȣ
ˣûӣװʲôװϽģ½ۺһġ
ҲӦ½ԣװ
˵
ˣ½Լ飬ʡ
ڲ
½໽̫߳ˣǧĽٽˡ
ȻȾƣҼ֣һв塣
Ҷͬ⡣
һʵָһ˻ΣΣϣ
٣㲻Ҳ˰ɣ½ʡ
ڳ¶һʽЦݡ
½໽
һãԷ
һı顣
ûǣ뷹룬ǺȾƷ衣
ڣ˵Ϊʲô벻ôͽֹ˾漸£½ԺȵðŽڵļ˵ƻ
Ҳ˵ǰǰǻ˵Ҫôö˶˵ľҪֹ˾ˣ
٣ɱ벻һֹ˾ɾûˣҪ缸ȾƵǲˣҪҲˣҪ
Զԣ˾ܣǵģôʲô
ûǼжӣû˸̳ȨＱ
ڿЩһһȰ˵ЦǱΪãʵȴŲɸ˵Ŀġ
ٷǺ磬ЩĳЩ˵ȰҪֹ˾ġ
Ҳµõ˭УѩĸҲûˡ
˵ԭߵӦŴ󲿷ѩ޵ߣԭ֪һһЩ˸ȥˣ˸һе³
ɨ˴һۣ֧̣һڣ³Ȧģ˿ÿ缸ǳźţҾˣԺľӲҪңҸаˡ
鰡½ԲߣĿĻûﵽء
Ҳ߹ȾƲݣͣҲĻ죬ԺĻѵˡ
ˣԺúô˾ٹ̺ڰ׵ߵӣȰ缸Ҳˣú˰ɣ˵ƿˣŴȥ
½ԺͲһۣʲô˼ѵѾǵĿˣ
ѩ޵֪½ԺͲʧˣ˷ֻ⡣
绰˵Լ岻˰ȥǰ˰ȥѩǡ
ڻصңĸһǰԷʣֽ˵Էôڻû
ʱӦ꣬ˡ˵
ڱ׽ȥѩˡ
Һ󣬼ѩ޴Ȥ˯ɳϣ̬欣ͷһȣȥʣôˣﲻ
̫ˣöˡѩ޹һϡ
ͷһⱻ˳ǰ𣿡
Ѿܾûҹˣˡѩްʾ
°ͣЦ˵ǽͺú㡣
ɳһ꣬˫ܾˡ
ѩ޿ڽ˵һʮˣҶôôҲ⣬ֻΪǵĶӿһ¡
ҵȻ֪ҺãȻҺöˣ㵱ӵģҲΪǵĶӿء§괺Ů˺
ѩʣôǶӿǵģ
ҵ˽ȫӣʱӱҵԼ˾ֻҪŬһȽڲġ˵
ѩвƫģĶӣԽô۰ٺȴôġ
жٺģԩ
ô꣬˽Ҳˣȫ˽ӣʶ˽Ѿˣû뵽ѩ޻˵˽Ӻġ
ѩ˵ɾͿԵõҵӵаڼҲٺأֻǵ˽Ǯഴҵ˵ǲƫģǲǶٺģ
Ӵ㲻Ҫȥͽڱȣʲôݣٺʲôݣ
Ķ𣿡ѩ޴
ЦˣҵĶûٺǲܵĴڣҪٺݱ⣬ǲĸڣдȥģڵİҲҪˡ
ѩ޵Ȼ֪ڲǹݵʱҲûھ͹ӵݣֻΪȡýҲҵĻᡣ
ң޹أ޹ģҪǵûҲö˽ӵһӼù⣬ʼѽҲһˮƽٱ̫ٺ롣ѩ޿
ˣˣ˵ô죿ܲٺһƽּҲɣ
ѩ޲ޡ
ҪǶӼ̳еļҲ
ܵģ˵ҲӦҲӦý壬ۣʱһڵһѣĸҲΪ󡣡ΪּҲֱӺ˵ϵ
ѩ޿˵ҲּҲֻϣöҲȥϹѧһѧϵĹϤ˾ҵԺҪǿ˾ҲЩ·
ʲôѵģȶӱҵҾͰŶȥ˾ϰʶһ˿
ѩ˵ϽϾͲ˵ˣǽ˵㣬ûӦŶôڹ˾ʩչȭţ
⡭뵽¡
ѩ˵öԣ˾ڽˣҪٺ¾ˣƽ޹ʰһȥ˾ڻɣʱ֪ٺݣôǺã
ǽѾֹͬ˾ܲ˵ýٻɣ
ѩ޿Ĺǣ˵ҲҪȶãһˣȶӱҵȰѶӰŽ˾Ϥҵٰѹ˾ϣһȫˡ
˵õ£˵ͱ䡣ҡҡͷ
ѵôӦҪֹ˾Ҫһֲͬ˵ʱĻ
ѩвãȴǿţһ˵ǾٵȰ꣬ȶӴĵʱϰʶ㰲Ŷӽ˾
԰ɡҲһֱֻôӦˡ
ʱӦÿԣֻҪѺϲ˾·Щˡ
صңѾ˯ˣɳϿӣǰʣôû˯
ڵȰ֡ڽӹˣ˵
𣿡
˵˵ֹ˾£ϣԽԽãҾͱҵˣȱҵҾȥ˾
˶һۣЩ˵ҲõȰ꣬˾ϲ²С£һʱİ첻á
ǽȥ⹫⹫˵ֻҪӿٶȣ¾ܰáڶ˵
Ҫû´ѩһߴ˲ٷ磬ӳٽֹ˾ƫѩ޵ó̡
ͷһ£ûôģ⹫̫ˣһ׳
֣⹫þ̳үү磬⹫ְִѽϽֹģ˾һЩ⹫㶮ڷ
ϲ֮ĻңЩջ𣬡⹫ʹˣܶƸϣڲǰˣ˺ܶ෨棬һʱܰõġ
⹫˵ˣҪҲֹ˾ǹ˾ϲ¾աڲۣƽ˵
ȥõģֹ˾ǹ˾ϲ¾ͣ
һ
ôŵϲϣôؼʱ̸ǳ
Ϊ˽ӵĹϵӰ쵽ϲϣȻѡ˽ӣˣȨס
˼Ƭ̣ɫԽ˵Ȼ⹫˼Ǿ⹫Ļȥ죬ڰеֹ˾
лл֡ڹǡ
ѩޣٺ룬θֵˮһˡ


153ĸ3

ӦҪӰʱ, ͰѶȲ𣿽, 㲻ǵĶ, ڿ˵һͬʣһƫ, ǲҲͱһ˽ӣ
ѩ˵ڼ̳й˾󣬿Թ
˵үǱ˵ˣҪǲýھֹ˾, Ͳϲ˾, ϲ˾Ǵ, ҲСʧ󡣡
ð, , ǰ˵ĹȻƭҵģԭδﲻС£ֻĸ, 㻹ʲôߣҲҪˡѩ
෬ŬԾֹ˽ڼ̳й˾Ϊʲô鿪ʼ򲻿ɿصķȥͻȻúĻţûаȫ, ֲȫʧȥǣʧȥԭȵ, ֻҲҪýȥֹڼ̳й˾
ǵһοѩȡֵ, úҲʧѩޣǰ, 㲻Ϊѡ
㲻ӣ㲻ΪӵĽǣƫģҲҪĻˣߣߣҲҪˣҺͶӲټ㡣ûдﵽĿģѩּѾȫȻû򶨡
һ׷Уûܵ˴߳ŭվ˵߾ߣԺ
һűϣѩһŻָһ˿ǣͣ˿ſտҲӣ˵ʲôôˣ
Ϊˣ֪Ҫס˾͵ôͻݣܵıֵͨЭã˾úãģίˣӶʱǣţţΣӾϸĲ
ЩһֱúܺãԲýﵱɵڶңҲл˲ٵĲƸѶҲúܺãĸӶ˽ӣȴñκ˶Ҹ⡣
ȻΪùˣľתվԼߣԼĶҲܹļ̳˵Ĳҵվǰ
Ŭô겻ΪһۿɹԶˣȴͻȻ֦ڣôģ
ʡԼ̫żʧ˷ִ磬˽졣
ڲô궼̹ˣôסأ
Ͻֻ绰Ȳо֡
Ŀųѩ޵ĵ绰ܵľ˷У˵˵绰
ǵһαҵ绰ѩ޵ˣֻҪʧ˽ģǾĵòʧˡ
ֻ
ջĹҵִᷳԽĺ˺
ѾĶѩ˵ϵܶµģΪʲôһֵֿģߡ
֮ôһֱѩްеľĲ磬ȻҲͻݣѩһúܴ̼
׻˵úã޲檣檲͵͵жãΪϲǷݴ̼Ȥˡ
ݴ̼ȤȡָڸˣһŮˣҪã
һвҪѩ޶Ͼ뷨
ãĵ绰ͨСѩֻʾҰܣˣ
ȻˣСһ£ͽˣڿ˵ģڿ˵Ҫڿ˵һӶССһ£Ͳˡ
ɵĻôΪȴĽýʹ˦
ϰ󣬳ѬȻͬѧгؼң˲·ںֵѬȻͬѧֵԼȥѧʱﳵԼҺͬȥ
Ͼɵľ·խͬ·Ҳʧ޺ö඼ˣͬܺںܼžѬȻÿؼҶĵҲһ
ԽʲôԽʲôͻȻƵ˴Ӳ·ڳס˳ѬȻ
СãͦƯģɡһ߸˴žýѬȻг
ѬȻܵĽг
Уһһס˳ѬȻ졣
˶һۣѬȻһȥ
ѬȻиֳֿܣȴûһǺõģŵĸҲֽŲõߴţȴ޷ѣּ£ܿۿ
ģ£һͦθߴ˳˹Ŭ뷢ȣ챻˽סֻڱǻͺ﷢𶯡
ҵӿ첽ӳ
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ǰսϲŸϺϲû뵽ܲþͷ, Ψһļ̳˽ڲòž޴ıʹæֹ˾, ֶס˼µı䶯, ǻȮӡ
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ܷ˵ôáȥʲôãѬȻۻǱȥˡ
ҿǵ߿˲, һӰ쵽Եġ
Ҿ뿴ʲôҲ, ķġѬȻ˵ˡ
ܷҪ׷ȥŮ, ǿסˣ˵ȥɣٶǼҶƺ, ôҲ⡣
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ܵ޴ѹ, ѩޱܵĺһ竾Ȼô
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Сļڹ˾ش¼ʱж²ڧͬά˾棬ֲַڸ˵ĹɷݺͲƲ
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飬ҲҪɣҲҪ飬ҲԲˣһһӣֲҵĹ
ҡҡͷˣѾ֮䲻ˣûбĿܡ
飬֪ҴˣҶԲ㣬˷ʥͣ˭᷸ģѾ֪ˣٸһλ𣿡
鲻Ϊ
δ˼ģˣĿڣСڣȰȰ衣
ʲôҶ֧ȥҾȥģҲֿվߣסļ򣬱
Ȼ飬ͬ˽ˣ͸³
жѣĺöӡ
ֻ𻪣裬ȰȰ飬Ҳͻ顣
Ҹ㣬ҲûҪ飬ⲻԸĽ
㷸ȣܺߣĸףûʸҲûȥȰԭ㣬ϽãҳΪˣһûˣ㵹Ϊˣػľ˵
ˣΪʲôĸ׶Ӷ
𻪼˵ԶҵĶϱ˻飬ҵŮҲ뿪ңߣ
ΪТ֮ӾöϱӵģӺͶȻѡӣǰ˵ҪŶϱߣҪסӾҪסϱֻܽӸϳȥˡ
裡
⻹
𻪻û˵꣬ΪΥѵ˽ӣȺͼͥеĲƲ㶼ܴߣ㾻ɣ
ͽڲĿ𻪣ûϵ𻪻ôƽһҲƫ̻ӣȫȻվڶϱߣĺ¾Ҳڶжۿˡ
̱ڵأŵĿԼĸףǲǳ仰͵ģΪʲôô飿
˽еĿ˽һҲûߣֻǮͰϳˡ
Ϣܿ촫У˶˵ãûͬġ
ѩĸӹɱδ죬̣ĸ˫˫ȥˡ
Ĳ½Ҳ̣ܡ½ʧˣ̽ĵͼϡ
ڲûзŹЩ¾ͶԽֵˣһȫ־Զ
־ԶƲˣ̸Ǿϼҡ
е飬Կ˸߻ᣬô֪ѩĸӵУѩĸӱηҲڣȥ
ƶĽڶЩϽɱЩȴްŴԹ˾崴һƲţרЩƶͥѧ
Ʋŵһ˾ǳѬȻ
ѬȻͬѧҵ㸽ǵľǴƲŽѧϣܺúö飬Ҫûᡣ
ѬȻӵ绰ʱ򣬸˵öˣ˵ʮллŹ˵绰Ÿĸ˵裬ҵõ˴ƻȥѧˡ
̫ˣ̫ˡǿ޻ϲ֣Ҳۿ
ûãŮЩϲ˴ѧ
ǰСŮȻ˳˾ˣеǮСŮҽùˣû취ٹŮ飬Ů㲻ѧˣȥ׬Ǯ
ΣȴҲΪΪҪŮһ˭֪ȴӵ˴ƻĵ绰Ůõֿȥѧˡ
ǿ뵽ʲôʣܾ֪˭𣿡
ֻ˵ǻģ˭֪ѬȻ˵
ܷ˵Ҳôûر˼ҡ
ѬȻͷȥƻˣɶԷ˵˲ԸݣԲܸҲȥ
˴ƻںĽγϳ̣һϲæ˹ȥ
̣Ц˵Щˤˡ
ûµġѬȻһϲ٣æ𣿡
Ϊڳ£ֵֿģĸ˼ңû£Űġ
ЩӽҲͨ˵绰æһֱڵȡ
ڵͷæˣҲ쿪ѧ˰ɣ
ţмˡѬȻЦ˵
ͷú飬ҵ㡣
ѬȻĪ̧ͷײһ˫ȵУͷһȣ˵ͷ
󣬳ѬȻʵϰݽϣڷԸСóѬȻȥʵϰϤ˾ÿŵḶ́С֪һҪصѬȻԶԳѬȻ˼ӡ
ѬȻһһŵȥϤȥ˴Ʋţŵ֪Լ⼸ѧǽģǸж
ԭ⼸궼ڰңڣлл㡣ѬȻϹ
ڷ˵лҵķʽкܶ࣬Ŭѧϰڹϰңֱ磬
áѬȻʪۿصͷ
ѬȻˣǳɫڹϰڽѣΪȡ˼棬ձҵͱʽ¼ȡһΪžнڰйգǹ˾Ŀõġ
ڽϹĵ꣬ںͳѬȻˡ
𻪺ѬȻûͣܺá
ɺ÷⼸껷磬úڽʱɻμӻ񣬼֤Ҹ
󣬽ӰʦΪһոȫҸ
ӰʦýǶȣ˵ҺһǺӣһ
ӣһЦ
һһϲЦտ˲䡣
ԶԶĿҸһĻĽѹᣬԭҸҲһݵģƿˣø룬¼ҹ˵ķ϶á
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֨ơ
Ժľſϵ, ۾һ, ΢ĹɨһȦ, ɫ͸Ϣɵ, δŴˡ
һ߽ϵͳϢһߴӴߵĹľȡϣڴ򿪺صľųȥˡ
溮Ժ֦ɳɳ, ҶƮɡ
һ, ܵıס˸첲, ̧ͷһ, ںüŴ, ҲῴɫʱʱԼյîʱ
ôʲôˣǻ˯ɣ
´˴첲, ׼תȥ˯ͻȻԺľſʱ֨˳ȥԺű, ߽һˣΪ̫峤, ԼɿǸḾˡ
Ḿʲô, ԺӺĿбӵȥˡ
һСĺԺֻһ
ΪݡݣǰԺ, ݺǺԺֻһһСš
סλǶݣڹŴһ˳ס
ʱ˲˯ȥˣ󲻻Ϊʲôȥ˳ӣ
ĸȥ
˻ûҪ緹ţȻ˯ȷūȥ캮ضģ˯ūӰסǰһѾͷ˵
ḾҡͷУҪĸȴûźţĸһģ÷ŶԪ㲻ùңЪţžˡ
ǡѾͷԾǵġ
Ḿûпǣȥ
ʲôأ컹ûһߴߴò˯ˣϣԽǲǣȥ㣬ǵҪ˯𣿡ﴫϸ˵
Ḿŵһ£æͷĸˡǶϱԣϱˣٻ
úţͣЩҪŪңҾ˶֪㲻Тĸ
ǣϱˡḾ˵ס죬ʾѾͷ뿪
Ѿͷ˱죬ԼҹίҪޣȴֲҿ޳ֻ뿪ˡ
ⷬɫЩˣֻ֮£Ḿ˴úǵһֽðϺȥĸ㣬ˣϽڻůţԼںɪɪ
ԶԶһĻĽšüʲô

±ԭ䴫ϣ
ʱϵͳϢȫ͹֪Ḿ˵ݡ
ԭջ
סԭĸףջĸϡ
ԭǸţǸʮͿŵ꣬صĴһ˴Ľޡ
ֻɥĸγж츳ȴҾƶ֮϶Ը˲ί˲ٿ࣬Ҳ˲ټҺͰۣ
ԭź󣬹ϲǷũūѸ質ҫNɪ±˲֪ʮͿţԲѵ˵ӽһ״Ԫɣѧʿûʵơ
ԭܵĸ׵ӰҲḡ˼ȫȻڶϣȥͷʶҲǲҪǮƵĿ޴ͬɱԭĳˣԭ̿ѧϰǫص곤һḡ۸ڶΪ֮ˡ
˷֮£Ծɸı䲻˽ҵƶϺԭ󣬾ԭһź£ԸĻͥƶ
Ȩ֮£سǸռ֮ŮΪϱ
ռһĴ󻧣ȴ˳ԭǿջĳģӽ׸֮ţҵĴǧջһ̼֮Ů϶ӵݣ
κռǮΪ˸ĸӶ˵ò泸Ů
ɵռҲΪŮҸĻͥҲԭ
˫Ŀģһļϣ¾ôˡ
ƶջСȴǽʳģռŮܿ࣬ǮԼū͡
ջЩƺƵļ޽˽ң˷ӣҲ˰ƶʳ
˫Ӯľ棬κιϲǸʡĵģòջĳջǰŵףﱾūͣȴҪջԼź
ջСĻúܳãҪϳѾͷǿȥ͵͵ջãùΪջģɹǸ˾Ļ᲻֪ݺ߳ջ˵ĸΪҪ
ջ鲢֤Լ˽Ǯһϲùջس
ջ͹ʹӣеļȫٳ֣ҪźɷһӦҲ
Ǹ߻ĥ˵ģÿ첻ջȥ㣬վأĻãůͣɵ˶죬캮ضģǿĥˡ
Ŵע̬ջǸرעװˣûҪȥ㣬ͷŪҷֻ˯һپͲˡ
ظû͵վŵȣܴ껹ѩηվȹԼȥϴ
꣬ջÿ춼ͷֻܸɻ
ĸĥҲˣɱɷǸС
ԭջļױѰԺζģصһҪ˦ɫջ￴ջһ˿òã߳֡
ջصҿߣȴỌ̇̄ǲһݻؼҵŮҪǳ޵Ůݻң嶼̧ͷˣĽҲ޲ȥֵҲûкǰ̡
ļڵջﲱϣòͷţһصңĸӶū۴ĥ
ռҼջȴԭĸӱ䱾ѹեռΪŮùÿ궼ȥǮջΪ˵øöϱͷƵ¶Ҫĸɷ⣬΢˳
һ⡣
ջײȾջｫ˵ȥȷˣҪԾ˲ֻ֪ΪջﲻТĸƵĸԾջһͨ
ԭһŭ֮½ջϹٸٸջﲻТĸ֮ץȥιѺջпԣɱˣʹ˽˶ݵһҲʹ಻ϱġ
˺󣬹ָԭһ˼ҵĹŮΪޡ
ŮΪɣߣĿˣջӣϱԵģ㲻ҰĸףóԺúȵĹջµǮҲȫϣǰ˵Ҵ
˭Ǿ˳ԭÿƾ١
ˣȻһء
ֻԭѾˣʧԭ츳ֲѧӦԽ
ɵı翼̽ӱԭ룬޸˱硣
ԭɳǼ꣬ɰջµǮȥ翼ԡ
ԭ֪ƭ飬ΪýҵǮȥɣ߳ŭ嵽Ҵһִлʧ˱磬״浽ѧ˹Ҫһ֮֡
ԭڼ䣬ϲûǮҽΣˣԭ֪ĸײţϣʧ־ǰȥȾ˶񼲡
ʱ䣬һڲѣʮźḡ٣Ƿܶ飬ŴβУ淶ĸ׵УĸҲ˵ջײһ˿ԣҲջϹٸջ
ܹˡ
ԭ޾ĻʹźУҲʳӦãֻöԲջϣֲջĿǷ
ϵͳԥĴӦ׸ϵͳջﻻһµ
Уĸɪɪ
ޱȳأǸĸ۰ųĸαΪ˺ҪˮȵѹŮӳҪ޼ޣǿ޾ޣ˭˺Ҳÿ޸ȥ
ʱŮ̫ˡ
ڽ磬ԭջײ£һб绹ûзˣеı綼սᡣ
ǰջǰݡ
ࡢ๫ջû뵽ɷôݣĿûж
ڼСòҰףƺһ̾Ҫεæϣסֻ֣ű飬ô̹ǣͷһ˵ȥ
๫ĸûҪź緹ջﲻ֪ɷΪʲôҪݣֻ֪Ҫǽ첻µĸ緹ĸĲ
͸ŲãȻûȻݣٹȥɵ´磬δ̫
Т˳ɷȻ
ջͷһûΪɷѹɷӿһ˿ůòôˡ
صڽջϵĸùȥϣȻֱӽջƵ£˱ӽס̧ȥķ١
๫Ҫ𡭡ջＱæֹ
ڳ˯ô˯ô㲻ۣ
ˣĸҪˣҪȥźĸ緹ҪǲٵȻáջż͡
صʲôĸԸųصķ١
ڿûѪɫϧ
ԭջﳤüãپ£쵰ںڵķȵˣǸһˣ޵£ѾһȦ㲲ȫȻ˸Ƶġ
ټջﵨսľֲ̿ģڲʣǼ˻ǽѣ
ͷԽջѿڶ˯ıǡ
ջɴ˫ۿǰˣ˵Ļ
ǸĸףТΪΪĸĶӶ˵ĻΪĲТ
ԽˣԺҺ˵ź緹˯һһ
Ҳ֪Լ˵⻰Щ治ΪջȴᱻջܣϾĻݱ̫һʱܲˡ
ջͷһůԵ˵ͷߵл๫¡
ķ٣һͷں˳ķĵӲ԰㲣̾ϢһҲЬϴһ˯¡
ֻϲŲջ
ڼеĵλȫȻȡɷɷ򲻻ӣӵӾͻѹڿʼΪɷĽҪջ
˯ɣ˼£úϢһ죬£ڡ§
ջж֣ôɷǵһôĶŬûа׷ѣϵĸӮɷģĺÿġ
ڱűջһůջʵ̫ƣˣɷůĻУûʱͳ˯˹ȥ
Խȴû˯⣬ŵˡ
ջĸ÷ţֱȥˣյݾϵ
µң͵ȥ˯ˣ˲ĸǲ뱻ˣ
Ϣŭǹʱ߿һūȥźԪżĽš
ӣȥǸйҵҪûĸ
ǣˣūȥԪæ߳ӣĽӭײϣʱ˿űܿײŵɫףæүˡū澡
ضԣȥҹﲻźˡڳ˰֡
Ԫмֵĵл첽뿪ˡ
ڴϣһҾӸĸ밲
Ŵ趨ʡǽ˼Ҳеġ
ڶˣǲǻˣϿŶʡ
ʮͣοʵִţſӣƤҲϺڣֲܴڣɫ޵·ֻŲʴӣʮֻǺӣǴȴô¡
ڵͷ˯ţ˯ġ
صݣϲʡ
ӺһϲϣϣҶӶТ˳мӣֻĥϣʱϳͷ
ӾȻӣϽл˯ȥˣ
˵ǵģô䣬Ժź緹˰ɡ
ôУĸϱĲźĸƾʲôϲôӣǲǰ˵ʲôл֣ΪãżҾþͿǼң̿ǲС
˵ˣôĲǼҵƾʲôһקóŲŶԣļĻŹżҲһϱеҵķݶ
ӣ㲻ùܣأֻܳȥύЩͷˣ㽫ǰаҪûǮܸ˵취óռҵǮǵǮôô
˵ÿˮɣüͷš
ҪԭЩػͬмӣɽڲԭЩа˵˵ϱźĸӦõģҲиȣ첻ȥ㣬Ҫðźվŵ𴲣ǲ̫ˣ
Ҫ˵ǰͷ˵ϴļױģӦøǻռҵǮҲǼҵģҪ֪ӵļױҵǮӰҵʱѧҵƷҲǻ۷ֵġ
Ӱ쵽ǰͼˣļĻģûҪóģӦòӰ쵽ġ
˵ԸóģҲŷȵģȥ˻ôǣɲҪʧ󣬶ӽҪƾٵġ֪ϵǶӵǰ̣˵²ù
Ȼϵռ˲٣ȴǲģܻϵǮȢʲô
һŮǿǮǾϱġ
ĿǿԽ裬дԺҲˡڵ
ϵۣ裿
һ˵ҪϱǮģӹأ
ûҿ裬ϢĻ˵档
Ҫù֪ջǮôõģҪĶίȥ裬дγһϵϲŻջɵ׸Ҵĥ
յƾʲô
ƾױǶϱ˽ǱݡˣҲҪȡأżҺ޹ϵڼ˵ҲռҺ˵ںǮҪǲ˵˼ңһֽ״浽ٸǿҪٸġ
ͷһڰɣ
Ȼ֪ױϱ˽żȨ֧䣬ۿջôǮ̶ֵģεĸԼջ޵˽ҾǽҵˣȻջ˶ǽҵģеĲҲǽҵģӦøͶӻ
ԼϴԣҲϴԣöվߣһԸջ
ڣôڣеĹأǲѭ͵ùٸڼš
ԭĸջϵѪ棬ͣʳջջ̬ȣ˲޳ܡ
ϵˣǡǲҪǮźĸɷӦİɣ
ӦȴҲܹ֣һҪٸڵ
ͲˣǲܣԹΪֻвТĶϱûвԵĹţֻҪ˵Тĸٸ
ǳʲôǶԵģ˵еģôѵû𣿷ǵֵĿʹ죿
ϲΪȻ˭ҵĶϱģﵱҲ
ȻҲܹЩ֪Щʹ࣬ѵӦýıģΪ»ѴѲòþҪĶϱҲòã
ʣѵ𣿡
ȻǴ뷨Ť˼룬ǲԵġֱָ
ϱЩãˣǴҶ
ǱˣΪʲôǵѧЩԵĲõ£Ҫ֪ͱǲһģǻᵱٵģ˼ҹԱҾǲֵĴĥϱģҪǴʥ϶УҲҪġ
ǰ䣬°ͣûͨĸһ๫ҪٰģѧЩ䣬ľɫˡ
ú˵ĻҪΪҺҵģԺԻһЩ
ϵȻһΪӺãԱӦﶼģġ
ڼĻãþգҲܱƵù̫ã˼Ǹٹ̵ģı䡣
ллԺӳϢһӱТԺɶź緹ڴ򿪸
ϽӹòãԼԾУӣȥæģ첻ԼسＸүʫ𣿿ȥɣˡ
ȥˣڼ顣ڵ
Щԭк棬Ժ󶼲
ϲʣΪβȥˣ
̫ˣšҲú˵ֻ̫࣬ҽڵ
Ͽ˿ɫ˵ͷҲǣôȥ˺ڼҿ𿴿飬ůЩٳŽύ
ţģǶȻݿˡ˵վ뿪ˡ
Ȼʧζӳ£Ϊʲôöӽ˸ƵģѲȥӦʱʲô
ѾܼˣԺǶӵģϺˡ
Щ򿪸
ڻصݣջѾˣѾͷԪźϴͶ׼ȥźϡ
ùȥˣѾ˵ˣԺ󶼲ȥź緹ĻҲȥˣúϢǵ
˯ʱջѾϻ̳Ͽ֣ڵĻľ๫Ϲء
ЩرͲαأѾͷԸȥ緹
ԪӦ£ǡ
үˣ֪Ź̫ˣĺˡ
Ԫ緹ջȥӣϰԵ׼źɷȴֹˣ£ԺҲźһнŵӺԼ
ջ졣
ЩˣҲ̫ۣºһ԰ɡֻһ䡣
ջźЦӦ£Ѿͷ÷ŶԪ๫Щ࣬ԡ
Ժͽ÷øˡڿѾͷһ۵
ϾջѾͷ÷ֲ㽫ָĳԪջС÷йˣд˱𷣵Ĳ
÷ϲллӡ
һҲϲԪ֣ģϲ÷ºǹϷǵýԪҹҲĸֻˣүְָ˻ԺҲһԪˣһ֦˵÷
ĸǱߡջﵱȻҲϲ÷֣ĸϲҲ˵ʲôҪǸĻĸǲý
ڸʢ࣬ҵģҲֻֻҵľǡ
ǡջͷӦ£ܳĽӹ࣬ü۶ϲɫ
޶˳緹÷ʰӣڱȥݿˡ
˿٣ݾ͸ĳ˽ڵĶĵطкܶ飬඼ֳǽǰдģЩ鼮ջ޹ԭõģ˺ԭҲȥˡ
ڰջҲݣضǰڷԸ˰̿ˣֺŴů͡
ĥī֡ǰջ
ջͷߵԱϸĥī
ĥīջҲţең๫ҰʰһӰɡ
áһʵͷ
ԭԭдüãź˾ƮˣҲˣˣʷˣҲ˼ִ񣬶ëЩ裬Ҫͷʼϰ
溮̿ůͣھ֣ջʰӣǷǳܰ
ǵһβĵźĸɷߣջ˵ĸˣ͵͵ȥǰˣῡöűʣһдţǰҪ˶ˡ
İ̫ѵˣҪԺƽĹӾͺˡ
ʱڳ
ջæ˼ǰ๫ôˣ
д𣿡ʡ
ջͷһ㡣
ǰдҿڽʵݸ
ջӹʣֽһһд˻֡
ڿС޵дãдûã̽ңôддúã̫ûд֣дˡ
ʣбʣձʡջڿհ׵ֽд
ڼһ棬˶Ū˼ûףְֽҰɡ
ջﲻס֣һһʵĽбʵʱҪɾء𣿡
һͷЦû֣ڿ৵һ¾ͺˡ
лҪ˵ŴĶϱǺܲң˯ĴһϿģʵ顣

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๫Σջʡ
Цÿ
ջӶ, ͷҿ, ȴʳۡ
ĳûɹ, ɷȴҲǲģɷе, ǰֻ˵ǳöˣҲΪʲôԸ޸ɷԭ֮֮Ůĸ˵ͼ, ʱһȻȻҲͨݲ, 䲻ɷ, ľԱ
ɻôɷǵһο, , вɵ˵ţԼġ
дССɣҺϲ, ѧԺдΣʡ
ջֱҡͷ, ҵϲ̨棬˽дֻп, ܽ๫
˵ܾܡڲܾĻ, ҿƿʱҪдֶСֲ֣̫̫˲Уһ˷ֽ, 벻ÿٵۻᱻ۷֣ּҪҺ𣿡
ջ˵˳ϿҽҪҪԼӦǻẦɷд֣ƿʱ˷˰ҪΪҵˣĸҲӣͷҰǡ
ллӡվ֣سϹл
ջﱻģŪýʼԼ̣̲ãֵԼֲãɷƿʱӷ֣ԥǵҪ๫ȥ鷨д֣
ôõʦ⣬ʲôǮȥ鷨ھܾ飬˵ˣңԺʲôҲɣ鷿д֣Ǳһȥ˵ġ
ջ⣬һͷɷΪ˰㿪ĸĴĥдֵİɣ
ͷֽĿһۣﷺ˿˿ů⡣
˶ڲŴջﻺ
ȻϱӺ ȰһϾӵĲٿջɷ˶ĸŶϱԷĹҲûеġ
ջˣϳԽˣɻҲͰˣԷҪĸĵ㣬ռҵĹأ
ĸˡǶϱĴһʱʱϱƾĸ𷣡ջŵǰ
俴һ۵Ǿͷ׼ԷվԱźҺ๫÷
ǡջﰵ˿ֻǷûзģȻ˴¾ҹĸô˵Т˳ˡ
млĸҪǰʱסתͷ
ڿϵ鷿д֣һˣӶ飬ڽйܷ
ڽд֣Ͼʡ
ڵͷǣҳδ֣ʷˣдúܺãҾûңд֣ˣĸҪ𷣾Ұɡ
Ǿϵ𷣣źùҲȥ÷ɡ𷣶ӣֻŹջ
ջ˵лл˵žҪȥʩȴûɿ֣ٴβ⿴ȥ
ԺﶼҪд֣ҵİʦ֪˼ңôʦź÷ٶԹϵ
Ͽʣ˼
ҵ˼Ժһ÷źĻȥһ˽ͲˣˡֱԵ
ͷԣôɣ֪Ϊ˶ϱӣ
ȻΪʲôҪЩЩãɢˣҲʡǮڳ
ϼˣҲٶ˵ʲô鲻ԸȻ˵Ժź򡣡ﲻʹ죬תջѵԺ㲻źˣҲҪнТ˳ĸɷظḡݣҾ㡣
ǣϱһġջǫӦ
ϼ̬ãеĲЩһ÷
ջ︣һٵлȽ£
ôûǵһκɷһԷջЩϰߣҲܾнһСԽĸɷȥĸ𱸣ɷ˳ԵС춼ҷ
ʳ޲ĹأȴǸִˣִ˵ķϣҳԷ˵ЦȾ̸¾Ӷ࣬ĳԷһСľͻ
ջĽ뻺˻ģԪʮ˰ɣ
ǣѾʮˡջص
ڵͷʣ׼³𣿡
ҵ˵ȥԣԪȴЩûġջ
ڸĸ׼һ鲻ʲݵķ⣬ԿԣԲ֪ԼĲ
๫˵öԡջЦ
˵Ż֪ľͷûǰôˡ
ˣֹ˻⣬ϣԽˣϵްû
ˣ˼״ëıšǰӺͶϱ˵ܲʹ죬Ҳ˵ˣ̹ˡ
ڱҪúˣ޷ʱʱҪչ˺ѣĪҪֶӺӲźá
᲻ᣬҪԵʲôҲùܣô˻չԼҲҪչ˺ԸҪۻӡοˡ
Цջһۣлչңﲻõġ
šҲջһۣе΢ȴû˵ʲô
ٳһӹϾ͸˿ӣĹأ÷ʱҪǲˣҲǲٳ˵ģ˽ںջﶼꡣ
˽곷ȥ˲ˮ˿һյ裬ڱԼΪɣջ˳ݡ
÷ȥЩصݣڳ÷
÷ʣЩʲô㣿
õ⣬ɡ
÷Ӧ£תȥˡ
ջΪǸոûԱٳЩӣǡ÷Եĸ㣬ɵðӣոնҳ̫ڣʧ̬ҲûԱ
˵ǵɷЦֻȥĥīˡ
Ȣջ󣬽Ҿʹ°ᵽسռҸðӣռҶ˵ŮЩʵǹϰʾռøسðӵģΪýܹύسĸҹӡ
Ӳ󣬵ܷ㣬ǰٽ֣ӦоУ÷ȥһӱ㽫˻򿪷Žڷϡ
ȥЩɡȴջ
ջﾪȣĸǸģ
ЦûԱȥЩ棬ҹ˯š
ջͺˣ๫ô֪ûԱģ
ȥɣǰôнһЩڼٴδߴ١
ջЦŵͷ±
÷ǰҲΪǹүҪԸ㣬֪үǸģϲЦտ֪۹ˣΪеˡ
ūȥʱãȺأˣ쳢÷һַŽСԲЦ
ջſӣСҧһСڣЦۣĻţŴζá
ǰɣ÷ū澻ʱڻУߵÿ죬¸ء
ջ͵͵˽һۣһֵݸҲһ顣
÷æ֣ңҪù֪ˣǵôȣϱռү˻ף¡
÷Ծͳԣ£ҹүҲȵġڲû̧ͷһһ֡
÷죬ô֪ʲôһʱģӣū澲ԡ
ˣװˣ˭֪ǸԻƵġڿһۣ԰ɣѸȫ֪꣬ˡ
÷ʵڵֵסζЦŵлӡ˵ӹԼҹݹǿ⣬˵ĳЦ۾ˡ
һջʧЦ͵͵˽һۣимĿݡ
ڼд֣ȴ뿴Ϳ͵͵ģԼֲǱˣһۻô
ץţջ˸ףתͷҧŴѵ
ۼҹүôɶ֪̫˰ɣ÷
ջһۣҪ˵ȴ̲סٴ͵ˣɿ쿴һۣջߣʲôҲûļԸ㣬ȴ
һд֣ȴǸɵÿɰĹ
ϧأ԰λûˣ԰ҲõĻѾһûгϷˣǰϷ֧ţÿ£԰ôĵǶǳŲ˶ˡ
ɲǣȥ˿߾ͼ԰ǲˣЩǶ޼ҿɹĿˣ԰ôӴ
ϣ԰ܿЩҵõĻһ̨ϷȾ԰ЩĵǶǡ
һԺСţ°ͣ԰һ˵Ǹûᡣ
ûʲôֻϷӱӦ˶ͷþò˥ƶƽջǴԹΪԣ˿ᰮϷÿسǶһϷͳ԰
ȻϷΪϲΪĵǶȴǱƲݣһ㶼ЩͶ·޼ҿɹĿ˲ŻΪ԰
Ǳ-̳ĵǶǻдϷӮ룬άơ
˻ԵǶ˵ҪҪǻдʵϷǶߺ죬԰һϯ֮أȥԹҳϷ˫ա
ǺõĻҲǿģдҲ࣬԰Ǹº԰ھҲʵĻ
ڻһԭļ䣬԰ΪһֱҲ޷άȥɢˣһЩ˵ĵǶȥϲϷĸ˼ңµ֮أЩûĵǶ޴ȥֲԵģеΪе䵽̻֮أ³ҡ
԰൱ִҵ͹ҪƳ˾ζһĹʧҵǺصӰ졣
ھȥְλһҪǮȻռǮΪ˻ҵǮʲô£ԭİãıְдС˵ģǰҲڹŴдСдϷӦòٻ£Ҳۿ԰գЩĵǶ͹ˣҪ԰ǾͲϼӲңġ
๫ôˣջվ°춼һģʡ
ջ˼ջȥݣ㿴԰Ϸ𣿡
ջͷǰڼҵʱҾȥϷ
ڱʣ˵˵ǶϲʲôϷ
ϲŮ֮ģϲǡġջ
ͽദС£Ѿûǰôнˣ˵Ҳࡣ
ˣһϲЩŮТ֮ģϲΨģܴ֣ܲдһϷ绰ȥ԰Կ
󣬽ڱ㿪ʼ˼ˣԼź;µз򣬻߰ʱ䣬дһϷ绰Ϸ绰֮ԺʱôΪ˷޸ģȥϺջ￴Ǿò塣
գ˴ѩðŷѩȥ԰˰˵⣬ֽĿ
˳֪ڵģصһʮͿŵĽţǰȢ˸ռ֮Ůº䶯һʱ˸ߵ벻֪ѡ
ڽӦ泻ǾȵģҪǰ⣬ұϾΪдҲ٣ռҽףҾڲӦд׬Ǯ
֪ΪҪҲöʣҪһλõĻ԰£ûϸӹ㿴
һͣһͿˣַ飬žϲ๫⻰дüãʱдõһӣ֮ǰĻй֮޲
ʱ԰뻰˴ŻӦ泣һдۣͬдܶأʺ˿Ҳʺ˿ûйľԣĻһŮǰһͬۿƱ׬ϲ١
԰켸ʮ꣬ĻӶȥԼ۹⣬һһڶ죬԰µΣ
ĳڵţɲһ
ȻԼ۹⣬ܻ𣬵԰ʵ޷֧ǮȸǮٽģֻͨͨڡ
ڴ󷽵û⣬ȥӦ͸ǵģҪǾдĻãдǣ̸Ǯ
Ӵ̫ˣлл˽ţǰǵĴæˣûһ˵лĻ
лֻҪܰﵽǾͺá
жۿˣԭڲΪ׬Ǯдģǵ԰߳洫Խ۸ڶĿḡĻģǸĺˡ
Ҫܶȹѹأ԰һĴ
˽ڣŻӳǶǵһкõĻˣ˶нɫһϷһԾǴҵĺϷ
̫ˣԭ԰ǶǸϽΧǰȥϷһһĿϷӺãһͬ̽ųγݸãּˡ
˼գڼдµĻˡ
ôˣϷʲô⣿æʡ
ʱӦôŵǶŶԣô
ҡҡͷϷû⣬๫ʵΪһԾ๫
˵ʡ
ϷһǶ֪˭ݺá
ĸǶʡ


˼һҸ԰ɡ
Ǿòˡ˵
˻԰ȾɫĽǶеǰæѡ
ɨǰŮһۣûһʺɫģšüѹò⣬ɫûкʵݡ
𣿡ʡ
ҡͷ˶Ѿ˽ɫֻ⼸û
ȾĽɫ˭ݣʡ
ȾµŮݶϷģҲҵС
˸˳䡣
䣿ڴǰòʡ
ͷǵġ
Ҳᡣ
´һȦ˾
˽һ
๫ӡѡ
ڵŮŮУ԰Ǽɻ䡣
ûȷʵǳ£ӵĽɫ԰ҲŮûҪŮˡ
ڷʣҵõʺĽǶ𣿡
⡭һΪѣȷʵҲȥڵġ
⻰дģʲô
䵹ƽֻʣ˭Ⱦ
ɡɨһȦָһӵ
һ
½ǶûءǳȾ˵ģǶҲûء
Ȼ½ǶȴҲʲôǶ֮ѡΪڣϷŮǶףǴҲˡ
ȻϷ½ǶҲδѧɣҲϷ˽Ҳأڵ
ԥ
ڿǸ½Ƕʣʲô
娛˻ء
ٵ𣚣㳪һȾϷ
ͷ
֮ǰǳȾˣȾҲкܶϷͼȾĳʣģúܺã󣬴һȡ
ЦһۣΣȾ𣿡
ɣɡҲ⣬û뵽ôá
ڱٶһ
һۣ
һ꣬ȫȲʡ
˼ˣ๫۹⣬Ǿôˡ
⣬ڲת뿪ˣճ԰ţ㱻˽סˣתͷȥ׷˳ʣʲô𣿡
лл㡣𯳯Ϲһݡ
ҪǽڣлǶ
ڵһЦлңĻúðա
һġصͷ
겻ʮ꣬θЩݣ԰ӵԣÿӶ˷ᣬ˿ա
Ψڿһ˿ա
תͷߣſһİӰۡ
º԰ϷݣǼѵõһϷسﰮϷŮٶȥˣϯżҲ˼Ҷˡ
ϵģⳡϷˡ
Ϸݳ꣬ȫƣδ޲ѡ
Ϸ̫ˣÿǶй£ҹ¸ˣ˲ءһϸ˵
һϸֱͷûرǸȾĸ飬̫ˡ
ϷˣȻϲȾǲ֮ϲ𣿡һһӾʡ
ϸ˲˭˵鰮ϲģҲǴ˹ģҲĽЩõ鰮
Զԡϸͬ
ȺЩǶҪֵȥˣϷɫͬʱ˵Ĺ飬̫ˣȻдôõһϷҲ۹⣬һͬϷ׬˲٣Թ԰µĻˡ
ӣ԰ÿ춼ظ˼ĽǰؿϷ԰ޱȿɹۡ
䣬ΪдһϷϷסˣʡĹүĽǵϷ󣬵ҪȥʡǳϷ
дϲϷ˴ȥʡǣ˺ʡǡ
ܴ󷽣˽ڷı꣬ʱھͻ²Ǯ
ЩƱһ¡գȥ԰Ǯջ㡣
ջ󣬾ȣ๫ôôƱ
ǰһ
˵㵥Ǯҷֺ죬õöЩں˿Ȳ裬ɢϵĺЦ
Ǹ֪ͼģ԰û˲ӡ
ջ˵ǸˣҲ๫Ӧõģ˵๫дϷÿϷǰĶá
лĸޡЦ
ջЦŽƱװǮݸȥŰɡ
ţļױĿڵ
ջױĿƽˣ˼ЩˣȥչΪá
һЩţ˽ԺĸϷȲТϡֵ
ջܳ๫
ǰôͻݣԹѼױóã׬ˣҪһЩĸ޸ңְиðӣӣҸҪǣЩǮʲôԺи࣬Ҫϰߡ§
ջﻶϲͷл๫Ҿ֪û޴ˡ
Ҫ֪ڹôãҲܸ˵ģ͵ﶼʲôǮƣֻҪڶþ㹻ˡ
ƽ׹ת۾͵أس޵ŮҪǰңսڴջϽ֣Լ׬Ӹ˲
๫⸱ů治ǹ˵㡣
򣡡
๫ⶥñϰ˵ëҪۺù󡣡
򣡡
๫
򣡡
ջЦ˵ʱ䲻ˣûؼˡ
𣿱ʡǮЩǳ׵ĵһ꣬ᡣں
⻨ԼǮеӶֱˡ
ջЦۣ˹ˣû˱Ҵ࣬һܸ˵ġ
ʲôǲںֻҪӶ°ݣǾ͸ˡջռңүӵ
շ˿ӵĺЦúϲ£죬̫ˣˣôôණ
ˣ˼ҵĹŮһ꣬ûһұŮģ˵ȥˡ
ǰ˵ŮżҹòãɷǳóԲ˯ţˣŮżվ˽ŸȻã๫Ҳ͹ˣҲͷˡ
ĸģһԻõģТϵҲ١ڴ󷽵
ռҶͷΪŮеˡ
˵дϷӣɲԽ̽ңʮջԪǰʡ
ڰסļϷӲ㻹СҪһ飬ѧЩ
ǽ㶼дΪʲôܣջԪʡ
ڵǴˣд
ǲҳԺҲдˣջԪʡ
ڵͷԡ
аɣٳٽҡջԪֻõ
Ӧˣû⣬ֻҪͿоˣҾͽ㡣
ǽҲûоˡջԪѿڶ
ռҶɫһ䡣
ǽڵʹӵ˵˵ڱǻյģҪǶŮŮȥػὫŭŮϣŮӲŽתãҪ˴ԭͿǺã


1583

Ԫ, 񡣡ոӡ
ջԪʶԼ˵, æڵǸ, Բʧˡ
Ľڲû, ֲԭֻܵ˿ޣܲ˱޲, һӵսľģ, ޷, Ԫû˵, ˵ʵ, ûʲôüɻģǰȷʵǻķѧҵѾŬˡ
ǰ, ๫շܿѼЧһܿġջҲ
๫ȥԣҲͬ, ⼸๫, ๫ĺ츳, ǰΪ⽻ķѧҵҪ๫ЩŬ飬Ϳоˡ
˿, ջԪҲЦԽϲλ࿡Ƣº͵Ľˡ
겻ҳԷЩ˻ӽھʹջؽˡ
뿪ĸ̾Ů㰾ͷˣҪǰһǲ֪ܹϺӣɳҡ
˽˹ģŮǺõˣȥĪҪ룬տṲ̊ʵ٣ǰӸ࣬˵˼Ӷͷ⻰ȻûŮŮһϣȥռҲʡո
ĸͷԣ˻˵ռҽŮзǾһ֡
ոۺЦԼѡнڵŮľʵȷˡ
ȥ︴ա
¥˾ϯ๫
¥ʫῪˣ๫һζûȥһȴ
һ˴缸ɶ۳ԾƣԼųЧ̤࣬һҪ
˴ԭЩѶۻ棬ʲӵʫҲǴŸͷԺְˣмǶʫģ
һžܾԻһĶ飬׼꿼ԡ
δ¶ϻףʵĵЦС
һȥڶܾˣҲЪ˼ȥˡ
˵󣬽ÿֻ£һ֣дϷӡ
ջĽ̵£˼µĿѾǰ࣬ѧҲһǰĶ˻
й״ԪˣЩ֪ʶûлһϰּˣѧһҪ졣
գӸǻˣȥ԰̽һѾڼ²ţ쳤ùˡ
СЩǵӦ
˵ѾůзģҪ˷Ǻã
԰һһ߲ͣ˵š
Ѿ˰£ͷҪˡ
ͷҲȲҪãϽһݣɫѿתߡ
һãɫѿ𣿲δپܾȥˡ
԰һæǰôˣ
Ⱦ˷纮ѡ
纮ɼŵǲüءڲ
ЦǷ纮ˣ¸СС纮ѣŵøʲôƵġҾǴˣ䲻ģµأսڴ𯵹ҲӺãһŶģ˸Ҫá
ȥ˵˲ˮġ
Ҫãں˿ڲ裬ʣ˶ǰʶ𣿡
ǰ𯻹԰ģĵһϷҲȾ˵ģҪǲһ˳ôϷĽǶġص
תתӣǴ׷лһһİӰ˾䣬ɴ˿ɼ伫𣚣ѵй£
ζ๫Ϸӣ֪ϲ֪˻˵ҪȥءһЦ
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ЦЦ֮ŻССسǿסһȥأؼһʱ
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ڵͷд˼Ǹģҿʲôĵطһȥ޸ġ
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ҲǾһ˿ˣ԰ʩһЩǮҶûԵ뷨ĪҪѰңҪȥ˵лģʱӰҶӵһˡ
ȴߣҲ֪ĵӣһץס˹ϵ֣ûԵ뷨ҶȴĵģҹһˣҲ¹꣬ôո鲻ǣ
ʲô֣ɺͳϴҲܿƵĴ˼֡
˷ſȴͳһذҶĵģҪҾҵ㿴
㡢ɵ£ҡšǡļ̣ͱסˡ
˱ЦˣǴҪǺϵǾʹһԣиʲôҲиΪֵģǸ֪֪ȵģί
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ذ֣ͷǮһЩС⣬׬ЩƸ㣬⡣
û٣ֻʮϵ
۹΢ǵʮҲɣȥ̸ӣʣµԼ뷨ӡ
һ˹ģҲûУô뷨ӣٹЩ㣬һ𣿡ʡ
˫۷⣬ǿá
Ǿ͸úøɣҵ׬ǮȢҡϵ
ϲԽסֳŵģЩǮҽģ׬ǮϢ㡣˵Ŵյ϶һЦ˵˾ʲô
͸ˣĿһۣ߰ɣƼˡ
ˣʱ㡣˵ʮת뿪
ڶߺųߺЦ
ԭôͺҰ˹ˣԭĹջȴڼײƣҲΪײⰹ²ջ
ֻǺԭ£ҰҲ֪٣Ϲ㲡ڼС
ǰţҰ˶ԹϲģʲôҲǻӣΪ˲ˡ
һˣʶ˲壬Է仰͸ŪסҪԷӣֵҲ£һӵĸ浱ЩǴ
֪ЩӷʱдϷ׬ģ
ԭĹиǹ֣ջǮȥҰˣջ
һҪùΪ˸ۣݺݵһʶԼĴ
ûлؼңǸ˶ȥ
ϣȥ˶ķûȥ⡣
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壬˵һ飬޹ϸٳĸ׺Ҿ㣡ںȳ⡣
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ϼ⸱޳ܵģŭ־Ϲ۾Ȼ˵ˣ۵üˣ۵öǰ̫ˣ̫ˣ


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˵ķǲ׽ôӸһ׵˵ģӽעղҪҲãװǮ
壬֪尵ʸ˽ңǰƶȴԽԣ֮иռ׼ң˵ʮҲС
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һżȻϵϵŮǿжףϵŮӾǿ벻ѰǰҪŮָ˭֪Ϸ߳Ů޸˳ȥ
ҪΪŮ׼ϵӵ¸ȴǰ֪ϱѰ˸
ϻһӣʮ꣬ȥĸ׵ʬ壬˭ĸȴδǰһء
ĸȥұӣҵ֡
ϵĶӲǱˣ䡣
ʮ꣬һ뿪ȥӣȾ˷纮ЩˣϷӣϷ˽ţһѧϷһӡ
ҵӣȻϷӣһȥףӲǱˣ娛
ڶ˶Ծһͨϸ֮صҪѡ𯲻Ҳûкһϵе𯲻ô˳Ľı븸ϡ
жԽڳ˸м֪˾ǣȲĽл
£ڸ̾ѣ翴λǳһͷأû뵽ݣ˾档
ҪϷҺһ죬Ҳôص븸ϣĴ£𯳯ھϹл
æ֣ˣҲ֮٣Ӹл䡣
ҪĸײɱǰиȥѰԶ֪Լ
ҪлҲҪлЦһۣ
ѾˣҪΪ֣븸ϵУԺĸٲġ
Ѿĸ׺ͽ㱨˳ԸˣʲôٻܸмܽһңԺƯˡ
֡ͬĹʿ
ڿǰȴûʲôøУ䵭Ĵ˸кʿ
˲Ǳˣɵı罭Ҳ˻ԡ
ԭǽһǿɹȢҲ֪ʲôƣƭķʽŪǮ顣
ò˵ǣкҲûйɣȢΪޣ㲻̫
ڷ޶˻᲻Ϊɼ޹˶϶Ͳö֪ˣԭĹֻһʴɵĽ֣󲻾òš
һֱΪûȢޣ˺һУΪ׸Ӵƽơ
û´ɵĲҲǱ濴ȥƹʣﲻ֪Ѿʲôˡ
ָոǴνʶүʡ
ڵҲʶүֻǾʶιҹһ𡣡
־Ǿʶ˾棬ֲѧˣԵҲ㣬ͬ磬ԺҪӦǡЦ
ڿһۣ˵

ͬ磬ҪͬλһֻȡһˣǾ֣ŲὭĽύ
йʿٰʫᣬһȥɣʶЩ˶Ժ洦
ֱԾܾҪ׼ԣͲͬȥˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôѾ뿪šüеҲק˲ʶ̧٣ôл֣
ֻͬнڲѧ֮ϣпһͬһףнػᱻˢȥһһý޷һ׵
һֱһڣǽڱŲûлᣬֱԵǰһϣڵͯСҪҹץס˻ᡣ
С磬ô˸˭ͳԵģڰţֱС˳ʳ߳ʡ
С𣬡ַĽʿҪҹ
ͦġ˵̧֣ɨ롣
Сδ쳣Цŵǵ״Ԫ棬ÿλǰҪһģҪҪҲһ룿
Ҫһ롣
ʵԣΪ̽״Ԫļ۸ˣͨҪͬʳϣ͹˸ͷǮһǳԲ״Ԫģ·磬ҲҪһ롣
СϲõģҸȥ͸͡
һطš˵תˡ
˹սǣ̽ͷС˽ȥȻֳʱʹڳǡ
С棬ʹǮ˸ɸɾˣȻ˯ˡ
ֻǵ˰ҹʱʹһϵéޣ˶һ㣬ǿȥμӵԣڵʱûסϣʱûѲӡ
˹׼ٿ
ڳɹһף̽
ôҲûͨΪʲô°Ͷ۽û££ǰܻص磬ΪЦ
ɵ֪˹ٿԭ¬ͯı⣬Ȼ뽭ϣ¬ͯϣȥȡ¬ͯҹ֮ɥʧ־ĻٿҲֻǸͯĹ
ɵϣһȴ̵ջ˷̽ˣĸɷ۳мӣӴɰҵܵҲ˾ˣһӺ⡣
һϣϣȴʧŬ˰ˮһգһֺƴϡãһʱܲˣԼִƷˡ
֪ɷ˺󣬽ƽҲʳˡ
๫񡣡ջͦŸӽ
ڽվס÷֪ͨұǣҪһСġ
û£Ҷ߶ջЦ
ڵҲܲСģҷ㣬Щߡ
ɷ˽ջϸҸ۵Ц޸һԵľ
лҪ˵дһඣԼͣ

160豦1

, С΢˯ѹ, ߿տҲ, һ˿Ȼ
ȻֻƬ̣Ҳһ, ϰߡ
ϴãȥ緹һʱ, ̲סһ￴ȥ
ֻһһŮ, ӵ, ʱʱĺߺ, Ů˵ıţ, ⣬¡
С΢ɫĽźϣȴ΢΢
˯ŵŮǱ, ɷš
ɷѾʮ꣬ȴҪһ˯ǰһԡ
С΢һɬ˷һ, Ȼȥ˳
緹úźɷû, ְѼɨһ, ʱŲŴŹǷӷС΢ʱѾ˵ˣɷŵϰࡣ
, ڻû𣿡С΢ǰѯʡ
лƤҲûֻ̧ñǿ׷һ֡
С΢תȥɷ
лһѽק˻ʣʲô
Сн𴲡С΢ûϵŻôקһʹҲǳԾ
л˵˶Σŵúþû˯ţ˯ȥ
˻Ĵˣϻŵò˯ʮıС΢ҲǼ޵Ҳŵһμ
ϰҪٵˡС΢ҧҧѡ
лһν˵ٵʲôģñ˯˵С΢һۣһڿȥˡ
С΢ϳõɷڿ㡣
ôĶˣĻҪϴڿ㣬
ȥ˵裬ڿýԼϴɣˣȥЦ
ٴҲҵĺӣ裬ϴڿôˣֲϴҲϴʲôлһߵˮͷǰˮʼϴ
С΢šüͼȰ˵ţ裬㲻ϰѽڵӣѾʮˣѾˣеġ
ʮôˣʮ߾ͲҶˣС΢ҪҲԱ飬Ҹ㣬ҼҺҲһл񽿴ص
ǣȷʵһ
С΢ҲֻһŮǸĸСͽҪθкͶ뿪뿪ĸԾܶһ棬һƬ졣
ɽȴȫ෴ġ
л񽿵εζãɷôˣ඼ἷſڣ֣һëë涼ſޣܽܵǣĸҪ˯һ
޸ڰͬĻʮָͷÿɷ˯һǺ£ʱ˯ҹŽ裬һû̵ĺһ
ƽʱദɷҲ˵ʲôʲôôô裬仰벻裬ֻҪ˵ľʥּٴǶԣҪаòǾ͸ɱ˷һأĸûа¶ȥ
ǰС΢Ҳ˵豦Уû豦ˡ
̸ʱģ˳ӣΧתΪ˸ʵˣúҸ˭֪
С΢ͷǵʱĸͬ⣬ִҪޣһ븸ĸϾҪ֤ĸûˣȥĸ
ԼѡˣٲҲҪҧȥѪʣ˭ԼϹأ
С΢һۣת˷䣬򿪵Կʼ
һС˵ߣƽڼҹģȽϿɹֻۣǰûоΣñȽϴûʲô
ҲΨһܼ黳ĵطӣֻܼڹ׬Ǯ׬ܶǮܸı
ǮԼӣɷȥסӶıɷ豦ԸʵɣԼӣĵʱųȥΣȥľȥģʵжɡ
С΢Ǹ񣬹ȥܣԹʱеķգԼ֯С
дС˵ˬĶ߲֪ȴһơ
˯۾ܵĳаϲִִпյֻˣ̫ˡ
һ߽ϢһҪ𴲣˱һԼȻֻڿ㣬ϽѰ·
룬һȾȻҲû·
ҵ¹ֻ´ȥ¹·
¹ȫŮ˵·ɫȽϰ˴ģͷһʺţ벻׵ʱ򣬷űˣһʮĸ˽ܵĶ¹ź档
ʲô߰ĸط費֪л·ˣ˻Ц˵
裿
ڿ˿䣬иͷԭ˯ԼķģѲԭôֻһ䣿Ҫĸӹã
лӣ·ˣ·
ǾˣȳȥɡڻûϢ֪ʲôѾʮˣôҲܵ洩·
лһĿŶӣôˣǲĲ
ǰӻ·ʱɴûȥģΪʲôһֱȥ
豦
ڿǰĸˣξȻһ豦У
ɫܲãǲǲˣϽ迴л񽿼ǰ
ֹǰ裬û·ȳȥ𣿡
û𣿡л񽿿ŷĶӲʡ
ֱ㣬û¡
Ǻãȳȥˣ㴩þͳ緹ϰٵˡл˵תȥˡ
űϣڲ˿߹ȥŷˣٽ·ϣһƨ˴ϣսϢ
ԭһƶļͥǸũûɶ£Ҳֵòôһʵͽĺˣԭĸл񽿴С޸ĸ˲ۡ
ڶԭ۵Ƶģ޶˶ԶȴҪʲôʲôҲš
˵ã˵꾹Ȼ˺ơ
лһʱֺһˣļҲ˼̳У䵽лͷϡ
֮÷޶ʮ־ϲǮȫ˶ϣóԵĺúȵĺĺųţҲ΢չš
ԭĸײˣл񽿱ѶӵΨһļУǳ֣ԭĻ³󣬱һĸףΨĸǴӣͳ豦С
ʮĴˣѾ˻飬Ҫһ˯ҪŲ˯š
ΪԭӵС΢ȴͬ
˯һʱ΢΢˯һԭҲС΢Ϊԭĸ׹ܣԭǷתƵϣӾͻеܸ߳С
лҲ޷׶ϱѶߣֻҪԭС΢˽´ţͻȥţƻһţ˸ûжĻᡣ
лУԶǶҪˣκ˳ڶеĵλ֮ԸȢϱǵûչ˶ӣһ衯
̵ҪС΢ҪԼԶɷ˳չţѶӵš
УԶģϱĶӣС΢׬ǮȶӶ࣬ȴ˵С΢ǿģС΢ڼҲɻ̵
С΢Ҳ޷ſڶ˵̫ˣ֪˱ΪС΢úܺãżС΢ܲĸӶ˳죬ھӸ˻ָС΢֪㣬ڸв֪ȵȡ
С΢Ҳǲ飬ֻǵ޸ԭһֵ븸ĸϾС΢ǸҪǿӣԼˣֻǿš
С΢ԼǮ˷ӣԭȥ·סͼıԭлչ˶ΪҲ˹ȥС΢뿪ƣ˵С΢ТҪߣ֮ԭҲʵ벻ĸףһȰ˵£л񽿱·С΢ֹԭʹӡ
ѹֵĻ£С΢صһл񽿷ܳȥ
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ֻȲͬС΢С΢ǰ˳ŻУڼʲôлָʹתͺл񽿳ܣԭȴװһ˵ƭȡԭΣл񽿼Ҷ˵ԭĻö֮лҲˡ
˶Ӻԭһ˼ڶϣл񽿵Ӻ͹עԽԽ٣л񽿾þʹʧȥ˶ӣĵĲûþͲˡ
ԭĸû˸ɻˣԭ֮ìܱ㿪ʼð˳ԭɣȲԸɣֻӵ㹤ˣɶȶԼѵƣҲܡ
һԼѵҴƣӺӳͰѺӹڷĺӣ£ѧŴųȥ磬Ϊˮⴥ硣
Ⱥûȣ֪ӳ£ֵʱ嶼͸ˣŻˣ˼Ĵˡ
ԭصҷֶˣŲ֪٣ĴҲûˡ
ˣˣûˣǮûˣԭһ겻񣬹Ƶ˾ˣûжοûԭͻӳӵǮһС
ԭʱݵòӣסĳݾһùһָߣе棬ֲԵʱһʬ嶼Ѿ˴룬һӵĶ
ڿ⣬ɵбһе˭ȻĸģΪĸһζ簮ӣ̺Ӷɺûһֺѡ
ǿɶģлҲʳС΢Ǹȴ޹ġ
½ʱԭҲˣԼûдСѧûмʱ̣һĶС΢޹ӣ깱׸ϵͳϣܸС΢һµҲܸı˵Ľ֡
վһóص飬˳ȥѰĿꡣ
ȥˢѾ㼷ˡӳˣлЦǰȥ֡
ڱܵ˦裬Ѿˣܲܽҵ֣Ҫٽб
ʮıľúܹ
ôˣл񽿲׶ΪʲôʮжӵΪʲôӾͲԸˣ
һźõ̬Ⱥ裬ҶˣұúֺܱŤ𣿡
ԭһ߳ߴˣ߳ȥдӸˣԼԼҲܵˣ
ʲôֵģһֱе𣿡л񽿾ú޹
ڱ˱ۣǰˣڿʼٽұСڣڶɣǲٽбܲˡ
Ϊʲôѽл񽿺ܲ⡣
˵Ϊҳ˰Ҷˣ˶ҲҪԼĺӣбʱҴӦҶӴӦ
Ǵ󱦱Сְܺ
˵ҲܣҪٽұҾͣҾ͡лʲôԹһ
УоͲУ趼ģɱްˡлżĺ
ڣ
ԭûΪС¿޹һΪҪޣŵ޴ġ
ͳһѣǻǼ꣬ܰѺӽҲǸбµġ
֪л񽿣Ȼ˵һװ޲ʣҲûķӣлһҲһˣûô׸ı䣬θŸıһ˵
һȦûС΢ʣ裬С΢أ
ԣʲôҲܣ治֪Ȣʲôģᵽϱлһٸ⡣
ԣ
Ӧд
תͳС΢ķȥ
лһסӣϽˢϴ緹ϰٵˡ
ڿһǽϹŵӣѾ˵ʮˣԭŵϰ࣬ȷʵˣǹҪԭΨһܶɵˣҪǶ˹ĳ˷ˡ
С΢ҲһʱԺеʱ䡣
תȥϴ䣬ϴãŲϷŵκһţ̾Ҫš
Сڣ緹ȥ㻵ˡл񽿼æȰ
ڿٻЬӣ߱߳ԣ裬ˣұ߱߳ԡ
л񽿻˵ʲôӰһأˣ̾Ϣһߵɳ£Щ̹
ӽôˣ·ҲѵˣӦð˯úõģҲûʲô¡
ǶľԼˣ
ɵӣٴҲĺӣԶеı
绰ʱС΢ڵǰõžž죬ٺܿ죬һʱдһ֣лУͣ£д
еģֻҪǲʱģ²Է˯ҲҪдȻйдǾʹˡ
С΢òֻͣĻʾǽڶ֣ɵóԾϽι
С΢Էɡ˰࣬Ҳ
С΢Щ⣬ԴӽھͲٺһȥԷˣлԷɾַǮһҲСڵദ
ѵýȥԷܲӦ
ЦӦã
˵绰ӱϱʼǱ·š
ȥлڳƯƯҪţʡ
һĽԼԣҲҪŵźã÷ҲԣƵܣǲǱŶӸ
С΢ȻɷȥԷҪ֪ӵദǳˣ˵Ǹˣûˣȥ򡣡
ȥ㻹ױ˭أл˵ȴҲˡ
缸ͲˣԼҲû⣬ϱҲûôܣʲôûжҲ
С΢Ҳ죬Ьӳȥˡ
ȳŴ˿Ŀ£˶
˳ȥ˽ڷֻϵĲλá
С΢ڼæ֡
С΢Ц߹ȥ
ʿĸӣ¡
С΢ȵĿһۣȻӣʱҲûй¡
ҲҪɷôСĸӣʲô¶ԼɣҲǽŮֻҪɷ㣬ˡ
ڶ˸һˮȻ˰ɣȱˮһ¡
ֵʢģһʵȡ
áС΢ӹˮһڣʱ͸ˣʣô뵽Է
˵õɣǺܾûദˣǡù˾λͬ˼٣ֻöԼˣͬǶ˫ɶԵģҾ뵽ˡ
С΢˵ͷԭǳʲô
ʲô㣬ġڽ˵ݸ
С΢
ڱûģǰʱһζģҲΪʲôϹԭ򣬱ʵƭˡ
ò͵ȴʱ䣬סС΢Ǹ˵С΢Բ𰡣ίˡ
ڣС΢û뵽ڻͻȻǸЩȡ
ίˣܴίˣ̫꣬಻ܽܵ飬ЩѾصĵ߸ۣܲˣָı䲻ˣǰѲˣÿ춼òġ
ίȴ޴˵ֻԼ
ҲûɷǸ
˵֪ҺʽǰҲûʲôľĽܣ״Ըı䣬˽ֻԼĸܣ㣬Ҵˡ
С΢㶵Ŀзˮ⡣
˸ΣμˣҺ¼ˣҶſˣŷһΡڱѻ
С΢뵽ϿĻ棬ѵʱԼĶΣ
ڼ˵Ϊҵ˽£ȻһΣȴҲʶԼĹС΢ıԼһӺеΪɷΣһصˣҪİܰ𣿡
С΢͵ĵͷܣԸ㣬ڣֻҪʶģҶԸ㡣
֮ż尾ȵľ죬ֻҪɷԸģ¡
ǺãԺһŬһҪһɷҪ㣬˺ˡס֣֣ص
С΢ϲãһŬһеġ
޶̻¶Ĺ󣬾Ľ࣬ٷԵʮ죬˷ھͻȥϰˣС΢ҲؼҼд
Ŀ꣬джˡ
С΢صҵʱл˯ϱҲû棬ƽȹһ١
дûõʱ⴫л񽿱ԹС΢Ҳûᣬţš
С΢ţҡ
֪д°С΢һѾˣչøӹϵԣš
ΪԷģ˭֪ڼŸˣС΢ʣôˣ
ûôˣ˵˵ߵ£Ц˵
С΢ǸᣬԼҺԼɷ˵Ҫţʲô£
ڿ˼§˵ģһȥģ˼ҹִЩ˼ָٹˣһʱı䲻ˣҵʱ䡣
֪ģֻҪңʲô̡С΢˵
ϧҲһζܣ˶Ҿͻĵӡ
㣬ڡС΢˽ȫĵΡ
һȣʲôڴС΢ȥ
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ԭܣǱŤ뷨˼Ҳ¶ӡ
ԭС΢ϲģֻҪȥֻƵ뷨ԭС΢Ȥ
С΢ԭĺϷӣǺϷΪɵģڲͣĽ˼άݵȻȻľ뿿С΢
Էˡʱ⴫л񽿵ĺ
ͣ¶С΢δЩԹ
ڵ˵ϼ
С΢΢죬뵽ֳϲһ˯ˣ
ˣҺ˯˵
С΢ͷһϲ˵ͷ
޶˳ӣл񽿼һͲˣǹʲôأ
裬ӣʲôġڴС΢˵
л񽿺ίСڣǰġ
裬ҲСˣʲôϣҲٰҵС𣿡һ˵
л͵ˣӣǲǣ̫ˣ鷳ǲǣߺˣ費ǵۣѼڳӡ
˵ŽΧȹҪߡ
裬ߣʱҺС΢˷ӣߡڲ
˾͸СһԽԽ
лͣ¶ŵתͷŶӣ㡢Ҫߣ㲻Ҫˣ
Զ裬ҵĺҲһТϣˡҲıѾˣҪҲ˵
л£ûչˣܹúС΢չ˺ڿӶϴ
裬չ˺ң޾ϸ΢裬չҶأû֮Ҹô죿չ˳һӤ޷ûгпȥʡ
лί˵赱ȻžҸϱչ㣬迴ۣϱǸõģ߻͵Ū·ǣȢ
һС΢ڶǰ˵ʲôöԵ뷨ģһжС΢Ĵ
裬С΢ܺãûĸһչңǷޣӦ໥֣⣬ݣͬάǵļңΪˣӦչֵΪһƬ죬һζҪΪҸ
޳ˣڲûҪȴС
ǰסļ裬˵ĸ֮ӣΪԶ˼ӵĸĸӦΪӵĳԶ㣬ǰѺȦԼȵĳŰţʧȥѵ˲ǸˣǸ裬ѵñ˵ĶǷ𣿡
лҪ˵µĹ¿ʼ

161豦2

㵱ȻǷ, ĺӡл񽿼æ˵
ڿЦ, , ҶʮˣϻҪһ˯, ͬµĶӲѾԼ˯ˣ֪ͬô󻹺һ˯Цңڹ˾Ҫ̧ͷˡ
ûǵ, ôʲôϵƾʲôЦ㣿, ֻܲˡлòС
˵Ǹ, Ǹ, ǶԸ, Ҳųҹң裬Ժʹһ, ҳЦų⣬ΪʲôҪɱеĹ
һ˯ѣôǹˣлʵ벻ס
ٴظ, ôͲأΪѾˣС, Ӧĸ, ʹˣӦñչ˲Ŷԡ
裬Ҳ뱻ҳЦ, Ҫ۰ңͰҺ𣿰ᣬұһˡ
л񽿿Ŷӣޱãչ˶ӣ۰ӵľٶȻǴ
ڲûлһ˯ȥС΢ķ䣬˺Ϸ֮Ӧ¡
ķС΢ɷУҸۡ
ǰΪɷУȻ˺þã֪ɷ򲢲ǲкˡ
ֻǸֵ֮ڣǡ
㲻̫࣬׵ġ§
ֻܶѽ飬ı仹ҪԼͨԶ벻ͨҲǱϵĸı䣬ǷĵģԾŲԹ
С΢㲻ˣɷаĵ˯ȥ
Ҳе飬ٽ硣
ڷлȴû˯ţһֱ۾컨壬˯ţûжģöҲ˯ţһֱڵ˭֪ȵҹӶûʵ̫ˣһС˯ˡ
˸ΣС΢С΢ţȻˣС΢ʬ塣
תӴ˸ͦŴӵŮ˻ܸˣǽͲˣΪǸȵŮ˼ֲ̱˵һʮ䣬С
һתӳˣϲѣÿΧתȵҲԽƵӾȻҲָĲѣĲˡ
ûˣӾȻҲûѹӹúܿģֻûãҲˣȲɻϰֻ֪࣬ƹ֣Ҳܡ
ž齫ȺͼŮڼҴ齫ӹؽ˷䣬ˮʪԵȥó壬ôвҪĺ
Ӵ絹˵ϣȫ鴤ȥȴӣֻܳȥȣȴ󺰣ҪȥץҲץţˣȴ޼ƿʩ
ֻܻطȥӣʱѾ˶ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãЩƵŮˣŴŹǷţһĶӣŰûиӴ绰Ĵۺֽˡ
öӻˣʹ޲ѣҲȣּĴۺֽҲûˣ̱ڵأһҡ
ӱ˾Ī뿪˹˾صҺһҲûڵϿź衣
ǰסӣӣӣĻҲֻŶһޡ
һգۣˣǶһڼªķﲡصĳ㲣ֳ䶯棬һһ˵裬ѧС΢ҾͲн³裬ұ㺦ģҺ㣬Һ㡭
ɴ˫ۣŶݣӾȻ˵ӲС΢ȣκˣȴ
ˣЩȫȥ⣬˹ȥ뱣ӵʬ壬Ϊȥû˿õü˵ֻŶӱʳ
ҪҪлһߴһܵĻĻָʶԭΣͷĺޱһΡ
Ǹ̫ʵˣʵһ
л뵽жǰĻʡ
裬ҶʮˣϻҪһ˯ͬµĶӲѾԼ˯ˣ֪ͬô󻹺һ˯Цңڹ˾Ҫ̧ͷˡ
Ǹ࣬ǸǶԸҲųҹң裬ԺʹһģҳЦų⣬ΪʲôҪɱеĹ
裬ôͲأΪѾˣСˣӦĸʹˣӦñչ˲Ŷԡ
裬Ҳ뱻ҳЦˣҪ۰ңͰҺ𣿰ᣬұһˡ
϶˵ĻǸ˽ĽͻȻšֱˣͨˣҲˣٺӣҪӱһˡ
һˣл˱´ЬҲͳ˳ȥӡ
ںС΢ڳ緹л񽿵ĺһ߳һʣ裬ôˣ
ӣˣ費Ӧðһһ࣬躦㰡ģģʲôģʲô趼ҲˣҪ㣬һˡлץŶӵĸ첲߿ޱ˵
ھȣôһͨˣ
ЬӶû޵һѱһᣬв̣裬ͨͺãڻһжüˣҷȥɳҸЬӡ
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裬ͨˡЩ˵
˵֤ⷬԼͨˡ
ҪͨҪԭҲľȴŬıĸ׵뷨Ͳһϵеı硣
С΢վڳſڣЦһĻ̫ˣˣԺһ˶ܹδһõġ
л񽿵˼˳׵ľĸദϰ߱ϾѾγ˶ʮ꣬һı䲻ˣܶʱл񽿶֪ظǰٶںС΢ѣҲĵĽܲı䡣
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лҲֶϱ˽£ںС΢Ĺʷֱÿһ¾Ҫ˻һǮ򳵣޶ҲóһǮл˽á
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лԸ⣬ӷǮӶϱȰ˵ӦˣֻȥһξͣĿԷ飬ʲôֻҪǣһȺ˵˵ЦЦֵĺò֣Ļ᲻ϲ
תעһֱŶӶϱҲԼ˽˿ռ䣬̬Ҳÿһã˿žᣬҲɫϵˣ˲ѣûϽüһȺȲԳԶļҳӹòҪ̫㡣
û˼ͥķС΢Ҳܰĵ֣õȪӿдС˵öϲҲԽ
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˲Ǳˣȡ
ԭĹһ֪ڽ˻黹Ҫ˦Ҳ˦
޵ľֲ֪ܵˣ˻ŮˣΪһ˽ƻ˻ģ
Ѿֱ׵ľܾΣԾɾֱ޳ܡ
ڣµĵӰƱֻҪһţ͸ɣһͷ΢ŨױŮ߹ЦŵһŵӰƱ

һ󷴸УƱһۣ˵ǾллˣӰһ˿ʲô˼
ǰҲһ˿û˼ҪԼƱЦųۡ
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лˡƱת뿪ˡ
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µĵӰƱ˭Ҫڻصţͬº
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˵ãôҼϰ࣬Ҳذ칫ˡ
󷽣µӰƱˡ
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ǵӰƱ˺ôĹŪģȻ͸ˣҪҲţˡ
Ҫܾеǰ취ܾˡ
һֱڰ칫æ°ʱţڻûæԲ뵢ʱ䣬ͷҲû̧ĺ
𣬽Ÿ߸ЬǸŮͬ½ˣҲû⣬ֱŮͬһߵߣŲͷȥȣšü
㲻ҲŵģҰ칫ʲôʡ
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ЦĶˣܣ˼㡣
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˵˵ú£վҪߣҳȥȥҾͽ˽ȥ
һѽȥһ̧һԼ¸ˣǿӻһء
ھȣôһͰ·Ӹȫģ·Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ڽھʱѾקסĸ첲ȻУҪܣҪǰ칫ң㲻

ڻǵһμĲʲô˲Ҫ޵С
ŭȣ˫ֱסĸ첲˶ϣʵƲ
˰Ҫңٴγ
űƿһȺˣĻ涼Ŀɿڴ
ЩǰĽڵŮͬĶˣõһôҲû뵽ޣ̫ʧˡ
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ܣôҵ㻹ѵһᳶԼ·㣿ǸŮӣѶûһŮӵЦȰסؿڣź
ЦԭѶûţĸѶûŮӻ˵ֲĻĸѶûŮӻȲҪ
ŮͬæϣͬǼָڡ
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ȴͷᣬڵס۵׵Ц⣬ڣܾҰװ߰ⱲҲѲҡ
ˡʱžˡ
߻֣ɣǸʮͷŮˣһͷ̷ɾ䣬࣬Դ쵼ϣ߽ɨһۣʲôˣʱΪʲô󳳴֣˹˾ƶ𣿡
֣ȿǰȸ״ǽҪҡ
һģ˵ñʹ֪ΪŮ
֣˵תͷڣܣ˵𣿡
Ȼǡ߽ұױҾܾȻ·ҪҷʲôҲû
ָڣ޳ܣҪҵ·ңҪҴȣѾóˣ·ȴȫƵ̫Ҫˡ
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ڿһۣƽãΪ㸺ֻҪǾҲҲŸ𡣡
ӣȥһȳ·ǸŮͬ˵
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Ѿ°ʱ䣬ͬǶȥʰ°ˡ
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һΪ֪û뵽ڰ칫ҷϵĻ汻˹˾վϣø߲ŭźӸ֪ˡ
һĶѾʮ꣬Ҫˣȴ¸洵һһŭ֮º˻飬Ҳ
˾һˣһ˹ûźӣúõӻһ
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һ󣬽ڱΪ۲һְλ˵֣ڸܲǰ֣ܲÿĹ
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һҹС΢ڲú֪У˫ϲţһӶ˻ˡ
ʮºС΢һŮл񽿲ûֻ뵽ǸӣȻʧ
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󣬽һ˴ӣ˺ӣҲ˹˾ܲãŮƯɰС΢ú㣬ֻûܶŮ˫żеСź
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С΢һҸЦԲˡ
лҪ˵ֻ£𣿾ϲ𣿡

1621

, Ѿȥ, ǰͻкϢء͸Ź
ڸջָʶ, üģͷ
մ֪ʲô״, ö˵ʲôϽϢ
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ڵ, ȳȥ, ϢƬ̾С
, ¸ˡ谲ȭһ, ˳ȥ
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һŮӣŻȻ裬ֻɴò֪ΣȴҲܴʿ̽һӦǸ˶
һ佫һŮӵĻ鷿ȻŮʮҪѵԭİŮӣ
Ϣϣ
ʱϢҲˣڸϽ鿴
һΪʤĹңʵ۶гưµҰģ䣬佫ʮӡ
ԭϾ㿪ʵսķĴ󽫾ҲǿԪѫʤ壬ܵأҲóء
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檳Ⱥ˵ϥӣ¼òУƫҩĲҪǮƵԺͣ˶۰Ͱ͵һӳŮУٲҪýҾ˺
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»ϲ֣ҲŸˣ˲ٶ
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裸ǻõļУδĺȡ֡
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ϵ֪ϢҲԸӽȥɷѶֻҪúý̵ŶӲЩ治£ǽѾ϶ǻӵȰִҪߡ
˸ҪͶһߣȫ˶Ҫӣĸ׵ҲܲҪ
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ϵ֪ҪȥսĶиʲô⣬Ҫڶ뾩ǰȢףѾɫ˶Ů
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ԭּսһȥꡣ
󣬴ݹϢµ۴ϲ֣ȥսͽʿԭһؾʾء
µһȥӻԭһŮӣŮݲֻ֪ѩ̣ԴʤһսɳĽ֮
ѩѩȣ޹ǣǳЦȻܹ˻ǡ
Ե˴Ůµ۱ֻרһˣһŲ̶վѩ谮֡
ʱҲԭ鷿һŮӵĻǻеŮ䲻ÿòѩһ޶죬ɷҲѩ
Ǹܴϻ۵ŮӣƺûеƣʲôҲ֪һĶԭҲóԭǰˣ֮Իŷ֮ྴڱȫĶϣûǶ飬ɷ򲻻࿴һۡ
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Ϊ˱ԼµĺӣԶΪɣԭ룬Ȼĸ뿪˾ǣһƧĵطţԶ˾еĹĶǡ
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֣Ȼ˽ԭʬǸʵµĶҲɱˣԼĺų˵Ѫ
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ʱһĸܹûѽҰߣʣʬǣһɽˮĵطˣǸ󣬵
ԭϳǱˣǶǰȥ֪ٵԭ
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ǳɫȹټ򵥣ֻε׺ûƯѩͲԶˣԭڼѩǰҲ֪ϻǵˣѩһ㣬һһЦ顣
ֻЦضԭΪ˸˲ʹĴۡ
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Ժţʵ⣬ǲ԰䣬ֻһʲô˵ߣˡ
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ػһ޸ˡѡҪ˯ˣ˯ͷһ
糡
»֮ҹѾڵŮſϡ֪ˣ
СүүҴˣܻؼҲ
ˣˣҺⱲӶ뿪


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谲˼ʱ䣬ﰲ׵, Ҳƽտ飬һԾûг
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Щʲô飿ڷ±̲סߵʡ
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˹ŮҪȥݼʺ󣬽ҲҪԱһȥ룬˷ֿˡ
ﱻڴʺйȥʱеѾˣپҲ˲٣һ۾ͿŻ޶˵ѩ˵Уȴһ˿ɫȻʧɫ
ǰٻ޵滨̫ҫۣβעĿ
вɵøѩվڽߵĻ棬Ļ
񣬱ʺɫãƽαģ
ʮͷһĸӺݻ̬ǧĳҲǼģֻѩǰѷɫ࣬ĸµҲѩûеģ˭Ǻ˭һܱ硣
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ʺŶһ
һĹپ쿪ڵɼˣƵ֬ۼãҲϲˣ֮أ
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ǹپЦѰȡֵͷˡ
⵹пܡʺЦſкĽ˺øֻһˣ檶ûУƺ
ǹپҲɲǣÿ˫书ǸӵĺɷǴʤͷźˡ
ûûҲͷӦ͡
ߵ͸ˣֻͷֻͷһĿⶢҪˣɵ̧ͷȥײһ˫ŭ޵С
ջߵͷпӵ˲Ǳˣѩ
ѵѩҲŽڣ򲻻
ҲǵģûõѩϿɣθΪı棿
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绹һʱգʺǲɢˣ԰ɻʱȥϯĹɡ
ʺ֬۵ķӣûʺ޹˿ȸ߳㱻һŮ¡
˹ȥ˵Ŀһۣ
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ﰴסģعòЩ과ĸ׶ĵζˡ
˼ǽΪ˶Ȣ㣬Ϊ˶ѩ̧ϸˮаָ˷ޱ黷ʡ
𣺡ǡ
ԭֹΪѩҲΪڶѩ˵ȢΪ˶飬
Ƕ飬ʮҲˡѩ̵
:ԼǣⶫҲţûֻ֮ܶ˵ľˡ
ѩӦϣٲ飬Щźá
ѩȳ⣬ϣҳԲѷײܣ죡
죬Ļ޲ףײ֮⣿
ͻȻʲôѩͿ˳ۣһѵ񲻹˸ˡ
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֣֮ѩüʣ˼ǱǹҪ鷳
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ѩۣת˦ӣȥȻǸҪˡ
ѵϳĿȴԴ
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߽һЩպα˶ŭʮȥϾҪˡ
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Цʲôѩˡ
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ԴΣŲⱾΣ
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ǳʮˣһС֮Ů⸻ʮ꣬ٴĶҲˣݾ޷бŮˡ
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ڵѾаźһУȳĺϢɣ

1643

, Ǻɡ
ںȲĶ΢, ̧ͷ, ƽΪΣ
ү׽ʮ, ǽҵˣûٴڽңΨȥ΢΢š
ڵҴδֹ, ñ͵, ԭ, ǲǽҹڹ˾, ʲôԶˣ
²յǰ, ߣãϥ𣿡
ۡҡͷ, л֮
ȥ֣Ƿޣһ壬Ҳۿί
ܿ, ڵ󽫾дº飬뿪ɡ
Ҷ˵˲, ΪִҪ룿Щա
Ϊ֪, ֻҪڸУżĸĶ飬ɱŮ, ĸãΪԼͽ󽫾ȫ
ҪҲͬأڳʡ
ǽͬ⣬ֻһԸҪҲܱ϶˽
Ǻοࣿ̾ϢһǰִҪ뿪Ҳ㣬ֻһŮӣ󲻹ȥﶼܷ飬ҽ㣬ǰͷѰ֮Σ
мѣлȫ
½ϺϢܿ촫龩Ҳû̫ȣϾ޽Ѿʮ꣬һֱûãƼҵĶһֱδ檣ƽʱҲ˽˵˽ҵǸˡ
˺룬ھͿɱŮΪˡ
ֻǣ뿪ҺûлƼңû֪ȥҶԲ²һǾûؼң뿪ȥ˱ĵطӡ
ǣҺ󲻾ãƼҾͳˡ
ĸֵȫְƼ±ء
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ݵﲢ֪г£ÿιССã߿Сͷֻ֣߲Щۣ֬۵ʱǧϿ顣
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𾪣ھ˵ĲĿмҵģһʱζӳ£ҲЩã֪ڶ黹顣
Ѿˣ˺޹ϵ
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ʱĺ´̿ͣΧסŷĽĿⶾԹĶеݡ

1654

, ǵر, ҪˡܴҴҴӵ
һһ, 𣬻ҡҷ֮, ԡͰ֮ƣԼɼ˼ѩ۶ˡ
ܼ˵ҲΪ֮, ѩʵ̫, мֵܵˣ
ѩԡͰ̺Ļڰ, ЦҪϲˡ
, , ǻ𣿡ܲ²׼ӵ˼ѯʡ
ѩ̴ĵĻ꣬, ֣Ϊβ֣
ǡתҪȥ
ѩ̽סȻǽΨһĺӾŰɣֻ½ڲ汾𣿡
ҪǸвȽˡ
ܿһۣͷūˡ
ѩ˼, ɱĸ
Ըȥ£ٻصѩߵ, ǱߴϢ, ǲˡ
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ʱĳү˳СЦץˡ
ɳүǸʱҲҵϵߣ¶ĿүϵѰѲ޵Ҳѷˡ
СһۣϳҲǽеɱ֣ǣͻǽԹģϴҲǴ˶¶űүܣҪӵһҪȡ˹
Ҳûãүɱүİӣ㱾͸ǼЩ飬ǿװƵ
Сŭɱ˷Ż𣬡ҸŮҲеѣʲô
ɱֵУΨɱûܹ˵ģʵ̫ɶˣôİգʵڿȥɱڣҪٸѡһΣǻѡɱ
үǵϵİܣݺСүүΨһĶӣСʲôʲôҶСүָ֣
СŭޣҪǹĽã㻹˵óĻ𣿡
ҪСүܿҵĽãҾңҸ˻أͷ
СѣҪĶʮ˴㶪ˣĸҲù߹
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ޣС˿ĭ
ǱһջĨ˰󻩵һν𣬡СǶ㳢ӵ˵ŻӽСȴ˹ȥ
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ǵĽҪСĽŽʱͻȻһ˵ϡ
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˵á˵Ŵ˺
׷ӱ߱ٿ׷۵ĺۼΧźתһȦֻȥĵط
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ȵĺ۾ϧĶͷɵ
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𣬽ڶҩ˽ַˡ
ˣСͷһˮ˺̫ˡ
ߣҩǰҸҩţȳˣġ
лл๫СЦŽӹ
˯ҵķôǺãҵɽЩҩɲȥˡ
ҪɽСҩʡ
ڵͷҪ壬ⲡôУ
ȥأڼҵ㡣СЦ
ڸѱסȣãһᾡģСڣڼС׼ܡ
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ɽ£ȥҩЩ̲ҩģ˳̽Ϣ
үһҹҲûѵˣַµͣԭʮ˶ʮ˲ٵĽˡ
ûᣬ¨׼ȥ˼˵ǰ̧ͷȥֵĽ֣΢
µһϣԭڴ˴үҵҲͣϣȥһ˳ɣ˵ҪܾٵүҪ֪ڴ˴а취ҵ㣬㻹Ǹȥһ˰ɣ
룬Ǵ·ɣ
лҪ˵Сɰ˵û飬ǲܵģǰ

1683

µһϣүǰ¨ҵʡ
֪ѰõµһϾȻҲСҲ, δŹڴ, װ, ڴӵġ
طԻµһŮ̿ͺµһɱֶ
ڿһ, ȭϣ֪үкηԸ
ҪȥɱŮ̿ү
ֱӾܾˣү, Ѿ, ʽ֮, ˡ޷үɱˡ
ʮ, Ҫɱ, ʮⱲӶԽʳˡү
ǾܾҪôá
һԵĽ𾪲, үǲŶʮȴʮϾȻܾǮڷ
үЩ, Ҫڣֻ, , Ǳٽһˣһ޶ߵﶼս, һúܲȣҪǰﱾ£͸پһûٸɧ㡣
书ôȴͻȻ˽밲ȹӣǮҪĹְҪġ
ڵһˣĻ٣
ʵ٣٣ð֣彭ˣҪ֪֮Īûĸ˸ƻʳǳеĹԱֻܱܶԶ֮
ֻǸˣȻɱĶӣý֪ƻʳʲô³
ڿųүһǾܾˡԴ
㡭үߵջѣүѾôõ˻Ӧ̫ˡ
ү죬ϣ㲻żܾȥú룬ұʱӭ㡣
뿪˳λҲ˳Ȱϣүô˵Ĳ𣿡
ĵġڵ
ģĵԭԭү򶯣ȥԼɱˡ
Ĺºܼ򵥣ɽֵµһµһŮɱ˫⣬Ϊޣ˫֪ԷʵݣΪԷǲ书ͨˣֱүץԭɽӣŵ֪ӵʵݡ
ԭǲӣֻǳү̫ˣһ֮˴¡
뽭֮ˣҪǰӣһ뽭ݣԭﶼܱϳȻ޾ɱ¾鷳ԭΪһݣŽ˳ү֦
Сʱŵ֪ɷݣ𾪲ѣҲĲѣûڵȴԼİɷУ޾Թ޺ź뿪
ֻԭҲûϵǣүûʵֳŵ߶ɿеĽɱΪȫ׷ɱĶ󣬿ɼԭ³жңԭʱѾûһ⣬Щһ˸һ̳˷ѡ
ԭŻ򣬾Լʵ̫ˣȻ˳үǸĻɱԼİӣø³
ڵػС
ӳү֦ᾡŬСҸ
ǽ˲ʣȻ㶯ˣΪʲôӦү
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үİӱɱǺ޼˽ˣҰɱүҲδػֳŵʱһ߼͵Ķˡ
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԰ɣүײޱȣݽ棬ôЩ޸Ľ˷ǲµ߹ˣ߹к³𣿡ڿʡ
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ʵ۲ţΪ͸үĸҲʧӰʼҰ书ǿܱһвö֪¡
ǳүŰ裬¸ɾǵðԹصٹԱʵ鲻̿ȴʵ۵˸ɻĵܵˣҲϸȥ͵ˡ
ӵİΪ˱ںСû˵ү֣ʵҲû׷ȥƽϢȥ
ںСû뿪ʯɽɽ°յĹϵǢ
ûҽսΪڴϢɽ֣ʽ֮¡
๫ԻƹϡССϣָŵˮ۵Сƹ
ڷ³ͷ߹ȥժһСƹϣȥϪˮϴˣݸ԰ɡ
л๫СҧһۻƹϣЦۣɿڣóԡ
أϲٸժڳ谮
СЦŵͷá
Һץ˺ö㡣ʱһҵСкһСŮ¨˷ܵ˹
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¨׵֣ҷˤˣ۵ġ
áСŶӵС֣һһȥ
ϦУһĿڵӰӳڻľϣ˵Ц˱˷ɽ֣ޱܰ
лҪ˵д¸¼Ŷ


1691

ƽ˵ʲôֵ, ǽҵĶ, һɷֵ, ΣƾʲôӿϵĹҪ㣿
ǹؼǴ˵, ˵úãչӶɣǲ, ûʹĸǸ, Ǹûʸ˵, ǽҵ, ѵԼĻ»˵һ˵𣿡
ڸ, ﺦ㣬ҪͶڵĸĶҲͲشί, ûãֻǸ檣Ҳ˿𡭡
ڿǰ޿齫аʱĸˣöһ, һס˵֣ļ, , ؼҪ޸ҵһŮӣȢһŮѾˡ
, Ҫ֪ؼҵĵŮҲȢȥ
ؼʲô˼ңһɱҵ͵ȵ̻ˣΪǼƣմʵԵʲЩ棬ЩؼұǼҴţǼ;˳죬ŸĻͥʢ֪չô˼ҡ
ŮôУڸ㵱õģһֲҪģҪǴȥ㻹ôʢˣ
Ȱο֮ʼǸӣҲ˵ˣؼǼЩ;˳죬ۿžҪǿǼңȢؼҵĵŮҸˡ
˵ڸһ㲻𣿡ɸֵĿŶӡ
ǽҵΪΨһ¶ӵڽҵĵλЩȽﻹҪߣҲߣöӺ͵һĴ¶Ҫһ̡
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֪ΪҺãź£ҵѾˣ˵ʲôҲı䲻ˣܣʱǶҪȥ֣͵ģҲԸ⿴İɣֵ
ﵱȻҲ֪Ҳı䲻˽ͽʱˣ˵£ҲҶߡ
бˣ˭ֻǸ檣ıǰ̣ԺҪԼˡ
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뵽⣬סӵ֣ϣⱲӾͿˡ
İһıһٹһŵ
ŭ˸߲ҵ뿪С߽ͷʣӣ˵ʲôΪʲôô˵ˣ
Ҫʡڿһۣ𽣳š
ڨЦŸȥӣղŽҪȥ
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ҡͷԺ˽Ӹʼ˳ľ顣
ԭǸӣ丸ǵɣȢҵĵŮҼҲϵְֳ飬ְȽҴ˽жʮ־ء
ңʢʱѧʿֻǼ˥ˣһһ˽һ˳;ֻһˣ֧ȥ˱ıûʲôǫ̃ˡ
˽һֱڹٳӪӪܸܸϣ壬ʮһ굱˹ɣسҲ֪ı£ְλͷⶥˣ˶ΨӸ˺ϣܱøߡ
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˭֪׺ɷȴôޣԺеѾͷǽһ𣬻ӡ
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Ĺ϶ؼҳֻܶסɽԻµƾéԿʲˣĹ˰һ궬죬ѩ׷ɵҹѩѹéݣ
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С, ҹ, Ъɡʫѵ
϶ҳ, ȥЪϢٿ顣
С, ￴飬ϸ۾ˡ
޷ȥ, ѵ±ǡ
ʫӦ, תȥˡ
, ΢ĽŲ, ϶ôֻˣİ, ٿһյĹҲȥ˯ˡ
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϶ɻתͷȥһźµվڲԶͷһ, ܵҪг
Ī£ǽڡ
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϶ҡҡͷԾ⣬ӲлֻǹӴȥУΣأء
ģΪҲᱣԼġڵ
϶һ̣ͷ
ڴȡһǮЩǮ֪üѣЩǮţԱʱ֮衣
лӡ϶ûоܾУõʵ̫ˣʵҲֻҪĸ˶ӣ˱ķĸ˵ĺǵòˣܵõδĺã˻ܾ
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лĸסתһԵĽΣ磬ǰףƿ˳죬
лܣҲҪءε
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ǽҵĵӣеһжģȴǽΨĶӣʲôҪƽ֣ȥӪѰ·ϣźá
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ŴŽڵļţӽ쿪ʼֳԺҪһԺ˭żһŹ
Ŵָ˭˭أ
ǣ㲻㻹ñ֡
ԶԣոҪ˶ʮѾȥ˰С

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Ŵﲻ˵Ļ˻ӣȥȥȥϹ˵ʲôأֻǲķͷˡ
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ͷҴһزȥˣ
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Ժͷ͵һʣô£ô£
֪ô£ӪͻȻˣһʰеؾˣƼһ·ӣڷֶû·ˡ
Ժ;ʣڷֺ;Ӫ֮ӣǻôչģ
Ǵչģʿ޵
ԺһŵתͷȥôܣôܶȺӣ

1713

︱ǽϷסҪµ￬
￬ֱðѪ, ݺð˵һ, ɱ
ݵͷ, һµľе佣, ɱȥ
ԺǱΪȺӵĻ𾪵ûʱ, 򿪳, ɱˣ
ʲôɱˣֻмǸɱʮսԺ;ʡ
ǵԮ, , ǧɱˣСָųŴֵ
Ժ̧ͷȥ, ֻýŻӳӿıͬϰһ㣬ںһƬ, ҽ磬ɱ춯أܵľˣæԶԶ, ڴ˵ֵȴ˳ˣ
ԶԾЩ, Ժ˧, δоս˧ӣǰܻʿ
Էǻ, Ҳ˵ʲôֻӦǣ
Ժʹˣǰео󷽻ͣ˧ȥж̿Ҳ֮ġ
ܽʱ֪ηһֱֻӽԶɱڵء
ң±ɢɾ
лɱ׷ԺͶȥ
ݼɢϾŽ󺰣ɱоɱƬײҽ
ɱһӦضɽҡ
һȣΪļ׷ɱ޵ֵ֮Ҳ޴ӣǰд𣬺׷ֻ׸֮ʬ壬ѻɽ̯ѪɺӣѪˮӣյøңߵƬն͸ˡ
ô죿ӣһǰĴɥʡ
ǰһƬסȥ·ɱףǸô죿
ǰĻ𣬼ֱţǼˮô𣿡
֪֮Уˮģջ
ԽԽӿӱ߹ۿⳡ˼ĴһʱǺ滹׷
ǵϣ±ͶǽеɱʱץԺ͹
תͷȥԺ䵽˽УǵĻӶ²ˣҲ·ӣΪ˻òеıؽˡ
׷ݴ˹ձץ²ս¸ݡ
߰ɣӣȥǽӪڶԺ͵
ԺͲȴҲ޿κΣǰָԾյҵʣΪʲôˮҲ
Ϊˮ͡ڻص
ԺͲ죬ûںˮеȼôҪͲŹ
ڿɻ󣬵Ӹǰסڴ˵صİصĴͩ͡
Щͩͱں޺ӵʱűȡʱ÷зΪһ׮̸ԭҲţ£ܶԴ˵ͩ͵ô
ͩصĵصӪʲԶǰͩڳȽӪˣȻӡ
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ãá￬˻Ƶòӣ԰ֽϸЦ⣬ȫԺѵһ
ڼ˳㣬ʮһӪʿҲֻʣ¼ˣܼˣԱͷ
ҪޣжѪᣬٹ⡣￬
ʣʮˣ󳯽֣
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ϻʮһӪЩʿؾȥתǵļˣǣǵĶҽӢۣʲôûõ￬ӴͷһϻС
ͷɬͣʮһӪ˶ǱӵӪǵļǱȲеֵܣֻᴳ԰ǶԶԶģ۲Ϊ
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ڴʮһӪ˳￬ͷ￬ǶʦҲ֮飬սڴˣǾͬĶһա
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ڣ˵ʮľӪֻӣ·ץӣҾȫʤģûлشʡ
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ǹɼҵӣʡ
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һӣвŻӣеĵݵξҪԭˡ
˶ʣģ
ǻողϨȥˣˮƺӡ
ڱȭؽڼʱϲоЩ̸ӼǰһϿڼǰ˴дͩصİսͩͲľ˵ջ۵ģ˴ĵ¾ͩͣ˵ˮ֣ЩͩˣصİվͰˣЩͩȴ浽ڡ
˳¥󣬼̫ǿƳǳ֮£ҲȥҲһʤ˭֪ǽڵͩͣⳡ𡣡
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ڵҫ鹡
û˵ʲôȻĻݾʵڣûĹЩαظ֮ʱһݺøУʹͣ㿴ӦΣ
ѾͳӼźؾϣձյʥּ¾ô»ϵּΪáڵ
Ц޷˽һ飬͵ˡ
¾Ͷ˵һ˵ˡվȭһݵ
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ŵ޵һڹ˽Թ˵ء
ʺǲӦǾͻɱ˺ͶϣͶǵĵӣһڻıˣТ˳мӵĺӣѵĿڽ𣿡
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ʲ˵ҪһȥԳ񣿡
ϱΪǺͶͽǴĹǳӣԳȾ壬񲻻˵ʲôģԺͶҲʺ
ٵȥӿڣ޵ĶӣôΪ˾һȥ˺һӣ
˵˵ȥǲȺͶˡʺתȻˣǳ檾ԼȥȺͶ
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ȥ˽ʣڣ㿴ǲǱ̫᲻ŭ֮
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ڵ´ʹǰʱкϢˡ
ʻλԺͣ
룬п԰
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԰ҡͷʣû˱ƶǶԸģ״ҲΪ븸ʳȫһƬΪΪ֮ġ
һӶǸĬĬŵĻӣҪȥΪʣ־ͻʷĻᣬŹ
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ݽӹһһȥճǼ鱦
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ǩսЭ飬Լýӵʱ䣬ʹ߸ȥ
ˬڸݴԺǰȥӰӣӰ˲ˣȴֻһС۶ɺӣλһλӺ̴ӹ˺ӣݽӹݡ
ڿ˿ˣȻӣѾÿӵԸڶУֻ԰ǹŮݲߣûô֮λ
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԰粻лֻǲҪ˵ܾܵС
ˣΪһԶǵĹ͡ԺͰסļ
˵˼仰Ժ;͸СۣȻһ˻뿪˽
ݳ԰ȭӣҾڣؾ
á԰ݵͷ
Ҳűʦس԰ںһҲûͣʢȥ
˱߾ʹϹٵ·ƽ԰еȴδֺҹԽԶԽǳأȥ꣬Ӧþ衣ǧַ飬˵
ԭϢȥ˿
ӣҪҪ³͸͸ӵ̴ʡ
԰ҡҡͷҲȥ
̾Ϣһٳ
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԰ԥƬ̣ӹˮƿӣˣǻȥʢĸڣ˲ʮ꣬㿡ʣ䴩ſףȴһ֮Ժʱ˵Ǿ仰
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ҡҡͷԺҪҽԺʱ࣬ʲôҪĵطܿڣÿ
ҪͻȥΪʣ԰ҲԶҹһȥ磬¿ܰĵطᾡ
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һӳøôԾ, ￴̲סˣڳͶȥһ۾Ȼرȭĸףӻˡ
, ڶΪĺö, ǰ, ļѡ
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죬ȥڡн˽ӻظִæöȥ
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10һ
11ҽǸħ

ĶָϣеУ,еûУд鰮顣


1735

ܵ, ҲܲӦػƶĻ, ŵĺ˳
ʤǽ׿˵, ²ٱ䶯
׿ھܾģػƶһ
ʤͷû
ΪʲôܾػƶýûɻܾȢ, ѵǰϼ޸϶ƳȥԵʣ
һԵϵΪʲôȻǽ϶ãԲŲԸ䶯, ϶¡
϶ʲô, ҲҸˣػƶ߳ŭ, ſ
ʤŭ, , Լã
϶ãҵķ, Ͻؼңϣػƶûǣʤ
ϲ˼㣬, 𣿡
ҺҴ˵ʲô£죡ػƶŭ
ʤ͵, , ɩɩĸĳ˵ģ
ǶƫĹ϶, ԸңãԼȥ죬һܰɴ£ʱ˶Ҫңػƶݺݵ˵꣬תˡ
ʤ׷ǰһȥģؼҶˣ
ػƶѾܵûӰ
ʤøת
ү̫ˣ̫ˡĨᡣ
ʤȥͷһسͷ
ػƶ˺ԺĽʱ϶ʫ˵ЦǸˣ֣ߵŴŵˣ߹ȥʲô
ūŲ֪ȥʲôˡ˻ص
ػƶˣ϶һȥ˽ڣԽڲŲӦ䶯£קȭͷĹ϶һ¼ӣ֪ʲôֶԻˣ
Ȼ϶ȥҽڣҲܣͲţڼܲġ
Ҽ롣ڴӸӳͱһŮˡ
͹϶ֿ˼ԣԻûлȥ
ڿǰŮȻϳǹػƶˣװʶʣ˭ȥΪ£
ȥ˱֪Ҽ˵ˣҪ顣Ů
룬Уǰ·
Ůһ¥ֱ¥ϵż䣬ƿź롣
ڿһۣͷ档
ˡػƶ˽ӯӯЦ
ڼȻǹػƶĿģȴװ֪ǣ
ʶңǹؼҵŮڼеػƶܵ
Щȣ
ҡػƶ֣
ڸ֣һԶľ룬ʲôֱ˵Уһй
ȻˣҾֱ˵ˡػƶ㲻ӣЩû¶ЦºͣǰиҶ£ӱµ˽Ҵü޹ȥһֱԽңҲãӴˣŻǲҼȥңⱾҵĻ£Ϊã˵Ķ𣿡
ڿˣԭȢ˾߹ﲻ߹ޣҲ
˵ʲôػƶɫһ䣬קеӡ
ڵﲻٰ׷˼ˣǲȢģҪȢֻ߹һ
Ϊʲôǵճ϶ֻûѡһŮѡҡػƶ߳ŭʡ
ڵһЦʲôճҸͲ⣬ҽҪȢӣһݣҲҪӵݺͼӣһƾԼı£ٻ󡣡
ˣĵ㲻϶ҪҪңػƶ۾ʡ
ڸ˼ҿﶼ߹ΪͶúãͶĸĶ߹ͶĶΪݣ㲻߹

ϡﻩ
ߺ󣬹ػƶһŽżеĶ˸飬Ůȥݺݴһ٣ƹĺСȥȰҲöˣǹʤϢǰȥˣˡ
ˣصؼңʤָŹػƶŭ
ػƶķڲ¥ˤɿ壬·ҲͰͣһΪʢŭŤһ˫۾ҲȫԹ޺Ͷ񶾣ȥ͸һһ
ûǷˣұǱƷˣһƫĹ϶ҲǹؼҵĵŮ϶ֻһСˣǡ
ž
ʤһƹȥ˹ػƶ
һȥػƶͣˡ
Խ񻰣˽Уֲ¥ײڲԣһپ죬ֱһоøҹؼҵ涼㶪ˡʤָȻŭ˼¡
ˣ񼲣δ⴫Ⱦ̽ׯﲡûҵ̤ׯӰ벽
ǣӣǰȥػƶ
ػƶŴлعŵĿŹʤ磬Ҫ͵ׯȥҿ׵ãôôģ
йŮһȥׯӵľҲ̧ͷˣԺڷҲûλܳЦһ֪ܲٴׯӻȥׯӣȥ
ʤڸֻᴳˣʲôϴߣ
һҲٿˡ
Ӧǣǰץסػƶߡ
ػƶƴҲȥׯӣҲȥҲҪȥ
ɲ㣬ߣʤѵĻ֣ڻӲӬһ
ǿнػƶ˳ȥݳȥ
ػƶһ·ڣȴǱ͵ׯӣһ䷿䣬ôôֶû˸ţڵϣſ޺ǹؼҵĵŮǸҹңǳԲ˶ߣңҪؼҡ
϶֪ػƶȥׯӣ𾪣ʫ˵ػƶҲȥ˽ڣ˲¥ԹػƶһҲͬ飬Ӧܴ˳ͷ
нػƶֲ¥µɲ෹Ц˵ãʤҲ±ʥϳ𣬻ٺʤ޼˹ػƶػƶׯһµĶӣһӶסׯϡ
Ը˹飬Ϊһϲ
úں͹϶ˣΪϲ
Žο˾ˣΪϲ
ҵϲһһ˷ϲ£ЦǺǵģ˿Ŷ˲١
ֻּûãҾͷһŵ顣
գŻգеӺﶼۼڽеԺȦȦԺ⣬һֻӬҲɲȥ
ָϣŵǴ˺ҵĶӣүһҪΪȥĺֻع
븮磬ϻû븮Ӻǵýг谮ʱ۶Ǻ˸ĶĪûˣʱĹûлʲôекһһ£лɣһֱû֤ݣôȥˣҵ֤ݡ
ĶӣǰɰĺӣˣվŹϡ
үǵĶӣո¾ͱ˸ˣүҪΪūҲ޺
ӣ˽ҹǺӿſˣ֪ôģԽԽݣ˾ûˡ
һֱ֣ΪʲôôõĺӺö˶˵ľûˣΪԼûãĸûã˭֪Ȼ˶֣
Ҳָϣҵĸһ˫ǰõĺӣ꣬ˣֹɰүÿÿȥǣǶѵõĸóТʱίҲСҵıң˵ѹأᱣġҵĶʲôֻǸӰΪʲôǰ񶾵ĳɱ֣
ЫôСĺӶµֱ֣磬ǲҪҲҪΪֻع
żλĿߣһ֤֤ʣϰڷŵ֤֣ŭɶĿϣŭʣΪʲôҪô
һͻң֪ܳϣҲɵϡ
ֻҪҧϣԻ
϶һĻӽŵ䵽ͷ˿ˣ̫ˣ˺֮£
ڰס֣ʾ¡
ֱһְֻסů˳ȫ϶еĿֻŶʱɢ٣мĿɷһۣͬʱ뵽ɷȻϵƤ³ˣ֪ʲô
۲ѣסɷ

н֤˦ϣ֤֤ȫ㾹ȻϣѵҪҰ㽻̲ȥźſϳϣ
ʲôҲûЩ֮ԻΪûҵ¡ϵ֤ҵۣˮһ˺󼸲֤һأָŽڵݲӣôͣ
Ϊ֪ݲӣһ̵ֱ¶ֵƽӹ޲ţТмӣЩĸ踺أеһ˵ˣ￴Ŷӣ۵ҪΪݲӣҵҲĴ䣬һĲŻԶڶ֮ϰ
ͷһԭĴԭקסȭͷݲøһȭĶ
ŭҪ٣Ҫ͹پ죡
㲻ҪλˣҲ˶ӵоôĶӣ۰С
˵Ҫĸ͵̲ȥżĿˣףܽĸ͵̲ȥһͣǽҵˡ
ǽҵ˻ˣָŵŭʡ
εǽҵĵӣҺͽһģһپ٣һ𣡡
㻹֪һپ٣һΪ鶼ȥˣŭ⡣
ίѣףĸ£û׺ιǨŭң
û𣿡ڷſ϶֣ǰóһֽչǶ֪Ǻ
ֻһۣ͵ıɫǰҪҲ֪Ǻ
Ȼ粻֪ǺΪҪڽһϸߣȽθ߳һͷһͶ˽֡
ǵģõǿοʱĿ
вң
ףĿڲûвԾ˽С
нӹһ˫һɣ־͸˽һƣ㲻Ҫˣ
ĸףĸ׺ʹ˾ģ޹أαһɿڵϣŵʲôˡ
ζ㡭ûϵô£׾ͽĸ׸ˣʧû˵ˡ
ĸסǰͶ˰ɣ˵һжΪ˶ٰһΣ
ֻĸе£һ߻ᣬϾǽҵĵӣ׿ڽҵķϲͱȥֻҪ˽½ǰ;ܱס
һССľ˶ѣλ׷ٿǣ¶ס
ϿŶӣһĸĶӣȻһҪΪ֪㲻ТûģΪôʲô
ĸףԺһ߶飬һΪ⣬Ⱦȶӣμ
һģϸɫĳˣģһжģζ޹أһһ˵ֻүŹζ
ҷŹζζдһⶼ㺦ģʲôʸңζĸ׼ֱıŭ
ϿŽУ˵ʲôʲôҲû˵
ջûб٣ȾΪɽȥׯӣûϾ͡ˣϵĴȥҪ˵ȥأ˺һͣá
󲻾ãнӱ˵ӡ
еﲢû飬ɱ֮ˣԸˣҲʲôֻ밲ȹ
ֹ˰ң岻ΪʵˣʵȰ˵޹ֻ
ţαߣû֪͵Ҷֻ˵ȥϷԺȥˡ
һ꣬϶µճӣ»ϲ֡
ǽһ׮ϲˡбŵճ˼ˡ
ô£ݲ࣬Ϊ޹һᣬ񼫺á
ԭȵĽĸҲЦǰǰһ׮ϲˣү⺢öãڶ
ûڶһҲǸгϢĺӡеͷ
˿̽϶ʲôͺ˵ȥ׼ǧҪίԸ
๫ģίԸҲӦǣ϶Ƥ
֣ԣ๫Ҳί
أ϶ʡ
Цĸڱţ֣Ҷ
ǵһӣǼġ϶Ц
ӵϱͻս£սͣ󾩾֧Ԯǰƽңʵ׼ˡ
Ϊ˧Ϊ˧ҲûеǰȥϷ֧Ԯ
ɸ㸸ȥˣģһƽġ϶Ŷһһߵ
ϴ˽Ļüͷչ϶˵öԣڶһƽġ
ĸס϶ź
ϰڰ֣ɣض񡣡
ϱ£԰̾˵ɣĵȴû١
һȥûһǻزģҪǾģЩҪõĽЩᣬ֣Ҳٺ˼롣ϵ
϶ͷĸ׷ģһɸҲ飬ĸҲҪ̫ģزźá
ţǶҪúñأڶٹЦ
һֱǵö˵ھ
Ϸս±ϴߵս»ҪϾ˰Բƽ˫ֲ£ս
磬ȥˣȥݾҪˡŴ
ѦСҲǰϵʪ̫أǾԲٴȥսûƽ͵ˡ
磬ҪȥյоӪΣ֮顣
Ŵͷһ£ɵΪоӪôյһǾͲ
ô죿ܲԴС֮ͷ
Žڣӣ𣿡
ߣڳ֡
˾񣬡磬
ڱ߳Ӫʱߵͷš
ôŴＤʡ
ںŷڣ˵⣬ǾһǺ⡣
ڵڡ
ڣ󿴿ҿԡ
ûнͣǰʮһӪЩȥũ߻ȵڲų
һգڶҹȥ˯ǴȥҲʲȻֻ˵ǹ֪ˣֻõſǺ«ʲôҩ
ʲôκ˧Ӫڣ󽫾ʡ
ص޶ǸԺĸ춼Ӫ˯
°ͣСӲʲôɣ
ҡͷӦòɣһëûˣӮһҲǳеġ
ҲԣЩҪʱ½Ͼʱ˵ؾκءɵ
ȥ
պ
үˣκѾŴˡ
ݻȻκʵˣ
үģ¾㱸ȵľκʵۡڴʱ˽ȭ
ʣ«﾿ʲôҩ
һ֪Ц
ڴǽϣŲԶѹѹһƬκһЦүͿðɡ
Կκ۾ûգСӴģʲô
κʵ׳սӲĿףŴĳŶȥûˣǶȫʱ򣬴ʱǣ޵ֵ֮³ǳ練ơ
ʮƺƵ̤ŵ棬죬ǵضɽҡ
˳ſڣκͣų¥ϵĽ죬Цһ˵ǣ
̧Ŵ׮ʿײųš
̧
κˡݱܵľҪسǡ
סүżҿĩġ
˵곯֣Ŵֹκһɱ
ϡɷֽżϽ
ŻܵʿϽκۻס
ȫܵ˻ȥûлܱģֻܰνĽ
ŴָŹ֣һҲûͣһһκȥκУصڵء
κ۾õ𵴣ɵĵͷȥȴʲôҲûΪԼĻþûᣬǣ
Ľܻ꣬ȴǧһܹ½ĳǳء
ǵκһһݼȥǰ취ǵļˡ
㹻ˡȴ
ݲ֪ʲôֵܵסκʮ
ûˣѾһûԷҪʱűƣκǺ޵ֿ֮
Ŵż죡
ûˡ
ŴʯͷľͷӵĶȥ˵ţԼϴŵӶȥ
ڼ״ǳ˳顣
ݸǵɴۣЩţǴսǹҼң
ûϵǣŴǴӾȻѼκȥһЩκ˲ùǣȥˡ
Ŵ
ģӣκˣһҪ
ʯͷľͷӣӵĶȥˡ
Ŵûˣ˰ɣ
ˡڶųƬһ޼ıѼζЦˡ
ô£Ϊʲô𵴣鷢˺üΣκȷǻþˡ
ҲˣǰȣһֱڻΡ
ʱһ̮γһضʿ˵ضضȫ࣬ŵԽԽ³ŵü
κۺɿȥһ
ͬʱ˷
̮ȫ࣬ȥʿҲˡ
κɫ䣬мˣ쳷
Ѿ̫ˣѾѣӿսȥһȱˤæʩչṦһŽһȥȵϡ
ǽ챻ֱ߽˵ضûһӾͳȥ
κҲ顣
ôݿʡ
ЦЩҴһֱڵصǽս˴룬Ȼ룬ֻҪﵽһͻ̮Щӿʿסֻ·һ
ϷκܶνأΪ˳˴֮֮ˡ
Щ㾹Ȼڵصݾò˼졣
ڵͷ
̴󣬵Ҳ࣬е˸ɻڵжκֲˡ
κʩչṦʿͷҪӣڶŴļأ
Ŵｫһֻݸ
ڴκ͵֡
һɳֱκۡ
κ춯ܵתͷȥһֻٶֱţľסӦ͵ǰؿڣסؿڳϵȥȻС
һ֮ˣκǻŵӴܣֻԽԽǳÿ죬ʱսͱһӣκʮһ֮
Ŀɿڴûһһ侹Ȼκʮκ۶ǰòڵı
κ󣬽ھʹŴֱɱȥκ񣬶̶һ¾ͱƽ˾ʦκ
ξ֪Ϣİкã¾ͷ˽Ϊ´󽫾
ڿؾξַΪϮºĸΪһƷھˣ޹ΪƷھˣһŷޡ
ŴѦС䡢֮Ҳ˽ͼҲ˸
ٷ⽫ŴصżʱŸ㿪ţżӭظŴﰺͦصĻ˸ĸھŵλǰصĸףΪھԺھˣԺ˭Ҳ۸
ŴļĸʵҪΪʲôĶӾͲΪھ
Ŵļ̵ҲģòǸֵģ̾硣
ڶĸ׵ȵˣȵˡңϱŷھʥּϲ
϶Ҳû뵽ôͱھ˵˵ˡ
˵ֵҲʵ˳ŵΪҫھ
ӢۡѾһĽ§Ÿ׵ȣͷЦ
һѱӣڼϣȥඣɶඣ
ЦһƮԺ
Ź϶֣ŸЦֻ棬¶ҸЦݡ
лҪ˵дˣ컹һºǣдԼǸĹ£ȻⱾľʹˣлһ·֧֣ϣĻܿϤӰ
ӵġϵͳ촩ղء

174

, 㻹иʲôǰ, ΪʲôҪҽķ, ǲ˵ġ΢æµĺѣżȰ
лһĸϵɷ, һ˵С΢ţҲ˭
ýܰ, ǰѽܵ׶ӵ𣿡΢˵
л̾Ϣ, С΢, ýܻ𣿱˵չ˽, õҽҩ, Ҷǲκϣˡ
еǮڽϣڳһۣҲһǮ, ıˣȰǣҪ̫ģƫ, ºˣһֻǡ
лû˵, ֻ̾Ϣ
վһԿһĻǾ, ˣصԭˣѵѾֵܹ, ˣ
һϵͳܰƤǲġ
ֻΪʲôûнԼ壿Ʈ棿
С΢㻹ʲôʱԽȥ𣿡лɷһʰһʡ
΢ʣÿݹˣ㻹ҪµĹ
һǮҲûˣڵƾҪˣҵöһݹСл˵
΢ֱȥǰѽڵǮûɵðǮ浽ܵ˻ҲдĽ֣ܵºˣһ£ܾͰӷ˳ǮҲ㣬ҽԺ̣ҪݹԲġ
ûµģܲۿл΢Ŵϵɷ˵
΢ɸ֣ںҲûʲôˣŵʱûô̱˻Ҫ㣬˸ɾ
⣬֡
ŵ˲Ǳˣ壬Ůӣ΢ӵͬѧܣ˵ĽĶӣֶӡ
òʱֶӽֻʮ꣬ɩ˼ޣܾ˽ңֶӹ¿꣬ǴΨһѪһԴˣ˴ѧ
ðȥֶͷʱ˳걻ϵͳ֮ԴӦϵͳȥҲΪֶӣ˭֪ӺͺѾȻ˵ֶºû
ܵģֶ׽ˣ˽ﻹֶ֣Ӳġ
ǳʵˣҲ˵ѣûˣֻйϵΪҪõһѣûҪ˵ѡ
ǿʲôᣬҲֶӳ鲻ֶӲҽҩҲΪиҪĵطҪǮ
˵ˣ߰ɣȥݹ׬һһ㡣л꽫źãȥ΢
΢±˵ˣ㻹ʲô㲻˯ˣ
أʮһٻ˯лһȥһ˵
΢ߣɵðˣǻ˶ٵ²ȢôõţƫƫϧΪֶٻأôͲǳأҪϣ˰ٻˡ
ȥ±ˣҲۿҪŬҪҵĺѾͰң˵ˡ
ˣҲǵù̯ɵðѣôܲ𣿡
С΢Ҿ֪ǵ춹ģлл㰡
Զȥʧﰲֻǵεεεš
кܸжӶûзչ˵üãӹεøɸɾ·Ҳ룬֪Ϊֻ˯Ǹˡ
ӽʱǸڵǰҲû룬ӵĹάӴûĸ˵ҵȥҹʱӻ˵óǰĻĸ˵׬Ǯ
׬Ǯˣ粡ˣְǮȫֶϣеĿԾڳҲûԹԡ
Ϊֶӣ˵ǲҪӣȻʧ黹Ŀ
Ϊֶ֤ӵӣдֶӵ֣ĸҲȫֶӵ˻
һ꣬أҪһѣȥֶǮٵȰ£˸ѾǮ˭֪õѵʱѾˡ
ΪĸӶ˹ϵĸ񶼺ӣ˵ТҲеĽᡣ
æҪȥֶӻؼңӼҹ࣬ûȥӹֶϰҲֶͣӳԲ߹˾ķˣֶȥ͡
ֶҹҹš
ûйܹ
ֶӵһδСһȴǵӵգǵӵϲãǵӵڡ
뵽Щն
ô񣬸ôУ֪ԼҲһ۲۵С
ͻȻűƿˣ˽ڵ˼תͷȥ˲Ǳˣ۰мӵֶӽܣϲֶⲻ
еֶ֪ӻ˵ʲôûվһԿš
ѾǶʮĴСӣø߸ߴ󣬴Ÿ۾˹ġ
ڿֿԼĶӳ˵οͳɾ͸УҪкӣҲһˡ
ܽòŸˣȻ˷۾ЩţߵǰŲϵˣ쿪˵С壬ɱңֻҲܰģѾֲˣҲûʲô壬ˣҲȥҪǮˡ
ʲô
ĻһƬ
׶ֶӾȻ
ʮ굽ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ĸĽ
ܽŵķ˷۾߹ȥҪεڵĺ֣ץסĲͷҪ°ΣͻȻĿڶܵĿȥŵ˾Ȼ۾
ŵ͵ɿ֣һƨ˵ϡ
Ҳû뵽ʱص̱꣬ͷЩӲջЩӦ۾Žܣûж
СܣôˣųЦȴɻ
֪ܲԼ׼£ѹеĻңվ˵ûû£С壬ˣҡ̫ˡ
ôˣҲǼǵȥͷôҽԺŶ˶
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