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Լλ١
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ľ£ҿ緭̡



ҵԤġ˫ӭרղѽ~

İ

ţ½һŮսɱξȹӢ˫

½ؾ󣬱ҪλߵŮȢйŮٻΪޡ

нʿΪŮƽֱһ죬Ǽλ߸ϵٻ

Ů벻ɣҴš

ڽʿɪɪ˵еĲٻǸһʮŮһˣвӣ̫ħˣ

Ķסϴ˵õ嶼ҡ

ٻ֪⣺߹޹ھһ˼主󻨡ϧǸˡ

ŮѦ¾ƣӢηͨ뽫йĽ顣źǳߡ

˷׷Ѻע½׻ѡ˭ֻѦ¾ƣѺߵġҶҪ

ͷ¹⣬ؿɰ룬ҡ

С糡ĳգٻɽ°ߣһ򲻶ԸĹŮҹﶼɽ°һһҹˣ÷ĶˣҿҲûҪȥˡ

֪ŮŶһһҹˣҲʵûҪȥˣӦѾɽկˡ
==================

 1 

ҪȥҶСҪˣڷҵĴ㲻ǲ֪׽㣬Ϊβ
ɤмϤãȻеӳ̧ͷȥ˵ߵѾߣġ
ֻǵӳĵġ
һӳʱԹӳԺһƬңʶԡ
˵̾˿еĶСϣΪ֮
뿪ˣӳҲһƬлָ
ܿע⵽ǰķ䲢Ĺ뷿Ҫªࡣ
һŴһһΡһֻӡһױ̨һЩ·ضǽǵЩⷿȫˡ
ױ̨ϵͭӳһɫˣһȹݣβƺſ޹ĺۣҼ
ӳȴһ
壬еӡ
ĳһϮ£ʻã㵹˶ɡʱйʤ¡ģ
ӳ룬֪һô¡
һռ塣
ԭⲻΣľһС

䣬ӳʶҲѹΣûа취κβٿءֻؿǸԳơԽߡ壬ΥԸ¡
Ӳ
ʵڲŷһС
ӳߵǰոտķµĶһֻǮһЩɢӺͼƱ
м࣬٣ӳԲࡣ
ڣһۼªķ䣬ȻЩӶھסªе˵һʾ޿
ӳĸո˵ĻĻƲ⣬ԼůҪġ
Ǹ굽ʲôÿ䵽ֵز
иҪġᵽůڷҵĴˣ
ʱ䵽׹˶á
ƿţһСԺСԺﻹӣһƺǳһŽʮŮſϴˡ
ˣλӳ
ǸŮ̧ͷһۣںصͷϴˣֻﲻͷ߶ţ˵Ҫʲô
һ£һꣿ
ŮֵؿһۣԪƽʮһ꣬ǲӻˣ
Ԫƽʮһꡭӳһ
ˣꡣ
ʮ굽ʮꡣ
Ӹ߸ϵĿסһԺﱻһ͸Ůǳ⡭
׷ʲô
ǡʣʲôط
ʲôطŮЦţȻչӵıԺ
չӣӳʶظһ顣
ࡣôɱ˵չӲ֪⼸겻֪˭׷չƨɺ棬ûûֵס˼ҵıԺŮЦһȻ̳㲻֪ܵŮҪҵŮ²Ҫȴϡ

ӳսȭͷֹסӿĴټէȻ˵Щֻʧʹޡ
Լİǰʧ̬
ο֮ҪĿǰ״
ٿڣ΢˿Ķߣʣ֪֪ãĶС㣬޸ʲôˣ
Ůȴٴ𻰣չ㣬Ҳǲü˭᲻֪ǲƽӣ
˵ţϴ˵ˮ̨һãӳܣˮմʪЬӺȹǡ
ŮԹԽ˳
ӳվԭأоһ󳹹ǵĺ⡣
 
פԶݣֻһӺŮھСƴ˶֪ʵĶŮھмʵ˼
̫ŮΪɣ˽ĴӴŮ뾩顣
ʱӳҪһ˫һͬ
꣬ܵŰ꣬ůҲֻʮ꣬һ棬һԸ˳ġ
Ǿ뾩ģһ·Ͷ˽ǡ
ʱȨ󲢲ΰ⼸ӵĺӷ
ӳʵڴϻۣû±ֵ̫Ļģ˿ʥְѵھסĸۡ͸⼸ӡ
̫ʥϵ̬ת䣬ҼھеĵλˮǴߣ˸۸ǡ
ӳ㣬ȻǱ˰ûȥĿġ
һǲٷȥˣůлء
ů̫˳ۣӳھ˵ĵطھǼˡʱڷңӳ޳Īչ˲
̫ǰھǣůݶΪɣͼ˵̫ůݡ
˽ʱ䣬̫ڱĥɶЩѾͬůݵ˼
ʱǸռ塭
Ϊʲôƾʲô
ǽĸܵܣϻʵļ̳ˣҲǽ̫ɵˡ
£̫ôױֺõģ
Ĺ裬ִ꣬ڼ䲻֪˶˼ȴһɵػȥ
ãվûܻݣھǼˡĵ˵ůڷҵĴҲ̫á
Ϊ֮һŬʲô壿

͸Ůˣ˷˸̳Ժɵվţûذһ
ӳʶؽӹһеķˣ̺ںûʲôˮĳˣһֻͷ
ע⵽ӳŮ˵Ӿô࣬㰮Բԡ
ŮҪϾ㲻ᣬ˲ӸǣЩǮӳܡ󣬳ĴͱѰ챦̫ˣʣµģҲ㹻ھǹһݵ
ЩӡȥĶˣӳȻϣλǰĵܵã
͸Ů˼ţҸոտߵѾˣǲǸǮˣ˵ÿõӾȫչʲôã㼸ĵԸһ¥ҲԸ㣿Ҫ˵óӸңһܸ»ʳ
˵ʲôӳѾȥˡ
ĻǼʱӳһ롣
ԭݴӣûůǱ͸һչӡİˡ
ӳĶһɺ⣬ĵܵûӣôȥģ
ûӣû˱ǡ
᲻ԭůæˣΪȻָģҪ취ܵṩһӻ
ɳ޷ֵظһң۵ůۼʱʲôѡأ                        
лҪ˵ҵԤġ˫ӭרղѽ~
İ
ţ½һŮսɱξȹӢ˫
½ؾ󣬱ҪλߵŮȢйŮٻΪޡ
нʿΪŮƽֱһ죬Ǽλ߸ϵٻ
Ů벻ɣҴš
ڽʿɪɪ˵еĲٻǸһʮŮһˣвӣ̫ħˣ
Ķסϴ˵õ嶼ҡ
ٻ֪⣺߹޹ھһ˼主󻨡ϧǸˡ
ŮѦ¾ƣӢηͨ뽫йĽ顣źǳߡ
˷׷Ѻע½׻ѡ˭ֻѦ¾ƣѺߵġҶҪ
ͷ¹⣬ؿɰ룬ҡ
С糡ĳգٻɽ°ߣһ򲻶ԸĹŮҹﶼɽ°һһҹˣ÷ĶˣҿҲûҪȥˡ
֪ŮŶһһҹˣҲʵûҪȥˣӦѾɽկˡ

 2 

ӳǰŮ˵ੲݡ
͸΢΢£ǰͬס꣬ǵһμն·һ
ʶԹԸϡ
˷䣬ӳոտǮһƱֱƵ͸ǰ
һһҵģ͸ЩţλӼΪأÿӣ󲿷ֶչӣʣµԼЩ·֬һֶ᲻ø
͸չӹչӳģλȻʮֲġ
ԺǮչǮһÿȼӡܳʲô÷ˣ
͸ӳмԹӲ̫á
һʼȰҪܰǮչӣЩǮԼ㡣
ÿ£Էؿ˵仹Ҫᣬ·۸һ㡣
ö֮ҲԸٹܡ
һҪӳЩǮԷ;ҪıƲһӺ΢ֵǮȫ
꣬ӿʼԴͬ飬λԻ·ڵģ˷
ûӳֳһƱǰشҼ⣬Ҳġ
úã˵͸æشӦ
꣬Ϸʲô֪ȫңҪϸţ͸ɻſҪ˵Щʲôӳֹ̧һ£ʶ⣬شҾˡ
ã͸ҪڵʣǾʹϲչӿʼ˵𣿡
Ҳ֪ӳΪǰֻ֪סԺʼ¡
㣬ҵȻ֪ˣ⼸¶˭֪˵ţӳڣջƱȥҸʣʼ㵱һϲչӣչϲ¥ӣ㴦ģӵĴ´磬չӵע⡭
͸֪ģһһ
ģһ¥ŮӣѼҲȫչӣչΪ֮жס˱ԺŲԸƵģϳҲһֱû
δס˵ʱӳë˲
˵˹Ů棬ѾΪ˾еЦ
˵ѼҲչӺû£õһǮʱ͸ʳǮǽ˵º˼ůģᣬƭ˹
˵ǮҲûãת͸չӣƬᡣ
˵һֱůҪӣȥ֡

֣һ㡣
Ʊ͸뿪һڲܿƵشӳϹ䡣
ԼƬ̺ᡣ
Լᶨ֮ˣˣҪʰǰ̯ӡ
ӳʼҷ䣬ո͸˵ΪչϲλϲŰɫҲģ£ѴЩ޵·ζˡ
ӳһңȻκﶼЩɫλǽǶѵҲЩǳɫ
ڣײҵԼҪҵĶһͭƵƣǸ겻֪ʲôּ˼Ǯ
׼ţ͸ֹƲƲû˵
ͻȻЩּȥչǰױˡ
 
Ҫȥĵطλھֵļġ
ٲ죬һ·ϿߵĽ־뿴⼸꾩Ƿʲôı䡣
·һֵʱͣ˽Ų
Ϥعڵأδعӡ
Ȼǰף̫ġ֤Լǵľĵĳɷڣȷʵ
֪Ϊûкݺ˵ġ
뵽֣첽ߵعĴǰŻ
ŷţ¶Ĳͷı飺Ǹ˵߲𣿽ôִˣ
ӳһʱ֪ΪǰعĴβߵţ
ŷҲû𻰣Űɣȥˡ
ӳãȻһ˲ˣѵͨ
Ƭ̺󣬿ˣ׹ˣеĵȻعӣߵСˡ
ī⣿Сӳǰġ
ī⿴һۣûʲô飬ֻݹһǮǮͿ߰ɡ
ӳӣڸ𣿡
ԣӦóƺΪүīⲻޱ飬ҲΪ䵭
ӳ͵̧ͷϹˣ
ī˱飬Ƿ̣ⶼǵˣҲԣϹͷ˹ʱ򣬿æźյء
Ҳ
Ϲͷ˳׹ʱ򣬹ΪδӣȴߡϹͷ˵Ůһ㣬ȴǵɥûμӡ
ӳʶʧȥ꣬վЩûء
ǿæɥ£ڳʱȥʱʲôīⶢʧȥ˸ոյĵȷŭյĻǰ£Գ㻹ǵ˵ʲô𣿲ǵûϵΪҸŹӣ˵һһֶӡ
ӳһīⲽƣѹӱһĲֵ˵Ȳյһëտ֮㣬عƴڻ鲻Ǳ˵ϹˣһëͷСӸŲʲô֪ͷ˸գ˴Ÿոʧȥĸôοأ
ЦǣٴʱԶ㱧ڴֻǮģΪʲôѴһӣأתͷȫλչӣī˵ţӴ֮󣬹ԸţҪͨұΪ㲻ƤˣƤ֮Ȼū󵽵ģǮڸſڿޣعĵط𣿡
īѪӳɫ𽥱ò԰ףڸܵһ˿⣺ԣشոյ⣬ڸڣҲ
Ǯӳ£Ǯɡ
ת뿪عĴعϡ
ӳʵЩԼʣȻûеܼһЦ
ԭվ˰ΣīڵϵֻǮĻңǮϵĳǮ˴ŵŻϡ
ЩعҶΡŸۡһԳ
Ȼתᶨ뿪ˡ
ûע⵽־ͷһӰע

 3 

̩¥Ǿ󼸼¥֮һӳĿĵؾ
һţŮǰк
Ҫҹӳʾеơ
Ů鿴ƣң˲裬Ժ
Ƭ̣һΪԻͷɸβŮƿ˽
ӳɫδ䣬лһ˿ɫ
ᡭӳг֡
Ϊ£
ӳ̾˿ʱھǱύѣǸһֱãǣ
ᣬҡ
üŮʵϡ棬Ͼϴμ棬м̼֮Ůʶ
ӳЦᣬСѣһЩ£
ţ˼֣ʦΪħ
£ӳ⵹ȷʵóġ
͵йĶʶѣʦħǷйأӳġ
߽ϸϸ۲ӳϵı飬߲ܣӡ
Ƭ̺ӯڽޣݺݱסӳӭ
һֱӳȴΪһ仰ѹŵҪ
 
ʼɣ˵㡯ˣҪӵ£ƽͣ㣬Ӧ֪ƾеƣڶ̩¥Ҫƽ𶼲¡
ӳСཻұƣƲԵĸҲԩۿҪնĸܴ˴һ
ӳ֪󣬻ظ˸߲鰸ุһףóӰҶȹѹأҳΪһ˽һƣִߣʱѰҰ
Ƹ˳Ů
꣬ûļ䣬Ҳ֪ƵôȻ뵽̩¥ӡ
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ʲôܰģӳ˵ľǾò˼飬İռӳ겻£Ͽʵ
ʮӡ
ͷСһ׮
Уӳ˱ۣҵѾߣѩɫ
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ӳѩɫʲôõĵطֻĸѾߣǵãǡ޷ԭǸռꡣ
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ᣬлл㡣ӳ֣صл
ѩɫĿǰһױ¥£ھȥż
ӳ룺úãͲҪˣһҪ龫ǵӡ
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лл
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ӳӺãô綼󣬵úһ޴ƫҪѧС׻Ĵ磬ûĳЩʡ
ӳţȥµĳ̡εꡢ֬ӻһȦѺŻ·Σָױݡ
ֱָǰģؿӳ㡣
ӳһӵ˸
˽ոӳԹ·֬ȥͬСԺӳǸСԺӡ
ӳȥݷ˲ƽ
ŷȻҲʶعǰ㲻ͷֻﲻɲصϷţС˶ˣôøƯ
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ӳһ㿪֣ûʲôô࣬ĻΪС¶ŭȻǣҺôʥ׷Ŀʰһŷ練Ƶġ
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ÿζίѣһŻ˵Ҫ߲ٷˣȻľͲҷˡö֮ŷ֪ǰ˾ǸӣҲϰߣÿμҪ͡
ΣȴͻȻ㲻Ӳвһ£ŷЩӦλԸ/ĿͻȻתӲɣ
ŷ߳ŭ볰䣬ʲôȥø״Ǻλٷ˿һλûУѾ߶ܸɫ
ӳȴͻȻӣҪڵĻ˻ȥ
ٷߵĿģͷˡӳƵϿŷǾ¶˶
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֮һʶؾתȥˣ߳ʶЩԾ
ӳΪܳĻӵŮҲϻʵ谮Ůʢ֮£ܳĻӣҲǺĵʵۣͿ
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ӳվϰ߾λߣòֻĺðƻִſĿȻȫͬ
ŷȻ֪Щȥ˿ġ
˵ӳˣüһ壬ǸոôѵӲ
ԶСĴҲʵòǮˡ
ӳھΪЦ֮ӵλҲһǧɣԶݣСûܸů
ټϵæ޽ʱӶûӣֵǮİ輸ˣҲֻǿӣƽ˶мֿʱʱԸ䡣
ůӱֻģδɻʱԺһС檣ʾˣּӳΪҪӵ˼ΣأѾС˶Ҹٷɫ
ůÿںֻʮӵͺСһķСϷ˽Ȼͬ
ӳÿҪǮů޷ֻ˽µһЩޣǺÿ·λƥԼȴԽԽӣϷߵѾߴĶǿЩҲƲ
ȰҪٹӳůʱԼչˣǺݲġ
ӳˣһͷۣ´С֣С£ȥЩӵġ
˼ȻˣĲֻܲϣ˳ȰȥҪ¶ˡ
߳ţˣȴ
һֱ·һӳͻȻ˸ӣ㱼䣬ΪԼ˵緢ĳ
ܿ˦˦ͷԼѣʲôװ磬ܹҪӵġ
ģЩůˡӳ˵ĻȴԤƵЩͬ
ѵǸıˣԼһѣԾ衣
ӳȻóĵľ裬Ц£ǮͳƱ˹ȥʮӣҽů
ĺݺסƱȷǻʵĶ̩¥ƱȻôһǮĲš
̧ͷӳ㡭ʲô
ģЩллչůӳļ磬תһ仰룬ֻ֪һܸʲôۣĶػԸ


 4 

˵䣬ӳת׼뿪
ȴĲסˣǺ⣿
ӳһЦ⣺ӣǵ㻨ʲô·ΣʲôʲôﻹСãЩҵã˿ȥ
ľԼӦûһ䣬Լڶ˿ͣô˵á
ӳļᶨȴֻޣ޳⼸ڲƽܵί
ӳίһ䣺ںίңů㣬ҲҪ֪ͨң𣿡
áѹѹԼʵʲô㣿
㣿ӳһ䣬Ҳȥݻݻλչˡ
ƽʶ·ӿŭ
ӳķŭռȻشչҲŹ
˵Ųڳһ߽̬ȴؽһŮӵǮҪλչӵǺˡ
οŪģôռģ᲻ٻ
ͷΨһִ֮ˡչӡ
ʱɫСԺĶ΢ů
±仯̫࣬иԴȴһ
 
һ죬ʼһŶľƣ
ʱڴϣȴ˯⡣
ĦСϵعɰǰһ㣬ɫޣûɫļ
⵹ӳм־ȣȻ͸У˵չӵģû

ӳȻţԼòҲԷƱ
̾ҿڽǻͨ˼ңǻסݡ
һֱ٣㹻ߣǵڶ˵
Զӻ취̫ĳ谮øոմûõȨһʧ
ٺӳعӶףҲϨ˼
䣬˱ӻ£ΰȻȹģ
ȻޱԼȻڱһŷͣ
չȻģοĿǰҲԶΪṩ
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ǡ˭
ӳԺлܿҡҡͷ˦뷨
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ҹ˾ʱ֣ǿѹµĿ־ίƺʧȥưðͷơϾмʧȥʶ꣬Ҳʮꡣ
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һΣǱλ̳˵Ľû˳ǻ»ʱݣһμʶů
ڶΣȻھڹ
ΣһΡ
ͨһһεĲۣΡ
ǰΣܴúܺãһΣҲ⡣
˯ţӳɴԼҵʼϸϸĶ뿴ܲҵʲô
ױ̨ѷˣʱĿǽߵĹӡ
򿪹ţǼӴ£ַ˷ر֮
ֱײ㣬ӳѱקע⵽ӵײЩ͹ƽһ
һ顣
ⱾеװЩͬװʽӳδġ
ҲǻڣĻһεˣΧǼʸŮΧ
Ƥϻм֣ϮŮҡ
ʲô߰ģӳü뵽֮ڰȻ֮ߵߣ˵о׼жһ
һҳտ֣֮һ
īλչӵȫտ֮
˼֣׼ϸϸĶⱾ顣
һͶ˵ڶϡ
ﲿ֣뵱µֲ̫һһЩ½ڣҪ²Щֵ˼ٶȱЩ
֮һѾµò࣬ӿٶȡ
ˣⱾ飬Ҳǵڶ峿ˡ
ڶһҳӳӡ
ⱾֽĻ鶼Χźӵտ֮ϮοϹα˹飬δƲˡ
տ֮ΪλʹֶΣԼм͸¶Ĺ۵㣬ӳȲʡ
ʱص㣬ڴˡ
ˡѣʶˣȫд⻰
Һܶķչ⻰һ޶
ı䶯žӳľ
ķףַһдż֡
񣺳Ϊñտ֮ӡ̵Ůˣɷʽ
ӳ̲ס˼£ꡮıǴӡ
ﻹŷֽֽд֡ӳֱֽ滹мС֡
1ʵǰһʹɽ壬ʵԴ
2ʹ󣬽Ŵ߽ݣصͬһ磬
3ÿֻʹΡ
ߣӳĬһİĴʻ㣬ֽתƵϡ
Σӳע⵽֣ǰţ˵λߡ뿪ܿܲΪʹ
ûȥ뿪ԭصڣԭһ飬λ߻пܻ
Ҳãӳ䣬лᣬʴߣΪʲôҪģ
ܴĦߵһ˼Ȼ֪տ֮ɻڴǾ֮ǰƴֺӼ΢ʱΪһУܱΪرŮˣʹ˴
ǡġ
Ȼ飬Ӧ֪տ֮Ǹı֮ˣַʽжʵ̫޴
ӳЦһɰɣұ֤Ϊӡ̵Ůˡ
־壬ӡ


 5 

ɫӳֻϢ˲һʱʱȻ־
ⱾǽһЩɻ󣬱Ϊʲôʶĵܵãʶȴʶᡣ
ӳȻйһīϾտ֮Ů֮һīʵޡ
ⲿֻǸտ֮;ǣΪŮӳļнΪϸҲڴˣ˼˺δ˼ʹϵвδἰ
ΪǽΪ¥֮һеἰ̩¥ֻһʴδἰ˵֣ûἰӳĽ顣
߶е˽⣬Ȿ顣
ӳ΢΢۾˼ʱϰ߶٩Ӻһֻè䡣
뵽̾˿
絽ǲһ飬⣬ľİʵޱȵġ
˼ԭ͸ʱͣһ⽣Ƥڴһҧȥ㡣
ͣ㲻̫ʢζ̳˼ֱ֮
ӳضͷ͸ʱüЦոӺ̬ȴ䣬ϸóóաϾӳ˵࣬͸ԣƽʱһ궼׬Ŀ
ӳùţسˡ
͸סСԺܼ޿䣬żȻõչӵļ´ʱżչգʱ㾫ģһʱҲֹ䣬뿪ˡ
ӳֱĽۡϴ͸ҼӾס󣬱Ϊ
ÿţŷһ£μ
ϾǴݸˣԵӳ衢ֶͨӡ̣⼸ٶԷҲĨȥһӦǾء
񡣡
ŷӦҲһʱ֪˵ʲôãֻӳһ桪ǴΡƭ˽Ϣ˿ӱļӡ
ʥּ빬һͬѧסڹҲˣѹեʲôôûٳֹ
ɽ͸ѩ𣿡
ڣæӦţūȥˡ
һ˹òƣһ֪һԶֵܡ
ӳɫӣһ
Ҫǰһæӳżɽ
˽ضһۡ
ӳЦôԸ⣿
ֻҪǶԸΪǡɽ͸ѩʱؽ֣ǵʱ׵ӳģǴظ˸ǲ˽˶գҲܿѧɡȥݣΪ˱·
ӳǼľ֮ġ
ô֣أӳ΢ůǶмҰᶫѡ
ᶫҪ𣿡
ӳҲĬһ˲Ǳ˵Ķ
ӳˣƺƵտ֮סĵط
˵һողμӹǣûȵŰûһְٰסĸۡӳӡ
ӳǵһμլӣüլӵȻȲϽۡѾʮֺˣտ֮ˡôӣԼլۡװε㾫£ȴֻ򷢡סһСԺ
ҲᴩߵԻ·ⶼ̵£տ֮İΪƤҲδ̫Щɣ
ӳͿţһŷšûտ֮һŹҲѧСԱһԼŪ˸ŷ
ŷҲϡ棬Ҳôкֻ˲ʾȥ
ӳҲƽϣֱ˹ȥŷҪţһע⵽һ
⡭Ҫʲô
û˸ӳ
ӳտ֮ӭ˳ûˣʲôʱأ
տ֮ȷʵúãϴʱӳ˵ʱ۽üҾᣬҲѹŮӻΪݡ
̬ʵڲӳ֮ġӳ׷տ֮߶ٴɫԾܾΣӳƤ̫ȻϷ
ֲãӳǹһ˿ЦߵҲûɵһֱͣһӡ
տ֮ǿƭء
ĨЦǿտ֮ĪɤӣӳôˣЩô£
տ֮ӳĲɽ˿εض˸ۡ
տ֮üӳˣҲ̫ò˰ɣ
ҵ˺õĺܣò㡣տ֮ŹҲͰˣһһӳӳüĹе𣿡
ӳ˿ûӡ
ǱУտ֮λ·൱ҪһǸ׼ƣɱ˽
տ֮ݺסӦ죬ŭЦӳǳԴˣ˵ģֻϧһЩ
²ңϾǰǰҲûֹСӣĴβǱغã
仰ûõҪķӦӳ·˵࣬űࡣ
տ֮⿴ϰһϡ
ӳô˿أˣСˡЩԹӳιҪúһʱ䡣
ǺܾûʹСˣӳЦѵʹһΣҪ˲ǣɣ˵ǲǣ
Цˣտ֮ΪתҪڣȴӳɽѩȥլûֵǮĶסÿӶҪม
ǣɽѩǾȥտ֮ҶɣʱһһĶ־
տ֮æȥǣӲһûס
߷תӳҪʲôûֹ𣿡
ΪѾӳԵģʱһŭӳ͸οǣԭر˰죬ӳҲûյźšȤؿһŭſڡ
齴ʵڼªһЩӳ޹״ҲıԴö˺ɣ
տ֮ҭһʱ˵뷴һѾǶôûϰߣʼʱȥ
Ŷտ֮ĺ⣬ɽٶȼ죬¾ͰصüεļҲ˳
һ£жʮƱһЩտ֮ӳǮ֮Щסլ̵ȡ
ӳȤģеһ
ӵģտ֮ϻһ˿֮ɫ
ӳȻע⵽ĽţҲŵԭ򡪡Ȼӳʲôġ
ĵģŻ˲˼Ӿʹϡ
տ֮ҰģôܵΪһ¥Ůӣȥܾʥ׷ĳ
ֻһƻȳĺô
ҪǰǴδ˵տ֮ˣӼҲòˣⲻеСԺڳɽһסһʱ䡣
һգ󳤹㣬տ֮͵˴󳤹գ˹ΪʱʧŮϣŮϡ
տ֮ʱŰǰգͬһеȥ¥ʶ
ʱ¥λӵģĺθڣ࿴˼ۡ
ʱ󳤹ĳ༫ΪƣҲԵϡ
տ֮˼
ʱƵӵǮûУοء
ǡʱ˯ͷ֮ŮͻȻʼʾá
ݸ߹òտ֮¿ϲƮƮȻһʱ䣬ǲ硣

 6 


տ֮ͳദһʱ䣬ϲطûʲôӡ
ѸʹֶΣݣٶ룬ڳ
ǰ󲻹һ¡
֮տ֮޵رԹĿദ˵񣬿ھСԺӣΪ´δǱûӣһ֮Ѱ
ԷȻóҪΪǣƾ˼ΣԸӡ
õһӺ̾ȥ¥ӣ̽Сʱ¡
֮̽£ȷƾǴ󳤹Ů
տ֮пϲ㣬Ʋǣ͸͵Ĵ󳤹ԣƱСʱĹ£ȥð䡣
ǳǰơ
ʱģԶðҪյĶ࣬·Ѿǰ;һƬ
󳤹ǽϵĹĸλͳȻ޵·ƱȨڳ
뿴ŮΪٺôĹ;һ·̹;
ôҪǻжĳʵЩ
һ¥Ůһһ⣬ΪܾһλҲھдġ
Ȼʱ˿Ҳ˻ЦɵҲвŮҳר顣οһ£󳤹ϻŮŮһһѵĴм
ΪˣûλҪ֪Ǽ־¡ӳ֪
Ϊ˴ǰ;վסˣοӳѾ֮ƳټгҲ١
һ߶С⣬һߺŵųȻҪ壬ϾĽǮֽ׶βܻȱġ
ʹֶ̽γĵߣصĳ̶˶ЩȻǸɵΪȻһӶá
̬䵭ֻڶԷӵʱС⣬ȻԷͿʼͣӸҪӲ
ΪԼƮƮȻ
һ߻δȨƣһųӺġտ֮ǼҸꡣ
ҸۿҪǰˡ
ӳƵ
ôɣ⿴Ժ߹ĸᵽɤۡÿӳ֧ƣԻƱӳ۸ʵӳƵò󳤹ϵ
⼸꣬һֱƹҪŲŲ˼룬Ҳڽϱʲôϳǰƻļƻ
ΣȥӵļѵƵķ䣬ʸ
ӳտ֮һţûͷҲµӹˣ˶տ֮һﲻӹϵôˣ˼أ
λεˣǱ⻰Ųһ٣տ֮һؿڡ
Ҳп԰ǰ˺һأá
κƲ֪ôģ̬䣬ȫûеĸм㣬ʲôСŮӴӴΪţ֮ģ͸ûˡ
ȻҪƵˣֻȸˣٺǰֽ˺Ƭ
ƻעҪˡ
ߣӽӣһ۱㿴վŵǸŮӣһ£ָʹ
ǡŮҲͷߺͬʱһ㶡
ƶ㣿

տ֮ȻѾķչˣãȻ֮Ѳš
¶˵򵥣ǰӳ뾩ǻżȻһڴŮˣΧھһֲֵӣӳһʲ֪ǸͽǷծҪŮӣӲͬ⣬˱㶯֡
ӳ껹ǱȽеģ¾͸ŮһӣŮ뿪
ʱǶԶĸŮӳǧлΪŮȷʵúãĪм죬ӳһֱǵĳࡣ
˭Ҳû뵽ټʱֳϡ
ƶô㣬ǡӳδ˼
̾˿ĸһңס˲һ£Ҹţ˵ԼѾаҲѾˣҪȥúùӡĸһʱĻ
û˵ȥӳҲµ˺¡ŵģһͽĳŵ
ԣһʱĬȻԡ
տ֮ʱȴҪ֣ƶѹˣҪΪ㸸ףҲңǲǣ
ӳһ˼񣬾˵ˮƽô˵ôŮϲģ
Ѳˣֵܵù˼糾᣿
лӴƴӦˡ
ҿʲôտ֮סƵ֣ʵ̼̼ӳģ˭첻հء
ţ͵ӳı飬뿴ûԤеѹ
ӳտ̵֮ı飬һʱҭһﵽʲôزȻƵķܡ
⼸ˣӳ̾Ҫһˡ
Ҫ˵տ֮ͦǶģ緢ƾǴ󳤹ŮȴҴŲ˵úֻŹٵ󳤹ԸЯʥҲδػΪǽٽسһܳô˻ʥϸְλ˽󻯡ǽꡣ
䣬һֱʩߵ̬ơ
Ҳÿд괺Ǿͻϰ񣬲Ȼ꣬Ҳ֪Ҫܶ˼Ů֮ࡣ
տ֮һϣǰôûӳôˣһתǰʲôͳҪΪƶ
ɫãȻһ˲
ӳʱδݣʱ֪Էտ֮ǸһֱƤĳ
ӳµõʱľȣ˵ͷһ񣬲ֶտ֮ˣûΪƶҪΪѵ㡣
տֱ֮ҭһ£죬˵ʲôӳȴѾٴֻתѵôˣ
ؿˡѩش𣬷ֵǮģҲЩƱ͵
ɽȴЩ⣺ҿЩڼҲֵЩӡ
ӳ˳ȥţڼŻУߣǼƿҲ߰ߣǽǸͼҲߡ
״ص˼տ֮һ۵Ѫ֮ЩڼֻװλΪʱȽ档ʱӳر𶾣ļģβۡ
ӳֵ֣ˣͲˡ
ɽտ֮޵ʱַԵҿľҲֵǮ
տ֮òȥסɽ졣
ΰȽ鷳տ֮ոɿӳɴ˰ɡ
ϡɽŵ㲻ε˷ܿңӳ̲סЦˣһֵǮĶҲտ֮
ӳЦ̼տ֮ɫŤˣδ̫
ûŪĻЩζҵģӳһۣȷʶżҵԼĶأ㻹ͦԼ¶ġ
տ֮һֱҭɤ

 7 

㡭Ͳұ٣տ֮вʵѹû㣬Ͼӳһ廹ܻ˹پ˺ˡ
˵
˭֪տ֮ҵӣҪپ;ȥҵҪٸ᲻ѾȥĲָҲϡ
տ֮ƻˣֻܰοԼЩ֮ʱӳҪزԼŵơ
ţͼӳһֻ֣ô벻һ뿪
̧ͷһ˲䣬Ʊų⻪ַŽӳŵʣǼᶨ롣
տ֮
Ѿò˵ˣǰɫŤ죬ֻڡ
ƶõҲǱӣӳտ֮ôʲô𣿡
ɽŵӣ·տ֮Ҫɡ
տ֮۲ɽļ⣬ȥתƣƶʲôദ꣬˵߾ߣһ㲻ǵĸ𣿡
һ񣺡л֮ȥѾ
տ֮ҧߣҶƭˣӳһֱң㵽֪ôĥ㣡
ٱһ϶˺ãһ˼ҵţӳ˳ְݸƣŰɣţȫԼ
ƺԲĲӹк˵ˮ⣺л
һԵտ֮δģǰƾ˵ŸлҲδ۵ףΪƾӣҲδ룬û뵽Ҳ¶ģ
ڣ֪ǰϷ˺ãϵڣӳ˴ˡ
ʧǣɫŤ
ӳһˣνǮķš
߳ʱӳǣ۵С֣ͷһ˲ƾʧտ֮õײϵĲ
һֶβΣǰսʱӳߵϲ·ߡֺ̫󣬴Ůģʥж֮ŮݣþŮֶۡ
ڵ·ʱ˵һ·ҲΣοʵҲˣν̫谮ŮۣǶôɿĶ
ΪһŻѪŮǵʥϵĬݣôô˸ҽ
ڵôˬô
ɽ˰ŶӳסСԺһһº󣬲ɽԺü㡭ҪҪ
ʱˣӳͣѾ˰סˡ
ɽͷٶȰʲôԸ
ʮûȥӳʾ⣬һָﻨãһֻЩСģ´γظʱڹܻҪ˵ĵط
ɽԼһ֣³˼ӳʱϣģҲȱӡ
⼸ӣȥ֪ͨԺһˣٿΡӯǿӳԸⲻãͰתⲻͰ⼸ŵ˱ůȥҲٵޡ
ɽһһӦ£ȥ
Щ뿪͸æӳɫЩ᣺ǰģչӵĶɣ
ÿȥտ֮ӣҲעеװΡ
ԺҵˣģҺչѾ˹ʶ
⡭չͬˣ͸Щš
ûУžԼˡӳտ֮Ť飬ЦŵͬͬҲҪ
͸
һʣλµĹʲôˣ
ӡ
͸Ŷ˶ˣ
ֹģӳЦЦҰЩóȥ˰ɡ
͸ΪӳЩ˼ˣЩ㶼Ҫˣ
տ֮ǱƷζҿ۾ۣӳֻƿ£ֻƿӾ͵ȷˡ
͸˲ĹչӣϲصӦˡ
ʱƿڵ԰ҽЩҲȥ𣿡ָǵϵƴӦӳ뿪ǲҪκ˷ԸͼԾȥķεˣտ֮һɫŤɽΪҪз磬ϣضһ󣬷ƽһʧ뿪ˡ
ãӳͷȿµġ
ҡҡͷտ֮ĶҶ
á
͸ҲԾ״ԼҺɷͶæѶȥ̡
ֵǮǸͼ㵱ǧӣ༸Ҳǧ࣬ƿҲа˰
֪ƿֵǮȴҲû뵽ֵ˰ӣһʱЦúϲ£졣
̰̲ס̰һЩ
ȴ͸סˡ
Ϊ⣺֮ǰһֱ˵Ӳ̫Ƕõ㣬Ҳδػᷢ֡
ǰܸо˲٣͸˵ţ˵ˣ׬һǧˣúźţ˵иࡣ̰ȥˣȺ¶Ļң
˰ѾˣġһɷҲǻ
룬Ҳôͷġ
 
͸ʱӳڷ˵
ϲػɡӳЦЦ
л
ӳڰ֣ҿˣƶƣ
ǽƶɣĸƶ̫ͨŸҸĳơ
ʱ͸˷šǰⲻ˳ۣķҲһžͽӳӺʦͨѧܡ
ź͸Ʊ͵̵ĵƱӳǰϡ
ӳͷˡ
಻࣬Ժ¾ܷԸ͸ǰ˰Ʊʮɫ˳䣬˳ִ˷š
ӳַ˷ƱЩڼϻͼ˽ƵһЩСܹŵ˲һǧӣвտ֮ڼʮ֮һ
ӳ¶տ֮һӣ˼ҶأȴӶ᲻û
ƿƱҲµӳʲôտ֮˵ϲ̫ʵŮˣϣҼһ㣬ԡ
ǰѿݵúסտ֮޳ٴˢӳ֪ޡ
Ʊ仰Цˣտ֮⼸겻ͣһЩƵĹһѴ˵ͷͷǵȴӳһƣǿż˽
ȻΪǰڳһӦƶֵӣȴһեȡӳӣ
ӳЩƱơ
֮ƶûƶЦЦΣѾˡ
ȻһЦԶûտ֮ǰ䡣
ӳҲһ΢Ц֮£ˡ
ʵ꿴ƶʱе죬ʱûкʹ󳤹ϵ
󳤹֮Ůʧʱӳףûμ䣬´ֲûƽǴ󳤹죬ӳǿǱ֪
ǱУӳûжտ֮ô׷ȻҲû͹ӡУǮտ֮ƴգЩֶβŪġ
᲻ƶǰ뿪չЩ飿ͻȻʡ
տ֮Ϧദ翴͸νֻڿУǸαˣصԼ档
뿪úԥϣԼĶԼ
ӳҡҡͷȣѾ֪տ֮ǸεˣοһֱƣƺϦദҲ翴ν鶼Ǽٵġ
ӳûжǱ飬֪տ֮ĿģûнӴտ֮ˣ֪ҲҲơ
Ͼ磬տ֮Լ󣬾Ϊ׷󶼿ӡ
θж˾вŮӡ룬һΪ¥ֵطִ飬㻹
տ֮ôģƺԥѡ뿪ʱ˶ˡ
İǣ޺޵һڡ
ѾȲ֪´ȥ۵Ķ⽫кˡ


 8 

˵˲ƾʧտ֮ǱνƱǧָɽʣһ㰲ο˵ӳߡ
֪ԼĶˣտ֮λҪϵĳһֱЩӡ
ʱӳ̸䣬Щ
տ֮úǲ٣ӳ̸¼俴ſɲûʲôӵСŮᵥΪһſվߵ
οӳԼͳһžնžӣûɫĵֿ
ƱϾ֪ʶȤҲûʳ

ӳԥ´ǣѡʵ档˵ú󳤹£˵󳤹һŮ¡
˶סˡ
ӳȥϢ
տ֮Ҳ֪£ͻȻʲô͵̧ͷӳĿƣʹСʱ£ҸСʱĸģʱֳһ֡ѹֲסĿϲ
ӳ֪˵ʲôãտ֮ܳ£һ뿿һ뿿Ůˡ
Ϊεúܺãܿһֱڹ۲ңƼ˵ͷ¶棬ҳţÿпŵʱҲܻ֧ңԻΪ˱ңڿ
˿ò󣬽ʹ󳤹ϵĹ͡ӳӻ
ʵˣƿЦ¥Ƕʱ䣬ͷ¶棬ҲûܰһͼļӺʹ󳤹ϵһ𡣡
Ҳǽڲ֪󳤹ʧһŮšӳ뵽˽ҲЩ̾ϢЩ֪
ⲻܹ㣬㵱ңһֱĴмϣտ֮ͬңǴĿĵġοҲֻǴɣҲδǴ󳤹µŮ
ǼҪԲ֪ӳҲһʱѾܶˣȺúϢɡ
ӳıʲôȻҲȥף˵
Ƹмصͷ
ӳʱСԺ˼ʲôӣЦЦΪϷţ͸䡣׼ţЩҪ졣
ӳÿعĴţŷû˵ʲôֻȥī
ī⿴üϴûǮߣڷ𣿡
ҲǮģӳͣʣЩ꣬Ҵӹ˶ӣ
˷Ҳû׼
ӳͷһҲҶ˵Ǹ
ֻ಻٣īӹƱ˻Щ
ӳҲӦֻһ䡰ͷˡת뿪
īԭվţͷ˿Ʊ̧ͷŷһۣ˾ǳĬɫ졣
ī⣬ʲôոŵ˭һεŮ
С㣬īЦݣѸٰƱ£Уոŵģǹүһλѡ
 
뿪ӳڽĿĵйţһ˼δƺͳ֮¡
Уտ֮ӣƴǰ
ҲǳĴʺ񣬲һɽһ˻ҪǷɽͣŸտ֮ᡣ
⽫Ƶò¶ڳ֮£ù֮ʣǰһϷ롣
ϻƣعʱտ֮ǰС⣬ּ˽촺ǣտ֮жĩβҲûǰ;ģҲûжǶӸ棬ֻǲ˻£ʽΪޡ
ʥǰտ֮˵˺ûʱտ֮һŮ֪ΪʥҲտ֮һǰ;ְλ
տ֮;֮·Ӵ˿ʼ˹ٺԶܲ檣ͬ͵ҲһŲա
⣬Ϊ;˲
ٺտ֮׼ɱΪʥĸ
Ϊĸس󣬳ԣſʼԼķ֮ǰͨŮǰϡ
ʱҲ޷ˡ
Ƶ뷨иûἰ
һдտ֮θα˹ˬģûж߻˾Ǻ뷨
ӳˣֻӶߵĽǶҲҲעⲻһ㡣
ǲϲտ֮ġ
гΪ£Ϊβĸ˵࣬ȴȻѡ޸տ֮أ
ûдӳֻƲ⡣
տ֮Լһ¥ŮӵŪǽ֪Դ˵飬ӳȴһΪУƷ˱Ŀġ
󳤹ŮȻҲտָ֮мһõĹ;ҲټһʲƸǴлˡ
ֻһֱߣŻӾľΪһ·㡣
տ֮ԼŪ˾֪Ҳıľһ㡣
˵Ƶ뷨󳤹ϻصŮȴǸ¥Ůӡûᵽ󳤹Ϊʲô£ӳ²⣬Ҳտ֮ȷû
£ȻһĴͬ飬ģָָƵģԴ󳤹ġ
£տ֮ȥƹһЩܾ£۶׷ָ֦ͷ㲻飬ָ󳤹տ֮ƶɢһԧ졭
ҲƲô󳤹ܵǣͬ޸տ֮
²⣬ȴҲ޷֤ӳҲٶ룬ֻŽֻš
һͣ˲ԶһҾ¥ǰŮŴӦöǳٻ˼ҡ
ʱһע⵽ӳ༸ˡ
һ
ǵݣӳһ֣ͷλء                        
лҪ˵ղ~

 9 

Ůӳһ
һЩȣƺ˵ʲôȴһȹӵĹסˡ
˵ʲôƽԽݡȹӵ
ӳɿЦλȹ½죬λְͽֺá
̬ȣǴһʱһʱˡ
ӳ⡣
߲ȵͣҲ԰ˡ
½ȻĿЦüʲô̬ȣôΪ㻹Ǹ߸ϵĳ𣿡
𣿱ô֪ҵĿźʱݶˣ
㡭ǿʶ½һתҪȥҷɺ¥ţҪҪһ
ӳӦ½춯ŵڿڣˣѲָߵ¥˰ɣ
߶ĿӵҪӵ£Ѿ˾֪ˡ
ӳ˿δŭ½ƵСֶΣʮǰֻ̾˿ϣҿʲôԲ£
½£ɫЩڣűɣǰ㲻֪ܣȫ復йŮ棬ȻҲҵ档
ԭˡӳͷȥǿʶ
ʲô˼½Щ顣
ֻȷһ£ӳЦЦȻûжԲĵطҾͲˡ
½Լǰ׵ְǡ
ǻ˵пŴҲϾĳܶŮﰵﳰЦ
һΣ·ӳȥΧ
Դˣһֱӳڣӳ̫ϲ̬ҲάΣָָ˾еϣ뵽רŰ˽֡
御
ƣӳҲ⣬Ϊ½Ϊˡ
һ䣬ȷϴǷж½ʲô
ȻûУҲûҪ½ˡ
ʱֵ̫ɽյӳϣĵü续
ʱһЦ˵㳰ζҲö˿ۡ
½첻Ծò㣬ӦʱԽգ̲סҪڳԡ
Աһȹӹס죬ƽˡ
ǣ񲻹һŵңҪ޽ģƽʲô
߹ΣԺȻȲˡ
Ůߴߴ½ڵǰʱգĸ˹٣ָһźףǸ˰ͽĽɫ
°ƳӳһۣڼŮĴӵ½˾¥
ӳ̧ͷһ½СѲ𡱵ĸߵ¥ʲôӡ
Һ΢΢
ԭҾ¥Ϥϰ֮һзֺ֡
սʱӳһЩԼЩ¥ռЩϢҲƻеһ
Ҿ¥һңտҵʱһ˵¥һλŮף㿪ʼ˥ȴ½ӳѲĸߵ¥ˡ
뵽˴ӳš
½ƹ˵ʲôӳű˸ţƹģɿˣλǲһģСı˳˰ʳ
󣬲ٿ˵߶ȥƹҲ̧ͷȥӳһ£漴һڵЦ⣺þûˣҼҹû߶أϧղڣȻٲҪ³ˡ
³ƾҲ䣿½²ˬ˼¥ĴԹԶճ뻯ٿɺ¥ΪһƷգٹٻ˼ҽʱȥ
ò⣬ΪԹĻԹѾ³ˣ½˼Σܾˡ
ոӳǰ½ںƹ£ƹͷҡ÷·˹һ㣬ӳˣƹ̱̬ȣ˵λ붼벻Թ³
½ƹģڿûӣ飬˷һϣдЩ͡
ƹüһۣתͷӳ̬ȹʵλŵҪҪȥ
½༸ŮƹһŪסˡ
ˣӳЦӯӯصǿͣ׬һӣ׻ܶһֺ졣
㡭㡭½졮㡯ŷӦӳȻǴ˼ϰ壬뵽ոڿѲ𡱡ɫ˺졣
ʱʱ䣬һ¥˲ٿˣĿⲨתһʱ˽˷Ц½УܾЩ˶ڳЦ
ԱһȹӵŮȰˣ߰ɣ˾ͲԹˣ˵ĳӲҲ𣿡
㶮ʲô½һ˦ȹӵ֣ҪҵĻȱġ
ȹӱ˦˸ûȤƲƲ죬װʲôأ˭֪㼸ǰսʱʲôأ̨׻£Ҫȥſ
ӳȻûȥעЩСֻǶƹ˵ţλþͺá
ã롣ƹҲ½һˣӳ¥
վס½ѿڶںֲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôۿӳƹȫ¥鼱֮º˵عҪȢˣ                        
лҪ˵ҲǣûУϹ˵

 10 

ҪȢˣӳŲ΢١
½ӳע⣬ΪԼץʹ㣬ʱ˵عѩѰ㺣Тһɻ顣
˵꣬½͵ſӳķӦӳʧ̬
½ûõķӦЩȤʾӻκȹӸձ½ǺʱˣվԶԶġ༸ŮҲûİʾ
½˰һȺȴֻԼǲ֪Ǻ˰ɣعıãҪ˵÷ģ˴ء
ӳüɫЦЦ
Ȼ֪ѩ˭ȥݷعʱû١żλѩĵⶼдˣӳܿλС㡱ϲ
ѩ֮ĸĸ׵ã֮䲢ܣԷŮŰݷãعҲþܾ
ѩһһĸеܣعҲС⣬Ҳѹˡ
ѩܵӳǰһڿָعֻǸƷŮ
ӳʱæдһ񵥣һĴڣҪλԹͲ͡ʲôͶ٣ȫнЩ˵Ҫ׽Щ˵ҪʾãҪòۼҼӽһ꣬һ۾ǣݲðòΪ
˵ѩӳû
ѩӳǰĭɵرһʱ䣬ӳһĥһ鲢ïԹˡ
һѩˣͣ£ӳдõĺһ񵥵ݸһߵĹ£ֽ˼仰
ѩӵҪ֮ӳתͷһۣ˹ƣлⳡϷݣ˳ߵѾߴѩӡ
ѩÿܳұһ״Ҳ֪ôģӴѩûӳǰ
ٴ֣ȴһﾳӳһʱЩ㱡
˵ģôš
ѩˣ̫ͣӳǵֶΣ˵ˣߵСīⶼһ
ӳУӳԼۡ
ȻûӳӡǰδǻۼƷλǱȽϳڵģȢҲѩ
ԣüͲٴ½졣
½̲ӣǰǸ߸ϵĳСӲˣôǳһң˻
ҧҧֽµôţҲԣȻδˣ˵λչӣҲô㰡˼ء
ϢҲ̫ͺˡտ֮Ѿûˡ
½û仰ֻǼ˵ǺѿˣɱԻͷݰŶҲã˿¸ûлͷݿɳˣ˼عѾҪȢˡ
Ļδ䣬֨ѽһ¥һżű򿪣һʵβ֪ҪȢˣ
ӳ͵̧ͷһλӳڽ֮ϣӶʮͣȥ󡢷׿Ȼ
Ҳͷζ
ӡ

˶ӣһٱһɫ˫㱼䣬·ʱⶼڣǻǰǰģ
ûĨȥǵʱɵĹ֡
ջĿ⡣
ӳҲӦΪҪ¥˲׼ͨ
ĬΣһʱż߳һӣõ٩˵ү˻ûҪߣ
ӳ
ΪǸպţ׼뿪ײ½£·
ʵո½͵ģ
̧ͷ
ƺʶߣֿڵûҪȢõ˼¹ŮλҴҥԡ
˵꣬תż䣬ֻһıӰûɫ֧֧Ǹ½һۡ
ӳͦεıӰֻһ뷨ҵ۹ǲ
̾˿߰ߣ֮һ۹⣬Ҳڱһտ֮Ƴ
ӳû׷ȥīתһǸ⣬ˣǸȴ˵ڡ֮һ䱧Ǹ˽ģ
ѵϸӳЦþû𣿡
ӳǰ֪ĺѣûж⣬һ΢ЦҺܺá
꣬ίҲֻܻһ䡰Һܺá                        
лҪ˵ΪԼΧգǼװպҪ뿪ǿΪά
˵ˣ

 11 

ƹĳô˼϶С½һȥ
ոնعֳˣû룬½Ҳٶ
عȨƣ˵½ֻǽҪƽƽˣҲδҵ
½ɫףȴǿӳ뿴عԼ
ӳֻǵһۣǰҾ˵ɫʵڲô㡣
½ɨȴĪú߸ܵһ
ϣ½ɫһһ飬ӳҲٸһƹָ½һż䡣
żܺãһžʳǵո½켸ɤܾոɤ֮
ƹӳòʽӳ⼸ľ
ӳԷɺԹཻδ͸¶ԼʵݣƹҲ֪ǰ˿ǸѾΪЦĳ
ӳЦЦлĹġ
ƹСȥȡһӣӳԿ״򿪺ӣӦõķֺ죬һֱûȡҼҹһֱš
ӳ̾ʥϰİ׮ûаЩϣûЩ̼ȥͷֺ죬ֻÿһʱȡ
ӳʧ⼸꣬һֱЩµѩɫҲˣЩֺԴ̼
ӳɺڣȫ뵽Լ״׼Щֺÿȼʱ͵ůٲĵܵΪǮš
˭뵽ᷢأ
ɺ¥һĺãӳùͣһݴơ
Ժӣһڵķ䣬ͿС°Ͳ֪ڷʲô
ȥƤƣҲǸʮŮѡ
ôŵӳˣʧȥ꣬Ҳʮꡣ
ˣӳڵƹЦůʲô
ллƽӹ󳤹¡ҲҲŮǣԸ𣿱Ͼҡ
һģӳɫ¥ĴۺʱҪԷƱ
ǡԿη
Եȷηӳɫ˾͹㲻ǰ
ģͻȻʣйĴʮ֡ƺôӰӡ
Ϊ״̫⣬⵽ԶôҪˡ
Ҫ̫࣬ûʲôںˡ
⻰ܸ˵ӳѡƹһ뼦ԣֻںʱη㲻ںԾֻԶѣ㹻ǿʱԡ
ЩãȻ˼
ӳٸӣ㿴ʥϣ˸˵Լֵܵλ
ʵЩ治δܽܵˣ˻ȥ
ƹһƺͦеʵ˼Ⲣûʲôôļӳתƻ⣬ӷɺ¥ľ²ͺһһ򿪣ζ˲Ƶע⣬پڸոյ⡣
ùͺӳ׼һ֮¡
ұƶһܵļƻӳѪŨˮĸŮ֮䣬ҲҪôơµô죬Ҫ˼
ƵͷҲôģ󳤹ҵĸףҲƵֶҡ㲻ǣҲһʧȥӵĸ¡
Ƶĵ¸Ȼտ֮ϲ٣ӳͷãǾֱӵŰݷá
վӳһ񣺡лΪı
ҿӳЦԺҲҪһء
ڶһ硣
ƽŵһҹû˯ã𴲺󣬳˷žͿӳȻԷҹϢüã󳤹֮¸û
ӳȾҲԷЩ
ӳǰԸ͸Ӷһʱͣڵǡ
˴ͣķʻȥ
˹ӳŷ˰
ʱŮٱ˽š
ڻ˰ʱ䣬˽Ų󳤹δ˵кܾûǹˡ
Ż£һװŮӽţŮòһһ˵ƣһ֪ǽﳤġ
ΪȵãҲΨһͬĸãҲȷʵǹнġŮʧò⣬һҲûԹʲôĿͷʱʮȥҲʮͷģ
μ󳤹¡ӳһ
ˡ󳤹صͷָߣôСӳ֪ʶȤ֪ϲϣÿֻƴ󳤹¡ĳЩ׽Сһһ̡š
һϲλ֮ǰ˵ΪһԸʶ䣬ЩΪӳ̾ʱٴμӳЩȣ֪ʶȤС٣ֳʱ䲻ǹţпܺҿĵһտ²
ô󳤹¿ԭӦ֮ݣճݷãһ¡ӳ˵ţ˿¶ơ
󳤹һۿȥ˴

 12 

󳤹һ˲䣬Ʊ֪ⶨԼĸס
˵ĸŮ֮ĸӦȴʵʵڵġ
󳤹ˣʱ¶еʧ̬飺𣿡
ƻػ󳤹ߵǰָŸ
ƴظ֡
ǰ֣·㣬ʱԸѡ֡
˺ʱ󳤹ʧ̬ģʱ۹۱Ǳǹһﲻ
ֻд󳤹õŮٷ¡
˵󳤹侲ЩƵļ磺úӣҡ
֪󳤹Ҫ鿴̥ǡ
·ʧǼ꣬Ҳû˶˼ͼŮðģ׷˼⡢鿴̥Ǻһһ¶š
󳤹Щʹºֳ˼Žû˸Żˮˡ
ô꣬ʵ粻⺢һϣˣʱƣȻȷʵòƣδΣ֮£ѪԵϵòƵ˵Ҳرټ
ԣոռ̬һ侲¡
Һ󣬷˿ӳһۣλľ˾ÿξۻʱЦϣȻҲһ
ƹʧɢŮˣǷͲסįҪ󳤹·أ
ˣôˣʧɢŮǴ󳤹ΨһۣŮǣôôСҲᱻ
Щ󳤹ױ棬ƫֵλȻܶԼ벻ʶƵȻҪš
˴ʱϰʹȻҲӳ
ӳ˿ģŹ̥ǵĹƷ˹Ĳ͵ġ
⸱Ȼ̬֮˵Ǹ߿һۣķɻװģСС򣬵ǵȷмܷĿܡ
˽һʱˣȴ
̥ǻôã¶мˣӳȻǸģִԼ˱衣
һһĸɡźÿǿΪ֮ȴ·һȻ̾£ĹŮŮӣҲֻ˵󳤹Ҳǰλˡ
ģŮҲŮˡǴҵлϣŮһһëЩŮСؿģûӳȻǵʥϵļλҲӳĹ
ҲȻǼλʱϻǸܳĻӡ
ӳСǧ谮ȻԽһʱ䡣
ͬ󳤹ȴûӳĻֶΣ𵱳λսʱЩֶΣ̾˿ǵҲֶΣγ
뵽ǰĳȴӳĴ̫ʢ÷˸ոյһۿʱ⽫봫ǸΪ˰鲻桢Ůϵ
˶ӳһʱ䣬ԼǰǸӡ󽥽գһָѸС
棬ǸյʲôˣóߵȵǣԳĻֶΣģûòµӣôͻ쵽Ҫȥһҵĵز
ʱ󳤹߳ǣƵ֡
˶Թʮ˽⣬һͿոտ޹һҲ˲øոյ뷨£
ǱŮ󳤹նصƽ·㡣
һԾ
󳤹ߵӳǰ֪л㣬󣬱вӦ
һĲǼƽˡ
󳤹ΣŻˣůͳǱա
л󳤹¡
֪ʱȻŮ𻰣ӳʶȤǡ
ģ·϶Ѷƣ·˵ˡ
ӳ߳ţ׼ȥ̩¥ᡣ
ڽϣǲĴҴңעˣżӹﺬһĨޣҲδפ㣬ǼǰС
ӳ΢Ц߸Ψһôžʲôʥ϶˼ˡ
ǸݰҪ˷ˡ
ո뷨ӳ͸еһ߽ϣĿϣûɵһ󷴸С
ӳϲɫţֻǽƫƧķ
ǵһֱò࿴۵ˡȻҲʥģڵ̽Ӳôء
ӳսһƧСʱǵߵˡ
ŲӳŲæػͷһӣʮӣһУͷ棬űӵܡ
ⲻǳ𣿡϶һЦ˵ĵطżɰ
ǰӳҲЦλӸ֣żɲɵú𣿡
˵Цˣ㱻ʶƸһ£ҲңĽѾãһ˷󡣡
˵ţӱȥӳһܡ
ӾϲܻӭģصЦţģһֵģȻޣ˱ӣҾ㡣
ñϣӳü
ʵ˶Ϊ㻹ǰĳ𣿡һڱصãڲһ˲ߢĽˡ
ӳ׵ýһ
˵˲岻ôã׿϶ˣʲôõĳ·𣿡Ӽ˵Ȱűӣĺģûûֵظһǿ
ǻлл̧ˣӳûȤÿ
ӺٺЦ𾴾ƲԳԷƣˣӾڰΣ
һ˸ģ
ģСԶԶĲҪغߣ麰Уģȥӳ˶ʲô
ӳ˳ץס˶Է̧һϥұ۶һȻһȭҹȥ
ӴҲǳɫЩ飬û¾ͱڵء
ģǿŮԷôӳе
ɫ֣ӳչæڵϲźˡ
ӳЦˣ̬ҪǿƵġ
ˣӳɤӺ
Ӳغߣ麰Уġ
㡭֪Ҹ˭ңŹģɫ
֪ӳָ˵Լ̫ѨдСԱǵĹϵȫ

ҲЩϢҪδٵĻҲһƷرΣӳЦЦ̫ʦҲһ˵öԲԣ﹫ӣ
Լ˵һ㲻ЩȻдŹһذɡ
㵹죬ӳһȭҹȥģҲôġǿŮСҴȡ
ӱ˹ȥ
ӳһϲһȭȷӵһԶԳƵĺȦ󣬲֣ӵ壬Ȼ뿪
֪ǣ뿪󣬳Сһתˣոռλѡ
λСҪӢ۾ѵ٩俴˸͸֡
ӳ뿪ķ˼Ĭ
ԭȤܾһѿ˵ΨһĵˣȻֻһܿЦ´ǰСٵ٩㵱Ǽɫ⡢ɫϣһ㷴ġ                        
лҪ˵ղѽ~

 13 

̩¥
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⻹ǵӳ⣬ոзųȥʱ򣬲ٿֵ˶ڳ⣬˭³һǮֻΪ˴ƷأضĻԼԺһ²
û뵽ǣһƳܵԹһº˭ûеСأԼԺӡ°Ҳδȫѣѵĵ
ǣ̩¥ÿλ˵ԿײͳһʽǶһ޶ģÿֻԿ͡ʣͬȫԴ󷽷Կ״ԼԿ״Уõκ˷Կڶ̩¥
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⵹ӳһʹ﷢ֵǱ顶ϮŮҡСĵش
źӳһ͹׾ĻͭԿף㽫ɰ
ת뾲ң˵Ѿڴ˵Ⱥ
ӳһŽ
Ǻ⣿ʡ
дţĳһٳֲԾָ㣬š
ϣԶûҪŵһ졣
ӳЦȻҲϣδѣò
˺Ѽ䣬տ֮ĸۡӵѾˣò˵ɵƯ
ллӳٱԵغ±
ҵǺ棬ӵǺεɫտ֮㡯ܾܾԵȻûôžһİ
ȷʵӳԼ̾˵ʽѪǲӳ󳤹ƼŮҸò绨
Ķûлһ£ӳһ۹ߣ˵òʱ˺ģУΪʲô뿪ģ
Ϊտ֮£Ƹ뿪ˣӳʮֱӣڵ󳤹ϣգӦþͻ˵Ϣˡ
˴󳤹ˡ
ӳ֮£Եϸϸ
ԽԽϼʹտ֮µУ˳̾һ䣺Ǿʷ׳ʡ
죿⼸ľѾͨ˼궼ġ
ӳԼ޷
һͨӳֱ뿪ǰԼҪĿġ
ᣬж̩¥ķֺ𣿡
ûСҡͷһɽˮ֮أǽݺݲŽչ̩¥δǱ߿ֺš
ǡǷȥһңӳѵЩԥ
ҷֺŵҲ£ȵȡע⵽ӳı飬ɫ˱䣬͵ӳ㲻ᡭ
µûֻůݣڲôˣһζܸ㲻ͷ­ŵաӳǱɱ½ڣҪһ㣬ҪһӵĴϢ;̩¥ϢĿǰ뵽÷
֪⾲ұԼѣȥſȷǷˡȻתڣֵĬ
ᣬҲΪ㣬㲻Ը͵ǽնԻδ
ûлش
ӳĵȴ˼
áԼһ³һ֡
ǽȫûˣỺοϺͽҾãȷ¡ǸûʵۣҲһԥ
ǣӳ˵ûҳڵĻҪҪ룿̩ںܺãûҪΪ˱͸ðա
ֻΪ˱ü۽üҾҰģ󣬸׽¥ҲΪسɵģ㶦ȻòһҶԡ
Ůһۣ˱˴еľġ
ֵһһֱû㣬ݺҸ׵ļˣҵˣڱ̫ʦҶԣҲǰԼ
ᣬӳԥſڣҡҲ֪ôл㡭
ǼɣǶĸл
ӳ֣ס
ҿҪȥһˣŰ»һºһ뾩ҲھʱҪӻֻ֣ȥҶ¡
ӳл׼뿪ȴֱסӳж
δ֮ȴȻӳ꣬ϻʵԽ̵Ƕʱ䣬ӳһɳʤʱЦſ佱ȻͻȻĬһ˲ŵӳжﱲ޵һж
仰δ˵꣬ЦЦǣ֣ȥɣŷĵġ
ʱգӳԶû֪Ǿδ֮﾿˵ʲôˡ

 14 


ûգ󳤹һʧɢŮһ£Ϊ˽ͷβ顣
ΪŮٰʢ磬㷢
Ҫ֪λ󳤹£̫֣е֮һٲμӣŪòֺ˶޴֡
˴һųϢв˱ܽӵһΪ١
ӳҲõһš
ΪҪ󣬴󳤹ûж⹫á
Ȼƽ·һ£󳤹ṫֻ˵Ů䣬һԶ
ֵ֣տ֮ȻҲ˵ˡ
ƻһýͷβ۸ʩѹһȥȰ˰ƺΪˣʣµΪӹ˼죬ɢۡ
û뵽ӳ֮죬ӹȻ/顢Ϸ塱ۻûɿǱ󳤹ѾϻŮ
տ֮ɫŤҧгݣİӳưһ顣
ҪôҲɵʱȥ˱¶Լ֪ȴ⣬ʲôô
ڴ󳤹żŮĹ£տ֮ǲŵġ
ôɵ£Ƹձӳߣûվż˴󳤹
¾ԸӳѲ˹ϵտ֮ĬĬһʡ
ڲͣӳ֮ʣŷ鷿ţ֧֧ӣſˣ˵˵լӵġ
տ֮üլӣʲôĪģ뿪
ӣԼȥɡ
տ֮·꣬ŵϹٺһҪʶȤЩŷһſȥ
һλӣŸСˡʱѾ߽ԺӲϴܣм֮ɫ
Ǻˣʲôտ֮·꣬Ҳܳ塣
˵լӹҪھլӣ͹ӽ͡
ŪˣûҪլӵ˼뿪ȻҪˡ
ŶҲլӵ˰ɣӴտ֮
˵˵ҾǴ˼ˣҹȥտ֮ϸװ磬ȷֻǸ֮ǾйԱ޸ؿڳԡ
ȴ¶ı飺լӵ˵˼иסŲߣڿֹŲߣͼլӵˣƤʵں񼫡
տ֮Ҫҹ
Ҫ㣬ҲŭˣլҾˣʱ䣬ڴ˴Ҿֱ˰ȥˡ
˵꣬ӱСתȥʣտ֮ɫŤվԭأ뷢Ҹڼ˿ûáϾӳһκʣµҲˡ
ֵػ鷿տֻ֮ǸŪ˼ҡֱ󣬱ɨسʱеķӳǰѴ˼䷿˵ġ
ȥСԺӳۣȴ˸գӳڣ֮ǰһֱ칤Ǯ͸Ҳһ̬ȣ
տ֮ӲСԺſڶ˼ʱŶ׵ϦŮ
Ϧ£Ůһ£ɫޣüĿ续·̬˵ζʦտ֮ʧһ˲
һʱ䣬Ϊɫտ֮Ҳ̬ȲҪôǿӲǰŮԻ⣬ȻôȻסСԺأ
ȻˣӳǶ׼Ҫϸߣסַȫװκúٰȥ
ܲסտ֮ԲһԸΪӳԶ֤ݡ뵽Ҳӳͻش󳤹ҲֻԶء
ʼŴʱӦðڳʲô̬Ĳ¡
ҸоãӳʱŲ˿δͣ٣ֱӽԺӣ˳ֹԺš
ͻȻ䣬ѾһΣտ֮ȻӦ
ţСԺȱͲʵľŴҡҡ׹
ʱԺſˣϧտ֮Ĳͬӭһֻӭȭͷ
տ֮ҡһ壬ôûڵأñģһ£һֱѪ
һ˲䣬ϰӳ͵ģ
С׻ͻһʱЩӦ
ãȻ䣬ͼӳ¶΢Ц֪չӴΪ£
տ֮ǵһμӳȱģ죬ûοᣬͼӳ͸ԺҪ˶ſڣаհ
֣͸Ӧǽһʹ죬ԺҾͻؼҺҼǿӺͶߡ
㡭ǡ
ӳһЩ˵ʱȴĪ־Ӹ֮С
ôչӣ˲ʧζΰ㿴Ǳ飬֪տ֮Ժλ˳Ȩ죬ӳҲ˿ûӭ˼һһʹ
ӳ֮ôмĸ飬ôңտ֮ǿӲѪıӣѡ
ӳҲ磬ֻǴһۣϵصչӣڳ̬Ҹ붯ˡ
Է˼̬ǿӲᱻҲᱻտ֮ҭһ£ֻظԷӳ㼱ŰլԺסأ
Ѿˣǽɽȥģû뵽ô죬ӳеСȣȻͬտ֮
ýӳ⣬ҺܿͰˣʱ԰
տ֮죬˵ŲסõСԺӣҲ֪⻰Ҫ
룬ڳһԴǵ̬ðűΣҲҪʸףӳʶôãΪ˵ͷһֶ
ӳ̯֣ұ棬̫ʣϲ̫ʵӣˣòʹ
˵˻տ֮Ŀɿڴ
Ķ԰ɣӳһ޹ϾһҲûʲôŵˣҲЩˡ
տ֮촽ʼˡ
ӳҲ˵ذŹˡ
տ֮ڨڨ뿪Ȼȥլ˺ЩֵӵĶߡ
߱߰οԼӳû취ֻΪӣøŮ˶ְˡ
Ȼ֪һֻ֣ᱻøҡ
ӳСǧ裬簮ޱȣ˶ʶֹ֡ӲҪ⣬ѧʲô͸ʦѧҲӲ
ļܵ÷ǳ֮ᣬҹ㼸˶Ůһϲͨǹһȴ
꾩иŮٳʱδԧ죬ȴѼӵЦ˵һЩģҪԼҹŮ˵ѼӣѼ岻
նѺŹŮѧѧŮͷͱˣҲĸ顣
װŭһͳɣʱֻ赶Ū޲ȥô죿
̵Ů㣬ּ̳Ļòֻޣûм޲ȥĵ
ø¶Цݣ٩ҿ׷Щж̫УһܴĶûУҲֲòޡ
ͷһ
ĸֳӳһᣬȻʵ˴ټ׼
ͷ˿Լ˫֣һ˫ָ֣˳֬˿ϰģ
⻹ĸ׵껨˴ǮõݸĹЧӳ겻ͷãмҲν
Ͼǰˡָ̫֣ʱ˿ûһ˫ὣ֡
ʱ룬Դ˺ҲûжĻˡ
ʱ꣬Ŷֽѵˣƺʲôѡ
ھѾܸҲȱ³Ұˡ
ʹⲻͦõ
ӳؾˡ

 15 

죬ӳɵٴż֮ǰСнѵ﹫ӣԷ˶ֻȦܺõȡӳ˸к﹫ӡ
Էȴɫһ䣬תͿ첽һͣŵжȽЩ㣬߿ܿмһȳһա
ӳ΢˫ۣЩɻȻвԷʹȣδʵʰôټȾѾһȳһˣ
֪ǣڶϳʱͶµرżɽ߶ԷռǿŮ
رʱ亹ˣؼҺͰѶѵһ١﹫һʼϣرӣɵģѵعû±ҥ
οԼĶر˽ģ֮ǰΪŮֳҲһΣÿζȥƨɡ
ǰССҲˣǿڵƽؾȻعǰѵǲˡ
һ֮£ر˼ҷҲӳλ﹫һȳһյԭ
﹫ǽһί˵ǿŮûɣͱŮڵأؼҺֱϵʹŹһ١
СǿŮǿĳ谡
飬ӳ֪ҲδϸԼºת뿪
صСԺʱȴջһݾϲ
СԺ룬վһλŮӣţӯӯ°ݣμ
ѩɫӳ첽ǰһӵ
ŮӻرסҶϰ˵ˣǸһˡ
ܻҺܿġ
˶ӣһоڲУѩɫˮ⡣
˴˶֪Է겻ףȴûжʣͼĬ
亮ѹѩɫ۵ؿӳʱ䣬źѾ߶ûУǿ˿ˡ
ӳοҲûã˵ôһҪѾźԼҲĺܺð
ͷѩɫ˵ô
ӳ򵥵ĵһǻġ
Һ㳤һҲܺÿ
ӳȻ֮⣬һ顣
ԼλѾʲôãԼǰƺ̫Ϊϡ
л䣬˽ӣѩɫ¿˿˵ҲסһСʱ䡣
˵ˣտ֮һ䣬š
ңҲδԭ򣬡ѩɫ˼ǰһ죬ʱһ䡮㲻ǲԽ𡯡
ԭˣµģӳ룬žߵԭʱ˶ֲܷԡ
Ϧദ֮£ңѩɫһƤңϾ̫ࡣ
ѵҡӳЦ
˵ⷽ棬̫࣬ѩɫ٩㣬ҪѴнϸϸɾڡ
ӳʼ磬˿Ϊܡ
ѩɫתĴ̣üƽôǵסʱõֻͨϸӡ
ʵϣӳֹ˱Ӵ涼ˣҪ׼ȥľˡ
ⷽ˵˵ӳûԩϾǽŮӳԼ͡Ե˿࣬ȴԸԿࡣ
ϣѩɫ˽ʲôʱȥ
ô֪Ҫ᣿ģ
ѩɫЦңôܳСԺӣƾЧʣڶլӶѡˡ
ӳҲЦˣи˽ҵߣȷʵкܴͬ
ѩɫ֮£ӳԼǰżϸϸ
عҪȢѩѩɫͣԼǶԶ׵ĵŵϢɡ
ҲôġѩȷʵĳµˡۿعТڣû׼ܿҪ̸ˣȰѴԷųȥ׼ЩȨ˼ҲԼŮ޸һСñáȥίĻ¡
ɲôѩɫۣõعܲ²
ӳͷ⵹ǣһˡ
ѩɫע⵽һͣ٣Ĭ˰Σʵعкδ㣿
Ҳ֪ӳ˵ʵšӦ˵Ȼԣ겻ָһӼ䣬Լļ䣬ͣǰŨ֮ʱ
Բǣܵıƭʵʵڵġ
ûôԸΪҪģһͣԭأֿɵá
ѵüԥĺҪ
ӳ̾뵽Ǳ飬ʥɱвûн˵³Ҳ֪ӲʲôرõĽ֡
ӳ뵽˷ʧܡٶһ
ѩɫƺڵʲôȰһ䣺ʲôξ£٣һ֪Ļᡣ
ӳδÿɷֻǶЦЦѩɫá
߹Թ˼ҸŮĴѾߣɲֻǻź˶ѣ֪ʶȤֻ֪ǻҪ󣬽ѾŮޣҪŮܼլĻֶҲ١
򸾸ŮѩɫǸ̳
ԹҸŮѾߣѡ̫òģ⽫޽үңȴ˼
ӳСǸտأߵѾ߸òȻ
ۿţЩŮӳĲȫûвֵ˼һ߸пŮ/ˣһɵȥ
ȻӳĻ˵ⲻǻ/ˣ˸
ϾʱЩŮһ˾˻ˮݣֻѩɫ´ѩɫ
ѩɫˣȷʵӳ࣬ܶ鶼ҪΪ
լӵװҲȫȥĿɶƷζʮ˽ѩɫලѩɫЧʼ죬ʱ䣬ٵ߰պͿ԰ȥˣʱ䣬Ǵ󳤹
˵󳤹磬˵βٴԹ󶼻μӣعչƽҲḰ硣
عԲ˵ؼѳ˼λȹ̡
ƽǵȨӳĸסĽͳƽһƽĸסûе׵ֳΨһ׵ܵزۣ̳ƽŵģ֡Դ»λݺλү޲ܺûޡ
ԣӳȻ֪룬󣬳ӳһҲδŹ
ƽʱƽʢȻŮҲ޲ϻʵصĽСκү쵼£ƽʢת˥֮ơ
չȫӣȻεĴ̫࣬Ȩ㳯Ұ
ջ̽ų֪֪١
ӳ֪֮һǱϮŮҡУܻտ֮
»λչϣյļɶӸϢһǳ»ĸ
ԣʵȨɶǵȨƼڣ˸ҵСԱܱô룬Ҫòһչ
һһĵλȨʥĴãҲٷ
ļɶܵʥãò˵Ȩϵ
ĸɶҲ֪ɣҲ糣
˵󳤹µôȨҪ룬ͶӪ߶ͷõһ˺߼󹺡
ӳȻǲԼģȥⳡỹԼĿġ


 16 

ûգǴ󳤹¾ٰӡ
һ磬ѩɫ㿪ʼΪӳױ
ӳһֻһֻҡزڷ䣬٩ҪҴɻ·μ𣿡
δ¶ˣѩɫҲʱЩ˼ʶһ¿òˡ
ô߳ܵĻ˵ôԴǵģӳбôеָ
ˡ
ӳţͷβ۵ʲôǵһйذɣ
ǰˣѩɫҲΣû뵽̶գæôµͬʱȻȥԡ
Ҿ͵ڿˡ
ӳͣѩɫĲҸһȥ
ã㳡һӦˣӳЦЦοһҪȥ
ܿʻӳ˳
˻һ
üĿ续ҫۡ
͵һһ֣ǳϽ㡣
ΪޣﻹŵʲôͲ̫˵ˣڴˣһ㶡
ӳܾûֳ¶棬û˺ƯλǴ˵еľǵһκذɣ
ҼκλκﻹҪϼְ
˰ɣ֪˭𣿳ӳʶΪҽ
ھǹŮν׹ˣһ漴ͷӶ˽ʱʱмЦ
ӳ˿ûϣֱ԰ſڣйڲ
һͱǹŮȦˣ񾹻Ƥ磬һּСȻǹģҲǴ󳤹ƣδ磬һЩҲ
ӳãһȺСм׼ȷλ˵ˣɨ˶ԷһۣˣҲùȦӶȥˣ֣һ˵üǣδ磬ȷʵһЩҲˡ
Ĺɫһһû뵽ӳϳڲŮȦӵʵ
˵ӳ޳Թֻ׹λ΢˴ûյǲ˱ӻġվһȺŮм䣬м޴룬ʱӳ䣬ŶԷӮԽаˡ
ʱӳһ仰ΧŮƺҲмֲԣڼ䴫ЦҲڳԼ
εصͷվԭأʱһŮ֣վʲôһȥǱͻɡ
֣м̧ͷǰŮӣãʲô֣
ԷЦˣǣ֣ҽѩعıá
ع֣˲ࡣ
ӳҲע⵽ߵĶ˿Ϊ⣬ôﶼʲôһ
ӳվ鴦˶͵
Ȼ󲿷˾ڴûˣҲв˾˲Ϊ󳤹Ͽͣ²Խ
Ѹٴ˸ģȻ㶢ſһŻȥ
ӳĿ֮ó鿴һۣ˵Ȼġ
û뿴֣ûȤشɢˣʱһŮ𣺡˵Ƥ񣬵ҪӣҲӲǴӴ󳤹Ҫİɣ
ѩģ⻰˵ú߼󳤹Ƣ̸϶ãӳóҪǸôļƶԸ󳤹ֱӱӳˡ
ڳƫƫ⻰ѩҲǿݲý͡󳤹ֲͻȻڴԸӳ塣
۷׷׼䣬Ůٷӳ˹ȥһ񣺡롣
ոյĿ˶ѾСӭȥģôӳǴ󳤹Ůӭأ
ѵӳǴ󳤹Ĺɣ
ôƤҪ˵Ȼˣȥո˵ѩѩÿ죬֣ͻ԰һȥˡ
˼ֿɿҲɢˡ
ӳŷ˽԰ӡ
ŮأٸϣӲֹŮͬ֡ʱ󳤹ϣŮŮҲͬһ԰ֻǿǵСƤʶŮ˶ѡ
ʱӳǰģŮеϯ
󳤹ƽڴϯ⻹мλھˡʱϯδʼֻġ
󳤹һһƽڳЩˣӳǰһкȥ
󳤹ȵס֣⼸λ㶼ʶɣ
ӳ֪󳤹ڸӣ΢Ц뼸λھһһʺáҲӸλھˣô룬һͿ
ݺѹ󣬴󳤹ͻƽǼϼһˣȥһͻ˵˵ɡ
ӳ֪ƽлҪ˵˳˴󳤹⡣
ŲߵƧƽſڣĸת㣬ǵĵܵӣ磬Ӧþܼˡ
лҲл󳤹¡ӳĵл
ˣƽЦǸ۸ģҵɡ
ã㣬ӳһ΢ЦڹӦ𣿡
ĸ׶Һܺãǰֱر𡣡ƽ˵ţɫȴһ˿Ȼ
ôˣӳһóԹɫȻɫĲԾ
ǸףƽҲûӳһʼܿһ˵¥ƺûôӭˡ
ӳסƽ֡
߼˵ȥĸ׳ܣȰĸ׸ҸŮ־ͺãĸײͬ⣬˲ɢ
ŮӳüŮȴҪŮλ·ʲô
޷ǵݱҴӰˡĸҪٰ磬һϱϳƽ̾˿Ҷĸ˵粻Ȼˣĸ˵һʱ㲻һѵһӶڹ˵ʲôŮҪػŶҪкá
󳤹İ㡣ӳ̾
ƽ︡Щů⣺ǰĸ׶ԽãҾԽǣ
Ҫ£ӳο󳤹Ĵ㣬Ϊǣηηβ˺
⻰ƽгһ˿
Ϊ˷ֹƽа㱻տ֮ƹȥӳϧԼӣ㿴ңôҲúúõġ
ӳ˾塣ƽ
ҵҵҲǱȻӳֵ롣
Ҫڼ䣬Զкµġ
һڱڵкŹѼɤҾٿҪҪ㡣
ңҽҵġһкӵӳǡ
ѼɤкĻܿӡ֤Ĳ²⣺˰ɣ˭֪Ǹ֪ܵĳĶʲô˼кðӵˡ
ӳͷһ۸ܵܡ
ֱӴӰ߳Ѽɤкڳ£ͻȻеԱһǡ
׵ת˭ң
ӳüҴģΣ                        
лҪ˵л2020-05-03 17:30:04~2020-05-04 17:27:46ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лӪҺСʹsss 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 17 

ѼɤкӳһһʱΪɫԣԱ߸ģкקһ²ʦ
Ҵң
Ҵ򶼴ˣ˵ҸҲң
б¾ͱСͲƢǲС
ӳ
мֵʶ˵һ뿨סˣȵȡӳ
ӳЦЦҵ֡
˵˻ȴ˵ץ񣬳һʱЩΡ
ѼɤкŸոձĺףŲ֪˵ʲô
ʲôóӳֱ⡣
кԥԥ֣ſơ
һůӳůůСʱجΡһ˯ʱӳóģ˵ᱣû뵽һֱڡ
뵽ӳ˳ֳ˹Ѽɤкһǡ
߳ʹһֻźףһֻŶͷмίѾˣΪʲôң
ίСӳ˲۸СӵУܿɫΪסԺҪ۸ˣˣڵǸɡ
кҪԣӳٴֻܲ鲻Ըض˵˾䡰Բ𡱡
˵ʲôǸӳָָ
кתͷһΣżһСġԲ𡣡
ӳߵҲûΪ˼ǸͷӳԹѼɤкʾ⣺ˡ
δܵܣӳȻҲûи˼ȥʰǸкǿǿضԼĽ㣬һ
ӳ̾㳤ˡ
ʱѾӳǸĺȥԶʮкʵӤʣҲʵ˼ǸССˡ
ԾǿŲ˵ӳ᣺ǽ㲻ԣԭ½𣿡
ӳűסӲӡ
㣬Ǹտ֮һ𣿡ƽӳµĲ
ʱڹû˵Ѿһˣӳ׵ܵͷظɽܸ˶㸴ʱĹ̵ġ
˵̧ͷ۾ġ
áӳԵõظһ顣
˵ˣ飬ӳЦʣôСүɻⰡ
񶼷ˣȴҪǿ⡣
Ťĺӡӳְ̽
ĬΣʵ㣬㻹ȥ𣿡
ˣұ֤ӳдţһᣬһѩɫ쳣˻Ӧ֮ߡ
ıֻ֤رס
԰ƧĽǶȾӵΣӳоմʪԼ
ƽûдǣȻ뿪
һԶŲЩ˼شӳѣ˲ᡣ
ˣ쿪ʼˣȻλɡ
ͷһλȥߵ;ȴ˽סˡ
ˣҽͬʱü
סǵƽˣƽǽ֣ҽܶλҲеһĸ
ӳСʱ򣬽ϣϻλĻʱλĸûٺ;˾һţƺ޲Լǽĵɩɩ
ʧƺ±ۣóף޻ô壬ôѿҽȻҲûȥƨɵϰߣʱֻ䲻ȵá
ƽһģһλµķ˺һλЩģƽ˵ϺϵĶϱʱҲһ˹
㣿ƽ´ӳƼʲôϡһ㣬ôˣ
ûӳ𻰣תͷԺϵǲ֪˭ɣǴĳӳ
ڿЦԭλеĳǰŲһ
ָӣǰһڽǰſ˵Щʲôȴӳס˼硣
ϲδע춯ֻתӳ˵Ǵ󳤹µᣬܶҪģɼǵýУҶˡ
Ӹµ̬ȺͺεӳüλĸٽӴû뵽ƽ˾ġƽ˾ƽӹټһķˣҲѹƽԶһʢ
ƵǰˣӳҲٸԷӣĸ˵Цˣ㳤ªδء
ƽĶۣλϳȷÿʱ֥ҽվһֵĳªҲӲĳ߷֡
ϯλԶӳ⻰ΧȺڴϣ̲סЦ
㡭ô˵ģû뵽ᱻָӳ
ӳ޹״ʵʵ˵ѣ˱ŵûУǳʵŶˣг˵ЦЦֲ㲻ĸ
⻰˵þͺˣһǲϳԿӣʱŭſھҪˣС
ȴѼʱסˣעⳡϡ
£Ҳ֪ڴ󳤹ϲô£޺ޱ졣
һʱЩΣϴʱȴӳ֣ȷò˫ָ֣ˡ
ѿӳŵؿϣ߸һ԰ּ˫֣һӶûУһûְɣ
˵ʲôȻ룬ʵ
ҿûб˼ڿ㣬ڿЦŮӾҪôʲôðôӣô˶ɵˡ
ӳڳһһߵ϶ϱֹԭĶϱ㲻βҲڹ˵ɵҲδ̫ˡ
ҭһ£ԼںӳѧĻէһԼҳĶϱɵˡ
㲹һ£ӳԴǵصȢѧʿҵŮΪӵ;·˼ҶɵˣͲˣ˵䲻ģ뵱ʲôƷ
㡭ôô˵ϱƿԣҲϸոյ·ӣɰͰ͵һ䡣
û취٣ֻô˵ӳЦЦģȥ֪Ķϱȥ
ʶϱһۣߴĿһﲻ
ЩԹϱ֪˵ľͷһǶɵˡȴ֪ϱѹͲƽϾǸźĸΪ˶ӵ;Ȣѧʿ֮Ůȴ߲ӳĻ˵ɲǵʲôҪƷ
ƽʱǲĸ죬ӳʹ죬òͷԼЦ⡣
ӳŮӣںʹʹ졢⣬²һ˿֮⡣
ԶȴҲһĻ
һԱߣͬΧọ̈̄룺λȻò࣬Ǻ
㻹ţ
лҪ˵㻹Ĳࣿл2020-05-04 17:27:46~2020-05-05 17:56:01ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ׵Сʹ 1
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 18 

ϺϰҧλػĳѾͷȴ󳤹˹æ񣬴󳤹ȴ·û˰㣬ֻҽܴ˸к⼸λʲôأ
Ϻӳļһ˵æŴصµĻģûʲôرġ
ȻˣλزⱾѳͳһɣ
˵Ȼ˵⡣󳤹Ҳѹδ˻ش𣬱һֱֻۣӳ˳Ϲ֣һ뿪
Ϻ϶㷣ִ󳤹Ÿոյ£²õӡ
ʱ˶Щڣ֪Ѿͷڴ󳤹ǰôӣֺαȥأ
лΪҽܶ˽Χ߳һСξӳл
ҿЦҿ˿·磬ҲòűΧ
ӳ˼ЦЦ
󳤹ʵڹûûʲôӦģ
л¹ģһаáӦּһͬˣڼҲû󳤹ղ䡣һӳµȻʲôŵ´󳤹յΧġ
㳤衢ʲô϶Ӧӳеĳ㡣ǰǸС׻ü
δϸ룬󳤹ּڹʲôģȥһеҵ⴫
Լڹֱ¶ҽܣǸСˡл
ʵӳҲڹﰲ塢Щ֣û֣ЩʲôλϡǷ񻹶ģδ֪֮δϸǰóȻóʹЩˡ
˴󳤹顣
ļ䣬˹ѵС㵽ˡ
ֻ˵С㣬˵ƽٷˣӳע⵽һ㣬һۣл
󳤹õŮ٣ȷȻӳδů׮µĲȴѾˡ
£ȥӭӭůӳ
󳤹ͷ֪ñܿ˵˵Ȼ
ӳȴ󾭹һ˾벻ף˸档
ӳǰδӴñ½֪ʱײϣ˶ʱ˷ڻĿŵؿߡ
ʧˣӳʩһ񣺡

ɫȻ糣˿κνŵģ
ԶԶȲԲİ𡪡ģûӳӣûУӳǣԻͷݣתֺҲûС
һһк
ֻ¿ֵʧ䲻ѡ
ոձһԱϣʵڲ˵仰Ļᶼȥ˵䣬ίѶԷ󣬻λ;кӳײϡ
ʱӳ뿪ЩƵĿȫϡ
һܣֵλλȨصعתߣȲĺȲ裬ĵģƺոշһжڡ
ֻѣ½֣ǴСһ𳤴ȻмûˣҲԡ
εؿһۡ
½̾˿ǰһֱھһ˵¡ڶλô³̣
㶼˵ʲôʡ
ȷҪҸһ飿
Ĭһ˲ڻʳڣô˵ģ
ԻƿǳҡЩʲôԸ¼/ҾͲˡ½ֵ
ԻƿǳҡĬһ˸֣ܿйӳĴԡֱգۣһֻ֮С
ɼǶģ̶̼꣬Ǿӳսʱģ󡢳ĽС㣬ǵӡн滻˷ǳ/Ը¼ģ
˵̫࣬Ҳ̫У֮ӣƺ˵òǶԵġǸõӳǴġ
΢˫ۣһ
½ֿӣ̲סʵ㲻ỹδ˰ɣ
һۣĿв֮⣬½ֻñ졣

ӳ뿪ıӰмֵǡ󲿷ʱڹУӳůģҲš
ոҲȥӳֹˡ
ʱҲ˵ãǸ˭һЩ
һֱӳ뿪ķ򣬹˴һ㹤򣬾ͿӰ
ǣ֣ӳϴһЦ⣬ůβЩΣǸոտ޹
ϸϸ۲ůı飬ɫﲢ޿֮⣬Է
ͬʱ֡ȻˡͷĳӳһԦģֻҪҪκ˵Ļġ
̫õӣΪܳĹж༵޽ʥ裬ж޽Ů
ӳһ꣬ĺã˿ͳɹ̫ɿڷůݡ
Ͳ󣬲̫Щƣӳ㣬ʵܵġ
ӳʵżøʹظ̾ʹ˻ͷҲֻ¶ؽ͡
ӳů߹ƽŮڵӡ
ˡӷˡٷˣλδĵСӵһӶˣȴΨůż֮ⲻ
ʱŮ쿴ůм־ȣĵСסůôˣûôģ
Ҳõؿֽİɣȫ˵Ȼ㣬ǰ˵ȴڽδҲ̫ˡ
⻰ߵڰףⲻůʱȴְȫƵůͷϡ
ůɫ˰ףһ˳óӦֶ⡣
ӳ֣ЦӯӯڣůǴ󳤹µĹͣԷϵġǲȥӣȻǲͬ·
ӳԴ׼ǰ뷼һֱ͵ůϡ˼ɹȥˡ
СֱҪЦſھ볰ӳţ⼸û󳤹ůйʲôչ˰
Ǻ˼ЩŮǰһ
˿󳤹ķ
󳤹˲ŵĿЦŶӳ֣
ӳôһ飬˿̱˵ֻǽѹһѹƽӣӳҪѲƽ˸ϳȥ󳤹Ҳɵ
һƽѣ󳤹ȫ


 19 

ڲƽѿɫ£ӳǣůȥ
ոһСͻڳĿⶼϣůЩӦ΢΢ףӳˣ˶ڳŷĽͷԲް㲻ͬ
䣬ӳδƵĳϣڳһ˶ֻδˡʱһ⾪ޣˣǶԺСӳֵıӡЩ
󳤹Ц̣ůΣӸú㡣
ƽŮɫһһ飬СҧҧҪ˵ʮ˽Ůĺסˡ
Ƕˣ˵ʲôûãƽ׸˿Цȥ
ůҪغģʱôĥͲЩ˹ܵõˡ
ů͵ۿӳеĳ㡣
ʻԵܵðٰάǸΪνİ鲻һеˡ
ոնԼ˵Ļůҧҧıˡ
ϯʽʼǰãչڵ
ϯЩɧϾȨƽʱҲмĻᣬֻλչƽʱѵһ˵ųô˻ϵ
ȻҲ֪һ㣬ſʱ䵽ܱܡ
ɧɧӴ̤ţˡ
λȨʮչԴǾòȴ
οݴλչһ𺣬飬Ը粻˾³ңµرλƷ󽫾Ҳǽ׹³
˰ɳһչɣޱʱĿǰһԣչ΢Цʱʹ鲻ˬȥùͷ
⳼ڻ£ײùͷ󣬲ǿܽôɣ˹һ̱ҷΪ
ʱӣϲ಻٣һ޵Ц⡣
˶ˣλϣſûĸɵȥùͷ
ɵܿˣӳĿӴкչ
˿ЦֻؿţӸһҪ֪չϲ˿ɴӲ뵱ųжƷԱ˿ġ
ոձӳǹˣ˷ܵضߣֻҪ
󳤹׼ˣչôҪ취⣬չѿ
ӳȫûⷽĹǡ
չţȴȻһŵˣȡڻʵۣȨʮꡣ
νĶƷ󽫾Ҫж٣Ҳǻʵ۵ʱձȨͷ
Ȩˡ
Ȼ˴Զ˽ӡ
˿ֵһ£Ӷӳȴŭ֮⣬º͵ش˸кþòˡ
չӳеھΣ⼸ӳ¡
ӵؿξ¶ϵЦ⣺Ѿͷɲǲ⼸ҵ綼ȥôˣ
ãȻˣ΢Ц鲻ãЦʲô
У⻰Ȼէһָ𣬵еǵĴ
ӳͷˡ
Цļ磺׾ͺã㻹ôᣬеǻͷĻᡣ
ӳֵ˵ͷ
ֲһ䣺ʲô½˵ģҡ
⻰˵˵ȻǸġ
˻һԺ˭۸ӳȵԼܲšӵĴȡ
Ծλ˵õԸʶ䣬˵õΪ˲ݣ˵õѾŮȦأôһĶڻ
ۿΪܹӡܹĵˣֻӵĴȣζǲܡ
ƽϣ˵Ӷ˷
󳤹ô£
ǵȻ֪顣
ӵΪϻʵ۵̣ӳڹųġ
ûкˣСʱӳѩɰͶԵദǰŮչ˵ġ
ӹҲӳһͶλ𺡢ȨһʱĴ̫Ե󳤹Ҳûйȴ
ҵӲӳˣһʼ棬û뵽ӳܳԵϰĿͷַ츳᲻źӣʥͬ󣬿ʼ˽ϰ֮·
ӱֻǻʹ̣ƹŻ̽æʱ͵̽ȥӳ̽ǶŶգæһʱعӳѾҲһʧ
ʱӳʾ֪ҲòϣҾѧ
ںӳ֤¸߽򸾺ҲȻˣֻҪѺӴѧʲôѧɡ
ԨԴȻ֪˼ӶӳΪȡ
ոձӳӵˣûôȥͱ󳤹չӶĲŪˡ
ƽ˻ãſԻظĥůƽ˾ˡ
Ǿȹ龪ȡƹƣӳȻҲûǽ͵˼
ʽʼ
󳤹ƽܸڳˣҵעܿͱתˡ
Ŀȴӳϣܽʱգһ֣ԶȫĽ㡣ΣͶĿۻǱģԶСࡣ
Ѳ
½˳߿ȥ̾ˣˣһһЦǷ飬ǸݰΣ
˵ǣȴ˻ȥ
½ȻؿδˣҸ⣬ǰ㲻ǲǱһҹɢҪȢΪ޵𣿲̽һ£᲻һף
ˣһۣ㼸ǰǻлԼʱҲѩĴס㲻֪ӳжཾѩûۡ
½˵ЩӳҪӵûоӳʲô
ҲǣǴǰˣһʼҲס
Ϊѣ½ֵȻ֪ʱڱһϣ֮ӣȨơƸһȱɫֱֿɵá
Ȩ㹻òŮ֮ͣټϿʵأ
ӳлԼǶʱ䣬ҲвԼϯԸ檵ġ
òġϻ۵ġġ欵ġʲôûУȴֻйһӳ
ԣλʲô֮أ½ġ


 20 

ⳡʢ˳˽ڳŻƽƷòһƺûϳӡ
ȻϳҲŴ󳤹µ³ˡ
һƬڵķΧнӳԼȥµַ˻ƽʲô¾ңŷ뿪
һԺſڣڵԼĵܵã΢ů
ע⵽ƽΧůͳӿ˽Ų
ʲô
ûʲô˵Ҳûĵط£ֻůһظѡ
ˣҴȥ
ǾͷˡҲ磬תҪ뿪ů˺ӳͱ޳Īˣαִ
Ŷˣӳʲôס˹ȥλظ󿴵Ҫ̫ȡ
ˣСһǺ⣿ѵǺź򲻺òɣ
ǰСȻ֪֮ӳֱ׳̬öԷҭһ¡
üǺ˰ŶҪ֣ǷЩԽ޴ˣ
𣿡ӳЦЦȥҴ󳤹ôǷд
ô󳤹ѹƫƫû취پܾ
Ӹոմ󳤹µ̬ƺ൱ӳ
οСֵǰ˵ġ
ǿЦݣֵǰֱ˹ˡ
ãǺǵøǷ
һ˺е
뿪ڱﲻסЦ˳㣬湻˵ġ
ˣӳͷǹɣȥɡ
Ҳ֪ù˶ȣͷЩᡣ
ӳһӵϸϸ˼䣬źůһ
Ŀ뿪ůͷ㣬лҪ˵
ûů벻룿ӳżɽ
룿ůƺһ£ҧҧ·ҡ
ӳͷҪ⣬ֻ˵벻롣
ůײƺԥ
ӳ̾˿Ҳû£ǣˣ֪һ
ůãӳȫͬӳȫҲ˳ܡ
⵹Ҳܹ˵ĳɳкܴϵ
ӳСʱ򣬽ϻʵ谮Ķӣеδ
ʱֱǾСоǣ˸ǡ
ůԸ͵Ҫʱڣȴλʧܣ»ʵǻǶʱ䣬ͬڶ̻̲գݻֺ̿Ͳů׵̵̫ӡ
ůĿĿѵ֮º󣬺Щ˱ȻΪѶС㡣
֪ӳͷǸ˵ʲôȥˡ֪ů˳ڣ
Ȼô񣬿һӦ̲סЩЦȴֹǵǣǻᷭġ
ͷô˿ӲҪùѹ㣬ǡ
Ƿأ͸ѺŶС¹ô죿²ûȻġ
ҿǵˣѾѲɽѩ͵˲ƽӳü֪ģȫ顣
ůסˣĿɿڴô˵ˣУ鲻
ʱоС֮ƣٻСһٳƺŵӳƺȫûоﲻԣ˵ţУ·ûɣֻҪǸ𷣹ͷңһԵŸǸѵ
ĴӦغܿ죺ǡ
ǡӳתů˵˼ȡ
ůҲһϯŪÿЦãů๫Ųͬġ
ӳ赭дòͬ⣬ֻҪͷҴѺӡ
ů
ģ
ܺãǿ
һ£ΪѶС㣬ҪЩиˣֶΡ
ӳ˱ۣΪů⼸ѹʱȻᶨ£ͷ÷ɺ¥һͻŻͲ͡
Ϊĸʢĸ߶˾¥ɺ¥ʵѹûͲҵ񣬵ӳϾϰ֮һڣɺ¥Ȼӡ
㣬òô鷳ůСȰ
㲻鷳һ仰ѣӳɺ¥ˣٻġ
ŶˣУӳʲô·Ρ֬Ҳÿ¶ȥͣ巻ÿȵƷͼһţʲôʽǾͺáûʲôҪ̺ģûҪӡ
㣬лл㡣ůĲƾܡ
ҿӳãһжҪõġ
㡭ůӯڽޡ
ӳԼĻܵ½ʪ
ůڽ㻳ʧʹޣƺܵίڻһ
ӳůͿĶ͵˺
ŷѾ˵Сֻٷ˻ҵ鷳˶ſڲýƫš
ŷԸҲ£ϾٷڸĴǴҶģҲʲô
ʱŷµδţֻǸ˾˭
ȻĻشŷȷ˵ݡ
Ӵٷ˻ˣŷ컬ɣŻˣͷٷƲƫŰɡ
⻰Ȼ۾ϹůһʱǰŵʱŻġ
أů֪˵ǻѻأŷ¶Ц⣬ůٷˣҪһŷɫڹͷϣĪЩС
صŶԷĴ𸴡
вͬǣⲢδ߻ֻһŮӵЦ
ȻˣģǽǰѺŲ˰ɡ


 21 

ģǽǰѺŲ˰ɡö˵Ļȴŷʧɫ
ң
ŻˣҺ˰ǻһţ̸ϸҲأǵö𣬡ģպǮת˼ǵĴмͺá
Ůӵ͸ż޿֣ŷĪ˵óõûô죬ŮӼůȺȥǱߵĲ¥ɣö¥λӦܿŵĹ̡
ȵȡŷźһߴȥ֪ͨСһһȿ˴ţ׼ʱ䡣
Ŵųһžɫճŷǰʱ˲ͣΪЦЦؿô޺ˣ
ǰŷźźոסˣ˵ͣͺˡ
ԭˣӳҲתʵ֮ǰû㣬ŷʱģ
ǰ졣ŷҲֵóЩĻʱ䡣
ԭλ˺õ𣿡ӳʡ
ŷ㡭ô֪ԭŷˣ֮ǰλŷǰҹ·Сˤȣ˵ȲŻ᳹׻ָܼҵ֪󣬱ֱӻ˸ŷС¶ĹǶùģŷȻӳλε֪ġ
ӳȴûش⣬ֻЦЦһѣҶġ
ŷ˶
ӳּҾǸˣӦòһŷͬ⡣
ŷøˣ·¶ʲôİ˺һϿңٷ
Ͷˣ֡ӳ
ļͰŷסˣݵؿ
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ĵСӵϢʱ첽ϹůѾţûصŷһۡ
ɩˣĸ׽֮ȥءСƵؿӳ⻰ǹ⵱ӳ˵ġ
Ŵ󳤹ɲοĸжϱȥ˵仰쾭壬Ǵ󳤹Ҳûвֱ˼µĵ
ʶӳ߹Ȼûʧֱӿڵ˸մ϶ЩˣůСҲôšǺûʲôҪµĻǾ͸˵ɡ
ʲôûʲôҪ£СЩڲԣĸҶϱѵҪ£
Ŷһ˵ӳʲôҪ£Ҳ˵ɡ
ӳ㡭
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ӳոյĽڣСᣬ̧ͷӳȻЦЦؿ
СֻĿųؿڣŽˡ
ӳתˣŷڶĬؿ
ôˣӳü
ûʲôûʲôͷҡ÷·˹һ㡣
ӳůļ磺ˣطϢɡȻȥˣʲôһҪҡ

صСԺѩɫѾڵˡ
ӳױ̨ǰ
ѩɫһ߸жͷϵλһߵѾķԸѲɽѩ͵ƽˡ
úáӳͷ
Сѡ𣿡ѩɫʡ
ᣬʱ䲻̫á
ôģѩɫЦʡ
ůϾҵã˽ֻӱȽ˳ֲɵܴȨס
иأѩɫЩǡ
ᣬҸո˵ˣůɵ
Ǹǲǻۺѽ
λůģӳ̾˿ολϣǱǻȺġ
 
ѩɫӳͶ˽ʱֺĶһװ顣
ڿʲô
ӳķƤ¶ѩɫһڿԼΪԭ͵Ļ
ǰӳЦҽ·֣ϰ彫Ϊԭ͵Ļȫˡ
ѩɫ
ӳϸշһݸѩɫȥһ£Ȿ˭
ѩɫһ۷Ƥϵġ֬ᡷ֣ʵⱾʲô
ҡտ֮ӡĸ˵İ޾𣬿Ʋ£ĵʱԿӳϵؽƼѩɫ
ѩɫ
ӳֵߵΪϷдúá
ѩɫҲҲǡ
ѩɫ²ۣӳЦˣⱾķʱǰʹֵˣǵһдҺտ֮Ļ
ѩɫ˼
ûӳһ񣬡ĿǰҺտ֮ĴԣⱾдüΪƣ˵Ȿĳ˴Ե򡣡
ѩɫ֮Ļвͬľ飬ǻǸͬһ
ûӳʼ磬ֶޱȣλȻ֮ĸ鴧Ħеף۵һѺ֣ܻõϡ
ãѩɫͷһȥġ
뿪˷䣬ӳַһ˵֬ᴧĦеףһǿţдǰõŲ֮ˣ
Ծɿýζ
Ȼ֪Сõŵ¡عȴŰӳӡ
ʱ߾и·ݺݺ࣬˻ƣӳʱǱһ˲
Ͼڼ˵ӳƤҲһһġ
Ȼ˾ϲûôǳ
˵ʵòĵһӡһ㡣
ǳϳʱӳ˷ִ壬ҺǶŹءϲӡ
ֱŷԼش
ŹصĹŮ䷶ӳװӭ̫ϲõġ
Ȼαװû̫ܳãһӳαװòģǵһʵĽʵǷâ¶
ദˣ˭óⲻһ򵥵
ӳαװƵ̫ȴʵۣҲٿװӡ
˵ģƸ۰һǰơ
עһ
΢ЦЦż԰ֻŮ֮ȴЦ˼һоյơ
һ·˳˳ˮСӣδŮӡ
ݡ
źǣƺ֤ˣһΨһһĶվǴˡ

 22 

ܿ죬͵˴ǷŰӡ
տ֮жףʮͷͣҲһΪˡ
õϢʱӳ¾ӵԡ
ǰѰ¾ӡլۡװκݣÿϸڶܿ˼Ǹע֮ˡ
ԡأؽܹɽ޳ɵģʱӳůˮУϢر߾Ʊǳһڡ
⣬տֻ֮ӡ֤ǱϢȷԡ
Ҳ꣬ûд󳤹µտ֮һûκαĶ׽ʿںԺȥɡ
˵տ֮ҧ踺صذӳ֮ǰסСԺ׻˵ɼѣҲ֪ܲӦ
ӳš
޷ӦûӳôıߣҲֻʱǸСԺˡ
ӳܿЩûȵԼλĸȴȵˡ
ѩɫƽҲûʲôøУŷüʲô
ӳҲûµ˰˽
һƽϱ˽һ·ݻĸۡﰵ
Ƕ˵ӳլۡװγҪӣ
һʱû뵽ӳǴտ֮ûصӣֻǽӳ绨ϣƲƲ죬Լҵ˴𰸡
ĸ£ӳĵʡ
ŹĹ㣬¶ȻĹб飬˵ֿˣѾʮˣ˳޵ָͣһңԺ˭Ҫ㣿Ժӿô
ջ£ɱզأ
һԵѩɫûסһ飬ʳᾫڲϸսʳţҲáջ
Ҳ⻰ҭһ£Ǻܿ˴⣺ӣĸ˾ҲʮΪģһ׮£Һ˾˶ʺ㡣
ŶԷʲôô
ϸЦ⺢ӣô˵أʲôô
ĸˣԷ˭
ǹƽλȨأֶˣѵֲĹȢ㵱ء
ƽʮ˰ɣԺСͨɶλ
ЩҲסź£޹ȥǵĸƽʲôСͨ
Ȼôõ£ĸβñü޹ȥʫûװɣ
ᵽԼŮЩˣӳʲôʸĵģ㵽׼޲ޣ
ӳλ̫ľĸһۣ޹ȥȻ촵ͷ磬ùƽԸǺĸҼ𣿡
ϱɫŤһ˲ϸƽǣߣȻˡүԼĵմӰŵһʲϣ˹ƽ
֪λүϲɫ˺⻹Ͷ׼òѾߡ
˭ƽѾߣֻǰմ󳤹ϾһƳӳ
ƽظһôˣҪǿϵŮ϶ǲͬġ
ȻӳϲŮڴӦӳסַ󣬵ڶ͵š
뷨ӳʧʱиԸȢ͸øжˣοԷǹƽλȨ֮أ
ûƽǺɫ֮⣬Ҳ˵㡣
û綼ڴƽǰǱġ
ǣȻֱ׳ؾԼΪӳãôô£޹ȥĺܡźùƽź˵˵ˣȻҲٲĺô
ϿģӳһԲ
ĭ˺һ˵ÿڸѩɫ˿ûиԼϱ˼̲סԹѾҲ̫ûЩ
ϸѩɫ欵ģ޽үҶȻ᱾֡ʫѾߣؼ
ӳƵϣ̧ۿ˿ϣ˳ó󣬲ŵߵòѾ߸ǹķͷûǡ
ӳȻ⹥˵òǰսǻλʫйһЩͻʱѹ
ãôô˵ŭ
ʵѣҲֲ˱ãӳһתϾŮ
Լ׮µҪԣŰûƿڴ
һɫŤظԼ裬ӳҲбʵϣʱʱСӲһкõˮ
һû࣬ӳʵźÿò仰ȥ
ճŶȻԵõӳҧгݵûʲô⣿
ֻһ⣬ӳЦӯӯʣĸԼȥأȥأ
Ͻסˣ㡭㡭ôô˵
ΪʲôôȣӳҲܺ棬ϲѾܲ𣿡
ϼѿڶȴһϡ
Ҫλȥ𣿡ԭѩɫոӳǾ仰̾ͰѲԶйˡʱŵϣĿꡣ
УĿɿڴ֮࣬ûס˾໰
ûֱӳȥ١ӳſ֡
Լߣ뵽ģæֹҪ汻ӳȥ˿ȥԼĻڣ
ӳǸ첻ߣʲô˼治ȫڵģһǵ˿ҲԷҲȫִ
Ҳ֪ô̵ģһŽ򸾣һ߻뿪ӳլۡ
ţһǻŭ޴йҪǽ±ڿˮ
ŮҪҲ֡
ŭڿһʱ˶٣Ѿߵ㿴ǲع
ʻĺܻѾ߶һطˣû
ȼλ֮ĶࡣʱʽܿݵȼοϻӡСءּһա
ϵһӦӳġ
ֲãӳסǰݵĸ֮ۡǰΪʲôǮء
ڿǮ˾ˣҲ֪ʲôֶ˻ͷݣϲмƲƲ졣
м鲻мϻǴյǰ
֪к£óͣ³ϻ
үӳİɣϻ˼ڣҸմǶҰոջȰӳˣع䰡
һۣϴޱһҲ飬ֻӲͷƤ˵ӳģǶ˵ʲôչ˴ǣǰ;Ը̷չңرʲôġ
һȥֻٴ˦ӳΪá
ɫǵˣҪиˡ
ϣ
ϼӳţֱһʱĻŭţΪԼɹ
뿪ǰһ仰ӳ֮£ȡЩ˵Ҳ˵ǰ
ϴסˣֻάӳ
뿪΢΢üȷʵֻ·֪ӳᵽ
ڴǸСԺȥ
뵽ոϵĻ֪ǿδ棬һ˲
̾˿ûзԼȥ


 23 

һߣû׬Ҳͦϧӳοû£ĳҶأԺ󻹻лġ
ֻ˼ΪĸڹЩģ
ò˵ѡ˵ѩɫǳӳûλԷݶʣֻӳһ仰Ҫȥˡ
ӳͷʾ˶־Ŀ϶
ˣӳѩɫôˣ
ǰѩɫδԼķŭôңô߽㰲һ׮ôĻ£
ӳοѩɫΪˣҲóѵġ
ѩɫҧҧ濤ίǰǽʱƽӣʲôæҲˣû侮ʯȴųЮ㣬ӵľĸ
ӳ̾˿ƽҲˣƶƽƽͷԲƽæȻҪֶŮ⹫ǻùƽ£һ仰¶
ѩɫ侲ϧ
ϧҲ̸ϣһʢһʱĺ㣬епˣӳĿµǣλ磬ƽӣȻСòԺ󣬾оû˻ƽˡ
ϣԳЦЦҲûʲôʸͬǣϾƽػȥûġ
ô˵ѩɫЩѹӳúõСݻڣƫҪ˻ˮ
ǰսǻӳÿ龫ǣۿѾھ˽ŸˣԷЩˣȴֱһĪȥȫŬ
ǰ;ȥˡѩɫȴûӳһ䱧ԹҲû
ֻĬĬ˽״Ȼ취Ŭ̡
ʱӳ˵ΪŮΣûʲôɱԹģѩɫ⡣ӳޡ
ѩɫʹ˼ûãͱӳЦˡ
ѩɫȥӳһЦÿģ⻰ǽʱ£ҴƲŹ˶ã»ˡȻ⻰Ǹտ֮ԶԧĶ񶾷ɣдĺȤ
ѩɫһ飬ҾͶѹ
ȻôţѩɫǸµḶ́ۿҪɹˣָλãס⡣
ڼ䣬ӳŻιЦ
ѩɫĵʣ𣿡
һҲУӳҷǰ̵İߣ⼸궼ʥ϶ϵˡһڿҪô
ѩɫ̲סһЩǣȫڶԸˡ
ǰԵ¶û˿⣬˲ɽ֪길ůļӱƭߺʵٴηϢֻǷʯţ뺣ŵ˶Դʧˡ
صģ
ӳͷû֤ݣһǡůͳԮŶȥķ񡣡
֮ǰЩԵΪҪҵ취Щǻصģӳ̾ҲǺæİ
̾ѩɫ߲ԾƮǱ
ʶߣӳס¶ı飺Ҳæ͵
ѩɫӳ޵ֿͶҲˡ
źǣæ͵ûܳãտ֮š
ӳ֮ǰܿЩȻûգտ֮ͳס
ӳڱտ֮мȰŷ
տ֮һ·߹ֻ⸮ۡʣһʱۣŴ󻧳˾ǻܣԼôӣҲֻ黭һװΡ
ȻȰӳתġ
ǷŰտ֮жס
ļƻУʱƴ󳤹ϻƣΪԼǰ;·
ӳһͨϣ󳤹·Ȼ߲ͨˡ
ֻ뵽Ǯ·ʶУֻӳɵǮࡣ
ԣʱϣ֮ǰһȭͷŬӳ
տ֮ӳһģȥ֡ӳ㿪ˣ̰ڳһĵı飺Ҳԣ̫ٶۣô֮ԥңԥһֱĥҵģҲʮʹࡣ
㣬ԥۣӳЦؿտ֮Ϊת֮ʻһתҰˡ㿴׷Ҳ׷ȻҪԥˡ
̫лҡӳϵּһ䡣
տ֮һ໰֪
лҪ˵ллصӪҺ1ƿ~

 24 

տ֮ǿԼʵұҪԥİ֮ˣҶֻϧѣΪǰ⣬źһôòʶһ㡣
ӳ˹ƣչûȥϷӣڴ˵츳
տ֮ɫһǿԼ˸Цݣӳ֪㲻ţ㲻Ҫңһж֤Ҷؿɼ
׼ôж֤ӳȤ
տ֮׼ȻǴΪȣ¶ΥԸ
;ŮӵĸӦɷΪȡ
ʱ˵⻰ΪǼòκһŮ⻰øжŶԡ
˭ӳָǿ㱾͸²ΥҵԸȻ㻹ָ𣿡
տ֮ͷһӳȡֵصңΥҵԸһŶ
տ֮ҧǲܽκġ
ˡҲܹͬӳü㣬㹻ˡݺ͵λʱ䲻Ҷ
⻰ʵˣտ֮֮ǰԼǿӳҪԣ¶ĲܶԷʲô̬ȣԼҪ˺ʱѾһȭȥˡ
ȻĽֻúܲҡ
ʹӳ֪֮ǰģҪôԭأ
ҪҴһ٣
տ֮ɫһ
ô𣿡ӳźصôСҪҲĵġ
տֻ֮ǰ˲ǹѰĵİɣ
뵽Ŀģտ֮ǿ԰ŭѹȥ´֪㣬ǷŰˣжס
ûãӳʧ״ôûø״Ԫأ̽Ҳа
տ֮ҭҭͼһ£Ӹλѧ޳ʶĲݰһ£жѾǺ˲ˡ
ô˵ҵͣжټˡ
ƭˣ¿̽ʮꡣӳһȡֵӡ
տ֮ת⣬֮˹Ȣ㵱ҵӣұ֤Ժһġ
ӳֵؿһۣ˹٣ӺԺﰾǵöȥˣھͽʳΪʲôҪҺ
Ĳȥ
ȻȻǱżŵġ
Ȼǰμӳֵúܾտ֮û̫ģΪΪһơ
ȫǵ˶֪ӳң˲޷֮ʵ˲֪һ㡣
ӳ˽ͣ˭ţĸ˻Ȣ
ӳȥҡ檡
ԼͷӵȻȵǿ࣬Լ֮ˡ
ʱԼǮ£Ϊɷǰ;ܲģ
ǣտ֮־ؿڵȫ¶֪ҵĹϵ㲻ң˭ֻȢأ
ϣտ֮ܵӳһ˲񣬵濴ȥԷȴһ̬ƶġ
˭㱾˵ģײ滹¿ۣ̽
ޣֱ޳֮ȡ
տ֮ﰵšȻ빦ͺ檣ͨѾԺ龰
ֻӳһŮӿ˵տֻ֮ⲻҪ档
Ůӣĵ´һգӳ޳ܡ֮ˣԼǾȢġ
ӳϲŭԵӣ飬ˮһ̡
տ֮ģһ
ɵӣȻӳĲͬȻָĲֻ̬ϵת䡣
ǰ䣬ദʱӳԼһ棬ǰЩ÷˿΢֮С
ЩСֶΪԵá
֮ǰӳǾ㣬бͬ˵ġ
ƫƫɢĶ˼ƹ
ǰӳϲδչ¶һַ顣
ĪãӳΪ֮ĻҪĿöࡣ
δ֯ԣѩɫײ
տ֮ǰһѩɫ̼̼ӳⲻѩɫ𣿼δס
ѩɫΪֱ
ӳЦһѩɫףͱˡ
ǰʾѾ߶䲻ϣӳ˼䣬տ֮Ҳе̲סˡ
ǵǣӳЦЦѾˣаʾ˼
δ̫ʵáۿ˵͡ʣǵӳȭͷѡ˽Ϊôʡ
ˣһҪæ뿪ˡѩɫȥƽ̽ůʱӳĻԸտ֮
㡭
˵£Ͳ۵Сˡ˵۵ʱӳָָԼ˵С۵ʱָָտ֮
տ֮һ飬㻹ǲŹκһҵĻᰡ
δĿģȻȥӳͿˣٲ߾ҪϳȥˣҲֻ뿪
뿪ѩɫҪӳ㱨š
Ⲩȴӳܹ֮ģΪּ̫ܲġ
ּܲϳܽһ仰ӳں빬ݼ̫

 25 

̫󡭡
ϢȻͨǰʱӳڴ󳤹¶ûչּܲ
ӳɵ꣬ʥҲȻע
˵ҽҪҪװװɵ߹̺ӳѩɫ
Ҫİɣ֮ǰλôõĻŬһʵ˵ȥѩɫգգۡ
ӳָ֪λߣһЦе
ϣװɵ󣬻Ǳʱ½ġ
ӳͷҹҲǽҹȥһۣʼ䣬ʵҲδжҡϾ֮ǰλɲװɵɵɵûȻɺ
ѩɫЦˡ
ˣůǱûʲôӳʵ
ᵽѩɫ̲ס¶Цݣɫ
ȻҪӴ󳤹˵𣬲ƽ˱ӳҧгݣɻҪйůϡ
һңƽ·ΣڷеůŴôʰ
ӳֱÿůط
ȵĽƣҲûůֻ״С㡣
СѸոշͼӴһʵ⵹Ƕһˣʵ˵Ҳᱻըġ
һ⵱Ȼ̴̣ż׳ɱүůԺӡ
СҲæϣ׼֡
үʱڣλԺͨڶүƫƫüһҰ㣬ϲ¥ݡ
˵ȻҲ֪ԼУȥӣůû£Ȱס
ʱһڵس嵽Ժſڣȴסˡ
ˣͷϣϹˣҶ
Ȼǲɽ͸ѩĻ
ѩޱصٷˣѾЪˣκ˲ôš
һǵĹۿǰڡκˡ𣿡
ɽƳһۣκˣ˵˼ѵ㲻ˣ
ڳ˶һĹҸа壿
˲ΪԼˣӦ̸̺ҹ
ɽ͸ѩ˿Ϊ
ѹܼҸҽҪôеˣŭٽм˸Ѻȥʮ壡
ܼҺܿһ·СܹԼŭĿӵĺˣﰵ̾һ䵹ù
ģôʲô߰˶УָŲɽ͸ѩʹܼҡ
ط˵ĻǳģСҲܼȻֱ˵ŭתΡ
˷Ӧԭ˾ӳеġˡӳ󵼣ΪѾߣȴԭһǿ׳
ʱҲϵˣ˵ʮˡ
ɹ涨һɱˣ˷豨ٸ˶ΥˣȨ˼£ٸһҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
ҪԼҵˣʹˣҲȥ١
ӳģҪܲ£
Ȼͷϣ»ġ
Ӳܴ򣬴ԺӻҪģһ£̳ϡ
Сź˵ֱۣЦصſ֡
ոӳǰǰţѾȲ뿴ůקͷϳľˡ
ʮС㿴ս˲ܽ
ϵûսȷ˲ˡ
ϴֻս
һأɽ͸ѩԺúõվͷ˿ûңԺſһ򵱹Īơ
Ŀࡣ
ŭ𣬺һʮˣƣȫҲǶ֡
ָϲߣִ򲻹ҪǺã
ӳһٱ顣
ƫƫܼʱ򻹻Ͻͣˣɵʱ˵λÿҪһӣ⡭
ۿûô׸ߣܼҸɴͳû׸˺ˡʱɽѩڳ˵ŭȻǳȥġ
ǻʱȥ㱨Լͳ˺˵ĳͲܼҲЩƵС˼
һС³ҵֻʮ
Ȼĸ˽²˰ΪʮҪΪѺүЩŮΪÿŮŮ̫Ļȥа
ÿ٣С㲻ͨ񣬴ʱʹܼҵ
С㣬ÿһӡ
һٱôȥС㲻˼ؿŲɽѩ
ֻܴһٸһ˶ôˣһ׬ءɽ߼
ӳˣһ޳ܡСš


 26 

ƽ˼乷֮Ļκ⻰Բɽѩ˶Բʹ
˰ΣԷûӦԼüֱҪ裬ߵֳ⣬ʱ侲
ΪǽȥԺӾû취ʰˣδ̫˰ɡ
ź˵ʾ⣬͵ůĶǲиˣͷ϶иԵҧۣһ֪Ǳ˳ʣµġ
˴˾٣ȻǹůģԼĶ¥ƮţҲůһͬţʲôɹ˼ɵġ
գĿĲ͵㣬ȻҪԼҶСһء
գѰɫζȫĲɫ򿪳ʳпһ۱ӵһ߲ᡣ
ЩȻǷɺ¥ģӳԷɺ¥Թ֪֮˴Թ˵СҪˬӦ£Ըֲˡ
ʱĸɫĿϼڲˡ
ķһֳڵ䣬ɽѩòͣȻӦʡϾҲùܼҷԸȥˣ͡
ʱһСѾߣڴ͵͵ؿò͡
ȻǺģΪԺɨѾߣԽʱɽѩ˶û
Ȼ뿴ůŲиһίľ
ȻСѾ߿ľ͡ί˿մϱߡ
ʢĲʽǿžߣᣬ˳ſһĴӴıС
СѾ߶پмͻȻһ
æ£±˷֡
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ֻǹ۲ˣ˶һۣҲ³⡣
ɽɺ¥ĲȹȻζѡ
̫˵ĸѩ˼ҲӻǰȻǾľ¥
ɺ¥СѾ߰⻰˶Уɺ¥ĴȻģǮȴġʱһĽ
ûٶС뿪ȥ˵Ժӡ
ɺ¥Ҳ𾪣ȷû
СѾʵҡҡͷطˣ϶û
ůѾͷţһ˿ûЧ˼ҿ׼ںǵֶΡ
ί⾰û˼ҳԵÿġ
οɺ¥
ɽѩĶԻûа׷ѣɺ¥ֹȻú˸Ϊջ
Ͼɺ¥ӵտɱǺǿůЩиˣ˼ҲûţԵøˡ
ûɷɺ¥Ͳŵ⣬ֻΪůԤϣǰ˳ȥġ
Īһֿɺ¥ļ۸֪ģůһ׾ݣԵһΣԲɣ
ƽůĲؿɼһߣ˶ֱǳΪٷˡ
˵öԣ侲ЩԸҾͲˡ
ůˣ˹۲˼죬ÿͲ͵Сˡ˸СˣȷʵǷɺ¥ˡ
ůôӣ
˻û˼Сˣƾʲôů÷ɺ¥ĲȣúСȴûУ
ͷۣһ߰ŮһҲòƽԼŮûеĴůǸѾͷƾʲô
ůиĽ㣬ȻȢţӦж²ǡ
̽Ե˸ȥůԺﴫÿշɺ¥Ĳ͵øС㡣
Ҫ󣬿ðѴһ١
ЦһֻǸģĹΪʲôֻҪٷ˻һ䡮֪ˡҵˣ̻ȥ
˵ţͶůͷ
ž۸ůˣɽ㽫ȥ֮ʣůˡ
ˣҲ֪ˣˡѴ
ůһûǿӲģһʱҲһ
˺󣬺ˤ˸豭
ָ˸⣬ȥءͲ͵Сÿչ̶ʱƫ⣬ɸ˰סůȥȡͺеˣɸ˰С˵Ĳͺнӹ
ƻִеò˳С˾ȻˣκȥѾκƭҲҪֵȵĳ֡
ƻʧܣ뵽ҪҪů壬ȥɺ¥к˵ҪͲˡ
תһ룬̫ˣԼˣůѵǸɵӲ֪ȥɺ¥һʣ
ʵ޷֮ȥƽ״ϣóϹ̶ܽϱƽֵֻؿһۣôԾô£
ƽԼķʵڶĪ
ͷۣɴͲܳʳˣ辶ұķʰů
ůҲûԺﲻֻÿ밲ش˸ѩúûϷ
УϽѵһأѵůѵ̫ãɽǸ첻ߵľͻʱ䴳ѳԺ£Ҫٷ̻Ժӡ
Ȼţȥס
ԼĶӣůɷȥѵκλүͲؼңһĸҪ˸ֳˡ
˱Ķͷۣʵ޷ֻʹ˿۷ľС
׼˿ůԺΡȵķ˵Ǹɫλˮһ㱻ͽůԺӡ
ʹ˼Ҳ£˼ҲӦ֮
֮࣬öԷЩ£ʹСֶζѱˡ
µ񣬺Ļ²ӳеãﷴǧٱ顣

 27 

֪ůǱ£ӳʱ
£̫ǵҪ
νҪģλĴ𣿡ѩɫһɫȹʣеġλָȻǴߡ
ãһʧľͺãӳش𣬡ڴ󳤹µϾһ£ο⻻ɫɡ
ѩɫӦ£һɫȹ׼üֻҡһԶ˺챦ʯĶ׹
ȹǾйŮΪװ磬ֻӳÿİˡ
òѵЩģױ޵ȹӸǹʡ
ӳɫ޵ģ޵װҲǲȥǡôسģĵԽݻ
ӳҲȷʵһƫȹ޵ӣһŮ֮Ҳ˺ɫȹ
ӳͣ
ѩɫȥȴˣ㵽ʱҲڹңֺαһˣģӦˡ
ӳ򶨸Ⱦѩɫߵͷ˸С
ʹķʻȥѩɫĿ뿪̾ʲôϵǴδ¶⡣
ϣƺǿӲηѣƾһƣһǰ
ʱӳȷʵûʲô⣬̫˵ʲôˮڰˡ
ܿŴӳڳ˰ΣиŮڡ
δ˵ʲôһ·ĬŸ湬Ůһ·̫ڡ
̫󲢲ֻǲ䲻ȵؿڣҿһûˣʱæʲôأ
̫Ļûûæʲôӳ״
̫һû˵Ǹտ֮ﶼˣ
֮ǰǳ£Ϊһˡһˡ˵ӳ˶٣ĽǶȺܺõ̫󿴵΢Ȧ
̫ˣ֣֣ǰ˵˵Ǹˡ
ǣӳ˳ߵ̫ǰػտ֮Ǹһżһʱһðˡ
ɵӣ̫ʾ£֣ⶫʲôòõأ
仰ӳﺮ΢̽ңҲҲִˡ
ĪҪǫƷò˭ܲأ̫˵տ֮Ѿǳ¥ŮӷֿˣҲǶأ
̫䣬һߵĶһ춯ĸŮСŪġ
ӳ΢ȴ¶ɬЦ⣺˼ǣ
˵δǣտ֮жףɼҲǸгϢģҲû㡣˵仰̫ӳɬ֮Ũ⣬ֵ⣬ұտ֮н̽̽Ŀڷ硣
Ȼӳ̫Ȼտ֮
ԤϣӳҲеĵЩ⡣̫һֱֳ谮ģ̫᲻֪տ֮ʲô
Ȼ֪
ֻǱǰǸǼưٳھȨĳʵ۶Ը⿴һΪġġԵġ׿Ƶӳˡ
ӳһ˲仮ǧͷȴ¶˿ֻǴ׵л̫Ըȫ仨⣬ˮȴ飬棬ΪȨƱ񡣡
̫ӵĿ⻮ԭտ֮йж
ǵȻӳ佱ţɡտ֮˫ѧڣΪһ¥ŮĿҪ˵һһĶصжء
˲ٻӳ˷ӣڲٻտ֮ȷ衣
Ĳʿ˼䣬ӳ´μտ֮һҲˡ
ԣ̫Цô飺ǰҾͲˣ˰˵Ե
ǣл̫
ҿʲô̫ĳѵʵҲŻ£ǵ˶֪տ֮һҸµжʵڼѡ
̫󲻶ʾʾҪסտ֮ӳҧҧл̫ġ
̫ʵعɰѲ˰ɣ
ӳ䣬¶׹⻬ֱֱۣϹȻûǿźɫӡǡ
ɵӣûûֵģô͸أ̫ϧӳûдһ֮ɫ
ǳ¡ӳ΢΢ף֮ǰ֬סعɰȻȷľ
ˣԣ̫ʲôƵģ֮ǰعݼң˵ݱܽ˶
Ȼǿ˵ġ
һӳʱɫ΢˽                        
лҪ˵ҵԤġҴĵĸ籾ӭղѽ~
İһӰӹ˾ڹ˾ڳһŴ޾籾
Ϊ籾иɫͬ籾עЩ
ύĳ籾У纵Ůӱݺ޸һӡ
Ȼҵ䣬бϽҵ
纵Ľۺ죬Ӻ纶㼸ȶݺδ˸³
籾ϼģϼ⣬Ҫ޸ġ
ܿύ˵ڶ档
ڶУ纳ڻңͬ޾飬ͬҵͬĽۺ졭
ڶ籾ӶԽȻ⣬˺ıɱ纣ɹλԴ˺ң
ϼϵ¼ֵۣҪ޸ġ
ǴŶԱ絭ͬ˯ģԼ˾籾Уλ޵纡
ǣ֪Լĸ籾Ҹһĵһ棿ıɱĵڶ棿ûüĵİ棿

 28 

ӳɫ΢죬̫ʱûпǷԸŮع
Ƭ̺߹̫ɫֹδκ
ҽͳڰҵϣ˳Թ̫ӣ֥ȴԵ޷֣˿ϧ
л̫ԳĲԹߡ
Ӳ̫ȻӳԹʱЦøˣûԹ߾ͺãأ
ȻԹߡ
ӳ̾˿һԤϣ
Ȼڴ󳤹ƽĶԻ˹У̫ɡ
λȨأƿ£гϹʱķʢ֮ơǵ䣬˵ӢҲΪ
ӳºһȻǻʵۺ̫Ը⿴ġ
ҲǵϹʱûɽ¶ˮȻһĲʱ˭Ҳ֪
ʵ֪Ҳͻ취ӳס
ԣ̫֣ӳ˵Щ׶ͷ
ܵһ壬ܼ򵥣Ч
عӳ̫˹ơ
Ǽƣڿ̫ľ֡
̫Ҳ̫ǿóֻҪĿĴﵽͺá
ӳ¾̫ίʵǶһ٣ûнҲʲô֮顣
ߺĿḶ́ӳֻ˵﷢䡣
һеλĴأ
ӳ̫̥ضһۣ϶΢Цһʱ䣬նԵ
̫һͬò裬ԻΪˡ
̫¸ˣ㲻Ըӳͬദǻʶˡ
˵ĸ˻ԻͷݣολȨصˣѡô࣬ջô࣬ӳһɫأ
̫߻ӳӳȷʵϲϳ˵ġﻨҲˡ
֪⣬ܶ¶һ䣬ӳͻá
ЩĹŮʾϰ죬Ҳ˼
ƫƫ̫һܳĹΪ̫󣬾ͺܰżӣʲô¶棬˵
ʱ򣬽֪ӳԵ
ԣ̫Ըӳߣƽ˵˵ơ
ֻϧ̫ˣ˼ɵ
Ϊһ´µģͺܺá
뵽̫Цݸ˼֣ԸߵĹŮȥĵĶ
 
̫ڳӳסǰԶ
פ㣬߽ſڵؽ黳˼֮£˵֪Ϥ
ҲǡӳԼסҪ˵̫ɳ˳ĹŮڽǰʵڲö˵˵ͷǾлعˡ

ӹгӳڱϣ˿
̫ķӦһǹˡ
صУѩɫӭΣ
ӳ㻹ʲôĵģ
ѩɫЦЦǾͺãΪܻһҪ
ʲô£ӳü
ƽ˸ոˣ뿤չһ𡣡
ϴζôĸˣǾȻûģӳƬ̣ƽʲô£¶ǶԴͦҪ
ߵֻƤ̫ˡѩɫ䡣
ӳЦˣ˵û
ǿҪȥƽһ𣿡ѩɫʡ
Ȼܶսҵķ񡣡
ѩɫдˡҾ֪ЦҪķѾ׼ˣ֤ϻ˫ƽ˵ۡ
ӳЦſЦ
ôѩɫȥʰ˵ʱһҪǼη㵱ҵ𣿡
ֻ˵ãѩɫӳЦᣬУҵСʱ˵Щ벻Ҫǰظһú߳ܡ
á
ˣڶӳǴѩɫ׼õȹ
ȥ̫û㷱ʯǧްٵȹĹ䣬ȹڼڼԼԼż˯֯дԵӯһա
޷żֻ˿׹顣
ˣѩɫһֻҡӳķٺֵȥǰɡ
û⡣
Ȼӳһ˺˵ߡ
үļӿλã̲סֱӷ˺ݺݵصӳһۡ
մӣעӳͻȻЩý͸ƽˡ
ƺѾ֮ǰĲ죬ذӳӭ
ӳոûȵϲ裬ͼһѾߴҴ߹ϵˣƽүˡ
ӴүôͻȻˣһԴɲ𣿡
׾ӣдǿӳ


 29 

ӳүˣܶ಻òͺһ˵仰Ȱ
ӳЦЦؿð
Ӧϰ˿
˶ˣӦҲвӦķӡ
ʱһʮӱ˽ò̫ֻ͸һ塣
˿̣էӳϴѵıС
ô˰
үӳһ񣬽εεùƽˡ
ϼӳ̬мƲƲ죬濴Ϲƽأԭǹߡһ̽εεعˡ
촩ôÿԤϣƽİɣ
񡣡ƽˣĶˣ˼֡
Ѿϲ衣
ӳյڱᣬ漴ط£ĸҲҪҪĹ֭
ϱͻҪŪӳڳǶÿҪŶӣһһصðʱˡ
ӳ˵վ˵ǣҲΪѾĸͻظԼѾȥˡ
ӳ쾡¡
ѾͷĸҲû˵򣬲ǹ֭𣿡æЦĸȥ򡣡
ãҪ֭֭ӳתƽүҪʲôζģ
ͿһͺáƽӳǵԼĻŭš
ϷԸѾߣתͷı飬پۣƺȫӳոյкβס
ҲΣֻ
ˣĸ
ϸ¾ӳڻǿһЦݣʲô£
ϴγŵҪҵĶ˿أ
ҧӳеĶ˿ǰܹɽ죬ʮ־£۰ƽĴұ֮һһֻϱõô꣬û͹ϼٸϱġ
ӳôһ˵϶ʱһʲôʱӦˣ
ӳ죺ĸ˵ˣֻҪҽͣӸҵģȻ˵㻰ˡ
ƽЩؿϣʲôô󣬱濤Ǯˡ
ӳĸ׳ⶫ˿Ȼӳĸ׿˵ġ
ʵϣӳ֮ĸΨһֵܹʱδȢףӵϺүɴԼŮġ
ӳĸ׼һҪӣΪһʲô죬óȥġ
ƽû˵ʲôұֻΪĸֻӶԸ
ƷѣЦҼǴˣȥȡ
ɴ˻ӳ͹ƽദ
ӳûڹܷߣĸѾȥȡˣͷһأȥҪ˵ŮĲ£ָʹĸء
㻹Т˳һ飬ֻ÷ԸһߵѾȥãСѾЩܲŵȵӳ뿪
ȻŹƽӳģҲ⣺үȮӵĲ¡
ܲƽĵնӷ¬Ĳ䲻֮ͣǰү鰲˸ò£ȴΪֵʱ˶Ź˾ˡ
ƽΪӵǰ;ǲģò׹ƽ˿ڣֻҪܵõӳͰѷ¬Ž
޶ϲûʹӳ͵Ӧˡ
ʲô£ӳĸȤز졣
ĺȥƽƺģʱ͵ƽĵմӰŽ
磿ⲻʰɣӳһ仰Ϻ޲˹ȥס졣
Ŷ˵˵ôʣƽȤʵ
ȣӳѾͷͰЦ⡣
ǰòҪĶʱͰЦӳתͷЦЦؿϣĸҵأȥѾ·𣿡
ۿǺȥˣϵϣȥߴĺѾͷøҪôã˳ֳûȥˡ
ӽҪϱģԼҲסʱóСӻλﰲοԼ
ôһӺܿ͵ˡ
ӳ򿪺ӣ˿⾫µĽͷֽӵݸϣ֮ʵĸҴϡ
ϲ鲻Ըڹƽע¸ӳӡ
ĸǲǺңӳգ֮໹һϡ
䡣òϣӳֻӵӣԼ̫ˡ
ãˣáƽһԳ޵
϶ʱˡ
òװƽ뿪Ŀڣȫӳ
뵽СӵĲ£ǿ̽ӳùƽô´棬ͬİɣ
ðӳˬӦĸ´βүƽݷãǵ֪ͨҰ
㻹Ըһϲ漴һǣ㻹Ҫƽ
ǰȻĸ˳ó˵Ҳġӳϵ
ϣǻллˡ


 30 

Ŀ, ӳ
㻶ּӳһϵӣ̽ͷ˾ĸ, ո˸㣬̫ǰҽ˼ҵ˼, ׼Һտ֮ͻء
Ŀɿڴ
ּӳһɬЦţĸ, ҵϲ𣿡
ֻȥ˺, ̫Ҫͻ飬Ǻʲô
׸ȥһ֧Ӳ˵û׼Ὺƽ
һ, ƽǣߣ̫Ǳּͻ顣ƽ᲻ΪڹϷˣ
ӳʻˣŶͷֻüӳһ, ԼͷĿҲۡ
ƽظ϶ôһ˵ƽҲЩӳ, ǹˣǵİɣ
ϣŵ, Ծǹˣǵġ
ƽֳ˼Ƭ̣˾˵Ҳδ棬ȥ̫˼, дͻ֮⣬ҲֻȥƽǸˡ
ûأڴʡ
Ǿͱĺˡƽл˿֮ɫ
 
ӳȻ֪ƽļƻҲµȥ̫˼
˵ͻĻǴһҲûָƽѻʹ֡
Ȼ, ûգͽӵƽӣĵնӣҪȢˡ
ն¬Ҫӳȥģλǰ̡
ӾȻҲӳЩԨԴǰЩӣھ¥ҹ鷳½졣
ӳʱ֪½൱ʱǼ䡰񲻹һŵңҪ޽ģƽʲô߹ΣԺȻȲˡĺָԭƽ
ˡӳˡ
ѩɫҲ̲ס²ۣȺ֣۵һȥˡ
²۹²ۣӳǴȥ磺˾˺;ĸȻ˷ӿأôʧ
ɫװΣѩɫ񶾵س⣬޹䣬ķͷ⡣
ãʹǼɫɣҴʲô½ķͷ
ѩɫЦǺˡ
ֹ˼գ͵˷¬׵ӡ
ʵ綨µģҲ緢˳ȥѹûӳġ
ǿǵƽҲμӻ磬ֲһŸӳ
ЩӳȻµõҲ⣬ֻ˿Ȼ硣
ƽίʵ̫ˣֳҲĵλӳŵĩ
ӳȻƽЩʵϣҪǵŹƽ£Ǻ޲ðӳڸϣͼϲ¾ʳؤǰһ
ӳʩʩȻһ˺Ŀ⣬治ɫضһĺѾ߷ԸҲҪȾƣһʹ֭
Ѿ⡭û׼ʹ֭
ǾȥǺˣûʹ֭뿪УϵĵҲϲҵһ¶ţҲһˡ
Ѿ߲ʶӳ֪ĩŵĶǲӵĿˣӳĩҪһʱǲʶô
ٲܺӵĿˣҲһѾܵģ£ȥ˻㱨һ
üЦؽΧǵĹϲϤҪ󣬶ͷһĩŮӣò
ǡ
ӳϴＷ֣ת뵽ɷļƻ侲һɡ
Ҫʲôû׼ľó˵ľͳȥ򡣡
һӳҪͨͨˡ
ͬŮ;ؿôģҿɲƽÿ͡
һӳͲµƽϯλţǰĩ˶ˡ
ƽôţȻ⼸˵λߣҲµǾˡ
Ե˵ĵˣӳЦô棺λҪʲôģѾȥá
⼸λҲȫûƽ֡㶹ơ߼бÿ˻òһ
ѾΣֻȥԸ⼸Ŀ
ֻصߣӳ֣Ѿ߿־ضʲôҪ
ȴûӳָ̧Žӣ鷳ˣ⼸Žͳ˷˰ɡ
ӳƽǣȻڸһѾ߹ȥ
СѾߵ˽ӣʱϲЦտ㻹ʲôԸ
ûˣӳЦЦ㡣
áСѾߴӦһ˵һһԡ
ڵȴʽʼĹУƽӷ·ĩӳͷϵĶ˿ݺݵصһۡ
ӳһЦݡ
һиİѾ˹յӳߵԺһ𡣡
ˣӳüð·ɡ

 31 

Ѿһ·ӳԺ, ԽԽƫͣһС¥ǰ
˾ڶ¥ſ
ӳ¥˿, ڶ¥ʵǹƽΣˣһܴʮ
˶¥Ѿָķ䣬ڿһ, ոȥ, 춯, ԭǹһѾš
ӳۼֿ죬ֱߵĻƿҹȥƿδ׹ϵ, Ѿ߽Ųŵʧɫ
ĴƬҲõż䣬ֹʱš
ʲôӳ߹ȥһϵͭ, ЦЦضѾߡ
Է񶢵ûڣûûʲô
㲻˵ĸأ
һ㵽뿤ȴѾߵͷӳıӡ
ĸ;˾˶֪ʱϰ䡣ӳͻȻת⡣
ǡ𣿡Ѿ߲֪ΪͻȻ˵
˵佫ƽʹһ, Ĳ»ܳ𣿡ӳһת
Ѿ߶˶ҡū˵ʲô
𣿲ɣӳü, Ҫѡŵùˡ
Ѿ߶øˣֻҽʲô֪
ĸֻΪʲôҪأӳ, 㲻ΪѾߣҪ;ĸ˵
ûҪţֻſ
ð, ѵϵƬʰһ¾°ɡ
Ѿ߲ͻȻ˵Ѹʰ䣬ֱƬһ˿ڣӳûпڡ
ѾߴʰƬŲɵ뿪ˡ
ӳ󣬵Źƽĵú˵ãǸǿǾȴһ˵
˰ʱ䣬ҲӰ
ӳе㲻ͷˣɴ¥¥µĴŹȻסˡһԵĴӣƲƺҲˡ
õܣʲôãӳţҲܹס޸֮ĽС㣬˵زסԼصסƽֻаķݣ
ƽ֪ʲôԭ򣬻ûг֡ѵ˾˾ĸѧˣͷۻùƽԱһʧ
ӳûļˣɴ೭ϵİҿ˸ӣӴ뿪ˡ
ںԺһȦӳջǾȻϣ߳һξ룬ȴһ벻ˡ
ôˣ˺Ȼع
ϯҿƽһֱض뿪ķ򣬰κҲǸ뿪ˣҲģ͹ͣңź˼䣬ż뿪ˡ
ԭס˹ƽӳ룬ӴȥںԺƵһСȦպú͹ƽˡ
ʹˣӳҲͷȥ
㵣ңӳ
κһŮӣҶġûʲô顣
ӳ̾һ㣬δǸѵõֱĺˡ
ƽɫ⣬βκһŮӣǶȥ
ǵˣӳԳлл㡣
񡣡ͷ׼뿪Ȼ£Ҳ˼ҵĺԺһΡ
ӳסЩ飬ĺܱǸ
û˵ЩָĵЩ
Ȼ֮䣬֪
ƺ˵ʲôȴʲôû˵
ﲻ˵ĵطпգЩԹ˵
Щؿһۣջǵͷá
뿪ˣӳԭվһҲصϡ
ϼ֣˲͵ı͵ɴ۾ܺõӳ
ƵƵ߿һѷΧϲֲ뿪
صλϣ½ִչôӢ۾ɹ𣿡
˵ҡҡͷûƽҲҲ´ˡ
½°ͣҲδأվͻԣ˵͹ƽ˽»棬Ҳ˷ųҲ˵
ü
˽⣬ῴϹƽֺɫ֮ͽ𣿡½ʡ
ҵ˽⣬Ȼᡣش
水Ҷ˽⣬ǰҲÿտ֮ˡ
տ֮¹Ƥ£ʲôˣ롢֪µĽŮܻῴ壬ӳôᱻɱεأ
տ֮ǵ׾ӵֶκαװƭùӳĴˡ
½ִ˼ôģ
Ҳֻ֪Լ
ϣ˵һжһᡣ
ľȻڴԼ                        
лҪ˵ллӪҺ10ƿ~

 32 

һ, ӳͶϳ˰Ŀ뿪ˣȻ֪ʲô
ֱڶ죬ڵʦ
ӳ֪, ϵŮƽĵС㷽ʫˡ
ԭʫ˵ĸҪûĻӳ͹ƽ, ڻ, һһ뿪, ̲סȥ֡
֪ĸļƻ¶ȻҲԻڹеŮϸ˵
, ʫҲֻΪӳƽ˽ᣬȥһλһԼԸı㡣
û뵽·˹ƽع̸ȶһȵ˷ֿ, ĸ˹ƽ
ƫƧС¥ǰƽͳԿףŵ, ʫﷸֹ, ⵽ʲôƽôǺԿס
С¥ΧתưΣҲû洫ʲô, ȴһȱƻ˵Ĵӡ
ʫһʱ𣬱Ӵڷ˽ȥһ·¥ͻȻһ˫˵ֱס, ϽС
ƴ޸֮ĽС㣬ͻȻĹƽˣС¥类֧ˡ
ʫձƽۡ
ʵƽһС¥Ȳطʳ˵ҩ
ҩ˷ܾˣȴûƽ򸾸֤һڴ˴ӳ
ſнŲΪӳˣͰ˽·ˣŷŪˡ
ҩˣʵͣס
ʫȻԶӳòʤ὿ۡҩһʱ嶯ɴཫʹ
ϵĻӳ΢΢˱ۣһʱӡ
֪ҾȵȡȻƽ汧ǿ˼Ӧݺʰһٵġ
ΪƽĵŮʫСŰ衣ӳսʱٳͻ
ӳദһ򲢲죬ҲϲãûķʽһŮ
Ϊƽƽ֮£ӳƽСʩͽ䣬Ҳмַʽ
ڵҪҹƽ鷳ҿ԰㡣
ҹƽ鷳ϷʣΪʲôҪô鷳Ժʫ޹ȥĻкùӳԣ
ÿμ棬ӳĸֲŪĿࡣ
ѵ÷˹ӳ˵Ŀɿڴ
޹ȥӳţǿŮ㻹ҪŮ޸
վ˵ۣûʫѾˣڹƽԸ⸺ʫܼ˭
˳㻹ܸ绻λǰɣӳϡ
ӳʲô˼߳ŭʫҵŮѵһ᲻ۣҪ㣬±÷
˼ǿıҲŶ԰ɣӳȻҲžΪָң㣬ú룬ѵǷ޵İ˼Ůϣ

Ҳףʲôʦӳһ߽ϱƵúһʱû뿪ΪǸ޸֮ŮӣڱƽǿȵľҡδǣȴָңǲǰεССֻ֣ЩֶΣ
ϵɫһһӳԼŮһʱ±˹
ӳôһ˵ŷӦ¶ǸӳƵȦףֻ˹ȥʱʣʵû
ĸֻҪԸ⣬ҿԸƽӳֱƽһѾ޿ˣ˾˵Ĺ٣ÿɲôɾ
ϲŵؿ㡭㡭
ţͻȥʾ˾ˣǲΪͯѧʿǼ£û֪ӳĮƽǰ飬Ժ󲻻ˣңٳǰҶġ
ȷʵŵˣ֮ǰν棬ӳԼӳȥʱţҲûбŵ
Σȴӳƽļ仰סˣûӳ¶Į
޶˾˵һжġ
Ķӡ
뿪ѩɫ̾˿ܣƿȴԼŮ˽ȥ˻ģŮôݣʫų£ǾѾ˼޹ȥˡ
ôۣʫǶһŷˣã绻λҲΪƽ˺󣬻ЯЯƽӳЦ
ǿ治Ϊ˸ĸѩɫ
ӳͬ¶ǷϣĸѾѹƽͷˡ
뵽Զݵĸĸӳ
ǰһҲ֪ǷټĻᡣ
ޣôԼѩɫ룬˵Ҳ֪ʫԼôġ
Ǻ֪ܿĴ𰸡
պһ˫ĿסǱŮãһӳ͹Ϲǰ㣬ңҲ޸ƽ

 33 

ǱŮ, ȻƽĵŮʫ
ӳ̾˿Ѿߴȥϴ·
ʫ뿪, ѩɫʵ
뵽Ҹ߿һ, ӳ̾, ˶˵ĸ֮Υ, Ψһ·ˡ
һʫһ·Ѿˡ
ӳ, ÿڣ˰ѩɫ뿪䡣
㣬ǰҵĴҲú㡭
ӳִ̧Ļǰ, ҲƽϣᣬҪµ¡
ʫˬؿżɽ, Ȧ˺죺, Ϸ£˵˰ɣ
˵ˣҶԾĸ˵, ҿ԰ƽܾˡ
ʫҧҧȻҪܾ¹ƽڲȢҡ
㡭ӳģӳʡ
ǣӳģʫ޺޵, 鷢һֱڿޣίûгԱӵҩһˣȥĸףȥҩ͸׵ĶԻ֪Ҽ޸ƽ

һʱ嶯ȥǶʣǺԺҺ˻ȥ˭֪ڶ죬ҷҳԺˣʫԳЦһҲֲﶼõҷҩȴ벻ǰͲһϺӣǴӹƽﻻô
ô˵
ʫЦǸɩ½죬ϴߥޣҵĳҶһסӣɵû⣬½ĸҸô˵׵ʱ׷ڡ
½˻ǡһ
ӳĬΣڵҿ԰㡣
ʫ͵̧ͷ
ӳּҪãһҳ֣Ҳûзڵˡ
ˣʫնҾ޸һùǿˣҸĸһֱ˵Ѿʧ֮Ժ󲻻˿ȢңһӲˣҲǵԸ
ĸĸֵܣԺ󣬾൱ں˾ˡ
ʫ˱ۣ֪ұѡǿڿΪҺãʵΪԼ棬ҪұϾ·
ӳΣãæҰˡ
ʫ֪Ķˡ
ƫӳʱվڽֿڳ˺ܾá
ȥһ۰Լľ˾˻С̣뵽ǿܻе̬ȣ
һ۰أĸֳƽʱĸһ谮мӵģ
漰Ĺؼʱ̣һס
˾˺С̻ҪĻΪΥĸԸ
ԸȥǸ𰸡
գѡȥҺһ򲻶Ըıӳ
ĵӳƷ
ãĶˡ
סɣӳǴӳ顣
á
뿪ǰӳֽסʫ췢£Ĵ㸸ĸ͹ƽĴ
ʫĸû˵Ҳмָ֮⡣·ʧȥףͲǵ飬һѾϵӣʣļֵǱá
ƾһŭǣҲⱻֹ۵Ӱ죬Լϸĸĳ谮
ӳȴǳΨһһ˵Ĵˡ
㣬лл㡣ʫ֣ء
ƽ˵Ҳûɵ˾û̫ãͷ˷ʫӳ
ŵľȻ½죬ɸ̽ӳ̬ȣռڱԼ½ͳ̽ӡ
½һžֺӳ˽
½죬ɵ𣿡ӳ˵ûģΪһλöܺġһ棬ô㣿㻹Ϊ󣿺úԼǲ޷˲
½챻ӳˡ
½Ķλ˳Ҳûָܰѷʫȥ
̽ӳ̬ȱȽϼһŵƽˡ
˵ţӳѩɫʫ
һΣƽܿƺӳģ˾֪ǵʫʫҵŮѵһẦ𣿡
ӳЦЦŮӵΪʲô
֪ùƽ䣬ЩСﲻƽͣǻ˵ġ
ȻôãԼôޣþĸļް
ƽɫŤһ˲װû仰ʫҵŮȻҴãΪηҪ£
ҷҪܣִΣӳü¶ҹܶˣʲôֶ㾡ʹɡ
ƽΪҵİѱҾҪ㴦𣿡
ûҾôΪġ
ƽҭһ£ƺԼΪʲôǶӳԹ

 34 

ƽҭһ, ԼĿģǷŻӳʫһȥ, Ը⣬ǿ
Ҳ֪ʫ᲻ţӳü, ҿдĻƭȥһ, ޲޾ɲˡ
ӳ, ôķʽ˾ˣ˵˿
ĶΪʲôҪظӳ˿ʣȻȥ, ʲôʱʫˣȥ֪ͨ㡣
㡭ƽŭдף̳ң
𼤶, ӳв̫ŵ, ҲСİͯѧʿµ³ȥô죿
֪ʲôΪвңƽ¶ı, һŮҶʲô֪µ顣
ʲô֪ģΪúأӳ¶ȶԷҪı飬֮޿֣޷Ϊݺͯѧʿǵ⡣
ƽɫ˱䣺㡭
ûıĻ, Եӵ飬𣬻ǸɴƵϣӳЦ˾ˣûϻᱣ㣿
ƽɫױ, κٿڣʾӳ˾˵ҲȲѡ
ӳЦЦؿﺬż
ƽһ̣ҪŭǿΪĹϵʥϲƽãͱʲôʥҡ
ڵõ𣿡ӳʡ
һ仰һ̣ƽ壬˲й
ӳȴʹ˷Źּ˵ûˣȻҲòŮˡ
㡭ƽ촽˲ʲôӣʥҪͯѧʿҲȲѣҲȲѡ
仰ظ飬֪Ҫ˵Է˵Լ
ӳһ΢
ƽعͯҵ£ô֪ô
ӳû
ȵȡƽʲôͯҵŮ̷˾ȴһҹ֮䲻֪٣ѵǽ
˾˵ʲôӳȻܳϣƽ°ѱ
ǡǡƽָ֮ǰѩɫϲ뿪ķ򣬡ѾߣѵͯҵŮ
ӳһʱ䶼ƽḻŪÿЦãȻǡ
ͯѧʿ֮Ůڽİ£գԶ뾩ǡȻѩɫ
ƽŽɣͯҵ¹ȥ꣬ѲǵͯǸСŮʲôˡ
һƽҲûټҪʫǴҴ뿪ˡ
뿪󣬷ʫ߳ɫǰӳʱϼ֡
ԣͯѧʿûǱҸݺģ
ӳΪѹǸǧټƭȥû뵽һ仰עľȻ
ǡ
ʫЩնȲ𣿡
ôȲѣӳûش𣬵ʫѾõ˴𰸡
ۿˣͯѧʿҸ׵ѣ˵ͯ˺ʱ仳̥һҪסǸŮҲŮˡ
ҺͰǺܺõѣʫּұ̷˾죬ҿȥײϣ˺ôĻ𣬸һ⣬Ǹ׵һζҶ֡
ӳ̾˿
֪ΪʲôˣʫŪЦЦҺ֪ҪҼ޸ƽʱҲûô
ӳĿʱóˡ
ÿ˶Ҫȳɳ
ȻɳĴ̫
û£ʫҲһӣĵؼ޸ĸΪѡĳŮһܸģʫ֪һ㡣ԿֵعһӣԶ֪׵ıӣ֪ڸĸУ飬Ҳ顣
ڹһǣѵ֪
ĸأ
еѡû˻ѡ߰ɡ
ʫûѡ
統ӳҲûѡױݣñ뾩òѸٳɳš
ӳ仰ʫЩ¶ʵңͯѧʿ֮Ů𣿡
ʳǡӳֻôش𣬵ʳסЩڵòûÿձ̹ǵĳĥ˭֪أ
ʫ֮⣬ۿֺ˺졣
ͯѧʿƽĻ𣿡ʫţʵ㲻ͨҲ֪ϣã
ģӳȴһ벻Ĵ𰸣һġ
ӳǰʹķ
Ѿ뾩ˡ
ûлͷķӿҪԴ˿ʼˡ


 35 

ҳ     
  ȫ   APP

ʱ䣺2020-07-29 11:33:03
 &copy;ѧ 鹹 ģ Ȩ Ȩؾ ʶĶ   

 36 

ƽһ᣺͵ȥ˵, ܸ˭˵̫ЩͲĹŮѣ˭㣿˭㣿
Ƕû˼ӳϾشӻͳҳֽݸƽ, ˾ȿ
ƽŭͷһ֮ס, Ѹٿһҳַһҳ, ֱʮҳֽȫּ
ӳ, ƽҧгݣȻд˻
ǰרҵʿд, ԺȤζһӳЦŵֻôҳʣµд, ˾˼ǵõһ֧һ°
֮ǰѩɫģλտ֮ơӳ˵İдòĻߣó
ʫ, ӳϵƽưո, ˿ʼʡʱֻ˼ҳ
Ȼó
Ȼ, иûᵽӣݺͯѧʿһȫƽһΪ֮
ƽǻˣȻ˸ͷҲ⻰ľȤζԣڽ, ղܡķУµȷкܶ๺
ʱ¶˵½֪ˡ
ͯѧʿΪ곯лͯѧʿһèĹԱǰ껹˰û֤Ϊѹȥˡ
Щ˻ῴ˵⻰˻ɡ
ûжϷǳҲ˼˰
ʱѹסЩԹ٣òͬʱôأ
ʵ۵ȻԸ⿴˰ȥ󵽲Ķ
ǻֱӸɴظƽ
ʱѵƽ̲ܶʹ½׮ݺǵ
ܡ
ƽɫˣһԵķʫʫ֪⻰˿׻ΣôΪһūţЩвĸף̨ΪҵŮѵкùӳ𣿡
ʫɫĮɫĮɱ˳쾭塣
ãããƽҧǰŮ
ӳ棺Ҫתƻ⣬֮Ҫʫһҵ
ƽһʱ򵨱ӳʱ˶
ûУءӳЦػشƺȫ⻰⡣
ʫȴȻؿ˸һۣҪʲô
㲻ʾͱҲ壬ƽʾĸţӳΪԼܴҸ㣬һͶͱ߳ƽš
ĸûһۣޱ˳˷ţɢſڵСˣԼء
ֻʣˡ
ʫţ֪Ǹ֮ˣҲû뵽׾ɱˡ
ǰòţףҪһɱ𣿡
Ȼᣬ㻹Ҫ޸ƽƽһۣȴûʲô飬Ҫ￴ţԺΥҵĻʱǵûһ´ʱ˿̡
ʫһһжܲʵ⼸ռ丸׵һٱţֱ˿̣޷Ϊѡ
ɺڣ֪Ͳñ˻ˮƽ׺һ޹
ƽһһƽӳ߾Ȼ˿ңȻżִݵЦ⡣
ʫ첽߹ȥӳǰƽµŮƿӳû£ʫÿ
ͷӲƽ
˵ʵû뵽һľ޴ϡӳ䣬վƽӣôΪƾ㣬ɱң
ƽûӦʲôѵһ죬Լͷӳţ淢һܽӴ
ӳȶˣ
ƽˣȻ˴ˣֵĻеŮӡ
ʶҪȻ佫УôѧģҲԶʤͨŮӡ
ӳȻͨŮӣһƽڵϣʶһ㡣
ֻûʹֻӵƿĿɿڴķʫͷ˿ûҵӳ
ûſĸĻɣײΪǺүڴˡ
ƽʵ˵ģУӳܼթȸĺһȭ޷ȵ
ƽѾûȥ˼ӳôֶ֪Źɵģòѵֻʣ²ͣЪذӳһһ
ΪҺһҼȻҹǰȻĳ룬ӳЦضӻһСӸȻ˾ˣǴԹȥʫһҵȻ뿪ǴЮͻΧȥ                        
лҪ˵ʫ˵õҪչʾһԵأ
ӳ˭˵֫Բԣ

 37 

ƽһ, ӳͷʫһ˼ǵһЩʫճƷȡ
ƽõ˻ʹ弰ܴݲеľ
ǴҸջһ졣ӳܽ
ʫ֪ԼҲزȥˣŴСĵط, ӳ仰ӲЦˡ
ԼǰΪʲôϲӳţ
ǴСʱʼĸͶڣԼŮҪáʱ, Ƿ, ϲ㣿ϲǱĽϵȨ
ڽδܵǻ, ѸٷͿɼһߡ
ŽԶݣӳʧھǹŮȦ
ʫҲôһ, ֱǰӳػؾǡ
ʱŮȦвٶԴ˵۵ģ˻ǵʱӳŵӡ׷ײ²ţ, Ҫβˡ
ûУطǵӳȻȻҧҲ޿κ, ȻǱܶ˷еĴڡ
ʫʱⲻ, ˣôƫ̫ϲھȻˮأ
, ˼ӳ鷳ΪˡҧҲ޿κΡСֶеһԱ
ٺտ֮ˡ
ʱٹŮܸӳûг, ¶Ƿ⾫
ʫҲ˵ǵ̬žǿһԼˣͻȻ䳾һֺ΢ˬаɡ
ٺӳտ֮һ꣬ĳղ֪˿˶ٴЦ
޷ָҡģһ¥ŮӵĴ硢ؤһ㵽Ҫӡÿ£Ǿ˶꣬ÿιŮۻᶼֵġ
꣬ӳδŮǳֵĳϡ
û泰һЩеСź
ֱǰʱ䣬ӳڴ󳤹µϡ
ǰһΪҵ˻ᣬڿʹֻˮ
ӳƺͲʲôСβˡȻţȻޡ
һѹȺƵ˱˻ȥ
ʫԶԶţǸϤӳ
οȻҡ
ʲôӳ˼
ûʲôʫһЦݣһۺԼĹȥ˸
ãӳƽŮ븸ĸһ£˽ͷβ
ƽ棬ֱԺϷʫТŮ
ҷ׷ײ²ӳʫʲôԻ÷ʫԸ븸ĸҲҪλѵıһ
²ķзӳʱȴƽ
˽ӵĿţ˵ͻˮʥʱȥò뾩ټ֮⣬ûκ鷢
ƽϢģտ֮Ҳûš
ѩɫ񶾵ز²տ֮٣һʧôãǱŻˮ׼ġ
ӳЦЦտ֮кδ㣬воˡ
󳤹Ҳ˵ӳͷʫ£̾ӳô£ԴǰһʱҪ㻰
⼸꣬еĻ⼸йأ˵ʮȷѪˡ
̾̾󳤹ɷһˣǲҪԼæ
ӳлĺ⣺һӦҪ鷳£һῪڡ

һʱദʫ˱һ档
ӳʵǸˣһֱ;˵ȥ档
ʫܸмͬʱҲΪԼδǰ;ܲһӳϳԱñġ
ӳס߳Щ´Ӱһаš
һҲӳ￪ʼ˹¶ִ󷽣ƾɶ¶Ƣ󣬼˶ʮ
һжͰؽš

ʱһµĴźճ˲佫ҵעӷʫת
л̫ĵŮлС㣬Ҫ޸¿ƽʿտ֮
лһǴңŮСؿģһһ˷Ϻǡ
˵ӡУлҵŮȢǷĸ֮ý֮ԡһ˵֮ˣҲ֪Ḹĸɸĸסôھ³ĵ
ˣСлޱ󵨵Ϊ˵˶ΪȣһЩʶʧķ衣
ңտ֣֮ʵǶꡣⲻǳӳղλ
տ֮ʲôһһŮ֮ͣ
ӳ˵֮ҲЩȡ
ϮŮҡⱾУŮ˼壬ָӦԱŮ
⵱Ȼֻһŵ÷󲿷ֹԱŮڴС
磬л̫ĵŮлޱ
ⱾУտ֮ûκν
ӳ΢΢ü˼¡
ѩɫһԸ̾ھ˶ڲ²⣬տ֮ʲôлޱǵ˶ء
䣿ӳ̧ͷɫأѩɫҵݰҪһλл                        
лҪ˵˼ǵ֮ǰһʴл
ллԵСʹǵ֧~

 38 

лҪ˵Ϊӽ
Ѽ, һûʲôɫ֣һûʲôɫˡ
С󶼺ƽҾͨ, ɼһ㣬ƽƫ, ѧ˸ͨͨĶԺУ
ҵ, ܲڴдƴĿ, صһСУһǧһµĹ
ݹûʲôǰ;ʤ, Ѽÿڵǰˢˢ翴С˵ӡ
С˵ͣһͨͨŮԽһɫŮȻ󱻸ɫ˻׷
ԣõĻʱ, ǿϲġƽ˶ʮ֪꣬ԭԼǹ⻷
ԥͽϵͳȥǱϮŮҡеǡտ֮
ⱾС˵, Ѽѡ˴ɳӳ
Ϊ, ӳʱˡ绪⼸֡
ϵͳӳΪŮ, ڽɱ³̫á
ѼѲΪ⣺ҹտ֮ŮˣôܲңģЩпǡ
ϵͳô˵, ҲȰֱӰдԽ
Ѽٴ󣬹Ȼͳλ绪ĳգż覴õľʱȫ಻סͷĿϲ
ž˰СʱѼԼڵģǰƫ֣˲ԱУƫƫûʣʳ̲裬һ䲻ˡ
һ֮£Ѽһ󼤶ӳǱΪ绪ˣֹĶô
ƽô꣬ڵõһŮ壬ѼȲȥúĸ̥˶ʮ꣬ѵˣһ˷ܡ
ԭδġϵͳ
ҿĴԽС˵ĸŮǲǺüΧתѼѲмһˣ˵δ򲻾ֻǸ𣿿ڵòû׼õ̫ء
̫Ӻӳáϵͳûʲô
ҲԣҼǵùŴǱÿԽ飬òУѼ˼£ϧˡ
ϵͳ˵
Ѽ˼һ󣬾ȥտ֮ϾС˵տ֮ҲǸ˧
һ֮£Ѽϲѣտ֮ȷʵǸ˧磬֮ǰϲҲˡ
²ϵͳ٣ͻؿʼ˹տ֮
Ϊӡ̵Ůˣ⻹ף΢֮ʱӼůɻڴˣȻҷϣǧٱرңܶС˵ﲻôд
Ѽš
뵽С˵տ֮ĵһŮӵģѼѸԼһ£ϲ̬֮ȥӽտ֮
չú˳տ֮ܿͿʼҡ
Ѽѵ󣬹ȻһǺ˸ǰֻǱڸˣڻ˸˵ô˧ͱֵ
Ѿʼ룬ܴܲ崩ִȥ׷Լϲǡ
ʱտ֮ͷһӣȥ¥ӡ
ѼԸ⣬ȥ֣ҪץƵ
տ֮ȴ˵ϲϲҪŮӣȡֵˡ
ѼѲϷֺտ֮
Ȼõӵտֶ֮ΪƬᣬʴʵӣտ֮ϡ
ӳĵֻܵ÷ƽܺˣɴӶߣһ㶼ܺ
ӳδѣԿݣ޷ֵذһıԺһҡ
Ϊտܸ֮øж˰ɣ
տ֮ǲΪʲôأǸƲǸŮôҪ
ֺտ֮·ԽԽտ֮ɫʱͿһ졣տ֮ʱͿ޿䡣
ϵͳе㿴ȥΪտ֮ӡ̵ŮˡδؾҪΪŮˡ
ѼȥֻҪտ֮
ϵͳҲְϱߵĴߣҲû
ЦǣšһȺһ治תش¹ŴһеѼѣĵһ˾˽ȥ
ѾǵԼˣֻõֺֻǸˡ
ڹŴòãȻ˴Ů壬˲͵ŻûάֶãͱԭͣǸԱСѼѡҲԼΪȹŴԽ۸Ҳֻ
ЩӳϣϾŮ֮ǵѡһõݣҲͲһŷ۸ˡ
Ѽꡣڼ䵹Ҳû˻ɹΪŹγħ
ѼѲ֪˭ŵģ£һԥؾͬˣʶƺܵ˹һ㱡ãûʲôغ
һʱ䣬֪˭ָ˵ڶħ
ΣϾܾ֪֮ʲôħǿнˡ
ãֻʶһʱ䣬޴󰭡
ȥˣһ˯ѼȴͻȻԼžӣžӳĳƽƫֵŮӣ˳
޹֮ϵͳ˵ֻԼʹŻǸ뿪ô£
ϵͳĮÿ綼һЩ־ǿˣӳڴУ־̫ǿհ塣
ѼЩţһŮôǿ־ô죿
ϵͳᰲŴ߽ݣ»صǸ硣α𲻼ʧܴ
˵ҲӳˣѼѾеϧϾô尡
ǵġ
ǺðɣѼѰοԼҲãӳ̫ˣθһټҵǧСɡ
ϵͳҲûѼѴԽ֮ǰӳǽĿѼ˼ҵ壬˼ҵǵġ
ֻ˵õġ
Ѽ˵ڶλᡣ
һɵģлҵĵŮлޱ


 39 

̫
յӳݵİ, Ѽôµ˭ˣ
ϵͳ²ۣлޱȥտ֮꺮ů˼лޱļ˶ʧķ, ӳµʲô֣
֮ǰѹ͵ȴӣϵͳҲٴѣֻ˵óô˻, ̽һûпǱ
Ҳ, ӳڵǴ, ûʲôµģѼѸԼ˹Ϊл̫ĵŮ, ſҪԹԷϣ
˵ϱռ꣬ӳҲʮ, ִҲǸϴѧ͡Լô˼ܱ꣬ḻɣ
ϵͳסûпڡ
ϵͳһ㶼ܣ˵ĵ߻ҪԼ취աѼֱԹ
ϵͳĬ
ѼҲǱԹ, ûָӦֻǽ˸Ѿ߹, ӳظͬĿš
Ѿ£Ѽ֮ǰģӳ뿪Щ¡
ӳ湻, ȻͿ֮ˣѼֻ˵ţǸүĵ̨ɿɲỤˡ

ѼҲϵͳĳĬ˵ţһò, ǰǸ˴ŪˣҼɨϰλ߹ݾȥúʰһٵģȻѾϻȥˣǻٺú롣
ϵͳѣרע񡣡
ˣѼѲͷذڰ֣˵ӳƴŪˣɰ˳ɺӳˣӳ
 
ڶ죬ѼѾͼĴӳ
Щ΢ˬǣǰӳλ˿Ҳǵģ
ӳͬʱӳҲڹ۲ 
һ棬ӳȷ֡
һǵлޱɲ㲻ò´ˡ
ЩҽŮ۲˶ǺģöԷ
ӳɫѼȿڣӳ
ӳ΢˫ۣлС㣿ϰĳƺ
ͽлСɣȻõݡ³ѼѸɴϡ
ҲûʲôϵıҪϾ֮£ӳ˵Ҳû˻š
ǰˣƺûʲôǸӳжϣռȵƺ̫ðɣ
ƨ£ѼѲΪ⣬ҾҪ˵
ǰ˳ߣӳжϣռ壬ҵһĴʲôӡ
ǴѼѱһţҶѾΪ̵ˣֻҪҵ·߼ȥտ֮ɻڴΪ㣬ҵŬ
Ŭӳÿ֮ȥһңȴȻòκγ谮Ŭ
ѵøãѼŭɾϲǸӵʲô취ĳ̫ˣϲҿ
Ų֪뿪տ֮ҹҲֹһΣϣܺһ𣬻ҪȢңҸϳȥˡӳЦؿƺǳء
ܣܣѼƭˣ
ƭ㣬»صҵ壬ȥɣ𣿡
ϹˣҪܻﻹݣѼѿڶ
ʹԼˣӳϲɫȴ˿
ǰѼѾˣȴûʹʲôֶΣռݱ˵⣬طͨ졣
Դ֪֮ǰһŷ۸£ӳд˲²⣬ʱӡ֤Լжϡ
ûʲôرǾûбҪ̫˼ˡǰ˺޳ǸԸӦѶȲ̫
ӳԶ
ϵͳԹۣǰֻѼѰ汾ӳȫһƤңӳȫͬ
ʾ̸ֹ£汾ӳվһż˶һ۷ֳ¡
ҪģǻϵĲࡣ
Ѽѱӳ׳ҪϢϵͳ̲ס̾һδĲ̫С
Լ󶨵ӳͨ˰ɣϵͳ̲סһ¡
˺ܶ飬л㣬Ҫ˵ʲôҲҪһΪҪٵҵӳڣ֮ȴʲôˣα˷ѿࣿ
ʲô˼һٵѼֱţУôտ֮Ժ󷢴ˣ϶ҵ黤ңڿɺˣˣԼٵһУ
Լ˻ң
ѼӲѼѲмԺɻڴʱͺȥɣ
Ҽ֪һУӳüϾʣտ֮зɻڴĻ𣿡

 40 

տ֮зɻڴĻ𣿡
㡭ʲô˼ѼãȻһ˲ŷӦ, ҪԸɣΪʲô
ҶǿǱˣ㲻ǣտ֮ķɻڴ, ǲ˭ʬϵİɣ
ǣǡǴѼҲ˵ӳҪȽĻ, ֻҪҵ·, տ֮һϯ֮, ҲͲԸѽ
ҲΪʲôҪҸ׵ѺһҲϣѼѵӳЦһտ֮ı飬ΪΪһŮ˷Ļ᣿
ɡ, ǣѼѶ֪Լ˵ʲôֻʶط
ҲǱ飬ӳͻȻ̾, ô࣬Ըıδ򣬿ֻһ, ҪԼһȫһֵεϡ
һҲû㶨
ӳδ, ֻЦһû˵ȥѼѾܵĳ֮⡣
ѼΪԼ⣺˵ɣֵ, ûδҺأ
Σ㽫ῴģӳƽ㻹лĻ
ҪʲôѼѾֵغҾ, ɱңлޱҲͬġ
ԭӳ˼
ˣˣѼæˡ
𼱣ӳɰסóһֻֽǷá
ӳ֮ǰȥ˶̩¥һˣõһ֮ǰĴлݷá
Ѽѿɴ˫ۣĺϵͳӳҲ𣿡
źڴ֮ҲͬЧġϵͳδ䣬ӳѾѼѵǰ
ϵͳѼѵŭһ׹Чˡ
ӳŲһԵһȥлޱصȥ
ӳæ˷סɺá
ȥˣͼϵת

лС㡣
λڴ˴лޱƺЩѣΣǼҪ
ӳסлС㣬ǵ⼸췢ʲô𣿡
лޱãȻ˼š
ӳ΢ЦЧλߡ
ûӳһлޱ
 
ӳתˣʱлޱĸ״Ҵҹ
ӳлޱлޱĸõǡտ֮ˡĽڡ
лĸŽɣͻȻִֵŮʵ޷ͬӳһԡ
Ժȵļ٣ʱŮʵޱ㻹޸տ֮𣿡
лޱãȻҡͷŮȻ룬ĸ׺γԣ
лĸһѱסŮͺãͺáʱ䳳ŷҪ㸸ײ㱻㸸ƶֻտ֮䰡
ӳϸ˵տ֮ơӳľл̫տ֮˵Ʒɡ
˵ӳҲŲµõлֲ̫鰮ŮΪտ֮ƵжŰлֻ̫ô˺ŮӾǽ֪Ϊʵḡ
лޱټĸ㼤ģȻ֪˵ʲôȻûʳڣֻ˵ĸףһͳ˵仰
лĸڿӳôô˳̴ۣӦãĸȥԸˣ뿤š
⵽ʲôô£ʲôտ֮ĸ˵ʲôлޱǰ˱Ȼ֪ࡣ
лС㣬㻹ǵǰһʲô𣿡ӳʡ
ҡͻлޱֵصɴ۾Ҳǵôġ
лС㣬ʱ䣬տ֮꺮ůҪ޸ӳԼࡣ
ôܣҸʶ
屻һҲ˵ʲôҳ֮Ϊһ꣬ռˡ
лСƽزŹ֮˵뵽ĸ׸ոյı֡ܲĸ׺ӳˣԼɣ
ӳѾ߷֡
Ϊʲôտ֮к֮
ΪռǸ꣬տ֮ӳ򵥽ͣûṥ¡
лСŭǾԼȥޣñ˵ô£ǻҵ
÷ֵüʱӳο
лޱϾϻۣܿ뵽ʲôȵȣտ֮֡䣬ӣտ֮ң֮ˣղѵҲ
ûȥΪӳϵıѾ˵һС
лޱûٱԹǸ㳹׻Ϊʶǰ˼ǸٵһС

 41 

Կ˵, µҺϷͬ¡лޱĿͼȥе𾪡
ֻɣ˲ȷǸ˿Ρ
ޱллСӳһѾʶ, ӳûмʱ֣ϻᷢʲô
ӳЦڹŮȦٴΣˡ̵ǵ, ҲӳЩŮΪ䡣
ոֻ˵Լտ֮꺮ů;ί, Ҫڳ, ŸովͿ޳ˡӳأûӳжίжޡ
Ǻʱлޱʣжã
ꡣ
лޱһ
갡һ, ʱ֣Ѿˡ
ί޴ߡ
Ա˽ĻƶһΪ
˭ţ
лޱովš
ſ밲οӳȴʵڲ֪δǡ
ӳͼ, ЦЦû¡
ʵǳܼлޱһ䡣
ӳЦЦû˵
κҪҰæޱȻ
һһҪлСæ⡣
ޱ, лСʵ, ʲô£
˵Ů䣬տ֮ڣһʱ֪ͨҡ
Ȼ, λߵĻҲΣôܿٻ
лޱɫأǵģռ˵壿
ûӳף, һΣ˽ѵ»͵һЩԣޱϸڡ
ãлޱ֮ͬģȻٵóѣˡ

ʱˡ
Ѽͣʱ϶ֵ̣ò󣬲δлޱʲô̫Ӱ졣ֻһʱϣΪ;֪ġһСʱ䣬Ҳˡ
µӰ콥ȥΨտ֮ǽ
л̫Ů̻¶ʱտ֮һϲ
ƺӳȻл̫ĵŮ
лңл̫ǳ⣬һĵƳ硣
ȢŮ;ó
Ҫ̫˼ϲ֮£̾ҪȢлޱ
һµʱôȥӳǰҫ
˭뵽û˼죬лޱˡ
տ֮˶ˣԵҲ̫ˣ˵ûף
ĵشһ£˵ӳԵźлޱ͸⡣
տ֮棬ӳΪʲôӳ
˿벻ӳĵŰݷúлޱ;֪ʲôϵտ֮ȴһͲµȻӳʹʲôֶΡ
߶ӳ޵ҧгݣȴӳ˿ûӰ졣
ڰһӣһͻ
ǰŮǴССܰӡ
ĴʱȴѵյôһţǴ󳤹Ůٷġ
㸰ѩɫִΪӳ衣
ûɷ˸Ҵ˵ƽңҪ˵ӳ
һԵķʫʫҪҪһȥɢɢģ
ˣһ뵽ϻ˶ָָ㣬˵ǾǺ͸ĸѵķʫҾ⣬ʫҡҡͷ¶ԳЦǲ֪ôģĲȥ̽Ŀ⡣
һҲԵġӳҲδǿ£ҪԼ취߳˽ٶĴҲûá
ͻ統գӳ׼ʱ硣
һɫȹһǳɫɴ£ƽ˼ֵ֮ںϵĺܺá
һڳ˵Ŀ⡣
лޱҲⳡͻϣӳһȵش˹һȺ˵°͡
лϵŮǣǰʱгЩһ޿ޡ
ˣӦӳǣȴΪζ飿˷׷ײ²š
ô±ҵۣӳʵ
ôţлޱ֪ڿЦοж˼˶ʶǿʵΥѵ
ӳЦЦ
л̫ȻŰ壬ȷǸ˾ӣлҼҷŮΪֱ
ӳţ÷ֵļʱûлұߺտ֮ȥ
ͻһЩУлޱΪ֮ǰ£ǸȻԿк⡣֮⣬ι򲢲ã԰ѾеŮǾһ˭Կ¶ɫҲǿԹ۲һβɾͶΣССᾩǡ
Ǹ⣬ӳüһԼŮ̾˿ϧһкʵڲ١
лޱһʱ


 42 


ӳлޱһ, Ůٷ˹Լȥһߵͤӡ
ӳͷŷһƧͤߡ
ͤ, ȴǻƽǴ󳤹
ӳȻ󳤹ԼȻҪ˵⵹Ǹ̸ĺõط
󳤹ЦЦ, 
ӳ, 󳤹, ֻĸˡ
ʥ֪ˡ󳤹żɽ
ӳüô˵
ΪʲôһҪĵϻŮ󳤹һ˵ί, ﻰⶼָҵŮߡ
ǲϣӳִֻ󳤹˱в衣
¶ֻˣ󳤹̾, ʱ̲ס룬㸸
ԡ˴Ļ
Ůٴˣ󳤹ȴҲ, ֻЦЦ㰡, ǽҲЩҰѹء
󳤹ӳ, 㣬ʥѾ֪뱾ϻŮһЩϵˡ
ӳ⣺¼Ȼ֪ƣеĸϵ
ûԱʱҳ, 󳤹ɺϣ㣬ͱƣһԡʥҡΪҪô
ӳʹ󳤹ıͬһ˲ǶԻʳ仰е˼顣
лʧɢĸŮԲ飬ѵǾ󲿷˶ô
󳤹ҲǾϻŮ󣬰Ƶ³ȥûߡ
տ֮ûôӳ۵Դ󳤹ȨƣҪ鵽ԵĸԴرѡ
տ֮أû¶ƽ·ݣ˳Ҳǹ˼硣
󳤹Цˣһش£ҪʮӣӦΪǮɡӣˡ
л¡ӳû뵽󳤹ڻʵǰΪԼڡ
ԣʮƱ߰ɡŴ󳤹ʾ⣬˴óʮһƱ
¡
ƴǣ󳤹֣˵ȥˣ͵
л¡ӳƴǡ
㣬µλش𣿡󳤹ͻȻʵ
ҴŻشտ֮ҪƴŪߣʲϡ
󳤹ЦˣЦЦЦݣ¼㣬ھйò̫סл취ݰɣ˵㵱Ըټ̽׵ȥҲ㡣
⻰ͷˣӳ˴󳤹顣
ȥµͷļڰ˳ңӳп¶ʵηˣҲܻȥůǻҪҡ
󳤹̾˿ʲôѴһҪұֻҪܰһ㡣
л£ӳ뿪ǰֻײһ䣬£С
󳤹Щȣû׷ʣֻǵͷá
 
ӳصϣûһлޱִ˹ֱҩվŵǸȹŮƺЩԣķ͵˺ܶΡףȵȣˡ
лС㡣ȹŮЦӯӯ˴к
λǣ
λͨ˾֮Ůѩӳܵ
Ҳعıáѩ
áֲЦˣȻлޱɴˣҲȫá
лСʱ뿤ϵˣѩЦʡ
˼˰ʲôϡģӳʡ
ӳôҪѩлޱ뿴ӳ޳ܵĻηӦ
лޱȴЦˣԼǡ
ǶȻǲΪ˵ġ
ѩЦЩӲͲÿڳйŮӳлޱݵλĹŮӳ׽죬䡣
лС㻹֪ɣһҵıɩءѩ״˵
лޱҲӦԾˣ˶лҵŮФϹŰ塣
Ű岢лޱѩСֶζ
ӳµֵ÷злޱô֪ܲ飿ѩһʷӳĳ£ӳԶ֮
лޱһ򷴸ԼǰˣСĻ¶ѩӡ͵ȵס
ͬʱͷӿ˼ֶӳͬ飬Ǹ֪Ժδ
뵽˴лޱοѹ˵Ե춨ƿϻòŮӣһΪ㰲һκԵġ
ѩֱԼĶ䣬лޱǱӳʲôͷӳĳ£лޱδ¶֮ɫˣΪʲôҪο
οôС
ѩӲ΢Цǰұ綼ϣһиõԵˡ
㲻ذҵɵˣӳͻȻûңȢ㡣
ѩһ伤ɫ䣺˵ʲô
ˣӳƽֻڳһʵǾ꣬䣬б¶𣿡
ѩҲŲסЦݣ޺޵صӳһתˡ
лޱһԷֱף֪ӳôˡ
ʵֱҲΪãҪִһܵĿꡣлޱӳֻڳɣ
ҲûӳЦˣȷʵڳ
лޱҲЦԼ֮ǰжûλȷǸֵཻء                        
лҪ˵ӳлΪѩء
ѩɫǾˣѩò£Ҫأ

 43 

һ, ѩɫʹһϢ
ůˡ
ʱҲˣӳ, ǣһ˰ɡ
ʱʫù, Ժɢ, ӳһڵ, ҪȥĶ
ӳΪøˣҲ˼Ц⣺ůҪˣҪƽȥһˡ
ʫһ, ԭˣһΪҪȥҽᣬƽȻͬ룿
ǻûͬ⣬ҴȥҪͬ⡣ӳ͡
⵹Щ, ʫһʱҸոΪҪȥҽƺҲûԩ㡣
Ҫˡӳͷ
ף쿪ʤ

ƽӳ˵, ˶پͷۡ
鲻˶ӳϵЦ⡣
˷ϲ¾ˬ
˶ͷһ, ú˵ϲţ
ǣܲܲҪôֱס
̹׽ϲůϱ, ʱůĽҲ
Ҳͬ롣
ȣԼĶԼ֪ڻ¥ˣκ֮ȢĸŹŮǲܵġ
ʱ¾ҪССŮ, ٲůҲóϽŮѧʶȷʵҪЩССģǿ̫̫ࡣ
ߣůסܵõҲֻ飬Ǻ顣
𿴶ǶϾϵ룬ߴȫͬ
ǲͬġն
Ҫͬ⣬Ѿ׼ˡӳӡͺá
浱ǺǼҵĺ԰ȥ磿ŭûУ鵹һ⣬ҪҪ
飿ӳüеĶʲô
ӡƵؿӳ
Цһӣȥңû׼ҵĸӻǺѪء
ӳ˱ʹʲô˼
һ£ƽѪͷˡӳЦؿ
Ӳת⣺ִ£ܾģϾԵ£˵Ŀ˫ӣӳ㲻˼ѵҲҽõ𣿡
棿ӳЦЦһʶ𣿡
˱ҭһ£ȴҲòϣԼͼвӳȷʵ˵һгˡ
ͼůԶˣʲô·أѾ޹˵ŮӣټޱͼѣοһĽ㡣
ӳ˿ŭɫůδΣͲͺ˹ˡ
˱ӲԵӳŪúǷ꣺Ҿǲͬ⡣
ʱСѾߴҴƽظˡ
ʱ䣬Ϊ˵ȺүظʱѾĹǻˣһ
ƽ˵ӳҪ룬һҲǴҴҸϻһžֱá
˵Ѹٶӳ˼үͷʾԼ֪ˣתӳǲʲô᣿
ûᣬӳնůҪӺ롣
ǲͬǺġ
ӳѽ⣺Ƕֻظͬһ仰Ǻ˺αʱȺүأ
û뵽ԼʱΪ˳Ρ
ƽҪȺıһЩӳöԸʾߵС˰ůҲ
ԼĶϱҲЩ˽ģûӳôӲƤҲӳһЩ
ʱ֮鶯֮ӲʩذůƺˣǾͲӳͷˡ
˽õҲûůȷʵӳǰӲźȶԺүһů࣬лүͷůĹա
ӳһԱȣ˶پůֿˡ
漴ůһתůȥѾ֮Ĺϵ޿תүͷ½⡣
˻ӣ˵Ļȴ͸ּᶨ
ǲ½أҧгݵص
ůͿˣӳ죬ֻܱĺӺ뿪ˣ½һررҪ
µĳ֮⣬˼ůǿô˳ƶˣ
ҲԼʵеˣôʱƽڵů˵˵ΪһҪԶ𣿡
µûůƤЩֻ򵥵鲻ϡ
ƽЦˣ޶ҪĥϵοΪԭֵҪĵز
ͱװͿˣӳɲʲôԣ᲻֪Щôõģ᲻֪
ƽƤ񣬴ʱǹһЦͼȥǶǺذ
ӳüүٹҶͱˡ
˿ˣӳ㵽֪֪ʲô˼и񡱰ӳһڵؽ𣬾ûġ񡱵ĺˣŵط˸޴İۡ

 44 


ƽ
, ǿʱ䣬ֻȮӽȷʵڸУƽ, ѾȥѰˣͷõȣ翤
ƽʹ־, ȰӳȰ, ٺȰȰůͷ
, ֮ǰ뵽⡣ӳһѩɫһѩɫȥʱ, һʮӱѺ˽
ԶסˣǺ⣿
ǰǵӿܲڸȥһˣ¥ҵ, ӳЦʵ֤Ĺǲ޵
հԶѩɫʱһƨ
˵˵Ѿһ, ŭҲòŰ
ʧ, ʵӵʱñȽϼңӳûʲôǸصɰ󡣡
, һɰһѶֽӿȡ˳
ǵڸʲôһָɣ̺
ӣƽʱȴͻȻȥ͸һƣӱͷܡ
˼ææҪԶձԴ, үôĴ
þƽ׷ӣҹ¥һ类ץʲôԵ𣿡
ǰȥҳһš
˿ܿףӳܲ
ƽˣǴӳġ
Ȼƽһ׷ӣһ͵ۿӳŵ¾˳ƽҹ硣
ӳȻûҪ˼һԿýζ֪ͳһѹ
Ҳ֪ģྐྵӵĶôš
ƽΣ͵ȥůһѹӣԥҲ
ƽﻢ£ֻԼҷһʱ˳ƷŹ˶ӡ
ǵú˶ΪͻȻС
ȮÿЦˣƽɤӣ߳ӣ˵Ǹ֤Ժٷ
ӳܱƽȥǸԣԺΣů޹ˣŶһη˱֤ɡ
ĪǱһٵʲôҪҺ룿
ůףû
㣬˵ͻȻңһһΪѰأͷҲǣһʹң˵Ϊ¶
ƽûصһۡ
ˣֱ۵벻Ĵ˵ǸոհôãȵǸ𣿡
ǸǲܵǸġӳ
ңЦˣҿģǲź̸̸
ҵǸͿϹԹǩ飿ӳʡ
˵ǣǸϣΪʲôҪͬ룿
Ҹһ޷ܾɣӳɽѩס
ոǸůģʱӳڳ˵裬˵ǰסӡ
˵Ķᣬӵʹ
֣ǩ𣿡
˵úܿ죬ɽѩ˲Ϊϸִӳ
ƽҲû뵽ˣ˸ҵĶӶ֡
ǲ̸̸𣿡ƽͼǲܽκġ
ӳǱߣѩѾָ˺ɫӡ
̯̯֣Ҿýͦõİ
ƽҲȥۿǱѾеӡĲˣæҲ˸ǹ
ûõģӳҲʵжȰõΪ˭ûأ
ƽŭǩµĺ飬ɷǲϵģ
Σӳʣǿȥٰ
ƽͣȻȥ٣ˡ
úӱ˴¥ץһ·Ѻظֱǩ˺顣
˵ȥ滹ҪҪ
ƽǰ⼦ɹĳ棬ճ̾ˣҲˡ
ϱɴȥ۲Ϊ
ӳֿͼĺˣˣҴȥůʰһ㲻ɣ
ҷǳ⣬ҽˣͻͣ𣿺˺޺޵ӳһۡ
ˡѩݹѾӡĺ飬ůҲ֮水ӡ
ӳֵݻһݣһʽݣǵļǵñð
Ӳ˻ʹֱۣ˺ǷݣʾԼĲ
ӳĿѴɣЦȫ̬ȡ
öţӳ㡭㣬µģôǸô··ͷһ㣿
ӳҲ޹Ҳ밡Ǳҵġ
˿޹ı飬ȥ˺
ϧƽϲ죬Ȼ˵Ǻйͬһġ

 45 


ůˡ
Ȼƽִ, ӳһ˺ǺܶնģžʹůϢ²⡣
ůһºܿ˽ͷβŵĻ⡣
²ص༯ӳ, ˽֮ǰӳȥҪһ£²ѵǲƽθڣɴýӻ, ٰȥһܹӻ˼ҡ
²һõ˺ܶ˵ͬ, ǺӳгԹһ˵, ׷Ϊҥשߡ
¶󳤹лޱ˶УһΪӳԸз߿һ߸̾, õȷѪꡣ
ƾβ²ⴧĦӳȴ൱ʡ
üڲƽ֮һ
ʱɹ˴˶˲١
ůʱȥӳס, Ϧദܿȥĸҡ
ѩɫͿĿΪԶøˡ
зʫ, ůȫͬ, ȴҲദ죬죬ڻ԰졣
ԥôõ, û뵽Ȼô򵥡ů̾ȻǺһ¡
ǰڱƺǾᣬʫ룬ֲ˱, ôɵذ˴Ӻ
ůЦˣм˸вƽأ
Ҳǵһζʹвˣʫ뵽˴ЩǣѾҸ׺Ͳƽйƽĺһ룬ԺھǻԽӼˡ
ůֹ
˵ʲôʫ档
ʵԶֹǼů£ʵ档
ʫĬβſڵ̶Ӧû⼸λذɣ
ůôʱȽί񣺡˵á
ݽǲꣿ
ʫСЩԣھʮ꣬Ҳû˭ôݹ
˲ӳ࣬ĳ̶Ҳûӳݣ֮˵ĵλҲԶӳĸߡ
ʫʱЩ˵Լŵû棬ӳ˼ǲŽš
ᣬ󲿷ŶŵλԼˣӳͬ˭Ҹա
󲿷ֲĴů͡
ʫ鸴ӵؿһۣദһʱ䣬ʫǷˣǰλС㣬ֱļᶨӵߡ
ģůע⵽ʫ񣬿Цõؽ͵սǻҪУǿŮģûס˴һ١ԷԼĸǳĳҪԱһøˡ
ķ񣬡ʫ̲סЦˣΪڸΪԶȴЩǿ̫ࡣ
˵꣬ʫ֣Լոջ²ůļᶨӵߣôԼҲǸչأ
ǰůţ˵ĸ׾ˡ
Ǹսʱ򴦾ȽϼѰɣʫʵ
ǰɨβůʱҲ֪ôģͰ˴ˣǹԱȥҲûҶκ˵ԼĶӱˡûȥ˭Ҳ֪
ǰ㿴ı׼Ůͨʫǣ޸֮ʫۼǰҲš
ʲôǡôʱӳ԰ǵ̸
ʵ棬ӳ˷ʫĵǣذڰ֣⼸ʲôеʵһأ
ʫһױ졣
˼䣬ѩɫϴЦͨع˸˿š
عůͷʫһ¶֮ɫ䣬һ߳׼رܡ
ӳǶ˵ӶЦˣûرܣûʲôġ
عת濤ʱпգڷɺ¥һѩɫ
Ѿؾˣӳ΢
뾩ȥˮӣǸյϴûͻطˡ
ʲôˮεô죿ӳüǱǳʲô⡣
ѩɫ˰Ҵ˵Ķ򡣡ӳƬ̺Ը˼֡
ڳɫ졣
عӳ棬¶еǶƾԲ
ӳ˿δ¶֮ɫ࣬дԱĶ
ʫãȻʵǺ⣿
֮ǰȥˮ̫ˣЩ⡣ӳ͡
ʫãȻҲعǼż㣬ԻÿЩ
ӳЦҡҡͷΪһ֮˽ְڲ˵ˡŻؾ˵ǻؾܽġôпܣˮ˻֡ҸոѩɫģǺͽϹٳйصˡ֪ǵĶ򣬴žȷҵĲ²ˡ
ʫãȻӹ뾩龩ʱϾƲ⵽Щ
ůӳ̾˿жȣѹֵ游̾Сӳ                        
лҪ˵лĪʴƽĵף

 46 



ʱ
ɺ¥һ侲, ӳ˶
Ǳ߳ʲô⣿ӳ˳Ĭ
Ϊдһʣɫ
̫ˡӳִΪϱ
ȻĶβŵͷϹٳ⡣
ӳ̧, ڵ˵ȥ
˱ۣһڹԱʬλزͣϷˮС£ȴϳ˾͢ˮһؾ, Ѿӵ, 
۱вӳӻ
һ, ɫδµò
ӳ̾ǹкδأ
ȴδش⣬ܷ뿤ش𱾹һ⣿
ӳʰɡ
տ֮ô£
㵥ֱ, ӳ΢£Ϊأ
Ϊǹ̬ԵҺܿ뷨û̬ôף׵þ˸һһ仰
ӳ֪ǷѾµʲô
Ĳǣ, Ҳ鷢չӣֵΪ˸ͷ, ӳ, һڸ֮ϡ
Ȼ˽ңӳЦ
ĬͻȻֿڵ˸ħ
ӳмֿЦãӦúĵ
ҵʱʵûбķˡ
仰Ī͸ֲײĴ, ӳδϿġ
˱ۣԸһ𣿡
 
ӳ귢һУĬһ˺ܾá
˵ЩлޱΪ֤ӳ
Ҫ, 㡣
ƮƮ֣ȴӳĵЦ˳㻹㡭
δ˼
ӳίˡһ˲ĿǰĴ
ӳۿ΢죬Ҳûһһ仰Цһ仰ҿޡ
ϣҡͻȻӳǳɻɡ
ӳͻһŪһ£᣺лл㣬Ҳܡ
ΪЩԵĻҲô̸ҡ
֪Ϊ㲻⣬Ҿİá
ӳ㲻ҿս
ӳһ̾Ϣϣûҡ
Сӣһ·˳˳ˮس¹硢߹ʣȴΪմȾЩС
⻰˵Щ̣ȴЦˣ㣬ҵĶأ
ɫɫŮӣȴֻӳģ˵ɺϣʵδǱȻ
˱̳һȺ˴ƺҲ˳¡
޸ҰɣȰ㡣֪㲻Ҫ˵ı
ļ֣Ҳҵġ
˵ҡ¶εЦ⡣
ΪҡӳЦõƤ
ҪҰæʱһҪҡټ֡
á
һЦҾͣһоڲС
һĬ˵һԷܶ
ˣҲи㡣ӳҲһֱһɻ̻
䣬¶ֱǿعɰ΢΢Ĳ죺ǸԱ֮뿪˰лαס֮
ȷʵңף˶һʱ䣬һǱһҲǹ۲졣
лл㡣
ʲô
֮£δӳʵ
¼ȻνϹٳʲô޲ᵽ£üֻǿЩ޹İգˮסЩԱǾĲȣ´أ´أΪµ̬ȶ޿֡
ϿǱµǮӣν֪ÿ꽻깱һεĶ˽һӳ깱ѹեģأ
һҪԣ̾һвҾһ֪ϣãҪһԡ
Ҿ񡣡ӳһ䣬ΪĳӸеΡ
ˣҾû˵ȥʵϣЩңµõµǻȻЩʵֶΡ
ֵֻһˣܿܣ˭ҲЩõ˵ˡ
˽ûǻǽõΣ֪ˡ
йʺ֮ӣСͱ
ۼĴϻֲʧ壬곯ж˶ж˶Խϵǻʧ
ĳ佫³䳼ìս󣬲֪˻꽻㣬ĳԣ佫ԹĽ
ܻеæӳͷһǣҵˣǵñԼ
лҪ˵лл˹ӪҺ10ƿӪҺ2ƿ~

 47 


ӳò, ȷʵ˽
֪ӳԸ񣬲ϲЩͷʹ޵ĳ棬Զ, ûж˵ʲôֻһ䡰ίˡһ, ڲС
Ҳ֪, ûͼȰ뿪, Ϊ֪ߡ
ֻǸҪĻڡ

뿪ɺ¥, ӳصԼլۡ
ů󣬲ɽ͸ѩҲڴ˵ֵ
ʱɽſڵտ֮, Ժ㣬ҪҪ
ôӳ̾ء
ɽ¶ͬ΢Ц
ӳԺ, տ֮, ʩһ񣺡
òϣտ֮Ƥңܻ, ĶƺǿģˮţǸ湫ӡҲѹ֣ǱУʹôġ
ӳͿ, ʱոռһԱȣտ֮С
ԶҲûʲôʲô
տ֮ƽһ׸ϹӿıУʿ̫лС֮Ƿ뿤йأ
лޱˣտ֮ȴԸʹ˷Σлޱͬ
տ֮Ϊӳһлޱǰڮŵлޱڡװһ踺صӣҲܻӦĸ飬ô˵ҵģҶ
˭֪仰һڣͼлޱ¶񷴸еı顣
ǵлŮѾǼټ¶ˡ
Ӳ˵Ųţδǰᵽһ䲻á
տ֮Ȼţе֪ӳôܻģȻлޱϸӳ
ָȴַڵ£ȷʵйءӳ̹Ȼϡ
տ֮֮ǰѾ׼ʱƵúܺã¶ЩįǿŮߵ̫ǵ˳ۣƻԵ
ǡ
տ֮ӳĻش޷Ҳֿܡ
ޡ
߼֮ɰޡ
ȻʵЩˣӳûаҲ̸ϡ
տ֮ȷʵ㣬ӳΪлޱ
˵ʵڲ֪տ֮ǳˡ
лޱ
޸жˮȣȻȡʶˡ
ϴ˵֮ɫʵ㲻ôģûҪȢлֻϾ̫֮ŮҲþܾ̫Ӳ
ǾˣҰлʾã˵ĻӳһҲţһܸмҰɣ
ǰտ֮ųһЦݣлΪΧ
ûʲôӦġӳ¶һЦ⡣
տ֮ЦԽԽӲʵں棬˵лСͷģ
˵ӳüõò̫׼ȷʵϣҲû̫ࡣ
տ֮ţлСԵλıأ
ҪԼԭ򣬡ӳҲ

Ȼϸ룬лޱ𣿡ӳ̯֡
տ֮ʹת⣺Ȼϵ²Ȣ֮⡣ԵТ޺Ϊʮģֿȡ˹ɼҵøĸΪģҵĲТˡ
˵ص㡣
ʿ㲻ϼ£ɷҪƻµԵ
ոջлҰлô˵ҡƻԵأӳ޹״

ˣҲװɵˣӳЦˣտ֮ûôҪ
Ǻ⣿տ֮Щ⣬ͬʱоܵð
˼ǣҲܿⶢÿһԵȥƻӳĸͣûôС
ûôУտ֮ΪȻЩŮÿ۾ۻ廨
ֲҪ̿鿼ȡʲôæģۻİԣ
ӳע⵽տ֮һ˲ĲΪȻЦЦҲö͡
Ƶ̬ȾͿԿŮĻ֮ġ
ƫƫǱϮŮҡУλǽŮ˵ơ
ӳĦָϵĽָտ֮ĵڶŮˣ
տ֮Ȣƣ󳤹Я˹ٺҪ󳤹ƣ檣һҡ
λңǷûʲô˵ģũòտ֮ҲĸԸ
ֵһǣһã䣬տ֮׸˵󳤹µ·
ò˵ԼˣĦ˼տ֮ͬĿգҲǰŴ󳤹檡
ȻЦŮϵˣԼӺŮǰտ֮ҵ¡Ůʶ࣬ﰵտ֮æ
һԶ÷ŮˣȥҲһ̸ˡ
׮£ӳտ֮˳ˣûµĻ뿪ˣҿˡ
ƣòȡˡһΪòԷˣտ֮վڵ¸ߵؽӳ
һòȡˡӳֱ׳                        
лҪ˵лkiligĵx2ݵĵx1~

 48 

տ֮, ӳŷ¡
Ȼλտ֮ԸӳȻҲȥԧ졣
ʱʵķչвͬ, տ֮ûеõ󳤹δֱӵ٣ǻںԺҵҲ֪λƶˡ
, ÷ȻҲᱻտ֮׸·ˡ
·, û˷, Ҳ䡣ⲻӳҪĵˡ
㣬ոǸ˾տ֮ʫ˹ʵ
û, ӳЦЦΣ
䲻㡣ʫᶨ
ӳЩؿһۣտ֮Ƥ໹ǱȽԻԵģû뵽ʫشôն
ôңʫ, ҲǺ̵ĺ𣿡
ӳЦˣ˵öԣ̣ȷ䲻ҡ
տ֮¹, С
, տ֮ţɻڴȴֻԼȨ֣˿˼֮, ȴһΪǵ֪Ҫȥˡ
ţʫʵ㣬عļΣ
ʫ棬ӳⶺ̽˽ˮٳơ
ʫӳıŷӦ, ˶ţ㣡
ӳһԵĻЦˣˡ
ʫеĻȴͻȻʲôƵģβſʵ㣬вҸƽĻ
ֹӳȴܲ˼ֻŻŻҲûдǻ
ʫԭسһҲ˵ʱʧ˿ֻ㶵ʣΪʲô
̫ˣӳ䡣
˭ҸףʫãȻ
ʵۣӳָͣʹģƽĵõȫȴŹֵ˵ĵ
ǻʵۣ˭أ
£˭˵׼أӳĵػش
ʫȴĪĵ̬пִᶨ
ӳʵҿģڵ£
ǵǣ£ʫЩϽĽǣձҪؾˡ
ϱߣһϵҵСС壬˲սʿȷߣҲ˲С鷳
ȵʱ¼ȷչ߾ǰϵҴò
»λʱϵѾʵ˺ܶ꣬»Уôཫʿر߹أÿ궼ҪľãʵǶԹν˷ѡ
ˣּ⣬߾߹صľҲһټʿԹص䣬дȨĳѳ֣߾ٴıԹҲϵĶ䡣
߾ĶϵȻҲע⵽ˣ⼸ͼСģ̽£ֻ˱߹һׯûʵ۵ӣӾϵҹȻˣű߾á
ʫйձҪؾĽǣǻʵٴּӱ߹ٻصġ
Ȼñ߹زҪôཫ죬ּЩ˻ؾְȻ°ְλ
˵ǵְ佫ְλһҲô࣬Щ佫Ҫϸһأܱһְ
Щ˲϶佫ӣɴϻ磬׹ˡ
Ҫӳ˵ʵµһֳ塣
ϵʷô鷳¾ôգӵģ
ϻʵ۵˰һ붼˾ã˽ӣȥ֪١Ϊŵһ߾ȫ⸳˰ִ佫
֣հϵʰط
»λϻʵЩȫ׷ˡ
ӳҶԣϵһģ
ݣϽʮǳصľ롣Щ궥Żʵ۵ĲҲҪѵݱľϵҽ
ǱУδȵϵΪʵ۵Ĳ
ʫʱ£ӳЩعʵôЩ㲻ˣ
һλ֣ʫԥſڡ
С֣λӳȻ֪丸֣ǵϵҴ仨ˮ֮һλС֣ҲӳиҵϽߣϵļСģʱ˵ġ
ؾˣӳʵڲ֪ʵôġ
ôλС֣оԹӳַʫɫ졣
ǾԹʫɫһ˲ϲˣ߹ǰҵȢҡ
ʫӳѹת˵˵λʲô˰ɣ
⣬ܿõС֣Խ
պһλӵţӳȫȴЩ⡣
ӳȻ֪ԴںδƽϣֻЦʵС֣Ѿݷùƽ˰ɣ˵ʲô                        
лҪ˵лkiligĵף

 49 

С֣ӳʵ
ӳҲ̬, һ£˭˵˺͸ĸѣһѵŮӻһ, ŮЩġ
οƽΪˣӳҿ϶ûС֣ǰͼӴ׵ߵڰס
С֣һ²ſڣү˵ʫ¶֪, 븸ĸѡ
ʵ, С֣˵ñȽί, ƽŶӳһǻ⣬ݳһ۸ЫŮӡ
ǻؾᡣ
ʿ྿Σ
Σ˵˽Ҳδػ, ӳ̾ʫǰĻõ㡣
лС֣ӳ˹֣ȥ
ԿĽãӳ´, Ҳδʧ
ӳվԭؿıӰ˼ǰʫ˵Ļ
һʵ棬ʲô, Ҷ
ӳϣʫܵõҸ, ǴϻҲС֣ľ
Ź˰ʱ䣬С֣ŭشӻõĴų˳
淽ʫں֣, ȥĶ
ӳȻȥƽǹƽ
ȥ֣Ӧһ䡣
ôһ٣ӳü
Ҫң֪ӳԷʫ֮ҪôʹҲøӡ
ǣֻ˵ƽѾ, ӳȴ˿ûҪ˼ȻٴһҲ޷ơ
ʫȴڵȴְǹؼʱ̣Ϊȥ¡
ҲԣӳڸͣƽıûУ˵һס
ΪԼְλʫίڲˣǻʲôˣᵽְ֣ϻһ˿ԥ֮ɫȻԵľҲмֲ
ȥɡӳЩ֮⣬û
ôһ֣ûô嶯ˣӳһ񣺡л֣֣ԸΪԱ¡
ǲأӳЦЦֻ֣ĳһҿܵȷ󡣡
֣̫˼ǵͷʱұؽǵÿ֮
ӳ̾෴С֣ôһ죬ϣ㲻ҪΪ֮Ӱжϡͼ󣬲Юͼ
ʱ֣вӳ˼˹֣ãȥˣǻġ
ŮĿıӰ
ǸʹˣҺ͡ӳһ䡣
㵱Ȼˣñȫ簡һߵķʫոջΪС֣ļᶨ̬ۿᣬʱӳĻؿһۣסĵ²ۡ

ǱᣬƽŰݷõС֣󣬵ȥӳ鷳
˭֪ûãС֣һŭɱ˻ƽûüֻһֻڴȭͷ
ƽȫǶ֣ڵء
ǵȻҪ˭Ҳסսɱ֣
ƽгû֣ﳤȥ
ƽڵϣ˵һʱת
ֱ򶼸ϹˣŷӦﰵһ
С֣ߵڰ׵ʱȻΪʫҰѱǿ֮¶˵ȴû뵽
һʫǸТŮֶ¶˵Ǹӳ˲Ҫˡ
ܼҪҪ̲׽֣ƽ޲֣ҡҡͷ£վִ

֣ȥÿҲ졣
սƴɱģھŹ˵˶˵ʵɡ
תӳûͷʫ𻰡ֻǱ˲̸ꡣ
ֹһʱ䣬һǰһ˳
ôо𣿡ӳʡ
ҪȢʫ뿤֤֣ն
ʫЩߵ΢΢ףЩɣ֣ļᶨ˵
ãӳҲΪǸˣʫļױ
㣡ʫȻҲ˵ӳҪӵ£ȻЩӳʳᾫڲϸģʵڲȱǮӣױϾǴǮ
ҿӳڰֹ
ʫȦ˺죬ӳӳͷ·һ㣬Σѡʧȥܶ»Ȼķʫ·ҵĹǰ㣬˼𽥰
С֣ӳֿ֣û뵽Ҳؾˣ߹ˣ
֣Щȵؿû뵽йŮ˹ı߹ս££أʵƲֹۣ߾һһԿϵҡ
ƣ
Ȼұ˾ֱۣ˵зԷ˵ڱ߹صʵۣžܲ龩֣ЦҲŲòء
ʫЩ۵ס֣֣ЦЦʾο
̫ʦһϵųĴԣӳʡ
֣ȣӷʫ£ӳһЩ壬ӳھеĴŵġһȨƵŮӣȴܹƽƽȨ̾
û뵽Գ˽⡣
̫ʦìܣҲţĲ죬ӳ͵빬͢ʱűɳݣаʦ֮ꡣ
֣ȴͻȻʲôƵģԭȸλھһ츳ĹŮ

 50 


֣ϽңӳЩȡ
ǰ, ֣˵ڹ츳Ůӣűһ˼֮, ƽ
ʵϣ֣ϽʱЩϧϾŮս, ж, Ǻ޲ֱӰˡ
⻰, ֣Ȼ˵
֣ϽˣҲ̸ֻֽˡ
عǫ֣ɫмֻ, Ҹһ׿佱ˣӵĶҡȻͣ㡣
ӳĻ֮飺游֣ϽʱԹۡϽԻ游˵, ԼĶ֣һλɶõĽš
˵
ûӳͷʱ游Ц˵, , ı߹أء
֣ɫȻһ˲ϧû
ⲻĴʫο
ӳҲʫ˵öԣ, һֱ佫жĳȨǿ߹ƣǳһ˽ģû˿ϰ佫˵
֣ͷĿǰ˵ϻ佫, ǵ󳤹µ·ˣ
סӳȻλ·Ϊ١ΪΪôס
֣ίǲһ·ˡ
ʫɫЩأתУᱻʲôְλ
ŷʫ֣ɫЩһ֪ƻǸʵȨְɡ֮ǰ⣬˱²졣
֣мֿɬѵԸפر߽ԸؾʫžۣԸܾǵݻ
һΪȴ²¼ɣʱڱ߹أйɳ嶯ɴ׹ˡ
ֻվŲ¸׵С
һļλ죬ѾĻ䣬ǹٵͷˡǴ˹٣ϵк˿ɵУʱƾɵļֻ˵ջļָһʿ
ӱ߹һ·ؾЩͷѾػ֣Ժ顣
ʵҪ佫ʵıʥϵ뷨
Ҳû취ſȰЩͬһְϿպľǹٳ
Ҫӳ˵Ļ˻ʵ۵뷨Ǿ͸ɴĻʵۡ
Щ쵱Ȼûô룬ȻĻʱҲϻʵۻڡǵǻǽõΡֻϧҲûִ治ͷ

֣뷽ʫĻڳﱸУӳһβﱸ£ŷԭɻ黹ôི
ʱڸ̾һ䣺Ժɻ飬һдӼ򡣡
ǳɻʱһᴦһУЦó磬ֻҪϷϼþͺá
ҪͼˣعӳЦ
ǡڴʱѾͨһλѩſڣ˵ݼ
ӳһۣɡ
Ҫ˵λѩмֵ̽츳
ӳعںһ£ʵ̫δ֣ȴչע綯ѩע⵽ˡٱӳţûʲôʱġ
Ȼǻۣ벻̫֮谭˵ġ
뵽ģԵţӳһϷ
ԭҲڣѩţȸӵģȷмģ
źǣ˶ûʲô֮⡣
ܺ㵥𣿡ѩʵ
áӳ뿴ʲô»ߵߡ
ҸĸҪ˵ˣѩڣԺҾͲͱ֮谭ˡ
ѩ絽˵׵䣬ĸ޹˼һֱţһһȥľܾ̬ʼշĸۼ޹ֻ׼˵ס
ˡֱԣӳҺ֮谭
ѩ޿һܵɣӳ
Ӯ㣬ʵûʲôֵҵġӳʵʵ˵
ʵôˣѩһСѾɷס
ӣӳοȻ˵ˣͷ°ɡ
˵ɣѩ󣬡ɿڰɣֻҪͬҽ檣ҸĸͲټָ˵ˡֻһ檶ѣʲôġ
ӳӽͣ㲻Һ谭谭Ҳҡ
֪ݵ΢
ӳĻڿϲȴʲô˶ϲ㣬ݸߵ⣻ϲ㣬ǹҾܻ顣
˵˵ȥռ磬ѩŭҾ޲˱磬ҲҪ֪ǸĶ
ӳʧЦҲܺ棬ҵǸĶ
ҪѩͻȻԶȻĿ⿴˹һһ̤գ׼װˮ
ж죬ӳӦ죬˳ץסѩ죬˹ѩЬ⻹ûմˮȵվ½ϡ
ôˣãȻؿѩ
ҡҡû¡ѩſڣһʱǳΡ
û£¡ӳһ̧֣ɴذѩˮ                        
лҪ˵лĪʴƽĵ2ö

 51 


˲Ϣ, ѩӶЩˡ
ոշʲôҼװˮӳסˣȻְˮ
ҾΪˮ
桭ȵȣ棿
ӳĲѩ, άž㵵ɫֱǺ˿ˮŷӦŵش󺰾
ǲ֪ʲô, , ʹҴ˹ѩǳ, ɫŹ
˭Ҳȡӳ
ˮеѩæȣ磬ѵҪء𣿡
ûжȻڻῴѩ, ˽ӳ֪зִ磬ѩء
ѩ˼£ͻȻо½Ӵʲô, ý̽£ȻӴ˳ײôվ
ԭȻһ˸, ѩվֱ, ˮδûؿڡ
һƬУѩվڳ룬εغͰ˶ӡ
վˣǾԼ, ӳѣˮ˲зСǯ㡣
зȻӳĽ
ѩɫʲô㣬ӳ룺Ҳ㣬Щзɡ
ѩɫĬĬѡʵǹ㡱仰ȥ, 
ˮзѩ˲Σ̵ײײϰ
ӳҲûһֱĶȤζɢ˸Ѿߴѩȥ·
ѩǿؿΪҪˮѾҪ˵ˣԴ޿ܣȴȻݲ𣿡
ֻԸѣ㲻Ǹӳ̯֣ǾԲᱻˤƭģ㣬ڰ㰡
αǿʶѩת״磬㿴ˮ𣿡
ˡʱ񱳹ȥȥȫʪ͸ѩ
Ȼ̺ԤĲͬôһġ
ѩڴؿǴӳŵţҲû˵ƺǾ䡰ˡǶȫӦˡ
ܵѩȵߣɻתͷӡ
˴۵Сۣϵı鶼ֱӳ̲סЦ˽š
ﻹҼȻǰˮ˵Ҹһ档ӳһ˼ǰ׷ˡ
׸ʲôԻѩţܵˡ
̾仰Ҳʡ
ʲôӳ
׸ҹʲôԻ׿ɫᣬĸԸ£
ӳץһлΪЦá
飬ЦˣˣҴҪ͸˼棬ȸˡ

ѩɫѾķԸĳˡ
ܺãӳͷ򹬳ǵķ򣬡ӦѾصˡ
ʹ
鷿
ʵ۽еˤϣ˿ͨ޵˼ѾǰˣͣҪϹٳ
źĹǲ˵
ʵһԵ̫ࣺ˵˵ǲǹڸ£
ȻεĴ̫ӵӣҲաʱʵ۵ĻЦعӣޱЩµ˼ˡ
һȺʵһ䣬鷿ԺֱɸҪˡ
ʱһ˳ǽ˽ڷ𣬳£
΢ɲص˵ͷ̲ų£ݼĳһ⣬ѱˡ
ŶҪʲôù޿
̽Žַ˱µϡ
ʵ˺ŷ⣬¶ļҳֽһ飬ְӻ񣺡޶
ǼҳֽԶŮأ븸ĸһ˼
ԭǼ飬Ȥʵ˼о;Ȥ˼ĵط
Ůѽ˫ʮ껪ȴȻһҲѶʮģŮ븸ȫ
ʵЦһͦġ
ŮھдѣЩƷټеŮ۸ÿŮмһˡ
ʵˣ
ѧ峵壬ȻͽıڣŮҲԹ޻ڣϾʮȫʮ֮¡
ѧˮƽʵڲôʵŵǱ飺ޣʲôӳ׵ļдôʲô
ŷһҳҵ˴𰸣вٻڮŮⱾޡΪ븸ǺҲʩϳ͡
ʵ۱һЦ⣬ӳýϧˣλֳʵǱ޳Ī
£Ҫδʵ
ôˣȻҪĹȥˣúóŮȴζɣ
 
һߣѩɫʵŵǺ⣿
ŰɣӳգգۣؼżĳĻ
ѩɫ
Ůѽ˫ʮ껪ȴȻһҲѶʮģŮ븸ȫӳһݣǻޡڶʮҳһУڶʮĸ֡
ԭˣѩɫ¶𾪵ɫǾס
Ҳʱӱѧģӳֻǵʱû뵽ϵһ졣
öѩɫʵʵۿ
һöڻʵۿóֻܶһˡ˵ǶģӳɫżƶҶ                        
лҪ˵лkiligµĵף

 52 


ܿŮһе, ŮھǵһͬͰο
ŮҪ󣬱ʾĪ
лᵽ岻ãԲڴ
, ڻʵһ⡣
˼Ц˶ǱϲǣԶŮ, ¶ԷƵġ
ʵǷҪ
, Ϣ, أ
ȥ
ʵۻӳʱĳȴӳʱظѡ񡣡
ı飬ѡ翤ѩɫʵ
û, ӳ̾˿ı֮£谭ʵǸǲ˶λս°ܿ࣬ŰֵǰݡȻһ֮ġ
ү
ͯѧʿʱ, ҹߣʲôû˵֪ʵҲԼѡ񡣡
ѩɫɫ, ת, ʵүҲţ
ǵǣŶɵҲԾˣžϵ˼, ӳָԲڴĸϣһʱȻͶˡ
 
֣뷽ʫĻѶȥһ۷׷ס
ǷŲŮȥƽסˣǸТŮʲôźļױ, ûиĸܾʱȻĺôˡ
ǣĸͱˣҲʱǻԭء
վԭأؿһ̾˿
ЩʫȻ֪հԼڷͷǡ
ˣҰɡӳȰ
ʫ̾廨ĺѰ
ǰҲᡣ
Ҳ᣿ʫȴϡԭҲвĶΪ֪ܡ
ӳʧЦʲô¸ִ
ʫ˼ЦЦ
ӳһӣͺӣ
ǰÿɻʱôһʫЦǰ꾩ͺ绹Ұء
ӣǴ㣿
Ҵ㸰磬ЩԴ˵ҺͺϾϵһֱҾô£óô˻ǣʫұ˵öԣܲܶһӡ
ӳοҲյˣҪҪ㣿
лޱģлﻹûô˻ҳߵļƻ
ʫһбңҾͰĶˡ

պͺ硣
ůҲųɢɢģŮһȫĿ⡣
ҽõϰˣʫŵض˶վһ̫עĿˡ
ɣļѼΧ˹ʫ˼ֻȥӳ
߶ͷʫһЦŲᶨࡣ
лޱӳ˹
ӳů£ѺüůлޱƺлҪ˵ȥһͻ¶졣
һлޱһھͶЦӳ
ˣ
ǰлޱ˶տ֮Ķ򣬵ĿǰûĸŮнǸԹЩҲпܡ
˵öԡӳͷߵĻ᲻޴εģٴ˾лޱһΣҲöõ͵Щ
Ҵ֣顢ʳϲñ仯ͱȽѴˣлޱüɸѡҺܿ϶ҲԿ̬ȣͿ̽ˡ
Ӵⲻǳ𣿡һŶȹŮӴǵ̸ôпμͺ簡ŸǺøϽ¼𣿡
λҲϣӳŤͷлޱ
ڡлޱĬһ˲Żشԭϴ˵ܶ˺Ĳǫǡ
ȹŮǲƽС㣬ӳȻڻصСҲеúܰϾӲҪ¼ңﵽ¼ҡ
ΧЦС㲻Ц뿪ˡ
Ȼôˣӳ̾ЩСȻ۰
лޱѸ͵ǰ
˵
лޱóһֽдˣ뿴
ӳһĿʮеɨϢ˶ͺϣ
ûлޱЩӳĶٶȣͺѣĹŮǶ
λЩⰡӳ΢΢ü
ѹлޱ̾ȷѰ졣
˵λϲ徲Ӳ뾩дССᡣ
ûȴˣҰϵԭ֮һ
ӳǱһɡ
γ֪ãã˺ѰҴߺƴ롣߻ѡݼҲֻƲѡֻΪζѡʮδ޵ĹŮܱ֤´һҲ
ʵûбİ취Ͼ£һˣҲǴѾ˼ҵٵˡ
ӳѹŮλǣ
صµĻλǽĳ
ѹЦˣԭǳôһҲǼ治ˡ
Χ仰˲٣ʱֻؿӳ뿴Ӧԡ
ͻĵ⣬ӳ΢ѵлޱ¶ˣ                        
лҪ˵лݵĵ~

 53 


˵ſӳɫյģ, ˭뵽Ϸ¶һ˿Ц⣬˿Ц⿴Ȼϡ
ǹ˶, ǰҸսǻǲڹϼ𣿡
ӳƽС, Լ, ˵ô, ߷ߵòˡ
ӳȻЦѹ׽
Сڴؿѹٴζӳѡ
ѹδ˵ߵһλòŮ׵ô, Ķǵס㣿
ѹһ£ֶӳ, Ĺ籾δ룬Ǵˡ
ѹ, ʵӦѳǽϵĸá
ϵǻ, һֱżֵܣȨȨŵš˵̱Ѷ, Լĸ÷ݣԴ˹Ҳʹ͡
ΪΪȴ̫Ϊ̫ﵱѵĸһҲⲻ˳ۡ
ѹȻ֪̫̬, ܱܣÿһȵĹҲȥμӡ
ӳ֪ܲ£ʱô˵թһթ
ѹӦȻƺûʲô⣬ӳλΪòŮһۣѹʩһ񣺡ͻˡ
ʩתµĶˮΧЦ˿ûӰ
ǲѹıӰͻȻһ䡣
̫ˣλŮ˵ʲôҿֻǵĺƤˡ
һߣӳлޱϡ
û°ɣлޱе㵣
ʲôӳڰ֣ҲһѹǸŮ١
ʲôлޱӦ㻳
ûӳףѹӲμӹһ¶֪εŮ٣Ҳ̫ϸˡ
ãȥ顣
䣬лޱԵţ˲֤
ϲλŮȷʵǽղŵѹߵģлޱũŮûʸŮٵģȹƸ˹
ߵŮ٣ƷġһѡĶһЩٻ˼ҵŮũŮȷʵδ
ȹ
ǰʱ乫ھɽ۾¹ɽ·ʧˤ䣬ߵѾ߲Ӧǡ·ס˹
ɽӳЦȻ
ޱϤڣӳǱϮŮҡпġ
ѹϲ;бվԶЩЩˤʱ¿̽ǡ·סӼòһ飬ԴԵҲһμѻ
ʱͬʱص㣬ȴһ
ӳ̾˿߻еӣ֪þ飬ȥ蹫ơ
Ҳδ̫ЩӲǽԭй̽ɵԵ
лޱЩãȻο϶
һҪȷһ¡ӳδлޱἰǱĴڣÿ˶ܽԼġȫʲô

ӳüǲиý䣿
û˵ǣ
ȻǷտ֮ĵڶŮˡӳ˼£ʹŲµ˴ѡ⡣
дտ֮ЩܸȴҪŵĽŮǸϲСӭķ
ӳεʱֻ˼ֱֵߺͬһ飬ȴ֪ΪζڽáԸ⴩λӭķ
ǰʧܺת·ߣһζŴɹŮѡ񴩳ԭоͺտ֮һŮˡΪɹʻһЩ
ȷأлޱʵԲͬⵥġ
е鷳ǲܽӳҴҹ̽
лޱˣʲô
ѹҪסڹļ֣ӳ̯֣Ȼѳⲻ󡣡
лޱŵýˣҪǱץס
ץҲû£ֻҪǵҵ̿ͻУ̲Ľڡ
ӳ˵ɣлޱѾ챻ˣǵлСֽķʽ
Լôɼƭôǰ˾ʹñأ
γԾӳΪһжɣҹͻҹ³ˡĻ˵һ껹Ҫ϶ã
ʦصأΰһ򲻴ɭϡֻƫأСŵȶһھ
ӳ˵ʱĵӽǱ롣
Ȩ˼ҵĸӳ̫Ϥˣ˼۾ͲµŮǴŻסĶ
һ·ǱйȥŮٵĵλеġӳ׾ٵذס˯еķ
˭˯һۣǰһˣĲӣ³֡ߣŶѡаɡ
Ҳ⣬ӳۼֿס졣
ȷͼкɿ֡
ߣ
ҡͷҲ֪˵ʲôǲ⣿ҹǱ빫͵ΰɣ
ӳսڷϵ֣Ҹһ´ǵĻᡣ

 54 


, ǺˣֽŲͼ㷴ӳǰʵڲ
ۿ΢, ӳ֣ô𣿡
һź޺޵ã, , ҳ˰ɣӳǲв
һвǰ, ̬˵ʵںܲǡӳ
ѼŲ, ѵߵ໰ȥ
ӳȻֻǹˣôҲΪ˶Ը߾ʹȥ޹ķ
ѼѲ֪һ㣬Щηضӳ㵽Ҫô
⻰ӦŶԣһһλص絽ӳ, ּһ䣬ҲǺܹĴ𰸡
ΪԸ𣿡ѼƺȫȻ˵õʱϲ񣬡Ҫɡ
Ϊһտ֮ӳҲͦ, ͲֱӰ𣿡
Ѽƺһ, Ƭ̺ŵҴߣӳһҪǾͲһ𣿡
ûʲô, ֮䣬
Է
ӳΪʲôҪ°ѼͻȻŭϴҪлޱ, ҿ⣬̫ŮԴ档ǷֻһũŮܸʲôô
͵˺ˣӳЦοܿʹӾҵĺôˡ
ûͻܴĺôԱȷ࣡
ܸʲôӳ档
Ѽѽʾ֭ţ磬Ƽ̫࣬ҿԸ㡣
Ƽʲô˼
ɻѼѵ⣬ûɣ
˵Щɻ
ҵȻᣬѼѾöԷʵǿЦЩѵģҪܶѧϰ
ʲô
ѼѴסˣԽС˵гĽָһᰡ
Ժϵͳףϵͳ÷ǳٷϵͳûдܡ
ѼѿϵͳϵͳҲԼ˸˵Ҫ͵£Ѽƫƫ̲סҪȥӳͺ϶һ죬ӳôô췢
ƫƫϵͳѵʱѼѻΪȻԼסڹܰȫӳ㻳Ӳ
ⲻˣϵͳһ䣬ϲⲻ⣿
ӳ飬ͻȥЩѧٻ
Ѽ᣺ֻһũŮҰ˹Ů٣ҶֻкôûкΪʲôҪң
㲻ռű˵壬ѡӳҲöţЩתʵѹأ̽ɵԵôˡÿӵ˾Ͳǰɣ
˵˵ȥǼҵѹ۰ɣѼѵǶξҲû뵽ˣܹ˭
˵ۣӳЦЦؿѹͺ϶ҵ̬ȣΪɣ
Ѽѽһ£ѹǰһ£˵һڽϲСĳײ˳˴һȡ
⵹ҲȫѼѱģڡϮŮҡбȽϺڵһξ飬˵һŮ½ݣ˸Ȣտ֮ǧ㽾ҲΪ᳦ָտ֮ѱ
дһΣΪ֤տ֮ʱѼΪĨӳιԼģ۵ӳͷϡ
ѹľˣԴȻΣοҲû뵽һũŮһĻͺϣҲΪ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôѼѵȻϡ
ӳЦЦϣϵĻھͿԿʼ´λʱ˭ˡ
ȵȣѼѴҴҸһĹ£ּæңȥҿԸ߹Ūˡ
ŪˣӳĦеѼѽŵصĻӦǹ׷ǲǻ׮Ƶһϣ
ѼѼǣ⾩ĳ˰ɣһ֣ҰƵϣһã
˵ȷУѼ¶ϲɫʱӳȴһתԼĳԼᱨ赶ɱˣ
ѼѼ·ͨ˴ҧһ᣺ҲΪɣӳûа˭Ҫô𣿡
Ϊտ֮ӳЦˣûտ֮ʱѾзչ˵󳤹ŮҲ˹٣أںԺҵ⣬ҪҵŻеٵĻᡣΪͷŹɡ
ѼҲû˵һľӡ
˰ΣżģҶΪáʵѧûȢƣɻڴġ
𣿡ӳĵü㣬ôΪõģҲòҳ֣տ֮Ѿɵˡ
˵ҵȻΪãѼѽʾ֭ţˣ䣬ɰ׳ȥõ·շãҿֱӰ׸·շɡ
ӳ̾ΪֹǸš
ѼãȻؿƺΪҪԼ
ӳҲø˼ֱͻȻ̫ˣϾǷ壬Ǿԭĺá
ӳ
ѼѼҷӳɰסǰһ仰ӳ˵š´ټɣȻҲܲôҡ                        
лҪ˵ллAllenӪҺ1ƿ~

 55 


˴, ȵ˵󣬷𾪡
ӳο뿪, ˺ξڹŮ٣ǻȥũŮ, ͲӳҪĵˡ
صۡ, ǡñҹķʫײ
𾪵ؿȥҽˣ
˯, ȥߡӳشȻˣ·ҹźɫװɢǼƽ¡

ˣͺ, ӦЩģӳʡ
ǲתƻ⣿ʫɵؿһۣʵҸǣҺ͸ĸѣΪǲͬҺ֣Ļ, Ҽ޸һҲϲˡ
Ҳ˵ѡ
ʫЦȷʵ㣬ҸĸӲֹҺ֣֣ĸµʱȴֱǺȥǰ, , 佫ûʲôǰ;ҵõŮǰȴҪȵ
㳤ˡ
ԸһǸʲôķʫ
˭أӳζؿһۡ
ڶһ, лޱݷãӳȻһ
㲻֪жൣģµڶһ𴲾˵ؽ̲Ρ
öеģӳʧЦù𣿡
û, лޱĻ˵ţһҸĸ˰ͼҴҹˣǸǲǡ
ѾˣӳԸѾ߼һ;ߣһЩŰɡ
Улޱ˳£ף÷ʢţǻܡ
ӳһлƺȫȻʳ޲Ĺأ׷ҹ֮¡
ӳҲ󲿷ʵһһлޱ󲻽̾տ֮Ҳһ棬Ƥ࣬ǿʲôطִֵšնԹŮЩ͸˰ɡ
ӳЦЦδӻ鱾޴ǴߴΪνİ飬ͣ˺޹֮ˡ
տ֮ˣǿƾ䡣
ӳͦ뿴տ֮һĥӡ
տ֮ǰַ֣ûӳš
ӳҲֵ徲ȥעıЩʲô
 
ֹЩʱգϢݵĶ̩¥ѾòʼӪˡ
ѾԸĿ¥
һжڰƻڽš

죬֦
ǿϲˮѩɫЦԭǵá
ɵӳͶˣȻ֮ˡ
һģСī⡣
ī⿴ѩɫҲǾȣѩɫ
ңѩɫЦЦҲкܾûˡ
ϴϢ˵㷢ˣīüʱھ˼ؾҪȥ£˵Ƕ̩¥ϰ彫ˣա
Ҿ֪һѩɫɫл
ͬʱ̾ʶ֮ᵽδܾΣѵֱ֮ʿ
īͷмԥؿڣôֻˣ͹ƺ׵ԭ
īеġָȻӳ
ѩɫ΢΢̾˿Щ²ǿ⣬֪˵δػţī⣬δӻܳۿǲֵǵԭ¡
īɰΣվ˵ͷ͹жϣϴμʱƺȷʵ仯ܴ󣬱еǰĳ
ǰսʱӳһķˣۼˣм

ӳ֦һ֦ˡ
һ˰ɣһҪȥ軨׷𡣡
ո
ȨµĴ̫ӣھ;ڴ˴
ȻѾ˳ȨģֺȻ
Ƣ粻ûм˸ֱӵš
ӳȻ֮Уһ֦ÿոš
㵹ˣǵҵϲãӿǺܸˣ塣
ӳӮ٣ȻЦÿǺʹ죬ͱ£һңΪҿ
ӳмֻ游Ҳ˵
游Ǹ¨ӣЦˣҲӲƫƫϲ塣
㵱ѡӳ˵ĵʵϻʵۺӣмѵζ
ãȻʡҲ¶֮ɫ
չһһֱӳͻȻڣȻµں֣֮
̣ӮˣҾ͸㡣                        
лҪ˵ллƹӪҺ4ƿ诵ӪҺ1ƿ~

 56 


һֱ, ӳʤ
ĿǰȺסԼش⡣
Ƿ֪Ĵڣӳʡ
ǵڶˡһöӷŻޡ
ӳЦЦãһ빫ִڡ
һ, ӳʤ
֪
һ֡
Ϊʲô
ϵ游ֻ֪һε, ѡ
һ, һȴʤˡ
ֵ, ΪʲôͻȻ
ͼӳӣܣеҰһࡣ
, ΣЦǿģɽӺ¶»档
Ǻ⣿
סʫ, ϱׯȥѰѦ¡
ǡӳЩ𾪵غӶӣߵͷ, ӡ֤Ĳ²⡣
лӳ֣һ, ǰҲϣֻĴ̽֯, ķ
ȴû뵽ôʹأͰ
ӿɻ󣺡Ϊ˴ڵģǻѪ, 㣬ܱȼɳĺá
Ǵҡ
ȴ̾˿ӳʱദ⻹ǵһμ̾
Ȼʴ֪֮֮꣬ȴ
γԣ
һȻ֮ΣƺȫûʶԼӳһľףһôʱ䣬Ҳûܲ鵽κһ֤ݡ
⡭ôܡӳƽؾըò֪˵ʲôá
ʹûлɹӵƺܿ͸һУƫƫǽǶʱ䣬Ȼʲأҽ졣ȽѶϻصʱһжΪʱ
ɻ游ϾʹˣǶʱһֱáӳۿˣû뵽ϾȻ㵨Ȼ˵ûв鵽κ֤ݣȽΪˣô˵ȻѾ϶߰˷֡
Щ꣬һֱڲ£ӵλˣһ֤ͬ
˭ӳԤС
ͯѧʿ
ֲãӳ˱ۣԭˣԭˡ
ع

ȻǶһеһιĸס
ӳپȻϹͷ˵׹¡
Ӧܿ죬ӵͷ׹ǰڲ¡
뵽ŮϹˣӳۿֺ˺죬Ĭ˰βſڣ֪𣿡
ҡҡͷҪ𣿡
ӳЦǸҳ˸⡣Ʊػʹ࣬ɱɱĸ֮ӳšΪáһֱ
ȴûʲô֮ͬ⣺ѡ·ͼѡ
ӳȴ̬ȣʱϰ书Ҳ͵̰ʱҲǺؽ̵ԼѡģȻѡˣͲҪ;ϡ
ΪʲôڲŸңӳʡ
ͯѧʿϹ³ӵҽ̫ûзеãͺһΪһgˡ
Ҹ㣬ƽ׺Ӽǿһ֮һĹ
ӳ΢΢˱ۣʱɫ侲лչ
ӴǸոǸʧģҪȰͷǡ
ӳЦչǺϸ񣺡ûлͷһǵùĻȻѡˣûзڵˡ
ʵȻʵǰؽѾûˣ
ӳͷʱһ취ůͳ뾩빫
Ѿƻˣӵͷһʱñ߹ġ
ᵽֺɸֵ㸸ҲǸ곯ٹôֻ֧Ҫ»һôƫƫΪ˰հԼˣǸ߷ڣڵˣ
ӳЦҲҹ¡
ߣ˯Ӧõģַһ䣬Щûһ·Ĺ
ӳǼ⣬½ݣʱ˵ģҲֻˡ
㹫壿
ʲô£ϽȥӹˣӵϴȥѲӣǰСӵСʱ䳤ˣԼСˣϲǽһϽȥѵѵ
ӳ֪ԭǴУҲֲôôӴ̽֯û˷ֹ
лӳ֣ص
лңҸˣܲǰСĸԸҪıˡ

 57 


ӳûֱȥׯ, һӸϳ㴩ȥһҲׯٴ¶ܲˡ
ֱӻԼĸۡѩɫɫЩ, Щǵؿչ˵ʲôˣ
¡һȻʿǽϰģڶĸĸȷǽɱġ
ѩɫûܷӦ, ˵ǿߵĶ, ȥ͸֦, ȻֱըԵϢ
޾Ϳ޳ɡһǴ籦Ļ游һǵŮ۰Ĺ򸾡
һ֪, Ƕͬһ֣֮ѩɫֱӳѹ
û£ӳȴֹİο޿ʲôãΪǸǶõĸο
 
, ӳŷʫůȥ˳ϡϼ̼еأ֬ˮ۳г鱦εӣһȥ, ۴α, ͷ
뷽ʫ֮ԽԽˣӳҪѡЩױ˳Ҳůһ𣬴ҲЩѡ
۹ϲøͬ, Źžɢˡ컯֮£ֶѾߣӳҲûʲôɵĵġ
ӳׯſڡ
ҲׯģСװƽ, ͽϵ̲޲֮ͬ
ӳͷңȡϰ벿Ӹ֣ǻա
ţ˵Ѿ߽ҡ
ѦѾھӭ
Ѧ£ԭӳЩϲӽ³ʱλѦ´μΡ
þòˣϰ츳ѧѦºͣչѾ˴кˡ
ҲչҪģѦƸӳһӣǵյ
ӳӣܲ˵ְ֡λ顢ʦӵϢ
ɸ̾ӵϸġ
Ŀǰھʮˣ
˷ɢڴأϵңҲˣѦ½ͣɱСʮˣǵɵǧ
ӳͷǱϮŮҡڣտ֮Ϊλ
Уֻдõ˾ǵʮˣδἰڴ֮ĵط
ˣŻΪʮ˾ˡӳڵʱͲµտ֮õĿ²ȫΪΪõõֶΣôʡ
ʮˣҲиտ֮С
ӳĿڵһҳһҳʹϺ͵ϢУտܹ֮ǴӴµ֡
ⲢϺ͵Ĵξ鷢ʱѱɱĻ֮뾩ײ¡
ʮˣȫ˸ʹϺ͡һȴɴɢΪ֯ƺȷʵûмڵıҪˡ
ʱտ֮ȴ֪֧Ĵڣ˽ⲻֻ࣬Ϊֻо⼸ʮˡ
֪ܿ˸ʹϺ͵㡣
㣬Ǵ˵еľǵһκء
κǵ̫ʦκյŮҲһλʽŮλʽһȫ𺣺κ̫ʦ˹ʽΨһŮҲκء
κһ쳤󣬽йɫ֮ˣҲ˾ǵһ֮ơ
˶˵κ㹻ˣܱλȨص̫ʦݣ׵ŮȰ
ӳҲڿǱ֪顣
κ̫ʦǸĵ¹ޣ˵κŮ˵Ȧ˽ˡ
Ҫ£ͬؼУκȥдκ̫ʦ£˵ֶ֮һ
ЩУκؼܻӭϾݿɲЩ¥Ůӿɱȵġ̫ʦŮǵһˣһһĹŮƽ￴߲ʵˣһȴлԼۣܵջ
̫ʦЩ˵ٿˣͻ١
ӳĳϼκʱвٹŮΧ죬мСٵŮֺмλŵĹԱת仰
˵ҲΪϧû֪κأ
ҲܹǣӳĹ۲κ˿˿Ҳǳ¡
ο£ЩеҲһֱھ
ӳĵһڣһλԱÿÿκصʱ򣬾ԼŮҲκص͡
Ů˯ˣԱȥͷռκءŮһֱڹС
дκرտ̫֮ʦߡ
ʱһεӳ룬տ֮˼¶
ܿ췢Լˡ

 58 


ʹϺ, κ÷
κر̫ʦ뾩ǣ˱û档
Ϻ˴, ǰն˵̫ʦκرŮˣ㽥
ϺͳҲûҪȥ̫ʦŮ, ֻҪ֪ú, ͷˡ
ٺ, ݣںڰ֮, ˺κϵ˼
ֱĳһ죬һտ֮
ʱĻ֮뾩ϺŽɢ, Щı·
ϺȻʶտ֮ǽϵһĸ֮Ӹλ
֪տ֮Ǻδ˵, տ֮ѯ, һ֪װɵװóס
ֱտ֮óɱﵣ㻹֪κЩʲôɣ
տ֮˵Ϻ͵һӦǲ, Լĵ顣
ʾտ֮˵ģʵ顣
Ϻͼ̫ʦЩòȻα, ҲԼ
ΪʹȻԴܵ鵽κصЩ꣬붼ûҪȥ
ֻԶԶؿŮǴӵӣ»߸ϡ
úܺá
ϺͺԼ޴
ʱտ֮ٴţֻҪԸΪãϺͶԸ̫ʦЩȾָκصˡ
Ϻھеֵһ£ֵǶԸ
Ϻͬտ֮飬Ҳ˸ۣտֻ֮ʮˡɢڴصˣֲֻᡣ
տ֮ǴӺδ˵ģȻ˽Ĳȫ棬֪Ĺģ
ʮ˳տ֮һѺõе˽һ·ҡֱϡ
ΪЮϺͣտ֮κؽӵոԵʱտ֮ļƣ̫ʦ顣
κأϺտ֮κģûиϺ͵Ĵڣֻ˵Լ̼һŮӱ̫ʦǰԴ
ٺļֵեɣ˸öֳŵʱտ֮ˡ
ʼ⵹̫ʦ˼ģΪ̫ʦλȨأڣտ֮ԶҪѹһͷ
ԼС̫ʦԷڳмʮĸǴʱҡ˵ģĸҲС
ƻ̫ʦùϵʱ̫ʦһԺ͡
ʱͳͷϵһСǺ֣տ֮ȻĳǷԼͼʱ˯ȡ׼
Ϻɳȥ׼壬Ϻȥ޻ء
ϺͱҼĶʱڵžеκغֵǡ
ϧĵãµʮˣеıտ֮뾩ǣеֶͬȥ
κأϺտ֮ʽΪԼŮ֮һ̫ʦŮԾӣ̫ʦһһǢ
κأͷβҲ֪һΪ
ﲢûдκصӳ֪̫ʦտ֮ߣԵǽѣǴһӵһӡ
 
ӳǱᣬᵱѦµյ
Ѧµͷֶı¥ȥǰɡ
ӳ߳ׯʫůˣѾ߶ŴССĺӣȻض顣
ʱ䣬ӳ˽˱¥
һλġʮĵСкǡ
ʲôɫʫŲ˵һ䡣
Ǿ¥ɫһԣܶ˵ﶼΪС΢Цش⣬˿֭ƬͷཷƤ
ҵȻǸϸĵСӳӵ顣
һЩСƼĲʽǲ̫ӳȫȷʵ
˵¥Ĵʮ֮һȻŶգαװλӳһС̰ɫĳš
ùͣӳůͷʫżϢԼҵƹ
λʲô£ƹЦʡ
ɽӺ¶»档
ƹɫδ䣬ײӳЦ
ӳھҵƬ̣㣬һ˷ӽš
ӹ˹֣
ϸʹӳһ
ƺϳԼЩȣӳҲռ˿ǱϮƣдϺ͵òһ˰̴һֱ쵽򦴦
ӳ֪˰ǷҲϺʼղκϵԭ֮һ
ϺͲ˵ƺڵȶԷڡ
ӳ֪ЩΪӵԸ⹩ʹҲ׵ķ
ӳҲʵû̫ʱɵ飬żɽӹҴһ£ϸʹ֪ЩκκʲôĴ
ʶԼտ֮ʹƵ̨ʣӳﰵտ֮һ䡣


 59 


κ, ϺЩȣЩ
ӳֲκĴ̫ãϸʹȥһ°ɡ
Ϻ͵ͷ, û׷κصĴβãˣϰԼԵ鵽Ķ
롣Ȼӳ¾ɲ, ϺϻһƽشչԸ°á
Ϻһ侲, δ, µ
ˣչѡ񡣡һЩ˵
ҲչλὫһëѾͷ
ΪëѾͷܴٹ⡣һŮǵۡ
ӳӿϰ, ֻΪҪΪʺϡ
ףΪŮӵò¡
һӾȵ㣿
ԭλǸոոӳϲ˵С
ӳͷҵ
Ӳ˼ͷⲻûʲô
ӳЦЦյ, Ȼصʱ̣Ŵ
վڸߴ, θԶݷ
һ곤Щ, ӳ˹֣ɻǵ£
ʦӳЩϲλҲչϰ
ǲСһǿʲôر֮, չ㡣һ
ر֮ó㲻ر֮ӳһ۹ȥѾеĶ˺š
ô֪ó㶡
ΪʦͬһˣʦЦŵǵһ˽̵ģʦ㡣
Ե÷ǳ󣺡ÿΪʲôҪѧ
á
ʱӳࣺǰǰ, ҲΪãǶ˵ҵİú֡
ôͱ£˺ɸֵؿһۡ
ϺɤӣˣˡҸһ¡
ʮ˲ȫڴ˴ʱһȰꡢһ̹Ѿмģ˴λ沢ûӳеļѡ
ӳǼϺ͵ʮһŮӣղڣϵʲôת᷽Щ
лϸʹӳҲ֪ԼԵŵ̫Ƶһ˱¶Σա
뿪ǰӳϺͣϸʹһҵĻϡ
Ϻ͵ͷ

죬ãӳһͬš
˿ϵһʵҼǵ㲻㣿
ǰһλȼҶȰӳգգۣôˣī˵£һΪ㲻ˡ
ҲûʲôҪ£͵̫ʦҹͣƾˡ
̫ʦͣӳü
ķӦЩ⣺ôˣ£ңһֱ֪İ
岻κ£ӳԥһ£ǿʵ
κôˣ
ӳҲʵ
κ̫ʦҲ̫ˣüţҲ֮ⲻھơ
ӳͷκزֻǻ¸Ҳǰѱһκأκ̫ʦ

ûô֪
һ֪㣿һĳ
˵ңӳü㣬᲻
ЦЦûش⣬ʵʲôƻ
κص÷ϺͣҴһǼһ棬ӳ˫ԸĻҴϺֱӴ̫ʦˡ
̫ʦܣˣΣջǴ˵㡣
ǿˣѰ𣬾Ȩ󣬾̫ʦࡣ
ӳͷаհ˽ߣ˽̫ʦȷʵҪʱ䡣
̫ʦҹȷκ£ҵ⣬ҿͣ˵ʱԸĻǾֱӰߡ
̫ʦν
˵˽ˡӳ
ӳˡһ顣
˵޳ܹҪֵ
Ͱ̫ʦ׵ˣ鷳
һֱܾ£Ҫü˵ܰҹķݶˣ
ӳЦˣһʶΪλ˴ΪǹӾһˣֱģηǿȨϰֱӵķʽ⡣
ãһ취תϺ͡ӳû˵ʲôĿ׻Ϊ֪ҪҲԸЩ
á
ˣȴˣһһҪ㡣ĸ֮վһûƹĻ⡣


 60 


ӳٴμϺʱ, Էϵʱȫͬѹֲסķŭ·ʵ, ӳϺᵶŵָɵ̫ʦľġ
ϸʹ
Ϻʹŵϵı, л֪κĴ, ҡ
ƺǷŭѼ, 仰û˵ȥ
ϸʹ𡣡ӳοһ䡣
ϺͿЦôܲҾȻúܺ, һ¡
ӳע⵽ڷϺ˵Ǽ¶ˡ
ӣҪ, ôκӳȰɺ, , ٵ˵ɡ
˵ϺǿԼ侲һ취
ǿ̫ʦ
Ϻûг, ǣӳ
˵ӳĻ²뷨ҵİ취
˵ϺһϲһǣǸð취᲻ѣ
ᣬӳ̹Ȼ, ¾ģϸʹƴǡ
 
䣬ع
κصҹɫ£Ȼͣ˹š
ļֶδ׳žͿһ֪Ϊ˷ֹӡ
ɡһƿ͵ۿ˿κصɫһޱ飬仰Ĳ
ɹţ˹ԷλȻǲٸκһ˽˷š
һλӳκصһ񣺡ع
Ȳ飬಻ġЩѫȴƫƫƹģԼõģһλĹŮ
ͷκ񡣡
κû˵ҲҽҪģЩ¡
ûΪῡʶʲôЩκ̫ʦǱΪˣ¹ްˡ
ܡʱվ˵ЩܺĽ
ûԸΪλȨص̫ʦ
ֱгֵˣκعž޲ϲųһ˿ȡ
߳òŮӣκڿһۣƺ˵ԭְá
һжŮ֮£κصҲû˵һ۱㴹ףָֻǸס
Ȼһ۵ĺ壬תͷʼٸӳź߰͡
ӳüһ٩˿û͵˼
һ˦ͷһǡ
ӳͷ
ʱϺҲ߳ǿѹ飬ӳһ
ֳһӣκصıĿƾˣ·ڿһ̬

ءϺ͵һ˿
κûˣϺͣʱļ·ڽգ͸磬㣿
ңԲˡ
԰ΣκصȦˡ
ӳ˳Ȼ˵䣬Ϻκض̸Ŀռ䡣
ӳϣŴǿա
ͻȻЦˣһƺûƽʱ򡣡
𣿡ӳü
룬ⶺ˼״ƺûС
ӳЦֲһƺݵæ͵еʱ⡣
һκϺʹҳۿЩ΢죬Ȼǿ޹
о𣿡ӳʡ
Ҫ뿪̫ʦκؼᶨ
뾩ɣ飬ʱ̫ʦȻ㣬뾩ͷ
Ϻ͵ͷд⡣
κӯӯ°ݣлع볤˴شһ
Ȼ֪ݶжأκ̫ʦһŵõӣƱػ̫ʦ
ȻûΪǿϾߵĳòʤλǵһˡ
ǵһˣ뵽ţκЦһһˣ̫ʦΪ̧⴫ġ
κ˵ģѫ֮ңٴϻۡˣ벻̫ʦĺ
̾˿ոջΪһ̫ʦ֮ͬˣȴ벻Լһѵõֱĺˡ
Ϊ¹粻ηǿȨǫǫӣѾˡ
κֿŮۻϳŵĻˣ˵ĶˣӳЩ˿в㱻ħˡ
Ȼ֪Էε֪µģȥ֪ͨϺͣعæʱκУӳλŮȦŮӣȴʵڱЩĶǡνŮǿ̫ࡣ
뿪ǰκػͷһۣԸ뿤Եͷϡ
¶һ˿Ц⣺㼪ԡ

 61 


Ϻʹκҹ, ̫ʦļֱ֣ڶ峿ŷ鲻ԡ
ϾҪ˶Ŀ£κ, óɫδʱ˻̫ʦ
˼Σ涼ûж
ּҪʱ, ֨ѽһˡ
һῡʵվſ, , ˿һҹģ֣ʵʲô£
ү, Ϊ׵ЦҼҹûظˡ
ʲôֻⷿбһˡ
үЦˡ
˭㿪ЦԼȥѡ
ֲʱظҪ̫ʦĹ, ֻӲͷƤ˷䡣
һȦȷʵûˣ￩һ, һ˹˹ĵĳ, κòȥ˰ʱ̫ʦҲͦҪ£Ǹӣֻա
عҲǫǫӵģ, ᲻˽ҲĳͬİãߣСİˣ͸ɴʬ崦ˣȻʸڷ˰ɣ
Ҳֱĵط룬κЩ, Щ˹ǫͣĺˣֿɼ١
æ˵ԼĲ²⣬ֶˣκأ̫ʦҪݺݷǡοصĲ£̫ʦΪģǵı꼫ǼظȢϱӡûκأԺĲԴ
Ϊ׵ø࣬ǮĵԼСκҪǳˣԼҲûˣ֪̫ʦôH£̫ʦܷŹ
ֻ֪κ֮µˣǶҪһɶ
үҪϳûʲô£뼸λ뿪ɡīĸκ뾩ŵģʱ⼸λ֣˿û֮ͬ⡣ԼѡΪŰʱ򣬾͸뵽⵽Ӧһ졣
Ǿү̫ʦɡ˾ݻλִҴһ̫ʦ֪ͨκ̫ʦ
Ϊ׵ֻ˸ۣ̫ʦĲм֮ͼӴЩֻ̫ʦڱϣҪ⼸ֻСϺס
κ̫ʦȻŭκһҪӣ˵ûû
³ʱֱӶסعǺ⣿
ϾؿˡҲ̫ʦ˼
κ̫ʦѹߣҹҺĺСŮȥͣعȻŪûˣ
κ̫ʦԣһδĹҹҹ͵ĵȥǻκ
κ̫ʦһͣǿ׼ԼҰִˡ
ܱΪûκλҹع͡κҹ͵ŻɵĹ¶У̫ʦ֮ܣκػ߱ڡ
¶Ҫˣκ̫ʦżвҸһλᣬ֮ڰ˻ҿԵһûзȻ
Цˣϣ̫ʦкκúõ𣬱ϾкܳһʱǸŮ޷ˡ
㡭
תȥͽκ̫ʦԭغ޺޵صıӰ
Ҫ˵ֱκ뾩ѾǱκ̫ʦ뿴ģκ̫ʦ
ֻ̫ʦʱȨƣҪκ֮°⵹졣
ֻͼ֮̾˿֪Щ棬ʱܳ

κ̫ʦȻ˲Ѱκأ˶ŹĶ
κ峿һ˳ǣκ̫ʦõϢʱѾˣﻹҵõ
ộ̫ʦŮκʧһѾˡ
ͷβһʱ÷з²ϡ
ֱ֪ӺδϢ˵Ǹ˽ˣ˵֮бۣҲŽ˵
ͬʱҲЩ̫ͬʦһûѪԵϵŮวŮȴ㲻Т
۵ʱˣκ̫ʦǽͷöùκصһЩԱַ֪ѯʣκأǲ֤⵹ǣ
κ̫ʦͶٴûô棬˽ŽɣͣŴߴҵκء
ѵҲҪߣ
ҪʱԼҪǵģ̫ʦֱӷȫϳȥ
ڣЩԷԾسһߡЩӣڳϽʲôԡʲôӣһЩ֪ĹԱĪ
ǰʱ䱻ͣӷòеĻʵۣȴپĴá
κ̫ʦһҲǿ׼˻ʵ۵̬ȣԽ޿֡
źǣһֱֵУÿνɱһνӣ̫ʦһûʲôɾ͸С
ֱĳһΣڳϴɹǮ蹫ѧϰĽ飬Ͽһ˿Ϊѵӡ
̫ʦһʱԱ˿ѹѧԴյĺôʹվڰն棬˿Ϊ롣һʱ䣬˷չˡ
Ⱥ鼤֮£̫ʦûü
ʵ۱ôӹӣȺУѧˣʵҲֻò鲻Ըͬǵ
ɢЩԱ˹֣лλˣ蹫ѧǧ
ոͷԷȵļλˣ侲;ЩԾһ̬ȣʲôף
һﱾ뿪ѧ
ǡ·ˣ

 62 


̫ʦϺ, ̯ǰʶ˲ԣµ̫ûü
ʱĻ, ոͷԷȵļλ
κ̫ʦ龰һʱ죬˼ԼǲӦ£һЩѡ

Ľӳ̫̿ʦһҪ챻˰ɡ
̸, ׵е, ҲЦ, ˣϴ˵κˣҪһ£
, ӳɫû
ˣɫҲʲô£˵޷
ӳ㽫һһȻʣͯѧʿ, ٵϹ
˳Ĭ
㻹𣿡ӳǡ
꿴з·Żա
ӳסڲ, ֪˶, 侲
ҲµϵǻȻЩֶΣû뵽ȻȻ֡
ӳЦ˭õأ
Ѿʼ侲, бȻһ֮ư첻¡
ӳͷͬĹ۵㡣
ʲôʡ
˭ļȵߣ˭ɾ, ӳȻг㣬»ʵǻ󣬳бεˡκ̫ʦ·
һһ䣬·ǽһԱƹз΢΢üӦٻһ֮ˣŮ̡
»λε̣񡣡ӳ
Ӧò
벻ǣȻչǰʱǰеӳҲ²⣬ܵλ˭˳Ѿչˡ
δ׷²Ӻζжϡ
ӳЩسʵ㡭ô죿
Ҳ֪ѵ¶ãȻɫãȻлż˿ʹ࣬ǹ٣Ҳ֪ôÿɱɱĸ֮ˡʱǹ٣൱̫ʦһиҷ̫ʦıͲ࣬ˣҲټ֡
ӳͷʾԼ˼ǵıʡ
סͷЩƣۡ
ӳЩۣô࣬˳Լģ˾ˣ
ĳľֻԺֵӵܣҲû˻ƫƫҪԼϱ
Ҫ£Ĭã˾Ҳ֪Ƿܶ԰ãҪҲΪ˾Ϊ˰ա
ӳ΢Цס֣㵱ȻãһΡӦ֪аտŵѹѧǶʲô壬ǿıϣ
ס֡
ӳȫ鹦㣬ֻϧò
֪ҴҪʲô
ֻ֪ʵ£ӳ̾˿Ǹɵӣ˭ϲأ
ӳסһΣߡ
ӳһ£һ֪ĸѶʱĿտ֮ҡ
£Ϊѹ
뷨ķӡһǣȥˡ
Ǹûжʵ
ָȻǴߣӳش𣺡ϴΰӷ֮󣬾ûٵõϢҲ֪ǷѾռʲô˵塣

ףû߹𣿡ӳʵ
ɫҹһˣ
ӳ裺ȫˡ
㡭ˣ̾´μǵô֣𣿻ͷҲ㡣
˹ˣչʮ֣ӳȰŰɣ̫ʦҶʱ˰ɱ㡣

˺ˣˣӳͷˣʫ֣ĻھͶ¸£ʱҪҪ
ȥμӻ磬᲻̫ˣʵº̫µҺĹϵҪ谭
Ҳԣˡ
Ҳ̫Щ
ôһƴڻе֮鵹ɢȥЩ
 
ϺͻؾˣӳЩȣΪκ
ϺЦЦҪ̫ҪҲھУûġ
κﻹ𣿡
ҪǿκأϺɫᣬҽʱи˸ֲһλ԰ȫ
ӳЩⲻȥϸʹΪҵ£κߡ
Īˣⲻһ˵£Ǹϵµ£Ϻɫο³ɣҲκ̫ʦ¹޵̨Ļᡣ
áӳ˱ۡ
ˣѾʧܵĴۡ

 63 


ϺͿеŮ, Լӳﱨ
ҽ񣬿ԻֲͬλӢˬģ
աչġ
û, ͷչңұ˹ա, мһ, ǱչĹ¶
Ժ鷳ˡ
, һڿ߰Ůʲô¾ܷԸ
, ӳͿͨǵˡȻͨķʽݼ飬Ҳ˼ţᵽĲԽ, ѾԴˡ
Щžµ֣󣬾ӿˡ
 
ֹ˶ʱ, ֣뷽ʫɻӡ
в֪˵ſ͸ĸ˵ķʫ, ļױޡ
˵̲ģԼҵŮǿ, ûиĸĳʱľ
ᵽƽǰʵ̾˿ϾҴС赽ŮޣҲܡ
ǵöԷһꡣ
ʵȫ̸ͼ޵Ķ, ˴Щ˶Էʫ֮־صŷʫ
½ûϼѣȥֳſʫСӵľ
ȴ֪ϿЩ񣬴Ӵ˶ϱⲻϲ
ƽ½ϣȻˣʫʱ˵ʮױȴҲǷˡ̧Σʮˣ̧һһļױλ˵ۡ
½죬޹񣬱Լ޽ʱ򣬻ҪǿһЩ
ֻܶ²ţʫǲΪ˳ӣѼױʯͷ
½ƽ˽к뷨ⳡʱϨ˾л
ɻڶ죬ʫЩʱԼҲǾһ£Щױ󲿷ֶǱٳֵģ֪װֵǧ¡
֣֮ĸϱļױҲǾȲѡ䲻Ϊױ٣ͿˣôļױȴҲ֮ϲˡ
֮գʫȻûȥƽ֣ȥӳϡ
ʫӳл߰ڰ֣ÿⱲӾôһΣȻҪޡ
˵գӳֿ֣٩С֣ʲôԲ£ģеڶΣ㻹ױ
֣æģҲҡ
ѷʫ޳ȥӳͷһ׮¡
ע⵽ůЩôʫˣ
ǰů̹ȻϣϦദһʱ䣬ͻȻ뿪ˣͦġ
ʱȥھУӳ˵ţͻȻ΢̾˿ھеʱգŲ̫ˡ
㣬˵ʲôӳһ仰ᣬůû
ûʲô˵뿴ͳȥɡûھʱ
 
Ԫƽʮһ꣬ġ
飬һھмδλŮ
һϣڳһۡ
˲ܻͬݣԭҲõûЮƽ췴ô죿
ϣȻֱ˵½췴ôֱףίģҲô˼
أŮ̽ӣ̫Щ
ʵȻҲҽܷŻݣʲôɶֱӲʣϾȥ
ϵǺܰϧԼϣٹ̨ܸ£Ҹûʵɡ
£ǻݰһλȰʵһλԣһ룬λЩظ̫ܶµİʾ
Ȼһʵ˵̫飬λΪ´ˡ̿ĵؿʼȰ˵¡
ȰĻʵͷˣŶԷļ޲ˣǸȥ
ô˲˵ˣƽʱȰ޲ҪҪǸʱǺ˵𣿿ŵһȺ۹۱ǱǹģȻ˴λϲظӣʵķ޷ޡ
һɨȥһб飬ʵ̵ңкο
Σе˵üǡ
ʵ۶ͷһ˵üǣʲôǣ˵飬˵⻰˵üǣ
Ȼǹ޵İɣ
ʵ۲ٴתκ̫ʦ
κ̫ʦΪϺ꣬ܿʵ۸ˡ
Ҫ͸ɴ಻ˣô
ƫƫʵۻر˵飬ҪҸ̨¡̫ʦһֱûڲͣҲûʲôرõİ취뵱̨ס
ʱʵ۶ʹɫˣҲֻվȥ·Զһһأʱã·;ѣһӶŮĸ׻ûԼȲˡ
էһԣϸ룬һʥּٽʱô·;Զأ
ʵۻȺƺҲûиǫ̃ˣֻ˳̫ʦ̨ˣ                        
лҪ˵³ţ٣ͣһ죬~

 64 


ʵ˳, ֱ鷿һԡ
ʵۿӣԽԽ, ˤϡ
źһ۹۱ǱǹĲֻʱһ裬ڵλүˣ
Ǹֵ, ʵһ, һ, Ĳˮ侲ЩԶݻ鷳ҽ, ҲǷҲǡ
⡭һֹӡ
ô⣿ʵƳһۡ
ụ̄ʲô⣿
ٸף˵
ūžͶˣЦ, ˵ҪŮûָĸŮܹ, һͳˡ
ʵ⻰ȴǳ£ū, ˸⡣
Ϊ·ǣūŵҡ
ūţ߻ƨʵָЦ, ȴԼܳһס
˭˭Ҫһ顣ʵüͷ
ū޼ǳǱȻܷŵġ
Ŷγԣ
ūŻǵ, ǰսǻǴϻۣô꣬ͻȻͱ䱿أˣݣԱʾء
Ǹ߿ˣǹʾǱһ˸ͷԡ˵ʵȴЩӳǰǼưٳȻǵãȥҪʲô۶ӡ
ůʵһ֡
ӣūڹеżнӴ˼ţµİ۸ΣʵڲĻӡ
ʵ۵ͷƽʱڹкͻһ飬⼸ڻʵƤӵ³ġ
ʵ۲ȷʵûʲôĻֶΣҲСʮ꣬ʲôˡ
ůڲƽӻʵҲ˴ΪƺųۣҲûʲôɼɵġ
ʹůѡһɣʵ룬ֲһůܸоԵСطء
ϾӣŻݻ᲻ǷŻɽأʵ
ʲôӻأʵһǿɿãҲٴһӳϾˡ
¶ͨĿū޶ˡ񹧽
ǾˣʵİĽھУҲһȥء
ȻҪڳԵغȺһ£о
ֹգϳʱ̫Ľʹ﹬С
ԭĽ׺Ůݵͬģֻۿӱ޵˾ǣױϾһպŵִ
ǸƧʲôöʵ֮Աǣȴһοӣˣɡ
ʱƽֻӣϸŲ
õʵʾƿ
󣬳һƬȻ
ԭǾǼһֻ¹һֻ׻ڴΪס
߻ĳ̼˷ԣʲô˵ȼױǴ˳̩񰲣ʲôʵͼΡΪſϽȡ
һʱѻʵһҢ˴
һͨûʵĻŭüЦýѵø˼¶
´һӣݵ룺ѾýӴŮ̽λΰ
κ̫ʦü΢壬ʵͨ˵ݡͷһͰůҲˣľñǳס
κ̫ʦû˵ɨ˻ʵ۵ͷοôһҪʵһһ˵ҪŻȥǲôɨԶҪֹġ
Ȼʵ۱ϾҲûϡ
κ̫ʦ˵һɣ飬κʽ֮ŮǰԴԼļŮ˼޳ȥ֮⣬Ҳûʲô̫ġ
ƼˣýҲˣһѾ޹˵ůԽûʲôֵǼȻʥϾҪˣͷŻȥɡ
뵽˴Ҳڣû˵
̫ʦһ˼ˣȻҲûзԡ
˻ʵеĳλظз˼䣬¾һˡ
ʵ۱ʥּӡů̽ӽ顣
ּ̫ȸеּȥӳסůּ⡣
˵ĸײ㽹ĵȴţʱڵʥּ˿֮࣬˵ӳ뾩ֶЩʧ
ʥϵӳů˻ϣһ⡣
ûʲôӳοˣһȥ̽Ҳһġ
ôһϾԡ
ӳȴûش⣺Ѿʰˣ׼һ£һ磬ǾҪ
˵ĸײ飬ǹƼǵͷӦʡ
ɽѩǣһ·ƽӳ壬ǵݵ·Ƚ죬Ҳһ𡣡
ЩãȻ岻Ҳǰһ߹һΣϤ·
ɵӣӳеεĿһۣϾ·ľ飬·㶼ٲ
Ҳû⡣
һǵġӳÿһӵ
ѹǹ¾ͻˡο
ǰ
ӳ΢ЦǰĵܵȻ֪ʱһ𣬾Ͳ֪»ˡ
ӿŵȴʲôһ¹µҰġ

 65 


ڶ峿, ӳ˴磬ڳ⣬ܵС
ѩɫվ, Ŀһ·Զȥµĳ̡
λСıӰҪҪǰο䣬ѩɫʵ, кδ㣿
ӳԻ, ȴ˿ûеʧ, ֻǵÿüëдżּᶨˣýϵļλɡ
̲ס΢Ц, ԸӳǲҲн۲֮⡣
¶ںչΪλὫӳĻëѾͷȻҲ⡣
ʱӳû¶ʲô˴ģ, ǼᶨѸٵ׼ִнļƻ۸һ֡
 
Ϲλӣ̫СͯҲ, Ŀǰλλ
Ӽ̫, йʺǵǳӣ̳дͳ˳
κλʺĸʽ΢ɻʱ, ϻǸӵĻӡȢλȻûжߡ
ϵǻʺһȴҲûиżȮ졪ԼֵܵĻλȴʮַ˼ڼ֮ƺ⣬ûʺĸҵĵλ
̫෴, ĸߣһλӺ󣬸ֱӷ˹
Ҳ󣬵ĸѾʼΪıˡ
˼̫࣬ĳʹ棬Ӫǰϲӵģ
˵ӣʵ۶ĳ谮ҲǼٵģĸǴǱۡʱŻʵ۵ģô꣬ɫԼȴǰʵڳ϶Գ˻ϲĹȰ⡣
һ涷ҪǿˣʵȷʵϲɡţҲϲĶӡ
οɵ겻һѾ߳ĳûĸҵ֧֣ڹͶ̵ֻеĳ谮
ĸ̫ͣӼûеõǴ󱦵ϣġ
Ҳԭûʵ۲ڱֳԶӵƫ
Ҫӳ˵Ӽֱһ硣
ɵĻġ̫ǿĸ֧֣֪Լûʤ㡣
ʵ۵ƫġ
ЩĳӣûȷشĦʥ⣬϶ԶӵƫͿʼӴ
ټϻʵλεƫ̫ӺһҲԣһ̡ʱˣҲֻ
ʼãƾʲôԼһ
ӾλĶ顣
λӣ˽ѽ治ϣӳҪģҪֵϣȫעõͷöʱϾˡ
Ӻδ֣ʵ
²һ׮ֳɵ£ӳЦЦǷ
ԱѫǴӹѳɷֻҪ̫š̫⣬һ㶼׼
ǽˣδػỹö֮ѹһǷвѫҪԱȥծǲܵġҶһֻ۱һֻۣղ͵·
ϵþˣǮ͸ҪˣѹżʮǰǷοиϵ̫࣬ǣһȫǰΪ±˵˴ʵ۶ȥеĹϵ
ȻʱΪ˳ϵҵľѣιһȻʵҲЩѫƵ̫ݣټЩĻǷʮģʮ򣬾ˡ
ڽйЧȵۣҲû˱Ƶ̫ݣʹŻŻǣǸйǮʹճ
£˭˭Ը⣬ʵ۸͸¶һ򣬾ŵûƲڼң춼ûϳ
ʵһʹûϢһҲΡó˽ӵ£ʵ۾Ͱʱˡ
ǽˣʵֿʼĥ£ֱ̫ӣȥ
̫һԼʵ۵ƽʱ벻һб˲Ըӵò£ǵһ뵽
˵£̫ӿ϶Ը⣬ҲǹصˡѧǳԴΪ
ʵ۵ŭС¶첻ɵĻ㽫Σ
̫ҲɵҪˣѳˣζ⣬̸أ
ĸ̣Ȼô˵Ǿãܺˣȶء
ӵı֣Ͳ󣬻δ볯λǼᶨӵ̫ӳҪӵҲǣ
ʵ̫ܿС˼һء㣬ѵĵĻˣ̫Ӿǲɿڡ
ԼĶӣʵҲ˰ϳȥˣ̫ӱ˼Ͱ˸ˡ
үǧӡʵ۴鷿ֱɵĵڣõ˺ߵﰲο
ʵǣɵ֣֪ޣǣһ֪ޡ
ǲүĿģ׮ҲȷʵѣҲԹ˺̫ӵ¡
ɴ֮ڣӲֻ̫ӵ侮ʯ̬ûʵ۾÷ģԸԹһЩ¡
޺γ֪¼ѣʵ̾˿ԽǼѵ½ǣԽǡ
ҪȰοһ䣬ȴʵʵæʲôأ
ָľǶӣ
һ˲ǸŮˣȻҲŮ֮һ·ߵʥ費˥
Ȼ״ʱʵ˼£̫ӲɣǾҶӡ
ϲ¶ɫЦʦѧأ˵Ҫԣ˵ѧɣ͸ĸ¶һ֡
ãǺ£ӣʵҲЦݣҲԣҲҪһ¡
˵ǣֻǱҲ֪ˣϲʲôһζȥʱѧ鷨Ҳһչذ£Ҫ˲ųšҪ˵ȥЩʱգСˣȻתĿˡ
ܻʵôʾɾȫ
ԼǰʵʵҲ˼ֱ˵¶˶Ը죬͸ɴöɡ
ʾţϣԼƽĳ֮⣬Ϊǡ
漰Լӣɵƽ·ͻȻʧˣ˶Ŵ˰棬Իʵػ鷿Ӹա
񣬡ʵ۱ӱ̾˵Щôǲ޵Ŀأ޵Ķӣѵܺǲɣ
үūŲЩȻҶԸ⣬¶Ȼʮּѡ
ǻµˣʵ˵˾ĵĻΪӣôµﳯ˭֪ʲô˼أ
ûҽ仰
ʵҡҡͷҲټ⣬תʵ㣬ô£
ūﶮЩЦũңӻжβɻǾ͸ɴһȥ˭Ҳж˲ǣ
үĬκͻȻˣʥּ̫ӡӼɹͬ׷ֹǷһ¡


 66 


˵ʵ۵ּ, ӳ˿ּһ£λļƻǳɹһ롣
Ȼ, λ֮ͬˮ¡Уһ߻á
ӳע⵽ѩɫɫ󣺡ʲôʰɡ
ֻ, Ͽƺǻ۲, ܶȡλأѩɫʳеɻ
ܶӸλ, ͻȵţӳͣҪöࡣ
ԭˡѩɫͷ
 
, ӳѩɫţھһϾʱ⡣
ȴڱ¥һλôϤĹԱ
Է־ϲ벻㣬ɻǵ¹٣
˵ĹԱ, ʮͣʱеС룬ʱǫ
ˡӳһ, ȻԷڳ¹, ʵλǳеƷԱˡڼǰĹйһ֮Ե
С˸Եż䣬ӳҲδżϡ
һ, СȴÿţԱżһλ˷ԸС͹ġ
ӳһСϵľɾ̳ӣƿӣһϤζ˱ǶǱ¥Ƶ滨ƣôССһ̳Ҫϰ, ֵһƷԱٺݳޡ
ӳɫ΢лˡ
ض񣬡λȴ֪ʱѾվż⣬Եˡ
;ƵС£ʵȴ֪¹Ƿ뿤һ
ֲЦˣӳ˸ơ
˳£¶ǣƺĻբӣһֱϲ͵Ůӣܾףǰһ֪侹޶׵Ůӡ
һԽһ֮ԵİŮԣ⻰Щ٬ˡӳϲɫ˹ˡ
̾벻ǰһ֮ԵȻǵ¹٣ʵ¹ٻϲѡ
ȻǵáֻǵԭŲ㻶ϲ
ȴ⣬¶Цݣſһ˫øո뾩ھǼįǳ
ĻԽԽ¶ǣӳü˵˵ʲô
¹ֻʿ費ҪһλƷԱıӻ
ӻ
ŶŮӲ飬˰ѻ¹ֻѿĪҪ˷޹ھ
޹ھӳʧЦˣ⻰ȴǰѾǵһ˷ںδ
һˣЦһ֪κΪһŮΰٻģ
ӳ΢˫ۣκΪ̫ʦŮٻʲôϡ棿
棬Цϵɫӳиһȭĳ嶯κܵõٻΪʶʱ񡣡
˵ϣӳĻܲףǰ˴Ҳùκص¹еһԱ
ʶʱ񣿡
ô֪ܣ˴սӳλѾ߳ȥҾ͸㣬Σ
ӳͷѩɫ뿪䡣
żֻʣˣ˸˵ЩʲôȻǰƺЩ㶵Ůӣǲ֪Ƿκһʶʱˣ
˵أ
ھеĴõһһ𣿡־ڱصãңҵıӻھлùܶࡣ
ھйúܺãǲ˹ˡ
αعǿȰ˵Ĺϵţ˶֪ĴΣѰ
ӳܸʲôӻ
˵йŮ鷳ǲǣʲôŮȦˣֻҪһ仰ұ֤Ժ󲻸㣬ջһκһΪ˳۵ĹŮ
˳۵ĹŮˣЩҲܽӳ˵ֻȷʵһҽ˵ġ
Ϊɿˣϲ˵
ʵۡӳЦص
ʲʲôΪԼĶ⣬⡭ĪЦˡ
˭㿪Ц㲻Ҫṩӻ𣿡ӳﺬų˵˼ѵǣҸͱˣܴӱлסҵ
⡭⡭Ȼǡɫ/ѬģҲܰӦ
ʲôã
˿ӳļЩ߳ŭھеĴһƷٿɲǵѡ񡣡
͵ˣӳüƷѣߵҲûƾ㣬ܰô
һ󲻵һƷԱ㲻֪㣬ʲô
ƷԱ⼸̫ʦɵ˰ɣΪ˶󡣡ӳôвҪҪһ£
ôѣͷ˵ð̵õ˴𰸡
ӳķʽô򵥴ֱһȭͰ˴ڵء
ЩĳһܴĶûСãȻУԷЩźظ̾һ䡣
㡭ҴңãȻŭš
ǵء
ѪıӣմȴۣǰӳȻΪģ¶Ůӡ
һʳ˵İ
ӳЦЦȻǰֻЦħʵո˵κعʱҾˡ
ΪʲôΪԼѣԸģֲұġ˵ûңҲбˡ
ԸģΪҪأӳһȭΪβ˵ʶʱذٻأ
һʱҡô֪뷨
ŷܿʶԼ򲻹ӳΪƷԱҪ˶ֵĻ᣿
ĳڳϣſ֮һλ佫ƿԲ㵱ͥһ٣ȫûµľ顣
ϣǰڣöԷĶ֣˻һԲмһ䡰Ȼç򡣡
ʱżΪĳЩɸ˵ĿģûС˸˵ĻҪСǿԼѪӡ
ҪЩԼδµΧ۵Լĳ̬һϧӵԥˣʱûкˡ
ȻҲҿûȻҪǱڱ¥ȺŹ
ȭҲƽϣҲó˰ɣ˴Ȱסӳ
Ȼô˵ˣӳЦ뿴˼ƽʲôӡ
˵ּһȭȭͷרк˱֮࣬ҪǳԼϴôȥˡ
ס֣˺ֹҹйŮһңֳô󶯾˹ΧۣҲ
Ͳ˹ˡӳսץס죬ߡ
㡭Ҫʲôɫغ
¥ѣ£ӳοˤȥµģ첲ʲôġ
˷ҵǸҲöзǷ֮룡
ҿԽĵǸӳϵ˵
¶ϲɫ֮ʣӳһתκ᲻᣿
޳ܵ̽Ҳ¡᣿
ϧҲ²ᣬӳѾְӴ˳ȥһˤ͵κƵĺˡ

 67 


¥ٽֵλ, Χ̣ʱֵ˲١ͻȻһ綫׷״չΧۡ
ս, žȵط֣ڵϵľȻλˣ˶ʱ۷׷ס
˱ˤ߻, ̧ӵסԼ
Щղϵ, ֻǶĴЩ, ѾȥԱߵҽݰˡ
ҪɿһŮȵصⲻд𣿡
һ仰ְ, ˵˲ǹģԶš
ѵ̧ͷȥһŮվϴź뵣, ȴмЦ⡣
ⲻǸոӳߵѾò˶мӡ
һߵİѾʼۣУͦĹٰɣ
㶮ʲôƷĴأ
ļٵģôĹΪʲô
ô, ӳ, ҵš
κޱ͵šҲֶ̽Ůӣܾ, Ϊ룬ҲҰִֻܵʲôûʹ˲֮
Щ˵£ȴһֱûеõͷĵԽԽ, ֱգǵӳ
뷨ӳģи߹ĳȴ޷άвټھûκκܡ
ΪֻҪ͸¶һǷ˼ӳͻʶǴӦĲ
û뵽ӳܾû뵽ô
Ĳ壬ҲίܾٲҪԼ𰡡
ȥֻﰵһ
С˰˸󣬴ܿˡ
ϾֻǶ¥ѣȷʵ˵òأĺȴС
ôѵӳأκ̫ʦȴ˰˹ȥ
һ̫ʦͱκ̫ʦͷһٳ˶ˣƽʱ̫ʦЩ˶£Ϊ󲿷ʱ䶼Ǻɫ̡
̫ʦ˰죬ԲŴĻܽҪϢ
ԭӳظ󣬾ʸ̫ʦȥ˷ţŲܽһ˼Դ˵κ̫ʦŮκص£˵˵ܻ̫ʦʵڲס
κ̫ʦըΪһκص£õˮ©µĹԱǣһŲ֪
Сţȴβŭ
ʶ̫ʦŭĵ㣬æ˲ǣ¹ٵʱû̫̫࣬ʦϢŭӳز˵
أܱ֤һ˵̫ʦûص
ǡȻͣһݣ˸ֻӵơ
̫ʦ˼ؿ㵽ô쵽Ʒģ
ãȻػӡ
̫ʦŭǿʥ׷ĳΪЩЩŮϢش
Բᶨظ̫ʦ̫ʦܸĺô⣬ҲΪ̫ʦİѱ
̫ʦ˷ͷ˵ӴŮ뾩ӳΨһŮɱ˭Юƽ
⡭ҲʶԼ˸⣬¹Ҳ˵˵
˵˵̫ʦһۣˣҲָܳʲô⣬ȥٸ¾ˡ
ǣ¹ٸˡ̫ʦѵ⣬Ҳмֲұֳ
Уʱ䰲Щȥӳˡ̫ʦһ侯档
ҲҶ̫ʦΥֻܻŶӳǻ˯
Ȼӳȴֶް취ˣǵһҲһ

ӳۡ
Դѩɫתľ¥֮£ӳֺøҲᣬҹ˱
һҹһҹڼ񻹵˼ҹԵıȴһֱû
ֹ˼գӳŷΪİȫЩãлЦôҶɢ˰ɣ԰˳ɲ˱ġ
üλˣƺôˡ
ȷʵǣӳͬҸ̫ʦȥһţ˵Ϊ̫ʦ˻ܽġ
Բ̫ʦһο϶̫ʦԱأ
Ϊ̫ʦǸǳˣӳͣпܻ˶⼸ջʲô˽ӴóȻҶ֡
ҴŲµչΪҪڿˣЦϻۡ
ҪƹҪ¹£СƺĿԴ㻹ľϲɡ
ĳޣѩɫ̯̯֣žǿô£ȴȫ˵ؾɡ                        
лҪ˵л˵ĶԵĵ5ö

 68 


ӳۡ
ʱ֡
ӳ, ֱ߰һ̰ϺΪһֻһֻϺǡ
ӳȥͼЦģ˵¿, ɫοӳűǵټ۽üҵЦ, ѿϰ˵, ¶˲
Щͷ, ӳͻȻ˾ʫʷһɫɲ͡һɣ֪ɫɲ;ԡ
ԼǱϷˣʧЦɫɲŮӵġ
ҾݹҲʺӳգգ, ſٱ˵ɫɲͣҲš
˵öԣܽˡЦЦ, һЦν
ӳ˵ǰձʷ̨ˣֱʣ
ײԾӳǰ˼, ȵ֪, Ǳ㲻ܷŹԡ
õʲôɣӳʵ
һСõϺӳǰȶκ㶼˼Ůɫⷽ涨Ȼ˽п˴飬Ȼ鵽һЩɸ֮¡
˵ӳ
˶٣ЩH, ʱ˵ƽ׵θڡ
ӳʲôûʲôûȻ֪һ㣬һ㱣
룬ֲ, ɹŻֵ÷зʱȻͻ˵ˡ
ӳ˼Ҳ׷ʣɵͷʼʳոհõϺ⡣
 
˵һߣȻʲ̫ʦľ棬Ҳٶӳ֡
һƷԱĿ´Ӷ¥ˤϣȻ˰۷׷ס
Ⱥڵǿģܿ죬Ͳ֪ô˴ʱˤʱżﻹһӳ
ӳ⼸ھȷѪ꣬ǰȰĻһйأҰԵ·׷׸ǡ
ͬŶЩʵǰ˶˷۵࣬º޼ȴһ̹ȻЩ˵ֻżˣ˵仰
Ȼ˲ţʲô¶ûֻ˵仰ôˤģѵͻҪݸ¥ɣ
һԸĹԱҪΪƷԱȴڽͷʧ֮¹ڦ
Щ˵ɣҲֻܿЦ¹Ůǲö˵Ҳֻܱʧǵˡ
˱ﲻһϹ£һֺ£ôһ˵Ļ볤ʲôִ˵ֻǲԸڱ˵һŮӵĻ
ԻЩ⣬ԼһĳӳǽĿԸƫ˭֪
ûΥ̫ʦ˼ӳȥЩ鷳
ֻϵ鷳ƺЩ
ԵĻȥһһ˵ĿഫӳݵĽɫƺ
ټ˿֮У𽥷չӳԼϯԻȡ棬Ȱӳ԰ȴ߳ŭӳ¥
µҥԣ֮ǰҪôҵϲһʱ䣬ͷβ۷׷ס
ӳǷ׷ϲüңҥԵĽשߡ
ƽˣ泩һ롣
½ѩȣǻμӸŮӼľۻᣬΪ˺һӳĻ
һû˼һ졣
ڣԱʷ̨ˡ
һʼΪǼҪʧǵ£ں
ԱʧֻҪǰʧǣɴСֻҪ⴦ã˵ϼʹ
û뵽ʷ̨ȻǿŮ
û뵽ǰ»ᱻ˷֣һָֻ򶨡ǿλŮĺլ檣һŮ
ΪŮļҲҳָ֤
ǻʲôµģ
˭뵽ⵯȻǸ
գǿŮ»û˵ףʷֲ̨һǿ֮ޣԾ
Ե亹˲ˣʶһ̫ʦ
κ̫ʦϲɫİһʱ±˻ɲ
ȷʵκ̫ʦЩϵǰԻƷеʱڱ߹ι
䣬ɳļڱ߹Ȩ󣬱߹ص佫ҪϽơ
ʱˣȻЩƮƮȻ
ʱ߹λְ߽ߣиò绨ӡԵһο쵽λҲ֪ʲôʲôǿа
һκϵҵСͽսûܻһȥĽʿ˵ϵ˻սսѰһȦȴʬ嶼ûҵ
Զʱϲȥ߸ο˵ͷǿռӡ
Է֮£Ծ
˵ԷԾҲһӲδ飬ҲֻΪɷһʱ벻
ǹһأµĻں档
ûֻˣ·սũ˾˻ȥһ̸˻
û뵽һ˵Ϣ
Լʵذο˼䣬ȴңӲʶ֣鶼û¡
ҵ̫ˣȻû飬¸˼е͡
һȻʵ档
Ժ֮ǣϵҪȥһԵۣͱԵĸˣؽ
ʱ˵һɴ
䲻Ը캦¶͵͵˷ˣ˵龭󣬽Ͼ״
ڱ߹Ȩ󣬵ھɲǡ
뿪ԼҲҹԸˡ
Է䶼ˣسŵ뿪ķ󣬲µŵæ˿ӱ޸̫ʦ
ǻҹ·ϱϾδг̡ɵǰ˾ǣ̫ʦհ£ɱ˾
ҹɫУ뾩ǽһ֮ңĵطǰŻʳǵķ

 69 


³, Ҳٴڱ߹أκ̫ʦ߶ϵ˾ǡ
Ҳº̫ʦõԵİѱ, Ҳ׳Ϊ̫ʦһ̫ʦʹ
£Ҳ̫ʦ취β
ӳǰ赭дһ䡰顱, ж˶پ, ֻԼ֪
ʷ̨Եĵ, ûվʹ硣֪Ŀļˣ޲𾪡
½˵Ϣʱڲμһʫᡣ
ӳ⡪ӳǴʱŻ, ʱвٹŮΧ۷׷ס
Խ࣬½˵Խģĭɼ䣬·ӳĴ, Ŀӳļһ㡣
˵Ĵһϡ
ˮ½Ϳķ, ڹŮؾĬһ˲, תͷˮķ
ʫеĲ豭˵ͦĵ𣿼
ʫôйŮӦʱ˵
ǰ, ½ϵϺõһλȹӹվôɩӣô۸
۸ˣΣʫüŶԷƿԵ, ͻȻˡֲñӳƽʱͰôˣΪĺˬ
ǰʫٲҪ˷ѿͰ죬ʲô˵˻Ҳòˮ֮ġ
ôһͣͺûơ
ӳķʽʹ죬ͬʱҲ˰
½৵վʫңͲҰĳ˵ȥ
£
ǹƽƽξͳĳ£
ʫһ˲ŭӿǰȥ˺½졣
һ˲䣬ͻȻ뵽ӳʱô侲κ󷴶¶һЦݣҵĳ£˵㣬Ҿڴϴ
½췴سˣ˵ȥûӣҲ֪ƽܡ
ŻŻʫܶԷ߳ŭԱЩŮỳɷʫǲʲô¡
ʱʫ̹̹½췴ˡ
Χ˿˵ӣﻹжϲı
½쿴ǵæװ޹ʫ֪㲻ɩӣҲѿĻƽ
ˣûв㣬ʫЦЦͷͣһԣƾ䡣
½ҭһ£ʵʧΪŮǡ
ҵûһŮȥȴлޱ˵ڲ׽ӰԻ֮ˣһ赹Ǻܿˡ
лһʫǴңлޱһǵĹŮģ˵ˣ˲˼ΣҲٰ½˵
˵лֻ½첻ģô֪˵Ǽٻ
лޱشԱһŮͻȻڵ½ˣոᵽдʱҾˣ˵бһ𣿡
ûУ½ԳȤԱǵȥǳ𣿸˵ʲôϵ
ǹŮЦЦЦǷм½ҲҲǽ˵ģ˱ǿŮǿռӵ
˺Ȼϸ˵˵
λŮ㽫Ӹ˵һһŵ˵Щ²˸Ů֪żĸ̸𣬲þãſϸҵġ
Ϸֲҵ£ЩŮҶǺ𺳵Ĺˡ
˳ĬΣɫ죺д˵ӣ벻¡
лޱȴòƲһ䣺Щģ½˵ĳԼϯȴ˾ܾ֮£ǷҲأ
ʱҲ˷Ӧǰɫ֮ͽôܾҿࡣ
ʫ½죺½ʲô˵
½ɫһһ󣺡ⲻǻûһʷ̨ŪҲ˵
ʫЦЦû˵
ǹŮﴫЦ
½ܲ²ڳԼѼӲæҸڻ뿪ʫᡣ
ͬʱ°˼⣬Ϊʲôÿӳйص£Լҵճأ
ӳѾ˲̤˰
̶̼죬۵ķѾ˸ӡ
ѩɫ㱨ʱӳ΢ЦΪࡣ֪ʵȴӳί
ַתòûʲôİֱʣʹԵͬʱҲڹעѶ
ʵѹ£̲һͬ顣
аն̲ſڣǹٹ໤ܹƽ̲˿Цã֤ŰѰȰߡ
ѻܿյ̫ʦϣΪУ˶֪Թϵ
̫ʦϿʲô쳣˭Ҳ֪ʲô
Ҳû˻ܰ⵹̫ʦڱ̫ʦ䱣˧

 70 


һֵýͷö, ƫƫλڴʱûʵͷ۲ѡ
֮ǰʵּ̫ӡӼ˹ͬЭ߽ɹǷһ¡ǣȥ, ü˶ûõɡ
տʼãϴһװһװѵܹʱ, ì֡
ָ̫ӲԸĳλس, Ѵ߽λس֮Ƹ, ԼȥûʲôʵȨɢȥ߽ɡ
ָ̫Ϊʲô˲ߣȴȴӻʺĸ֣ǲǹԡ
˹˷, ְìͷ׼һɡ
֣֮ûͣʱ
ȥźλĻԱǱĥծһ¸Ͻ
Σ⼸λ̫, ֵ˻ʵǰ
ʵҲͷۣһƹûȥܴծ£λֵòܵĵز
׽λӵĳѾϵʼ൯, е»û, ٲѹ²Ҫҳһࡣ
ɴֹ߽ͣɹǷλøȥ, ᲻ôӡ
ɴôһôãʵԼ˵á
߽ͷöҲһƬңʼٸӳȴúС
۲񶼲㱻, ȵһںͤеϣŷ磬ű֭һʱֲ˼ܲôˡ
ֵʱ䣬ӳ˿ɫ߰ɣȥ˳¥ҵĻˡ
Щӣһֱѩɫ񵽴ԳԺȺȣ˾ʳ
ʤɣ̾ʱöˡ
˳¥λЩƫʱɫҲЩˡ˾˶һ谵С
Ŷߴ׳ӳ¶/аЦ⣬ѩɫǶЩ֮ͬ⡣
˵˭أ
С椣棿һλ׳ڵϷ
ǵģЦˣ֪ǸţҪʳ
ʲô˼׳δӦ
Ҫ֣ӳһû˴ǳլۡ͹ĸں棬ʵڲʱɫĴˡ
ѩɫӳµһֿԡ
ѩɫ΢飬
һǽ֮һλӣѩɫ¶һЦݡ
ӳȻϳӣһʱûտ֮
һŵġ
ĸߴĻ죬ƭӳǸ̻ͨС㡣Ȼʹ׼¡
տ֮һеΪ˱ӳΪ˰һӢ۾ϣӳعںá
տ֪֮ӳܴԼܴĿ׳
ȻһͻȻִ򵹶˾ӳҲ̫ˡտ֮׼ӳǻۣļƻǣȥס죬ӳܣԼһٱ
ʱֻҪǸˣøжְɣ㲻عںãҲ̬ɡ
ȻҪԼӾͺãҪ̫ݡΪӳʵذһٱҲֵ̫ˡ
ѩɫĵغ˼˻Ӧ
һ𣺡˭ȣ
漴תӣǿӳȵɣȻǣ
ͦɵġӳЦЦ
Ȼտֿ֮׳ʲôþʦصأŮӣ
ٷϻȻһ򡣡찴Լõ˵
տ֮ɫᱲʥ飬Եʥ˽̻壬Ի岻ΪҲԹۣСΪ
ȻӣҪΪ˽⣬ӳʲô
֣첻ٷϻһȭкȥ
տ֮ʹסǣǿߣ
⡭̫ðɣʶտ֮ȻҲΣһ䡣
Ӧģտ֮Ȼغ
ãǾˣ㱣ءӳشȻˡ
տ֮
ѩɫڴסԼЦ⡣
ӳ̬ȣҲû˵ʲô뿪
˵ıӰСʧЩԥʣǡ⡭𣿡
ʲô򣿡տ֮ᣬ˶ݸ˭
룬ֵϴȭ̫¸Щࡣ
տ֮ڵȦС߳ȴڼӳˡ
ҹɫѽ٣С̯λδ̯߹䣬мˡ
տ֮ŭˣԼǲסˣߣ˼Ȳȥ٣Ҳȥ˰æȻе֣
ȻԼֻӣǲ֪
ŭǰʣ߶еûװһȳһյӣû𣿡
ͦĵģӳЦЦתͷ̯ɫĸҰ
㡭տ֮촽ˣûʲôҪ˵𣿡
аӳͷϣչıѪˣʵаհͲҪڽһΰ˵ˡ
ѪΪ˭аհΪ˭տ֮ŭˣл˵𣿡
лʲôӳãȻؿ˿㲻˵Ӧ𣿡

 71 


, ˻
տ֮ϵۿӳû𣿡
ӳ޹Ȼôл㣿𣿡
տ֮ӳҲ֮٣Ժûôû졣
һֱԼĲѧ, ֻҪлᣬܷɻڴʵǸݺһͬںԺҵЩ, вѧĲ, ӪҲ, տ֮вͻ
ѲŰЩǰȻ޴档
ۿҪా, еٵĻᣬտ֮ġٴӳҲϣóΪһ
ʱӳ仰ӳһִ, òˣõһҲհˡ
տ֮˼ҪҪȼƾܣٽӹӡ
ӳƾܵĻᶼû뻹, չӶʥ, Եʥ˽̻壬ƶֵЩչһ˵ķأ
㡭㡭տָ֮ӳǲǹˣң
ӳҲôˣ֪һòȡ, ģǰһΣƽ׻ҹֵ顣һûָ㣬ôȡ
ȡ֣տ֮ţӳ˭ȡ֣Ϊܵ, ôôң
չӣעӳϾҲϼ˰ɣ
տ֮죬ͼ˵Щʲôտӳͷ飬վǸŭԣȻˣ¸ǡ
ǰɣӳ˿û˼ҹˡ
տ֮ãȻַŭί뿪ˣգ˷һӣһˣȴֻӳ޶ԡ
ʼԼӳʯĳ֮ÿƣǲԼ̫ˣ
ӳıӰ̾һǿʲôԷɻڴǱʡ
ᣬߵ˶û
ӳ̾һҲûٰ˼տ֮ϡʱգտ֮ѾҪֳȥעˡ
 
һԽԽе֤һһǰһЩûܲ鵽ˣ˵͢ڵ԰ʱ׷վָ֤Ϊ
ЩǰϷҲǲңҲǾ̫ѣڴʱ£Ƿ׷̲ʹ£˲ԶǧԶǣΪ˸һ״
һ׮׮һ̲˸永ĹԱЩĿġ
һʼ̲˻ϸɸÿµ֤ݣ˺ǷѾòˣеѲʵ֤Ѿ㹻һն
Ұ𾪣ʵ۶ŭˣһڼҪгӶֱЩ覴õĳΪ˳֡
̫ˡʵҲԲŮ֮ЩͿ£̰۾õ״ҲȻУ̰Ŀɶǹӡ
ʵ̴˳Ӧ⣬ɴһն
һǣļŹԱӰԷֱ˸ְȡ
̫ʦһԪ̫ʦȴǺϵȷ˳£Ҳû˸ҧ
ܽ˻ᣬԼ֮ǰһ׮°ͷϡ
 
Ϊȴû뵽ôһ㡣ҲЩп
ӳҲ̾˭뵽أ֮ǰҲ֪ﾡˡ
һЩ£̫ʦ϶ҲԵ̨ˣκ̫ʦȴԺ𣬡ϵûʲôź֮飬Ҳ֮ˡ
̫ʦܻһԡ
ֹ
Ҳ²£ӳЦ㱾˵ʵ۲̫ʦͲᵹ
ÿɷַֻƲΪ棬µǻ̫ʦĹͣôñ´κ̫ʦֻ̫ʦλӵĶ֮
κ̫ʦϻʵ˼ⷽʮֽô꣬Ůͣܿʵ۵Ĳɡ
ףûԣ붯̫ʦҪôͻȻѪȥգҪôûʵΪλ
ǰ߲ܣ߲̫鷳
ֵӳֹ
֪ûв³˼ֻζؿһۡ
ӳģȻǼȻʵ۲̫ʦͲᵹǾ͸׳нûʵ۵ˣͺ
ֻͬҪλһգҪ취á
ˣӳʵĻġ
ִΪһ衣
˿ȫ豸ѧգ
ѧʲôգѩɫŪģӳʼ磬Ҵֻѧ˲յһƷ衣
ʧЦ㰡

 72 


, Ǳ˷šͨżˣ档
ӳǷⷽʽܹżԺ, ˳ֽżϵȼ
ůͳѾˣ˵Ϳ, ӳȼҶ, תͷѩɫ, ȥԣ
ѩɫ˶һʱô£ôôɵ˵ˣҲͰ, ô滹˾ԣһ𣬷һĺ
ķ²ۣȻû֮ڿڣӳ˵ı, Ҳµǵ뷨
Ѿ£Ҳ֮УʲôɾȵģӳЦ
ô˵, ܾ÷ΧӦøЩǡѩɫ
ӳ, ״ԶĿӿ¾ƷƱ, ҪԴ˿ʼˡ
ѩɫ񣺡Ȼ֪ǹ֣лһɺӿô£
 
ʵǷգһನδƽҪ΢٣֪ͰǷ׷ײ, ǲǻһĹԱ伸Խõĳ²š
ʵǿλǻģƫƫľʮԼڰռ˵ǵĲɣʮַꡣ
ͷöӼң̫ﶼвһš
ʵͷۣ԰ӽйһ飬û취ȥԼĸס
ȻӶ̫ӣĶƫġ
ͻʵһ̫ƫ۵ҲǶӡ˵ϲӣʵǳǵĸϡ
ӵĸߣһͷ̫ԼߣܾŵĶϱԼ
ʵҲԩ밲趨ʡҲû¹ֻûС͵ϰߣʹ̫˽١
лʺ󣬵̫㲻̫ϣȢĸҲԣܸӴʱȻʻڣ¶Ҳֲ
»ʺ壬϶̫ٹ˽Ҳ׽ο̫ҲǸģҲûڹʺ˵ĹϵҲǿάֱƽ
ֻɲͬͲ̫евƽ绨û̫ƣСͳ̫ġ
̫ԼҲЩС˼ģҪ̫ӻӵǻˣǵĸǸֺҪѹķͷˣ
˵ӣ϶Тĸô˿϶Ǻĸ׵ġ
ɾͲͬˣʵڵ΢ʲô컯ҲҪЩ̫ġ˵̫նɲλɹҲ̫Ρ
Ͼ̫̫Ҳ֪Լòֳһֱ㰲֡
ʱλ̫֪󣬾ûˣҪ֡
һ֣ûаﵽӲ˵һ̲ˮøˣʵ۵ͷҲøˡ
 
죬ʫá
Ե£ʹӳô£֪һͨޡ
˶ӳףһ
ʱȴЩµӡ
ʲôˣóԹɫӳĻῴ
ʫʮŷȻҲҵǰ˵㲡Ҹ˼ڼ·סͬ˳·͵㲹Ʒȥȴںͬ￴˵󳤹µ·
·ȥʲôͬƽյľ·ĴԹȻ̫סǱߣǡ
ҿԺӣͷ˵ǼԺסǸƯĶŮӣѾģģʫüȻҲµʲôλ·Īң
ӳǱ·Ϊ˵ͷпܡ
ʫҡҡͷЩţϴ磬·ʹ󳤹һ޵ӣ˭뵽˽¾ˡԴ󳤹µò·Ȼ¡
ӳüλ·ʲô£̫ȡ
֪ͻƽЩ飬һʫ£ҲѰɣ
ûʲôѰģҪȥ֤ӳ˸֪󳤹һˡ
⡭ʫЩģ»᲻ô󳤹ӳ˽١
ģӳ֪ڵʲô֮ˡ
˵ţѩɫϢ֪󳤹Ůٷˡ
󳤹µЧʺܿ죬ûգ÷Եӳţһл
ͬʱһϢԭͬԺӣֻסһŮӣסһͯ


 73 


ԭ, ӳȻ
ֲǱϮУ·͵󳤹ѵغԥŮҲ˿ά
ûϸд, ӳΪ·飬ȴԭΪмҡ
ʧɢŮ, Сųк, ·ѡ˺ߡ
´δӳʵ
Դ, ˶Ȼʵӳԥ, ʵԸ棺̯ƣͯӻڵϥ£¾ܾˡ
λ·, ԽԽˡӳԷ˵ͷҴţ֪ƽʱпգһ档
Ӧ¡
, ƽӳš
, ƽӣһܣɢҲ, ǸˣΪʲôǰֱ׳
ǳ㶼ˣ
ƽͷĸףôһֱӣи̳д𣿡
ӳЦ̳ˣĵȫλû, ѵǸܴУ
ƽЦˣ漴Щƣĸ˵ǰҪһԶݼҵͯӣĸ׾ܾˡĸ׻ɣָͯľĶӡ
ӳе㾪ȵüСǶڶԹˣĻˡ
ƽ̾˿ӳһϻۣʲô⣿
ԵµݣҪʰһҺһӣټ򵥲ӳ˵ҪҪ飬һὨº롣
ƽӳԥǼ£οҪȰԼĸ룬ԥǹ¡
ĸ²˾ġƽ˰Σſڵ
ҼӸϳ²ߣֱӺϲߣиеķӡӳ˵
ʲôӣ
·ҺĶӶӽ
ⲻóԸ𣿡
»ᶮҵ˼ġӳ˸ӣ˷Ƥ¶ţȫķʽοദ֮£󳤹ܻῴ·̬бôˣ̵ȥ
·ʵ㲻ʲôˣӳϣ󳤹ѡһϡ
ƽƶǶصͷӳ£ôأ
ӳ룺Żһ٣ӳȥôϲң͸ɴȥ齨ͥ
ƽЦˣҸ׿Ǹ佫ûôס
һսûϹ佫·ܵǾǷûϹսϵ˽Ӵ֣֮ǰί˵·ǲһ·ˣҲдԭ
ƽӳֵǣԼȻûʲôԸԱϻظ׵̬ȣʼ޷顪Ů¥£ֳĴĶϧ
ټε£ǸŮҪӻǸк˴󳤹ͬʱҲûƽЩԹ֮⡣
˻ƽѩɫ̫лСӣպھһ𻮴֡
ҸɰҾ˰ɣӳ˸Դůͳ뾩¾ͷ͵͵ߣǿûô򵥡
ܿѩɫȰ
ϴμ£ƺͺͷǰˣӳЦЦΪϡķ˿룬ҾͲ鷳ˡ
˸Цѩɫȴ¶ֱɫӳҲЦ⣺ɵѾͷ
㻹ߵ𣿡ůͳ뾩ھӳҪȥδӣѩɫһֱڻر⣬ûס˳
Ҫѹӳȴûش𣬡Լѡ·
Ǹ֣ƴһƴδͿ
ʮˣ۵Ϊ˻һ˵αأӳȻչǽΪġ
ѩɫȦˡ
ӳ̾˿ͼתƻ⣺ūǲɢˣ
ǰܸսʱ´͸ǵĸۡ
ů뾩ӳͿʼѩɫźۼǲɢū͡
ѱ»᲻ЩūһЩ˾һЩɡ
Ѿˣÿӣ뿪ʱûʲôԸ
ӳͷˡ
ѩɫʣÿ˶źˣ취ͶСүݸϾĲɽѩҲ򷢻ݣ۶źˣԼأûΪԼ
վûʳڣϾʱⲻˣαΪԼÿأ
ǿԼһӣңȥһ̹
ӳѩɫıӰлᣬ밲ѩɫҲ뾩ġ
ֻɵ²̫Ը

 74 


ѵüô, Ҫȥʲôѩɫһ߸ӳױһʵ
ȥ̽ࡣ
̽ࣿѩɫ̽˭ļࣿ
, ӳЦʲô飬ѵһкܶڼѵ̽𣿡
ѩɫЦЦ, ûȥ, ֻ¼ӿٶ, ӳһӺݻķ͡

Ան̲ΣȻ˶ܽȥ̽ġ
ӳǰʵּ, ˵ǵͻΪҪȥԷһʹˮͬ⡣
صĶطҪ˲, 󲿷ηǿõġ
ӳĴԵηǰʱ߿̸Ŀռ䡣
Եɫɫή, ̧ͷӳ, һصҵ𣿡
ûôģӳηĻΪҲֵһˡ
Цһ, ȻĻ
ϣܰһæӳ͡
Ц˵ҵģڵܰϳʲôæ
󲿷ﾳָ޹֮ԩӳѶԷô˳, ӦýӦá
Աҭһ£ɴ˫Ŀٿ
Ҵȷʵ£ӳɫϣ̫ʦȻתһ仰
̫ʦЦˣҲ֪ʲô̫ʦһ˵ͼģ
㣬ӳƶֻס㣬ǰ˵ǣˮʲôҪ㣬οֻǼһС¡
˵ģΪʲôҪ㣿ԷʵˣϴμʱҴ¥ȥ
в֪¾ġȻʱķӦŻἤࡣ
⵹Ҳû
߲͡
κ̫ʦŵʲôչļˣӳʵ
ЩͷؿһۣȻµõֺαض
ӳЦˣ˿ɻǵκ̫ʦôչκصģչļˣ㵹Ƿŵġ
仰ȻԵʹɫ˱䡣ֵأǵҲļˡ
κؿκ̫ʦĹʽ֮ŮˡӳûǴĻδŮɣ
Աɫɫˣβſڵܸʲô
ʮӣ뾩
һ˵Եİӣն˵û֮ǡֻǼвƲ⣬֮ڲòμӿƾٿȡȡ
ʮӣԳǰԶȻ̫ʦʱͬգвƲ⣬˱ϳլۡͷ
ʮüǹһټ뾩úǲҪ˶֪ﳼ֮ĻҪģǲҪ̫ʦչˡ
ӳǰκʱƤһ͸˵κΪٻԸˡ
ֵԼļʱﻹô룿
κ̫ʦйʽ֮ˣµŮκұ̫ʦ˶Դأ
̫ʦԶԶƲʲôԣǱһġҪҸݵĻǶǱΪ顣
ȥ̫ʦģκ̫ʦж֪ܲ
֮ǰҲû취İֵôͬ±ǣ޲̻ޣļ˽Ӵˡֻܼκ̫ʦʱһѡǰԶˡ
ǣת̫ʦĻŭתҼϰɣ
ᣬֻΪеһ֪¸ǰãȷܺúչļˡ
Ҫתʲô
ӳԶ˵˼䡣
ҵС㣬֮ǰڱ¥ΪⱲۡ
ͬˣ
ô֪ûƭң
ӳЦˣʮѾˣķ˻̽࣬Ϣ
֪һͬ⣿ɫؿ
㻹ʲôѡأӳЦػӣһ̫ʦҵƷܱκ̫ʦҪŵùɣ
û취Ȼ˽ӳ˽̫ʦʵϣӴϾ˳Զظ֤˵Ʒκ̫ʦŷ
Ǿôˣӳɫеɶ
Զճ̾á
õӦ˴Ŀĺӳ̤δţһƬգ̿ϴηγǿҷһ֮ȴ·Ȼͬ硣
ӳ£һҲδͷ

 75 


Ҫʱ뾩, ǰӳ̫ʦ֪ϢΪҶԸ֮ˮ, и齭֪ԹĽڣʱҵȥһˡ
ʲôʱ
֪, ü, κ̫ʦǶ, ҪԸôף
ӳмֲ᣺ϧҲȥС
μ棬͵ǸˡЩ
ӳ룺Ҹ֧ɡ
裿е㾪ȣΪӳİһ򶼲Ǻ, Լˣӳ˵ӦǡҸˣŶԡ
ֻһ֧ӳЩ˼سϡ
£裬ü̧, ˮ˦͵ڣȹҡҷ, һʱԡ
豾Ǽĵ, ӳֶˬˬȴûƻ赸⾳, ۺϵüá
Ӧδӳͣ£˾ʫﻹż־֮顣
ÿɣӳü
ǳÿҵԤϡû, Ҳһ衣
Ȼˣǵǵһ˽̵ġ
ȥ¥ѧ裿Цá
ҰһΣִҪӳգգۣʱң֧ӽҵ˿
֣̲ס΢Ц
ʱ˵ûĸֵΪ裬ӳ̾״̯̯֣㿴޳
Цˣô˵Ψһһˣ
û
ҵҡףӳͷӡһǡ
лл㡣ӳͻȻ˵
лʲô
лл㣬ҵ屻ռʱǰ׾ңӳüᣬô£λãҶδػŵô졣
ǹȥˣ˵ʲô
Улл˱ңллΪҳͷԡ
Ȼ֪⣬㲻Ϊ㣬ҲȴϾӹ
ӳ˶٣ż˵ллҪȢңлл㡣㣬֪仹ǫǫӣ㣬֪ᶯġ
ûӳģЩݣӳ
ôǲǾֽ飿ӳգգۡ
ô᣿üۼ䶼Ц⣬ҿĻ
˵Ķġ
ӵ뻳֪
˾ӵƬ̣ӳָֻ̬ŵЦҲҪȥӣôΧһ
ӳ˽ᴸһȭ˵ʲô
̾һˣҸ뾩ˡ
عɲŮ鳤֮˰ӳü
ʹˣһôŮ鳤ЦֻǰûֵҶŮ鳤˰ˡ
ӳʧЦ
ӳһٸһòãʵ
ðӳЦҸٴζС
ɴʱѾţ˿ʼš
ζڵ
Ǳߵϲʳӳ͵꣬ҵеǱߵʳˡ
ίˡο
ӳЦЦزݣѾûôҪˣʵҲûʲôίģǹŮҲҪھһӣԶޣûʲô뾩ĻᡣһΪٳ¡Ѿˣ٣ǰʮ꣬Ƿ
㵹ÿ
ȻˣӳЦÿһ죬벻Ҳһ죬ܵùȥ
һˣʲôʵ
ûӳ˼£Żȳȥߣɽɡ
ɽ𡭡ЦЦȷʵӳĴ𰸡
ǲ֪ʱûңɽӣ
˱˻ԣ˼״ȻǱΪӦˡ

ʱúܿ죬գѩɫ
عѾ뾩ˡ
֪ӳͷѸ뾩ʱա
̫ġ
Ҳģֻеѹӳϣ֪ʱҪ̫ҡ
ָ취뾩
㣬ӳѩɫЦЦġ
ѩɫ̾˿Ǻοࣿ
Ҫˣ⣬ӳüҲЩΣھػȫңҲ
عܺġ
ô˵Ҹѹˡ

ˣ˵棬ӳϾǸ˴֮ˣҪǰ

 76 


ʱ, ٽʱһһȵĹҪٰˡ
⹬ǴĴͳɹ, 볼ӼҾͬ֡
ӳҲյһӣѩɫʵҪȥ𣿡
ӳе΢΢һЦȻ
統, ѩɫΪӳš
ӳһϮɫװ, ȹ׹, ȹý˿ֵĺĻͼ
ȹǰڳ̶Ƶģʱϰ忴ӳϵЧֲǮ, ֻϣŮȹʱҪһӡŪӳЦá
Ű׹°ɫ飬鲽ҡĶڷ
޺Ĵ, ޵ֱٺʲ֮䣬ǡ
ѩɫ޵
ӳЦЦ, û
̤԰, ڳĪһ˲ǸȹŮӴӵ⻺Ů, ߲ʡ
ҵУһҪҪɫǳɫӳһ£Ӻݻȴִ
չ󣬴ֹһȹ, Ǻˡ
ٹٶ󣬵ۺҲ԰һƬڵķΧпʼˡ
ܰٹΣ˭гԹ϶һƬг
룬΢
ӳһƣɫ΢΢죬ǵòﰵְĿϡ
һƬڵķΧУһ̶𣬴һƬʢ
£²ãˣһ̫ײײܽ԰̵Ļﴫ˶У˶ΪԼˣʲô
˵ʲôʵۻȻ
ˣѾһǳأ̫Ļشÿ˶С
ʵԭش˰ΣƺϢƬ̺͵ؿӳ
Ӱ£৵һ뿴ӳ
ӳȴ˿ûнŵģαϣ̬ʼˣ˵ߣֻ˻оƱһƣҼеζ
˶Ŵˣû˸ȿڣֻӳĿȴŲæЦ̾ٱڳһǼ֤ʷ
ʲôʷıλʷ𣿡ʵеŭòԹɫҲսսɪɪ
ڵŭ£ӳȴЦˣıλ⼸ִ˵Ȥ
ʵĿѣ֪Ҫǲǣ
£ھʲôӳ޹ؿůͳʱ򣬾͸뵽нա
úúãһʱû̽ף½֮ʵŭǽ޶ǲĺøر޵ģ
ر𣿡ڵѹ£ڳ˽սս˸ԣֻӳƺͲ֪ôдģʱЦ⡣
£ָʹƽͯѧʿݽϹԱ˰˰߹ؾò˱߾뽫ʿǵıλȻĳԱ߹ؽʿԴİգҪ̸ر𣿶Щ£Ļر
λϢ̫ˣڳһƬĬΨʵ۵ŭ治治
ӳЦؿ£Ļλ𣿡
һ侲ʣһȴŭ֪˵ľʲô֪էһ¶Ϊռӳˡ
˵ʲô
ӳµģƽӹ֮ƫƫмҰġҰõλƽӹ𣿡
һɺԣ죡
Ҫұ죬ܼ򵥰µͯѧʿϹģҲұ찡
ʵĿ¶ݣӳ۾ϣΪ޲ɱ𣿡
ҼȻھǣûŻȥӳ¾ƱȻŲݺӵľҲµȷɱңɱңʲôȥвҸأʲôȥ̸أ
̸ʵߣһҳӣ𽵹̸ˣּ⣬ӭУ
ӭУƾ˭İ·ʵۣһ°ɣ֪λд
ʵڻָһЩǣ֪ӳڰٹǰ˵Ѻȥ
Ѻ԰ſʱӳͻȻһЦ֪˵Ŀⶼϣһ䣺λˡ 
˻УһЦķ绪ȴУǾþò
ƽľԭԼӳ˵һ仰ҿƽҵң֪𣿡
Ȼ֪ģֻǲ¡
ʱףӳģǴ߸ϵĵ
ƽȴĪⳡЩϤ
ɣ˼Իʵ۶ģƽһ߾ӳѰ·һ߲֪ΪθܵһοС
ڳһЩӳˣĪðͬ뷨һʵ۶ǱʵҲԩ
лҪ˵лС߹ӪҺ18ƿ·ƵӪҺ10ƿ

 77 


ӳȦԼĸۡ, ﱻܿţӳճܽӴֻӹɳѾߡ
Բ²»ʵΪʲôɴڹܲҹȥɱɣҲ̫ƵӳĹˡ
, ܰ˼롣ˣѾߣûнӴκ, ʵҲû
Ҳ֪ǻʵæսϾ, ǹĥһĥӡ
ǰ, ӳμӹͬʱѩɫͳ˳ǡʱֻйѾߣÿͷ֤ӳ, ӳû˿
ӳ˵ʲô˶һûӡֱǰӳҪȥԺ͸͸ٴαʱһСġڷǡ
ʱ۹۱ǱǹļӳڵѾ, ˵㷴Ӧǲغӳһ˲ɴغһ, ó˷ŵλã׳ʿ㡣
ӳ
̫ʱ, ӳԺˮ
һѩɫŪģʱ, һƬɫͰɫţűˬ
̫ɫӵפΣſڵõʡ
ӳ·ոע⵽һ㣬½ˮһ񣺡̫
̫δ뵽ȫ, ֮ǰ̫ڴķӦֻ֡Ҫôǻ̻󲻰ҪôǼ̱
ӳƽͣûΪ⣬ûΪѱ̻ǰƽ̫
̫֮ǰ׼õĻƺûڣ̾˿ӳ֪һϲ㡣
ӳǰսʱǸ龫ǻ˴Ǯ;ȥֺ̫Լ΢΢л̫ﴹ
̫ͼ֮飬סӳ֣ӳȥȰȰ㸸òãұ֤аһգ;ûʶΡ㻹Ǹ߸ϵĳ
ﲻġºһգҲ֤ΣǸ߸ϵĻ̫
̫ݺݰӳˤӳʲô˼
ӳϴ˵㳰Ĳ⼸㲻꣬ǰҸսʱҲ龫ǡ׵ضλϣԸھһŮ𣿡
̫ɫ粻û
ӳʵʹ°ˣʵ۱Ȼɱң̫֪˵ûʵ۶Σ̫ı֤ĵ𣿡
ʶˣ̫Ҳûʲô֮⣬վӸ¿ӳҳӣôϰҵģ
̫ôһӳȴҲ˿ŭЦЦȻı֤ٵģҵı֤ģ͵ллǰҵĹ֮
̫÷ȥ
뿪ûãʵˡ
֮ǰӳôߵͼѾһҶƣʵۼݵ죬Ѿָ̻Ǹޱ
ʵ۴Ժӣδſڣӳȴȴ˸кµɫǰսƺֹ۰
󵨣£Ȼ򣡡ʵһ̫ȵ
ȫȥʵɢԺˡ
㻹֪ɣԺֻʣǶʱʵۿڣһûãǸãзʲôģͿŻƽǸعƽ
ӳû뵽ʵһڣ˵ĲǽǷʫ
˶֪㽻ãһ̱ӻ˺Ϊϣܻסʵ۵һûʲôʶŮˣ֪Թ¾ǰ
ܻסƽĸ֡ȻӽϵǻʱƽһҾޡ
ʡʡӳ밮Ĺϵʵۿƽúܡ
ðɡӳʼ磬ʵƽҲûŴӳȷ˾һŽϵģ٣ڽɹƾǰˡ
ôڰ𣿡ʵ۶ӳƺ뿴¶ûڵı顣
ӳ룺ڣһΣһǻҰΪȷ£Ҫı𡣡
αʵƺ϶ӳڼȣЦһʼ˵£Ҫдһš
ӳΣдʲôãѵһžȰҸ˱
ʵ۵ȻҲûô棬ֻǴ㽫ǰҡ½ľģддˣȻ޷顣
£вңӳµҾͺᷢʲô
ʵһ㲻Լ˵Ҳں𣿡
ˣӳһ
ʵۼ˵Ϊڴʹץס㣬ϴֵ֮ɫտ֮ھǣʱںԺҵɣ
ӳﷺ˵ͬ飬տ֮Ǿԩ                        
лҪ˵лڥӪҺ20ƿǰšСӪҺ10ƿµӪҺ2ƿѼӪҺ1ƿ~

 78 


տ֮, ӳԵø飬ں˰ɡ
ô˵, ʵ۷ЦһƺΪڹô˵Źտ֮
ﵭЦӳֶ, 㲻پڴ, תԼĵһ⣺ڹ˵Щ, ǴӺδ֪ģ
˵Ļ룬ҹƺ˵˲٣ӳ˼״, ָ֪ģ˵ıλ˵㺦ͯѧʿϹ˵°գ
Ҫ֪ʡʵɫ
ӳЦˣֻ©ܻб˷ֵһ졣
ΪЩ˻ĺ
һŻɵ, ˵֪ǲţӳ£вԱа
в壿ʵЦһ, ΪȻ, ˭ûµʱӳѵʹûв̤𣿡
йӳ̹Ȼ, ҵǰ꣬ͷ㣬Ϊ׷νİ飬˺ůͳ
㿴˶᷸ʵбһ, ƺ˵㷸ô޴Ĵô˼ָң
㿴££˺ҵļˡأλϣ£ʹ¶
㵹ݣʵЦһᲢۣΪһͷ޿ΪάȨôܹޣ
㣬£ֻܹҰģӳЦЦ֮ǰ˵ģƽӹҰģһѡˣ㱾һڡ£ƽӹܹ㣬Ҫƽӹȥ˺°գĴˡ
ӳܺã޵Ҫܵ⵽ʱʵ𺣬ƽӹ֮С޵ŭʱݿɾȲ㡣
µŭĿԴ

˼գʵ۵ŭ𡱽ʱӳѾڳִ
ҲѾ̹ϵ˵Լǡ
ǲᣬҿԣӳҲ̹ϣҲĳŰȥˡ
ʵ۶ѾߵָǱӳͳɡӳǻŭ⣬Ȼպõɹ
Ѿߣ˵һ㶼ǿ佱ˡ
һʳᾫڲϸӳŴֲ赭˴£޿̡
ѾߵĳղѾҲͦ⣬˭Ҫû˻ŷòóԣ
ӳŴɫп뷨ǰжٷʢĶͷء
ûôõ
ӳεؿ
аɣѾ˵ɴǫ́˭С»ʵ۲ܻģѾߵҲµʲôΡ
ӳһ飺
ʲôū澲ʶ֡
ס
ҪŲףѾ߲˼顣
һѾ߰Ұ飬߿ɡ
ӳϲʱ޵һۣҾ;ͶԵ
ѾĬĬ˸ۡ
ӳæȻ죬ѾһĬĬʽٳ塢ըˣ˳һ̳Ʒѳ
ӳһڣҹȻǸš
Ѿ߽ŽɵؿӳͬƷԼĽһѾ߽ţһֻľУġ
һֻСľУƽŮӣҾǷСľеġȻ¸ΣӳƬ̣ľУľзõģһָ
һԵСָ
տ֮
ǿʱ׼ӳһŭӿ˱Լ侲
տ֮ŭŭģΪߣѳݽ档
вֶΣʵڲһΪ߸еġ
ϻʵۺƣ˵ӭС˽ȴЩֶв
Ѿ󣬿֮ﶼǵһ
˰ΣͺӹѾ߲ŵһ仰ת濤ϣһξͲֻ㶫ˡ
ӳЦҲתһ仰ΪԼ为߶ծծͶָĻ·һģһ
Ѿ߳£תͷǶվüԶſ˵ūȰһ仰˳ű°ɣʱùЩ
ӳЦؿڹң
ѾӦһࣺ»һ仰ʿǷԸ˵ЩǴӺδˣ
Ҹ˵ģӳ룬տ˵Щ¶ҵġ
ӻھӳȻܰˡЩڽͷϣʵҲ޴ȥ׷֤
ڰһڴ˦Լͷϣӳȫûʲô˦ɼˡ                        
лҪ˵лʱ111ĵ~

 79 


󳤹ӲӳԺʱ, һޱ£ɹ̫
մ˼°ɫĽۣ·ϵĽ˿ӳ·΢, һ֪Ǽݻӡ
󳤹⸱ӣЦΪòϢҪ, û뵽û
ӳ̾ﲻ, մֲ赭, ҶҪвɫˡ
󳤹ϸϸ۲һ£ֻӳɫ󣬾, ֮ǰеСʵڲߡ
Ѿ߲֪ȥĶˣӳִ󳤹裬·δˣ
ʲôʱ, 㻹˼¶󳤹ŭһ䣬ǻش⣬˵, ҽӻظ, ϲ֮£ǾöԲ𱾹ڱǰССһʱ䡣
ӳ֪ͳһѹ, ·ºȤӣȻأ
󳤹ྐྵӵӣ΢΢һ飬ҲɵӣȻĿۿ֮Ϊ, ڱǰȴҪСͣܲţҲ뵽ˣҪסڱǰãź򱾹źҪĵĶࡣ
ӳҲû뵽ôչЦЦ޵´ȡ
𣿵ҲȻʵǶûʲô飬Żˣ󳤹̾һ䣬ֻһֱû¶ĺ롣
ӳʾ⣬ǲˣŻŮ˴ȣŻüƽϡǸ˱ںˣﻹںŮأ
ǹǰˣ󳤹һתһ࣬ӳڹ˵ϴλȻϴλǼ٣
ӳûش𣬷ʵţûôװɣ
ǳñ³;Źġ
ӳЦЦ¼Ȼⴳ仰дˡ
󳤹ڹϿµķӦҾԤУظ̽ǶõĻְôܡôܡ
ᵽȻʣ󳤹һһҡԳƶãǱѼ
¡ӳʵڲ֪ΰοԼ˲ıɱԼֳǱ˰ο˵ģ
˵ǰûʲô˵Ļ󳤹ۿͼ˵ôҵǶһָ顪ޡ
󳤹վ֣죬һˡ
Ů߹ӳЦЦ㣬㻹𣿡
ʫӳԭʫ󳤹Ѿ߻˽ոһֱվڽԶͷӳûע⵽
㣬ʫϾɫӳЩİ͵˸׵ͨ»취ǣ˳Ǿͨһ·ߡѾݡ
ʫƽΪ˰͵ͨ
ʫͷҸ׵ãƣسǵ˲ϸ顣³;Űžͻᷢͨˡڰǰͨϱߵǡ
󳤹ٶ̫Ҹ׼˿
ᣬл¿ȫӳȵлʵԺӷɭϣܴΪڣǲƴԺ˳ȥ
ӳлȥʱ
ʫ·󳤹
ʲôӳ̷ӦǵļƻУ
㣬˵ʫɫ㣬ĸ͸ƽʱҲһ籱һԵ֮
Ҳô
ӳԭҲȱ㣬󳤹ͻȻһԸ̾Ȼˡ
ºγԣ
հǰ˺Ѷϣ޹ǣ
ӳ̾ҳϡ
󳤹ȴЦˣ㣬ȴζ̫ܶɵΪǲ̫˵ʵҲܺá
ӳ
󳤹Һ㲻ͬҶԣ£õô˻ȱ𺦵˶Ķ࣬¾ǶԵġ
ӳҡҡͷġ
󳤹ε㱣֤Ҷ취סʫС뿪ɡ
ӳɵؿ
󳤹̾ôôִȫҲƾ׸ʣʫһʫ޹ؽҪ㹻㣬ῼǵġ
л¡
ȻĻ游ҲҵĻְ󳤹ӯڽޣȻ֪ĳܲ
ӳ˵ͷ
һѾߵķΣӳȥһ绪ڴ󳤹ȥδߵſڣ̲סͷ
Ժһѵķʫϥһ񣺡ף쿪ʤΪͯңΪЩͯƼѩ
ϤĻȻӳ뵽˵ԼһȺҪȥƽʫЩΪҪȥҽᣬǶ˵ף쿪ʤ
һˣһĻȴȫͬĳϣȫͬľ
ӳͷһġ
ЦݲãȻͬһƶƺҪԵĲһδ֪ǰ·                        
лҪ˵лӪҺ3ƿ~

 80 

º
սǵ, ؿαϣҴҶС̫࣬üʵ
ɫҰ, ɥֹ̬뼸ǰİԸѴͬ
սͣöδչֽ, սϡ
, սС̫սս
ʲôÿģʵƺŭû, һȺÿεսǽΨһһδʤ˼ҿȦס
С̫ͷ, ˵
ʵЦһ˵ɣ޵ĺִֵǳذ
ݡС̫ʵص
ʵ۾þû
С̫ŵ̧ͷ͵գȴʵڷβſڣǲҲ޴ȥ
С̫ͨһ£ūŲҡ
ʵɺذڰ֣, սﻹ˵ʲôһһɡ
սֻ£ʧ, о, С̫С͵͵̧ۿ»ʵ۵ɫһλŮò
Ůʵ, ʶһʶò⼸ִʲôӳ
ӳᵽ֣ʵİ, ƺӳĳޱȶԽĻҪһЩ
ǰߵ˲ʶֻ˵Ǵһ£п
һʵҧгݣ˭أ
ʵϲʱҧгݵصŵӳվݵ֪ݸһһ´Űյ
о漫ϣŰ֮صһ
վһЩн죬׷׳ǺȥƺӳʩΪѾϰΪ
һһºһӴ߳Ц˵һŲŮ˺̶£ǰѾҪҸȨˡ
٩ˡ
һۣſݣЦ崺磬ӳֳԨ
ǰһѹӵģǰӳʱӳʱֵҲ
һ߿޵һ˵ţǴĴάñҵΣȴܹ
Ҳۿײʧ̬ůͳݣǰߣû˸Ӵ˵ףع¸ӳԺ¡
ڸ֪ӳĸһжãֻǹƲͳĻ¸ҰϲıˣʱҾһֱ룬һõء
ӳϲȥͼԨһȣһ顣
ӡʮʱЩȵĴʵ˧ȥ̶һȹǵȣ̵ش߳
꣬͵ӳʶźֳȵģ˧ΣǿЩǷϵؽѹס
ʱټȣӳǿЦá
ģ¶εı飬ӲЦҸ
衭ӳֽӹǱֵıʦΪģ꣬ʱݡ
תһҹ衣ӳģݱʱâҫۣ衣
ʱֹԥҪҪ鸸ٸöһʫʼͿΣѡ˱졣
衱ʧΪһ֡
ӳЩϲظνһгʣ͸ź⣬˪
þòˣҵѡ
ӼģҲ΢΢ЦӳȴֽסҲҰɡ
죬żǿˣˣ˧ġ
ӿ˼鴤ǰȵݸԼá

ӳھеӣһʼʵ˳
ڽʿͬھУȥȫĺ󷽣ͻݺСүһ
ѯ˼֪ŮھУ
뼸λ칵ͨǶӳǹ࣬Ӳ㡣
δŮսοӳѣűǸܵĽεεĴС㣬еɫҲδܵ˾֮ࡣ
Ϊ֮£ڽ߿һۣǾԸʩʲôɱǲأ
ӳһʼҲָӣϾЩֽѧϳָӣǲѽʿǵ¡
ǽÿڽűʱһӳذԼѧЩۺ۵ĶһڽִʱԼļ⣬ڽȵطУİͰ˵
ڽʿУӳĲԽԽߣһνһκͽΪĳЩ߳ЩȻ
ȻָЩ죬ӳʱҲһţЩһʹӵ۵ĽĪˡ
һΣӳսϣۼֿһƥо䵹Ҳɥ֮µĽЩ˳ײٷ
ӳһھ˵ʱȻٷӳھУҲ쳣ǣһ˼
ȴֻԼŮҽ𣿡
ӳһ׼ľڣʹ
ڽʿһʣһҴ
ӳƯ֮սս󰲸ڶþҲ֪ǷǧΡ
£нʿķڷˣ˽кͽϽȥŮզģ
Ͽҵظ߶ԷŴĺá
Ͻ˸߿ˡ
ӣоԼܵ˱ӡ룬ЦŮô㣬ôܲģ                        
лҪ˵лǰŵӪҺ10ƿ~

 81 


ҵӳʱ, һȺʿм䣬һ򵥵£ͷҲûŪЩķ, ֻһ߸β״翴ĽģԽԵӢˬ
һȺںȾƴڳĺ룬Ȼ˿ͻأ
Щ, չ, һ֮, չ˰ҵģ
ټȫ̩¥֮Ȼ÷񣬽ʿǵĻʳҲáʱ, ΪףݣŪ˼ֻȫ
ӳӿȫõһ⣬һڸ̾ǰδԹֳԷǱһζ
ԱһϽЦʵôԵģ
ӳ룺Ŀ, гСھµİ״ϼСպϺͼֵ߹
ʲô˼ôڳʹ죿һλһ˵һ߸ӳ˱ƣ, Ϳȫֱ䡣
ӳһͷ, ǱյӣȻþơ
ʿǾϲʹģһʱ׷ӿƣݡ
ӳ߲, һһյ¶ǵģˣһкá
ڴ⿴ţͷһ֪ӳǺʱþġݵʱ, ȾƵġ
Ķһϸе˱
иʣð䳡ϴһ٣Ҿ֡һλϽڡ
ӳЦãеķڲͬ˵
Ǹʲôտ֮ô³̣ϽʵЩݣûЩ߰Ĵš
⣬Ҳ˶䣬Ҳ֪𰸡ŮطһֱǰЩ˻¡òӳˣֺαطҪǶѹֵľʱأ˵ʲôʵģǽտ֮ģ˵ȴһٸŮˡ
Ȼ벻ԼСŮھͳ˶ϣǳԿġѹֵĻǶԷкүƷԱҴ򣬸嵽鶼Űտ֮ˡ
һ֪ԼŮ벻ھΪŮһǰš˽ͽ֪ΪŮ˶ͬᣬ֪࣬ǶһʱĬȻԡ
ЩĵģһЩĽֹЩűȻǹʵ۹ǿ
ûʲôʵģӳЦЦ¾Ʊ˭ʱûˡðˡ
˵ʱտָ֮֮£һʱ˵㵭֮ͬ⣬ѽҪѿڶһ滻һ¡
ˬǱΪĽһ䣬Щ˼صģиӣҲǾн죬ȻȲϿôҲǸܣҲҲ£ûϲ˵Ļ
˺Ȼ壺ֲʶԭأ

ллĺ񰮣ˣӳ̹Ȼˣ˿ûŮʱɬлʶ
ڴ𾪣Ȼ߷ߵ룬ĸСӣ
˺ЦһҲʶû⡣
Ͷ˾Ļ
һƬ־ȻЦˣŮƺδܻˮ
ױˣЩԼŮ⽾߰ӣţҪǶˡ
Ȼλ֮ȨһʱĴ̫࣬䡢бʿûʲôû֮õһý档
ȻĵҲ޵ӳˣύ˼һࡣ
ϲ˺ܶ࣬ϲҲܶࡣ
ż̲סҲǲģŮˣ˭᲻أ
ӳڷվڴĽ˸뿪˾ϯ
ҹᴵոջԵۣ𽥱
û
ûУӳʼ磬ҪװһװλϽ
ӳʵһشݵʱǲûٱĸȾƣ
ӳ˽ԼֳǴȥȵģʲôúȵľƣҴ̳
Ԩ쵰
ɹˮӳתƻ⣺£
ɬǵ˵˵ˣʲôˣ
һˡǧˣһԱΣԺû֮ӳˡˡ
ĺˣǹ¹ľӡ
Ůʹ˶ףĻ᲻֪ȥϹϰݻᣬʱǸСӡ
ᵽϹ̾˿䲻رѣҲЩ顣
ǵԤ֪ԼֵܣڵǻӶغЩ֮ʿǰ׵á
ҪǰɫеĻ⣬ӳȰ棬羡칥¾ǣԸοǵӢ顣
õŵ¡ĬΣȴ˵ôһ䡣
̾һ䣬ľڵˣ֮ǰ˵ҪĿˣǺǱԣͨѩһ˿ɫʺ㲻
ȻԼŮһϲÿһƥƯ
ллӳЦ¡
ýһ꣬޲ð䱦͸ԾǷŮ
֪ůͳݣһ֪ĴҪؾ㣬̾˿ǸûãҪ뾩Ϊʡ
ÿǷǣ;ȫƬɽɣʱҲǷӹӳ٩
û⣬ЦЦ峿ҺֳҪǰǣݰźú˺̸ϡ
áӳͷǹ¾ǵ·ϣһֻ·

ڶһ磬ӳڴ¡
ǵǰòˣԽʼǳأ紫ݣ˰ǾȻλš
ҶţԶߵĻʵۻʲôˣЩСʲôϵǵӻһĹ
Խ±ʿյĹԽ˳̫ðķЩԱ
ʱ֪ݾҪ
֪ݽӳͨıʿ
һ֪¬˽֪ںδ
ȥǡ
ʽأ
Ҳȥǣӳüʲô˵Ҳһ
¬س£ƺжǰŮǷȨһС
ӳЩЦǲ˵°ɡ
¬ҧҧǿʳԼĵ⣺֪Щкΰţ
ݵ£ȫȨš
㣿¬¶ɵɫı飬ǼɵӳݣǾҪɴһ䡰㶮ʲôˡ
֪õʲô𣿡ӳʾһߵıʿǱӵݸ¬֪⼸
¬ӣдüϸйٷļ¼ӳڰռģЩ¬²ԴģȴǴ˵صļ¼
뵽ԼǰӳڿЩûʲôرĵ£һ˿亹ǲ¬Ƶ
´٣ӳƽ¬޷зֱϲŭ㲻㰡
¬Ҫ¹ᰳǰ㣿
ӳЦһᰳǹԱ̰¹ᣬ¼ԩţնǵġ´ûЩ£ʲô
ǿ˼ǣ
ݹԱ½ְ֪ͬʱάԭûб䶯
¬¶˿ıʱӳôһ䣺й޹ҲΪ֮´֪СĽȫ֮λϣʱʲôѾΪˡ
¬ʱﻹǵøոսʱӳĽСӣæͣΪ½֪ͬκ̫ʦԶݣ֪Ҳΰ
½֪ͬѱְµĹ۲ڣӳܽñû½֪ͬʩչɡ
ǣл¹ٸǡ
¬鸴ӵ뿪ˣ˴ˣȴҪͷл
ȴδʶ뿪ʱѾûʱȨǻǾתθ֪ݵλӣЩȲʩչһӳ֤ԼͬʱΪһֱѹĿڵʯͷ½֪ͬҲְͻȻһ뷨ƺλҲ
£ӳȥһȦճû̫ܵӰ죬ʱ׼ǰһվǡ
ǰǣǣƥƯİ׼뿪ʱʿͨſλŮݼ
Ůӣӳ뵽ʲôǽȥſӭǡ
ѩɫ񡣡ģȻˣʱӳȥǳǰһҪѩɫ뾩ѩɫϣʹǿдߡ
ӳҲ֪ʲôֶΣѩɫϲлŵСԹߵıпǲӳĽ顣
ӳ뾩Ǻ󣬻ʵŭ֮£ǿ˾ǸгǳصķΪ˰ȫѩɫݷһʱ䣬ӳϡ
ӳǶһӵѩɫЩŤı飬ˣҲġ
ѩɫҡҡͷҲ֪ΪҺãֻǡǴ£ÿ춼ڵģĵڶһ۵õľѶҳ룬ĥھͬ
ҺܸԸͬӳЦᣬҲϣκҹ
ѩɫ΢յ˵ͷס
ˣһƥƯĿҴȥӳΪ˱ʾҶǸ⣬ҰƥȨø㡣
ѩɫոƥ֣ѩšһиѩ֣ӳҲ֪Ƿʲô塣
ѩɫˣӳ̤ǰǵ·
δʽǣڳӪñ˰յʿϢ
һǣӳϵ˵ص
ʱ󣬳ǰȴһλ벻ˡ
κӳЩȵؿǰκأɫֹ뵱ӳھͬ
ھʱκƽڲصеľᣬԵĺɫʱȴ·̥ǰ㣬˳˳
μκ˸񣬡ѵ£ãʽһԱ˴֪뿤оɣˡ
ܺãӳĵΪˡ
ллκЦҴʱǻǸ˲¹ͷ̫ʦн컯
ˣϸʹôˣӳЩ档
Ϻͣκ΢΢üҵǺܺãͬҼ룬ҲΪƺҲûŮ鰮Ƿ˼֮ǰˡ
ңӳЦϲġ
κҧҧ᲻
κǧ뷨ӳȰ⣬ϲ̸һ̸ȻľͷһӶ᲻Ůҵ˼
ӳϺΪľͷκشЦЦӻͳһż㣺ǵĲͼ
ͷˣӳǷż㣬ʵ˵⼸һֱڷǣʿһɲýʲôķ
ûУκҡҡͷԷһ˵ӵʱͰɳſϵˡ
ԭˣллˡ
κҡҡͷҸллŶԣһ̫ʦĻᡣȨԸ̫ʦ²
κأӳǵĲͼ˽ڽ鹥ǶԲߡ
λǿЩнʿĿɰ֮ڣһǶһľôͻѸٰȦӣ˴ദɡʱһϽӳˣЦʵ
һš
Ͻ˵ͷŮ޶ʤ֮ûеΣҪٴͷ
˵ף̬ȣںܶϱʵǿġ
ǵѹα
ڽʿȻû顣
سǵλ죿нʵ
·صǣٹǳؾ͵˾ǣʵѾˣĸ󽫶ɳˡ
·սûϹһ̸ֽ֮һλЩм
Ҳô˵ǿǰҲûϹսһλЦ
֮ǰ˵Ľҭһ£ɤӣȣǿǽ츳
ӳЦҡҡͷʵȫûڹǷȥȻ·ӭС
ϸ룬ʵҲûʲô˿ˣǻ䣬ãȻڱ߹صĲûٵ߰˰ˣö佫ϻ磬ʱм佫Ը
һλκϽԽɽΪأվԸʵ˵Уʵ۴κϽͽЩ飬Ķ𣬻ɴǲǴսϲսκϽֵسˡ
˵ʵ۱ĶһУøʿӵʿһ˵֪ΪΣ̫ӺͶӾһԸǡ
һϽ١һԭ򻹲һս˻ȥý¡
һЩĽ츽͵ǰȻòָӣⳡҪΡȥ֮λֵǰҪһͷġ
˲˼үҪ򵽾ˣԺûлλɼ̳жδأȻΪ¶ϳս˴۽硣
ǵδشز˵ǰү֮ǰǾֵòɿˣһλųĽѾֳֵ˺ĵزҲҲǸĵļ岻ˣӮ˻˵ˣҪڳǰһͷ
ӳżλۣˡӣû뵽ǰüλֵòɿ׾Ǵˡ

 82 


, ˣǽǵۣҹúϢ, չǣ򲻿СӳǶ˷ֱһС·𹥶, ཫ汾š
, ڽҲͣ, š
ˣνѦ£ȥϢɡڽ֮Ĭ, Ҳδ˵λ÷صĽ·ǲͼ뿪ˡ
ӳǹ⣬ⲽԼ
ѩɫˮ, ϴȥһķ糾
ߣȷöࡣӳľͰУظ̾
ԺͲҪ˰Ҵ˴ߡ
ӳ֪, תƻ, ˣҽκκˡ
κ𣿡
ܺã, ѩɫȵı飬ӳЦɶˣھʱ˶һˡ
áѩɫͻȻЦЦ
Цʲô
ֻ룬ھʱҲһ, ѩɫھʱȻ󲿷ʱҲЦŵģʱϱ̫࣬Զûдʱ˿ڡ
ӳûнӻ
ѩɫҪô࣬㱾ңڵˡ
˭ûеж˵أӳЦˣԣһȺܲ⵱ʵۣͿԵһڵΪʲôҪҪص
ˣ
ҳͶˣӳʣܼ򵥵ĵҪĲΣȨֻȨศɵġֻҪȨ븺Σͻ˻Ʒ
ܼ򵥵ĵȴ˲ѩɫ̾
ҲǶģֻȨô꣬ˣӳҲ̾˵ƲġӢѹ˹أʵȨʴ˵Ķ
ѩɫƶǶصͷǿΪһڼأ
ѩɫӳЩ֪ңĲء㲻Щ壬Ϊ˰Ϊ˸ͯѧʿЩѩֻΪԼͼˣҲҪһ
Լ˽ȥ
ʱشҸֻҵҪ󣬡ӳͷѩɫûôôõĽʲôأڵļ¹һӣ
ѩɫȻ֪ӳ̫ϲӡ
ӳھЩүүʱûԹҲ·磬µıͲЩµûɡ
ôĳôһӱ
˵һЩ£ֵȥƴһƴģӳЦҺˣΪûİȥ
Ͷ˾ΣӳûٽͣΪ֪ѩɫǿġ
Ȼѩɫٿʱûپ⣬˵ˣҽ뾩°ɣطҾһֱʵġ
ðӳˬӦһнµ츳һ׮׮һ渵ѩɫŲѡ
Сָտ֮ģѩɫ˽ڣȵʵ
ǰҺ˴һ£Ժ˶֪տ֮ҹ·ʱСٷˣΪûʲôӣ߳ŭĽٷ˶ȥһָ
ѩɫʵۻ֪߲
ǰտ֮ԼΪֻ˽ٷˣӳҡҡͷʵ۵С˼ˡ
ѩɫʵΪͬʱЩ̿ʵ۾Ȼտ֮вͻȻտ֮еԩô£
ӳͷòͬһ䣺ȷʵͦԩ
Ǹʱ뾩ˣȻһʱǰģ᲻տ֮ĸΡͷ­
Ǹʱû뾩ܾĸΡͷ­װľ͵ľˡ
仰ӳֻ룬δڣֻЦԱµأŻɡ
뻹ͦµġѩɫЩ
ǰӳڸ͵
һҪлʹ󳤹ˣѩɫ̾Ҳ˿Уд˸
ڤڤ֮УƺۣǵӳƺͷʫҲðΣ뾩ǡ
ѾޣʫѩɫƺǸ龫ֵĹʱѩɫϰԵԳơǡˡ
ʫķΧƺЩӳ̾˿󳤹µʫֻǱΣϣܳŵҾƾǵһ졣
ѩɫܵĳأתʵ˵Ȼʵ۽ֹԱ۹Ϸκ£ڹһϯѾ龩Ǻ;Χǳˣٹһʱ䣬Ҫˡ
֪ˣһѡҵĴǣӳЦЦô˵۾ϣҳӣ
ѩɫҡҡͷܶ˶˵Ͼݹۼʷҵѻʵ󻹻˵ˣֻˡ˸̾ԭŮҲвж
ȻҳӵҲеġѩɫֲһ䡣
ӳ
 
ڶһ磬ӳװ°ȴ͸ǰӺݻȫһķ绪
ѩɫĶϵ˸Ĵָ
ӳЦЦȥ
ţӳ·𣬷ҪȥŮǸʲô
ӳǼģ²ǱϢŴžʹˡ
¥رߣ·ƾõϡӳǱû·ˡ
룬־ǴֿӳáòӳʲôǱӳģ֪Ҳδ̫Щ
Źӳָǲݰһ·ûʲôøУȻĶⴧĦ
߶ӳ˼룬һԵĸСĵЩͷˡ
ʱʱĸͶָֻţǽǽ
ȻҲıﵽԼһܴܽʵ֮սġ̫ӺͶӲԸǰ߻ʵ۲İΣ·ֲǻʵ۵ĶӣȻִܲʥּͺϵǡ
ò˵һϣԼ֪Ǻġ
һսԽһǸգָӵ·ܡ
ʵסˣܲţݹǰʷһıɹҲ˴꣬ϼĶ֮ΪԼ㹻ʱɽ뵽ݿ㣬µĹ򣬾ʹǡ
뾩ѾԶˣǣٹǳأıҪǳˡ
ǰһ䡰ҳӣ𽵹ȥ̸ڶºĴʱ˺̸                        
лҪ˵n½͵·~

 83 


̸ƨ, ʵӱ¿˰ɣ˵ʵ̸һ£нʿӦҡ
˵Щ˵̱һ, ô̸ǲ̸ܺġ
ǣ༸, ۿ򵽾, ʱ̸ʲôЦ
۷׷, ǽվֹǵȺ鼤ܣҪ˵ʲô
ڽŶԽΣհûжľ顣
ߵŻʵ۵ν̸ȴǾǱߺ̸ѡ⡣
̫ӺͶӼһ, ѲƶҪǰߵһŵӡãʵĿ׶, ջûá
һŪɣ˵ԼԸΪʷǡȻ̫СȥãʵۻĻο, ͷָɣһӡ
ǵ̫ӺͶһЦ, ʵĻλûˣôֺװкã
ʵһͨӷ, ǽŮԨӳսദгôǾͲУ
̫ӹŲӻһ䣺ӳһŮӣֵǲ˻λԨȻˡ
ʵԼԼһĶơ
˶ӣҪ̸ѡ, ǼŶԷ̸ȻɵзöԷ
̫ӲȥӲȥκ̫ʦƲδϳոǺ̸ģȻǻʵ۱ˡ
⣬һƬӪʣ̸ĵصѡڴ˴
ʵɫż̫һʡ
ǰŵĽʿûպ̸ǽ±޿֣Ƕ֡
˾ʣȻ֣ں̸صģȻӳ
ӳԾǰڻʵҲԾɻôᡣ
ʶȻһŮԼõ̸ʵ۵ɫˣֱ衣ûʸ̸Ун
ӳʼ磬˵ߡɴĳ̶ȣûʵ۶һ£ôӳͻȻô˵ˣ
Ȼڵһʱ䣬ҲûӰӺ󣬻ʵʯˡ
ŷӦӳ˼нǲܵģ̸Ǿͳױ̸ˡ
޵ҪǸ޶ã뷨ʵۿ˽ʱ
Ƣѹ֣ʱҲѾļˣʵߵȥҽ
ЦţֺõĲ£ֱӪһȴ˸գѹӪء
ΣһԵʿ˿һ·Ѱȥڲǰӳ
߼Цش˸кչþò
Σôʱòͣ
ˣûţӳ̸дսپģñ²̸Ҿø
ĺ̻ȥʵתʵۣӸɣҪֻԼѣӳ㻹Ȳһٷ
ЦūǷ֮Ѱ˵ġ
ʲôչù𣿲ĻһԵ㣿ӳ롣
һϵзưʱҲöˣһֱڷС̫౻ûͷֻæ緹ûϳԡ
̸УȴѱһߣԼһԴȣҲ̫˵ȥˡ
ϲ˵ѾһֻС̾ߡŹǵܾԳл⣬ūùˡ
ʱȴѾѾΪ꣬ǰһ˱ǵС⽡һţ桢һзưѡӳ̧ͷչվţҲҪͲŻȥ£Ա㡣
ԭվһƹˤӡ
㣬ӳЦлҳ
Ц᲻֪ūΪ
黢ӳ̾
һݣӳȻ˵ˣŽĴʤʵԽԽŭǰʱͽ鷿ֵʻһ仰ûӺãͱȥʮ塣
Ҫ̫ҽԺе㽻飬ʱ̫ҽȥͽﻹڡ
ͽܡǲʮС̫Ŷ˵ʦԲ㶪˵ʱֻоһΡ
˵ЩūŵģǼһӴɱġϻʵѵӣЩ治뷨̾Լʱ˽϶Ȼʡ
˵ԼҲ常ӵָʹ£ʵ¹ףҲ㲻ʮҳϡ
һһ߳Լ˼ʵǱסˣ˸С̫Ѱˡ
С̫ظһ·ߣӪʱгкȵ˶ɵˡ
աաչ
ëëʲôô˵˸˷ֱ¿ӡ
˵˵С̫͵ӳֹȻǻʵ˵Щģҵӳڡ
޳ӣȻ͵ӳҾһ˰ɡ
С̫࣬ߵʵڵӪʱߣһ׼Һ̸𣿡
ƣҪǻʵۻһ䲻̸ˡ
ʵ۱ĵ̣ӳҶ̬ȣ
ӳʵһھʱ򲻾̬ȣ»ûϰ𣿡
㡭
˵ģھڵϦʱûжΪʲôƵת£ҷͿ
治治ʵŭˣǺø׻ûǻ޻˳ĵ
粻ú˵ǾذɣӳشͿͣƳ֮գǻʳټ
ʵ޿̸̣ͬΪƭ޹һ𣿣
еȷô飬ӳ룬ʵûʵ۶ͷ֮ʱֲһ䣬Ǹ̫ãˡ˵ûҪСֶΣսսʤ㡣
˰ʱ⻹𣿡
ұûҪ˼ǰ㣬ϲԼʱĵλͼҷʩӳЦЦȡ衣
ʵ۱ҭһ£˵̸Ƕ޵衱Ҳ֪仰ڣֻӳʱ
ӳòɫ£ʲôҺ̸أ
ʵ۱˱ۣƺʶʱ⣬տڵ𣿡
ԡ
ԸôʮݣΪأ˱
Ҳܡʵ˵üѣӳȴܾʹ졣
㲻ܣǶûǹ
㣬ῼ𣿡ӳʣеõµĻᣬΪҪΪʮݷ
˳ʵ۵Լ˵ˣ췴ɹҲʷϵҳӡ޿Լ뵽϶ʮݡ
£ʤˣʷдʷϵҳӽ㣬ǸҷӢۣңӳЦЦֻǰ£
Ǿûʲô̸ˡʵʵ⣬ֻҪһԡ
ʵҲȫûп̸ˣ·ҪҪȥʮ㡣ӳ·ڲг⡣
Ҳ·ȷʵһͷá

 84 

·
ʵӳһ, һ顣
ӳڹϣֱָ·ıλʵ׮¼ӳ, ʵ۱Ϊ·һڽͻؿˡ
һȻǵĿ·Ļڡ
Ȼӳ, ˵ǲò, ȻʵѾ֤·ȷʵ, ֮ǰ佫ģһ佫ˣпΪ佫Ͳ, ²ĽپܾصĻȥ̫ҡˡ
·ǰŸոնǣʵ۶ʵڲʮһ
ʮ򡣡ʵػǮ
ʮӳʵ̫ں·, ȥԵһľʵҲû˿档
ɽʵԾСһ㲻ּͣۻЩûٶ˵, ҲѺ·һ, תֱʹ
·ظں棬仰Ҷ˵˿档
С̫ѽ̤ź, ʵȴֶ˶٣ֶӳ˵ΪһŮӣֺαࣿҪսҪ̸ԵŮһúü޸ˣڹ뷿廨, ʱƿϷǶС
ͻĹУӳûͼֻЦЦҶԣ廨¡
ʵҲ΢΢һЦæµȴվҪΪ°
⻰е֮Ȼʮԣʵ۵˼ҪӳɴδйŮӵǵλıɹλѵԽԨӳɣ
ӳȴ·е֮⣬Ц׼Ϳͣߡ
ʵ۴սƶصװ˳кһҰģȻó
кһҰģӳüȻ仰ΪȻҾˣҲûкһĵߡ
ߣɴ߲СڣʵЦһҲ֪ܿܵĵȴǰ̸ʲôߣЦ
Ŷһһ䣬ӳкһҰģҲûкһǻۡ
ӳǲ̫Сˣʵһ˵仰ʱѹüͣ޴һܳĻӣһԾΪ˴ĵΪһȱǻ۵õ𣿡
һʧȥλĵӳ
ʵЦЦָâ¶Ԩô᲻㣿
λεˣڳôʿĻ⻰ȻᴫԨС
ӳȴ˿ģʵ۵ԴĦȻǴġȷҰģҰĺģͬ
̾˿£̸Ѿĥĥز뿪ĪǾʮ·̫ˣ׼Ҳһ£
ʵĿļѴﵽֺӳʵ࿴ᣬȻҲԸ⻰һֱ
ʵûڣС̫ҲԸ·α·ֻɫҵضգһƲһѲš

ʵ뿪ӳ׼ȥ·ʱȴʿոʵ۶һéޣ·˵Ҫ㾮ˮϴ֣ע⵽˹ģƺʲô
㱨̵õӳӣü̴ЩˮþҽһǷж˿ǿˮǰҪ˿ڡ
ǡʿȥ
ӳ΢΢̾¶İɣʵ۵ֶҲδ̫Щ
ʵ֤ʵ۵ֶλľôӣҽھˮ˶ԡ
˶ΪľǮӣҽ򵥽ţûмʱΣᵼϢ
Իʵ۱˵Ǻ̸ʵ¶ģȰѽӶһ֣ȻԪʵ
ֶΣ޴ֱӣõȻҪֶƵУӳǲ֪˵ʲôǺá
ǿھ˰ɣ˳ǿھǷͨڻ򸽽ׯðˡ
ʿȥ
ڳھʿЩĵɫӳֳ԰Ժоÿһطʳˮȷ޶ʳá˹ġ
¶±س󣬾нʿǼΪŭ
˽ţɴ಻ҪʲôսնʹĹأߵûǵ죬Ȱ׷˵
鲢ʵʣȻӮһƬкɼҶԵԹ֮
Ҳŭƾ֮գʵֻؽյĹ
ڽʿɢȥ󣬽ӳ
ʵ۽ĻѾ˸ˣӳżɽ
ܲµͷ̸̸¡
αӳɫԶᵶ򡣡
֪ǶǺúӣºͣԨǺܺõس֮
ӳû̽ӻ˵ϻʵδ֮ѳ󵽿Բµ˵ʲôҲֹȻ֪ΪŮӲܵǻΪʣֺαض˵ЩҰġ
ԣϻʵûаǾ䡰ж˵ȥ
سѾ㹻ӳЦδǾۼξǲЩ̫ˣ                        
лҪ˵лϲõ1ƿӪҺ~

 85 


ⳡԻղδٽȥ
Ϊϸ, ŮĽᣬæȥ׼Ůˬ, ûȥ
οͬʱŮôҪһ˿˿ϸ׶еᡣ
ǵϢҪӪǰһǳ, , Խ, Խܣ⡣
á
һ
áӳ֣صͷ
Լѩɫʱˮ¸ոպõĲ衣
ӳЦſ, ˣ治֪ҪǺá
ѩɫЦЦҾһֱޣԶڿߡ
ǿɲУӳʧЦ, ôܵһӣ
ѩɫȴ˼ûм˵Ը
ӳͷҲûʲô, ˻߿ʲô, ֻңޣͲޡ
ǲˣ᲻֣ѩɫһЩӹзųĹŮ, ʱѾ绨ͣ˻ǲԸˣЩƾڹеĻܿСӣЩȥһЩ˼ҵϰ֡
ûǱָָ㣬˵ǵǹ, ˵ؽޱȡ
ѩɫ֮ԥΪϼˣĳ·̫١
ӳƺ뷨˵ҲŮ١
Ů٣ѩɫǰʱͳ˹ȻŮٵġ
ָĲǹŮ١
ѩɫָǺŮ٣Ȼ˹ºδҪŮ٣
֮ϡ
ãѩɫ¶ãȻ֮ɫ
³ɣһ乫ѧȶŮӿţٹ꣬Ůӿƾ٣Ůͨƾˡ
Ȼոλʱ϶Ҫæ峯ãؽ߾ȣЩˣŮӹѧ֮²١
ѩɫ˾𣿡ٴԶԶ˵֪
ӳɤɫ˵ھʱֻܶ
λ˸ͷѩɫ̲ס²ۡھȷѪӣ˼Ϊ
ĺһ룬Ʒ٣һ·㣬˷ʫκءѩɫ˼һʱƮԶЩʼϸӳսɿ̫ʵ÷
ӳʮ˽⣬ѩɫո뵽ˣӳͨԲµ뷨ǳ˳顣
ѵ뿶һȴˣӳûмոյĻתʵֻլ֮УÿΪһ˺ͨǶȥô룿
ѩɫ˼һ£һͬЩҺ㶷ǡ

Цģѩɫһÿ˷ѲŻһΪÿϧΪ㲢ӡ
ºܶŮӶôģ㲻Ϊǿϧ𣿡
ѩɫʵм㣿
ӳЦЦ㿴ЩŮǣС黭һ˭˵ǲ㣬ɵͷȴֻЩȡδķ˵˶٣ȻҲ˵ãÿ˶ԼҪںܶ˵ɪһ׮¡ֻǣṩһѡĻᣬһܷǲǵĵط
δػм㣬Ҳδػѡṩ·ܶŮСܵģҪ߼޵˼ά޵úĿꡣ
ҵģǸвмҺθɣӳ˵ǧ֣еŮ׷ˣеŮҲ׷ֻΪЩ׷Ůṩһ;
أѩɫͻȻʵ׷ˣ׷
ΪβܶҪӳЦſҪҲҪ
ҶˣѩɫЦЦȻǿеĻش𣬡ǡܼѣ̫սǵ֪ˡ
֪㸸ּ乫ѧŮӿţҲһڶвŮѧϽ빫ѧŮѧᱻΧ۳棬ӳ̹ȻλϣᣬҾ͸ЩʲôǷɹʧˣܽᾭͷ
Ұ󡣡
ӳ̹Ȼϣ֮ı¡
ʵ˵ĲԣҰģҰĲı£Ǳ¡
һԸԸһĸо·˵£һõ
ѩɫĬȻעΣͻȻģһ񣺡ѩɫԸΪЧȮ֮ͣóԸ
Ҫд˷ҵĿߣҪʣ˲Żϡӳ
˵ҾƷ
ӳ̿ô˵Ҳû
ǽڳ̲סҪ²ӳ֮ǰ˵̸ۻλ̫ţô߰Ҫе·˾Ͳ                        
лҪ˵лϲõӪҺ10ƿCy춹ӪҺ10ƿOvOӪҺ5ƿ~

 86 


ӳһ, ڽеءҲ𽥿ʼŮӳĹ¡
һʧǿһŮӸֽǶ˵, ôҶֵӳϢմûգѸٳ˽ͷβİĻ⡣
´ŭ, Ϊԭ͵ĻǶҪ㡢һˡ
Щӳʶ, ˼, ɷϵܸӡ
ѩ½ˣһ߾ܾӳȱ£һڼɪɪ, ½ƳǺӳͻǡ
ƽϱ½ӣ֮Աǣǰ, ½ۺһɴöԻޡ
취Ȼûãӳĳ̶, Զ½Ҫ
ӳػ, δػΪǰŮҵĶڽƳǺȥⱨ½ǣƽ֪Լͯѧʿ֮£ɲǼϣӳؿһʹġ
Žһ·֮ͻ, ̶̼£ƽԭͲïܵͷԽϡ
佫ս֮Ҳһϲͨ޲ᵶȿӳٿ˽
ϲսҲû˽ӳ, ֻܶڰȫĵطһЩسǵķԼӱҲǾ²˾ĵġ
Ҳûɽˮĵزôǽ֣ټϴʱķʫҲϣ֮ǰ޵ҧгݺ޲ûŮȴʫǧŵƳ֮ʱ
˵ƽҲռɹ۸ůЩˣջԹ͵С㶩»Լǻ˼ңȻûԼҲûϹšƽ֪Ƚλһ죬ǻ˼Ҿ˦ƽ׸
С۾ˣȥ緿ָ֣úöԴů½֮¡
һʼ޻ο䣬С㼸·òУҲ飺ůһ˵ߥȥů鷳ΪҲ֪ΪʲôǲƯ
Сĸ׸״˭֪һ۳ĸҲվߣ׸Ǵһ٣Ҫû¡
˴һָůǶԷĴղɢ
ֳӳȴԴһ֪
ڿ칦磬ףһǡ
֪ǻʵ֮ǰ¶δΪ˵ʿسһʿ̫ԡһսҪһЩ
нʿ⣺Խٽǣ˵øܲŶԣʵ۲ǰѾǵĲ־ôоû֮ǰѴأ
һὫͣүһ·ǶǿģʤԽ࣬ǾԽսʤͻԽ¡ڶԷʿǿǴһ֮սȻʿԡ
ոʵˣһҲˡ
ȻὫֲʵָҲû
ӳԣЦųپٱ
ΧһƬȻСӣأ
ƨĵģźۼһλ˵ţֻһתȷʵھһ츳˭˿ָӣ뵽ǰûйʵսأ
㻹˼˵ƨὫŭ
Цֳһš
ӳҲ̿ؿǴ֣У̾ϲķΧ
ˡһֻֽоƱߣͷȥ߾ƱľԨ
磿ӳ㲻һ򲻹ҺȾƵ𣿶ңȵıһࡣ
ǰԨĵصֱĳڸǰңвҪĸ
ԨԹ飬ӳ̲סЦ˿ûгֳھ֮顣
ԨıʱԹˣӳæ˺˲ˣұ֤ĸҪˡһһġ
ڽǰʵûһ˵̼ǵĳӳӺͽַ飬Ľһѵ
⻹ࡣԨؽоһ
ŵһյӣԨ¾Ʊ˵ʵ治Ǹöھ⼸꣬ҪʵΪˡ
ôͻȻ˵ӳھжôףոջʱԨѾؿ߹ˡ
һǺ˸Ҵ˸ţողŵģԨ͵ңҪ̫ս
ء
Ԩüӳһʱ״ÿü΢΢żţǸ湫ӣǻԼˣļӶһǾҲˡ
ԼԻλĿϧ߱ȻҲ㴧ˡ
ԻλûУΣԨЦЦһӳǰԼλһе뿴һŮʣЩϻʲô顣
ˡӳЦҡҡͷ
ýλ֪Ϊ֮ϧ߱ĻλȴŮ˻ѣ֪α顣                        
лҪ˵лĵ1öлʩ極ӪҺ50ƿڥӪҺ9ƿ~

 87 


, ˵иˣԨתٶȣӳЩӦ
ǰӳ̹Ȼش
ù𣿡Ԩʡ
ûԹ
ȻûԹ
ĿʲôҸ˻Ҫȴһ٣
㲻ֻǴЩһ, Ԩ֪֪뿪ݵʱ򣬽жС챼浯죿

ǵǸֵϷ˼ҸŮѵĹСү𣿡
ӳҲǵһԱ
ǵ, ԨЦ, ڸµ, ֻû
ҵû뵽
ŵòòѧãúһӵձѧɪɪԨ̾, ĺӡͬ顣
ӳԨʵǹ˵ЩݵºģЦЦҲǿм츳, Ȼ˭ѧѧã
㿴˵Ǻ׼˵۹Ҳһ׼Ԩζص
Ӱտ֮ӳЦЦ, Է, տܱ֮ȵϵġ
ǾͺãԨĵ̾˿ת뿪ˡ
ӳεؿıӰ, ſЦЦԴеŤĹģ΢ů
 
ۿҪӭʤ⣬з˿ûн, ӽ
ոʱñ󵨣ʱҷֱ֧ͬʱֱ𹥴С
˺ڣûٳֹǼȫ֮һǡ
ʵ֤ȷģǣ˼ҵķеľȵطϻǿࡣ
ǣС£սҵʱ򣬽ҹûкۣԨҲ˺ȦֻӳͬҹôڽʿĿ
ʱ˶Ǽƣ칦綼ûٰ졣
ǣǾǡ칦ʲôģ¾ǣٿ١
ȻƣѣҾ൱ܡ
ǾѾ൱Ѵ򣬴򾩳ǵѶȣǲضˡ
פսڼҲ֡Źʱű
ǳǰܣڴһ٣ǻжѴ򣬾нʿǶõȻⲻ˵Ľš
Ȼڴʱд˻ʵǶӵϢ
ʵߣ̫󡢻ʺͼλӹλӣᳵӣһ֧ҹӾǱ뿪ˡ
Խ󣬾ʵһҹ䣬ϼһˣˣûеһʱ䷢ֵӡ
ʵ뿪֮ǰԸ̣þá
ŽԽԽٹѾһʱûϳˡˣڹУҲһʱûз֡
ʼԴʱ򣬰ٹû߻ǽųϢΪҾǾġ
ֱλسȥʱ̵ŷֲԡ
ɣҲðҪǿд˹ֻ͢ʵۻڣô͢Ĵͷ­
һֶߣȷϣҲѡʵ۲ɣڹԱ̫ӶӵˣȫŲ͡
ٹٻˣǰʵѾˣǱ˾
Ǳ˾Ǹ𾩳ΰģ֮ǰһλþְλ࣬ѳְҲָ˱˾
ʱ˾ָϴſЦλسΧš
ʵҪҹ뿪ţƾ𣿻ʵ־ܣ⴫⼸գų֪޾в֪ʵѷǵİǣҲΪ尾
ʱڳΧס׷ʣɴҲǣʵǰʱ뾩ˡ
ԤϣȷĴ𰸣ٹٻһ
Ҳʵ뾩ЩӾȻպŷ֡˵ʵһ£˼ȸӡ
ĳλһ򱻻ʵΪظĳӣ֮ǰһֱڿֱָҳӣױдԽַ顣ʱ㶵վԲ
ԱҲ˼ңʱ䰲οֻһļ磺ڹ˵ϴλһ£㲻ţǱ˾ţҲȰŲ֪ҾڣΪԼǿˣ
̧ͷãȻʵΪԼʲô
ǸɴͶ˽ǳûʱӣѵҸұ֤ڰٹĶЩ
ôأҳӣǡΪ͢ԱӦֿ
ԱһλĻһôӣʵ۶ˣƾʲôܣ˵ҾʵԼˣڲˣǡʾͱǲ塣
ˣҲǻʵۣӦô뷨
ôӦ˼ǵ̸ֱָıλȻʣô˵ǽ֮ʦء
ǡĻ֮ǰǿڿ˵ŵ𣿡
˴ͬؿһۣ֮ǰ˭˵±¸ˣôôŲţֻҪ˵ڣͱ˵š
ġ
ŽϴλֻǴΪǽΪҸĽڣ˰סļ磬ѾʵЩˣȻӣҪΪˣΪԼǡ
ʲôԱиһ򿴲ߴ˵ĹԱһȻǴҶֱҾǸɴѳǰ
ѳǣظԱãȻظһ顣
ɱ룡ߵһæȰЩұ˵Ҳò˵ֻһ䣬ý𣿡
ɺ˵ж
Ȼؿǣ⼸꣬һһۣŭҲϧ˶˵ظ֪ϣȡΪ
ظӵͷ
ּȵ֮ӣǻλͳ̳ˡ˵䲻ģȻʵ̳ģϸûܹιĽǻδһ
أ
벻ǣѵ㲻֤ʵѳǣȫ˵Լڣȴڹڰպ洦ۼ֤ǷΪв̤֮ʱ㻹ȰɽһȰ
³ʱַдģң
˵֮𣿿սǰ֪վڳͷТ㩣Ϊ֮·ݺ󣬲֪һΪȻ֪ݣ˰ţⲻĲĻôַ£ӦҲƽϡ
˵زظڵ˵ͷģҲѡѳǡ
˿ԱһϯĹԱҲ˼ܾͲѡġǵĸҲơլۡҵھǡҪܵĻҪ롣οܵӣע룬ҪǸųԿ࡭
˼룬мղضһ˲µѡͶĹԱŲ
ո˵ö԰ǴͳЧҵȻǻҡİοԼ
ӳλŻλǸ˲š
ʱû˵ⷬո˵ʵǶ֮¡һһƬȻ
ʵ°ٹ٣ǶӣܷĳĴԲǸʵ¼λһĵУѡ˺ߡ

 88 


ʵЯʺλӴ, ֪µĹԱȨһƬң˿ûʵ˼ؼҾټ˼ҾʹǸ֪˴¡
һʮʮ, յĹ򣬾Ǽ˽֪
ǻŲѣسǵľʿҲʧȥ˶־ʵ۶, ҲٺʳǵĿںš
ټϻʵʱѼλӶ, ݴʩ˶û, Ⱥ֮£Ҳ֯ʲôЧĿ
ʿ֮£Ǿ, سǵĽʿԵصֿһ͸ɴѡͶ
˶ӣж˱˴ϲлӵĲšΪǻѵһأ˵ʵӴǰ, ׼ʮյĿ˳ڽֵĴ㣬ȴû뵽ɾǳء
ɼʵǶӵΪ, ʿĴжء
Ƶķ·Ϸһ, ˽ʵ۵̰ƽӹ޶ۣӳҪʹʲôıѽһɱ֮
, ûеһʱʴǣҲûмŵһʱʹ
֧СӣֱȥڣҲԱȨǳ˸裬֪ޱҪ, ģ
Щ鶼ú󣬽ڵյ峿ʱǡ
ǵ˰ʱȥ˻ţвٴ󵨵ģڽֵ߼еΧ۽ǡ
һӱǣ뻮һĶóͼá꣬ٵü˾ľǰ档
ǰһͷϣһʮµӣòʣܵΧ۵İ˵֮
󣬲ζеһһŮǶʮ£ǷڰղʶӢˬľɫˣϳȴǲǼǰ뾩ĳ
Ķأҿһӳ֣ټںŵİնյǰſ֡
ߵĶ޶˵Ů߿һۣЦ⣬˫ͫˮһʱԡ
ûʲôװΣֻһаĳ߸𣬼ȲҲδλȻĶ
īڴˣҲһ䡰ˮܽأȻȥΡ
ʱ˿̣˵ֻЩʵϰǡ
㲻һֱ˵뿴ⳤÿǱģһţڼˣõ׺òÿ
ΪӿӳıӰҾãҵΣѾҪˡ
ӳֻһװģǧʡ
ֻ֪ݣֻŮӣΣʲôӰأ
ûĻãȻһۣ漴ֱЩ׵ıʿע
 
վڸ߸ߵļ̳֮ϡ
˹ݣɽꡣ
ձǽʽǻӣļա
һ̣ʽΪ˴ĻʵۡԪ
ӳվڳǰ̳ĵط˵ûλվλá
һУϴŵ΢ЦǱУĽ֣Ѿױıˡ
ӳͻȻЩ棬λٻɽ֪θ롣
ӳԨߺ˼룬ȴ̨ϵĽԪ۽˸̨
ּ⣬޳ŮӳΪԪǻĵһּ⣬ͺŰ

û뵽λλĵһּ⣬ǸԼŮӷ⡣οţδ̫ЩɣоɣȻû˭ûɫڶײµ۵һּ⡣
Ԫƺ֪ʲôԪƽʮ껤޴ӴŮ뾩һ֣ڰǰűľĶΪʣ뾩ʱн˵ûаûнյԪۡǴӸݶĿǷԵݶķ֮ͣ
һҲ顣
ӳĹͣȷʵֵһ͡
𵱳ǳ磬ʱڳ˶岻ѣһ仰˵ʱ򣬳Σģ
ֳһһƣλһǼ֤ʷڶʱڳ˭Ҳû뵽ľͼ֤һɽʷ
ǳ磬ֻҪ˭
ԪַԨΪɽλҲз͡
ڽůˣҪʱдͷ⡣
ԪҪĻкܶ࣬ܵĻʵۻûץҪãؽ߾ЩҪ㡣
ƽȻҪ֮һԪѾͯѧʿŹ»ؾһ֮ա
ƽҲµһ㣬Ѹٵӳ
Ԫ۰ѹгۺ޹õĹ͸ԼŮӳ̫Ըڹʱס֮ǰھסլӡ
ԪҲΣԨΪӣҪԲ˵ӳȴҲԸסֻϣůͳԺӵʱҪҲܲźá
ƽźµӳԭ£¹˵ǰԼ£˹¡
ЩС£Ҳƽϡӳ
δƽ¶ϲɫֲͯѧʿһύ̲˰Ҳ֣ξΡ
ƽɫҰףȨƵӳ͸Ҷ֣ʱѳ˰ӳĸҼ
ʧǵش뿪ȴײ˽ŵԨ
λ½ĳǲؿһۣ󣬸ŭõھԮ֮ʱ˾˵ûʱк飿
ƽᣬ˭˭
Ŀ͵ؿһԨСۡãͼԨеλвչŮġ鶼ɹݲеӳϵ
ò˵׺ֳܾӳСھûٱ۸ʵǸᡣ
ƽԨĵߵڰ״̼ˣ뿪ʱ˫Ŀֱʧǣӳ̲סͶȥͬһƳ                        
лҪ˵лCy춹ӪҺ10ƿ~

 89 


ƽ뿪, Ԩ̾ˣ˸Ů
ָȻǷʫ֪ӳ֮º, ҸӶΪм֮գԨӳһȥΰѷʫ˳
Ƕ, ʫݵ¶һȻ΢Цϲ쿪ʤ
漴, ˹ȥ, ̫ҽˣûд󰭣ֻʱ侫̫, ûгϢʱȻ£˹ȥ
ӳŷ
ЩǰõˣԨʵ
λʵӴʱᳵ, нλϲģĶڹһճδµС׸˻ʹ
¹Щ, Ԫ۲̫, 㽫½ӳ
ʱԨʵԸ棺Ƕ͸˻ӯۣûԸĵظĸҵıǻȥ, صĺ޴ȥģסڳɽй
ҪãȻҲҪáԪڴϲȡ˺ŮƵĲԡ˻ӯ۵һЩĸҪ⣬๬ߵߣ
, Ԫ۱£Ϊ˱ӣǣ常һҰȥˡ
ԪȻԸ
κ̫ʦҵ𣿡ӳԨ
κ̫ʦǸϺ꣬뿪ñȻʵۻҪءû֪Ǻʱ뾩ģسǵǱ˾˶֡
ֻ֮ǰӯߣһЩ̫ʦһĹԱǻ֮ȥԲʱŷֽһֱŲκ̫ʦʵѾھˡ
ȻǱ˾˶֪飬ֻƲھǳų黹ûôϵʱȥġ
ôһƲ⣬ȻӵıȻʵ۶硣
ıȻʵۻ˴ƱһЩߵĲƲԥطˡߵļˣҲܹϵطˡ
ʵۺôжŮһδ·ϲչ˻Ϊ׸С
κ̫ʦӣԼķޡӡŮǣȫ˸
̫ʦ˻ڣЩżгţҲô죬ŷ̫ʦѾھˡ
̫ʦ˿ΪڣҲΪ˾κ̫ʦΪκ̫ʦһ·ߵӡ
κ̫ʦӵȻ֪»ǻȻҪ
µõҲûʱӳԨɫȻûҵô캦֮£ܺķѶ֣ҪץС
ӳ˵ͷκ̫ʦ˾ܷŹ

Ԫʽǻûãӽˡ
Ҫ˵ʵǸˡʼκ̫ʦȥ˸齭֪ǷԹᡣĻ˼ʱѽٳ˸ס
ͬеģ٣һʼλ֪²κ̫ʦǳĽڣѹûѵ֮·ϣÿֻӡ
ֻ顣
;˵ͬеĹԱǻŲѣĻ˼ʲôٳƽӶˡ
Ȼ顣
ֱɽλԱԼǰ;˽ǷҪؾ
Ψ˿ģͰ࣬ϸĵ顣ͬеĹԱǷ׷ײĿҲ֪˵Ŀǵɵ
ؾգڳһһʮ㱨˽ٳĵ
Ǳ㱨ɹĻʵۻһģҪͬеλԱ⼸ʵʲô
ƺȥĵڵּ£ȥ齭ʱؾ㱨һоô򵥡
ŮԽԽޣʱԪ۷ǷԵõĽٳ鱨棬̲סһá
ᣬסίʵһ
ʵҪ˵ǣ֪ͬеĹԱҪ尾϶ٱ
ʱӳھǡǻۣγ벻Լһ£пӳٳɡ
ӳھеĴ׶༪١
һθһ裬ܾܿһ
絶ʣֻûбֳ
ʱڽ޳Īûа취ȥסİ֮˵ֻܼ£ص齭ٳҪɽӻ죬㾡ԼܣƬɽӳΪĵط
ٵ˵ӳɹ뾩ǣŴְ˵״̬߳
Ȼ󣬽¾ǵϢܿ촫˽ĸ𼴽ñϲãظ
˭ҪƼˣ£Ȼظβ󣬲뿪
λͬеĹԱֻδи飬ƺӰ졣̶֪̼£ò顣
ʹ࣬ϲãļ尾˿û¶˿
ͬеĹԱֻؾ;һ·ߴƥǰʱļּС
Ԫۣ˽ְ֪ѶֳһЩְλٳ˲ѪҺ
ǰ;Ԫոۡ
³ԪۿıӰ̾һŮ۹ȷ
֥Ҳ˵˾ޱ£ܳͷ΢£̫̫˶ġ
³Ҫĵһ£Ȼȥӳ
Ժ
һ԰ľ룬˶ӡ
ȹ˹֣
ع
ϲµóԸ
ӳ̲סЦЦÿμ涼Ҫһ𣿡
̾˿²ðԶԶ֧һ̵ܲ𣿡
Բ𣬡ӳûͼϣɫ֪ΥԸҲؿ
ѵԶڽңң˵ġ˶٣վûİѶ˵ڣͻһ𣿡
㲻ᣬ֪ᣬԺַʽ֪ܣӳϣھУػȫҡҼѱ˱ľģֺαٰҲȥ
ۿ΢죺֪⣬Ըһ𡭡
ҶûҪӳ뿪Ҳʹ࣬Һγսʱİ֮ߡǴΪأţԶҸмֵ
һֱôǣǵЩ̡
ûаԽĻ˵ڣӳʲôˣһֱ˽⡣ƫƫģӳǼԦУһԴΪء
Ϊǣͬˡ
׵ضҲ취ȰӳԶԶߡ
Ц
ûٿڣӳͻȻ磬˼֪ˣ˺ò
ŵһļƤؿӳһۣ֮ǰǸǷٴռ塣
ӳҲΣһγȻջ˶ԷַӦʼ˼ԼǲĲʺס
һѩɫ⣬˵ʲô˶ϲһףЧԷŭ֮ġ
ӳ˼֪ԼûãĲһף߼֮
εı飬Ӧ̽ʣڡ
ʵСΪʵ벻ӳһ͡ʳͬһ
ӳޱػӡ
ȡͻȻеЦ
ȷʺңԺ󲻻ˡӳʼ硣
ֹżһλǲġ
Ȼãӳü㡭ˣ
еģ̹ȻΪ밲ٸһΣ
û⣬ӳü֮Ц⣬лл㡣
һΣûΪʲôлΪ֪
лл㣬ҡ
һ֪ӡ


 90 


󳤹, ӳȥμͻ硣
µ۵ǻپȨЩ̻Ȼӳ֪󳤹˾٣ǰæһ, ֪һ糣, ֵǡ
˼, ӳȻҪԼ
û˼, д󳤹뾩ڣҲܲ
ԪۼΪм󳤹ǻ̴·ʹ, ǰ֮ǰɢļҲƶ˻
ӳǵһ磬Ϊ·Ůٷˡ
ı˵ֻʱݡ
ӳһ԰ӣɢȫ, ԰һʱš
˭֪ӳ»ʼء谮Ůκ̫ʦһԱİӶ֡
ͺŰ, ٳ衣
ǴֿȵĹŮ
, ˲Լͬ뵽ʡ
ڳ˶μӹ󳤹磬ʱӳǾǽŮӣ˱ģ˻¡
˭뵽, μ綼˻ǷŮӣҡһͳ˴İ
˭뵽ǸһЦ̰ѶһһѵȥһѾıµļƻ
糰ӳĹŮ鶼ܸ, ߴߴطˣΪѿʱԷȴûǷϡ˭żҹµʱ򣬻Щ΢ĩСأ
ʱ˵ĿⶼӳϣϰĿ
˵ĿǱĻۣǾ޻Ӷ񣬷ֺӰ顣
ҷӦ׷
ӳһ񣬿ǰĴ󳤹
󳤹ЦſЦڼˡ
ӳҲЦҲ
ڴ󳤹ߣʼû˸ֱлҵСлޱ˹ȥ
þòӳЦشк
þòû뵽ټʱҵøĿڳƵˡлޱɫЩӡ
ѽܣӳʵȻһƺ⣬Ȼɽ˶̹Ȼܲ֡ʱȻЩֽ˾Ϊ塣
лޱҡҡͷûУֻǺ𾪡Ҹ˵ִµ£ֻӮķֶԴ
ӳЦЦֻӮķֶԴл̫Ǹˡ
ҵǺͬ仰лޱȴ˵ӯ߱λȻͽȷġ
ϾǴСúܺõŮӣлޱЩϲ档
ӳȻȥƻ棬תʵҲھʱ䣬Ǹ𣿡
лޱû뵽£Цʱ䣬Ļ̻̣ҿÿ˶ֵĺǲͬ
⵹Ҳǡ
ӳлޱ̸ӣ˹ӳ
£˵Ϲս
ǰŶԷԲԲƻӳЦŰһ·ϵһЩȤ渵
нµ츳ܿ죬һȺŮ˺£ߴߴʸͣ
ĽҪһ죬Ҳһ߹·ͺˡ
кβɣӳʡ
ԷЦԶ޻游׵Σֻ᣿
ǰ˸ͣӾͺˣԶ·
ŮӣҲҲй·ӳЦңֻҪԸ⣬ʱԳȥɽ
ǣǡĽؿ֪η仰
󳤹Щ۵ؿӳһۣΪ󳤹Զɢɢĵûʲôס֪ΪΣûӳǰɵ̬ǹ˼̫ࡣ
ԲԲŮ˷Ļδʱĸͬ⣬ȽˣôԶţ
Ҽǵֳ
ԲԲ˲ϸ̾ӳĺüԣӣԼҪҪȫڸĸȻ߾ߡ
ӳЦЦһŮҲԿȡƾΪ٣Ըһ𣿡
ȻԸ⣡СԲ̾˿ǲܵģοҸûЩ飬ûѧЩ￼أ
¸ȿʼ¹ԺͳԺŮӿţŮӣӳΧȥһ𣿡
кβңСԲһӦ漴ŷӦȵԺȻҪŮӣ
¹ԺԺǾԺÿδǶҳѧУòȨӵѧ
ûӳͷ㲻ʲôƾٲƾ٣ҲȥԿ룬һȺŮһ飬һ֣һϲŵľһѧѧ黭ϲĿһѧѧ䡣ѡŮѧҲѡӶһ顣
Ůƽûʲô֣ϲյһģȻҲᾭٰĿˡ
ӳĳʵջ²˶ĶˣؾһţźѵԸ
һ˫񰡣ڹŮɢȥ󣬴󳤹Ц豾ᣬԺ
ӳЦЦ˵乫ѧҲҪŮӿţûŮӶֻ»ȰЩȨҵŮǺȥʣǼˣҲԼҵŮҲȥѧ
ͻӳЦ⿴ЩŮӣЩ˽ǴһԺŮӡĸı䣬ǿʼ
£Ժᶼû˸ˣ᲻Щģ뿪ʱѩɫͻȻʵ
ӳһ飬ûƲͦãѵԼôϲûµ

 91 


, 󳤹ٵǺ֮¡ʱ䶨˺ͷ·ȴֱ
Ȼ·δʽ, ·һƺȫûӰ쵤󳤹µĺ顣
·СԪ۽ڴСΪ£ȨԵ󳤹̬Щԥ
ڵ֪ͻϰ̬Ⱥ, Ǿȥ˼Ҳ, 󳤹Ͼ뾩, »ʶȻĴм·ʵҲ۲
󳤹Щ˵˼һ, ЦһҲüƽϡֻ˽Ůٷ˸̾мӳһ㣬ʧʱģʱ񡣡
, صΪʧʱѾ㹻ˡ
󳤹ʧЦȴ־÷˵е
ԨԴһֻ֪Щھܾί, ʾӳʵ, Щ۸ͳͳ۸ȥ
ûʲôҪӳΡ
Ԩõ踺ظжˣ̫۸ʵģ㾡ܱ𣬲ҪЩҲ˼
ӳܸж, ǣĲˡ
㲻֣ǾиҰ档
ӳ̱ϣ𣿡
æ͵СԨ̱һֻϣæܵõլۡһ
ӳϵʹ֭һڣҵĳѵ᲻
Ԩ˼£ȷʵгرгرжس
гر, ʣӳֳƽϣǲͽˣڲϱֻһԭΪñĳѾˣ۸ҵҵҲ۸ȥˡ
ԨЦЦ״ϻۣȷʵҪġǱϾãۿһֻѩɰСӣ޹ھģƲסҪΪġ
һϣźмֹͬԡ֪ϻ˫׿ȴⵣί
ˣλˣʲôʱܸʶԨʵ
ϳʱǲǼ
ôһԨõߣϱҪŵ
ų󡣡ӳĵ
άˣԨٷΣ˭Գӣ
ӳ˸ۣȴҲòϣԨȷʵƷòǷȿƭ֪Ůĵտ֮ҪǿЩ
ö˶֮ʣԨ˴һϢκ̫ʦձ㽫Ѻؾ
׽ģһ벻ȴκ̫ʦŮκء
˵κ̫ʦ뾩ǣκӳӧҪ׷
ӳ飬ȣû뵽ǣκôͰκ̫ʦ׽˻
ദô꣬˽ңֺγ˽ӳ㱨ʱκ˵
κ̫ʦھǸһСׯֵģúܶ˶еȡȻ뿪ǣΪβû˷ֵʱӵԽԶԽã
ȴκ̫ʦĽթ֮ϱߴʱҪ󲿷˵˼άӡ
κ̫ʦ뵽ԱҪӣȻҲ򱱣ʱ׷Ҳһ·׷١ô߾Ͳȫ
Ȼû뵽ǣԱûӣʵ۵򱱱ӴˣҲӡ֤жϡ
κ̫ʦļƻǵ׷ȥһ·ߡ˭µ˸һ·ϣϱ߲ȫġ
һ˽κڣƻҲĳɹˡ
κʱκ̫ʦ˱ۣƺ֪ȥδκη
ӣκسԲѷ𱨣κٻ󣬴ʱȴҪı
κ̫ʦʱΨΨŵŵģЦֱǵ˫ۣκ̫ʦζҵģǵ治֪
˴δκضײٽƱʱκ̫ʦͷֹǣɡ
κ̫ʦӲùʱѿ֮кô
κؿһʱκ̫ʦٲǸ޷⵹Ժÿÿޱȿ־
ڣĽ
ΪݣŰгΣټϴʱɫҰܵģǸͨ˰ˡ
κ̫ʦѺؾӳǵκص飬ûҪ֤
κؼˡ̲֮ϣЩʹٰ࣬Щô˵һ׮׮Ȼһ׵¡
ҪЩ͵ȥ˽ᡣκضӳ˵Ļ
ÿ˶Լļ֣ӳȻֹ
κ̫ʦλȨ֮˵յĹעԪ۱ɴȡ˹ģʽÿտõʱְΧۡ
κظһ֣˰յ۷׷ףλľǵһˣʧ٣ȴֳָ֤̲ϡ
κҪָ֤ǣκΪ£Ա
Ԫ˰ĹԱȻ̫ʦнģ֪κ֮¡ʱ״¼Ϊȡ
˴󰸵̲ԱˣһƬȻùԱ˼ྲŽ

 92 


¹ش, ̲ԱŰյĻȻѯϸڡ
κؿʮ򶨣ֻнյ˫ȭ¶һһһʮ渵, ӱһֱ˵κ̫ʦƿ֮ʱ
ôˣһ˷
ʢ̫ʦʺƴŮʱ, ˭뵽λʵľǵһ˹ȴأ
Ů֮ǰνʧ, ʵΪκ̫ʦƿ, Ӿǳӡ
̲Աѯʵոᵽκ̫ʦĿܼΪ, ӳǵأ
κȭǳҲİ£ع֣һͬ롣
仰, ֹڳĹԱͰǶȻѣںùעѶԪ۶ЩȵؿŮһۣǲ֪κ֮»ԼŮйء
ھﻹͦæġ
κ뾩ʱ, ʱӳѾıµ˼
һھﲿﻮ, һ߲Ҫ֮Ԯ֡
ʶǬľࡣ
Ԫۿӳ, иŮ
һѶͻȻֵ㿴˵۹ܺã
Ϊ˾κһɵŮӣϧκ̫ʦǰٳһ¿ȣʱֱֿ
δŮ, ԪԽԽ⡣
ϾҪԼİŮļһԪ۴죬ȱ㡣
ЩԱݣ㶼ǵ𣿡ѶĹԱʵýΪί
˵ռйЩԱҵȻǵãκȴֱ׵úܣ֮ǰбһ
նʱһȣҲ⡣Ҫ˵⣬аŮ֮عʱѾһˡ
κؿһһѶĹԱɫԽԽأ亹˳Ŷͷ䣬⵽漰Ȩ
ӳתͷԪһۣڣйȥЩˡ
ЦЦ֪ߣӳҲ
Ĵ𰸣ȥ̫Ҫ
ӳ֪κ֮±ؽõһ
κ̫ʦĹͣκְǰ·һƬЩˣиࡣ
뿪ǰӳںÿϺӵŸոմκأƺڰο
뵽ǱŮҡУκشδΪ˱ȫԼֻտ֮檵Ľ֣ӳЦЦûȥˣ뿪ˡ
ָıһ˵
 
ůһڵ־
ûеһʱԼλ£ȴ佱ɷ򣬶ǱסδŮ᣺ӳЩ꣬ˡ
ȥˡӳرסĸףûͼ˵Լû̫ࡣЩֲţĸ׸š
ӳǰպѩɫġ
ѩɫʣ֪𣿵ϰ˵㱻Ǹռ£ѣȻѡϻؾ̫µ̫벻
ֻǾԼûʲô࣬ҵĽǶǿأ˱ˣ屻ռ꣬ʱԼཨһжˣҸû취ǻ
ҸôãЩ˽⣬Ȼ벻Ϊ£ǳܳܵġ
Ա˵ûԹˣ㲻֪Ƕʱ߿ʱжۡ
ӳԼĲÿ࣬Ҳû뵽ѩɫôࡣ
ӳֻܳĬŸһӵȥˡ
ʱĸ˵
仰øˡ
ůͳҲų֮ǰһ˱ΪǶݷֿ˭Ҳû뵽ǳǴԼƽ
Χſӳ͵ۿ򸸻ʣ밵ʾΪԼΧһȥŷָȻȦ
ȵˣҪз䡣
ޣƣе깲ݵĻ֮顣η䣬Ԫ۲ԼǻʽҪӡ
ʽ˻ʺ󹬡
ůҲԷš
Ԫ۽Ϊοǣ˿棬ûֽЧ£ŻʹסҪ
ʺû뵽ǣʽԺӭĵһˣȻƽϡɩ
ʺƽ˱ϹϾͨ
ʺֻ֣
ŮȻ
˵ϣշʱ̨£ڳǧʱжิӡ֪λСӻн컯ֺαôأ
ӡСһȽϺ統ֻ꣬͸¶Ҫ֧˿˼Сӱ˵֧ұø
ԣŸðһԣʺ顣
ˣҲ۵ģѾ˻ʺۡӳ

Ԫ۶ӳӣò˶˼ֺһλ½İ
ĳλĹԱʾЩˣֻҪһͷ¹ٱ֤֪Ρ
ӳЦˣҲѹֹôҪȨɱᡢһͷ䶨ĴȨмܲĶ
ܾˣֻ뿴С
ûĶ                        
лҪ˵лA Сůĵ1ö~

 93 


κ̫ʦһ, һ¡κ̫ʦ״̫࣬κصֻһӡ
κ̫ʦȷʵǸϺ꣬㵽ֵز, ȻάǣֻЩ֤ȷ֮¡
κ̫ʦЭӯıλһʱǵϡ
ʱԪ۵ɫ, Ǵϳٵȿ, Ǻ޲ýʮ̸κ̫ʦȫס
ԨҲЩпԴ˵, ͰҲλ˳ֺαطҪ߽ݾһѴ֮أ
ӳ룺ӯ۵ǻǰѾһЩ캦֮, ǵʱ游ҪϻӯΪǿҲǵ뿿߽ݾõȨ˵Ҳֻܲ²ˡ
Ԩ̾·ͷˮ©, ֻܼϣ·Ǳ¶ˡ
·ǸˣҲ֪ıʵʲôӳ, ֻακ̫ʦļٿڹթһթ, ϣ󡣡
Ԩγ֪һ㣺ӯ۲µؼץº
ͨһ㿿Ÿ, ٶȽ¾ʱЩȴûмʱյϢȻû˸Żʵ۹šˣӯѾһ·ͨ˴߽߱, ߵһСԾѰӻ
ԾŻӯ۴ľϵ鱦ͬ
زµӲùܱǿŴǴϢӯθпԼѡȷԡ
ϵǿܣļȴδϲ
֪ӯۡԲáڱԾļ׼׻شʱӳЩȻ
ĲǶ²͸ӯ۵ΡԲáġ
һֱѹ̫ӣǲڱԾĶӣΪĸھǶԹߵӣ⼸λڶѡ֣
û֪һ㣬λӷ׻ؾ󣬻һݻӯۡԲáǰдµ԰顣
гϻӯıһ£̹µĳɹٲκ̫ʦ·ЭԼΪϹͯѧʿ£㺦Ϲ򸾣ָʹƽݺͯѧʿȡ
Ԫݡ԰顱ѵԥдʵΪ֤ݣѸ»ӯ۴λ࣬Ϊͯѧʿѩ

԰˳̫˷дģӳŻӯһλ̫࣬óд˱ʼӯ͵ʱԼɴ˴ۡλ̫࣬˴βûи̫һͬ
ɱڡԨ϶ص
ǰǳԴֱʣ̫ӵǲڣӳŽ˸ʵȼü֮ţκ̫ʦϺ꣬Ըͯѧʿѩ̫ǣȻǴûӯ۵ţԼڴһƽţǱǳ顣
ЦǣޱûԻӯ۵նɱԪۿЦ˵飬ǡ
ӯ۵Ϊ˻λѡֱ߱ĶɱѭˣԨҲǿ׼˸ʲǳ֮ˣȻţٶǲкΰ취
ӳʣʴδţ
ǼٵġԪѵó
ǼٵģģӳҪģֻǸһ
Ԫ¶˾ġ
ӯ۵԰飬·Ҳټ֣˵ӯ۶λľ̹˵ϻʵߵһλڻӯ۵ָʹ¸ϻʵ˶
©ͯѧʿЩ鵽뵱֮µĹϵӯ۱ɴͯѧʿһͬˡ
·̹ԣʱ»ӯۻһڣ絽ճŵ󳤹ͳʳ빫ͬʳǷŻӯ¶
κ̫ʦķ£Żӯʱ޴⣬
·̹׵ϣκ̫ʦһ۹ʱ֪̲βڹթ
ôòҲ֪̱֮նһǶһա
·Ĺʣκ̫ʦۣλȨһʱȨ֪Լκη̵Ļᡣ
Լйϲ䣬˳㻹ԼһЩͬ˳
̲ĹԱ棺ôϸٻΪᱣǣչļˡ
κ̫ʦЦһôǶóϷһΪȨƣһΪǵ֤չҼˣȥˣһʱԸҼ¾ǡ
ᵳģ˴֮һζûС̲Ա²ۡ
ǶǺˣʲô˾֮һףκ̫ʦͷŷң̲Ա˵
ô׮̫õĻ̲¶һ
ǰմĹأκ̫ʦѡһˣԷҲԸĻ˫俴¼档
󲿷ҪĶǼˡˡ˵ȣκ̫ʦȫû뷨
κ̫ʦŻʲôĴֻκ̫ʦ޾η֮飺㲻ˣ
ʲôüģκ̫ʦʡ
֣ô꣬󲿷ˣ׶񼫣ʱ򶼻˵ġ
Ծ󲿷˶ﲻĸ߶ȡ
ˣ㻹ͦ⡣룬ʵκعأ벻Ǹʲôģ
Ǹκ̫ʦЦΪʲôҪǸ
Ƕ˵֮Ҳ𣿡仰֮ǰ˽ҵģסǼη
ҲñǸ
ס
ҲգѶû̸κ̫ʦѵԸһ˵䣺㴦λãҲñǸġ
Ϊʲô
ΪҿֻϣΪһֻϸе𣿡
Ŀɿڴ
κأҵһӶѣκ̫ʦһζ˽ЩȻǶһ䣬ҸһϲŭֵˣôñǸأ˴󲿷ֶµµΪ϶ѣ͸Щ߸ϵǵĽ¡лΪãҲŶԡ
䱻ŤĹƿԡ
ҵȷиһκ̫ʦͻȻѻת˻
˭

Ϊʲô
ΪܲΪһңһΪϵˣκ̫ʦЦˣŻȤ
˽ӳ߱ݣҲ߱ǻۡû뷨߸ϾˣȻУЩƽӹȤڲˣΪеϡ
κ̫ʦͻȻЩ˷ܡŤ֮˿Լܻ˵˷ܸС  
ֻشһ仰ԭ򲻿Ϊ˵Ҳ                        
лҪ˵лԽǧӪҺ4ƿ~

 94 


Żӯ۵ġ԰顱֮, ҰһƬ𶯣ЩӦԤϵӳûйעںĵʹ, ׼ȥκ̫ʦ֮Լ
⣬Ԩھӳ
κϺǰͻȻҪûʲôӳ뵽Ӳ޵ķʸ, ԨЩǡӳһͬ, ֻҪԼʱ, ûټ֡
ӳûдãһĹδ̤
κ˵ʲôԨ档
ӳ룺һݾѰɡ
ݺģԨʲô
Դⰲ, ƺв̤ӳûش𣬡̫ҾΪеһ֡
ԨЦˣ㵱Ȼ, κ˵ʲô
ӳҡҡͷһˣˡ¹ͳԺʽŮӿţһҪ׼, ˡ
ԨŶѻӻֱת뿪, ﺬЦ⣬κ̫ʦǸϺԭҲʧʱ
ڶգŮѧ, һ磬һЩŮԺſڣߴߴ˷ܲѡ
ЩǱӳģЩǸĸֺð, ˹ѧ˵Ǽ£ʱԺſڣ·ۻһ㿪ġ
ʱһԺš
شԺڲ֮ǰԺÿṩһݿεѹѡԼѧĿĿʱɽԽ󣬱һЩ԰ͬڿεص㡣
󲿷˶ǸԼóģѡ黭ȿγ̡ȴҲˣŸĸѡƽʱҹӴĶڹǰȥΧۣŽϰʦϳ۳ҵģвǷʱſγ̡
γѡŮ˿ΪǣμӵĿγ̣ЦӦá
һλ֮ŮƽҶ³ڲǹŮȦģʱȴƾıĽѡ
ܿ죬ЩߵɲָһǺˬӦ£Щ˲˼ظ֤黭ȷʵĻǾ԰æס
һȥԺڿεĹŮǶμʲôĶȵشһѣ۵ĻⶼǱ˲岻ȥġ
Ҳǿ⣬ֻһĵʷݺᡢ۳ңһȻһ۵廨ĲһȥҲƽ
ܿ죬δԺϰĹŮǣؼĸҲҪԺʱ뷨ܼ򵥣ֻǵãμԺھۻ϶ûʲô⡣
ԴˣӳŻֻҪԺʱԡ
˲ʱһŮӿԺ
ӳʱѧϤ֣ǡŮҡǱУкڼտ֮һλŮø׵Ϊտ֮·󣬳ΪԺݺݺеһԱ
ӳ΢Цᡣϣλ۽翪󣬲ΪһƤҺͻƭ
֪ǺԭŮѧ󣬱ʮֿܽѧЩӵҲ˲׷һѧһЩŮѧ΢ʵĹԱǱ졣
ӳ͵Ц⵹ԤϣҲÿԺܽӴŮԭŮǲԺٻԺءŮǶѧˣҲԺĿԡʱһĿҵΣѵ˼һɼһ
ЩӱΪŮǽѧʡѡͬҵˣŮСʱɼһġ
һʼŮӵģᱻЦϼŮӶ硣
Ƿ֣ŮԶö࣬СУɼѹӵŮԽԽࡣ
⵹ΣУʼŬѧ
ŮҲط֣ӵŲӵǻۣҲԽŬԽԽŮ黭ЩڼѧĿγ̣δ֪ѡͬѧѧĲšѧ۵˲вٽĹŮȴƫƫԸѧѧѧ䡣
ǵ뷨𽥸ıţΪ֡Ϊ桢ΪлģϲԺķΧ
ʷϣʷؽ·ۿЩ棬˽ãЩʷʵ£ƺƽĵİȤ
ϣŽϰʦŴԭӣҲȻ۳ϵʱżҲͻȻһӾھǵ뷨
飬·ЩŮӵ뷨ȻŸı䡣
ŮӲμԺڴһʱУҲ׷Ч¾ǣԺʼŮӿš
ĹѧҲԪ۵£ͬŮѧ
ЧӳģҪࡣ
Я֣߷ùɽŵŮӽѧ·ɽˮνһá
ʱؾǣԪŮӿƾˡ
ԭӳģǴŮӹѧ󣬲ܳԿſƾ١
ڣٴ뱻̵һꡣ
ٴһ֪⵽˶˵ķԣԪ飬Ȼּ⡣
ϣһδǹܼŮ볯


 95 


ʼ, ǲΪԪ۵ʥּڿЦ
Ůӿƾ٣ôܣ
ӶҪʮ꣬δܸСŮѧſһ, ͺųҪƾ٣ֱǻ֮
´δǻһ࣬Ҳ, ֱ쿪
˵, Ƕʮ궼δС
ҲŲŮ볯, ǸǽͿ˱׼
²˵Ůӿȫһ£Դ𣿡
Ҫͱ׼Ҳ, ŪƯģʡıÿϳĶ⼸
˺Ц
˵ĳλˣؼҰ¶ЦһķȴûЦ, ֻɫؿһۣ岻ȥ鷿ЪϢ
ͷˮ, 벻ͨǺδ˷˲ġ
д˶ǱƵ뷨, в˵ſ֣жķݴע
ĳҶķ·ʱ˳ѹһ, ѹߵĶעϡ´δǱŮ볯
ȻתͷװӳЦӮ˵Ļš
ӳЦá
Цģ
ʲôõĵģӳǿÿδǲɣǾһ, ҲɡҪʮܵȵŮ볯Ҳҵʤ
ڽͷŲǰУһЩϤĽ֣ӳ̧ͷȥȴֻһİҶ
յƽѸĻ鹣լۡҲµȨ֡
ӳפƬ̣ʱڸֵʱ⣬Ȼ˷֮С
һóȥʵ
ӳٶ룬ͷЦЦոôãΪھǶʱ䡣
ҡҡͷλǻӯۣȻҪ
֮⣬λҪٶˡ
ӳ̾ϧҪھһʱˣǰոջؾҴ;סҰ£˵ֵˡ
ʧЦ㡣
ӳӡһǣҪ軵ˡ
Ԩ˵ڿɵؽͷºȻȥˡĻǣӳ۵Сۡ
ĻҲ࣬ЩˣԨӳκ֮ǰίʾʱԨλĳ¶ɴۣû˸ٴŭ
ӳһ궼ھУô˿
ӳһؾԨȻͷӸãԼܳȥˡȻ뿪ǰŵҲǳɢɢģһ±ء
ӳģһȫԼܿ㰡Ļ
ӳĻţȻµĵʲôЦЦ⣬ɴֿʼԨµ¡
ĻľսؿԼߵЧʴЩӣٶȣĻǸд
Ļŵ£վҲ෽ðһȥ͵дµݡ
ӳܿͼЦЦдõݸæǷв֮
˳̨ףĻž¿ڳơҲҡ¶طӡ
Ԫ۰һ½ȻǶԳΣðӰ˳
Ļţͷӣһ䡰֡է£ѧʶʲô壬ϸϸ£ŷǴǽСв֮һ塣
ĻŲ⣬ô˰ģСвǶôԯ޵壬ô˰ֽ
Ȼ֪ӳʱ丸ĸ磬ѧʲôѧʲô鷨Ҫѧġ
ԼдһֺСѺŮģҲһ֡
ӳڴ˵ʵûʲôģÿдһֽ㲻ˣЩ׹̿ˡ
ϰ䣬Ͳִϻۣڽ׷Լ׷ٶȵ£ӲһۿԻˣֲ̫塣
һʱʧ֮£ɴȥˡ
ĻŲ֪飬Ҳδ룬ּȥݣϸ֮£Ѹٷһſ˼̲ͣס볤̾һ
ͳݣҲǿԨϻмأδ֮ࡣ
ӳ̲ס̾Ԫ۵ĺôģ˵ϻ˫˫˫
ϧ֮ĺⵣǣ褺ļ̳ˣһάִȶֽ²Ҫ
鲨Լܲ˲١
ӳרӣ˿δע⵽Ļţ̶ʱڰתǧص˼

ĻŸΪǵºܿˡ
ӯλʱϵұСģֻ̽ûеõ͢㹻ӡ
Ԫ೯ú󣬱ؽ߾׼ԸϵҡһȻϵҲΣУñ߾ؽ֮ǰȴһֲһǮͼ
һٶԪƢҲˣ
ڲ˿Ҳһʱ³嶯ľ
ӳ֪ʲǻֳ嶯ˣٶʵҲǲѡ
佫ӯ۵䡢õΪŪ߹صĽʿǣҪôְҪôɴ׹
Ԫ۴ʱľҲǿģǿľģԸףǰߡ
ּԪһһé®˼λھϽЩ˺ϵҽս꣬ԭϲսҲзḻľڡ
Ԫ۵̬ȣһЩӧս
ӯۻϵҵķʱжʹģʱǾȼ˶ϣڱ߹ض꣬ۼϵ¾գȻƽ֮ǰıӯ۵뷨ǰҲҪƴһƴ
óĻŵǵģǱ߹ս¡
ԪǰּԨ밲ӳһͬ

 96 


ʵ۵ּһ, ҰһƬ𾪣׷׸̾Ԫ۶ӳŮȻһ㡣
ٳվԣ, ݹۼʷŮӼĵ
ĻŸ˵ˮ, ¶˲ǽ
Ԩƻ, ˲, ͱԪһʥּ˻˶Ƶûʲô
ʱĻųʹı飬벻, ȱҪʹġ
ĻĬĬ˸ۣʱֲòί밲ʱ, ǵҪЩ
ٹٵۣ޾ϸͳһʵʵǰûĸʵľ, ۳, ͵鷿ɼλѧʿȴһ飬ָػҪġ账, 顢֮࣬Щ϶ҪģĳЩëƤ糼Ǵñģͳһ棬뿴͵뿴ֱһߡ
鷿˴Զ벻ͨ, ΪʲôּëƤСЩӻҪϸ۳ʱ¡
Ԫ۳ǰ۽ɳͰࡣ
ʱĻŵ˼Ԩȣȥ鷿ȡʱЩġЩ£ˣñºͳǸ߿һۡ
ЩëƤС£پҲ⡣
ı㱻ӳˡ
鷿ָۣһһ룬˭Ҳ͵
Ԩһ߲ŵظ̾šôɸ硱һѡһۣﳤȥ
鷿˴ǻӯ۵ڵģӯ۵̫ӺͶżʱս¡ʱÿսսضų
˼գȵطȫû˼ȲҲãҶ˶׿¸ɴ࣬ûʲôҪѶԷȥ˼ʱụ飬ͬ¾ԼλѧʿҲء
ӯ۵ӻ೶Ƥӣֱ֪Ҫȥˡ
ԤУԾ⣬˽ۿӱȥԪ۵Ҳδ֡
鷿˽¸̾ŮˣҲѹԪ۸˵߾ߣԥΪˣȫȶã󷽡
źͰദʱս࣬鷿λѧʿҲȥ˶Ů볯ķ֮顣
ǿ˱Ƚϰܣ鷿ʱҪɫʳϣҲûʲôȱˡ
οСȱҲݼ˼λѧʿÿι˸׼ĵùҲλѧʿһݡλʼͦܣ鷿صزӦʣ֪оȻͱˡƽ鷿һһ죬źͲˮʲôûСʱʱСģȻĪõЩʱһֻ۱һֻ۵״̬С
Сȱ⣬˼ݣ߹ϣżв̫Ķѯʼλѧʿܺܿһ
λѧʿԪۿŮӿƾٵʮֿܣӳӴĹȴãǽ볯ŮӣǵҲûʲôҪҷˡ
Ԫ뾩һ࣬һȻ
ӳżﲻǳСĶȥˣһۡԨһ߸͵ʱѧʿΪ֮Ŀ⣬ʱ鷿ˡ
ԪŮһۼůºȤҲǿӳԨҲֻ˵˵ѣİڽѧĵܵѺ
һλСŮӳϲ裬Ԩûдв΢΢üı顣
ˣôһֱߵѩɫߵĴѾߣԨ֪ġӳؾԨ߷ѾУѲѩɫӰ
ӳ̧ͷЦЦ¹Ժ
Ԩüѩɫȥ˰¹Ժͼıˣ
ӳЦſһۣûзϡ
ͦİɣԨǱ裬ȻոϲĹŮ̫˽ӳϲãѩɫڴˣЩŵ׵
ӳ˼ЦҡҡͷСʲôܲΪѩɫźúãһֱǿšݲܣҵȻҪ׷ء
ʱһλѧʿһ˹ԨӳۺѧʿҪﺲһ¡
λﺲ֣ǺԺԺѧʿʱϰ߳Ϊﺲ֡
ӳͷȻǺԺ£ȻҪ֪ﺲһ
ԨҲȻ
ѧʿףôһ䣬ǿӳȻϻۣϾᣬҲ̫ٳһЩǵݣԽﺲֱӴ£Ȼȫԡǳ£ܻῪЩˡ
ѧʿѲŰЩʡʱǫӦǣĶ˵ָһ֡
һͨǫѷˣ˭Ը㼸أѧʿЦſŶˣ޲ðԼڡ
Ժȥһ˰ɡӳΪǫѷЩã˭ֱӰ˭
Ժвˣļ٣ǵΧۣǼæµĶں湫ΪλٺԺ
ﺲֺӳĽ䣬м˴һʲô
˵ûУƺϲտ֮
տ֮ںԺҵЩ˶ٶʶġ
ôܣ
Ҳ˵˵ǰϲտ֮ղ꣬տ֮ϲһ˵ţҲ̫š
ҲţոյµòҲˣƷòõųղꣿʲô顣
Ҳô˵տ֮ǲġ
ƭƭ֪Ůѣ㿴֪Ů𣿡
ǣʲôɽῴտ֮𣿡
ǿУտ֮вмܽԺģ촺ڵտ֮м䣬ѧڣֻȻˡ⵹ûʲôֻտ֮˼ӪЩС
ûע⵽һӰǲԶ
տ֮ƽԺӵֵʱֻǴɹһ飬ζԻ
ʱ䣬еĴѳ׻˸ӡ
꾩ӳһߵıģ£Ѿûж˿ӳղտ֮ˡ
ǰʲô游£ܵγãһЩ΢˾Ұ䣬׻ǿӶࡣ
κص£ҲΪӮ˲ͷβ˵һΪŮСѱԸȥˣǶôôɹ
һſŮѧ£ŮӼȡ˶ʽͷĴŮ˻˵񰲹һսá
ӳΪԭ͵ĻҲѲǺտ֮Ƶ˵о𡪡ЩѾҲˣտ֮ΪӳϰҡҡͷЩˣ뿴ģŮŮĴ¡
տ֮Ǽ˵̸ǰȥǣûдȷʵϲңǲ֪жమңԸ޷ֵҵңԸȫҲƲҶԼֻסһõСԺӣϷڹ֮С
ûжΪ֪ǲĻֻɷӡ
տ֮ԭվ˺ܾãչűصԼǰкܶҪ
ӳƺֻһΣ꣬ڣҲʲ
Ǻݵġ
ͷʼ飬ľȻŪóˣᱻ˾ġ

 97 


¡һΪŮӶӳӯӯ°ݡ
λŮٲȻ߶ռķ
»ǵŮ¶Щϲı顣
ӳȻǵáҹһߡռݵ, ӳ׳УҲǾġ
ԷЦЦɣ㡣
¶سɺ, Ůڴ˵Ⱥ¡
㵹ǳʵӳһۣʲô¾˵ɡ
ŮһԺ˵Ҫ¹, ӳڰֹˡ
Ժ
Ů, Ů, ȥ乫ѧѧײֻڼæ, ֱˣҧҧŮţԺ, ǡ
ӳ˼״Ժǵĸﻹ衣
, ӳһ¡Ůҡжڷͥд, ȷһҲΪ˸ŮæȥͷӦʣأ㲻ȥ
, ӳ˳ѹŮ٣κ𽥷֣ռԼǸ꣬ûѹǰ˵Щ, ЩԲᱻĵʱƭŭйϣֻôŮһְΪϲߡ
ũŮеɥ֪ƾԼһԼϸõ
ͬһλ͸¶Ϊ檵˼ĸ˻ˣ÷ʱޣӲһٴܾŻ¡
־ڴˣĸ޹ȥСһӣڵĴׯ뾩ǲԶҪޣҪȥǡ
һƷĴٿʾҪھһլӽݲؽʱ򣬷Цˣ֪ԼĻˡ
Ѿ׼ͷˣûеӦܹݵֶΡ
ʱӳǰ
ȥ
ĬˣһƷĴҵĻɲУ˺þòŵȵġ
Ժأ
ӳĻһµǰ·ڴ֮ǰøһٵ檡ҾõĹˡ
һֱԺĵطСʱ͵͵ſ˽Ӵϰ֡
һᣬԺԼĽô죿
˵ܶʿǴԺģֿŮӿƾ٣ԼȥˣһϣŮʿأ
һбϵδһһ翵ϣ
һǸһʮ󸹱СͣһԼϽȡԼδ
ҧҧƴˣܿԼĻ˭Ը⿿ˣ
һô֪вУ
󣬻£ŻʮԼʱľ
Ůȥ
˵仰ʱĲ˲οԼУ˾ͼ޸ǸһֱԼĸҲǸ·
ӳûһ䡰ȥгôתǧص˼ֻӦˣӦã֪ס𣿡
ͷȥҸϣڣŷὫ㡣
л¡
񡣡ֻǾ֮ͣӳδϣʱȻ벻ֳ׵ظıһ˵켣
һߡ
Ԫϵҽڽڰˡ
ϵزԭأԪԲϰݡ
гȰسԪ۶Ȼܾܱ֤λʱ߾һεӦҲᣬأԺأ˭ܱ֤ٳһӯۣʱѵϵҾҴգ
߲Ԫ
ȻŰʦسҲǳڶԼĳӳŮʮַġ
ϵҼԪⲻưոݵļƣ̻ˡֻҪ˻زԭأ㲻׷
㵱ϻʵλʱǱԪˣҲȫ˸ֻǱ˵ֱӯ߾󣬲Ÿٴν
ĿǰԪƣҪϵһټ
ıԭԭжϵΪ壬ԼǿʱԸݵ㡣βԭûʲô־ԽóȻԭ·ããԭȥÿ۵ľɫ޶£ɲ㿴̫ķͿҵ·ġϵ˴Сڲԭϳ󣬶Ϥ׷˦׷
֤ϵҲŸ޿֡
Ԫ۵ľУڣԭһ·׷ҧüϵҾ任˼ηҲû˦ǣͼԷҲϵ
ȫֻϵҾԪȻδˣͰڴԭɨţżһС䣬ɴذѴȫߡܹһİգһС֧ӰЩ˴شȥ˼ؿѻĵء
һвνϵҹܿͻˡնûˣʲô壿
˺̸Ԫɨԭ¶ûҵϵҵľݵ󣬹Ͳסѹҵľݵ㱩¶Ԫǰ
ΪԴϵҹͬÿ깱翥ëƤȡ
ԪҲδΪѴߵİնŵÿ궬ջϵһЩʳǹ
ϵ֮ǰӶҪһԭ嶬ȱԴֻӶᡣϵҹԪ۵Ļŷ
ϵҾʹ˳Ϊ˴
߹ذմӴ˲ս֮࣬׷׳ҪΪԪ
Ԫ۰ʦسڳھǳŴжӭ֮ǰǷ񷴶Թʵģʱŵս
վǰģλ
ɫУŶԸսĽظʿ
ʱ꣬һԾȻ
Ԫǵļ磺ˡ
δ䣬Ϳϣ¶ū۰µĲ
Ȼμ칦磬˾ͷֱ뾩ȥˡ
Ϊ龩󣬻ӭͷϷĻһãȻ˶ȥĶˣ

 98 


Ԫ۹龩, ϵ֮սй佫ǡ
֣ϵһսбּΪۣδ丸һս, ƷƻʳǷ
޷ʫһھ˵š
귽ʫȻƽ֣, ֪Цɵƽ, ֣ȴǰ購
޳, ˡ
ǷŰǰӳٴλصǡ
¹ԺУŮȡ˾˹, һεĴǡ
ӳ˴λ׼ǵĳɼ
ϲǣλŮӰ
һλѩɫλжǰУЩӳ, ۽ʶǳ˿ɱȣдľĶһá
ο, ֪ӳĿ, Ϊ˰ʵŮ볯ĿģԺһֱ̿ࡣѩɫʹϻֱۣһǧ
һλлޱ, л̫ҵС㣬лңлޱСͶĿȾƾٵĿѶȲ󣬴ǷŰǰԤԼӦϰ
Ԥϵĸϲ, лޱʥϵ̽
һ̽ɾȻŮӣϢȥ½Ծ
¿״Ԫۡ̽νʱΧ۵İռȫעлޱϡ
лޱһ°ϣ緢ͦñֱ
ʱŮӿ˿ƾ٣ѧôණʲôã
ڶסĵнգ
㼲һտ
ŮͶʻҲǴĴͳˡ״ԪͰۣһ㶼ԳŮǻӭģһֱǷε̽ɡ
ε̽ǸŮӣǺԥһգһλﻹлޱʻ
һӭлޱϣͷλЦЦ
л̽黨һЦĹĪһϡ
ͶʻĹЩɬЩҲΪл̽ء
޸ءǡҲΪءŮǵ˼ű仯
գлޱƷĺԺ׫ѩɫƷĺԺޡԺǴʿǵıؾ֮·ںԺһʱ䣬ٷλ㾩١˺Ժǰ;ǲ
ǰϣӳЦؿǶˡ
Ҫʩӳȴȹһ񣺡Ů볯࣬Խ˶ʼˡ
˶һۣһɺ鼰ʹӿǿһµʱ
º
ӳϣλŮ볯ŮӲ빫ѧ
ᶨΪŮӲܿȡЩִ֮ˣı뷨ƴ裬ǿʼŮȥѧ
ģ˷ϰְ֮λҲʼƸŮӡ
ˣŮѧļͥԽԽ࣬Ͼ㿼ȡ˹Ҳһıա
Щչӳּġ
ȫ벻ɡԨķչ̾
ӳЦЦķչʵѾԤڣȻּɡ
ҪȥδȥʲôԨ
ھлһҪӳ˴ߣʣһλᣬӳҪ׽ܷġ
ӳû뵽ǣٴν٣Ժ
ʱӳȻɻ顣
ԪۼŮǺ޲ð䱦ǰױʮױĶӿü޲档
ݹ۴£ҲһҵĻ硣
λһЩеİûϰ׳ΣһƥɲζС
;УźۣŸͷ֮ˣһ˫ˡżӼ䣬¶ЩЦ⣬Χ֮޲ǰ绪
ɪ羰
⿰ƾ׵ľٶȴò֮⡣
ƺѾϰ˰ʱʱڲͬ
 
ӳվһŮǰӼ䣬Ůɫ¶һ˿顣
ŮӾǴѼѣڵʱٲͬϵͳҪ¶һЩŴʶ»ص
ȴû뵽Ѿȥ˼꣬仯֮ٲȻѷ츲ء
񲹵ĹŴʶƺûаõαװѼδü˽⼸ȫͱӳ׽˸š
ӳȨóռϢĻѼѵĵѼѳסһȥտ֮Ľ
ǷŲտ֮ӳʵ
㡭ǹˣѼѲʵһǵӳԸˣολİأ
ǰӳЦЦǱ顣
Ǳ飿ѼɫãȻ
һһ߰ɡӳĻЩѼѵԤϡ
㡭㲻𣿡
ӳЦЦ
ӳȥĵһط˽ӡ
Ѽʮֲ⣬ؿһЩŵĺͯ󣬲ŷ˲ԣףôŮӣʱŮӲܶ𣿡
ӳЦֻǵ
ڶطǰ¹Ժʱİ¹Ժһ治ŮӴŻЦﴩУӳ׷׿ĵشкƺλ³Ժһ²İ
ӳһһͷʾ⣬ֶһãȻѼѵھʱżڿΡ
㡭ʲôΣ
ӳЦˣʵżҲʷѧȨıԺЩŮڶݲѡ
ѼתһȦЩŮϳ۳ңͷ麣֮УΪһѧ۲ݣɳű󡭡
ѼѾȵз˷һƵŮһѼѲµ÷䡣ƺʲôѧ⣬ëֽϱȻʲô
ѼӡĽҷʱһ֮ѧʵӣѼѲΪԼϴˡ
ôӳʵ
Ѽڨڨģһ
ӳΪ⣬ֻǵ
ѼѸӳһ·˹͢ӳΪʥɳ빬͢ȨʱѼѣһ·˳˸
¡һ࣬Ϊ׵ͣӳʩһ
ѼЩȵطΪ֮˾ȻһŮӡ
һ£λκκӳڹаҲû뵽ôɾκء
κضѼѹּѼûʲôӦ
κһȥѼѲγѰʵκأǡ
û֪һλ
ġ̫һѼѳϡλҲտ֮ȷ糾κأƺˬģӦһ使ݲйֻĿտ֮ĺԺһ磬˱Żš
ɣӳȴûΪ˼
ϣٹϳ
ҪҪ飬ɢĳЩ
ˣʱҽӽ类¡
֣ǶΪ棬û衣
Ѽѵǵһμٹϳĳפ㡣
ӳҲûг˼ſפá
ΣѼͻȻתͷӳҺ񿴵һŮվ棬ոջ˵ˡ
ûӳǺԺ̶ѧʿлޱлˣ㻹ǵõĻռù塣
лޱѼѻһ¸ոմڳ٩٩̸ģѵذԼռùϵлޱ
ӳ㵽ҪҿʲôѼ̲סʳڡ
ӳЦЦȻֻǵ                        
лҪ˵Ľᵹʱлһ·Сʹ(ţ 3)

 99 


˾ʱ, ӳֽͣ
ѼѲ⣺Ҫʲô
Ǵһ¥̩¥ҪȥȡЩӳ͵
Ѽ˵Լ޹أ¿ϡʱƺֻעտ֮صһ, ڴһ¥ûвκ
ӳܿصϣһ·Ѽǵĳ¥
˾Ӹ£Žϰ
ҪҿʲôѼʡ
ӳ΢Цհҵ, ̫ƽʢ, ̩񰲡
ѼӲҿͼǰʲôͬ
ӳȴҲ̧, ˵ǿԵĻһȥ߹أһս֮İաҪѺܳʱ, ҾͲˡ
Ѽڲͷ˵Щ׺ʲôϵ
ӳóӶ̩¥ȡĶ
Ѽŷ֣⾹ǱϮŮҡǻڵķ, סˡ
л㣬лⱾ飬ĸı, Ȿ鹦û
ѼãȻⲻһѡ
ڿⱾ, Ҹı˴
Ѽ˵ζⱾҲⱾΨһãտ֮ȻΨһһҲûɡ
ҲǱ, ô࣬Ըıδ򣬿ֻһˣҪԼһȫһֵεϡ
ռлޱӳһζԻʱӳ˵
ʱѼ֮Ա, ıδ˵ɣбһҿ
ڿˡ 
Ѽѵû뵽Ǳӳʹɽ
ȻлңǾͱȥտ֮ѼԹߣԼ֪Թ߳Ժδ֪ǷΪԷ붼¡
ǷŲӳЦؿΪһӡ̵Ůӣ
Σ
ֻ㣬겻ˣӳʼ磬˵տ֮Ⱳӡ̵Ůӣžˡ
ΪǣѼر⣬οһкܳ˭֪᲻ı⡣
ӳȴ˿գʹȥտ֮
Ժ  
տ֮һ˾
ɣ⵹ӳԤ֮еġ
ѼѴվڴ⣬տ֮ЩΨΨŵŵģ
˵ͻȻʧϧǱʲôĿġ
ָôˣ
ӯΪҵˣһָвҡӳԼࡣ
ʵҲǰѼͣûʶһ㣬Ȼ㶵ؿտ֮
һ֮֮ϵȨɻڴﰡʵѧôӣ
ҲĹ;ӳȴͻȻںԺٰ꣬š㱿ˣٶЩ˼һƷٴٲ˵ġ
ƷѼ૵˽ĹλֻƷǼ͵ġ
еճӹӹµµ֮ˡ
ô΢֮ʱر飬Ĳڲĺû𣿡
ǲһôһѼãȻʱ֪δȨ֪پһƷ
˿̣ӣͻȻʶǰٲǰȨˡ
Ѽѵһ
ӳЦˣ氮ǰɣ
Ѽͼ⣺ˣǰ緢ɣȥˣѲҵ갮ϵģҡұˣҺδ֮У
ıˣûҿǱ飬ҲдǰȨ£ӳƺͻȻʲô˼£ͻȻ뵽ɵķʽҲΪӡ̵ŮӡһӺ֮ǵ֡
ѼѾúһ˵ôҵĴ
ûָ˼ӳϾɲȨҲǴ֮ҡ
㡭㣬Ҫ壬ıһС
κأӳڵӣѵտ֮ĺԺ껪𣿡
Ѽ뵽˽ЩŮʻġӣӲһ䣬ȴ˵ڡ
ӳͬһ飬Ϊѹ֮մմϲʱȴδҪЩˡ
κص𣿺ܿѼʲô취أӳһŮ壬ȥ̫ʦء
ʶظԼŽڣȻʶӳŮ֮κء
ӳѾıô˵
һ飬ڲͬ˵Ļô಻ͬ
ӳɫûٶԣ㻹ʲôȥһ𣿡
ѼѲڴ꣬տ֮Ҳûǣ
ɫиһ˿ãȻԼĴ
գȻҡҡͷûˡ
ô˵ɣӳЦЦְ̧Ķͷϣ˴ξ𣬴
ӳᣬѼεһ̣ãȻ룬ĲټǺԼռ
ȻŸֳһ뷨Լûлصˡ
ɽ֮
һλϻ裬ӳеġϮŮҡһۣԥؽ֮Ͷ衣
෭Уҳܿ컯Ϊ̿
ҲҪⱾˡ
̶̼꣬·תĶˡ
飬ӳһɽ۸ֶ°ڷ˿ڷзɡ
ֱ߹˲ȥ
һûá
ھְȥĺȥԭ۳ңæ£ҰףԳ˴ͥǰһĻ
ȥЩδ£Ե٣ѧ廨
ӳһЦ
Դɽߺ޴ȥ                        
лҪ˵ᣬλϡ
лλһ·׷ġ

һ½


ƽ, ƽҡʷԺһʱġƽ˼̳С 
½첻ɵӣƽȻһȻҪҴ, ı·
ص½ңĸȻҲƽһ׼ҵĹϵ, ǾӦðɷƽӷ¬̸Ŷԡ
ʱ, ½ƺڼ, ֻĸ״һǿЦݼ
½ߣ½ȴûеһڴӦҲûбֳʲô, ֻǷ·۰̾˿죬ҲӦöˣȥúùӰɣʲô, Ҫˡ
½Ŀɿڴû뵽ĸ׻˵ӯڽޣĸ, 㲻ƽʲô, ôúùӣ
½˴ͳһƱһӣ㹻һӣĪҪٻ½ˡ
½ų׻, һӣʲô˼ϡǵĸһӴ򷢹׵ݡ
㶵ؿǰ·ͻȻһİ˵ĸף½ȴٿתȥ, ŲҴҡ
½ίڵأԲŷʲô
ֱһŮ𣺡ⲻƽӷôڵϰ˿
½첻û֪˭ҵЦģ
½½ȳȣͬͬĸĵ׽ã˶Ҫǿӣദһ򲢲
½ͷ¬׺ûǰҫʱó֣½ȻΪԼġ
½ȳЦˣ㣬㻹𣿸ĸǲػ½ġ
Ҳѵ㶮
Ҷ½ȳ¶ֻı飬Ϊ¡
½Ŀɿڴʲô
Ǳµ飬³Ů½֪½ȳȵӻˣ˵٣ֵˣüô죿
½ֻÿЦ˶δػƽǵðǵ˼ҵǰ䡣
֮ܺԣĪְ½ȳȾӸµؿһۣˣӳȥ
½ȳһºȻק½׹ߡ
ƴƴš½ĴС㡱Ÿĸֵܡûֻһ·Ӻ˳ȥ

½ڽĿĵεţǸӵСԺӡʫûܳײĸϣھ˸Ժӡһ˶Ƥ˽ȥɵĽӵƽĹӣÿĦϣݡ
½زȥ½ҲֻݾСԺŰ죬εʡĸס
ţ̧ͷʱŷԼһϤĽ֣Ϥˡ
Ǽӵ߷еŮΧһŮվһҾ¥ǰ
Ůһ
죿һŮȳƺ˵Щʲô
һȹӵĹȴס˵ʲôƽԽݡ
½һͣȴͻȻⳡϤĿ¡
͵̧ͷǼλŮͷϷɺ¥ԡ
·ǰͬ¡
ֻʱ½վһߣվڱλϵģİӳ
½һ䣺ҿԲ£ΪҪ侮ʯ
ûʳڣΪؼǵãӳôʵʱԼôشġ
ȹӹڼ½ѾѲɺ¥˰ɣ
½һ嶯һ𣬲̤¥һƹǰϲˡ
סˣһڷɺ¥ֻܳΣʡãȴܻϼꡣ
½Ǳ뿪Сʧʹޡ
ôһ̣Լ
һ߿Լһ˵ӳ
֮ǲҲԼһڽʹޣ
ǲҲԼһͣʲ조ƾʲôƾʲô£
ǲҲԼһǰ·ֻһ֮
½ſţͻȻʶӳᡣ
ӳԼһǾͲİ
ӳԹ԰ԱҲĳ˷ֵʱ̾һ䣺ԭλǽĿ仰ʹ˸һ˶塣
ӳھ֮У˵Ҳ̫׼ȷԼ˫֣׬һ׬һ١
ţ½콥ֹͣ˿
һ˲䣬ͻȻ㣬½Ժðһ뷨ӳô
ֲҪһƸֻ꣬֡ҪԼúһЩҲûôѡ
ӳӳ
½Ĭ飬һ뿪ƽһӣ¬Ǹ÷ȴߣƽʱαװһ£ƽսǷϱ꣬ʱ½춯֡
ӳ˵ģ½죬ɵΪһλöܺġúԼǲ޷˲
ӳû˵޷ˣȷʵ޷ˣֻϧ½챻Ĺ⻷Իۣʱʶһ㡣
뵽½һĬһ飬ӳ
½վֱߴˮϴ˰תͷƽһסСԺ
ûõ飬ֻõ飬Ҳܺá
óʮһСԺʣµʮ档
СԺ˲ˣ˼Ѽڸ¥˸﹤Ļơ
Ů볯ְλʼŮӡ
½ѧʲߣôʶ֣ʱʶֵŮӻ࣬½ܿ˽ҵ˷ݻƣ߹۲ЩڿΡ
ٺŮ̳˺ܶӡѧУ˿ȡ˹
һ𾴣ڣеӻӵĸĸЩѼһͬڡ
½δʲôİڵȻǰʱ㡣
ʮʱ޺⡣
ԺУͥǰӡ                        
лҪ˵лkiligĵ1ö

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