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֦ΣûһëǮϵڻв
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αӽ֦ζ˸ҳվڻԭ
ݼŵĹ֪һ£վϲǡ
֦ΣܣҲţǼٵġ
ֱ֦ηĴĿԽվĺڻֵ
գվǽڷ޳ָķβ¶ɫǡ
֦ΣҲǡ
վɫһ䣬ۼĺڻֱֵǡ
֦Σǣǣ
˴Ůx没
1v1SCܿա
ʳָϡ
1ϵͳеϣָ̫֡
2ŮȻ˼ʽͬڳˡ
Ȼָʶװɵ̬Ը
ڰ鷽϶ǳٶۣŮ趨ˣаٶȡ
3ûϲԭŮԭŮ
4ввв
==================

 1 

֦һεͬĻ档
֪վ죬ֽ׵
Ż⣬վͬΪĸ˼ɲ
ϵѪ̣ɥĲ˳ҡ
ĸ׼촦վȴѪĽ޺ùĽЦһ
ǿͷ­۹ڽ£߸ϵѫſڲѹסļС
ʱվһһɪɪ׵ܡ
Цһ濴ϸһͬѪ
ƯڿУΪԹߵ֦Σ̲ס˸

ΣѣҪٵˣ
ҡѵ֦ۣʶѾεվ׸ĳ
˻ԴԼֻĵξ
Сң˸µһ㿴Ҳ֪ôģվͻȻͺڻˡ
ڴ·֦κһϤ֣ɼͣһ¡
ѻߴߴۣ֦αⱾµľ顣
µһվصϳǺĵһ¾Ƕ˱Ȩ
˵ǵôϰѱȨСңʡ
ûϸȨḶ֦́ȴ뵽⼸ͷجΡ
ǵճӣѵδɵĵܵ𣿡һЦЦ
֦Ѽǲõʱվϵ飬ֻ֪֪վӵһֱͽ
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Եɺ֮£֦δⱾųתͬ⧲ĹѪС˵
縺άŮĸߵฮСݴʮꡣ
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Ϊķչ̫ϵ
ҹ֦׼˯ʱѻ۷ˡ
֦ȴǱǸվˣʹҲվ졣

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ﻹʲô
֦У֪Ů˵Ļǣվ죬˻кܶѡ㲻ִֻڡ
ΪŮǡ
֦βԸٴ˲̵һĻҪۣȴѲ
һʧܡڶγԿѾС
ϤĻе֦һҪصˣ
ã±ǻҪýá
֦α⴫ݵŮѡ
ϳǰճµҲǷ˵ԭŮ
ΧŴĳ֦Լ˻ۡ

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ϵͳô£֦ʶ֮ǰǴ
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֦˼룬ŵʵĺڻˣ
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ǵģڻɱŮֱӵԭ鱯ҵĽ֡
֦һӾͷӦЩجϵͳ
Ժʲôϵ֦βԣ²վΪ²öڻˡ
ľٶӰ죬޸©վĺڻصվ컹δȫڻĽڵ㡣ϵͳд
û֦ηϵͳͽ˵һֹվڻʧܣֽҲһּͬҵİȥ
ȻһݽУܶʼֱɹΪֹҪעǣڵҲᱻ϶Ϊʧܡ
ԣ֦̾˿һδ飬ܿؽ״
һฮС㣬һ֪ʲôݡ
ʱ಻ϵŶ϶Ŀ֦θӷꡣ
ϰ뿪ĴȴϤס
ǰ㣬Ҳھɥ񡣡 
Ժеɥ֦βЩͷƤ顣
ǵ֦αϾôãҲе顣
뿴Ϸ绯ĳ棬Ǿشӱܡ
֦ϴһ˲䣬Ź־µߡ
վ졣
֦οǸȺеӰôҲ޷˺ͺڻϵһ
վķɫףͦıӣ촽һ
µʹһ޹С
վر߽ĻǰΨһĶӡ
ϵ˵ǣվ͵
ʵ򾩳ǵĻ嶼֪վǸӰĴڡ
Ȼܲң֦ξⲢӰվΪһˡ
֦λǵվʱǸϴ˾޵Цݡ
ǰվʱʵһǳԱġ

뵽⣬֦εԶվһֱۣͻȫ͡
ҵİģ
ˣ֦ûͣ¹شĶڰվ촫ߵһǽ֮⡣
ðɣ̫ӭZվЩʧ񣬿ʵ
¡վջߣϻǸı顣
һϤĿⲻ֪Ӻδֺܿʧ
Ҳ̫ˣ˭Ҳ뵽¡
šվ촹˿е
ǰͶةฮԶסǸʵеתƶģòֶԼġ
ϵͳһ䵭
֦ƲӦھةฮԶĳҿջ
ʱ֮ǰûã˳νϾ顣
ⱾС˵ǵլƪ˽β
ٹã¾ͻᱻΪ̫̫ӭZɻ飬빬ƪֻҪԭŮɻ飬ɡ
ɸֻδĿ࣬ǲƺվαװƶ볢̽վĵĿ־塣
֦εԺͻȻ֡
ϵͳҪҲǵ࣬Ϊ֪Ϊվ쵲һ
֦ߵǣԭֻһʴȻɵĶةฮĹŮ
˵ǵᵽĽվ죬
ϵͳŪվǲǾֹڻˣ֦뵽һİ취
ϵͳĬһӵõĻԡ
ش֦˼ص˵ͷ
ʱʧ߳ţǰةฮ
뿪ջһתǴ֦⧲ͣ˽Ų
վ쿿£ȴϵı顣
дվϤһλˡ
֦λû׼վ죬ֻװûпӣֱؼǰߡ
ƺһЦ


 2 

ةû뵽ͶԶݻɥ֡
ة֦δǰȥӣճֳŮ¡ǡ
ߺةֻ̧һ˵ѾߵһŮ
ةฮ֦βõա
֦λδڣ֦治ʱ¶æǵɥҪǲԺտɺá
Ϊʱ߶һǣһĸģ
Ϊ֦һֻдʣȻ֦ƫóѡ
뵽⣬֦ɥı飬ֻڹԺ߶żգɥ㡣
Ȼû뵽֦λӦ
Ͼֻ֦ԶףҲǱ̹ģ֦Թ˵һ֮Աǡ
ةʱʧȥŮʹУֻǻ˻ֱʾ֪ˡ
Ǿ鷳·ɡ֦γةķ˸Ȼͷ۹
ة̬ˣֻȴ֦ȥԺӡ
֦νڹһϵͳĺڻֵǶ٣
ܹ鿴ÿ˵ĺڻֵ֦ϵͳṩΨһһָ
ʵϣָʼ趨ǿԲ鿴ָߵĳֵ
һ֦ѡǺøжȡ
ٴδ֪Ϊվڻѡ˺ڻֵΪָݡ
ϵͳ˺ڻֵʾ¹ܡ
ȻָҲǴӦȱݡ
˵ֻܲ鿴֦νӴˣһֻܶʹãҺڻֵڵڶ¡
⻰ֻ֦ϵͳһķϡ
⣬Ŀǰĺڻֵ10%
ϵͳĻش֦üͷ
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Ƴ֦Щ񣬵֦ɻã
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֦ζǰӡסԶ
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ڵּϷ˵Ů
ǰȻҲϷһĸȴرףΪةʵǹ̸Ϸ˵ĺӡ
ϷСŮ˽֪ա
֦μǵϷʮֹСŮ
֦οϵͳּϵϣҲڣϷ˵Ľᣬ˳µա
߲ã֦εķſڱ
֦β²𣬹˵֦Ϥ
Ȼ
ڶ¹ܵĺ棬֦Ҫ鿴ĺڻֵ
⣬Ŀǰĺڻֵ50%
ֵ֦һסˡ
ϵͳʾ50%ǿԱ϶ΪɵĽޡ
ʱƿŵ𣬼֦Ǿȣ֦˵ü촽죬һ˫ˮĴ۾ǻ㾦Ĵڣϻ˵·¶ݵ΢
ԼźζϺõģɫԾҲ
Ȼȴɫֻظͷϵ
ǾǶеĿʽ֦δӲݳ޵Ρ
ฮŮ֦Σ챦Ŀġ
εͷȻ󣬵˿մӣٳٲڣֻˣ𣬴Ĵ߰ɡ
һ䡰ûʶȴЦŻش𣺡á
ӣˣվҲةฮС
źվż⽫֦ߵͥԺ
˿ںɢģ̫ӭZҲԡ
Ȼ֦εһۿȴǲԶվ졣
Ľë΢΢´ڰڵѹ֦κһ
ϵͳϵͳ죬վĺڻֵ̲ס
ŴҴһ˲鿴ڻֵ
ϵͳյڿʼ⡣
Ƭ̼䣬ʶ˵Ľӽ
𡭡Եλǰ֦𣿡ʵɤƺЩơ
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ͻȻΪฮĵճŮŵҲйϵĴ󲨶
ǰ²ʮչǣҲһͬʡ
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仰֦β졣
ϵͳ˵ѡнеҪԭǳ
һСֱﳤʮ꣬Լʵб߷ơ
ֻ֦βܸǣǣڹŴȥȴָҪġ
֣̫ӻͷһվ죬ûʲô
֦ҲվƽƺղµżĴ
Ȼᵽãµ̲ס
¡ӭZĵؿ£ʧ㡣
˵꣬ǣµ뿪
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վԼڵ֦˲磬ԴǸس˵ͷҲתķȥ
ֱվıӰʧջĿ⡣
̫ӺͣӡᵽʱɵҲøЩ
š֦Ӧ¡
ڼվĻϲУ֦α񣬲жǵݡ
֦αҲδʶԼ˴˿ֻվĺڻֵǶ١
ϵͳμʱôô̲סߴٵ
⣬վĺڻֵƮά80%ϡϵͳеڴ𰸡
֦վĺڻֵܸߡ
ֻƮô£80%ҲЩ˰ɣ
ϵͳ·֦εһ䡣
ע⣬ڻֵﵽ100%ΪȫڻᱻжΪʧܡ
ϵͳ񿨴Ƶͣ˼룬һ仰ȴ֦β
Ϊͷ֮ʹϵͳṩ֡
ǰվ쵲ʱʹϵͳı֣Ǹܵ˺ѷεʹ
һһ
һĺڻֵᴥӦĽ
ԣͻȻ֦˶
֦ĸ˯ˣҴȥɡ֦ε˼ʵ
֦ǳЦȴǲм
ͻȻñԺ󲻽Լţ˴ּ˵ռվ죬ֵһᡣ
ãˡ֦Ҳ΢Цˣ̫ӺӾฮ𣿡
Ľվ쿪ʼ׻
ǰ̫̫̫ӵʱฮ۹Ρ
ᵽվ죬ʹ˻ϻ
˵Ǻ½һ𳤴ġ˶٣ǡ
ΪŮûʸһ
֦Ҳ˵˰ɣھɥǣΪ˾Ӷ
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̸۹ǵĻ⡣
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Ͷϡ˵ʱϾ͸ָˡ
ͻȻһתǿɵȴҲû˵塣
֦αΪŮĺϢеο˵ǰԼվ졣
 ֦̫ڲ֪ηӦ
һۿ֦ξΪúЩ
񣬶û˵Ļﲻɵ̹Щ
֦λǴ͵ģʱû˼ȥ
ǰĸסˣҸﻹԼ˵£֦ԼȥС
ѯ֦ε˵仰ת˸׼뿪
֦ҲһϷˣʱ˼ƽϣͷлл𡣡
Ŀǰĺڻֵ30%
׼֦Ժдһ˲
ʱϷߵɿţſڵ֦Ρ
ǡСС𣿡û֦λش𣬾ͳﺰϷˣСС㣬ССˡ

 3 

ָϷ˼ʮ꣬ҲϷ˼ӵ
УȻ֦ϵĸףǸ˽СŮ
֦ò߷ǰǣ֣ǸռʱС㡣
ʵ֦ҲŸչԼʮա
Դ֦Σʮ
δ֦ηӦֱǰǣס֦ε֣ϷԺá
Ϸһַţ
ⲻ֦εһμϷˡ
Ϸʱһھ֮С
ҿϷḧ֦εգúӣЩܿˡ
֦εϷѷŴ˾ųơ
˵֦θɾ峺գʱСŮƤʱģ
ĸ֦գգ۾
ϷﻹűˣҲǴӣҵŮǣôҵŮ˻
֦ΰϷ˵˸пֶ˸ֹվڻɡ
ͬʱΪŮТĸ
Ϸ˼ֻ֦һˣ㲦һǰѾ߸
֦ǽ壬ӣ㡣գѾʱѡԼ˳۵ġ
֦ε˵ͷ
ȷҪĸϷ˸Ȼģ¡
Ϸ˿֦ι˳ӣԽԽϲ˼䡣
ʱôȻȥֱѾϷʳʱ˲Ųط뿪
Ϸ𣬳Ե嵭û֦ͬý֦λط䡣
Ϊ֦׼ԺӻδʰãϷڹﰲŵķסš
÷֦εʵ
ǰ
֦ʧ̬ˡ´ʱѻָյ񾲡
½㡣֦ԥƬ̣ȴǵһ䣬ӡ
ԣ̾һϣԽҲܶ
Ƽ֦һɻӣ̶ͣԽӵı֣ǾΪš
֦εȻ֪¿еԽվ졣
δ֦ϸ룬¼˵ãСͶԽвһ˼
֦￩һ£װ˵Ҳᵽһ䡣ƺǡ
ԽҺ̫Ϳˡ
֦˵ʵƺֻǶվĴ澴⡣
һ𳤴̫Ӹ׼Ǵա

ΪһӰ쵽ǵĸ顣
ĿԶ׷Խ

ΪվӰ쵽ǵĸ顣
֦ο϶Լվ⣬ζȴ޷ڣֻĵ̾һ䣬컯Ūš
ԽҲǸظˣҴδհŹվɥϵı֡
½һʲô
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¼֦εıЩԾҲʶԼ˵̫ࡣ
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ͬʱϵͳ˵վȫڻڹƪǾʱ˰֮á
ΪǺڻġ
վ֮Ϊ̬ΪվڻֵôߣȻܺװĸһ
վᵶɱˣһҪֹɱˡ
̬Ǳ̬ȻǺÿı̬ҲǱ̬Բϲǣ֦Ҵߡ
վ϶Ϊһ޸Ĺһ㶼񣬿ɲģһ㶼ϣվϲǡ
ϵͳ֦ε죬ĬĬؽм⡣
վǵĺøжΪ90%
վµĺøжΪ1%
վԻĺøжΪ1%
ݲ͸¶֦ΣʱĽָǺڻֵ
ֻ޵ᵽվı̬֮ڶĳų˰С
ʱ֦ϵͳʾͻȻվһǻλȤϾС˵ĺɱףΪµĻ
ӦΪǻıȨ
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ϵͳοءΡһ
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Ȼϵͳܹ֦εһᱻð
֦δ˿̵뷨ǣվȻ̬Ҳ޷ס
һֻɽ˵ľ䷴ɽɫ

һߣ̬̬վĸ
վǰӡ
ȥฮϻ֦Ρվûκ
ΪӴ
Ȼվ콫߾۽ұߵϡ
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ǵĵһ£óŮ
վ쿴ó̫ӭZ˼
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վ챾þܾĿǰǸӡ
οҲ˵֮ǰ¼˾ţǸöȥ߶߶
ǳĻȻ

ա
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к̡֦֬
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С㡣֦̽κľٶ
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˵ָŰǺС
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ʱ´ƹ߹
֦˺£
ͬʱ֦ӵ𣺡վ˿̵ĺڻֵΪ90%
лҪ˵ллСʹӪҺ
΢quq
Լһϻ賿


 4 

ݣ֦װµվһۡ
ϻǴЦ⣬˿κζߡ
֦ȴôͻȻڻֵˡ
֦ηִ˿վĿͶԼ
Ǵı
½㣬սʱҲһСָָ֦֬
ˡ¿һԵƹ񣬡ٸ֦һаɡ
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Էһ֦ʣϵͳĺڻֵǶ٣
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ɿվԺա
˶˵ӱӡ
֦βòϣվƭԡ
Ҫǰ֪飬ʶ꣬վ컹һøеġ
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СԽıã˲ѪԵϵ֦ϸϸεĻԽĸҰСŮ
ڵ֪һºֵ˳ĻģͬԶ׵֦θܵ˲ࡣ
֦λΪվյĺڻֵȻո10%
գҲڳԱпǰ
µ֦
бҪ鿴һ°ĺڻֵ

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գ֦κں߳
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֦Ժõֵӡ
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վƳߵм͹ŵڵ񡣡
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ڵĹΪ󰲣Ƭ½ǿʢĹҡ
˴󰲣ҪĻĸңԽϽٺͱ
󰲵ľڲǰ̲˽ıϱߵϽлľء
ڱͶӱλõֳ
ٺͶԽСȥ걬սڵɱ֮
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ϵͳվڵĺڻֵ٣
֦ȻվΪЩ죬˵Ȼ
75%
Ǻܸߡ
ȻԱһһ㣬֦뵽ȴǵһϵͳ˵վĺڻһֱƮ
ȡҪúڻֵһʱȶĳֵ
ֻҪڻֵڽ֦ξ;Ǻõơ
ѡָ꣬Ѿʰ档
õֵӿտҲʱЩȡ
ССϲ㣿
֦β˼ص˵ͷ
̫ûгζһСĳԶˡ
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ּ֦κβʣֻ֦οζء
֪Уʱѹ
̫Ӻӱǻظ

ӸС
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ʣµõ֣˰ɡ
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 5 

ΪʲôΪ
죬һڵ֦λصгϵͳ

Ƕʧܵĳͷϵͳ˶٣һʧܣٴ¾ּҵŮˡ
ζʧһΣͻήһݡ
ڵѾίˣҪŮ̸ʲôֹվڻ
վ涼
֦ԣҧҧǽڱߵĻӲ˻ȥ
֦ߵôæƬ̺żܽ
һ㿴֦Ĺĵߡ
С㡭岻֦̿ίӣԺС˰ɣ
֦Ը̣ûн˻
кãķӡ
ոһܻ֦ξŷִʱʵ
ϵĲ˳־͸Լһ
С㡭
֦ȴ˰֣û¡
˵꣬豭һڡ
ȿȣ̣ղߣ֦ξͱǺ
С㣬Ǹտġ弱æ֦εı˳
˺£մϷ˴Ľ廹δ̤֦εĿ
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һֱĬˮȴ˻С⼸ȥС죬Сûɫ
ˮἰҲ̲סǻǽ죬С㲻ǸԶݣ㳤мǰС㣬ҲȲСһ󡣡
⻰κ˶ʮѿġ
Ƕ֦˵Ҳܸκǡ
꣬ĬĬ
С㣬ҪϷ𣿡
Ȼ֦ȴҡҡͷ
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ʹ֪Ϸ˻վߣ֦Ҳ뿴ĸ׸ڵĸΪ϶
⼸ղ֦βû׳κõϢ
ĺڻֵҲûг40%
취
ǰΪǣ֦κòû̫ĽӴ
Ķ˹ذŮ֮ĸϡ
ʱŷһ֪
֦Ƶ̾һ
ΪϷŮΡ
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ȥæź򽻵ƻˡ
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մСһϵͳ˵лֻԷ硣
ϵͳֻҪܻؼңǾܾκ¡
ʣǧܿܿΪʲôƫƫң
ֱһ죬ةฮżȻײһĻҾ硣
Ϊʱǵĸ̫̫̫ʱةฮ
ͻʺԸȻĻǫҲ̫ӭZ
ӭZϾ̫ӣǫʹҲҶ֡
Ϊ̫վ졣
˽֪νĻӲǸӰˡ
߽λ¶Ϣĵڶ죬ӭZһﹷةฮſڶסվ죬Ȼһط
㻹Լأ翴㲻˳ˣҴ򣡡ǫļ˱㰴סվ죬ȭߡ
ò״ةฮӳû߶Զ··˴
ǸʲôأҲ·Щķ
һתǿһȺΧǱߣΪ׵Ǹ˻رǷᡣ
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ţԼ
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Ҳ̫ÿˡ
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òһеġվ죬ǵĻȴš
ǻδ޶ãةฮ˱Ѱ˹
Ҳϳվ죬Сôһ𣿡
²ᣬæ·ˣӣ
ͬʱ֪طվûԵ˺ۣ·ȴǿ
ոյĻ棬Ϊ֮ԼĪ˾꣬˼˺ݶ
صУǵ֪˵ĻǫԼվľ
֮ͻȻԼˡ
ųǫȴ䱾
ӭZվʹӣʹϵżԼǡ
ɼеĸ
ٴǫǵ֦ɾ̫֡
ΪһȢǸøΪ˶վ죡˭֪ǾȻֱˣ춼ȥ
ǫڼ֦ȴҲȥˡ
һ룬֦ȥ
֦һ֮£ԼѲฮŮݣƿžͿ˽ȥ
С㣡æס֦Ρ
ʱǫ˲پƣͻȻֵ֦ΣʶشУ
˼ǫûվȣһӵ˵ϡ
һо˲ˡ
֦֦κµĻ
һͷӭZվ졣

 6 

֦ڿվϵǳЦʱػع
ûע⵽վʱķ޷ƶվǷǫ˵Ļ
ʱŵģ˸ˡ
ĵܣһ˰ɡӭZĮǫ
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ĻǫӴͨϽɱӡӭZûֻǫߡ
ʱǫľƻδѣܵ˾ţûз
ץˣվתͷҪ뿪
֦ԥƬ̣ȴûпڡ
ǹסĻӣһ䣺֤ݣ
վƲ˰һۣµ
ƹ˸ĳ١
ԣսȭͷ׻ûٽӻ
ǫ棬˶ûдСˣøϽȥ֪
Ҳû˹ע֦θոͻΪ
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ΪվԱǫȻǳɻ顣
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עǫİΣ
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˵Ͻ˼նöĻмһ˿֡
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Ϊլйأһգǣ˹ڡ
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С㣬˵Ͻ˻ġ
ϵͳ𣿡֦ξ⻰Щš
ϵͳĬƬ̣صⱾʮ֮ãѵñҸ˽Ͻ𣿡
֦ҭס
ϽΨһ˽ԭ￴Ͻᱻո
ǫҲʧ̬ˡѾ𣿡
ϵͳͻʣ֦Ȼá
û߹лԼ£ͻȻ֪ȻᷴӦ
ǰй۲죬ѵֲ˿ϵͳ˵һ䣬ʱ֦ȴ˶˼
һ£ǰةȷ̸
ʱة໹û꣬ͻһ½㻹δɻ顣
ʱةֹּȥߣ¡
֦οǰߴߴϽĽ塣
ͻȻʶһֱԼ磬Ȼȴʵʵڵš
ǰҲǻˡ
ǳ˹עŮĸ飬δ硣
ԸΪվ쵲һҲ뻹ԼȥĶ顣
һǺ硣
Ϊ֮䲻κϵ
ŷ֣鶼Ӧ
ǣ֦Ρ
ҾܾصΪ߶Ǻһ˼иˣ޷ԤĶһĽԼҴ𰸡
ϵͳⷬȻжΣ֦ȴ֪˵ǶԵġ
ϴҵվǷϲǵ⣬ѵûҵ𣿡

 7 

ֱ˯֦Ķվϲ¡
ε˴ǰЩ档
վ죬ûʶվᵽ䡣
ֱڷةȥԽҩ
ԽһԵǸһõֽ
ǻӡõͷ
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Խı֡ةź룬£ȷȥһ˰ɡ
ةԼµնվֵˣֻӴΣҲࡣ
Űվ˵֮˶˺š
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뵽վԺӰŮˣǾҩ
·ˣӰοҡȥҩ𣿡ǳһ£֣µӡ
֪̫Լ˸дգ̫żĻᡣ
ҲɡةΪ֮ǰһֱƲ֣ҪȻҲܾ
׵Ļشԥط˴֡
õóԣվҲ顣
ڿֻһõֺһ䣺ãϲõ֣
ʵбõּ˶Ļ㣬ǵ˵ͷ
Ҵҷ¿ӣϸȥӸ
ⴺ¥ƷΣʵϣֻһ飬;Щ塣
ۺ͵һ㹻ޡٳԱڽܣӵĳҲֻõ˵Ͽɡ
ڳةλִ˵žǼʹȤһܽܲһҲ֮١

վû뵽ּܿտޱӵС
ǵһֳʮĲͷЦ
Ȼʱǻڸվ켫Ƽõ֡
ϧվ챾ˣϲʳ
԰ɡڲվסǰ˸ϳȥ
ةʦҲǾݶˡ
ޣǺðɡվĻػȴֳϲãôˣ
վЦһ˭ҪĿ
뿴𣿡վҪ·
Ϊǻֳ⣬˭֪۾дŵڴ
ϵͳ˵˵ṹִ˻в𣿡мϵͳ
ϵͳػһ䣺㿴֪ˡ
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ҲǴʱ仡Ī䡣
ǼվЩɣΪ˵ֽŲ¡
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һֱҪܵܣĵܵ򲻿ӵվֵ
վ쿴ǰԼ˲ֹһͷǣЩ졣
ãҪҩˣȥ
ԣǲʣΪΣ
˸ոջҪˡ
˿ڵλò㡭վ˸ڣܸܲԼߡ
ޣǻȻ
ʱǻ룬ǫǶ񶾣ȻվӾ
վҩٴʱǳͷڷ
ôȥվΪ뿪ˡ
ȻܸǰȥºӭZĶ
Щ죬ǲԸţΪģĶ
ҾͦõġͦƬ̣ҵ˸ʡ
ô
վԳЦЦ
Ϊ˶ˡ
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룬ǳʲôģЦôÿ
Ժ𣿡뵽վԺܻӰ쵽Ů鷢չԼÿס
ǵվ룬ڿЦʱ΢΢˵ͷ
ȻǼֲ˶á
ųʶ˳زº󣬱Ŀתվ졣
վ̫̫ǱУڹȥʮڸһ¡
վƢôãҲÿǲЩ̫ӵ˵
֮Ǳⶢ̫ӭZ
Ȼվ죬ǿ²ûôʺ
վ죬ʵ½㣬ŮҲ㡣˵⻰ʱ۾ԵԼ޹һЩ

֦βΪʱκλվϲ¡
һߵӸվҲڻǵĹȥ
ʶǺӵȷȤЩ
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ϸĵҲõ¡
һ죬ǵͷЦϲʲôкӣ
ǵǵĻشǣǫǫӣ񡣡
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ֱΪһͻȻ
վһֱ֪ҪԶԶ
Ƕ˵ֹһΡ

ڶ죬֦ñƽЩ
򿪷ʱ˵
˵ڿӵĻˡ
Ѿ֪⣬㸽͵ΪϲС㣬ҲŲСฮŮݡҪ˵ɫҼСɲ
ʱ֦λδѣȴ˻е˼
һʱͻȻԺҪıվ죬ȻòµĻģȡͬΪŮǵҲǸ취
ˣ֦ξվϲǣֻһȨǰԵòһ
뵽ɻ֦αᵽȻʵĸоֻͷԼԼоһɳơ
ڻվ᲻յ˴ּңվǸ̬
ȻǸվ죬ʶʮվ죬򲻻µġ
ϵͳҲ䣬οʵڵġ
֦޷Ԥδķչȷǣٻվ죬޷ʹɱ֡
վڻǰֹ
ʱ֦̲סΪվҽڣֻûǵݣһжԲ˳
֦̾Ϣһȥ̸̸ġ
ߵ·ſڣͿºӭZվһ
ӭZһá
ǫ˸ˡĵһ¾ȥԽһơ
лҪ˵ߴղquq
ŮȻھΪԸʹȻ
Ҵ߻ԭ
ʱҪǫĳ

 8 

Լʱǰ
󽫾ͼλ佫糯һɣĻӴͨϽһΡ
ȷ֤ݣҲпϽΪĻӶƾġ
ĿĻӺͻϸ֮Ĺϵ
糯֮󣬻ϹȻվԤϰ㽫ǫ˳
ͬʱҲڸﷴʡա
ǫ˸˲һϡ
˭֪ǫմ˸㰴಻ס飬ȥվ졣
Ҳ֪ǲɺϣʱվ˸ԶĽϡ
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ȥ֦ﲻɵһŭ
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Խ𣿡ҲǫΪ̫֣ĺƢ²˰ɣ
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ԽƣΪǫ壬ûй̺ܽڳİտЦˡ
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ȻӭZǫĻ֣Ƕվͬ
֦վκǫϲûռ·ʱͻȻġ
ºӭZתҪ뿪
ڴ̫Ӷ˵һ䣬֪Խ书ǫ˵ӣԽ书ǲ͡
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ΪҪΪվеǡ
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С㣿ʲôԸ𣿡û֦˵Ļ
ھ֮е֦ȴԹԵؼǰߡ
ˮ壬ոС˵ʲô𣿡
ˮҲҡҡͷ
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շת˼ҩ̣֦Իҩ䷽
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һҩһֲ֦ȴٳû뿪
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֦վϾǸˣӦò˿ڲܡ
˺۵ҩࡣ
ǣϵͳĬĬ鿴֦ζվĺøжȡ
40%
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ϵͳϾֻǻҲǸݶʵʱ뷨Ʋݡ
Ӧٶ۵֦ΣҲ֪ʱվ쵽ױʲô̬
Լֻص磬ֻһδϢʱ̲סΪҽڡ
ǿɺ֮˱п֮ɡ
֦΢΢ҡͷȰǰá
ϵͳԻҩȷЧ𣿡
մ¥ĻӰ֮µ㡰ǵĹȥ
ѾòԻҩá
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ҹ֦αʵԼļƻ
һбеĻҪ˳
ǰǣ˵
Ȼɪɪһ˵ͨ˳ӡ
֦μ͵ʳǸĵѾõ⡣
ǵôģ

 9 

һֻ̣˵ĺ
һ˻ڴڵش
ʱûƽյţƴ￿ŬѹԼĴڸС
֦üͷѹԼɤӣʹʱ
ҵôģ
δֻ
ǺҶң
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ͬʱһеҲܲס־֮У˹ȥ
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ϵͳǱҶ
֦λصȻţϵͳȷϡ
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δ֦Ҷֻǰʱһָ֡
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δʱ䣬ϵͳ͸¶֡
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СôűӣǷЩԽˡվֱ֦񣬻䵭

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ȻվȴʵԸ
֦Ƶ̾һ
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ֻǣ֪̫ܶˡ

껨󣬳㰲硣
Ůͬм
֦֮βڵĴʮΡ
ȻʶڳĴˣûǰҲƤȥ롣
ϾֻةԶףҾǹŮԼСȦӡ
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֦ԱŵģɾǷҵĶС㷽h
h֦ǰӿտҲһ䣬Ͷ̥
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һǸոյõǡ
֦εԺվӰδȥһߴС
ӣĻӣ
վ죿ǫ

 10 

磬֦ζܵһԵľʧ롣
뱭ž̶
һһǹ˵Ķ
ڳĹŮǿʼ˽඼ڲ²һ߷ִ
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Ӹ
վȻҲ֪ǫϢ
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 11 

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Ȣ㣬ʲôôվӵͣ˵ҽʲô
֪ڲֶС¡֦μվͣٵĶûؿʼš
ǫ֮£Ӧйϵɣ֦վ첻Ӧͼвվ졣
⻰վı鵹и
ϵЦ⡣
ֹҿԴӦȢ㡣Ҫʲôվ쿴֦εԺٸ㡣

ֱصָ֦λվ쾹ȻӦȢ֮¡
˵ɲ
ζ֦סǻλá
֦û뵽¾˳׼ͣͼææ߽
ôˣððʧʧġ֦鲻Ųһ졣
С㣬ˣ


 12 

˵ϸСͻˣ
֦εĵһӦǷĶҲ̫ЩŶ̶ڻǰĻӵĻ¡
뵽جģŵã˿̺˪Ӱ
ȥּɡ㲻Ը֦λǵԣ֮취
֦ʱ򣬿ѽ̫ӳɻʥּ
ﰵΪº̫ӸеˣϾһΪǵĸ鸶͡
֦γִ֣ӿȡһֽ
֦գգ۾ȷԼû
ȷһֽɫֽ
˵ǫ̫ӭZֳ˸ӣһֽͻ飬ƺЩ
֦β֪׹ʥּùݣʵʮֿܵġ
Ȼ֦γɵĶҲû¶˿á
ֻһʼʵͣŮغ񡢾ֹ壬뻴ӿ裬ش˽֦վ죬飡
֦ʱԼòԾ꣬ŷӦڸվͻ顣
Żǻϵ壬վǻϵͬԻϾֻ͡
ֻ̫ٷԴ֦Σغһܽܣֹ壬֦뵽ÿʱ͵͵
ȴΣֱӽ͵ݸ֦Ρ
ͬʱ֦͵͵һ
˵ĵ˵֮λСǺø
֦ľؽӹֽȴһ¡
ʱ뿪Ӹʱվǲ̶̵ʱֻп顣
źվһȫùһʣ
ӦվһҪ
뵽⣬֦κ޵Ȼ͸վˡ
ܹ̺֦еĲ̫һôǵõͬĽ
ֻƺվס
ϵͳн𣿡֦ԺʣԼΪ̫ࡣ
ǵġϵͳ˷ӦΪ˱ظУʱ͸¶ݡ
֦Թص˵ͷ˿ȴòװĸҲˡ
οԼϾǣʲôζģչҲġ
뵽⣬֦οġ
һ²ףϵͳվΪʲôҪȢң
·֮ǰҲ˵վԼ뷨
ĿǰδйĽӴΨһϵֻò߷ơ
ԭվϷ٣ϵͳ޷𡣡
ϵͳĻش֦üģϵͳһһ첻ףɶñһ
֦νӹͺδֱӻطȥ¡
½㣬ף㡣֦ο񾲵ЦݣԼŬûа׷ѡ
֦ǣ֦ε֣˵ԽǸˣ޸һҸġ
Ȼվ컹Ǹˣ֦һֱԭӦ¡
ΪฮŮ¶ׯ壬ʱ֦ξչˡ
֦ηסµ֣Ȼֹվڻû̫ģϣٿԱסµ
ֻص£ϵͳƣ޷˵ڡ
½㣬ҪСߵˡֻ֦ǴԵһ䡣
֦ûͷûԵĻҲûй׷ʣһ¡
ǳɻӣվͿҪ뿪ˡ
ԣ֦δһ¡
ԭʱ˵ƪǴ±ͻ鿪ʼ
ʮվ첻Ϊھǣص˻ϳǡ
ȥĵһ£Ѫϴ˻˻š
ȴûбֻõȨϽս˺͡
ȻڻؾܷʱɱԭŮˣı
֦λعһԭľ뵽ΪҪվһصϳǡ
ǲǵֹվ֦߱ϵͳ
֦ζԻӡֻͣվĿС
Ϊʱһֱûûаվ쵱ӡ
ǵվ챻ӻɻ׿ġ
Щվ̶ܴܵ϶뻴йأδĹӡ
˸һݣټӸҲûһվˡ
ֻҪһվ£֦ξͲ֪ΪվĲҽڡ
ʹԼδǱʶվڻԭⲿء
ءֻ豣֤ŮİΣ˵жϾȻ򲻾ȡϵͳ˻ش
˵Ǹһ𣿡֦Ѹٵطʡ
Ȼǡϵͳ˵
ǡ֦λЩ⣬ȴǰº
ױ̨һֻӨ͸
֦ұֻԭǴǺʱһֻˣ͸㣬ϣ㲻Ҫ
ܾ֦κĵùƣ֦λᣬһ
֦Ҳ뱻˵
ȻҶ˵Щ񣬵ǲͬˡҪ֪Ҳһ𡣡
֦⻰ɫһ䣬˻
ʶԼķӦǿңɤӣ˵ฮնС㣬վǻӣǴ˵Ӧܰ䡣
ɻϲô롣ϽձȨսֵټͣ˻ݲܹߣǱǲͬġ
Թŵ֮Ѵ⣬֦ο͸ⱳԭ򣬵Ϊ̫ӵӭZȴܴĦ֡
⻰ȻӭZµˡ
վܹ֮λǵճӡҡҡͷ
֦βվΪȥӵλá
ֻµĻһ˼˵ԺҪλһλ˷ˣǾû취ˡ
֦Ƥһƺ׽ʲôȴû취ץס
ʣվΪ˵ز𣿡
仰̫ͻǰ뵽һ׮£̾һ
֦վûнʳڡ
ҲЩˣ֦ϢҴȥӸ

ӸվȻҲӵ˻ϵĿͣսҪġ
ͬʱҲ˹֦ε鱨
ȷվֱߵĲ豭һڡ
ǡ֦εȷϷ˵ŮӴ
վȥ֦ε
Ĳǡ
վ²豭ְѸսӵͷһ
ԥƬ̣ſҪվֽؿڣүɻ֮¡
ͶһºɡվЦЦǸλã֦Ҫȥ
ӵͷûлش
ػϳ֮׼ˣվеѾֽм
һѱסӵ
°վ쳯ȥ
ºʮ֮Ҫ뿪ǣػϳǡ
Ҳ֪Ƿӡ
лҪ˵ллСʹǣ


 13 

գ´֦վס
̫ӭZѵӸС
Ǵ֦Ϥһδľס˵ºվҪػϳǣ֦λҪڴ˴סա
˵ǰ֦һӸɣ²֪֦Ӹ顣
ʱº֦βߣվӭZ˺档
µʣ֦ʶصͷ
֦޷վϵı飬֪ؽִȻػһ䡣
һ
ϣشһЦ
Ҳ֪վ졣
ȷӦ֦ηԼʵ˵ʵ
վ죬̫˲ŻŲԡ
뵽Լַڱᱻվ쿴ǣסµ֣첽ǰȥ
Ӹôˡһֱû˵ӭZͻȻһ䡣
֦ŷѾӸǰ߾һȦ
𣿡ӭZѯʣֻ¡
һ㡣³֦ЦЦ֦ȥ¥Σ
áԸε̴֦Ӧ
˶ûдС˺Ѿߣ֦ʱҲһȥ档
Ȼʱǡ
½㣬̫Ӵʲôʱɻ飿Էʱ֦һ䡣
Ĵ죬ҪΪǷɥһꡣµͻȻ
֦ſڣȴ֪˵ʲô
һֱڷ
վ쿪ڴεա
⣬̫ӳɻҲʮֿġ
֦뿴һ˵⻰վһϵı飬һ̧ͷĿԡ
пԼǱ
ӡ֦θ˵ʲôȻϵͳѣվĺڻֵΪ85%
һǼʱ15%
֦һ˿ңӣͼԼĴڸУͬʱ͡
վΪͻȻ˱仯Ϊǵֱἰ
ǰҲһףǵġƺûиоվĲԾ
֦վȻ֦ΣеĳƺҲ֮ǰЩֻ֦Īо˺⣬ǾҪˣеôԶƺЩס
һԵҲͬĵ˵ͷ֦һֱӵȷǴٽ顣
֦סӵֶ˶ԡԽ
šվؼһõ֣Ž֦ε
Ȼһٷսľ֦εﻹǿõ֡
֦ǲϲõֵζԽΪġ¼֦һڶûжõ֣Щȡ
еԲ¡֦벻վڻԭθҲòѣſڳԷҲࡣ
ӭZ˵账ȻҲǸ뿪
֮ǰ¶֦ζһ䣺Ҫúᡣ
⻰֦㶣ԭڸԼվ쵥ദĻᡣ
Ҫǰ֦βºվֻǵĹϵЩΡ
߰ɡվϹһЦݡ
ȥĶ֦αҫ۵ıۣվץסֶûеһʱ
ʱѾˡ
ȥ֡վǣ֦ε֣ķȥ
֦βɵøվĽŲǰ
վֻԹԵشǰߣû˵
ԽǸ֮ǰôˣ֦֮ǰǫܵ¡
ţվͶһɻĿ⣬֦οĲա
£ȫй˵ĺۼ
͸һұС
֦ӡվһº͵Ըĳڵԡ
һµվ죬ɢԼĿı鵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮ʮջС
֦δؿվ죬û˵һ仰
ʶվ
֦վ̾˿ָյģְ˰ŵ֡
֦ÿŵ۾·ոһ˲Ĵ
ޣ֮ǰ˵Ļӡ֦˵Ŵӻͳһҩ࣬ϵѾˡ
֦Ҫ֣ҩŻػʱվȴ˵˾䣺Ұɡ
ӹҩ࣬ע֦ε۾ЦЦлл
֦εرͨ졣
ʱվſס֦ε֣첽һ̯ӡ
վȥ֦鲻Խظȥ
ĳվطƺЩ졣
֦ڼѰһ£̯ӵ̯Ǿˡ
ΩΩФζʮֿɿڡ
ǵ̯Ѿܾûпҵˣû뵽쾹¿š
֦οվڸ̯˵ܷһ˶ԣҺӵģ
վָָԵ֦Ρ
˵ǸЦЦ֦ҸƼֿ̯ˣ͸˹
ȥڽͻȻɿԭ
֦ص˵ͷ
Ϊҩл񡣡վ콫˵ݸ֦ΣԼӹ֦εһڡ
𡣡վ̯һӣԶԶԭļ۸
֦Լһģһˣһ΢ĸо
°벿֡
·Ĳˡ
ôˣվ쿴֦Σﻹˡ
ûʲô֦βֱ
תͷ̯ܸܲһֽ
վװֽµͼ
ȥ½㿴֦γһ޹Цݡ
ʵõվ˵棬¹ɬ
ţҲáվҲҪһֽ
ˣϳʲôĵط£֦ηķ
վʱҲͦȤġ
ϳǰվϵЦûȥ֦ûȥ߽𣿻ϳǾǱ߽һСǣĳû̫𡣡
֦ҡͷı飬վıδ䣬˵ȴһ˿롣
Ȼϳǲ£ȥ·˵ʲôء
㱣Ұ֦νһ䡣
˵֦ξ⻰ܣֲҵ˼ǣȻҳΪԽ͵ñ֤ҵİȫɣ
վüûзϣȴҲûеͷ
ɫǸûȥˡ
֦ʶվһʱ֮졣
վ콫֦͵ةฮſڲȥ
ֱ֦εӰʧسŻؼҵķߡ
үϢس
վûлͷֻǽװ˵ĴӸ˰
֪⣬ѯʰİӡ
汿ү˼ƷվƷҲͬһˡӿԼҲĵܵܡ
үΪҪֹ֮ǰĶԻǷھ֦ȥϳϻᷢ⡣
˵ΪֹͻȻ˶ѡҲ²͸վ˼
վ콫˵ĶԻڶУȴʼδһʡ

֦λδ̤䣬֦㼱Ҵҵ߹ȥ
֦һ侲֦εһμ¶żı顣
ʱĻе
ڻֵﵽ50%
һɲ֦ȴĪֻ
ϵͳɲĵԶΪ
֦һ£ذĽվ죬ԼܹΪ
лҪ˵ǹ£ҲзʣǣȻҪ߾quq


 14 

֦λṳ̂ʱʱĳ
߽һ޵滨꣬һӡ
δ˲١
֦γֵһ̣۾ͻȻ
֦οȴʲôס
ΪةţһԵϷ˿֦ʱ¶Цݡ
ָ֦Եӵ
ʱڿͻȻס֦ε֣࿵֦ҽһҺòá
֦βؿةֻ࣬Ƶ̾һ
ӲӦ˭ûá
Ҳϲֻ֦Ϊϴͻˡ𼱲͵طһ䡣
֦ƳһۣǰѾվɻ֮¡
ةȥվ뷨
վϲϲԼ֮£ܣο޸վҲʲôý֡
ˣ֦أƵĳϷ˻￿˿
ŴֽóվˣҽԽȥ˽֣ҵˣĸ㿴Խ
ȻԽʱˡ
֦óĶʱӣͬʱֹͣ˿
ةȻ֦εĴ˾˼ŵҲˣԽ֦ΪģЩǿġ
⻰ҧҧĿͶ֦Σͬڿһݡ
֦ȰȰӡ
֦ξ˼ά֣վ˶ϴӦ£ʱкá
ҡҡͷί˵Խ˾Ҳܸ档
ش¶һŵı飬ֻ˶ţ˳ȥ
֦뿪ӣӲûŹֵľٶϵͳʾڻֵ50%кϵ
ʱϷ֦ε֣֦Խ㻹Ҳͷˡ
˵꣬Ϸ˴ӻͳһ֦εϡ
ﻹ߶ţԽȥ˻ϳ֮Ҳ˻ĸϣ⴮ܱƽ˳졣Ժ˺ӣҲǵҪҿ
֦ιɵصͷȴ¿޷ĸˡ
ط·ϣ֦ʽΪһʼŻŵġ
ȻԼйأķ֦һɻ
ССĵĻش֦θã
巢֦ζŮ鰮֮¹Ȼһϲͨ˶񣬾Сһѡ
С㰮ĽѾãҾưոݡ
֦ξ⻰е
Ȼةȥվ̬ȣ֦վܾʱĪһ
үĴǸֶεġ建ڣС㡭
֦ȴвһĿ
ةĶԹ޸оҲλá
ĸһʼֻǸͨѾߣַ˼޹ʱûͬ
Ǻةַ˻ʱץס˻õةĳң
ԻǵʱةȻǸøףδǸɷ
βعʱæ㣬Ϊȥѯվ
֦ȻЩ£ȴҲ޷ܵġ
ɲԸ˹ֻǺվڽҲС
ϾǸִˣֱ֦׳˵Լվûκιϵ

ϵ˯ǰʱ䣬֦ճϵͳ졣
һ󵨵Ĳ롣֦μϵͳԼӻվȢҿ϶Ϊҳǣ˵ǵĸ黹ǳ
㿴ܽܺ߷òƵңҲȢ𡣡
šϵͳЩˡ
԰ֻҪվǣյϣŹºӭZֲͽԴϲ𣿡֦дʣԽ˵ԽԼ뷨ԡ
ɻ˸¡Ҳ֪վǵİֹܲܵƫ֦⼬ֵĹŴ
㻹ҪȵһڻֵͻȻ⡣ϵͳˡСĴ̼֦ε˫һӾͻعˡ
ϵͳⷬڱ֦̽ͷ
´μվʱ˵˼ܾһ˵һ
վǷᱣʱվδش𣬵վ˽⣬һ¶ǸʱӦǿ϶ڷ񶨵ġ
˼ǻĴڵİɣ
뵽֦ϲرסӣڴϹ˹˿ϵͳʾ
ָտɴ˵¸¾ܻصʵ硣
뷨֦ν硣
Զķﻹ͵ơ
ﺮӣǻŲͬЦ
ֽȼŻֽɣ۵һ˿ԥҲڴʱš
λãҵġ

峿֦Ӹ
ȻվԼǣ֦ξóΪǵɡ
ٵһյĲվ졣
δݣ˳ȥվ졣
վ컹δʽףпɼ档
֦ϲЩȽڡ
Խ𣿡֦·ҵվķ䣬ţﻹŴӴ¥͡
ڵİһнŲӽó˲ŵذףȻ֦εʱվʾð¡

֦ƿſΣվ졣
Խô磿îʱչ֦αųվ컹δͻȻϮ˵ľ̬
֪ǲĴܾδվһ˵Ĺ죬Ǻڻǰס
ţ֦վЦЦҲ簡
Ҫϵͳʾվһ̵ĺڻֵΪ80%֦ҪһɵЦݸԻ
֦ζ˶񣬱ܿվ
Դֺõذʳзϣ·ȥ˴¥ϲԵġ
⻰вףֲ֦һ䣬½ϲá
šվɢɨϵӣ˵ͷһ԰ɡ
䣬֦ε͵͵վʱȻûκαʾ
֦ȳסеľʿӣǰ˱ҧһӡӡ
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վûлػ
ӣ֦ҧҧ
վûͣ¼в˵Ķ
վ죡鼱֮£֦ξȫ
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֦αⷹǷζһȴʲ֮¡
˵ɲδ֦˵ľӣվͶסĿڡ
ֹδܵҲ̫˰ɡϵİĵظڰӶ˵
ɲķȫүĿζҲԹһ䡣
֦ûվĶ޷˵ĶԻ
վвǵŭ⡣
֦ΣλҿûҪ
˵֮ǰ˺ҵĻ°ɣ֦ξվЩأ¶ʱί
ֹ˼Ҫˡ
棡棡վڻֵ90%δվ˵껰֦εľ
֪ù֦λʶס˶䣬һұ죡
վһ㶣֪֦ںͱ˵ֻסڡ
ʱϵͳҲͣ
ڻֵ80%ٽ

 15 

֦λԼѿڶĲ֮ʣ޲ýͷ
ⴺ¥ĳ治֦ν֮໹ϸĴ⣬ֹһ䣬ᡣ
š
֦οվĺᶯ˶׻ûոյĻ⣬һ
ӡվʵٷŭǫŴ̩Ȼ
뵽⣬֦͵͵վ졣
ⲻһοʳֻǺվΪÿζ˹Ҳʧš
վɥĸδ̵һ˿һ
𾩳Ȧһ˵վǫݵǫھǻ꣬վ˵ᱻΪ̫ӡ
ԴǶʱ䣬̫ӭZվЩ֮վͽƽӹ
ʱ֦εصȴǰ仰վ͵ϢھǣһӼ̳ӵݡ
֦οĽǶ棬־ûʳӣԵ뷨
ڿվھԱʵףȥԼ
ţ֦ζʱԭվйϾǸ˶̲ס
˵ԻΪվԲ˸ɵ֦ãʱ˻Դһվš
ԽԵ㡣
վĺڵ֦ͣƬ̣ոı仯ӡУ֮ӣ˳ζ
е𡣡

֦̫磬ûдѾ߾Ӹ
ʵΪ֦βϰ˸š
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ǵȻվԼǣȻһ͵飬ѭ򽥽վʶǲò
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60%
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ھҪ޸վ죬ӦҲֵ̫ľٶɣ
֦εֻţվȻҲĺ
¡վ֦һ˲ǰ˵ĺڻֵ߳˺üʮ
δţ֦ξѾฮͷܶ
ǡѸ֦һ㶡
šվ۹ɨŵİֻ˵ͷ
֦һ߽ͷة˶ǶվţΨһŵӣǫƵ֦š
ֻϸ֮£˸˵ĸоǫ׺
ǶҶˣ̫ӭZ˵αװ˳Ц滢
ҲΪշǫ˵Ϊ
֦Ӧû˿ϵ
½㣬ʲô£֦ĵߵµԣһ䡣
δһԵȻҲ֪𣿡
֦ʶҲУԲԴվ̤غûգ
Ҷע⵽֦κվǣŵ֣˼һ£µ֦εݡ
λؾδ˰ɡҶǲ죬Ҳӷе֪֦εĶ֮
ҶվֱҶúղ豭һ٣ܿ͵˹
ʮ塣ҶһǳЦ
ձ˵վȷƵһ壬ֻЩƺˡ
̫ӭZҲԱƺվ졣
Ҳ֦״˹ؾصؽվ塣
ҶϽ壬ȴûκҪ˼
αӣĻһȫҶǺˡ
֦һ䡣
ԣվӭZҲǼҵˡ
ǾųվӭZ
֦ζԼվס֣վڻǰҰˡ
ţ˺¡վ͵Цݣ̸ۼһһʡ
鰸ҶȴҲǸƲ磬֮Ǵվ޹ء
վ΢΢ü˲뵽֮ǰ͹ʦĶԻ
һԵ֦θܲ˼İӿ
վԣ·š
֦μߵֱڸ𲻶Ծ
ո޹ʹ֦βûзϣ֦һֱЦЦﻹ֦δδϼ
ջ޵óˣգۼͱ⸱ģ֦θеһ˿ֻš
²ģ޷Լı˰ɡ
£ҵˡ֦˼ƮʱͻȻһ
ͬʱƵģϵЦӯӯ˳ü
ֻͨع
£ҪΪŮԻҩϽĶҩ                        
лҪ˵ȻͲŶ


 16 

𱾾СұͣͶɢĽ߼ӵı⸱˰ģҶЩݡ
߹ȥֲ
֦λΪ䲻ıݹƣǺһϸڣվȴһĻС
Ǻǫһĸֵͬܣɫֱǿ˹ֻǫαװˡ
վȴɹǸЦݡ
ڱίͬʱҲƳҶһۡ
ΪŮǵһμӣԱվ͵ĮҶ˾پԵ࣬һ˫һﻹӡԼӡ
ŶԼòţЩ˲£ɫϻ׹ݵġ
һʱ֮һ⣬̫³çϲò
οͳ֦׾ٹ⿿һܵõĶҲҪ֦γԳԿͷ
ֻԼҲòλ
˳ҶĲ۽ּᣬЩô˯þ𾩳ǽ£뵽ϽԻҩ
˶٣ĿͶ֦Σ֦ͬԺ
ʱ֦գգĴ۾
ȻԻҩȷµģûҲܵţǽ֮кιϵ
ԣʲôˣ
Ҳ뿪粻һ£׻ǴЩϢ
뵱꣬ºӭZˣķ紵ݶָơ
𿴵ʱ֦ϵ޹º
ȴûзκ𣿡
ԣ֦һǳԼġ
ǵԻҩѾɾ𲻿֪µҩ
ѲҲһ̽ӻԻҩĲõԺǽǷֵġ
õԺǹԺӣҲ֦סĵط
վ֦ΣĿؿ뿿Ҷڣһ
̫ڲ飬ǷԽˡ
ֲһ࣬δκνչʱЭҶ࣬һֱûзſ
⣬֦ĺͿתͷĿѯվ죬ȴһڡ
Ҳ£·վ컺ڣ˿Ҷµˡ
˭Ҷһʼͳһ塣
ϣվ֦ξߣֻøϣһȺ˺ƺƵسõԺķƶ

õԺ
̲˽е̫ҽ
ԻҩڹԼֵһģһ

֦ξչڶ졣
̫ûκϵϽΪʲôҪü
̫ʣ֦κˡ
ճСС㣬Сǰéλѡ
ԭҲ̫ӣû뵽Ϣմʽʥּû£˱ˣҴϽйء
ڴ·֮ǰվձɱ
ҲǶϽ˵ĵɿǵԭ֮һ
ȲδȢףֹر߽Ļճӡ
֦еĹϵ
ʵ޹أֻǡڴʱ˴Ķ
Ȼɺϣ֦ܾûô򵥡
½㣬ȴҴԺӰɡﻹſǻ
˶٣֦ûзκ𣿡
ڶ׳ͬ⡣
֦΢ţＷ֣һ˯ñȽ
¡ͻȻ֮䣬һѾװŮײײس˹˹
ʲôˣҶٵذγ˵
ū澡ūԺѾߣҡհ֦Сֵҩ
ȥ顣Ҷ
֦ɫһ䣬֪ԻҩϽĲǾԲʹõġ
ǵԻҩվϵ
ҲΪԭŷĴ󵨵ʹã˭֪ץ˰ѱ
֦ϵͳᵽģΪǱģЩ߿ܵŽϵͳҲ޷Ԥ֪ںܶʱϵͳж¾
ʱǫҲûͬһԺյݣڵƣһϽϹϵɡ
֦սսؿҶɳȥӰʵϵͳҧԾٶ𣿡
һ˵֦һ߿˿ģվ޳ָ
Һվ컹ûɻ飬ûе˼ҵ£ȻԻº⡣
֦һͷûϸͱϵͳϡ
ôɥ
ܲɥ֤֤ڣͲˣ
վȡ仰ϵͳһ˵ˡ
ƽʱ֦һᷴϵͳ⡣
ֻΣ֦Ҳ˲̫࣬һƬңؿһԵվ죬ȵ顣
վĿԣĪһصʱɿס֡
֦ΪվǱʾԹ۵˼ʱȴߵǰ
֪֪Իҩģɫ䣬̫ҽҪʶ𡣡
ǣƵڽȴһ˿¶ȣҶȵĻо˲ࡣ
οҶ⣺Ҳ˵ĵж֮£Ӷ֪Իҩǰڵ֢״
΢紵վۣ֦˳ŷ飬վ쾹ڴ˿̼Цݡ
ҶվڼЦĻش԰
ҶҲ¶ζЦݣ˵͹ȥֶС㳤üƣʵֶС㲢κѪԵϵɣ
վĵصġ
֦ϽˣҲֶܽСԭˣϾϽ˼αװ
Ҷֱ֦εȫ̲ס˶
˵˼˴򽻵һ뻹һͱ˸ֲ²ԷʵĿġ
Ȼվ֪Ҷµġ
Ϊǫﱦӣǻ˲˼
ͻȻս֦ε³һ֦㿴˶鷳
ҶǷվܵĿ֦θ𺳡
վͦǱӡ֦εһֻ˵Ȼ˼˽ʮ꣬Ϊʲô˿Գô
Ҫǰ֪վδɥĲԼᰮ
Ҫά֦ˣҶ۾ҲټάϵЦݡ
ͬĻǫվҶ֪վ˱ֳĸɲ⡣
ⲢҶվͷվһֻΪϽ״ԽΣҪ
֦ǻմ͵ģҶ˼ǻϿˣվȴؾᣬֱӰ˻ϡ
֦οҶɫһ䣬תͷ˴ͷβ϶Цվ졣
վûڻҲԶǸЦˡ
ϵͳ˵öԣڿʼվĴһü
ֻǲ֪վô֤⡣
ǡڴ˿̣Ҷ˰ҩ̵ƹ˻
˵һ̣֦ﺰ˾군
ǵǼֻһֲֲǡǡԻҩҪĳɷ֡
λȷҼҩ̣ǡ
лҪ˵дʹ Ϳ
ֻܲ賿ѧ
Ļһ£ģ


 17 

λȷҼҩ̣˺۵ҩࡣ
Լĺ룬ݵػش
ģ˵˿Ŷȣ𰸵Ҷһ㶡
ҶٵطӦɨһ۷ŸܵѾߣʣҩ𣿡
ſڵɪɪѾ߱ҶĿעţʶػ˾䣬ū澡ǵˡ
ûõĶ
һ䣬ֳ֦εҩأ֦ɷóҼŰ֦⼸ղδܹκˡ
Դҩֺ֦ϵһֱ˸Ρ
Ȼʱ֦ȴǣվаһΡ
ҩҪ͸վġ
Ϊֻǵҩǵֲ£֦ξԭܼ򵥡
֦βǸֲǡɿԺҩںһƣ֪Իҩ//ȻҲֲͨ
֦ޱȸмʱվĹذ
ҩ࡭
ҩȻǸҡվӹ֦εĻͬʱӻͳһɵСӣŵļС־Ǵ˼ӵ
ܵˣվϴź¶ȵЦλҲ˵˰ɡ
촽׻û˵һ֡
һĬ֮ةߵҶǰ
£֦ĸ׺òϻŮ⼸Т˳ҿƷԣϽˡ
ǰҲŰ֦Ҳ
⻰֦鲻Խصͷ
ʱ׺͵սҲԴǡ
̬ķչԤڣҶһߡ
±֦βС˰ѱҶҪ뿪ʱ鲻Խһ
е˲׷ߡ
ȵȡվة¸뿪ߵ֦ߣְס
֦סԺӣδƲ
廹кָ̣Ҷ޶˵ظоһ⣬ڸֵ̫ҵʱ
ڮٰ֦£ҶǷø˵վ쿴Ҷ߲ĳϾ֦ݣҲǻϸġ
Ҷû뵽վƫ̻֦Ρ
Ҫ֪վĸ׾Ͻ֣֮Ϊ֦θϽ˳ϵվԻ߳ŭ
ͻˡ˵ţҶ鲻Ը˸
֦οҶǫûס˸ۡ
Ҷͷ΢΢ֻ̧ѹûǸ⡣
֦βһ񣬸ܲ
ȴ֦αͿǫСƣҶ治׸硣
֦ҡҡվ֣һƲ죬Խ˵ñ׼𣿡
վЦ
֦ǵõ˴𰸣һõ΢ЦҶԭһء
˶٣ֵΪҺ㲻һ
С֪ڣҴдηŹ㡣

Ҷ뿪֦αʾ֡
ֵ֬վϵã־𣬶һ
֦ԣء
֦ע⵽ֱվС
վĪǸ񱡣
뵽⣬֦Լ֣ȴΪվǯƶá
Խץҵ֣ô֬ѽ֦һ䡣
Ұ㡣
ץ֣Ƕֻճһֻ֣ҡ
֦һûס˸ۡ
վǸ֪ͼˡ
ˣ֦һҪǸ
վ˳ָķȥֻüͷ
ÿ

ɫ̫أÿ
ǡǱǸ
ģҲÿ
ĸÿվκٺõƢ֦Ҳ̲ȥˡ
ÿվĿ֦ͣεϣ֦ͺܺá
վĻ֦һ㶡
˶Ҳִ̫ˡ
ȻǣܾЩڡ
˵վϲǣֻܲΪĳɣ
ڻǴͻױˡվֲһ䡣
Ŷ֦λԭվⷬɫģҲտأû͵˵ͷ
ع񣬡ͻ磿
ǵǴ⻯˸ŨױʹԭЩƫ
Ǵվ䵭ɾΪڸò
Իҩһ¸ʾڵΣҪǽվڳȻա
˸ûְյ£
վ̹ԼǹȻܰ񣬾ʱԻҩʱһͼ߽ݾȫ
ûʮİվվϲǵҲ֪
һʧܣҲԼеӦĺ
֮ǰ˵վָ֮·ǰδ˵Ļ
վı֦ԼԼʵ⡣
ǡ
֦װƣӣ˸ǷվĻ
еˣԽǻȥɺòá
վ춢֦ʪ۾ûȥ
ãȥɡ
صվбϣһһµôӡ
ǰվŵĺȻǽճةฮҩƹ
Ȼ֪Իҩ䷽վЦЦ֪ˣ°ɡ
ǰڷǱߵ˴뷽ͨš
ǰ֪ǵĹƣһõλãһǡöԭ֦Ρ
ֻһϷѣû뵽ջ
үֹվЦЦ鿴ڰӵУĬĬΪ֦˰亹
֦ͦȤģҿšվֹͣӵĶ𡣡
ȻҶҾͰһѡ
ֻҲ֪ܲܳܵסҶǫڶԴ/棬һ޵ơ

ϵͳҾʵϲվ졣֦˼һ£Ͷ֮Ļ
ͨգ²Ҫֻλá
԰ҲǺǵ֣ΪǸͲܳΪ
֦α𻹴һ˿ɣʱͷ
Ե˭ǣڱ֦̲ס߱ӣϵͳͲܸĸƶ𣿡
ܡ˵ԭܵõϵͳػص
˼һ⿩֦βĵһ飬Ҫôôѡ
δһĪչվĺڻֵһֱ80%ǻ԰ϵͳĽϡ
ǵġϵͳ˶٣ҪĻβǿ񣿡
񲢲Ǹ
ʵϣڽĵϵͳ֦ο˽ʸ
Ȼ֦λصʵҪǱȫ
Ҫ޸е©
ǵʱ֦ҲʹϵͳǷṩĽָΪʱΨһָĺøж̫ߡ
ϵͳĻش֦οͨȡֻӦһȷҪ񣬾ͱȫ뿪硣
֦Ȼǲϵġ
˵˵Ϊ֦ξջԽҪĴҲԽ
֦һιϵؾܾˣڶξܾ
վйأȷҪܾ𣿡
лҪ˵ֻܲ賿ʮѧ
дquqһǻ


 18 

վйأȷҪܾ𣿡
վ֣֦κͣ˽űߵĶ촹ϵıӣС˯ʱ߱ӵϰߡ
Ҿ񡣡ϵͳ߶߶֦ȴʼǰ״αἰǶʱ䡣
һ꣬ΪվĹϵһ²״̬
еվǴ꣬˼֦꣬δֻԼʮꡣ
ֻޱȼᶨΪصʵ磬һеͷһΡ
ΪºӭZһһУ顢ʱ
ϵͳ͸֪ıҪŮ˳ɻ顣
֦δеʱֻ꣬Ҳ˵ҪҪдꡣ
Ҳһʼ޷趨ԭ򣬰ĹĿȫǡʧңصʵѲǸԼ
ϵͳ˵뿪ᾡеļ䣬Ϊкʵٲͬ˶ȥʵʮꡣ
ڱǵĵ꣬Ѿ϶վ·ϰ
ʮվ쿪ʼո¶ž޵һ棬ǹ̫ӭZķͷ
пʵվϰȴΨһС
ϲ£ԵȻҲ˻ӭZ
죬ø׵ͬ⣬Źһ䣬ة鷿
Խʫ治⣬ǾةĿޡ
ƿţϤףվӭZ
ȥ档һµƹˣةߣǡ鵽վƷ
֮ԳվʫΪƷΪСëֵվ±׵۷
վΪµĻҲǷѾ˼
սһֺ֣ĬĬ̾
ȥɡةǵͷ
õɣǲͣȾߡ
̫ӵʫĻЩζߺةĵ
šվ쿴̰ܽص˵ͷĮʼնûб
ԽԼȥһ𣿡ة鷿뿪ӭZ˳վ֮Ĵ㡣
վҪͷƳ֮ңԼ¶ɫ½ǡ
ˣһбİš
ԣӭZԴضվϵı飬ɢкΰš
ȻվһӭZҲ
Ǻãټ
֮վĵǿ
ǡ
Ļ䲻ػͷ
վ죡ˣһòװѾߺҶΪԼֱ͵ˣҸʲô
վ쳯ǵѰȥӭZӰ
ʲôԼû쵽һ˿ŭΪʲôҩˣ
ŷվĸЩ
㿪ʼֲһʼûϳ˵ҲͰûм棬ĳɳ仯Ǿˡ
ǳ̧ͷܺһϮīµվӣ֪ѾԼһͷ
㴩ɫ··ĿԵװͰ͵ġ
ʲôվ쿴ǵСһһϣȴʼձ̸ܶʧԭǲҲЩԡ
ѽ챻ܷˣ˵֮£ѿڶһ֡
ܷվظһ飬ǹѧʿĵճŮôˣ
ܷµ£ֶǱڴĵճŮ˻᳣һȽϡ
ܷޥģһֺ٣ׯڼʦĽ̵ҲƵС
վܷǲκϵΪӭZ
ǰǣͻȻСڵӣԾȭͷ
ٴ֦ҶˣҲ޿ɱػں˵Ŀ
ٶŬҲӭZȼ硣
ܷȷΪӭZʵȴվ뷨ۡ
ܷƵؽӴӭZȴûκλӦʱֻЦЦܷʵ̫߳Ӷ۷
شǣ޲µпװӭZ
ºӭZᣬ±٣ͼӭZ֪ûһͱվˡ
۵ϴԶ׼ǳ̫ӵȥʲô
Ҳ֪վŤͷ
ƭˣոҪҪһȥأȥץվ䡣
˻ңվͼǵĶʱ岻ؽһ˲ԥǳɹ·
˳ؽվļ¶¡
ûȷһɨվֱֵۣѾˡ
ڻشΪûԭ
ţ̫ӺȥˡվԾرᡣ
ޣȥ֡ȻӭZȥܷҲûҪȥ˵ǣվ֡
ܷҪ໨ʱվ鷳ϡ
˵⻰ʱƤĿǣͷϵ˫ڷҡΣշɫѣÿɰ˲ľܾ
վ߱Լͣиã˳ĻҲһ͡
԰ҵáֻ⻰ı˼ͣƬ̣һο΢Цվ졣
벻ؿվɫʮѿ
Ҫվ˶٣ŵǣһЦݣһ㶼Ҫˡ
⻰˵˺
ΪͷҪͲҪ
ҪǺ«𣿡ɵĶվԾغˡ
֪ϲʳةȴ
ҪҪҪ
ԸԳذһǺ«ָֻƽյЦݣлһ䣬վ죬á
ƭ
վţȴɫ
лң´˵Ļٸҩͺˡ
⻰㶣»ǰԤ֪
ֻǳϵǣûգµĿе֪վ쾹ˡ
½㣬ȥվҩɡڱͼ֤û˵ȴڸǲסŨŨı
㲡ˣúúϢҴҴӣڵʵڲĵĻȥ
УҪȥӡ
ҹͻȻ£˯ŵʱδо⣬ֱѱ´˻Ƹʱ֪Լðˡ
ǣȥԽѲȾô죿ҡҡͷҲվҩ͵ģֻ⣬ݲԡ
ǡúҶȥǲվκλ¶Ҫչҡ
úúáõֻӦ¡
Һⲡÿ죬ȥҲ죬գȬ
ȻҶȥվҩ֮ǰӦվ£ȥӸվ˿ڡ
վ죬ˡǸҪƿվķš
ȥȻشȴվ첻飬˵Įľܾ
лҪ˵ȡ賿֮ǰһȻѧ


 19 

ҶȳȥǶߵĺҶԸ
Ҷ˵վ̬ȲرãҾܾúҶҩ
վĽŲͷҲû̧ظһ飬ȥ
ףǺҶԭ
ûͣƶĲأվĶ¡
ˣվЦһ˵Ļ
ѱĲˮڨڨһ䣬
һһȥ̽վֱ۵λá
˭֪վ춯ûͶ˹ȥ
ǲĵ˫֣վһƫЩȻܹǵħצ
ô£ƽʱһץץ
δϸ룬ͿʺɫҺվӻ˳
ŰɫۣѪ۲ɼٶ壬䵽ѩϣ׺һĺ컨ǵ˫ۡ
ô°ǸҩôѪŵͷؾͷһʡ
ӦҪҩġվ˸˿ںԼѪڿٵʧ԰׵ȴʾڵ״̬ܲ
ҶȥȡϸͲҩǳ⺰
վ죬͵ǰˡ
Ϊ˶Ĳվ˵⻰ʱŲ
ʲôѽΪ˯߱ˡû뵽һصվȡ֣ȥ½㣬Ǽնչҡ
վԵĻɡ
ҲҩҲ뽫Ⱦ㡣Ǻظվ콲ʵڲȥҵܲƭɣ
ֱֱضվ˫Ĵվһ
ǰֲΪĿĲֶΣòܻ
ˣҰҶǿٵؽӹҩģʼΪվҩ
Ҷȥݲ衣վ
ǡ
Ҷִӷ뿪վŽַϣǰڲ
ƿһ̣ʵһ
ֱһ˿ڣһªţ˿ڵĸԼԼŵڲµϸСۼ
վǰܵˣ˿ӦѪǫƽʱֵ粻̫һ
ǿ˵ѪȻ棬˲ץҩϸͿʼվ
𣿡ʡ
վ治ɫضǵĶȻ³һ֣ۡ
˶٣ԺҪҩ
仰ǵġ´˼ǵҪԼҩߡ
ðɣǲ˵㡣
վڻǸʮĺӵķϣʮǾƽϡ
ôǵƲӡȻվҪǸιʱбҪƽһ¡
šվûзϡ
Լ԰ΪԸƣǿĲȣȴûͣзĿӡ
⸱һ˻һЩױ˷纮
ۡվ΢΢ۣһ˿
ǼվⲡӲӲ
úúãι㡣
Ľһٷ˱ƽʱҪʱ䣬Ƿվʳ˲١
ҪΪιʲôվͳʲô
վùԣһúӡ
ǿϸϸ׽ģ̲ס̾
ҹĻʹǹҵʱվǣ
šվ콫ฮȴûлӦĵ
ĺɫӳ£ûпվ⡣
ϵͳ

ϣԺϵͳۣ硣
˯һǳҽȥһӸ֧˯ø
˯Уʶؽߡ
˯ô֡ڰУһأ
վ콫ǵıӸǺãֻҪȷûƭ
վ졭֮˵ૣվ˶٣ɫȴû¶κ֮顣
̫úƭˣԲΪδʱĻѡ
ƫͷǣûۡ
ԭ˵λ
վ쿴д˸ϵĽᡣ
ʱȤζش˸ᣬ˵վ쿴Ϊ͡
վ죬ϲ½㡣˵һ飬վĻ
㻻ϲòáͲôˡ
εվڶףԼһ߽ʱſǻ
֪߶˾ڴߣ⻰˶С
á
ϵͳԶ⵽һվǺøжȴﵽ25%

֦ΣûΪһϵͳͻȻ
ǵϵͳʮڰ߰Ҳû׷ʡ
ǰδվǵĺøжȣ޷ʱվϢ
ʱϵͳἰվйʱһ
վҵĺøжǶ٣
ڵĽָǺڻֵϵͳܾش⡣
Ҫá
֦̣ŻصһǾܾ
ЦվڻֵѾˣͽա
ϵͳ֦εĴ𰸣Ҳûǿ

֦λƣ׼˯
ϵͳ
һҹΡ
ڶ֦ʱ㱼صʵ硣
Դÿ춼ָΪʱΡ
඼ǹվ죬Ȼһ˵еݣֻǵվֹ
վ߱£ֻ֪ǵκι̡
֦վ³ǰ˼Ϊ޹ɵΣڽĽ忴ڳļ·
С㣬Ҫȥׯ𣿡ʵ
Ҳáع֦ε˵ͷڹŴʱķʽ޷Ǿͼ֣ŮȻϲ·ġ
ʱվȻ֡
֦
ŵ֦Ϥһ
·û𣿡֦θҧһڰӣǺԼ
վһǳɫĳۣϻƵЦݡ
Сʱվϲɫ·Ǻʱʼıء
ȻҪȥׯվûлش֦ε⣬׳һ⡣
š֦Ϊǽ彫Ϣ
һɣǧڽǸЩ׼վ췢֦εľִ٣µ˱裬ֱߡ
֦˳ֶ裬һ
á
ǧڣʺôڶˡ
֪˻᲻ڳ
֦ţⲻ֪վҲڴǧڡ
ǧڣкȤء
շ²豭֦ûзվһ                        
лҪ˵ǣ㵹Ǹ˵˵ΪɶҹҴ
վ죺Ϊв
ǣ
ʵŮ֪ҹߵ
ϵͳ⵽ĺøֵ 
ϵͳʾʱŮ˯ Ļʽ
ԵŮڻûֹ Ժ᲻ᷢ־Ͳһˣ
һѳ֣һ¿ʼ

 20 

ȵȡ֦һҪ⣬ڵҪʲôݳϯǧڡ
Ļ䣬һʱ֮仹ɫС
ʵǴ󰲵ǧڣֻм˵ĹŮǲܲμӡ
ţվΪ֦ηؿʼ仯
Ҫʲôݲμǧأ
֦ε૵վ̫Ѩѹ˸ո
֦ǾҪɻˡһ˿Ρ
֪֦ζ˶٣ǻûгɻ顣
ڵСĽܿվҲǰ취
Ƿɾͺˡ
ͷһ˲䣬֦Լһ
Ϊʲôվ챧
ҲΨһվ֦ΣƶĿóϯ
ѵ֪ȥ𣿡վֲһ䡣
վ·֦ܶε仰ȥǧڵԭ
ô֪йء
֦ϵԥͻվĻȣҲ֪
֦ϵ˾֣վӡ
ǽ׵ʱԼᵽġ
ôһ¡
֦εͻȻ
ãһȥǧڡ
С㣬Ѿˡ뿪ֻĽŷվҲڷү
Ȳˮô٣ǸԹɫˣ֪Щض˵
״վҪͬȥˡ
ҲԼСδ๫ദ
ۼûбֳȣ֦θ϶վǴӽ崦֪г̡
ǲøˡ֦İ˰֣ĳ£ֵˣҲˡ
ȻСǲҪ˵ķ
֦αͲ̫ϲѾ߸ţմʱûбֳΪฮҪ֡
ڣһԲδ̬վ졣
ţŲΪվߺܰȫ

ô֦κվҪȥĲׯ˵ԶԶлǵûϴԼʱ䡣
վʣ֦ͷ˸ڡ
̫ˣ·ãǿ塣
վĿɨ֦ر
վǼġ
һ㶼뱩¶£Ծֻѡ
ãվ춼δڡ
ӵϵͳûдվڻֵ仯ѶϢ֦β²ˡ
һ
ʲôɴһٵĽֵߵߺ˷һʱǹվѹ͵֦ûзӦ
¡
֡
ֹ֦û˵Ļ¶һЦݡ
Խҽһ⸽ĵطɣ벼ׯһ·̣Ϊĥʱ䣬֦̲סڡ
ϾվʶѾãһԲ·϶˵ʮֹһ¡
֦ʲô棿վȴûֱʵ
֦δһ˲Ҿú̫ƼȤĵ¡
ԣվ졣
֦Ϊվ첻شʱ𣬡ֵֵ̯Ĵ¥ֵĲ̣֬ԼĳܡȤ
Ȼ⻰֦ȴվ˵Щطǡǡϲȥļط
ϲĻǳվ
ǻΪСʱվ͵͵ȥ˻
ⲻɺϰɣ
һɺϡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
֦ʶظһ顣
ԡ
ôˣվ֦γĬһЦ
ԡ
֦͵̧ͷֻǵСʱվȥ벻ʲô¡
֦εļѣʵеĿѧҸĸΪ
ԽʱһеĻ䣬ʼնûзκζߡ
ֱղվᵽ
ѵص
Ϊרע˼֦ⲻúһԵվ졣
֦ˡվ˵
֦վ죬ã
ǵˡվĻ̧֦ͷһȻׯǰԶ
ҵصͷո¡
ʲô¡
šվûжʣ֦ȴϵͳ
ʱһõŮǰ
֦μϤһף˷ŭıδġ
ճСܷһŮĺӱ»Ἰ֡
һ̹ܷ˵ǻǵС鲽
ŵѾ߻ţС㣬αΪָǸӡ
ָ
֦ۣϾ˼վ־Ÿȥ
ù˼ȻǱȹܷٶȿ˲١
ܷһҿջʱŷٶȡ
֦
֦εͷһεץվ֣Ǽת졣
ȻϳϣҡǸո̫ˡ
֪վЦ紺㣬֦εĺ˼֡
ǡλСᵽָ֦β֪νͻȻΪ
ţ߰ɡվ쿴΢Ц֦ӴŽȥ𣿡
֦θͷ־ô⡣
Са취͵͵ؽȥ𣿡
վڵ֦οڣѸٵֽ̧ᱧ
վ죡⧲վ컳֦ʶغ֡
ңȥվԾ𣬲֦ξܾ
֦ûվṦ§Ļֻܵ
Ƭ̼վ͵¥ȵͣ£ȴֻ֦λţԸ¶
ر֦Σֱд΢
û𣿡
ˡվ֦վ۾ȴһֱ
֦δʱվ书Ҳ̫ˣȫûиֵܵ𵴣ֻ΢΢ҡΡ
лл֦β֪˵ʲôñмܲ
С㣬㡣վ쳭·ִ¥ͬʱŭĹܷ¥ϼ˹
֦Ӧֱվ챧˻
̫ˡվڽľٶ
˶λüˣֻ֦ܱվ챧ռ
֦ԾɾЩ졣
Ǳߡվ֦Ķȸղŵķ绹ϼ֡
һ룬עȴǰĻߡ
лҪ˵Ӧûһ£룩 ǰķ
Ȼ賿֮ǰٸһ£ûдʹ

 21 

ܷƿһ᷿ţ֦ڵĽǶܿϽӵһˡ
δ֦ο˵ĶǰرһƬڡ
վ죡۾ʲô
ѾµڽеĻϵ˭
ࡣվ첻ͷ
֦γŰǿ֣Ƭֻ̺ǰ˿
̾̾Ȼĵشָ۲쵽վרעضһ
վ治˼Լ鳤꣬ͲСӰôڹŴѾˡ
˭ѽʵڱŴ򿪵һ˲䣬֦ξѾµ˴𰸡
վ֤ʵĲ²⡣
͡վһ˿ЦҶ
Ҷ⵹ǳ֦ϵ֣ǰյ£ƺҲ֮С
ܷͻҶ
֦θͷѯվ죬վǡ뿿Ķͷ촽زվĲ
˽һ㶡
ˡܷ˵Ρ
վȻ£֦οһҶĻϻԼҶƸµĺۼ
֦ͻȻޱȰҲͼһ£ΪҶ˵ı֣ɢڵϵģǧٹֵġߡ
ЩǡǸʱõİɣ֦ʿˮ
šվ쳣·֪¡
û뵽ǣ𾹺ҶζͶ⵹֮顣
ûվ֦ѸֵԼǰ
ҲҲҲˣ
ȻǵĶԻȴһֲĶС
ܷȻҲЩľ˿֦Ρ
㡭ǾȻܷһʱ״Σַŭָŷڵˣȴ̲סز
гԵĳִ֦ҲԳܡ
Ҳô
֦վڶ𣬡𣿡
֦ζվ첨ԥشһ䣺ҪôңҾ͡Ҿͺ롣
Ӧ֦εȴվζЦݡ
ŷվ壬ڻûгɻ顣
֦Ȳ޸ҡ
ǵϷĻվʱЦݣ֦εֲܿƵغ
ˣȻǱ̬
ǰĹܷҶûбֳκλ⣬𻹶Ƶļơ
ʢŭ֮£˹ȥ
С㣡ܷѾһԵĵЦҶܵһ䡰ˣѹСȥ
ⳡϷ൱Ļ
ҶͶԹܷκκøУο̫ӭZʾá
ֻû뵽ᷢ¡
ȻˣֻȥӦˡ
˭
ҶԺ˲両ֳӭZ֣ЦһܷϾҲĽ̫ӣ̫
˵ӭZͶԹֶܷ֮ġ
˼ţҶ˼ƽϡ

һϷ֦Σӿջ뿪Щ㱡
˵ܷ֦κüǰվ𾩳ǵĹŮ
һʼԹܷӡ󲢲ãΪùܷ³Ϊ̫·вˡ
ֹܷ˶̫⣬ûκβϲĵطʮ͹ܷԸ
ˮȴּϡ
֪̫Ӳнһչûκ˿Сǰô
Ƕվ˵Ȼܷ޷޸̫ӣϣܼ޸һиˡ
ȻҶ㲻ʲôˣֵи
ҺùܷڳɻǰҶȺá
뵽⣬ֿ֦˻
ߣȥׯ˳־סվ졣
֦ϲüҵģվҲЦЦ
κվǶЦ֦ҲûЦǷĻǳϰߡ
ϯǧڣҪ档
˲ׯ֦αվѡ
û뵽ǣվ죬ƹľֱȡһõĳµ
ʲôʱ򶨵ģ׵ɫĹȹʮֺ֦ε̲֮סվ졣
ͻ졣վû֦㴩׺ܺÿ
ƹһԸ͵λ๫۹治յ·ʮְˡ
ֹ䣬װ
֦οǳɫվ죬·ǹġ
˵ȷҲȹ
֦ѡ˼ƥӺʹ뿪
Ҳһʱ䡣
ǵȥ˿ջһˣ֦θ·ػѵҪڲׯͣʱ仹ü
´λɡ߻ȥ·ϣվ첻
Ҳۡ
⸱ǵĿɺöˡ
Լ
֦ξʵĶûа׷ѡ

֦ռվ֦͵ฮſǱ
ټ֦γָ𣬲ûʶվ˵ġռĺ塣
ฮ뿪վ
ҶηӦվᡣ
ӻ̫µ֡վӰӻص
šļƻУվ΢΢һ٣¸֦Ρ
үֹʲô𣿡
վûлش𣬴̤Ӹһŵ˵һ䣺뿪⼸գˡ

ٴδһ£½ϣ֦ξϱʮĶࡣ
һһֵ档
±ĵط֦λΡ
ϵͳҵļˣΪһһʵ𣿡
֦οżɽԼɻ
ǵϵͳصʵĻᾡļ䡣
ϵͳܿ𣬡Ҽһ£صʵǶʱﲢûпʼ䣬Ϊ㻹δǿ϶ᱻͻġ
֦Ȼţܴ۸˼ϵͳ
ǰҴʱ˲𣿡
ϵͳĬĬشܣΪ˱֤ӲܵʱݵС
ļȫ񡣡ϵͳٵһ¸ֿԣóۡ
ǡ
ʲôδϵͳƽ֦꣬Ȳʡ
ϵͳĵʮδ֦ͷһξϣϵͳԳһ˵ʵĹܡ
Լļ䡣ϵͳͣһ£֦ףֲпҪֻ̫Ҫ
ұȽںǸ𰸡֦ξС£ȷϣֻҪ룬һ
һμ䣿
֪ĻƬθվйأ֦ȴʧȥĲֹһμ䡣
˵ܰҵֹվڻĹؼ
֦γ˼Ƭ̣˸ǡ
Ұﲻˡ֦εȴϵͳʱϵͳȴһصĴ
ļȱʧã޷֪㵽ȱʧĲֵļ䡣
Ҫá
֦һڣϵͳҲǵһ֪ˡ
û취𣿡
Ҹոּһ¡
Ͻ˵ӣ
һĽǻعһվĹȥϵͳﻹһ˿˿
ûлعǹȥĽ֦˲ȻԻعվĹȥǿ϶Ҳǵġ
ûУǣԲܻعԼĹȥ
ʲôƹ涨
֦̣ʣվǸʲô
񡣡
ʱǨתתϡ
лҪ˵֦ΣΪ̬Ǹ

 22 

վڻѾԶˣҪؿǡϵͳѭѭա
վǵͷٵ֦ԺлǸôĺء
ΪԻҩĵ׿̹¡
֦ں֪طԼϡ
Ŵ⻺һ¡
֪Ӻʱÿҹϵͳ죬޻ɽҲһ
ڱԼ磬Ҳõġ
֦̾Ϣһ
ͱ˶סǸʵˡ
ҽ񡣡֦˵⻰ʱŲҲǳڶδ֪Ŀ־塣
ȴһš
ϵ
أҵʮ꣬ڿˣҵóˣء
лǱĻеλ֦ξĪĺЦ
Ȼϵͳһ仰֦˲ľ
ΪҲܹݡ
֦Ժﻺһʺţ֪ôȥִС
㲻õģɶѽӽ50%
⻰֦μٵһܲҪǰ
ʱԡ
ϵͳ֦ҧгݵǲڿң
֡ôôѿڶˡ
ȥˣΣ
ϵͳУ֦λ۾
Ҳ֪ĶԲԣܻҪȥ

ϵͳԣ֦һҹȷһΡ
ǰվ콫ڻĳ
˭Ҳ޷ܾеĹ
֦ΪԼ˸ɣҲûкôġ

һֻ֦ˬ
С㣬ҪȥĶ֦ù;Ҫŵӣæһ졣
ȥ䣬ǲø
֦λãŮĽǡ
С㣬һ·СġСıӰţҪ
Ǿ仰ɢֻ֦ģģ֡
ǱʶǾ֦һȥվġ
ʵϣ֦εĿĵȷʵӸ
ǽƵӸ֦ʶȻ١
Խ˵ʱվӦ𴲡
֦÷ţԽ
öûлӦ
Խڷ𣿡֦βĵֻһ䡣
Ȼش
֦ĴϣһβͲݣϣִ˴һԵСȸ
ȸ˾һߡߴߴߴؽţһ߶
վϵ֦λðǰĵط·ϡ
ʱȥ֦Ρ
ףվ첻ڸ𣿡֦ԥҪҪֱţ־ò̫ʡ
Ȼڸǻ
֦ţ뿪
·õ廨ʱ˻ȥ̲ספۣȥ
֦ۡξһСģһǱõĴ̸һѪʳָ䡣
ϲõ壬͵óżȻĴˡ
֦εԺظֳһ仰ڳͻ֮ʱŽ˳ھ˵仰
ʱΪİĻδϸ뵽ںδ⻰
ٻȱʧʵʵڵزϸ֦ĩУֻȱ˽ҿ

֦Ҳ֪̾Լ̫ٶۻǸԹʼٸ߾ˡ
Ѱվ죬ֻ֦÷ฮ
ŵڶȥһΡ
ڶաագ֦ζʧ顣
ӭZ¶֪վȥ
ӭZһĻ᲻֪ԽȥĶ
ա
С㣬ղȥӸ𣿡忴֦ΰڴϣ͸ãȻ
ӭZǾ仰Щ
δվƽ޹ʧ֮ǰ֪ͨһ
ô֮仹нδɡ
ңվǧڣվ첻׻ҪҪϯ
С㡭
ȳȥҾ뵽⣬֦βϣͷͷߺ޵ش޹ͷ
Ƭ̺ûǲ̲סĳ˵䣬ҧгݵĺޡ
վ죡㵽ȥĶˣ
š
ĺ˻ش֦Ϊ˻
ɣܡ
̧ͷ״
뽫Ӹϵһ룬һɲɶԿıӣӲ¶֮С
ʱſŵġ
ľͲڡ
֦ţȴĶ䲢ǰ衣
֦ˡվЦﻹӹɣ˵ȥӸҡ
Ͳûʯˡ
زֻ֦
ֻղ֦ξվ־˼֣ĳ޺ڵ۽ǵ룬¿Ӻʮǡô
һ˲֦һԼԻ뷨վŵɫ·ɴɫöá
󡭡ɫ
뵽֦εɫ
УǸˡ
ֱ֦ؿվ죬Ҳûбֳ
ֶĵص֦οڡ
֮£֦οվͷ˿·һ
ſھ͵´α𴩺ɫ·ˡ
վҲû뵽ĵһ仰Ĵ
˶٣һ죬Żһ䣬
֦ϰԵصͷ
ҴվͻȻȡһľᣬݸ֦Ρ
֦˳ֽľᣬϸϸһ
һεӣβ֮һֵķš
ȥһ꣬·ϾһС򣬱ΪһѴɫľᡣ
˵⻰ʱվһգգض֦Σ۲λķӦ
Ǵӳĳҵ˼
֦εָǸţδκͣ
лл
ǧڣϢϣվת˳ȥ
ֻͣ˲һʱ
֦ʶվո˵ǷǸոϻ
Ϊ˰ľύԼ
뵽⣬֦СؽľŽױ̨ϵһϻ
ϻǴװҪߵƷġ
Ҫ뿪ǰϳǣֱղϻﻹǿһ
ÿЩ׼վʣ¡
֮ǰҵǰȺǵˡ
ðסǧʱ

 23 

ǧڣ𽹬
ʵЯΪǵĻʺ
ˣ˷׷й
Ҳ֪ǲɺϣվõס֦ǰߡ
ſ°ڣֻ֦˸¶׵ƣϸ¹졣
μϣʺ
֦ظȴһ˿
ô࣬ľٶ
ǻʺٳؾ񡣡
Ƕ˵ϵһֱ򷽹ķ
󣬲δκλӦ
ٴͿʼĻָ·һϡ䱦
֦ηſϵģ
󰲵ĵչ֮꣬ɢھѹбɵӢͦü֦εӡǾı׼ࡣ
ӭZظ٣Ƶǿ
վ죬ȴǺȫһ͡
֦εĿͬӣȻЦš
֦ܵڿվƫͷ
֦š
šʵ֦βûкܽţվôһ˵ŷԼ˫Ȼ
ԤУ˾ϡ
ʱʦ̵ۺٳ֦ȴԵ˴һߡ
ᣬᵽ֦ΪԼ˻þ
ҪӵϵͳʾվĺڻֵȻ5%֦ľͺһ˲ĹΪ
˵ô޴ȴȻº͵Цݡ
ѵһΣ֦ڻֵ仯ԭ
֦ζ֪νĵۺǸЦǻ֮ˡ
ԭᵽʮǰδƴĵҪʺĸĻλ
ȻΪճӵӭZ¾ͱΪ̫ӣλȴٳδ͵طȻھǡ
˲˵ǻڿǸ÷ĶΪ̫ӡ
ӭZôûиκλᡣ
˵վ첢ϵǵ̫ӭZʶʮ꣬δڻǰǻΪӭZеġ
֦ζΪӭZеֵҶ䡣
뵽⣬֦ξվ˻ǽģֻҪҵվڻֹӭZµ
˵˴Сһ飬վ컹ӭZ塣
ô֦ͷվ졣
Խ㸸ǻϵ壿
šվ֦ΣشСĻ塣
ҾϺ֦֮ѹɤǾòȫִյվĶߣ˳Ʒǵһˣҿ
˵һ룬֦μվĸȥѾãȻòǸоס
վ컹ڵȴ֦εģȴͻȻ۾еĲԶ׼
֦λڿβȣɨͼﲻ֪ô³һ仰
ҿԽòԺŮĻɫѷ֡
ϣվžƱ΢΢һ١
һ룬Ц
֦ߺ
֦վһھƣ㼱Ҫ޸ҵ顣
㲻ܡ
֦κ޲ðԴ굽ӵ£վĸ׵òǿ֪һѿھͳӡ
Ӻ鲻ѽƺΪվѵôЦһԵӲһ䡣
ʶģӷ֦ε̸
֦죬ڻʺϥ£ӭZԼվĹϵ㲻Żվ
һ֦λδӦ͵͵վ죬ĿĶǺܸ˵ӡ
ǲæشˡ
֦ҲЩɥرס֣ϸ˿һ䡣
һ顣
Ȼվ첻ϰæݹ˵
ѣ֦֪ҲҴ¡
͵ӼﶼɫҲ˵˹֦εĴţ˲²⣬ûٶʡ
֦Ҳ̧ͷעǰıϣҿվ⻰ķӦ
֦ûм̸ȥ˼ȻӶߵ˼СޣոҲԾץ֣ӱЩ죬㡭
ôˣҴҲǼõġû뵽Ϊ˴˵͵ºͣԴ֮µǲһ㡣
ֻ֦˼ĶڴΣȻûٹעοѾǰıݸץǰĻ׿ʼš
ǧ˵ĿģδκһĿ꣬Թ԰˷ʱ䣬һһߵȻᡣ
治֦λվ콻뷨
ú±ΣվȻ׳һ⡣
ǵȻ½ʤһ֦ʶش
µո߳ȫֻйܷ֮һս
ţҲôá֦ε⿴վ˵ͷϵıδ䡣
ܾﲻԾ
֦죬ȴ־Լˡ
վĪ̲ס˼롣
Ů׳ˡһԶ
֦üͷ΢ǡ
֮ˣǶղİ
ɫĳ۷ʱͬһֻչĻ
ɻһǴġ
еϵͳذڻֵΪ50%ʱ֦ε
žžžĵݣͷơ
ϣ˸񣬡ףʺǧ֮١
֦βɵÿվ죬ɫƽڳ˱ֳǰ㱻
˵ʵ֦ζб޵վ쾹ûһ˿Ķ
ʲôվЦ
ز¶֦θ̾
⻰վü
ֻ֦⻰֮١
Ҳɡ
׼ĺ
ʺϾӶ꣬ȻҲǱ˾ʵıݡ
Ϸǽġ
Ϸ϶Ũױزʣ˿ʵģ
һڣ֦α֪ǡ
ʵУ֦汾ġʱϤһʱ֮侹С
ӵɫȴĽжԽ԰ס
ǳ治֦鲻ԽЦ
Եվһ
ûеõվĻӦ֦Ҳ⡣
ٯ֦εĶƣ·ص˹ȥСʱʵлͯÿԺݳӡ
 ˫ã˫ãݰ١˵˵ƽ׵طֿˡܽӵ̨ʡ
֦εĵվ
գ֦λδˣԶȻɫҰס
ⳤдĳ谮Ĺ֮Ĺ£ڻʺٳζ棬ȴ˵źݶĻ                        
лҪ˵ΪԸϵϾŵѧһжֻΪ
ǲѧһ


 24 

˻һ̸ﾪʺϵĺüüۼ䶼ŭ֮⡣
ƵĻʺõȻȵضǳЦ
ϸ֮£ֵָԹ״Ťţָϸ۵ƤҲ֪
ͷ˽ʮ꣬Թļѹ˷һͷȴɵвԷޱ߳谮
񷽸˺պս
뵽⣬մŵ߾Ϳάֲס
ĵ·硣
ʺ׼ȴ뷽ıĿ꾺ǡ
֪кο
һе֦ǰġֻ֣ͣ٣ֲؿʼ׽еʳȵȫºŻڡ
Ů޶ۣ⣬֮һɲϽгʮʤ
װɵ˭ᣬɲϹϵ˲֮ǰ뽫ǫͷ
ͳܽˡŵ㣬ģκһƷ϶
˵֦꣬ץһŻףƤҲû̧ؼŷŵĶ
ΪΪηԼֻǴԵػһ䣬Ƿͻʺ֮ս
ҵǾãĵ۾֦ķִ֦оڿվ죬ܱӿϵŮӡ
ܱҿϵŮӣδȷĻ˵꣬վԴͬʱվָ֦εǶһ޶Ĵڡ
վⲻʱ˵Сǡôĸ֦һ㶣ʱ֦θΪλͻȻԼϡ
ӵµһִֻ˴վĴȣͼվעⳡϡ
ָվȾͱץס
վϢ֦ߣֻʵ֦Ķأ
ԣ֦εǺ죬ѵ˲ĵط
ѽ
˵ܾٶвͬķӦ
ϵĵ֣ļܶȻȷر֮ʺ󰡣أͼˣΣǴҪˡ
Ȼ϶ˣ˼ʹﲻԸҲø͡
ǰ˵öԡ
ҲΪ
ĽĿ
һĿʼӲŲز˲ͷϲڵ亹
֦εͷʾ⣬ƺڸлľȳⲻ֪뷽ĶԻǷ
£ʺ֮ϸ΢ļ϶ͬĵ֮ǰһάֺĹϵ
¶˵ķֻ·ŪĻָ
ֻ֦ξĿԼ
ڿԼվ죿
Ϊվƻǫĺ
һʱ޶٣֦ʶҧҧʳָ
ôˣ֮˵İڶ֦ε־ͱǿаҧ
벻ס֦μע˼ʱͺվİԵΪ
ţ벻ʲôվ켫յ˵
Ϊʲô֦κﵹӳվģ˵Ļң
Ͷ̫⣬֦Զѡ
ͷľΪǫվӦǱˡ
֦εɻվǲɵöһ¡
㣿
԰ôָ࣬յҪһش𣬲𣿡֦βսվĶ䣬˵ǲҲǫһв
֦ͻȻŴվ䲻ա
롣Ե˲㡣
Ǿ仰վû˵ڡ
ָһŻףһ̣֦εСߣû룬ſ졣
֦βҧס˻ףվָ⡣
վһдʮָģһ˿¶
ɵһŻף֦εĿ͡

ǧڣԭôȤڻȥ·ϣ֦γվ첻ע⣬͵͵ش˸á
һǻ׳Զˡ
šվ쿴˵Ҫʳ·ظҲĳˡ
飡Ȼ֮䣬˱ը̻
쿴̻֦λͷָҹеĻǱһõ廨
ʱŮ۵дۡ
̻Ǽġ
Եӣ˵ǸĹ¸һİûкýġ

ǧڹĵգ֦ε֪𱻴͸ӵ
峿ʱǵЦݡ
С˵־
֦δԺܿ˷Ӧϲɫֻ¶һ΢Ц
ȵǣվıðɡ
ʲô¿е֪Ϣ֦ΰûк͡
ǵðϲӦӭZ
ôͻȻ빬˻ʵ۵ŮˣһӾͳɡ
УҪȥվ졣֦θͱס
֦Խոףڳɻǰܼ棬Ȼ
Ŵˣ֦δ̾һջء
˵վƸû꣬һķ֣վƺԼ֪Ǯ
õΪ
ͰΨһϵΪϲӭZڰ˹ϵҲ͵Ϊֹ
ڸҪĵһˡ
ϣϵͳ뷨
ϵͳҾ÷⡣
ǧڹԷĻԽԽ
뷨
Ͳ²ǵͷйأõϵͳĿ϶֦θŲɷǰȥйϵ
ֻǷӽһѵ顣
ʱʱȥ̫ӣٴ빬ʱ
ȴûгŵĴ㣬Ҳ޷վ棬ֻµķ䣬ĥʱ䡣
½㣬ʲô𣿡
գ·մɲ豭ײϷһ죬Ҫȥǡ


 25 

ȥǣ
µĻش, ֦һ̶ӦָȥɨĹ
ձǴ󰲵Ƚ, Ϊ˵ȥĽա
Щ˻ڼм, ҲЩ˻ȥ˵ĹϷ, ȻµѡǺߡ
ֻ, ֦β˼˵ȥ
ΪԶ׵, ҵ˵, Լ, ô˵Ĺ졣
š֦һʱҲ֪νӻ, ˶, 뵽Ľ, ӦûڳɣΪ˱, Ҿ͡ȥˡ
Ŵ, üͷ壬֦еĲΪ֦վİ¹¡
ĵã»ûȰ, ο
֦󴦵, ֦ε
ԭӦҪ͸ǵġ
ʶȻ˵֦βǣȴȻһְƷĸо
ֻеǺ֦ײ֮ʱŷֱ֦һˡ
Խôأ
ӭZθ˵վ׽վӦֳ
ʱ, µһһ̽վĵ뷨
ΪȥĵãҲΪǰ֦Ρ
֦˵һԽ˺㣬ôأ
ҧ´Ųײ̽
֦β֪ľᣬΪĵսӭZվһ棬峺˫һ󣬱þ
˵¾֦ǵĵط۾
۾״ȷЩ΢Ĳ죬ȷе˵͸¶鲢ͬ
ǵҲΪɳӰ죬һֱΪԶ׵֦дŵӺΡ
ųฮŮǣﴫĸǹҺͼᶨ
һ̣֦мŵϲһ˲䶼ʧȵ֦κ̫ˡ
ûмʱطһ˵һ⣬˻ֳĸӦǸ
Цݶˣ֦еϵͳȥ̲ס²һ䡣
ޣ֦οٷӦԼĴȣӲҪᡣ
֦θоȶ챻Լˣǲģ
ֻ֦õͷ¿ϵı飬½㡭Ƿʲô
ˣǹ⻷꣡
ûûС֦ζ룬ҲԼ´վΪˣҪȷһΡ
֦μ²˵ȥҲ׷ʣֻҪӭZܶĽ֡
ˣԽվǵĻ֮󣬰֦Ҫʲô𣿡¿ٵػ˸⡣
֦κվĻ±ѮµվʮһҪػϳǡ
ڲ³֦ûǹôԶ£֮ǰ񣬷ʵ硣
ûС֦οһֹסΡ
Ȼڿжʱ䡣
⼸㻹ڸҿ԰㡣
֦δµ΢ЦУΪ겻ٽʾ֭׼һᣬݲܾµĺ⡣
ãһûʲô֦ʵ½㣬𣿡
վʮһÿһ뷽跨ͬ
ֱżȻֻ֪վ͹һվʮһꡣ
ţʮҺ̫׼һݡ
ǵģ󰲹յϰǷʮ񣬶ǰװ׵ض˺üΣվ컹İ£ˣʱǷվʮʱκζ
վʮյʱǸһ볤档
뵽⣬֦ζԼ֣վĴһֶֻˣ뷨͸½㡣

صԼ֦һɣǱģ
±ͷӣοǸ׼
սݵˮȻվƬ̣ûпڣֻǶӰȴ֦εķԸ
һ˼ҵС㶼֪Ѿ߻ţฮˮ뷨֦ο϶֪ˡ
ִ֦βô룬̱ϣлдʡ
վҲ̫鷳ˣҵ׸׼ʲôѽ

ա
ּҵĹڳǽľƼɽϣ֦λ˺һҵλá
Ȼ˵Ųǣܲסϵͳ˵ܻй
һ㶼ԼĹء
һ㶼
ðɣһ룬ֻһ㡣
֦˵ԼҪΪ
һ·ϣ֦ߵø⻺
һߣĿĵأµӦɨĹͲ
һߣǵĹǰӭZ
ڴ˵ĵãʵй
ֻڳ˶ʮϧá
Խм仰˵µԵı¡
վ챾ȥĽŲ΢΢һ͡
š
ӭZɿµ֣µͷǱߵµ㡣
ӭZԶ·ŶվĺǵĮ
µתѾ˴𰸡
Ϊϲӣ
ûͷûβ˶֮⡣
վͷиһ˿ȻѰ֦ʲôǵ𣿡
˭֪⻰վ΢΢̣һ΢Ц
´Ц˳ǰ֦εǵ˺ֹվһˡ
ã³̾һ
Խ֦޹ģĲϲҲ˺
˵꣬ӭZķȥ
ôֲܷϲ˵˭
µı󣬴վĵ
ڻشµɻ󣬿͵һɢȻҲûС
ʱ֦λûҵĹص֮
ѵ·ˣ֦γüǰǿñ紵ûôһ֮ǰ͵ط
ĵ¡
ң
֦δۻԭ·û·֮ʱ֮
Ϊ֦վķλ꣬ܿˣԷһܷĴڡ
һĵ´֦ζ֮ʣͲµǫ
û뵽ǣǫ¸ţһһȥ
Ƿ𣿵Ĳ˿񴫵ҡ
ˣҲű֦κܿжϡ
ȹӣŵظȥ

 26 

֦θǫĹء
ǵĹǰͣ
ǫҳӵ֦´, µ˴ʱ뿪
һô˿Ļᱻǫ֡
֦ɹǲϵͳһָ, һڽﶼױ˷֡
ϵͳ, ǫڵ𣿡նĸ, Ϊ֤ʵĲһ, ǫ̳
ֲϵͳһˡ
ûдش, ֦ν䵱Ĭ, о, ʼ۲ǫһһ
͹˵, ǫ̳˻, ֽڽһ, òʵ
ǰǺվԱȵĻ
ӭZΪӵǹ⻷, ҫ۵Ľɫ
Ϊһŵվ, ˽ģ֦ξԺӭZ⡣
͵ǫòΪ˼ӷ֣οƷ֦ѾǸĲٸ
ʮֺǫɣѵǴһ֮ʧѾõҸȼˣ
ǡǫһ΢΢´, Ļҧгݵζ, ôˣ
ԣ֦鶯̲סһҲ֪𰸡
ˣҲֱӰǿˣ
ŷ紫֦βɵò˲ǫ֪֪˵ʲô
ȻǷˣûָ
Ƕ˵ҷˡ·ɺһ, ǫĻ뷨ν
ҲҷˣϲʱѾˡҿصĻӣվֻǸķӣΪʲôĿԶΧվת
ǫͻȻʼЦɱЦ֦θµеЩ
ϲ˭ǣ
ΪѾˣ˭֪վҸݡϧʲôء
˵ᱣ㣬ҶôꡭܺݵùҵĸʱЦߴ󺰵ǫѾʼ״Ρ
ԲǣԲ𡭡ոյһЦþǫȫֻˡһȻǵĹǰ
ҵ׻Ӯվ죬ʶѵʱѾ뿪ʵأһʹػڹ¶
ԲǣҡʹֻǶһĹǫ˵Ǿں
Ƿϵعڵϣƺڻʲô
Щ꣬ķ̫һ䴿ġҰ㡱˵ڡ
ǸԼĸģⱲڵľ
ò˵һĻǫ֣˸Ĺϵ֡
ʱԭǫ˦Ǹ˹
ĵ£ʲôأ
һͬʱǫбһƬ磬ͷ֦οˡ
ǫͷػһ䣺겻ɢ
ֲͷҵҡͷ·մһ㡣
ѼǫģֻǱ鹹ĻŵæǰסǫȻ뿪⡰֮ء
ǰǸӦʲôĿ֦⳯β֮ɨһۡ
ֻһ˲ȥ
վվ죬վΪǷһУ
ѾˣİҲþˡ
ǷĻþǻţҳΪӡ
ѣʵ硣
һԸνĻӡ
ȻҲ֪ǸݵĴԣ˭֪Ϊվ죬ǸⱲмӡ
ǫԶȥ֦λվԭأԴۡ
ǫһĸĻӲ淴ӳ˷ڶҪɫ
ĸס
ЩǫɵĻ»Ŀ
֦ԹԵض۾ļ俪ʼ
ٴۣ֦ε۽е졣
ǱǫĻж뵽ǫôġ۸ʵﲻµĳΪϲŮעɾٶ
֦ҲйǫϲĴȷ
ʵǫվԭһΪ
ǵǫйܳһʱûҹվ죬ֱʼƵӴվ죬ǫͻȻ֡
͵͵ʹվ죬վֻ˵ˣΪǫѡ
ʵͦԲվģܲ˵ضµĸ飬ַĴԭεĴѩϼ˪
ϵͳǫΪʲôҪϲҰ֦λڵϣ̲ס˳
ǫǰøһת˵Ŷϲ
ǲǶףĿõĺʵֱྶͥ
ԭǱͼ޸ǫǣһС̫ůߵˡϵͳһ򲻽ѻ
仰߶ǵۡ
ǵıԼĽ֣ȴĲ˱˶ĸ顣
뵽վİ⡣
ʲôõģһϲҡ֦ѾܾûôѹˣΪﾭһĻӲøš
Լһ͡
磬ŷνֻǿȥһЩҪ¡
ˣ֦β˲ᣬϲܱϲºãֻ˵ִеʮֵλȷʵؽˡ
ֻԼϡ
֦β֪ǫϵ׷˺£Ļ⣬ǫõǸվ졣
һֱΪվĸ鲻ڴǫⷬվڻԭ
֦ηվ룬ҲǷվһԲ
ټʱύһеġ
뵽⣬Ϊȷˣ֦ĵش¶Դ뿴ԼĹ
ǰûˣ֦ظ˿
ʲôأոôöû֣αָ
֦δתͷٴȷʱ
֦
һ֦βͷ֪վŵ˭
ָ֮ԱΪαָԭǣȻ󲿷£ᱻ˷֡
һ⣬ǡ
վ졣
ұվ췢ֵĸʸߴ80%
ҪڹŴվǲװ˶λ
վֻŮתͷ˫ֻ˫ۡ
ʲô
ɻǰǲܼ档ոտ޹۾һǺġ
ʲôߵɽʱǫĴѰǫ˻˭֪֦ⷢҲ⡣
ҡǣ֦οվ飬˵ʵ
ַʹ֦ε۾ڱΣվɴǳЦĻȴŲɡ
תȥҸɽ֦ٴ·վ뿪𿴣ɻǰ˼治
ֵվ죬ʹ֦ڶġ桱ʽתŵˡ
վ촫֦νַָ˴ǰ֮˵ĺ󱳡
վһף֦εָողᣬѹĵطһɫİߵ㡣
߰ɡ֦ջֻ֣·
Բ
֦ĬĬ˸ǸΪ·ҪջǾټʱһеĻ
ٸһʱ䡣
ֻҪһ㣬ܿͺá
лҪ˵ȣ죨
ж´Ҳ֪λش
Ϊûд壬ȫÿտд
ʱΪһľӲд£


 27 

ɽ·, һǰһš
վ졣֦εЩ⡣
ҲǲĿ, ֦εĽŸ, վ, ̫ˡ
֦λ, ֪ǫϲ𣿡
, վĽŲһ١
ʵľ⣿
Ϊ, ֻ֦ܴб˿̵
վһů, һ䷴֦ȴ˵ֳ, Ĵϡ
Ҷµķ, 治
֦ξԼվİݶԽԽ, ϸϸظһ顣
ǫϲǣ
վǰ, ͷķȱɢīڵ, ֻ֦һšִ
ǫϲ
վЩܵ
֦οסͷһȻӱǣסվ֡
οվĻδ˵ڣ˵ô, Ͳϲǡ
֦β뿴վڻֵ, ʱûдκһ¸еɻ
ǫУΪվһ㶼ں
˵öԡվ컰ִԭ飬ȥǸԼһ㱣ɫİûкýġ
̶ɿ֦ε֣һȥ
Ӹةฮȷʵ˼档
ʱˡ
֦λ겻ػص, ΪվٱǰĮȻ
վƢʱʱּǣģֻҪڻֵûǾͺá
յԼĳԥվ׿ڳǡ
ϵͳɶǶ٣
50%
ʱ֦ſϣһ֧ëʡ
̹׵ķʽֹһ֣ҲʧΪð취
ȴٳû±ʡ
һθվдǷġؿ
´μʱŽվ졣
ҪվǣȻͿӭж⡣
ĽƽǰԭƺҲߣԭŮҲѶס
һг䶨ٹһͿԻصʵ硣
֦λָۣտɴһڽ
վ졭
Ҫؼҡ
ΪĿģѾô࣬԰;ϡ
ô˵Ϊ˸лվ죬֦ΰ˸
뿪֮ǰǰվ˳ģǰվҪ󲻹֡
Ƭ̺ƽ飬ٴ۵֦ץʣˢˢؿʼʡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ӹ
վɫ䵭ָŷȡһֽдȼ
Ǵһš
ɨһݣٵҵֺ󣬲Ŵͷֶһš
ĩβʱЩ΢ı仯ͫһĨӿŨɢȴĺɫҪٰ֡
վĵؽ˺٣Ȼۡ
ʱɫ۱ͻأСīνۣϡɼǸָӡ
κվ뵽ʲôֻƵ̾һ

պ
ⶼʲôʲô֦νĻһӣ̱ϡ
С㡣Ľ𻰱ӣз£
֦γԴ³һʵ֪Լڵױʲô顣
ûкվ棬ɶȻӡ
Ȼȵ͵ԺԲƣϵͳ˵Сλӡ
֦θĵһ¡
ȽڵԵʣ⼸նڸУ֦ûл
֦ռһѹڷĻӣͼҳ˿
ʮԲͬߵƷĶǧƪһɵĹ¡
˾谮λӴһ˳죬ʺҲλλá
佫ֻһλ
˵ܵϹ֮λҲǻʵ飬һµľ
ĳ֮Ů
ΪĲ¼ɣĳ佫֮ٽӴǰ֮ûκϵ
ѵɴˣǴǫƷ޷ŷǸˡ
ϵͳĵظʾ⡣
һʲô
뵽⣬ִ֦ӽӹµĻ
ֻǴԵɨһۣ֦ξ̲ס˸ۡ
ޥġ²ż汸ǵһˡ
ЩʳֵƵʸߵһͷܲµβ
һ
С㣬Ѿһˡ
ԣ֦κĶͣĵ·صһҳ
Ȼʵ֤ھͨлӾˮ߲Ʒ
Ŷһ룬ֻ֦˷˰ʱ
漴»ɢһ
ҪүͺˣСͲ˳ˡ֦ȱȱֻȱվȤ
վ⡣
⻰֦һ㶡
֪ΪΣվ⣬һ𷽹쳣֮
Ҫһºǲܼ棬ʲôء
δеˡ
ҹ
Ҳ뵽ʱ˴˼棬վ쾹ֳ֦εС
εվ繵ر

֦Ǳѵġ
һζ֮£ʧۣ˭֪ӳľһƬ졣
ٵͷһѱ˳е·
ϵͳĶ֦εһӦѯеϵͳ

δ֦λ񣬳ϵᣱƿ
վ죿֦ξһǻΡ
֦ˡվµԼɼ
ô£һҹ֮䣬ӹ뷿
ȥ·ϣոͻȻ˾վ۽ǵѸٵش֦Σ˫ʣӦֻǱѡ
ȷ£վǰߡ
ȵȣܵøҽһ¡һ·ô£ܲվġ
ȻվֻһĮıӰ
Ϊ˷վ콫ͷһɫװǸɾĴ䣬ȴƫƫһʺķ
ܵͷһƬĳּվѪһɫ̫ۣ֦ζٸ۾ۡ
С㡣һͻȻϸתע
֦ŷˮ徹⳵С
ˮĴڸһ򼫵ͣڲʱʮױԡ
ˮ壬Ҳڰ֦һϵ·ˮ廻ģ˯һ
ӷ϶֦ٴۡ
ƺһΡ
εվվϼѪɫ
뵽վпˣ֦һ
Լ顱һͷӲĵ˽ϡ
һײ֦γ˹
Σ
ҲŹգվּˡ
Խ֦βվӦ⡣
үʻİվ죬ˡ
ʵ֦θոյĿѱվڶУһ˿ԥֵȴս
ȸ·                        
лҪ˵ǩԼڵ¼quq
лСʹǵ飡
ĩ׽һ³

 28 

, ûдκζ
С㣬үæŸ·ˮ֦Լֵʧ, վһ, ȥҲûʱ䡣
ˮ, ֦أ𷽲վҲ˵ȥ·ϡ
ꣿվǧ֮ǰȥһ, Ҫ
ޡ֦Դ, վֻĻþ
ʱվ˵Ĵ̫, 񻹵֪վмΪԼԵ, һվϴ̲סӦȡ
վû¾ͺ, رܵͲ׷ˡ
ʵҲ̫վ, Ϊǰ˼, ǡ
, ֦ΰһ, дŻڷ
վ죬һԵذߡ
վʲôֻҪ캦֮£Ӧ

Ȼȥ, ֦ζûмվ档
, ֦̽ͷĳ򣬡վ쵽ȥˣ
˵һգڰΰѵ״̬´ҴƳһվĲգ֮վҲûг֡
үֻչ˺йоصĻشޱ֦һʱ޻˵
ԳվǰδӴˡ
Ҫˮһֱ, ȷȷʵʵվ죬ҪԼǱˡ
С㣬ǾͿ쵽ˡˮͼο֦ε
֦һͲ궯
һ뿪ǣԭΪվʮֺڡ
ѵվػǰĹ涨
۳ʲôԭ֦ζޱȰûקסվ죬Ȼˡ
ˡʱͣ£⴫֦ﻶ
ڵĿĵأζٴμվ졣
֦ˮĲԼһԾվһ˲˷ס
ա֦ξϲ̧ͷȻδгͷǰ֮˲վ졣
˵֦μ
㡭
°ӣү֮ڴ˵ȺֹȻһ˫̥Ҳơ
վأ֦ü
ܣǰһլӣ⸽ֻһ˼ҡ
Ӷ֦εܶ˲ֹȥ֪
֦ԥŰήֲլӦЩͷˡ
ǣ֦λϵʱһϤӰլ˳
ǣ㣡ֳеľϲ֮Ա
Ĵֳǣ֦εĵһӦϣֳĶһδ֦γͽӵ˻С
ǣˡֳ֦εͷ
ӦһĻ棬ƽ޹ʵ֦βһ⡣
ĺĺȻһɽĽȸС
ʶһֳſֳʱģ
Ĵ˲ĺ룬֮ʱδȥֳϾҲһ⣬ոһ˲ĽӴ֦ԼײֳĹͷ
ĴǺǼΪƵﻹŻ֮
ּʮ״Ԫٴ˹ġŻ磬ǶپŮ׷Ķ
֦ǰվŵˣҪǿŶ꣬޷ԼĴ硣
ֹӼ״ʱؿڽִͣүЩ⣬ӡ
ʲô⣿֦Ѳپʱݣֳ֪Ϸ˺¡
ֹǻǽ˵ӵ
Ҳá֦ε˵ͷŵѹȲ֪ںʱʧ̤Ŷһ̣ͷɨһ顣
ֻ֦һɶߵլԣ֮
ˣ
ǣǰֳĻ֦ջĿ⣬첽ȥ
լӵų׹ϣվŴ
һµûڰľӰӰ´£ڵסϵ飬˾һϾɵĺڰƬ˴˿̡
ãᲽլӵĺȥ
˵ɣô£òȰֳط֦ǿžȦϡ
ӵɽˮ꣬ȴһֳ̬
վȥ
Ͱ˽һ񣬶ˮվ֦米塣
ˣ֦οһģһ˭˵𣿡
ȻͰڵվָʾ
֦ܲţ˵վҽͣ
үӺһʯص˶٣ٵ³һ仰үбҪʱ档
ִүڻؾ·ϱϮʧȥ˲ּ䣬Ҫʱָ֮һֱС֡
Ϯʱ֦εý
Ȱ˵仰֦δĿġ
ٰǣֳļ䡣
֡ǱաԽµ𣿡֦θվݵĽɫٰǣ
֦οˡٰ硱֡
ʲô磬֪ˣ͸վǡ
ǡ
϶Ļش֦ķ
ãᣬ֤ǡ
ֻϧɷѿдվǷţʱĥǡ
֪ˡ֦γҡҡ׹Դǿװ򶨣ִڵȶ𣿡
δֳ
ΪָʮֳҲذмӣ䲻ǰϸ֦λǺܸлֳİݺ⡣
ֳ£λûչֳҲһ¡
֦ûκųı֣ڳ뷨졣
ˮһ򲻻дϡ
ͰȴǺɵضһۣ֦νɫҲ̫ˡ
ָΨһѪԵϵֻϷˡ
ֳδı棬ǵ˵һ˵˶Ӧ
ڰͰòп⣬֦εĸ涼ƽƽ档
վҲֻΪмƣǡҪվָ飬ѡ
ΪվΪֳֻΪֳһֱߵǡ
֦ҲȻΪվĿΪֳָ
ȴһ̽
ִڵΣ֦ظһ顣
ڻȶֻܲ˴̼վ콻£ִүֹﲢǵĻܡ
˼֦ΰǻᱻ𴩡
֦ȴ˰֣עⲻֳ֪Ѿȥһ¡
ԣӦһ֮¡
ڿʼǡ
֦
ȵȣȷǡ
ţ֦βسǡ
֦Դӽլ֮Ϊڴֳ̽£ڻûкȹһˮ
Ȼһ·۳Ͷ٣˵˼仰ŷԼڸ߶ƽʱ˼֣еʱɤ
æضϵĲ豭
ûǴиӰʱ˲                        
лҪ˵׽һȫĵĳquqһһ
ٴθл鵽ǩԼĶСʹ
۹Ҷ˺ Ӧû©ģ

 29 

, ֦αŽֳԱߵԺ
̸ֳһ̸ȴ֪˯¡
֦Ҳؾ, ûմһ˯˹ȥ
̽⵽һվڻֵ85%
վڻֵﵽ90%档
վڻֵ80%, ٽ

˯֦ȻϵͳĲ, ֪ҹ˲˯, Ϣվ߿˰ޡ
ŷĲеƺɫ, վ쿴֦¶
۾ʱ, ϸ, ǼֱǺ޶¡
ϵŮһѾõ, 촽ĻȲԾ
ʱ, ֦ʶسվ졭
Ŵ, վ콩Ӳ, л˻, ׻û֦εϡ
˺һбϣ΢Ĺ֦Ρ
ûѪԵΪʲôܳô
֦θĸоֲͬеز֦κദʱŵС
ʱ, վһգգڴϵˡ
̿ʼ, ûܰȻ˯ֻҪһۣԺйճǵһһЦ
˯ţҲᱻجθѣڳͷֻӦá
ֱ֦γָ
Ȼ
վ֮ǰļ̽, ǲ˻Ũī
ȴϣʱͣһ̣ΪǣҲһܽ
ۣйǵǶμѭ
ʱ󣬳͸񻨴վ˳ĽëϣΣϢشӷ뿪
Ϸǰվͷһȫ̰˯֦Σд˸ӵ
ٴ˯ǵͦһˡ

˯㡣ĵģһϵͳ֦δ
㲻Ұɣ֦ƤһȻϵͳѵһ⡣
ϵͳһ¸ݣǱ졣
ϵͳվڻֵڶ٣֦й°һ䡣
80%
ޡһʼ֪վôߵĺڻֵʱ֦Ǿֺͺ¡
ĿǰΪֹվҲδκιֵľٶ
֣֦Ѿûб仯õϢ
˵վĺڻֵҪȱ˸һأ
֦Դ˼һ¿ԡ
ʧܵվĺڻֵﵽ100%һֱȶ80%ϵͳҲʧܡ
С㡣⴫ˮ
֦εӻ̶ÿնîʱ𴲡
š֦βٶ룬ջҪȥֳ
ˣվ𣿡Ժ֦ʵ
Ҫվ֤ǣȻҪڳ
ˮ֦ε֦βϵ顣
֦εʱ߲ԺǼ䷿ȥ
ū澲֪
ޣҵȻȥǶ˫̥ϣ֦βĿԺӡ
ʱִ٣ûԺﵽм䷿
լȻΪ¾ɣﵹǸеһӦȫ
䷿ʲôģָ֦һ䷿ټһԺֻסˮˣһ䡣
ˮһǼ䷿
ǣͻȻ䣬Ժ⴫ֳ
Ŵ֦СųԺӣ˿ûʶˮ
֦εӰʧˮҰеһ̣Ǽ䷿ű򿪡
߳վֻƳˮһۣо岻ؿʼ
Ŀֻ˾ζвײɱ
վߵİӣŵ֦ߵˮᵽվ֦εӡ
Ҳվһ̽۽Σڴ֮ǰÿһ밴վļƻߡ
㱩¶վĴڡ
վᣬᵽ·δڴ˴ֹ
ˮ̤ʱ֦ںֳһ͡
Ϊ˷ԭŮĸ鷢չ󰲲ûŮͬϯĹ涨
֦λʱһֱ硣
ֳʮʱ״Ԫʦ֮ʵʮ껹Ϊѧϰ֦ζǷĵĳݡ
Եϲʲô͵ʱĶʵֳ
ֳˣʮַ֦ζǫǫӵĶ塣
ã֦ٴֻʣ顣
˵ʱֻ֦ʮ꣬һ꣬ʮվ֦ﻹֻǸͬԳһġܵܡ
֦οֳʹ˾޴仯޷ı֦е
ǣԽôˣֳҲ
˼׼֦λûϵֳʳĵһ仰Ǻվйء
ҹֳ֪ļͣǰδȥǿҪºǫµǶʱ䡣
ҺԽ֦θտڣͼֳü
ֱŤˣֳ֦εĻ
뵽վ⼸յı֦ܶʶص˵ͷ
ֳβ¡
ֳĳ羴֮⣬֦κһСϸڡ
ϻ۵ܿ͸ࡣ
ֲáֳ˵ͷΪĵ𣿡
ǫֳҲ֪ǫϲ
֦κطеĿӣ̧ͷĴ硣
²Ϊ˰ֳָվ֤ǣҲΪһԼȱʧһּ䡣
磬ǫҪȢҵ𣿡֦˳ֳĻȥ
ֳֻ¶ãĵҪùȥϴͻ飬û뵽Ҳͦ
˸
ǫĹǰǷ֦̲ס²ۡ
ȻмĻλãǫϲۣô˼վ֮λ
վĿʲôҲվǻ֦Σ֮λ͸г⡣
֦ǣվϲĸվϲĶ
ˣ֦̲סܱȵվ죿
δֳЦ
û뵽ҼҲпϵһ죬ҲԽ
ȻֳĻδ꣬ͻȻʼԡ
磬ôˣ֦μֳһ̻ڴЦʱȴھҵزһʱ֪Ǻá
ѵЦҲ̼
֦׷Īæǰֳ˳
ֹò͡û֦νӴֳֳ֪֣ߡ
֦Ҳûʳֻҵ˼ھլ洦ߡ
ˮ岢ûֱӸϣ֦βע⣬ϵʯӼ
֦βϰ֮ˣԿһʯӣˮע⵽ˡ
Ȼվ첻ֳ˵ȥ
ʯ˵󲻴󣬵˵֦λٷˡ
ʯ͵͵Уˮżȥ
ͬʱ֦
վڻֵﵽ85%
˿̣ڷֲԾ֮
ϵͳشʱ;ò죬ʱûж룬Ϊʺڻֵֻϵͳڻش⡣
ھʶһ¡
վڸϵͳ̽⵽ĺڻֵ                        
лҪ˵ܾԺ֦δվĻ￴ˡҹáһΡ
֦ΣϵͳȻң
ϵͳ飬/һ
֦Σֻ̫ˡ
ϵͳŶĮ

Ϊ˫һҪǰ֣Ȿ⼸ոQAQ
д3000ֵͷҪͺˣ

 30 

ǰʼ, ֦ξ;վǸڳ˵Ĵڡ
Ϊߣ֦ȻⱾǹ⻷, ദȷ֤֤վ⻷
ĽָǺøжʱ, ʹһ
ĳһ꿪ʼ, ƺۺʱεضܼ鵽վضĺøжȡ
Ҫ֪ڻֵͺøֵ趨һ, ̽ĿضķΧ
֮, ֦λһ¡
ӡ, վµĺøжȳڱ1%
һ˵, 1%ĺøжԶԶﲻϲĳ̶ȡ
֦̽վԱ˵ĺøжǰ, Լִеʮ
ֱһ, ֪վĳλŮĺøжΪֵ
, վԾŸŮĺøжȡ
һ, ȫΪֵ
վµ1%Եʮͻأ, Ҳ»Ϊվɰɡ
벻ƣϸûվ棬ϵͳܼʱطվݡ
Ժ, ʱʱվĳһ˵ĺøж, ̸ϰٷ֮ٵĳɹʣʮоŴϵͳֱӻشվ쵱¶ĺøжȡ
ⲻǹ⻷ʲô
һվǹ⻷Ӱ˺ڻֵļ⡣
վ죡㣡뵽⣬֦βسݶһ
ǵĹ⻷ǿҲ̫ƽˣ
й֦ŤͷԺӵķߡ
˿ûʶܾ

֦ͻȻʶھһֻȦ
ֳ̫Ĵֳ̼ദʱСĽ, Ҷԡ
֦βǸþӣլвסȥתһȦ
Ͼһꡣ
һҪ̤ϴŵżʱһӰ˳
ֹǰ
Ҫȥ䡣֦οŰһ˵ֻǵܡ
Ȼ·ûһ㣬ͽյ££
ȷ޷򿪺󣬰ٴתͷ֦ɻĿ⡣
ֹ겻ͬھǣزģɱߡ
⻰ȥѣ֦ܾð͸Īľ档
ҳȥ֦̽ʵ
΢΢صͷ
Ϊʲô֦ͼƹվŵλãȥƿš
һܰ
ֹִүָˣȻὫͻؾǡؿڡ
ǣҳȥ䲢ӰִĻָɣ֦κ
ֻ͸Ųӵζ
֦Ҫţ֦ˮʹ˸ɫ
ˮ⣬żһ㣬ƾվʧԭء
ҪţվҲլʱһˮĳֲûͣеĶ
վīɫĳű򿪵һ˲ůĹ⣬ȴղ
ǡˮص
ǰռƻɡվû̧ͷһʡ
ˮ뿪ǰ̲סһվĻ
Ȼİ֮ˡ
ҪǱ۾
Ǻ֦Ĳͬ۾
ϧǣˮ岢ûпվ컭ĵ׸˭
ֻǣվٳٲԸһʡ

ˮȻػص֦ε
һʱѹ֦λԭغͰۡ
ƾʲôҳȥվ죬Һûɻ飡Ҳܲң
Ǳɣҳȥ
бվңֲǷˣҹʲô˼
ϸ֦εڱԹ
ҲΪ̫ûк֦ҲزסԼС
ǰ˿İվ졣
Ƣ˳ס
С㣬ִүˮͻȻ˰ľ
ֳ֦֣أػͷȻˣҸٳŰɡ
ԣϵıû˿ı仯ȴֹֻҲ޷뿪ˡ
֦κˮ߽ʱֳһںҩ
磬ҩȥÿ࡭һҩ֦ξʱײʣ̲סü
˵ҩζƺŹ
Խ˵ҩڰһֳָЦЦɫԺࡣ
ҩЧ֦αѸٵؽĿҩƿ
ֳ֪Լʮҩζԥһҩ֭ðӸϽȥ
磬ˮ˵ҡ֦εֳмظ˻
ǣҽֳͻȻɫһݣ֦εҲ
ָˣ
֦λûüϲõķӦһ仰ֱ֦δʧɫ
ǰԽȥ
һ£֦ʮꡣ
ǵڻ˺¡
ҪǣΪǻ
ֳ˵ǰգ
硭ڶ󣿡δֳ˵֦꣬βŴ
ʮˡֳþ㵵ı飬ϲԾشɫ´οɱô嶯ˣԽԣȻ׸Ǻá
ϣ֦͵վ
ֳûлָ䣬仹ڵˡ
һӵꡣ
ǣôˣֳ֦ηľٶǰס
ôǻ
ôƫƫȱʧļ䡣
ˮֳһס֦Ρ
С㣬ҪطϢ𣿡
֦βֱֳеĨɣûμ䣬˵һ仰пֳܴ̼
ѡӱܡ
磬ͻȻе㲻֦δǰʲãʱЩСëֳӦû⡣
ܱӲϻҪá
ȻطϢɡõɫԣֳû׷ʡ
ʱɻشϵ֦ñסԼ
ˮ壬ȳȥҪԾһ
̫ˣɵһĵ޷˵Լɺϡ
ǡˮ˳ȥȴûдš
ڱ֦β֪վ˽
ŵ˿ƮģϤζ
ոŵǹҩζŵ㡣
⵽վڻֵо޴󲨶
֦еϵͳͷһӿ١
ȴһ
վ·һᣬο֦κʧȥʶ
һ㻹ǻش𲻳վظ֦νյ˫ۣȪ䣵ɤһתΪ͵ĴҪ֦û
ʹʧա

֦֪Լˡ
صǷͬΡ
ȻЩδ඼Ĺȥͯʱ˵Ļ䡣
ӿȫ֦ͬβɵڴ
ǣŵĻǸաе½Ҳһᡣ
ޣá֪Щʲô
Ʈڿе֦ξҲǵʱ˼¡
οԼһΪ²Ҫ
Դ֦ηּвȱʧȻҲԳȥÿһ£ƶǵô󲿷ֵ¡
ֻǰһ졭
δ֦ϸ룬;һĪѹȸУƵòۡ
ʱһԡ
ֻս㱡΢ǣŵĻǸա
лҪ˵P.S.ָ߽ⷶΧ
ĳҲû⻷:)
ܼԭǡ
ȿȿȿȿȿ

˫У
һë׵İ׻ˣquq

 31 

֦һ˲ס
εʱԹߵӽ, ȥԼȥĹ¡
ܣฮĳ䡣
ٺһ
뵽һԵ»ڵĻش, ֦ջƮ˼
, á֦ǰס, , վأǲҲڸУ
ξ, վûе֡
, ²ͷá
֦οµ, ֻ˵, ǲǺԽֱŤˣ
ʶ
֦ҧҧָ, ܵξӰ, ķӦ޷ʵͬ
벻ʱǰ¡
ûа֦εļٺվֲ, ôֱŤ
վƢܺ, ҲǲСڵӡ
ֻߴһЦ֦ξⲢƽʱЦ
Χûˡ
Խ˵⣬ϡ֦ɻ¿һ⡣
ޡ֦εͷ, Ҫ, ȵȣʲô°
ڻµתֻ֦õУǲǵ𣿡
ǵã֦κԥطʣ㣬ʲôѽ
ȱʧľλ, ˵ܸʾ
ʱͻȻû
㣿֦λ׷ʣȴǰĻģ
һѣδ̲סֱۡ
ǡͷĿѣ䣬ߴϤ
վ죿
֦۾վĶ棬һϮ£üĿ´
֮ǰķ
½أ֦λںôһת۵ĹͲټ
վЦЦؿһãȻ֦Ρ
ȥ̫ˣֻ
ޡո½˵꣬ǵͣٻظɣ֦κشսվôо㡭
ͬʱ֦ʵϵͳվڵĺڻֵǶ٣
ϵͳٳûдش
ûȵе֦βŷӦǰĻָӦǺøжȡ
ϵͳվҵĺøжǶ٣
ˡ
ϵͳûлش
֦ܾﲻԡ
֦νŽûվ˲Ⱦ𺡣
ʲô
𲻿׽ĸо֦Ȼǰ
ûʲô㳤ÿ֦ԥƬ̣û˵ﻰ
ɻǰܼ֮¡
ǵǰļ
֦ξξʵĿ£ŵվǹɵ㡣
Σ֦ʶЩվòû̫ı仯
Ȼǲһ귢£ǰվ쿴ʮ졣
ǰվ쵱ӭZУԸֵҪôڡ
֪ϲԼֵҲǼ¡
ǣ¼ңûб˵ˣ
δ֦ξվ߾֮ǰ࣬żǵĹƻС
ΪΡ
վ죬һĪļ¶
ɻ⼸յ֦һ
ûʲô˵ġ
䣬֦ηվĿƺԼ۾ϡ
ػȥվȻȾһڡ
վ죬һ㶼¡
ʵʵվ죬Ҳûôˡ
µվڻȻ󡭡
ûУվһ飬ԲĲͷ㻹ǵӦҵ𣿡
Ӧվ£
ļ£֦Щɣȷһꡣ
Ԥϵǰ֮˴վЦת׼뿪
þûеȵվ֦ξЩ졣
վ컹ǰȲվ˵ʶȿ˿ڣôˣ죿
ǰֻһ˻վ죬Ҽ֪ƺ
ŴԣվȥĽŲһ١
ͷƳŮлһƬɡ
үԱߵˮվϱδ䣬ڲ
վ쿿סſסΡ
ιҩɣģµ֮ǰǵñ
վɨڴߣ˫ۿն֦ΣǵЦⲻɵؼЩ

վڻֵ65%ٽ
գ֦θеʾ
δϸ룬еڼ
ɶ0.003%ڵɶΪ50.03%
ʮǰʼϵͳÿ϶ֵͬһ¡
ôһվĺڻֵôࡣ
ǵһĺڻֵ70%ڸߡ
ĪǻؿӰվĺڻֵ
ԼǾûκ塣
ʵĴڸӰ첻վĺڻֵ
뵽⣬֦һ˿겻
ϳΪվԵʣֻǴӰ顣
ʱԺֳǹĽ
ǣ𣿡
ˡ˵ڻðָ䡣
Լļ䡭
˯û𣿡ֳ֦ɫ㲣Ļǵǡ
˯ͦõģҹһ˸Ρ֦θ˵εݣǼֻһƬհס
ô£
֦ͷоԾ
벻Ǻʱ˯µģֻǵֳֵ֪ܾ꣬ͻݡ
ٺͶƬ
ɻãֳ֦Ȼĵʵ
Ӧεˡ֦βֳģٵؽַ£Ȼΰصͷ
ֳŮ
ԽǺͺˣֳЦЦʵǰҾ;á
ֹ̸䣬ֳ֪ʱվ˸ˡ
ôˣ֦ο
Ƿֲ˵ǲŲŵǸ
˵һûģ֦Ȼ
վ
׼һ£ؾǡ
ô죿ִûָ֦̾˿
ֳƺԽԽأһĪչ
ֹү˵С㣬Ҳ˷ʱ䣬Ѿ˽İ취վķԸһһ۵ظ
ޡվأ֦βվΪֳĻָҵ˰취ͲҪԼ
ʲôԭʹվĺڻֵôࡣ
ү˵ھǵ
ޡ֦ԭ鶯𽥱ð޹⡣
վ컹ֻᡣ

֮У֦ôҴңû뵽뿪ʱִ١
ֳ
֦λֳ
ʧ飬Ƿʱֳһš
һ֦ζֳС
һ˵ʱٴ򿪡
ʱˮ岻֦Ȳ˳
ֽ̯֦ο˴Ծп
һĿʮеضȥŵָ£
ֳ˵¡
һվ죬һڷ


 32 

С㣿֦Ŵ, ػһ
֦ûлӦ
кϵͳԻ
ϵͳ㲻˵վĺڻֵֻ65%ôЦЦˣ

֦λصǵĵ졣
ʱǰ, ճȥӸ
Ȼֱ˫̥֮һ⡣
ֹ, ذ, ү
˵˻ģ֦εǰ֮, Լ˵
վ֦εһص, ֦ûվһ档
ǻؾĵһ, ֦ξȥӸվ, ֪վ²ڸ
, ֦ζûܼվ졣
Ϊվ
ֱ, ¹, վҪ˻, ֦βʶվĲ
ֹ, 
ȥվ죬ұҪȻҾͲˣ֦δϰӵĻأӸſڶ

ſڣվ, лް
ǡ
Ļػ, վȴû顣
һʱȥˣⱾֻ˼ҳ
վû˷ԸѵҪӱġ
֪ΪΣϣֹӮ
ֹ˰ʱվ챡
ֹﻹſڡһӹ
ɡ˵⻰ʱ, վڲ
⽥ĽŲվۡ
ʱûκ
ֹ˵Ļ
֪֦νźվĶ£½תˣ˵Ļ˵ˣҪ˵Ļ㻹û
Ŀ⣬֦ҲΡ
Լһ裬ŵҲͬ˻顣
Ϊʲôվ֦еĲ豭
˵£ƾʲôһ֦ڸãֻźȲ裬ûվ㡣
޸ңվԴɳơ
̧֦ͷվ졣
Ǹ̫ɹһʱˣĿȥѡ
Һµ¶Ȳ߲ͣȻҪվҲŸ
ǣӵ¡ĽѾãͳȫСŮӰɡ˵⣬֦οվǺطЦ⣬˶٣̶𣿡
šǼ䣬վĻʧ
쵽ոһ˲ǳЦ·֦εĴ
վ⸱Įģ֦ܣȴóЦݡ
ӵ£ҡ
ͬˡվ䲻ض֦ε˫ۡ
֦û뵽վת侹֮죬㲻˻ˣ
šվҲϵĲ豭һڡ
ޡáˡ֦μվֱб飬ԼĿѴﵽʹ뿪
Ҹˡ֦εıӰվ˵һ䡣
Ȼ㲻뿪Ǿһֱҡ
ˡ֦һ˻ںȲվ죬Ĳ
ʹºվɤô
š豭סվߵЦ

С㣬ҪĻˡ
ޡ֦תͷϵһ
ʱ˽
С㻹ڶүĻӣʵ
ɲǡ뷽跨һӡ˶٣ΪСΪ˴ʱ䣬ڿ
֦ζѾã¶Ϊ鷳弸ˡ
˽֦ǰҲýС
ԺѾ߼֦ûС͵˵ҪѰף֦α͸ѾߵȻš
˷Ҳ֪ǲϱĸ
ⷬûд֦ζС
ȻᷴʹฮСδʮ棬ԡ

֦νĻ£֪վϱʲô̯ô
С㣬дҲһġ֦һ̲סѡ
ԼСΪδȥԲƽҲһǼ¡
ɻϾһ֮ĻҲվĸ֦μʹٶԹԣҲ޷ıվĴ
ο֦λδ޽ȥͶԳвΪ
ԽֻȰ֦ηſġ
ǰС㣬˵ҪүͶһЩҲ͵
֦ȴŰ㣬ԹԵؼ˵ţվһҲΪɡ
һۣ˶Է
С㣬ɻã嵣ǵ֦Ρ
ǰ֦޶ʧ١
˽壬ةฮֻϷ˺˹Ĵ¡
ةֲñ٣˵аš
嵣˺üգڵȵ˴صϢ
֦£ֻڼԸвʣԴˮһͬȥɢġ
û¡֦ҡҡͷ
ǰվΪδҵӺֳˣʱ֮еʵĿġ
Ȼ֦Լ´ڲ֮ȫվ춼ûгֹ֤ԼǵҲ֮
ֽīζ֦뿪ǰֳǷš
ᵽվΪ˸ֳǰƣֳҶվ˼м
ֳ֦ĻŲɣһֱ֪վʼߡ
ͬʱֳᵽһ¡
żȻ֪վ죬˳ȥ
ⲻǷһζվ¶֣վȴŴζΪġ
ֳû鵽ҪվԵɡ
ֻڽβ˵Ҳ֪ԽϷмʤ㡣дŵԭֻһǣԽΨһ㡣
ȥˣ֦Ժﻹ֡
Ψһ㡱
ǵɾҵˡ
ϵͳȷҲͿԶһ񣿡֦ϵͳȷһ顣
ǵġϵͳص
֦δ󣬾һ²⡣
йǵ£ؿӰվĺڻֵ
վߣĺڻֵв
οû¶Լǵ¡
֦β֪վͷʲôޣվ䡣
һУŻη塣
֦ǰ᳹
ˣҲΪվİʯ
ϵͳ˵ô𣿡
δϵͳش֦ξҡҡͷ
۶Բԣһʱ⣬վߡ


 33 

ǵǷúҶԶ, Ȼվ쵲¶ǰ
ȷ
Ү֦л
ô, Ӧ״εõ
ϵͳٴ, Ҫһ, ˵Ĵ𰸡
֦ϵЦһ, ϵͳ, ֿң
㻹ǵƶ𣿡ϵͳػص
ǲ࡭̽վĵĿ־塣֦Ĭ, վĵĿ־壿

վĵĿ־壿ѵ𣿡ֽ֦, ɢذſϡ
ҹ, ش, ϵͳȴ˵
ȻվĵĿ־壿
뿪֮ǰ̹ԼǵŽվ, ڿƺûҪˡ
֦ζٸķ, ͵ؽųһ, һߡ
÷վﵽʲô
ôͿ͸
ʱ⴫һè
֦εע˲䱻ߡ
ѭ׷ԺƼֻСèڲݴ
֦εĽŲèͷһ, Ȼԥسһȥ
С, ȵҡüյ֦Σèġ
ʱڲݴûܿ´ӲԶ
֦ҽˡ
¼֦ηŴţ㾶ֱڡ
ȴֿһˡ
תŵǲȵʲô, һ£Щ
֦Ǵġ̾ڵϵֽš
ֽ//Լ¶˳
Ƴֽϵּ
ôܣ
ľؽֽƽϤּ
ǡǵ⡣
ֽٴţطϣȻȥ
һߵ֦Ҳèʧ顣
һҪ֮ǰ¡
ˡ
˼һ֦νϵֽƽ
ϾѪдţֱ˺̫˷ѡ
˳Ȼĺá
֦ջǰŷŻϻӡ

Խ鲽Ӹ
վһ£ִڰӣ塣
㡣Сɫ죬Уǲп̥ǣ
ϣվִӵûͣ¡
˭ģ
㲻˰֦Ļ飡˼Ӳû˵һĻ
֦û˵վӣ̧ͷߴЦصһˣһȢġ
㡭¶վ˫ۣһ
վ졣
ǻʱαװӡ
ʱ˷ҵϣ̫Ӳģ˵Ǳյýͷöվĵһӡ
˿ҪĲǳﱸ¡
վεݣϽɻԶڱ߽ɣ˵йӰ׵
ֵС
վüԼĶġ
¿
֮ǰǶһ䡣
Խ֦ڸҲƵûţ㡣Ҳ֪ϲ񡣡
šվ黹ǵģӵٶȴԶ׼Щ
߳Ӹվٴοڡ
ˮһˡ

ϵͳ

Ӱ֦˯ʱڡ
ϵͳ֪һ㣬ڼ⵽վڻֵʱǵװװӡ
⵽վڻֵΪ62%
ݣվ첢ûֱ򴲱ߡ
һ֦סķ䡣
ֻɨһڵĳ裬ͰĿױ̨
ˮ˵֦νҪȥϳǵĶһϻС
۵
վϻӣȴûװһ߰Ķ
򿪵˲䣬кüε̨ϡ
ͬʱϴĶ
վɫһ
ͷһ֦߱ӡ
ôˣëûĵվ̾Ϣһҷֱߵϻӡ
߹ȥϸҴãԱ֤֦ҹҲ߲ӡ
ָŮʱվƬ̣׻ǽ˻
ĿͶϻӡ
ȻϻλһֽֽϻԶ׼塣
ɫվչֽ
ּ΢΢ʹۡ
ŵݸϷ˲ĺ졣
֤Ҿǡһܣһ֪վ죬󱳿ʵĵطһɫ̥ǡ

վ죬һ磬֦ξӸ
ҹ¸˵ʵ¿ȥӸվ졣
æ֦κվ֮¡
֦⻰ʱ쳣
£̫ƽˡ
֮ǰ֦ξģ±֡
ȥվֻ˵˼仰뿪ˡ
´ڻͿ˳ضһ
ôã̤ŵ˲䣬վ˶
һ̧ͷ֦ײվЦ
վһЦֻ֦С¹ײ
ϵϵͳվڻֵ
60%̫ˣ
֦ȴν
ֲվڻֵ͵ԭ
Խ㿴ȥҲ֦գ۾緹𣿡
˵꣬ʳаϡ
ûСվһƽҡҡͷ
ʵϣةฮֻСʱˡ
˵֦ôĳ˵ӣڶͻԼ
һֱڵȡ
վ֦һͬʳĲɫڵϡ
ʱվ߶߶Ρ
ԽҸ˵⼸նƻˡ
Ϊ˴ʱ䣬Ҷ˽ٱĻӡ
ˣִôˣ
վ֦˵ݣֻ˵
վ죬أ֦μվͷȥ
һתĽǶվ۽µ롣
֪ľ˴ӻĻ
Źվǰӡ֤ĸ֡
뵽ԺԼҲҪ뿪֦ûٸֱվ۾
˵ʲôվЦЦŷ˶
󲻴֦β֪վЦۡ
ִôˡ֦Сظһ顣
˻ûҵؾҲꡣվߡ
뵽ʲôĿӹ֦ΣԶɴһŮľȡ
״̬Ѿöˡ
ԣ֦λع
ʵʺֳǲǷ
ֳ˵Ϊ׷վ֮¶
תһ룬ʳڣмվ˼ˡ
Ȩ֮£֦ξּĬ
Բ𣬴硣
ҴӦԼ뿪ǰҪվõġ
Ҳܳ
֦ĬĬֳǸ

̫µʱ֦β̾վദʱǹúܿ졣
ֻǺһ˼ٷ˼壬˼仨վ͹ȥ
Խ𣿡֦ڴʵ
⼸նڸСվӳ֦εӰȴƵؽ
ޣһ⣬ϲʲôɫǰ֦һ¡
֦ϲõСѣվ̲ס˵ʵ
ϲɫ
վָ֦ξͶԳฮķȥ
һƵߣһ߻
ôϲǺɫѽһΪϲɫأյʱԸɿ⡣ɫʲôǺɫġ


 34 

һ, Ӹ
еվڵˡ
Ķ, ƳһϽվֵ, ȴûκͣ
ˮ崫ֽ˵ֹæ
, վ̧ͷŰڿеϦ, Цһ
æ
ǡ˵ͷ
, ûٿڡ
˫̥粻ͬ, ǸľԴ
ԸΪİӱɳȥ, °վǲ
ˮûдæʲôվü, һ˿á
үΪλ֦ġ
Ѿ̽˺ü, Ǹˡ
ү˵û˻֦λô

վ컹ڵȰġ
ҪΪǱߴ, ܴ⡣
Ȼȥฮˡ
뵽, վɫʧ
, ֻһ
ˣ뿪Ӹʱظ֤Ҳ

һ, ฮ
ڳɹˣ֦λͷشСͷ, ȻһԲεı״ʳ
ǳһںĿתԱߵˮ壬˼ЦЦ
ˮ壬ʣˡ
֮ǰʧܵĴ̫࣬嶼ҽ뿪
ʵǲٳ
֦ξΪŴûп䣬Ȼʳôܻ᲻óԡ
, վԵĶû˵һ䲻õĻ
һĵȻеĲ̫һҺζȥ
¾Ĺ˳Բߡ
վʮգ֦β¡
һա
ԭŮɻ飬Ϳԡ
֦û롣
һ΢ЦϰԵغе뷨
ˮ壿
С㣬ʱչˮûͷûԵһ䡣
ʱ֦ζԹŴʱ䲢УҪһФ㣬ʱ
õ𰸵֦κ˫ۡ
Ʒ⽻ˮ󼱴Ҵҵܡ
ˮ壬ʰһ£ˣ
֦ȥŵ·ʱ²
֦ˣȥĶ
ȥվ죡֦ι˲ú½̸½㣬ǵðҡ
û֦εĺ󻰡
ҲȻҲûд֦εĶС
ɡ죬Ҫˡ

⵽վڻֵΪ70%
֦ӸԶĹսǴϢ
ʱ˫ֱ
Ǳվڻֵŵûʱˡ
ϿңȲһľĸо
ͺһ״ϡ
¡¡
ʱʵ֦ŵ𱾸˫Ӹ塣
վ죡ţվ죡
վϴţ뿪ֱ䡣
תţδڡ
¡¡
֦εļվ쿪ŵһ
Żδȫ򿪣Ůͼ͵˽Ȼײվϡ
򡭡֦εСǾֵ飬ˣ
վ첻ɫطΪ֦§ɫδ䣬˲ײĺ⣬ʲôµģ
ֻһ죬˫ȴʶץס
վ찵̾һ
ܲƣ֦
֦λδعֻе
Ҫˣݡվ˳֦ɢڶʵķ˿
ޡ걻ȥǵ֦վڲǣŽݡ

֦ν豭Ĵ¶ȣôͻȻ±أ
һֱмƮš
ǰ֪´׵£Ϊղ
վ֦οǳԸȥˡ
֦κתͷ˵䷹Ҳ̫˼´Ҳ¶һ֡
Ŵԣվһ١
ûԤеĻش֦Ҳò졣
վ컳ĳպϾڵû
ʵ֦ǲóԡ
ֻϵʱҲ̲סżǡ
վͼζ
ֻǺϰǰ˸Ҳûǰǰ㿹ʳˡ
ò˵ϰֿµĶ
ΪղˡվԴһ⡣
֦εͷܹվߡ
СһѾʱˡ
ܸվ죬ڸ׼յ
νҪľǾϲ
š
վû׷ʣ֦͵͵һ
ȻմӦġ
ʶվ쿪ʼдӦ£
һʼΪӭZУö֮ͱϰߡ
ٺڣ˵Ҫá
ˣأ֦¡
վɫһǳЦ
ϸֻèӶˡ
ޣҵ°°ڻɡ֦վĻ
ֻèǼǰฮСè
Ҳǵãվ츴ԭİӺ޲֦˰Ρ
šվ콫װӵƵ֦ǰҵǲ֣֦ɡ
ϵͳǰô֪վҲôã֦ԺϵͳԻ
ܲܵվΪǰδ㡣
ûֵ£ֲֹһ
ҲǣǰֻŹעºӭZĸˡ
ֻǣվֻ˽ֳһ档
ӰɡվдĹ⡣
֦ζģӡ
ʱһӡ
ֻ֦ӵٶ̫
㹻ġ

Ӯ֦һ֮ǰ˵ӮĻӦһҪ󡣡
šվ֦ϱı仯
Կһ˵Ը
ʱֻΪһɱ֡
֦ε⡣
ʱӮվ֦ΰҡ
ʵǶʱоִֵ·
֦εΧүү̵ġ
վ壬̵ġ
ԽԽѵʤ
ǡҺȼ֦δ˻̽̽վĵĿ־塣
Ȼ֪վΣԼġ
ɫվĿ껹ûͣµơ
˶٣֦Ҹﶺһ
֦֪ӸﲻҲû޹
ο⿴վڶơ
֮ǰ½˵ˣġ
ǺáվЦģʲôƣ
ʲôԡ֦λ˸Цݡ
վƣ֦գŴ۾Ůӣʤܲˮơ
ǶԼģԼ
Ȼһۺվƫͷ
ãȥþơ
ȻʮƹȥվлһƬ
֦ζžƺ
ѵƲˣ
֦Ҳһվº糣֦βܾ̾

վ콫֦αϡ
֦ϵĺΣĴռơ
βܹҡ
ϣվȥ
ȵ֦εĴߡ
ܵϤϢŮʶز˲΢΢һı
Ǿվ촽ǳɫ
Ϊֹǰϻһۡ
һ˻һǡ
ӡ
ʮաǵĴ֮ա                        
лҪ˵Сʹ520֣

 35 

֦ʱ, ֻڸ
ԺƾŸо, Լ衣
⵽վڻֵΪ60%
ˣ
кͶͬʱ
֦Ȼ̧ͷ
ҷʲôǵͷһ·, ȻָŶվ, 㡭㣡
վ, ס֦εʳָ
Ӹ
ָ⴫, ֦һ˹
վǵЦ⡣
, ˡ֦λ˻Դ, ҹ
ҹ, վơ
, ȴԼ
е㶪ˡ
뵽, ֦ο豭
еʡ
, վ쵥, ֦ε˲衣
ˮ֦εעȴվָֻס
֪վƲӣֵֹġ
ˣ֦վس, ̫ǶմϢ, Ҫǰ
ʲôǡ½㲻ҪΪǷɥ𣿡֦γһղ豭ֶڲмβ车ߡ
ƺΪ֦εķӦ̫ңվüͷһ塣
ˣʵش⡣
̫ӺͶìܲϣհ½붫, Դ
ʮַӭZԸ
׼ȷ˵֦ξô󲿷Ƶ£Ϊ˱Լˣһģһѡ
վ£ʲôľ
ֲ𰸡
վ죬ͱ˲̫һ
½㣬Ҳͬ𣿡֦δ˿²ҪӦҪĴȴʵۡ
ͬˡվĮƺ⣬ѡƵգӦþˡ
δ֦ξԺͷڷڣһʱ֮䶼ûϻ
ʱֻʣˡ
ϵͳô֦飬ֻϵͳʡ
Ϊһʱġ
㻹ǵԭºӭZĴʱ𣿡
֦һ㶡
ԭ飿
Ϊʲôԭʱߣð˲ߵͷʱһֿʼص졣
ôˣѵ뿴ǳɻ𣿡վᣬȴ⣬·Ҫ׳ǰŮ˵ĵ׵ܡ
ûʲô֦ҡҡͷ
ǰΪŬʮꡣ
Ӧÿĵġ
½ҵҸҵȻеˡ
ϣ֦εֿЦ
ƺڻӦվɣֺ˵Լ
Ц̫䱻վ쿴ߣæ豭һڡ
ţǾͺá֦沿ı仯վ΢΢һЦӵҲ֮ͣס
֦֪վСеϰߡ
ǡ
Խ㡭
֦ùͻฮɣһҹδˡվĻͬʱӹ֦ηµĲ豭
˵ⲻ˻һ
֦εĻŲ£ȴڴһ˲䱻վеıɡ
ޡ֦γ֣ش˴ꡣ
վ챳ȥһ̣ĺ
ǰֺô䡣

ˣվӸſڣ֦ƫͷֶĳˡ
šվë΢˿еʵ
ҿţ֦жʾš
ȻվӵݣҲ޷ڸĻѪͳ
Ӹһһľһǽһߣǰչƶ衣
ϵŶȻǸеһŶ١
̫ˣƲ
֦βվỳСϷ
Ȼžֱ˹ȥ
̶֡
Ǽ䣬֦Ƶվۼֿץס
ôˣ
СʱһֱΪվƲӡ
ŷվȻ֣Ⲣֲ
͡дʱվȷ֣ƽ£ϸһֻ
һƵʹʱ֦ξ;Щ졣
վĵһӦ֦β֪ĶһɾӲǿסȻ䷭˹
֦οһѪ߸վм·ϣǽĺۼ
ʱ˵ġվ
ֻ⿴ͨĲˣǡ
֦ͣ˼
бȥԭҪ¡
㶼ˣô֪úչԼ뵽⣬֦һɸֵŲ֪ۣȥҩҰ
ԣվ췴һɨеĲЦ
ǾҪɻˣԺչҡ
֦վߣϵЦݣ̲סֹô£ˣȻЦЦôġ
ķҡ
ˣ֦Сظվҩϸƺϸ˳ϵ˸ᡣ
Ҫ֪֪Ҹ˵֦һ˵ţһ̧ͷ
ͷ̧˲䣬վԼϡ
׼ȷ˵۾ϡ
ع񣬼ʱѡҸ˵ٴΡ˻ȥ
һ˵˻
֮ǰ֦λгԼǵ뷨
ԭŮɻǰһ£ȥ롣
Ҹ˵ȥˣûмʱ֣˺صӰ졣
ⲻ˵ѡ
ĳ˵ǰôеġ
áվͷڣҰ
ü˳۵֦λʱǸꡣ
ľܾ
ʹõĲʾ䣬ȻӦ
һչġ

֦һվ˴ǰ
·Сġվ쿴֦εƿţȻָ󣬲תȥ
վ֦εıվΰûж
ֻһƬΪӿ
ϵʵûôۡ
֦εҲֲʹ
̰

֦λظһ¾ȥ¡
½㣬˵ҸЦӳ֦εͣһ
ֱԴɻĿ֦βŽŷŵĻ½㣬ף̫ӵ°ͷϡ
ԽҲͷϵġ
֦Ƿĵף
ǰûаǵĴһӳ١
ǲ
½㣬ʵҡ֦ҧҧһߵı飬ˡ
˵һ룬֦Ժлվ֡
˵ȥˡ
ֻģģһˡ֡
Ϊ֦λڽ⼸ǰվ˻¡
֦Խ˵Һ̫ҲΡսţԽվ̫һ߶ܵǣĴΣҲǲŻ˻¡
ǡ֦Ҳ֪Լ˵Щʲô
֦Խ̾һҺ֪ĺܰ㡣
֦ﷴվ찮ſǵ
˵ʵǣޱ
ƫƫǡ
ϣ֦շת࣬ȥ˯š
ϵͳ˵վ᲻ᷢҾˣ
أϵͳʵ
ҵ̬ȸ֮ǰԱûԵı仯֦ζڱҧָһֱᰡ
ǰϼ֡
ҪڵĽָǺøжȾͺˡ
ֱһվǺ֦εĺøжȾܵõ𰸡
У֦һƿӣ͵ҵ취̽һ


 36 

ʱ, ƽ޹ʵؾһ硣
ʧȥ˱ӵıе֦βɵ˱
̽վ, ôӳ顣ѺͶվ֪, ϵͳ˵Բԣ
Ȼϵͳûдش
ϵͳظƵԽԽ, ΪʱѾˡ
֦βٶ, ۾
ٴ˯ʱ, ԺͻȻ𡰶һ
ϵͳ, ô£
ϵͳϵͳ
ô¡ϵͳ㿨ˣ
, ֹסϮ, ֦δ˸Ƿ
ǵϵͳٸʾ, Ȱϸá
, վ֪, Ǳͬһˡ

齫, ŻϵĲֺϷ˵İţ֦κվֻȳɻһյĵ
գճӸ塣
֦β֪ڼΣװƳվĲʱ, ڿѡ
֦
֪֪Ŀȴ󷽷ضˡ
ո˵ġ֦γٳûеȵϵͳ, ֻǰ֮ˣػϳǵǰˣ
ϳǡʱվɿ˿壬֦νȴ͡
ţǻɣվͳػϡ
ϸ֮, żá
ʮ֦֪ȥһˣٿӱޣҲûһࡣ
·ϹաֻҪߣĹһ
֦ε뷨վĴྶͥ
һա
·;ңԶмҲԶ
пΪ˸·վͲȥ¡
Ϊʲôôżػϣ֦μǵվǹղ뿪ǵģʱķӦǾȡ
µĻʣѵΪ̫ӺͶӵˣ
ǰɡվɫ΢䣬ж˼׽ңҸ϶Ҳ㡣
ң֦ζԻûһ˿һĺøС
ݻ˵վĸȥһ꣬ҡ
վ첻ܣȫûоһ׺ɷΡ
ϵͳֹ֪վȨʱһ
ֻǣվ˱Ȩ¡
뵽⣬ֻ֦ԼһʼĲ²⡣
վеľٶΪȨ
ĪĵĿ־ǻ
Խĸʲôһˣ֦εһվס
ǰվἰȥ̽վ
һΪǫһᣬǹҪҿ˿ڡ
ҪǣվӰʲôˡ
Ȼվгơ
֦͵͵شںվϵ顣
Ȼճڣ֦ξͺˡ
վԭٵһ˲Ⱦ˰ɫһ̲Ȫī֭ȥ
˵Ҫãʹ
㲻ش𡭡֦ηŵֻȻؽһ
Ҹվȴ˻Ӽ
ϣ˴ٶԡ
Ӽ
ֻ֦ʮ⡣
ȥ棬ûе͸ĵط
벻ԳΪվ߱ɡ
ɵ֦μվҲٵת˻⡣
ȡԣȻͣһĵİɡ
áվȵĽëһʲô
֦εת̫ͻأյľٶһֱܷ
ԽΪʲôôã֦εЩȣɫڲԾ𽥷졣
ʹ̽ĿģܸоԼΪʲôϲ
ֻվһģĻȡ
֦βɵʣվĺڻֵǶ٣
ϵͳûзӦ
ҹڣϵͳûлعĻ
ѵΪ˵Ҫ̽վ죿
֦ҧҧ´
֦ˡվ̧µǿӣʤ
ôܣ֦εͷ̣㣬ҷģһ̣

ظ·ϡ
֦κ֪վǸ⣬ûеõ𰸡
Ϊʲôվӱ⣿
ûҪش⡣ԺеĻеȻ֣֪Ĵ𰸡
֦δ˴
ϵͳˣԣȥĶ
ԭ˾飬ϵͳҪ¾顣ٶǰһ㡣
ʲô¾飿֦κʡ
Ӧòйذɣ
ڼУʮվܼϡϵͳص
ʮգָ֦վɻĵڶաʵҡ
ľٶܻӰ顣ﾹ˵ĸ飬ҿǰ㣬Ľ־Ǽ޸վ졣
ϵͳԸ٣ܣ
ޡͬʱϵͳĻǸṩ˸ɡ
վɻǴ
ΪףΪվĲ
һ˲֦οغ˲úҪ뿪£ĽŲ

գ֦δõ嵰⵽Ӹ
ǣվ춢֦Ĳ壬ֿԵľ⣬ɼü
㣬յʱ͸㡣֦νϣ˵Ҫǰ뿪ǣ·ϲϲԾǰ㡣
˵ֲ꣬һ䡣
յ죬һ
šվֵ֦ĺȦ֪նû˯á
Ϊ⡣
δ⡣
лл㡣Ц۱ߵ붼
裬֦εϡ
վĺڻֵΪ55%
֦û뵽򵥵һվ쿪Ц
ڻֵһӵ5%
ӡܾöûվЦôѡ
Դ֦ܼվĺڻֵʼЦߣסʵ
ⲻ֪վԭǵ⣬͵ˡ
֦λظ
վ
ճһõ嵰⣬㻳֦ȥ¥͵ʦ
ϵõ֭õֵζһޣ𵽷塣
ʵϣʱվ켫õֵζûи߹ͬʳʱǳڡ
кظֳ֦εЦӯӯվ컺ҧµڶڡ
ʵʳҲûôʡ
촽ζһ
ƺеգǵζ
лҪ˵Ҫɻquq

 37 

, վ콫˵Ļ¶³ġ
֦ε֪³ǵĻʱ˼, ǵ󰲲һ˵, Ҳûзϡ
ǧڹ, վȴ˵Ҫѡӡ
һ, ֦η˻, һ۾Ϳӡ
ʮ, ˼Ȣ
Ҿǰһ, ǵһμ档
, ֦Ҫվ콻Լ뷨, ︺˻µˡ
С˴վ˵, ѻڶʮ塣
С˾һ, ѽӶ, Ҳʮ塣
˵գС̾һ䡣
ӵºĪϱӾʶˣĬ

ӹ÷ɿ죬Щ֦ζվһ
ǰ, ദ, Ӷת˲š
񣬾ոǵָһ˲
ǰһ죬ฮڡ
ڸ֦ᷢ
ŮӵӣЦ
֦ȥ˻Ϻ󣬼ǵóҪؾǿҲǵҪҺĸдš
½, һġУллҵչˡ
֦ε˵ͷڸԼŵ顣
ȻҪˣ޵Ķվ졣
һԽõġ
ԣµһ٣ڿЩʲô
֦мҪ㡣ԼĻȡһܷõż㣬дֽϣӦңٲ𡣡
飬֦֣µصͷ
ãҴӦ㡣
Ȼ¡ֳǰ·ˣڱ﷽ʽȴһģӿ̳ġ
ͬӦ˵£ҲΥ
ţֺ֦ȷ˱޵ˡ
գϷ飬Ȼ䷳ظһһΡ
֦Ѱۣ˯·ȥϡ
֦ϣԽ˴֮䲻ᡣ
ߴĶ̣֦ʶػ˸š
۷ʲô£Ϊáܰ㡣
˵֦꣬θ˱ӡ
ϷǰֳŴ齵ķ̾Ϣһ

һߵӸڡ
վڷſڵվ죬ҹա
գǵĴ飬Ҳʶĵʮꡭ
ս֡
ӵʹУŵĻ̼仯ΪС

ʮ壬ϴƲȾ
һ磬Ǿ;⾩Ϊһϡ
ǻȢף
ƣϻųˡ
ǿɲ˵Ǿ쵱˶
أҲʲôɰĴˡ
ɣ
ΪֲվЩھ֮ѵ÷ֻΪվλǳ£Եפر߽ӵʺⳡǰĹġ
Ӹฮ䣬ɫ޶·ʾһ˵ĸ鳤þãӲϡ
վҪߵӭ·Ҳʮޡ
õ廨ɢϡ
Щõ壬ǰɫģٵĻϻ¶ȻǸժġ
ӵԶ߿ֵİվ
쿴쿴ǾӰɣ
ӦǾ仰Ǹ˰Ĵڣ
˵ɣ
ǿϵվ죬һɫĹϲۣɫʢ˿ȴϻһЦݡ
ʱӭ׶鿪ʼͭǮ֮ϲ
֪λӵͭǮϰպһ䣺ףӵºúϣþá
˺ͷȻſֵһͬ
ףӵºúϣþá
վ˷΢΢һͣżϵЦݡ
֦˶ףǡ

ͬһʱ̣ฮС
֦ڰݱĸ
ĸ˵Ļߡ
ϷŮݣȴûüһ־Ҫ̤ȥϵ·
úӣȥɡϷȰ۷£ĸ֧㣬ฮһֱļҡ
¹ǣ֦ε֣ԽѾˡ
Ŵ˻֦һ
߰ɡ
ºͽĲ£֦δȥ
վ쿴ͷϲŮһһ
ڻԶĵطŲȵұߵĽš
ģ֦
վȷס֦Ρ
⡭ҵһγףû顣
վ˾ִٲ
ҲǵһΡվ˳ס֣ʮָۣȻȥ
Լֱվǣסһ˲䣬֦ξûôˡ
Ȼվַſϻεһ̣ԺﲻƵؿʼطǰƬ
ףӵºúϣþá
̧ĻϽ֣ǿʼһֵף
֦εӺͶ䲢ã̲סĬ
죬Ƕףҡ
ӸฮԶ֦ξ·߳һôʱ䡣
عΪǵһ
ˡͣվֹ֦νϲá
վھΨһĳǳ
̫ʦϴʱŵǳڰ˵Ļϳ˲
ϲԵָߺʱѵһأ
ݸã˶ͶԸ÷ֱϹ
޶԰ݣ֦κվת
µ֦Σͨ졣
һԵվ죬ǵȻ΢Ц
ֻڵ֣
ͬʱϹ
ϣ붴
վ컹дĿˣ֦ȱͽ˷
ʱȷţɺ󣬷һĶ
Ͼһ첻ҵվĵĿ־壬޷뿪硣
ȵҪʱٿǡ
ݺֻ֦ڴϾ˴Լʱ䡣
Űʱ˶
򵽵ϣ
ףôûأѵվˣ
ϲϣܿӵȫò
Ӻĵ¶ͷһۿ˷ϵĸ㡣
վѡĵطȻôԡ
ǰգվ˵붴ǰӦҪʱдԻ׼Եġ
û뵽վ쾹Ѹôϡ
Ϊѡεĵط紲¡
һĬûУ
˵ţ֦δ·һͲغõš
վɺٲš
ѾݹˣӦˡ
ɺƻûȡ
֦ɨϵľƱԥƬ̡
ֽŷŻ˻
ϵͳ죡
ϵͳڸ¾飬賿ʼʹá
֦㶣شȡһ㣬ҧһڡ
ڵȴʱ¿
ң֪Ҫȶá
ϵͳ˵Ҹô𣿡
и취õ֣żͿ𿪡
⣡һߡֻ߿飡ҡ֦ʧҧһĸ㡣
ǿأ
⻰֦δؿԼǿձҧһǵõ֡
ˡ
¥׼õ֣һÿﶼоſ顣
õվ׼ġ
ٵǿһйء
Ϊȡһ飬ڰ֦ǰһȷʵֻа˿顣
ƺվ˸
Ҳˡ֦ηõ֣óǷš                        
лҪ˵ҪͰѺƵĲְڽӴ֮quq
ԿǼܿϰײ̫һ
ps ±ⱾȡĬǵҪ


 38 

ŵһ˲, Ʈưпʱ֦εĿ
ݵһ̣֦ε͵ؾ
дұϷ, ǡ
ֽ֦һ, ͬʱǵص뷨ӿԺС
ǿ, ҲȸͷķӦ, ǵ˾ǵս¡
վ쵽ڸʲô¶һԼǵ¡
֦βվ֪ĵܡ
һֱýº, Ӱ˻վ졣
ɵܱ˷ʱ, ֿʼվ쾹ǵһֵˡ
Ȼµĸȷܺ, Ҳпǹ⻷, վ졭
֦βع, 벻͸Լԭ, Ǹеƽ
վ졣
˱, Ĭ֡
Ƭ̺, ٴۣͼѹʧ䡣
֦һõ֣ݺݵҧһڡ
վ죬˰˿õ
, »֮ҹ
ȵȣ»֮ҹ
ֲ»Լٲ, ϵ
뵽ԼѺվɻ飬֦ڽ˼
֪վΪǶͬ⽻ףȢƵԼٵ֪ʱı顣
ǣ֦ν¶
ŵǰƪóƪͿŵĳ´Ǳվǵİ⡣
֦ǳµı¡
ƪд, վС
Ｋط֦ͻȻ˲ԤС
Ȼ½ǣ֦˼֡
ǣм¡
תһ֦εġ⡱һ£
ʲô£ѵվʲôԲ£
ϵϵͳ֦غϵͳ
ڸ¡ϵͳѸٵػ֣ƫƫӿ٣ǰĻе䡣
֦ξһ
˵ʵվ߱¶ǿһɣ
˺ԭŮ˵վ죬ûʲôܽܵ¡
ˣ֦εһᣬŷ˹
ȻҵһŻŵֺش
Ҫһǣַɿסűֽ
ڱԼȥ
ǣ˵Ҳ̡ܲ
Ҳò㣬ںǳɱʵԽ̫Ӱŵġ
Ϊһʧ̫˽Ǯµˡ
Ե㵲Խǰʱ򣬾ܿ˷ӦһѾˡ
⣬֦ξñȻʪ͸
ϵϲأฮӸٵǰأ֦ζδһ˿⡣
ɴʱûƣ
վΪʲôҪô
ΪʲôҪһɱԼϷ
֦סֹסز֮ǰ֣Լµɡ
ǿԼȥΪƷĲ²⡣
ɡ
µԽ֪ǫҪûϴϢ
֦ε۾ģ
ӣձȨ佫֮עĳ֮Ůн
һ׹ֽϡ
ǣͿȢ㡣
ϵֱʪ
ⳡϷʵ֤˷˵޷ټλλӡ
īػ˿
ϣûˣҲû뵽Ϊһ
֦θϽĨĨ۽ǡ
ðĻ¡
ɶ֦ҲƲס
մõϣҲûͣ
˵֪ԼǺŴ̫Ӵ˽⵽ࡣ
֮ǣԲ
Щ̫ȷϱ˴˼㺣Ҳһ˽£˵ֹķⳡϷ˳ؽС
˳ؽУվΪԼΪһ
վھǵӣ˶ڮٺͲ֦ζ
Ҫ˵վĻǼٵģδֳһ˿һ
󣬻ٳûиӣ˵ĶҲ𽥼٣ض˼ּɵ
ǰ֦һֱֻҪػػϣλӣܰЩĵС˲ڽ¡
ʱվʲô
Ը
Ȼ⼴ָɵһ꣬ôľ
Ϊû
ûվİô񣬷Ϊ
ϵͳվĵĿ־壬ŸԼĴɱȴպҰɡ֦
Ȼⳡɱǵֱԭ
߸˵Һⳡɱǵֱԭ
Ȼվ졭
ƶɡϵͳڸ£ڷĽ顣
񡭡
ϵͳڿЦ𣿡֦ӡ
ĳһɶȴﵽ50%ÿɶ0.003%Ҳ˵Լ16790ڣʣµ50%
꣬Ҫٴ46꣬񡣡
վ죬Яֹ񡣡
֪Ϊǻʮ꣬ϵͳ˵վйء
˾ܱ֦Ѿ޳ˣԺһ˵λ
ѵһء
ֻǷӦٶֲۣɵ֦۾
ôҪ𣿲ûشңϵͳڸ¡Ҵ𰸡
˵Ǹ£ϵͳӸոյһֱġ
ģ֦λûס²һϵͳ
õҪĴ𰸣ſϣؿ
ϲӣÿ޵ġ
̲ס
֪˶ã֦ξͻȻ
֨һźرƿ
Ź⣬վһһ
ûΪϲڵĵһǡ
֦˭ˣ
վƳ֦۽Ǵᣬ΢΢ü
㡭֦ʡ
֪ӻ
Ƭ̼䣬⴫ɧ
ڸߺվ֡
֦ʶվǣ⡣
û룬յƱ
淢£Ⱥһºơ
ƹ·һߡ


 39 

վز׽֦εĻл
żһ, Ϊ˻뷨
֪ڵĵһ仰ǡ
һʱ֮, վԭ, Ī
, ʱ֦οվϵ顣
ǰŴɫϲ۵, ǳ費, ǸεıӰغϡ
, һ˷Ӧ
֦ǣվ, һյƱŵġ
վĬ, ͼ϶
Ҳһ˿һ⡣
֦ε۱߻żҡҡ׹Ứ, ȴ⡣
һ˲ǱĵѾõħϡ
áվսľƱ
Ǳ, ȴо̵¶ȴָ⴫
վĻӦ, ֦λ˻ơ
ִһֻùƱ, ųվ쿿
ҲΪſ̫ãľֻΪ֦αͲ֣Ʊֵһ˲, ֱ۲ܿƵض˶
ھƲû
Խ㣡ҲƲ, ʹ̫
֦վ˶
Ȼۣһ
һξ֦εĺվ˵һ䡣
ӣøĿˡ
֦գգ, ̵ػһ䡣
ĶⲻԾ˺죬ɼŮ¶
һվζ˶٣֦ӵ˻С
˵ƣ֦οĸɫ
еóԸ㣬ҲС򯾴
һΡ
Σ
֦λδϸ룬ͻȻԼʶѣǰվӶģ
ҡ
û֦ü˵仰վʹ
֦˵һġ
ŮԼĻ˯ȥվҲۡ
ͬʱͷϿһǡ
ֱӵվŻ̧ͷ
үӵ˿Ҫˡ
ʱֻʣº塣
ү֡ӲվѪҪҪүһ֡
ûֻ̫ҪǱⲻһ߶
ϣվ챧֦ΣӸİȥ
˿ǱʧµɧͶӵܻ
£
£𡭡𡭡
£ߡ

վ죬ӣȻڴ鵱ŻԼĸ
Ҷ˱ڻеĵıס˽Ųֻطվȥ
ʹ˸׽վָȴҲܶԱ͵֮ˡ
вسһڶȨǰҶ޷˺αװ
Ѿõվ죬αװ˵ֻǸ

֦ٴʱϵͳڲŹھ³ɹʾ
¾Ѽϣ
۾ӳߵʶġ
ջ֦ΧϤĳ㱼Ϊص˶δʱĵط¶𣿡
ʱŶվ֦пڴߣһضŴؿ϶ŵ룬ȥŵĴϡ
֦λڵеϵͳػ
վһģ
֦վβŲײĻ̿֡
᲻Լ
ģӵֻѰİҩ
ңӦ˻Լ
ˣվ춨˶Ȼߵߣס֦εĿ⡣
ڿʲô
վ죿֦ǰһƬףͷϿ˫վ캬Ц۾
û¶ϵͳʱؽӻվڻֵ60%ɶ50.93%
ֻĿջһģ
ԭ
֦θ²꣬ϵͳվĲ¶˱顣
ظɡ
ȷû¶
๫֦վǰĿڣҺö
չſޣ˵һķõֻ˼ڡ
ʹվ컹֦εһ๫Ҳû˽װݵǰ
ѵ֦࣬εСһ
ֻ࣬ʣ߿õ֡
ҵõ֦֡Ƶ̾һ
׻Źɵغࡣ
״վ΢ķң֦ûʲôʵ𣿡
磬¡
֦λ̽ʣӸˣ
ǵ˾ƾ˯˹ȥ
⵹ʲô쳣֮£Ͼ֮ǰҲ
ûͨľƲͬһ㶼ǾƾŨȼ͵ľ
֮£Ļ档
ʱ֦һ¡
£Ժ󻹿Բȥϵ·˰ɣ·۳Ͷ٣зܲһơ
վûлػл˼ִ㵣֦ε͡
ǵĻ˳ȻûжµţҲûӸŻһ£ǵĻֻǽȥ
վһ뷨Ͳôʵɶ
վ죿֦μվĪתȴԸ̲סָֻһ˵
վع
׵üƱʹػشһ⡣
ţӸˡ
ڶ⣬ûǺλش

ϣʱսȺĶӺؾʹ˸硣
£ǾԼĻסˣѧʿ䳰
վϽǰ֤ȷ䣬οڸзŻͼı͢س󽫾ؾһ䡣
ҶΪ˸վһߣֱӶվն̫ӵһۡ
˭֪糯üλĳһɣվһΡ
֮ǰĵҲ鵽Ͻ֮˹ᣬҲƷˡةͻȻ
ǰةյԳֳš
ųŮҪ޸̫ӵ£ñӡ
ŵԶ֮³̬ȵˣ̫һ
ة̬þһӱ˷롣
ةԵʣмλĳУ˵Ӹһ»δ࣬վ춨
ʾ˵Ƕʧַ˻𣬽޻վͷϡ
˽֪վΪ˴ºͣǸӣʱдƪة඼޵ʫ
мλһʱͰݶƷҲ
ʹǻ֮ƾҲ⳯ȡһϯ֮ء
ʸλվΪҪڴ֮ҹߣվҶһߵĶ佫粻Щĳֻʹɱﵡ
ƺڵһ仰վһԳĬѾõӭZЦų
ʵ֪Խԭʹ⼸ǰϡ˵ҪǻʵӸûطסҹ·
һ仰ֽݻ֮¿ۻҶͷϡ
ǰ뾩£׼׵ĵҲ̬ң̫ΪջϽ
˻һԾ
ϢҶ֪νӻ
֪һվŻصϡ

˵ʲô֦׵һҶΪʲôҪ׷ɱǣ
ţվ˵Ҫ·ԱҶ׷ɱ
֦õǡǡվԭսȭͷһɿ
Ϊĵܵϱ
ǳŪࡣ
Ŵ˻һԵ֦͵ؿԡ
ˣվæվ֦εıģ԰
һ˵ˡ֮ǰ㲻˵ǫҪȢ𣿡˶٣֦βţ˾䣬Ϊվ̫һߡ
֦ϰԵص˵ͷ
Уȴһ¡
վ죬ҡ֦΢֪ôӺ˵
ǰһϮ£Цꡣ
˿ɫסбķβϡ
ѿһȨޡʱл֡һ
ѡһѡǰ֪¾飬ѡ¶ĳһڵ㡣
ȵȡ
ڶǷ̹ԥ֦Σ֣ˮһľ
ҵȻѡ
лҪ˵ллСʹǵĵף


 40 

ҵȻѡ֦һ˵仰, ٹĻеһ
֮ǰҪ, ѡӦע㡣ϵͳ֦εĻ, һ, 񡭡
Ҳѡһ, ֱӸҶɡΪ˲ǰվ쿴, ֻ֦ϵͳ˵
һĶ, ԺϵͳԻͬʱضǰվĴڡ
ͬʱ, ֦ι򶨵ؿһ
Ǹ, ๫, ܲܰݺȲ衣
Ȼվ๫ʺá
Цŵ˵ͷ, Ȼȥ
ϵͳ, ˵վ, ֦żԺкϵͳԻ
ǰ֪¾飬ѡڿʼԭŮǰһڵľ飬ξĳȲɿء
, ¶ǰһڵ, ˽ڵ鶼ڣнɫ˵ļ䡣
ȵȣҿԵΪǵĽڵ𣿡֦βʵ
Ȼԡ
֦ԥһ
ԭҪѡڶѡġ
ԻصվǸľ֮ǰ
Ψһڣ¶ʧȥ䡣
Ҳ˵һܷվ쳣֮
ǣ¶, Ҳʧ𣿡֦ͷ˼Ƭ̡
ҲᡣϵͳĬһҲᡣ
ѡһע
οһʼûдѡ
һѡ֦һһ³ش
ƶ
ʵѡɼˡ
վᵽҶҪº֡
δ̳бȨӶϱӴĻӣ֦ôվ춼·硣
Ϊվ졣
ȻҪҶӸͻҹ֮µʡ
ȷһѡ𣿡
ȷ
֦˵ꡰ˲䣬վ쵥Ų߹
֦Ҫʲô𣿡ʵ
һ¡֦ҧҧ̹ס
дǷţĳϻ
ߵôæվǵվˡ
ܼ𣿡վ֦εĶ£֦ε衣
ôûãվֻ֣֦ε̲סһ˿Թԡ
һҩվ
˵ţ֣֦εǰ˻Ρ
Ȼ֦һѰס
°

վǰ֮˵Ŀ⼯Լϣһգգӡ
Ʋؿڣ֦Ժˡ
ԼԼ˵ģһ룬֦ξʹĻ
ٴеΣ£վĻ
תһ룬֦ξĿЩ΢ǿӲ
ǣֲһ䡣
ҶˣˣȻᵣġ
š
֦æŴᣬûпվʱı顣
ˣҸո˵ġ
֦˵㻰𣿡վʵ
Ȼ㻰̧֦ͷվ
۾ƭˡ
ǵҶ֮¹ȥ˵ա
֦ζȥվڵɢŵЦ⡣
һֱ֪վĳɫ
ֻһ̣Цͬ㺣
ڵȵһ磬֦δжĪȻ
Դ»صվϿЦݣȴûһһ̰㴿⡣
κ
á
˵֦꣬µԼ
Ȼվô˵Ǿġ
Ҳøʱ֮ĸ顣
ϸ룬ܻᷢ£վҲѾˡ
׷ףøлһŷ


ϵͳ˵ʱ봥¾ڵ㡣
ҹ֦ƽǰȴѵõû˯⡣
ȥһӿʣվһͳﱸõġ
ԦվǶ˫̥еһ
վҡ
뿪ЪŵĿջʱһʻһ̵С·ϡ
ϧǣֱ뿪Ǽҿջ֦ζû֪ܵС֡
ԭû
ȴʵʵڵڴ󰲵ĵͼϣһ뾩ǲԶһ
֦ξĴھͺñĸ۵ǡ
ʵش磬žķչдףҲûǵ
˴֦ΣͲȥ˼ЩǰԵ⡣
ÿ˶Լʶ
ǰ֪飬ҲԸı˵뷨;ٶ
Զ˵׸ıģԼ
ʱ֦ĵƿһԵᣣδ̽ͷվͳ˹
֦ôˣ
ûʲôҡҾýҹǺ֦ûͷûԵؽһ䡣
ţȾǸɾվͬ
֦վ쿴˵գָܾ
ϵͦġģɵؽ˾䡣
뵽վԺضҪڻϣ㻻⡣
֦֪ϳʲô𣿡
Ȼվһ˵˵Ļ
û¶ɫʹ֦λصͷ
ϳǡվƽԶ˵ǺܾԶļˡ
֦ûг
վı˵ڻ䡣
Ƕ˵;һ
;һ
⣬֦δ㶵ؿվ졣
ʱ⧲ͷ
㵽ˣ֪ˡ

ձθڣµ֦βصһۡ
ȻѸٵطᣣ׼˯
ߣʲôС
һߵվ죬Ե̾һ
µ˽֦Ҫ˵Ļ
ΪҲ˵Ĺ¡
ֻǡ
ٵȵȰա
лҪ˵ѡиԶ֮뷬 
Ӧܵv  Ҫһֱڴľ 
ڿһ һдquq


 41 

·ĵڶ졣
, ֦￴顣
ϣ·ĳСʱ, С̯˼, ·ϴʱ䡣
ʱ, һֻѹűӵһ, һֻ˸վǺ«
ⷽҲ̫ˡ˾Ǿܿ¼֦ҧһǺ«, ²۵, Ҫʵ, ȥ㴫/û˲š
Ĺ»ҩ, һζԷСһ, Ϲ֮λ, ȻɪĹ¡
Ĺ¿һ, ڶ黹м˿, ֻ֦֮˼
οͬ汾Ĺ£ฮЩ
ٿϡ
ҪŹڷĴ, ҲǧĿ˵Թ, ЩΪĳЩдļٹ¡
ʹ֦Ҫĥʱ⣬Ҳ˷ʱǧƪһɵĹϡ
ֻ֪һĽǷͬ
βһǣվƿᣡ
֦̾һ
ȻһĽ֡
̾ʲôվŵ
֪һ·ϵζڼķС
վ˺˵
̧֦۶Ŀ⣬Ȼɤӣ˵ʵҲ񷽹һд
ΪŮ֦, ҲһΪŮǵġ
ϣվֻɨһǼ֡
̶ջصߣɫתƵŮϡ
Ϊǵһˣ
ӵжһ޶ĳ谮

ϳڴ󰲵϶ˡ
վ˵Ϊƿӣһ·ߡ
˵һ·ߣ֦ζǰСӡȥ·ڴͣ
ھǵıߡ
ػϳ֮ǰȥһˡվǣס֦ε֣
ִɣ֦Ժֳ
ţָòˡվЦЦ
һ֦εȷֳơ
ǰҲվǰΡ
ֻǣǸֳĺʱ
Ե´λؾǵʱ򡭡
֦ٴλؾӦºˡ
վ΢Ц֦ȴúõڽ仰
Ҳá֦Դ롣
һղۼֳָܻ̲ס¡
ңҶҲϵǻ·ȥꡣ
˵Ժ˴
ţ֦϶Ц⡣
ͬʱɵüӿ˲ջķȥ
վ֦Ҳı仯
ĺرó
ٴμĴ磬˵ôĵһ
๫㣡֦վڿջſڣŻⲽվ˻֡
ƹģȵȣ๫Ͼ͵
ִ֦˲ƣ³ƺ
Ϊ֣ÿվ๫֮ʱߵ̬Ⱦͻ䡣
֮ǰվ컹ʱʱظȤֻҪ๫һڣͻʮ
·һӴ뵽ɫС
ͼһְĺ๫
š
վ׵
һε˵棬ôƺ
Ӧ֦תͷȥƹĽ̸ںվȻϵһĨ졣

ס
ص֦βŽɻʳ˿ڡ
վ츶˵ʱ;ԡ
գϷӻ⸽бݡվͷ
Ѱ֦βһڻ󡰶¡Ĵ
ɣҶ֦Ǿ͵ǡ
վ˵ǧϣΪʺףٵ̨ϷӣʱǾ͸˼ӡ
ϧǣ˵ȺϷӵмأ޹ɿѭ
֮ǰھǣֻɱϡ
û뵽ʱ£֦һǡ
Ĳ𣿡ڴ̫ԣǹԭȵĵ
¡վ֦οմˮյ䡣
ͬʱ΢΢һüͷ
סҿջļƻ֮С
ҪΪĳϲѡֳλռţ涼һǴĿջ
뵽⣬վ̧̧Ƴ֦Ѿߵ˴齵һˣĴŴϵı졣
лŲ֪С
ֻĬƬ̣֦ȥϹ𣿡
ðϣŮϲػعͷ
֦һ뿪ǣլգûмʶ֮ķ顣
ΪһȥϣҲͣظ·
֪վ쾹ɢ⡣
Ҳǣļš
վôˣһȫļƻ
ﻹи֪¾Ľûд
֦β²ǣΪվŸıȶļƻ

ա
֦κվ˸磬Ϸ̨ǰ˸λá
ʱǰۿ½ִ
˶߽
˵һϷǶġ
ŮһеĹ°ɣ
ǿȤˡ
ߵڶ֦ΣսվĲգ૵ţ˵᲻ԭͣ
֪վƽػ˾䡣
Խֳ侲֦ξԽ
ϵͳվĺڻֵǶ٣֦غָĹܡ
һ̣վ΢
60%
ĺڻֵûԱ仯
ʱϷӵ̨
˲䰲ǵ߶е̨ϡ
֦ȴ̲סƫͷȥ۲վ顣
רעϷ̨ڵûκα仯
û֦ΧȺۺĺУû¶ľ޻֮̾顣
֦κǧ֮ϣ˵ıݣ۷վð֧裬Ҳû˿
ܵ˵Ŀ⣬վ찵֡
֦βɵ̯ƣվָĦ˼¡
ͻȻʶ㡣
뵽ԼߣδȬ֣֦η
֦ûзվ˳ס̶֣һ䡣
Ϸûԭ֮ͣ䣬Զеߡ
лҪ˵ҷ д˫ 
һһٿ
ԼҸԼ壡
ϣvǰԳͼTvT

 42 

⻰֦, Ŀ롣
ֻվ촥飬ȻҲû⡣
˵ʲôأϸϷ֦Сֹһ䡣
š

̨ŵİ, ɿġ
֦βû, ǰᵽŮһС
һȥԶŮ, ڸкľ֮鿪
δķõĻ, ȴַŲھǵļˡ
û뵽, ĺҲĽˡ
Ȱ˵Ůڻ, ԴﵽԼɸ˵Ŀġ
βһĻ, ǺģŮĿ, λɾԼĳ
, ϷǾ˳
˵ټ֮ݡ
صǿ, οǻ˸֮
ɾǰڮŮ, ﲻ֮
ͬʱ, ɾûб̬ȣùڵӼ
ŮһУ˴˲еĴ
ɾǺ̬ȣ
ɣ
Χڶ֦ȴվĬضϷ뿪ķ, 촽, һԲ
ֶЩɶ
㡭û°ɣ֦һֻվǰ˻Ρ
¡վջĿ⣬תͷ֮ˡ
֦εʣһ͵Ųɵش뵽ɫȥˡ
λɾ𣿡֦ʶΪվ˵нǣͬʱʵ㣬ǺѵĻ𣿡
, վָֻյЦݡ
ǿ֦һˡҪŮҲšǺѡ
ţ֦Ѹٵؽӵ
šվҡҡͷŲŶȢ㡣
ҲǣǺѵԴ©ٳվ̣Ȼǲŵġ
֦ζ
ɾζǲŵģ
Ȼվûжԣǣ֦ε֣ķȥ
԰
֦ͻȻӦ
˼վȥɫôԼҲƽȥˣ
ʵҲûõҪĴ𰸡

ʱ
ϵͳ˵ɾĻô𣿡
ʮˡϵͳ˶٣˯ɣʲôСҪǣҸٵξ
ޡ֦ζ˶ϵı졣
ȻܾҪ
һյĹ
֦δվ˸ڷſڡ
ԥҪҪţվѾ¡
ת뿪ʱŴ汻򿪡
վϴĻǰһ·
Ϻá֦εͷɿرһڣҾ·
˵һ룬뵽վķȻԱߣȴǡһ䡣
վ֦εĽŲֻٳûţûܳסֱӿӭ
֦ε뿪ı飬վЦЦҪ˯ţȥʵСҹ
ðð֦εͷڣϽҪһ㣬лл
˵꣬ڣ£Ȼվ¶һɵЦݡ
վ챾ŵĶһ١
š
ǿ಻ɣһ˵
վȥҹĿյ֦αϵĹӱߴ䡣
סķͬĸ֣ûκβ졣
뿪Ǻһ·ϣվ춼Ƿס
ͽз֮ᡭ
뵽⣬֦λ˻Դ
ôһСˡ
վŶʱľ֦شԼ

ҿºվָ֦εҼա
úܽ
֦ܿվ۽Ǳɫ
ԶʱǺɫġ
ϸ֮£֦ηӽɫ
ﲻ𣿡վһȦδκ
û¡վ֦ػشͻȻе
ʵĻɫ뷨
ˣҿջȷû֮ǰǼҸɾվ촹ۣջһҡ
ã֦æ֡
ˡ
ȥվ컹Ǻĸܵġ
ֻܾòЩʲô
ԽľɾôٵĻ𣿡֦ҧҧ
վġֻδڣƳ֦ε͡
ҧָվذסɧС̶֣š
Ļ𣿡֦˵ǹ⡣
ţұ֤
վ˵ķǻûô⡣
ֻ֪ⳡϷԭͣһʼŻ˵š
¸ıĹУٲͼӴף޷ȷɾĻǷ֪еһģһ
Ȼ֦εķӦҪĴԶ׼
վ˵ţ֦Ц
ΪϷŮνĺ˵ʵݱɾ֪ĸӸӡ
Ǹˡ

ڶգⳡϷ°볡Լ
Ȼվԣɾˡ
ţʱѸٵƽ
ڡѡ䣬Ůɾվûա
ˣѡҲûɾİ⡣
ҵ˻Ů
ΪµĽβˡ
ȺֻʣһƬ
֦ôվ첢ûбܵӰ죬һĵЦ
Ҿø֮ӦǸαĺѡ֦̾˿ɾʹǻȢŮ֮Ů϶Ǻڱ󵷹
Ÿյǵĺӡ뵽⣬ֻ֦ƽ
˵ţͷȥվķӦ
վĿתԼдζ
֦졣
߾ơ
֪ģ֦һ̵վƽʱĴ
վ죿̽ؽ֡
ߵ޲һ£ɱŽӲơ
ģվ죬֦ͻȻһ󵨵ͷ
վտ
ʱΪӵǲǸá
ÿٸ참ʱȺɤȡ
ôˣ֦㶣ֹͣĶ
ͬʱվ
Ͳһ㡣
ͷԴһȺĹٱϵĻһŲ·˵ĳࡣ
֦Ҳ˵Ŀģ塣
ҵˡ
ǡ
ô˵վǴ֦Σε·뿪
Ȼصջ˷ţ֦ʣٸΪʲôץִ磿
ո鵽˻ϵˣǷֳӡ
ңõͨ
ˣվ첻
֦εĲգ³֣Ƿ
֦ε͵һ֮ǰִˣ
ҲµĶ֡վ˵
򵥵һ仰֦ȴ춼Ҫˡ
Ƿ
ֳǴӱ·ĺ
Ĺ٣ܶǰ
ȥأ
ֱֳͨ
ӡ
Ƕӵĸ
ʱģֳһ˻Ŀ֮ܵͬĥˡ
ˣ֦¶˾ġ
ϵͳˡ
лҪ˵ͼĵ졭QAQ
һ̵ķ涼Ѿˣƽ

 43 

ҹ, ֦УԹߵķʽ, ֤ѡһξ顣
ϵͳȻԿξ
ͻɵ, ϵͳΪҵ, ƺһֱڰ
, ֦βٶ롣
Ͼ, иӶǾĵĳ
ֻҪ֪¾, վ챻˴ɱĽڵ㡣
ʵ, ֦β֪ӻǷǷ˵վ졣
ͬʱ, Ҳ޷ȷǶӻǷɳˡ
пˡ
ϵͳ©
ϵͳĬĳʱȷҪ֪ľ, עﲢûᵽѡδ֪ʱĽڵ㡣
ξĴ, ôδ֪ĽڵҲǴڵġ
Ǳʶ, ֦βϣ֪ξ, Ȼ˵վĻᱻ˴ɱ
֪书ӦҲڰб˵, ͨĴɱǲܳɹġ
, ûп¾ǰ½ۡ
ˣ֦ءƮվĺ档
ܵľжϣһδС
һ̣ڷ
ǰһ¿Ŀջ
, ֦κϸµȥ۲վ̬Ͷ
ǵ⣬˫۾վϣ޷롣
֣ĿΧ֮ˣҲеġԼת
⣬֦ĬĬƮȥԼ
ʣվϲ
ţ֦οվ콫ٺú߳˿ջȻǸһߡ
⼸գһֱٻԳš
վߵϵҵ֣ȻֱڼС̯һЩʳĺһС·뿪
С·ϣ֦οһ벻

ӦѾ˹Ϊ˻ʵ۵Ůˡ
Ϊʲô
һµİԹƺվʲô
֦θҪսȥȴվһ࣬ƾճʮӰ
վȻЦнʧȥ˸е¶ȡ
šֻվ첻ص˵ͷȫûй˼ԼڶôΣյһ
һƮŵ֦ζһվ죬ߡʹ֪վ첻
ʱվӻͳһѾµذףȻţЦ˿δ϶κεĻŸС
ʹôЩˣ
δȰΧվ˾ͰͲס˹
ֵܺòסЩֵˣһ˽
˱ƽվذڳʡ
Ľż΢㣬ת˲֮ͽȦļˡ
ذ׻ʱѪ
֦վ쵭ɫմȾ޵ĺɫ亮÷ʢݶ֮ҹ
еĺøŰЦﶼĪɱ
ɱ
ָԺеʱ֦Լһ
ϵͳվĺڻֵ
һ仰˸ͷͷӦУϵͳӦش⡣
60%
֦εĸŲ˲֪ǱеȻָŵǰĳѪȡ
ʱ˶סˡ
ǰվһϮ¶챻ȾѪ£ĺڻֵֻ60%
Сĺ棡֪ͽ֦ͣλûסһ
޷ͻƣеĽթ֮ͽ˴ӱͻϮ⡣
ȻվķӦ죬ǽǲ
˲Ƕأ
֦Ʈǰʹش˵ļǡ
ͬһʱ̣һѴѪذ״̴͵Ϯߵࡣ
վЦǼʧøɸɾ
ϲˣ˭ˣ
˵ţָظϵ˿ڣץ˵ӣز˲ذס
ȻذϷľ棬˰ϸϸزŲѪ
վģڳ֮˲ɵֹͣǵĽ
Ϊ书嵽ʱ飬˼ɲ
֦ζ̲סʿˮ
һĻʶ
Ϊϵͳǰվ߱Ļ棬ǰԤ룬ʱ֦ľһ¡
ϵͳվĺڻֵ
60%
ϵͳǲǳˣˣֻ60%
ǴվıԾˡ
ڻֵԭ򾿾ʲô
֦ԺǸ²͡
ʱֿ˿ڡ
Ѱ߰ɣ
䣬֦ζʾ
֣վڻֵ5%
ȵȡ
ʲô˼վһ˿ҡ
Ȼüë˵ţҡҡͷ磬Ů鳤ǻỵµġ
վĿɨϵʬ/壬̧ϰ۾
ȽոǾ仰ʲô˼
ȻΪǸ˼Ц
ЦŲײϧȻ󽥽ȡ֮
վڻֵΪ70%վڻֵΪ80%90%Ĳϵͳ˿١
ʱ֦βò˶䡣
Ȼ
վĺڻֵһ90%ͻߵĳ̶ȡ
ˣûȥ쿴վ
ϻӶŵذײ֮ǰǰݣÿһ׼˵˵ࡣ
˵ӣʲôأԼһ£ȴûиһ˿һĲ
һվһ١
վ¶
վ죬棡֦βܲ˵شš
վ
˫յĵ˺ԥıͱȥ

֦ξѵʱ컹û
ξǰϷôȻ˴ɱʱȴˡ
ϵͳһҪ
֦˰˰ٱϵͳ
ⳡ̫ʵʵ񻹼ǵվϳֹÿһ顣
Լڽʳġ
εЩʳѺͳ飬֪ȥ˺δ
֦λǵãÿһ
֪ϱûôɵ¡
Щʳģÿһ㡣
Եõ֡
Ϊ˸վõ嵰⣬ȥ¥Щõ֭˳˽⵽õ֡
վҲΪȥѧõֵա
һõԱȵġ
ôһССľٶ˾޴ĺЧӦ
ûһõ֣֦ξͲǰµš
ûлȥǷš
ӸĴ·ͻȻǴȥš
֦μǵǷţ뾩·ϣ֪˻ϲһˡ
˵ûпţһѡһҲпѡ
֮ѡ
ͬʱվѾµ֮£Լڻԭ򡭡
ָġ˭Զ׼
ûϵǣվıþҲҪ
˵ڹͶ˷
ֻ֪еľ鵽׷ʲôʱ
˵鴥ǰԼǡ
Ȼʹ֪˾ΨһıֻԼΪܽδ͸¶ˡ
ڲվ췢ǰ£ܿɱأ
뵽⣬֦۾ֻعһ飬Լ©ĵ㡣
κȻ˯ȫ޵֦ɽ˱ѣñסԴ
վôϲġ

֦Ϻá
֦θմ򿪷ţƳпϵվ죬ºͺ͵Цš
硭˿Ѹٵصͷ
ôˣվۼ֦εֳ˾Υɬ顣
˭㳤ôÿ֦ûͷûԵشһ䣬ȻͷҲصس¥ȥ
վεЦЦ
ʱҲԸԻ·
ûж
Ȼ֦κ˻ǣ֣˵ôˣ
ǻᶯǰһС
Ϊѵ̫磬֦ڰ;˯˹ȥ
ٴۣǰϤĲá
ܿջΣİһģһġ
֦θ޷жϣ˴ǲǼҿջ
Źȥ̶̰ʱ䣬ôɰɣ
ţ֦ȥøڵš
վһ㶼סڡ
Ȼվſڣţ˳˼
ҪôˣΡ
֦룬˸֡

ϣһӰߡ
Ȼ֦Ѳµǰ˵Ǹˣ²ⱻ֤ʵʱĻп
վģıʰվ쵽ǰź档
ȻĻشǣүڲڿջ
ԣ֦һ㶣Ȼ¥ݵķȥ
ܰɡ
֦εɴ۾
˵СźɫǴӿջҶȡġ
ҿջ¿ģǼҲǡ
ֹҪȥĶ֦κת¥ȥ
֦θش⣬ʱ˿ֻ̣һ뷨
ȥվ졣
ҪջĴʱվ
֦ҪȥĶһ۾֦ϵĻ޴롣
ûüʷ˺£֦ξͳ˹
ȥĶˣװί
סŮվĺ󱳡
ȥϹ˹䡣֦ǲجˣ
ûС̷֦ϡ
˿Լվϵֲ֣جˡ
˵꣬Լ֡
Ͼǻվڿջſڣñ˿ȥֲ˼ġ
̧֦ͷһվ죬Ҳûбʾʲô߻ǹǳЦ
ţǣջȥ
˷ſڣվվ
ʱõ֦ڿ˿ڣ̽˵ѾɻˣҵĻ𣿡
šվ˵ͷӵĻȻ
Ǻãӽ쿪ʼ㲻뿪Ұ벽֦һ˵仰Ȼ͵͵ȥ۲վı顣
Цؽϡ
Ѹٵص˱飬˵֪ˣҾͲ䷿ˡ
ҲǸ˼
֦ﷴһ䣬վûн˵ڡ
ϸ룬Ҳûйͷ

󣬺վһڽϵ֦Ȼȷоķء
Ҫϴã֦οƲһ䡣
סϡվص
ϣ֦βĿ
Ҹ뿪Ƿ֮أûʵɡ
С֮ǰ·ĵط͵ϢסĿջҲûκε覴á
óȻڣ֦²˵վ죬ġ
취ȥӦ¾飬վµ¡
ң֦ܾõص㲢ǹؼ
Ĵվһڽϡ
һ룬վ쳯ĳȥ
֮ǰʱҲѧõ֣Ҵʳģоһ¡
Ŵ˻վ
ݵĳĬ˵ͷ
á
УǺܾûˣҴȥ̡֦μ˵·Ҳ¿
ţ㡣
ҪƷ֦վ˿ջ
հվĻΧڿջʹҹͰվߣҲӰ
ȥɱ/ˡ
뷨Ժлʱ֦βɵƳһվĲա
ȻԼЩȶ֣վֻΪ˱
֦ˡվ֦ε˼
ޣá֦æع񣬽ϡ

ҹ֦ƽڴϣ˫ְ࣬׼˯
ϵĵһƽȹҲ޾ա
ۣ֦κܿͽ硣
ϵͳ⽱زܵģ
Ʈڿе֦üͷһܵľﻹǸС
ΨһĲͬǣɫжϣǰĻƺڰҹ
سջƮȥ
ʱ㣬վӦ˯С
ȻһĪ֦γŷȥ
ֱϤСǰ֦εǹͣ
ϵͳǲǹ⡭֦˵Ļû˵꣬ͱһʸ˹ȥ
ΪôŮˣ
ǰ
֦תͷֿռЩˣΧվ졣
£һ޵ơ
˵ӣʲôأ
˵Ļһֲ
ңվ仰ٴγһ˲ʧ
վ죬ı󣡡֦δһ
ȻȻֹ
֦ѵʱ򣬱һ
ʱ򣬿¹͸ɢڵϡ
ɲ֦ζ룬·ȥ˸վš
ζûдػ
֦οҪҪŶʱ֨һſˡ
֦վһۣǾ⡣
ҡجˡ֦κ֪طΪ̫嶯
Ϊ˷ֹľٴݣ
ҡܲܺһ˯
վȻû뵽֦λ˵ô󵨵Ļ
˯ɵˣ
ûУ˵ģȵң֦վ첻ţɿܻط䣬ͷ˹
վվڷſڣŮһڴؿڵȥ
ֻð̾Ϣһ
ɡ
֦νԼıԺһ̶˱̶ߵλá
๫ѽ
վ۵Ķ˶١
ԭ֦֮δʱĴϡ
Ѿɺõ֦Σ˰
ĳⲻ֪ھһֻԶĸ
վ켫סԼĵسȥ
˯һ࣬ôȥͷ֦Σ޹գ۾
ޣҲǡ֦ξ˵е
Ȼ˫ȣһĿ϶ͨ
Ϳˣ
״վЦ˳
֦
˵꣬˴Ȼ֦ε塣
컹ܺ˯˯ֵܰġվҲ֦λ˸򣬺ӡ
ȻŴ
תһ̣촽վϣæŲŲ
ͬʱĵؽᡣ
šվƬ̺󣬻ǵͷ
õ˿϶Ļش֦δ˸Ƿ
๫Ρ
Ρ
֦ζУվʮģ
˯˹ȥ
о֮˵ĺƽȣվۡ
ȥ֦ε˯ա
ҹİ֣û߱ӣҲûԽ硣
˶ڱ棬ֻ¶С
ɵվ֣֦εȻĴȥ
ûѵףƣƶ䡣
ϵıƿ§˻ٸԼıӡ
Žǡ
Σҵӡ

ڶա
֦ٴ۵ʱ򣬷ԼѾࡣ
˯վ죬ߣ塣
뵽Լµĺڣ֦εЦЦ
Ǹ⣬ұ֤Ҷ
ţԷɡվ쿴ȥ·Ҹˣȥ㡣
á
վ첢û׷˯˵⣬֦Ļϲ
Ȼƽʱϻ߶վǸ̬ʵ֤ǸռС˵ˡ
ԼҹĴռλá
뵽⣬֦ΰοԼ˵ⶼΪɱ١
ϣ֦ξվ˯
ȷվ쵽ʲôʱ˯ţĬĬ
һֻˮȣֻˮȣֻˮȡһǧֻˮʱ֦͵ۡ
ƫͷԼԴԱԿŵˡ
ʱ˯վ죬ȥɱƽЦҪͿ֡
֦ζ˳޶á
Ȼϣȷ̰ա
ΪƱֵ̫ãʱһдֱϴ֦εϰػ˻Ρ
סΣٴ¿ʱվĴߡ
֦æһ߹ȥ¾Եˡ
Ȼಢûκζ
ͻȻ˸󵨵뷨
ֳͷվ˯ա
ţؿڴѵˮһǡ
ٶ֦ηɿԼıȻۣװ·
֦νסԼʱȫ˿δˣؽֳķȥ
ָڴĦţƺڻζϸĴС

֦ενڴ/ɱξ
ͬһʱ䣬ĵطûб䡣
ǣķʽȴˡ
ʱվһڴϡ
ߵ·ͻȻһȺס˵ȥ·
ߡ
֦ο뿪ͬĳ֡
վɱۡ
Ѫɫӳںϳһ
ӣʲôأĻħվϡ
һΣϵͳڲ˽֣Ǳ͵Ϯ֮ˣ׼վλá

֦֦
֦αվѿһ˲䣬
ܲ˵˵ĻȫûʶͬһŴϡ
סվ˳§Ĩȥ۽ǵᡣ
جˣ
šܸجʲô
֦ԥƬ̣ڻǽĻ˵˳
Խʵҡ֮͵˫ȥпĻ棬ҾʲôˣҶܽܡ
˵֦꣬ξԼ񱻷һѻﶼȵġ
ţվû뵽֦λͻȻ˵׵Ļһ¡
ǡ֦ҧҧô۷ʲô£㶼ҵ๫
ȻѸٵشĻѳԼı
֦λղŵľٴ룬ԼǷˣŻ˵ô¶ǵĸס
֦קһıӣ֪֪Լ˵ʲô
Ҹո˵Ļġ֦Сֹһ䣬Ҷ췢ģ
ӱָ
һԵվöûж
õ֦ΪκηӦͷϵıӺرƿ
֦˵Ҫġ
վϳֺξص飬֦һ§סĲӣϡһ¡
ɿʱشս
֦ҽȷĽǷʽ

վ죬㣡֦ھǰԼĲݮӡ
˽׵ϵģ
ôڰ
ţҡʼٸվк޻⡣
֦ԼҪ˯Ҵ/ϣҹҲ˽ҵĻȻ󡭡վͷҵġ
˲ֹһΡ
Ϊ֦˵һû˵Ϊ
ţ
֦תͷͼȰվ죬ȴؿڴߣû¡
ô·ٵջĿ⡣
֦ѵ𣿡վس֦εĲӿȥ
֦βټչ¾ξ
Щ£Ҫġ
ҲãǸýһЩˡվͷ
ʲô£֦㶡
һ𣿡
֦һ̧ۣվղһɫ
ԥػش
Ȼ߹ĳԼǰ֦ԺֿʼӳЩѪȳ档
վӣ˵ںڻü𣿡
磬ΪôŮˣĻǳͲм
ԣ֦վ챳
Ȼ¶˸ͷ
ϲôˣ
վ첢ûм֦κͰĶԻֻǺ˸֡
ȵȣҲ㣡Ҫ⿴֦æҡҡվ֡
áվ챧֦ΣһԾ
˵˵߷Χ֮⡣
԰鲻Ӧôߵġ
δ֦ϸ룬Ѿʰˡ
˵վЩֻҪԲ񣬾ͻᱻһ
Խ㲻ȥ𣿡֦εĵʵ
书֮ϡվһЦ
ǡ֦ͻȻӦ
ϵͳô£
ҿû˵Ǿݡ
ҵξƵģ֦н
㿴֮ĸǲʵķԾϵͳĳؽ͵˵˼ҹΣĲϲҲû취ξ
ϵͳ߿
ʱѾȫ
ڱһķϣһվس˵ȥ߷գҪҵԼȡ
գǷȫ
ȻǷˣ
磬㶷ġĿⲢûзվϣ֦ΣŮ鳤ǻỵµġ
仰
ڵķɾûб̨
֦ĬĬ²۵
ˣٶԣֻû뿪
ʲô£֦κؿվ졣
ҵĴ¡ֻվº͵ЦЦӣʲôʱѶ¸ˣ
лҪ˵ллСʹǣTvT


 44 

תƻ⣡֦οϴǵ˵, ȴرͨ졣
ô£òװ仰˵ͬʱ, ַµ⡣
ʱվĻ
šվḧ, ȥٸ㡣
, ջķȥ

ⲻҵķ䣡֦α§վĻ, ޷, ֻʾ顣
ˣҹ˯ġ
ֱ˷, վذ
ͬʱ, ŷһء
֦һ̧ͷ, , ߵĻǳ˿ڡ
, ׺ʲô𣿡
ֻվϵıšֵĳֱƽ
ǵ, ƽ
֦۾, ΪԼˡ
Ҳȷվ£Ȼ˸ģĴ𰸣Ҳĸо𡣡
㲻ȷ£֦ס
վôˣȷ£
Ǳʶ, ֦ȻΪվӦ֪һ顣
Сվ΢΢ͷ
Ҳֹһ
Ҳ»кܶࡣ
һ, ֦Īŵᡣ
˵õ֦֡˵
˵꣬Լ͡ꡱһЦ˳
õֱ֣˼һ
ѳԵ޷ʣҧĵһھͿĵݡ
֦εЦգվҲԾ̡
Ƿߵļϸٴβɫתƻ⡣
Ȼ, ֦εעתƵ˰ϣıӦôСͳڻϳǡ
šվͷ֪ɷѿģһУΪʲô
ܾⱳյĸӡ

緹ǰꡣ
֦ʶվСգ֪
·ϣվһûһš
ʲôʱְԾģ
СҰġܵõʶסʱҾ;򵥡
û뵽վ԰ĸߡ
Ȼһ仰֦ջԼһ仰
ֻΪ
֦ηվ첢Ǻϲˡ
ǵʱֳͺѺг
ֳף֮Ĺϵ
ǽҪ֮ˣֳ

ΣסǸϾլӡ
֦ʱͿֳſڡ
֦ǳ񰡡һ棬ֳ֦δкһ棬Ҳûˡ
֦ƫͷȥվı顣
ŵЦκ쳣֮
֦ܵεĿ⣬ĵ˵ûиֳȥ£дҲû˵
֪ǵ£վΪʲôûнѾ֮¡
ѵ
뵽⣬֦ʶȥҧָ
ɣ󡣡ֳЦЦ
ȻֳΪǻţҲָڻˡ
ڵĹϵ൱İˣڡ
Ƚȥɡվ֦λڷ
ޣ֦εͷҪҸܿվ죬ʴ硣

ǳɻˣϣֳȵؿˡ
šվ˵ͷ
Ҳáֳûٶ˵Ļ¶һ䡣
ףҸ
ţһġվº͵Цţ֦Ҳһ˵ͷ
лл
վŵĹֳ֦Ժ
ִ磬м˵˵ţ֦δӱóһš
дġ
Ϊֳ˵֮¡
ֳӹֽ֦ٵɨһۡ
Ȼϳһ˲ľȡ
Ҹڳ£
š֦صͷ
ֳ˵ȥվ졣
ҲǣȻ޸ԽӦ֪µġֳ̾һƤȻݡҽɡ
ԣ֦θֳ¡
ֳ˳ָһ衣
ʵҲ̫վ巢˺¡ֻǵãԽǱʱ˻ʪ͸Ҳ̰治ˮھԽȻס
ֵԽкü˿ڡ
˻һ֦εüͷ塣
ʪ͸ü˿ڣվʲô
ңֵǣڶգĻǫҲûгѧֳҡҡͷǸɺϡ
ǫнӴվ֮ľס
οǫվʱ򣬶ǱŴ͵͵ġ
ϵͳ⵽ô£ֳķ֦̲סϵͳûطŹ𣿡
ûУ¶ɾϵͳɵݡҶǵ֪дľغϡ
ֲãϵͳ˵ܻǵĹȥԭΪûУ
ôվô˽⣿֦ҧгݵ
һ䡣ϵͳĴ֦βһû
ƾʲôҲй⻷
˵⣬֦ξվŵʱھˡ
ɫ𽥱ðվ컹ûл
֦ߵſڣ˸֣վȥʲôˣ
ү˵ȥʳˡ
ޡ֦εͷʳģ
͵ؿǰ֮ˡ
ôᡭܰɡ
ȥվ죡Ҷ룬һ˵ţһ߳ȥȥļУ
֦ϳֽı飬һ
ֹˣṦȥ졣ᱧס֦ΣʩչṦеķȥ
ϵͳϵͳվĺڻֵ
ϵͳûзӦ
ϵͳңվµġ
䣬䡣
֦ξͲ
仰ϵͳûе
ϵͳˮһ֦εϣת˲䣬ͻᡣ
ܡ
վĺڻֵΪ60%ϵͳʾ
˵վ켫пܾ⸽
⸽ʲô֦εΪʱö϶ǳ˵仰ߵġС·𣿡
С
ƾżһתǣû߽С·ײ
վ죬վڡǫ
ǷΪʲôЩ˲úõشھǣһվ죡
֦룬æ԰˵ȥ
ҵǱֹʱȴվûж
Ҷڽǲֵᷢġȥվ죡֦μֱš
ľԴ˵ֻ
ǺãֹǧƬ̣תվķȥ
ڰ֦Ӱ㿼ҵվ졣
ϵп˿
ʹΧţѪҲһ˿Ǳ
֦βȥվ죬ֲòλãµ˻͵Ϯ
˰ļ룬վ˲ѹ
ô⣿վ첢ûж԰ĳָеϲüͷ
ֹġٵػصүСı󡣡
˵꣬һ̴վ֮˵ࡣ
ϤĻ棬֦εľ
п͵Ϯʽһģһ
̧֦ͷ˿ǰվ죬ϵѪڲϵ׹ڵϣĺ컨̼˫ۡ
ϵͳ˵䣿֦ͻȻһ¡
ǡϵͳ֮
һѡ
һι©
лҪ˵quq߾һ


 45 

ϵͳ, ڵͻᱻ϶Ϊʧ𣿡֦˼Ƭ, , ֻҪûܳɹֹվڻ, ҾͻٴλصС
ǡΪϵͳ, ޷˵ѡ
ȷĹ, Ⲣ֦ͬε
һδվ쵲
ô֦̽˾, ϵͳ, վ쵲Ļ, ûб𣿡
뷨û, վΪڻ, , ʧܡ
Ծ, ǻٴαͻ
ǹҲ©
ûСϵͳػص
Ŵԣ֦һ
վ
ڴʱ, ֪ӺϮĽпվļ, ţβɱػ˻Ρ
״֦βԥ
˵ǼٵģѾûʱȥˡ
վΪİ
Ȼ
Ҫô𣿡ʱϵͳͻأ
Ȼ֦αشϵͳ, Ҫɢע
֮ȥʹϵͳṩıֻܼһ۸С
Ե֦ε֪վΪŰǳɱʱΪʲôŻôľ
Ĳ𣿡ϵͳһ飬ƺ˾ᡣ
֦ľǣվܱɱʹԼĽ
Ȼٱͻ֮ǰҪվ찤һ
ǰʱкϵͳ˵ĻǣҲô嶯ˡ
ڡ֦ҡҡͷΪϵͳˆ¡
һ̣ǾǿͰ⡣
յ֦εĻشϵͳٵؼһָ
Ҳһ
ϵͳ⵽֦ζһվøжȴﵽ90%ϣʹϵͳȨޣƶ鷢չ
ѵõϵͳɣȨ޿С
֦θдꡰڡھ;ǰһʶسվڵķȥ
֦
վû뵽֦λֱֱسǫӱһεĳһǰ
ɫħϸ޷Ƶӿ

֦ʶָʱԼվĻؿڴ˺Ѹ
վ챧ڲº͵ģɭȻ飬Ʊ塣
ϵͳʾϵظţվڻֵﵽ70%80%90%
ڻֵȻѾ֪ˡ
뵽⣬֦γվһȿ޻ѿЦݡ
ǰʱĳһޡ
ͬǣһȫȫǳԱġ
ˣ֦ƴȫһһٵ˵վ죬˻кܶѡ񣬵Ȼִҡ
δ˵꣬һѪ
ǰòף֪޾
Ȼֱʱ֪ԭʱôۡ
ڡ
۾һ˲䣬֦ľǣվ쵽ʲôʱǵأ
ôӦûĻ֮ɡ
֦ǰĻǣվ츩Ĵ

ϵͳҪҲܻ簡
ſڵϵ֦첲뵽֮ǰϵͳڲתݣ̲סߴٵĹܣͲһ𣿡
ϵͳ˿ϵͳռڣѹʳ͸̲ס˳顣
֦γԭǣʹ˶ȨޣԶʱھܽٴͻС
ڵϵͳǳڣʳһ̣ˣ
ʵϣ֦θûЩʳ
ȻҲϻ
Ȱʳҡϵͳϴ
ϵͳ뿪֮ǰһ㡣˵̧֦꣬ͷǸڿлλƵӰͻȥ
֦ԭѾȥ졣
ɾ̶̵ʮ飬콫ͻС
ϵͳжáǵʮһ顣
ȥתתҰתơϵͳڵ۾
룬ҪǰôȥʹﵽҵȻȼȥˡ
ޡ֦ε˵ͷ
ϵͳռȤռ֪ԭϵͳƽʱסġ
ϵͳ߶ǰһֱԭأͬƣзѭţǰվ˵Ǿ仰
֮ǰ˵ǣҵġ
·ڸһ㣬ǻȫϵʱ龳
ң׵ķʽƺ̫һ
һ뵽վ죬֦βɵ̾Ϣһ
İ⡭
ϵͳʲôߵͻȻ֮䱻ǰĴߡ
ټĹֻıȲһɫĲӡ
ȥʮֹ졣
Ǽ¼ÿĲӣÿһͬ񡭡ϵͳӲԶɫ˵񣬰ɫǻڽУȴʱ䳤̡
񣿡֦һӣıҼǵֻ񡭡
ƶ
û֦ηɫĲӣȷϵĸǺǰĻ𽥱ģ
ˣݼϣڽ㴫СϵͳӺƮ˹
ͬʱƮƮ˵һ䣺Ժǧ©Ŷ
ϵͳʲô˼
ûлش

֦ٴ۵ʱ򣬿ɫĲãգգ۾
ĳջ
޷жλá
ϵͳ͵˾ǻǻϳǣ
УҲûʲô
ϵͳ
ϵͳУԺظ
֦Զԡ
ȥǰԼòʱһЦƮĶС
Ȼ󻺻ƫͷ
֦οվߣɫƽ
ӣ˵Ǹýǻǰ֦أ
ܰɣ
֦Լ
۵ġ
ʱǰҲʹ
ϵͳȻվߣ
лҪ˵һ´͵ֳv
ллСʹǵĵ׺ӪҺquq
ȲСĻظʱ͸
ֻܰѶСʹһɾTvTԲ


 46 

֦ۼվس, Ȼ¡
еĹ⣬, ĥ͸
ȻĿ⿴ʱ, ĴһºЦݡ
֪վϵ鲢ܷӳ״̬, ûɵý
, ¡֦, Ҳʼ, վø, ң
๫, Ҵˡ֦ηɿس˴, ˵, ˱ӵһ, , 㡣
ȻΪͻ෴һֻ̣Լ
֦ο, ֻҪһ, ܵסзա
Ҫ뱻Ǽ䣬վ콫Ϻݺݵһˤ
֦αŵĶһûüͱס˴

Ŵ£ͣ֬ľ䡣
, ݺݵҧ¡
ۣ֦ƿվ죬ȦסԶվ죬
ûͣø
κվشߡ
֦ε󺰴бɳƣֻһ˫۵ʾĿߡ
ôˣվЦ֮ǰֲû׹
˵꣬ͷȥ˱˹ݸ֦Ρ
ǰյ֦ͬαͷܾĲ裬ȴɤӵжòӹ裬һڡ
ϴΣͣͣˡȲºҲָ
ˣǲҴ˵ֻ͵͵վһۡ
ԼʱģȻͬʱȥ֮ǰº͡
֦ξãֻҪվĺڻֵ90%ڣȫʹļȷȴƽޱȡ
Ѿ֪վڻԭҲûбҪȥĺڻֵ
Լ۾ȥ˽ݡ
ǰĻȻأվζĿ֦ǰ˿ͣƬ̺󣬲ŵ˾䣬֪ۣҲ᳤ԡ
֦λɣҪǰ̣վһѷŵľٶȥ
ûʲôʵ𣿡ͼĻ⣬磬ʲôġ
ϣ֦βصͷȥǰ֮˵ı顣
һ룬վָ°̧ͣߡ
Ѿ֤ˡ˵ţָⲻԾ»Ρ
ҡҶˣûĵط֦θϽĶ
ţҲˡίı飬վ쵽׻ͣ
תȥ֦ԼСԴ
ġ/塱ţ֪ˡ
Ȼȥʡ
˵ʵء/塱Ϊ̫˵
û˼վ𣬡ӣʲô
ޣҶԡ֦ͷһ£ˣԽΡ
֦ʵУ׽֮˶ǳơ
ȻΪֹ˽֦Ӧվ죬ϣø׽ĳƺ
ԣվһ١
š

ûʲôʵ𣿡䣬֦ʱʱ͵վһۣﻹдʡ
ǵǫһ˹˵ӣΪվܹݲȡ
Īĺ˲̫һ
ֻվĴ˶
͵֦ΪҪʻʱԼ췴Ϻʸס
УȳԷ
ޡá֦νϺ£ŵ˵ͷ
Ȼվ컹ǺĹһɻ󲻽֮ġ
ǣٵس극ſϣ˹Ų͡
ôԵñƽʱֲࣿõԤС
Ϊˡվص
㲻ǣ춼ûԶɣ
֦εĻŲ䲻ԣɱվ˳
ĬĬŻش𣬡ˡ
ƭˣ
վܲ׽֦˵ʱϸڣ֮Ҳע⵽ϰߡ
֪ר˼ʱҧָûʱ˵Ȥȥ
ڣѡ
ҲհˡվЦЦ
ǰΪԶʧȥʱȣʲô
ƵĿ֦εıһᡣ
ޡվ̾˿
ûС֦κҵĨĨͼڸϵĻҡ
״վ˹ӵ˻ֱ˴
Ӧңá
֮䣬һ
á֦εᱻͻȻľٴ˻ȥţĻŰĵصͷ
šվеɢȥ
ôã⼸ա
ˣոʱôһ˲䣬ȥġ
֦μվĬ֣㻹ûţ
ڴҲֿ˻
ˣվհ㱨¡
Ρ״ν֣ЩӦ֦ε䣬ظһ顣
Ρ
š
ᣬ֦ηҺǫͬʱˮ˭
֦ŵſ죬Ҳûбϡ
ŴҲ־˭⣿ҲյĶǫ
ǸЦ𣿡˶٣վ˿̲Ц飬ֲ˾䣬Ϊʲôǫ
ǫǻٵͶĵǸ½
ǫԲվ죬վԭֻҪվ죬Ͳٶӹע
ɾǰǫһͱ
ԭҪɱվ죬ӡٴν˱㡣
شҡվ棬ȥ֪𰸡
ΪʲôҪǫ֦У治һ𣿻Ҫȣ
أվʡ
㲻ǻ书𣿡֦ͣ٣ҪҵĻҿ϶ȵġ
˵̧꣬ͷȥվı顣
Ҳڿ
ƺȷû˵ѡ
վĬһŵΣĲǵû﷢ˣ
лҪ˵qaq죨Ҳпϣٸһ
ͻȻҿĺ
ƽһ£
֮ǰո Ϊ2wֵİ񵥣ֽס


 47 

֦Ļ, ȷػصڻˮȻң
ȥվᵽ, ˮ˵ѡ
벻õĽ, , Ǻֳжġ
, վĺᶯ˶
ûȵ, ̧֦, ǰ֮˺Ц, пҪҪٲһ¡
ѵб飿
һ
, 㻹ǲǵ, ҽʱ˵Ļû˵, ת¡
ף֦λǵ̸, ʱв, ǫĶµģ
վ΢㶣Ȼ˵ͷ
ǫĶȷµģҪ˵Ļ¡
㻹ǷһҪ󡣡
֦ͷһ£ȷ¡
మ, Ӧò
మĸָ, վĶͷ˺졣
ⲻܳΪŹɡ
ƭҡվ촹Ҫ
ޡ֦ξ˵еȷΪЩʲôҪʲô
ȴӦҵҪ˵䣬վס֡
, ƺǲ»ϡ
Ȼ¶ȣǲɢеҵϡ
ȷĻҵҪ󡣡
á֦κԥصͷ֪վӦֵ̫Ҫ
ͬʱָȻ۾
ҷģվҪһִУȻҼᶨ
ȻҪһ𡣡վ첹
ʱ֦εĶͻȻͣվ졣
ⲻǳͷúһûʲôõġ
ţԹԵؼ˵ûأԸܳͷͷÿÿҹܴ׵Ŀ־塣
֦μȺ´ףԶ˵ͷ㹻ء
վһʱȻ
ֱ֦δ˴Žӻ
һһٵ˵ҵҪǣԺ۷ʲô£㶼Ա뿪
֦û뵽һҪ
Ҫ󲢲ѣΪʲôҪ
ѾǰеΡ
ȷܲʵ֡
ʮꡣ
֮¡
Ȼʱվصͷ
ҴӦ㡣ϾԺôꡣ
Ĺʮ֮ٿһôҲ١
ԡվ콫ʵ鷢ҵġ
֦εڶվ˵ͬĻ
ԽڸҸףֻվָ⻮ȸнӵϣ
ʲôվûлش⡣
˲Ƕƺʾ
֦
оʶ
ǵлأڴ¥ôġ
ʵǰиڲͬĳƺƺʮͲʹá
վʮ֮ǰһֱӡ
ֱһʶ֮ûޡ
ĵһǲʹùܵĳƺ
ڣֿˡ
졣
šվЦ
֦ο֮ǰº͵ЦݣЩ΢Ĳ졣
޷кβͬ
ֻãվˣƺܺ㡣
ǣԵ
ʲôʱǵģ֦ξ˺þõ¡
±վ緢ݡ
ʱҾɡվĬƬ̡
̽üΡ
ȴһһεʧ
ꡭ˵ǵʱҲȷ
ƭ˵һ̽
ֻ֪ҪûеõҪĴ𰸣ٸһһεĻᡣ
ʱҲꣿ֦ι˹ӣװΪʲôң
´ִ̼硣վ콫ơ
˵˻ѡ
ޡ֦ȴˡ
ʱֳܲô̼æֳָ
˵ֳָܹٲ
㣬¸ϳ
ǣ֦βٶʣ뵽վ˵һ֪¡
ˣո˵
ţվβ
ڵ黹㲻ʻ֮£˵Ҳʵش
ĸǫ¶ˣϧ֦ιעԶȷĵϡ
šû¶֮¡
ĸծӳ
οҪҲʹ
ǡ֦˼Ƭ̣ǫôôָˣ
վΪ˵ǰգǫ֮¡
µĲҩҽκǳ¡
ϾǫĹá
ǣ֮ǰȽڵʱ򡣡֦ҡҡͷҾͼ
˵ţּĹһ¸֪վ졣
ôˣվ˼֦εǫﲻԾ𣿡
վձס
ΣҶ㡣˶٣˵ԾǷ
ͻľٶ֦ԼȻֹһ䡣
˵Һþ˵ﶯ졣
ȴ˵ǣõĶ졣
Ȼ֮ĸȷʵ˾޴ı仯Щߡ
֦Դı飬վ⶯˶
֪⸱ģˡ
̾Ϣһ˵ҴǰһֱɷϽйϵ
֦βŵؿ
ôܣ
ҸǫµԻҩ֦¶ȵ飬վ̲ס
֪ԻҩϽĲ
ϣԹ
ǡ֦λ޷ܣǷҵŮ佫ôѹ
ţ޷ȷվδ𽥵ͳҲһȥ
˵ȥһʱɫ
ں֦Ŀʱָƽ
ĲԾ
һʼңֻΪǫϲ㡣
Ҳ֪ûϽ͸ǫΪ˴̼ҡ
ûᵽǣʵǫΪ
Ƿϴͻʱĳ˲
ΪʲôҪ¶֦βʵ
µԻҩпΪ˿㡣վϸֳ⡣
ɣԶ
Ϊ˴̼
㵽ʲôţ֦βͷǰ꣬˵ĸо
վ޿ޡ
һϵǲαװƺѾжһ롣
ˣˡ
Լʱ֦ξҪ޷ܡ
ԣܵɫǰض֡
ңļةҲᵽվĸþΪˡ
ҲǺĸվĴ𰸺ϻһֶ˵һ䣬ֻǺҵĸص̫һδ鵽Եɡ
֦αʾ⡣
뵱ʹ϶Ǻ֮ˣȴ֮¶޲ߡ
¡վ¶º͵Цݡ
а취ˣ֦δ²µЦĺ塣
šȻ֣Ӱҵļƻƶ֦ηġ
ûü䶨վһ仰
ӣվҶʮˡ
ҵ˻ûã֦θϽؿڡ
ʱеĻеʱ
ģҵȨ޻Чϵ˻ܺáлңһжΪҵ

֦ĹվǰĲ顣
ӣ˲þܺá峺ͷţգǱ㶴ɡ
лҪ˵Ϊҵ֢еڣ
һдͿģǣ
Ͽд

 48 

֦ڿջ鵽˷ſڵ
Ϊָ, ÿٷվιԵġ
֡
ϴʾܾվ·
ǵڶգڷˮ塣
ˮ, ô
ٷ, үչ㡣ˮص
١ˣ֦ε촽⶯, , վ찲ߵģ
ôܣ
ˮսฮʱ͸, Ǹʱ, վ켸ûκϵ
żƵһ
ʱͲ², Ҳ̫ˡ
˵, ճฮ, ͻ, Ӧİš
ǵ, ˮҰߵġŶվǵĶԻ, ˮ壬ȳȥ
֦ϵˣòסڸڵķ
Ϊβشǰլӣվ˵Ѽֳһ, ûҪլסȥ
, κ֪֦¡
վڴ£֦γꡣ
ֻ¶һ˫۾ǲ˵
ˣվͷ֦ϵı¶̶ҴҴǡ
ȫ, û˵һ仰
֦֪˼ĵ˯Ա߿žͺá
գڰ˯ţٴ۵ʱܿվߣĿתؿ
ٴʧûж롣
£֦ܾŵվ졣
Ե½Ҫʱ֦γסȳ
㵽׻Ҷ£
վĶû֦ͣεķת˹
Ҫ£ºֳǶѾ˵𣿡վʮᣬѱ顣
µʧ˲ߣû뵽Ҳϳ
Ϊ˵õʲôó
Եʱ¼֦λᱻߣڣûС
ֳţֳ˵ʵ֪Ҳ޷
Ŵˣ֦βɵס˺Գһ˲ͣ١
վ쿴ºֳţôģ
ֺܿ췴ӦⲢڵص㡣
Ϊʲôңϲҡ
ǰδ˵һϲ
ⱲӣĸҲֻᡣ
Ϊ֦룬ƷԼĲ²⣬ѽ㲻˵ŷַ𡭡
վ쾲ȴһԲ
ô˵ˣ˵˵ţ֦ӡ
𣿡վдŲײ̽ʵҡ
֦θ˵˸ҡ֣ͱס졣
ţվĴ졣
ǵСȴӡ
վ죡ҧǱߡ֦޷ϲǾĹ񱣬ôҧǱߣ
ͣ
ĶʣҲϲҧĵطֻڲ㡣
㡭֪ģ֦εԺֳ︡ײҶʱվĻ
벻/Ĺߡ
յľû𣡡ǰ˺ظò˵ǻҵĻǿ󡣡
̬洫ġ
ô治ĻվȴûΪռ˵Ծع𣬵ΣӻȨ͹صӣǴûб
ʱҶ㲻
˻һ֦βڱ΢΢һ
Ҫ⣬վֲЦˡϷ˵Ů䲻ǾˣҲϽˡ
˼Ǿ䲻ָǴ󰲡
˵ģ۷ʲô£Ҷ๫վָỮǣڻζʲôҲôá
˵ǣȻҲǡ
ԣ֦۾
վ컰е˼
ѡԵغĳЩ飬ԴЩ޷ܵࡣ
վΪٰĹˣôĳĻǿһ㣿
졭֦ζ˶٣ܹʵ㡣
ȻվԣҲ䡣

Ȼ֦ξͺˡ
ϵͳûƭȻڻָ̺۶û¡
̺ۿܻӰǵҸ
Ȼϵͳš
ٷˣָǿһԹˮʱ̾һ䡣
ϾϵͳĽָ
֦ĬĬش
ңǰŵģһҪ¡
վںա
˵Ҫڵգ
ү
ʱվ˽
˺ˣˮȷһ顣
ٷѾȬˮ˵ͷ
֪ˣȳȥɡ
һǽ̸֦βؽ˽֡
ѾǸˡ
ʮͣڹŴҲѼǡ
֪վڴ/ϻʲôġ
ɨһվ죬һԼ
ҲΪ䣬ĲӼᣬ֦εȴĲȵ
ǳɫۣ߹ŵЦע⵽ߣڵ˫ڵķ
ģҪġ
Ѿɻˣ̡
֦οοԼ
ӡվճڴ¡
ƺʱ֦εĻһ
Ѿɻգܾ֮仹Щʲô
ԣڶӦЩСڴġ
ˣ֦Ťͷվ죬ŷպ˺ɫ
֪ģǴɫϲ
òϣɫĺ䡣
ֲã˵ϲɫǺɫ
֦ε˼ƫĹûվ컹ǰ
ҡ
׼һ£ǰһС򡣡վ쾹ûᶴ֮¡
ôˣ֦ϻǴ㶵飬ָ˸ա
û£֦ҡͷôͻȻҪ뿪ˣ
ֳˣҲˡվɻ󣬡Īӻգ
ˣ֦æ˰֣ͬʱ˿
ǽţе¡
ۡ
˵һζۡ
תһ룬Σζûзκκ¡
ڴ̫ͣãҲվȹ
ȴ֪վҲͬĴ㡣
Ҳ֦ζ

֮ǰǵִһС
Σվ첢ûѡƫƧĵ·
ֳҲû˴󰭣⼸̻ؾ
ʹûзֵ֤ݣǸˣةĵӣĳ֣϶һʱ䡣
ڷ
𣿡֦ʱںվŹڷ¡
һվüǫûܳɹҶæѲܻԶ֡
ޡ֦
Ȼа취ֻҪ룬Ҳһԡ
ǰǣĺվ޵ǵûĵز
һûв鵽ҵԭ򡣡վǲµ֦룬˵ҪȻ˻ϣҸ̽ࡣ
ȥϣһµʱɣ֦δʱޱȺڣ·ȥֳ
Ȼվ˵£ܾΪ֪Ųֳˡ
ӡվ֦νݣڷϰԵȥԡ㣬˯ˡ
ޡ֦λعվ콫Լߡ
ȵȡ
վ죬Ϳһ䷿
һ̧ͷվ¡
㡭һԡɣ
ֻվ촽
ֹԧԡж
лҪ˵Ůݵ׵ɾˣҪԸף
ĳ˿ʼ𽥱̬ǣ

 49 

˲ûһԡ
֦ϴ֮, ɽ˱
վֻһ䷿Ҳζǽֽ˯һ
֪˯, ͨϵ˯, ǡ

ƽڴ/ϵ֦۷ſ, ԼƮ
Զŵ, վԡ
Ȼȥ, ˮȴ޿ɱشĶ
Ȼ֮, ˮͣ
, ϴˡ
֦ʶسתȥ, ȴǽһӰ
, ӰͷϷ
ӡվֺسǰ, ˻, Ҫ𣿡
á֦Լ, 򶨡
Ȼվķת˹ȥ
ô£һͷ⧲ײվظ֦Σһ졣
վֻЦЦ
ֳԴļƷ˿档
Ҫλû׼, Ҳɡ, ƽ
֦β׽ɫ
ܾģ
׼ˡ֦ε͵͵˵һ䡣
ŹţɶҪġ
ԣվ΢΢һ֦ε˿ָ⻬䣬ڷһ
֦֡ϸû
վǣĿԵش۽, ֣ȴĿĵй䡣
ֽȻͬмţ֦βر۾
ҡվ첻ۡ
ҪĻӦ
֦α۵һ̣վǹĵطֻ֮ˮ

ҹѷ֮ʣ֦Լм
ʱҲɬػӦ

գ֦˯磬Žѡ
ӹϴз·ڿ˵Ĳж
ˣ
֦εϤ
ƫͷվЦ

ҹ֮꣬ٽƺ֦ξ˵øС
ţӡϣվִսҧҧĶҹطǺˡ
˻һ֦Ժָһĳ
ͬǵһΣΪʲô㡭˵棬֦εʧ
վˡ
֦Ȧס
꣬ļ֮ˡ
Уһҹǧٱչķʽ
ȴ룬ȥʱѡһ֡
Һãķ
֦ʱվ˵֡
Ұ㡣
ͷһõЦݡ
Ҳ㡣

ݵĻ֦µĽŸ˼֡
ɻ˴/ϡ
ĺۼ֮ǰĻҪһЩڲסżˡ
˵ִѾִﾩˣ֦ζڱֻ̽СԴ
뾩ǲԶӱޣڱɵ
š
ߵվһţֳɸ봫š
չ֮ʱ֦εҲ˹
ҶվȻע⵽֦ε
Ըģһ˿⡣
ҹÿһġ
ѽ֦εͷȻ󳯴ŲŲԱ
ԽѵִﾩǡᵽļƻҸ󣬾һ֮
⣬վͣһ£żѽ֦֮¸֪ңر
Ҳ֪ˣ⻰֦κشӱ˳
šվŮϳһ˲Ĵͣôˣ
֦ԥƬ̣ӻôˣ
ǼˡվȻ·ֳܴ֮ܽС
һֻ̣֦ٸн
ǰµĹϵܣǹ⻷Ҳ
վţΪ˹
ֳһ
˵ֳȷһϸֳ
飬ţĵá
˵
ϵͳΪǽǵݣ
֦βҽ⻰֪վ죬ֻøеϵͳߣʵҾǣֻһֱϳ϶ѡ
ΣϵͳĻظܼʱ㲢ûдǵݵȷǽġݲǰ׽ģҪĶ
ʱ䡢Ͱ𣿡
ʱǡϵͳͣƬ̣鲻ǡ
⻰֦һ㶡
Ϊʲô鲻ǣ
ϵͳûٻش
ͻȻУǵĽǼ޸ǫ
ϵͳȴ˵ǵİ鲢֮
ȻҲûܼ޸ǫ
ʱġ顱վڿ
Ŀ̫ȣ֦һϣƿۡ
죬ո˵ļƻǺͷй𣿡ֳֽݻζһ飬©˹ؼʡ
šվ첢û¡
ִ֦ο˵ʱ΢΢һ
Ҷˡ
ǽհմϢ
Ҷˣ֦һ¡
ҶΪʱѾߣҲǸ¶ˡ
ǰʹվ죬ܲҵҶ䡣
Ҷվһ£ϵͳ͸¶ģ֪¡
ĵһϢǺҶѾ
Ҷų˿סվ򴽣˶ұɱ֤
ԣֻǻš
뾩ʱѽ׵û뵽
µ֣
Ѿµ𰸣վͷһ̣֦εĻǿһ£
ġվߣǣס֦ε֣һᱣġ
վ˵Ǳǰ⵹
ѵϷҲûʤ㣿
֦һ
뵽ֳ˵㣬Ψһ㡣
롣վ̾һ
֦εװ׵дϣ²ѡ
û
ĻվµǶڴߡ
һ̧ۣײ
˰⣬Ũҵռ
Ǿ֦ĵǻ뷨ֻʣվģ
˵ҪΪңǣ˺㡣
лҪ˵ӦӦòᱻɣ


 50 

һἰ, Ͳ֪رó
뵽վվȻΪǵȴΪ¿, ֦βɵһ΢Ц
ҹ, Ͷʮ, Ҫʲô𣿡
šվ, ˵һ, Ѿյõ
˻һ, ֦κò׻ָ糣΢΢
ҡһûиأ

Ȼվ֦βصķ֮, Դֳؾ, վĴࡣ
, ΰѵ֦ʶط˸
, վӦ˯, пܻײʱ, Ѿ˳ع˴һࡣ
µ¶ȸվ뿪齶ʱ
ٷˡˮۣĬĬߵ˴ߣķԸ
ˮ壿֦۾, , ʵʲôʱˣ
ʱѹˮص
֦Լʹ̾˿
ҹվǰһոӹ֣ûܰʱ𴲡
أڣûվӰ
ү³ˡ
ˮĻشԼ࣬һֻһ䡣
̧֦ͷһ, ǰ֮毺õò
ĪˮӣͰ䡣

վûл
֦δյΪ׼һٴף
ƹģ̨ɷһã
վѡҿջȻشƫƧһӦȫ
ƹĵͷ֦˾䣺Ӱɣ
ᡣƹҡͷͬʱӿ֣Īûиջ
ллƹġ֦θмһЦ
֦ˮ峯ƹģ˸ͷ
˼ˡ
ΪˣƹȻϲԹɫ֮ûж˵ָķ뿪
Ǳߡ
ϣ֦δˮȥ˳
м֮ңʱˮͣ˽Ų
ٷˣ
ԣ֦Ծ֣ûж룬ֱ˽ȥ
֦ηһˡ
ֵǣ̨ϰŸʳģлƮŵζ
ף֦ǰѾ׼׵ʳģ΢΢һ
Ҫſȥˮ壬վǲ֮ʱһײ˸Ļ
Ͽվ촽ߣº͵Цݡ
ӡ
׼һ֦δ˴֡
ޣֻ뵽ָһٷ
ң֮ǰʹӦġ
šվûзϣӣһɡ
֮ǰõֵӰ֦εл֮ȥ
־¼һǼԴȤ¡
ǣصͷ
˭֪վĲǷ
㣡֦۾ʶվԼߣȻ󡭡
ֹѾˡ
б˵ġ˵ţվ콫֦α̨ϡ
ƲС
Ȼǰ֮˵룬˫̱òпϣ߳øȡ

ʱվ챧֦λԡ
˵һ𣿡ԡڱ֦ε˵һΣĳˡ
ôڳ£
վһֶŲ豭һۡ
ջסǡ
˵Ĳ֦
һ˵꣬˱֮С
֪ǮǮôġ
šվͷѾͬ⡣
ͬҲ֦̽Դվƽ˫ʱԹĻ˻ȥ
ܲµһ仰Ҫ˵ʲô
ҹڴ/ϵʱ򣬴Ӧңǣ˽ʲôԡ
Ŵԣ֦Ȼɺ졣
⻰ȷ˵ġ
ǰǣ벻컯֮£վ¡
ӡվЦһģһ㣬ûܿס
˵⻰ʱɫ·̸һƽ֮¡
̬֦һûסͷ˹ȥ
վ쵥ֽסͷ˹
Σӡ΢΢һЦϣǻҪ˯
֦β֪˯ָͷԼ

˻һͬٷ˳
ֻȫվΨһǣ֦ηŵʱ
ۼ֦Ҩһǣվ΢΢һס֦ε䡣
ٷŵǡ
֦λͷվüӣһ¡
ɻ
Ҳϲ̫Ķվ͵
֦οԼǣֿ˿վ
ϵı˵ʵ
ǰôң֦ǰʳ
վپܾ
֦һΪվһʳߡ
ԣϸ룬ȷܾ
ǵһμʱվ;ܾõ֡
ʶˣʼͶι
ʲôʱʼıأ
ǡ
ʮ꿪ʼ
ʮԺվδ˵һ
ʱվ첢ûֱӻش⡣
ֻǻ˸λãȻһ§ס
Ϊϲģ
֦ĵϲûδãվֲһ䡣
Ѿҵˣýȫġҡ
⻰֦εһ
վɫͫףƺ׵Ī
ƬƬƣסеĹ⡣
ðҲýȫҡ
ϣ֦תرס¶Цݣͼɢվ
ΪԼо鰲ŵǸС̫ǰΪºӭZİԼ
ףǸݣĹҲֻһˡ
ˣϣվ졣

䣬۵ƣ֦δʱҧվľ˵ÿһ仰
վҪů
ҲҪվĹˣ
ⱲҪ˯ͬһŴˣ
ݺҧŵվ첢ûͣĶ
ָ֦εգߵ
ӣұ֤һΡ
֦û˵
ڳҲô˵ġ
ҪǣҲ϶˵
վ˵껰סĴ

֦εѹ
죿ûƿᣣͿеˮ塣
֦εƤһ
ٷˣү˵һڻϳǵ㡣
ˮĻ֦εʶ˹
վֶˣ
ԼĲӡ
µĺۼʹ
ԡ
ҹ˯ȥ֮ǰվԼԼ˵ΪִмƻҪ·
ðˮ
ҹ֮ʱ֦οƵȻسˮͷȴһʧ䡣
ڴ/ϵʱ˵
ļ̿ʼˡ
Ů˲ǿķǵ
մŮŮ˵֦롣
ٷˡͻȻ֮䣬ʻİҲ⴫һ£Ǿܵﻴϡ
ԳֶεһĹ˵ȷǺܿٶˡ
֦θǣƺı仯
ȤһΪһֱֹء
ᣣ֦β飬Ļش˾⡣
ֹүУȻƵһٷˡ
գĿ֦κԥΪվ쵲һ
ӡܶүϵˣ֮١
վǰֹֻ
ɵǣͬһˡ
һܣֻ֪֦¡
ֹǸƷ
֦δֲµıƺԭΪ
Ĺ۲ĸ簢ӻͨ
վڳʱӻṧһٷˣһתͷֱֹ
һʼնûбƺ
ܵõϿɣ֦һɳɾ͸С
ٷˣү֮Ҳ˵ˡˮͻȻڡ
ˮ弫Ҳ֦ε֮¶ݡ
ʱֻ֦ܿźˮơ
˼ЦЦ
໥ġ
ԸΪվ츶ǰǣվͬҲΪ¡
Ȼûпظ֪վ컹ϣõرġ
õķʽ̫ˣڡ
ˮ岢֪ǣ޷ʵ仰ĺ塣
֦Դ룬żҺãҲá
ϲңһȥӦϲ
ˮ¶֦βٶԣת˻⡣
ϳǸʲôĵط
һֱûܴվеȵĴ𰸡
Դ֪ˮվ찲Ÿˣˮ
ˮڻϳǲﳤվĸİˡ
ǰ֦δδ˵ЩĴڣΪֱʼվ֣Щվ¶档
ʱ֦εĲ²վĸӦԤϵľ֣֮ΪЩˡ
ĸһ
ʵվϾܿ
ة˵վ̳ĸò
ĸǻۣҲϵõ
ɲ֪ΪΣ֦εӡУվĸûкĸ顣
ѵΪĸߵ̫磿
վĸһ棬лϡ
ϳǡˮ֦ε˼־ǻһ˵¡
⻰κһ˿˵ʮִ治ġ
ˮǻϳ֮ˡ
˵󰲶Ӧھǻŵλ
ִ֦ûгԿ⻰΢
ˮҲ˻ϳǴ˵Ĺ۵㣬ֻϻ
ձȨ
ӵȨĻΪҪվȥӣ
ǵãվǱȥǵġ
Īλ
ǰվ±ȨǼ׵¡
λøվ죬ҲܽȨ߱ԭ
֦β²վȨпΪ
ʹϣվĺܶ಻ϳ¶Ϊ
ϽйأվȨɾˡ
ˣ̧֦ͷһˮ塣
ܸܲ˵˵Ͻʲôģ
ˮ΢΢һ㶺󣬲Ž˻
ٷˣϽʲôأ
ʵ֦Ҳ㶡
ǰϵͳΪлһˣΪʲô˿ϤڵĹȡ
شˮʱЩɡ
ҲûȥϽϽ뻴ϳôӦ÷鶼֮ɣ
ıǽػϳǣ⻰ﲢûԵƫĳɼ
ֻˮĬƬ̣ŵٷˣϲ𣿡
ǣᵽǣ֦ԺеĵһӦס˶ةฮ
֦ΪฮŮԶʱĸܴྶͥ
ٴδ飬ݵĽ֮ͣľе޴롣
Ψˣ̬ûзת䡣
վ¡
¶ǶԴһշվ죬ǰҪϼ֡
֪һʼܾ̽ǰȫӲĵġ
ȻһҲˡ
֦ĬĬ̾һ
žǣ۱ᵽʲô뵽
ҲûôϲǣУϲˣԸھǡ
Ҳϲ磬ΪվڴˣԸ
ˮ岢֦⻰⣬ֻĬĬص˵ͷȻϳǣȾǸʺϾס
ţڴȥϳǡ
ȥվĵطףлϳǱߵϽ

ʱƣ֦ζԻϳǵڴʧ
ǰվ飬ûоһ·ж෦ζȤ
뿪ĵգ֦Ѿ쵽˱ıԵ
ϵͳܼܲ⵽վĺڻֵˮһ·֦ΣѾٶƤӣϵͳ
ܡ
ôվڻֵĹܶʧˣ
뵽֮ǰվߣȻ֪ܵĺڻֵ˦˦֡
²˳
֪һСȵĶĻζײ˳ϡ
ôˣ֦ν
ٷˣ
óأһԵˮҲƿᣡ
֦ΡһϤӵ¾ôһˣ

֦ü
þһֶΣͼեÿ˵ļֵ
ôɤȻ
ٷˣùĻܴˮʮּ٣ȥԵܼ֡
֦εżȴҲûгȥҡ
˵Ż
֦Σ޸վ죬ʲôأӮù𣿻º˵ջϽ
֦ξĻֲԾս
ջϽվ첢ûиܾºҪ
ĹٻӸŻ֮ڶϣĲ֮ʻڼӵ¿ǺֶΡ
ӸŻ£
Ҷɵġ
ֻ֦Ƿħˡ
ϽɻҵĺᡣĻĳ̫ԡ
֮ˣ࿴ϽˣᣬФվ֮λ
ʱΪԼȷѡе⡣
վϽˣ
⻰֦һ
ûס
֦һƿᣣܿȥصʬ/塣
ԶİˮˣƲ࣬ϸ֮ϲûԵ˺ۡ
һ£Ŀеĵȴһֱûб䡣
֦λɣҫġ
ҫԼ޵ĺá
̧֦նӡ
վǻӣϽɻҵĺᣬ˵ֻһݣ֦εķ
վĺڻֵΪ50%ٽ
лҪ˵ֵ߾qaq

 51 

죿֦γܿ˿, ȴûҵҪǸˡ
ϵͳļԲָֻˡ
վĺڻֵս½, ǲٵڻ
ǰ, ֮Խ, ·Ҫĵ׵Ĵȫͷų
ôӵ, Ҫʱ, ôأ
Ȼ, ֦βûбƵӰ쵽, ʣϵͳ, ĺڻֵǶ٣
60%ϵͳѸٵػظ
, ֦۹һ
˵϶ѾɵĽ, ȴûɵӡ
֦β²ӦҶˡ
Ϊ˵ǰ˵˵ʹĻ, ô, Ҷ֪ʲôӦأ
ˣ֦ĬĬ
û뵽ǣĬǵЦʢ
ֻԼ˶Էʹ, ֳʤ׷
㵱ʲôأô, ¸Ѿߣ
ֺ֦̾˿
ôӵСųӵģ
ҶӰ쾹֮
֦βɵõӭZվ˶ᵽҶαװıԸȻͬ
˵ҶǸ߸ϵӡ
í˾ҪϸλȨһһҲĿȾ, ѧ˸߰˷
һ룬䡣
ֻ֦δʱӻֻǸ衣
ӺվʶҶĿΪգȴ޶ơ
ȫ׼ۣɴĻֻΪһ
ֱڸҶͽա
Ȼ֦κԸ⿴ҶиϺȵĲʱ֦β
ϾˮԵֹۡ
ˣصͷƾɥ˵ұͲҪλá
Ҫʲô
ʱ罫һЦ֦εĶС
ţ
֦㶣Ťͷķȥ
վ
õһѽǴ۵Ѫɫ
ЩѪŽƺȡʵѪ
վϣƽЦݡ
ֻӣո˵ʲôΪû壬ɷ˵һ顣
֦ʿˮ
ֻǴ˳Ļ˵ȥԴˮʱ䡣
˭֪վ쾹ˣ
ֽ֦ͷ˵ͣȻŲվࡣ
ֻ޸㣬ǲӵݡ
˵⻰ʱ֦Σֿ档
šվÿŵֻ֦εԴˣ˵ķ
֦κ޲Ŀվͷϵֻ֡
˻
죬ôڲų֣ϻǹɵ˳վ˵ˡ
ϣֽͷ͵ø£Ϸĺ졣
վ콫֦εķӦС
ʱµڷ
֦ϵ糺죬׺Ѫɫ
֮£Ȼϲǰߡ
ⲢΌܺߡ
ȥҶĹˡ
˵꣬վͷһ۲Զϰﻹûü
δģվ졣
ЦĿκε¶ȡ
ǰѪɫĳģʹȾ˹Ϣ
ʹվĶ棬վ켫òԶһ˿㽡
һ̣⡣
ʹҶɱģҶҲɱ/ˡ
Ҷ˵ǣ򲻵ѣԼ֡
ңҶҲ޷ɱ˺ܱ侲
ǰվ죬ĳɻǸӰĴڡ
϶ûմһѪ
ƫƫѽվ˵ʹе߸
ӵ£ɱ/ˡ𲢲֪˵⻰Ŀģʳ˿ڡ
վûж仰ֳκηӦ
ȷ֦ὣڵĵطȥ
ⲻ֦εһμվɱ/ˣֻĬĬ˵һԼĴӰվ˵ķӡ
վûлػֱӼ˻սﾪ˾
ۿվЦԥؽŵǿ̣Ҳάֲסϵı顣
֮ûдվڵѪĽʱ¶˷顣
ʶվͲǸˣ
ҺãûмҪΪ
س֦һۡ
һۣŶڹĿɱУԼվѪԵ
Χʣȥ˾ҧߡ
뿪ǰյĪߵ֦
⵹ΪĿ⣬Ǽվһ¡
վҲע⵽ı仯֦һµ뷨
׷ˡŰˮҡͷ
ΪȻҶ⣬ôȥ˻ᴦ
ϣƫͷһԭص֦Ρ
ǰ֦֮꣬ʱûü̵ӡ
һΣʵʵڵصǰɱˡ
졣ع֦ͻȻ˵Ļģ
վûж
ڵ֦εġ
˵ҪջϽ֦ŵضվ죬Ҫ
Ϊʲôվ죿
ô佫Ϊʲôһվ£
šվ˵ͷվԭء
㡭ȥҪλ𣿡֦Сʵ
ûᵽȨΪлһֽҡ
šվͷͲ֪ҵĸϲϽλøˡ
⻰֦ζʱֽš
Ը⣬վǾǶȨ
ϵͳô£˵չվɱºӭZĹһģһ
ػϳǶȨոϽžǻؾ͡
ȻڽʱȻ
ѾˣΪʲôվ컹·ȥ
վĺڻֵѾȶûкڻĿԣ˸Ľ֣Ӱķչ
⣬֦μվ
еڼվ¾Ľֱǿиı䣬Ȼֻص˾ɾ򡣡
վ쳯֣˹ȥ
ϵͳ˵Ȼܸıվ¾Ľ֣ȻҲܸıھɾ򡣡
𣿡վøɾֽ֦§ûܱܿϵѪ
֦νմһɫѪһմ£һĨɫͻأںϡ
Ϊֿ
£ΪҰ㡣֦κеغϣ˵Ƶһ仰
˵ţִ˴ϵС㡣
Һϲһ·ģ죬㡣֦ιӣװӣԷϴɾ
лҪ˵qaqӶķ
Լ˫˶


 52 

վ, ܿ췴Ӧ
ţҰϴ
֦Ȼվϴ·, ͷ΢Ц, Ҳ̲סЦ˳
һܰĻ, ƫƫʱ
ү, ѱá
, ֦εЦһ, Ѹٵץסվӡ
ҡ
ɡվһǣ, һָ֦ε, ֮ǰǵøϵһС򡣡
ǣ
̧֦ͷվ, һ˿ɻ
˵⼸Ϊ˸·, ûڿջЪվһЦ
Ѿµ֦ƴ·ԭ
ޡ֦ʶػӦ, ǲȷһ顣
һ𣿡
š
վͷ, ֦β˿
ǰ̲סֻͷһվ졣
Ҳǡ
֦ν᣷µһ̣ĵ׵Ļ̻̲ɬȡ
Ĳᣬƺվ͸Σźš

ջ
ˡվ쿴֦΢΢, ȴûͣĶ
۵ġ˵, ֦ͼȥץ֮ɢʵĳ
һȴΪҵĲץκζ
ˡվؽ֦εס
ͬõ˰㣬˳˼ĺһԴרһǡ
ʿ¼, ʾȨ
ӡǵ֦Σԡٴ̱ϡ
ʹվ첻˵Ҳܴжиܵ
ղҲˡ
һȥϳǣ֦ٴκվȷϡ
ԭߣһֱû뿪
š˵꣬ߵһѽַ
ֹ֦ʶڰ󣬱㳯ļһ
ļƻĻŵǣվĶβν̾
ͻȻ๫治
վ˫֣ô£ȴҪᵶɱ/ˡ
ַ
ۼ֦ĸվᡣ
⼸죬ҽ˼ɱҵˣûпӰ
ɱģǷˣ֦ʡ
Ҷġ
˵ţһ߼֦ΰĦ
ʱˡ뾩ԶҪңԱܹϵߡ
˶٣ջϽҪؾܷ⣬Ҳشҡ
֦뵽ûеӦʣ߽ؽ뾩
ңվҪ뷽⣬ӵȷʵǿơ
˵һйȻΪǰ
ˣ֦ƫͷվӡ
ΪʲôºӭZأ
̨վͻܵв
˼֮£֦ξеʡ
λλ𣿡֦뽫ָ͡
վһסָ
ָ䴫ؾ㣡˵£Ҷ
֦εȾ죬վŷŹ
˶ҵġ
˼Ķû⡣
֦֮⡣
ظǿһ顣
˵¡
šվüȻᣬֻ첻ϳǡҶæӦֳ̫ӣҲֻɼҧˡ
ֻҪǻصϳǣл֦ܽ
ֹվЦøᣬҪ˺Ĵۡ
һ¡
ֻ֦ĬĬ
վֻɱ¸á
ʱź֦롣

ڽվԣǼûֵ
Ȼƽ˾֦֪վ콫Щ֮½˱
ʱʱվҲû
Լķʽ
ԣҲΪЩܼ֮¡
գ֦һƿ᣿վıӰ
ţīɫڷҡҷ˿ȴɫۡ
˵վŲæ
йص£Żֳ
ߣʲôµأ
ҴһƳһӰ֦εľͰ
ٷˣǽվִܵﻴϳǡˮͻȻ
Ȼҹڴ/վѾһΣ⻰֦»һ
̧ƳվȵϣǸӦߣȻͷȻһЦ
ϵĴݲȷ֦˽ŸС
Ǿ⣬Ƕδ֪Ľǡ
ϾҪȥ
Ψһĵס
ʧȥᣵڵ֦β·ķ羰֮ǰͬ
ڶעߡ
Ⱥǳͬһڽǵ룬ɫ󣬲
֦ϸ˵Ļ
Ϊ˱

֦εĵһӦվĶʮ
ĻĲ롣
ǿɲһƬġ
Ȼε
֦γվȥ
û·ߵĶԻ
֪θܡ
졣֦λһ
δҪ˵ʲô˷Ӧ
šվٶȡ
㡭֦һڣƳվϵ·ЩûĶ
Ĳ⣬ΪѾϰ׵飿
һġ֦е뷨շת˼ǳһ򵥵Ļ
֪վ찴ס֦Ҫᣵ֣Ӧҵġ
˵գתǰ
ǻһξ룬֦μæٴˮ̽λ¡
뿪ϳ֮ǰүԼ̬Ѿ簮ĳ̶ȡˮ
ΪΣ֦ʡ
׸ǻϳ塣׼ҵŮȻ
ˮĻشƫУȴʵݡ
⻰֦βǵһϵţϳ֮ǰʹйؼ¡
ļãҲ뿪
ǰڻϽĳҲռ鱨
ˮ˵ڳΪǰǳʢĴҹ㡣
֦ζȤ
ǵ·߲а
ҼүɫȻڡиʽʲôšй
ɫˡһλս˻
ԶԶԣǹɫˡ
Ȼ֦βҹͬ
ǱʶΪվĸĻ
ĸճڶǡ
񣬰ѽڹȥɫڣֻε
վվĽǶϣֻ֦һᡣ
ʱͣ£⴫µ
³ʾ֤
˵ĸ
أ֦κ˾䡣
Ǳϳسǵʿ
վ첻ӦѵҲסˣ
֦ȥֻûᣣͱһߵ˿
վ졣
Σس֮˵ÿǵ˶ܼ顣
º͵Цţȴһ¡
ŭ
ǲӣ֦գգۡ
վҡҡͷȻ
һ³ֻʿؽ͵үð֮Ϊ˱֤˳УһжǰүķԸ
лҪ˵ڵϳqaq
ӦûӸ


 53 

һ硣
վü, һߡ
ͬʱ֦θܵվסԼЩɶ
³, ʿΧ, ⶼ˸顣
Ƭ̺, ǰʿٴγվ˸
վ¡
Щ˲¡
΢΢һЦ, ٴǣ֦ε, ͻ
Щ롣վһ䡣
֦εͷ
, طӦ
վ뿪ϳʮ֮, ƺɼǵķ羰
ʮʵ, һζݵͣ, Ҳδе˿ĸı䡣
ֻ
˳Ǻ, ܸܵչү̸ࡣ
˵, ʹٴλصʵ, ʮ
վʵʵڵʧȥʮ꣬ڻϳǣӦΪӣٵʮꡣ
֦˼ҷʱ, ǵִ˻
ٷ, ˡ
ǰ̻Ի͡ΰ׳۵֦ȴûԵĲ
ҲھǼҵĺլǱռơ
֦ε˸յִſڣλӭ
һǣ˽ǵ
ү, ˵̬Ȳʱû
ܼҡվѸٵ˸֣ò
վϳԼܼ¶Ͱ׵΢Ц
үˡ
һ˲䣬Цֵȥ
ֻĿŵ֦εϡ
ǴصἰλļȴûжΪ˽κε
ΪĹܼңܼҵ۹ⶾҲӭӵԭ֮һ
ܼһ֦κԥӭߡ
ǰΪʱฮմŮݣٻ̽۹⿴
Ȼٴδ飬ݱͺ֦μﰵشѾ䲻
ֻ̲ס˲
ţ֮˾ӡ
վƺд˸ֺֻ֣Ħ˼¡
֦εеҲ̼ɢ
ܼҡվĻǰ֮˴к
ͬһʱ䣬ܼջߡ
˰үǴ·
ˣҼǵ·վһ֦ο
үܼѸٵƵ˵ǰ˸񣬡ү֪ǰػϡ
δܼҵĻ˵꣬վͳ
ҵԺӱռˡ
õǿ϶䡣
֦һ
˿վĲ²⣬ݹռվԺӵˣĶ⣬ޱѡ
ϣվ첻ٺܼҶԣǣ֦εֳȶķȥ
ˮ󣬶סܼͼĽŲ
鷳ܼҰүٷ˵Լһ£
˵ʱȻΪȴʮǿӲ
֦ȥԺвɵʱ˫̥֮һڵĳ
ûס͵͵ЦЦ
ֿǵվĸܣɿлı顣
֦һЦȴҪסģվ
ܼǰҪн̬
ЦЦɣû˹ܵ㡣
ĸ
ܵҡ֦Сֹһ£̶̸֣Ĳͬһ¡
죬Ժӱռˣ᲻
վĽŲһ͡
ǰҾ
οҪģ²ֹ֮
ûĶ
˵ţЦԽº͡
ֵĶҵġ
֦һ㶡
ڵ˵һ䡣
վͣ٣֦Ρ
㡣
֦ӵǾ䣬òͻٵĻ˲ʧӰ١
ͬʱʶվְڸס

֦β²վ滹ǵһһľ
֪ʲôԭ򣬴ʱ˲ࡣ
żȻҲæ߹ûͣעǡ
ͨԺӵ·ϣʱļ䡣
·ʱվ첢ûͣ½Ų
ֱʧУ˵˾䡣
ֵıǰҩ
֦𷽲ſһƬɫֵĴĵ
վʣϴң
ʱ֦εĶͻȻںͯ
ңң
ţ˷һһƹԺǰĹĶС
̧֦ͷϵҶд֣ӡ
վҲ֡
ЦһԺӵֶˡ
ԭɽԺվ֦λڶҶ
֦γĬƬ̣ջĿ⡣
죬ֱҶϵĺÿˡ
վд֣ڷУڰο
֪վӹĻ˵ȥ
ⲻҸ֡أλˡ
λָȻεĻ
δ䣬ǣ֦λ˽ȥ
׷ϴң
ǵĳֲδԺĺͯͣ½ϵ˶ͯǶûж࿴һۡ
֦ƳվЦ
ǻû߽һɫѵŮس֣ǵǰüӵʵ˭ǽүԺӵģ
Ǹ书ġ
վûǰһ
ٸǰװŮ׺ݵվ죬ﻹóһѶ̽ʾв
ˮ塣֦ο˿ڡ
ǡˮӦһ˲ǰ·֮ıһ䡣
㡭㾹ңװŮŵؽֱֱ̧سָ֦˻
֪򲻹ˮ壬ζơ
֪סԺӵ˭үδӡ
βδ£ˮذ׾͵ĺ䡣
δӣˮ廰ŭҼүúõվ⣡
ǵվĸĻ
Զˮ˵ֻվݡ
֦δδ֮ˮ壬ҲװŮ̬ȸŭ
ƽָ
֦бŮһۣҲ֪⻴ϳλӡ
˻һϵĺͯͣ
Ϊ֮˳˹
֦βµĶվͬĸĵܵܡ
ǸӣƫҪװ˵ģ
мһ棬ϾֻǸģӰ
ٿվ׵ܣ֦̲סĬĬ²һ䡣
λĻеĲеࡣ
ͬʮ꣬վɱǰ֮˵ֵ
ȺУһվ졣
վ׵ܵĳ㣬֦øһȺͯУкüñ۵ġ
·Ŀۣ֦β̾Ȩƹ˵Ϲ
վʣվº͵֡
վȴƽ޹ʵؽյѹУʶصͷӦ
ҡ
˵꣬ŷӦûҪشǰ֮˵⡣
硣վ΢΢ͷ
Ҹ磿վһ飬ȵ̧ͷܺվӣ뵽ǷϣʾǶӣȴܼ˽
ܼһƼˮֺĶ
үϢŭͷվǸոæµδػϵϢ֪ͨԺ
һү֤ʵվݡ
к±ӹҪ
֦ξá
վ˰֣ʾˮ¡
վ߻ͣ׵ܵϣЦⲻҲȻºͺ͡
Ҳ֪ܵܵĹ˭̵ģֶк
վʵ΢ţʼûܽгһ硣
ʹĸ˵վĴڣǲϵġ
һԵܼԲԺ˸ߺүظˣ
һǰĽ֡
վתͷ֦˵ȥҵĸ
˵գתԺȥ
վʣȥһ
Сүô棬ȥүˣܼҼվٴμϣɸֵ̾
֪ˡվʲ鲻Ըطϣĺͯ˻ָȻظܼҺ棬ȥ


ǰŸտδȣС˵үķ
˿ڲ裬ʵܼҽǰźˣ
С˻ظĻûüڣͱϡ
ΣС̨ס
ҿ˵ţ֦λǲСĵزȵԼĽš
վס֦β˼ӡ
û¡վ찲˵Ժ̨ײ˾ˡ
⻰Ļüͷ壬ֺܿػָ
Ĳ豭£ַ˷Լͷϵӡ
֦̤ʱĻǶŵһ뿴ߵˡ
վ첢ûҲδͣ٣
վ죡óٶΪĸ
֦ολŵˣ󰲵һĽüԼվ켫Ƶͦǡ
ףԳ֮ΪڵķɫΪ佫ص㡣
վòǼ̳ĸ
֦ΰó˽ۡ
ү֡
⶯֦ξζ
ǰĻȥ˼ꡣ
ˮ˵ʮ޸ǰ֮˵Ӧڶʮҡ
ٵòƲϹɫˣҲ㲻ƽӹ
֦ξ̾ǣλ˵·ĹɣȴֲʧŮʸС
վǾĻĺˡ
رߡ
ڣ/񫡣
Ϊתע֦кϵͳ
֪ĺڻֵ
25%40%ϵͳص
˶ûдﵽɵĽޡ
ĸվȻ֦ʵ
Ҳϡҵ׵ƺء
ôأʶˡٿںվԻһֱƮߵĲ豭ϡ
ٸտӣվǡþ߽
վ۵һ˿Ц
ġܵܡɱʧ
ĸվʿٵؽгƺͲٳĿ룬ڶʲô
ǡǡ֤ʵվǷ
׵ܲϽгһ硣
֮£ֻýתƵһ˵ϡ
Ŀն֦εĲգվֳ
ӣ
׵͸ȻȴųظС
վĴȻǳǳ΢Ц˿ǿЦ
һԵ֦αȾĵ۾
֦ηֲйķʽˡ
öԷȥᣬԴ
Ȼ㶡
վ죬ԺĪʮǰճûµĺӣ첲ҪӵĻ档
Ȼġ
ӲĳԼĹ⣬Ҳ
Ҳվõͳ븸СʱסɽԺ
˻һ͵ؿվ졣
ߵɨߣϲûԵı仯
⡭Ƭ̣û˵һĻ
վƫͷ١
ʱ·ߵİἰǰ׼ҵŮ硣
һӲѰٽҪ˵ڵĻ˻ȥ
ٲԣԾĻ˵ͷ
㲹ǿġ
ǱǲܡˣԽɽԺĻܼҰš
лȫվ˸ȻʰԺЩʱգɷȸ˰ŸԺӣ
Ӧǡ
ˣվǣ֦εС֡
뻴·;ңԶ
ɡֻ˵ͷûж˵οĻ
ǣܼ·վ֦ȥһԺӡ
ԶٲſĻ
ү˵ţʾվ߹
վʲ֪ɽԺӣһĸĻ
ӦĻֻ˵һ룬үȴ˼
գұָ֮£ڴ֮ǰһ˵ţӵͷǷŲչֹ顣

µסŸ·Ѿƣ֦ɵڴ/ϡ
ӣʱʱؿæµվ졣
ڽ˵
֦ɻվƵؽ͵ɽԺǸסġ
֦μĬһſڵʵĲǣ
̾̾㸸ЩھǵΣҲڲ·;Ƿǰջ
˵վʸҪվ첢ûͣĶ
վĿ֦ξƺ⡣
ɸոеı֡
ֳ֦ķվȻʧЦ
ôȥԼҪܣ
Ǹɵϡ
ֻʣ޼飬ҪҵĶ
վ߹֦ε
͹ˡ
ԣ֦εһ졣
ɬ֮£ΪʲôվҪǵǹҪȥɽԺ
ӡվ츩Ҵȥԡ

ҹ롣
վ۾֮ˡ
Ŵۣسȥ
˯е֦ʶض˶ⲢΪվǡ
վĺڻֵΪ60%
ɫվڸ
ߵĶСܹѾߵĶĿ
ͣɽԺǰ
ˮ塣
ү
վسӰ
ְɡûκɵĺۼֻʣҹɫޱߺڰ
лҪ˵ڿѽСʹǣ

 54 

ҹ, ֦Ǳѵġ
죬ʲôʱˣ
ʶΪ𴲵վ졣
֦ԹҹġС, ȴһİŮ׳ǰ
ܼҰԺѾߡ
, 鷳Ͽȥһˡ
ʲôˣ֦Ժسһ, ȴûзվӰ
һ˹
վˣ
һæҵػ·, һ߼ٵʵ졭أ
үѾˡһԵѾ߻ص
ˮأ˵, ſڵӦˮ塣
ū澲֪
վڻֵΪ60%ϵͳͬһʱ, , ֦θӽ
ĺڻֵôͻȻˣ
ǲʲô£
֦Ѹٵش·
ƿŵһ, Զд۵Ĺ
һ˲Ϊʱ峿
ٶһ, Ǿǻ⡣
ʱ, 컹δ, ǻ˴
Żˣ
;, Ⱥش߶ָشĶ
Żĵط
õ۵֦θż
ô£
ߵ⣬֦ξվ
ŵء
Ҹɵġ
˵Ļȴ̫Ծ
ţŭɶ쳹, ֦ζɵò˲, еݸǳϡ
ӣˣ֪֪ʲô
ǻǰһ磬һҹδȥͳģ
֦νʱһߣŰ˯ѵվʼҴҵظ˹
ǰ΢Ƴ֦һۡ
յԴĿ, ֦νʼ硣
վѾֺ̬ܲµλĿ
ŴԶ׷Ȩơ
飬֦
Ȼ˻λã;ܻ֮λˡ
ȻҲĶӹ
֦ĬĬһ䡣
ү
λС棬ֱ˽˻ĻС
վһֵ߲飬Ȼǻδ˯ѵģ
ҪѾߵĲּܱѣ˰ʹ˸ɫ
˽Ρ
֦ҡҡͷֱߵվ࣬վһ𣬲ס֡
ӣ֪ȵ
֪վЦƺɱȴ˶
˷ŻеԺӣվүǰ
֦εĳ֣վҲºЩ
⡭ӣʢŭ֮£ûŲԣĺӣ
վضĿ⣬˵ҪɽԺҵġ
˭ˣ
ֻסĺۼվ카˹ţĸµǿɽԺҶ֪١ҵʱֻջٺм
ҪĶȻôǴеõС
վüƽ˵һ¡
ʱƿԣһԵ֦ζûסĿ
⻰ɲ򵥡
ظҲӵԻϵ˰ավЦЦǷŵĺ仰
ᵽţٵﳹûЦ⡣
󰲵ĵΪӵվмӣ˿û֮¡
Ϊվ첻ٻػϳǣȴûǰ
һ֣͸үһݴ
뿪ϳǣǰ֮ǰͶԺࡣվ£Щ
֦Դع
µĻȸˡվǰ˶ûȥ
ע⵽Ե֦Ѿ͵͵ش˺üǷ
ʱվʺؽ
ĸҪҵԺס
æȥס죬һ
֦վЦһ
ѾܹվЦ
һЦʱĶǺ⡣
վʣҵԺӡ㲻ǽסꡣ
Ȼڶվ˵ܸоĿڿ
ҪȾָĶ
ٵֲɵ߬
Եү˻䣬ûٳ
ϣվ֦߳
һϷ֦δʱ˯ȫޡ
죬ɽԺ
šվѹɤ֦ζ˵ҪԺӣΪյ
ĸɲὫɽԺ
ȹ˼գٴ߷磬ԺȻֻᵽ
Цǣ˵ҪչȥӵҶεظ߹档
Ϊҹñ˵꣬վ콫֦𣬡𣿲ĻǼҹ֮¡
֦æص

վ챧ڻ֦ͼġС
˳ȥ
վû˵ø
𣿡ѵһΣĶ޴ᡣ
֦βش𣬵оվķһΡ

֦˵Ļ
ʱΪܹͨ徭Ӳһͬˣеʱ䶼ѧϰ
ԭվĲŻ粢ġ
֦ηԼ
ӦǱ츳ּ˺Ŭ
ȻԱ׵ܡ
֦վʺϷĻ棬˾䣬⻴Ͳ֪һˮƽĵ
δ䡣վ컹ڼ˵
֪ҪΪӱǡ
֦һ仴
ھõˡ
վؽ֦§
һʼĺòǴġ
ˣ֦ؿľ䣬ϵ
ʹͼ
ȴ룬վ컹˵˳
ҡ
֪һʼֻϲҵվ
֦Ļں
֮ǰôûվ
Ϊʲôϲ£վͷ
֦һ
ʵش½ôᣬֺÿ
ңŮ
Ŵԣվ촽
㳤òҲͦġ
޵֦˲̧ͷȴײЦ
ƭңݺݵشĸ첲㾹ƭң
šվһЦ
˭ɵأ
ûн仰˵ڡ
վü䲻ֵ飬֦ΰġ
ֳ˲䡣
죬ô죿
ȻˣȲһĸͻȻ֮¡һ䣬վֻ
̫ƵҲá
Բ
֪ӹһٵ֦գգۡ
ͻȻűı
лɵĶ𣿡
ĸһ꣬Ȼ빬վ˶٣ȻܽȻҲܽ򡭡
пǼ𣿡֦δĶĬ
վ΢΢ͷ
ֻʱ꣬˽֤ǴѾ伣̾Ǽһ˵¶š
֦ȴɴۡ
գ
վĴҵߣҲΣ֮¡
лҪ˵ףovo˳齱
ʸ30%ɲ룡

 55 

˻һ, ֦
ˡ
ʹ֪Լ˵ҪƵĸ, ʵɬѡ
۵Ļ˯ɡվ, ҴñǺ, 
δ۵֦, һƳ׾ĺ, мɫץۡ
Լŵľٶ, Դ˱
վ촩, ֦ζģ, Ц, ֻ, , ҵӡ

֦ٴ, Ȼĩʱ
ˮͳĴࡣ
֦ͬʱվ֮
ү鷿ˮ
ҳ극ȥ˵գ֦´ϴ
æù緹, ֦α鷿
סԺӵĳȲฮľ, ҲӸŹۣʤʤڿ֡
ȥ鷿·ϣ֦ˮ̸ҹ֮¡
үԷŵĻҺͰȥûӿˮҹʧ١
վס
ˣ֦ҲֻǶˮͷʾ֪ˡ
ûнӸĻϵһ
˻ٶķʽ޷ǾǼ֡
֦αֳƽ, ˮκβԺȴ˲䡣
󶨸֦δʱıӰϣ̾϶ٷˡ
֦β֪ˮ룬عͷˮһЦݣ̲ס˵ˮ壬Цͦÿġ
ٷˣߴ·ˡˮָָһߣ鷿
ޡ֦Ӷ䣬Ұοһϵ·ġ
Ϊ˷ˮ·Ųˮ岢С
ˮʶһȴ֦§ס˸첲
߱ȽаȫУҹİ˽ѣһ
⻰ǳ֦εġ
ʱѾܼҰԺеˣδ롣
ӦȻ¡
ȻԸվĻع飬ƹܻҪڸ֣ҲǼ¡
˵ף֦ξԼ޷Ӧլ¡
̤鷿һ̣ϵĳɫδȫȥ
ôüģվ߹֦üۣϲ
ҡ֦γƬ̣֪
Ͼļҡ
ǣ
ףڻʲô̿ŵֽɵú档
㡣վЦЦǣס֣ߵߡ
ܾ֮ǰͻˣֻһֱûлó
ŻֽΩΩФŮ֦εһ
ʲôʱ򻭵ģ
ԼǴǰʼıʡվ˵ţ֦α¡
֦εֽֿϣ˫鶯
ڵ۾
վȴ˵Ӵʱʼġ
ʱˣӡ
㻭˶ãʡ
¡վ첶׽֦еĴ㵣Ц󻭵۾
Ǵڼǵʱ͸
Ҽǵõ廨𣿡֦ʶʳ˿ڡ
Ȼβδ£͸еڲѡ
ӸƬõ廨϶ǸģⲢ顣
ֻǼȻվ˵׼ļǷô
վ΢΢̾
ʱ˿ļܸоġ
Ϊ׼ġ
ļƻһʧʱͻΪ
֦Ҳͬ뵽㡣
ΣһææؽתӦרעǰ飡
˵꣬ճȭվĿ˿
ţҲǡۼŻ̹Ȼݣ΢Ц
Ȼһ뵽ǰ֮£վȻڵЦţĻ䲻Ծش˼ڽ
ҸǴҵܴײ
֦վ߱Ȼ˰϶
ɵûعͷȥ
Դһºվ콥رˡ
𽥽ıͷų
Ҫ׼ñŵ
ˣ֦챻Сϵͳ
ݵؽվ죬ϵͳûйҲп͡
ϵͳûʲôǰʹã
ûСеĻеնػص
ˣǶ벻Żȥָϵͳ
Ҳ֪Ҹ꽫ǣйһ˿⡣ǰվ콫˼
Ҳ֦һֱû׵¡
ʹձȨɣ󰲵δἰҪӽ֮¡
Ҿة˵ξ뻴һĸͬԲŻĵؽȨ
վǰż֦Ʋȫǻµľ
˲пضԴվܳ˾¡
ڣ¡
ʱ֦γֵطԼûûεʡ
һվľɫòٴҰοֲֶŴ
֦βϲϿصı顣
졭ػһ
֮ɫǼʧ
״֦ε顣
վ̲סա
˵˵£Īھ

պǼ
Ϊˣ⼸ջͼڳпַӼƶ
ͬʱǰ˳еľ¥ѵϯ
Ҳ֦·ϿǻϳǱӵԭ
ܳѵĴͣȡѵʳߣҲۼһݡ
㸸Ǯţ֦󣬸̾Ĳƴ֡
ϧǮҲ֪λվ˶٣Σ
ʱ֦κվԺһǣ塣
ԷĻ˿һŵƽأ˿տҲ벻κݴʡ
д͵Ժӣּãʵ̫Щ
ฮӸǲ˵㡣֦˵ܶ࣬ߣָ˿ڡ
Ϊǳ֦뵽ฮة滮ģϾةˣȻⷽʮֽ
Ӹȴǰվϲýɵġ
ҵɽԺĸԹ滮ġվ֣һһµ棬ȴ֦ӣ֮⣬ÿһ磬Ҹ뷨
֦ʱլӡ
֮ΰ׳ۣſڵʯʨӿȥȾǵĴһЩ
߽֣Ȼ⸮
ŸװΰڼԼֲ֮٣ӾϿӵش
ǻҲĸ⡣վЦģɨ̣Ȼطһӣȴģ
ûֵĵط
Ż
ϧ
ֻ֦վ컰ԼԼŵϧ
ΪʱĻ䡣
ûµģ˻²Ҳ١
˵⻰ʱ֦εĻǹﻹд֡
뷨վճΪү²⸮ڵװΣҲõ˻Ǳġ
ϾˮҲ˵ˡ
ãλãվ츸ױˡ
֦εĻվһ㶡
֪֦ζڷȽڵķУȴû뵽Ȩѵֵز
һղ޷λ
֦β֪ܲ
ȴһƽ˵治Ļ
վʱЦ˳
ƫ֦һãȻ
ѵ˵ʲô
վǿѹβЦữ
֦εĿɨԶѾʱȻ
ڴλõ⣡
үովҵװŮ
֦δܼҴ֪ﻭ
յյţһü˳۵ģ
ֻδӽˣ㱻ˮס˽Ų
£
ˮ壬ﻭǻյֺʹСȵض˶
ڲ
үү
Ŵԣ֦κվһۣ߸˸ˮ˻֦ε
֦λǵվʼվʱɢĿܺͲײη塣
ﻭ˵һվ죿
ɻظˣվʵ
ûСﻭͷԼɫЬ
Ǽӵ
վʱҪһ档
ҲҪȥ֦γվ˵
šվ˵ţֲûͣ¡
һӡ
֦ˡ
ûӦվʹչҧҧĶ
Ӧҵġ
壬ҪӦʤһ¡
վҪǡ
֦βҶ롣
ֻ֪Ϊʲôϲ̬
Ϊʲôڴ/ֶβ츳

վסԺ
ǰǲɢˣҪ˵̸ȴʼδһԵĺ֦ͯΰԻǷվ졣
˵Ƕ磬ֻڵĸ
վ˿̵鼫á
ĵվʿڵͬʱ֦εһ衣
֦ȴһۡ
꣬ɽӹյ衣
˭ء
ȿȣСıǺ֦οȳҲ˿е
ʲôȡô˵ţվɫ
ʱվʵԷһ¡
ЩµҪۼΪʵ
˵վ첢δκ˺֮¡
ʱ˾Ѿȳ֡
˵վԺʱҲκ֮
ĸҲչٶ
ǶǴͬĿġ
ǰ棬վʾλ粢ûĸ˵ǰ£ԴԼʮġ
֮仹ѪԵϵ
֪վܹ۶գظϵֶ¶ܺԥᵶ߱ҲվͲΥĸĻվһ档
վʲ֪վʵģ
ֻʿˮءѵ³֡
磬ʵһ㶼뵱ӡ
֦ξվĺӣһѪ
ôصģ
Ȼվ첢ûпڡ
ֻǵͷʾ⣬ƺڹվʼ˵ȥ
֦βòϣվαװǼƭԵġ
º͵سһЦʱӵǹ⻷Ҳ޷Ŀ
ᣬͬڻҴһվʡ
Ĳ뵱ӣ
վ첻ţվּҴҵظһ顣
һΣһЩ
˵̲꣬סһ
⸽ûˡվ˵
̤ţð֪ܵ
һ̫ˡ
ΪԺͲٶվ֡
ôܺĸˡ
ˣվʽͰ͵˵һ仰
˵ֽ꣬졣
ˣ
վɫѸٵػָ糣
վʵĻ֦ǲ죬ŷӦ
ĪϽˣ
Ͻ˶Ѿ͸ˣ
£û˺㡣վ
ߵЦºͣﶼɫ
ſ֦ʱƵ顣
վʸӼᶨǸˡ
վʻԥվ컺ؿڡ
Ϊʲô뵱ӣΪҪ̫飿
䣬վʵͷСװһһ㣬֦βɵЦ
վ׵ܣɵеɰ
ţ⵹ǡվƫͷվĿԡ
ܵܵ˼̫òˡ
̰棬Բ顣
ܸĸ簮ӳԲ˿ࡣ
̸ʱľ
Сʱҿᱳˡǡ
Դ񣬵⡣
վʶʱͬܣ˻
һûʼҾȥ
һ˶Ի֦ΣŬסЦ
ᱳ飿
վ⻰ҲƭƭⵥĵܵܣɼǵĿı¡
ǵճӣûѡ񡣡վ̾
ĻһתҪĸ´顭
վװķӣϴˮ裬±쳣
ֻõԼϻһ£̫ܿ˿ھС
֦öһһ㶵ġ
װ/У
ƫƫվʻ֣µرʾˡ
ң֤һλȤ
֦εĻ˵ֻ뵱

뿪վʷ䣬˵Ժʱ֦վüۡ
ôˣվϵЦⲻ
ȻվʴǼ취֦Խ˵ԽС
ùվ򴽡
ķʽ˵Ӽˡ
ڣúõػš
վҲǸóһն
Ϊѧ֦գĴ۾
ôǵãվδӹΣܺѧฮة⡣
ѵڻϳǵʱ
֦Լ°ͣüпܡ
ࡣվ֦εɢĺݾ
ΪĿģ˺ݣԼݡ
֦ĵվצʱ̲ס²յ־ôЩ
ҪǣԺһֱصվĻ
ص֦ȲʣϽѾ쵽ˣ
пܡվµ¡
ʱн֦վҲǣҲǣɻ˴ϡ
Ѻվ̬ǺЦֻĳķΧ
ôһ㶼أ
ֻվƵشϽǻϣ綼ҵġ
лҪ˵նһ֮ǰ½ ֺöovo
ð޸ĵʾ ׽棡


 56 

֦ȻǶվĻŲɡ
, λñģϽ, ᱻ󰲵İͼ, վ컰еĹ֮
ں㸸֦ͷ, , ֮λܰɣ
Ȳվʱ˶λúȤ, Ҫ, ûϵּ⡣
վ첻ÿɷЦЦ
ڴ̽뷨, и⡣
˵, ֦˹, Ȼͷ, ߵ˼䡣
֦ε
㡭㲻˵㲻ա
Ͻ, Ե, ϽҲ͸Ϊ߽ؽĻ
Ͻ˲֪ϸڵֻ֪վǻӡ
վ˼ܴĦ뷨ܽϽڲ
ɼվ˵ȫ֮, ˭ܱ֤м᲻ʲôӡ
ֻϷˡվ찲
УҲϴϷ£֦նؾܾ
Բ۾, ¶֮⣬㻹˵²˺㿴Լ
˵⻰ʱֻ֦ûվʾĲ
Ҫ֪뷨ֱʱˣҪϽ, ү֮λɣΪʲôһҪգ
ļ֮£֦ι˲ԴǺֻ֪վΣ֮¡
ֵֽģվشЦ۽ǵ붼ŵı
֪ΪΣ֦ȴôʱվ˼ȻУƽʱЦģ˵Ŀ⡣
áվЦ꣬׵Ӧǡ
ģ֦κɵشվɫ࣬Էġ
˵Ƿ˵϶йͷ
ȻӲʣֻ˶ΡվʣҲһԡվ̸׵ܣϲ޶ı顣
˵ףĸӿϵĵܵܣûκϵ
˵ǰ֮˾ӡ
ôҪ㡣
ǰ֦Σ׷һʲô
վֻЦ
ˣ֦̲סȥҡֱۣͼ
һСģ˲ĵط
˽һ㶡
վ֦ȷӦ˳ϴ§
֦ΪҪʲôʱ֮û˶
һ̧ۣվü
ͬһʱ䣬
ү

֦²һɣȴ֮˵°ӣмҪү
ȥɡ֦æ˵
šվֹƽʱЦݡ
֦λûüɿվ˵˾䣺ϼ
ƽ·̸Ѱ¡
ֻ֦ҰοǷޣд֮º
͸Ķӳ顣
վ컹ʹӻ㡣
ԣվųȥ
ԸӴҪĴ𰸡
Ȼ
վ˱ۣڽѹȥ

үӵͷվӡ
Σ
վβȴ˿̵鼫
ǾҲ벻һ侲Գֵүڴ£ôæûü밢ͨϢ
ֻ֪֦ǳүһͬ˻ϳǡ
շת˼ûҵүеĴ𰸣ҶصǺϢ
ϣ뷨ȥҵ˵һµ֪ߡ
ţʱ򡣡վͷԤϵϲûԵľϲ֮顣
֮󣬰ּ򵥵ػ㱨·ȫվ춼δ˵仰
иˡ
˵꣬Ҫת뿪վس
ǵð㽲·Ϸ¡
ϣվŽݣ°һڷͷԡ
ү·Ϸ£
վһϲ˴̽£ȴἰȥ˽·Ϸ¡
ɻֽվ췽˵ĻϸϸƷζһ£ûܵóۡ
ȻүķԸȻء
ƺо²үˡ
˵վ֮ǰǻعⷵգǱȻĲˣζ

ҹһ֦Ҳû
˵ΪӦг趨ʡ
˵үͼΪ˳ﱸÿü磬Ҳ
ʡ֦鷳
գվֱ֦վȥ졣
վӦĿǴ׻ֻ֦һĬĬع۲ǡ
ģ֦ʶվʲǸ簮ȣʵƤĺӡ
վӡòྶͥǵĳɳ켣޹ܾ֮ͨôʱǰŵ˸һģȴƵĸо
ҲΪһͬѪ
֦䳯վķƳƳʱ΢Ц
š
վʸս˼Ȥ£֦βδ壬ܸܵվϵЦżС
֪ܵվûд
ƾŹ˵ļ֦λվἰá
˵Ǿ仰˼Ҳ˵Ŀ
޷ͬܡ
ο飬̫֦ζãվǵԲʮ֮õź
磬ɩɩ컹𣿡վʿͰ͵ؿżȥˣ
ñͬǣ͡ᡱĴԼĴɩһʱȻȤ
վҡҡͷ
õ񶨵Ĵ𰸺վʧԴ
գĸվֲؿڣǻڼϼ
վһ̧ͷ뵽ĸֹʹ
ϵô۸ӣһԵ֦̲סִͷ˲ٵĺӡ
Ȼָ̧𣬾ͱվסǣ
վµҪ¡
׵ܵļ
Ժлᡣ
Ŀ߳ԺӵվĸĻ̲סĸ˵󣬴Ҫˡ
¶ŵĵöõվ΢΢һ͡
죿֦μվͣ٣תͷ
ûվʵеزվ׵֮ϵͻȻ׵ضˡ
¡վҡҡͷ
Щ£վֻ꼻һ֡

ա
֦˵ղκβ֮ͬ
ūǵ߶ǰոƵŨŨϲա
֦Ǽ
ԺУԺĳָ޷רӡ
˵ذ׸𣿡
ǵվүͼϲŻظ
ϸм磬˿ɲСźšˮص
֦̾̾
ųû뻴ϳʱ˼֡
һա
һܳˡ
ЩǶۼ¡
ϺֻϹһν֣ӽͷβС·У˵ݶǹڼ
/ֶΣ֦εӡҲֻз֮
綨Ƿʢޱȡվ΢΢һЦﲢûԵ
֦⻰Ǳ̨ʡ
죬ڼϡ
ĥδǣվѽӹĻ˵ȥ
ţҲ֪Ĵ𰸡
֦βԹɫȴûܶվһ̣ζ
飬֦ʶʵϵͳڵĺڻֵǶ٣
50%ڿɿطΧ֮ڡ
Ҫȥġϵͳѵðοһ䡣
֦Ȼ
Ȼվ˻ϳǣҪԲпʵ
վӦ٣ŻĻᡣ
ϣվ컹нһ顣
վٴϼ˵ĵ·
鵽ҩɾȵĵزǻվһȥ

ƳʱЯ˸
г˰һλŮ죬µĸǺǵļҾһͬǰμļ硣
֦һ˲䣬ֻǰĻʶ

֦ȥ
ţɴ۾
ģվ߱ʱļ֤ߡ
лҪ˵һqaqĻʣ10ң
˽ֵд
ҺĽְӬ

 57 

֦ζ˶, Ŀ˻
ĬĬذοԼ֮֮
½, Ҳż˽
ռױõǵŷ, һϮɫȹ, µĸϲ˼̬ӡ
߹ǰ˲, ֻ֦ͷǼӼڹײ, ˡ, ȴȵС鲽, Ȩ·
һĻڽǵŮ, ̲ס̾ѡ
ǰ׸ճС, Ҳ
ү, 
ͼһǳ, ӭ
, ڿһѣλүѾãӦǰμ, ܲô񡣡
ʹʮջ, ˿Ķׯأһʱ֮䣬ǶֻλǸˡ
վ쿴ǰľ϶˵º͵Цݣ۵ȴһ˿ĮͲм
ʵϣӦϯļ, мԭҲӴӾǹ
󲿷һ۾ϳվݣδǰ
λµĽ̲סʵүʱӵĽӷ磿
ϣžƱͣһ
İ٣ϵЦݳһ˲ĽӲ
Ѹٵػָԭеı飬쵽ڳ֮˴඼ûʶһ仯
Ȼվ첢δһϸڣõ֦Ҳ׽˰ٵΡ
Դٵķ򣬵ȴںԵվ콲
ֻ֦Ķ˵죬İ˶뵽ҪΪӷϴ
ΪףҲְ̫ˡ
˵ţԹԵҡҡͷ
̼䣬֦ζԻڴ㡣
ҲǣͲö䱧κε
Ķվһ˿һ֮飬ҲὫ͵ǡ
ʶ֦仯վ죬¶ĵЦ
Ҳֻÿʱÿ̶Ϊ롣
ʱõ˻İɤӣڵλ֪ӼվҪָ˽ӷ֮£Ӧٰ졣
֮ǣվҪӷǻ޹ء
䣬Ŀس֦κվķ
֦̲סһ䡣
ô֪Ҫָ£
סڸλֵͼϲ죬⼸ոϽٰ˰ɣ
ֵĴүǲٻеֻۣ֪ļΪʢӵĽӷһء
֦̲סЦ
ٵɫ˱䣬ʲôóԵĶȴֲ³
үٲ֪δֻһ˵ӡ
ҶĽӷ磬ѡաҶԻ֪ͨλƵؿ˿ڣסλߵ졣
˵꣬˿վ졣
ԽΣ
Ӹİš˵䣬վﻹſӣڸ֦μϺ
ĻûдĶػʱͷû̧
áվ֪Ȥصͷδƽ̫ࡣ
뵽ʲôŤͷһԵˡ
ʶôû
Сүڸ˱ϹϾػص
վڰ׸ˣʱˤһĻң֮ȥԡ
վʻû֦Ҳվ׵ܳٳûг֡
šվף˸õϺ⡣
Ͷι֦Ծر졣
һжʱῪڡ
ûվĿеȵվʵĻ˳
Сү
֪֪վʵѽٲ㣬ˣ
Ŀ֮£վʵǳ
Ƕĸλÿһžͳ֦κվλ
ʶٺסվʵĽŲ
֪ΪΣپվվλߣòֹ
Ȼһڳ˶˾
Ҳʶʧ̬æֱߵӣڰڣʶ쵽ĸ
ߵѾʹ˸ɫ̽վǣԡ
Сү̰ͣлǺ¡һλüŮΧ
֦ζһλޡ
ǰ
˵ļǡ
ؿ𡣡
˸ճԣ˸͡
ĴĽǣЩլƹĥ͸֮ĵķǸơ
ӲǼʮֳ谮˵֮λ
֪Ƽվڳž׵ܣһЦ
Сүͬ˳ëèԹɵ
ϧǣٲδ׽վӵĻ
Ͼ벻̶̼գվܽվʰ÷й¶˲ҪϢ
ˡվջĿ⣬֦β˲ߵĺۼ
֦δǰ֮˶ӣܴ峺Լʱľ̬
ˣվЦЦ
ֻ㿴Ϸˣ˽š
˭ôˡ
ֻ֦²ۡ
ʵվԭ򣬶ͷǸجһʱʧ

еһ룬½ʼ
վȴٳûж
ǰգʹǷҪ
ʱվĻشǣ׼֡
죬׼˰ɣ֦ĵʵ
šվ쵭ȻЦЦ
ʱĿбӣ۲Žǵһһ
׼ʲô֦κ˾䡣
Ƿݴ񡣡վ򴽣ֽĿͶ⡣
֦˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻϡµǧƻ
ﵽ˺ɫĵ
ΪЦգò˵Ѿ˼һգҲҪ¡
վ첢Ը
˶վ컺ķ˸
˿
Ůи̾λӵòҫۡ
Ĵߺºͺ͵Цݣ崺硣
վ˶٣ûϸõǸƺ
ƽȼĽﻹ˳֡
ŶɫĿݺƫڳ˾С󶼱޹ؽҪ
ЩˣΪ⣬վǣĸݸ˶ݡ
񵱳ڳԷΪվǰ㣬ڳ֮˾ʶغʱĳƺ
֦ܹЩ˵̾һ䣬վǿ󣬹ֲӲġ
Խעǰ֮ˣı֣ڵشɫ
վĸ˫ӡЦĻȶȥһģһ
׼һݴ񣬻ϲ
վϵЦδ֦ƽ޹ʵظ֮ܵ˵ڷ仯
ˮ彫վ׼Ľеȥ
ϰףҪǵ
ӹе˰Ե˵²涫ļֵ
򿪰ɡٵȴβס
Ҫӻ׼ʲô
ǡ˵ͷ̽д򿪡
ĽҾҲ̲ס쳤˲Ҫһ̽
˵һʱ俴˺еƷ
ǿ񣡡ֱӺ
ɫ覣һǿϺõ
м仹Լ˸ͼֻ˲ܿС
ҿٵ
ִټ䣬˲Գ
ǡ˽ݸ˰١
ԱߵĻһֱûгֱǰʱϸϸ˶
ҵ񡣡ʱ֮ǰ򶨣ڲ
үôˣҲĲԾ
뿴ϸڷ̡
ڽе㲻ùأЩܡ
Ŀ󣬾һ̬رȳ
Ҫ֪λú󣬻һǰ˳
ƽ˵Ҫȵ˵꣬ųԲ䡣
еؾ쵽Ծ֮İ٣Ѿ߽վʴ⡣
վҪȴһȰĸñĿ⿴һۡ
ֻûظѾȥ
ϯվҲδֹ
µ񡣡վǹһĨЦǾ죿
ܡ˵վ
ʶǰĳϣǿԼ
ʧ̬վ죬﷢һЦ
ʶĵǿ²µ˸ʱľٶζʲô
졣֦εĵ֣ôô䣿
վĺ⾪֦ΣȴûǿԼ
¡վ쳯֦εͷˮ巢źš
֦δʱ£ֻаߣδԡ
ﻹһ͸
˵仰ʱվ첢δǿ֣һ
ɡ
ֻһ˫̥ģĺӴһסˣ˽
ƣ龰һԼ֪ʲôӣ
վص
㻹ָǰͻȻֵˣŭڣɷ羰
Ͼܵλ棬ҴĿĻᲢࡣվӭĿ⣬һһٵ˵ȥϧĸ꣬ĻᶼûС
˻һ˽ͷӶ̸
֦ζ޷ȷվҪ¡
Ƭ̺һλվͬʱ˼ԼԴ
ڵƤϣ֦βʱ顣
һλǱƳ
֪ӿɷϸ˵һλ˵仰վţǵȴվĻӦ
ķԣòվ˵ȥ
վ쳶˳ǡ
ϣڳ֮ûôཫ죬ֻиĸǣҲ޷ⳡϷȥ
ɰƫƫҪΪĵλԽ
䱣ôãȴԴϡ
վ˰֣ҿ֮˵ݡ
˫̥еһλժ˵ͷϵĲ
֦λδü˵ݣͱվ쵲ס˫ۡ
죬ѽҿ
ͬһʱΧļǹ
һ߹һ֦βɵö˶
ôˣ֦ҡ֮˵ֱۣɸ۾ϡ
Ȱ㻹Ǳ𿴡еϵͳͻȻ˵Ŀȫǣˡ
ϵͳ˵⻰ʱ˼ϷԵĲͼӪһֲķΧ
֦θӺ档
ԽԽ뿴
ʱסڱƿ
Ȼһεرס
ˣ֦λǿΧڲϵ
˭Ƴλվ˽Բֻٴοڡ
Ͻˡվ
ʲôôܣɣϽҳ
Ͻһը˹һ㣬˳ñ֮ǰ
ôܡվ̧ͷλʧɫŮӣϽ˲ܳ˻
ʲôôܣ
֦Ŷظ˷
治ıʣ
ݵҧ˵һĻ
Ȼ԰׵ɫͲ·֤վĻ
ڳĽɻ󣬶ȴһֱûб̬
Ŀǰķչȷ֦εԤڣһлվ֮С
λ죬ս꣬Ӧ֪ϽɻҵĲӡǡվ첢ûٵı⡣
һѪɫ¡ӻ
λţԼλǷӡǡվ
ԣλ˳ƿ˵ĺ󱳣ȷһ
ţÿλ˵ͷ
Ҳ֤ʵ˵ݡ
ˣԺ﷢ֵġվֵ
ɡĲʶˣǰ٣Ҳû㳡档
ֻլ֮£Ӧù
ⲻǡ
֪һϽǣϹϵѹ֮
֮£֪α⡣
һΧ۵֦ͷǻķӦ
վ˵˵ݺ󣬻û˵һ仰
üͷһԲ˼ʲô
վȴߣΣ
ǰЦƵᣬȴƵ꣬ۡ
һ̣ԺоԸἰĻ䡣
ٴʱָֻ
ٶϽˣǰ׸Ů
վ˰ٵһߡ
֤˭֪ǷϽ˹ݺٶ
Σڶûһ˳
֦ƳվͦñȴǰֱĵиҪд·
û뵽ԼС
Ͻ˵ȴɼᶨվǱߡ
ϸ룬Ҳվݡ
ǸִˣϽûв֮
ţ֦ҲûԻһ˿øС
̫ƫˡ
ܹ۰ȴϷһ޵ĺӡ
վ⣬վֺγĺӡ
۰վ˵֦뷨
һ仰֦δʧɫ
ĸݺΪϽ֮ʱΪ˵һ仰ҲẬ޶ա
лҪ˵о۱qaq
ǲΪСʹǶڿܣqwq

 58 

֦, ڳ׷¶򾪲ֵ̿ı顣
ɫĪ, Ҳÿ
һʱ֮, ﾹֻʣµ
ڳ˵, ҹ, ػһҹ
Ϊμӻļ, ȴ뽫ļ¾ȥ
֦ο˿վŵվ, ߵЦ˿δ, оɫ
Ļû˵꣡
֦εԺиðͷ, Ҫӡ֤Ĳ, վֻؿ˿ڡ
ҵĸʡ
ûȻش, վ˵, һ㶼
ν֤, ҲԸ۾ȥһԼ֮ˣǸˡ
ĺԽԽ٣վȴŻ
ھʱѾ뷽˹֮¡Իֻּв, ûа⡣
ڼжһ, ڱסҴҵطһ䡣
߽֮˲֪Ǻˡ
ǣվ˽ͣǳ
հǻϵķǺڣ֮һĴڡ˵, վ˻ʺǧϵһĻĻ
ʺͬ裬ҲûҪٲһһ֮¡
֪֮£֪λãɻס
ʱվ鵽Ӧվڰﻭŵسȥ
Ҳ֪Ϊοôˡ
ʱŰȱ
ձˣС
ˣЦЦһػǰͷЩߡԣ뾩ǰҾ跨̫̫뷽ĶӶȻ֪δ
ڳ˵߻ʵԶס
ֻ׿챻Ӹˡ
˵Ǽ仰
Ǵʶ̬ԡ
в
ˣҲмλȻͻվһߡ
ǲУǷ˶᷸Ĵ
ӣүô˵ҲΪذȰ
ǰй¶ȥҲûκκôλƳĽͼС
ҲӦ
Խĸ£Ǹԣûоܻס֤ȷ䣬ǻϳ֮
껴԰ı⣬վЦһ
֪ϽȾ
ܣͫȻŴ󣬡ǷҵŮϽˣ
һա
֦ĬĬ²ۣеôܣͷ֮è塣
ĸαɵŮϽˣվ콫ͬĻԭԭػ
Ͻαװ˵ˡ
Ϊ϶ĸαװģվ̧֮˶ӣΪηգǼͲʹαװġ
һ˲䣬ӳӵ۾˷޵Ӱӡ
꣬ʱǴƵ顣
λսɳ佫Ⱦ˻ǲɫ
Եʱδܹľ⣬һ̣ӿͷ
һ磬ĵ׵ǲ㱡ĵ׵ܾʹ¶
Ƿϵ̱ԭλ˶ݵĳĬ
Ƭ̺촽˶
Ϊ̶ߺû˻¡
վĸ
ѡˣǵʱɵŮ֮ŮŻ磬ǣϽͻңҲΪҺá
ıߣԴֲھϵĲ㡣
ա̶Ĺѣй΢΢ͣ٣żҺĽ˶ѡ
˶ѣվɫ˰ΪҪĻ
ҲյĻҲҶġ
ꡭ
꣬󰲾̫ϻʵʱ򣬻δ
̫ϻһĸͬĻʵܣҲǻСĻ塣
ֻȻ鳤꣬µˣֶĹϵǸֵܡ
ΪСĻӣûȨѹÿֻ֪ھй䣬ңӡ
̫ϻʼݱδĻϼλ
һ꣬ƴı̲ΧСϽµľͼΣӲϽһƬģչһĹң󰲵䣬ȴԹλξҪνһƴá
̫ϻߵͻȻδ̫ӵѡҲûּܲ
̫ǰ棬λĴӣԼλѷɫĻ֡
ϵıֲǿƣҲῼǸĵ
⻼ڻɩǰŵԣḨ׵Ļֶѣݡ
ǲͨīѡǰ֮פء
뾩һ꣬ѡ꣬Ļǽɢ
ƤҲվĳڳȻҲٲĹס
ƾŻȥȭŹ˼һ
վĸκһ䣬ʮϲƽ⣬Żϲӵķޡ
ĺܴ¶ϽеļƻսʤϽҲóȻֻǣһꡣر۾ڻȥżȻϽ֮䣬ϵ
⣬֦δŲµ˹µ
ȻϽʶµ˲ǻǸŮˡ
ݺ
ǵݺ
ΪңҲǱʶɶվĸÿζܲе⣬лɡ
֦ᵽʱŮвŲһǵ£пɱ֮
µǣ֮ˣһѣ
ϸ룬Լ
֦æҡҡͷɲῴôųˡ
ţ̧ͷһӡ
ʹսɱеڶԴ޵ĸȴǸʮų
̶ʱʲôû˵ۣ۽ĺۼֱ֤޹ġ
վĬĬŻ̹ס
ĸļ֮١
ʹӶ˵ĸǼˡ
ɵھıɣ⹫˽Ե°;ǿֱĴʡ
ĸҲܵλɵӰ졣
ĸǻΪѡģĸʱһ㣿վһѪ
˵գأ£Ʊһڡ
̶
վû˵һĻ
գվֶͬһϷ
˵ٲϽʱʶѾˡ
Щ꣬ϵƭ/ԼҪȫ֮ʣȴǵĹֽҿԡ
˹ţǸĻ˵Ҳûˡ
վ콫κͻں޿޶ԣ׵ʧﵽ˼¡
뷨Щ룬ֱУǰ˼ҪϷݡ
պͻţ϶Ѿ٣ֻܴӱĵط֤ݡ

ⳡݲճ
ȵǵļҾȫ뿪վŴ֦λԺӡ
֮ǰ֦λͷһۡ
˷Ϊսӣصԭλɫ

ص֦αסĬѾõվ졣
ͼȥ⡣
졭վûг֦εĵػ˻֡
û¡վͷرס㿴Цˡ
Ȼ֦β׽˲еʧ
ĸԺͷйأϽϵҰôϷթһթҸվĶͷû뵽ɲС
ɲУ֦κɵؿһۡ
ɲţ
ðվ˵ģгˡվ޷ŪȥֻһһͣҸİ
صޣŽ֮áΣ˸ġ
ҴǰðȥĸĹȥվ첹ȻǼʮǰ飬Σ⹫ߣܲ鵽һЩ¡
緽佫λ˵꿤ءպλ˹ϵӦĸʶġ
˵꣬վĬĬ
᲻ҵ˼̫
֦ΰһۡ
˼ֲǵһ֪
߶飬ƾ˿ܲ¸ţ˼Ǹ޵׶
ᡣ֦ɤӣɫֻҪϡ
ϣ֮£ְ˰֡
ˣҲ
֦Ь/һ̱
Ȼҹ֮ʮۣôվû߱ľٶɵصȥ
մϴһֱͦ
ôˣվ컹δüϵ顣
֦Ǿ䲻˼ϡ
ĿԣѸٵصº͵ļЦ
Ц֦αЦۣ࣬ˣ
Ļ΢֮⡣
վ콩˽
ôøᣬôûѱȨҪ                        
лҪ˵qaq¸߱Ƚ
ݶķĸ
1ӽǵĹȥ
2ѡԶ޹ؾ飩
3ĹŴճ
4ִƪҲԶ
뿴Ŀ ֮ǰ۵Ҷῼqvq


 59 

Ȩվظ֡
֦æͷ
, ŻµĴվԽȨҪ, ĸǰݡ
վȴҡҡͷ
֦¶ɻ, վ͵, Ʊؼһ, ῼǰλô
˻, ֻҪ, Ͳ׷Ȩ
ֲ, վҪô˵ķʽȨ
֦̾˿
ɵͷ, ȴٳٲϳϽ
ڵȡվҡҡͷ
ȣվʳѵĸվܽ⻴λã̲סʵ, վ, ȥͲף
֮ǰڵȻλվɫ˰, ĸ, ׻ͻ֮˼϶ȻҲȥӡ
ĸ˷תһѻ˵ͻ, սϽ˵, վ˸⡣
֦δ㶵ؿǰ֮ˣֳָǸºͺ͵Цݡ
죬㲻ǡ룬վʰɣ
šվ֦εĶͷصһ£ദˣˡ
֦˳һ
˵ˣ
, Ҫ˯
֪ΪΣⳡ磬ΪϷ֮˵ȴϷ߸ۡ
ΡվᣬԶ׼֦βɵñ˱ӡ
ˣ飡
Ҫæͽա

һҹ޺á

ĵڶ죬֦κվͼʡʺá
ٿŵü˳۵ˣؽӹ裬·ҹ·
֦̾һ䣬Ҳ֪˵ǿ󣬻Ǵͷ
Ҫ˵ʣڼϱָΪϽʱ˵
Ҳûĵزװһĸģ
Ϊլλսܼ˵λ֮´ɡ
հȥȥϲվ첻ŲæؽĴ

ҹշת࣬ò˸ֲЩٵǷ顣
ĽǶ˵վôһϷ뻽ǸӼΥ顣
һֻ̣վڹЩĮ飬˵Ҫָ
Ͼվӣ֮¡
ռϵǷǳվıġ
ȴ룬Լվ֮飬ֽһ㣬ڡ
ԽǰǸˣȻҪסһ𡣡˵
ʱѲҹǰǷϡ
Ϊ˳죬˾һʱʧ⣬Ҳܺܿػָ
ңվĸ£Ѿȥꡣ
ֻҪֲǵĺӣ̶¾һʹ
˼վ찵ҡҡͷ
ĸ˻ûʶµĴжء
ȻˣҲܹĺݡ
ѳꡣվ˶٣ϸ¸չʮ
⻰һһ
վ뿪̫ãѽȴֻǣδʹ·ϡ
Խͽӷ磬һˡټɫΣæӻΣ
һվŷ֦Լ֣æع
˼Ϊˡ
֦Ƴվº͵Ŀ⣬ƵشȫƾӾ
ټ·вֿͨվ졣
ĿӴվߵһ˲䣬ͷ
׼޷Դˡ
̫ˣ
Ů˵ֱվ첻ǸƲ硣
ƫƫʱѾõ飬ò˳Ļվ
˵ʵͲվ̴Ӹʧ
վǵЦⲻ䣬¸Զ˼ʱ֪һɡ
վ¶Ҫָǳٵַ
ԽҪʲô͸ᡣͬվ븮˼ˡ
ڳİٺ֦νһ
վ΢Цס
лȫϣǣ֦ΣҪȥ
ԽվӰʧ뿪ǰһ䡣
˲ٴ£ȥһ£ĸԸ
վĸҪǣ
ԣ֦һ
ȻվͷҲûص˳ȥ
֦θоЦڻ˵䶨
֪ˡӦŷɢ

ǲǻ֮ǰ֦οǰĽĳĴԺӣͷ֮ˡ
׼
šվֱԲ䣬㲻Ǹϰ߳趨ʡˡ
̫˽ˡ
ʵΪͼ裬Լ⣬еס
ֻϧ뾴ˣվĸ
ĸǸžްĴڡ
ֻϲŵܣƺվ١
磬վ찲˰
ֱ磬˵ģµģΨһĹ⣬ȥĿ׵ľǡ

үʱ֣վǰȺķԸ
վֱߣ֦ѣ˵ĶԻ
ٷˡӸ֦ܵεߣ˸
վڵʱ򣬰һֱΪٷˣûоκβͬ
Ȼûвдŵģ΢ľ⡣
վָһѣϸƤؽ֮˵ĿС
֦æھ׽վſڡ
վߵİɶ滻ˣ
æص˵ͷ
Ǿ͹հավЦҲжˡ
֣֦˾䣬ʲôˣ
̫Ӽ˵ϵرվӣһһٵ˵յĵӼ󣬵Ҳ룬Ὣ򵽻ϵϡ
ҲǣϲĶμλվ쳰һ䣬Ը̫һʱ䡣
֦͵̧ͷ
ӭZǹ⻷Ҷܹ⵹
վ죬ոϽûؾ
Ȼı߱һ£ӭZµĽ֣֪᲻˸ı䡣
ʲôվ֦ζԼȴһԣ㷢
죬Ҷգ̫ӵİɣɵ˵뷨ϾҶϻʵۣҶûкôң½㡭
˵ţ֦ζʱû˵
ʵվλ˻ˮ˵ǣϣվжȨ뷨
֦˼룬ֻվɱӭZΪ˵ϻλ
վԸ֧ӭZһۡ
šվͷ֦еĿ
Ȼϣ̫ӣһΡ
ֻҪӭZ֮Ľס
ˣվ
ӣ¡
ǡӼʧ
ȵȣ֦뽫ӻأȴһ㣬ʧԭء
ǰ֮˵ƽ鲻Խض˶
վҪ̫Ƶڻš
ΣҪӣòãվĶߣջ֮
ǣңͲߡ
վ֮˵ͷȥ
á֦˳ĻӦ
ʹߣ뿪
ҲգһΡ

պ
֦̱ڴ/ϣĻӡ
ϳǵĻ뾩ǵĲͬ඼ǽ
żм¼ǰĹ¡
ˮ壬ðĸǸˣ֦ηһƫͷվһߵˮ塣
ӵİԵׯڣʶ塣ˮص
òͷȣΣ֦βɵú档
Ự˵ǰǾǵһˡ
Ӹʤһˮԥػش
δվĸһˮƶ֦Ǹ뷨ͺõ֤ʵһ㡣
أվ̸һ̸¡
үͰȥˮ
ԭǽա֦εͷȥһ£¡
ˮӦ¡
ƿţҪȴվԺ˽
ү
죿֦æ´ӭôˣ
վסŮ·
ձ֪
лҪ˵ٵʱ;Ȿ25wqwq
ϾǵһддTvT
Һϲ/к
ԵдƵԸ񣨵Ȼ᲻һ


 60 

, վ֦ι֡
Ϻվһš
ǰ, վæ, ڵÿϽһ⡣
֦β², ΪǾҪ뿪ϳˡ
֮ǰ, һķ羰
ϳҵ, ·С̯ߺŵƷȻǧľ, ͬ
, 󰲵ƷǺ«, ⵹Ҳ洦ɼ
֦εƮǺ«, վһ
һ֦, ҪҪһ
, Զվһһ, ӣةࡣ
֦ӣί
ҶþûԵǺ«ˡ
վ̾
ϵ£Ⱦǵȳ, һ
ޡɵ֦ε˵ͷ, ̶Ǻ«ҧһڡ
վûƭµȷǱȾǵҪ𣬵ضζ˵ζȴá
죬ϳǵĶƺȾǵ˲١֦ε
ǽϵĳʳ, ĿζҲƫ
žھǵĻڴ˵شúҲϰζ
֦βɵ뵽վĹ磬˵ӦϰʳΪȴζ

֦ΰҲʵУζƫ
վеʡ
ĸߺвû˹ҵĻʳ˶٣ֻܼһЩԵģ𡣡
ʱһ١վ쵭ȻһЦҵĶ
Ȼβȴ͡
֦㶡
վĸĻɣ»Сվ졣
ƫƫ֪
µ񣬲üֲЩȱʧǷ顣
ֻ𡣡վ֦ϵı任Դǻġ
ţҲá֦ЦŻӦ
ΪվǱ˲١
վڵĺڻֵ50%ϵͳӦ֦βһ䡣
֦εͷվº͵ıЩɶ
ǻ䣬ڹӵĶ䡣

ҵֶ뻴Ҳ֦κվ˽ϽֵԵ֮һ
ߵһֵĹսǴʱسһɧ
ÿ£һ˼ſĳɱȥ
˷׷׸·
Ӱʧڣǿʼ˽
˺£
ǲǳŵķ򣿡
ѵˣ
֦κվһۣûͣ½Ų
ֱվŴ֦λصԺӡ
ͼѵԺС
ˮ峯ǵ˵ͷ
վ⣬ǣס֦εս
Խվ߽ææӭ
һԵİ۽ǻۣվ֣Ҫȴվס
ֻԵѾ߷סǿǿ
վף֪ãΪ£
ʶҵʶˣȽ˳һϽ˸ɵģǰʶץˣҵʶֲӡ
˵ţ
֦Զԡ
ʱվӵˡ
ٵķӦվ˳
˺£
ȥȰ򶨣˵ڲ
ʶؾͲˡĴһֽ
˵ͷԸֱվĿ⡣
ֽվ˳Ļ˵ȥдʲô
Ͻˡǵ֪ӾǹۣǾ֮⡣
ҪǰϽʶ˵δĻ
վ˼Ƭ̣ŵ˼ǣ
ԽԲס㡣
ѡվʡ
Ͼվųġ
ˣ֦ζ̲ס̾˿
վλףͷûΪӿǹһ˿һ
лڹ
Щ꣬ʧȥģվʧȥˡ
ԸΪ׵ܸһУվĴӹһĨЦ
Ȼüͷ
Ϊվת˻⡣
Σǰδüϸ롣
Ȩվ춢ŸƵʵܵңԸñȨȥ
ȻԸ⡣͵صͷ
ΪվӦȥӣʱ˵κλᷴ
Ȼˣ㽫ȨңҾʹӦȥվʴվ
˵ǣվʴ
δϸֻվӦҪñȨ
ΪǱȨЩԥվҪǱȨ
ᡣ
ΪƫƫǱȨ
ԽҽȨ㣬ҪǱȥϽҲòϡȰ
ԣ֦һ䡣
⻴Ҳ֪Ͻ׶ȴҪؿվ콻
Ͻ˰˾ʣӦڳվ컺ؿڣǴŸˣ߲˶Զ
·󣬻һʱ˳ǣǳġ
ֻ⽨Ͻվʵļϡ
ֱҳϽ䲻⣬˵ܹһ¡³֮󣬾ȻҲܻվѭѭա
ƣȴɫ䣬ʶڲˣҪڳ/Ͻһ֮£ʶ
˵һ룬һûɵÿ
æ˳ǻվ졣
Խô˵ʶҲ׵ܵܣκģģ仹
վɨɨԺܣʶ˲жϡ
ͬ⣬ĸǲǴȥ
ʱȾ˰ɫ
Ȩʡףǲ
֦鲻Խס˺
վڶ
Ⲣԭļƻ
˵վǰ̽һ
ǰһĻ
Ͳ˼վ֮飡
졣֦ε͵͵ػһ
סֱָ
˵¡
ǰİȴϤˣһ˲䣬վдŵζ
ԽһʼҪȨ
վϵ׻ŻʼҵѪҺ
ڻˣǻ˵Ķ
šվûзϣǲ
ӣǳ˻֮ˣеģ
̾ϢһΪǵĶ˽ۡ
ñȨʶԸ⡣˶٣Ӧңñʥϡ
/һ̣ɫ
Ǹϸӡ
վЦ
Ӧǡ
ʶ˶Իеĺ塣
ɴ۾ŵվ졣
㾹ҡְţȴʼղָվ졣
ʲôҵģվƳһֻۣûҵĶ
ػϳǺ£ʼնֻǹ᳹ͬһԭ
Ķֻġ

վʲűͻ
֮ǰһԸ
Ӹ硣վʵдڴ˷ܣ´λ档
ĿλС뿪һ
ò˵ү׵ܣɵ棬Ѳ
ǣҾүͦϲ׵ܵġ٣үûбֳԵ񡣡
˵꣬Ц
үϲ͵ġ
ӵͷ
ٷҲ㿴үͰ

ʱڱ֦δ˸硣
վȥ
ˣü
ÿȷ˯˲ۡ
ûС֦γ˵˵һ
˭˵Ļվգҵô࣬ҲҴ硣
ϣ֦ࡣ
졣֦εȻ࣬û
ֻס
šվתӣƣȻҵô࣬ϲң͹ˡ
˯˯֦ñסߺȻǿת˻⣬æɣ
š֮˹ȻͣĶ
Ͻѹ𣿡Ůŵʵ
ʹ֪Ͻջڴ󰲣ով죬ת뵽İ֮ҪսΪӣҪġ
ᡣվ侲ϽĻڲһ̶ˮ
Ǽһλ

 61 

û֦νӻ, վֵλ
λ֦һ
֪ΪΣиǶ˫̥ס
ʵ, ҵĸҲǺϽһϵûСҹɫ, վı, ˿С
ǰ, ˲Ͻ, оɻҵĺᡣĻ֤ʵ֦εĲ롣
ͰϽˣ֦ס
仰, һ
û뵽, үὫôܸ֪֦Ρ
ǵ֮, Ҳ֮С
šվ֦ε
žȶøԲ
ˮأʵ
Ҳǡ
ֲá
֦λȻ
ܾˮϽĻЩС
ԭĴ
վֻ֦Ͽ˾, ֮, 
·ֻ˼Ԥ벻, ֳݵ, ָֻı顣
ΣϽôվ֦δǰ˵Ļ
ἰϽĺᣬҲ䵭
ԭΪ֦Ϊĸ, , Ǹ˵ݡ
Ǹ˸е뷨
վѹԼ˼
Ҳ֪֦ͷҲûȥֻߵΡ񾩳ǵ˴඼ϲϽ
أվںڰЦЦҲǾ˰ɣ
ǰǣȷǾǳ, ǳ
֦Ӧ¡
Ǿˡ
˵ֲ꣬Ӧòÿ˶Ͻɣ
վȴûлش
ΪѾʵҪĴ𰸡
ʵ֦Բһٴγǰʱ֪
ˣ˯ɡ֮˸ŵıӣ


֦ſ棬бϡ
˱ᣬ˼ȴȫûзڻ档
ˮ壬ûаϢ𣿡ط˷еıӣͷһۣʶ÷˿
ֲȥ
¿ֻ֦ķҡ
һߣˮĻӦ
վˮ˽
ˮҡͷ֦𻭲ᡣ
շ˼ҳƵվ
ٷˣҪȥ𣿡ˮʵ
֦ȴҡҡͷ
ǰվŰӣлľӣȥϽ
һȥʮա
ǵʮ˰ɡ֦οŲԶ̾˿
˵ܿͻġί
վһ˵սǶϷҲܿƵ顣
ϵͳܼܲ⵽վλã
仰ʹϰٱ飬ϵͳɵðοһ䡣
ԭŮľѾչβ˵ߣֻҪ㻹ڣͲѵϵͳ͸һΣ֦ȴ᲻
²ûˡ
ϵͳ֪վڵĺڻֵ֦ο⡣
֪Уѵʱڣ⼸ա
վòհɣ
Ӧյġ
һվλùԶϵͳ޷⵽ڻֵϵͳĻеǸ⡣
վ졣֦Ĭ˼ҹ֣ҴӦˣӦҵ£
ٷˡˮ֦κû
⼸գ֦βԵ٣˯Ҳǰȡ
֦ۿɼٶڱݡ
ϵͳûпҵξ֦λкϵͳ˵εǰͰһӡ
һε˺Ľ֡ͣƬ̣ǰߺ¶ϣδȢ
ֻ̫վˡϵͳĿռ˷ԭ˵Ľ֣תȰ˵һ䣬룬ƽġ
š֦ξϵͳһء
ȻϵͳϣҲʱ²ؼʱ̣Ȼ̲סϵͳߡ
ˮ壬ҾͲˡ֦ǿЦݣ˵Ժ
һս˭Ҳ޷Ԥϳڻ᲻ҡ
վ뿪ǰ˰
ǡˮͷٷ˿ʲôҪģ̽´λʱһЩ
վš֦θ˵꣬ȴҡҡͷ
ǰվո˱ƽš
ֵǰģֻеȴ
ĵȴ

ҹ
֦һշת࣬ҹߡ
ϵͳ˵뿪ʱվǲҲ˯
ϵͳĬĬŵҲɡ
վеĸ
ٹգҵ֦ҧҧҪʮˡ
ǰʵС
һιʮա
죬Ļز𣿡

ϵͳ֦һҹ졣
ֱ̫ʱŻ˯˹ȥ
վĺڻֵΪ50%
վĺڻֵΪ50%
վĺڻֵΪ50%
ϵͳΣȴҲû֦ܽΡ
̤ųɫ߽⵽ߣ˸/֮˵˯ա
ϵ׻δж£ѪҲδȥ
ˮ˵⼸һֱ˯ãֻнߵҩ˯¡վ쵭ؿڣӣɳҵĸˣ
ϣվ츽סŮĴ
ңһ㶼㳢ζ

֦ʱԺдһĪ۸С
ĶܣǸȫİĻ
ȲϤĿջҲסԺӡ
ٷˣˡڣˮ廹ࡣ
Ȼˮһ仰ȴ֦δʧɫ
ϽĻʹ
ʲô֦ҪȴƳվڼ֮ңĵط
졣
šվü۴Цӡ
һӣ֦һ
վѾþûƺˣԴǵﻴϳǺ󣬾ûٴƺ
ϰƺվͻȻĳƺһ޷Ӧ
ңˮ˵Ͻʹڣ
ӣ˵Ҫһõ񡣡վߵ࣬ǣס֡
㲻뽫Ͻ͸Ұɣ֦ס
վԽԽ󵨣ĲҲô
վڴ˾˵ʤ̣ոϽ
֦ǿʯͷ˵ء
վȴҡҡͷ
˵ĶͷЦǴ㲹
һ֮񡣡
ǵĻ£Ȼһվ쿴վǲġ
֮գһλ¡
ģ˰Ͱӵͬ⡣վ֦εĦ³ɺ󣬾ͽϽĻȨǡ
֮ǻҪ󰲳Ƴ
á֦ʶص˵ͷ
վЦݱøԣʶ⻰⡣
òվջϽͼΪΪ˸°һĻ
ɱӭZµԭҲǡ
վ죬õġ
ʹѾ
ڻ
֦һ
죬лл㡣
ӣ֮䣬صлվ쳯ˮ˵ͷ
ˮȡ˴ɫϲ
ǰմ󰲣Ĺƣɵϲվ͵
ǻʺĹơ
֦һ
վ죬Ӧû췴˼
ͷǰ֮ˣȻսĵ֡
죬Ұ㡣
Ҳ㡣                        
лҪ˵Ľ֣Ľ֣
qwqɷû

 62 

֦ױ̨ǰ, ˮΪϷ˷ڡ
ˮ廹֧޽ǱߣŽһ֦õģĽɫ
, ʮ, Ҳһд֮µӡ
žкЦŮ, ֻ֦һжõò̫ʵ
·ɺ, δ, ξ, ڶμˡ
һеĶվ졣
ٷ, ʱˡˮس, ˼ء
֦εͷ, Ȼǣסˮ, ȥ
, ûдǽ
ϽĹǷմ󰲵Ļʹ, ڹе֦Σ㱼ΪԼص˾ǡ
Ĺģ󰲻ǲ˲١
һ·֦ζûˡ
ķƫ֮ڣȻˮ彫ʱ, ûһ˿Ӱ
үڡˮͣ˵ſڡ
֦һ˼ǰС
η, ߵü
̤ʱȴûȵеĲ
վأ
̧֦ͷѲӰ
Ƴ֮УǰȨƵϣһˡ
һվ졣
մǴаɫĴɫϵ, ʱް˿С
Դ˾֦βɵ²һ䣬ϽľǶʩЧ򭣬ǵÿŴ󰲵ò
վλãǴεĴ
֦׿سվȥ
м֮ңʱ
죬һѡ
šɤȫ̶δڵ˶˶
첽ס
֦βɵ˿
ոһĻܾЩˡ
ƺϸϸһ룬ȴѰźۼ
Ϊ̫վ죬˲ٻΣһʱ֮޷ֱʵξĸʵġ
ѽ԰ݺ֦סվ֣̽̽ĵ¶ȡ
ʵ۵ĸоվ쵭Цͬʱڹ۲顣
֦ﾪ˾򶨣ô
׽Ĳվס֡
ˡȨ󣬽ԱȲ顣
š֦СװͷȻѸٵתƻ⣬ǸϽһɡ
һʲôšͷ
û𰸣ͱ֮
Ƕҵӡ

֦ſڴ/ϣۺͽߵվӡ
㲻˵ճؾ𣿡
šվǣڻζ
㻹ôô֦ΰҲ벻ʵĴǡ
ôݣվһЦ
Цƽʱ˼ԡ
Ůأ֪
´βˡվ찲һҲǲɡ
ᣬȴʱĳγǿҵĶԱȡ
´ΣΪʲô˵
֦ιȥ֮ǰǣҪվҲ̫˵㡣
ڸ£ûҵվյķ֮ĶԼܵĳֹķʽס

뿪Ͻǰվ֦ڻʹ˹䡣
Ͻһξ/޶ȣݳã֮ǰҪԼĶϱΪ󡣡ɫ糣ԵϲŭУҲвҪ־ɻҡ
ӦϣϽ֦ͼܽ
šվס
ˣ֦βٶʹոϽϸڣ֪ⳡ̲ǰס
ҹڴ/ϣ̡
Ȩ֮·ԸȨƵС
ûʲô취
ؾһὫϵıȨ̫ӡվ֦εĳ˼
ס
ǻؾһʱ䡣ʱ֮¸õβˡ͵з֧֣˵ƹ
ϣ̫ܳŹһ¡֪ӭZ籾֦ĬĬΪ
ⶼŲסҲʵˡ
վػһתлԲĳ
֦δ˴˲ɢΪӭZ뷨
Ҳǣ׿ݣӭZ˳̫ӡ
䵣վĻ졣
ܸоվ⼸գе֡
֦ϻָƽյģվֻº͵Цݡ
Σˡ˳Ѻ͸պǰǡ
ؾ˳£ӵҰĺҲĬؾ
ͬʱվҹڰٶ߶ĺôֲֻ
ޡ֦εͷ
ٴ̧ͷʱŲȴͣס
˳ߣվ쿴˵ԵˣͰӡ
ү
վü
ʲôúڻʹﴦ˷ʱ䡣
ͰӶһ̶ۣվǰ
̣վϵЦδ֦ȴʵһ
үӵĴ£
ǾүٷǰǺٻϽԸӳȫ
ɡվ콫֦α󣬾ֱȥ
ûлͷŵˣһӶ˼
Ѹٵǣʧԭء
ʻ֦̲סƿᣵһǣ˿
һԵվûй΢΢ָⱩ¶ĵʵ뷨
֦͵Ц
ԭվҲвó¡

һº
ǻӡ֦ηᣣ̾
ҹŰֵ˵ڵı仯δ⡣
ֻǣڻάһ͵ļ
Ӹѱջ٣֦κվָһլס¡
̫˵ѾЩûϹ糯վɨţȻеصҶڵһʱ
֦λڴܵľ
죬ʱլӣ
뾩ǰվʵ
ޡ֦ζ˶٣ûӰɣ
šվ̧ԺĴתƵ֦Σüģ
֦λͷվ첻֪Ӻδóһֽ
ʲôݣ
վеֽһһ̯ǰ
֦һ㶡
ֽĺֺŴɫĹӡĿϾӡ
ҪǣЩʮš
пϰš
㡭ǸƸ𣿡֦һ
Ǹֵ̡վЦЦ
һᣬǰ˵ϲֵĳӡ
ֶˡ
֦οϵֽѣп
վ̾Ϣһ㲻ϲȨơ
ϲһ㶼ϲ֦æϡ
ܲµȨƱֳһȤվ춨춯֮¡
ֳ֦ҵģվ췴Ц
֪˼һ㶼Ѳ¡
βű仯֦εҲŲ˲
ȷ½ȥ
ɽӣ˵ţվסǰ֮˵򦡣
־أǡô
ò̧ͷӡ
֦ʶͷȴòӦ
ǵģһ𡣡
áվɿ֣˳ƽ§
ˣո˵ġ֦λᵽĻ뵽˻س̣ҲߵС·ӵȵʱָɣ
šվѿּֽЦҷڷߵ̽˵Ҷִ                        
лҪ˵ĩqaqеæ 
ϣڷǰᣡ֣


 63 

ִ֦δһ˲, Ϊʲôѽ
վ쵭ЦһҪ
֦͵۾
һҪ
ϣվü
֦ѭȥ, ģģһƵĽ
Ǿǵ, ʹ
ǽվջĿ, , Ϸˡ

ʹڡ
һѾģڷ˽
, ѵִﾩ, 
Ϻޱ, ղ豭ֶ˶
ļ
˵, ʵǫΣ
ĻӡѾ߳Ƭ, ƺ㲻ͷ, Ÿæӻ, һ
ҩˡ豭һ, мˮϡ
ּҵĶС㣬ʬǶ͸ˡ˵ţԺиһϷǸŮ, ֲҪ
Ѿߵͷ, װûе⡣
˵ʲôƷͣ٣վٰǣҲȢ֦Σ
ἰ֣豭ָ
Ѿ߼ۣСʵˣ
촽΢΢һ
ۣ
ĵ･ĲͽŲǡ

վˣҶеҪȥ, һѽء
ŮƵƳ/ȴʵȥ
ܵľٶĻŵòͷø͡
ӵĲλøտճһλǵµ³裬˵վͻᱻΪ
Ҳǹʵ۵Ĺ
ˣĻſڵ£¾߱
Ҷ͵ȺϷ

գ治Ǹӡ֦οīкĴ꣬̾һ
еǴ˳ǰ˻Եء
ֵļӳ֣˻ѩϼ˪
֦ΰҡҡͷȹڣ̤֮С
վҲ˽
죿
ϻվ£Լʮǰʱ򡣡
ʱΪһ·ڵȫǲʣ·
֦̲ס˿
ֹһ˵ƵĻû뵽վ챾ҲйƵ뷨
ûпڣֻǾȥ
˻ػϳǣĻһ¡վ촹סе顣
֦ȴеزʱȷŻҪһЩ
ҵı֣ĸΪȡġվȻ̧ͷɫѱ棬˵ҲǸԿĹߡ
Խ
ͬѼߡ
˵ȥĸ⡣أһԸ
ҵĴڣܹ𷽹
֦죬Ļ֪ôӺ˵
վ뷨̫ƫִˣĸȷý׵ǡ
һеԩӦʼڷ
֦ʪۿվ죬̼º͵ǳЦ
˵˵¾ھ㡣

֦εڶμ󰲵ľ
ǧڣ̶£λȴԳ̬
ǵԭľӭZλںü
ʱ֦θԼ۾
⸱ӡ
͵͵ԵһۣվЦ졣
¡
Խʵ۰˰֣Ϊ˴
վ첢δ¡
ʱ⴫һ
΢ˡվ񣬴֦ʱɺҶ
˽һЦ
վЦصҶλεļЦ
֦ӣŵҶһŨİ֬ζɵվ켸ǰ˵ģ֮¡
졣ŵ֡
šվѸӦ£ȥ
¡Ҷ£үƺġ
ҶһȻĿбӵ߽֮У˿иҪҪ
ڵ¹ĵԶ
ڹС
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ү¹Ѿͼվ֦εĽŲ
лϵĿ͡վ˸ڡ
ⲻϹء
Ѿһɣ֦ξƹ
죬վһ࣬վ֣˿Ǻصء
ˣվ¶ЦݣҪ£ޱȡ
档㷢ˮ㡣
á֦εͷ
죬ҵ㡣ıӰųõЦ
һȥ
ˮ壬˵ôͷһסȴվĹУ֦ΰĴй䡣
һվϤ
ǡ
ûͷ֪ǫ
ô⣿
ǣ𣿡ǫ˫ʣǡ
˵ķ財Ѿ
֦ʶسˮܡ
ǫûгͣԭء
̽Դվķȥ
ǫҪʲô
Բǡǫʧǵӣ֦μǸŷĻγǿҵĶԱȡ
˵Ļͷԡ
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Ҹոտվȥĸˡ
ǫ˻һ֦˲ɴ۾ڿҪҪˮ彫Σվ졣
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Ρᡣ
һ֦ξͷɿܵߡ
ǻȥɡ
ûʹо˺£ۼ鵽վδɵѪ
ǡǫڻʱѡվʱҾѾˡ

֦ûлͷ
֦κվ뿪ʹʱصǹ֮
գҲǴꡣվᣵķ϶⿴ģǽϵľɫ
գ֦գԲĴ۾ʵ
ڻһավսĶһ
֦鲻Խض˶
ͬʱˮԼԼǫĻȻҵʱѡ˾㣿
Ϊʲôμ䣿Ϊʲôվǫͬʱˮ
š
վ޺Цݣ˽ıԺ֦ξ鲻ǰ򵥡
ѵǫˮ㺦ģ̽
š
֦ҭס
ҵʱһȥվɫ˰һ˲ָֻ糣ҡ
˵Ըҵʮꡣ
ؼ֣֦ڽһϵ
ϵͳ
þòелӦ
㣬ʱҾȵǫ
ôĶ󣬾ǫϵͳشغܿ죬һ˿ԥ
ΪʲôʮꣿѵΪ˵ƽȽϵͣ
ǵʱ㣬Լ˵ġϵͳ
Ϊʲôһ㶼ǵˣ
֦λδȵϵͳĻظվӱҺʹһ
˵Ҳ֣ƽʱô㡣˵ʱվ뵽ǰǼʹǫҲǺü۵ģ̲סЦȴˮҡ
㻹ﲻϵظʮꡣվһЦ֦εĸһ
ͻȻϵͳĿռĴıӡ
һᶨǹڻ˵񣬲Ȼǰǵʣôܾȵˣ
ºʧ䣬ˮĺ֢
ʮꡭ
ʱ˵ʮ꣬ǰʮ֮ǰܹ뿪硣
Ϊʱ˵岻ͱʮꡣ
վϵͳһǽʹ
ϵͳǿһɣľ֡Ȼô˵ţ֦εָ֮⡣
лл㡣кϵͳ˵һ仰عͷվĿԡ
죬ҡ֦˵ţػ˻ΣθƺҲŷ
үٷˣС˾ɻã⴫
û֦һʱ֮䲻֪컹Ƕӡ
վ쵣ǵı˲תΪʧ롣
Σָҡ

պ
֦ڴ/ϣߵվڸιࡣ
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šվ콫ݸˮ壬ϸز˲ǡ
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ҲվӭZһߣлϵľ
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ֳϽ֤˻ϡǰαɵİӣ˳ةˣг˲ǣҲ˷衣
ֳαɺ󣬷ַǰαɣҲվ⹫һǣ
Ͻξվṩ֤Ȼڻ¡
ΪȴǰվС
վĸԤǰ㣬Ĵܹٵ
졣֦̾
ˣվľ
ܡˣֻԼ
վֵᣬ֦η˱οǸˡ
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ǹ˻϶ĸ顣
ڹŹǰһ⣬ٻʱࡣ
йҪνҶ뷨ҶȴֱҪ
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Ϊ֮˱Լ
ңԸ⽫λҶһ£Ҷǿᣬһ¡
Ȩƶ˵ȰҪ֦βɵø̾
ϣ뵽ǸΪվĸǵһ˵ţͶԹ޲ѣϧһдۣٵվķӡ
󷽹ʳ˸ҵĽ֡
Ȩơǹ׷Ķ
˵Ҫһֱǡ
վ쿴޾ɫָա
֦סһֻ֣ʮָۡ
վ첻ڱﰮ⣬ô˵
Ұ㡣

һ꣬ʮ꣬ҲǴʷΪؼһꡣ
ֵ׳µ۽ϽͼУͬ䡣
ΪʧߵĶҶֻʷȼʣĸȴռ˳ƪ빣˳Ϊջˮ
ȥԱڻ꣬˺µͼΣ͸£ճһ

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