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1

һ꣬ƺߵر١
Ѿ˰µףĽ޼ɵغ濾Ѿ߰ɺòҪı裬˿˿ð̡
ˣڻǼΪȣ˴
һӡ
춯ķˮ͵ڱߣɤӰգ
̧ۿǰ΢Բġϲӣɫһ˲ãȻǲԼȻˡ
ǰЩҵľͺһΡʮͻȻתΪΡ
Ǽ֮ǰֹеĹ˼ҵĳŮ
һ˿⣬ʵȴǹ¿Ůӡ
ĸţ׹ԶܿȢ˼ĸϡĿ࣬ڼ޽ĵһ죬ʹҪĥԭŮ
̬֮ԴʩɱĲԣѺúöһŮɸӡ
Լ޴Ұĵļĸһ㡣
ֱʮ꣬԰͵ϡ
ǵʥΨһĶӣ϶Ļλ̳ˡΪһݵı޼ɵ
ʮ檣ò绨òʢʱ𾩶һˣӭδûиǰ̡
ǣԸ⡣
Ů鰮ԸĻģΪλȨƶС
ң˲̰裬ǲϲ
ǣ븮ĵ죬ʰҴܡʱǸ֪һƺ߾ߵģ
ȻǱץȥһٶ򣬱˵ر񷿡
Ҳ֪⣬Ϊ֮ڲգû˸˭ˮͷڼȥ
֮󣬷Լصʮꡣ
̣ɲ۰лļĸ
һƺûиı䣬֪˷̵Ļᡣ
뵽˵,æţﻹǲҪ߶ĺãڴЪŰɡ
˵⻰ʱһ˿ߺޡҹúõģû˭Ҳû˭Ǵү˹Ｐ񣬾ͱ￴ˣҪȥ
ִ֮£ҹˮ
ﱻ˾ͷ˸ȣһһҹŹ죬ǲܳȥܡ
ȴܲˣԼ⴩һš
Σֻøš
˵𾩶ĽֵǶĪʱһŮǰǹ
۵ЪЪɣӸպãɾôڡ
ȷʵͷѾԼҲеһط飬ֻʱȲãҪϽǸˡ
һֵĵӣǽãӦÿ
ӵʱǰͷѾ˳ӣִһҲʮ߰˸ˡ
ɻȻ򣬡ԭһˡ
ȻȥūڴŶӾͺáȣӸպãϼӲǺá
ΪżǸ˵ģǻȥǹһ
ңûȶãƬ̣ڽֽǳˡ
ڵſڵʱŶӵСǲԼͬض˹ȥ
һڵĽ£ںýɫ˿˰ƣԵõ͵ݻͷһöסʣīɢں󱳡Ϊһ塣
һһޡеĿʣһ˫۾Ũī̶ɫΪĮȻ
·ûʲôˡʲôֵȥעġ
һɨ̾Сӵǻ誹ӣҲ̫ÿˡ
˵ɲǺÿ˫ȫ˱͵ġ
ôˣϾѦүʵ۵ķСڸְһ仰¶
˼Ҹ٣þ̡˵ⶫϾģ֮⻹߰˼ңڷضΡ
һΧۣһµؿˡ
ûȵˣѦ誡
ȫѦڣֻ誡ǻʵεѦүӣ˵ＫΪܳ裬Ѧүܺ˵ǰĸ͵˽ϡ
ǹûмǴѦӦ֮ǰջصľ
ǹȴΪ
ǰʱȥ޵ɵڸмѦ誡
ʱȻվԶǷѦ̬ȺܺãϸȥЩ֮⡣
Ҫ֪ǻʵΨһĶӣҪ̳дͳġ
ԣѦ誾ԲƱô򵥣ܻܿвΪ֪ܣܾɵԭ
һŹԼǰ³ʼٸߡ
ԣһգҪϵġôѦҲǸԱˡ
˲壬ִҪ˴ԭ

ѦϣΧͶİĽĿⲻмһˡڳֻŵӵſڡ
ʱһСֽͣѦ誸ǰֽӣء
ʢѦߵСˡС͸Ѧˡ
ͼѦ̣ͷܺá˵գʹҪȥʢҲ뿪
δתͱ˵סȥ·
誹ӣһܷܲһ˵ǹЦеؿϵѦ誡
֪ĻΪѦжôء
Ѧ誴ͻȻֵˣͿŲӦûδǡСɾ£ټΪޡȻŮɫģҲԶ϶ǼʱգѾͷɫȻ
ûʲôϵңȫȷԼδǰ
ǲ֪ıš
ǣѦüͷ˦֡ܡ
ɫ֮Į֮䣬ΧСǶеһֺ⡣
۹ϵЦݲڣ󣬡ӣҴ󲡳ʵĵýŲǰ빫ͨһ¡
ʢ˾ͲԸˣǿԼŶ򰡣
Ȼ֪ԼҹΪεס˼ģǣϾһĵѾߣɵػվڹһߡ
ԷСϳҲʾ棬ֵʱһֿ϶ûˡ
ʢԣ
񾩶Ĺǣô
Ѧ誵Ŀڹһת˲ƿԸʢѵĸ
ĶѣٴҲһģϽŮӵľˣȷϣǰﶨȻΪ˶
Դӽϻصڴϳֹһ֮󣬶ͻйøֽӽǷʤ
λõǲҲΪ顣ϧһǸòȡ˵ġ
û˼
ʢԼӵĲͷҲˣֽݸɣҪ뿪
һ۷ɨȥɾסʢ
ѦһҪʲô
дʣ誹ӣҲܰĵģҸӡ
Ѧ誾ͼֵͣΣͳһ
ģѦãоȻһӡ
̫СһǮȴһ죬ʮֿ󷽵ӣ㣬תһֵǮ

2

˵ۿͳһǮӣҪѦ誣˵ˣɶۡ
λӣһ۲ơһǮӣҵģҹǲǷˣ
Ѧ調˿еӣһփǮһ
Ȼ֪΢΢һЦǣֻôӣʣµո͹ȥ
ɲˡѦܾ
ɹȻδĻȥֻСһתһԵʢٰУͬʱġ
⻹㣬ȻֽѦ誻˻Σл誹ˡ
˵գѦȻһЦŰɼҴˡ
ǽŲΪ죬ƺѦ誻ٴΰѵȥһ㡣
Ƚźһգ۵Ĺ͹䣬ͣİʮ
һֶǮӣοӶδõҹﲻ仰ʹٳ⡣ֱţ
ǣҲеģʲô誹ӿŲǣ𣿡
ǲźء
оԵһ֮⣬ҲԺӡ
ӴԺ˾ʶˡԵŵǸ˵ģҲԵŵллѵøԼǷӡ
ദܶࡣԼôıˡ
ңŹ۲ЩʱգԵĻѰѦ誵ɽɽǣԺڷ絲ꡣ
ˣʣѦ誺ʢڷҡʢжûСָǴӣλͷѦ誣զ죿
ˣȻظɡͷôһ鹦һûˡ˵û⣬ʢȥŶӣֵ˼Ҳˡ
һնеģɡ
ʢӦһ˾еӣ
ǶصˣԲ˽ӵ¶
ѦһСӣＷ֣ԼŰա
˵գ۶ȥˬӢȻڶమĽ񣬱Ͼ翪ţϱǳйҲټһֱ㣬Ĵ඼Ůӡ
˵Ͱһ֡ϲ̵ػ˸ֱţصԼԺӡ
ƿԺţͿֱͦͦعԺСȻǣҲóϸмֳ̬֮
üͷܲͣˣ
죬˾顣ҲҪӦĺ
ǰͬĳߵŮǰ˰֣˹ãԭˣ߰ɡ
ɫһƣۡҲˣŴŰһСܣ˿ֻڴϡ
Ů̧ͷ¶һӡйãǹ˴үҳҲǹͬĸá
ô˵һ˲ôճƣ
ѵӦԼôˣȻһۡ˵仰³çĽ㷢ŭһܾί̬ȴ׵ĵ
˵ԭˣʲô
ǸִֵˣһҪԼ趨õϷ꣬ͷĹ֮У㣬
˵գڵأ̬͵Ĳٵ͡
̾һүͲѹû·𣿻Ǹǰһģһ
ǽǰհգǲˣϾһ
죬׹Զĵһһ¡һͼֵƣ˵Ǹʮպļ
ײŲʵȻ䱦§ס԰ڣӾʹ˹õĶʼ֮ġ
Գʮܳ衣СԵõĶǹ˸õġ
أԶ˹һֵƵӣȴûиȻܲ˵ġ
ܳ谮޿ֱ֣ø
ȻԸ⣬ôһȥģ˾ͳˡҲǸݵģ֮ѽƽ
ʱѾιȥһһҹĸȲ
ĸ¹Զ𣬸ɴΪŮ
ɣô˵ڵ꣬ͷҪΪǸ˵ġ
ңͷԺţǵûܿ츸׾ͻᡰǡɡﾭǡɡ֪͸ĵĹãǡɡŰ
ţһʱ֮û˵ûأſڵϣϡеΣ
ܲס̧ͷͼɫ߱áʱüʱ΢ЦҲ֪ɶ
㣿ô˵̲סʵչӣӦòģǵԼĴ
ʱ˵ǶǡĵĻָססǡáһĻȻޱۣʲôĵȻˡ
ңҲԹ
̴ͦãܲסûκζ
㣿һ
İɶ˳䣬զ죿ū澰
ȻӦǲǸġ˾Ҳ֪̫סϾҹͶﶼǴ󷿵Ůûиߵ͹֮֡
ôţͷԵҹ̫š۸ô
ȴ˵˼ֻϸƬ̣һŲơƽȣ֪Ǹ׹Զˡ
ȿȣɤӣɹ˹õעһ˲߼ͨһڹøǰ
˫ַסֱۣ˵ãһǸʵ᲻ѽ
ҪȻ㿴ʲôֵǮģȥ
ҾҵĶתˣԭ¡
Ҹͷˡ
˵գҲڵأͬʱغһˡ
һĻһ˵ģû
ûѽ׾⣬˵һЩ˵ȫⷬԺõġ
ԹʾԼνΨжһ䰮ǳΪģΪǸ͵ġ
˼ҴСԼĸ׹Զꡰ
ʯĳҲЩݰɣ
ţ͵˵ʲô
תͷǡô۾ͺôˣ
ѾûŮˡ
һַԸɣϽȥȲ裬õ裬ϻĸ׸Щ
ҲЩŵ¶һϲӵ飬Ӧȥˣߵ£ͷһۣ·𲻸ŹԶƵġ
ӿɽ̣ӿɽҲ
̾ţתĿ⾼ŹԶ꣬ͷЩ䣬ȥŰɡȰ˶ãȥ衣
ðۣȰ
űһϵвˣӦһʱЩʱعæҲ̧ӯӯۣҲҵػһס
ԶԹĵ۰žǳġֻһֱ˵ûڳչðˡ
ʱŮһŴȸ֮ľͷˡǰãοĪˣ϶
ԼϥϵĳĬĬ۾
ԶʮԵƫûùÿģ¼ףղǹƴġǲСġ
Զæοǣ֪ҲĪҪԼҲļƽϡ˵Żȥ
߰ҧվЦҲǹģȻϡ
ǳ˳һ޵ЦݣתȥֻŹԶףҲҪһ

3

˵ҪһģһһԶȻЩΪѣǴӦˡȥ߻ǿһۣжơ
֮΢ЦʮֺƢӣ׶ԹԶɡ
Ůĸ׸²衣
Ƿ׶ԼĽ֮飬ǹ̬̫У֮δԺӳֹĹԶ߽꣬ӡ
ŹЩɣȷʵͦæԾû㡣
ü˳۵ظͣȷʵ׼ģҪæ̫ࡣŮס
ôȫ̽ԼĽͣùԶЩˡң˶δһ𻰣ҲЩ֪˵ʲô
ʱɵЩڣŻ͹һˡ
ҿʱɶȲΧ
˲룬ͷ˫ַԶ꣬ףȲ衣
ĸ裬ʮģŮͺȹһأ᲻úˡ
Զӹ룬ССһڣ̧ͷĿڴ˳ޣܲ
͵仰أͼ˫ĿŹ⣬ƺ˼֣ϲԺŮոݲɺã

ǣаɡԶŵ˵ʵǴﲻ뿴ΪģΪԭ佪
ϵһ飬ǿм޹ƻͳԭԵ
ţŰһֱԼĳȢšǵףίԼ÷ˡ
һжǽϵĴЩúԽԽ
ԶԹԶͬǰĹһֱעԼĸ׵ġԭҲСӵԣͶԼĸĸһ׽֮С
ĸţȻͰеĸ鶼˹Զϡԣ䲻ȣ˵ĮȻҲһֱСع۲߹Զϲá
Զɫ̾ԸԼ׽ͷһƬȴǲԣֻһϲʤر
㽵˵Ժ󣬾ͿԳˡ
Զ꣺ǡǰɣ
һεĳĬԶ̲סվǸΪ£ˡ
Ժſڡ
Ů͸סǹġ
ԶͷʲôƵģûСĪƽϡ
˵ǡӦţԶȥ
ڷʰأģƺЩˡ
ЩЦôˣ
ɻүҲ̫ƫЩƽôˣ
ƺ˹һ䡣
ɷۣôƮƮһ䣿ǻ˯һһҹ񻹺ҩء
һŮôԴ
ΪʲôԴǰĹҲ˼⣬վᣬĶ˰˰ٰꡣ
Ҳˡֺα׷̣֮׹ԶԴԼҲԴһԶݡ
ʧ͸ֻ⸮УڹԶֵԲܺ˺
ܹϵ񣬻ͶãذԼһЩźá
˵ҲǷ̣ŮȴҪߵһ
뵽ɵþĽиĸ۰ĺӾеһʱ֮䣬Ƿߺޡʧ䣬ϣҲ˵
Щڣүƫǹ˸¶Լֺα˵أ
СѾ߱һַϣǺòģϽ԰ɡ
ĿתһſŵĸͷֻӴСɾµһģۺǳ۵ȼϵ׺ˣſɰ־ɡ
˵ʲô˲ŵģǶȻʳˡһöڿУ˲һɵĲζӯͷϡζǡôڼ
ɣҲԡһöݹȥɳ˲۾
̫óˣǰô֪أ
ǰ֪ȻΪǰû¡
ʵϣǰԺһżȻĻԵġʱһھͰˣϧûǮҲû͸СľȻͳһִ
ǣ˽żæȥһ֣ҲѦ誡
ˣ۾һڵվԸɰʣһİˣϽߡ
ſڵʱɫѾȫЩϵĸ͵ģ𣿡ҶԷǸˡ
ʰ϶ʣڴӦţðȥš
ӳλ˵ҴѦ誵ģЩ졣
ҵǴү
ɲһǻм٣鷳ȥͨһ£ǴԵĶ
ǸλҶǴүûкŮӶ˵һ仰ȷ
ع˵ˣѦ誡
ϣ˲üĿͷص΢Ⱥһ£ūȥͨ
˵ţһ̵ܽУżͷƺ˾ʹһ㡣
ɣúɶطͷҲ̫Щ᲻ʲô֮ģ
գգ۾νϵģ˵ƣеġ
ӽȥƬ̣˼Ҵҵس´һЦøƵģһ誵ģ
ǣǵİɣ
ɳסӣҪȻ߰ɣ
ǰˣʮ£һ޳Уݲɣ̫ˡĿ⾼ضŹùţ·Լϡ䱦
ˣǷԲˡ
ǿ͵Ľ䱸ЩЦǺǵصǻ誵ĸף£ûж
Ѧүһ˵ţһٴδˡӦģϾŵһͼֵơңǴӺ
Ϊɶ⸱飿
ɹɣǰ֪ڵġ±صݼѦү
ããѦүԽԽ⡣
԰һȦϲ̽ȥӡ
ֱʱ;Щԣһʲ֪ſиѦ誡
ɰ˻ˡ
λӣĶãɾһŮɫزŮɫ˵ͨѾˣͨѾ߶ûС߸ŵ˵Ժˮɨصҹ㣬ȫеġ
˵ŵԺӣȸǹġ
Ѧ誽궼ʮˣЩɶȢˣӻûء
Ϊ£ͷ˼ŮСұ񣬲֪Ѧ誽˶٣˼Ҿǲġиңͷһء
ԣѦүСžͳˣǵҪۼǺõģ͸Ͻ¶ˡ
һϲˡЩĥģδϱҪ͡
ڵ˵ֻҪĲ󡢼סͺʾˡ
ǣǰȻı׼ӦûмţϸƤۡ
ҲãȻȻ課һɣòҲˡȻЩ䱸Ȼɫģ󷽡Ҳ׼׼Ǹصġ
ȻĳһѦү˽˹ԺʱԼһȭϹҲ㶮أ
Ǻ󻰣˵ڣѦүԹ˵ʮɣôҲС⡣
ЦݸУļҵģһΪѽ

4

Ѧ˵λ֪ΪʲôԺֵĵһ˾ǰŮӡ
ʢŮӵò˰죬ĩ˼һ䣺Ƥףÿ
Ѧ誣ǳɴؾܾĿⲻе˱
ӾЩΪѣĿ⳯һԵʢȥ˼ȰȰţ
£ֻȫ¶֪Ӷ겻ŮɫѾ˺үĲţү˵ſλⶣҪôӳ
ʢǸĵģ¹ԼӣԼ岻ݴǡ
ӰҪȥòиūҲʮֺ档
Ѧ̧ͷһۣ棬ȥɡ˵գǵͷ飬Ҳˡ
ʢ̯֣ҡҡͷߴͷɥˡ
Ƭ̺Ѧү߽Цһ仨һű誣㿴Ҹ˭ˣ
Ѧ̧ͷһͿһŮſ߽ﻹŸֽΪͨͷֻһΡССͣòѾ֮ɫż򵥣Ҳ޷ԡ
ѦüͷȻ㣡
һЦ誹ӣһֵġ
ûѦ誵䵭Ϊ˽ҲӲͷƤֺѽػһףԼûĸסи׵ĳúúóıܱ⽫˰ڲ
ĿǰҲûɶڽżҲǸСԵ֡οѦѦүӣúү۰Ǳ߶ˡңֻ׬Ǯ
ҵɽ֮ǰҲպſɡʵڲУҽ¡˵˵˵û˵
ֽѦߵϣжǱ鶼ǳȻ˿ûбԷ䵭Ӱ졣
Ѧ調ֽǺ⣿
ɫСŮջȥ֮󣬾ԼʮֲԡһôóԵĵģôԼأ
ολС硱תͷһԵʢͷλСŶġ
ʢû
ȴҳһһЦɡ
Ѧ誣أҲԡ
ûϵѽųžϰˡܺóԵġȵذֽѦ誵ķƣĲJ֣еζرġ
誹һڲͬĽ۾գһ¡
Ѧǰ˿ճһòôƤ
һңôؽԺĿŵ˵Ľĺ
ѵĺͽϲͬѾŵ̶ֳˣ
ѦүЦеؿţԼ̫ˡ̸ţﺮα˼ҹͷɴɡ
һ˹ȻʶġѦ誴˿̱飬ѦүΪȫΪɬͲ˼
Ͼӻûϣ֪ô͹ദҲ
˼ҹĶˣֱӱסԼ˪Ķӣ͵Ů
ѦүԽԽ⣬Ѧޱ飬ߴٵ誣˼ҹ£
æ֣ˣˡѦҪˮҪüþա˼»ؾͲô򽻵ˡ
ĿľֻһˢڸСĿĴﵽҲϾһɽ־Ҳ֧Ų˶á
ֶѦү񣬡үٻᡣ
ããٻᡣѦүĿ͹뿪ͷͿĵȰ˵ӣ誣˵㣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ҿ˼ҹȣƽϡԺɲ
ԴŮôҪᣬ΢ģ˼ҲءԼһı£ô誾һûѧأ
Ѧүҡͷ̾ϢҲ뿪ˡ
ѦŸ뿪ıӰƬ̿ԱߵӣͷһССֽƺĳŹһ㡣
һ֣ôóֽһС
ʢϵĵģӣҪȥϷ𣿡
Ϻ˿ᰮʳѦ誴ӽϻԺ󣬾Ĵ޺óԵĵġһֻһ֡ʢŶȥҲΪ˸ĸԡ
ʢ˰죬Ҳûش̧ͷǡÿԼӰһһַŽ
ӣôˣϷ˻أ
ѦüҲ̫СЩһ񫣡
ȥǢһֵϰ壬ӣմ䷽ҶҪ򡣡
Ǯ㿪
ʢ
Ѧ調ô
ûСðǮԡ
˵˺ӭʣλ誹ӿΪˣ
ҡͷΪѵûУġӽɽ·;ضԶѽ
ЩѹȻӷǵĴڡϺ͹á
죬ùڽԺϰ˰ѹԶȥΪľúĿù۸õġ
ǲ¹Զ겻ţһԭŮģ̸Σô꣬Ϲѹһӡνɱ
˸˶֪Ը񣬹ԶȻ⡣ԣ۸ã˵Ҷš
ŹԶһٵΣȻôͷɥػˣļƲ߸ûгɹˣԶȻһǶͷһء
ЩΣˣüͷ૵ƺˡլƴ꣬Щֱ£ԲżȻ
һΪֶΣܲСʹġ
ҲΪȻĸףʱ޵ϡﻩģҶġǣЩϰװʮҽȥ֮ǰý˽֭Ӳ۾
һ룬²򵥡
ЩڳϵĻˣԺ᲻ǲ
Ц⣬ƽصģˡ
һʮѾͷʲô˵ˣôﻹЩλõġ
Ϊ˰ѹɸӣ϶ǰ˳ڱ˿ĸʵ̫ˡڳϿĳ̶ֳϣĸȶԹԶ껹Ҫ
ڶһ磬ϱһȥԺϷ밲һ벻ˣ
Ŀһס֣ô磡Ͻȥţ
ʮһĸ̬֪ĻΪ۰
ϧѾǰǸɵǺǡֻˡô֪࣬Ͱж
ĸ̬ҲΪˡ
ҲȻװ磬ԼҲ·硣
סϵ֣׽Цݣĸ׶ŮáΪˣŮҪĸ׳ӽԺҪĸ밲˵Ů
˵գɷ˵ųϽԺӡ
ϸԸùͬϷ˶Ӵʵϣ⸮ӶٽӴܰչߵδԼϡ
գһûϵԶͬһǴӴԺ춼Ϸ˵ۣԺͲðˡ
װһص㲻öģϽȥϢԺҲĸء
ֻװûһֱųϵӣֱߵ²ͣ¡СѾѾӴһ˺ʹˡ

5

קżĸϽ˴ԺϷ޺ϱĿ
ƺ˽ŲϷƤ۾һۣ죬ѾͷҲˣ
Ҳֲ˷ӦûмǴÿҲǷˡƽѾͷڴԺ
Це񣬡ĸ밲ˡ
ϷһˡȻûĴΪζ
Ҳֱߵϡ˿ԱߵӣǳԾûѡվ˳ϵ
һй°ͬϷгһ͵͵Լλĸ
ʮͣͷ͹ˮһϺóɵĨͷ˴ĵϴҲϺõӡ
˵⻹һμϷˣ黹Щӡ
ǰλĸʼնûг档ͬҲǷԣʹûоʹ·κ
ǶһˣϷ˶Թ˸е˶ˡԶͳϡ
ǸˣֻҪԼӹãгкȾУˣͲԴԼĶҲˡ
ǰȽɵûж롣ˣǱǰࡣʱɵôɻ
ĸ֡
¶һֱûв뵽Ϻ͹Ϸ˵̸ȥ
ϲתͷԵɵɵӣ㿪ڵĸףϱָʾ£ܷԺ밲ˡ
ϷνЩģҲǷ˵ͷӦˡ
ȴֵ̿ĸĸʹáΪӦǰźŮ¡
ǰҲ֪ĸȻ˳ϻͲŪúԼĸ׶ʮ֡
ȴٲˡΣҪڹϷ˺͹ԶǰˢڸС
Ҳɵ
뵽ĸÿѵ磬Ҳģĸ
˻һϷԭɵıȻԼ֪ԼԴСûжãǹһ굽ͷҲϼأ͸̸иˡ
ǹ˵ǶôĸҪÿź᲻̫šڹɣͦס
ǺãˣҲǿϷ˽ۡ
ͷӦˣЦü䡣·Ϸ밲رֵø˵һ¡
龰ϷҲǡûвֵģֻΪĳЩԭ򣬲ϣϺ͹Զꡣ˶ԴҲʮ䵭
ڹ˵жôᡣ
ɫԣȴļƽϡڹԺﰲˣȻ֪˸λÿղ˯ǲġ
ʲôѵ硱ֻҲƭƭϷ˰ˡ
ǣֲܷǲ̨Ƶ費
Цֺ͹Ϸ˵һϾҪǳҪŹһ𣬡ȥһ緹ôԵĲˡ
һŤأڴĸĸ׻¾߰ɡ
һ㶣漴Ц߰ɣ˵ӻĸҲˡ
תתתͷϷˣĸ˵أ
ͷҪ׶Ϸ˵ˡ˹Գϵдֵõ
ϷƤһڴӣ֪ΪʲôͻȻ˵һ䣬Ǿ°ɡ
ֻԼ뿪
˴ԺԭЦӯȻ˲˵¶ûۼȷı仯
ôеؿˣѾͷǰͬˡ
ǰĹ÷裬ԸԺϷ˵ǷţһЦ
ôİɣ֮˿ŹرԸԺź
Ҫһ㣬ƺȻˣ֪ƹԼ͹Ϸ׽ˡ
ɲǺϢ
ô̵棬Ϊù޿԰
ͷɲҪġøϽ޲С
ˣСʱ֮󣬹Ҳ뿪˴ԺصԼо۵̱ڴϡ
ɽ۲ѣū澾˵ȥ밲˰ɡӻûкãҩء
ңū澸š
һֱĸо챧ԹȴҲû˸Щ
ոպã̾˿ڴԺź롣
ŵȥ˲źˣ㲻Ͷһˣſţ˵ЩƵġ
ɾֳζҲ̾һǷڣα͡
˵ķȻǳϣǹĸ׽ϡɵĸǽϵ䷿ԺȻĹ
ɴСĿȾȻδϣǴʮĽ
ᵽĸףҲЩ䡣ĸ׻ڣ˻ţȻ˽С΢
ңǰЩҲᷢȻµʱ򣬽ѾȥĸŮԣûɵŽϻỤһһ
Ȼأ֪Щڽϵ顣룬Ըɰ˵Щǰ飬ҾԼҲĸ׵ˡ
˵ŻʱѾǴŵЦݵġɰɿǿĹһᣬۿ΢΢ȡ
ΪΣתȥ͵͵شӦһ
˵ͬ˲ͬڸıѦںȴʮ⡣
ʱźĸϺ˵һȷʵζѾԵˡ
Ϻ˾ЦԭΪǸǲ˭֪ؾǱȡԴѦ誴ӽϻģһġ
Ϻ˰ζϸϸܵĿڸС
һȻó򣬵ȻȲĴӡ˵Ҳ֣ʮǰѦͱȥ˽ϣôûл
ͺĸʮ׺ϺοͬʱҲɵø̾ѪŨˮ
ңѦ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪ڽʦӺţ˫ȫÿ㡣ȶѦүÿࡣֿס
ϺԽѦԽ⣬ϵ·չ룬һ׮誣ҲСˣҲһζԶŮӡ
ⷬ龰ͷᡣ
ĶѦҲڣѦүԭѦ誻ǰϺ˸ǰһˡ
Ѧ誣Ҳ֪ô벻ˣͻȻʹӽϻˡϺ˵עȥѦүҲѦ誡
Ѧܲʹˡʱ£Ծ˻ᣬЦʲôԲŶŮӾԶ֮İɣ
ѦɨһۣװûƵضԱ߲ˮһһڵĺȡ
ϺȥˣǳѦ򣬡˵ʲôǽԺãǵ˸һԺʮͨѾͷ𣿡
Ϻڹеʱ򣬾ǳƢ𱬣޵Ϻү۰мӣƢǼ
ЩȻ£ڡѦʱŵһ£ǣ˼
Ϻ˵һۣϽȥ飬ʲô
ѦæͷӦˣҴ뿪ߵſڣϺ˶Ѧ˵ӣп۵Ĺ
Ѧ˳ǣôһӣôأ
뿪ѦҡͷûСĸΪ
Ȼô˵ǲ֪ΪʲôԺֳǸƤ
ʢԱźأԣ̧ͷ죬Ѧ誺ݺһ۵ɹȥɶû˵
ϺǺεˣȻһжɫ˵Щģ˵ˣѦˡ
ʢл㡣ϺЦеص
ѦߵſڵӰ˶٣ͷʢһۣĿжǾ档ʢ΢΢ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ȵǸߴӰ뿪ʢ㹷ȵشյϺ˸ǰи

6

ù緹ͷԶ̸Ԫɵ¡
Զԭ佪ϲûӣź˹ã˶ԪɡһϲʲôƵģԶʮ˶ӣҲʮϡ
ϣһ𣬾ͰԪɳɸ޷ӡˣΪӣ˼ݶߡϺ͹ԶΪ¶Խء
СѾˡ
ǳϸǷꡣ糿ڴԺ˸ӲĶӣҲ˹ı仯ûԸİ취˾ˡ
ȻԲֲͷֳװϲصһֶԹԶ˵үǶûԺˡ
⻰ƺǾϲϸһ룬ڹԶǰԹЩ˼
Զüͷ壬ͼӽһϮɫȹͷϱһüΪؾΪòƫޣ絹ǳгû
˵ʵúܺãĸ׽ϱȣй֮޲꽪ϻڹеʱ򣬾ͱΪһˡ
ȸϺ͹Զ񣬻״Ӹŵİнӹ̣˫ַԶꡣף˵ϲ裬Ů˷ס
˵ţѲƿϣʱһ֮ȻǹԶΪ뵽˽϶鲻ѣʱҲչüͷ
ȻǺò衣̾ţضһڡ
ڹԺȵҪãҲʱЩΣԲûϸƷ衣
϶ǲ裬ɫ԰ףվ߲룬ǿЦүҲǵģŮ·ŵģͳôһӡġ
ڽ֮󣬾һֱڹ۲ϵı飬ʱԷˣﲻɵһȴ˸ж˫Ŀ΢ؿϣĸ׶Ů˾ģŮεºܡ
ʣҪ޵ӡ
ϸˣƫƫֻ࣬߹ȥ§סοһ˵ѹĵùǺ
ȻҲǱӦĻӦһʱ֮ĸŮТΪ׵ĹԶ굹Ǹˡ
ΡһĸŮҲʮο
ֻܱһǺǣЩĻͬԶϹˣûвûģҲһ
ʱüͷչ̾ǳˡ
ְѳòᣬƫƫҪάĸ裬סһӵᷳ͹Զһ޹
߼ղ˵ҪĿģףĸף߻ȱ֣ɵһֱڸԼңǸ׵ġܲܰ
ԸɴԼʱɾͻ˼ңԼ
˵˼仰úͰһǸĵġңĸϵˣȻʮС
ʱʹ⣬Ҫߣ˲裬˸Զڳʱǰ
ƽʱԶƱزѹϡزͬ
գ׶Լݲȣ˵ô˳ĻԶʮֲ
ԹҲͶ˼ԡ
ҼǵҲǽߺܵˡٻҲδɡ
һںҳһơǹĿγںӵʱ򣬻ЦЦ
ƽûвͬ
ҲЦˣү˾ͺãû
˵ˣѵҪɣǣҲùнϵˡ
ɱŽҲǾ鲻̫ҰֻǸСѾͷʲô
費ͬ޹ǰ꣬ͬνǵȷǸˮ©ġ
˷ڹߣǸ
ԣҴӦţ취ƻˡ
ԶԳϵ˳ʮ⣬ЦԹллĸס
Ȼװʮֹ˳ԳϰְݣŸǳȥ
ԺӣɲһƵģɱˡ
Ҷʵģ˴˻ĮᷳƫƫҪװһڵģ
ֱˬȻܲ
ЦôһܲˣүķΧУҲûм˼ܲˡ
ԴҲû˽йԶ길סǱܣΪ𣬵ΨĶԺӺõˣ䱻Ϊĸ
ڹԶ꣬ԶԶ䡣
ҡҡͷǲһүΪġ
Ѿͷ˵ıʡ˵ûԶһ֮Ϊʲô鶼Լ֮С
ϵҲָзȴ֪ͳϣԼ֮ìܣѾɵ͡
ڼеˣʵҲͦġ
ͰɳԺ䲻һײæסˡǸ߰кӣޣϴһȦ
һѾͷӣ˾УСү㡣
СкţɹͰס߼򣬶ӵԪɣððʧʧģɲԡ
иģ˹ͬ񣬡ſСүɡɫ֮䲢ж๧
˹ϵãԪɵġʮ߰˵ͣýĿˡһۣСүģ
Ԫɽ겻꣬ȴʮֽ衣ȻͳԼԶ簮ֲҲû
üͷǳϵĸȻ֪˶νĴֻϺÿˣˣԹҲûмֹ
ֻзﻹĪҪˡ
ɿɼôԹ˵Ҫһѳס
ҲֵһʶȻѴﵱһˡ
ը˷ΣҪ䣬ͼ΢΢ӣԪƽӣº͵Ԫ벻뵱ССӺ
Ԫ۾գգ룡
Ӻ֪ؽڣҪŮӡǸų򡣡
㷽ܲ˵ײ˵ˣô죿
Ԫɲ˵۾Źεĸ˵㲻׽㡣
ɫ䣬СүҪ˵֪뷨ģڹǰάĸ裬ΪҲɱ
ôԪ˵ơȻԼӣ¾Ҫˡ
ȴΪ⡣Сӿɰ֮ʲô˵ʲô˶ˣ罫öôã
ϧԺ󣬾Ͷ߻ˣԼϷ
ЦЦԪɵԴҺ㣬һĸסһס
Ԫɵͷһ룬һǽա
ΪŹļ仰׽֮⡣ҲԭģԪɴС۹۹Զ򸾻ߵˣӦ
ʱ䳤ˣȤ֮ʮʡ
˴ӵԪɽԺЩ֣ΪͻȻСү׽
ԪɽԣƵߵġ
Ҳ˵Ϊʲôڹ˸УԺԼѪԵϵˡȴòҲһڣҵһˣ˿̹
˸УܹҪģ¾ֻԪɵġҲڳϵĽ̵֮£ܿͻԼޡǱϾһһ̡

7

˵Ԫɽ˵ϻһЦô飬ظӲȥˣŪһͷ
ԶһԪŷָڣʱЩվֱ˽һס
ԶϵǶһ˿ĵЦƣΨһĶӣӣȻ۰ġ
Ԫɸתϣĸף˴㡣
ĸǰ˵ҪԶһ㣬ǽ캢ãܺѽ
̬࣬档ȴѾɫǿЦ⺢ӣ˵ʲôɵҼʱ˵Щ
ĸף
Ԫɴ۾ųϣĸΪ˵ѡϵ˴һۣүˣϽȥϢ
æӦˣɷ˵رԪɾߡ
Ԫɻ˵أȻ˲ˣͷͬԶͣүϹ˵ûǸ˼
Զڰ֣Щ飬ͺáֻǱ̻Ԫɡ
Ӧһǣĵһ֪үԹĸŮ֮ʮֵ
ǽǸŮ֪ԼŮܵ䣬ػʹɣ
ʹ޽ϣΪ൱¡
ǹϷ˵Զݣҵ䣬ССͱ¿ǰͶӴ˱ڹ˸ס¡
͹Զ£ʱһ˲ţһȥģϾʹ˼
ԶҲЩ޵ꡣԭ͵źʵʱͱƴֽ˳ɾԵ
ȴû뵽ͻȻ֡ĳԶ꣬һ顣ͳϵﻹݲֱֱͬȥظ˸̽ڷ硣
ͼ˽Ļ䣬Žټˡ
û뵽ȴǸʣ¹þ͵üˡ
Զ飬ڵڶȢ˳ϡϵóԸȴ˼ꡣǽϣͲðװ˷ഺ
ʹ޽ϣҲʹ޽ϵĺ
˵صԺðɰסغܿҪˡ
ڹԶǰ£ΪóϸϽ졣ڹԶǰֵ˳ҲϮǰ·
Ȼ˰ʹ˰˹Ժӡ
˹Ȧһ죬ҪͷлЯ
æסʰΪɾɰͷĸߵˣȻǸйصġ
ЩίˣԺԺĹ֡˵ʵڻһֱڳϺ͹Զ꣬ƽѦǰֱ
ԴǿСģǳϡУǰҲͰҪˡ
סϸ꣬ǰŮɫޣϡе꽪ϵģοƬˮ
Ȱֻǿޣǵùġ
ӦţͳӲᡣ
˼䣬ðɴȥЪϢסһ䷿ɣҲĸŮ˵˵Ҳ࣬ǰɷΨһ˾ǰˡ
һͬڹźĸŮҲռ档
Թ˵ҲһԼˡ
ЩСгɾͣѦȴЩģĸ׺ĸЩ
Ҳ֪զģȻ˫˫ն˵Ǻá
˵еޡ
Ѧү˵飬ϺҲ˵Ѧ誾ʣĸ𣿡
ûСϺҡҡͷ˵ġ
˿һϳѵĶӣɫȻʱףǿ˵۹⻹ǿԵġ
磬ͻʶӢšڶѡ˵ʥϽύʱʥϿһҲȻʴ
ںٳ裬ɲѦүһ˫۸ģ
Ѧүǳ˳飬αһ䣬ĸף˾ֱӿ䣬ġ
Ϻ˵һۣզ˵ˣѵܿף
ѦүͷרעضԼѡǲ˵ˣοԼ䣬Ҳˡ
Ϻ˼Ӳ̶תӣЦеصҪˣԺ㵽ʱȥ
Ѧ誣ĸҺĲ졣ңôЩģ
˼Һͺ켰ţںլϺô֪أ
վźʢӿ
ˮţܿ͵˹ŵ졣һ磬ͱɽԵɵɵرźŴϴ硣
ȫ̹΢΢ۡûޣľ˯ʳǰ֮㡣
úúòԼ
ÿɵͷ𣬹ԺѣԼױ̨ǰ
ǰһ⻨ԼӳͲѾ֮ɫ
ȹﶼÿ
ʧЦ
ҡͷûūġ
ˡҲ
ǾһˣȻ֪⻰ûпšʱԼͻСûгԱ˼ˣҲ;ǸÿСˡ
ǼԺʮ߰ʱ򣬷Ǽˣ˵Ǿһˡ
Ůò̫ʢҲǲҡûиĸ̫òǲˡ
Ϊ٣͸
˵ףûбԼһһҪѸٵؽύǮġģͳͳҪύ
ܱԼո¶ͷǵʱҲûмˡ
ǰԺѾˣƽպ͹Զ꽻õͬżҾ죬ļ⣬Цݿ䡣
Ψһ⡣ǸӣվȺ֮⣬üͷţȻǲ̫ˡ
߻һСģˣȰ˵ӣۼȻˣͱ˰ɣ
⸱ɽһڣΧϲʵЩ롣Ѿüˣֲ졣
һѦ誺ʢʵѦ誸ûɼܲסѦүϺַ
͹ӴѦү˵øֱӣɽ˵˵ﲻѰŮӡҪúϧ
ʲôۣѦȻǲϵġ
ð緹ѲӣߵſھͱѦүסɷ˵س
ԺӣѦүˣʢ߶߶һֱڶӾ͵ΪūţһҪȻȥүָūųԷˡ
֪ԭʢҲײ߷ˡ
ʲôѵΪǸȷ黹ϷͰ誹Ӻƭ
ڴҶôûԭ
Ѧţͼ˾Ĭһ˲ҵ۾ͬһȥ
ʢŲԶ߽ŮԽԽ󣬰εӣ㻹˵ÿ
ѦһʾԼĲмһˡһ˫۾ȴѾسȥ
һɫȹԭƤӳĵðװۣ͸ʢİ滨һ㡣
üëȴֺŨ˳״á۾һ꣬ЦʱҲЦ⡣
Ŀתƺڿ˭ƺ˭ûпڳȻˣ˵һԹԣ˼ҵĴʱˣ

8

Ϲʢװ֣ˡѦȻҲˣҲһ˲ľޡȻ޹ȴе˵ź
òޣʱգȻ޹ȺϧĻ̫ڽżͷһ㡣ŮӣǾԶ֮ġ
ңҲΪ˶סѦү죬ʡȥ߶ʢˡ
ȴߵϸǰ°ݣлĸΪŮٳּŮм
˶񣬵ǾͨͨڣҲĺÿͲÿġûоϸѵ̫Ӳǲ׼
ǹȻڴСĶͬˮֺÿ
Ȼԭġ
ǰ֮ǰΪ˱嶪ҲΪ˸׵õĳ谮棬Զר˹Ľ˹һ¡
һСûйصĹ̳ж֮·ˡ
Ժ󣬹Ըģǽ쳡⣬Ҫ˵ĺԺͳìܣҲۿԵһߡ
ȻһΧķ˹ͱˡмˬʵֱӰ˼˵˳ôǱһƵģ
ȻҲˣɫһ˲ĽӲ꣬ݼ¯ֻ࣬Ƭ̣ͻָЦݣȵطһˣʲô
ȻһĽ˵Ϻ͹ʤĸŮ
ѦԿţǾ˶Ϸˡ
Ͳ˵ˣڽۼ޷תļĸúڹֵһ̣ϵɫܲÿ
俴ݣȥϷôţϷ̨ϵĶǣǿǳѡ
Ѧ誾ʹ뿪ʢۼֿסӣٿᡣ
ǱߣѾʽʼ
㰸ǰ̧ͷվһԵĹ͵͹ùá
ǹԶã˸ߵġ⿪ͷԭͷϵһŵһԵһ֧ӾҪͷ
ùͻȻֹЩؿͼ𷽲֧һ˫ַͣùãһ֧ա
;Ϳ˲ԶĳϣɫЩΪѡ֪ǳ׼ġ
ɫһϲ֧
Ӽֵƣҵľõ¥䱦իġ
ȻҪ֮ãô˵棬ⲻǹΪǺǸһھµġ
ھܾϳ׼ӣóϺûαװҲԾش
Լ̫ûпԶԶɫơ
ڳ˶ɵӣɫƣͶ˹д󲿷ֶ˿Ϸ뷨
ȴɫңңϰ£ĸˡ˼ȻִҪһˡ
ŮֱȽϰԵģͿʼˣĸŮҲǿôĸ׼ӣȻھܾ
ɲǣҲ̫ˡҲǣĸͼŮʲô⡣
ʢĿɿڴ⼰Ҳ̫һˡعʼԼӵȼ֮
Ѧȴɫ˳ϡ
ɫѾˡ
ŵȻ󣬵ҲóǼӵģ︯ðܻҲһҪάֱĹ
Щ˲ٱ£òײŲ˸ĺǽЩ˵ʵվͻᴫǷꡣ
ʱҶ֪ǸĿģ⵹ΣҪ»Ӱ쵽ŮáиõƱػӰõĻ¡
ڳ˵Ҫľһ˫ŮԲʵ
ǣϳЦݣȰ˵䱦իģʲôζ֮ȵġ
Σһĸ˵𣿡
˱һ뿴֣Ѧ誡Ȼڹ۲ӣѦ誵Ŀ⼯ϣͻȻ;Щۡ
ʱյͷߣֻ̫ϣԵӨƫһͨۺ죬Ө͸ӳȤ
Ѧ課תĿ⡣ֻһ˲̲ס
ĿתԼҲ࣬ŹԶЩӲصǣǸҵġ
ŮҪӣŸ׸һĸ׳ȫ
˵գְȥСС㰸֮ǰôмֿ
ŻȻ򣬹ֲùҪһԭȻǹ˴ү͵ġ
ʮֺˡȻгһĸףǱϾֻǼĸ˴үͲһˣ˼ĸס
˵ԹŵΪ޸٣Ϊ˸ȻҪλġ
һת죬ɺתסһ˫۾Źһǹģǰ󣬹үĹϵ
˵ҲҪԼ
˵ү˹һ֧ӣŮûƹС֮һЦûȥӵ׳ʲô
ǶõĶа취ԼŮŪһµġ
û뵽һȻù˿ӡ
Ϊ֮ƣǸϽѳԲȥү˺Լ϶ѶϱЦԭˣʧˣǾʹһ
һ˵ţһԶĹԶȥԺͷһ
˭֪߽ԶȻ̧ߵǰԽ߷úӣΪ֪Тġ
ϴβͬһعԶ˼ġϾΪ˸˭뱻ԼĺӼǹšأ
ԶԹ͵ͷ纷˵գӹнӹһԵ͵õϡ
Ϳɫ԰׵ĳһۣҲûа취ֻһͷ
ʱɣһƬ֮Щ˵ģͿ޹ԶийôТ˳Ů
ڼȳɣɷ˵ط£ԼĲƣô򵥵Ķʮֺÿ
ѾмŮڲԶţһ˽ƺȥ͹̸
ϺݺݵضŲԶŮɫࡣ
֪ɫãϾĸ׽ϵǾպ˶
Щѹɸ費ӣΪľϵĵѹò֮ʢ
û뵽ǱͷͨɣǸ֪Ĵҹ㡣
ڣô죿ĴѰͼŮɫԶɫܲÿ
ýմһˮɫӣӳĵɡûйȫÿĹ
ϧйڡɫޣŨüۣ촽̺졣òʮִ۵ģ˲ͻὫĿ⼯ϡ
ߵߣԭŰοŮ䣬ͻȻƼɫˡ˳Źõ߿ȥͼ˼ͷ͹˵ʲô
˼ǹ˼ҹ̹͵ĶӣҲǹ͹õı硣ңСͺ͹ף͵Źǣ̶ӾҪ׵ġ
ͷһϸŮɫɫ԰ףüͷȻǰһĻܴ
ѵöԳ˼
ʱ˼ͷǰŮĿǺεҡ
ΪñףлԼǰ˼ĴҲ㲻٣ʼվãȷʵÿûʲô̬ȡ
ȴǴĲͬ
վͤͤƤϸ𪣬òޡѾǸɶõ˶
ɺɫǳ飬˼Ҳ⡣һ˲䣬ͶԹ׽֮⡣
ңһ뵽˵Ժӣ˼;ͷһãҸһö

9

˼һƺҪȡʲôڵ磬һ£һ
˵ʲôѾˣɫȹ΢΢ƮԵƮݡ
Щˡ
ɸڹЩԡ
үǵǰġǰĹ˼һ̬֮үүûôϸš
һȷʵᡣ
ˣȻ׳˼ƷţʵǸ˽ˡǰ˫лԼ£ؿԼ˵ǿˣһ䷴Ļûеġ
ңԼԺܿȢ˹á
ˣһ㾫ʱ䶼˷ѣԸɴȥ
Ųڻ԰ýЩȣʵڲߵǧ£ػţЩ
ѦԭҪ뿪ģ·ƼǧϵŮʹأ˹
˹ڵ˭Ѧڣſ÷иɺ˵˻ٷֿᡣ
ѭȥԶ̤ˣɾһ
ĸߴòΪʡһϮ´ϣԳƣЩĪ
æЦеص誹ôˣ
ԭǱʾȵһ仰Ϊ֪˼Һͺûʲô۹Զ껹ǳ϶ܻѦҵˡ
ңѦվúԶûз
Ѧ϶ЦݣġıڹϣȻʮ˵ġ
ǣȴһĻǸӣɫҲΪº͡
٣û
Ѧ誾ͳȻΪԼֻΪҪĻǰڳǰڷǸǰǲһ۵ı֡
еʱѦãͬһˡ
ϷбҪһ£Ϊ˼䡣
ǣˣҪһ㣬Ҫơ
ɫһ£ѵԼӽͼı
ǣǰƤѾֻ࣬һ˲䣬ͻָЦеӣ誹ӣ˵Ͳˡ
ǰһֱǺϵġŮ΢΢ƫͷ˵⻰ʱƺ档
ϵ׽͵Ժѹˡﲹôһ䡣
ˬʱڣݸޡѦ調ۣƫͷȥ⻰ƭƭ˻ԡ
ʢǸԼӵģ⻰ǳ˳飺⻰ôЩԹ˼أ
ȴһЦ誹ӣԺദˣȻ֪ҵΪˡ
ദˣѦͷЦӦԺ󶼲ٺˡѦүӲţǾԲġ
;Ů鷳οôһƱŮˡ
Ҫٳ䣬һдƺڲԶĺߡ
ҲˣѦȥԱɡ
˵գʹŰˡѦ誳Ƭ̣Ҳ˳Ź뿪ķˡ
˽ǰüͷԪһӣͷϵѾк
Ա߻һС˰Ѿ߲ö÷ԼСӴˡ
ס֣ȵ
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Ѿ߰ѹŶãֻ˫ֱͷⱻҪ
ȥһץסԪɸ첲ˣʲôӣ
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ɴ౧˼ʾⰢɰѾ߷С˻ͦᣬͼҪ衣һɹȥ
Ԫɲ£Ҳ£
С˲ɪһ£ſ֡ӦʱЩ֣λﶼǸһΨΨŵŵĸоѵǾ޽С
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ֻվŵЩ죬Ȳˡ
Ԫɻߴߴؽвٽ£ҾͰ㶪ȥι㣡
Ԫɿ˿׵ĺˮǱɡ
ʱˣԪɱס;ʲô˼
һһҪʲô˼أԪΪȰ˵ְȴӰ
ǳϵĸȻ֪ǰνĹ˼ҵճŮǸ裬ҲͲô£үȻү˹̣ܽͲ÷ˡ
⻰Ķǲмȴƺûһ㣬үҲԸԪӰɣ
˵öԣԶ첽ɫʮֲáһϯҪʼ԰ɢһɢû뵽ȴôһĻ
ԶԶؾͿԪɶԹִ߽ԱվŸͷѾߣﻹв׵ġ
ԼΨһĶӣȻ۰ġȴҲ簮ϣԪɳɸˡ
ôÿͼ̣ܽͻᱻϻţԪɷ޿֡
ʱ˵ͷͷǵ뷨ıϡԹ˼ֿء
Թͷǳˣ̵֪ܽܵˡ
ЦЦл׿ޡ
Ԫɼ˹Զ꣬ͬèһ㣬ҲˡֻǹȴϷſ֡
Զͷ΢ɣŴǷ˵ˣԭŸЩġ
û뵽ЩҵǵԪɡһͷ˵ʰʰͻؼȥɡ
ǹ˸Ҳ㣬øӿ϶١
֪£ͨһڵϿͷүذɣҸϳȥ
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ȥô£ôᣬҲûеѽ
˼Ҳȷʵӣɽգлʱ򡣵ʱô죿
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̾һǲԶ꣬˵»ת徵ءôһ󣬴ǰ϶ˡ
ȻԶȵ룬ҾͰȥ
Ԫ֪ϵģǸΪƫԶΪĵط¾ҭס˲˵
ֻһ˫۾ݺݵؿŹƺöԷԼֿס
ӰѴȥԪᣬȴڹԶڳ˿ҿ֡
ȵϵ֪ϢϹʱѾ˶֡Ԫɿĸף۵һ޳϶ذ߳ϡ
ЦȰ˵Զ꣬ϾԪɵһֱġ
ԶһôģԪ˰裡
֮ͥūͣһٻ˼ҵĹӦ𣿡
ͷͷЦʵԶ˵ԳϲƽΪԪɳ⸱ӣ͹ԶĲΪҲйϵ
ԪֳôĶͬԼҾڣܹԶ겢
ղŹԶ֮˵һжֻΪͥڡĸ֡
ϼԶɫƣ˵ſ޵òҵԪˡ
ԶıӰһθеκɥﻹڶˣôˣһҲ֪˵Щ滰תһ¡
ССģµǲȫǽڣȻˡ
Զǵãոռ޽ĽϣͰѸ´þҲϯÿζһƬ֮
Զ̾һתͷúܺãҶˡ
΢΢һЦл׿ޡı鲻ûΪԶ޶⣬ҲûΪŲִ¶̿֡
֮ԱȣվڲԶЩãȻĹþ·硣
ԶɫǺãҪϯˣΪһȥɡ
˵գ㱳ȥӦһ˺ͷǰֵŮҲһˡ
ҧ촽ĿжǷߺޡ
һжѦ調ŹıӰ˼

10

ϯ֮󣬳ϲ١ӦϴҲ»ѣѾЩǱӡ
λ˴кɫ£ԱߵŮ̸
յϯܹһŷǣһпǣһǹҲһԱ߾ǹá
úζԹϯڼ䣬һ˫۾ʱʱسɹȥֻǵûп
ͬʱһֱעŹĻг˼пϯϣŮǸһɴܱ˵жòϡɱ档
ȻԿλãʱʱһۣü֮λεضǾޡ
Ҳõɣ٩ռǵľδӰɣ޸ǳ֮䶼ۡ
ʮ߰Ǻӣ˼⻰ǵ⣬ĿҲ͸޼ɵ
ڣ˹õע⡣͸ɴ˿˼˳Ŀ⿴ɫס
ͶԳ˼Щ˼ƺǴʱͿʼˡȻͳ˼׵ȴǹһֱùƽ
ңһֱó˼õÿܻȥͿԿҲδѹ
ռϹ࣬һоͶͬˡǶԹĿΪĹۣƽ͹úõĹҲʼעЩʮֲ졣
ڣı˼ҲŹĿת
ǿ벻̣
õͷԹ⣬ֻһʱ벻ƲΡԼһСͨ졣
ƫƫһ޹תͷǲǺȣôô죿
÷˸ۣ˵һ䡣
ϯɢˣȲϯĿ׷ų˼עȥ
˼һãȻº͵Ц⡣òغ
߽̽磬մƺЩͬˡ
Ҳǳ˼˵ģ˵ͷĿؿŲԶǸɫӰԳĸ֡ˡ
û˵⸱̬ȴ˵˵ʲôùܡҧ촽һ䡰ҡվǰ棬ûʳ
ĬվţЩͬѰϯ뿪ŮѾ˽
˼ǴЩģǽղͬһñãԺǻǲҪһˣϾҺлԼ
һ仰ͬһף˹õϡۿ˲ˮ̧ͷ磬ѵһûҵλ𣿡
˼ģԺҲĸͨѾߡ
ʱСһ𳤴ıᣬۣȥᡣ
⶯ʵԽˣԱƺ˭ǱӣһҲһҲ͸
վڲԶ÷һڣһԹŮ
˵գžЩԣôδүҲȥˣæסͣū澲Ǹ˼
գգ۾˵ĺܶԣ
ʵĿδԧݣŰԺߣʹ˻طϢ
֪һ룬ֿѦ誡˵Ҳ֣ƺѹ˸Լңûأúܡ
Цݣ誹ӻûߣôϯûп㣿
ѦȻǲܳԹ˸ķʳģֲ̫ڡǱʵΪûߡЩˡ
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ôأЦҪЩˣûʲôӦѦ誡
ǰɣܸѦԼӡΪԺָԸء
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ͷ誹ôģĿ磬ǻ۳Ⱥ
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ںͷʢסɣǺǣ
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ѦһֱأͿü䣬ЦѵΪ뵽ʲôδ
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ע⵽ˣ֪ԼǾ仰ôֳ⸱ɽӡ
Ҹɽ𣬻ôĦ˼˼̾һҪ˵Щʲôɽģ˵ãλ˭
˼ת䴦̤߹ߵǰ´Ѧ誣Щζ
СòúԼлԼվЦ̵ôһ¶
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˼һۣ˵Щģã棬ɱͷƭˡ
˵Ѧ誣߳˭
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ٰƷ˵洦л׹ݵľ̫ڹ˸ѹǴ´ġ
룬չԶĹְҲ벻Ժյˡ
ѦŶһ۾˼Ƭ̣ͷԹҡҡͷá
һ㶣漴һЦλ誹Ӳ̫˵ͻ涾
⻰ɶ˼˵г˼δ򣬺ܱҡ
˼ɫѾˣԭŵĶȫѦ誵֪˭Ȼ˶˵
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ǰӦòǻ׹ݣʢ߾ܲʶǣʹǰݡ
ȴѦֹˡ
ֻѦ誵λӣ¿״Ԫǰ̽˵ҿۡ
㣡˼ǵͨ졣ʲô˵״Ԫ̽ˣŶǡ
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ߣ͸ɴϣǮ
ԣԼҪҲͦͣĸһӣҲ᲻ÿ𡣳˼ΪԼգȴû뵽վȻ˵ҵ泰Ц
ϸѰ䣬ǰ˸ʶµѵй
ѦҡͷûСûȤ
У˼Ŀ¶ģǻһ̨ųЦң
һֱû˵ĹȥˣһԳ˼磬λǻ誹ӡ
ҹǡ˼˵һ룬ȻסĿѦ誺͹ϴʹ˵Ѧ誣
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ӽϻ֮ĵڶ죬Ѧүʹ˹ʥԿУ˵һ仰еš
һţȴܾ˻ʵ˵Ҫ󣬴̡ڶ̶̼֮ڣӵ˾׬Ǯʮ̡
ˣȷʵ˼ܹġ
˼תαȭЦ誹ӣʧˡ
˵գͻˣȻûٿһۡ
Ϊǰļ䣬˽һһҲ档
Ѧȴü䲻㡣
ǣΪȻ
ǰ׹Զ׸֮ǰҲǾ۵ġʱڳľйͺͳ˼
ˣƽտģģҲһһáǰҲʱʱظЩʲôСֺ
ϧڹԶǸƲߵʱ򣬳˼һ仰û˵ûС
δδͷ
ҷ϶࿴һ۶˷Ѿ񣬸ο͹ò岻ġǰã˼Ȣ˹á
Щ£Щ߷Ȼ⵹ǰѦ誼ͬ
ΣչֳĶЦʮֵزʵڣһ֧˳ʳСӡ
צģȴʻ
Ѧ̣ô˵׮¸Ըˣ
ȻԸ⡣һۣ·Է˵Ļǳû塣
ⲻŵ˼ԼЬ䣬ף
ⲻмһ˵ģƺȡѦ誣Цˡ
εȻоѡƽһˣЦȻÿ
Ѧȴתˡ˵⼸䣬ת̤뿪
ٶ֮죬ʢûзӦ֮һСܵظˡ
Ŀɿڴ
˵Ҳ̫˰ɣҿӽֻΪҸɽļҹﰮĽ˵ᱻƷ衣

11

Ѧ誸ջظѦүˡЦеؿԼĶӣʵզ
Ѧü˷Ѱ죬ԺˡȻһĲԸ⡣
ѦүοѽĶãһ㣬Զûʲô顣
죬Ŵ˱飬˼ҹ﹦ͲС
չȥڶߵôˣദòã
ԭҲ֮УϾûк͹ദľ
Ѧ誵ˡ˵գƺ⻰Щԣֲһ䣬ȻҲûʲôϵ
ѦүԶѺԵתʢģ
ʢͷūŴū˹˸ĺüˡ
˵Ǹʲô˼Сͺ͹˹ﶨ׵ġ
ŶԭǶȥġѦүѦ誣⡣
Ѧϵ˱ʼ
ѦүǺһЦģµ㶨
ҶӺò׶һŮкøУԲܾô֮ġ
ȥҹԶʸ
ѦүѶְοѦ誼䣬뿪ˡ
ûмͼԼĶѦ߹ƺʲô
վסѦүȵѦһ̧ͷԼףɵ﷢ࡣ
ֻŵⶫû˵ϿΧⲻײǹˡ
ӲͷƤһס
Ѧүָָ㻳ʲô
ûûʲôѦô˵ţȴ䡣һõӡ
ҿѦүӣͷѦǰĺɫˡ
ѦģѦүѾãΥ棬ֻðѻĶó
һСӣ濴ƽƽ档
Ѧү˽ӣһѶȥһһͨ졣
ݺݵؽˤڵϣվͿ⵹ùӣ
ϵͼᱻ¶ͷ
Ѧæ˹ȥѦүòУĴתҸֵĹߣǰϺúõشһ١
ۿѦҪܿ࣬һС˽С˶Ѧү˵Ͷˡ
ǻʵΨһĶӣȻûѦүҲǲҵģȻҪǰԺȥк˳㵱л
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˵գѦһˡ
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صԼղغ飬˾ͽˡɫԣʵôˣ
Ѧղ˸סȴû˵
֪⸸ദϰߵģ϶үˡ̾һȰҲģרѧҵ
ᵽѦͲˡſڵô࣬ûļҵĹӸƵģùؾؽѧġ
һģ̫ˡ
ˣҲΪá
˵ˣһѦߣһǶӣôͲЩ
˵һ;Ȥ׾ƾ̡Ǯӡ
Ȼδõ֤ʵѦ誵ѦүǮһ֪Ѧ誸ոյôôǮʮӡ
Ķϡ
οǾǮҲδõ
Щ˵ûѦү֧֣ѦǴŵġ
˵Ѧ誣ɫЩˡѦүޣүûŮˡ
֪ΪʲôʮǰͻȻһŮˣŸӡɷ˵Ҫ˳֡
˺ݺݵһƣѦү޵˵һ䣺ģҴûжԲ㡣
˵ʱ;Ρƾ׷ʣѦүҲûĻ
Ƕĸӱ͵ϣ˵ŮˣѦǰס˸
˲ǲģǿѦһˣٺԼĶӶԱȣ͸ƽ
ǣʼռǵúүǾ仰ԵҲѦ誾ˮˮ
ֻǣ⻰ȴܸѦֻȰ˼䣬Ѧȴһֱ߷ߣȻûаĻȥ
䣬£˾ѦүȻ飬ֺαҪ
˼ңѵȱٴɣ
ѦүմͷܾСѾߵźԼۣ̾ǼҲûʲôףʵǺѫ֮ұȲ˵ġ
ˣǻ϶ԺүΪΡ
⻰ʵ˵ûЩأʵϻ϶ԺүμǶһ޶ġ
ǰѦүȹʵһʱ߻ǲܴĻӡ
֪΢ĩĸֿԣڻʵ۵ǻԺ󣬸ԭС֮ӵѦүӹٽҲӦ¶ˡ
ĸĶ裬Ѧүôĵأ
Ѧүƺ˵뷨һ㣬ڴϣϸϸصĶһǰᣬǾǻʵۻڡһ졭
Ļ̫治Ѧүû˵ȥȻѾס
ûгϵˣʵҲһڻʵ۰ԺµۼλѦүһûиֻƾȵ۶ŵֻأ
Ժֻأ
ٿȻһ·Ѿ˶ķƮҡ룬Ǻأ
ƺѦүҲнύ˼ݻᡣ˵˶Ǻã˵Աú
ѦүȴҡҡͷƷвѵΡ
ңôʵδ̫ӣǸ˸ͷΣͿɼһߡ
˵ǻʵֻһӣ̳дͳѵбˣ
ѦүĿ̾һ̫ӻھͺˡ
⻰˵ûͷûβǺȴˡһ׮£Ҳһ׮ҵ¡
ʵǰһӣ
ңڹĳĻǲ̫ӵģΪľѪͳҲΪ˱ĸ̫ǿ
ǣʵȴ飬ڻº죬㱻Ϊ̫ӡ
ɼʵ۶ĸζ裡
ʱλΪλ׵ؾδĻʵˣû뵽δ£ڴ𣬽ĸճ˻ҽ
ʵ۵ʱǡȥйֻһƬ棬ʱιȥ
ϧѾˡ
ʵ̫ӣҲʼշŲĸӡ
һ棬üǵǸˬʵŮӡϧ³ҡ
˵˾;ƵܡѦүȻҲ²ߡ
ǷĬĬЪˡ
ȥͶѦүܻϲūһӡ
ͳ˫ַϡȴ΢΢ͦ࣬᲻Ͻ
һЦǱˣȻúúдˡ˵գ˿ӣǴ󷽣Ҳգȥɣ
ϲ⣬ǧлˡ
ܵ⣬֪ǸεѦүҲԲҲӡ
Ǹʳٳٲ̫ӣõֺһӣΪĻѦүڸʸǰ˵˵û
Ӧò̫Ѹߣʱָտɴ
ʱ򣬾ЩֺõĳǣһŹ

12

ĵطǶ֣ҵҲǶ̫֡󣬵þĵط
½ʱ򣬾ӹ˾
˶ֵĳׯӣѦ誵ģѦ潻棬˾ȥ档
ô˵ģ³֮󣬸һɸɹɡ
ЦǸرҲҪѽһ׮׳ûлرĻ
Ҹƾأ¾ͽˣǿŮ
ӻ֣ѽǣҸ
ίͷ˵
û˵
ôλΨһĻӣΪʲôͲͣ졣ղֳʲô¶͹ȥһ
ǿŮǻӦøɵ¶
ͻȻͶԵʵ̯ͬôӣӵΣǺˣ
λıְڣܲܡ̾һƵش鰸ͷվȥɡ
Ͻ¶ӦùܣϾԷԺĻʵۣһŪõˣԺԲ˶ߡ
ǣΪҲܲܡΪѣɴжϵĳٻԼ顣
ͬʱϵѾۼһƬʶΧһȦӣһ쿪˫ۣסŮӵȥ·
СӣһظԺĺġ
곤Ҳ㲻һʮڻƣ±˲֪ݡǵʵΨһĶӣ
ŮӹȻò쵰ӺۣƤͬ˿ǵļһСұ̬
ʱԼ˾ţһ˫ĿˮԵøǳ
ﶼȥҪؼңŮͻĿԸ
סǰͷ¶ס෽Ϊһ޸֮ŮӣӲȥ
ۿ֮ҪԷŮȺȡȻΧֵ˴ʶвʶҲܿݲҺŮزʶ˭ðŵȨķΪͷأ
ŮӼֻվſ֣˳ȣ͸תͨһڵϣŹҰɣѾ׵ġһ˵ţһ治סؿͷ
Ůƺǵ⣬Ц׿ףģҶܸ㶨
һ˵ţһǰһֻֻŮ°ʮʮ٬
ͻȻĴһۣһǰ˼ۿҪˤڵ֡ҿۼֿ죬һѷӵȥˣڶ
˭˭վ˻ȥȴֻ¶İա˵ǷһŵˣڵϵСҲӰ
ŭĿڿֵɨղ˭ߵģ˭ˣ˵͡
˺Ŀӣ̵ͷȥȴһ˿ڡ
ﶼһ˳ӣȻƣҶҳ֣Ȼ¸ͦҲԸʿˡ
ĳµǸŮӣɴ
վ棬ÿŮӳֻǶԷٶ̫죬ûüͷˡͱһֻŲҲûмʱȥ׷
ǸŮӣȻǸŮӣ
ܴܵ衣ŮӲȴһУʵûҲûӡ
׷ҲҪҵݺݵ˵
ͷ϶ȫҶòͷ˰ɣ
٣ⳡһ㶣ֶүʲô£Ҫ¹Ч͵𣿡
üһۣҲ̫˰ɣ
ŵŵϾǲǣǣ¹ˡ
ϽģټһŮӣۣ֮ͰѷŵСԺҪҵŮӣݺĥ
ȻͷӦ
ȥһƣȻǸӡĻţ΢΢Ц⡣
ʣˣھ֣
һۿȥڣõһŲźòá
Ȼ̧ߡ
һӣ¿˿ԼҴߵľ룬ʮಽ
ƺһ㣬Ƚǲ̫
*
ŮŹܽһխĺͬˣϽߣܳǡ
˵գóӸҸطס£ٻ
Ŀ⺬ᣬлˣ֪մպҲñ𡣡
ŮӰڰ֣ãϽߣˡ
ҧҧ촽ӹСܶȥһ·ͨ裬˳ǡ
⵱ȻҪ鹦ŮӰעȥֻץǺǹȻǺˡ
ʱͼŮӿŹﱳӰƬ̣ԷԶˣų¶һ޵ǹ
˵ҲˣͰɳй䣬˵Ҫȥһ֣Ųй䣬ÿղһĻ
ǹģǰԼǰû˾ȴؿ뻢ڡ
ǣҳһݣһţҾ˹
ˣźгɾ͸Сϸڵĳ̧ظ
ӣ߲һ֣ͻᱻץߣ
һ𣬹ٿȻͷͼһվڲԶ
ºڷͷڣòеĿɫȴΪ䡣
ƺЩӣüͷţԭͱ˼
˲䣬תһͷЦǺεȵķˣ
Цü΢䣬誹ӣ
Ѧ誵һۣϽҹ
˵գ·ߡ
һ£ƺӣ˺šҵ
ͷһٲɣѦ
һͣţϳ˹ʶһֱѦߵСˣʲôʢġ
ƺЩ졣ȴʲôû˵
ѦҲ˵ϳӶԹϳ
Ժ󣬾Щˡ
Ѧ׽ûҲ̫Щܴڲ棬Ѧ棬ָֻ֮ľ롣
ż΢СһΣͰı۰ԷĿ⻹ʱʱɨùޱȾִ١
ҪԼ߻ȥ̽˵
뱻ץߣ͹ԹԵš
ҧҧ촽ƿһ⿴ͻȻ˼ҶģˣŮӾסϸ꣬Ȼˡ
æӷ£ЦһŰա
Ѧ課ÿɷֻȴ̡ܿ죬ûע⵽ԼҲûע⵽
ȴЩѦ誵ѵܹ˳ظ
ǸرӣŻʵΨһӵͷκ޼ɵѾŪ츲أҲҪҳһŵˡ
;ô죿
Щڣûжһ·˵ʱЩƾŵҲһ·ʽɫˡһЩ˿϶ϲ
˼ǲܰ
ʲôʲôչճ֣ͱסˡ
ԳҪܼ飡ͷߺȣʢ
Լû˵ͨĽŲŲԽԽҲԽԽ졣
ƿһ˲۾һ˲;ԼӵһС
˱úܽһְֻԴ°˰ƺ±˿ݡ飬ϵС
ʱɱ۾ԼͣƬ̣ԭǻ誹ӣˣ
󣬱Ҳû
Ƶ뿪ʷӵˣôϸһƣ
һףǻ誹ӣﻹŸмӸϸƣ
誹ǵ˻ʵ۵ģѦүǸ̵ġ
һССˣǱˡ
ߵ˰ȫش˵ĻϾ˼ԼЩ̵Ķӣæлл誹Ӿ֮
ϾڻûпͬʱǷű׽ȥı̬϶
Ѧüͷʶؿ˿ԼտҲı䣬ƺЩˡ
˹ˡ
ǷˣովͰƿѦмŭȥĿٿȻһĶ
ˡ
Ǻɫ΢ΪƤ̫𪣬ԿûǺԡ۷۵ģµһꡣ
Ѧ̣˲áԣģٸЩͷ
λһóĺеģݸ㰮Եģ߰ɡ
գգ۾ͷֽһ֣

13

ʣµ·̱һ·˳˹˸ſڣͣ˳Ӿͱ¡
߰ɡѦ誵Ըһͼ۶ȥǰ˿ûͣ
ͺ񣬷ǸůʵĻǻþһ㡣
Ŀ󲻼ӰŵͷԼİģ̾һҲ֪ʲôЩġ
߻ԼԺӣӭȥˣūһٺҡ
һ֮󣬵˷ֿĵطҹȴôҲҲ
ֻ֮ûظţһҪүȥˡ
ЦЦҾ˹䣬붫ͦԶˣɴͻˡ
ɷŹڽӹֽʱɴ۾Ҳȥһ֣ôūûп
һİⲻ̫ܰɣ
һֵϰй涨ÿÿֻ˲
֧֧ؽ˰죬˵Ǵ·ġ
ɾȻҲɣϾҹϻؾһǮӴӱһ֣Ǹ˻ǱɽһѦ誡
ҲͲ׷ʣֻźŹȲ衣緹͹ȴ˵ܾ˰ɵź򣬶Խ˷
ڴϣ۾ԭҪϢһµģǲ֪ΪʲôǰǲسַϵһĻ
ůĻ̤ʵȫƺĻͿʲôùǡ
ǣĿ𣿻ôһˣһֱ֧
УѦ
ͬʱĳҲڻŷһĻ
ʢúС˰ߣͷͼԼվԭأҲ֪ʲô
ƺϲƺǳƺǰա
ӣǲҹû˯ãʢ˳ϡ
Ѧ調һۣʩʩȻ˸
ʢȥ˳ԼӣεӣΪǱŸ첲
Դ˫۽һѵ䣿
ʢ̧ͷ˿λε̫ЩԻˡ
УȥɨéޡѦ˦ôһ䣬ؿʢ
˫ľЩ䣬ԣȷе˵ǹµ
ԣ˫Щµ
ǱŵʲôȽ
Ҫ˵ʲô¶סܿ죬һűϡ
˽ֵ˵찡誹ӻﱧŸ
ѽǲŮɫ𣿡
ɲأۼأˡ
ѽѽⲻŮɫҲװװ
ɲǣҪ˵ЩӸʲôء
˵ƺֿʼɫŸȤ
˵̰ɫǻԺʮ檻㣬컹Ů
ᵽеæֹ˵˱˵ˣСһԴôĶ֪
۷ֱ𴫵ѦүĶ˷Ӧ졣
ѦүǾΣæȥѦ誡
ţǺϣŮӶ׽ģ㲻йŮ˻ǲҪӽ˹
˵Ҫţû˵¶Ρ
˭֪Ѧƺ⣬Ѿˡ
˵ɶѦүЩӦ
ѾˣԺײٲˡ
ˣܰɣѦү˫֣ȰοҶõĹҹԶȥʵô¡
ǵģôúõؾͶء
ѦүţһֱߵſڣŷԼƽȥˡҪʵģﱧŵľ˭׻ûʳ
ͬĴŴʱѾˡ
Żػˣ˵Ѧ誻ﱧŸ
˵ͷ
üͷôôԡ˵ˣѦ課ŮɫģԺ˵Ѿ߶ûС
ۿģԲм١
ôͿǣѦΪ˾ǸŮӣڻﲻ˿ȫò
صʱ鿴˿һĻҲͲ˼ϸˡ
ԣŮпһŵˣ
ܿóԸˣȥ飬Ѧ誵ǷһŮӡ
Ůļҵġ
ȥ
ɫŮˣôѦ誵ĿľЩˡ
ΪѦүĹϵѦ誺ܿǰЩһҳׯҲûвȡǿӲֶΣþǰȥ˵
ϾѦүǷСѦӦûӡ
һԴѽôһֱûϢأ
֪ԼѾΪеŮǣһԶظԶһ衣
ϰѾʮ죬ԶӿʼĲںͳĬҲȻܣż͹ϼ䡣
Ȼйƶԭ򣬸Ҫ£ԶԼŮܿס
Ԫɾܿⷬر˵ǹˣϿ¶Ȳϡ
Զ꺬ЦŹӹһڣۡһһء
ʲô裬̫ѺˣԶüͷŹɫ
ȷʵ֣̿ףŮĴҪĸ׸ĲҶˡ
ȥҪԼҲСȻ˸ҲʲôǮ˼ңǲڼҶȲ
ԶԵǰһѡڰ˵ûǮ𡣡
һ˵ţһִٵ££ӡԶ˳ſȥƺЩˡ
ɵɫô£˼ҵĵŮ䣿
ʱߣүܸܲǹЩǮÿһӵǲġ
ʮһ־ͻ˺
ʱ򣬳Ͻˣ˾ɵסԶãǮֻһ
Ͽ˿ĵԼһڣֳʲô۶ӡ
±ЦǣﱾҲǶ฻ԣöҲһÿһ
ͷЦ϶һûдǹгϣѵ˳ԴɣνǮõ㻨Ǯ
ǣͷҪǮ˼ԣŮǼҲʲô󸻴֮ңģÿ¶һʲСĿ֧
Ͽ֪Է«ͷʲôҩ
ȴһתɴԺҾͲǮˣĸ׵ļױңʡ˹һʿ֧
ҲˣԹױˡּһ䡣
ͷһԭءֵѾͷö˶˵ʲô
ĸ׽ϼ޹ʱνʮױԭױӦǺϽţͺ͹ԶˣСױá
ǣԶͬóϴΪôʮ˵ģ͹ׯϵĳÿҲһǧӡ
˵ױﻹоǵĸӡ˵սɣÿ¼һеġ
һķ⣬ô³
Цŵż㻹С޵ʱĸȻ㡣
֪ϻô˵˫Ŀ΢죬һж
лĸΪŮǡΪˣŮŲĸ̫ۡ
ϣˣĸһۡ෴ѼױûȥҲŻۡʱ͵ȥǮˡ
ʹưոݣĸףҪǱ֪ҵļױ̫á
Ȼˣ͵ֻǲĸ׶ҵ⡣
ǱϾԿηѽ

14

˵ŹԶʳϼױ¶ʵǴ˶Էһֲ
ڳϵӡУԼŮǸûӵġЩӪһַԸʵȴǸûгġ
ЩȻùƺǱһЩģȴû뵽Ȼô࣬ͿʼҪױˡ
Щŭױ϶Ҫ޲ܸûʲôġ
Լ̫żˣŹԶءôһİ壬ǰѹԶأ
ŻῴԶ꣬ݺһס
ŮֻЩǮƣԺҲҶТס
⻰˵ЩԶȴʮáͷ㵹Т˳ġ
תԳϵҲˣǸѧŴˣʹԼļױʼ
˵ƽͣȴЩ⡣Ϻ޶꣬᲻׶Էǲˡ
ҲֻȴӦãЩĿŪٽ
Զû顣Ҳû˵ʲôҲûһٳɹѾ㲻ˡ
˵˼仰뿪
ԶҲ˵£Ҳ뿪ˡ
ֻʣ³ϵʱڿԷڶׯı飬ݺݵһϡ
Сˣụ́
ߵѾæȰοǲȥҲͰˣѵﻹ
ҲЦˣǹļױԷǰҪߣƫҪˡ֡
Լ˵ȡ˳ϡߵɫԺͻһڲ裬صȻ˵վǸ
ǿ޴ķϣ˺װڲ
û뵽ѾͷԽԽƿءȻˣͱĺˡ
䣬ˣϷôһȥȥԺ÷
͵ˣڹϷߣʮڵģЩÿ糿ǰ밲֪أǵ˹Ϸ˵ۡ
ü״ﰵ˸ۡͷ˼ֻһЦģ
ð˷üӳȥųЦɩҲСˣǲǰѻڶ
˵ǹͳ˼Сףǣ˼Ҳʮˡ
һֱСǵνĹϷĵصǸôˡ
ϿŹͣͷһЦΪ֪ʲô⣡ն»ڣҲΪõױ
̸ͿһƬ¾͵ŹļױӳԷء
ȻѾԵķ⣬ﻹ³
Цеס͵ֱۣȵصԭӦõģϾҲˡ£һͬүҲ˼
Ҳ֪ƺЩΣǺӵƢûоͬͰѻ¶ԺҲýġ
ϹεЦݣһѵļĸ̬˸ʮʮҲ˵ƣӦ˼ҵŴɩĺϢ
϶ϲЩӰˣ»ǵöϾǽʱͶġ
ȻҲǵޣԭλǰҲִ񡣹Ͳ˻鲻ɣ
˸˼ŹϷ˵˻ŸɢˡȻų˼˳̸ϰãȴôҲ
֪˼Ժ˯ȥ֮ʱֹԶ껹ûл
˵ڶ糿Զ껹ûг֣ϾЩˡæȥң鷿ҵεĹԶꡣ
¶ʱϴءӵݸһ˵үúõôεأ
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ҸΪλεأ
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ͷһԾسϿȥͼߵͻȻһ䣬ǺܿͻָлѾ߸ȥץҩ
ڳ˵¾͵Ϊֹɣүû£ȼҩҲͺˡ
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һ˵ţʱʱ˼ԣΪǸ֮ˡ
üͷû˵
죡ϳȵã֪˵ڸϿطȥ
ίǲ죬ĸףô
ѵǸεĸ̫־壿
ϿߵѾߣ𣿻ϽطȻһǻŭйѾϡ
һԿЩЦȴһƬãȻ·͹һԳͻȻɫԻ󲻽⡣
ѾקذѹôߣԪҲֱˡ
ź˺ͻԵĹԶֻ꣬ʣ˳Ϻ͹
ϿŹĿƺ໳ɡʵԭú񣬿ϧĲôò˱仯ڲ˵Цʱ򣬸Եм𺡣
㣬Բԣ
Ŵ˵ĺȻʶáڲҶְǲҶ˹ߵһͲԶʱ򣬳ϾЩ⺮ֻŮӣôģҲû̫
ң֪ԶԹĲŶԷͲ衣
ȻҲ֪ԶôˣȻͶԹʮֺɫҲһ׽ˮȻն͵ġ
ϻؼ˲֮ҪױЩӳһֱΪͷۣǰѲҶԺ
û뵽ͳ¡
·˵Ļһ㣬΢΢üĸ˵ʲôʲôң
ʮչͣ˵ʵǸСһȹüĿ峺һ̹̹ɫ
ѵԼģ֪Ҷͷк
˼תջ˻ùˡ
Ժɾ;ԼҹЩԡͷʣһֱŵԼԺӣԷ˩ţɲŵôˣ
˱۾Ǻԭǳ¸ҵġ
ǰҲӦΪһӣԺ޵Ŵ󻧣ҲΪϺ͹õв
ǣûԲˣȻҲûʲôӵĻᡣԸûзԼк
뵽ԼÿСʱܻ۵ȥʱΪ˺ʲôҩҲ޼¡
ԭȻ˶
ϵĿʵ̫ˣ
Ա߰ѾסԼͣβŴӾлعϾȻ˴Ǹߴүգ
ҡҡͷһЦʲôã
ڹԶҲֻһ˰ˡԲΪȥͷϡ
Ȼˣ˵ʲôáԼ϶һ˺۰ˡ

15

˴үԶڵڶ峿֪Լ˺ֻΪЩ̫۵ε
Ҳ˽˷øе˶ڹԶǰ𺮶ԻΪ˼լ
ʵĿҲܼ򵥣Ǻ¹Զ˳ϣ鵽ͷϰˡ
ҹԶԼ÷ļʮΣ׵ؽ˳ϵĽ͡
֮ƺȥ˸ָձϵƽǣƽ֮£·Щʲôһ
Ȼûô࣬һֱڷģô˵˼Ļ¡
ĸ֮ý֮ԣҶ׵ʱ˫ĸ̶Ҳǹһ˵ġ
»ùԶǳϳ档ôܴĿ꣬ûá
ôһ飬͵ʮ³糿Ժ밲ʱ˳ϡ
ϽӹԱѾеĨϷ˴ϣЦŵĸףٹʮٵϱŴȥ¸
Ϸ˶Щƺ⣬̫鷳˰ɣȥġ
ʲôãһӵĸǰע˵ģݷҲʲôı䡣
οֲɵӣ϶мģǿԿóġ
Ϸ䵭ı飬վһԵĹŶΣǳȴƺûиоƵģϴЦ˵ҲʮֿС
ĸףҲСһ⣬ĸ׻ǲҪƴˡ˵ˣǵȥأҲʲôġ
˵ϣϷҪžԵЩˡ΢΢˵ͷǺãȥɡ·עⰲȫȥء
ϴӦһתרźϷ˻ѡ
ҲЦеؿţƺûаѸղ˵Ļϡ
żƳһ۹ȥ򶨡
ʱҲˣ˵Ҫȥµʮģ
ĸף˵Ժիǳζ˷ٻգ
ھ˸ԶҲһʱӣǸһϣ糿ʱǰϻġ
ȻֲŮЦŵ˵ͷͲĹˡ
ĸŮȵ˵׽֮Աͷת˱𴦡
ѾͷĸߡϷڣùһ
ЩؿȥͼϷ˶ԼЦʵϰЦЦôһĽӲ
ĸȥɡ
ӦһܹȥסϷ˵ֱۡĵֱģ̧۾ŹϷˣͼԷգգ۾
һְο˼
ͷһůЦУŹϷ˻ϲϲȥ˷
õ뿪ıӰ˳ϵӣĸôǰĵģ
˵Լͳȣȴûĸ۰Ĺһߡ
һģƣQ˼ˡ
ͻСûǿģϷ˷ŷڸ
ʱ¿û̵Ҳ
ЩϷ˶Թ̬ȼãԶҲǰǰ
Сˣǲˡ
οſҪױǻòͷˡ
һ緹˸˼꣬ϷЩˣ뿪
ͳϡһȥ˷ֲ·ҪŰֱӻԼԺӡ
ϽסһǾҪȥ£׼һ°ɡ
ƽƽӦˡ
ÿ뿪ıӰüԹĸ׺αطǵôᷳ
ЦֻĹõĺ󱳡
ƺʲôƵģͻȻǽϹùһһȥɣ
˵⻰ʱ˫һ£ǹˣβס
ŹûطɫΪҲ֪ʲô⣬ʵ㣬ͳ˼ܡ
ĸףһֱ˼գǸǲ⡣
Сһ𳤴֪֪׵ģôͲˡ
ѵΪĸף׻һ仰¶Ȼ֪ǾĸףֻҪϿڣûа첻¶
ŮӣѾԳ˼֡ɵ̾һûԼûո˽ڻѷ
ѣҲҪҪΪŮǰ̿ǡ
ѾѪģòҲͲ˵ˣѵǲŻڡ
˼Ǹеˡҳ̼պܴ󣬳˼ĸֲ˼ȡ
Ժ̼ұȻ·
ɲԼʮŮ޵̼ȥܿࡣ
ǣӣصö㲻ЩûмʲôУžǺõˡ
Ժˣͻ֪˽ܵ顢жǡ
˵ˣ͹Ļ誹ӣͱȳ˼ǿϰٱ
ýȥһѦ課Ǹӣ˼ǵӡ
˵ˣѦɽû˲Ż῿ɡ
ɵúܣƫƫвҪѦ誡
һ֣һֵˡ˵мûмѦˣΪһҪҿɽˣԼʵЩҵ
ɣûбҪȥ誹ӣ
ɡһΪԼͻȻ˵ôһ䡣
ȴ뵽Ѧ誾¶ǿƤӵѽҪŶķա
ԼֱǶԵġѦ誺ʺһɽڣ⿿ɽƺЩϽء
˵ҪԼһˡ
Ѷ㰢ȥ׳Щ£ô˵ꡣ
ƽ޹ʵȥһӣĺ
ǸѾߣȻЩСžţҲʹӦȥˡ
˵ʱѦЩѦү̻塣
ѦүԭǴҹԶ¹Ļ£ԼȰ˵ԶŮס
ڳϾûŹԶ꣬˵ǲˣε
ѦүһûᣬߵߵػظѦ誴Ʒȥ
Ѧ誵Ȼȥ
ڼϿ÷ڸĴܲãԶΪףȻûоΡ
ĻԪҲԹǰһӣ޿֣ȻΪĸݡ
ԣ˵˹ԶѦһҲȥ
ѦүƺʮִֹһֱԱȰ˵ֱѦ誷ĲС
ԣ˵ˣѦ誵ĵһӦǣǣ
Ѧү͸ӻϲˣЦеصЩ
Ѿͷˬʣ˾ֱӹһҲŤҵĶϱ
Ѧ誼װû;Щ졣
Ѧ誵ıƺƽʱϼ֣˹üëûжһ¡·ͻȻ˲
ѦүȴЦеģûͱֹˡ
ˣͲöˡ
ǾͶлүˡ
ˬֱӵӣٴεѦүۣЦݸС
æ˵ĹӣԸõĲҶ
СҼҵģӦóԺȾЩѦү˵
Цü䡣
ѦԱ߿ˣЩֵĸоƺڵĹʵЩǿջЦ
ԺܿĵЦݡѦǡ
Ѧү鰸ͷǿ򶨵ĶӣֿЦⰻȻĹԼƺӦʧˡ
Ѧүı·ƿɳ£ΪǸرʶɫˡǺһЦǸҾĲף
Ҳ̫Ц˰ɣ
Ѧ調ԼǲӦûһһһġ
Щ飬⿴ȴһȻϸϸƷء
ƾʲôƤ
ѦЩޣ˵ҲЩǺˣ˹£
Ǳҿɽ뷨ĺ뷭ۣ˵Ȼ£ûѵеģ
ҡԺָԸأǧܵˡ
·ǵʯ֮䣬ʹһУ»һЦݣ誹ӣûпأ
Ѧüͷ
ڽ֮Ͼܾʵ׿µĹ˹ְؾ˶֪˰ɡ
ڹٻ֮ңŲûϢ
ƺԤϵû˿ִ٣ֻǺٺٸЦ
誹ӾޣЩ˷ء
㲻ΪԼǣҲҪΪǡ
ңʥؿһžھȴΪãǺƣ
Ϊ񣬵ΪʵǽѰɣ
ੲݣȰ˵ĻһһƺӲ
Ѧ֪ԶְߣĻΪ˻ʵ۵ĹƻǰȰ˵ˡ

16

ѦԹȰ˵޶ԣں棬ЩɻĿġ
ҲƼˮ꣬ڹôˣ
Ѧүûвֵģδ̫Щ
⻰ЩˣһźʢЩΡ΢΢ף俴Լ
ǣ⻰Ҽҹ˵ģɸûһϵѽ
ʢΣЦŲԶǸԲСѾߡ
ӵʹͣҪɴ˺
֪˫֮İӿֻѦ誣治ɫĲ
أǲӦùܡǰɣ誹ϴξңҵĶˡ
ΪԼǰ̿ǣСŮӵְڡдʡ
Ѧ
ʲôְڣѵרŸȰϵǲǻøأ
Ĭſһۡ
䣡и̡Ϊһɽ
еϣԼƺ뿪ˡԲϾÿɽ;ܸõпǣ
üþǹڶŵеһվЦŵУ۽ĵˡ
ߵſڻ˶ظѦ񣬺һ֪ģղԽ޴ҵĻ
ˣʢѦ誣Щɸ֡
ӣҲ̫Į˰ɣ
Ҳ֪˭տһַģ˼ˣƫװ⡣ǱŤ
Ѧû˵һ¡
Լ͹ĽȻǺܶ࣬ϾҲ档ƾ˾飬ùӦò׸Ƶˡ
ôͻȻܹ˵Щأ
ȥһ£ʲô£Ҳ˷
ʢӦһֵӣʵǹĹ˹»ػǲҪôˡ
Ѧ誵һۣԽԽˡ
ҪҪȥɨéޣ
⻰ʢֻһ˳ȥ
䣬ϰѵڶҪȥµ¶˹Զ꣬һΪϷ˵ٵҲŸү
ԴͻȻεͲϲµģܾûʲôҪ
ᵽȦ΢죬һ˫Ŀˮ·һ̾Ҫ
ǰԶ궨ȻҪᣬٺοһ
ǽȴûô飬˱˼
ˣõģûµġһԸźѾߣϽˮ˾棿
̬ⷬƺǰûʲôͬϾҲһķˡ
ǣȴɫװ׵ģԶ̬Ѿϸ΢ĸı䡣
ȻϻᣬǺ۰Ѿ
ѵΪ£˵Զ͹һǡ㡱ΣԪɡ
ԶóΪĸûо֮𣬰Ԫһӡ
ԪߵﴺﱻߣԶĻɲû
飬͹йء
ﰵţȴԳ޽ү
Զ˵ͷЩЪɣһ绹Ҫȥ¡
Ȼ˳Ӧˡ
һҹ޻
ڶһ磬ϴ֮ȥ˴á
ϷѾƺЩϲðȥգ·иӦ
һʮµ߹Ź񣬡
ǹϷߵĳ֣ǰߴֹеʱźڲ࣬Ϸ˼޹Ҳ͸޸˹˼ҵĹ¡
ôദ˵ǹùϷһһĵˡ
Щ죬䵭ĮĹϷ˾Ȼɳ֣
ǰɲġ
Ϸ˶Դƺһֱ䵭ͺͶԴûʲô
һеǸıˡ
Ȼ֪ϷǺ⣬ȴܽܡǸ˼֮ˣǸȥ˵ɵǰЩ¶Ͳᷢˡ
ǹЦסϷ˵ĸõģҺ֪չԼġͰɶȥ
ǰɵףǰЩӸձҪߵġ
ڱסӵһ̣Ϸ˵Ƭ̵ؽӲǰĳԴԼĶʮ䵭
أӹԶ궼Щˡ
ȴû뵽Ψһ⡣ߺС׽Ǵδйġ
ԣϷһʱ֪ôӦ
ʮֻϲԽԽϲЦеصȥ輸ɡԴӷȥ겻ڸͷźˣҲЩ벻
˵ͷǾͳˡʵϣЩһźʮ־ϸȻǸġ
ҲĲ˳ֵһ⣬˺ʹʹӦˡ
Ϸ˼Ȼǻϲ˹뿪
˸ţͷѾſڡԱ߳˵ʲô߲סصͷ
ֱ˻ͷһ
Ц˳ô࣬ҪȻһһĨڡ֮ĶǸм
ͷҲֵл
־ЦūǶ˵仰ѣɵôл
˵Ķ˵ˣūͻȥˡȥءЦеĶԹ
Ҳ֮΢Ц
Ȼǰô࣬ǹﻹǶԭʼΡ۹Ϸ˻ǳ֣Ϊġ
顣
뿪һϺ͹ò١ϻƽʱǰ񣬹ϵЦȴƺЩӲ
Ҳ⣬˸кҪڶ
ϵǰɣȽ¡
ȴԸˣƾʲôµģȴҪɵġ
üƽ޲ڳϵɨúһ
һǻش
ȻǺ͹ͬһ˰ԵѾ߶Ժʻ
һԣ˲ȣһʵմ˻ѵһ
ոڹźȻͿ϶Լҹﲻ顣ʵϣϾԼĵλ
ӡָļγţǳϴŹǰͷһ
һЦŲǻĿġ
Щ⣬ϸȥʣȴֻЦ
һߵ˵ʱ򣬰ΪԼǲ³Ľűŵ뿪ıӰ˸ȥ£Բѡ˺
˵գüëһҺҡı顣
ʧЦҡͷֻ¶һ롣
ȻüӺͻŹڴˣԼ˹ϡ
ԯˣ˻ظȥµġ߾ǣⵢ˽͡
ͷĸ׿ǵȫ
ͨͨĻһ˫ӣͻȻһֱĸо·Լһı㶼ڶԷ֮С
ԼǸСһ㣬׾ӵעûнֵϷ롣
ʶ뷨Ժ󣬳ϾһϸȥƣѾתӣǺЦǸд޴С
ϷģŷŴԼˡ
ͬʱ͸оһԼ̧ͷһڶİɡʵղʱڣӦðλø
Ҳ֪ˣǹģû³λ
£Ҳĵûаϸڷϡ
һ·޻ܿ¾͵ˡ

17

µشڰɽϡ
̧ͷȥɽŴ󿪣ﲻ֡
ľ˭뵽ڵʵ۵ǻǰﻹһء
ǰ£˵ˣèèýһжԴһˡ
һ꣬ʵۻֻǸ͵ĻӣȵΧԻڴ˳Թһիз̸
ǻ֮󣬻ʵ۲ûξβרɣŴݷ
ЧԺ󣬾ǾͶʼ˰ݷµҲսʢ
״ȵЯ˹֣һɽߡ
µڰɽɽµŶ̨ף˵Ҳмʮ
ϲУƺʲôƵ˵ĸһĶ𣿡
˵ҲǸСôڰϣǿ
˵⻰ʱ֮ͬɫ֪ĻĻΪ͹ùϵж׽
֮ȣĸ׾ԵöŮĮˡ
Ϻ뷢֪뵽ʲô㽫ѹȥ̾ȻЦóĪģöչ˵ġ
й򣬲ĹԼ
һֶ񶾵Ŀ⣬ֻȴһҲ
ƺʮ׽ˣЯ
еطĴ󣬵Ժһ˶¯ز㣬ߵͲһһƬ֮Уǰ
ųϽݷ㣬ߵѾ߸Сɳһӣ˵Ǯ
Сɳ˫ֺʮлɽ羰ܺãʩȤԹȥ
ƺĺȤԹ˵ºɽĺҶ׳ۣȻˣȥɡ
û顣ʵϣгУֵʮֹ˳ϾһЩӦÿԷ쳣
Ȼ֪ô£ûлɣΪüƶϲ
ȻҲûзֹż轻
һ˵˺ɽȻһƬͮͮ־ȾˬͣĿ
ԵʮԣһֱŹɽߡµһ㶼ֻǰɽͣɽҲ;һҲˡ
ԣ˴Իһ·Ҳֻĸͣɽġ
ȴֻŹɽߡ
վø߲ܿԶʱɽ¿һһĺҶźÿ
˵ҲûзľżƵĸߡ
ۿžҪɽͻȻһȥͼ·ŽţƺǸոߵ̫Ťˡ
ЪһɽɡһΡ
ҪͰȥֹˣô̫ڣ;
ԭأԼͰɽ
ϿʧıӰ¶һ΢Ц
˽죬ҿ㻹ٵ⣡
ʮַɵشԭϢǰѴŵʯͷϣˡ
ʱһɽ紵پˬ·Ҳŷ˲١
һɣ׳ٶۣûͻȻʧ
ҲԸֻŰɽ
˵ɽЩĻɽϿ˼ɽҲɽҶʱ򷢳һصΪˡ
ɳŹӣȥɣ̫ˡ
ҡͷȥϵİȫ׷ˡ
Щ£ҪʸͼǰͻȻһˡ
òҲһɫֱ֣Ŀֱ㶵ضŹһĲ⡣
ʲôɵڹĸǰҲס޼ɵĿ⡣
һҲûбɵĻסûһ㡣
һЦû뵽ȻôˡΪͷ죬ùҲˣδǰһĽҡ
ȻֻǴҴһƳͱⰭ۵СѾ߸סߣҲ㹻ˡ
Ͳոռţϸ޳Ƥѩޡ
ٹ꣬û˱ȵò
ģһѰɣŹ˹ȥ
СӣԵúú׽׽
ŮҲǿ׳ģȴ޷һȡ
ôһɲسһˤȥ˲ԼİΣʧ
ȴѾˣѾߵǰ˫һ죬ۿžҪ§ȥ
΢΢һƿ֮һ˲ֻú󲱾ƺʲôУʱʹޱȣѽһѳǰԵ
ǰͷǹǱϣνеġ
˲䷴Ӧ̧ȱߡ
һУϥǴһӣȥô˻ᣬԱһ㣬ԶһЩ
㵹ǷӦ죬ҲСһϷʵ𣬹ͼ岽Զĵطվһˡ
ڷīȾƫƫüĿּΪŨޣòС
Ѧȴ˭
ЦЦؿŹлżСʯӣһתʯӴ
ȻأѦ誵
˵꣬ƺЩȤһ㿴ҲҶˡ㷽һţߵÿǲᡣ
Цȵصûл誹㣬ҽƱҪˡ
һ˵ţһĵ´һͷ߳лһľӡ
ūûüءЩǸ⡣
Ҳӵߵǰסֱۣɶʱģ
迴
ȻǹͰźõġڳµʱ򣬹˾
ͷԸ¡ŰɵģǲΣ°֪Σջᵣġ
۵ǻߵġ
Ѧ誼˾΢΢һ£漴ԳһЦԼȻǶˡԭ˰š
漴뵽ֻǸʮСֻǵԺ㣬Ҫǰƺˡ
ΪʲôľأȻΪν˲ܺúñ
ʲô鶼ҪԼı㡣
һ룬ٿ;Цݿı֮£صһų˲ȫе顣
ţȴߵſڵϵߣȥʵ˭ģ
Ӹձǰʱʹδˣˡ
ʱôʣŵ˵ʲô
Ŷ𣿡
ƺĵӣ˵ͷһذ
ذ׻ûмѪͿ硣һ˵ţһذ״սӵƤϻ
ӾһʱҪȴѦһŲסģá
Ҳֻһ˲ѦͶȥһмȴǲͣ
ذ״źӵƶֻһɿ־Ӻ
˵˵
һʮ߰Ѿҽŵġңʮӡ
ֻһס
ӲɢյƤʲôԡʱΣյвһԵض˵˳
ѾģˣǺпǹ˸ˡ
ѦͷһȥȴŮɫƽƺһ㡣
ʣټɻϵã
ϵϵãͷ̼ǵѾ߳úܲϷ˼ġ
ͷܺáվѦ誵誹ӿɷҸæ
˵Ѧ誺ɡ
ҸطԺá˸ǣϻŽ֮⡣
Ѧ誾ãһֻСꡣ

18

ѦʹشӦ˿ӣùЩ⡣
Ѧ䵭ӣԼϰ죬һԸġ
ϾԼֻм֮ԵҲûиʲô洦
ʱЩϲ⣬ѦЦû
ǾͶл誹ˡ
ôлѦüʵ
⻰ʵùЩֲһ룬磬ʮһ֣
Ѧ調֪֪ǵѾҵˡԣһ
գգ۾ͻȻǮáԺӳҪױһҪһ⻨Ǯӡ
˵˰죬Ҳ֪λ誹ӵҪʲôɴ಻ˡ
Ѧ誣뵽ˣԻ㡣
Ǹ誹ӣСŮޣǮҲ࣬㿴
ѦһɨģĶȻõġ
Ŷ˵ϣѵоܾ
˵λ誹ƺԽԽƽءϻƤӵ¾ƺҲûҪлġ
ղѧˡ
ʱʢҲˣѦ誾ͷԸӴߣظҸӹ
һֻһٷˡѦ誼һ䡣
ʢӦˣԺܲרְɨéޣ
ĻҲᶯͷˡ
Ѧ誣ԣɨ̽
ʢû˵
һɽɺǰͷʢѺм䣬ǹѦ誡
ͬѦ̸誹Ҳ˴أ
ЩѦ誵˽⣬߲Ǹݷˡ
ȻѦ誵һˡ
ŶǺôӣοԷѦ誡㲻ˣת˵顣
ϴε飬ûлɵϰɣʵ
Ѧҡͷ鷳ġ˵⻰ʱʮƶ
Īؾ͸еһİ
֪Էһ仰ֱӰְȫоҲˡ
ǰ˻˸к
ֱӣҲ֪ĺɽûһš߷ǽͷ
ǽɽϣǽͷǲеΣգ
ֱųȥбϳķա
¶Ȼʱ棬˸ϳ
Ѧ誼û˵³˼ǵ͸ߣôġ

ͷԺ󣬾;ЩɻЩɵѦ誣ǰ֪ġ
ǼԺʱѦѾˣûʵκءΪʵΨһĶȴһֱò̫֮λֻͻʵεĳӴùϵ
Ѧ誻ֻһ鲼¡ȻѦүڣǺڳ֮ϲ޽Ҳֻ飬ǾƲܱѦϵġ
ң˵ûƶѵʲôѱϣ
֮⣬벻ʲôԭһˡ
ɽ£ʢߣϾôһתƣѲע⡣
Ѧʹظ
ҡҡͷڻʱ򡣡
ǰĹ켣ϵɽ֮ɽˡӶϷֶ֮󣬴еֲλһ֣ο˸š
Ȼǻˣڳ̼Һ˻Ժʱʽ򡣺ǱУǿ븮С
ǰϵɫЩѿһֱעŵѦͻȻʵڵʲô
̧ͷ˲һ˫
ǺƺԽԽһֱ磬һȶЩĹƻ󣬡Ϊ֮ң
֪Ǻ̫ǰ̫ʧǡ
Ȼأ˵ͷ
ð
˵ֵʱ򣬹еһɣ˿˵ˣ˿Щǡ¡־塢
ƺһһĻģſ졣
ͻȻһùٿȻһͷʱСѾһضԼ
ŷ֣Ѧ課֪ʲôʱ𣬾Ȼǰǰ벽Ҫഥˡ
ؿѦ誡
ʱһֻСˡѦЩЦȴǵģָָͷ㷢Ҷ
̧һȻһƬҶǷɽʱ䵽ͷϵģͷһ𣬵һֱûб֡
Լ̫ˡ
ЩȻƵĴ˿˵ի誹Ӳȥ
ʱҲ緹ʱˡ
ĳãѦ誺ĵûеͷǸóһ
磬һ𣿡
֣Űɺ輱ҴҵˡѦЦÿ
ֻ˲ûз֣ڲԶſڣվˣΪ׵һλӣòǲģϧһ⣬ׯµԵЩ롣
ӵүƺѦ誣˵Ůɫ𣿡
ȻҲһĻͻȻһ뷨λŮӻ᲻Լһŵˣ
⼸죬ȥѦ誣ֶԷǲŮɫԺﶼûѾߵġһˣͻȻϱһŮӣ˽ǳ
죬ۿѦ誺ǹ̬ܣпܣ˾ͬһˡ
ңôôɣһϵСӱߣѦϲ˸Ůӡ
뵽Ըȥ飬ǹļҵġ
ȻñȽԶȴףǹʵڲÿļ檣Ҳ֮ȡ
ԼŮӣŪձҲǺõġ
֪ԼѾʱżĴѰҳءǰľ飬ϴ˿ӦھˣԱȥɽΧǱģ
Ҳ֪ǿԼö˶˵س֣ϻǺεȱ顣
ɺ˺üСɳ֣ڹϢһŷҵ˳ϡⷿɼʮˡ
Ա߻иСһЩķᣬȴѡһ䡣ʱѾ˲ٵŮ͡
Ȼ̸ôҶǹپ죬йͬԣοϴĿԵؿӭ
ԱߺȲķʵ˷ˣǲ£ιʳüչ
̾˿ͷǼҴɽ羰񶼿һʱˣЩġ
֪˸ϸ̾˶ԴŮ˴Ȱ˾塣
ǳģмؿ˶Էһۣһе̬Сûĸףǲۣ̫ˡ
Ȼһ̾
վһǲģȥλԸһȥ𣿡
ɽĺҶһȤġЦص
м˱ӦվһɽϾҲģȥһ
ϰֲ߰˸ټϸԴŵѾӣôҲʮˡ
˵ǹˣͲ¹ᱡ鲻ȥ
ʱ򣬹ͱȻҪ˻顣٣Ҳżʲô˼ҡ
һˣԷŵڲߣҲûҪʲôױôЩءׯ԰ӡȻҪġ
ԽԽǿģ̧žҪߡ
ĸҪȥһſڴѳϾһ

19

˵ҪŸλ˹ȥһſ˵ѭȥɾһ
ſվһŮƤѩףɫˡʱЦӯӯؿǹȴ˭
к͹˼ķˣϳæЦŶԳϵˣɲصˡ
ϷӦһȴŹжת߷룬ɾɫҲƽдŵϲ⣬˿ûбᱡĻҡ
ô£ѵԼȥ̫٣Ѿ᣿
ǣӸûе֣
һ˲䣬ϵԣΨһܹ϶ǣû£ٱˡ
֣ǰˡ
֪óͷƣƫƫסֱۡ
Ůˣĸ׵ġǲ֪ģĻΪǸТ˳ˡ
﷢࣬µҲʱʲôܲ˵ҰŵǸᱡ㣬ôö˶˵ػˣ
Լϵı飬ǿԳһĨЦ޷ͺãͺáǺǡ
ȻϿʲôǳϵ˼ѾƮɳȥ֪׷ʲôͬڳķ˵˼仰͸ˡ
ȻǸųһɹ˳ģ
ϸû̸ͬȤҲ˲ȥݷ𣬻߰ԭļƻʲôիֻǴˣҴҵTߡ
ǺЦ˵ֻаЩ棬ʵ˺ܲ˵ӡû˵꣬ͱԼ賶һ¡
ǰ˵֮£óǺδġ
˸ԭ͵ԺſڣϺ͹һǰһسԭϢĳϳ˦ӡ
Ҳȥĵһ䣺ĸǽ̫ۣɫ𣿡
ʱֻˣ˳Ϻ͹ֻаɡҲʵû;װһȰģɴ
΢΢ۣҲ֪ʲô
죬һߺȣʼ
ͳϵĳĬͬһ·϶Щϲϸϸĥ⻶ϲЩ޼ɵߴߴһֱͰµķ羰ҲʮϣǺɽķҶǺÿء
컹Щæˣ»һúÿ
ͷɣ
ϴûùȻ롣ᷳ·ʱ
ѦȻУʱһСһ뷢԰׵ߣͷƤķ࣬ȻžŸ̡
µķɡ
Ҳ֪Ѧͬ˵ʲôһƬΪ֮ɫһǹ֮ӣңЩ¶ԱĶչˣǲӦþܾ
ȻѾȥô꣬鳾񷭳ʲôô
Ѧվ˫ֺʮϷ񣬡Ϊӣĸ׵򶼲Ūףǰ׻һȻϷɲԸ͸¶ǻԵѰ·Σһ
˵գ΢΢һЦϷһۣת̤뿪ˡ
ϷߴıӰ̾һ
˵ΪΪ˭˵أ
Ѧ誳δֱͣӳʱע˸ͣT⣬ü˵ټһ档
˵Ҳ֣һ˳ΪŮɫѦ誾Ȼʼһλ˵˵ĸԤϡ
Ȼڴʱ򣬷ֹ˸Ͳˡԭͣĵطʱһ
Ѧ調Ƭյسһ񣬲뿪ˡ
Ϻ͹صУȥ˴áϷ˼ػһֱŵĲŷ
ҲˣȥЪŰɡ
ӦһûһҪڴź򣬱ˡ
ֻʣ¹͹Ϸ˵ʱ򣬺ʵ£ʲô
²˽ʱˣΪԳϡ
ɫԡ
⣬û뵽Ϸ˻񡣵£һһʮذºɽ¶˹Ϸˡ
Ȼû˵ǳϰŵģϾڻûֱӵ֤ݡһжֻǰĲ²⡣
Ϸ˳ĬһͻȻأʳЩʲô
δѦ誴ӵ¸߹Ϸˣʱ˵Լ̫£ûע⵽ӵȥ
Ϸ˱˿ŹγĬȴãƺ͸Լһˡ
ȻϷ˿ˣĸ׻ڣ˾ء
˵ףҵĴϷɫࡣ
ĸΪ˵ȥŮԸġ
ǰλĮϷ˽Ϊнеů
ÿ춼밲Ϸ˵˵ദԽԽ˳
߶ԹĹҲԽԽࡣ
ڳȥ֮ǰ߳裬ĹĶԱ˵ûʲôȴǹûܹġ
ߵϷߣذͷںߵߣĸѾܺˡ
Ҫ֪㡣
ϷԴ̾һ
ڹߺ󣬹Ϸ˵һֱáʵϷ˿ȴˣ
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Ȱ꣬ϷҲ˵ʲôϾүֻǼӡ
Ϸ˱̫үСʮ꣬ںԭȥ֮޽ģʱԭѾŮǹԶ͹͡
Ϸ첻㣬Ҳһֱ
׮ھܣֻǺϷ˶ʮ۰ǾͲϷǼĸ¶
Ȼĸӣ໥֮䵽ЩģϷ˵ҲԾû㹻Ϻ͹Զꡣ
˵ϣʵǹϷ˵Զݣҵ䣬ĸ˫ͶϷˡ
ֻǣνԶݱ濴ʵĻϷںլ꣬ڳϸս˸ʱͿˡ
ֻǰݵӣû뵽űͶӹԶβ
ϷȻǲͬ˵ĻµģҲʵɣϳˡ
ʱϻǸС޲˵˻رˬֱӣһǸù
Ե֪Ŀŵ׷Զ꣬Ҳûšͬ˻£ȢϹš
û뵽ȴһԹżԶźúõĽϲƫƫԼʵĳᡣ
¹ܿҲ֪ɷ
Խ󣬹ϷۿųأԶһζݡȰأֶҲΥؾЪ˼
ȥ˸δǡǸӣȻı䲻ˣɴ۲Ĳڴв¡
ΪԼⱲӾͻôȥʹˣûжʱ
ǹͻȻתӡ
ŵжʮ˰ɣÿ糿밲ҲԼˣߴߴЩ˵Ϸ
ʵûвֵģϷҲһǶŮ㽥˼⡣
ϵķϷ˷Ըȥ鿴ûгϵֱʡ

20

˵ϣص֮ɫʮѾǶСźţҴһ¡
ʱˡνȻǳϰŵģΪľǲŮ롣
ϧյİŶˮƯӶӰ
Ҳ˳鲻ѣ
Ҳûѽµ¸ŮĩˣݺݵصҲ֪ǸСôõȻӵ
תתĸף˵Ѿ˵ֻ»װ°ˡ
˻
ĸ룬ʱɽϾֻйͰɣŮӣֵܵùһӡ
Ӳ϶Ƿʲôˡ
Խ˵ԽԼĲ²ܶԣϵЦʧҿ㻹ô⣡
ü˼ΣҲŮ˵ЩȻ֪Ѧɽֹ˹
ǣɻأ˵׻ûдЩա
õĸףҸʵĻᣬٰ±ˣ
ĵĸʵ֤ݣܷʲôˮ
һϸϸ˼ı
ݺ˼ĸԭŮĵ֮⣬ҲΪ˱⸶ױ
ǹ٣ͳ˼ĻȻʱҸ˼ҼˣѵԷҺ͹˸Ҫױ
ңʧڣϾͲʲôױ
Щ׻ӡսĵ̡ׯҪԼУ¶ĵЦ⡣
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ڹ˵˼ֻ˶Сοǹ
񣬹¶˵Ȼװ¡
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ѾȲҪϢ߳˼ˣ˵˼仰ѾߴҴ뿪
ڶδڴУҲûзֹɫ
ó˷ţһҲͣȥ˳̸Ȱݼ˹ĸͣһ裬״𣬡ڸ
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̬ж롣
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Ҫ˵˼ҲСﰮĽıǮúá
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ǰҪĿľǸ֪˼µ¶ڳõദΡ
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ͺһлл磡һֻԼϱȻһʳ˼ÿ𣿡
ʮŮ۵ͣοȻȲϹҲˡ
Цٻ⣬˼㿴óˡ
ÿÿ
Щ㶵ɫȻȡ˹ã
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ҽҪһµġ
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󣬳˼ɫѾЩסȥĸף˻顣
ΪԼƷʵڲӦȢһʧڵŮӣԷǹɫʮֳڣҲС
һס䣬ȥĸôң
˼˾ҹᡣ
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֪ԼѾϺ͹ò²⼸óһʧȥ׵Ľʱվһǰ
һҳׯڶֵϱߣǶõλáΪֶʮַҲ١
͹ǹվһͿ˽ȥˡ
Щ֣ʲô
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иʮ߰Ļӭ뿴ʲôӣ
û˵ѾȵǹҪѣЩŵĲϡ
ϣ롣Сᳵ·شŹͰ̨ߡ
ʱ¾ĹӹǶƫ嵭ɫЩƥúãͷ۵λá
СƶŹ̨ͷһʮ˴кָŹһƥʹ￴ô磬ɴĹʡ
ÿɷ̧ͷװĲƥ۽ǵȴɨˡ
ԽԽ죬Ȼǰƺ˵˸ҳϡ
ʱƺΪáӦݡǸݹ֪ϵļҵ䣬Ͷ·֮²ͶϷˡ
ϼң¹ϵҲǼΪԶģܿŵĳһŮܡ
ô˵ʲô·
˼΢ĿЩջأ̧ͷ˸ߡ
￴һƥЦеʵ
Щȴϲźͳ˿û֮ѵԶף
һûãȷʵЩΪѣƥֶҪŵģɫ̫
Уһ֪ǸˡĳׯһҲͼ߼ߵسһһƥѾǮ൱ԣˡ
οǹ֣һƥġ
˵Ц˼֣ɴÿλãùøЩһˣ¿û͵󸮡
Ȼƹˡ
ԭͰǰ˻Լš
⻹Ĳ󰡣

21

󣬹û򲼣ȴ˵ļ˸˿ûлɹĶϾ˭ỳһʮСأ
οﻹޡ
˼ȻͳݡΪȴϵùҪ鹦ڳϡ
һֱҪѹһȴ˵ˣż˽Ҳֹ
̸˰죬˵Լûظĸһ£СҪ˼鲼ͷ
ĸͬ⣬ҾӡЦеģĿת֮Сƿۡ
ֱ뿪ܾãСƻЩ겻ģһںϣʲôأķ绪Фģ
˳ׯû߼һˡ
Է·Ǹմĳһߣһתͷʢ˵ʲô
誹ӣɰ޷εĻϲȸԾ
ѦٿȻתͷƼǸЦŮ
վ£ƺһԡ
һֱյ۾ȥ᲻ƿߡ
ЦĴֽȥ˹ڹ𣿡˵ʱһ泯ȥ
ʱմӳׯſڲĲľ롣
ѦĿ˹Ҫ·𣿡
ֻõͷ
Լױ鲢Ѧ誡һǣ˵Ĺϵûе޻̸ĵزѦһССƣҪŶԸ
֪Ѧ誵絽ҵĳׯ
ҲᵱԼĻ
ܾǲǲ̫ã
һ˲䣬תĸͷʹ˻ظȥĻͺ͸ղ˵Ļǰì-ȻǴ·򲼵ģֺαؾܾȥһҳׯأ
ֵֻͷ
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˵ߵǸӣţ
˱ںԺһʪСӲ˵ÿδʱʢʱѦ誻ȥ
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ļҶѲƥڷڷԭͲķݶʱԵøС
ҡͷЦô࣬ҴҲѽ
ֹ꣬ʱĻ궼ˡ
ɴҳͭǮ͸Ҷߺ󣬱ϸЩϡ
Ƭ̲ɸ̾誹ǴֱʣЩӿɶֵơ
͵һƥɴ͵öӡ
⼸ͨ˼ҰĽˡ
û˵ϵʵעɫ
ԭЩƥĻɫǸûŵɫ
ͺѰζˡ
ʵϣϲȷʵɫǰãԼòǸʺЩ
Ǿٹ׷ĵɫɫʺ
ֻǣСʹɫ·ҲɫҲû
ҲõױԺðЩϸϲģһֱûǸ˼ҪûǮ
ôѦô֪Լϲõģƴ룬ֻϡǵڳׯʱ·࿴ĳЩƥۣǼΪ΢СĲ
ЩƥʱͳͳѦǰ
ѵʱһֱڹ۲Լ

22

Ѧ誸˼ƥºܿʹ˹õĶ
ʱӳ̸ûжãڳ˼޵֮С
˵ñɫöԷֻǸֱɲˡò֮⣬޿ȡ֮
ԭǺвġҲ֪ôˣǸ׹ԶĪĶԹĸϷҲԹɫƺÿվ͵Źǰȥ밲ŮҪվ
ԽܵǱ˼Ҳʼעϻڼϣ˼Ŀһֱ׷Ź
ǳù޷
ڣĪظͶ˵ˣϺõӡ
Щûдġ
ƾǸֱɵˣҲ䣡
ԽԽߣֻܲھͳ嵽ԺЩƥߣǼˣûˡ
ϽţŮһɵһʲô£
ñĸߣݺݵ˵һùù
⻰˵ûͷûβģȴ˿û׷ȹԶΪԽԽ޷ƿء
ģĸд㡣ϰطסŮĸ첲ЦȰοҲۼƵġ
ȴһҲȲˣҡųϵֱ,ĸҪץҵȲˡ
úãĸ׺úı㣬ȻСѡ
ϻûץסİѱؾԲѡ
ʱˮܿ͵˹Ϸ˵ٵ
һգ˸ϵ¶ʼæ
꣬һҪ֣ӴǰٵĿˡ
һȥ˴ԺϷ˽鲻Ҳ˼Ц⡣
ǻϲֵĨ䲻ҡ
߹ȥԭϷźĳֱЦÿ
Ӿ￴˿ͷĨÿԵĸ˼ꡣ
û˵ࡱǸŵĻƽʵ̾ùϷʮá
ЦĹֱĸһǸ̤ʵӡ
ᵽġˡȻָĸˡ
Ϸ˻ǵýҲ˵ʮֱӣ޹ͺܶƢϱദ൱
ϧӢţ¹չˡ
ᵽȥĸףһۣЦеġԼӰ쵽Ϸˡ
ּ״æǰ⡣ױ֮󡣹ŹϷð緹
п½мҹϵõģɳݼϷˡ
Ϸ˼ˣɫǵġͷڹǰ˵Цģˡ
ϼһϲǵˡΪСҲܹ˵ʲôż˵ЩԾգһ˱Ϸ˵䵭ˡ
ʱúԪɶˣʹų˼ҲˣظǾͲһԶꡣ
ԶʱվԼҸſڷأǰѦүѦ誣Щŵʣү˵ʲô
Ѧүţ˵ϷٵЯȮǰˡ
Զ꣺ûүȷʵҪĸװ١
ǣ˸ͺԼĹְƷѦүҲ̫ˣԷôͻȻ
ԶɻȴǷɿص˱飬֮Цһ仨¹֮ãүͻ誹ӿ룡
˸԰˴˲ˮŵүͻ誹һȥһ¼ݼ
û취Ѧү̫ߣҪСźš
Ѧү΢˵ͷԶ㹭ȥˡ
ѦүͶԶһˮһصˮʵڲôͷһЩò͸˼Ѿͷ
Ѧ誴ӦһɫʮȻһ˿ĲԸ
Աźʢ˳ǣԼӵĿķѾֲˡ
ԺĳϼæӭȥүôŻ
ʵϣԶԭٵģϾǹϷ˵ٵȻϷϾĸӹϵҲҪӣȻҪһֱڸźġ
ͻȻ飬һͳȥ֮ǰ˵ҪЩ
Զ˲ýͣųߵѦүˣڻ
ʼûзӦԶ飬ͷһǸ˻ʵ۵Ѧү
Ȼ˭
ϣôˣǼҺҲѽ
ʵϣҵ̫ࡣֻ⻰ȴ˵ùԶ
Զƺ⣬ֻߴٳϣѦүͻ誹ӾڻȥݼɡǵѾСź򡣡
ϸڹԶʱһ۾ͿߵһԸӡʵϵѦүѦ誣ûа취Ըʵ̫ɫˡ
ѦүӢдЩ⣬ڻ̸Цһ˵ĵ
һߵѦ誸޷ԣڷīȾӳѩ촽òǳڱϣɱػԵЩᡣ
Ȼȴǡ
ɢһʣ˵ˣһЩеһεѹ
ĵֲþ˶誹Ȼ鴫
ǰߣɫһֻһŮվԸӶ棬򱻻ӵסϲûз֡
Ůӷɫ𪣬üĿޣǹȴ˭
Ѧվһ˹͹Զ
еĸߴʣŮˣһ˫ˡ
ѦүԽԽŻϲȴǴЩԹ⼸ôûйȥأ
СҼҵģ͸ö߶߶ֽϸöȥ˲ŶԡѦүδ˵꣬ͼԼĶüѦүףʾͬ
ԼҲ֪˵Ϲûа취ѽǶӸЩҲԼ
˵ϻظЩһ֣ǶҲԣ»زѦүԶӵı飬˵
͹ɡ
δüӦѦ誾ͿڵˣҲδˣ
Ȿͨͨһ仰Ѧƫƫһ˵һ泯ͬҹĺһ
˵ġƺͶЩζ
شϺΣѦƺӲƵģһ䣬㴩ɫʮֺÿ
ûмǴӦԼһƥȻʮơ
緱
̸ûз߹Զһ¹Я˰ݼү
ѦүŷǰվŹԶһˡ
ԼӵĻʮģȻͰѹ˼ҵĵϸ˸߰˰ˡ΢һ룬µǹļĸϡ
˵϶ԹĲզء
ǣѦү㿴˳һۣ赭дصÿˡδ˵꣬ĿѾת˿ȥ
ѦһûиԴӹԺȫڹϡΧʲô˰ģԼûʲôϵˡ
ʮΣѯʵĿ⿴˹Զꡣ
ҲĪȷѦүӦôδϣôλεĵǴӺζأ
ңòǣԼɫĴŮʱѦүˣ

23

ʱ翪ϯԶ·ѦүѦбϯ
ͶǹͬڳΪ٣ȻϵѦүӵġ棬һкѦүЦеӦԣѦȴһֱǵġ
˱ۣ˴˺ôӣȻúү١
Ҫ֪ѦүǻʵǰĺˣѦǾʵԿġȫš
һԸӽ𽵹˸ɼԶƽʱز¶
ɲǣԺú͹˴˽á
ˣˡ
ЩȻǱԶһģάŵȻǫȴ
Լ֪ƽʱĺѦүյΪζҲ˼⡣
俴ŮϯϵĹԶͷһѵΪ
ϵʲôֵѦҸӿصأ
ڹԶ꿴Ů֮ȻøгϢЩСӺ黭ͨ
պȻ޸Ŵ󻧣ʱҲˮǴˡ
Ҫ˵ҲһѺ֣ٵǲɫ˵ĹضǿȦɵ㡣λȻҲĶ๧ά
Ϸ˵صϱȷʵܸɣǿˡ
һֱź򣬴ʱⲻǫĸˡ˭֪ĸ׵ҲµһѺ֣
Ϸȴڰ֣꣬ȻڼмִȴǸϹ
˵һ룬סˣֻһ˫۾ųϣĿ֮⡣
ߺ޲ѣȴֻǲ÷ֻ˵ЩĲҶϷҲǽŻᱧԹ䣬ûҪѿ
һ־ɢ֮С
Ĭؿţһůˣĸ⻰ָǶǰϺ͸׹Զ˽¶
ȻʱȥôãЩ˶ѾˣǺܸлϷܹڴ֮ͥôϡ
ٱϷ˶Ե֮ĶԹġ
͹ˡ
ͷʼϸس㡣
ųţ;ڿƾŸо̧ͷ˳ȥһ˫
֮Ǻûһ˿һľִ٣΢΢һЦüĿ֮侹ȻĶꡣ
Ѧ誣
һκˡ
ע⵽ˣʵǲǺȣĻΪǺ졣
ҪǺУͰ̰ɡ
ɣū澲Уæ

ϯ֮˵һۿɫ磬㶼Ҫ뿪
ѦүԶŮŬŬ죬Ѧ誣ҪҪȥ˵һ
Ѧ誾˳ƳȥĿͬһɿһ£תܿȥ
ƺЩˡ
⵹ʶ޽еġ
֪ΪʲôԭȥѦ誾ͺȻסˣƺߣһ㡣
ҡͷȥˣȻظɡ
ѦүǾˣ֪һ˫СŮİӿ³̾һЩɸֵص⺢ӣ
ˣ˶ʹˡ򲻺ùգúһᡣ
ʱԼĸۡѦɽܲھǧ֮˰ɡ
ͼѦ誸Ѧү뿪ˡ
ǸߴıӰƺһС顣
ܣһԼĴ
鰮֮£ǰĹҲĶǸ˾ǳ˼ϧȴޱʧ
ˣ㽥س˸εӡ
ԺԼγϡãȴû뵽ٺʲôŮ֮顣
ʱָоİϤ·ַ·δ
ڹ˸Ļ԰Ҫȥߵ԰ϱߣһȣƬ̲ܵſڡ
Ѧүߵÿ죬ȳ˸ѦȴһͷʢЩȥˣӣҪ᲻ãҪȻٴ᣿
Ѧ誣㻰̫ˡ
ʢ
ЩѾαࡣͷ˿治ס˵滰ᱻѵ
ѦվǼӿ˽ŲսȣȻ
ѦҪߵȵʱ򣬾ƼԶһô֮վһһŮ
Ҳʮ꣬վʮֽŮǰ벽¾Ҫ˵ӻˡ
Ѧ課ǰµˣοǱ˸ϣŲͣǰߣȻһ
ٿȻͣ½Ųϸ
ӵѾĸףºܿͻи
ŮӦһ䣬жǻϲ֮⣬ãл硣
ӵöл㣬㣬񻹱ڹȢôŮӻȥǶԲڡ
ʢͷһʶسѦ調ȥĿȻѾ൱ˡ
Ůӵ磬֪ĸʱף
Ѧ誣ԭȻǴô⣡
еӾǹı˼ˣû뵽ȻҪףǺô
뵽Ѧ誷ԸʢȵȥţԼۻص԰ȥ
طأ;Űɳ˳Լӣ誹ֻˡ
ͷһعͷȥȻǸӴ̤߹ߵúܿ죬ƺֻһ˲䣬ߵ˹ǰ
ߴͦεӣƽر䵭ױ˸еһѹȻʱŹԾõشЦ
΢΢ͷ˹
¶ģĿǰҪѸղŷ
ȻŮӳʱѦ誵һƬհס
ǹڣ誹ôֻˣ
Ŷղڻȴһ¡Ѧ誰ԭԭĸ˹
ʮרעĹ۲ı顣
һ㶣漴ǺЦãã
һԤУͳ˼׵СĿϾҪʵˡ
Ѧ:\"ǲʲô뷨\"
ͷ\"һֱôһᣬ˭֪ȫѹ\"
˵գ˰ɵԸ˼䣬ȷܡ
øϽȥɢô׽顣
µȻûֿͷ˼ĿǰĽ
˼ҲһС͹õĹϵһЩڹ϶Ժ߾ޣԭҲ˼˼ġ
ǰգ˵Ѿʧף裬˼̵ܹȥ
˿ʺԼĻǹá
˽׵˼ȻԺٰ߰ᡣ
䲻˺磬ã
кƺܹ쳹˴оѣ˫˫ͷվ岽Զĵطһľ㵡
ǣȻ˽᣿ݵؿڣȻᡣ
Ѧ誷ҲˣȻ֪ڷ곡Ϸǿˮһ̣΢΢һۡ
ȴһֱû˵ضơֿҲãҲҪ͹ˣʹ˻Լͱ¶ʵˡ
Ҳùĸͬ⡣
˼Ӧȱޣһ˵һסô뿪Ƿ֮ء
ȷʵѾĸ׵¶ǵʱĸ׻һǡϾļױɹ̸ۣӲء
ԣ׻ҪҪ͹ףʵĸûĽ
һԿ϶ȻѾʧ꣬ǾԲܵõ˼ľˡȢȥҲ衣ڹãͬ⣬ǿһ̧ȥƽޡ

24

Ϸ˵ٵգ˼͹˽ᱻ֣Ȼ뷨ͬһȴһµģ뿪Ƿ֮ء
Ͱݵʲô
ǰɣСɤּϸ쳹
ԼȲҵרԼóģ
Ƭ̣ۿһ죬ˮ䡣˲Ͱѵǰʪ˴Ƭ
ǣ𣬱С˼ûĴҹ㣬ҲûмѾߡ
һʱ֮ˣ˵䡣
ѾɵˣʶؾҪܿϧȴǵǰҲҲ
οƬ̣ɵļʮˡ˹˸ˣ󲿷ֶǽյ͡
ǷŶۼڻ԰СҲǰԵ̬
ȻͷһдҴҸ
ĲˣͿʼߣ磬ãȫֱ˵Ȼȫ
Ϊ˽ң
ʵûˡ
λ˹ֲɵӣ˾ﻹв׵ġÿ˽δ򣬽ճڴ˽ᣬȴý㵱֡
̫ѪˣϷ̨ݵûҪʡ
ȵϺ͹Զ굽ʱ򣬳Ѿʧء
޵ۣڳ߳˼͹õУʼٸߵĬĬԣһɫףһͷŲӡ
˼ĸ׹ѾˣȰ˵ȱޣʲô˵𣿡
¶¡
ȻǲԸԼ׹ùãǰΣʱ򣬺͸һѡԹۡ
Ҫ棬ƫƫ档
ĸһ۰ҪΪȸͿһñӡ
﷢࣬תͷŶӳ˼˵Ȱôôôסǵڽ˽ᡣ
ҲǸ֪ģСС;Ͷùˡ
òԹ͵Ŀ⣬ɵӡ
ԶȴӾлعȻȥ޿ġ
֮оȻһ˿Թͬ鶼ûУڶ¶
ͷ΢׾Լ¶ŲϺš
ͨڵϣΪ
ߵǰԵɣȴֻǵʹͷһ仰Ҳ˵
ԶһԴ󣬶ǿǵ˽ʵڶˣɴԸ׳ֱ˷
˲꣺ԭĺӣԶһۡǸϣúüĸû뵽ȴǸĿġ
Ů֪ܣϺжǧǧƫƫδ򲻷š
ȻЩ뷨ۣԶͳˣ˱ֽȥ˴áһȥĻǽŮǣ˼͹á
Լм͡
֮⣬һˣѦ誡
Ļ誹Ҫʱ򣬹ԶʵЩˡ
Ǽ£Ѧ誴ʲô֣
ѦдʣҺ͹󸮴мֽ飬ȻǿôҲһ
֮䣬λεض¹Զ۸˹ȥ
ԶȻǲԸģ˵ҳ󲻿οǣŮ
Ѧƺں뷨ֻ֪ͨһ̧ȸȥ˴á
ԶʲôأܲҼҶѦ課ȥϾûʵεѦү
ڡ
ϷɫɨӹڵµˡٵЩһΪй飬ࡣ
Ҳ¶ֻϲ
û뵽컹ûй꣬ͳ顣
ֵһ
գҲһֱ𣬲δϯļ
֪ͳ¡
ʲô˵
Ϸ˶ų˼͹ã˲ɵô˸սɵóԱߵĳ˼ȥ
Ŀȴ˿ûпڵ˼ҧҧȵĸҺͱͶϣȫ
˻һڳ˼졣
Ϻ͹Զ귽Żһ˿ңΪòΪСһʱϰˡ
֪þȻ˵ôһ
Զͨ죬ָŹ֪ܣͷݺݵųϣ̵úŮ
ȴ˲÷ӦֻȥŹãöǲǷˣ
ŮߣΪԹõʣȻܹšû뵽ȴѶԳ˼㺡
ֻŮȴ˲ˡ
ôɩǼҳ˼ûöɣ
ȸɩܻԵõˡϾŮҪͲͬ
¶öԶʲôʵʵӰ죬ʵڲУͰѽһȢؼҡ
¶ھʡ
ǣΪĸףϻﻰģǿ϶ӣ;ըëˡ
϶Сദò漰ԼŮԶ˲ͷֵ
ɨһ۹ȥ̣˵ԼҵĶӻҪһܣҪһζ簮˼ҹ
⻰˵þЩˣЦǳй򣬲ȹܹŮţǼҳ˼ʲôû˵
˼öϸ£
ҿʲôû˵ɩ˶۾Լ
һʱ֮䣬˴ǹսòֺվһԿýζ
żźҪ̹Ӷˡ
ϳ֣Ѧ誵Ŀȴֻרעڹϡˣ¶ĵ΢Ц
Ѿͷʵ̫ˡ
ҿ˿Աߵһ̵ģ߹ŵǰԱ߿߳ԡ
ʵЩĿŵ˵ĿⶼͶȥԭĳϺ͹Ͷ˹
ѦˣԹԣҭš
Ȼָһˮ
һȵعԭøۼƵѾ
͵ɩӶд̼ȻḺ𡣾öһ˶˼ƽްɡ
ԭĴǸȢ˹õױ˳̼ҿաǶ⣬Ƹá
˽ѾسܷܲŲΪ
ΪԼļƲʮģ֪䣬뷴ԡ
Ϻ͹ԶͬغȵɣԹüȻǲŮ޸˼ġ
һˣҶû뵽Ȼǹá
ɫʱͲˣŹõôֲԸˣ
ȻԸ⣬ͱѽɵã˽ȥˣֲԸˡǸŤСˡ
Ŀ֮£òһɹ˵Ѿʧ꣬ûʸټ޸ġ
˻һԾ
ΨѦ誺͹ɫȻͰˣȻ֪Լ׵ģѦ誣ϣΧƤӻںء
ֺʧһ˵
ֻǣʱû˵Ҫһ˸ЩˣҪôԴ
ԶȵһֻϺ͹öûаǵĲ²ԣ񻹱ڹ
ʶغȵ˵ʲô
ȻԷϾŮĴʧϢĻ
һܾ۰Ĺã˼ɫģһ£ܿ˫Ŀˮġͷ£ŵĻĸס

25

˵꣬Զ㿴ϣ֪
ﰵп࣬ʵûãùʧ¸Է˾ûи߹Զꡣ
ϾԷǹףǰ֪ƱҪȡʩʱ򣬾Ͳóιˡ
ΪŲߣȴû뵽ԼŮ˵©죬¼һ˿ǸЦݣԹԶүûҵͬ˵
ŶԶЦ»죬Ȼûҵ᣿
⻰ЩˣϷԶɫơޣ֪Զӡ
һˣǶԷĴ£пԭġ
ǿʼһˣô˼ȷҲỳɶԷġ
ǰԴ̬ϾͿԿΪϲϣŲϲֺãҲǲ׽֡
һԭóʮַģվõĹ˹Զۡ
Ȼص㱻õԼϵʱ򣬳ϵȴʮֵزζ
ǣʱǱ粵ʱ򣬱Ͼڴ֮ͥ£ԶΪһ֮Ҫӵġ
ǣϱЦүԺͬ˵
Զؿһۣû˵
ͬʱõĻҲùЩֲ
˼հѹûдӦ˼˻Ҫ󡣲ˣȰο˳˼һ
ϾļױĿС̸ҪǮʵڲУ޹Ժžͺã;ҸԵ͵ׯϡ
˵˳̸ĸ
еļƲ߶˸飬ľ˻顣˼ҲӦ¶ѹȥ
ͻȻֳҲͰˣʱڳĳѦ誾ȶԼˣҴһ¾ˡ
ǹð¶˵ˡ֪ʧ꣬ҪֽףǸ߱˳̼Ŀģ
ˣˣҲԸԼһûʵɡԸԼа뷨֪
Ҳһö˵ʲôأ⻰ɲ˵
ǣȻʹ˰ݡɫҲţ鿴
˵ջͷݺݵؿŹЦ˼ԣһ͵ųɡ
һֱû˵ĹϷ˿ڵǾ˿϶һʧˣ
Щһ͹ദǢҲԷԸķʲôԲƽ˾ġ
Ϸʳϣ㵱մȥ£ķʲôΪʲô˵
ĸôģ
Լ˵ͷһůϷͶȥмĿ⡣
ȴǲģĸ֪ƫ㣬ǡŮӻǰʧһŪþͻ۹˸ĸ¾ϣ
Ȼδ˵ڳ˶ףʧŮӲ³ͷӣǱ͵ƫԶׯϡ
ĺݵ˼ңʧŮŪҲǲܡ
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ףѾͷԼϸ軵ˣ˲֪ˡԶ뵽ݺݵصϡ

26

Զļɫóһعʮί͹Զ÷и
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뵽Ͽĵصĸ׵ģǧҪٺͳ˼ϸ𡣡
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⵽һֲңһˣ

27

ѦﾭӪʮӣû飬ÿ춼ѲӣҲ⡣
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ǵĺϢ

28

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Уʵ۲ɴŭԸ̵ѹԶ޽н

29

Զһµؽ˹ڵϰݼʵۡ
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ʵ󣬴ԼΪղĹ£üĴơʱŭü·͸ԡɫŭԶսս·˼۲ɴΪŭ
ʷдϣȻѹ˸ĶδϷٵ˽¶дԼࡣ
Զ꿴꣬ڵϰ£ȫѪˡ
ʵ۲ŭЦ˼޵ʷɵ𣿾ȻļٵĶֲͰ۵ݵ޵ǰ
Զ꼱æ˼ĶŮ˵˼仰ѣûдġ˽顣
޿ȥˣ񾩶ݣ˸İԽֵѵ޵İնûж۾ϸűǹ˸
⻰˵еˣԶ겻ףЩԼļ£ʷӣʵҲȫûбҪϾҴ¶æġ
Ȼ֪ʵԵɵģ˼ɫҲǻʵ۵ŭҲҪҪһйڣû취ԼĶӷйֻܶԳӷй
ֹֻܹԶãǡɴùͷᵽּҲϡĸƺ˻ʵ۵ʹ
û˵Ůδ졣ôģ
ʵƺԼϵıй˹Զϣһһ𱸡ȵԶӹгȻǺ졣
֪ºѦүѲ˸ϵǼԼҲûʲô취ϾٴһѹˣοѦүǻʵεˡ
µζҪͳ˼˻ˣĻѦүǻ벻ߵӣ֪ʲô
һأԶɴҲˣֻдһ˻飬øĴܼȥ˳̸
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ͰɺˣʹˣԭҲΪ˱չˣƽʲô鲢ᷳ
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ʱСϲˣ΢һΡѦ誰ķƣ㳢ѡʵɣǿڳ㡣
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½бĲˣŶǳϿڣҲ˲϶˵ֻרĳԷ
ԭͶԳԺʮָȤԺ󣬸Ӿһгкȣһر˵ˡ
Ѧ誼ԵûԾϾʹЦ⡣
Ƶʣ֪˹Ҹʲôķ
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ѧһ֣굥ƾͿսˡ
Ѧȴû˵ſտҲķǡ
ѾͷЩ˼ˡ

30

صۡһӣյȥ
ƫƫɻҪˡ¥͸ˡ
ӣ˦Ťȥãֱڴϡ
ЩĪ֪ԼҹôˣͻȻƺЩ˵ӡҲʣҲ˵ֻĬĬسȥȥûʲôȥĳʳһ롣
һڴ붫ͷͷƺǸīйء
ŸоЩ룬Ƥƺ̼Ҫ˯ˡ
֪ԺͻȻһˣҲδͨݣǴүԶꡣ
ЩԹ̬Ⱥ࣬ԭҪһǷֺ߶׸ȴΪѦүѦԸӶԹĶע
ԶǲҵѦүˣϻ˰ģûмʱף߹ʷһ˵ʵ۲Ϊ𷣣ϾҲùԶ˾š
Ҳ֪ôˣһʱƵĹ˴үȻŭĵؽš
춯ãԶ˦ʲôϣû뵽Ϊ͵ĶȻ˿ۣ
ƳǶһۣһöӣͷһǹԶ꼰һ֧
ʱɽ龰ɾȣûⶫûжãү֪ˣϢԴҲ̫ˡ
ʵϣ²ǹԶԼģ˸ġ˾ǳϡ
»֮󣬳ϾڹԺ⣬˼ӡչһţ㱻˶ϡ
˵̣Ͱ뿪֮˽Ŵһ˲üű˳ϡ
ϵ֪һǸԷĻᣬ˶ʮӣӡ
ŹԶһϱ㽫ͼӴ׵ظ
үŹǸõģȴû뵽Ȼ͵Ӹˡ֪ˣöΪӿûҿߡ
ԶԾȰοܵսŭҹ
ȴŲæضŹԶһ񣬵ԭŮĲԣʵûӻˡ
ԶüϻĸĿ֮Ѽױ㣬ôӻǲ
ŮûõõˡǮֺαȥ׸ӣ
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ԶͷϸһֻӺһǲֵʲôǮġΨһǮһӣҲֻһ
ŷǮʮ죬ȷʵӵġ
ѵĸûаѼױ㣿Զɴżɻ
˵ͷˣҲԺĸҪЩȥ̡һΪǹ˸Ϊ̣
ȻճСĳԴöȶˡ
ճС㡱⼸֣ɵͷЦ걻ﻹճСݣȥңҲҲôǵĴСˡ
⻰ȻܵŹԶ˵ǹװֵ̿صĸʵڲȥšܲͬĸ˵˵հҵļױҲʡնȥ߶Ÿĸס
ԶһҲǣΪױ飬ˡϻظ͵Ĳ趼ǲҶĭݵģְ͵Ӹˣһأָʲô۶ӡ
ǹԶӦھȥĸ˵
Զߺ󣬰ɻȻ򣬡ǹģ
һְɣľΪ˳һʳ
ΪѦ誣ѷǮʡˡԺƺָòЦЦĿ⣬һκ
ԶصҲûзϻֱӾó֮ذѼױ
вԣүʲô飿
ԶЩķһ䣬֮˵Ļȥȥ
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ǰЩҲ֪ôˣһ߰˳ԽԽرעԽԽƵԽԽߡÿʮնһÿնһ̶ագȥģǷ˶ծ
ǧӣڸ˵пܲ࣬˵ȴһʾ޿ӣܿƤšż˾ǡ
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һţһ濴ǽϵĹӣһһĳƺŹ⡣
ͻȻһ뷨ڳƹ֣ǰЩƥͼˣ϶Դӵġ
˵ͷһ𣬾ͺѹȥҹƹͿʼͺнǢ

31

ƹıһеʱ򣬲֪Լжͱ˿
ʢԼ⼸۲쵽Ѧ誣߱һЦԸǰȥУѳƹĳж۸ѹԽԽá
ȻԼͼ룬۸
ʢӦһȥˡ
ӳƹȻѦġʵϣչӳƹĳׯѦ誣߾ġ
֪ׯǹĸ׽ϵĲҵԭǹеģȴĸϰѳ֡
ȻϲϵٲѦҪѵѵˡ
ƹǷµǧӵĶծҲѦ誵ӰӡΪľϹ
֪ѾźһУЩעһϣǾǹúͳ˼顣
ͳ˼˻Ժ󣬹˼Һͳ̼ҵĹϵƺ˱㡣ǰĸվҪһˣҲ
ų˼Ҳûгֹ
һñЩżˡ
Ϸٵϣͳ˼˽ᣬΪͰɿˣѾھˡ˵ˣõѾãҪ޸ˣҲʮּѡ
οֻг˼һˡ
Ǽ֮󣬳˼ûٳֹҲȥȴϷ֣ӣҹؿ
ٺͳ˼ʲôϸ𡣡ϵɫǰδе֣ء
ֻգģһֱһʲôͳ˼һ棬һʲô롣
죬ڳţҲӺúÿŹá
ĵѾð˾ƲˣӳԾƣòöᣬһҲͣȥ˳̸
ſڣȴס˵ˣ˼ҵ˲ܽȥ
ôһȥŵԽ
ҲԹӼǮۿҪǳ̸Ǯ׽һˣ׵ؾЩ˵˿ۡ
ߵԺƿţԼǸٴվţ֪أʹıӰ￴į
˼磡ðһҲ˲Ůҵֱֱ֣ؾ˹ȥ§ס˼
˼һƬ̷ӦǹãѾ˼Ǵ㲻𣿡
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ñȴǰ˼֣ԵƮȻɡ
õ񣬸ĸײ㣬ǿǺã
̧ͷ˫ᣬɫ
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ΪԼ޷죬ȴ֪˹ⶢ¶ôסأ
ɰԼϢ߹ĩѵū澾öҪʲô۶ӡ
üû˵
أõ۶ӿ϶Ǻͳ˼йءǰڹ֮ѡ˳סȥҲ˫˫ɣ˵һ˫ͬԧ졣
ͳ˼ף۳ϻǹԶ꣬ȻԸŮ޸˼
మ˵ѹԽǴ˾͸ȽᡣһԤУιýҪ¿϶˴һ
ں»ǻ£ǾĿԴɡ
뵽ԸɣЩϸʲôϽ
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ɲЩԸ⣬ӣοЩҹյһãֻܹʮҪȥ˶ʵЩ᲻á
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ˣҲǵŷյģ֪һٲ˵ġ
ǹʲôϷӱ߱пܵġ
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ϸ˵˳ƹжҽܾŹԶȥׯ뷨ǺԼıϡ
Դϴιȥ˳ׯܺãƹĻǳԶݣʹ˴ֵ뷨
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ЩҲһֱͼѰһƵķܰѳˮֲڻ
û뵽ûѦ誾ѾˡҰŵꡣ
ô֪ׯԭԼĸ׵ĲҵأѵһֱڹעԼ
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ﲻɵζӳ£һϲѦ誶ԼȻǲͬģһЩûʧԼˣԷֻǾ֮Ͱˡ
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ڲǰǸֺӿݣһֱԺ˯ȥ
ǣڶױ̨ǰվӣͷԼ¶Ȧ
ԺϷ˱ѯʹҹǲû˯ã
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˵Цһ󣬳ϲ١
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ԭЩ꣬ڶԷϾǳķ϶𾴣ϻعúͳ˼˽¶سϷλεֹ֧ͱ˳ߡ
ǱиϷҲǹԶĸףһĸТòôԶҲ˵ʲô
ֻϲҪ̫־ˡ
ԣЩԺ밲Ĵ٣ʱҲ̶ȻȹСʱ
ţϷ񣬡ĸװá
Ϸ˵ص°ա
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Ҳ֪СϷ˵ۣôͺöԷ˿
뷨ڳԺҲֻͣһ˲ͱ˦ˡϾϷ޷Ǹ¿̫ţǶԹƫЩôأ
һѽµĲҵŪ֣ѰŪڹϷˣѾǰˣΪ塣
õδͬϷ˵ʱЩܣһֱԶ굽źһЩ
ԶЩҲЩͷö
ԴѦүȡͳ˼˻֮ùͱҲˡĸʣȻиġ
ԣ˶ԴԶʮֱ
ңŮÿμһֹİԹģʮķŮ˼ǲסѹü޸˼ܵġ
һ⣬һһӹϵʵءϷ˲ٿ˰ֵǶȥɣЪһЪ

32

ԶӴԺûãͱסˡ
תͷȥ˫ؿԼҪȥܴܲһ̣
չԶݣԭڸһµģϾЩӷʵ̫ˡ
ǿڴ񣬲֪ΪʲôܾĻЩ˵ڡ
룬ȥ
ҪԴŹȥ˼ˡЦ۾ףȥߡ
˵¿֬ӡ
СҼҵģϲд۶ҲԶ겻ͷӦˡĩּһ䣬ǲȥ̫á
գգ۾΢΢ͷ
Ȼǲȥ̫õģϾЩһ۱Կú
ǰߵĳϵıӰ¶һص΢Ц
Զȥ׳ˣԼŮ֡
ҲǸĵطģ絽˶ﲻҲһȥ
óͣڽֿڣԶŹ߽˶֡
Ȼȥ¿֬ӣװģѡ֬Զӣʮֿĵģ
ţʲôƵģָָԶףȥļҿɣ
벻ԶԶ̧ͷɿҶ֣¼ǳׯ
⴦ƺǽϵĲҵǰ񲻽֡
ԶͷɻҲӦˣŮһǰһ˵̡
˭֪֮󣬱ʮ֣ôõλãҲСȴûпˣֻɢؿڹ̨ϣĿãȻȻѾ⡣
˽ţһ֧ӣλЩʲô
ʵ⻰ʵʮֶ࣬ΪֻƥǼǰĻɫرѷڽ
ȵصôˣϴͥء
϶ȥˣûˣ
ƺЩƹˤ˼ˣûкģ߰ɡ
ȻҪϿ͵˼
ʱԶѾȷ⴦ǽµӣΪռ޹ʱ԰ƵĴ߹еļױӡ
ȻʱʮᷳǱϾҲһЩӡ
Ҳ·ʱȷʵ˵ǰӪòȴˡ
ңôûкأ
ƹĳԶ
ǹٻ³Ȼְߣһƽջܻ˵ġƵСͷһݣæɫƹĲڵ
ԶǲãڣҾ
˵գ£ҲԹԵԱߣǰδе˳
ǲĿĲˣСΣֻóȥҳƹת˺ü֣ڶĳ
ƹĵó죬³ܲס԰߶һֱ˵λ˶ơ
óƹһֲõԤСҴһص̣һӣϣԱ߻һСʮӣʮޡ
Щ죬ƺƹ˼Ƭ̣ȵ:\"ǹ˴\"
ȥ˸أҲһΣԶԶĿԶ꣬Ȼϵõġ
ԶҲͬѣֱʵ:\"ƹԭЩȥأܷҽһ£\"
˵ƹڵʯϣˣȫԲ÷ϡ
ǣԶϾǳϵķԹŷΪ޸٣ǹԶܵȥͬһͨԼⲻ˱𱸡
ƹǹֵ:\"˴ˣЩжѾȥˡϷշˮԽĻû˹˵̾Щա\"
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ڳ֮ϣҲ˵Ϸˮ֣⵹ǶԵϵġ
ǳƹӪô꣬ѵûдôͰŪÿտҲ
ɻ䣬ſ˵:\"ƹ񣬳вƥѵ\"
˻ͷȥվڵſڡīȾһ£ϻýϸϸ·
ǱˣѦ誡
˾Ŀ߽Źգգ۾漴ƹ
ϸҡͷ:\"Ҳʶ㡣\"
ѦüһЦ\"㲻ʶңһһϵá\"
˵գͳ⺰һʢӦ룬Գƹֵ:\"ûͲǵ\"
ƹɫףضסʢ˲ǱˣںĴˡ
˵ҹͰеĳжˡʱϲԼ
ѵһжһ
ԶȻʶѦ誵ģæʵ:\"誹ӣ⵽ô£\"
Ѧ誵:\"ʢ˵ա\"
ʢɤӣԭί˵˳
ƹγڶĲǷ¶ծΰѵĳжԼ͵ļ۸ȥǮծ
ƹͷϵĺԽԽ࣬ԶѾŭһӣָųƹŭ\"ԭ㾹!ԵϾ\"
ԶȻ֪ЩӶǳھ֣λƹȻҲˡ
һֱû˵Ĺؿڣ\"ƹƺĸ׵Զݰɣ
˸լڴϱۼ£߳ϵȰο
öĸΪã˼䡣
ЩõĶ䶼Ҫˣʱֻ÷ʤ˵Ǵˣ۾һ¡
˵˰죬Ůһӣֻ̾һ˵һ䡰ʱ㡱뿪ˡ
ߺ󣬱һСѾ߹ؽһţǱүͽģ˵ǹһס
ڵشӴ֧ӣӹ˲俴꣬ڳغһԸʰЩϸֵǮĶš
ϵĹãüͷصǡոջطĹԶꡣ
꣬ؽһүˡ
֪Զȴûпһֱۣӽ˷
ôˣ
ѯʸڹԶСˣȴֻ۹۱ǡǹģûлһ
ĵã˽ȥ
Զϣɫ
Цүʲô£
Զ˿̾Ͱ˱˶ˣذѽµĲҵȫһ˿һҲг롣
Ͼüͷ
үϻ˵գֻȥһգʱ̫ˣ˶Բꡣ
Զ겻ЦգٸʮҲǺ˶Բġ
ֵĳׯѾտҲ֪
ãȻĲׯǳƹģʮֿףôѵ̾Ӫɲҵ׬Ǯһʮεġ
οǰ˸ոռ棬ƹû˵ʲôѽ
Զ飬ΪԷֻװ⣬ʱһϺǻǰ˸飬ʱӡε繣û뵽滰˵ˡ
ϣ֪롣ԶǣµĲҵǹģΪ˽Ůױ¡
⽻ԸҲգԸҲգ֮ʧ
˵գԶƺٿһۣվӷȥ

33

һֱԶãϲŽػعʱͷɫѾҲûиҵƣһƬ谵
ϵҲڰһ㣬ƺԶ
֮̾һưɡ
һֱдҴŶеƵģźˮģҲȥȡ
ֻǳȴûθڣǿһ˯ˡ
ԭźúõ˯һڹ黹ҵ¶㡣֪˰ҹͷˡ
СѾܽҲ¾˳ϱ𷣣ֻսսﲻˡ
ԭ˯еĳһڵһ´Ӵ˵ʲô
һյ谵ĵƹڳϵϣӳһƬ
СѾͷ̧ﲻˣϸҲˡ
ϴʱˣЬµأֻһȥ˹õԺӡ
ǣʱȻˣԺȥ¥գŮѾ֪ȥ
˸ԺӺԺ֮ҲòԶֺģȻҲʹ˹Ժȥ
Ժһ䣬ɱء
βסֻ
̣˸ֳ˯ȥ
ڶһ磬ȥԺ밲űճءϷᵹϣĿ
춯۾ǹǿЦЦˣɡβסƣ
ҹֵû˯ãҲҹû˯Ҳ˵
ͻȻһھóӺѲϵԭΪ˱ϡԼ˼ǵҲǣ˹Ϸˡ
̾һЦ棬ߵϷ˸ǰŶǣĸһɡ
º͵ͳƺһĪġ˷ɵϷ˽ƤȻ˯ˡ
Ƭ̣˽һҵľסǹԶ꣬۾࣬ŸϷĸ밲
Ϸ˱һ£۵öѰˣ
ԶҡҡͷɫضǵǡɼԹŮ۰
Կ÷ɰЦһŮòˣ˵ġǰְԼ͸Ҳδεģ˵ˡ
۾ȥߺޣǰԶ
Զ˰֣Ȼû͹˵
ȴ·ûзֶԷ䵭һ㣬૵صҲ֪Ϊ뿪ҡѵΪϴε£
üͷһ˼ӡ
⻰ȴ˹Զ꣬˵ͳ˼Ǽ£
ͷ
ϴĸٵúͱ±֣Īˣ뿪𣿡
ʵʮ棬߼ȴЩͨ
ûˣõʱͻֺαصô죿οûˣѵˣ
ԶȻҲһ㣬Ҫ񶨣ԺȴͻȻһ˼
öԳ˼֣ٵϱ˷˽ᣬԭӦ˳¼ȥ̼ҵġ
۹Զ껹ǳϣͬŻ¡Щÿÿ𣬶ᱻ˲⡣
ѵͳ˼˽ˣ
뵽ԶͷһŹϷ˸ǣĸףˡ̤뿪
Ϸ˿Źβŵǲ֪ʲô
ȥĸһƬȻ䲻ʻǿ϶ͻȻһְһкгĳ嶯
ϾԺ縺ǰĺ⣬Щ˿˵ǣ˵Ϸܹ
ǣΪ˽رԶ
ûаա
ǣĿĸŮֻǲ²⡣Ͼúͱ¶Ҷ֪
֮⣬ûҲ²ֻʱˡ
ϷĿɫ任ճ̾һʲôҲû˵
˵Զ˴ã㼱Ҵҵؾֱȥ˳̸
˵ãҲͻؾ
ЩΪѣү˵Ҫ£
Զ겢ûаѹʧٵ¶ˣҲû˵˽Ͼ¶ûȷ˵ȥҶˡ
üĬƬ̣ɡ
Զ걻ʱ򣬹źȲ衣˵ĸ磬Զʮ۰˹ڹԶǰЩûûСġ
ôпչǿϳ̼𣿡ͺһڲ裬ڵ
Զûй죬ֱӵ˼ڲڸ
ֿȻǲġ
ԶɨΧһۣڳ˶뿪Ǳ㿴˹ͣΪҪԼǸ뱻˿Ǳ΢΢˵ͷ
ֻʣöˣԶŵ˼ڸУܿǺ͹˽ˡ
⻰һ;ͱɫ˵òˣ
Զ˵ͷҹͲˣûҵңϸҲˡ
ų˱°ߵĿܣöȻԼ뿪ġ
󣬹Ҳ˲ú͸ˣӣ̽Ըȥڲڡ
Ƭ̣˱Ժ˵糿ͷֹӲˡ˶٣ֵ˼Ʊ
ˣ
Ȼ£૵һ˽ˣ磬ô죿
£Լи磬ʱؿŹԶꡣ
üô죬Ұɣ
ãֻ˼ϾǸӣ˽ˣҲճȢӣþͲͬˡ
˽ʵþֻм޸˼һ·
ͳô꽿ŮҪͼˡ
ϵ¾ˣʧ⣬˵⡣
úͳ˼˽˫ĸͷöʱȴЩϲǰĺɰͷǼƱ
һһչȻǧ֮ࡣ
ʢվڷУ͵ǹ˵ˣǳеĲۣӦöС
Ѧ誰ѳƹͼĳзŵԼĵļ۸еĲ۲ûԼţ͵˹
ôడ
ʢȻûУǼܲסԸ㲹ѽ
ʱѦ誷ԸֻΥĵص˵ͷԣЩúá
գգ۾оȻô׬Ǯ
Ȼ˸ӣҲþܾǡЦð£ʢллǼҹӡ
ʢ̾һµλ΢ûǹȥлɡ
仰ͻȻģ빫֪Ӧûܿİɣ
⻰˸ۣλ΢˰ɣǿüûûСġ
⻰Լҹǻ誹Ӱˡ
ҪūЩ誹ӣ
ȻʢҹΪѾߣҲ˺
ʢȻԸˣһ۵ɹɲʾصɻȥ
ܣȴûзֻ֣ŷȥĵؿЩƱܹŪЩⲻˡ
һ֮ʢ۾ᣬڰ
ȻһԹӷ˹˶ͳ˼䣬Сδ

34

ʢԹ˵ͳ˼˽ĹѾǷ֣תѦ誵ʻ
Сʹô
һϲ
һúò׺һ𣬾Ƕɡ
ȵ췹ȵҲѹסˣʱٻǺ֣
̲ס뿴ʱϵıˡ
Цüüۣһȥһ誹ӵлġ
ʢ˵˰죬ȵ޷Ҳôһ䡣ʱ˿ڣֻϲϣСҹ
˵գˡ
Ժӵϲͬ˸ԺȴһɳƲԴӷŮ֮Ҳ޷ۣѾʮʱ
˫ͨ죬ɫȴһָŹڵϵӵǿŶôģ
ŹԶѾͬ˵ԼĻɣпܹǺͳ˼˽ˡ
ô¾Щˡ
һڹ˸һڳ̸ôģʼ˭⣿
ⶼֵúúĥ
ǰͱɵߵӣ׵屻ʵˡ
ֻǿͷġ
Цܸ֪ЩʲôɣЩûбĳţ
һӼȥˣնһء
Ҳͬ˵ȥ𣡡ɫס
ګګԣβŵ˶˾ơ
Ȼˣ
Ͼ֪ӱȻġǺżİ˰ȥ
Һݺݵش򣬴ʮ壬Ҹˣ
ʹధ󣬳üҶһ¡
ֽõѾߡӺδֱǣôѾӶӲˡ
ֻЬ׵켸£Ѿ߱ȫˡ
ôȥĳ̸˼ôôԼĳͷ
һһʮض˳ϡ
Ҳûзϻֱ˰СѾȥȥµҤӡ
ǣŭȻûзйꡣȥ˳̸
ԼŮǸĺӣؾȻͬ˽Ȼܵ˳˼Ĺƻ
ô˼ĸ׹;ͲˣҪ¸
һȥȥ˶죬˰ŻظʱɫѾ谵Ҳ֪ڳ̸ʲôظͶߡ
䣬źʱЦÿ˵ˣ̿Ǹˣ
һҧһڣε˶ǹݣ
ڳϺ͹͵ԼĺӺͷûʲôֵǸġ
ǰ͵˾üͷһµġ
ʵ˵ԺŮˣһء
䳰ȷֻӣ޷
ǽûǸˡ
˺ü죬úͳ˼һֱûбҵ
ҲǲˣȻϹ˸ͳ̸֮Ҳ
ͷҲֻһ˲ͱԺ
Ͼúͳ˼֮ҲûʲôϵѸֵùȥ롣
Ѧڵ˼ֲ֧֮סԼ˹˸
Ѿкüûг֣ͻȻǰӵЩɻ󣬵֪˺͸дϵҲûš
Ѧ誾ʹҡڵĽ˸ۡⶼùùʮ־ʲôʱ͸Ӷôˣ
ѦϣʮģһԱߵϵĲȣһҲ֪˭ӦҪлģӰҲһ
Ҳ֪ô£Ȼһ˿Թ
ΪԼˣȻߺȻǲˡ
Щ飬ǺǸЦЩæˡ
Ѧ調һۣСɫޣһ֣¡
Ѧ֪αװʱҲЩ˵Ϲ治ɫĲ
֪ΪʲôЩ֮⡣
ȻˣЩɻؿѦ誣鲻ã
Ѧֻһǻ鶼ˮϣЩĵȴֲ˵ǰԼ
ΣŵЩٶۡ
ЩĪö˶˵ģôֳοǰǳٶۣԾǴġϾܰװ׶ʮꡣ
Ҳ֪˽ôˣûк
ﰵ̣ҿɽ֮·ֻ̫ѡ
һЦðȥҪЩĵһһڷѦߵϣһУ誹Ӳ糢һҪһЩҲзζ
ѦҪĲǹһ̬ȣʱԷЦ̣ˣӹһڣпɡ
Ȼϧ𣬵̡
ʢ÷ɵ̾һԼҹԺ󶼻ᱻ˹ԵģǱٷˡ
ѦЩ㳯һ񣬵л誹ӰæлԺԻᱨ𡣡
⻰˵ʮϣҲôġ
Ѧ誴Ƥӵ°ߣ˳ƹǰʢƱʵĵúܡ
ֻǮƣҲ벻ķֻԺˡ
֪ƫƫ˴ϣѦ誵ȴ㼴̾ͱҰɡ

һʱЩӦһźİѾ˸ۣʢԩĵϵʺʲôϵ
ôԸ⣿ѦһüۿɫҪ
æҡͷǣԸġ
誹Ҫʲôı𣿡
ҲȥˣǮûжٵġԷҪʲô˰ǰЩƱȫˡ
Ǯ֮ͻ誹ӱһֳڶϵҪġ
ѦƺЩΪѣڹϴƬ̣صպҹɡ
ֻǱ𡣡
룬Ӧû˶ǮֻҪ໨Щ˼ˣǳˬشӦˡ
Ѧˣվˣ糿㡣
˵ͷ
Ѧ誱ʢ뿪˸
Щ⣬ǱĻڷȻûзڹ˸ſһж
˼Ѧ誴ӹ˸תתһ̵شСˣ֣ͣһۡǰ
ۡڻͻͣΪơֻлʹ֮ˡ
ͷһɫҶ֣
˽ţֱȥ˺լһᡣ
ӵұò⣬һ䣬üĿˣ
˵˵㣬үϣѦ誺͹ϵͬһ㡣»ۿӹ˸ɫΪԵá
һЦӦҵˡ
˸Ѧ誺Щӣֺ߻紫һ㲻ŮɫΨһϵŮӣֻйһˡ
ԣѦŮӣʮа˾žǹ
ˣһƷСٵŮһҲǺӣȻͷ϶ǻòͷˡ
˵ʮ˵˳˳ˮ
ʥõǻֻ꣬ӡһǺӻûµʱ򣬹ʧĸӽ
ǣͳΨһĻӡ
ʥѾҲ̫ãӵϣã͢ĹԱǶΪһλʵˡ
ȻҲΪġ
ԣЩſ޼ɵΪΪ
Żʵ᲻ķˡ
Źٻ£ӭûһѦΪһŮѡԡ
ЦǹȷʵյԺ
˵Ѧ誺ϵܺԼƫƫҪŮˣѦ誻Σ
ָΣ
˵үôӳ顣
ϾѦ調˱µۣڽǵϵڿ˵ҲǸݵġ
˵Ĳúúһ롣

35

ʱգ۾͹˵糿ȻѦ誾˹˸
Ϣһһ㱨ʱûг緹
ô磡űԹ
ǰӦҪѦ誹ġҳ˼ڣڰɵľĿ֮·ꡣ
ҪȥѽƺЩġ
ͷѾӦˡ
ūҲš
룬ӦˡͰӰ룬һˣҲںѦ誵ദʱִ̫١
⣬Ѧ誴Źһ˲ʧ
Ӧǿģһɫȹӳĳ˫ӣˮһ㣬֮
Ѧ誱ȻһЦǧԾ۵ס
΢΢һϳɡ
ͷҲȥȫεģȡѦ誣̣Ҫס֣ȥ
ӣūɡʮֻشܹһֱֻѦ誡
Ϊ˸Ƕҹﲻ⡣
Ѧһɨɵֱ۾ͽסˡ۹̫ܲסѽ
ҽҲûдʢ
ûгԼѦҲ˵ԼҪƵ˵ʵ
ЩΣһԼƺҲӦôŰɡ
ǣͷ˵Ȼظɡ
ӷ˻ɻ˵ʲôֻܵͷʮֲĵ˵һҪ
緹ǰͻ
ͷ
Ѧ誾СѾ룬ɴԼӣѹǿз
漴ԼҲڳԯϣһ˦ʱĵûڡNNС
ڳˣƿ·߷·ǳķ
ʵȥ
ѦͷҲδأƬ̱֪
ȻǴˣҲΪ⣬˾Լüأܲڶͼı졣
ҲרĹ;羰
ʱѾɫһƬ;·һƬ֣˲ĻҶ
ɲ֪ΪʲôʹҶпЩȤƺҲһ
ֹ˴ӣͣѦƿӣЦɣˡ
˵գȻȻҲȻȻȥ͡
ֵָֻոӾһȻһ¡
Ѧɫǰһ죬ɷ˵ס˹֡
Լǰĳʱ̣Ѧ誾עС֣ʱֻӨ׻ۣ˲ֱӡ
ʱסˣԭȿĻҪҡʮָ⣬ϸỬƺҪࡣ
֮£˳ģһֱܵ֫ٺȥ
ȴƫƫһӲһֱ˳ӵ
һʱ֮䲻֪Ӧ䣬ֲ֪ѹȡ
ңжɿ죬˲˳վˣֳ˻ȥ
Ѧ誾ĿտգƺҲտյġ
ΪΣһָָǰԶƬӣȥЩһԡ
ŷ֣ǰͷһƬ֣űȷ·ĸïܸ
ԭȻҪԼ
ǰǱϾŲгţլȻҲǳŵġ
ԺæŶԸϺ͹ãһʱ֮Ҳ鲻Ρ
쵹ǼٽѦĻᣬ뿪˸һء
ʱϲȸԾ红ͯһŽӣһ滹ͷкѦ誣Щúܡ
Ѧ課΢ЦʩʩȻŽӡ
˸սȥ֪˴ءһƬյأϳ˶̶̳Ұݡ
Ϊڵԭ򣬴󲿷ֶݻˡҲһЩӲݹִزϱƣά̵ɫ
ʯͷ£Ѧ誵ֻӺʲôġ
˿ʵûд
ãʯӼɡѦ˵գӵ˼ʯС
ʼЩɣˡǵ˻ʵۿȫŵˣ¹Ȼǲ˵ɿڸȡ
ʯӴֻӿ϶ڻ¡
˵ŻŤͷԶݴ΢
ƺʲôС
䡣ѦʯѼ
ʯһĻߣôڷŶĲݴԴһ춯ҲûУݴԴ㲻ж
Ѧ߹ȥȻһֻɵһѾˡ
׼ͷ̾
Ѧ΢΢һЦȥЩ֦ȥӡ
⸽һϪˮȥӰƤƤ̫ѪȣѦ誾ûǲҪù
Ӧһˡûбһѿ֦Ҷ
ѦҲˣӱϴĸɸɾͷһѪ˿
ĺһªľͷӣľˣڼϡ
ÿ֦˻ѦʱʱתһתƵؿš
żͷĿרע⣬һڴӡ
΢Ц˵һͿԳˡ
ͷƺʲôƵģӻóһ
Ǹ
Ѧľ⣬ӹһͷһīɫд
Ѷдȥؿŷý˰ơ
ɫʽڴȫһ¡
Ҳ֪ϲʲô·䡣ͷ
ᵽͷȻȻѦͷڷӨ󣬴󲿷ýסˣ˳żͷк¡
һͷһ˰ֵĸо
Ǿÿӣÿ
Ѧȴûע⵽ı飬ֻרעĦǶд
ﲢأѵõ⡣Ȼע⵽ͷĻƣֻʱ䣬ѰһģһĳУһģһĻơ

Ѧ誵Ϸһ󴺷紵ůůЦ
ˡһ˵ţһ°ѶдŽɰϵ˷
һնá
ԭǺͨһ仰Ǵʱ˴˿Ǽഥʹ˼ֵ
Ѧɤͳβûƺ⡣
תͷȥ֮֮УβסЦ⣬ͷһתȥ
Ҳֵʲôǲϲ˱ǡ
Ѧ誣Ͳϲˣϲĺܡ
عͷȥײһ˫۾֪˵ġϲ˵д˵Ͷдˣ
ͷڹͷþû֮ȥȾϺΡ
֪Ĭ˶ãͻȻһֻѦ誵Ҫˡ
Ӧ̧ͷȻⰤŻһ߿ѾЩڡæתתӵľһ濿
Ѧ誴óЩη档
Щ棬ôЩ
Ѧ誵ҵһϰߡڽϵʱɵġ
ЩסѦүѦ誵۰ڽҲòֺαηأ
ѵҲҰ⿾ԣ˲ͼҰȤѵڽϣҲͱĹ
뵽;һᡣѦƺ뷨һ㣬Цһ£ʱҰʮ졣
ûεĿ⣬ηˡ
ΪԼС۶е΢΢ͬʱҲΪղ˵Ļеľ
һ׵ĺӣΪʲôŻᱻӵҰأ˾صˣδҲ̫ˡ
뵽б㺬Щ֮ͬɫ㵱ʱһܺ°ɣ
ѦһϸȥƽƤЦģ·ʲôں뵽ϸһ档
˶ΪΪѦү۰ĶӣȻŵġǴûһʣڽϹΣ
ڽʲô
ֻǰһˣ͸òԺյءϸµ

36

˵ѦͬһΪʵ㵱ʱܺ°ɡѦ誱ʮָж
Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻɫһݣȵ˭ͬʱתͷܿȥ
Ҳ˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼԭ׵ĲݴﲻԼͬվʮˡ
ǸĽ˶ڲ棬л򵶻򽣣ذΧм䡣Щ˷ǳġ
һ˲ѾѦһסֻʲôˣΪ
һǰһǺһЦңңָｻ̱ߣĻ
Ļû˵ǹѦ誶ˣ˵Ŀǹѹȥ½ǲȫˡ
˵˭ģ룬˿òͷ
ΨһԵˣֻгϡ
ǳûôܹ˶ˡңЩӣӡ
ѦЦһأ
ΪǸĿٿȻ壬Ǿһɡ
䣬ѷֱѦ誺͹ķжͬһ㣬ʮҲͻȻ
ӸԸƣ
״ֻګګ޷ֻúɱԼȴѦһסӵڻС
𿴡
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ΧӵģȴƺܹԼһһصĶ
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֪˶ãΧȥͷһº͵ˣûˡ
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Ѧ調ŹִٵӣЦ
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˰죬벻׵˭Լĳޡ
Ѧ誵Ȼ벻ͲҪˣЩܻˮʯġ
ĻƺһĪġȶĵľûô־塣ֻǵѾȳһŵ⣬Щ۵صϧˣҲûгԳɡ
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ڴ֮ǰԶ껹ڴţԼ۰ŮҲֻǶߣ˽˶ץסˣڴȫ˿ա
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ȻǵĴһֱĬĳ˵ˣĲš
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ڣһҲ
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˼ˡ

37

ۡ
ŮʣежűӣɫȴЩơ
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漴ҡҡͷǻʵΨһĶӣݹءʵѰеľϣڸֵһǰġ
ȥЩȻõģҲΡôֻԸѦ誺͹ôȲʤȯ
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˸ĸԼ˵һ㣬Ҳֻһ֮䡣
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ΪԼˣʯһǻеİɣ
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˼ңǹԶ껹ǸϣȻ
ʢӦһֵպүϷ˶˹˵ҪӰ硣ϧѰš
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ūĸ˵ʲôֻ˵֪ȥ
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ھֻһ̵ģȻҲƣϾûʲôλܸ塣
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Ĭ˰죬ڵסˡ
Ѧүһ㶣ɫЦȥ誣ˣ
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ǣ֪
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գ֮䣬ֹȥʮ졣
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ǣƾͷתԼĳ̼ռϷ磬ΪŮֻʮš
֪͸Ͳ飬˳ϵĻ˵һ䣺ʵҲô
ϱҭϲͷޣתͷȥá
ȴճյؿŶĳ˼˳ԡ
ˣˣ
ŮͲƱһˡиŮθߣ׶Ȼ
Զɫֻ࣬óԲãЩ˻Ҳá
ҲЩӡǺǡ
ᵽӣƺľ˵˹͵ʶسÿһۣĿ΢΢´˺ߵĶӡ
Ȼͳ˼Ѿͷһס߰գ˵ʱѾˡ
ط˹͵Ŀ⣬һơ
ȴƺԸֺù̧ͣͷԶԷЦʮֿ
ЩüĿĹ˾ͲڹĹע֮ڡԹԵרĳԷ䲻ȴ˵ãƺЩ
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еĿӵԷȥʱ˿̣ô˵̫
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˼磬Ҫˡѵ

38

ðѹ˼УÿμҪ䳰ȷһҲһһ۵صɡ
ԭϳ˼ԹĹģѾùøеΣ
ȻںЩ˼Թ˵Ǹ˵ֻһų˽˰ˡ
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ЩԹõƣǲȡӶ̬ȣⱾѾҪĿˡ
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룬ͻȻһԺðһ֣Ѧ誡
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ȴһ׮£ȻһɡȴûпѦ誵óѵЦݡ

39

󣬹ȥ˺ɰŵ˱ϡЩ˼ضѦ誵һıЩࡣ
ѦɨһۣһЦһĹˡһʲôҪƾˡ
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ֻϣһСĵͣһֻȲ衣רעá
Ѧǣ߹ȥӹĲ豭ԣҸš
ͷҧһڵġ
Ѧ誼̺С׽˼£ŴǳˣʱذѱӴյĴߣźһڡ
̧ͷЦۣܺóԡ
Ѧ誾ãҲһҲ
ѾĿɿڴɤӣѵǸûظˡ
һʵ̫ɷ羰ˡ
Ѧ調˰һۣ߶ʱûһ󷢺ðɣ֪Ը⣬ΪѾߣҪԼҹܱЩռ˱ȥ
תͷͷɫҲʱ磬ǵͷţҪȥˡ
վߵ鰸˱Ѧֻùȥһһ˱һ
Ѧѵ˱кܴ⣬һ£дո͹ȥ
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ֻñŤŤص˵ͷ֮͡
ʢȥװ˼ĸϣ˶Էһ·Сġ
ƺ˸ֻвһӵ·̡ʢʵ̧ͷѦ誵ɫԼûǰ⻰ڶȽϺá
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˹ջİɣȻѦ࣬ʢǱл˵Բڶԭ
һѦȴû
ȴǻشˣҿЩӣǶˡ
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ʢֱ£һֱڣѦүԺ
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ѦҲͬġ
ڿ˱仯Ҳ˸ĳЩӰ죬ѦүҲѦ誣֮һ仰ʲôԼ֧־ˡ

40

ڶգʢ˸һţҼҹҹдõģг˱ڵ⡣
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ʢֵҼҹ˵ˣ￴дĻŸԻŽ͡
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ʢȴ͵ҼҹӴˣӦô˿̾ڻʹ
ʮ־ȣ˵飬ǰͺѦȻʱ˽ģȨƣ˵һ¡
Ѧ誶Դʮ䵭Ҳû
һ룬ʵʲô
⵹ǰʢʵסˣͷ˰죬ҡҡͷƺҲûзʲôر顣
ʢߺĺܳһʱ䣬Щ˱Ѧ誵һһգȴǿ˰ʲôҲûпȥ
ɵҪȻЪһЪɡ
ԱվߵԺ
ʱڣͷԣǿҪ磬ȹĹǸеһķ
׷·
˼ǧͬʱʹȴһƬ֮
ʵۿŹڸǰѦ誣ЦŶѦү˵㿴޵Ķãװ׵ôЩӡ
Ѧ誴ӽϻصʱѦүʵۡʱʵ۵죬˫ȫɵĴá
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ʵȻЩϧΪѦүĹϵҲǿѦ誣ͬˡ
Ѧ誸ı⣬ûʵЩϲ⡣
ѦүȹҲϣ֮ĶгϢѦүĵѦָˣǾǸֺеĹӸ硣
ڼȻѦ֪Ͻʵ۵Ȼּɡ
ǣ͸ߣɰϴε룬Ʒա
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ʵ۰ڰ֣ԼˣͱЩˡ㵹Ǻúú˵˵ν̶ӵġ
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ѦүҡҡͷͷȥѦ誣߼ֱͦͷȴ΢΢µģҲı顣
Ѧүͷһ̾㽫תȥ
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ź˶Ժõ˱鷿
Զÿ֮󣬶鷿һ󣬽Ҳ⡣
춯Զ̧ͷǹɫһ˲ĸӡ
Դ۰Ůúͳ˼˽Ժ󣬹ԶȻ˳ڵһ֮СôԹøѪû壿
ĮȻԴĹʡġ
˵Ĺӻ̫裬ǻЩ޴ôڵĹڹԶоͽһŮˡ
ԸТ˳ԳϹ˳ҸҪǣȻ͸˭˽ĸ
Ȼֿϵת䣬ͬʱùԶЩΣϾôûкúõչ˹
ʧȥĸԺ󣬼Ҳʧȥ˸ס
ԣЩÿμԶһìܡ
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ʲôԶЩãȻԼڳڷŵ˼֮С
ɴߵߣ˱һһ̯ϣѦд©ذĵطָԶ꿴
ף⴦20ƥʮԺʮƥ¶û۳Ҳûκν
Զ˳ָĵطȥšüͷ
ׯڵĶǾһ֣Ů˵ƫƧĵ̣һ˽Ҳϰ١
ѵһ߲ȥ
ԶĬѾ˱˻ɡ
ָֽ崦ԶԽɫԽ
žһº˱ˣȥҳ˵
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Ŀ϶ĽƺѹԶ굱Ψһľһ㡣ùԶʮãɷֶ˵һ䣬ȥЩЪŰɣ½Ϊ
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ԶΪӴ˶ɫ֮ĸŮ֮ͿԵõ޸
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ҲҪʸ֦ҲԭͶԼν÷ûôģ֮дӦ˻¡
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Ҳ֪Զôͬ˵ģڶպ߾ǧƱǳߵĴѾеڹǰü˳ۡ
˵ˣﲻԣ
˵⻰ʱ΢΢ͷ޷ԡ
˵ͷӦùˡŵһ㣬̵ĿҲǧ϶Դ˻Ǻġ
û뵽һȴûٳʲô۶ӡ
ûʲôԸǳ
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ԶһŲδͣˡ
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Ͼ˹Զ겻ãϾˡ

41

˶һ£ѦүѦͻȻΪ˻ʵߵĴ
ʵѦ誸մӽϻؾʱ˾ڲ²⣬׻ʵۻһʲôְǺѦ誵ѡôʮ⣺ѡ̣δ;
ѦүĵãһȽϵͶ˵·ӣİǶĻ誹ʮֺ档
òȺȥˣѦȴǰʵ׼ˡǣ˸λãƷ
ףиõǲһѽ
ԴòģҲѦүһ仰¶
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ֻһ˸еĳΣ˾
Ѧһյ˹ﴫϢ
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ˣʲôϢһ谭ûС
һֲͬѰζΧ¹Ѧ課죬ô粻ˣƫƫѡʱ
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Ѧ誻δվȽŸҪѹŪ֣ͱҪϽˡ
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Ψһķգžйزҵˡ
ϰѽϵĲҵ˹ǺȴδȻǰѦ調˱Ҳѿղˡ
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ÿնȥһȦĶǻϢֵĳׯûʲô˹ˡ
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Ȣ˸ķ˲˵и˸ôõĶӡ
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Ȼ֮ʵ۶ѦүȻʮ˽ġȻЩŵʵʮ塣
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ѦӦһǳͷɫѾȫˡ
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һһֻǰؿҲá
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42

ڹ˸ſڵĹٲһٲ´Ѧ誼ۣԷǴĹٷɫҲͺͻࡣ
Ҳֻ˸ﱻ˽ٳ֣֪ȥǽӵϢ͹ˡ
˵ҲˣҹٲѲߣߵ˴ԶƫƧͿһͣ
ǰͷĵϻһˣٲȥһ̽Ѿûˡ
ƿӣͷиСѾεڳС
ؽ磬ӽ£⻹ûأͷ˵⻹˵ã
ٲǷֳӣһӻһӼ̽顣ڳϣ˹˸ı־
ʱѾҲˣ˵Լǹ˸ѾߣŰٲϽԼ
֪֮󣬱˹˸
ԶȻƷߣǱϾڳΪٵͬţҲԵ
Ѧ˼Ҵֵһֻ̣Դ˵һ죬Ƭ̡
عٲܽС
ڰοԶ꣬˴Ҳ̫ˡѾϸѰӦúܿͻϢ
Զ깰лˣɫȴδνˡ
෴ģܰա
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뿿Ůţܹ;һѣͬʱҲܸԪǰǰ̡
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ûʵεѦүԭһĹٻӵܸ߳ࡣȻӾתˣʵ۵Ʒ
˶ڲ²⣬Ѧ誺ܿͻǾֿȵ㡣
һǰ;꣬ǹԶ껹ǾС
ԣǹԶкҲЦͷ
Ѧֻһ䣺
˭Զ;һ
ԶԹ֮ĮģѦһֱ֪ġȴû뵽ȻԼŮѾߵֶ֪
ѦǹѾߣ
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ԼһСϵһյ͵ƣԾĹâûидٹһֲֿա
˼£ԼֽŶסҲŲ
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޵ϡﻩҲŨصıôڲ
Ǵ޵ί
Ѧһ̲ˮֻһصǸҲãˡ

43

Ѧ誺ԭسԼˣһǸһŵؽ⿪Ź
⵹ùЩ˼ˡʵһʼû֡
Щ֮Ȼһ޵Ͼ˭Ҳûͱһ㴰ֽԸղŹй뷨ȴû뵽Ѧ誡
ֵܳˣͬһһͻȻǰůϣͬʱҲʹԼĸ顣
ԵԼģǿԼ̧ͷһ˫Ӹոϴͬҹϵĺһ㡣
û˵һ˫۾֮£˭ںԷǲ˵ʲôأ
һİļ¶سѦ·ʲôǣһ㣬΢΢Ĵͷȥ
ԽԽɹ񣬶˫̺ˮ۾Ҳıϡ
Ĵͬµһ꣬һ껹ҪѦ誾ԼһҲȲˣشͷȥ
ǣƫƫ˾ͻɷ羰Ҫһ¡
˴һѦ誣һҪ뱾Ϊ𣿡
Ѧ誰յͣסعȥȴҲǰѹԼ
Ȼɫ塣󻹸Ҷǿ׳İſڶס
Ѧ調ٵɨһۣɫȴʮƽ˼ֲм
ʥΨһĶӣȻĵֶζԸһǶ
ƺߣҹȷʵʮֶ
ڶҶȴסһǹƥѦ誣׵ؾöԷ˽ôѰ˹
˵֮֮߳ݣж֮׼ʵǾ޽С
ˣȻҪѡΪС
ɲ֮䣬ϻһ̵Ц˻֣Ըż
ʱŶſڵļҶͷȥһֳֹļҶ߽ųһС
ڹָ֮߸Ȼһ˲Ҫż
Ѧȵ
ɫһ漴Ȼ򣬡Ͷɣ
ǲУֻðѹԹԵذңңָѦһ⡣
֪ϳ˸֮⣬û˭ҵԡǲˡ
ǰʲô誹ӲŻǴȻʱҲͿʼϧˡ
ûжץסѦ誵䣬ͬһֻڶеС
Ѧ課ɫطתƣСֽСֻԼΪ־ñָסһůָһֱֱۣһֱܵȥ
΢΢ͷ¶˵Ц⡣
ȻЩʱˣϾʱأǹľ;ʮְȫů
ǱߣѦϲ¶ɫֻˡֻиҪ㡣
һ˹ҶԱĶȤ
СѾͷԽԽÿӻôңܹ븮Уĥ󳼷ڽ£һ;ʮִ̼
ĶĿͬˮһ㣬ƹѦ誣һֱȥƺĿĳִ͸ɪһ£ָ΢΢һ
һ˲ԼֱѦյøͬʱڳ˶΢춯ƺʲôƿշ
Ҳˣû⣬ͬʱ;Լպݺһʹ
ѽʶȥ
壬֮һʺĨָ䡣ȻǱʲôˡ
ͷȥѦɫȻȡ練ơ
λεвϧȴôϾѦ¶һ֣ʮٸڸҲġ
뷢ȻѦ誺͹㲻ҲһֿҲᱻѦɱķð
ҡΪʵΨһĶӡδĻʵۣŻżֱ̫ˡ᲻ԼΣ֮ء
תתһ˿Ц㷽˵һҪң
Ѧ誵ͷȰѹͳȥ
ҡҡѦ誵֣ҲȥһֱȻǰѷ˵ĶԻȫ˶
ˣ˽ⲻǸ֮ͽԼݣʲô
ˣѦ誳ʲôô죿
Ѧƺо˹ĽţƵסС֣ûµġ
һ룬еҡ
⵹ʵǸŮӣ뿪˫Ѧ誷Ҫչ˺ͱ
ǣ뿪ԼܻԶ޷ԭԼ
˼򵥵仰Щ⡣÷ǸһŵСŮӣѦǰȴ˹˳
˵Դκͽ֮⡣
һ죬Ҳ˺Լ˵֪һ龰
˼ˣǰһĻԵøӴĿƺѾ϶һŹˣ
û˵ѦšüӺڳģһֲɵնܣĹϵȷ
Ƭ֮󣬹Ҷţͳ
һͷؿȺţĶǵĺͲᡣֲѦ誣ǰδеļղţƾΰֻǱȥ˰ͳ
Լȴˡ
ߵʱͷһۣޱȵ۰˵ǰѦ誵˼ĻôѾȫˡ

Ҫ
Ȼȴһ-֮ء
ʧǵţǰܵĴ뵽ǰеļ̸ǾǸĲǻ
Уܾ֮֮
ҧס촽̧ͷһ·漴ĳȥ
Ѧүջͦ磬ͺ˵˼仰ҪЩϢڴʱ˰ү˹
ûѦүӦѾԲӣôֳ˹
ױ̨ǰͷĵվ⼸ߵ齱ߣһšסѦүĶ䣬ǲǱˣ
ǴӦڽ֮󣬾Բұˣ
ˣȻѦ誵ˡ
Ѧүֻöӱţۣһظģˣˣлú˵
˾ǸСһ誵ġ
ģһ˫۾ѦүƺŹκһ顣
ȻġҪȻһȥ
˹۲죬ڻǷ֣ˣһҪ˯ءԼȥɡʱʱ䣬
ѦүµشЬһش˹ˣˡ
ţ޷ǾѦ誰ˣڸѦү˰Ժȥûڣ˰˼ҹͻع˸ҲͰˡ
ϾɫһСԼȥҲȫ
Ǵúúõģϧ㲻㣬ſڣԭõĹվǰһۣҲҡҡ׹ƺһ̾Ҫεڵһ㡣
˹ôˣѦүһ
һֱѹŵĺ¿־壬ڴ˿ȫͷų۵һ޳үȾȻ誰ɣ

44

ѦԼ滻˹ֱȥ˺Ѧү
һѦ誱ʱͱɫѸټḮмҶƺƵȥ
ѦүԭùظϢģһǵظڶ档
֪δߵԶԶƼǰͷһˡ
ڷ£ݿѦȴ˭
ʱرȥסѦ˫µشû°ɣ
Ѧ誻Ŀᣬû£ġ
ѦүһƺˣǴϣһӼҶ̫ƺá
ŷӦ֪Լһʱ鼱Ȼʲô˲ˡ
ʱѾԳ΢΢ɫѦ誾ԵؿһڹϽͷҲţ¶ѩһκ󲱾
Ѧ課ٿѦү£ȥɡ
ǣһ˺ƺƵߡ
һأѦ誺͹󣬹ôġ
ʱ˽ⲻ˵»˭ܹһǱȻֻлʵһˡ
֮⣬޼ɵ
ŵʱ˶Էһ˿ݣǰҲǸԵ˾Ͳ׵ˡ
ѦȥǸΣգ
ǳϣѦ誾Ȼȫˡϸˣϲûһ˿˺ۣɫƣҲûԵġ
Ӧûܵĥ
ѦתͷЦ֪
ͷ
ѦһתǴδйĽҹ˾ţúúðοһҲܸࡣ
գգ۾ԼôҲ˾ŵˡ
˿Щƣ-ģϾһҹδ˯
·ǿ뷨һ㣬Ѧдʣҵľϣǿġ
Ҫ￴ѿڶ˲;òԡ
ȻѦһּƵóѵı˵סҵܷ֡
Ӻܸߣֻļ򡣷˲ţʲôʱعͷĿרעؿеһѹ
֪ôģ˴ıӡԼʱ򣬴ԼҲıգ
֪һ촽Ҳ֪˵ʲô㴹ͷˡ
Ѧүأ㲻͹˹ȥ˼Ҷʮֹģҵʱ޳ˡ
ѦһĿ׷ǸСӰƺŵĻʮ־ִ٣ߵʱЩŲȵġ
Ѧ誴ǺЦСѾͷʱ¶һŤôΣŤˡ
ƺþȫܣ峿ԣ紵ϣûȥӷˡ
ÿҲ֪Լһ͸ǰ϶ҪЦԼ뵽ɣͷһģͬʱҲеһΡ
ץ֮ǰɱļҶΣҲ֪ûСԼڵѦ誣Ǻɡ
ӿŲص˸ſڣۼؿˣˣˡһ̵ܻظȥ
ȻȴԸǹ֪һҹδԼӦȥкһ
Զվ糾͵ܽɫЩƣȫò˺ۣͷҲֻһЩңûʲôܵʲôĥ
Ůˣ۸׵ġϺ˵΢Ц
ղŽʱ۲һ¹Զı飬ȷʵе֮ɫֻǵġӴʧҲԶҲܵʲôӰ졣
ˣ͸ӸеһֱĮĸףʵҪҲա
Զͺãͺá
һֱԱߵĳȴڣʧһҹ֪ȥʲôˣʲôĥûУ
ԭһĹĵĻǴӱ˵˵Ҫжһ¡ǣƫƫ˵⻰ǳϣǺЦǣֻʵڽ˸ж
ˣһ١
̧ͷüԭĸ׶˹ģ֪ҹ˭ȥأ
ɫһʱƿԡôأͲùӴʧء
Ȼ⻰ȴö֮˵ȻţԶԹҲôġ
ˣԶЩͷؿڣҲˣȻطϢȥɡ
ҲǳǱס𣬺µصÿû£Ϸһҹû˯
ǹȥ˴ãŹϷ˵һ
Զ֮Ρ֮װģЩܳܡ
ϷḧԴܿˡ
Ҳֹס֮ͬ󱬷ɽһ㣬к
˽Ϸ˻ĸĸ
ϷҲۿ૵ĸ֪֪
ȻΪ˱ģֻǰҹ赭д˵ˣԹճ
ǹϷôףһСﵱֱ°ߣ˺úõػˣеľ塢ôһ仰˵ġ
§סůᶨҪúõģԺ󶼻õġ
һһͷһźĳҲʪ۾
ȰסˣźϷţŻصԼԺ
վԺſڵһ̣ͱ˹ȥ
ϾҹŸձ˴Ӻ󲱾ϴһ£ûܼһģۿҪˤڵء
ҿ߼סˣһˡ΢ͳƺһְĵ
ȴ˲޳ūΪҲˡ
ĺ󱳰ˣûˡ
ҲȰסɣܵùЪϢһ¡
ǿסԼӣŹ˷šҪȥˮϴ
Ȱס⻹أűˡȥ
ʱæµһУͻȻһȵĸж
ϱϾĹˣ
ĸɡ裬Ǹˡ
˼ͣĳϣ־һ׷ۣ˼סˣҲӲ
Ҳӿ
˿˿ģһЩûʧ
Ѧ誵ʱӦأҲ
˵̸
Ѧ誵ĶѦүߵ˼ҹǸ֮ˣҵ۹Ȼ
Ѧ誡
òԼİɣ
ϲɫѦүҲʵڲķֻ˵ģͬ˵Ķӻš
ʲôѦү
飬֪ش֮Ʊػ㾡ȫ飬ǲ鵽Ѧϣ롣
Ϊ˾ȹѦүšüʵƲ°ߣѦ誵ǹƥȥˣѦ誱
ûеѦү˵ѦԼˡһʲô˽
ڿ⽻֮Ϣ
һϢҲһܡ
Ѧ誣е˹֮ӣҲǵʵ۵ĳӡ
Ѧүʮ꣬õѾĴڡѦ誸ҲΪԷԼӡ
ڻʼҡҲֻһΰˡ
ȴѹסˡ

45

˵ڶգѦȻµصеֵ·ҹʲôûз
ʵȴط쳣ѯʵҹû˯ðɣ
Ѧ誾кã۾ŵ࣬ΪƤеİ𪣬Ϊԡ
Ѧ誹ֵػϣҹ˷磬Ժˡ
һõģ˵ԵʮȻ
Ҫע⡣ʵ۶
ĵ̬ȣǽһźЩ֡īĿյ͵ۿһۡ
һ֮£ڵЩϤƺһˡ
ɲ֮䣬ʮǰǰͷӹλزһֱʵۺ
ϲѵҲû˯ã
̫ǲ˯õģǶҹޣ컹δҪȻ˯ġ
ϲźʵ۶꣬Ѱ˴ܹܵλãҲڹԼĲҵ
ңʵͣ׼ÿߣǲϢ
ԣϲ˻ʵʣæлūһʱˡ
ŶʲôʵõۣҲЩˡɴͺϲҳֻϢˡ
ϲؿѦһۣĵû˵ʵūţվٽˡ
ʵǺε֮ˣȻϲ쳣ԶԷǴδйɵģԲ׷
ЦЦˣҲͲˡ
ؾͳһˣôٴ졣
ϲȻӦһ˹ԸС̫ȥﴫּᡣ
Ƭ̻Ѧ誴һ¡ϲ̲ס˿
ϲźڻʵ߶꣬ʵǾ޽Сǵ䣬Ѧ뿪ʹʵ۾˳
ϲЩֹ
ʵЦʱͬҵ޻̸ʹˣȻװˣ˵⻰ʱûáޡԳơҡ
ڻʵǵ͵ӵʱϲźߣȻͬǴʱʵ⻰ǸжѣۿЩɬ
عڵϣūţѦүҵĹӺһˡ
һˣʵšü˭
ֱƺĪĹϵϲҲ֣¡
ϲţǶԻʵ۵ռϷ磬
Ϊʵ۵ķԸʹ֮УѾûˡǲ̫ڲС
ʱϲͻȻ˵һشȻʵС˵ˣͰ͵˵ã
ϲ˵ͷ
ʵۺͬ꣬ӦǶΪϤˡȻǰĳӲãסĹ¹ʧ˻ƫƫջȶ˾ƣòʡ¡
ȵڶֻһƬһһС˵ʬ塣յĽڣò治ˡ
ǣʱʵ۾;ǶȻĶӡ
ô꣬ÿһĻ;ʹʣҲʮֿ϶ĸѾڴɥȪ
Ϊ̫ģǳϣû룬ҲûзѦòˡ
ϲͬȻǻʵ̣Ǻûô׽һֱȽϿɹ۵̬ȿ顣
ˡ
ŵĻǲԸ˵ģǻʵ̫񣬷쳣ǴġֻðԼĲ²г
ʵ⻰ϸѦ誵òԽԽϲ˵еѦ誵üë߰˷
ʱ򣬻ʵ۲û뵽Ѧ誺ԼʲôϵΪԷֻǸˡֻôһͷͶѦ誸ӹע
ǣѦÿյֵй˸ЩĺͲˮǶһݵġñͬĽѡ
Ǻˡ
˵һգ͵˹úͳ˼Ĵ֮ڡ
һһģױʱ򣬶һϲǰȫ̾ѣǵóԸˡ
Ҳ⻰ûԵ˼ǳй;öԷ϶Ϊ˽¶ڳĸŮ
ǣϾЩÿʱȻЩܡ
ȫҲǹٻ³ôῴü۸ߵͣﲻЦֻϲԡҲ˽ﰵ¾ģ͹˸ĽҲǽһˡ
ˣŻã˭֪ȴǸ಻ġ
õϲˡȫ˲ݵʱ򣬹߽Цеؿױ̨ǰĹá
һֻǰһ
˵ýӣֿþ˼ˣȻӦġǵһ֣þҰݼĵʱȵʣ¡
ңҲ֪ǲǹģվȻҲһȹһͷڷɵ˷٣¶޳һβ
òƺЩ
˵ǰĹǽδģʱĹʢŵĵ޷ƿ۾
ȻҲǿˣɫһ䣬ôˣ
֮ضᷳ
ǰصķǣԼױĹǣ⻰ʱĹÿɲӣѵǰװģĿ
һãæڴԲöǲ̫᲻ˡЩã
⻰žЩ˵ȫĬĬһɹ⻰˭أ
ҶϹӣղŹһϲʤģʱýţ
ʲô᲻ô㣬˿λ˼ҵĶǰͲԼĽԶҪְɣ
οķǴԼҽġ
ҶھǣҲͬΪٵģ˭ɶ²֪ѽңǰӹúͳ̼ҹ˽¶ֵ÷з
Ҫ޹ȥˣװʲô¶ûз
Ȼǽ˵ı鿴΢΢һЦóľͷڹǰ
ǽױÿЩ򿪿ϲϲ
òŮ˵ʮֽ·һڴڴԼô
ĺܷһҲ򿪣ҲҪױʵϣھͰⶫӴӳȥ
Ͽãæ߹סã쿴ʲô
Ҫлл㡣
Ͼںլ꣬ͺأѾʱп͸ĶԹõĲȻ߽˳ؼ޵̸Ǽ˸ֻʮֵת䣬ǴӴ˾Ͳˡ
ȻŽʣδⲻ˺Щ˹ϡԣ˿̹ñҪֵô󷽵壬͸ͬĽ
ÿĸ׳ϵ˼ֻ֮ôľͷӣֻһֻһں
ǹº͵Ļãǽ㼰ǵʱ͸ģǵʱþͼΪϲӣΪ˻ִС
һ룬ʱٲ¡˿̶þҪ˸ӾɣҲǽһ֡
˵⻰ʱ϶Ц⣬·ľõʱΪִǺܵһ£ڳ˶˾
ﰵ̾˸ĶδҲ̫ˣȻΪһӾͰѽºС
ϱɫݺݵصŹȴôҲÿڡֻҪһڣ۸ɡ
ȴȻûô࣬ڵվЦôӶ𣿡
ԸҪᣬ⻰һϾĵá
ö˵
ȴһЦݣ˵ûȷʵᡣ

46

Լᣬڳ˴һȴɫǿЦ߻Цģɱôҵ档
һ˵ţһž֮⿴˹
ŵ̾һҺͶõǲȵġÿ£ҵֻж
ֻжڳķ˹һȣӣ˵ġ
ǸͶȥмһۣͷȷʵˡԣȻͱȽˡǺǡ
˵⻰ʱЦŵģڳλ˹Ǿκ˰˼ﲻڣĸװٺãҲվԭĺӡ
ӲƵģ֣µضԹõãĪҪҡǮͻһµˡ
ϾǸҵģ᲻øȥء
һԸ׵֮飬Ƚ϶ԷŹÿֱĵ飬ԵЩ֪ߵغˡ
˵ŹûΪ˼ԼɵĻһ仰ͱˡڹг˲ٱ񣬽ֱߵң޿̡
οһصġܹڵķߺޣزڹУ˼ƺԹδˡ
һʱ֮䣬³ɺһӿͷҲ̲ס⼸ߵǰֱۿžҪڹϡ
ͷһأɵһ㡣ȥղסǡþʹվڹһλϡ
ֻѽһУǹòŵŹããʲô
ʵΪľԶһЩָֻɨ˶Էգδյʲôˡֻͻıǹﾪһˡ
ҲһæǸҲǹġ
ʱһλ˼ʲô˼ǺǰСŮҲױ󸮾ô͵𣿡
Ƿű꼰Ĺĸף⻰˵ʮֲæЦطˣһᣬᣡ
ĸŮʷŮǹ˸ܹǵġ
طȴȻӣԼŮתߣߵſ˷ˣ˶ӴԺҾͲˡ
˵գﳤȥ
գգ۾ĵλط˵ǸˣȻǳԼŮ
ھǲһ
Ҳ˵ңʵѾһʮεաӹڲСĴʷİŮع֮󣬷·ͻȻһʮãľء
ϺݺݵһѣòŻعĸףҲǹġ
ˣ˵ˡüͷԼŮЩɸ֡
⹦ղŸﲻطˡعúýͣҽĴϲӣȴһ㲻֪ͣ仰ͼñףʵЩáҲ֪Ժȥ˳̼ңܹܲúá
Ͼã֮һ͵飬ʵںԼѲ˸ϵҲǴС̫谮ˡ
۹ЩǺǰȫͬһ޴ɳΪĻӡ
뵽ϲתͷȥɫƺ΢΢Ц⣬һֲ´ӡ
·Ǹܵ˳ϵעӣ΢΢һЦױȻѾ͵ҾͲˡǰףðúϡ
˵գת֮ƮɣǸ޵ĹѾʩʩȻ뿪·𷽲ŽһشˮĲ
һǿЦЦڳ˵λȥԲ裬ЪһЪɡ
˼ȷʵΣλ˹￴Ҳòˣ㲻ǿȥ档
гź⣬ʣ³ĸŮȫˡ
ߺԵɫáլŮ˫ȫԾŮ޶ͷ
ŵ˵ЩĻûһ٣Ҳмʮǽεһ
ǳϻǽӹãСһǸղ뿪Ĺ˼ҴˬúãǸġ
ȫ˵ͷҲˣҾȳȥˡ
ҪϾȫӦһֱ¼Ĺ뷿еġǣȻһ仰˵к֮󣬱̧ˡ
Ϻ͹ߺǲ⣬ĸףЩô
ݺݵص˹һۣϽɺøͷһθˡ
˵뿪ֻ֮ãŲߵſڣ˴ѾΧˣΧſֵġſŵƽʣһϲ졣
ԪҲУССĸӣ˼ţֻվȺ֮⡣ŹԪɾüͷ
ҵˣǻˣ
Сһﻹͦǳ𣬹ߵǰЦ˵ɲҸߵġǴ˹˸ĹأԲűϳȥġ
ƭˣ㵱ڶͲˡ
Ԫ˵һĻڹϣʱҲΪڹԶǰʾԪɵǺ߲ԩϾնԪߣȴѹ˼ҵСүһŰˡ
ȴû뵽Сһһֱǵڡ
룬ϸһ룬û£ֺαأ
û£ֺαذϳȥأ
ԪСüͷù˵Ļ·мֵȴϡǿذСһ𣬡㲻Ǻˣҽ˵ġ
⻰ţںͳĸŮĹϵѾ޷޸˻Ԫǰ˵ĻһҲ֡
ڹ˼ҴΨһĵӣȴһǷǵˡǵʲôˣ㲻ֻ˵ԼĿ
˼Һͳ̼ҵϲ´糿һֱֵϣֻǿʼƬ̣Ԫ˵һ֮󣬾ͻصԼԺӡ
ʱˣ϶һľӡ
ЦŶԹ˵Ϸ˵Ӹ˶ͷԸū˽ľߵһڣ˵ǲġ򿪿ϲϲ
һ㶣û뵽ĸϷôϾ֧һǹԶ͵ģͲҪղǼٽͳȥˡ
ϷôȴЩϲ⡣
Цеó£ðɵ˲ˣЪһЪ
ԼŽҿ˺ӣʱֻһ⻪Ŀͷŵһ֧Ρ
˵һΣǴ죬ȻӲӵԵ֧ȴǲͬ
һԺһһСͷϣһԺӾ͸΢΢
˵ģ⾫ɵգ¶Ѱ
̫ˡ̾ĸŰɡ
ַ²վϷûжŮСҲ䲻ȡΨйһˣĶϷ˺á
ʱûˣϳֵĻҲ˵ʮֱס
ȴһԺ󣬶ڹ˸ʵδĵġ
Ͼǰ̫ңûһġ
ȻЩһһЩ飬ãϷԼǽأҲ͸˼ģȻ˵ûһǲܵġ

47

Ϸɳָһ֧ΣúЩ֮
Ǽܲסʮּ֣ƴ˼Ҳˡ
ðɰЩһ֣ԳֵЩÿ˻øĸһ
һС֣ǸСӵġ
ֵСӽ꣬ǺóԵĵ͡
ʮ־ϲ˵ж󣬱ϾȻһ򣬵ȥŶҲ򲻵
Ҫһ⣬ʵ˸ж
ִʱ̵ףΪʲôС֮ӱϷ˵ۡ
Ǹлָлˡ
ֿһǺΣɺúţҹֵǮĶˡ
ɷ˶ǵǮԺЩӶǿ򵽵ġ
ҡҡͷ㿴ˣĸ֧ӲǷ
˵ӣЩͷۡϻȥѦ誣ҪöԷԼϧ겻Ͼͱ˸ٳֵȥˡ
¾ôǳˡЩѦ誶ûм档ԷҲû·æµ
˵ǵҪ棬ӵ¶ˡۿžҪأӲǮ˱ƹҲܾʹ˰æһѽ
ǣ˵ڶգؾͳšûԴϻر֮󣬹ⶫһִֵ
ҶҲ̫Զ·һҲ͵ˡ
֪Ȼո¹һѩϱظǣȥ֨֨졣
˽ϵĶ񣬡û뵽ô䡣
ɣ֪͸ô¯ġ
˵ҲˣѦݣûȥˣֶȥ
쵽ʱ򣬲ƿӣһǰһˣѩ
һɫͷϴŵķñͷסˡӣ޵ٻѦһ۾ϳ˭
ͣһ˹ע⡣תͷȥͼһߵǰ
ô䣬ʲô
գգ۾Ѧ誣
ղѦƺЩ仯ǰҲģȻǸɽıѩһ㣬һ־ǧ˼
ټȴѾͬȻ־ڳʣ֮⣬һѹ
·߹Ӧñ
˴ʱվǰԹ
ͻȻһֲʵĸоô㣿
˵ճȥѦ誵ġȴû뵽ﲻڶ
ʮ־ϲͬʱһίôЩӣǰŶûһ
·ǴĸεաǼһ㡣
ţĻʹ˴̣Ѧô˵ϳأ
Ѧһ㶣ͷȥ΢ŭüĿҲ΢΢ȴΪò̫ޣԵùˡ
һʹЦ͵Щӹ飬Բûгȥ㡣
̧ͷһۣŤŤصֲ˼㼴ңҲûռ㣡
˵գǲѦηӦԹԵתˡ
СţͷȥѦ誣վѩ°ѩʮۡòƥǶôĿĻ棬ϧȴһӹ˾ԵЩ졣
ɲȰ˵ҿǻ誹ûж⣬ôӣ
Դ֪ԼҹǱѦ誴µģ̬ȾͷһٰʮȵĴת䡣ʱĿŵѦ˵ˡ
Ҳ˵Լô¶ʵڳ֮ǰڴڽǸöã
ˣԷֶԼС´棬ԭǸø˵ءǲ֪ΪʲôŻڵð
ʱһ侲־Լƺе֣ǻͷֲ̫ܣֻӲͷƤǰ
Ѧ誳ûдȻʢϳڳԯϣѸղһĻ˸ʱԼһͷˮվǶʧЦ³ߵѦǰѵӿȥѽ
Ѧ課ˡǴʱ׷ȥһס
ʢʮӴʱľګʱҲľګʵףȱŮദľ顣
Ҫ֪ŮǿķǵˡղŹСӲһҲͺˡľƫƫֻ˼ұ˼ɵ㶵ضҲˡ
ˣⲻһѡ
ʢɤӣҵûϽ׷ȥ˵Щĺһ塣
Ѧ調һۣУ
Уʢ˵ʮֿ϶
ŸȾѦ誣ȻЩΪȻԸȥ
ǰͷĹһŲԶ䣬ƫƫϻͷǰɳ˳䣬誹׷ˡ
һ˦ӣû
Ѧ調Ц˵ĺ˵Ļͱ˶һ仰˵᲻ߣֻĬĬĸڹ
ѲԶʢ˸ĿɿڴźѦ誶꣬һֱһĸ߹ʣ˲ۣڻʵ۸ǰһֲơ
ٿʱڹ󣬹˳һֻСǻüˡ
ʵѾ˶ֵĽֿڣԹֻ˼ʮߵ˳ׯ
ΪѾУ־ʹӡ¼ǡĳˡ˼ǡڵ׽ֵҶڵͷЩһµ˼
߽ȥҲһֱѦ誡
߰̾һֻҲŽȥ
ӣЩͷۡԼǲ̫óģȻ˵Ӵӳ˹ǲóӪҲȻ
һʮͷӭ
˵ͷΣ
˿Цҡҡͷңǻһƹɣʵڲϡ
˾ѡ̵ģһӴӻΪƹЩԵáЩִһ̸ûô򵥡
ҲׯˣĿûȥ˼֮£顣
ɵؿ㵹Ǻʵҵ۹ⲻ
̾һĵʵҲѽüٵġ˵컨׹µ׽Ҳǰ׷ѡ
ʺϵˣĬĬظŽѦ誴ʱڵ
ͷһۣͷ誹ˡ
ǻڶˡ
Ѧ誺ƢضԹЦЦת˵տʼÿȥҵʱĶƹô̡
ݷ˺͹ĶԻͿԷǸʵĵġʱѵá
ĻȴôȲġ
ͬһϿӣȻϵѦ誾Ա߳ׯĻ󶫼ңǼҳׯǾõġ
ܹõƹָ㣬ı¿϶ͻͽ
ϲʤҪӦ룬ǻͷ˹һĬ
Ѧ誾Цһסߡ
º˵
ȻѦ誵ѵÿģĴסϸݵɵȦסʹҪȴҲǲܵġ

48

ѦΨ˵ɵס󣬺߱߳ׯʮѦ課ڽֽվס
˴Щ˵Ҳ㡣
ȥҪʲô
Ƥۻ࣬ѦĻʱ򣬺˼΢΢һͷЦЩδ֣
ȻǲϵġתתȻһЦ誹æµ֪ġ
˵ˣֲʲôˣֺαطǵҪң
ŭ˵Ѧ誻ʲôϾʢѹ˹ֻˡ
ǣƫƫ˿ҪЦݡ޶˵˸еһ롣
Ѧ̾һ֮ȻǲͬġΪһҹѾղ
㡣
ѦȻЩǱһɳ嶯ţѿڶ˵仰ЩһͷҲղסЩ˼һ¶ҪȴҲˡ
Դӵһڶֿ㣬Ӱһֱ֮ȥˬʣĽ¿ľһеһжҡ
Щӣһô࣬Ϊҵ˼Ѿ¶úԡ
Ѧ˵һ˫ȵ۾Ź·һֱͷȥ֮£ͨͨ÷ɿ졣˷·Ѿܲļ¶ҵصͷȥ
ͷϣǸ˵Źƻ󣬡㣬Σ
㣬ѾѦ誵ڶ˵ˡ
ƺӲƵģ˫ڹļϡ
ң
ãԼǵİɡĬĬ룬ھҪ
ǰҲó˼Ǻ֮ǰûбһ仰ҲûС
ĸҲøףøա
Ůһӣͷ·ȫгӴԺϲŭȫɲԼɲԼ
һֻ֮̿нعͷ죬ǰѡǡָ̻ȥ
΢΢˺һѿѦ誵ƣһ£һ
Ҳ̧ͷôеתҴҵԶȥ
ѦվԭأǻıӰǲ
̫ļŵ
˵ûԼλã
뵽һͷѦ誵Ȼһ¡ЦòٿȻԺлÿһ涼·ͷǰ
Σ
죬ϮУ໥
ʱΣüٵġ
ΪʲôȴϽԼأ
ֻص˳̣СƹһغͰ߶ÿʱһҪúŬȡѧɣӷ󡣡
ոնʮͷѪյ͡õĳׯƹѧϰĻᣬȻʱ޷ƽ顣
Ҳ͡ͷ㿴ʧ߽Ĺ
ôˣ
ǿѦŹȥģ뵽⼸ԼҹİҲģΪ˾ֻǳȥ˵
ȴû뵽Ƭ̹ȴһ̬
ɱȥ誹۸ˣ
ҡҡͷҲ۸ɣֻǰԼ˵˵ĻѡԼȴֻһֻţһ㣬ĬĬضԼĿ
ҳȥҲҶҳԼ˼
еĸеԼĵӺƫƫ޷ͱ𣬾ǰİҲС
̾һ˵ǻظȥɡ
Щԣɫ󣬱Ҳûжʡɲ߻˹˸
ʱѾ磬ǱʱůЩɫдãȻһ·϶δ˵
ԺӣȽ˿ַ̿Źϣӡ
ŹɫתЩѪɫϸѯʣﵽôˣ
˵ʲôأ
ѵҪ˵˵ȴˣ˵ôɻδףֶʲôŮ֮飿
磬ϾǰĽ˼
ԣֻҡͷʲôҲû˵
ҲֻգȥҪЩȺķź£ź˯
Ҳᣬ˵ʢԼҹԴӻظ֮ЩԾżüż̾ż΢Цɫ任Ҳ׽סǸ˻Ƿա
ֻʢʱѦһ̾ش
Էʲôû˵ʢҲ֪һжΪ˼ҹ
ǽӲȥ˸һˣʲôҲõ˵
Ѧ誺ȥʵֻֿмʱǹüĿЦԼǰƣԶ֮ȥ
ģ뿪ʱıӰ
Ľᣡ
ѦȫԿ϶һ㡣ԣԼ侲һ£ȥҲ١
ȻŮӵ˼ͻ֪Լ䴦ΪΪжô޴ڣѦΪԼľǳȷ
ң½ӣҲûжʱȥҹΪٽھҪˡ
ٽʵǻʵ۵֮Խ֣ҲΪżЩˡȻʵ۷Ըȥȥٽڲشٰ졣
ȻҲã̫󣬶þֻһȹԣڻʵ۲֪£ٽڵĳﱸѿʼ
ٽڵĳʳˣԱŶǴ󹤳̣Щ˾ͶࡣȻеİȫԵΪҪ
ѦΪƷǱʵεˣȻԴ
ΪһλߵƣеѾһѦΪͷ˼
һ죬Ѧ誵ְſڣվɣݿһϣͱȱ˶˼ָ߹ʡ
ôһĿ龰ǿЩȴʮִĿոսǴЦԶ;վڵĳʵڰۡ
̤ߵſڣ·ûпſڵѦһ㣬žҪ
Ѧ誹ΪȻ΢΢ͷǼȴͦñֱԵЩ
ݳͨһ
бһۣʥΨһĶӣԼĸʻͨ
Ȼ˵ΨһֵʱͻȻһ顣
ǰ͸¶֮ӻŵˡѦ˵ģôνġʵΨһĶӡݣҲǾˮ¡
ʵΪ𾪵ϢЩʮֳšԼϲ˶ˡ
ˣҲ˵ǸϢǲġģ͸ʿǶദĸ飬Ǹδֵνӿȵģ
Ϊ֮ƣöָʻĲŶԡֻҪ˸ʵ۰˵ٶһӣǶʮ˸Ҳ嶤Ĵ
ǣЩ˸Ϊʵٳĺ⣬վҪָּ⡣û뵽ȴѦڵ⡣
ǰվɡһˣڳһŭűȥÿ
ѦҲ˵ֻǰһ򵱹Ī˼
ŭ֪ߵغļһһʲôʸң
ڴʱȵɡ
ǻʵ۵ĿѦ誣ƿţ̤߽ȥ
ǻʵ³֮󣬴ʱõĴ
ʱѾǻƻʱ֣ûеƣԵЩ谵ʵ۵Щ治ƺǱˣƺź
֪Ϊʲô͸оһΣ˫ϥһڵϣͷμʡ

49

ڣʵ۾ڵϵôżޣкҪ£
֮εᷳӣΪҲľΪ
Ϊ޴ΪǣΪǣŰ衣
˵ˣеڶѡҲѻλ
ϧûУһӡĳӣǰͺһ֮С
һ죬ǡĵڶ졣
ô꣬һֱ룬ǰһٽûкǲǹ¹Ͳ
˻Ҳʱȥĸӣǵڶһѷ˵ʬʹ޵ʡ
ϧûкҩӴˣҲ
ԣ궼Ѹ̫󣬲Ҫٴ죬ֻ밲سһ档ǣûİĻڶ
ֲΪ˸һ֪ôǷǵҪȥˡ
˶Ϊʵɵˣ˭֪ʵɵġ
ô
ţ뵽˽ڣ뵽ĸӣ;ޱȳء˲ŷԸѦſڣԼжš
û뵽ôƬ̵İ˶ϸ
ТӡΪЩŵ飬Լ֪
ȻԼ鲻ѣ֪ԭиֺöԷ⣬ҪŴʱ˵
ǱЦŵʣ˸ٽڵĺ⣬ָʵּ⡣
ٽڡֵʱ򣬻ʵ۾
ٽڡ
Ϊǰ죬Ϊ£˾ĸӵĻᡣ
طˡⲻᣬʡЩӰɡʵﵭȻǲȤ
СˣῴɫҲΪʵֻǱƾһˣϾ˭Լֵأ
ʣͽɡˣõʳģõˣӺϷӡ
ŶˣĺþҲҪǰ׼
֡þơ
⼸ǡô˻ʵ۵ʹȾ£˵ĸҲ𺣡
ƫƫǰ˻ۣһҪһһ
ȥʵص
ʱҪȡأʣöһΰɣҲТ˼
Тңͱ£
֪Ϊλʵ۾ͻȻŭҪ˵ʲôѾŽ̤ߵǰһƣ泼뿪
أԼһǻ鶼ˮϣתͷһѦ誡һᷳ
ݺݵ˭Ȩҳȥ
޸ģ񣿡ʵ۵ͷͷһݣֻվѦ誻ˡ
Ƭ̺߻ؿͷʵ۵ųԽˣ½
֪ΪʲôʵÿοѦ誣ͻĪغ˵Ѧ誳
ʵۻ˻֣ƾ𣬺ܺá
ԽԽǾί˸ȥ
ʺ̷ͬԸٽڵ¶ӽЦекȥôпս
üͷֺøȥģû뵽ȴ˸ӡ
󣬱Լ¶ޱظ˻ʺ
ʺЦ㸸ʣȻԸٽˡ
С֪֪ʵ۲Ϊĸ
뵱꣬Ǹռ˻ʵ۵ģû뵽ԺҪӰĶӡ
ģ밲ʲôͰšһĸء
֪ʵ۵˼ƫƫҪÿٰ졣Σ
ԽԽ󣬿˵Ȩ㳯ҰǻʵҲҪ̼֣İţ㲻ˣΣ
Ů֮飬ȵȨ
һ㣬ʺҲЩ׵ġʱ򣬾ΪǸ˵ĳ谮Ͳŷ֣Щǹ̡
˻ʺĻ֮һЩ漴һ׮
ĸĸӵ𣿡
ʺһʲô
ٶ񶾵ˣҲǷֵ֮ġһ׮£ʺǱ
˸ߣĶû
ʺüɫͻȻЩ԰סʱΣĸӵʬǿģӦʲôʲŶԡ
˭˵ģ
룬Ѧ誵ָ˻ʺ
ѦүĶӣ˵ʲô·ءĸĶͲǸΨһĶˡ
̳дͳ֮£˵бʡ
ʺ۾һɣ죡
һ̾һõе˶뿪ŵ㲻Ҫˣô治ĻҲ˵
ʥҴﶦʢҪıλǱɱͷĴ
ȴЩΪȻĸҲ̫Сˣɶš
ʺ֪֪治֪ģ֪᲻˸ܣ
ʹȨУΪ˵λΪ֣Ϊ˼壬˭ȫԸԼʲô
˶٣ʺŷŻҪҸһѦ誡
⺢˵Ǳ軵ˣ˼ʮֵǸϢǼ٣ǵԼС
ֺͻʺ˵һǳ뿪˻ʹ
ڹſȴûзҲһ˴ӹɫſڹŵ˶ĺĹϡ
ݿƥѦ誡
Ѧ調һԼص
Ѧүأǲ˵ӡԸʢźѦϴѣˣʣ¸
Ѧүʲô򣿡Դ֪Ѧ誰֮ӻϢ͸¶Ժ;Щ
Ѧҡҡͷ
£ҵˡ
ѦүЩģ㻹ǲҪϣǾǸ֮ͽ޼ɵġ
Ϊǻʵ۵Ψһӣ͹Űˣĸ
Ѧ誵ġ
һ׽еʮȻһѦүȴЩľѦ誵£ͻȻɻѵݣ
ǣҲǡѦվѦүȲ衣
ֻϣʵܷҵݣȴԼȥᡣʼ˱Ͷɣ̫»ʵ۷ỳɡ
һˣ˳Ȼطҵݡ
ѦүȻ򣬡˵
Ѧ誵ͷ
ˣǿԼΨһӵݡȴʵ۳⣬ʵһӡ룬ô
뵽ȻǧټҵǸˣһˡԶΨһӡ
ѦҪ
誣̫ΣˣѦүȻҡͷ
Ѧ調Լʮ꣬һֱԼ۰мӵˣºͶᶨ˵ףİɣзִ硣
Ѿ⡣
ѦүŨҶüۣԽԽҲ-ǿһ¾ͷţҲ
Ҳ֪Ŀǰõġ¶ݵİ취ˡ
ǣѦи̣кĿȥȪ֮µأ
Ѧү뿪ӵʱɫȻƺͻȻʮꡣ

50

ڼ޸˳˼ǰǰ˼ꡣԼ̫ˣһԹŮȻȫǡ
ֻǲ֪úͳ˼˽˻ãǻлǻʹޣ»дȶˡ
ȴԿ϶ڹӦǻϲġ
գѾ׼õĻ
ǳϻǹԶ꣬ȻŻ಻⣬ǱϾľѳۣҲֻܽܡ˶Թöĵ۰ҲܿŮŮظȴ
죬ͿŸɫϺʳˮƵͷͣ·ҪǮƵġ
ڵ˻һ죬ȥԺϷ밲ڴϲ
ٽأԽˡ
ԭЩ䣬վ͸ӲȥȰǶĻţﻹҪϯһµİɣ
˸ñӰͷȥҪ˯
ͳĸŮ˺˴˶֪ԷԼֺαشװһأ
Ȼֻԭ֮һȻиεԭ
ΪѦ誣
ԴϴѩһǸ˾ȻҲûг֡չȥˣʢû
һʱѦʵ̫ľګȻ²Լ뷨һʱ룬Լǲ̫֡ԭӦøġ
ţȻԺ˯˹ȥ
֪˶ãͷһһŮӵΪڼԵΪ
ҽջţܶʲô˼𣿡
ǹá
̾һԼĶǣ⣬ΪʲôЩ˾ҪƱˣƽƽعӣ˵һرѵ顣
λáǰֹеʱ򣬹ʱְ취ĥǰų޴ÿÿ۸ԺǼͣαװҲûùռ˱ȥ
ԷѾԸԳس˳˼ķˣҲ֪ôĻ
⣬ɺͼѾ߶Ŷ룬ڴϣʱһ
⼸嵽ǰıӣʲô˼
Ҳ㲻ˣɴһµŹõ˯ȥ
Ӧףڹֲõġǽ죬һӵҪҹһܲźá
˶ΪԸԳ޸˼Ȼ޺˯֪»֮ҹʼ˼ЩĲɡ
ʱ򣬷·͸űˡ
ż̾βסźͰˡ
ûʣף˼ǻŹء
˵Ҳ֣ڹͳ˼лԼʱԹõʾ߲ܡȢ˹ãֶ뿴Źˡ
Щصġ˵飬ڹ˺ü졣ڵȵ˻ţî˾ϯϸѿ
˭֪Ȼûг֡
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ðԹؿһۣǿЦǣǺܺáĸײõġ
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51

˼͹뿪ʱɫӻ谵ˡ˸Ĵſڵյ´¿ԿӰ
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ĩֳЦϧ˼Ҹ㲻мһˣûг֡
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ʲôóʹС
δͱ˼һסͣߵȵʵ㣬ȥʰ㣡
ߴﹾϺ񿴳ʲôתͷʹԶ꣬үүƺö˳
ԶҲˣҡҡͷ˳ˡ
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ԶΪǹ뷿СҲûж롣
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52

Ѧ뿪Ժ󣬹˯ȫޡ뷽˿;һһƻա
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53

ʱڲ¥¥ż֮УһЦ
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ѦԴģа취

54

Ѧ誰ѹͻع˸ʱ򣬾ﻹһƬž˲ûڳѰѦ誣ɴ˿ɼԷ˲ᡣ
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ŵʶģ˲ɻ󣺡ѦǰյֵҪ
Ѧ誹Ϊ񣬡ǣ
Ȼ˵ˣǹеȦ֪ǰԺգǼΪûʵεġ˵һĳ־ͳ졣
ŵҵҲûлɣЦŻ񣬡ѦϽȥɣĪñ¾õˡ
Ѧ誵лʵ޵¡
ֹСʱһƬ΢⽫شһµ糿ϲӹҪȥʵ޹źԶƼһ˹޵ſڡ
˼ֱͦӺ濴һˡűӰЩϤ
ϲ߼ǰòȻѦôˣ
Ѧתͷϲкҷ˴ڴʵ𷣡
ɫƽȴΪò̫޷ԣϲƵüۣһ仰ѿڶūȥϡ
ǾͶлˡѦ˵ֿ
һůɰͷ
Լ˳࣬ҲЩưɡδһˣǰϲԼһˡ
ǣأϲľƫ
ϧ˲ڶǰǳСӶˡ
ϲֻۿɬ첽޵ȥ
ʵ۸ոڱС̫źŴѡϲصս硣
ϲʹˣʵ׼סڹ⡣ʱҲûй涨ϲԼš
Ķһ̫˵ѾǶˡ
ϲȥӹС̫ʪӸʵ۾棬һЦŵˣ˯ˡڼҲ£ź¡
ʵΪȻҲˣ˯š
һ̾գ֮䣬Ƕˡ
ʵľԼˣҹҹεǸĻӡ
ЦһƣǵĻʶ˭
Ȼġôʶ¾ܿüۼΪˡԺǸɶõӡ
ǣĸǳ֮С
ʵҲɹ˹ݻ𣬿ôһֱûвκϢ
ϲʵɫ󣬾֪Էĸˡ
⵹Ǹᡣ
ϲô꣬ūҲۿţ˭ûѦڻʵźȻ׺߶ľ˼
꣬󹬽λݵӣòмơ
ʵۻһѦ誵ӣͷ˵ûӢ
Ͼжһһжɣʵ۾òѦүĺӡ
˼ҵһ룬Ҳˡ
ϲⰴԼԤת΢΢̽ŵѦ͹ڵءҪҪһ
Ѧүһ֪Ѧ誰˵ģվǰ̣ЩԼĶ䡣
᲻ŪˣȻѦ誵ףСѺ󣬶ʮ˽ġ
Ѧ¹Ǹ²˺ˡѾԸԳڻʵ˴һǳıԼݡ
ؼʱ̣ϲ֮١
֪Ѧү͵ʵ۵Ĺϵ׽⻰ҲգѦڻڻʵ۸ǰأǱүȥ
ˡ
Ѧү˵ͷʮһѦ誹ţҲ˲ö룬һҲͣؽ˹
ѦүԼһˡ
Ѧ誺֮⣬ʺ̫ʦҲˡ
̫ʦǻʺĸףڳ֮Ͽν˵һעѦүúöӣ
Ѧүˣϻû˵ʲô͸Ƕһ
ǣѦүƤûһ£ؾعڵϸ
μϣꡣ
ʵۺ⡣ǷСǸ˽β𱰣ڵʱѦүֵʮ־ηʵ۵ġ
ǣʵ۵ؿ̫ʦһۣתͷѦүº͵ƽɡ
ǡѦүվſѦ誣ѽ˵ִ
ʺһѦүĪǶ⣿Ѧ誴Ҷ
ָָϵ㿴ˡ
ԭ˻ʺ֮⣬ڻʵǰûȨµġˣʺ۶ӵý˻ʵ۵Ķ䣬ϡ
˵ţѦүţƸҲˡ
νô
Ѧүߵǰϸϸ˰죬ֻͷϿסŲء
ˣһͺˡѦүν˵
Ƚ˶ĹѦүԴ̬ȵġһǲΪˣ֪Ѧǻʵ۵ĶӣνĻʵ۶ӲǾˮ¶ѡ
ر˲֪ʵۻˣѦүཻ֪꣬ԼСֱˬڳ˾Ͳһˡ
̫ʦɫףҪȥѦүۡʺһֹˣüүѦ·ϣغүҲ֪ʲôɣ
ǻӣѦ誴أ·ϡЩ˵˵Ѧû˵ġ
ȻѦͨ˵Ļ
ʵϣѦ誵ݱҪЩ·ϡ⻰˵
ѦүͷѯѦ誣ضҡҡͷȻǻûеʱ
еѰˡѦүЩԹѦ誵ĳ嶯Ȼʱδֺα
ȴѦ誵£֣ԭġ
Ŷ˵Ƚϻʺ̫ʦܻʵ۾Ե̫ЩΪǸʲôɫúܡ
ѦȻΪǰʱж̣ȴǸ׵ĺӡ
ԣ¿϶ʲôѦ調ȥŶֵġ
ȻѦ誵һŮƭ¥ǿ֮ദϹȥʱҪǿŮӡ
ΪǱ׿⣬Ȼܿ鷢ˣŶ֡
Ȼ֪ǻ׹ݣֻһչ𷣡
λѦ˵
ʺȴһʲô˼
ڴֻһӷͬ
ˣǾ˷ףƷвˡҲҪʵ
ʵ۰˰ֹ֣˻ʺʣº͵ص誣öԣûʲôġ
ʵ۵Ļ̫ʦͻʺһʵʲôʱѦ׺ˣʺ󣬲ϸѦ調ȥ
أɫԽԽףձޱȲ԰ס
Ѧ誣һˡ

55

Ѧ課¥ڶִ󱻻ʵҹѦүȻǷǳ⣬ϵЦնղסؿ̫ʦһۣ䲻ȵصôλȨأҲúúýѽ
˵գѦʩʩȻˡ
ʺʧǵظ̫ʦ󣬻صС̧̫ţһġ
̫ʦЩɸ֡
ղưˣôһ仰˵ģ̫ʦڼ˵һҲʮ־游˵ʱԴǳԴһ˿ӵġ
ʮίԴڲ¥ĪıѦһˤǽϣ书ǿη֮ġ
ղѦ޵ĵذˡ޲һšԼĴڸвźá
棬ûѦɷģ
˰죬Ҳû˵ʲô
̫ʦɸֵָָһүʵΨһĶӣһӵֵز
ҲĵǻǲҲҪŴ󳼵ɫ£
̫ʦԼңָأϧ⺢˵СųǷǽ
ص˵ңǲҲûֻع𣿡
游ĸ󣬶û˵Ѧүӡĸ͸ľһ㣬㶵ţҲһԡ
̫ʦҲЩƣͷŮҲǣôΪԼӳأ
ټĹ֮ڣֻˣ̫ʦ˵ҲͱȽϲ档
ȴûʺĻش̫ʦôˣ
һ˺ü䣬ʺ³һת̫ʦףûз֣Ѧ誳һˣ
̫ʦһ㶣漴ϸѦ誵ò
üۣǱǡ
̫ʦѿڶ
ʺȻͷƺһ㣬ú񡣡
۾״룬˭
̫ʦƬ̣ɫף˼ϡ
Ů˵ûѦ誵۾ȷʵһˣǸ˾ǻʵۡ
ʵ۵۾ķۣҲ̳һ㡣Ѧ誣͸ˡ
һˣ۾ʵۣô˵ݼ֮
̫ʦ૵ǲѽĸѾڶǰǳ𱻻ˡôأ
ʺף֮ûȫ϶ġ
ֻǿ߽ڵʬ壬˵òǱ˶棬Ҳǲܡ
̫ʦȻЩ˼Ů˵ĿԲǲڡ룬Щˣ㶼ɾ𣿡
ʺͷȻ
¹ĴȻƽ׾ģͰźã޵ڵ㡣ԣڴʱĸӲС
̫๬ŮǱΣǱһûд
һ㶶㶵ģˣĸ棬ô˵ѦпܾĶӣ
ʱδ֪ϸڡЩĸҲֻһΣ˵ĸ𺣣Ǹӿ϶ؾС
ʺصص˵ͷ˿ȷʵܡ
תתҲ˲ʹڵվĸѦ課ˣ
ղŵĲ²ǶԵģѦ誾ǻ·ϵһ谭һ죬ϻѦ誣ﻹ׶֮أ
²ǴģôŪѦ誣ͿԱ챻֮𡣶ңҲ˸ˡ
һ뵽Ǹ˫ĹһҪԼ;ЩȲ
ֳԣˣӦô
չܵղͬԺѦүȴǵġ
ǰɫĮѦ誣Щƣ⺢ô˳嶯ºˣһʱǲŹġ
Ѧү֪Ѧ誵ݣվһջλεغΪУȻΪʱ硣ѦԼҲ˵ˣǮƻû׼á
ǰԼΣյУ
㳤ˣԽ⣬ʲôԭѦүרĵѦ誣˵˵ţ뵽ˣҲܿ죬ǰΪĵĺӣҪΪ˵Ķˡ
Ҳÿճǰȵؽסˡ
Ѧүһ뵽ʹһԵɬ۰˶ĺӰܿҪˡ
᲻ã᲻ð
ѦүһᣬҪ±Ѧ調æתȥ
Ѧ誻ǿˡ
վߵѦүǰվڣڶס
Ժ󣬼˽£Ҳƺס
һͳĻһѦүŵؿѦ誣誣˵ʲô
Ѧ΢Ц˵˵Զҵĸס
ѦүһֱãΪһˣǺܶһ¡Ƕ΢Щ͵˵
ȻѦĿеվǰ֣µض˵Զҵĸסʱˡ
ǹ̵Ķ˼ӴۿѦүĨһѣվʹһѦ誵ļ򣬡ΪҵĶӣ
쳤ЦЦǵ⡣
ôõĶӣҲڶԵȪ֮µˡ
ֹ꣬еʱͻʵ۾ͬʱ˳ȫǡ
ʵ۵ǻ˹Ϊ˳ں󹬵
ʵȴܸʺ֡ʱѦүȥۺᣬȴЦŵġ
˵ֻҪܺͻһʲôģƽϡ
Ѧүֻף
˶ӣʵ۷ǳ۰֮Ϊ̫ӡ֪ڻʵĵҹסĹ¹ʧ˻
Ѧүճ磬ظ֪֮Ϊʲô˯رڶԼҺԺһŹŮǹŮﱧһӡ
ʱѾһϢ˵⺢Ӿ֮ӡʵ۵ĳӡ
ѸٰٺˣȥʹʱֻһƬͱյýڵʬ塣
һߣġ
һߣȴ֪Ǵӵġ
ʹֻܿţصеһ¾ǰѹŮͻȥ˽ϣװԼɵҡ
ǸӣȡѦڣֻ誡
ÿ궼ڽլ£Ѧһһ㳤󣬿һ¶ͯɳΪһ˫ȫ
ԽԽѦү·ҲֲԼź
Ѧ調鼤ѦүӿһСʱ֪ԼѦүӡ
ԷԼ񣬺͸һˡ
ߵģΪǸŮӣǰһޱȵĹⲻһĸӦöԴӵ̬ȡ
ʮһ꣬Ѧү˵ǻӣõŮӡ
ʱѦ誾֪ˣԼǱˡߵνŮ
ǹŮ˵Ϊ˾ȻӣҲߣ˵ע⡣
ǸӡȴʤƸӵҹ̸ЩԵ뷨˵˸װס
˵ڶ죬˶źȦȴڡ

56

Ѧү֪ѦΪ˹Ŵ΢ЦǿˡԼİ˾ӦˣƴҲҪúñ
ʮźûб
ѦЦ
Ѧү֪üӵŹ¶۾Ͳǿô˰ɣ
Ѧ誶ʱ͸еһе˼˵һղǰ̫šֵԼϣž⻰ݵʮд
ӶҪ̼ͷ
ǣҴҳ԰緹Ѧ誱˸
ʱڷﵣءҹѦ誺ֿʱȻ֤Σգǹȴ֪Ҫһ׵顣
˵ҪǣѦү
ʱžԼˡӦ嶯ڻûȫ˵ʱŪͶԷͬھ
ǰȫˣѦô죿
ȥʱѦˡ
룬룡һطԸˡ
תҪ뿪ֱסԼȥſڼ
Ѧ誾Լڹ˸ſڵƬ̣һɫӰֱֱܳ˫ȥӡ
ȴۿҪеʱͣסˡ
Ǹ˶˫ؿѦ誣û¡
û£̫ˣ
ƺЩޣȦˣȴƴסˡֻչ¶һЦݣã
Ѧ誾ţÿЦˡ
أҲЦǣû£ҺúõġĪˡ
ӲҪ˵ﲻ̫Ļܾ˫֮ЩģܹһܻһЩ
ͷתתǱѹȥ
ǴģʲôһẦߣִ٣ִ١
ȻڵѦ誻޷ԤϣԺĳһ죬˶ʱ򣬹ĻҪִ٣ʱȴǵۡ
֪Ѧ誴ʱӵģǽǣʵ㾿ģ
رܳôĿûжοһ̵ĸ׺Ͳ游
Ѧ誵Цơ
˵˵
ȻٸʵסʵЩѦ誣¶ԷֻΪģ˸
Ѧȴ̸ֻܶ۾ңڵˣ㻹Һ𣿡
ԭʡ㻹𣿡
ͻȻ뵽ƺһֱڿܿ仰ǻߣ͸˿ڡ
Ҳ˸ͷһ䣺˭
ᣬ̬ߣ˵˱Ȼ
ѦЦЦˣҵȥﵱֵˡúõġ
һ̧ͷЩؿѦ誡
˿ڶ󣬡ˣˡ뿪ˡ
һֱѦ誵ıӰƲˣŻص˸С
ԼҹſɵĺΣü۽֮ضزסĻϲչȥʵǻ誹Ӻ˵ʲô
ϲ̵ӣ
ûС˵Żȴһ˦ӣȥݡ
ת֮䣬͵ٽһ졣
ʵʮֲԸرϯϣʺЦеָָǰͷķʳͲԶˣЩ׼ġ˵Т˳µġ
ʵۿ˿ֵùֵĳ棬΢ɼüͷ漴չվڻʺߵͷˡ
⻰ȻĵشͷǫҲûʲôϲͺá
ʵ۳˳ǡ
ϲܲϲ
Ѿȷʾٰˣֻ밲سһ档ôЩ˾ʹӲ˽ĵ뷨أ
˵ʵҲһ¶
˯Ҳˣµߵ˴ΪõţһЩϲİš
̫ˡ
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ϧ˲ڣǵĺҲˡ
ǵϣԼôƣжð
ʵ۱˱۾ֻĳ۵ƫƫ˾ôۣһƣҡҡλε߹һ޽
ʵᷳؿ˿ЩٿｻϯͻȻЩƣۡܵؽӹеľƱǳǳһڣϡ
ˣȥɡ
ȥϽȥﰭۡ
ȴûôôԼĸѡΪ൱ȻǶԼνġ
ֺ˾ƣһֱԻʵ۵η壬Ҳžɢȥצ۹ʴͶʲô
ʵʮᷳòԶѦ誽ǰ޻޹
ѦĿⴹţڵͻʺһۣŻʵˡ
Щأʻʺ󣬡ĸ󣬸ôˣ
ʺЦһôˣȻʲôˡ
ʵѦ޵ߣʱѾ£ಣ˾ס򺮲ⱾΪʵ۲ٰٽڣƻͨĻʹ֮ڣֻޱȹ¶
˼仨ŽأϵǸվǲˡ
龰֮£ʵͻȻһߡڣޱߵļȣ޴һȻʿصĻӣΪӣҲǿһƬ̫ƽʢڽɽ𢣬
⻰ţѦ֪ǰԴӵǻԺ龫ǣиŬҴӰٷϴ˻Ի͡
ţѦ誵
ʵԳЦЦһ£ԶԭԼ
Ѧ誳ĬƬ̣ʵ˵ĿСǼ£
ǽҹ龰˻ʵʹڵĻ䣬һȻûлɣѦΪһӲµԼ˼
ʱ˿̣ʵֻôһˣԼ˵˵ҲǺõġ˵ͷ˵òٽڣ޺˾ƣ²ʡڶ죬İŮ˺۰Ļ˫˫𺣡
ѹֵԵʹࡣѦ˫ֽճȭͷȴûг
ֻʵۼģֻбǵʬĬ޶ܿޣΪкţ̫ţ￴š
Ϊʹ಻ǶȻҪһְϡûбĸӣѾԲˡ󻹲׵
ôأѦ誵
ʵ۴ʱܹϸϣѦɤеʹࡣԼʹ֮УϾ˼
ʵ۳һЦҲ֪ЦԼЦ˭޻ÿհʱϳ֮ϣȴǻجج˵ʲôס
ص޵ҹҹ˯ţżͻεźӱڻСֻܿţȴȲǡ
ʵ۱۾·ǶӾա񼴱ǹȥ꣬ÿÿ𣬻ʹѵ
Ѧ誵н䱸ɭϣڵ̫๬ŮǾϸѵģôù¹ôҪĵطʧ˻ôѵϾûлɹ𣿡

57

֪ʱʵۺѦѾߵһɽϣǸԶŲԶɽһƬƺ̣ʵ쿪ڣôûлɹ޶ûֹͣ׷飬ʲô鲻
¹е˶һδ𺣣һҲû¡ʵ۵֮İʹ
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Ѧվڻʵ󣬰ʹ࿴һֱب粻ȥһذڴʱ⿪
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ȻԷ˸˷򣬻֮ļϿŵά°Σ̫شһʱһҲ󲻵á
ԣʵֻܰԼıʹ˷ҹ˾˵ʱ¡
Ѧӿһɴδйľͬ飬룬˵£˵һ𣿡

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Ѧ誵ͷ
ԼѦ誼ᶨĿ⡢ŵȾ˻ʵۣʹأʵ۾Ȼͬˡȥŷ
ٽϯڼԵʮæµġ˲˵ġʳĵģ±лҪּ֡
ˣææµµǻһ۾ƼͻȻˣΪʵŵɫ̫ۣΪ֮ӵһ˸Ȳ˵ġ
οվһеĿӣϳ½˻ʵ۵Ѧ
ʵڲףþΪʲô̻ƵĳƬ֮æڵϣҲŹڵϣɽꡣ
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֪Ĳ˾Ͳԭˮ׼ϯٰģһȥĲ˲óԣͻʺһٷ
ʵլʺ񣬲ΪԼԭñܵ𷣡
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һյĹѦ誴Ӵ߳жһ̣Ϸһ롣ʵ۸ǰеǰͣ£档
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ڰҹѵģ۾еļµĸоþòɢȥУѦѪ֮Уһ˫˵ġ۾
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춯߽جˣһ˵ţһһȲ衣߾ֺڣоһЩ
ʵʲôʱ
δʱȰʱ仹磬΢˯һɣ
Щӷ̫࣬ΪѾߣȻ֪һֱûϢáƽʱӨӣЩŶЩ԰ס
һڴϱ۾
ԺĸҪ˯ŵʱ򣬺͸ղǸجһģһ龰ֳˡѦѪУ
ɣڵصԼ˵شЬӡ
߽Ҫʲô
Ҹ£Ҫȥһ˺
ҹģȥɣ
ǸģȻԼҹѦѾˣȻˣΪѾҲôţǸеڻҪصģһңʱ̳ںſڣڹ
֪ȴʮִ֣ԹԵĴӹѻϡֻô֣ʰã˸š
Ϊ뾪ˣǱûҲҿĲԶһӵĹ˾͵˺ǰ
վԶԶ۲˰죬ƺûʲô쳣ſԼ̫ģجΡҪȥȴһ˼ҴҵشԶ߹
ߵǰǰźͷĴҫЩ졣

58

ҹجΣ̽ͿһЩˡ˰죬̫ҽ
ǰϸĳ檿Թϵá
ɲԣ˼ǣ
ҹ̫ҽһǸ--˳¡
Ǽˣ֮ûк¡ʵϣ뵽ԼղجΣѾµ˾Ѧ誣ȴҰ˵ڡ
·һ˵ǸԭƽƽˣͻΪһߡ
ȴû뵽һڣȰھͻȥɣȵ糿ū澹һµ˭
ߣܹȥסǸ̫ҽҪ˭
̫ҽǸʮߣѾµĳ˿ɫءԷֻһʮСҲû̾ѦүӸո̡
·û仰ַ·ȴţһʱ֮䲻֪ӦηӦֻܴ㶵վڵ
̫ҽܾԹ˵ͷ첽˺
Աеǻ誹ˡô죿
Ȼȥ˦ôһ仰ҲɵҲ˺
ӶԹϤģҲûšһɫΪ԰ףɵﰵ̾һ
֪λ˹ϵǳδҲǿˡ
̫ҽû˼;ˣͷһſͬ˵Ǹɾôˣ
Ѧ誵ѣңҺܵ
ԴʣȦȴѾˣֻǿŲ̫ҽʮֲ̣һСҲԺʲôвĬˡ
һǰһѦ誵ԺӣԺѾһƬң˸̼ǡ
ߵ£ʢһˮŹһ㶣˹
ͷʶȥˮѪһƬȻѪˮˡѵЩѦģ
Ķʱ͸ˣ̧ͷͰ͵ʣ誣𣿡
ʢ˫ĿףȻǿ޵úˡȰ̫ҽýȥˮ轻ˣԹڶ̣ʱԲѡ
⻰ʲôҲ˲ˣƿʢڱԼԺˣѾҲ˲עһͻȻֵСͨشãԷ
һžŵһŨصѪζΧڴ齱ϣɵ˵˭
Ҳ˵˲Ѧ誣ҲǶŪˡڴһһĳǰߡ
ǰվѦүһλ긾ˣһλϷˡղͬһλ̫ҽͷ
͸Щ˵ķ϶ϸȥ˫Ŀգɫ԰ףݲûһ˿ı䡣
Ѧ誣ȴ˭
ֻƽʱǻüۣʱȴ޹⣬·ֻһᶯֽһ㡣
סˮߵѦүʵôˣ
ѦүͷɵҲһ˹ô֪ģ
ܸΪجΡиӦŹģֻ˵ġ
ûΣգ
Ѧүҡҡͷֻ̫ҽ˵
ѦүʵѾ󣬵ΪԺˬûʲôѹԴòϿҲʮͷӡȻʱ˿̣Եƽʱ˵ʮꡣ
˫ĿвѪ˿۽˼ƣȴҲ֪ǰλѦˣǿ򶨰ο̫ǹõģ誻ûµġȻȥϢȥ㡣
ү
Լڼȿ־߼ȿʹʱ򣬶ֳƽʱȫ̬
ںүǰʱЦеģ·ûκһܹѵ
ҲѦүùԭ򣺱ϾѦΪݵԭעһһƽ··ȼΣգ˵ᶪ
һֹ۵ĹߣǶҪһ顣
һѦүǰСźĵ˶ûϣڴеֻǶԴһִ
Ѧ誣Ĵ졣
ѦүͻȻЩ̣ͷº͵صǺãڴ˵šҿɫ㲣֧Ųס¡ȥϢѾ߸Щ㡣
Ե£ǼѦүĿУֻܾ̾õ˵ͷ
ĺǲϻģѦүԸҵܿһ
ӻ磬Ŀطǵϣͷһᡣ
һ֣Ѧ誰Եġ
İڳǸȴδ
˭Ѧ誽ôĳޣȻ֮еף
һƬƲ෴ģȴǸƽ
մӹ˵̿Ѿ֣ϲʤҲ˲ԼѾȵַԸ˰ϯ桢輧ʼһ衣
һֱݣڵأʡ¡
ԣͻȻǰʱЩԵɵɵġ
Լүŵλ˵үоɽūŽ
⸮źѾСҶ˭֪ˣųſڵλ˫˲Ҳ֪һˣҪԲ˶ˡ
۾ǰŮӡ
һ£òеޡֻһ㲣˫ĿףȻǸոտ޹
ȻЩòһһһֳ̬֮
ˣͷ
վҡҡλεߵǰ˹ˣҪźһ˵ţһ־Ҫȥա
˰벽ֱ㵲־ûĸ첲ϡ
ɫһƺҪŭȴסˡЦص˹ңϲ
ֻʵѦ誣ǲ˴ɱģ
۾У漴Ц˵ʲôأô
װ⡣Ŀѣ޲ʱͰŪڵ
Ѧ黳ȣδ˽ԹҲйִ˵ºûйϵ
ΣȻ򣬡˽ţѵǶѦ˼
ѦѵĿǣҪλãҪŮˡ
ҿԼ磬֡ⷴӦѦ׶༪ˡ
ֱһʱĺϢ
Ϊһ룬üĿ֮ĿϲѾβסˡ÷Ȼ㣡
㲻ңİ֮ˣҹڴ˷ģԲƱݡ
һһٵ˵Щתˡ
һͷˮѦûģô˹ˣϴҲûеѽ
֪˵ǰ֮¡
˵Ȼһ˺̫ҽѾ˷ˡѦүųˣΪǻظȥˡֻ֪ת
үɱ誵ˣ

59

ֻصԼĲ²ԭԭغѦү˵ˡ
Ѧү˹֤ݣ
ҡͷ
û֤ݣŵĲ²ҲǿԼƶϣǰ˽ˡңһֱһѲ˸ϵ
ǣү誻ڲ²֪ǲܷŹ˰
Ѧүͷģȥ顣
룬ֶ˹㲻ҪٺӴˡ˾Ǹ֮ͽԼȨƣһʲô
ʲô£ҲýѦү˵֣¡
֪ΪʲôͻȻһֵĸоѦүԴѦƺͨĸ׶Զ
׶Դӣ۰Ȼⲻ˵ģҲһֳСơѦүԴѦ誣ȴĳ˳ӡ
·Ѧ課Ķӣʲô˲õĴһ㡣
Ȼͷ漴ͱԼʲôѽѦүѦ誵Ĺ۰˲ܲǸӹϵ
Ѿ߶ҩǸոհõĸѦ誵ҩιɣ
Ѿ߲ûм
ΪѦ課ŮɫԺûѾӡСѾ߻Ǻ˿ûŮźУŴԼʱġ
Ѿ߲Ѧү߶˵ͷ
Ѿӹҩ룬ǰ
ջɷǸˣʱڴϡɵͷһᣬۿʪǰϣʢ˰ҩѦ誵Ĵߡ
Ѧ誸ûʶܺȵȥأ
ǣҩȫ˳ڣһۼżȿִĿġ
һֱŵˮҩ룬סѦ誵ֿ޵誣㲻Ҫһ㱣ء
˵һ㣬ȴֻǵô죿ƺЩ˵ȥصʹɻشľֻġ޵ĺ
˾һǿѦүҲ̵תȥ۾
誣ϻǷ㣬ҵʱһᣬԲûлش㡣
Ҹ㣬㡣ҹѦ誡
һһشܣҪҪ㣬ҵģúúҩòã
˵˺ö໰Ҳ֪Ѧûȥ˺ð죬ҩ룬ֶ̽Űҩιȡ
һأѦ誾Ȼȥˡ
ͷһϲæʢһףֺȥˡ
Ѧæչһʮ־棬˹誱Ȼ˵Ļˡ
ղ̫ҽߵʱ˵ףѦȻģҲʮաҩ֮һһҹ֮ǱΣա
̫ҽĻΪֹ֮⣺ûºǡ
ιҩӰѦ課˲ǺͲӣڵϣȫעؿѦ誡·ֻҪһգۣǰ˾ͻһ̣ʧ
ѦүȰ˹ظȥϢɣ˸㡣
ҡҡͷʮִֵ˵һգұ￴һգգұ￴ա
һֱѣôҾһӡ
˵⻰ʱƽº͡Ѧүһ־޴İˣ
ЩǰŮȣԼѦ誵⵽׻ǲĳɷ֡
ȻѦ誵ġ֮⣬жΣδĿ־塣
ΪѦ誻ʹȥδüͻʵϣôԺʵ֪֮󣬲ǴС꽫ҷ𣬾µδܱס
Ѧ誵ĴǰһһҹɺʼûѦү̫ҽΣߺ֮Ȼҡҡͷ
Ŀһ£Щ̫ҽô
̫ҽںתǲ֪Ϊʲôȴû
Ѧ誵Щһ
Ѧү̫ҽʲôʱܹ
Ҳ˵áǼ죬߼£ꡣͿԵˡ
˵գҡҡͷȥ鰸߿ҩˡ
ҲʮֿϧϾѦԺգǻʵǰĺˣδǰ;ȴû뵽ͻȻôһ¡вơ
Ѧү̫ҽĻ֮ɫӻҰס
ЩڣѦ誻ؾͺˡڽϣѦȻԶָܻݣǱϾܹƽƽġ
ɽԺͬȪ֮µѽ
ӣѦ齱ߣĬĬؿһһҹգɫָЩ촽Բ԰ף඼һ
ֻȴһֱ۾ĽëͶӳһƬӰõһˣѵӽԺֻڴţһֱɵϡɵ
̫ˣ
ڴʱˡڸеһһҹҲûмԼҹֻù
˹棬ɾǴһҹͻȻƤż˶ʧȥһ㡣
ʱ򣬶ֻǻعͷһۣɫãȻ
˵߷סǧҪס誹һġ
˵ͷҡҡͷϻ¡ðʹʡ
ȰظЪһЪɣ誹ˣԴأ
ȴֻҡͷ
ѦүҲȰ˹һһҹؼҲʮֵϢˣ
ĴԶΪﳨ
һദѦүӿ˹ΪˡԴѦģּȷʵǺʺϻ誡
ϧһ˫СŮȴҪĽ

ַȰ˵ͬ⣬վȴһѣΡһһҹδ˯ûгԶʱȻ֧
æסˣߡ
Ѧүһţذѹ˹ͻظȫܻ
ӴӦȥˡ
ѦүѦ誵ȶ룬ȥ˻ʹ
ʵ֪Ѧ̵¶Ҳѯ̫ҽԷѦүеʣ˵誻ûѣ
Ѧүصص˵ͷ
̫ҽ˵Ҳ޷Ԥʱ̡
ʵ̾һҹѦΪ棬˭֪˹¡
޲ãԭӦûЩȥġ
ѦүŻʵǴεĵͻȻһְгĳ嶯ǰˣΪڴ²ʡֻһȴ֪Ǹȴӡ
ʵۿѦүɫԣôл˵
һѦүӻоѡסԼûи߻ʵѦ誵ʵݡϾպߵļƻʱ˵ʱ
ȻѦڴ֪޾ѦүҲ
ǣ׷̿͵ݡ
ʵ۵˵ͷҲѾԸȥ
ɫӽ£޵ȻĿŵصףһҪ׷鵽ףϢ
Ѧүо仰֪òý
֮仹˵ʲô˵ÿʵҪѦү˵Щ强ʱ򣬶ῪʼáҡԳơ
Ѧүɣ̿ˡ

60

ʵһѦүʲô֤ݣ
Ϊһ˵˵ԼĶӿʼٸߣķӦδЩ̫侲ˡ
ʵΪԼֻʣһӣԽҲðѻλһЩʵڲá
ЩʵҲ֪ԼЩаŮĹ
һˣӣҲʵϲ
ѦүΪʵ۵ķСȻҲ˽һ㡣ԣŻ̸֮󣬾˵
ʵôʣ£Ŀǰû֤ݡ
ǣ£ܹ׷صתҲܿͻˮʯˡ
ʵһ룬Ӧˡ
οѦү䣬˺ЩҩĺͲƷЩûȥӲһ
ʵۿѦүĿͬ飬ſţ;ЩԾΪζԷĿ⣬Ҳ֮ͬɫ
ɻһֱҲûн⿪
Ȼʹ֮ȴѾŷˡ˾ǻʺ
С̫֮ЦһԸ֧ǧ˲θ͹ȥ˵Ǳ͸Ѧ誵ġ
ŮЩ⣬ѦۿžҪˣǺαƷѣ
ʺһۣ㶮ʲôˣϾûԣǾҪһ̡
Ů˼ǣ
ú׶˲Ĩһ顣
׶ѦֻȰ˲ҲʱѪʱǲ֮ӣ϶Ѧˡ
ŮȻ򣬡Ӣ
ȷʵۺˣصеͷ˯һֱ˯ڣһֱجΰԼѡεѦ誣Ѫ֮С
ʱѾ֪ԼѦ調ЩӦģҲٶԷ̵Լ᲻ͣجΡ
ڣεǿµһĻ
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Щɻ󣬱ǰȥʡ
Ҳλǻʺ˲εġ
Щɵ˼ǹӣۻʵۻǻʺ󣬶Թá
ͷһӵ˵ͷ㼱Ҵҵؽ˺
Ѧү˵ʺ˲ΣҲصԺù̫ຮѣ̫Ѧүæվֵʺʮֵӵ飬Ӽһˡ
ָ˷ϵһľӵһǧϲΣǵʺޣڴ͸ӡ
ѦүͷһȴǲԣǡôĻֺ̿͸мңңڹĻʺǧлһ
̫ȥ
˵û뵽ʺﵹǸˡ
˵ǰѦ誻н䱸˻ԲѣҲûԹǸֱӵˣ⼸ռүΪѦ誵㲲ʮۡ
ϣѦܹЩ
ѦүȴûкôֹۡͻʵǷСڷڵۺ֮ì֪߰˰ˡ֪ʺԲôͰ
οʺԺмһˣͰͶ˲ôô֡
ү˲γԲáһڷſ˶ͷȥ
һ㶣ǰͻȻһſڵŮʮͣòеޡǿȴúܡ
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ѦүȴѾӭȥ˹ôϢЩʱ򣿡
ΪչѦ誶һһҹû˯ǰŸ뿪ڲֻˡ಻Ϣĸʱܵˣ
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˰ͷﲻúã̬ׯһ˫峺ףһһ˼Ĺ
ﻶϲѾȲԹһҿɫ㲣óЩŴŴ
ⱾǺͨһ仰ҲԴԼĶѦġȻڹֻһůڣֱ֫ٺȺˡ
Сʧĸף׶ֲ䲻ȣǽ͹Ϸ˹ϵĽҲµʱ䡣ǰʮУһֱһ˹ĵ״̬
عģȴǴûܹġҺ˺׷ǹʣΪʶѦ誣ذ
ⷬ⣬βж
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˵ͷԹʮ⡣
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ͷһ򣬾һ
񾭹ĵΣգʲôԾĶ´޽ҲȲ
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˴Ӧȥˡ
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ôѵ䲻
ѦүԼǸֺеĵӣԼķ۾Щëҿ˹ͻ調Ѿ˽ˡȻǻ誵Ҳĵĸôʱǽǣ
˱ЩΣҲֻһˣαص棿
Ѧү֪Լǲ˼ˣҲû˵ơԸڷϢԼȥѦ誵Ժӡ
Ѧ誵Ĵǰغ˵ʲô˽վѦү
߻˻֣ԺЩͶ˰ɡ
Թ⿴ײˣѦ誶ԹҲһƬܹѹԺ϶ҪΪ򸾵ġ
ʱ򣬹ҲҪ˽Լһ׵ġ
ѦүŹʱ򣬱ֿԼδϱĸоԽԽǾ⡣ˣڹ壬Ҳ͸ӹˡ
ʱشѾ׼÷ˣȥ᷿Ϣһ£һѾ߰͹ȥ
᲻ߣԼˣ͸ӲܳʱѦˡҲֻõ˵ͷȥˡ
ѦүվڴǰѦ課԰ƽݣɵþͺۿ૵СӣϽҵǰɣ
ٲҾ͵˸ףѦȢʱǹѦ誵ġ
ǾڴʱͿѦ誷ϵ֣Ȼ΢΢ضһ
Ѧүգգ۾ΪԼˡ
߽һЩһ誣
ͼѦ誵۾ʻˡ

61

Ȼٰ㲻Ը⣬ǵǱѦүŻ˹˸
Ҳ֪ôˣһΪѦүһؾȻϵ˵һĹǲں޵ġ
ĩˣƺ¹ƵģԺǳ˻飬סöС
ͲòˡͺǶԸںƵġ
һ϶ģһֱȥ˯ţߵ㴩ȥ
Ѿܽᣬ誹ǲˣ
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۵ؿ޳˵齱ߵ誹ҹѪѾ׼ˡ
ܣ
뿪ʱѦ誻ﰲȵģûκβԾĵطң̫ҽҲ˵ѾΣա
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ۺ˻ǹ˸ˣ֪˹Ѧ誽ǳѦбʱ򣬺һʱҲ֡
ǲţٶȴʱ䶼Ȳˣɱ
һӵı飬ǿһ¡
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𽥵ȥȴѪ
ԹԵس԰ʧȥѦ誵ʹ֮Уȴ֪Ϊˮɲȥˡ
;ãƺʲôطͷشظͷ
ĪҪˡ
˵ҪһһȻʳԡ

Ȼ̧ͷͶһ˫̶ӡɺʹǰһ㿡ɫȴΪ԰ףһĪͬʡ
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誣㣬ˣ󺰳ȴѦϣһĶ𺰣ñͲˡ
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ˣȴ£ǰ޵ò֡
ĨһᣬɷѦ誣У
˵գתҪߡ
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Ȼʱסʲôܣ֮Ȼ֣Ѿŵŭˡ
Ѧ˳һס󣬿еҲãĪߣ
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˵Ҳ֣ǰЦѦ誣̣ȻֳһֶԹ޵
ǰź覴õӣͷһãҲߡһﰵջˮջˮ
ƺΪҲƵģðĿĸҡ
ΪʲôװƸˣװ˵װҪŲû˵
ѦЦſǴӦòµõɣ
˭һ׻ϸ˼Ƭ̣̽ŵѵΪԻͻʺ󣿡
ѦؿŹˡԣɱñ˿
ÿ޻ǵÿޣ
룬ּһ䣬Ͼİˡ
Ѧһ£Ҫ
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ʱݴŲѦ£Ǻ˱ӡո׼ͣ˾ͽˡ
عͷȥһʮ꣬Ҳ㿡ʣѦࡣ۾ȴһһģŹһᣬѦ򡣡
񣬵Ѧ誵ĵܵܣ
ԼѦүиӣѦСһ꣬־ͽѦ򡣿ǰˡ
ѦͷﲻɵðҡԼʱѦ誣ҲôÿĹѽ
ǰòˣ˵һɣǰŵϵġ
ߵ齱ߣܷܵؿ˿Ѧ誣˫ĿգһҲȤ
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һ˵ţһԽԽǾúÿ
̫ԣͷһŭһ£һ
ͷѦһۣҴ뿪ˡ
ѽѦء
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ףѦҸϱɡ
⻹Ѧ誵һȷȷʲôҪѦүЩȻȴ֪Ϊʲô
Ѧ誵ݣذͬˡ
ȴʮеҲϸ࿴Ǻ󻰡
ͬʱϷȴ˽
Ӻȥ㱻뵽˴Ժ
Ϸ˼Ůϸ˿ɫСʵ˵ȥ˺Ѧôˣ
ѦھѾ÷зϷ֪һҲ֡ңΪտѦ誶һҹδ飬Ҳɳ
뵽ղѦ誵ĶҡҡͷȴЩģ㴹۾ͬϷ˶ӡ
ϷȴˣΪΪ̫ģ˴ͷɥ̾һùǰ
ĸڲú˵ЩǣѦֻнҲδסԻҸŵԵ˼ұȽϺá
Щӣĸ㿴˼ҡ
㿼һ£úõģǾͰ࿴Ϸ˿ŵ͵˵·´˹¡

62

޼ҡңϼң⼸ҵĹӶǺլĸദġϷְҵľϸϸ˵
żңòǼǮƣֻƷȻδǷദûѲСҲڿ֮С
¸жȴ벻ܾ
ϾڴҶ֪Ѧǲˣȷܾ࿴˼ңǴʺĶ˵ɣӰѦ誵ļƻ
ֻ÷ŵ˵ͷŹЩѦǱߵüĿʱƾҲˡ
Ϸ˵ʮֻϲӣɫƣȥϢ
Լͳ߶ҸżңҲͷˡ
ЦŰοƷкãúã϶ҵɾģϷ˾Ͱķڶɡ
ڵʱ֣ѦزΣǡ
ɰϢ߹ʱ򣬺ֻᡰŶһ׼లοĻӦ˶
ЩԣǺͻ誹ӳˣ
ʳԺ־ЩԾЩӻ誹ӶţǶԼҹ볳Ҳûлѽ
ŷ֣ԼķӦЩԡڰǰԼķʵǲϷ-̫ۣ
ֲǰһкгʱֻƵӦһһ仰𡱡
۵úܣЪһЪȥɡ
ȻѦϢĳЩ˻衣Ͱ͵ͻʺ
ĸǿǸˡһϵѳǻʹڣĶѳԡ
ʺȴ磬Ѧ˵Ǻܺã֮ˣǸô죿
ĿݣǾɱˡҲʲô¡
ĸǻʺ游Ȩ£ԼŪ˻СһѦ誣ǰǺ񻹲ǹԹԵڹײ
԰ĸҾעӣ˭˵ġ
ʺȻɫ⺢ӣ˵˶ٴˣֻҪ˵ǲ
ÿԤϣϵֻ˴Ů
˵ҲǺ󹬵һδ档ԭûòһҪʵҡǾǰһ죬С̫ʧְˮϡ
ȻڻݣǲӵĲֱˮݣȻǱˡˣˮȻȥˣȴһƬСİ̺ۡ
ڳòĺ󹬣Ƕǰ̣ӽԺǶˡ
ҿʺլʺ̫ҽΣԼߡ
ҲͶұЩԻʺĹִѾǻʺεĴŮˡ
Ҳ˽ʺ˼ū澽֮ǰĴˣΧûпɵˡ
ʺص˵ͷϸ
Ѧˣĸĸ󻼡ǻʺǴáǣ˯ǰһ֧ص͸
ˣܺúõϢˡʺЦʮֳ졣
ǧлؽˣźʺɺãǺ˽ŵس޵
ҹֵʺ˵Ժúõ˯һˡ
ԭסĵطǣǻʺߵĺˣⱻ˾޵Զ߹ȥҲʮ·¶
ӣ־ǰߡ;ýҹĺƺҲ˼ů֮⡣
ͻȻһֵ漴;ú󲱾һʹ㲻ʡˡ
֪˶ãתԼһںΨһĹǽһֻҪϨ
վһӹĴѰңͼҵųȥʵڲдҲԡ
飬ûҵǽģƺһ㡣Ȼ뵽ûз϶˵˴ϢҲޣôԼ˵ܿҪϢˣ
Уûлء
ˣЩҳȥ
źʮ飬ҲûӦԼܰó档ǽһ֧ۿžҪȼ
Ŀ־֮С벻׵˭˳ޣҪ˺
װһ˭ȰϽҳȥǱʺ֪С
ڴʱͻȻϨˡȫĺڰ
žͺڰеʱ˵õϢеʱȴֻ˴޵Ŀ־塣
սսڵϣͷϥСֻΧĿռƺµĶڻ񣬷·һ˲Ҫ˹
֪˶ãڱıԵʱһЦ֪ﴫڷƮ
˭˭װŪ
Цͣסһ㻹Żʺ㣬ȴ֪һǰ;Ůź˵ĹŮ˭Ĺͣ
ʲô˼׷ʡ
ҵʲô˼ɣ
꣬ǰһ죬ôôɱˮ̵
ѵô꣬ûлɹ
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ʧˡ
һЦȻҲѡԶֻǸ⣬ûһӵң⡣
㣬ڴ˹¶ϰɡ
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ٵûʺΣҲֻһŮǲˣе˶λá
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Ǽ㳲һһҹҲûз˿ټ
ʺһֲԤС
룬Ը̫ʦ̽
ڹʧԲһ򵥵顣ңʧĵص㻹Уǻʺĵ̡
ⲻòûʺɣһһڱ
ûʺؼʱ̻ҪͬԼĸһ¡
Ȼʺûеȵ̫ʦȵϲ
ϲЦеģԻʺ󹧾񣬡ȥһ
Ϊ£ʺ󵭵ʡ
ϲ˭Ƕڻʵߡ˸ɫ˵ȵˣԹɫ˵ѾΪһֱܡԣϲƽ֮µĻš
ͷЦȴûһ˿һ¶
ūҲƼݣء
ʺֻվʱߵĹŮʹ˸ϲĿһɫʺš
ǹŮߺҲ
Żʺףȥ̫ʦʺΣա
Ůļ٣Ųɿ죬һҵ̫ʦѻʺ״
˭֪ߵſڣ㱻С̫סȥ·
Ҫȥ

63

ʺһ۾Ϳ˹ڵϵһȴǲԡʵ֮󣬹ʵôһһҹ
һֱڵ㡣
˵ʺⱲóʲôôЦصһǰéǰ⻰ʺеһжĪ
Ȼʱȴֻû䡣
صлʺūû¡
䵭룬Ǹ֪֪ȵŮˡ
ʺЦЦװûзתʵ۵лʹúϢһ¡
ȹգ¿ͷ
ʵ⻰ķڻʺɨ£ʺǰ޵ɵ𣿡
£ʺڵϣֲ̿ؿͷԺ⣬檲ҡ
ʵüë뷽ԼϵһУٿǰµĻʺͻȻò˵
˻֣ͬʺ˵ա
ʺʱȻ֪׷ʲôֱܻǰδеΣ
ɴ࣬ȷˣվӸµؿʲô˵
ڻʺۺı֮£ɵõͷȥƺҲ˵һ仰
ʺ󲻽ЦԻʵ۵£û£檾ȴȥˡ
ڴʱͻȻ̧ͷһ˫þˡ
ڸղһ˲䣬ͻȻһ£ʲô˵ôŻʺˣص󣬾ûĺùӳԡ
˵ʺҪ
ڰһж˵ողŻʵ۷Ըġͻʺʣôܱ
һһٵصʺıɱѦ¶Ѿ֪ˡ
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ŮźڻʺߵģȻ˻ʺ˼ĸŮǰһ׽סҪͷϡ
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Ҫٴǰȴͬһߣżƣǻʵκ˶ܰߡ
Ů-ʺҲǲеġ
ʺȻɫʱ⣿
޵˼ʺεĹŮѾȫˣѦ̵Ļʹ
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Ѧ課Ѧү֮ӣӣͻʺ̫ʦûκвֵġ
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ʵ۵˵ͷԸϲͳȥ
ڹﲻȫʺ϶鷳ȥ⣬عӰա
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ףԼûԵˡ
ȵһдͣһ˴תʵۿ˿ʵ⣿
ѦүΪʹʧӣʱɫһƬҰ
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ʵۿ˿̾һ֪ԹǣΨһĶӣܲ滳誵ɣ
ް֮󣬻˭̳лλأ
Ѧүҡ
Ȼ˵ɫǴһ˿롣Թġ
ʵ̾һǵѦ򣬿Ը⵽
Ҫ˼ˣѦүƺʮʵ۲һϹȥϾӵǰӵġ
ҲȶԷȥúһ룬ո޸ػ
Ѧү뿪ʹĳһɨաע⵽һ֣ϾĶѦʬδ
ѦүͣرغѦ誵Ժùײġͼǹײشͷһ죬һ𣬡ףΣ

64

ԺΪѦ課õײı˴ͷƿһ죬ѦүƺһҲ¡
Ȼϣʵ۶ֻţѻʺ㣬̫ʦᶼûᡣ
һ˴ӹײ޳ŨüķۣѦȴ˭
ɫΣǸˣǰ춼ҪһЩ
ȻͻȻزҲѦү̶ļƲߣΪľûʺ˷ɾ衣
ѦүƺЩʧѦȰ񣬻ϻΪԼֻһӣʺ̫ʦһϵƣǣһȫȻҲǲܶġ
Ȼ˵ǡѦүû˵ȥֻ̾һ
Ѧ誵ҲذգѾڻʵһӣܿӾͻѿɲ
ʺҲᱻ𡣡
ѦүžúһЩ±˷֣ҲҺѦ誳ӹ˸ƻݸߣҴҵˡ
ȥȻǰǰ̶ļƲȥš
Ѧƺͦ⡣ڶľ˴ţǱƽ˯㡣
ֻǣЩ
ϻ̹ʹԼװص¶̹ˣʱǺҲ֪Щû
أЩģ⼸ô
ĿǰûлԼΪһסŵھӣҲӦһɣ
Ůӣϸʱϸ壬ʱҲ顣
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ƺΣƺЦ
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㣬Ҫͬǰ˵һǶĵһء
ϷҲСóѿ˵ͷȥɡַԸְ˽֥ĸȥ˵ҵһ⡣
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һ㶣˼ɫƺҲ鲻ѡ
Ȼӹעһ£ʵ˼ͨɻŲһ¡
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ȴֱ׳Ҳûѽб˳һۣϵĳ֮ɫŨοŮѾ˼˽ˣ޸ǣּ޸˭ȥ
˵ףǾ˸

65

ϱ˽̸Ůãȴ֪һžͱ˸ͷһ١
ȻҲʡ͵ĵƣЦָų˼ֻͬ˵öãʶĸָѵΪ˼ҷ˵һ仰𣿡
̼Һüҽ̵̣ųӸ
͵ǷԼ죬ȴ϶ԷȻ֮ӷѡһʱӦһ¡
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Ͻìͷ׼ĸ׵ģúý̵ӣȻͨƽ
Ҫ죬ȴ֪ʲôֻЦ˼ųϵĿУĶǲмͺñһ֪ԼԶռϷˣڶԴԼλ͵˵ʱ¶ֲм
ɫóѣԼŮ˼أңû⣬һֱ˼ҵԺ
ôһ֣Ҳô鷳úԺù
֪óϲľЩûԼ̫嶯˵ȥĻóȥˮҪջȴҲǲܵˡ
ЩεضԳ˼ȥö
˼ͣߵ˵ͷصЩĸȥɣúýԼŮΪ֮
սһﲻظų˼ȥƫԺ
Щ̸ȻˣǱϾǰĵڡۡڳ̸ʢʱðµģȹ˸Ҫࡣ
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˵㣬ǸνĻӣڱû

66

ʺϺıɱѦ誣صƺ㣬˵ʧ
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ٴκˣһ˽ƽź˵СˡһյƣӳճЦ⡣
ߵǰʺһҰףɾôˣ
ĵƹ⡢С˵ЦͻȻѻʺ˼ӹץصڡǹˣ֣صʵ㷽ţʲô
˲ҡͷūʲôûѽ
ʲô᲻جΣ
˵գԼ૵صƽʮֹõģôջʺҹˣ
ʺһ˫۾ضСˣ߲αһԼɻѹȥ
ҲţֻԼĻþֻһΣ
ˡ
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С˴Ӧţ˻ʺϣѵͷﴲԶĵطԼϢȥ
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ʵϣؿѦ誡
߲ܣôš
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ĳ񣬵ߺա

67

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68

˼֪Ŀ⾼ĿŹãþòԽغÿˡ
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ʲôϧһʶƣûгɹ
˵óǰذѦǰ˻Σ͸ҵذס

69

ԴѦүӦҪӽϽӻؾʵ۾˽صȴ֮С
Ȼϵ༸ǧˮ·½·תҲҪ¡ʵһֶĸо
ڴ֮⣬һҪ࣬ûԡ
ȴΪͣܿ죬͵˳Ϧһ졣
һƬŵƽʣĴϲλۼУʢװ硣ǻʵۺͻʺλֵͬӡ
ȻЩĿģЩȴֻǿջЦǰ߱ʺ󣬺߱ʵۡ
ʺԤϵʵ۶µּ֮죬㱻̫ʦַȰ˽֪ʵԼĪǲ˵ģν
ôĺŮ֮˼ҲΪ˶ˡ
пӰλѦʺֻ־һ͵Żʵ۰֮Ϳ԰ȵϻ̫λá
˷ϲ¾ˬʺտɫʺ󳯷ͷڣׯӣҲȷʵһĸµ˼
ЦӯӯԻʵ°ݣ檲μӱ¡
ʵۼֻ
ʺ׿ڳϣ¹ĴĻʹɱŮˣȴʱܶҪǰӡ
˵ףɵģϵˡ
Ŭһ˿Цݣʵ̧˫֣ʺƽɡ
ʺ˳վֱӣĿڳλһɨеСľѾͷȥ
һֱ˾µļУΪԵõЦߵʵ¡
ʵۻֵʼɣ
һ׼õĸһ֮󿪳裬ȷʵһɺ֡ʺ󴽽ǺЦ־Ʊʵ۾ơ
ֻƱһڣܿͰѾƱǰϣĿⲢڻʺͣתһ輧
ʺɫƬ̽Ӳ漴һЦҲʵۼƽϡϾİŮ˺۰ĶӶɱģô˵Ҳö˼е̶Ȳǣ
Ҳתȥ裬һʱ䵹Ҳల¡
ãһգʵվЩƣ޳ȥߡ
ʺÿɷ񣬷ר־سϵζ
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ˣڻʵ۶˵Ѧүţ˵ϵѾˡ
ʵ۾죿
˵λ֪ĿģʶҪ˶ˡ
ʵۻͷ˿ƻͨĹһǳȥ
ʱŨܵҹɫ֮Уһ۵ʻڶϡӻʹǱؾ֮·
ʵÿӿ˿ǻ̵ĵطɣ
ϲ˵ͷūѦ̵ĵڶ죬˿
ʮģʵһ˫۾һֻ֮ɫϲ
ϲҲֱӵʵˡūѦͻ᲻
ϲԨԴʵ֪ġһжΪƣŽԵ
ǻ˵Ůӣֶ˭أ֪ʺ⣬ҲûԼǰ˵һʺĻ
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˳ĬŽ˺Ժĳڣʵһƿš
춯̧ͷһĸߴͦΣվڲ࣬Ѧ誡ߵģһλʮĸˡ
ݳ㣬ü۽ȴǻȥĳݡ
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Ѧ誶Ǹ˵ǵʥϡ
ɫһ˲ڵϣūμ¡Ը꣡
˼ЩΣǰѦؽ˻ʵۡ뵽Цòʹʧ
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ʵͷһʹȴҲûʧȥǣǸˣʵǹ¹ˣ
˵ͷū
¹ǻʵΪ޽ģʼ趨ֵʱ򣬾Ķʼɣǻʺ󣬺üղͬʵ۽
Щڵ۲飬ȴʹ顣һӣʵ۲ƽϢ飬ɵصôûм㣿
ʮǰں󹬣ʵնҪȥģ˳һʮ֮⣬ڹ¹
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ʱʮ֣ˣ˯ȥֱԽԽ󣬴Ҳűѡū澵ʱֻʮ꣬ʶ
Сиū澣ūҲҪѻӴȥѦүվڲԶˣڵϿͷū澶лѦүЩչˣū澲ʹ
ū澼ʱˣҲȥˡ
ʵ꣬þòҲûֻżĳ
˺һӣʵ۲һʵѦ誣֮ӣ
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˵ЩʵھʲôʵѾҪˡϾǻѦ誰Ѿŵûʺ˵ʵ¹Ϊ
ôҪģѦ誵
ʵ˲²⣬ٸѦ誵òƲ⣬ԼĶ¼Ѿ֮
Ȼ²һ£ı׿֤ʵȴһ¡
λ磬ҲϾֻһλʧȥӶĸסֻۿɬ᲻ĵ
֮УѦ調ƺѾû
֣Ѧ誣ӣЩܿˣ
Ѧү龰ֱʹɫĵ˳ȥ˸Ӷˡ
һ·;Ͷ٣ѦүԸ˷ȥϢڷͷ
ҹ纮Ѧүվţ໥ӰΡ
֪СúõģүôãһĿˡ
Ѧү̾һԺ֮нǸŮӣεڣͺˡ
ͷȥԼЩۿһ䣬ǰﻹھͺˡ
ǣԼҲף󹬾Ǹ˵ĵطˣ˹ֻб˳Եùͷʣķݶ
ǵ꣬޵Ѧүǲǻһֽ
뵽ԼʵЩ治ҡҡͷ̾ȥ˫Ŀŷų

70

һʱԺѦүȵ˫ȷᣬ֨ѽһű˴ͷ򿪡
ʵǰѦں󣬸Я
ſڹŵĺѦүע⵽˵۾Щףͷǿ޹ˡ
ͷѣ£ǳùˡ
Ź˵ģò֣˻ġ
ʵ۵˵ͷѦ誵ļ򣬡⼸ίһ£ɲҪšգȻּ
ǣʣѦ誴׵
Լһȡ˻ʵۣ֮ɫһɨգЦ˼ع֣ضѦүһ
Ѧүŵ£Ҫɱ𣿡
ʵ۰ס򣬡Ӧõġ㣬޵Ķӣް֮λ˼̳С
⻰˵úˣʵȻںܿʱھѾ˾ΣλѦ誵ˡ
ʵۺ뿪Ѧүǰߴ꣬۹Ժ֮⡣
ӣǲίˡ
ѦͨһѦүǰһ誰ɡô֮Ҳˡ
Ժ룬Ծ֮ԴԴ˵Ȼˡ
Ѧү⼸仰˵ģֻһɾ޴ůسײ˲ײ۾۾ܲסʲôȵĶҪ
еԣ޷˿̵ĸм֮顣
޴ش˫֣ѦүΨвϵظһ֣ãã
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̫ôˣƵġæùŮǸʵȲ裬ͷһůůӡ
ʵͻȻǵһɦŪˣ޲ûʵ۵ĿӴͣԼϣҲת
ΨлʺĿ˸ضŻʵۣ˵˽⣬Żʵʧһʱ䣬϶Ϸʲô¡
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ʵȻˣǹôһʣЩãѵûм¾Ͳ㣿
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ԶƷԣϺ͹ڱ֮С
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ߵſڵʱ򣬹ԶתԸոϽЩÿΣԪս

71

Զߺ󲻾ãѾҲѰ˸ͷ뿪ǻطһˣϴͷ˼ѻϡ
գپ续òͱȳϸ߳һأ˵ļӳˡ
ԷһС--ȥ鷿̵·
ֻŵͷŲҴң䲻һסȥ·ҪȥĶѽ
һ̧ͷòһԭǰѽϵô䵽ˣ
ǹѾߣڵԺǹ˼ƫƧһشϽǣЩ·̡
ЦеģԲŵĵҫ֮£֪ôؾԳֹֻȻġ
һ˲еĵͱȥ˳һסܽԱߵļɽ
Ϊ׷ϸݵģƽնϺúóԷġ֪ĻͰɵƺʮǧ
ţԼ͸СƵģɾǶݺݵӥ
У㲻ĵرɽɽеһֻһλŮͤͤЦӯӯ
ס
˵ͷ´ۣԵ̾Ǹ˶òҼ˶ⲻҪĶ
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ڣڵŬ˳ɹǰԶ鷿Ҫºʮ⣬ҪС檡
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ʵӦһڵһϲ£Ҳǹ֮ϲ£ķڳɨƺͣһ¡
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ʵۼ֮-Ҳ޵Ĵӣû䡣ЩѰңѰ䡣
˵λŮʮ־̲ס˽ֻǿŻʵ۷ƺһ˾뷨֮ͬʱ־̫˼ԼԼˡ
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һ誣ѹһʱתͷȥӲԶһꡣʱòֻɫж֮΢΢ڶһ˵ƣ˸޷ԡ
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μĸʡĸ󡣡
öڹĶһ૵Ѧ誣

72

λԪͻȻֵĴӣѦ誡ȻڲܽѦˣĹԣӦԻ課ǡ
ڴּ֮أŵûԭս˳ڡٿλˣɫ졣
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վ̧ͷȥȴְĿתˡ
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صԭĵطʱ򣬷ִҶΧ̫ͻʺߣӦеĺ֮⣬ﻰĶ³ֵĴӡ
ʺƺˣ÷ܡ
̫ȴЦݡʹˣЩһֱԹʵ۲ͻȻһӣǸٱ˫ȫɣȻǻĻϲ
ԣŮѯʣҲԵúġ
ǳֵʬǱ˵ģЩʵһֱҴӡڽհѦǰ֮ǰʵۺ̫Ѿͨ⻰٣겻ѡ
̽ŵ̫󣬴ƺѦүЩ񣿡
̫ǺһЦѽѦ誡
µĻȴҲ˵ˣҲʣ׷ٴθ̫ء
Ҳͼ̫ߴգϧķԶְֻ̫ܱͣ˼ΧżȴҲ޼¡
ЩЦȴ˵֪λӣɻ飿
˲֧ƺܹ͸һһǽһֱ̫ȥ
̫ɤӿڣλŮʱѻȸ
ǵĻֻ̫˵ûгɻ顣ﵹһˣͿûԵˡ
λ˷׷׷˭ڳĹŮѾɬصͷȥ
̫ЦſȦĳֵλŮһ˳Ǹ򿴹ȥһɵŮ̫
òҲһģǱͬĹãǿǸߵòһǰ
·̬򷽣ȻһЦͬɣͬŮҲЩֱ۾
̫סŮ֣ЦŶλŮҵֶŮǶ֪ġ˽ţͻ൱пܡ
û˵꣬λŮɬͷ̫˵ˡ
úúãҲ˵˵ˣǺǣ
˲⾪棬˵̫СԴɫû뵽λ˽衣ǶԺ߼ˡ
뷽̫δ˵Ļʮֲ죺Ѧ誷ŻԼƬ̹Ļͱ˰źˡ
ĸ˵ʲôʲôôģѦ߹̫ЦصʱͷŹգգ۾
ȴͷȥ϶ǲá

73

ƺˣѦЩͷԣĿһת̫סһŮ֣̬еȡǸŮ̧ͷһۣ漴ֵͷȥ
ӵѺ͸ˡ
Ѧü̲סͷȥԭרעع۲ߵģѾͷٿȻ㿪ȥ·ʶƵġ
ˣ
ѦȻû̫˵˵Ļǿ˾Ҳܲ¸˾Ųʮ
̫ҪǰŮԼһԡ
ѦüһЦ̫ĸλǣ
̫ΪԼֶŮ˲ųڣѦ誵ע⣬ɵЦλǡ
˵һ룬ͱѦ誽˹ȥԭĸ˵㡣
־ϲѦĽϹҲó˼
ϹӣԿġ
ֻۣʮܡݺݵصԶˣ޲ھͱȥʾԼȨ
ȴѦ˵Ҽ˹;Уðɡ
˵գĿɿڴŻ̫ĸһֱϣиãĸȫ
̫ԭЦȥվһԱڴɫǵͨ죬ۿѾˮ
Ѧ誶ЩӶֶɫĮֻżɨɫŻһ˿ɶ
ţģʱ˵ĵȻԼ˼
֮ȴֵոչλûи˵̫ǸӼѡ
Լԭø˦ӵģҲͲô嶯ڷ̫
ʱһֱûгĻʵ۹ЦԺ顣ĸҲˣùǷȥϢ
ʱϯûпʼʱ硣ʵ۴˾ҲǱ̫ڴΡ
̫Ҳ˳վֽСŮţһֻ𣬡Ҳ氧߰ɣ
סֱ̫ۣһ˺ƺƵ뿪
ʵۿѦһۣʵġ
̫ҲֻһᣬǲԸ⣬ҲδôʧõĶӣʵ۰
䵱Ѧǿüëͱӵʱ򣬸Ǵһɴȸ
ǣѦҲ͸ؿݡ
Ѧ誴ף̬Ϊ˵ĻȴնЩ鱾ûпܣһʼ;ܾ
⺦˺
⺦˺
ʵ૵ظ⼸֣֪ôأǰ̫ԼȢʺ¶
ʱİĹҶԷļҲƥʺݡ
Ȼ̫ǵ̫ʦǿȫûиŮʺ
꣬Լһ֣ĸ׷ʺҲı綼ᷢ
뵽ʵ۵ɫͽҰܣȻһ̾Ѧ誵ļˡ
սݣ
ѦߵߣʵҷűΣӣлӵ䵭߹󣬷һֻҪõСǹ
Ҳص˵ͷֵúܺã
Ѧˣģͬϵǡ
һԪ磬ǵ˼нɸųһȥһ·ϳ϶ɫһ仰ûͬ˵
˵ڶ糯ʵּѸ£ӴԺѦ誴ӵݱʵ
ͬһ죬ԺҲӭһλϡ͡
Ҷûиһڣǰޱ˵ôˣ
ЩҲˣԼҪ͹Զ껺͹ϵֺԷʼûλá
ϸϸԶŻһİˡ
ԣҲװʲôТ˳Ůˣۣ⹦򣬻˯һ߳Եء
ԶҲ˹Լ䵭ɫһ̲סҪȻĿģһǻŭӲסˡ
ǿŭͱϣƫҪװһģֱϴܣֻֿЦ
Ѧ誣ŶǰĻ誹ӣǴˣ֪ɣ
ʵϣŮ֪µģҹϻͬԶ˵ʱŴδûҹ
û뵽һ磬ʵϳĵһ¾ּʵѦ誵ݡ
ǣԶҲûгɣ˳
˵꣬Ҳ΢˵ͷȻأ
ԶӲͷƤǰĻ誹ԨԴԺ󣬡˵סˣǺǵظЦżԺԶཻһ¡
ԭ⣬Ȼﲻġ
ǰԶŲʣ֪϶Ⱥţ˵õѦ誳˻ӣϸʹϵˡ
Ϊ˸ףôܹ˲Ҫ
ҲûкźҺ졣
Զ꣺ǰǳ𣿡
ǰҲ֪˼ǻӣֻǸƷ֮Ůûĸף˭Ըң
˵꣬ϸŹԶɫȻɫһ˿գûʧȥǣǿѹţûжԹƢ
Ȼ˵ҲˣΪԼΪ˹˼ңϸһ룬ͻϹϵֻǵ檣Ҳһӵٻ󡣡
ôһ仰һرǿʲôԽʾʵĿġڹԶ˷̬˵仰ӡ֤
˵ΪԼΪ˹˼ңʵΪԼΪ˹˼ҡ
ŮǿԱһ˰ˡǰ
ĳЦǴ⣬Ҵ͹˼ҸʲôӣҲΪʲô
ѦûдҲŵˣЩԶûʸ֪
ԶѹסŭڵվָŹФŮ
ĳڹļΣǱݺǱԩֻǹԶ鲻ãһ
ÿһΣŵսսĬֻŵǸڹԶȥ֮󣬻һԼɫ-һĸ
͸ԶŭƺǰԼЦЦԹԶ꣬ҲФףôһְĸף
㣡
ȹԶ˵ŶˣֻǰˣڹúԪǰǰݵúøף
Զ־ŭȫû뵽ôһˡļǰŮ˳ܵġ
ôɫǴĽ񿴹
ʲôˣԶ˼⡣
ݺݵصͻȻãǵӣԼǴҪġ
ĿֱӹԶ꣬˿ûбá
Ŀ֮£Զ꽥ذȻһ֪̾ЩΪ
ǣǸŮķݶϣԭҰɣ

74

ԶڿҪԼԭաؿһۣһһٵصʱҪ׹ذȴϿ䵭
ҳˡԣҲͲҪˡ
˵ţ;ʪģһԼᡣ
ףǴ˻ģԶҲԴáԪԴ񣬻ˣˮ
Զ꣺ʲôѵѪԵϵܸı䲻ɣƺг
Ҳ𻰣ߵűƿӣһƣ뿪ɣˣҪϢ
Զɫ˱䣬ǼɵĴӣҲֻû뿪ˡ
뿪һ˲ᣬɾˣ
˵ϣˮ¡
ҲֻΪԶһأֻǶԸŮ֮ļ졣
̫ʦ˳ûֱӻظǼҴҵȥҹķ˷纮ҲûŮμԪ硣
ҹڹУóȥȻûл̫ʦͨ
ˣѦ誾ǴϢ̫ʦȻһ֪ġʵ۰䲼ּʱΧͬɫһƽȻǱ֪
ɻ̫ʦʺ
Ҳ˼棬ɫҰܣһʱ֮侹Ȼ޴˵
󣬻̫ʦȿڣ㵱ʱȥɱѦ誵Ǹأ
ڻǷһʼʱɱ־ͷˮˡʵѦ誵˲ء
ɱˣѵŹ
ʺѾȥˣͲҪˡףҪӦԡ
ǰֻǻѦǴӣԲŶԶԷʹɱ֡ɺˣ˼ֱǿƹʵڳ֮Ѹˡ
̫ʦȻ̾Ѿ˶֣Ӧԣ
ʺһۣ˴˶ӶԷ۾￴˿־塣Щǻʺöʮ⣬Ҳ̫ࡣ
ǵ˶ŭԣĲδĻʵۡǲˡ񣬴ӻôλ̳˾Ͳ֪һѡ
ʵѡѦ誣ʺҼ壬¶Ӵһ겻˵ʧ
Ҳ˲ˣ˵̫ʦǰ޵游ҪȾѽ
Ѧ誺޳ٵȵΪ̫ӣʲôˡ
ʺҲ͵ǰסոչλݲȣʲôʱõʱ
̫ʦ룬ǵ˵ͷҺúüƻһ£ĻᣬҲʧ
۾һл棬֣Ѧ誶ȻǲҲѷɡ
Ѧ課֪һıֿʼ߻ˡ³Ժؾֻһ£ȥ
ҹڹҴһû˵ϼ仰ûн˼֮࣬е˼ʢ
Ѧ誰ϵĳճ·ҪٳűһС̫£ӣūŸɣ
Ѧ誣á
С̫ᣬݹأԼǲеġǱ֪ˣȻūš
Ѧ誼С̫Ͳʮ꣬ݹᾣƫһ˫۾ʮֻ顣
֮ģڰֵðɣֻԶԶš
С̫ǧлӦˣȥҲһͨ·Ѧ誳˹
Ѧȥһ˺ѦүʮֻϲɫȴЩΣڹȥΪʼҲѦʹӣ¶ԷĶѦҲ
ʱ֪˼ȻԺյҲԺ֮Ӳҵ±ţһë㲻ϡ
ϷȴʮοסѦ誵ֶ죬Ϳ⺢Ӳͨˡû뵽ȴӷ
Ѧ課ûΪݵĸıԵø߸ϣЦϷ˵α䣬ӡ
Ǳس˺֮ˣϷøж˵úӣúӡѦүѾӯ
ϢϻѦǲԼˣѦ誵磬ɻڴˣɲǵܵܡҸ£
ѦڴӦȴѵҸչλЩ黹ϤԵһȣʲôʺְλ
Ѧ򣺡ץʸӵҿɲ
Ѧүһǣ㻹ĵģ
ѦʹһȴǵĴҹЦ
һʱ֮䣬ЦϣǱǰҪǢ֡
ð죬˲Ѧ誳Ѧүգգ۾ǲǵȥһ˹˸
ѦЩ˼ȴҲûзϡ
ʢסѦ誵ӵӣӣūŽȥɣūŻź
ѦЦźģɶ̫࣬Ҳ̫ࣿ
ʢڵü֪ηӦ
ѦЦŰοЩӣҾͿԳۡʱȥˡ
ʢЦˡ
ôһ飬Ѧ˸ʱ򣬾͵緹ʱ֡
ӼѦ誽ŵ״Σ󣬴Եȣūȥǵ֮ӣѾ˾ĽͷβôҲǹٻ֮ˣȻ֪ˡ
Զڵվ죬룡
Ȼϣô˹˸Ȼġ
һԸѾȥдԼһСܵſӭӡ
ѦѵȲˣԼ˸šڻԶ굹ͷѦ調һۣص˴˲˶񡣡
˵һ䣬Ųֻͣһ˲̧Ժȥ-ڹԺӣȻ׳·ġ
ԶվҪ˻Ѽ䣬ȴֻѦ뿪ıӰ
Դӽ͹Զѻ˵ףһì֮ܵС
Ժ󲻱ڹԶǰʲôŮТϷ룬ûɣһ棬ΪòĿնȴƺԽԽˡ
ìܣü尾ƵشŶ죬ͻȻѦ誡
մ˳ԪЩУӵһĺЦ鲻ã
Ҳţ˵ͷԼ͹Զ̯Ƶ¶ޱظѦ誡
Ѱ˰ߣüĿӣЩۡ
֪˺ǽԵֵģĸŮҲһתͷƺڵ˵ȥ
Ѧǰ˿ܹĸڣҶԺӼΪ۰һ¡
ǣûУҲǿֻҪúõذԼİˡѦ˵ĿЦ̵ص˵ҡ
ԴӴ˺ú۰ң
ĿɿڴòҪһˣҪʲô۰
Ѧҡͷ˻شƴŸҪ۰
ԣôˣԺ˻飬Ҫú۰ң
ڵغˣ˭Ҫɻ飡
Ŷԭ˴û㰡ԪϣǳԵӵĴף
ҲûУ˵ţЩ飬ȷŵ˲١
Ѧ誴սߣҲòϣϾ
һ٣żϾϲΪҳԴף

75

Ѧ˺һЩšԭһˣôǰôһҪģ
ôһ֣˲١ҲθڣԸȥ緹
ɺܿϲػʳСһŪʳһճĸˣʢúܣ
ϿȥȻͬ
ǰǰշ׼ʳһʳһٿ죬ɫһĶ֡
ңÿһ̶£žʳָ󶯡
ЦЦ˺ʹк
ɣѵǴˣ
޲Ū㶾ҩңôҵĳʳģ
ЩԻؿŹߵӦǹԶꡣ
Ѻ͹ԶǰͳϺıȥ˴㣬Ȼûгɹ
գԼĻ߹ͶԹԶһڴҲûˡ
ˣ˵ʱ˵ֱǸʵڲ䵱Լĸס
ϰԼҹˣҲδ档
үķˡ
Цɽ׸ıƣûңôͻȻ
֪˻ҹң˶ˡ
Ĳ²ʵûԶ;㡣ңҳϣԺҪԴһЩ
үϷʵԴﲻˣ
Զ̾һҷޣαװӡҲЩȥ
Ѧ誳˴ӣ˵һͳ˻ٵԺôճ
⻰öûм޵̼ң˵öˡ
öúãôף
ԶҲΪȻԹΪ۰ŮȻͬ
컯Ū˰̾һ
ǹڳȻҪЦʹôȷþܵѦ誵ۣ
ѵ·Ǹ˶֮
ڹѦˣҲǾŵӡĵزǱܲɢģ
ԻʵѰ˴Ժ󣬳֮ϵƷ΢ı仯
ԭ̫ʦΪ׵ĳǣֳܿɣһΩհһȴѸٵسѦү
ǣԭڼɢѦүȻ֣ϳ³кĹԱһЩ˻̽䡣
үλʲô㣿
ѦүǺЦǲ𣿡
ԱģȴѦүȢӣһӺͺ
ٺ٣Ϳģô꣬εһඣЦüüۣ·ǰи޳˹Ƶġ
У˭ˣ
Աһʧɢˡ
ѦүЦһҵĻûŶ
ʵ۵ĶӿɲһˣǼһȻûʵϲ˵ԺǴѲ⣬ּ֮ǰ˭Ӵ⣬ǾǴ
ɲ鷳
Ȼһ˽С̫ʦ󣬿ЩԭĹԱתȥѦүһ
̬ĲŰ
Щ˼ǻʵΨһĶˣżվˣĿ⣬ܿҪǳڵζ
̫ʦѶٴȥ
ߵſڣͱסȥ·̫ʦ۾һɣˣҲ
һΪһֹ¹̬˵̫ʦˡκ˲ý
Υߣն
̫ʦŭӿҪǿгȥ桰ˢһ°γ˫һõסſڡ
˼ԣȥʹ⵶ӹɡ
̫ʦȷԼûг򣬷ɲȥֻ뿪
ϸ˼ǰʵҲʺ󣬲ʱֻϵģΪʺĸףȫơ
һأԲͬˡ
ѵʵѾ˱˼ԲŻ˲˻ʺ棿
̫ʦԽԽпܣҲ˲ڹжˣҴ
ոյ˺Ժһ˿֮ŮӵĽЦ̫ʦɫһ䣬̤ߵſڣƿŴһ㻹ܣ
ڰƵһҪԼ游æƿˣվЦ游ôˣҪһһ
̫ʦ޵ûӻ˶뿪ߵߣⶼʲôʱˣ㻹ģ
£ʲô
ɫǳ죬Ȼŵĺȵò٣̲ס̫ʦ˸ãľֱѬ̫ʦȥ
һӻˣλδˣ𣿡
һ㶣ڳݲ죬ƾʲôҵģչλܺ͸мָ飿
˼Ȼгģ
̫ʦһưˡ
һǸף׻ʵ۵˼˵ʵʵڲãǻʵΨһĶӣûѡֻ÷Ŷ̫ʦͻʺĶ̡
ӻˣʵѡδĵλɲһˡңЩ̫ʦţȷʵǸɶõ˲š
ȣ˵㣬Ǿһϵƣһǵϵ࣬ûпɱԡ
Цţյܡ
̫ʦˣܣǣĽҵˡ
̫ʦܣһˮѾ˼һá
һȫϣ߾һ游ˣ
̫ʦɫӲٲǾͶûˡ
ѹ游ʲô˼
̫ʦڻʵ۶Դӵ۰˵ܿҪΪ̫ӡü綯֣룡
֣
̫ʦ˵ͷһƬݾƹ
ְŵòᣬ㶵ض̫ʦƺѺߵ϶
ľɵ̫ʦ︡ôһ仰̾һ£ԼĴϸϸؽ
û취꾭Ӫָλأúỵ́Σ
⼸գѦǷʤ
ԪڹϣѦѾôԵؾܾˣЩ̫ǲԼֶŮ-ǸʲôĹ
ˣոðŵѦ誱̫˽е
̫ǰ޳ĴӣЦüüۣպЩģܺáһ
߹̳Ѧ誷ϣȾ˼ַɫ
Ѧ䵭صлҲʳ
ɫһεشͷ
̫Цûϵ˺ü֣ƣɫòģ𣬻һɲ㣬ϲġ
Ѧ誶ϵĵӶ̫ˣ
ʱЩ飬ȸˡ˵գѦ誱ת뿪ʼնδһۡ

76

̧ͷɫӰ˫Ѿˮ
֪Լò˵˵ǾһˣҼҲáǵֶ̫ŮƷѵ䲻
ôÿЫģ
̫̾һкԼߣӱģ¶ã
ø߰ңԴӿ˼
̫ôش𣿡ͷߵģѾ̫𰸡
̫ЦŵͷˣʣµĽҡ
һգȻӵ˹ּ⣬˵̫һ
Դּ̫࣬Щԣ̽ʵǸ̫ټŮν£
̫һб̫˼ӼҿԲ²ģ
˹ﻹʰʰϽӼҽȥɡ̫Щġ̫߱Ƚϵ̣ƽսӴķǸ
ղ֪̫ôˣټһƷСٵŮƫƫּ
Žŵʱ͹۲аͷᣬŲмҵ׵ģһǰˡ
ţԱһСѾʹ˸ɫѾߴӳһĺɰ̫࣬Ц
ࡣ
㶮̫һ渹̣һ˵ɰɫÿ˼֡룬ԹūţΪ˴ӡ
л
Ҳԭ򣬱ϾչԶĹְԶԶ̫עƷס
ΪѦ誣ȴʲô˼أѵҪǰ飿
һ·ϣ룬Ž˹
һƬ̫ڱĿ񣬴ŹĹŮ·ľһ㣬Ҳ
ǣҲҳ͹ڵϣͦñֱ
ƺҪĵϡ
С̫ü˳۵˳ȥûԶŮߴߴ۴ӡ
һŮ˵λӿűǿˡ
ɲһŮȻʮͬ⣬˵ӵĸǳ󣬻ʵ۾Ͳôˡ
˵𾢣䲻ǰվһˣһǸС̫࣬Ůһ·ûˣ
С̫಻ʾźˣ˭·ҳ
⻰ҲԣӸǰźΪ·ŵӣɱͷˡ
ŮҲ˽ﱻզһ°ˡǣҲ͸ɢˡ
С̫ȴ˼
Ů˵úܶ࣬ƣ´Ӿδεˡλ˹˵ʹԵֲǳ
С̫һȳĳȥ
Լ֧Ųסˣ˵жʱ˰ɣȻǰøϲĸ϶ҲĶ𣬲ǴϵĴ
ǵһء
׹ʲôģѶԸˡԺҪѦ誳ɻ飬˵ˣ׾Բ
˼ţӲЩҡҡ׹
ۼµ̫ƼЦһССģûйء
ڴʱͻȻһߴӰ߽ɷ˵طסû°ɣ
ͷˣĿһˡ
Ѧ誣ַϸϸض죬ɫ԰֮⣬ûʲô˴Էġ
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Ѧ課𻰣üĿһƼ߽ʵһֱڵģ̫ĥҲ˵ؿ
ûϵѦ誻ͻȻ֣ĽȻÿһദĻᣬ˲Żƫ߳
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77

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