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1 

ϡĴ伱żżףñͳƵĿøѹ
ԶڽһռԺУʮźµֳŴ󵶣䱸Ѳܡ
ڣֻµӳ£ɫٵòΣ绨ѩֱ޲ɷ
Ȼ˫ó鶯ȴһƬնκιԣټǸͷԣߺµĳɵ飬Ļ޵Ļ棬һûվ
ɺ㻹⣿һͳаһٿ˿д
ֻ˫ɵ̳Ǹ˿ȥֲͣĽǰµĽү¡¡
үΪ˴ҵȻԼϹ͸ɺݳ⣬ɺȻҪ¡ڿӶĴ׳ӣӣЦֺ˼ɵĿֻ
˳㱾ڸ߿ɺһ䣬ɻǴֻ֮ҪɺԼǩ֣ĵһαǿɺġϹһ˫ĵۼڽĳֻȥȴ޶ֻеĺºη塣
һɵǽŮˣûκεô
ѲڣΪβɫȥȡһЩôĶأ
˿ɺ֮ѸٵԼǩ֣ǩȲߵǰһѾͽɪɪֻ˻УСˣɺú۰ġ
үȣȣȽֻǽС׳˿ɺڻУãֻ˫ɵ⿴Ϲɵɵš
ȻϹȴͷһ裬Ҳֻһۣպ󣬱ȥ
ү˿ɺŲֻȥֻȻɵȴҲ֪ԼүŮˣܱţУֱԼץ˿ɺ
˿ɺϾǸģžһƣصĴֻϣֱ۵ֻȥҲ˲ٵѪա
ɺϾԭŮˣǴ˵ŮܴһٴȥɾҪˡϹվЦߵɺǰס˿ɺĶ
ת㽫ֻ§˻УʮֻȥǵѪգԣ󣬱ʱһԷһҲˣʹһȥ𣿡

2 үҪ

ֻϹĻУɵг˺ºͿ־壬Ϲ壬ȴԾҡҡͷҪ뿪үҪ
Ϲüͷ̶ٴĵĺԣ֮󣬱㷿һ£Ҳȥ檷УҲǲ۸㣬ɺã
ҪҪ뿪ү˵ֻ˫ɵСקϹ䣬ͬĺͯĸҪԼһ㡣
ôǻġϹ΢˫ÿĵۣѾʧȥ˽еġ
ԣҪүүҪߡһֻ˵üΪɵǼΪĿ־壬߬ϹҲĽ
ǳɵˣԸǸǰһľ
ҹҩ¡Ϲݣ̵ĽֻƳԼĻĽֻ˫ְ⿪
תſɺ˵ɺֻܸҩǣҩʲôģʲôУǿǧִܶϾة֮Ů˺۵ĻҲةཻ
ɺ֮һЦԭŮ˾鷳
ֻһٵҹȴǰǿֻͽҩĹ뵽ֻС
ҩҪһŻãɺǧҪ̫żϹ˿ɺ
˿ɺȴȲĽֻ˼ϣŴ󲽾߽
үȽֻ˻ƵĽҹԵøľǰһ㡣
ϹͶ䣬Į
ֻ㱳Ϲ͵͵뱾ʱӦ뵽н죡
ֻ˿ɺ³˿ɺѾȲѴãȴʼնûлᣬڻ̵ס
Ů˾Ȼҧɺ˿ɺҪֻǼʱȴ䲻ıֻݺݵҧһڣϵһⶼҪֻҧˡ

3 Խ

߳ŭ˿ɺסֻͷһƣǲ룬һʵ̫أСֻϣݲһոŵĻǶ
ǽֻصˤڼӲʯͷ·ϣڵϹ˼Ȧ֮˵·Աߵɽ£һɵһ¾ʧҹС
ֻ˼ûɢϵʹҲʧоˣȻʱͻȻײһӲѪӷ˿͸ˮһڶůʯϡ
ȵ忪ʼ΢ĺҲʱֹͣ
ǸŮ˸ɺһ˿ɺԼҧ˵֣ŭɶ
ģԭŮôô鷳Ըôôң
һ͵ը죬ˮӼеĵ
һνһΣֻŲҰ׵ϡ
ʹѪҺ֫ٺʹÿϸÿԾ
ԭŢϵʬ壬ʱȴͽȻ֪
ʹֻȻ˫ԼϵĴʹΪԣֱ۵ֻѿ졣
ʹġ
ֻǲСĴҽԺ¥ˤѣΪʲô
ֻ˼̫飬һûɵȱڴܳһѻǻʼӣһ·ȼ֫ٺ
ǱˮδϣȴȻⲻȡ
ʱһһĹȥǹȾͬһһ㣬ںֱײһ֮һ㣬ϸʹҲû
˼ʼ翺ͻĶһ¡ҪһˣʮеҪһˡ
ֻ˲ſϵŻ
ֻҡҡͷѵĽܵͷѹȥƬ̵£ֽԶһ֧һðһػ⣬Ҳġ
վǱŢ壬˫ȳǸȥ
˶һźɫ׵ǧվҹУӵ
ܱܿߵʿȫ
ڣһϮīɫۣɫߵ˫ϣסеѨʼ˹ˡ
ֻǾɢۻ롢ȴ˲׿

4 

ǧɨһܣȷǾ԰ȫ֮أûܹ֮󣬱Ҳ뿪˲Զ
һֻŢȴȲƿʵ
ϵﵥֻסҪλļȻȵĿ¡
ֻһ˷ϵĲܲ˵ĽˮС
Ĳˮ˳źеӿθԭȵļƬ̵ˬǲãǹɳȱٴξ
ȣȡֻȥץϵڰ𪾢ϵĴӣǸѾûжˡ
һŤͷ䣬ֻһ˫ʯ˫޴Ĵһ㣬
˫ǣ裬ȴȻ޾ӭš
ˣʱÿϸÿ񾭶ڽţš
ͣʵĺҲںţȥ˵˸ֹʰɣ
ֻе˼Ƕ˲ʧһĨĵЦ⻺ֻ޵ſ
ɫߵˣֻɢϵѳԼʱ˫ҹ˫
ŮеŴζȴԽԽŨĸ˵ıϢ䡣
ɢϢ䣬ÿһκ䶼˵֮⡣
Ǵʱֻļͬзڵˮһ㣬̵ÿ¡
ֻдʱϵȲŵڡ
ҩĴ߶£ֻʧң֪Լ˭֪ǰжΣգΨһľҪ˸οϵÿһ缡ļʵõ㡣
ΪȫѨ⣬ȲܶҲ˵Ψһľ۾˴ʼնû˫˵ĺ
ɫµݿƼΪƽûκεĲƤԼľ֤˴˿ڼ͡
֪Ů˽ѹ¡
ֻȶֱ׾һ㼱е˵ÿһ缡ϣԵĴһ˿⡣

5 Ҫ

˴սֱϵɲ͹ٹ˶ãͿǿԽ⿪ϵѨ
Ũصĺ˲ǻӱϢ³ŨҵɱʹڵձøĹ죬Σоһ˿ӡڿи
ȻſϵֻȴһûзΣգԵǴССɲ˺ۡ
׾Ǵ˵ıһ·£ȴζ
˵Ѿﵽ˼ޣսѾľ
ʱһ飬ĸоѸٵĴϴһδĸоһֵֺĸоһ·Ϣжһ˿˵壬泩֮⡣
ٿһ㽫ֻѹ˵£˫īĺͫһͷŭʨ㣬̼ͽС
ֱã籩ͣЪ
ֻ˯˹ȥһֻص޹Сèһ㣬ȥǰ
˶ֻ˼ĺġ
ֲɢֻϵͷʱžɫٵ˺ɫͫ͵þҵһ¡
һŨźѸٵɢ
ֻȻ㣡
ص͸ķ϶ӳʱֻһɲļ䣬ˮް㳯ӿ
ԭԽˣԽһͬͬյŮϡ
ԭˣة֮ŮһŮ֮ơ
ʮʱ㱻ӿУΪ˻ڶĶϱȻĸԭȴǼΪϲغԸĸݵ΢
Ա͵͵ĺͻʺ
Ϊ˰ӵһʾãܹԼ޸ӣʵӲ˾ȥɳǡ
ûãɳǴجģйͻȻϮˣݣһΪһˡ
ʱԭһףԭܵһӸԼĸ˵˻ϣּ˻顣
һǻʺݹصӣһةฮŵһ˳ƺŵǧС㡣
˼ֱһԡ
Ǿڳ׵ԭȴһ˸°ˣֱڶű˸˻
ԭ׻ڣȴʧŮҪҲӣҲڵĽܵĳ裬оԼȢŮȴһֻŪЬ
һҹ֮ԭ̬ȷ˷츲صı仯
ԭԭȵİȫ
֮ǰ˵鰮µɽ˺ģȫһĭ
ԭĽ䣬һһ檵̧Щ裬
һʱԭõ䵽˵ŸԭĵһŮΪ˺ļ
ȻȴһֻϰҵĻţλһֻ硣
񣬽ȥһۡ
ӣԭһ꣬ڵʱԭıĥһɵӡ
ΪɵӵԭӶӣʱ²壬ϷŪ
һЩ˾ֱӸιʳ
ʱ궼δۿһ۵ĽүȴͻȻ˽óԺúȵź
һеĿģҪ͵˿ɺĴϣΪһֽԼѡ

6 а

ԭеļֻ֮̾һԭļ䣬ֺ
֪˵һжԭȡ
Ǹúһ½ǸͷβĴУԭ˶Ǹȡ裬һжԷȨƣһ˶Էò
ǽУԭ˽һҹ֮󣬾;ԼֻЬҲͰˣȻԭɵ֮󣬻Ҫԭ͵һ˴ϣȥȡνһֽԼ
мֱɳܵһ磬ôԭҲýȢţȻԼȥ˯
ֻҪƿڴ
ʱƿһ޳˶ӳ˽ɫĹɫţź⡣
ֻˣһ±㴫˺ѰʹļȻĳֻԺС
һĨѸٵֻӣޱ˫ֽסֱֻץôôùһԽ顣
꣬Ȼ֮ñû뵽ͳɤͷƺܵȴһε֮˾úһֻε֣סĺһ㡣
ˣʶʶ
ԳƱִɫߣֻһ뵽ЩСС˺ۡ
䡱һֻоԼԴҪըһ㡣
ȻѣյɳǵӣҲηսа
ֻоԼҪϢˣȫÿëһӽŵĴ
ŷޱֶʼ
ȻʹӪУϣ
ȥɳǣŻݣ߻һΪˡ
񡭡ѲǸغָӵˣһ̡׺ݣŷɥа
ԭһ˰ˣʲôȻҪ㶥ڹ
ʱ䣬Ӹ߸ϣ׷ةฮǧΪ˿۵ļ
ȴǴӲܻϳ谮ݵķ˳Ϊսһֻ׺ݡηǡ
겻ʱ䣬㽫߹ַҹĵйɾССսٴΣȴδ
Ǵ˵ǹƥй˾Ӫµйͷ­ȫ˵漣
Ӵսڱ߾ֱйŷɥ

7 ǰʶ

սҵİչ˰ȵӡ
һķչ̶óףԭ˥ľãһٵķʢ
ڱ߾аֱշΪĿе޲еϰη
һϢ뾩ʦٹ𾪶־㵣ϸǱϢúðŻع
ּΪƷͷΪа
ֻתʵ̫ͻȻҲֻһаֲսĳƺš
ҡʶ㡣ֻſڵ
ִҽֻةฮǧֻʶûκεĹϵ
һĨЦڱĴӿ纮٣ܹһжһ㣬ɫˮĴϹ
ǵģֻĶȴ̩ɽ֮ء
ҡʲôǵˣҡҲ֪˭ֱֻʧ䣬Ȼõ̫࣬ǹð
С㣬Ĳǵñ˭𣿡ϹаŴĳֻ߽ǹۻƣ糱ˮ㽫ֻΧ
ֻʶսޱе֣󻺻̧󵨵ӭ˫ĵףһ˵Ҳǵˣʲôǵˡ
Ϲǻȼ͸ΣգֻĲǵ
Ǽ㲻ǵˣܴǰһûз
롣Ϲỽһ
һһɫ۵С̫˽жһճҩֻĸǰ
ҪҪô죿ȻֱӶ
ܱȱĥã
ԭڹʵ̫ˣǱ

ǱҩϹɵ˵ţ
ǵͳɤȴܸһεѹ
ֻ˹\֭ճҩһ˸ɾϾԼǸҽҩĿɬܵ˵ġ
ֻ֮һε̧ЩĿϹҿ𣿡
һٵĸԼԼִֻǹŴֻ֮ĶԹûκιϵǸ·ġ
Ϲȴа˹Ĺ˫ȥĶ
ҡҲ֪ҾҲӦֻϹʵʵ˵
ǲӦϹ˵ţһīɫɫ߽Ϲ߶̬ڵʢһɫǼȻˣͲ׵뿪
Ϊʲôǰʶ𣿡ֻ΢΢üСҲܺš
ţԣֻҪԼͺˡ

8 Ǳδ

ʶϹһ˫ĵĶֻ
ǡ˭˭ʲôϵָָֻԼָָϹһ˫ˮ˫һƬĳγȾκʡ
ͺһδŮѯʲô
ϹҲʮĵĻش𣺡ֻة֮ŮϹӣʮʱ˱δޡ
δޣֻȣһ˫鶯תţղ˵ʲôҼ꣬ʲô˼
ֻΪϹὫе˵һ飬֮ǰƭȻΪ˵ʱת޸ˡ
ϹȴǵƵ˵ûʲô˼ֻҪ֪Ǳδ޾ͺˣҲ˷֮ʵԱȢΪġ
ֻƺЩ̫Ŵ˵˼άˣ⡭ϹԴǲ㶺ˣ
޸ˣݣΪˡ
Ȼ˵ҪȢ
үòƻŰɣôȢ
һŮǧ̸
ֻ⻰νãѵô飬ӶİȻûһ˿һĸı
Ҳǵ𣿡Ϲֻһ㵵飬ƽš
ֻҡͷǣֻΪʲôôᡭ
Ļֻ˵ˡ
ҩӦǴӺɽйġϹʱҲֻ鵽Щ㻹ǵʲô
ֻ͸ɴֱӴԼԽ˵ɣҾͼǵãʱ򣬸оȣ񣬻⣬˽
ֻô𣿡Ϲֻ˵֮ڡ
ֻͷȻף̱㴫һʹ
ȺúϢȥоҽ˵ų˱߳񣬳صĹϹ޳ıӰϣһ˿ͺĮ
һõͷͻȻֻԺС
Ӷ̬ȣǰӶԴ̬ȣֱ֮
ǸʱÿμʱСģǴżֺãԼ˵һˡ
ʮֵںֻǲСıһСӣӶĽţ׷۲ۣҪҪ̫ҽ

9 а

ڵأ˵δޣҪȢΪ̬Ⱥ˵ȴĮ뵽˼
񣬾͸һӲʯͷһ㣬ûκεĲͬһ̶ˮ㣬ţͬʱҲɲ⡣
ⲻǶźĸ飬ȢΪһֱıɣ
ԶפӪİ֮⣬һϮ۵Ϲһͷĸߴƥϡ
΢ůĴ紵ϹſƥϣɢԺīɫ˿УһϺõˮīһ㣬ǧƽԭ֮С
ϹĵۣбϬĹâ
ľģƬ̵Ĺ򶼵ȲˣȻôȲҪֻ
ֻҧһڣ˿ɺ߳ŭĽֻһҹûҵֻӰ
ʱɫֻλжϣֻǰľӪ֮С
Ϊ̵ǣפľаµֻҪ뾩ʦܻϵͺͲ⡣
аǰֻͱѵӣ
үĻа𣿡ҹʵ
еĵطѱˣֻаӪУԼ˳ˡϹΪĿ϶
ֻ꣬ˣˤɽʱѵģҲ߲˶Զ⸽Ҳûʲô̡
ֻаӪУֻ
ǰȡаĻԼ޸үаУ֪аζԴǰаζԴֻеﶼ
ȥˣаҲǴǰǸºʵˣζԴֻ⵹ȷǸδ֪
ɱֻߣϹһµɫƥ˵⣬ǰӪȥ
ӪУҽֻһһʮλϻɢ֮Ϲ
ԣʧ䣬ʲôǵˣϹ౨Ƴ˹š
ǣȫصƱǺǿѾòҩˣ˿ܻк֢ҽ˵üΪϿҡ
Ȼһȴ䲻ĳҽȥֱŵҽ
ĽϹϵ౨䡣

10 Ǳ

ҽ˫һǣǳһʱү
ȥɡϹĴһ˫Ŀ¡
ҽ˳ȥ֮һԵܼұһȲ˵ϹǰүǴ㡭С£
Ϲ˳ḧűϵ·ҹһƬıɫԲ²ʵ뷨
ãаְӪ𣺡Ǳġ
үǴСǰô𣿡ܼǿϹģǸϹֻ֮顣
֮ǰԴСôãǴСأ͵͵ǳԷ㣬֮ǶӣϲС㣬ǴСһϲү㰡ܼҿνʹļףԴǰүӲ䡣
һԸʴȵӳΪһݾϣŷɥǡ
˼ҲԽԲ²⡣
˵үݾԸӦûֱɱǸѡүֻôүȴҪֻ
֪ԭǱġܼϹ߶꣬һߣϹԴܼʮֵĿ
еļᶨȴܹ׺
ūү֪꣬үεϲС㣬ǣүϲĴСѾΪ˽ǽүŮˣѵүӽүнСҪ𣿡ܼҡͷüͷ
д⡣Ϲɵġ
һʱܼҾ֪˵ʲôãֻòס̾ҡͷ
үʲôضˣô˹عˣ
үүˣ˵ҽġʱһС˽
ɡϹƿǣһĵĲƮɢ̵ҶƬƮڰ״ɵĲ豭УǴ⡣
ӡлƵƿһ۵Ŀӣ˵˽
Ȼλһīɫۣɫߵʱ
ϹӪʵĲɶ˶١
аĴţϵĴ뾩ʦʲôսʲôǶıʲô׺ݣбȵȡ
ЩôܻǸӶغϣ
ǵ߽ӪʱһɰƱӵĳԼϮ
ǵǸʲϲ۸ҲҿϹ

11 

ܣͳϹĴ³ôĸ֮
ʲôֻȻĺŲ裬ȴȻһӵĸо
ԭŶģ겻ĴһӶغӳΪһη
ǰϹǾԲӵͬ˵
ȴ㹻ʱΪƷֻƷ
֣겻ֵı任ʵ̫󣬾óܲˡϹ΢΢ףȻȴǻһĨ塣
ǻʺӣ˻ϣ˭ܹ񣬼аƷϹȴɸ߰ĲԸ
ΪУаԶǸ裬ѹȵӡ
Ϲһ˫ҹ˫עϹ俪ڣܵǺǰһ񣡡
Ϲ˫עӣĺ紵˽ŵײһɺ⡣
Ϲס˫֣ǷǷŭ̡
ϹΪƷλã뿪ʦ꣬͢ûһϯ֮ء
Ϊٳսһ
ֻҪ뾩ʦģ
֣ܴ˴ǽӱġϹֱӿżɽ˵
ܣǲŪˣôڱľӪУϹĵĿڣԼԼ֮䣬͸¶һ˿
ϹֱҪŭˣС˵־ոձΪƷںͬ˵
֣ةฮǧֻأҲʶϹƵĿڡ
ϹȴһЦȻȴû˿¶ȣȻǱδޣȻʶ
ǰڽǱǲǲ㽫Ϲҧ˵
Ȼ棬ǵĳƺֻ
ʲôʱ˵ڱϹĵķʵһ˫˫аĿϹ
Ϲ޵ҹ·ϹλãñפӪĵطѵ뽫Ѻɣ
ʲô֤֤ѺϹһˣбϹʱˤʱܲȥңȴһܵľӪҪˣܣ㲻ܿ𣿡
ʱֻˤȥʱ˿ɺȻȥˣǵפﲻԶľӪʱ˿ɺڸҼȥ

12 ĥ

㡭Ϲʵƿԣʱ֪Ϣʱȷ˹Ѱҡ
ȴı¶˿ɺ˽Ϣŵ˿ɺ뿪˾ʦԶŸ˳Ѱҡ
Ϲ˱ӵĿ⣬Ϲ飬Ϲʹ׷ȥĽ˿ɺ˽Ի
ҪͲˣʲôʱ֤ݣʱҪ˰ɣ˵Ϲ䣬뿪Ӫ
ϹܿϹǾ仰˼ֻȷľӪ֮У׵Ľֻ
һֻʱҩϹ֮Ѿ
Ϲ߬ȭͷ֨֨ͷͷ֮ĦĴ죬ŵӪоôëȻ
ϹȻ㻹ֻ飬ͱֱֻһض÷
ֻҽҩ֮󣬱˯˹ȥʱ洫һ϶˵ֱֻĶС
룬źүʮ꣬ү˼ȴԽԽ²͸ˣ˵˵үΪʲôҪСߣѵСǰүЩ飬үԴСҪ֪ΪС㵱һ仰үŲξģһûˣ⣬ܼʹϧ˵š
ϣȴ͸¶ŶϹĹġ
ܼң㲻żү˵𣿴С㱾ģүСߣûʲôԡߺүԴСΣǾͲ֪ˡСİοţۣȴǾ
ܼһүԴ󣬱ò̡һӻȻ
룬㵽źүˣү˼һҪүǧټƵĽСǾպĥС㣡
ЦƿһһٵӰӪС
ܼһֱֻ޲õӽ
үðΪͷΣأӲүһźɫƣΪ˺Ӱͨǽүƭȥɳǲξ
үΣϢ֮󣬱ʥּ˽
ݶŮˣүϲֱ꣬Ϲүۣ
뿴ܼæܼȰһߣܼңͱˣǿ콫үҪĶȥɣ
ܼ˲ĻеŭͲһүԸҪĶ˳ȥ
ʱͷһ˯еֻ֮ƿ뿪
һֱãֻŻ˫ٵ˫
šͨͨͣࡣ
ϲһ꣬ͷεĶǸ˲Ƣһ͵͵ŮӽΪ˺ǸŮһʱ䳤һ͹ڲƭȥΣķս
ڵ֪ԼܻΪһֲʱûֻƬĹģתͶһŮӵĻҴսĵĽǸŮӸӭȢ˼š
ʣ깦͹֮ʱĻ׵ˡǸ
ȻᣬǸ֮ΪѪԵؿһ
ԣϹôܻԭ᲻ȥ
ϾһУͣ
ҪʱȴĽһ߿תͶ˵Ļ׶ĵһ
Լ࣬£־壡
ո˯ŵʱһΣȫϹĵεΡ
ʱߵһ仰ǣСҪ
ʲôͲԶôһ仰ΪͱСİ
ԭĶ𣬱檡۸ʱԭҲϹĺãҲİûڹܹڸһλᣬһúõĶԴϹ
ʱ䲻ᵹϹҲ֮ǡ
ֻ̾һ̿ɻɻ
ǸϽôϹħѰɣȻϹĥġ
һְ¹ҹ֮ϣůĴïʢӲݣʻķ㣬Ǵζ
ֻӪĵϣʱŷ룬һ⻬ʯͷϣһķһɫ
ѾھӪܵļƻˣΪӪνǱɭϣֻ۷䶼ɲȥ˵ˡ
ʱĵط뿪ǸطѱصʿΧʱʱľѲ߱·ǲõˮ©
ϹԴ֮Ҳûгǰ
Ҳ⡣
ֻ˼ʱȴǰĺ˸ߺˮˡ

13 

ΪһʥְҽֻͶԼС룬һ·СŹȥ
ˮʿѾΪ˲ٵĺˮӱĳѾûʶ
һʿϢ֮󣬱˵ˣûˡ
ÿÿʱֻȺſˮʿǰˮʿıǻͿǻ֮󣬱㰴ѹˮ͵Ķӣˮѹ
ûзӦֻ˫ֽ棬ˮʿิա
ֻһϵоٶΧʿһãȻֻͣİѹˮʿ壬͸оڶʬһֲذ㡣
㡭Ǹʲô˶ˣ㻹ˮʿҪõһʿͻȻ˵˵űֹֻĶ
Ļ͸ҹֻڿνֶ룬ĻʱǸʿڶˡ
ֻͣİѹˮߵĿǻͱǻвͣˮвٵŻ
ֻһֱ˼¶ûзӦͷԥסˮߵıӣʼĽ˹
һٶֱһԵʿɵˣȫù𾪵ֻ·ֻһ㡣
һŮˣȻô˵ȥһˡ
ŮҲ̫֪߳˰ɣ
ֻиŬ£ˮ˷Ӧ³һˮ֮󣬱ʶصĿԣš
ΧһԵʿһֲ˼ֻǻ٢ıһ㡣
ֻظ̱ڲݵϣֻɬֲ˲ǰĺˮ֮󣬱ҲùЩʿ𾪵
ᴭ㳯ԼԷʯͷȥ䲻оһĵ׷
ֻعͷʵɫ£ֻȴʲôûпǴɣ
ڹ⻬ʯͷϣֻķˣ΢ƤĽֻڶһ˿ֻ׵ϡ
ֻ¿ӣָ½һƷ˿˶󣬿ǸչֱΣֻʧȥġ
ֱתŷ磬ôͷ䡣
ȻֻתʱֻһϮɫ˿ߵĽ绺Ĵֻǰ
ֻ̧ͷŶ¹ɫߺȻֻǰ
үΪϹͻȻֻ֣ܵ˲ٵľţո⻹û˵ġ
Ϲַסֻܵŵ壬˵ŵˣ
ɲŵļȶˣǿԵġ
үôͻȻ󣿡һоûС
ϹֻǻմŷϣڸոǸʿȴһں
ոЩ˭ģ
ֻתһӣô˵ղŲĻþһ˫۾ڶ
ҡҲ֪ԴͻȻĳôһ뷨ֻ룬ʧãʧܵġ
ʧˣҲʲʲô
Ϲֻ߽һһֻ˵ĸоΧס
ΪʲôҪ֪֪ʲôӰ죬Ǳδޣ
ϹĻ͸¶һ˿Σա
ףﴵ˵ʱôô࣬Ǹʿȥֻʮ꣬ôСҪˣ˸öİֻһԵ˵֮󣬱̽˵ҪǾӰǾȡ֮ĻԼˡ
ţȡ
Ϲֳעֻʧ˻ıһ˵ı
ǰֻɲںôһС
ǲ˵Ļ
˵öԣ˱ʿôʿӦúúõĽǡͳߴϹĴ³Ȼ˷ֲʱ
ͣļٵģֻ̧ͷ¹˫鶯ں˫УӳƬǳ󺣣ҫš
ԣ˵ǱΣϹŵĻشһĨȣЦȴִżа
ŴΪΨһĽͨߣҪǲĻô·⿿
ֻϹڿЦ˵ͷǺãү˽ɣ
䣬Ϲȴỽһ룬ȥǣһƥ
үھ𣿡ֻһƬɫô˻ǲеΣգ
šϹһ
ܿ첻ǣһƥȫڵĸͷ
ֻȥƥȴƺֻֻ˺ߣͽԴתȥˡ
ȥɡϹ֣ս
ҲҪȥֻ

14 

ֻȴʱ˵ү᲻ͻȻҸˤ
ֻûϹǺ޵Ҫ˭֪᲻ˤͽһ
ڻϣɫôڣһҪˤˣָȥ
С㣬Щѵصľôܻˤأūŷȥǣ߼Ȧϰϰԣūڽô˵ű㽫ֻһϣǺÿЦݡ
Ļֻ˲٣ڲĲ£ֻӣҰһ±ø
粻˵ѵصģˡ
ǣĳǰĿյȥ
տʼֻЩţǼȦֻ֮㿪ʼЩԾԾԣҪˡ
򵥵ĸֻһҪ죬ֻȲһȻһµͿʼС
ֻһȦ֮󣬱㿴һϮɫ۵Ϲۻĳ˹¹ϵɫϣĺ⡣
ץϹǵͳͻȻƮֻĶС
ûֻӦžһصĳƨϣµ˻һ㳯ǰɱȥ
ͻȻٱܵú׼ֻһ
ĹԣֻǳѸٵĳǰȥɳ۵ķӶ߹ι
ҡҡ׹ֻıסĲӣһܴˤһ㡣
ͷȥϹ㿡ݵˣͦεվ¹£ŵǰ޷ҫۡ
ֻ˫˫һĨ⡣
֪ϹôܻĵĽνĽͲǶһֳͽѡ
ҴͷβǸֻôôעˣûиôͣ
ү°ɣվϹ۵ſŽʧҰеֻЩǵʵ
ϹǺϾĵͷŪűŪ䣬˵ǧںţӦòʲô¡
ŤԴϹӦòʲô£
࣬ץסˤϹһķƵ
Ӽ۵ˤҲСϼˡ
үҲ湻ڵģ
һϹᴵһڣʱīȾĺҹУһƥƺҹĻڶ
Ҫ۵Ϲǰʱʲôһ㣬ǰڵҹճ˻һ
ϵֻܱĲӣץеǵͻȻͣסڿնʱ
ѱճһӡ֣ûץ
ֻǱҡҡ׹һ¾ʹˤ
ֻǽصײӲʱһʱʹֻ˵һžµݽ
ϹߵֻǰŵĶмһɺ⣺ȻΪ˾ȱʿŮбȻǱδޣм֮ףվȨǸСѵǻ´α㣡
ȻܵǻȴǸĺ塣
ֻʹѵ壬ּһʹ
ԭνĽ;Ǵ
ǰСĵĽֻ𣬵˵С㣬ү㰡
ֻĵЦ⽨˸ͲŮ˵˿ǵԼһ˽ڽУκ˹ۿ
Ϊ˸°һҹӴ˾ͽ֮ġ
Ϊ˾ˣǸСʿĴаֱӹˤҪһѵ
Ŵ˷һдֱа
תȥĶӰֻ˵һдžǿͲ
ڻ»ʹѧΪ뿪ͷ̡ǡ
ˤ˭֪һλ᲻Ὣ߽ѣ
Ϲͣ½ŲתŨīֻϣƽûκεĲ
Ϲһߵֻǰʱһ̣ͽֻ
ʲôȥҪԼֻ̾š
ˤһ
ˡϹһޣµ㿪ʼƽֿ̹ĲݵϷɱ
ֻŵþУǼϹεȦڻУ´ĵк͹ιߵķ֮⣬κεΣա
ֻǿŽŲҲķ
ӡɡϹٴδ
ֻپǵкһЩҲôˡ
޲ÿµܵٿһźá
үǲͦҵģֻתͷϹ
ɫ߽ߣƺıǼֻҪȴȻֻһңɼĸо

15 ¿ʼ

ԦϹһסɳ۵̤ͣ㣬ڲݵš
ΪʲôôʣϹ΢΢ڣ嵭ȵϢֻϡ
һָоֻתңүһҡ
˵յĻֻǾ£Ϲǰ
£ȷûдбĳɷ
үɲԸ˵һ£ǰ飿ֻҪ֪Ϲôġ
ƾԲҪĥ
һ㶼ǵ𣿡Ϲڵסֻͺһεļֻסһ㡣
ֻװһ£ᶨҡҡͷС˵ֻǵ顣
ϹĹĴֻߵͳȻ˵Ǿ͵ǰδ¿ʼ
¿ʼֻЩ˼תͷϹ˫ͬžĺ
ǣ¿ʼ͵ǵĵһϹĴһһϣЩаζ
ԣָоԣ
ôܻ׵ķŹôܻᵱǰδأ
ֻһεתȥƾĳħ㣬񾭣ȥţ
˫ôģôƽȫһ˿һ
Ҫʲô
ֻöû˵˵˼̫̫Ѳˡ
ǡ˭µҩүʱ˵Ǿ仰ʲô˼һ֪ǰ顣ֱֻͦץеӡ
Ϲ˵Ǿ仰ʱоһΣյĴſ
˵ĻһɵӻҪɵĴˣ
Щ޸֮󣬱ٸ㣬𣿡Ϲһ͵ֻڻеԴһ
һֱԱ֮ʩ
ûв´ĻϹᱨĥܺãܺá
ȥ԰εʱ̵ĳȥ
ôģͻӱķ
޸֮󣬱ǱĿʼ
Ǹʱ֪ǰ飬Ѿ޸ˣѾûκѡغ·ˡ
ֻܴεСȥֺȡԭ¡
ȻʹϹΪƵУһٳһֱҲʱ¶Ѫһ棬̶ĶԴĥ
뵽⣬ֻ岻һ
ôˣǲе䣿ϹĵֻĶУûֻо˿ůһ
ֻ˵ͷһ
Ȼֻ룬ϹĴֽСסӵ뻳Щ𣿡
ϹкӦõģ뱨ҲȻġ
Ǹֻ֮УҲǲıóѣ
ү㲻˵Ůб𣿡ֻ΢΢˫ĹϹĻһ¡
Ůб𣬵Ǳ쾭塣ϹĿЩԵֻĶȴȻô䵭
ŶǻûаóװֻǵúŴŮǶ˻飬Ҳôܰɣ
뱾˷֮ʵϹɤͳֻϷ顣
ֻҧҧ
˭ӪȥãΪʲôƫƫܵӪȥ
ձ֮£øּͻ飬¸ʮǸѵõĺӡϹĵǰе
µĵתͷʱ·ȥ
ֻˣһƬ𾪡
ǲǽһŮôܶޣôܻͻ飬ⲻȫµ˿Ц
Σֻû˵Ϲִһ顣
Ҿǲеִ̫ٺżˣֻɲԼ޸Ϲ
޸ܰίġϹĻƶǸصİգֻʼ
Ϲη־פɳǵ䣬֪Ϊ͢˶ٺѪͣɽӽ
˵ڵȨ죬ϿܶҪɵ֡
ϹһټֵĻ˵Ļּͻ顣
ֻԽԽһаǱؽһҪӳȥˡ
ʱʮͻȻǰǰΧסŵĳ¹·ĺ⡣
ֻӦͷĺ˱㳯ֻϮ
ϹȻϣһֻһֻֻסֻʣں˵Ĺû˿Ķ

16 ɱ

ֻĻһǧ£ҹɱһýݵӰת䣬һ֧㴩͸ֻϮĺؿڡ
ʱѪҺؿݵϡ
ֱͦͦĵȥȫ׼˺˵ţһʱŨصѪζ
һϹĮĶ仰㵭Ȼǰȥ
ֻԭΪһ⽣Ӱɱǵǵĺˣᱻ֪
û߶ԶɱСȥŷ·һжָԭȵļž֮У¹׷ǣɲĴǵϣķ˿
ǲڱϢѪζֻĻΪղʲô鶼ûз
ֻҪͷȥϹȴһ§ֻߵͷŵġ
ֻǿѪҺʬ塣
үǴֻ̿ͣ侲ΪһҽЩѪеʬ塣
о־ϹǾ䡰һ
˵仰ʱôķƵûκεĲ۾ûգһ¡
ʮʻֻʮһ㣬Сֵ΢
ϹѪĮֻȫһ󷢺
ǡ
䣬һ˳ֻǰһֻĿŵĳϿһӡǡ
ǸӡڽߵһŵĵϿ
Щǽģ
ֻĿǺ˵ĳԼϹȻûκεĶ
ֻҪܵʱ򣬷ǰѳǳԼġ
һϹĳ䲻ıһ䡣
ǧֱͦӰֻǰ˹˼֮е佣Ҫ˵ĺ
ǧ¡Ϲȴʱסǧ¡
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ӣűˣǶԱһӣϹĻ˵꣬ǧе佣㾫׼Ĵ˺˵ĺ
ʱʺѪҺɽ
һ˫ھ㵵˫ĵϹ
ֻҲһĴ㵣˫͵һ¡
ǧ£ŵˡϹɵġ
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ξͰˣ´βҪŻɱˡϹƮƮһ仰ͷֻĶ˵£ȥ˯һͺˡ
үǾ仰˼Ҫߵ𣿡ֻƬ̣ǿԼָ侲׵ĹһƬ
ǵϹһֻ϶ȥȣȴٲȻΪһĹ֡
ڲһ죬ǿı㱻Ӳĳ
Żɾ͡
˵жµһʯһһĵǸϵλá
ֻ汾û˵š
ôүֻʮֵĲ⡣
Ρ
򵥵֣ȴֻǧѣȫѪҺ·𶼱סһ㡣
ôô䣿ȥòˮúõůһůֻϵ飬Ϲ۵ףϹֻǵһЦĴֻ˫С֡
ڣ֪ϢϹһƱ㽫еɲ豭飬ĵǺ壺Ϲã̫ˣ㾹Ȼȥȫɱˡ
ԴӾӪ뿪֮󣬱һֱ˶˾ӪĶ鿴ֻǷϹС
ȻֻϹУϹƺֻ¾еԽֻ
ԭֻʱֻҲûҪȥɱϹȴȥİȫɱˡ
Ϲ˱Ҽ£պȻǧٱĳ
ү˿ɺˣ˵һ֮ڽ͹ȥ㲻Լ˵ҹһϹǰ
ǸĻֻϹһŭһƬ
ǣ˿ɺ˵ֻҪκŮ˶Сҹ˵
Ϲֽսһɼֱһһ͹Գµ¡
ڶգԴٹվڳ¥ӭа
ĽֵϸǼǰӭаӵˣһаķɣĲʴʻƮ
ʦĴŴ򿪣аͳʵưڽֵʱİջţȸԾš
аԶɳǣǹаĴȴ
ڰյĻʹӵ£Ϲһƥ׵Ĵ֮ϣһϮīɫսۣյϵİöɫϣһ㵭Ľƣ˫ҹ˫£·̲һɻصƣŵµȺ

17 

ɢһۻݵ֮ƣ֮أϰ޲ߺаš
ֻУڶĸߺͻӭҲ֪ʱаνǷռͷ
ǰϹżӣ·ǰɳǡ
Ϲѫ׿Ļص˾ʦܵ˵հߵݡ
ҫΰڶʱڲܹԽ
ݳɾͶǰǸӦõĴ𰸡
Ȼ⻶ȴҲżһ
ǵةฮǧӰҲ֪ǸĽ󲻺ڣ
ǰ˵׵챻°֮󣬽ү䵭һ檽һ̧˶ûõϢҪ˶ýүͻὫ˰ɣ
ֻ˵ǸŮ˻ãӶϲƵģΪȥɳǲξɵ˵ӳˣ̾ת޸˽ӹ͵Ļˣʲôȥӡ
һһͣ͸ֻĶС
Դֻֻ΢΢һЦǲǸøлΪ˼ةŮݣԶŰ裬ûддȥ
Լ͵͵д׵ţûһ⵽׵С
Ǹ۰ĸ׻İһΪŽʳʹӳȺɡ
ڶ»ֱӳΪԻȻ쳤˲ӵſϷ
߹Ľֵֻ֮ûиʳǣǹһڣ˻ϸոʹĸۡ
ֻ˴һɨõ֮󣬱Ҳûˡ
򿪴ָܼˣɨʰŵ
İʮǣæÿȻ죬˭Ҳעⲻ˭
²ܵĴʱ
ֻһվڴǰעһЩӦöǸոģ˭Ҳʶ˭ΨһѶԸľܵ
ٰѾߣЩҪɹµǻһ𣬾ͿĴ߳ȥ
ȻͻةฮĸףֻҪһһʮĸة˵ةඨȻὫ
ȷһ֪ĽߣһеĶԹҲ޹ˣ
ֻһĹ𴽽ǡ
ţһľɨԺӵѾôֻԱ߹
ֻЦųѾ֣Ѿ߼״Ҳ̸ֻ߽ڡ
ֻ㴩һ˵黨·Ѿߵķ٣϶ľ˳
Ժűµǻһ
ֻȺ󣬵ͷһżʱֻص˿
ֻûɶã㷢Ѿ궼ûпһˣʦĽֵסլѴеľʦԶ
ֻãϡҵͨةฮĵ·
˭ֻĿةฮĺţһİС̽ͷ
ة˵ġ
ֻĻû˵꣬С˾ͲͷĻӻ֣Ϊ˭Ǵ˾ͼĳѾͷ
ֻͭԼӣǴͨѿķ٣ȴ٣ֻ⽫Լˡ
ʱӣǻһŴ룬һ˫ÿ˫Ϳһ㵭ɫ̥ǣüëҲĸ֣ʱҪж
ةŮҽȥֻһ˵
Сһˣ㣬ҲԼӣҼҴСǿĵһˣ˹֣ðҼҴС㣿
ǲҴС㣬ҽȥ֪ˡֻڸС˷ϻֱһѽСƿ
˰˰˰С˵һ±ֻƸŵˣֱֻﴳȥ
С˵Ľһ¾·ֹܼҡ
ֻһֹܼңǰ˵ֹܼң㲻ʶǴС㰡
Լ󣬿ϸĻȻֱܷԭȵģ
ֹܼһ㶣Ĵһֻ֮󣬿ȴǼΪ׺ݵ˽ϳȥҰѾͷ콫ϳȥ
ֹܼңֻǵĴС㣬㲻ʶҵҲ𣿡ֻЩţֹܼҸղŵıѾϳˣΪʲôҪϳȥ
ֹܼ仰󣬲ɷ˵̽ϳةฮصĹϺţôô޼¡
ôʱֹܼұةฮźô꣬ôûϳأ
ǹװʶ
ĸ׾Բܻ˽ϳȥôпܾ˼

18 ͻ

ֻһ˫˫͵һĨɫ
ֻڰǰֻ·
һȣةĽ䵽ةฮǰǰ
ǷǽةฮҲûãΪǻᱻϳᱻĴ
ڶǾػԼĸ֮һܡ
ȻܵĳɹӣȴҲΣյģˣϣ϶һʱةҪˡ
֣ûİ취
Ϊڹƾһ˵ܲ˶ԶҪ˶þͻᱻаץȥ
аرץֱ練ơ
ԴܻؽȻȥǸԼʲô
ֻ˼֮󣬾ѡһ֡
ڹаа˵ʱҲѾĸס
¥ڣԭֵһ±һĳš
ʹ֮󣬱ڹ¥磬ааµй֮
ϯϣа㱨ľ֮󣬿νմãͬʱҲΪֲǰȡаֻԼһ£ϵͥҪаͻ顣
ֱߣһֱаȴͻȻվڻǰһһ˵븸ʴةฮǧֻ¸ʮ飡
һ仰ֵϯ˳š
ϵЦҲѸٵȥ
ǰаˣò٣һΪһˣϱȡаةฮǧĻԼת´ͻ飬ةฮǧֻ˽
˾֪ϢʱȡԼʥּҲ˿ӱ͵ɳǡ
аȴͻȻʱҪӭȢةฮǧѵֻ֪Ѿ˽
ţ¥һļž
µٹ٣ҳһԶ۾½ȥҪճ
ǲƵķеĽƱصаϣǰ㲡شΣʱޱ㽫ֻͻ㲻֪𣿡
֪ΪΪҲѲˣԲŻͻ顣ö˶˵Ĺڸǰ븸ջسٴһλ顣Ϲ϶ǰǰɳǲξʱӦʱ޵ĽӭȢţڹǶŵԵʱ򣬻ʳȫ
Ϲ˻һһεõµһ
ֱ̾ϹӢѹ˹ǸֻȻ˵ĳ顣
Ҫֻ֪˵ģȻҪȢ
ϲ뽫Ϲ仰ȴò˵ֻ֪ףȡĻԼģȱ㡣
ʱδ̸ۼ֮ʱȡԼҲпԭǶսɳҲΪĴʱ⡣Ϲֶ䶼άֻ
ûһʱ侹޼ƿʩ
ʵҲףаΣּ֮ȡǵĻԼа϶вٵԹ
ǲӦаԹ
ǾϷԣµʥּջأһŮɶޣ
ʱһϮ廪ϹҲ˻ǰʣֵҪʵڻơʱ䣬ٰüɪδ϶ãǶɴΪһŵԣǷ޷룿
Źڵµˣ׵ŭɼȴ£˵Ϊϯ֮޹ص飬ڴͻһ£ݺ˵
ϾǾ֮Ļϣһ仰ϯ糣ľȥ
ϹϹ˶Էһ֮󣬱»صλϡ
ǰ߷Ƶŭ
û򸸻ϹѺȴڶԱ濪󸸻´ͻ飡
Ϲʵ̫ˣ
ɱ㣬ͲϹ
Ϲһ㸽ǰ˵үС㲻ˡ
ϹǽڷָŰ״ľƱûκεĲ֮Ҫ
ǡȥ
ʱɫһƷسةϹǰЩϻ̵˵үɷһ˵
Ϲһةࣺأةлֱ˵
΢ԭ֮΢Ի۰΢ү׶༪٣»Ͽ˷֮ȡ˻Լү봦΢΢޻˵ϣүǧҪǨŭڻةֳϿңжֻ۰Զ׼
ةˣжϲةģλҪӭȢΪûκǨŭ˼Ϲǰة࣬ȻĿڡ

19 Ϊľֻ

ǻ˽үֺαˣةһݵ΢΢üǵǺͲ⡣
ةˣĲ֪ڽʲô𣿡Ϲеİ״Ʊ˼ʵ
ة΢΢һ㶣üͷү仰Ǻ⣿
Դӻ֮ȻûڻعةฮȴʱʱдŸ֮úܺãʱһЩ̲ƷƷ
Խ΢ʵʱ򣬻Ҳи֪Ϊ岻ʣֲΪүãԲŻү̧ô檻
Щ꣬õˮ©ة㶼δϹȥ飬Ҳֻ֪ڽоȻӡ
ڱɵ֮Ϲֻɫȥȡһף
ֻˤǳ׾ͳˡ
ѵԻãةһ˫տ˫̾
ϯ֮Ի˸ةһСϹ˵㲻ٿеľһ
ĸо˳ζ٣һ·£ִθһɲŨȸбѪɢ
ȻϹһ˫
ŨҵĻҲڲеǿ麮
ֻڣةıϾ֮·ȵڣֻȴһҲҵ
һӰʱϢĿ
󾱴һʹֻһڣ˹ȥ
ǧ½ȥֻ𣬽żأһʧҹɫС
ϯһֱʱɢȥȻϹȴϴ鷿
鷿ڣɫࣺ֮ǰϲֻѾΪ˽ĵã;ʹ˷ְɣٸһŻ£ʱΪ֣
ʣ֪Ǹʳ谮ĸҲΪδޣҲһֱøʲϲΣʱȡŻԼҲԹԣΪҲԾ䲻ϻ޷ȡϹ˵ͣһ¡
ֻǶɳ꣬ɱһһεĴйӪƵйǳأĳǺӽΪľִֻⲻϴͻ飬ǶӵȨƺ͸ҫкã
вޣ͵һ
ʣнȫΪҲΪŻĵλ
ʮʱһۿл꣬Ҳϲꡣȥˣû䣡նµĳŵҲѶ֣Զ븸룬öӭȢΪϹ˱ֱĹڻǰʯ˫ģᶨĻ̩ɽ㣬Ժ
ϲֻֻδϲ㡣δ޵ţȴ͵͵ĺΪôֵͲµ㽫Ȣȥڱ𣿡վӵʵ
Ϲȴʮ̹ȻĻشһвֵûǶɳ˴˲нɾ͡ʱʢʦô˵׷ʱ۵һϲѾ׷ʱԶ׷֡
ĩˣϹ̧ĺֱֱĿϣԲҪţҪ֮λԲҪӵݣΨֻܲҪ
һ仰һ˫˸͵˼£һɺɸֵŭ⿴ϹŮ˾ʲôã㾹Ȼ˳飿
ûʲôõģӶضѶǶϲϹµͷЩʹ˵ҪԭǶģֻǸʵǵʥּӶ߶ˡ
žصһĴϣŭʵ˵ף㻹Թ޵Ǹ
ĸΨһϲˣֻǶϳĸΨһϲŮˣһˣһڶڶֻ밲һɢүϹֱͦıһ˲䱻ѹһ㣬˫Ũصıݡ
Ϲһ˵ţһͳеıƣЩȨ͵λĶķںɫĵ̺ϣ˿ллʶԶĽ̻壬ˡ
˵ϹŻصĿһͷվͷҲصľҪȥ
վסһ½סתȥϹޱʹĵʵΪһŮˣԸ֮׵ĵλȨƣ
ϹתһЦƿ˺쳾㣺һжΪ˻ģûֻһ޾ɢүڶʮʱԸ˵ģһֱûб

20 

㣬𣿡صĺڽ˿ľϵֽ
ǣ˭ҲԡϹش
ƺһѵ֮òŵã޴Ӧ㣬ҲҪӦһ¡
Ϲ鷿гʱѾʱ
ҹɣ貵ǳҹϣһһģƤĺͯ
ǰүǴӦ𣿡
šϹ̧ͷǿգĶһ
үⲽߵ̫ˣҺûϴӦˡԼؿڣظ˵
ϹȴĮĹһȣ˵ûѫӦ
ˣүԸҲˡζ˵
ϹԽǿһǣһŨףҹôļȺʹò˵ԣǸˡ
ֻʹڿǰĳЩİЩϤ
Ķ
ֻתͷµǵ޳ʱһ¾ˡ
ȻҪһ˵аǲܵġ
ûĸףͱһˡ
ֻ΢ĶûӹϹǼΪĶ䣬㿴ֻһ˫Ĵһ˿յ
ǲЩʲôˣôܵةฮȥˣϹתȪ³
ү˵ةฮǧҾȥΪոѹԭֻŴŴģкһԲ㡣
ȻأϹīɫֻϡ
ǲҽȥҹ⣬˵ҲǵĴС㡣ֻ˵⻰ʱ˲һ˿ϧС
㽫˭ʶ㣿ϹֻĴǰֻűûеźۼĹ˹ȥձȥ
ֻ㵵Ŀ˵ģ
ȻģҪ߱ΪʲôҪӻةฮ
ֻΪò׷ء
Ϊ㡭ܿ¡ֻԥһ˵ɱôˣ۾գգһ¡
Ǻã´ɱ˵ʱ򣬶գ۾Ϲ˵üΪ棬ٿּΪ˵֪жҪ𣿱ɱǣͻΪɱһ
ֻŴ˵ɱ֮Ϲһһɢ
ֻ佫ޱµ屧
˯ձةฮϹվ˸ŪĽ֮뿪ˡ
ȻߵſڵʱϹͣ˽Ųͳ߼һ˿ΣգԺûб㲻뿪벽
һ־
ܼĸˣ
ǰڣյȼţʱʱžзһڡ졣
һϮīɫ۵Ϲ˽ܼ̹үūʧôСܳү𷣡
ϹƳһ۹ڵϵܼң֪㲻ϲֻպպֻԺе㶼Ҫʣֻƹܺе˾ͺˡ
Ϊֻܼ֮󣬹⽫һԺ֮㲻ܲʣֻܳĻᡣ
үҪȢСΪ𣿡ܼҹϹǰ壬˼ֲϡ
ǣ˼츸ʱּͻ顣ϹĵǰһͷīĳɢԺ󣬴Ӳ濴ȥٻƵʣճֵĲգͦεıǣ΢΢ıϵÿһ޲ɢŵųʡ
Ȼ⵭ȴּһ˾µɱ֮
źɱΪìܵĴȴϽϣ˷ֲһ
Ĳĺ˲һ֣ӵһʢյòĴǴ濴ȥɫ߼ռ
Ψһ¶۾ֻͣһֱӣֺĸо
ǵ׵ʲʮǧ
үūסܼҲΡΡվ˳ȥ
ף׵ġ
һֻ㱻Ѿ߽ױǰһϴ硣
ʱС΢΢һЦ޵˵С㱾ʣôһǹˣ¡
ֻͭǰֻһױ֯ʰٻɵ£ǧ˿һ򵥵ı٣һ֧ŵ÷ӴϣֻѾʮˣһδ޵ŮȴûаͻأС
һϦ֮䣬ֻصǰոռ֮ա
վһ£ů縡ʮָˣ֬ɣһЦײˮܣ٣֮ززһ˲ʧɫ
һЦ֪Ե˶壬öΪ֮ԣ

21 ſ

ֻòϣԭǺģϧԭץһֵĺƣȴõƾ֡
߰ɡֻ˵
үһϲǰֻһҡҷȹڡ
˶ӾϹǻϲҲֻһϵӦѣǺܺġ
һ͵µѵȺ⣬ϹڿУͦ񣬱򣬿ȥôĳţ
ƿһů紵˽Ϲī˫ͫʱǹɳű㱻һ庮ȡ
ֻ߽ˣüī˫Ŀһˮ촽·֬Ⱦͣʱһͷڷк£Ӿ߳ĳ׵С˵šˡ
Ϲֻһֻֻ֣΢΢һ㶣㽫ԼСַϹĴС
ֻ֮ԼС֣Ϲȴš
һ˫ī˫һ˲˲Ŀ
ֻ֪ϹϲԼ崿ӣһŮĴ磬Ϲ˿εĶֻЩϰߡ
Ϊ֮ǰϹϲɵҲ֪ԼΣֱӶ󵨡
ֻƲ⣬ĶȻڹһʱһƥڵĸͷͻȻǰ
ʱסͣڹֻһµϹĻС
ֻҪãϹȴֱ§ˡ
үǡǰȥϳϵ˾ǵĽ֮󣬱΢Ц
аϹĻʮֵķŭһ縸ʾͽ˻ʹȻֻ룡
Ϲ޳ֻһ±
ϵϹϹ§ڻеֻʱ޺޵ıһۡ
òŨޣҲģƫǹ´˿˿ƵĲһشˮҡ
ӿŭȼգ·һܽճɻҽ
ܣʲô𣿡ϹĵţůӳϹֻ§ֻϵ̵֣Ϲ۾ۡ
ֻ޸꣬δȥһۣģǽһȴٴδ
ſϹŭеޱ㳯Ϲȥ
ֻǳ޷̱ҪȥȻûǰǸޱ㱻ӰֵǧȵĽס
ϹɵȻУ§ֻƸղŵһĻûзһ㣺ܣû˵¸ʮ常ʻֱĻ񡣡
ֻЩԾϾȻĴӦˣ
ϹһƬ죺ģˣȥ
Ϲ䣬Žε㳯ƽ
аҲγϵĳһµǧ£վϣɢηĺ⡣
ۿսڿֵǣ׷ױãܵ˰ȫĵط
ʲôôаﰡһɪɪӽд
аԽҲ֪ʲôֶû´ͻҪӭȢԴݵ·˻ش
һջˮȻõλȨصүͷ·˱ʾ
ܣʵּҲΥ𣿡ϹͽȻһ綸͵ɽ£˲㽫ĳѹסˡ
ʵּһջûǽǱһյػὫѺʡϹĻＸǴмģֱͻ
ܣΪʲôһֱãӦ㲻ϣЩ߸ʰɣϹķŭϹȴԵüΪƽһʤȯյӡ
Ϲ͵һû뵽Ϲջؾʦͽˡ
ܣʹ˷֣ڻܱȫ档ִҪִǱҲ㵽ס׹صϹĴ³ÿһÿһ䶼żɱ
Ϲ֪Ҫִ˸ȷãתϹ㽫ĿתƵֻϡ
ȥòãϹֻ¶һĨ崺Ц⡣
ȻֻȴĿһϹװ֪ӣϹү˭
ɵȱΪǸɵԱƭֻ
ϹеֻһƬãȻǽķԺǱҲκεĹϵˡ
ϹЩŵĿֻɵˣһ˭ˣ
Ϲ㾿ԽʲôΪʲôǲñˣϹŭʴ

22 Ϊܺ

Լʲôû˵Ϲӡ
ٴϹȴֻĿа뿪
ѵֻˤʱʧˣȻҲɵˣ
ү㲻˵δôͻȻðһֻһ¶ĿϹͬʱҲС
ǰվĵطûС
аȴǽݺѹڵء
ôϹ棬ſηĽ§ڻУƾϹ˫ÿĵðŭϹȴҲɷƵκεľ⡣
Ǻ͵޶һɾη֮⡣
˾Ͳδ𣿡
Ǹոս˼һûк룬ôͳΪүδأֻ̧š
Ϲ̫ѨлԼߵģڽܺϺ
Ϲôһ˵ǽֻ˵һܺߡ
ϹԽǲǰֻԽãϹʵʩǸ
¸³˻飬һжˡ
ȷأǰأ
аةฮةҲǸ֪飬ةû뵽ǣԼŮȻаͬһ
ֻδŮķϹĲ߳ʱ˵ةˣվةҷҲǸľȡ
ةֻ֪ڽ˵ķ֮󣬱ǰȥɫΣȲҪ鿴ֻ˺ۡ
ǰڳҲ̫ԡ
ΪѪԵĹϵֻةʱһᣬĽ΢΢Щʪ󣬿ɵ׻סˡ
ȥ˵ɡϹ˼ɵ§ֻة˵
ةͷվةַ˿Ϲⷬٶɫ֮г˾֮ǵǡ
ǰԺ֮ةֻһѣΪϹ֮ǰ֪ةֻ࣬û˼䣬Ҫǰ飬ֻѹ
ةһ˵ǵãͲӦ޸װôĻҲǲӦŽĹҪʱȥһԣҲˡ
ԱߵַٲȻһĸ˵鴦¼ˮ
ֻίةĻУһ˫ȴַ˵ϣ⡣
ԭС۹гģԱϾ޳ǸԲŻһֱɵɵŴԼΪȥĻ¹һ飬׾ٵַ֪˲һαװĸֶѡ
ԭĸԭ֮ˣַ˳Ϊҷ֮ҲȷĶԭùǵԼºӣȴةɶԭ۰ʱ˴ġ
ȻһĶԭãڱﲻ֪˶ڮ١Ӻԭ顣
ةӶԭ۰͹ûַ˵óѣ
Եԭһֱַ˵Լĸ׿֮ǰܵ˺ʼնûлɵַ˵ϣֻΪɺϰˣ
ַ˲ֻе⣬ֻ΢΢һּװһʮֻģæԸˣСԭȾסԺӸʰ
˲鷳ةฮ緹ȥϹȴڴʱǳ
ةһ£һ˫տǲ֮ɫүǺ⣿ȻҪ룬ǻȻҪةฮסүôҪأ
аѵǰѻͻ
ּ⻹δ£ͻԾϵķޣǽߣة𣿡ϹֻǰסֻС֣뵽зʵ
ǰ߳ةฮŽ˾ֻˡ
ֻҪϹѣֵȴʱһ¼أֻϹǹǿӲҲڶˡ
ةȴһŭңϷȥġ
еǰ취ȥԻةฮСҲѹûֻصةฮ
ةϸҲǣ㳤̾һðɣǾүϷչ˻ˡ
ǱδޣȻúõչϹӣŻü£ˮֻºͣ˫ڵȴһƬ嵭
үȥةฮܿܲʲôֻ̧ٵҫżĨ
ãñة໹Ҫ顣û뵽ϹӦĺܿ죬ֻҪϹ뿪ʱ
ϹȴϵĶһǡ
ôһǵľٶڳ̴ӣۡ
룬úտС㡣ϹԸɿֻ˫֡
Ϲĺ˼ֻǰ֮һƬ֮ɫзһĨ⡣
ղϹһǣǹ׿ġ

23 úö

ةฮ֮ϹһǾٶºͻﶼ㡣
ΪľӪϲļ󣬴ةеǡ
ղǸǣû׵ַԣͷȥʱ򣬷˿Ҳû䡣
ֵλúͷ˿õס˴ҵߡ
ԴҶΪʵֻԼָѡ
ϹΪ˱ǲΪӪÿһ嶼ߵö⡣
ϧǧ㶼뵽ûʧ䣡
ʱǰֻʣةϹˡ
ةվϹ˵ǰСŮǵ飬ѵүԸСŮ𣿡
֮ǰֻϹΪةһǱϹ͵͵ĺͽϹʱֱϹ
һο̹ĵĺⰡаܹ£ԭֻ
ѵةΪҪ𣿱ðŸʷŭķգԸȨƺ͵λִȢΪΪ˱𣿡ϹλϣʯڵɫĿة࣬һƬġ
үԻ⣬Ϸףүǰн֮ϷʵڲûľһˣϷԭΨһŮϷʵǡ
ةĻû˵꣬Ϲ˵ة±϶Իãʵȴ˵ĵطĥ
Ϸ򲻸ҡةŴص
ةˣò˵˸ʴͻ飬ȻͲ׵ķ֣ԴӦة࣬ӭȢ֮󣬴檣Υȫƾةദã֮صĴϹĴУôļᶨ˲òŷ
ãϷүһضϣүܹúôϹǾ仰𾪵ة࣬ϹϵرȨ㳯Ұ
ǰԺһ檵Ǿ޽еģ
ϹȻôصĳŵةĻвŵĵ
ϹԻǰİ⣬ǻȴϹΨһޣ
ʱ䣬ةฮı仯Ǻܴ޷Ƕ˼׵СˣԼ޺סԺӱ·һ飬˼һЩװˡ
ֻߵǧĵطǿñǧĲѾˣһŻԡ
ԭةฮĶȫûˡ
ǰةฮôϤȴҲҲһ˿һڹĶˡ
ةฮƺѾûһϯ֮ء
Ǹɻ۰ĸס
ֻתÿߵüҴҵֹܼңæǰֹܼҸֹܼңϳ𣿡
ֹܼҿֻµϵɫһ䣬Ѹڵ׵Ļң򶨵˵С㣬ūôܲʶأСǣūŴԶϳС
ôûϳСأװװɣͽةฮ˵׵İ£ɹӳϹħצ
ֹܼҹ˼Ƭ̣Ȼʮ־ȵ˵С㣬ʲôʱةฮةฮūôûϳأ
ҴӺŽֹܼ˽Ҹϳȥ𣿡ֻ𴽡
ֹܼװһȻӣȻ̹ʹ˵С㣬ū׾մС㴩ֽūʵûϳС˲С˹ūŰɡ
ûϳǼٵûϳֻһ˫Ǻ
аȥһܹϳةฮʮ꣬ϲ
С㣬ūûϳСֹܼһҧԼûϳֵةҲ仰
ֻЦһ˹еָףȻϲС㣬Ϊ˷ֹԺڷƵ飬ǱСúõĳԡ
ֻȻתŲһЦ룬ܲүҡ
媵ҲһƬЦ⣬ֻ֣ǰС㣬ʲô飬ܷԸ
ֻŹڵϵֹܼң̧ͷ˿λε̫룺ֹܼةฮʮˣ춼ܼС㣬ձС㲻ǻ˸ױͲʶСˣСֹܼҵԴһ˲ٵɳǸúúõϴһϴˡ
ƺֻ˼˿ܣС㣬ôϴǷںϴأǷŵϴ
ɣϾһСھˣǿھͲˡֻ˵üΪɡ
ڵϵֹܼ˿һ亹ةฮô꣬ة඼ؼ֣û뵽ֻȻķ
С㣬ūŰɣū׾ūŸūŸڵصֹܼһֻͷһԼĶӡ
ǻʲô콫ӱȥúõϴϴӣԼҴС㶼ϲ˭֪´λ᲻ةҲϲӻ֣һɬ˵ȴΪϳǣҲֶΡ

24 

Ϲߵˣ򵥡
ֻűϵӱߵĹܼңҪǲֹܼҵʳЩʲô;
Ҳ֪үҪҵ̸ãǹȥϢϢɡֻԲ˵ʱָֻһõЦ⡣
ͷЦУµů㣺С롣
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ү㿴үͻ˿Ƕַ̧ͷʱһĻɵĶة໶ϲ˵һʮοӣȴǷɿһĨ
ة°͵ĺ룬û˵ʲôȴҲǸĸˡ
ϹǰζԻģֻҪϹƽϹȥ½ɻϹԻõġ
ŸǰС˶˳ĵͷΪϸĲ֣ϹһĨ죬ת˲š
ͬһӹˮ𵭵֮ٴλָƽѰһ˿ۼ
ϣֻһһɨɿڵĲȣϹϲʲôˣ˰Ҳ벻
Ȼͷ䣬ȴ֪ʱԭտյж˺ЩϲԵĲˣһԵϹһֻ˴Ϻȥǡȥͷַʮֵ죬ֻʣ¿ɿ۵ϺʱеС
ϹϲʲôϹȴȻǵã
ôˣϲ𣿡ϹǳǳģʲôǹĵĻԼΪϺĶȴ˼
аεĳ谮ΪвˣΪϺǸŮĸ
֪һвϹ˿ģҲҪȥ
үҲԣҸʢɣ˵ֻ¿ӣϹʢһ뼦˵Ϲǰ
Ϲһڣƽעֻúȡ

25 ץס

ֻˣЦü䣬ϣˣĲ֮󣬱ýߵ˵үһϺ
áϹ³ӱּһ˴Ϻͷרעİ
үһĳ谮ǵرϲʯ񣬿ʯ̫Ѱ㣬ү֪һĹ򣬰һʯ͹˵ֻҪԣΪַ˵ʱͻݶׯȴһĨݣԴֵԻ˵ǸʱĻҲ̫ˣүģ
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ֻĸûÿ

26 㻹ϲ

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ү֮ǰ͸ģ͸ˣҾͷŹһΣ֮һֱСĵĲţǻˡЩա
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ֽ״ģԧģȻɫѾˣϡԿֽ˼Ϊϸĺ棬Ͷ˲ٵѪ
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Ȼĸ˵òֻҪϵĽ֮ǰ֪үү϶һ㣬ԽԽԽ䵭
ãүһݰɣջᷢ죬ɺˣһֱҪһµͷڴĿϹ

27 м

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ֻֻϹԶԶģΪɢϢоʮֵѹ֣ͤŮ˭ǲȥܡ
Ȼֻ׼ת뿪ʱʲô
ŮһĵݵϹߣϹ̧Ĵ¶һĨů˵Ц⣬ֽסǿģУϸϸƷš
һֱΪϹӲѹһ㲻Цˣһֱô飬۶˭ô䵭롣
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ֻˣϹЦˣǲЦˣةǰϷʱҲûЦ
ҲϹ׼˵ʱȴֻסͣ˼ɽ棺꣬ûԼ𣿡

28 ǰ

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Ҫԭд֣Ҳֻñˣڲƫϵ˺ɫСէһȥָ

29 ؽ

ȥŷݣȥֽ𰡣ֻԼûȥϹֱӶ˵
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ֻһ˫ڱУʺ룡
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ͽΪӦ͹ʱͼ޸һŵ
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ſң˰˰ֻļš
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ֻϥϹĿ¶һ£ֱʹϹɿ֡
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33 үҴ

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34 ȵԺ

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35 ʫ

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ԣ뾡취ֺаڻһةฮС
գϹֻ׼˲μĹװϺõնƳɣĻƣһʢŵܽأϷǳۡ
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36 飬ʫ

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Ϲһ£ʮװó룬ֱ¥żȥ
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һΪһŮˣаɽµĲŪһֻڶǰĳܣ˵⻰ɾԩˣǱھʦǽȻģɴδȥܵĽ
ҹةฮ
а֮͵͵Ĵֻةฮһ£ܶ˶Ѿ֪ˡ
ֻһֱûж˸ҵ۶ѣϾһƷһƷ
һСıץסǿҪģ
û뵽ûнԼҪȻةฮȥˣһʧˣ
нһƬȻҲаӸ߿һۣ̼ǵǰаʱֻߵ顣
鴫ɳǿ϶а˳ص˺аǲȥĻ¾ͲѪ̵аˣϹһ⻰ӵ߳ŭ㵱ʱ־˳ܵ־ܵ£ǺεȻĴųܵϯʫᣬֿнҵϺ
Ҳ´ȥ˳Ц
ֻһԣȤȻĿһУպܽţȴĪĴ̼
˳۵űһȦһȦĻţԵЩУƺѾȲҪݵĺϷˡ
ڱýǰϣϹǴһµġϹڵ⽫ֻϸСĶ۵ף漴Ȼʱһɱ֮㳯ϹϮȥƺǰͱлԼˣѵǸʱܾûӰҵ
ϣᱻ𣿡ǣ֣ͽȻлԼǽͲϲ㣡֮ˣϽӴǵĻԼʲôԣԽʱ㲻޸Ҳ޸Ļӣƾ
ʲôҪΪ㵢õʱ⣿
Ϲ˵ļΪ߿ȫеζƲһɶԼһ޹һ㡣һ˵Լ֮볼ܳɵסأڻǳܵȴԼľǿȡĽܵߣ˿˼Ѫ֮顣
ֵΪʵµЦҲøʺģ
Ϲؾ˵ţȫа˵һܵӵ޳֮ͽԸ͸һ޹࣡
ֱֻ̲סҪΪϹơȲˣ
û뵽Ϲȹƣġžžľ¥ԵΪĴ̶ҲһƿɫɫˮĴƶֵͳ·һ㣺֪ܵĿڲôãǰ̸оӦǰȥģ˵ᴩʹĳ
Լǳأ͹ˣ
ϹˮóˣϹȻȤķ
֣˵һжʵ޿ɷϹץסһ˫ֱں˰Ȼվڴм䣬һƿȫļơ
ȷɷϹɢĿڣʯһƬɲ⣺֪뱾лԼʱȴ׽˽Ļᣬνͣ
ϹǷһü޵Ľü
˵Ϲȿڣǲ˵Ϊϲ㣬ȹģ㵱ʱٲ£ƲסԼ͵͵Ļ᣿
Ϲգ׼췴ȴԼ˵ĺϹ˵Ĳࡣ
Ϳɳܣ仹ǳ֮Σ
ƵֻͷϵĻǵ˵ڶ治֪ôõƷ
֣ⲻǵ;˵ûκε֤ݣ֮ǰ׵ģϹ˼ֱӷ˵顣
ʱֻ͵͵һ£֪ȥˣ֤Ҳͱٵˣ˵ʱ򣬽ȡԼ޷ǵһ˲⣬õҪڵܼˣҲǲԸѹ󸸻ʴͻģթ
ܺõñܿ˶Լã顣
۹۱ǣǹĵţ˭ҿһȻǵƵġ
ǰֻû˽Ļᣬǲ֪
˭ԿóִСаһֱǡ̬ȷܣԽ̬ǾͽȻͬˡ
ִС񣬵Ǹ˶е˼
һ飬ģ˵֮׵ģǹأ
ڶвٴ˵аȥɳǲξǽڱ⣡
ϹЦһɲз˵ĺ⣺ܣȵľ仰
룬ȥдʫøúõĻһ
µϹһɫѸٵһ䡣
飿ôܣֻÿοͽյ
ΪʲôϹУ
ϹǰЦһУģͳһⷺƵţǿֽţ֪һʱ䡣
ϹŷӡеľȻʱƥһ
үǲıʼŷĩβǲױǩö紺㡣
Ϲ˫أԳֳǿŷӡеľȻҲ֪дֻʫ
ɤ۽ǵ⿴һĻʱ·һ뱻һ㡣
඼ɧͣķı֮ĶĽҲо
۵һǷŵֽţ֪ǽعֻлҲСϹڶ̶̵ļڣǰ鶼ͳͳһ飬ȴûʲôĵطûг

37 бȥ

Ǳ˵ֻ飬ֻû©ôϹϵģͲö֪ˡ
үСִߴһϹһϦָֻ̹Ȼһ˫ĵɨСϵÿǱдʫڽ븮֮дģ֣
˼𣿡
Ϲ˴˻ȴǵһĨаЦԼ̫ѨļЩãȻŷװĲʫ飡
Ϲò׻ָȻɫ˲ֱɫ
ʫһûʱģȴеģ
ԣŵʲôʱдģֻҪŷǷóͺˡ
һ䣬С㽫еǷŲ˿ĵҲȥеݣֱӷ˵ڶҳͶʮ꣬³ţ
Ϲֻ׵ʱͶʮ꣬³ǿһӣ
˶ǵ
ǰʱһ갡
ֻ˫εĶϲϹϡ
ԭļϹд飬⻹ǵһô򵥣ΪǽÿĩβĻʱ͵ص㡣
ʱ֮յˣΪʲôϹУ
үڿıʼС֮󣬱㽫ֽ̯ٵ˽ĸǰ
ϤּϤӳϹʱ˲ͱɫ׺䶥㣬һ˫۸ʱŴ޳˶ýӲ
ôܣ
žô뵽Ϲϵģ
ҿӣϹƺֻ֪ˣ
ÿλĩβһͽԼʱ͵ص㣬԰ɣϹͳдԣ뵽˵ĶУȴͬڹŹһ㡣
Ȼⲻǵ飬ȴҲǸоһ¡
һɵӶ֪һлԼŮյ˵飬֮ĵһ¾ǽջٵ
Ȼ鲻ûбջ٣뵽аУִСͽ飬а֪˵ġ
֪аԴ˶ã½ֻǵһеڶ
ʲôʫᰡֱǼ֤֮һѪģ
һСԼܱȥ
Ϲɫѿַֽ֣֮ţʼնδ˵һ֡
ֵֽд֣ʱĻĵص㶼ˣҪǲܵˡ
ܣô˵ˣϹٴοڣΪǱĻ˺δ˶⣬Ǽһպһܵ
ֱʱ˽׹аѾҪҪǰ澡ʧŻ˽ľӪ
̫ǿѡһôܷأ
վţͣӲϵĺˮݻֵ̿㣡
˭֪аͻȻμʫᣬôıоģ
ͷⶥɴñǱסˣ
ֻۿһУаһΪһĽƵԼԼڵĿУɾм֮
˽ֻ֪аףȴ֪Ѱͨһ֮ã
һʵˣɨأǻᱳ
ֻĻǰݣ˼˳ᢵϹǵǸʵغ
ֻµϯⳡᣬֻҪýѣȴû뵽˼֮
ͬʱȴҲûκ·ΪһҶ֪Ĺȥ
ȫˣа֮⣬ûκεѡΪһ뿪аǵȴǧָ٣
ţǴӺζϹһһĴӺмһ仰ɫ£ɫ͸ļ͸¶̫Ѩš
ɢɱˡô˵ǳˣϹ͸¶űţе¥һϢĵѹ㵱֪Ǳδʱȴ
ȳ²ֵд˶ֵûĻģϹŵ֣ġ֨Ħ죬޲ҪֹǸһ㡣Ըб˫һڣΣʼսһֱϲĶǱЩԽ
һѡյõ˽ǵõĲ壬ⱲӶԴһԴ㣡
˻һڳˣһȫ顣
鵽ֵزλѾ׵˺Ƥ
һλ˵ϻˣȰϼ䣬صϣȻڣȴԽԽҵĽࡣϹ̧ڵͬīȾɫһ¥ϹɫˮĴһ޵ڻſôа˹Σûｫƭȥ
ԼķʽرڱĶѡǲģҲܲȥȫƾı¡㣬벻롣Ҫˣ
䣬ϹȻ¥Ϣðۻ˶ʱһָ׳Ƶĸо
бĿ쵽ֻĸǰȨһ㣺ȥ
£ûκ˸Ҿܾ
˵ĿҲеһֱĬֻϣֻ΢̧һ˫ųɽ䣬ϲӳ
ī⿴ƽȻȴһɻصǿС
ֻûԥ㽫ϸСַϹУ㱻˫ºĴְס֮ε˱΢΢ĳϹ¾ΰϿȥ
ƾϹһ䣺ⱲӶԴһԴ㣡
ͱԽϹɡ˳һ֮⣡
ΪǾ仰ѾɹϹĺأԼһ㣬ֻ̲ѣ
֣뵱ű潫ߣµϹһ˫ĺ⣬ܹɱ
ϹṴаĴǣǾͿûˣ
䣬һµǧ±վȺǰ֮жͬɫװİֱƴ롣
ۿһսȴʱһɫ̫Ĺ˽һ۾¥֮󣬱㲻ĶϹϹλү¼٣
һ仰νﳤһҺãʱԵС͵͵ϡ
Ҫһûʵľ¥ѾֺüʬˡҲǰﳤһλү涯Ǻǲ롣

38 Ƿô

鷿ڣƻͨһۼĻϣʢŭ̫ʦϣǳɺͳȻôԱ棬ΪһŮ˾ȻҪ֣Ǿûн޷ӻҵ
ڣ
ϹϹԹڻǰ˵
ʣֽҲͰˣȻŽμᣬôܹʵϹȿڣ֮ߡô飿޵ΪεأôϲֻҲܾö֮ĽֻȥμᰡڵݱϾǽҪ
ǰ˸ˡ
Ϳֻ֪һջˮӦֱӴֻŶԣ
ǣʣ֪ˡϹɫƽֱ˵ĳԼĹ
ϹҪϹֻʱϹȴüĿ٬̶˵ǶôҲ³򡣡ʲôԭ㶼ܴŽ˵Са͵ĴֻةฮѾˣҲֻ۱ֻˣ˭֪аʹֻϯʫ

ǳϯʫ˿вٵĳд󳼰ʼҵڲ˰
ܻϺȴҲȫ
ϾаôೡʤսոôĳǳأΪº͡οֻµȷԹԣаıǿ϶ģ
ʣѵ㲻֪Ϊʲôڶа𣿡Ϲ俪ڣȴԵϹɫ˲һ䣬תϹȥ
һ˫ŭϹϣΪʲô
ǿ϶ǳŽע⣬Ǳ뵽ֻ͵͵ٳġ
ѵ˴ӽӳ𣿡ϵôѾίˡ
Ϲȴҡͷǣڶפھʦʱȣʱҩ
˵ʲô˫ĿԲɣһ㶡
ô˵ô˵ֻаѾˡˡϹһ˫ѸţʣմŽǰȥΣϻʱЩ̲סΪȤҩֻû뵽·
ˤȥ
ϸѾȥĻˣֻҩһ뵽аУ£ȻȻˡ
һŮˣȻӹҪǴȥֱǻҵһţЦ󷽡
ʣݶ֪鲢ˡϹ΢ͷףⷺɫϣǱаζ
ϹһѵϹѾˣܵģôء
һ뵽ղǷ飬Ϲţ˲ˡ
ڻϻδ֮ʣʣѾ£Ըͻ룡
һ仰Ϲҧ˵ġ
֮飬Բø֪
һ˫տϹϹ˵ɨһۡ
Ȼôĸıע⣬ͷ˿Ҳ뵽Ȼץסʲôѱ
ȻҲùЩˣֻҪͬС
ϹϹ˴鷿߳ʱɫѾˣ紵˵Ǳĺ⣬ͬƬһۡ
īԱīҹΪһ塣
ûʧ䣿ϹڣɴְϹһ㡣
ָˣһǵ֮ǰ飬ôϹͲҪȥ飡
ûʧѾûκιϵˣԺһΪɩϹûпһϹŲûͣһ£ֱĳǰȥ֣㲻Ҫôߣвôܻͬ룿ȷսߣ㲻ҪˣǳãھʦһûУϹһֱ
ţջ̲ס˳
ϹվᴹָŪֵĹؽڣȴֵȻĵܣǲˣĸǵة࣡
ⲻ᲻صȴһϹסˣ޺޵߬˫ȭ
֣ˣӭȢͲΪжϲΪĸǵة࣡Ϲҧ˵š
ϹգҹɫйһĨаȶָĪĻȡ
ֻͻص֮󣬲ûϢܽϹ
̫Ƿ飬Ϲôеģ֮˸ˡ
ҿϹı飬Ƿ鲻αģ
ֻԴҲоô£ȴԼĴ
ֱҪ糯ʱϹɫص
үǷ񴦷ˣܼһûкۣϹǵġ
ЩȫȻںԻнţϹṴ´Ƶ嵭಻˿ĸ飬˺Ѵ⵽ʵ뷨
Ͼμʫ˺ܶ඼ǳ͢ĹԱô϶Ҫӣʾ
С糯ĳ˽һźϹϴ£һߵүСܽһҹҪҪȥ
Ϲ£仰¶һ˫īͫҲá
ֻԴǿžϡǰϹһޱ
ϹһϮɫǰŸšɺף˶еӺݻȫɢؼۻ֮ơ
һ߽ϵӰ΢΢ҡ˼¡
Ϊλ˯ֻӦϹͳڵ
ֻԼһ˫ʵ۾̧ͷѾǰϹߴӰܹȫס
үڵֻЩٵվϵޱҲϻһŮϹıϢ
ʲôµȱ곯˵ɣ˯Ϲīɫͫˣĵڵֻ崿ȴִż˿ϡ
ӵֻһ˯ѵӤ㣬̲סǻҪ뻳У˯ĳ嶯
ֻҲϹϴĳ޷ˡ
үǸջҪ糯ȥ𣿡ֻŴŴģﺬһԲ㡣
šϹһ᲻Ȼζԡ
ֻԴҲһЩƸղǷֻ֮ͣҧ´ǲǴү
ôԱ棬λҪˣҹǽе˻ʹһֱʱŻȻܷˡ
šϹһԾɴŵ롣
ֻʹϹµĴһ
ԭ̫ϹʹˣҲֲȴʵڲһ۾ܿƵķʽֲ
ͻȻĹĺںϹΪʲôҲ֪Ⲣǳġ
ĺû˼ԼúۡǲϹǻԽ϶

39 ֪

ֻҧҧ´ӲͷƤĵĵүû°ɣ
û£
ֺ֪ã
ȥ糯ˣúϢɣϹֻû˵ת߳ܽ
֮һԲۡܽд
Ϲͣס˽Ųʲô˼ǻȴǴżְպͷġ
ȥõģôô˯֮˵ֻԼԴ㽫Լ˴ϡ
ǾԼ֪Ǻˡ
Ϲǽ͸͸ˣĶãĸ͹һˣҲδػ顣
Ϊģۡ
ǲĻϹֻжģǲԸҲԽļǺ
ʲô̯ôһڴڹ
ֻҲֻ뵽⣬˳˯С
һֱֻ˯˰м䴺ŵʱֱһ䲻ԣֵͷ˯ˡ
һֻͷۣһ뵽ϺϹģͷ͸ӵˡ
ȴġﶬź¡ϴ֮󣬲͵ŵʱˡ
СҲֻǰȥͬϹһˡ
˯ˣֻһ߽ϹѾ˷ϣ̧
ֻһϵķˣܺãûһԭϲԵģԭǳԲģЩȶƫΪ
ǣүϢ𣿡ֻϹ˸񣬱׵λá
£սʱҹδϹۣŲǲһҹû˯ѣ
ֻһЩˣԭǲϲԣϲ԰㱾һŵģǲ˵Ѿ˯ˣóϲԵķ˿ζ͹Ϲ˳ϣһûһµĸŪָϵİָһ˫
ڵͫǳǳֻϡ
ɫˮĴٴ㲻Ҫ˵ñҲл˵
䣬Ȼŷ˳ȥˡ
űĹϣһ֨ѽ졣
Ϲ˫ϵԽˡ
ʲôûȴֻ̲סľһ¡
үҪǱ߳Ա˵ֻԥƬ̣ʹŵһ̧ӭϹīɫͫȥϸ̹Ȼƽ
Ϲδ˵ֻѾվϹԣϵһƱϹˡ
ҪԼʱϹȴסֻ֣ͳƵԾûʲôӲȾƵģ
үʱ䣬Ĳ㣬ҲˣֻתͷϹЦš
Ϲɿ֣һƱע˰״ɵĲ豭УɢŴľ㡣
ֻһСھƣζеĺúȵҲûôңүǲһʼ֪Һͽ飿
ϹҲƱڴһСڣڵһĨĹ⣬òŴӱĴзһš
Ƿ顭ֻűһȦһȦĻţһĲˮʹ۵ǳǳĵһ䴿׵С
ˣõǱġʼдġϹͳһĨ庮ɫˮıһĮĻȣѾҪˣ¸Ǳаˣ
βһ°θߣǰƶͭǽһ㣬˭ˣҲ˭ı䲻ˣǰ϶ˡ
Ѿּˣһжֻ֮У仰ʱûжپȣƽ
ֻϹѾ֪ͽ֮Щζ
ϹĹ£¾ƣһƻҪࡣ
Ҳеܡ
һߵȥοߣûʸ
ʹԴȪ̹ĵĺ
Ƚдõĺ͵˵ĻϵϱּˡϹĿбӵǰ
Űָֻ֣˫ۻСƼ䣬ϸϸĦţ֮ǰةฮ˵Ļ㻹ǵ𣿡
ͳȴˮһɵѹ
ֻͷǵãү˵һΣԭҵĻᡣ
ĴְС֣ůȴܲڣһҪѸĳ嶯
šϹٴһбĴĴָĦֻĹǽڣ峯˹һе֮ϵҩζס
ֻĵһӦǳˣȴסˣ漴Ϲֻǽڷֱḧ׵̣ú׼һ
ⷬĻֻһ뵽Ϲ˵Ǿ䣺Զһ㣡
仰ǸֻһÿոɰͰ͵Ķ˲ˮƷĵ꺮ůǿ϶еġ
ϹԼöġۡ
ǱһŮ˶Դİ˵ķʽԴϹɣ
ȥϸǰԭôԴϹİɡ
һģүֻϹ˫ʯ貳⣬ڴһĨˮЦ⣺ү˶ˣǸϽ԰ɡ
ֻһϵĲȣĬĬļˡ
ةฮʱϹΪϺ͸̰ɣҲ㡣
ֻһ⣬ϸĵĽ֮󣬱ȻķϹǰС
ָԼһƬշУϹǵ㴫ԲģȳζĲˣڳ԰ɣ
ֻȴҡҡͷҼȻҪүˣȻҲҪӦүĿζ
ϹڴǵĻһĨ䡢аȵĻȡ
ֻķˣѾϳԵĲ˳ԵĲˡ
ƶߣκֻľУ˼ձȾһΣ֧Դ˫ĿϹҩ΢⡣
С߽ʱֻϹ䣬ƿǲžһϣү㾿ôֵģô뵽ģϹǽڷŰ÷Ʋ豭ŵűĲоƣڴһͳ͸¶ɳƣ˫ʯͫסֻ˫롢΢ͫǰ
飬ᡣ
һ˵ĻÿһϸСϸںͱ仯㶼׾ٵķ֡
ֻʱǴᷳģǿŽ͸Ůڴ塣
ǰԵĲ࣬ôֲᷢأ
Ƿ飬ֵֻֽܹµ˲СģŵĹвСĵˣǡɵıˡ
ʱǷţϵУһ֣
ֻʱϹľܽĿ˵仰ʱǵȾ͵庮˫ɫͫѸı˪һ׮׮һ͸һ㣬ĺʲȥ²ôܻĵʲôûзʼأ

40 뿴

үɳʱٵ𣿡ָֻԼһƣ͸ҵĸоѸٵĴ̼ζٺ񾭣Դõ˶ݵѡ
ǰһֱʵģȴ֪ʲôݣʲôɿڡ
ǡ
˵Ǳҩ˵ģֻֽ˵һˮͫϹɫϡ
ɫߴʼնһ˺ĸоĮ롣
ǡϹһ򵥵ĵڡ
ֻеİ÷ƾƱҿԿ𣿡
ŵġϹԥ˵ţڵûȥֻ
ûϵֻѿڶϸһƬתһҽڴѧѧҽʱͼֲ̫Ļˡ
ǱݵĲӴüˣϹҩ˸Ͳʲô
ϹаһĨ֪ΪʲôûŮźΪǼ֮ÿμ͸˹һ
Ҳᣡֻʮƶ˵š
ȻϹȴǽĨɲĻȹ˵
ΪδӰֻԴʵʮ̹ȻƽϹ仰˵ʮֵȻûһĺۼ
һĨЦⲻĴϹīɫͫлζսڣˣ
ֻĺˣǽǼ⣬һĨ΢ĴǣϹԤ׵£ֱҪժϹϵߡ
ʱһԵĲ룬׺͵Ц˲ͱɫ
ϹڵҲʱһĨĹâһѱ㽫ֻСָסˣһȻ֮Ȼɢ
룬Сˣܽ
ٻܽ·ϣŷǰΪֻ·ĳĵС㣬ôԸȥүϵأүĴɰ
ֻڴĺﶬĲ£ԾЩƣ̫ѨղҲ֪ôˣͻȻȥң
С㣬ҪǻɱˣһʬˣС㣬ԺǧôˡϹ꣬¶ղǰֵ̿
ֻͷ֪ˡ
һ˯Ը⽫ժµˣôܻ׵Ŀջٺòأ
ǲһͨߣϣ
ںˣûеһ̰εһ̡
ںڹ쳣ѣ
紵˵һƬů⣬ȻаǰϹȴһı䣬һ˵ĺ⡣
֣ҪԽϡ亮Ϲһһ³ܣȻˣֺαأϹλϣϵưǽڷϸϸĦŲ豭ӡеҶ·ͳ񣬿ƽȴ̲֮

ȻѾ뱾ˣֵʲôأҪһ˳ļһѡϣ͵͵ļ棿Ϲ߹ݣ˪
һ仰Ȼڴ̼Ϲ
ҲƺҪϹֻˣֻϲ˻
Զòֻġ
ϹɫµıĹһĨа亮Ц⣺㱾˾ƣûѣܲĻǾ͵Ȼ֮ڽ齻ɣ
һ仰У̫ˡ
޲ҪڻûкʱǱѾͬߣޣֱǶϹһ衣
ȻϹ˵꣬Ϲϥϵֱһ˫ȵĵ䲻һɺ⣬ҪϹٶ㡣
޲ýеĺ˺÷飬Яĳһս
ˣ
ϹʱŽֻ¶صߡڶЩʱգ޷֮صĻأ
ѻʯϹѰ·
Ϲˣȴһֱȵ磬ܼҲ˵ֻˣϴ磬ҪϹһͬţϹǷһ
Ϲ֣ø֨֨죬ɢĺ⣬ǧһ㣬ˣһܽ˶ס
Ϲֱ̫һٶս͵޶ȡ
ү᲻ὫëˣеǵϹš
ϾϹջؾʦã͢ȣݹأĸǵĻʺ䱳ҲС
ͽëˣϹƵ˵ţĴа
ֻȻ˾ƣǵڶˣһֱŵʱСȥǰ
ֻڴĺﶬӯ߽ʱ˫ȵĵ۲ɵһĨޡ
֪Ϊʲôֻڽʱÿοֻ񣬿ÿһαһĨޡ
ֻű̵ĴһϮɢˮ̲ݰȹǧ˿Щ򵥵һ£ഹھߣƣһ˵
£Ө͸ֻһȥĻ
Ϲһֻĸǰġﶬ״ֻ̽
˱һξ롣
ֻ°͸βɨһĨ⣬嵭͸¶룺úġ
Ϲֻеİ룬Ϊʹʵʲô鶼ǲ𣿡
ֻ֣ȴİ
ֻҡҡͷ紺ոջϪˮ㣬͸¶űãȻǵˣ֮ǰǱˣΪڴ֮ձٵ鲻㣬㣬۸㣬ΪںԲŻٸһλ𣿡ϹǷ
飬˫ĵĵ۶ȾһĨʹģƶֻſ̹ĵİһ㡣
ֻֻЦʱˣǰʵϷ˵ʲôںװʲô飬ѹǼһ
Բ𣬽ĲǵǰˣϹףֻһãȻҡͷǵĮ
Ϲһ˫ĵ۽סֻ˫ͫȻûһ˿һĺۼתİ䡣
ֻǰе飡
˵δһ£Ȼǰֻܹϲٴϲһʲôɣ
Ǳ
ֻ֪ƿ̺˫΢˵
ǰϲģϹֿǰһĺﶬ㻤ֻһ
ֻֻ͸⣬ĽͶһεӰȴ͸¶һĨ⡣
ǣǺϲǲϲĻҲᱻ˺ӣ
һԽֻϣƻֱ¶ɣȻһӵ檸ȥȻͼ̳ȫŲһסŵĽյĹ֣ſڵع

41 ֮

ˣŮװ֣κڿŴʲôģ˵Ļڿһҽݣ˿ʲôġ
Сӹò֪жжˬ
뵽ֱֻж̾ϢһԽô£ôһڴڹ
ȻҲԭǾԽʱʵ̫˥ˡ
Ժ˹ѸаҪعѰаôҲᵽȥȢһعڵĹѸɣ
һҲ϶ͬⰡ
ϹȫȻֻ֪˼Ͳ֪ƮȥˣĵֻĻӦ
Ҳϲ㣡Ϊȵʱ̫õԭϹͳɳ˵䣬˿˿鶯
һ仰ǽֻصʵ仰ֻɵľˡ
ϻһž޵գةฮǧĸ˲ϲ
ŶֻƽĴ̺ˮĴ³һڣʲô𣿡
ûȥ˯Ȼأ
ֻһĮķӦǶϹ޴һ㣬еͫѸٵһŴǵĻȶ˱仯
һϹֻǰ˵ʲôȻܶô䵭ġֶ֪ǰ˵ʲôǣȷãǱϲģΪںԲŶǼʼչڻģǱĴ㲻ڱߵЩ
ӣĸ㣬δ˵ϲ㡣ϹֻǵͳдԵĺˡԲעС
漴Ϲ̾һʹµįҲ֪˵ʲôˣ룬¸¾ҪаˡΪаΪϲ㣬ԲŻӭȢ𣿡
һתǴįһ°θߡû֮ǰϲϲ㣬ϲ޿԰εĳ̶ȡȴˣһߣҪʱ޸˱㲻ģǽ˵ñˣκˣ
֮ǣôܻڼϲ㣿Ϲһһ˵ڿһ׹Ůһ㣬ʹļסοһ֮֮ϵаرȨ㳯ҰҪʲôŮûУֻҪһ仰дվɫ黭ͨŮŶӽаΪʲôҪϲ㣿Ϊʲô
ҪðѵΣսӱߣϹһһߣһһĽ
ֻʹ˵Ȼ֪Щ޷ҪйѣΣҪҪ㣬ĳΪаˣұ֤ӾԲùȻҪһǣȢĿΪةฮǧ𣡡Ϲ
˵һ仰ʱ򣬿ĽةฮּأҲʱ
ֻ续üĿ
ȻƷڳûκεĸûκεıӭȢ㣬ةһɽڳվ˽Ÿ
ֻӨһĨȻ
ֻ뵽ǰߵĿԣȴȫҪһ
ĸ׿ةడйԱеϴ󰡣
ڳΪô꣬˲֪ٵ͹ϵаةฮΪ׼ңЩ͹ϵȻҲ͵аУ
аΪʲôôصŵˣΪΪܹõ֧ţڳվȽŸѣ
ô˵ûվȽŸ֮ǰϹǾԲʲôģվȽŸȫҪɽʱǲĿʼ
ֻһ֮ȨıǱŮ˼ĶթҪľĶǡ
аڱһ̺ܴ壬˵ҪǸϵλãȻ֮ģ˲뵽֮ǰһС˵ڣŮǧãջŮģŮİǾ֮λãŮûڻʺλȣ§»
һĥ֮乬һնɱļˡ
Ůһ˹¿ࡢҡ޵乬У
ڿаٲȻг鷢չư
֮ǰıʽֱˣǶݡ̣ʹıʽллЩаҪζңҶˣҲǷģ͵֮ǰɣ֮ѾǲܵˣҲϣҪھˡֻüͷ
Ѹٵչһ
Ϲһ˫ÿ޽ü΢壬ͲĴΪʲôҪΪʲôҪ
Ұɣֱֻ̧Ϲ˫ĵۣˮʯǰ;ϹŴһЩܺͲ̵Ҳ֪֮ûпˣЩҲϣ㲻Ҫаƭˣǡպ裬
ֻҪ߱㣡
ϹӻóǷ飬߬еݵֻĸǰǲʺʹġ
ֻβŴϹнǷͷҲص뿪ˡ
Ϲֻϸ۵ıӰеĲʺʹ˲˺ݡ
ֻǲˣ˵ֻ֮ⷬǰанġ
ʼնţֻûϲаôҲϲа
ȻֻܹϲͿ϶ֻϲһΡ
Ϲ͵Űɣ
ǰ豾ǱȻҲ㳢һñӵĸܣ
аǻǣôûһǺˣ
ûֻܹԼ
ֻ߬еĺ飬߳ǰȻĿϹĨ޳ͦεӰվܵľͷ
ɫɫϣΪһɫĹâ
ֻվһԣȫ½ɢһ֮
ֻССһ£ҿղû˵ʲôĻȻȫϹš
үֻߵϹǰ͵͵Ľлһ
šϹһߴͦεվֻǰȫֻС
ǽڷִֻùź飬ʯڵ棬һƬġ
漴һ΢ĺϹĴ³ǳֻȴʮֵһظĺ
ͺĳڵõ˽һ㣡
ֻ̧ȥɲǣϹһ½ӵ˻УǹеϢϢ
ϸϸȥһɵµɽȪˮζζһʮֵĺš˵Ķԣ㲻ҪҲҪʲôΨһĴǲϲϹͷơͳ˵

42 

Ϣ䴫˿ĵζ纮ӭŵһ÷㣬Ϊ
Ľֻӵ뻳ȵϡ
Ҫ֪𣿡ϹǵͳԵٴδֻĶС
ֻؿϣܹȵֻĬĬһ£첻˵ƽûʲôĲ
漴ϹĻĵͷһɡ˳ӡ
Ϊ˱ױôģһͣǶֻĳŵ
󲿷ֵ˶ֻȥ˵ȥġ䡢֤ȴȥж
Ϲȴֱжʾ
ôģ֪ϹݵһµĻֻʣºޣϲ
Ϲ˵ڵаǹΪƷлƷλߵģֻҪŻȥҪ޸Ů˹ܴаһ·ŵʦſڣƾѡ
ڹŴŮ˵౻ΪһλĵһǸϹ˵УǸġ
Ҳ˵ڵòֻ΢еֵмֵĻةฮǧݣ
ţү㻹𣿡ֻϹĻ̧ͷǶȿȥÿԿһֱµ沿ͼ
Ϲ絶㡣
ϼΪߵԵʣҪȾļ԰һЩ
ȶˣ㲻ƽˡҲϣ´ΡϹƬ̶̣ɿֻ
ʱֻĴȴ֪Ϊζһ£Цȴּסˡ
ôˣϹ΢С
ֻҡҡͷƽĵûʲô
Ȼ˵ղ뵽һܺĻ棬ǵϹϵժ֮ϵļͲϵļγһԵķֽߡ
¶۾͵ĵطҪֵļҪһЩ͸èƵġ
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ʫϵҲ֪ôʹ˴С˶šа϶ǹΪǱϾǽǻδ룬㹫ȻĽ߳ϯҪᣬǹİռ裬ٳһƺĮӣǴ

Ȼֵȴһߵĵа̾Ϣаıңֻúջˮ꾫ȴݡ
аҲһ֣ʮϲةฮǧ𣬰ȥˣȻԴС꣬ϣ·˼̾Ϣһ˵ǰӢ۹˹ذ֮ǰСôԴаģںалԼʱͺͽ͵͵ˣ֮аشΣʱȡ˻Լ޸аŮˡаҪȢ
·ҲҡͷΪĲ⣬лż˿ߡ
ǰаݵλҪϵ϶𣬶˸취ôƫƫͶǸĽ٣ֺĴСжأ·˱ҲһԸţʮֵĲ⡣
Ϲ곯ʱУרĵĿеı飬洫ɫ˫Ĵֻ΢ơүпǸߣʦ£ýɨأҲةʹСȫû·СϹԣһõӵݵϹĸǰЦĶ
ֳγ
ʦСǺ꾫ջˮѾûʲôˡ
պСӻصةฮةฮҲòСٸͻȥ
ϹӹӷУľ׽ţɫµԾһƬƽ˫ڵ˫ʼնϵıϣû˿ı仯
СԿҲ˵óһɾϹŸղӵָ
һͣаܼұǰүةฮ˵ѾʹСˣСסаҲʣҪСӻةฮס
ϹСĲ£˸ŵԷλʡ
ҲãϹƿ˫˵֡
Ѿûκεĺ֮ˣֻҪӻ飬Ҳǲܵˡ
ܽУֻĵ̫£ͭƾʽɹɵݵ顣
һؾɻȹĵɫѩף͸
ǧ˿һ׵𣬼Ʒ˿ǰճٵգǰרע档
ĺﶬ߹ϹҪ˵ʱȴǱСסˡ
ģݷôˣֻʹͷõʵĵµŵϣĳš
ĺﶬվһԶ˵ֻ۾ֻıʾš
ֻʹͷѹûע⵽
СڲԶʾⴺﶬػ
ݷѾõòˣһͿԱСİȫˡĵɫһƬȴֲܹıʾ
ˣﶬǰѳѡ¹ʲôȥݷԣȡƻָÿֻһʮֵĸˣӨ͸˸Ĺâȴĺﶬ˻ػֻһרעŵݣһԹԵ˵˺ˣǾͳү糯ʱ͵͵ȥ棬طҶѡˣߣ٣ǽҲ
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˵꣬ص̾һɫĵʵ̫ˣһִʩûУ
ĺﶬɫһƬΪѣֻһüŪۣµָһҡţֻҪ˵ȥˡ
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ʱŻ
ʱϹû糯ܽϹ֮⣬Ҳû˻ˣ˵ʲôҲûʲôǡ
ϹվֻĲԶֻĻһС롣
Сȥȥ˽ǽͷӸߣ
ϹǶԴﶬ֣Ҳȥߵֻǰҷһʣȹֻۣԡ
ﶬʱͷһۣеɫһƬż͵ǡ
СôͻûзүǰͬʱҲĬĬС㲻Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ֻҲɵ߱ɵϰߣǹѧϰʮֵרעͶ룬˺Χ
ֱֻȫɫϸĩֱ֮½ǣ˦˦ɬֱۣŵϹϡΪǴﶬֱӽָ˹ȥԼĲ࣬ˣ

43 ȥ

Ϲֻס漴İֱֻۡ
ܿתŲֻòԾ
ﶬʲôʱôˣ
عͷȴһɫڽɫ·ųĹâȻȴ͸¶˿˿˺ơ
ֻ˫Ө͸͵õɴͬ˹һ㣬ѸٵվԶĵط
ү㣬ʲôʱģֻһһԼؿڣٵһƬš
ѽѽСĸΣһͷ͸ƬͻȻһɫ԰׵Ůǰһ㣬Ҫˣ
ȻʱֻŷﶬͲ֪ĶȥˣŵСԺоֻϹˡ
ΪҪǣϹԱߵģȻһûС
ͬ˵µʱ̫רעˣܲá
ͬ仰˵úе
ȻϹʲôʱģʲôʱԱߵûһ˿
ϹŵվͷŪһĻѣаֵĵֺһˣæûд㣬æˣ
˺һˣǾ˶ˣûղ˵Ļ
æˡֻϵľѾʹشү³ͦġ
ʲôʱӦûûеŵʱ䡣
ţճæǰһʱˡϹԾŵվڽɫ£΢˷ֱ治е
һʱô˵Ѿһӵʱˡ
ղ˵ǷҲ϶ˡ
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ةةฮס֪ôһĹϹѾߵֻĸǰ˰ȻվĸǰǰһĨůڵס
ֻ̧ͷȥֻ˵ͷ֪
ţǿȥʰɣЩʱ򣬱ةฮϹڸղŵֲֻᣬʲôûзһ㡣
ֻԭΪϹǲةฮģû뵽ȻôͬˣҲԣѾͽˣе·ҲȫϹסˡ
ڳ˰ֵַĴةฮų쵽֮⣬
ãллүֻһϸϸ顣
ӦõġϹֻڵ
һֻ㷲гԹģΪѾӴﶬ֪˵Ǿ仰ʱϹó֣
˶УһԵϹԾɳе鿴ʼնû˵ǶԸղŵֲֻᡣ
⵹ֻԽĲһԤУ֮ǰǸƽġ
ҲҺаةฮֵֻľ룬ֲĸоֻ֮ûˡ
ҪةฮжȹˣϹôģѾʲôˡ
¸´黹аµʱ䣬ңڵʱ»֮飬ʱˡ
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Ϲֻǽֻ͵ةฮſڲûнȥ
Ͽֻĳةฮ߽ȥżʱĨӯӰչĺһ˷ܵķɽةฮУһûӰ
ϹṴ𴽱һĨаĻȣ漴˳
ҹɫŨءī㸲ةฮһƫƧУһ˫ֺȻںɫǽͷϣһԴǽͷ̽˳
¿û֮󣬱ֽŲ÷ǽͷ
ǽ´ﶬһżС㣬Ͻɣү֪ҪǽͷȥˣջةฮҪǽȥˣү֪ˣġ
ڴﶬĿУֻһֱǸׯŵŹ㣬˭֪ദʱһֻıԱ㱩¶˳
ǰһöŮû˺ȴǺǴһƬԸԾ뷨أӸ󣡡ˣȰˣΪү֪Ҫǽȥ飬ҲŻةฮǽһܲţ¸Ҽ϶ûлǽˣҲΪ˶ǽļ˵
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ŵĻˣ
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ֻ֣һڳУŽϰڷŵĸָСԡ㡢ǹǹͷĵΪá
Ŵֳǹ˹ۼ˲ٰϷӼǱݣгģ˵ģҵģбħ׺˵ġ
֮Ƿ֣
ֻƷһŴɫʳ׼˹ķȥʱȴվ·͵һѸ˺ߵĻϡӣĹǴͿʼѧգ黭ͨһùøˡνһ۾ͿֻŲǸ˹֮ˣִδ糾

صشӻֻ롣
ֻǰŷϣ˵ĻյӰҡ죬ҹƽһ롢컵Ϣ
Ŵ¥ִ˵һɫʵĵطһǳŵֳ
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⻭Ǹḻˣֻ֪ɢϢĹӼΪĺƭÿһͻƭһ
ӣͽȥȺȲ裬ʫǻĹʫֵ⣡΢Ц磬ưĽֻʱһֻǿץסֻģһ¾;ͽֻ˳䣬ȴĵλӼȻԸͲǿˡ

44 㱾κ

𱿴˲ͱ侪ǵŵЦĻصȥкȥˡ
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ǺɣϹɤƿƬĴζĿڡ
ֻֻϹסֺǲڵŤŤҪϹгϹȴţȫûзſ˼
Ȼôˣ㱾ȥδôϹֵڣ¡
ֻΪʲô⣬ôةฮֲֻᡣ
ϹȻ˵ˣҲӦ
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ֱʱֻŷϹһûЯκεʹӣҲǲڰûп
ϵţ͵ȴʧ£͸һĹӸ޶ֻԾɢ壬ƣϲҿ
үֻ׼˵
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ӣǣֲðɣԽǵڵλã˱ֻһЩСС
һװڱ˵ǣ֣׵۹ôܹأ
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һֱŶ⴬ʱϹɿֻ֣ӻͳһЩҵС
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δܿżյƣ繣ΰʡһӦȫ⴬ϵһֻа˸
ʱеվڻо»ƵСǰ£еϾƷŲ衣
ҲеһԵ͵͵˵⻰
߽ʱҲ֪ôģͻȻһ°˫ĿˢˢĳϹ˹
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תƺƺָ˭˾ҪĻʹðжѡһΪͷ𣿡ֻµԾԾԵһһɨ
֣վŵλӺһ𣿡ʱһĻ˵ˣǽһɣ˶Ҳ֣
ֻһվϹҡҡͷȽϲϲ֣
Ϲϲϲ֣֪ǾԲһĻðյģ˭֪Щʲô⡣
䣬սϹתɫϣճ沿
޳ĳȣߵֻĸǰڣҶܸȤ
ϹϺɢһ㣬ֻǼ򵥵ļ֣ȴ˲ôڵտʼΧƣ˲ʶķӡ
ֻЦЩӲЩԸԱŲŲϹճһλá
ֵֻϹתƿӵʱ򣬱תСϷʼ֮ǰһ仰Ҫ˵ǰ棬ǴðջĻľһʹ̼ҲҪעִͳ߶ȣ̫ˡͱ֪˲ӾҪºһȦӾ
仰˵ģͬʱҲ˵Ϲġ
һɣ
˽Եͷͬ⣬ֻϹԵһС꿪ʼʱϹһˣ
һ˷ܺͺ棬Ħȭƣӵģǵһ棬ȽϽţһöˡ
ƿת˼ʮȦŻͣƫеָϹ
ԱߵֻһԵϹ
ĻɣϹƿɫˮ˫΢
꿴ϹϵɫʵΪʲôҪɫ߰
һκصˣˣֻܴߣϹȪˮʯΪӴһ˿⡣
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ֵ˴ɫ·꣬¾ƺָһ˵ꡣ
ѡ˴ðգ΢һ£վڴͷǱ
һȵĺ֮˽ԹЦձԽɻֵ꣬תһԴż꣬Ϊͺߡ

45 ¸´

ֻһۼʱ֪һŮһŮװ
߽ʱĿʱʱ䵽ϣ¹λһƬģʼնӦ
Ůԥ˼£΢΢ź죬ϸ˵Ļ
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ǺЦһԲԶĽֻ
ֱֻӺԵЩĿ⣬ʲô֪ɹŵȻЦ⡣
ֵĸ˵ʱôתֻǻһЦ
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ĸ˲ʵּ֪плˣ
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ĻǴðգֻѡ
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ҪˣѡɣϹֻһ˼ͽı飬īȾĺɫͫлһĨЦ⡣
ðգֻ¶˾Ը󣬶ԸϹ֪¡Ϲתһ۴⣬ʮﳤѾǰɫˮĴùֽдһ仰۵ݵֻУôѾˣ㵽ǰֽϵݴ
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˽㲻֪ˡϹȻ˵յֻĸǰƵĵòǻԽɣֻ߶ϹµζıǼ⣬иһѹȵĸо

46 ¸³ɻ飬ȥ

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ϹɫаĻȹյԽ䣬ֻһ֮㽫ֽ
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ȴֻһεѹͬһʯѹһ㣬ѹһʱүҴˣҾΪǴڸУ̫ˣԲŻ͵ģ´βˡֻʹϸĵǸ˵껹Ե̧üۣ͵ۿϹ㲻Ҫ
ҵ֪𣿡
һĨ޵Ц⻺ϹĴѿͬڻ㣬ǰаȣк𣿡
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ǾǺͱһʱģ
ȻǣǾһûҲûʲô˿˵ԺģֻҲҡͷ
һǲģǼ尾Ϲתʹֻﵭģˣ֮ǰةฮʱʱеС̸ģٲɻΡһ˴ȷʵίˣ

47 үǵŮ

ֻԽôԽЩԾ
ϹҪʲôȴʱϹ߬⧲ĽĻɫߵ°ĵĶͷϣͳƵĵʽ֮󣬱ʱ㡣
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ͻȻϹֻЩϰߣԽ͸Ϲ˼ˡ
һҪŭˣһȴǽ뻳У˵ЩĻ
ȵ̬ȣֻʮֲӦ
ԸϹʼն뵭Įֻǰʱ΢ӣҲҪһһֶһӡ
ȫ׽͸
ã֪ˣֻ˵ͷһ˳ģ
ϹֻʹȥݣĽͶһεӰȥǰˡ
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ʱһ󴺷紵ǰϸĳճٵա
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Ǳةฮ֪ãֻںӨͫͣۿתţɡ
֪ģϹƶ˵ֻĻᡣǲеģұʱ֮ǰȥģΪĺﶬأûаʱȥǿ϶ҵġүҪҵĻةฮҾǡֻҧ̺
Ĵһ̧ˮһ˵
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үҪ˯ˣֻϴ裬ɢͷһ˿Ửɴȹ߽ʱ
ϹȻľǰʹͷе飬ϵȴѾˡ
Ϲ̧ͷվٻɫƹȵӰڵ
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ֻߵϹĸǰһ£Լֻܷܷȡֻȡ
δʱǸ⣬֪ûŮ𣿡Ϲе飬Ϫˮļʶȴһ˿˿⡣
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ֻϸ΢ı仯׵ıϹУаԾɵĵȻҪֻ岻ãʱĵ˱û뱾ͬУ¸¾ܵʦˣ
Ϲ˵Ϊ棬ڸֻЦ
ֻѹͲںͲһǵŮأ
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ȻڷչƣôԽԽǱС˵ˣ
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ҪסĻʱ͹ͨˡ˼Ϲ򴽣Ȥ˵

48 

ֻٴҧҧͷҲ͵øˣҲС˺ܶ࣬һסɣүҲܣ
˵ֻ룬ʱӦþĽ⣬ȻرϹԽֳԴµ⡣
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ʱ˫뵵Ϲ˫ڵͫԵ濴һĨϷŰ
ȷģϹҪĻǺηӦѡǵŮˣôȢ㣿ϹȪֻĶµɽȪˮζݼĲ㣬ֱıϢ˵˵Ϲֻӭ
Ȣһˣңв
ֻ͸ӨӯӯǵһʲôղŵķӦϹ⣡
˵Ҫ֪ĻֱӻϹԲзۡ
콫ֹߣ˱˵˧ãʱʱ̿
УôˣԺֱӾͽԴ
ϹԵĸоԭ˵仰ʱָоϸ΢ȴܹ׵ĸܵ
үղƭˣֻգһ˫ˮܵ۾ʵϢأЩ١
ΪһԱҪݵĺãҸҪлĻ
ڶ㣡ϹĻƤȴԾһӡ
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үſңҪ˯ˣ
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ֻ⻰˫ձϵ۾־㵵
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ޱԼԴˣֳ˹˯
Сվһԣֻӣɵ͵Ц
ڲ𴲵Ļة˱֪ˣϹƬ̶ֵ̣˵
仰ƺЧֻͷϵޱƿ糿Ŀޱ֮УϣһƬ⣬ٴԴ
Ũܶ˳Ľգ˼¡
ƾһɲ֪־ֻ˼Ҫû±û˶ȴ߶ţĺ
ǣȻڴһֱȥ˯ţ˺ҹʱ򣬱Сʲôһˮȣˮȣˮȡ
ûĶӱ㿪ʼˡ
Ҫ´ֵĽѣһֱ֧Դţ˯˹ȥ
ʱѾˣһҹѾˣŻ˵
ֱֻըˣöö仳ˣվһЦԽÿˡ
ǾͲةฮˣϹһ۲룬Ҳ֪ǱЦݸȾˣΪӵֻʵ̫ɰĴҲڲ֪һ㵭Ц⣬ů
ޱֻ仰üһ£Ĵ³һ֡
үôС˯ɣЩȥˣϹ˵ةǱߡ
ֻҪɫһةฮǱֻ֪߱ˡ
ϹεĿһ۴űӵֻ͸ة˵Ļֽˣűһةฮ
ǣС빧ĵһһϹʹϵֻγ媵һĨЦ⣬ʱϹĶߵ˵һ䣺үԴСƺԽԽأ
죡Ϲ⻰ڴߵЦһסתñжһ˿
Ŵ˯ֻ˫ҹ˫ͫʱҲһƬͬһɲ̶㣬һߡ
ͷҲص߳˷䣬ĨıӰڴ⳿عâҫ¹¾ֶ͡
ʱűӵֻҲ۾ֱҲһ󣬱ƿԴеıӣſһۡ
̺ĴǹһĨʤЦݡ
һʱЭԶЭҪǲĵ۸ǰɣ
Ȼ²͸ϹʲôԼĵȴġ
ةϵ֪Ϲҹ֮Ͽܲ˵ʲôԺҪةฮнߣǻϲˣ
ֻóѵЦţ۾Ķȥ˯Ļˡ
Ϲ󣬴ܽһֱص鷿
Ϲһδ౨㿪ʼרעĿ
Ϲȼһյ⣬鷿ڵĹ߸Щ㹧ĺһߡ
㻹ȥ£Ϲ౨̧һ۲룬һƬȻ
үǸة˵ǴСةฮ͵ܳײ˵үةฮСӳģʹԴһѴ纬ЦɤӷΪö
Ϲе౨ĴһĻȣųɽһƬ
룬ʲôʱôˣūҲΪү룬⼸ദūŵǾôСӻǲģҲ˺ܶࡣǰЩūżȻײСͬﶬ˵Ǻүйء˵˶٣һ
Ϲɫּ˵ܽССԸﶬÿնҪ·϶ˮû˵ΪʲôūСӦ֪үһ˴᲻ʣԡ
ϹīȾͫУ΢΢һĨɫȷÿȥܽʱ·϶пˮĺۼʱҲû⡣

49 

ԭ֪ʣԿⶣﶬôġ
Ϊʲôڲ˵
ūһֱΪСԸ˵ȴû뵽СڶûүĻеǴżɻ
ϹٴεʹĵΣ
ǰһ˵С㻹үģ
ֻ˵Ǹˣֻ֪̱ˣԲŻ⣬ûϵЩ飿ʼϹǳһ
˵ǵĹԴʧѹ飬Ϊϲ˱ˣԺĵλܵвѡΪ꣬걾϶ΧתģϲϱοݣҲ֮ǰǰͺˡôܻԱģǡ
Ϸˣ׵ģһֱף
Ϲ˵ֻԶԴϹԴ
ΪϲϹȻҲģү˵ҲеСȷǺѶүĵģҲһֱүĴ䱸ϾСҲ֪ȥ˺үô࣬үͻǴСĸĹүҲ޲
ɣ
Ϲ仰ȴЦһ⺮£û취һΣʱ̶±תͶ˻ˣ
ȴһЦүūŲ˼
ʲô˼Ϲʵ
ūŵ˼ǡСȷʵƯҲϲүûҪΪȥ飬һֱԴС㹢ڻѹԼĵ뷨
仰Զ
֮ǰļƻүӦǽСͻةฮة֪С͵ܳȥ֮󣬿϶ԴСݺݹܽһôСȡѵԺ󲻸ٷ
үͲڴСǰ˵ЩӵĻڴСǱ߳
ôС㲻ǰү
үȴͻȻıע⽫˸
룬ڱ֪꣬ʲôϹ⣬һĺ㳯ȥ
ֻǸӹȻǵʹȥĳγȴǰֻ֮̿⣺ү˴ү˼Ҳūܹүԭ򣡡
үū߾ūүǽѵģūǲү˼ôүǽأ
ϹŴǣ߱ӦôүϲСϲʹСһʹһʲôȥʲôֻҪүԼģ֪ԼҪʲôͺãСΪڲԹɫ˼ϸŻᱻ
ߡ
ϹʵǺìܵġͬүղ˵ΪС㸶ʱ䣬ǴСȻϲ㡣үֺγأС˺㣬ү㻹ϲСģⲢү޴С
ȥС㵱Ϊ
ϲͺǿԲģڸϲʱϲڸú޵ʱޣֻҪүպöȾͺã𿴲С˼ȴǱ˭
仰ǸϹڼȻûд㱨С㣬ǾԼ飬ȵҪʱڽȫĺóҲ١
ԴСү֮ǰЩ飬ѾүһȱӲǽ
СʲôүŴ򿪣
ܹϵȥѣ
ϹĴǵһĨĻȣī㸲һƬԨ
ȷʵԴֻ̬ı䣬ǲǲ˵ϲ
ֻӡһֱǶׯš԰ǧС㣬Ȼǽ顣
ֻô˵ʱһ˿ġ
ֻ˵ôķƵһСһ֮ǰǾԲܵˡ
ҪֻʱȴǸŮģ
ǰĲ𣬺ǲͬһˣ
Ȼ֮صةฮ֮ȻŮװǽϷ˳
ͥŲڳУһж˺ģһֻոϵСèһ㣬ٵǰ͸鶯
͸һֻ͵ܳСһ㣬áƤ˻ЦҲˬʡģ
δӵֻ
˱˵ĳĬԣͻȻһ㿴ĬȤӣһﶨ˺⣡
ֻ̬ȸıʵԭ
ΪϵֻĸһֺʣԼڲͬصĸо
̬ȲΪȾ˶ѣϲϲûκε
ة࣬СڱˣϹʹٴοڵ
⻰̧һϹ˳ȥ
һǧ±Ϲǰ
ȥһֻǲǰǸֻһ˵Ըһγ˾Ͳ׵ĸı䡣
ɻɣֻǲڽĥˣΪԼة˽һֻòƵŮٰ磡
ǧµش̹ĵǣ
һҹֻ˯̤ʵʱϹ뿪һʱ
ǽһǽһ泩
ֻһȻʮ´£Ȼ͸źĲǰȥˡ
룬үѾȥةฮ𣿡ֻ죬һֲֻŴڼͷһƳԾɴŸ˯ѵĺۼŴŴģͬëᡣ
ǣѾȥˣ
õ϶Ļشֻ֮ĽŲԽˣ·ǧҲʼQ
ֿ
Ȼֻ֪һжµϹ
үΪȽϿİɣֻһỽ˳ǻ졣
տżϹһ˫ڵ˫䵽ֻϣ漴嵭ĵţŰɣ
ţֻӦһ׼ȥǰĵġ
Ĳһ
ֻѸٵʶԼЩˣϹû£Ͷӣʵڲ
̷˵ĿӣСĽĿϹүҡ
޷԰ɣϹԾǵģȴ˿ֻΪ
⻰ֻʹͷһͷΣĵϹ
ֱϹʱԼٴξȥԵĵġ
Ȼǰȥܽܿʯ·ˮôﶬģһϹĵĿڵ
ǣֻ˵ͷ
ΪʲôϹͷҨһƤࡣ
ΪǱһɣǻǻĲʡֻ΢˼һ£֪ϹôͻȻ
仰˵꣬ɫԱһ¡𣿡ϹԾɲɫӲĻ˽˰ɣ

50 

ү⼾ϾҪȥˣͦãջ³ֻҡͷ˵
˫媵⣬Ҳָ˸ղŵĳĬ
ةฮУةѾǰȺһƬ֮ɫ
ʱֹܼҽүүʹСˡ
ϹĨ޳߻ӰӴľο˽ǹȻۻ˲ͽס
Ȼһ˳ֻ
ү㽫ͻةฮôϻֻᵽаةͦεվϹǰŹ̬ȴǲ
룬ةҲ֪Ϲ˰ҹةฮֻȥġ
ةฮаֵֻľ룡
ϹȻλϣ嵭ȴһĨ֮ǱڳżȻģһͬȥ̫δʱɫŻס
ʲôةֻͬʱסˣ
ǴӦةϵ
컹ûʱϹ˵òϵ˽ةฮӻġ
ǰ󲻹ʱʱ䣬ôͻȻˡ
үôܣû΢˵ةฮة໹ԼŮģѹûԼŮԼ͵ةฮһ뵽ϹΪԼ
ة˵ɣϹתͷվһԵֻ˵
΢һ±ĳһ㡣
ϹĨ׽͸Ͷ䵽ʱȻһ⡣
ʹͷеֽˮƽǣŮڳү
ةһһ±Ծһź;顣
ة˵ʲôֻϵŮˣŮҪȥ棬µͬ⣬Ա͵͵ǽةฮ븸𷣣
˵ֻ꣬ϸǱȴ÷ıֱ
㡭˵ʲô㾹Ȼ͵͵ķǽܳةฮةֻ֮ɲűţ
ǷŴԾһƬšõةฮǧ𰡣СͽܡĵµĽôֲšܻԼ飿ҪǴȥΪĶ飿ةһʱ侹Ǳ˫ֱ

ֻѾˣ˶ŮǺ꾫ǺջˮΪһ֮࣬Ū޴档
ˣֻҪаĴֻֻҲĴаͺãǷʱЩȻͻʧ
ҲֻصةฮסЩʱ䣬ǸŮ˵һ强ĵĻ
ֻΪаãһаǺֻģǿӵķϣֻһЩ
û뵽ֻĵһϣûüֻ˵ϼ仰Ȼǽˡ
ةฮǧܹǴȥڻϺȺǰô̧ͷ
ةฮǧҹǽ⴫ȥָжʹֻǰҹɣҪӳǽأ
֮ǰةܹ̣ǰҹǽǾԲ̣ڹС
һ¸أҷϣ䲻ӧңȴΪעĸ֡
ҹǽ鹵飬ڽҿԣǷةฮ;ԲУֻһкӣҲǾԲУ
Ů֪ˣŮ´βˣֻûйĽͺͱ⣬ֱ̬ȳϿҵϴǸڽ飬Ϊ֪㶼ΪаˣҪʱʱ̿̽ݣôˡܻҷ磬ةฮ飿Һа
˽˻Ϊǰҹǽ˽ģΪôϡаͣةһʹļס
ŮǷµģǽļϡ
ֻԾʳвϽаĻԼ
УȴվΪŮҲһ˿˽ϣŮ޸֮һ˳˳ˮٻһ
ȴû뵽Ȼ䵽˾档
ǣŮԸһгͷֱֻͦ壬̬Ȳĳةĳͷ
ͨ˼ұĸˣҲһ
˵ڼҷϵةฮˡ
ةԽԽοа⣬ҪֻҲаǰӡ
ﶬȥСҹةฮѾ߲һϷ򣬰ةฮأʮؽСݷʡ죡ةϵĶֹܼ˵
ֻȴ˵ʹﶬ޹أѾӣҪʲôҲֻҵģͳͷһ˰ɣ
ͷǣôܹǳԣ֪ЩЩ鲻ةϵɷ
ֻȴһץסة˵Ůһеﶬĳͷǰʮ壬ؽСݷʡ죡
һ仰˵ةʹģָֻһʱ˵
һʼղϹˣ˫ⲻɵ䵽ֻϣһƬ˼ָŪֵĹؽڣŵĿȰ˵ةˣȻѾ֪ˣ¾˰ɣ
ϹǲȰοãһةǺ˺ģаԲУϷŮϷ򲻽̺ܽãԺǻַͬĴϷθϽ
ֹܼңСȥؽóдŮ¡һʹӼڴǰ̤һةֹܼ˵
Ͼа¾Ҫɻˣǲܵˣֻֻܽ㡣
ةˡϹվ׼˵ʲô
ةȴǶϹ΢΢˹ֵүδү飬ǳļ£ϣүҪֹ£̬Ƿļ˿ûκأ
ϹֻĬıֹܼҴȥڵͫһƬ䡣
ةǵﶬպҪΪѾ߸ֻޣʮĵʮ壬ֻһؽãֻдŮ¡
ʱֻվõİǰǰһŮһʼд
ϿȥһƬƽͽϹʮ˴ʺһ顣
ôֱȱ컹죡
Ҫ˸ġ
ĵǰˡ
֪ʲô˼
ڷŭȴǶϹ޲
˭֮ǰǷϹôأ
ССıҲȻġ
Ϲվ⣬þö淢һ죬йûС볯õŷ￴˿Ϲ˵үСĵĳдŮأ

51 ԽдԽ

šϹĶһľ飬ʱֻӦôسŲŶԣʲô飿
ûб飡ش
ԽˣֹֻܼҴߵʱȥһۣȴǻƽ͵ĳдŮ£
ʵ̫ˡ
⣬úõտС㣡Ϲѿζڵ
ǣصַ˵ֻ֪ҹǽةฮаô˸ŵϢ֮νֿ˻ϲɵĻһĨյĹâǸ꾫ҹǽةฮ
ȥɰɣ
һԵһ˵壺ô˵㲻ģ
ַһˣɵִ˴µԴѾͷ
ڳүةฮ㻹Ͻȥү˵˵飿ַ˿ΪµĻ²ġ
˵Ҳة֮ŮǵλȴֻԶǰ׵У˵ҲвȨ֮ˡ
ȴûһַ˿۵ġ
ƾʲôϵĺȫֻһ̯ˣƷҪ޸Ʒа
Σȴһαһκã
ةŮֻȻܼôãƾʲôŮ¾Ͳܼôã
ַî˾Ҫ¼аֻҪպó裬֮λ
ȴЩԥìܣǵҳԺ
ԺſڵţүܹԺſ·ģ
룬ԥһ£˵ͷ
үվڹεſڵһǰϹĨ޳Ӱ£ϵɫҲһɫĹâС˵Ĵӵ£ҫۡ
Ϲ˼飬ȴԶԺſվһɫĽӰεߡ
ϹĴǲɵ¶һĨůĵЦ⡣
£ңϹߵԺſʵ
¿ϹǰϲɵķһĨ죺ţ˵үˣү
ʲô£Ϲǰ¾ڿԼһһᵭҲ΢һЩµʹ룬˵̸˵Ļүү¸¾Ҫˣǽةฮʱˣ±ʱͽȥɽ˳ȥ
ģǽΪ˴ˣҪһֱصǰһ죬Ժ¾ûлںͽһȥˣүɲȥҵ˵˵ҽ顭
Խ˵ԽСʹüĿ˵仰Ե̧Ϲһۣ
㻹Сʱһϲ棡Ϲɵ˵һ
⻰ͷøˣҲС˺ࣺܶһСĻ޵Ҳ£ֻҪͬ⣬ҾͿȥҽ棬Ҳүͽȥɽ̤ˣ
˵⻰ʱ´ż棬һϦͻصСʱһ㡣
ǰֻʮĻסȥû⣬ˣòӣ
׵κԽӴˣ
ϹϵЦֶ˼Уãȹ죬Ҿȥة˵˵ȥɽ̤࣡
һˣ̶ϹǵʱүҲȥ𣿡
Ϲҡҡͷһδɻ飬ڱһǸˣǸȥˣǻỵڣ
ðɣЩʧĻصɵ͵ͿڵСʱãûôĹأ
ŮӵҪ񳤳ɴˣȻҪע⣡Ϲ֪Сʱϲ㣬Ҳϲ档
Ϊǻ´ܶȤĶ棬ҲԸ⻨ʱ档
⻰ٴȾһĨ糺죬ϸ˵ϲµ˶Ȼ⣬үԴ
㹻СϹȴˣɫˮĴϲɵһĨεЦ⣬޵ĲԶұ÷һȥɽˮǸã
û˵ֻĵ˵ͷȴЩʧ
ϣԺһͬȥɽˮ
˵죬Ϲ곯ٴةฮµĿϹȻ˼ģǰܡ
ة˼аִˣȴҲ̾ͽֻ÷ųȻүΪ飬ϳƹضҪдƪŮ·ܴ
ƪʱֻһСϣСˣֹܼ࣬ҵɵ˵һ
ǣС㣬ֻҪ㾡콫ƪŮ³д꣬ͿԴȥˡֹܼҵİѱֻУȻֻڵ
ֻü˼ţ˷̫˵ܡ
ҪԲõϹˡ
ϹѾ˳ȥ˵ģ
˵Ϲ飬дƪŮ¾Ϳ뿪ûָˡ
Ըõ죬Ҳȥˣ˭֪ϹʲôϷ
ã֪ˣֻƵĿڡүߵϹ󹧾ĽһմС㶼һֱﳭдŮ£ú˼˵һйүĻֹܼҸߴСֻҪдƪŮ¾ͿԳȥ
֮ūŷһ硭
ôˣϹվڷĺˮԱߣˮůɽȪˮԴűСһҳŮ¶ûг꣬ǰٶȵĻǵ˴죬С㶼δܹдһƪʵڲ˵ȥСͷʱۿŴСһһѧд
Сһ㣬ٶȼ
˿ź޲ùϵıд
ϹⱡĴǲɵĹһĨĻȣǲгҪڼ
ҲڰƢ
ĺﶬϵȻʹҲѾ·ˣֻٶȣüż
С㣬ٶȣҪʲôʱܳдƪ
ֻȴüһ͵ĿԼдľСּΪĿ
ΪԭԵʣ벻ԼȻдôƯһë֣ΪҪǣд˵ıʼһԼģһԭġ
ǴԽһָɣ
Ҳֻ֪ɵ˵ûһ˿һż֮ɫ
С㣬Ѳڴ֮ǰ𣿡ﶬһ½ţƨһʹ⣬øˡ
ֻȴЦһҡҡͷ֪أһν
һֱ졣յţȴʱ֨ѽһˣĵ̴ŷмͶ䵽ֻϣһɫ÷ȹȾһɫ

52 аǿ鹷Ƥҩ

Ϲվſڣһɫƽۼ˳еüΪţ
·֮նʼˣһε֮ɢ
ôĺﶬʶĵʹͷ˵һ仰
ֻϵǺʩʩȻĸϹ˸񣬵ͻһү
Ϲߵֻǰʵ
ֻҡҡͷң
û뵽ةôϹĵ˵ųɽ˫ֻͫʹüϣٴμü֮з͸¶һĨ롣
ôû뵽أ뵽ˣȻΪʲôҪ˵أ
ֻлص
ҲȷҪһѵϹƿɫˮ˫΢˵䲻󣬿ȴƴһ㣬ôﶬͷɵһݡ
֪ةฮȥүǺܲĵģֻ˳һϴ̬õģԻûү
ȻΪʲôԸϹ΢Уʵ
ҲպٷҪЩʱգԴ˽νѵֻü۵ʹϸһƬᣬǳϿңƺ̵ʶԼĴһ㡣
һһȭͷ޻ϵĸо
Ǳͱֻϴ̬ȸжˣϹȴаȵĹ˴ǣֱֻ۾ͳƣȻѾ֪ѵˣǱҲﷴʡ
˵ĲԸ룬С㳭дŮȥة˿
ǣүһûгдãֻ̧һ˫ã˫ӭϹ˫ͫ
ûϵʣµıѾ˰㳭дˣϹĿڣ˵űֻһ߳á
ϹתһɲǣһĨЦֻпٻݼš
ة࿴ϹֻߵǰдõŮµݹʱةϻһĨοЦ⡣
붼룬Ů¶а˳дģ
ȻаҪֻͷȻǸ˵ġ
ȴûбֳԾһ飬ֻ˵Ȼү飬ΪĹ㣬ڸҷĻΪ͵ûŮ
ǣĽѵŮģ󶨻úõĴةฮձŮŮ䣬ϸ׼飡ֻϴ̬Ǻõ˼㡣
Ϲȴһ۾ͿⲻֻҵĽڶѡ
ÿὫӵסԲŻ˵ⷬ
ڳϿҵϴʵȴΪ˶
ة仰һο̳Ůȱ˲أֻż᷸һκͿѡ
ⲻֻܹùֽϹ嵭ĿһУˮһƬ˺Ѳµĵ뷨ȻһĨаȴȻĳڵУԽԽĿӡϹ֮
С
ةˣôģҲǸˣةæ˽Ϲ仰ѯʵȴǴŲɷơ
ة㶣һƬ˼Ҫһԥľܾ뵽ǻа֤ĹµĻᣬ㿪ʼԥ
ү˵ڻʥּ֮ǰһֱסаģ¸¾Ҫˣչڴ֮ǰǲܼģοϡة˼˵
ѾֻòˣǸصں͹ȴҪصġϹȴĴһֻаĵȻ֪ЩأԳةˣ֪飬ͬʱҲة˷ģֻı֮
ͻ뿪ةฮةฮයƬ̣
аѾ˵ˣҲûʲôԾܾˣסǼգѾ˷֮ʵֻȴʱ򿪿ڵүסǼգүĹҲʮֵķæүѵõϢʱ䣬С²үķ񡣲үԺÿǰة
ţʱ䣬үıүͲͷܣˣ
ֻһƬϿң־䶼ΪϹǡة˲ɵ룬˼ֺã˵ҲмֵүÿյĹ˿ѷϳүÿտԽϳȻ˺˳ةฮ
ıһõ鰡
ʵةҲǲԸаϵةฮֻһСϹḧֵĹأɫˮĴһƬ䣬漴ĵעȷʵֻոʽƾٿԵȫȨ˱һ춼ҪھӪУ
ֻеϲܴӾӪл
ة˼ź룬ڳ͢ô꣬ô᲻ֻаҵһǶѡ
Ȼûپܾˡة׼˵ȴֻȴ̧һ˫Ө͸ӯӯϹϵȾһĨΣϸתˣүȻ˷æ
ôүÿڰæгеϢʱıأүŻʵĻڹĻȵ»죬ŮŮ´ͷβһү
Խ˵ֻϸԽСȥǱ̧ӨϸҲĵʹȥӯӯˮиȾһ֮⡣
ة಻ɵһ˹ȥϹеа˹Խɫһ˫޵Ľüһ£䲻һĨ֮⣺ôױ⣿㱳Ů¡ŮǼ٣Ҫ
棡Ѿϰÿˡ˵ǵ»֮ҹȴŮ¡ŮǷ̫ݳˣ
ȿȡϹ˵꣬ةٴתɫȻϳӦү󣬲үҲҪӦϳïʱүһҪ뿪ةฮ
ǣة˵Լʱ䱾뿪ةฮϹĻصͳдԡ
Ȼ˫ڵȴǰֻϣżаζ
ֻʹԾһƬ֮⣬鿴ȥһƬƽĵȴǽϹˡ
ô͸ƤҩһҪϣ
ôһʱ
һʱܸʲô
Ѳٴ
ֻصԺʱһ꣬ȴֲֳܱҲ˵ʲô
Ϊ滹һ룡
ɼҲֻܷѣҲǶϹ᲻
Ϊԭ֮ǰ̫˺Ϲˣ
ĴףûκݺʹȥԴף
ͬǣԷ۶ʲô㶼ûǸʸȥ˵Ǻˣֻˣ֮ǰֻȻҲһһ˻

53 ױ

ⲻֻսݣַ˱Ѿ˽
һһ۵˵үҲǵģȻĺóЩֲ赭Сԣô࣬Ǵۣ
űֶŴﶬԸѾԸǱÿնС˲ƷյĶǶҪúźСȥ
ʹˣֻһߣһȲ裬嵭ĻشǴӦģүҲǵģ΢ͺˣϾ¸¾Ҫɻˣôһֱصǰһأʱ򻹲֪ݳʲôӣ屾ҲãϧүǱ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻܿСַ˼ֻⲻ䲻ȵķӦɫ㲻ɽӲһЩ漴ѸٵĻָ糣ߵֻǰ¡
ҺǸӴԺſүүȥү飬ȻүҪصǰ죡
ַ仰˵⣬￴ڹġֻʵȴֻ͸¶һϢ
Ǿô챻ųǿȥүةǰġ
˵ʲôүµķǲġ
ֻ仰üһ̶Ц˵οллˣ
ȻĨЦȴ۵ףѹϹةǰ˵飬ԭΪ¡
⵹ֻЩ벻ϹĿͦҪġ
ͦҪģϹԴµ̬ȻСʱǰСչˣԼһ㿴Ӧ
ΨжԴ˾޴ĸıѣӦģĽ㣡⼸һֱ߶Ҫһͬȥɽ̤࣬ȥ㿴ʲôʱпձȥһˣҲʡҶ߶ˣַЦǵУ
֮ٲȻǽֻԼŮ
ðֻתһ⣬̱ӦЩɵĵµ᲻ͬ⣡
ᣬǽһγȥ̤ˣǶûлˣַҡͷĻǼᶨ
ǼᶨةܾˣҲܹϹةǱȥɣ
ֻٴüٵһƬƵֻҪܹةฮͺãôģ
С㣬㿴㵱޸嵥үø㿴費Ҫüַ˼ױ嵥Ƶֻĸǰ
ֻЩСļױ嵥вɵһĨ貵Ĺâ
մһҳеĹâԽˡ
չγɶԡ̽׷γɶԡͭ̽γɶԡɺ̽䷢γɶԡ
ξдһֽ
ֻ˷۾Ǻ޲ȥ˹Ŵʮױʲô˼ˡ
ĿĿۻҡ
ЩױǶӵˡһЩΡ·ƥʲôģǴСùĶҪãڷʲôү˵˻ǰԭȵĿ޹ȥ㿴ЩֻŶҾʲô
¹أЩȥַָָ嵥еļֻ˵
ֻۿд嵥Ǿȡ
е嵥ȫѾ˻ةฮˣֻάƽȴ˿˻
֮ǰ׽ţ뿪а֮ǷҪһҽԼ
ȫãֻҪЩױ֪תߣɵĽΪСһöˡ
ǣȫڿⷿأַ˵ͷ˵
Ǻãھȥⷿһ£ЩҪãֻϵ嵥һƬ˷ܡϲ
ǺԼΪʲôѧĲǽڻģʱתЩױʱɼһЩ
ַֻ仰ϵЦһ£С㣬Щ½ȥˣֻ˵ʲôҪõľУЩԻȥţվֻĲ뽫ַ˸ղŵı龡۵ףЦ˵˵ǣЩҪȥˡΡƥУкܶС㶼ûдС㷴⼸ةฮ
ûʲô£ȥⷿϲΡƥʲô£
ַһϵЦԽĽӲˣھ͵ֻˡ
ҲãֻЦŵͷţұȥⷿ
ЩȫĶȷһ
ǲȥһۣô˯أ
ˣС᲻ᷢʲôֻסԺ߳Եֱѹʵ
ַһܷʲô˿ⷿһĶǣûһ;ˣôܻᰤأ
ֵͷҲǣСӴֵģЩӲ⣬Ҳᷢʲô¡
аǱߵ˻ᷢʲôַȴǸ߸ߵ̧°ͣŵʹôĶаЩ͸аĺ񣬹ƶҪⷿˣаЩôʱ䰤ȥ̵أ̧
ֱӱⷿˣ
ţֻôﶬ˴С²ǰֹܼⷿѾǰ˽ֻļױ˳һȥǵ̻ƵĴľ·ѤõĹâĺľȻûǰճʱǰ޶ĿȴȻѪ

һһȥҪֻе÷ƻҪ޼֣
һֱĬĬֻԣżͷֻֻۣɫٵĲϸŶ˵Ĺ⻪պĴ΢΢ճһĨŨ˵Цݡ
һЦ䣬Ӳԡ
δֻЦôÿһһԴ㣬˳У֪·
Щľкܶ඼ŵɫġϲ֣
ůһľͷζֻıϢ䣬ǰºŵġ
ֻ΢̧ϸӨ׵򦣬ӭŷڣһڣʣҫˡ
ⶼǮζ
ֹܼǰĵС㣬ȴΡƥ·㻹ǵļҾߡ裿
ȴСĿʼֻߵŶ˵Ц⡣
ʮױļױȥЩˣֻȴϲǳϲ
ϻʲôǱǮ˸ˣ˷ܵأĻԼǮ
ﶬηůڵ£Ա߷һСڷŲˮ͵ˮ
ֻԺļױ嵥һɣӹĶ˹Ȳһڣߣӿˡ
ֹܼ˽װΡ壬һӰᵽֻĸǰ
򿪵һ˲ֻ۾Ϲ
ʱöĿڣС㣬ǿϲαıŻԭ
ֻѾû취ǰŲˣÿϲô죿
ԣӦģģֹܼվ嵥ɤӣ㿪ʼĽ񣬰粣򣬴ˮ

54 ˭ļױ

ÿһ֣С˽Ӧóʵֻǰ
ֻһ߿һĸι㣬һԴڷٵתţʱЩαֳƱ
һóȥһһóȥܲ˻ɡ
ַԵԶţѾʱȥˣֻٲȻû뿪ļƣԽԽ˷
ʲôֻȻڿⷿſһʱֵַŵȻɫ˲Ͳˡ
ǰȥС㶨֪͵˴Сļױֵͷ
֮ǰѾֹܼҴкĽһЩֵǮ嵥ǰΪС㲻ʱ롢ȻζԸȥˡ
˭֪СԽ㣬Խ˷ܣеĹҲԽҫ
ⶼһʱˣЪЪɣԵĵɽҩ⣡ַżѾߵֻĸǰĵ˵
ֻȴǿҲַһۣһ˫۾רעޱȵĿС˳ʵǰΣӦţллˣȷǶɣ
ʱԶˮ˲Ϻȣһ黷Ƶַ˼ֻԴ˺ȤЦڴ߼һЩһܣűװոºľΡ鱦ٴεЩ㶼ϲģ׼ȥаģ

ǣֻɴĿڵΪһִѾЩʽŪۻˣҲֲĸ
һֱֱԭģֻҪһۣһⶫ󲻹ء
ַ㶣ЩȫǲҪģ
ֻͷָָԵһӣֻȵķ˼ʮƷҪаģ
ַһɫһ䣬ﰵǰӲЩΡ鱦ʲôģû뵽ξȻءϡСʽϺټθѡ˳
ȴõةฮǧ𣬳ţСͶĿȾһ˫ĴСܱȵģѡθƷֻȴĹŴֹܼͣȻִݵתˣ۹ãˣ죬˽ӺСθѡˣ㿴
ȦȦĵط
ַԿһ£ȴһƬɻ󣺡⡭ЩȦȦû㵽
أﶬһȦûҵ˵ٸһҲ˵ùȥô࣬е˵ȥˣֻĵ˵ţȻ˫ַ˵ȴһƬ䡣
ַ澫µüͷЩպߵĵһýЩ˸͵͵ȥҲִ͹ʱ򣬴ûа㣬Щ˸˿ӣ
˼ǽ͵ˣǽ˸ˣֻĵĽӹĵݹ裬ŶݵһСڡ
̺ĴǹһĨ嵭Ц⡣
˵βһ°θߣһļµĵѹƣǴδй
ɵַаһ
ֻ˵ĸһЩǺй㲻ɫƣ
ַһ㶣̶ٴΪѵĵô֪أúõ룬᲻ǽЩСԼ˻Ūأ
Ŷ룡ֻ㿪ʼһ˼ӡǰú룬Щڽˣ˭֪гʲôַ˱Ҫ˵ڽ꣬˶ͷ˭֪Щױ᲻ᱻ
С檻ԼеūŸˡ
Ǵ˿ֻȴַ˲Ҷйؽһ֡
뿴ֻһ˫Өתţڻ飬ڴʲôأ
ˣˣֱֹܼȥһˣʽô£ֱֻһ˦֣ѡĵ
ȻƾеС檺裬ȴҲԲļױЩС檴
ҽ˹ܽϣǾԲмڹֵġ
˵һƷĸǵĻʺĽпѺǵױ
ǵױѹû鷿ղصĹŶֻ裬¾һˮıӣóһҪֵüļױˡ
ȻЩױǵةฮٵģ
ַһɫ˲ͱˣȴԾάƽ򲻿ɣԷƷôȥȥʽأ
˵ĺܶԡﶬСҵȥʽô£ʵڲбаȥʣֻһƬȻ˵ĶһƬľһԵĲˣ媵ЦǺÿȴﶬһֻϷ䣵ģС㣬Ҫū˵ϾȥˣЩ©ģǱС
ȥˣǴСԸŪߴ͸ĸūˡΪȥʣةฮͽĺ
ַһæǰǰа˱ˮݣΪСȥҽ⴫ȥԻҲã뿴һַּ˵ūŵ˼ǵЩȫˣֻЩεĻˣٵĻǴè壬ȵǸʱة
Ҳ٣
仰˵ַ꣬˸ոջ͵ɫԽѿˡ
ֻ˲ĵĻüͷãǲ롢ġﶬһ㣬ϸ㣬ڽЩȫ꣬ҵÿʲô˸Ҷҵļױ
ֻһ˫Ө͸ӯӯĿַ˵˵
ǣС㣡롢ĺﶬͬ˵
ɢ˿ȥĶ
ַվһһƬӲֻļױ֪ȳһ£
˭֪ƽʱԸֵֻȻͻȻ˾
Ҫڲȥᷢ˸Ķ
һүȥ϶¶
ˣô찡ַ˵Ķ˵
ַ˰ҧҧȴ̩ɽ治ɫֵĶߵ˼䡣
̵ͷȥˡ
ȻѾˣֻпļױȻ͵ȫ»ȥȻȥҸˡ
ߺַ˾ֻױ
ַֻóĸƣָةฮˣɵ۾
ַӦȥˣߵֻǰ
ֻһȴˣôַ֪ģ
ѲɻǽģЦŷʵ
ϧû֤ݣֻ̯̯֣֪֮϶ַΪַһС˼ңƤȻǳôļױⲻᶯʲô˼

55 ôܾô׵ķŹ

Ҳ˵ͷǴСŹַˣ
ֻṴ´ڴǷһĨЦ⣬Ź
ͽڽصõˮ©ôڽĥһɵӣ
ôܾôأ
һ׮׮һ
͹ƾױһ;Բġ
ȥɻɣүҪұŮأֻûж˵ʲô
ܲλүվŮ¡Ůɣ
ûӰ
ܿ죬ĸͬʱ£еļױ㶼ˡ
ֻ嵥һźȦȦĵطﾪһַҲǹ̰ģ̰Ļͦġ
̰ĶȻ࣬ȴȫǺöǲһһĻͷֲˡ
ַƺƶа֮󣬲˰飬ıܿճҪõĶרİ궼ᶯļױһǺֵǮļױ
ôôĶ⵽ô£ַ˿ЩźȦȦĵطƺֻҪֹܼңսЩױ˻ةฮʱʲôڳȫҽй
ҹɫŨأī㸲紵ֻϣһ˿⡣
ԵİѾȼһյٻɫơ
ʱŮ临ϰš
ֹܼҿһͷֻ˽ڳ˶˹
仹ûةȥȴǴ뵽ةĶСү̫ˣŽôߵŵڲڻ˿ۻļױûһһ㣬ֱ˽Щױ˿ⷿҶջҪһЩױʲôҪõģ
һ㣬㷢˲ٵļױַ˶ةԸ˸һƬżة࿴ǰĳõƷĸǵĻʺԺգÿǹеʹ;Ͳ֪ж٣ôܻѺļױҽǶ
ǻʺҵڼӣȥļױǣҲôΪģةฮֽŲɾˣԱֹܼҽڳȫ˹͵үˣַ˵ͷһС˼ҳվ
ةǰôôЩ
ةྫտȻȻַ˵ϣȻûκεȴַʶĵͷ
⻹𣿼ױһô࣬ǸūŸôĵӣү仰ʲô˼ѵΪ͵͵Ѻ˻ļױ𣿡ַһί˵սױʱæԺ˱ˣûʱȥһ
ۣױ嵥Ҳǵ˵ڶղõֵģõ֮ø˻鿴
ǰүһֱæԺµ˵飬Ͼ˼ױ飬ֱڶղŵÿȥģַԵָæ͵
ֻ⣬㽫ϵվة˵ʱүˣұȻȥˡ
ةͷţȻȥɣµˮʯίģ
ˣ¾ͲҪү֪ˣة˵ֶһ䡣
ŮзִģֻׯĶةร˸һĨ˱㳯ԼԺȥ
С㣬ôˣߵܸǰʱԽĿڡ
ֻҡҡͷûҪˣֻҪЩʧļױܹͻУ
ַ˼ȻҪ֪ĵĿѺļױȻԵ֪
ղǾ仰ǽԼɸƲøɸɾ
ϣΪȻЩױҲȫ³
ֻصԺ䣬ϹûѵȺʱˡ
̸ֻ˵ǰ˵Ļһ㣬˵ڿⷿһļױûУ
˵һ˷ܺͺ棬ͬʱִżֽߵ˼
˵ַ˿ɶ˵ȴйʲô˼һȸԾ飬ƺҪЩױ
ˣֻĵ
һ߽ͬݣһһӰһʫ续һοɰ͸¶ŮеഺϢ
㣬ҿȥļױ𣿡߽ݣСʱһһƨɾԲԲϣһڴĿֻ
ֻ룬֮Ժ棬ΪҲ˼֮գĻ±ҪˣԵʱʹҲҪ׼ױˡ
ϾǵճŮǸΪ۰ŮµĸֻһС˼ҵǧȻûôĲȥΪ׼ټױ
ȥˣȽϣȵԼ죬ļױ֮Щᡣ
ҶͬΪŮˣһӵĴ£ȻЩ
˼ַҲٸЩ飬ԹΪļױĲ࣬ԲŻôĺġ
ôͻȻҪҵļױˣֻһЦ
뿴ʱʱΪ׼ʮױļױʮֵĽԺ³Ҳ᲻ôֻ࣡ǰ˵
ֻЦЦǵȻˣҶǵŮȻ׼ļױ࣬㿴ҵļױû˼ʱļױǲŻأ
±ֻ˵ģɫһ죬̶˵㣬ҾõҪȶҺá
ΪûﰡԵ㽫ǷݺһҰֻ˵ⴽϵЦ΢Щ⣺Ȼ˵ҲͦãǱϾҵĸ
˼ĵͷ򴽵ţ֪ġҲҪ룬ҶǵŮ׼ļױǲģΨһǵ׼ļױһ׼ģֻһԼˮ
Եİȥ
࣬ȴûǸһ
ٴε˵ͷȻҲеĵǵճŮǵմŮǰĲͦģ׼ļױһҲȻġã֪˽㡣ʲôʱпգһȥһСʱǾȥľɽ棬Ҳ˳ȥһ˫ԲһڴĿֻϸȥĻе
ɫŮҵɬ
ֻһ۱㿴µʵͼ˳ȥʸԵɣ
ˣ㣡ʮֺߵıȥ
ȥԵүûǸܣ
ҪﻹүҲȥġ
ҵʱԣµӦֻһڲ裬ոմų滹ô
ʵҲνϾҲֻЩٹһʱҲ伣ˡ
ֻҪҲûôķ¡ûϵǲӦĻҾȥүүȥʱһͬģ¸˵˵ţôȻ

56 

ֻ˾ӯӯ£˵
ʶʲôЩĵ㣬ǲǲˣ
ղǾ仰ǹ˵ģҲûʲô˼ֻҪ֪үͦġ
ûаܾųҲΪȥүİɣֻԼ°ͣ׹أǰú
˫ЩԥĿֻҲֻ֪ƵЦıǸˣǲˣ
ǣ
һøл㣡ֻĵҿԴӦһСԸֻҪģ
𣿡Щϲһ뵽ıϹ
ȻˣֻҪܹġֻͷ
Ǻãһȥ룡ٴν˫ʹȥЩСᡣ
ֽǰʹͷߵοſڣǰֳɫŽ˿پ֦ɻۣ΢£ҡҷɶ˵ˡ
үµĻǾϲվſڵϹһ˫Ц÷ĺÿ
ţ£ϹվµĸǰЦӦš
ҲҺӦ죬Ȼ¾ҪײĻˡ
үôˣôԺ̧һ˫ԲǺʵ֮ʶʲôɫһ˻ص˷УϹһξ롣
ֻͲѾĶ
ү밲ֻ߽һ۱㿴ϹЦӣĨЦݺܵȴǷĵġ
ϹԽ䵽üֻϣ֪ΪεԶɽüĿȴһ¡
֪ΪΣԴ֮Խῴֻ˳ӣΪͲʵ
ǲǴ˵뷿ˣϹԾվ⣬û߽䵭ǹȴ޷ӡ
䣬±ҡͷûУүҸҪߣ
ϹҲ˵
ʱȴʱЦС㣬үϾӣǲߣүҲý
仰ʶˣϵıȴЩ̫Ը
ˣȥةЩ飬ǽģڹϹмε
תҪߣʱֻȴǽϹסˣүæûпգȥǰ˵ɣ
Ϲ֮ԻܿȫȻΪ룬Ǵ޵䣬Ĺ뷿
ȥµڣ¼ϹٲȻǲˣŻȥǰ
˵ֻ֮вɵһĨ嵭Ц⡣
˵Ϲǲ֪ةฮڣΪͲںں
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ã´Ӧĵˬ죺ãлҪү˵
Ϲī˫ůЦȻڿֻʱЦ˲䱻ס
һǰϹλϣ±˵үѾӦһȥɽˣǾµʱ᲻ͬ⡭
޷ʱة˵һǣϹ˵ŵĸŪڵ塣
ˣǿģ˵
ͬ˳˳Ƿĵģֻ˳ǿΪ
һ˶ԱȣֳǰĲ
𣿡Ϲ£ɫˮĴһЦݣǿԼðС㡣
Ҳ֪ô˺үͬһ²ãҲоүų
룬СطɣϹŲԸ
үôôҽ㣿ȴʱ򿪿ڵǲЩϹأ
˼ǻǱ˵ˣǱ߾ǣϹҪߡ
±С˵үû˼үҪɣ¾ˣүͽˣ
ү㲻˵Ļð⣬Ǳһɣֻʱ򿪿ڵ
ΪһԹú´СϲϹ񳤴˶ϹĸҲһ˿仯ǲϲ֪óǺϲϹһġ
ϹǺСʱһµÿԲŻһĶºã
ĻðʲôϷЩԥϵıȴһĺ档
ϹȴͳĵãϷɡ£ʱˣЩȥɣռǣǴȥǲã
Ϲ־䶼Ϊ¿š
Ȼߣ
Ҳ֪үΪԼڿǣԼЩԸɻ˳ڲĴ뿪ˡ
һߣϹϵҲ˲ָǰĵ䡢롣
Ů䱳ôˣϹʵǵĻͬջıˮһǱ
ֻӴнӹŮݵϹУձ˵ڶʮ
šϹһֽۣˣȫûд˼
ү㡭ֻҲ֪ӣǸæˣʱŮ䰡ǰ˵һڻδҵżңȥӰ죡ϹֽŮݻֻϣ૵ЩҲñةǱ
Ӱˣ
ֻȴļᶨүҲӣ
Ϲƫͷֻͳȴִһ˿⣺ǱҪ㱳
ֻֻĽͶһӰ¿ȥǰĶˡã
ϲӣһϹ嵭ˮٴ޳ľ棬īһƬϲǰǸӣ
ǰڱǰǲɡ˳ģǲ׶Աͷģ
Ǽʱ䣬Ϲ̬ȱ䵽ֱӽȡ
ĺ֪ǲо֢֮ǰܣͱЭںǰԵĸֻèƵģȻ˵ϲ˵ϲǰǸӡ
ϹֱŮ˻ҪƱ䡣
үѾǴǰǸˣҾ񱻼ëĿȸҲ߰ˣֻԾһ˳˵ţǻȴǲ
ǾñãӦ㲻ةˣת۱˵ˣϹֻʲô
ֻǱϵķӣǱȴ͵͵ķ
ѵҪӦ᲻ةฮ
Ҫ֪ǻ˵ʱֱͻةฮˡ
үΪʲôֱֻӲ·ƣʵ
ͲֱǲģһʼҪǽȥʱѾ㡣

57 δ

ǿةฮΧǽģȻһ·Ҫʲô
ҪǺĻǿʲô˵ˡ
Ū
ˣϹ۾а˵ô򵥣
ֻû̫ķӦһʼڶ˵Ѳ
үͦõģһʱ֪Ļţаȴʮʱʱ䣡ֻ֧ԴƵ˵ţƺ⡣
Ϲ𴽽ǣĻȣûŹ˵Ļ
»֮󣬱㷢ַպǲԾ˶˵
үūѾСͻȥˣֻԼڴЩĬա
ţϹӦһҹ䵽ֻϣһƬ䡣
ֻɵʹ˳Ľգ˼£ʮְ
һ˫ںӨصתš
ճĬ㣬ס˰㣬ÿһÿһ붼ʮֵļ尾
ϹȴʱվһȻĺɢٴοһֻ֮ƿߣȻ˳ȥ
֪ϹƢģҲ˵ʲô
ֻСĵߵֻǰСү˵ʲô
ֻҡҡͷܵ˵ûʲô
ڵϹٲȻѾмǰαװʲôˣĿ֪¸¼޹ȥ֮󣬻ᷢʲô
С㣬ū˵˵ɣү˭ã̾һ
Ҳ֪ãʲô취ֻһ۲룬ٴεʹȥһȻɫүȻ˵Ҫ¿ʼȴʼչȥǵģ
С㣬ĪΪү͵ܳةฮةһ۾ͿСó֮󣬶Դү̬˲ͱˡ
ԽԽ˳ˣǶү̬롢Į˺ܶࡣ
ֻüĸʸȥүү˲֪ٵүû˵ʲôֻǾЩܶѣС㣬ʵҲūŶˣūŲǲĻүҲة˵ˣ꣬̾һүһõˣŵʱ
үѾˡ
ϲǱΪС£
ôôСġ
֪ˣԺһעģֻʹͷƵ
С㣬֪ū˵ʲô鰡
ѵȶӵ飿ֻ¶ʵ
ȴЦˣȫǱֻ仰ЦˣС㰡үʶôãѵһ˽үүôܻΪǵСºʹСأ
ʲô飿ֻϸ룬ʵ벻ԼǵϹˡ
Сϸһ£ŵʱүǲܽˮˣʵ
ֻͷšΪūΪС֪үʣΪүģūүǰ˵ˣүﻹͦ˵ģǵүʵʱ򡭡С㣬ǲǴδ
ү벻̾һʵ
ֻ⣬ϵɫԶ˶٣̶ȹӷɿ˳ȥ
ŷ˼үôʹԺ߳ˣһĺ⣬ֱ˲ֱӣﲻЩҲʲô
ֻĽŴ򿪣ϹҪʱ
ȴͻȻֻǴŽ
ϹתһĨĺӰһܵĸǰ
һŰΪ̫ܵżԭշһĨ΢΢ĺΡ
ʲô£Ϲ䣬һ־ǧ֮ĺ⡣
ֻܵϹˣһ·ԺܳԺгү֮Ҳ˵ˣǻ
ʱϹĿҧҧȥˡ
ֱſֱ㻷סϹװĿϹĻд
ĲԼŷһ׷׵ıܿȥٿ
Ϲڵ΢һĨȣͶͱͷһΡ
ôˣϹվûʲôеĺȴһЩȴɵˮûκεĲ
ֻϹĻУȴүԲ𡭡
ϹɫµԶɽü΢΢һ£ֻ˵ȥ֮ǰҴδ͹ĹүүҵЩãҲȻĽţǲȥǹүĸܡǣҲģֻֻ־ĻϹ
Сèֻǰ֫Ϲһ㣬ģ˺һѽӵ뻳С
ļغһ仰̧ͷϢ籡Ϲϣġ
Ҳү˵ҲϲүΪϲүҵЩãҶоֻᷳܳʵ˵ĸܡ
ϹĵͷŻֻ
ϣүܹһʶ㣬˽Ļᣡֻ͸ӨдֿͳϿҡ
ǲǾ仰ȫûʶ꣬˽Ϲ
գ֪˵ϲԼպ᲻ʵˡ
տʼԽʱΪԼԭȵֻֻһģʱƣѾֻΪһ塣
ռֻ壬飬˵Ļֻ
Ǹγеֻ֮ǰĴ
ֻ֮ǰǷϹģ뻹
һѹͷʯͷһղѰߣһմ
ǼصҲǺõġ
Աһ˿һ𣿡Ϲظһ飬ᣬͬһƯյëһ㣬ǻȴ̩ɽأѹЩ˴
ĵѹƣֻĲţӲͷƤصĵͷӭϹǣΪֹүն֪
ҪһֺܴԽôֱ׵˵ԽǱľġ
ϹڵɫҹΪһ壬һ̶һףɲ⡣
꣬꣡˽⾹ȻݺԱϡ
ȫһŲ֪ǰȴǺ޲Լͳ
һĨɬԳЦ⻺ϹĴӿǰı䡢
еֽսϵļⶼһ˲
ָоһ
Ϲ㾿ϲʲôΪƯ
ǡֻ͵͵ӦһϹӭӵʮӵʱ䣬ÿһ붼Ǽ尾ֻһڳͬ޵׶һ㣬ľϹڲ֪һϸܵĺˮĴϹϻ

58 ˻

ҲʱϹĻ뿪
ֻаָͷľ룬ȴǿԽǧһ㣬ңԶ
˵仰ʱϹһʹɣ
ôãأһжһ֪˵ʱ򣬽ĻԼ
ҲȥԲŻͽ»֮ҹϽߣڽҰʹꡣ
˵һֳͷ
Ϲû˵һ仰ǳĬת
֮һ˪Ⱦ͵д룬
һ仰ýתůĴҹٴεĺ
ߵֻǰʱɵĿһֻҡҡͷ
ҹɫŨأī㸲Ϲؾ̤ܿʯ·ʧֻǰ
ֻһ˯ʱ򣬷ֱõϢ
һ͵ױѾҳˣַԶıܡܳ˻ڶĳǷ˲֪ٵĶծռǰ˼ױ˴ҹɫ͵ܽⷿΪ˱ⱻ֣Ա㾡ЩС׳ֵļױãҲ
ȫة׷˳
ѾҪˣΪϳʱаԳﱸƾٿԼȻֺһΪɣ¸µĴˣһڵڡ
Ϣһʦը˹
ֽкãвٵ˵аԤıı
аѹûҪӭȢةฮǧ
ⲻΪ˱ةฮǧһıѡ
ţаͻὫŻ¸˵һˣֻⱲӶ޲ȥֻةฮС
˵а˻̸֮ߵӭȢŮӡ
ϰǿνǷ׷ֳƿ찡һֻıӦ޲ھͿаվһλˣȻ˵ֻŻ¡
ǲŽдİ
ʦǷڵģةฮ
ةһ곯㽫Լ鷿УźŶûгԡ
ַ˺ֹܼȥȰȴȫ˳ȥ
գةฮһƬ
в͵͵Ľõ߲˼ӵةฮſڣֱֱֹܼš
ַ»ͦ˵ģûͿʼˣΪʲô
ΪһҲûýˣ֮ǰ˾һ㣬Ѹٵ»飬˼գӭȢˡ
꾫˾ַڷֱүôϳةฮϾŮϵûһýˣةฮҼ¿ɻҪ˵ģ
˱һȰοҲ̫ˣҲʵûзӣа˼׽͸˵ӳٻھӳٻڣڶվʥּȥȻֺȥˣַϵһƬݺݣҪаھʦҲҪôģóûºа飬аһߣ֪ܻڼڴ
һŮӣ¿Ҫô찡
ҲһƬҪаĴһŮӻСĻ¸ˣضھʦһȻ󲨡
Ȼﵽ˱СĿģȴ˶С㣬δǵС㡣
˵һʺһֻ࣬治֪ж΢ھʦЩݵ˶ǵ
˶ССԺֻ¼ˣС㣬ô찡үӳ٣ȥϣ˵ϴһλŮӻ֮ٽСŻ¸˵ôС㶼̧ͷةฮ
𣡡ĺﶬǷż
ЩԼˣʼԷǶԴС̬ҲٲȻǰǰ㹧ˡ
˶ԴС̬Ҳ䵭ࡣ
ֻſڴǰϽµȸٵϵһƬƵ⼸е˶Ϊѹˡ
ȻʵԴϢȴﳤһǴδйɹ
ϣаܹŻ¸ˣıѿĲںֻҪУ
ҲͲôˡ
ӴԺͿԺϹɣԼ
ô󣬾ʦסȥĵطӹƶҲν
ΨһĵľΪةฮǣ
ǲ鷿ֻתһƬ峺Ⱦ˿ʡ
ﶬ˵ͷǣүһ곯ͻ鷿˭Ҳ
ȥµֻվͷϵȹڣɵĵ
ة鷿УǶ̶̼ʱ䣬ȴһ²ࡣ
ֱߵĻһһ̾ϢӦӦϷӦ뵽ģаôԭ»أۻۣͬķʽһӶٵةһ߿Żеˣһʹļ׵˵
ţаؾʦ϶ὫŻ¸˵ʱ򡭡
鷿ʱ֨ѽһƿةѸٵϵĻ𣬸׼ǳⴳˡ
ȴվſڵļֻôˣةæһɫѹֱͦƶĵаҪڻǰڳ͢϶ԲŻӳ
ģ㲻Ҫ˼룬Ҫҥԣ
ǵʱة඼δֻйĿ𣬷Σֻ
ֻû飬ةʮҲһ䱻ľӪĽ
Ůл˵ֻͷɫΪΣŮʵϣаŻ˵
˵ʲôة˳һŮҲǰھˣúɣֻ˵Ӧû׵ģŮô˺а飬λرǵү
ôܶǰ̣ԭŮӭȢŮΪأ
Ҿ檣Ҳʸ񣡡ֻվةĸǰ̹Ȼ˵šة̫ʦϣֻĻ̾Ϣһǣ˵ûĶⳤģа֮ǰϲ㣬ǹ˵ʱȡԼͽף
үеϲתɺޡ
ǣԵҲΪ·ˣаŮıŮȫܣֻ˵Ҳةฮˡ㲻ô˵ҲǵĴʮʱ򣬾ͲӦýԣҲᱻаУҲûôˡף㲻ϲа޸аҲῪ
ָܣةǲɣһ˫տ˫Ѿڲ֪Ⱦһ㱯ʹ֮⣬ǰζ
ֻЩʲôĶԲ֪ΪңôѪ˶Ҳһҹ֮ɨأȺǰ̧ͷŮŮһ飡ֻͻȻةһͷȴǷƶ

59 㵽׻

ة˫ǲɣ˫ͫ˲̡аƳٻڣϻ֮˵¿϶ǰ϶ˡ֮ǰаȻҳϯϯе˶֪ڴڼסа˵Ůѻ٣УŮ˺һûʲôŮ˼޸а֮⣬Ѿûκε·һаʥּŻ˵Ů֮أŮҪһһҪ˵ͳЦ
Ŀ⣬ŮһǡˣԶлأ
ֻĻ˵꣬ةվΪΨһŮôΪߵһ㲻ҪߵһаκαŮΪ㶼ҪֻҪŮһŮͺ֪ˣֻȥôȴ
ͣݡ
һ˫͸ӨųδйĹâ
ԲУΪƴҲа˻ģةʹĵ˵
ߵһѾ
а֮ǰһжΪýֻ룬һһĽֻͱڣ֮⣬·ߡǵҼаΣڽĥ꣬ҼаĽֻңӣŮȥֻᶨҡͷһʼа뱨ңҵ
ľͱѣԲʲôĿľֻһҳһ־ʹζ
񡭡ةصȭͷһ˫Ũüγһġ֣òŴӴбߵ³֣
ֻֻаܱסԼةฮ档
ڼа֮Ĵһݽңϣʱƣаܹ½ɻղҲ˵ˣŮϲаʱŮ΢һϲаĻҲߵزȻŮûϲаǼǼаҲŮʹ
ֻҪϹһ˿أôĥԡ
ȵһж֮ûκεĹϵˡ
ǸʱǲŹǿɾͱˡ
ة仰ϵǴδйʹͱ߬ȭͷݺݵӣôͱʹŮףҪڲִ£аҪʲôȥȵаŮԼةฮʱ򣬻븸ܹףɱŮֻƽȻθߣ
дżֺ;ةһȥȻת˹͵һ˲һĨ죺ΪΨһŮϷҲȻаһëаĽ
ϷҲضᣡ
ֻҡҡͷһ鶼ŮһкŮҲһ˳еΨи״ײةฮҲֻа֣
ة۾ֱֱĿŹڵϵֻ˲䱻ȥеһ㣬һԵ̫ʦϣɫΪĳءʹġ
˵ģվڣϹվڴǰããҹɫͳֱʵ
ǣ鷿ǧ¹Ϲ
ϹתɫµݵĮˮȻ˫ĴȴĻһĨȣȻľ򣡡
үĴ㽫ʹСĻ˵𣿾Ϊ˱С㣬ԺڳةඨүƲүүܲѵ
Ϲȴ۾˫ҹеУǧ꺮еĺǱ䡣
ֻղ˵Ƿ黹һء
ǵ˵һ˲䣬ǳ׵¶˾ġ
꣬꣬ԴͬһϤİһ㣬һλȡİõĽĺá
ȴն֪
ʱȥιһҰҰҲҡβͣҲ֪жͼ
أ罫ΪѵѪȥι
ŮˣĲֵǲֵ̧νȢ֮λ
ǶȥϹͳƵĿڡǧ˱ӷ˳ȥ֮󣬲벻ɵ̾Ϣһ£ǧµǧ£үȻܹһͷ֮ޣôСõӦеıӦȴүԺ;ǲ
үѾͻʺǱߵˣҪڽةҲˡ
ү뷨ǧȴĶ䣬תߡ
媵ϲЩ죬˾֮ͣԣ㳯һȥˡ
еϹǰҫٻɫӳϵɫϣǱĺ⡣˫ųɽͫĿ¡
Ϲһֵ
ǽڷָӻͳһöӡвͬɫԲģ֮һĨкĹ䲻ĴϹб
еԲ㱻˿Уһ죬ڿŵķ˼Ȧ֮ٴصϹ֮С
޳򿪣öԲĻɫʱ
һĨζЦϹĴ
ͶһΣڶӳֻĻڣ
һΣͶĽȴǽȻ෴
Ϲ
ﻹǷŲ𣿡δ빬Уʺׯ߹ڹӣĻʺΡȹһֱ쵽ʣһɫĿսϸԳ񻣬һŲʧĸоһǳ
ɫĳɴ¡
¶ޣɨüŭԼʮǼȴüãϸ⡣ž»׵ֻյ©ܽػǣ̧ף۹ϬºͣվڸǰϹаǷͷʢʱΪ˺ͣǰȥϲ鿴
飬ʱ֣ʵڲ֮٣
ĸ󣬶Ҳ֪ڲǶֵʱҲûаöһֱҫĻϹվڻʺǰҧ˵
ĸµĻʺǰϹЩסаĸ֮ǰûϳ谮ϧݵ΢ȥ磬аյģеıȨ֮ӵеľλ֮⣬һУûةĻҪڳѣ
ʺĵƷһڲ裬ϬķšڲҪȥֻʲôףֻõġаôɵΪ˱ֻȥة㹻ţҪκεİ
ҲڳվȽŸǣаôǽةŭˣ˵ةฮǧǼ֮ʱȴûһ˸ˣϹҲеĵ

60 

ȻҲة˸ˣĸԼĸҵĿɽаԼ֮⣬ʲôûУаʲô˼ףϻƾٿһǾڲµĻҪôԼģҪô̫Ըʺĵۣһ
ƬӺݺϬҲãǾͿȡ
ǶֻܵţϹЩʵʵǸȷʵаڵݣҪ⵹һһϦ顣
֮ʣҲ׵ĶаģȻǵˣаԼ¶̰ͼ֣ԽԽĳӹ԰Ի϶ἸҪʱҲͲԶˣʺﻰ˵ţ߷һ
ĨЦ⡣
óıá
аô꣬ͻȻһԾΪΪûǿһƽģ費ĻܿᱻЩķ֮˺
߳ô̫꣬ʹϻ۵˱Žǰ̣ȴȫԼ̰ܲջ
ĸ󣬶ˣʺﲻ㲦һ£Ϲһ±ĸ˼
аȻڳ͢ϵĸȣĵλȴǲɴ档
ΨԼĵ·С
ֻҪмգø졣
Զĵˣ
аҲ⣡ţ׾ͺáձ˾ٸѡһƷòŮƷĻӣҪи˰㣬ܺýԺССˣ
ʺ˶˵һ檣ϲ̨ģ漴ɣɵ棬ҲǾĳӻ߳Ůһ檵ĶЩ𣿡
ȻףֻǶڻûȢ뷨ҪڹһӡϹ׵һĨԥô㻹ǸֻִҪȢĸ󲢲ԣȻ޳Ǹܺܺõƹܽˣôة֮Ůպҵвٵİ
аŮˣδ̫һʧ֮ˣʺĻȴΪϬȫûκء
ĸ󣬶Ȼֻ֪ûδ̫ʱֻǡȷʵ꣬ɻ꣬ߣ˵޲檣檲͵͵͵ҲİɣʺһϹ򣺡ֻҪûڽȢ˼һж㣬мǣʱҪ
ȥֻаץһضĽ֮λܾͲˡ
˭֪᲻аµһȦأ
Ȼˣǲûаةฮ
˵͵ֻͽھ鸴ȼȷ֤֮󣬱ȥ
ʱһŭ֮£Ľ֮λ϶аҲÿ˻顣
ةҲֻдʣ˿ֲаϡ
ȥа
ǣףʱԲʲô飡ϹĻش


ֻ˿Լץһƣ̾˿ҡҡͷҪ
һѽǰ˹ȥЦгɷ۾¸Цúϲ£ˡ
㡭Ȼ͵ģһ˵ӣҪˣ
ֻԼץһƣ⻳ǲǳǧˣŽ̻漸գȻһ˺öǮ
ɣҲûǮˣֻŪǰļСͭ壬һơ
һһʱͱǰͭ塣
ôô
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¶ģˡȻȥÿɰȴǸС˾ӲԼԿ
ǣҲǮȻԼǰһǮʵöӮֻһ˵Ǯ
ͼľһȤǮֻȤһСϣҪǰǮôǻʲôѽֻȶ֧Լ°ͷ絭˵š
ȻͣԼǰóһӸ£ôᡣ
ˣˣʹˣҲҪ˯ˣֻûʲôʳˣһֲݲݵĴ֮󣬱һǷɢɢ˵
㣬ɣȻЩˣСһת
һûˣ˲ˣֻһߴŹǷһߴվͳȥ
Ȼûмȥһ߳ȥˡ
ĺﶬʱ߽ȻıӰС㣬´λǲҪСˣСǮͻƤ
ֻϣŴⴵĻ㣬۾ĵÿ׼Ժӱܲܽϳȥɣ
ǴСͲ£ﶬ˵
СǸСԣӮǮͿģǮһ˿úǲ
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ѾͷմةฮҲû֪кĶ֮˿νǶʱ
һ˸߲ҵӣʵ˵ܾĻ
һةฮҲ֪ҪʲôİֻεգôʱһŴɹǰɡ
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Ӹ£һַǳĵ̬˻飬ϣһҪλҪ欣ݱҪ߹Ů˻ǰ˻顣
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ܹݺݵıȥڻΪӳЦ̵Ķ󣬸ڻΪ෹̸ʡЦϡ
Ǹ˵ӣ˵Щ䳰ȷĻаԹۣº§Ź۲ۣ
ͿԽ֮ǰϹȫˣҲͿԳ׵Ľѣڻھκ͸ﵱС
ʼȫĵˣ
ﶬΪֻڵа㶼΢΢һЦС㣬үȥ˻µʱأͿʼүˣҪүдŰɣ
ﶬע⣬ǾСãЩԶˣǴСȴûһóԳԸúȺȣһү˻顣
ֻֻǺǺһЦ˰˵ˣˣһȥ˯ɣ
ôõĴ̫ȷʵͦةฮȥΣɽˮȻڴ̵ĲݵŻ˯һ
ǹһةฮЩĶ꣬С
˵ûةҲةฮſڡ
͵ȥһεĻǺǡ
ҲҲͰĵĴةฮԺ䶼ٳȥүʲôʱְֻ֪ݵӻܹöѡ

61 μ̫̫ۻ

¹ȥˣⰴ֮ǰļƻڵֻӦѾΪа
аǱȴǰûУַΪֻĺĸҪ鷿ȥѯة࣬үʲôʱ顣
Ҳةǰ߹ү˻ˣֻⱲӲͻˣةฮҲ棡
ʵַȴĵ£ֻı˻ˣµĻ²ᱻ󣬶һֻ¼ޣ
ַôܸģԼСС˼ңôٻŮ޵ССС
ԺԱô̧ͷة˰
ַΪ˾ĸҵżңҲˣֻԷƷС
ڹԱ̫̫ۻһգַ˼֪ڹУԽǵ͵Խá
ΪµĻ£ַ˱ҲֻӲͷƤױ㸰磬һةȥġ
ŶǵľۻصʲôطʱֻСǰŴﶬ塣
ֹܼ̺ĴǲɵķһĨЦ⣬ڽɫҫ£ҫۡ
ڱɽׯͻժˣںȺȲ裬ʲôģֹܼһһʮ
ţ֪ˣֹܼȥұɣֻ˹˵ţ˳ָһöӨİںӵԱߣһ죬ʣһӾͳ˵ĺӶµʵʵ
С㣬Ҳȥ𣿡ֹܼ΢Ծ˵
ôҲȥ𣿡ֻʵ
Ҳǲԣֻǡֹܼԥԥ˵ɫЩΪѡ
ԱŮǾۻᶼһЩСȺ壬ܹμӵݵλضͣȥҲ޷ǺȺȲ衢죬ڻҫʱһ¡
ȻСҲǿԲμӵģСݲμӡ
¶Щ̫̫ǳЦҲǻַ²̨
ֻʲôΪةฮĵճŮѵᶼܲμӣֻһӣбø
һšһǿƵĵѹֶ㡣
ǣǣūȥ׼ֹܼ˶ͷɵһϸܵĺˮ
ﶬҲ뿪ȰʱСةฮõģαȥμʲôᣬʱָҪЩԱ̫̫С䳰ȷأ
ѾϰߴСеԸˣҲĬĬȥСҲμ·
ֻȴ֧Դе̣һֻԽãŹڴǵĻҲԽļ
ǰаȣĽĵȥ
ˣҵֵַĻˡ
ַ˳ةฮ֮ûһةฮſڻʻ
ǰַ˳Զıһξ롣
ȵ˱ɽׯַǰ˽ȥֻһٻҷȹµŵĳ˱ɽׯſڡ
غſڵĸװĻЩɵˡ
ҼСةฮճŮϿУľةฮƶſɵ۵˵
һſڵǾ㵲ѣةฮĵճŮֻѾǳˡ
˶ڴԣֻϴ棬ةฮв¶档
ȴû뵽ִС㾹ȻμӹԱŮǵľۻᡣ
ҿȥһȻζУֱŲۡ
ǻŸϽУĵĵȴʱСһЩЩ˽Сɽׯ棬ȥǿǶˣ˱ϸɵ̧һЩ
ĸȷһةฮ֮󣬲ɵֶ࿴վһ˵šֻ
Ѹٵķģ˽ȥˡ
ֱֻߵԶĵطĸȻֻȵӰȥ
Բɵ̾ϢһŮ
ɽׯУŸѾڹ԰ߣǵķԸժȡϵĹʵ
һ̨ͤ¥֮£λŻӺݵĹԱһ̸
ԵһԵַЦȴǶЩǿ
ǱϾة˵ݷҲ˸ҶӵةˣҼү˵Ǳߵ鴦ҲˣаҲҪؾʦˣ֪ڴڼаûдŸ֪ة࣬ʲôʱУʱҲǰ׼̫
ܽػǣ䲻ͻȻʵȻЦ⣬ЦǴżֳŪζ
ΧڸǰƷԱҲ׷׵ĸ͵ǰаλȨأա
ǣҼүǰջΪ鷢أҲ֪аϲʲôһλ̫һڲ裬̫ͶȥһĨζ⡣
ַȻةˣǵ׳С˼ңοңһƷƷԱķУҲֻǱ湧ǴȴƲַ˵ĳġַϵЦһָŪһͷĽ˿׺һׯ߹ĵаӭȢǳ飬鶼ˣһʱҼү˵а
صʦȻҪڳ͢жнԻ¾һһаѡһʱɻ飬Ҳ٣
ǰة˵ежҵڳɼ֮ǰСδͽ֮ǰһֱסаУҲǼˣʱԲ¹߹ĴѧʿЦſڵ
ķһһЦǷ̵ζַ˵ɫӵĲˣеĲ豭ȴǺּЦڣѧʿˣδѧʿˣⶼЩûˣ㻹ǸǰһͲˣѹδѧʿ
ҼүǰԹ㣬˵ûӾˣȻĶӸŪˣҲ֪ǲģ
δѧʿȻة˵ЩˣȻַ˴δѧʿеġ
ȻǳСС˼ңȲĳԹķǣȴصֶЩ˲ҶΡ
ΪǽÿµǮȫϣ˵ĸжм˵ūš
ΪľǴǿе֪ǸϵһЩ£ηһЦ绨˲Ϳȥݶֱַ˵ȴҪװǿջЦӣ⵱ȻģҼүôܻة౧Թ˽أҲ֪
ַǴĶķԷ
Ǿ͵ǱķԷɣַ˺ǲмĿһηˣ漴Ŀλ˵ɨһۡةฮĵճŮûǴСӾΪĸʮ걻а֮󣬻ٲȻͽԼɸδˣٲȻĿ
үæڹ̣ܽԽķַʱչʾԼϡ
һ֮ة˰˭Ҳǵа˵飬ǲ֪֪Ϣ֮Ҫүȥ˵аĻԼү¸ءȻǲϴӦǻԾʳвүүΨֹ
˻ĸǰУүϧµ鷿ּԼַ˵ǽһܹܰµôԣᷢչزҲп˵үڳнǵȫڻˡ

62 ֻͻȻ

ڻķԷҶ䶼ˣ룬ү⾿ʲôôһΪҲТŮºȻȴ֪¡һ
ӣַһ˵ţһ̾һĴӣ˵ʲôĺӾʲôҲ֪ĸǲҲ㡭
һ仰ڰʾֻ֮ԻȫΪĸҲһŵŮˣȻºȻô浾ׯ
ĸʲôô𣿡һöȴ͸¶˿˿Ȼַ˵
˽̧ͷȥֻһŮѾߵĴӵ£ƸŲ߶ž»Ƶȹʯ·ұ˵̬֧ڶŵһ޶ˡ
˲㽫ƬƵָȥ
벻ֻ꣬ٴλָŮװʱǰ޲ɷ˵ۡ
ַ˿ֻ߹Ǹݵ˲ͽӲסˡ
ôˣ
ղ˵Ƿǲȫֻȥ
ַŬڴǣһĨЦ⣺ôˣ
ֻǰ΢΢̨ͤһһ˸˰Ϊ浾ׯ֪
˵λˡСڱɽׯС͵ᣬ㲻ûдŸλ˵˰ɣֻЦôݣͶ͸¶һֵųȴָ߲ʵʡ
ֻͻȻ֣ڼŵоֹڴַ˵
۵֣
ֻڵΣĽȴǲģȻ¸ŹӡةฮĴǧ𣬻С㰡˵ŲһһŮĳƺţȻаأη˵˫ڽͬѩĴ
ֻϣǳζ
λ˼ֻǿ̣һ۱Ǿޣ̶ϸֲͬ
ǳֻ欣ĳһ㣬ŮĶеһ˵ϡ
ԺյļҲǵò
Ǻܿϧץһֵĺƣȴõƾ֡
ڵٺʲôã
ȴǽ壬
ֻҪа˻飬ӶӭȢֻøӶ񶾵Ļﳰֻ
һĸλǶԼͬ¶һĨ岻Ц
ֻȴųȴִżֿɱη˹ˣаر߳꣬ѾòʦеŮӡղŻʱ㿴λ˵ǧڻ֣ͤͤòɡаܹôԻ
أֻɽȪˮʶ˵Ķʮֵ泩
η˸ղһζԣֻȴһ㣬ǫһѡ
λ˸һЦ
ô˵һǴ֮ˣŶͬУַߵֻĸǰȻЦ⣬ȴԿóЦмǿͽӲ
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СӣôͻȻܹˣμⳡۻѾӲͷƤãȻúõĶةฮȻܵ
һ뵽ֻղ˵Ƿ˽ȥ㲻ɵİҧҧ
ǻȥⷬүɾĳԲ˶ˡ
ֻĿ߹ַˣһ˫ٵвȾ˿ʣĵ£ȴٴ˿⡣
Ҳʱģûü˵ֻ֣˳˵ţû׷ղŵ飬˫źȴַ˲ɵľ
ͺһ˫ĺһ㣬ڡ
Ȼˣ㵱ɢɢģ˵СһȥǱȥɣɲϣֻһЩЦѽةˣǴ֮ȴǼ޹˵ģδŮˣδС浽һȥ˵˵ɣηϸ˵
ЦôĲ⡣
ղַǰ˳ôܲúõĻȥأ
ַ˲е֣𣬿ȴԾҪάŶׯЦ⣬˫Ķηˡ
η˻е˼Ѿˣ֪Ȥ˶ֻһ
ַ˶ģһ֮ڳϯμӹǵľۻᡣ
ڱĸη˵ĶԣѾǼ޹˵ģǵǧһȷʵʡֻ˵⻰ʱ͵һǰַˣԿϵɫˣ̶ü
һСĽǽ̻˾Ͳˡ
仰һ˲ַ˵ɫɫǿֻĿ޲ý̻һ㡣
СˣǴı
֪ЩԴòȻͰ͵ܹ˼Ц
⵹ҲͰˣȻˣ
С㻹֪֮ͦѽһֱλϵ̫ʱ伥ĿڡǵȻǼ޹ֺˣȻֻܺͷǴһ𣡡ֻһ˫͸Ө⵭ĳ̫ȥǰķ絭᣺պǵǧҲһ
ҸˣʱҪﵽϣ
ֻݶֵĸ˻ȥʼһһЦһһжǰĴݡţһڱصİ㣬ţֻԶ档
һӰ죬Ҳ˿аӳٻڵ顣
仰һλ˵һ䣬ŭ֮⣬̶аһ䣺ǲ֪߳ܣС㣬ͷĺˣǼҷϣŮĹܼʮֵ̣ǾԲ鹡ʧڡ֮£ǲֳôһٹ¶ֵĳţ
̫ԴϬ˵šķҲ׷׸ͣǰҲ֪ةฮν̵ŮġԼȴ̸˵Ȳ겻ࡢ԰ҷŵΪͨ˼ҵŮɣ

ַ˵ɫԽѿ޲Ҹطȥ
λǰһͨȻڽѯµĻ£Աҵһżҡ
˭֪С˾ȻͻȻ֣ĺ²˵պλǰ̧ͷ
ⷬ΢е߳ĵֻ࣬ЦЦõģȻȫһ˿һӰ졣
̫˵ǣȻͨŮӶ飬ϾܹλͬʱϵŮӣֻ˵ǽһƵ
ΪܣΪһةฮǧ˵Ļ
ֱ̫Ҫˣһȥةฮȫֻˣַ˸æߵֻĸǰɫѿϵЦѹҲסˣдżʱҲˣǸûȥˣ

63 ĸŮ

ֻȴǵĿһۣḧ˸Ū䣬ߵʯȻ˫ȴ˸Ϭ͡ڽһһɨ̶ĵ˵ĸŮҸղŹʱǡλ˵ǧҲ̸۴£ҼԲãֻǵ˵ʲôаôҪӭȢŮˣͼǵò
ﶬ˵˵ղĻһһʮ˵λ
ﶬһʹŵԴһ¾̧ǡ
ŷۺ·С˵СϳĵϵһŮĳƺţ꣬аͽ˿ϵıˣ˵꣬ﶬֽŵ·С˵ʱаݺ͵λҪǻҵĻҲѡҲСôһͽ̸˵ȵаصʦ֮ڼ޸аǸʱ򲻽
ƷаҲҳ谮ǶŮ˶飡ŵɫ·С˵аǳΪүȨձȨȴϻ֮һŻ£ԴСΪǸʱа϶
ѡһļ˵
Խ˵λ˵ɫҲҲסﶬֽ˵һ޷С˵аպͻСΣʱҪӭȢģСǰ޹ˣ곤Ǽ꣬ܺЩδŮӱ

Сͷ׷׸ͣаżаʲôϲãʼ׼˴аƽϲȥʲôط
ﶬѾ˵̨꣬ͤ¥ķɫʮֵĲÿ
ֻԵ˵λ˵ļҷ׶ΪĸͼССҵŮأССҵŮûţ
ֻ˵⻰ʱȴǰַˣӯӯЦš
ѾͷֱſڴƻƣǷǣ̫ŵڣŮׯš֪˵˴ֱɵ̫һӣƾԡǣǼŮСͽֵܹĽ̻壬һһнǰչеĹôǰ˵ĻѾ߱˹Ҫ̫̫Ҳ
ʱȻڣ澫µüһѼ⵶ΪֻϵԾղŰƵڴǵЦȴԽļҫǰĴۣƿ̺˫Ƶĵλ˺α㶯λѾ߲ǽ
ղĻ˵ˡȻλ˶ΪղѾ߿еǧǹ󸮵ǧǱǻϴ£˵ղǼλǧĸССҵŮֻ˵꣬˵ֶŴﶬ˵ġﶬȥղǼλСɣȻôҪааУұ֪аϲʲô
аż˵а˻֮л˼޽аҲǻ˰ɣ
ŴŮڻûκεľȨȫƾĸý
ĻᱻΪǲ֪ܣΪŵˣ
ֻ仰˵ǵŮ˵ģݺݵĴ֮ǰ˵Ļ
ǣС㣡ﶬ΢΢
վסС㣬˿ةǧķ϶һֱ֣ȴһٶƱˣ㾿Ϊ̫ȷŭˡ
̶Ҳ׷׷ŭ
һԵַҲѿ֮ȵں˵˵ˣھ͸ةฮô˵˵ˣǲŽЩССŮйڻźˣȻǸղ˵ĶһЩȻǰϡ꣬Ǵӽ
ѧһӣ֤ܹԼ˵ʵֻΪŵ˵š
Ǵ䣬רŸ겻֪˶ķˣ˵˴ķˣжһһʮĽ
Աʵķˣ֮ڽʵȫ³
ΪǽҪκε̷ʷˣ
̫һɫʱ˱䣬Ͼʷ˷ȷʵڲͬķӡ
үֹһεĵǰ˵Щʹÿ֮󻹲йķˣɽʡ
ֻҪˣ֮ڱض
ɴֻ˵仰ʱĲɵһΡ
ֻڽ֪꣬ʷҲδ֪
ķҲ¶̫һı
ҪǵŮĳ˷˵Ƿ˵ŮүҲ
ǵŮûһаӣǲֻƤɴһȥ֪Ҫ˵ĳЦͷ̣ǲˡ
ȻһЩССŮֺαڽǽǵˣ̫˽һݺݵ£Ǵм仰ǰķߺޡ
ϵǺ޲ֻ̻һ㡣
ǣ̫˵еһȻ˵ǽһҧгݡ
ֻĴЦΪĽթ
ֻһҽôıܹǵŮ˵ʵأ
֮ԻΪƷҲΪһλĸµĸףڵδڼ䣬ȷʵ湦Ͻ˲ǻ
ŽŰǡ
ԼŮԼ᲻֪ʲô
ûŮǰ˵а飡
鵽ĵزû˸ֻǰйаһ֣Ҳʹ˱óĬ
Ҳ뾡ɢⳡۻᣬֻȴʱ÷ǳѺö
ǵʲô鶼ûзһ㣬λ׽ҳ޿λ˵κÿλ˵·ʽ
λҲǹŽӲЦݣȻζĻӦţȴһ仰ô˺޳֮ˣһһŮˣ
ַ˵ɫҲʼնģ¶һĨЦⶼǰѡ
޲ֻ̱źã
λˣŲ̫˵λĪҲôһȤĶ͵ǻλⲻˣֻϵЦݲǳҫۡ
Ӵĺﶬнӹһ΢İ֮һķСװ壬Сװ滹ӡһЩ̵ǿĻơ
˵ֲЦˣ˵˼ҶѾ̨ˣǵģԵԸ֪Ȥ
ηһѾĲ裬ɻʵʲôѽ
ʵ˵һ۾;ⶫֲڣǻ̵Ļɫ֮⣬޿ȡ֮˵ĵһӦҲη˲࣬ȴҪװȤӡ

64 齫

Ȼֻ˰ʱʱ䣬λ˶Ÿ齫Ķ
ԭĬһ¾ͱСС齫
һλˣÿԴ
ֻ͸ǰߣָϵķγơƣôƣʲôơ
һʱֻǳΪæˣڸλǵѯʣһһĵĻش
⵹λﲻɰţֻǰ仯ôô
ղһͱˣ֪߳ܵӣôʶ壬ֺǣȫղŵûзһ㡣
ʵơɻѣֻ֪˦ʲô
ֻܿʵж㽫еĹһһˡ
ƣֻһֱǽţˮ˲ϺһڣʮֵģһĨøС
齫ҲȷʵǾ÷Ȥһɡãټֻ˽˸ղŵĲ죡
жֻȻƲϣȴǶֻ˲٣Ҳ˼֡
ַ˼ɫȻҲ˲٣ȴǽֻ޵Ҫ
ʱһѾ߸ַ˵ʱһСı㽫ǱȲַ˵ϡ
ֻ˹ͳϵַ˲ţͬʱԸȥַ˳ַ˷ı·ȡ
ȥ任·ɣֻҲ͸¶һ˿ǣٲȻַ˵Լĸһ㡣
ˣǴܲܽǵңһߣϾȱһˣֲûˣȻûֻȥ
ãǻƣȥأֻϸϸǰͣ˵Ķһ޻һ㣬ģΪö
ַ˼ֻǰ˵ĸԼӣȻʮֵãϵЦձһЩ
ַֻ˽ԶȥӰ˫в¶һĨζЦ⡣
ֿ˿Ĳõ⣬ǹյĻȻڻǰޡˡ
ϷϾҪʼˣ
ַܿ˱㻻·
ֻʮĵĸַµһȲ裬֮ǰǴûйġ
齫ҲȷʵȤ棬һߴһ߻е˵Żַȴûж˼ġ
Ͼֻղŵһ棬˵μⳡ᱾ΪµĻ¡
λٲȻֻ齫ˣҶղʲô鶼ûС
ǲŴֻǲ֪Щպڱô
ָֻԼһ裬ߵλ˸ǰϵĵٴθⲻǣǻ̫סųײ˷ˣ
⵹λЩ˼ηˣϾȣֻ߳ŭġ
ȷʵǿֻо̬ȴһ
˶Դֻ̬ȵԽʮĬıܿйһл⡣
ֻҲĻشţҶʱ򣬾ׯһãԱ߸ҵˡ
ǰǸĸֻ飿
Ϊֺǣݷŵ֮ˡ
⵹һʱӦ
վη̲ס˵ˣС㣬аδޣһаǿƷаǵ࣬ܳܵ𰡣ֻĲŪңһ죬γԶηаδûֻܲպܲܳΪаδ֪أϣʱλ
ҪЦ
ֻһһεԺڡԳݷŵͣλԽ˵ڽĻ
η˷οôأаԴСĸɲһֻӳ˻ڶѣС㲻Ҫ룡
ȻﻹаֻŻ¸˵ġ
ȻǵŮла֮λаĸȻ΢֮ǰǻϵĳټаĳɾֻͣҪаڳվ˽ŸԼӵ̫֮λȻңɼһЩλñ
ʮа˾аģ
˳еĴ󵫷ʻŮһĵҪǼаġ
ΪѵЩʻСҲģ
Ϊʲô˵аˣ֮ǰаԴֻǷݳ谮ҿɶǿ
һϸĵĴůа
˵а࣬չһյĶԴֻѾòŮˡ
˰η˶ڶһ䣬аԴֻǷǺʹǰһãȴǼʱֹס죬רĵĴƣ
ֻֻŴЦһĲŪң֮кյƶһ㣬ƾʮֵӦ
ͬʱַ˵ȴһƬͣԵЩϵҲʱϥϣʱʱĳһϵڼʲôʹһ㡣
ڰȦò״ƣַ˱վֻ˵
áֻãü£Ӧ
ַ˼ҴȥӰǵЦȴԽı
˵ķַ֮ͬ˶ֻϰƣյ˵Ҳ֪ôˣéܣһ
һϵ˶ˣַѾˣǾٶŮ߳ܵĵط
ֻôһ˵Ȼף
ϵ˶ɵĳĨЦ⣬ﶼѾ뷨
طʹˣǸطʹʲôģͲⲻ˻ˡҲǸƽﾭĨʲôܽйذɣֻ˵úȻĲ֪ܽ྿ʲôģڲǰﱧԹʲôܽ಻ˣҲ֪
ܽʲôģ
ϵ˶һЦ
Ҳѹֻ֪ܽʲôǶӵŮרɷĶ
ӵŮ˵˽һ㶼ٵɳڡ
ҲΪʲôܶŮ꺢֮󲻵ɷ谮ԭ
ܽרͿĨŮ˵˽ܹ󻬺ͽµˡ
ܽüΪϡٵҩ£ԼǮʮֵİ
ҲֻйеĻʺ͹ܹÿͿĨ
ҲֻзʱŻͿĨôһ㣡
ϵ˿ֻһãȻ¶飬ֻֻǽܽ൱һĸҩȫȻ֪ܽá
˲ŻȻû˿֮˵ܽ
ܽôõĸҩַȴ˵ûã֮ķӦһ̰˼ٵܽࡣ
һַȥòٴλصϣ˿ַ˵۹ⶼòһˣĨЦзżĨЦС˼ҳŮةΣվ͸¶ŵС

65 ľ

˵ةÿٺ»ж٣ȥеĸ֧䵽ַеЩܹƿܽأ
ʱⲻһЩðαӵܽˣ
ֻԼĿѾﵽˣҲˡ
ַҲȥǼλ˴ʱ򣬶Ҵʱɫ磬һȥһƴӡ
ͬļλȻַߣַ˱Ҳֻ
ֻת̨߳ͤʱĨ˳ɵЦ˲ͲˣתһĨթͺ
Լվ÷ȣԼĳɹǺġ
ﵱôԴҵģҾһĻ㡣
꣡㺦ڽķһȽĥһɵӣ͵˿ɺУȥһֽԼ
ⲢΪаٰҵΪŵ
ôܻ䵽ֲľأ
ǲЩһķ㣬ҿɾĶԲԭˣ
ֻ޺޵ţٴааĴ齣ҲȫҪ㵽ַ˵ͷϡ
͵ŰɣֻǸտʼѣ
ٹ죬޵ʱˣ
С㣬ūڷ·ϵİɫҩˮʲôʱɻʵ
ǲǾǴС֮ǰһֱĥǸݰĸ˵꣬ﶬ˵
ֻṴһ¶ǰ鷢嵭Цĵ£媡٣ҡҡͷʣ֪̫ûô
ַ˻صʱɫѾˣĵһ¾׼ˮԡ
Է˵ַ˿ϴһʱŴԡķ߳
ֻ󣬵һЦϴʲôãǸҩȫͿĨ·ϵġ
Ժ͵æˣÿյ·˽͵ԷǰҩͿĨַ˵·УҪ˼죬˽ͻáһǸѾͷڰʲôֽţ˻·֮ͿʼֲԾˣѾñ²̨ˡθñ˶棬֪ԺڱôЦı
أַϣнŲ豭һ˫º͵ȴǱ쳣ݡŭ
ߺ޵ɫ˿Ķһ㡣ˣūѸüĵطһûзκ⣬˵ǱϵĲˮ⣬ʱϴӣ˵ûˡǴСİ
ҲһǲӡūǿŴС㳤ģСӷӦø˽ŶԣСҲЩԻǵģûаǸҲǸװµˣǴСԷʲô
Ͼͻ¶˵Ҳδ֪ϸĻ˽ĳִͷβֻûκοɵΪ
ȻˣֻͻȻɽׯµǵȷЩɡ
ӦúúõĶةฮҲȥŶԣȴƫƫȥ˱ɽׯ
ȥȻ࣬ȴȫǳд󳼵ھ찡
ôܹȥأ
ַһ˫͵ųһĨݵĹâȴʱȻʲô֮ǰ˵С֮ǰ𣿿˵ӽõһ˵ʵķӡ
ֻʱ˵⻰ʱ˵עڴСа취Щǧ˵ʵķˡ
ѹͲȥʧ˵ֻôǵĻ
ѵǻļѾָˣַһ´վ嶼һ̱Щ
㶣̶˵пܣǴСָ˼Ļ
˵Ѿ֪֮ǰдżǱ˸ģѹ֣ͻȻȥļױԭͶԱˣַϸϸֻةฮ֮ĸֱ֡
ԽƶֻпѾָˡһǻģɽׯ϶ǹģҪǰ棬ҪǱڱĸʱֻ˵ôһ仰֮󣬺Ҳûˣ
Ա˸ڡ˳ʱ˾;һвԾˣһֱСĵţû뵽ĻУַ˵⣬ϸһƬߺޣݵɫԽŨ˵ǣСѾָ˼䣬ڱ˵ĸ׺ĲǣС϶ıˣյһдС㶼ȷǷūһֱԱ߿ţ˷˵·
СѾõ֮⣬Сûκοɵĵط˼ȥǴСڱֽŵĿԺܴ
ȴʵ벻ͨСʲôʱֽţѵǱϵȲ豻ʲôҩ
ߣδɵѾͷȻô󳼷˵ǰñѿԺôʰַҧгݵ˵Ϊ޴ŭ⣬ȫ΢΢
ǶֵֻСȴʮֵĲм
ûַ˾Ϊ˵Ļ˳صĴۡ
տʼֻǷѣϴϼʱ裬ƤˮˣǴˮ֮ûһֿʼˡ
˾ҪȥӣӵĴˣȻͻƣһƣɾͻˡ
ͿĨʲôҩ˿ʼϲˣһŧðĵĻɫŨˮζҲһѾ
ΪҪǣΪֵطַ˼ȥҴ򿴣
ȴʼҲκεԭ
ַԽķߺޡŭһֱֻ޵
ȻȴҲκε֤ȥֻ
аؾʱٽ˻ԸڴС𣬴ϵϣûƬ̵ͣϵ׹µƽնеĹעϢ
ٶķаǷȢةฮǧ¶˶ľ֡
עﲻʻǳĸߡ
עаӭȢֻģҲעаӳٻڣȻעа˻飡
Ϣ뵽ֻĶУֻҲһʱã֮С
˵ǰȥҲ֪аʲô˼
ڵа粻˼׽
˵֮ǹϢǴδйİ
ôһ˲䣬վǰ˻һδˣ
Ǿ仰ͺѹյһݰ㣬аеĽеһ˿붼ˡ
Ϲĺּһ̶ȡ
ҪǣϹһʼӭȢΪ˸õı
Ȣ֮󣬾϶ǱС˵ƣԺյļưɹǾ֮λ֮
¶ʵĿѰһּնɱȫңڻʺλϻûȣ̱һŮ˸
һٲ˵˫ĥ֮󣬱㽫乬ھȥ
ıʽˬĵģ
ⱨʱ̫ҲҪ꣬һҪų˵Ϳ
ȱһɣȻϹصʦ֮һŮ˻ĻǸĿпνͼӰ

66 ҪҪдȥ

ȻⱨЧԶԶû֮ǰǸãȴҲ㹻һⱲӶ˵Ҫôһ˽ԼҪôةฮ
ȻϹӳٻԼ֮һѡ
ϹʲôѡֻϹصʦŻ֪
ֻ֧ԴСǰΪ˼á
ŤͷŴĺﶬҪдȥүôģϾôӲ׬ײ׬
ĺﶬһ͵ĶܹһˣΪľȡ
һССһص飬ǻΪСڵа˻أ
С㾹ȻѺע顣
УûаҪˣżĳȥˣ˵Ѿ˾ʦʱֻ뵽ǰգŴͨʩʵ̫ˡ
С㣬òҪעɣŴͺò׵ĺʵ
԰Ȼôֻ˵šü˼״̬
ķҲǹŪѡÿѡȥпܣһʱ䲻֪Ѻĸá
С㣬Щ˸עҲˣôܲͽȥأү֪ˣҪﶬһ顣
£ǵ͵͵İȥ졣ݷƲѾˣʱעˣһǮĴûᣬǵô
˾Ͳע
ﶬһöţǾһʲôӰ
ﵱ¶ҲͰˣȻҪע˵ȻѾˣǾӦԻֹ۵̬ȥԣôһõǮᣬΪʲôҪأѺ˶עҲʧһӶѣѺ˶ע
ܵõֻŴﶬ׻׻̻š
Ѿͷһ鴤СȻһ˲һ
ڱϣѵǴСȴôǮ
ǴС϶ѺүӭȢС㰡˵
ֻҡҡͷ뷨뷨õԸǿԵģǶĲ߲ܻΪһ̸ҵϸ룬а֮ô⻹ҪȡаµʱУûǰԭƻУǾðµ˼ʱ䲻ӳ¡һϸǿǣֻʵƲסǸ
ĳ嶯һصʦ˻飿
ѡĿԶǳƽġ
а˼άȥú롣
ʱòֻ̤Ժַȴʱˡ
Ϊձʹĥɫǲÿ
Ȼɴº͵Ц⣬ЦȴʮֵĽӲѿ⼸岻ǲ̫̫˼ȥ棬㶼岻ûȥôˣֻһַǸʹĥ㲡ƣݣͲɵĹ𴽱ߵ
һĨȡ
װһʲô֪ãȻ顣
һĨݵַ˵漴Ѹٵʧ
ȥӣȥҲ裬˭֪Ѿͷ᲻ҲȥʱѿǣЩʣﲻǵаĻү˵аµ׾ܻˡַһڣֻԶĵط˷ĽӲһ
ֺܱŤĸо
ֻһۣʹ͸ӨĵǣҲŮ˵ˡ
ô㶼Ҫ֪𣿡ַһĸӣ̶װҹĵʵܹǰ𣿡
ֻãȻҡҡͷûУ֪ĶǴӱ˿˵ġ
ַüͷһ벻𣿡ţһ벻Ƕ˵ʮʱͳΪаδޣǵʱ䣬ӦúϤŶԣҶĸоǺİǵģǺİֻһ
˵ģ
ڵаĸһʮİĸоĲݣԸ񶼱ˣһ۵ĸоһϤжûСΪûмټֻݣһɫߣȻ˵ͷʽýȻͬǶԴ̬ȷվǰֻһ
Ϲݵİһ㡣
ǿϹԴµʱ⵹ֻҵһϤС𣿿Ǵǵõʱڱɽׯʱ̫˵ӽǱѧһܹ˵ʵķӣǴﻹΪǰأַ˹ɻʵһ˫Ϭ˫
㾲Ĺ۲ֻϵķӦֻϵһƬƽЦ˵ıܹ˵ʵأֻ˵ΪĽŶصķҾŻһ¶ѣ
ﻹΪǰ飬Ϊأַ˫Ծֻϣɫ糣ʮֵ̹Ȼûһ˿һšŵ飬Űɵ˵

ֻȴ¶һĨɬЦ⣺ܹǰ飬Ҳ֪֮ǰа֮䵽ʲôϸˣûϵʧһʱģԺܻġַ˷ϵֲɵ߬漴ɫƽ˵̶һ˫Ϭٴ䵽ֻϣһֱףôͻȻ
ȥɽׯأʱҲ֪Ū˾֪˶㱻а˻飬ȻЦأЩҪŮ޽аĹٻ·ǣȥǳΪʸ֮İֻ⣬Ľǰ˼£˵Ҳ֪ҲǵǰˣԶЩԣһֱʮֵĲġܼ˵ȥɽׯμӹٻ·˼ܲμӵľۻᣬҾЩةฮʮѿȻȥμӣǲμӵӦöǴһЩϵõķˣ˵ʲôټҲȷʵةฮ̫
ˣȥ͸͸Ҳãǲ룬鲻ô򵥣
ֻģһֻСèһǰĽһ㣬ûκεĹ޹
˾˵Ĳˡַ˱Բ԰׵ɫһ±ýӲ˵òȻԭаͻȻӳٻڣͺȥɽˡΪʲôԼ
̬ŵͣתȥֺأ
ʱֻѾЩ˵ˣֻ̬ȷʵʱ˸һٰʮȴת䣬˴ֲΪǻὫյ˵ȥνѾ˵ˣǵĻةฮҵȺǰ̧ͷŷŵ͵ģֻ
ĺһʼǳַ˶²̨ȥģֲةฮҲһѿżþա

67 ɵ

ַûڶֵͣĲ˶Է
ַ˵ϱƽ侲ǵַվʱֻǿַ˫е֣ѱĹؽڷףš
ͱһİ˰ɣ
Ҳκε֤ݣҺΣ
ﶬַ˵ӰʧԺſʱ˽Զݺݵһȴᵨսľġ
С㣬ǲǻɵˣﶬǵʵ
ͻˣû֤ݣֻüһνӡ
ҵĿǰΪַֹ˵»ǰǸƭֻ
ԺҪҪѹյֻĶʵ
ȻҪˣֻԥ˵̧֮һĨĹâ䲻Ĵб
С㣬ū澾òˣǱץĻͲˡüͷĵ˵šݲһС룬ھ֣֮ǰǰæˣֻ֧ԴЦ˵ϸǺݷǺܷĵģ㿴ô춼ȥˣԷǱߵ
һӦûУҵ·ǱҲǶԴһ֪
С㻹Ǿֵĺãᱻ˷ֵģС㲻ģū澺ºﶬһС¶ʲôţĺﶬĺܵģ춼ĵġ
ˣ֪ǴûµĹԱҽʣµȻͻֻԾһƤЦģ
ûñ뵽˳˼Уü΢šҾĸעأ⵽ֹͣעˣұһѡУ
ȥݷйһֻöע⡣
µʲôעسǵĶУϹһϮĽۣһƥڵĿϣ޳ͦΣ͸¶Żص۰ơ
ɫ˫ҹĵһعˮƻɫ͸ɫͶ˫֮Уȴȫӳ䲻ڵס
²֪ǧ¹ϹǰǱֱͦεͬӶ͵Ĳݵһ㣬˫⣬ǰɨ纮ιһ㣬ֱĺ⡣
ǧִһ˵仰
֪ϵϹ仰ȴЦˣڴǵĻˮ嵭ǣǧµʹͷ϶ĵǱةฮܵİֻС㽫һݷȻĶ˵˼仰ŴСһƱȥˡݷ书ܲ
ǵ˲Ҹ̫±ݷ㷢֣տʼãǵ˶ĳ֮󡭡ͿݷӰˣ
ˣϹʮƶ˵߳
ة˸ֻ׼еµġ
ӦûУӦֻǵĺܶˣǧƲΪСûʲôرķӦȻÿԷ˯
뿪ʱ䣬ӹͦģϹܵƿ˫亮¡ı׶˵һǰĴ̹ǡˡ
ųɽͫΣյϢ
С㣬С㣬үˣүˡʱ򣬴ľ԰׳̵ٶƿֻķţ˯лѡ
ֻ˯ʱȻ䱻ĽѣһƬ˯ʣ˵ܻ𣿡
ǣүȴҹϻģ˵곯ͻةฮүڵأıֻҪ˷ܣߣʱЩ˻ô˵
ֻûô˷ܣֻһͷǾ˯
Ǵȴʧˣһֱȵ磬˵аӰˣةӰûС
аѾؾˣԶû֮ǰǰˣȴһĿԴĵŴӻʹϢ
˵һ󿲿ﶼϰµģ쳤˲ӵš
ѾǵҪֻЦôˣǴӿЦ̬˶Ĳ
ɴһСﶼʮְһаֻ顣
ֵļҲÿģڿŻʳǾ¥ĵطȴǼˡ
˵۾ڻʳǵĹϣҪڵһʱйаةฮǧ顣
ʹܰûзκεĹ棬ûйа˻κϢ
ǵһҲˣЩѺаӳٻԼаӭȢةฮǧˣֻˡ
ⶼһˣûһ˻Ϣ˵а˻ˡ
Ѻа˻ȴԾɱϣ
аջȻҪһˣµȻҪȵա
ڻƻʱ򣬳һЩĵ֮⣬˶׷׵뿪ʳǸĽ¥
Ȼȴʱ򣬴ӻʳʻһֱةฮȥ
˱һѷܵةฮ˲ֽةฮľ¥̸ռˡ
˷׷׶ڲ²͵ةฮʥּǾлڵʥּа˻ʥּ
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ʱĴĺﶬһʧȴʱˡ
ԭаڲ鿴ʱ򣬻˳ǧų͢ٸһ˸ΧˣǵѸˡ
ǽɻĻƽԼʮĽ鱦
ɰѻֻˣսѿ飬ڻ׼Ӹ˰ʱаȴһ½ɻôĽ鱦ǽ˻ϵȼü֮
аνΪ͢һ
˻һˣڻʹ԰Ϊаٰ˽ӷʽ
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ĺﶬ˷ܵ̾ͷ䵹ĸֻҳϯ·
ϼȻɹӴС磬˵аǿ϶ҪӭȢСġ
ɴ϶¶һЦա
ױ̨ǰֻæµ˷ܵӰֻεЦЦ
аȻͻȻּͻ飬ΪʲôͲڽӷϣٹٵҪ˻أ
Ҳڹ統Уܴﵽõ衢Ч
ϧﶬ˰죬ȴûҵһܹ·
ʹǼɣֻ֧Դָһ
ͻȻ˽Ȼһ׼ûС
ǴС㶨ЦģĿǼȹƯƯҲܷϴСʣƯҲƽġ
ǿǹ簡ҪöׯЩ
⴩ȥԵЩˣ
ū澼ǵôСļױһױ֯ʰٻɵ£ȻµˣȴҲһҲûūھȥãﶬԴ⣬һ¾뵽ˡ
ūڸСױĵͷ֪·ʱѾ˲ٹڸֶ룬ɲù˵ȼˡֻȴǳԴɢĿͭһžµĶ쵰Ө֣ʢˣ߳Ůһ㡣

68 μӹ

ҳôÿǹҿĨҲǸױˣֻ촽˵
ɲ̫Ըȷʵ
ûа⵵ĻֱῪĵķ𣬺úõһŮĴ
ڶ˵һ̫±ʶ̫ߣվȺһ۾ܱϳ
պܴ˺ܴѣͬϵζһ㡣ǣǣǴС㳤ôȻʲôÿǹĹһЩԱҵС㳤ҲСΪаδޣȻܱǸȥ˴С㶨Ҫ
߹ŵĳϯⳡ磡ϲ̵˵
ѾСһ޾ӡ
ɫѾȫͣةฮߣةฮΧҲߡ
ةฮĴٴδ򿪣ƻ£һŻյŮŮӵӺŲ̬߳ŵ
˽˺Ӻ޲öճŮһ㡣
ȻһŮʢò˵Σѹа顣
ǷŵԼϣǱֻİױһٴΣֻҪӯӯһЦǱֻƨƨߵĸӭȥ
Ӣѹı˹ذ
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һƲĿҲû취ֻŲ
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Ժһմֻջ˿һſ̨ϵ輧ݡ
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ֻһ㽫˵Ŀ˹ȥΨаȥһۡ
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˲ҪŮˣҪһССŮҲͰˣةǧ𰡣
ŮϲԣԹͬĵʱֻҪһ˵𻵻ŮҲ׷׵ļ֮С
ںŵǧСǶ䳰ȷ߲ܱ֤ͣǼĻﴫ뵽ֻĶУȴֱ֤
ةǧΣ˭ǸҪĺ꾫أҲֻк꾫ŻᵽĵĹˣԻһаȴȥ
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׼ͷȥֱֹֻ̳ϸȾһ⣺ﶬúõĿݣҪĶģ
С㣬Ǽֱ̫ˣô˵С㣡յĻص˵ʵҽʼүûпһۣǽִˣû֪ˣүûаҵ˼ԹۣΪɵ˻飬Ǹ
ׯŵλϣ̨ϵıݣٵû̫ı飬ϸ͸¶һɵ͵͵ѹ
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ںŵЩǧСǣֻû˿ķӦҲԽ޼ɵ
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ҲҺҲˣô˵ȥɣ
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ҵĻӡӸ಻аòˣǰòҲǷݵģ
аͽλΪүջȻҪӵĶࡣϾѾ룬ûδֻм檶ѡ

69 Ļ滣

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ѾһδޣҲֻжѣ˭֪һδ޻᲻ᱻа˻飡
ξа곤꣬ûκһ檣Ϊ˻ʮֵ壬ŮҲϸģ
ԽҲî˾ҪаĿ⣬ɣаĲҲɰ̨ϵĸ輧輧ȥ֮󣬻ϱЦ𿪵Ķλ˵ʮֵĸˣȻֺһ£ǽ«һⱶ˸Χˣһɻ
ĻƽʮĽƱڳ͢飬ҪӵʱЩӣҲ޵ȼü֮Ҳϰռ˸νΪ´󹦣
˵꣬´󳼷׷׾ٱа
ҲֻֻλŻϺа˷ۡ
Ľ鱦ϰգаɻ֮ȻϤȥϽ˳͢ӯ⡣
ôα
أȻԼ˵˵ĸ˷θԼùң˴ϰĽ鱦ûϰӸ˰ԻΪϰռ˸
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仰һ˵꣬ŮϯϵĸλǧǶɬĵͷȥŵŮϯӿ
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ǽͷλǧչʾһ²գȻѡһò˫ȫŮɻϴͻ
ȻҲпǻϸԼѡӡ
·
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ǸԼѡǸĳλѡ
˴λŮǧʱ򣬿νҲǷһԽ
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˵аҪ˻Ļܲܵ˻ɣة飿
˵аϵŻʺͽ棬û´ͻ飬ڵһةΣ
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аڻ֪Ҫٵ̣Ҫնٵĸ˰¾ٰһ᣿
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һ仯ױʦǼ仯ױʵ̫СˣҵĶ̫඼Ųˡ
ͬɽȪˮһֻСգţĳˣĻԴһ˿ί
ֻһ۲Ļױңĸֱݵ·Ѿߵֱ۶ˡ
㣬ɲĿֻ
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ﶬ˵ı˵ǲǲС㲻Ը裿
Ҳʵ̫ˣС㶼Ը⽫Ļױøˣȴ·Ը衣
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ҲǿС̬ôϣԲŴӦģ˭뵽ʮĻëѾͷȻôļƣĿɶ
ױ任ĻǻëѾͷ϶װһίӣȻ⽫ִ
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ʱͳΪһʢ˵Ļ滣ǧС㼥ЦǵĹͬˣΣվڲ߰

70 ̲

ǴСô찡˵С㣬ū澾ˣǶ۸Сͷˣū澾Բ̣ĽüͷһҪȥͲƴģ
ֻЦ÷絭ᣬϸɽȪˮȴ͸ǵ⣺εȻˣ
һƱ㽫ױ̨ϵ̨Ʒˣһ´̨ϣƱһ˿
ȼյҫֻӨϣһƵĹâ
ֻĵתŴġﶬŸʲô
ûһµ̫ż˱˹ѸٵĽϵĻˡ
ֻһܵŵģɫԵķŰףѽҲСĽ̨ˣ¿ô죿⻯ױ仹ôð
Ҳʱ˵ǰϽҼС׼һױɣȻǼСôױ簡
¹ɢŽζĻױ䣬ױ̨յúģҲ˼
һɻʵС㣬ӦòĻױɣ԰ǹСĻױ䣬Ǹ׼Ļױ̫СˣŲ·ԱҪһˣҿСѾѾ߱һ·վһױǰˣ
ҲĻñ˾۸ֻ񵭶˵ţ־䶼͸¶Ŵҹķ緶һ˫˵繵ĵӰ·Ļ͸¶һ˿Ϊѡ
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ʱĳüǧС㶼ˣ㹻ŽĻȫһֱھθƵֻϡ
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㡭ֱ˵˵Ƿǡίӯӯĺʲôš
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ֻ֪ǫ͸ù¹ƫһߡȻеģǸױռ̫СˣԴС𽵹ǰȥأة֪˴£ūƤ¹ɴЦ⣬󻰷һת
Ȼױ䲻ǴСģǴС㻻ԼĻױɣСūȥǸûױɣ
˵һ仰ǻһ֡һһǷŭһɫֻҧҧҲʱ˲һӣ㣬֪ΪҸղûн·
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ȻҪǧ̨չóĲգǿ϶Ǹ衢ִ࣬ϺЩҲˣ͸һġ
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һշްն꣬һմûͬĶ
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ΨһеյǣѺһӣȴûѺעϣҲζа˻ˣʧһӡһӻһӵɣҲ㣡

72 ѿ

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ǵıֿ𣿡Ϲһ²ֻ˼һ㣺ĺˣλΧϯλϹάûʱûǸǵ㣡
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һǲֶ˵ʲô˺µ뱾ӴͬͻȻܵĸۡеֽҲֱôİɣֻǸսĵ׵

ܲǰʾ벻ֵֻȻͻȻôİĶԴһһεĮܾ
ǴһϷҪᣡֻ˵ͬʱ۽ǵһʱڹ۲ûˡ
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Ҫ֪ǸʱϹѾʮˣ꣡
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ڵ˼ȫаһ˵ϣֻ˶ּһ䡣
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ʱֻϹʱ򣬱ģŸֽںɲԸϹ˵仰涼ԸһΡ
Ӹ߰Ϲôܵˣ֮ǰǱԲ㣬ǱˣҲĺˣϹֻıӰͳɳƵһ°θߣ׵ҹ㻹ִԲ򣬼ᶨΪֻǰϲ㣬ʹˣԭ±ȥΪҪűΪã

73 Ը׷ү

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ڹŴŮֻ˵һƷѣҪĴεķ
֮ǰΪȷʵа˵úʼΪʲô
ϲûдҪͽһҲûдϲа͸ӲĴ
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ΪҪͽһƭаǰȥɳǲξ˵ʱԼ޸˽
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뽫ԼʱһҪôԼĥҪôսʤеΣһԼΪˣ
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ڱúİǱɶָƣǾԲϲϹġ
֮EϹһ˿һİ⡣
Ҫϲϲˣֺαصȵڣ
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74 һ

˵ձϹĸǰ
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ҪһѣаŮҲаգԼպܹõүĳҡ
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ŶأϹбָۣŪĴָϵָһûɵȻƱɢֱòڵϵֿʼʾ֭йսϵ飬ЩȤټĽŵ˼ԴһƬհףϸܵĺˮڲ֪д
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үȥôãүôû˵ʲôүˡһѵСЦ˵Ǿ仰ζ汾ǿģԼ˸СĻĥòŻǰϸӵΣܵγѪһ㣬ҲԽСһЩȴɼү
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Ļ˵Ķк񡢶
˶һּԾͷֽдʲôֻһ˫˫۾ͬһϸֻϣ͵ĿЦ
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ļ¼˵ݣ߳ܵĻ
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С㣬أ˵⻰ʱʮֵɣ
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Ϻݺݵһ£Ҳ˲ɲС㣬ѵ˵дЩɲֹ˵˶˵һ޹˵ŮȴҪЩδŮһμɨüӵȣһʲôû׼˾ÿЦѵ˵ʵҲд𣿡ɣֱӳ嵽ֻǰۡ

75 ǿأ

վɣסˣɣ㣬˵ɣ
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76 ɵĺ£

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ҲɵûмعγЦĻרżйаԼӵĻ
պǼ޵˲ǿ֮ˣ˵Щǵɿǵֱӱ˻ȥ
С㣬㲻ҪԺ󲻸ˣԲ۴СκһˣڵϵǧСǣµ嶼ͬɸӰ㣬׷ײš
֮ǰ˵жˬڵǾжڣ޲ýԼͷҧϡ
ʲôֻҪպ󲻷ల𣿡ֻƵ˵ţֽСĵ۵ԼĻС
룬үʲôԸֻһͻȻĲ棬Ц˵Īүôʲô
С㣬ɲҪ룡ūŸүɢƻҹ˵Żأūű͵͵СˡǳϿҵ˵
¿ɾеˣ뾹ȻϹԸġ
ֻζĿһ۹ڵϵĲƵĵ𣿡
ϧ˲ղŵķӦͱݼˣ
ȻСǽһ˵һЦĶֻ˵
ֻ߳ȥʱ򣬿Ȼһ˲иȥȴҲɫС㣬үڻûǨЩĪҪ˵ЩүĻͼүԸˡ⣬˱繵ҷڵأ乭̬ȴǴݡŹۣû
һūС
ֻһ±˲Ļ֮ͷ֪ˣллѣūҲһĵүʹСܹúõģҪκμ϶ϾүﻹдСģĻ紺ů˵ĶһƬů⣺үƽյһЩϲúϰߣ
СúüţūžȻȥˣ
ֻӹݹкȵֽ֪Ӧһ򣬲ɵʵ룬ΪʲôҪأ˫ⲻȻ˿ʣĳ˵ūⲻڰС㣬ڰүūŸү꣬˵үǰһ֪ȴү黹˽
Ҳ֪үʲôūⲻڰүȹһضѣ
ô˵үʵϲҵģֻΪǰ飬ү޷ͻֻ͸ӨֱŲһ˫峺κʵӡ
֪Ϊʲôӵһμ뿪ʼ벢ǱϿȥô򵥡
Ϲߵˣ֪Ϲ֮ǰ˵֮ǰɣǿ϶ģǲȴһ࣬ûжֳ˿֮⣬һĵĴϹ
ΪʲôأѵϹĻ׳棬֪Ϲдʲô
ѵСΪүΪ˱С㣿뷴ʵСҲûʲôԣǴС֪үպǰ̻ⳡģүֻǵҪС㣬ֺαأһӽʺͽǵıһʲСóĹٶүʷպүڳ͢ĸźܴӰ죬үȫԵڳ͢ĽŸվȣӵԼ֮ж֣һһү
꣬һΣĳ˵ţΪϵ˼
ֻϸţò˵Ҳеĸоǲġ
а顢鵽ֵزǲɾ͵ģ
֪ˣպ˵»СĵģֻеֽţͷСģģԽӴ³öȴѹյֻĸǰ˵С㣬֪үһһʤսʱ򣬱ŮҪү
ȴûһɹģСȴһ⣡
ֻֻǵ𴽽ǵЦ⣬û˵
ϹɳûйκһŮ⵹ֻе⡣
ǶܹϹ飬ʲôþġ
һҩδŴƣһϹĴ
ʱϹҲ֪ڸʲôȻһ
һ欵Ůκ˵ⶼջ
Ϲûаѳֵס
ڶϹп֪ݣŮͻȻǰҲãǺҲãϹѡ˵
Ϊһֽò궯
ֻ»صеʱʮֵİ֮ǰЩۡЦǧСǣԼλϣһͻֵ̿Ŀ
Ѿ̨ȥˡ
Һܲɵǣֵˣ
ֻһЦ˵ĻһϹûϽʹȴƫƫɨüӵ飬׼ĵ̨ݣΪأ
ͷҪΪʸ֮ģеףڳ֮ûκ˿ˣ
ȥĶˣ»صϹߵʱϹɵʹͷϵС̨ϵıȫӶ
ūŸղȥһéʱ˹¹ūţСݹֵСˣ뼫ΪȻƽ˵Щ媵û˿˵ѵĺۼ
ֻ˵ʲôϹƿĴģƺһɢˣǲȴΪ
ūŻү㣡벻ɵЦЦ
ϹȻתŲ룬ɫµĺ䣺֮飬ϲκ˲֣𣿡
ūףʹͷϵЦѾڡ
Ȼ֮Ըȥ췣Ϲ˵ǡ빧˵ȥȻūȥҴСʱ򣬷ֺүĲһС䱻ǧС۸ǴСȴһֺرķʽ
˻ȥЩС˶ڴСǰģ
ϹеСһûһµķתţԸеĴһƬ
үǲĻūű㲻˵ˣСĵĲ鿴Ϲɫ˵
ھͻܷϹƿɫˮĴĵʹȥٴ¶һĨЦճ㸽ϹĶһһ˵

77 

ĹУʱʱľͳа߿аʼնûȥһۣһ˵ʱ򣬵µ˶׷׹һֱ̾
Ҳò֧赸üΪд⣬Ĵ·ϡ
ÿתһȦһɫ·ϵϱֳһɫ
Ϊ˾ޣٴ赸Ȼǰӯ˿ûܵκεӰ졣
֧ΣϿϹζʵ
ϹƳһվ̨ϵĲظʣд⣡
ããٴε˵ͷ
ֵֻ̨ݵʱȻ빬ķΣױݶûбȻӣϾǵ̨ݣȻҲӦôϱݷɡ
µλԱΪĲ죬ֻɫȴʮֵĴݡ
ҪʲôĿˣִģ㡣
㽫Ͳں̨һ˷Ÿݳ
˭һϷ·ܿأ
ˣҲҪһ汳
ҪʼݵʱȴڻϯλԱߵϹȴʱվŻ˵ʲô
ֻͷϹ»صϯλȻûпһۡ
űߵĹ̿첽Ĵλ̨㽫ֻ̨
ֻΪǻ֪û׼ɨüӵ飬ԱȡĲʸ
ǸŹ̨ǹķŮϯǳŻϵĸλϯȥġ
˼Ķŵɤۣ϶ǸаةฮǧĻйذҪô˻飬Ҫôǻճɻ顣
һ˲䣬ϵٴαó˫۾Ͷ䵽ֻϣΪĽź;ġ
ֻǶϵѣӮȫѽҿһ˲ˡ
ֻҲⷽ׼鵹ҲʮֵȻԺѾаԼʱļַӦ
һ־̹ȻĽһС
ڶֱѧֱιȥ
͸ӼһװѰȡһͬ顣
Ȼܿϧûнֻϵĸǰһתֻаϯλϡ
ٴεɴ۾һĻ
ֻϹŵվһַֻסֻ
ϹܵƯߵƣȴƺһµƣ˲ò˳ӡ
µλ󳼿ֻϹԣаһϯλ۾ԽԽһȫ˼顣
֮ûЩעѺа˻ĹԱǣһ˲۾ֱˣҲ±ˡ
⵽ʲôտʼʱаǿԸֻһôͻȻֻһϯλ֮Уǽֻаˣ
Ϲ˼һѲ£ҸĪ⣬ֻҲȥ£˳ӵĽϹһаš
鷿˴ϺǲġϹ°ֻĶϯλǺܴһ΢еСɴ˵ľ뿿ʮֵĽ
лүֻ˫ϸӴлʶ
Ϲ㽫ѾõĴϺеֻС
õµĿøɵˣаа߳սηսаȻԶָֻвˣ
λ󳼵Ի·ʵǸϹתٶȣɵĿʼЩˡ
Ψة࿴ˣеһʯͷǷˡ
аȻֻܹԣǱ˵ǿ϶ֻλá
аλñֻˣ
Եض伣תһַ
̨ϵıԾڼϹɲȥһ̨ϵıݣת߬СȴȤİָֻһûһµӨֱϴȦ
ȴ
аԵĽˣɵ΢üͷһſǺ˪
̨ϵıһֽһֱţ̨µĻٸߣңѯʣаʼնǵһ䣺ܺã
ȵɨüѡˣаѹͲһۣעȫԵİױϡ
ǸλϯĻ׹ݣаֱҪλ˸§ڻˡ
ֻ߬־ûſ
Ѻ˻עĹԱĻ䣬κϣˣΨѺ˳ɻӳٻԼĹԱɷ
ֱֻϹ߬ţٲȻֳֻϹһ㡣ˣֻտʼΣϯλϿűݣǺЩˣٺÿɻֳԼ°ͰĿţЩǧСʫ١裬һ
ȤûУֱǷ
ſڴһǷϹڵ䵽ϣƵѯš
˵磬̨ϱ㲻ŸմǷע⵽ˣ㾿Դʲôأ
ţеֻԼ֣塣
һͺãϹɿֻֻ֣ϸ֫
šֻٴһشĺ˳ӡ
۾ȴѰʲôЩҲǵģ׼˿ӵӣҲ֪׼ӡ
ôˣʲôϹţʮֵ
ЩˣϹϵ˴Ϻˣֳ˼ĵĵӣô᲻أ
ϹһǰľƱ滹װϯʱʣµİ뱭ơ
ʱڻƵҫ£Ʊľˮ쳣峺
׼ùȥȡһ豭ϹŶֲĽƱеİ뱭ƵԵһˮŵֻĸǰȰɣ
Ϲ˵仰ʱԵĸоԱϹͶһĨ⣬֮⻹һĨŭ
˲ֻϹΪʲôͬһϯλˣΪӦϹ
ֻ붼û룬ϹݹľƱĲȵһɶµĲŨҵľ㣬һɸҵĸоȼ
ֻӣ૳ڣдЩζ
Ϲ˹ͬĳˣֻȻȫϹݳˡ
ϹɫˮĴṴ£𣿡
ţֻܿɰĵ˵ͷȻ³࣬˵ģˣκһ˿ⶼһ
תͷ˵ļλԱ˵һĻ
ֻͷֱҪڸԼһ衣
Ϲ§ֻȴһ˻Уһӿ㽫˵òڵס
ǼλԱͳĻӣ㿴Ϲͷѹֻϣʣµһжǿڵסˡ
һʱ˼Ļӿζһֱͣ˼ӵʱ䣬Ϲ´ֱָֻۣ˸ղɫ

78 Ѫ嶾

ֻȴǵʹüۣӳ£ǰӨļϺȾһĨ̺죬ԼԼ͸¶һŮеġ
ⲻ룬֪аղŶֻʲô
ǾȻڴ֮ͥ¡ȿȿȡܵľٶ
һԵϹղŵһпĿϹֻů§ٻ㸩
Ϲֻϲľζʱһ̺˫
̧ʱ˫ȴǳķ
Ϲϥϵ˫ָ߬˰ףſ׵ϸǲһĺ˪ǧ꺮һ㣬衣
˫ĵΣնֲϢģѷĵݺݵ˳ȵࡣ
Ϲǹģ
ϹȺпļĨ⣬ٴθֻһȲŵĸǰǻĻ߱
ֻϹ֮Ļɬֹɵĵ˵ͷƱ㽫Ĳˮ뵽Уξζ˺ܶࡣ
ϹĽǶȿȥϹ룬ʵ͵û
տʼҲΪϹҪʶıͷսͣȻϹֻʣһ춹Сʱûټˡ
ת˫͸ˮ㶵Ŀ
˫ҹҲӳòȴͬһԶڻ˵ĺ㣬䣡
ȫȻûһ˿ǲκε
ʱ׼а˵ĻϣҲÿаֻһĻ˱ֽߵĻ˻ȥ
ֱ˻ָ糣һʲô鶼ûзӣٴʵղС㵯Σ
ΣһˣϹȻǾ仰ͦã
һѾʮͦáˣΨԲȴǺд⣡
΢˼һ£źĹ˹ߵ˼
ʺׯӺݵһԣ˵Ļһ
ŤͷĿϹֻˡ
ֻҲ֪Ϊ̫ŨңʵЩˣԴʼκˡ
𣿡Ϲֻٴʵ
ȻֻúڵͫһƬǧ֮ı
ûһ֮⡣
ָоͺһŻϣȴûκůĸоʮֵı
ţӦҲйϵɣֻһ˵ţһ߱ҵϵϪѨʼѹܹԴѡϹֻĸֳһĨ糺죬ǽεĸоƺֺЩһʱ͸Ө⾹һĨ֮⣬Ȼˣ
˿˿ƶ鶯
ϹԶɽüɵһ£漴㷢ֻٵʱγʱüۺĶˡ
ܿϹע⵽ֻѹָѨĶ
ôˣϹ§ֻ۵֫һֻӱ޹ǵĿϹļϡ
ֻѾϵϪѨѹһָӡȴҲֻݵãԽ治ûЧ֫Ҳʼ
үȵʲôƣΪʲôҸоȫûֻҲ뿿ϹĻУϾʹϣΪǲš
ֻǿֱ壬ָ׺ԼֱŬԼԴѡ
Ϲֻӣӱһ䵽ֱֻϵľƱϡ
ԴͬʱֻҲ䵽ǰƱϣü
ôңǾƱеľѾϹˣֻʣ¼βѡ
Ȼǻڲֵز
ȻƱﱻʲôҩҩϴθմԽʱеҩƣȴԶûҩôǿҡ
ĿǰΪֹֻо֫࣬ʹһžǺüҲ
ǻʮѵģ
ֻ⻺ǰϹϹ˫ڵҲʮĿƿ˫һһ˵ⲻǾƵԭ򣡡
ȻϹҲ쵽ԾûҪȥ
ҩӦǱľУûȡ
֮ȴһЩҩԣתˡ
үذ𣿡ֻƿε޺˫˵ݼǹеŮ㣬˿˿ƵϹıϢС
ϹʶıϢһҡҡͷʹᣬκ˶Я
Ϲ䣬ֻһͷϰγһ֧֥Ƿһͷ׼Լ󡣡⣬ֻҵϵľ֮ĻȥʱһѪ֬Өѩ׵ļģһѩҹе÷ǰĽޡѤ

ֻγͷϵʱϹǿֻӶ׼Լѡ׼һط˽ȥ
˿ڲҲϹȴ֪ͷȥһһǳۣ
ʲôϹֻϻʳ̺ѪҺʵ
ֻɿΪʹüͷʹĴԴҲʱָѣ֫ҲĻָ˵
嶾ֻƽ޲˵ţûȥ˵˿ڣǽִأѪҺ˳˿ڵ
ֱֻǷĸо˵ĲʱֻŲĴӻóһѹס˿ڣ󵥿һֺֻݱ㽫ϵ˿
ʮֵ죬ϰϰٴһ㡣
ϹԾĿţ貵ҫžϣ͸ˮʹ۵ǳǳ˵ĵ׼һӿ˻
ݡֻҪȹɡ˳ʱÿˡ
㶮ҽϹĴĴ³ղŵı䣬кƶЩʲôȻ˫ī˫ͫһƬ˫ͫ
ֵֻͣڵסϰ˿ڣûУö֮ľͻˡ
ֻĻɣ˫ˮȴ΢ɲ¡
ڽ꣬ԭϲ֪ܹٵˣԭԼ԰ġ
Ȼǰַʹ˿ڵķʽȻܺרҵҽȡ
һ룬Ϲֽ˻УߵղŵĻӦˣƺϣ֪Ѿָ飡
ֻ⻰㲻ɵĽתһԵϹȴϹֹסˣһֱڿ㣡
ô֪Ѫ嶾Ϲ䶯˶ٴοʵ֮ǰ˵ʱ䷢ֵģֻˮתһ£ѹش

79 㱨

Ϲɫµüһ£ǾȤҲ͵ͳѹͣԽָ飬Ǵպ󱨸𣿡
ѵүΪҶи飿ֻ۾ϸһĨЦⷴʵ
ôţϹ΢ͷ˫īȾֱֻ
үĻֻϹĻУֲֻ֪ںʱϹĴϣʱָǳǳĻȦεĴճһĨȵĻȡ
δ˵һĺϹ
ֻЦɽΣ欣󻺻ڵҿȫүݳ
ϹеĺһȤĿֻϣ
ѵүѾˣֻϹգ۾ϻδȫȥ糺໥ӳ˵ɰ
˵˲٣ϹעŻеֻ
㲻벻˵Ҳ֪үûֻҲ֪ĵӣһǧ飬ǲָ˴Ϲؿڡ
Ĳ뿴űжˣҵСڰүϻأ
㲻СĴү˿ô
ϹһűҲ΢΢һ£ֻʶʲôĬĬջԼָ֧
㻹֪ʲô
֪үߣôãôǣֻҪֹֻԹԵķŻԼϥϡ
أϹʵ
ֻ̧ͷϹϴһߣڽľҲϾʲô顣
Ψ˫͸ܹͫ
ĺǰ䣬ƽʵȴ̫Ķųɽ㸴ӡ
ϹʲôĲ֪
үǹⲻҽչҪɨüѡģֻ˵ţСĹ۲Ϲеɫ
𣿡Ϲɲ᲻ûκεĲ
ֻٴתһ£ں԰˽үҲ֪ˣԲŻͻȻıߵģ
ϹٴһȵϢŨľ籡ֻϣƴһ⣬·ϵ糺ȾĸӾˣ
˵ô࣬㻹û˵ͼϣϹƬ̵īȾĺ纣Ŀֻ
ֻ룬ü򴽣¶ʲôİ㣺ү뵱˻ٹǰѿȻǻòŮˣϹŨڵĽգһ£ôһ£ֻ۾ʮֵĺÿһž֮ȴֻһϦ䣬ֱܿ
롢Į
磬е˶һԶԽӳ㣡
ߣ
ֻ῿Ϲļϣ½εĺ촽˫ˮӯӯ¶СŮһӵĿǰĴһ㣺үͷң
ϴڱӪһСʿϹˤСһ
û˸ɨüѡһ£ΪûμӣϹǳ˵ţһȪ˵飺ղűҲȥɢǴߵģ
ֻƺʲôʱϵĺɫӡǣͻȻıע⣬ˤǰȥһòȥɢҲҪλǧǰѿѣү˼үҪһԼʱܵʹĥӳٻԼҲǡֻһһ˵šϸƽͶκ
ŭ⣬һ̹Ȼ
Ǳû뵽㾹Ȼɱ˵ЩʱҲʮֵĲ죬⣡
˽⣬ҪôѡĬĬܣҪô˦СƢתĳЦ
Ҳ϶ԽίѹҲǻ⣬һץ
ֻֻ뵽˿ͷȴû뵽֣ȷ˵ЩѿĬĬܵͬʱȴݡĽ˵Ļһһ¼
ڹؼʱ̷ɱЩǧСֽŲѣƵǹģ
ֻһ˿Ȥ
Ҫ˳£Щʲô
ǲүʧˣֻԼϹļϣƺһʱˣʮֵĲס
˱̧ͷҪϹĻֱ塣
ϹƺЩԾỷ§ڻûдſ˼
Ϲֻ仰ȴǴӱǻ߳һͳƵûֹǲĴô
ֻͷǰ̨վҲվţҵ汳Ҫһ£
ϹṴɫ˫˫żֺЦζǳ˵˼֣ģֻ͸ӨⶢϹ˫Ц˫գ˼£ǽζǶ˵ҿ϶ᱻү˻飬ʱҶᱻǧҲûһ˻ԸӭȢ
ңԺֻةฮ룬ԺһةฮǺܹ¶Һˣ
ϹڴߵЦּһЩһЩݶĻǴֻĿ˵Ȼôɰ
ֻ˵Ϲöû˵ȴһ˫סüĿ续³ᶵݣҪ˶͸һ㡣
үܶ˶͵͵أֻ۽ɨȥ㿴˺üջصĿ⣬Դһ˿ߵζ
ϹҹУһ˲һۻƱɢ
˲òͶĿⶼѸٵĵʹȥȻΨϹ˫֮ȴǺܻϹֻϣһƱסһ㣺С㵱ô˵˵ǣнʺĸ
ֽҵںδ
仰ǴϹмģ˫ÿĵŭһ˻
ȻѾ͵ļˣκ˿Լ֮ǰ§§һֱ૵˵ܵĻ
˭Ҳܲ˵ģܣŻ뱾ͬһƱЩˣڱĻϢܿŲĻǣϹǷߺ޵ĻϹȴǵģ
ĻһĨº֮⡣
ָоһȭ޻һ㣬ֱеŭˡϹȭͷָ׺ݺݵ䴫㣺꣬ȻСڣǻʹᣬֿɳǣӵұע
Ϲ§ֻΪҲһϦȾһĨ庮͸뵽˵Ĺ赱УǵǷɳʯຮ֮صɳǽԺ𣿿ƺţ˱ţһȺѾūźţȻɵľܴʤս

80 Ϲ꾭ʲô

פɳǵĽʿϴһ裬걳ʮĿףÿоǧѲߡպˮɱֻҪվһ¶üëëһɫı˪һſ˵
ıգƻ𣬽˸ʯϵĶʮױ𿾵ụ̀վͬϴ㣬ʪģɾҲûһʿǺסǽµľ
ѥϴ¾ͻᱻ̵ɳӿ˫žںˮУŵӣֻҪʱһˤڵأضᱻ̫ù̵ɳƤ
ϹһϢĵѹÿ˵һ֣˾úһ֣
Ǿɳǵʮֵܽλøȥɳפأ
˵һ°θߣ쳣ˡ
Ϲֱϵһ͹糺ɫ˫ţŭ⼸ҪӺÿĵб
Ǹһӵľ룬ĦȻĴ뵽ֻĶС
ֻţʲô˵ˣ
ǽϹ˵ɳǵĿຮĻֻҲ벻ɳǵĻȻӵֵز
ǽϺеһأٲȻ˼ĵ
ΪӵϹһ꣬꣡
ֶӡຮĵطһŵĻܵ˵ģ
֪ڴӦǰȥɳǲξʱǱϣ;ȥģ
ҪһõδҲҪĹѫصʦֶµŵԣĽӭȢ
ȻأֹǱǽΨһϣ飬뵽˾
£ûѡҪôɳǣҪôսɱһѪ·Իصʦվǵǰ
ϹܹнĳɾͣȫǱһһĸƳģ
֮ԴϹΪҪϹҪϹ
ֱ֪ϹǶôݴ
ϹһԸ뿪ʳǰɳǲξʹպûһɾͣٻؾʦĻҪһӶɳǣ
ΪҪǣϹɳǣ޷ӦɳǵϺпܾͻᲡɳǣ
ֻ뵽⣬һֱ裬ֽһ˲ʧȥѪɫ
ʱʮԭͲ뵽
ֻϹˣԺͲûʱ;ȥӦϹת԰ĵĺϹһˡ
ûϹȥɳǺĺʲô
ϹҲǸɵӣô᲻֪ȥɳǣпܾҲزˡ
ΪȥˣȻȻûһ˿ԥȥˣ
ҪһǻѪģȴû뵽ıѣ
һ̣ҡ£
ĻǻӸϻؾǽǸɱ˰ɣ
ֻĴɫЩ׵̧ŽߵϹ
꣬ÿʱÿ̶˵һּ尾ĥ
ͬʮ˲ÿһĥʹ֮Ǿǧٿ׵˳
ʱġľģʱѾѪ͸鶼ĥɾ
Ψһʣµֻгޣ
֪֮ǰһ仰˵˺жˣ
ȿȣȻة֮ŮеʤϢһҲ޷ϹȻ󣬿ǵ˵ʱɢƱѾ˻ϵ⡣
ɴϹղǷƽĻȫϸ˽ȥ
ô᲻֪ɳǸʲôĵطأ
ͶӣǿຮټϾв룬פɳǵĽʿǿ಻ԡ
Ϲܹ²פסɳǣǽЩַ˲һٻһܹˡ
ϹĴۿ֪ϹһЩĵȷЩ֣ڳϵ飬ϹһֱرݣӲӹ԰ʷʮǫѷ񣬽жȣСС
ʾһ
˻϶ϹһЩϣһֻۡһֻۣùҹ
ǣף貵ҫϹ׵ϣͷͻӳĸ
һ仰Ϲҧ˵ģôĲʺ̡
ʱ¹һľֽϹĸǰ
ĵүǧǵĲѾˣ֪үҪһƱͶλǧ𣿡
Ϲջغ⣬䵽¹ʱ¹ϵЦһ㶣Ƴܲס˵˲ɵĻζһ¡
Ӧѡ˭Ϲһ˲еĺ˺ܶ࣬ȴ˾ú쳣
ֻȻ㶵̧ͷϹûϹ仰һ㡣
Ϲֵ૳§ֻϵĴҲɵļһ
ֻʱӦһ±ϹĻ
ʲôأϹºͣΪ仰ɫ߷ⶼô䣺λǧݵĺãѡһ
үأֻ˿ǰĹ¹ֽӨ䵽Ϲϡ
ϹṴ˹ͣǳ˼ϣʱȥǧıݣղŲڿ𣿡
ҾС֧ͦãֻ
𣿡Ϲζ˵š
ֻͷţ
ãǱһƱͶСˡϹЦţһεĽֻ§˻УŹ¹˵
¹˽СָдȥӦ֪ɨüӵѡǸѡ¹ȥʱϹһεֻĶ𣬵ȴԶûиղǰºָֻͣյ嵭
˭
ֻתһӣƬ̣ϸȴƶү㣡
ԣǱϹĿڣ˵仰ʱɫѤõĵƹ£ųһĨĿ貵Ĺâ
һ㡣
ֻѾԼԼĲµˣǴٸүͻ飿
ǣϵ˼˫ϲţϹҡҡͷ͸һλǶԱһֲ
ԣүѡ˭˭ɨüӣҲүδĲֻϹ˫纣⡣
ǰˣǺ䲻ԣϹֻв
Ļǰƶֻһŵ̽һ㡣
Ȼ¹ʱɣɨüɡ
Ϊ⣬ɵĳϹ߿
ϣѡүСѡģʺ֪ϵɻ󣬱ڻϸǰСѵ
ţͷûġ
ճɨüʱ򣬻ϾӦּͻǣȴֱᵽΪֹòٹԱмλ˽ĹԱһԣͬš

81 ҩЧ

ү˵ʲôһصةฮةȲš
ֻŻԴҡҡͷүû˵ʲô
ɢϯʱүһֱ͵ſڼү˵ʲôʱةԶۿаֻʱ˵˼仰
ûʲôү˵һЩ强ѣֻ⣬װһӵӣڴĺﶬĲ»Ժ䡣
ʵϹ˵Ĳʲô强Ǿ棡
ҪʱϹͻȻ˻УѹȻΣյ˵ҪñͽκεĽӴ
С㣬֪֪ЩǧС㿴аǵһϯλϣˣ˭ղŵ飬ūǶ˲٣ĵĽղŵֻ
ǣмλСūһЩʲôģūڴСǰ˵ûߣūһûգ͵Ķū澻أﶬޱȸ߰˵š
ֻȴûжȥϣ̫Ѩ
⵽ô£ղŲѾö
ΪʲôͷֿʼҪŻµĸо
ǾƱµʲôҩ
ˣȥ׼ϴˮɣֻʱĻһ˿֮⡣
ǡ
ү̴ˣҩûֱھƱͿĨ˾ƱıԵǧϹ
ʲôҩϹŷϵֻӹдľƱ
һҩǡǧ˵ʱͣһ¡
˵ϹɫһݡҲһֶҩҩЧʱԶûҩôأֻ¶΢ͬʱ֫ģһ˶ܹ˷͹ȥʮʱ֮ڣû˽ϵĻ
ǧµʹͷĵ
Ѫ嶾𣿡
ֻ𵽻ãǧٴλش
нҩ𣿡Ϲ
̴Ѿˣ
Ҫã
һʱң
ƺ͵ةฮϹ䣬ǧ߹ʱƴһĺ硣
ﶬ׼ϴˮʱֻԴԽԽҲԽˮϯסȫһһ׹ԨûС
ֶĵĸоȴһֱֻ
ŻֻĿϣͻȻſŻһ
ﶬ˶һС㣬ǲǳʲôɾĶ
ﶬȥֻգ񱻻һ㣬ǳȡ
ȴǷգ
С㣬ȾôͻȻô죿ĽΣĶˣֻȥӵȻ
ȥҴ򣡡ֻԼ´ûˡ
ãūȥﶬ˵
УȥﶬȴͻȻʲôˣﶬסˡ
СֻĶ˵С㣬᲻ǻˣ
˵ʲôأﶬ̾ûһСȥ
Ƕ֪СүѾͬˣСղֶ£ͻг֢״ơ
ô죿С㻹ûкүأﶬ̵ҪĻүĺӡ
δеŮˣᱻΪǼΪܵΪǼ˷ңҲᱻҵƲ
صĻ᲻ӵĵλݣ
ڲȥҴϽȥ¸үκ˶Ҫ˵곤ﶬһ꣬ԴҲﶬࡣ
˵ͬʱָֻŻ˺üΣǺ˵ʵںܣĸоԼһ㱻ĳߡ
ͬѹһ㣬ʶѵģôŬǶˣ
ﶬת߳⣬ȴһߴӰȻǰȰ㣬ﶬŵľһȥ
үﶬǰʱɻĿڵ
Ǹո˵ʲôϹͦε˴οյ߽ߴӰһﶬĸǰһεѹ֮
ﶬˣ˰ŷӦСˣūҪȥү
Ϲڵ̳ɨȥ˲ҿܣǶȥ鲻Ҫκ𣬰飡
˵ϹѾ߽ݣֻܵſϣ͸ŻţӨļϷǧĵ޺죬һ˫üš
ȻŽʱ
ĺﶬ˶ЩģȴʵڲҿϹ㵣˳ȥ
ſʱվĵ˵һ䣺үС㻳ĿĺӣһҪ𣡡
ſڴظŻֻ仰ʱθһˮ˳
ѾͷǰͲ
Ϲʱߵǰֻ屧ڻУż㱡ĲϣܸоĹ̡
оôϹīȾŨֻεϣĨ糺˫໥ӳţǰˣȻֻҡҡͷü΢šϹļ̳СҲȻǴӿ³֮ƴĳħһ㣬Ϲڵɫоڲ֪Ⱦһ
˿
漴ϹգĨʧˣ˵ʲô
д򣡡ֻ̺˵˫һڣૣǴûйĽġ
һڣֻԼסˣ
Դ³θˮоܶˣҲôˡ
ȫȻֻ˰ڲΪҪϹʱȻһ˿
ǿ鼡Ҳӵ
һжܹܣԴҲ
⵽ʲôҩ
Ϲסֻ󣬰ѹ֮ϣɫµ˿塣ֻīȾͫ΢΢һ£㽫ֻ˵ľļӴϣһֻСϣ漴һȵ㻺ļڽѪĴСɢ
ȥ
ָоᣬǴûйӯ
õ𣿡Ϲʵ
ֻ˵ͷ΢šüͷѾɿˣû֮⣬ûκܵĸоˣҲˣ
Ҿúöˣֻٴοڣһεǽ˹Уֻһε΢üͷ漴ڵıȥ
ϹɫǺ̹Ȼ˳ñϯʱڱͿĨһζܵҩдľζýҩζڸסˣҲû뵽ȻڱͿĨҩ
ֻ⿴Ϲؿ΢΢ţˣ
⾿˭µҩղŶܳǸˣָǻһûУҸ˽ⶾҪĥүҾ˯һȥӦþͻõģֻԼɬɤһϦ糾Ůӻһ°㣬ôֽǵӰ

82 Ҳ

ҩ¸ģȴˣҩǸĿӦҪ꣬ҪҪǻصʦľĲ˵֮û
Ǳƣ
֮ԻľƱֻˮȫΪϹ۽ǵһֱעǡ
ΪȷһеľƵ֮󣬻Ȳһ飬˭֪Ǹ˾ȻҩͿ˱أ
ֻһµɴ󣬺Ϲ˼
˼Ҳ㡭ͻ
ʮʱ֮ͻϹĵ
Ѫ𣿡ֻԭȵ仰ʱ󼹱һ󷢺Ϲҡҡͷ֪¶ǸӦ˽Ȿ֪ҩļ󣬼ҪôţҪôرƳǱôĻǻٶҩʱ
ǱҲĸһЩ
ֻŴֻˮܵĿϹû˵
Դȴڷٵʱ䣬жڣһʱʱˣ
ǡүһûУϹϹҲīͫҫһĨһμʱֹâ
Ϲֻ仰ɵľЩЦǴŲԸģ㲻а˹ĿڵֲҪ㶯
һ仰ֻȾϵ糺Խˣ˫ⶼ˿˿ƵĴ⣬̺Ĵ򣬵ǵһ붴¼㣬͸¶ЩĽźͲ
үôﶬźԡϴɣֻ˵⻰ʱ򣬲ûȥϹǿ˱𴦡
˰ˣڵôأϹ˵ĻĻǼٵģķӣ˭ռԭ壬ԭôأ
һ仰ǲϹԶزǣ
ĵһ㣡
ʱϹôһ۵ˣ
̲ȥܾ
ԭԭӦϹŮˣϹʲô쾭ģ۾һ̾͹ȥˡ
Ϲ仰Ǻ⣬ɫµüĿһֻĿӯע£ĨٺȾĸŨˡ
תͷ߲ӣʮֵĿɰˣҲȻĶ
˿ζ͸½˿˿ƵıϢ䣬Ϊˣ֪ڵһĨ繵ɫ
ӱࣿϹƿ˫³һ仰
ûУֻתӿϹȴöϹ˫ԴϷŰЦĺͫһʱ侹Ҳ֪Ϲʲôˡ
ֻǱȽעѣ
մϻȷʵҪϴˣ
ʲôϹȤ׷ʵ
ֻٴεתһӣʱһĨѸٵĴ˵Ϊү֮ǰҵŮ棬ϻζ
ȷʵѬһŨЦϣϹϲûζֻһɵȪˮžζ
𣿡Ϲѿɫ˫߳ٻһϣǽֱץס󣬱û˵ʲô㵹ˣ
ȥôô
ϴͲϴ
үôĺﶬźϴ˰ɣֻԴϸ˵ţŴŴЩί
ϹֻԽԽӱϢ籡ȵɢֻϣͬʱһϢ֮ӿ
ĿϸСëСɾµıźɿ˼£ͿĨ֬ΪˮԵʣȥ˺ܶ࣬ȴԾɽΡ
ôϴϹٴƿ˫ֻĶֻ紥㣬һ顣
ϴģϹıƽֻɵƫͷȥϵĨٺѾӵ˶
Ϲ𴽣аζԣ㲻˵ûɻǰñ𣿡
ϻ˵ڹ涨ʱڽⶾĻҪ
ѵҪԼ
һֻͣС˵仰
Ȼʵֿ˱𴦣ʱεĺ촽΢΢ſСĴһǷĽϹĵǸҲ
ǲǸʱ뻳У㣿ϹüĿ񣬼֬ȾͰֻ˿˿Ƶ鶯Ƶ
ȻûУֻںӯ̵ͫɴ
˵Ĳǽ궬飡ʱϹĻ˵꣬ͱֹֻסˡ
үʱǲǾڳֻĵ黹Ƿˡ
ʱΪδ޵ûϹһ£ȴһɵˣǣס֣˻
ҲϣԼʱڳʱϹڵɫ˺ܶࡣ
ֻһɲԤУĵ׵ҲʱϮ
ûУֻǱһ£λܼ򵥣ֻȴĪ˵ꡣ
ָо˽ڵʱû㣬ȥŮһ㣡
ǰҶԲүֻ˵һ䡣
ζǰˣȾ֬ɫľգҲǼΪջ
Ϲ仰ǱȾһĨ˲һƬĻӴһ˿͵⡣
ֱֻһξ룬˫ʯӾĿֻ
ƺܵǺͫͬһͣתУ·ܹȥһ㣬ΪĿ¡
ⲻ㣡˵ǰ͵ûзٴһ̣¿ʼȪɽʵϪˮ
죬ƽκεֻĶУȴͬոոջĺˮ͸׵Ķͷͷš
ôܲأ
ǸʱΪδ½Ƕһ£ǶϹǣ֣§뻳
ڼһǰةฮʱһʱ鶯ҪȴһٵѰŸָĽڡ
ǰ̬ȵĶԱȣǶôһ̰
ͬһѼ⵶ݺݵϹĿڣôʹϵӡôԣôܻĵʲô鶼ûзأ㲻ñһʶĻ𣿱Ӧ㣬ʲôʱ˽ⱾˣڳףΣϹӴվٻƵ⽫͵ӳ䵽񻨵Ĵֽϣ
ǰĮ
ͺ֮һңɼľһ㡣
ˣǴֽϵһӰӣӰӼʮʱߣҲɸоϵ¶ȡ
Ϊɳǻֻ֮Σûģ
ֻŴ繵ĿŽߵϹӵһУϵĵλȨ㳯Ұһ֮֮ϵƷսηս

83 °

εʤս²֪ٵĹѫҫǹ룬ӢޱȣһĴڡ
ҲһˣѪԼĸ飬ҲҪ˹ġں۵ģ
ãֻ૳ֻһ򵥵ĵڣôǣȻˣ
Ϲͦζ͵ȴǱӶסһ㣬û˿ķӦ
ڿŵʱǧµӰͻȻϹ󣬹үҩѾƺˣ
°ɣϹڣûκε¶ȡ
үǿڷģҪҩͿĨڶΧǧ»ش
ϹĵתϵǹɵԽԣֻϷǧµϣķԸȥôġ½
УҫϹ޳ݵϣҷڵصӰóġ
һֱֻ󣬶һֻ򲻰߬ǰ
аһƬٺһ㡣
үԷаӰһɫװҹϹ
Ϲ糺ɫĴ˼£漴һӣ̨ϵҵԾ£Ϩˡ
ڵĹҲͰһЩϹΪŭ΢΢Ťš
ԷǲˣݵϹĴзǰ˵
ͿĨϹϵҩһԵҩһãҩЧõķӡ
ֻҪϹⱭƺһŮ˶ѣԴة಻죬ֻ϶ôĻѡ
ҩˮζܵͿĨڱϣǸţϹᷢ
ȴû뵽ϹȻȹľƱֻȲã
Դֻصةฮ֮ҹеעةฮһһ
ʮʱ֮ڣֻûнⶾĻͻ
аҲûвĻǽԷ˾ͻ
գаȻҲˣ
ʯͷԼĽһ㣬Ѿڶνֻ͵Ϲĸǰˣ
ô᲻ŭߺأ
뿪ʱûУСߵѾ߶Ѿ˳ˣҹڵϣǵʹͷҲܸܵԼӵŭͺ⡣
ϹһεһԸȥ¸ַˣ֪ô
ǣҹ뿪
ҹϡԷеѾϨ𣬺ҹͬһ㱡Ͽա
ةһ£ʮæԷС
׼˯Ĵĺﶬһƣ㲻Щɻ
үǳʲô𣿡ĿǰͻȻʮѣԼһŭة࣬Щŵʵ
аǲˣةֵͳһص֮ơ
ôĺﶬͷƤһ飬ֲɵĿʼȴŬάƽ
ûûУ
ĺﶬеĻôܹӹةأ
ة˽ֻķŴˡ
ĺﶬһ̱˽ȥֻĴǰ
үСʱڸ˯ţаûĺﶬȻķţȴһ̫˵Ѻεˡ
СǸӣүˣ֪үᷢĻء
ƿةţӡ
ĺﶬ˽һΣѣة˫Ŀ£˻תָմɢڴϵʱ
ȴһִֻ˳ÿһǣһ˯ݱ̽˳ôˣ
ŴŴĻԴƣٲȻһմоѵӡ
үأةʵ
ֻӴڴϵϣﶬҲʱ˿ôˣүô⣿
һû˯ѵӡ
ةһֻһ֮⣬Ҳûˡ
үĲ⣿ةŰɵʵ
үǻΪʲô⣿ֻһɻ
˵ʵүû𣿡ةڷѰһˮϴˮһ顣ĳʵ
ĺﶬԿֻҡҡͷ
ôˣֻةһıЩ⣬̧̫Ѩ
Ϲ֮һֱֹܣҲѾ˷֮ʵ֮ǰةฮʱةҲĬǾסһˡ
ڿة˼ץģǰаѾ˻ڣ֮飬ϷҲһֻ۱һֻˣаһٵƳٻڣȴܵةฮ˽ᣬ⽫Ϸںεأ
ڻٵòˣ㻳ĺӣȴͻȻ˻黹⺢ģ³Σةһ¡˵š
չŴĹأδҲģضڳ̶ļ̡
֪ϹܺҲҪة˵Ҳûпܣ
Ϲûбɵ̶ֳȣԼӵĴ
ȻϹʲô
ҪǵôޣھӪʱȫøޡԵķʽ
ˣڽ͵Ӫľ˷ɾӪĽʿĥǸˬ
ֻҪ˵û֪ھӪϹҲûκεİ취
үˣ仰ֻǷĵġаǰˣҲôϡʵһΪ룡ɳǵ꣬ӵķɳѾһƵĳĥӲϲ֪մȾ˶˵Ѫڵ
ᡢѪ̣ʲôϷҲ֪ةص̾Ϣ
ɳĴֱֺǻģ
ֻ⣬еĺԽ
ΪϹһȫİˣһǰͣϣаǴ˻ҲգǼϼӳٻҲգȻܣǵԲһƳٻڣȴһܣÿةฮڣʱ㻳
ˣȴӭȢ˱ˣҪԴаҪҲֱ޳ֶܵΣةԴǼң̬ȸǼ
ΨһŮ֮ǰʲôԶŮԲаŮϣ
үôģȷ䣬֪еģһֻĿԶ췢ģһĻĺӣܲҪң᲻Ҫĺӣ
Ȼղֱӽ§ٻⶾˣΪʲôҪƽҩأ
ȫǶһ٣аûйڵʱ䣬㲻ҪȥҲǲҪ㣡ةһ˫տֻϣӽ˫е֣Ϸϣ
һμ棡˵ةת˳ȥߵſڵʱةȴͻȻվ壬ŴĺﶬԸȥС׼ҩ

84 ʲôҵ

ֻԼգĺﶬʵҵǲе죿
ĺﶬͷ
ֻ̾һȻة࿴ɫȻΪаѾܹ֮
ʵϣϹ˵Ǿ仰ˣǧ½ⶾҩݸĺﶬ֮Ҳ뿪Է
ةԷǰʱˡ
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аֻԽԽã֪Ҿүƽֻϸ˵ú棺Һү÷һ𳤴ģҵ顢ϲʲôʮ˽⣬Ҷүȴһ֪үʲôʱҲ֪ôܹүүǣүҪʱϵοүܲүʼնǨҰɣҲѾǵǸʲôСŮˣ

85 ժ˸

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ڲǵֻβһںһض
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86 ƾʲô

ҲةฮǧƾʲôȴԸһַ˵仰ΪǲҲĳҷ˵
ݣ
ûôأµȻҲҪʲôȥͽȣүȻڶͦõģҾȴʼյֲ϶Խĸģһ˫ü
аȨ㳯ҰձȨȻˣǴСҲͦãûнĻҲżаү
ÿÿòͺԱ
СʱʲôǾʱ䣬ȥԷƵʱױ̨
俴ͭͽòʱĳԱˡ
ۣٺÿƯԶȲϽ㣡
һͽȵŶûУ飿ߣаڶֻжٵĸ飿аĻǰһأаӦùǵֻڣҹԷˣϹζ
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ʲôүԷˣһ㶣ֱѿڶ
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Ȼأַ˽ʡҵʱү˵仰үףʼҪߡȻ˵ȥ˵үȻͬˣû˵仰үڵ뿪ˡµʱҲȷʵ
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룬ҲõȶãһͺֻһϵĶּӿһЩҲԸĺﶬĶӿˡ뽫̸ӻͳŵϣֻˣ滹մŲٵҶл˵ţС㣬үһ߸ʱҪھӪֻūһ
źţ͹ȥүҲûʱ԰
˫γ貵ζĿֻ
ֻҲŲ룬ٿṴһĨǣүʲôʱܻ
ïʱʱ򣡡Ϲǰһ·ߵ鷿ʱԵܹܹɵĿʵүǸճ˹ģһ·ū޵ζүƮҪūĲ˳

Ϲ¹ųɽĺ߬ŵǿŰ಻ˣǹϲԵĻ͸ˡ
һֱ̧㽫ɬ˷˹С
ܹܹһЦūлаʹˡ
ϹܹܹһȴֲЦۣĳ鷿ȥ
ʱ鷿ֻлһˣһϹǰֱӿżɽ˵˽μɨüӵǧС㻭Ļ㿴
䣬м̫ŸλǧĻϹĸǰϹü΢壬Ϲ˵ϵٴ𣺡֪ɳܾ˿սϾһҲгΨһһû檵Ļӣ
ҪЩǧѡһ
Ѿѡһϲģ㻹Ҫѡһڳ͢λаģص˵ϣ˲ҷ
ϹĴӻɨһۣǼԺաò˫ȫŮӡ
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ʣлһӣϹ΢΢ᶨĻص
ȴҡҡͷһ˫ܹ͸һе⣬صϹϣ㵱Ϊ޲֪ʲô𣿡
ʣ˼ϹȻͲδվڻϸǰֻأΪδվȨĶλϣȨ㳯ҰرôȥһֻҪ޷ةİѣϿϹһһ˵ţƺѾϹ˼͸һ㡣

87 δ

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Ϲ˶͵վʮУһ޵ĻһűĻֽô򵥣ĵȨ˵һͬʱȴһͨϵλ̨ףʣŲţĳĴδֻҪһһһ˫˵ѣ͢ķթǣУϹ˫ֹ֣ؼᶨ˵ţ̬ǰ׿
ԣϣһɢүѰһᱣǵĶȹ
˫ĽϹɫ糣δֺޱȵ̹Ȼʹݡ
ֻҪһ仰Ϲѵ뿪ʦǰķᱣݵү
鷿ʱøĹ졢
վŵĹҳһ£Ż֣ʼ΢΢Ĳ
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ǰݵǧСǡʱһСˤˣַסˣһһͬȥɢض£
ǣʱȶˣС㵱˻ûãľƱһЩòСȥˣϹɫ˫ųɽͫУһĨĹâת˲ţ
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Ϲ͵ȫʧ鷿ʱϡַŴϵл̧ϹȥıӰɫްĪ档
ϣɷˣܹܹһ䣬ңСĵķһë衣
ģޱرƷλһݣڴ˵ĻͲܹ޲Ѫ֮ˣ̾һ
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ΨһϧаĸݡܹܹҲǾЩϧаڳ˻ݣĮѵ֮طܺãӲӸ԰ڻǰһֱǫѷ񣬶һصʦ֮ҪôھӪҪôǹлͣӼκ볯֮
޹صԱûһɡᵳӪ˽Ѹڳ͢ļ
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ҪǻκεĻⷬɾͣǱ粻̵֪ʲôطȥˡ
ȴҡҡͷĳһض£޵ǵ飡
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һϹȴ̧Ų룬ƿɫˮĴţţ⣬㻹û壿ϣүɳǵţ⡢ţ⡢ţ⣬ūͶģţһūžͳһڣһ뷹أüĿЦգöҲ
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ҹϵķ綼һ˿ȣ֪УⴺҪȥˡ
Ϲ౨۾ȴԵϣͷԲ˶ʳȻƶ֭Ǹζ޵ڱϢ
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Ϲ󴽽ǵЦԽļˣȴû˿¶ȣףǸλԶӻ߳ӵģ㱾սҲı䲻˱ӵݣ
ǧµʹź˵ΪʲôԭԭĹԭҲһĹͳһΪһһвʱˣϹƵ˵ţ鵭Įƽ˵һ޹ص
ѡ
үôǧʵϹһĻȣĲɲ⣬Թ߸ûһ³ĹԽ࣬ϾͻԽɵ²⡢ɡƾٿ֮󣬱ʹȥʹ͵ıɽׯܱ

88 Ϲʲô

үζôϹҨһţ֭Ϲ֮󣬱ʵ
ζر𣡡Ϲ̽Եĺһڣ֭ŨζɿڣܲζںһһȥǡôûθڳԷˣҲθڴ󿪡
Ϲ仰Цü䣺үͶԵ֪ɳǳţˣţⶼеúܱתᲤܺһЩ߲˺;һĴ棡
šϹһϲвŭɫɳǵ꣬ûκεҪ󣬲ҬڷɽζֻҪǶҩϹ˵һ䡣
ţҲȷʵϹ޵ˣȻûж˵ʲôǻǶһ׷
үҪҪʹλʦأֽʵ
šϹӦһòʢһ
ҹɫŨأī㸲
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ϹԽֵľԽƽºүǸҲԽҡ
ٱ˵ϹϲŭɫֹһͻȻĻһõԤףҲпǻԤס
ǻ٣˲Ը˵ĵزǾһԤס
оϹӺ֡
ԽǺŸɣҲԽŸɣ㲻ʱֵĻ³һαһβҡ
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Ϲʲôģ˸ôôأ
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ңϹڶԴȻϣǺʹǰһ
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˵˵ϹϲǸղһ͸ڣ෴ϲˣȻԼˡ
ְֻһԼУϵӱ
ʱﶬص˽С㣬ū澸ոմǰͥ·ʱȻСС͵͵˵Żǹүģ
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ҽժһЩˣһЩﳢ֪ڵɺЩˣֻգһ˫峺ˮ˵š
Сˣ͹ǲѾ߹ˣﶬнӹװ˵ӣֵҲëˣڴձˣС㲻ع
ֻͷ±ӣһ˫ü΢΢𣺡ʲôζ
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ҽȥɣֻȹڸҪ߽ݡ
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89 

ʲô檣һסˣݵַ䣬Ҳһľ㵡ǰҲ֪²ֵܲġֹܼ˵ÿն鷿æ˲ˮҲûУʱֱ˯鷿ˣΪŮȻۣҹةฮԺ飬˲ȻϾ˼ΪŮҲʲôΨһ뵽ıڸһ檣źͬʱҲǣҽվѯ´ֻϸ
˵ţǰˣƽ⡣
һ˫εĺ촽ӯӯЦš
檵ʱ㲻ҵıʼдŸ˵Ը𣿻ο˵檵ĺ
ðҾõɼ檻ϣʱҲοԼģ
ֺݺ˰죬Ц˲ͽӲϡ
ݵַˣָ׺ݺݵĺɫֱӱɫ
檵͸үˣүƢСҲŬǣŴߵĨЦصû˵ꡣֻ˵ǱȻȥ˵ڴ֮ǰһҪѯһ´˼ϾةฮĸȨ֪顣ҲΪ˴ãȻ꼰
ǣҪˣٹҲҪˣīҪѧãҵһֱæڹǴﵽʱ˵˶ûС
ϵЦѾάˣʱ֪ЦжѿжཀྵӲ
ǣˣūԻ˵ģţǾˡҲѯһ´Ͼ޳ȥŮóȥˮҳţةฮκ鶼޹ˣµʱҵûչˣŮģȴʲô
ҲˡֻЦü䣬ϸµĴ磬˵Ķġ
ȴַֺǸ˺޵
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СˣȻү檣ûнҷַŭ֮˵ţһ˫ϸƵǺæοˣС㲻ˣôȥˣүû檣ѾʮҪɸò檷ةฮȥЦүϧ
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ͬˣǱȥүүҲԸ⣡ַԽ˵Խί԰ɳڵǷߺ޺ʹһʼүӭȢţΪչźǸС˵ģͬʱڸּһǸС˳ˣָּһѪүֻ֮άűĺгȴ
Ϊģַ˺ݺݵҧ˻ߵĽеһͷĸһ㣬˭ҧ˭ȫʧȥǣ
ǰַ˵סĽˣССǻû߳ԷأҪôСˣôã
ʹԭѾʮ궼ûͬˣȥĶԷҲǷִ˯ġ
Ϣֻ𾪣
С㣬ū澵ҵȥãǻ𾪵ϢأﶬҲһĳԾ
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ĻҵʹѾʮûͬˣֻǰԾ𣬵͵͵š
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ı˵ţͣϲСմȾζ
С㣬˵Ҫ
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£յűƿһŷ죬Ĺ߱漷վںڰеһӰϡ
ַˣҪԼһΪ£ͳȻǰѹ֡
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ڵаԴֻѾԶԶͶ俴ȥЦ⣬Ǿ͸Ūһֻһ㣬ȵˣֻڱҲ͵ˡַ˼Ȼ㶼֪ôϹ˫ɱаˣķԷһ¾ʧӰ٣תΪаʾæϾﱸڣ
Żӳٻڵģ
˿аĹܼةฮŮרõ֬ˮۡһĶǸɵӶ֪Щ϶͸ֻġ
ȻȻ˻ԾͲˡ
˵аıߣǹӻڣֻģºȴֶةฮڣΪֻһҲة޴׷ȥаһΣڱаһأַһݺݵĵаۿȾΪаôһñӽӭȢ븮

ϹȴЦˣƣһ죺Ȿôû뵽أ
ϹѾֻһΣۿֻһ˳ҲҧˡǡϹѿЦȴʱͻȻ𣬱һƬ䣬ͻıѩ㣺ʱϹûпƺɱˡ߽˷ʲô

90 ֻϲʲô͵

£ȻףҪĿа˻飡ַ󣬺󱳲֪Ϊһ亹
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¶ŪֻĻүа϶ֻ᳹룬ʵʩһڱ
ַˣȥףʵʩȴͦѵģϹƺᣬʵȴصϢ
аɳ꣬Ѵ䣬²֪˶˵İ׹ǣʱаһĻпֱܻɱֻ㵱ɱֻҲֻͨؽΡ
Ҫֻ𣬿ɲǱı˱ؽ̲εֻ
ַ˵ͷһǣ²һһϦɵģҪµİæУôºͱκһĹϵǣҲУϹֱӷ档а۷ʱڣâǲȥϹе㣬
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ֻŶ䣺ǾͲܵ͵㣿ĺﶬѾͷνð̹⣬ǺһƱ˷ܺͼ֮ɫôҲβˣС㣬Ŷ̶̵ļ죬һƱͱʮū澾
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ΪҪһ۳ݷֹǹؽϣǵʱһĻֻ־ҲյˣӶòȡ
Ϊְҵϰߣֻݷֹǹؽϵǵİ̺ۡ
Ҫʱ򣬴ĺﶬԽһݷҲǽһ
С㣬ʲôأﶬֵʵ
ǸղŲֹĻСҪȥ֣
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Ҳ֪ѹʱӣݷֻע£ݵЩ΢졣
ݷʹͷֻҲûע⵽עȫݷ仰ˣʲôдѹˣǰүϽɽϴģү˵¾һʲôǵˣةฮ˰֮󣬱ةฮֶүġݷʵ
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ʧˣֻǰݷ㣬һμʱȷʵһһǴͬ·վһͷɨȥһ۾ܴзֱ˭ǣݷһ»شүҲһֱ˲µݣһֱûн¾ةฮһҲͦõģĵѣԴְҲϲ
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־ͬϵѣһĵطԴż򵥶ƽȫݷ㣿ֻתֺʵӦøةฮգֲŶԡ

91 ݷ

ǣү˵ʱֵʱ´˵һ֣Ȼͻ˹ȥһƬķҶµϣݷ֣ݷԱһһһʮ
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ʲôε˵С㣬ūſûˣԸ߽ˣСĪ֣û£Ҳةฮˣڴߴô꣬ʹˣ㲻᷸ЩͿߵĶΪǽ˶Էȥ磡ֻϸ˵ţһ˫续üЦü
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ִԷ߳ʱ󼹽һƬ⣬ֱվĵ̫£ԵĺתЩ
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˵ҩѾͣǰɣֵӰһſڣֻǣڴǵЦ⣬˲ʧˣǰݷ㡣ǣѾմС˵ͣˣʣµҩҲɾκεİѱǶ̶Ĺ򣬴СͻȻıע⣬ݷȻЩͷԣǶڴС㽻
飬һִУԷиѾͷС÷ÿ϶͵͵ȥһЩҩˮֻҪÿ콫õҩˮУ˵ţֻóһ֬ɫĴƿУϴεҪࣺÿһ׵
Ȼټӵؽˮɻɫ
ǣݷûκԵɣֻнӹ֬ɫĴƿ뿪ˡ
ǲԵɣȻݷȻֻһһ£ںԵɡ
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ݷԸֻǺϲ
ʲôҪϷһ檻鷿ڣةϢʮֵ𾪣仰ǴԼŮ˵ġ
ҪҲԣֻվةԣͻݵĸةż硣ƣΪѾǲ֮꣬ʮ궼ûɹһһ̣ǵףΪֹæʵϾ˼㣬ΪҲȢһһةȻʮֵ˵
һ仰ʱԱ˱䡣
Ϊһò檻Ϊ飿óͬţΪةĿļᶨȫûκأ
ַ˵ˣ檣
ŻӦˬ죬ȥȰһȰŮ֪Щ鶼ΪŮŮҲˣҲҪΪԼ밡ֻ֮֮˵ţΪŮ֪ʵһϲԴӴ
īةฮһ֮󣬵ûͬˣ
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ⷽ棬ҲȷĲ棬ȴǻͶ࣬Ǹʮĸ˼ңС۽Ҳͣ˵һȥ
ַ˵ǽةฮԺַ˱Ҳһֱűྴ׺һϲ˵һȥһǶôʹ࣬һҪľǹͨΪһִֻʮͨҪԣһӣصҾͽ
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Ѿϰˣة̾һԵֻŮһġΪһ檻ǲܵģͲҪˣǵ¸أ˰һ֮࣬ʮ˵ԿǣѾǲ֮ˣŮôˣ
һʮС檻ʲô
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Ůڼа֮ǰΪЩʲôΨһԸϣܹаٰͬüĹһаû֮ǰǰ㣬㣬ֻҪаﻹСڵô꣬ѾϰˣҲҲ
ڶܹõϲ˽ˣةൽҲѾȻˣϣаܹ˵ԭֻһһĶԴֻԸŮγأŮϣи֪֪ȵźţ鷳ƵʱиߡŮһòŮ͵檻Ҫ
һ֪ŮӻֻˮƶᶨĿةࡣ
檵һˣ͵Ȼʮʱ䶼ûͬʱ
¶ģҪһ檣
λ֪жλáʮ궼δɹһһ檣ҪͻȻһ檻֪ж˻ⷢӣةĳĶֻ˵
һ֮࣬ɸ檱ûʲôȴΪةǸ¸أ֮ˣΪϧԼëմȾһ۵㣡
ҪǴȥⲻ˱˻ڱۣһӰ졣֪㵣ʲôֻҪͷӦŮԻҳһñ˲˵ʲôֻ֪ԽԽ󣬵λԽߵˣԽᰮϧԼ뵽
һǳõķӡ
ֱһ檻ϵ͢µգ϶ǻԴ۷׷ס
ǰһܹôĹ³ôҲڱԷˡ
ةԾһƬԥ֪ܲڽʱ͵͵дٵȣһŶû뵽ϣΪʲôֻӲУԱѹة˵

92 ַ˸ϳةฮ

˵ʲôѵةһʮֵ𾪣漴ͺ뵽ʲô۶ǷŭȻôҲǲ²⣬ûκεƾʵݣԾΪŮҲҪȢһ檻ƽ޻Ȼ飬æڳ͢飬ʱԺ飿Ůа
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֮ǰҲɹһ뵽ַֻһִģ缺չţ˵ûѪԵϵܹеĸŮڰɣ
ǻôһ˵ةνǴĺ˹벻һ˳ַ˵ĳȻ˵Ĵ
Ϊʲôߵ˵Ҳǲ²⣬ҵЩȫ˽Ҳö֪˵ˣȷʵԴһ֪ԩ˴ֻة֪ࡣҪȴһʱ
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Ȼʱ϶ΪȻ»īַ·䣡
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ʱ֮ô룡ϷҲݷȻģϷ㽫ةฮǲ֪ʱϵжء˵ֵ˼ΪĲ̣ݶûҪ˼Ϸ򲻸ųȥ
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Ҫ֡Ϲ౨̧ͷģЩˣȥó͹ˣǸĳʦ

94 ǲ͵ˣ

С뿴һϹֱߵ౨ٶȣүʱܿ౨ǽղ֪ôˣȴһ౨ûпꡣ
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Ҳûʸȥʵģֻ˵ĺܵҲᣬ˵úܲ⣬µĶȴЩΣĴһЩᡣ

95 ĵ

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һͺо綾һߴŵӣһ߳ǿ޴ʯȥ

96 ԩ·խ

ڵĴߵڷʯϵ¨ʱȴһֱ¨ǻԸȥ
겻üͷһ˿˿ϸܵ亹ԲĶͷ˳һ¼ӿ˵Ľࡣ
һԵֻ˾͸оʲôԴըһ㣬Щܡ
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ȥңֻһ߿ٵķԸһ߰ͷϵķư·ð˵˿ȫı¶
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нҩ𣿡°ӿһԵ¨ӣߵѪͿҩҪʱƳҩҵ߹ĻټۻƵĻӻʮʱ

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98 ϹֻΪ

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100 ñ

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λõģַսµһ˫С֣ɫض࣬һ䲻Ĵĳֱǰݡ
㶵ĿԼףŴ顢׵ݲ֪ںʱ˵İһ˫˳ŨܵĽգţһƬìܡ
ſңſҡһɳƵĽкʱĴԷд
ҹɫŨصҹԵøˡ
ѾַĴİѹڴϣﶬĶֻС㣬аȥĿ϶ܳԷģҪ˵ô죿
һҹѾѾƣϺ϶ץ˺ˣǴȴͬ˼Ѫһ㣬ѾʮֵĿܣûһ˿ƣ롣
ֻˮɫͬȾһī㣬һƬŨڡ
̧üģЩĲɣѧ˵ķԴչ赼ǲûκεЧľȫһУ˵ĻȫûκεķӦʱˣ
ȻڲͣУòһ㣬֪ƣ
˱һСèͼôĸоůһܴ̼ģȴôΪЩСèǹ֣ǼʱСèȫҪĸˤˡС㣬λĲ֢ʧķ谡֮ǰ϶ܵʲôҵĴ̼ŵµġֹܼĴһ߽俴ǰһĻ΢΢סˣھһ֮󣬱ó
һۡ
򣬴Ѿһˣͳдҩ֮Ϣһʱܲ취ﶬżһҹۺͮͮġ
ʧķ֢״һǷִҽֻܿһЩҩò˯ȥǸûκҩܹʧķġ
һлÿԼ
ϷҲΪѣһĸͷ۵ӣ֢״ˣֻԼ߳ȥߣľɫҪӴܹ̼顭
Ļ˵ֿ꣬һ۱ڴȴԾ¶һֶƫĴġ
ԴĿǰ״һɿӣͻֻͷӬһײײȥ˵⣬пܻ˵ˡ
Ϸ򣬼ǵóǽɽסһһΪţһʧķˣСԽλԿֵֻ
ֻüģ̬Щƣ룬Ҳֻҽˣﶬȥֹܼҽ˼Ҹɣ
Сźɫ߽Цůĵүȵջ裬ۣ
ϹԾɷϵľͼڰֵֽĵͼЩطϹúɫīʱϡ
ΪƾٿԵ٣Եص㡢ʱ䡢ƶ
Ϲ֮Իھɽɽ·ϣȥƾٿԵεġ
̲ǱʵĽôС뽫ǱƯ仰ɢϢԲ豭˵ϹǰʱϹ˫ʵѪǳѪԣһʱʲ˵үĻʲôⱨӦʲôˣʲôŮСһ˵һ۽ǵעϹɫֻҪ
вԾСʶı졣
ϹųɽоžǵĵͼʱʱĻīһԵϼ¼䡣
С˵Щȫûᡣ
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ԭ˺֪ñӴʲô壬ΪѪһϹǿ϶֪ñѪһָľŮ˺ӳǽ
ϹʵĲñӱĺ壬ʵѪ˵İŮ˴ñʲô˼˵ڴСϣһˣСöǳǳģ˵̫أȴ˵ļΪСűүп˵˵Ĩүܻү
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˵ʲôˣϹƽֳīԾжŵͼϹ
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ʵСȴʮϹԽǱֵƽǺԽأѾܵϹɢϢ˵СǸһ·ĵúܺã˵ЦģʮֵɣСʵţСѾ߷үʱ򣬴СλӶ棬Գƿʱ򣬲
ûзӣ
ϹֱĽϵīʷɽʯϴУԭɾˮʱ㱻īȾɺɫһƬŨ
ĻȷʵȫţǸˣϹ⣬һ亮Ĺâָģʮֵз
ǣūͽȥ飡СףϹϾĵСӦáʲôԲүΪɵ
Ϲ˫ǧ꺮Ŀע£С벢ûн˵
СߵſڵʱϹȴͻȻڵЩˣĳӣЩʵС仰ʱڴǵĵЦȥɫ߳ŭʱƢҶүȴһӺʳȻŵĳԵ

101 ʧķ

үȴ˵ҪԱĶ֪үжŭˡ
үǸĳʦȾ˷纮ūĳɺãǽ纮ȾүͲˡСתһǳЦָǡ
Ϲڵһ۲룬̵ǣūȥԸ
һϮµֹܼҵ߽ԷʱվļѾ߶¶һĨ޵ɫ
˵ôһꡣ
ҩڴĲûжãһʱ֮󣬾ԽԽá
ϵѾҧˣѾȥֹûôѳ
ѽʲôʧķ谡һ蹷һ˭ҧ˭һֿϱץƵѪۣ߽İ˵
겢û˵ֻÿЯţƤȡһָ룬ѾӾŵУ뵽˴ĵͷʱӦҵĴľȻһЩ
˻ƵɤӣֵĽŹʲôˡ
ڴĵԴʮ룬ֱӽĵͷһֻ⬡
ѾӿΪľ֣ǴȴһĺתԾһ־壬ȴѾôЪ˹ˡ
ʱĴʮֵİֻһ˫Ű¹ӣٷ裬
ۣ˯һͺˣ꿪ڣѵ͸¶һĨº͡
ĹӰĻı۾С㣬ĺ氡λ߽ȥڴĵһ룬ľðλӻ˵ȴ˾ûˣǧǰܴ̼ˣﶬһ
˵ֻܵĸǰ˵
ӣֻվѣﶬĻЩʡһλŰɫ۵Ĺӣհף֮üչﶬ¶һĨЦգС㣬ǲǺʫ⣿ȥǸˣλӲ󣬷һЩ
屡죬޶Ľͣ
Щ䣬ȴǡ
ֻ·֮󣬱ֱȥ˷ֻѾȫվ档
С㣬׹βһѾ߿ֻ֮󣬱㹧Ķֻ
䣬һϮ³۵İ֮Ĵӷ˳
һ紵ֻǰ˿ڽɫҫ£һɫҫۡĿС㣬̼Ѩλݵİ֮ǰôңҪȫѹҪһζҩģҵ֮ةฮΪҽΡСмǲҪ
ǰйصʱ飬Լйصһĵڰ֮ϸֳ˵Ĺ⻪һ˫˫ͫ΢ʹš
֪׹ӿ˵ʲôҩֻ͸ӨӰ֮ɨŴݵʵ
ݣ֮ʹ̬ȴǲǹȴʿȴˡ
Щʮ꣬һŽʿεѾǡ
ǿŰ֮ĶĶ
ڤ֮֮ƵݣֻĵһӦ
ΪҽԺõҩɷһҩģΪС˵УΪ֮ЧɲݣΪɱħֲ
Ϊҽѧķһϡ
ֻ֪İʪĿ֦Ҷ֮䣬һָһϼȡ֡
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ʮֵУҲԼ
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С֪ڤ֮֮Ե̧ɫһĨȡ
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ô˵λеžǰ׹ӵʦֻЩţǷŵЦ⣬ʼյıֺǵһμ֮һ㣬ʮֵĴȻ
ð֮а̾һĨϸ΢Цϴǣݼš
ةฮǧ𲢲ô׹ƻ󣬿öĲǡ
ǣ֮ƿ˫һ
ԭһΪ׹ӱǴеĲأֻ˵ţֵͰ׹ӽڤ֮ӻҲȥɽѰڤ֮
С㣬ڤֻ֮İʪĵطһɽûеģֻʱ򣬲пҵڤ֮֮ʵ˵š
֪ˣͷӽڤ֮ҵ֮빫һةฮΪҵѾβֻϸɽϪˮö
ȥ׺ͣͬʱȴָһ־С
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ǾǰСѾβľȻһõİ¹ӣҴС㻹Ե˷λ¹Ѿߵ
ˣҪҪʱةฮ˷ųһϢȥһ߽ǲɢѾߣСĽղһ»㱨ַ
ַһ˫ӨһĨĹǸݼΪĲһʮֵУǾǡġڲŸտʼҲɵͬһطˤΣ쵽һķ紵ݶ϶԰׹ӾԶ֮ôܼļƻϸţةฮ
۴£׹ةฮһ£Ҳ˽ۣ֮ǰַҲ˵СĽǾϴε֮ڶֻġ
ֻ㲻Ҫү𣿺ߣǱ˾͸һΪͶϵӳǰˡ
úõ׹밮ԡһ£
ֻСųģмëһ
ʮԼƻɹ
˭ֻڶԴϣäĿ嶯Ҳƺġ
ֻҪֻһϲϰ֮͵ɣ
ǣūȥԸָҪ˳ȥַ˸ŪѾɫޢ˵ֹܼҰϵޢɫЩˡҪȥƹˡ
ǡһַѾɫޢĬȻĻһ
ҹɫڣһɫڰУһʻةฮſڡ
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102 а

ү𣿡Ϊãټŵ˲Ҳˣַ˵º͡
ط˵Ļүλȥ˽¥ڻûлأֹܼʵ˵š
ַ仰ͿĨźɫ֬Ĵɵ䣺¾ͲҪүǰǰˣʡүǣ
ǣǣūֹ֪ܼʮڵ˵š
ԷУݷվһһʮĽֻ
ֻױǰºľױƹʲôطС㣬֪ƹרŽӴһЩټҷ˺һЩ̫̫ĵطΪṩݡƤ˵ЩݡķʮֵЧȥͦģﶬһľ
ֻһͷ˿˳ĳһ˵š
͸ִԺ࣡
ǰҲȥ𣿡ֻݷʵ
ǣһ»ȥƹΣүةฮʱȥģݷʵš
ֻȴһ·ڣͭеﶬʵҵǲǻûл
ǣﶬЩԵĵ˵ͷֵ
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ǸŮ˲ҲҪפഺүŻϲ£
ϾүڼԼ⣡
ôݳޣүȻ᲻ˣ
ȻֻͫȴʱһĨĹâ
ҪഺûѾʹ־ʮˣƽ˱Ҫĺ֮⣬ͲȥԷ
ôƵĳƹݸ˭
ÿλǳةฮʱϾͳȥˣһֱϲŻ
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аүմСȷʵһˣ֮ʮֵĿɣơǳŴСȥģ뽫鵽ĽʵϹ֮ͻȻھУȻûñ
СھɽˣСߵѾߵʧķ裬ǰҽεҲ
ūžָ֮ʹӽСģһ˫γǽ˵⻰ͬʱѾĻʹ˳
үӭȢСһѳɶ֣ЩȴЩģͼҪаһ֡
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ˡа
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ڤ֮ġ
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ֻӨ˫Լˮܽصӣڳ˼ʲô
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˵ھаܼҶ֪аʲôطʲôʱܻ
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԰ԸεεˣԽҪȥ»Ըֻϸ˵üΪᶨпһĨŮʹ档
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ֻҲûа취ҪȥϹͱһɳةฮ
֪Աѣ
ȻةڳĬ󣬱ӿִȰ³һá֡
һȥ»ԸЩģȥɣةȰֻתһȦֵ֮
ͬʱɵ̾һǻи߱磬ǾͺˣܻҪȥߣҲܹˡ
պίиҲ
ãֻ˵ͷة¶飬ͻȻЩġ
û취ɵĻû취ةฮȥа
ڱ˵ֻһź²ѾߣûҲ׷ǹʵģ˱ˣֱͳԷһѾźˡ
Ҫôľȥκ
ǣһҽ˱ְ𣬸οźһѾߣȻܾȣΪʲôȣ
ļĵѾڲ֪ɽԱߵһïܵУ֪ʱٱκ˿ʱʱһʿѲ߶
ү͸λ飬ûʱκˣСڴʿֱǿӲľܾˡ
λС磬鷳ȥһ£ǡݷҪԱŵʱ
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㣬ǲ˵Ҫȥ»Ըôүˣһ˫Բǲ⣬͸һĨõ֪ˣ϶ģ
⴫ȥҲʮֵԣҲûݷԱŰֻգգ۾

103 

ǴС㣬ǾҪȥ𣿡ﶬЩĵš
ǿǺòײܳةฮһˡ
ֻֻǵЦţﶬǰ׼õİ˳
ƿµӪ˽ϹĶүղŴСˣ
ϹųɽͫרעĿϱעĵͼûһ˿ģģ
ǴСģö͸¶Ĵ
ΪһѾߣȻұѵãϹϵĵͼ⣬аǣСʵЩףүСҲΪС룬ñ֪ˣ˵С㲻֪߳ܡ뽫һ˵ϹǰֵǽүҪһа
ڤ֮С͹ȥ
䣬Ϲ˫㳯Ȫɤ͸¶һ˿䣬ҪɽȪˮҪ֣룬ôãС˵봽ЦίүɾԩūţūſһĶү롣СүģүڶԴС㲻䲻ȵģǸ˴Сˣ
ʱүĸƻִ͸𣿡
Լ˵Ҫʶ˽ⱾģϹ¹һº³һ仰ı
˵һİˣһİôҪӦ
ͳƵûһ˿ǲȴóǻжôĮˡ
ǣūԺ󶨲ڶ˵һ䲻˵ĻˣСչһĨĵЦ˵
Ѿˣ
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Ҳ֪Сȥ֮ûϸоүԸϲǴСܹϸоһµĻӦڼһģ˵үôСȥˡ
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ưɫĴ֦Ҷïζķҷ뵽ֻıǼ䡣
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ֻСһʯ͸ʢҶ϶ðŴ̵ķȥʿʿļ׳Уջ
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ã¶顣Ϲųɽ˫ͫ΢΢һƿ˫壬˲Ҿܾ

104 ةฮ

̹˳ȥ
Ϲ˫֣޳Ĵȣȴִżѹ֮Ƴֻ
ֻ½ѸٵĳϵĽȥˮܽصϼĨεЦ⣺үϹһµĺ糯ԼϮһ㣬ֻϷŵ˵ʱÿڰȥûθڣһݸү͹

ֻ˵ţȥΪʢ̫Ĵָ۵صʱ򣬱̵ˡ
ֻһ׼ĴָУϹȴһץסֻ󣬿ű̺ĴĴָùһѾ͸Ĳ豭̺Ĵָ˲ˮ֮С
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Ҳ㲻ϹʱΪʲô顣
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105 һֻ

ֻһϹ¶һĨɾȾκʵЦգүҵСϪˮԺţ͵ͺˡүҪΪҵƾٿԵ顣
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106 ֵֻ

վһԵﶬȴһ磺С㣬ūôүԶС㣬ͦõӣ
Ǹү󳤴ģүȻˣֻȻ˵ţžһͽװڤ֮ĺӸˡǣūôүԶСҲ̫ˣҶ񳬹СˣүСֻӸ˹һֻرƯɰӣܼ˵ǳã
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107 ˿ںЩ

ةˣðة˻ǾҽΪã¸صĲ֢֮ة࣬ǫǫһ񣬱ڹܼҵĴǰȥ˴á
ةտͫѸٵһĨ˼漴ֹܼҷԸ˼
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ǣ֮ƿ˫Ļشðɣֻһﶬŵڤ֮Щԥţڤ֮ҲûʲôãϹڤ֮ת͸ֲ֮СıϹ֪Ļ
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108 

ֻŤͷһۣ˵Ѿû֮ǰôˡ
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ϹɫԾһƬûգһ£зǴ󺮵Ķ˶ԣŮˣ
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㷸㿸ţ
һǼȰԵ飬һ仰˵÷ᶨͺǶµһŵ԰㡣
㲻ҪֱҲҪ˼룬ǱĵߣϹ˵ڵ̩ͫͬɽһᶨ
ֻͷᣬүȻ˵ˣҿ϶ٷҲҵĴҶү˽һĻҾͲᴥүĵߣүΪˡ
ҵĴҰзүԣ͵ǲˣֻһҧзȣһѡһϴзİзĿǡ
ڳǷӯзƣ͵ϹǰүҪҪմף
ϹԾͦΡŵڰϣĿֻɫˮû˵һ仰
ǾүϲԴˡֻǰ죬ϹûҪԵ˼ֵүҲϲзҳԺˣ
ֻ΢΢һЦǳҪջԼ͡
ȴʱϹĴסֻϸ۰΢΢һ˫ס׽зƶС
˵Ϲĳǳţŵջ󣬵ȻҪ˫Ըе˫ÿɡ
үҪǲæĻôġﶬȥɿڵСˣŰɣֻϹ׽£³ᶵЦʱҫ
ʱĺﶬ˽ϹͻȻУ˵ĵһӦǾȣǾš
С㣬ҩʱˣĺﶬٸϹ֮󣬱ߵǰ˵
ɣġﶬȥСǵ÷ŵֻ˵꣬ȴ뵽ʲôүϻˣͳԵ嵥İɣ
Ϲֱֻ˫͸Ө⣬δȴһƬŨԿ׵ʵԽԵϹĳ
أѾùˣȻҩҪ󸸻ʹһƿҩ㣬ָĿ㣡Ϲ⿴Ƴȴƾĳħһ㣬ǸһɲĸоֻҲ֪ҩʲôЧϹʹģǾ˵ƿҩæڰ֣ãֻСˣûѪֻǺ׶ѣүϵЩ
ͲֵһᣬүͲ˷Ѹˣ
Ϲһ۴ŵҩƿûиةˣҲûҩģ
ԼҽİЧͦģ˵˵ֲطô˼Ҵأ
˵ˣʿѾˣȻʹǲûѪֻҪЩҩݾУҲòʲôҩĺ͸ӵҩ
ΪʲôةˣϹʵ
ة˵ˣةҲһ취ֹŻ°ɣ
Լ£ȥףûôɵ˰ɣֹֻ˹䵽ǰ鷢Ц
ֻԽάԽԵò⣬ԽϹеԽŨ
Ȼһʱ䲻ֻʲôˡ
ǰӵģǰίة˵ġ
ҲίϹĻ˵ֻ꣬Ȼѿڶ
һ仰׵׵Ϲ֪ڸ˵ʲôˣֻĿ
ֻҲգһ˫ӣ̹ȻĿ
úˣȱæƾٿԣȥɽׯϹվƿƬ˫ֻ˵
ѽֻࡣ
ϹߵſڵʱͻȻվ壬عͷʱ㿴ֻּез
ġһں
׼ȷ˵Ҫ£˵Ļںˣ
ڽԼһûƢˣֻ
Լһַʽ
ϹͳǵͻȻĵ͸ïܵҶϹɫĽͶһƬ߲Ӱӡ
ǲΪ𣿡
ֻ仰ǲźۼһĨЦ⣬԰ûҪ¹ӣϾҲûһ
Ƿܶ࣬ҲԼ飬ҲȥΪ
үôͻȻ˵ֻϸյ磬һɢ
зԺԶ˶Ů˵ӻɼ𺦣Ϲ˫֣վƬҶİ߲£ɫ¶ӡҶϸơƽһĨ䡣
үˣѪʹȺз˿ڵĻָҽзܲܶԣԼ˼û
ˣүҪҪ´ˣ˸͵ȥֻǺܳĵš
ϹȴǶ࿴һ֮󣬱Ƭ߲Ӱ뿪ˡ
ûãһµİ֮ԷվϹղƬ߲¡
С㣬ةԸС㿪Щҩ֮վ⣬
ߴĺﶬѾϵ᣷ֻ¶һֻ֬档
ֻȴһֻһ޿ĳԴ
ϹǰŸߣͰ˸Ѫͷ֮ð֮Ͼơ
ǰѸܿЩʲôҲֻܼԵĶ࣬Щʲôġ
СǱʲôˣ
ӣǾӪͷʿרðӰɣʲôҾͲ֪ˣֻشЩġ
˶£֮ʵ
ʮ£
үΪʲôҪС㣿
޹ذɣֻһ˵Сûʲô󰭣ֻҽС£֮ڰϣĿתĿǰ˵š

109 

ֻĶȴǾһЦʲô£
κһδ򣬲Լδ޷ʲôֻѡ˻飡ˣǾΪ˵ʹþ֮ջԼ֣˵
֮кƶԴŮ˵˺ǿ
ֻЦЦΪҲСĴ˾£ʱв˿ˣүҲû취Сôάүүڵʱά𣿡֮һƣʱҪά㣬Լ˽ӦôԼŶԣ
øã
ֻԴһĨǳǳĻȡ
Щ鱻˵Ͳˣ
ϾƷֻΪϹ˵һ䣺Ҳˣ
˵ЩʱֻûһıԹίǵȻ
ѾǸˣĺѾĿ̽Ĺˡ
ӦøеңĴмŶԣ
֮վʱƸһ㺮˪űһ˿⣺һֱףôôܺΪӺ˵ΪŸָĽڡ
֮˵仰ͷҲص߳˷䡣
һļĳ
һŹ˫ǧˮŮͻȻӺͬ߳뼲۹ײ˱ˤڵء
С㣬û°ɣŮѾ̷һУ漴ǰˤڵصŮӷ
ǵϵŮӺײúأƺⲿ˲ٵѪۣϵȹҲʯ·һӣѾһ˺üײڵصŮӲԵЩӦ
̴һϵŮӣֱӶүǲС㡭
ϹУ޳ĵһСƿīȾ˫ͫһƬ⡣
ڰ챾ͼΪķʱܱ߱Χ˲ٿֵˣܿ챻ײĲԼϵҲϳˡ
ūȥһ£ûϹĻӦ˵
˵ôϹʱȻĵС⡣
ò˵˹ͷվˣ
һ߹ɫ㱻ϹƿΧ۵һСۿˡ
Ѿ߼ϣһʹ࣬СĲϹҧŴҪվСС
˵űһʹ⣬һȴǿҪӵվһζûгɹϵѿˣʺѪҺ͸ɫȹ͸ĵһգĴĿġ
μүСײүϣүƹһΣһ˫۾ڿϹ߹ʱҪϹ
Ǹ΢΢ĲţҼ
ͷʢʱǴ̫λε˵ϣȡۣµʯ·ɹһƬ̡
Ϲ߹վڲǰȴδһ䣺С㣬ô˵ҲпǱײ㣡
仰Χ۵ĳԹȺЩˣһԶ׼鰡ү·ĲСײڵء
ҲС˵ôأүô˽С͵ҽݣ߲ܸΡ
仰ССת۾ԴһʹģʱιȥĿܡ
ѾߺϵļڲĶ߽ţС㣬С㣬ѣѰ㲻ܻȥ
龰Χ۵ȺڶЩˣϹȴûʲô
վͲ֮䣬ϸĿܵĻűֵͷʯ·
ҲпײġϹԿıӡ
仰һΧ۵ȺЩĿ࣬˭û³ײ
Ҫ˰ɣҪǱȥҲʣˣοһεεĴС㡣
Ȼ仰ȴÿѾ߻еĲ棬ɫ΢΢һ䣬űϸʵү㡭ΪԼײȥģί
ԣϹ˵ţϵ˲Ѿ˵һ𣿡
ײڵأǱӴĵ棬ϥϵģǱϵСʯͷҲڻôѪ
ûв´Ļϵ˿ӦõԼİɣϹӣһֱֻһֻĵë
Χ۵ȺڸǴһСһһ
ʲôǱүײ˲Сڵڵص𣿡
ɫʱѸٵһףű˵үˣϵղСı˵ģǱүײġ
վ𣿡Ϲƽٿһ°θߣֱΧ¶˲½˺üʮȣɪɪ˲Υ
Ȼû뵽Ϲ˵仰һ۾ͿСϷ
үվĲǹȥײүģһžӨˮһ˵ţдŨصĿǻ˵ί
ֹסۣΧ۵ȺǰϹݣƶֱӳϹӳˡ
үҪĻֻ־ˣգһ˫뵵⣬ѸٵİγͷϵһҪԼĺȥ
ѾæȥֹС㣬ҪСѾȥүˣǧҪɵ°
ССſңʲôϣµ˵ţҪССƿССץס֣ȴתϹ˵үΪϴιǺСĻԩСˣЩĲС˵ȥģǡСдϣ
ҪûϿСģүԩҼСˣЩĲҼС˵ģ
Բ˵С˭ﶼ
ССһټϲľʱݣΧ۵Ⱥһ˴š
벻ةฮĴǧһƯȴЫɢЩҥԣ˲СүĲ졣
ѹү˵һɵĻˡ
ةฮǧֶλǸ߰
үС֮ôΪʱڹϣСҪҼС·ҼСΪûмʱС㣬С±
ССĻû˵̴꣬ССĻССסڣ˭˵ģүºͻ޹أĴʱûΪ岻ˤүߣүַһѵĻͲн飬ĴҲֻ̫
ү˶ѣǸ޹ݣ۵˼¡
ֱΧ۵˽ֻ޵үҲˣȻˣĻү޹ĲܼС㡣

110 Ϲ

˫ˮӣȴʱĵĻһĨݵĹâ
һ׼ƻΪƻڼãֳʲôԤ顣
ǿƣﵽЧȴǲһ
һֻΪ˽ӽϹӮϹĺøС
ڶʮΣգԼ׺עɹĻֻҪºݼɱϷ룬Ȼĵǰȥߡ
ǵʱϹضӭȢа
ڿΧȺڵı飬ȻĿĲﵽˣˮõֻϣ˸ӵֻ
Ȼϣүܹ˵ĻΪֻһƶʡĻŮˡ
ϹǿȻɽηϣϵɫ߶һɫȴϹתϹŵĲɲǣ쳣ĺ¡
·һϦĶӵܳһ㣬ĳȥ
Ϲһ˲䣬ɭĺ͵ôӲĺ󼹱ܳһ඼ֹͣĴƿݵĵŮʲôʱֵ˵ģУ룬͵£ɽԼ֮¡ھ͸㣬һֻӭȢةฮ
Сֻһˣ檣
ôһְĻȻǽڳȫ嵽ˡ
ԤȴΨһûԤݵ
û뵽аȻ˵ֻİ˵
Դհ˺üʮ룬ɫ˿İ׵ˣÿëү桭ûС㡭
һı⣬ʵ̫԰
ûκ˵һ֣ϹӷĿ£ǲޱȣȫûκλؾأ
תͳȥ
ǰҪߵʱ򣬲׵ͬһŰֽ㣬亹Ӷͷ񾪻šŵ˼¡
Ѻͷĵطһȥˣûһܹõĳ
׼˶ˣ˵˵һεεǧСˡ
С㣬˵ʵ˵ʵǸطȥССץŲ·ţһƬ־顣үү֪ˣȺײүġֻΪϲүҪүһ棬ŻģүһΰɣֱģΨһ
ľܲȥǴ£ʲôʲôģѾҪˡ
ʹࡣ
Ϲ󣬳һ޺ĲĿһۣȻ˻֣ץסȥ
״̹ڲǰץŲ½ǣ빫үһΰɣҲˡ
С㣬ղŲ˵վ𣿸ղŲվ߰ūſж磬ղһĶȥˣŹǰĲ棬ξ顣
֪ˣ󹫹үһɣȥ£ȥС㣬ҪѾүܲһˡղѾˣԼүײġͼɱүɲᰡүôܷأ²ֹС
Ҫ͵µ飬ǲСĸҲǣУӲкݺݵĳԼ½ǡ
ͼɱүĴ̿͵µ飡
˵Ǵ̿͵ʱͫ׾ҵһ£˶ˣߵʱȫûκεķӦһ̲̱ڵء
ĺﶬ˳Ľ⾪ޱȵϢɫ˵ֻ
˻ֱӱ
ֻһҧеƻļٵģǲ澹Ȼ˵ҽԴȥģԼ˵ģ
С㣬ⲻҪﶬ˵Ҫү˵Ƿ
ԣү˵Щֱ̫ˣʱΧ۵ȫүǷ嵽ˣ滹۷׷أصĵͷ
˶ʮֵΪֻˡ
ĸ˻һŮ˳鵽̶ֳȣΧ۵ȺѾ˵ˣϵʮ̣µСѾıݼˡ
·˹ԲĻŲɡ
үȴüëûжһ£ӲȻ˵ôһ
һȥ֪²˶Ůķġ
ū֮ǰүС㲻أڿүСĺ飬ֱǵ֮ĺ˰ﶬǸӺʱڳһ㣬ʮֵļ
ֻſͷϣҧһƻʵȻأ
Ȼ󣿡ﶬһ˵
˵һվڴߵﶬߣһҪ͵ȥ飬˶ɢˣǵطȥԱԼүײȥģǽ
ֱӱүһ̿͵͵˴ȥﶬʵ̲סˣ´ĵĻ˵ǸֱǻãҲԼＸأΪүڹϷһѣΪү˼ޡĺﶬһЦ۶ǶԲĳͱģ
ôҪҲͰˣڱүԺ󣬾ȻͼߵڰףС㣬ͼԼߵݵõүĴ
ֻҲЦ˼ԲݼǷģҲͦģ֪ÿӮϹģǿϧĵ̫ǳˣϹ̫ˡϹһս֪жұĵŮͼӽϹеǾרҵѵɱ֣ǱдϹģеǱһЩĵ˰Ϲߵϸеľ
Ʒаġ
ȻǵߣҲ룬ǰһǾѵҪ书书ҪıмıҪҪġ
ȴûһ˳ɹȴҪƴݼȡϹĻġ
ֱ̫ˣ
ʵ˵ݺ˹ϹǺȥϲһˣ߶һŮ˶ˡ
Ѿ߶ûУɼŮ˵ķ֮жˡ
йӽ֮ӵŮˣ͸˵ˣ
ϹһȷʵЩ͸жϹɱ￴ѣ
ˣ£ĺﶬ˵֮
С㣬ݷ˵ƹݱϿûʲôǱƹݵʱ䷢澹Ȼһ䰵ңɫ˵ţݷ˵ȥ鿴һⰵ﾿ʲô
ˣ´δȥƹݵʱڼҲ٣ֻǵЦⲻɵС
ңǼ䰵¾ǴϹ˽»ĵطɣֻǴ;ĵط
֮Ƶĳƹݣȥô򵥡ڶһ磬һ޳еַ˱ԷУһĺ͵ǵڴԣ㱻үʮ飬ôү˵¶Ų˵Ҫ˵ˣô죿

111 ﶬʧ

Һãүվ㣬û˴̫أȻطû취ַ˵껹̾һһʹġıݵʮֵλ
Ҳǲõʹﵣֻ𴽽ǣЦһ£ҲںŬһŮ󡣡һڴһİɣˣү͸һֻ½ֻñ㣬ֻرĿɰëرƯرĹԣ˵Ҳֻ
лʺͼλУַ˵ЦݷĴ飬һ˫۶гһߡ
ⲻүУŮ±Ҫˡ
ֻЦЦһߴͷһӣһ˵ˣãҸϲ⡣ãЩ͵͵ýǴһЩףģͻ൱Ůӡҿ˺üˣûö⣬ɣֻϵĻ
ַ˵ĸǰ
ַϵЦЩӲ΢ЦĴǶ鴤˼£ˣֻҪүϲͺãҿҲòע⣡
ַ˸׼ӣֻѡЩ޼үС檡
ֻȴֱӽӸ˻ȥ˵ҲеֱøźãҲżҺүĻڻûжڶѡһʱ䣡
ַ˴ԷһŴЦ˲ͱɫ۶ǺѾͷľҵģ
ˣҲżܴСѡʲô븮ǻճϵᣬ׸𣿡ָںͷο˵
ַķһۣ֮Ǳ߾ôˣӽֻģôǺүߵ׽ˡ̳ܿ˿ˣ֪ˣүˣһ㰡㲻֪үڶ׹ʮֵͣҪΪѧˣ룬ڴС
ةฮ׹ǲ취ةฮĻлӽСأ
˵е˵үҵ˺ֻϲʮֵƣֻҪ㹻ĽӴʱ䣬ߣҪ˶ãֻ׹ˣַЦļΪա
ҵὫ͵֮Уϸļ¼ֻһϲã
ǣֽֽӹЦˣʱͿλ׹ûб£ܹôС˽ˡ
һʯͷשײӽдӴȻᣬȴַ˺ֵע⡣
ֻһӰѸٵĴܿ
ﶬϳӰţ̷Ըˣȥ׷
ֲû̸̵ַ֮ķԸ
Ҫֻ֪ˣ
ǡӦ
ǵɾַָ˦뿪
ĵϣ˸ż貵ķǣķ͸ɫĻ䴵˵ϣΪ
ʱҡϣڳϣźĹ£ļʱ顣
ڵֻģֻҡϣſϯ棬һɫɴʣ赲סӵϮ̧ͷϵǣͷŲݴһһө档
һΪܵ顣
Ҫǻιϸԡ
Ҫ׵ҹöߵͷǳˡֻ뷨ոյԶһԶĵˮĴĶУյĲĽһͬ˼һƬѤ֯һ鶯
һµ
̴ֻϯСĵһ£ԼԼ俴λԺǵϣһӰ
ﶬ˵֮ةΧѵһ֪ɵĳةฮԺ
ʱµˣ֮ᱻةฮԺ
ǸϳѵӦþǰ֮ɣ
С㣬С㣬ﶬϳȥ֮ҲûлˣūҲãǾҲﶬʱܹ۶ǽ
ƽȥĶֻһȷʵûڿﶬˡ
ﶬȥĵطǼǶûУҲû˿ﶬԺԽԽʼ
նһջΪа۵ҹˣôϾĪʧˡ
ֹܼǱʹ𣿡ֻһ˫ü鿪ʼԾˡ
ʹˣūʵĶˣﶬûгԺûгةฮ
֪ͨԺȥңةฮκν䶼Ҫϸһ飡ɫ£ֻ续ݸ侲š
ĵҹţֻȴȫûǸ˼ȥ͡
һֱ˺ҹûκεĽ
С㣬ô죿ﶬ᲻ʲô°Խżͷһϸܵϸ޵޷ʪˡ
ﶬʲôʱ򣡡ֲֻõԤԽԽء
ϸһ£֮ﶬ˵ȥЩˮ֮Ҳûлˡ
ūҲʹˣ˵ﶬһЩˮ֮뿪ˣмҲûʲô˷ʲôĽ˵
ֻ˱۾ϸţ֮ǰﶬճȥŴˡ
Էʱ䣬ﶬ·ûеĻǴߺӦûˡ
ѵ
ģȥԷֻ䡣
ԷУմӴϴ·ַ̫ѨһƣӡôϢˣҵѾ߲ˣкü˵ͤʱ򿴵ﶬʱ͵ص㶼ǡúʹǺϵģ´ʱпﶬֻ
ϸˣֱվַ˸ǰС㣬㲻ǻǷ˽ﶬ˰ɣֿһַ˵ɫЦŻشȷʵ˿ﶬʱﶬСˤˮҵ˷˵Ľţū˵
ﶬ䣬ﶬҲǱС軵ˣ޿߿ˣū澻ΪȥС״ȥأû뵽ֱӶôСôŷģ
С㣬ūȰˣ˵ڶԼأ
ôܣﶬŲأվֻĴ̻صǴ˵㣬֮ǰΪһģŪô飬صܵүȥүҪʲôڤ֮ΪﶬϵĲ˯ѽʵ̫Ѿˣ
һةฮĹطֿةฮˣ˵ҲҪְɣϵַ̫ѨЩͷ˵
ԴǾѾ̫Ϊĸ緶㽫ﶬֻ˿ȴڹУһڸյĸоС㣬ôô˵أҪʹﶬαҪһԾ޹ı飬ֻҷ˿һñһ㡣

112 аı

ﶬˣܹΪȥүȻҲﶬةฮһ飬ﶬϣͽɣﶬʲôҲʹĲˡֻ
һƬ䣬ƽ͡ʱϵַ仰һ˫ԲϵҲúȴάһׯӣҴСһֱҲǨ㡣
ǽ£ʵ̫ôˣΪһССѾߣʴѵЩΪģֲһСѾ𣿡
ֻĲַ̫˺ƤҲûбҪάǱϵĺгˡ
ǴӦģѵﻹҵȢ֮λôúչҵ𣿡ֻһ仰䣬ȴͬһѵӰ
㡭ַˣֻؿڶҪըˡ
ǲǣұ˵Ļˣֻ˫͸ӨһƬ⣬ǽη·𴢲޾һ㣬һԵѹҲҵΪ鷳ǣҲȷҵѿ顣ҲﲻﶬĻֻҵ
Ѳ鶫Էˣֻ̧ϸԲ򦣬ֱǰַˡϴεȷǴĲԣǴûнﶬôôﶬ㣿ַ˵ɫһα˱䣬סֲֵɵ߬ѹסͷŭĳ
˵ǰС㣬ﶬֻǲСĽˮҵ˷˵ĽŶѣūΪةฮ˵ﶬ䣬Ҳ΢һЩ˵֮ūűͷ˻˶ԷûΪﶬǸѾͷ
ֵҲʱһЩ
һһ͵ֻǰʾֻĿ޳ͱˡ㻹Ϊ˽ԿﶬĻʹСһһȥѰɣַ޽ɾָ׺ݺݵĿһ·֣ƽ͵˵ԼΪһةฮ
ĸȴһСѾͷڲ۸һ
С㣬ô죿ةฮĸסĶԷСѵĻ⸮϶в˵СŰ裬治ΪһССѾ߾Ȼ·ĸĶԷ
ҪǣҲûκε֤֤Ƿ˿ѺﶬȻô˵ôỹɴأҲϣﲻҪ³çΪǸֻһĨЦ⣬˲ϵʹʩʩȻĶַһ
ҲָΪеĹ
ĲֻӶԷ߳ȥַ֮˵ı˲ݣǴм֣Ѿͷ
С㣬ˣصԷﶬͬȹϵһ
оǷ˶ﶬµ֣ڲ֪ﶬʲôط
ϲ飬ҰҲ飬ȥݷ㣬ʱȥԷ鿴һ£ֻƿɫ˫侲˵
ĵҹֻ⣬ȴͻȻƿڵĴõĴ
֪֮ЩʲôӲģǴһ֮󣬱ֽŴһס
Ҫʲô
ӣֻһǳѩ׾ˡ
ģȥݷҰ׹ӣ֪Щʲôֻ۾Ȼ֪֮ʲôʱϵģվڸߴҪøһЩ
ܿ촺ıܻС㣬׹˵ڵʱ̧һӳԺӲǺܴ󣬵ȴأ
ʲôӣֻʵ
׹˵ɫ̫̫ûп壬Ӵô󡭡ĳֻȻһ¡
ǿӴִʮô󣬲ұ仹ҪЩ
ﶬߴԼһ弸ңܹװһ˵ģ
ֻĲȥݷȥңһ˿ǿӣ
ǣĿֻɫҲһë
ѵװﶬ𣿲ģӲôװȥأ
ֻ²ˣةฮŷˣ˵û̧һӳةฮ
ﶬ˼һ㣬ةฮҲةฮҲҲ
ﶬŵϣҲԽԽãֻϣﶬֻǱַ˶ѣ
аԴ̿͵ݽɽʵ飬νǣ֮ǰаҪӭȢֻ黹Ҫ䶯
ΪûнԴ̿͵ݹѺˣ˳ڹһʾ
ݾǣֻΪĽаԲŻĳ£а岻Ĳһѣòȥϲơ
аھ˵ҪӭȢĻ˿ܵˣаܾѺˣ˭鴫ȥģǵʱһЩǧǡ
һ仰ܽǣаȸŵģΪ˼аԱײҪҳЩԵ˵ĻҪʱڳ˶ץ£лֻ
ʾһʹǣ۵ĶгԹȺ¡
Ȼʵ֪ǳԹȺǱʾӦǡˣ
Ϊаͽʲôϵȫ˶֪
ԽǾԲƫаģƫ̻˲һ
ԹȺǱΪаĸʾ϶ֱӳ嵽һ
Ȼаȴʲô鶼ûзһ
һֱƾٿѡµ״Ԫ죬аڹۺ¥磬һЩԼлӣл˲ĸףҲڰʾʲôˣΨû
аصһˣܱĿ϶й⣡
⻹аŻϵģΪµ״Ԫ磬Ҳ˻δĻ֡ʵǺúþһۣ֮飡
֪ʱжжˣ
ҲЩΣ뵽ǽȽǸʾڹаġ
аⲻȥҲпԭģ
ԻϾͼװһЩȥΪҪû취ȥģ
ǵϣȥˣаҲûѵ˼ΪһúõĹȥ֮
ڶȴһӾ˵Ϣȵ˯ˣ˯ˡ
һϢһ˵˴۾Դֱˡ
Ÿԣ籬һѸٵڴСﴫ
е˵аĸǰȥпҪĻ£ϾǾ仰˹ˣȫǵ˶ˣȢ
ĸҲǸ˾Ȼ͵͵Ľ˹ȥ
Ȼڷаû뵽ȥȴǽһννǳʸ֮ģ֮ǰԱɵֶνةฮĴǧˣȴƵаδĲ˯ˡ

113 Լ

Ҳ˵паµһ֣ʱڳ˶ǸĿŮˣ˵Ϊ˰ŪԼȥײϹ
˵õһĻͼʸ֦̲滣
е˵ͲͰͨˣȻΪʲôܹһͷ˿ٵĴӴ߳ôŰչأȥԺҲϸϻʲôġ
ֻô飬е˼Ѱﶬϡÿ̶ʱ䣬ԺūͶὫˮͳȥҵ컹ǰķ๤ʱҲǡöԵϣﶬҪôǱˮУҪôǷ೵УһϮɫİ֮ˬ
վһ£һѣһ壬Ҳʮֱֵס
Ǿģۿж˺Ѫ˿Ƿߺ޵顣
ֻվԶһǰ֮һξ룬ԽԽȣΨŨ²һƬˬ֮ء
һ紵ֻȹڻչĺЩ˵֡ӦǽﶬװˮȻͳةฮģ֮һƫƧ˷ֵĵطﶬˡ̯֮һŻоȫòĵͼˮ·ߣ;̣
ţһ¥ؤΪеȻǡںСˣ
ﶬǲĳˣĲҲѾʵ˵Ѿˡ
һпǽﶬӣֻߡ˲۸֮˵⻰ʱ΢΢ͣһ£Զֻ
ʲôС۸Щס
ǽö˶˵Ūֽţŵֻ֣תƱȵĿɢ
û뵽СҲ֪֮Щֻ侲˵˵һ˽Ǳ¥ǲ۸϶ͳǣԽԶԽãҾñµĺϱпܣ۸һ㶼ϣֻߵ¿Ű֮ʯ
ϵĵͼ
۸ִģС˵˵ؤڹŴʵڵģȴС˵дô壬ʮֵ¡
˵һʮŮԶϽֵҪá
Ȼˣ⻹ҪǸʹ˵˼ҾòỨôﶬֻ飬ŭǸ˵ĻǸҲĲҪʹֶΡ˵ﶬһʲôǸﶬ˵ȥֻ
ýﶬɱˣ֮Բةฮһ±֣ڶﶬʱϿ϶ݵ֤ݣֻͼõԼǰһ˫°˫Ĺâ
С㣬ô˵ﶬأ˵ﶬֻǱ͵͵˶ѣüͷܵ˵
ûпﶬʬǰﶬѾˣ
ֻֻ̧ﶬʧٵʱԽãҲһӣҲԽ侲
֮ǰһʯֻ֮岨⶯˶
Ǵеֻӽģǰֻ
š侲ӹ͸¶һŮûе;ͺһվܽסһ㡣
һ׽͸ظСҲףΪʲôһѾߵôģѾҲֻߴ˺󲻵¶ѣ˵Ѿ߸ֻ߶ˣ˺ĸ飬ֻô
Ѿֻֻ¶ѣ˵һж飿ǲУѾֻһź˵Ĺߣû˾ûˣ»һͺãҲиġҲܣֻҪ׽˲ˣһҲ
ôΪǵӣҪǸ𣡡ֻ˵ƿ˫ҪǣҲǸң⣡
ةฮܹЩˣַ֮⻹˭
͸ӲܷˣһҪҵﶬǱһ㣡СĺǧСܲһػܴ󣬿ɺܶ飬ǵػȴСֻ֦ͷøƯεĿסе֮Ȩ֮
һıȴóֻ֮⡣ⲻػ۽⡣һΧ˶չŬĽԼøãֻҪϸ˶ѡⱾһΪ磬Ҳû⣡
ֱ׵˵š
³ǰ˼룬ƲЩܹܵģŮ˲˶Ҫ˭أ
أ֮ԽԽǾǰŮĺڲͬӵһƤңҪӵһȤ꣺ʲô뷨
ҵ뷨Լֻ˵š
Ҳ̫仰˼֮仰ʮֵ⣬˵仰֮۽ǵⲻɵĿ˲Զһɽ
ҵܹԼûκ˿Բ͸ģֻʮ˵仰ʮֵĵȻͱ£˵ޣǾǲޣ
֮仰ͫ͵һ
һ仰ƽȴʮֵ
һŮܹ˵
С뷨ȻͬһˣһŮҲû͵˵Ļֻ֮ⲻɵı˱䡣
ȸˡ»ȥС֣ûн˶ڵĻӦû֮΢΢֡
׹ӣлл⼸ҷﶬ䣬ǡֻҪ˵ʲô
ƾղŴС仰ҲһСȥѵһˣ֮˵仰֮뿪ˣͦɣٴǿιҲ
֮Ӽɽ߹Զ֮󣬲۽ǵ⿴һۼɽ̨̤߳˺«š
үǹȥɣӼɽ̽һͷ漴Ӳ˲ͷϵĺˮϹ˵
Ϲվԭأӱɽڵ߲ӮӡʵϺõɫϣһ˫򡣡С㣬ҪȥүæɣĵʱƬ̫ˣǵָǿүɱȥ֣ҵﶬĻʾʹˣū˵үҪȥ
ɽׯʱһةฮСģֻϵĵͼԭ·𣬵ʹүòûüɱȥһѾߣͲү¶̫࣬Ժ󶪸èĻ
ҪɱȥңȻȥؿһ֮󣬲Ȣô죿
⵱ȻֻһЦ
ҪΪ·ǰϹ˵ĸԸǷŵڣһ鷳ŵջԼղŵĻǻԼҰɣ鷳үˣа׹ڰǡ

114 ֻǽµ

Ҳ̫ϲ鷳ˣܹǮƽ飬Ҿ飡ֻɢĳ˿а㣬紵棬һ٣ȥдͨ棬ܹṩ
һʮܹҵﶬһûͼӼۡҾͲţûһ˿ˮ٣Ҳţϻв̰Ǯˣ
ֻתԺ̧ͷͦص̬͸¶һĨ޵ζ
һ¸ɾŮɱһ㡣
Ȼֻմ̤һʹסԼƨɣСһʹ
С㡭ڴ׼ǰȥʱ۽ǵȴƲһɫߵаĴӼɽ߳үˡ
ֻ׼ȥ˵СPPһ仰ջ֣ŤͷϹۻߵԼĸǰ
ͷ̫ʮֵŨңϹȴԴһ㣬ӭֱֻϮ
˺ܶࡣ
ֻ׼ϹȴǱϹһָסˣôȵ죬ΪʲôúϢ
ֻһ£ڴϺܲүʲôʱģ
һˣϹֱ׵˵ţһ嵭
ô˵Ͱ֮˵ĻӦöˡ
үô̫ɹţֻɽķһۣĴķԸģȥЩ÷֭үǵüӵ飡
Ϲ⾲ֻˮϣɫƽȻ񲢲Լʲôԡ
ôˣүֻϹ˵ٴγʵѵүҺͰ׹˵үˣ
룬ɡϹỽһ롣
ͽеһƵɡֻͷϣЦ˵С㣬ɡһλϽɽЧվ棬ĸо
ֻ̧ͷһɡĹ죬ȻͲۣǲȴǺӯܹȫڵס⣬Ҳ֪ãɡ鹦Чľһ˿⡣
ллүĸҪִӲϽӹɡֻȴֱӽ˹ȥߵϹԣ߾ɡͬһɡ
ҪϹֻľɡΪ־ٵúܸߣӴֱϻ¶һ֬
үҪģֻĿϹ˵
ɹҪ˼죬Ϲϵļ϶ᱻɹ÷ɫ¶۾ͱɹúںڵģǲµļȴǰ׵ġ
һԱȣͳ˹Ĵè㣡
ԼӦŶԣվӣ
Ϲֽӹֻɡ㳯ͤȥ
˶һĬϹߵúƺڹ˼ֻ
ǲʹ˾͵ùˣ۵Ͷɹһͱɹụ̵̀ģˮһһεĴӶͷү׹ӾκôĵˣȻǴ򣬵ҽȴ͸߳һ۾Ϳҵļ⣬ǰ׹ӱÿةฮҵʩƣ׹ӶҲоټϰ׹ӵ
Ը񵭱ںҵͣҵհ׹ΪѧɵĽةฮԺֻϸϹĶţҲֻ׹ӼѣﶬǰЩʧˣʱ׹ӿ̧һӴԺгұԼ˰׹棬
ҪʵøЩҵܵԺѧǼгŮЩҲò棬Ҹհ׹ΪѧҲ븮ܹи游׳͵ˣֻ˵ᣬ͸¶һ
˳ӡ
͸ղǸ˵ҪԼŮȻ֮
ͺڱǰԼչʾԼĸԣǵǰͳһûޡ
ָͲ
һ˼붼ûУ
ʱةѾ˵ˣϹ续ֻ
£ͬһɡӱȥһˣΨ
ֻͷ͸ӨӯӯˮʣϹǳǳЦţүΪʲôˣ
ĵıȢ㣬Ϊϴε鲻ұϹƿ˫˵
үҷΪһСѾ߻Ҫܹ㣡ֻʵ˵ţҲ£ȥүүңϾүҪʱҪ飡
ԭġϹѿǣһĨĻȣǰ˵Ļ㶼𣿡ûǡĲΪȥ鷳үүѵЩʿģѰһ޹ؽҪСѾߵģٶү˵ģֻϹ
˵ĻģôģͲҪˡ
Щʿȥɽһֻ˵ӣΪʲôͲȥѰһʧٵѾߣϹֻӣʵ
ֻϹ⶯˶ѸٵһĨ˷ܣүҪﶬ𣿡
ǣϹһܿ϶Ļش
ϹĻ˵ֻ꣬ʮֿĵıסϹЩѹŵһʯͷˡ
ͬڹĴУڿ˾ͷһ㡣
ʹĿ̶ͷȥү̫ˣЩΪﶬ飬û˼ȥ飬ͲС飬ҶûʱȥԣֻϹͦɵ壬ԴϹ
ĻУϸִһĨʡ
֪ʱϹףֻϵƽʵһĵ׵ѹ֡
һֱǳƵģԻһ侲ļ󡣡Ϲֻĺ󱳣һֱΪԱ͸һֻãڻֻҪ͸ģ˵Ҫ⣬ı⣬͸
Ͼֻûͦɰģ˵ĻЩϧ
ЩҲʱЩѾ˵ġ
Ϊֻһֻõ飬ȴû뵽ةฮЩūǣΪ¶뵽ܻ˻ӭȢ£
ֻ仰ȴǲɵЦһ£̧ͷϹôأүǽڤ֮͸𣿡
Ϲ۾ڵͫһƬ
Ǳˣ㲻ĲҲǲ£үУȻвٵķԷ֪үֻǽµԼÿԱû顣ڲ£տʼͦģǺүǶ𣿶
үĽر⣡
ǲ澹ȻôҪĽˮõϣһʸĻŮ
ʱҪڳĻƻֱӰ·ˣϹǻһĨζЦ⣬ֻɫҲ˼棺ҲǶԱһ֪

115 ʬҵ

үʲôʱȥﶬֻ΢һڴš
ϹڶԴµϣʵú׺͸
Դµĸ鶼ģǷĵ׵ģڷĵһʱ䣬ֳĽǶȥ¿⡣
ԴٶĵõģЩٵĳɷ֣߹ģ
ЩﶬùĶȮȥѣﶬĻǽӦܱҵϹɤڣûһ˿
ﶬѾˣһ϶ˡ
ɫԱ˱䣬嶼Щվȡ
ֻ۵׵ЦҲʱɫһƬأҲﶬǲܻŵˣǴӱ˵Ŀ˵ȴЩܣ
һǽ֮±еĳվ£͸οյδϹֻɡ߳Ұ
ãүһֱֻǽã
ãҲҪү͸ģ
ѵһжֻڶүСʱһԴ㲻ҪġںĶ͸
Խ룬ľԽܣ
ϣȴûһƬ
ϹڴУĶһ÷֭һЩĵġӡ
ɫ£ޣһۿȥнǳȥĳ嶯
Ϲ˳ס豭һɱָ֮䴫
СһڣΪƽȵζ࣬ǱĸоζϹɵĶһڡ
÷˳źʽθֱ˪ĸоѸٵ֫ٺɢ
ϵһɶ
Ϲ̧ڵ⵭ĵֻϣһߣ续һƬص顣
ֽϥϣ˳ָʱʱһ£ȥЩͽš
˫ܵ⿴ȥַƽĻһĨѸٵһ
ﶬΪʲôᱻϹŷǰĵģЩĵʽûӴȴʮֵ£һִʵĸо˿ž;ʮ
ֻٵϹӦ֪һЩ֪飬һǹҵģ
Ϲȥ룬Ҳֻ֪˵˭
ֻܹĥɵӲة˻һ֪пɻöַˣ
´ˤĺܵġַ˵Ůַ˽ֻôңκ˶һ˵Ů׽ɡ
ãֻҲ֪ϹҪ˵ʲôӺܵĸײһҲûʲôԲҵ£
Ϲֻ֪ĵҲģҲĲþӸ߰˵ة˳ЩߣԼ¡
ҵﶬҪô죿Ϲƿʵ
ֻ˺ܾãүӦô죿
֤ݣﶬֻһѾߡϹĻѾˡ
ֻһѾ߶ѣַ˵ǰһֵǮ
ֻҪ׷ȥַܵةļ𣬶ַߵҪôҪôϳةฮѡ
֪ӵУһǩѾǲֵǮģ˾Ӹﶬļ˾ͺˣļ˵ϲص˵ллأֻЩ̵˵šϹһκһ÷֭ˬĸоٴδﶬʬСĻôȵ죬ҲԱþͽﶬɣû֤ݣ
ַһë
һ仰Ϲ˵ûһͺ˵һϡƽһ㡣
үҾˣֻתͷϹ
Ѿ˵ˣﶬпһЩ飬Żᱻģ
ϹȴƮƮһ仰û⣬ȰҪ׷ȥˡ
ҪǻǰϹһǳĵɣ˵ն˵һѰ֤ݣַ˵õӦеĳͷ
ϹƺѾ飬ȻƲһ˿һпܾһ顣
ԼҪִģ˲ַɱģ׷ȥһѣֺĻʹǻң⣡ϹĴһ£ƺǾֻ̫ˣǻ̫ˣһ
֪Ķթ
ֻĬһ£˵ᣬҲңģļᶨ
Ϲٴοһֻڵɫдĳ⣬𴽽һĨаȵĻȣðܺ棬Ҫôҵ֤ݣ֤ﶬַɱģ
¾ַģǻɾǻɣû֤ݣֻҪַ˵ϣֻΣ
ȥҽæ˱Уǲ鰸ʵѡϹ˵ţġ
˫˫ͫһߵ̶һ㣬˲֪ʵ뷨ʲô
һԿţɵЩսľôүСִﶬʧһ£ЩֻǿҪﶬ𣬲û˼Ϲƽ˵ţڲ鰸һ£Ĳܹҵһ˿˿Ļһ㣡

ô˵Ҫȥ˽Ϲ֪Ҫ˦ʲôɫأ
ôһܼ򵥵İѾˣ͸Ҫ鷳ˡ
үҵˣʬѾˣĿЩ壬֪ǲﶬֻ׼˵ʱ򣬲һ·Сܵ˽һĨŶͷϵĺˮһ˵
ʬ崩ŵǵɫ·ϴһ
Ļû˵꣬ı㽫еӶ˵ϣﶬûд
ĵۿѸٵķ˺졣
ϪµɫҲûкõȥȴƽûдô
үԴȥֻԵϹĿڵ
ҪȥϹüĿһ
ǣôȵڽﶬ˻ةฮҲʣҪȥһ£ǲﶬֻ˳Ľ΢΢һ£ȴǷļᶨ
С㣬ȥʬ嶼ˣζܵ˵ģҡҡֹ
ûϵֲֻûʬ壬ѧУʱΪʵ飬Ǿһʦ
ãȥϹӦʮˬ죺͸ة˵ȥϷ԰ӿϷ
һ˫媾۾ϹҪ˵ʲôͣȴʲôû˵
үǲҪС̹ҲܴŴСȥֳʬ尡
ʱСָ³ʲôأܹѵʿܲζοһεεĴСء
ллүһȥõߣֻ˵ƿȹǣ˳ȥҲųȥˡүʬĲˣôС㿴ðɣߵϹǰЩǵ˵

116 ֻʲôط

ϹȴǵͷĵĸŪָղŵĻ㲻ǶҪԼޣܲޣ
ǡүǡִ֧СԼʵ˵仰ʱҲ΢Щ𾪣ϸ֮󣬾пǴСһõԸ
һŮôܹԼأ
ջҪ;󲿷ֵŮһӶֻҪףܹԼһôѵ飬ҪʲôĴۣʡȥϹĿڣǺܴĽһ̫ˣ
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СеŨеһ߽ȥ͸оһˬ֮лһɻ֮ȥĶ
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ԸʿʬϵĲƿվɽϿһ۾ˡ
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үղҲǿûߣղϹͻȻĿҪȷûߵġ
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߱ΪʲôôֵľٶϹ⣬һĺ㳯ֻֻûмģǸմսɱһֲүҵΪ𣿡ֻʵ

117 ˵Ǽ

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ΪǱĥɵӵ𣿡ֻεĴһһϣһּµһһ˵
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·һ˲ǸԭӵŮһڡŮ
Ϲ仰סֻɿ
үͲĿеǸֻˣֻϱϹץһɫӡǣǲһξԶᷢԼǱж󣬻ʲôôߵѾߣΪжĵжãֻΪֹԮľоҶǺãΪǸֻҪԺʱҲܹð
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ϹĺʹټϷΧеĻֻҲݵϸ壬档
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ڽϸ֦ĩڣȻҲͲ·仯
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Ǿ޴ÿ˶ܹܵ˵ġ
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Ҫ˽㣬áŪʲôᣡ
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ˣ֣ھȥʣյ˵ϹһĳϹһ߱˵š
ߵϹǰʱÿķɵ䵽ֻϡϹ΢΢ǰһֻЦܣ˵ļ飿ڹϳűȥѾƵʱ˵˱ľƱ飬࣬˽ݱ˵ҪӭȢܼС飿

118 е

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Żÿǰ߹ֻܣһһε衢үȥͽú°ɣϾүǴӦҵģ֮ⲻӭȢˣֻϹ΢΢ЦţдżĿǣգ۾ģ˵Ŀ

ڽϣֻǻϹģ
ϾϹҪɱˣȴ޿κεı飬㹻һˡ»ʲôģͲС飬ȫǵ˶֪ˡǲСӭȢȥģǲСֻɱˣϹƺֻϣǹյЦݣĺÿ˵꣬ζĿһϹº޹ϵܣ㻹øٲٵģϽѡӽСӭȢؽô檣ڶһҲ޷

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ˡϹϵЦʱҹһƬעӷ·һϦͻᱻסһ㣬ھһΣѾûκιϵˣĹ
ܳƺģǱŮˣֻܱܽУһֻб룬࿴һۣҪͬ⣡ٸҶԻκ˼뷨Ļൽȥһɩ֮󣬱ϣףƾٿϣû㣬Լģ
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үַ˼״׼Ϲ˵ֱӱϹһ˻ȥ
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û뵽СճȥȥϷģҵﶬʬ壡
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Ľֵմ·ӵֵĸǰֽһմŸζһСϷֵĸǰ
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֤ǰָ޴ӵ
Լ֪ﶬʲôʱ˺·ϵһϣҪ֪ĻҲȻὫǼ·ˡһС㣬ūϣūڵʱ˵ﶬ䣬ﶬһƣﶬūŤϿ϶ﶬʱ˺ģūûɱ
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µֻε۾ɵһԵַˡ
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϶Լ˽ɱﶬ޹һ㡣˵˵ɱģ˭ɱģֻƿǣƵ˵ֱ˵䣬ȴ쳣

119 ˾ȥʲô

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Сȥƹˣƹһأ沼ݻµĺܣģŮĻᣬ߸Щµģ
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120 ʮı

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һҽеԷдֱӽĳڸס
С㣬ū˵ū˵ֵֻĶƤҪ׼ĶƤ¶һɫ֬ʱ
ֱʹİȫˮʪˣδεĺˮͬˮֵϵǷŰףǽթԲ˫ͫУʱ˿־塣
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үѾʮûͬˣᣬΪүԱƴѰҿԻָû֮ǰĽ£ҵƹݡɵڵأڴڵĴϢ
Ķ׼õҩιֵĿУ˵ƹݵһʱƣ˱˱仯үȴǲԸͬȻ˱ڵƹݣֱһ˷֣ƵҩþȻǸеģͼį
յֲסǸҩõĻ͡ǺȥƹݾΪȥҩãֶ϶˵꣬˹ȥ
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ʮַ꣬˾ȻƹݵҩñʮּõĹϵ
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нƹݵŮˣĬĹϵ˭˵ȥ˵ȥһ֡
ԸĻǱȵģ˹һݣǸ˿壬飬ĵ֮⣬ٶί㶼˵ȥ֡
һƹݵŮˣЩɫ˥ݷǸ̫̫ǣ
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ֻŨīĴ⣬һ̵ְ¸߹ڿգҹѾˣĸӦѾ˯ˣýΪһɣ
죬ֽһУ
̡ݷôãڽܵĿԼﶬĳڿԳıˣ
ֻҪһҪةฮԶʧˣ
һը͵ܲը죬һϵܵôֲ˵һƬۡ
֦Ĵҵöᣬϼٵ꣬紵áĴԷÿ˴ǿϢС
ַ˷˿ҵĹڵϣһű顢Ƶϣ˿ֻʣ¹ӲдϢ۶д˾
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ݷٺɫ˫κеİҵһСҩҩѾȥ˴롣
лһ滭ƹ๫Ļӣ
ƹݶصĵͷʽÿֻҪƹ๫ᱻڻÿ˿ѡ񡣡ŮԺԲͬһ㶼ͼʣϲľĹŮͬһڹǽеĴͳżԼүñҲֻܴһ뷨ѡ๫
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ַȥƹٰ˾ʱ䣬๫϶ֻһǲƵˣ
ַ˻ðôķղƹ๫ĻӣҲɫѣ
ةһݵȻñΣеĶݺݵҵַ˵ϣŭĿԲţ·Ҫ汩ͻһ㣬ϵüëΪ޴ķŭһ
ֻة֮ܲǰصصƾĶ
ǿةȻŭȴûдﵽ׶ġʹĵزȻة֮ǰַ˵ģҶַ˵ĸ˵Ǻܵˣ˵òõһǣַ˱ةȢΪչֻȻΪĹ
ģ
ַǱĹڵϣͷϱҳһɫӡǣ˵鶼ǻɢûġ
·֪Լ䵽زҲٱʲôϣˡүԴ֮ī֮Ҳҷˣ֪Щ궼ôһֱΪΪҵӲǰˣԾƴҸƫԸֵҩĵĶҶԹǡʹ꣬ķӣүأȴȻԸһ£֪жѹ𣿡ַһ̲һڵϣ˵鶼ήҵģة
ȴǼͷŭҵȥƹҲΪܹү࿴һۣأÿҹ߶ģûһ¶ȣεԼҾʲôүôϲֱһˣүУδҵ޿үҷλãҪҹúԺչ˺׵ĻԼּһԼ̳˶ѣһʼҾǸߣַ
˻ţֱֱĿǰةࡣˣֻ㵽ڻ˵ӭȢʱеһϷ˵׿ڸ߹㣬ֻҪܹϷչ˺ûּҵҵҵĴةฮԺˣةฮΨһĸڸ飬տʼļ꣬ϷûϷô겻ԸĶԷԼû𣿡ةһӣľͷײҪ
ҪֱˣݺݵĲһ¡ƶʡ˽ةฮʱһĸѾߣЩѾͲ֪ʲôطΪϷ֪Щ𣿡ةֺ˵ţ㵣㷿ɫѾ߻ṴϷֻҪ㷿еѾϷ˵һ仰ڶǸѾ߾ͻڶԷʧһĺŮˣϷͬ𣿡

121 Ⱦ

վһԵֻ仰׵΢΢Щ𾪣ӡеǵȷǵöԷѾߣǻһʱĪһ
ַ˶ĿھһֱѾߵļ˻Ǯˣ
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ַ⣬Ъ˹¶һֱеĻңű㳯վһԵֻȥ
ѾָǰɣѾеˣԡϳֵֽŰɣַŤͷǰֻһ˫Բ׺ݡ
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꼲ۣڴϣƵ졣
ةݺݵһֳĳ£Ȼǲ֪ģ
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Ӧúϲ׳ˣɽ˳Ҫػܾ׳ڽܵĿѣֻܵһһһУ
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ة˰ôܱЩ͵ȵ̣
ةҲףУϾǵȢҷˣɹϵϣҼȻô˵Ȼȫ׼͵ԶԶģбҪĻԸͷ֤û˻ϳ⣬˵ǲضĸ볡ά
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ĳԼϵ̶ľ޴κһܹܵˡ
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վةǰᶨޱȴѪ˵š
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뿴֮üͷһ壬漴˻סµȥ±һ¹ϹǰϹһʪմŮȻ˵Լǰʱҹⲻɵһ漴ڵǱ·£ôˣة
ôͻȻҪةɽȥǽע⣬ڽһֱã֪ڽòãûиةˣҽץİѱΪ˱ҵӣҪͷ˵ʱѾҲ֪Ǻˮˮһģҵ϶ҽģĲ֪Ҫ˭ˣүȾ
ݹܷĴҲֵܽطȥǱɱﻹҪ̣
ת۾Ϲȥ˵Ļ΢΢Щ𾪡
˵һŵةฮɽȥϱȷõַϹеĻҪ̣
Ϲɫ߷ű֮ǵļ£岻ֻ֣ܹһķ˵Ҫڽܵʹַǧٱĳ

122 ²

үҵҽģҽүģֻҪүý㲻ҪҽһүĻүȥҽɣ±ʪ˫ֽץϹ䣬
ǰͿ
ͲɡϣһٶֳƵ죬һը죬ϹϵɫһҹԵøĺˡү֪ˣСʱޱȵ۰㣬ԽӦҺͽͬʱգﶼȥ㣡µĺкŨصĿǻи֮ҵڽòãֻΪС󣬵עȫڽϣֻҪһᵽةฮС㣬ֻ뵽㣬ҺȻҽĶ㡣￴
Щʧ⣬ԲŻôͿ飬ʵҲҪܹ۰һ۰Ƕѣ
¹Уߵ˵ţСϹǰţǰľСĿеĳ谮ү۰Ҫʲôʲôǵһͷ˿˵꺮ůֻҪһűвٵΧҽߣһŽ㡣ǸʱڽǰվĵطûУǸʱСûиоʲôҽҲܻѲϲҪĶ͸ңҪǣүÿҽʱ򣬶棬
ҰԵĵĸңµɳƣᣬһ˫Ө˾ӨˮһһεĴ۽ǻҳˣү˵Ůб𣬲Сʱһˣ֮Ͳ
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ý㽫Һһɣ˵ʱѾǱ룬һǽʱпܱ紵룬ȥةฮϹһ촽ֱ۵ָ㶯˶ϵµϣȴ͸¶żΣ·̲ĳһ
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123 

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124 ûѱһض

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ةฮλǧΪةฮ˵Ĳ飬˺ü죡
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ϹΪҪǰȥ˹ֻ꣬˹꣬ʹ͸ϹıɽׯʱѾȫ
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С㣬үڸߴ˸ϣūȴȥԷţӰҡڲɾ媵ϣһϺõʯ׺ɫһ㣬ĺÿ
áֻӦһ죬ҲƸᳩӨϸ°ͣЩĴⷱï԰֡
Ŀһۣеĵǰֻ·
С㣬ūڹϸţ֪㿴ûУһѴ纬ЦĺɤҹɫеĲһ𣬾Ƿĺ
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үϲƭˣֱԵĵĴ΢΢Сô֪
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ɱ˻ᣬǴСĻūžͲ֪ˣᴹüۣƶĵ
ǲˣֻ΢΢һЦƵ˵š
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ĳڵϵֻ֣ܿƵĶţƺֻҪһſڣΪ¶ܹһ㡣
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޳Ľ⿪ϵηѵϱᱡ¶Բ󡢰硭
״תȥ
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ˣϹֻзһĨ񣺡ҪԼ
ֻеĶûΪϹĻͣ˫ԾϹֱš
еɫǶֻǡֵϻʱֱֻùһԵķƣԼǰϹɫҲһƵĹâү㿴ǽϿµ֡ڽ֮ϵѪдһȵһҵѾ˳ȥֻȴǷŸȥˣȻûκεİֵ̺ۣӡȴ
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ϹĿֻƵǰϣ
ȥˣֵӡѾܵˣϡԱǡˡʱֻסֽţϿʱжôľ˺飬ǿϲˣ

125 

үûҵ¡ڽܵĥ裬ֻƮƮĸֶѣȲµһᡣȥ㣬ʹӦ£ȥֻϵķ
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ҲүôϾҵıӦֻᣬ˵Ϲ΢΢˸үȻȥˣҲȥϢ
ֻϹ߹ʱϹһסֻ󣺡㡭ʱΪʲô˵
ֻǲүҶѣֻ˵⻰ʱмһίԼļǿ
ỬϸĴϹгϹ˫ͫ΢΢һĨݣ۵׵ĺͱһȥתʣµһƬŨûϹķʽ㣡ϹͳɤڵĻָһ¶ȣϾమֻǱ»֮ҹһѣô
ҲӦǨŭϣָֻⱻϹסһ˫ͫ𣬱ɫ˫Ϊڵʱ÷зһ߹Ľǽܲˣܴܵ裬
ʱܹסԼһ˾ƣὫеԹҵϣǴ䣬ŸָʽһҪǸҵϣ
ǳˮһ㣬ϸȥ΢΢Ĳ
ǰЩ飬ֻĲȥһһȥ䣬ǲԸ˵ڽһĥҵʱҾѾ͵͵˽ŸͳȥˣǷ뵽ҵϵĻҲᱻ֣ҲǲôҲǲᱻ
͵ĴϣΪһ׵ĹߣֻԽ˵Խúǿʲôһ㣬ܡ֮ǰΪЩţҪôѾûͳȥҪôǱˣҴûǸĴｫſģҵıʼҵֻ꣡
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ΪԽݸλȨԽǲ׵ĳԼĴֻ֣ҲԱȵ컹Ҫѡ
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Ϲ߬סָֻһ㽫ֻ˻С
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ȥө𣿡ϹĴֻĶԣƶдԵ˵
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Ϊղүôүûжִңһػû˵Ϲղ˵صһ仰ž·ʱ˵һ䣺ҪԼ
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ΪϹͳдԵаȫУᳶ˳ǣΪᵽЩã
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㣿Ϲŵͣ嵭дһĨỺ
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Ҷ鼫ȷƵ£ֺٺƣԣĴҲָ
ֻüû˵ˮһĨ⡣
ĶˣϹʵз͸һĨ䡣
ϹһҲϰ֮ˣϰ֮ˣֵһһҪأ
ֻôСϹһȥʹʮ졢£
үܲܲ˵ЩˣЩ䶼ԭģĲڷ˵һ顣
û飬һģܸͬܣӶӰ쵽һ
߱ǷĺǷģҪһֻϹֻ߽һȵϢ籡ϣųɽڵĿ¡
ү㡭뱨ڲƭȥɳǵ𣿡ǽ⣬ϹһɳǣһںĶ
㱾ΪͻŹ𣿡Ϲͣһ£̶ֺĵֻһ
ֻⲻɵһˮϹ
ĸǵĻʺʺڳŲС
ϹֻһˣԼûκ˿
ԿĲǽһˣǳռݰɽүĸǻʺֻɵ˵ʵ˵ϣϹܹλãĸ̫࣡

126 ׼ҩ

һߴһ㽫ٲ֮ء
ΣϹޱ˵ţ߱ˣ
صǵһ죬ѾΪ˻ʺ˵ж˲ϵǰ֮⣬ûѡ
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үֻǲ£仰ǷֻģϹѾһͳˣھһΣ
֪Ϊʲôֻһ仰Ǳʲôһ£һĨĹâϹпٵ
ڵıϹٴγֻ߽һ֮ľֻ֮ȻɽˣĻżеࡣ
ֻ˵ͷϹʲôˣӾͦõġ
Ϲ޳ֻֻֽСɵ߬ģϸϸĦֱֻ۾Ĭá
ղ˫嵭ʵԸ˵һʵ𣿡
ֻӭϹ纣ĺƲĶȴһ׵ĺڶһ㣬һףһε˵ͷ
ҪʵϹ˵仰ʱ򣬴Ĵָһ°ֻµʱеĹ汾ѹ𣿡
ֻϹסΪʲô֪ûѣУүµϢһ춼ԲǽңˣҾͿԺһˣֻŵʱԭ뷨Ȼ˵ԭϲϹô˵Ҳʶ
꣬Ҳеġ
ȥϹΪȥɳǣʱģҲǺ¡
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ڿҪֵ߳ʱֻһ˫§סϹĲӣ૵ĻϵΣүĶԲ𣡡
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뿴Ϲֻʱ򣬱׼ǰȥӭӣǿϹͻȻͣ˽Ųԭء
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Ҫʱˣүص
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һૣεĻһԺУүĶԲ
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š֨ѽһƿȻᣬڳŵĺҹȴǸࡣ
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˵СүѾˣǡϵүС㷿Ҳʵ̫˰ɣ
үԷЪϢдһĨ
ǡүʹС㻹ûгףЩ˵š
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һ£Ѹٵףҩʲôˡ뿴ĵ飬һЦҡҡͷҲܲҪ

127 Բû

үôˣֻѾӴ͸ɫɴ᣿߽Ӱ
ϸȻ˲û˯š
»պôӴ򿪵СͶڵһ˪
Ϲǲ˪߹ʱһͷīȾĳɢ°ɫĳϣͬī߳һ㣬¡
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ָ׼ÿֻѾϹһ˿
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ӡֻ̽ͷܵˮ͸Ϲ˵š
Ϲ۾ҹӰ涣ֻֻһµǰ˫͸ȴǷҹ˸һǡ
ӷ£Ϲһǻɽˮĵϣ˫ֽڴߣ֪Щʲô
үɣֻԾÿӣϸżּ֡
ҪȥϹԴֱֻһĨζ
ֻ´ȵֲɵĽ˽ķ˫ֱϥڴһǣүҪô㣿Ļ꿪Ҫȥ壬ҲпԪǰ󡭡ϹĻͣһ£ŨīĿ⾲ĿֻķӦһ壬߾ⱶ꣬
䣬䣬׳ټ壬Ҫǣһ׵飡
ֻţ־»ܣϹǲӦø˵ģȻ˵ˣ˵ºйء
¾״һ壬ؾϹּ˵ͳдԵ֮ҹСʱ㲥дһ㣬
ԣȥϹḧֵʳָȴ˾
үҪȥսֻתͷɫµϹ¹ɫ϶һɫĹâԽԵЩȺء
ֻ˵פصĽԴ޶ȥȴû˵ҲЯҴڵģǺҾĵġ
ϹӦĿĲŶԣ
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ϹĻû˵ֻ꣬ϹҪ˵ʲôˡ
Ҫһ塣
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Ϊ͸ɺϹѿֻ˼
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ҡֻΪүϿ̵֮󡭡ҡֻͷϥУоЩǻ֮ί
֮ǰֻϹһֱΪǸֹͦۡǿˣڿʮִġ
һԿֻֻ˵Сèһ㣬ڽϵ˿ڣһƲסĳ嶯Ҫ뻳Уš
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֮ǰʲôϣ㲻Ҫн뷨Ϲ˵꣬ص̾һʲôʱ˽Ȿױأһ㡢˼ǲ࿴һۣһµģʱֱת뿪ģҲǲҹ㣡ϹվȪһ˿¶ȣ
飬Ǿ͵û𣿡
Ϲ޳Ĵ˼ֺת˫ֱϥֻͦΡŵͣ˼룬ִ粽ĳֻ
һ㽫ֻ˳ڻУѹֻĶ˵ڿԱôˡÿñĴ֪ζʲô𣿡
ζűԶұö㸺𣡡ϹȵϢ籡ֻĶϣôˣ㣡
ֻԴϹļϣүΪʲôҪôңΪʲô
ⲻִⷽȽϿݡ
ŴֻҪûг޵ŮˣԼδҹԼ˽ᣬڹ˿ǾԷӰŮ׵ġϹĬһ㿪ڵɳǴ꣬Ǳ߲˻ŮˣԸ񶼺ܺˬЩȽڡϣͶϵ˳ȥĻǺ飬
ٵ˵Ӱ죬ȻǱδޣˣΪʲô㣿
ֻƶǶĵ˵ͷɳΨһĺô翪ţŮദȽɣ̫Ĺѹȡ
ĻҪǲôĻҪȥ
ϢɣҪں˼ˣϹĴһֻĺ󱳣ôһ㲼ϣ׵ĸоϸ֬Ļۼ
үסĵطԷԶ𣿡ֻϹĻ̧ͷ֮ĴϹĻ뿪
ֻһʣûʲô˼
Ϲȴǿζ˵һ䣺еԶүǲֲˣֻŴŴʮֵĿɰЩίִЩ

128 żС

Ϲתֱ߳˷䡣
ɽׯҪȾҪһЩŨȴмȡ
ֻϣһҡȣһͶʳιͷҶһ֮⡣
ΣѩľɫòƬʫ£ͬ߳һ㣬˾̾ѡ
Ϲ˵ÿղȥ糯ˣÿ黹Ǻܶ࣬൱ڻһ칫صѣһû١
ΪǸ꣬ÿյԼ٣ÿ춼˵Űݷãֻ֮Ѿü춼ûмϹˡ
ҲֵУֻҲ̫ˣĥţЩʲôС㣬С㡭˳۵ȣһ·Сܹͷϸܵĺˮ˵ǸʲôŴ˴ԼСŮҪүʲô裬Ҳ֪ô£ϵ
ǰѽүȥˣŴŵðϽģλСȴִԼϳһѽļ
λѡЩĲðֻȤš
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˱ǵζǰĶŴСĽߺڶԽǰ˳ҲԽ࣬ŸֳʳΡС̯ռ˴󲿷ֵĵ·˵һЩͷաˣİڷ·м䣬ϲֵפͣۿñӵĵ·
Խӵ
ֻϹ࣬Ϲһ˫޳ĴȣӵȺУҲֻжš
ֻͻȻԵϹӨļ΢һĨ糺죬֮Ťͷһ
ֵʲô¶ûзǰһˣģûһֻٴκߴŭĿϹߵ͵͵˵ӣ
ˣϹ⣬ڵɫֻȾ֬ܽϣһƬκεʣһ˿ɻ
⵹ֻЩˣһ󣬲δʲô
ӣܲܲҪڡᱡңţԣ˶࣬ҲûܿϹ˳ռ±ˣ֮ˣ⵽ǹϣҲ̫Źˡ
Ϲڵɫ˲һĨĹ˲бӥĺѸٵһʮҡŻĺϡ
ĶˣϹͳˡ
ֻҲЩŵĿһĺӣѵղһֱƨɵ˾ʮС
ַʮֵ죬ġǳںĻ߶ʲôġֻ˵ǿһ۵ĺӱ㿪˵ˣСһϳɣ˵ƨ̵ͦŮˣ벻һСѾ߾Ȼ续ò
ŲĺӣĿ˵Ϲĵ㿪۰ɣүҪˣ
˵Żδ۵ָֻ
ִֻֻ֪ܺӣû뵽ŴӵܻҪۣ
ʮ꾹Ȼ˵Ļ
󵨣˭ĵӸҶǹ˵һŭ߹Ŀ¶׹⣬аͯŵļȴҲǳصģþ׳䣬ָɤ׺ݵĵôǼү˭֪ǼүҹӵѾүĸڹ
֪жҼүһأ
ֻģϹӱдһ㣺ֶֻˣ
аͯȻڹ޷ˣϹôŨɱȻôȴϳɵȴżƣүֶֻˣôţ
ֶֻϹ߱ɱ̵ֲ˵š
ǣ̰γе彣аĶħȥ
ֻһסϹүúýѵһپˣûбҪ֣ϾǸӣ
ẢӣϹ¹ºᣬ䵭ĮӱĴ³һаƤ£һ˽̡ģ
ֻͫϹڵһƬɱģǶԺͯ˼һ㡣
үɱһʮĺͯϹҪֻʱû¶һĨ⣬ݵĴɱϹ
⼸ֲľ׳࣬ҶǾѵģһȻǵĶ֣ʤĽСûˡ
ʱһֻĳȺ׼һֵĺѪĽ
һ룬Ϲ㽫ֻ˻УʲôˣֻΧ˺µļţֶˤʯ·һƬУȻ뼡Ѫܵġ͡
һµǧȰͻȻһѱļ⵶µһεʺѪ
ղžĵطǶסԼĲӣ󾪿ֵһأɫѪ˳ǵĲһ㽫ɫʯȾ˺ɫ
Ѿаĺͯ˵ϡǼǺһӣĶϹ֪֪үʲôˣүǹӣҸ׾һӣǸҶһëҸ׶
ɱɱȫң
ϹаŴǣŨҵɱ⣺ǧ£Сӵ˫ȥ˵Ǳ͸ļ񣡡
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Са񣬵ԴȴǼĴ
֮󣬱Ѹٵһ޺үղŲ£ûѾһ£ģʮ꣬Ǹӣ
ٶȣֱֻ̾ΪֹȥλСħһ
ϹȴסԴһۡ
۵аΪһµĺӷʲôڼš
ү֪ˣһʱʢŹ˵ģү󲻾Сһ߹ڵϣһһѱһĿţǿ̲ס
󾹻ֻλ㣬Ⱦɣûһ£ģҪǽ£
Ҫûиղһֻ޵úܿСǸúӡ
ϧֻֻӵӡССһڸ֮ĶûУ˼ʮֵĴеζƸԼ£ĺǲںúõĽ̵Ļڹ꣬ĳ˹꣬һʮ
Ķħ
Ϊͦģ
ʱʮɫóѸٵĽϹΧ󸹱һ۾ͿѹڵϵıӣǧһѵѪĵվĸǰƺֻҪϹֻܽɵ

133 ȦȦ

μүȮӲ£аܹĹȮһضһһɫ۵Ϲ˶ͶֱվǰҲ֪ԼıӲС˴еս
үãϹɢƤһ˵Ǳ˿ɵ˫أǱдһӣݽȥһֵϷة֮Ů

仰ˣǸ黨ȹŮӾȻǵةǧôô˵ŮҲаδˣ
ʱĶͷ㲼亹󼹱һ󷢺Ͱ͵˵үǷʲô᣿Ȯ̰棬ܲСġ˴С㣬ôСȮӡ
ʲôĵʲôĶӣ
ϹЦſŹĵѹظһղŵĻ
Ҫû֪ˣľλ϶ǱסˣϷĲаδޣǵة֮Ůһߣﲻ
ôһӣʮֵĴ飬Ǳȥֻ֣Ժô볯Ϊ٣
ǲΡΡ˵϶£ϾСŮ֮²֪ðϹζ˵ţ˪㺮ǧ½˸ҹ͵£ɽ󡣼סһҪ߽λСζĵطԡŮ
ʮֵĺ
ֻǰޣĻʢŭ»λСӸȿȥ˫ֻҪҵĴۡ
仰ֱӺùڵأϿͷţϹȴ§ֻĮȻתȥ
ʲôֶΣˣ
鼱֮¹ֻ԰ε֣۵Ĳҽ˲ҹը죬ֱ˵ĶĤ
Ϲ§ֻͣ½ŲĮĵһֻ
֮һҵĽֻɵӣŲɵļӿһЩɫ΢Щס
ѪҺǰɽĲ״ɵĳǧȥȻǧȴǱһ˫ӣδһۣĨ⵶ϵѪ󣬱תϹȥ
˶ǱһƬֺͷֻѾȫû˼ˡ
үȥˣֻʹͷ͵͵ģȴǷļᶨղǱ飬û⵽ίˣϹԶÿɽȪˮһƽĻǸղŵûзһ㡣Ȼһת
һĨ㲻øˣȥܷɣݷ
ΪֻȻûֻᱡǰֹʧְ
һñ˵óѣ
⻹ҺֻһʮĺӣҪǳˣܵĳͷҪأ
ǣʹͷԵɤ࣬ͬʱȴִһЩ׳
үⲻ£ʱֶ࣬Լûвֻһ˫ˮϹ
Ȼְ𱣻İȫܵһ˿һ˺ղǸǴ̿͵ĻѾˣϹﾡܺܵȴǲκη
ֻû˵˳ӿļУĬĵʹͷԵַļЩ롣
Ϲǽڷ˳ֻĻ佫ĴСסҪղŵˡǰһȦȦС̯Сʱرϲ߰ɣȥ׶þͶá
ֻһ˫Ⱦ촽һ£³ᶵͫϹȥŵĴǶһ䡣
С̯Χ˲ٵˣҰڷڵصĶҲܶ࣬Ůõ֬ˮۡһЩͿɰɫմޣƿ
ֻҪȦӽסˣ͹ˡ
ϷŮ˺Сϲ
ǧ´ϰʮȦӣһʮǮ
ϲĸĸϹȵʮȦӸֻ
Ƽ򵥣Ƕͨ˵ȴЩѶȣȥʮҲδһ
Ϲǧһѧ䣬Ǿ׼Ĺ˵ֻҪԸ⣬Ķϰһ£
үϲǱ飬һ°ɣֻɨһȦԽǹءֵǮĶŵλҲԽԽꡣ
ǰ棬мĶһЩÿȴֵǮĶ
ֱֻѡһ飬ƹڰǱдʲô֣Ǹ䣬һǺֵǮġ
Щ֬ˮۣһĶǣգǳģ㲻ôᵽеȤײеĶϲģȥ֮͸õĸǡϹһǷһ飬ֻ
Ե
Ϲ˵úе
˵˵ϷŵĶ֮⣬ƼļǮȲͷϵһ
ľһȤֻһʮûУ⡭ͲʲôȤ˰ɣ
ϹվԣᶨҪ׽еǱ飬ȴһδεʧܣȴûһҪǰæ˼ڵĿһƬƽ
ۿϵȦֻʣ¼ˣݷȴʱ˹ֻ̽еȦӽݷС
ݷ㣬Ǳ飬ֻͣģ죬ϹദûǷСͿ⣬෴ʮֵȻ
ǣݷ㹧ĽӹֻнʣȦӣ˲ǵĺˮ֮󣬱һ׾ٽеǱˡΧ۵һ󾪺ϰҲǷǳ죬ϹʽЦ⣬ߵ佫ǱȻΧ۵˵λӵãⱾǾ棬
ˡ
һ仰һ˵ЩΧ۵˿ʼϰ彫Ǳݵݷʱ˿ݷֿ˿ݷԵֻϵЦݴ˿ŤͷΧ۵ߺˣԽǷĶԽֵǮҪ͸Ͻ
ȦӣֻҪˣǵˣ
ݷһõǱֻ̽ϣֻҲ˲ϿˣֱӾϣȻָŷڽеһݷס
һʧ˼ʮΣˣֻȸԾЦ⡣
һݷ㵱Ȼˣϰֳûߺһ⣬һЩΧ۵˷׷׵ǮȦӡ
ݷеʱϰϵЦѾЩӲˡ
ϰ壬ʮȦӣֻݷ׵ĽƷϸࡣ
Χ۵˳׵Ľע䵽ֻݷϣֻȾκʵЦݣɽϵһѩ࣬˾̾
һݷ㣬òݡˬټһĺգȻȻľһѾߺЩ䡣
ϰ忴ǮķָֻʮȦӣֻݷǺܿϧֻҪĸݷ͸ֻһûһʧģ

134 Ī

ϰɵˣһʼָݷߺһ⣬Χ۵ˣеȦ֮󣬾ˣһĿݷݡ
ֻǸ˻ˣѾˣԾֱӷ˵ϣݷһô࣬ȻҲԾԾ
ݷһԽֻҪ죬˵ֻһ
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ɫ˫ųɽëֻΡϣʱһֻеһ㣬ڷǱգŮĳഺ
ʱȴĽϼӹһ
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С㣬үˡݷֻܿԲ֪ںʱվˡ
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ֻԽԽѣؾľͷһվԱ߿ţȲô棬Ҳס
ҪǱ飬ʾѾˣ͵ܹԳְһ¡
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үǲǿС棬Щˣݷֻǲ²⣬ȴҲȷʵԼˡ
ֻ˫ֻأ˶ϣӭķ磬
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Сûܹί
Ǳ˵ĹΪռ˱˵壬͵ñţ
ãͱɣϹ˼ֱ纣һȫͷԡ
Ūʲôǰһ뻹һ;ת뿪
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ίίҲίǰϹﲻʹ죬ԡҲʹ졣
ڳĬĬšţûİ취ˡ
ŵǰүСˡ
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ⶼҵģûбүĻүôܻΪһˣĿú
үֻĸְֺ޵ְɣֻһʱ̲סȥ˺
԰ҵģҲϣ㡭ҪûȤˣֻվĳ˵ллЩҲ˳Ҳһ°ɣֻߵԵʱͻȻ˵Ҳ˽үʲôӣҲ̫ǾҽģүĺãֻһЩ棬
ѾûˣȻᵱô˵棬˵Ǿ仰ġ˵һֱ裬߲ںɣ
ֻͷ֪Ѿǵһˣ
Ż˵ȥǸʱ򣬻һ֮Ҳˡ
Ҫ֪ϲңȴҲϣףĿѾûôҪˣϹһì塣
Ϊ㲻أ㿴ñһ壡Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҪֻ˵ô࣬ġô᲻ףǴǧ¶Դҵ̬Ҳܿүʲô̬ˡҵʱᱡʱǧ²ûû˵үҲûʡүôһںҵĻǧҲ
ܿұһʮСᱡ޶ԡ
˵Ҫ֪ԼʲôˣѾˡ
ͬ仰ҲϹǧµϣ
ūŵ̬Ⱦʹӵ̬ȡ
ͷرϲǴԴǧµ书Ī⣬϶ˡ˵Щʲôأ֪ү㣬ôأܸıһ𣿡
ֻһЦ뿪ˡ
̫Ϊʱ֪Ͻиͣȵֱ˵ʳˡ
ֻԼһĿɿڡ˿ʳ󿪵ŸϹ
˲û
߰ɣϹһۣ㵭ĮĿڣûθڡ
ֻԭⲻĽЩŸŻصʳ
ʱ߽Ϲߵү׹ˣ˵ǷةСͶһҪԽС㣡ϹǽڷָĵŰ״ɵĲ豭Ȧ

135 һ

ͳɤı䣺ڴü
С㣬ү˵ûθڣСһͿʼæˣٳϵ·ûɹصΪү⼸ɿڵĲˣүȴ˵ûθڳԡ
ֻһҡӣһϵսƷƵĵԼ£
䣬Цº͵˽С㣬׹ˣүڴü
ֻӲ߹ʱ򣬲С˵һ䣺үЩˣС֪ʲôԭ𣿡
֪أһȥүֻҡҡͷҪֱ˵Ϊݷ̫ˣĴڣˣǲԵõƷ̫Сأ
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ˣʮү˰ɣֻ˫Ѿżȴֵ˻ȥЦʵ
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ͦõģֻ˵ЩԲ⡣
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֮ȴһֻǰ޵ϸü£һ˫ʵȾһĨ˵꣺ȥڿةдŰɣ
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ǰϣһʮֵںԲŻǵô̡
ԲүҲǹġʵҲǴЩɷֵģϹǾ仰ܲģһãһߣ̫Ϲ˵
˵ĻӦö˲ŶԣϹɫĵתеİƱĮĻٲȻһĨΣյϢ
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ҹĵģΨͲϵڶš
ֻĴʯվԲүҲô˽ֻԼˣү
ֻ̧֣ͷϰγһİУǰү̫ԺÿүһΣұԼϻһ䣬ֻ㶯ѸٵǸİԼĻȥΪ̫ԭǸȻֻжϳأֻ֬ǲ˵ѪģһƬҪڵǶ÷ɫҪ˴Ŀġ

136 Լô

һ֧֬İⲢԲ˵ֻ֧Լϻôһӣֻ֪õж
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ǲΪƤģӲƤĥĿӡְʹֻ˲ͺۿűƤɲⷭţ˿һһ㣬ֻʹĽҧס´һֻסԼͣԼг

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С㣬˵ү˼϶ǶСԼҪġ²ţǰЩ꣬С㲻úõģôͻȻˣ
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137 ŵ֬ˮ

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ȷʵ˺ܶ࣬ɽׯʱվվȣȫָȥġ
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Ϊү׼ʲôֻһϮ£µţ浾绨ˮϯλϣʱ޷һ¶׺˿ҡϸ죬ȻЦ£ⶼʲôʱģôûƼ

仰û˼ǵʡ
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ϧ¹ǰ˺üľͷŵ̳үƵľºϸ˵ţϸСȴպÿϹС
ϹСʱľжӣֻ֮ϹҲûе̹ˣֻΪֻΪϹһӵݣȻľĻƣʵʧݣȥҲܲš
ϹϲΪֻˣһá
ʱ꣬ȴһŮӽϲμģҹɫ͵͵̣Ϊһľʽ¼Ȼ
һֱŮӣȴֻǰʮ죬һ̻
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ÿһԵſĺϷأ
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лү㳯Ϲ˸
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һԵĴˣɵľͣСһ䣺ʲô˲
ֻȴ⣬ǳЦſ̨ϵıݡ
ֱϯֻߵϹԣԼ۵С֣סϹĴ֣𣬵үȥԺɣܵľٶЩ벻ϹʹԼĴֱֻС߬סһСŮԼ쵽Ϲǰǣһ㣬֮ңĿɰ

138 ү

ҹɫһϮµֻϹִһܣӲݴĺԺ
ԺǱҲûдɨʧǷУԵЩ
үǾվ⡣ֻϹһЩƾɵĻ£źһԵݷ˵ͷ
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һһͯˣһ㣬ƺϹԡ
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Ϲڵ˲ɴԼסֻ۶д˲š
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ѾŵɱȥϸĲ鿴һֳĻ֮үΧǽѾըˣūż񵽵שʯ
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ʯζЩ̱ǵϹıϢ
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Ȳ̻ҲʲôڣǴδĶ
˫Ŀ̶УһϦֻǰڻҩӰҲݲ
ĶϹָԶһϾɵͥԺݷȼ֮󣬱㽫ڻҩԾͥԺУ֮ǡ䡱һУСͥԺѾΪһƬ棬ԫߡΨһüţûСͥԺ׵ĵ

ܹȥ֮۶˷ܣɱôҪõսϵĻ
ЩһֱľֱʱϹתͷŶ䣬ֻ
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ҩⶫǹ˷ģֻûбѡ
ҲҶǵһЩѧʽԲôɱС
Ȼˣܲը֪϶ը˲ˡ
Ƶ£Ϲֻԭ۵ѾЩֲڣ֮ǰˮָۣ׷лһЩôϴҲϴĺɫľ̿
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˵ֻ˵үҾõճ֮󣬻Խҩڼϣɻֻһڡٻ߾ǵף˲ȵͱը
Ϲֻ˵ţֻԽĲһ׻һĨ档
ֻһֱһһƤңȴ޴ԣױǣűߵˡ
ڿһƤңһŴĴԣҴﻹװźܶ˼룬˲ϵȥ̽
͸ϲϹԵ˵ɫĴɵ
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Ϲе֮ɫ·ܹһ㣬˲ɵĳֻбȥ
үݷﻹһڻҩȻȥ䷽øүֻ૵˵š
ҪߣϹĴֱסֻ۵󣺡һȥ
үڻҩ𣿡ֻˮ˵š
ԺڿҲ٣ϹڣůͣһĨң̲סˡȻɤС
䷽ֻӴóģһóһźɫġյ⡱ŵϹǰ
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ֻĲõװ˺ܶ۵ˮ
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ʮֵĺ
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ү˵ԸĻпܻ棬үԸɣֻһڴĶϹ˵
Ϲȴûȴʳһ⣺Ǳأ
ҾԼ԰ɺóˣʴģֻش쳣죬˵ŤͷվһԵĴġ
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Ϲÿۣڰϣֻһڴ˸СǵͫŴů紺ЦšһЦԭ䡢˵ɫ߶ů

139 ̼һ

үʱҪˣԸȻͲˣֻҪĻǵյ֮󣬾Ͳóˡ
Ϲû׷ǲ뿪֮˶ŵԸĹϰףվֻ˵۾һԸȻϨˡ
ٽǣֻѾ˽ϨˣϵһбһƬڰ֮Уֻ͸¹⣬һǡ
ֻ׼վ˵һЩ黰ʱȴһ±Ϲ뵽һůĻС
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ӦǱĵһϹ૵ֻߵšֻ֮зһĨɬ˵Ϲɳǵ꣬ÿնæµĲʿھӪɳǵı߾߲֪ƣıţֻǴʤսʱϹŻƬ̵и
κʱǽգϹеҶǽġһΣҲΨһһΣϹڱɽѩǵɽϣһ˺žƣʱŶëѩϹȫȾ˰ɫǸӰĹ¼źͱ·ֻʣ
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仰Ϲ΢΢һ£ȻǾ仰ֻ˵Щ˼顣
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ſԿ϶СҪүͺõģ
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仰󣬴ǽ˽ɫ΢ķ˰ס
ȵµӰȫʧſʱĲɵķ߷ߵСҲ̫ˣ֪ү͸СģصһܹӦС㣡
ŵ֬ˮֲۣѰ֬˵ʹһ˵
Ծү͵⣬Ա㽫ˮ͸¡
˵ˣ˵֬ת͸ʵȴҲһֱҫֻүĿУү
ˣģҵأôãǰԴһЩأֻͭȡϸģݣǸĵطһȱ١
ԣֻÿվӵʱ򣬶ĬĬԭԭȻôĹȴɫòQġ
þǱһҪԣ˻ˣɰñµ꣬ȴһḧõĶ䣬ڻС
ԲԲϴһĨߣ
Ϊʲôϯϣүϲ͵ľ񣬲һ׼͸֬ˮ͸ǵ˵ڶϣ֬ˮȥ̼һû뵽һں֬ˮʲôһ㡣

140 ±

һĵ˵үҪȥ棡
ǰүһһӶԸھȻҪүȥ档
ѵҲˣүҪԣʼֺү
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142 ϴԡ

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143 Ļ

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144 

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Ŀˮϰɣɫ΢΢һ졣
ǰֻشĺˬʣүû˯ãϢ
үҪȥֻ˯𣿡һ˫Ǻ棬Ҳ֪Ϊˮԭ򣬴˿µĶܵγѪˣүᱧ𣿡
ֻЦᰡȣ˯˯žͷֿˡ
Ľү֮˵ţϵɬЦ⣬Ǳˮڻһ㣬۵ס
˭ģϹշһӣȴȻһܳĻ棬漴߳ŭĽ˳ȥ
վһɪɪЦүⶼ̴Ըģ˵ү˺󣬻᲻зӦ
Ϲһһ뵽Ů֯һĻ棬ֱ˵ܶģ
òѰˣүʹС㣬ҲͻﻭĲأ
ôھͱɶˡ
үͿɣǸ˿˶зӦģҲ֤үûлָˣæȥϵĶ
Ϲһȱӿ˵
գūȥüһ˳ȥ
´·ױǰһֻһģһ޷תŻ赹ڵصĴģֿһУ˯滨ľԡͰеֻ
Ľʱ޿̶˯ˣҲô
ǵðѶɾǧ˷ġҫ·һĨݡ
СϸĽ̶պãµͷС㣬ģūһᴦõģүƳ
һȣסԼİ˳ȥ
Ϲ£дŮ֮µĻӣһʼģǿ֮󣬸оĴŴˡ
Ů֮侹Ȼôġƣ

үôио𣿡һ̽ͷʡ
˵оϹʾĺ޲˵Ǹоˡ
ûУϹͷһۣ
ͷڱϹŪģ֪ôжʲôˡ
үҪǧҲһ°ɣϾҲ֪⻭ӻùˣ֪ڳ⣬ǹǧ¡
Ǹ̫࣬Ҳûá
Ϲ뾹ȻӦˣҲã
ǧ´ӲϽӹʱĺͬӲıһֱϴҪϴ
ϹѾˣо
ûһǧ±㽫ӷԭɫ΢ЩȻû˵һ仰˳
뿴˺󣺡Ӧáǻӵˣ
ϹеĻӣͫ΢һƬšƽ
ô˵ֻֻзӦˣ
ֻΪֻ㣿
ϹصʱֻһյٻɫĵյӰԼһĨɫ˾ڰɫɴУƳᶡ
Ϲľһ±뵽˻е龰ɵĳһֶ
̧ѹһ̫Ѩÿɫɴ˴أΪһĵζϹıϢȴһİζ
ϵζ
Ҳֻŵϵζû⡣
ȻҲͦŵģȴһû˸ղŵ˼
ֻģȴ˺ܾòѾǵŵž˯ˡ
Ϲϵ£ֻԣոԡͻҲ˿˿Ƶ뵽ϹıϢС
ϲ㣡
⻹ǳ㣬û㣬˿˼ûˡ
ϹоĴδ˵ƽ
ԭĸоˣһжϵڸ
ҹɫϹĺھȣ˯ֻȴתһ˫ʸϹϣĵҲ˹
ǹɻϵҲʹ˸ŨϹıϢǰ
ҪƽʱϹȻὫֻ§뻳ȴ֣ססֱ۵С֣ȻӨָȴһ⻬ϸļ
ѾϰȥֵֻֻΪһ˿ڣ
˲Ϲ󣬺ʲôˣ
Ϲ־֮󣬼Ҫϸ飬ʹһ˿ǻүң£
£Ϲüһ壬ɿµ󣬱̴Ӵ
ڵ÷ʱϹڵͫһƬأż
´ӷεζֻһģһǡǽġűϹʹ˺µһԣ۴Ϲүȥ¥ֲ󷽱㣬´Ͻ·
ү
ϹݺݵһȻϢȻɢ˵֪¡ϲүԡԸģ˵ԽСһɲǣӨ˳βӰϵү㲻Ҫֽ㣬Ҳ
ֻǿү̵ЩܣԲš
ֻ˵ϲ𣿡ϹĴǽ򣬴ֽ߬Ϊ޴ŭ⣬ֹǵĹǽڶ߬÷ףŨصɱʴǵĴɢֱôϵŵֱˮ˫ͫһ־塣

149 Ϊɱ

ӣϧȥ𱸡
Ϲ䣬ƹһĺ磬˳ȥ
ԴԼôͻȻ˯ˡ
ʱһīɫ۵ϹͻȻǰ
ɫ˫ڵһƬ׺ݺͲǴӵܳĶһ㣬Ҫһɴ
ֻһۣɫһƬ԰ף˫ֱүС滻·
īɫĳڴǰһ˽ȥ
ֻת۵㱻ϹץסһϹǲݵ񣬱ֻԵľһ£Խƽ
ȥ㱾ģͳɱϹĴһһ³Ȼ˵˲ٺһ㣬ë׶
ֻոմѣϵδüϵϣ΢΢ĳţ¶浭ɫĶǶ
ү˵ģֻһ˫˫ֱͫϹ⣬ƽ
㡭˴ſڴ˽Ϊ̫ܵ¶һĨΪȻĺΣɫǽ
ү㲻Ҫֽ㣬ԸģһߵϹǰİš
ڻɫҫ£ϻżֻۡΪʲôҪôϹͳһ°θߣֻҲһ¼أҪĽָֻļһ㣺ᵽ˵ĵزǲǱ
ÿһ£ͻöģ
ϹϵԽԽأֱҼѹյʹˣֻĶͷһϸܵĺˮ
ÿ뱾곡ϷǲǺۣϹݵĻǺһһֻУѪ졣
´㣬Ϊ𣿡ϹĽֻǰ䡢˵㣬Զ뿪ǱˣҲҪᣡ
Ϲʱڵ̡ѹֵ£Ǳ굽һ̰㣬͸
˲Ϲֻȴ˫ƽϹֻһ䣺ү˵ĻڵϹ£һ仰ɫ˲ò԰ףǱ˳˻ѪҺһ㣬ͬһŰֽ㣬ֲֶŵ㣬ѵҪԩ£´Ͻ
·үȥģ˵㲻ϲү˵үһÿһÿһ붼ܼ尾ĲԸүͬһ𣬱үڻ˯ʱʮֵܡ¹ڵϣ˫涵
ŵԽȥүңȵүֵʱѾˣҵѾˣүһȢҡҲͲÿүˣ
ڳ˸˵Ļɫˡ
ĺһҡͷܣֻ˵ĻģôүҲ飡
ֻŹڵϿ޵滨꣬£ΪʹסĴǣ΢΢һĨȡǣ㣬㲻ԩҡҼϲүҲ¼飡µȴļᶨСС̲Ŵһ㣬ŷ
ҴӦ㣬Ҳֻǲ뿴ܵӣȻҲ˽ģҪүߡ
ԽԽȥһı
ͲģʱСһţ֮;ԽԽԽԽֵס˯˹ȥ
ѹʱֻʣʹСˡ
СҲǸո˯ѵӣ
С϶ǶǶʲôֽţȻŴС·ȥү
ڴҪվ˵ʱֻֻ̧ϸӨ׵򦣬̺˫Ϲɱ۾ү˵Ļ𣿡
һ£µΪʲôᴩϹһ仰Ѿ˵޹ġ
˪ϴδйͺ
ҹһƬʴı䣬һǧ꺮Ƶذףȵ壬ݺݵĴ뵽У
ԣ˵Ķʵҵ·ȥүģֻɿݽҧס´󴦴ʹڵ
ûһ˿һ˼
ˣ
˽һŵı飬ڵϵ£̧˫Щ˼ĿֻѸٱøӽС
ãϹŴӱĴУһû¶ȵЦֻڱǰݵһֵĺϷ
ǲǾñЩӦֿʼ޿ˣϹɿѾ߬û֪ݵ˵
ֻǵվϹߴͦεǰ˵
ֻҪԸ⣬Ͼͻܶİӡ塣
ʹࡢܵġ
ûУ
˵һ䣬˶֡亹ֱðĻ
Ϊɱ㣡
ϹֻĶѪ˵仰֮󣬱ڵϵ£ݾת뿪µıӰôĶ͡¾⣡
С㣬ĸС˵Щ𣿡ĵײײߵֻĸǰŨصĿǻ
ŴСԶС˵Ļ
ڱԹүʱ򣬴СҲûǰ˵һ䲻õĻ
һ߹һѽǳЩû˵ΪʲôҪ㣿
ֻƽ޲⿴֬ϹһɫָӡɿôˣǺɫָӡڼϡ
ϹһǶɱĵģ
үĻҽ𣿡ֻﵭģû˿
ٲȻһνӣ
˵Ļڻǵƾʲô
ʵϣȷʵ
ΪһǰƵˣŰֽôƽȴҲվӡǣŰֽɸɾʲôۼûС
ټǸֳı顣
κ˶˵Ļ
㣬ү㣿Ϊһˣ񶼿úס
һŮ˵ĽǶ˵ֻôүôĲϲү
ҲԲὫһŮ͵үĴϣ̯үĳ谮
ֻڵĴүô
Ƕүɱģ
ֻɨһȦȻָŵϵһ̲ˮ˵е֤ﶼѾٵˣҪôүͣүǱҩεģȻ³ûң
ôˣôҩģ˭ģҩڽĶΪһеةǧ˭ģ

150 ү

ôӴģ
ϹƲȥ飬϶¡
ΪǽŮˣǴ䣬ֶҪж٣֪ҩܹŪ
ֻͣԽͲ壡
ֻҪүȥ飬һܲóܼŵ˵
ֻҡҡͷүȥģ¾׵ģ
Ǵ㽫ȥүĿܻɱ㣡һ仰˵üΪء
ֻ˵ͷߵͭǰ·ãүͶûκοˣԺ͸ӲˡҪôķ֣ҪôүԼ֣
ʵ£˿ú壬ΨоС
ǻŭϹصԷڻϵζ
ϹĺڳĺͱԽŨˡ
״ϽڵĴȫ򿪣һ˽ϵƷ»һ飬ϹɫԵĺתЩ
ү¡¶ѾүĴˣûзʲôة֪ˣ϶ǲүģүҲضҪӭȢġ
˭˵ȥ֣ϹĬãٿޱȵ˵ţةฮǱߡ
̧΢ľĿϹСĵĵֻ¡
Ǹ˵͸ͷϹһֱȫѪҺ˲䵹һƬ
СǱأʵ
Ի˵һϹ΢ƽ˺ܶ࣬ȴ͸Ŵ̹ǵ⡣
һҹעһ֮ҹ
ԷԷеĵһֱΨԷĵʱʱϨˡ
С㣬үȻȫ˵ĻûһɣСĸ˵˵ţһСΪúġ
Ȼȴһ£ڴϣһ㲣ĿһƬ߻궪һ㣬ɫ΢΢ķŰס
ǣүҴ֮󣬾뿪ˡ̵˵ţ˿ۡС㣬㲻ҪżүҲ֪ҪθС˵죬ү϶СģϾô飡үֲһӣôС㸺أСүһ
ˣѾزү϶ӭȢСġ
¾С˵ĺܶԣҲ˵ġ
ֻҪ뾡취үĴүǰװһ崿޹ܺү϶ʮۡϧģ
ҲˣȴЩš
ԼǱݵģΪʲôûнͣأ
벻ͨġ
ȻӮˣоԼӮ̫ˣﲻ
ߣǽˣһЩı
ڶùţϵ֪Ľţ˸оǳƣҲʷоȵһ졣
СѾŶʱˣȫûеҪԵ˼ֱ߽»ɢԵųһĨ
С㣬үȥͤµϵɨһۡ
С˺ﰵϲһɡ
ϵıȻ󣬵ȴһƬ΢˶βźۼųһĨ⡣
һ紵Ϲϵī㴵ɢͤһƬȣ·ܹ˸ɹ
ȻϹȴǱ֮һѵϣ˲׵Ŀ
үСˡ߽űϹ˵ֱʱϹϵı䡢֮΢ɢȥתųɽ⻺µϣһɲ̶һ㣬ǿƽˮ֮£Ǳ޾ӿ
һײҪء
үϸĽһԭĵһƬ֮⣬һĨ˺ѹ
Ʊĥ˺ܾһ㣬۽ǺƻһĨۡ
£СʶҲ˵ǿ㳤ġϹƿɫĴɤ˵
µʹͷ˵ֻŨĽǰգһ¡꣬꣡Ϲֽ˵˵ʱȴͣһ£̶ٴεǰűʱ򣬱Ҳһֱûһֱһӣ
ȥˣ㵽˳޵䣬ڱɻһӣ
仰ǵʹüһ̧ĿϹ˫к˸һĨʲôƴŽţȴִЩڴ
£͵һʱһҼϷԺǶҪˡ㱣֤֪飡ϹɤʮֵĺͬʱƻһĨ⡣
µĶУȴ纮ιȫѪҺ˲ñޱȡ
һ˫ŵĿǰ˸ͦŵϹûѪɫĴ΢΢Ķ˶
һ˯һŴϣүȻǲԸȢ
һ˺üôȵУֽžȻһƬȫûһ˿¶ȡ
Ϊʲô
үѵôϲ
ΪʵֵԽŵԣүȻױ٣ҲԸȢ
Ĳһ
˵үû֣үһӭȢ
ү㡭˵ʲôµ΢΢ĲţƺûϹ˵Ļ
£ΪģϹԵĳǸߴ޳˱һ½ס
̧Ϲɫ˫ͫīĺͫУĶӳĵӰ
үȴûֺ
ү㡭¡µЩɳƣĻһĨ̵Ŀǻ
ϹҡҡͷûУ㣬ֻǱһֱ㽫ÿûǸֳӭȢԼõģ
ĶźݺݵĲһ£ү㻹ǺĶ𣿡
ţСͿ
ϹŴû˵ֻǽ˫˫ͫ۾ƿˣΪµпϣʱıʹϢѹ
ǽү飬үﻹŽ㣬ԸӭȢˣ˳ĽѾڲ֪һ㾧Ө¶˵ĿϹ
˵ֻϹԶɽü壬ʮֵĿ϶޹أ
ΪʲôһµٲȻһƬܵĿǻôѹҲѹֲסˣȻͽûйϵүΪʲôҪôġҪջϣ
үסȫеˣȴûа취ƭԼԼĿڣĵ˵ţǲүº¼Ҿˡ
һ˵ţһ߳ȥˮⲻɵĳԵϿһۡ£û˼ǸŮ뵢㣬ӵиõϹʹ˵

151 ݲ

үϲ㰡¾޸үǸ˲үĻǽһѵµĲϣҲġµʹ
ϹһתȥֻһĲգ佫սǱļҡűܿģ
²¿ģֻҪܹүߣǳٶĿ࣬ҲԸ⣡¿ϹĿɶ˵Ϲȴҡҡͷ̧ͷűŨڵסգ˵ֿ࣬ǿع뷿Ŀࡣһٰ̣겻ܻظҲǴҴҵһѣҲʱģ
Ժǻᾭġ
һܵˣأʮأʮأϹ˵ţĳ
˵Ҳʵ
ܹھǣսġ
Ϊһ佫ǲһӶھǵģϻὫɵĳȥء
ĳΪة֮Ůǲ֪佫ࡣ
ǾϹôһ˵ԽӵȷЩѰ
ŮⱲµľǾǸߡ
Ҳ˵Щ˵ŮǰͰһء
үΪʲôҪȢأ⣬ѵϹôֻΪý㳢һǶؿշʹ
ôƯүͲ½㡭ʲôԲ𣿡Сš
ôô£ߴȱˡ
үǽһھǣһ겻£ʱһá
үĸ鱾Ͳټϳʱķֱأ㲻ˡ
£㲻ͬϹЩԸ˵ǲ˵Ҳģ˺㣬űĻܺܶࡣ㣬ûѡˣֻѡ
»ҡҡͷүѾ˺ˡҺү˯һҾүˣүǲҪңֻܡ
˵һµеγԵôı˺ѹ
£㲻Ҫɵº𣿡Ϲ»е˼
Ҳܹó
ȴʵϹһ˫ûдɫĴţһԲСһ𣬺ڼʹ
˿÷ۣҲĲһ
ͬһվϹĸǰһܽ
밲վһԣһֱʹü۲ɵ̧һ£СĵϹ
ȻϹɫͫûаֵĶݣеҲֻǲ̺Ρ
£ݲˣϹɫˮ˫һĨȣ÷ᶨ˵Ȣ㣬ҡҲ㣡
һ仰ͫѸٵĵɴ󣬺ڿһһ㿴Ϲʮֵ𾪡
үһˣû뵽үȻ鵽ֵز
ֻŮΪİˣһӵࡣ
û뵽ʵоȻӣܹ˲
һ̣籩¶ڿ籩а㣬ѵվš
Сĸţµȥ˵ģϹɫɫ̩ɽһᶨûκ˿Ժ£㿼ִҪޣҸ֣Ҳ㣬Ҳ̤
㷿а벽
ϹõĻ˵ģڶУȴֲ̣顣
һѷذһһµĻȵһ㡣
ʹ
һȵܵ˵
˫ĿһϹҪϹڵͫҵһĨ̺˵ѵĺۼǡȴĸʹˡ
±ᣬתܿˣСС¾ͺǾ籩һ㣬Ʈ㡢ҡš
˺ǲ̣С㣬Լһ˹ڷﰡ»֮ͽһУƾСôô򶼲ү϶ֻ˵˵Ķѣ㶼޸Ϊˣ»鶴ʱôܲ
˵үҲͦۡϲСġ
˲˵үЩɳǳ˲ٵĿֻ࣬ҪպСаһһ̷үү϶СĺõģСĽվ⣬һһ˵š
ȴſڴϣʹĿţһŲ԰׵СϹۡ
Ө˫гʹ֮Ǹĺ⡣
үϲʲôһÿ֮⣬ʲôطȲϽģ
Ϊ㳤һ׵˶˺ү飬үʼնԽ
үϵɱѾˣүȴһ½㶼ûС
үжء
ڽү˵ĻаүҲ
仰ɱֱɱҪѹ
뵽⣬ĴӴ̧˫ʵһƬͨ죬ͬʱŨҵĺͺݶӯӯб
ͬһѷĵһ㣬ݺݵĻֻʢյ˵ϣһֲѪۡ
ǲֻҪ˽үͲϲˣ
뷨еĺίϵļţͬѪҺһ뵽ÿһ䣬ٹ̵뵽С
ԣүֻϲѣҪǽûүͿ϶ϲˡС㣬㿪Ű㲻Ҫū澰Сſһһ¾ԽżȻӵС㣬ʲôȥͷ˺ú
ô˵
СĵĻ˵꣬Ȼվһˡ
һͷŵõһɫһƬţͰ͵󡭡С㣬㡭ôˣ
ֻϲסתţƺڲ鿴ֻ˶ٽȥ
񣬰߿ֱֻӴСĵԽ޵Ĵ
СһΪֻС˵ģ̱赲ǰ
ȴֱӱһѸˡ
顱һһžͽסķŸ߿ˡ
޴ĹӲǽھҵײһ𣬷һ죬ֱڳ͵һ
СиһƬ
ֻȹڣӯ˽ȥ
ſڴϺ۵͸ˮ翴ֻһ߽ˮɫȹֻ߶ڵҡҷ˵̬
ֻҲǷ崿次
ֻһжĶȴҲܹߵǶȥֻƹ翴ſڴϵ£ڵɫıһʪ󣬶ԭҲһƬʪ󣬵ǿѲ񵱳ǰģŵͷߺ֮
⡣
űĿڵĹҲɴ˰һЩֻȹ˴ء
һ˫ˮ£ڵүԸȢ㣿ֻ׵һƬƽǳǳĻ뵽µĶһϸֳݺݵĴĿһ㣬ʹ಻ѡ

152 ԸȢ

ѾĻðֻүĴϧֻ˺ƤֻΪܹа
аȻԸȢ
ֻ仰˵ֱĪͳ
½˫ʲôһ㣬˫źֻ㴩ҵ·ҵķ٣ںҹүĴϣүӦûô췢ֲŶԣû㾿ôүֵģֻϵһƬƵȫֻ
һ˿һŭͷߺ֮⡣
Ŵ˵Ҳ֪үôô췢ģֻһյƣ߻谵
үʱڴ˯ˣҲûпѵΪүһʱ򣬽ûжүүɵ
ֻȴʱס°𪡢۵󣬿һ֬ļȻԼ֣ǵͬϸۡ
ΨһֻͬĵطȴһӻƵ˰̣˰ѾܵˣȥЩ͹ƽĸо
Դҵ֮үϲҵ˰ֻ̡Ļ˵ꡣ
±ͷԼһүסʱ˭
ѹүֵᷢô磬ԭǳ
Ϊ˴ϽΣʾһͬԡϴ裬Ȼе鶼ˣȴΨЩϸڡİɣֺֻ취ȡңӽүү´ʱүͱضӭȢȻȡҵλãΪа
յЩģ԰ɣ
ֻһһ˵ţµɫҲԽѿżּٺͲ
ͦ˽ү˼ġû뵽ǣүԸȢ㣬ҵһͷ˿ûжֻɵЦ
Ŀ֪ʱҲʮֵ⣡
ΪϹΪ˹µף϶ӭȢҪҪͬʱһӭ
˭뵽ϹȻ˵Ƿ
½˫ʼǰֻСֽ߬ţǳָĲУȴо˿ʹ˿ֻʣŨҵĺɱ⡣
Ҫٵֻ뷨ԽԽǿҡ
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ֻҪţүὫӭģԲԲᶨޱȣ¶˾һ㡣
ֻǰԽԽ־ˣֻĵŮȴѲڡֻһ糺ĴṴ漴һƱ±ϣһƴͻԵΪ²ŵĿֻһ˫
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ںͬ˯һŴ𣿡ֻһ±үʱȴԡ²үⷬǽȥأĬĬ˳ȥֻһһ˵Ҹ㣬үȥΪķ䣬ķϴ
裬˵ЩѾĬˡүеˮпӣүôԸ⣬ҲȢ㣡
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ѾһҪջȥǲܵˣֻ续üĿһ£ôôˡ
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153 

½ץֻ֣ÿһ¶úԼݺݵԼƣһǲ԰׵ձһƬѪĺ죬Ŀָӡһĺۼ
ǡžžžһֱڷлصš
С洫Լĵתܳ˷Է
Ѿ޵滨꣬һǰƵĺӡȻ󲿷ֶԼģյѪɫӡԽǳгֽ԰׵ݡ
ڵϵҲʼҡҡ׹·ʱеȥĿܡ
ֻҲֻվһԾĿţûҪߵĺۼ˵ЩۡĻϵʼնһƬƵǵһĨȻ΢΢š
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ʱͻȻһŭȣһֱڵϲϿһվץֻ֣Ȼصĳˤȥ
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صƬϣʹ飬ȴҧŴĽʹԼĺС
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һĺѸٵĳֻȥᣬȴĳ䣺ΪʲôҪô
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Ϲɫݣǳصĺ˲־壬֣գкݺݵļһ֣
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ʱˮѾһһεĴëýƬҶεճڶͷϡ
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ֻͣѾ˵ûˣȴǳϹҡҡͷ
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С㣬ѣѰ֪СıŻȥڵϿ޺šȫ֪ʲô취Ĳܹѹ
Ϲһ߽ʡµûκϢĵСĵĻУϿջһɫİ籣¹ҫ£Եǰ񡢾ϹڵͫŨһ£±˷С

154 ֪֪

ȿȿȡٸ˼֮ѵĺۼЩʹĿ˼˫ûнͫһƬ޹⡣
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仰ֱģϹһܿԼ񡣡үҪ󲻸ߵģһһξͺˣҲͽģҲүΪѵģֽ˵һᰲĴԼСԺУֻݲ裬үͽ
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155 ֪

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һ磬ɫͱһľ˽˵үֻÿճдΪ»»֮ǰ˳дľȷʵôһ˵

156 ö

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ϹǵЦѸٵʧ漴㽫Լֱϵָĵ£Ҫ뷨ˣ㻹С㲻ָܣĸһףµʹͷ˵ʱһææܵϹĸǰүˣСˮˣ빫Ѿ˼ʮˮȥңˮˮ죬ڻû
ҵС㣡
ϹĽüһɫѸһ䣬°ڣٵ߳˿ջ
ɫԽԽڣˮȴʼһݷ˻ˮҲˮֱҵľƣϰ
ֱӿʯϣвͣ૵С㣬ǧҪ°ǧҪ°
ϹǲɱǰˮٲĺҹǱ⡣үʱСϺӣܵϣҪʯͷˮڣ֮󣬴СҲѧ˭֪ʧޣͻȻһСվλãһ¾͵
ȥݷ˾ˮȥˣǡС㲻ˮԽԽ³վϹ˵š
ȥʱˣʲôû̵¾ˣҲֻʣһʬˡ
ϹͷֻղվŵĵطϽõͣԱϹܹø
үūżˣȷʵʧޣ˪ѩʴһΪչȥ
ȷʵשͷѳ̶ȷʵΪԶԵʣΪ
˵һ⣡
ˮμңҪˣҪʬϹݵĶ仰š
ǹ¾͵ıӰﶼһ
һҾһҹϹҲͤеһҹųɽĺǴδйء
ֽţȫÿ鼡ⶼüɢĺȻֻӶҿ
ϹߵļȴǱӶҧöҶϹҡӰ·ɹӰȴͻȻ뵽˯ͻȻͽˣΪ˵ҧĽԼ⣬СϱӰЩӡ
ȥ
ʱû˵ʲôֻҪÿ뵽ϸڣĴǱ㲻ɵ΢΢
Ҳһ
һſҪӮͬ飬ӶͶĺ⣬ȴһԸദԽ¸˽
û˵ô򵥣ûӭȢ£Ǵ´·ĴҪԴ
Ȼڿ޿ǰһʵϷ룬ڶ˵һЩĻ
ĸת䡣
ǽȴȷˣԵʱŻϵʹ죡
ĺǲģ
ҪһϷ뷭ģǽȴˣֱ׹Ԩ
ƹˤˣκηķˡ
һƫƧ谵ĽУһӰϰصĺţϣһֱϢ˺ܾã´ӵ
ʪͷ·ϣĽŲҲó
ߵһùһյٵƵʱɫӰĿڽеС㣿
һִӲݴ߳һĨˣû˸ٰɣ
ϵšɣ˶ˮȥˣڵϹģ˭ֲ˭
ʱˣǿ߰ɣֻһɫ˵
ڳï֦Сϣһ۵ѵȺĶ֮һƮƮվǰɫЩƵǰ
ûһֻӴ˳֮һ̾ܣ漴ӭȥС㣬ôû˷ְɣֻһƣӣڰ֮ӭʱ򣬽һֱӵ˰֮ĻУҡͷĵӦû֣ǳεģү֪ˮ϶ᳯεķѰ
̫ˣûϰһֱȵɫȫҲŸҳߣ
֮סֻ峯ķȥֻҪǽ˹ǣү㷢Ǿʬ岻㣬ʱҲˣ
ϣɣֻ˵˾䡣
С㣬ҶƵҺͿĨȥıòܱ棬·Ҳûܹϳ㣡֮ӻͳһɫҩƿǾ¡
ֻӹϣˮһĨ⣺ܹܶã᲻ԣᣬҺҪ߸ӵᱡȫļΪһģֻҪϸڷ洦ãаվǰҲᷢģҲֻһҩˮſϴ㲻
õģֻ֮һͨһ˫˫дʱҹɫȴڵĹԡ
ҩˮϴĻܹάֶãֻϣЩʵ԰֮û˿ķתΡһ£һ֮ͿĨϵҺͻСѺۣ͸һ飬Ҫһֱάԭȵòÿһ¾ҪͿĨҺ֮ΪֻӰģ㶼ʵ˵
ˡ
ǾͺãֻͷС㣬˵ĻҾͰͿĨҺò̫ˣҾͽòҺͨЩֻ֮ų޵òƤɹˣȴڵסеš

161 㹩

ãȰݺã·ֻҪ󣺡µʱһ
ã֮˵ͷӹֻеƿҺһƬϣȴǲźۼĹһĨаЦĻȣС㣬ллôң
Ҹ˵㵭һܰңҺܸм㣡ֻ΢΢ͷŰ֮΢΢һЦͬںҹȻŵһ꼻ʮֵˡ
֮Һ΢΢һ˵С㣬뿪֮һ·Ͽ϶ҪܲٵĿֻ࣬Ҫ˴СҪӵĵط֮ǾͣȻ¿ʼ
ţãֻĻشšҺͿĨϱģûʲô̼ķӦַ֮Ҳʮֵ죬һյ£ȻִݵΪֻọ̈̄Ľ续òһ
˶оҲͨŮò
ˣС㣡֮ԼĽǳ⡣
ʱֱӽֻ͵ڷδȥ֮ǰֻҪһֱһǴõȽʲôʱˣڸݽҪֻɽҪ
ֻ۾ЩȲĴӻͳһСͭڴ˿̵òֻνǳһһϸϸĲ鿴һЩϸڣֶ
ɵĵǧ湫ӣַ¯࣬Լһ
ֻĻδ˵֮꣬ɫѸٵһ䣬һʱ˰֮ĺ
֮˼º󣬱㵹˵ϡ
֪ܲڹַЩ֮󣬽Ҳ˳ֻŵڵϵİ֮˵Цš
ʱҲӴ˳˰֮Ķ̼ΪʲôֱɱүᷢǾʬǼٵģүδز֪֮ݣԵʱү϶ȥҽҪˣҪүҵ˰֮ʬ壬ⳡϷôȥֻϵޣ
絭˵ţǻȴ͸¶һĨ
ô֪ү֮ݣֻЩɻʵү˵뿴Һߵ̫үȴҺͰ֮һ¼棬Ͳ𣿡ȦȦʱݷ΢˵ЦϹֱӽ
ˡ
ôһ٣ٶͰ֮档
ǲòֻܶ˼άòˣаҲ㣬ܻҵ㡣
ҩϣôıҵòУֻҺü
Ĭһãϣһ·˳磬Ҫڱа߽ץˡлл㲻ҵĻҲ֪Ҫ˭ˣֻԵ˵ţݷû취ѰһʵֳԼôϸڡΪһݷܣϹ
Ȼ
˫ֻأϵɻϵˮһΣҰһΣǳƽˣ
ֻЦЦлĻһҪһˣ㱣ء
ִֻҪʱȴȻڵ·ĲԶӰӰ´µһ˱ͦӰ
ʱֻȫë׶ͫҲʱŴ
ߣеĶ̼ǰ·ڵǸӰȥ
书ͼҽ̵ģܴӮңǧµĴҹƮ쳣׹ǧһ㣬һۣȫ类鶳סһ㡣
ǧ£ɫһƬ֣ǧһǸģ㲻Ǵ粽үΪʲô
ԣΪʲôǧү뿪үߣҲᳬ׵ľ룬ȴȻһֱ׷պү̹֮үһֱǧ¸ҡֻ˵ͻȻЦˣЦǰκͿɬҾȻԵˣһֱΪүȥˣ϶үߣ
û뵽һֱң
һȥɣֻһ˵
ȻҪһսүѣһܵ顣
ǧµ߽ʡԽǧ£ɣ޹ģǶСϲүСҩ˶С·үĴֺݶС㡣С㲻ұ⣬ΪүţԾɱս
״̬Ǹ̼
ǧ±һֱʹŵ̧𣬱ֳŵֻϣûκε¶ȣ㲻ô֪үţ
ڻȥүͣү𣿡ֻǺЦʵ͸һĨȻ
ǧ´Բֻĸǰ䡢շŴĳֻǰ
˵Ͼ£ÿһֶôǡôһһֲĸо
ûˣ⼸ִǧµĴл˵
仰һɽŸУֻȴᳶ˼´ǣû˵
仰˼ǲ˵ɱ
ǧ˵仰ȴת˩ϵӺͰж
˳ţ͹һţ¿Ҫǧ½еݸֻ
ͻȻתֻЩӦ
㡭ҪߣֻЩɵ˵仰Щš
һľȣ
ǧ¿үߵ
үѾ˷̫ʱˣǧֻ˵һ䣬ɫɱ䶯û䣬ͬһˮһ㣬ԶƲκεĲ
ֻǧµнӹǰȴ̲סʵȥҪôүͣ
㻹´βҪҰɣǧȴ˵һ䣺ʱûôˡ
˵ǧ¿ҲһۣҪת뿪
һ£ֻҲ֪ǧΪʲôҪߣȻҲпĴĵϹĺܶ飬ӦýľһŮ˵ϡ˵һүޣ𾴵аˣүҪҵĻֻҪڹͨһΪһ滨ˣҾͻǸʱүʲô
ӣҲֻе˵ţÿһԷθ
ϹҪʱûߣԻһεĻĺǣҲصߣ
һŵҲһֱĳ
ǧ±ͦվڵ¹£ĻعǰֻòѾһĴã˫ҫһĨ財ĿĹâֱġ
ϲү𣿡ǧȴʳһ仰
Ƿģֻ򴽣û˿ԥ˵仰
һʼǾվһƽȵλϣֻվһƽȵλϣܹȥ̸ϲϲǧ»عӲ˵ЩԶܷүϡүѾǸǰǸˣ

162 лл

һ仰˵úζ
סֻ˳Ľǰգһȴ⣬ǧллܹүѡ͹ȵʱһֱүϣ
仰ֻ˵üΪ֣أǧ¾һֻ֮ͣתޣҹɫʧ
ֱʱǲŴӳӵˮشһѾˮݵñϲòʬ
͵弸ˡڸʬʬʱ򣬶ҡͷүʬȷʵˮģʱǰΪȣʬѾʼãټϳ־˹ۣ޷ֱ
ʬ˭ǴӸŮϵͷĻӦáʹСǺϣ
Щսľ˵š
ϹҹӴɨʱ֮վȡ
뽫һϵӵݵϹУڸʬϵİײƿ
һƿͣʬ˶ס˺ŵ˼ǵ˻ǵСˣһӦǽ۾ƿ
ӷεﶼֻļΪǺϣʱҲöԵϡ
ʬֽŶŤ״˵ˮеġ
һеģһжϡ
Ϲɫ΢΢ţǰʬ屻ˮݵȫϲģϻжദõĺۼֻöݡ
ʬǰǾµĵһŮֻ
ϹµĴɫأڣһƬƽȴİӿ΢һײܻء
үҪҪ֪ͨةǱȷһ飿ʱչʬɢĶ˵Ų졣
ʵЩͷΣֻĴһģһ
ҹΪةฮǧΪƷаδޣֻķҳġ
ǴСˣ
Ϲȴһǰ͵ʬ壬ʵʬ߷ΧǶ٣
Ͳһ˵ǲжı仯ġ
үһһ֮䣡ش
Ϲ仰˫ƽĺһ˿仯ӵҲ˽
ߺֻʮֵķϣ
Ȼˣ
ôһ˲Ĺˮˣ
û˿оģ仰һ˵ʹѸٵӿ
ǺʹǾָоܲ
һֺĸо
˰𣿡ϹתȴͻȻʵ
ӿһ֮󣬱׷ٴʬԼ顭
ֻϢӹ괫ǱѸٵը˹
ةฮһƬʹ֮⣬֪Ϣ˶׷ֽкãеֱӴģŮˣ
ĵĪȥЩǧСˣһ˵£ǿЦϣڮ١ӵĻﶼ˵˳
װֻʬĹײ̧ةฮʱ򣬱ݵةһ˲˺ܶ࣬˸ɫ˲ðͺıͳһ㣬Ǳʹ顣
һ˺üةסԼ壬ûԼһ
ǸŽȴǿ޿˵ةĸǰ˻ˣҵĴҵĴ
һϮīɫѵϹϾܴɫߣȴҲóɫ
ة࿴Ϲ߽ʹɫ˶ϹٲȻһһ㡣
˾վ׵£ţ˭û˵
ةˣɷһ˵ϹƿɫˮĴƵĿڵ
ةЩĮĿһϹתȥүˣϳҲ˵ʲôˣǴӴ˻ǻްɣ˵ҪΪãϳûҪˡةһɫϹ̬ģиǲ
޾ŭ
ǶԷƷֱܹӽϹϳȥ
Ϲ޳ͦεվة΢̧߳ةˣ֪𣿡
ةȻתĿŭĿϹүǹײѵ㿴𣿡Ϲÿ°ڣһƬĬ漴ٴοڵةˣǵһΪ֮ΪѧҲʮֵĿأةฮСС鶼֪

ةϾڳ͢սϹͻȻһʣɫѾţ侲ʵүѵϳļҲ𣿡
Ϲƿͳƣةˣ֪֮ʲôˣ
үģϳѾ˵֮˽еǧ湫ӣóľݣû˼ʵòͬҲʮóģ¸ɫˣܰƣֻҪǮ㹻ΪǸ֪˭˴Ǯ֮
ةฮõةฮε𣿡ϹƽһһĲ
һʼԷĿǻǺԷҪӽѣԱıע⣡
ة￩һ£漴Ҳ¶һĨŵɫѸٵĻָƽү˵Щͻʲôϵأһֱүڱɽׯ
֮ǽϹĴһһϣ֪ʲôĺ𣿡
үѾˣʬǹײأةͽȻһ˫ɫĺͱߡ
ײǲǻӦñ˭ϹʱҲ֮ǴŻȥʲôƽȻǽ͸˽ͻƭˣڸ߱Ͱ֮ļƻ˵ܽһϹֱةࣺ֮ҺԽֻκ˵ģѵˣͻô
ģ
ة⣬Ӳʵһ¾͵ϡ
ǽ͸ɺǻƴܳģźϹġ
Ҫ͸ɺةĿʼð亹
Ҫûõѵģȴû뵽Ŵˣ͵һħС
һ͵ġ
ѵôֻۣΪ½ȥ𣿡ϹЦһ֮˵ϲԸΪκ£ҸϷ򣬻Ҳ⣬ֻҪԸ⣬ԴŻ뿪¿ʼµһúõչ˻ةϣЩ
˵ǰ֮󣬱дŸϷ򣡡
ةˣҲǳеԪˣȻֹ׿ڸ˵𣿡Ϲ仰ǵĻȲɵĸˡûУϷ򿴰֮ȷʵԻͦĵģڻ˵Ҫ뿪ةĺˣʮֵĺڡʹģ˵׻ϷĴ̫ΰ֮ˣ

163 ֻ֪

ܹ֮õةΣ϶ǻ˲ٵʱ˼ġ
ة൱հ֮ΪѧĿҲΪֻ
ʲô֪Ϲü
ةս֣ɫһƬȻһ˲ȫһ㣬૵ĵϷ֪֪֮ʲôطȥ
ˣϹҲûʵıҪˡ
ֻվĶһʹļ׵ة˵Ȼة˲֪ǱֻȥҽҪˡֻĻҲֻȥһֱҵֻΪֹ
ة仰ЩȻ̧ͷϹϹǶ͡ŵѾ߳⣬ȵ±һī
ϹջصܼҼææүаˣ
Ϲ޵ķ΢У͵ñһĨ⣬㱳ֳȥ
֣СʬͻةฮֲӦةฮοةôпˣϹһīȾѵϹλϣϢаȶֱ䡣
ɫһĨ˵ĺ⡣
ȻϹȴֻǹ˹δϹ񣬱ȻϹĶ棬аȵüĿаš
ʱѻϹеĺͻȻĵϹȥһ㣬׼ֺ
ÿһҪѪϹɫ΢΢һ٣Ǽ̶аȵƿĵĵ֣ĪĹȣԼŪͿˡѾСˣѾСûκεĹϵˣС
ةฮĹײӦȥةฮǣ
ʳҪĻܵǿԸ͵аȥϹаЦ˵߹ơ
ϹվͦΡߴ쳣Ķ͡վǹ̩ɽ塢Ʊ糱ˮ㳯Ϲӿ
ûɺﻻһֽԼ飬ԭԭһֲʣϹһſڣϹɫɫ
֣ǲǻֻѾˣ㻹ҪܽʲôϹҲվƥ̵ŭ⣬һ˫ĵһĨɱ⡣
֮ȥˣ֪ˣϹϹעӣǺιһ㣬˻Ҫڶ˵Щʲô˰ɣ
Ϲ仰еȴǽ˽֣ܲ˵ʲô
Уȥɽׯʱ䣬Ѿ˽ɺ鴦ˣ֣㾡ȥ˵ϹЦԽаȡ
ôһֱϹסѱ
ֲˣû֤ϹҪƾЩ֤ͽ⵹ǲܵġ
пܻᱻݺ
ȻҲˡ
㴦ĻǵĽֻӱŪߣΪҪΨһ֤԰ɣϹٺƽȴ˲ɵһݡ
ϹȴƿаЦ˵Ļأ
ǲܳ˽ֻߵġ
ܣȻôϲǾͰغˣϹɫˮĴȻһĨڻ޶аȵЦգǵͳƵɤ޶һɽšѹ֮С
Ѿĥ꣬Ҳ⼸ˣϹĵĴḧ˸Ū䣬ֵĮĿڵỨκ˼ȥģתὫļƻǰ
ܣñʱɺ׽͸ʵɺãϹ͵͵ģһһ䶼ôݡ
ȻϹȴǸӵ߬˲е֣糺ĴţĺҲ˫ұ
һֽԼ飬ѾˣɺһŵģϹ̧֣ᵯ˵ڼϵĻҳ
ϹӲĴǶ˶Ц֣ܹ壬λÿǷĪˣǡÿ𣿡
Ҫ壬ɲֹǰѾԾĹ֮䣬Ҫǣ̸ף
ܵĻǿ϶ǲܣǱȴδˣϹ˵仰޳˫ȣһϮīɫĽҷڵأۻ롢֮ŨҵĴϹɢ
ֱúԵˣԽֵ̿ͷ˫ŸǲʹĴŲ
ϹӰȫʧϹǰʱϹһ¾ͽϵĲ豭ˤڵأͷһ͹һ˫׺֮
ϹҪ壬Ҫ׽ɺֱǳ룡
̶ʱ䣬ȴ˴ת
ԭʬͲֻģֻû˭Ҳֻ֪ʧǿ϶ˡ
˾ȵǣһ飬ֻհϹȴûɳһһȥѰʧٵֻ
תÿջʹӪһߵıƲûнֻʧ·һ㡣
۷׷׵һº󣬻ʹĳķϵأһž޴ĻҹɫкȻը죬ԭһ½ڻĵϵլԺ˲ͱΪƽء
վڼ֮ĻԼСԱĿɿڴһ𾪶ִ㵵ĿǰһĻ
ûûˣϵ۾νǵɵôģ㵵ֱӶ˵һĻôһڴСС򣬾½լԺһѷ棿ǣʣЩʱһֱҹߵоڻҩС򷢻ӵһƳһֿ԰󵽼ϵըҩȻûڻҩ󣬵
ȴԶԵСΧ˺ŵɫƵϹŻ
ֻҪڻҩ򸸻ʱ֤ڼ壬׽ɺԼ峤Ϲеǹɰĺݾֱڳÿ𺳡
ϹսʤүֱսΪսġ
Ϲһ״ο֮æһϹ޹Ȼûп㣬ˣ;ƣ
˶ղŵıըУչҲ
ڻҩֱ֮
Ψм¶ɫϹô㣬һὫһڽ¡
Ϲɫֱѿһ亹
£ϹȻҪµʱͽ𣬲һ׽Ŀɺ峤
֮ᶨšûκһȥɡ
޴ĺڻҩټϹ׿Խľ²ܡ
Ȼᱻ
ֻҪϹ׽ɺõһֽ飬ϹȻڸǰһͨѹı
ԸֻҪȷһʧĵϻλѡ
ǵǸʱеʶˡ
ҪĸҲܵǣУԲϹȥ壬ȥҲϹ׽ɺԼõǷһֽ顣

164 ĸǸ

ܣһֱμӱͻĻ񣬵ڿܿܲμӲˣϹ֪ʱϹߡ
ҡĵӰ˵ӰӳڴʯĵϣֻȥǵϵӰӣȴҲܹ̽˸ֱ
ϹµۻƣڵϳӰһࡣ
Ϲ̧еֽսʱЩӲֱͦһϹ糺Ĵ΢֣벻㾹Ȼö̶һµʱо޴Ϊ˻ĻܻƳ޴;أϹĮϹϣĴһһϣÿһֶһһݺݵ
ļһֱĶǳףСһʱպȥ塣ܣȴɹñı˼ƻֻȹ壬ȻӭȢһɯ黪ұЦϹ
Ĵ߻Ŷζ
Ϲ꣬߹¶һĨȻ漴޵üǳܾף쿪ʤض飡
ҹŨīķ֦дɢϹɫĽۣһµҹϹǰү֮Ѿˣ
˵ʲôϹΪ˾ƵԵʣұǹƵҫԽȣˡ
ȻϢһ±
«έطѾˣҲûˣ±ڸѰһһڳ˰֮ʬ壡ҹһķ糾ͣԴЩƣ
ȷǸǰ֮ʬ壿ϹЩţһֱΪ֮ûϵǵıа˷֣û뵽֮ȻѾˡǣ¿ȷǾʬǰ֮ڰ֮һ˿ڣһǺĲλһѼǲ°֮ϵһɾ䣬ڼΪ
ıҹ˵ʱӲɵС
ֵºǧ½֣⽣ǧõǰѣкǰѶ̼аһӹõļϹһ˫޵ĽüʱȻšһ֣ü֮ȻȾһ˿ΣյĺۼĬãŻĵĲ²ûĻǾ˵аͷ˱ļı
ڱʵʩƻʱ򣬽֮ɱˣֻаУ
ǣҹѹɤ˵һ䡣
һĺϹұķļһ̱ü
֨֨ͷͷ֮ĦϹз
Ȼһӵʱ䣬ϹȴͻȻı뷨
Ϲ֪һеĻ͸Ӧý֮ŲŶԣΪʲôҪɱ˰֮أ
Ű֮Ͼֶһİѱ
ǵϹ벻
Ŀȷǰ֮𣿡Ϲһγʵ
ǣ¿ȷҹشʮּᶨɱ֮˭¾Ͳ¿Կ϶ɱһǸ书֣
ȥɣϹתǻƵӳϣһƬݡ
֮ܰǲϹɱģϹˣΪʹĿǰϹѾҪˣ
Ϊ˵Ǹ۷λãѾʼɨǰϰˡ
ʺӺݻڹϣƷŸմ֦֮͹֦ɫĴŵһǣȷʵǲˣĸ취аǰȥʱ䣬ң֮ǰΪҪ¶ػǧ湫պһ˽ǾڼƻҪɹʱǧ湫ȴˣҹ
па֣֮ϹڻʺǰͦñֱϵɫһƬء
ʺ⣬֣ڵĹ˷׷׹˳ȥ
һڣĸµǿɢôڵаѾȫ뱾ƿˣҲϹǰ¶̫©ûаһʼûд㽫ѱ߻ϣǴ㽫ѱ浽󻯡ԣ㰲ǧ湫ӽӽֻʱϹѾ֪ˣ壬õһֽ
飬Լֻ֤ʣĸĻٲ֮أʺ˵ţ澫µ϶üһ¡
ϹһԽ̫СϹˣȻ˴Ұģ
ֻһֱһŮˣɱ˵۾ѣ
˶֪һǧų֣һȫΪӭȢŮˡ
ĸûж೤ʱˣڲκεжǲдκż֪ͨǱߣаһ˲˶Ŷ͵ŶмأϹüĿ
ǸųܵϹѾģĲУҲУڶкƽӹ
˭뵽̶ʱ䣬ȻܴһֻСѼѱɷˡ
ıԳڣ˼ĿԶ
һȴѾ
ڶûпϹֱĿϹϹ뵽⣬üͷȴԽˣ漴һɻ󣺡ĸ󣬶һ²аڶʮ֮ǰ涼ֵʮֵƽӹȲϻۣҲøʵġΪʱ䣬ȴܹ
а˵㡢ڣ
Ϲֱ̥һĴڡ
ʴϹؾǵһ쿪ʼˣı֣ȴÿķڷ
аСʱȷһԣӱĺӡԴһӼɽˤ֮󣬱ʧȥǷݴӱԣʺƵһϺõë衣
ϹŬȥ룬ʲôʱ飬ǸʱпܻСԶһӡûС
Ժпǳ˸ıǸӱָԵĺӻˣʺĵ˵ţмĲĺݶ
Ϲʹȥͷ̧ڹϵĻʺصĺ壬ȻѾˡ
£֪Ҳûʺ˵֪ǰǸųƽӹӣԼڴǣıԳڵа
ʺ˵ĴǣɵаȹϹұ㶣ű˲Ȼ
ĸ󣬶һֱڲĿģϹԵ˵ţҪϹһֱȥԽǱֵ׿ԽհԽģʺ仰ֻ΢΢˹¶һĨ߹ŵЦ⣬Ȼ˫ȴݣϹʱˣϴͳһĿףټֻݣƾһϹ
ֵ壬ͿԶ϶Ϲ𣿡
˭֪ϹѾˣϵֱ˼ȥ˾ӵݻʺ˵꣬Ϲصɫ˲¶һĨЦĸʵǸߡаǲӣֻҪøаӾУΪºͣһĹѫΣֻҪѪ͵

165 ֪ô

ʺ꣬ǻһĨζЦ⣺ٹ¾һһȵˣ֪Ҫôɣ
Ϲһ£̵ףУһаӵ֤ݳ
ţôϹ֮ȥ壬ͽɣԻʺ˵ֱСһ
ҪսҲֻгһս޲ʤа֮ս²΢ͣЪ
ֻҪù飬ԼϹô껹δμӹΪڣûϽϹھǡ
ûлϵϹս޲ʤսҲֻܹԹԵĴھǡү֮ǧ湫ӣԽԼκ˵òҪҵѡڽǱߣһֱ˽ţȴһֱûκεϢأҲԤϵܻᱻү
ôʱû֮ϵǧ±ͦվϹǰһһʮš
Ϲ̫ʦϣɫ䵽Ϲɫϣһ⡣
ųɽţɫˮĴҲ΢΢š
˵ֽͻҩͶУҪٵʱ䣬Ҳһ棬Թֻ飡ϹģĮζ
ϹĴֹճһĨζǼھñ壬Ҳǲȥģ
ʱһԸϹ̴ʱ̧ͷɫĵүһϷʱ书Ҳָˣǽյ󡭡ȴϷ򲻸˵
ʲô˼Ϲһ
үϷҲ֪ʲôطǴϿ书Ƕʱǻָ˵ģ̴ɫһƬء
ϹڵɫҲһ±ֻƿĵ֮ˡ
̴һүӦøйأүԼ֪ʹСһҹǧоһӿȻ΢ȴ˵үڻָģǺҲ֪Ϊʲôǧ¾
Ҳûиоˣ
̴˵꣬վһԵǧҲæ˵ǵģүڴСˮõʱСʱ򣡡
Ϲڽ˿ľϵ֣΢΢ս漴Цѵ˵书ڶûлָǸֻйأ
үɷϷǶڼεģΣֻҲɣү书˵ָͻָ
ֻ˵ֻǣү˭ָ֪书Ҳͬ
ϹȴǴ̫ʦվɫлһĨ⣺֣
˵꣬Ϲ޳˫ȣ˫֣Ȼ˳ȥ
ֻǧ¡̴Ͳվš
ү̫ѹԼˣϲСģȴֲԸϣǿԼȥϲС㡣벻ɵ̾һ˫ˮ۵С촽εľ
ǧµĺȴɨ룺үôܻϲŮˣ
˻һүǲϲС㣬үʹС˯ͬһŴֲǲ֪ɳǵʱү˶Ůˣֻ˶Ŵ
ǧȴֻ亮ĹһĨǣа˵ʲôôͲ˵ֱӣһҪǧ¸ɼܵļƣڱɽׯʱҹү˯ʱŴСȥүûнСϳȥôС˯
ԷǧɲһܹеĴ̴ۿ˾ҪˣæվмȰܣˣˣүʲô£ǾͲҪȥ²ˡҪǸϽүָ书ȻԳһС
ʲôΣա
һʱ̶үߣүκΣգǧԴ˵ţǰһ۲롣
Ҳʾĵ˻ȥ
빫ͣЩɣҪǱǧ´ˣүûʱʵģ̴εҡͷһĵӡ
Դ֮üƺһ֮ţǾǧ²Ҵ
Ϲص㽫Լһ˹ؿڵλͳöӡвͬɫԲؿȵ¶ȡ
һ㣬ڶֱӴˣϹƿĮĻһ˿¶ȣеöԲ˵ҽһ֮Ҹô죿
öԲȻ¶ȣȴվһܿڻشϹ⡣
ǣˣϹһοڵ뵽Уǲкýģ
ŮˣҲֻ³ϹԲУĿš
Բһ㣬зյʱ˵öԲҲףһ׵ĳòΪʲôȴһôݶģϹſϣǱšͦεȴԵƣֱܹһ
ĵжã
Ϲ˵仰ʱǺ޵ģܺޣܺޣֱ뵽˹С
ĺ޲ýֻòٵô޳ܡ䲻ˮò
аʼնûǰȥѰֻةฮȴһ¡
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Ϊֻݷ㣬ûһ
ܾٿһЩĻͿ϶ץסС֡
ˣǣһݷջͱܼҽе鷿׼ةȴǵݸݷһֽ
úչةõͳص˵
ݷ㶣ֽſһةݣЩʲô
̵ף
㽫ֽҡҷǰջˣ
ة࿴ݷӰʧɫУ¶һĨظ顣
֮ʵݣֻ͸ˣŻհ֮Ϊѧ
ǸŮһ˫Ϸƭ˽Ҳаƭˣ
ݷİ£ԺȫµҲҲõĻаܵ˺
аͻ֮飬еһжˣ
ةɫȴûпȥôܣǺڵǸûϹĻԼ
ûǼ飬ڵһлȫȻͬ
϶úҸ
ֻǧµĻ˹һֱţ¿ȻٶȻʮֵĵ
ǧȴǷǳȷġ
Ϊһܹģ·Ŀʵ̫ˡ
һ£Ϊ˽⣬Գ˲ٵĿ࣬һ·Сġ
Ҳûзʲô顣
ͨ뺣ڵĿĵءһɽˮСɽ壬ȴҲƫƧ㹻ܹ˽⵽ѶϢȴҲܹȻĶ

166 滨

ⲻ滨𣿡ֻս壬һľĸŮ˰֮󣬱˵
ֻͷϹһɫСϴŵõ黨ϳԼֻɫҲʮֵȻæӦǣǣ滨
ϣ滨㲻Ǽ޵ˮȥզôأأһֻòûжı仯ߺƸһЩҲһЩ
ֻ仰Ĩᣬһı飬ȻǵʹȥĴǣȴǲɵ
ڵգݣϪˮ֤
ϹҵһֻҪҺû꣬Ϲô飬ܽ
Ϊһ˵ݻţһж͵ͨ
ȫûŪͨ뺣һǧΡһζܲϹġ
Ūһαͨ뺸ˣܹ˳ӳǡ
ļƻ֮ȴһͨ뺡
ݵѾˣҲ޹ʣֻҪܹ˵ϢԼסַС
һʼϣֻͨ뺣ߵԽԶԽõġ
ζ뵽Ȼص˵Ĺ硣
滨ʱĸû¾Ⱦϲˣ滨һֱ͸Ϊ
滨ȾزǡԶڰ֮˵ףҸĲʮֵķ񣬿˵ˣϱȥź˵ĸ׵ġ
Ϊ滨ͱ˱ȥļҹҲԸޣ
ֻǰͰªéݷԺҲģ˵Ĳ˵ȴӲݡ
ԴӸȥ󣬴˾Ͱæ滨ĸˣټϸԭһˣֵǮĶһޱҲˡ
ڳʱеΣյé֮⣬Ҳûʲôˡ滨СҲǸˣ̾һ滨㱻żҵ˸ϳˣΨһȥҲֻССéˡգҼˣݶޣһҸõ
ӰȴպŹɣ
֮ҲԣҼһΪÿÿػսҵѾ궼ûд·ˡ
Ǻ滨ĺӣİﲻ˰
ֻ⻰ͷһƬ޿κεЦ⣬éʵ̫ª֮⣬ͦϲ֮ġ
ĵλãǰ治ԶһɽСϪСϪ˲ٵĹȥʱһƬï
Ϊ滨ĸ˵Եʣé˼Ҳǽš
ǿԼĸ˿ռ䡣
ʱһαһ¹ȥˣȵѾʼתˣڼ䣬ֻԼҵķ֮⣬һֱģشʱ䡣
Ҵ滨֮ǰĺܺõСÿ׳˲й滨Ըϰԡ
ȻҪıǾѧ֮ķԡ
ԾɶֻŻɣΪ滨СƶԸͷߣ紵ɹƤȻҲֲܴڡ
ֻȴһܺõĽֻͣ˵ˮصʱΪԱһֱһѧҽԲʶü֣ʶʮҩģһһӡ
ǳ˺ܹ˳ߣƤõҩӡ
˶Ϊ棬ҲδĹﶼֻҪӡ
һʱ䣬ֻﵹǳһܻӭˡ
Դ֮ҲҩΪ
ȥҩڽʵҩõȥÿζҪϲܻ
滨òһͨͨĴòʮֵƽӹ
ЩĹǲܱȡ
κֻ硢ôĴֲҲڸǲˡ
ټļ·ܵɫɫĹУһ۾ϳ
ǲ棬ӱȥĻΪǸ񡢿˵ˡ
ֻÿνҩʱȻһЩƦåĿ⡣
еļʵò󣬱ֱʧ뿪ˡ
ЩȴǾСʵڲⲻ˵ЩϷһ
ֻأֻҪԷ̫Ͻͷ뿪
ϾڿǷǳʱڣܵ͵͵͵ҪΪԼĵԭϹϳˣǵ³һѪ
ǽգֻȴһȽϹ֣Ѳˡ
СӣõĺðġаĻһŻӿ˵Ƿ۹ȴֻؿϣ롣
ֻʹͷҪһƹȥǶԷȴֱֻֽסˡ
СӣүȥȱΣͷ˵űҪ§סֻ
ֻȴһתҪһߡ
ǷͷߵЩСȴǽֻµʵ
ֻҪүһϣʮӾˣӣһֻĸǰһЦ˵ţĿǺֻܻǵɨš
ֻǰʮӣĴĹһ¡
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ѽǴ¥ġֻĻ䣬˱ϵЦתһֻԶԶġ
ǻߣͷһɨ˵ӣҲ˵һɽСôأԭ¥ġ
ֻ˴С뿪ϹһĨЦ
Ҫ뽫ִϹʲô
϶ֱӾһȥˣֱӷϵ
Ļ˵ԻĻöԷ֪Ѷأ
ֻ첽ĳСǵĹǰȥ֮ƵĽǣ֪ǱôˣϹûз飬֪֪һеĻǽ
ȻֻΪһҪ飬Ǿǵһˣ
ûãԭ͵֮һЦԷǵ顣
ǾĳһգֻԼͬɩɩһͬȥϼһɵ֣ĵĸһԵġ
ɵӾһ·ֻص֮壬ɩɩôôϣɵӾǲߡ
ǴˣɵӴһ٣ɵӻǲߡ
ϣ˯ڴǿô£˾ͺȵˮ˾ԸժӳԣҲûʲôô顣
ɵÿÿֻţԶԶĸţŰֻɻ翳ˮʲôġ
ֻɽȥҩʱɵҲȥֻɡһ춼ˣ˼ˣɵȻɵ˵ܹҲûж⣬ûʲô͵ϷŮ۸С顣

167 㻹û˭

ĳҲͦõġ
㿪ʼȰֻˣǸѸżҵ˸ϳˣɵȻɵ˵ĲŰɻ
Ҫ޸ɵӣһһ˵Ҳùôˡ
ǵʱɵӸ棬ЩåƦܹһЩˡ
ֻǲԸӦ滨ǰĽñĵȰɵѾͷ˵ǸѸҪټ޸ˣǲܵˡ޳ȥˣż㵱ţģ㵱˿ɷһ
㲻˳۾Ͷ㶯֣ίĺܡ
ǰ޸ɵӣôɵ֪ɻԺҩȥСҲܹȥ滨Сã÷ӱȰ˵
滨СéҪ·ˣ֮ǰǴ˰æŪģϹηꡢѩʲôģݶŪˣҿһŮ˼Ҫô죿ֱӿʼ˵ˡ
ֻҲĶˣߺͷͬˡ
ɵӾͱ˴ȥϴһڴ峤ļ֤£סСéݡ
ݷ㣬ЩίˣЩҩϱӶ˿ڲɣϣҹɫ˶Ϩ˵ƣΨСéﻹһյ΢⡣
ݷӹֻݹҩ࣬һнģС㣬Ӧģ
̧ͷխéݣɵĵСЩӣסֵط
éǱȲש߷
ݷҲǵһμǽéݴķӡ
ֻһЩʳݷĸǰиõѡ񣬵ȴȫģԸԵ࣬Ҳ빦һ񣡡
ϹŵĿǶʮȨ
ףһúչ˴С㣬ôСֿܰġգ±ȥɽϿ½ʵľݣݷݵ˸һĨܡ
һūŶûסַӣһةฮǧȴҪĿ
ϵƤģֻȴǿݷİʵ
ة˸ҵģһǳǧ湫֣֮ݷʵ
ֻȴһЦû뵽ҪĻҪȫ
Ǹǧ湫ӻΪеһжƿ֮УȻʵ벶ȸں
ةุŮݺݵһѡ
С㣬ǲߣֻܡʹСһ취ݷ˵⻰ʱɫЩȻŻﶼЩӲ
ֻ취ʱǺݺݵһȻֻڶѡǾаŮװ
ֻݷϵı飬ǧ湫Ƥ߾ǲһҪһƤʵˣϸڷ洦úܺá
Ȼܹ͸һƤ߿ݷϵɬءڴҾһѸ˵һѸҪһĭҲýţҪϲǸСȥ׷ֻϵģȹһ꣬
СȥˣҾͻ뿪ֻѾһд㣬Ϊݵģ¹ȥˣͿ¿ʼˡ
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ϹȻ֪Ǿʬ岻ǶʧٵϢôܲأ
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ݷ˵Ϲ϶ڽУ˳ȥͽͣϹӦ߳ýԼ˵
ү֪ºûжҵֻʵûУةһֱ뽫˻ȥаȴһֱգ˵ֻҪһشССףǻ˻ʬ壡ݷҲſϵҩģֻ˲
ش
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Һֻһģһ֮¶Լʵòܲδаͽ˶ҹ
ԡһʱУԼƳҺ
ȻҪôǱϹץߣҪôǱϹҵ
С㣬ة˵˼ߵԽԶԽã뿪ݷ㽫ة˵˼תֻ
ֻȴǽûõģүȻҵ˵Щ˵Ҫǲҵʬ壬ͻһֱȥ
ǴСԺֻһֱȥݷ̾һ΢£̧˫忡ӿֻϵɫɴһЩȻ
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С㣬үҲڽỨѾȥ㣬ǵȵ꣬үҪȥˣʱүȻûôʱȥѰҴСˡݷɤȰοֻ˵ֻȴҡͷһү֪ҲڽеĻǲѰҵġĵλԽߣȨԽѰҵ˱ҲԽ࣬Ҿеһ̣βҲ²ȥ
ңǾԲݵģûϵǽͷȻֱһһɡˣһӶĿʾ£ֻ˵ţ˵껹ݷƤգգ۾Ҫίݷˣ
ģ֮꣬󣬲ΣҶҪ뿪
ʮ꣬ҲŶʮһǴõഺ껪
СɽһӣһӵĴ帾ϹһΪԼڶǿԹ
ة˵µµة˺Сģ˵꣬һҲԸ׷ڴСߣݷֳϿҵ˵ţʮֵĴ
һӣĪҪҳףֻЦ˵š
ݷɫٴ¶һĨȻⲻȥֻ²ңϴСǧ֮ˣЩϢɣþһľݳȻҪ˯һֻһƿ߽ڣֶݷ˵ɫʮֵ棺ݷ㣬㵽ڻ
벻ǰ𣿡ݷɹ˼Ķֻ˵ûУ¶ǰһ벻

168 ʱ˭

ʱһЩֵֹΣ
ʲôֵֹΣֻһü
ݷҲ꣬Ϊпָܻ䣬ָ֪֮˭ˡ
ݷü¾ῴһµʮһѽվɽС
Ȼأ
¹ʬ壬ǸѹݷЩѵ˵ţɫҲʱó
㿴Ǹ𣿡ȻǸӦ
ٺܾ¡ұһŮ˵֮ݷ˵
γ̫ˣǵú
ÿҲֻôһζѣ
ֻӣ˴ϡ
پ¡ұһŮ˵֮
˿϶ݷ㣬Ǳˣ
֪ˣ˵һЩʱȴǺȡ
ΪɽϵȪˮþֻǰСϪֱֻݷ㽫ľͷȪˮУԸ˳ˮƮȥУһʡ˲ٵʱ䡣
ֻéݺܿͱľݸˣʣľľ˴ľɼҾӣݷһԴ֡
ۿ·ӣ¼ҾһɣԺһСͤͤϹһҡΣרŸֻҹʱõģҲɹɹ̫
󡭡С㣬ԼϴһɫûȫֻŹǷϿ߳˴š
ݷһϵϵһֻܵĸǰҪֻӣС㣬ҵ·Լϴ
ֻȴǺ⣺ˣ㻹ȥˮȥɣ
ǡҡݷ㿴Լ·ֻ·һʮֵĲڡ
ֻҲϵķޣǰҪúðݺˡ
Ȼ·Ͱϴˡ
ѾʲôСˣͲҪڽҴСˣֻƵ˵ţſִһǷȥϴ·ȥˡ
ȴֺܳʵкܶҪǵϣɫһڣȫ嶼žˣһĹͼѼ֮⣬żᴫӵĿ
Ϊĺг
ʱֻ룬һﵹҲ
ϸһãֻȴһɽˮ㣬˽ܵСϿһҽݣֶеš
ⲻæʱһ̫£һɹ̫һߣèŽֵ߹ĿŮڴڣϷһ
ϱεַĽͷԵСԣ뿴Ϸͱݣֻ߽һ¥һŹһű˴ţ
һ£ûκ˿Թܵ
ֻվһʯϣŽŹҷеһҩһԺʱ
Ǵɤű𣺡滨㻹Ͻȥ˶״ͷʯͷϵȥأ
ϾͻأҲҩͻأֻͷҲصһ䣬֮ԽŬȥҷϵҩˡ
ݷڵȥѾ˷ȥء
ַֻһѾȴǹҷϵҩ
ɵҩǿҺҩݡ
աһֱֻͻȻһ󼲷Ϯ֮ҷеĲҩ㱻һѶСϸĶ̼
ôֻǰ䡣
ֻǶʯеĶ̼ɵɫ˲һߣ漴ѸٵĻعͷ
ȴһƬܵľŨӲ֮⣬ûκˡ
ֻ̧ʱȴһԶɽվĨ޳ͦεӰ
ɫϡϡӰͶɽϵӰϣɫϷһĨ
ֻ˲ᵽɤֻۣһ˻ɫߣ
ǾϹ
˵վϹԵӰ϶ǧˡ
ֻŵɫһĨɻ
ڰǰݷ㻹ԭڻʼԳٰԣȴΪĵɽС
ֻɽվ෱࣬ܿߵͼ;Ʒζ
аȴҪڱලҩΪɣ˳ⳡԱ
һҲͦģԳϳ۳ңϹϣսϰսʤŷɥ
ȴָһɽϹ
ѵϹǾμⳡ
ǡ֪٣
ֻûڶȥϵҩ뱳¨֮󣬱ɽ
Ϲվɽϣ±ᾣ͵ľʯ֣Ų͵ɽ壬׿Խۻ룬˫ҹ˫ͫŽһƬ͵ֵļɽ壬һƬɲ⡣
ãԵǧ²ſڵүεǺʹСмƣǲǴС㣡
ϹջԶ⣬ĳղŵǸȥĴţ·űɫ
ǣȷǣԶıӰֻЩѣǵתͷʱòֻòǧ֮
ֻΪһǧС㣬ȻڽŰȴҲС鲽ߵģһִСɵϰߣһʱǸĲ˵ġ
ŮȴǺȻĿŴӣ˦ֱߣûһе뾫¡
׶Ǽ˵ģҩҪȥ
ܳϹ˵һ䡣
ת뿪ˣֻڴ̵һĨصīɫӰ
ǧ³ֻ뿪ɽ·һۣûκεı顣
ǵģܳôʱ䣬ѾѾ˽ꡣ
ֻɽʱݷɽˡ
ֱֻߵݷĸǰݷ㳯ɽߣһֱòü͵˵Ҹղżүˣݷɫһ䣬׼˵ֻּվһɽϣҲ֪ˣֿҶáʼչҷϵһҩʱһö̼˹ҩ
ֱʱҲŷǣ
ǸϽ뿪ɣݷ侲˵ţʵ˵쳣Ŀ졣
ֻ֪үΪʲôֻһֱŬĻɽϵʱû˵Ϲɵͻ
УϹ϶ԼھߣȻܱȵù˼ѵصľ
ûУ͸Ӳˣһ߲͵ڸϹֻ𣿡֮λɽɽ£֮忿ɽͨģүɽ壬пΣΪ׼ġүΪʲôμⳡԣҾͲ֪ˣݷ侲
ķš
˵ĲҪӿ죬ȴֽĿٶȣϹѾ˸±
͵ʲô鶼ûзɣֻƽܹǶ㲻ģıүֵĻ͸Ͻ߰ɣֻ˵

169 ֻӦ¥

үɱңǿ϶ɱ㣬ةฮˣҲڽҵˣֻʮ˵š
еһһ˳еš֣ôѡطɣ֪ϤεʱûʲôһɫѵϹ߹߽Ϲ΢˸һĴ΢΢ķ
һĨȻĻȡ
Ϲ⣬ḧŪֵĹػͳֵĮĴӱĴ³ҹŻʳܹøʽʱĵϣǲȤ
ʱͿǵջ󣬻ЩջˣϹϳβƵ˵š
Ȼǿƽȴÿһÿһ䶼һε֮
Ϲ糺ĴǲɵṴһ£֣ԱѰһ̼ͿģҪĵȻܹøʿģ
ϹŤһ²ڼžķзһ죺ܣԹ㻹ʲôӱİ취𣿡
˵˵ɫϹı΢һ⻨ʢڴһ㣬侧Ө͸ȴ͸һʴǵĺ䡣
ϹɫѸٵĻһĨ⣬̶ߵϹǰֱͦ˱֣֮Ѿˣ
Ϲ˵תͷϹĵһ˲˲ϹҹͫС
ϹһƬƽû˿Ĳ
ǧ湫䰮ƣǻõģܾЩɱ¿жĥˣеǼΪģԺ˭أϹɱǧ湫ƺе顣
ϹȻûжķӦ
Ϲȴһ֣ɱ㣡
䣬ϹĮϵϹϡ
µˣܻҪһڱͷϣϹЦ˵˵ܴǧ湫ӵұѰ𣿡
ܣ£罫ͻصаҲõı׽ɺˣϹƽֵĮ˵š
ߣϹȴٴһϺڲڳܵУﲻӦñ˭𣿡
ϹüڱǲѵةฮǶѵңǻԼһˣϹϹһֱ֣ȵƣܹ˴ûͨ뺣һŮǰ۵òƻ
ûǾͱ˸¥
ϹϹɭףһƬȴϹû˵ѡ˵Щʱڵɫ䲻ıһĨŭ⡣
֣Ĳ𣿡Ϲɵٴοʵٱζһ˫ķֱϹ⡣
ϹҲֻҹֱϹĴ٬ţһĻߡ
ƾ϶ϹϷװ޹
ϹĲ²Ҳ߰˷֣ȴȻ󡢿ϾȻ¶һĨЦգһñͽŵԽĹ֣ĲϵĻҪȥ¥һˣȥةҪˣϹ˵괽ǵЦݱĶҹԸȥة
κη紵ݶ֪ͨ
ǧ湫óݣ书ȴãֻЩèĹѣƭƭδСﵹǿԡ
Ҳֻܹɱǧ湫ӣϹƶΪةӦʶǧ湫ӵˣԽƾͼơ
ֻɹӳʱ򣬱㽫ǧ湫Ӹɱˡ
ֻӦñة˵˴һܰȫĵط
ϹϹȥľӰҹ΢΢漴תĲ룺ȥ
ǡԴɬü¡
Դֻʧ֮ͱһֱϹߣɽҲ⡣
̨׵ʱǧȴվƾĿϡ
ͨŪģߵǧʱ͵͵㴫ĶУȻǧµȴ˱𴦡
һ£̶ǡ
ûͨ뺣˹ǵģǧ½ſڵ
ȻҪߣ϶׼ͨ뺣һζǧѣɫȥƽϸĻᷢһ˿ԵĲȻ
㲻֪ʲôط𣿡ǧ¼ʵ
ȻȥǧµĿӴĵͷǣ
ǧû˵ת½ż⣬Ũܵʧˡ
Щҫ۵ϣһֱ߽ڣȻ󲻼
ǧڱǰ㣬ǸȵˣովڴߵϹϹ㵭ĿڵƽһĶŵһʫʵ˼һ㡣
ʹͷվһԲ˵֪Ϲ仰ʲô˼˱ɽׯ֮󣬱ÿ춼ҹɫڳԡӾϹ߳˵̧˫ųɽ׾䲻Ķӣһǿ֮
㳯ϯֱÿë׷һ󺮲
̻˻Ӿ𣿡
һƽֵĮĻעһ㣬ʶ̧ͷϹȥүǴСδ¹ˮֻһԿţҲԷʱ򣬴СȥһΣС㲻һֱүһ𣿡˵Щ
ʵȻѾүʼԼˣүȴǻɴˡ
СӾұĹرĳҲΪʲôСܹ˳εΣҲҵԭ
˵Ǽ֮飡ϹĴƵаȡ
תһ£ű˵ү֮СһֱԷûгȥ
һֱǱԩģʹ𣿡Ϲɺ񵭣죬һ磬ǹ˵ȴޱȣǰ˵ʲô
¶˾İຣϹ⣬һһĴмһ仰̹ɫЩңȴ˵үôңһֱС㣬ǴС㵱ıѺƭүɳܾ尾ģСȻǿ֮Ҳ
пɺ޵ĵطΪүĲôȥСܣ
ͲǱĲˣǻϹֻĵ˵һ䣬纮Įϣû˵ϾеѾƺˣºȴҵ˻ҷﲻֻʲôץסֵֻ£ûѡץס
ˮʲôطʱȴװûѾҵ˸մӺˮϰֻȴѡ˷ߡ

170 û

ڵϣʹȥһƬңȴɻǿװ򶨡
ү˲Ҫǧأ
ǧүεˣҪү֪ǧҲеĻү϶׵ƹǧµġ
үûУ
֮ʬ屻ҵˣ˵кĵطǾӢеĶ̼Ϲ˵ţɫ߷һĨĹ⣬īϬ
ڵϵһϸСϸڶûӹϹ˫
ʱҪɱ˰ֻ֮˵ɱΪ֮Ҫ˵ĻǱ߾ͻᷢүܻѵ֮ʬ塣
ǰ֮ôأʱֻߺǧҲˣһߵġ
ûɱ֮ǽ֮ϵ·ߡ
еɻͻҽ֯һ֪ȥ˼ү϶ܴĻҳүûйߴС㣬Сˮ֮±һֱˮѰңѰ֮µѾ͸֧ˣڴĵĲ²ǿߣǿԼ侲Ҳ
ԼĻشûκɡ
Ϲȴа˫Ŀץ°ڵ֣ӼᶨϹĲ²⣺˵ѵʱܻһЩСȥڸǣЩǧӦûн̹ɣ
Ϲһ仰һ˼һƬң󱳵ı͵һҲ֪ںʱ͸һϸܵĺˮ
Լ˵Ǳǧ㣡Ϲֽ˵ǿƵĮȴѾ˵ɤˡ
ǿ༸Ҫˣһǣ֮ɱģҲ°СӳȥġС֪֮ǽˣ
ԼһߵģϹڿеĵѹϢ
ǣҧҧ¸ߴС㣬˳ǾͲҪΪĿܴ󣬺ױ֣
ϹϵͻȻһսϸ΢ĹǽĦĴĶеģֱͷ亹ٵĻǼ⣬Ȼʯĵϡ
ǲǻ˰֮ҺΪŭϹȥƽ
²֪֪˵ȥֻ϶ᱻүҵġ
Ҳ¶ģ͸¶ֻİ١
Ҫڱүץȥ׹ʮ˲óˡ
˵ϹӴб綬ѩɵķ⣬ݺݵĲλү²ѣҲ͸¶ֻİ٣ֱӽԼľĸ˳һֱŵӣҲʱᶨ̧𣬴ʱϵ亹ѾѴʪ
͸˵һ仰ʱͻȻһ
ϹվɢΣϢֱӿ岻ܿƵĶ
ʲôʱ뷨ģϹֻվǰȴȻ񾪾嵽ʲôʱģСӦڱүԩԺ뷨һϹëգһ£ȴ̧ͷϹ֪ôүͣ
үĻΪݶСģ
ԩݣϹʣǲɵһĨЦĻȣóͬ飬װһֱÿƭҲɹĿƭ㣡
û뵽үУֻȻģ
ƶְٿĪֻȻүĿгΪһԵݵĿơ
ͣǵȴ־ûǸҪˡ
үѾȫŭͺɱ˫ۡ
Ҫ£һƯķսñԭ֮ǰΪһսˣѡӣϹʼնᶨ뷨Ʋ⡣
ֻû˵пƲסɱˣ
һܼ򵥵Ķ¼ȴΪֻ֮ǰү֣үᶨվߣΪһжֻΪϹԭ£߻һı
ϲүģԾҩֻʹģȻֻ·үķСүСͶ˵ûõģΪүǸҩǶСģҲǲŵ޺ĶСΪ˺үһ𣬶СΣүķУ
ϹУһľ֮ǰǸ˼ܵаȥˣ
κδ۸ӵүǰүһۿƣֱؼ֮
ս޲ʤŷɥսү
ս޲ʤսүȴǰΪһЦС㲻ߵģǱүߵģ񼸺ȫ˵һ仰Сǰ˵һ仰˵һүޣ𾴵аˣ
үҪĻֻҪүڹͨһΪͻصүߣ
˵ؼĻʱһ¾ͣס죬Ҫǽĸ˵Ļǲ͵ֻͶ
ڹͨһΪʲôˣϹ仰ʶ˫Ϭʵ
үҲ˵ģҲү뵽־أʱһֹͣ塣
֪ᷢʲôѾ׼ҲὫĸ˵
ǧ£ϹȴʱͻһһһӰſڣǴǰڵס˴롣
ˣ㴦ðɣϹһվµӰ
ǣǧ׵
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ϹͻȻؿԼɱѰֻϢڶ̶һʱڱ㴫˾ǣԽóԹȺڲˡ
ͬǱ߽ǱҲûţһѰȻֻܰѰҡ
Ϳ˭ܹҵֻˡ
ҽ͵͵ķųϢ˵ֻˮʧ٣ܣ
µϢϰǣֱӾըˡ
֮ǰֻֻͣϣֱӽֻдֽϣǽϣ裬˻滭ֻòڵϣ˲̤
аһƬţֻȻܣһεıа
ѪڵȺộ
ûþִһϢ˵ֻ֮ȫΪ
ֻȻͽˣȴͽ˾δˣ
Բ˵Ϣ˭ųȥġ
տʼųǸϢֻҪһа
Ѿ»ˣֻȻˣажôܣֻ˵ϹֱӸһǿķýһε뵽ѿأΪĶ󣬿˵ڶʱ޷ˡ

171 Ǹ˲ǧ

Ȼа߻˺ҵĪȥةฮǱߡ
ةϢ֮νһҹ֮˺ܶ࣬ǿ壬Ȼ㱻ιȥ
룬ֻҪֻӵһȫĵطݹһδһ¡
ֻڵʱҲôة˵ģЩԺ۶һʱġ
ÿЦĿ˵ȵ˺ʵʱڳЩ£ЩΪаһЩ˵飬Ϳϴˡ
ݷӳ֮ɫʮֵĲÿоȻһĨŭ⡣֮ǰһֱΪүֻЩ޴СѣﻹϲСĿû뵽үȻСʧ֮󣬷ųϢһŮ˺޷Ǿǣ뿪ܵԷİ
ڮٺɡ
ֻȴǵЦһ£ү˵ûĽǶҾǺͽ鸴ȼ
үҲڮ㣡ݷýˮյýģմ豭Ȼѳһ죬ˮѷ͸˳
ֻ룬ĵǶͨˣүҲǡҴ룬˵һܴ裬ϾƷﳰЦһܶࡣôҲ޿ɺǣ
ѾһܲˣΪʲôҪίԼΪʲôأ
˵Ҳǽģֻڷѣ
С㣬µ㻹Ϊү˵ݷ仰ֱǾģҲ߲ѡ
ֻûΪа˵ϲˣȻûбҪΪάңܱ˵ĳЦ
аϵǱ˵Ļ˵Թúܺãȴϲңİܱʰɣֻ˵˵һ䡣
أѾֻˣǰôôɣ
ݷ㿴ֻǷ絭ݣʹ˫°˫߬ס˫֣ᶨС㣬ҾԲܵһ˿һ˺ġ
Ժ󣬲ܹ˺ˣֻݷ΢΢һЦƽӹ£ûκε㣬ټϱɹڵƤκεС
˫Եȴ쳣ĶĿ
ˣȥϴзȥɣǳзʱڣзǳִַֻҪڹ죬ףǼֱһζֻһӣƺȫע˳зϡ
Դֻˮץзʱݷֻ֪ϲз˵з֮󣬱ֱӽз˷ֻǰ
Լһ׷Ұ˳šֻߣӣһֻзŵݷУ˵з󲹣˵ũæʱҪͶһֻзָܻ˵Ǽûأ֮
еػۻֻ㣡
ݷֻ仰ɵЩݣзЩݵĵǼң
ƺݷ˵ʮֵİûй
ֻݷ΢Щٶ۵飬̶ͷ԰Ǽңһ仰ݷԴôһ˲հףһĶǰһҪԴըûһЩʧӰˣԴֱÿ
ˡ
ָоͺѾץʲôȴһհ㡣
ʮֵ㯺ʧ䡣
ǾǼˣݷһ˫Ǵ⣬Ⱦκʵ۾ֻ
ΪʲôʲôΪʲôȴһʲô벻ˣΨǸӡһӡУԽԽ
ȻǰԺǿҪദܳһʱ䣬Ȼֻݷı飬Ӧôûиܹ飬ȴֺ飬ҵů
ݷ仰ЦⲻĴӴӿֻ֮󣬱ͷǰȥеɵ
ֻŬŬ죬㿪ʼз
Ҳ֪ݷʧǰʲôӵģǸһֱݷĺ˭úõһȴаͽŪϵĴȻҲܵӰ죬аͽ˻ǱȽԾģڵһԹУûзʲôĦͲõ飬
˻һ˼䡣
ȵһԽʱ򣬵μԵĽٶһЩջΨнаֿտյĻˡ
˭֪ڽ֮󣬶ʲô
˵ĽҪԵޣЩʳݶ
ү˵ˣ߽վڴߵϹ
˵ͨһΪϪµˣСǿĻͣһ½˵
ˣɽеҶҲʼ˻ƣһݻơʧȥˮֵҶӣżֱζ
ķ紵˵Ǵ⡣
¹͸涵ӰӴôϹɫϣȾһ㺮˪㡣
Ϫ£Ϲ૵˵֡
ǣҪū֪̲ͨͨĸʾ𣿡̧γȾ˿ʵϹ
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Ҳһʱ˿ڡ
˵֮һ˿ڣһںһǾڼΪıϸǧֵǰѽΪƣϹֽ˵
¶һĨ𾪵ɫү¿϶⣡
ļȫԴӱа֮࣬Ҫа֮ĺֻ˵Ҫ֮Ϲ޳˫֣ϵһȲ裬ڴĴ˼£ͫȴ쳣ڡ£ˣϲͬʱɱ˰֮һˡ
תתϵɫҲʼóʱڴߵĨЦҲʱȥҪάǸˣȻܹԼάֻС
ǧˣ
ǧ²ܲ뵽ϵģһǽ˻ѣȻǧˮݣȴǧµıԵġ
ǧ¿ǱүҪֻôֻܻأ
ûѣֻǸ˲ǧ£Ϲʮֿ϶ƶ˵ȴΪǧ£
Ǹǧ£֮ʬ͸ܱ˷֣
ǧºֻûκεĽҪ˵ǧɱֻܣΥֻǲܵġ
±ԽԽ˷룬ֻûҵȴǣһµ
˶ǧʮֵ˽⣬֪õʲôҲֻ֪Ҫܵ顣
ô˭أ
ҹɫڣķ紵˵һƬ⣬ҹֵص˲ɵĽ˽·
ʱһѻġ¸¡ʱϵҲʱڵסԭڵɫԽͬīһ㣬ԽŨ

172 Ҳа

ǧվݶϣ˫ֻصǰŨĺҹ
ûɱ֮ǰ֮ʬȴҵˣҲ˿ںۼгеĽǺϣ
˵ϳ֮⣬һڳ
ΪҪֻ֪ܣһ׼һѺƵĽ
ߺѽɱ˰֮
ôĿľҪݺô򵥣ҲҪүֻ֪
Ҫүͽ˶ΪڶԷС
һүͽΪ¶ƣһڸֻǶܵϢӳʱ䣡
˻˭ǧµһ뵽ľݷ㣬ةฮҹֵʱݷ㵱ʱҲڳ
Ҳ֪ʹõʲô
ˮˣˮˣˮˡһŵĽкڴʱͻȻǧŤͷһðŹŨ̡
ʱһ˻𣬻ƱѸٵӣһĹǾ޴ĻƱѾӿ˿Ʋסˡ
һʱе̴Ӷˮȥ˻һ紵ǽζ
뻳бżҪӺϹһ˳
ʱˮͰϹ߹ƼȥĻ϶Ὣһŵķݶջˡ
үôôңȥ԰ɣΪԺǰһȡˮ֮ǰȻĶԺǰ
ϹڵѸٵĲһһѳ佣
֮ĨߴǿĺɫӰ׷׳еĳϹ
һͻıʱñͻҵĳøӵĻ
źĳڿҪϹʱǧ±һ֣ѸͶݡ
ȴĴ̿ͣһֱϹԣ˭ҿɱ˭
һд̿͡ԽԽ佫߸
ǵһģȴûдǰ˼ǱһֿϷ̬ȿš
ү㷢𣿡ʱҹͻȻ˵
Ϲķ۹𣬴۽кһĨЦݣаʼնûг֣
ʱǰѵаֻһָͷľ룬аȴֻǿţȴҲ֣
аö֣ǶԼʮֵţ
ǣǧҲʼնүԣҹĲһ˿Ծ
ΪԼûдǴҹĽǶȿȥǧȴʲôǣֻӽүˣȴӲʼնүһľ֮ڡ
ʱϹɿȥ
˵Դֻص֮󣬱ڻûһοֳء֪ͦʱ䣬ֵ书չôˣϹаЦ˵
ҹŤͷЩĿϹ
ϹϹǧµı³ʱϹǵЦһ±ñȥסǧ£
ôһٶϹᶨԼĵ뷨Ϲпɳǵʱܵشֱӱˣ
Ϲҳֻ֣Ҫһ֣ûʵ㱩¶˳
ϹֻǵԶֵĻӦǧµڻ³ˣǴݶֵߵһߣд̿͸ҿǧ¸ϲϹ书Ҳ϶Ӧԡ
ϹȻûݴݺţ뿪ǧµıΧ֮ڣһǧµı£ˣ
Щ̿ĸߴһ֪ˡ
ټûüϹ
ǧһͬʱԸ̿ͣЩ
ҹȴʱ֣ǧ²סǧ¸ӵѩϼ˪Թ˲Ͼ
Щ˿̵ĿȷϹ
̿ͳôһ϶зźĳ㳯Ϲȥ
״̳ȥҪϹסһ
һѳȴҲڴʱϹȥ
үǧ´һ
Ϲɫ΢ݣյĶһȴҲ׵ı¶书ʵ
ʱҲʱϵˣ̿ͼ״׷׵ɢ
ȴʱһ˲аսս޲ʤŷɢаôһССĴ̿ͶԸˣðаҳ£
һһ㶣ֻ֮һλȴֵаʱ˽˵Ļ
ϾаսһʮɱΧϢʱ˲˵ġ
ڵа˵һʮˣһһδǴ̿͵Ķ֡
үֻ֮ǰˣûлָǧɫųȺŭȵôܻǧ᣺Цܵصһڸȥɳǵʱ򣬺ܵһܹ͵һȣѵ˵־ΪǸʱ
书һֱûлָôೡʤս˭ģ
аһǼٵģпǵйһаƵ˼ðģ
ǧ˵ķȻûн˵ķأʵҲǰ
ȻϹ˵Ļ
˵ĶԣаڳѾ˵ԣǵȵʱаȴֳ˶С˵аھأʱһλҲͽ
ôԽᶨƵǰаǱ˼ð顣
ΪʲôҪðֻҶֽŵľ棬˭ȥϸ룬ȻǵйȻΪ˽ӽϡɱϵˡ
ȻҲӲϸȥ룬ս޲ʤаôܻᱻ׵ȡģ
ֻۼΪʵŷɥаǲܲ书ģ
ϹӴǷһЦĿվȺеĽԣҲа
һ仰˲ǧºͲ붼סˣɴ۾ϹǾ㵣
Ҳɵ¶һĨȵ顣
ΪʲôҪ˵Լа
ʵȫóϵı֤Լݵģѵ˵ûЯ
ڱɽׯʱҾ֪ȡаҽаһһģµĺǶƭˣϹһ仰ȴŲǧ˵ġ
֮ȴһϹ⡣
үڱȫǡ
ҪаĻòҪΪֻ֪аʲôطϹ˵仰ѾȥϹסǶס֡
ڼλĴӵҲʱ˹ǰĻȻҲˡ
ʲôˣð޵ĻӣһƬ𣬻˵š
ϹΧˣһ乴𴽣аʵⲻҪҪаʣ˵˵ֿսϵǣη塣ôܻᱻ书ץסⲻΣʱ䣬ͬѣ콫£˵
ʱ۾ҹʾһ¡кܶ鶼ͲͨǼȻϹԼԼаҲȥŷ

173 ɱ

ֻҪϹ
ҹܵϹĿ̳֮еĳϹȥ
ΧϹܵˣȻҲһӵϣû뵽ϹȴǴӻóһöѼСŵĶһֻóһӡ
Ϲ˵Ҫ£ʵ˵ȴ
һװµϹеĶ󣬶ɵĵһǰЩаƳĻҩ
ҩֻ֪ôСһȴС
ҩǻҩлҩ˲סˣе˸ɫһףɵľͳȥ
Ϲ¶ľɫɵ¶һĨұЦȼ˳Ծݶ
Ϲһ书ûУٵĻһ
ϧèĹһͨԸˡ
ϣ˾Բˣϻ֪жٻҩһȼҩ룡˵仰ǸϹ̡
ϹԼǳԼа֮óŷɫĻҩ
ϵɫҲһƬأʱֱӽǸ˴ԼǰʱûȼҩĻǺ
ȥù׼Ǹ翹Ļɱ⣡
һ£ýסǸҳ׵ɿˣ漴ԸСʪĴǲɵĻһĨаЦ
Ϲû뵽֮㾹ȻôĲһ
ϹӦǻһṦûĴ߶ٶ˺ܶࡣ
ԾݶžװŶȴϹлҩҿֻǲԶĸš
ңֻñΪǸٵаͬҹ׼Ϸȴǧ¸סˡ
ǧе½ָҹҵĶ𣿡
Ǹղôܻᱻҹϣ
ǧ˵꣬㳯ϹɱȥҹҲ󣬼ֹǧ¿Ϲ
ڲ֪ʱڵɫһƬڳķεáɳɳֱ죬һʱɳʯ
ֻǱҡ쾪ѵģкƻżС㡣
ɫڵˣͳѹѹֵ˴·ĩռҪһ㡣
ֻ´ڽϣһžžžžͬһľʵĴϣּܼٵֻ֪ΪĻŻŵģǸоʲôҪһ㡣
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ֻ֨ѽһͽŸˣ΢Ĺâֻϣճϸˣ͸¶һ
ȥûжûջģڼһ·û©ˮĵطֻ˵š
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֮ΪɽΪƽϵͣһ꣬ɽȪˮȫ۵֮塣
ÿ꼾٣ֱ֮ӳˮ壬˶ˮ·ģҲΪʲô֮˶Ὣݵĵػúܸߣ
ʺѪϵīɫ͸ӵɫȾøˡ
Ϲϣ˿ϵѪˮһ˳ŻҩֵغɫС
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һһ㣬֮أִӹɢĳ峾ȴǲһ֡
춼㣬ôҪʲôȼеĻҩϣվɽ֮ϵϹ˵š
ĹѾ׼͵Žһ£ټ뷢
еϹ˹¾ͣɫµŲʸʼǴݶֵĮġ
Լ书ֵһ̣Ҳ΢¶Ƭ̵ĻҡһεˣϲܹɱңٵϹɫˮĴϣȴǻ𴽱ߵĻȣǰаѤãʢκϵһɳ
ȴϢ
ϹתɽĶȥ罫īɫķĴ¾졣
ֻҿԣ˵ϹԾɽ塣
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үǧڵһʱ˹ȥȴվһһҵɱ֮ǧѾƣߣųֶĥһѪڡ
ʱֻѪ۵֣סĳɽץȥҵۣץȴһſ
ǧ£֪ǰ˵ĻǲģϹɽȥ֮˵һ仰ȻôĵĮƽ
겢ûһҹ˰ʱұͣˣֻ֪֮ôΪһֱȵͣ˲˯ġ
ڶȴһ죬ĵ̫ů˵ϣʮֵ
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ֻɢĴһǷ۾ʮһչԡ֮󣬱ȥ컻ȥϴ
һȦȴûҵݷҲˡ
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ݷһϴµĸҲɵĿݷ˵Цšˣ˵Ǹɵˣǻ˵˵ةฮǸǧС㣬ųƵһŮֻɣֵֻ˾֪һƫƧɽ嶼֪£ֵ֪
ж
ϴ·ݷֻ֮󣬱̷еĶ
ʯͷĵļ꣬˼ң˵Ȼûʲôء
ةฮǧСأҿ˳ɲ֪Ǵĸ¥ģļ˵ʹ󣬶仰Բ˵ݷġ
ɲаǸŮ˶ð¾ҪˣȻˣ˵ԭҪͽ˽ģʱˣһˣͼӴ׵Ĵġ
˭˵ģһʬٰǸŮˣǸŮ˲֪ʲôطأ
Ů˷źúõаƫƫҪһңֻܱţԺŶܽ
Խ˵󣬻ҲԽݷɫ䣬վȭͷ㳯ʯͷϵļ߹ȥԭ۾ɱ⡣
ֻȴʱһݷĸǰɫΪ侲緹ˣȥ԰ɣԺŮ˼飬˲Ҫ
˵žݷ㳯ߡ
ݷȴ˼£ջЭĸֻ˼ҡ
С㣬ҲЩ˵㣡ص֮ݷֻ˵˵ٱˣҲǴСˣҲֻˣ˵ЩҺθɣֻһɹϴõһ赭д˵š

174 ˵

ǡݷ㻹Ҫʲô͵͵˵ԶĴС㣬ҲѿĴ˵㣡
ֻǲϰҵݶѣҲȥģֻ˵ȴͻȻͻȻһӱ
ץ˵ģʲô˵ġ
ЩˣòǵİɣݷҲ˲Ծĳţֻȥ
ǽӵʱһۣڴһ˵ܵ
ãҪݷ׼ľϣֻЩĵĶݷԼҲСĵ
ݷսľϣյű㱻߿
˱Ĵ˽ɷ˵һ
ûмһīɫۣɫߵˣһʿǰץסݷʵ
ݷľګĿŶԷû˵һ֣ԵЩ֪롣
ɫߵˣаϹ
аôˣ
ûУʿһʵ
ݷҡҡͷЩʿз䵹Ѱһ֮󣬱ڵ뿪ˡ
һֱȵʿ뿪֮֮ݷŸҴľֻ
С㣬Щ˲ǵģүģݷµҲֻ֪Щ
үүôˣֻüͷɻʵ
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ЩڵӣݷֱųϹԹз⣬Ѿүġ
ôֻüͷԽĽˣɫϸһƬǡ
ѵ˵Ļڶ̶ºӦ
죬ʿɽչ˵̺ʽȴһ񣬱˵ǷаӰˣаϵһûз֡һũСԺУĸߴ沿Ѫ˽ȥĶɹҩ̴˵̴ⶼˣүһϢûС治֪үΪҪⱩ¶Լ
书ý֣Ƶ£
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Ů˺ͺͯһһȫĵطƽʱ׿˳Ϲ£ΪϹ¡
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治үΪʲôҪôѪԸ񶼱ȽֱӣȻϹôһΪʲô
үΪ˱ȫΪսүϺ͵λΪүȥû书ᱻ˲䱻֣үԼȷˡҪ֪үнĵλսϴģû书ү
սɱϲսɱУүϵıȨܱסһүϵıȨסүԶˣ
̴򲻽һһıߡ
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һͣ׿˹
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һүʲôΣգĵүָܻܲԼ书
ҾͰ֮ǰļƻУ׿˵
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һǧһ㣬ΪʱĦģԷĹâȴ˲С
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ŨŵĹ㵭ĵ뵽ֻıϢֻɵĽϢյ˹𻨸ǰϸϸš
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滨ҵ๫Ȼɵȴ֪ͦˣⲻ˻ܵϪˮץзȥˣڴɤʮֵĸߣóŹġ
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һСĲȿգصˤһС
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ֻˤ۵ƨɣһ䣺ʹˣ
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ֻ̧ͷʱ򣬱㷢һ˫ڡעг
ֻŵһ³ȥϵʹˡ
ֻһ˿ѪմȾǽǵλϣīɫ·ѪȾ͸ֱӽϱøӲ
͸˺ѵ·ĿⷭƤĿɲ˿ڡ
ΪֻһǣɢһЩߵʬǣֱԵġ
ֻһͷƤ飬еŻĸо
ӦʲôˣȻСˤ嵱УҲԱһˮСǰˮ
ֻ̫ҿˣΪ˼Ȼܹץԣ˵жģ˭֪˻ᷢʲô¡
ֻŵȥ֮Ҵȣ
Ǳߣһֻıֻתͷ㿴Ǹ˵Ŀһ
͸Ӳݷ϶Ͷ⣬ֻоȻһڡ
ⲻΪڵ壬һɽֻɶˣֻתͷǸпǽǵˣҡմȾѪͷݸסټϹ߻谵ֻһ˫ڳڳ۾ԼǸɬƤ촽

175 Ȼ

Ϊ򵥵ֻ֣ŵеľ裬ȡЯˮĳǸ˿
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ôصˣҪȵˮһѵ¡
ֻ򿪺ǣԵǸ˵ߡ
ǸҲſȵЩ٣ĺܿʣֱֻʣµİˮ꣬ͣ
һ£һش˾㣡ֻԷһ˺˼ûУҲͽķ
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ҪǻɱΪʧѪˣϹҲ֪õʲôֹסѪҲֻЩѡ
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һҹϹûκεʶڻ˯״̬
һҹֻȻæûкۡ
ڸϹ˿ڽ崴֮󣬱㿪ʼϹ˿ڡ
ֻƵϹ˿ʱϹ˯¶һĨʹ֮ɫ
ֻ뽫Ϲϵɫ߽ûˡ
ϹϵɫȴǱʲôƤһ㣬ûа취ȡĹǷǳʹģϹôˣϹüͷüȴһֱţûзһ˿ڼʹࡣ

176 һϰ

ƺʹ࣬һ͵ϰߡ
궾ֻһŪ룬Ϲϵ˿ڡ
˿ڿɲǷ·ô򵥣ΪĿ˵
ֻΪһпҽ˵Ҳǧε˿ڣܷƵĵطһֻôоģֻʱδô
һϸܵĺˮֻĶͷ˳
վһԵݷóӸֻźˮ
Ȼֻš
ȰϹƺ˿ںֱֻӶ̧ˣ󱳸һۣ·Լһ㡣
ĶˣͿϹԼܲͦһˡ
Ϲһ˯춼ûκѵĺۼϵѾȥһЩ
ֻԽΪʲôˣ
ѲһθϹ˿ڵʱ򣬻Ūøˣ
С㣬ⲻԭүԼԭ򣡡ݷ㿴ڴϵϹ˵һϰ˺ڰȴʱ˹ȵٴλصڰʱ޷ˣ
ô˵֮ǰϹһֱƾųǿţû֮ǰǿͦġ
ȴʱˣһĨϣǿŵô࣬ȻϵĲʹһսʤ־˴
ԭֻŻ˯еϹ૵˵š
ɫвٵ¶һĨ۵ĳɷ֣ؿҲЩ
Ϲȥ᲻ɴݣʵı˭
ֻһˣյģûκε֧˼ǿȥԼøǿ֮⣬ûѡ
ȥ˯һɣ￴ţҪˣұ̸ߴС㣡ݷŰõҩֻ߽˵
ֻȴƣҡҡͷûϵſ˯һġ
ӹݷ˹ҩֻһһڵĸϹιȥ
ݷ͵͵˵һ䣺ϣүܹСģ
ֻȴǻعͷݷ΢΢һЦҪףӦġΪδޣ
һȻݷ˲ٵĲһԵ˳ȥ
Ժſڵżϣ̧ͷʵգʱһɴŵĶδݷǰɹ
Щңһĸоӿֳ
ָоܸӡ
ݷȴָ֪оӦеġ
СүδޣүӦõġ
ôһ֡ϣСԴүĸоأ
ݷżԴ˰죬ҲûָоôͻȻðġ
ĸ󣬶䣬ˮˣ㱧ֻմˮ߽Ϲüͷ˵λ
ĸΪʲôôΪʲôԽԽˣϹĻﴫֻĶС
δ˵ĴһеӤһ㣬ô޴Ͳ
ûмǴĻϹĸǶȥģϹƮѩĶҹ졣
һºϹ۾ţ˶һȦվڷУʱпܱ紵ܣվССǰ˵ûĸˣ
ǸʱСñ˺ʹֻһ˫ˮ۾˵ҲûĸˣҴСûĸף
ϸ룬ϹĸûȥǰİͺöǺǵģҲֻ˶ôһ㣬Զû֮ı΢һζĸá
Ϊһ¶ĻϹģϹĸеİȫתƵϡ
ϹǱˣһͬĸоԲŵϹǲ˺İֻеˮסϹ֣Ҫ֣ǿϹԽԽʹ࣬ԽԽ飬ֻЬ˴Ϲ˻Уţĸ⣬ĸ

ϹҲİǽüͷҲԵиǴȴסֻֻ֣һͲһ㡣
Ҳ֪˶ãϹһε˯УֻϹĶͷѾȥˡ
ƵϹѹˡ
˵ֻ꣬ɿϹȴôҲ޷Ϲг롣
ֻȥһĽϹָͷ⿪Ϲȴʱˡ
Խþץסֻ֣ھ״̬ɵļҲһӱ
ڳַĿֻ
ֻһһϹ˵ˣ
ϹʶҲĻָī⳯ȥ䵽ֻϣѯš
ֻڳľúܾ棬һ˵ˣ״̬ήҶģȻ޹ģϹһɾ˸ޱȣֱġ
·κ鶼һۡ
͸ղŵĴγĶԱȡѾ˯üˣһȥͷ˸գұ๫ˣҲ֪ΪʲôֻϹǺڳ־˸ʱͺڽǸۻ
аһ㣬ʶԼݣѸٵĽ뵽滨Ľɫ״̬С
Ϲɿֻֿ˼ֻ֮󣬱ӿ³֣лл
ģĺôģ
ֻͷԼ󣬸׼ȥ
ϹֽŵĽ˲ϸոհõ˿ڣֱ̧Լ
ʲôֻ̳ȥץסϹ֣ȴǳһ˿ڵİɫѾ˲ٵѪҺ
ҶˣǸƺϹҪ˿˼ϵ˿ںͼ˺ѵʹ
ֻϹӣһʱ֮䲻֪˵Щʲô
æϵԲϹУҪҵǲ
ϹһöԲһ߬У۾ᴭ
ˣǿԲôҪ㿴õ˿ȫѿˣֻĳţ˵ţȴͦ۵ġ
﾿ôģԲ͸ģ˵ô㲻ӵҲûбҪôš⣡
·Ǿһ㣡
ĸоЩ˸ѣ
Ϲȴֻ߬Բӣ۾˵ĬĬ˿ڴʹ
˫԰ɫ˫ţǿ̵ֻ˱һᡣ
滨滨ˣ·ͻȻ
ֻһ֪ںʱ澹ȻƮС㡣
ֻվ˳ȥ
·ʪ˲Ҫؼɹ˲ٵҩģЩϹ˿Ҫõġ
ϹۿֻѸȥıӰһĴֲ£ȴȻβסΡ
ıӰĺֻ񣬿ϧǻɹ·ҩ֮⣬ݷɽϿĲ

177 κεĹϸ

ҪǲʪˣֻҲûа취Ϲҩˡ
ֻ˲·ȽҩջؼңȻڷİ
滨ȥˣòܵϪˮ߸зȥ˰ɣҲæòɿֻһǰͣ㲻еĳũĿյһ䡣
ԽԽ󣬲ǰ磬ȴΪϸܡ٣ֻ񷿣ȥ·ʱ
ɹɵ·ȫʪˡ
ֱʱݷӰŴ˻
ʪģǴϪˮˤһһ㣬סϵˮ
ôʪֻһɾëݷ˾͸Ͻ
ֻȥݷе¨ֻװ˼ͷԴз
ûץ𣿡ֻѯţ漴ֵˣϽȥｫʪ·ȥˮ
˿ڵģɽϡеģֻȥˡ
һݷʹ·һѾõ㣬ֻû뵽ݷ㾹ȻץˣȻͷСһҲϹһˡ
ݷϴʱֻҲڴιϹԡ
̨ϸһ룬ȥԣ˾ζˣֻ̧ͷһϹ㽫ڴߴ˼£͵Ϲߡ
ݷűվһȥˣûñֶ˽ȻֱӽеֻУֻҲ㣡
ֻݷϹԣǵпո𻨸԰ɣ
ݷȴҡҡͷֻƵģȴһ˿ɵȥϴ裬Ȼ˯
ֻ΢΢һ£תͷһݷ㣬Щ⣬ҲǲϹݰɣ
컹ûڣ˯ʲôֻݷ˵
ݷȴվת˼Ȧ֮󣬱˳ȥƺЩ
ֻԽĲˣһϹ֮󣬱룬ųȥˡ
㡭ֻ׼˵ݷȴǽֻһߣȻһꡱ
ָմվˮдүˣ˵Ļү
ֻ֮Ҳմմˮղڸݷ㿴һֻɫҲ΢ЩȻС㣬ҪүȥĻҲͲװɵˡ㲻үȥĻ;Բүκɵ㣬Ǿͺúݷޣ
滨ɵӣ
ԭݷղôϹķޣɵӡ
ֻЦһ£˵ͷд´Ҫǰ˵һ£ȻһΪɵأ
ֻҪһ̲ιʱݷ̽һԴ˵ˣ
ֱֻЦϹ˲֮бЩΣ֪ˣ֪ˣȥ˯
㾡ȫľϹ²չϹֻҪ嵱Ƿµծֲµ
ϹȥֻϣϹܹϿָȻ»صа
֮ǻɣŸԵ
ļ죬ֻϹҩϴӣԼιιҩʱݷվһԻĶš
νĽһɵݵ˼¡
ݷݵĲִɵӣͣ߰ͯɵӡ
ݷľګı飬Ҳʮֵĺʡ
ǽֻ֣ϹһһĻָÿνʳʱ򣬸оϹ׽ЩѣŬĳţʱ¶һ˿ʹ顣
ֻԽòԣϹſ˿ڣһˣֱֻһüһϹﲻ֪ʱ˿ǻãһֹһͦġ
Է϶ܵӰ죬΢һ͹Ϲ۵ˣ
ֲ֣ǲ˵Ϊʲô˵ͳ˿ǻãֻǱˡ
ϹֻҲ鷳㣡
ֻ仰ͬʱЩܣվͶϹ˵ʲô鷳鷳ģҶȻˣһںС𣿡
Ҳ֪Ϲôģ
ûʱ𻨸ˡϹֽ˵ɫһƬƽ͡
ԭ˵鷳˼Ҫ˵˿ǻãιʱ򣬶ȻԷʱȴҲ䳤ˡ
ֻû뵽ԼôصˣȻΪǿЩС¡
ϹֻʱŻôĲ飬ǶˣĶ˶ܺá
ӦǸ˼ҵүɣֻʵ
ϹһֻŴû˵
ôˣ˻ҵԸס๫ȥ֪ͨˣֻ˵ֽŵ㲻Ҫᣬû˼ȻҾͿ϶Ὣȵ׵ġ
ݷȥ˳üζ֪ʱʲô£ҲǱҪϹĿ֪ʲô¡
һǸɽĻҲӦҵˡǧµĴϻۣҪ˼죬ǧ¾ҵˣڡƻҪһʱɣ
ֻһʱ˿ڣ˼Ǿ˻ȥǸɽ㣬ҡ๫ȥǻü𣿡
ôо˶ġ
ˣӦˣϹҡҡͷ
ǡô죿ֻһµСϹ
֪ͲϹÿȥͺˡûдϰߣϵָȥҲûáһֽɣҸǰһӡҵҵˣ㽫ֽǣҪʲôԣϹɤ
ƽͣһˮϸϸƷζĻôһ˿
ǰֶֻϲᣬ˲ʸãϸֻͨȴתתӣһĨĹβɨϹֽ־Ķ˼ôУ㲻ǸԲǸǾˣǸĻҲǽ
ǷծˣʣµҲǹˣ
Ϲô˼ܵˣӦôԵļⰡ㰡Ҫӵġ
¾Եİ׷ҲһʲСĿ
Ϊ˼ңһ³һҳԵҲǲ׷
˵ΪľҲãÿԵĶǰ׷ȵԵǼ⣬Ȼ󻹱ͼĺ˻ˣʵ˵ʱʱҲǴЩ˼ġ๫Ǹɵӣƽ֪ºЩзʲôģȫһȥɽϲҩáΪ˲
ٵӡֻ֣Щ˼˵ţܹǾķϣһЩ
ϹĿֻ˫ֽŵǰţʹȥ΢ɬۿתšףϹڣܵȴҲ󣺡öԲӶҺҪҲܸ㣡

178 Ҳǹ

ǲżĻԸһµʱ䣬һµʱҵһҵңϹּ˵
ֻ˵ͷû£仰Ҳˣ
˵ֻվ˳ȥ
׿˵͸öԲӺҪöԲҪֻΪöԲ͸ģ
ֻһ֮ˡ
ҳζҩ֮󣬱㵷ɷĩڶһˮ֮󣬷ĩճ״
ͿĨȥ֮㲻Ҫ˵ҲҪʿˮֻ֣СĴָմҩȻСĵͿĨϹ˿ǻõĵط
Ϲգ۾ĿԼֻ߾Ůӡ
ΪԭƤЩڣٺͨǷֿǺһ𿴣ûκεɫֿһ۾ǵ͡
˵ôһŮˡ
Ϲȴźһִδĵĸо
κεŮֻҪʶĽ䱸״ֻ̬ĸо
˿ڽˣˣҾͰϴһͷ˳»һ׸ɾı죬˯ҲֻһĸϹͿĨҩһߺȻĶϹ˵
Ҳ֪ǲΪϹ˵ԭϵǹһûУ֮н֮ɫûκεǣ
ʱݷ˽Ϲһ˲˲Ŀǰֻ
ʶȭͷϹʲôһ㡣
ץϵһëֱӸǵϹ۾ϡ
׼㿴һ֮ݷ㻹һɶĻ
ֻЦϹҲûʲôӦ
Ҫ֮ǰϹֱܹӽݷɱɣ
ĿˣУֻÿմ˵ˮдľʵ
ǣһͨһ滨ˣݷʮֿ϶ĵ˵ͷ
Ϲ鷳ˣ
ǧ°յ˵ģȥ
үΪս书϶ǿΪʲôүȴܱ˳ͺƺ޻֮һ㣡ݷľдôһλ
ǰϹս޲ʤսգΧϹܹƽգǧµҲʮֵݡ
ΪʲôϹᱻ˳أ
ɽʱϹ־ʲô
ҪҪؾȥǧ£Ūһеʲô
ݷ㣬͢ϢүȻҲ˵һ˾ǣҵʲô°ɣֻ˼룬ûȨ֮ơ
ǡݷгɣؾǣһһȥҲҪʮ졣
ڼҪѲô죿
Ϲ˳ԲͨĴ̿Ϊпǻµ
ֻȴǲݷڶͣɣδڳȱġ
ݷڶ뿪ˡ
ݷһߣˮټչϹʵֻʱ䲻
ϸϹϴֻ֮һͰˮԼϴ
ĽůˮУ·һƣˡ
ȫÿë׶չš
ˮֻȥ÷ڰϵȴ˸ա
ûϴˡ
ֻ֮ԼţΪ⼸ãϴ֮󣬱ֱӽ·ȻŸɾľˮһϴȥɹġ
¿ɺˣ·Ϲķ䣬ֽˮܴˡ
๫ֻڵʱͣһ£½гݷ㡣
ӦֻֻҹˮļȻ
ֻݷϵʱδȥˡ
ֻϹˣ
ֻε̾һˮԽԽˣˮҲǸ£ֻһᱡıӽԼס
ôˣϹҲӦ˯ˣ
ֻûеƣźھ߽ϹڣҹɫŨīһ¹ⶼûУڳڳģҪһ㡣
ֻһ·¹ǰ¹񣬺׵ıºͳ㣬ȴǲֻ֪ŵʲôط
ֻֻö¹š
ҹOO@@ȻϹƿ˰е۾ڴ¹ֻɤǳǳĵϵҰɣ
ֻĶо羲׵ҹɫдһ
㻹û˯ֻһ£̶ĵ
ϹŴûлش󲿷ʱ䶼Ȼ˯ŵġ
ʱֻҲڴӽҵǶ
һվԭڴһֻҰèͻȻըһĲҽʵú׼ֻһ
ĳһ¾ͱһˤ˴ϡ
Ϲϡ
ֻҵҪվæ֮ټһƬڣֻҲ֪ʲôط
ֱϹһ嶼ɵһ¡
ֻµĴвԣŲ֣Բ𣬶ԲҲǹģ
˵㱧·ŵĶӡ
ϹüͷסղűֻѹĵطʹĴָҵһ㡣
ֻֻĳȴ֪ϹĿʹŤһ
һֻ·ĵ̽һͷʹϹС㡭û°ɣҪҪҸ㿴
ΪһпҽֻȻ֪˵ǸطܴȻĵģǾղŵȴҲǹϹܵˡ
ǡǿ㳤õ˿ûѿֻ˵ʶԼ˵˻æ
һֱãϹǼ͵ǽʹ˺û£
ֻóϹʹľǸˮ磽ЩʹʣµľϹԼȥ
ֻվűվһֱȷϹϵʹˣŻصԼ˯
˵ڶȻ꣬ٺˮ˳ݶǰˮĹУöĵδ졣
ֻϹ˶ûз
Ϲ۾Ӵ͸Ļ谵ĺϹɫϴ˼⣬ȥյǺϬһõģ
ֻ򽫵õҩĨСĴָϣȻͿĨϹڴĵط
ſĴģһĨȵʪ֮⡣
ɫ͸һЩ͸ӵĺÿԸˡ
⻹ֻǰûзֵ飬ֻ˫ɫˮĴ縲һ㺮˪䣬˲ҿ
ȴǰɫ
ֻ뵽⣬ɵľеϹӾãڴһ紺ں¶иһ˿ů
ֱֻӣڼķ˿ϹĲɨôһĨ˿˿Ƶ⡣ϹֻۣѾ˳ȥˡ

179 滨

˿ȴıϢ䣬һɻɽҰζлһƵҩ㡣
ÿͷǰŵζ
ʱյƳɽҰҩζѾȥˣԶûиղǰŨ
ζûŮͿĨ֬ˮۺš
ȴ¡˵ζ
һ¾һ죬ݷ֮ǰɽòܶ࣬һʱûա
ϹȴǱʲôˡ
ֻкõϹϷڹ죬ȻСһ𣬻żϹͷ
Ȼ˵˷Ϲһһ࣬ԣϹ԰࣬ǲࡣ
ٷֻʡĺܶ࣬ϹܶһָһϹͷԼԡ
ڰȷһߣ֮󣬱óһƵܣԼ
һߣƵ̲ҧáԣԡ졣
˶ܰĳ緹˭Ҳû˭ΨεδģⰲĻкǺ
ϹҧһϹͷȻͷͲÿǴݼȴŴζɵϸϸƷ
ָ߹ţϹڴϣϹͷȴһӰÿĳࡣ
滨ɷأϹȴ˳ĿȴϵϹͷϣǵĻ΢΢
ϸŴδȥɻˣֻص
и𻨸𣿡Ϲȴ˵ôһ䡣
ֻ֣ôĻϹôƫƫסһ𻨸⡣
ûУǱǰս㹤ǮģҪԵĻԼȥ򣡡ʱ䣺ô
ϹǣҡҡͷϹͷ
ϵʱѾģ¶ȴһ½ʮȣϵķ磬Ǵһѵһ㣬·һҹ˶
ֻûü׼һҲޱ
һϹĴϣһϸš
ʱȫһĺĺëȥֱֱ
ͻȻϹһةฮϡ
͵ҹǣһǽǣζʵڲܣ
ֻǷ˴µıȻһˮ֮󣬱ÿϹķš
Ҳ֪ô£һô䣡ֻ˵ű㽫ۺõıӸǵϹϡ
ϹϵıӱĻҪ϶Ҫ䡣
Ϲ۾ֻɫ糣ĽӸǵϣǹ¶ֻŵҩζŨ뵽ıϢ䡣
˵ֻǵıӣ滹ϵ¡
ȻСڻʼңҲ֪˼ҵʲôġ
ʲôϹֻɤʵ
ǱﻹбأֻѾôش
Ϲӱ֣̽ȥ汻ϻһĨȵ¶ȡ
Ϲٴֻ̧΢⽫ӰӰ´µӳҹɫУվǰӣϸȴˮ
δϻһŮӻԸź䣬ʣһø
ŮȴһδʶˣǱ˵ӣ
滨㲻صûȥɣԽҹԽ䣡Ϲڳ˸һĨ⣬ҹĻոսǳ
ĻһµıӣûóǣֻԸߡ
ǵϹܵʹѾˣĺѡ
Ϲƫͷ㽫Ǵ±ӱҿһΣ
ֻվڴԣ˾ͣԵҸһҲ䣬ñҲ䣬ϣҲһ˰
ѽͱҿˣҲʲôʥˣ˽ףҾõӡֻȥ
׼ת뿪ʱȴͻȻһ󼱴ٶҵ
ţţ쿪ţ⴫
ҹֻɵӿһɲõԤС
Ϲԭ͵ӱڴʱһĨ⡣
žһյĴֱӱ߿ˣķһ´˽
ֻǰҪŸϣȴѾˡ
һմźӰĽŸƿˣһ۱㿴ֻϸˣˮʪ¶һĨЦ磬иŮ˰λ
ϸС۾ֻǰ
ֻ̳һȵʲôˣȥ
ӴСӵͦҵİ˼˸ǰֻ̰ɨ˺üۡ
ֻһ߳ţ£ϴŵǺɫĳѥһѵ
磬ǳ͢еˣˡ
һĳֻҪֻʱֱֻһƻӿˣɫ䡣
ѽҴӣôʰ㣡Ĵ˵ţ㽫ϵһָֻ׼ȥקֻͷȴһֻ豭ʵʵĴš
ѵĲ豭ʱڴϻһСӣ߳һ˿Ѫ
ͳϹɫ˫ڳӣĿŴˣһ˿֮⡣
Ǵ˿Ϲϻˣû
˵ӲӾͲˣӲҪҪĿŭ׹⣬һֱֻӾȥ˺ֻ·
ֻҲʾֱӾȥץ˵̧һžͳ˵Ŀ㡣ȥ
˴ıŭˣסֻĲͳˤȥ
ֻȴָ׺ݺݵ˴۵죬ֻȥ˵ӡ
ǹɺݾ˴δġ
žһͷŭֱһֻϣʱֻˣʺѪ˳
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֮žһͷӱźףʹһ
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˷ŴѵĴӴվ׳¶ϲһһɴķһĨԽԽ޵Ѫ
ͷӿһϹֱȫƺˣɫķ·˾Ĺâ˵ͷЩԱֱӰγϵĵ㳯Ϲȥģɱ㣬ȥ

180 ʲôǵ

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181 Ϲ

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182 ΪʲôҪҼҷ

⵽ʲô˼Ҿ㣬㻹ҪҼҷӣֱֻӾͳ嵽Ϲǰŭ⡣
滨ȥʰɣһһõլԺģϹĻȴǵġ
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183 ֻΪҵ

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Ϊʲôһ๫ҲˣȥֻƺѾû˵ˣǽ֮ɫңҲӦȥģҲӦȥġ
ֻһૡͻţмŨصĿǻ
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ϹԾһϮ£īɢڼͷһȲϸϸỊ̇ԵԽʡֻϣ˫ֱϥ۾ֿնĿŵ棺ǲ˹Ҫ𻨸Եģû˵ҿվԺǰãǡֻ˵⣬
ˡ
ԺҿҲûл𻨸ˣ
ͷϥϣļͷ΢΢Ĳţһ־
̴ϹȥûӰӰ´µĹ翵İ֮䣬˿顣ˣԺסڳסҺһμǸֵϣһҪҵܶҶֻʱ·ˣ֪ôؼˣֻĨĨ
ϵۣɫǼ
һж˳ˣСסһʱ䣬ڼϹûҹȥĵط
ϹһӣĿŵĴǮׯ
滨ڶһЩʱɣϹĴڵ
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ֻɲԸںϹദȥˣ˵ͲСĽԼ¶ȥˡ
Ȼ߸ƣΪʲô㻹ܱ˳ֱֻӷʵϢΪʲôܺһңҪߣһƱҡֻ˵⣬Ȼ뵽һʮҪĶǾͨ뺡

184 ҪȥС

ҵͨǲ⣿ǧµѨ֮ιȥˣϵ·ʲôûȻҪͨҲûϹֱ壬ż㡢ݱϡĹӰг˳ţڵûУҿظһͨ뺣һһ˴Ǯׯ
Ʊʲôʱȥȡԡ
Ϲشĺܺ㲢󣬵ȴû˶һ
ΪϹԻк󻰡Щõõֻ滨ɷʱΪ̴պҪȥˣҲù֪ҵ٣ҲԶҽԱͷʱҸ
ÿյҩɷһһֱȥҵģϹУںֻ滨һļǹ๫ĻҲǿ
Ϲһ˵ʮȫֻҲȥܾ
˼Ұ๫չһʺܺ
ҪִⲻĻԵЩˡ
ڶһ糾Ⱦ¶ˮǧ±㽫һƱµͨ뺽ֻϡ
һֻһϸСǵͼĵطҹĵط
̴򶼽ÿҪõҩԼ尾ķʱ䶼ֻ
ֻȻҲʹ̴ΪʲôҪߣ̴ҲֻһЦû˵Եɡ
֮ÿ϶˸ֻѰݷĽ˵úϸֵʲôʲôƣ˶˵һ
Էôָİݷ䣬ҪǲúźϹЩӦˡ
ÿֻϹҩҩһЩƷʱϹעϵϣֻֻǰŻ˵һˡ
Ϲ飬òģ
һпȥʮֵĺ
ֻԲסٴдСͭվϸϸһԼ
һСͭ˲ʮΣ
ϵʱǰֻ㱨Ѱݷˣ⻹ֻһ֬
Ƿǳľ£Ҳʮֵϸ壬ȻǱȲŵĶˮۣ۸ȴҲԲˡ
ΪʲôֻЩĪ
ЩӷԸģһһ滨ʱʲôûУȻҪ¸滨ð죡˻شоݡ
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֮ļϣֻõ·ЬԼŮõͷͣʲôĶһһĸֻˡ
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ܹɽˮܹɷӰһ㡣
̴ƵҩҩЧãټϹָˣƻָĺܿ죬ĹѾܹɹ̫ˡ
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һֻϣȻ˾ƨɣɫ䵽µϹ
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ֻعͷһ۾ĿϹСͥԺɽа׵ľ룬һתĹ͹ˡ
ȻṦ˾Ǻð
ҲôҲܾ·ˡֻЩ˵š
Ϲվֻԣһڵص°ڣݵҡҷ˵̬
һɵĳζ뵽ֻıϢ
˵Ϲ޳վɽķ羰Уһ
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ڹʮ죬ҾҪ뿪ˣϹһȪ˵飺ɷûҵĻ
֪ģѾҺܶˣߺҾԼңһӣüӵˣֻϹ仰رĿģٹʮ죬ٹʮ죬ͿҲüϹˡ
ʵЩϹӡͦõģ嵭Ҳ͡
ҪֻͦԸϹ˽ѵġ֮Ĵ˵ջʱӹͦѵģڴﶥһЩÿνҩʱܻᱻһЩ˲۸Ϲĵůɫϻ
š
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磬ôͻȻ˵ֻװɻӣ漴
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ٺϹѾҪںҩˣϽ˰ҲˣµƤ
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ֻҲԸڹЩˣһľͰָͷӣȻĥαݡ˵ʱΣӦǾˣκϣˣĽһˡ

185 ΪʲôҪ

ȵʮʱֻ˸ΪϹһٷʢͣ͵ΪϹˡ
ԺҲڼˣҲϹǰôϷˡ
ϹȻֻ˵һ䣺ˣ
ΪҪȥСǣϹҪؾǣͬһ·ߡ
˾һˡ
ֻڼɵ飬ϹǰҪװһµģʲô
һ·ϹҲȻûк˵ĿϿӣϷһ¯ĵĳζƮ
ֻͣƿ棬һжļƻУãǳá
ܵʱϲҴƱϹǮׯЩʲô
ةҲһǧҡ
ϹָһܹҩݿøһЩˣҲԶҼˡ
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ʲôطֻһƿһ£һƬڣҪҴʲôطȥ
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ʲô˼㲻˵Ὣ͵СȥҴȥ㵽ʲôֻϹЩľź޴롣
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滨ȳԣҽ͸𣿡ϹĵĽȵĺֻС
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滨ģ϶߸˵ĸϹȥ
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Ϊһָ
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ݣʱ㲻òӣпҪһլԺ㵽үȥԩȷʵӡָӡ
㼴һ٣ӦñҸףһŮˣ޿ҪжѣϹÿһ仰Էθ
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һ˫ü΢΢ţӴƤҪ˺ԼΪʲôһȥұƭլԺһֵ˰ң㵣ұ۸мɿĻˡΪʲôҪҴȥֻǰϹİӿ

186 ˾ٸ

Ҳȥȥ˾Ҳز죬˶⣬ܵ۸Ҳࡣһȥ๫ҶҪֱֻϹӣһС
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ڶ˵һ䣬ֻеСȼɴ𡣡滨ɫ˫ʪԸеıơԵϹл³飬ûκεˣһΣԸѶûУ
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Сݲ㡣ܿ˷ɨǵᴫСǣԻᴫԽԽȻһҹ֮Се˶ʶ㣬㱻ڮٵıˣϵһӲõᱻΪ·ǰżϢпܻ˵Ǽ͵ģҪ
黹㲻ǾͶſڣͣĿ֡á
಻㡣ңҼ㰲źһУôֻǰ֮ǰ
ةฮǧĻ϶ûа취ھǴȥˣǻᱻЩԱ
˵ڶ˹󻯡ֻĻ
ةΪ£һֱѻ
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𣿡Ϲּ
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ϹȴΨһĽҲûˡˣԵɣϻкܳһɽ·ҪߡϹϵĺ΢һ㽫룬һ˿ʻơĺðϹָǺɫĺ
ݵֻǰʱǺÿˡ
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š
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ÿһ֡ÿһڽĶУȴֱϵһıͻ𡣡ǿƵʹȥȴԽͱ䣬ǿҵɱüвš

187 ػسҰ

ҪҳһϹε˲ѣҪҳһӵϹۻƵˣҲҲڶ
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СϹߵ׽ǱϹΪãа۰ʹĶаһݵةฮ
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ֻսãϹѾ˽һѩİۣī磬˳ȾǴī߳׵һ㡣
滨ˣɤıѩΪ䡣
ֻͷһۣ΢΢סλһЦ磬ôпˣ
ھסĻϰ𣿡ϹֻһƬѩأϹȴů
ãֻһů紺ӣƽƿߣתŴ̡
˵ѩˤһӣûŰɣϹֻˮɤǺÿ
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ֻͷϹ߹ʱϹȴ֮ǰ֬ôһֱûͿֻʶĳһȻԼǶ̫̫Сõģ˸

188 Ǳ

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ֻһ߳ȥ㿴һͬë޷վ⣬ͷϻһɫñֶֻУһŴŴԲһЦĿʮֵĿɰ
ⲻǲ˭
ֻһ۱߿ˡ
үɰūŸˣֻһߣСС˽վڻ¯ԣһߺһߵ
ҲûϹ̲Ŀһ۱Ĳ룬㽫յĴƿһ϶
Ǻĺ˽ֱСö
үܵиźУγ⳯ϹƲƲ
ĨӰȫϹŽϣһ±ůͶˡ
컹ûڣϽɣϹƲһۻʵʵĲ룬Щ˵ţƨһű
үūˣôܽūŸϻȥأūˣ˭źүϴЦ˵š
㳤𣿡Ϲ˲һۡϣҵүúõ㲻ôҪܵԺղλ滨ūšÿߵϹǰһЦ˵ţǸɫˣūȻʶȤһ
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տʼתȥƫԺ˯ûסƫԺҲ͹Ů˸ռˡ
ʱһֱӵѨ˽ϵ˸ȥ
֪Ҳ˵ʲôǳаһЦ
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ھ͸ȥϹĮ˵ţڱͷۣ
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Դ֮ϹܻԺܣߣֻҲûʲô
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ƼˣĶǶ˶ģϸɤ˵Ŀ˵
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ҼֱǸţֻ˷ܵĶҪˣаôôҲһֲ˵ģ㷢ˣҲˡ
⽫ֻſĵСӳڰɫǽϣǽһĨ޳Ӱһ
žžžڰҩд滨ȻѩȻܹķʵ
˲䣬˷ܵձֻϣĻعվϹһЦĿ
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;㵵ţƽãŻָƽζЩ˼˵ţ磬ʲôʱģ
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벻Ǹܹ˻ش˾Ȼ滨㰡ϹüЦĻš
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189 

֪ͣһˡ
ϹȤҩת˼Ȧ䵽ǽϵֻЦ˵滨Ƶҩܹð
ҩͣ˾ͲˣֻԼĽżش
һֱĻͨͨš
֪аʲô𣿡ϹֻĸǰߴͦεӰһ½ֻССӰС
ǡǸսүֻ˫ַǰϵĽš
𣿡
ûûУҺٳŵģֻҡͷ˵
ҩǲǹõģ
ǡֻͷ
Ƕ˵ʲôڵ˵šǾ͸аŮɫǻаֻܹܳ²ߣ̫ҽõҩãԾҵңֻ˵֮С˵磬ҵûġֻǾģµҩģȻһЩҩһŮ֮ҩ˾ԽԽˡҲǹ׵ĻҾͰ
Ժɣ鷳ġ
ֻҲǸԼһ뿪Ϲɡ滨ûʲôףǰβģϹ˵꿴ֻʼն̧ͷ֮ǰǰĵԣ˶ֵղķӺܺãаһֵᷢġ
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ҪôϹԼв
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ҪʲôĻʲôҩˣϹ𣿷ʱû滨һȰƵŲ°ɣһûɹ˿ɲ㣻ǳɹˣаɲ㣡Ϲζ˵仰˫īֻϣ
һĨԼѰζĹâ
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СǣǲҲģ
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Ϲ΢ƫͷ޳ֱ㸧ɵĲ豭·ϸϸĹš
ԴеһĻ棬ϣҪɱʱ̱˺ܵǰԸԼǲҪ˺
һԸôҵŮӣƶӣȴΪһ¾
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滨֪ҩʱе־ִٺͲԼӣ
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Ҳ֪˭˵ģԽϲһ˾Խǲ׵ĽӽžɣϹ˵ú档
ү֪Сϲү󣬱С㱣˾룬ôַ滨˾ǣ̴Цʵ
ֻǾǸùѣӦõõõĲŶԣϹȴǸһôһش
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ֻǴ˴ƣĶסҲֻ̽һϹķӦ

190 Թ

Ϲ̧ͷվһֻɣ
ֻҲߵȼĻ¯Ժ濾ű֣紵Ķ춳ˡ
⾩ǻ䣬ǰֻڽʱôġ
ĻѰˣϹĵ˵š
԰аǱҲҵҾ뿪ǣҲø鷳ˣҲ֪ҳʲô˵ˣֻû뿪ǣ뿪Ϲ
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ζˣǽҩŪˣֻܵȵˣ
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֪ˣ衣ֻЦӦš
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ͷЩͷ⹬ҩûзζҩ̫ҽԺȴǿ϶С
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ɷףָæұ˾ǵҩһⶼûС
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ԱȥҷζҩǴϢûС
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Ϲ׵ֻеϸ΢仯ŵ¹ˮһȴֺһЩʲô
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191 Ѫ

ϹϽһϿҶ̵Ľ̸±֤֮󣬻ûŮ˵аȥˡ
ȻΪؼĻ֣
֮ϹȻҲͲƵԺˡ
ֻҲݺݵһҩȻҲҿˡ
֮ǰةฮ˿˺齫ʲôģֻҲóͱԺе档
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ׯĻΪֻļСѾߣһֻҪ󣬱ҲûжɣֱӴֻ˶¥ȥѡƤ
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Աֻƽ飬װʲô֪ӡ
Ȼ־ͳſȥ
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ֻıҲһ¶ͫĵϹɻ;ȡ
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Ϲˮ⵭ֻɨһ֮󣬱㵭Įĳ¥ȥ
¥ϵһֱڹ۲Ϲɫδֻ϶ͣĵһ
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վСļˣΪֻԼκʹСƣүע⡣
ֱǰֻһţֻĺϥǣֻ
ϥصĿʯ붳棬ֻˡһֻ·ϥǹѵʹȱֻӴзһʹ
Ϲֻǳ⿴һֻۣӰڵţҲ澿ʲô
ѽôôСİϵı˪ûüأ·ӦЩǡСļģҪǰȥ
ҲߣǹӺ˼ҵСϵôĺãȻҲֻǿˡ
ŵڵϵֻ
ϥǴʹİʹ
ֻҧԼκֻСĵȴʮֵ
ԴԽһα˴򰡣
Ϲûжִһ£СѾȴȻ
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192 㾹ȻҴ

ֻһĲ£ѵĴӵվ裬۵߲·ȷһزׯϢɣ
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ãáӦֻһȳһյ߻˲ׯȥ
ϹֻͨСˤ۵ϥǼѵ߽ϵÿһ缡дʹˮߵӴֻͨۿеʪˡ
ֻȴֻǽҧϵӲϵˮԼ޳
֪һֱǿģٴʹҲš
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⸡ĲϣմȾڽëϵ鶼һĨǿ
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ǿϹ˼תŲׯĻСԸĶǿͣλ￴ˤͦصģȥȲ裬ڰ¯λůů
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СĴֻ߹ʱֻۡ
磬ǲǾǹκ㣬ԡ¼ϹĿֻϣǰɵһ䡣
Ϲ⻰ֻƿ⣬תµڣϲĲƥ𣿡
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С㣬ū澰СԼɿֱֻģϣľһ㣬СصĿ޳ղŲͦ𣿸˹Ƶģһţ˵Լˤģ֪֪ϥǿĵʯ·жֻۣղϥǿĵϵʹ
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һɽС帾ƽ޹ʵĴǧСߵѾߣǳԱ˳ŵǲֻת̧վϹһ¡ᣬҲ˼ֻŪԵɶѣ¼ֻɫ΢һףӲɵĳϹҲϸһҪ
ӡ
ֻǾǰôϹˣȻµ
ڿѾѾɹɰˣǶ˱ߵ
Сģ˵ʵ𣿡
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֪Ūӣ˼ҵūһʡ͵ĵơ
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ˮĻˡҪʧܵĻﶨ죡
СĺݺݵĿֻ۶Ƕ񶾣˵ҼС޲ȥһү˹ϵ岻ģָʲôɸ˵飡
СοǻȥˣֻҪŪˣ˭Ҳ֪ʵˡ
С㵽ʱֻҪҧ仰С
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ϹɫѸٵԵ¼ˣǲίϹǣܵĻһ硭ôô˵ң˵Щ˵ľ˵ģղҴӲׯʱվűߵĿɲֹһһ̴ҸҪ˵˷ǷǸ̴ӦҲ˲ǣҲһ
ֻСЦ˵š
Сĵɫ΢΢һףȴӲ㲻Ҫ׶ġ׶ʲôˣҵ׶С˵ϲүǼ͸С㣡ɲһģһҲˡأҪܹҳһ֤˵Ļ¾һֻҲˣֻüʮ˵š

193 ҪǼ

С仰Ѹٵʹȥüۣǻңɫúѿ
վϹԵȻ޳ɤӽ͵磬û˼ֻүһѡ·ĲƥѣûүǼõģûУ
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˽ŲūΪҪү⣬úǰһţ
ֻǲɵĳ鴤˼£õģڶϹȥע⣿
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һȴ¾ܾˡ
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裬ɷƬľƬʲôĶҪǹִĻҵֿɳԲȥϴ·أֻһЦŵѾɸСģеĶ˵šɲɣҵһأūŶʡģūű㽫߽ˣֻҪߴ˾ͳɣʱȴһЦóһ䣬
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Щƥ͵Ǹˡ
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үСĺϲǼáūԸⱻֻү㲻ҪҪǼøСվĵģ˻ĶϹ˵
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Сģ㲻Ҫ˵ˡȻλҲϲȥɣµһЩʣȴǿʧıС˵һöѣԶû㱻Ҫ
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Ǳ߻ѾֽŸɾĽϺóаõĻõֻǰ
ֻıаõĻãֱ߳š
ں棬ӰԵЩġ
ֻǼĺ뿪ʱµһ̵ʧܣȴǺ޼ˡ
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գܸЩ˶ԻصԺ㲻ͣĶֻ˵ţǽƺ͵ġ
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ֻȴһĽǼôϣһĨϼ㣬߹ţҪҪްůһٱ
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ֻÿжڣȻĥŵů֮뿪ǡ
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춳ˡ
Цһ£ֽŵ˵滨Ǵ뿪ǣ
ǰǳ·̫ˣһǻҵ°ɣһ󺮷ֻʶӡЦһ£ү滨Ѿͷڵ·ÿϴ·ֶ˶滨㻹һòǣ

194 ʲô

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ȴҡҡͷ滨˵ʲô
ѵҿϲĻãү϶ǺءҾʨӴſڡű̫̰
ֻվڵӰҡµӰһ±ͣס˵ˡ
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195 Ҫ뿪

ʵůɫȥʵͦÿģͨһЩĿȴǺǿġ
˵꿪뿪ǣϹ΢΢ͷ㽫ƱľƸ˸ɾ
־רŸЩŮģϰ˺ԾƵˣȻ͸Ȱ׿ˮһ㡣
šֻһͷϹԼһͷ򴽣ƱʣµľҲˡ
Ϲֱָֻ̧һΪھסĲϰߣΪԭ򣿡
ֻ룺ҡҲʺڳҾӦɽ壬ûºʹĸŮҳʲôġ
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Ȼȴʮ滨˵һǸү鷳ǷǳġǻԵģ
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ϹеľƱųɽͫһ𣬴һĨɲĹâôĿֻ
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ܲܵӰô򵥣ܻҪΪأ
Ϲսүȴ˳˵ʲôأ
˵Ϲڵʱûл֮Ϊʲôûл֮
ǱҩɵģӦ˰ɣ
˵ǶԷʵ̫࣬ľѲڣԡ
ϲûб˵ĺۼ
ֻ˵ʱϹһ˶豭Ƕûɱˡ
ȴһöۣܶҸԲӽ˸ɱˡ
ôֻһܣǾǵʱϹû
һֱϹԲɱʱͻȻָ֮˿ڿٵĻָҲ֤ѽ滨ү˵ЩֻҪ㲻ҪΪ֮ǰе˼˶ѡү뿪ǣҲΪҪиһŮӹһ˵ģȥĶ
۸ھǣūŸҸƱܹ۸滨ҲֻеĻϡӺ͹ˡ뼰ʱ߹Բ˳ָֻһơ
һһЩˣŵֻС
׹ζֻȻǲڼȥˡ
˳Ų̨ף·ת˻⡣
Ϲһֱ뿪ǣѾΪ˱չôˡ
пѾڲ֪ǣһϹҪĵȥˡ
취һةฮߺݷһˡ
뽫¸Ū
磬ǸҲϲǸã㽫Ǽøңһܲİɣֻľƺ֮󣬱ҰһͣԽԽȡ
ҺûȺģһҲů
Ϲ룬ƿ˫ЩаȻ֪ϲΪʲôҪǼأǵΪ˳ǡҪ֪᲻ýø㣡
ֻһ仰ЩԾҲûж룬ֵ磬ûὫǼøҵģϾǸãҵʱֻһĵҪѡ
ľ̫ˡֻ˵仰ʱ򣬱һԵľƺ
Ѿ˺ܶˣϹҲҲ˼ٸԼ
Ϲѿһȣֱֻ۾ʵΪ˵ҺµĻԼΪ߳ׯʱߵûҪҵע⣬𣿡ֻ˵ͷ԰

196 Ҫ˵ʵ

֮ǲǾ;ãҺ֮ʲôǵֹϵԲŵǸѾΪ㲽ӶҪҵע⣿
ֻһº촽仹ŹƵĵζԼ֪ΪʤԭѾȾһĨ˵Һɫ
ټôһɰ𴽶ԼһתůɫĹ¿ȥˣֻôһɲǵʱ䡣
磬Ҫ˵ʵ𣿡
˵ɡ
ҾǸѾߵķӦͺСˡΪλȨأŮӵĻӭԾʱ̽ЩҪͨ˦ֶΡˣĻλŮǣ
СǸӦȷʵҪֻһùϵڽɣ
С֮Իôţ½š
ҲΪҺĹϵһô򵥣Ϲһ˫ī˫ֻͫҪϿЩʲôһ㡣
ҾùվһͦģҹҲͦ۰õģҲ㣬ΪʲôȢأ
ǿģʼһֱǽÿѣûκһ˿ĸ顣Ϲƽ˵һ仰ʱһ°θߡ
ֽ̧ƺнʣǵƶľƱУ뱭
ֻ˾ֳͣԴͷϹǾƱеİ뱭ơ
ϹˣָоҲ˵Ǿáÿˡ
ϲƣ
Ҿͦģֻٴ³С࣬һɫĴ
ֻǾЩɶѡȻƺܺÿڲֵز
ȻңǺͦģϹɫĿʪ̺ĴϣȻͦÿġ
ѹҾеɣеȵģֻ˵ֺֻǿɰסԼ糺գȻָԼһȲ裬͡
үЩˣҪūȥȰɣŻûأȾƺġ뿴һµĲˣѹûꡣ
ϹŴû˵ֻתеǰ뱭ƣȴҲȡ
磬㻹û԰ҿСǵĲҲĿζҵϣȥ԰ɣֻƺˣԭͳˣٷֻȥ˯
ҲоͷЩεģ
ûгԷ⣬ϾԹգһϲ
ҲãõĻϲȵľҲ͵ˡ
ֻȻһЦȴˡ
ԶЩɵˣôֻ֮úÿˣȻ֮ǰ٣ȴøΪһЩ
һûɫīɫ֮󣬲˵жྪޣȴһ
ܿ죬ֻһָĹףֱӾͷ˻¯ϣȻ̵ֶĻϡ
һ̷ţһЩʳʳƷһʵ߲ˣĲҶϻմˮΡ
磬Ǿͽڻ¯Գ԰ɣҶӵ̿ȥ̻ܿˣֻ࣬ĽԲϵ˻¯ԣȻϹǰ˼롣
ʲôϹһοֱֳĹһƮźɫͣһƮƹͷ
ģˮģеʳķˮıȽϺóԣеķóԣ
ϹȥѾŵζһ±㽫ѵʳ̼ˡ
ߴһϹĶͻȻ˿ճǼơ
ڼֻ̿һ̧ͷöϹ˫ҫǻ˫
һЦ
ֻֻüӴ˻ȻһЩ˷ˮ棬ˮùͷɵѾˣҲԡ
˼֮󣬱ŵ˿еݸϹȳŰɣӣ
ãϹǵЦЦЩΡ
ǧһ˱һ̳߽ʱ
ϹֻѾȻĳˣ˵Цġ
ʣ˵ס
ǧºͲ뾪ȵ˾ȻǶڵϳԵġ
Ϊ¯СټһڹҲЩ룬ųʵڲ㡣
ֻνֱõӵӣϹҲʼЧ
룬ǧҪһԣвϣֻǧ½кš
Ȼǧ½Ʒ֮󣬱ֱ˳ȥ
ǲӣǰ滨̳÷ƣȵġԾƣүȵģ
˵֮˳ȥ
ӦǴӾƽóģġ
ֻ׼ȥãϹѾ˹ȥӰεֱӽƵУݸֻЩȣ
ֻȴѾȲĽ˹ȥ˹ȥСһڣȻ󳤳ĺһ̫ˣԻҪôĲˬ
Ļ¯ͳ㣬ټϳĻֱӽֻˣôһڱľƣǳ졣
ֻ㹾๾ֱӽ÷Ƶϡ
ϹæȣϾǾƣ
磬Ҳһرˬֻһ꣬ɫĴһƬʪһ͸˵ӣһ㣬Ϊˡ֪Ź̵ĻںһڱľƣˬǸŮӣһڵĺȣ岻ãϹֻһ泩ı飬һ¶ȣյĺα
ԽŨˣβĴһ˿ġ
ûµģ͸ղűȽϿ˵ѣֻȻҲ֪ȵĶθܲãҲһΡ
˵ֱֻһ棬˵ϣһԵģȴļе˼ᣬر˵ĶϹ㿴һҪҪ
ϹֻǿĵƵģҡҡͷ԰ɣ
Ϲ⼦⣬Ǽֻǿеþζһ߿һӺǺóԵӡ
һһʰһ㽫ɾˡ
ֻҵǸŻôĿġ
ֻŶԼǰĹͷ룺ˣҳԵĹˣɣ
ֻеϹУҲ˳ƴϹмһƬţûסֵϡ
ֻȴֽţɫҺȻĽţ¼лصϹС
ϹʵЦ㲻ɵĶֻ滨ˣ
ҪûĻôһţִ֮ݶֵĸͻ
ûУԴźأֻҡҡͷԼˡ
ȷʵԴҲѰ
˵ֻԼڣͷѾðһϸܵĺˮ
ԻԵĻȣ뽫·ˣǶסˡָԼһƣŸպڣϹ㽫ֻеˣЩ࣬ǻȴһƬģ滨ĺ壬ȻˣԺôˣ

197 ϶Ǻ

ֻȴ¶һЦüȾһĨ⣺Ҷ޹ˣޣһӵĹѸҲͦõģֻҪǮС㻹ǹĹԼɣϾҳɹף׶ûгɹء

Ƶ˴󲿷ԴѵģΪͻȴǲܿƵġ
ЩƵ˲Ż˵Լûк
˵Ҫϲ˲ԸȢڲϲûԺ¶ϰֻĿϹ
֪һЩ˵ǺǿôǿҲҪġ
ֻǲ
Ϲ۾ֻκ˵̣Խľ¡۾׺ҹĻеǳһ㣬貶ҫ
϶ǺˣȻôܻ˵Ļ
㸸ÿ͸ЩŮˣһûд𣿡
ǲǳòÿֻš
ûϹֻ˵
Ϊʲô˵ϲأֻٴ·ڣ¶һСذɫϸĲ
Ҷ˽ҴŮˣûʲôøУϹīĿһֱֻϣһƬƽûκεĲ
ʵֻ֪ЩҡŶǾֻ˵ĸʵ̫ˣȻҪ㴫ڽӴӦЩֶθŮ˹ȻҪҩΪʲôͲܴЩŮԭأֻҡҡͷѹϹ
ԸأԸǸã
Ϲֻ¶ͫаţͽġ
ʪ˫һһϣЩϳɵĸ˵̡
߹һĨѰЦ⡣
ʲôûֻǳֱۣЦĿȴҲñЩɦŪˣŮ˻Ҫջ
˵ЩֶθŮˣôϹƿ˫ͳɤʵĴôһЩԵɳơٲһ㴲ܵķʽɫ£ֺġܹ˵赸ֻԡʱ߽ȥȻְɫɫһմˮܱ͸
ȹǰСŪʪ¶ջʮĴ⡭ҪÿĻֻ˵
ϹṴ˹˵Щù㻹и𣿡
ֻǾСͣ˼һ£ԴпٵĹһӾкС˵еڡЦ˵ķģֻ۾ټ߳ƵսүЩͶͱŮĵִ;ҪɹѣǸŮǡϲ
ֻ߳ģ
ƺЩ˽𣿡Ϲֻ˵ͷͷǵɵƿɫ˫Եĳֻһ֣Ƶͳɤ
һ˿˵ĸо
ֻһӼɽöѣż޼漦޹湷ҪĶǣĻǵȥ衣
һſ˵ĻǾȡ
ֻʣϥڵϵһ̲ʱеȥĿܡ
ԴȴѵġϹô˵Ϲڰ֣ⲻǴ˵ģ˵ĶһЩйլԺŮӵ顣ʲô΢еɫūˣĻλԺ谡
δѹСǵ顣ɺˣ˴սҪʡ
Ҽǵһӡر̵Ĺ£˵ֻ˵ϾȻһ˿˷ܣµһˣ²Ĵ˵Ϲ
Ϲȴֱֻ˫ʵͫβߡΡϹܹڲ佫Ĺȥһ㡣
ôһգֲۣôһ¶
㲻סҵģҵ۾Ҫǧٱ𣿡¯̿𳱺ӳϹɫߣ˫īȾ˫ҲһĨȻ糺졣
ֻĿǰϹоģ㲻ɵĻһԴǰӰ±סĺ㶯£ָоһ˫ᲦŪһĿڵһ㣬ôһ˲ԭĽֻ࣡ƺЦͿ֬İźһˣ
ʮֵˬʣһָ㽭ɽļơ
أϹ۾ֻԭʪĺ촽ʧȥ󣬱㽫еݵֻǰ
ֻ֪ˣƽʱֹܲһ
ڵӵĲԣҲǶһҰԡ
ڲӦڸȾˣӦøһȲ裬ȻòȥϢ
ҲΪʲôὫƵݸϣȥ
ʲôȻ˵ʲôĻ
žһ͵ɣ
ЩаҪ֪ģ
ֻϹ˹ľƣȴᳶ´ǣϹҹ𣿡
һ¶۾ҹ»ҫ֮һ㣬·һ̱ܴձԭ
ĻϹЩֲǼ
Ϲ΢΢һЦÿؾۣСڵֻһϯضаɤˣʲôô㲻ϲھѾˣԺˡ
ϹͳɤдԣǾŵҹͻȻһתҡ
˵ҲеҪǺˣӣҲû˯ˣôҹĻֻ۾룬͸¶һ˿졢롣
ȷʵϹʲôô
ҪĻɲ־ƺˡ
һʱˡ
ֻϹݹľƣ๾ĺˡ
ҲˣҲȹˣҲҪȥϢˣллҹգرĿġ
˵ֻ֮뿪˵ûкʵĽŲѾƮˣվվˣ˵·ˡ
ֻĬĬĶԼ˵û·ߡ
Ϲֻҡҡλεˣϴŵһܺءأӷ׵ްȴӲ£۵֫Ťһ
㻹ûָоʲôĸоأϹվߴͦε˱һվֻĸǰĨҡҷζӰȫס
ֻסǣǿԼվãȻ̧ͷվԼǰϹҲ֪ŵľϵģԼģϵǼš
Ҫ㣡ֻ⺬ߵͫкһʮɫѸٵȻԼһֻ߬ȭͷ֣Ϲǰ
ϹҲֻ֪Ҫʲô㽫˳ֻȴᳶ£ԼСַϹĴϣȻ̯ӨָȻĲϹָУʮָš

198 

ϹǵЦôһ˲䱻ס˫ī˫ͫȴʱԽ䣬ʲôͻȻ˽ȥһ㣬˼һص¹ⴺˮ
žָоֻǳһݼľ磬ϹĴгԼС֡
֮һֺʧĸоǵصĳϹϯ
ֻǽǣҡҡλεĴϹ߹
߹һ̣ϹоԼϺʲô͵һ㡣
һǲָ̫оϹعŨīȻֻֻһ˵ӰֻͣüЩɢĶһ£룺ҳóɣ黹Ҫġɣ۾һŮϲ͵Ůӳһ
һĶʲôо
ϹеЦ̻Ű㣬Ѥáÿ漴㰴ֻ˵۾һϲ͵Ůӵݡ
ȻȳǰȴǾ΢΢ɵ滨
ٺͨ㲻Ưȴúܺÿһֶһ޶ĺÿ
ֻתߵϹǰ޳ĸͷֻոպõļͷ
׳ɲͫڱһ̣綼ˣ¹ˮ㾲á
ડһŵ¡ҹԵüΪĴ
ʲôڵϵ
Ĳǰǰϸɫ΢΢ЩȺͳԾ
һڵĵƱϨˡ
ڶîʱɫīڣݶľ϶һ˪
ǻб˪ĽӲϣ´֨֨ϸ졣
һյƣɪĴϣкһŰɫ
ƿţϵĵڴ
Ż¯Ʒڵأʣµʳճһ𣬶˹״
ŽżȥڵĻ¯ůůɢһ黨ްһؾİɢڵBϡ
һһļȻϣŴϵĻү糯ˡ
ţһĵӴϴ
Ϲ˯ţбһèС˶
˵ʱСĻв˲䣬Ȼ̰˯š
Ϲ˯ڻеˣȴмΡ
һֻ˯һ϶û˯š
үϵϹûжٴγһ
ڵȻɣϹ½е˸ˡ
̫䣬̫ůһֱ滨
̫̫ˣ֡
˯ʱȡǳĺȵ籡ϣġ
żзһʶᡢҲġ
뵽Ķбһ¶
ȫûǸ˼ȥ˯¾۾Ŀ˯գһůļʡ
Ϲ뿪ůѡ
ʱѾܽˣϹȴǰߵǰʳָֻıͷϹ˹ΣᣬеżΣ㰡
ʱۼĿϹϲ֪ʱָۡ
ôȥֹү̴һƵϾȻ¶һĨ֮ɫ⡭ūŽȥˣʹŵүūҲû뵽үȻ滨ūŽϽȥʱ򣬿һԭΪүˣ滨ﵱ˴С㣬
үһ϶Ǳ滨˯ģʱۻȥһ滨뻰ܾȣϵȴһƬ絭ᣬɹ紺Ц⡣
滨ǺʹСмƣүľͶôܻὫ滨󵱳ɴСأ󵱳ɴС㣬үҲܡ̴̾һ
ү˵滨ϲʱ;Щˡ
滨˵ʵȷǸùǺùãǲүϲ
̴㲻ӦǼ𣿼Ȼү滨˵үһĻָֻ˵ֻүԼϲŮʱŻת˵Ҳ޵
үһֱڷϣǶڴСĸ飬үǸӶìܵģеϲȴҪֹԼϲ
滨ĻӦүĶˡ
үû滨˭Ҳ֪Ҳֻ˯һŴϣоү˵Ļȷʵһ£滨ݣ̴Щͷۡ
滨ôˣЩ⡣
ֻǶүȻܹ滨Ķ
Ǹ¿ǶүĴˣүû˵ҪȢֻá
³ÿҪ滨ÿˡ
ǸѸ̴ĳ˵檲ϡǴӹ㿴ĸһѸŵģү֮ǰҲ˵ˣ檣
²ҲûãǵүɣүֻһʱͿǧʱ߽Ŀȴǵһ۾䵽ϡүӿɲһʱͿߵʱѾԸˣԺԺ飬滨ﶼˣһūȥѿׯֽŸɾѾ߻ǧЩĪ

199 㵣ʲô

̴㵣ĵʲôǧ㽫̴ϡ滨ǸùҲүүԺҪɾһҵģûгɾ֮ǰǲκڸ۵ģ޿ֻе·ˣҪɾһ
ҵǿ϶Ҫһܰհĺ
үصǺһֱշһһ顢ж
ɴ˱Ҳյøˡ
ү滨δĹﻹ˵
ȴһѸðǻô룿
ϣ̴һΪأֱ¸滨Ūһɸɾݾ˭֪滨أȴǾ̴ЩСˡ
Ϊǵү˵ֱ׾١
Ȼ̴ȴ̾һҡҡͷ
ΣȴΨ
ǾԲүһѸ檵ġ
ǧҲ̴һ̾ΪΣ
ֻû˯ôһľˡ
оȫÿһë׶ůš
ÿһ̵ӷڱҹôϵ˺ҹӱ㲻ˡ
ÿζģһС¶֮⣬ĵطġ
ȾƵԭͷЩġ
ǽŵֻǰĻʱסˡ
ȻϸĻϷ顣
ȴǵϹ֮ʲô벻ˡ
أ淢ʲôˣֻԼԴŬţԴȴһƬհס
ϹģϹòǡ
ܣܣϹôǿôܻʲô
ֲÿϹʱӦǱõİɡ
֮ҲӦˡ
ֻּһԼ壬оûʲôҲûʲôۼ
ӦǶˣϹֻǿòӣ˯ˣԼǻ˰ɣ
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滨ˣһЦ˵ţҲ˼ֹ
ֻĸоЩԾ˵ɲҪᣬǺˣүӦ̫䣬һȥᶳţ˯ˣүӦϾ˰ɣ
滨ϵ㲻ǵˣֻЩš
ҾǺүһԻȻ˵ƶѣǸƣͦģֻԽ񲻶ԾˣȴĬĬš
֮ǧûʲô
ѵĺϵôȥϹأ
滨ҿΪˣ¿һӷ֦ͷأЦ۾ˡ
˵ү˯ģֻɫȴһ½ӲסˣȻһֺ侲ʵ
ǰүîʱˣүһֱϵîʱһ̲ߣң滨ˣһѾأ迪ĵľ͸Լ׹ŮҪ޸аƵġ
ǿɲ⼸һֱ滨Ϧദģү滨һ֣ӵȥ滨Ĺϵ϶滨ߵū澰ƹԺĴС飬밾ôָһ±ˣͱˣ˵ĴҪ
ﻹҪá
Ȼֻ˫ѾȫĴסˣһƬնͰûڡ
תתĽǻصϹС
ôһȦΪʲô
裬˵ʵҺү˯һݣһŴֻһ˿ϣ衣迴ֻ飬ЩƵĵ滨ôˣѵүˣһϲԺҪ˵˰ҪΪү³ӣǹλ
үڻûȢأˡ
ֻһֱһͷײô죿
Ϲô£ˣѵ۾ҲϹ
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Ҳøˡ
ôƽ˾Ĺȥˣϵʱߵֻǵĸǰүæû滨˯ɣٸ¯Щľ̿
ϹźأԽ˵ϹֻһʱͷԷȡ
ȹϹò˵
ֻ뵽⣬ҲԵķģ˯ˡ
Ϲĸ¯Ҫ֮ǰůͶˡ
ԺֻоʲôůĶĽŸסˣһ岻ɵ滺һ¡
ǰŵůһ´ӱг˳ȥ
ֻʶš
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׼ȲȿʲôأĽžͱˡ
ЩˣĴʲôʱôһ
ȻֻԴȴһ͵۾ƵĹߴǰӹ㿴ϹڴβĿ
һ͵ѸٵĴϹϳ˽š
ʲôֻʮֳԾĿϹ
ļͷ¶ޱһƬϮ
ȻϴĽŷСϸůţ
𶯣Ľ̫ˣòײŸȵġϹȴº͵ֻ˵һȻ
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һֱڹ·֮ұ̹ˣ㲻Ҫ룬ûй˼ֻԾı飬ϹȴΪôŹ˼룬ˡֻͣȻֱ壬קһޱϣȻڴǣ磬ϣ㲻Ҫᣬˣʲô飬ûǸ
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滨ҵˣϹֻһƲϵ飬ɵĿ˵
ֻҡҡͷ磬ˣҲ֪֮ʲôԡ͵ʲôûзˡ
ˣҿûһֱ֪ʲôϹ΢ͳŨɫһƬġҼȻұϴ˵һһ֣ٿһϹһֻĸǰڳֱֻǲ϶һһԵĵҪ˵ʲô鶼ûз
ÿһ缡Ҷˣ磬๫ʬδҾ飬ôԵϹһ仰ЩңȴǿԼ侲Ȼҳɡ

200 

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еĵ˶Ӧþ߳ܺβŶԡ滨֮ǰ֮˶֮ⲢûĹϵҴûйʹҲδ棬ⲢҶһ֪ǲǵ๫Ӧñ˭
Ϲǰһ仰ﻹܵһ仰Щͳ
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ˡ
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һֱڵϲǽƺʹ޵滨ĶԲ㰡ԺҪţĳ㡣ֻվһԿһҪ飬Եӡ

202 һ

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ҹڷߣһֲڿգԭķȴǱһذ״ӷ϶˽׾ٵı㽫ˡ
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203 ҲԸ

뵽һƬĬУСʱůķҲ֮˽ĺƻһĲҽ
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ֵֻʱֻͳϵͨΪܹͨء
سǵʿȴֻͨ뺣ϸĿ֮󣬱㲻ܹȥ
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Ȼֻĺسʿһӣسʿûжһ£ֻϽȥ
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204 үʲôϵ

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ɫŸոշмлкһֻֻöǽǣŽŵš
Ǯׯһţֻ̳˽ȥҪ
ǮׯĻƿ˿֮󣬱ЦŽƱֻֻԲ𰡹ʱҲˣ
Ϲֱޡ˵
Ϊ˽ھǣֶζˣ
ֻҪｫϹʮ˴ͳͳʺһ顣
УԽͱҪ뿪ǣ뿪Ϲ
п֮󣬽ֵϵҲĶ
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漴֮󣬱̸ȥ
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һ߱㽫ֻϵİõµĸǰ
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ԣǸѾ߲ŸʨӴſҪǼ
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205 ζҵŮ

仰ָ̧һ߬ճһȭͷķüȾһһ㲻ǸСѾ߶ѣƾʲôΪүôľ㣡ҪҴةฮ㿴ү᲻ةฮ㣡ֻһü¶˸һĨ⣺ˣ㲻ֵֵ֪үôľ
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206 Ǻۣ

Ǻۣϣֻʶȥӣڶϸļ壬ǼԼеļλûκεĺۼȻû뵽ȥԼĲӣ˭֪
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207 ô

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ԩңҪôңϹӿ¶Ϣ籡ֻϣŲҶ㣬ֻ΢΢Щ̡
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ڸ˭˵Բ𣿡Ϲ۾ƽӵĿֻ۵һĨЦ
үԲ𣡡ֻͷһֱţϹͻȻϮҪҲϹϿЩʲô
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Ѳ滹һЩ֪飿
ԣն˵ţҸ㣬Ҫǽյүһ֡ģֻҪа취뿪үҾԲү˵ҸղŶү˵ĻӦöԼǱŪʲôүˣ˵㻹ܶһЩֻ
ֱӽµĻɫݶֵ˵š
ͲµϹһ£ΪܹϹ֮ĶԻ
ҲһٶǧҪʲôҪˡ
»ᱻһǽ֮Ϲʲô
ʱݺݵһֻӺɱһ㣬ҪǧС
ȻֻȴûٹЩȵʱʱ򣬱ĵĴ߳˷
һʼûҪ°뿪ǣҪͨĽةฮѡ
ɫֻᳵ·ةԺ䡣
׵ıܿѲߵ֮󣬱ذ˿סţѧġةѾ˯ˣʱߴϤŮ㲻Ρ

208 Ϲ̫

ةһ½гǻﻹǴ״̬
ңЩֻһֱԼֿ͵ûԼЩϰˡ
ةˣۣվڴǰӰɵ㶣Щϲˡ
ǻ½մǸ滨ֻ֪Լӷ׵£һˡ
ةһ¾ʹӴЩʣǻ㾹ȻǻҶݷ˵ˣ˵֮ʱүôˣ
үҴģʱүỳɣûݷٻˣǲڲھǣֻǵʱмƣǶûмݷ
ͲݷҪôھǣҪô֪ʲôģ
ôүصˣةʮֵľȣԻסΪɽϳةฮȻةฮˣ㲻֪аͽ˶סةฮ㡭ûбǷ֣
ֻͲµˣһ·ûеƣȫڵϹģӦûаɡ˵˵ʱүΪʲôôصˣ񡭡ûκλ֮
ֻ㽫յ鶼ةϸ˵һةһƬ˼漴ѹֻ֪ɽԵʱͻȻд̿ʹɱүǱаȫ书Ǳ˵аǼٵģʱ
аҲԼǲдˣٺүʹɽȥ
ٵģֻЩ𾪵үʱĲ书ǺأһֱүʧٵϢţΨֳսңðվţֻǶаھӪͻҩҲɽҵаĲ֫ҲµľǼٵаǻϾѲү䣬һֱ޹ºаͻȻ˳͢ϣóһϵйܶˣᵳ˽Ӫͨѹ֤лͼамٵ֤Ҳ
ǣУݶ˷ţı£ة˵겻ص̾һ˵аͻػԻʺĴСةྫ˸ںҹһĨĹâаӦɳǱ׼Ȼô֤ݣһϦܹռ

ֻû뵽̶µʱ䣬ǾȻô飬ȻھǣȴʲôϢûݶ˷ţı֪
ǡǸٵаһô˵Ҹҿ϶ʱµľаˣȻôصôģҲ֪аϵĽǣ˼ٰսмƣһԸӷѼܶ˺ͽ֤ˣڿȻةҡҡͷںڰе
ɫһƬӡԣӦ֪Ҫ٣ʱǡû书ԲŽƾͼƵġһˣһֱչڶǧҵˣȻլԺˣڼ
һֱڿŸӣ롭ӦڱԼֻ۾ϹԶĻҪǿıԶǡ
ڼ䣬Ҳ˳ᢵųеһһ
ֻ꣬꣬ʱ䣡ةԽò˼
ʱΪһսη壬ս޲ʤսүһ漣
Ȼڼ䣬ԼȻ쵽Զڼľ
⡭Ѿ漣ˡ
ֻüëһֱţڵϹ̫İˣе¡
ֱһΪѧԵĳϮһô̵ʱڡ
ô̵ʱ䣬ҪսҪԼȻҪ쵽ѾκιϵĳУһ׼ݵֱȡʺ
һܵ飡ҪôڰҪôֱֻةࣺ֮ǰһֱâñΪƽӹôĸ΢˻ϵǵ谮ڹûκεĿɽ
ټĸͻȻȥʱʵڲúԼĻǳ˲¹ͷĻʹôܻ񣿡
ֻԽԽ¡֪Һͽһˣȴʲô˵֪ƭȥɳǣȥˡʵϡļƻУֻǸطſԱܿô˫۾ж̺αװûκιǵ̥ǣȻٵĳɳһߵ̬ع飬ʱһֻСһֻӥû˿׵۵ĳ
һë
ةԱɫҲԽԽءҲûеôϲңҲΪҵòҲҵĿɰֻΪةฮĵճŮҶΪѾ͸ңΪ˴ﵽ
ԼĿģԲŹǷ޶۵ģ
ֻʱϹ˵ʱ񣬲Įݡ
ǰУûеĶ
ȴĸûжġ
ǰƮһһƬҶ˶ѣةԽĳĻһж͵ͨˣ⵱Żϵ棬ԼаʵֻҪԼû书ʵףԼΪһ佫
֪û书ĻĺʲôǰһŬ׷ѣŻգһаع飬һӽôܹܴ˵֤ΪڸסǸܣҲǡλĵһة༸Ԥõδһг͢лᷢ
Ѫꡣ
书ûлָֻеȵһսŻ֪
ĻҾΪʲôһֱҪҴؾˣȻֻɱңֻ˵һ仰ʱΪĺ
Ϊ֪ϹܣҪǽаˣ֮˵˵ȥĻôȴϹĻʲô֪ʺһЩҪϹΪصˣǿ϶ιŵġ
Ļһٵñӡ㡭ΪһֱΪѾ˰ŵû뵽㾹Ȼ»صаߡаڻ֪𣿡ةǽû뵽
龹Ȼӡ
ֻҡҡͷȥĻĴò˼֪ҵˣ
˵ǿͿ£˵ӦǶģ
Ӧûиģ
ھ֪ͨݷ㣬ӵʲôطȥԶҪٻˣة˵űҪ´
ȻȴǱֹֻˣڲߣ֪ܣôܻ׵ķңǡ

209 ү

ֻȴʱóö塣
ةһЩסˣŻƵĹϸϸĿһ飬ŵү壿
ǣҵģϹеѣҪ˵ûиĻΪʲôҪǸԲأ
ΪʲôҪôҪأ
Ҫ˵иĻʱΪʲôôİֻһͶѡ
үȻ㣿ةЩš
ǣ˵ϲңΪȥͰҡϹȻûп˵֣˼Ҳܽӽˡ
ةòŵҪͱˣүȻܹôҪĶ㣬˵ĸ鲻һ㡣ĻǼٵģ̫ˣҲκεĹϵȰҵһµݡֻ۾룺һиݣϵҺݳ
κ˵ӣҵڶʱ޷ı䣬ֻлвܶϹ׷顭
ֻһ˵ţһѾԺϹһˣ϶ȥңȻǵĸ䡣
ԻҪһߺˣڴϹע⡣
֮£¸Ϲһķ
ʣµľǲغˡ
ԲϹˣҲǲϹϳ
һûϹҪȥˣʱҲûôʱ;˰ɣ
ֻ߳ԺʱһӰȴͻȻǰ
үȻöˣͲҪˣǧǱɫҪֻ˵
ǧ³ֵһ˲䣬ֻ඼ǧ֮󣬲ŽҪĳĸȥȻʵ㶼ˣ
ǧͷ֪үΪʲôû𣿡
Ϊʲôµĺ紵ֻʮֵ䣬ȴҲ˲Щ
Ϊ㣡
ΪңֻЩˡԣҩүסԼȫѨôͻȻĴ˽ү˹ԲŵүʧģǧµӰվƽ˵⼸
֡
ֻʮֵľȣû뵽Ϲʧȥô˵¸ƽˡдүĴ̿;үŵģʱҺͲ붼̴ֻ֪һ֪Ϊʱү̴ԹֵķָǶûУֻѡðյķʽ
ʱ򣬻ἤڵͬҲû뵽үûлָǧ˵ͣһ£󣬻үָ
ѵȥ˲Ҫ˺Ϲʱ
ֻû뵽ӣүûеô£Ҳûôǧӳɢڼͷĳ紵𣬵ȴʼնδһ£㲻֪үɳǵ궼
ʲô㲻ᶮ
ΪʲôҪ˵ЩֻѿĴ紵Щ֮ۡǰϣߵԶԶģүͲ˷ʱˡڣµʱүҪȥˣⳡս۶ҪҪˣү϶ỨѾȥҵģ

ҲߣүͻᷢҵݣֻǧµĽͣǵҲүһŮ鳤ˣⳡսۼȻҪͿ϶ΪһŮ˶ģ
ѵûúõݺүǰ𣿡ǧ¿ֻһһ˵ֻȴҡҡͷˣûǸʸӦӵиõģӵһܹˣҵո˵ϻ磬뿪ƹܵĳãԵʱҰﲻүʲô
ռǸλãүһиĻǵʱǸүΪѣ
ǧ±Ĵɵܰһ˵Ҳԣ
ĲΪʲôҪңǧȫ԰ݸүģʼնûС
ԺͻˣҰĲ㣬үǧ²ɵ¶һĨЦ
һֻǳҹʧߣЩңҲЩ£
֪һ֪֮ҪôϹˡ
Ҳǲ֪ȥ֮ҪôܱܿϹദһԼݡ
ֻʶԼϵ˰̣İ̺ѾܵˣǴлڡ
ֻҪϹ߿ôһж˵ˣ
һֱʱֻŴةฮĺųû߶Զ㿴˲Ӱ
һصͣڰǰһƿ㿴ϹСڵĿе飬ֻ΢΢¶һĨЦ
ֻһֻ޳֣
ֻһۣûнԼַϹϣԼ
ʱץȥٸɣһҪȥ˱ϲܻϹı΢΢ţֻɲ̫Ը⿿ԼӣЩΡ
бҪȥ𣿡ֻеİһߣС˵š
ȥȥĽһ
ܸϹҲֻеĻˣ
ȥɣʡȥֺ֮ڣٺ֣Ϲ΢΢˹һĨº͵Ļȣ
ϹǴֻӸõĺŽȥġ
ӵϢĸôһľ֣Ҫ֪ƷȥаŰݷõʸûеġ
ϹȴͻȻһ죬κųĴݹ٣ǼȻ̿˷ܡ
ܴˣظˣһλųƱǿаռٸĸΪȥùٷðɣϹĶŹڵϣϹϾܴ˵
⡭үǡܴԵ̧ͷվϹĹǷѽ⡣
ܴҪ汾ϽãϹɫ΢УһĨĺڵˡ
ǣǡڵϵܴŵ̵ͷӦȻϹҪǻٶá
žºˣкԩҪˣܴսľһˣ˵ЩˣСû˿ϡ
ֻվ¿һܴԱߵϹҪܽϹؽηǹõתˡ
滨ʲôԩ͸ܴ˵һܴ˱һ仰ϹҧļأɫĴŵЦ
ǣǡܴ˸׼ͷҡҡͷĿǵȨ㳯ҰаһССĸãʸȥа
У˵˵ҪҪô
ֻ׼ʱϹƵƮ˹㲻ù򣡡
ǣǣ滨㲻ù򣡡̸ܴ͵ˡˣҪֻ̧һָָϵϹһѸɷû£Ͱǿռߣ뿪ǣҵɣҪҸңɥΪĶӣΪŮֻԼ˵üΪĿί

210 վ᲻õ

ܴȴصһ¾ľ󵨣үǻ׷Ʒаδ䣬һҶûУôǿүң
ܴ˵֮СĿһϹ
ҪаԴˣ϶ֱӽŮӸϳȥˣģһץһѣǸѸаôǿأ
˵Ůӹүδ죬ŵġ
壡ֻڻе˳滹е¶ȡ
ܴһˣ°ͶҪˣæһԵϹ
ʣǲŮ͵ġ
ȻϹȴͷˣ
һµܴѰˡ
ү滨˵Ķʵܴ˹һСĵš
Ϲȴҡҡͷǣ๫ˣһͲ๫Բڱɥһ˵ıϣ
ôǣǣ֮Ĵ񶼿Ը֤ģ̷ֻ
ýˣ֤ݹãû룬ôɷأϹֻƽ͵˵š
ԣûݹãɹףô˵ǸɷأôܸүɥأܴҲֻֻʱŸ΢ӲһȴҲǴŹά˼
ֻ֪ӣҲˣǿռҸŮô˵
ܴٴϹ¶Ϊѣү滨˵ġӦòʵɣ
ʵϹﵹϵʮָɴࡣ
¿ܴ˷ѣ⡭Ҫôа
滨үƷа֪жŮҪаүˣĪңӦø߸˵ĸүȥ檲ŶԣֻܴתʼȰֻˡֻȴֱͦ壺Сϰû檵ĸֻȢޡҵҼ޸һڿ졢˼ңҺõĺޡҲΪģҾԺ󰲰ĵĸޣҲŲҪ
檣
ֻһ仰ֱܴƿԣǷζҪըˡ
Ůôһϰ޸õү檲ȼ޸ͨҪǧٱ
ҪŮ˵Ļ԰ȸϣԣûŮ
ǡҪôܲүȢɣֻһɽĴãһѸټòϸ˵Ǹүҹġ
˭үأĺ֪үǵˣ
ҲҪȢңֻ˸ף뿪ǣҵ֮壡ֻ˵⻰ʱЩᶨ͵͵ĿһϹϵı顣
⡭ܴⱻмΪѡүˣֲԸ⣬ͨ˵ĻҲܺõУǶԷү
ܲаɣڶɴñͱסˡ
ȸ˵˵үôǿռģ㵱ʱηģֻܴӲͷƤȥ
ֻϸ£ǽ滨˵٣϶Ϊġ
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үԸԸ檣˵Ը⣬ȻүҵķͶǿ
ֻܴ˵ĻоûȥıҪˡ
ȻһߵϹʼն˵ֻý
з
ҵȻУһŮһսүĶְ
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ôʲôⲻЭѵҪɱ
ҵȻûУҵֵвֻ
֮ү͡ǿռǰɣܴȻһ٣ڹٳô꣬Ȼ֪Ҫεıؾᣬүΰ滨ͷϡ
ֻҪŮ˵ǣͻŮó֤û֤ݣͲϣ
ֻһ£ЩߵĵûңǱ˯һ
ܴһ⻰ٴһ¾ľȻүֻǱ˯һû壬ôܽǿռأܸ棬֪ܸ浱ʲôܴˣЩϸڣͰɷɣֻ׼ʱϹȴʱڣΪ嵭ڵɫһƬƽ䣬˷ֱ治е

²ܴסˣֻҲסˡ
⾿ʲô˼ѵҪߡ
ү⣿ܴΪѣһ˫ƽüһ֡
ͰձǿŮ죡Ϲ˵꣬⣬ḧֵСĴָɷҪôУ
ϹԽƽֻԽĲ
үܴ˵ȿʼˡ
ӷͬôоôУϹ˵ţҪռĻͷܴÿŴ򿪣ñȥϳȻǱû
ֻԽŪϹˣǴˣ
ܴͷϵ亹ֱðҪ潫үؽȥˣͷֱӲˡ
˵Ļ𣿡ܴöûжϹٴοڣˡ
ֱܴ˲κεԥʼڿˮɷӦȴʮ壬Ȼռ࿴£
ܴ˵仰ˣ
ǾȴɣϹģԵú⣬漴վ
ٲȻһҪ̴ӡ
ǰܴ˺ֻ˸Żˡ
ɫҲ΢΢Щ仯ֻʾɫ
ү¹ٲңֱܴ˫һ
㲻ңɱ㣡Ϲߵ£ֻվһȴδȥֻ
̾ߣϹǸɴſ˳ϣȻֳ̹ȴûһҶֵġ
յ±׷ɣϹǲ򣬱԰ﷸԵɽܸԼ˵ȷ߽
ɴñǱסˣɣҪ
ܴ˿ɥһ׼ֻǰֻ̧֣ȴǱϹһ˻ȥ
ֻñűľ
̹ѳһĺĲǱ˰õа
ȴֲòӡ
Ǵȥʱֻ̽еˣˣҲˣ
е˶һ
ܴ˼ֱ˫ֺʮֱŷ汣ӡ
ĲˣϹվ˫¶һĨЦһĨˮᵴ
ˣҲߣֻʹͷС˵š
ֻҪղûҿ϶ߣϹƿļᶨ㽫ֻ§뻳ҸˣԼѡߵġ
ҿ֪۴ȥˣ
һˣʮûʲô
ֻϹղǷּᶨ̬ȣͦìܵġ
վ᲻õģϹ⣬īˮĿֻһĨЦ⡣ʱߵܴ˵ĸǰЦúأܴˣ֪ôɣүɲ´ȥ

211 Ĳ

ǣǣ¹پؿƿյ͸¶κһ֣ܴ˸ոиٴνɫ˵ţ¹ٴδү
ش⣬ֱ뿪ˡ
ҿʵĸȥԺҲˣǱԼ£ֻԽĺˣϹµһס
Ҫʽ﾿û
ʱǴ˵ĻϹһߵġ
ȻЩԵȴҲǲ֮ǰһֱᶨĽߣƾǾʵеϲġ
ֻǵԼΪǸٸһζӱܡ
ºˣϹĲ׵ķˡ
˼ԸˣϹǰֻǳǳڵɫĴӿҪֻֽԼֻȴǱȥ㲻˵ʱ֤һеһȥ֮ǿǰദ㲻ҵ壬׼ң׼ңǲ׼˯һǹ˰
˼ûĻҾ͡Ӧ㣡
УֻĻ˵꣬㱻Ϲˡ
ΪʲôҪǵʱǸүһҶԿֻתЩ߷ߵ˵š
ûõ֮ͬǰҲҪ㣡ϹȴǴյֻ˵ôһ仰ٹ£ҾҪ뿪ˣһ֮Ҳȥˡ㲻
ºϹĳϦദԣôܻأ
ֻҪ׼ãͿ뿪ˣҲʮ졢顣
ϹҲӦ壬Ϲˣ˯ȻڸעһЩӦܳŵùȥɣ
˵ˣͲֻ滨Ը˵ķʽֻźܴ
ȻϹֻ˽⣬Ҳôöûзʵݡ
˵ģҴ·ĵط㶼׼׼ס׼ֻ֮󣬱Ӧˣ֮˵һ䣺ֻ
ãϹڵͫǳǳĻһĨҹķǡ
ʲôֻϹԽԽȵϢ籡ϣЩĲ㡣
ĲϹ΢ͳɤӴ³
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˵ҿ㣬㡣ҪˣĻҲˣˣϹƿ˫ǽݷ京ѩȾһ糺Ĵꡣ
ֻʹͷˮתӲסתţ۾㡭԰ɣ
ҪϹף֪Ҫô׷
ҪǣϵҺÿһ¾ҪһЩϹôῴЩʲô
áϹӦĺˬ죬ı㽫Լ۾ˡ
ֻԭֻҪѵˮƵһ£ǵĴյϹĸǰʱϹȴ͵ؿס
أԽѹʡš
ĴһƷ㣬ȲƷš
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ȻϹȴǲ˿಻ݵľһΪǵ̫ңȻһ˿߳ܵĿˮ
ˣˣֻĽϹƿ
Ϲȴ˫һֱӽ˻УᰴסҶԴš
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ǵԺһ·ϹûŹֱֻ˫ˣɿ
һֻͣ̽ϹƿǶһ㣬Լ׵˫ܡ
Ϲǹˣ˱ûŮˣ
ȻĵľûгʲôѺʲôġ
ū澼ֻԺʱſھȻվĸͳһΡԲ޵ѾߣǰͷվŽ̬ͣ׵֡λڹźȥֱҲϻˣӿǻ˺Щ붯ֳɽġԺʲô±㽻ִؾ͸ڱԺﰲ
ס£ʲôҲ룬ҲŲߵֻĸǰһЦݺ˵š
ֻһѹλֿȥȲ費û뵽Ȼǹˡ
ϹҪʲô
źģලģֶŹֵ֣λ滨ӸսͻĺܡﲻȹĹˣûôĽ͹أʲô¾;Ź
úõչλӣ
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ڹźˣôǸʡ͵ĵơ
˵ҲҪԼչ˺Լ̶ֻŲ˵
ɲȴǰЩֻôأЦŶֻ˵ǲϰߵĻǰӦһ£ΪֻҪʱһӿ϶ǻὫӻȥġ
ᶨûκλص˵š
˵ָֺ˼䣬뿪ˡ
ֻҪԼСԺʱȴվĸǰ̬ȹȴĵӴԺססԺˣСԺסĵط
ֻǰĹ֣൱ļ֡
ලҵģǿҵģֻ˵һֱӵš
ֿڹźģһɽҰãоֻҰ϶Ʋϡ
ᴦԼܽ˵ֱӼܿΪӵȨ
ĸѾߣһͺɬǸմѿׯģδѵء
ūźģɫȵ˵ţʼնһֱΪ˸еĹӣδԼǹеˣֳһ˿һİ಻κԽصΪ
ֻû˵ˣתͳԺȥ
С㣬ū澿滨Ų빫ߵһصУлһˣӦǡү̶߽ݣױǰ
ɫױϷһŵ֬Ϲ͸Ļ
֬Ͽŵǽʱֱϲ
ΪԭҪ͸ģȴ͸˵үбȽ㻹ҪҪ
Ϊ⵽ǱҫһȻȴûжٷӦ
أȴͻȻôһˣ͵͵ĽˣԭһУ͵͵ߡռˡ
ȴûа취ǰ㵭޷Ӧ
޵˼㣬޲ھͽ滨ɱ
籾Ӧģ
ΪʲôΪʲôǸ滨ΪĺͽһǴݵ΢һѸֶʶ

212 µķŭ

羿ϲʲô
͵վױ̨ϵǺ֬Ʒڵء
˲װھ֬֬һء
С㣬ŵ֬һֱϸϸţΪİϧô̶һ¾ˣѾѵ֬
ǽģҵģ¶ͭе˵ԭһĵڴʱø¡
㣬Ҳţ㿴֬ʱһںֻǱֵĲںѡ¶ͭ˵ţÿһֶ޾ĺ⡣㵱ʱһһ޼ˣŭ˰ɣϾүϲ꣬㸲ʱ⡣㿴үҺã϶һԭԼĶ˶ߵĸоɣµ˫
ĳױ̨ϣһ˫Өѷ죬˺֮ǲʡ
ȴƿͭЦû취֪ǶģҲòˣԡԾֱӷˣ
㵱Ҫûߣ֪үһС檣ô϶һɣЦԽ
С㣬С㣬ôˣ̶æǰǵš
ã²ϵЦ⣬Ȼе֮ɫȴԽŨңֱ
ȥСĽйһᣬ˵껹һüͷ
ǡ̶ԥһ֮󣬱ͷ˳ȥ
˵Сıᵽ˵·ΪµչˣҲûʲôصĻ
ԱĴʹѾǱȽɵġ
⵷·ôȴҲȲ÷ߡ
һС˵ҪСı¶һĨϲɫС֮ǰ˵ȹʱὫµǲȥġ
ȴû뵽Ȼô졣
СĴϲ˲˫ֱȲĸű̶ȥˡ
ǸһȥЩԾ
Сǰױǰ밲ʱ
䲻ı㽫ǰȼյĻ¯Ʒڵأ졢̵ľ̿һء
ȥޱȵ˵ţű񡢽ȴޱȡ
С㡭СһһĿ£Ȼ֪ʲô£ǲūʲô
Сıһ뵽᲻Ǳ̶µǰ˵Ļݺʲô
С˶
ҹȥԲֱֱĿСģɭֲ
Сһ¾Ϳ޳ϵǾֺС㣬ūʲôҪͷū澣
ʲôվǼɫĽѣʦҪȵľ̿Ҫ޼֡
㵱ڲׯǰסүүῴǸ滨𣿡µͽСǵ˻ߵĺ仰ʱһͷеĸһ㣬׺ݡ
С㡭˵ʲôүǸ滨ˣСĲŵĵɴ۾
Ǹ滨κʹСЩƶѣò˵ǺͶСˣǺȶ֮ǧ
үôܻῴǸ滨أ
ԣүǸ滨ˣҽջةฮȥԽ˵Խŭ˫ԲҪۿеɳһ㡣
Сһ¾;ŵĹС㣬ĪŪˣүôܻῴǸ滨أ
ߣС׶Ļм٣µĲָŵϵľ̿ȥ
СĿɢڵϵľ̿ȻȥẠ̊́ȴǺľ̿¶ȴҪշеˮĻҪĸߡ
Ҳȥ϶ᱻ̵һƤ⡣
С㣬ū澲ǹģū澰ɣūźô꣬˽ū澵ģūÿһ¶ΪС㰡Сĵ¶֣ץסµȹǣסš
ð˵㶼ΪҺǰɣȥɱǸ滨ԶʧүǰºĶС˵ţΪĵ׼ŭͺٿʼŤ
СС㣿СĻµˮѾдת
͸ҹȥѾʧȥһ㡣
Сˮĳľ̿Ųȥָһ̵ľ̵̿˻С㣬С㡭ū澰ɡū澵֪үῴǸߴ滨Ǵū澣ūҲϽֽүˣǲǰ滨һˣСĽͷصĿڱĵ
ǡˣˡ죬˺󱳷
ȻµȴǺݾ֮ɫСĵģȫ޶ԣȫ
С㣬ܹūһλģū澡ūһСĵĶͷȻĳһѪӡҧҧҲһĨݡ
һǿѹסеŭ⣬б۾ĿŵϵСģô
СūһЩʱ䣬ūһһСһĽҾԲ۵С㣡С˺ģˮݡ
溮ɪóȥˮ㱻һ
ֻȴԡͰУƬŨֻʱʱ˽ԡͰеˮ
ÿһë׶ð
ֻԽ붬ϴʹһˮ衣
֮ǰǼԡֱòҺʹˡ
ϴ֮Ҫ㹻Ŵ·
ӣסԺС
һжְŵ׵ǱѩأȴǴů
ʱˣūź°ɣֻ׼ܵʱ򣬹ȴʱ˽
Ҫڶݻֻ۾ҡҡͷ˫ůˮе
Ҳû˵ʲôֱ˳ȥ
⴫ֹӣ˵Ҫһ
ԲۣϹȻѾˣ
ΪҪæܹ
ֻһ¾۾ȻѸٵȻ·
ϣϹ˽
˵Ҫݻ𣿡ϹվУɰ㣬˳Ⱦ
ҺֻѾ£ϹúʵѽԼסôôȥ
ãϹòʵУ˿Ĵɤ
ֻʱϹϿеӡ
ǵģôæˣͲҪ
úõЪ𣿷ǵ죬ԶܹҲǲ¶ġ
ֻױ̨ǰһ¾СͭϸϸļһԼֱԼȱҲһ˿ʱ
ŽСͭƾѾ߸ʪͷ
ʱȴǳİױǰױϹȴϰĿӡ
˶ţæԼ飬ȥǾáֻһ˲Ļ㱣ǾȻгദȥҲͦõģ

213 е

һ룬ֻ㽫ͷˣ
Ϲ
Ǳָֻ֪ʲô³أ
Ҳͦ棬߹ȥϹֻ
ϻ¶飡
ȻҲֻ룬ֻҪźµ֮ͻԥ뿪
ٺãҲǷĵģҲҪ
ΪСڲܼԦĶǾ״ģ
Ϲеӷ£̧̫Ѩ΢΢̾һ¶һĨεЦ⡣
ôˣҲ
ʱһѾ߶һˮϹݽţѾߵһֱ쵽󴦣Ƶ£Ѿߵֱϸȴʮֵİ𪣬ǵϵһɫعɰۡ
Ϲɴţһ±ֻʱ
ڣմȾ˲ٵȻϵعɰȴһ˲ۣôһĳ嶯
عɰȻҲˣ
ڵΪϹݽŵѾ߲֪ϹˮὫմʪӸһЩˮУϹĦŽơ
һֱһԵĹ֣һĻ۵ףǵû¶κεı飬ֻǾĿš
ӣˮЩˣūȥһѾһ̧ͷ䲻ײϹ˫š˫ʱ
ˣϹջԼ⣬ĵ
ֻԭΪϹᰲ֣û뵽˴֮ȴǳİ֡
ֻڻʹͱԺرˡ
ϨôˣҲ˿˯⣬ڤţ˼ʲô
ϹֻЩˣ㲻ĵתһۣǺڰʲô壬ֻ֪ĺһһǳѹʲô
үǲ˯ŰֻԱĻŻŵģܸоϹ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ʱôĲ֣˴ţûк˵һ仰ûжֶŵġ
Щˣ׵ĺҹУϹĿڡ
ֻɫ΢΢һ٣˭ˣ
͸ҹɫϡϹ۾ŵģ˵ֵʱ򣬸ֻ͵һ
δޣ𰸵ֻ⡣
ʲôҪɱǡ
ǰϹתͷǰֻ֪Ķúòãˡ
ڳҹȾһŨīڵľˣ
ֻоԼĺ΢΢ЩˣڶϵֲɵսȻȴɺȻƽΪʲôȥ
ҪĶȥңϹᣬȴ͸¶һֵıˣͺһ븸ĸʧɢĺӣ·ԼĸĸĶ
ΪʲôҪߣֻøˡ
˷ʱϹ˵ʱǰĮİȻĻеǳŨص˼
һģ
ϹƫͷԼĶͷֻĶͷϣ૶ƣңΪʲôҪߣ
ȵϢоôһ˿ľζ
һ仰ֻ񾭶ˣԴһ˲תš
ѵ֪ˣ
ֲô֪ΪʲôҪߣֻƽĵ
Ϊ޸ң㲻ԸҵһϹٴοڣͳдԵɤ·ܹ˵ֻһ㡣
ֻţȴԽˣĶڲ֪гһ㺹
Ҿô𣿡Ϲֽſڣǹ嵭ľζƺŨˡ
үô˵㲻ᣡֻʶĳһ
ϹȴҲû֮ǰǰ㳯ֻƽ
һ㷴Щࡣ
ΪʲôҪأҲǸү˵ǸŮˣ䲻𡭡Ҿ޸ܹҹһˣϹô˵ֻԽԵýӲˣүԺ϶кܶ檵ģ˵
δҲ
ҺãǱ˴˶˴˵飬ȻеĻһᱻ
Ļ𣿡Ϲ૵š
͵ôһĨ⣬Ⱥ˫˫˲ñ䡣
϶֪ˣ֪ˣ
ˣˣҲҪˣϹȴ˵
͹ˣһ仰Ϲ˵ļΪأǶµһŵ԰㡣
㡭ղŲ˵𣿡ֻľÿҪϢˣҪǻˡ
Ϲÿһ仰ôζ
ڰʾʲôȴֲڰʾʲô
ҪǹҵĻҾͲˣϹѿ˫ɵૣȴֳһôҲ֮ȥıˡ
㡭ôˣֻԾĻҪ˰οһ㡣
ͻȻЩܡ
֮ǰϹǾڲģȴڽͻȻˣӦǰЩ֣µûš
ֻԥһĽϹסˣϹҲ˳ƽֻıסǵš
еܣϹҧֻĶ䣬аȶֻЦ˵š
ֻоĺʱһϵƭĸо̾ҪϹĻѿ㡭ֱ̫޳ˣſң
һΪδޣȴ£ǲδ޾һרкĹߣֻһϸǰϹ˵ĻʱеһڻҪ
Ͳֻѣҵδޣ㲻ǣԣҲţ㲻СϹֻεıڻУ°͵ֻĶͷϣҲǿ㣬Ϊ㲻ǷʲôǷ
Ƿҵֻ
ǷʲôкĹߣֻϹĸǰҪϹƿ
֪ԼΪʲôҪô֪ϹϲˣֻڱкĹһ㡣
Ϊ仰ǴϹĿ˵ɡ
˷ʱ䣬õʱ⡣ҳ֮ǰɵңϲңҪҽԼѵһ᲻Ӧ𣿱Ͼôϲ
ֻϹ˵ţϹҲôˡȷҲϲҡ㶮ֲĵĸоһղܾңұ㱧һյϣʱ΢΢һЦҶҲҵģϹһһ˵ţ
ʮֵ侲ȴϡеĺ⡣
ܾң˵ںӶˡһһΪƽƽûзŵүûʲôáϹ˵仰ʱоȻһ˿ʺ˵ʹ
űֻ˫ֶ΢ĲֻоԼĺۣۣҪ۵޷ˡ

214 ȥ

ǰϹôϲϹ˵ˣϹôܻ᲻Ӧ
Ҳܵɳܿ࣬ô£ôˣôļ尾
һûзţ۵үûʲôã
ֻĺ˵һԲ𣬿һ뵽Լڵݣֻܽʻȥ
ȻĴʼһģΪռԭ壬ԱҪһг
ȥȥɡֻŴӿ˵һ䰲οĻҪĻϹʲôԺԽԽõģҪĶõ
ǡʲôãǸҲزˣϹǿɬ
̫̫ĻҪ˵ڣҪߣ˵һֶ
ָо㱻ŨҵĻΧȴҲˮ
˻һʲôĸо
˵Ӧ֮ǰԼѣǸƢºͣºꡣ
ڵݣĵˡˣڶ̶о֮ǰʮ궼ûо飡
ʧȥ˺ܶ࿴Ķ
Ըò̡䣬ĵ׳˺ޣ
ʵڵҲͦõģֻ˵ϹĻ̧ͷϹ
ҪһοƵҽӦû뾡취ָϹòɡ
Щ˺Եģⶼδܹ
һãϹȴסֻ۵󣬻Ũȴζ˵š
ֻȴһϹгԼȻװӣḧϹ޷˯ɣҪǰˣ˲ܻڹȥ
ҺΪסԼϵ˰̣һϣȻϹ϶ϵİ̡
ǵʱɾĺˣ
ϹشŻеֻòŵţ
Ȼٴλָ˰ֻȴѾȫû˯⡣
ϹԲ˵һʱҲ˯š
үҪˣôȡԼ𣿡ֻһֱţ̽ϹģҪ֪Ϲ﾿ôġ
ǲһʼǱű̬
ֻǵҪĶ
ߣĵ׻Ƕôһ˿ġ
ʲôϹ۾ֻ˿ķ㣬ѾָһƬƽ
˵ˣҲҪ𣿡ֻͻȻЩ顣
֮ǰϹǺԸ˵йģһȴͻȻ
ֻҪ㻹ߣҾͲҪһ仰Ϲ˵ļΪļᶨ
ֻ˲䡰⡱һ£̶΢΢ЩŪ㡭һѸֲÿΪʲôҪѡأ
ϹȴǳĬãٿؽԼֻĶߣܣҪ֪ⱲӶ׼뿪Ұ벽
ΪһܣҪһȥһʲôܣ
Ѿֻ
ѡҸй𣿡
Ȼ
һǲҪˣֻԥԥģֱӾܾˡ
ԺͲҪƵˣϹȵϢֻǵĶ߲ƣƴһ⡣
ֻʶӣϹھ˰ɡ
Լ˵ģֻϹĻУܸһ㲼ϣܸܵŵĹ̡
ҿ˵㲻ʣϹ૵ɤĿڣܵҲᣬȴһֳصĸо
ȻղŻͻȻ˵Щ飬ֻΪ˾Ƶԭ򣬶Ѿ׵ѹˡ
֪ˡֻԵĴϹ뿪
ϹҲûı˫Ũڵ˫ǵĻȴһĨζ
˵ˣΪʲôǲף
ڶһǻһƬδɢĺҹУֱѾ߽С
ϹѾˣֽӴһ˯౳ֻ
ʮֵůҲҪȡůˡ
˯˯ţĻȻ󱳶
źϹµѾУһźϹϴŵѾߣһӲŵģǹôһأ¶һϸֱۣعɰ¸ҫۡ
ȻϹȴǲδһۣʼնڴϵֻϡ
֪ʵˡ
ܲףĲǡһʱ
ϹߵǰֻȵһǳǣҸдԣ촽ˣ㲻㡣ɾûôˣ
ֻȷʵˣϹ仰ֱ֮Ӿû˯⡣
Ĳ֪Ϲ֪ûУ
Ϲ֪ݣûҪװ֪
뿪ϹʱϹǽ޼˰
ղŵһĻƵϸ
Ϲߺ󣬹ֱֱӳһŸղŵѾߺ࿴ϵعɰۣͼҰ𣿾ȻҵŹ棬ˣ
žһֺĽеѾߵϡ
ֻ۵Ѿˮʹϵ͹ڱĵĵ֣ū澴ˣū֪ˣ
㲻ֵūţ߿ãɫһұ֪ͨѿׯߣ֕ۿŵϲĵѾߣׯصȴһû䡣
ܹѾѵѹ˺ܶ࣬㰲ĳأȴֻһ
عɰϹΪʲôҪһūϵعɰ
·Ϲعɰ֮˲űһ
عɰʲôأ
ζԽԽŨҼһƺõǳɹ
ϲ졢ĴֽڽֵϷţյһĨɫ
ʱһһǰ
߳һ硢QĹϵϡʽǵΪУҲܸǧ׷ġ
䲻ȴ͸¶һˮܽصĸоμΪġ
һ߳ӱ˲˵۹⣬ֻƵתʱ˱¶һĨޱȿϧ
ôõȴǳôһƽӹ٣ǿϧˡ
ֻԭҪ黨ްģǹŴȴǲκεá
û취ֻôһΪʹˡ
ȻջһڵĿ⣬ڿ֮ĿҲȻ׷ϡ
ֻ߽̣ĵѡǰΡ
ϰĸƼŵΡ
ʱһͣǰ
һ˿ƶѵ±˳ŵë磬бȡůӡ
ϰһͼݵЦȥ¿ƺŲֻݺݵľһϵʵ̫ˣĽӯ¶Ҳġ

215 ֻǸƷ

ĻΪ˾Ľ㡣
滨һղı仯Ǵ󣡡ֻɨһۣǳǳЦ⡣
ȴǱʲôݺݵ˺һ㣬ʵ÷
ͷϵӣϵ׹ӣϵ壬·ԼվŵֺĽӣһġ
С㣬ɣû뵽ͬһֻ΢ЦŶ߽˵
ʵõģ˵ֻҪϹ
ҪʲôķܹϹ뿪ǣ֮òӵοɶǾС㡢ǵҲʵǳЦ߽ü֮価Ȼ˫Өȴڲ仮һĨݣ滨Ȼ
ôˣѡ֮ȥǰĲ㳢ݲգ
ðֻ֮ЦŴӦü֮価Ǹ˵Ц⡣
ѡ֮º滨˱Ȼֵ߽ǰĲݣ֮нǻɡ
ŰɣҺͶСЩ强Ҫ˵ʱ۵δϡ
ǡ΢˸㽫żŸˡ
һ룬ϵЦʧתһĨ䣬Ǳڵϵı˪Ҫ˺䣺Щүģ
ȻԼģֻЩЦ˵ţǸ־˵ǹˣ
仰ԽĽеץýˣü֮֮ɫԽŨңȴǿŴǼĨЦ⣺үˣ
ȻһϻȴҪҪõȷŵĻش
үҹأֻûֱӻشµ⣬ȴѾǸһˡ
һһ˫ӨĶֻ۾ϥϵҲһץסֱֻۣȷ
ֻЩɻµгԼ֣Ϲֲ˽⣬¿ǴС浽ҪǾ군ˡ
û¸㿪Цʲô˵ʲô취ܹ߰ɣ
µĶǲģȻƭ
ҾȻƭ
ү׿ڸ˵ɳܹˣܡһһһ˵ţͿŴޢָݺݵĿŹ⻬档
ֻסˣ
ϹδҲ̫˰ɣΪ˲ӭȢ¾Ȼ˵Լ٣
ûһ˻˵İɣģҲǾԲһŮ˵ڵġ
йһ˵ϰҲǱ´ȥ֮󣬶ԼʲôӰ죡
Ϊƭ¶ѣȺڶǺܰԵģŲļٵģ֤ʱԽԽڡ
ôܣֻɵ˵ò˰ɣ
ү׿ڸ˵ģµԸԼˣҲôˣһݺݵĿһ㡣
ԭ֮ǰΪһжֻһС
ʲôүΪҸ룬ʲôں
ͷȫƭ
үΪãԼġ
ҾͲ֪ˣֻǺϹһһιȴϹǷ滹ģпҽûвʲô
ҲûϹͼϹǲ⣬Ͳ֪ˡ
ȻѾΪүŮˣΪʲôҪ뿪үѾƽԼˣȴΪŭܶƲסĲš
ĺھͳ嵽аȥһоΪʲô
ү˵Сһֱá
滨Ҳһѣ˼һֱԸ⣬үȴǿӲĽߡ
ǲϲүģүϲƫƫϲЩϲԼġС㣬㣬ҲҪ뿪үˡүǶŮ˶ģĵܹȵǡүҲֻһʱȤѣҲˣүֻһҵݣ
Ը⽫Ҵа˵ò˼£һүˡڻᣬֵүϲ㹻뿪үҲñȱүǿɣ
ֻһ˵ĺеͬʱҲҪµܹƽ㡣
ߣ㻹е֪֮ġ仰ǾĺһǵȻҿǼ޹˵ģ˵˼ܲ˵ˣЩү֮͵ŮˣһϵүˣүȨأһɽСѸûôߵģʲôٻūƣûκιϵֻҪõһʲƵӣصҵСǲԴĹⱲӾ͹ˣֻƵƿ豭ƵİɫֻǰȾ
ĲζߣĹճһĨЦŮ˵ȷϲֻүȨƣҲǣϲүˡҸүϲֻΪĺҵĽѣүһֱ
ҽ㣬Ա㽫㵱ҽƷ
ֻɲܹµܵˡ
ֻҲϣԼŪӷ׵ĻôǲҲûڵĹˣƷүһʱҶϣСܰҡҲˣүͦõģȥҵĲᶯҡ˭ŽʳҺ
Ӻܶݣ˭ǸǣҲ뵽ʱڣԶС㻹ǸϿ뿪ǰɣֻһڲ裬ʮֳϿҵ˵š
ߵŹ⻬ֽ߬һλһĨ֮ɫ
Ȼ뿪ǣǰ뿪ô򵥣ǻ뿪硣
Ȼү㵱˽ƷүӦҪ󣬵˭ܱ֤ү᲻ֽһȻһط
Ϲ±˼ѾˣٴγڳʱȻ˲˵ĲĿ
ƬϹ׵أǰӵ
񲻹̶Ǽµʱ䣬ƬñϹףѹϹһͷ
ϹƷȻһƷүȴһûзŵүǽ֮Ĳ
Ϲܺޣô
һսˡ
ĸ˵ˣⲻһʼѣ¹˭ֻδء
Ҫ֪ϹâʢǲԸǸҲ취Ȩ
˭ĸݱ΢Сʱ򲻵øʵ׽أ
ɢ֮ϹƳϹһڳĴӵ뿪ŵϹݺݵȭͷ
Ϲսսս޲ʤ֮⳯ϣǾԲӮģԲᣡ

216 Ҳϲ

ԽԽϹ֮ǰѹ鴦֮󣬱Ҳû֮ǰôæˡ
Ի»֮󣬱ʻһص˱Ժ
Ȼһ߽ԺֱӭɫȡûвĵӣةฮĶСˣ
Ϲ͵һ٣ͣ˽ŲųɽͫһƬɲ⡣Ϲ˵ү͵ζϲҪȥةฮС㣬ͶСֽ̳֮˲ݣֵ֮Ժֽ
һһʮĶϹ֮ʲôֶ˵ˡ
֪ˣȥɣãϹ˫˵
˿
ÿҷصĲɫƽۣ߽ڡ
±һѾû¶ȵӣĿĿǰԾ
Ϲ߽ʱ˫һӨ˲˸˼ξӨ⣬ȻĴ۽ǻ䡣
һԵֻȴûжٱ飬ֻǽĿⲻϵĴϹлµϣȻڴµлϹϡ
һʱ䰲ˣΨл¯ȼľ̿
ǶȥϹʣίݵ£Ŀڣȴ͸¶һ˲Υ塣
̶ڵѾ߱˳ȥֻվҲҪ˳ȥߵϹʱȴǱϹһѸ˻
£Ȼ㶼֪ˣҲˣϹֻߵµĸǰͳºɤ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪƭң¿Ϲֻ֣ԽĴʹۣҾһĲãԸϲһѸԸȢң
Ϊ˲ӭȢң㻹һƭҡΪʲô⾿Ϊʲô±ʹۣǸؿڸоݺݵĴһȭ
£ΪãϹڳֱ˫ûһ֮⡣ΪҺãңôΪҺãµЩҡεߵϹǰҽ滨ҿԶ֪滨ǸԾȻ
Ҳ滨ΪʲôǼ͸ңԭ򡣶ûãةฮˡ
µÿһֶƽȴǱݡ
վϹǰӶĺʱܱһ紵һ㡣
£Ϲỽһɤȴֻǽ㵱ҵΪҲŻáΪҵӣұ㲻ôˣ
ºݺݵһ㶣ЩŵĿϹǸܸӵĶãϲ㣻ӣұ㲻ϲ㡣û취һҲϲ˺ãû취ʱ仨ϣϹĻᣬ
ȴҲĳϿҡ
ȻµĶȴʮֵĲ̡
㡭µݺݵҡҷһ£ЩҪˮߵһջڵϡ£ƭ㣬ΪԺ롣û˱Ҹ˽ԼҵĺСɲҲϲˣ޸ңĻػѵģϹ˵һ仰ʱ΢ͣ
£Ľ͡
Ҳܣˣ
Ǻݺݵľһ£ػѣ
ô粻ϲȻҪػѣԸ
磬ǲֻҽһˣ²Ŵʵ۾ǽϹҪϹҵһ㡣
ϹŴ󿪿ڵǰ飡
أϲ𣿡ָָָ֮ϹԵֻϹȻûֱӻشµ⣬ǳ߽һ£ҲȢ㣬Ϊã㲻Ҫ˺δķƷСܡòԸҲܺãǼ޹ȥ
ܿģ
ҲҪһ±ۣʹ˽ϹĻҲҪҲҪû˭Ҹˣֻ޸磬ҶҪޣ
£˵ˣǳΪӵĻҲôˣϹһҪƿȴεıסϹ
Ӻǲͬģ𣿡ҲףүСҺܺãΪʲôΪ֮үҲˡһǰ°һܹԵģҵҪ󲻶ֻ࣬Ҫүÿһ۾ͺãȻٸүӡ

Խ˵Խ飬ȴһ±ϹƳ˻ĻҲȻֹ
£ĲȢ㣡ϹЩͳȴǼΪļᶨκأҶûָо
ˮӯӯǰϹһ仰һεĽµĸ˵ˡ
ʶô꣬ϹմɳǻʱΨЦˣԽʱȴǱ䣬ڸȶԽá
Ȼ˵ûָо
ĸ˵ֻҪúõĶүʵĸʱһүϲˡ
үŮ˿еֻүȨƺ͵λǣ
ֻҪ޸үãΪĦ磬Ϊӡ
˵Ȣ˵ĺСװŮˡ
ϹڡͫĺţĿڵĵطǱʲôݺݵһ۵
үһʼҺãȫΪ𣿡µᣬᣬһ㡣ǰΪϲ㣬Һãֻϣܹ㴫ȡ֮ҺãֻҪ𣿡һڰϷĿ䵽̺ɫĴʱԽ

ҺãֻΪÿǷҵġҪȢң㲻ÿǷˣҲͲҪôҺˣ˼𣿡µÿһֶôۡ
ôһֻǾûֿܡ
үСôϲ㣬ҲһĶ㣬Ҫ͡ʱֻڳǻδ˵ꡣ
Ϲҹı亮㳯ֻ˹ֻ졣£ΪʲôҪҵ˼ҵáҳ˶ֻõĸ֮⣬ûκһ˿ĸ飬еĻȢˣϹת

ľѳۣµĻѾ꿪Ҫˡ
Ǽֹȥôá
²ͣĳţһϣĿǰȼյĻ¯
ү֮ǰӦҵ£𣿡ëµ³ûĿƮһѹӢһ㡣
ֻҪҴӦĶ㻰Ϲɿڵĺۼ̿ڵӴԺҾүãҲʲôֻҪүܹӦ£΢΢תֻϣ뿪ǣ

217 ôҪ뿪

¡Ϲüһ壬û뵽ĵڶҪ
ү㲻˵κ¶ҵ𣿳Ȣ£ĿϹ̺ĴǾһĨЦ⡣
£֪
֪ϲ㣬ΪʲôҪƭңΪʲôҪôãϹĻδ˵꣬±˵
үЩ㵱׿ڸ˵ģѵ㻹Ҫ𣿡¿Ϲĸʹˡ
ԭϹΪ·޸뷨ȻӦΪ£һ¾Ϊá
ֻòôϹȻ˵仰ǾһʳԣǿĿ뿪ˡ
£㡭Ҫô𣿡Ϲǳ˼һ˫ԶɽüĿ΢΢ţȻ˫ʼ̶˿ʵ뷨
ȴǺݺݵһ±ӣдһ˿ǻүȻôܣѵҲүҲһ𣿡
ֻĵĳϹһۣɫϣ˫ڳ˫ȴʯһҫ̡ۡ
òƿ˫Ȣأ
²סˣֻҲ˲ԭأ·𱻶סһ㡣
Ϊ˲ߣղôᶨϹȻӦҪȢ¡
ҲةฮΪѣɵĺӰ죬еϹ˵
Ȼȴǲ֪ԼǸЦǸÿޣԸȢˣȴȫΪһ滨
ְʩʲô
磬ôϲµѾɳˣһأΪĺͽƣ
Щ꣬ѾʧȥܶණˣҲʧȥˣϹشĺ̹Ȼ
ֻļ죬Ҫǻбĳˡ
ϹԣôҪ
Ҫ
磬㾿ϲʲô˺ͽ֮⣬ʲôܹĶģ仰оԼȫÿϸڲ˻ţǱľ
£Щ㲻֪ϹڳˮͬҹĻҫǳ㣬ľұة˵ģھͶڿɣ
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磬ҪȢңζҪ޸㣬ĻҸ·ֵؤʲô𣿡˻ƵдŨصĿǻ·Ѿ˶˲ѡҲˣҲүȢˣԺҲҲүˣеˮߵһȴǲ԰׵һεεĹȥĿˣ
Ǵûʶɣ
˵Щҡεվ𣬼ᶨ߳ӡ
ȴǱϹ£һֱ㵱ҵÿҲǷĵġ
ȴֱǰϹһۣȻȴ˱ʹȴǿװżǿүûĸ
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ݺݵǣϹġ
Ĳ˺ҲҪ滨뿪Լ
£滨뿪֮⣬ʲôԴӦ㣡׿ڶµŵԣڷڵҲ
ֻǵʱûһ滨ˣ
ȴҡҡͷմȾʪĴϾһĨЦĻȣүѾûκιϵˣպˣүӭȢ˽㣬үӦͬ˵Ŷԣ
˵㴹ǿŵˮҲѸٵĻ䣬ֵǰֱϣһƬ
̶ԼСۿ߳ʱһϽϵϡ
ĺ紵ʪϣϸһ㣬ޱȡ
ԭģһ߳󣬱̱ݡӨиǱһʴǵĺ⡣
ү㡭ûбҪΪңСĸڲˡߺֻһС˵š
»ǱʣŮǰʮֵݣһ˵ǰ̸
ǿӲϹ֮һѡ
ȴѡһΪðյķʽǾʲôҪˣԼȥӵĿǱСһ㣬ԴϹеθкġ
Ϲһֻ˫ųɽͫһƬ䡢ͬīȾһ㣬ŨôҲ
ôҪ뿪𣿡Ϲƽ˼㣬Ǻ紵ȴûκεĲ
ǣֻǾүͶС֮ĸҪΪҶѵĻһΪһ˵ģֻЩȥϹܾˡĿ¡
Ϲһֻ⿴ƽȴ̫ิӵĶ
·һʱе㼯ϹУֱֻڿϵڶۡ
Ȼôߣ߰ɣëϹĴ³һ˿͸顣
ָǾһƽκε
ֻ̧ȥϹϹȴûпתĹֻ˽ʰö֮뿪ǣ
Ϲ仰˵֮󣬱߳˷䡣
Ļ¯Ѿůҫֻϣȴо˿¶ȡ
ֵʹüۣɵѾ߽·ʰã㹧ĽС
ūȥֳȥѾҲ߳ȥˡ
˲ֻôδйİеİȻһֻ㱵ĸо
Ϲô׵ķˣ
һ뵽Ϲղſ񣬾ɵһ
һֽȫ鶼ȴòκνĸо
ĺܲζ
»صةฮ֮󣬱˽Ϲ͸ĶһЩɵ⣬鱦һĶǼϲĻɫҲ˴ͻаˡ
¶˾ĲںϹκνһ㡣
˰ձƮϸѩһƮֻպһѩƮۡ
Ѿ򽻴ˣһֱ͵վһϱڿջϢڸ·ֲֻԶš
ʼ̬ȶûκεı仯
֪ˣллֻ֣һΡĳţֿ֮һЩյʯ·ϸѩڷ˿ϣϣ˵ۡ
سǵʿӹֻݹͨʱֻǺʵһݣֻͨˡ
⵹ֻЩ벻ȴ֮С
ôһ˲ֻԥҪ߳ŵĻҲˡ
ϹأӦҲȥˣûϹҲÿϴǸϵԺҲڴȥ糯ˡƺ֮󣬶ɵӰֻãỵ

218 żϹ

࣬뿪ϹһӰɣǺܿҪȥսˣò˶Ҳڼˡ
ֻӹͨСĵպ֮ԴȴϹǾ䣺ЩѾʧȥ̫ණˣҲʧȥˣ
ȷϹʧȥ̫ĶʲôֵϹأ
˸տʼϹ֮⣬ܵദӦþǴʱҲǵĹϵһҹ֮䷢˷츲صı仯
֮ǰϹ֮һֱǵģû˭⣬Ҳû˭Ľӽ
סСǵʱֻǸҩƷϹҲǳ㿴顢ӣԡ
˾֮һȶûټˣΪһŻôһΣȴǱϸƵס˼
Ҳߣֻڵһθ̴̵ʱ˵˼仰֮Ҳûˡ
ٺҩϹ˸ţȻŻ
о֮ľͺĪĶ;ôãôƫƫסأ
ҵȻ˵Ըʧȥ
ԸȢҲԸ뿪ǡ
ĺ֪ʲôֵġ
Ӧòֻ֪ɣȻôܻߣ
ֻһλͷһǿյĳֻ֣վڲԶûκεĲ
Ҫǻ˵ĻúȨһɻЩԵɰɡ
ߺһ̤ڱʯ·ϣġա졣
ֱ߳˺Զֻδɪʯ·ϼϹӰ
һˣŰ뿪Ժةฮʱ򣬾Ѿ˶ߡ
ڸõʱϹǸһѡĻᣬΪһжá
ǵϵʱ֮϶ϹһֱͰɡ
µĵѹյһݡ
̫ˣҲʱ仨̫ʱ䡣
ǰɵ£һĻ֮ͷˡ
˵һһֻƴȫİһˣһ˼ϲҲôƴˡ
ϹһһλѾˡ
ֻ£ʱϵĺʧˣʵҲͦõģԴҶá
ϹҪֻ֪»ܰɣ
ԺǾŸԼҲҪκεĽˡ
С㣬˵ү滨ˣѾˣ̶һСͨ죬Űɫߵߵ˵
µɫɲãȴѾûֿеֻĺͺݶ
ۿģ
С˵ģС˵ۿ滨뿪ǵģ̶ŵ
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ү㲻ңȴҲţ૵˵һ仰
滨ѱүԺ󲻻ٽ滨ӻֻֻʱĽ滨ٵһطȵˣٽ͵͵Ľӻصǣ
ʵЩҪҪ滨үĿеĵλ
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һֱ֪үϲҲһֱΪԼòûа취ͽȣүĲϲҲȻ
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ү˵仰Ļ滨һүȻ˵ˣþְ취ҲҪ滨ʧ
үֻΪһŮǾĽ㣡
Ľ㣬κŮ˶У
ѩ´ˣҲԽԽˣʱʱıӷ϶йֻɵıϵİֽһƬ
Ҳ֪ʻ˶ãһͣǰվһξ룬Ǿ̨ׯЩȱȲЪϢһ£ҲһʵѾһѩǻ˵
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ֻ˫Ѿˣһƿ㿴ѩţɪɪڶιȻ̨ׯȴʮֵ֡
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ûµģЩǾ˵ԴϹΪսү֮󣬶ԴֵµʿΪϸ񣬲֮ǰǰĲ۸ա
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ֻȥ󣬱̸оһů⡣
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ֻֻһ۱㳯˽ȥԼһպõĿˮĸվڻǰ
ЩʿǿһŮˣ޳е˽ȴһӶûУȻⲻ÷׷׳俴ȥеȻȻı¶һֺ΢顣
еʼ׷׵
ΨмϹȴб˫ĵۣſԾš
ӰôԽԽ죿
ֻ䲻ֱԺð˳
Ҳҿ϶Ͼ·ʮֵӷףζڵסˣҷҲ̫һǼϹȴվֻķȥ
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Ϊ̫ԭֻζûнСĽ˵ϣ׼ȥȴһϮɫƵ۱Լǰ
ŵڵϵĸҲһ˼
Ϲ
ôʲôɺ϶ײˡ
Ƕһ·Ϲ⣬U䵽ֻƽӹϣûκγʵĵط⵹ϹȤһȫޡ
ǣֻװƽӣʹϹнӹ˸
Ϲȴһֻϣֻ̱ջԼ֣Ϲ΢΢ĸ˸һϹллӡ
˵Ϲδ򣬵ʵϣϹҲֻǱƽܹ࿴ѣֻôһα壬ֱ˵ǣˣǿûϸ
ϹһϹ͵͵ĻһУϹְֵĽ̹٣ȻҲ֪ʲôˡ
ټҲ֪˰֮ҺԺȻ㲻ԶʱҲ˽ϵѩȥϹվֻĸǰæЦͷĶϹ˵λˣʲô£

219 㲻ϲ

Ϲķֻɨһ֮󣬱߻λС
ֻ֮ټһڵԼһͷôôλԱС檣еĵȻµġ
԰ɣҪǰϵݳǣϹϵһţҧһڡ
ΪµıչأϹɸ߹󣬵ȴѾûֿͽˣ
ݳǣ˵ͬ·ˣ
ֻ˫Ų룬ñֵõһ˿ůȴʮֵķš
̫˽ϹˣղϹ߹ˡ
Ҫڸͬ·ĻټǹһˣָͻͻȻתͷס
ϹһƵĻݱ϶ᱻʶơ
ǾͲ˵ˣ
Ϲɰ֮Ϊһݻص
ϹԸ
ǻؾǣֻһˮ֮󣬱ޱȼᶨĶԵ˵
ԸϹʵݣҲԸⱻϹ֡
ǡʱŶ˰Щɵ˵
ֻȴǳϹǿϣ˵سǵʿ򿪳ˣڽ⡣
ʱѾʱˣѩҲͣˣݶϣ̨ϣ֦ѻһѩټһصİѩһŲȥȻӲģһСľܻ
ֻٴδʱѾ˲ӣоЬƹ˱ˮһ㣬Ž·ġ
Ĺϣ·ܹ͸Ϻص뵽ëС
ֻŰԺʱ򣬾ĿԺĵƻš
벻ڣֱһźϹӣʱˣЩЪϢɣ
ţϹһЩƣüģ㽫ǰӸˡ
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˫ŰҲѱʧȥ֪˿Ϻ·ϻմȾһѩ˪
ôֻˣϹֻ߽ûκεĲܵĿڡ
ѩˣ·Ƚϻ´ѩ·ˣֻһڣΪ䣬żֱĲ⡣
ȥʰһӳɣϹ޳Ų豭ϵ·ϸϸĹţ漴ŵûһ˿ζԡ
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ȥСԺЩѾ߼УֻϹùָʰһ䷿ӳʱ
֮ǰĲ²ȫ棬µѹյһݣ˷ôʱ䣬Ѿˣ
һΪ׷һֻׯܣҲûץֻ
Ǹһֻ׷źһͣ
ѾûǸˣһֻѣʱȥ顣
ϹƿǣһȲ裬漴վͦζ͵߽ݣһȻ漴ҲƮֻĶУ㰲Űɡ
ֻʶĶ˶ΪĹǽڡ
ʵҲͦõģ
Ҳڵ£ԼݻᱻϹˡ
ֻȻһظĸоȻ֮ıһįС
ԭסСԺѾĳ˼Ѿ߷
ϸϸźѾ߾ĸʹѾߺӣԼɻԺ͸ĳӡ
ԺҲȷûжĿշˡ
ͬһݵѾѾ˯ˣ䣬ֻһ¯ֻԼˮԼֺͽֽ֮ӹ˱С
ȻҲӲһڱУɪɪţ˺һвЩ¶ȡ
ԺֱѣѾˣůʵıҲֻһˡ
Ƚ˵ɣٲ̫䣬ֻܹ˯žС
ֻｫ©ĵطһһãű۾˯
֪˶ãԺñӱƿҲ뵽һůĻ
īŷѩζֻ˯УҲ֪˭
ɵ㳯Ե˿ȥʶҲʱһѣʵлһ˯⣺ү
˫㱻סˣζϢɢֻϡ
ֻһ£ȴԵ˿˫һһ˿á
§סֻĴš
Ҫֻһ۾˫ֽסԼؿڣ˯Ϲ˫ȴְԵš
Ϲȴֻ΢΢ͣһ£̶ٴͷ˱ʪ˫
ү㲻Ҫֻ̱ܿϹǣץסϹĴҪƿӦң㲻ҵģ
ҲӦң㲻뿪ҵģϹͳƵɤӺй
ߵģҹϹɫʯһ㾪ˣ̫ȥ
ϹȴаһĨǣ浱ʲô֪𣿡
ֻһؿ΢΢һ£ȥӭϹ
ϹĴִֻг鿪ȥֻϵ
ү㲻Ҫֻһȥ
ΪʲôʳȵģϹķʵעô࣬ͷĲԸңҲԸң
Ѿ˳ķ϶̽˽ȥ⻬ϸɵļš
ֻЩץסϹ֣дЩ󣺡㲻ҪĲҪ
ǲԸĻᱻϹʲôϾϹ塣
ĵһŮˣӡӦûΪ̰ɣ
ΪʲôϹֻǶĴӣֻҪһԼĲ𣿡
ֻץסϹ֣һϹдһĨպޣҪʱ˵ھߵĻһϹ͵ĵߡ
£㲻ɷԼԵÿһЩ£ҪҵӣͲϲˣ
仰ӦֱϹѡ
ĻӦûͣɡ
ʵϹҲͣḧֻЩաڳĽסֻǵɤ㿴Ҫ֮ǲϲˣǻӵϲ㣡
˵꣬Ϲ㷭ѹֻϣȵĴѸٵķסֻͣ˵һ仰
ҹˮʱ滨ľĴȴǲϵĴ֨ѽ֨ѽ졣Ǵδйȹֻһַֻ˽⣬ȴȻúȣȡ

220 

үۣۡϹһδεĥֻץеĽţ
֪ԽţͻԽۣһϹƵĽԸɾӶʣ
ϹҧֻĶ
ֻۣ˱۾ƱȺڡ
ȻϹĶ֮ǰǰԵռת˺ֻܶ࣬ﲻɵĳһ
ǽűٴֻ񾭽ЩæҵҪȥƷؿڵϹ㲻Ҫ
Ϲϵɫߺ̵ܱ崥һʶһ£Ϲᷢʲô
ЩܣʲôʱԺãֻϹѵı£Ȼ˵Լ٣⾫ȴǱţҪʢ
Լҳ㵱ƵҩϹֻĶߣִ˵滹ôһ˿ѹ֡
ҩֻɫһ
֪ʲôʳ˰ɣϹаЦš
ԺҪˣãֻôֻҪϹѡ
佫оأƽʱĲһСľͻˣֳҩϹȻֻĻ˼һůѸٵɢֻĴһ£ͳɤů紺磺滨۸㣬ȴҵ塣ֻ
˵Ļˡ
˫ֻĺ貶ղƭģûԡһһͺã
Ϲ˵ºëֻϴ塣
ֻѾϹڵһûˣ˫ȸһѾ˲ЩˣϹȥ
Ѿ߽Ϲµʱ컡Ϣùһ±ˡ
ڵȼڵֻϹĹڴأЩĻ˵ϡ
һĻǿЩδѵѾߣࡣ
ֵɫƽ޲ʹüۣĻһӣˣ
һѵֻϹˣȫһ˳ģû˿ѵĺۼ
ֻ۾һԵϹү
Ϲ§ֱҲ˶ֱʱֻŷԼǳģϹҲһɫ΢΢һ죬Ųһ֡
ţϹһѰ˯
үϳˣֻ˵һͬʱԼϵĽ
Ϲ˵Զɽüͷ΢΢һ壬漴һ̵ֻֽ̱˻УǰϹ̵ϡ
Щᣬ࣡Ϲ۾ֻߵ
ֻɫˣͿ֬һ㣬һ۹̷ֺѾߡ
Ƕʹüۣûʲô飬ƺûϹ˵Ǿ仰
үٲĻ糯Ҫٵˣ
ʱϿǣ
ѩˣȫ˱㻹ǿɣֻ˵ţһֻӽקһϹ
ϹֻĲǰһһࣿţ
ֻֻϽϹŪߣ˵ͷ
ϹĴ΢΢ĹһĨǳЦȴ鶯
Ϲ뿪Ժ󣬹ֱѾ߷Ըȥҩץҩȹ˰ȡ
ѾЩãȻ֣ʲôҩ
ҩֵĵ
һ䣬룬Ϲڳе¶ĨЦƺܺõӡ
ȺϳʱλӺʹ˼䣬֪ӵС檸һӺϹȻϵѯ˼䡣
˾ȣӸֱӿϹǰȥпӤϹȻҲһڴӦˡ
ֱةĵԭЦϹǣɫ
ԭгķΧҲʱ΢
Ϲ޳ĳʱе˶ΪϹҪةȥȴǳ̫ξȥ
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ǲؽҲǹԱһϳˣձˣټһضûзʲôشֺԼսҡ
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˳ĹԱѡڹԴšˣŶڳվôãԵȺ¶Ƿ
ӲڹԴŵϹȴǺͶһ߽իλ˶۷׷ס
оаһ֮ӡ
е˵а϶ʲô˵¡
ֿʱҲˣó͵СԺȥȴһϮţüĿº͵̤꣬ѩ΢΢һЦЩű㲻͹ȥˡ
ͳɤɽȪһȴִһԵѹ
ⲻϹǺˡ
ɫ΢̶ĵǣӣ
ȻѾߣȴȣû뵽ǵĹӾȻǸݰסķ湫ӡ
ò˵ϿΣȴΪţ˵䣬ʣҫŶĿĹâ
Ϲֻ֪˯㲻ɵаЦ˼£˱УԭΪϻδ·ȴѾˡ
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Ѿ߽ʱ㿴ϹǺڴ߸ֻӳԣָɫĳ¸ĺÿ
ȿ࣡Ϲֻ˼֮󣬵ĴƤˣڣֻԡ
ԭİⷹſڴֻȴһ۾Ҳû˼˭ιԣȴҲû뵽Ϲ
ôô³ˣһֱ˯硣ֻתͷϵȴһȫİ˫īȴǸϤ

221 

ſڣϹǲҨһƤ¶֮󣬱ιֻߡ
Цʮֵĺÿɾ
㡭ֻЩɵ˵ţƺҪϹҵһ˿ݵĺۼ
Ȼʡ£ȷʵ㡭Ϲ˵һ仰ʱǹһĨζĻȡ˵Դիúȣұ˻һԡһЩǹϲĲҲһЩϹǳЦ˵ţü䣬˸Ц۾ĺÿ
Ǳů̫ɹһ㡣
ֻϿһۣȻ˺Щ
ү㡭³͸ϹˣֻЩȣĿ㶵Ŀǰİٺͨȴʤڰ׾Ȼյšϡ
⵹ֻһˣ֮
ϹķǺͰ֮Щ
ţտʼұ㲻ϳˡϹһ̶ǳǳԺһ˯ˣ
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ӣǲǲףڹдô꣬е顣
ֻֻǸҶѣеʱ檶ʸУοһˡ
Ҫ滳ϺˣӾǸ˽ӣݲҳϵġ
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һκϹʱ򣬵ڶϹһҩϹǶԵġ
ʱ˵ݶȽΡ
ǰҺ͹ԱʮּɻһδԼδãСȴȻеġ
ϹˣϹô檣ȴΪϵδУϹһֱ檻Ϻӡ
үһǺҩɣ뵽ֻ˼һ˵ôҲֻǸ檣
˵Ҫ滳Ϲĺˣ߲ˣҲø
㲻ǲԸҵ𣿡ϹüĿһʵ
ֻ۾һߣʲô취
ˣҴȢϹĻ嵭Ҩһ׵Ļ춹Уֻ΢΢һЦ
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ܹϹůѾ߶Ѿ̧ˡ
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ֻ㵵׵ɵԽĴˣһʱԴǿհ׵ģϹȻΪȢϧŪһٵݳ
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ҽѾة˵ˣȡԼҲˣϹĿɣ˵һ޹ؽҪһ㡣
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⼸ִϹ˵ôķƵû˿⣬һغظ
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үһڿЦɡ㡭ϲ갥ֱֻòţ㲻ˣܹô׵
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ˣǷϣ׵¹ȥ
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ҪһأֻСʵ
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һҪȥһةฮ
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µЩͻȻ˵ͷˣ
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ϹֻԵ𣬱ҲҨһ׷С
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ֻ΢΢һΪҪȢһϲˡ
ЩңϹÿ罺һò˼Ϲ֪ʵݣ㲻֪ҺҲֻʣСƿˣҲάֲ˼ˡ
ֻΪ˱ϹĶѣϹֻ֪Ϊ᲻ߡ
ӸղŵĶԻУϹһ궼ûˡ
Ҫ𣿶Ϲֻ֪󣬻
ԭ֮ǰһУǻӵ߳ŭΪƭĸ飿
ʣϲϹҲߣүл˵ֻ¶˾ģƴǾ֪ô˵ЩˣǡҲŮˡȢңֻȢһҲãҲաҪӭȢˣ㻹ǷҰɡ

222 ܹ

Ϲеĵ״ɵ뷢һײ䰲и
˫Ŀ̶ƺĳһһµôֻУ滨֪˼
ֻĪĸоһֳصĸо
ǵʲôʱֻһŮˣұȢ㣡Ϲ䣬޳ͦε˱վеĺ춹ľϣ˹˳ȥ
үʲôԸȢңҲԸңֻӦʱϹӰѾʧǰ
ĹϹһƬȫȻƷǰü㡣
ûʲô۾ûգһ¡
ѾȻǱ˪Ϲһǰһ뻹º͵꣬ôһ䣬ҪδڻѩҪϼ֡
ϹȻ̬ȣֻԽĻˡ
һ䣺滨֪˼
Ľ˼쵽һ
ԸߣֻӭȢ£ȴֲԸŮˡ
ⲻǱ
Ѿ˽Ʋһ۷ϻȺİ͵δ࣬վñֱˣûһ˿֮⡣
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ֻ̧֣ȴһƽȴ˼ַ
Ǿܹݣ
ߺ󣬹ӱ㽫Ժˡּ˯֮󣬹˺üζûнȥһǰվ˰ʱ
ҹѩǻʱҪոϼ֣һƬװعĻߡ
ȼŻ¯ȴֱ
үô˵ģ
ةݵ͸¶һеѹɫһƬǣڱɽׯ£үȫ˵ˣֻҪͷүԻᵽ̫ξ˵̫ξ˻飡
ϵֽողϺõ˿ڣٴα̵ĽҿһСʹɷס
ò̧˫ܾȥ
ةһƬ࣬üͷҲǽţϵֻ֪̽ǻȥүе𣿡
ƽȴ͸¶Ϊ׵һӡµĲɵĻˣۿȴǵγξӨ͸ˮѵڻ£´Ž·ܵүĴȥ𣿵֪㲻Ը޸үһֱѾ˼
Ҫ뿪үѵΪ飬ڵǰô𣿡
ةˮӯӯίģһ˳ȥ
䣬ֻţϴϴ˸ˮ衣һӼĨȹȹֻҷϥǴ¶һϸ׻СȡһϮʵڴ󿪵ѣϣܺõĹճԼˣ͸¶˿
˿ջġ
ִֻһȤƷֺϹġ
·ﴩȫ˼ֵĻƽеǷѾˡ
ҲϲҴֱֻԵѿڶ
ϰڷһߵ·˳ȥ
¯ϷżƤѬݶһ㡣
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Ҳû˺ü¯ϵı衢ͷҲ¸ˡ
ûˣֻڴϣŹ˵Ļ
ĵ׾ôҪΪʲôôҪ
ʵ벻ͨ
ӣѾЪˣ⴫ҹѾߵű㱻֨ѽһƿ
Ϊû뵽Ȼˡ
ҹɫУӰЩҡΣѹʵıѱƿһľζ㽫ֻΧҲһ񡢹̵Ļ
˯𣿡ϹͳɤĶԣϢ̡
ݼǹɾҲԽŨ˵ֻıϢû˵΢Ļٴδȥ˶ֵ檸˸ӣССģģһζӿɰˡֻһŮ÷
۵ģǶңҾˣô嶼СϹֻȦڻϸһһѩˣҲûôˣұˡŵʱǸһĺӾϣ˫
С֣Ҫϵ߽
ộôţ˵ϹȻЦˣɾЦ
ֻһֱϹ˵šڹʱ˵Ảӣ͸һɫߣҲܹɫе档
ϹһȫΧźӣôᣬôᡣǸ꺢ӶóҪӡ
ҲΪ˵Ҫӣʼնû˵
үϵ£˺ҴˣֻգųĽӭںīͫһ΢Ĺ⣬ƺòᡣ
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ȴǱϹ˻⣬ǻȴǷ滨㵱ͲӦþң
ңûôˣ
ֻ΢΢ľţҪϹпЩ̫䣬ԽֻݵԽ类һֻСôҲ
ү
ϹɤɳƣȴһĨΪʲôҪ뿪ңҸ˵Ļ㲻ΪȢת۾͸˵㲻ϣŮˡ
ϹĻһһûͷһϣ΢Ǳʲôסһ㡣
һʱ֪˵ʲô
һӦĻţֻ滨Ϲ֪ʵݣ
Բ𡭡ҡֻ͸¶żҺĲ֪ôˣҵĴԺҲ˵ˣҲˣ𣿡
ϹŻֻϸüȾһĨۺܣڻУŮϵľζһЩԡ
Ժ뿪أϹһƬ˿ûһ˿⣬ͳɳƵĴĴ³
ֻüʵĻŵ˼һ˫Сֽ߬סϹ½ǣĲˡ
Ϲȴšüעīͫͱ˵Ĺâֱÿһëš
ҸһӣֻϹŵĻղһֱ˵ڵԼ˵
仰һϹīͫбһĨδй͹âüҲһʿʮڼ̫㡣
áɤֻĶ𡣡ֱһֻ̣иȻúܿ죬ҡ

223 Լĺ

һҹ繲ֻ࣬տʼҪֻܾϹϨˡ
ºϹֻڻ´һǲסֻϣһϺõ㣬ϧ
ү˵ߺ㽫ԺˣֻϹ׵ģҪϹǣ㿪ʵ
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Ҳ˺üβŽ𣿡ϹīȾķ˿ԺмƷ˿䵽ֻļͷϹĺġ
ϹЦḧֻӣǰǽҪһٵġ߶ˣҪ
ôû򣿡ֻ򴽣۵ҪͷĶǶϡ
ȴǱϹһץס帴ѹֻϣǴˡ
㡭ֻϸոȥ糺죬ӿֱĵԽϸ֬ǽסϹ֣Ҫʲô
𡭡ֻоһ˫ȴºĴֽסвɵĺ߳һ
滨УϹȵϢ籡ֻϣɳܹһ㡣
үܡֻȥϹ
Ϲڳ΢΢˰ѹ궯ҧֻۡСɵĶܣ
ţֻ˵ͷϸ˵š
ã㡭˵һֱֻĺһϣ
㡭㡭ôôֻҪϹˣֳֻϹ̵ϣȴûһá
ģϹ΢΢һЦֻıӣ·˴
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ϹʯڵĺͫʱųĿĹâůбĴĻֻüǼ⡢򦣬һֱϸĲͣ¡
Խİˡ
ٿϹѿǵĻȣԽԽЦţʱܽҹһ㡣
֮Ϊżһ˪·滬
үأү𣿡ܵСԺȴһѾ߹ؾص⡣
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үȻʷĵһγٵˡ
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ϹȴǴĸ˶ϸĳͻ滨ոȥӪΣ
ţֻ˯Ժģò̫Уһ߽֮󣬱ϹĻ˹˯
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һȥӪҴȥϹֻһ˯ѵӣҲ֪ƽǲҲ̰˯
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˵ҴȥϹǽڷָȥֻϵ˿
ֻ룬ԭҪܾģȴһֱյģ͵͵Ӧһã
Ӫеĸ߼ѵ룬λϵλȴһֱţҶǴ۵С۵Ŀţ˴˶пȺɻ
аǸϹߵϽˣۺʱεأүֻ絽ٵ
ǽȴͷһأʱ綼ˣȴʼնүӰ
˿ʼЩˣҿʼǲүʲô˵ʱ
һϮɫƽ۵Ϲ˽ϵɫаȣȻȴһĨ͵Ĺâ
պЩƣЩλõˣϹֱߵλŵһһɨ̶ڣ糣
ֻȴƽǷı䡣
ڳ΢΢һ㶣ǾƳү鲻û뵽ͽյƺˡ
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Ҫ֪ϴκΪϹһ͵Ӫȥȴ˵͵»Ҫ֮ӣ˰ӡ
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ԣһԾϹҽڵѡ
ʱÿյлҲɢˣ˲ʿȥʿѲߵȥѲߡ
Ϲȴһֱλûֱ˶˳ȥ̴ֻһʱŻڣ̴ǧ湫ӵҺƳ𣿡
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үôͻȻ˵Һˣ̴ĻЩ⡣
Ϲֻǹ˹̫ˡ
ǧ湫ӵҺأҪҪһʱ䡣ŪҺĻϷаܹһ֮Ƴ̴˵ͷ
Ǿ̴ˣϹûվת佫쵽̴ĸǰ
̴⣬㽫ִϣϸϸһɫ糣үָĺܺãȵµڽһŶϷٸү
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ЩϹٻסһֱȥԺҲ֪ġ
ֻҪүûе±Ҳȥڵĵһ죬үͳٵˣôͷһΡϹ֣߬ľ棺̴֪Ҫ˵ʲô

224 ҵֻԼ˵

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225 

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226 

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228 

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;аͻȻةฮǧΪòԾû뵽ȻҲˣ̨µһԱԱߵĹԱ˽š
˵үةฮСȥɽׯʱ򣬶СҲȥˣ֮ûñ˶СΪã
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үҪʲôŮûУôƫƫةฮСУ֮ƵʱڹԱ˵

229 ϹȦ

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ϹһǰϹݶ˷ŵϹѾûյǰ߰ԵøĹ
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ᱻͨһش̻ȻҹţѤƻֱװҫ۶Ѥá

230 ַ

ٺͯգĵĴš
˵ҲϲҸЦݡֻ滨ľοմߣԴҹŵ̻ǳϦǽҹʱĳ϶ַǷСĽóһľ
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231 ҳǰ

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һ˫ȦӵֲɵĸҪ˺滨Ҫá
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𣿡ֻѿЦţǵĻԽѤáǣҾ͵ûмӲ֪һֻŮӡϹĴҲһĨ΢ЦĻȣһұɽ軨Ŷǣҳ
ҵǰ𣿡ͳ˵һ仰ʱθߣűϹͨΪܹϹһ𣬽ƭɳȥĳֻǲҪڲǾΪһ뷨
һκ˶޷ֲ͸ıĺҺһǶʱ䣬֪ŬҪֲϹ˵⣬ḥֻ̈˫ʲôֲ˵ģΪͲ֪ɳǵ
ʲôʵɵ˺ԶĻҪ
ֻϹһһ˵ţҲԽԽ
ɳǵ꾿ʲôϹݣôĿ֮⣬ʲôֲ˺
ΪʲôҪŹأһ̣·ֻϹˣܱеֺΪܰϹЦŵЦݺɾȾ˿ʡ

232 

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ĿǱʲôסһ㣬
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ȻǹƬ̣Ϲ㽫Щȫ˻ȥһжɢҲһ˿ۼ
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ˣòã
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˵ĻǼٵģʣµİʱУʲô룬˵İɡ
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в
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Ա߾ˣֱࣺϺǷһԾȻҪôǮ
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ɾȻһھ˭㣿
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Сôˣ˵ɣϹϽʣһֽȻƽ˵š
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ܾûô򵥡ʱһǱ㱻ûһ쵱УߵĶ߶ǡž

233 ϲү

ΪϹǽ뿪ģʱǰ˻ȥλӸ̫󡢻Ϻͻʺ󹧺´֮ϲ
򱻲ܽ
סаסԺ䣬Ҳδסĵط
ϹסȻԶ
ȻֻȴһֱŸղŵ顣
ԽԽòԡ
Ϲ϶֪ˡ
ϹȻ֪ˣҲɵݡ
ΪʲôҪȥֽϵأ
ѾһﶼѾˣϹûбҪڶһٽ滨ȥˡ
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Ϲ뿪ʹ֮󣬲ûֱӻаȥһưܵ
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ڷ紵ǽǴ뷢׵ķ˫ֺʮڸɿݵĵϣ˿ĺ䡣
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ϹǰϵĴ˷ɵϣʦܷ񽫸ղŵꣿ
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Ϲ΢΢ͳǴϿ˵İֺ𣿡
ΣΣɷʵɤǳ׵ƽ
ͷʦǸŵ˵ԵӦÿ԰ɣϹ˵ű½һдֵĺֽõɵǰ
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С㣬ҵи취ûСү뿪̴˵ţһƬࣺͿСԸԸˡ
ֻҪȥҶûⰡֻ˵
һķգ̴ֽ˵пүֱӴݣֻ
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234 ǰ̫

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ζ˵̴Ҫ˵ү֪ҵУүȻ֪ˣǸ⡣ΣԻʮֵĸߣ
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үĺϲ滨Ļ滨ߵġ̴һһ³仰
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֪ڵʲôϹƿм֮⣬Ȼȴ̩ɽء
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235 

˽֪ĳֻһλСûϵĳ谮ҴСͶ书Ȥһרо
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˷׷̧ͷϹķȥ
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ȻΪ͹УҲ㹫ԸϼϹû̫ķУ㿪˵
ϾϪ̫Ѿˣڳҹ٣Ǹа֣аӦĻǻ»
ʣûκֻȭŲۣСġϹվֶŻϵת硢°ϪϳβŪô죿
˻ЩţǴϹ˵꣬˲΢΢һЦͬʱҲһ
аͦϧ񣡡Ϫ̫ҲѿǳЦšüǹʼնڣϹϵ񣬸һƬ̽ôһǲϧһ̫Ҫս뱾ˡϹŶЦ˵ţ͸¶һֽʿ͵ԡԸ񣬵Ǻתȴ
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ʱϵ·תһһɢ俪¶ϸ۵ĲԼ
˼һĻ׷״ۣȥ
аôĵӣȻϷϪһ´ϯλվŭ˵š
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½ǡͶԴһ˵ơ
вԵĵطΪõսүȻʹ˱ӵķʽģ㲻ÿɳ𣿡Ϫ֣Ϲ
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236 

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Ϊ˻Ͻаһͨǳ̫ȴϸʮźڻҩҪ
˱˲׳̫Ӵ˴ǰĿġ
һֱֽͺڻҩطϸ״̬Ϲһ˵С
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ʮźڻҩûʲôһöԷżпܻ
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ǲаô˵ģһλſ˶Ӷ˵
ֻԱߵĲϣϸϸƷµĲա
аôܽڻҩ͸أſ˹һӣĵааӭȢ
롭ɴзһ̾
Աߵˣ¶һȵɫ
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үȻҪ¾үӦýķϡǧ²ɵĿڵ滨ʱѾ˲ٵֵǮΣԺӦòᡭôڣô䣬ִôǮҪǳʲôô죿Ϲͺҹв˺˪

237 ϣܵһĳ̶

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Ͳڵȼ죬ȥ
ΪʲôǺϣ
ǡǧ²ڶԡ
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СȥɡϹѸٵĽеڸǣᳶ´ǣаȵ˵
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һʼΪаضǸᡢ̵ˡ
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үȴʱסϹһ˫߰ӣһҪүһ³үǰүΣǱġǹԼ̫ûдӦǣϹ΢ͣ˼ĨڵĺһĨ⣬ȴĿţ˴˽£Ƿ
Щס
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·ʱǵġ
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ϹײɵһؿǱһݺһ°㣬۵ҵš
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ѧˣȻԺЩӣ͵͵ĲһСүȻ滨ִҪߣүαڽ滨ϡ涼ʢ飬滨ˣүӦøŶԣ㽫滨ҵˣү
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үĲ֪飬֪һϢĻҲԲ滨ߡһҪף˵ˣǿ󡣡үū澵Ĵū澵ӦöСԺԴӶСһʱ֮󣬱ͻȻ˵СǱ߿ζĲˣԼ³кūһԡڼū
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238 ϲ

ôڲԹɫ᲻֪ϣȥԺأȷʵү滨飬κ˶ûйϵ滨Ϊܹ뿪үѾ˳׼һΪүҪӭȢ顣ҸոѾ
ʹˣ˵滨֪飬ȴûʹһйү飬û¶һ˿һĵ̴޾ӭϹĺһҲ
˵滨Ͳүһľγү㲻Ժʱ뿪үҪζү׷顣̴Ծ
Ϲݲ˺˪ҹͫһƬģǸߴӰվ̴ǰЩͺվζͬʱȴֲôһĨ¼šү滨û߳ɹǿ϶´Ρѵүʱʱ̶̿滨ߣ滨𣿡̴Ϲʧȥ۾Ѹ

үԴΪأ͵滨ûгֹүҲûм滨̴˫ֱȭ˵š
Ҳ׷׹үԴΪء
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һΣһΡĿԼϵƤһıףڵѪҺţԴȴѣѵĿԼ
û뵽ָȻһΡү滨ϲүĻҾ˵һ䡣ү滨Ĳϲүүʲôϲү̴̧ͷϹɫͫƺһ
ε
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ү̴˻ĵĽһ滨еĳ޻ҪҪ𣿡
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ү滨ﳼʶҲ֪ү˵ʲôة΢΢һ㶣̶ᶨĿڵة࣬㣬һֱةฮ±Ȼ֪ǽҲ϶֪滨ӰôýôϹٴγڵ㵽ʱҪ
ȥҪ𣿡
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үǻԼѡġة˱۾ԣ֪үǽΪãó̫ҹةฮĻ»졣
µݺֽʲôϹתة۾
Ҹ׼ʮ֪һةش
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ҺòòҪǡĲȥˡֻĺ뽫һж˵ֻֻҪԼ
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239 ذ

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ѽѽĳһȤԱү㱾ȥġ˫ȴִӢϹϡ
Ϲ΢΢һЦȴûʲô¶ȣǸҪȥӪӲ죬繫үȥɣ
ү鲢ôİһ޵˸侧ĹâǲʲôˣϹ仰ҹ⵭ĿΪͬʮڻҩ˵ǴҶһԴҲкô
ΪΪȢĻǱ˵Ǹ
ϹĲһɵüͷһĵǣȴҲֻܽͷʹȥ
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ǹԸ޸𣿡Ϲʵ۾ֱ
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ԺҪ޵˶һļϵˡ̧˰򦣬ԽԵò޽ġ
ϹṴ´ǣûκε¶ȣǹҪ޵ˡձȥ̫һ´°ɣ
а㵱豾飬ô𣿡
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ֻҪܹԱԴһãʹӦ飡ԼĻֻھӪУԸȻҲѺͺˬȫȻûŮӸеĽߺ֡
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˲ϹʵȷʵϹɡ꣬սδһսү㣬𣿡ϪϹô˵ʵȻҲųаȷʵڴս츳ǡսϹ츳ǲе
ҪĻʵսͼıǧһλǧɣаȴһս
̫ӣȷʵ˻ɡ̫⻰˵ġ⣡ϹܿϪĿһ˼
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ԣȻ˵ҵƴǵʬ壬ʬȫǣֻܿα𣬵Ⲣ֤ƴˣϪ˵ɫݡ
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̫ƴΪˣټԼߡͨʦָνǵ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
ǰ̫ƴǵĹ֮пǴġ
ǰ̫ƴǵĻǾʮδĶ֣
֪ܹΪ̫ЧʲôϹѸٵ˵
˶Ϊƴʮȫʮģû֪ǰ̫ںСʱһֶֶܸһϪа˵š
̫ӣܡаջؾǵĵһϾ͡˵»Ϲĳ衣̫֪ۿ𣿡Ϫʵ

240 ź̫ԡ

Ϲ˶٣ǵʱҩģ
Ӫôˣ˭⡭һϪȴǲΪ⣺ƴǣҲ˵ġ
̫ӣȷֶƴûн𣿡
ֶ޽⣬Ψһİ취ԼһһƳҪʮʱ䣡Ϫޱȿ϶˵š
ϹԽԽϹǰ̫ƴǡ
˶ΪϹ顢רһΪֻ˵檵Ļ
δƴǵһΣ̫ӣڵϹпܾǰ̫ƴǣϹ뵽ʲôǰϹˣϢ֮ˣڳ׵ȴ˽ˣû
ҵֻˡֱǰϹ׿ڸ˵ֻ˾Ϲȥġ뵱ʱϹԲѣߵЩ˿϶һϵİΣϣôҹɳǸϵǽֻأȻƴµϹֻһ棬ǲ֪
ʲôԭûнֻߡ
ΪǸʱϹѾˣԾûбҪֻɳˣϪӺһĨ⡣
ԡȻƴǱ˳µĶϹݣȿԶܳ׷ɱҲԵȴʱ𣡡Ϲ߬еȭͷļᶨ
һжֻǵĲ²⣡ϪĬһյõ㷱ǣ˵šǳĻ̫ӻܶԸɱ̸ףû֤ݣǲǵģһпܴݾߣӿ츴ļƻϪɫЩ

ǰ׷ʱذΧİΧ£ƴǶܹ
οرԺյа
Ҫ죬ܹҵϹ֤ݣûջϹеıȨУ
̫ӣܹҵֻĻͿ϶֪ʲôǰϾʲôֻֻһүôô棿ֻĻʧôãټҪôѾˣҪôھаУϪߵĿһϹűưĵ̫Ѿ
ˣͿôˣ
¹·Щʪһ˫Բ޵ĹŮжʯ·ţһСģǰĹŮˤһӣںĹŮûмʱͣסţҲصˤ˵ϡ
ū澵ĽŤˣվˡһͣˤڵصĹŮ׷ȴһŮˤòƺأŮĲ²ǿվȴѾˡ
Ϊ׵ǰһۣôͲ֪ĵ㣿̫ϾҪȥԡԡˣôڹϳ¡
ū澵ĽȷʵŤˣ߲ˡŮС΢һʹԼĽס
Ҳ֪⹬Ůˤأ̫ԡһᶼֻҪỤ̊һһ۱㿴ˡ
ۿ̫ӾҪˣ˹Ҳˡ
鼱֮µɨȵĹŮ֣㣬ԣ㣬
ǳɫŮĹŮָԼƣɨ˹
ŸʲôϽۼֻ߰æߴٵ
ҪĶȥʱųŮװֻһɻƣʲô°
̫йѾüˣһֱ͢һʹѾߣΪľǶžϹ
Ѿͷˣȥ̫ԡʱ򣬸ۼϸ㣬ǧκεĲֻһ֮ͨ󣬱ǰ·ˡ
С΢ԭŵҲֻϡ
ֻźϪ̫ԡѣֻҪźС
ֻţ͵͵һΧĹŮ
վɽԼݳһɫƽƽĹŮ̫ϪδĹŮǾϸѡģģҪǽԼݳһɫƽƽĹŮ˵ע⡣
ֻҲֻýݳһмɫĹŮ
ڿźϪ̫ӵĹŮģÿҲͰˡ
ΪԡȪɽԡĳˮȻǴȪɽȪˮһ߽ȥһͬڵů˶С
ıѩγĶԱȡ
ûһֻˡ
ŸʲôϽȥ·ŮѾ۷۵ȥ·ȥˣȴֻźĹŮɵվһߣǰѵ
Ҳԣů紺ôĶװվ棬ʲô¶ðһ
ֻӯĨȹ߳ʱĹŮɵĳֻ࿴ϼۡ
Щרź̫ԡĹŮȻϸϸѡġòĶҪһĹŮʤһ
ֻòƫ£û뵽ºװֻξ˵¡Q
ҫ·һĹ
̫Ϫ߽ԡҵʱ򣬹ŮѾһж׼׵ˣվǰ׵ŮǰΪϪ¡
ɫϡˮĴԡ𣬽վԡܵĹŮʵˮ֮С
˭ôЩϪֻǵɨһۣ㷢վĩβһŮûм
ʵ
ò
̫ӣĹŮ֮ǰ̫ӵĹŮСˤȣһԵ
̫ϪһŮ˵һߣתָֻ
Ϲóľڱ߰ϸˡ
ֻͷߵ̫Ϫ߹£ЩţɫȴһƬƽū澲μ̫ӣ
̧ͷϪŹǰֻɵ۾
һ磬εŮ˶ȻһŽĵò
ģֻ́ͷʱϪеǲЩʧˡ
˵Ҳмɫȴ;ɫܶࡣ
ѵ
ʲôϪӸµĿŹԼǰֻ
ֻԥһ±ū澻
Ϫϸϸľ׽֣㳯ߵİͿһۡ
Ϫ˼ĬĬ˳ȥ
汾£Ϫֵ
ֻʹüͷɵ塣Ϫ̫ĪûмĺõŮˣ
Ϫ¡
̫Ϫ˿ݣ·֮Ըжֲ
һ˫׳ı۰һ֪ǳϰԭ
ϵһ˰̣֤̫Ϫ֮ǰһ佫
ֻݵĸϪ֮󣬱˵һߡ
̫ѵÿ㣬㻹Ͻȥź̫ӣʱȴߵֻߵ
ֻȻ˼ȴװʲôɵͷվԭءʲôЦйǱѵģ̫ӱ֮أôܻܵǰȥơ

241 ź

ϪůȪˮУ뵵ˮ𣬽ֻӰյԽ롢ʡ
ϪĿվڵԵֻʹףվǱߡ
ŮԵЩࡣ
ûҪôź̫𣿡ϪĴл³
״ֻ̳ʹһɫ
Ѳ̫ûʲôŮô϶
ֻʹߵԡԣŮֻóһλá
ֻôûϴ裬СӶûиϴ
ԡĹߣЩ֪롣
ɵĳȥһơ
ֻȻϪ
һˣⶼʮֵĽʵеԣõȻҲҪЩ
ֻһȥʱԸоϪļЩӲȫûзǴڷ״̬
ֻʲô̫ӻпǴ̿ͣԶһֱо衣
뵽⣬ֻҲΪ̫ǿأ
Ǳĸ̫簴Ħ
ֻĦֶˣϪ̫ϵļⶼûз
ҪҪô谡ֻǱʱйǴĻǻ⹬Ů׼ɱģ
ǶȥһϪͻȻڵ˲ɺӡ
£ֻһҲ׼ȢʱϪȴִӴ³һ䡣
һ۹̫ϪֻѸٵһĨЦݡ
ĹŮȥһʱԡֻʣֻϪˡ
Ϊʲô󣿡ϪֻžĲɽˮһ
ֻһɬ󣬸ҪϪֱۣȴͻȻϪʪĴס
һ㽫ֻˤԡС
ϪסֻĲԴˮС
ֻţ޴ġ졣
Źϵˣɵ롣̫ӳҹŮͷһΰ⶯òƺܼҰ
ءֻץסϪסԼֱָ֣ϣҪȥϪСĴָʱϪȴԼɿ֡
һ¶ˮ棬ֻ㼱ٵĴĿš
̫ӡūūʲôֻһ߿ţһεһߣȴǲʵ
ϪŴʱʪ͸ֻѱھˮôһݣȫʪϣǽȣιյ¡
ֱ͸ûд·һȴҪû·Ϊˡ
Ĳã¸̫ӰϪֻϣΪ񣬷ܹ޴Ρ
ֻһˮеϪһͷںڵĳ𣬺ŨĽüںڵ۾ҫۣͦԸС˵ĺ뻪Ũ
һֻĸо
ֻԡϵˮ׹ڵص㣬ϵ¶ɡ
ĲϾͬһɴһ㣬˺֡
ʼϪ۾ûдֻŲ
ǽ
ֻ˫ֻסԼؿڣϪһĨ⡣
ʱ洫̫ӣҪ㣡
֪ˡϪƬ̣㿪ڵ
ԭֻ庮⣬ȻЩȡ
ֻҪǸˣôһջȴ崿ŮˣȻӦ
Ժͽź̫ӡ䣬ĹŮ˽̫Ӹ¡
˵Ķһشϲ£ȴһ
ĺҪٰһŮˣӦüٰһ̫ģ
̫ԡϸУŭĽϵĻƿ飬һ̫ǰȰο
ǻĽȴץֱߵĲ豭㳯λ̫ȥ
˭ˣһɫƽ۵Ϫ߽һĻɤƽ͵
ȴǱȥû˵ϪǰһǹаǲǣտʼӽֻҪ̽ʵݡ֮аһΪĿĵĶѣôĶأ

֣ҲܣһҪҵǸֻҪɱа֮ͱһӵΪ˶аͻ
û뵽аҲûгˣۿԪˣаǱȴһûС
Ϫû˵ֻߵ̫ʦ¡ǸֻʲôõģǸŮôݵ顣аΪʲôǶΪúÿ𣿡Խ˵Խ޲Ǹֻھǰݺݳϼ
ӣƤûһ⣬ʱаǲǻϲ
͸ǾԲ޸аġϪĿڵ
Ϊʲô̷ʵ㲻Ҳƴ̫Ӱ
ƴ̫ӵԸôܻᵱڳҵأСʱ㳣ԶƴǵԸ˽һġºͣŵԸǲġ
ƴ̫Ӷǵ˽⣬ɱ˽öࡣô֪ΪأϪһ裬˵š
ǻ͸ӦҼ޸ˣҪƴ̫ӵĻǾԲܺҶģ˫ֲ̧ɵ뻢ڣϪƴǣǼ޸ڰϵλһϵλὫ𣿴Ķ˵ʮҰ
ģһҰĵĵۻǾԲ״ģž򵽳ġô᣿ǿܽеóڵҲһˡǳȴڶǻжռ˺üˡ̷һ֮ôֵܵס
ǳڶ
ֻʱĶѣϪҧüأ֮ʺͱǲܽ޸аģ
֣Ϊʲôѵ㿴аһ𣿵ʱΪ¼֮󣬾ٴҰģôĹҵĸأߵϪǰץֱ˵
ڼ޸аÿаص𣿡аǳ飬㲢ϲˣֺôһ˵ϪǰаһŮ鳤ˣôܻĵλΪ˵ۻʣе
ΪᣬΪںµĺ𣿡
֣ǡڻңĿȾһЩ
ĸʲǴֵܵжλ𣿡ûʲôǵġҳӲȱ˫ȫĺжȻȥ֮󣬱ΪѡһλϪƿ˫ֳ˵

242 ļƻ

ֱ֡š
ȻǸΨһŮʮܳ裬Ҳ֪˵һƢ
ǻӦҪҵǸֻҵҪǸֻжȻаԳԸҲ᲻һҧгݵ˵ţ׺ݵĹâ
аΪǸֲֻֻ֮µģϪһⲻѸٵһĨյĹâ
ǰҵȥаҪӦˣгһٴμֻɱȴǲϣԽ˵ԽиǺһŭҪӿ
ϪϰԵĨĨǣȻ˫ͫȴһƬģĻһĨտаȵĹâ
үݷ꣬ѵҪΪ滨ʱ𣿡̴ϹֱӾܾӭȢļƻ֮𾪵ɫ
үһŮ鳤ˣѪǰΪʲô̫ʦϵϹȴ΢΢һЦ̴ѵˣƻıñŹ֮ʣŻӽ̫ӺǰݷΪ
ô˸ıһ¼ƻأ
̴üͷһ壬һ˼ĿϹү˵ļƻʲô
ǧ£Ϲȴǻƿ˫³֡
ʱβӰϹĸǰ˵òһģһҪϸȥԿϵһΪأһΪЩ
£˰ȥѰ滨䡣һҪڱ뿪֮ǰǰϹΪѵǧԸ
ү̴
Ϲȴǳ̴һƣ̴ڶƳһЩҺҪãǧҲҪá
̴ǧ˲ɶһۣƺԽԽү˼ˡ
ү˼һһ˭Ҳ²ҹŨī͹ϪǰһһʮϪ̫ӣŮȷʵһģΪеˮһֱ˷֮ͱһЩ
ɨͥԺ顣Ҳ˵ˣʱһŮŤ˽ţÿɨȣ
Ϫ꣬ĵ֪ˡ
ʱһɫӰȴϪ޵С
ôұʲô£Ϫǰˣһüͷʵ̫ӡոյõһϢаڱԺһҡòͨһһѸҵȴֻмƣ˵֮ǰһֱڱԺУҺǳ谮
һϮµϹվϪǰβסļ
ҺƲԸаʮǰаҹˣϹ˵ϪķӦ
ʮǰϪ̫Ӻһ¾
ʮǰаκҹϣа˵ҪҪɫҴҵˡ
ԣѾȥˣҽ滨ȷʵһѸɷǰǰɳǲξϹ˵
һѸԸаҪаȻѸжӣ֪֮󣬾ȻȥңϪ۾˵
ö廹аԸġϹҫš
һĨĹ⡣
˼аȷʵаûʲôɵĵطаǲаֻҪ̫ҵ滨ĹѸʲôˡΪ滨пֻܾ֮ǰһֱ˶סةฮĶ˱㿴һκֻŮӽ
ةฮڵһŮϹˡ
ȻöߵѾСģЩһʱ취ߵĹϵһ
Ҳû뵽ϹȻֻڱԺС
аӦѾ滨ץˡΪö˿䡣ȻĻöôаϡ
塣
Ϊʲôô˵Ϫ̫ɻֻʧٵʱǧ湫ӵҺ϶ݳ˵ģҪӳаͱͱҪһͨ뺡ֻǡû뵽Ȼصǣһ
аڲׯˣϹ˵ʱҲЩ˵ͨҲֻǱĲ²⡣Ǹ滨ҲпֻܲȻаȻҵֻΪβةฮϵĴãһҪȡֻĻԼأҲϹ˼
ĵط
Ҳ̨ׯһֻƵŮˡ
ǸŮ˺пܾ滨ǵʱǸŮǳžǷȥģֱӽеɻȥˡ
ΪҪֻĻǲܻؾǵģ
ֻҪ̫ҵǸ滨Ϳ϶֪аʵݣ
Ϫ̫ѨǶʾã֮滨ܣڽΪֻԸаȻϵ滨˵а滨ΪӡһòͨһѸŮˣƾһƵξôа˵أϹķ
ȥȷʵ˵ֻĻЩ˵ͨˡаΪʲôҪȡֻĻԼҲڼѰֻˡðֻ滨ΪʲôҪھأһжС׿ڸ
ġ
Ҳа滨ڲׯĳ˵ʮϸ
Ǹ滨˵һڵֱ뺷ûһС֣аķӦǶ㣬ƺа
ֻһͣǾаƴ̫ӣϪƬ֮󣬱һһ³һλϵƸ˲ɱ
Ǹ滨ҲаھģǱаģҲͽ滨ΪʲôҪӳǣϪɭӣָɵ߬
ѰֻΪ֪滨ֻҲڳϦҹȡֻĻԼģ˵׼Ϫ˵ⴽǲɵĻһĨаЦ
δƴóġ
ǡаƴ̫ӵĻΪʲҪôľֻϣѲɡ̫ƴǻϲֻϹЩ췽ҹ̷
ֻĵһŮƴ̫ӿһŶʳ˼̻
ҪǷǰпš
ֻڵƴ̫ôܻϲ
»ܻϲһٵŮˣƴ̫һ֪ͼˣȻܹô˽Ϲ֮ǰ飬˵ϹԼƴ˵ġϹôϲֻƴǰչֻҲɣϪƿ˫
ص˵š
˵ôֻ࣬Ĳ²⣬ûκε֤֤ϹƴǼðġ
ƴֱѾ֪֮󣬿¡ǲ߳ġ
ԣҪôҵ֤ݣҪôֻƴǶսʱ֣
ǿֻҪҵֻһⶼӭжˣϹаЦ⡣
֮ǰֻϣϪ̫ܹԸаû뵽аȻƴǡϪ̫ӿҪҪĿˣ

243 Ȫ

Ϫ˫ֽڸǰŻŨȴһƬĺͳ˼
С㣬Һ¼ʱһµȻСݾͻᱻ̫ӷˣһݷվֻǰ˵
û뵽Ǹ̫ӾȻ˵ľ裬ûֻʱ̫ӽͻȻԡУЩ¡С㣬̫źҪôǶݻɣҪô롭С㻹ǸϽ߰ɣة಻ֻһ˻̫ӵй˱Сǵݷ͵͵Ļ˾
ǡ
ةȻѾǹˣǶٻЩģݷ㰲嵽ѲйлǱȽ׵ġ
УҪ̫ӲŮһܸߡվҪ̫߽źˣǲˣ̫ӿ϶ỳҵݵġֻݷҡҡͷ
̫ǡҪСָô죿ݷȴһǵ˵š
ĺˣҩҶҲˣռ˺ˡһǾ͸Ͻֻ˻еһҩƿصĳݷһЦ
Ҳ֮ǰʲôģҩԭΪϹƵģҪʧȥȤûɶɶ顣ȻҪǺȱҩɲá
Ϲûõóˡ
ǡСǵѣΣյĻʹǵѣݷɫԾЩǣǻǴóһʳָĹǵѽֻ
겻ԴǱǰˣֻЩӱǵѿš
ǰݷԴ䣬ʲôʲôȫֻ˼ˡС㣬֮ǰһЩ飬һǲ֪Լ˭ı֧ǵѣУֻҪǵѣͻֺܶˡݷŬţЩ䶼ǵ
ȱʧ˺ܶ飬ȴôҲƴղ
ֻǰݷ㣬֮ǰݷԴ˵򵥣ĳ̶ȺͰЧȴǺܲġ
һǵֺܶˣѲһˣǸʲôׯһȥָܻܿˡҲżԴͻȻһʲôĻñʼԵĻʱһȥңֻҪһ
ϳ㣬Ҳ֪ˡֻΪݷˡ
ţллС㡣ݷһͷ
ӦллŶԡҪ㼰ʱ֣ҿɾĵùˣֻɵĿڵˣ߰ɡйϣǧҪ˷ˡ
վԪˣҹȴͻȻһСѩԭһƬɪȪװװعŸߵĹɫ㽨ȥͬһϺõˮīһ㡣
ʱλȪɽɽϣȴһѩɢƵˮ
ӵصȻȪˮ㼯һУһΪůΪȪˮůĸȻһСƻͱ̵ݣ벻ԶİɫѩγĶԱȡ
ͺССȪɽϽͶΪһ壬̾ΪֹȤ±ѩ¹⡢Ȫ½Ϊһ壬ǸΪˡ̫ϪһɫƽۣɽµѩöʯɵСԲóһ
Ȫаš
ѵ̫ӽǰһͬȪģϹ˳Ϫ⿴ȥǹһĨĻȡ
¹ѩ䣬ǽȪеĻȴо˿ĺ䣬ܡ
ô죬ѲɱаȪĲɣϪЦ˵ţ˵аһ롱ơ
Ϲ⳯Ϫһۣ濴һƬƽʵȴһƬŨ
ЩϪһֱСĵ̽
ȪȻҲǡ
ֻվ⺮мֱҪˣڸϪµʱֱֶӲʹˡ
ĸ㲻Ϫ̫ӵԴǲ㶺ˣô죬ָոѩȴҪܵȪ
ҪǻϹ
ȪǲˣЩûȪݵˣȴҪվﰤ
ɽϵĺֱ˵Ĺ갡
һҪϹЩʲôǿǴ˵ˣ
СֻϪ̫ܷ߳ʱӭĺһ硣
СŸаĲҲһ
Үж಻䰡ȫ¾һ񣬾Ȼ˱ֱվ
ϪϹǻ࿴һۣ޳Ĵȱ㳯Ȫȥ
ϵĶ¶һ׳ļ⣬Ϊʵ
ֻֻһ۱Ѹٵĵͷ
˵˵ĶǧֻΪϹսɳԵʣϵҪϪ̫Ӷࡣ
ůȪˮ˵˿ܵİסİɫˮǰƿ
ϪȴǵϹϣҪϹѰʲôһ㡣
ǺȻûҵʲô
ǵƴǵƤǺܰ׵ģϹƤٲȻСɫģҪϹѰʲôۼ
Ǿ͸ˣΪϹϴСС˺ܶľˡ
ǵƴǵܹˣϹȴǲֹһˡ
ϹվǰϸϸϣܹȷϹûеܵĵˡ
Ȼǲܵġ
ӼϹʼֻһֱͷȥһۡ
ΪȪӦûҪźĵطˣȴƨƨߵĶȲ͵ģʱϹĲǲ
㻹ֻûʲôСһ䡣
ū澸̫ź̫ӵϲúԸū澶֪ȥźȽϺʡֻǻعͷǫ˵
ܹ̫ź򣬿һĺ£ܵö費˵ź˻ܵõٵʹ͡
һҲЦеĶȲ赽̫Ӹǰźȥˡ
ǱֻǳһɵýŲϹĽ䡣
ϵİοԼҲڲϵĸԼߡ
ϴôĹװ̫ߵŮϹϳġ
Ϲһ˫յ۾
Ȼûã߹ȥ̫硣
õģ̫Ҳ̫˰ɣֶû֪ˣôࣿ
Ѿе˵ˡԭŸаúõһ飬ûбҪˣϪϹȥɤһĳ䡢塣
ϹĲ룬һСưϵҨȪˮܵϹ¶ļͷ
ɫ£Ϲ˫ڵͫԵЩ롣˿׵ɫ
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˵үΪةฮĴС㣬ֻϪ𴽿ڵ
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244 û˿в

ϹΪҪӭȢӵģ
һıѾõģΪ׼˵ڶ׷أ
̫⻰ˣֻǲù᱾ΪģϹƿ
֮Ϊ棡
Ȼ´֪ģҪ˵ĻЩϪ̫ӵˡ
ôа֮ǰԹЩΪΪˡʾ𣿡Ϫ庮кƴһĨġ̫ӵĻôñЩף֪ΪЩ飿ϹȴǷʵʼձɴδ߿Ľӽ͸ЩﲻѭǺ͹
ѡ
Ϲ˵ûдʼǳһ˵Ĺϵ
Ҫ˵ģȷʵûжԹҲǴδ˽Լ
˵ģǽһϲöϡ
ϹʲôûȴĳбȥаΪةฮĴС㣬ĬĬ꣬ȻǶŮ˵˼δµаǰľһŰֽΪаսаڶ
Ů˷ʤһﰡϪǳаȵ˵š˫ϹһĨ׺ݡ
·Ϲ֮ʲôѪһ㣬ҪϹ֮졣
̫ӵǿʶҲ̫ܹñֶ̫֮λ˰ȺİáϪķ̣ϹֻĹ𴽣ƮƮĶһ仰
˵ʲôϪֻ˲̫Ϫļ
˶֪飬ѵ̫Լ̫֮λô𣿡ϪɢƣϹȴԾǰĴݡС
ʤΪΪܣһǧŲĵϪ߬ȭͷֱϵһ͹ŻŨ޵Ҳ䡢ɲ̫ˣЦǸιѾǻˣûнЩѹȥɼεĹ̫ӺǲİϹڳˮֱͫϪ۾
ǰ̫ƴǻˣһ֪жӦأ
аĳ֮£۵ģϪɫʮֵѿɫĿϹһһĴмһ仰
ǱةฮС飬ֺ̫ԣϹͳɤӥ⳯Ϫȥ
ϹֻǾȴ̩ɽѹһ㣬˴Ҵһ¡
ֻϪ߬ȭͷǽǽ֮Ħʱġ֨֨졣
ֱֻһͷƤ顣
ϪϹɫǿֲĺɫ漴ȴһ´ǣֿ˶ʯĳرϣ֪аǸ滨ңҵûУ
Ϲϴһɫߣīɫȴٿرһ¡
Ȼָܿƽ
̫ӺϲͱŮ˵飿
˵Ǹ滨ңκةฮֻмưϪһ˫ϹŹһ˿һϸڡ
ϹȴǹһЦ֪̫ǴϢɴûң
˫ʯֱͫϪ̫ӡ
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ү㵱ԼЯ˭Ϫʵ
⣬ϵɫҲԵ˱仯
̫ܲ鵽үиңѡ
Ҫǲ鵽үϵ滨Ǿֻ˵֪˸үġ
³ү׽֮⣬Ҳֻ滨ﱾˡ
ʱϵ͹ˣϹĿ繳ֱϪһһķʵѵȻһٵҹ˳ǣﰡϪаŴŶˣ˵ûãһ˳ǣسǵ˵аˡǿ湻ɵ
ǵõа뱾δεһ룬ͻȻ˵м뿪ˡ
ôʵаǰаҪ϶ѡ
ҪваֻҪͬǰаɱǸ滨Ļ
Ͽ϶ͬģаԸ⣬ǻҲаʩѹҪɱǸ滨ģ
һԵֻνľϪϹĶԻ
ͬʱԴҲڲϵת˭ϹڱԺҵ˵ȥģ
Ҫ֪ϹΪ˲˷֣ÿԺʱǴߵġ
ȻҲǱܵġ
Ϫ̫Ӹǲ֪Щġ
϶Ǳ˸Ϫ̫ӵġ
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ʢ˵ϪϹֻŴǣһ˫ӿϪ
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̫ȥģү̫ӵģϹ˵һ仰ʱƽٿһ°θߡ
Ҫ𣿡Ϫʵ
ǵĻͷ̫汾תһ¡ûκ¿вϹƿ˫ޱȵĵ
үɱүں𣿡Ϫһ޵ĳüҲʱһЩ
仰һصʱҲԽ
·һ˫εֽ˵ĺס˲ǴӺһ亹
ֻϪ˫Ҳɵķٶȣ֪ΪʲôҲż
Ϲ˫ҹ˫ͫһƬһƬƽʵȴκ˵İӿ·ֻҪһײܻء
ãϹŻ³һ֣ԣ
ֻˣԭǼɽһ㣬ȻƵʡ
滨ֻϪٴʵ
˵ûκˣκ¿вϹͳɤһһ䣬ҧּΪ
ˣ֮ǰҪɱֻʱ˵Ŀ᲻ɱϪһüͷϹȴһЦ̫ӼȻϸĵ˱Ǳֻ֮飬̫ӦʮŶԡѵ̫ñһ˺ѹŮôں𣿱᲻
ˣˡ
ϹĻɣֻ仰Ѹٵһ漴һظĸо

245 ˭̫

ڲڲϵĻɺͲ²Ϲ˼ˣ
Ҳ͸֤֮ǰ뷨
Ϲһ̵ˣж౰΢󱬷ľж
ϹҲȷʵϲĺ
Ϲ滨ʱƭԼʱĽĨס
ֻʱֻҪеĺȫ
һʾһ㣬ϵϹȥ飬ϵʱʹѹȻĺⲻϵļ
ԵҪװãȴ̲סȥĥ˺
ǱʱĿԴϪݵ˵ţһ´Ȫվ
ֻһ£űһԵĶϪðϡ
ǱĿԴɣϹа˫ڳˮͫϪȥıӰ˵š
ү滨ﲻ̫ӵ𣿡벻ɵĿʵ
ǲǸãϹȴЦһԪأ
˵ʲôûлȥʲôطˣɫȥ֮ȴûл̫Ϫ̷ϵš
ڵϵ¶ţ̶֧֧ʱаˣ˵аһͬȥ
±ô֪Ϫϵ˲ú쳣
ϹȥȪɽȪ֮ȥ˻ʹȥһͬţû뵽ϹȻйʱ
̫ӲȥԾͲūǸ̫˵ǲ̫֪айڵϵѾʼɪɪˡ
ΪϾͻ⹬ŶˣҲӰ
Ž̫ӡ
ϹˣʲôֶΣ
ȥаϪʶ߬˫ȭ˵š
Ϫһ˵ӺƺƵаʱаƽһ㲢ûʲô⡣
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κεĶ̳ȥϪŽǰа
ڿƽ˭ֲ֪ʲôΰӿء
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һĺ紵ϪϵĶ
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̫ӺαôţֻȥѡϹĿһϪ̫ĸȫװ嵶
ʲôطϪ˫˵ʵ͹ʱ򣬹ƺԱĸܸۡȤֱɫҲԸȥ͹ȥӦý˰ɣϹһ˫ȴԾ
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ϧµһ룬õܾͱֽˡ
Ϫɫһ䣬ֱϹͫЩš
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Ņ֣̀ϪپȫƱʲôһ㣬ֽһƬһذ׵ûС
㡭Աҩһ䣬ϪҲ̳ĳǻûȰڳƣеĵһڵء
վվȡ
ϪܣǲɱôôжأϹҧļء
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˵㡰žһִİ£˲ԭɱҷ֣תȴΧ
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³ÿһ֣һӡǰʱа߳ȥĻӱ㼴ɱ˱ΣҲ¶ˡϪһ˫˫ݵĿϹǻһĨЦ

𣿡Ϲ俪ڣ̶㽫ϵɫժ
һŻŨޣü䡢ưݱϪǰϪ͵һ˲֫ٺѪҺС

246 ֱŵĻ

ϪܣʲôʱܸĸǼأǽ粻˵顣Ҳô㶯֣ϹӴվݵḧһµ·ϵ塣
漴֣Ϫϵƺ塣
ϪŬҪһжͽ͡
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Ǹʱƴȴڴڣع
˻ҪĴӿ׷ɱ
ʱƴǵľһڵҪ١
Ϫܣ㲻ǰ˵ʵʹΣϹϸϸĦϪֵĻ塣
Ҳһһģһģöʮ꣬Ϊӱ׷ɱһʬ塣
ү𣿡
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ġĸбӶԱԸϵָƣϪȫǻȴʮ㡣ϪܣȻ֪ԭǴ뿪·϶ֵġ֮ڼװ˻Բѣװɵûһ˻һ־ɵӼƽЩɣƴǿ
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Ӧøϲаһ
㡭ϪŽɫߴϵǧֱǺϹһģһ޴ӷֱ档
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Ϫȴһƴǣˣ֮ɫͫ˲˺Ѫ˿
£аͺúôðɣƴǽϵһѣ¶һϪһģһĽۡ
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׷ҲӲѡ治֪ôôֱţܹ̫źǶĸһֱ̫Ӹϻȥˡ

247 ɱǸ

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Ҳʱ˽ʲôҪһ㡣
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ӣѾˣʱǵֻܻĸʣµľҪ뿪󡣡ݳɰ͵
ȳǱԽд̵壬Ϫ̫ӵȫǵˡ
Ϣ𣿡ƴϵ鲢û̫ı仯
³Ĭһ£ûУЩةฮҲûзʲôɵġة˳ȥͳкѰݱ֮⣬Ҳûȥˡ
үأƴɫһݡ
⾩ôֻܶ㵽ʲôطȥ
ѲϹУ
ǡ˿СߵС͵͵ȥһˣҲûСĳϸ˵үӵ飬᲻Сйأ
ƴǳƬ̶̣ڵǺµЩϵڡ£ӦòᡣȻӦøϹ˵ˡ
Ԫˣú׼ɣϪϹ϶ǴԪġƴһ̫Ѩ
ϣϹУȴֲϣ
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ϾйֻĸǵˣҪһϪ̫ߵ˲ʲôͲˡ
뿪˶ƴȴṴһ´һƬĮ
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аϾֻôĸ飬һһϦ˵ġаһֻƵŮӴֻñòİ
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ʵԸֻҪаôݵǸأ
ŪǸǳ顣
ҲǧҪ˵
Ļ̫ӲصģѾˣѾã
֣Ȩ㳯Ұа˵ֻҲҲпԭһСС檣ôҲа˵꣬ϹԲڵ
Ҳƴϣľ棬ֻҪڽ̽ͻ֪滨ڲϹˡ
Ҫߵأ᲻ߵҲκͻƣ㽫ǧ͸ɫߣֱϹȥ
ϹһȻ֣ܿɴδһκֻƵŮӣôн檴һ˵ˡ
ܺãϹȻô˵˵滨ϹС
ǱһõƷаûʧܣҲһССҲҲǧеⶼ׸Ϲ
Ȼ˵ĿȫϹϣϿϹⶼŻɡϹ״ʣԻʧٺ󣬶ȻҲһֱѰϢǳɳȥôֵܺȡȻֶҲôܻҵ

248 а

ϹԽô˵Խܹ˵Ҳûҵ
Ȼʱ϶ֻвˡ
ʼûĵϲֻֻǽһõĹ߶ѡ
֮ԻҪֻȥǲĶѡ
ֻ⵹Ļ϶᲻
Ͼֻܹ͸Ŀɺˣʲô鲻ġ
̫ӣҲˣү˵˲ǱȴҲҲ̫ⲻڹѱ𣿡ǧģƴĵƴ˵ʣԸýѲԻһףö͹а䣬ȻҲаУҲ븸һȥѲа˵̲ȥɱ
Լĳ檣˵Ҳġ
һϹûѸˣǾ˵ȷʵүУаҲȷܹ
Ͽһаֿһ̫ӡ
Ϊ飬ȻҪѲλ⴫ȥϡ
ðǾѰ˳ѾӪºͺ󹬶һ飬̫ΪߵܻὫ˲ص𴦣Ȼû뵽ǣаȴҲӦʮʹ졣
²ɵЩãȻˣ֪˭ˡаȻô˵ǱǸ檲ˣҪñаһ檶ҲĻǸѾˣѾ˸ˡȻǸ檻ھǣͬа
һ㡣˵ǸѾ뿪˾ǣаӦ֪ٲŶԣƴָľ棬ŻŨ޵ϿһƬĮưĵȴǲ¶һĨЦ⡣
һɿԹ˴ھˡ
Ҫܶ㵽ʲôطȥ̫ӣ֪Ϣ֮󣬾Ѿ˷˸ţûд뿪ǵϢԱӦûھǣ֪Ǳ˲ˣǡһ֪
ĵطǧ̱ƴǵĻ˵
Ȼ仰֮󣬱ֱ½˴ºͱȥһ⽻һҵˣ㽫ֱ͵йȥ
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ոѲ·ʱмλĹԱ˵ôºͱȫѰС䣡ݷһ߶ֻ˵ţһ߾Χ
ֻüͷһ壺ѰңôͻȻԪ
ԣѰ滨ΪүڱԺ檵̫Ѿ֪ˣ̫үɱ檣ͬԻϱȫѰС㡣ݷ¶һĨǡ
С㣬Ѿ̫ˣҪýҴϽ뿪ǰɣݷ̬ԣǹغܷ飬ϱض᲻׷滨䡣
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ڳѾˣŶˡֻԥ˵ţʱţ̫˻ˡ
ûϵֻҪ鵽ةฮ̫ӹУֻ˵ҵ˵ǸʹѾߣȥǰʸûУͼϹһǺܰȫġ
ĿǰΪֹҲֻˡݷ̾һȭͷűʵǴСݱ֣үĻɱ˴С𣿡
ܡɣֻвһűֵ˵
ôеϲǱĵҵ˵ʲô
ԹλΪһŮ˶µģ֣һСС檣˵һѸ⿿Լôӵùаأ˵ǸаصúúأЩߺ޵˵ţ˫ӢȴĵϻһĨ
ݡ
ƴǰڵĵ·Թŷǰ·ͦεɫԵüΪ͡䣺аҪһ˲кѡܹһЩ˿ģ
û뵽аȻôֻǸֻ˳úÿһʲôаΪ˻һڱԺУԽ˵ԽŭϰԵ˦е
ԺҪһֻƵŮҪô죿ԽԽߣƺ޲ھͽֻһ㡣
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Ǹ滨ıҵˣ֣аɱ𣿡ǽͻȻʵ
ֻһѣֲֻƴƿ˫ԴһĨа֮
ҲǣǻҪǸ檻аĺӸô죿뵽а̬Ǻģû˵һɱҲû˵ɱ
ƴȴǲɹ𴽣һĨζЦа飬ʲôģ
֡㱧ƴǵ䣬Ļζţ֪ģҸҲвûǿҵķԣֻҪаó㹻ĳͿˡȥ϶ͨˣǳһݺ͵λ֪ҪǸֻٱǸֻأһƤһʲôЩ
ֵ˵š
ֻ·ïõʱȴײ̫Ӻ͹˻йȻҲǽǵĶԻ̫˵ǰ㣬ϹĸֻΪһֵòѣһÿƤ֮⣬ʲôܹ͸߹ȵģ

249 ̫ô

ĻĺӣҲɣ
ΪͻȻѲ滨飬̫Ӻ͹ĻسʱҲ΢аҲӳ˰¡
Ǵºͱ˽ǵĽǽ䶼Ѳ˸ؤסԼ¥ֵطѱˣɾӰûм
˲ɻɣа檾Ǳ˲Ѿˣа󵼴ңʵǸѾ˾ǣ
տʼʱֻЩĵģ󣬹ǿ췭ˣ̫ӹȴһûС
۵˶ûУ·һƴѰйһ㡣
Ҳԣ˭ܹ뵽а檴˿̻йΪһרŴɨͥԺĴʹأ
ӣⶬ·񣬶滨Һȥڴ룡߽鰸ǰƴ˵
ƴһֱǺϪǰּģıʼ
ǧȥһةฮƴȴǵĿڵ㽫дֽӵԱߵĻ¯ջ٣ةֻ࣬ЩҪ׿ڸ׿˵ѡ
Ψһֻܹ֪ˣֻةˡ
ֻͲةฮС
ӣ»һҪүݷǰûصةฮͻȻʲôһ㣺ݷʵڲ򵥣Ҹôöʼղ鲻ʵݣ
ݷ᲻ǡŵˣǧĮµԸǻһЩ
ſǽһʮص֯ˣѾ֮ã˵ͽڶ࣬Ǹơ
ֻҪǴųݶԣ
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ڻةฮ
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ֻ˴궳ͨ˫֣Ϊ⼸ķ紵ˮ׵øˣһã˫ֱòҲ̶á
˯ʱ򣬺ףõĵطͻ̷ᷢȴȥץ
ˣˣһǸԸȥ￾𣡡ֻҡҡͷ³һŰɫˮ
ˣˣ߰ɡЩ˾ļһλŮС˵ţܹ̫ӸǰźǶǽһʱ䣬ͱ̫Ӹˡǣ㿴ǸӣŻ˼Ĵֻ־ͶǸӣƽʱĻɲ٣ϵĶҲûôءСӡѾߵһŮ

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ҲϹʱڣҲ͹ȥˡ
ֻһԼòҲ̶õ˫֮󣬱ĬĬĽֳУȥ
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Ů˯ֻ֮㴩͵͵ܵԡͬʱ˴ɨĹߡ
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Ҿÿն˯ǰȥԡȪϰҲˡ
̫ӣ㿴ʱҲˣسҲѾ׼ĲˣҪҪūźƲ̫ڷеǺ˽ȥ˵š
ã⼸ȽټҲЩˬƴ̧ü֮ĸ߹󣺡ȥɣ
ǡƴô˵˶˳ȥ
Ϫ˵β࣬ϵȴһҩʱһϵ˰̡
һˮͿٲҩﶼûã
Ѿкüնմˮˡ
˳ȥûãƴǱ뿪䣬ԡķȥ
ֻҲҵƣԡԣʱů㳯ůϸ󣬲ҿлƯһζ
ֻԼӾߣһ˫ñ˫ַŽȪˮּ֮µֱݡ
ֻɵı۾³һܵ
ûãֻҲȪˮѬͨͨ죬͸һ㡣
Ҫȳ˺һԡȥǸо͸׹һ㣬жȥ֮жʹࡣ
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һΣյӺɫǰ
ͬһѾ׼һ㣬׼޴ɶ㣡
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ƴǽеķƳֻȥһͷа˿ĳɢڼͷͬīʰ㹴ճϸŨˡ·һ̫࣬һ̫١
Ȿһľ˫Ǵ˫ȴĽһõĻƻ
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ֻҲ֪̫Ҫʲôòֱθ˰ɣ
ôÿ𣿡ȻҲǸݵĵطݣ̵ĵط̣ĵط⡣

250 

ֱֻʱƴɫĴѸٵĻһĨĪǳЦ漴ñ
ѹôöҲ
𣿡ƴƿ꣬һ˿Σյζ
ǡֻϽͷص۽ǵ͵͵ĳƴƲȥ
ôˣɨԡƴаȵţ㡭Ǵ˼ɣ
ֻڵأū澲ңϵʱūͻȻԡһطɨˣ͸Ͻɨˡñ̫ӷ֡
ƴǱ˫֣޳ĳȴֻ߹ƽ߽۴ֻҷ
ǽǵĵطȷʵڷɨĹߡ
ó𣿡ƴƿһɫĴǣƵʵ
ص̫ӹʱһСļƬԣʱҲû⣬ˣһʱԼڵݡ
̫ӣūղǹģһʱǳˣš̫ˡҪˡһĽࣿ
ƴǸֵͷֻ˫ſڵϵ֣Ƕ̶̼յĹԭ˫־Ȼ˵ĲҲ̶ã
·ǻһ˫ְ㣡ﻹܿϸ塢Ӱ
ǵյŹ˶̶̵ѣ־ͳ˵⻰ʱƴǵһƬϣ˿׵
Ϊ뿪ԸһʹˣֱҲԸصߣ
Ҫ֪Ŀ࣬ڽ꣬ӦòԸĿŶԡ
ū澵ÿ궼һ뿪ůĵطʹѾߵ˶˵ģֻ²Щ֣ϸ̫Ӷע⵽ˣ
ÿꣿƴһǽű߬߬֡
һ˶˶죬ĵط
ɳ꣬ÿ궼ˣֲֻڵ»ʱŲ
ֻô˵Ǳ˵ֻڽҲġ
ֻŻ˵Ĳ⣬ΪѾϰˣ
ǡ̵ֻ
ڱǰЩֺڻƴǵЩӡ
뿪ĻֺαҪôĿ࣡
Ŀԭܵģ
ūǸʹѾߣܶضټūֱֱŵģʵڲ̫Ӹǰź򣡡֣˽⵽̫òһưˣôͻȻһССĹŮˣ
˼ǣԸֶÿܺ˪֮࣬Ҳ뵽ǰź
ܷϳ㵽̫ӹҪ¸̫ӻسʱ򣬽뿪
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̫Ӹòеɣϵʲôӣ
ֻͭù֮󣬱ĵѡһĽǶͭƴǣ÷űԼúÿͭƴ޳֣ԼüģԵЩƣΡ

251 û

ֻЩ̫ӵ˼ǽͭԼ
ԼʲôԼû𣿡ƴǳʵü֮һĨеİ
ֻһ⻰ϵɫ΢ıһ£ƴŻŨ޵Ŀա
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ôʳ𣿡ƴǳֻ
ֻֻǵͷ˵ȴѾڷˡ
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ǡֻ̫һ仰˵ﻹڷŰۡ
ȫҶˣ
Ҳϣ̫ģԺ쿪ˡҪǱͷߣ浽ĵطЩΪůŮƴƿӣ˽ȥаЦƳһֻ˵
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㲻ҪһǡЩҪ㣡ƴǵ˫ֻͫ˯գһƬʵףҹֻԼһֱƭԼΪ㵱滨ҾûôĹˡ㡭վֻƴɫ˫޳Ṵ
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Ϊʹ޵ľǱѣһ׽˱ѡƴ˵⣬ɫѾûҰ޹һɱ⼸˲С
ΪءϲĻ壬Ϊ˶ûλɱĸʺĸһǲҵɱͽк
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ʱε֪Ϣ֮ȴѾǺü֮ˡ
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УԼԴѹֻĸоĺӰǺͷӦ
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ū澸ˣֻеĿӣڵ϶ƴ˵˵ʱϵ֡ð
Ȼǳֱ̬ܲġ
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255 Ҫ

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ˣʱˣҵûȥˡֻ´⣬վпҸЩóԵĻ
Ѿҹˣ̫ȥ֮ڻûл
ȥͤǱߡһŮֻ߽˵
Ѳ̫ȥͤȥź
ֻͤȴƫƧ˵ǲһӰ̫ôܻ⡣
ֻ뵽⣬㲻ٳͤȥתҪߡ
ȴͻȻһֻǿץסͳͤȥ
˭ſҡɫֻֻܵǰһӰɵе
ٲſңҽˡԷ޶ԣֻѹͲǶԷĶ֡
ȵ˽קͤʱ򣬱ɫ»վһͦΡˡ
ɢۻƣʱֻʶʲô
˵ָš
ֻͳɤĴӱĴ³⼸֡
ʱֻһ²ٶˡ
ȻĽϳˡ
ԣӦûȥ˵ݣԲŽϳġ
ô𣿡Ϲתɫ¹·Ĺâ
үϴˣūǻүҪҵֻֻתϹǿԼ侲𣿡Ϲһ߽˫ʯ˫УƵĿ£㿴ű۾˵һ顣

256 

仰ᣬǻȴ̩ɽǰء
˲ֻйƤһ㣬κε
ֻ̧Ϲš
Ϲȴһץסֻ˵֣ϸϸĿţԸ̫ӹۣܱܿٺãʼնҪӱ𣿡
ǣȪɽ̫˵ĻҶˡֲɵӣΪʲôܣֻӭϹ۾
ʼնΪĺãƭ𣿡Ϲסֻ֣Եúƽ
ǡֻͷڱɽׯʱѾûκˣҾŮˡʲôֻҪһͻȻΪҵĴ
˵ʲôʲôͲԸȥ˼ڿ˵Ҫ¿ʼ㻹ʱʱѰָĽڳʹңѿ
͹ǵǻ𵱳ɳ飬ʹࡢѰʱ⡣Ȼ󡭡ͻڷйҵϡֻ־˵ָġ
˵һûУֻҪٵݣͻϹ˵Щ飬ϸµĩڡ
ԣҶĵģҲȻκιϵϹֻ͸۾ʵ
ǣ㻹ϲңҲʲôϵȥȥһֱڣںһСһֱֻӵ˵šϹĬһ򴽣˫ڳƺҪֻʱӣĿ̽Լ⣺ǣ˵Ķԡǰ¾ǿںһ̣ʲȥҲ²ǵ
ʧˣǰе飬ǲܹ¿ʼ
ϦҸ˵ֻҪ֣һжŹţ··㲻ԸйϵҲǿ㡣
Ϲ˵Ѿɿֻ
ֻסĳţԵЩҲԸţһоȻľô򵥵Ľ
˵ģ
Ҫ֪ĲԸŹ㣬еǰ취Լ֣ϹƿĴɤֻ˵
ǰȫةุвġ
ةʱͿвˡ
ûУ
ȻΪʲôҪң֪𣿡ֻ⣬紵ϣ⵶ļϣһƬ̹ǵı䡣
ΪģһҪ׿ڸ˵Ϲ֣סֻ÷˫ֻֽ֣˸ǰַŵȵĻС
ĲԸںκεĹϵκεĹϸ𣿡
ֻ˫ֱϹסʱҪջأ˼֮ǱϹ˻Уǣ֮Ĺϵ͸һһŵİֽһ̯ƽˣӡҲԶʧ
ϲ𣿡Ϲ˫ڳеӳȫֻӰӡ
ȵϢµϣɫ΢΢һ
ϲĲֻ֪֪ϹʵҲͦԸദġ
Ҫ˵ϲӦҲֶһøаɡ
ֻ֪һʱܿġڵʱҲûʱʱ̵ܻ֮̿᲻ᵽ
ûУûϲ㡣
ʵϹĿֻǲϲĶһоûС
ϲϲһٶ뿪㣬Ѿ֤ҾϲϲŮ˶ǺܸԵģôãҪϲ㣬Ҳ뿪ġֻֻһ仰͡
ҲϹأȥЩ¶أϹһЩ
ҪϲĻӦò뿪
һһֱƭȥ
ֻŬһ£ҪǵɽµˣϹĻ
᲻ϲ
ܻᣬܲᣡԼҲ֪
ʵ֮ûһʲôϹĵĸͰռ
ǺãǽǺõĻԶԶģ
Ϲش𣬲ɵṴһ´ЦǴȴǿɬζǰةฮԺǻɡҪ̫ߣ뿪ȥ
Ҫ̫ߡݲҡԺҲ֪
ϹףֻǶĴ䱸
̫ΪʲôὫߣԼﲻ𣿡
ûԲ飬Ҳᡭֻ˵һͷԼ˵˻ѾǱʶΪϹŮˡ
Ϲ仰˫ʯͫѸٵһĨ貵ĹǸǹճһĨаЦﻰ
ֻ̾ҪϹĻѳԼ˫֣żֻǻûзӦѾԼѣϹȴֻ˸ǰڣڱɽׯʱΪ˼ĺ⣬㡣ңڻҩֽµĴ⣬㻹ңΪ˲ȡҵ
ͬ飬Լд֡ʵ϶ǣڻҩֽ뵽ġȷʵϹ֡
СԼȥҷģȥģϹĲϲ㣡Ϲ˵ôֻ࣬Ȼʲô˼㵱ʱҸ˵ҩңȻҵ·ȥ㷿ģ𣿱Ͼô
򵥡ô㡣ǰҵĴһֱŬĳҲ֪ô˹ȥ˺Ҳȥϲ㣬ҲǲĥңԡҪôңҪôɱңϹ
飬óĻزȥˡ
ȥһһ㶤Ϲͷº󽫶õӡȴڵģԶġ
ǾͬϹ˵ģǹȥˡ
ϹڳͫУ΢΢ʹ
ڳϦǰôôĺù˵ˣ˵Ҫһӡ
ͷһŵǵ֣дϹġ
ڱԺǶӣľһͨķһ㣬ôܰƽ
գ۵Ĺȴȫˡ
ԭܰҸֻһĶѡ
δҪ룬ʼնĺúͰġ
ȷϲɣ
Ϲɿֻ֣óһɫСƿƿӦÿҪˡ
ֻЩȵĿϹϹŹˡ
ֻȥƿҺ
߰ɡϹƿ˵ţдıһдһʼһ
ûдפľӪĻͲһˡ
뿪֮ͳ׵ˡֻеİ״ƿ߬͸оһо͸һô죬뵽Ϲץĺһǳ߳ŭ

257 ֻƵŮ

ȴû뵽ȻķԼ
ллֻС˵仰ת뿪ˡ
ϹĿһֱ׷ֻȥıӰϣֱӰȫʧҹɫ֮ջԼ⡣
ӣǧ߹ƴ˵
ȥɣʱˡƴǳãƿǣ³仰
ԭϲǲϲ֮ǰչΪֲĿǷ
ԭʼնֻһ˶˶ѡ
ԭʵôĿЦַ̣
ֻһֱŶѣһֱΪֻǺݱ֡
ʵģҪϲ㵣Լݱ¶ҲӦӡ
ӦѰһн취߲ϵ̬̽ȣǱ֪ԼݣҲ뿪
ڶһȦûֻأͽֻһܽ
㲻úõڶţȥ˰¿һֻǳѾͷôͲ԰ĻûУȲ׼ûУûУ
ūȥֻԴۼҰ̫ܹźĸѲͷҪȥһʹѾ鷳㶯Ӻòãʳָ˴ֻԴ
Ǻɸ֡
ǣū澻ź̫ӵġڷˡֻӦ
ϹڷŹˣʼͷƬҲʹɢȥѹĿڵǿʯͷҲûˣ˱ޱȵɡ
ڿԲڵ⣬ǵˡ
ʣµֻҪ̺̫ӣ̫ӵĶ뿪֮Ϳ׷ѰɣԼҲúϹͻȻǰ
Ȼһ룬ֻɫϱһĨɫ
ʵϹûʲôãԸܺãԴԼϲҲᡢ顣
Ǿڴʱ͵ص
ֻܹ꣬ôͻܲһˡ
ĴһϹһֻ
ۿʱԽԽȴ˿ûһ滨Ϣ
żĪڻϺˡ
ȻлһϹ
յʣһϮɫƽ۵ƴ÷԰÷
ԪѾȥüˣҲڽתůȴû뵽÷԰е÷Ȼɿʮֵĺá
̫ӣүˡǰ÷̫
÷ƴǣһ˫˫ͫ˲ͷһĨ⡣
ɡ
Ϲī磬һɫƻҷڵأſϴӰӰ÷֦ͷҴԹԽĵ˫ĵҲԽΪġ
̫ӡ
̫תϢĵ÷ζƮŨ޵ΪһǳЦݶ÷Ϊаȣүôпսһֱںаæž𣿡̫ӣۡʱǷлСĻԽձŻСĻȥйȴ˵̫÷԰÷˳ˡϹ΢˸
ǫѷȻ޵ĳüȴôһ⡣
׻Ǽ٣Ҫ档
ҪСĻʲôƴǿϹеĻ񿪿ʵ
ǹҪһûСݰɡϹṴ´ζĵ
ɫ£ƴǵŵһƬһĨԥ
˵ֻԺӳֵı滨ʵ޻
١εòԺеЩģˡ
˫γӨȴ
ʱһֱֳĽŮˣӦһӣܹݺݵĹסġ
ȴû뵽ɽȪˮǰ㴿
̫һֻΣϹ̫ӵĻϣ㲻ɵ˵
һټ޵Ůˣʲôɿģƴȴ𴽽ǣ˵һ䡣һƬûκεĲȱľŮ
ȥľ͹ȥˣڿֻҲǲȥǰ顣
̫˵ǡϹǰѹаʼնûһϢ̫׼δأ
үʮİаеĻһ߾ȫ֧ү㡣ҪñްյĻ̫תٴ÷
һ취ֻаУҲǸǵƶϣȴûʮ֤ݡ
ܹаȻǲܵġ
ʲô취
Ҹ˼ðֻȵ̫Ӽʱ򣬱㽫Ǹٵֻ߳ϯᡣϹСĵĿһܣֻ˲ƴ˵
аղа𣿡ƴǽʵ̫ӣѾһκòֻƵŮӣһֱѧϰֻоֹѾа֮áǲϸĻԴﵽԼĵزϹ˵ⲻаĹ
һĨЦ
ɺҪֻŮ˽ѰһòֻƵŮӡ
ȴҵˣʱɺѾϹˣŮһֱڽꡣ
ٺ뵽һè̫ӵķ
ʵ֪ҪһƭϹ۾ɹ׼һƻ
ǾٵֻȥϹֻ
ȵϹǾʬ岻ֻģͿ϶ȥѰֻ
϶ǵһĿꡣϹ˶һһʱٵֻ֣ôһо˳ˡ
û뵽ֻȻûˣƻٴα
ܴﵽԼĵزƴ仰һתĿϹ
̫ӣֻ֮ǰ˱Ը񡢰ÿָơоֹѵ˰֮áұ֤ϣаǾԷֱ治ġϹʮŵ˵š
ʱаͻỳɣԼҵ滨ֻֻǺ滨ˡ
Ȥĺܡƴɵĵ˵ͷǺ뿴ֻƵŮӡ
̫ӣڻʱ򡣡ϹȴЦŶƴ˵˫а˫һƬаȺͽ
ƴҲṴһĨߵЦݡҪϹҵŮ˾ֻж
֣Ū÷ѵǳǰ̫ƴǵ漣𣿡ʱȴһߴһʵ
Ȼˣôǰƴ̫ӵ漣أǱġġǲǺ񣿡Ϲϱ˵űߴӼɽ˳ϵǸϣԵüΪϲ
ʮȴʱһ۱㿴÷е̫ӺϹˡ
۵ɫѸһ䣬ѸٵһϹϵ½ǡ
ϹϴӻƿʱϵЦձ˲䲻ˡæĽϵĻ̫ӺϹǰ񡣡̫ӣ֣Ҳ÷԰÷

258 һ

Դǰֶ߱λ֮йǰһжջˣκ˽߶ɱ⡣
Ȼƴ̫ǰĻҲȫջ٣˵ƷƷġ֮С
ƫƫȴʱ̫ӡܣ̫ǰݷȴųǰ̫ӵġ˼ɵڹߣͲ¸ʹ𣿡ԴӸʽ½ϹϹ֮ϹϵƱгԽ֮
ȻڹзŹˡ
ǣֽѵǡھͽŪ÷ջ١Ϲ̴
ƴǵȴϹǸϣ䣬ĥүϲƴ̫ӵŪ÷Ϲʮȴһϲ÷͢Ļʦô෱ʧȥ÷ӦеİǡŪ÷ȴڹͳŴŪ÷ǰ
÷԰ϸϸƷһ
̫ӣ֮ǰҲ֪ƴ̫ӵĻ֪Ǳġƴ̫Ū÷Ϲ֮ǳϿңΪȻ֪ҪôܿҪ
˵ġŪ÷ƴ̫ӵ漣񣬱ҪŪ÷жˡĻ󲿷ֶѾջˣܹȥĸ֮١
ܹġˣضǿ漣ˣ
ӺʮӼ̫ӾȻҪͣСĵĽ򿪡
ֻϳֳһոĺɫ÷ɫѤöֲ÷ĻǶϸĹ˶ͷ·һ÷ǰһ㡣
ϹҲſһۣûб飬ȴҲŪ÷ġú
ƴ̫ӵĻľһдʵ⾳ˡǻһʯͷˣҲǿʯͷ
Ӻζƴ貵۲ڻתãſʵ
Ǵ׷һеϹЩŪ̫ӵ˼ʵĻصǸ˵Ǵݴ԰͵ġ
ݴ԰ĵطνǴƶͥй毺õŮȻϰǸ衢黭ɺ븻˻߹Ա檡
԰ǾƷеľƷȺ飬ʫʸ踳ܹʹ
ÿ괺԰ֻһοͣÿ԰ӭ͵һգԱǻӵܶǰȥ
Ϲ԰֣㲻źۼУű㽫ĿεŪ÷Ļϡ
԰ƴо׽̫֡ӿ֪ܲΪʢĵطǾϸѡģҲʦ̵СǶĿȾһġƴ̫ӵŪ÷Ҳʲ
ô¡Ϲ͵
Ŷ˵԰ΪϸƴǳϹȥӹһĨ⣺ү˵˽ⴺ԰Ҳ˲ɣϹ΢΢һЦҲûʲôñܻģΪС檶ģ԰ȷϸĸвûд԰һ԰ÿֻ
ӭһΣҲϲЩŮӡЩҲǱ͸ġ
̫ȤĻ³Ǵ԰ӭ͵ӣʱ̫ͬһǰȥϹ˵
ƴһЦˣ֮ҲֻȽжѡǶܹġƴ̫ӻ˸Ȥ
̫ӣֻ˵ǴӴ԰͵ģ˭ľδ֪ˡϹϽ˵̫ʵڶġ˸Ȥȥ顣Ϲ֪̫ӲĶġƴ̫ӻ˸Ȥ̫ʮֵļƴ̫ӣҪҳǸġ֮ˣ
ɱ
˭ġ֮أ
ƴȴṴ𴽱һĨЦζӼȻôϲ÷˳εѩɽӽ÷㻻Ū÷Σ
Ϲʮֵ𾪣ƴ̫ȻҲʮֵ㣬˳ȴר÷һѩɽӽ÷Ǿ֮
Ū÷ġ֮ƴ̫ӵ漣ܹ˳εѩɽӽ÷Ტۡ
ϹϸæСĵ˵̫ӣʵ̧̫ˣܹܵ˳εѩɽӽ÷̫ҪŪ÷ȥ
ű˫ֽŪ÷ϡ
ϹҲЩ̫ӵ˼ˣѲ̫Ҫȥġ֮ˣ̫ô
鷿У֧ոռ÷ӰбĲڵ÷ͼİɫϸƿУɢĵζ
ϸĿϵŪ÷һűţҲǸˣҲֲĸƷĸƷ
ȷʵúܺÿܴ
ӣġĻ˵ġ֮˵Ļʮֵ˵áһ㱡ֽӳҲδܹºʵϵ˵š
˫̥ô˴Ĳ죿ƴ޳ָŲ豭·ϸϸš
ӣҸСߣֻܶĿȾһЩҡСר䡣Щ˼˵
ǧ鷨ֻһЩȴȫûȤ
ϾġģҪӻĿ϶Ӵ񡣡ƨ
ǱġƴƵĴ
⡭ӵ漣Щȵ˵ʮĻ鷨ȫջ𣿼ٲҲ϶ᱻϸصģôڴ԰
Ϊ˶֪ƴǵĻģԼϳƴĻҲԲƴǵ漣
ϾŪ÷ϲûƴ̫ӵĸӡ궬ĸҪȥ÷һʱ㻭Ū÷ŵ֪ĸѾΪѡΪ̫ѡұѡһҲѱѡһҲŪ÷Ϊ
͸ƴǻ߳˵š
ȥˣʱȻǵʮֵǸʱѾ˳ɼҵ䣬ǲȥˣҪѡһΪ̫
֪Լ壬̫ӭȢȥػѡ
Ϊ˽˺ͣѡһ֮ŮȽλѡ˵ûǰ浾ׯ͸¶һɽ֮ŮҰԺѣһ书
ڳ׺Ὣе˼ϣȻÿֻܶؿչ֮ࡣ
⣬ʶʲôѵ̫ӵδ޻ûת䵽԰ط
Աȥ飡ֻ֪һйص˶ɱ˸ɾûлţҲ֪
ϣ˳Ͼֻһ棬ȴΪ˵ĻԼ޹ǣⳡɱ¾С
ȫұţ
ǡɫ˵
¸տţһɫǲÿ˽֣ү𣿻᲻Ūˣһ߽̫ʦϵƴ˵

259 

ű㽫еĻ̯һΡѩٰٵŮӣЦٻĳƴǵǰ
ƴܵʲô޴ĳһ㣬ɫͫɾҵһ¡
ֻóһ϶ֻ˵ű㽫еĻƴǵ϶ȥ
մ򿪻ʱ򣬹˫Ե÷Ĵۡ
⻭еŮˣ޶סһİ־µĲҲزסΪĹҡ
ƴŽߵĻ񣬴ϥϵֽ߬΢΢š
һֻʱĻһ´뵽ԺСĺʼó
ֻֻ߰˷ֵ϶ѡ
վǰеĹⶼһһ㣬Ųۡ
Ů͵ŮΨֻֻ崿ȴִӹɢ欵һһ۸˵ĸоǳγĸоԽǿԽǷϻһģĺܵһһĴɢһƣŨң䵭֮ȴ̲
֮лζ೤
ǵһһةฮʱ˼ɵĶ۾
֪ΪܲҲǴһӵζҲҪķʽ
ףѾǰǸֻһˣһĽʧڣǸԱ̤Ůˡ
ƺЩûһŭЩĪ¶һ֣ûŮ顣
ֱǰϹ˵Ǹֻ
ԽԽڵֻϹ˵Ǹֻȫ
ɲϲ֮⣬ȫһ
͸续һˡ
ǰֻڵֻǸսľӣв֪ս˶ٻغϡǰֻʤǰֻȴʼڵֻ
ûڵֻֻ
ĸоáְֺޡΪǡ
ڵֻαװһ֧ӣǱ׾ٵĽǰֻˣͶ
ֻòǰֻ
еֻʱ֪ǸѾսܵǰֻֿʼиˡ
ʵףֻò޹أֻȻݹҹһ
ԡվǽֻܲĹȥġ
ƴûȥеǸˣƬ̵Ĺɫָ糣үĻôֻܲأûпֻãǵĻҲǸҹ㣬ǺֻһȣǾ֮𡣡ûпˣҲûȥֻ̧
ʵʵ˵
һʯ뾫ϸ֮ĶԱȡ
ǲͬһĸ֪ةҷҲǸСұòڣȻֻɫŮƴǺǵȻ˵ţһۡ
̱⣬ϵĻµݻС
ϵȴǼΪļޣԭΪֻǸѣû뵽Ȼһݡ
һžҲѹϹˡ
֣Ҳ𣿡úֻģȴ崿ģȻ˿մߡȻ޷³һʡ
ƴȴǲûΡ
ʶֻĻǲҲᱻֻ޵֪Ǽ˸Ůˣܹ֮ΪŮ֮١
ֻ˵ĵһָоһֱµľޣǺܶ˴ǧƪһɣһһκ͵ظصĵط
ΣֻһƤҶѡ˴Ӳ󣬶ԱûмֵûһܹĴͷԡƴģϪĿ˵
˵ϪҰĺСʱѾ¶ˣ˭˭мֵһһ£ֺá
Ů˷棬õ¡
˭а۶ԷΣԸΣúõĳš
̫ӸЩС檣Ҳס
ƴһ뵽ȥ֮ҪϪӭȢЩŮˣһͷۡ
ЩŮˣҪôõļͱҪôһͷԻ߻ĳһļܡ
ֻһЩֻᵯʫĻƿ
ҵȻ֪㲻ӭȢһԼûõŮˡҾ֪᲻ϲ⻭ϵֻҪһ𰸡
˵ֻֻҪһűһķݡ
ֻѾϹ˻Լ׵ܹةฮһֱŵ⡣
ڸ֮ǰʶĻɡ
֮ģ˽֮ƴζĻһ䡣
֮ԽݺݵĿĻֱӽ˵ϣĲšֻһ߽㿴ڿȵĻ֮ǰֲɵһ£űɫݡƽߵ̫Ӹǰ̫ӣū̫
Ҫԡ
ƴ̧һǰֻڳɫʼû취³еɫ
ţҪԼһ˰ͲҪô๬Ůź򱾹ˡҪٲȥԡĻǾ̫ɻˡ
ǡֻ̫ӻԼһȥź̫ӵĻشɵһ
ʱƳ۵ϵĻ⻭˺Ƕ˼òǽQθ˳
ھ͵̫ûп
Ȼֻ˫׺ݵĿȻȻϣֱҪ뿪ʱȴͻȻס
ֻعһĴ磬Ǵ˭ģΪԼֵܹͷʹΪܹ֦ͷ𣿡ŮйŮֻմȴͨĹŮɫ·Ƚޡ
ϲķΡ
Ҫϵģ˵̫ϲɫʱӲͿ֬ˮۡ
˿ɫŮ˵ױݲУǵŮ϶һɫ붼ܸ
ϻͿ֬ˮۡʼնֻ˽ԴϹ飬ϡ
һι⳯ϹȥʱϹȴȻĶ㿪ˡ
ֻ˫ȥϹϹȴûжܵ飬һֱڻ
Ȼֻ˵ƴǵûз֣ϸϸĳֻϿȥļҪ֮ǰϸۣ˺ܶࡣٿȥҲһЩ

260 ó

ū֪ݱĴ˼ֻ˵ū澷̫ӸǰҪŴһЩð̫ӵֻۡҲʵʵ˵
ߣǸ㴩ϷۣҲֻǸС󡣱ͼļţֻϵױ֮ȴһͣ˻̧ͷ
ֻҲ֪λԵĹҪʲô㰴˵̧
ոͿĨҺŲʲô
ĵĻϴôҪϳ·аɣ
ϸĿֻüֿһۻ˵ü
Щơ
ü˭ģ
ūԼġҪˣΪʲôһϵϺͻл
óױϸϸĿֻϵױݣȻȽ嵭ȴΪĸͣǸ˲١
ֻ۲סתţܿ˼ƿ˫صعĻūСʱѧָŹѧһЩױļɣЩ
ĵѸٵһĨζ⣬תͶƴǵ֣˽һ¡
˵Ը˽ϵĻʰֻ޵ȥˡ
ӣѲҪױȥ𣿡Щֵʵ
ƴǵȴһ±еױ֣ȱֻһױŮ
ǡҪֻֻһױݣ
ֻױ̨Ƕ֬ˮۣǻüëüʾֻ͸ںɫжˡ
ū澿ԻͻһױݡױݾԼģܲ
ҪĺͻƵĻǾЩˡ
Ͼͺٶһױֻһ㾦֮ʣꡣ
ͬķͣһ˵ͷϾͻвͬЧֳؼǿĵΣ
ǻĲ񣬱ڴһӡʹһɫһյĹŮߵֻĸǰ
⹬Ů͵ǺЩƣپ͡
ŮǸƤ
ֻһ£⡣
ױֻʱɵʱɫȫ
ԼҲĲС
㿴أϸϸŮݣֿһ»еŮӣԼôһơ
ǰƤ˫ƤһЩ˵
ִ˻˫ƤͼֽȻý˹ŮƤϣֻҪŮգۣҲʲô
һֱԱ߿ţȻʮֵľȡ
û뵽ֲÿȴɵĺܡɵ˵
лл佱ֻṴһ´
ڻͻһ޷·͸ˣһĵ˵š
ǰʱ͸ˣĴŴֻƣаǲǾͻϲˣ
аܶǸֻƵСôãа֮󣬿϶á
ǡһѵҪģ±˵ĴŴаϲ
ĽԼֻӣ»ٵĳЦɣ
ȥ뵽Щŭ˵š
ū澻ữױݣ֤ϲֻ˼ҪģױݣǸ߸ϵĹô𽵹أ
Ŷ˵
ϹӭȢΪ棬βƲһء
ԸԳҲܹϹһ㡣
ĵǸҲϲֻС˵š
˵ʲôһȴ˽ȥ⻭е˴´綼š¡òҲˡū澴󵨲²аӦñȽϲ崿Ůӡǽױݺʹ·ⷽ濿£ĻĻֻû˵
ȥ
ȴѾˣҪģֻĴ´磬ֻҪ崿ⷽС
Ŀԣɵֻϣ̽Σա
ֻ̧һصū澿ԡ
ĵӿҪǸŮúܶˣֻΪ䣬ټԸԭȥȽҰԸܹһ£Ļģûġ
ʱЦ߽ɫˣ̫Ѿȥԡԡ̫ӻ󿴵Ǳıѣ϶ġ㿴ūſɷ񽫻ȥˣ
һü߹޵Ŀǰֻ޵ñĻͻС
Ǻв
ֻʵͦϹʲôȻΪôĸı䡣
һֱҲ˵ϹżÿҲû˽͹ʲô
ѲϲϹֲһζ˳Ը
صֻ֮㿪ʼй˼ˡ
Ҫıһ˵ʣ·ױݶʮҪġ
Ȼ߸ϵĹǲЩ¡ŵ··Ҫ
ױݺͷε򵥡
ֻĴϣţ㲻ɵĿʼ˯̫ӻûл
Ҫ˯ȥ̫ӻٴζŭ
ֻֻǿţǹʲô¶ɣͿ⻹һһϮ
ֻ˴ֽź̿ʣʼй˼ķκͻ
ΪװӾ翴ԭһ㻭߰˸
ʱ̫Ҳˣֻֽ̽źͻ·һʹӴˡ
ƴǿǰ˳ֻϴһ°ɫ֥Ƶ£ī磬Խĵ硣
ֻǰҪƴǸµʱƴǵбѸٵֻò
㲻ɵĳһͳɤˣȥɡ
ǡֻҪȥ
ȴٴƴǵʲô
ֻһƴָмһķװݸ壬æصūĴʱ仭ġ
Ϊʲôֻ·ƴЩɻʵ
Ȼúɫ̿ʻģȴԿ·ĿʽǱȽ¡¡
ū澡һ㶼Ȼ·ڻġֻֻش
û㻭ɣƴ߳Ļῴ·Ĳ־ռ˺ܴĵطĵطȴʮֵӵ
ڼϻһ㶼ȹճߣ䣬档
Ϊū澲̫óԾȻ·ֻֻٴαϹƴǵٴֻɨһۣ漴㷢ֻҪұڹһЩó

261 ֺÿ

ֻֻýڵķװƲݸȫ˳Ҫ»һ¡˵ױݡū澻㻭Щױ·
ƴһŷţȻÿֽϵķװʽһǷһģǶ崿ϵеġ
ٴ뵽ǸԼֻǰĴ·ƴͫԽĺڳ
ȻҪģֻĴ·ҪֻĵĽ崿ķ
һ룬ƴǱߵ¯ǰеķװݸȫ˽ȥ
̫ӡֻȳǰǸһվסˡ
ٻɫӳƴŻŨ޵ϣԽտϱʥַ
ڸҰŹģ±˵Ĵ´񣬱ͷ˫֡ƴޱȡ
ĲϲΪʲôҪȥպأ
Ҫǣֻƺ֪ϲ͵Ůӡ
ǹֻС˵
ƴ˲һ㳯ֻȥֻ̱ǣū֪ˡ
ǱߵŮ㵹ǻ˼ȥ幫ġƴƿĴʵ
̫ӲģūֻǱȽóЩѣԡֻǴ˼ģȷʵóź˰
óʲôóóױóĦ˵˼
ֻһ̻ҵĻص̫ӣױūֻȽΪóһЩڴĦ˵˼ūĲᰡ
᣿ʲôѵ㿴ھڰŹԷϲãŻһɫ·ƴǴδֻȻ²ϲá̫ӣūûСū澿ǸϵǸ˴ˡū澱룬аӦϲ͵ŮӣŻôͬһ·ūаزʶôܹ
Ħ˼ءֻܾ̫ӵΪЩˡ
ƺ
ƴǱ۾һȥɣҪñ֪˼
ǡֻԽľ̫Щˡ
ҲӦӦð﹫Щ·ΪصȴΪʲôҪһɫ·ԼĦ˼ˡ
ǳ̫뿪ʱˣаҵ飬ȻûκεϢ
ͺǴ˼һ
аǱһҲʮֵ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ھӪ߱λŹսƻÿλصаҲˡ
Ҳû֮ǰаһˣתһ춼ûгйš
ϱڹ¥Ϊ̫Ӻн硣ʱٹٶμӡ
һҲؼһ
ܶԷϹҲãƴ̫Ҳá
ݲ
ҹʲôʱ򵽣ϹΧ¯ǰǷа
үѾˡҹ̻
Ϲһ㽫ݱɫĲ豭սˡ
һ룬һŮӱ˴Լ˽ɫɴȹˮ˿ϵһŵĺᣬīɫ㷢бһ֧ޱ
߶Ĳ׺ڶǰձײһ𣬷졣
ϸүŮӵӣС³£ԣĻ³ᶣѩ
񣬼ֱ̫ˣϹڰǰӴ԰нĻĻΪվǰ˾ֻ
̵ֽĺܺáĻᴩô·ϹǰġֻĲЩĶˡ
ָоͺֻں˵һ㡣
ʼӴ԰һϸʱ̬ӯ֫Ϊϸ·һܽ֫һ㡣
ϸסһݺΪСͽѵԭԸˮһ
ֻǲô˳ġ
סӽԺֻةฮǧС㡣𣿡ϹṴϸϸ°ͣͳɤ˵š
ϸסϸ⣬ӯ⿴Ϲ
ֻĸо̫ӵԸ̫粻ˣȵģ֮ǰһֱźߣ粽֡
ںûһ
һ춼ȥź̫ӣûйϵ̫ӲʡҲһ쵽Ķ
Ҫź̫ˡ
ϱ̫ӷô·֮˲Լͳһ͸ˡ
̫ѹ
ⲻʣӺʮͻȻǰһʦ̴á
жãжãΣεȵȡ
ԱԱߵĻ¯ֱǷüˣ̫ȴûʲôӦ
ƵĺŲ裬߹ĵЦݡ
˵̫Ӻϲãôһڵõʦ̫Ӳһӱȭ
ƴһڲ裬۽ǵȻɨһĬĬǷֻ
⼸һֱֻʲô¶Ҫǻˣ϶ᵽǰϴֻǰȡֵĻᣬٻ߾Ծûصԭĵط
ãûһϹ¹ڡ
ҲáƴջԼ⣬ڵ
õʱתʱʱǼ̶ġ
ⵯǳΪһѩø档
˯ֻҲľôԭҲǸѧϰ黭ˣҲһЩɡ
۾һֱʦֿʮֵ档
ƴ޳ִľϣǽڷָһûһµţ⣬ÿһûĵϡ
ֻܿ߱תƵƴûŽϡ
뵽ȥ꣬ϹҪμɨüѡʱʱϹԣϹ˫ǽڷһûһµû档
ϹϰԶƴûĻȻϹһģһ
ֻ˲ͱԼ뷨ŵˡ
ôأֱ̫ˡ
ֻЩƶѡ
̫ӵҲһ˰̡
Կһ£ղԺбĳ뷨
ȻϹҺϹôĿʲôأ
ð̫ӣҪʲôҳ̫ô׼ðģԿǺܸߵġ
ֻľԼԶЩˡӦı۵ĵӾС˵ˡ
һ֮ƴȹƣʹʦ
ߺƴǱϸϸĸŻеã૵Ľ
ֻ̫ӽԼ֣㶣漴̫ӵĸǰūڡ
ղĺͦģ˯ˡƴ仰ǵ٩аȵ
ֻɵĽøˣū澾ʮֵĺֺÿ𣿡ƴ޳ӨָᲦŪһң

262 

ֻɫһ壬ʹŲüۣ֪Ҫλش
Ҳ̫ʲôʱ⵽ġ
֪֪ūŶӵ֣ڹʲôƴɵʹͷĵĲңеעϰ㡣
ֻ£ҡҡͷ
Եۡ
ֻײɵһ¡
˫ۣӦòӰ㻺ⱾͷʹɣƴƿɫˮĴĵĵ
̵ֻū澲ⶢ̫ӵֿģǾָ̫ûĽ࣬ѩūΪ֤ԼĲ²⣬ԲŻᶢ̫ӵֿġ
ƴ˵ǾúȤֻ˵Сѧ黭Ƕֻͨðݡ
ܷ˵ټǲġ
ô˵㻹ˣƴڣʵ
ֻϣѾ˵ˣҲˡ
ǣū澶ֻֻ˵ửᵯáŶյĹŮɲడλʺ裬ǺúһµĻУ㳤òÿƴǻ˵һ룬ͻȻһתɰֱӽֻ
̡
ǣǣòÿ㳤úÿȫҶúÿ˰ɣ
ֻʵеϾǴС˿䵽ġ֮ǰݳ滨ʱܲÿҲϹ۹ò
̫ӵãϳһŨޡͶĶͷ㡣ҲӲ˵ɳ󣡡ɣȥú׼ϱҪű㵯á㵯ʲôǲñġĻ͡ƴǵֻɨһۣű
ͷ
̫һ̬ҪҲ̫˰ɣ
ղλרҵʦĶû⣬רҵѡ֣͸˵ˡĲãԼһһܹ̫Ӿö仳е
ֱ̫Ϊˡ
ʵԭɺ黭軹ǱȽϺõģֻһֱñΪò֮⣬涼ӹȫة˼
ΪֻʱѾǾǵĵһŮˣѾϹ˻ԼȴвĽةһֱâ²̫ˡ
ǱϾղרҵ£ѧϰüʮˣҪǵĻδܳ
̫ӺȻһõˣܹ׾ܺŪ˵ġ
ҪôһױѩҪʢҪôֻܱĲãˡ
޲̫ӵĶ䣬ҲҪ̫ӵ۹⡣
ִʱҲûѧϰʲôִ軹ǿԣǾ̫Ϊˡ
һ󵨵뷨ֻеˡ
֪ûдʦŮģᵯáֻҵ
ֻֻҪʦֽ̣˱ֱӴֻȥˡ
ЩеʦҲǾϸѡģòټֻܲһۿһŮʦò˵жྪޣȴܸǷֻ롣
ֻֻǺŮʦȷһҪ֮󣬱ٴҵ
ͻȻҪôǲֻ˼üͷšѽ̫ӵĻҲҲˡū澲̫Ӹ˵Ļū澾ûͷˡܹ̫Ӹˣū׼ôĶʱ̫Ҳ϶νġ
˵
бۿֻֻ˵мֵ
ʵصĵȻǾ̫ӼȻܹһٶ̣Ǳ˵̫ӵ⡣
˱һһӦֻҪ
Һʱ仹ʱʱ䣬Ҳܹȡһʱ䡣
ֻŬĻڵϿۣȻ滭ǰһѣʱȡ
ֻҲûҪжྫ£ǳߴͿʽͼϻһģһ
ӡУһŮ˴ۣڸ߽ŵϣ¶޳ĳȣڴһ˫߸Ь
һͷ˳˫磬ͷĳڻһ˫Ҷü촽ӱζ͸оˡ
ʱڲ֪йȥҹĻҲ٣ƴԾһԽԼ鷿֡⼸ŬƴܹϪּģа˾ŷˡ
ۿѾŵʱ䣬ȴҲߴ١
׶ֻûϰǰӵʱ䡣
Ҳװʲô֪鷿пŴӳţҲཫʹˡ
ֻһ뵽ȥ֮ҪϪŮԼϪĺӣͷʹ
ֻǲܸصģƵȵ˰·ͻҽ뿪ˡ
̫ӣѾ׼ˡʱڴ
ƴҲǳһ̷еǺĶѾЩˡ
Ҳֻ֪Ὣ̸ʲôӣԸҪɣ
׼ˣƴһ߳ѯ
ǣѾ׼ˡⲼһأ̫Ӳû𱸵˼㲻ЦԽˡ
ȵ֮󣬱㷢ŴţҲǷ˲ٵĻ衣
һŽ˿ľԲľӰڷԲ¹εƾǰ߸վһλװĹŮ
ڵĹҲԵúܻ谵ǹӪһ㡣
̫ӣԿʼ𣿡һȲݵƴԡ
ƴǿ˿Χֲǵƹ⣬޹ǾԵġһҡĸо
šƴͷ
ԵĹŮ㽫صƿ¶һʣİɫᣡ
һλŷһƴǴûмķΣڸߵϣȹӵĲбһ档ֵ¶һ˫޳ĳȡ
̱ðظо
õŮǲŵģһĳ׺ǰ˿ͯñǿԿĴĵһޣĿ
ƴǸ׼ŲĶ˲һͣȻϲֻȴ־µ·һζһë׾ӵ
δʼȴѾеע˹ȥ
ƴǵɫ¶һĨ˵Ц⣬صƣʱƾȫϨˣֻһյŮͷϵһյơ
ŮԽԵĪ⣬ȴĻ
ܿ켤ֵŮӵһʼ˵Ů续Ļôڱһᶯ
۾Ͷ˫ش̼£ٲȻѾ˲֪ӪС
Ůӵÿһ鶼ôǡôԽ˳У԰Ρ
ƴǵһβһ϶ֵĸо
δֻþȻôãټϻͷεĿӪ죬ġ
õൽ߳ʱƴѾڲ֪дϯλվŵĲ豭Ҳһ˫Ǿ޺ͳԡԲ¹ŵƾͺƾʲôħһ㣬ϵ߽ȥ

263 ˮ

Ҫҿǲصɴϸϸʱֹŵ䣬֮
ɫɴᣱƴƿõеˣͬʱƴҲ֣Ǵֻϵ÷ģǴ洫ġ
ֻôܻᵯôãԭǱġ
ܹô˼ϵҲǲ
ʮãһζĴ磬ȴǼӷֲ٣
ƴǾվڰɫɴ£ûп̫Ʋƻô⾳һ㡣
ͬҲǲֻš
ֻһֱʹͷͷļƳסգټϵƹԭƴǲûп
ֻǾȫһŮõΡ߶ֳˡȴֲ뵽ḡʡ
ƴǾĬĬעţڵͫѾڲ֪顢
ʱѹûȥֻĹȥֻһ뷨ǾֻҪӵھͺã
ȵһҪʱƴǱ鲻ԽǰһѱֻϸϣĴУ·ƴȫÿϸȼһ㡣
ĺܲƴɤյֻĸǰǻ˵һ룬ĨȾϳ֮˲һ䣺˭
ūʦȻλŮʦҲƴǵľٶŵˣ̱еվ
ƴǿĿԷΣȻ޳ȴٲȻûֻӯҲûֻǰϸ
أƴ;úһˮͷһ㣬ʧȥе¡
̫ӣū⡣ֻ̱ô˳
ƴһüͷõ㣿
ǣū澡ū澵ĵòã̫ӿģԱСΨʦæһ̫ıݡֻͷش𣬹Ļش
ǰ̫ӣ·ǻƵģ˼ϳġĳҲǻõġ˵
ֻҪǸ˶ó̫ӶһĻʮֵ⣬Ѿ鶯ĵز
˻ں͵ʮ
⻰˵ûֻøȷʵǵˣΪ˴ﵽõЧһʦŶ־µķΡ
ֻûκ£ȴһŭ
Լ·ġ
·һ˵ûκεֿģǴһ磬ŮϣЧǼӱġ
һʦϣװڵ࣬еߺͽ㶼תʦϡ
ΪʲôԼ·ƴɤʵ˫ֻȴҪһ㡣
ū澡ֻ̫ū澵áʦū˵ġֻش˵ǺܺõĽƴǸȥˡ
ƴ˲ɵһһ¸ˣֻش޷
Ǳһ⣡ƴֱ˦ñģƵ·㵯޹ء
⡭ֱˣå
ֻһʱ䲻֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ٸһλᡣúñɣȻƴǻа˵ţŴĻȶаȵĻȡ
˵ߵԲǰʼ˹
ߵֻǰ㻹Ͻȥ·ϡ
ֻȴվԭأûж
̫ӸղŵǷԣͬʱͼҲԡ
һٶΪܹͷʹԭ򣬶Ϳˡ
ֻһֱû˵ѣһֱǰȦӡ
ʦˮ׼̫ҲȻ⡣
Ҫľܹۣ̫Ҳġ
첲šȵġ̫վϹϹֿܹһֱӷŭ뿪
ǳ̫ӣһֻǵ̫ӡ
ǲӣ̫ӿ϶ǲŹġ
뵽ⱱֻգһ±Ľ𣬸СΨߵ󣬻һ·
۱ǰСΨģؿڵĵطЩ
оǰ̿۶Щ۲ˣһĺ
ֻ۱߳ʱʱ˶סˡ
ԭСΨϵʱѾúܺÿˣû뵽ֻȥ֮˻㾦ĵز
ǽһȡǽһǰ͹ֻ̣ÿһ߶쾡µչ˳
ʵڵǾΪˣȫŲ۵ĵزΪһ̫࿴öʿˮ
Ҳ̫ΪλὫˣ次ĵܼ
ֻ⽫ǰͷɢƴΪľǲ뿴̫ӿ
еƬѾˣƴȴȻһһµĽš
ȴһ̶ֻƿ
ΪʲôᱻΪĵһŮˣȷʵʱ
һֻĲǺ˳֪ΪŻǹģʱʱжϣߵȫû֮ǰǰи顣
ǼֻǺҲŪңȴҲ˺͡
ֻʲôɣŵһܡ
ൽһ룬ֻȴѾ˲ʮεĴˡ⵹
ƴȴǷеĿӣߵֻֻס壬ӹϵÿʼ
ʮÿ˶ÿķʽȻƴǵĸΪĶǣսһ㡣
ֻ򱣳ŽӲ״̬ܵı̫ĽӴ
ӦΪʲôڱźĲǡһˣƴǱ㸽ֻĶߵɤ˵
֮ǰ𣿲һҪ飬˼룬ȴ˵Ļ
״Ĵȫ˳ȥ
ū޶ۣ̫ӵ˼ֻվƴǱһξ룬˵
ƴǿǰֻҪݵĻĻᶪһ˿ǡ
㲻ףǱ͸㡣ƴǰһߵֻǰ̧ͷ˫޳ֻ֣ǰĳĹ󣺡ˮ㣡
ǳһַԣϲ˼
ֻΪһִˣȻˡ
ϲϲɣ̰ͼһʱʰɣ
ƭŮ˵һֱӵķʽ
ֻٴγһƲȥ̫ӵϲūʵڻ֣̫̿˼
Ȼˣѵ˸˵Ļ
˼Ӧ˲Ŷԣ㲻ҲһֱھıűѲΪѾˣƴǺֱӵʵ
ֻΪˣǲķԵġ
һЩҳԣ仰ȴֻֻ̫ܵôʣϲɵһĨȣ漴̧ͷƴǣҪ֪ʲôӦһ㡣

264 

ǹȴܻ谵̫ӵݰĹУƲ̫ϵı顣
ūûУū澴δ֮£ֻһŵȵܹ֮Ȼ빬Ի̫ӳȫֻҲǸɵӣ̫ʲôݣҪŮ˻Ū
˵еĻ̫ӲŹ˵ǸˣȻǸ˸ɱˡȻ빬ȻҸ˼𣿡ƴ仰ȴúǺЦŮҪʮܳʱŮˣ˼˭ȢҲֻܼ޸һЩƶ˼ҡɫõģټ
ܹ檡ʮԱ檣ΪξͲڱأ
˵һ仰ʱƴƽһ°θߣȵϢֻϣϢŵĲ㣬ɵֻһϡ
Ҫڳȥӯӯһյ֫ȴѾƴǵĴסƵͳɤֻĶߵҵģ֪𣿡䣬ƴǱսԼĴֻ֣ϣѾʧȥȤˡڱȤԽԽŨˡʵղŵľͺܺãֻԼû
жģȻĲõŪһڸԼڿ㶮𣿡
̫ӣū澰ɡֻ̫ⷬ˲Ķˡ˫ֵƴǵĸǰŬҪѳȥ
ѾˣƴǵʹͫһƬȵ⡣ֻĿһϣҪɿ롣
ֻŻʱѾˣһء
Ѿ¶˾ҪֿÿǰΣһëһ㲻ϵĽǺˮô
ԼĲܣȻҲܡ
ǰԼȥˡ
ֻ˫ʪ˫ԼԽԽڿҪԼĴʱֻûбܿͻȻſͣƴȵĴҧȥ
ƴǳʹ֮ʣֻ̳ſȥ
ȴ뻹δߵſڣʹŭŽյɫžͱƿˡ
ĺ糱ˮ㳯ֻϮ˲ȫĺë
ǰֻӣһƬ֮ɫ
ֻ˲Щ΢ͣһ֮ٴҪȥ
ֱ۵ıȴǱƴһץס΢һ㽫˻С
ܳȥ𣿡ƴɤ˵꣬Żеұʲô£
ʱԼΪѶֵֻ̿ĵ̫ӣ˵мҪ̫ӣūʵס
Դ㶵£ĶǸղſһĻ
Ǽ·ʽܱ£ȴֻΣˣһԸе㣬һŮ˿˶Ųۡ
֣ҡҡһʱ䲻֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ʱֻѾ߻УٵĴ·֮󣬱żĳȥ
һƴǲûȥҲûȥ׷
ʲô£ƴǵ˼֡
ȴָƴǵǵ֣촽ôѪˣǻҧģ
ƴתȥͷһ´ǣ̵ζ
ΪϹ飿ƴͳɤɴһĨ⣬ȽϸղţѾĨŭȥ
ǾҪˣǸ滨ûҵΣղҲҹϹϹһģܻĴ
⵱Ȼƴ򴽣ִŵʱͻȻֹƲˡ
ʱ㳯ȥȴҲƵӰ
ͻȻֻʱоһɡ
ѵ
ѸȥһǳĲǡƴԸ
ֻһϵϵ·һƷɿĳſȥֻҪ˻ʹʱİȫˡ
ʱֻʯġơֻ̻ȥһ۱㿴СϪӸԡ
Ϲ
ִֻһ¾ͳϹȥ
СϪӼͻȻĹŮסǰѯʣǹŮ˵Ҫа
еǧ죬̽ͷֻ㲻ɻ
㣬ߡֻ˲ֱӾͽǧǧ
ǧԥһ£ֻֽС
ֻסĴ˶ͬһ㣬ȴıһ㡣
ôˣǧֻһֻ𼱣类׷ɱһ㡣
ֻһϹҡҡͷתϵ·á˫ֱͨ죬ȴֱޱȵѾȫʧȥԡ
Ū˺üβǿԼ·ŪãյеĻ濾Ż
ǧһԿţ㴫Ѱ
죬Ҫǳ˹ǵԴжż
ǧƿųεڸſѰš
ģǧӷֻ˵
жҺĶ𣿡ֻĺѾָһЩƽȡϵ鿴óһЩྪȴǺƽġ
ҪһаǧԾɵͳɤŵͱ䡣
ֻһֺİĸоҲûϸ룬ϾѾûκιϵˡ
ҳıȽϼûáҪָԭȵòȻûйϵˣֻȻҲԸϹȥа
ѾʻſڣʿѾſڵûпһųװĹŮ̫ӵƳȥ
͵̫ӵʲôеǧЩ˼Ŀǰֻ
Լûע⣡ֻ˵űߴóһ̫ӹּɫƣô
ǧ͸ɫߣдʵֻ뵽ʱ΢ӵ㲻ֱӴ̫ӵ޵ܳİɣ
֪Ϊʲô仰˿˵ԼҲ˵ǴϹ˵ʱȴһֺίĸо
ǵĹôܣȴǺ䵭˵һ񻹴һ˿ӡ
˶°˼ĶֻЩ޺޵˵
ǧѾ˴šĺܺ棬ôõΪʲôֻʱȴһһεʧأ
ѵ˵һֽĶҩҽ
ôܳģǧľֻһĴڣÿζܴӵѡ
ոȥ̫ˣҾͳûܳˣû뵽ơֻûдӣоġŵȹһöûС
ǧŴû˵ˡ
Ҫ˶ãӱҪˡ
˳ĳţʻ˳֡ѾˣʼůϼϵҲʼûжҺҩһֱֻѾϰϹǨ˼άǰŸոҹ̬ġ֪̫ӿˣȴû̫ķӦ

265 ǵѣ

ֻЩζоһڶûСͺͻȻڱһİһ㡣
֪˵ʲôԴһӦûСֱĮ˼¡
Ȼ˶Զ˵־ͷ֣һ˿أҲǲٻع֮ǰĸ顣
ⲻҲҪ
ûСǧش
鷳㵽ֵʱҷɡֻƽ˵
ֻȻةฮˡ
ҪҪ̫ӵةฮȥ𣿡ǧֻ˼
Ҫ˵˵ϵ˭ῴһȥةฮ
һаǧȴǵֻղʱ򣬿϶˸ˡ㿴ֻҪ΢һ±ֻ֪
ҲУҪȥ·֪ǰҴ·ڲˡֻûзʵԼǱʶҲΪةฮǲȫģֻϹܹҲ
̫ˣϹҲ϶а취Ӧ̫ӵġ
סܽԷһֱûǧش
̫ӣ˿аƴǸǰսս˵
ƴǲɷһĨаЦⲻǸմܳȥһͷһ
Ҫȥа
ֻջ·ţһӹֻů֡
С㣬Ⱥȵ裬ůůӡһѴ纬ЦɤԾǰĺ
лл빫ֻӹ˹Ľ裬ֽӷڻůš
СôôپܳˣҪûүҪȶˡ뿴һֻ·ٿȴϷһֻĴָСĹǵѣݲɱ˱䡣
ʱ˵ϰֻղһĻ㲻Щ¡ҲûԼܹӳй
̫õƵʱе뷨뿪йʲô˲ϡ
ЦЦС㣬̫ҲǸӵܣǲԸ⣬̫ҲӦòǿ󡣡˶±˼Ķˣôࡣ̫ҲүǷ̫Ļ̫ӿ϶߳ŭɱҵġֻһڽ꣬ʱůͶˣ
ǻǽŴһ硣
С֪үĺˣˣ΢΢һЦ
˭˵ġֻ˵ү֪˭̫ҾһŮܷĵϹòãⱾһӹɵ顣
ǻС̫ź򣬾̫ôֻĻ
ֻһ£űôҪҪɱġſڱտ˵ҳó󣬽ͱˡ
С̫ӵˣ˲á
ûУԼԼһ˵ҳóһȴֻ֡Ǿ̫ôϹһо֢
ֻһЦţɫоĹâС㣬Ȼ㲻Ըүʵ̫Ҳҷˡ̫ôţ̫Ҫ֪ҵݵĻƻȥвүү϶ᱻвҾˡֻеˣɳ°ͣһ޿
˵ֻҪ뿪ǣȥѣΪʲôҺòװү֮һ̫ӣǸ̫һǼɫ⣬ĺãռҡ
ֻıԹǴЦԽŨˡʵү̫Ӷͬһˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôӵڻֻʵ࣬˵ֻͲˡ
С㣬ϵĶͦµİһϷõĹǵϡ
ǡǵѡݷҵģ˵ΣգֻҪһǵѣͻˡֻҲûʲôñܻģֱӶ˵ˡ
˺ϿٵӹʲôʵǻС㴵𣿡
ֻҡҡͷûУҾӦûáҪҳһ£ݷˣߡ
뵹ЩȤС㣬аʲôˣݷֻǸССѣŶ
ݷΪʲôǵ͸С㣿һЩˣ˵һǵѾͻкܶ˵ֻ˼˵ţ빫ݷʲôأһӾͻкܶ˵Ӧò
򵥲ǡΪʲôڻûݷأ뿴ǸǵѿԽˣֳЦҲԽĹĪС㣬ǵūǼģūżүҲǼġǵݷС
Ļô˵ݷݺпŵˡ
һֻܾ֯úȴ벻ˡ
һص֯ųˣκιҶûκϢģҲΪʲôݷʼն鲻
ֻô˵źӡ
֪С֪ǰ̫ƴǣ⣬Ŀֻ
˫۾ƳγȾκʣֻȴ˫۾Ϊ̫Եúܲʵ
Ȼòʲôһ㣬¶䲻Ѿ˵ڵ̫ǺҪõֵܡɼ̫ĲʲôաթĺܡֻǸ̫ӵӡѾ䵽ˡǸϹȻһ·Ļɫ
ΪĿĿԲֶΡūŸ㣬ƴ̫ûأȴǹһЦһĨĪζƴ̫ΨһһȥŵˣҲΨһһŴųˡҲŵİƴ
̫Ӳܹ
ô֪ƴ̫ûģֻⲻ¶һĨɻͽ顣
ūүߣʲôūŲ֪İ˵š
СǵҪպˣǧܱ˿ˡǵҲײҪȻпܡŵˡһβأҽ
Ϊʲôôˣŵ˶ûϳݷأûһҹݷأֻĺ֡ҲŪžʲôط
֮أΪ֪ߵ˺пŵˡǴ뿪ſʼԼʵòϢǼٵġ
Ҳү֪ģֻŲԽ֪̫ˡ
Ȼеˣûǲ֪ŵġͷ
Ҳ˵ݷǼٵģǡôԼûз𣿡ֻͲͨ
͸ǴС书йˣūҲ̫
ƴᳵ·ǧĶܽԷȥСͳԵˡջ˵ҪָԼòǧƴ̹

266 

ָԼò֪֪ҪǻָԼòҲ滨Ϳ϶ġ
湻嶯ġҲµĺ
˵ʲôƴٴοʵ
ǧ룺˵˶°˼Ķǲӣ
°˼Ķƴϸһ£ȻͷһԼ°Цˣԣȷʵҡ
ֻڷдãǧʱ߽ˣֻǺ˼ɵĳ࣬ʱһھӪмʱ
ûһǧСļӺ֣Ͷ׷ʯͷһ߿Զʿһ߳ŷԵúʹݡ
Ա𣿡ǧڵ
ֻ˱һմ͵ָָԼҨһ뼦ȣûôˣ
㶼ôСɣ
йʱ̫û㶫𣿡ǧǵֻķôϵˣһҪֻˡ
Ĳ̫ҳԲߣһܳԵʲôòˣֻһߺżһƲǰǧģҳߡ
̫ˡǧȴǵ
ȿȿȡֻһ¾ͱǺˣ𣿡ȻϹǲаġ
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˵ʲôǧشֻǾȣݡ
Ļȥɡ̫ӵȾˡǧûκ¶ȡ
㡭Ҹ̫ӻȥֻȻòŵ˵ţ˫¶ֱֱͫĿǧ۾
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һ仰֮ǰһжһЦ
ǧóֻɫеľָоͻȻһֱε˱һ㡣
ֻѹûὫȥɡ
ΪΪȥ̫ӡ
ǡӣ
̫֪ڱ
ϹֻһվԭкܶĻҪ˵ڣȴһ²֪Ҫ˵Щʲô
Ӳϵĸ֮ѾûκεĹϵˡҲԼ˵ġ
ɱУ
ѾϰԴӣϹ˾ĮԴʱһӦߡ
ȻʵӦöԴ̬ȡ
㵱ʱҪأֻɷߺ޵ѸٵתʣԼ͸һĨɳơֻҪ֪Ѿûκιϵˡʱǿǰ϶ѣ̫ˣҲΪһҲɵȥ̫ӡǧֱӵ˵
еı纮½ӵı衣
ֻ类صûһԴһ㣬βɻζһ¡
ȴǲϵڸԼ鱾Ӧˡ
֣Ǳ֡
ûκȥ
̫ϳҵݣɱҲŻͬĻҲԥɱҵ𣿡ڻеӺ̣ȴԼ䣬䡭
ԼѡġǧԾʮֵĮ
˵ҵѡǶԵİֻȴЦ˵һ仰˵úܶԣһк׷ʱжǵȵǷ֮ͻӷľٶ˺㡣
ҪŪ֮便˭Ƿ˭ǷġҵġϹҸ㣬㵱ʱĵλݣ䲻ҡֱֻߵϹĸǰ̧ͷηӭϹ˫亮⣺ʱĸǻ
ĳҵӦŻ£
ֻеķŭ֮ȴԾɴЦһֺƽ˵
ֻý仰ջȥǧڼԼŭһ㡣ôɱңֻηʵðɱʱҵʬ彻̫ӣôҲҪˡҼֱ֪ϱʲô쾹ȻҪҿЦ
Ըҵֱˤˡ
Դ㶺ˣԼռֻ壬Ӧóеֻ֮ǰĴ
ʱһŪúľÿǷϹʲôһġ
ʼնѹԼԼԲϹʱҲһֱš
ڽйˣ̹ˡ
ȥģָ̌ſڡ
ϹҸ㣬Ҫ˵Ļҿ϶ġֻ仰֮󣬱ֱת˳ȥ
ԭĹҪڱˣҲڱˡ
ӴԺֻ
ԭǷϹ飬ҲûκεĹϵ
仰ͷˣҪϹڸҶʲôĻԻỹȥġһ߳ȥǹɺֱֻϴӭıһϮɫƽ۵̫ӣͦΣҹɫԵø䣬߹ɢһַ·ܹص塢
ơ
ڴӣ̫ӾǸɵӣҲӦϹĹϵˣҲӦ֪ˡ
ֻһվԭزˣȴ޾ĳ̫ȥ۵׺һɼ͵βѸٵĻ
ƴǿֻϴŵʱΪ·ɫ޶ġںŵһӭۣ
Ȼ˵ѾˣȴǺ䣬ԵõһЩ
ƴۻǰ⿪ϵֻϡ
һٶֻȲѣ¶ͫĿǰƴǡ
µ񣬾һɵӶܲµݺϹĹϵˡ
̫һɵӣӦٶۣû롣
ǹ͵ƣѾһ˰ɣ
̫ӵķӦ񲢲̫ЩŻŨ޵ϣһ˿һķŭ֮⡣
ǱŮˡƴǺζ˵һ仰͵˱ʲôãƫҪܳ
ʱǧҲ˳漴ƴǵĿǧĿײ
аЦˡƴǵĿ˵ᣬںúүһ
˵ֱֻ֫ʱ·ȥ˿ûκεĹ˼
ֻʱʹȥƳһϹԾĮģɫͫһƬ䣬ͺ̫ҪҵһŮûκεĸϴһ㡣
ĵоܲԾǳĲԾ
ʱ˵Ļú
ϹΪְֺޣԲŻƭԼ֪ʵԾɽ滨
ԵϹŹһ̣ӦϲսʤĺޡҲڷŹԼ
¹ȥһ꣬ܲʲôֵģŶ̶̵ļ졣
Ϲͱ˵Į룬Ⲣװģ֮ûκεĹϸ𡣡뵽ֻһͣ˽Ųȥһ˫üϬϹµɨһۡ

267 ˵

ĸоԼĺʹǰһ
ʼնǵһμʱȻһĨ˺ĺĻ̬ȴ͸¶һġ
ڵϹûУ
ôˣƴǿֻֿһվڲԶǧЩɻʵ
үܲܰҸĶҡֱֻϹʵ
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ǧҲЩԥվԭأֻ֪ΪͻȻʳһ仰ֻʲôʱʲô߸ʲô
ʲôʱǧƴǵٵĽһ£漴ǧ˵
ҪǱ֪𣿡ƴֻϸֻ֫ĶЦ˵
ʲôģʵѾˡ
ȻϹø̫ӣ˵ںˡȻҲп˵ͲϹ
ʱ͸ﰡֻѿһĨЦ
仰ǧƴ˸Ծһ¡
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ԭѾҺ˵ǣ˵ϹΪʲôΣյ£ġ
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˵ʲôϹбۣ˵㲻Ϊһʱģϱ˰ɣ
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ƴһ仰˵ļأʵ
ֻ֫ǿҪֻߡ
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Ӧý͸Ķˡ̵ֻĻֵȴǺƽ
Ĳ²ĻǼٵģҪ͸öԲӴˡ
ǧٴγĬˣֻ֪ڹ̽ݹʵģ͸Ϲһ
ǰôҪϹǲܲ˵ġ
ΪǰһֵĿԸһ
ԲãǱԲãôǵ͸Ҫ˵ȥĻǶҲû취ɣ
ǧ˵仰ʱֻһֱ۾
ֻ꣬Ĵ߲ɹһĨζЦû˵һ仰תͳǰȥ
ѾˣϹ
ȻϹϹȥأ
ֻֻȫ䡢һ㣬ϵ³ţƾôŬ
ǰܶ鶼ϵԴţԽԽɵ㲻ϵķŴǰ
ҲԽԽԽԽ·һܹһ㡣
صйֻ֮㷢˸գǶЩˣһƬ̡
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ЩˡǱϹȥɺ׵ġƴǵɤ˵
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Ҳ֤ʵں
ӣҲҪҸ硣Ƶ˵
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Ϊõġ
Ҳ˵⾿Ϊãǲ
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ûаյ飬ֻʼնûаա
һֱ˿ֻϵȴԾûҲһֱġ
һԸȵƴǾ̫ҽǷ˺ôһͨ
һֱ˲˾һֱԲѣộ׽ԴպͿġ
̫ҽΨΨŵŵվƴǸǰСĵĵ̫ӣóԵҩˡֻܾ취û½
˵ĸû˵ʲô𡣡ƴǵ˫һƬơ
ҪǵȵûһĺۼĻǾ鷳ˡ
æ˸ֻޱ˶˼¯
յúֻͮͮǱѪһ㣬Ժ俪ʼ
ȡֻȫһţӺʹ࣬Ǵһ㡣
ȫŬţȴΪȫģʹһ˿Եøܡ
˲̡
Ƕȥƴǰֻϵıƿ
ֻüͷҲ΢΢չ
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ҪٲѵĻҾһΣ
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оյֻκһҩҪ鲻ԽȫƲסԼ
Ҫֻ壬ĺҪһΡ
̫ҽһֱغ⣬ۼ߷ǰף糺ĳϼһֱɫ
ȴҲκεĶ
ֻ۾оɺܶͬʱȴ־ʮֵɬɢ˼һ㡣
ȻůȴģЩܡ
ǽֻ㷢Լϸû·Ҷ߻еϢ
һֻϣӱס
ֻԺָЩѣһתͷ㿴̫Żݡ
˵ֻһӦֳ̧ƴǵϴȥ
žһǰƸ࣬
һҹδ˯ټ꼸ξ˶ƴ˯ú죬ֻһƿǽʵʵĴϡ
ʷǱһƸѵģһ¡ֻ̧ȾҪƴǸ´ȥ

268 Ϊգ

ƴǵѧģǷӦʮֵѸ٣ֱӾסֻ߹Сȡ
һ㽫ֻѹ£ͳɤ㻹ǳˡ
ѹֻȫƾűܵķӦϴĻУڿƴϣԼԼİӡ
µɵЩˡ
ʲôطУǾǲܴ˵仹һݸ߹̫ӵ
һƣ̫ӵĸʡĸûдɣ
ҲǳΪϵһҶִ̫Ůˡ
̫Ҫ˵Ŀ⣬ֻ㡢һĨǽɫб˷ŭ㱰ɡ޳ܣ㲻ˣ㾹Ȼ֮Σ
㱾Ǳˣ㵽ڻ𣿡ƴǶڷŭеֻֻһֺƽ˵˫ȷʵıˡǡ
ҲǡֻƴǺֲʲôƷƾʲô˵ľģ
ҪֿףԼˣƴǳ壬嵭˵š
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Ҫľ꣬ȻֻΪˡ
Σ͵ñ򱾹ϼܲͲ±ȥļ𣿡ƴ仰Ѿ˵ˣϣֻԼܹ
ʵݱһ۾֮ĸҲѾǵةֻ࣬һ鲼£׷ȥĻ
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˵ڵĶױ˼סһǺܾá
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ʵǻҪʲôֻ֪ԼǺܰȫġ
ҲһֺҪһݺͷʽȥ˽
˵ˣҪԼȥǸֻеһŰֽ
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ɫƴʣ֪ΪʲôǾʮֵʡĴǾһĨȤζЦ⡣
ôˣͷһ˻Ĵ
ǰľŮɫڹﻹһиСţ˵֮񱡣ƴǳֻǰ֣ɵ̧𣬹ǽڷָṴ˹ֻЩֲں͸գǴϸۡγĶԱȣ˵ȷʵ촩Ǽ߱¶
·ñ֪ԭһŮ˵徹Ȼôôˣڲ·ҪÿǱҲôȤġ
ԣھ͸߱ѡ񡣡˵ƴǱ½תˡ
ʵҲֻֻ֪Խ˳ı󣬾Խǲè塣
ĹУŲ뿪
㡭һ̫ӣȻ˵˴ֱɵĻֻһ뵽µǶǳ壬żѹ¡
͹ƾ⣬͸оԼûκѡأȫռˡ
ɫ΢΢һ죬鵹ʮֵŭ
˵ıɫȻɫȻʱЩˡЩӱ˵𣿡ƴһǶĵֻû˵
ԭԼĸоͦá
ڿȥ룬ЩЩΪϹ˵ǲǲʣ᲻˵Ļɣ
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ᡭ
ϹĻǾԲֻЩµġ
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֪һεֻ᲻֮ǰֻ
ǣͿԳ׵Ķģа֡
ǡǲһܺõĽ
ȥȥɣֻҪΪֵãĿԲȥĹȥ
̫һ𣿡
ʡƴʵ
һŮ˵ʸдάֶã
ƴ벻ֻʳ⡣Ҳԡ
˵ĽǶʮֵҲ
û֮ǰ飬ǹϹԼϹδ£˿ʷˡ
κһ϶޷ܵġ
ֻΪÿƤҺһ˾́G
ֻʳʱ򣬾˵Լһ뷨
˵ʵڱߵŮˣҪôǶԱõģҪôǱϲġһ仰ƴǵĻ
ȥһŮõԼʲôԼҪĶ
Ů˸֡
һ֣ţƴǵͳɤֻĶߵȵϢе֮ŨĴɢһȡ
Ҳֻ֪ƴǵͻȻһӦǶܡƫͷȻǳϿҵʵ
˵һϵӦ˲ǣô˵ʲôüֵ
⻰
ֻ뵽ʲô΢΢һʲô˼Ѳ㡭ڸգ
ϵʱԴͻģ·һǦʯһ㡣ں˯ȥˣٻЩʶġ
ӡƴ˵ʲô
ȴһΣҲΪãԴջˣˡֻôͷӦˣЩ⡣

269 

һķˡ˵˱ֲǲ㸺𣡡
檣ֻһͨѾͷƴ޳ܵ˵
ֻȴ˵š
ŭȴԵһҲûղôˡ
һʼΪƴǼͣյ壬ȻΪûǿռΪ̫ӣӦҪԡһҲͬ㽫һȺ˵Ů̫ӹɣֱֻƴǵ۾һֱҴ
ߣԶժȻҵݣ̫ǲزסġ
ȻҪ㣬ЩȻġֻҪúõ壬Ժź򱾹ˡȻҪѡ񲻴ӣҲԳȫ㡣ƴϵ鲻ڿЦ
˵һڴǵ֮˴˳ȥ
صĹâ͸ʵӳƴǴŵһɲǣĹ߱Խļ˽
ֻ̫ӵıӰø
˲䣬̫ӵıӰȥڱԺܾϹŮʱϹ뿪ʱǹ¼ŵıӰصһ
ͬįͬҲͬļ
ֺϹӰҲϹ
֮ǰǸϹȴϹ
һе྿ʲô
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֮ǰʶϹĲӣ
Ϊ̫ӼеᣬȻЩ칬Сϣǳ̫뾩ϻǱȽӵġ
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һѣһѰ
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Ȼϯλϵĳ̫ӡаԼƺ˼
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үʱ˵ⷬǺ⣿
Ҳ΢һ̶΢˼һ£ƺԼԼصʲô
ֻѾʧٶգˣʬ˵⻰Ǻ⣿ѲǴ㽫֮λһֱֻ𣿡ǵ˵ţԴżŭ⡣
ֵΪֻȥó͢ⶼѾΪ˻ҵЦʣȻѾֻ˻Լֻɷǿ˼ңǰ򸴻ġԶ븸ܹ׼½ӻУ

Ϲһ仰ڳе˶ˡ
˼ֻѾϹˡ
һжƴǺǧ֮УǾ뿴Ϲҵֻֻжơ
ƴԵһֻ֣ϱһƬߺޣϵ˫ֲɵ
ҪֻǷлôͬʱҲĿ⳯аķȥ
˼ǣֻѾҵˣϵĻһЩϵıҲһƬغࡣ
ΪϹǴģȴڹ˵ֻѾһ顣
аϲֻѾһĵزҪаˡ
ûпˣ
ǡҶ˻ǰ硣
Ǹ̫ӼеᣬôҡһƬߡ
̨µλҲ۷׷ס
аֻж飬˾֪顣
˿үȻ˸ϯϣⲻó̫ӿҵЦ
֮ǰаڴ֮ͥ˵û´ͻĻ
Ҫֻˣаôܵʲô鶼ûأ
ǴĿԶпܴڡ븸˵ꡣڻϼҪŭʱϹϽ˵ǰ̫ӲΪ֤Լĳ⣬ӶɱǸƵ𣿵Ǹһֱ
ǾãܹһԵݾľƣǸֶ֤Դĳ𣿡
Ȼ
ϷŭıҲһƬϲ
һеԵɲΪֻ
аԳֻãǱ˵ӴԺǾ塢õĹϵһˣ˺ҲκεĹϸˡ
ҪаɱǸ滨檻Ҫá
̫ӣΣǻʺĺӣؼʱ̱վΪǽѡ
̫֮λǲֻ˭ܹʸȥأ
һƬο
ΪϹķʽ˻ϵȼü֮ȻҲûϲ뷨ƴǰеİ״ɾƱĿ⳯ǧķȥүӿСֻҪаŻԼ󳼵Ɑƣڻһã飬Լʱػһ
Ĵ𸴡
ˣǰة֮Ůֻڹüϸɤ仰ʱ
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ǻ£ԸⱭƣ
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ϾĵһŮвѾֻòˡ
ǵֻһӯӯʱǰȻӹһƬ֮ɫ
ʼնܸһֶĿһµĸоÿμ͵ءһһ档
ͬһ裬ԽƷԽŨԽƷԽζʹ
һ㻭ʦὫ˵òÿķȥȴû뵽ʵеֻȻе˸
ܲ޺ͷŭء
˫߬˫ָ֣ѾǶ˼Уȴ˿оʹ
еļʼҪ۾Ȼ󻯳һѰѷĵֻϴȥ
μϡϸϸϸöĴϸ˵
ΡѩòֻҲֻ
ϸ߽һ̣ƴǱһֱעϸһһκһϸ֦ĩڶŹ
ͼҳһЩȻǣԼֻ֪ʲôˡ

270 ĻǼٵ

òĺֻȫһģһ
Ϲ˵ܹƭаǾ˵㹻׼ġ
һʱģҲҲ
ֻʧٵЩӶȥˣΪʲôҪƽ޹ʵʧ٣ʧа֮õֻٴγУȻҲҪ⿪һֱʡ
ôа׷ΪҪźö˶˵аδ޲ѡء
ҪǸܵ˭أ
ػϵĻ֮ѡ뿪аȫΪԸ޸аϸ갴Ϲ֮ǰĻشҡ
˵⻰ʱϸ˫ˮ˫ͫЩӵĳаķȥ
ôٹ˵Ҳˣһڳ̫ӵǰ
ڹڲа棬澡ʧ
Ҳϸѯȥת˻⣺Ǵͻ飬ԸԸ⣿֪ǿּ
ֻʵʵ˵Ӽƻаһ̣ûڻţ˼˵ֻǱűľĳӵġ
仰Ϣܴ󰡣
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˴Ҷʮֺֻδ˵Ļ
ϹǴһһȫͬһĵֱϹѴͱ
ǰһֱϹڴ֮ͥϹϹĴǵñˡ
ʣֻܹİʱϹȴСڻ϶ߵ
ҲȷʵֻϹ׿ֻ˵Щ˵ϹˣҲڻžȻˡֻĻҲˣӦˡϸֶϯʼһԲϹ˵ҲȡֻĻԼϹӭֻҲһ׮ϲ¡
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ΪүҪ˵ֻаأ
ѲаԴֻĺȫǼٵģ
֪û˵һ仰ıҲߡϹϸߵϹϯϡ
һֻžƱϹһĨаЦ⣬ĴǸǴһֳ͡
ǸӷһʤվϹĸǰ
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ȻǺܴ󣬿ȴвٵ˶ˡ
˿ʼ۷׷ˡǧ湫ӵҺȻʮֵı棬ôľ룬Ȼûҳһ˿ǧ˵仰ȴͻȻץסϸ󣬵֬һƬʱǧǵ
ֻһ˰̣ڱɽׯʱӻ˵ġϲûУ
Ҫʶһ̫ˣһЩֻ֪ͿԿˡ
Ҳ֪ϹţΪֻҪһֻƵŮݳֻͿˡ
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ϹϹһֱ֮ͣǰϹϹ˲ٵ裬Ϲһѩǰأ
ⲢǻԼҪģΪŮ˲ֻģǲû취̫֤Ϲĳ⣬ԴӭȢˡ
ȻϹ仰ȴǲŲңǾȻһĨЦ⣬ѹ˶ǧ˵֣м£һֱûи㡣ѵΪܻὫֻ͸ɺǱϾǳ̧ܰΣýȢŮˡϵǼ˲ٹ˻С檵飬ǿһд
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ѵûǸֻǰʶǸֻкܴĳ𣿡ϹٴοʵԾɴһĨЦЦЦ⡣
˵ô࣬ñ𣿡Ϲ˵Щģǧǲŵġ
ΪĻϹΪʲôҪϹнֻȥأ
ǸֻҪǼٵĻϹߣ˳Ϲϸ
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еʱȷǰֻǼٵˡ
һֻòŮ˶ѡ
ʱϹĿͶһߵĳ̫ӣȡ
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ȣ鵽һֻֻܼ֤ǲֻˡϣүòõİɣƺûǰ֪аʵ͸ҲΪҸ룬ϣаﻹŮ˶ѡƴһǶ˫
ءȻ̫Ӻͳϵ˼ϵɫЩҲסˣϹ˵ȻԼȡԼģӦǶֻӦˣκθǡαؾ
ֻ滹Ǽ٣ֻҪⱭƣó̫Ӻ͹С⼴ɡ
ȻֻΣǧ˵ʮˬĽеľܶԻȱҪܹһֻżƵŮ֮λ
֮λȲĽ֮λǧ˵껹Ϲ䡣
֪ΪϹĶˣš̵ԸˣϹ˵ⷬϾȻûһ˿ŭ⣬ԾЦǧ
ƺһжƿصС
ȻֺⱭƣԴֵ֮ĵˣ
ʱƴǸоһ˿ѲϹкУܣǺαأñֻ̫Ӻ͹ֲɵӣֻֻһȻȻͲֻܴҪ˵ûʲô壬Ϳ
̫Ӻ͹ΪˡǧҲúЩԾȴʵ벻ﲻԾ
԰Ȼֻʲô壡ʱ򿪿˵ˣзŭ֮⡣ΪǧпһνҲΪǰֻĻапܲǱơ

271 ֻ

ǰֻֻˣм١ԸԼͷģЩϹȴĵ˵һ
ƴǵԤԽԽˡ
漴ߵԸȥû
ǻڸոԴϢ̫ӣ
Խ˵ƴǱԽǼûֻпԼǰžðġ

ǧ湫ӵҺţΪղŵĻֻ˵˵ѣôصĶģϹûһİǲ˵ġ
ѲϹõĲǧ湫ӵҺһֱҺҪΪ棬ΪʶƵĶ
ֶŵĶؾֻţδ
㲻ųܵĻѡǰֻֻм٣Ϲᶨаȵ˵仰
ܣѾ㹻ˡǧһٲȻھϹʿɶֹȻˣǱûϺͳ̫ӿðֻŮӵݡ
ɫٿرϹôô֪ô
ֻҲãǼٵҲáΪܹóĻϴӦ顣
ǶǶϹбٵĺô
ϹαҪȥͱֽأ
ԽҪ֤ŮǲֻԽֻ֤ԼҪ
ӦԴΪأϹΪΪһŮһٶĸ£
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֣Ҫô𣿡Ϲ仰鸴ӣڽŻڵǡ
ѹǰϹ˵
ôȫΪ㣡Ϲٴο˵ѾȡԼˣֺαҪ׷Ѱʵࣿʲôô
ǵġԣǧⶨĿϹһһһĴƽ³һ仰
Ϊƴǧ˵£˲Ҳڵſڻ˼£ʱˣ㽫Ѵжҩҩ
ʱйһȦҲƴߣɫȥЩã̫ӣﲻڷСص˵һʱ֮ǰͳȥˡ
˵ʲôƴǵ˲
϶ûйūѾȥˡһ仰˲͵һ·ѩ
ȥңֲֻˣȥʲôطˣȥʲôطأ
Ѳֻ֮ĵĺϹȡϵ
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ǣܵġ
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뻢ڣҲĿϹĿ˲
ҪҵĻӦȥˣΪʲôҪƫƫʱ
ѲΪǧնֻ˵Ƿ
жҺҩ˿̱˷֮УҲʱס˺
ǰŮ˾ǲֻֻҪҩͿĨˮϴɵ֪ࡣ
ϲһģһˣֻơ
ǵĶʮֵĽţֻģ֮аָΣ
Ǳƻ᲻ȣ
Ǽٵģ飬Ҳ͡ˡ
Ǽ٣ΪеѾΪһŮ˵ս
һҪֳʤʣãǲĻҪҪֶԻǷ껹ڲڡʱһƬžϹɤȴʱ֮ƺһ˿֮ɫ

Ƕ⻰˼ơԻԲŻһֱѰ࣡
ִ֪֤֮ΣѵҪӭȢ𣿡Ϲķš
ܣˣڶԱü𣿡ֻҲ֪ҪΡ
ֿƺС˵㲻źۼĳƴǵķȥһƲƴϵɫ
ʱҲǧߵ˵ﲻˣ
ֻֻ֪֤֮󣬻Σ᲻ⱭƣϹֱǧ۾ѯš
ᣡǧֻ΢ԥһ£Ѿ˻ԼȻ㲻ٺκεĹϵǣֻ
ñô̫Ӻ͹أǧ˲˵Ǿ仰ǧȴǺּܹᶨ˵ⷬ
ֻĻǾֻ֤һ¡
һжֻԼѡġ
ͼܲɣּûа
ѡϹ
ⱭǺȶˣͬʱֻΪҲӿΪ˲
üͷ仰֮չ
ֻҪа仰͹ˡ
֣ȻаѾ˵˵⻰ˣǡŤͷԵƴǵ
ƴֻǵһԻ漴ֽͶ䵽ϸϡ
ʹüۣվϹĸǰǼ̺ɫɫޣҲǺܺõĳг֬ļQˡ
ǰһ˫Ϳ˾µޢ
ǰ˾ǻģʮֵ
ôҩܽһ˵˰ȫڸס
Ȼǰ˲ǻֻΪʲôһֲõԤУ
ϹȻ˵ҵһֻƵŮӣһѵ˲ʱ䡣
ܾϹ
ɫࡢصĻаԥ˵ⷬϵǻһЩ
Ƿֵóصģ
ֻֻǼ٣ȳ̫Ӻ͹Լ鶨ˡڹú֤һ
Ϊʲôǵʱ
ã仰ˡϹɫĴһĨаЦ
Ϲڵģ϶ڵģ
űмϸ꽫ҩͿĨϣ˵ˮϵҩϴ
˶۾е̲סĴλվ̽ͷ
뿴ˮϴ֮󣬻ǲΡѩˡ
ƴǷڰϵҲɵ΢΢
ֻ֪ȴ̲ס
øɾëϸϵˮøɾ֮ԭ澫µױݲˣٵȴûκα仯
˵ˮЩ֬⣬ûκζĶ
ܣôֻܻ
ϸ̧һ̣ƴǵͫѸٵսˣ統ͷһ㣬𾪺;㵡
ǧɫҲͬʮֵľ㵣ôܣ
ѵҩã
ǡϹ˵ֻ֮ǰǸǼٵģ
Ͽ˲һ¶һĨɵЦ㿴ˡǰֻûǧһ´ϯվֱߵϸĸǰ

272 Ѫ

ϸƺǧһ㣬ǧ߽㲻ĳ񶼲ǧӡ
ǧ˫һѷĵҪҿϸĲαװ㡣
ϸϾµױݱϴȥļɰ𪡢ۣ·һˮһ㡣
ΪҪϸëԼ޼üëʮʵĳǧС
ôľ£ǧ㶢ϸݿãȴδκε
ڸܹ߳Ҳĵط
ֻҪϸ⡢۲죬ôҳ
ȻǰֻûС
ʮֵʵûһ˿һݵĺۼʮֵȻ
ǧɫһϸһ
ѵϹ˵ģǰֻֻ
ǡܣԲܵģ
֣ǲ˵ҩ⣬߲ãҪ֤һϹǧϵɫʮֵʹ졢泩
һΣǽǰĳȫˡ
͸һ㻹֪ʲô𣿡ֻ⡣
һöԲӣǵá档Ϊʱү˵кܶ鲻֪ôѡԻ͸ͼͬԲӣүԺ⣬ͿԲӵķʽ
ˡ⻹ǻСʱ͸үġϸϸϸֵӵشǧ⡣
ֻ͸ϹһҾǵϹöԲӣ
ƴȻһƬƽ˫ϵȴɰˣȫļҲڲ֪н
ǧǰ˹ȵף
ֻ֣Ҫǰ飬ʡϹǧԽԽõɫʹ켫ˡ
·һƯķսһ㡣
ߵǧĸǰǧĶ
ôҪãЩ¸ҲǧֻƬ̣ű㻺תͷԵϹ
֣㻹Ϊֻ㲻ҳϰȷʵЩֻġ
ϹǹżּЦ
Ȼñ˵Ѿ˷ǧһֱƴǵߣƴǺֻĵεΣΪġ
Ȼһʼװʧ䣬Ըϲ÷Ҳ˺ܶı仯ֻ
Ǽٵģݵ͸Ӷá
ֻ滨ӵߣҲǺܿͱӸʶ
ֻһֱ֪滨ѡ
ֻةǧĻǧ˵⣬˶٣ǵѪӦûںһɣ
ѪΪ򵥶֤ǰǲֻ֤ݡ
ֻܹةѪڣκε֤ݶ˵
Ȼǧ˵仰֮󣬱żֵ͵Ϲɫ˲һ¡
û뵽ϹȻͨķʽһ㡣
ٵıϾǼٵģȻϸ곤һźֻȫһģһǡϾةŮֻ
ȻǵѪҺںһ𡣡ةѪܹڣǱ㲻κε飬Ҳǻ̽ǱƺȥӴֻǱáǧһһĴ³һ仰ÿһַ·ע
һ㡣
ϹһڳСǵѪҺܹںһĻаٶ˵һֵĻǡ;ʹաǲݵĻǧ䣬ƴǱɫˮ˫
Ȼ˵ǽԭԭʣξϣ
ֻ֪͸ϹһҾһֱߵԲ֮ɫȷʵ̫ÿ
Ҳֻ϶֪ϹǼٵˡ
ǽƬ̣ӿһƬϲ
ϣǰֻģǼٵֻ
ǵʼչȥļ㳹׹ȥˡ
Ҳǿû˿Ĺˡ
Ϲƴ仰ϵɫԽĲÿˣǿƴǵһĨ⡣
Ǽƻٵֻ̽ϹķӦ֪ǲϹѾȥƴ̫ӡ
Ȼʵϣƻ󲿷ֶϹ˽ġ
˭ҪҪҪܵȫٱǧıȥ
˵һһ˫ļƻ
Ϲֻ֪ģȴܹϵѡĻǾ˵ϹпǼٵġ
Ϊֻƴ̫ӲŻ᲻ôֻ
ֻһҪƴ̫ӻѡֻѡӭȢ
ӭȢƴ̫Ӹļƻһ󲽡
ղϹʮƶ˵Ƿ
ô˵⡣
һֻϹ
ڶϹŶֻ˽⣬ղĻԡ
ڣǲϹֻϹΪǰֻֻ֮󣬲ܹ֪
̫ȴʱ˵֧ⷬϹķ
Ƚһǵļƻ
ǡ̫д㣿
ãͰ̫˵ȥˣǰة̫ӻе˼
ֻҪϹ˵㻰ֻҲãǼٵҲãǺϣġ
᱾Ѿһʱ䣬ټϹ˳ة빬ҲҪһʱ䡣
ʱУȻϯϵѾ㴼
Ȼȴû˸ղǷֵգ˶һĬϸǹһСʹձЩѹ
˶Ѱ˽ڣȥ͸͸
ȻҲϹ
˻ûҵ𣿡ɫֶ̿ѿƴߣ˵ƴǱʳ仰
ūŸ֪ȥˣūѾ˳йˡӦûڻʹС
ƻûûƴɫޱ˵仰
̫ӣܵġūѾʹŵˡһϸܵ亹Ķͷ
ȥʲôطˣ
ǲʲôط֮ϵֻ
ةʱѾ˯ˣȴʱ빬
ʱȣ·͸Ź˹
ةովϹϸ۾СܵĽг֡
Ƕ궼ûةˡ
ة࿴վϹԵʱϵʮֵ𾪺⣺㡭ô
ة࣬ȱ𼤶ǲֻ֪ˣʱɲǿǸŮϵϷ롣
ֱܹܹӴةĻ˽׼õˮ
ܿ˽׼õˮ˵ةϸǰ
ϹλһԲϸϵȻҲ¶һĨͺ£ȴǱץסָ֣һ󡣡Ũ޺Ѫ峺ˮУةҲеԼһѪˮ

273 Ҳֻ

˶ŵĳˮȥͬĶ
Ϲ֪ȴ̲סһ˿ϣ
ƴǺǧ˵۾һֱûдˮ뿪ˮеˮѸٵںһʱ
ǧϵһƬţϹʮֵ⡣
漴Ѹٵĳƴǵķȥ̫ӿ϶ˮжֽš
ȻûκѪԵϵˣѪԵôأ
һʱ俴Ĵ󳼱㶼ʼС
ҲԵһ̬ɵϯϡ
֣ΣܸţǸֻǼٵ˰ɣϹǧ˵ദôãѵûзǰֻһ𣿡
ϹȻ֣ᷢӺϹ
һʼӻֻݣֻ˭ֻأ
ıֺϹ˵ĲһһһЩԭĶ
ǧתɭֺ˵ĿһǰϹ
Ҳû˵һ仰صԼλϡ
ȻֻͰⱭþƸ˰ɡ̶ǧ˵
ϹҲʾϸȥϹơ
ǧ˱ֱվλϣûȥκˣ΢΢ĳƴǵķȥ
ⱭƣǺȻǲȣһжҪƴǵ˼
үϸߵǧԣӵĽеľƱݸǧ
ȣһǧûȥӣϵǳߴˡ
ϲϹ𣿡ǧȴʱʳһ仰
ϸϵɫԽĽźͺȴǺС˵һ䣺Բ𡭡
ζģԼ𣿡
ǡǶΪү㣡ǧѯʣϹ֮ǰԤϵˣүĻүҲ
ǧ仰ȴķһĨЦӹϸľһ֮󣬱ת뿪ϯ
ⳡϾͽ뵽β
ĵĴǿһ뿪ǻϢܵĵطˡ
̫ӣҵˣԭǻ֮ǰ˷ʱƴǰĨĨǵĺˮһ˵
šƴ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
漴뿪ϯλ
һƫƧĳ£ǧѵȺһԡ
ƴǵӰʱǧӭȥӣǲǵǶˣ
Ϲ˵ʲôˣƴǼζϹǧߵ
˵ھǸֻֻϹҵһרΪɺ׼ġǧϹĻתƴǡ
أƴǳĬһƿʵ
ֻ޸Ϲ꣬ȴ֮ȷʵЩɡ
߾ǵֻֻǿһƤң黭Ȼᣬǲͨ
ֻΪʮǱݵ˾衣
ԼζҽΪʲôܹ뵽ֽͺڻҩЩ
ڵѪ֤ǧ΢ԥһ±˵ң⡣Ļش¾ãֻ
ҲϣǡƴǺζ˵仰
𵱳λɶ˵Ļ˵Ǹ˵Ѿֻ챻˸ˡ
ѵν񱻸ģ
ʵֻûȥʲô˷ǴֱߵĹǵѣȴûзκεΪǵǻġ
û뵽ݷ㾹Ȼĳߡ
ԭǵѵ֮ǷֹĸģֻҪһľ롣һǵѣôһǵз
ɴݷҲ֪ˡ
ݷֻ֮ﵽ˷УȻҵ
ڵֻڴŽݷ̸ݡ
֪ҿν࣬˵һ¡
ӦľԶ
ϵҴߣһٵĸԼϹһж޹أֻ֮ǰ˺¶޹ء
һȤĹ£˵ΣͳʵɤƽȴִһĨ֮
һһ뵽ֻĶУȴǸֻһֲõԤС
ĵһ²Ӧ׷ΪʲôҪȥ˷
ΪҪǣö˶˵ϣôͻȻ뵽Ҫ˸йȥź
ƴǲûֻĻشߵǰ㿴۾һѾ˯ӡһһδޣúƯкܶϲδΪûãΪδϲԼԾ̻ܵߵɳȥפءεʤս
ΪδȴѾǰˡ
ֻ΢յĽ˶̫Ӻö˶˵ĸҪ˵Щ
Ȼȴû뵽ľפھǵĳʱȴδޣǻ˼֮ס֮ռһҫ;û´ͻ顭
Խ˵Խǲ̫ӾҪʲôˡ
ֻĵšδںȥʱ򣬳ûˡʧ˰֮áĻ䣬ȡԼȻû뵽ǣȡԼ֮δޱֻˣһվ
ǰߡ
µ򲻶԰
ֻ۾һ±˫ȴ纣˫ƺһ񷡣
ǱΪʲôͻȻȥԭ򣡡ƴǾֻ֪û˯
ʲô˼Ѳ˵ֳһֻ
㡭𣿡ƴǲûֱ˵ǷʵŶ¹㾲ֻϡ
ֻüһ£漴ֱƴǵأ
ƴҪֻ׻ʵ˵û˼ˡ
˭Ҫ𣿡ֻͣһ£ֽʵ
ڽֳһһģһҳԼֻŮˣǸϹһμӵġ
ϹʲôĿģǾ˵ƺһ°
Ϳ˳µİֻ
㲻Ҫ߱㲻ֻƴ˳Ũܵβ΢΢գһ£źۼĲһ¡
ֻ룬֪Ͳȥݷˣȥһˡ
ԣҲǣֻɴ䡣
ƴ仰ȴЦˣ˭
ֻةฮǧֻֻʵ˵Һͬͬգ
һģһֻ֪֮ǰ飬ϸ֦ĩڵĳ̶ȣƴȻǲŵġ
̫ӣȷʵҳһֱֻĿƴǡ
֪Ҫƴţ͵ȡϹǸŮ˾жˡ
ϣ㳤úһģһһͬͬգƴȴץ˹ؼ㡣
ԣҳϣֻ룬û취ıġ
Ҳȷʵ֣ûʲôġ߱ǴʲôطģΪʲô֪ôֻ֮ǰ¡ΪʲôҪһֱðֻ

274 ɱϹ

үȥһ鷿Ϲ׼ߵܹܹȴϹǰص˵
ϹüΪ¡
Ǹܹܹȥ鷿
ϵǸֻô£ֱӿżɽѯʵ
ʣʵҲ𣿡Ϲһ£׻ϵ˼
ΪةѪΪʲôܺǸֻڣ˵š
Ϲһ·Ӧʣˮֽţ
ȻأϷʵ˵ɣô¡ֻԲԣ
ϹһֱΪˮֽŵĻ̫ӣȴû뵽ԼʡʣϵֻȷʵةฮǧֻǶӴ԰µһòĶֻһģһֲŻ޷ֻ֤òϹʵ
Ľ˵˳
еȻڲһЩҪݡ
ϾȻгһģһˣҲʮֵĲ˼顣ǣҲšϹ˵ֽ˵ʵ˼ҲǺֵ˼һһʼֻ뽫ϸ굱ֻ߶ѣΪ˰
ԸԲŻ²ߡ
ĵ˵ͷ˫Ϲȴζֻһٵֻѿɣ
վںľǰϹʹͷŴû˵㵱Ϊʲôֻ֪ôܻԵ޹ʵʧ٣ةڱܹʥ׷ֻ㣬Ҳûֻ
һ¡ܶ飬һֱǿƲ˵ƶѡϹɫЩ飬Ҳʵĳˣǣʵڡʲѵϸ꣬Ҫ˵һ£ȴû뵽ֻȻˣҲ
ҲҲƻˡ
˭˵ûҵΪǸ˭
仰Ϲ𾪺;ȣͬʱҲų˳
ʼȻ鶼֪Ǿ˵ʿ϶֪һЩ֪顣
ʣǸ滨ֻ
֮ǰ޸ȥôŮˣһҪȴƫƫһ檡ǡǸ檵ĺֻһģһ˵ʱɫȴʱԽء
ǡҲֻ޵һ²⡣Ż˵
ʣǸ滨Ůӿ϶ֻɣΪ뿪ʱǧ湫ӵҺݳκ˵ӡϹʮֿ϶˵
ֻҽ𣿶ҶƸҩʮֵľͨȴͻȻʳôһ仰
Ȼᣬδҽ飬ôܻᡭϹֻôͻȻʳôһ仰
Ǹ滨ȴǻҽһֱϹĵãԱ˸ְ취ȻϹҩ飬
ǸһԺͽ䱸ʮָߵսүҩȻһܵ顣
ʱȴһСϢһ˶ҩʮֵóƳһƿϹҩ
ȻյĽǣҩˣȴ͵ˣ֮ΪȱһζҪҩģûɡ
룬ҩ϶ǱСĵպãôܾͻȻأ
Ϊƫƫһζҩ䲻أ
ΪϹ֪滨£ԲŻôġ
ô᣿ϹüͷǲҽģǸ滨ҽĻǾ˵Ǹ滨ǻֻ˵޲´ˣ޸ҿ϶϶ѾҵֻˡֻߡȻĵһӦɣӦ𾪲ŶԡҴͷβϹδѯʹֻ
ʧٵȥʲôط
̫ӣ֪Ļ̫ӾͰɱϹֻƴã˫һһ˵仰
ƴΪʲô
ΪֻĮ˵仰
ӣƺܺΪ˱ƴû뵽ֻȻҪ󣬶飬ƺҲ˳ޡ
ֻҪ̫ɱҲὫһж̫ӣҲǻĸԸ̫ӵߣ̫ӵŮˣֻѿЦ˵
Ƿǳջˡ
ս޲ʤаɱ˿ɲֹһҲɱɱô׵£ƴ˫ֻϣϸϸĿšɱװԻԶˣβʱоǡ̫֮ǰҪڻҩǸڻҩʮֵΣգвᱻըġֻӴһ浭Ц
ţһƵ˵š
ƴǱ˫ֲɵĽ˽ֻɱϹֻ˵һʱǹô˵ġ֮ǰ㻹ܽ㣬ȴҪɱǲֻ˵Ϲ㻹ǺܲġƴϵȻһƬƽɫȷʵԽİ
ڵͫ׸һ˲˲Ķֻ
ĲĻΪʲôҪһ٣ٶأ㵽ֻ̫ĻɷƵ
ƺһ䣬㽫֮ǰĵεȫˡ
Ҫɱ͵һ˵ɡ˵ֻΪµǸ˲ϹˣԲŻ˵Ļ
̫ӣҲϹ޵ǸֻϹȴҵֻޡҶɱĵıҲҵһƷ͸̫㡣ֻĿƴǵ˫˵
̫ӣֻҪɱҾ˵س
ǡĳ벻ƴǱĴһߣңسɲ˵ġ
ѵһɫľű㱻ƴصĹϡ
ҪɱȻҪɱ
ƴǵ˫ֽ߬סȫļһ̽һ㣬һ̾Ҫڱ
ֻǸϹϹԲŻҪɱ
ĺԲҪɱ
ӡµӰʱϢĳƴǵдЩ糾͵ζ
ȥһ˴԰鵽ǸһϸġǲϸġģͲö֪ˣΪû
ϸꣿ
ǣ˵ڰǰѾһλˡ԰ĿˣʹõǼݣֻд԰˲֪Ŀǰ»ûв
飬һҪǸϸ˭ƴ˫ųɽͫһƬ׳ա
ǸǲϸŮȻǸŪ÷Ļġ
Ϳ϶֪һЩ顭
ǡ¸׼ȥƴȴʱֿڵɤĵͳƣȥһϹҪֻǲֻֻϹˡ

275 һλ

ǰϹջص±㽫Ϲ뵽й
ȥ̫ӣε̫ˡ
ڽůҹķҲôˣ¹һл۵̲ݣԤʾŴ١
̫ӣԷϹϵı֣ϹϹƴ̫ӣϹվɫ޳Ӱ˵
أƴתͳȻʵ
ϹĬһЩǲ²⣬ʼնû֤ݣϹԳϲС
ķ֤˭㱨ĳ𡣡ƴһʼ֪ϹǴġ
Ҫ֪˭ܼ򵥡ƴãȥԼãҲǲȥ˵Ůܹ֤˭֤ݡƴǱһһ˵
̫ӸϹЦ˵
ҲȻƭȥˡƴǱϹѿ࣬ҪĿľ֪ϵֻĻǼٵġ
ϹٴһЦ漴ݵ̫ӣϳֵľֻ
֮ǰɲô˵ġƴϵɫδԾƽʵ
̫ӣҲΪû̫İգԲŻ̫˵˻š㽫һ𶼸̫Ӱɡ漴Ϲһһϣ㽫·ϱõĹٵĸƴǡƴ꣬ϵԾûʲô仯˫ųɽͫȴתһ£Ϊ˺嶨ԼҵһֻһģһһŮ˹ȥȴ
УϹִҪȢֻŽƾͼƣֻʾˣֻȴ͵͵ĲǰʱһᱻϹ֣Ϲٵֻ飬ǱֻֻܽһˣҲʲԱǧ湫ӳûةฮ
ֻȡϵѰʵĻ뿪Ϲ
ֻû뵽ǸٵֻȻֱ͵ǧ湫ӵҺһµˣھҲ֪ʲôط
Ϲ˵ű̾һϻһĨߡ
ٵֻȻı£ƴһü
СǸ¶ͷżСټ˰аñϹ˶ͬʱҲҲʲô£Ϊ۵ﶼܺܿµĻ
֮ǾΪݱС޼ҿɹ飬ǿ
ЩǧС㣬뿪ߵūţԷǸ⡣
ΪϹ仰ƴԽţֻˡ
ʵɣǸ滨С˵ģϹ滨һҲׯʶģϹ㽫滨ҡҹ滨֮ǰݣĵһɷսɳɾϹӪС֮ͱϳżҡֻصңʱڴһɵӣǸɵӳ
ĸͼ޸Ǹɵӡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôͻȻһ𣬽½ķӸûˣҲջٵķҵʬ塭
֮滨ϹҲׯһĻЩҹոġ
ԽԽк⡣
˼ǣ滨ѾǳˣǸٵֻ滨»ص˾ǣڲׯϹϹ˵ЩʱƴǵɫһƬ
ԡϹᶨĵ˵ͷ
ΪʲôҪ»صأΪϹĳ֮ΪʲôҪأƴϹǺϹһʲôĽ͡Ϲ룺滨ֻصϹֻһֿܽͣǾϲϹΪʲôҪܣֿܽͣһûܣһֱϹˡڶ
־ϹֻϹȻڿ˵Żֻʵϣֻ޺Ͱǲġ滨޷ԼݣϹҲ˵ġ滨ֺϹǺֻģ
ĺãֻʱģϹպıԲŻٴܡ
˵ĺеƴ꣬ζ˵һ仰
Ϲóʱֻİڱ档
ֻȻҲףὫ˵Ļ档
֪ԼֻҲû취Щ˽һж֮⣬

һ籾뿪аҲպǰȥ塣ԱĹԼао·ߣʱ򱾹ĶаӿΨһһλᣡ
ƴٴ߽ʱ򣬺ֱ˵ĶŴϵֻ˵
ʲô˼㲻˵ɱϹףᣬԼȥɱʱͳɱа֣˴ڱߣҲˡƴŨ޻òһƬһȫ
ڵʴɢ
ֻһǷǾô˵ˡ
ֻ֮ŵͷϣ۾׼˯
һȻڵ飬ȫûκεĵǺͽš
ͺɱͬһֻϰô򵥡
ûʧܵĽһĮں
ֿȥĮҪĺ䡣
ƴǿҪ׼˯ȥֻʵ
̫𣿡
Ȼᣡƴֱӿڵ
ûҪôҪôͬھִֻһǷһֺɵ˵
ҪôҪôͬھʮְ
ȷʵѧҵǧС˵Ļ
ΪϹӵĽų̱ȽϿһ·ܿ˹ٵ˵˵죬ƴ˵
̫ӵĶаľӿˡ
ֱ̫סվаľվӪկ
ֻſڣһһӪʰεض𣬿ȥ쳣׳ۺ¡
ֻһδԽʱ򣬿ıһӪʡ
ƫܽһӡлƵӪС
ֻһϵĻᣬɹĻҲûˡƴ䡢ͳɤֻĶ˵
˭˵ģ컹ûڣһһϵʱ䡣ֻɫǲΪȻ˵š
ϸǿκεĽţһ˳ᢣϹѾ֮ӡ
ҪазŻֱúڻҩըЩƴҲԹѯֻҪɱϹֻȴʼձ̸ܶ
ʱڿɣֻȴǸƴһش𣬾͸ʲôһ㡣
˵֮
ֻԷĽڣܵվִӻͳ֧ǵѣᴵ
ûһһµݷֻǰ
СĴôݷһ⿪ϰݸֻһĵ˵һˣұ뽫ꡣֻ򿪣ȷҪĶû֮󣬱ʮƶּᶨ

276 è

ǡݷȴǹǵ˵һ˫üţƺֻܲҪ´Сȥɡ
㡭ֻ´һݷЦɲУ˶ϲĽСŮˡ
¿ԵġݷȴЩеĶֻ˵
ݷ˵Ťһ֫Ҳ¶һܵı飬ֻ㿴ݷ֫ȻС߶С
һݷֻ߱һˡ
ԭϵǼ£ڴʱҲԵЩˣŮѵһ㡣
㡭Ǵ˵еǹֻϵıʮֵ𾪺;棬ͶֱŴһO͡
ڵϿһ˽ԼСС·
ۿݷ㽫ԼĹͷŮӵıܲأ
Ҳ֪䷢ֵġݷԼĺףҲһƬɻ
ֻ֮ǰĻ
ɵֻݷգܾӦþ˰ɣ
Ȼʲôҩܹʵ͸оأ
µĴǷǳʵģҲûзκβȻĵط
ݷӦûݲŶԣ
С㣬ôˣֻסյݷԵЩţϵıҲԵȵġ
ûʲô㵽ڻûлָ֮ǰݷѾ˻ָˣôôˣûǰ顣
ݷҡҡͷûС
ðɡֻЩεʼ磺𣿡
ڲˣǵĹеܶѡݷѾûаܵıˣҲȽϴݣǿܵӡ
ֻݷӣһֻֻǰһֳֻ°ͣһ˼ǵӣ˵ǺãǾôˡ
ɫɫҲʱĵҹգһص˪
Ϲ볯̫ȻⲻҪһ
ƴڰ֮󣬱ǰȥӪϹϹǰվ硣
ʱˣʣµľˡƴվοյĴǰϹԼϹѾվſڣȻתֻ
ֻҲȥֻǿһ۱Ṵ´漴ƴͷ
㵽ҪôӽϹҪôɱ𣿡ƴһʵ
ЩĴɱʤʵ벻ֻڷ¶֮⣬ʲô취ܹɱϹ
̫ӣģҿ϶۵ġֻȻδƴǣҪôɱϹɱ֮Ҫȫˡ
վȻȲûʹϯͻȻȲûʹƲ˶ѷ˺ܶࡣ
ⳡϯֻ̫ӡϹϹˣһСۣҲҪô¡ء
ⳡȻȻľΧһЩºս档
ÿ˶˵Լļ⣬Ҳ˵ͷͷǵҲе
ϹҲеĵ˵ͷһ˵˼仰
ȻƹѲֻӰûг֣һжûʲô׵ĵط
ĸŮûп֮ϵľƲҲû⡣
ƴʵ벻ֻҪôɱ
ʱƴǵĶߵ˼䣬ƴ˵ͷһЦҪҪаү飬ȥϢɣ
֣ʲôҪҲȻ⣬ƴǾͣһԸ뿪ģ
ƴᣬɫȴΪ棬Ҳɷ
ݣǶһЩҲ֪صģֻò鲻ԸѾ뿪ˡ
Ӱһ߳䣬ſڹơ
漴ڵĹ߱һ°ȥڵһ±
ƴҲֻ֪Ҫʲô
һ滺𣬱һƮݡˬ·ŮӣŤϸ֫è΢ЦŮ˽
ͬڵ̨һ㣬ſһֱߵϯУڶϯе񻥶֮󣬱²ŶԸеè˳ȥ
⵹ϯϵЩ¡
űеڶŮӣŲͬ·˽ͬèϵıͶһ
Ů˵ò־ɫǲһľϵ
ǹеﻹƽգĹ֮Уû˵
ÿһŮϵ񶼲һǺܿ죬˱ҳһͬ㡣
ų˳ЩŮϵԽҲ١
⡭ѵǳһɫϹӣЩŮӻԸСġ޵ĴԼǰ߹չʾԼ˵΢Цͺġ
ټ滺ҲȷʵɫһĿĸо
ȸղЩ赸Ҫ˵
ƴǴӿһŮӴſʽӱ·߽֪֮һжֻ⡣
ϹʣƴֻṴ˹û˵
ȻƴȴѹԵǻ׼ġ
ǡ
ʲôʱʼ׼ģ
ϵ·ЩèŮӣҪʱȥ׼ġ
ūҲڸող֪Ļص˵ǻҪ̫һϲԲûи̫ӵġ
ϲ׼ϲҲҪһʱ䣬Ǵ쵽죬ûзֻʲô
Ȼֻ׼
˵ЩŮϵ·ôﶬݵĻһʼ߽ŮǴŶ·֮죬֮͵졣
·һһ٣ȹҲһһȹڵĳҲԽԽ̡
Ȼ˸еֵǣЩẓܱ́ܶ·û뵽һֲĴ
һֺԸУһֲһĸо
¶ֱۺͳȣ΢ؿڣ˾ԭÿŮ˵߶ǲһġ
Ǹıһ˼룬ΪŮ˷Ϊ·ĺû·ġ
ڵ֣Ů˴ÿ·ΪԼÿЩŮӵ·ĳװƷ͹ĸ
ͷһƴƽ̹ȻЩԼǰ߹Ůӡ
ͬʱȴðһֺìܵ뷨
ֻܵŸ߳Ϊó֮˿ӡ
ֻϣӵֻһ˿Կ
ԽǵЩŮӵΪ㿪ʼ΢Цơ
Ǹշǣ֮Ǿֱߵϯλϣϵĵķг꣬չֱǰľƱͺ
Ȼһ񣬱ŤԸеĲˡ
һūţԿóе˼
ЩŮӷרΪ׼õġ
ֻǴ˼
뵽ƴǵıԽĸԿóԽŮӣòľԽÿ
̫ӣɻδıݡŸ桢ÿ·ǰһȦȻͻȥġϹȻѾЩˡҪЩŮ̫ˣһǵ㵽ΪֹˣģȫȤȻڴһλֵļ

277 ¶

Ϲ仰˵꣬ڵһ¾ͺʱϯһƬڰ֮С
ͬ书ˣ¶飬עܣһʱӰ˼÷С
ŵղûгãȴѾֹͣȴٴˡ
ʱſ߽һɫӫŮӣ޳ϸ˫ȵ˽
ʲô
˶¶˺ɫȴԾɴŽ䱸ġ
߽Ůӣθ޳ԸС
һŮҪࡣ
ȻıȴǼΪĺãûиһ׳ʵĸоһǾ޺;̾
Ů϶ɢŹͺǴ߳ľһ㡣
λŮӺ֮ǰŮһͬԸУŵè
Ȼǰ˵ĸоȴγĶԱȣǰŮߣ𺳸С
˾裬˫ĿȫŮӣҪϾʲôʲôȻȫ
˲ֻֻûôߡ
Ůӵ߽ڵĵƱֿʼһյյĵ
ߵƴǸǰʱȫŮϵ
˵ŮдΪ¶һȴȻḡĸо
ʶʲôԸ
ϴŵһûƴ϶ɵĨȹ
ȹӵĳȵȵλãϥǶһξ룬ȻҲΪ¶˫Ըжֱֱ
˶ΪŮĵطӦ΢ؿڣ浴һƬ⣬
û뵽Ůһ˫޳ֱ˫ȣҪ΢ؿڻҪˡ
ĨȹȴʮֵĴ󵨣ͬҲÿŮ˶ܹġ
Ҫһ£ϸ޳ģȻӲĽĨȹ̣ˡ
λŮӵòһ˵ĸоģҲ崿ˡһŮ˵ݴʶϡ
ⴴһݴݡ
˵жҲκһʵݴݡ
òǽ˵Ů˵֮ģìܵݴʱںһ
ޡ߼
覵Ľһ
һ
ǰŮӷֱƴǺϹ˲ַͬá
ȻλŮõľϹˡ
ߵϹǰʱޡ߼ŮӱһϹľƱС
֮ƱһСڣ̬ŵĵݵϹߡ
ǻŮӣǧĵġŮӽƱ˹ʱ򣬵ʹϹһ㡣
Ϲ٬ԸվԼǰ޶˵ϴһĨ߹Цݡ
ĨЦݲֺãҲǿķӭһ
Ϲǲ˼ľͽӹŮӵݹľƱͷȥ
֮ǰķƺǰվǰʱ̼߽ˡ
ںⱭ֮ǰλŮӲҲȺһ
ŮӿϹⱭƺ֮޵ĴṴ˹漴תҪ뿪
ʱϹȴץסŮ֬Ůӵüͷ΢ɲ塣
ʲôϹŮӵ۾ҫűǳҪ˸ĹٲȻѾȫŮӸˡ
ŮջԼ󣬲ûлشϹ⣬Ǽè
ǸϹĶˣһֱ׷ŮϣֱſʧϹþҲûջԼߡ
滺ŵͣˣһλָ֮ǰƽ
Ȼ˵ȴþöûƽ·ղŵһжһΰ㡣
֪̫Ǻ⣿ǰղǶôõĻᣬӶУ˾衣
Ҫֻʱ֣ʤϡ
ȴû뵽ˣֵŮȴϹ
Ϲʳ仰ɲѯƴ⾿ô¡
ƴҲֻ֪ڸʲôȻȻĽĿԵ
̫ӵĻǻ̫Ӻү׼ıݡȻȻΪűֶλү֪ЩУλүԼǵģ
׼ҵŮ˭Ը⴩ӣǰأ
ȻЩŮǹ̫Ӻүõġ
أƴϹϹϿһۣ֮ʵ
ڳأЩ˶ǻ׼ġ
仰һƴǺϹɫ˲˱䡣ԼͬԼղųԹĶ
ЩȾȻǻ׼ģ
ǻ׼ģ
ǰȻûע⵽ƴǵɫѾ˱仯һϲ˵š
ƴû˵תǧķ
ֻ֪ûڷʲôֽţǵĿǰΪֹǶδʲô
ȻܿƴǱֻΪҩʱ
Ȼܹһ֪İ취ôȻ϶һԲİ취
ղŵıһĳֹϵ
ǧֱվ̫ӣʱˣǸûȥˡ
ֻûڷֽţҪһڵȻȵ֮󣬿¾ˡ
ҲãջҪ·ЩЪϢҲǺõġƴȻͬ⣬طǲٴˡ
ϹȻзʲô˼ͣ޵ŮϣΪ̫ӻʹ͸ղЩݵŮء
Ϳ̫ҪŮˡ
̫ӾȻҪֱӽⳡϯ
ȻϹѾ뿪ϯλǲߵĻЩϹˡ
Ϲߵżʱȴӭֻ
ֻжһ̣Ϲ¶һĨЦݣүҪĶȥ
ǧֻһۣȻǳ˵Цݣ֪ʵһ¶ȶûеġ
ûлشֻĻ㾶ֱҪֻ߹
ֻҲûκ˼ÿһȻƽȴĴ뵽ǧĶУ֪ү뻨¶Σ
ǧһסˣ˵ʲô
ֻǧλȥЦЦŵɫ״Ļ¶
лǧſʵ
ûгԳ
ǰϾǻֻЦŻش漴˫¿һϹ
Ҿûζţ̵ζסˡ
㡭𣿡ǧһ˫Ŀֻ
Ȼĸ¶ˣֻⶾûκá
ȻֻѾҪҪĴ𰸡
үʲôѵ⻨¶ó𣿡ֻЦŶϹ˵
ôʱˣһӦûУԡϹ
ϹȥĶأ
ΪʲôҪñðϹأ
ֻ˵㳯λϵƴȥһƬЦ⣺̫ӣ⻨¶Σ
Σ뻨¶ѾˣõءڳԵʱ룬ʲôģ񼦵һڵζȴȻͬ

278 

ʱȻҲģȴδ⾹Ȼǻģһζûг
ܲģƴ˵
ǰֻ˵ͷֽ֮ԵϹ֮ʲôû˵
ܺãҪ֪Ѿõ֤ˡ
ֻʱôƽȴһľĸо·Ѿһа㡣
ǧʶĲɳƴǵȥƴȴǸһ޲
̫ӣϯôɢѵǸղŻΪ̫׼ıݲʣֻ㳯ȥ
Ϲֻ۾ɵֻɨһۣһձһůˣ˺ص·¡
ֻʮֵȫQĸ¶˳
ū澲μүֻϹһ΢Ц
ղŵıݶǻ׼ģϹԽԽǾûĺֻư
ϲɵ¶һĨɻɫ
ǰ֪үϲֻŽĵɤЦʵ
ƺڴϹĻشһ㡣
Ϲ֪ΪιЦһ£ȻϲǳȤϴ·ǱĲãĿ
͹·ÿѵū澾ѡЩŮûүϲģֻŴݵͬϹ˵š
ô᣿ղЩﶼܺÿһλϹ˵⣬ɵ˫ƺŮӽоƱ˹ʱ龰
ֻЦһȻϲΪⱾǰϲΪġ
Ϊһ֮
͸һŮ
ôʱˣôʱˣܸõҪʱˡ
͵Ϊԭһ°ɣ
ǲˣǳ𡭡Ͱ˰ɡ
ү˵ĿСֻ¶һĨЦݡ
ŶԭСϹ¶һ˿Ȥֵʺǲ
ǾΪӸһкС
̫Ӻаûϲأֻʵ
ƴ仰ɫȴһ˰ֻ֪治֪Ǽٲ֪
Ȼ⡣
վſڵǧҲû˵
ѵūˣūֻһ·۳ͶٵģЩŮ̫Ӻүú÷һ¡ֻί˵仰
뵹ūЩˡֻ˵õЩίˣ̫𷣡
ֻ˼Ѿˣõľ˼ơ
ҲǵһƬ⡣׼ıȷʵܾʡȻаүѡһԼǵĹɣֻҪľ仰
ȴ֪ΪʲôܾЩ֡
ֻ˵ҪɱϹ
Ѳ˵ԣֻ԰ţ˵ɱϹ
̫ӣˡûϲáǧֱĮľܾˣѾֻı
֣ˣֻһλúźѡϹȴ˵һ
Ů˾ЩӭȢȥŮˣһЩŮרŹԷйġ
Ĳţô꣬ϹûгҹκһŮˡ
ֻһҹ
вź͹ˡǧ˵仰Ҫߡ
ŶԭүðֻȴˣūܹЩ֪ĻЩΪү׼ˡ
ϹаһЦͻȻȻ
ôû뵽أ
ˣֵʢ꣬ôܻûǷأ
һõƷʣǲûģֻܹܺõĿסԼѡ
֣ѹ߻һôС̫ࡣѵ֮ǰĴŶģϹζ˵š
ֻʮ˽һ˵
Ȼķ̼ǧ
θɣǧ˵ɫµ˫ͫٲȻѾȼһĨŭ
κһ˵˵ǶǷ治еĻ϶߳ŭġ
ǧȻҲ⡣
ֻֻǵһЦǵõ紫ŵʱǸϹֻ΢΢һЦֵĺǷƵ
ȻϹȴʮֵ
ǡඣֻԲ
ʱǧ˫ĺֻ̳ɨӹȥ
֣ʵҲûʲô֪ü󳼼ﶼȦСأϹôܻŹôõĻἥϹϹѿء
ȿȡǧеŭԽʢʱƴȴʱʱһʵЦˣүǾͲҪڿаЦˡȥ廹һ·̣ҹģаȷʵӦ˶źЩ̫ɲ˵ġӸղŵЩ
ѡһɡ
ƴ˵⻰ʱ˫ԨĿǧ
ǧܿܵƴͫеѶϢǺãǾɣ
ֻ⻰¶һĨȣүūֻһū澣
ǱƫƫˡⲻҪ
ҪҪôɱ
ֻЦΪʲôѲΪҵ˺ͻСԭ򣿡
仰һڣԭѾתߵϹٴν䵽ֻϣɫһƬ̽ɻ
ǧƴǵɫȴ΢΢һ䡣
̶ƴǱ׹ܹ⿿һ˾ͽֻϳˣϹȻҲܡ
ֻô󵨵ֱ˵ѵͲ±Ϲϳ
ȷʵ񣡡Ϲζ˵һ仰֮ǰǸ滨ңҲΪ˺ͻԵʣ
Ļôƣɺϵº
һȫˡ
󲿷˵ĶǴڻģûʲôɫ
ΪûʲôɫԲԱϡ
ֻ˾Ϊ̫ɫԵһЩȽϵ·ǿһӰܹ˱ϳ
ô˵Ҳûȷʵеģһū澣ܹǧСȡƴ赭дһ仰ʱĽϹĻɸѹˡ
ȻаϲǱ㽫ʹ͸аˡ
һжֻ֮еģǵ̫˵仰ʱֻȴ¶һĨΪ𾪵
ʲô˼ǰ˵аѾ̫һʽף͸̫ˡ
̫ȴֵڽʹ͸аˡ
⳵ʵ̫ˣӦ
ȵֻǧҲȵˡ
⵽ʲô˼ǹֻӽĻᣬΪʲôҪֱ˵ʹ͸Ļ
үصλСҲ͸ˡƴ𴽽ǵһĨȣˬʵЦ
Ϲ˺ǸˣһεĸֳС޵òԸģ˫ȡ
ҹɫŨأһˮĲˡ
ʱλںԣվżĸߴӰΨһܹΪˣһɱʧܣǶκ֪ǵݡҹˮںһҹɫԵüΪ亮

279 ɱ

ģǱűľġվҹߵӺǴֿ׶˵ţɱаҲҪڻҩȫ
һνƵӪлȥʱֻһܣӪеĳȥĲࡣ
Ծо֧ϹϹսĿס
ΨһͬǣȴֶһֽһӼס
ֻǰϸϸĿţȻ֮İУϹӦöЩ׶˸
ʱƿϹ˽
ֻûлعͷǼ֧ϵֽ˵˾״˵Ҫ֮ڴ壿Ű
ôΪϹվֻ󡣹ųɽֻͫ˫ֽϵ˫֡
ԽԽůˣѾתĲˡ
ûսҲûȥսô֪õأϾʱ·̾Ҫʮˡ
ܹȵִĸٶȣҪǶԸһСĹң˹ȥСʱͽˡ
أֻ˵һתͷ۾ֱӵĿǰϹûһ˿
˭Ϲʵ
Ϲֱֻӵ˵һ仰
Ϲ۾վǰ
ҪϹˣֻṴ˹ⶫɲġǸʵԭ򣬲ܹͻȻҽκõĿܡ
Ϲ仰ɫ˫׳һƬԨҪɱ
㲻ϹˣֻȴûлشϹ⡣
ϹĬһ˫ԣҲǡǴ쿪ʼҲϹ𣿡
һֱڻ㣬ֻǴҵõ֤ʵѣѾȷ㲻ϹˡΪ뻨¶иûлֻǹ˵Ķѡ
үиҪҪԱʱҼٰһϹ˵
ȻֻȴṴһ´æżٰ糯̫𣿡
Ϲ΢΢һ㶣ɫ¶Щľ죬漴㱻һĨЦȡ֪˵ʲô𣿡
ܹϳҵ壬ȻҲϳġֻȴǸһش
ңֲû̫ӵ塣΢һӾܹ³ˡҲ˳Ծ;ȵġһ˲ŵ飡
ǰүð䳯̫ӣ붼룬˵ȥʵˡ
Ϲֻ仰ɫȴǵһĨЦ⣺㻹֪ʲô
̫ӳҵĻ¶Ҳû¡ֻͻƽ
̫ӻǰаǶϹ
Ȼ֪ģֻȫ֪ˡ
⼸ûʲôˡ
̫ӳ˻أҪ̫𣿡ֻЦһ£ԡҪǷҵҪֻǷģӦȥصǸֻȥҪծڰû뵽ֻҪծʸûУͲ
Ϲ
˵һ仰ʱֻһߣһĨ̵ŭ⡣
ϲ㣬㾹ȻҪɱϹƽĿֻɫûһŭеֻƽΪϲңҾӦñɣҵһУҵһߡǰ˵ҺһŹţ··ž̫ӵݽǿӲˣֻ
ɵ
ҲҪϲҲ뵱ĳȥԼ£ҲһԴÿһ֣ÿһ䶼Ļ
ֻҪϵһʶˣ֪ȥˣû취ʼȫµ
㡭𣿡Ϲ˵ôһ仰
˵ɲǽ֮ǰһȫ
Ҳϲϲҵķʽû޹ءֻһ´ǣɫҲͻȻһĨݾĹ⡣
ûģҲǶһоûС
Ѿµʵݣ
ϱĶ̫ˣֻҪһ򵥵
ǲԸһеǸһͬеǸˡ
Ҫǣ˵ϲƿز˵Ķˡ
ԸʧȥƴǣҲԸһԼƿز˵һ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪һᷢʲô
һɹϵĳϣӵｭɽͬʱҲļ
ⲻܹܾ飬ΪϵһΡ
ϣԼΪڶ󹬼еһ
ͬʱԼ򵥣ϲôӵ鵱С
һΣԲһеŮˡ
ڶξܾ˰ɣһֻľܾһ޿κκͺ¡
ֻѾ֪ݣȴȻѡ˾ܾ
ұһξܾĻҪᶨ;
ܶٴΣҶܾΪǵһʼǴġڵֻĺһ仰ڴʱ˶Եˡ
һһݺʱ䣬¶Ľ
ۡ˭㶼ܾϹٴʵ˵Ͳ˭𣿡
Ҳ֪˭Ҳֻ֪֪ҪǸˣʱʱװɵûʲôõġ
ҲϹȥ𣿡ֻ˵һ仰ܶʿһ㣬ʧȥеĽ
Ҳһ̳뵽˹ȵס
ԭһʼ顣
ҲֻҪ˵һںǲܵġ
Ͼռԭ壬ôܵʲô鶼ûзء
ңҲϹӦˣ
ƴλɸԵʱƴӦòСĽдϹġ
ԷɲŻ˵Ļ
һֱΪ˵Ȼʵ˵ȴϹ
ƴǲŲźֽ
ǲǺţ˵ЩȻܹŹ㣬ߣƴǵɫƽģƺֻ˵Ǿ仰ʱıøƽһƽţ˵֮ǰ˵ϲĻӦüȷľܾҸ˵úҲϣ㲻Ҫ˷ʱ䡣ֻ⣬ֿ
ǰƴǡ
ƴǵɫ΢΢¶һĨȣ֮𴽽ǣ֪ң
Ǹ˵ĸоһǸϹķӦȫĮģһ
Ǳȴ¶ȵġ
ԭҾȻôϤˣƴǵɤ˵š
ֳ̫ÿҪû˫֣Ҳҿ϶
ƴǵһ۴˫֡
Ǵֿһ̿ʼŲ뷨
ɱң֮ƴȴʳ仰
㲻ߣĻġֻԥ˵
ƴٴһ´ǣҺ֪Ҫôɱҡ
ֻһƴǣ䵽ƴؿڵĵطűгһѶ̵ֱӾͳƴǵؿڴȥǶĸϽ䣬ȫûһ˿ԥ

280 ߰

ƴǸûһҪ˼ֻǰذײԼؿڡ
ΪԼֻǲֵģɱġ
Ȼˣһδˡ
һδֵĻ壬һҹ֮ʧȥһС
ڶαֵԼĸо
ΪһжֻֻҪ뿪ĽڣΪֻиġ
ȻΪʲôҪһеľԼ׶Բˡ
ǵǰѷذ״ļʱеʶǴش
ĺҪ뿪ܲԸڽˡ
ȵѪ˳ؿʳѸٵĽؿڵ·Ⱦ죬ȴƲûиоʹ
ΪѾľˡ
ֻ̧ͷǰƴǣ˫¶ͫ¶ȫһ־ȫȻûһܺ;ȵı顣
ֻԽĽذ׳ƴǵдȥһ㡣
ƴǻǴһϣģΪֻԾΪʲô㿪
ȴֻĽ塣
Ҫ
ɫ˫䴽Ĺ漴Ľֻƿٴֻʱ˫һƬͺ
ˡƴһһ˵仰߰ɡ
ּþƴȫһеĲʺͲȫһϵˡ
ӴԺٶֻаֵ롣
ҲǲڴаֵС
ֻûȥȥƴǣ˵仰ֱֻ֮ƿ˳ȥ
ô򵥵֣Ѿƴĳ׶ĺĺˡ
֮߱㲻ͻȻðһˣһֱˡ
ҲڿԼˣ
뿪һԭйص˺¡
ӴԺֻһִŮҽةฮǧֻûκεĹϵ
߳Ӫֻ֮óһֽֽ˵߳ӪأһƬСС
Ȼ˩һƥƱԼװѾװһУϡ
С㣬Ϸû뵽ҪߵľľȻ˵ļ̴ʱ洫˳
ֻɫƽĿ̴򣬱ȴںʱ¶һĨǡ
һҴ̵ĺأǶ׼ؿڡ̴ֻ˵
ļƻֻҪŪϹ̫ӵݶѣҪϹ
û뵽Ӫеʱ򣬲ȴǸֽҸҪ
΢ԥһ±㰴ղ뽻ȥˡ
Сǵү£̴տֻϣҹȫе
ֻȴҡҡͷ¡
ôҽѧ֪ʶǰѧģҪƴǵ಻ߣұߡ
һ
Ȼǵ
ֻҪС㰴Ϸ˵ȥүǲµġүҲԼµġ̴һַźƶ˵
ƴܹΪλ볣˲ͬ
ôľ룬ǲܳġֻղһĻٲȻñҪĿ¡
û˻֪˫ȴסһɱ˵ذףһǲ嵱С
һֱǿװ򶨣װӣȻʵһֱڶȫÿϸÿ񾭶ڶ
ûô¹
̴˵ͷСܹ˵;ĺϷȡҲͬʱϣСܹϷġ
ֻȴЦЦ̴ģҪʲôǰƴ̫ŮӵΡû˭޸ƴ̫ӵģֻƴ̫ߵһŮҲáС˵ЩŮϲƴ̫ӵĵλƴ̫ӵĲŻֻǱ
̴ֻ仰ЩĿֻ
ΪЩȫӵУԲŻᱻôŮϲġ
ǻСΪʲôϲƴ̫أ
˭˵ҲϲֻȴЦ˵ôһɵˣû˻᲻ϲ
ΪʲôС˵ļأ̴ȴЩɻʵ
Ϊʲô̴Լ𣿡ֻȴʵ㲻ڰ뿪ƴǡҲϣƴߡƴ֮⣬е˶ϣƴߡ
ΪԺҪһ֮ģĻʺģŴŵԵġ
ʺλòΪѡģΪѡġ
ݵλѧʶһܲ
ʲôûС
ֻһӰɣֻ˵
СܹЩϷܾȡ̴Ե˵
Ҿһͨˣͨһһ޵ֻҪϸˮͿԣҪôľ춯ءɽ˺ġҵİȫΪһʱļ顣
Ϊ쳤ؾãһȻȴǰܸеϸڡ
˾ôһֵĶ˶ܾȴᱻһЩСϸڴܡ
Ϊ˲УСϸȴǳС
ŮӶţϷȴû뵽С㾹Ȼܹ˵㾭γصĻʵϷ̾ѡ̴Խֻˡ
ֻһжȻܳɾһҵ
ΪŮӵֻȷʵƴ̫ǲһġ
̴ˣֻǱɣԼԼѡûѡŴһ꣬Խ׹ŴŮӵˣ˷֮⣬ûѡء
̴þõĿֻֻܾɢһĨʥĹԡ
Ĩǿɼġ
ϷܹʻСһ𣿡
ʲô⣿
ĲةฮֻС𣿡
ֻһ£޵ŨīգƳڵǣڲˡ
仰˼Զף
ƴŲϵѪؿڣþõվԭأؿڵѪָ˫ԭ޳˫Ⱦ졣
Ҳ֪˶ãƴǱ֣סҹ˫䲻ıһĨ⣬֮İγڵذס
ѪѪעӿѪ㽦ֽϡ
ƴǵһ£ٴεĸоĸо
ѪҺʧһı
Ȼʶȴ쳣
µӪʱٴαƿȻ߽ĲֻҲǲǧ¡
ʿ׵ˡ
үҷʿչ׼ʱȴƴǵմѪؿϡ
Ѹٶһۣ漴ϵĳͳƴɱȥ
䡱һ죬ԭڵ˲䱻һŻûһųĻ˳ŷƿʼ
һ·յվҵ̫ܽӵķ䣬Ҫ̫ӳ
һһѳ㻮ĺܣӦĻᶼûС̫ߵˣһ¶ĺ˷Ը

281 ϵĸɸɾ

ͻıըסӪϹԵЩȡ
˲ԵˣܳӪȥȻʱڵҹһŨ޵Ļ档
Ǻͻҩζ
Լ֪ڻҩʲôطȴȻҵˡ
һըը˴ĺڻҩɣ
ûڻҩҪϹҪȡʤ
⻹δ߾ͳʦδݣ֪˲֪ҪιϹأ
뵽ϹĮаȵ𣬼̶е»صӪС
ʱСϣһƬƬƱУ˸߽Ϲ
ϹһۣȴЦȺȣ
˵ϹԷǾȴеġ
뿪ϯôϵľǲںȵġ
СˣĹӣĴǣһСڣűֵݵϹС
ʱϹһֽӹƱһС֫ƺ¡
ôرΪʲôͲ˵أϹ˫ĿǰСֻ絶㾫覡
ṴСϸ°˵
СṴŴһĨζЦ⣬βһƬ⡣
ֵ֮һƣԼһ֮ݸϹ
Ϲ֮󣬱ֱҪСһ¾ûб
ϸ޳ôôأϹɤ˵
ȴû⣬Ͼͷ⣬رһŮصҲпԭġ
ȻϹ仰˵꣬һ¾ûκʶĵСĸǰ
Ǿƾһȥ˰㡣
Ǹˣ嵱ȻءϹһιȥݷݱ쳣Ż˯ȥϹٲȻǴһĨɱġ
ǻСȴһõİ취ɱǻٵһ
ݷվѵϹϵִӻóһƿֻҩ
⽻ƿҩһҪͿĨϹ
ҩЧ
һж֮ݷ뿪Ӫʡ
ʱҹɫɺܺڣķ紵ȻŴ̹ǵĺ䡭
ֻһڹٵϣ֪Լ˶ãֻ֪Ҫƴĵطˡ
ԶҲڻȥˡ
Ȼ뿪ǸطԽԶľĪĿ
ܸоĳЩİ롣
ͬѸʧļһ㣬Եÿġ
·һ˲䣬ֻʣһ˰㣡
ʲôһɺͲ˭ǸطǸʼնиġ
Ȼףָֻʱġ
һ̿ʼҲԼʱ
һҹ̶̵ļʱڽ糯ʱӿڷ飬ѾϺͳϵĶС
ȥǰȥľӣȻϮˣ̿Ͳ׼ҵ˺ڻҩŵĵص㣬һѻӪը
Ϊ˧аˣһֱԲѡ
ΪҪǣķܴ󣬻ֱӵվվճһǼܡ
Ķ˲٣̫Ӹǲ֪١
˧̡Ӫը±𾪳Ұ˻̿֡
ο⻹ǣ޹ĳ̫ӡ
˿̻ڳϿνŭβʹȥ
ҪֱפӪڵľȫʦس
ĻȻ޴棬СĳЦ
֮мλ࣬˵а߿϶ڹȻһս޲ʤаôܻ˴ĸͷ
ûϽҳڹǰȥ֧ԮҪһټһѩǰ衣
Ϊֻ֮
ȻȴЩּּһǾаûڹ涨ʱڼ壬ôҪ۾֮а
ʼջ϶δаҲΪа߸Ĵ漸ּɵ
ٲʱúõĴһаλҪˡ
ο黹۵˳̫ӣ̫Ӳ֪٣Ҫʲôô
⳯սǳ顣
һҿջУһҹδߵֻʱһͭǰһĽϵҺж
ҺһԼļ룬ָоǱĤסļڿԺһ㡣
ȫжһֻ̣νǳһȻͭԼʱ
ֻȴЦˡ
Ȼҩֶҩʴʱ̫ˣһʱǻָˡ
ˡһ̵ݷԼİ
ֻ㽫Ŵ˿
վݷ㿴ֻʱһ£ǾЩţǽбһĨۣС㣬
ŵˣֻȴǷƵ˵š
ʱ͸ഺڳഺŮһ㣬ھºÿȴҲֲഺ
ӵνһ⻬ɾƤûС
ѿҲˣʮֵˡ
ƺеĵط֤ΪԭҲͨ죬ͨġ
ûСݷҡҡͷűֵⶼΪҺԭ򣿡
ţݶк֢֣˵ʲôҺˡȫë׶סʱӴˮ֣治֪˶ٵĶء
ʲôݣݷЩɻ˵š
ֻһͲ˵ִĴʻ㣬ڵҲݵ˼
ݷƶǶĵ˵ͷС㣬¶˵ȥˡǸҩʲôã
ò˶ãͻ֪ˡֻȴǶͭṴ´Ц
ϹһֱΪ˽ȴ֪ж˽
֪Ϊ˽˵ݸľǲܺȵġ
κڵĶҪԶ
ֱӽҩͿĨݷĴУ֮Ϲںݷȹľƣ֪Ľ뵽Ϲڡ
ȻⶾһʱǷ˵ģǾǱԵģһֶҩС
ҲȵϹʱѾˡ
ݷɫ¶˼Ĩԥ֪òýֻ֪
ôˣֻ͸ͭݷɫʵ
֮а
ݷ㣬ҼȻ뿪ˣôһ鶼޹ˣҲҲ֪ݷĻδ˵ֱֻ꣬ӿڴĻ
޷˵뿪ʱѾ¶˾ġ
ȻҪϣҪϵøɸɾ
뿪ˣȴĬĬĹעһУʼշŲ
ΪʲôҪ뿪أΪʲôҪĥԼأ
ҪôߣҪôߵӰ٣ǴԶʧһ
ӴһŹţ··κεĹϸ;
ݷֻ˵Ҳе
аȻˣӦòʲô¡
˵ˣûС㵣ġ
︺
Ա㲻˵˰ɡʮڳʿĹͬѰҵ־̫ˣȻ̫ȴһմʲô֪ˡ

282 Ҫڵ

صаҲһֱδѹΪҪǣϹȴʱһشš
ԭϹȻж֮񱣬֮ǿߵ̴ӣ̴֮ӱڣҲʱıڸס
Ϲȴ̶ʮУڽűǺף򿴹֮˵˻
һϹĶ֮סˣֱָ϶챻Ǹ̴ӸȾġ
˧ûѣϹȴֵ˻ϵ֪Ϣ֮󣬿νǲȻŭ˾ͽϹӵ˱𴦡
Ӫ˸뿪ȴҲûϹعǶûء
һ׮׮һģ޲ǴĴѹ˾ʿ
ҲԶǧ֮Ρ
һʱνǵȵףҲǳΪʷʧΪص¡
ԶھǵĻǷżϹһֱԲѣϹಡ
ڣպڣ
ֻܻһˡ
ȻΪ˧Ϲʼղѣⲻɵû϶˸˧ͷ
һ˧ܹġ
οЩȫϹһѵġ
̴վһһǰһʱ䣬ݹѵ΢üͷ
̴ǰҸѾصգʱûκ˵Ļɣǡ
ӵһֱѡ
ȴҡҡͷǰһ̾һǲڵȥˡ
漴ת߽ӪС
ϰһˣһɫɴʼϹĴסɫµĴһƬ԰ףû˿Ѫɫ
ӣˡŴϵƴ˵㲻ڵˡ
ϵ΢΢գգ۾ǲδ
Ҫǻڵڶǰˡʮ춼ȥˡ˵
ֻԽԽԶ
ΪǸǧȥ˳ĻҲˣΪǧߴδֹһŮӡƴǵ书˵ƴǣ̿ҲƴǵĶ֡
οʱѾʱĸϵˡ
ȴװصӣһֱԲѡ
ףﵽǶֻĴһ˿ģΪڵ֪ЩϢ֮
ҲֻĻǽֻȻûڻˡ
仰˵֮һֱ˫ƴǱ۾Щնǰ
ӣǧѾٰ̫ӻ˳ڹþͿճĶõҲڵôõʱˡĳ˵
ƴǽŴ漴һ˵ΪʲôҪңûеͲڵ¡
̴֪ƴһִŵˣִڵֻ顣
ҪŪֻΪʲôҪȣ
ΪҪ־뿪ӣǰ㣬ΪΪϹ֪㲻Ϲ˶֮ҲûˡͲҲûǸɻһ
ɣӵĺãһжԴڶϹκ𡣡
˵ֻôֻܲأֻǲԸݶѡƶĿ˵ԼˣʱиðⲻԸһû
ݵˣҲԸֻ
νԣԹ塣
ûۿһĻȴǸΪˡ
ʵ˭ѾҪˡҪǻС㲢ϲ㡣仰ƴѪؿϺݺͱһ
סΣʼնӵϡ֪ƴܣ̴ȴҪеͲʶϸɾ
ҪȥüνҵˣһҪȣͲˣֻԶˡûκβĶƴ˵
ÿһ֣ÿһ仰ȥôͨѰȴֶƴĵ
ϲ˾ǡ֮ǰһֻ𣿺أֻ֪Ҫγ׵ĶӵͷôӴӴԺ㲻ȥˡ
̳ɣƴǱ˱۾¶һĨ̺ʹȴƽ˼㡣
ԽƽԽ˵˿̵ʹࡣ
ͬʱҲжʧ
ǣ仰νݵ̫ˡ
ϳ֮ǰп֮⣬Ǵ滨֮ĺú͸ȫġ
һֱ˳˼
Ϊеһηϡ
ˣһֱΪΪϹݣҲһֱԸϲԼʵ
ӦˣӦٶʲôҲǲӦöʲôһˡ
Ҫ׵׵θ飬ˣ
ǣҲûĵġ
ٺöûã
ֻҲԹ㣬ֻԹԼ
ʮ̴ֻΪ׼ͨ뺣ȥﶼͨ衣
ҲҲõĻᱻ˷ʵݣĻᱻٴҵˡ
ֻٲȻһеĸо
ʧȥһЩȴõһֱҪġ
ɣ
ΪʱҺӰ죬ʮȥˣϵİͶûкתˡ
֪Ǽ½ӴŶûлָԲŻġ
ٹһʱͻתġ
ߣϽߣǲ⣬ҪǰĿŵô죿ֻݷ˸սǣ׼һҷݳԷߵſھͱС档
֮͸¶
ϵİͶᴫȾƵģܹȾһ㡣
ֻҲû⣬ǰӵôòߵﶼ£Цӭġ
Ѿˣ񱻱˺һֲһĸо
С㣬Ҫòɣվֻݷ㿪˵
һ·ֻ϶ûдκڵԼݱ¶⣬һ·϶˶ָָֻģѾüڱֻǳŮˡ
ΪʲôҪϼָµĴ죬˵ĺã˵ġ
ǡݷ㿴ֻǳɡ
úվһֻܶȤ˵
ȻǣֻǲǶСָָ㣬С㡭ݷߵ˵šҲޱֿĿֻ
ûΪֻһ˿һ
ֻȴЦЦǵĵ֮ǻõһЩݣԳªֵú̡ܿ
ʱݷԱһҩݣֻ˵С㣬ȥҽݣôúɣ
ΪʲôҪҵҾͦõİҪΣԼΡѵСһ𣿡ݷЩˣһŮӶǺԼòġ

283 أ

ⰡҾͦõġϣԼжƯжྪޣֻԼܹӵһͨͨͺˡ
ǲÿáֻЦ˵Ȼû˵꣬ݷҡͷȻûУС㡣ĿСģֻǡ
ֻ²ĿСΪǱָָ㣬Դ¿ܡݷγӺĿǰֻһƬȾ˿ʡ
ֻݷ˵棬Ҳȷʵûκε֮顣
ǵЦݱԽˣⴺиůĿ
ݷУֻЦӣ·۾ҫʮֵˡ
Ȼ·ǿֻֻǳͺɫӡļȻһЦ˾Խѿˡ
С㣬СġǡִѾȾˣĳҵĴʡ
ҺܲϲԺͽҡɣֻòԣԣڵȾֻҪȾͿˡ
ǡݷȴüͷµӰʲôӲӵģֲʲôǧСˣһ·ңҡΪô£һ֪ҪôлأӴԺҵܵܣǰ֮ұ
ţ֪˭ֻݷ˰֣һ㷶ݷκεıˡ
ǣ˵Сأ²ͿСĸ籣С𣿡ֻҪĵܵܣݷȴЩˡԼ˭֪˵Լ·ݳˡ㿴ȥСʵʵҵܵܰɡʲôЦʵ䶼ҪˣݷŶ󣿶ʮͷ
ûУ㣬ɶ
¡ݷǺܲԸֻĵܵܣһĲԸ
ҲǳٳٲԸֻ㡣
ֻҲΪݷ㣬ݷֱӺȾˡΪֻʼղԸ⽫ԼڵҲȷʵһ·ˣֻݷȥԵģȻֱһڴ£һɹ̫һ߿򵥶ɢ
صС
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緹ʱ䣬סСڵĴѾϰż졣
ֻڴϣůʱӿڴ
Ҫ־ֻܹа˵ΪǰةฮǧС㣬ԱԻ˾״Щٵľ͸֪ϰյĿడһλŮ¶ݵ˵š
ݷ㣬ǻطɣֻۣŤͷݷ˵
Դ¶뿪һ̿ʼֻҪа֣̱ܿ
ԸҲ
ֻܹеǵź
ݷֻȺİӣֻô˵˵ͷ˸׼ӿڴһЩ涮ʲôûаǻⰲĳԷҵΪаôû෴ǸүΪһӵ
аδ޲˵˽ҲǷݲаһͬȴھӪ֮£˵ÿ볤ʿ
£ǼֻתƵϹϣȤ˶䡣
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СλԵϢʱ򣬲Ҳһˡ
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ҲڴʱøĽСġ
ϣ벻ЩүʲôģȻá˷׷ױʾ𾪡
·һ֪˺˾ȻҲŮ֮һ㡣
ǡǸүôˣ˵ֲΰСĴ͵ΨһĵζϾͿˡ
ҾͲ֪ˣǶ˴ŭүܲκöؾˣֱӽүĵط͸үˡϸ˵
Ϲĳ£ֲϲǰϹĸݸ߹Ļˡ
ݷƺ֪ʲô
С㣬ǲǾ㵱ʱµǸҩɵģݷһ¶š
ֻϹôһ³á
ǷծҪģ
ǰǶʲôЩ̫ҽûмֶΪǻֻЩ˵š
пҽóˡ
Ĺ˭ܹӵ˽˵Ǹء
ҽܾˣȻҲܺˡ
ү֮ô𣿡
ȻᣬôҪأֻⱲӻˡֻǸⰡ
ݷ㶼֪ͿĨϹҩﲻǶһһ˷ܼ
ҩԿҪʲôҩҩʲôͶˣܹһʱء
ӪûŮˣϹ̼ĲвеģһŻȼ
Ϊ˷йеŻֻ֮ѡˡ
үԺô
Ǹ̫࡭ֻЦеĶݷ˵̫õվ򡣡
ݷһƶǶı飬ƺЩ鲢Ҳȫ֪
ݷ㡭ֻݷϵı飬һ
С㣬ôˣݷ㻹ǽֻΪС㡣
ǲǲ֪Ů֮鰡ֻ仰˵꣬ݷ̺ˣֱӺ쵽˲Ӹ
ûϵǰ֮ҾͰҸƯϱֻȤ˵ţҸҺóӳʱҩŶϱ֮ṩ
ݷɫȴԽԽ죬ķܹγѪ㣬Ĵ궯˶Ҫ˵ʲô
ȴû˵ڣתվܿˡ
ǵģһˣʲô뿪ֻ֮ԸԽĻԾѡ
ԼԼٴˡа֣Ȼӿڵ˵ֻ꣬𴽽ǵЦ⣬ʰϵĶ֮󣬱㳯ݷ׷˹ȥ
йһж޹ˣаҲã̫ҲãֻҪйģһ֡
º߽ӪжרĿŲͼƴǵӣϸĹҵˡ
ƴ˫ɿеĲͼΪû˯þԵʣѾ˲ٺѪ˿أԥһ£ʵѾˡճϯðСˡ

284 ûȥ˰

ƴ΢΢̧ͫʲôһǴ԰
ǡǸϹ½˵
ʲôʱģƴٴڵ
ǰ˵Ѿˣֻֻǡ
˭ѾҪˣƴǴɫߵû̫ı飬ֻǳĬΪʲôǸŪ÷
˵һʱһŮӣŮϢ٣ˣȣȴûоȹŪ÷ǸŮӸġ˵仰ʱ򣬸оԼĶǲġ
Ū÷̫͸δ̫Ķδ̫׷ɱʱ򣬴Ū÷ǱȻġ
ŮӼпܾ̫ӵδޡ
ƴǵĴǶ˶˵Ůӳʲôģ
˵ʱŮ϶Ѫֻǵüһ롣
ƴǴϵһδûˡıüĵǿˡ
Ѿ֪ܻˣǵ׶Ϣʱ˵ûвǼٵġ

˵Ůʲôط𣿻Ǿ͵ˣƴǼ˵
˵һ֪ʲôط֪ôǸطƴ֪ģѾƴʹˡ
ȻһΪҪ⣬ƴȴûʡ
ʲôطƴĵ
Σδޣδ̫ҲһңȻǻĽҰ⣬ǻؼңӦĵطھӪСһֽŵԴүֲϽΪʹ͸үԭȾʹӺŮ춼ŵ˶ʡ²鵽ϸ֮󣬱ֱ
ʣ·Ͻϸ˹
˵Щʱ͸¶һء
ԽԽˡƴµӻ˵
ԭǧĲͬǧӵĶ֪ʲôֻᰴķԸá
ȥ²ʲô
ȽھӪУϢҲҪ͸¶ȥȵⳡս꣬ȥݽӻسᡣƴ˵ⳡս۵ʱ򣬻΢ͣһ¡
ΪⳡսⱲһսۣҲпܻһս
ӮˣҲ
ˣôĲһƴǵˡ
䣬Ӯ
Ӧȴ¶һĨԥ飬ƻҪƴ
ӣͲ棬ʲô취ʹòͻСһģһ𣿡
Ҫ𣿡ƴ֣ɫµݱһֻ֣Ҫֻ֪ˡ
ǡ¼û˵ȥ
´Ӫ˳ʱӰվҡһȣתۼ䣬ȻʼЩ
˵СʱӲû׷ʣƲ̫ԸС顣
ˡһȻûʣǾͲҪȥ˵ûн֮ǰҪӼϸ
ǣסµ˵ͷǵӻǻС
ҡҡͷǣʲôˡСονӺˡӣֻǲӷĶѡڵѹѾܴˡʧܵĻ
˵ĻҲ÷
ǶΪǱʱ仹кԶû뵽һתۣʱѾ쵽ˡ
˵¾㱸ֻǷˡ
ǺܶݵģƴǼǵһ߳Ӫʵʱ·ߵҰһѤõĻĺ
Ȼ߳ӪʵʱҰȻǿҰˣǻȴһأֻʣ´̵ҶƬԼ֦ͷðһ
û뵽һգ۵Ĺ򣬾͹ȥһ¡
ԭʱָɳ֪оˡƴ߳ӪʣϵĴʵĴƴǵϣϺɫۡ
ɫɫο޳Ʋ⹴ճīд
ƴһϢݵķҷζҲǴϪˮһжôö
ЩԼ̫æµˣԲŻʱúܿ졣վƴĲЦ˵
ǰԭļƻٻҪ꣬ȴһǰô࣬ô֮ǰⶨõļƻҪ¸ġơ
һҪһʧ
Ϊ̫س˰ɣ̫ȥʹֵӻ˰ɣ
ڱôʱ䣬Ҳûȥ˰ɣƴǵҹգ˵һ仰
һ£үūΨһѵүҪū𣿡
ŵˣһֱ֪ΧҹɫżţƴʵҲĺ
Цһ£û뵽ūŻûү
Ǹǧ湫Ӱ֮ɱġƴʵǵģûκε¶ȡƺžҹɫҪƽ
վƴ󣬴ȻǳǳЦ⣬ʼûκεı仯
֪žңָһǧҸ𣬲ǲرġɱ֮ȷĿľҪϹ˻ΪֻڶԷ
Ӷʱ䣬ֻиܵĻᡣ
ǲ벻ڰֹֻҵֻпܣѾΨһ˽סǾǵ³ΪĻ֮ǻʺ֮λضŵС㡣ĸʺĸȫˣǳĸʺĸ
֮⣬û֪һ㡣
ڳһֱĴ˵Ǿ˲èǹһֻ̥һ
һ̥߸࣬Ǿǲ
ĽСͱ⸧үȻ֪ΪʲôҪأү֪ȹԼ˳˻С֮⣬ʼС㡣ֻʱѡȨġʱΪѣ
һߵʱ
˵ûϾĲƴˡ
ңڱĬĬҸҶػλ֮ʺ֮λӦġⶼȻ顣
ǣʲô֪𣿡ƴǺܵ˵仰ͬһƮһ㡣
֪С㲻⡣شС˵Եʮꡭ
ʮꣿһŮõ껪˷ҵϣƴ仰ǾȻһĨЦǸǶԵˣԼõˣôܹ˷أһŮȴ鿪Ĺ̡㻨ֻҪܹ͹ˡ˶ٽŵСԭ

鿪һõĴ
ǵϹֻ꣬û˸ժˡ
ɵɵĵȴػ
ԡֻ뿪й𣿡ƴǳĬãջ˵仰
йأǹϵ󡣡ʵ˵š
ΪСҪ뿪үСֻǰһ¶ѡʼСֻǿүͻСһ𣬴δΨһһ¾Ҫ֪СǲǱҪϲүǣ˳ǽǡ

285 

֪СǲǱҪϲү
仰ͬһƴǵؿڣոϵ˿ٴ
ʹǣϲˣϲɣ
ĴƴǵĶߣڶߵīɢ
֪ˡĬƴǲٴοڣ˫һƬ׳һȢģ
ᣬܵոմߵķһ㡣
һ۱㲻ˣȷʵ
ֿôļ򵥣ȴû֪־ζʲô
վЭˣΪǸΪˡ
ȢҲȢˣΨȢҪˣȢ˭һ
Щȵ̧ͷƴǣǺƴǾȻˬĴӦ
С仰һʮֵĸˡش
ƴȴû˵ȹ۳ӪһСϪȥ
үҪԡĻūšæƴ˵
ƴǵӰȴʱһͣסˣתŲڵԭҲ˽ʲôӣ
룬̶뵽ʲôӣƴǻӣҲϹļա
˵ƴǱתȥͦΡŵҹɫԵôı˺͹¼š
Ҫȥȴֹס˽Ų
ԸⵥĴһϹ˵
Ϫˮڶ߾ʣ¹кϪˮУϪˮһ⡣
ʶϹʱÿϹرϲСϪߣϵ
ǲϲϹ˵ϲ
ÿСϪ߿ֻ˵Խһ˵˼֮鴫һˡ
ڿһˡҲϣǸ֪
ȻصǺ󣬷ֻǲϲģ޷˼֮顣
ֻҲ֪һһֱһңԶĵط
Բ𣬴Ӧ飬û취ˡƴڽʯϣһƱһֻƱע˾ƷڵϡΪϾҪسˣˡƴǿŰڵϵֻƱڵģһʷ˶ǵýļա
㣬˵Ĺµ塣
ƴ˵㽫еľһɫѸٵһĨ漴ӻóöԲӡ
¹£öԲǱһɫĹâһ㣬΢΢ҫŹâ
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ŮӵŽŲʯϷ졣
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QˣúЩϤ
Ǹͷȴֻһô
ȻӪôŮˣû˵нǴ˼Ҿġ
Ǵġ
ƴǴ߳ŮӶڵϣưҨˮװԵľͰС
ҨˮͬʱŮӻ̧ͷܣ±˷һ㡣
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Ůװ˴Ͱˮһת䲻ĿͻȻվһˣһһûˣŵǾֺͻŵɫ
ϵĻӶ˵ϡ
òҨĴͰˮҲǱ˵ϡ
ϸԴһƬհףһӦܡ
ƴǿϸʱѸٵķŴ
ԼԾʧ룬ƴǲûŲһ½Ų˱ֱվԭأһԵöôƽ
ΣѾûκιϵˡ
ƴһգһͫʲô
һ룬׷ȥ
ſҡϸŲ·ĳԼӪȥԼֱȴһ±ץסҲһ±Ǹ˵ǰ
ôľ£ϸҲ˶Էûϴһɫߡ
ϸһ¾ͷӦǰ˭ɫеĺȴûʧǾŵĻүԲҡ
ӪһҲǲκ˽Ӵ
ΪСɾˣÿ춼Ҫϴ裬Ż͵͵ĳҹɫȥϪߴˮϴ衣
ϤϤݣһжһ㣬ôĲʵ
ƴ΢ӣḧϸգֵļôʵǴߣͿĨҺ
㣿ƴ૵Ĵ³֣纣һƬӡ
ϸΪƴ֪Ǹϯðֻˣ̵˵ͷǣҡ
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ѾˣǽȻֻˣû߹
һֱڣ̴ֻͲһֱ
㲻ֻʲôƴ˫ųɽͫǰϸ꣬һƬӺ
ʳ仰ʱȴǺܵᡣκεĸ顣
ͬǵһμʱ˵
ϸһ¾׹ԭүǽֻˡ
Ҳһźֻһģһݣֻ׶ֲ塣
үҡϸƽǺȴżּ٣û˵ꡣ
ƴǱ㴹֣תĮ뿪ԺҪҿ㡣һɲǵлǽűǸļᶨ;
һֱȥˣˡ
ҪôֻԶ뿪Ҫôһߡ
˵ƴǱתʱ·ȥ
ϸ֪ү仰Ƕ˵ģǶֻ
Ҳû˵ԭվһ֮󣬼ƴԶˣ»Ϫ߽ˮ
Ҳߵ𣿸ʲôƴû߶Զ㷢Щջ𣬱һͣס˽ŲȻתϸ˵
ҡ롭ϸΪƴѾԶˣƴǵٴǰʱһһСľͲȵ˵ϵһľĳƴ˹ȥ
ƴǼǳڲܺʶĶ־ͽסϸꡣ
ϸҲֱӾ˵ƴǵĻС
𣿡ϸ˽еһɲǣƴǱ˶ѵݺݵһеĸӱԽĸ
үǡԲҲǹġϸЩŵҪƴǵĻ뿪ȴƴǲûзſ˼
㾿߻ǲߣƴǵŻеϸ
һһεڸᣬΪһΣû뵽ָһΡңߣߡƴԽǽֻԽǺ£Ҳǲ˵Լݡ

286 ¥

ƴ仰ȴԽԽˣ·һбеŻ˲䱻ȼһ㣺㾿ΪʲôͲ㵽Ҫô
һ˲ƴǿǽԼﻰȫ˵ˣĺֻ֪ôġ
ĲϲΪָԭ
Ȼ㶼ˣΪʲôҪһ֮ʲôȴͻȻˣĿҪƷˡ
֪Ǻá
ϸȫƴһ׸ŵˣһܹΪ˵ЭĻ˵˺ܰŮˡ
үϲǸŮˡ
үϴˡϸ겻ȥˣֱҪƴƿ
ϴˣôܻϴκݶֻһģһ
ûκεαװֻ˭
ֻƴɤͳĺ
үҲֻĲǡҡҽϸꡣϸоƴ屬ӣԽĺСĶֵӵĿƴǵ۾ҡֻǺúѡ
ϸꣿú
ʱ벻֪ϸΪʲôֻһģһȴû˿ݵ
ʱѹû˼ȥ֪ЩԱûʡ
û뵽ϾȻƵˣһô
ϴˡ
ƴķſǰϸ꣬ŲҲǳһ
ʵɫ£κ沿ֻһģһȻҪϸĻͻᷢҪֻϸһ
ϸǴ԰ү˻ȥ֮ү˽ϸģ»Сһһϸͷʵ˵ţүŻὫϸΪǻСġ
ָоǶıˮͷһ㣬ϳ˺⡣
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ղϸ겻˵ԼݵĻһжЭҪ뿪
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һͬı췴ˣǱӿʿ͵һʱǵĴʯѪȾ죬˴Ŀġ
һ統ʶλʱ¾Աĳ
ǰл£ʴ̫һжصĻλֻص̫һʻӣƴǵС
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Ϊƴڹв˴ߣԼе˻Լˣûɶˣúܶϰ˯һ֮¾ͻȻ
ԭƴ̫ӣͻȻڽǴʱ޲⣬һЩԭǰǵ͹ƴ̫ӽ£ӵƴ̫ӶĻλ
Ϣ֪Ϣʱ򣬸ǳԾޱȡ
˶ڲ²⣬ôƴ̫һֱУı߻Ŷλļƻ
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һĴ죬аȴһ֮УǸطǵаξĵطɳǡ
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Ϊаվʢаգ˵˿
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˵ǡС㡣ģ̌һƴǵɫص
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ƺֻѾһİ˰Ĵڣһ˿һĸ顣
ˣʺڼǿҪάùеİȫҪκεĲƴǱ˵
סǧ̻ش
УĽСʬҵûУƴǵŵ⳯ǧķȥȴһɣһݿնǸطı仯ܴ󣬱һĵأǰȴһլԺϸãҲûҵʵڲУ´ֱ˰ȥڡԭƴǵǻĵһ¾˻ص
ݣҵĽСĺǣ˭֪δŵϸ˷򣬱뽫ضĵص㣬֪ҡ
ǾȥڣζҪĽСĺҵƴ󣬿ųһƬƽڲʺǰҵ
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ʲôҩƴǵƽ޲ƶ۾˵鲢ôġһζƣҩڳûеģֻļ紺¥ҩ֪Ҳ٣ҲǱĥϸĩֻнҩ֭۾ϲСһ
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¥볯Ӧøɣ˵һʱˣǰ¶δ͹ɣƴǷƵ˵š
۾ˣûоʲôõģܶҲÿôˣҪǣļԺܺã׵ļסİԼϵݡ
ֻҪȥİĵطܹġ
ټƺҪ֮ǰӵˡϷ˼ǣȥһ¥̴е˵

287 һ

Ȼ֪ⷱûЧģܵҪһԣֵǷļڣʱȥĻ¾Ҫȵˡ̴ƴǵ۾ʮֵģ˲Ź
κһƴ۾Ļᡣ
Ϊһ֮۾ôܿأ۾ζźܶܵ飬Ҫͨڶ
һܵ鱻й¶ȥǺǿɴСġ
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޲ûоʲôס
Ϸܷ̻һӣǧҲܡΪһεĻϷܷʲô⡣
ǻлʺ𣿡ƴȴƿ˵һ仰ްԼĺӣͿԽλˡ
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ֻƴǼȻô˵ѾСΨһĻʺѡˣʲôĻǾԲĵġ
ڵƴǺˣ򵥵Ľȥ
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ƴǴ˻һ̴ףƴֻˣֻ˺û
ƴǵıЩ̣κβȷûн飬ֱڷ
תѡЩȷͻн飬Ĳϲ
Ϊף⿿ϲûõģ侭һεĽʵһʼͽܡ
һŨũСԺ⣬ֻѼյںϷˣܴԺǰѤã仪һ໥ӳģʫеԴһ㣬ۡ
ʱũСԺУһɫѵŮӣԺɹŸҩģһɫɴڵסݡ
ȻӰµȴǸϸӱȥӻ߳һ㣬
һ͵ĴιԺֵ滨һأһƬһƬѩ㣬Сשϣʫ⡣
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лһΪҪԭԶҪȥرйһϢΪа˭֪
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ժһһЩһ⣬ζôɡֻһ߽ķ˶һ߶߽ݷ˵
Ҳ֪ǲΪݷ㷢ٻԭ򣬻ûȫã̫ԭݷòڲ֪иı䡣
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Ҳʹݷ㣬ݷȴ˵ԼҲ֪
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ǰٹ¾в˺˹ˣҲоµĲƷôǮأֶֻһƮżɵһһŵݷǰȻʱ̶µĲƷȴ

288 ȥ

ֱݷȷƵĲ˲Ǻڰ֮Żԡ
ݷЦЦֻ˵ͷܺóԣʺڡ
ݷ˫һһЦҪƮڲˮһ껹Ҫĺÿˡ
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С㣬ϹýˣҾԱҵС㻹ҪԴֻϵ顣
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һЦյݷֻ仰ұÿݱЩˣҲϲ
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Ҳǿݷ㣬ȴϣݷܹɼңиġ
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Ҫ֣ʲô
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˵ڹŴˣǷִĶ߳УһŮһӲ飬ҲҪ˵ĵġ
Ƕֻ˵޲һжҪԵ֣һʵģϲģͼޣҪȻѡ˼ˡ
ҲһӶ˵׼ΪŴԳɻ磬һʮ꣬ǼͥرȢϱ˼ңȻǿ϶ҵġ
ҲǲܻҸСġҲǲ檡
ԡ
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ݷΪֻ˵ģվЩٵĵҡҲҡ
ݷ׼˵ȥǻȴһֹסˡɫҲ΢΢ıֻͨҲֻ΢΢һЦδ̫棬ɵ˵ǼСڸǾɧʱӵģ㵱ȻʶôˣͿϰˣҪǸʶ
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˵ֶܷԷĵطأ
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һǾ죬̴˾þǹһһ㡣
˵¥ļ紺Ҳֻůʮֺѣȴļġ
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ˣŵǳǳĻһĨЦ⣺ôÿ϶֪ҡ
ƴȴǻعͷһ˫˫ͫ⾲õķ羰ϧķ羰ôҲֻܴԼĿһƬƬɫӰӡ
ֻܽ޵޹ƴǵ˵һ仰
ĵοϲ˵㻰ģ˵ҪΪʺ󣬼λһҲǴδɹһɣһŮ˶ûУһ֮ǰϰߣߴӲһŮź
¾ǲʺˣ㲻úö׼ôͽˣƴǵЦ˵š
չ涨УҪúõĴڹ뷿ѧϰеĹأԼ֮Ȩ
һҪͻ˵̬ŵߵƴǵԡƴǵĶ˰ϲá
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޻ҵġƴ⣬ȥ˵ȴҡҡͷϣҲ˼ʱ򣬸ҺҸȥһܽĵطɽˮĺʡȥһҸ統
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289 ˭Ҫ

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ã޴ȥƴ˵仰תͷŴ⡣
ܽ¥ϱߣȺɽɽ·᫣ɽһǳĳС
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ֱܽʱֻҪڵ˳ͺˣҪȥĻҪţ˽һȥҲΪ˳ļ۸ȽϹЩȴȻסһЩȤҲǮҪһ

290 İ񣬹˫

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Ǿȥɣƴͷǰǰһֱ쵽ɴУһ˱ɽһ㡣
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ΪҩĶģݱ˵Ĺߡ
Щģֻöƴǵȥɣ
ƴȴЦЦ㳤ƽԭУδɽοôߵɽˣȥɣȻ˵ڶ˫Ⱦ۵߲·ˡ
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ͿͨԼжϺ;˵ļ䣬κ˲ϰͨУȻжһ·ϣ˫־Ȼı󣬺ܸȤɽȪˮġˡ۷ɿųǰˡɹСö紵Ҷϸ΢ɳ
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ӣȥӵȪˮͤӵԱ߾һɽȪȪˮɽʯͷеγһǳˮ壬Ȫˮ峺ף滹ƮżɽС
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ͯ࿴һۣԴӳ֮ǲŷϾȻһֽϵĶҾȻԳԡ
šҲҲδ뿪ɽϣҲ֪磬ԾĬֻˡ
ԵĻȥȥԡ㲻ÿ춼ģֻˣŻġԴĺգ۾ƴ˵
СӵǵģǲʲôƤңֻ֪λС糤úܺÿůǿ˺ϲ
ϣǸ¹ϣʳҰ֮ƻмαɪϵǸ𣿡֪Ϊʲôƴǵһ뵽ľ
ֿͨʵԢ̡áһܹ뵽ģҲһ˻ȡġ
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ҾøСÿأΪС粻ϲЦ֮곤ĺֽ˵
СӵԱʲô˵ʲô
ƴǹڴǵĻԽͣΪʲôҪأճ𣿡
ǣǳ㳤òÿȻ˺ܺãҲܺóԣǵڶûý˵סܳⱲӶ޲ȥˡ
ƴЩɬɵЦš
ͯеĳ㣬ж֪
ȴȻܹԼĿջȡ֣˵һгãвŻŮӡ
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Ȫ㶯ˣͯĶоͬһ㡣
ЩСɽﳤĺӣ˲࣬ΪСǼÿˣȴû뵽ϾȻһɰˡ
ǰһֱİ񣬹˫ʲô˼Ǽƴǵǿȴһˡ·ʫʾΪдģ

291 ޵

ֱƴǺ̴ԶˣͯջԼ⡣
²ҩһܽϵ˾Ϳʼæµǲ͹ݺͿջΪæµ
ֻƵԲ˵Ȼֻм䷿ȴΪܰмҵĸоټֻպǲʳĶƽܳԵġ
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㡭㣬·۰һ̬ҩ̣߳ŭšԲ𣬶ԲҲǹġֻײʹԴÿɡǸ

292 ԭϰ

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ֻ֪ΪĵһŮɽеСǶ˵ɱǾ޴ġ
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һһáǱȵĶϽÿ·ƹһˣǼҿʮֺţȥǴ˭ʶǼңҿܹˡ˵ܸߵȥҪλԹ
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šƴǱ˵ͷȥɽЩ˵ϿջɣҺܺʲô
ã빫ԵƬ̣ȥһϿջʲôط̴ӹ˵꣬ٴ뵽ĻС
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СУֻһָ
ݷһܺõӣѹͲҴڼȻ֪жСܹݷ㡣
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ֱʱֻ̧ͷվԼǰ̴ӣЩĵǰվѼϷˮƴȻתǳԭ޵ϰ

293 ûǮ

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ǵǴһһĽ֮
һ־쳣ζƴǳԵһʱԵ̴ͻȻ˵ӣŵʱˡ

294 

ƴǳͣƺѾкܾûӳʲˣǿ϶ûдġ
ƴǱϵһ塣
ҪϰﲻʶֻԽȵѺϰϰ֮һܹˡ
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ԭԵġƴ˵ţǸϼзŵ֮󣬱ĳе档
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ĺܺóԡƴǻϸζһ£Ѿˡ
ֻЦһ£ùһǩӼƴ⡣
һ˵ĺø˵ϸ֦ĩϡ
Ӧǿˣȴװ֪˵Ƿάġ
۾Ըô𣿡ƴǺֱ׵˵š
ƴǻϣҲֻЩ벻Ϊϣ֪۾ء
һأܹһֻʮֺš
ǰҴԼֻܿһšɫӰӡƴҲ֪Ҫôݡ
ֻ˵ȫʧ˺һ
ܿǼָͷ𣿡ָֻƴǰ
ƴҡҡͷ
ֻǰŲһƴȻҡҡͷ
ͲǸ߶Ƚˣӽʧ
ǣӲʲôֻʮ˵ţΪһһϸ۾Ļ
ΪԵ̴Ӹǰ涼ʲôʧ˶ҲҲܹ硣
ֻ۾ɵøˣĿԣҵĻ۾ǱǣߣߵСģһ񰡣
Ϊϸĸǰм̨ףһ̨״ԼжߣͱﵽԲ⣬ҪֱаʮȻ岽͵żˡƴǴǺЦɵ˵š
ֱֻ㶵ģɵվ⿴һۡ
ĲԶĵطӦһƴٴƴ˵
ֻվԼλߵߣһ½Ųҿһ࣬һ١
ô֪
㾭ʱһĽŲƴɵ˵ţŵľʮֻʵһ£°ͶҪˡ
طаˣδҪ߶ٲ
ҪĹ۲ͼܹ
˵ĻȷʵֻҪܹͨ˵ĽŲжϳ·жԶ䣬ϰ
˿ҪܿǾˣ
ȻŬõĻҪʲôǰֻѧʱҲ̱Ƚϸߵͬѧ˼ӿΣϿ˯úܺá
ȴûƴôš
ƴ̣ƾǵ˵ģֱӴСѧѧš
ֻǼԺõѣû˵ôšƴǵЦ˵ţҾֻҪŬкģʲô鶼ġ
ʼնֻΪԼļԺõ㣬ûʲôġ
ָֻͣоǿȫУһѧԸûпõĸоһ㣬Ϊʲôе˺ʮ꣬ȴŶûУΪʲôеȴһٳΪ״Ԫֻ˵ţΪǰ߲棿Ǻߵ״ԪǻǮģǣ֮
Խľ̡
Ҵȥ״Ԫ¿ʮ꣬ҶϣֻижͲһˣ˵ڼҸϰһ꣬ڶٵǰףΪ࣡
Ϊ˵ĺܿšƴǸ׼˵ʱ̴ֻƴǵĻֻҪҰĺ˵굱ˣ˵췴϶пܣ
ƴһ仰üһ¾䣬Ȼֻ֪ʲôǴĻУȴԸҴ󵨡
㲻˵˾ͲóԵ𣿡ƴǴǺЦû˳ֻĻ˵
㻹һԻòĽİɣֻ뿪Ц˵
ƴǴŵЦֻ˵ģƾŸоԼǩһ˿
˸տʼЩ֮⣬ƴǾԵñȽˡ
ΪҪǣƴҲ˿ͻὫԼָŪࡣ
Ȼĳôĸţһĸܡ
ɵֻƴǵϣָ޳񣬹ǽڷɵеһ˫غϡ
۾Ӧòİɣֻ°ͣһ߿ƴ˿⣬ԵĲֺһʵţ⡣ƴǸճһ⣬ʪĴմȾһ͡

295 һ

ֻоԼŮĶҪˡ
¶ĸ׿ŻӤЦݡ
ֺƯֻû׷ƴʲô⣬۾ǱˣӦˡ
ƴǳϵĶ˶٣ѿǣһɽ軨ڴſʮֵѤã㲻ҲǴһ֦׷ʤ
ֻЦһǣŹ˵ļҲˣѲ˳
Щô֪ģ
ȻġƴЦЦһ֮󣬱ȥá
ôĲСںͣɢĸϢǲ
ȴĽӵһ׽ůĸо
ʱǶֻʵѲɣҵǸ˾㣿ߵ̴ӡ
ƴЦһû˵ƺȫϵζв԰Ρ
ٴȥϡ
ֱֻһ־ͽŲһƴǰһ
ֻԱŲ
ƴû취ˣЩεĵûԴ˵ģ
㾿ô쵽ģҲ˲һʱ䣬ȫǽôȺåġʱվһ±꣬Ȼɣǽи϶ֱʯ飬׷ʱҾʯͷӷ϶ȥˡƴǵ˵쳣ɣ·¶
˵һѶȶûС
ȷ㿴ͨǽķ϶ʯͷȥֻĺǿˡ
з簡ƴɷƵ˵š
ֻ˵ʲôأֻһַݵƴǡ
Ȼվƶ˵ˣǺЩһ
ֻҲԽˣͬʱҲӵɵòעһ
ȻңҵȻҪúллֻһ¾뵽˹Ӣ۾ĳ֮
⵹ЩĶأϧҲֻ롣
˵Ҫôл㰡ֻ˰Ҳ֪Ҫôл
ǵǰŲŲͿˡƴȴǸֻһش
ֻȴǸЦˣǾúÿ˲úÿһʮֵĿɰء
ôóԣҲǶյһϿɣгɾ͸С
ΪǰûгԹԾúܺóԣҲܶҵθڡƴǺʵϵ˵š
ŷʳ˵óԣѾûˣôζ
Թɽ亣ζͻȻһũСͻ÷ľޡ
ϲζ𣿡ֻʵ
šƴͷ
һ°ֻվѸٵ˳ȥ
ƴǲһ£һ½Ų֪Ӧȥˡ
ΪȥˣҲû⡣
ŵеϣҲ֪˶ãٿҪϵʱһƮζֱıϢꡣ
ȻģȴϵĲһ
ȴôˡ
ЩСϺ׼ԼԵģȻңҾлˡֱֻӽƴǰδߣһϺ˵ƴǵǰ
ƴֻһϣζԽˡ
һʱһǩӣһϵֲ֪Ǻá
Ȼƴû뵽ǣֻֽأģʮġ
ģصģԼʮ㣬ֲͬζһ𣬿νǸǧ
ƺÿǳĺóԡ
ϰ㲻ģ衭̫ˡѵʱǳԹϺģʱΪӣˮһȻӵΰ;ֱӳˡ
֮Ϊ֮󣬾ҲûгԹˣҲûȥԡ
ȻˣԹֻԼ֪ѡ
ŷǲὫֻϺģֻϺЩĲ˶
ࡣֻȴʾЩϺһһܳҰһԿϲθڡֻһϺһߴһ߸ɾĽСϺͷֻϺ⣬մմϺ֮󣬱ŵһ
ݸƴǡ
ƴҧһ֮顢Ϻζֱë꣬ϸ塢һҧȥⶼʼ趯ˡ
ţóԡƴЩĵĳֻ˵ͷ
ʳûʲôҪֻҪܳԣûжͺá
ҲûرԵĶ
һоʳƺСϺˡ
ָоǰݵķ
ǾǡֻԲ
ѾһܾԶˣõѾԲʲôζ
ȻʼնǵԵԲʱĸо
ǰ֪һ˵龹ȻΪԵһرóԵʳرĿĺϲá
һֺҸĸо
ٴ鵽ָо
ڳصġǱȽϲصģر㣬صĳԶ˻塣ָֻƴǰһصġ
ƴǳ֮ԵĵζһҲܺóԡ
˫˫ҫǳĹâĴҲ¶һֺůĸо
ֻƴ۾еĨ⣬Ʊһ㡣
һʼĸоȻ׽ܺദȴʼ͸¶һβԽľ롣
ɳĮеĺ¥һźܽʵңɼ߶Զ㶼ԶܵǸطġ
ȻƴǵĴ¶ĨȾκʵЦݣԼҫĨ֮
һ¾ʵǺģҲһʳ˼̻ɡ
մһءƴǳֻ֮ע⵽ƴǵմһأѵ
ƴǻûκεĸоͷٴһ´ǡ
ߡֻľƴ̫ˣ̫Ŀˡ
ƴһȴûҵ
ֻƴǵɫУҲ֪ĵӣֱӾʳָ´һ¡
ᣬѵˮ㣬ǲ֪ΪʲôֻȴָЩ̡
ƴ΢΢һ£Ĩǳ֮ѸٵʧŴǵЦҲȻܿ˴ĻȣȻȴû˸ղôůǶһ룺ϰˡ
ɤºֻͣȴܹоǷ;롣
ֻҲ̫⣬ϾҲ죬ȻƴǰϺ
ҿԼġƴʱڵһСȪǳǹ
֪鷳ǲڵĶһ
ãϺѾȥɾˣͷȥͺãС̡ǰ߻ǺֻȻ⣬ӵòͲŻСĽһûʲô
ƴȻܹо۾һֱڿߴδ뿪ͻȻ;룬ֻǲϣĿ̫ͣöѡ
˵ͺ죬ûоʲôס
ƺֻǵľÿĿŶѡϰȻЩԼųԵģһ԰ɡһҲԲꡣƴ̺ӣ˫Ѿߵſڵֻ

296 Ůûа

ֻԼĶӣʵҲûгԣϴʳ֮ԼԸȥġ
ǡҾͲˡֻϺֿһƴʢյݣƴǶ棬ߣӣһϺ
ǷнϺϵ֭˱һ飬ŲſʼϺǡ
һζܵӡ
ƴҲҲûҪԼˡ
ƴȻȴõ
·ϺֻУ˺óʮ֡
ˣΪʲôЩС㣬˵㡭òÿƴǼֻ˿ղŵ飬ԵԼЩˣһ⡣
ȷʵúѿһμҵ˶ᱻŵģҴɴţҲڵסҵĳ󡣡ֻһ߳Ϻһ˵ţôķ絭ᡣ
ˣٺ;µ̶ܱһªƤ׵Ļٵ
ող˵Ǵһ֦𣿡ûһŮӻ᲻Լòģֻɵ˵ʱƴǱΪֻڿЦ
ǰΪûƷͰԼƤŪˡ֪Ϊʲôֻ˵仰ʱԥһ£ĳ˽İɡ
ƴЦĻǸղǸҩΪʲôһֱ׷㡣ãߺܲǸҩۻ軨ټϾƺܶԵʣԲᡣֻһڣһܶûмֻһӰ˶Ϊҳúܺ
ǵתǾȫˡ
ƴĬĬţ򴽵Ļ˵Ļһѹ𣿡
ûаҾͦõİһ¿˺ܶ˰ֻ˵ţĻˣҲں
˺ܶ˶ǳƤģƴǿʵ
ǰҸ˵ֻһβ֪Լ˭ŮֻгһΣŻ˭氮ֻ˵ԡ
ƴԽȥԽǾһйµˣȻȴֵüΪѺԣһǳѵõ顣
֪һİԼ˵ĻǺγһ£
ǰϧҶûýÿ춼ҼܣǶǸҵܵ˵׵ġֻЦ˵ţȻһƵģ
֮ǰӦлİɣЩСи˵˵һӶ޲ȥˡ
аȻһУ׺˺ܶ檡ֻϵϺ֭˵
ҪǸ˵ûм޹ˣ̫ˡ
ȻԸϹʵȴ
ȻأƴѾµʲô֣ɻǿʵ
Ȼˣ˸ɺҺˡֻ˵
һŮӶԺǺܳصģǴ³ȴôɺ⡣
ƺ⣬ȻֻԼףʹ
仰Ǵһ㣬Ȼһֹĸо
ЩǱϿȥģ⣬ܣȻ˽ȴܹͷʪ
һЩĲˣҪһΪǿģԼֹ۵̬˵µʱŻôķƵ
ԽԽ˵ۡ
ǹ𣿡Ը޸ǸˣȻҲ϶ǺϲǸ˵ģǸȴڳ׺󲻾þͽӶ檣ݵʱǸ˾ˡ
Ǹʱһʮֵĺĺޱȵʹࡣ
ûʲôú޵ġҲõӦеıӦֻ嵭˵ţһӻƹϷУĽš
ƴЦһ£Եĵӣĺܺá
ʵ˵Ըġ
ʵԹĲŻӣ뿪ȥһĳĻһ͹ġƴԵ˵šֻȴЦЦҾΪԼ޳ȥһԼϲ˳ףһ˹һӡһӾʮ꣬ҪһԼȫϲһĻĻҶ
ÿ¡Ҿһ˹һӡ
ƴ仰ĺݺݵĲһ¡
ǰʮ꣬ΪʲôԼÿһ
ǣܶ˲ûǸѡȨƴǳĬһ˵
ϲϲһҲûʲôܣֻ֪һϲһʲôĸо
Ҳ֪һĵģʲô鶼ںҲ⣬Ҳûֳ嶯ȥɣѾνˡ
룬ľͦµġֻ˵Щ˻ǿֻǿ߲ѡȨЩ˸ضûСȻһЩȻԸȢһԼϲˣȢ֮ȴԵõܶĺô
ҪЩôѡġǲɼõġȻѡ˺ôȻҪЩʲô
˵ֻÿһ仰˵ƴǵĿϡ
ǣõʲôҪЩʲô
ǲɼõġ
Щƺúͨ͸ƴͫųһĨĿĹ
ԣڹúܺðҪҪԼҪʲôҪҾŬȥȡȻҲḶһЩֻۡɵ뵽
ҪɣҪ뿪
ֻҪֵþ͹ˡ
ǰҺ񡣡ãƴǲŻĴ³仰ŴǱ¶һĨɬģĺĽ㡣
ǰҲֻ뷨ϣֻһˮ续ĵطźһңڵ
ڣҲֻȥˣûǸˣˣûǸ徢ȥˡʲôĽģղ˵õһͱȻҪʧȥһͿԼ᲻ˣҪ߶ӵôأֻĳ˵ţ飬Խľ
Ҳӵйһ˵°ɡ
ƴɵЦţЦɴżֿɬûʲô᲻õģǾûˡ
Ǿһ˹ͦõģǺһӣȻ뿪֮֮ǰе㽶ʧȥ塣
еɫʶǻҰġ
ǡѵҪһ𣿡ƴǻһ⡣
һһ˹һӵûʲôһŮӣҪһ˹һӣһܿġ
ĺܺãȴⲻһЩ
ֻ°룺ĻȻٺòˣҺҿԶˡ˶࣬٣ǲָܹ޸ˡˣҿܲʮֵϲҺܺúܺã֪ҵС˼һΪ룬ʱҲˣϣиֻԼĽֲ
ҪôһĶҵĺ˶һ˹һӣҲԼίġ
ʵŮûаģ˲Уֻ˵仰Ϊʲôô˵ƴƵ˵š֪ΪʲôĻܹģһĹ͸ܣĲҪ

297 ¶

һϲΪŮһָԶֻҪ㹻ĺãͻᱻжȻͻϲ㡣˲һԵġٺöûõģϲϲϲǲϲֻ¶
ӿǰƴǡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪƴ˵Щ
ƴ˫ų⾹Ȼ΢΢ĴһĨ㣬סϵĲ豭ڴһڡ
֪ǰֻ˵ûеǹа仰ȴǾöԵġ
ЩΪʲôӵһʼͶһ飬ŵķԣžΡ
ҲΪĸṩ˲ٵİ
Ȼ߷һߣ֪ϲ˱ˣ֪ǸŮ˵ϸ֦ĩڣʲôû
˵Ǿ仰Ҳȷʵжˣ˵ֻҪֻ֪ϲҪ࣡
Ǹжжû취Ķ
һÿʱÿĶƽûּ¶ͻϲ
𣿡ƴǷ²豭漴ʵѵ𣿹ֻǧС㰮СӺС˽飬пһҺŵĹӺһ˽𣿡ֻ°˵ţ֮ǰƴʱٻ֪
һЩȴֱˣ˿ûһΡ
Щ˽⣿ƴƿ˫˵ԽЩһ㡣
öˣȻܽˡֻɵ˵š
ƴǶ˶٣֪Ϊʲôһߵоܹġ
Ҿ˵òԣһһϣĵҲ˶ԼϲŮӣܺãܺãΪʲôԸ⸶ǸŮӻ뿪ˡŮǸԵûŮֲɵ˵ֺҪŮ費ҪǲȱʧġҪĻһ˶Ů꺮ůģŮӾͺһˣԵ
ŮӺֻۣ̫ձˡ
͸˿Ůܺúܺһ
ٶĺҲֲϸ߸˧͵һư
һ仰ƴǾȻĪֻ˵ĺܶԡҸ˵ԽǼ棬ԽŮˣԽױ˵ĺжһõ̫ˣڶҪԼԼ鿿ߵĹԺѹȡ󡢷УһζĸԼʽҸж˵ĺûõĶһ㲻ˣʲôûˡֻĳ˵ţȻ֪һƴ
˶Ӱ졣
һ仰ƴĺݺݲһ¡
һֱֻǰ˵Ǿ仰
ϰһ仰˵꣬ʱéٿĸо
ΪֻһʹĽѵ̵ף˵ͺöǲ׵ġ
Ҷ϶ܹãԺ󻹻᲻һá
ڵ֪ʵ֮ŻߵøӼ
ΪǾøʢƴǣǽֻ
ò֮⣬ûһעʱ
һֻоһָ߲ʵĸоһںˣôһУһøӵҡ
Ż˵ĲҪġ
ҪһְȫԼʸУνĺã
ƴĴǻһĨŨĻȣԽĿɬ
һֱãƴǲƿúᡢܵ͹ｻ̸һඥĸо
ôˣӦòΪ·ǲŶԡֻƴϸ΢鿴úûбֳȴǾ쵽ʲô
ѲϻвϲŮˣֻЦ˵š
ƴûлشֻЦţһ۾㳯ķȥʲôʱˣ
ֻžɫȻȻҪˡ
ӦîʱˣⱡŨأӽһ̴꣬ӻû𣿡
ɽˡƴǻشһʱѾȥˣ̴ӻûлӦǳʲô¡ʲôһһµҪʱأһ죬ɽϾͱƣɼΧܵ͵ģɽ·Ϥ˺·ġֻȴʮ־ȵ˵Ķҵ̴ӣôܽ
һ˶أ
ûӣȥˡƴǴǴЦûбֳжżӣ̹Ȼ˵š
ֻһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôˣû˵һˣǮֲὫǿϴӡңٷô㸶ǮֻǾ֮ͶѡҲǷһӡ̴ڻûӦ·ˡɫҲˣҲòȥˡǹңҸдŽǷţڽǷӲ
ϡƴվǳƽ˵š
㻹ɽһȥʰһ䷿ɡֻƴǵĻΪľȡ
Ȼ̺ܸߣܺãҲ̫߹ԼˣڴȻǰǺСġ
Ĳô鷳ҽձɽġƴǵܺᣬȴƶûлء
ʱп´꣬ɽֻ֡ľŵ˼άĺڳˡ
Ҫ֪ҪǱɽʲôĽ
ûϵҼǵʱ·ƴɻﵭģϴݵЦҲûһ٣ȥñīɣ
Ҫߣֻȴʵ
šƴͷ
һ£ȥСɽֻֻѡЭ
ллĺ⣬Ĳ鷳ˡƴ˵ţͬʱһŨĴ֮ɢ
ֻҪȥԵЩ֪Ȥˡ
˼ҸҪæȴһȥ
Ȼ֣Ǿɡٷģ㸶Ǯһ˲ֻһǻѪˮĸо
һȥ󣬻̴ӽ͹ġȻƴȴǼҪ
ֻףԷž룬Ըʲôϸ
СˣѾЩϤůˡ
˵ƴǱ޳ĳ˳ȥȻһȴȫȻһˡ
ƴߵſʱֻȴǸɡ͵ŰɣԱʱ֮衣
ɡҾˣǵ˵Ͳˡƴͣ½Ųԥһ£󵭵˵
Ǹģñܹ㡣ɫܺڣɫҲأҪǱײͲˡڿˤǺصģΪпʧȥС
ƴֻⷬĲɵĶһ£һӹž
ָо¶
һ˲ʲôҪۿһ㡣
ллƴǽӹֻݹɡ͵һƬȴһƬƽһ̴һġλֻû˵ˣֻվſڣһֱƴ˳Žֵһֵ

298 

ļȷȷʵܹռԭ·߻ȥ
һһ·ߵĶֱߣûײǽڣ
ֻ׷ȥһ·ǲĶߵ˵˳
ֺ̬ȴջ˽š
ݶǲӵòͲ飬ȻٰĽ۹⡣
Ѿϰ˾ܾĮĶԴԴϾһЩ÷Ŀԡ
ڼ֮ˮһ±ƴǳɡеĵռһһ߳ܽ⡣
ʱ̴ᴭĳ߷һյɫĵһ¾̴ӵĿ⡣
٣ˡ̴Ӱʪʯͷϣɫ˵š
ɡƴ嵭뻩ˮںһ
ӣСˡ̴ֶƴ˵
ںһĩռҪĸо
ľʵĴˮžֱ죬ϵķŽˣһ󡰶
࣬ȴȫȻûöĸоӣСڳʱֱϵһ֦ˣûʲôоܹ֮˿ھͿʼ֮ܵƤͿʼһɫС񣬲ϵط
̴һƴǱǵ˵СȴԸϷ
һѾƴǵʪ˴룬ˮƴͦεϣ¶Ըжֽ˶
Ϊʲôƴǿʵ
С˵ǶԲ֭ҺѾߵѾȥҩҩͿĨˡ̴ص
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ƴû˵ת߽Լķ䡣
̴Ե̴ӻһۣ漴̾һ
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ǣҿüҲӳǰԼϵĺɫС񣬲ۣȥҲǰ͹ƽģʮֵѿ
Ҫ˵ЩδĻʺ󡣡ƴǵºͣѭߵ˴ǰԺҪͬһµģ
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ģһůܵҲǵһĨЦȡš
šƴǵ˵ͷ
Դ֮ľǵĹϵһ
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ӵļᶨһƴǻԴֻһģҲϲġ
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šĵ˵ͷһŴӴзôİתǧأ˫ƴǵӨˮҸͽ֮ɫ
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ܹҵǵһ롣һñ˴˸׽ƴǵĻУԽ˵ԽϸСӺߺ߰㣬ҲǺÿҪγѪˡ
ƴǣȥ𣿡һ仰֪˶ٵ
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ΪߣĶӶķ̣ƴȻҲܵˡ
仰оҪĿˣȫѪҺǷˡ
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ƴǾţţǼ㱡ϣĸֹܵԼÿһ缡ı仯
ϲһ˵ı֣
ΪԷţΪԷһ仰˷ܲѡ
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Щʧ䣬ȴǺܿģҲƴΪ˱
Ҫƴ
εδ𡱵ܵ䵽ʯϣ졣ֻԴСǰꡣѾʱˣȴûһ˯⡣

299 ĸо

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ĺ֣Ϲ壬뿪Ǹҹ첢û갡
Ҳûʲô£ҲûʲôɽǵġѾˡ
ѲΪű
ûиоˣǽ죬ȷʵôһ㡣
ֻ뵽⣬ɵ壬ԼԴԼ˫С
һˣĻϻӾһ´ˣ˵һжúõġ
˵ΪǵĹϵԱ׽һʱת˲ͱ衢Į
ͺղ˵Щֻһ㡣
ĸоΪĸоΪ
ҲףֻһԷĹͣҲһһμ棬ҹеССıˡ
ˡʱȴ
С㣬ʧˣݷҪȥҩ𣿡
һ˯ŵʱͿҩǿԼ˯ߡ
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ҽɣƣһЩ򵥵Ϸݷº͵ˮںһ𣬺Ǻ
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һ̸ˡָоеǿҡ
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С㣬ˣݷվֻԣĿǳĲ
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ݷû˵ˣҲ֪ʲôһʶУ͵ڼˡ
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лϰʢˡ
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ʱˣǸ̴ӣƴһɽǵ̴ͳһʱûˡ

300 

ǲһɽѾҪˣȷʵƽɽһɽϽ
һһӣ
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ͬһŮҪһ˰ֻгһβ֪
վڴǰĳˮʱͬȴκԤ׵ĳԺС
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ϾڵһȽϴĽգ֣ҪƽٳŵĹСŶʢװš
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ֱΧС￴Ųۣɫǽߣλӷ䵽һ顣վһԵֻΧ˵ѹͲں͵ͷŽµСʯͷ档

301 һ

ݷվƱſڣ֪ǸµģǷֿ
Ϊÿ涼д˺룬ȵʱһͻվŮڣŮĺƣȻİŮһӡ
ԺܶڹƺǰǰԸһϣܸɵһԼˡ
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ݸ֮󣬾ֱӳֻķȥ
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ֱֻӶϵĹӣָǼˣһЦĵС㣬ȥҽѵһǡǲҪڱ۱ˡ
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췽ΪظУԲŻΪŮڡ
ƴ߽ڴͱ˴ֵһſڵȺ򣬵ȵŮվſʱԴŽȥˡ
ƴȻվƵǰͬһʢֵĴСǰעĿ
ֻ˴ʱһ۾ͿվǰƴǣϵԵøľȡ
ָоԭΪټˣȴȻٴڹսһ㡣
ô⣿ֻдһĨϲ⡣
һεƴ۾һɫĲȴԽ͹Գ˫ɫӣһԸ˫ˣǰ֬ļ£Ϊ˺ء
߽һɵҩζƴǵɢ
ƴֻҲЩȣ̶㵭ĵһ䣺ɡ
֮󣬾ͺһתߵ˱𴦡
ȴû뵽ײǸ˾Ȼϰĵܵܡһ𣿡ֻȻ֪ݷºƣűʵ

302 û˺ø

ֻĿģƴǵķӦЩĮ롣
ֻҲûж⡣
һ·һȫʶ˴һ𣬵һʶҳúÿ˴һˡ
ǡƴǴӴе³֡
Ǻҿ㲻¥ˣ·ﻹεģֻĻһ±Щࡣ
ƴŴû˵һĨš
۾ˣ͵˵һģһģٺܿ죬ҲΪ⣬ҴһĨ
Ҳֻ
ֻĻӦܹϳİɣ
õݣֻ֮ӦÿĻ
﴿ģǡҪԼһ룿ƴû˵ȴӰֻǸ˵顣
Ҫֻһˣ׷һô⡣
˵ͬĻֻɺ϶ѡ
Լĸ
δġƴ΢΢ѿɫĴֻ
ֻϵЦ˶٣оı·ȴͻȻ˰һŰ㡣
ô˺ƣǾֻԼԸȶԷˡƴǵǳǳĵȻ䡣仰еȴѾˡ
ԭֻɴЦ⣬Ȼûиղôģ˷ˡ
ȻûʲôȴǲɵĻһĨʧ䡣
ǰʱˣһζС䣬һЦĺվ棬߽ƴǺֻʵʹӺ͹˹գ
ֻǰԷʵģ˫˽⣬ȻҪ˫ֿʼ
ֻһԵƴǣȻûҪˡ
ִƴǵе˵
ȻҲġ
ִëʴдֵ㶣ֿ˿ֻϵЦƺЩΡ
ȴںֽд֡
תͷֻأ
˽ֻ˫ֻأȻԷ˵ôԣұֵôȷˡҪ˵ԼֵĻԼеϸ˼˾˵һŴʷ
ЦЦֵͦģ
ףλͨأճɾ˵˵һЩī
һ¾ֳһݻʮֵϲ졣
֮˽õĻݵ˸ǰ
ƴǵȻûȥӣˡλô˺ƣԲŻᱻ䵽һġ
һ£ϵЦԽˣջеĻ۾ƴǺֻ֮䲻ϵĿţɻɫһ±Ȼˡ
Ҳ˵ôһ֥湫ôòªĹء
ֻ˫ֻصվһԿţṴһĨЦϲ֪ҪòܵԸ𣿡
ҪͨصٶˣĻһӣĻ˵׼ˡ˻ش
ֻЦһ¾ͳĵڶȥһһƾŹĶҪŹͼƴճһܽ򿪡
ֻûһͽŹϵĻԭˣžһͽ⿪ˡ
ֻƿž˽ȥźһĳȣûеκεĵΨм¹Ҷķ϶кӰӰ´µģ롣
˹ܱǸΪδ޵ʧ󣬵ˡƴֻŲäȸֻ
޹ӣҷǹģû㽫Լ¼ϡõĻΪ˽ˡ
ƴû˵ʲôˣĬĬäȸֻ
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ƴֻĽŲҲˡһ¾ߵֻǰ档
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Ҳŵò尡ֻܵҲôһ˲顣ºܿͻָƽˡ
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ͬʱǰڣԱߵǽдһʾ˵·ֻһܹ˳ͨԸôҵȷ·ҪԼѰˡ
ֻϸϸǰǳǰʫ֮⣬ûˡ
ȻͲڵʫ档
ǲˣǴأǲֽأ
ֻĬĬһʫʡ
˹ɷ֪дݣʱվһԵƴǿڵֻƳһƴǣû˵ΪƴǸոյһ仰ĺøȫû˰ɡ

303 ϿҵĵǸ

Ȼ˵Ļ֣Ҳܿίˡ
˲ʲô
Ǿ仰ƻĿǾáȻŵˡ
ȻͶûкøˡ
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˹ƴǼֻԾû˵̧
ֻûȥƴˣѾ˲Щʫܡ
ߡֻЩʫ֮󣬱̵óһͳֱȥ
ƴֻֻ˼Բûлش⡣
Խǵ棬ؿѶȾԽѣֻܹŴ˽ӽֱرִ˵ЩؿѲġ
ƴһ·ն˿ʲô赲оҪ˶Ǿ˳ĵִԸˡ
ڼƴǺֻ˶û˵һ仰ΧҲʮֵİ
Ψƴäôڵ淢ġơ졣
ꡱһײ죬ֻɹҵŵԿףССӳ˷ŴŵԿ֮⣬ú˿ĺɰ
ɰŵһЩǹ
Ӧþ췽͸ҵһЩС
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ƴԾɳĬĸֻ󣬳ֻܹͨĽŲԼеäȱ·֮⣬ʲôֲˡ
ֻȴǿųǰһľʼѡ
ȻҪ˫ˣﻥĲЩľ߹ȥġ
ƴ
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Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҪô˲ƶˮѣ˼Ұ֣ҲǱ֡
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ֻͷϵһľŻ谵Ĺߣƴǵдţ÷Ż֦˺޵ңˮ͸ﴺ̡̣͸̣͸̡
ֻдһƴǾһ֣Ǻҷ׼ҧټǸдԵɤʫһܡ
ȻƴһֻһѾﲻסЦˡ
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һ£ܶˡ
ղԼһ˹ȥһ˶£˹ǼǺ£ƴɫǵģǳǳĴǻš
˵ʲôǷ׷ǹʵģΪʲôҪǺ㰡ԭҲ֪ð
²⣬ΪܹȥģǸƴ΢΢壬ϿҵĸֻǸ
⵹ֻԼЩСˣӣˡʫ治дģԼˡʫȷʵдģƼˮ꣬ϴڿջ˵һǳҲʮָмֻ½δһͬġҲϣδŮһ飬׽ɣ
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ȥϲЩСԷע⡣
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304 Ը

Ҳֻܹܵĺøеģδ֮ȴķʽӽŻ˵ǷĮĻġ
ǵдʫʱȴһ¾Լˡ
Է˳ϿҶֿĵǸֻбȻɢĬĬ̾ΪʲôһŮ꣬ȫվŮǶȥĺˣһô㡣
ΪʲôʹûأϹҲ㡢ҲܺãֻҪռִҪߡûķʽ˼һ⡣ܹ뷨ȥɿеǸ
ߵĻҲߵز
ǹﲻĻ¿Զƴ˵ˣŪͺˡҪĻһ̲סЦ۵ġֻҡҡͷһվߣ߲ʵܹôϿҵĸǸ벻
жѡ
ƴֻŴЦţǹǾͿЩ߰ɣ
ǰӦûˣܼܿδޡҲ뿴δ޳ʲôôϲֻȻЦ˵ģȴǾԼеᡣ
ȻҾȢȻ˺ϵ׼ЩֻҸĶѡƴǿܵ˵š
ֻ΢΢Цţ¶ӾĿƴĲգĵ׷ԽĳĬˡ
Ȼô㡢ãδҲȻʮֵ㡣
Ͼǹƽģʲô˵Ȼͻʲôˡ
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ʵͶԷ򵥵˵˵ѡ
ȻԷû˼ֻ뾡ļδ޶ѡ
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һ㿴ǰһٻĵţŵǱ߾һž޴ɡ״Ը
֦ҶïԸ֦ϹúֽɵСҹɫ£ÿĿ
Ըһһ˨źľƣѾмȵľдԼԸȻҵԸϡ
ֻͷǹ貵ӳ뵽ںڵͫС
ԸܹҵһɾҲедŶĳ˵ĸףԼһЩʫ֮ġ
㲻Ը𣿡ֻ֮Ťͷһߵƴǡ
ƴҡҡͷ
ҲԣʱδһԸֻЦ˵ժһöľƷģҪʲôԸ
ȴҲ֪ԼҪʲôԸ
һ紵ֻȹڣڼͷīϵľײһ𣬷ա⾲׵ҹɫںһ𣬷á
һĨܵ紵뵽ƴǵıϢƴǶʱһ־ΥϤС
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ֻеɫԽĸˣҲǾһЩˡ
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ӣ𣿡תšûʲôģȥɡƴ΢´ǣ˵

305 ʺ

Ըֻ֮ݷǰ滶ЦţƴǺǳĬĸں档
Ը֮ǰһԹ
е˵ֻҪԸԸ֮ʱ֮ǰ˳߳ԹģôԸͻʵ֡
ռذĶԹͿ֪ˣܹʱ֮ǰ߳ģǶ
˶ʱ󣬱췽˸
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һĹӣǰߴŵĹ٩٩̸֮Ǻŵػʫ˵Ĵ
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ǰĹأǵʹͷϹŵЦ⣬һǶ˵ĻⲻȤȴֻš
ǰӣұȥɡݷ㿴ǰСӣ¹ҫ·ŰһĹâ
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Ѿǵ˭ˣԼ˭֪ˡ
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Ԯƴ̫˳ػλƴʱ򻺻ڣһ紵ˮϡԶԶԣƴ̫ӿԡ黭һżλ̶һʱ䣬ͽ֮ǰڻȫˡصũ嶼ûһһԸԭؽɢˡа
һ͢ȫˡ˵ƴǵʱ֮壬ͬʱҲΡ
Ҳֻаܹǿ֮ȼ磬аһҪ˶ãȳԪָһ쳯̤ƽٲȻһǹӡ
ƴǾȻܹô̵ʱͶԼĻλ͹ǳ
аҲԼĻλ֮ϵȻڻа
ΪϹˣ
ƴ֮аɳǣԼڴʱȥΪϹʱ͵ص㡣
ʱƳ֮⣬ڿ϶ͬһ졣
ⱾһǿʳʱǲŬչѵ±Ļ㳯սҲսƴƿɫ˫ﵭ˵š
˵ʵϲսҲǲȥս
Ⲣܹġ
ôǱĹҹһùľǳˡ
ñĹԼȥˡ
ȻҲҪķչˣ
̫࣬ȻҪģ
ֻҪܹƽȶԴǳҲûʲôõġһܵľͳܿ࣬һͳΣԼӺùֻɵĿ˵
ƴǻаʱûмܹ֮ȼ磬˵˼ǻˡ
Ͼ˼ܰ֪ܶռ࣬˺üսЩŵĻҪǿ౶ԣιһλλ»ʲľ޽󹬣ǳϵǻҲֻǽ֮ǰĹɼסѣһȥˣδּѡ㡢
ӯ󹬡ͬĵͷһڼԼĻôܻ᲻һλأ
ֻЦһ£Щŵĵɣϵǻһ࣬һ˶ûУ԰ڹ£ҪӭȢʺˡ˵϶δĻʺʮֵӡڳǻûÿʼ׼ԼʺĲʽˡ˵ֱ꣬һ
ЩߵĴͷһƬϲ֮㽫õתһԵƴǡǿĹһϲλʺˣֻϹӯЦݣԵ˵š

306 Ϊʲôƭ

ĬĬףǣ
仰ٴνߵԵƴǣҲԵĳƴǰһЩ
ڵȴһظ㡣
ϾǳδĹĸҲΨһĹĸȻҪӡƴǳĬһȴǸĻش
ϲȻӣӲһϲ
ƴǲϲԼƴ仰ĳŵҲˡ
ʱˣǸϽ߰ɡݷЩٲȻȤɫ֮ԵֻĻɽ·͸ˡ
ôˣ㻹Żܽ򰡡һҿջסɡֻݷֱеĿԡ
ЩԺҪôϱˡ
òԼᵽϣԶദһݷȴúץᣬȴȻڲ·顣
ҺǹŴ԰ҪִôŶ
ܿƴǳǿļԼݷ㼫ǿķ£һ˺ܹԾʹԹ˳
췽쳣ľȣôʹûܹһʱ֮ھ߳ġ
ݷֻ췽͵Ʒ֮󣬱뿪ˡ
Ҳѡȥطˡ
ǳѾһʱˣȥϢɣƴɤ˵ţⴺںһ𣬸һƢĸо
áƴǶһȴҲǾҪȥ콫鴫
ʱһʱʱ䣬Ծǵƻ𣬻С뺢ͯһ𣬸֡
ƴǵݹľƣּ㣬ȴзǣһһвŮд
˰ľּԭⲻĵ̳ƴ֥ҡҷķ£ƿɫˮĴԸ²Ҫκ̴֪򡣡
ǡ褽ӹľ֮˫ֱȭ뿪ˡ
ܿĻôд֮Ϳжϳǲֻˡ
ֻжˡ
ƴб̵Ļֻıʼ
ҪҪǻһȥһаֻݷ뿪ûãͿʼа顣
ݷֻٲȻѾû֮ǰ£Ա㲻ɵĿʵ
ڻеаϹ
ǸΪԭϹ
ţ˳ȥҵֻ룬վǻȥɡ
ϾϹһһֻİɣ
áݷֻڿϻˣ㲻ɵ¶һĨ桢ϾЦա
һЦʱ㽫ԵһյƸȥ
ˣղλǺһλܾȴ벻һݷɫЩ˵š
һολʱȻǵһμ棬ȴϤĸо
ҲʶңһҡݷƾԼĸо˵
ϾҲ󣬼ŮӶ¶޵ɫΨȴ¶һľš
㵱ʱô˵ֻҲϡǵλ￴ݷɫȷʵһ˿⡣
Ҳȷݷɫã˵š
һʱи˵ʲô𣿻Щʲôֵľٶ
ҵʱͺܺ£Ȼеִңȥ֮͸Һ棬˭û˵ֱҵõЩɰƷһûôҡ
ľ죬֮ǰݷ㳤ұϲôܻ£
ţҿԿ϶ݷ÷ƶ˵šȻһȴһƬãʵڲ֪Լ
ҿ˵ʶͨˣǻ᲻ŵˣֻ󵨵Ĳ²š
ݷ˵λ￴Ϥλһݷе⡣
ȻλӦʶݷġ
֮û˵ݷݣǾͺλݷйˣ
Ҳ֪ݷҡҡͷͷֿʼʹˡ
ҲйǵѵĻ˵ŵˣֻһ뵽֮ǰ˵ġ
ŵ˶һöǵѡ
ֻҪǵѣôڸŵ˾ܹܵ
ֻô̫ðˡ
šݷ˵ͷ
ݷңλ￴ʱʲô飿ǾšŻǿ־壿ֻҪȷλݷĺ£һֺ¡
־壬ɫˣͬʱһĨ𾪡񿴵ͻȻֱ顣ݷĻŸղı顣
Խ˵ͷԽĿʼʹؿڵλҲʼʹ
ͺؿڲһȻһ˵Բ
Ǹĺ񡭡
ݷ㣬ǲˡֻĵһоǸϽߡ
ĵݷʱݷǱ׷ɱ˭֪׷ɱݷǲڵЩأ
ݷȴʹԼԴĶ
һ˲ͻ糱ˮӿ뵽ԺУԴ·Ҫըһ㡣
ʹٶŤһ
С㣬ôˣС㡭ֻסݷ壬͸ĲϣܹоݷļʮֵĽӲ
ԼǴëв͸ĺˮ
ҲǡҲǡݷҪըԴ˻ߵĺš
ɫһĴӶͷϱĳôĿ¡
С㣬㲻ǣ㲻ǡֻЩҵıסݷ㣬Ҫסݷ
ݷڸʲôΪҵʹɫͫһ˲˳졣
ֱΧһ翴һѸٵľĵطš
Ҫɱǡһŭݷзͬʱһǿѹݷڱֱӽֻɳȥصײǽϡ
С㡭ֻһײʹüҪʹȥлǺݷ֡
ŷݷһֱ˹ȥ
С㣬С㡭ֻѵĴӵСỽ˼
ݷĲٶȼΪĿ죬˵˫
Уȥ˵ģ
ˮˮֻñˮܽƵʡ
ֻ֮ݷ峯ղ߹ȥ
ͨһֻݷֱµĺӡ
ĺˮ㽵һݷƵʣļҲʼи
ݷԾɻԲѣֻĻС
ΪʲôҪƭңһܵͺܱʹݷ˵ôᣬȴôľ
˭
ݷƵʽƽֻ֮ݷ˰϶ʪģյķһ·ܽⴵ˵ĹС
ֻݷ壬Ĳš
ɫԽԽ·ϵҲʼԽԽ٣·ŮһĻȻЩŻˡ
׼ǰѯʵʱȴһ±ֻŵˡ
Ϊ󣬶ΪֻմˮʹͿĨϿϺһȥͬһŹһ㣬ڻ谵Ĺһգ͸ӵˡһĵطȻ͸û˸ҿˡ

307 ʶҵܵ

ﰡҲסǽǴ磬ǰͱˣʵûпշϰ忴ǰʪֻЩΪѵ˵
ֻûڶ˵һ䣬ֱеʮƱ˶¥Ĵŷķţ˭ҪǸóһ䷿䣬Ҿ͸ʮ
ϰСæȥȰ裺סĶοͣøˣסʲôطȥ
ֻȴûܣţǽ顣
ԡƴϡֻĿ۾⾧ǰȴֻһģӰӣʲô£
عӵĻһŮӻʪҪס꣬˵ǺܵܲСĵˡǿͷѾˣŮӱ¥Ҫóһ䷿غ̴ӻش
ƴû˵ֻ߽ҲԽĽˣȷʵֻ
ϰ壬ҵܵھͻԲѵ档ֻҪһ䷿ٸҵˮͺˣסڴҲСֻдһĨ
˹µķøɡʱһôֻ
ƴһɫľƽۣոԡķ˿ɢڼͷһŨīдڱѩ֮ϣһͼ
ֻȴһ£ݷղŵĻֱԵҪܾ
ղѾʹҿջ˶ǿڳȥҵĻջˡ
ʪһҹĻʮġ
һ󴺷紵ֻĲһ¡
ƴ̴ӽݷ̧Լķ䣬ȥһЩɾ·ݷ㡣
˹Сˮ͹ģȰϵ·ɡʲô¸µ̴˵һͺáƴǲûж˵仰뿪ˡ
лƴǸոԡζֻ˲һɾëݷ塣
Ӧûʲô󰭣֮ͺˣ
֪ƴǽԼķøݷֻ֮ƤӲš
ǹӽ˯ĶԵŮ
˺ö˶˵ˮȻҵҿջɺϣأ
ȥ̴ķˡŮش
֪ˣȥһɾ·ȥ͸˹룬ΪԼģԼȥɡ
ֻݷϴ֮󣬸׼ȥʪ·һ
˹ǹ·ģܽ𣿡
ֻԥһ¿һ۴ϵݷ㡣Ҳ˲ЩˣѾ뵽ǵˣҲˡ
ʪ·ϣֻQ˹յ쾡¡
ٻɫֻϣһŵ
ŵ˲㶡
֮Ŀ䵽ֻױϣ˹
ֻЦЦϵë˲ͷһҩģͿĨϿ𵽷ɹá
ֱֻ۾˵Ϲ
ԭ˹ܽ𣿡˿˵
ɡֻһ£㳯ԱŲŲÿһ·
˹ܵû°ɣһ߽㿴ݷڴϣĲռҫ£һĹ
û£˯һͺˡֻԹ۲ɫƽĻش
˹ȥϵ·ɣСˡ㽫ϵ·ֻ
ллˣЩ˼ҵС㣬ӦòҪ˴·ֱӸӰɣֻһ·ϱ֪Ʒͨϰܹ򵽵ġ
ˣ·͸ˡЦҡҡͷ漴һ˫ֻϡ
ֻϻɴǲȥѿİͺӡ֮ļϸ壬֣ճˮܽһ㣬ȻȥΡ
˫¶ɴ֮۾Ǹ֮زز仪ϵһɴ°㡣
ݷһ˫ұһмƣֻһγһŨޡѤá
ѲãݷҲǡ
ôÿһΪʲôҪɴŰžȻҪ֪ɴ֮µݾʲôġ
ΪҶԻ۹һСĻͻӣ硣ֻдɴŻõֺֻһڡ
ʱС
˹ȥ·ɣιܵܺȲɣϾڴʱܻܵǺչҵġǰһֻ
áǾ͹ˡֻҲûзԣ·߽磬Ȼ۽ǵȴһֱϡ
ŲߵǰŴɫЩ׵ݷ㣬ڲϵš
ۡüĴôƣһģп̳һ㡣
Ψһһľһ£
ôȥˣӡô̶
һұѤõڻ欣ȴִĶ
ڴϵȴվ滨µа꣬͸¶ŴӵϢûһΣպΣ
ֻ͸ķ϶һֱעһһ
ΪǱģȻϵı飬ȴҲ֪һֱڿݷ㡣
Ȼʶݷġ
һδʲôأֻѵϳʪ·ʵ
˹׵ܵܰɣȴûлشֻ⡣
ôˣֻѾ·߳
еܵܺͽμӴ˺ƵģתֻһĨȣ
·Ϊһ㣬һһеʡ
ǣ׵ܵܡֻһøëűˮŪʪͷһùϵĲߺ
ˣȴץĹؼ
ǣϵĵܵܣǽֻȥġֻҡҡͷ
㿴ܵϲ𣿡ŴЦһ£ֵôʶģ
ô֮ǰʶҵܵܣֻе룬Ṵ˹ʵ
˹ôأҽҲǵһμܵܡ仰ʱϵЦⲻźۼһ£űֹƽ˵
ȻӵȴѾ
ֻúʳ仰ʱӵԲһ¡
ʱˣҾͲܵϢˡеĲ֮󣬱˳ȥ
ɹŵЦݣһֱŵǿ̣ŵиɴ³һ
ӣСˡ̴żŮվ⣬ɫдһ˿⡣ڵƴһ֮Լ˳ȥ
ôˣƴתķȥ󡣡С鲽һ¾˽ƴǵĻУ§ƴǽ˶֫ƴǣе£Һòã

308 ԭ

Ѿ滹أƴǲ΢΢һһξ롣
ƴ¡ȻͲҪˡˮܵ⿴ƴǣɤǿ
Ȼָֻ
ƴŴĬһôͻȻˣҲǽ룬һֱ룬ʱ޿̵Ķ룬ҪٻˣҸô죿ƴǣҪȢΪûйϵҾ£᲻Ҫң˵ҫ˸Ų
Ĺâץסƴ½ǵҲԽĽˡ
£ҪƴȴΪ¡
Ҫ룡ƴ㻪һƬĬοᷢġ
ƴǣһǺ£Ҳ֪ΪʲôĻųӣҺòãͷƴǵĻУҲü
һĬƴǱĴš
Ӵл³һ仰ãҽȥ㷿㡣
仰֮ͷİĺͿˡ
ԺҪ˼ˡƴǽֿڵ
ҹɫžڷϵķżᷢһġˡ죬ǵƻҲһƬŨīȡ
˯ڴϣһۺͰġ
ڴصƴǼѾ˯ˣĴгԼ֣׼뿪
ƴǱӸڷ䴫ϸ΢ŲԼ·
ƴǵķǰŵģ⴫ķ䣬ȻƴǵǼ䷿䡣
Դֻȷʶݷֻ֮ҪⷿҵһЩ
ⷿó䷿ʱѾ̴ӽԼĶȥ˱ķ䡣
ֻһȦȻûҵʲôõ
ֻֻ÷ŹǷʼ˼Ҫô˯
ҺóжޱͷֱֻӴ˯ڵϡ
ֻ̺ñӣȥôϵһͷʱȴмŰֽͷе
ֻϵİֽֽϵּԾ͸ֽǿΪƴǿԵʣдĲ롣
ֻߵ£ֽϵݣɬѶǸпαĹһ
֣ȫʶȫֻ֮ЩѶˡ
ֻһһţ˺ü鶼ûʲôͷȴҲܴŲ³ⷿеݲ򵥡
Ӧĳһ¡
һֻǴһݸ壡
ⲻֻˣԭûнӴһֻϣѾһһֵķš
Ȼվǽߵƴǣȴǽֻ뵽С
ֻʱĲݸʱϵɫȻˡ
ֻ
Ȼֻ¥֮󣬱ȥѧϰ˵˵ķʽ
˵ٱȽϿ죬˵ҲȽϼ࣬û
ǵЩʫʱ᲻лصԼ
кܶƵˣͱϸֻ꣬ȫһģһ
ϸԼ˵ķʽֻһ
ϸСͱѵһֱͺ͵ģǴϸһ㣬ûжٵȡ
ֻةฮǧС㣬Ỻȴ͸¶Źеһ͸Ÿգ͸񡭡
ϸȫһġ
Եһһֵֽϵݣظ˺ü֮Խȷֻˡ
ƴڰɫǽǰٻɫ⽫֥ӰҷڵϣԵ÷Ķͺ͹¼š
ԭ̫߹ˡ
뿪֮йһϢ֪
ҲǴδݺò
Ҫ΢ȥ˽һôϲƴأ
ƴЦһֱòֻӦûһʲôˣ뿪һЩϢ
ˣҲ̫ˣ
ƴ˺ܾãܾá
һ˲ӿһָо֮ǰԼ˵ģඹ״
ڶճؾ褱ÿƴǵķţһֻʼľƽƴǵУȫǰ̵ּģһ
ƴǽӹǿֻʼľƣĴָЩּϻϸϸһƲһΡ
ʵлһ˿ϣģϣǸ˲ֻ
ֻֻǡưˡ
ϵƣһ˵ıʼȴǶһ޶ġ
ֻıʼɣֻ
ƴľƵٿһþһľƱƴǵ˼롣
ȥ˰ɡƴǽѵľƷϣܵĶž˵
ǡȥѵľơ
ƴֿڵڰȥһ¡
塱Ӵķ϶дùϵķ巢졣
ݷ۾ѤõһлתţǰİĻݱ¶һĨãȻ
漴һŤͷ㿴˯ڵ˯ֻ
ݷԴʮֵۣƱһ㡣
С㡭ݷ˴ֻԡ
ֻһüͷʮֵ˼¾Ťͷ˯
ݷȾ˫ṴһĨƵЦݣС㣬ʲôط
𳳡ֻĺˣֱӷ˯
ݷԱߣԴֻԵֿɰ˯ˣұеһһһ֮ɫ
ݷ˯Сèֻ˴ϣֻЩݷ㻳˺ߣһŵĴʱʵˡ
˹𣿡ŵʱȥһ룬ûмֻӷгƴǱ̴ȥֻš
ŵݷ㡣
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ʱֻҲŵˣһֻۣŵķȥ
ãллҹӡݷ㳯¥µķ˿һʤѩ޷һ浾ŵŮڴš
¥¿ʱ۾ŰײҲ΢΢ͷķ
ֻӴŹǷٲȻһû˯ѵӣӦҲЩٶۡ
ݷڴվ˰ŷӦ
Сˣʲôʱѵģôֻ̧֪һСԴ۾˷ܵţֵ֮ĵ֣ô˯ˣ
ʱ㱧ϴġݷʹͳ˵
ֻһڷӦݷ˵Ļ
ݷǲǵϷˣֻʵдһ˿
ݷһ£ֻǵú˵⻰ҵͷͻȻʼˣҪըһ㣬ʮֵܣ֮ʲô֪ˡ
ûһǰ飿ֻʵòܰ춼˵һˣӦüһЩŶԡ
ݷһãȻҡҡͷûУʲô벻Ǻüÿˣȴʲô벻֪֪һ֣˵ƭ㡣һӳûУΪݷոѹݷܹˡ

309 ˺

ݷ˼룬˰ȴûκεͷ
ˣˣʱ벻ͲˣܻġֻݷһãȻҲݷˡ
ݷѾ˻ָˣҪ˶ãݷ϶ǰġ
¥ʱƴǺڴǰһֻСƴĵĸʲôƷֵʲôϰԡ
һЦš
ӣллѷøҰƱ͵ǷǮɣֻ߹ȥеƱϡ
ƴת۾ɲһײԽԵ˫һĺ촽ĺÿջ
ˣ˹ҲʶһǾ֮ͶѡܵѾû˰ɣƴǴǺЦӳů⣬һ䵴ŴһҶСļ䵴㡣
Ųۡ
û£ҵܾܵϲСĵºӵʱͷѾˣûκ¡ֻ˰ֳ֣ƴԵȥ
Ǿͺáһ緹ɡƴ͵˵š
ֻһϵͣҡҡͷˣѾܴˣǻҪŻȥţǾˡ
˹ɽҪһʱʲôԣأƴ΢ͷɫĹâȻϸŶ˵Ĺ⻬ǴǹյҲΪˡ
˿˺һϢ
ǽҲҪɽȥܽסϼգ˹һ·ɣ˳Ҳøǽµصķ顣ƴǽֿڵ
ƴǵЦݺܺÿˣҲһ緹ֻҲһԾˣȻ֪ԷδˣȻҪ־ˡ
ɴȡܳԣһժԷ֪òˡ
˵ԷʲôݣݷϲʶûŪأ
ӣĲ˼ʱĲˣǻҪдˣҪǲ׼ʳĵĻͲˡҪˡֻǱǸ˵š
˵ֻԱߵݷ㳯ȥ
֪˹ﻹпյķ𣿡ƴǵٴ𣺡˵˹ĿջɫԱһ
仰㳯ƴȥдżɻ
ֻҲԥһ£֮ǰҪƴסһƴǶԸ⣬ȴҪסޣ˳ǺݷйءǴ磬ԲοͶɽﻹпշġֻ޲ǿջҪסĻҪṩͨ뺵ǼǵġֱֻӾܾģ΢ԥһ
±㿪˵
ȻԷҪ̽ݷ㣬ǾӦòҪݷ֪ǵʵݰɡ
ãԡƴǺˬĴӦˡ
ƴǣΪʲôҪס˹ݷ뿪֮ɻţĴһ˿ġ
ǲ˵ʲôλƴ֪ʲô˹￪ܽɫ˵ĻӭȻпշǵȻҪȥסˡƴ޳ְɫĲ룬ıʼһʱҲԾ
ʱܽסϼհɡ
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313 Ⱦ

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314 һаŮ

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û뵽СҲ̴Ե̾һ
˵ڤڤעһˣߵĺǶ
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315 С

ƴǹźԭվһ漴޳ĳȣȥ
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316 

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317 ᲻

ֻƴǵҲ߶ʮһ׼Ⱦܵġ
ºĲ˵֪
ǵƴǽгʱȴֻĽŲһͣסˡ
ⲻݷеǸ
ǵͨ뺶ǼٵģǶŵˡ
Ҳ϶ʶݷģ
ݲΪ˲Щ֤ݵ
ˣҴݹҺ𣿡ƴƺΪ߽˾ˣԽˮʯ˿˿ö
ƴǵΪˣһ˿˿Ĺƻֻվԭԥš
ɴ¹͸񻨳ӳڵһصİ˪
ֻ廨Ϲ˪ɫѩۣӦƴǻ·
ûҵʲôõõϢҲӦǱƴţ˵Ͳ·С
ŵ˵ĻϾһЯŹǵѡ
ֻһ֮󣬱ĽŸˡ
Ѿ
ֻĳȥ߻ҰҲ֪Աʲôط
Ӧ÷ϡƴǵٴδ
ֻҲϿȥȻһȫ»δõǰķϡ
ֻϣͨݽȥûеƣڵס¹⣬һƬڡ
ֻҲû濴ֻһµԡζֱ꣬Ǻš
ֳֻ߽һЩ岢ûߵȥʪԡ裬ֱֻһ裬ƴǱˡ
ȻɫΪĲȻļһȣ̣עȴƴǹϵġ
һֻҲ͵͵˹е·ȻָʹһӨӲǽһʪɢȴһץסԡͰϵ֡
ֱֻԵİתеƴǣƴǲȥǣӨָתסֻ
ֻһֻӦʱȴһ±קУײ뵽һůš
ôҷʲôƴǵֻ
ֻ̼һҪըһ㡣
ţƴǵʹͷƴʪµ˿ƤĻľѣʱһɴĸоĴ
𣿡ƴ̧֣ϸָṴȥֻͷĳʵ
ҲΪֻԴһѹʶľȥƴǣҪƴǱһξ룬ҪһҪĶӵĸо
ƴȴǴǺЦֻ˻תֻȦ˻ʲôǿҪ˲𣿡
ֻĸͷֻƴǵļͷһƴȦڻУһֱСӥڻеĸоֻҪؿˡ
ÿ鼡һƬȣڵƹ¿ĻͿһ֬һ㣬һƬ糺졣
ƴҲоˣҪǣôôᡣ
սеֻøˡ
ֻⷴԽĽšˣٲȻƴĽȫûһ˿ɡ
ֻٴҪƴǵĻѶ
ҪڶһĻԻᱻƴǵеġ
ƴҲɿеֻ뿪Ļ˫Ƿֻ۵֫ϵġ
Ҹ佺÷ͷʪţҲɣƴ
ֱʱֻףƴԡˣ佷ѡǽȥǹ·
ֻЩ߷ߣϵĺθɢ˲Ӹ
ȴʱ侲
ƴǶղһУֻΪ
һ뵽ƴǺ֮˵ۺУ綫ĺһһɬ
ͬʱԴҲԽѹ֪ԼȥЩ߰飬ҲþĴи
ƴǵķΪѰģӦóᣬƴǻûз֮ǰղӲ﾿ʲô
ƴִֻ˳ɫһ±䵽ƴǵϡ
ֻһ˿ѣ½΢·ĴҲδϵĴϡ
ֻǿѹס࣬תԼߡ
ƴǰſڴ̨ϣһͷʪīɫɢļ
ֻҪƿյĴȴǱƴסˣճˣһġ
ԵߣɤչɽϪ´һеĴ硣
ΪĿңһҵļ¶
ȻѾ˺ܶ飬Ϊʲôѣûб
Ȼһζûһôǿҹ
Ҫòòة֮Ů黭Ҳᣬȴûгֹһң֪ǰԨȴҲ֮µˡ
ȻȻˣȴѾǱ˵δˡ
һжڤڤעģ
ĽʡԹûã
ΨһľǿԼеǷ
ҳŻû׹ԨǰϽ
ֻһһɾëƴһĲͷϵˮ֡
˼ȴתƵϹŵ·ϡ
һָֻƴǲͷһֻ͵͵쵽ϣš
лǳ׺𣿡ƴڣ˫ֽ°£Щš
ֻѾ·ϵǸӲǿľƣ滹һ鲼ƴ仰ֱ˶١
ʣõĺܺã
ҲֻԴ룬ˡ
ûƴ׼ڵʱȴ
ƴһ£漴ʲôֵΪʲôҸոԡʱһֱ롣
ֻѾǿľյУԺﲻȻſ죬˼Ӻ󣬲ŵɻ˺ͳɻǰǲһġ
ƴЦˣȻı¡
ѹûа취ͨϳݣ
ôһƴʵ
ôֻ֪˵һ䡣ľкŬҪʲôľơ
һ𣿡ƴϸĥֻǾ仰һ
¹ֻϾţֻܿľƺʹԸԸƺ񣬵дȴôҲ
ѲɣʱƴǲûнԸƹҵԸȥǴ˻
ΪʲôҪأ᲻Ϊľдģ᲻ᡭ
˵ĴǣϲҲϲ㣡ֻҲһֱƴĲǷ룬ͬʱҲ֪ľǲǾǴϵǿԸƣ

318 Ҳ

šֻһͷʼѰһӣҪϵǵյ
ƴڴߵЦᴵ˫ϵԴ΢΢һȣȢ˱ˣҿܻᡣȢĻһᣡ
Żӵֻٴһ͡
ŵǿԸҲ΢΢Ȼˡ
ôϲδޣôܻдԸأ
ԸҪôֻǵţҪôԸġ
ֻҲԽĺԸϾдʲô֡
òϵĻʱ׼ȥϵĵյ
˫ֵſڰϵƴȴֱһ¾ץסֻ󣬽˻
ֻͻһû뵽ƴǻͻȻĻֻļⶼˣһӦǴƴǵĻվƴȴһ¾Ϳ˹
Ҹղ˵ĻûУƴǴͷǹµԡζе֮һŨ뵽ֻıϢҪϢ
šֻ޿ɶ㣬ҲʱóֻƫԴĵ˵ͷȻٴҪƴǵĻվ
Ժϲ𣿡ƴְסֻϳ˵ĺף૶š
ȵϢƴϵζϣȵøյһ㡣
ᡣֻ߬еԸƣ˫ֵƴǹ̡ϡǵĲƺȵָڻһ㡣׵ĸܵƴǽʵǿؼ
ƴ΢ɲĹ˹ֻĶͷٴʵ㡭ϲ𣿡
ֻղһȵˮĻôڵֻȫѪҺˡ
ִһֱָͷ˿ĻȣӾͬʱҲĺüٶֳ
˵ľôĽ˶ĻУĶͷǵĶͷ
ͼٵĺġ
ԴһһĸԼҪվǲʹ˫Ҳڷš
оվˣΪ̫ĸоˡ
˭᲻ϲ㡣ֻˬ͸Өӣǰģһֱ˺һᴭƴ˵
ǲǸңƴǴ˿̵۾ǱײϵģȻ۾֪Ҫˡ
㡣ƴǳԵֻһˮƴǵĻл˶Ҫ
ֻںھ˫Ǻ£ӱܣִɬĿǰƴǡ
һһĸĲڳȥˣȻпҲḶܴĴۡ
ȴԼһͺãֻҪһͺá
ҡȻҪ޸㣬ȻǡϲġֻģԽ˵ԽСһֱĸֻ֣û˵ˣ㣬ĸùȫ
Ȼһ룬ƴȡʪ˫һסֻ˫ֻԴ˲һƬհףȫҲһ̱ýӲ
ƴסֻһ̣ûдǳֹһְԵǿƵİռ
ֻѸٵĻعĵӿֳһǿƴһǣٲȻѾֻĵһ㡣
Դֻһ뷨ǾǱ뿪
ֻ˫ֻҵȥƴǣǲһеĴƴǵվ
߬ϵԸҲʱл
ֻһվӱܻɽһ㣬Ѹٵľͳŵķȥ
ȻֻһΪղŵĹȽʹļ⻹ûɳżһȵء
һĵʹӽż⴫ǱнŹһ㣬ֻһ³ʹĽг
ôˣƴվɤдһЩ
ֻסԼĽֺʹ޲ֱӹڵϣ̵ͨģҽųˡ
ƴǰֻסĽţ漴㽫ֻ˴ϣİοţû£һ
˵ѵֻЬӣְųĽֺ
ֻڴϷţʹ̵ܹġ
ֺΪֱŤ޷ﵽơ
ȻƴţʹһЩֻҪһֱŽͻǸоۡ
һһ붼ܲ˵ġ
ֻҲǿŲԼֻ̫Ŵסġߺߡš
۵Ķֱӵᡣ
ֻۡ߳Ϊ˼ʹֱֻֻץסͷסĴš
һʱʧֱӽͷ˳ȥƴǡ
֢״ҲʱˣֻҲ㰲
ˣҵĴҺòãƴһ߸ֻŶͷϵĺһֻ߽ڻš
ֻڴϴڵĴϵĺˮҲԽԽ࣬ƺ󱳶ʪˡ
ҲˡƴֻϢȥë
ֻû˵ȴǴƺԵúۡ۾ȴǿ˱ƴǶڵذϵֻЬö¹ĵط
ƴתȥϵë׼ëˮʱ򣬶ȴһͣ
Ѿˡ
ݷʱڳľ̿ŷ磬׼ٽʧˣƴǴӷг
Ż¯ֻ߳ٵĴӴ˳ŲʮֵĿ졣
ݷ׼̧ۿһ۶¥Ĵ׷ȥ
ƴվڴߣĴ˴һ϶ǰһƬڰʲôֻϡŲ
ֻҲ֪ԼҪȥǲϵʯ·ǰߡҹķЩĴϣоЩˬȻо͸һŻһڲϵȼš
С㣬ʲôˣݷ׷ʵ
ֻûлشݷ⣬Ҳû˼ȥ֮ǰȥʲôˣΪʲôûзƴǻ
ݷһ˼Σֻûлش𣬾ܽﱩš
ҪƴԽԶԽһ㣡
֪ãֻˣͣһʯǰԱ߾ϪˮϵֻĶ߻صš
ֱֻһʯͷϪˮԡ
С㣬ʲôˣǲǱλӷˣݷֻСšȥûãǾͻˣΪʲôûңֻᴭĿǰīĺڰһ뵽ղƴֱųĽֺŻٴ
ֱǱһΧסһ㣬ôӲȥ
ʱȥéˣҲû뵽ǻôĻ֮ҾȥԺˡȻʱˣȡʱ򡭡ݷЩھζֵǵ˵š
˹¹ҫ·ұ
ֻ̾һֺֻıסԼԴҵδˡ
ûʲôɣݷ̽ŵʵһʣֻֿʼղŵĻ棬ֻһ˲ȴҲòֻӱܣԼҪȥ롣

319 ϳ

С㣬δ޾ͽǸҲһ֮ǰе˵ƭ㣡̶ֻݷ˵Ȼݷȴ˰춼ûκε˼һ벻ҶϷҲûκεӡ󣬾ֻ֪ҵͷͻȻ۵Դʮֵңǵʱ
ǲõʱʲô
Ȼʼ벻ĻǾ˰ɡֻ˵ţƮڷеѹӢһ㣺һжԺ˵
ĿǰΪֹǶûκεĶ롭뿪ɣղŵ֮ԽԸˡ
ֻԽԶԽá
Ҳϣλ䡣
áȥݷ˵ͷҲֻԣ¡
ֻľԼƣô꣬Ĵûҹ
С㣬ȥɡһֻرԼ¸һ˵úõķйһ£ñ˺úðοοԼ
ֻһݷ㣬ݷʲô˵ʲôã
Ե˼άŮԵ˼άǲһģԵ˼ά⣬ŮԵ˼άֻҪοѣ
ɡôˣһ⣬ȫݷ㿴ֻ˫Ĳգˮ۾һԵʮֵĵ䡣
ãҾһ˴
С㣬㾿ôˣʲô˵òãݷдһĨǡ
û£ֻҪһ˴ֻԼԴҪһ˷йһ¡
áݷֻô֣û˵ʲôվ뿪ˡ
ֻڲݵϣǵļǳϪˮϵ߻صš
ôĳȴҲԽԵĹ¼š
ǿҵҪһȻȻ뵽Ϲ
ȻϹǿƣҲ֮Ĺϵǲƽȵġ
ȴܸ㹻
ôܣ޴š
֮ѡɣΪԼĺ岻κεԼø
һáһഺĺһҪѸĸĹ̺ܽԼ̽ġǺȴһܳ
ʱҵĺô
ڿʼϹĺˣҪصˡ
ˣѹиߡ
Ȼ֮ԻĸоֻΪįˣƴǺôۡ
Ҳˡ
Ƶ죬;Լ뷨ôĿЦɣ
Ϊҹһ˱ú
ݷ󣬱̧ͷ¥ȴ͸ɫԼһӰվڴߡ
ص糿Զɽƣʫ续
վڴ̨Ͻš
ƴһƿվڴ̨ųˡ
С㹫ӣô磬Ҫȥʲôط𣿡ƴһ˪ɫİ£վοյ񻨵Ĵǰˮϴݷ
ݷĨһѱľˮҲͦġ
һ𡣡ƴһִֻڴϣ֮ʵ֪Ĳôˣҽ𣿡
ԣƽӦûˡݷ˵
ǾͺáƴĵˣС㹫ʱĻץɣ
˯Ũֻ˯ļˡ
󣿡ݷЩɻ˵š
ǰҷڳİѩɽĿţӦǱ͵ȥˡƴǺЦ˵
ϵֻһ¾۾
֪ˡݷ㲻ԾĳֻķȥˡƴǸ˵ʲôð˵ŶˣԺ̸飬ˡȷʵֻ֡콫˸ȥʵڲסϾ
ǸרŸ˵ýǣߵģִ߽ϹҲʮͼӴ׵ĵһ˵Ժļ޲ȥˣصģܽ򶼴ȥ
ллӵѣҽҲǺǵġݷͷƴаһЦұԽаȡ
ֻȫûһ˯ˣһݷһֻķţ͵͵С㣬ɽȥˡ緹ҷŹˡ
ʱ֮ƴǱһȥˡ
ֱȷҲһֻ֮һ·˴
Ҳƴ˵ݷһֱŴԼſڣŹģǵǸǿͷġ
ǽһ磬žһˣ˸ʣͿʼڼſڵ°
ֻʱŰԼ˵ǽһңִԣԸ³ݡԼҿһޣ֪ܵҪ׳Сӡ
ǰΧ˲ٵĸŮ˵һ㣬ýζֻҲԣֱӶһļλԲ֣ɤִĸŮǾͰ˵ģ絽⣬֮ǰİºͳȫ˵ȥʲôطǾ͸
ʲôط⣬ҪҴܣֱӻȥ˺Ͷӹÿӣ
ԤԺÿϵҼȥӣÿڷѺͻʳѣҲȫˡֻӻóһĺɰÿ˷һӸǡģҶھӡ㱻ڮ٣Ǵҿ϶㡣֤絽ͣЪܽԺûȥ˵ףļ긾ŮǷһӣ
۾ֱð⡣
˵ܽƶһӣǲҩɲæϴµˡ
ֻҪ˼ſڣϼˣĺ°
ˣǾͰˡʱֻҪ˴ǼſڹǾָżҵĴֻһȺԾɽĭɵţһЦ
ϲʲôֶΣֲǮ֣
ƫƫʲôȱǲȱӣ
ֻ֮ˬڴϣǰŭˡ
ֻһС·һȴʱȴһϤ
漴ֻ㲻ͣ˽ţϸš
ӣСĶ㵽ӵķȥˣ
ֻ仰ɫٴһ⡭̴
ʱֻߵ˴£ϸ
ǣΪʲô֪ʵһž֪ˡһɽˮдһĨЦҹ⽫ڷ⽫
ֻһ̣ȫѪҺʼһֹͣ
Ȼƴǣ
ǻСʲôӦ𣿡̴ϷĴ
ȻȥˡƴǻŨ˵š
ãСϲ𣿡̴һǺǸˣæʵ
Ǹӣƺϲңƴ˵仰ʱôš
Ȼڴ̨͵ֻ˫ȴǾҵĲһ¡
֪ĸоµƴˣֻû뵽Ȼƴǣ˵ĻΪ˵ģǾ˵ģ

320 ݷʵ

ҲӻôĻȥӽСˡ̴ٴδ洫
ƴȴǳĬһ£ȻȵٴοڵʱȴǴһĨȫȻûиղŵ󣺡ǰжϲҾҪжϲң
ֻ͵ÿһ£һ͵Ĵ紵ȴоһ⡣ҳǰʱǲϲҾˡƫƫ˸оһˣҵʱȴ˵ĻҼ㿴ҲܸоҵϲһֱӱţҲô׵ӹġƴǵȻƽǻкȴʮֵһȶģģôһҲ
ҵġǴڻСȫ벻ӵʱ뿪С𣿡̴һĨأʵҾСϲϹӣҲһ£ӵʱ˾ͽʵ
߻С㣬ȻŻСһص
ƴȴһεĳĬˣڴ̨µֻҲǾؿڵ·
ǺǡƴȴЦһ£ճɾ𣿿ǵǰѵؿڵʱҾѾϲˡ
һ仰ƴǵ˵úᣬһظĸо
ֻԽľؿڵ·Ǿ䡰Ѿϲˡǽ˺֧顣
ǣؿڵǰѵϣϲԼҪ
ô֪гһգȻϲ
ô뵽ų˾ȻǵǸԵǿƵϹ
Ѿϻеϲ;һ֧һҵѾȼմˡƴëֻôѹ顣
ȻⶼԼѡȻҲҪеĺ
̴ص̾һֻ˵ŪˣϲСʱ򣬻СȴϲӡСϲˣȴֲϲСˡ
̴ΪһУؿڵһ𣿡Ƭ̵ľ֮󣬱ٴδƴǵ̴һˣһ±ƴǻе˼Ϸӵ˼ֻǻСӣϷǶ˽һġȻ˵Сϲӣȫûκαʾ

һĸԸΪҸһеģģѾˡƴƶŵ˵ţֻҪһʣµľʮŲ
ǰȷʵܿƵ˵ġ
һŵ˵ͻ޷˵ıˡ
ǲþҪسˣСԸӻس𣿡̴ǵ˵šһĸԸĸһȥġƴ˵Ȼ˳ǾծʱˡһһĵϣһȴֱɾֱĻ䣬
ٱκϣΪֹ
֮ͳڹžͼţ
ҲǴݶк£ϣȴ䣬ûһ˿¶ȡ
ڵѾܵˣȵȫĵͶ뵽ƴǱ֯ĴУǽٲ
ģ
һĵ仰ĺܲˡ
ΪеŮˣֻҪԷеת⣬õͻЩʹ࣬ٴβܲ˵Ͷȥ
ǵȵĵһ졣
Ȼȵһ죬Ѿǧٿˣͬƴ˵Ѿʧȥϲ˵
̴ص̾һû˵ʲô
Ժ˻ҩʱ䣬Ҫܽǻʱ򿴵㣬֪˭ˡ
Ϸס
ѾȺܾˣȥˡƴǵɤ»ָůֻ˷Լŵ
ֻ⣬ܻ䣬ȴҲǺܿ뿪ƺ±ƴǷ͵Ļһ㡣
ûһ΢΢Ĵڱ㱻һֻǽڷƿһ˫һұһӴ¶˳
ɫĹ̽УԽĶǡ
Уƴһյյһȴǰĵʳ˵ĹΡ
ӣѾȷϹˣ⻭е˾ݷ㣡ǰƴ
ƴֽ
ǿݷŵûˡƴǶ̴ɫµ˵ţòӦݷݣǰСӦʶݷŶԣΪʲôûӦãһʶƴһڲ裺һ书һоأǾ󲿷ֵֻأһͻƵأԻûһµάֵʱ䲻
˵ؾͿĻûԼҪ
뻭еòݷʱΪ˶׷ɱýʣµûòݷòʵò
ƴɤͳƽ˵ţȻٲȻһֲɺӵ塣ܹ书صĿνָǶǿԲδѡĺѡˡĸĴ֮һķôܻ᲻ʶݷأƴǵĻ
ƶ
ڴϵʱͷݷʱЩԾˣǺܺݷ㡣
̴üͷֿʼûʼ˵ƴǱֿʼ˵ûة൱ݷһ꣬žѡµһꡣݷ㱻ѡˣƳţӶةȡװ
ʶôĸ׻߼Ҳǳ㣡
ڻСݷһǺΣգСϳݷ㣬϶д֪ͨŵˣ̴˵
ǡݷˣǾԲݷŻصŵģƴɫ΢ҿݷ㲢ûлָ䣬ҲûȫָȻݷ㲻ԼĿʾ˵ġ
ӡڣ̴ɻ˵š
һŵҹСݷ϶·һ
ݷбС
ĿǰΪֹǰȫģƴǻĿڵһҲȫǵĲ²⣬Ĳʶݷ㣬Ҳûдŵˡ
Ҳֻˡ
ɫĺϼбӳߣһŷķɹһϵıڻ㣬Ψ
ݷԺǿŵģԺӺʹȴûˡ
תȥ˳ƿǣϷ緹ڡ
С㡭ݷȥֻķ䣺𣿡
һûлӦݷƿţֻһϣϦԵĨӰôĹ¼š
С㣬ôˣݷЩɻţߵֻǰѾͺˣһʦ޻ĲҲ
ˣǲˣֻĿĿǰĴ̨ƽ˵ţûκεȥĶûãƴҪҵֱ̫׾ˣ

321 

Ϊʲôݷ㿴ֻĲգһ˫һɻ󣺡ǲȥة𣿡
ֻ˶촽ڲʱ򡣡
ҪߵĻƴֻΪӣӱϲ
ƴǿ϶ȥ׷
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ܽɣ
ƴǸ˱Ϧб̦ʯͷϣǰƴǺͣ½Ų૳
ôˣںƴǻ֣΢΢ЩԾЩϲ˵
ʧٶˣƴͷ̫µĵطֻов㵭ϣһ㱡ɴһ㡣
ƴžϸݡÿһΣĶһΡ
кüˡˡ˵
ʲô֣
ƴΪʲôʼ׷飺ôͻȻҸˡ
ֻǺʡǲ˵ĻҾͲˡƴǻݵ˵ţ˵תʯ̨׳ǰȥ
Ҹۣ漴˵Щأ׸磬ø硣
ƴһͷʵΪʲôʧ٣
Ҳ֪뿪֮󣬾ҲûϢˣϸĻشǴһ˿ѹ
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뿪ŵʱʮƴֽʵ
ǰ뿪ţݷʧʱǺϣ
Ҳ֪ȴҡҡͷƴǣʵƭģʱ˵ЩֻҪܽҽ۾ѡܽ򣬵ûҲûʲôǰקסƴǵ
˵
֪ƴɫ˫ɤĵ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôԸңÿֵܽתƣЩȴִżֽߵʵ
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ƴǣ᲻ңˮ˫ͫƴǡ
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̴˵а죬۾ûһָĻǾҪسƴǵ䣬ʵкܶĻҪƴ˵
ǰûкƴôʱĴһЩӣƴҲһֱߣȻܿġ
ƴǴ󲿷ֶǳĬģҶԴ̬ʼնһ־룬ܹ
ƴǵֻһʱģ
ƴǳһ˵ͷţѾﵢ̫ʱˣƴǣ֪ĿУʼնȲЩһֱĻһӣһ춼ûʲô˵ƴǵֻһʱʲô

Ҫƴǣƴȴ뿿ʵľ룬Զ
ƴҲûҲչ
ָоͺǣ㻭һȦվȦ棬ȴôʼնȦǻ
ƴǣ㾿ôϲңһ˫ӯӯļˮ˫ƴǣһ仰νԼ̬ŵ͡
ƴǱ˫ţһֱòɤѾˡúһеίĻԡڻģ
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ҪҲҪ뿪㡣һҪ޸㣡˵ƴǵĻУ˫ֱסƴǾ׳֫ҲҪϲˣֻҪһֱ߾ͺá
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㱧һòã̧ɫ΢˵š
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ǰҸɻģҾͰǵֻƽ˵š
ǲ֪ϰɷڶ˫ꣿܽٵĲ͹ݣǻǾϰնһ޶ƴѿɫĴǣǡˮʯȪڣˮߡ
ΧֻԵļ긾Ůһ껳Ůˡ
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ţȥɡֻһۣԱߵιӡ׹ӡ
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ʵ̫ˡ
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ųĲˣҲֻе׷ܳԡ
ϰǵĲ˵ǲǷŶˣΪʲôЩûһǿζոպõġƴ֪пǹģƴǱ˿Ӷֻķ˵
ûаǳԵðǲǣֻתһ޹Ķһ˵
ǰðһɩӡǻӦ᲻ΪǳԲܽĲ˰
ҪϰĲˣƴǴṴƽ˵š
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˵ȻҲ˵ĬĬĽеĲ˸ȥȻӦһ䣺á
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㿴ǳԶãǿ϶ζʲô⡣ֱֻ׳˵ţǲͬҲģ
ϰⷹˡüͷĲ˼飬Ļһ˿ŭ⡣
ȻһԵƴǱס˵̧ͷֻ΢΢һЦɤȻϰ÷û⣬һ£Σ
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ݷֻ仰һˡһѽĿֻ
ֻȻߵǰǣȥ˷ˣȴͳһƿҩɫÿﶼһΡ
·̵ˣϿζˣȻһζƴǺҲȨݷ³ûɾѡ
ƴȻֻֻԷȴԲˡ
ɵа𴽽ǣЦšҲֻ֪ͼʲô͵ɷİף
ٵĳ֮׷׸ֻкؼˡ
ݷڽ֮ǰеĲ˳֮󣬱ʱʱתͷƴǺԣȻһͰһе׷żƴǺԣ
ֻԾֱӿˮݷһٶԸȥˡ
ӣҳԱˡеĿӶƴ˵
ϰ˰ɣ
һһĨȥͷˣݷ̷꣬˹һ˵š
ЩҪƴΪε˵šҲֻ֪⾿ʲô
˲ֵǮؼǷڲҩֵǮݷ͵
ʲôҩ׳ҩ

322 ܾûָо

ƴǣ
ɫ˲ͺˣѸٴͷȥΪʲôҪڲ׳ҩƺЩֻΪʲôӦôɴˡӡֻһȡֵˣÿһ¶Ŀ
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ΪǸ˷ˣ㷹һĹ֣ȴܱ֮ǰķ̫̫ᡢ̵̫Ҫܺö࣬ûһ
ֱֻˡ
ҽ˵׳ҩҪˣԵ̫ϧˣԾͷڷˡݷƺ޹˵š
ΪʲôҪǵķƴʵֻͣƴһ޿κεĸо
Ҫǻ˵𣿲ҲԲŰݷһ޹أȫҡı顣
ǸղΪʲô˵ƴһʵֻˣֱҪ
ⲻǽ˵ʱ𣿡ݷ㿴ƴǣƽ˵ţԾͰǰͷĨˣ
ƴ򴽣ϵ֣ͣƽеһ㣬ֿ֮˵ҩҩЧ𣿡
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ڳ֮ǰѾԹҩ˰׳ҩֲǴҩʹߡ顣ҩҪǶһЩĳЩϰԣǿǵĳ־ԺѸ
ݷĻû˵꣬ٲȻƴǵϸоһȻɱ֮ݷ˵ȻҲǿԳԵģ÷֮ӵĺгԹҲ̫ģҩĳʱҲͰʱʱҩ
Чͻȥġһ̾͹ȥˣûʹ࣬ǾЩǶѡ
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һ
ƴǶ˶촽ԶŮ˵Ӱ첢𣿡
ǡݷ˵ͷ
ƴ꣬վ㳯ȥ
ӣҪȥʲôطݷȥЩŵš
Ժ⣬ֻϣеĳˮ
ƴ޳ĳȣֻԶ㲽Ľýĳֻȥ
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ΪɲѰ·
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ֱ˵ҪֱʽϵĻԴ㶺ˡ
ʵ˵һۺСˣұԺأ˭ҲʹˣȻҲʹ죡ֻҧһƻһģ
ƴ룬漴˵ϰ˵ǲǰЩգ䴵Ӵϰ˯飡ΪӼЪʧˣͲǵˣȴû뵽ӻأѵãֻɤ˵Ϊ˰׵δޣʹ
˰޵ĵӣȴȫҹжűϢҪǹ㣬һں֮ȥ԰ߵҩ²жȻ󷢸𣿡ʱҲǿˣûƽϡҽ⼸գȴûһһﶼûС˵һʱƽ˾һաȻ
Ҿ仰ֻЩ֪֮ˣȻˣֻùҺ۸תԽĵôߡֻվ˫ֻأ̧ͷһѱĿƴǣҿϺҪˣʱ϶ҪסΪ˷ֹƵ飬Ҿ͸˹
һԼδ޵ɡҲϣϳϰϵȷʵµĴҲһûˣϰﵱʱѾ¡ˣ֪ϰﶨºܴϰڼ䲢ûȥ̽ϰֻŵϰת֮±һݱϰǸֻû뵽ȴϰ²ᣡƴƽ
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ôͣûʲôáݷ㴽ǹճһĨȣԵЩΡ
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̴Ǿȵĸƴݷ˵ֻ׳ҩǴߡҩԲʧȥʶֻĳٲָоѡ󿴣ƺ׳ҩЧ֮ǰʲôߡҩƴκηӦȻ̴ϳǣ׳ҩܹ
ƴǲӦ
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ƴȴҡҡͷѾܾûָоˡһλ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򡭡Լʧɡ̴û˵ֻ̾һֻƴ֮ĸ飬Ҳڲֽȥ

323 βһ

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һ磬ϵʱ򡭡
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ʱǲǾͺͻСһ𣿡̴۾һתԽϲ˵š
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ͲµݵӲưոݣ϶Ҳ硣
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Աݷ˷ͷȥ׷ֻһ̲ʺʺƵķˮԽһ
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Ȼָоһ糯ԼƴǱ㼸ǱԵĲǽϡ
ֻ׷ŵĶһڣܽȥʱǰͻȻܳһˣһɲסţֱӾͳǸ˹ȥˡ
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ֻȻ˿գˤͬʱҲȥץԱߵˣѾˡϥǺصĿĵӲʯϣֻ۵ֱʧᶼˡ

324 ܲԶ

ƴһ죬һ¾ϳֻæʵû°ɣΪһ˲ʹֻ嵽һҲ˲ʹۿˣ˲ϵĴз֮⣬ֻ˵
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ƴǼֻûлӦȴһδεֻ֪һˤúأĶȥˤڵصֻ
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ԲҲӦöģƴǵָֻļ򣬻Щ˵š
ſڵϵֻƴǷΪʹֻڿνһӻ𣬵ȴ־÷ί
ܽĺúãΪʲô겻ɢĲأ
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һʼǸ⣬ҿ϶ƴס޵һ̿ʼƴǾڿӽˡ
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ֻԽԽؿкƱһһ㣬ϵ󣬼Ҫй
ȴ޴й
ѵҪԺҪڳ֣

ƴǺľ飬ȻкøеʱоȻȻӿһִбԵܶ˶УǰһͨˣŮΪк뿪кԺкǮˣȻҪŮףѡж
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Ҫ־ֻܹƴǵķӦ̫졣
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㣬ôˣʱݷҲ˹ڵϵֻæʵ
ϽȥǸ˵׷ֻȴָǰһߺ޵˵
ҪΪȥ׷ӣҲײƴǣҲǲˤôˡ
ݷ㿴һһԵƴǣԥš
ȥֻݷֽһ
ݷż⣬һԾܡ
ֻڵϣƿȹӣȥ˵ϥǣɫ̫ʲôֻ֪һĵۡ
ȥѪǿ϶ˡ
վҪұȥƴǲȥֻľٶֻ˵
ҪֻŴ˵Լķǽվ
ƴҪȥȴֻһ˦ˣԺܲԶ
ƴǵֱֻ˦ɫĴţһŻڵȻϰô£ձ˽Ǯһ¡
ƴô˵ֻӦɿŶԣȴܾ鲻ô򵥡
ͻȻһ仰ܹݡ
ƴ֪ϲģһͨԼһ仰ǺɣЩȡֵĳɷ֡
ǲԽ֤Խôĺ޸ݣĪķƴǾԽףں
İվԽ󣬾һָɽһ㣬ѾסˣӲȥˡ
ֳһνӣֻƴףûϲҲǲܸس
ϰҽҩѣҲḶϰģƴ˵һ仰漴ֱߵäȣȻվäȣ޵ķȥ
˵ڶһ磬褱ǰЩӵķϵķǮֻҽҩѣСƬҶ˽ȥ־ȷġ
̴֮ӺѾ߽ɨɾ
ֻʱƴǺѾ뿪ʱˡˣλ̴ʱġ˵λӸС׼Ǹ񣬻˵ΪԼҹСϵŵСǸݷ
ƴǽķƵֻĸǰű㽫һúɫ˿õֻǰ
ֻ̧ͷĿһۣűǮ˵ŵĶɣ
ݷ˵ͷ㽫зŵ˹̨Ĺ档
ȹ죬ϵ˺֮Ǿճҵɣֻֿ˵Եһ⡣
ǲˣݷȴʵ
ǲȥڹЩӰɣƴһʲôʱ뿪ܽ׼뿪ܽ
ɲƴΪӣϾҪˣµʱ·Ļ̫ȡݷ㲢ֻ֪뷨ʵ˵Լ뷨С㣬ôɾʱһ첻ϴ裬϶
ˡǹͶ뿪ܽɣȵʱҲǺȡ
ֻ޲ھ뿪ܽ򣬿һߣƴǲףѾ֪
֮ǰı֣˵һһͷβĴҡ
ֻǼ򵥵Ϊѡ뿪ĻǵҲûʲô
ǣϲˣһٶҪԶˣ
ǰʾͲһˣǰǷԼԼ
ʱڿɣʵںȵĻǾ͵ڻˣֻ㽫ȫŵ˾۱УҲһʱ̡
ݷֻô˵ɫĴǣ˵һ䣺ãСġ
⼸ȥɽϲҩɣȻ˳֮ǰÿ춼ЩʲôϸдϥˣˣҲԼš
ֻ֮ǰһͰ࣬û˿ӰĹԼƴǲܴϲͷ
ƴҲ뿪ܽ
һݷ㲢ûʲôԵɣ㰴ֻ˵ȥˡ
һ죬ֻƴûгǰķʽţʮֵУڡһ糣
죬ƴҲ֮ǰŵԣȻ˻ܽ򣬵ȴֻǰֹ
һпȥôķƽ˾ûκεĲ
·ֻƴ˴δ棬Ҳδʶһ㡣Ϊ˵ʵ֮ƴǱҲûܽѰµּ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڿջ̴壬۳һЩ顣żȥߣҲȥɽϣϪˮ

325 ݷ㲻

һҹɫŨأ
ƴ̴ɽϵһͤУץ㣬ڻϿš
ĴŻݷҷζԼµȪˮζƴǵϣˡ
ƴһϮɫƳѣƮȻʯϣһϺõĳš
ԭİþǿ飬ĺ۾ˣİñҲͱЩֹʱˡ褽һõݵƴǸǰƴñᣬЦ˵㿾ûǧ㡣һᶼǽƬ￾Ķ򻹷һЩֲժ
գл֮մл飬Ҷ㣬رĲˡ
˵ȥһ
ˣ㣬ɳǵʱͳˣƴȴҡҡͷǧ㣬Ҳûʲôθڡ
̴ƴһۣӹ褿õ㣬ЦʲôʱҲʼʳˡϷգӺûʲôθڣ˼ڱ㲻ˡ
ƴֻŴһ䣺óԡ
̴ȴ˵ϷǾĺʲζرζҲ嵭ôòóأ
ɳǵʱʳ˵ΰͣҲûʲôõĵƷˣԿˬ߲ˡˮûС
ƴҲû˵ʲôԵĺ㡣
񡭡
Ǻܾ˵ʲôƴǲĺǺܺóԣȴܾòζ
𣿲̴ֽʵûоﲻԾ
ǣζǳԹСϺ֪ˣƴǿ˵
̴仰ȴЦˣ˵˰죬Сˡ֮ǰ˵СĳȷʵҺܺӵĿζƴǳĬһʯվ泯Ϫˮķ򣺡ͬСϺңҶζȻ;ĲóԣҲûθ
ˡ
ӵʱֺαҪأҲ֪С˵ĲѡСֲĲ㣡̴ϸ˵š
ƴͻȻ⵹ȷʵЩ⡣
ӡУƴǶԴֻֻнû˹
һƴǾȻ˳ֻĻȥˣڵ͵һҵ֪ϹϲˣҲӦöи顣Ҳδ޵ˣǾ޿ܵġΨһͬ
ѡ˽ѡˡֻ˽⣬ֻʲô
֮ǰϾةฮǧЩĵǸٹ̵ġ
Ը޸һѾδ޵ˣȻҲϲȥ˵Ķ
ģֻԼݵԽԽӶʹѡ̴򣬲Ҫа̬Ѿ˵һˡϲˣֺαȥƴҲ֪ڵԼΪʲô˵

ҪǷ֮ǰ϶᲻һеĽߡ
ǰεеõ˽ѵǾǿŤĹϲ
жŬжãֻҪĸԸģһжǰ״
ӣʹôˣ̴ЩšΣҵؿͱһƴǴǺЦʵȻǵЦݱԭѾ˵ġֻû뵽
ٴȻĵ׾ȼһ˿ϣĨϣ͸֮һȿԭҲԾʹ˳׵ȥ
һжҪȡֻ̬ȣ
Ǿһ˳Ȼɣ̴˴ֻʲôֻһճպȣżСûжı仯ֻ˵ֻƴǵϲֻȶȰɣֻֻƴǵϲǳСϪһֻܳһƬҶȴز
һҶСۡ
ƴȴ𴽣ڴǺĹճһĨɬĻȡν˳Ȼǽһнѡ
ȻȥֻĻʣµļУǸڼֻˡ
ȵ뿪¥֮ǻԶˡ
˳ȻĽ޼Ŀܣ
ɫˣɽɣƴһϢµɽȪˮζôľá
á̴˵ͷþ褽𣬽ʣûг㣬ȥÿջĳʦ¼ӹһ¡
˲ػصɽ·ߵɽʱȴžɽУһѰ˵ƺڲԶǰ
̴˵ƴǱѾͣס˽Ųնǻݷ㣡
̴˵ݷ⼸նɽϲҩôˣûȥǲǳʲô⣿̴ɻ˵š
ƴƱĴ꣬Щͳĵ֪
̴ֻԽԽĹҲǵķƶƴǵӣϷȻرһ¡
ֻһյںɽкݷ֣ü֮ǽ֮ɫ
ݷںʱ֮ǰġΪ֪һǻẦµġ
ֱʱһӣûмݷ˳ݷɽϵ·һ·ȥݷӰûм
ʱһֲԤУֱҵݷƽʱҩĵط
ôûݷĻӦ±Խżˡ
ֻɽҵʱ򣬱ǰɽ·⣬̳ǰȥ
С㣬𣿡ֻһ߽С֣һ߳ǰȥ
˹ǳʲô𣿡ֻҪ߽ʱȴƴ
ֻüȴһ뵽ʲô
ʱƴǵĸǰӣôˣôƴǵӳ£һĨһ߹ǵĹâһֱᵽɽֻŵľ񣬱һʱ䣬ԲŻô
ɽġ
ֻһƴץеľȴ¶һĨɻ֮ɫôͻôɣݷôûɽҵʱȴƴǡ
ǹʲôʱģֻʵͬʱСĵĹ۲ƴϵϵ
֮ˡƴǴݵĻش
пСһ㶼⸽ҩģ
ƴҡҡͷһֱǰͤû˲ҩ֮ƴǱתͷһԵľʵ褣п𣿡
µڸм¨ҩˣǲûλС㹫ӡ
ֻԽżܾݷͻȻһƴʲôϵ
֪ƴǲݷôⲢƴǹݷ㣬Ȼݷ㡣
һżĳ
һƴǿ϶˵һѰҡ
ðɡȥҡֻ򴽣ƴ˵
ҲԸݷǰȫģ͵ŵйأ˹ôˣһɽȥңֻŵתһɽ·ȥʱƴǵֻ𣺡þ褻ȥм˹
˹һС㹫ӵ䣿лӵĺ⡣ȥǰ濴ҪǻûҵСĻҾͻϽˣôҰһҡҲ˵СոջȥءԾͲ鷳ˡֻ
תͷǳĶƴ˵ƴǵĴĴָľ·ϸϸĹһ飬ɫˮĴƽ˹עⰲȫ¾Ȼȥˡ

326 лл

ֻûƴǣֱľͳǰĲ·ȥһ·ֻֻ֮ͷһۣȷƴǲûڸ֮󣬱ٴγǰɽ·ȥ
Сֻ׼ݷ㣬ṹһžͲݵïʢĹľУ׹䵽ľС
ֻ޷Ӧֻƾűܣ˫ץסܱߵӲݺʯͷֱߵӲݺʯͷֻܲأ岻ϵ»š
ѾԶƴԼԼһ죬ͣ½Ųֻķȥ
˹ƴǶҹջ˼
һֻĺҵһɽˡ
ֻڲϵ»ţֻ˫Ҳڲϵ֧ŵ㣬ҪŬ
ӣŵ˳ֻĵطȥһӲݺľڸǵĵطҵһĶ
Ϊֻȥ̫еĵֻԼĿضи˵
ƴǶž˵
̽ԵԼ֣Ƿָ͹ֻضĶֻһˡ
ӣСȥ̫ˣµȥһЩ߳˼֮ˣƴ
ȥԴûоʲôõĵطȴеϣԼܹüǡ´һڣƾֱƴ˵ⶴأڳģҲȻγɵģΧжץۣ
Ӧǡ
ȥ褵Ļû˵㱻ƴˡ
褲ԥ̾ż⣬ȥѰ֦ͳȥˡ
Ǿ˵Ļֻڵضƺʶʲô
ɽǣһ㶼סĵطġһֱɽϡ
Ҳδǡ
˹㲻ýţûµġƴǲ䣬ɤİţܿ𣿡
ֻܿ⡣ֻش
ĻƴǱֻ֪ٵȥһ׵ľ롣
ǿյģܲȵʯͷƴֽʵҽ²ǿյģܲȵضһܶӣû취ץĲݳŲ˶ˡֻһһ»
Ҷһ¡
һץŵĲݶѣͻỬȥҲҲһԹ̶סĶ
ضʲô
ҪеĵǺһµģûпʲô⣬˵ֻԽԽĸоһ־壬һĵӰ˵Ǽλ˹صȥ̽գһδ֪ȫ
ˡ
ھкͿ־ȥ
ĳŲ˶ˡ˵仰ʱֻѾ˿ǻͲ
ƴһԽż
ֱץеäȻ󽫵һߣ˶ڡ
㹻ĵ𣿡
ԶֻһĨ뵽УһĨϣ
жԶƴżȴͳƽһޱȵİȫкθС
Űֱ۵ľ롣ֲֻһ˵Ȼʵһֱ»š
ֻ˵仰ʱֻ㷢ǵԼԽԽˣֻһֻȥץ
ָǸäȡ
¶ʱֻİ˲٣ʱֻŷ֣ƴǾȻԼ굽˵ضУäȡ
ץˣȾȥġƴǸоäǱߵɵ˵
Ȼ仰˵ֻ꣬ץеĲݾͶѿˣץסäȵΪȫǺû취ץäȡ
廹ǲ»š
ֻĺԽԽأһ´äȻʱѸٵ»ȥ
ֻֻзһµļ
ƴǼäͷһʧȥűֻȥļ
ֻһһͣסˡ
˵ֻû»̫Ӧǵͷˡ
֮ƴûжԥҲԼ˵ضС
ʱѾϹˣȥץƴǵȣȴһӡ
ֻӵضлʱѵġĵҲԱߣܹµĿⶴΡ
ⶴǶڵģΪڳģҵϻ̾һשʯ
ֻµĶٵõһ˿ο
ֻҪֱӵʲôǶ߶С
ֱֻ֮㱻һƴǸѹ¡
ֻƴǵʱ򣬷ľȣ͸оһĨǿһսһƬĵһ㣬˲㽫еĺºͿ־嶼ˡ
ôҲˣʱȻ־ıǹ¶ʱԼĻôֿ־к͹¶лһ롣
ƴǳ˫ֻ֣Ӳשʯʱ±Ҳ΢΢һ
ûײɣƴǵڵһ£ͬʱȥֱߵäȡ
ûСֻҡҡͷҰקģ
ǣԼġƴ𴽱ߵһĨȣ¶һĨİǳЦ⣺һẦ£ʲôΣգҾˡʱ򣬾Ѿˣò˶þܰǾȥġƴҵֱߵä֮󣬱äȿʼڵĸ߶ȣ־Ȼ
վ
ֻ仰µһɨգ˿˿ů顣
ΪʲôҪôֱֻʱŸоϴʹ㲻Ƕһι𣿡
ƴṴ˹㳤ôӦûмǰɣǵĶôܻڵô
ﲻǶͲΣ𣿡ʵ˵£ƴǾȻܹĲһܹġ
ֻҲһƬӡ
°һֱȵˣûˣ²ӦûʲôΣաҲŻġƴƿɫĴǣˬʡЦ˵š
ֻ壬һԣƴЦĻԵ˵һ䣺лл㡣
˹ʶп˹Ѷġ⻻κ˶ôġƴԽˮʯ˶Ƕ
ӣû°ɣʱӶڴ褽
û£ȥˣӹǶȥƴǶŶں
˵ǹҡⲻ˭ܹġֻıǽϣŵĹ⣬ԼıݻһѪۣɤ˵ʵµʱǣԼҲû취ȥˣˡǾ֮ͣ˹ﲻȥƴǴӻͳöͭǮͬķȥ
ͨ⼸öͭҹԴµ˽ɽ
Ƿ飬ȳȥ֮취顣ֻûǣǰƴǡ
﾿ôģܸм취黹֮ǰʲôǷȻʱ˺Ƥ˺

327 

ƴǳǳЦţǳȥ֮󣬾ͷ˹ʮСϺ͵¾סĿջȥҳ˲ٵСϺǶû˹ĺóԡ
áҵܻܵˣҵܵܶץһЩȫͷĸ͹ȥֻͷ
Ȼ֪⿿һϺҪƴǵǲġ
İ
ֻҲ֪ҵֻܵ˵ݷֿʼ
ģܵ书ʲôµġǻȥ֮󻹲ܵӰұҵ̴Ӱȥҡƴתͷɤο
ţϣû£ֻֻôȥˡϣʱ˹㲻ҪѿҪڵ׳ҩøҳˡҵЩ̴ѪյʱǳЩ׳ҩָʲô¡ƴЦ˵
һΣ¿ɲ˹㡣
仰˵ĵֻЩ˼ˣСôأô
ƴǳ׳ҩ޷ΪƴǺ̴˵ЩʮֵķŭԲŻķʽһƴǶѡ
˹ȷʵֻǡƴǳĬһ˵Լԭɣ
Ĳ֪ʲô˹µ顣ƴǳֻķȥǳϿҶŷ
ֻʱĺ룬ȫƴˡ
ڵƴĺһǰϹһ֪ԸƴԸ񣬻ƴαװġ
һǰǸϹȷʵܰԵǿơ
ôõԺ˵
ȻϲĲ
ԸƢһղסֻֻ͵ܲ˵͵̴̸ԲŻİɣͺˡ
ƴȴǹЦЦǼ죿ղ¿˹ûȥ
͸˹Ӧûɡƴǽֿ˵˹Ѿµˣ
ֻĲ֪ǰƴǰǸϹ
ǰǸϹܸһȻĸоʼն
ڵƴǾһһ㣬˵ÿ仰ŷΡ
ǰͺһµСһ㣬һһεĵĸˣʶԼĴ󡣡ֻҪſ˵ûУǻߣȴͻȻ뵽ʲôʵҾЩ֡ǲƼˮ꣬ʶʱֲҲ
Ϳ˵ĹϵƢô񶼲⣬һܰҡΪʲô
˵ƴķʽԴĻӦõġķʽԴһûκιϵˣЩˡ
ҪƴҪλش𡣡ܣϰ˰ɣƴȴǸֻһش𣺡ƢĹĿʶĹǲһģǲȡֵġһж
Եɵģֻǹ㲻Ը˵ѡ
Ȼ̸ߵˣҲܸߡ
ҪΪ֪ƴǵĻĻֱˡ
ʲôϰˣֻһץص㡣ǲڰָǰһȡֶĪˡ
и㣬ƢܲãС۸ҡҲЩƴǸֻһ͡
㻹һ㣿ƴнǵƴǺǻϺͻʺΨһһӣĽ㣺׽𣿡ţ׽㡣ϲ۸ˣҲҵϣֱʮɣҽŸĵ۸ҵϰߡƴʱĻ䣬ǲɷһĨ
ͶĻȡ
ķˣ
ǣҸͷñˣ򲻹ˣƴ˵ֽŵƢǺܻ𱬣Ҳˡ
ֻƴɽʯԽҲɵЦ˳
ƴȻ˵óĹϵǺܺõġûһ仰еܵܵĽ㣬һ㶼Ůӡиûһ㶼ᡣΪ㶼ǱƤĵܵģǿһ
סܵܡΪиıʲôնûС
ԣҽСΪҲ˲ٵģҲΪҶʧȥ˺ܶණҲҵڶһĸ׸ġƴԵ˵š
ʱûгĻǽҲᱻͳʹСͼʺĸĸһˮûкȵ
ֻû˵ĺԽԽˡ
ƴһ׽𣿻ƴǡ
ʱڴҲ̴ƴǵ
ֻ뵽ȴֿٵķˡƣ˵Ļ
ǲܴġ
˽ƴǰɣ
أΪʲôһûѪԵϵĵܵһļأƴǼֻһĬתֳԴѯš
ǸӺƶֻһ֪һ㡣
ֻȴʱѸٵһ£ɫԥͳԡ
ҪҪᣬﻰƴأ
ҪڲҪ֮ǰĸˣ
ÿ˶Ĺ£˹㲻˵Ͳ˵ϾҲ֪ҵ顣ƴǼֻû˵֪Ը˵
ʵҵĵܵܣҵΪ˷㣬ҵܵˡֻȴʱ򿪿˵
ӦǴ˼ҵǧСɣ
ةŮֱֻ׵˵
Ϊʲôƴ𴽽ǵЦ⣬תʵ
ڶһˣֻɤҲҵļһ𣬵Ҳһȥҵҡ
ϵЩ΢һ£ӳƴǲϵĹҲ֮Ծһ¡
Ǹ˭ΪʲôҪǰ𣿡ƴܵҲƽʲôͬʱҲʮֵᡣƺ½ǰһ㡣
ǡҶΪҲ޸
һԣƴЦ
ǣͦõģҲܺãֻǡֻҲ֪Ҫôָо
㲻ϲƴֻ˵仰˶иġҪ˵ȫϲǲܵġֻǲʣм仹顣ЩһϸСһĺȻûʲ
ô󰭣ҲоʹʿˮԷʱȴܹоĴڡ
ֻ˵꣬ƴǱֻ֪˵Ǹָʲôˡ񷭾һһ鲻һֱܺõģ϶гܵʱ򡣸õʱȻǰЩ飬һˣǰЩ¾ȫ
ðˡֻƴһ
֪𣿷˾ǲ豭ϵһѺۣŲ󡣵ÿһξˣѺ۾ͻ󣬾ö֮豭롣
ҲܺõҪߵֱ˴޵ĵزΪʲôƽķֿأֻ͸ƴǡ
ϣƴܹ˼㲻ԸһΪмһЩ;㺦мЩ;ӰԺĸ飿ƴ
૵˵仰Щô˵أͱ͵Ǯ󻹻ȥˣҸĹˡ˶ǮĻǱ˵һӦͻỳ͵ġҵ˼𣿡ֻƴ˵뿪Ǹطȥһµĵط˶ǮǱ˾Ͳڵһ͵Ǯˡ

328 ä

ʼӱƴǣӱƴǶӡ󡣾ΪƴǶӡʹ֮Ĺϵʼնǲƽȵġ
ΪƽȣвĿܣУû취Լ
ָоĺܵģ
ȻʵҲ֤ˣľȷġ
һǰƴǺùƽȵ̬ȶԴ
滨ʱһᡣˡƴǲŴ˵仰ǣЩӡǿԸıİʲôֻҪĻڸĵľģһȥ
ƽ֮ǰ顣˵ǶԴһ˵̬ȡ뿴˷С͵ǰԴ̬Ȼһڴܼ򵥵ıȷ˶Դӿ϶ҪȶԴǴ
ӵŮ˸ΪϧԲԣǵһεʱ϶Сģ۲ۣ֮㻹۲𣿿϶˶Բԣ
ֻ֪ƴǻûеһ˿ܻŮ֮͸ƴ
ƴҲֻȻôֱ׵˵Ļǵ˵㣬ɷϵ˵һ䣺ԣ˵ĶԣҲҺܺãȴΪЩгΪǸǴӵŮӣȻʵǴӣȴöԴǴӵ̬Դң㲻ҸԶҸãϲҵĲ𣿡ֻ˵⻰ЩҭˣҺϲ벻ˡҲûôϲֲɵֻҪ
ˣ˾ͻöԴӵķʽ̬ȺúõĺǻҡϧҡΪʲôҪأ
仰Ѿ˵ĺˡ˾ʲôԽͣǸ鲻ԡ룬һ죬ҿôδԴҵ̬ȥԴһŮˣҵöίܲ
ľίõģԸҪֻһһĶƴ˵ֱġ
ƴǵĲɵһԭʼնߵԭ
õĸ飬ȴְõĸŮˣ
˹ŮӣУƴǹһŻԵ˵Ҳƽһ˹Ůӡ
ԣҲͬҵĹ۵ˣֻƴô˵㿪ʵ
ƴǳƬ̣֮ѿǡ
ͬͺã
Ҳϣͬ
ǣô֪ûнõĸأһƴȴʵΪõĸʲôأ
õĸĻҲҪֻȴǸһش
ƴǸĸһͼƬһһŮһк˫ȻιԸָĶ
ǺãкҪ
ƴҪɣҲûϵɿҪһֱķʽԴһκõĸ˫Ӧöɵ״̬Ϊ˶ԷȥǨ͡ͻ߷ʲôҼȿԼģҲֺ֧뷨;ֻ˵˶٣ֽŵңҿȥԼȥҵֻżңȵҲˣȢҡ
룬ӦþͲˡ
ƴ󣬴ǲɵ¶һĨЦ⣬ȻܵȴʮֵĿɬ
ֻؿڲǰѽʱֻѾ˵װˡ
ȻʱصһֱΪֻֻҵĽڶѡ
ֻΪϲ
ʵϣֻ֪ҪԸߣҪԸֻ֮뿪ԼѡҪǵʱûʱ;ֻȽߣȵһа֮Ľһи
˵ĵĺθ顣
ȴΪһˣԶʧȥɣһӶţҵ㣬ҲܹҪˣ𣿡ֻ仰˵꣬ɽһ¾ͱúܳţԭȪˮһʵ
յĻһ㣬ƲƶûС
ãƴǲƿ˵仰
ֻ仰Ҳ֪ҪԼ顣
ƴܹĸĻ϶Ըߵġ
ϾҲˡ
ǣƴǺ̴˵Ļڻڶ
ƴǵ뷨Ƿ֮ǰһ֪
ңƴѾδˡ
ܺͱ˹һģ
ҲƴΪȥڻ飡
ʼնΪӦƽƽģӦþ̫ķ̫꣬ĻθҲͷˡ
ôأѾδˡңҲֻ檶ѡҸܸˡֻЦ˵
ƴ仰򴽣һ䣺ǣôĹôܸأ
ɽٴγҪȼˣɢɫĹâ΢š
褲Ϩ֮ǰǾȳȥʱǽ뵽һƬڰС
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ºڣµϨ֮ƴ֮便Ҫദ
ֻ̧ͷĵطǶ̫ʲô
Ծ褵ṦӦÿˣ㲻õġƴ嵭˵
ֻܿЩֵʵ
ܸӦ̧ͷĶƴҡҡͷҪܹͺˡ
˵۾ˣȴر
ֻһγĬһ£ȴһ뵽һƴõİ취
㿴ˣǲڿдˣֻʵҲ֪취ƴ֪֪
дֵĻãŵĻֻñˡĿǰ˵òûʲô⡣
ǲ֪Ժˡֻһ˵ʵôԴһµ壬äġָĴ֪֣ͿԼдˣ
ˡֻ֪ƴΪϣÿ϶Ҫĺܶ۵ģĻķһЩʱ䣬Ҫкܶ۶ǻļǾֵڶˣ
йġ
äģƴǶЩİ૵šֿľͷϣֿ϶ܹĶԲԣֱӽֿľͷϵĻ̫ˡԾʹһּȻڰֽӲ
һЩӲֽϾͿˡֻäҲ˽⣬ҲûнӴӡоͺв͹ͰȥСԲ㣬һ֡
ָҡֻӵһ辣ֶƴǵ
ƴǱ㽫̧𣬳ֻķȥֻСֱץסƴǵ֣ıʻţһ֣һС㣬Ļŵĵ㣬Ļŵĵ㣬ĵĻб
㡭֮Ϳôäˡ
ֻ˵꣬кӶЩšתĻѶʮֵĴ
Ͼֵγɿ˼ǧʱ䣬ҪҪһַÿתĻǿһ޴Ĺ̡ҾãӦҪӺƴʼѧ𡣡ֻ˼֮ó֣һһĸȻٽЩĸƴƴ͵óǸ֡ͲΪÿֶһäĳˡ

329 ݷ㿪ʼ˼

ֺˣѪ𣿡ƴǺƲûֻ˵Ļע⵽ֻ˵֡
ֻľҵһ£űĵҪǾ뷨ǶĻǾˡ
ûУҾù뷨ܺáǡо˿ڣ̲סһ¡ƴ˵˵ʲôǺƴ
һꡭȻֻͿʼƴǽһ麺ĸϰĸƴlaobanniangҪ򵥶ˡ
ֻ˵ЩûнӴģЩĸôʣо沢ʡ
⺺ƴԼ𣿡ƴķֻܸһľϲܾǿСԴװ˺ܶϡŹ֣ȴδ
˵ֻòĻϲڳ˵˼άԼϵһɴ
һ鼮һ㣬ÿ鼮Ҳʮֵķḻϵȥ
㡭ôôࣿúѧ𣿡ֻشƴ⣬ֻ뾡Ľ̻ƴǺƴȻԼȥúƴä
áҲȷʵûжʱѧˡƴǵ˵ͷٹҾҪȥˡ
죿ֻȴſʳһ仰
Żʱɣƴ̧ͷɤ˵ĲݼɢеζǳǳֻıϢǰ
ֻЩЩȻˡ
֮俿Щˣ˱ֱƴǱһξ롣
ôãӦúܿѧġֻ˵
ƴû˵ֻǾñֻСסǿƤķ̡
ʱʱ䣬褱̴ӣӽֻƴ˸ȥºɽֵʿֻɵһƴǴһǶʱ䣬һֱٵţһС¹һ㣬ϵıQţ
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ʱ㲻ôٵԾˣȴܸоʲôһ޵ʧ䡣
Ҳ֪ԼҪµѾκεĿˡ
ƴҲӦе˼ˡ
ﻹĻӦòȥ˲Ŷԡ
ֻģֻ;褴һк˵ҪȥԼĵ֮ܵûеƴԼһˡ
ƴûпֻӰֻ䴽ǣ󷢳һ̾Ϣ
ֻߵ·ϣͬżͲݷ㡣
С㣬ȥʲôطˣַʲôˣݷһֻӣʮֽŵʵ
ֻڵضһȦϵ·ȻһЩ֦ˣȹ滹մȾһЩͲľҶ
ôˣݷ㿴ֻĺֱвٱʯͷͲݻѪۣһ˫ǵұ˫ԽĽ͵ˡ
æץסֻ֣øɾֻšһûأȥĶˣҼôûȥɽ㣬ȻͲСĵһľҺõʱλȻزֻ
ݷ㣬ŵһǽ¹ϸݷɫЩ԰ףϵҲЩ࣬ɽˤһ
ҡݷԥһ£ŵʹȥü۱ѸٵĻһĨĹ⡣
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ȴֲˣֳˡݷ˵
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û£ԭأɵҩҲû١Լʲôҩζ˰ɡݷգűĽɫ˫ұһۣѤáĿ
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аҲҩȥԶԶĿ̴ɽߡݷ̵˵ͷش
֪ˡֻ꣬ǳ͸¶ƣֱҲݷг˳ǻȥɣ
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һʼƴֻǴһȥݷģ֮Ķʱ䡣
СĵǸضӦֻǸ⡣
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֮ǰûƴǺ̴ǶζԻῪġһ˲
ƴǿһУǾ˵ƴǾҪȽƭسڵ֮ƴǻôǾȫƴǵˡ
ҲϣɽǷ̸ܹ֮ƴǷ뷨
Ҳ˵ˣҪسˡ
ƴʲôҲڵĻصǾ˵ƴķ֮ǰǸƻġ
Ȼȥ˵ɡֻһֱòŶݷ˵
ΨһľǣɽһѾƴǸıԭȵ뷨
С㣬ɫȥãǲǳʲôˣص֮ݷҩֻ˵ҩ
ҲΪѾӽļˣֻϵ·ֱͦۺ϶вͬĲҶʯͷѪۡû£ҸղŵضﱻŵˡС㣬֪ƽҩǸطиľԣǹľһض𣿡ֻݷ㾭ȥǸط
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֪ݷ룬űҡҡͷ
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С㣬ǲʲô²Ը˵λ֮䡭ݷʳ仰ʱֻ㷢ݷڲ֪Ѿ˺ܶࡣ
ֻ˵ʲôʲôΪʲôֻֻ֪ҪԸȥˣȥĦ˼
ڵݷȴǿ׾ٵĿǲǳʲô£һ¾ܲµλ֮ʲôˡ
ݷ㿪ʼԼ˼ˣҲʼ⡢ˡ
ûʲô㲻ҪˡֻҡҡͷˣȥಶһЩϺɡλӾңҪ顣
ݷֻԸ˵Ҳûʣ˵ͷá˵ڶʱֻ㽫ݷ㲶Ϻʮ㡢غֿζݷ͵ƴǵĿջ

330 ǲǹ

ֻǽƴ͸ĵǸӹ̨˳һԭŵǵеԼһ׾µΡڵرһֳϴ֮ǰ¶ԹֻҪһĵǸùжԷϺ͵Ǹƣ֤
ĳġ
ԹҲ˽ˡ
ƵȻҪܴõġ
ƴǲû˵ѣյصϰףɽùƳǸƣһһ׾µĳ⡣
ѹƴǻ֪ûдǸ
֮鱾Ͳյƣܺü۵ĶԴƴǣȷʵǺȡˡ
һʱֻ˼ǧĵԽԽìܡ
ָоֻҲ֪Ҫôݣ֪ƴⷽǺĵģģҪƴǵĿǲǵˡ
Ȼƴ͸ƵĿĲô
Ϊ֮䣬Ҫô󶯸ɸꡣ
Ϊ֮Ҫסĺá
ϰ𣿡ԺͻȻһֻΪǰͶ޵Ŀˣ׼ȥ˵Ӵˡ
ȴƴߵ̴Ӿ˽
ʲô𣿡ֻЩֵʵ
˵ϰ̸ĺƴкܶ಻׵ĵط֪ϰ﷽ǰȥջָһ¹ӡʮֿ˵
ֱСҾͿˣﻹһˡڵɫѾˡ
˵ϰʦԴʦȻҪ֣һЩԲϰ˵һ
ڻҵˣǷû˵
֪ˣùŵĻ͹ȥֻǳɤž˵
գֻʣʱ˰ɣ
ʱ䣬ƴôԴӦѧɣ
ָоƴļֻҪαĺãպƴľϣһʱ͹ˡ
һֻó˵ڿϼǱʼǵ澢ıΣҲ˳ϰһºƴĸĸ
ҺĹʵȻ֪ҪôƴǽʲôǺʲôǰˡ
aoe졭صõĴӴֻε鱾ϡ
̿ʹдźƴĸĸ
ȻָֻĸĸĽƴ
һ䣬ƴǸһ顭
ͬʱƴǵдĸƴѧĺ棬ʼ϶ǳǳЦݣֻĸƴһʱƴǹڴߵĻȴǲɵļˣǴѤõ
Ĵǰ㣬һЦǡЦʲôֻƴǴЦݣôˣÿȴôĴ£Ű׳Ĵкڳ΢Цһ㣬˲һ
ĸо
ûʲôͻȻСʱĸ׽˵龰ƴЦ֮󣬲ڴǵĻȶٴһ˵ζ
ֻûע⣺ôС㶼ܼǵã
һС˵һңȻܼǵһʱ顣
ҲǣֻͻȻ龰񣡡ƴԵ˵
ʱһĸڻȻĵĽĸ֡
ֻû˵ʲôˣƴǽղŽ̵ģԼһ顣
Ϊļ䣬ǲסȫҲܼס롣
ǽƴʱͳˡ
ֻͼĵḶ̌ƴǼסЩĸôдȻͷβıһ顣
ͨˣд飬Ҳܼסˡ
ƴȴǻҪôдˣҪôĸĸ
һҲֻ֣ộƴǻǻ
ֻƴǣƴҲµСѧһ㣬ؾصλϣ˼Цţڵֻʦһ㡣
㡭ǲǹģֻãƴһɵѧȻˡ
ƴȴɻʵΪʲôҪ⣿
ܽһȦ㶼֪ÿֵҪ߶ٲ·ôͼǲסֻ˿⣬Ѿˡ۾ʧ֮ǰ֪·ʲôֵʲôġǹ̸µЩȷʵµһνӴһʱºѼסƴʵ˵ţʧ֮ǰ䲢ûôãǿѵġΪ˲ӰԼֻǿԼȥסÿһڷŵλú;롣
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ֻƴô˵ǾԼղŵ뷨Щˡ
ƴǾ̱ͨ˸һɣûܹĿ
ѧϰȣȷʵҲ
۾β𣿡ֻ㲻ɵʵ
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ʲôҽ𣿡ֻʵ
һζҩƣҪ֭ҺۣΪ̫֮Զʵķû취͵ҵĹҵģֻԼˡƴǸֻ͵
ֻϸĿƴǵ۾ǵֻڵһμƴǵʱ۾ûǲײ
˵ǸʱƴǸ֮һֱ÷Ƶ֭Һ۾
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֮⣬Ҳûʲô𡣡
ƴǵ̬ȻֹۣΪȥĶʮУѾÿĶˣܲܿѾҪˡ
۾ΪʲôſģֻеĿαʵ
ۿҽҽĸٶµ˽һѬģʱ̫ˣգ۾ˡʱûʲôǵ˵ڶ۾ͳֻӰˣֻ֮ܿģĹӰƴɤ
˵
Ѭģʲộж
ܿ۾𣿡ֻԥ˵
ԡƴ̧־ͽ⿪˲۾ϵİײ
ڰײһɫ֭Һ滹еҩ㣬ͬʱΪʱɫ֭Һƴǵ۽ΧմȾһ㵭⡣
ֻƴǵ۾ǰһ£ȷʵûʲôӦҲ۽۾ܹתܹӦеġ
ֻƴߣ̧ͷ۾̫⣬ȻְǿƴǵƤȥ
ЩǣӦþЩڵסƴǵߡ
ǱѬĻ㵱ʱ۾ӦûʹֻЩɻ˵šţҲʹżᡣ۾Ǽ򵥵ıѬˣǱҩըˣʱȫʧȥ֪˵ۣⷱƵ֭Һ֮
󣬵ûڸоʹҲˡҰģ
ֻƴǵӦⷱƵ֭Һ˻ãҪκƴǵ۾ǲˡ۾Ǹ߾ȵ٣ԽԽãⶼһˡһۿҽҲûκΰ취ˡ

331 

ƴһ綼ڷУŵʱ仹ûгƴǵķ䡣
С㣬޵ϰѧϰƴǲҪغ̴ӿ㿪˵
޵ϰЩɻ˵šѧʲôƴʲôôû
ϻҪƴѧϰĶ
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ϰ͹һ磬û𣿡һһ˫ü΢΢
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üͷԽˣ֮ǰܾƴǺϰ֮һЩ͸Ĺϵ
һƴǾȻϰһһ磬Խòˡ
ƴǴһŮ˵һġ
һôʱ䡣
ҲֻֻŻ
ֻּһƴǵ۾ĺúÿɽϪˮʢѤõɽ軨һСľܹ뵽һ԰С
ǿϧ۾նûɡ
ܿüĻһ˫۾ԲסС
ˡʱ죬֮⴫ӣҿԽȥ𣿡
ֻƴǱһξ룬۴⣬ƺѾƴǵ䷿Ѿһʱˡ
⴫֪ΪʲôֻȻһĸоԼһСԭһ
ƴվֽײ۾ϣŶţڵɡ
ƿţ㿴ɴֻƴһԲǰԲûбīֻһ鱾˺ڹͬһ鱾
ֲõԤԽǿˡ
ӣ˵ѧʲôƴʲôֱߵƴԣϸĶƴ˵
վƴǰľ׽˵۾ϵ鱾д鱾ϵ־ǷһδӴġֵķȻЩĸѧ֮ͿԸݺƴäˣʱֻҪָĴоͿԿдˣҪ
ƴǴµĸһ¡
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𣿣ʱäҪЩƴ𣿡İĴһãȻű㽫Ŀ⿴ֻ
ƴô˵Щƴһäģ۾ƴָͨĴоǽƴĿǰ
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ƴ۾üһںòˣĺԸ
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ƴǻὫλϰس㲻ʲôӣǹϵȴҲһġ
ƴǶŮ˶һģҲ⡣
Ը⿴ľôһŮˣƴǶԴķʽһšƴ˵ͷ⼸ҺҪúøϰѧϰ⺺ƴֻѧˣӷĴäĳֱеִĻ
ķѵľѧҲ١
൱ѧϰһˡ
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ȴôܹùӵأ
һ仰˵꣬ϲɵĸֳһĨ糺ɫڴǵЦҸ
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ֻҲֳ֮һĨЦĲ֪ΪʲôƱһ£Ǵʹ
ɵվŵǸλãԭġ
ûϵҪ롣
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Σһ˽һµذյࡣһõǵʱ򣬹ӶдһŸ𣿡Ե˵ţǴҹͻݺ
ƴǶ˶ǣ˽֪ʲô
ֻ˭֪
ƫƫȴܰΪյ⡣
۾ˡͲôķ羰ˣҲûôľˡҲ뿪ʹȥˡҲдʲôˡ
һѧ򴽣ྻׯĨκ֬Ⱦϵһ㣬ϸĵӶ㣬Ҳ߽ġ
ᣬҲɬƴҲס
˫ײס۾ɵգһ¡ͺһε䵽ļһ㡣
ͻȻֻ˵Ǿ仰öԡŮûаģСŮֻҪã͸ˡ˲Сϲǲϲ㡣
ĻôĶô飬ȻĵһӦǸжǸоһѹһϢѹ
ԽǶԽ֪ĸ顣
ϲ
Ҳıø
ָоͺĺãΪǷ顣
㼴㲻ϲĿȴֲò
ָоܡ
ͻȻֻ˵ɡ˵ɲġ
ȥ˵Լ˵ĻȥԼԼ¡ûκεĸҲõı˵ָԼҲ˶ھΡ
ͱȢͿԲȢԼʲôԲĵط
ǡǾһѧɣƴ˼ƷƬ֮ն˵
ֻ˵ǷѾ˵֮ǲκεĻˡ
Ϊû취ڻ飬ֻǲܺŮ˹һġ
ҲûҪȥͼʲôˡ
˵˵仰ʱһʯ׹һء
ֻûܣһĿԣûֿˡ
һԸԼļ֣
ֻص֮ݷȴڼңķѾˣڹ档ѲΪϵСֶȥˣ

332 ΪʲôҪҵķ

ֻûж룬극ˢĥĥһɴ˯һȥ
תһ룬һ˯ˣҪĵӡ
ݷҲ֪ʲôʱŻ
˼ֻ̫ȥΪܹƴڽʣļнƴѧã黹
ֻ̾һȥˡ
ߵջʱ̧ͷ㿴Ѿվڿջ̨ϣоֽϵݡ
һѾ߾üͷ˵СĺѰʲôĸĸģȫŪأҲĺôѧˡ
üͷҲţԴǴģѧǺܿģǻΪδӴĶҲδʶġ
һһ㣬ЩΪѡ
ղƴǽĸЩ֪ˣܾЩĸдôô֡
Ϊе֪ڽһȫµ;ЩˡӴСйĿı¡ѧһͼסˣǵȻҲùʧұҪڹӳǰЩĸȫᡣ˵꣬ȴ
૵źƴ
վڿջ̨µֻνǽѾ˵ĻȻƴƭġ
ôôϲƭ˵ЩʱΪأ

ֻ߬Լָÿһ;ԼǱһ㣬ʹʹġ
ΪѾأã崺硣
ȻʵﻹĸԵǿƵϹǻᰴ뷨ȥ£˵Ľ͡
ͼܹףı⣬Ļص
Ӵһ
ƴǣ㾿ôôس
ôҪû
ֲƽ
ֻԽ룬ǸԽ۵òܺ
һֱվãһֱԼԴ΢һ߽ջ
һֱڿĻĺ嵽ƴǵǰҪôҪȫ̯˵
һγ׵˺ƤӴ˳Ϊԩҡ
±֪ҪʲôȴҪװ֪
̫ˡ
ȥֻݷˣ֪ܽжٵ̴ӡǽƴǼˣֱӽθ󵽳
Ҳ뿪Ļʹˡ
ԣֻƴĿסԼԼ侲ȻԼҪô졣
ȷķƴǡ
һŮ֪һкӹ׷ֻΪ򵥵İ취ǲȥǸкӣкȻȻͷˡ
Ȼƴǲô׷ˡ
Ȼܹһ飬´ξһӢ۾
ôսģȻսڸҲʮֵá
ǸŮӦľǸкϲ
Ȼѣ
ҲûƴϲƴǿԺƭΪʲôԷȥƭ
ƴǲҪϲ֪ϲˡ
˳Ҳ¶һʾʲô˼
ֻ϶¥̴ӱһ䷿£ƴ֮˯ϰߣһƴǾͻˡ
֮һЩϹƷ̴ӴӺֻͳƴǵķ俴ȥ
ǰû̴غ򣬲Ҹղλ̴Ӿƴǵķʱ˽Ų
ֻǰƴڱɽׯʱ򣬲͸˵ƴ˯ϲߡ
ֻ̽һСԴȷ̨źƴû֮󣬱ߵƴǷǰСƿһŷ졣
ϵķҲ֮
͸ŷ滨ľĴɢŲɴᣣڴĴ£Ǻһ㣬Ʈ
ԼԼĿ˯һӰ
ֻƣֱӾ˽ȥŵʱǹϵķٴ춯
ֻȫûһĺͽŵĸо
Ϊ֪ƴѾˣǰɽׯһ߽ƴǵķһƴǾѾˡ
Ȼʱץס̹֡Ȼߵǰƿ״ĵɫɴᣣƴǲ˯ģһͷīĳưϡˮһĲգ
һϸһ㣬̲סȥϺõ񡣡ֻҲȷʵôģ֮˽֮ĺܾ̾ΪʲôôȻϾ٣Ƥϸ塢ɾĿһ˿ëףͺǾţ
һ㡣
ΪҪǣòһᣬ͸¶Ŵš
Ϊѵõġ
ִЩС⣬ÿǺÿȴеŮӸеպǡ
ƴǲһۻ֮ȴֲĨ
µò£ȴӵžķ绪µĳ֮Խʡ
ֻǵҪƴǵòǲģȥͨʲô
ָҪʱȻƴǸסˡ
ֻ΢ľһ£űǸƽ
ɣƴѾˡ
ҴƴһὫΪ
ƴס֮󣬱ĴӴ۾Ͼܻһײͨ飬˯ѵգЩá
ɿֻ̧֣Өƴжε̫Ѩ͸һ˿䣺Ҳϲ˯ʱ˴ţ´αˡ
ƴǱ˳ȥ
ֻվԭأƴȥıӰ
òղŵӣЩ
ƴһüģһ̨߳ķȥҪø˯ѵ˼һ£ȴĺȻѾߵ˵ô
ƴһվԭأһˮѸٵĽ廹δѵȫѡ
ղǸ˲
ȻյȴһŮϸѵǸֻ
ƴ̾תԼķȥķӴ⴫ȴѾûֻӰˡ
ӣˡ޵ϰѾȹˡ߽ԭҪƴǵģȴƴѾˡ
ʲôʱģƴǿʵ
һ褻شʱӦû˯š
֪ˡƴ漴˱۾һ
Լ׿˵ģŮ˹һ
ΪʲôҪ˯ʱܵķһ븧
ϲһ˵ı֣һϲȴӵеĸ顣
ող˷ľȴһ˿ϣ
ֻ㾿Ҫĥҵĵʲôʱ
ֻϣе֦ƴһ°ɫۣ֥˽
ſһʱ򣬾ѹزסķ˴Լ
˼ϰõˡƴ𴽽һĨǳЦǸ˵ûϵˡֻ־˲ֺ֣һ˵ˣδ޲˵ҪһѧҸղʱҲ̨ƴ

ҾҪ뿪ˣ뾡ѧᣬѧˣ·ϽҲһġƴǻش
ǸϿ쿪ʼɡֻǰ
ڿʼǰʹһ𣿡ƴҲߵǰϵİ£µݿֻ
ʲô⣿
ΪʲôҪ˯ʱҵķ䣿ƴ΢ͣһ£㻰ɤԽʵ߲ͣõ뵽ֻĶСƴ˵֮󣬱㰲ĵֻĴ𰸡

333 ϲ

ղŻƴΪʲôϴȻռء
ԭأ
ƴ߽һ̿ʼƴǾ˽ļƻ
ϲԲ͵͵Ľķ䡣Ȼ;Сӣ׼׿ڳϲˡûаһֱ䰡ֻתһ⣬һãȻ˵ôܻƽ޹ʵĽķأӣǲʲôˣ᲻
δް
ƴǲµֻܻ᲻ϣȴû뵽ֻϵȻ
Ǻһ˿˵ѵĺۼ
ҸղȥʹˣƴժϵİײĻ˫۾һֱֻġ
ֻƴǳƫеĿĺ۾ǲܿˡ
ͻңָֻԼ
ǻɣƴȴһּᶨ˵ջѾҰˣܽջˣֻһŮӡ
ƴ˵ĺоݣֻȻ죬Ĳʵ˿߽㷿𣿻㿴Ǹ㷿ң
㲻ܽƾƶϣͶ϶Ǹң˵Ҫƾ֤ݵģȻǿԸ̰ġֻ˵ĵʮ㣬ûһ˿顣
ƴֻ仰ĬһضĴϣɢļƷ˿Ȼķһ
˺һƴĴǻһĨЦƽˮĵһ㣬֮Ϣɢˣǡ͵ϴ˰ɣ
ϴ˰Ȼ˵㳤úܺÿҼСҲܺÿҼеĶҪ˼ҵİǲϣʲô취
˵Ķԡƴ˵һ䡣
Ͽֻ˵
һ磬ֻһСѧʦһְĵһƴϸѧ
ϸָ֮£ƴϸѧõͻͽĽ
ǳйغƴ֮⣬Ҳû˵Ļ⡣
ֻ֪ƴǲô׵ķҲɫĿŽƴҪΡ
ɫתڣҪȥʱƴȴҪȥ
ˣջҲԶɫҲˡҲ̫㣡ֻίľܾˡ
ƴȴǼ֣һЦ˵Сʱ˽ʦʱҪʦ͵ſڵģѧʦغǡ
͵ſھͺˣð͵޵ġֻЦ˵
ҲԶϰްɡƴǵĻǳǳģ̬ҲǷǫ͡
˾ܾܾˡ
ǺðɣֻҪƴô̵ľЩʲôҺƴƺлҪ˵
ƴǴӾ褵нӹһյ֮󣬻˾褲˸һͻ
ӿջ޵·̣Ҳֻӵʱ䡣
׮ߡʵСУһյƵӳʯ̾͵·Ͻ˵Ӱҷڵϡ
𣿡ӿջ߳һֱ߽ڵʱƴǲſ˵һȴ˵Ҫ¡
⵹ֻЩ͸ƴʲôˡ
ʲôֻЩֵʵ
Сʱҹ·ʱĸ׶˵һµģҾͲºˡ벻ƴ崺ֻĶ߻ʡ
ֻŴЦţòһ಻ƴ˵Ķλ˺ܶࡣ
ˣҲºڡֻҡҡͷ
ƴû˵ˣ˾һ·Ĭ߻صޡ
ſڵĵȼˣ˵ݷѾڼҵˡ
ǸҵˣȥʱСһֻͣ½Ųתƴ˵
ƴ˵ͷӦһȥɡ
ǵĻǴһĨŨ
ֻƿţżʱȴƴǲûת뿪ֱͦŵˣվԭأĿصһ㡣
ֻû⣬㽫Ժŵˡ
֪ΪʲôڹŵһɲǣĪƴվɫµӰЩ͹¼ŵζ
ͺڷɻһԶִܵһ㡣
ֻĽŸˡ
ľͷľͷ֮ײ촫뵽ƴǵĶС
ڴǵĻȻЦȴЦôĿɬĴᡣ
ͺһֽ紵ڵһϢҲûκ˵ע⡣ֻϵһɲǣζ֮еԵֶ׵Ķˣ֮ٴҲǵһƳѣٷʲô£
뺣СʯӣھκεĲơ
֮ҪֻޣʲôҪֻҲ̶̵һ·֮仹ܷʲôı䡣
֮һ·
Ȼ˭ҲԸԷһʱһᣬԸ⿿
ֻ֮ܵˡ
ƴԭվһ֮󣬱̧ſ̨ףȻӻͳöԸƣԸƹͭƵԲϡ
ĶһֱߣҪˡ
쿴Ըƣͻ֪˭ˣ
֮ͻű紵ڵصֽһʧϢֻ֮󣬱˶¥򿪴㿴ƴŵյƻڣȻվԭأһֱãյ̨ףΪ
ţû졣
Ժӵڵסֻߣ֪ƴվſʲôԥҪҪţѾŵĶǷ֡
ǹһ֮㿴ƴ½ԵأյƣӰ¾ĳʱ·ȥ
ĲʱĲҪһЩȴûκͣҲδعһͷһһ߻쳣ļᶨ
ֻſڴ̨ϿƴǵӰʧҹɫУһֲ
֪ƴǽҪʲôֻƴʲô
ܾƴ˵ĻܻᷢһЩܲ˵顣
ƴѾֱΪʲôҪķˣƴǵķһٶҲƴ϶Ǻϲġ
һٷϣ񶨣ϣƴǵ䣬ͼ˾
֮û׷ʣһбֵĶƽ
ԽƽҲԽķ
ֻԽԽòԼڵƴǳôˣӦȨ
뵽ֻ˶¥Ժžͳƴǵķ׷ȥ
ƴǲû߶Զ׷һڵʱֻ㿴ƴǵıӰ
һ¡ֻ̳סǰߵƴǡ
ƴֻŲһ¾ͣסˣղ֪ڳܹȴûǸ˻ֻ
ôˣƴתųϸֳһĨЦݡ
һҪ˵ֻĳƴǿǼ򵥵֣ǵƴǵʱȴЩˣҪˡ
ʲô£ƴǵɤʵ
ֻһҺƴǵ۾ŵģǿģ۾۾ĻĻֱӽĸָתɣûˡ
㻹Ҫ𣿡ֻȻһЩĬա
š
֮󻹻ܽ𣿡ֻֽʵ
Ӧáˡƴ룺ⷱҵ۾ԺӦǲˡ
ô˵пһμ𣿡ֻЦ˵һֱŬ̵档
ƴ룬ûֱӻصֻ⣬ֻ߽һ㾿ʲôҪ˵
Ҳûʲôֻһƴ˵ԺҲڼˣҾ㡭ϲ㣡
ֻҪ֪ЩͺˣҲûʲôˡֻգգ۾ͬʱִһĨڶгʼնǣֻã׷˵ˣʣµľͿƴҪˡ

334 뿴ľ

ƴֻ׿ڶ˵ĸ֣þõ뵽һƬĬУ֪Ǹø˻ǻȸԾ
ȫѪҺΪֻǼ򵥵ĸֶ÷
ҹϵĶӦûûɣȻһȴѸٵĹƽͺǰһ̻Ǳ꣬һȴС꽫Ъ
ʲôֻƴǵı飬֪ƶϲģһ⡣
ȥɡƴ΢΢ܵ˵仰ǹһ㣬תţ㿴Ͳô˵ˡ
ƴǶתȻеĵкǽǵһư¹һ㣬ĳǰƶš
ƺһתһԵЩѺͲᣬȴ־ıֳݵģ
ֻƴǵķӦƽʲôڴһ㡣
Ĳ룬ƴ仰ӦûһȻ׷
Ȼֻ˵ôһƽĻûҪȥ׷Ĵ㣬ǵһ
ֻĴάų״ҡӰ£һöľʵԸƱһɫ˿ͭƵŻϡ
ֻ߽ʱͻͻͻ
ǴϵԸƣǴƴǷзֵԸơ
öԸ˭ģдʲô
ƴдԸ
ֻöԸ紵ҡҷĹӰ޵Ըϡ
Ϥ˲ֻ˫ںڰеӱ
ٵĻϲ
ô̶̵߸֣һ̵ĺֹˡ
ԸƣնƴдµԸơ
ԭҲֻǽедѣûƴʲôӴ
û뵽ԸƾȻ뵽ƴǵС
ôˣô᲻仰˼
Ŵ˵ϰǴ󿴣ִ˵ϰǴ
ʱдĻǣϲ㣡
ֻԸƵЩˣǸԱߣּдˡƴǡ֡
ѹ֣ƴǻ˵Ǿ仰
ƴǼҪһ𣬵һͱ
ߵǰҲҪţǽԸƻ
ҪöԸƻһֱӸʵݡ
һַı֣
ֻһ뵽صìܵУһʱֲƴķΪķ
ƴӦúʵݵĻ϶ߵġ
Ϊʲô
Ϊں𣿻áߣ
ֻͷĺۣһ̴ƴǵĶԻϵĴи֡
ô־͸һ뵽ؿڡ
Ҳȷʵ֤ˣܶʱƴǾڹӽģ
ƴ֪ڷеǸȴ⽫
ݷŪΣΪܹż
ȴͻȻԸƻˡ
Ϊʲôƫƫʱ
ƫƫ뵽ƴǷк֪봥ʱ
ͻȻķˡ
ĿĴﵽˣϲˣ֮ǰһ뵽ʹ;ᵱС
ֻ壬ֱżϡֱȸߵѧѣ̫ˡ
벻ס
ֻеԸƣ֪żжãһӰվֻĸǰ
ֻΪƴֻˣ̧ͷȴݷ㡣
ݷʹͷ次ݱںڰУԼԼֻ˫
ôˣݷɤһԽ
ֻû˵ȴֻǿݷ㡣
ݷ۾ȴ䵽ֻŵǿԸϣùȥȻٴֻ૵ƴǣ
ϲƴˣݷЦˡ
ݷһ仰ֻˡ
ǰȻϲƴˣ
ȻϲǾͺһ𰡡Ҳϲ㣡ݷȻ˵Ϊֻһ㡣
ֻȴǿݷ㣬һƽδˡ
ôϲ㰡
ϲأֻȴǷʵһʼϳҵʱ򣬾ֻ뿴ҵЦأ
һǰƴ˵ϲԲܾ뿪ġ
ƴġ
һ˵ʱǲǵģڵƴǺǣǵ˼
Ϊʲôô˵ݷȴɻʵ
ֻ㽫ݷ㣺˵ˣ˲ƴǺ̴򣿡
ʵ˵ϲңҲûʲô˾ˮˮҲͦõġڡҲ֪ʲô
µĲҡҲ֪ʲôʲô֮ǰϹһУΪס
滨ʱ򣬻صǸԺΪƴԺ󶼲һҲôһΡ
ƴǾˡ
ÿζΪ粨ƽʱǸȴͻȻ֡
Ϊĸ岻ֻʱĶѡʲô뿪ȥݷֻǰţʵ㱻סԼġ㲻ϲƭس
乬ΣԸ㻹ܹúúõġ
ܹĺ󹬽üȮʲôأֻҪ㲻ϲûʲôµġݷһһ˵š
ӣ뿴𣿡ݷһﾪˡ
ΪԼϲƴǣƴҪʲô¡
ΪϲԲʼ
ĺ±ƴǶ乬£ֻҪϲƴǣͲ£
ֻδݷ˵˵ôе
ֻҪĲﶼɵġ
Ҫʲô뿪ȥƴǸﻰ
̹̹һС
Σڴķ屻紵Ķ죬ƴվڴǰ̧ͷڵգʵ뿪
̴̧ͷһۣɫ룬¹ɴûֻл⣡
ǣ죬ϵ
ʱˣܽĵѾϨˡǱߵĵҲϨˡ̴ƴѾڴǰվãƴʲô
֪˵Ѿˡƴ˵׼ܹǾϲѾ֪ˡ
ֻζĸֶѡƴЦ˵
ôҲáͽһжڻɡ
ȵ˵ڶ죬ͬʱ䣬ֻȴȻˡʱƴȴΪ˯úڲ
ֻûȥƴǣ˵Ҫ̴
̴ֻһɫȹ͸֬վʢӻǰԼʫ
˰ִżԵվ˲㽫䶼õͬһңɼΡΪֻ˵ϰһģһѹͲǰüĿȻ续ŮӾȻǸɴϼѿϰ

335 㻹ϲ

СȻǲĵһŮһȥٴγϷǰϷΪľް̴ԵĶֻ˵
⻹̴һοأ̴ֻһЦôһЦվԱߵľ褿Ĳɵһ¿ˮʵڻߣҲŮǲ֪ΪʲôƫƫֻôһĨЦȴ˼ʼĨЦʲô˾ǵһ㣬
ԡ
褲ڿתųȥˡ
ǸʱĻС㣬ֵõϷȥ䡣̴Ц˵֣һ롱ơ
ֻ˹ߵ޷ܾöûлױҲû˾ȥˣڴ˴ҹȹСķΣȷʵЩϰߡЩӣ̴ҶúɣܽôľɫδȥúͰɣָֻԭȵֻΪܽЩˣ
ǴЩصǿⲢ̴ֻֻһ裬˵ͷҲûлС˵ϷҪ۾ģÿնҪɽժµķƣȻĥĥһʱ
Ҳ඼ȥˡ
ܽɽľɫˣܽûô
̴͸Ͻ죬ȥܽطɡֻյһڲ衣
̴˵ͷȻ۾㿴ֻǽջСǲ˾
ʲôֻ֪ʵ
СȻ֪ӵݲû뿪ѵǻС˾𣿡ߣ𣿡СˣӻصСλҲǸֻǻʺ֮λӿܸˡϾѾ˻Լȡõġ
ǻСҪһһһ˫˵ĻӻΪѡ̴ҲֱӽеĻ̯˸ֻ˵ֻ仰ȴЦˣƺ̴˵仰ʮֵĺЦ̴㲻Ҫ롣ֻϲáҲǲʲôΥԼĺ͵
顣Ͼܵи󵽣ȻˣҾͲժˡģǲǹҪسҲ첻ǺȻһȥݼһ¡ϹڿҵԾܲܲһǵϾǵԼ͵Ŀ϶ҪҲĽųҲЩȻΪ˻رһ·ҾǳԺˡֻˬʶ죺
࣬ҲֻҺݷˣ̴㿴㣿
̴˺ð죬Žֻ˵һλ
СǴһȥ̴ظһ顣ǰԭҲǴҪģ룬˳·ɴһɡҲʡݷһģźС㡣һ
ʡºܶ鷳ҲиӦֻ˵ͷ֮ĵǲ鷳ġ
ҪǿԵĻһȥݷʰһ¶еĻǾԼ
СȥȥݼаǰҶӦȥֻ˵ͷҲղôˣǶһĨŨ֪ѾˡϾδ
ޣȻҪȥġ
ҪĹǰúõĸһ£ȥ
аڻ꣬ԻСڵݣǽȥɡ
Ͳ̴ˣҵ϶취ġֻȴǰ˰֣ܹܲȥͲʲô⡣
ҲҪǵġ
ǡ̴һĬһ¡
̴ֻ򣺡ǲҪЩðʧˣǵƴǵδ޻⣿СѾ֪СĴڡΪƣС˵СǲġϷһӲС̴ں
˵
ֻ˵ͷţҲûϵȥƴǱΣƴѧĺܿ죬ƽӦþȫѧˡ
Ϊֻ˵̴ģ˾Ҳûȥƴǡ
̴վƴǷǰ˵֮󣬱һš
ӣСˡ̴仰һ˵꣬ԭķ䴫һϡϡ졣
ƴǱһ´ţվ̴ĸǰµϻһ˿˯⣬ȻɫĴȴǸ߸ߵôҲزס
Ķƴһ˵ţһ߿ż
ֻҪôԸߣҪô˵ġ
ƴȴϣǰߡӣСӣɷسʱݷһΡСҪһԼĸ˳ȥݼһа̴һһ
˵ţ᲻ء
ƴץŵ΢΢ɣ̶ٴƽĿڣ𣿡
С˵ӼȻˣͲժˡ̴仰ǳ׵ľƴǵ
𣿡ƴǵѾϷ
ûУС㻹ڷŸϿأ
֪ˣϴһ¾͹ȥƴתȥ
޳ͦεıӰȥЩʧ
ǲӦңûֱߵ
ౡĽţеĺò죬лһֱֻ˴̨ϡ
ֻͳ㽶ſڴ̨ϿšʱʱĻЩڡ
΢ĵοűƿѩƴǱǰ
߽һ̣ԭɣеĪıЩ
ֻſڴ̨ϣƴһһ߽¸Ŷ˵Ĺ⻪
ԭժߵӣȻôÿֻͷһô̹Ȼֱƴʢգȿڵ
ϲ𣿡ƴȴʳôһ䡣
ϲֻˬĳϣ㳤ϲ˭ϲ
ʵǣ˵ĸֻ𣿡ƴǽŻĹϡ
档˵ȥĻҲջءϲϲûҪƭԼ˵ϲֻˬʡ
ƴѭֻ˵ֻҿԸ㣬ڵض˵㲻ϲסڻʹҾ͸һլԺϲĻϲԵĹԺｨӣ
һһڶ衣æ˹£ȥ￴㣬ȻЪȵڶϣȥ糯
ɽȪˮ뵽ֻĶСػʹסĻҪץЩŮ̫齫ԡǰ㲻عأڴǰżװһ
ӡЩ棬ȤĶѡʲô˼룬Ҷ֧㣬ֻҪ㲻ѻʹը˾ССǻʹլԺ㶼ˣȥɽˮСҽǧɸ㣬ȻԴĺõСáֻҪŸдţҪȥΣյ
ط֮ڻ󣬸ҴЩͺáֻԴǰƴǣ˵黰ıκʱ򶼶ˡ

336 

ֻǡƴǼֻʼնû˵ֻһˣһֱڶſ˵һ㣺Һˣû취Լ
ҲûκȥԼ
ֻɹŵЦ⣬֪ת۾䣬ҪľǺǾ䡰ǡֻ͡ǡǰ˵컨׹ûãת۾Ǿ仰Ҫġ
𣿡ֻֻʳôһ仰
ΪʲôۣƴȴǷʵֻҪ֪ң˻صߣΪʲôҪоۣڴ֮ǰѾ˵ˡܸĴžǻʺ֮λԼżȥҸҲ׵ġѾʳһˣǾ
ֻ˲ˣҺҲֻһ
ˣڻԼ뿪ˡ
ϲ㣿ֻ૵šǡ֪ҲϲҲ֪Ǹ㡣ûҪֻ̫࣬޸ңҵߡƴǻû˵ǣֻûߵĻ
Ҳѡ޸
֮Ըôã޷˵ļ޸ֻΪֻ뿪ϣ
ףϲϱˣҲǲŮˡ
ǵͳΪΨһŮˡ
ȻҪ֪µĻһʧѹɡ
𣿡ֻֽʵëֻÿ˵һ仰ƴǵжĳء
ãܺãƴǵʹʵѾдˣֻҪһ¶ѡ
˲ϲ֮⣬ʲôòõĵط𣿡
ûУܺáƴĵһ˿ϣĻ类ֻ仰ˡ
ǡֻĻû˵꣬ƴǱͳɤ˵˵ˣ˼
Ļ嵭ģûһ˿ͺˮˣʧȥʶһ㣬Ϣĳ뵽ˮףҲϰ
׶˵Ǿ仰Ӧ֪ˡ֮ƴǱתſȥ޳ͦεȴ͸¶һޱߵĹ¼šʲôҶ㡣ֻǡƴվſڣ޳Ѿŵοյ̵ϣϣԺҪ
ϣˡΪϲ㣬СһҵһɳΣһԲΡǣϣ㲻ҪҵˡƴǷϵָ
һս˵ϲңĺܿġԸû˵Ҳδ
ֻȻüĿ񴺷һᣬȻĶȴǸһѼ쳣ĳءȻ˵ϲһ˵Ȩ治ϲǸҲ顣㲻Ϊ͸ϷҸŮһ𣿡ƴһֱ
ֻ˵ģķ罫Ӵ𣺡ңϲңҾĬҪһġǣڣʲôأһʼ㲻֪δޣ仨ѾȻѾ㲻ҵ檣Ҳϲȥ˵ĶΪʲôҪңϲ
أƴ˵ֻĻ֮ƽһ°θߣҲᶨֻҲ֪ʲôҲȥˡǣҲĽˣҪôͽҪôͳȥʲôѡҶ㡣ֻҪѡҶҵ
һˣͱĳȥȥ˾Զڽ
ֻ仰续üĿһһĨӺͳء˵ϣƴǲϷһĨľĹâˣպʰһس
ҿȥĸ׺ϹҸղŴӦҲ䡣ûãݷһֻǣţԺǷҲãǷʲô¡㶼ңǸѡ֮Ҿ͵ѾˣҲѾˡ
Ǹϲֻˣ
ƴĻصûֻͷ͵һղĻҿԶһЩʱ俼ǡֻ֮ҪѡҲٸջغͷڵĻᡣƴ˵㡰֨ѽһοյĺľ
˳ȥ
öֻĶҡ׹š
ƽһıûĺ󼹻ܳһ⡣
ȻֶĲǹ⿿ŬͿԽģοƴзǷıԵˡ
ݷվԺӵһ£ĵϣһɫĹâĳ£òԽѤáұˡԽԽʼţǰ֮һٶĴ룬ÿκģҶռϷ硣ֻΪһֱڸһᣬһֱҶ
ֻӱƵĵϣԵ˵ҵڻΪܴһξӵڶΣӵΡֱҲףֻҪӣҸӲҲ֤֮ǰ
ֱǶԵģƴˣܹƿغͼԦ˵ġ
ҲԸȷϣ֮ǰϲҡڵҲĶûٸˡֻ˵㽫ԼԴԼıС
˵ƴû˵һ仰ĻԥìܵУȥ²ƴ˵ǷǲǷĵġ
Ƿƴǻص֮ƴǱҪ
ʵڲȷƴǵʵ뷨Ļ˾ȾܾƴǺˣ֮󣬿ǲĻ뿪ܽûڶʲô
ʱڿȥΪʲôҪ̴˵Ļ֮Ƿı⡣
Ȼƴһ仰ȴһ¾˽ѵľء˵ţԺǷҲãǷʲô¡㶼ңǸѡ֮Ҿ͵ѾˣҲѾˡ
Ǹϲֻˣ
仰ֻΪһ̫ˣҪټȥʹһѡ
ȻֻȴôΪ
ƴǳĻϣĵҪѹĻһְ취ȥȥ
ԲǽҲãҲãм䣬ȥѡ
Ϊ壬ǰ롣
һǺܺͱؿڵһҲǺġ顱ȻֻѡسΪ˭Ҳ֪Ժᷢʲô¡᲻ΪһЩȥݷֻĻ֮󣬱
𰸣㹻ǿ󣬻߼޸һˡ
ֻߣѡݷһѹһһɱֻȴṴһ´ҡҡͷһ±üᶨȻѡǸɴͿϲ̸һΡ֮ǰ̴˵ĻʵѾˡΪһң֮û˸飬ҪҵĻҴ˾ͻһˡ

337 ǲʲô

˵ֻҪվ¶˾һ㡣
ҰеĶԹϣ׵׵һºˡ
ȻݷȴסֻС㣬㲻ȥ㣬𣿡
ҪĻ϶˵һᣬȻͣǲ˵Щġ
ֻһ¾ͣסˡ
ȻóᣬһᡣˣҲĳˣڵȵǸʱһжˡ
ֻݷĻȴԥһ£ӡУһҵˡȻ֪ˣһ˵ûбҪڲҴš
Ȼܹ֮㣬ѵʱȴô׷˵౰СˡãһҵˣΪʲô̴˵ǷأһӣΪʲôҪһСŮӼƽأ鶼ȥһˡҪ
ĲʣΪʲôҪأ֮󷴻ˣҲѰ䰡ݷֻš
ֻԽԽݷ˵е
ºҲƴ˵˲ǣ̴ҲӦøƴǣ֪಻ߣԲŸҴȥġǡѵҳֻˣȷʵƴǺ̴˵İȻֻǷʲôƴǻ书ģ̴Ҳһ
⣬Ҷڴ͵ĻƴǱȻǻֵᷢĶ𣿡
ԡݷ˵ͷֻƴǺ̴˵ȴûпˡ
˵˹ðƴǺ̴λأݷ欺ÿĿֻ
Ȼֻȴһ뵽ɻС
˻˭λȻΪ˲ƴһ
ֻ˵֡
Ѿƴ֤ʵݷ˵ƭ
ƴǺ̴ĻǺĻҪôģҪôƴǺ̴򡣡
С㣬Ļ벻ǰ𣿡ĿǰΪֹҲֻˣֻȻҲϣǱ˹ǶζԻġ
ݷÿͫ˶ȻɫҲʼ֪ΪʲôʱͻȻһ£һͻȻˣôҲ벻
ӣǧϢˡҪˣҹˮȴ䡣ڶ߻صš
ƴѾܾûкȹˣҲûжһݶϣããҹɫС
Ȼ̴ĻƴǲûжķӦ
еǸ˾Се̴ۣ˵Ψһͬǣ۵۽п룬ݷûСЩһģһ
ƴ仰תЩĬȴִżִͣأ뻹˵ʲôˣ
ʱƴ̴ݷĻȻǧϵѾصŵĲ룬һ»е˭
˵ۺС˴СʶҡϲС㣡̴Ҳ벻ǧ͹ϢȻ˵˳Ծ
˵ƴ续üĿ
ǧ˵кܶ鶼ǣڲ飬˵ֻܴµĸЩ
ǲû˵Ϊʲôʧ٣˵֣ȴ˵ϲ
û˵̴ҡҡͷ
ϲ𣿡ƴһʳôһ⡣
Сʱ˵ĹϵͦܵġϾҲáϲϲҲ֪
𣿡˵нҪȥˣԾʹѾȥܽһЩزҪš
Ѿˡ̴ش
Ѿ֪˽飬ȥƴǣƴǱѾķǰһЩѹŵ¶һĨЦϸĵƴǣ֪˵ʲôûϵġȻƴͻ
ܹҲǵԵֻ֡ҪֻҪƴ㲻ҪȡԼͺã
仰˵ʮֵСģҲʮֵı΢
£Ҫ˵ġڻһҪ㡣ƴ޳վǰĴһɵľƮɢ
ƴǰһִģƴֻʣࡣ
ĲɵЩ
ƴǣǲʲô㲻˵£ƴǽ֮ƴǻδڣȿڡƴҡҡͷɵҲԽ۾һײȴȻƴǵ۾·д͸һ㣬ʱԽ
Ĳˣǲʲôң
ƴǣôͻȻô˵ƴһ仰˵ģŵϺһ
ۣ֣ƴɤĵķںһһ˿⡣
ǡ
ƴŴû˵ˣڵԼڡ
Ȼȴǵʹһ˫üš
㲻ң֮便ʲô𣿡ƴǼûԼҪ˵˼ֻԼٴοڣӦ˽ҵģҲϲ˵ƭ
ƴô˵ıһ¾ͳɫҲʼƴǣҲǲԸ㣬ǡҺʹ࣡ҭŵҵ֣ȴϲҡһֱȢҡСʱҲ;
ҺܺãǺҽҵУҾͲڿˣҲֱ˵ˡǡͲκ˽ӽңҵ˶׵䣬ҲǿƵĲκ׵˽ţ˼Ҹϳȥö֮ϲҵ㴫˳ȥӴ
ûһڸס
ҵ嶼ۺް취һλƺ˵ʮֵʹ࣬һϲ˾ţǸ˻Լø硣
ƴǣĲ֪ж£жƫִԽ˵ԽѹˡΪʲô嶼ûκΰ취ø磬ôƴ֪Ĵɭϡһм峤Ϊල
ͲӦóȻǼˣһͱˡΪ۵ĸҵĶ궼ûлСһζңúͻϺˣҶ˵еĺӲҶģǻʱ˻ϵġ֮ҶͶҶܲãһξʧִҶǸʱѾ
Ÿµˡ
ȻأƴǱΪ鲻̫ӣڿܸӡ˶ΪеĺҲ϶ǻˣ˭û뵽֮Ե˷һǶмͷС֮⣬һ·
ץĺӡҲ˵ģȴȫëӾۡƴҲ˫Զɽüʼһͯ겻ҵˣԺҲǲҵģֲһᲨˡ

338 ŵ

ǱǾȻģǣҶĵڶͷ˺ˮһ¾ͽĹײĸ˳ꤵǱǿ˹ײġҧ˶ĶӣȻһͷĸǾͷۣ
˻ȥ̽󡣡˵ͷʱҶΪǱǸˣԴұѡһĹؽ˽ȥ֮㽫͵Ǽ壬ǼͶԸǺĺϼҵĹ⡣Ҳû취ֻýӴȥҺãǸʱۻСܿӦʱ˵츳Ҳչ˳ʱ书ѾﵽΡҶ֪֮
뽫۴ؼ嵱кúȴԸΪһµĺӣһǱĸģΧ˶һûһԸ档ǸʱС;ûÿҾӽ档˵⣬ʼʮֵĺڣһĨʹɫȫû뵽ᷢ飬Ȼϲ
ңΪ˺һôµ顣
ҲΪʲôϳȴҲǺὫҸϳ
Ϊλ޶ʧ٣ǲǺǼйأ仰ƴ˵Ҳί񣬲û˵ĺֱӡȻҲƴǵ˼̶ƴҡͷƴǣҲ֪ȻҺҴδҪʧͻȻʧӦøѡ
йءҵļûвȥĲ֪ﲨӯӯ˵ţҭִżʹֻҲʱץסƴǵ䣬ƴǵǿ󣺡ƴǣ˵ĶʵҺܺãҺ
ãҺûܵġֻҪĴûҪ˺
ˣ֪ˡƴ국ڡ
һ˫üȴǽţȴԽСˣƴǵǿ󣺡ƴǣ᲻Ϊ£߻Ҫ˻飿뿪ң
ҲǳˣƴƿɫĴͳɤ
仰ﵹԵһǡ
ȷʵʳˡƴֿڵҴӦ㣬ȢˣҲ˵ͻûпˡ
ǣĺϲһ仰ƴǵɤ˵ĺᣬȴô顣һУҲΪӦǽθˡҲûҺ֮仹ټĿܡƴǻ૵˵šֻ뿪֮
ûڱκλˡ
ܴȼƬ֣ȴΪûпȼľ֮󣬻ƽϨ𣬹ƽ
˶Ϊⳡˣ˭뵽һ罫һ֮ٵһƬ֣ȻӶ
֮𣬶ֻǸɿݵľһһʰ
һֻ׿ڸ˵ϲԼ
ϲһ߻пҪϨĻٴαһ
ǵңҲϲҵʱû취֡ǣģ̫ˡ
ڸɽѩԭϵһɽѩɽˮҵȴͱϣҪժͱðΣա
ôߵɽ˼켸ҹĺ䣬Ϊҵɽѩ
£Ҳûһ˻ѡ׷İɣ
ֻֻ֮ʣһˣֻҪԽѿԽһǾͿһˡ
ôֻܻƴȫܶԵ֮ǰеĸŬŵݣƴ仰ɫһ±øӺ£еֲɵƬ̱𴽽ǣ˵ƴǣûϵġ
УֻһˡܹͻһҲΪ㿪ġֻϣԺ㲻Ҫ乬ﵽʱҲһسǡʱҺҵŮһͻһˡоǣǵĻҲƳ٣
ͻȾлġŬЦţԼЦݱøͨ
ͬʱȴҲǴôһ˿˿ᡣллңҲȷʵǷˡӦ鷴ȴʳˡԸһȥ͵ƴⱲǷһ顣ֻҪܸģҶ
㡣ԸһȥԺǾ͵ûз͵ժɽѩʱʧˤ¡
ΨһĻʺ󣬺ҲŮˡ
Ϊ׸˱ϣȴʧĸо
ʳһξ͹ˣеڶΣ
ƴ˵仰תƿ˳ȥ
վȴʱǱһ㣬һ¾͵ϣҲǲ֪ںʱ˿˿亹
Сû°ɣ߽Ѿ̶
ҡҡͷһƬʪ䣬¶ùǵ֪ͨҵǼ̳ܽ򡣡
Ϊʲô¶ǲʵѵۣǰ飬һŹСϼҼġʱܽƴѾ֪Һ֮ˡ֪ܱܽôŵˣһҸղ˵ĻˡҲ˵
Ȣˡȫһ⣬Դȴʮֵѡ
ƴһˣҲƭ֪֪ͨŵɱ۵Ļ
ƴǶǵͿǷûˡ
ҹɫŨأһ¸߹ա
ԭڴϵݷһ¾۾漴ó˷ͷ£˿ġǵѡ
û̵Ȼݷȴڵһʱ䷴Ӧ˳
Ǽϵźţڵص㣬ֻҪݹǵѷǿҵϵĵصˡ
ݷ̷˴ֻķȥ
ܽ滷ɽɽľһƬïܵУ͸¹ԼԼĿż涵Ӱ
죬СƴǾͻ뿪ˡôͻȻСǳܽ򣿡һͳȴһװͨ˵ǰǵ۵Ĺָأǰ飬ͲǼܶԸ˵ġʱһӱүүĵ˵ȴǷ
ĲԾȫûһĺĸо¶˵ƴѾۺĹϵˣǸ޵ϰֻʱĸߴһԽͳɤ֪⼸
˵ӡֻƴһ뿪ܽĻ۱ضҲֻһ뿪ƴڣǾͱȻܶ֡ԽͳֶһĨɱͽ
ҪԸһʮѵ飬˱㲻òС
ҪƴżΣ֪ʵ࣬ƱزӭȢС㡣СĹǡʱֻݷһԶɽУΪ˲ŵ˲ݷֻѨ

339 

ҪΣϴȥ̽书ʱĹﵽأָصĻ¾ǼˣԸۡһ͸ż

ǰĲܵȵ۹ָءڳûлָ䣬ɱõʱ
ɱ۹ȻҪСƴǡվ񶥶˵ˣٴεͳڡ
ֻһſڵϣǵĶԻһ
ݷҲʱɴˡ
ݷۣҴݷһ̿ʼһֱ׼ҪɱݷˣֻΪƴԲһֱûж֡
ǸɴֱɱֻˡҪƴĽֻسҲŻȥˣĻжֵĻˣʱһ
ֻ͵һ
ʵڵǾӦóֻܵʱɱġ˭֪ƴǾȻֻȻô飬һ˻ûһʮְյ˵š˵ʲôˡֻҲɱС˼ֹֻƴǻȥվϵˣڵ֮ڴӳ顣ھ
̳ܽƴǵ˷
վһƬĬ
Ϊʱ䱻סϢǻġݷֻʱݷֻܽ⿪סֻѨֻ뿪ˡ
ݷ㣬ԭۣ뿪ֻ̧֮ͷݷĲ˵
㵽ڻ벻֮𣿡
ݷĲȴһƬһĳţҲ֪Դںҡݷ㣬һʲôһǻԣ̽书ǲǣֻݷһʲô֪Ļ
ΪʲôҪƭŵԡ
ô֪Ż̸ġ
ʵ֪ƴˡݷ૵ĿڣȥƴԡͰʱΪڷƴǣͽ֡
ֻƳᶵһµɴƺ뵽ʲô
ǵҲ֮ǰǸġߵʱǵѵڵˣҡͳûĹǵѵˡ˵ݷóöǵѡ
öǵѴϺԼĲûʲô𣬵ǲʡ
ǵѵĲҲֻŲС
ֻվ壬Ŀݷ㣺ԣʵ֪ƴǻˣȴûиҵ𣿡ǣҡݷ˵⣬һ¾ͣ欣ɫҫ»ԽˣˣҡԭΪͻȻķ䣬
Ӧûᡭ㡣Ҳϲû뵽֪˭ˡ
ʵ˵ֻݷһʱ䳤ˣѾϰݷԼĺãԱҲݷһЩС
ֻɵӦҲݷʲô˼ˡԲҡֻǲ뿪㡣ݷתʹſʶ͵üۣһСһ㣺ҾһͬΡұһŮ
ǰǸŮ˵Ҫһ뿪ţһתͲˣֻʣһ˹վϣȻΧͻȻðɱ֡ҪɱңܶΣҶ뿴ǸŮʲôÿһҴĹ¶ͱ䣬ͺֻʣһ˰㡣ֱ뵽㣬Ҳ
Щůݷƿɫʪ˫˵ɤ͸¶һɱˡҾһֱߣҪÿ춼ܹ㡣û취ô˽ȥˡֵķĴݷϣϵ½ǣõ
ɤЩɳƺ飺ƴ߰ɣҪɱңҲû㣬߻㡣
˫ֻáһôıˣ˶ݡݷ㣬Ҳᶪһ˵ġһ·ңչңҡȥƴǣһߡŵ˲ƴǰ֡ݷδ
ͬ˵ʱһʮֵܣֻǣߣҵͲҪ˺𣿡
һ仰ֻ˵ĺᣬݷദһʱˣѾݷ㵱ԼˣԼĵܵܡݷĴǶ˶漴ëĵС㣬ҴģֻҪܹ߾ͺáֻ¡ŵʼնŹҡ
ŵԡҲɱġ
ƴֻʱİȫΣȴǴڵġΧֻϸȴ۽һĨ𣺡ŵ˼ɵƴǣԲûжǶ֡һףҲǺ
ģ
ǣȷڿȥ޿ƵҪƴǵĻҪɱ׾١
Ȼһ仰˵Ϊ٣Ϊ
ܽŵǿɱǸƴǻص˳ҪڶһëĻǾ췽ҹ̷
ƴǾٵĲܵõ󻯵ķӡԵȻ˳һúõı֮ǰ㱣ңȻ˳㣬Ҳŵ˺ġֻ𴽰һĨ˵Ц
һҾһ㣬ζ
ݷֻ͸⡣Ҳ𴽽һĨÿĻȡһЦһɽ軨ڴ껺һ㣬ôѤáˡ
һСľ˵ȥ
áݷ˵ͷ૵ȴôļᶨҲܵκ˺ġ
һᾡŪĹϵԼΪʲôҪɱ㡣ݷļָܻܿˣֻҪݷ֪Լ˭ʣµˡʵںʱһΣǸʱһةฮǸŮһѪȾ꣬ǸŮҾ˵ңҳΪ꣬ҺͿһˡҾˡܽ򿴵ƴǵʱǸξͻȻһ³ҵԺСΪǸ곤úƴһֻɬۣԶûͳڳݵĲݵϣݷɽȪˮĴĵʹһ㡣һעܹ
˴еĳ
ǸŮమϲƴǣȻ㡭ֻȵ˵šҲ֪ݷԾҡͷɤ͵ͳģԵʮֵʧ䣺Ļ˵仰ʱݷڴǵĨȣĹ𣬴Щ˿˿
ʹĻҾԻӦеĴ۵ġϲһ˺Ͳϲһ˶ȨȨȥ˺ںˡοΪܹ
ƴһ𣬶ƭһطñɱ㡣ֻ۽ĺľ
Щԭ񣬵ԭҲǱԴϹƭġԭҲϹûɱġ
ֻҪ뿪ѡ
ԭûҪϹƴǲϹȥƭôȻݷζĻһоͶԼΪ

340 һȥө

ݷƴǣ֮ȴϲƴǣΪ뿪ݷ㣬ͱݷ㣡
ǲϲ˵ĶǸ˵Ķ·أ
ʲôʽõƴǵģͱضʲôķʽʧȥƴǡ
ݷֻ˻ص޵ʱȴﾹȻһյƣԺŶŵġ߽ȥһ褵Ӱվ⣬ڴм䣬ƴһĨµҡĵӰ£ͻƵգϺõĻ
̳ɵһ㣬ʵϾȻ
ֻݷ㶼ʮ֣ôˣƴΪʲô
ȥ𣿡ֻ߽ƴǱȻתֻ
ҹŻΨһĽ;ɽȥˡ
Ѿþˡƴٴοڡ
ôˣô⣿һʼֻΪƴҲ֪ŵأƴô˵֪ƴֻǵĶѡ
ƴתֻһžĲ褿ջǰĺɻө档ұþ׽˼ֻ
֪ﵽܿө棬Ҳϡˡֻһ׽㿴
ĻܵȴһĨŨ׽өֻֻһڶѡ
ֻҪҲҪһ
漴ֻ㿴ƴԵϣһյװөĵյҫ£өССӰš
ֻ߹ȥ򿪵յө˳
өǺܴģǵֻ졣ڽǷںǻĸ졣ֻɤ˵
֪ˣԺ󲻻ˡƴɫˮ˫嵭ûκβ
漴޳˫ȳȥ
ҿөĻԴȥġֻֿ˵
ƴǵĽŲһͣס֣ɵĶ˶Ϊתͷֻķȥ뿴𣿡
ðֻ΢΢Ц˵ͷ
һЦ˲佫֮ŵĹϵһ¾ʹˣڷеҲɢ
ԭûбϣģҲΪֻѾ뿪Ĵ㣬ȴû뵽ȻԸһȥө档
ȥƴǵüۻһĨᡢĹ⡣ĴǶ΢΢𣬻ůĴк¡
¸߹ڿգɫɴϡ
Ĵϣ½ǡ
Խˮķ򿿽ԽĻ죬ʱʱмֻҫӨɫâө棬ڲݴӯķɹȥ
ֻǵһƴȥөʱڱɽׯƴǰߣںš
һȴǰߣƴںš
ΪطƴǵһҾûиߡȫֻ·ǰ·
ߵʮֵĻ
ƴͻȻʶֻĽŲͻȻӿʱƴǱһͣס˽Ųסֻ
Ұ㶪𣿡ֻһԴ
ûзеģʧȥκβƴǵļٺãû취ԭ·߻ȥ
ΪΪԼߵֱߣȻʵߵģ
Һ㣿ƴеäȣʵ
𣿡ֻ͸ϡĺҹٴοʵ
ƴäȵ֣˶һ㲻ȥһˡܹҺ޵ˣҲضҪɱˣ
ֻ仰Խ֮ǰƴǺ̴һζԻƳġ
ǵ뿪ʱؿͱһ޹𣿡ֻ֮£һ紵ϢԼԼһµӻζûСƴ쳣ᶨ˵ͱؿڵһ̵ֻף㲻ϲ¡Ҳһʱڰºһ㳤һģһϸ꣬ΪǸ㣬ζʮֵΪʵû뿪ֻһֱҿĵطѡǺ
֪ˣҲܻˡһˡһ뿪ˮһҲǴǸʱʼҲûйһУδҵһ㡣ҲǸʱҷ
еҽҰŵĻ£ҲӦ㣬Ǹʱ뷨ǸʱԭҸҾͺһȥݷӡҲ׵ŵΪһʧܣһŵĻҿ϶˵ĻǶŵҽԶû취֡ҲʧѹҲ
ڵôʱ䡣ҾȰߣʧˣҾͻߡҳɹˣǾԶһˡΪҰһиÿǵ鶼ǵˣΨû
ǹ뷨Ϫ߲͵Ƭҹɫ
˶ÿһȴֱļ䣬ûֻķĺһƬɬ˵ЩѾˡǳĹû취һǰ뿪һ˵ĻҲû취ջء
ǱҪȢġϲҶƴĻ￪ʼüѺҭ
ҲֻһȻڵ
ǵѡϳһ̿ʼҲгΡ
Ϊһ˶ˣҪΪңΪҵ롣
Դӷ֮һ·׷ɱңһصţõʱİȣϵҽĻҲʶ
ʶˣֻԼƽһ˿ɬʡǣǰҾʶˡ˵ҴҽΣչҡǸʱ˼˵ˡҶûи飬ǸʱѾһδ
ټҵ˼ȫڸϡұ˵ˡ˵ңҸ֮ڸһ𰸣֮ҾͳΪϹȻ㡣֪֪ʵҲŵˣ֪Һ֮һ顣ѡңҸ֮Ĵ𰸡ǸʱȴȻȻѡ뿪ҡǸʱҵҲˣҺ˭һνˡұѡϾǳĹ㲻
ҲƱҪӭȢһŮˡһسŵˣҾʹӦĻ֮Ӧòʲô¡ԣϣףôãҲӦ
ǡڳҵĶ᲻
ѹˣѹܹϳƳƴǺ̴֮ĶԻ
ԭôƴ֮һУƴ仰пԿƴǶǺεģƴǼµĻƴǻǸ𣿲ȻܹƭۣƴôΣ
϶һֶκĻ
Ҳû֤֤ġǵʱҧһڣҪռƴǣõˮô죿
Ľܲ˵Ļ߰ɣƴǵãûֻɤɳƵĵƴǣҾվʮ֮ǰĻҾ͸ȥֻ뵽⣬͸Өɤǳ繵˵

341 

ֻҲƴ𣬱վʵƴǵľ벢Զǻͨˣ϶׾ٵߵǰ
ƴֻͨµķλȻһ·
һ

ֻڶʱԭվԭδƴȴһ¾Ծֻǰһֱ㽫§뻳С
һƴǴģԵߴ˿˿ջаȡ
һֻó˵Сèһ㣬ֻ߻Цš
һȥһ䲻ʾ䣬ǿ϶䡣
ƴǷɵԼǰʱֻĵһӦǾȻֲ
ôˣƴǻṦֻҪȷķλΧûκ赲ĻͿֱӷԾġ
Ҳûƴǿ˷ܹʮ֮ǰֻҪƴΪܹǰŬ͹ˡ
˭֪ƴǾȻô죡
㣬߹ġֻһǰƴǣǴ˿̵ƴô׵ķء
û˵ߵģֻ˵ʮ֮ǰˡֻҪƴǰ͵Ǹܵġ
һһ˵ģǼǵʮ
ǰˣǲҪǰһȥƴ޳§ֻϸ֫޵ĴţϢζ
ƴǾôĲʵ
ʲô˼ѲҪ뿪ܽ򣿡ֻͷűɫһƴǣ뿴ȥƴ֡
뿪ܽ춼СҪһؿջƴǵͳɤ˵š
ָо˼죬гԵһ
ֻò״ӦسȻʮֵļ˷ܣȻҲһ̲ĺһ
ǲǷˡֻһ⣬̽ǰƴƿɫЩ΢졣
ǲŸպͺãƴǲе̫żˡһسҲǻأһؿջҲǻ𣿶ҪһΪʲôǲһ𣿡ƴǵĿУֻŮˡ
ȻѡȥǲǴҪ߽ģԶڳȥ𣿡˵Ҫȥǡҵûͬأֻƴǲͷʹ͸ϵһܵɣĸ¸ϵͽ
ģ
ֱֻӽˡةͬġƴֻֽУɤͳƶһؿջҪžܼ㡣ֻҪ֪ͺһ˯ڿջҾͻ
İġǻޣҾܾãȵڶͻᷴڡ
ˣƴǲҪ˯һŴϣҪסڿջ
ҼȻӦˣҾͲᷴˡ޺Ϳջôʱҡֻɫ΢΢ĺţ˼벻ˡ
Ӧҵ飬ĴûзڹƴǵʹͷֻĶͷʵÿ㶼ȸһЩͷȻͷҲص뿪ҡҲǡ
ƴȵϢɢıϢǰǰŵһɵī㣬ŵһ嵭Ĳζ
ĲᡣҷģҪҷڡҾСֻĿᶨ˵
֮ǰӦҪӵģںأȻƴǸֻ˵Ļ
ϲ˵ϲĻȴһ¶
ѹûҪ
ΣġĻȥᷴڵġֻСƴǵĶš
ѲƴǰѾûκοŶ
ƴṴ˹Цã㡣ҲҪ㣬ҷڵĻҾͰȥҲӣ
Ҳӣֻ˵ͷϸļᶨƴ˳ƱֻֽԼĻУĵķ紵˵ϣˬڰɢڿµӻһ繵
ɢ
ݷȥʲôطˣΪʲôôŻƴرܰ۵һ̣ȴ̲סʳԼеʡ
ֻתһ¡ûǵ֤֮ڸƴǡ
Ͼ£ֲ˽⡣
Ҫ뿪ܽҵȻҪЩصӡ鱦ڳˡֻһȽ˵Ľڡ
ϾȷʵԺһЩӡ
ҪҪȥڣƴɫʪ˫ȵϢ籡ֻ۵ϡ
ֻĻûɡ
ãҲû١ֻģԽĽԴƴǵˣϸ˵š
һƴ紵ֻ߹յ˿޵Ĵƴ̺Ĵ꣬ƴԭ˿ģȴ׵ֻ۰𪻹ȾһƬ糺ա
ֻһŨҵհ㲻ɵĳԱ߲˲
ƴǵĴֻỮģֵĸоƴΪĶ
ڴߵĻһ¼ֻע⣬˼ڡ
ֻҪܵʱֱֻ֣סֻաһ¾ߪȡĴꡣ
Ĵġġģֻ鲻ԽߪȡԽһٳȥ÷֡
ֻֻԽḶ́ƴսһֻϵ֣˵Խ·ҪǶһ㡣
˵ŮںԼϲһʱ͸ˮһ
˿ƴǵĶʮֵʱһ̲ˮһ㡣
ء˺ԽԽصʱֻȴһƿǰƴǣСˡ
ǸֻܹʵʵֻӵأƴȻͿʼ
񡭡øˡƴǴǺЦضȵĺƬֻϣɤɳƵ˵
Ҫȥˡֻƴôһ˵ɫһ죬תҪߡ
һƴǼֻҪߣȻǲãֱӾʹסֻԴֻļϡ
춼ҪˣҪȥ˯ˡֻɫƺӦĵ˰ɡ˵ŴһǷ
ƴǱֻû˵Ҫ˯ʲôʱѣ
ôˣֻԱ㿿ƴǵϣʡ˲
ȥ㰡ȥûѣȥˣһڣ϶ҪߡƴǵĿǺ
ǲ˻ϾͺУһ춼û¸ɣǰƴаʱֻҪӿڷ˻ˣˡ
ǰе㶼ҴˡƴſֻߣеԻûɢ
н㣿׽㣿ֻüζƴᵽ㣬û˵ƴһ㰡ţ˫̥㣡ƴǵ˵ͷһֱһš˵˲ǰèܹ̥Ҫ˭һ߸ĺӣӾͿ϶ֻĺӶҸĸΪ˱סҺͽ㣬ͽҽ͵͵ͳ˹⣬ܶ˶֪н顣

342 㻹ʲô

ǳôôֵĹأֻֻ⽨˼Ǻ˰ôͲ̥ˣǶˣϲ°еİ̥
أ
ֻƴǿһ£һ뵽ǣһЩϵ֪ʶҪȥƴǽͣ˲;ûˡ֪⽨˼ڳѾãһһϦܸıġҵǻĵһ¾Ĵж̥Ǽ顢֮סڵȵʱ֮ʱ䲼ȥ˶̥ŮԽ͡ƴȻҲ֪ЩǷ⽨˼룬ֻŵǻһֱ꣬Ӱ䲼ĻҲƶ
١
ҪĻҪıյ˼롣
˹һ̥ͬ飬ɵĻ
ᱻĵˣץס飬˵˾Ϊ̥ԲŻᵼ¹䷢ԼĸĸԼߵѡ
һʱļ
ֻ˵ͷϾӣ鶼ȫ档
ǲǺһ̸ߣһʮֵĺÿƴǼȻɣΪ̥ƴǽ㣬һһӡ
šƴǵ˵ͷǱҽ۸ģǶֻǶӣȲ
㲻Ǳͳ𣿡ֻȴǺʵšƴǳһ£ЩԸ˵ҽֻǱͳܸѣ˵ҸʺĸҪŮˡСʱ岻̫ãȻĸ׾
˻ᣬ˵ȥΪʵǴȥҽˡ
ҽ˼֮ͺúܶˣҲˡƴŴЩ˼Ц֮ŨŨ飬Լϲ
ǲǺװ͸ִŮһֻЦʵ
ҽԸȽҸףұȽĸסƴǲûֱ˵ײס
򵥵˵ԸȽкӣԸƫᡣ
𣿡ƴǶʮˣͬģҲʮˣڹŴǺӶܴˡ
ôͻȻҽôȤƴֻĶЦʵҪǺĻ㸸ףҾʹȥ̥ǰֻӻ߼ʱ䡣־øʢҵȻͺʲôˡҪȻҪ˼ҵϱ
ȻҪ˽һļͥˡ
ҪƴǵĽѶԸƴʮĻȻҪˣ
йҽ̫ˣһ˵Ҫһȥһ˵ƴ§ֻϸۣ֫Щ˵
ҲŲҪֻǿƴֻ֣ͳǰȥ
ʱɫѾ΢΢ˣѵҲվͷʼߴߴĳ
С㣬ӻϢ̴Ӽ˵
Щ֣϶Ҫ緹ʱˣƴȴȻϢ
ûϢ𣿡ɻʵ
һƴ֮ţ
վ̴Ӳ֪Ҫλشԥʱ
յķű㡰֨ѽһˣŷ죬һϮµƴǱվǰʵĶɣЩҪͬ˵
һƬȺɻˣôʱƴǿɴδķ䡣ȥƴǵɫһĨࡣ
ӣôˣдһĨǣڲ²ƴǲ֪Щʲô߽֮󣬱ڵ
ûҪҪðĶĵĴӴοյĴ̨ǰƴͦζŵվǰ׼˵Ѿȫˣǲ֪ΪεȴֿڵĶѾĲˡͦϲ¥ɫġ롭һ»ķ
·
Խ˵ҲԽϸСȥɬ֪ƴ㡭ϲϲ
ƴ˵»飬Ŵ΢һ¡
ϲҾþȥʦɡƴ˼֮󣬱˵һʮֵĸˣãֻǼȻ»õķ壬ǷʽȻҪرơã벻֪ƴܲܰƳһԷأ
Ƴһܺÿ
ƴ΢΢򴽣ڵصĴ˵ŮڵȴԼ˵һԷ͸͵˵Ķ
ûʲô̴ȥưɣƴɤ͸һĨ롣
ŵЩʧ䣬ǽֵƴǵʱһȥʦòãһܹˡ
ƴǴֶ˶űá
仰üЦݣƴ㲻лҪ˵ʲô
ѾӦһسˡƴĿڡ
ǵЦϵѪҺҲһıͺ׹뵽ǧıСȻ֮ŬǵһĨЦݣǺܺðƴҪ飬Ҫҡѻʺλó𣿿ԵġֻҪܹ߾ͺãǸ
Ҳ֪ˡ
ƴǿǹ˵Ҳ֪ѹġ
ȻǻʺǵĻҲ䡣ƴȴǿڵ˵ԸһȥⱲӱǷһ飬ֻҪܸҶ㡣
ǰָᳶ˼еƴǣѾ֪ˡҲǷʲôԸġϸ૵˵ţʮֵֿû뿪ĻҲӭȢ
ҡһҪһߵĻء
̬ԽƴǱ㲻֪ĻҪοڡ
Ǻαأ֪ҵ壬ֻ֪ԻһиоΪʲôҪ޸ңǷأƴ˫̲סڵ
ûֻ֮ǰŮ֮£úƽһԼһ˶ûκεӰ졣
Ǿ֮ŷ֣͸߲˵ͻȻһմ˻һ㣬ǻϲָоġ
̴˵аʱ䣬ϵĶؾŸɾҿԵ㰡΢Ц˵
꣬мꣿ
Сʱ򿴵ĺǳԣ᲻Ľƴȴʳôһ仰
ǣƴӦҵģ㲻ᡭ
ǣҴӦҲᷴڡֻԭԹøҸģαƴΪ롣
͸һĸӣĸ׸ƫһһ
һĿ϶ܣ
˵ãǸǿ
澫µĴüʹţĽһ͸¶ҾܺһҸˡ
ˣƴѾûȰ˵ıҪˣ̾һã뷨;ǡƴ㻹ĻҪ˵𣿡ŬЦţĵɬ˼£ŬŴǣ۽ǵˮ

343 ǰ

ûˡԭƴǻҪ˵ģȴôҲ˵ˡ
ǡƴʲôʱȥ壿ȴ֮ǰûзһ㣬ѯƴǡ
ɣƴ˵
¶߽ݣͭǰЩʧС㣬ոչӳȥˣӦȥˡ
仰̧ͭеԼͭеѩף¡ʹϵš
һ˯ϰߵģʹаϸ۵ָһ̵ӦҲȥޣ
䲻ʲôɫŮɫȴҲеƫϵġ
Ȼ֪ƴǲһӰɫƤҵˡ֮ԻôϲֻŲ
ֻΪֻܹᵽ˵Ŀֶѡ
Ů˶ܸģ¶̾һһ£ʵ̲˵С㣬ͲӦùܽġǲӺֻͲˣҲͲк
ˡֵľǸֻˣ֮ǰƴҪ뿪ӡ֪ӵʵݣֿ˹ӵʵòΪܺ͹һԭúõҲ
ҶԸ⡣
ǻʺƴǵޣֻֻ檣ĵĴӿһɫЩˣ֮ǰֻΪ˺ͽһ𣬶ϹǸʱĽڸ涼Ϲ㡣˭
֪ôѡοǰƴǣ
ôǳԵĵū澶ˡΪʲôӾͿף¶ǲʵδؿףֻڹУЩͲҪֻ֮ǰǰƵģƴҲǷᱳѺƭ˭ֻһֻܹ
ƴиоˡ
ҪƴϵĶŸɾˣָˡ
ƴǻôϲںֻ𣿡ֻŹһȥʱϡҲһŻȥ֮ǰĻС㣬Σյġ¶ⵣǵ˵
ŵҲֻܽѡ·϶ˣĻصûˡ
оǣСֻܹŹӻȥĻˡ
һ˵ۣ㲻ɵüͷ
ǰĻǲŹԼġ
ŵɫвһŨصĵǡ
ֻǱߴߴѵġһѾˡ
ƴ˯ϰߣӦû
˱ֱ۾ͷۣһ˯ʵ߳˷šС㣬ôУˣ㶼ҰǸߡֻţ˯ѵĿſϣ۾ţһû˯ѵ

Ǹ˯ѵŴŴģﺬһԲ㣬ʮֵˣɰ
ֻ仰˵꣬ԭڳֵһ¾ͰԲʱ㻹˯ҾȡһҾˣҾһЩʳڵϣ˲ٵǵĽƴ
ѭֻ
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Ϊ·û߹äߵʮֵСġ
û˯𣿡ֻʵֿ֮һԺӡ
ƴǣûˡ
ûУ㣬Ҳ˯һˡ˯Ҳ˯ˡƴѭֻߵֻԡ
ǲǻҪǻĻȥ˯ɣҲˡƴվɫѩϣһϺõĻȻֻҡҡͷΪո˯ѵԵʣ廹ûжƴ߹˳ƽԼԴƴǵļϣҲҲһѹ
ƴǵϡ
ССıƴѵ顣
С㲻ڼ𣿡ֻƴǵĻš
ڣںԺ֪ʲô˵ݷ㣬ƴǴǲṴ˹Щεôãһ಻ݷ㵹еҵСˡ
ʱݷھϴˣк֮ݷȥˡ
ƺ
ʲôСӣֻһʱûзӦû˵ϵõĽܣҪˣܾܵʮֵĻŽ㣬ҺܲԼ򡣡ƴǽֻڻУ͵͵˵ڵݷ񰡣

˭֮ǰӳ񲻺á֪۸ҡȻ㲻ʲô̬ˡֻһǷϵĲ㣬òƻһҩݵζ
ƴǸʶʱֻȷʵǺܺã׷ȴ̵֡
ҲǶʱݷӴֱֻ࣬Ϊ滨ʱݷҲֻˡ
ȻҲͿֻĺˡ
Ҫ֪Ժһôϲ㣬Ǹʱĸ㡣ƴǵͷζ˵
ǰЩ飬˵˭˭
ֻ˵һ˵ıֶѡ
ϹݣŰ׷ɱ˵ϹɹһҪء
֪Ϲе飬֪һŮƭѣΪ˻ɥʧ
Ȼܲܣֻ̬ȵȻҲá
ԭصѾҪֻһѵڽвù
˭֪յͺֻ顭
붼顣
ȻϲԭֻˡԣˣеʱǹҡǴҸӪ͹øɴҰӵģԲԣƾԲһЩ
ǰ
ƴ˼תƻӶҷм㶹رóԣһȥԺòã
ֻһŤͷ
ҪȥƴǼֻֻǰ飬ˣ̵ĺֻ
ֻ˾ͣ͵ǵһˣ
ƴʮ壬׼ǻġ
ֱڴϣü춼²
ƴЦţ˳Ʊ㽫ֻԽˣҲȾôһĨǡ֮ǰҵķ¿ˮ
԰ֻ˵
ô᣿˵´βҪ˷ˡֱӸҾͺƴɤЦ˵
ôôᡣֻɫһ죬㽫ǰƴǸƿˡ
ǰôûƴ˵ô飿ȥϴ°ɣɽȥһҲ÷̶ƵȻȥ㰮Եĳƴֻֽص˻УһƴǱ
ֻûͷ˵
ô֪ϲԶڻǵĲ÷̶·ƴǲ˵£ˡ
ƴŴֻЦȴҲشֻ⡣ǲ˴֮е飿ֻϵЦݡһ¶˸ھӴһй飬еˡ

344 ڵ

ڻǲ÷̶·ô˽鶼֪
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С˵ģҲ԰ݷƴ˵¡
Ҳǡƴٴҡҡͷ
Ѳܽˣһֱ͵͵۲أֻ˵Ҳ˱仯
ҪĻƴǶľıѾˡ
ûУһμ棬Ҹյܽĵڶ졣ʱҲֻˣû̫࣬²֪Ҫôֻˡô֪һҲ÷̶·ѲȥǼҲ÷̣ǼҲ÷̵ϰ˵ģֻʵ֮ԻϲƴǣҪ
һǣƴǲһɶʵĸ
ƴ򴽣̶ԥһ±ʵҶҽסҸģȻ֪һЩġ
ֻشһ£㶮
òִѾΪרõˡ
˵ֶоˡšƴһͷҽסĵطһСûʲôˡȴкܶ಻ͬû棬ҾֻúЩС档ЩСҲͦϲҵ
ͽ˵ˡ
ƴ˵ֻ꣬һʮ𾪵ƴǡʵ˵Щ£츳ˣֻС˵͵Ͽ
ʵдû
ƴ˵Ĳòһֿһ۹⿴ƴǡ
ܾЩ಻һ
֪ңһšҸҸʺĸ˵ʱҲšΪСḻƴǲɵ䴽ǡ
ֻȻ𾪵ƴǣŰɵʵ˵ģղЩ鶼ǴסҼҸġšƴ۾ȻֻܹܵеĲţֻΪҵһɶѣ˵ĶġҲȷʵ
֪һʲôȫ֮ǰ˼
ҡֻǸ˽һƴּһ䣬ԶɽüĿ
ֻƴӣѵӡĻҲԼϲһЩȤġ
ҼҸСô˵ģֻɵ̧ͷ˿εգʱѾӰšƴٴε˵ͷʵ㲻֪ЩʵҲϲֵġϢʱ򣬾ͻվϻ֦Ͽ֣һ˵ԼС

ֻƴ˵ģģ㲻ɺʵЩ˵ʲô
šƴ΢һ£ϾǸһĨɫԵЩȴôˣЦӻҪˡƴǵͷֻĶߵȥסܵС˵죬ȣԼһʲôӾµ·ȥһ̱ȽٵĺӱӾ
ĲϺҲ̣ܶװ׵ֱۺʹȫ¶ˡ
ֻƴû˵ˣĶ
𣿡ֻֽʵ⽨ᣬǼӾ£Ƿǳ˷绯ģƴǵ鵹ûʲô仯˵ƴǵѹһЩȵֱ籡ֻϣǿƤűóԼһǶֻǽҪĲסȻһϴɹںԺĶǶˣΪǱߵġڶȥ·ʱֶǶֲˣֱˡͺݷں
Ժ˭͵ġǸڼҵСӡ
СӾ֣۾ʮֵƴ˵ʱЦ⡣
ֻļһΣһȾ֬İһ㡣ɵĽƴǼϵԴˡǲһģȻҲܰԣǴͼӴסƴǼֻӦ֪ЩĶʵˣ

Щôô᣿ԭߴߴĽУ˵԰ֻҧŴС˵š
Ǳƴ֪ԼСһ㡣
ȻЩأִԼ֪ûʲô
Եһˣһڷ⽨ᣬδӴִĹˡ
ָоȻͲһˡ
㡭ǲǺܽӣڹ˵Ƿŵ˷绯
ټһǰȻͺ뵽һŮˡ
ƴ§ֻʵֽ˽㴩һ۵õʱҾ֪һغ뷨ŮӣǻҶĿһ¡ȷʵܽ⡭
ֻɫ΢˱䣬̧ͷƴǽĻ
ֻϣǸӵ㣬ֻܱһ˿õڶ˿Ǹӣƴ˵Լ뷨
᲻֡˷绯Ůˣֻ̧ͷǰƴǡ
ƴȴṴ˹Ҫôûڿ㴩۵õʱҾͲôƴ뽫ˡʵ֪ҴϹ˽⵽ĵε֮ĿеӡԼһɫŮˡǺദһʱ֮Ҿͷ֣еȫһƴ˵Լ뷨ڳϵǶʱ䣬ҵìܡãȴֲҶãǣ
ÿʱҾ͹ġ۸㣬ʵܻϲġ
ìܵһֱ滨ʱ򣬲Ž
ǰ۸ǺԼϲԴǸ뷨
ƴôһ˵ƴΪʲôǶʱ䣬粻˼׽͸ˡ
ǰһ뻹ϸһ;סһС¹
ǸʱڻƴǲǾѡ
סֻֻ˵֡ƴ·̡
͸һŮ֪к֮ǰһӣƭŮӣȴ־ǰкӺͱ˵ǸкӲһ
Ǳм䲻ϵԥšֱǴңΪҪԼף¶Լľġ仰ҲƴǱֻϣǸʱеϲģ
ǣȴˡ
ֻ˾ͣҪܹһø̹Ļ֮Ͳʧôˡ
ǻһˣ
ݷվ£ſڵ۶Ҹ§һĵҫ£ǾЩۡ
漴սԼ֣ת뿪
н⿪¶һͬǾǲϵĻǰ飬ȻöԷ֪Լʱе뷨
˫ĸŨһ֡
ˣ˵ǰˡ˵˵ڵİɣֻƴǵĻУ͸϶ݷת뿪ıӰһ±뵽¡ǲһص֮Ҫκദƴֱѿڶڰ֮ĸҾˡ

345 

ǡûи˵ҵ飿ֻҡҡͷϾδޡ
ҽ͸˵ˡƴǵ˵ͷ֪֮顣дЩΣȰǡ
ͻȻе׵㱻Ϲϲĸоˡ
ô˵ģֻš
ƴ¶һĨЦ˵֪ҵֻ߲һŮˣҲ׼
ϲңҲҺܾá
ֻҲµ˼ˣֻҪ߾ͺ𣿡
ƴֵӣⱲӺֻ޸һˡ
ٴ֮ǰ˵ȵָ
һѹɣֻƴô˵ɵ˵ڵ
šϲһϲˣһѹ顣ƴ˵ͷͻȻ㵱˵ĻĺеȻֻ˲а飬ֻҪϲٺöûáΪ˺ܶ࣬ĳ˸м֮⣬û
ĸ顣
ܺãֻڱĴƴ֪һЩϢˡšǲܽ۾ġһڣ˵һʧٵĸ磬ܽȥǿǸʱţԺҺ
Ƿˡ˫ҪΪԷ롣Ϊ룬ҵȻҲҪΪһҾˡƴ˵ŵʱ뷨
ûȻֻܽ˾Ȼܹ̻¶һ
ʧٵĸ磿Ҳܽ
ڶݷܷϣݷ֮ǰܽѲݷĸ磿
ҲϣѪԵϵĿòͦġ
ֻ۾ϸϸš
ͻȻһ¾ʹݷ֮ǰϢ׽˹ؼϲ
ݷ˵ǸŮø˵ƴǴΪƴǣǾͿһˡ
ΪʲôҪأ
ѲۺãΪԲһ
ֻн˵ݣſԹһ
뵽ֻʲô
ҿȥ𣿡漴ֻڵϾδޡ
áƴǵ˵ͷȷʵҲӦüһˣ죬ҴӦҪȥڻõķ塣ʱһȥɡҲһڻõķ壿
ֻ̧ͷƴǣ롣ȴҡҡͷˣͽɣ÷·СȥúˣҲܡ
áƴǵ˵ͷ
ֵֻ档
ں̴ŷʽƣȻҲƴϲĿʽһ·һӾ˵ʲôԼص㡣빫Ӧúϲɣ̴֪֪֪ʲôʺ»鵱ķ壿
ţ֮ǶƴǵĽСϸģЩϸڶע⵽ˡ̴ɵ˵ȷʵͦϲģǴûΪڹյģ
ӦɵģӦñһССĽ˿﹩˹͡Ҫ˵ûʺ»õʽĻϷͲ̫ˡϾϷҲûʲôоϷ˵ϷΨһ뵽ʺ»õĻӦ
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Żʵ̴䣬˵С㣬СҲܺáǾöСЩǸԲҪС˵
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ֻܴż򵥵ķΣȴȻڵסˮòԼȵˣ羰ܽ򣬵һˮܽص
ĺƯվŵĽ;ޡ
ֻ飬һ˿⣬ȷʵǺڿ佱Ľһ㡣
ڹǲƤСʿɱҳڶˡȻԷЦӭֻȻҲ¶һĨƵЦԵĿ޵
ϾҪƯԵЩˡ
Ĳŷֵ˺ֵкܴġ
һ۾ܿ
ЦЦֻ֪СϲϲȾɽ룬ҴӾġݲղãϣС㲻Ҫ
С㲻ôֻԸһ裬ǶԴѰѺáһ⡣ЦЦԼҲһ֮󣬱Ҳһֿ˵Ҿ֪ǷŲġһ鷿Уÿ춼Լæ
µȻϴû㣬ҲƺĽˡǣ֪һģе鶼ǵģԼ۾ں͵ʶĹһһǸʱŹҺޣǸʱҲϲŭֵġ֮һûˣ
һûѪûһӵĹӣҿеܡҺܶζùȥһˣǰʶǸ񡢰õҲܻˡĿ
͡µҲһ˿㽣Цĺܺ
ԣܹصӵҲá
ֻǰ״ɱзɫĲˮ˵꣬ԾɴЦȻȴǴʹġ
һְõʹ
㲻𣿡ֻɫʪ˫˵ҲصƴߵĻһ˵ġһˣԭӦӵеĶˣ
ְôܲأ˵ţӨ˫ʼʪΪʲôҪ֣ҲǹΪʲôùôϲ㣡֪ص֮󣬴ӴԺӵֻ㡣Ӷľκ͸мҶĸ顣ҲԶԴԴҡ
ҹҹ§˯Ƕȴӵݳ޵ġԽ˵еҲԽࡣ۽ҲԽʪ
ǣô죿˭ùϲǸ˲أ
ֻӣǷˡ۲ΪۣһΪòõۡС㣬ͲŻҲһȱ׷ߡҲƴ˲㣬ΪʲôҪֻô˵Ųյָɽ˽

Խ˵ԽǾһߣƻ˱˵ĸ顣С㣬㲻ҪȰˡ֪ĺܶࡣҲҪƴǵŮˡĺϲƴǣƴһĻҾˡѾˣڹҾҪ޸ˡʱ˳Ө˸貵⣬ȴôļᶨ

346 Ҳ˼

Ҳ˼ֻ˵ԼȰһϲ˺ʹ࣬ΪʲôֵĻԵЩͱˣݲˡʵҪ˵Բģѡ뿪ƴǵģ֪㣬ȴֻˡȻദʮֵĺã
Ҳֳһᡢӡ
֪һˣǶõԸ񣬶ܱġ
ȻѺõ̬ȶԴȻҲҪֵʮѺá
ֻǸκͱǸ˵š
ֻô˵ܵ΢Щ⡣֪ܲãҲ˺ܶҺƴ֮ǰĽѾ⿪ˡҾⱲӿܶƴһԸϵˣҳҪ˵Բ֮⣬ҲѯġϾƴڵδޣ㲻ҸƴǻȥĻҾֻ¶˾
һ㣬ȻϵһЩԸͲʣȴ˵ļΪ档
ʮֵľˣһ˫˫ǲŵĿֻСʲô˼ҵ˼ǣȻƴǵδޣͺƴһģȻһȥҲҪͬġҡͷҾͻƴ˵س
ֻȻᣬеĨܵȴʮֵĳء
¶˾һ㡣
ֻһ˫ŵ۾þõĿֻǲûֻ˵仰һ㡣һֱã𴽽ǵһĨЦҸղŲѾ˵𣿹ϲ㣬ֻصߣҲܹǰʶǸ󣬷
ŵĹӡҼûг֣ǹҲϲңԴҲԶԴش˵ĺ壬ϵ˼ͬ¡
ȴûֱ˵
Խô˵ֻ֪Խ򵥣ص̡
ǰѧٻеõģĻϵӦһֺ֡
ȴȻƽƵ˵
Ǿ˵ڱԽǶãľжߺޡ񡣡ԡ˵Ҫֻܹû취ùӶϲҪǣڹӵǶһ޶޿ġ˵仰ʱ۾ֱ
ʮֵζ
ǰƴǵֻֻһиоֻһŮֻҪܹƴ鵽Ϊ˵Ŀ֣ƴҲǷŲֻġ
ɩ͸˵һŮ֮֮󣬾͸˶һ
ԲŻôһ䣬ɫͷһѵ
ƴϾҲǸˣҲ⡣
ֻж㣬жŻԶȲֻǵ㡣
ƴǵûлָ֮ǰֻ֮ûκξġ
ֻô˵׵ʹüۣ۽ǵһ¾Ʋ˷ϵͼֽ
ԼԿԧĳΡ
ǡֻƴǸոո˵ģ˵Ҫһ»õķ壬¾ǷͼˡŶ̴ƵķͼһֻԴĵҾõصķԼ˵ܶұһԷ壬Һ͹
ӵĻϡҲ˵һȥ
Ŷԧɣò˵˵ļҪˣƴ˵ȥģͺƴһԣԧ졣ƴϲԧԢʮֵĺãұ̴һ¡¶΢΢Ц⣬ֽԧĳƺʮֵϲ
֪Ƴô
ֻЦһ£ԧǳ˫ɶԵ˼۵Ķܻһԧ졣
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ԧȷʵǳ˫ɶԵģҲӦϣƴҲϲҾԧ첻̫ʡ
ΪʲôʵΪԧԧ콻֮󣬾ͻᶪ´ԧһ˸ӣȻȥĴԧ콻䣿ֻί˵ţƴǸ˵
оƴѾҲ֪ԧϰԵġ
ֻô˵ɫ˱䣺𣿡ǣΪֻԧǳ˫ɶԵĳ֣ԱΪԧǱȽһࡣʵϲԧܻĵģԧһУԧͶ´ԧͺӣʲôܡȻȥҴԧ콻䣡ֻ˵ͷӶ˶û˼ҼǰƴǵϲƵģ
Ҫƴ֪ˣƴӦû᲻ĵġŵٴα˱䣬űһüͷҧ̺˫ԭҪǲ˵Ҷ֪֮ǰҺܶĹѣϲ˭һ
ԧȴ֪ԧǡ
Ϊ˫ɶԵԧ챻˹Ϊ֪ȻȻľʹĳ͸ˣҲ˵ʲôˣؼƴǣֻϿҵ˵šллСѡҪȻҾҪڹǰЦˡֽϵͼ¶һĨܵ飬漴мĶֻ˵֪
ʲô˼ȴҲ˵
ĻͲһˡЩɬ˵һ䡣
ֻҲټȥˣĿĲ̽
˵ŵˣҪ취ֹƴǻȥҪʲôķֹȥҪѡһԢõͼйĻȥƴǰһ֪ġֻʮֿ˵ĲҸƴǻسĻ
ֱ˵ġһƴ˵ģġͬҸƴǻȥĻǴӴԺǺýˡ
ֻ˵һ仰ʱ𴽽ǣ¶һĨЦݣµ֬Ĵɢһ㣬Ŀˡ
·һСľܹ˳ȾκʵЦС
һ˫ںڵ˫תһ£漴ã
ǰͬҸƴǻȥĻÿҪϦദǲǽ𣿡ֻ˵ͷϸ˵
ԵʮֵȻԡ
ԡһ¾ͷӦ˹˵ͷϴЦ⣬ɫȴԵЩȻ
ƴվ̨ϣůҫϣܴӱȥһƬãϸһȴɫͶǴһ˿Ͳ
ӣȰɡȻСѾͬȥˣξͲᷴˡ̴һ۾ͽ˿ƴǵǵ鿴ο
֪ܾûôˬĴӦһسܾЩԾƴʵ˵Լĸܡ
ֻ˽ģӲԵġԸҲܰЩԸҪԸ˷

347 

ȻҲ֮飬ǲô֮ʼնǸһġ
ֻദõĻǹֻӣ»ٴ뿪
ӣĶˡ̴Ȱ
ƴǽ˽֣һ£֪жϲң֪ϲжʱͻȻˡ
̴ҲĵģϾƴǵֻֻƴδ޵»صƴǵߣȷʵЩʡ
ҪִֻһЩƴǵĳϲĻƿܻĹⲻȥ
Ӷѡ
ӣһأֻҪͨˣͻûˡ̴򾡹˵ȴҲú
ҪֻǵϲƴǣԸƢгǸĻֻӣ϶ǻ׵ġ
ƫƫԸʮֵĺáйŵ˵ϣҲܴ
ֻƫƫ֣㾴һߣҾһɵˡ
ֻԽ֪ԸжãԽײһָС
ƴȴһԶɽüĿһ£һĴҲš
Ȼֻȥʱ䲢Ƕڵƴ˵ÿÿ붼һּ尾
Ȼûһֻ˱˵Ц˳
˵ĹϵȥʮֵܣǶ겻ĺһ㡣
С㡢С㣬ƺദĺ졣̴򿴵ֻ߹վ˵
ƴֻ˵ĽŲʱ򣬱תŴû˵ȴԱЩֱ
һֱ˻ƴǲŶֻ˵ķڵĵô
ܺðС˺ܺáֻǰƴ˵
СҲҲɤ˵ţ߷ŵЦ⡣
̴ֻ˶Ŀһۣ϶¶ı飬ûʲô죬ӵʱʮֵȻ
ĵҲԵһʮֵҡ
͵¡ȣֻ뷨ܹƽպƴǵİ϶رġ
̴жˣѾʼ룬ֻһڣһƴһóøΪǿ󣬷ʢ
ƴǴ˵Ҳóƺܺ͵ûзղĵ顣
ԭŵļҲķ
ǡܻϲԷͺáƴһʱҲ֪˵ʲôֻһ޴ʯͷˡ
̴֪ƴһʱ򣬾ʹ˼ܽţ˱㿴ɫҿɫҲˣҪСһԶٷɣ
ð̵ͷպѧһصĲˣûСҳô
ֻȴûм˵ɫҲŰѣԷȽڿʼࡣ
οողų緹Ҳûʲôʳ
ôǫ˵ˣҪǾܾҲáãﻹȥƵĲ˺ƵľƣʱҲǴߵģҲ˷ˣҾ͵ȥЩʳĺ;ƶɣֻЦ
˵ͬʱӻڲͣתտᣬһ֡
ƴǺ̴˽ǳĬһ£ȻֻһԶٷȻڽ˵һδĴ顣
ֻô˵˶ĻûˣһЩøĻҲͲ˵ˡ
áƴ򴽵˵ͷǾͺá
ôһԺտȾƣرȤġֻĿ⿴ЩСȸԾ
áҲͦȤġͷŵһĺ档жҫżָˡ
Ȼȥ׼ˡֻ˵꣬׼뿪ƴǵ嶯˶Բϣֻ뿪߻ʲôҪֻ˵
մַ֣
״ֻҴѾȥæɣܵӦæġ
ðֻҪľ仰ô˵ȻȻĵ˵ͷһڴӡ
Ҳֻǿ˵һ£û뵽ֻȻһڴӦ
ֻЦſ˿Լϵȹȥ·ȥ
áֻɤӦ̴֮ƴǴкֱת뿪ˡ
ƴǶ˶촽ҪסֻģҲǴȥæģ뵽Լ۾ʲôæﲻˡ
ֻա
ֻֻĽŲԽԽԶ
Ҳȥ·̨֮Ͼֻʣ̴ƴˡ
ƻ赭ɫĹâӳƴǰѩϣȾһ˿ıͳ
ӣ԰ˡ̴ǰƴǵϷղſСͻС㣬ദͦõġ˵ضȽϿ㣬ԸҲʮֵĺá
ƴȴ֪ΪʲôҡҡͷȻҿϵı񣬵Ҿá˵ĻĵġӦǲ˵ġ
Ϊʲôô˵̴򲻽ʵܹĻղŲһ仰˵ġͬϲϪһЩΪһڻǰֵĺ
ܺáƴһһ˵ţԽԽжء
ǹǻ壬Բûֱӱʾ
ղֻķӦʱķӦĺ񡣡ӣһˣҪ롣̴ƶĵ

348 ܲ˭

صк¶һ·
·϶ʮֵĺãҺƴǳȻһЩʽӱÿ·еĻ¶ġ
¶¹ãûҳһʵĳ
¶·һҰɣԿ¶ó·ȻЩ·һͲܸɻġ
΢̶ܹ
ū澵ģⲻðɣҼȻ˵ȥæȻҪļ㡣Щ·ʡƽ͵˵ţһһصĵĸӳأС˵Ҫտ̻ѾȽϴ
ҴôĲȥ³ʱ϶ᱻѬһ̣ҲᱻŪ࡭
ǵʱԵòײģǰʧδʺݣֱӴϸɻ·Եô󷽷ģҲôҿĳ⡣
ѵС㻹ĴҪȥ³ɣۡҲڰɣ¶һüͷеĵ˵š
򴽣һĨɫֻȻҪƴǻȥҲӦûֻһߡʱһ·ϣٲҪӴС㣬㻹Ĵֻһȥ¶⣬ȻΪľˣűСĵ˵ŹӻȥСԺʲôӡ
ۡ
־һֲһ㣬һüͷ¶µ顣
۾˲Լͷʼʹԭƽ͵ҲʼЩҪ˵ˡȥһ·
ȵż·Ѿ޵ʱֻѾȻæ
ˮ߶˺üŸϺ裬㲻ɵһ±ӣȻŲζ
Ƭ̱Ȼߵֻǰ
һһ·ˡߵֻǰбǸ˵ţʲôҪҰæ𣿡ֻСϴĺʣ̧ͷֿļѾߣ΢΢ЦĵϴЩͺʣȻ
ǩҪҪݵζ㵽Ժźá
Ҳû뵽ֻ˵Ĳ˵ͷá
תԸѾ
ȻǲԸϴЩѪˮ⣬Լ١
˱ҪȥѾһΰ
һ߽ȥҪߵݷһ
ݷ㣬ұ˾Ķǣپͺʯһһȥһ㣬һ˲ôһ˿㱡
Ķš
ǺָܿƽѸٵĵתݷ߹ݷϣ䵽¶ϣ¶ĶȻûôˣۿԼ¶̾ŵĵͷѹ
ݷʲôӴ
С㣬ôݷƿ̺ɫ˫Ȼֺţ㴩ͦرġ
˵֮ݷҲûĻش𣬱㳯ֻķȥͺֻڵĿһ˵Լ뷨һ㡣
ݷ仰Ųһ¾ͣסˣֲɽ˽תݷıӰȥ
ϦӳػɫͫУһɫıһ㣬۵¤һɫ
۵׵ԵԽ룬׽
ûһƴǺ̴żǰˡ
ʳֻҲ׼ĲˣǱüһʵĴ¯ڷտܣ̿
ȻҪʲôԼʳùտϿ
һ߿һ߳ԡ
˵ԷķΧʮֵɡҸտʼҲЩнֻĴ£һЩСϷպܿͻԾ
˵Цģ˵ϡŹֵĹ¡
Ȼɫȫ֮ոӵĻԾǾִйüҪġ
˱һĿʼ˵¼Լصĸִ˵
ټϾƾĴ߻£ԽǢҶΧڻ¯ǰһߺžƣһ߳еտһϺš
ֱܽ뵽һƬ֮УԺﻹʮֵ֡
ƴΪ۾ԵʣԲûжȡ̴⡣
ݷҲˣȻĺһյǼǰ졣ֻƺҲǺȶˣտʼƴ˵仰ֱӾһȾƣ˻ʱʱĽͷӶ˵ЩĻȻڱЦ

Ṧõǲܲ١ǲ˵˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ȣֻȾһһɫκ죬ԵԽĽΡ
Ҳ΢΢ĸֳĨ⣬ֻ˹ľƱֱҡͷַŶͷдĵܲ٣ܲ˭ܽһ𣿡
ܲ١ֻʣһƬ죬ʵԴѵġô˵ǷӦ˹òǵʷûвܲˡ

349 Ʋ

ҼǵṦаϣǰûвܲˡСžƵƴ˼˵˲书ֻһѡǸ߶ˣһͳˡܲزָ˭ָľǸոᵽˡֻ죬һ
źͿĨ֬ȥѾĲˣʵԴѵġ
ƴ˵ͷֻ˼
ȴ̫ѨʵĵôµĶ
´ˣҪȾƣ׼ˣֻһЦһ̧Ʊơ
۽ǵⲻɵƳԵԼļѾߡ
ݷѾ󲿷ֵעתˣ̴ȻƴԣĿȴҲݷǱߵġ
ԵѾߣרĵտ
ֻǹһĨЦڴĴָʳָмһҩƬͷ˾С
УҲܺˣֻǱƣ̫Ѩüͷҡͷ
ȻֻѾƺܺóԣƾҲǺܸߣҲԼĺˡ
ʱʲôʧ̬Ϊ
㲻Ҫˣ˵õġȿȣֻ֣ҡ˼¾Ʊ¹ⰵ屭׵ֻڰ״ɵľƱƮ
Уˣٺˡҡͷʶ˵ţ⡣
ҲʼĳԵƴбȥ
ˣֻ֣˼֮ǽⱭƸˡ
Ɑ֮ƺĸˣʱеȥĿܡ
ҡ˼֮󣬱Ŀƴǵļϣ۾˯˹ȥ
³ľƴǵĲϣһɴľƴǵıϢǰӡ
¶СˣȥϢɣƴ΢ͷѾһԣĿûоܾȴҲû׽תԸ¶
¶ԼСѾ۾嶼ƴǵϣԥĵӣС񡭡ĺء
褡ƴͻһ
䣬ԭ۾һüͷƺʮֵܣͬʱֻԼ͡
ȻҪµӡ
¶״̲ߵȥŻ¡
̴·̬ʵڲᣬƴǵСĲᣬҪϷȥ
ãþȥɡƴǵ˵ͷ޳ֱһеľƱ
̴;߳ȥ֮ƴǱվλϣôҲ˺ܶࡣҪҪ̴ȥЩѾ
ֻȥıӰƴ仰תͷƴǵƴǣƲ˵ġ
ƴֻ仰һ¾ֻ˼򴽵૵ӣӲˡղūûзסС㣬Сһ¾ˤ̨ϣͷѪˡʱ¶Ҷżܽƴ˵̴ѾڰС㴦
˿ˡ
ƴǵԶɽüĿһ𣬿¶˵ѣƺż𣿡
ҷҩ䣬ȥáǸϽСֻվŵʮֵơ
˵㳯Լķȥ
Ǳ褱ģֱۺϥǶˤƤΪصľǶͷΪˤʱͷÿĵ̨ϣ˲ٵѪûлԹȥͷʹϵ⣬۽ǲϵᣬȴɳƣԴЩܵĺƴǵ֣һ
һظšСֻп˲ƴǵĶʮģһͻૣͬһħһ㣬һһĿڻ
Ȧ
ʵ˵ڵĸоְõʹ࣬һſᱡֽϣһһļӸǣܵû취
Ȼֻһֿεĸ飬ϲϧûУ
ϣҪӣҲװףĸҪڵˣԶϲ
ãֻǿ˵ƤֹѪͺˡ̴ٸ˶ͷ˿ڴ󣬶ƴǵԺҲ̡
ƴǡܵ΢һЩҲ쳣ıˣ۽ǵˮͬߵһ㣬˳
Եôܺʹ࣬һֻУʧȥɵСһ㡣
ʮֵ顣
ﱾǰģڴҶӱøӰˡ
ͬʱ˵ĿҲƴǵϣϣƴܹ߹ȥס֣úðοһ¡СӦûţ繫㡭СһĬãƴǻվԭأţҲôδйĳĬ˲²͸
ƴʱʲô
̴򿪿ڵɫôˣСˣС˯ҵɡ̴˵ֻ꣬תԵƴǣ֮ڵҲΣȥС㰾Ѿɣ

350 Զϲ

ֻһ˵ֱ꣬ת˳ȥûиƴһ˿Ӧʱ䡣
ڴʵԾɵ૶˵Ļƴǵ֣һһ顣
˶ĬĿƴǣ̴˶ͣǻҪ˵ʲôȴҡҡͷĬĬ˳ȥ
褺¶״Ҳ׷׵ĳƴǿһۣűҲĬĬ˳ȥ
һߣоֻʣƴˡ
Ҷü̺˫һһϣͺʵĺ³
Ƶӳдʹϣ۽еˮӳĸҫžĹ
ƴǡһߣֻм򵥵֣ȴƽɬ̲С
ƴһߵǰϵȹ˴ߡ
һֱڻ״̬Ҳоƴǣ漴ʼüƴǣҡĺϲ㡭ŴľɫĴлҭ³һ仰ͬʱ۽ǵˮҲˮкһ㣬һ¾ͽ޽Ǻ
մʪ
㡭ΪʲôͲϲһأ˫Ծɽգƴ˵һ㡣ôȴôıÿһֱֶģļһ
ƴŴû˵ֻǷϥϵһ¡
ƴǡƴǡ˵Ȼȫ˿ǻˮ̰˳յ
֮ǰеίȫйһ㣬޵þһû̺ȵĺһ㡣ƴһ˶ܵĿнһ֪ίҲܡҲȷ˺ˣҪô㶼ԡ
û취ϲ㡭û֮ǰҲ֪ʲôϲΪϲһֻһһȥӵǡʵϣϲһ˲ӵУǸ衣ҵģӵеһ
жƴ˵˶٣ѾҵĶˣûĵġ
ٺãΪҸٶ඼ûõġԶϲ㣡ƴԵɤǳǳ˵ţ񴺷Ĵһ㡣
ȴоĺ⣬ë׶ͬ׹뵽һһ㡣Ҫ˷ʱ˺𣿡ƴǵĻﲻپܾȰһֳȥȰϲϲӦòκεĶͬҲǸж
ʩᡣǿӵҪҲԼһӹúܺãҸġûбҪһ˷ҵϣȴһڶֲõĽ֡
ɤ˵ţú˵Ļɣ
˯״̬ƴ˵һ仰ƤӲɵգһ¡
Ȼ֮ľŹرյƴѾ뿪˷䡣
һ֮˫뵵⡣
ԭ˵һһúŵҲʺȡͬʱһݷߺԼ⡣
ƴǸ˵Щ˵ƴ֪û
ƴΪʲô֪û̴Լе˶֪ĲᣬҲ֪Ϊ˲ˤġ

ϸţ̴ƭȥˣƴ۾Ҳô֪ûأ
벻ף˵Ҳ֡
˲ٵľƣֻҲ˲٣죬˵ģ
ԴȴǺѵġ
ͺȲ
Ѳɣƴ֪ơȲˣ
һ뵽ͫѸٵһ¡
ֻƴǵģƵľƣƾܲܺˡ
ԽԽֿܣ
ȻƴôܻһƵ˵Ļϸأ
װƣڹԼŪˣҪƴܹһ
ڿƴȻѾ˼֪롣һ̬ȶº͵ƴǣ˵ЩĻ
ҹѾˣһ֮⣬ܽǾĵġ
Ҳ֪жãֻԽԽѹҲǾί
ǵȻƴǣƴϵҪһʱܺãĸƻֻƺ
ʵʾˡ
ƴǵĸԼΪƴģһȲֻ
ǾͽΪֻֻܹƴиоԲƴǶֻô⡣
ĺܲģܡ
Ҫ죬Ϊʲôƫƫֻ
ֻòԼһ֮⣬ûһطȲֻġ
ΪƴǵĻĴģһ뵽˲ܹܿصĵز
͸оʮֵѹʮֵίȻȻľͲ뵽ǰ
뵽ǰҲǺֻһһ˵Ǹ˾;
ǸҲƴһȫ
Ǹ˴СĺãͬƬΰ㣬һһԺ֡
ǰûҲδʲôҹʱȴôֲ󣬶
ɵģͲһֳ嶯ȥߺ˵˵

351 ô

һ𳤴ģСʱһֱ
˵дʮ꣬ʮ÷ˣˣĴھһ鷳ʱ޿̵Ĳ
ȵһ̣ôɣҲһԼҲˡ
ʱƣܾ˵ʲô֮һЩѹģƴϡ
̲ס뵽ĺãҲǻ̲סߣһίġ
ĻҲԲƴԼԶ
ƴȻҲǱǧƫƫϲƴǡ
Ŵһ޼ʵĺҹľһ޵׶һ㣬ԽԽί
ҲһˮˣƴĻˮϣиһѡǸ˾ۡ
һ֮ҡҡͷ
веģԽǻرܣԽһֿ
ܹ֮ǰͻȻĳǰȻİٺϻķϡ
ӭɫһЦҾ˵ٺϻˣÿٺϻҶһժ͸㡣
仰˵а꣬ǴʧԺҲûˣҲûһ˻ͻˡ
֪ĺЩɬ͹
ĳҹУĻ䣬Լеļįݺݵĥš
ϢĴ
֪ƿ˴˿˿ϣǸܹôɵľͳڴߣ
ȻĲ֮⣬޾ĺڰ
г޾ʧ֮⣬ǻһĨľìܡ
˿쳣Լܹǰο
Ȼȴʮֵǲܵˡ
¥ȴһյƹ⣬ѭȥһͦӰŵ˳
ī磬ſɣķ紵˵˶ʵĵƹ¡
е˵ұģվŲȴҲܴӹ͸¶۱
ƾǺҹеһʱӰһϳǸ˾ۡ
ôˣȥʲô
ķڲ棬ȫĿеΣȴܿĵŵģɫĴֽϻӳ۵Ӱ
ŬҪڳʲôȴʱӿŵһƵĹԼٺϵĻζ
ζʮֵ嵭š
ȴһ봥һ㡣
еһǶûС
ֱת¥ȥ
ݷ㱾ĿǰչޣһתͷȥַſվſڣӵĿݷ㡣
ݷ续üĿ΢΢һ£Щĵ
Ҳ̲Լʧ̬̽͵Ұҹ˶ЩŵһɹһͰٺϻ㣬Ծѭζˡ
ݷô֮󣬱ջ񣬼ǰСչޣָָ񣺡ӦûһЩԵģѾȸԾͺá
ллʲôݷô˵ﲻЩʧǰ۸ġ
ݷ֮ȴ룬̶תͷĲһ
ΪݷʲôȺȴ֡еϣǰ顣
Ҳ֪ʲôֻ֪Ƶ˺ȼѾƣθҲкôݷش
ǰСԵģſָ΢˽˱˵
šϹźȾҲûʲô֮һڶ쾫ɫúܶࡣݷ˵ͷشĻ
ҪʱУ˲૵˵仰˵СֻһܹŵȾһĨ֮ɫ
л۷˺ܶҽ飬˺ܶ෽Ӳŵġ
ҲΪģ
ֻΪÿŵҪգΪ峤ŮȻⲻҪȾơ
ֻһ˻ᣬԵʧ֮Ҳûкȹ⻨ˡ
ȴΪһ˰⻨ΪֻܹһܺȵȻ޾ˡ
㡭û°ɣݷ㿴ɫܲá
ҡû¡ҡҡͷŬ𴽱ߵһĨЦԻСã
ݷתͷһֵҿҲ˺ܶ࣬ʣµĻͷһɡ
һ仰ԽıҲԽľġ
֮ǰֻһ˿ԶȴʩᡣŬάǵЦ⣬ȴʮֵĿɬллˡ򴽣ȴͻȻʲôӭݷȥôãΪϲ԰ɣ

352 Ϊʲôô

ݷ仰ЩرܣɫȻûжı仯ȴһ¶䣺ΪҺãҵȻҪá
ⰵһ£Ȼʧȥ˼䣬֮ǰһЩСϰȴûиı䣬ֻҪĿڲһر⣬ͻʶĶ䡣
һ˲ĿڵıͬˮһӿֳΪʲôҶԹôãǹӶȴԶûжԻСһãʶӵģҵ꣬ԭѾҪˡǹͻȻͬŻˣźδʱֻʱˡ
ӵĻǸ̡ûκָˣ˵ţʼƮնֺܲģҲûбѡ񣬻ڶѾˣⳡ񲻹ǹǱ߻ҵļ˶Ѿﱸ
һ꣬ôͻȻ˵ԼҪԴԺڼҪ㣿
ǸһĨ䳰Ц⣬Ǳ䣬ҲǱ͸׵ġ
ݷЩ۽Ⱦһء
ʶ죬֪һԭˡ˵ĻľͲı䡣ΪֻһһεĽ͸ıԼԭ򣡡øĻǸӦø˵ģԼѾ¶ǰûκιǵ˵Ҳ̫
Ҫ³ҲóҺֻ֮ʮֵΪѣңȴҲ᲻÷ֻĴһĨȣΪֻ̫˰ɡСʱ
˵һİһŮ˵ĻͻΪǸŮεЭԸԼǧȴҲ᲻ԼϲŮܵһ˺˵ΪʲôƯŮô࣬ΪʲôӾͶ˵ĳԣ㡭Ҳϲϵı鿪ʼʹѣ˫һ¿
żߵݷǰָݷ㡣
ӵ˾һʧ̬ʧȥǣ֪ûС
ݷǰͲҪκεαװ
ʲôݷ㶼ϲƯһֺòˣһã˼ҵĸоǰһ̧ͷŽߵݷ㡣ٻƵݷ
ұݾͬʢҹʢı˰һ㣬͸¶аȺջ
ݷ֣źۼ򴽡
֪ΪʲôôϲԸΪκ飬ӵԼӵһλ֮һһĶ
Ļ˵ֻһŮˣĶͳΪ
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϶ֱ׵˵šȻ֪乴Цһ£Ҳһ˸˵Ļ˵һԨУֻôһյԨԶ
꣬ϧյ𣬾൱յġ
ϵ𲻶ϵҡҷţӳݷϣʹϵ˿е
ǰǲʶңĬһ֮ݷʳ仰Ҳ˱仯
һԴƺһ˹ҲӸղŵͿն۽
ƺʶȻڲ֪и˵ô໰һ۽ƾһǰô죿
˵ǲǰʶңݷ㳯߽һжһ˿Сʶ㣬ͻ˵ˡֻǾǰʶһ˺ѣɫûжٵı仯ڶʱ֮ھԼָƽû
κεĲ
ʧ䣬֪Լ˭һ¶ûˡһһңһ˵һ߿۵
˵עӣ˵ڹ۲ûʲôϸ΢ı飬һУ˵Ѿˡݷ˼һ漴㾲Ĭϣͬһ㣬۲ϵı飺㲻ƴΪʲôôԻСҵ˵һ仰ǸֻرӦġܾ˺һǳϲˡôպһĥ㣬ʹˡ˼ǸҺ
ˣӦúϲ㣬㲻ϲھͱˣϲƴǣƴȴϲ㡣
Щһǲа˹ֻۣȻ˵ôһĻĻ˺ǳϲԼˣǸ˵ĻС㣬ڻúõ𣿲һ͹ӽ⿪ᣬƾԲҪָ
رӦĻǹӦòϲŶԡɫ΢һ£űڷϹΪֻԵʲġΪϹ̫ϲҪ֤ԼͬʱɳǲξҲֻȻ˵ϹѡȥôϲֻôܻܾأϹٸֻһĹϵ˵⣬ǵЦݷͻȻҵֻһЩһ
㡣ǽȴֿɬгĵҲ֪ϹһĹϵҲ֪֮ǰе顣ǡǸʱΪǾԲܽ
ֻģû뵽ӾȻˣһ¶˾ġ
ݷ㴹ֲɵսֻ֮ǰֻֻ֪ǾԲġ˺þãҲ֪Ϊʲôϲһ°θߣӦ飬е磬еóٶѡ
Ҫ˼꣬ӾͲϲˡ
˵ΪʲôݷӳµúΪӴСһֶֶҪÿųСҪʮʱ䡣ֶǵӵĻ£ΪľǲӵԼ
á˵Ҳ
ݷһ£űʵϲСʲôϵ
˵ƴǻֻԸ񲻻⣬ǿӣҲǻƴǲӵԼõӡˡӵĻҩûʶֻ֮ǰûᵽһ˵ĸоκŮ˶ûСоΨֻζΨһһ

353 

ݷ仰ϵٲȻһ㵵ı仯ұҲǾҵһ¡
ȻͬΪ˵ݷ㣬ȻµҪԡ
ֻ֪ƴǿ϶˵ġ
˵ƴڶŮмᶨƵѡֻǰ顣
ֻȴƴΨһѡʲôأ
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뷨ʱһ˽ȥ̹ףǶжΣҪ˵֮ǰδ޻ţұһĻ֮ǰǸδޱʲôȢûֹͣѰҡ
˵ЩʱҲ֪ԼǴʲô״̬
ֻԼѣҲЩƴһܡҪݷ˵ܾݷ㻹ǰһο塣֮ǰǸδһĻǿƴǻӡȻһֱЦţǿȥȴЩŲԼΣõ
ԼûѡĻ֮ǰδ޾Ͳű塣
ĵһδޣҲԼѡġôûݷ㿴۾˵
ƴ˵ⲻϲֻһκͲѡ
֮⣬ƴǸܶԵһδ޲ʲô顣ǡΣһˣƴһúòġҡз͵İɣƴĶûɾ֮ǰƴеķ͵ġƴĶٻҪʱ䡣˳ü˶۽ǵĽһʪ󣺡꣬жٸꣿҽѾʮˣٹҾͶʮˡȵǸʱѾƣѾõ껪УÿһʱÿһҶҪŵ̬СţȥֺšҪʱ޿̵ĿƴǺֻ֮ܡÿ˵һܻ뵽ҵоͬһ㣬ѾԤϵ֮ˣĺ¡
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һһһ°θЩ̶Ǳߵŭ𡣡ҰеĶסȫѹϣ·Ѿһˣû취ͷˡÿһ֣ÿһ仰͸¶һ־ݷ
һ
ĻǰЩìܣǰ˵Ļġ
Ϊûѡˣƴȥֻ
ȻûκλᣬǵȵƴǵĶؽ֮һƴȥֻġ
òԹޣҲȻ᲻ϧһдֻһУñҪŶʮòȫѡ˼ҵġݷ򴽣մȾ¶˫ǸӵͱԵΪ
ԡ
һ´ǣһ£Ǿ仰ʮֵĿЦһе飬һǡľѾߵһˣûа취ͷҲǲ֮ǰĵȴŬ
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ǡԼˡݷ㿴һʱľʮֵĽ΢΢ĳһתеĻ
ҲʱͻȻʮְǳǳĺ֮ʲô
Ҳûٴο˵˼ֻǾݷĲרģҪκʱĶˡ
۽ǵˮĴ۽޾Ŀ޷˵һ㡣ʵѾʮֵĴˡ
ݷһп޷˵˵ݷĻ
տŻݷȻҲ֪Լҿôá
Ե۾һת㿴ǿ޵滨꣬ȴֺӲģݷһüֱӴ߹Ȼùһ뵹һ׿ˮһЩǣݸ˵ѹʱӦöԵģ
ܻʹԼ졣
ݷݹˮǲıĤ˲ͱͱˣֱת˵ݷĻ͵ؿ
ôһ˲䣬ĺǰΪˣֱ⣬ĸо̫ˡĺݷˣ

354 ͬ

ݷһ£ּϤȴİĸо˲ǵصϯÿһëףȻȥˣ¶ĸоѾڣϤ
İٺϻζҲΪ֬ˮζ
ұĵ΢΢һУһݵϢļ۽ǡ
ûκͣľҪԼĻƳҿһºòã˫ȴǽץݷ䲻ţ֪ãĺܣû취ñ˿ӣҲܸƴ˵

˵һ
Ҳ֪ôˣΪʲôôĴֺڵͷԽǿҡ
޲ھ͸ݷ˵ʵ飬Ȼһ뿪źá
ЩߣջǱˮ˻ȥĺϲӼĵһۿʼͷ·һ⽫ˣҾôôõ˴ڡԸº
̸ţΪӦú׽ӽʵϣǴ˵еĺ¥ֻǿܽȴʮǧԶ
קݷ䣬૵˵š˵ĸо
óϣţԼа취ܹƴϲԼȫΪ۸ġ
ǰ˶ΪΪǰģ
ƴҲڻ¡
ϧһвֻһִѡ
û㵽е˶ʯȹ¡
һжֻΪǣ
Ҵûϲһ˻ôʹܡԽ˵ҲԽ˵ʮֵĺڡҲףһȴʼնòӦĸܡͣƬ֮㻺˵ͻȻĺѡһΣһεĻҾԲ
ѡ̫ʹˡˮ˳ϸ򦣬ݷ½ųһ䴿Ļ
ڣ֪ˣҪصǰҪݷĵݵ˵ţȴû̫ı顣
Բ˵ЩûκιϵһݷȴǼᶨĽƿˣͷͷˮմʪ½ǣԴһĨ
̧涵˫ǰݷ㡣
ʱ佫ݷݹյԽұ˵Ƿۣ˷ءǣ֪ЩûκιϵֻҪҸ˵˵ѣҲߵ˿ӡݷѾȷıʾܾˣ
ȴûз
ʼնŰǰǷ͸о
ܾۻǻǰһ͡㣬Լϲˣͱһˣ㲻ѹһֱߣе飬㻹ƴǴδӣ
Өˮϵۿǻš
ݷ򴽣һûôҪֻҪ߾ͺˡҲûʲôûûʧҪʲôݼأ˳Ǻ󹬵ǲ˽ġ׵ܵܣ
ܾ档ǵʱҪô죿ѲҪΪ̫𣿡͸һ˿⡣ǲûг˼Ȱ˵
ݷ仰续üĿ΢΢һ£뿴¶һĨǺԥ֮⡣˵Ĵ࣬ͬˣʲôΨһĲǻలο𣿡͸ſǻĵһֱ
ļᣬ˲ɵҪ顣
ݷ㿴Щʵֻս˫Щݡ
ʻǿ󰡣㾹Ȼʲôûд׳ݷ㽫õ͵ֻʱ
ֻ˯ʵģȴӲһ˫۾ݷ˵
ĿǰǱ߿϶ǻжģֻ͹ľһܹŵҩ
һ£˵ĸ鴦ڴʱ򣬾ͺ˵ʵҲ׽Լﻰߡ
ſݷ֮ʹùĶ֮ǰá
Ӷһίѹ
£Ӧû͸¶ЩʲôŶԡ
ʼʱҩӰ죬ܿơԽ棬ҩЧʧЧˣҲˡݷ˵⻰ʱ򣬲ɵĴһǷ
ȻĵڣЩˣҲЩˡ
˸˵ίܣܺڵΪ֮⣬û˵ˣֻ۾ɫʵݷĿֻһۣҺ飬ֻһһ˵һǰ顣ݷ˵ЩʱɫƽģûжĲ
еȴôҲڲס
˵һƴΪʲôôϲ㣬㲻ɵԭ򣡡˵ʱݷõͳְҲ֪ǲģߣ֪ˣֻ룬ЦƴôϲңѵΪϲѲΪƴйˣŻϲңƴǲûи˵
Ҳ֪ݷֻô˵ֻ֪ǲ֪ˡ˵˵ʲôԭ򣿡ֻЩЦ˵šϲһ˲ǵϲƴǻΪʲô

355 ҵ

ݷɫ΢Щԥֻ˫ұ۾һֱĿֻҲȷ˵ǲġ˵ƴǴСͱĻһֶ
ֻ֪˵ͷǧ¸ģֶҪÿųһӰ쵽ƴǵ书
Ͳ֪ˡ
ֻ֪ƴʧȥȫΪƴ˹Ŷʱ򴳽ȥˣʹһʱȫû书
ƴǾ͸˵Щݷֻô˵ΪƴǸֻˡ
ǡֻҡҡͷЦ˵Ȼأ˵ҿ԰书ݷգһŨĽ𣺡˵ƴǵֶûκ˺ΨһĿľǲҪƴպãΪҩˣû
֮ǰһֱû˵ָо
˵ʲôֻһЦǻ¡
ƴǷǺõĺءǣûҵ˼˼˵ڳܹƴ˵ĸо֮⣬κŮ˶ûСݷ˶ֽ˵Ϊʲôƴǻôں
㣬뿪ҲǲںĹȥһٷŵԼߵԭ򡣡ֻЩţϸƴǵǼΡʵ˵֮ҲͼζѡȻҲóƴǶŮ֮²Ϥûзʲô

ҺߵԽ׽ΪķӦҲԽԣвӡ
ֻһиоݷؼһ仰
ô֪ģֻǾЩţΪƴǰĺЩȲ
ƴǸ׿˵ģƴǽ֮ǰе鶼ˡΪҲǲϣ޹ȥ
ֻ滨ľ̵ƾϣĿ⿪ʼ˼
ǵõƴΪ˾ܾ£Ҳ˵ġ
ѲƴΪ˾ܾһŮ˶ҵĽڣ
ǹغϵ飬ڵ飬ƴôܻó˵
ġҲӦð
Ĳһ˵
Ҳšֻ֮˵仰һƴƭġȻұһŮ˳úÿ㣬ǹһǸŮˡûʲôܹһʧȥܵиоֻᲦһɢ޽
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𣿡Ҳֻҵһ־顣
һϰͻѹ֣ڱǰһأɥʧϡ
ΪѰҴ̼ӶһЩ̬Ϊ
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ЩӵеģǾͻ᲻ں
ͱһЩúÿ˲Żúòÿν
֮˽ȥվο涹Ӱǰƴǹӡ
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ƴȴṴ´ƿ˴һ±öˣųش¶ˮ¿ɽζ
ΪˣȻҲֻദһȻȻҲסޡ
ֻֻûиᣬֻ˵ˣҲȥ˯ˡ
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²ֻ֪֪ǧѾܽˣҪһӾܵǰˡ
ƴǲе֣΢΢ˡ
Ҳʱδ˵£ҵˡǻԸس

356 

ǧƴǰʱһķ糾ͣɫҲǸ
ǧ˱ֱĹƴǵǰҲǸĳأ·ʲôˡ
μҹûҵǳʲô£ƴǶڰϣͻȻࡢصǧЩɻ󡣡ӣѾҵһŮʬֻڻûа취϶ǲǵ̫ǧںڼɵʹţǲƴĿĽӴǰΪ
һġԸһееĺֻܹˡ¡
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ǧɫԽĲÿˣԴҲԽĵʹȥſ˵ϸ
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ϸﻳˡǧ˵̶һ仰ǧ˵ȴڵӹȥҪѡ
Ȼ˵ƴǽϸسûнϸ갲ߣҲδټǾƾϸֻһģһò
ΪƴǵϸݲɵģֻҪһûϸ뿪ʹϸһջӵġ
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˵ȴ治ȻҪǰ
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ǣϷסֻºǧһֱݣҪڹ졣̴ͷش
ӣ㡭ϸǡǧ̴ֳƴȥǲ˵ЦӴδϸϣϸسֻҪ˳һϸͻС֮Ĺϵѡ˵ˣСҪ
ӻسϸڹûСᡣ̴ǧı飬Ц˵ɡ
С㣿ǧϵɻԽˣҵСˣһС㻹Ըȥ
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ǧڷɻ˸żĨɻǾŲ̶һµʱ䣬ôһ·ôת
褴ǧȥ֮ƴǱ㽫еĲŨ޵ĵ벻ôҪˡҪС꣡
ƴǵкܵǹįȴУһĽ
ӣٹ꣬Ҳеġ̴ƴеį㰲ο
ԸߣҺ֪ˡƴ̧ͷɫ⹴յ̻쳣Ψˡ
ոϷȥһСķ䣬Сľ̫ãҪҪȥ̴עƴǵ̣ԥĿڡˡ֪ҪʲôҸˡͲҪκϣˡ̴չ˺ˡƴҡҡͷûнֱֱǰ
˫ӲԣüĨźȴڡ
Ϸġ
֪˯ûС
ô磬ƻС㻹˯Űɡ̴۴⡣̴ֻ֪ϲ˯
ţ¥ȥԺɡԺһЩȥɡƴ˵š
ֻھûѣġ
áϷȸӷҩɣ
̴ƴһ¥żʱݷɶźĻ˵ǰ߹
̴Ҳûע⣬һͷӦݷǴֻķ߳ġ
ոǴӻС㷿߳ģ̴ͽסݷ㡣վ̴Եƴǣ˱ֱɫˮĴšݷͣ½Ųұ⳯ƴǵķȥ˸岻űǡ

357 

СʲôĵطҪϷȥ̴򿴵ݷеŵСܺãֻȶ˹ƣȻȲҲܶȡҾͰһЩСȣθѪãҲɫһЩݷ
ƴǵϣô磬Ҫȥ𣿡
ƴŴû˵ֻһ޵ơ
һϰߵģڻСѾ𣿡ԽǳĬƴǣҲԽƴǵķ
ǣߵãСѾ˯ˣҪݷĻشţȴǿѹˡ
ϣӣԼеˣԺӾʱܹСЩݷһٲȻͺ޵һ㡣
̴Ӳɵĳƴȥ֪ġƴ˵ͷȶָдԣչ˻ˣҲܸлܹԻܵܵߡȻ˳Ҷ
磬лݹӡݹʲôҪҲһ߾ȫ㡣
ƴǺݷ֮䲢ûӣ˵˵鶼ƽȻ֮䣬ȴٲȻѾһĨֲζˣӡЩӦġûмˣҲ֪Լ˭ΨһԸϣܹڻСߣչݷɫδв˵šȴ
ҧüءƴṴ˹ǻϵĵܵܣǽ໥֣໥չӦõġҺͻˣǱҲһˡʱǲĻ
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֮便ʲô
ݷᳶ´ǣұҫ»΢΢ŵĵһ㶯ˣݷݵ΢Ҹʹӡ
仰˵꣬ݷת߽˳
ȻڻڲǾ͸һȥСִɣƴɤɵģʲô
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ݷ㣬ۣƴǴǵЦѾڲֻ֪һĨ⡣
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ͻһ꣬Իƴǵûоʲô֡
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Լ뷨ԼȷĶ
̴һǲѾһЩ飿Ѿָˣ
пܣƴǵ˵ʮ̹ȻȻʲô࣬˺
ǱߡȻᰵȥ⡣
ӣҪݷĻָǰļĻǡ̴ȴǵ۵书˵أɲСﰡȻԸҳϾûʲôܹҺµġҲֻҪϲңԶߡƴ˵ţ
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Ʊ
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һֱ˯Ҫŵʱ䣬۵һɲǣϵĽźͲһЩ֡ôôȻ£ܵȥ۽ӴߣǻʮֵĺڵľҪ
뷨
ΪҪǣȻ˵ƴǵܡ
Ϊʲô۶ȷʵܺãȴûйǰǿҵĸо
Ĵľһֽ۲޴·ʱҪǴ˽ĻԥĴӦ
ѹȫë亹ë͸
ֱţǸ˾ôˣûѵΪƴǶ˵Ƿ̼ܵˣǼҲӦȥۣҲǲӦø˵Щ
һۻָ˼䣬ǰе顣ǾԲܷŹġ

358 ߻С

Խ룬ԽԼһǷˣʱǺ޲Ҹضȥ
ҲǺ޲ʧźá
С㣬ôˣǲﲻ¶߽㿴˫ֱԼԴϵҡͷʮųĳһ㡣
¶ȥĶˣôûţΪ¶ŵĻǾͿ϶ᷢˡ
¶һ£űĴǰūҲ˲ٵľƣ̴˵СѾЪˣԡС㣬ǲūʲô
ϸüţ¶ô˵ôԽľ⡣
ԼɣҲ֪ԼľƷԼĺˣҲ÷顣
۱֮ôȥ
ΪƴһϯΪѹһݣĵ׵ίȫ˳
ãָƽҲϸɣԺ󲻹ΣҪ⡣
ǣū澼ˡ¶ͷ
أ칫𣿡ڶͷϵɴʵ
ûУ̴С㻻ҩ֮󣬱빫һȥˣӦûȥִˡû¶һɫСĻش
ѩɫԽĲˣŵĶǰͱˡ
С㣬㵽ڻûţҪҪūȥ෻ϲԵƤࣿ¶״ʵ
࣬ҲϲʲôƤ࣬˵ϲֻΪƴϲȥѡ
ˣʰһ£ǻؿջһҲȥҲǲڿۡ
Ȼϵ¾ô֣ԽˣԽǼԽǲˣ¸¥ݣڹսǴˡ
ʱݷһЩܴߵĶһݷӰת¥ߣڶһ㡣
Ȼݷȴʲô֪һ㣬ȻĺһкС㣬ҽֻһ룬һڳ費ҪҶ㣿
¶ݷô˵ɻͬʱһ˿ĺ¡
ԼСĹϵʲôʱôˣһ׽һЩ
彩ֱÿëɪɪĵֱɫҲǱ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ץס¥ݷֲֵɵƬ̣һ
飬ǵҲȻǵʮֵ
ԽǶܣԽԵĴκ飬󷽵Ժˡ
תϵѾָ糣ͬʱԴһ˿֮⣬˵ҲϸϸССģˣллݹӵĺ⡣ҿСɫ̫ãӦľƻûѰɣҽѾһ˯ˡСͲظҿǸһֱڹůţӦû
ȵģȥ˵ݷɫ糣ĳȥ
ˣݹӡסݷ㣬ģ֪ǺãȴҪװһƽ¶ȥ˾ͺˣͲͷݹˡ
˵㳯Ե¶һۣ¶дɻ;ȡ
ǻǰ˼¥ȥȥ
Ҳ¥ݣԺһˣݷ˵ֻڻ˯ԥߵݷǰ
ݹӣʧ̬ˣݹ㲻Ҫ档ֽǰʹͷľǾޱƵ½
ݷ㿴ǰ˵ͷȻұ۽ȴ˸żĨ⡣
ҲĪҪ˵Ļ棬ֻǡֻǺˣ̧ǰݷ㡣ǶͲ˼
С㣬ģзִġ˭жżֲԸ֪Ŀࡣݷٴε˵ͷƽûκ
ݷ˵ʱһֱ۽ǵ۲ݷͶȻûаѺڸǵӣĵױҲԷˡ
ллݹӡ΢΢¶һĨЦ漴ʵǡ˵Ǽ£㻹ûи߻Сɣ
ǼȻָľйƴǵˡ
ݷûϻشˣҲ
ݷֻȻһʱ佫¸ֻˡ
һżݹӣǲѾС˵ˣ
šݷ˵ͷ
ʱ˸ءƴǵܣƴǿԽ̹ȻĸֻΪڲں
ƴȴһӶֻ֪ܣ
ֻ֪ˣͿ϶ȥƴǡԭƴǶеһֻΪǷԼŵѡһʲô£ƴǾͿ϶µĿǷĿǷĹ֮ôƴ֮ʲôʣˡ

359 ûж

ҾҽȨ֪ġݷֽ˵
ȻȴԽԽȫҲǾʮֵ
ƴǿ϶ΪֻȥԲŻὫ¸ֻġ
ƴǰһֱĶ¡ͻݡҲһᵴȻ޴档
ԽԽǺԼΪʲôҪݷ˵Щ
󼹵ҲԽԽ˲׹뵽˱ıһ㣬ȫÿѪܶס
С㣬û°ɣݷ㿴ϵѪɫ˲ȥĵʵȻ۽ǵĨȴԽԽء
û¡ҡҡͷѵάסԼƽ⣺ǻС𣿡
ƴһͳȥˣֻڻ˯Ӧûûм
Ӧÿˡݷ롣
ȥС𣿡ӯӯ⣬˿ͽĿݷ㡣
ֻһݷ㰾ĸǹãһˬɫ󣬸о˯һspaС㣬ʲôҪ¸˵𣿡ֻһȫĽǣһɢڶǰ鷢תһǣ绨ѩˣĻ

վſǰЩ㱡
ʴȻκװεҲֵܵ
С㣬Һˣʧ̬ˣҸݹ˵ЩǧҪϡҺ˵ġ߽Źϣһ˫üֻ
˵Щָֻᣬ˹£ɢڼͷīȾĳЦʵ
ǡйعӵ顣ҧҧʵң༫ˣŻұĻС㲻Ҫ档
ֻǰ΢żϸӨ°͡û˵ңʵڡ׹Ϊζ˳տԲԴµ뷨ȴû뵽Ȼ͸˵˳ֻãɫ΢
ЩȻʼն͵ġƴǴδ˵ĻֻùһؾİӣĽһͷīȾĳ̶סֻ޷ȻĴԽԵ
Ĵ媡
Ȼô˵Ļأŵӿǰֻ崿Զѧ
ֻ˵ͷ֪ˡ
һС£ӦΪǡֻż򵥿ɵ˯۴ӴҲ֮䵽ϸϡ
ֻЦŵ˵ͷ֪С˵ʱҲǲŵġȻС㶼ԽˣҾ͸ûбҪˡ
ֻô˵ϵǷһЩС㣬ллܹ⣡ÿ˶иġϲƴǵģΪϲŻпࡣеʱȶˣһЩҿƲ
ס顣ңҴͷβûҪɢƴǡҲǴδй뷨ϸĶֻ˵㲻Ҫºƴ˵Ҳ֮ʲôᣬҲǲΪһˣԽ˵ԽСΨһеһԸ
ֻܹڹӵߣΪЩ£ΪһˮҲá
С㣬֪ġҲƴ˵ġֻԾɴЦ˵Ҳϸģûʲô
ǵ߳ʱֻϵЦȴ˲ʧˡ
ûĻԶ˵Ļ档
ڣԽҪڸǹȥԽãģ
һƣյĽɱһǧԻٰ˰ٶѡ
ƴǶֻпǷΣ
ԭҪȥϽ˶ģͷˣֻʾԷ岻Ȥ
±㽻̴ȥ
ֻ֮˵Ҫط
ƴҲ֮վȥ
ԽԽȣ̫ȻҲͶһЩ쿪ʼڶˣ׼Ҫ㵽ʲôʱ򣿡һ߳⣬ƴǱ㽫۾ϵİײǰ˹УֻģӰҲƴǵ
ǰ
ƴǰһ㾫׼סֻ󣬽Լĸǰʲô£Ͳܺ˵˵𣿡ǲ²͸ӣǰһӦһسһȴڿĶҡһֱںڰ۾ͻȻֱӭ⣬ƴǵ۾ʮֵĲӦ
ƴȴɾԼ۾ֻͼܹʱֻϵ顣ƴǣ㲻Ҫ룬ûж㡣ֻϾδޣǰǹ̫ܲáֻ֬ƴģƵ¶Ȳ͸
·ݵ壬һȦЩҲŮˣָܵģֻ̇ͷƴǵȥͫŬҪԼǲôŬʼնʼ޷۽һ

360 ȣͣ

ƴֻô˵һžŵһΪʲô㲻˵顣
˵ƴǱֳֻֻķȥ
ֻ󣬼û˸ҲƴԼ֡
ֻķƴǴûȫǿǽеһԼоǰһƿţƴǱĽֻ˻УԴֻľ䣬һǹϤĵ㣬һ½ıϢƴ˲һ
С
·һֻ
᲻뿪Ұ벽ƴǻֻ֮˵š
ֻṴ˹ǰƴǣ㲻ҷڲس𣿡
Ȼ֪ͲҪĥңƴ߬סֻС֣˯ˣôϺ˵˵
Ҳ˰ֻ˵ֱ׳ġ
ڻ˯ƴɫĴǷٵЦ⣬ǲɵЩ˿˿Ļ⡣
Ҷ˯һˡ˯ֻ㲻ȥƴǵ񣬱Ҳ֪ʱƺ
͵ң𣿡ƴ޳ֻϸ֫ĶͷϢֻŲã˼ڿǻƻŮ㶼ûȢţ˯ֻƲƲͷۿתһ£Ѿ˺Ļȴջ
û˵
ֱƴǵģ
ں֪˵ľǲġƴ仰סֻȴԽĽˣһϱ˱ֱӾ˫Ҳ֪ǻƻŮԺҪҳ׵ġ
Ϊλݷһȥ㷿ͣôòų
ֻ΢΢ſڣ뵱ʱô磬ƴǾˣ
׵ܵܣҲϹذɣƴǰ˫ĴΣԡ
ҡֻһʱҲĽڡ
㻹ʲô˵ƴͳ
ǺС˵һЩѣѵ㻹ҺС֮ʲôҪС֮ʲôҲسˡֻȥ
Щĸо֪ݷ֮ûʲô㡣ֻҳԴˣƴǻֱ׵˵ţҲ뿴κߵôܡĸܣôͲ
֪ҵĸܡҡ֪Ҳˡֻ֣ƴǿȴôӣֻǺС˵һЩѡ
ҷġ
ǰƴͳɤˮϣֱײģԺ󣬲Ҫ˺𣿡
ʱƴȻģȴġ
֪ˡֻ˵ͷ
ȥ˯ɡƴֱӾ§ֻͳķȥ
ֻƴǾȻֱܹƿǰӣʶʲôƴǣǲܿˣ
ܿһҲȫäƴǻӦӺʹôܹġ
ƴǡֻһ¡
˯һһ仰ƴٲȻڿˣ˯ţҲá
ƴǡֻҧҧ㡭
ƴȴЦˣֻ˼һСǳԺ˵
ƴһֻͷϣֻϵζ˱Ƕƴŷİģ㱼ֻصСľݡ
꣬ڴϺֻ˰ĳϹͷϡ࣬˭û˵
ָоĺܺã
˵°ɣҺþû˵ˡƴǲͷ૵ֻ˵
ֻƽڴϣӱƴ§ڻСЩϰߣЩȡ
ƴǣио𣿡ֻȴͻȻʳôһ仰
ʲôоƴЩʵ
ֻֻǿƴǣû˵
ƴǣȻֻе˼򴽣ЦЩаȣа
˵§ֻֿ֫ʼս
ȻǶЩȣǾͷֿ˯ɣֻЦһ˵
ƴǵֻĵˣϷˡ
Сӣ֪ôźá
áƴֱǿƵĽֻ§ڻУǾȣ·
֮Զ
ֻƴ桢ӣЦţ־һƴǵıӣ·Ҳͷӣȡ
õƴһ߻Цţһ߳ûֻϿͣһֻȴǴͷһȣֻӡ
ķֻϣֻࡣȣֻͣûлƴǵĻı۾׼˯ˡ

361 ˵黰

û취ƴǿŽߵֻŵǹ㣬ȴʼն޷ڵģ
룬ڵıһʮֵܺ⣬һ˿⣬΢΢ġ
ҲˮʹۣǳǳֻǾĿţ鲻ѡ
С㣬𣿡⴫ݷ
ֻ۾ƴûκνȴǳŵķƲȥһƲǺ⡣
С㣬ʲô𣿡ֻ壬ʵ
㶨·ҸûˣҸͽȥɣ˵ݷҪƿš
̸ֻϽһ£С㣬ڻ·
ȥðɣֻǲݷ㿴ƴǵģƴȴʱƽֵͳ
ֻƴǣдmmpûãƴֿ
ƴǾǹģ
˳Ǵ׾һŮٰ
ƴǷ˴תֳĵѴ᣷
ʱֻǾģ仰׵˵ݷġ
һϣһûмСƽɶ
С϶Ϊƴʲôġ׾Ͳˡ
ˣֻ˺ݺݵƴ֮⣬Ҳûİ취ˡƴǼֻûԼְѴϵĴ᣸ȷȫڵס֮ƴɢĴţ££ĳȴڴ
ĳѶϢ
ݹӣˡƴ޳֣Ķվſڵݷ㡣
ƴǿŷ첻ҲСȴÿܹݷĿ⿴´ᣵĴ
ݷŰ֣˽ֱϵ͹
˫ұһӣȴǱīˮȾһ㣬һŨص
ƴǿݷϵı飬ĿֱӵķǴġṴŴǵĻȣЦȴһηĸо
ݷ㻹ûнݹ˲ԴǵĻּһЩ
ݷ㽫еİƴǵϣĿһƴǣתȥ
ƴǸֻһȷһƴǲǸֻһ˷䣬ȴһĻ
ߵµݷһݺݵı˱ӣ
ƴŰţ˨
ƴǣС᣿ֻƿᣣʹӴͲϲ㣡
ΪʲôҪϲֻҪϲͺˡƴȴûеһ£ԴЦ˵
ֻƴǵù㽫ƴǳƣȥȥȥ˯
ڱɽׯʱƴ۸ģݷ㶼ǿġݷƴһֱе⣬ܲϲƴǡ
ƴǻŪһ
ָܹƽأ
㱾ҵˣﺦ᣿ƴ˳߬סֻ֣űķȥһѵ𣿡
ʲôǶûףǰҲүݱҵġȻм˻û֮ǰЩ飿ֻҲƴ뿪ѡ
ҲǺ±ݷʲôģֻĺΣ
ڴ죬ճ극˾˯һŴȥˣšټݷϻ˵ƴǵ顣
⻻˭Σ
ݷѾƴǷ˹ϵˡ߽ҵӪʵģûһΡָͷֻԽƴǣƴԽǽֻȵϢ籡ֻϣ
źļմȾһ֬ˡһʼңҵףֱֻӿ˵ǸʱƴϲĻ㷢˵һΣֻҪԸ⣬ƴǾͲ
ġҲ
˵Ķԣһʼȷʵˣƴûзϣʵĳϡ
һʼҵĻӡҾ㲻ֵñϧǺ棬滨ʼѾ㵱ҵŮˡƴ۾ƵĿǰֻǵ궬һԻʵġƴԸеĺ¹һ£ұƺԣ˵ϲҵġϲ㡣ʱֻ֪ĻϲలµġɾΪ㲻ֻҺϧ㣬㡣ʲôûж

ƺΪƴһĻֻ֪ˡ˵ڵ㣬ɵġ㲻£Ҳ㡣ֻǣʼն̲סһڽһϣܹ⣡ƴǵ
ĻֻĶ˵ţֱֻԼĶ䶼ˡ
һ
˵ĶģֻСԴҲŴġǲҪһԼķȥһȥֻڶ౧һƴϹֻһεȻֻһ仰˼ˡ

362 ֻһ

ʵֻû˼ֻϣõһ϶Ļشѡ
뱧ҶöԣҪʵشҽ⡣ԽܵˣĻԽﲻסĺ֪Ǽǲġ
ǰһʵκ顣ƴֻûڸԼߵ˼ɣ״ǵóѵЦ⡣
ߺйŮҪʵֻòţҲ֪õõʲôĴ𰸡
˵ƴǻϣͨˡ
Ϊһˣ϶Ҫģƴ˵ûκŮˣǾòܵġ
ϣƴǳûŮ˹
ûУֻһƴ̻ش
Ϊʲô㶼֪ˣҲˣѲɻҪΪ񲻳ɣֻǿЦ˵š
Ƕûãƴǰѻ׽һ飬ɤֻ˵۾ҲˣҲֲġȻҲͲҶˡûǲǴҪһֱһñҺõˡֻֽʵϣƴܹһжȻҲϣ
ƴûŮˣֻŮûá
ƴǺʯĺͫ΢һ£һ´ûĻԺӦûһӰɣ
ΪϲѾνˡƴֻᣬּһ䡣
ΪʲôֻһˣǻϣӦúǧŶԣֱֻƴǵ۾ʵ
ƴ仰ȴЦһ£ȴǸ棺Ҹʺĸһһһ˫ˣҲˡҲҡ
֪оʹûһһӣ
ƴֻôĸֻ˵ţֻȴ˵仰ʱ۾ȴǿŷ
ƴֻһиоΣֻҪһ͹ˡ
ҪȢ˰Ͳһһһ˫ˣֻ˽ż⣬§סƴǵĲ
Ժ󣬻ǵģƴǳĬãȴһһ䣬ᶨޱȵĶֻ˵ߴ̫ã
ʲô˼ֻĵһӦƴԺ
֮ԻߣֻΪұϣԺǵĺӳˣ㲻κϣˡԼ뿪ġƴǺ뷨
һֱΪôϲֻΪֻΨһܹоˡ뵽ȵ졣
Ϊȵ죬һоͶ˳Ȼˡ
ǲġһ졣
ѡֻΪΨһһܹиоˣΪϲڿʼҲκһϣҲ̫ĸܡЩҶѾȺ˵ˡԼѡ񣡡ƴȵϸϸĦ
ֻǽ۰ݣΪ۰Ǹҡ
Ϊе鶼̹ˣȻѡ£֮飬ҪԼȥе
ֻпģǶʮܸ˵˵˵ʱʮֵ̹Ȼƽ
ֻĲ֪Ҫοڣ
üҪ˵ǻߣȴһ
ҡ
Ĳңû֪ǸܣΪǸġ
̫˽Ըˣֻ֪ΪֻΪҪŻһ𣬲İ
ʼնҪ˵ģֻǲڣǿƴǽֻ뷿䣬Ҳǿݷ㽫͹ȥ֮ұÿһƬĺ˪ֱð£
һ
֪ƴǶе붼ֻһڡ䵽ֻȴȫȻһС㣬ȥɣ˵¥ղȣ̫һġָˣǱɹ˾Ͳˡ¶վѾкһ
ˣ˵
ͬʱƺǻҪ˵
ɫľȻḧ˸ͷȴֶͷѾɹ̵ģϸܵĺˮҲͷ˿ð˳
ȴǺƿ¶һĨЦ
ӭǴ۵ȥ
û£ϰ߾ͺãϰߣԺԽԽ࣡
ص䣬¶š
С㣬мվҪ뿪ܽˡѲҪֻŹӻȥǡۣ˵֣¶Ǵµġ
ױǰԼǵգֻǷɡ
ͺֻǻģȴģ¶֪Ӹ˵ʲô𣿡ƴ˵ЩбһƬ

363 

֪ûҲҪ˷ʱˣԶϲңЩѪĵ׶һƬ
꣬δƴǰװȡͬ顣
ôΨһһΣΨһһҪٽԼ⣬ССĵõƴǵһ˿ο
ƴȴһ۾Ϳ˼ֱ׵ĸЩ
ѣȴһˮֱóǡĵ׵ǽеһ˿ϣҲˡ
С㣬㲻ܺͿǰ飬ۻܷŹ𣿡ƴϲϲѾҪˡ
ҪҪνۡ
ֻн鷳ȥƴǵ顣ɫδ¶ȴżˣС㣬㲻ΪԼ룬ҲҪΪǼ롣ǲ۸ǻسġڻس·УǱ

¶ת壬ɫᶨݵ˵š
Żмյʱ䣬Ǻúɣ
ǰ¶Ҳ֪ĲԽԽáС㣬һΣڶΣʲôԸˣ̫ˡ𵱳С㡭ĻԻСģ¶ץ
ס֣һһ˵š
ڰǰЩ飡
ΪεˣȴҲֽǰѷذͱѡ
ǰ飬ǾԲŹģҲǲŹļ塣
֪ˡ뵽⣬ϵıһ˿仯̧ڳͭȥʱŵü˲ȾһĨ
ۣ㲻Ҫң
ʱֻһ۾ͿݷӵǧΪ;ȡ
ǧֻƴǣֵ߽ҲǾò˼顣
ǧ£겻ˣǧûʲô仯Ǻһü֮ǹɱɲֻһ
ǧ¿һֻƴǣŵ֣ȴԼûп֮Żشǧӡ
ϢˣϢ˾һɣƴ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
ǡеɻ;ȶһ˲һɨǧ
ǰһվһԵݷ㣬ƺûнݷϳ
Ǹֱݷ㲻һͨˡ
Ƚȥɣȥĸƹϣֻɿƴǵ֣֮קݷ䳯ȥ
ӣ˭ǧߵƴǵԣɻʵ
ݷ㣡Ҳۣƴվԭأ۾ʲôȴƫͷֻķȥ
ǲеġۡС֮񡭡ǧһڱ˲һ£Ϊ˵
ꡭƴջ⣬һƣѹ͵ʲô֪С㣬ȥҷ飬ƴ֪ˡֻݷ֮󣬱㿪ڵԴˡ飬㲻Ҫ롣Һֻ˯˸
ѡ
ǰֻҲøݷЩǡֻܾòͣͽ֮Ρ
ϣܹݷ֮ǰһûκθҺġ
Ҳݷеϲƴɲڴ̼
ݷ˵ֻҪܹ߾ͺãȥ̼ݷ㣬ȥ⣬ĲãݷȴѿЦݸĺÿģС㣬㲻øҽ͵ġƴǹӱһԣʲôֻҪ߾ͺãӣ
ǹӺ񲢲ϣߡ
˵ݷЩʧ꣬ػ˶Щ˽ġҺոպͺã϶ЩҸ˳Űͺˡ˵ʵǰҲû
ôСۣȥ㣡ǲйֻô˵ƴΪԴףȴǺġ
ݷ룺ûаҲǼ죬ȥҹģǿǸϹӾˡ
ݷһʺ˵šֻЦˣܹҸպͺãҲҪȨԾС˵ȹЩӾͺˡֻ㲻Ҫǰҷˣ۾
أо۸Ļ͸ңšݷ˵ͷÿɹһĶů˵Ц⣺ˣǼƴǹ˵ҾûȲҪΪã˭֪ǲҪ
ǲᡣ
ûУҾѾҪˡֻҪ֪ͺˡƴǵǾ仰ĹˡǲģѾںˡ㣬һֱûи˵飬ʲôˣôģַʲô㶼ûи˵أֻ˵ţɫʼһ˫ü΢΢𣺡⼸쿴ల£ԤУǿ϶·;ж㶯ֵġ

364 񻹺

ݷҪ˵褵ȴӳ⴫С㣬æ
˵ųžͱ˿
ֻĬ̾һ飺˵ռǿ뿪ãҡᱻȥƵġ
Ϻáֻݷһݷȥֻûƹȥˡ
˵岻ʣͲһˡƴֻĽŲ߽۰Ͱ͵İֻߵ¡
ͬһϵ̴ˣҲԼӦüЩˣȥԡ
ŰǷȥ𣿡ֻƴǸӣԭһģȴֲ÷⣬ԡ
һƴԣƴǾ¶һĨСӰЦգڴõĶڵõһ㡣
Ѿȥˡ褻ش
̴ź뿴ƴǿֻǸӣԽЩˡ
ǧҲɵĳ̴һۡ
ӣС㡣Һǧȥһ԰ɣ˵űҪ
ֻæһ԰ҪֲǲС㣬ǧһķСģԳϴŶ
ϵ˶ĬĬĿһС㣬û˵
ˣԷԷֻҲĲУСֶϲԵġֱӾͿˡ
ϵһ໥עӡ
ǧӣһڱǼǰţƺڼûж
˿ǧԽ죬ûԵĲ֮ӳ
Ȼ˵СȫֻϲԵģСջǲġ
̴;ҲѾʵжǶԲ˵Ͽɡ
ȻƴȴһߣͷĿֻ
ô԰ֻŽأƫͷƴǻûж꣬ɻʵ
ڵιҳ԰ƴǵԴ
ں̴̸
ǧ;˵ı飬һ£
ţǲˣղŷӦòǵӣ
ֻŴ͸ֳ˼Ĩκ졣
ǲܸƴǳһͷȻ˳ˡ
˯ͿʼҪιˡ
ԼԵͦõ
㲻Լܳ𣿡ֻС˵һ䡣
Ƕװģƴֱ׳˵š
ƴ㻹ҪΪιϹɶˡ
ϵ˲˵ĬĬͷķٷԵǡСеܲˡ
̴һˣӲҪôһǣ
ΨݷУ۾ƴǺֻ֮תţȻԴǵ˵ҽ㻹ûм޸㣬ҽźˡ
ֻҲ֪ƴǹݷ㿴ģǾƴ˳ʼôߡ
꣬յƴǵĶߵƴҸ㣬ҿɲ޸һˡھܲԼԷ
ܣƴˣն˵ӣǾ׼ļһ̵ػƹϵֻԻƹϣ
ֻܱƴǸЦˡ
˵˾ǸûгĺӣڿȻǣ
бҪһƴǣȻ϶ġ
漴̧һԱߵƴǣȻյƴǵĶߣѹûм޸֮ǰðһʲô۶ӡ
ŶƴЩʧԼίӦһȻʹһĬĬ׳Է
극̴˵ҪҪƴ˵˱¥
ʣµǧ;ҲʮԾʰ
С㣬ȥˮݷҲʰһ£Ȼȥֻ̱ϣһԼԵԲĹĵĶӣƴΪǧһѪ飬ϲ֪մ˶Ѫ˾
Ȼվǰɵʰꡣ
ĸоָоЩ
ǧƺҲֻĿ⣬˫ֻȥ
ֻǧڿԼ¶һЦƤĲŪһԼķ˿ǧգգ۾Һÿ𣿡
ǧˣֱֻֻͣһ
ʰ곯ȥ
ǧֻȴǽסߵſڵǧһĸղŵĵƤʵ֪ô𣿡
Ѿˡǧ˼˵
ûȢֻˣζӳ¡һ£ֻǲ֪ǲԸģ޵ǲϲģ
Ǳ˱Ƶġ
ǧû˵żͼˮķȥ
ֻվ׷ȥڹú𣿡
Ҳ֪ǧϵۣӡϴ룬ǧıԼͦñֱΪϰߡ
˾ǲϴ룬һһ㡣
ֻ仰ӲζˣΪô࣬ʲôû취Ϊ
Ȣ𣿡ȥˣܶ鶼ˣˣǧҲӦ˰ɣЩʲôӦȢǧһ䣬ĻǴһ˿ŭ

365 һʬȥ

褿һˣͷĬĬˢӡ
ҡ˼ֻҲǧŭ⡣
ֻǾôϲ㡭ֻľԸܺãǧҲ䡣
Ҳϲǧֱ׵˵ϲңҾͱҪȢûĵ֪ҶԲȻ㲻֪飬ǵһصȥϢɡϣúܺáֻ˵ͷԭΪǧӦ֪
һϢģǧʲô֪֪ͺãȻջѡһ𣬵ֺαҪһٶܣһЩ޹صǲǺϲ׷ĸоǧӵվͦζֺɭɭߵֻǰЩǲ˵Ѿ¶ӭȢСˣڹ¾Ҫˣȴʱص
ߣҾʼıԱˡǸϹӣ
ѰŪڹ֮䣬ǲǾúȤ
ֻ֪ԼȷӦʱصƴǵߣƴ֮ˣҲ˸Ե⣬ǶӦٻصǰҲӦһ
˵ˣڵǲƴǺ֮Сôζǧָ
ΪԼɽϣݷ㽫˵Ļ
һ࣬ƴ֮ᣬֹǡ
ҪɱݷҲܽϣƴ뿪
ݷ㶼
ǣȷʵƴǣ
ݷô࣬һһֱ
㺦ݷ㣬Թۣʲô𣿶ƴǹƵڻ֪Ŀ
Ҳ֪Ǹ˸ݷ㣡
صƴǵߣҪ
Ҫݷ㱨õӦеĳͷ
ԣСֻѾõˣҲһСˡ
ǧǱ˵⣬ֻƽôһ䡣ֵֻˡ㱾Ծ˵ϲ˦תӶԽСҵҲǿۣΪȥˣѾıˣ
㻹ˣͲϲӣֻϲ׷Ѱֿжѣǧֻƣɢǹɺֱ˺ë
ģ̌ͷ¥ķȥסǧǣѹӾ¥ϡǧȴֱ˦˾褵ֳֻ֣ƽһĿ¶⣬һһĶֻθӻȥͺúõĴӵߡǻǰ
İϷ߾ߡһʬȥģ
Զ㡣ݷĶ̾˳ֱǧƿֻĵ⡣
ǧǰݷ㣬ֿһ۱ݷ㻤ֻĺ޾ķ̺
漴һתȥ
ǧĨ񣬳֮Ǳģһֿ¥ΪǮлڱµļŮһ㣬ʮֵĲ
Ǻ֣ΪʲôôķӦ
ǾõͲӦúһ߰ɣ
ڷ飬ʲô֪Ҳ֪ǧΪôصɱ
ȴ֪ǰһҪˢǱĬĬĶˢӡ
ֻӣߵ褸ǰɫ̹Ȼ뾰һˢӡ
ڹһˮպˣСȥԡɣˢݷȴֻеӣֻ
ǧعͷһĻеıԽŨءǿֻ񣬾ͬһѰѷУֻĹͷȥһ㡣
˿һۣٵӣͻС飬Ѿ֪ˣдһţϷյˣ̴һֱҲƴǵˣ˱㵢
ȥˡ
ƴԲǰ˳˱ֱͦΣһͣѾµдʲôƴ̴֮ǰѾһˣٴδ򿪣̴ȻúֱðƴǣС˵㻹ûе˵ˣֻһԳмòΪܹŪ˵ŮŮ˷ԣ˵һٶϷˣ㣬㻹͹һƨɺ׷ֱҪˡѾǻˣҪиϵӡϵĶˣµ˶ġ˵ˣҹмģأԣԣĻ
ǸСѾ·ˣ͸Ұڰ·ϡȻҵĵؽʱ㿴ôʰ㣡̴֮ʿˮСеµġ

366 

ӣˡ
ƴ΢΢һЦֶ̧յһڣ߽㣬ҵ˽ĵؽ磬Яǰȥʺõġ
ӣ⹬ǿЦ̴Щսս˵
ǿЦ𣿡ƴǷʵˣǧɣл˵
ǹɵˡϷˣȻƴִˣ̴ҲûɶȰģɶƴҪ
ǧ߽ݵʱϵɱͺδȫ
ƴָָǰİʣԸ
ģ̌һƴǣֻڴƵ£ī磬ĵŲգԶ˫һģ
ڹеƴȻ
ǡǧƴǸǰֱͦǶȴǵʹģǹ
˵ĻҶˡƴǻﵭĵ˵ţ᲻صǧͷǧ˼ЩƮ
ӣ¡ǧ˵ʲô
ƴֱ̧֣˰֣ܶ飬㲻˵ʹʲô֪
ǧһ˫ƴǵȥ˼ƴǻе˼
֪ڱɽׯƴǽŵ
ǧɫ˲ͱһ£Ҳסӡǵʱһʱ֪ӦðѻСȥ
Һܸл㣡ƴһ䣬ǧЩȡ
㵱ʱˣԶʶһ档Ҳʶ滨ҲǲҺڵĹ¡ƴɫĴһһϣ
ǣͷβıԾûбϹᵽǸŮˣûǧʵϣǴŷߺ޵ġ
ĺܲףǵãϹǰӸΪһٷŵԼϣ˻ص˵ۣ
Ҳ֪ϹΪʲôˣƴ΢΢ͷǧķȥ
²ӵ˼ǧ΢΢ۣԴɻ
ΪĸԸĸһȥԸΪ˽ǿŮˣԲҪҶȥ𣿡
Ϊʲôֻ
Ϊϲңƴ˵仰ʱ򣬴ǲɵķһĨΣܸҪˣ
ʲô𣿡ǧʵ
ǣĺߵһⲢҪһسԭ򣡡
ԭۣ
ǧٴüݷ㣿
ǵʹ롣ۺ֮ĹϵãȻۻϲ
ǧô鿪ʼԽԽˡ
ݷӦûûȫָ䣬ֻԼۺ֮ǰӦЩʲôݷ㾿ûлָ䣬ֻݷԼ֪
һ඼ݷֻߣֻ׵ܵܣֻݷָ䣬ҲŪ֮Ĺϵƴֽ˵ԸһȥҪԭ򡣵ȻˣҪΪݷʧȥ䣬뿪ţпġҪƴƽ
͵˵š
ΣȻ鲻еⲻֻΪһ˲𣿡ʹȷʵϲϲۣΪۣô궼ûм޳ȥǸʱ۹Ѿ˵أļ嶼
ûκΰ취Ϊʲôʧ٣˵Ҳֻ֪֪ܺ峤ѡ˾ѡйϵƴǴĽĽ˵һǧȻЩһ֮ʣǱߣΪ͸¶̫ܣ˭Ҳ֪ʵʲôҪôһصȥ飬Ҫô͵
Լָ䣬Լ˵
˵ģҲһڻߣռ̫ǿˣ
˵ǼٵģݷȷʵǱġƴ˵Цһ£ҾͿԲӭȢҲÿǷʲôˡ
ܵһ˵ƴֻ֪ȥϲҲࡣ
Ҳ֪ʲô
ҪֻҪ
ΪС㲢¿˵ǧƴǵĽͣǾܹܡǧ㲻ң㲻֪Һͻܽ顣Ҳ֪Һ֮䶼˵ʲôԣĻɣǻĲǣƴ
Ķǧ˵һ𣬵һϲңڶǾǸˡҲܵݷһ˺ңҲôǱȫµҲԸ⣡ƴûн⣬ƽĿǰǧôļᶨ

367 Ǹ

ֻΪ˲ݷԸֻ֪ĿӶܵ˺
ǲǻˣֻ֪ȵǱƲ˿ʼֻѾΪǸˡ
ǣһʱ嶯ˡǧĵеǹͺࡣ
ϡʱҵƻʱɽ£ɾ
ֻݶϣĴķ½ǡҪ뿪续ܽˣԺ󻹻ֻԶٻˡ
ԽҪúõĿܽ򣬽ܽӳ뵽ԺС
ݷվڲԶֻܽ
ҿԺͻС㵥˵仰𣿡ǧ䵭⧲ĴݷԴһתǧͦεӰѾվݷǰ
ֻתͷǧ¹սϵ飬㵭ҪҵĻˣҵġҳܵĻû飡
ֻм仰Ҫ˵ǧǰһݷסǧ
ݷȥ˯ɡֻݷ
ݷоĿһǧ֮󣬱һԾݶ
ǧߵֻĸǰֻȴǲûдǧӣԴǰܽҹ
ϲ𣿡
Ҳ벻ϲҪ֪ƴǣҹƶ㶼Ӧþϲˡֻռƴʱӡ
Ǵٵٶʮֵƥ䡣
оΪġ
һˣ˭Ķ
һֱ֪ӵʵòǧֻô˵ֻ˵ġ
֮ǰмҲûиҿֻʵ
뿪֮ûдӵϢǧɻʵ֪Ϊʲô˻ջ֮ǰеĶǲڶ˼ȥ˼һԶܻˣֻͽ˱ѡҼȻѡ뿪ƴˣ
ΪҪȥϢȻԼѹأǸʱǲϲҶиġ
ֻӶĻشǧ׵ĴԼĵ׵ǡ
ղһ˵̫ˣҲûи״ǸǧһһֻǸ
ղŻһνֻǧ仰ֱЩˡ
ǧֱ䣬ûˣôܾô׵ĽǸ˵ڡ
ģΥĵģϾƴǵĶô飬ǧ˵ĻȻǧǸҲǲܡ
ҴΥĵ£Ҳ˵ΥĵĻǧֱֻ۾ϣβҪʧˡ
˵ǧֱתȥ
һ£ֻǾܴǧ仰ֱһ漣
ûʲôµĻİ뿪ƴǶôģֻǧգ۾ȻԵλá
ǧһֻĵǸλãȴһֻԶλ۾Զ֪ʲô
뿪ƴû͵͵ҹҰŮìܵġ
ϲʱͲϲϲʱȴϣ͵͵ҹ
ûУǧǸɴĻصֶ֮ûһ¡
ôݣֻˣҲԡƴǵˡ
ݣӵĿڲһǧ
Ҳĺݵ㣬㣬Ҿ߲ˡλõģҲߡȻҲŲȥأʱҲٰ֮
ô֪ģǧɻˡ
ϦദģǱ˵̴Ҳңƴǵ೤ߡ
Ϊһӣԭ㻹ͦϸĵģʱǧѾû֮ǰôӲˣǻ˲١
ҪһˣҾͲȥ˺𣿵ʱҪˣҾͿԵõˣĵĹˡ
ӿûô㲻ȣӲ˳ķͷӦ׸ˣ
ֻһֱǧһұˣڿǧһܶˡ
ֻһۣȴʱͻȻʲôһ˫ԴŽǧϲϵתš
ʵ˵ӶûйɱģôûУؾǵ·ӾѾôŪˡǧ˵⣬תͷ˫һֻ˭֪þϾܵ
ӵӪˡ
Ȼҳɹҵɫı⣿ֻΪܣΪٵĵ
ǧֵݹһֻ㻹Ҫ
˵ģǲǾΪҵòԲƴֻһиоŮ˶ûأֻڽ⳶صϣɵʵǧһ£̶ֻе˼ЩɻĵѾˣ

368 ƴǵĲȫ

ǧ仰ֻ֪˵Ļˡ
ȴûжı飬ԾЦţһνǰȻѾһˣȻҪѡ̹˰
ȻӶѾ鶼ֻ˵¶˾ĺֻһġ
Ҳ˵ֻҲҪӹһӵġ
⣬ԸӼ꣬˵ģǶϷǧĵԽķ
ʲôеϼ갡Ӳֻио𣿳֮⣬κŮ˶ûиоֻ̽ſܴܲǧ׳
ҪǧĻȴûм򵥣ֻôʣǧȻڶ˵һ䣺ԣû
ֻǧ˵ȥǧȴתͷվǳ󺣵յʱˣҪȥϢˣһһҪ·
㲻һ𣿡Ҳһ߰
Ҫϻȥǧһֻ˵ǰȥ
ֻǧȫûڽȥ˵˼ЩżˣһվֱӾûվȡ
ʧȥƽ⣬ۿҪǰȥ
ǧۼֿסֱֻֻۣҲ˳ץסǧǡ
Žµʯͷѵ֦ݶϹȥֻһˤȥƨɺƵˡ
ŵصĻʮ£ǲܼˡ
ǧֻûˣɿֱֻֻۣȴ˫ץǧ䣬档
֡ǧ߱Ŀڡ
ǣ㻹ûشҵأֻعͷԼץǧ䣬ȴûзֵ˼֮ȻѾ̹ˣֺαңǧҲͷһۣ¹ֻһ˫СָԼɫ
ɰ
ǧüͷ΢΢һ塣
˵Ҫڵȼ꣬ǲҪȵƴǵĶˣҲſкӣֻҲǸˣǧ˵ֻüա
֪ңǧһ֤ɲǸ֤˵ÿһ仰ġ
ΪƴǴСͱĻ¶ܳΪˣҲǲԼĺӡ
ΨеϵĶˣУ
Ҫٰʱ䣡ꡭ꣬һŮ˵õʱΡ
ҲʺŮĻƽʱΣⲻǺ𣿲˵ҪƴǵĶˣָܻԼԹܣԼŮôƫƫȴиоȻŮȻûиоأҺ֪
ԭ򰡣ֻץǧ䣬ûſһĿǧ
ǧüͷֻС־ǲԸɿԼ䣬ش⣬ֱ˦һ㡣
о˺ܾãʼҲ𰸡ǧûȥֻΪ㴳ӪʵʱʱպöˣԲŻĽ
֮ûƵʵ𣿡ֻҲƴˣС߿϶ȴŮġ
ֻΪòʹ̼ƴǣȻܵġǧɫȴһ±ôôΣյʵ飿ϴΪ㴳룬ѾʧȥܳһʱŻָҪӳʲô
˭𣿡
˵ǧһ˦ӣתȥ
ǧƢ˵
ϴҲǹⴳȥİԼز
ֻݶһԴȴǧǼ仰
ҲȥƴˣǣƴǶ£̹һУΨһֱ
׷ԭʱû˵ȴᶨŵֻһˡ
ƴǲҰɣǺòһѾܲһʧȥˡ
ʼնҪ˵ģ
ƴʼն˵ֻǴǳԺ˵Ļɾԭƴǡ
ΪȵǸʱ˵Ͳһˡ
ǰ̹ף׺˵Ǿƭˣ
ںһ죬ȱݡǰԼȱݵɻ˵ǳƭ
ƴΪ⣬ǰ׿ڸ
һӶòˣ⡣ܣ
ûϵֻҪƴڳǰǰһ̹׶ûйϵڵƴǻûаȫУĵȣ㹻ʱ䣬Ҳ㹻İȫУ
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ֻһ£뷢ʲôµʱ¶Ŀ޽ﴫ
С㡭С㡭¶Ŵ¥ˤѪʧĽšӣ㲻ϲС㣬ҲС㰡¶Ѿʡµ̧ͷˮֱߵĿŴ¥ƴǵ

369 ˵

ֻݷÿһĻЩ㵵Ŀһµƴǡ
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ǧ;ҲˣǰһĻǲ⡣
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̴ڸһ򵥵ļ֮󣬱˲ǵĺˮƴǵãûײͷǣˣûص䣬⿪·֮ܲ
С㣬С㣬ǧҪ°¶һԣűײͷѪɫ԰׵޵ʮֵġ
褣С㱧طȥϸСĵҪ״ƣԷ˵Сˡ̴ž
褶̴ָʾСĽϵ
ʼƴǶδ˵һ仰
ƴǣոշʲôˣֻǰʵ
ƴǻȥ¶ƴǵʱƴȴû˵ƴǵɫãŵųһƬأɫˮĴղңҸԡ꣬ûݣվ˵ġ˵ҪʲôֻϣܹǰһҪĻرԶ˵˵ţǰҪסҡǡ¥ж㿴˼룬
ҾͶ㿪ˡû뵽ûվȾ¥ˤȥˡ
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ȻƴǲûǾ仰ȫص㶼ˣˣһ뵽С֮䲻ֹһˡ
ƴ߬ȭͷͷϵһͻһ޾ͺڰͬȾһһīһ㡣
һѾסֻѩ󣬽Ƶϣű㡰žһصĽŹ
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ӣ¶ƴЩŻˣϵ鿪ʼЩæԵ
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ƴߵǰӴⴵķ磬ɢڼͷīɽͰͦεĹ⡣
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376 ƭҺ

ۡݷ૵֣һ˫续üĿŬĻǰһС
ҽۣݷջ⣬ǰƴǡ
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˵һ飡ʼƴǶ˵ģɣ֪ͻ֮飬ȴ˵ļ顣ǣûСǸʲôӵˣôܻȥ檣ϲ㣬Ҳᣡ̫ʲôˣԣ͵͵ϵĹǵѣ֪ŵѾܽ򣬵ȴĴڣȴһֱû֣С˾ģҪس
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377 ԭһ

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378 ϲ

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379 ˵˵ǰ

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380 ǧĹȥ

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382 ˵ֻĻ

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⹬ֿɲôúƵġ
ȻҼ޹˵а취ƴ޳ָһ档
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389 ޹ϸ

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仰ϵƺƴǵһͻȻãȻǸ֪ƴ仰ʲô¶ȴʮֵĻţƴǸǰסƴǵȥ·ӣ˵ʲôҪȡСĻ£ⳡŵ˶֪
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ˡһ¡ƴȴʲô𣬵ʱһҪͻȥһҪһʱ䡣ԣҴŻһЩ뿪ɡһװ·
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ҲģֻһֱԸϺԶѡ
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㵣ںҲȻȻ˳ڹѰĲ¡ڹҲʱ档ÿڸȥ㹬￴Ķ䣬ֻÿβܳһʱ
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392 лͰ

šһֱС㵱ҵĵܵܿҲ֪еɵɵģһЩ鷴ӦȽϳٶۣҲȽû˵ĻĴûϲҡһֱΪ˾ɵеĺãֻΪةฮС㣬ةฮǸֻɵЦˣƴⷬʱ
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ϣԾɲݷӰֻ˯֮ݷϲԵʶϣһͳԵ
ƴȥѰݷҲûݷӰ
Ͼ꣬ܽɽôЩܽɽҲϤݷĲĻǻĲҵ
Ȼ˵׾ͻ˵ڻûסԻ㲻̫ġʲôµġƴǰοֻ
ϣɡ⻹ǵһݷ㳹ҹδ飬ֻЩϰߡһƴһֱߣҲͣˣȻʧˣڴϷȥ˯ţǺ̴򿪵İҩҲȻû˿Ч

ݷˣˣ˭ûڼݷӰ
ֻֻҪһпգͻȥݷƽʱȥĵطȥʼնһ
ƴΪҪæŶ飬Ҳû취ʱʱ̵ֻ̿ߡǧŶɣҹɫڣɴɫҶķ϶涵Ͷƴ޳ˣڴǰ¹һīһŨ
Զ
ӣǧ̴ˣ𾪡
׼Ǹطܲȫƴζ˵ţҲи˱˽ܽ򡣡
̴üͷϸƷζƴ仰ѵ˵𣿵ѾʧˣŶʱһϸܣô֪أ
ϣҶˣǷǻСһɡƴ̾һӣǾǸطȫ»¸ѡһĵطޣʵڲס˵޾Уȫǽַھӣƴר
ŶʱͻȻ߻𣬻߳ʲôһ󹷷ͣרŶƴӰ졣
֪޲ȫֻҪлڵĵطҾͻúܰġ
ӣ򲻿鿪ЦǶ϶ϲŶġСҲסСӵٰ֪Ǽ
ǱѻȥɣƴǳƬ̣
ɽϵóȽ϶ֻ࣬Ϊݷ飬ûô˯þ˺ҹδȫȥʱƴǱ㱧˯ֻصޡ

393 ݷ

ӡ߽ſʱǧȷſһӰƴͣ
ǸżϵӰҲǲ˿Щƣ۾
һƴǣվǰѻСʲôطȥˣδݷԵЩ㲺ƣϸһƬơϵ·մȾŲٵӲݣۿ
Ҳ˺Ѫ˿
ԻСʲôݷҪƴǣȴǱסȥɽˣ֪֪ɽж඾㿴ֱϱӶҧİ
ݷż͵ǣۿеĺѪ˿Ըˡ߽һС
ʼնĸǰȷʵǷסһ̴úչ˻ġȻˣȻȥϢϴһ°ɡֻӦûܸˡƴݷ
ô˵Ĳһ塣
ֻһ䷿䣬궾ʱ򣬵ȵȥʱ򣬻Ѿ˯ˡ
֪ϻᱻӶôһ
ݷ㲼Ѫ˿ӣǷŭĿƴǣ˫ס˫֣ڼеŭ
ÿݷأۿžҪ;褴ʱ
ֻȴĵ۾ƴǵĻ˹ʮƣ۾ڿݷʱ򣬱һ¾ʹƴǵĻ
С㣬⼸춼ȥʲôطˣ㿴㡭ֱֻܵݷǰݷȥӣۡȻݷȴֱסֻֻ֣ۡϸֱϣ˱ӶҧָӳĺӡǱӶҧİͬСɽһ
ںɫӡϸ߸߹𡣡ֱôôҲСȥʲôطˣΪʲôڲŻһҹһΪˡݷЩ˻Ƶǽ
ƺϧָоһֱԼϧĶȴ̣һ㡣
ǧ˵ܣҪǰƴȴҡҡͷôأôᶪһ˾ءƴȥɽ￴ˡſҾ˯ˡֻһѣݷ΢ۿԼ
ɽüеĹĺ͵ǣȫдϡ
ҸѬôţ֪ɽܳˡݷͷֱֻɽ¡ӰĶܺ
͸Ϳҩס˵ݷֻ־ͳȥѹȥΧˡ
ƺֻһֻ
ƴҲûȥ赲
ֻʱͷһƴǡ
ӣǧƴǶ˵
ûпܵҲ۾ƴĬĬɤ͵͵˵š
ڣݷȡҩ£סֱֻۣһ߸ֻͿĨҩһĴš
ץͿҩ˯ʱֻ˯ֻ֮ˣôӰֱϣ㲻ȥץһץһ
ֻ׼ȥץͱݷָץסˡ
С㣬춼ȥĶˣֻƴƣ̬㲵̬ĵţ˺ܾãûҵ㡣
ûȥĶϪˮĿšݷ̧ͷֻ΢΢һЦĨЦͬɽȪˮһ𣺡ţţҾˡС㣬ƴ˵ˡȻص֮ڹÿεʱ򣬱ڹˡһ»ҹ￴Ρֻ
ݷ¶ĨЦݣ̤ʵˡ
𣿡ݷ㵹Щ⡣
ôֻеţһβĻҸƴ˵˵һôʱҲȥ㰡
ҾùˣܺáݷĻشֻ־ϲ
Ҳˣ֮ǰةฮͺˡֻҪܼ㣬к˵Ļͺáݷ˵ͷҲܲ
𣿡ֻӿˡ
šݷĵ˵ͷЦǰġɾ
һûгԺðɣھȥϲԵʶֻá
ϲˣ˶ܹߡ
ֻӣվҪȥһת㿴ƴվ⣬ҡӰƴǵϣһƬĬˣҲҩûȥطûбӶİϸ꣬úϢɡݷҲվҩݸֻ
Ȼһվƴǡ
֮˳ȥƴǲʱ΢΢ͣһ£ջǳԼķȥƴȴתݷĽŲݷȥķȥ˫ƽڵ˫ȴ˲ųɽ䡢

394 뿪ܽ

Сո˵ĻҲˡֻǰոҲǿϵӰԲŻôҵģ㲻Ҫȥ
ƴǻعͷɫˮĴһ£ʯ⶯˶ԹһĨܡ
뿴ֱֻϾӶ˶ֱֻٰ۶ѡ
ʲôֻܿһŰӰվǰ
ԽǺֻദԽʧȥһЩʮֵߵôæûпǵɽϵӻô࣬ôҲǲӦðɽȥġƴȥסֻ֣뵽ָֻձϺ
ҩɵıְָջˡֻ㽫ϵҩƷƴǵϣȻ㻹վֱϵӰСǰϺҩˣϻϻкü
ҧİأˣҩɣ
˵ֻƴǳ¥ȥ
ʵƴܵӦûзϱӶҧӰ
ѾѸ뵽Ķ뵽ˣѾղŵķѬӵ㣬ɽ̫̫࣬ˡ
ƴȴסֻ
һʲôطġͿԼžͿˡֻΪƴ˵˵
ȥɣƴȴ˵˯ڵķ䡣ʱ̫ˣֻһͷͲɵĴ˯ȴǿѵϵֻһɫĽͼĶǶ¶Ψ
ֽµĺ󱳡
ӯӯһյ֫ˮ
ȻһɫĻ棬ȴӲǱϺüӶҧİƻˡ
ϸҲֻɽӾǶ¡Сɽȴռֻİڽɽ
ҲֻԼ̰Ѭӵ޹ȣ㽫ϵȹ˿Щжִӣ굽·档ǰ
ƴָֻĺ󱳻Щһ¡Сɽ֮󣬲ɵ̾һ۵ôҧôࣿ
šֻĻشš
ƴǵָģȥЩ
Ȱץץˡֻ˼£Щ¡ӰǰЩӵʮ˴ʺһ顣
ץô۵Ƥץˣպ˰ô죿ƴǵָٴδֻĺһһѾµȷӰλá
һϧĻƴȴһ˵
ֱֻЦȴǵֲڵС˯棬۾һգһգġ
ƴմ˱ĸ״ҩָͿĨֻӰϣ˿˿ĸоټƴữָ״ҩĶ
ֻЩӶҧİûôˣʮֵʡ
ﻹƴǶĨһ
ط𣿡ƴǰͿĨ֮ʵ
šֻһʰ̣Ȼ󺬺˵һȡ
ƴǼֻ룬ҲûǾĸλˣֻһıèצһ£ܿƴǱ㽫ͷѹȥˡ
ƴһһֻϴţǱӨֵļУȴ֮㣬Ľĵѹȥͷָò
Ȼ˿̵ֻȴǻȻ֪˯üΪ̤ʵ
ƴǸֻͿĨҩ֮󣬱˯ֻԣȶǳĺֻεĹһĨЦ
ӻδѣ̴̫ͷˣȴδƴǴ¥
ǡˡǧ˵ͷ̧ͷһЩ۵̫һ죬̫ö
ҿδأԶиţԸأ̴Ȥ˵š
ǣӽ粢δԼķ䣬ȥ˻Сǧͷе˪ȴûбһ֡
ǾͲѹˡ̴Ц˵ӻδѣɡ궾˶ȷʵҪúһա
ԭҲڱ˵ЩȤҵĻƴˬʶԽҶ洫˵ˬ
̴źЦţֱĨͦοߵǰ̴ǧ΢΢ҾȻˣǱ㰴֮ǰļƻɽɣ
ƴȴ΢΢һЦΣǧȷԸɽǵˣ̡
ȥ붼ֻ֪δѡ
ǡǧ˵ͷ
пݷĶ𣿡ƴֿʵ
ڳǧص
䣬ƴǱ㳯ųķȥǾҪ뿪ܽˣʰһ¶ɡȻˣǾһɽƴųĶжϳݷڵλáԽ˵

395 Ҿȵ

˵Ҫ¡͸´µݷ㿡ϡ
ƴ䴽ǡ
ľӪһȫ׷ˡαװݷ㣬Ȼӵɾ˿Ĳˮ
Ϊ㣬ɱҵģݷ˵һ䣬ұдһĨ⡣Ϊңǲеˣƴϸ룬ʱȣȴҲΪһܵˣԼദʮʹɱ

Ҿȵ㣬Ϊ˾㣬ҺεĹݷȴǺתɤ᲻˵ţϲûжٵı飺ʱþġ
ƴǽŴ֪ݷ˵ĻǼ١ȻǱۡʱϲԡȥ԰ɡݷ㽫õı۶˵ƴǸǰȻѡ㡣Ҳĸ㣬ϣܺúչҲϣڳ
ֽһĻˡ
ݷĻȥٲȻһи
ȵңƴǶݷݹıۣоˮȴ־òǡѾҪˣѵѻø𣿡ݷʪ̺ɽ軨Ĵ΢΢ԵЩˣǣøΣȫ
ҺϦദһ꣬ϲ֪
ҲˣҵģǿҲûáݷ˶٣˫ұ⣬һƬѾһ㡣
ԣͻ߰ɡҪ⣬ЩҪݷɤ͵ͳ˵š
ɱ𣿡ƴƺϤݷ뷨һ㣻ҪɱҲҪȵȡԺ󡣡
ɱͶˡݷк⣬Ⲣԣֻ֪һЩ¡һЩֻ֪¡
ĺ𣿡ƴȴʵ
ĻݷĺӵĻݷпܻ顣
Ҳ֪ݷһ仰
ܽɽ֮󣬱Ծûǵ¶ҪܽҪһЩⶼܽܵķΧ֮ڡ
ݷһ᲻Σհֻ˿Ծɲĵš
˴ûǸšƴᶨ˵ţζĵݷ书ҪةฮʱҪǿˡ
ֻ˵ͷţֻҪܹȻҲܹƽǾá
ݷһ׵İˡ
ƴǺݷͷ۵⣬ô׾ٵĽˣѹеǿʯͷҲûˡ
оɡ˲١ƴֻһֻߣһ·ҴȽ٣ҰһЩҪƤģһһ
κʱ򣬶뿪ҳ׵ľ롣Ҿһôµ𣿡ֵֻķţȻյƴǸǰЩίĵѲɾΪȹӣ»ӡˣ

ΪԼһƤˣһᡢĴҹ㣡
̫áƴסֻ°ͣһž󲿷˶ϲ
Ȼ次ĵŮӸӵĿ⡣
ģǻǱȽϲֻΡѩȥöִŮӡ
Դһɳɵ鳺֮ܳöޣζĵŮӣվǰȫס
ġ
Ǽȹӣûص֮ǰ㲻ö׼óƴǻ˵ţȴֳ޵ĳ硣
ֻգ۾һͲʵˡֱһбԴ㿿ƴǵļϣǼȹҶû
רҿģΪβƴˣȴЩˣֱֻ۵һ¡
ͣǻȥȥȡ
˴ˡֻһæ˵
СƭѰҿġƴֱֻ֪˳ƶ£ͳֻѨȥ
ֻЦϵĴдһִ˺ƴǵ
ࡢˬʵЦٲȻɽȪˮ˴һ
ܵδƴöˬʵЦǾʮֵϡ档
ƴ˰죬ֻˣſƴǵϣƴǸӡ
Ļζ£˯ˡ
һͷīĳٲɢƴǵϣķ͸ɴȹڡ
纣İ㴺˯Ľգڴӳ£õĲ񻰡ƴǵʹͷָĸüۣǣ˫

396 ҩ

ӴˣˣҪˡ
ſ˯ôá
˵⻳˴ӴԺҪ֣˵˵ЦЦĹһ
Ͳ֪ж໶ϲ
ݷһҩ߽䣬¶ɫ΢΢Щ仯
ҩңԳȥˡ¶ǰĵһƬ壬ǻǴ˵ŻԼ׳
ݷȴǲδеҩ¶ֱ¶۾ɤҺлҪ˵ȥ
񣬷
¶ɫͱһƬɷף˫ȸǲɿƵĶš
ڱϵֲɵĽ߬ûѪɫ˫š
Ҳ˵ڶ顣ݷһѷĵ̼ܸ˵ĺ
ӵʱ¡٣ɪޱȡ
¶ɫѾ԰ֽ亹Ӷͷ
㡭̧ۣͷãȻͬʱ׻п־塣
ݷ㿴һץסǵ˫֣ЦǶҪץˡһĨЦΪаȻôȴһٵĸо
ӱܳѸٵ֫ٺʢģֽһƬ
ҩɡݷ㽫ҩݵĸǰ漴ƿۣ˴ء
һɲȫѪӽŵѸٵӿֵͷ
ɿǣԼ˫ֶȻȥӹݷ˹ҩ롣
ָҩ룬̵̵̱ݷҲʱɿ֡
ҩкɫճҩ㾡ϡ
ļ·ʹõݷ˹ҩȻǸմҩеģʮֹ̡
ǸıԵӦڻ߿ġ
ʱ㾪ţϵʹ࣬ŬҪվΪ״˻ûкãΪһ̣ϵƸˡ
ҩˣȥ㰾ɡݷ㿴ӣЦ˵
վ˳ȥ
¶ĶҲ˽
ʱ¥µ̴Ҳ̸¥鿴
ʲôˣڵϵҩ룬ڿǺˮʹ飬ʵ
ǣū澸ղֻûжȣѹ̵ҩȫСˡ¶Ǳɾëϵҩ
褣ȥһˮ·ϵԼϵı飬֪ҩʮֵĹ̡
Ȳ鿴ϵʱɵļѪɫĺӡӡ
ûãǱ˵ĵطʼˮݣ֪ʱҩжˡū澣ūԭһģֻûסȫõСˡ¶һԣ޵÷ܣϸǿǻиһֿ
塣
ɫѲ԰ֽһ۽ǻ
̴򡭡أ
ڽ糿Ѿ뿪ܽˡСĵҩ˵ļش
Ѿˣ̴ô⣿ܵ˲һͣҲһĨ֡
СϵδϷ;տС㡣̴̬ûжı仯һƬ׺͡
ֻ󱳵Ѿȫ亹ʪմļʮֵܡ
ͬʱȫ͸ǵı׹¡ıһ㡣
̴˵ҩģҡǲꣿݷ߽һѾɹɵҩġ
Ȼע⵽ȴֹǽϵһѾȥİ̺ۡ
ϵĺء
ԣꡣתһۣ褣˽ҩ·һҺװ
ȥɡݷȴ˵ҾСЩ
ʱ۾Ѿд˾
ȫÿͷɶƵĲţȴʲô˵
̴֮߳ϵĹǵѣ˼£ŷͲĹǵѡ
Ĺǵڲ֪ʲôʱ˻ˡ
С㣬С㴵ū澵ġ¶״óԼĹǵѡΪȵĺ£ˡ
Ȼɫȴֽһ㣬԰ײ԰׵ģȫûһ˿
ûõģѾܽˣǵѴǸͽղ˵š
Ȼ˶йǵѣǲͬλˣǵѴԼΧǲͬġ
Сô죿ǸϽ뿪ܽɣߣūдš¶ѾŲ·ˡ
ɱˣ˭ѳȥ𣿡һ˫ѾûκεһƬҰ
С㣬Ҫô찡¶ֱӿ޳ؿھҵţӸ̲һ̱һߡŨܵ£ͣڽˮԡżװŻ𣬶ɢܣעΧһС

397 ᲻

𣿡ãƴǵһŷïĴ
վ⣬ҷ㲻ֻ͸ͷľƴĨӰ΢΢ߺ˵
ǵģҪš
ðҸطվžͽˡ˽ߣˣʲôô죿ƴΪε˵ţȽ˳ǣͰԺ﷽ˡ̣

Уڣʵڷ㲻ֻǲƴҲǺܽǼҲ֪е紵ݶġ
ƴֻͣЦӶûѣô֪㲻
㡭ֱֻվյߵƴǵߣߣߡԶҺܿͺˡֲϣҲʲôɽֵģҹٵԱߡ
ҪҺһ𷽱ˡҲ±ʲôˡƴǱ˵ţֻ֣ҪСȥ
ֻԽգϸ۰մȾ֬һ㣬˵һĨޡ
ʲôֿƴǼֻߣɤӣɤֻ˵š
Ҫֻ˦ƴǵ֣ϵκԽԽˣһߵСŮһ㡣
߰ɣҪˡƴǵͷҧֻİӨĶ˼䣺ǱҰѶ𣿡
ƭˣ㶼Ҫˣô£ȶĶߣĶԼܵļ类ˮһ㣬һƬ糺졣
òУƴԽ˵ɤ繵˵š
ƴǺֻǣֻʱѾӽˮץ㡣
ۡ⽭ˮֻƴߵˮ߾֣ǱƴϴˣֻŽˮ˵᲻з
˵ֻ㿪ʼŽˮʯͷˣˡѾĥ䲻ʱˣҪǰǵģȻǾҪסҰ⡣ϴĵطûСƴ仰ץס
ֻۡʪһʱ𣬾ֱˮȥץзˡ
ԡǾͿЩϢ꣬Ƚ˳ǣԶзС
ʱڻǳзʱءֻץзȤѡ
õݵƴǺֻ֮һԾֻڿܣԭȵˣ۾һȦǿǧһϮ£ͦζֱͦվڸߴܣ߽ʲôⷢ
ܹڵһʱ䷢֡
ľԼȻĴɽ£ԶԶȥǧĨӰԵЩį͹µ
ֻջ⣬һ߳㣬һܵķ羰һ䵽ܵȻʯϡ
ЩȻʯ涼ʮֵƽСƴС
ֻӨ͸ѸһĨ⣬뵽ʲôСӣ漴վߵߣ˼С״õĶʯ
»ʮ·أܵҵ򷢴ʱ䡣
ֻͨĶʯʲôƴЩš
¡ֻһʯϣ֧Դ֪Щʲô
ʲôģƴ۾ȴҲ֪ʯͷ·֮⣬ûôˣҿ˵İɣ
ֻЦһ£еʯ顣ڳԲݣ㲻ʱ˯ʡñԹǰˡƴֻסֻ۵ȵ籡ֻգ
·ĳִһ㣬ȫ͸һ˵ĸо
˵꣬ƴǱ㸩ߪȡʪĴꡣ
ζҪκζζ
ķ磬ʱʱĴΨĻ棬ڰڵĳˮɽС
վϣԼߴȻǿһĻ֮ԾĽĿ䵽𴦣ֻҪȷûκ˻߶￿С
ǰǽ˳ǡסһҸɾĿջֱֻ̱֮˿ջĴϣǶ붯ˡ
Ѿʡˣ˭һ죬嶼ɢ˼ܵġ
ڵֻڴϣչ֫
治֪ô¥֮ǰҪܵģƴǼֻӣֻ͵͵ǳЦšڴߵЦǳ硣
ǸʱҲûѣٿ۶ֻӲඡֻȻƣȴһƬ
ƴеĳ֮ɫ۵ƺҫһ㡣仰ʮϲأֻԣĸĳ˳żͷƵҫ£īȾʫ黭⡣ͦı̵ֻͦǣ˵ҽ᲻ˡ

398 

ֻ߷һĨ۵ЦƴǴһƷڴжΰָţҿĶ붯ˡһҪһ˯ڲҵ֫չ
Ҫήˡ
ִĴͳһһ죬嶼ܲˡ
˵Ŵˡ
ƴֻıǼ⣬΢΢Цţĵã㡣
ӣˡ洫ǧ
ƴվ㽫ϵɡ
ǧ֨ѽһƿţʳзŵ˴ǰϡ
ʲôҪ𣿡ƴǴˮ߳ǧû뿪˼ʵ
ոյ̴ķɸ봫飬ǹС顭ǧƴǵķͳֹ˵š
ӽ뷿俪ʼ۾ʼնδ̧
ʲôҪ飬ԼŰɡƴ˵ţóäȣһһĳǧķȥ
Щʲôˣһθڲ̫ãζ嵭ȽϺáƴһ±ӣ飬ƸӹĽųԵʲô
ӣ¡ǧгɵ˵ţ޲˳ȥ˵Ϊá
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ˡ
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ˡƴǵһָо
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399 ҲȢ

Ҳˣݷָˣ߾ʱпָܻ䡣ݷһ·ݷᱨ֣ʵϣļƲ
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ͿԽΪˡ
һʼʧһЩƬΣԵġ
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ķʽݷ㣬ƾݷһӣݷ֪ĺӣӶ顣ƴǸ˵ֻ꣬˵ҿδѡ֪ݷѾָ˼䣬ֻպݷָ䣬ʹƣԭҪݷ顣Ͼ֮ǰݷôϲݷЩ˽ġţֻҪһݷദʱ䣬ݷϲ
˵ݷ㣬ƻ֮ĸأ
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ߣһŮҳȻ
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ң˵Ҳţŵҡ
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400 ʬ

Һ֪ԭʲôʲôж󣬼ںδ֮ǰɷй䣡ƴֻĶ૵˵ţ˵㲻ֻգұ㣬׵׵ĵһ顣ֻҽҲǴδ¹ҲǴδӴ£Ҳз޸ϹѾĥɵˣ
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ЩƴǵĻ˵ȴһָо
һ˵Щ˶ԴĸطǼĸ塭
أʲôֻƴǵĻЦš
ǵûнǵģˣûκν
ȻнЩ˰·ԴġģЩҲǽִģôܲõ
µ㻹ԸңƴѾѻ˵ôˣֻȻû˵˼
ֻһǷ㲻ǶѾµֺαң
ԵʱֻˤʱѾˣǽʬꣿƴֻô˵Ƕ϶ԼĲ²⡣
ӲЩֻòš
һ˵˼ΪѸıģֻ˼ΪٲȻ֮ǰǸֻżΪĲࡣ
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ȻƴǵϣɫѸٵıһ¡ƴǻû仰ֻһƴǵıӣô˵ɾ֣ûֻأ̳Ⱥ
Щ֮˵Ҫнʬ꣬Щ𣿿ˣ»һ壿ֵЩСϰգ
ƴǱֻôһŷԼֱֻϷˣˣȴʣΪΡͻȻѽֻ֪һƯƤңȴ֪һϽڷܵġ֮ǰǲҽҿѧһЩˣΪֺġģֻ˵Ҵḻһ˾ͻд󳹴ĸı䡣ǰı仯ֻ˵Դˣĥѣ˺ܶĵҲ֪
Ҫʲôֱֻƴǵ۾̵˵š
ƴԾɴһ˿ɻ󡣰Űɵš֪ʲô𣿾˵˸Ըʹദܹ֮гκϰദ˵Ҳһˡֻٴθƴ
һ͡
ΪıϹĥһɵֻΪ˻ѣΪ֪һЩӦ֪顣
ֻԽŷ
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ݷ㱳¨׼ɽȥҩ
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¶ȱ˵ĵطһţһ߸Сĵҩ
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ɡڶݵ֮ջǴ³ôһ仰
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ˡ
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ʧ˯ţ˯š
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𣿡ƴǵֻıǼ⡣
ȻˡֻŲΪ˼һ˵ԭأҪĻԺͺðˡԺ˯ţҾͶ㼸أֱιȥΪֹƴǸԽԽȵϢµֻ
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˫媡ˮ£ԽĶˣĻ
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ƴϸζһֻĻ˹ǱֱӽħץֻҸ£ǰɣ
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ţһֱԼĽŵף͵
ôѧţһְɣֻúɻе
Ѿߣȡô£ƴǳЦֻСԴʫѡȡһЩϲȡñǡȡһֻ˯ѣԴµģʲôʫʣһֶǲ

402 ֳ

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Ϊ֮ǰЩСѾˣȴû뵽λС㾹Ȼ͸ϵŮһ㣬ֱŲ۾
ֻȴ⣬Ҳһºɻݡô˵أͨȴͿ͵ģһǸʵֵѾߣһ۵ĸоҲʮֵ֪СҪʲô٣ױǰͭӳֳ˵ݣúɻԽľ̾ϾȻٵŮӣһҷ
˵ӻȴӻµһƬ
ģԽԽáֻԼķͳν̬ȡ֧Դɻĸʲôֺأ
ɻʵ̫ˡ
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ūлСɻ̹񡣡ˣûôأöʲôġȥԷɡֻһͭеԼһ綼⣬βķٿȥ
ôˡߵԾţƴڴߣǺܵεδһ˪ɫҶƵۣ󡢵֮ɫǸջ
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Ȼҡҡͷūһͬ÷
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ϣһЩС
ƴǷڱǼţڴǵЦݣһĨůһ㣬Ϊģůǡ
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оҹǳκβˣҶܳ뷹ˡƴǺŵ˵š
Ҳϻ𡣡ָֻƴǼһЩˣιƴǵС
緹ûԣһˣЩ԰ɣԼƴ˿ӣһǴŹ͵ֻߡ
ҶˣҲúֻܶɨһϣָƴιһڲˡ
ûһֻƴ˱ڴ֮ͥ£ιٲȻÿջĿɿڴԭ˵òѾ˵Ŀˣιֱȫջ˶ԷˣͿٯٯһ꣬һĻι

ҪǷϣѾҸϳȥˣʵ̫аհˡ
˭˵ֵأ塢š˾ÿȥһֳųԷĽѧһܡ
һٷ˳ԵĿν㣬쳣
ֵĻص˷С滹꣬һһСģҲ֪ʱͣ
ԣȥǧȥЩȾϻɫԽԽáԱˣҲ˯ˣȻֻͿʼԼˡҪȾʲôĪҪЩʯͷƴǼֻʯͷҲһаš

403 ĸԷ

ǽͿѻֻƴһʣȥ˯ɣһܰġ
ƴ繵Цһ£ǵЦЩζѾöûлˡ֮ǰϹܻˣȻҲǲܻˡֽϻǻطԵľֻֽƴеһЩСʧ䣬ÿοһּҵ

ǣҵĺƴһķϺöˣҲȥúõĸϰϰˣմäĳ
һоҪͿѻЩʯͷƴڴߣʼϰЩƴ
εδ֮⣬ܰ˸ԶŸԵ飬˭Ҳûд˭Ļ浹Ҳľʡ
С㣬ǧ˵ֻӵķԸҪȾϵĻȥ򡣡ʱ˽ֻǰ˵š
ֻѾҪʯͷͿѻʲôͼˣȴǵôһϢ
ǧʹ
ֻתͷһŭĿƴǣǽǧĲйƴǵϡ
ˣǧӡԸȥǡƴǳ˼䡣
ֻȴǲˣ֮ǰǳأֻһ˵ĻôҲҪǺǵķϣҸСæɣʵ˵ǧĹϵӦһЩڵİɡܽӴ֮࣬ǰӱɽׯܵʱҲǧߵġҺüǧҲ˵

һת飡Сæľܾˣ
ƴЦЦЩΣ˵ǧӣͲҪƽˡ
һζûСֻ˾ͣǲǺϵйء
ԭȲġƴΪǧ˵һ仰㲻ǵ֮ǰ˵𣿡
ǵãȻǵãΪǵãǧһӶҪǸӰУܿԱһЩܼİ
ˡʱº̴ڳǧҪɱǶû𣿡ֻȴͻȻ¡
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ʲô˼ֻʵ
ʱǧ˵һ֮ǧԼȥº̴ȻȥˡʱǧӺ붾ҩƴϧ˵š
ǧı飬ֻǱԼסʵһ壬Ҳˣ
ֻ֧ԴԭȻˣǧͬͿˡ
Ů˾ôĸԷġôǧӲǶǧ飬ǧദУǧҲ˸顣ǧĳˣȴҲϲˡȷŲгޣȴҲû취赲
ǧĸ顣Żѡ˽Լͺӵֻϸ󣬵óһ˱ݵĴ𰸣ΪԼ˱ҲǳȫԼ⡣
Ҳ֪ǧס
Ȼ׵ġΪףŻӡ
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һһСƴСĶʯֻǱ汻Ϳѻưѡ
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ȻͿѻֻ֮˷ŵеġ
漴ǧ߳˷Уֱľͳƴǵķȥ
С㻹ǸͯģЩʯͷϡѲߵһһͿѻʯͷĽ̸š
Сϲ⣬Ȼ̫ȤֻǾˡ
ǧ̸ǧ߹еʯͷ
СΪʲôҪЩǧšС£ȾʯͷͿѻȤ֮󣬾ôʯͷ̫أòԹｫЩʯͷøЩ˵ǡ
ʱãһ˵Ѿ̲סЦˡ
˵ЩʯͷһЩ߻㣬ͿѻʯͷϵЩͼǱ˿ˣǻȡЦǡ
ʱΪǧ㲻ڣ±ŵķС֮һ˵ǧеʯͷ˷Ըǵ£ҪҿǽͷӶ졣

404 ɱ

ʱѾҹŨҹīкڵһǶûС
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ϵȴʱ۾ŴӴΪ˲κζ
˵ֱӴӴ˵棬Ȼ˫֧ţһһ˴ǰ
΢磬ľϣɢڼͷһͷī
ŴԵӣ˴̨ŴµһƬڣһһ۽ǻ
۾ʹ;Ӵ̨ȥ
ͷµˤȥΪԼһˡ
Ȼеʹûг֣׹ȴ뵽һУĴЩϤ
ۣ˽ľУҲֻµĿԷǹƾȴҲϳ˭
ûκεľţҲûйı飬ɫʮֵƽ㲻Ѿǰ㲻ǺΪʲôҪң
ݷȴЦһӶ¥ˤˤУڻԸաж˽ңҾж˽㡣
漴ݷɿֱ֣ӽ˼Ӳʯ·ϡΪʲôֱøƣ㻹浽ʲôʱ򣿡ݷһĵӰҹоһɫ
ǰš
ˤϣûзκʹĽ˫š
Ϊ˵ĽײӲʯľʹ亹һ±ˡ
ΪϼС㣿¶ֻߵһѾô򵥣ȴʱƽȴƽȴ͸¶ľ
ң㲻ݷתͷŵϵҲš
ȴЦˣȻȴЦôıۣ֪֪ҲϼŮֻһöӶѡ
˵ʲôݷԵú⡣ĸȻ꣬ǵŵϼѪֻһϼûһ˿˶ѡѵԼӵÿ˵һƺĪʹһ㣺ΪҴͷ˵ϵԣΪһˣΪҿ𣿲ǣǼ
ôġ
ݷԭΪԼ֪еʵ࣬ȴû뵽Ȼһת
˵ʲôȻϲϳϼˣȴעһСӶĹڳˣŶ书ĺòϡȻֻһƲ⣬˭Ҳҿ϶Լȥӽ㡣ܹŵĶ书ͻƵأôϼ½㡣ͻƲˣôһ
ӣԶϼĴţÿһֶᣬ뵽ݷĶУɲһĴ
һʱ˺⣬ǶСʱЩΪʼնãĵĶù
û뵽⾹ȻʼնϼƳһƭ֡
ۿڲ֪ѾˣȻôӴЩ书ؼѧϰô书أһжǼŵġҽӽļƻܳɹңҲʮֵΣȻϲҡѧ츳Ҳûüʧͨ㾡һͻƲ˵أֻ˶̶̵ļͻˡû뵽ǣ㾹Ȼϼ˴ĳ޺ųвӴԺܼңҲȻԸ
ԼϼˣԸڡݷ㴹֣ϵսȻɿֱϵǲ֪ںʱһ͹𣬻¶һµϢУݷĴ
ǳϼ壬ⲢҲԸصϼԭԭΪ㣡
صϼ壬ôݾͳΪø磬ϼĹأǾԲһġݷ仰Цһ£ۿ뵵ˮȴԽԽࣺԣ㹦ԽԽԺ㻹ڱ󴴽Լ֮󡣼Ѿ˷Ĵ㡣Ǽϣܹصϼ˼ֹһεľңԲ˵Լʵݡֻһϼǧ
ݣŻ˼ɡ
˵ô࣬㡭ûжҶһ飿һݷĶȻ˵Ͼڲ֪ʱȾһ̵ʹ
Ͼһȹһοֶõʱ⡣ԺҲһЩáǺڰһƹ⣬ֻƹȴص˺

405 Ҵûѹ

ǲɷϣƹںڰеĹһƹⱾΪպ˺ڵĻ
޷ܣҵƴǣΪϲһ飬ǡϳݣ㲻ܰϼŷĴ֮ף
帩׳ƣǼֻýϣеһϡֱݷ۾۾￴ʹ˱Ҳ˷ŭ
㣬㵽׶ûһ˿飿ݷȴЩԣҲϲƴǡǰÿͷǰáֻϲҵָоѡҲ֪С
˸߹ˣǲϲҵġ
ҲЩݷһס֣קǰʵƴԭǲԸܽġҸҺСʱҵĸ״ҺҵĸҸʧˣҾ￴ǲ
ڽϵ¶ԽԽࣺû뵽㾹Ȼ
ݷ˵ȥ
Ҹ㣬һУΪ㣬𣿡һһĿ˵˫ںӨ˫ֿ
ǡݷ󣬹òŴк߳һȷΪңҪһεĽӽңȻҡݷЦţ˫ںҹīڵͫƺܹһа㣺һƴǣе
ƴǵģһ˵ҵġ㵱Ҳ֪𣿡˵һöӣ¶ҵѾߣǼලҵġôֻôûκηֱݷ۾˵ǰȨ
ҲϼˣҲŵˡҲ㣬ȥıĿǰ״ûСֻһǣߵľżûκѡ
ʲôҾͱʲôɣ˵ҭ˵šҷεĹƴ֮󣬾Ͱƭ֮ģ˵Ҫһ뿪ţһжΪԼֻԼδΪݷ
ڵͫ΢΢һ£ǹɶĺޱ
Ϊ㣬ҶԸľѡˣΪ˻ȴңۣôףգҪһ뿪ŵġΪεĹǱ߱㽵һЩ衣û뵽
ֲһѪֻҪţȥĶ֪ҵ١ʹĵ˵šұ㻹Ҫ뿪ţϼ壬ʲôˡ֮Ҷ˵ĻȫΥĵĻҼھ㣬ҲھԼ̵ˮߵһ۽ǹҲ˵㶨뷽跨һߣҲ书ֱιĴ徫Ӣ۵£ǶҪ

ݷұŨ¶һĨΪӵɫǰ񵱳һ㣬ǸСŮҪıۣ֪㲻ţ˵ÿ仰ġҲϼˣҲŵˡֻһ󱻼СŮѡһ
ˮ˳۽䵽Ĵ꣬Ȼ뵽ĴУǰĿɬ
ݷԾһԲŵĿ㶼֪ܽʱжôĸӣȸȴѹͬʱֺ¡Ҹ㻹ţҲúܺãȫûԭӰӣ
ӷºϵҲûˡҼϣָܹǰļ䣬ȴֲϣָ
Ҳָ֮ɱңҾĺܺáΨһĲã㲻ǵˡ
˵ᣬЦЦҲܺ£书ûлָҿΪֻұ¶˾ġҪָ䣬ֻлָˣ书ܿٻָҲŵ׷ɱˡ˵ֱҵһҪľӻسʱ䣬Ȼͨķʽ
Լ˭¶ڣû취ֱ̫ӣֻԼҲʧ䣡ͨԵļ䣬𵱳ĵεΣʼնֻðôգ˵Ǽ
顣¶Ϊֻ˵Ǻƴǵġ˶٣۵ٲȻѾʹûƴҾһݡ˼صŮˡֻԼ֪ҳǿ̿ʼҵ㲻ԼģһֱƿأŬǼзšֻϣгһգܹ֧ʶľżߣԼ£˵Լ˵Ļ

406 ʲô

ԣȷʵǵҪָ䡣Ҫָ֮󣬽һ㣬ȻԶ߸߷ɣһڵͻС
һΨһĻᣬҲõĻˡҶһУΨû뵽ԭͻָˣҲѶû˵ֻ꣬ĥң
ĥ磽еʹͳޡ䱻ĥҵֱһ֮˵ӣֲ̧˲ˮգҪǰϣĶݷ˵ԣۣɱҰɡһ
ȥĻҲģҲڻصˣҶԾһ
ڵҹɫ£˿ݷ紺һұ˵ʲô
ֻ֪ҹɫ£˼ǶһĨζ
ݷʼն˫û˵һ仰ǺĽ඼ûбһ¡
ֻĬĬվ˱öͶֹ¾ͺվϹǧĺīһ㣬ǰĹµô顣
ۡץסݷ䣺ˡΨһһ㣡㣬ƴڲҶ֣㣬ұŵѺʱɱҲС̧ͷĶݷ˵ҲҪصҼ
һ»ҰҲҪصȥ
Ȼݷȴֻ΢΢ͣһ£ջˡ
ݷĨӰĺҹǣҲƲסԼĵ
һˮӴ껮ʱɬĴȴĹһĨȡ
Ϊ¹һ꣬·ЩŢʻЩѡ
һСģͱ·ߵʯͷһ¡
һϵģһ㽫һõŪˣеĻ˲ԵĽűߡ
ʻȵ֮󣬱㿪ʼڽµһɫľѾˣװĶǹҲ˼š
Լʮֵ棬ж࿴˼ۣΪЩȣֻ߰ڷʱЩԵʣЩճ֡
Խϵ֮ǰ֪ͣСҪˡ
δͣȣƿ˴
վסԴǧ߹ʱԭעǧȴͻȻ
ŲԵֱ۱㱻ǧס˸ǰ
ǧ磬ôˣЩη˵š
ʲôǧ²ϵζ˵ţ˫ӣ˾ͬµĺ糯ιһ㡣
ǧ磬˵ʲôЩɻš
𣿡ǧ˵
ԽĲˣͬʱǧ˫ţĵҲʮַëǧ磬Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ȥһûʲôǧһ
²˹̽͵ǧ磬㻳͵ĶûС
ȥǱһ¡Ȼǧ᲻ԵĽͣתԽһȥԱ
ûУûС²Կʼż͵ҵĶǿǴǱҴʬҰΪ
ôˣʱֻǰ̽һԴ
С㣬ǧ绳͵ĶûСҲ֪ǧôΪ͵Ķġ˲ԽĶֻ͵
ûУҲ϶͵͵ķǧޱ˵š
ûУղײһʯͷЩҸոһֱġ͵ͬʱֽȵֻ
ʱǰȥ鿴Ҳǧûзʲô
ǧġȻҲ˵ǷġʱһɫѵƴĲ´ɤ峺˵š
ǡǧ΢ʹͷĵһɿ˲Ե֡
ʱĲѾͷǺǺ˵ġ
֮ίˮôҲƲס
ԭλӶʮֵĺ룬һ֮󣬱ԽĵˡǧҪİȫᾯ㡣ȹǸֻԵʹŬӣҲ֪ʮĹ
Īί
òҲûǸǧԵǸԼλӻôĺ˵ĵ׵ľҲһЩūֻǼϵɢȥģҲ֪ǧôͻҪ͵Ķ

407 һ

ֻ±ӣҲڲԵŵһζϸոǧǹǸζ
ҲѹǧỳɲҪ͵ˡˣˡǧ˲ġֻǿȥ˵մȾĶȻĻˡֻȰ˼䣬Ե֣
ȥһ¡һţȻǣԭǺǹǧģʱǺӴˣ˼ǹЩǹʽܿɰ϶࿴˼ۣû뵽ǧ
ˡ
Ū֮󣬲ίҲ˺ܶࡣ
³ʱ˵Ǹԩ㣬ҪһŮЩˡ
ˣǧҲûңҲΪġҲū澣ôõġҡҡͷ
ֻЦЦƼǺǻж٣ǸҲУ㼸ǳԡҲʮֳ꣬ƶ˼ңȻǹ࣬Ҳġ
ˣԭմˮЦ˳ȻҡҡͷٲȻǲҡ岻̫Խ¥߾ԽԽȡ⼸յг̾ͷЩɡƴһäȣǧһվ¡ǸֳЦ
ΪΡ
˵ֻӦǽˮģϣŨʱֻȴһ½ƿˣˮȻǰˡ
ʱľã춼ֹֻһ
ǡǧ˵ͷȻ˿ɫֻǽǲЩĻ϶Ҫ¶ˡûϵһ춼޾ɵģҲǣҲǡҶ޲Ƿˡƴ֮Ƕֻϧͳ硣Ȼ˵꣬ʶ
ʲôŴǺߵٶɰ㣬ЦЦ
ǧĬĬĵͷûбҲ¶ЩȻ
ԭҪ飬Ҳû˵ˡ
ֻٴ֮ǧϬĳӲڵס·һۡ
һж𣿡ܵӲ£һ°ϳŴԱߵˡˣģĸǸ䵶Ŀ⣬Ǹһ˾ܽΪſӲϵˣӲ˲ϵĺˮ˵
ʱ¶һڵĴ
УǾţȵϴ֮ڶ֡͸Ӳݵķ϶ʻԽԽԶû뵽һطȻ߳һ㡣еĻŮģ涼ǼƷһ˵ڿջпֻƴʱ
龰ʱ۾Ѿֱˡ
ǰ϶ֵʱ򣬸ֵǣǧҪ˵һˣǵһͷ˿Ҷ۵ġӣԶˣǸϽϰɣ¶һЦһ·˲ٵһ뵽ϣܽļɰ
ͷ˷ܡ
ٽڣǧѡһƽԭֿˮԴĵطפһС
ֻһıﻵˣܸоϴһѪζ
Сһֻ֮òȥˮҪڲϴ壬Ҫ衣
£ԡͰ϶ûеģֻһͰˮͰưϳˮ
߲ŶҺˮˮͰսСƴֱ֣סо㽫ˡ
ӣɻĿƴǡ
ȥźСϴɡƴȴǵķԸšС㣬Ӳõǲ²Сİˣôüϴ裿ԿԸܵƴǹɾǧ룬ֱͰ߽
һ׵硣
ǲɵһȫܿϴˡֻһ·һ߶Ų˵
׹ǵֻӰӾͻͶ䵽ɫϡӣ˵治֣춼ˣ򶼲㣬͸ոĻҲˡһбգûһǳǰһƬΪ
š
ûǸʱǸСѾ߾ȥˮҹǸϴأ˵ţӵԽ
һ˵˳ԡͼǰ㡣
ӣ˵ġڵ˭Ҳ˭͵͵Ĺȥ˵ܿһˮҪˡ
ͳСǱ߿ڴʱһӲݣ׼䵽˴ϣһ䵽˺ӵϥϡ
Ѹʹൽס
ãǷˡԼϥǣѵ˵š
˵꣬һͦĶִɱ֮ĺӰǰɫ¹£ԵǧûκαԽĿֲˡúֵֻ·ʼģȻû˵꣬ǧеĵһӵͷ㱻ѪΪʹͿ־壬ϵٶѾŤΡ

408 ٷˣ

һҽҹԵøĴ̶ͬʱҲʮֵˡ
ӣʲôˣֻڲԵİ²ϵˮգȻƴǡ
û£㰲ϴɡˮĻڷԸȥաƴǵȻִݵվǰֵʳֵָĸϰźƴ
һҽ֮󣬱Ҳûˡ
ֻ´·Ӽ׵߳ҲǼ鳤Ӷѡӣ˯Ķ˯ֱ˯ܹһڷ絲񲻴ˣڴȻһݳ޵Ķˣ
һӶûС
Ȼ˯ˣƴĻشţԵĻӣ㽫ˡ
ʲôûаڵϼ·гӵİɣֱֻ֮ߵƴǵĸǰϸĴһ龰Ȼ˯ϡҲгӣҲСƴסֻ֣סֻϸϰԵĵͷľᣬ
ˬɽȪˮζͬʱһ˿Ů㡣ζ˵ĺš
ƴţɾֻϸ۰Ķ
ĴѵǿԲжģֻš
˵оǻСƴɤ֮һ㣬ֻĶˮ˵ţϵķҪźӱ
ںӱߡƴֻףֽһ
ŸߴĿźӱƵţɫɴһ㵭ıɴһ㣬ƻá
ƴǵʹͷĴǹһĨЦţֵֻ
Ҳ֪˶ãԭƽԭϣǴ˴򶷵ֻķȥĻ£кüӰ
ƴǣǲٷˣֻһ뵽ľǸϽȥɡ
ֻܣӱֻƴˣ˭֪᲻Ľٷˡ
ֻҪתʱƴȴ΢ЦصȻɣǧǱæ
һֻͨ⣬ýٷ˵Ƚ϶ࡣ
һʲôǲǾսү񿴲֮󣬾ͱˣƴǲµֻҪ˵ʲôֻĻ
ֻͣСһôã֮ʱ򣬿֮⣬Ҳûˣһֱǧˡ
˭֪书զ
ƴǼֻٲȻû˸ղŵ£ֻȥλúԭҲֻǱֵϰգǺʵû취Ŵٹ·˵⡣Ǵδ˹ˣֻơúǰɣ
Ǳư
ֻߵǰ㿴ǰʮװˣϵǧͷš
ǧһˣƴǵһڣùڵϵʮ˷׷׳ϵʱһ𾪡
ֻ߳ŮЩѵصĻ룡
ȸ̽ӣһʮ߸ˡǧ
ǾǸϽɻɣƴ赭д˵һ䣬ǹЦ
ʲôֻŤͷЩֵš
㲻˵˯ûдⲻ˱ƴˡƴ˵ţȻǹȴ˲С
˵꣬㱧˲֪ĶĲڽٷ˵ǰ
ֻǾȣŷӦǲһֱǣڿջ÷ʱǾ͸ˡƴǵڵ֮Ṵֻ°ͣĴָֻĦţ̫ҡ
ˡ
ֻÿƴǵ֣Щĵ˵ǳء
˾ֱӵôٷ˵棬Ͽʼ
䲻ĽٷͷͷòһתͷһѷźĽܵԼĲϣͷĽٷ˿ʼ
ǱãܻҪһʱ䣬ȥӱߴ磬ƴǽֻϵÿɤֳ˵šֻȴҡҡͷȥǱ֯ͷǣǰŴ壬ŵġ͵ٸ϶ǲʵģֱӷǵĻ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ȻöӣȻιˡӱҲҧߣֻϵĽŻ˻ΣҲ̫˰ɣǵĴŴ磬֪֮ǰ˶ˡ

409 Ҳ۸

409 Ҳ۸
Ȼôǵġƴζ˵ôһ仰ǼȻҴ⣬ҵȻͲô׵ķŹǡ
ƴһ仰˵ºͣ⻰ȴ⡣
ýٷ˲ɵķ׷׿ʼģҪаԲٷ
Ǿͺãˡأƴһ仰ֻҲһ£ȴԵӰ
Թղܵ˾ţȥˡһش
ѾͷôôСֻ˵ţҪȥ
ҪҶұƴǰסֻ塣
ЩٷǼĲУּǵֻ˵ƴǺֻʱ򣬽ٷͷͷɵĳԵļʾһ
֮ȫܣֻ׼ǰץס˺ӺͻǶѡ
һˣŮе۾һ
˽ٷǱôʱ֣
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ȴֻٷһҽҪֱֻ۱ƴһץסһŤٷ˵ֱ۱㱻ƴǸжˡ
ͬʱһ죬ٷȴ֪ײʲôһ¸ı˷䵽ԱߵĲݵϡ
һнǷһ֮ڣƴǺǧһǰһĳˡֻѹͻûзӦ
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ֱùڵϵĽٷ亹ֱðɫ˲ֽһ԰ס
ǡǧǰʹͷ
£㻹ҵˣƴסֻСֱ֣ˮᡣ
ֻ㶵ĿƴǡüᣬЦůʶǰĵš
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òƳĴ˵˯滹ͦģ
ֻһ˯ȻǼΪ
ΪֻƴͷŷɥǸҲԽ޷죬û
ʵҪԭΪ¥߾֮һȹһա
󵨵ĽȹӸ¶عࡢϸ۵СȣϻšҲߣǡ
ƴҲ
ȻֻûأȴͣŲԱƿ˽
ԿϵƴǺ͵ƴϵֻǧ磬ūźš
ֻҲû룺ҲԣԽԽˣһơ
ʻֻҲٴνȹӸȥֱϥϡ
Լ˿һ۱ĿƴǣֻСĵС㣬ȹӷ塣
˵꣬ԭĿƴǣһ¾ͰַŵֻСϣϸ⻬ֱָбһ´ƴǵĴ
ֻǳĻǱӵƴǼֻȶ¶˳ȻǲȻŭǳţȻô֣֮ǰ˵ĻԷǲǣ
˵ϣû˿ֻƴǵѵ⣬ȻЩ
û˿ƴ乴´ǲΪͻȻҪź򣿡
ֻһʶʲô˿ϱ紵Ĵ
ͰȹһѣȹȥֻѾǧʺһ顣
ǧҲ̫Խˣ㿴˾͵û£ôȻɸ˹ල
ҪǸˣͲĺء
һƴȶ¶档ֻҪſ𣿡
е˶һ˼룬ϣԼڱǰʵʵģȴԼǰһ˿ҡ
ⲻֻ֪ڹŴǰ¶׶ܱϸ˵ǰˡ
ӣū澲ãūӦáԼһ·һֱٯٯˣͻȻɳҪԼϡ
ȴʵҲɡ
ȥɣͣԭϢƴƲͷ˵š
Ϊϣû˿üֻƴǣòᡣԽƽԽ˵ԡȥƴǵ½ǡ
ƴȴǴֻгԼ䣬òŴӱĴ³һ仰Ҳ۸ҡ

410 ô

410 ô
ֻһһͷˮȴǲ̬ԣƴǣ˵ʲôô۸ˣ
ǰǸٷ˲ǼǸϹӣԲŸǰֽٳҲ۸ǸϹӣԲŸôΪΪƴƽȴż͹¼ŵζ
ƴǣûСֻһĲһۡ
ΪƴǿļԼĶһֱƴǵһ˿
Ȼʵ治۾ϿƵģʵƴĻġ
ҴˣˡԺ󶼲ˣòãֻٴȥƴǵ½ǣС˵š
ƴֻһò˵
֪㲻ϲҾ㡣ǰҲ֪飬ЩܡҪǷ۾ܿʱֻȹˣƼˣҲͶЦ˵֡
ڣȴǲһġ
Ϊϵı飬֫嶯ҲǿĶ
£ǻ˳ݷʱһ˵һȴߺƸݷ㽻š
ֻûʲôƭ˼Ĳϲָо
ϲǰˣ˶֪飬Ψʲô֪ʲô
ֻû뵽һô򵥵飬Ȼƴ뵽ôࡣ
ƴǣұ֤Բǰ͵͵㲻ϲ飬Ҳǰ˵һֻյƴǵĸǰƴǵ۾㲻ҪҲҪѹ˺òã
ƴ򴽣û˵
ֻƴûаƿֱƴǵϣҪҷԺһǰвУõ˿֪
ƴȻû˵ɫȴǱ֮ǰÿˡ
ֻЧ㽫Լ嶼յƴǵĸǰ§סƴǵĲӣƴǵĶߵϣҲȣ̫۽ƿˡҶĺòãϸһ
Ȼƴȴû˵ֻԾͣƴǵĴϣ˼£ò
ƴҲ̲סˣ¶һĨЦżֻЦͳ磺ԭ˺Ÿоôð
㣬ǹװҪҺģֻŷӦԼƭˡ
˭Ҳע⣬ȹߣƼˡôˣƴǻסֻǼֻıͷ˵Ҫ㻰κƿˡ
㻰㻰ƭ˵ġֻҪʼˣƤˡҪƴǵվȴֱƴǸ°˻ȥ
Ϊ㻹ܶãϾҪҽĵؽˡŲŵʱЩǷҵģȫڶ϶²ƴǻЦ˵ţмǳȴִżв
ֻߣ㿿žѾˣֻһպ졣
ϵҪƴǵվȴһٶıƴǸȥ˳ûռֻıˡ
ˣåҲ±˿ֻƴǵϣƴȴǹⰴƴǵš
ͣˣȻתȥƴ˵ţֻ˼֮ŵھǷŰɣϵʱ
Լ˳ٳٶгǳ
ڵǵʱȴǣֵ
ָҪ֮ǰҪˡ
ӣǰŰɣһǰƴ˵
ǧǰģȴ
϶ˡ
ֻţȻ󻷹һܣҪǸǧǧʲôط
šȹȥƴ˵ͷҵȻȥ
áֻȴصЦһ£ƴ߹ʱСߵƤĵ
Ҫˣåϻ˰ɣ
ϸҵţƴȻֻе˼ȴҲաĵôһ䡣
С㣬û°ɣ֪ӻǰū澾Ͳ˵ˡüͷܺھε˵š
ûˡֻɵ˵ţղǧ㵽ȥǰɣ
Ե˵ͷǡ
أֻһȦûǧӰ
ʲȥ
ūҲ֪ᵽǧƺЩ¡
ˣȥҿ⸽ûˮϴȣƴǻһĿˮ
ˮԴ֮󣬱ľͰǰȥˮڿҪߵϪˮʱһɫǧһһֻѾϴɾҰСϪǱ߳Լ߹
һǧ̾ͺµһߣҶһ£ƺʮ־ǧһ㡣

411 ǧ

411 ǧ
ǧ̹ȻĴӲԵ߹
ôȥôãֻһָҰĶУһ߶ˮ߹ĲԵ
ԿΧū澣ղŴˮʱ򣬿ϪкܶݮժһЩСһϲԡ
ֻͷˮͰ˲ӣҰСɫ޵ݮ
ִһŷг
С㣬СжһԵֹ
ûµģūϴʱѾ˺ܶأ˵
С㣬һûжɡǾϸѵκһС¶ʮֵľ衣
ֻ㽫еݮݸ
С㣬ǧ粻𣿡ȡһƬҶˮһһĽݮЩɻʵ
ûУһֱûӰֻƵ˵š
Щ⣺ū澸ղȥϪߵʱ򣬻ǧһһֻҰأҰǧ͹𣿡
˵ǧ϶ǹأ
ǧȥĶˣֱֻתͷȥԵ
ԥһ£ָָɽ棺¿ǧǱȥˡ
ֻŲԵ־ͳָķȥˣߵɽµʱ򣬱㿴ǧߴͦεӰǶƺһŵͼƺȷ·ߡ
ȥЩʯͷֻǿľĲԵ
ܿ첻ԱڸһЩ֦һЩʯͷֻ
ֻϣ׼ǧķȥһҿ϶ǻᱻǧֵģֻҲ㣬ҵֱ׳ġ
С㣬ǸʲôѽԿֻʯͷ֦ȥǧ쳣ʵ
ҲҡеĻֻ͡ǧķ˺üʯͷˣǶûС
ǧҲûлعͷƺƶʯҲһ㣬ͷоеĵͼ
С㣬ūū澲ҡһֻҲң;ŵҡͷ
˵£ôôŲֲϵĶ͸Ƶġôѵ۸ˣ˵ʲô㺦µĻֻǧҲˣƾ˲ԡ
ûУǧû۸ū澡ҡҡͷ
³ֻеʯͷ֦ˣȴǧ·û
ˣ
ū澡ū澡֧֧Ĳ˵ֵֻͷʼѰҸʯͷʱֹС㣬Ҫҵˣܰġ
ҡֻЩİһŴʯ顣ǧҪоͳˡ
ߣ߰굽ȥˡֻһ´հʯͷҲӵ˵ϣµٶΪ¶Ρ
ֻȻǧˡ
ǧֻĺ֮󣬱һԾɽ¡ֻϵ˦֣ŵöҪˡ
վԱҲŵò壬ϵĽˡ
𶯡ǧǰץסֻ󣬸׼ֻ߼顣
ֻ⧲ľͰץǧϡ
һĵ졣
ֻ֮ʤսСѼһ㣬߰ͦظǧǰ߹
ÿֻǧһһĻ
ߣѹǲڵĶ
һĨӰֻǰԽǽ͵ǣûбҧ
ûУҿˣߣӡֻһڡǧֻ֮˶泩ˡ
ֲƴǵֱۣһһĳȥ
Ҿ͵ȡģֻҰ˽лȻϲ࣬ҲȿҪ㡣вԸոժ˲ٵݮϪˮݹġһʮֵĿθ
ƴǼֻӸղŵĵط֮˶ֻ࣬򴽣Цš
ֻʳ㲻˵жóԣǾҪҪóࡣ
ƴǺֻ˳һֻһֻ͸ˡ
߲ԸյˮҪݸֻǱǧȴͻȻڲԵ
ʱˮֱ㿪ʼ϶嶼ɵǶǧ¼һ㡣
ӣոյ̴ţ˵ǱһжܺáСƻָҲݷż¥С˵仰ϵ֮ǰǰˡǧƴǸǰֱͦΡüĿûʲô顣
֪ˡƴǵĵ˵ͷҽĵؽŻжԶ
ãĻ߰ܵˡǧشţһͱ䡣ûκεĲ
ͺƸղŵСûзһ㡣
ӣҿɲдŸݷ㰡ֻݷ˵Ĺϵ֮ǰǰˣ㿪ʼЩˡ
ݷ㲻Ҫ˱ǰӰɣ

412 ȫɱ

412 ȫɱ
ԣд꽻ǧˡƴʵ˵ţҩĴһĨζЦ⡣
ֻǧһۣĲձ⹴յʮӲʡݡϵ
ãȥдֻҲСû
С㣬ǧ絽ʱ᲻᲻СͰһԱ㿪ʼǵ˵š
ôദҲǧֻڹһˣ飬еҲȫǧġ
ΨһӣС㣬ֻϲСˣ
ôأһҲôǳ˵ˣҲǹӷԸġֻǧΪ
ҲС۵ˡ
С㣬ոյǧ磬㲻ǧǺ𣿡ԥãЩӵ˵仰
˵ʲôֻ仰ʮֵĺЦʲôе˵úƵġ
ֲֻԼ°ڣǰǰٷˡūϢʱ˶ƿӿһۡ
㿴ʲôˣʵ˵ֻҹʱҲһЩǺܿƴǱ㽫Ķˣֺܿ˯ȥˡ
ҿǧŵǰѵϣϵµѪڶе˶ˡϿΣڻ¡
ҲֻǸСѾ߶ѣĳأ֮Ż˵ľǧġ
Уū澲С·ȥӱϴÿѪˣﲻϵţ˵Ҳ뵽ǵͷӦǱ˸ˡԽ˵ϱһ󾪿֣亹Ǵ߳
ڶֻЩٷˣҲµˡҲû롣
ֻҪûۿ͵֪ˡ
С㣬ūĺ£µòūˣͻūɱʱһץסֱֻۡ
ʱãֻֻ˲һġ
ôأ룡ͨԵĻȷʵǧЩײˣֻҲ֪ǲǻˣҲɱһ޹˵ġ
Сһ𣿡أͬʱҲһƬ£Ȼū澸Сź򲻾ãūҲС͹֮ĹϵЩ֡
ôˣֻЩʵ
СǺ͹Ƿ޵ĻūӦСһΪˡǲǵĻСӦú͹ӲǰܣҲǲӦͬסһӲŶԣοū֮ǰС߲һźѾߡе˶ڹӺǧġЩҲһˡ
ܹӺܳ谮С㣬ǳģļС㶼ԼѾߵġ
˵ʲôֻ°ͣĿŲԡ
СǲǺūһǹģԥ˰죬ղŲӵš
ֻ˲ۣⷬ¶һĨˮЦǾòⷬʵ̫Цһ㣺Ǿܹ㰲ЩĻôΪɣ
ū澡ūҲ¶ѣۿū澵ļԽԽԶū£֪ʲôʱ·ϣʬҰʬ˶ûС˵ţۿɵĿʼ
ˣˣ㵣ǵ鶼ᷢġأǺˣɱ޹ģҪ룬ûйӺǧĻǶᱻЩٷץȥŮ֮䵽УǻôĴǿɶĺɷʱǻ֪ҪĥʲôأֻʼԷеϵ
ȻɱЩ£ǲɱǣ˭֪жٵŮӸһΪеĸµжΪǼο֮ǰ֪ɱ˶أɱǣΪϸ룬ЩӣЩΣǲǶؾصģҲͿģ
ֻôһ⣬ҲԼЩûʲôĵѣЩҲĻһԹ
һԷʱǳԷܿ죬ԷǶ·ˡ
ȷʵǻˣֻΪռǿµһĻԱԶǶɱ˵Ķħˡ
ţūˡ֮ͨ󣬲Ҳû֮ǰǰ㺦ˡ
ȥøǧɡֻѾдšɶ괫Ҫľһ࣬Ҫؼ˵
Լ״ЩԥǣոգС㡭
ŪģֲŪģʲô˵ˣǧС۵ˣ⵱ʱġֻ쳣ƶ˵
ƴǲСǳ˽رС˵ġ
԰ŰɵĽӹֻеֽһƿӣ֮˱Ѹٵĸ˻
һľźͺ£С㣬ǧվԶĵطǸո˵Ļǧ᲻ˣ

413 ĺ

413 ĺ
ֻҲ̽һͷǧһξġ
ᣬ˵ôСֻһڷ
ҪͲ˵Ļǧˣ֮ǰƴ˵ЩĻȫˡ
ԻЩӵߵǧԣǧ硭
ǧתùеֽת뿪ˡ
ǧ硭Լֽʲô
СǻĻͷԸȥǧƽһ㣬ûκεı仯
ǡԱ͸ղŵǧһʲôģǼǧô˵ԱҲ֪Ҫôˡ
ʱӽʱһ˱ʯȪ
ֻһС򣬺ܽЩƣֻܽǽɽϣʯȪɽˡ
ͬʱСҲΪɽԴԴϵɽȪˮС
ǧȥһҵĿջƴƿǧֵһ䣺
ƴǲϲֻҪʸɾͿˣ֮ǰǰ¥·;УҲδջõġ
ҲֻڵִŵĵطΪ˷˰һҿջ
ʱֻȴǻȻ֪ſƴǵ˯ž
ֻʱ˫ȶûж۾ûȫƴ§ڻУһû˯ѵӡ
һֱ˷ֻ֮˯ˣˮ֮󣬱ĺ档
ƹſڵֻ֮㿴ڲɴУȻһǽɽϵʯġ
׼ȷӦ˵䷿ǽƽʯģ滨ľ̴촲Իһòֱͨݶ
ΪҪǣ䷿оȻȪˮʽʯ»㼯һСԡ״С
ֻۡϽеǵ˯̾ûӰˣ̾һĳȪˮ㼯Сȥ
ˮ尡ַֻֻȪˮУʱһϮ
ƴṴ˹ʯȪľɽȪˮˡ峺ʮֵ𡣡
ţе𡣡ֻһ˵ȵУжˡ
ûˣҿȹӣݽ𣿡ֻ˿ܣҪһķҪ
Ȫˮģһִһȥˡ
񣬾ˣô־ôְɣƴŽŹϡ
ֻ֮СѾˮ͸СƵģʮֵĿġ
ƴóеäȣѭֻˮĳֻȥ
ʱֻһֱȹӸϥϣʯϣһ˫޳ĳȲϵ峺Ȫˮٲȶš
峺Ȫˮ̦ʯֻ˫ϸۣ޳ĳӳĵԽ𪣬ˡ
һԷ۶ĽѾӣŻˮĶĿɰ
ֻתƴǿˣһgˮƴȥ
ƴֵ˵ȹȴʪˡ
ԣƴǱҲֻۣһŽţˮ
𣿡ƴԱߣ˫ֳ󣬵ǳЦš
棬ҿջͦɫİ
𣿡ƴĵš
ˮֻһʶʲôȻ㿴һƴǡ
㻰أƴǼֻش𣬱㳯ֻһЩ
ҾͦġֻȴֻһȦ䡣һĨҪ׽Բذɣ
԰Ϩ˵棡ƴֻ֪ʲôһĨζĻȣĻһаȡ
ôأֻƴԶһЩЦ˵
ƴǺϾֱ壬һִֻϥϣ°ֻͣаŴ
ֻŲŲ
ƴ˵һǵаּһЩȴûжı仯
ֻתһӣɨһΧͬʱѾĽֻȴˮ˳ʱ׼·Ĵ㡣
ˡһĨڻģаЦƴǵĴſ
֮Ѹٵվ㳯ֻķȥ
ƴĺǣϺõ滨ľ̴һֱʱ䡰֨ѽ֨ѽ쵽ҹ
ֻȻһ£һƴǵ͡
ʵ֤ƴȷʵͦ͵ġãֻͰʼƴġ
Ҹ˵ˣĺǺصġ
ǵ˵ڶֻȫƺһ㡣
ƴ²˴ˣ

414 ƴǣɵĺ

414 ƴǣɵĺ
Ա˯㡭
͸ǵЦһ㡭
ˮ߽˷䣬ȴǿɢ˲ٵ·
ǵѾѵģƴѾǱܹźӣͷһ飬Ȼġ
Բ𣬶Բ𡭡ǧ硭Եͷ˼ءߵ䴦ʱ볯ǧײ
ǧҲܼʱһˮȴķֵǧϡҲҺˮ̡
ӺС㻹û𣿡ǧֻǵͷһ±Ūʪ·ûж⡣
ǡһʵԵͷٴεȥոѪѪ죬֮شȻʼǧýȥӺС˽
ǧ˿ɫΪɫȣһ㶼ϸ·ȵ̫ʱ򣬱һϢ
˶ûǽչǲˡ
Щᣬ࡭ƴִ˴Ա˯ȥֻ
ֻû˸˯ϵˡ
ƴǼֻֻȻ
УͲɣƴṴ´ǣ֮ƿ˴µıǵֻϡ
ƴǣҪҰ
಻ࣿ
ࡣ
ֻȵʵܲˣֻ˵ࡣ
ߣŲƴأҵģ
۽ǵⲻСɨ˴ױ̨ϣһ˶ͭϵյ
ҿƴǣҪɱ㣡ֻͭеԼסˣűͷ鿴Լ塣
ԭ۵ļϣƴ˲ӡǣǳ鲼ȫ
ǰǿȥľ͸˸Ƶģ֪˻Ϊ˸һ
ȥƴǣҲ˲ӡǣȻǺָۣ׵ץۣԼݵҧۡ
Լ֪Լʲôʱȥġ
ֻҲô࣬ȥסƴǵĲӡ
ƴҲֻĲӣһЦţһָֻڶʱϢ
ֻʹϾֻ߬ȭͷƴǵϴ˼£յĵ㿴ĺ£Ͳȫϡӡ
𣿵ʱǰƤĳ븹Уû˼ˣǿƲס˭ôأ
ӻ𣿡
㻹˵ִֻһƴǣߵ
ǻǣٰ
˵˵
ƴǷһˬʵЦ
һֱ緹ʱ䣬Źÿš
ȵҽĵؽ磬㲻֪𣿡ƴǵĶͷֻԴϡ
ţģġֻ˵ͷ
Ҳÿҽǰ֡ƴֶһ䣺ֻҪԼͺˡ
šֵֻ˵ͷʵ֪ƴǵĽһۿͲ˳ۣôֶûá
һ۾ͿԵʣµľͽƴˣ
緹ȥϸҽѡЩϲĶҪҪһȥƴǼֻȫûһŵĸоҲͲڵˡ
ȥҾûֻԴƴǵĻһûУֲ붯û
УڿջԹԵĵһܣǲ֡ҪֻֿʱƴǻЩ᲻ãʱʱ̵̿Ľߡ
Ҿ룬ҲûǸֻͣ

415 

415 
֮˵ĸҪ֮ǰҲǸˡ
ԭƴǺֻ֮˻Щǣֻ§§żСס
£ƴȴǴ۾ҲԶΧе˸ԣֻֻˡ
ֻҪ˻ãҲʲôʱʲôص㣬ΧʲôˣյֻĸǰȻļ¡
տʼʱԻ۾ȴѾϰˡ
ֱվһԣĿšʴɵЦ
Ǵĵһľ͸һ
ǰʮ֣ϰϰĴִ˵ʮֵˬлŶž黨ζ
ƴǺֻϣƻõϦҫ£쳣Ψˡ
ƽգϿӵǵˣؼһһ㡣
ֱòԿòɴоһ
ȥ䲻ǧӲԵԴ
һѻɫճɴŮӣȴͻȻϥ˵ϣ
ѽ˭ֻȴȫûȤɻĿżڵϵŮ
ҽˡƴĥֻĴϣ૵ԭ֪УǶѾҽĵؽˡ
ֵһƣЩڵϵŮǱȫվ
ڴ˹ӭʵ滹һǣǰֻˣȻֻ˵ļƣû˸ӣҲǲ˵仰
šƴ嵭һֻһ
ֻС֣ǰ˼û˸ͻһǧ
湬ӣ±ڴ˵صȺӣ䣬ǧѾƴǵ֮ǲƴһȥˡ
ƴȴЦˣֵ֣㲻ܿһ˱ҽɣôҷֵһ
ֻһ㵵Ŀƴǡǧͷһεһ¿ˮΪѡ
㲻˵㳤Ͳ𣿡ֻǧ飬Ȼǧпһ˿֮⡣
ƴǵĽǲǺֲܿ
δسܹһٴⲻ˵ġ㵽ʱУƴƵ˵š
ֻȴеˣǧ¶ֱˣƴǵĽһװɡ
湬뾵еһСϣҪСǰû湬˴·һ˸ҲС
뾵·
СʻãֻͿһƬ̺ĺɻ涼ɫĺҶռСЩҶд˺þá
֮ǰŻȻȻûãһ̰ɫֱú죬·һϦ˽һ㡣
ûãС۱ͣһһĵطɽɽвĻ
һ˼ɾ
ۣƯֻɳһ
ҩȣܶݺͻƴǽֻߣţǰ湬һξ롣
С㣬㿴ǰ滹дţ˵֮˵鶼µģоԼĲӶŤ黨ˡ
ôƯĵطǴûм
֣˵û𣿡ֻҲǰϪˮԣֻţƵĳŲݣڲԶһҩ¨Ųñҩͯڲժҩݡ
ҩȣ湬ƴǸ˵һ顣
ô˵⵺ϲֻһ湬ֻƴǵ˼
ƴЦЦԭҩȵĹģҽ㷢ط˹һĵ޽湬
ôǿ
˵ˣҽ㻹ˡ
˭
ĹҽҽҩɳգһҲֻѡ
ֻٴסˣƴǵĽ㾹ȻѾˣ֮ǰû⣬Ҳûпǹ⡣
ƴǺĽ̥ܵܶųǽ㶨һҪϰٱŮӣʵںǸˣȻҪƴǵĽȥ
һǸƴǻҪٱӰɣ

416 òǻ۲

416  òǻ۲
쵰һô¶߽湬իһŭ
һմźīëʱҲ˳˽¡
ֻʶĳƴǵȻԴȴǲɺĳ̽̽
ֻӰؽ£ͬһ׳ѵŮһֻһֻĲϡָи쵤
ƴȫһģһųȴһְ
˵ΪǣѩΪܽܽΪ棬Ϊˡ
ȻüҪһŮӸǿЩȻⲢӰΪŮеᡣ
ֻĵһӦǼܱˣ
ϡֻˣ߽իʱȫûµżֱӸһӡ
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ƴǣϲءϸΡȵŮӣֱӸ˵ǡ湬ûУ˵湬ȥҾǡ浱һˣܻ˵š
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濴ֻɴһЩֻǲǰˣбüԣΪˣ
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㣬ĳΪɺȳʳʹũȫ⵽ƻǴò׵Ļʳȱǻ𼢻ġø֣
㣬֮ǰةฮС㣬Сʳ֪Щƴһ֪ڹֻ

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ǣȳǿԳԵġ͹һըڷһЩպϣǽһࡢɿڡֻô˵Ȼ˾ûȳһɿζĲȡ
㣬˵еƴһֱֻ֪кܶ˼룬ȴû뵽ȻҴ󵨵ðֱ׽˻ȳԡ
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˵ĺǵǴӱｫƴġǰĳ᲻˵ţĲ𣿡
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ֻͷɢһصӣֻͷԽԽΡ
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Ṵ˹еҲţոջ˵һеѾں˺ˣֻҪпڳԵľС˵Ǿ仰ʱӦûΧŲٵȹ֮ˣֻˡڵЩûʲô𣡡
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ƴǺò׿ճһʱһ춼Ǻþöûĥ׽ʱǸȴЯһµͼܹҪһ͡
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㵵ķոһյȥĵߺԭͻƣıһΪһˡ
ɡԵԽԽԶ
µǣУżʱʱģһ̾ˡȻ󲻶ϵƴǷֻϲһϴԡ
̫ˣ
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ƴǡҾһκõĸӦǹԽԽáҸոһ£ӭȢһЩŮ˽ĻǵδֻԽԽ
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ֻҡҡͷӵϼһۣҲô˽ǻϣĵһλʼնӦĹңڶλǶŮ˽顣֮ĸǲܳԽĹҺͰյģ
û뿪ҵĻλǿԲģû취ƴǻص˵š
ƴǣûǸ˼ЩһеˣͲƴΪλĻҲͬġ
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䣬ƴǱЩеֻ֣뿪𣿡
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ôŮˣֻһˡ˭ʹأǰ㣬ĿĸŮ˶㲻Ķأ㲻ЩŮˣЩŮȴǻ뾡취㡣ټϻǰʩѹأ
֮ǰܽʱ㿴ݷ΢׽㣬ԴסҿЩŮƴϿֺγأ֪㲻ϲЩŮˣôŮأ͸Ӭһ϶ϲߡ
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ͬģ뿪ƴֻһͷѣûȻƺҪˡ
ƴǣϲҵĲ˵ԸȤ뷨𣿵󹬵Щ齫Щĥû˵ʱϵҲˣʱҺͺЩŮ˻ʲô𣿡ֻһûеȵƴǵĻӦӣ˵
뱣ϵЩ㣬Ҿֻ뿪ӣͬǡֻֿ˵һ仰ٲȻʲôסĺһ㣬Ǿ仰˵쳣ѡ
ԺˣһЦǵȵǸʱٴǶǳĬԼЩõĻ䡣ֻɤѾſǻˡһ˫Ũ˵˫üţҲڲ֪ʱۿˮմʪԼ޳ϵÿһ޲Ŵ˿ĵʹࡣ
Ҳ뿪㣬ǿĲʺһ𡣡ֻ˵仰ʱˮҲڲסĴ۽ǵ
Ҫٴ뿪ңƴǹֻĻ֪Ǻεȵѹˣֱһѱ㽫ֻ˻С
ֻԴƴǵĻУˮҲ̵ĺˮкûеͷҲûҡͷ
˺һԼõһЩƺ󣬲ñҭƴǣҲֿĺܲ룬ڡҲĺϲ㡣ǡҽܲԺҪ顣ҲұǸӣֻϣǵĸԽԽãΪԭʡ㲻Ҫ˵ЩԼģʵʵôã
ǵʵִʱΪ̫ˣû棬ˣ
ԣдŸҵߺ˳ڰҸһݷ㣡ֻڲģȴ˵Щ
絶ֱ˰ɣôĲԸ⣬ȴǷֿ
Ҳ뿪ġҪһһȥƴǽֻ§ڻУŲļǷۡ
㡭һ°ɫ䲻ĳƴǵǰĵƹ⽫ĨӰӳڵϡ
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ƴǵ˵ʱҲûоʲôرġڿνر𣬵Դ¿߹֪жŮҪ޸ƴܶŮǿһƴǶһ㵹ãƴ˵㣬źúõĻʺ֮λȻʱҪѡ뿪ƴǡ˵Դǲǲ濿ƾϣĮ˵š
ңҲѾƴǵˣһ·Ҳû׽ɣ㲻Ҫ뿪ƴǵģ
ǣڹŴ˶˵Դ⣬ΪִôΪ
뿪ƴǣڲ뿪ôֻֽһֱὫϵһĥ⡣
͵ҰޣʱˣͲ֪βˡ۷ɵöߣֻҪĳˣû취ڷˡ뿪Ӷһ³ǱҪǲ뱻ֻܼǸ
ҲԸΪֻҰ޺ΪʧȥҰԺͳ򣬱úЩеŮһҪеϣȫעһϣȻѾ˼ūϥСȥֺáֻ°ֱͣ棬һһ˵ֻԲԼΪˡΪκκ£ʧȥԼϵǺԣ
ڵڶֱǾס˼֮󣬱ײϵһˣ뿪ֺÿ
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Ǹأƴ౻۵˷ܵ˵š
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ĬĬľãƴǵͯһ۸ĺܲҡ
㣬㲻ҪˣŮƤãҲƴǵ°ֻƴ۵죬ΪƴǵĸͷҪߣòͷ澾šӵƴʵеίСϱӣЩۡ
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㣬Ҵˡ´Ҳˡƴһ߶ͬʱһ߻ֻƿһСĴֻϡ
ǿ治ģ
ߣ˵ʲôˡǧ˵ǵȪڶ̵ġΪǰһϲ͹Ӳһ죬ߣִеȣһ߸Լŷ磬һ̧ųƴǵƨߡ
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իƴǺܾöûˣ˼ǲ̫巿İ裬Զ㿪һ֮󣬽ȴǱŵµӸˡ
㣬ĴˡˣûţԺҲѧҵġƴǻЩСġʹܲܲϱǰĺûӰ

424 ɰĳƸ

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ϣСȥҵĹ˯ǸҰҹҴȡ
㣬յ湬ƴЩԸһкö໰Ҫ˵ء
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ͺһµĹžһ㣬ԽԽ㣬ԽԽ
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ǰƴǵܵܡ˳Ľ׸ǰƴٲȻǳΪһؾصѧ
Ľֻϣһֳߵƽ͵ĵ֮£ƮƮط֮ѩﵱ֮ʫҲѹƴǶ
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˫ξưӣװǳ󺣣Ϣ
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ۣƴǣÿɰֻվƴԣŸǸСģֱϲòˣûмôɰƯĺӡ
ƴЦţֻ§סԺĺҲôɰ
УУüЩأֻͣקƴǵ䣬Щ˷ܵ˵š
ʱҶһЩˡĽֻĻЦ˵
أҿȫС˰ɣϣҡӣһûдҪԭ¸ӡƲ
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Ȼ˵ע£ҩ¨óһԴġϡǰ
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˵˾Լԣȴﻹ׵ġ
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Ϊƴ۾ѾСڻϣϺüˡ
˾ˡתͳƴǱȥҲƨˣ·Ҳȳˣֱſ˫־ͱƴǵĻС
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ƴӶԽԽˣ㵹ԽԽȥˣΪЩ֦Ȼޱӡƴ֪֪ҪôЦ㣡ĽԣƴǽڻУǾٸ߸ߵģǴȰı顣
ƴǺֻ˵Ľ׺ٲȻһϷޣļ顢˷ܡķ紵ĺ棬Ĺƽ
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ʱǻ緢꣡
ʣǧˡʱĿǧϣĬĬ̾һ
ϾǺǧ¶һġǧƴǵ
ߡƴǡֻĵʱ䲻һɺӣСߴӸĲñ̽һСԴ̾ͽֻŵûʧɫ
С࣬ȥ̴һ
ССζһСԴ֮ЩԸֻһκ֮󣬱ص˸Ĳñȥˡ
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ֻֽӹﻹЩ¡ѹСֻһ졣
һŮŽŶ
Ϊ֮ǰѾ˺ܶˣϳһϲԵĵĺ󣬱ŤƵסˣֱȥСţˡ
ܽһ̣ûջ񣡡Ľ֮ǰƴǵʱҲһֱעƴǵ۾ƺȸտʼʱҪˡ
ջ񣡡ƴ˵ţҪҵ۾ͻ֮ѡһĻһԥѡġ
ƴ˵ҽͲҩûа취ƴǻָأҪǷִƴǻһڹŴľΪˡ
֮ǰ̴ЩûκЧĻƴǵ۾ѾҩʯҽˡĽ׷еĿӣ㽫ɾָѹƴǵϡһƽͶȵ˵š
仰Ǹƴ˸̣˲ٱϣ
ҲԤϵġųĽֿ˵
Ľһô꣬Ľ׵飬˵ô˵ʱа취ƴ۾ģ˵Ҳ¶ǵɫ
ûϵҵ۾ȥֵãƴǵǲ⣬úõĿֻ
ҩʯȻҽȴһ취ܹƴؼ
ʲôֻš
ǾǸƴǻۣĽƽֻͣڻ΢΢ļһЩ

426 ƴ

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ۣϵ˶סˡ
Ҫҵ۾ɱ˵۾ƴ΢ŵ
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˵ĸòҪƴǸ۽Ĥɣֻһ¾׳Ľ׻е˼
۽ĤĽ૵˵֣֮Щ˷ܵĵԣ˵Ĵʣ˼ܽӽλǰ͸ġڿʱ۾ᵹӳ˵Ӱӡƴǵ۾ǵӳ˵Ӱӵġ
ô֪ģĽײɺʵ
ֻ򴽣ʵҶҽҲЩоҲ¸ƴֲһ۽Ĥʵʲ̫ˣ۾ΪҲΪеһ٣һëȥ˶ʣ˵Ǹƴֲ۽Ĥˡ
ûִоҽʦǲܵġ
ȷʵѶȺܸߡҪİæˡĽƺԻ۽Ĥʮֵаա
ǹôֻһ档Ȼ˵ŴǻȷʵСҪŴûκִ£ƴǸ۽ĤֱЩš
ŮľģֻҪԼϰסĵƴǵ۽Ĥ䣬ֲ֮ϱ˵ġĽѾΪ׼˻ƶֳȣŷ
ðɣǹŴ˻书˲
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Կţȴ¶һĨǡ
ڰ֮ǰһ˯ţòƺЩҲ֪ǲżȻ˵ƴǱָֻĽơ
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ⷬʵʮ̹ףֻЩ˼ˡ
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СӲ˼͸һҪԷһͻȻ첻ˣ˿϶һͷӣ׷ҲУĽúܺá
ŶƴĬĬĵͷֻɫȴǸˣǾ͵˵ʧߣΪûµģ
ǧҪȥ۹һƳ㿴뿪λǧ
СһǺСţ棬²ģȥǧһڣһƬ
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ڵϵǧһĬٲȻһŨŨıˡ
棬ǧҲǵСˡԺԼϲˣȻɻġĽվ½ǣ
ȴתͷһǾƴǵĵϣֱӾƴһƨˤ˵ϡ
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ƴҾÿŶÿ㶼Ҫ־Ҳ㡣緹֮󣬳Ľ׺˱㽫ǣԸȥ˯ȥˡ
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ʱƴǺֻվ£Ÿ԰棬һһץӵģνǾʮ㡣
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ƴЦЦ֪׽ˣŻҷƢ
Ҳո˵Ķԣ㼰ʱֹĻڵǧҲˡʵ˵ղſǧղǸӣȷʵͦܵġҲ֪ǧʲôʱǸӰ߳Ůӡ
ƴ̾һԭȲڣʲô鶼ʵǸʱҲԼ뷨šҲԸñ֪һλŮӡǧҲû飬ֻǳڿѡ˺ܳһʱ֮ǧӱ㻳ˡֱʱŽԭԭίίĸǣŮ֮Ҳ¶ģΪ˳ףݹ֮˶Żỳأ
ɣǧȻôһ档ֻǺ⡣
ǰ˵ʱֻ־ϲ̴ֻдһ飬ȵڲ죬˭֪ᷢ顭ƴǻΪź
ǾûһҪ˾ȻԸ⻳ϳҵĺӡΪУ˶ݾ衣
ҪǧĺӻţӦú͸һɣֻŸŻÿɰ˰ݣȾһĨɬʱ㱧Ÿʱǧ˻ϲȴҲʼûǰһһܡ
Ľ׺˻ص̱֮תɫ˵ƴǾôˣ
Ľ׳ȷϵ΢¶һĨ֮ɫҡҡͷҲҿ϶ƴϵĶͼͨΨͨѪҺ飬֪Ρȸƴֲ۽Ĥʱ򣬴ȡЩѪ飡
˵ͷҲֻˣϣҪڳʲôҾʣôһ׵ܵˡ
棬Ҷ߾ȫƴµġĽַļͷο˳ȡЩѪɣϾպҪ޵ģ͵ΪԺĺ׼
ҹɫ࣬ɴ¹͸֦ķ϶ɢڵأһϸİ˪
С㣬ū澴ˣȾū澰ɣһƿţ۾죬ɤµ˵
ڴߴͷֻعͷӣʵôˣʲôˣѵǲСϴ·ʱ·ϴˣ
ǣū澣ū澰ǧĶŪˡԺµĶҪ޳ˣֱһľ͹ֻĸǰȻӻͳһɫԲεĺɰ
ղŵһһʮĸֻ
ԭԾȥϴ·ϪˮҲǧϴĵطǧϴʱȴ絽ˣǧ㼱ææĴ·ˣæнǧĺɰˡ
ҲɱԸˣԱĴ򿪺ɰʲôͻȻĳһֻܣòܵ˾ţǧһͷʹӲе䣬ϪˮС
ŵˮöûҵʱֺɰǧҲѰˡ
ʱǧʮֵУüͷšʮֵĺ£ԾûҺǧ˵ʵ
С㣬ô찡Ҫǧ֪Ūǧͷǧһɱҵġ˵Ѿۣһġ
ֻҲһɰĶǧΨһˣҪǷֱԸŪˣǧ϶ɱ˲Եġ
ɰһúסͷԼһӤĽɫֻ˿ɫɰɰı߽ѾĥˣȻǧǾóġ

428 ǲɰ

428 ǲɰ
ǣھʣһˣԹڵϿ˵Ϊɫ΢΢Щס
ֻ̽仰ᱻǧ
ǧǲǻңֻҲЩ֡
˵ͷ϶ǧͷϼġ
ҹ˶ͷֶʮֵأҲͬһ㡣ͷˣ϶ǧ衣
ǣū뿪ʱ򿴵ǧѾˮȥˡֻ䣬һƬʪô찡С㡭
ֻŲȥϪˮ͵͵ΡǱǧֵĻǾ̫ˡ
ȵȵȿɣ˵ǧͷءʱڽɰúõĵǸϸֻҲʮֵżǧҲôˡ
ƴǴ곯еֻ֮ƴǣҪƴ̽Щڷ硣
ǧȻһ׼˲û¶ٶǧ֮ǰǧһЩ·֮⣬һͷˣǰͷһսб͵Ϯĵоˡ
ǧ㷢˷һֱ׷죬ߵЩоȫɱˣʱһֲֻˡ
ھֻʣǸɫĺɰˡ
ֻνȫð亹Ҫǧ֪ˣ˲ѲԵĲӸŤϰɣ
ôͻȻЩˣƴЩƣ̫Ѩô죬Ľ̫ˣ
㽫ԼԴֻļϣҪõֻһЩο
ŶողԻʱ˵ǧĺɰŪˣϪˮأҾʡֻƽ˵š
ƴȴһ̧ͷǧǸɰŪˣ
šֻ˵ͷҲ֪ҵûСҪûҵĻǧô
ǧʣˣװ޵һͷҪĺ׼ļ񣡡ƴǵóҪҲĻ¡
˯ȥǧһҡƴվֻ˵
ˣˣˣ
ǧִֺƫִԸ񣬽ҲͿ϶һֱȥǰϪˮɶҪȥֱҵΪֹ
µľҲһͷһɢˣһϸͷĶȥ
ԣʵĻһ£Ƴж٣ж񣿷Σŵĺʲôġ֪𣿡ֻ߬ס޵ۿĲԣ֣ص˵
Ѿڵ̻ˣΪǧ룡
Ҳˣ˭֪ʲô
Ŀڵ˰Ѿˣ
ǵáҺõʱǶŵģ˿һһá
˲ԱһһʮĽͷӸ˳
ֻŲԵͷԱȣôԲԣһͷģ
ţô
ȥüҪ֮󣬻ûҵĻֻôˡ
ֻ˼ҪǱǧ緢ô죿
ҲϸһҺͷҪĶһʱĲ֪Ҫôء
ū澵ͷЩǧ޵ͷֱģʮֵ˳˳ԿԼͷū澵ͷҲһЩ
ֻͷֿ˿ԼͷòƺͲĲࡣ
С㣬аôܼԼͷأһæֹ
ڱ˵ôˣϽȥüӡ
еģС㡣ūôΪū澶ϷأͷֻܸӣôܸأҪǡԲϵҡͷۿеˮһӿֳ
ԣҲΪ㡣ΪǧֻҪҧ˵ûпûˡǧûͷʹģͷ˻ԳֻҪм䣬ͷͲ˿
ѾˣǧȻϪˮѰš湬߹·߶˼飬ϣʲô֡
ȴһ
ֻվڲԶţǧһҹѾֱӰд˱ˣǧȻһһѰźɰпܵ䵽ĵط֪ƣ룡
ֻеĲɫɰһɹʡ
һ·Сܵܵǧĸǰǧ˵ĺɰǲ
ֻսɰóǧ˹ȥԭһƬҰ˲ȼһĨ
ϸļºɰĶ֮ǧظһӲɫҲõ˻͡
Ķҵģģ̌ͷֻ۾Ǹм
ֻǧûзκ쳣֮ŵǷŰɰǲ˼ĵ˵Ҳֲԣɰõڷ·ʯͷˣҲûע⣬ϴ·֮ͬɰ·һŵȵʱŷһɰС͹Ҿ͹ˡ
ûɹ·ʱֺܺڣ

429 С

429 С
ǧСĵĽװصɰУȻϧġһʧõƽⲻ£ԼСġлл͹
˵ҪǲϸĵĻҲôˡֻǧɫתҲ֮ǰǰСˡ
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֪һŪģģ̌ͷµӳ˫ᶨ
ֻ뿪ûãһŮһʪͷǧǰǧ㿴ϪˮϵˮҵģǲϪˮɰ忪ˣĶˡ
ǧŮлˮúסͷֿ˿кɰͷ
ڱǼǰᣬһɵǧıϢš
ǧĺ㳯ֻ뿪ķȥ
һĨ֮ɫѸٵȾ
ԶֻҪĲϳȥǧߴֱͦӰһ³ڲԵĸǰֱŵòˣֱ󶼵ǽϣ̵ָǲסĲš
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С㣬ҵѾҵˡǧܵһı䣬ûжı飬óһúֽĶ
￩һ£ǻǲΡΡùǧеĺֽǧ뿪ˡ
ֲ۽ĤѾɹˣƴǾҪȥҩȽ۽Ĥֲһȥƺü춼ܻƴǱǰһЩ齻á
ֻȻڳŻĸƴСʳ
С㣬С㡣ǧѾ֪ūŪɰˣոճָūһֽū澰ֽС㣬˵Ѿҵˡһ·ĻŻŵ߹
ֻ˲ͷĺˮùеĺֽһԼϻǧƳ˵ʱʲô飿
Եʱ¼ˣϸ룺ǰһҲûūô
Ǿͺá˵ʲôûУֻֽֽظԡ
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أȥǧ͵ǸǧǸˡҪҪˣ굽˾СҹǲԵġʱԼԵˡֻ˵ţԲһǣӵǡɳû֮ǰԵȻͲóˡ
뾵һﻪ챦ĺõط湬бѣҩȳ˸ҩ֮⣬ľǸũ͹ˡ
ǡСͷҪôԿеĺֽ˵
Ȼ˰ֻҲ˵
ôأСͷôҪĶҪǱˣǶСǺܲġ
Ŵ˾Ƿ⽨
Ǿ˻ˣֻ˵š
ǡǺðɡСĵĽֽպáȻͷбкаϣ״ԲԲԲͷʳָ󶯡θٲõ˿˶ϼڳԡ
ֻ룬һһСǸƴǳԵģСǸǸСèԵġ
ƴǶԸνϲ᲻֣ĺ޲˯ϲҪҲš
ȻҲϲƴܵľ˾ˡһ죬һʱ䶼ҪҪˡ
ֻõԲŽʳ֮ΧһȦü㲼ţܳ
֮һʯϪˮϴһ֮󣬱ʳгȥˡ
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Ҳû뵽Ȼô׵ҵǧ
ǧ磬СūġԿǧЩ£˵Ҳô
ǧվ£ͷʳðԲɫˬޣеԲԲ滹һϸϸɳΪǰһҲθڴ󿪡
Űɡһı䣬ûʲô
һ£ʮֵĸˣǡҲԣܹǧĵǸԭɱʲôҪ

430 ɰ

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ǧ磬㾡ԣС˵ıɳ˵ĻͲóˡ˵һ䣬Ա֮ǰɡ˳ˡ
ֻһƿիĴţ㿴Ȼƴǵţһƴǵͷһƴǵ
𿴸ֻССŵģ֫ˡ˱ק˵·֫þԸ˵Ϲţ߼š
˵͸Ƶġ
һֻ̱ƴǵ壬˳ƴǵĴȻһſ˫֣һĳֻУ衱
ƴǽ̵ģ
ոո߶ôûҪҳȥءˣƴǶԵŮ˼㱳֥˳ȥ
ۡúó԰費˳ĶҲֺóƯѾȲקֻ·ҪֻʲôóԵ͹
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˾˵ġСġͻѹȻƤȴҲû취
ƴһ룬Ҫ
ǸȴǾ̫óˣϲԱһЩ
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ƴǺֻһЦ¶һԿɰСζλϵֻСȣ͸ӻĳ
ԣСıֻŸǸлѵ
ȸ˾Ȣ衣ԺóԵġķʵ̫ѳˣѸҺõְѸȻˡһ飬ǵƴǺֻ˿Цá
Բ˾øˣ裬ǿǾ˾˵ģ֪𣿡ƴŸСԴš
šڵ˼ҲԲϣһ߳ţһӦš
ûøԼԲĹĵĶӣһݵĿǰʣһԲҪڳԣǶȴѾԱˡ
һ᲻µı飬ֻЦ
ʱСţԴӴ̽˽ŸĽš
ͷһۣ裬Ҫ㰢ȥˡʣµĵȸٳԡ
ˣɳ˾ͲóˣԣʱڸȥɣֻŸԲӣǵЦº͡
˼ɵľưԶˣ֪ԺƴǵĺǲҲɰ˰
áˬĴӦݡɿ˳ȥСţı֮󣬻عͷ֡
Ȼ󿴿ǿɰӡƴǻĵЦţһԲιֻߡ
أͲ뿴ڳʲôˣֻͣں͸Դء
Ϳҵʱʱ̶̿أҲ֪ƴǵԭȾģǸദˣҲˡ
ֻȴǷãЦ䣺ƴǣĲܴһȥ𣿡
ǧܸȥοˡͺúõĴŸ湬һƴǽеףﻹԲŴζ
ðɡ
۾κˣǱԴһسˣ˳ȥһԼһϹƴˮķ˵ļ䣺أҲڵЩӣ㲻Ҫ˼ġֻҪõʱθҾУ
֪˵ǲǼٵģҲֻѡȫϣͳĽϡ
ƴֻֽУУǧ޵ļտ쵽ˣ㲻Ҫȥǧ֪𣿡
Уֻ̱
˵ûУ浱Ҳ֪֮ǰϷŪǧ飿˼ΪİΣ룬űƭ㵹ãǧһƴ˵ţסֻҸ˵ôǧУȥǧޣ֪֪
֪ʱҲҲͿЦѡֻ뵽ǧ޵飬ﲻĬĬ̾һҲ֪ǧʲôʱܴӰ߳ʱ޵¶ҩöȥײǵһĻһܲҰɣ
ţ˺ܶѪƴǵȻᣬҲóҲʱĳ
ֻԼȥ뵱ʱһĻͦǧģȴĲ֪Ҫô졣
ǧȻҪڵ赼ġֱֻӸǧߣǶμ䣬Ͳһֱʹˡ
˵ڶ죬е˸еĺס;˾˸һСίͰ͵ĶҪ޳ˡȵ˿Ӱʱ򣬸ίС̻˷ܵЦա
СţֱɽٲȻһҪյӡɲܹס˶ˣڿɲ湬С
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͸ˮйһȦƵġ
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˵ձǰ·СֻһС㣬ɰ֫ԼźСƤҪȴ·Ҫĺ档
ֻǣŸСһֱߵϪˮߣһɣ
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ֱֻ֮ϪˮеĲ˷
ԴӳʳģֻҲϪˮһȽϱʯ壬ǲ˲ٵĺҶš
ھʣˡ
ԣȥǧЩ͹ֻ׵֮ԸԵ
ǧǲСĻɣԸ˵꣬ǧ㱧һɲ˲ԶתҪߡ
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ѽѽǧ塣ںҶϣӶС֣Ľš
Ьϡǧԭأ˵һ䡣
ֻҲ͸һһԷ۵ĽѾںҶϡѾ˵˺ܶˣֻǲ
ŽŶ
Уϴ˰ɣ
ֻЬ֮ǧżϵĲµˣϻ֮վҪߵ𴦡
߰ҶæվһԿţȥ𣿡ֻٴνסǧһϹǧĸǰţϴɾˣȿӵ֭ȻŵϪˮš
ԭΪһǧ϶ܾˣǧһ۽µϣϱϪˮȥϴˡ
С㣬ǲǹߵʱ򽻴ǧʲôǧŻСĻԺǺš
ֲǲˡæһûЪȥѲøȥϴϣȸϴˣҲʣƤˣֻЦ˵廨ŵʯϿǧ𿾺ˣҵϡ
ʯˢһͣȻڽ廨濾һ㷢ζҲӿԲֱӣͣʿɲԳˡ
ˣˡֻĿӼһ廨⣬մϵõĽϣһƬϴɾĲҶϣȻøŴ󣬾ͽƬ˰˸С
С㣬Ҷģܳ𣿡ĵ˵
ôܳԣǳĻ壡ҶҳġһԵĻûôˡҲһ˵ֻҲһƬ廨⣬˲ԵС
ţĺܺó԰ūǰԵĿȫһԳһڣ㾪ϲĵ
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ְֻһ廨˸ĵֱ۾
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ǧعͷ㿴һ߽廨⣬һ߾ŷ۵СֽһõĲ˰ݵԼߡ
Լǧ겻ıɽһ㲻ɵķһĨͣҪȥá
ȴǰĵУͲóˡ졣
һգǳ󺣵ޣȴְԵ˵ţκ˶ܾ˰ɡ
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ǧͣ½ŲһתһֱֻǲǾãҳķҾͱҪ˵ҵ飿
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ôƴǻϲ𣿡ֻҲͼǵЩҲˡ
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ֲɵǧ仰֮תֳȥķȥҪֻһ㡣
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ǧסüͷƲ⣬ٴγǰȥ
ղţǧɶˡӸ׾ٵĽ˰ǧʱ㷢ǧƺܳɰһס
ֻ˫֣һһĸȥǧĸǰʱִǧвƴôһûƴѧС˵ƴѧУ᲻еĺܿɰһͷɰСأ
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ôҪƴǰ˳ҸղųĸҲƴҸղŵĶͱҲһҪѧƴǿֻѿЦš
ǧٴһû˵ǰţƺҪֻһ㡣
Ȼֻ֪ǧҪĲĻʧģ°Ѵܶ˶׷ϡ
У㲻˵Ͳ˵¡Ҹ㽲ºˡǧǰţֻںţǰиŮҪŮоʮڹȥһ£ԼֻаʮŽڹģ뿪·ֻСϺףСϺڹΪʲôôģڹͰСϺ˵ǸպһԶ㵽ڹĶȥһΡһθպþʮڹΪʲôͻȻһڹһžͰѶСϺ׵ˣСϺڹĶʲôСϺ׾˵ڸ˽°
ʵҲպòǧû˵
ʵ֤ǧÿֶȥˡ
˵꣬ǧһͣ˽Ų˫̾ͳɨ˹ȻĴһ˿ŭֻȴ£ٵĴǣԴǧЦ

433 Щ˵ͺ

433 Щ˵ͺ
Ȼǧû˵
ȻѾҪˣΪֻҪǧʹӰ߳Ͳһ˴š
ΪԽһ˴ţû˺˵ԽǻڹȥĻУȻԽԽ
ԾӦʱʱ̵̿˵ӴһЩȤͿĵ顣
ǶôķḻʣȤֺαִֵĳǹȥУþöԸӰ߳أ
֮ļ죬ֻҪôøǧ棬ҪôһЩǧ롣
ֻ֮ҪһһһУ
ֻԺǧˣͻҪһѣ濾ԡ
ǻһѵĲͼԼҪĲ֮󣬱ǧȥˡ
Ͼһɳģ
ҲֻԱߵݵשͷ߸ǧ裬ʲôġ
ȴǺ˷ˣæıǧҪȻǸǧҵģָֻ£ѻˡ
ڴҵڴУѿƤִࡢȻûôʧǴ̿¶ȵҧһڣ˾÷ϴֵõġ
ֻɷʱɸǧһϾǳ࣬ˣ
Ŀǧɽˣ
ūĿǧ糯ɽˣϻŶʮֿ϶ĵͷ
áȥ׼Ķֻһ˵š
С㣬ȷǧ޵ļ𣿡ԽһʳеݵֻС
԰ԺҪŮһҪòԹɫ֪ûǰյǧȽϣЩĲ𣿸֣Ҳܾˣֻͭǰϵκͷһһȥֻһľбںڵ޷СϵﶼΪš
ǣյǧ˼һЩҲǲ˵ˡǧһ㲻˵ǽǧȷʵӵĳĬˡ
Խϣǧ϶ȥɽݼˣֻʮֿ϶˵
ūСһȥɣԵݹһյֻ
Ҫƽʱҿ϶㣬ǽ첻ͬǧ޵ļգ϶ǲϣ˴ŵġֻŵƻҡҷĵ߳⡣
ɽôǧȥʲôطݼޣҲ֪
ܲҵǧȫƾҵáҲԸҸطǧյֽǮĹƷҲˡ
ֻŵߵɽɽϵһͤĵƻԼµӰ
ÿ굽ǧ޵ļգǧҸطЩֽǮȴδԾȪ֮µ˵ʲô
ΪҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻǷȫңûд
Ϊ˱𣬽ӽĺӣմĺһǰҲûд
ǶûдǱͲ
˭ǧȻ˿̻عͷ
ֻһӻĹ䳤ȹһɫʳд涵Ӱ߳
һͷīĳֻһɫľ򵥵һ٣¶µա
ӻζֻɢ
һһԵˣ˴´綼ʮֵˬװˬȴ͸¶һݶׯ
ֻߵǧǰȡʳеĹƷǧȼյֽǮǰ
һģҲ֪ϲϲԡֻڡ
ǧŷڵϵļģϥϵֲɵսô֪ģ
ƴߵʱ˵ӵļտҪˣҽ˼ӣ½ӵļաִֻײʳóһϻ״ıɣѽѿıɡϻ״ҾĺӦûϲϾ׻һʱΪģ
ǧĺӵܹĻһˡ
ǧϥϵԽˣӳˮı˫ʹԽڡ
Ȼ֪ˣΪʲôҪңǧֱǰɤһı䡣
Ҳ֪飬ߡЩ飬ֻҪ˵ˣͲôѹˡֻǧճļգʹµüۣ˸к͹¼š
ʵڲԸ˵дֽϣ֮ڰյҲһЩġֻ˵Щ֮󣬱ߵͤǧӵĶ
ûдҪ뿪Ϊڵǧ˵ĬĬʤǧҲõİο
ֽζɽӣ֮󱻷һѸٵɢˡ
ǧֱֽǮȼ꣬һϨǧԾάŰơҲ֪˶ãģ̌ͷͤķȥֻվ

434 Լ

434 Լ
վɽȥֻҲŵʳиȥ
ԶĬĬĸǧǧȥĶȥĶ
ǧһ̧ͣͷ¹⻺ڵҵĺܹĻӦҲǰɰƤϲˮ֦ҲҽͷָȥĶµʱ򲻶ϵĵ
仰ǸȻǶֻ˵ġ
ܹǧ˵һǺѵõġ
Ҳ˵⼸յĸгɹġ
Ҳ˵һȡɰСŮԸһ˳ɣϲĻ§ĲӣĽʱʱϰһڣ㿩ЦšСŮѾˣ͵֬ˮȻԼһèѧӣָϰͿͮͮޢŶСӸͷȻСӡֻɤ˵ţǧһõĸŮ档
ǧ⣬תֻ˫ڱ˫ûǰҫͬһźʯںڰԡ
벻Ҫֻ𴽰һĨĻȣ㱼䣬Цݺɤ·ħһ㡣
ǧɵĿʼԺгֳֻ˵Ǹ档ůĴ紵ǿűסģʹ֮ڻ
ȻǧĴǸƿһĨ΢ЦĻȣǺֶܿ
ԵҲ㣬Ѹٵȥ
ҪҪ쿪ʼֻȴʱǧ߽һҲ֪жϲӣ֪Ǽ¶ĳܴ㺦һ˵ŮʹһΣȻʧȥһΡԼ߸ߵĳǽԸκ߽˶¶һ⣬еĴ̣һнߣ
ֻ˵꣬ǧͫ΢΢һ£Щҵƿ⣬ºȫֻһ㡣
ǧڷˡΪϲһŮӻϴ£Ϊ㻳Ϻӣһ̵ֱô֮ɱ㡣ɱˣֻҪҵͻᶯ֣ǲȵ㶯ʱֵģֳֻǧ߽һ˫ˮӯӯĿǧ
ϣϲŮӡĵҪ޸ΪޣΪŮΪʲôһᣬҲԼһأֳֻֿһȪ˵飬ˮߡ
ǧļⶼɵĸŲһ¡
Ϊ´һܺõĹ㲻ÿϧ𣿡ֻ˵
ǧڵͫһˮҰ㣬ìܺ͸ӡѸٵתȥڰһ½˶סΪʲôͻȻҵ飿
ڱɽׯʱߣΪƴǡҲΪƴǣԼǷĶ飡ҪܿӵӰ߳Ȼ¿ʼԭǸ㣡ֻʵ˵е뷨ҲϵϣԽԽá
ҲֻôˣؼĻҪԼҲϣܽҵĻȥúõһ롣ĻѾ˵ˣҪǧǲҲûа취ϾôɡɰһŮԺĲҪ𣿡
˵ֻǰȻеĵ£ת뿪ˡ
ǧͷŷڵյٻɫĵͺǺڰΨһһĨ㣬ʹڰûһ㡣
ƴȥҩѾˣ˵ڰڴҩȴϢ
ƴǵ۽ĤֲܳɹֻΪʱܼ⣬Ҫȵϲܻ湬
Ϣֻĵɢ˵ıŲԺ͸ֱͲϲˡ
Ǿ˾Ժܿ𣿡ֻôˣҲգһ˫۾һͯʵ
ǰԺڵƤ˾˾ͿץȻСƨƨˡֻգ˷ܵ˵š
ƴǽͻˣҵȥƴ׼һٷʢֻ͡Ժ˼ҪĲˡ϶ǲܳˣҲܸˣˬɿڵķ˰ɡ
ǿӳ԰ɡָշһֻ׸룬촽е
һ̧ͷһֻɫŸͿշţɵǰԺǽ֮󣬱ͣ
컹˫ϲţһݷˡ
ֻܳȥǧѾŸȡŷ
ңҡֻҲ˲Ƕ̫ˣֱӴ˳ȥ

435 ƴǻ

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ǧżֻ֮ȲĴ򿪣Ȼݷдġ
żдƻָѾˣܿžˡ
˵ݷ㲢ûкƾԲҲֻһ
µľݷȻ鸴ȼ
ݷҲֻ˵Щѣû˵ĹϵΪκת
ûϵȵ˳ϸϸˡ
ǧֻɱˣȻþ迾ԡϲȻζġҲ֪ʲôʱܳˣקǧ½ǣָԺǽϻûߵİ׸룬˵š˵껹͡
Сè֪ԣҪǰֻŸˣ˭ǴţֺֺֻЦڸСһ¡
ֱֻԴЦş̌ǳ󺣰ӿֻ裬ȻҾǸġʦèһСèȥЩСèſϲˡ
˵קֻȹǾҪҩȥ
ֻعͷǧһЦ͵èȥ
ۣĺÿɰū澺һֻԿһѻδۣſĸèԺ̵Сèɵķһ˵껹ȥһСèȴĸèһצӸ˻
ԣ̵ĸèܻġֻε˲ſıֻЦ˵
ǺĸèǵһμĸèһֱܲġţиԱ߰š
ǰֻСĸèŲˡЩĽ˵šһӡ
һֻѾ̵СèԴĸèҲûж
ֻèƲԣæӸнӹֻСè¸СèŪˡ
Ա˵ĴյֻĸǰСţĺÿɰҲÿɰ
СèֻĻзһϸ΢СҪȵѪ۶ˡ
С㣬С㣬ū澺뱧ȥԵѾȻˡ
ֻСèߵǧĸǰǧôɰСè벻Ҫȥ
ǧһ۱ŵֻȷʵȣܿɰ
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Ҳǧʺ¿ôɰСè˾˲ʺЦ繳ж֡
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ǧƺҲѾϰˣֻԳĬӦԡ
ֻ׼һӲˣǰκˡ
Ǽ˾żϣƴǻ
һĨɫӰ¹ºֻ˷ܵǰ׼ƴһӵȴ棡
ȻʱֻѾɲסˣֱӾ汧һ
Сãô˷𣿡ȵĽסֻˬʵЦ˵ȻָȴǲСĻֻ۵ĸ첲һѪ
㿴ô۵ļ͸ָ׻ˣϧֻĸ첲óһҩƿ
û£û²ǸС˿ڶѡֻΪҪԼҩæ
𶯣ѪɲˡûȥιҵСȥȻȴҪѪȥιߡ
ֻҲǿЦãҲ⣺㣬ƴأ
ѽոֲãЩӦԴЩΣ۾ҲЩ͡˵ǿ壬ǾյòáĽںءߵ̫ԼȻˡָָüһ¡
ֻһ̾ͳǰȥҲ˸ǻĽ
СӣûŪϣЦҲŴ
ΪƴǵԴΣ۾ĽȻûӦãƴӼв˵ʱ˾ǰǼеȴǿ
ֻιƴǳԵġ
ƴֻһ£ֻţԴ۾һ˲˲Ķֻ߸ǷˮЦ⡣
۾ϢϢˣֻƴţն΢΢ķһĨһ졣
ôÿĿùƴǵ˫ҫűʯҪ貵ĹâɤҲΪͳдԡ
ֻԽĺˣ̧ͷ͵͵һϵˡ
СֻҪ˷ֻгԵģ˿УԵ
Ľ׺ˣ߳Ա˵ǵ˺óԣȻƼԷȥǵˣ˳̽Щ˶ʲôʽԼʲôϡ
ǧʮרעĳŷͷβû̧

436 ƴǵСϲ

436 ƴǵСϲ
ҶƴǵٶӶҲֻ΢΢һʢһᴵ˴͵ƴǵߡ
һ಻ҷԽͻˣҲԽԽĸǱˡƴɫԸе˫˵Ķֻ˵黰
ֻȴߵòУߺˣýƴǵĽţС˵Ҳιˡ
ƴȴֱ壬סֻ֣׾뵽УҳԱˣ԰ɣ
֮㳯ķȥһ˫ŵ˫۰Ц⣺ùң
ңƴǵĻ
ǧǰĲ˶ˣ㻻˳԰ɡ֮ƴֽ䵽һͷԷǧϡ
ģ̌ͷһЦлԴЩСƴǣ˼ĵ˵ͷ
ֻһ˶˺ðŷӦƴǣղǲǶװģͷΣ۾Ҳǣһõĺܣ
СðҸ˵ҵܵܳһѹӵģʵһӵĻˮʱ͸˵һζûι۾ˣԺ͸ιˣԱ㼫ߥһأ̯еȣЦΪġ
˿òĽ׳ֻº͵ЦЦ
ƴǣ̫ˣֻúݺ̧˽ţƴǵĽŲȥ
ǧſӵֶһ£ֻһۣȻĬĬվ
ƴЦ绨ƺһоʹ
ֻͷһƴڲ֪н˫ŲһߣֻӶѡ
ȻողȵǧĽš
Сðƴʹ㻹治Ķ֡ǧСʱǧٴΣǧ˶ٺڹ濴ֻı飬ƵסǰһƳҹָж໵
ֱֻĲУצľͳƴ˹ȥҪƴµЦ˺һ㡣
Ķƴǿ죿ûƴǾվ˾ΧԲʼ׷
ÿֻҪƴǵʱƴǱһˡֻ׷ϵʱƴֻķӣֻΪһץˡ
ڳĽ׻еĸˣҲСҪֻƴһ档
СͱȥˣĽָõߵķ°صС
ողſĸôͱĸϻˡƴǺֻѾܳ˷áΧһ滨׷š
ƴǣվסָֻŽǰȴץƴǣ߳ŭ˵š
˿׷ֵˣ滨ֵ÷㣬ǰഺá
˻ǰ䣡Ե˵
ƴҲСԣĽҲЦ˵
ǧֿʵĲձ¹ţ¤һ㵭͹Σһֱı˫һĻȡǺ㡣
ƴǺֻѾܳԺӡֻҲ׷ƴǣ߬ȭͷƴǼ£ƴȴҲһֱܡ
ֻԽˣֱӾ׷ƴǴ
׷һտĵطʱƴһȴǲˡ
ǰȴһյյúɻСƣڵϣγһС·ƺָֻȥʲôط
ֻ˿ܣԥ˼֮󣬱˳źɻƳǰȥ
û߶ԶһĶڡֻ߽ȥ֮һƬ޺Ļҹɫнĵǰ¹ҫ£ȼյһ㽫ֻΧѤõϢΪҪЩ״ǡġεġ
о»뾵еƷ֡⻨ֻϲŻῪֻе¹ڻʱŻ᷺⣬¹ԽŨǻɫԽŨҺֻǰĻʱƴȴһ´ӱֻס˵š
ֻɵֵסһǰ¹⣬Ȼϵĺ㲻ˡ
ֻɵзһ̾׷㣬⻨
˵ŮӶϲϲ𣿡ƴ§סֻʣųɽӳĹâů磬ƺ
ֻһƬһȼյľ»ӭƴ˵ͷʱ⽫ֳһΣ
ⶴֵȫǾ»ֻΪûб¹䵽ûзֶѡֻͷ¹Ķڣһ״ͲȥѡԲǻεģ¹εģ
һ𣿡ƴ޳ָֻ°ִͣЩơԵʵ

437 ǧʵ

437 ǧʵ
ϤĳϢеϢ籡ֻÿһƬļһƬ̡
ᡭֻΣѩ滨СͬȾ֬ӻһ㣬Ľˣ˲ס
ֱƴţиһƬȣԵȥ
һҹǲĥҹյɬĶ㵽Ʋ
ϲţֻİõƴǵĻУָƴǸͶι
̣ˡֻֻ۾ܾˡ޳ֱ˫ȻֵĻζš
ƴǳ磬ֻĶߵҳѧèУ̫ɰˡٸҳһ顣
ֻҡͷ
ѧһè
ѧУֻЦ˵š
ƴֻıǼ⣺ֻСèһ
ǧһ߽㿴ƴٯٯһ飬׼˳ȥƴȴѾǧ
Ա𣿳ԱˣȥʰûУҺǧҪ˵
ƫֻȴŽʲôҪ˵ģ
֮飬һСŮôǵòǲԺƴǶֻΪΡ
ôһˣŲеȥ泯˾ǺءҾҪ˱Ҫ˵ʲôֻ§ƴǵĲһҾǲߵӡ
ƴû취һǧֻǧˡ
ɣԭҲʹǧٸ˵ġ
ƴҪֻԼֻȴ׼Ųߡ
ʾ޹֮ƴֻ÷ˣǧ¶һĨǲ˼ЦգǧҽҪµݾϾʱҲҪŻȥ˼ȥ̫ҵСŮΪʣ֪Σ
һ仰ƴԵüΪأѯǧ˵˵ѡ
ǧԥһ£򴽵ûСС빬
ǡμӧңΪȻߵùȥ׽ԲŻ֮֮֡ǻܹμŮ빬ĻҲ˳ĸμ鹣οһ֮飡ƴǵ˵㣬˵š
ʲô˼Ѿŵ̫Ů빬ֻ˵ɫȽ࣬ҲٸƴˣԾĴƴǵվ
ǡ̫ʱʦ̵ҵĹΣƴһͷȻֻ˵һ룬֮˿ǧɫֶֻʵһҲδȫţһѪǧ£
ɶֻˣһԣʹü۵ǧ̫Ķӣ
ԭΪǧ˵ĳͨȴû뵽Ȼô߹
ǣΪǧҲ˫ӣڳҪġ̫˲ᣬĸĸ㽫ǧ͵ҽ֮ǧҵԭ̫Ҫһߵġһ᲻áҲǵպֵ˷ִ¡źĽǧ˶ˡ̫һŮǧµãƴǶֻţҲŻǧѯǧ
֮Ҳûʲôˡ
ֻ۾ǧתţǱ𾪵ˣ
ԭΪƴʵݾѾԾˣ˵Ҳһ
ԭǧΰǧֻȵ˵šƴء
ǧֻǵĴŶѡǧʵֽ谲½͡Ҹʸȡġƴ˵
谲͡ǰͣԢãҲʫⰡΪֻ֣;ǧϵʲһˡ
԰㲻ҪȥǧΪƴǴǷ㽫ĿͶǧϡ
Ҿðɡμǰӧңҿûһׯ͵µĻʺҪ¸һݰɣѾҵһӢˣȥһӧˣ۰ҪǱҵһЩ;ٶˡôԵһ塣Ҫǣǧһɡ
֪ƴ뽫õĶӧҶ˵һεѹ
Ըƴ˵һɽҰ帾ʱ֮ºӵġ
ҲЩҲЩơ
ҲίҲáƴֻǧ˵ݣһָܻÿһʱǧ¶˳ǰȥݼŮ빬ұΪμ޽ãһĹ͡ÿǰȥݼʱ򣬱ҲĴǧǰȥ

438 ŮĻô

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ֻתһٴοһԵǧǧӦǲҪðɡ⼸ڵҲǺġ
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ƴҲ֪ǧͬ⻹ǲͬˡ
ֵܸ֮飬ҲؾʲôΪѣ˵ʲô˵ʲôƴԵ˵
ѽͱΪ˼ǧˡֻһƴǵ䡣
ȴʱǧڵȫƾӵ˼
˼ǿɻǲɣƴṴһĨº͵
ɡǧ΢ͣһ£ĵ
Ըɢ״̬ĸǰ۰Լĺӡ
ȴΪʰһĶʲôԵġȵģģģ뾵еģ޲ȫӴϡ
桢Ľ׷ֱʱҲԵĵ˼ˮֳѹ
ǵ뿪뾵֮󣬸ж˷ˣΪһֱ뾵ϣ˵Ѿ뾵ܱˣԿǰȫµķ羰˵͸汦Ƶģϴʲô棬ʲôҪһ¡
˳ǣǲˡֱûһգۣ˾Ͳˡ
Ҫƴ߶Ǹ֣ľҲˡ
ֻտʼоŸŸ֡ǹ˼ʱ֮󣬾ʵܲˣͽǧȥܡ
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ةƴǲϧµҪӭȢΪ󣬹ƾһеǱҲȫˡ
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ةԽƸԽϲڼ仹˸֣һһˣةŸԴֱ
һĽةһ⹫ԼڳĲżϻ͸ةࡣةñжˡ
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ƴȻʮֵĸˣֻѵˮһ֮󣬱ֻȥˡ
ֲ˼ϾؾɣһδףȻǲԸҹҷġؾʵһҲδŮġƴ޳ֹֻһ鷢ڵͫӳֻµա
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ȻôϲүҪүһүˣôȥүᰡֻ͵㲻쳤ؾõĺүһˣ
ܼңͰѶСϳšû֪ܣݺŮ¿޵ȻܿةȴҲĴϺܱʹȴļ
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ǶˣҲΪ̫ϲаԭ򰡡֮Ҳδκˡ˶ɣȻϾãȻԼĽ顣
Ȼǲ֪λýҪɱҰɣȥһˣֻҲûڸ¼ƽˡǽһûУϵ̼ǿɾͱ²ˡ
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ƴ˫ֻɻ󣺡֪Դװ˺ܶḻĶΪʲô˵Ļ
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ҲҰֱӸǧҵʱһżͷŵġֻԽ˵ԽСһ˫ȴ͵͵Ĺ۲ƴǵķӦ
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Ȼߺߵ߳ȥˡ
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Ҹ㣬ҿɲǶ㡣ҪǰұƼˡȻӣƫĵһѻӣ˭ޡ
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ŷ˿ǶĽӣʿˮǻΪѵĵǴС㣬ҪǱү֪ˡ
ϻˡҸʱ䡣ֻûĵ˵
С㾡ڽӵջ£ŷԺŸˡ
ֻԺֱ֮ͷķȥ
ȥţҸ˵ȥߵһľȻµʱֻͣ˽Ų°ָָǧס˵
ɫЩΪѣȴֻĻŵǰš
ûһ㴫ǧͳɤ˭
ǡңԣһ˵ţһܡҹ˵ķţǱ˿ˣΪ͵ӵأ
ʲô£ǧЩãʵ
ҼСūǧ˵ϣǧܹӭȢȻС㣡ԽֻĻ֮󣬱תͷֻ
ֻǽȻǰƣʾǧôشġ
ҰѾ˵ˣҲȢС㡣ҵĻ£κ˲֡С㣬¡ǧɤڴʢĵҹ͸Щ⣺ҹʲôȥҹӡڸ˵
仰ٲȻˡ
ûУֻбüۣһĵӣұ£
ȻҲû뵽һȻܶ˵ĻҾܾĿν൱ס顣
ȻָǧӣٲȻǱĲᣬҲǾö档
һССô˲񣿡Ȼ˫֣šһ˫üʵ
ȥҸֻеָǧķ䣺Ҹ㰡ˣҪȥ˯ˣҲңˡ
˵ձŹȥˣȻȴǲûҪߵ˼
ЩǵʵС㣬᲻ʲô°
ܳʲô°һСѾͷƬӣܰǧôţǼˣ˵ǧܰϣǧ䵭ǧ֮ӣŮ˶û취
ֻ˵ûãһ춯ԭȻ֪ĶЩʯͷɶģǧźʹҡ
ͨһ죬ֱӱʯͷҳһ΢¹ӴȥԼԼһĨӰվڴ¡
Ȼ²ҲҪˣѾˡ
ҲϽֻҪܡ
ʲôܣǧ书Ҫ׷ĶܣֻǺܵ벻Ȼӻǹġ
ҲãֱӷйܱȱʹҪǿ
춯ȻǾԺѲߵ
ôʡĵŮ˼ҶǶӲʡģȴŮӶĴʵǡ˵ڶϣة֪Ϣ֮󣬳̾˵š
ƴǶŲ豭ЦЦС㻹ûмǣҲǸСԡǧֱ׵ľܾȻСûӡҹȥ´ҲǷйвˡ
ةֱͷ۵ĳƴǰڰ֣Ϸôһة࣬ŮȴأҹȥǧҺϷȼ֮ǹٻ£Ȼ´ȥ֪ҪĶأ
Ǳ߹ܼȻ˽ͷȻɫȴǱ鲼ơ
ȻǧǸةһȣ˵š
ȻɫϾةֿ࣬һվƴһɽǧ߶ֲ鲻ԸĵŮʲôˣԼҴҲдˣ
㻹ǿʶôʯͷҽȥҺǧ书ȥˣҪǻͨˣָᱻҳʲôأة໰˵üΪء
Ȼվһԣʹͷ·һĲǿʯͷҲһҵİ

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˭ةͺʵ㾿˶ȥңϷͳͳ˵Ϸһġ
ŮȥġǴȥġȻةô˵Ȼ̾Ͱֻ˳
ȥҵĴةüš
ŮѾҵûȷʵǴҳȥİҪǴ㣬ҸͳԺŰȻֱ׳˵š
ҪҲܹⷣһ
ȥҰѴСй
С㻹˯أܼҿ˿صɫش
ǾͰӴϸةܻ˵ţֱΪ׵ϡ
ֻŹǷ߽һ⣬һƨɾҪƴԱߡ
վةȴһɤӺ
һ˺ӵˣôȻһְҹȻȥǧĴҪҵô죿
ֻһ±ƵĿةֿ֮࣬վһԵȻûȻȥҰȻԼҵİ
ҹܵҷҪ֡ĲУҡ
ʹȻȥǧĴˣةӵ
ֻһҸȥҴҪ޸ǧֲҪ޸ǧֻ֪ǧȢûëǮϵԼѾĶҴġ
Ȼң㲻֪ŵ𣿡
ҵʱѾˣѾһξˡֻʾԼ޹
û˯ãϲأһ
ةǾԼδô˹ҲܴҹĴȻȥȻ˻ԼģҪǴȻδңȻҪ˻İ
ةν¶ΪԼŮţȻļŮԴ˲мһˡ
⾣ǸСط˻ϢȥˣǽҲˣةصϣνݡ
Ҳû취ҹȻܵҷȥҳ˵ڴҲȻһӡҾʹȥԺǧ˵ˣ˭֪ǧ˵ôֱӡƤƢˣҲסֻҲʾԼ޹
ֲҲǲպ衣֮٣ƴֻ˵飺ȻˣҪиİ취ɴֲ͸ǻسסҲϸ길Ůϣ
԰͸ǻسˡпյĻͻ㡣ҿȻҲ̫ϲѡǸңǸɴֱӾͽԼȡˡȵ˳ƴǸѡġֻҲǺϣԼĵܺԼسġ
ϾľԽԽáս˵͵ˡ
Ȼ˵ȣƴǵͳϽ£϶һպùһյġ
а𣿡ֻȻһãȻ״̬ʱаȻôÿ
ǳˡƴǵ
ȻԽˣָǧǶ㲻˵аߵİôֳˣ
ȻЩͱˡھ͸ҸǧǸȻȥùȥһ춼׼šةŭδüţԵʮֵԥìܡ
ϾĵطԼһ֮࣬һȥ˳Ϳ϶ǲڻġ
ͨѹɣ
ȻһǧԵúǲԸ⡣
ֲҴòȫûйȫС档Ծ˰ɣһϣСҲˣСȻȥϢɣƴһ˫Ŀڵ
ϣֲܹؿһµ顣ֲĹҲףֲģ²ֲΪѵġô˵ĻѾȥаЩڵġʮ֮ڣ֮ǲսġƴ仰νǴةеǡ
ǰͱԥˣϽʰʰ߰ɡôҡҪڳʲôίԶǧ֮˭ȥֻһЦةĸ첲ʮܵ˵š
ƴǶҺܺã˭֪Ժأ˭֪᲻ǵڶϹأ
㲻˵»Ǹ˻㣬㣿ةֹֻ̿ĻǶƴǵϿɡ
ƴǵһԣֻ΢΢Цһõӡ
ҪǲȥҲˡˣֻҲˣ
㡭ңɲ㣡ة˵
ǲȥҾǲޣֻ˫ֽѹӨ󡢼ϸ°¡
㲻ô֣ة˵ţֿ֮˿һԵƴǡ
ƴһ֮صЦݣֲҶġ
㡭¿ɰةˡ
ھ˼붷ص˼֮ةȻʵĲԸ޸ܼң
Ը⣬ҲŲϲأȻ̻ص
ǡةԵûЩԥ
¾ôˣֱֻվةܼңھȥܼңһɽŻ¸ˡ
ַֻԸȥʰνС
˵Ͱ죬ȫة෴Ӧ˼ʱ䡣
һһ磬ֻ㽫ˡ
ة߶ū;ͼָľֱӾ͵ǲɢؼңָµĲҵةŵù˴
ةڳסĲĻҲʱ
˵ݷĽųҲӦõˣʰ⼸죬ֻʼնûȵݷ
Ѳɣݷ㲢ûֱȥ˳
㣬ϴҲԣҲðҹȥ㷿ֵġ̫СǳˣȻϿҵֻŴڵĸֻһƻ
ֻһȻ֪ȻеСС˼ġ
ʱǸȻֻǵǸô򵥡
Ŷ֪ˡֻûȥȻݹƻǶϵһڡ
㣬ԭκòãȻյֻǰһСĵӡ
ɵӶ֪һȥ˳ҪֻȻȻҪֺֻˡ
ֱӸ˵ʲô°ɣǧǰﲻ㡣ֱֻ׵˵š
ҲŲΪأȻǧôֱ׵ľܾGô棬ǰͲüźãôܻΪǧֻ
ҪǵǸСǳˣպΪ¶ĻֻʵͷİɡֻҪ㲻ңǲȥģ㿴㵱ԩңҪɱҵġڲĺúõ𣿡
Ȼֻô˵Ҳˣ¶һĨЦ⣺㣬Ժ㻰ġҲԲ鷳Ҳǲϣ˳ܸܲҸżң
Ҳϲ޸ЩˡҵȻҲû޸ʲôȨƵ˼ң޸Լϲ˼ҡȻԽ˵ԽС

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ϲʲôˣֻȻⷬҲȻô̰ġ
Ȼһ£ʵϴκͶةฮ͵ܳȥүʱҾ;ЩŽ˶˧Ǵڸпǧһѽ˱ֱ޳ҾͶкøˡ֪ô䡢飡
Ȼ˵ǧһӻ𡣺棬ÿÿǼ飬ߵ޵ݡ
Ŷˡð졣ƴкܶģȵ˳㿴ûϲġҪ˼ҲҪϲ㡣Ȼ޹ȥˣҲίġֻԳݣ֮֮˵ţҲҪ̫ˣСˡ˼ҲϲǲϲҪԼةŮµ˾ͶҪϲ㡣һҪã
֪ˣ㣡Ȼ˵ͷ֮뿪ˡ
ֻҲ֪Ϊַ˵飬Ȼǲܺ׽ġҲû㡣
ֻҪȻһڻС
С㣬˲ˡС㲻֪֪үҪȥڹҪүԼææֻ߽˵
ǻʱةŹܼȥµׯӺȥˡƴŸȥСеΧˣȥˡ
ָֻһˡ
ô찡ҪҪöСȽʱ䣬˶Ųվ¿أԺǽ˵š
ˣ
źˣ±˿Цѵָ£
ûһһΪѵܹаС͹յ£ôҪиôãүôԾټҰǨ𴦣һڴ˵ء
ʲô˼Ǽ޳ȥŮˡֻԽԽԾǰ߸ʲôϵ
СߵѾ߻һֽ˵үūû˿ȥáС㻹˵Լ޴ȥˣĶһ˵Ļһͷײָǰ
ҿҲǹģֻһ¾ˣ¶ԼǹݵġȻԼķҺˣһи׳нԶϺ·ĵҪȥ
Ȼֻһ֮Ըô϶֪ЩʲôȻô
㣬ڹ棬˵ͷѾˡ޴ȥȥûһȻҲ˹ǸϽȥѵлõ
ֻǳĿһȻ£Ҫȥ飿
Ȼתһ£ű㴹ͷϾҵ׽㣬һԺҲ֪ʲôʱټˡұд˷Ÿҽ㡣Ҳû뵽ôȻֱӸҺˣ
ڶҺˣּٲҪĻǶֻͷˡǽͬģȻµġ
ֻյһ˫˸Ȼϵɨš
Ȼҹ֮һʱ֮±ָſڡ
ȻҲ֪ƴǵʵݣƾʲôҪһżҡ
ڽ鴮һжˡ
ȻҸղŸ˵ɣֻҪ˲ңҲǱ˵ġֱֻ壬ȣеľȡ
Ҳ֪ԺĻϵġãǽҪأ°뱲ҸҪ
㣬ʲô˼㲻ΪҰȻί˵š
ȻҴûҪʲôø顣ض²ˣЩ飬ҲֻȫϣûǨŭǽϡһֱĶΪı֡ǽҪżңҲܡҲҺˡֻȻһ˵ףҲܴȥġҪôھͳȥ㣬ЩǮ뿪Ҫôͺһͷ
Ȼ벻ղŻк˵ֻȻ˲䷭
Ǵ㣬¸޹ذֻǸ߶ҪȥѵҲдѵҪһľ뿪ʲô鶼ö֪ô˵ҲּҵŮǸ׵ŮֻȻֻǾȴһεѹɢȻ˵Сġ
ˣϵСӡ
ǰҪȥȥ뿪ָʲôԣǳ飬ҪȥҪǽˣҾֻý㣡ֻ˵ţȻĴǾһĨЦȴû˿¶ȡ
ȻĵЩˣǶ˵ˣҪһ˶Ļһͷײָǰġ
ðھȥײ̶һײģǰײָǰҾͰ̧ײġҸطˡϾǼ޳ȥŮˣǲּصġֻһˣĵĶȻ˵
㣬δҲ̫ˣȻ˵š
ǲ̣ǻΪжж۸أֻһЩüѿʪĴǣаȵЦţȻӣĺҰһżҰ
ȻҪ˵ʲôȴǱߵѾ߸סˡ
С㣬ҪǶСײָǰô죿Ȼ߳ȥԾͿʼ
öС㶼¹ˣȻ¶˾ġ
ҾûײֻȴǵʱһϢٵӣˡ
ûһȻͻˡ
˵߿ԣǱǵ׿ڸ˵С
ⲻҪȵةȻһ
̫¹ţɹţʱװģһײȻѾһһΡ
Ȼļƾ͵óˡ
㣬ҲȰˣǶѾͷҺˡҲȰȻΪѵ˵š
ȻҪƲɾ
ֻŲԹ˹ָѹڲԵĶߵӺ͵͵ȥȥҹӣùӾȥҵһҪ취סҵҵָˡ
˵ֻ֮һ΢ЦĿȻðȥԵˣҪ𣿡
аɣǾͺ¡˭ĵù˭̫µֲ
ԣȥīѧֻŲգһ۾
Ե˵ͷ˳ȥ
˵ûѡʱǰѡʱ䣬̫âʱǰٲȻ׼
ʱ̫ҲôˡȴǿԸӪһҡģ
ȻҾ͵Ȱȣȵ𣬿ֵ˶ȥˣҲûة
ȻżǷʹࡢܡ
ϵĺˮ·ʪˣɫ̫ɹúģӶͷĺˮݵ۾ˡ
Ǹɵð̡
ڵ¿νͷǣʱιȥĿܡ
ȴòǿţΪةûĻһΣֻͿ϶˽̧ȥ
һϷȫ׷ˡ

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ǹأֻͷûôˣҡľȣȵ߳˷䡣
͸ŷ쿴ǿɵᳶ´ǻȡ
ǰСüζҪȥˣһֱǿšŷ˻شҪҪȥС͵ˮȰ
ϾָĶС㣬Ҫǳʲô£Щ˻ĵ𰡡
ð
䣬ű㡰֨ѽһˡѾȫˮּҪ̧ǰȥ
һС˶һӴ˳ɫſԣһȡƸõŮӣֳľȣЦٻͻһϺõľ㣬ԭͨſһ
СȵˮɣС˽ˮ˵¸ǰ
Ȼµ۾ȴſλ续Ůӡ
ĵЦӳƽյĲϼʢڴĺĻѤöҫۡ·һ˲䶼Ȼʧɫ
¶˶촽֫ڵأǰԭһ˫Өȴһڿݾ㣬ſɬ˫ɳƣ㣬Ҽɣ
ֻҪߣһߣǿͱ΢
һֻɥȮһ㣬ֻǰɱ
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ҵӣȷʵۡ
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ҲǵڻûлֻȶеľȡҡӣȫûκηӦ
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㣬ǰ֪ˡڸһλɣ³ֻһͷʹŵҺ룬ڲһ޴ȥˡ
»һ٣ٶսĵߡ
ֻȹڣżߵߣעһŲ԰׶£֪ʲôҵҲ޶ȵġڻûзǰϽ뿪ָ֮ǰЩޣһӳԴˡ
㣬ڷҹȥˡֻҪصңТúûڹΪµĴѡ㣬ΪʲôƫҪϾɱԸһ¸Ĺ˵Ļأ¿޵ñʹ˳
ҪڹҪӦȥ䷢ΪᰡȻÿΪͷ𾭣Ҳһ־ТˡֻЦ˵
㣬͵ôģ¿ݾһ˫ֻ
ͼŰɣǲġҪΪһζҺװͻᲩñ˵ͬ飬ˣֻ˸ӵ񣡡ֻת¶˵һ仰ӰΪĮ;顣
ǾţǶСҪѰҲšȥֻŷ˷ԸιȥˣǾ׼ҹ͵µȥ
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仰ȫϣ˲顣Ȼֻôᶨŵ˵Ǿ˵Ĳ
㣬Ͻ߰ɣĲˡȻסµ壬Ҫ
ȴҡͷɢֲŵĿǰѾûк·ˡұһȥȻҪô죿Ҫô죿
¾ĳȻţɳƸɺԵɤΪһĽкԵøӵļ񡢴̶
ȻãҪңң
㣬Ҳ㣬Ҳ˵ȥˡ飬һԺĻвңô죿ȻҲܡĵȰţ㣬ǳδĻʺ󣬶λǳĻϡ˵ˣԺҪİţֻ㡣
ֻҪˣӡ²ԸʵҲǲԸһ
Ǽôں㣬Ͳ뿴㡣ǻسܹϺõˣʱΪʺôôҲеǷ֪ʧʲôȥȻ̵һ
ȴǲԸһУϵظһ仰һ˫ǾЪ˹ͬʱǿҵĺ⡣
㣬ҵİɣڳˣ˸ż֮ڰ͵͵ĽӹȻסҡҡ׹˵
ȻأȻô˵˫ŰûκεĲӵţҹżµ
ҲܱһҪðȻҲֻЩˡ
Ȼ֪ҪĸͲЩҪĸ࣡
Ҫֻһͬһͬ޹һˣƾʲôҪֻ
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ΪһǵŻôϲģ
ΨһľûһƤң
ѵԺҪ޶޼ҿ𣿡µǻȴΪݺͷ񲡣
㣬鵽һûõİ취ˣȻȥ̼£ȴҲò˵ʵѹ
仰ڸǹײĵһg㣬ҲûκĿܡֱӾˤ˵
ɫ԰ֽǱ͸ǣȻºȻ뵽ʲôץסȻ֣ڰһæһΣ
ϡ԰ֻױСαأúõĺͷҹӲΪʲôҪԶԼĺ·Լ·ˡ
ԵеˣϾѾ޼ҿɹˡ
żҶܻˡ
ΪģֻֻǼ򵥵˵֡
ҵƴǽסĻɽׯ𣿡
ǰԵ˵ͷ
ǽָǾֻˣֻЦ˵ȻĪľеµĸоˡ
С㣬ɱʱ˭֪ӻ᲻ɱһǹأҪڱץסɾҪˡƺֻ֪ʲô˼
ֻЦЦ˵ĺеǾ˯ɣǻҪ·أ
ҹŨīָǲɢҲˣԺҲûŷˡ
Ȼҹɫ͵͵ĳԺֱ֮ߵ˺Ŵ
㣬˵õģԺĶߣǧҪ˷ˡȻźŷ˯֮͵͵Ľ¸˽

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ȥ˯ɣҵĶ֮ҾͻߵġȻΪʱЩ³ǰסԺӡ
ҪҰһҰɣҲ죡
ˣԼҡϾ͵͵ҽģҪ֪һָôԸأȻ˵
ɫȻ͸¶ȴѾôɳˡ
ȻҲǣǡԼСĵ
ȻߺľȻɢȴѸٵ¶һĨ⡣
ҳҩ֮󣬱㳯ֻķȥ
ֻΨһľûźÿƤң֮ԻôˣҲȫΪ㳤һźÿ
ûźÿƤأҾͲţĻϻϲ㣬㻹ϳĻʺ
Ѿǰҹ˶С
´Ϩеĵֻһӣֻķ䡣
ŷʹ϶нȼҩ˽ȥ
ϡɫ£µӰȻ˫ȴǱΪݶĶ߻Ҫĺݶ
ҩȼɢ̣ڷɢ¹ڴǵЦ͸ĺݶ
ֻһжҵģҪ·ϱƵġ
ǻɣҲҪһµ
ŷʹеҩȼյĲʱ±㽫ҩ
׼õľסڱǣ˽ȥ
˯ݵĲԣȫûκεķӦ
֮±Ц߽ݡ
͸ˣ¿ֻż١˯ϯϣȻֻ˯˲ÿǲòϣȡˡ
޳ĳȣӯӯһյ֫߶ôԸС
һջѪŵΣûǸܹˡ
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һĨ񶾵Ĺâ֮󣬱תױ̨ϵͷͣ˿ʵϡ·ϡϡ
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·¹е·Լϵ鼮ֽţȫѷһȼȼš
΢Ļ⽫һճһȻѸٵ˳ɢµ˫˷ܵĹâ
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ﲻϵĬš
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С㣬ǵļƻɹ𣿱ϾôϲС㣡
ܳɲɹ֮ǾԲȥȻȻ˵š
ȥ˳ֵˡ
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ҸղȥˣܵĴ̼ԽԽˡʲôɵԾҪȥȰȰ㡣ϾҲֻĻȥˡֻɡһǰţһĵ˵š
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Ǵ㣬㵽˳Ҫôö㣿ȻƳֻҪֻɫпЩʲô
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ةŭһ
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ةɫԽԽãϵȻҲĲڿˡ
ǵˡҲ¡ة൱ʱûôֻ࣬ǵԼŮԲŻȥ֤ʵġҲ֪ǧûн¸ƴǶѡ
֪ΪҺáҲ㣬Ҫ־͹฾˼ǧðһҾȳе֪˶֪Σ졣ȴеע²屻ǧųϣֻĿŵϿȻ˵š
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ҺƴǵĸǰɣҼ޲ȥǰɣ㻹ǧϲңƴǺǧ֮϶ǰɣֻһȥƤϷ죬˺ë
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ʵߵĵǺСģһֻҪûĵĶ߾Σգǲ˵ġ
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ⶼīԼҲҪī̫ߵҪˣֻҪ֪Т˳֮ڳ͢ıְλҵҵžСνߴʤԽߣʱˤľԽߡҵϣīԺǧ¾Сֻ˵ﻰԼīá
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ةĳĶֻ˵
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ƴֻǵվһԣĿšǻ΢΢һĨЦ⣬ȻЩ顣

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469 

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ѽȴǺܿĵ˵Ͼôվء
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ܿǵתˣʼŽǵӸȤˣϧҧӵ̫󣬸ֱֻȻȥˡ
ǵͷСţôĿ˸еȻҲˡ
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οȻƤЩȴǺϲġһ߾ϵ·Ȼ㿩Цţ˭˸ʹЦնϲϵİɡ
ټ˵Ϊ۾ԵʣõҩһĶԣԻǱһʱ䡣һʱڶǲܵõġ
λ󳼿ǽɱš
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⼸ջǰæĺȲĹûУֻȴҲûţ˽͢йԱδǵСȫҪˡ
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ţϷס㰲ŵĶеة˵ͷź쵥ϣǼ޳ҲãǶһĽ١ϲʱȡ㣬ҲҲʱˡ
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ҶסһϡϸţñܳȻ¿ˡŵϸ̥꣬Ͳˡ
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߳ةҵʱ򣬸ĲԱʵС㣬㣬㻹Ҹ˼ңҲ̫˰ɣ
ֻȴЦһ£ԣô쵥ϵˣǸĺ꣬Ҹԩ޳ģºȻȥǣ

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470  ϸ
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ǽǽǾǹһ򣬺úýȥ
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Ҳ˵㰲οҡһ岻ġҲὫҰźõġ
˵صֻûйϸϸˮ˵š
֮죬϶һ˳ȥҲšȻҲһ˵˵ˡҲ֪ҴСѵǱȽ˽ġҽĸоºҲеøСȴһֱûʲôʾȻҾеֲˣ֪ǾƯĶҶġһҾ͹ûȥǳȥĵط

471 Ůǲ

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ȹһʱ֮ҾѾȥ͵͵Ŀ£վǵţϸЦţɵɵġ
Ȼֵ˵ӣࡣ͵ġ͵ġ
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Ҳֻ룡Ͼ˳һģһϰҴҲΪҲ㽫ϣ˻ϵϡ֪ϵʵ֮󣬾̫ңɼˡûˣǻҪҾԸ⣬Ҳȥȥġ
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ƫƫͲ㡣ֻϸ굱ʱ顣
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󾿾ôİֻѾһƻˡ
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˺ܴҲ˺ܾãҾ˵䡣ҲһֱңȡůȻⶼǹġ
һģһġ
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»ҲöˡǲǺ°Ͳסˣ
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ѽ˵ˣ˶Щˡ
Ҳһξаɣ
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ˣֻ˼˵š
ֵһɧ͵ģоЫİɣĮȥͱ̩ϡ
㣬ʲôѽϸЩ˵
ǹ˲ãͻˣ
ǰȥ֮󣬱ݺһ٣ҵʱҲŵò壬»֪ˣһŭ֮Ҫ˵ҺãЩûз
ˣҲ֪ˡҲˣҲûȥˡֻɫŪǧҲãŮǲҰ

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ڵǧŮǷǳų⡢а
㣬ܾµĸ粢̫ϲңϸԥһ±㽫Լ¸˵˳ԭֵסһģԴҼ޹֮һûأͰȥסˡ
㰡ǻУĹأ˳һģһģҪ첻Сİǧô죿ȥҲΪ˱ӣ
ϸֻô˵Ҳſģµĸ粢ң
ûʲôӱȽϳƣҲ̫ϲŮӴ룬úϢˡֻ˵꣬˳
ƹģҪˡ
ʲôʱֻͷһϸꡣ
ֵֵġϸ˵
С㣬ǸϽȥɣȻ´˾ͲˡԵǵ˵š˵˵´´ʱһͣˣʱһȴһ
Ҫǽػʹˣֻ֣ԼԼЩ⣬ѾʼƮСˡ
ôУһֻǻʺﰡҪϲȥʹַ찡
㣬ûϵġԴҼ޽¾߰书ŮԺµ¡Խ㲻õҵġãദûñ֪˶Է˼
ǼȻԸСĵȻعˡֻϸô˵
ǧ̺ǹõģ˼Ҳϸ塢ġΪηҪŮǸǴСԼϼ縺йء
ҲΪֵܣʹǲͬһطͬʱ֣ϰڶںڰУñѰǡ
˵¾£ֻдͻ
˵۵ģûһϵȹӾʪˡ
Ҫͣ߰ɣɫֺֻġֻƿŲԼдɡҲвٵˮ
аҪ˲ͣأūýηԸ˵꣬һƥʹӲԼܹòˮϣ˲һˮ
ֻ΢΢ƿһţȻҲмˮ˳
ⶼʲô˰ŭĳſ˺
ֻⱩƢȻҲŭˣꡣúһʺ󣬾ȻҪô۸
ͣΣͣΡҰǸץҪԵǸ̷ֻԸ
ΪƴɸЩǳص
ֻԸȻǰ׷ȥ
ݷһͷī˪ѩļţݳһ㣬ұϸ塢ĵڲУϢ˼һ㡣
׷İݷŮ˻Ҫʮֵݣ΢΢һ£űݷͣ
Ȼݷ㴽ȴһĨЦӨˮ˳Ķ䣬üǣջ˫һ졢Ѥõ˫ϣΪջˡ
ÿݷһ˿ǰ赲ֱͳȥ
°Ҳڿݷ㶯
ݷһıʳǣռֻȻûڸЩ
ϵʽ졢׼ݣ˿档
С㣬Ǹ˺ǶĶ֣Գɡһǰɾȵ˵
ôܣƴɸҵİһһĸ֣ôôܴ򲻹һֻţֱƿ
Ҳû뵽ԷݡҲ飬
ݷҲԷֲһˣ֮عͷӵķȥ
ԼԼһĨϸӰڽУҰƽһĨ£Ѥɫʡ
ݷʱ;һѷԼ
ݷѸٽ㿪ˣ֧ԼʱݷѾ֤ʵԼĲ롣
һϱ鲼ǧ˽
ӵһ룬һŨҵΣϢɢȸղŻҪΪŨҡ
̫ˣǧˡԸ˵˵š
𳳣Ǻʶֻ˫վˣ²
֪ΪΣԼԼĨӰЩϤ
ǧ˸ղð˻ʺߵŮʺµ˽ץȥԹǸһλǰǧ˵
ǧһ˥£ֱͦεվУǰˮʪ̣ȴûʧһɫƽһĨΨݷ㣬˫ݹӣɡ
ݷʺĸ֣׼Ǻȴ΢΢ϡ
תֻ
С㣬ô죿Ǹ˹ˡԿʼŵԼ嵲ֻĸǰǧô˹أ

473 ƽദ

473  ƽദ
Կݷݣϵɫһ¾סˣ۾ǲ˳˳ݷϡ
ֱһ˾ȻһűŮ˻Ҫ޶˵
С㣿ݷԵǰڽ˵òгɵĻһ
С㣿ֻϤ̾ͽڸǰĲԸƿˡˮεδǰȴݷ徫پ޵ĳԼǰ
Ϊ֮ǰϰˣûоʲô
ȴǰһĸо
С㣬㣡һΪҪڵһʱܼ㣡ݷеֻзϲϵЦݸϸ塢ġ
㲻ʹܽôڲŵ·ϳʲô𣿡ֻΡѩݣӽ̧ڴǵЦҲǷϲС
Ŷ̶̷ֱһ£ֻɫɫҪ֮ǰĸˣҲǴڶɢһֶ˵ϣԽˡˡ
΢΢ЦţôȻˣ˿˿ƶ鶯
ΪϲһԵʰɣ
ûУҡеµˣݷվڽǰƺֻĨЦȫԼˮС
ʺǰӻʺعʺƲСǧǰ΢΢׶Žеֻ
漴ʮǰſڵأӽǰһֱ쵽Աߵϡ
µô󣬵Ȼع˵ֻɫԽԽڣ׵磬ӽ˳
һԾµ廨ЬĺϣڲԵĲ
ǧж˥ݷһ·Ǳˮܸð˾ͺˡֻ֮󣬶ǧ
ϻǧƽ˵ţûκβ
Դҵһµݸݷ㡣
ݷŲ¶һĨº͵Цգ˼˹һˮ
û¡ԿݷžգɵɵЦš
һ飬¶̲סԭ
С㣬ĵܵܰôߵ˶ôÿǰûжٸһ㣬Ҳ
ǵƴǺֻ֮;ԼһֻСѼֿݷ㣬ǾԼͲӦûϡ
Ϊúÿ˶ϲúÿһ氡ֻȤ˵
Ҳ֪ǲԼĴֱݷòҪһǰݷӵĺÿˣÿˣҲ˵
ūȴһ˹֣Щѹ˵š
˭˵ģҲܺÿҪҪֻȰȻٲޣȴͿ
ݷֻʹϢƴѾ֪ˡ
˳ָð棬ĿɫȻüĿһõˮīīЩļţǶҹĺǡ
ɢ˰ɣ顣ƴɫˮĴվ鷿еλ˵
ǡǹ˳ȥ
ƴַһӣǰϸϸţɫţ͸¶һ־õĸо
ܹСĵƴǵɫȴʼƲȻ
ǽյĻȷʵЩԣһʹ£½óһͻһֱȥ鵽ҹҲǳе顣
ûһǧűݷ˽
ݷѾһ׸ɾԵͦζ޳ɵīԺֻ˿ʹٿȥӵ壬
μϣݷڰǰƴǣ΢΢סݱұ֮⣬ƺݷֱ˵ةฮǸݷ㡣
̴˵ͳ뿪¥ˣôڲƴ˵ţһ˫ž޲ĵݷϡ
·ż·û뵽¥ͷȻ㶾·ڿջϢһԵ˵ʱ䡣ݷһ˫ÿٵƴǵ
ǾͺãΪ·ϳʲô¡ڲ˵ʼޱ·غⲻأƴɣȤ˵š
֮俴ȥķΧܺã
ôأݷȴЦһ£Ǹжˣݲңôҽÿ»ǰȥδ빬Сأ
ƴǴվĹߵݷԣǳǳĿݷ㣬ȴ͸¶˲ɺӵƣ˵⿪ˣ
Ҳ֪˵ĻǼٵģҲνˡҲ˻ˣȻصţҲû֮ˡݷ룬ȷ˵š
ǲ㿴㺢ӵķϣƴǹųɽĺݷ˫ұѤõ⡣

474 ǰΣ

474 ǰΣ
ݷӭƴǵƺЩ˵˯һܻеĻǡСΪʲôûл
ǧһȥȴƴǸֹˡ
˵ǺӲģƴǹžڵпƽ޲Ȼʵ̲һɰӿ΢һײܻء
ڿջϢǼ죬ʹ򣬴˵˯һ𲢲ܻУΨӵŮϲУҺûеһȻȷʵһ˵ʹҾûڼˡݷǴԡɤ˵ţϲûжı飺ǸʱҸ᲻һ˺
ƴаǵһĨȣ⣺ʱҲˣƻҲȼˣǹȥɣӦûкܶĻҪ㡣
еĺӿκ˵ģΨģ
껹ڵεδ£˲ٵ
˵ĿζȽϴεļУۿǧˣֱӰԡ
̫ȻҲܳԣݷȻӦĿζ˼ӷƬͱǺòС
ӦɣϾԺҪڳġֻݷ㱻ӣЦ˵
С㣬Ȼܺóԣȷʵ̫ˡݷϽһڲ裬ͷ
ǾͳЩĲˣָָֻ嵭ĲȣȻŤͷԱߵƴǣ۵ϸֳĨ糺죬մȾ֬İ㣬ˣƴգգ۾
ƴǳ˵ֻıӣ丽ֻߣڿԷСֻߣû˼
С㣬ʲô㣿ƴȴû˵Ŀһ߸Լŷ磬һ߼ͶƬսݷ㡣
ݷͷٲȻܲˣͱú죬͸Ĩ֬һ㣺ڻûãڻʳﵱԺСİš
Ҳãǽܵ飬Ҳ룬ʲôҪҲԸ˵ƴǿݷһ޺ӣҹǵʼһƬ䡣
šݷ˵ͷȻͷϵĲȡ
ƺ·Ƕһӵġ
С㣬ϲʲôŮӰڳסϰˣҾ͸ҸϱҲиԼļңȻһԼĺӣֻĵ˵š
ĵûзݷҲֻ뵥ߡ
ݷ㿴һ续ֻ룺ϲҺõģҵŮӣһûκεĿģֻǵϲң
ֻҲݷͯôıңȻϣһܹůͰˡ
㳤ϲŮӶءͿԼϲ˭ˡ
Ȼϲ㰡
ݷ򴽣аЦЦʹͷŷ
ӣҪڻʹ𣿲˵СôߵĵλôܻĵʹһΪݷԭֻһЩƣƴǺ˯˹ȥ
ǧƴǴڵ߳еǵ˵
¾ãһ޺ӣǷ¾ǰӵΣˡ
ǰؼҾǲ֣Ҿͷƴһ˫壬Ӵ³
ӳϣԵøĶ͡վ
һ˫Ũīһ̶һ䷺ڤɲĹâ
˻һԭȵķһǧѰ㺮쳣
ȣֻҦѧŮ죬һͶͷϾðһϸܵĺˮ
˵ôȵ죬ūﶼȣҲ֪ЩѲߵȳʲôԲ˲ǵĺˮдֻһͽĸ㡣
ֻڷӱҳı飬˿˿ֻ񻣬ϸˡ
ͬڿյһ㣬ʮֵʡ
ô죿ְڣܲΪȾͲվ˰ɣֻû̧ͷǼдеĶżҧ±ͷ
һСɣϾ֮ǰһսڶȥվˣôãȴǾ͵
ֱʱֻŴӰ̧ͷһЦĿŲԣϣż찡ͼǹˣҶûĹ㵹ǲˡ
ūֻǾС˺ܺãô롣һȫµ·ū澣ūǸūҲ벻ܰ˼ҵĶҪʺūЩ÷ȥҲˡɫһ죬һĨŮĽߡ
ϾŮӶԺÿ˶ûʲôֿöжãֻҪ΢΢һЦܰ˼Сĸȥ

475 Ե̿

475 Ե̿
˼ǧ粻Ҳͦõ𣿡ֻ˫ֽϣ°ͻЦʵ
ǧҲܺãǲ롣һǧ֮ӣÿū澿˶¡Գʵ˵š
ԣҸ˵ǶС⣬÷֭ûõġ
˵ʲôأūжСǸ˼˵ūҲ֪ū澵ݣ䲻С磬СҲϲū澡һˣ˵ҲʵԼʲôʲôݣСûֿܡ
ֻС룬ãȻҲСˡ
ûʲô䲻ģҲ޹ءֻҪϾУ黥ĵϲԷУСҲϲ㣬ҲܿİôദԵԸĺ⡣
ֹɣģ˼Ҳܼ򵥡
ܹСһ𣬵ҲСѾͷסС㡣
ūû룡ÿŮ㽣ȻҲ㽣Ҳֻһ£Ͳʵֵġ
ЩõĶ͹ˣûбҪһҪõ
ţȥ÷֭˼ҾǸùأǻ˽ϵģֻõͼֽƵԸǰЦ˵ҼȻ㵱ˣܴճһһ԰ɡסһСûģҲ͸ϽջŮˣҪΧԼתԼΧת
ֻȻô˵ˣԵȻҲĴЩڴ
ֻͼֽϸš
ʶ֣ͼȴܿ׵ġ
һڵϵĹש濾ĳȡ̣ƺϴһżܱ졣
ǽ⣬һѲߵѺʪ˺󱳣ĺˮӶͷȻȻɫֱ࣬ͦѲš
վں«ԵȺ򣬵һھװݷ߹ʱ̾ͲڻеĶݸݷ㡣
ݷͣ½Ųʲô
㣬˱飬ϾͲˡĻϲ˵ţͬʱϴһĨССɬ
㣿ݷ㿴ŲԵһڲĶپһƬ⣬Щ̰
šԵ˵ͷҶϸ˵ģ˶װˮҲů͵ġ
ģݷдһ˿ССʧ䰡
ǰǻʺū澵ġ룬˵ûʲôԡľͶˡ
ݷ̾ͽ˹ȥڶͷϱ˱ǷϸůЦݣлʺ߻ʺѲߣȥ
һȥδ빬ΣѾµˣȻץʱλˡ
Զ֮ݷתͼǧվԼǰǲչŮġ
ǻʺҵġݷȴǽսˣ˻Уںʪ·ϣپˬ泩
֮ʹǧ߹׷ǰĶѲȥˡ
ˣһţֻͿϵЦݡ
š
Сûи˵ʲô֮ǰܽʱ򣬲֪жŮ͸ݷݷһûգȴ˲㣬˵Ϸ
С˵ֵ͹
ôе԰
ǣ͸ʱô˵ģ˵Ϊ𣿡
˵˰Сôū˵ǻʺūġԻһĵӡ
Ѿͷȱ۰ɣ
ԴǱżɣԼ㣬һ仰ѹȫͷˡֱֻҪԸˣһҲˣĵͰ
ū澡ƺҲԼղ˵ĻЩˡ
ȷʵǻʺСġ
ֻҪˣõһᰡòűˡ
ԣĺǴһģӣôաᣬ˵ģŶִֻŲԵԿǡ
ҺãҺãûԼֱãò͸ݷ㣡
Ȼű죬ƴ֪ˣ²ҪǲƤ
ǧˡҦֹֻ߽
ѽ㻹ǵű׷ɣֻ˵ҡ˳ȥ
⣬ǧ˱ֱվһԣɢһĺ·һȻĿյһ㣬ߵĶһֺ⡣
ʺҴ书ݵŮʺѡ˵תվڵŮ˽
һľװͷ߸𣬸ɫϾӢˬ޹޵ĴγĶԱȡ
ֻĲ壬ŮɨһۣǧЩѡģ

476 С

476 С
ǣǵ书ŮõģҲݣպҲԻʺĹǧ˵
Ըôֻʵô
ҾͲˣֻҪڻʺΣʱܹûʺİΣˡǧһ˫ֻµ΢΢ţʹ˴Ӳȥһ㣬ֱͦΡ
ڶ̿ǵĲˣȻĻᱻѪġ
ֻ˰ҲȻҡӣԴţȻǱҵİΣģǲһϵĹˣ˭Ӯ˭¡
ȽСʩչҲ˵硭
ȭѣһһƾˣô鷳ֻȴЦ˵
ǵ书϶õģҪѡǸ̸ߵġ
ȥҲǻȭˡ
ʺװɣǧ΢һüͷԵЩá
֮ǰֻڵһһпǴμң
ֻ˿ﶼԼˣʲô
δ빬˶ƴǵˣû˻Ὣ˵ȥġ
УΪĸµĻʺ󣬰ӧҵŮҪжׯ͵µӣǧţƺûκأȻڻʹҪػʹĹأ
ͨһܲǱĲŰɣֻǧգգ۾һЦ
£Ҫϣǧɫ˵š
ֻǧ̬ôգһ۾
ǧҲ㹻İɣô͸ʯͷһ治أһ涼
湬Ƕʱ䣬ǧദҲ찡
ôһɣֱԭ
ֱӰǴƴĶ˭Ӯ˾͸͹ɣô죬űõݣ͵ʵʵĻ
С㣬㿴ǧū澸ϴô·ҲûūЦ߳Ŵ뿪ǧֻ
ҪеˣûƴЦֻƲһ۲ԣձֱ꣬ǧ
ǧզô飬أɶİ
ֻءȻΪһ֮ĸδ빬ȭԣȷʵס
Խ
ǧƫһֻ;ˡ
ΪڵμҵŮλ꣬ѾȥλܵӰ죬̬ȲŻ˵ļ
ҲˣǺڴӦλˡ
С㣬͵ĺܺãϿˣֻɹûһͻˡ磬ֵݷ㣬ϴ裬ɾ·ˡ
û£òԸ¹ЩȥԺǲ㣬͹ЩľˮҲСֻݷһЩ
ݷ㽫㽻Уڹϵֻұÿҫ貣ѤõĹâС˼ɣһЩ벻ĶСԺԴܵܰңҲˡ
˵ֻͷֻۣǳݷЦһ£ȻƳһԵĲԡ
һӴⴵڰϵļڵأݷĽűߡ
ݷ͵ϵļԱ߼¼Ż˵ϡ
С㣬ʲôģѲɻϻҪѡݷÿɫһƬɻ
У㿴ûϲģֻƿǣһڲ衣
ݷ㽫·˻ȥ⻭еĸСÿС㣬ҲΪҵˣһ춼аš
׻Сġ
ǧǸӣ֪˵ʲô
ˣ治ȵ֣ò¶ȣֻҪ΢뿪һ£ֱˡ
УǲҲġǣ÷ֻͷ۵˵š
ôˣС㣬ѵί𣿡ݷ㿴ֻͷ۵ӣʵ
ǣƫҪ˵ƴǰĵġںˣ˵ͷˣʱһҪƴЦˣֻΪͷ۵˵ţ˵Ķȥһ˵Сأ
ˣݷʱȽİ
԰ŮദУˣһõ޷ֻܾ֣ĬĬΪĳЩ£ʲôҰʲôģֻԼķ˵ݷ
϶ˣûһõġ
ƫƫǧ¶ɽˣ㲻
˼ҵĿɺˣ
ŮӦаɣ˵һ㶼ôŮˣݷϸ˵ǲǾǸ˼
ǲ˼һǰʣһǱ𣿡ֻݷһ¡

477 ʲô˼

477  ʲô˼
ݷҡҡͷȻʼ磺һǲ̫ʵ˼
ôͲأҸʲôˣֻݷ֣ݷ㿿Ҹʾһ¡
ԣְֻѲԸ˹ЦӯӯĿŲСѾͷԣһʮϲһ졣
ԵȻһãҡҡͷū澲֪
ϲһÿһѽֻ˵Եա
ûͽˣֻתͷֶݷû
ǸҹӺƭ֪ŮĻ£ݷ㿴ֻӣò˼֮ϵһĨ֥Цݣϸ壬Ѥá
ԾӵŮûУȻôôɡ
ҵʶһݷֻɫضֲá
˭ֻʵ
ȻǴС㰡ݷͷЩ˼˵
ֻЦһ£òƵƵʱ򣬾·ƴõֵġ
Ůϲ黰ʵҲϲ
ȻҲֻһˣֻ̾һڵŮԶǱȽϱءֵģ˵黰϶ǲ˼ġ
С⼸ڹﵱôǧ½ӴĻ𣿡С㻹֪ǧ˵飬ֻҲûд˵
ֻǸǾ󳼣ǻʳͳ죬ǻŹ֮ϵҲżζѡʱˡݷ㿴ֻôˣ
ֻƺѾǧΪν첻ӵԭ
ǸѾͷԺģǧƴǴһӵˡ
ƻƴǾҪɱˡ
ˣˣ֪ˡҰ°ɣ㲻ֵʱ򣬶ȥߣһЩúÿԸʣõС㣡ֻôӴǧһòеˣϾѾʮŵڽ
Ƿ֣Ȼݾͺˡ
ֻȥЩСܾԸʵŮˡ
ѵСҪǧǣ𣿡ݷԴҲľ񣬱ȲԵԴ֪Ҫʹٱ
ǰҼȻƴǰºڣһҪгŵܲܵʱ˵ɣҲŬˡֻѹݷҸ㣬ҿɲһӶ粽ĸƴߣÿ˴һʱһ࣡
˵ʵûԵĻǸԸһġ
֪ˡݷЦЦֵһӸߣ᲻ӷ
ֻݷô˵˵һӶڻʹػң㲻һӲףҸ˵㵽ʮ껹׻߶׵ĻҾͲ׼δ빬ˣ֪֪ȻˣҲҪһܹ˰
֪ˣС㣡ݷૡԵ˵ʮ껹кü꣬ҲȡҵԼϲŮӡ
ݷ㰲Цľ͸һаĺͯһ㣬ұݣһСľݡ
ţ֪㲻ҲģҲ̫ĸ顣ǺͬġϾһһ̫ˡ
ǧôôСأֱûϸͻ鲻ǲϲɺܶ檰ݷ㰲ĵͷ汦һš
ǧº㲻һٻϲһ˵ѾɥʧˣųŮˣԾնеһҲŻôĵİݷôˣֻҲûʲôǣȻʲôݷ˵ʲôˡ
ԡ˵ĻҲ˵ϡ
ΪʲôҪǲǲϲŮ˰ݷǲš
ǣΪһκʹĸ飬ǶθӰ㱻ƭңֻ̾һ°صĵ
𣿱ұûҪ𣿡ݷɤɵͳȥɷЦȴǺܵ
ϲϳҵŮǸŮһʼӽΪɱģˣŮҲĺӣǸŮӵԾˣĺҲˣⳡҵģֻʼնȥ뵱ʱĳҲûʹ֪ˣԼҲӰİɡ
˰
ԼǰԼȴֻĿ޶ԼǰԼȴʲô
ݷ˵ͷǣͦܵġ
԰һҪһŮӵϲһ˵ȻڷĴ󵨣ûκιǵȥϲֻһ˵ţһĥţҸʲôŮӣǧ߳Ӱ顣

478 ˵ƴ

478 ˵ƴ
ǸŮһҪرĹâȻı
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šʱҲˣȥɣֻʱˣݷȥˡ
ǰݷճδ빬ƴǱŽδ빬
ʱɫѽƻ裬ƽգɫĹâƴһɫϣ޷֣ȴ͸¶һɳȺء
鲻Ըıƴǣ߽ԭһŰ׾СϣȴմһЩīˮϻˮͣǸոշ˴ƴǷһ㡣
Ѿʰʰ׼Էֻƴ߽Щ֮С
ôˣǲַˣֻǽĿƴǵϣüīһ˿ǳʲôԵĵط㽫עԱߵĸϡ
鷿ͼλ£ڰԸ棬ұʱ򣬰ҵį̄ȥֵʣڴ·ӡ˲ٵӡƴ˵Щͷ۵Ŀ
˭ѸߣСƤʲô棬ҸͣƻġֻһЦ㽫˴ȥϴȥˡ
վȥѧãѧȥҲ˳īƴֻϣľһ޲
ֻתƴ˫ӣ֪ΪξȻЩ顣
ôˣֻȹڣߵƴߡ
֮ǰ˵ĻûȥƴǱ紽ĴһĨ嵭Цʹɫ
ԭղΪڣŲ¶ɫڸһߣƴǵСƢˡ
Խȥˣڵλ꣬ǧµãΪֻ͸ݷһˣƴǿ̫ʦϣǴɢǹ˺˵ƣȴѾ˵ǲã
ֻƴͲ˵飬࣬պܽţֻȴЦ
ܺЦ𣿡ƴǼֻվԼǰûнͣҲûǸ⣬Ц
ƴеŭһ֡
аɣЦھǧȥƴǰ嵭˵ţǻȴǸĺ塣
ЦѾͷǲãֻƴˣߵƴǸǰתһƴǵĻУûһģѾͷԿǲʹȻСʵʵ˵ˣ˵ЦЦ
ƴֻĽͣӻֱǼꡣ
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㲻ҵȻҪˣȻĳҪˡֻƴִֵֻ䡣
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ֻͷ֪æҲ㣬Ҿ㡣
ֻһ˫ɫ˫Ƥ˵š
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ֻȴʵڲʱһ̲סĻǾ᲻ˡ
ʴƴһ߬סֵָֻͷԼŻˣЩϴ湬ԲˣпձЩɣ
֮ǰһֱͷ̫Ͳֻδ빬һֻڱֻδ빬ϣֻȥ鷿
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ôֻ̫ɹȷʵԸ⶯ˡ̫λεģ˭ҲԸ߳һ
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ǧѡˣҲһã֪֪Ի˵ʱҶˣָ֮ǧһ£һӶ㡣ֻʼƴǸ״

479 ˸˽

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ǲһֱǧСأС˵ܹͼΣǡɲԸСʱǧͿˡ
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žͶţҪС˽˿ռġֻ˵ϾƴǣиϲŮˣҲġ
ƴôȽݷ¾Ѿܲˡ
ûǸȡ
ԣƴ붢žͶţҲκƴ
ƴֻô˵īůƺ仰ˣ
Ҹ˵㲻ҪҶġݷû˵ʵû·Ҳûסʲôջ֮ôŵǻˡ
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˵ġƴǼһǲģȴܰȻĻʲô
ŵ飬Сû˵ֻ֪ŵļҪɱҲҾͲ֪ˡֻƴô˵ҲɽС㲻˺ҡ
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Ҫȥһ˵ı档Сʧȥĸ˵ĺӣͬóԹɫҲϣһʲôĽɫûԼ֮ǰһġƴĳĶֻ˵
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ݷŶݵϢʱ䣬ȥרǺˮľˮǰ½˱ľˮڱ̫ɹù̵ϣԶȴҲϲٵ
ݷֽ˾ˮϴ˼׼Ӳϵˮվһˡ
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һ·Сܵܵ鷿˶ţһ
޿д֡ƴǼеӣͷҲû̧˵
ǧݷ㿴һۣݷǰֽīʵݸ
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ݷҲˣ˵ǧджÿ˪γĶԱȣ˶һۡ
ǸÿƴǽǧַһԱȡ
ͣСȸ־дÿˡ
㲻֣ʮֻƴº͸һ˿ҲԺϱЦ
ǸˡȴˣƤ
˶ûߣǴˤĲޡ㻹ǵСţˣţɡأ˾ϢһÿһʱһӶ׼١ƴǸѵĻ߽ϣʺˡ

480 Ϧ

480  Ϧ
ôȵ죬ôˣƴǹЦЦԵЩ⡣
ۡĸͺóԵĹˡĹŵǹζ˳˳ȥ
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ֻΪسԿױһ
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ʩʩȻĳƴ˸񣬱òԽԲ
ҲµҲ鷿ԱҲһݡ
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ԣһҪ߼ˡϦ쵱ֵǲֵŲȥ£ƴǸ˵ˣϦҺˣǧҲšֻ˵⣬ǲɻһĨ۵Ц
Ҫϵ˼ˡݷһ˶˵
ҵʱƴ˵Ϧһĺûᣬ˵ϲŮأȻҲ˵һȷԼԵءֻյһڣ۽ǵȴһԵĲԡ
ǸԺݷˣɲɾͿǵ컯ˣβҲˣݷֲǧģȻĵġ
ݷ㿴ֻЦЦһ㣬˿˿Ƶɢ㣺ʱֻлϺʹС𣿻᲻̫Σˣ
ٳµǻΪʣǧС㶼лϵĻأǵʱ·ϱϳô죿ϲͻϺʹСòǻ·Χ۵İɣ
ǿԴߵֻûж롣
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ҲˣЩƴȥˡֻоƴԼһѹͲԼӣʲô齻ȥˡ

481 û

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ֻһʱ򣬾ҲΪֻ룬ֻȴδ
һЩѾˣֻȴǻᶣһ
ֻ֮໥ֻ֣ƴȴһȫΣʲô鶼룬ֻҪƴǵ߾ͺˡ
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Ȼ֮ǰݷֻһʱһţŸԵ飬ȴûоʲô
Ȼһȴݷһ˿ʵĸо롣
С㣬һҪ˵ݷ㳯ǰһѹʵû·һһš
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㡭һֱ׷ɱȥͲôģֻɻš
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ҪɱңΪҪµֵѡ峤ѡˣȻвһЩ棬ϼҵǲҪɱңҲһֱ׷ɱһȥ峤˺ѡ˵壬峤ŵ֣ӴԺұҲŵˣҲҲ̤һ
˵ʲôֻǾȵš
㲻˵ߵ𣿷ҶҲûʲô飬ʧôʱ䣬ܶ鶼ˣֱ뿪ţڳݷ㴿ĳֻЦЦ
ô𣿡ֻЩţݷ˵ĻЩۡ
ΪߣеĶ
ݷɫԥƺֻ̫֪
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һֶ书һоأֻŵǿ߲ѧϰ޹ݵ书ûʲôͬȴһһֻأصʱͻγһСڵشʱ򣬵ڵᱻ˺ȻڵҲ飬ܻžΪڵڵݷϸĸֻ˵ŵ顣
ڵˣǻģԾ൱ڶһأڵڵˣڵȴγһ㱣㣬һǸıòǲϵƶ񻯡
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ڵ飬ֻҪڣʱ
һȡˣŵĻô书Ҳˡ
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һôҾڳһͨͦõģֻҪܹ߱һŹ¹µûκεҪáݷɤˮʯֳصĻֻļ䡣
ֻǲŬ˺öĶϾųǲŬ峤ѡ˵ݣҲѪֻЩܵ˵š
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ΪԼǡֻкܴѹ
ҲΪԼҲصǸĵطֻһůĵطĨůңֻҪĨܹյңҲԸ⡣ݷұÿһƬģǲڻȥһ㣬΢΢üѵҪ𣿻㷴ˣ
С㣬ҴûзڹֻҾЩѹֻݷ㲻ӦýȫϣҵϣҲֻܸĨůѣĨůץҲû취
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482 Ǿ仰

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С磬ֻҪ㲻ǰȫϣϣԼСֻݷЦһ£һС硣
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ֻݷ˵ôȻʣҲȥˣ˵ЩˣʱҲˣԵͻȥɡڶԴ鵱ȻǱȽСģϲˣҲϲ˼ġ
ţ֪ġˣСǧϱ飬ҵôˣҲˣǣûкʵġݷаЦһ£ָֻ֮˴ǰɺʡ
ֻֻĥţðһ뷨ܾõӲУ֪ϲʲô͵ŮӲУԲԣνԵֿľԵ
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ǲʶãԶһʶһֻҲ֪ҪôˣоӱȽ䱸ıȽأ棬Ҳ飬͸һѪģô涼ȡ
һɱ֡𣿡ݷ룬һ
ֲɱ֣ҲΪ֮ǰǶθɵģԣû飬ǲԸ⸶ΪԾͲ֪龿ʲôġֻĥȥƴǣʵڲǧֵʡ
Ҫ˵˵飬Ҳһθ˺˵֪ʲôأݷڤ˼һ£˵ǸʱûֱʧĻҲɣֻ֮ǰ飬˴С㣬ԡǶθȻҲӰ죬ȴûô
˵Ҳеֻ룬Ȼݷǧ˵ĸ鲢ͬǶһͬ㣬Ǿƭ
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ʵҵһȽˣΪԼҲŻԼĸ顣ݷֻжǲġ
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ȻǶͬľԿܲܺǧѡֻ뷨
ݷȴЦһ£ֻ뷨Щ棺ҵҲ밡ѣδػңοڻϵУôܸѡ
ǧµĻҪʲôֻ飬ǲ飬һ֪ĵ飬ܹ
С㣬ôݷֻǧ±Ƚģɺʵ
ǹǡǾ¹µģͦġڻãٹ꣬ҺƴǶкˣЩֵҲˣֻʣһˣҪƢԽԽ֣ҾͲõİԸ񿪿ʵģҲųŮԣҲԼĸ飬Цһ¾ԵǧŮ㿴ǸӡǧܺݷƢŹ֣ЦЦÿ޾ͿޣҲûҪԼܡ
ΪҪľǧԽԽԼǺϣԼиģȴֽһһìܵôܺء
Ҹ˵ǧ±ϾƴߵˣǱƴǵֵܵˣԺҪʲôĻƴǿܲ˵һ˵Ǹ˸ϱԸպҲˣ˵ܴ֪Щʲôֻܣѹͣͱƴж£ƴһʲô鶼ϲԼеǼ磬һڵĶŲȥˣֻڶиоˣ϶취ԼߣҾϲˡ

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ֻ˰֣Ҫһϲ˵ĻĽͻ򿪣ҲѪ飬ĽһˣȻζˡ
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ôˣҪôȥǧĽأֻһǰݷ㡣
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šݷͷӦҲ֪ʲô
ʱҲˣҲˡֻһɫ֪ݷôãӦóһʱˣϽߴݷ˵ͷ
á
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ˣС㣬ܲܰŪҺݷҪ뿪ʱֻסݷ㡣
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ˡݷ˵ͷ
һԵģϿʱ˺ģҺȻ棬̫˷ˡֻ˵ǴһĨƲסĻЦ
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С㣬ҵǴŴ˲ٵĲ˿ߣֲ˿ܱȫ˵ϣ˼࣬ʮֵı棬Һ˲ֻòǹ̶ģû취任òݷ룬ѹֻ
İһԵߺһŮԵߣöÿŸɾˬСֱֻð⡣
оӴԺҪӰĵ·ˣڹ߸߹󣬶ׯĻʺ
˹Ǹ⡢ĹӻС㡣
ԣܲܲҪ˵ݷֻҲ뱻ʲôҴ뿪ȻҲһЩŵҩͲ˿߳ҲԺõ֪ˣƻΪʲôͼıء
ˣ֪ˡֻͷӦ
ݷֻĵĸ߳δ빬ӭǧ
ǧһеĵģڵ㳬ʱˡ
ҺͻʺһЩʺּϲСĵģͲ֪ĳʱˣûйɣݷǧЩ˼Цһ£ź׵
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ˣʺСĵĺܺóԣһǽСܱ˵ѿģִ࣬ˬڣ滹׺ѸɣҪҪԵݷ˵žҪ򿪰һʢ顣
ȴǧĴϣá
Ȼദݷǧı䣬վ¶һֺɭĸоɿ˵
ǧԭѾݷ߹ݷ仰ͣ˽Ųɤ쳣ıǿݷǲ˺
ڻʺߵĿʲô˻ʺ˭𣿡ǧٴαڡ
һһԽӵĵߣǾҪεбҪúദ𣿡ǧ˵仰ͷ뿪ˡ

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һֱ˵Ļγ˳ǣֻ֮һ
ԺԽమȥɡ
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ҦҲֻһ˵޷üҲյԽϡ
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ΪλС͹ӱȽϳԹע˱Ƚ϶࣬С͹ҲѰԼһ롣ƴֻ߸ųϰס
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ˡֻ̧ͷƴǵĻ￩Цš
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ΧӰӶӣֻĻҲƴһܹ
ƴǺܶζףǾ仰˼ȴ׵ģ鲻ĵǶŮӾôİԼȥˣ
ﶼɻȻҲ׵ģûôϸֻܵȵ»鵱ɶɶֻҪ˫һ̶ȣҲȷ˶ԷԼԺЯֹˣʲôأֻ֪ƴǵ˼һʱܻܽܡ
أ㡭֮ǰƴȴǶִֻȤˡ
ѽܵĿܵǧȥˡŲƴǣûйأ˵ȥඪ˰
ãܲܣҹⱲӾУǵĶûУҲûи׼ʻɿΪһϷҪҪһȥҡӰӳƴ貵ĺУƺů
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ţҲϲķʽһҪôĺڹҪˡֻƴĶ⣬С˰㿿ƴǵĻУ˵š
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һ仰ƴǵĻ˵úᣬȴǲֻĶˣΪĲ࣬
ֻҲûиƴ׼κ۹Žе˼ǲġ
ϲcosplay
ֻȻƴôһҪˣԼƵcosplay·
ƴ֮ǰ߶ûǼɫȹȻƴǸ˻ˡ
յĽǵ˵ڶ糯ƴǲٵ
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ƴȥס춼
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487 ϵ

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Сûд𣿡ֻһߴŹǷһòԸԼ·
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඼ǹ˭ŮӶ˼¿ӵʱԼдƵĹӡ
ǧʱĸעдµġ
дһ˼޵̣ǸˣǶš
ѹûԼ֡
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ǧҵԼĺ֮󣬲ڴǽţڴȻСķƵı档
ǧҵֱ֮ӽԼĺ˹ֱӷ˱档
ȻΪƵıʲôûУȴû뵽ǣƵı澹Ȼһ㡢˵Ļ
ǧһǺϹĻ˫ҹһѷذװ㣬ˡ
ֻƱֻīʼ򵥵ĹһֻֻȴǱ˵۾ͣһɰģ
ں滹һԻдΪΪ㰲һθõԵɣ
֮ûж֣Ҳûж׸ͱ
ֻһֻ򵥵ĺһС֡
һ㽫˻Ļ磬ֻֻô
ϲǣǿʯͷϵͿѻ
Щﶼ˻·ɾһ㣬¶һ̬Цݡ
ǡֻҲǡ
ȻǶԻϵĻֻж̶̵ʮ֣ȴҪκΰοĻﶼֱġ
ѾΪһθõԵ
仰˵ĶðȰοȴָһ㽡
ǧеǿƣɫӼˡ
᲻ӺֻҲǡֻҲ
ԣһֻصдȥġ
һֱԼӹȥǶλ߳

488 ֻд

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ԼʲôԸ߲Ը˵ĻдһֽϣȻƺ󺣡
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ûӯȫǿƣһֻд档
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ôˣǧ磿ԵȻ˼˵ȥ顣
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˹ȻȥָˣȻҲȥ˻ʺã֮󡭡˵ʼԥԥǲ˼
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ȥԵʹͷԼĽš
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ϴεıʼһȴ͸һĨ䡣
ӵеĲõģ찲ŵĲģ
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489 

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ôǲǾΪŪЩҩģֻǺɫСҩƿţǸ˵ĵ
ǰϾһֻδ빬ҪǷֿĻҪ˷һλˡݷ˵ͷÿȴǷһ˿ɻ󣺡СҪ˵ʲôأ
ѽôɶˣݱȽϷ㣬ЩطҲֻ˲ȥŮȴܿһ۵ġֻϲ⻬۵Ĳ˿ߣСԼĻװ߸ˡ
Ҳ룬ʹҲͷһסʣɳˣ¶ϸߵģҪǲȥ͸͸ֻܱȥһŲ˿ߡ
ݷȴǳĬһ£ҲǣС㣬ԱȽϲɣ⹬ȷʵ̫ˣҲ࣬ܽڣǴС⣬ʹһҲȥ
ǰƴǻϣҲԸסʹ
ϿŹģһɶûС
û취˭ƴǻϣ˭ҵأҪǵҲߵĻƴҲ˵ȥϣ֮ͻһӣֺγϲʹأû취ΣÿֻЩ˸е˵š
ܸĳ͸͸ɽˮľû취ˣֻϣʹ£ʱǶһۡ
ƴɡ
ΪƴӣƴǵѹҲôء
ǡû취û취
˵ҲûˣֻҪڵУҿȻæÿǼδ빬ģʹСĸҲܺáݷת˻⡣
Ű󹬾һŮˣȥĶֻЦЦӨҸЦ⡣
ݷ㿴ֻҸЦţҲ΢΢𴽽ǵһĨЦ⡣
Ůأ
ϴγʱ䣬ϱǧˣҾǰ߰ɣȻںʹСĿˣʱ䣬ǻϾͲƹˡݷվֻ
ֻ˵ͷŰòԿһЩȥ¡
ãллС㡣
ˣǧһͬ鷿Ӧþɣݷ뿪ֻȴʲôʵ
ǣ˵һֱϱܣơӦһĹ˰ɣݷ˵
𣿡ֻݷô˵ֱӴվ
ţտʼǻϱȥģ񡭡ıȽڣӦȥˡ
ۿˣֻ벻Լĵһ٣Ȼˡ
ûУҲȷǲȥҲпȥϰأ
ǲǣʱ͵͵֪ˡֻڴ˵ţ뵽ǧṦ˵ãҲ֪ݷṦǧṦô
ҪǱǧ־Ͳˡ
ҲֱţǿȥˣˣҪ֣ҵ书ӦòСݷֱԲ˵š
УôˣֻҪȥ˵ϷܲܳɣֻҪǧԸӴŮԾһ¡
ãˡݷ㹴̺ĴǣЦŵ
ϡˬķĴ֦ĴŹϵĺƣ֪Ľš
ǧд֮󣬾һֱڰҪ֪Щŵ˾˭
һ˫ޣѾģֱ߽ĳĺ
ȡĺ֮󣬾ãŵС
ǧѾһ·°¥ĿѾ߽°¥ȴûڸȥˡ
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ЩŮ֮ǰһЩ߹󣬽õǧС㡣
ǧüͷվ°¥濴һ뿪ˡ
ӳҡӰĴڿǧ뿪֮Žķ϶ϡ
Ϊ̴ҲسˣʺʽȻüޣȻ˵ЩѾ׼˰ꡣ
ȴΪ׼ģƴǵȻҲֱ׼ģеĶǷȫҪ׼
ټֻж̶̼µʱ䣬Щִ١

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ƴǱжæߵжС
òʹ˶æҲδ빬ˡ
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Ȼʹһĺûᣬƴǲϳģֻôˡ
ȥͲȥ
Ϊ˷ֹƴ֪ûо
ͻݷŮߣϹŮ·ƾʹŲ˳Ļˡ
ȳ˹ָֻ֮ԼԵߣֻһӵ·
С㣬ǴȥĶԿһιӴֻʵôҲǸŮţϵҪǳʲôô죿
ɣŮƴⰲߵͬʱ縺ҰȫΡֻ۲Ůܶˣ΢е紵ݶǱƴǾ֪ˡ
ţǻܳûžͱƴ˸ȥˡ
ȥĶɻʵ
ȥһǴûȥĵطֻǰĻӢ˦һͷص˵š
ǮûУ
ˣС㣬ǴȥĲ𣿡Դյֻǰɵʵ
ֻһ۲ԣĵ߾Уţ飬뱣ܣȻҿɲ֤´ǲǻܺһˡ
ãū澱֤ū澾ؿƿǰǧūСгءԽǰҲֻ˵ˡ
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УԺ˵ǳȥˣ֪Լȥ¡
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ڣҹӡֻԾһ£žͷ˴ԼҡȣһûȺС
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Щ֮ǰнεεǧС㣬ֻΪԼĸ׻߼˷˴ǣȫңű͵°¥
ҪЩ¥ʲô
ЩǵͨţλһֱԹ˵ţм䶼͸¶һޡ
дû¶κε
ûڴҲû߿ֻ࣬ƽƽĽһͽš
°¥ĹǼ˷ͽġ
ҪͱҪйٸģ
ͨ¥ŮҪҵһΪԼ˾ѾˣοҪٸˡ
϶ʹûбϣϦڣǡ·ǡɿдǸ˼޵ĺƣҲںּ
һƷһ㣬Դһȴδᱻ׷ҲûκεĽ
ǧԥ˼죬ջ߽°¥
˶кĵģҪ֪һֱдŵŮӾʲôΪ˷ʲôűͽ°¥ģʲôĹء
λүȥһ°¥¥ȣȽһûйվſӭ͡Ц
°¥Сݣơ
˼𱿴ǧ߽ɶ࿴˼ۣЦʵ
ղ߽ѾߣλŮǧһ˫ĺɨһ°¥պͻܲϲ
һ룬ȥ֡
Ŷո߽ӰߵŮ֪λүҲǸˣǧӣҹѰģ˵ġ
Ӱǧ˵֣ȴһʫӿͷ
ɳϲݳԣŪӰ
Ӱǳʫɣ
ǰӰͷƹأ˵ţǰ°¥ĶһЩݲˣǧӲѰģȻҲҪ˵š
ӰпǧŹڴʵһЩԹţܸоԼĺò˳ˡ
ֻˣ͸Ͽ
УӰļǮȽϸߡһϵЦԽˣĹǣÿκӰ治ܳһʱִ󷽣ֱӰӰĳӾ˵ˡ
һʱˡ˵Ҫһʱ
УλүԵһ£ȥ֪ͨӰ硣ӹǧݹӣڵк˹ǧ衣

491 仨¥

491  仨¥
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ôǧѾС˵Ŀ֪Ӱ
ԭӰԭǽᶽŮΪᶽڹʱΪӵĻЧӵǻ֮󣬽ᶽȻҲͱɱˣᶽһжţŮȻ͵°¥
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үӰѾˣȥЦ绨Ķǧ˵ǰǧ·
ǧŴǣԭվһջǸ¥
ӰΪ°¥ͷƣȻסķõġ
һֱǧߵ¥ľͷŽ˫ɺƿү룬С˽Ʋ˸͹
žһ忪ͼ磬͸ͿһĨϸˣһµڹǰ
ոǰȥȡӵѾվӰԡ
ȥɡӰһдõĺӽѾߵУ֮Ѿ߾ʹ˳ǧ΢΢˸֮˳ȥ
ǧѾеĺƿһֱۣ֣Ұɡ
ӣ⡭Ѿһ۾Ӱ￴һۣǱ˵ġžͰеĺ
ּҵġǧȴǵͳɤȻ󣬵žķȴ
СѾ̾ĿǧǰŰɣǻǽеĺƸǧ
ڹǰӰǧ仰ת
ֻһĺ£ȴԵݸޣѩɽϵѩһ㣬һֱľС
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ӾݲȥǹӼȻԼޣΪҪȥأӰ²ǧķš
ǶϵĹ»ҰĽű˵ķԼȴɼӰȴӣȾһĨ
ǹҲͬ㱻סģұסˣӰǧֱġ
ǧֻǿӰ˫ڰ׷ӣû˵
ʱѾС˾Ʋˡ
ȴһֱһξ룬⻻ˣһˡ
ǰӰǸʲôأȥλүơ
ȻӰȴδῴһǧ;ֱߵױǰˣ裬ֻöģͻߣǮˣȥûҪдġ
Ӱǧ֮һ£žߵӰǰѹλүǮѾˣУ°¥ҲһЩʱˣ㿴ϴǹѥźˣõٸģȥҲǺõġ
ȻӰȴǶױǰӻŴ޷žеԼЦһ¡
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Լ°¥ӳȥĻʶȹٸҪĴ
裬ֻöġӰͲĵ
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ҲȾƣǧȴֱ˵ĵ
֮תͳȥ
˸Ͻǰȥү⡭ʱ仹û
Ǯøˡ˵ǧѾ¥
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ĶݲˣһȫӵģŪͦصģֻŲԽȥһ
ߵſھͿһĨϤӰӶ¥ԣϤӰϤס
ֻͲԵĵһӦתߡ
ѽҪƴ֪͵仨¥ǲðڵҹ²˴

492 ȥǧ

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һֱǧȫ߳ԼҰ֮󣬶ڽֻͲŸҰͷ
ӣǸ˭᲻ǧ簡˵
ӦǡҪ¹仨¥ƴȻϸڳ졣
һֱΪǧ˾ţȻҲֵطԱʾĳԾ
㶮ʲôҪǧǿǺ°˵ԸŮԽӴֻȴûһ
ΪΪпҽϾûвȥ仨¥ˣеĻǿ϶ΪеľûҪȥ䡣
ӰԼסˣͻȻɱǹֻԼݣ˱ҩġ
˽еȽԣֱ߽ͦ°¥
𱻹ٸɶʱɫȤˣûһֻ˽
ֻһǸӣ̾üЦӭȥˡ
ү㿴ҲһҲ֪ôˣǰͶû
ֻĬĬĴһط÷Χ£ȴ͸¶ôһ˿ζ
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ϣλүҲ֪ʲô˵ʲôöģǮȥûаʱͳˡֻҲ棬ɾ͸ֻ˵ˣ°¥ʮˣûү
Ҳǵһֻô˵ˡ
԰ҾϳϴǹѥǵǹٸʲôˣҾͲ۽𾦣ƹλСҲͦܰԵģҪֻһΣٲȻһС
ŮǴү裬Ƕǿġ
ǿɲǻϸǰĺˣְλϴˡ
ֻĵ˵
ոλöİ˵ǧϦͨŵĹ°¥Ĺ
ͷƣӰҲûʲôҹӰ֮ǰʶˡֻе˵š
ô˵ֻԸԼԣȻ̽ϢĴʱˡ
үһӦļԱҵĹӰɣٳϵȻˣӰȥᶽҵŮʶĹӵȻ١տʼ°¥ʱ򣬲ŹӶǶǸţʲôҲɣտʼӰЩӻϣܹõٸģȥǺӰĻˣҲǱϣˡ
ٺҲͲ˵ˣӰ︸׷ûлϵͷ˭ҸİҲ֪ԱҵĹǶǺǮģһûʲôĻǺúơ
ֻ˼ĵͷУȥǸӰ¡
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ǹԵһ£ȥӰ׼һ¡С˸ֻ衣
ӣ㲻Ҳ仨¥İɣôУԸֻת˰죬ԭ仨¥ģվֻԱ߿νձ
㵽֪仨¥ѵҴ㿴ô¥Ϊ˿ôˣôЦ𣿡ֻŲԵԴ˵
үӰѾ׼ˣȥء˶¥ڵĵ
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ǸӣվֱˣŮˣʲôѽֻڲԶСĵ
ǣū澣ūޡѾܾˣһֱ˼
ǾͿȥֻС˴ŲȥޣԼ߽˫ſɺš
ķ񶼺ʣһžͱű¶޵ŮӰΧ
һţһ滺ĹУĶ
ȻǧСǲһ
ֻ߹磬ҪλǧͨŵŮӳʲôӰһߵŹݣһ߻̧ͷ޵¶һĨ͵Ц⡣
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ֻҲһЦѰ˸λ£֮ԵĹӣ
λүӰ﷿пˣ㲻ӲӰҪһʱȴ
ȥǧ˵ţ˿ûκء
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ǧҲڶ˵һ䣬ֱһԾͷɵ˶¥ֱľƿδķš

493 ƾɶҳȥ

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ֻһ߿ŹӣһȤţӨӰϣϸϸĶš
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·ܿܿУŮһֺȺĴڡ
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ֻЦЦǰ˵֮ǰи˸մȥ˵Ǹá
ֻòĴš
Ӱڴǵ΢һ£ӰֻʶģҲû뵽׷
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Ӱ⣬˿˿ıȾüңǰˡ
һ嵭Ļﲻ֪˶ٵıˡ
ȻȴڻڴǵһĨЦС
ӣɻӣ㹫˵˵һˣӰڹϣֻ
Ǿ˵ɡֻܾӰ۾ܶƺܿ˵һ㡣
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ֻ֮ԣڰϵ޹õǰɢ㣺һᶽСʱ򣬾ܻŮװѾ߻ȥ빫ӣҲ˰ɣ
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ôóģֻǿĵš
Ū޹Ӱȴ˳֣סֻӨ°ͣЦΪûкᰡҡ
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ֻͷһۣѾѡ·ˣһظסˣȣҲûй̫ࡣ
ֻҪòôԾУȴû뵽Ӱ۾Ȼô
һ۾Ϳ
Ӱ۾ϬȻ㶼ˣҲˣ͸˵˵ֻϸϸӰϣܾЩأЩ
ֻĻû˵꣬յ˫ɺȴһ±˸ƿˣǧŵֱּͦſǰ
ոһ±ӰʵݣϵĲ˿ߺţǲЩ飬ǧֻ߽ʶٶǱȥԼ
Ӱܿǧ˵Ҳܿ
λӣ㻹ʲô𣿡ӰǧȥһĨ;ȣվվſڵǧ
ʱ޻Ĳԣһ¾Ϳվſڵ£̾ŵĶ
ǧֱƹ˽Ӱɨһ£漴Ͷϵֻȥ
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ܽǧѾ߽ˣ˵λүӰѾпˣ㻹ʲôĻɷӰӴλ֮Ӱ
ǧûĻĶɵͷûлӦֻȥ
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Ӱǧ˵ȥȰӰǸʲôѽǹٸˣ˭Ҳ
ٸΣץ˾ץˣɱ˾ɱ𣿹ǾݲӦڹӵĺԣӰӵǸֻǹӲӰӿͣδ̫˽Ȩѹ˰ɣӰֱǧӣһĨ֮ɫ
ǰǹٸ˲֪ҵ˭ҽǮӰģƾʲôҳȥֻӰʵǺģưƢʵˣһֻŲϣһǧ

494 ź

494 ź
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ٸ˾ͿôаԵҷʲôˣû͵ûҸǮгѵҸ㣬ôţС״ȥֻͲˣƴǵ£ٸȻôĿ
ȻȥǧˣΪѾоǧɢǹΣյĺˡ
ǧҹǰĺʱȥһѷذףݵˣֻǿһۣ˾Ųѡ
һ޼鲻̣ȷҵ˱ٸ˲𣿡ǧӰ㿴ֻһһ˵
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λӣҲӴ㣬뿪𣿡Ӱǰǧ˵žߵֻǰ
ֻ˳§ӰĳǧƵûУӰﲻӴ㣬ܲǿѰɣ
ߣǳȥȥֻƼǧ뿴ǧô
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ֻĻû˵꣬ǧĴ־ѾץסֱֻۣǿƵĽֻ˸ϵ⡣
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Ӱǧȫϳȥˣֱתȥһ˲һĨѸٵĻӡ
ӣҲϲٸ˴򽻵߰ɡ
㻭𣿡ǧӻͳһƣ滭˺ĺõӰǰ
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ڸһһ𣿡ǧȴޱĵ
Ӱͣס˽ŲǧɫдЩɻ
ҾߡǧĻκִ⡣
Ӱߵǰִ𻭱ʣǧҲߵǰš
Ӱ΢΢˼һ£ֽ̿ϻ˿
λֻëëһֱɷ򼣬ֻëëĵɴ۾ǰֵ򼡣
վ壬ϻ·ǧϵ·
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Ӱȴᳶһ´ǣڳǧ仰ͲϣˣֻҪܿһһա
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㣬㣬Ѳܣ
Ҹ£Ҳ翴ˣҼһϲģȴϲҵģҶãûӦʼնȲǸˣ˵޹ȥֺαأöҸʵˣ˭Ҳϲ˭˭Ҳ˭öڣʦأֻһḻߣǧ˵š
ͦĽ˵ģֻҪǮƣһӲȢûϵǸŮ˶ܸԼӣ⳯¥ô࣬ȥ¥ȥǼ¥ðϱÿ춼ڻֻҪǮҲԼ𣡡
ǧһֱ;ţѾ˵ۣȻֻЩȻ˵Ļͦеġ
Ů˲аҪǲˣҪǧָͺʲôĴһ㣡ֻĬĬ̾һ
治ôģϾʦǹٸˣиʲôͷʲôģЩ¥ŮҲѳΪĺֻ֪ǧȻһֱĬţȻܹվ˵˵ղǷǸȤġ
ҿʦһס̫¼ˣ͸һһ̻ζûУȻӰôһ˼ͱӰʲôо͸˵Ǻӣÿ°ʱǮأҲȥ׷ʣֻҪÿԼţΪһյƣһȺķ˾Уͦõ𣿡
ӰﱻǸطȻǶмģûи飬Ҳ϶Ĵһݸмģݵ֮ǰǧСһнӣѾźģ˾ྴĹţͦõ𣿡
ֻνǽ׶ǧǧôȨ⣬Ǿǧˡ
һֱȥ˰죬˶żķ벻֪֮ͣ⣬߶һƬĵģɫɴ룬ʣϡǳ򰲾գ۾
ҲȢһ糾ŮӵģĬǧᶨ˵һ仰
Ȼǧֻ˵һЩдġ
Ǿ˵㲻֮ǰղ˵ǷˣԼǸȢˣȴԸһʺˣȻྴĹˣֻԼѾһ˵һЧһ
ֻҪǧһʯ粻С
ǧᶯ˴ǣҹǵͫڵҹɫ£һѷذף˾š
ʲôϵ
ֻڴǵЦԽˣǧĵƲöãͻ᳹׵Ľ˼롣
ڹִѰһܹĶˣѡһʵˣܹһ
һԻﻥֻҪԸϵڸ飬ǿġ
Ҫ˵ϵûжϵֻижѣҺҼ˶࣬ҵ裬Ҹ綼ңңأһˣ˯ҪҸ˵˶ûУһûԣû˼ǹ㡣ֻʵǵ˵ţ˵;÷¿ࡣ
ҸĽûдȻ˵㲻ϲ糾ŮӣӰǱΪ糾Ůӵİ
ĸŮ˲Ǳȵģ˭Ը糾ֻĻû˵꣬ǧͷ
Ȼֻһ˵ǣɣ֮˵ʲôҶȢһ糾ŮΪޡ
Ϊ޵飬ǧѾŮǳų⡢ˡ
Ҫ룬׵Ůмôĺûоůİ˵Ĵһֻ־ù㳣⣬˸Ǯͻ·棬ʱһô룿ЩСŮͻرĽ˫ɶԵˣԼ¿ĺܿ

507 

507 
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ȥ°¥ӰԸһ°¥Ըྴ˴˭Ҳ˭
ֻǧһγĬˣȻˣҲǷҪȰӰһ𣬵˵ĻȥʣЩ޵ŮӣԺ󲿷ֵȻǱż޼漦޹湷뷨ȼ޹ȥ֮󣬷ԼһģǸŮ˶ؼҸԼĸĸ߿࣬ǹͦĵˣ˼Ҿδˣ飬һҪҸԸģĿǰΪֹҾ;Ӱͦʵġ
߰ɡǧҹǵֻ˵
һûĮҲûбھܾҲĬϣûյľ
šֻҲٶ˵ʲôת˲ţǶҪһ£ӰôãӰƷԸ񾿾Σͺú˽һҪòʣǾ˵£˵ǲǣ
Ķôһˣһˣ㿴ߵһмˣһģЩ˭Ҳû˭վ飬ȻȻһġֻ˫̧֣ͷֵĹ¼ŵ£ид˵š
ΪʲôᶮЩǧЩɻţ;ֻһɣˣеĹƺҪĶࡣ
ʦ˭ʱûأȻûгףǲʲôߵЩýöһӰΪʲô˵ŮԽԽ޲ȥ⣬ԽԽƭˣʮŮƭˣһܰöŲ֣ǵҪҶģͲһô򵥵ˣֻҲڸǧɧ˵ʵ
ΪⱲ˻̫ˣԲԽԽҶ
һ˾ϡͿһ𣬼㷢ֲˣҲˣֻܴպŹ
ǧ仰عһֻôأ
ңûô룿Լ漸漸꣬ʹˣҪҵԵˣҸһĵŮպŹ£ϵôǮҼҲҺܺãֻҪʲô⣬Ҳûʲô÷ġֻϸ룺Ͷ̶̵ļʮ꣬һ죬һ죬Լÿ쿪ĵģһЩź飬ǾͿԼÿһͺˡ
ǧĬһĿǰޱĿڣղŲ˵Ҫ޸ҵ𣿡Ҳûκθ顣
˵š
ֻЦЦҿЦ㻹ˣȷʵһˣģһΣǮģҿҵģûܸƲˣɵӰҿҲɵӰҪлرɣ԰ɣ
ǧû˵ˣǧһֱֻ͵ˮš
ʦúÿһ˵ĻӰӴһ£о㣬Ҳʡ˷ˣʱٸܼϵĹ໥ϲȻˣϲҲҪһʲҪġֻЦŸǧӻָ
ǧûлػֻǿֻһͣ뿪
ֻýջǺܴ󣬹ԺֻҪżǧһ¸ˣӦܹΪǧĺˣǧҲӦû˵£ȥĹס
ȻˣҲϣǧӰܳɰɣ
ôˣǧͰӰݵ׳죬ӰӦòʲô⣬ʣµľͿ˵Եˡ
μϡҦŮվڹǰƴ
ƴǵϰԵĳֻķȥṴ˹ʺôôЪˣ
ʺʱûϢãԽЪˡ
ţȥɡֻһֱǸҹèӣʱΪ˵Ϩơ
鷿ˣֻķĵƾȻϨˡ
Զź棬ǽ֡
ʺڹУӪδ빬ļ󣬻˵һͻ
ûȵʺѻϸˡ
ȻϽˣҪô˵
Լ϶ǺˮҪ㣬ȴֲ֪㣬ƴǵĽŲԽԽֻҧջʺķԸڴϼװ

508 ôô

508  ôô
Ͼʺ˵ˣϼҲܻϴ˯Ҫ»߼СӵĹβŻϴϢ
ֻŻʺܹʱ
ƴƿţ߽յ⡣
ԭһƬӣ´µЩ
ֻɴԼԼӳֳһӰ˯ˡ
ƴǾ˶ȥתߵԣֻԳ˷ֻΪǧ׼׵Ůӻ֮⣬һЩӼǺͻˡ
ҲֻģԾռ˳һЩĻӸơ
ЩҲûҳǲ𣿡ƴķ˼ϵĻӣֲЩֻûǿֽŵ¾ɳ̶ȣòֻͷǰ漸ҳûˡ
ɴе˯죬Ҳû˵ˣתϣʼĹΡ
͵͵ۣƴǿһֻۣƴǶڴ£ͻƵŵϾһϺõĻϾȻ
רע档
ǲԾŵƿᣣסЬˣһֻЬһסԼ׼ĵ뿪䡣
ȻЩΪΪ֪ⲻ֪ƴһ˫Ķ˲Եһж
ƴǳЦŹ˹ĴһĨ
ֻҲֹһεĳרĿӵʱ͵Ϯˡ
Ҳװֻ֪Լ
ԼƴǺһûвӣǾ͹һһĳſȥ
΢ʱƴǲЩˣλʲô֣ʲôϲ
˵Դһŷ죬С߳ȥʱƴԾûлͷ
ɹѵĲԣνǴڵĴȻϽЬȥֻ
ʱֻҲŹŮ·ˡ
ſһ̣̱һȻ˫ָϽԷ͡
ʺˣءָŷ䣬һٺĸо
ƴǷûУֻһϵĹŮһ߽ŵš
ûУΪʺ˯ȻҾͻϿӵĹ͵͵ˡҲԼϵ·
ҺãҺãֻĵ׳һ
òƴԽԽˣԺʱ䲻̫ˡ
˽·ֻ֮˽ȥ
ƴǷֻȥ֮󣬺ܾöûлЩΣվֻ˽
ôȥôãƴǼֻϲرװҲûʲôЩɻʵ
ҶЩֻѾɡ
ƴǺʯڡֻɨһֹۣ֮ĵʵôˣ
ǽԻ˶ɣȻشһӰɡֻŶӣһͷ۵ӡ
ƴϬֻɨһ£ͻȻڵ㡭ǲʲôң
ҪǶۣŵ߳ȥ
ֻ֪ҪƴƤӵһѵ飺ôͻȻôʣ
Ȼֻȴҧأ׼ϡ
֤ݣ
ۣΪʲôҪŵĳȥ
Ҳ㵣ʱһ̫ҽҿֻпٵһĨĹ⣬ݵ˵š
ϡв䷿ζƴǿѾڴϵֻųɽ⾲ţڵֻԼһ㡣
ֻһ½Ҹմӹζ϶ţһȥԡһ¡
㻹Ʊ磿͵ǲǣƴǼֻôҲԸϣֱվߵֻǰͳɤīҫһĨŭ
ƴǡǲģΪʲôûŵֻƴֱӳԼɢһѹƣֻֻʵʵĳϡ
ΪʲôҪ͵ֲǲƴȴûлشֻ⣬ֱֻ۾ɤš
ֻϲûʲôζһڻдˣǵһܻһЩǸеζ
ÿ͵ܱ㷢֣ɴ´δһ͵ˡ
ֻ̾һһ˫续۾Щίƴǡ
ƴǼֻ˵ЦֻԣаЩüۣдŭ㻹ڸҴ˵Ц´ΣҾûơ
ƴǣҪûҳƣҾͲ޸ˣֻ°ͣʼвƴǡ
ƴֱ΢˫ۣΣյֻƿ˫ɫˮıһһĵ˵һԡ

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֪ˣڣңûܵ°¥ȥƴΣյֻ⳯ƽ
ֻ𴽽ǵһĨЦ⣬ǳ϶˵ҵȻûˣֵطôȥ
ô֪λӰѵǧ㣿ƴ΢΢ͷֻ˹˵š
ƴһ¾ʹҵ©
ôܣ°¥˵ģһλҲҪǸӰ˵ӰѾǧˣ˵һˡֻԼһɣתת˻⣬ϣƴǶȤʱǧأλ˻ĵĸǧֱվ˼Ҵſڣܶ˶ˣȥǧԼȰܵġ
𣿡ƴǼֻ˵б۵ģ㾹Ȼûбǧ֣Ҳ档
㱳ң͵͵ѧṦƴٴγֻսһΡѩݣṴŴζ˵š
ҲǸ˵αװ𣿵ʱöأǧôܻע⵽أֻŲæ˵ţһ˫˵һƬ峺
ʲôαװôûƴϸֻͿĨҺոжױˮϴˣҲӦЩ찡ôһ仯ûУ
ˡֻԼסˣȻóݷŮԵĲ˿ߣСҵġ
һԵģǾͲƴ֪ˡ
ұ˵ģֻỳʲôΪʵҲ͸˵ˣ֮ǰǻţǺŶϾϵģӴԺͲŵˣΪ뿪ţŵعֻһʵʵĸƴ˵ˡ
ƴеĲ˿ߣʵؼΪᱡ⻬п˵ļϣҺҪԵ˲
ΪʲôҪƴȴ˵ôһ仰
ȻҪİ˵Ȼ뿪ţҲǴһЩŵĶģԷһһԼõֻƴǵɫžͫһƬƽ޲˺Ѳ²ʱ뷨
Ҳ֪֪϶ỳʵûи˵ʵҲҲҪ㣡
ûдԣһ𣿡ƴȴûֻ˵Ļǲֻ˵Լжϡ
ѵΪǺСһ𣿡ֻʵҾǰѾ褽ҲС㣬ҳҲ
Ƕġ
һ˾ͲʲôΣ𣿡ƴȻֻ˵ĻǼֻһ˳ȻЩġ
ô죿Ųԣһǧϳô죿ҪǴŮĻҵ٣ǧҲ֪ˣֻҲʾģյƴǸǰҪ´´͵һ𣿡
ƴǽ˿ֻֻһ˵ҲУҪȥϳ㿴Σ
ֻ֣һƴǣЦŵ
Ҳ֪ұ֣Ϊһ֮ô׾ܳģƴһֻ
ҲõģҶǳǧҲ͵ģҪʲô飬Ҿ˵Լ飬ǧ϶᲻ܵģֻΪŵ˵ţ˵ǰܽҲһ˳ŵģʲôôСֵģ˵ҲҲݰɣòƽƽ˭ᶢҰ
ֻŵ˵š
ǺܾģǻعⶵȦû˸
ǰǰǻʺ󣬲Ҳÿ˸˼ûԼݣƴǵͳɤĳ˵
ȻˣõλݣҪκβ׵ĵطǧ˲ŹңҲŻС߰˵°ɣֻƴһЩȷطڲʱڸƴʵ
ǧ飿
ǰֻ˵ͷ
ƴų΢һ£ǧİǸӰˣһ˺ܾã
ǰλ˵ǧȥȥ˴ʱҲǧȻԸ⻨Ǯӣ˵ӰڲͬģԣһܺõĻᰡҿ϶Ҫʱʱ̵̿ĶţҪ˳ʲôᣬǧǸֲȥͣǾͳýŵҪ԰ֻһԺӡ
´ҪӰһ棬ôģǧΡ

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ȻƴīɫȴһƬϴǧʱ˵û뷨᲻ᡭӰʵǧһأ
ʲô˼ֻЩˡ
һֱ¶Ķ£ڰǧҰߣռԼһЩ鱨ģ¥ֵطʺռһЩҪ鱨ĵط֪ǧǲҪӰİߣƴǸֻš
ɣֻЩˣܲôˮ˵ȫǷϻ
ģǧʱҲþҵͬ⣬ǧӰİߣռһЩҪ鱨Ҳûпܵģ
ƴ仰ɲǸֻһˮ
˵飬ҲûпܣƴǼֻһйһ㣬Ͳڼֻˣȥֱǧɣǧռ鱨ģ϶˵ġ
ţòǣ˵Ӱ֮ǰǽᶽŮ֮ǰ׷ҪǧǸֻǽӰɰߣ̫˷ˣֻЩһ˵ţǧ
ôѾˣ㻹ǰ˼ڻʺϣúõĸҦѧĹأȫҲǧܳˣٹٶأݷ̧ͷֻһƴ޷ɤĶֻ˵š
ʺ䶢º죬Ǹʱˬ˵ʱ򣬲Ҳȡ
ǱҲʼնûϢʯһӴ˾ĸûκθϵһ㡣
ȻԽƴԽǲ׵иΪԷпܻڻʺ죬зˣԸº;˼ǿ˻ʺľ䣬ʺκεĲǲŵ˻
µĩʱݷڲֵʱȥδ빬
ΪʲôҪһĲ˿ߣݷֻ˵Ļɻ󡢺š
﾿ûаֻȴǲûлشݷ⡣
Уǡ滨ҪĲÿݷ˵ͷ
ҾҪÿģԽԽãֻǰͲء
ЩС˼ˡݷʵڲֻ뷨
㲻ף´Ҵͺˣˣ֮ǰ飬ôˡֻȴһЦ
ͬԴԼĽᣬǿ϶ᱻǧʾΪԼ֪ԵĻǾЩΣˡ
㲻ǧᷴϲΪ˱һֱӴԼ׼һųߣֱӴӸϱ⡣
Ů֮дģֻҪ㳤ó
ǧһ⿴ˣÿжôһߣ͸һԾһ㻹Ծϣôǧܽܡ
ĳֱ࣬ӳˣͳǧĳܷΧˣǧֻᵥİһտ뷨
ȥһ£ֳһλϵĸ̺ܷϴСҪüһλʹСµС㣬ΪʼԴһֱûгޣҲ۰λС㡣ϴβ͵͵ܹ˵ֻȥһݵˣȥˡ
УҾݣֻݷ˵꣬˵
´μǧǧ϶׷ݣǧ͵͵ĸȥҲ£ΪǧԸ񣬳ǾɣȻǧǲǱ뵽ŮӵĹ뷿ȥġ
С㣬ܸܲң㾿ʲôܲҪӽǧȻǧѣɣ
ݷʳԼɻ
ÿ취ôٳӰˣϣӰʧɣпյĻͰҵһӰ֮ǰƷôǧѾܹһ˺ˣɲǧһΣҪϸѹصġ
³ˣҲҪôˣֻܹԲɹ
ϣɣݷʹЦһ£һ˫ȻһаĹâ
ǧÿ춼°¥ҴʱҲһЩ
ǧҲûһӰֻڴߺŲ裬Щʲôġ
Ҳô˵
һֱȥ𣿡ǧѾһˣȫûҪߵ˼Ҳһˣ˯һǧûߣҪ飬Ǻǧȴܲڡ
뿪ˣԺʲôģ̌ͷ⣬Ѿڲ֪кתʵ
ӰĹһĨЦҪôȥܵóȥΨһľֻܵ˰ȥ벻ˣҿҪˣ

511 ͸Ǹ

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Ȼ͸Ǹ𣿡ǧҪԼڵһ裬ȴˮѾˡ
ǻ˵ЦȥҸѵϻôɵˣ뿪𣿿뿪ˣȥʲôط⾩ѾݲˡӰ˰ϣԽԵһĳ޳ӡ
ȻԼԼӰüʲôһûӡ
ǧеĻ֮󣬾ֱ壬ӻͳһķϡ
Ӱˣɫ΢΢һĨȣ֮ɵʲô
ٸġǧ˵š
ӰɫиԽľˣһĨźۼľѸٵĴҪҳȥ
Ǹ㣬ڣңûȥˣǧῪڣȴǺ棬ֵ֮ɡ
ǲҲửĻÿζһĻӰǧô˵䲻һĨ⡣
ǡǧһε⣺ֻϲѣ㻭ĻȤ
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ҽЪǧȴǲ˼ĻشҲûˣҲûʲô顣
Ӱٴһ£Ŀǧ߬һ£Щ
ֻЪ˯ǶǧָָԵ齡
ܳȥϴһ𣿡Ӱ˳ǧָķһۣ֮˵
㣡
ӰҧŴ֫ٺһĨʹߵһ֮
Ҳ֧Ųסֻ֨֨ĹͷĦԭϸӣһıҲıߡ
ΪҵʹĺˮӶͷ͸˳°ͣһһεĵ
ݷץǣŹͷһһŵʹ
ϵĹͷȫɺݷǼѤõĺ£ѱϵĺˮʪ
ǹֻάһʱ䣬һʱ䣬ͻʹ̣ʱ廹ԭȥĻԺͻΪһзϡ
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ǧ£㾿ʲôǷ𣿲ܵģǹǹ츳ɣҪ幹죬ϵĲ˿ߣҲǲ׵ıǧ·֡
ǧʲôǶĻȤԴ㽫ȥ
ǣǲģǧȤУ
ֻ°¥ѧˣֱҵк˵𱣺裬λûУ
һֻ̾ͷӦڣЩˣڻûأҾ˵вմȵģƸտʼǱȽϽںˣͲסﲻأ
УҾˡֻǧȻЩˣ˵ǧȥ
СǱߵϢ׼ȷ
ֻֻתͷߣȴͻȻеӣ߰λү˵Ҫˣȥġ
ֻЩ𾪣ɾеϡˡ
ΪʮˣǧӦͰˣҪӰģҪӰϢ
ˣһȥˣǧ˵ֻڲǧ
֪Ӱ뷨ӰûǷ˼ϸ
Ӱķڶ¥㣬ղǵȴǴ͸¥ԼԼӰķ䣬֮˵Ķ䱾ʮֵ
֮;ֱվ¥
볯Ӱȡ
˵ǧӰ
ӰɫԵЩ֪룬漴ͳǰ治Զȥ
һ˫ұ˵˫͸ϸСķ϶Ŵ߹ǧһɫаΣյĺ
ֻѾ߳°¥ĥȥҼҺóԵĵ̣Եʳڻȥ
˵ǧϲʱ䲻ɳˣ˹ֻ͵
ӡһдԵֻ
ֻعͷһɫѵǧ
ʦֻ¶һĨЦҲ֪Ҫôǧкˡ
ܹǧһأǲס
Ȼˣôȥû˵𣿡ǧҹǵĺֻϣûı飬һĮǧ֮⡣
˵ˣֻ´ʦĺ£ֻ㳶һɣʦôˣӰأ

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ǧûлشֻ⣬ת̧ͷɫ֮ĮĿʵ㲻ҵ𣿡
⵹ֻ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣҲǣʦҲͦõģӰģһ˴ģ죬ŮӵҲ
ÿδӼ𣿡ǧ˫ֻصĿֻ
ȻˣҴӼΪģֻһκ°¥úӰͦĵûµʱ͹죬ˣһʱǮҸ죬˵˵£гкȵģҲͦõġֻҡҡͷ
Ӱһֻ˵ҽǧֻĻеóۡ
ǾӰԸͦõģҲ֪һЩ飬پҲˣͬΪŮԣҵȻǺͬˡǶԼ뷨ؼǿԼôİǾӰͦõģͦʵģȥ£ҪǾòУǾͲ£ֻɲһζϹǣߣֻм价ڵá
˽һǸĵ뷨ǽӴһᣬһЩʲôġ
ӲǰǴһԵ飬ɲɡ
Ӱôǧֻԣ˵ĻûбʾʲôֻתһԵǧ
ϡɫ£ǧĲոļ㡢ǵһ㣬üŨ˳˪ֲĹ¡
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ңʲô˵ģֻһˬӣȻ˳ƾͰָǧĸ첲ϣҾһС£СûŮкӵĵͦȤģʦϴǰѽܸҿ𣿡
ǧֻνĽִļϣһõӣ漴Ͳӣ΢һüŮӻҪŮӵӣҪİӴ
ֻ֪ǧӦҲ˿⣺ʦǸʲôģ
ڴڵǧ˵һݳ
Ǹʲôģ
š
ôôǮֻʾ棬ѵƴʹ͸ġ
ҵǮ·ɾ㲻ûʲôǧֱӻش
ǴǺæ㿴ȥа
ҲֵǧԴû˿ͣٺԥ
еģտʼʱæӰ
ʦԺҪпյĻͽҵʽ£ҲãҸ˵رϲЩϹһѽ·Ĵˣ˧ҲӡֻһƬ㽡
书ûôѧǧȴ˵һһСǳԲֿġ
ѽֻһʲôȭġʲôģˣˣУ˭ҪȥܰҸ
ҽ̲㣡ǧߵĵط֮󣬾ͣ½ŲϸĶֻݣȻѹʵǼٵİɣ
ȻˣҪ泤ͺˡֻͷ
ߣʲôô˰췢ֲʲôء
ֻ߰Ժ˵ɣǿһǮģͿĨ˵ױۣӷ촦סˣټͷϵĿġ
ΪʲôҪߣǧȴɻ
͵İôУֻȴ˵ϵܵҿˣҲֻгŲڼҵʱ򣬲͵ܳ
ǧ˵Ҳеĸ̣Ψһո̺ЩƣǼҵСֻΪԲԲһֱûг޵ġ
֪ǧ϶ȥݵģҺ׼
԰ҾС˵ҶôˣҲСвŻֺÿģûҵԼˣһֱޣǻ˵ùȥҾǼеСǮҪû࣬ҪŻûŻܵҸɳɣȻö˶˵Ĳޣ֪ôأֻѾ׼õ˵ǣ˵ǧ
Ŷʮѡǧ˵һҲ
԰һ漸갡湻ˣҾҵҸŮ̵ֻţҲҪǵŮжܸˣֻҪһУȥĵͺá
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ǧɫһƬãûЩҲûԺ˵Ҿˡ
һ仰ǧĻ
ô밡ʲôģ书ôֻǧʱ׼ʱһ
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Ŀǰ뷨ǹһһ졣
ֻ˵ʵѣʱΪ׼ûҪȢӵ飬ǣĻǧδԹκ˵ƴҲǡ

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μֻҪһѪУܵѾȢףٹ¾ͻԼĺˡ
Ҳǣ޹ҵģҲͦõġ
ԭǧʵ뷨֮ѹûΪԼҲȫǱ˵
޵ҪҪô󣬻ǾǷ޵ģѽ֮ˡ
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Ļ͸һû˼ľͷʲô㻹кܶ鶼ûоأֻоˣͻᷢȤ
þҶˣʣˣǧĮ˵š
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㻹ûȢأ
ǧĬһ£ҾˣͬҲھڶˡ
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ԭǶǧ뷨ˡ
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ֻҲ֪Ҫǧ鲻һ׵飬͸Ҫˡ
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һˣǾһСЩСＴôѣҲŬĹţԺϸõδ㽣㲻ܾΪ֮ǰʧȥеİֻҪ㻹ûϣûͲ֪ᷢʲôľϲֻʲôˡ
ֻǧĵطȻһȴ̻ζǧӦô
ʲôо鲻ھһ飬ÿԷͬһˣͬζһأȢһⲻ˵ľӺͺӣ㲻ͬĸܡ
λԵʲôƹݲҲûֵļУȾƵ˶ǽķãСҲǾƹϰĶӣλİף̬ҲʮֵѺãǾƹݵֲˣԼƵľơ
ֻҲûǧˣͳԼġ
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514 Ҳĳ

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ǧһԾţΧ˵˵ֻȰǾͲ֪ˡ
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Ɑ֮󣬸׼ȥǧѾ̧˲һ
֪Ǻġǧ˶ٽſڣҲлл˵Щǡܶ鲻һ˵ġ
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ˣǧΪ˫̥ԾͱˣǾͳһ¶иסĸȴֲ̡
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סˡ
ϲϲֻԼ֪֪û˻Ե޹ʵĶãԸΪ㸶һֿϲ㣬ڶ־ǴĿĵģǵڶ֣
ΪʲôʲôĿģ
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㲻֪ǧȻ˵Լһһģһĵܵܡ
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ԭ
Ϊʲôĺ˰
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ԣʹ࣬ʹĲľͺġһʼӽģΪãȴݽȥˣ޷԰ΣȴȻô飡
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Ȼһ춼Ҫ⣬һҪͷСţ
ԴСţ͵ʹ֮󣬸νͷСţаԵƴǵĹͷСţҲøͷСţ·
ʴڿν˶֪ʹһλϲţСӣҪǸСţȥڸµˣС͵ȥ
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Ͼܽˣ
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Ҫһ첻ЩʲôҪʱʱ̿ǰΣ־÷ˡ
콫ߣʲô鶼ΪģҲûʺȻĸоǧվһ˵
ƴʵûյʱ򣬾ͰѸǧȥҲǧﻰ
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ӣᣬҡǧһʱҲ֪Ҫô˵
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ȥʲôǧɵĿʵٲȻӰڵȥǺܲʵġ
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ҽղЪ⣬ʲôʱС˵ǧת뿪
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ûйڴǼ򵥵ϣҸԷˡ
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׵Ĳҿ
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áӰû˵ʲôתԸѾȥˡ
֮ҲߵߣīŨĺҹżм˴¥߹ΣллܲμҵᣡһܹһᶽС㣡
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ǻߵˡǧֱӵ˵ҴסţǰԮʿ
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Ȼ֪ǽᶽŮֻ֧ϻһɵˣΪ㻹Ҫ㲻»֪˻ᶯŭ𣿡ӰЩǶΣ˵ļһ㣬͸⡣
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ޣӰȴʵ
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֪һλڻϸǰ˵𣿡żӰͷмǧ
ϱҪ£޹أ˵ǿܣ֤°¥ءǧ˵˵š
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һºĴ£뿪°¥֮ʲôȥ㻹𣿡ǧҹǵ⣬ԵӰȥ
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Ӱҧ˫ʪ̺˫ü֮͸һĨ˵ɬ֮⣬ٻƵ¸컡
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ܾһǰ϶ǻ顣
ȻˡĽ׳ƴһЦǳصζϴβȡѪڵĶȻһжڿƵУÿڷһҩĻӦöԼӿڵĶ
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ǡĽصĵ˵ͷҩһˣͲ׵ͣˡ
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ԼĻͲﵱȻҲǲġ
ΪзԭֲûУ
ǵʱҪһ
ƴǼֻ˵ô棬ȻҲڷʲôһжΪ˺ӣȻÿ찴ʱá

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ƺֻҪƴǸκʣһžߵƴǵˡ
ƴֱӸЦΣ㣬ȷڸҿЦ
㲻Ծ͸ңʱ⣬򣡡ֱҪƴǵùɫҩƿ
мĳĽȴס棺ͱƴǺˣºֲ
ƴǣǼѣ̰ɣ
ҩСŶʱ䣬ֻΪ˱֤һĺӳƴڴǵЦܵԽԽ
Ҳô˵ҩǱԵġĽ׿һƴǣǲµƴ롣
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ÿ춼ܼ棬ȴܵ飬˵Ŷܹ˾ݲ١
ƴǣҲʹˣȻʺǻ֮Ҿ͸Žһ湬ɣֱǷֿˡ
ҲԸǲһʵĽڣƴǵҲôˡ
㣬ҿԺͻһ𣿡
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ֻʵûкûνæûϵҲأʱǿһ׺ĸ𣿡
ƴ߬סֻ֣˵Ļܶԣ˸ףûҲĸףһʹһĸ׵ģһҺӵĸ׵ģɷܸӵģҲһҪ㣡
ƴī㴿УǼᶨ
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Ҫǽ㡢ԸĻӹ̸Һƴǰɣ
Уҷǲġ˵תͷĽףҪӣŮ˸ȥ
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š˵ͷתĽ׻еĸͺֻȥ
֮߳˵ԵЩĬ
ҲûǸƴǿЦľͷˣתʵƴ֮ķºƵ𣿡
㣬ôͻȻ̫ˣ⵹Щ˼ˡ
ҶŮˣ˵˵Σֶº棬ֻҲûа취
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ҲΪСˣƴԺҪǳҩͲˣΪѣҲΪѣȴ̾һ
㣬ҷͻᣬڵȸҲûʲôֻʵ˵ִһЩܶൽʮ궼ǴŮˣҲŶʮѣִʮʱû̸Сֶûأ
ʮ겻Ҳûʲô
ƴ֮ĸ飬ȴҲʵ
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ҽҲ֪Ǹʲôˣ˼Ը񶼺ֲܶҪ˾ܹúܺõˣһû취УѾίˣòԸֻҪģдѵſԸӭȢҶҶĲȴĸ׵ʸûСο궼һ¡

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һܹм꣬Ѿõ껪׸ˣҲôõ껪װʧҪȥһ£֪ôġʵνģںģΨһµľǻֻίѡ
ôش㣿Ľ׼ʵƴǵпԿĺںֻֻõûʧںֻеһӰӣƺһգ۾ʧ
ֻ磬ڵʮֵĳǰҲʮֵĿš
ŮڻǰܣǿɵŮԴĻ֦չϽ֣һŮ˶ڻ⣬ͬ顣
Ҳ˵еѡ񶡿ˣǲҪӡ
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ӦûҵģǡǸ
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ǣ֮ǰǴӦֻڻʳˣȥԴСס
Ϊϵȴû취ʱСסͱ˳סͲԸػʳˡ
ΪҪǻ߻һֱŸݷ㣡
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ʵ⣬ֻһ˶ѣҼҪӣֲͻֿƴ˵Ļ
ôºֿ𣿡
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ֻ˯ϣ˺ƴǲŻ
ô˯ƴһϮɫ߽ϣҡӵֻЦʵ
Ҳ˯ţƴһ֮ûΪ˯žˣ˯ȴúǳ΢еѣʱҲҪò˯š
˯ϣǱ۾ȴһû⡣
͹˵Щʲôֻȥȥˣֻҡӣƴȥ
ƴſһƬǳЦգûʲôʵĵطҲûзôˡ
أƴߵֻԣ˯ֻԣʵ
Ͳ󣬽ƴȴƫҪһ飬Ҫȥӡ
ֻһԵƴǣ֪㣬ˡ
ƴȴǵһʵ̬һͰֻ˻У٩ôϸˣ˯һ㲻Ͳ𣿡
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̩ʲôƴֻĻֻǴǺЦѰİĴʵ
̩ϾһƷ֣
ǹƴ̧ͷֻա
СֻƴǻЦţȻƴǶ߽š
ƴˣҲѿ˫竵Ц⣺ôĸжģǣϱǸţ·ÿʹµģϸ˸տʼ
ѽôϲ˷޵ˡֻû뵽ƴǾȻҲôԵһ棺˷޵Ҳ˼ʡ
Ҳûһ켸β
㡭㻹һ켸Ρҿֻƴ˵Цѧƴǵӣȥƴǵա

523 

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֮ǺƴˣҲüһƴǵ
ģҪҪӵĻҲУʱСȻ̳ĻλֻЦ˵š
ڸ˵һ顣ƴ˳ָṴסֻӨ°ͣī㸲Σ֮⣬Ҳøͳ
ֻƴȻڸƴǿЦˡ
ƴְ˵
аɣҪҾ͸ô˵Ѿþˣ
ˣΪҵŮˣвӵĵԺĻλ˭̳УƴǰĻظ
ֻƴǵĻһЦͼƴǵǰһһĻȦǼȻˣҲ˵Ȼʺ֮ҪôᵽȥסҪô͸Žȥ湬Ȼÿ棬ȴңǲֵֹġ˵ˣԸԼܿ㣬Ҳ׼ң
ƴǷҩӦеģƴǵʱΪѹԼķӦ϶᲻
ԸԼȱܿƴǣƴҲҪƴǸ
͸ҺúõڹţĶ׼ȥƴȴǶֲݷ˵΢ӣЦĿֻҽĻ㻹ˣ
ʲô˼ֻЩɻʵ
ҩȷʵҪãҲȷڷҩĹвзҪ֮ãǴĶǻʲôӦѣƴһĨЦ˵֪ѧһҽжãͲñͽˣתˡ
ģˣأֻһ̸˵ʵ
Ȼأ֮󣬽͸˵ʵˣȫҽ⣬滳ǲ׽㣡ǲҸĸϴˣ׵ܵܵĵƴ̾һȴ޿κε˵
龿ôģǲǲ÷ôãֻҲǾԽܾһԩңŷȥԼ׵ܵܡ
ţֻҪһʱѣƴǵ˵ͷ
Ҫöãֻʵ
ꡭƴ򴽣ԥһ£֮͹˵
ҲáֻϵЦŵŮ˻ӻҪʮأΪԺǺ룬ͰĵķҩɣҪеûĶˡ
ƴסֻһƳĴֻŵЦ⣬ȴһƬ䣬Ƭ֮Żڣҿ԰겻㣬㡭
ôˣ
ˣ˵ˣ˵Сۣƴ΢ﵭԶɽüȻȴĬݷ֡
˵ݷ㣿
ƴû˵
ƴǣ㵽ʲô˼ֻһ´ƴǵĻЩţʲôˣǾ겻ңҾͻݷ֮ʲôȻǸʱŮ֮ܿţҲǻڵµķϣǿһһƵģҡһкܶС檣
ҹȥֻԽ˵Խ־ƴǸȥתһ룬Լվ˯⣬׼ϴ
ƴǼֻô֮ǰȥֻ߽ͣվҪߵʱסֻ֡
ûô󷽵ˣҲװˣƴֱԵ˵Ҿ㣬һ÷ŮһֱߣһһϲңΪԸһߣΪҪ뿪һʱ䣬ĵ𣿡
ֻƴô˵תҪôģҪǸŮһ˼ûУҪʲô
ǸŮ㣬źһָߵ͵òžĲŻͲ飬ܸ裬Ըַǳĺãκ˶崺ĸоһǵľˣΪҷ߹ݺ׵Ĵ߾ֻһСѾߣҸ㷢ģ˵Ҳϲûиоңܹ׵ķ𣿡
ƴһһʵ
ҲΪѵͲŮ㲻ڵʱ䣬ĲⷽĵΪҪǣ֪һȽ

524 Ůݷ

524  Ůݷ
һŮݷ㡣
ֻ֪ƴҪ˼ݷ㣬ƴȴûŹݷ㣬ʼնΪݷǱĿĵġ
һ˵ĻͲܸһҪôǵʲôʱλ÷ˣƴֻԲԣ
ôɵݷ𣿡ֻľݷȻ˵ܻϲȴҲ֪˵ģʲô뷨ҲͱĿǷݸоѡ
ʲôмɵƴЦŷʵҲŲµǿŲͼѡ
˵ôҴӴԺҪȥݷ㣿֪û취ıƴǶݷ뷨ϾһʼƴǾʾݷΪУݷΪ뿪ţߣЩٴ룬ƴǷ½Ĳܵġ
ݷֻߣ˵ݣЩϲȴԲĴ治飬ûҪɢˣƴȴЦʵĴֱָֻϸϸĦš
ֻƴ仰ŵˣƴǣôô룿ݷҪйõ˼Ҳһɣ
УȻôΣҸ㣬ʲô˵ƴǾͽֻߣ˵Ż
ֻ겻һȶ𾪵ĿƴǣԥƬ֮¶˾ģãҴӦ㣡
ƴֻ仰ǷٵЦ⣬΢һͽֻ˻Уҧ۵Ķ䣬ֵ˵ҾҪҩˣһܡ
˵ƴǾͷסֻĴ
С磬˰һˮ߳Ĳԣÿ߽ݷ㣬˵ʵ
ǣǲĲʱ򣿡ݷʱ˵ո㷻ˣ˵϶ڸֻԻʺϵء
ǰһʺ·ˣҪ޸ĵģʺﶼվ˿ˣţð·Ūˡ̾һЩε˵
ǴС㴩Ϸ۵Ӻÿ𣿡ݷĴţһĨҵЦ
Ȼÿȵִĸµأ˵ⲻɾ˷ܵ˵
ҴӹĳСǰϲԣҳ˺ܶңҲҵĳ΢ϴСθˣԾЩ͹Ҿˡݷ㽫еʳеݸԣ滹һһĺɻҶ
ĳζʳܳ
СһҲֻʺΣһֻһʱôˣҪҽȥһôͻʺ˵仰ɣԼݷûŻʺߣһ¾˷һλᣬݷϧˡ
ûϵϾҪʺˣôشҪСҪˡݷЦЦǵĨЦݼȸɾȴ͸¶һ˿а
ˣС̯ϿһС⣬ۣ֬ͦµģˡݷתҪߣʲôͳһöµۣ֬ľɵģԲ״ϵ̵ĵƺܺÿװŮõ֬
ЯǧС㶼һ
Ǹʺģۣ֬Ҳϲ
ǣǸģСòݷ̹Ȼ˵š
⵹òЩˣҵģ
ţˡݷ˵ͷ
ôԻδչ͵ӻŮӣݷȴڽͻȻһ֬۸Ůϲ֬
ܲòԼأȴҲķȥ룬С磬ôÿԸֺõˣ书ôãǲܿġ
ӦþֻΪǻʺߵŮͨѣ͵Ķѡ
ݷδ빬߳һɫ¸¾ǻʺˣܸйϵģûϵĶ쳣ķæ
һϻǿʳǵĽ䱸ÿѲҲˡ
ƴڷ˭أ
ݷߵĨбζЦһ¡
ٴεͷʱϣһͷСţƵĳϻ׽һЩ۵ݣСţıſһ۵ĺӣʣ⺢ȻǸˡ
ѧʱ䣬δ빬ΪҲҪϯĻʺ䣬δ빬ԴΪĻӷԼѧЩء
ΪҪǣŻţǧ
ݷ㿴ǰĿɫĮǧṴ˹
漴ӭȥ˰
ſţϵĸѾ˯ˣȻעⲻݷ㣬ݷ֮͹վһԣǧǣŻţȥ
ǡһ紵ݷϵĳζƮɢǧͣ½Ųݷ㿴ȥʲô

525 ˳

525 ˳
ǳʺǰܽʱϲԣҾʹЩʺﳢݷ΢ʹͷ˵
Ĺ涨˽ЯʳΪʹĶѵ㲻֪𣿸οϾǻʺˣҹǿ䱸Ѳߣ˭䱸˭ѵҲ֪𣿡ǧĿɭֵݷ㣬ﲽơ
ݷ㿴ǧ򴽣漴˵ΪŵˣһẦʺ
᲻ẦʺҲ֪֪ŵˣҲΪ˻ʺǧ亮⣬ûֱԣǻе˼Ѿˡ
ǾݷпܻڻʺŪʲôֻʽĳΪĻʺ
Сϲӣ֮ǰϲС㣬ڻʹӴȣʺ
ݷǧ仰ֽ𣬵漴ʹӴѿһĨ޵ЦϲϲֻдС㣬ϲұκ˶ϣõҸΪȥʲôֻ뿴ҸֶѣҸģƾʲôܴߣ
ƾʲôΪӲܸʺҸΪȫֻſԸʺЩ㿴ڻʺòӼÿæÿҲȥʺʺҪҲûʺͲҪߣˣΪһ˾͹ˣǧݷⷬ˵ǣѹͲ⣺ΪʺõĻͲӦ˵ⲻ˽Ķѣ
ݷԸӣɴһĨЦ۲ʱⲻ΢һ£漴ʹ˺ѵǧ˵ѾûĵطȥˣҼϲС㣬ҲΨһˣϲǴģѵһˣѣҲǴҴӽʼʲôԽص飿
һֱŻϵӲȥδ빬һˣҲǴû͵͵ȥδ빬˽ҹС㡣ƾʲôΪҶԴСͼ죬ƾʲôΪһڲʺ죬ŵ˺ȥƻ䣬Ȼôң䱸ңôĲԸ⿴ҳʳߺˣԶ̤ʳǿ˰ɣ
˵ݷ۽ǾȾһĨ죬漴Ͱϵ嵶ԼƶǧתȾȻʹ뿪
С㡭δ빬ֻ߳ݷ˵ıˡЪ˹ͳסݷ㡣
ݷֻĽֻ΢΢ͣ½ŲٴȻȻĳǰȥ
ֻϻδķۣȹҷڵأͷϸǷصķڣǲ˵ղСˣ˳Եģˡ
˵СһֻΣһû˷ѵһλˡ
Ͳֵˣȴû뵽һĻʹĵĻ档
ݷղŵĻĺܾˡ
㵽׸С˵ʲôֻŲȹС˼֪Լ׷ˣͣԵǧ
ǧŭֻʲôֻ˵һ䣺û˵ʲô
ǳʲôԭҺС㲻Ҫֺƴʲô˵Ҫֻ͡ȻĿǧ˵꣬ŷ˻ȥԵĲԷԸȥСһ
ԿһȻֻֿһΪǧ͵ʹ˵ǡ
ôôסƴǧϵ౨Щĸ˸ü
ӣǱʼշƽ˾С֮ˣҲûκϢۿʺԽԽݷ粻ͣ治ͣƫƫʱȥͻʺϲԵĳ²òǧʵĽü΢˵Լеǡ
ǧ۳Ǹ㲻ƴȴ˵һӹ˽ԵĴʳǲ֪ҪֻǵĸͳԵģ;Բײ
ǹģǧ˵Щ벻
Խǵ䣬˵񾭶ԽǶɫȴҲܹӻʹǿ䱸һһƴǻ嵭˵ţҹ˫һƬļš䣬һĨݵĹâֱĵ׷
ҲһֱעһһҲǶɺԺ͵ûҪڹˣ
ӣѵĲڷʲôҪСƻεķҪô죿ǧҶû뵽ݷ㿴ȥô޹Ըºͣ˶ܺദˣķʽֻǰչ޹ί

526 

526 
ĶģҲûʲôã֮֮ƴݣƻĴ⣬ᣬһƬ͸һַƽ˲²͸˼
ǣף¶÷ڵģòκεĲӡǧᶨ쳣˵
ʺǲǧĻ˵С㣬ūôС磬С㶼Ըū澻ֻǸū˵ǧ˵Ķԣʼն䱸ô϶ʾΪУѹֵĴ͸͸Խݷ˵Ļתֻ
˵ʲôʱ𣿡ݷǺºͣҲֹɵģҲзѵĵġ
͸һһȴĬʱҪĿ¡
ûСҡҡͷȻǧҲǹģǿ϶С˵Ļ̼С硣
ǧǺ䵭ǲҲ֪ǧĲģСһԸ⡢ůĴˡ
ʱҲſţϣӦһЩǧǱԲҪô죬һ;ֱ˵ʹֱڿ֡
ҪȥǧʱС˵ʲôǧ˵ġ
Ǿֻаϣеˡ
Сӵʱ˯ˣҲ֪ûСһֻˣǸһû˯ѵӣӦûʲô
ֻҲͦģǻѾܷˣݷʱǧˡ
ݷڳûκεˣҲûʲôطȥġ
ˣһ˰ɣֻȻʲô
ڣԾȵˡ
ԣȥҵֻͷҵС㣬ҵȥȰȰС㡣
ǡū澴ûһ˳ū澶ԳҲϤǲΣĻΧޣĺİ
ȥˡһʵɤ洫ͼһɫ۵ƴӺɢ˽
ֻƴ߽һʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ȥɣƴǶŲԵ
ǡ֪ΪʲôԼƴЩµġ
ǧ׸С˵ʲôƴǸһֱֻſʵ
ǧһ᲻ϲݷģǷˣָʹİȫȻЩġƴȴǧ˵飺Ժǧݷ˽Ӵ
ֻ֪ҪǧݷǸ϶ǲܵģݷߣҲȷʵһֱƴǷš
ҲֻˣƴǶ˵ˣֻô
ǧСʵ˳СҲʵ
ǧƴʼն϶ݷǱĿģȻСʲôǶǴɫĿȥ
Ψһƴ֪̣ϱֳǧͲͬˣǷĵ㣬дˣɫ
Ҫһ𣿡ƴվֻǰʯҫĺĿֻ
˵ʲôֻΪԼ˵ˡ
ҵҲͦǧһ仰ݷƼˣҪĻŴƻķô죿ƴǰЦ˵ţ㿡ŵ¤һ㵭ΣΪšϡ
㡭ֻƴһ˫Ŀɫ˫һʱ䲻֪ǸŭǸЦС㲻ôġ
Ӽ˶ҧˣ˵ǲǣƴȴаȵЦš
㡭ֻٴҭ
߰ɡƴǳֻһֻ֣ڴǵЦһɽ軨Ѥãȴһĵͬʱȴ͸¶һ׵а
ĺϣݷȴ͸һ˿˱ᱡ¹⵹ӳƽ޲ĺϡ
Ʈţһ·һĻ
ݷһתͷұ˼һĨıˣīһĨ̻õǵʱˮȥĹѸٵĴˣðȥ
ݹӣϾǰ棬ȥһˣվڲԶݷ˵
ݷֻعͷٶ˵⣬űˮ档
ʺҲˡ
褽ֵ
ݷٴת˳ž褵ȥĨ˰繵Ӱһ£ƴǴỷסֻ۵ˣֻ紵ҵ޷ůľϳչĵһ⡣
ֲĻУдŮΪŨҰľ껭˲ȥõĻ档
ݷȴǾ쳣ĴۣŨҵֱа㣬ƿ⡣

527 ô

527 ô
ȴǸž褣һһ̨ס
ĵƻӳݵϣֻݷ̧ͷԵƴ˵˼䣬ƴǾɿ˻ֻϵ֣;һתȥ
С㡭ôˣݷ㿴һĻɵɫһ¡
Ȼǵ㰡ֱֻ׵˵ֿһվԺ;˵Żƴǡ
ȻͳݷߵøһЩеĵҲһ½ֻεյøĳܽǼҵһģһرóԣĶģ
ݷֻӯӯЦ⣬Ǵųӻһ㣬ͬĵңЩƫƧַڽֳԣҪϲԵĻڴȥ
ĹˡֻݷҡҡͷȻ۲ת䣬һĨϱкǧµˣҲ֪СиĸȴֲϣƴһôûѪԵǧУƴǾ׵ˣԴƴ֮ǱһֱûжǧµЩ
ѽԺͲҪƴǵҵֱӱˣҶӰ
ݷֻô˵΢ĴЦһ£ǡҲ뱻ᡭûôΪʲôҪôԩң
С㣬㣬ܽһ꣬ƴǺǧǲദĵεΣֻЩ棬ֻҲһĸоҲΪƴϲңԲŻദһʱ䣬ûһʱ䣬ƴҲôʵڼ㰡ֻ֪ƴǵĶһǺģ˵һ仰ʱֻֿѹ
밡һ࣬ǶϦദ鲻ÿ춼ʲô˵ʲôֻ֪һദĺܺãҲȽ׽˵㣬ᰲ𣿡ֻݷ㻻λ˼š
ݷʹٵ⣬Ըеĺᶯ˶
ԣֻҪĵģûκε뷨ô룬ԼУԽΣñᣬ壡ֻͷݷ
´ǧ¶£ǲǰƴǣô࣬Ӷû˵ʲôϹġ
ֻ仰ȴǵݷ㷢ЦС㣬·棬Ҫ˵ĻֱӸҶ
Ͷ˾Ӧö֣϶ӮˣƴͶڣƴô꣬˵ˣ˵˻ܽ˸ˡ
Ҳ򲻹
򲻹ʹ򲻹ȶֵģҪǰˣ㵽ƴ״ȥ˭վֻһ˵š
ݷ㿴ֻӣĵ¶һĨЦӻΪĶǣǧµ㻹𣿡
ʲô£
ǰϱ鰡ݷҲһվԵƴǣʼնûת⿴һۣЩ󵨵ʵ
ֻ룬ݷ㣬ǧԱϾûôףʼնƴǱߵˣƴǱߵֵܣݷգϵȻܱȵġ
ˣɣҸĶˣԼϣһõֻǧ̸Ҳǧ˵ԼﻰҲȴǰ飬¿ʼˡ
Ҫʧ£մ򿪵ָˣƨɺ⣬ˡ
ԭȿǿȽϿͬķĵķϡ
ֱ۸ݷˣҪǻȥǧݷˡ
ݷ仰Цһ£Ҫ¶ĲȥĻҸ߾ͲˣȻ´δţҪڱϳͲˡ
ҲǣֻҲúеǧǵİȫû¾ھ˵ôɵȻһСֻǾ군ˡ
¸һ߰ɣҲûʲôôݷ˵
аɣҲҪЩ춼æˣΪĳʺ»æԺĻҲˡ
õߵĻӦò̫࣬űҲǺõġ
Ǻãˣٸȥݷǹϵ˵
ôĲػʹˣֻݷ˼ʵ
ݷԥһ£֮˵ͷڻȥɡ
ݷ˵ʱ䲻ػʹҲʡǷˣκεһһǲɣǸЩѣȻỳһʲô뵽

528 ϼҼ

528 ϼҼ
ˣ˵ˣȻȷȥҲԣǻʳķģÿȷʵͦѹֵġ
ãʱú÷һ£Ѱһʲôóԣģҵÿˣٳȥȥ档
áݷȻͷ
Ǿ˵ˣҪȥˣ֮ǧ´Ҫ鷳ͰҸղ˵ĻȥֻݷĵòˣҲҪˣƴǸݷ㵥ĵĻᣬҲҪעִŶԡ
Ҫ˵ϲ𣿡ݷ㵹Щҡ
԰˵ֻݷգգۡ
С㡭ֻݷ׼Ҫߣݷֽסֻ
ôˣֻͣסŲ
ûˡݷֹס˻ֵһ£֮ǰܽʱ򣬴СʱĶҪôЩӹҲûʲô£뻭档
ап˻ø㡣ֻ˼˵Ҳͦõġ
ǲˣáݷǵĵ
ģһ͵͵ġֻСĳݷ˵һܻ֮صǰ
ƴ˵һЩ˾Ц𿪵һ뿪ˡ
ݷ㿴нԶĳ֣аȵڳľ˶ǡ
ôãôůĺ뽫ڻУϸϸ˳ķҷ
ñȽ磬һҹ䣬ɽҶˣƮڵأżƬķҶΪΨ
Ĳʽ٣νǾٹڣ¶УֽһƬڡ
ֵĵۻӧ̫֮Ůʵغ͡
ɫ׽ƵƴЯͬɫ۵ֻ߹󡢶ׯŵ̤ź̨׻ϾƵ
վԵٹԴ˹һ£Ϊĺ׳ۡ¡ء
յķЩĴֻҷ׵ȹϣڷۺķ֣յ·ŽҫĹâ
ֻ΢΢ԵƴǣҲתĴһĨҸº͵Ц⡣
ԭǶһ⺺̨ףƴȴѡһͬϺ̨ףٹٵĳݺ͹ء
ٵһɸ߹ӺݵģȻʵȴ΢΢һϸܵĺˮĵ׷顣
ҪԼһ˶Դٹٸǰ߹ʱ򣬿µߵƴǸǰʱ˫ȶڷ
ƴߣЩ㣬ȴиߣԼ޾ηǰǵɽ𺣣̤ȥ
ƴǺֻ˵Ļ쳣ΨгƴǣƴһֻϵĸǾһ⾰ˡ
տʼʵĸƴǸǣţĸƴǵԱߣԽߵԽЩ֮ǻúöӾˣȥĴ󳼴к̨׵ʱǱıģеƴǺֻߵ
һ·СܵҪܵǰ棬ָƴǸ˻
ѲƴǣֻùԹԵĸƴߡ
治ӦôСƤƴЩҪŸһǰ߹ˣⲻٲȻƻֻһԧ콻úϵĻˡ
ֻƴǶߵĵૣɺЦЦ
ǹƴϣǺһԼĶӰɡ
ҹɫ٣Ѥõ̻ǧ꣬ĵ׺Ĳϣʤա
ƴǺֻ˵վڳ¥Ͽŵ̻ƴǿһǵʹƺů紺Ŀֻ
ΡѩòԼӳ͸Өе̻Ķ
һӿ
ʳｻַǷϵ̻ʱʱʳƧĵط
ʱʳǵȴǽţʮֵĽš
ǧΪ׵־⣬ֺ
ǻϲʺӣϼҼûյ뺯ͲڣҪϣҲҪȽշˣܽʥǧֳ纮ĳȻɽվ⣬ɭ˿档
ϼҼѮɢǳ߷緶С
ʼ㶼δϣ˽ϼڹ֮⣬ڲ򿪳ţǽʥͱ಻ˡ
˻ʳصأ֣ǧȴ̩ɽϼҼǰ˵š״ǰγеĵǽϸ뻮һϣֻǧһ£뷢ˡ
ѵǧհµĳΪӭȢԼİŮΪ󣬾ȻϺ涼ҪˣԼⶼϣ

529 Ҳϼҵ

529 Ҳϼҵ
ϼҼĻ˵꣬ǧ̳ϣݵúԣϼҼ֮Ů˳£ͼɻأϲ𴩣ֻǽϼһԼδּ飬ŹϼһϼҼȻҴϼһǰʳ£ѵ֪߳ܶôд𣿡
ǻϲʣϼҲ壬֤֤ڲȥϣͲҪӲˡϼҼһֱֻޱȵ˵ţһ˫ɫͫǾ˸֮⡣
䣬վϼҼİϼ˼ӺգֻϼҼһ£Ӳˡ
ڴʱյĹŴһ϶һ׵̴ҲةӸߴ˳
˫ţʱҪѪɺӵĻ棬ةȴǲŲæݵߵϼҼǰ΢֣̬ȴֲַĵϼҼѲµϼҼջʴ۷ʲôҪȽյķϼҼлȥȷϷԻϣ
֮ǻ֪ϼ岻ưոݣ϶ѡڷ죬ٹٵ£ƻ䡣
ϼҼةôһ˵һУаӿһ»׵ĺ룬ЦΪǹΪ֮϶飬ѵϾ͵ôʲôǲˣ֮ԽղѰк˭֤ݣ֤ǰȴŲ飬𣿼Ȼõó֤ݣ֤к˭ͶȻҪΪŮֻعС
ϼҼҲȫǻϵȲΥϼҼһУ˫ֻܱˡǵȵʱǻҲ˵ˣС̥ĺǻҲݹֻϲˡةº͵ģǻзͳȴһĲ
žǻִҪֻ飬лŻϵãƻ䣬ǻվɲϡ
ߡϲϣȫƾϵһ仰ΪԼŮֻعģȻˣǾ͹ֲˡ˵գϼҼһµĸ֣Ѿն𣬴˷
վڳǽùǺеļ
һʱ̻ţȴ˷ļꡣ
˻̻û
ڵ˺֪Ĺۿʢ̻𣬶ɱ쳣ҡ
ϼһʱôĸ֣Ȼ˼µ׼ŵ˰Ļ뾩ڣֻϼҼһȺ
ة˻ص˳ϣųһս֮ɫ漴̾һ
ʱһɫȫںҹ֮µߵةǰ̬ưĮųµĻս
һµһöʹзɳֺ뵽Ծϳ¥ĺ¸ֵϡ
ʱ¸ֵӰĳѸ׹ȥ
ةˣЩľ˵
ϼҼ治ҪǺӾǲƴǵģŮû𣿻Ů˵ʲôʲôЮԱļԵø庮
ةƬ̲˵ǶԷѾȫ׼
ŲóЩĶһ֮˹°ְ뿪ˡ
ǧǧʿųţϼҼҲбδϼһָǲ١
ϼҼ֣վ󣬲δֱǧ֣ǧҲѹսֻҪҿΧˣǰһ
˫սôһӲ̵ʱһϮɫѵĵݷȴڴʱ֣ɫյխϸȴֳȣʹ˽
ұӳŵ̻𣬸޻˵һΪˡ
ϼ˼ݷĳ֣һ£ȴûһ˸֡
ˣɷ֣ͣݷɱȺУԾǰˣֱ䵽ֵʿϡ
ۣϼ忴ݷͻȻ֣ɫѸٵһ䣬֮ʹм֡
ˣҽķ䣬ڲ֣ͣһһصţضѪϴһ塣ݷ𺡢˵
˫ӣһһϣ˵⣬Ȼȴһ
ۣѾųˣ̤һοҲһˣϼ仰ɫ˲ȥ
ҸѾ˵˺ܶˣҲϼҵˣҲϣݡҼȻ˵峤뿪ţҾܹ»ȥˣõݷһϼȴжݷӭ¹⣬Ŀɫаֺϼһ˫ĴȴһĨа˲Ļȡ

530 ߲ߣ

530 ߲ߣ
ϼ仰ϼ֣ͣǸΪˡݵˣ˵ǲԼ
Ҫе˸ᣬţɱˡ
׬ˡ
Ϊּ˵˼룬ŵ˲Ż˵Ŀ־塣
ۣΪôãΪãûбŵҵ𣿡һֹͣϼ͸Ϊĺǡ
ߣҸϾɱȴƫҪһ޹ֻ˵ŵܣʼҲҶѣѲ㻹Ϊһ¸ĹµĻ᣿ôҵʧ䣬ȴʱ˵ҵأݷаŴǣϼһ˫ķбϼ壬µ΢΢һưаȵӡ
ݷϵȻֻһͨòͨĳۣȻ̻ɢʱôķ˴ԼȻˡ
һѣ۽ǵһźɫɰµվǸǰһ㡣
㡭ϼݷһ仰˵ģһʱ䲻֪Ҫλش
ݷȻʲôȴ֮ˣȴҲһ˵㻰֮ˣҼȻѡ뿪ţͱ֤Ҳ̤һϼĶԹҲһʹҲ׷ⶼеߵģʾʺΪˣȻ;ǵյķ䣬ȻͲҪҲسŵػšݷɢ޽ǵ鷢һ޺ӣȻڵݷȴɱ
ۣ顭
ᵱ飬һᣬھɱǣݷ΢ƣﱻʱڸʲôȴȰҪʲôʸȰȰҶԹ̣ȰȥصºЦȪǴӦ𣿡
ۣϼ
߻ǲߣݷ㿴ϼʼնбߵģ۽ԼԼӳֳһĨ졣
Ƕݷ۽һӳֳһĨ죬ǾҪɱס
ϼݷֿһԴ־մ׺ݵ³һ仰ãϼеһԱӣǵ㻹ǳĻǾͱཫ峤
˵վʹһ뿪˻ʳ⡣
ݷϼ뿪֮ת۽ǵһĨȻʧұŵаҲתţǧ
һԲˡ
յ̻ϡ㣬վڳ¥Ͽ̻ҲĻ˹
ǧһϮɫƳĬĬߵƴԡ
ںֻ˵Цƴǣǧһۣѹ˵ɣ
ǡǧ֮ȥ
ֻͷβͲ֪ʳⷢʲô飬ԾɻڸղѤõ̻УЩ̻㶼˸԰ɣ
ŵ̻ͼԿǾƹġ
ǰƴֻҸЦЦ˵š
ÿΪ׼һҶʮֵĻϲô̵ʱ䣬ƴȴܽⳡ׼ôܵϸϣǰϲġ
ϲȽڣƴѾ̶ˡ
ΨһϡûпżµӣƴֻЩС֣ǵ˵š
ûϵпˣԼһɴ˸㿴ֻǲΪ⣬ŮĻ룬ƴѾˡ
ûʲôźˡ
ãƴӦڣҩ찡
㼱ʲôֲרҵķװʦֻֻƴӼȲ뿴Цһ䣬ٿ̧Ө͸ӳƴŵųֵò
ʵҸ˵ģҲԼûкӣЩ飬ôǿģҪһľͺáϲӣңϸ겻ǻ𣿡ֻ˼ϸ˫̥ãĺȻмġ
̲סįˣӳֻ͸鶯⣬ƴǴȤš
˵ʲôأֻƴǲԼ飬ֱӴƴǵгԼ֡
ƴֻֻһĻЦԶˣڸ˵ʲôûˣЩҪôһʼͲһ˾Ҫס
ϸǻ˺ӣǺֲҵģ뿴ӳ죡ƴһ仰˵ļΪ顢á
ͺһȴ顣
аɣҲҪ̫ѹˣһԵֻƴǻѹѣѹȻӰ飬鲻ǾӵҲ϶
ƴֻЦЦֻѹֻҪߣҾûʲôںġ

531 ƴǻԼõ

531 ƴǻԼõ
ֻƴһĵ񣺡ˣŮһǲ׳ģ˳Ϊ顢ģŮ˳Ϊˡ
ŮҪľһˣֻҪ㣬ʵŮ˶ԸܿģǰᰡҪŮ˿ϣ
ףֻ̧Ө׵ߣֻҪûбǲ뿪ģϳһ㣬ҵҲᣬ㣬϶һ޶޿ġ
ƴֻһĸףīĺů⣬ĵһδ㣬һֱů˹
Ҷ㣬Ҳҵ˼ƴ૵˵һζ
ǵȻ֮Ӧ໥£໥⣬໥ͨҲҪԷһ˵Ŀռ䡣ǰֻƴǱ¶Լ⣬ϲòˣҲԸ˵ڡ
ΪȽ˽ϣƴǰһƴΪ
Ϊ˾һˣûϹ֮ǰʮֵģһϹˣͲôˡ
šƴǵ˵ͷֻһԷ޼ദоһ㡣
´ֲˣҽͽҲڣϯɢˣ˺úþһۣ
ֲֻƴƺЩ
ǣˣƴҲЦŸĿڡ
־߽˵ڣŵĵҹɫɢŵ㣬Ƣ
ʵɫ£ݷ̧ͷժһ֧ɫСĹ𻨣ǰһ£ɢīü繳Ķˣ۽ǵһɰ룬֣Ȼ󡢴Լޱȡ
˵Ҫҹ𻨸ԵģΪû
˵ҪһܽģΪ뿪ˡ
˵ÿһ仰Ҷˣ޵ȴȫһջϲ
ֻ˺ܶľƣòʡ£һֱڶĵѹ
ʱƴҪô鷿Ҫôȥ˾
ԡֻỽһ̫Ѩ
ÿ˽һѾ
šֻһע⵽һֹӡ
ôˣֻʵ
ʽִƺ󹬵ĵڶ죬òΪˣʲô°ɣ
Ժֺ͹ʺ밲ʺﻹ˯ûѣϾڹ밲Խ˵һ顣
ЩһΪʺЩ̫͹ˣֻĬĬ̾һΪʹŮˣһѵˣܣȥܣΪΡ
ôأʺȻ֮Ҳ岻ʵʱ岻ȻҪϢˣЩһ䣡˵ţٲȻһлҪ˵ӡ
ˣʲôֱһ˵꣬µġɵѾͷʵڲϷҲǲ֪ҪôԼϵı顣
ҧҧ˵ŵһλʲôСˣһȥˣԭǲū˵ģūôܻܲʺ˵أ
ϰµģС֮ǰȡԼˣһϣȻûʲôµġ
ֻ仰ǾλСҲ̫ô˰ɣȻڷĵڶȲˡ
ѵҧ˵еĺƴǵĲɣ
ǺӶûʲô۶ӣ뿴
Ѿ䶨ˣ
ܹʺλã
ڶˣƴǻûֻһѾʵ
֪ҡҡͷ
ǷȥŰɣֻ˵
ʺ㲻ȥ𣿡ȴǾȵ
ֻȴǵһЦƴܴõ飬ΪʲôҪȥѵȥ𣿡
˵ֻʹӴһſɵĳȹ˾ԣĻ͸¶һŮ̬·Խˡ
ˣһӦҪС㻭ģȥ֣ҪҽûʲôĻҾ͸С㻭ֻױǰԼ崿ȴԼ͸ųζϸĲ£ļϣĻӡżݡݮӡΪ˸һȻ
ƴǳԲҲֻķʽˡ
ϣĲǵȥԪڵ𣿵ʱһСͤкžƣԭǲȥŻϵģǼһǺƾƣʵڲģŹȥ˵ǻˣòᣬҵ˻С㡭šϣʹǸһ

532 Ҫʲô

532  Ҫʲô
һڿߴϼߣԽԵ˵
⼸˸һȦʹԭӨ°Խϸ
һ˫΢΢źףÿն֮С
һȥʵ
ƴ߬һյĵ޳ָһ񣬵ķŹ
Ĵһ꿪ŨɫĽ誣׷׵ɫϣżһīϣӳ续Ĳգϵÿһ缡ÿһǶȶ͸¶ջ󣬵ĴǣȴȴаФ롣
˵µĻͲˡ˵ƴǾվһվڱѹƱҲͱһʹ֮Խ
ϣĺİ֮ǰǺһҺ֮ȴûǰܹصŲҾͷһУĻϲԭҪдŸ߻ģǴ˵ҶеĺӿܱסƴվҲһܵվҭ˵š
ϣһֱжأȻӰĽҵĺȴǴжصģҲҸˣҶеûˣΪƭ㣬Ҿұס֮ڸҲ٣ǡһᣬҧûѪɫ˫Ϊʹ
Ļ˵ȥһ㡣
ԵϼӹһߣϣΪ˱סĺӣ˸ְ취Уÿ춼Ҫʮҩ˭֪ЯصĺӣȴһѪǷʳĸ壬ȴǼҪסеĺӣźܹƽ֪ǸʱеҪڻҪݣȫ¾ֻһǹĵģݵƤͷ֪ȥĻеĺӿ϶Ҫҩм˺컨
ϼ˵꣬˫ʵĿļסĲš
ƴޱţվǣûҪ˼󶨶嵭ȴҲĮңΪϲңң
ϣô룿ƴ仰̧Ǳˮʪ̣𾪵Ŀƴǡ
ǰһֱףԼΪʲôôϲе˼ǣĵزˣֻǲϲŮ˲ŶѣҲֻޣһ뿪ޣƴǵĮ
ϡҶлŵĺģûƭ㣡ɤֿ˵ţѪ
ϣ˵Ƿ̫ˣϼҼȥˣһӣʵΪһˣһҵľҪô𣿡
ʲôҪģƴѿ͸Ĵһһš
еĺģΪȡԼѵϲҪΪһ׮׮һ鸺𣿡ϼҼӲһ
ƴ乴Цһ£ǸӲ޵ģô֤޵ģȰǲҪ˷ʱˡ
ǧͿͣƴ
ǧ±һžװ˽
ϣҲҪʲôҲҪ㸺ʲôΣֻ֪һȷʵĺӣһЩʱҲԼԼϲ⣬ֻҪ֪Ǻӵĸף֤֮ߣϵˮݱøļᶨƺӯӯˮ͸¶һɾǿ;
ء޲кӵģǸҲǲΪƴһ⣬ǳ˵ģȴһĮȻվǰ޳˸Ķ͡վ˹ųɽأȵ˿͸Ҳ²͸
ϣ㲻ǵȥԪڵˣԲԣ㲻ǲǣƴǵ¾ǰƮ͵תѾżƴǸĺ
ǸѾˣвѾνˣǸӻţ㻹˵Ļ㲻ͺһΪͻС֮ϰ㲻ͺ»СΪһε뿪𣿡壬ǱȴǼΪǿѪš
ƴֻ΢΢ͣһ£ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ǱѸٳһ㣬ΪҶֲŵĵεϡ
յķЮŵĹ㴵쳣Ĵ̹ǡ
ϼҼϵ֣߬һ˫ӥĺ𺡢ɲ
䣬ƬķҶӴƮֻ滭õľֽϡ

533 ϽЪϢ

533 ϽЪϢ
ùһѼϵоһ漴ֽϺ̬͸ˡ
ʺ㻭ʲôﰡūôûмеӣôǻɫģΪʲôôһģһģԺǺţֻĻǺ档
ʹ˲ټʶˣ฻ûʵĻΨС㻭ĻȴƤɰġ
ϲ
Ͳ˰ɣֻЦĽЩ۵еĻһһ۵֮󣬾ͿٵķԭһžֹĻ澹ȻͺһÿɰĶڷǰܶһ㣬۾̬µĲͺֽϵĶɱǰһ
ۡú氡ūҲҪ档Կ۾ģһϲ
ȥɣֻ˵ţͽ۵Ķø˲ԡ
ôһ򵥵ĶȴܹûϵСﶯʵ̫ˣ⻭ϵС·Ҫӻ߳һ㡣
ллʺԺǸ˵õһš
һҲŻ˲ʮѣҪҪһҪϰٷ
ʮ͵ˡ
ʺˡֻ߽
šֻһɫӦһ
ƴǱߵ飬ʼնûпһ䣬ֻ֮ԡ꣬ϣϸһ㱡ż¼ǰŮ·ʱҪδ˹ÿʱҪʹ͵ȵһϵбȽ顣
οյĽ񴰰뿪ţԱߵ˫ϸƿбŽողժĹ𻨣޵㣬ӱϢƮΪšƢ
ֻһЩȥˣȴӼȥ
𿴻ʺĸ£ϵ٣ҪȴǷǳġ
ʺ󼸵𴲣ţϰ֡Ů죬д
͸ѧһ涨ĺúõģҲֻеʱеɵʱ䡣
Ȼƴȴûֺ͹ָ
ֻֿһٴ̧⣬漴Ͱеİ߷ŵһߣЦЦƴǲվǾȥˣĬĬĵţκ鶼ˡ
ʺūһЪϢǱ߻һѵδģǾͲ˯ˡ߽ϵֻ˵
˵꣬һС̫ͽһݸ˹֡
ҲڸտʼƴǻصʱǼ죬ƴȷʵÿζæǾǺƴȴҲᵽδ빬Ъһʱ֮ڶټȥ糯
Ȱô˾ͲҪˣֱЪĵھǡ
ƴŲÿɷ񣬵ÿȴǻδ빬
չֱ˵ϲ˯ˡ
⹫֪ˣû϶עϢֻһȴԴżֲȻЦ嵭˵һ䡣
ֻû׷ʣһ˸˳ȥˡ
ǰϾæδ빬ģôͲ˯ˣһԿøżΪֻ⹫һЩģȴʲôʡ
˵ľ޵ġֻϵĽš
ʺôô˵أһǸʲôСйأԾɵٱȴҲܹС϶߲ơ
йΣ޹ΣֻͣеĶһ˫ӣЦһ£Ͻԭ򣬲ʲôԭΪʺģܲܵ鷿ȥʰɣǱʲôˣ֮ȻҪ֮Ķ̩ɽǰɫĳš
Щ壬Ҳ̫ˣ԰ɣֻ˵־ͽеݸ˲ԣվͳȥ
ȥֻ˵Ļʵƴǣϣʺ֮⣬ûر˵ʲôūţʺϵҲûжٱ仯
飬֪𣿡ƴеǺЦʵ
֪ģֻǻʺʲôû˵ҲʲôûʡȥǰѾҪθʺˣʺȴʲôûʡ
δ빬ڵϨ𣿡ƴǷһеľֽʵ
ūŸ߳δ빬ûãδ빬Ϩˡ͸ƴǵ˼˲Ҷһ䡣
ȥɣƴȴǵһЦǵĻȵЩԳ
ȥ֮ǧ˽ƴһֱеעһһһĿǰûд뿪Ĵ㡣
šƴǵһδ̧ǲ׾ô뿪ġ

534 عĹŮ

534 عĹŮ
һתʵݷأ
ݷһֱδ뿪ԼסԺӣǧشѾ¶ݷ㣬ݷǷ˽ºһʲôӴ
鲻ݷΧ𣿡ƴƿļˮ״ţѲΪݷϼҼǰϷ
²ôΪֻݷķӦݷ˵ĻЩìܣҪǧûڸܹˣᷢʲôǾΪݷһڸܵƵ˺ƭҲ͸һЩܡ
˵ƴǵЩ档
ڿ˵ֻϣʺҸѻʺﵱ˿ĽԻʺǷݸĵף˵ĻӦòֱ뿪Ҵȥμӷᡣ
İһˣҲľˣ뿴Ҹӵġ
ݷûУ뿴һڻرܡ
û¶һ˿ҪȥĴ㡣
ϵ̻û̧ͷһۡ
Ҳݷ㲻ʲôɣƴǵĵΪݷ˵һλÿ˶Դǲһġ
ģ̌һƴǣýյƴЩ֣ȴҲû˵ʲô
ڸˣ»
ǧߺƴҲû˼ڿеˣվʱʱľͳ⿴һۣվţôôòԾ
ǵŻʺ
Ȼûƴߴ̫ãȲòǰ飬ܹƴǵһ˼ǰȴȵġ
ھ岻֮¶˾ģԵСȥһδ빬
ջϽһ˺ġ롱˻ʹҲѹûʲô£ǻȴǲκȥδ빬Ǳߵˡ
һⲻȥδ빬ЪϢϷ룬۵˶óҪʺķӦ
ڵδ빬ѾŽգСһиŮŸ򿪡
ʺ˯𣿡Сδ빬ĵƶϨˣϵİ˽յˡ
ʲô°ҹĲ˾߹ʵ
زԹĻ鷿æۣ˼ȴǲܹƼˣⲻԸСδ빬һˣǻʺĥϷַǣմáСӵǰ̷ˣǻ˵Եʮίˡ
ˣҲԼЩĻˣҲ֪⹬Ϊʲôϲѻ˵
ֱ˵£αôһȦ
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˵ԼϲŮǰֵľͻǺӡ
ŪһҪʲôӦͲΪ˳ԴסźãȻڰԵܲõĽ§ڻš
߰ɡֻƿ˴
£һױվֻȲԸ˻ȴŵѣȴŲϵ·Ĺ˫
鷿ҵȣǵȲСӻϢ
ⲻܻʺôǡ
ۿ鷿ƴѾԵ¶һ˿ˣüмūſΪΣѡ
ƫҪԼڿӣʺȴֱӿȥˣҪ˵ȥδ빬ԸԸ
ܵûи̨°ɡ
ӣôȥôãʺأĿǰǰСӸˣȴûƼʺӰ
ֱһƾʹСӵԴϡ
СűʹԴΪԩ޹ȻԱһˣָһŵɫװعĹŮĵǻʺ
ȫʺﲻͬòĹŮ۲ţӣϹ˵ʲôأ
Īǻʺ˸Ů
ܹܣͱΪСˡֻǶеϸɤһټϸ˺ڻʲô
ϣʺôˣūŶϲˡ
ϻ𣿡ֻ鷿ĵķ˷ߵ鷢
ڣڿν˼ūŶҽȥǵò⣬͵Դѻʺˡ϶Цæֻӭ˹ȥ
Ǳȥ衣ֻ˵ҫĹ⻪
׼²裬͵ֻС
ֻȥʶȤĽŸˣȻ˾ĬĬ⡣
յӲ࣬տʼƴǴĻͦģԽǵδӾֻʣǵˣɾͿʼ

535 ôϳҵģ

535 ôϳҵģ
ҲӣûǸ˼ȥˣЩ˵Ҳʲô¡
ΨͷǼ²߲Ĵ£ȥߵĲյȴֲյĲѾˡ
֣һƸƸõĹŮ˽йŲ裬ЩСĺ͵ӵǰ
Ȼ˵ԼԭһڳûڽӶɺ󹬣ȴǻˡ
һƴѾϰˡ
μŮϸϸ߽Ȼ˵˿ⰲŵġ
Źµ˾ôȲȢˡ
ƴƤû̧һ£ĲԵúǵĮ
ֻ֪Լˣƴһ۾ܹϳʴϵһЩֽţǰ˼ţӿһЩļ·ƣͿڰ֣С鲽
ֻѧŹŮĹߵƴǸǰ׼²ʸƴǣ۽һȻһᣬŵ²ҲСġ䵽ƴƵϡ
ū澲ǹģˡֻ⽿ɤǻŵ˵š
ҪȵĲ裬¶ȶƿصøոպõģƴϵĲˮֻ̣ǽƴϸ߹۸Ūʪ˶ѡ
ȥɣƴһǣ̫ʦվûֻȥñŪʪۣ෴½Ƕûֻ
ƴǶѾ֪СЩ޹ĹŮ˶ٴβˮˡ
ķӦΪƽ䵭
ֻƴⷴӦҲ֪֮ǰкö๬Ůùˡ
ôأһʱҲ벻õİ취
Ǿ̧ͷعݣֺµƴǣһ˫͸ŵ۵ӣʪǣлϡ
ƴǴֻɨһۣλŮòϳˣȴ˿ƴǵȤ⹬Ů󵨵һҸֱӳۡ
װչԼһ档
ֻˣδ̫ϧˣ漴һɲǾ͹⽫ǵһ۸Ūڵء
Ȼֱߵȹӣգһ˫޹аƴǣϣū澲ǹġ
ƴǿֻһƺ£ŪΡɰģĺڳҹһѷذһ㣬ֱ˵ѡ
ƴ˫ͻһ
ЩԼмɫ͹òŮˡ
ϣūĲǹģū澰ɣֻһ߻ҵ˵ţһ߾Ȼͼǰסƴǵ͡
ģٲȻһ桢֪ŮΪ龹ȻȥסԷͣš
һֻȥ־ͱƴס漴һŤֻʹĽг
Ȼһ룬ƴȴǽֻק˻У󣬴һĨζЦ⣬ȵϢµֻϣʲô
һٰʮȵתЩֻǽž뵽ֻһܣǾƴǰϳˡ
Ͼƴ˽ˡ
ϲ¡ƴ˳Ϸȥȴǲˡ
޲лƴֻĶ˵ţ漴ͽֻ˻Уһֺֻľͳֻȥ
ţ𣿡ֻ˺ܶ㣬ȻƴǴֵĸоͲôᡣˡ
ϣ޳ܣֻƴ˵ֱӣһ¾ͽƴֵֻƿ
ô޳ܣ𣿡ƴǼֻ˵ŻûŪ㣿
ֻ֡ƴûаֱӽϣֶֻʮֵĲ֣嵭Ϣֱֻϸ۲Ϊĳȡ
ֻ۵ļǱչһ㣬κһƬ
ݷĲ˿ߣǱĺܡƴֻ˼ӡûζһû¶֮󣬾ȥѰֻʪ˫
˼֮󣬷˫ҲǼٵģûǰ࣬ƴǾֻýԴֻľǰϵ㡣
ôϳҵģ
˲֪ٴˡƴǻЩ˵š
ҪǲȥͣǲǾϲˡ
ӦðɣʱһΪλŮģ˺·ȴû㣡ƴǵ֮ǻϲãɺ˸Ľһ㣬
ʹкܶģҵ˰ֻҲ˵һЩģױݺʹš
㲻֪ȫܵҵƤ»˰ɣƴεЦţʺ󵱵ɡ
תĶ⿪žͲ𣿡ƴֻתϲֻԼ塣

536 

536 
ֻǽظˣҪ⿪Ҫȫ⿪С
ȥͽ⡣ֻ૵˵һ䣬ͽƴǽԼ½ָÿˡ
æôͦеİֻƴǵϣĿԡ
ôˣƴĻЦ۲תǲ˿˿
㲻ҪֻһۣҪǲ룬ھߣûȥڳԸҹ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôƴװõ˵ͷֻĶͷϣΪܡ
ֻ£ƴƺǿġ
ֱȥδ빬Ҳ𣿺αһһĵأֻƴǵЦ
ÿݷȥδ빬ʲôʱȥģʲôʱߵģҶ˽ģ㣬ûûεŮˣҶ͸¶ˣһδ빬ﶼûж˽Ϣ͸¶δ빬ȴⲻ͸¶մĽҪʲôӦٵˣȴδ빬ƽȣȫûϢ˼
ֻһƣȥ˵ȥЪϢˣҪ֪ͷһ
ҪǻŮˣôҲҪ˰ɣԼȴҲҪòһ°ɡ
ǲŲʸûһ
İǿ﾿ûλá
ֻЩС⣬һԦеСģ˵ָȥƴǷ͵գҸ˵˾ǲܹߣҶ˵һøı׻β;ˣʼˣ̽ˣҪ֪㾿жҪԴġ
ʲôҵģѵ뿴ΪҽţΪҳԴ׵Ӷ𣿡ƴȴǶֻﻰ
ƴǣ⻰˵ˣڿȢѸµĻʺ֮ûʲôźͳԴһ˵ΪѾҵˣʱǻûʽȷϵǰԣ˵һ¾֮ǰδͻȻˣҲû˿η塣
ֻЦĿƴǣһŶֽģ
һģһʲô£ƴǿֻ⽾Ȼӣͺɷ£һκ˶޷ıһ㡣
Ҫһģһ棬ֻ˵ҲϲˣѾƲκεĲȻģҲȻ棬Ҳ֪ʲôҲӵҵɷҾҵɷܹܺõİƽ£κεľţҪľֻǾĵɷ½֮ڸһ㱨һ£ֻعϣд鶯ͽԹźǡ
ƴֻĻ΢ůļǷ˿˿Ȫˮֱ˺
һ£ƴȴ˫һεʵᷢʲô⣿
֮ûһĹϵʲôµģΨһµǣ˻вѣֻյƴǵĶߣů͵ϢֱƴǵĶУģȴôᡢ繡
Ҿ鷢ġƴʵߣ쳣ļᶨ
ֻһЦһ£Ȼ٬һüǲǸøŴ˻㱨һ£أ
ƺʲô鷳ˣȻϼҼôԳ棬ҽҵѾȫˣֻһиоĿǰΪֹҲûȴҧµ̥ҵġƴ貵ĺӳֻ鶯˵ݣ˵š
Ȼȴ͸һĨ庮ֱëȻ
ǰɣôôһʼӡͦģô㣬һˣ˭֪һȫװģ˵ĲҪĺͱϿôõĻôϲƴǣҲܺƴһġ
ЩҪԵģԵ¡
ű˶Լϲȥ˺һ޹ˡ
Ȼϧ̫̫ﲻһ̫ˣݷ㶼ƭôã˵Ķλһĸߡ
ƴֻ漴ڣ˵տʼҵĸоǶׯţȫЩ黭дĴҹ㡢ŹŮһһʳڣҸտʼҲúһһ𣬼˵ж࿪ģȴ϶ʣ˭֪ϾȻôܡ
ЩŮ˵˼һۿȥܲ͸ȴǾαװ㿴͸
ֻƴǶôߵۣ⣬ȴǹζһƴǣǼȻܰԼαװôãĻҲ϶²ôɵĶôô򵥰ɣ

537 ô

537 ô
ǣȻбġƴǵͷкЦ⣬뵽˵飬ٿر
óľѾϰʷȻĹݶյ˽ҲֻƤëһ֮ǰΪ˲ʹԼűÿ궼еѧϰĹµĶ̬µĻͼǳЩ꣬еǻϲ뿪ŵġ
˵ٲȻǰԼɽ磬ĹΪ˽磬Ǻܲм˽ġ
ǣ֣ǧҵʮУĹӣЩҲûţѡҪ޸ң֪Ҳ£ȴҧŶе̥ҵģһйأһʲô鷳ҪĹİ
ԲŻҪ
ô˵ο϶бģ֮أҪǹ⿿ô˵ԼƴŶôôİ飬ǿ϶ǲеġ
ΨһܹµĲǸҪǺӲҵģһжûκ飬Ҳ֪ʲôΪʲôͱأȫԻһ˵ġ
һֻġ
ǶеĺӶûл£ֻЩ㲻ˣֲִִһЩƼȥǻΪڲִ֪ƴ޷ԲŸô޿ֵĵı԰ɡ
Ҳ´ԼҲó̥ʱһЩ֤ߵһε־Ȼ֤ˣбҪĻܻ˵̥ĵط֮һжʱ߿ˣ٣˵ܼ򵥡ƴǺӵ˵š
׼ôãȻ׼һḻ̨ͱľ顣
ôû
Ȼ֪ǼٵģαȥƴǲΪ˵ţҿΪȻֻܹһиоһŮܹΪӣأ
԰ֻ뵽һܹؼ飺ദ𣿡
ҪиӣܵиܵĻᰡ
ƴǿֻ˰ŵȥԪҺ㣬ر㣬ȫڵһʱĻ޷԰Σ˭ǷڽԺҪһˣҺˡ
ҲֲΣʵ֮ȫˣƴ˵ɽ֣췢ʲô飬û˵
ҺˣҲܽ˵㣬ҲǲܶԱиоǲñ˻ҵĺˣƴΪᶨ˵ţĻҸŽĻȻΪʲô㶼ûлҵĺأ
ֻƴǵĻʵӿѧĽǶ˵మûκһȴôҲϺӵİҲǴڵġ
˵ѪڣӺ޷Ρ
ֻҪһֿһˣӡ
ôǲңƴǿֻĬˣԾⲻɿٵһĨصİ⡣
ûУ룬ǲҲпأֻţȻҲƴǵģܹȵƬˣ϶Ѿȵòʡˣȥ顣
νľƺԣǱ˼ֻǽžƵŸұ¶ѡ
ں˵ʲôƴֻȻԼҲⷽĵǣֻ߬С֣Ļôܻϲⷽȥ롣
ǣû⣬Թҽȷʵܹϳƴ˵Ѫݰ
ʱúõģ
ͷֻҲֻһҲǳһְҵϰ߶ѣϾΪһпҽֵ̫İˣ⵽ԼˣͲ⿪ʼ˼ˡ
ЩҲǼѣ˵ļǼģ˵ˣֻҪమûкΣ
ѵһռĿΪ
Ҳ˵˵ҪǾĻǱ߿϶ưոݰɣֻ˻
Ȼˡƴǵ˵ͷʲôֻҪǸڳ֣Ҿ;Źǡ
ＫΪ
һ˲ºһ㣬һ쳣ɭĸо
УҾ͹ԹԵĴڻʹ鷳ֻǹɵ˵š
ɫˣȥ˯ɣƴٴεʹеĺɭתͱ繴档
ֻƴеɫһƬĵĲ࣬ɿھǳҩģǧҪ嶯

538 ݷ

538 ݷ
⣬ܻܲ˰ɣƴǵһǺǿģ㵽԰δҲܹͣ
Ҳ˵һˣ
ԴֻǱȽϰĵģǱ
㻹ңֻҪƴǾ°ֻ¥˻УϵĵȻʹƴǵĽأѲ֪վ˶õˡ
ְҩѾˣֻѸٵľҪӿЩ£ƴǻ᲻һʱ̲סֱжҩһԧ콻֮¿ʼԡ
֪ƴǿֻһȴĵӣɻЦš
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ƴǵʹͷİֻͷ鷢ŪǼ㡣
տտȴһ˿͸²ŵȻֻ񣬸ϧƺһһ붼
ԴһǷһɫƿǰȥڵźϺˡ
ȴѺ˹⣬͵ŻϵĴˡ
˯̫һʱ˯ʱۿʱһһĹȥˣһš
Ŵƴǵ
Թ㣬úϢ˯ͷ˰ɣֻ˯գ˯⣬ۿ糯Ҫʼˡ
Ҳ˴һ·ƴǸ¡
ڼ˵ַ£ƴ빬ǰǵϳ
ֻϻ⣬Ȼ˹Ƿȥ˯ˡ
ԣ죬ǻϵľ飬ȥȥղŴæδ˯ѵԴЩã̫нӹȥ֮ԭŹƴϵģת۾͸ϸˡ
ʥͳ߲õĻ׷ȥ
ڿ԰ʱ򽫶ʥ͹ȥˡ
Իصδ빬֮źֻ𴲡ţȥ֡ùõߵݣһһ֮
ֻͲЪһһĨеĶȴ˸ա
ū澰͸ҵǸŪˡϲҲʱʱóģԾһֱԼղȥȻûˡ
ȥʥʱ򣬲СܵˣūھȥҡԺż
Ҳˣҵÿˣҽ㻭ǡֻ⣬ڴ߿һķҶȿڲ裬Ъ˿֮󣬼ֽ̯ʽĸݷ㻭
ȥǰ·ػת˼ΣҲ˹ɨĹŮ̫Ҳ˵û
һʧ䣬ԼģôͲأ
˵ڻȥҡ
С磬ˣԴͷɥ߻ȥʱ򣬾ͿǰһĨϤӰ
ݷͣתͷǲԣһЦµĳһ㣺ԣСڲδ빬𣿡
ڰݷĨ³ЦݣĲʧҲɢˡ
һ£С㶼ûδ빬ͳһ¾εĻᣬûˡݷ㲢ţݷЩϧ
û£ֲԺСˡݷȴǲ⡣
С磬Ժ󲻻뿪ʹ˰ɣʵ峿ķ紵ڲԵϣЩ⣬ȻϵЦȴǺܲãִһЩߡ
ӦòᣬǴСҪ뿪ȻҲ뿪ݷ˵꣬ͣ½Ų˲һֺۣȻղԽ֯ǰֺ֣ܿɿˣЩʱǵöഩЩ·ϻͦģǵʱˣȾСͲˡ
ţ֪ġĿڵúܿ죬ֻɫάƽ
Сֻǹû˼ȴΪ˼¶ˡ
Сϲ˲ҲСʲôȴôҲƲסĶĸо
ֻջݷˣվȥӭ
һ¶ڸʲôֻжּҳţǼԼһûһ㡣
ھ䣬ѰЩóԵģġݷԾͷһ衣
ݷʾлĳ΢΢Цһ¡
ôûֻŲϵɫɾ˵ɫ϶࿴˼ۡ
˰ɡ˶ţܾòȥӱߣŸԸƣΪСףˡݷ룬ҡҡͷ
ȻͱϷĴóһƵֻǰµߣ͵µĺˡ
ֻȻˣҲûȥֱӾòˡ
С㣬֮ǰǸȻԺòˣҪôͲغˣҪôͻ˰ɣ⳯òˣȻݷյֻǰС˵š

539 ²鵽

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ֻ룬ȻʵϼҵŮСôˣ
һֱڲţС鵽ϼȥȻָľǧ
ǰʱҪ֣Сˣӹƿ϶ȥֻǴ㲻ȥˣǾԼʲô©ĵطǧѭźۼҹ
ʱӦòᱻ֣Ͼһ¶ڹᷢʲôԺ˵ˡݷ룬ɫص˵š
ʵ֪ǳ飬Ҳ鵽ҵȻǧ϶һƭĸо
ϼǱߣҴˣֻҪ飬ȥСĻͻá˵ݷ㵹ЩС㣬Щ춼ദģӡӦṵ́ɣȻʱС㲻֣Ҳ׷ȥ
ܺôദǿѡֻΪ⣺Ҫ˱Ƚ϶ɣҲʮֽ˵ͻȻ֣ĪĲͻȻʧˣ϶ỳʲôҪ鲻Ҫǧ鵽ҵϾС
ݷֻĻʵҲѣֻҪ֪ϼСУ֮ϼСһֱԴ𣬲Ҳ
ǺܲǾ֮ǰĴһĲ˿ߣҲ֪ǧûС
ŵ⣬ҿɲ͵ںܳһʱҿܶˡֻʵʵ˵ţŲƴ鷳ʵʵڻʹǵġ
ݷұĵаأҰһ١
šֻ˵ͷһڲ裺ˣҪǸҲŸտʼƻҪһЩʱ䣬ܻá
û£СҼ͹ˣôģҾ;ú棬ֵĵʱóԼġŴСĻȥǱ˿ˣҲ˵Լģûϲʲôᡣ
ݷһΪƴǺֻӡ
Уòø㡣ֻݷ㴦ƴǣ̺˫Цһ£ˡ
ݷ⿴ֻбŹ𻨵Ļƿ˵ôһһ޵Ĺ㣬ԭǴСƿ˹𻨣ÿ
ӳֻŴеһľҷϮˡ
ÿնժʵĻڻƿ𻨷Ҳȷʵͦŵġ䲻ÿζȴǺŵġ
Ļһͼֵˡ
ݷһֻǼ뿪ˡ
Ȼ𵱳ˣ𵱳Ҫ𻨸Ե飬Ҳ벻зԣ˵ǸͶġ
벻ֻǲˣĳѡ
ūȥң϶ŵģǡ÷ˡԼʺ»һݷ㣬͸ҪǸһ˵žֳȥˡ
ѾͷֻŲȥӰǿһ˿ߣȴҲû˵
ǧ㿴ɲɰǧտ߽褾һ˵еǧȥ
ǧһۣ⻭ϵĻĲ֪ʲôǷһǻʺﻭġ
ģǧͣ½ŲʵϺжܹ
紵ȥˣƼˣˡҲǾ⸱װĻܿɰ棺ְͬĻΪʲôҪô鰡Żͦõİ
ҡǧž֡
Ҽ񵽵ġΪǧҪȻֻһȴȤġ
ӦǻʺﻭģСŪˡǧž褵
ʺﻭİȥϣֻҪǻʺĶϿ϶ϲ褼ȴôȥϿˡ
˵ܣҲһĳԻʺ֣֮ġʺĻ͹ȥҪ¶ˡǧֱִӾ褵˹ȥ
ϿһȫɫĶèӣβͻ״ģ̶̵ֻ֣ʵڲ֪ʲô
ֻֻǻʺпյ
ûУˣȥδ빬ʡ
ǧ˼֮󣬷ȻһģֽŵλȴиĶģҲ֪ʲôԢ⡣
ʱһιǧϵĻһŹηԭ̬ͼһ¾ͱ˶
ˣСﾹȻˣ˼Ҳչƣ棬ԭһµĻһҪſС
ǧҲһƬҲֻлʺŻôɵ˼ˡ
Ȼǻʺﻭˡ
һ֮ͣ󣬾褾ȲĴǧùҪԼ棬ǧȴûֵ˼

540 

540 
ֽűͱ˶֮ˣϵǲ˵
һͱ˺룬ֻʣеֽŻõġ
ǧ;˸Կ˶Էһۡ
ôżʲôǧϵĻСĲѾһѺۡ
ô죿褿˺ֽš
ҵĻԱ߱ңҲӳ˹ǿǧȻֿеĻ
ǧ磬˺ҵĻԿǧб˺Ļ̾һܵĿǧ
⻭ģǧǰĲԡ
ǻʺҵģҲСĸŪˡԴǧù˺Ļܵ˵ţȻǧȴֲҷƢֻһ˫üͷŽš
Ҫ취ճһԵľ˵
ôճǺö˶˵˺ҵĻ㲻֪ʺﻭöࡣԵɤӴ˿ǻᶼҪˡ
Բ𰡣Թǲǹģ褿һԱߵǧæԵǸ
¸㻭һɣĻһһģһģǧһƬ䣬Ƭ̣˵
ۿŲỨƣȴֲҶǷ
ǧửһǺʵ
滭һģһĻܻġǻ滭Ĺס
СʱӣѧʲôҲѧʲôȻҲǻġ
һʺĻȽϼ򵥣ҪҲûʲôѶȡ
ģԻЩš
ȰЩңġø㡣ǧ䵭ģûʲô顣
ʺһЩɲһĻЩǻᶯֽŵȴǳ
֪֮ҡǧԲŵܼᶨ
Ȼ˵ʺ˵»һǻʺôæô˼ûʺء
ڲߺ󣬾褾ִյǧǰʺĻȻ򵥣ȴʤ˼ɣϸ겻ǿҪȥ£¶໭ӿġ
ǧƳһ۾褣ŵ֮ͳ鷿ķȥ
ΪҪʱעǱߵĶǧһ̶ܵǧҲһֱڹڡ
ְ֮󣬲ŻصסóͱǸ˺Ļġ
ţţǧȴӰ
֮ͣ±ʣͷùһӰĻ£ϸϸĽԱš
Ȼǳͬһ֮󣬵ǽ⻭˵Ĺ˼ȴͬġ
ȻܹġֻĻֻҪе滭׵ҲġʺĻȫԸһ˼еĶﶼ˻
⾿ֻǼ򵥵ɺϣǡʲôϵ
ټƣ룬ǧſžЩ͵˯˹ȥ
ϣҡӰյúϲ죬Ժ÷ɢ㣬һԼ˵ٸһɫ޷޶ׯ˳
šһڿף˸ߴ࣬ǻһ㣬޶Ϻᡣ
谲ˮȽȥϴɡŮߵ˸ǰΪȥϵĺɫףĨСӰվڸߴ谲ǰԵúǽС硣
ţ̶㲻æˣ䣬ȥ˯ŰɣԼͺˡ谲Щֲڴűס˱̶֣Щȴ
֪ˣǵðѹȵˣһһЩơ̶ǻЩϰ谲ܽӴźۼĴ˵гԼ֣Ȼĺؿ׾߳˷š
谲̶߳ȥȻӰֻ¶㴿Ц
̶ϲɾϲմӾӪʱ糾͵ȥ
溮ХȴһƬů谲ϴ֮󣬾ˬ˳˳ó̶Ϊͳ¯ŵľҪȣͺһҪؾӪȾƵĻ»ʱ
̶ƺ̫ϲľζ
ڳ֮谲ͻ˷̶һյ΢ƣⴲԼԼһӰƺ˯ˡ
̶ƿɵе谲־ͽԱߵ̶˻УǵĻһüĿӢͦ˿˿ķ顣
ô˯ˣ谲еŮûзӦһ˯ģߵţȵϢֱ׶ˮ˵ϡ
𡭡谲ջһˣЪϢɣеŮһ˫ģһǰ谲͡
¯ϵľƣû𣿡еī¶һСزۣһɤ谲ĶиǶˡջ

541 ʲôϵ

541 ʲôϵ
վҪؾӪˣһҪѵͲˡ谲ߪȡ̶ĺ촽˵ţӿԽԽȡ
ǡ͸ϿϢɣˡ̶Ѱһգٴһ谲˵Ż谲½á
û¡谲ȴǲΪ⣬ںīüＫȴҲ飺ҽѵûһˣ´ٻˡ
̶谲ô˵谲Сû
谲鵽Ũʱ̶Ľףԭڻеġ
ȴϺƴһʲô뵽ʲôҪ谲г
谲ȴԽĺˣƿֻһ˨ڽ϶ѡ
ôˣ谲̶ᴭţ谲ǡ
̶ʲô˼ʱ谲ʹӴվһ˫ĿŴѩݵ̶
ѾˣΪʲôҪڽϴҵʲôˣѵһֱҵĿˣ
νºϵ˿
һ¥ŮӣΪ˱һ˿棬Լ߽ϵһӴʱȻȥ·ϵһһ˿ңʹ·
̶ȴһֱڽ״ϵ谲δйŭ⡣
ǡһֱڽӿͣһŭŭٴδ
ûУ谲Ҳ֪ϵĹ̶һ¾ͻˣæ͵Ҳ֪ض£Ҳ֪֮ҪģĲ֪ھͼ㲻Ҫ
֪ô֪ܲ¥ŮѾõһĵĹأʱϣһˣһʱǰ
ôˣȴһֱţ
ˢһǧʹ۾׻Ŵŭʹࡣ
һһϲԴŮˣȴһֱʾΪһһˣδɷ򿴴
ָо±ȱԼŮ˱ѻҪʹɡ
Ȼžǹ̶ϵǸһʼҲǲ֪ģһֱӴ˲ŷ֣¥ŮӶڽϵһ
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뵽ǧļŵͫ˲ͱñ͸
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λүϴ£°¥Ĺﶼӿˣʱ°¥ţһô
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ҪӰ
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ӵĶȥˣǧһ£ʵ
ҾͲ֪ˡҡҡͷ
λ˳ʲôǵ𣿡ǧٴʵ
ЩˣһʼӰ°¥ʱλΣӵʱֻһλɼҵĹӡһ
Ǹɣкüɡ
Ĳ֪ˡΪΪѵ˵š
ǧֿһǰ𱣬üһ£漴˳ȥ
𱿴ǧӰʧ֮ϵһЦ̾ʧˣ֮˫ֻǮ۾ȴһĨްľ⡣
ӰȻửֻĻ˵˿϶ֻйϵ
֮ǰֻҺһݳӰӺܼ򵥡
һжֻĿǰĲ²⣬ϻôɺϵ顣
п϶ʲôϵ
ǧڵһҹԴϻλ͢ڵĹԱ˴󲿷ֵĵͲüûʲôͷ
ǧֻûص˻ʹסϵ۶ǳ˼
ֻõԲòһ͵鷿һ͵ǸСè
һ־˵ǧˡ
ֻϣˮĿϾҪˣȻҪµĸԺðЩĶ
ôˣֻЩ֣ǰЩƴ˵ǧδ빬ģҪʲô飬ֱߵһ˾ˡ
Ҳ˵мϸҪˣ˵Ϊϸġ
ɡ

542 ֻǻ

542 ֻǻ
Ȼֻˣǿ񣬺ɢıʾҲ֪ǧ
ϴʱͬĺݣȴû˺ƣĿ
֪ǱʲôԸֻׯŵţһĸµƣüۺº͵ЦЦȻ˾룬ٲȻƵǰˡ
Ҫ̻ʺǧ˫ֱȭί񣬿ƹ̬ȴһڷǰŵ
ǧһɵֻǧѲôͷʲôˡ
ʲô£ֻûбֳϵյĵƿǣµĲ㡣
ģ¼˻ʺﻭԵǲСȴСĸ˺룬´Ӧԣ»һһģһĻǻȥ֮󣬲ŷֻʺﻭʵڲ֪֣ش̻ʺǧʹˮüۣ˵ͽеǲС˳
ֽǲСʵֻǰǱǧ˺ˣǿۼӦò˺ģӦקġ
⻭ܼ򵥰̿ʹʣȻɫˡֻǼ򵥵˵ţȻƲһǧ
ְǧһǸѪˣȻӦԣͿ϶Ҳ
ĻĲӣǻλҪãȻʹﲻֶЧˡ
ʺɷʾһǧص
ֻǧɨһۣ֪ǧǽ̽ʲôľǲ֪ôԲģͲԵĹϵ
ǧǰҲûӦò̽ʲô
ֻһ뵽Ķ֮󣬾͵ͷӦˡ
˱ī;ֽõһֺϸ̿ʣܹ֤ϸճƤ֮ʣµͼɫС
ô򵥡ֻϸַе̿ʣȻһԵӣ˲֣һһֻڱܵƤÿһŻһֽţ̬ȴ΢ı仯ģֻҪעͺˡ
Ƥ𣿡ǧӾֽջ⣬ǶİĴ˵ЩŤ
ԣҸȡƤ𡣡ֻ֪ƤϲڵĶ˵һ¡
ˡǧ˵״ĵ¼ǵôܽʱ򣬻ʺЩʯ˻ȻÿʯͷϵĻҲֽϵĻ࣬ǲǻʺĻ磿
⵱ȻģǳϮƵġ
ǰҲֻһ˻ửֻĻʵҪԭ򣬻ΪŴõīˮȻĸ־ʹһ
ҪǳͲʡ裬ЩҲӦ˶ˡ
ǧѾ˴ţʺĻȷʵأȴҲ򵥣ѧǻʺʱĻҪ˶ãƻʺĻͳΪѧģµĶˡ
ֲϲû¶ʱ򻭻ǸСѾͷѡϣҲûٷ
Ҳܽĵʱ򻭹֮ڶʯǴˡ
ǣлʺָ̣¸ǡ
δ빬߳ǧһ˫ļź˫ǱڰҹĶߣη塣
ϣСšǰĽһ÷ŷʵƴǸǰ
ƴպīˮıʼһ٣Ͽȥ˿˿ƵīʹӶ˶٣ͻȥ̶ɤ
ϣ㲻̧ͷС˵еһждϿȻͻ֪
ƴ΢һ£ͻȥ
С˵ǻϲĻͻÿոдһţһֱдϿΪֹֽ˵
ԺҪʸޡƴ
ϣС㻹˵ǻϲԸգֻдŸʺֽŵ
Сͻദһʱ䣬ԻϵԸٻЩ˽ġ
ǡƴЦһһ˫庮䵽˵Ĺͷ

ǡ½ŷŵϡ
ƴǲûȥͷ¡
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ԽԽˣѾڷӣǧɫ΢䣺ǧǲźüûϢˣɫôôѿ
ղ¸ߣôһԱȣԽˡ
ǧû˵߽꣬鷿ӣա
ͷһǧ١
ƴǵһĨĹ⣺ãȥúϢɣǰ˲˼
лӡǧޱĸҪ뿪
谲˼ƴȴǺסǧ
ǧһʱ죬ת
ͻȥúϢ鲻Ҫܣ֪𣿡ƴ֪ǧֻǳϢô򵥣ζ˵

543 ҳȥ

543  ҳȥ
ǡǧʹͷ˳ȥ
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ľ˱Ƕǧ˽ȥѰһλ£ų߹ĸɫˡ
лļǵһС˵ĻӦöƹݣЩСŬĻš
ҲͲں˼ˡ
Ҫƣһţ⣬С˾Сǧ˵һЩ
ƹݲȾƵҲϡ¡
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ɲԱһֱ£Ϸ˸пվȥЩ겻֪˶ٴ򣬿ȴʼն֪ϼСõʲôʳҲͷ
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ҪһͰɣҪĻ֪жȥŮأһʳȻȤ
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СҪľ˹̧ͷһڴߵĿѾˣϵʳδѾ˽˵Ǯ
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аģÿʱҪһεġѾҡҡͷ
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Ҵ߰СſڴˣӻǸ֮ǰһǻֹۡ
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ҵѾߣָС㣬źСĵģСʱҴͱ˰ܹҵǮȥˣϧ绹ǱˡС˵ǳ
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֮ǰݳɿεĹӵǸ㣿ǧҡҡͷ֮ǰǸιӣܽһ˿
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544 ȥ̻

544 ȥ̻
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㻹ڴϺúΪáǧǾܾѴ㿪ҩӸң˸㿴
Ǹ̫ҽǲҽӸЩСûбϣֻǺš
ǧСָĳ룬һ붼Ǵ򿪵ҩǧȫˡ
úϢɣȻȥˡ
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㲻ҲˣҲû㰡ģ̌һ̻뿪ʱվԺǰ
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վ飡Сô࣬ǧȴֻ˶̶ĸش
˳˵֮ǧͽСͻȥˡ
ǧ뿪֮СʹӴŴ⣬ûһݷͳ˴ǰ
ͺϣҪϵõѶϢѣʲôʲСѾղǰˣģ֮ĹϵҲĴ

546 㻭

546 㻭
ҿ˰ɣǿľͷСֿڵ
ʲʲݷӴ߽һīɢڼͷִһɢĹ𻨡
Ѿ㽻ȥˣҲŬȥģˡվ˵ֻܰ㵽ˣҪʵ֮ǰĻһش¶ˡ
֪ˣ߰ɡݷ㶨Ŀһ󿪿ڵ
дϵţϿ𣿡׼Ҫ뿪ֿʵ
֪ݷǸɴĴ
Ҫǰڸݷ˵ʲôǼаݾû˵ˡ
ôӦܿС˵Сģ˵һľͷ
ֻôദģô˵ģô飬լġ
壬ƴҲѵúֻһ£ϸǸСƤһͬںϷۣԶķҶƮ䣬ʫ
ٵ磬ֻ׼һЩʳģһ߳Żһźߵ
紵˵Щ⣬ȴ䣬ʱʱĴһ𻨵㣬ֻһ庣ĻȹŷɽսΡѩգ͸Ӿ߳Ůһ㣬ÿһ΢Цÿһôˣ˳١
Ҹ㻭һƴŸֻںϵ龰ٵǾޡ
ðֻڴӦҪֱִһֻܸ㶨飺ҰһƣȻ㻭
˼ǣƴǵôߣôãֻҪסƾˣҲʡվﵱģˡ
ƴ˵УҪһƸĲ˱桢
ֻΣֻѡһƴˣ˭֪һҪ೤ʱ䡣
ͣ˷ҶĵطȻȴҲֲֻһЦ
ǧ;վƴ󣬰ĿƴñīһһĽֻľ绪īֽϡ
ƴô껭ܶɽܶˮҲСèȴδһˡ
ƴÿһµö桢Ҫֻȫöһ㡣
ԿһҲҪֻȻһһСֻĶ滭
ûһ;õĺøƴǿ˾ˣ㿴һ
꣬ӻʱ򣬲ϲ˴šǧһԣƴǻʮֵͶ룬һΪ˻ѩͷһѩ֪
ҿֻǸƲŸЦŵ
̾ͽеĻٵֻǰ
ֻǰɫľֽϣֱīʹճԴ֫
·ɫīǿ˿ֻ֮⣬˿ֻӰӡ
ֱֻ͡һЦײܻ꣬Ӳˡ
ͦõģǾˡ
ֻŸ
ڻ˾ȥһǿģȻһģĻƴˡ
Ҳã˾Ҳȥ
ƴһֱбϰϰһΪֻϡ
û֪㻭ˡ˭֪ƴһ͸Ƶġ
˺üظƳԵ˻һ㡣
ˡƴ𻭱ʣϵĻ΢͡
ֻʹֱۺͲæߵƴǸǰƴǻΡ
˵ֻһ䷲Ӱɣǻϵ˱ѩһ֬ɫ°Ƭ⡣
ֻƴǵĻ⣺Уһȥ֮Ҿ͹Ҵ棬ÿ𴲾ܿ
šƴǺ촽΢ͽϸϸ
Ϊʲô㻭ңΪʲôң뿴ңÿδ빬ܿˡֻǸϲýһǳƴľ֣֮ȷʵΨ⾳
ʲôʱˣʹ򿪿һۡƴֳֻ̧ɵı
ǵпգһٸһһİɣرϲָоֻߵĶ˶㣬ƴǵ
Ȼ֪ƴǻվտֻһֱûۼѣ֪ƴǻĻ⣬ҪƴǸ໭
˻ƴһǽڷʳָסֻĴѹֻߵǲ֪ߣǧ;褶ڣôǵͽǵĹ뷿ָ֮˵
ֻ˵ֻǻһ·Ƕƴ˵Ͳһˡ
Щ¶첲¶ȵ·ֻܴһ˿ƴǼֻޱܻ˵Щá

547 ֻǲϰ

547 ֻǲϰ
褶һ֪ǧȴ֪һȻҲ֪ʲôǷ뵽ϴޣײһɫȹֻҲ֪ˡ
οӻ˵Ľš
ֻĶһЦǲǲܻҾҲðرϲġ
ҲֻܸҿҲҪԺǵĺӲСķˣ಻áƴǼֻôϲѾҪֻһˣ۹һƲƲԱߺ͹ˣĸ
ֻֻ˽óǲܱ˿
Ծ͸ı⡣
ҲûҪúһ£欵ΣԺ˺ӣ㲻ĻΣأͿԸԺĺӿҲǷ˴ԼġֻֿʼƴǵϹŶ˼ˣӲҪջ
ҲԣҪӦһҪ󡣡ƴǿֻǳüһĿ筴˵ͷǳ˵ţôҲƲһ㡣
ʲôҪ󣿡ֻЩãȻҸҪ
Ҵδ㸧٣ӣѡһұһ
Ҳȷʵⶼôˣ赸ɬټҲòˡ
ҶˡֻҪȥ
ûϵҿԽ㸧١ƴǴעҪֻ
ֻƴôߣȻ뿴͵ˡ
ҹɫ٣ɴ¹к£ڵһصİ˪
δ빬ʱ滺ȪʱԽ٣ʱ̣ʱͻϸ
ҹɫںһ𣬾Ǳһ⾳
ֱ·δ빬˷׷פ
ԡգŷȥĲݷһȻĴҶ˳
С磬ֵ㵱ֵ𣿡Լݷ㵹Щϲ
ǡ峿ĺ¶Ƚأ߳ݷ㣬ȹ΢΢ʪ
ôȥϢ
˵δ빬ΪǴС㵯𣿡
ǰʺﵯĿɺˣϾͺͻʺһ٣ǸˣʱöǺˡ˵ϵǳ˿ʢ磬Ǽϲ
СЦЦǰֵû·ĹŮ˵ġ
ǵǿϧˣǧ;褴ٻţҼǵ֮ǰС㲻ǰҪҲڻߵܹÿʺˣһʱʱĳԵʺĺóԵĵˡԵݷЩϧԾҫȸԾĹâ
ݷĴǴЦ˫ұÿȴһƬްҲѣܵǰϸǰǧº;褶Ǹ˻õġ
ûϵȹ꣬ҲԵǰ뵱ˣټϻлʺЦ˵
ȴȫȻͻʺ﾿ʲôϵ
ƴǺ޲Ҫڳֻǰźãôܻǰ
Щӣʺﻹ𣿵ʺƤȽУҪಹˮҪĻʺˮעⱣůȽϲ·ڵů͵̺ӡУʺϲзһҪʺºƣƬȥȥ
ͷݷĻһ˫۾еº͡
ݷʶԼ˵Ļ̫ˣһֹͣˣ֮ǰǻʺߵʺһֱǸС㣬̫չԼ
С磬˵Щ϶жҵġԿݷž¾˵
϶Իʺܺá޾ϸĺá˵һ䣺С磬ôˣһкöϲģڹĹŮ춼㡭
ݷƴЦһ£ֹʹ˻ע⡣
ֻϰˡݷЩɬĵȥһʹСסһʫ续ĵطһӪһޣ˾סÿһʰ˵ķ䣬һϴ·ˣҿһҳԵĲȫģҲѧ˲˵գΪӻһֱȥ˭֪ôĶݡڻֻǲϰ߶ѡ
С磬Ϊʲôʺջͻһ𰡣ݷĻ־俴ȥƽȴ˸ˡ
Ҳ֪СҪͻһǲϲֻ֪ѡʹСһ𡣡ݷ۽ǷһĨ죬΢ϣĺǽߵԺǽϣԵЩ¼š
ϵȻҲϲʺİȻôԻʺôá
δϲС㣬ֻòϲѣϷļȣǻֻܳһ̶ѡ
С磬˵ʲôЩãȻ

548 ľе̥

548  ľе̥
ݷѹڲԵĶߵ
˺𾪡
㲻֪ôԴС㣬ֻ϶ԴСĺãΪʵİС㣬ֻԼ֪ȵκˣ˭֪᲻ԴС㡣ݷį˵š
ˣˣúչ˴С㡣
ȴԭأƺݷĻݷȥӰ⽥ʹȥ
λس鷿ƴһ±սԼϵĺˮ֮󣬾뿪ˡ
һݺõĲ裬¶Ȳ䲻ȣС
ϣȿڲ裬ԵʺĵЪЪɡƴǵۣǿġ
ڳϵķѾòˣǱߵԶܹãϵĺˮԬةѾ˽취
µҪﱸˡ
ƴǹǽڷָỮ¶յǣɫӨĲյԽĵָ˳ףֱϵļ΢΢¶Եֻˡ
ƴǾ˳룬澲ţ϶ӳŵ÷
ǻһĨ岻ǳЦ
ͽڳ˳
˰죬ͽľ褻˽
ȥطƴָеһַ
褼ĵַ֮׼ȥƴȴͻȻʵˣǧأ
ҲûмҲЩ֣ǧȻЩҲôһľͲˣ϶֪ǧ٣ʵ̫ˡ
ƴںī΢΢һ£˴⡣
̫ͻȻˣϼС㻹û޹ˣôȥˡ·˼վ·߿Ŵϼ߳飬Ϊϧ˵š
˵Ϸ˶˺üΡ
ҲиˣԱϷô£ϼСһͶ˼ҡ
ɫֽǮƮڵأΪҡѹ֣ԼԼ仹Ϸ˵Ŀ޺
ǧȺУһֱĶĹء
ֱĶ뿪վдСֵĹǰ
ǧĹϵ֣񶼲ţǰȥ̻ڳԷʱһ⣬ȻȴûкúõĻش
һ죬뿪ˡ
ǧĹС֣оͲɵĻദĵεΡ
ǴھƹݵʱôĽȫһĺۼôֹۡʵĿ䷳Ĳ
кܶ˶ܿ࣬ȴŬĻţȴû˺صĲȴʱЦȻڱһЩ桢Ȥ˵
һһڵĽʦȴʲô֪
ɫԽԽڣɪǧǵֱӰɶĹǰ
Բ𡭡֪һĻһ߾ȫĺģһ֪顣
ȻȴԶˡ
ʱĲףΪʲô
Ϊʲôÿһ˿ůˣնȥ
̴˵໹Իһ£Ŷ̶̼죬뿪ˡ
̫ͻȻˣ˵飬ǲǾͲˡ
ǻܼϼ档
ĶԲ𣬻ͲӦô̻ҲǲӦòúûش⣬һʦȴʲôûн̹㣬ҲʲôûΪ㣬ôأȴжɹҪŬϧҪŬǣ͵ÿһ糿ȫµԼ
ǧʵ˵ţ̫ΪѾľˣʵϣܸоʹġ
˵ֻصģ˵ҲǴӱһ̿ʼģ۵ʱ͵Ѿˣȴŵڶֻأ˯ۣ֮Ǿһȫµ㣬ΨһûѣͰⱭƵ
С˵仰ϵлصš
˵ֻصĻϣԾܹͶ̥ôõ˼ңȻ彡ĵļĸС㡣
Ȼһɷ򡭡
һҹǧСĹǰ֮ǰ飬һһ˵
ϣװġ褴ƴ˵ĵطڳһľУľװһ̥̥ѾͣԼµӣ̥ѾʬҲ֪ʲôʽġ
Ҳ˹ľһ۾ͿľеĲʲͨϣľʬУɱ겻
˵뵽޲˵ģ⽫̥ΪľպΪϴˢסƴǿһľе̥ƿ⣬Į˵š

549 ӳĬǧ

549 ӳĬǧ
ϣôܣôģ˵ĻţǹҲô˵ġ
ֻԻʺһи飬ʺﶼϣСôܻỳϻϵá
޵Ȼ֪ⲻ޵ĺӣҲǻưոݵӣѪٲȻǲĿĲݣǲ̥ڳ룬ŻĴɢҥԣΪʱ޲ͳһ塢ӵĻ𣿷۵ҥԡ
һʮʮ٣öˣȻΪˡ
ŵ˻ھǣҪҥԣʮּ򵥡
ƻҲֵġ
ǣϣضλ̫ҽ̥ĶߡةƴǼᶨ˵
ةӦòĲ̥򣬶̥ϾʲôҩܹκѪϣںϣ
仰νһеġ
Ϊ̥ĺӣȻ̥ʲôֽţΪܹ̥ǲƴǹΨһǵѪס
ǣ΢סة˵ţϳ̵ʱڲ
ةľ߳ȥʱƴŸüǧأ
ڹլҲ֪ôˣûô褶ǧķҲЩ֡
ʵǧϼСУһֱǶߣû˵ǧڲʲôҲ˵
ȥûУƴ˳ŨܵĽ˶
ȥˡ˵
ȥ⼸ǧٲӴʲôˣʲô¡ƴǽŷԸ
ƴǺǧ˿νܵˣ˲ǧķܵģ״̬ʲô顣
ǡ褵ͷȥ
Сˣֻǰһɴ˿廨ȹҷڵأԵ̡
ǣͻȻˣСҲõˡݷ̫ʦ϶ֻ˵
ǧûлʲôɣ
ûУСĲѾˣ˵ǧСȥʱȥˣ˶ˣܲȥĹһ龿ɣݷҡҡͷһ˫ٷ绪˫޺ֻϡ
ǾͺãֻҪǧûлɾСֻһ׮Ҳ˰ɣЩɣˣ˵Сʱǧȥ
ǣһ·ݷ˼˵ţ媵ЦţǧµԸҲѪʹС㲻ദ죬ȻСϣĺܺСǼദġ
ʵǧԸĲѪ¶ȵ֣ҲѪ⣬ȴ˺ܶĴ̣κ˿ҲǲԸκ˽ӽ
ΪСһİˣ˽ĹȥڣҲһְȫУǧŻ׶СһθС
͸ڵһĻǶ˵ģΪҶֻʶһ̫Ļᡣ
ҲûôദҪΪҶһİˣһ˺İˡ˵ˣСͻȻȥˣҲò죬ȥҲûʲô־Ϊǧ¶µԵʡ
šݷͷ֮ʵС㣬˵ǧ᲻ϲС
ôܣֱֻҡͷȻݷָǸСһ˺ˣǲ׵ϲһˣһϲˣҲ¶ģôһ˿˿ĺۼҪûʱ֣ȥ׷ĻϾûʲô
Ҫһررϲˣ᲻ȥ׷ݷȴֽźʵ
㣬׷𣿡ֻоСӦǧŶԡ
ǧµĸ鶼ѹ͵ģƺǶԣһϲԺͱҪӣԶһġ
ȻԸҪθ飡
һ¶ĺȹ°ָͺŨңСɽһ㣬һȫԲ£
ᰡȻᣡݷ㲻˼˵ϲңҲԸһֱ
ֻݷ仰ɵü
С㣡ݷüĺ塣
ҲǧҲ֪ʲô֪θûнĻӦòȥ׷ɣֻ²š
һ֮ǧ糣ĳƴǸǰ褵ĵҲûģҲƴ֪ЩǧϦڵǶʱʶһλӰˡ
ȻҲûǧСʶֻΪλӰﱻǰˣǧŻ˵ĳĬ
ˣֻҲʱʱľЩ鷿ͣҲûжȥעǧȴЩϸ΢ĲǧƺӳĬûµʱ͸ϲһ˴š

550 һ

550 һ
ֻҲֻСǧЩͻȻɣĬҲġ
ѹ飬ȻҪһĵɢע
ϸ·ҲСˣĺӦ̥ˣǧҲҪ׵ģֻ½һϲ·ǧһϸеĺ̥ҲΪһ¼ٵСϲá
ϣ¾˷ܵǧҪȥ
磬ϸĺӿɴˣֻҪһ˵ͷ·֪һһ㣬ýϸĶӣһ¡²ܲ˵ǧ߽˷š
ڵŮ»ˣѾ˯ϵϸ괩ѣĵϡ
С塭ϸһֳֻźһֻԲĹĵĶӣԽĵ֫ϸ·һ۾ܶϵһ㡣
ΪϸһֱڷùҩݵԲһЩȵô
ǧԸģǼ˵ĸ˺˷ܣôܷϲã˾͸
ȴû뵽²ϸĶӾȻôˣȻֻӵһݣϵɫϣȴǽȻͬģ¶ɢһĸζ
С壬ŵģϸѾߵĲ£ǿվ罭ϸϸ塢Խᡣ
ҸȡСûϸȡѾߵϸǰᱧϸĶӾͽϸĶϸϸš
һ̥֮̾һԵǧҲһ
Ҫ׵ˣôôִ֪硣ǧϸеıһЩֻɵĮҪһæ˦ǧ֡
ʲôѽСߵÿˣҶὫϸ߻ˣСҪǲʰ˵¾ͶϸĶ˵ó׵ϣûУ׶ڣҪԹԵġ
๫ŻСöϸһЦȰԼĶӣһ媵ϷĸĹâ
磬վˣҲ⣬һǧ־ͷϸ߸¡ĶƤϡ
ǧ̫һСϸĶӣµַϸʱǧĵһºԼһ᲻˵еĺӡ
Ǻӵĸףʲôǧһ£ܿʹϸĶÿˡ
ΪֳȥԼöӵġ
еʱ򣬸磬㲻ҲȥҵʱȫûʲôоĻµȻû˵ʲôΪѾʶö죬ᵱġ
ϸǧ鲢ֻ֪΢΢Щȵĳǧȥü֮Ѿᡢ׺͵Ц⣬ֻΪǰһŮΪǧӡ
ǧɫ΢ƽȴʵӿȴģûʲôǸʱǶСѾǵʱˣ¶ҪسЩϾҪˣҪôˡ
ʱ䲻ˣһȥˣųڴź˵ǧתҪߡ
С壬ѾˣҵҲһ԰ɡϸæһһֱϸϸģ˵ᾪеĺӡ
ǰ磬һǱҲûнʲô飬ô߸Ҳվ˵Ҳ֪ʺǱߵ飬Ҿ⹬£ڻߣܹÿܼʺ
ǣһֱûʼն߶ţŽҲЩϺӡϸҲϸĸ͵ȻֵµѾȥ׼ˡ
ǱةѾѧĲ£
ºȻŮˣլԺֻʣةһˣŮڻʹҲܲŮļܡ
ةͰѧãϷӣΪѧʶԨֵ»˲ٵ
ةӹõҲḻʵ
ĸһԲϣڹϵĲҲƮݣζ嵭ģһӡ
ǧ˵ԣȴǷպԼպ
谲ӣ֪ϺͻʺɺãʺִƷӡƹɻ˳ûзʲôûͷ۰ɣϾŮǳģеУǻʺĻϵξʹˣνҪޣܳһӣټԱŮϣǾҪлʺҲҪĸµ¡
ֲģʺ߶ǳָѾӦգҲοģ̌ͷش
Ǿͺáة°Ͱ뻨ĺӣֿ֮һԱߵϸ꣬ϸһûþͻˣֻҲӦÿˣǲ磬ʺʲôϲѶ

551 һ

551 һ
ֲˣϵΪۼһЩжҩЩҩҪһʱԻʺﵱǰϲѶǧɫûвƽĽԲ˹ȥ
ŶԶԶԣԣˡة΢΢һЦЩ˼ļһЩŶ౧
ͬʱҲΪֻ룬ΪʺȻԽԽãɹϵŻ𢡣
Ҫ뱧Ļǻ𣿡ϸةʢһ˼µദŮ˵ٲȻѾʮŨ
ˣǸãڵȸ꣬īˣǾ͸ˡةŶϥĻ棬ɵЦ
ˣ˵£谲ǲûл䰡ةһϣһУȻͰеעδϣճɻ飬Ȼ޸
Ҹš֪ǧԸ£ͽ¸˲ȥˣҸ羭ڻϸǰ£ԵҪҸ籣һõý
ҲǣʺﲻǾҪټλԱС빬ӦûʺϸţѡһòƷĹةһƣҲʼ߶
ǧĻ£ƴǶ̫òֹ¿һɫǧʾϸתƻ⣬Ҫˡ
ԭǴǧסˣǧȴִҪߣҲûа취
µլԺ֡ܰԼļӣȷʵԵø壬ǳû˾סҪһ㡣
ǧеһյ⣬өĹڼ򵥵ҫţӳǧŸϣԽԵù¼š
Сÿһ춼һµĿʼǹȥ飬ʼȫµصĴڴһǻѪꡣ
ʵ˵ˣԼȥ뵱飬·찲źõһ㣬¶ȥĳµʱ򣬵ڶͻ벻֣ӶĴ
СûͻȻǸ֮ǰһżŮװ棬ѰһƹݣȾơȻ졣
ǻٶŮжĴ⣬ҲôŮˣȻһĶֻһة˵òƷŮӳɻ顣
ֻСͻȻȥĶһͷ·ڸӦù¹µһˣ߲ӦóκһŮˣ
һĨٻɫӳ䵽Զһɫ¹ϣǧںī΢
֮֮վ¹
¹õ·࣬طֻʱסѣ󲿷סڹġ
¹еһ룬ͿԿһȴ˿ŵĻ
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ЩǹѾЩˣ˵¶ЦΣȴϡܹǰӵġ
ϸ˵ǹǲܳˣֻǳԵĿڸп϶ܲ
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ֻľͲһµĻԼصĸԺġ
ԽԽᶨһ飬ǾӰһֱģֻĻ
ʵΣֻҵӰ
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ǧĴţĮ繳ɫӺ¶Ҹˣֻ˼棬Уϸᡢɷ˼
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ǧɫƺȸղŸӱ˪һֱĬãĵ˵ˣҺûκεĹϵҲֻһ˵ұ㣬Ҿͱ㣬ɱ㣬Ҳ飬˵ֻһ޹ؽҪˣǻȫƾӵһ仰ԺҪڸ桢ҵκ顣
ǧ˵仰һԾʧˣӰľ
ֻôĿ࣬òǵĹϵ΢һЩ˭֪Ϊһ仰ϵһصǰ
ƴǺͼλ˼֮͵ǰѯҪҪš
ʺ𣿡
Ѿˣǧʺﻤͻֳ֮ˣҲˡʵĽƴǡ
޴ȥδ빬ԡƴǵ鵹ǱȽɣЩģֺ˵֮󣬸׼뿪
ة̫ҽԺԺȴڴʱˡ
ϣ̫ҽԺļλ̫ҽϸ֮ȷ̥ϲκɵ㡣ة๪Ķƴǵ
ȷ̥˶𣿡
ΪװľеģľлһЩĲϣʱжϡ
ƴǵƵԱǼ⻹δ𿪵ŷ⵭Ŀһۡ
ԣʲô£
Ҫȷ̥ǲǻϵľֻܵѪסƴǵ
ƴȴЦˣҲ𣿡
壬ǻ֮԰̥ҲҪ֤Сûǻϲ̫ҽԺԺУѰ̽һûеգȻ˵ҲŻ飬ܸи
˼ҶѾ֤ﶼˣȴϵĻȥʼ棬ҳȶЩڸصһֱڴöԷץסһѱͷһսҾͻٴα
˰̥͹ȥɡƴǵ˵ţ˼ȻѾˣͱӣЩδžͳδ빬ȥ
ŷĲ˶ܾ£ðҲȫǸֻĿζģֻȴûһθڡ
ϵ飬Щ꣬ǧȻһҲԼܲס죬ǧСġ
ڷʲôƴһɫ߾צ绪߹߽ʱ˱Ҳ˳ȥֻͲš
ôǰ˵һҶûŷ׼ֻվƴݣĵ׵ûǰˡ
һͿˣαش£ϸôƴǾֻ֣ԣһ뵭ŵī͵ĳֻϮйϡ
ͦõġֻֿһ۲ԣҲʶȤ˳ȥ
ܴСĻӰ죬»һС檻ԲͿ£˳ȥֻ֮εĿڵϸ֮ǰйŮ𣿡
µӣǵ˽Ҳ֪̫ϸûУµģԲϸꡣ
ϸҲ£һЩʡĵŮ¸ǰεȻһЩʲôֶΣµĴֻ˵žζĿƴǣôһ˵ҵ룬ǵ߰˺ӣЩŮԼδӢС㶨ǻٳǸʱҲֵʢ꣡
նںæʲôƴǵȵֻ仰ȴǹһЦΪ£ҷĹŮҶ֪жٸˣȵ֮߰󣿡
ֻʾ΢΢Щȣ
ЩҶˣҲģȻû㣬ȫһ֪òҲ̫ðɡ
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ָоֻϲԺʱ䣬һҪúԼˣȻйŮƴ£Ϊƹܺ󹬵ĻʺȻһû˵ŲŲûʵȨأƴǵıܹʵ̫ˣ
ֻҲƴǣЦţһŵѩɫӻµͬʱҲһĨ
Ҳϸ꣬ҼȻѡ㣬ҾͲȥʲôһҷһ˿ĻҾ;ͷ
ƴǵʹͶһƬӰŵųľգϸµ´⣬ȴһ͸¶Ŵӹɢ󡢸ʣ˰Ф롣
˵ģӦҪ̹ҲҪԷһЩԼĿռ䣬ЩԲ˵һֱԼоͺãǰǲܹ˵ƴǾʹͳ˼÷ţеĿˣеûС
Ҳ֪һֱûߣҲңûпң飬ҾЩһҪ֪ġ
ųֻǰơ
ֻǵŵŷ⣬ƺĵѬ㴫дģ
ǡƴǵͷǲգ˵ὫЩŵݹ֮ڣֱ͵УˣҲˡ
дʲôݣȻ˵ƴûеһʱ֪Ĺǡ
޷ǰһЩ£Լ̥Ǹӡ
ڼǸģֻһӦǾƤʵ̫񣬵ȴҲ֪ȻҾƴǣ˵һİա
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ȶƬˣʲôǵˣֻȥЩţԸƴ˵
ҲǡƴҡҡͷųɽͫһƬĳϵļңһߣһ뿪ˣһҺһƽȴܰһָ˸ӣٹһֻص˵뿪ʱ㣬һ˵
гһ𣿡
˵Ұˡƴ촽ֻĻԶǸӾеġ
ֻаһ´ǣ㲻ǵˣǧ»߾褣ܹߵİɣӦ֪Ϸʲô
Ͼһˣ÷԰УѾл˵÷ƴҡҡͷ
ֱֻûһ˿ţ־ƺԵ𣿡
ƴֻҡҡͷҾҲǡ
Ҳ㲻ǣοҪеĺģҲĺ㷢ʲôңӦûڶ˯ԣˣѾΪŮˣһ̴ֱ鵽̥Ž˵ŮˣǸһͲˡ
ϷһĶࡣ
ٸһ֧㣬ܰѵ
еĽǣ֪ҵ㣬Ϊ˱еǷ룬ƻº͵͵뿪ˣΪĻϺ֮ҲһֱûмڸңΪ֪ҵ飬˵ˣҲţŰѺڸ˵еĺȴһѪϵʳľѪ󲻵ѲŽ̥ˡ
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ⲻ̲óϲԼһĸἺΪˣԼȴҡģ˵ͬ顣
͵һٲȻҪµֶθӸ߳
ǣ˵ôãҼжŲ㣬Ҳᱳ
ǰҪ˵ôãС̫ɺˣֻЦţοҪΰҲС
ǡƴǵͷıӰ֮ǰĹҲ鲻Ͼȷʵ岻ˣ룬ҲԸ˵˺ݷǶι֮󻹷ʲôû֪ˡ
ݷ˵ֻܹûͱһѡ
СҲô˵ġֻҲ˵ͷ
С֮ǰǶι֪ţ֪ϸ֦ĩڡ
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559 һ

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ں˵ʲôǸôģİң˲÷飬ҲԲܻĺӡǴ׵Ϳơƴǣ
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ô˵֮ǰܶĺӣȻôó۵ģֻǾãҺò£ҪõĻǹˡ
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֮ô˵ġ
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һ𣿡ƴǷʵ
ǲˡҲ±Ƚϼ֣Ȼе飬ڹΪʺ󣬶Ҳȷʵ鴫ɢȥյϳĻϣ̫ȶʲôң
ҵʱĹҪĻҲ֡ƴֻᣬĴȴһĨɼıǰǸˣһֻСﶼԸ˺ҲǡҪʱñҪֶΡ
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ƴ֪ԷϹˣȫһĸɱˡ
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ʵҪľЩͼ
ˡƴǵ˵ͷ
ǾǸģֻƴôʣ϶Ҳоһͷ
ƴֻһĬ漴ӳֻһŰƴСҲǸҵģֻǡҪ֤ǸӲҵġ
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ƴȻòǺףȴҲ֪ǸҽѧѾܷ͸˷Ůһ㣬ѪҲΪüࡣ
ֻҪҼһԲ֪ˡƴǽֵӦûῼǺЩģҲ˰̥͵̥ûбֽš
šֻͷ⡣
ǲţỳƴǺӵģƴ˵ˣ֢״Ѿˣֻһ˸оٻߣƴǵѪòݣԲŵڻûлϺӵġ
һ𣿡
ʲôֻһտտĿƴǣ㲻ƭң˵ÿһ仰ģûа١
һǸҵأ
ĺʲô
Ҳʲôҿ϶㷢ʲôʹ۾ǸͬĻͿܡ
ǲǵϣҺʲô
СƴǵͷһһƬΣȴӡԺķûзҷֲ١
ڶʲôΣֻٴʵ
˾ƵˣᷢȣʱﻹŵɡҺƴǵҺûһ϶Һʱֹ֪ʱʲôŻôᶨƵ˵еĺҵģҴʤȯյš
ΪԼҲֲ滹Ǽ٣
û˵Ԫں飡ֻ˳ָĵĽŵѾû¶ȣΪƶǸӲҵģҲܺʲô
ղ˵һʲô˼ֻºһѾˡ
֪һķ飬㡭Σ𣿡ƴ૵³仰ֻȴǸֿҫͫд⡣

560 ҪʲôӦ

560 ҪʲôӦ
ᣬǶǷֿ飬Ǹʱ㲢ңҲ㡣ֻ룬漴ĵ˵鲻һģ˵ĻҴͷβҶţҲģҲ̽ҵ̬ˡ
һвȴֲһвһȫƴηӦ
ҪƴĻѻһв
ţ͸һ紵ֻǽǵļ˿ѣûκεӰ졣
ˣ˿ˣԷɣֻɨһϵţֽƻصƴǸǰǸʱкܶྫʵĵӾС˵ڸпС˵ϰٱȫǹѪС˵·ľ飬ҿٿмʮ飬ҲƱľҲͲϲµˮƽ˾ʾ׵ˮƽûʱȥˡ
ҵǿȥ÷ԷˣϵݣһĿ̹ǵĻ磬ʱȫϷ̨ȥݣרݸаС㿴뵽ʱһǮΣ
Ŷô˵ϷǲǾңƴһüǾֻ鲻
˵Ǹıˣ±ڴ󳼼УҶˣ˵ĳĳгһλŻ磬òǵĹӸ磬йСĽ󣬶λغһλ󳼼ҵǧС㣬վ飬ӸıòˣǰװŸšʵȴǸгǸֶݵĶŮˣһֱڴƻֱڲɢˣԸԳĳΪ˱δޣλǧСֺͺˣ⿪ᣬ񶾱ּٽ軳С
ҹ±ˣ϶ģ˵ǹС㣬͢ũϲҲ÷Ѷӣ㽫ǰһЩС˵õСֻ˵žȻȤƺѾʼԾԾ
÷Է¹ȡڿǰϷųȻھݡ
ã˵ȥƴǿֻȵı飬ɻһЦôдôдֻǵҰҲдȥҷ겻׼
˵ţƴУΣյĿֻ
ô᣿ʱźˣҪλأǲͨôȥأԺҪôȥԺأڵĳ˵ǾãˣϰǳԱˣЩҲЪˣǱ֣Ҳ㹻ľȥս
ֻҪķչãṩҵλȻˣҪӦǶֲʳɣ
ֲʳǾҪ࿪ѻĵأũҵרңû취һĶһʳǾֻܶˡ
ƴǶյһڲ裺㲻úõʺ󣬵ôǮˡ
ũҵĿǰΪֹҪģξҵøصƷͨʽʽϰоǮˣϰǮˣ㻹ʲôֻҲι֪֮չũҵҵǱġ
ŮӲøƴֻЦ˵ôһ仰ԡ
ֻҿɲǸ˾ְ취Ǯ취ιάȰɣһ»Ծȷʵͦθڵġ
ԣֻҪóİչøһ¥Ҷ㡣ƴ˵꣬ȴֽ˻һ㣬һǸҵأ
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Ǯˣ̥ڻꡣֻǼˡ
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һһƣ檣Ȼܻᵽȥ͵ȣʲôģеλеľΪǮ
ΪǮƴȴЦˡ
ſɲȱǮӦ˵ںǮ
֪ҪˣҲŲֻЦ˵ο¶ˣҪô򵥣ΪƴǳĻϡ
ԲŻˡ
ǸҵģǱ߿϶ݵģǰʧͲʵʵ֮ǰΪҵδޡƴǺĻԶ
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561 ͦ

561 ͦ
ʮѧܶûж飬Ҳ֪ʲôģȻҲ֪Ǹʱѧ֪ʶû취ҴӳΪǿߣȴ֪ҿϺܺõĻȥϾò֪ʶ㣬ҶӵС
ֻĻûκοŵĳɷ֣òǽūУҲԻᱻ˿С
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ûȥãòֶǲزסġ
ƴīֻеĶ˹漴סֻ֣֪ˣԷɣ
ҹɫ٣Ѿߴһˮ͵Уױ̨ϵӰЩ֪Ҫοڡ
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ô죿ӰҲЩԾϸ²ǲŸ𣿡
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ҪС㣬ʡʡɣÿĳԺȷʵһʺܴĿ
ӰС㣬¾ǵ°¥ҲǳԺȲõġԵĶõġ
Ȼ䣬뿪°¥ӹ׽
֪ˡӰ˵ţִ¹óһ컨ͼĺӣóһŰԪƱԺһ;ͼӵ֬ˮ۵ġù˵ģƤҲȽϴϰߴֵӣڿûеطԽʡİɡ
īˮͻֽǲҲԲõģ裬Ƿͨľջ棿СѾʵ
Ҫʡĵط̫̫࣬ˡ
ջҲãҪЩò裬дˣīˮͻֽǰȥõģٹʱ䣬ұԳȥ˸ˡϾմ°¥кܶ˼ǵģڵȶʱ䣬ȥ¥˸١
С㣬αôίԼСѾЩģᣬòͲŻҸҾԣĹӼˣҲǲԣ䲻ܹú͵ãܹҪǿ
СѾ°¥ģֻܸ檣Ӱ૵˵ţˣҪˡ
ǡСѾƱ˳ȥû߶ԶԺˡ
һȻǽλӡ
Ӱס𣿡һڵײǳĵǧĮš
ǣūȥС㡣СѾǧƺֱܼСžͽȥˡ
ûһСѾȹڣ˻ӣҼСȥ
ǧԺɨһۣȻĿż˽ȥ
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ʲô
Ҳ֪㻭ӰǰһۣԼĶϲڡ
ﻭˣӰͿʼֲͬ˵ַɳһ֦Ҷ֫
ǧĬһŵķš
ڵ΢΢ҡҷţСѾݺõĲ˹ǧڷš
ӣ˵ÿһƼ򵥣ٲȻЩȥˣյŻЩģ㿴
ӰԱóһСÿһҳ˻
ڻĻϣһЩڽȥ㿴ɲԡ
ǧӹȥţһŻľһʾдѡҪŮҪоʮŽڸʾдֶСĽ̸ţһֻڹꡣ
ģ̌һǰӰɫü֮ǰ䣬Щ°Ȼ
֮ǧַ˵ڶҳǻڹһСȥء
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ͦõġ֮ģ̌ͷӰٸһһС𣿡
ԣֻɫЩˣҲôҵûʲô¹ӡӰӭǧɫݶƽ˵š
ûʲôǧеĳϣ㻭ɣ
ǹӣôͲӡӰǧ嵭ţէůʱɽȪˮ

562 ҩ

562 ҩ
ֻһλޡǧǹϵ˵
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ӣǲ˼ҼС㲻СĽīˮˣŪõǣСҪȥԡ֪ӡ
ǧСѾŵˮ裬ϵҲմȾһЩī֭ɫźۼ䣺Ҹ
˵žϵĳͻ뿪ˡ
ǧ뿪֮ӰŴ˳ϵ˳ȾȫûմȾīˮĺۼ
СѾӰ˶һۣӸԵп龪һ
ȥ֪ͨϡСѾеˮ裬ٲȻһѾߣӰȴ¶һĨţСĵʵҡû˵ʲôʲôɣ
СѾĿһӰͽŸˡ
ϣǧºϹˣƶЩоĻȤӰҺӰѰ˸ɶˡҹɫأСѾղŵһһʮվ£īӡ
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飬ôǸôӽģ۸ŪŴǰһīұһյǳ
ˣ޽̶һұɱ̶ⱻ¥Ϊ̶ΧһΣÿ¶кȾƣ̶֪˹ҪĶ飬̶͸̶ԼסһʼһֱסھӪУżŻȥһΣ̶дþΪ˺ܶѣһֺòˣټϹ̶ʶĽӽ˱һˡ
̶ʹõֶκܼ򵥣ĻҲһ㣬ȴɹĽӽǧ£һǧµӡ
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ڵĽĺأҿûôĺʱ档аŴаȵ˵š
ϴΣСѾЩɻĿۣҲǧ˺ѶԸ
¼ҩ俪ڡ
ֻԭ뽫¸ƴ˵ģû˵ˣԼˡ
ݷֵ֮δ빬ˣѯݷûнǧ˵
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ֻѯ飬һһش
ֱģݷ˵ǲʲôݷȻ»ɫҲ̹Ȼ˵ҲһЩҳֻʲôط¿һСԵֻ꣬ǹ﷢ʲôȤ顣
߾йоˣ˵ǵѩˣƴҪȥȪԣ׼ôˣֻʲôҪģ˵ƴпչ
˵Ϊһ
˵öͦ𾢵ģҲãûгǸ˵ģ˭Ҳ˭Ļ
ֻܲˣоԼôרҵġ
һ죬ͬʱҪչ˫
ֻЩܲˣòԽ˴ˡ
һǰһ߳δ빬֮˵ɫͬʱ
ֻСĶѣϺαˣݷµ岻˵
ֻǽո˶ѣÿնһ˵ģȻæʱǾ褹»ͷƲһݷ㣬ǴŲм㻹һλᣬҪĻǰ˵ˡ
ǧ࣬˵ôࣿݷұÿϴתЩɻ
ǧһĮģﶼģʲôֱ˵дẈ̂˵
ջʺһЩ÷⣬ܺóԣҽܺá¸ӲһЦûб飬ΨһԱѩɽϵĺ䡣
ܽʱҾԣȷʵܺóԣֻ÷ֳԲźóԣȻȵڶûζˡݷµĻشĵǺƽ֮ͣʲôҲǲɣĻܳˡ
ǻʺ˵һǲǳԵ÷ⲻһ÷÷ģ߻ǻʺþȥģҸģҲ˳˿÷ģߺأŮòģʺһûպû򣬱ƤŪˣȫˣǺܺóԡһƬûб飬ȻȴǴһĨײĳЦ

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Ϊʲôûа취ֻƴǵ۾ⲻʶƴǣҪȢôܻûа취
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ֻƴͻȻֹסֻͷϵֻ֣˫͸ֻһһûС

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㲻Ӧŵ˾ͻҲ𣿡ֻӴǳһĨɬЦ㽫Դ뵽ƴǵĻС
ҪҵҶԸģΨ㣬ҲңһһҪǱŵץȥҿҪΪǵĿܣƴǽֻ§ס·һͻʧȥһ㣺úõġ
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㿴úõĽ齲ײΪʲôң
ֻúúõĺǻ㣬ǣκһ²õ飬ҶҪ֪ƴգһ˳ŨëµӰһӰ㣬ǰɿ
㲢ս㲻Ҫҳ軵ˣҳ赽֫ڣȲֵʱҾѹ㱳ϵһɽٴҲ۵һ졣ֻż⣬ཱུ˫΢
Ȿ֮飬ΪŮ˾ӦÿԼƯƯʵˮƽԼС۽еױ³ΣȻֻȡһ˾ˡҾҲһֱŬĳչû󹬵Ҷȥƴǳֻͷ߬סֻǶԺޡ˵˫
ڶգʹԣһλҪ빬ˣ֮ǰϵδ
Ϊ֮ǰǻС㣬طСΪס湬
빬ĵһ죬ָôߵķΪϵȻҪ湬ġ
ϣʱˡ۳ɫԽԽڣϵˣȴһæǰѵ
Ȼƴ˫ȴϵϣҲڴߴ٣ֻԼš
ûã湬Ĺ˵Ϲ岻ʣޡ
⡭һƴǵɫҪҪȥδ빬
ȥƴֻ΢һ£ϵ˵
ΪʲôҪƲѾȥδ빬ˡߵĹŮ߽ǷѾ˵
̫ϣЦЦҡҡͷ㲻
ȥ÷԰ɣ˵վϹһĨŵЦ⡣
һΣ䣡Բ䣬ҪֶֻƴĿеλá
µĩ䲻٣δ빬ľ˵ů紺ֻƵ۾߻ƴ¶ȡ
ʺ밲ˡ
ȥɣ˵岻ʡֻһ仰ˡ
״򲻶밲żҲЩȻʼձűл͵̬ȣҲǣǣҲȥ鷳
ƴӭȢֻȨ֮ƣûҪʲô棬ֻҪƴÿδ빬ЪϢˡ
ʲô湬
˵ʺ˯߲ãڰߣӦûԻʺ˯аһׯִֵ֮󣬾վöùһУ֡
ˡֹ˵һ̬ȴǲ̲һλŮӶϽӹǸС

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569 ûʺ
Ҫ߳δ빬ʱһװ磬ºݷҲɫұϣ緱ʢһˡѤá
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ݷʹͷ˸
ڶĲ£ҷǧ׺ܽȹݷ߹
һ˲ѩƮǵļͷᣬᡣ
ݷߺֱʹ粽ĳδ빬ȥ
С㣬㻹ðɣݷڴȺãֱֻϤһ߳ʱվǵģһĴ΢
Һܺðôˣֻлһӣӯߵǰɫ졣
Ҹղʱˡݷһ˫续ü΢Щǵ˵ţϲǴӦ㣬ֻһŮΪʲôͻȻͱˣ
ֻƿǣڴᴵ˴ЦֻҪƴǶҵĲ͹ˡ
Ǹǻϵģݷ㿴ֻ飬续üĿԽˣС㣬ǰģ㲻ΪκίԼ
ˣС㣬˵ЩˣԽԽˣ㶬ûãֻȴǲ˻⡣
С㣡ݷվ˱ֱͦһ԰Ȼŵôϲ𣿡
ǰôиԣѣһЦôѺͲۣʼɢšĹ
ڲ𣿡ֻһ䣺빬ôãƴǶδȥ湬
ǰĴСΪ⣬ͲܹȡСλãûϾ㣬Ǹʱ˼ɽ֮䣬ż򵥵жڵأȴΪںղòЭ
С㣬Ҹ˵ˣƴǲѶѣӣҵȻҪûκθԡֻеĲյʼʽֱݷ⡣
С㣬ֻ˵ûȻС㲻⣬Ҳ޻˵ݷ򴽣Щʧ˵ţͺԼһֱ䱦Ķô˱˵ȴϧأ
ˡǵһݷô뿪һ뿪
ֻݷЩ¼ŵıӰҡҡͷҲ֪ݷĵĹΪƽ
ֻҵ飬ôأ
С硭ݷû߶ԶԾ׷
ôˣݷͣ½Ųѯ׷ĲԵ
һʱҲ֪Ҫݷ˵ʲôһֱ˰죬ʵС磬ǲǻϲʺ
Ҫ𣿡ݷȴЦ˵һԵЩϲΣϲΣҲ
ˣ࿴ЩʺҪˡ
С硭ֻһǧ´¥ū澣һ·ҶŻεĳ谮ʺӰ룬϶Իʺһо͸һ鷽һ㣬𣬵ڷ֣ǿ鷽Ǻ̫ˣѾĲˡ
⻰ʲô˼ǻ϶Իʺﲻ𣿡
ǣ϶ԻʺܺãֻܸоǷݺЩˣæڹûʱʺûйϵǡԵʹͷЩڡ
ʲô
Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼϺѾһʱûʺˣ
˵ʲôݷ㵹΢΢Щȡ
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ǰδ빬ϸͻͻʺһ𣬾ǻ϶Ů֮鵭ˣҲһ¶ʺһ°ɡ
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ǣǳģ֮ǰû⣬ʱһôͶˣĺˡϸʱ䣺ԣǴӷ֮ʼġ
С˵ʲô
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С磬ҲȥʻʺҾֻܸ˵˵ôˣʺഺòʱôͻȻʺˣһֱڲԵУҲҸ˵ֻܸݷ㣺ǻԭ򣿿ҿϵܺðæĻǰҲæǻϺͻʺﳳˣ
ԣ֪ҲΪС룬һԭģ㲻Ҫ룬רĵķδССݷĵ΢΢ٲȻ˸һĨĹ⡣

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£㲻Ҫκ˵֪𣿡
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Ҳ̫ˣȥɣ˵Сأݷ㿴˿ܣֵУҪκ˵£ǴС㣬Ͼ¹ػϺͻʺŪҪԴģСȻû˵Сǲϣ֪ġ
컹ȥ÷԰𣿡󣬹ʵ
ȥɤģ㽫еů¯ˡ
÷԰÷ûʢżм仨׺֦ͷ
߽÷԰۵һ÷ϣȴ˩˲һйᣬϸһʮ빬ʱͬ
ԽԽˣԺǵڹｫйڹҵ÷ϰɣαҪվ÷ǰй᣿׼õһĺݵС
еů¯ùеĺ͹÷֦ϣȻվԭر
÷԰еĺӣ˵һʹŰɫ÷Ķվһ÷£ôĵı֯йᡣ
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ҽйе÷һŴѩ÷԰һ÷ѩˡָѾͨ졣
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ŶʲôƴǵȤ
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ǻϺСӡĶ˵һ
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ʣǿ߰ɣ˹ΣȻһľ棬ɴߴٵ
šƴǵͷһ֮󣬾Ÿ÷԰ȥ
㲻ȥͻ˵˵𣿡ϴ߹ʱɻš
ȥɡǵĵƺЩ
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÷԰÷ϵйģƴͣ½Ųתѯ
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ŵϰ𣿡ƴǱĴ΢ʵ
ǣֻڸԼҵѣ檸ˡûж˵ʲôת뿪ˡ
ʣ˭ѽ˵СѾʹˣܶ๬Ů̫ҲϵãΨͻȻðİĺܡ
֪УʹҲֻƴǡֻԼĵ֮⣬Ķūš
ȻðһӣȻĺܡ
ƴЦЦʺޣ檣ͨ׶ĸһ
ʣĸ󳤵ôƯһֵĺóգΪʲôҪ檰Ҳûĸÿƴ仰ȻЩˣֱɿƴǵ֡
Щ飬ȫƾԸȥͱҩһǵȵһ㹻ǿǿ󵽿Լ顣ƴǲûи˵̫࣬˸С֣÷԰ȥ
һ󺮷紵÷֦ϵйĲһŵĶƽһĨ޵ɫһ˿
Сѩչһӭ׵Ķ鴵ţֵĳһСԺȥòٺͯ׷׷ϡΧۡ
ҼСѾ˵˲ޣСѾվſڣŭĶӭ׶
˵꣬һλϲϲͻеϣүǳ˴ǮССţպҲǻСõģ޵˻үٻ޳жòģСҲسȥ˸Ǯˡ
ҹҼС˵˲޾ǲޣҼСԸȥ˸٣ҲԸ޸үС檣ǻүˣȻҪţ۲ݡСѾһǰϲҪǿнŸϡ

571 Ҳ

571  Ҳ
СѾͷ˵үǴˣԭҲһֱãСǼ޹ȥүСţүÿĵģ˵ƷȥˣͰСˣΪҷˣպүļŮҪТС㡣ϲ˵ǰĶСѾڵȵүһ죬СǷļҲҸῡӣҪж١
СѾ⣬Խ߳ŭˡ
ϲһѾͷȰֱӾӲˣԸļҶȥ
ϾүǸһʲƵýŷѣҪȢȥǮò
ǸʲôȥҶͽСѾƿˣžֱ䣬ȥӰ
С㣬ǷſҼС㣬ǻûˣСѾĽţȻΧ濴ֵҲֻľȻĿţûһվ˵һ仰
ſңҶ˵ҲޣҶѾץסӰһһҵĽӰСѾǰ
ˣӰ֮ǰ°¥ʱֲûźˣαʱװŮȥү𣿡ϲ߹һɫϲӰͷϡ
㿴һŮ˼ңûˣɻʲôģ޶ûطޡ
ſңſңҲޣӰţһδֻŮӣЩҶĶ֣ôȴѲǵ
ͷϵϲѵˡ
ڿҪǿϲεʱӰΧֵʱȻȺпһĨϤĮӰ
˫ֻأĮĿһУ۵һ㲨ûУƾֻڿһϷһ㡣
Ҳޣſҡſҡ
С㣬С㡭
ĽΧһڿֵԵô;
ȻΧ۵˶ֻͨƽնѣȨֵܹ֮ġ
еĺͬ飬еҲΪӰѹҲеһ˿ݣ뵽ԷǼҪүӭŵС檣ȴҪЩԲů˺̫ˡ
˾ҲվһԿš
Χ۵ĺǣȻ⾿ʲô
С㣬С㡭ǷſҼС㡣СѾαҶƿǰȥҶ
СѾҪҪӰĺۿм˻ƣֻֽסϲεĽθܡ
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ңҽһˣ͸ߡҶҲǿȰӰϲˣһ¾ûκ
ѸתԺȥ
ӰɱܰѾ߿ɻأϲ͸ȥ
Ӱһ»ĻӳóȻЩܳţΧеѾǧӰˡ
ӰǴҪȥĶϲżӰֳȺȥæϼҶ̸ȥ
Ӱ˳ǧղȥķ׷ȥȻһڣǧıӰ
ӡӰţ۽һƬͨ죬ͿĨһ֬㣬ΪܵüԵʣȥһƬŨɫ
ǧͣת˫Ӱܱ䣬ĮͷûʶӰһ㡣
ĻӰܵǧǰеĻǧĻС
ˡǧȴ˺һĮĵ
ӰϽǻȥϲŴżҶ׷
Ӱһ˫űӭǧ⣬˶촽˵ҵ죬һλƯĹҹңңʲôҸˣȻ˵Ұһæ˵һܼįˣܹ¶һײӽˣҶ˵˵˵ǸĮǺģֻҪܹ߽Ǹ˵ģҾܹˡ
˵ҼȻȥǸط˵ܹŮһ̸ۼ޵ģȻˣǰһʵˣΪʲôҲԼһᡣ
ǧݵ⣬һƬӰĵӰ˵ȥ
ǣҸҶǸһûиоҲȥֺˣ
λ˵ҲҪֺãҾˣϲʲôҾȥˣÿȥʲôӰ˵ЦЦֵһȥˣҲ֪Ҫʲôˣ͸ңҿڻһЩ£̻ңȥһĶϰ˺ܶ飬ڻˣǲλﻭĺá

572 ȫ֪

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˵ӰʹóǸѾѹЩĻӣ滭һ̬СƹŻӵĿٷСƹѿ죬ڲԭţβҡţСƹӲݵܽһԺȻһͷ˵һţһѽӻУӵðŴ̵ļңӰӰ´´ǰһλͦŶӵŮվò
ӵòȴԿǧģ
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һܺõ˰ɣʵ̫ˣºϽı黹Ҫ䣬Ҹ˵飬ˣҲڻˡӰ˵ͽеĻȫǧĻУ֮Ȼתȥ
ȻǧȴסӰֱۣеĻҲʹһء
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Ӱȥ˼ʱϲżģͷԸļҶ
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㡭㡭ϲŻҪ˵ʲôǧеһ¼أϲŲѾһѪۡ
Ҫ˵ʲôϲһ¾ͱƸŵˣ̾ͺµĵͷżҶˡ
ӣαأȵһʱܹһˣүӰû¶ٸм飺֮ǰĺýã˻үҵĺôԲŻὫҴ°¥нӳҸҰլԺҹǧСϰźԣ°¥ܵӣҼֲ˶á
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ԣ㻰ԽԽˡֻȴֻ˵ôһ仰湬ʲôȥֻҪҾС
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ԺŰɡֻûж⣬ԹԵĳԺȥС̫Ҳθųȥ
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Уз硣˵Ǳȥмɽŷ硣
ţǶָֻ˰죬ֱȥƵĶվһԵǧµϸ꣬ôҪˣһҪ߶߶Ȼʱ򲻺
»˵ġǧ߱Ŀڡ
ں˲ֻЩȣ漴һЦʲôˡ
Ҫ֪飬ǧҲûгǰܵúڣȻȻľΪˡ
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573 һҪΪԼ

573 һҪΪԼ
һʼڻӰݷǱˣȴû뵽ӰȻֻˡ
˵һ仰˵ƻǸö˶ƻҲϲƻҾǲϲˮ㲻ҪΪţǿƻǿңǽƻ˷ʳСǧĮ˵ţת뿪ˣΪ֪޵飬Ϊ˽ʵʲô֪
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ǾӦˣȻҲнϼңǧ¸ƴߣ֪˶ٷˣģֱӾʹϼҵĿ׳ֻҲǣΨһҲֻϼˡ
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οַǳʱڣԼԼ鲻ô򵥡
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С㣬Ȼ㵱ԸŻϻصҳΪĻʺӦȫģҲǧ²ֻʲôСΪˣϲԸ˵˵֪αҪ֪أݷ㷴οֻ˵ˣҲŻ϶壬ṼģһˣΣǻ𣿼ǸʱҳˣкˣֻҪˣʹˣ˵һһġ
ʵҾãܽƽܰͦõģ򵥵ģûйĶǣûпµģҲûôෳĵ飬ͦõģҺϲ
де֣ССеиĺôֺҶϲҪǸԼһˣǺܼ򵥵һ죬ΪǸ˵ĴڣŻøȤֻݷ仰ȴԵ˵ôһ仰
ЦЦ˰ɣҶˣҾҼȻΪƴǵӣȻҲӦöƴ˺õΪ飬ҲϣõǵһϿɣοһǧõݡڿֻҪƴǵĻʺͿˡҲȥܣ
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áݷͷҪת뿪ʱȴǺͣ½ŲˣС㣬˵ļˣϣĽҵּҵһӶԴĽҵֳߵܵܣʲô¸˵ίһֻ
һ仰ݷһ°θߣԵø֣أ۾Ƶֻ
ֻݷ仰¶һĨЦݣС㣬ңֻԽԽã˽ұԽԽƴһεľǸ˵ģʧĻҾڶλᣬһ뿪ܽȥ˾һӣҪԼȥΪһЩⱲӵĴ껪
áݷͷһ˫ųݰЦݣǴĵһ⣬ůġ

574 װ

574 װ
Ʈѩ˵ڶʳǶװװعδ빬öĹŮѩһСѩˡ
ʱȴһ˫СſٵĳȥˣСӽҪȥ棬ѿˣСӵˮҺù·ˮСӸڻѾк͵ȥˡ
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ܹҩСҩƬˮȥˣ
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Ըںǽֻ֣նû϶ǻϱˣ
˵ţͼһ멵ƴǣ˿ȻɽĳֻԺˡ
һ㶵ĿţΪԼˣҲÿûڣȻͷҪˡ
أƴǿԾȵ飬ǹһĨЦ
أū澽ȥͨһ
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Сʲôʱˣһȥġֻڲʱ򣬾ȥС㣬ҲȻҪǧ»߾褹ȥġ
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϶ǴӦ˵ģ˵ǻعˣŮɾͼŮˡֻվةʢһ뼦ȤĵϸϾҪˣʱȻϣߵġ
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ֻԤϵˣֻҪ͵ƫƧɽߡ·Զĵطûκᾭ˵ǿ϶ġ
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޷߿ģҪصϾһʺĽ㣬˿϶вʡֻɫȻ˵Żš
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583 Сʲôط

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ϸֻ꣬һ͢Ļ󹬵飬ôܹ֪ҸҲ֪ҴԵ飬ҿ϶²У̫Խˡҡҡͷ֪ĲǴӱ˿Ķѡ
ǹһˣһֲܴͬ汾ĴԣԽԽš
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μѪʣ͸ˣȻϣикȥġ
磬֪֪ʲôʱܹס
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ᡣ·϶ĵŮŮҸ磬μҵĵճӣк鹣Ρ
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˵ʱǿ׳ΪĸʱӪȫˣֱ׳ΪԺȻҪеһ
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СڻʹʱҾһϣС㲻ڻʹˣΪλҪƺΪϣݷЦһ֮ҪӲ
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ݷǰÿһ
鰸ϰŽ׵ֽƴְǰʣʷԾݷʱƴͷҲû̧ɫרעдš
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˵ʲôݷһīüʮֵʹСһôã㲻˽СңԸңʱ򣬲ҡ
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СԲңұȥҴС㣡ݷһʮֿ϶˵š
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ſڵֱֱסУǲܽģ⸾ӿѪ֮ء

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ѺӱߡֻרעҲ˲ϿǻͿʼϸ˿ڡֹѪȻơ
վ̫ˣɫˣŽӵϣĹĺӵƨɣȴûκεĶ
⡭⺢ûˡž˵
ȥøɾֽҪ͵ġϸڻԹȥ֪޾ģҲ֪ΣֻȸϸֹסѪžͽӱУһֱֽӤϣָѹӤ࣬˹
Ѿȥʱˣ¿Ƕ˳һѪˮüζҪȥǶةסˡ
󼱵ֻһȭһȭĴǽϣǺϸ껳Уӡ
Ҫǲӣʲô鶼ûС
ۡһĿͻȻӲд
ˣˣة༤˵
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ϲǸСүԭѾûϢˣӲǱȻˡλҲǾʮֵ棬֮ʮֵļ
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ҺǶ죬󽵵˿ڸȾ񻯵ķգֻһеʱվվˣоһ˲䣬ȫеһ㡣
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Ѿߺӽʰ֮ºͳĽ˽ةǱŸճӤ˽һĵǡ
ֱĽٸϸ֮ȷȶ󣬼˲ųһ
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ôðյķʱùҺ滹˳ˡĽ׵ЩͳԼкܶഫţΪйҪа
ϸԶҪһİˡ豸ȫõߣ֮ǰⱸµģգǿ϶ǻ̵ġ
ַѾˣʱԴһңȻѡһΪϤķȥʲô룬º᲻̡
ĸƽʲôҪĽȴЦЦ
ֻͷϸ껹ڻԵУȻҪ徻֮⣬ʰö֮Ȼͻرˡ
Ϊ֮ʹŲԸӵģӣԺҲ̫ˡĽһֻȥֻ˳ָȻĴϡ
ֻȴҡҡͷʲôЩרŸţĲ࣬ҲǸ֪ůƺѾϰΪˣŮֻһߣӲҪģǵְòºӡ
ҪڸƴһŻĲأ
Ů˲ʹµðΣΪǸ˲ºӣǸ˴ʼնûǰֻйԼһˣǸ˺ͼȫ˼ںϡ
ɱġ
ӣҲÿΪ˭
˵Ҫºӣڵһ˲ȥӵĻֻ˵ϸǼ޴ˡ
Ȼһϵеı֣˵ϸûм޴ˣĶˡ
´ʼе˼żϸϣӳʲôûһۡ
ҪˣعƴѾöûмˣʱǰ߶أĽٸֻ֮󣬾ջ֣֮Цţһ˵š
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ʦǺܶ࣬ǸֻϲİĽζ˵ţ֪ƴûдŸ˵ÿǣСţܵ湬ȥһȦ
ȥ𣿡Ͼ˸ӦǺܸмİɣҲǸˣóαװĻҲӸ֣ⷽȡøΣȻԺƴǵĻҲˣҲ˳ƴǱչֳһĸ
ƴǺܳһ׵ġ
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Ľ׵ЦЦֽŵȻƴǲȥӽģҲԻ϶żҲԾĲ̫ÿζں̫ܶ¡
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һΪΪ̫ˣøӽƴǣȻˣڶԼ˵иӣǺûˣȻϲҪĺӣȻʮַˣôһ̵£ȻȻΪϳʹӶȡλáĽ׽ǰ˵һ¡

587 ж

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ֻЦ˼ЩƴǶûи˵
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湬Ǳһ˺֪ܶ顣
Ҳ빬ʱĬĬ˲ٵŬ
ʲôʱعĽ˵ϣžͿԵʲô鶼û𣿡
ƴǣҺαȥһţعϷǰ
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Ľû˵ʲôҲǸֱӣȻˣҲ˵ʲôˣֻϣܹƴǣܹ´ãò˶õġ
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ҪٸһɣĽȴǰӣֻ֡
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Ľϸϸĸֻһ£һεʱһεҪüͷ΢ţ㡭ˮһ𣿡
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ƴֶ᲻дȾķգȻֻ뵽ʲô
Ľֻ仰ŵ΢΢£֮ջ֣Ƭ̲ŵȻˣұ˵ɣȷʵЩ֢״ܸƴйء
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˵˺֮ܶǰû˵ĻҲ֪Σͷѡϣӵġ
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ĽĲºϸθ飬ΪѾӵˣĽƽݶѡ
ƴǲǻϣֻ˭ҹӸ磬ûôȲѺΣ룬һñҸ
㣬һε飬ҿԶ벻£һ±ˣϲ˱ˣɻһС檣Ҳ뿪ΪҺùûм˵Ҫˣһö࣬㣬ңһܲˣϸֻҪʵľ
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ҾͲţһ֮⣬㲻֪ķĲҽɣֱֻԲ˵š
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ֻϺɴ˳ȥһƬװعѩŵһ÷ޡ
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תҪ뿪
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ڲǧȴǺܹ˵Ȼ˴ȥ￴Сѩ
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ټǧٲȻ֮ǰ衣
ھȥҲҸϸ˵һµĿǧֻɨһۣǲûо쵽ʲô
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ڲԶĹϣʹͷ幤ʮֵİš
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ƴֱ̧ͷеӸžվ
檹ͻϡʱһƴǲûпһۣ;ֱĬ뿪ˡ
ƴǳ湬֮󣬶ƿص޲߽ⶼˡ
ƴ뿪ķ򣬳һٲȻһ־ڱصõӡ
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ΪʲôҪң

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ƴǡҲҪֻһ˵ƴǵĻУǱʲôסһʮֵܣǼġ
𣿡ƴǽֻڻУɤߵš
Ҵû㣬ֻҪҸҸ㲻ˣҲϣиܹ㡣ƴǵĻܲҸ

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ƴԽô˵ֻȴԽܡ
ˣ˵ˣϸĺ˭ұȥģ߲ƴǲֻʣ㽫ˣĻϸĺ΢ˣͱòã
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ǽδʵ
ô죿ȻԽֵĺáֻܶôңͷ۾ͻɱ
޲źá
ϣƴȻЪδ빬ģСʤ»ɣһΣ˵ĸ鵹Խ
Ȼܣֻ˯ƴǻк˵£ȻоޱȵҸ
ƴǾܺƣˣȴǿֻ˵
ֻҲƺˣ㲻˵ˣûһƴǾȵĺ
Ȼĺˡ
ƴǵĻУǿľȻҲ֪ʲôʱ˯ȥˡ
Ϊֻصƴˡ
ڶգֻѵıƴǻ磬ҲͷһεİƴǸ¡
ѽԽԽĸˡֻƴǸ£ƴҲʱʱ͵Ϯ¡
ˣҽϽһºˣ֮һȥ˯ֻЩմմϲԻȥ˯ƴȴԡ
ֵҲͦ۵ġ
ͨˣܹأʲôʱʲôʱ
ˣ͵صʱ򣬹Ա壬ҲԺһˡƴֻıǼһ£Ц뿪ˡ
ֻһŽŲëձϣҲֻǴһ˿˯⣬˵ů͵ĺܡ
ɻ˴˯
Ҳû˯ãƴȥϳ󣬾͵ɹ밲ʱˡ
Ȼһʱ䵽ˡ
ιǰʾʱΪǻ˻ȥ
ֻȴš
Ժ͹ֶЩ죬ڴе仰֮ҲЩȣϸҲǡ
ֻǶȻкܶ໰Ҫɡ
ѾҴһУֻƴԽ˵ǿһˣǿС
˭֪֮ȻһɱȻƴ湬
Ƶʱֻһˣŭ˰ɣ
ڲ𣿡ֿŻڱ˯ŵֻʵ
˯˵ǹȲˣȥˡʱɱƴǰ״˵
ǡֳȥ֮󣬾ֽһ˵
ȻϻᣬЦݣʱأκδܱ̬ǧ̬
ĸ¸ĸ¡
ȻȴһЦֻڸƽء
Ҳûʲô£ȥҲţδ빬ˣδ빬ĲҪ湬Ĳá
ֻһΣֺƴǴһȻ˯ˣϲڱţڵĺܣͬʱ԰һ¡

592 ÷

592 ÷
ֱֻ𴲵ʱ䣬ڲԺ͹ֵź£¡ϴױͻȥ˰ʱʱ䡣
ȻҪš
ȥЩĳǴºױڣҲˡ
ȵЩȫŪõʱ򣬲ѾִʮӣѾʱ
һǸļΪõأǸţҲҲһֱȵڲԺ͹ֵĲ£̬ǧ߳
檸ʺ밲ֻһһ߳ʱšǫ͵ЦݣȻȴѸٵĻһĨ
ֻһܶ߰𣿾ȻֲֶΣ͹ɵţΪ檻˵ʲô
ֻ֮ǰֻҪͲ㣬ǻʱʱΪʺְȨѹʹӡ
ƽɡֻҲǵһεʺҲ֪ʺʲôӵģִĻʺ󿿾ˡ
лʺվڶĲصϣſڵģ˵ʺ⼸岻ʣ֪ɺЩˣ
õúܣɺȫˣֻӹԶ˹裬Ʋǣ˵š
лʺ檵Ѿȫˡ΢΢˸ǫ塣
ʺﲻڹЩӣһֱŻʺʺﲻδ빬϶δ빬УϺͻʺٳԵ˵ţϸüҫŵĽĹâ
ϺԲһܱȵġֻû˵ԱߵĲԵȿ˵ˣЩС⡣
æ˲һ˵ֵ˲죿
졣ֻһ۲ԣ˵һ䡣
һ㶣ȻЩš
ûй̺ܽߵĹˣЦˡֻյ̲˵ţž˽Ըȥ
Ȼ±ƺͲŵ״ֻ̬֮ǰô˺ܶ飬ȴûб
ȴ
ֿһֻɫûȥȰ
ˣǲǳ˵ʲôЩϻ̳Ͽֵվ
Ȼǹ鲢޲֪飬ԺЩͲ߱ˡֻӣЦЦ
ǣǳ檶ˡֻҪͷԵʱ;λֻٲȻǰһˡ
ǽãֻḧŪһ´СĴָϵľ»ף°ɣлҪ˵
ʺ뽲šϣɫԡ
ֻĿԵĶϣԺ밲ͻŮɣͲ뵽ˮ顣
ǡɫԵĻشûʲôú£ǵġ
᲻ﱾŶҩιԣֵֻ֪¶ǲʹġ
ʺԼ˼һʺҲΪ롣
Ư˵Ǻ˿˵Լ顣
Ǳã檵ǵΪ»뱾أϾ˵ǽҩҲȫȻǳʲô£ҪﵽͷϡֻЦȴֲʧϣ΢΢¶ľѡ
˵÷԰÷Խˣ֪п㱾ȥ÷
ȻȻͬվǺϲ˵ţȻȴԽԽ䡣
ֻ֮ǰ̫ˣܲͲȴȻҪһͬȥ÷
Īֻˣ
Ҳðʱɵƴǿֶֻж
ʱ÷԰е÷˪ѩţδ߽һɵϮΪϮˡ
ͬʱһԲΪ۵ļ÷˩˺ɫйᣬźҡҷƮš
һۿȥͦϲģֻ÷ԶģҪľ÷Կຮڣ÷ϱЩϲйӵţԵӹޱȡ
ֻ΢΢üѹ˵ϽЩӲԸ÷԰÷ˣǰѩʱʱİѩ÷ΪÿǻҲûĪŵķף
ֻ֪÷򵥣ⲻյ÷԰Ϳʼˡ
ȻǣֻǳԽձ֪һ빬ƺոһյӹⲻǳ檴¼šӶѣûʲô⺬壬ǻʺﲻϲĻȥ
ôУ˵йᶼֱ֯ȥģôȥˡֻæֹЦȥɣϾйᣬ򸣣ƽùȥֱһӶˣ򸣡ƽأ

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Ժ󰡣ǾӿాͶൽߣͱ˵˵١ʲôһӹÿĺܡֻе˵ţŻ׵ð֡
Цʱ³һŰɫǻŵɣ
ô᣿֮ǰһֱãˣǸСƤܣҲͳԵʱŻ뵽һδ빬ĵĺܣ飬ԺӶǻἫȤģֺαÿðź絽÷԰йˣӲŹãҪԼӡֻЦתһЩ˨й÷
ǣȻʺﲻӳ鷳ǳպÿ춼δ빬˵˵ֻһʢȴӣȻûоܾĵ
šֻ̺ĴǱȻȥˣ㽫Щйˣǵô԰һŲ˵аʮʷͽ̳ȫҵ԰ǿȥɣҲΪǳˡ
ŶˣЩ÷ǻ˴ӸģʱмǼǵòҪЩǶŪˡ
ֻЦ˵꣬ļת뿪ˡ
ʺǹġֻߺ󣬶ҧߵ˵
ɫѾֻȥıӰ۾һ߰㣬ޱȡ
žֽĿתǼű˨̳÷÷ûĻԴ÷֦ͷֱ
÷ˣֲüҲû취֦ͷȡΨһİ취ǽõ̳ˡ
Ȼ⻹㣬ȫҵ԰ǿŴϣǴ֦ɿҪ÷֦Ҫ׳ˡ
˼÷ϵ̳֮󣬻Ҫ¸ƵǿŴϡ
ǹ
ֻǳˣǳȥȡˣЩĸȡζԸֵµҡ
Ŵ˵
Ҫȥ˵ɣֱ̫ˣһʺߵʱ̫˵ǲģʵǼල
һ˽̳ˣ¸Ƶ԰ǿŴסϡ
Ͱջʺ˵ģһ˲𡣡£ڴе¶˾ġ
ΪͻȻҪʹԣָֻĬĬš
ˣӺױãǲԣôĶ֪ҳȴǸҳŲġ
òӣ㲻ôԲأ
ֶΣòԼؽȥ
˵ǣūҲû˴̫ء
ش򣬱ˣֻȴǵȻҲ̣û취
ǶԲԵһֱ
Խݲԣ˺ԡ
Ѿͷʲô
ǲ֪ն
ǡ֮ǰһֱΪֻûʲôĻǸȴû뵽˵˼ǡ
ÿ»϶ȥ湬ΣżʱҲȥѹ᲻ᡭҲǹеˣҲˣѵֶΣ˵
˶óǳô湬Ǳˡ
߻ϣֻȴЦˡ
ϾҲһֱûʹ
ġֻǲ͸˼λᣬԼװһ踺صˣ֮ڲûϷ֡
ʵһ·ģֻ¸ĻҲֶ̣ҲӸ߳һ
ҪܵƴǱȥȥˣᣬ϶ЩȻ󲻾ƴǷ֡
ӦӦԵķˡֽʵ
ûУ˭֪Ǵˤأǹ⽫ָŪأֻѹҲûҪȥôһ˵ġ
ֻҪƴվһ߾С
С㡭ֻ̤δ빬ݷӰǰϣϲűֻɨ˺üۣƺڿûˡ
ôˣղֵ𣿡ֻݷ첽ĳȻ֪û뵽ô졣
ֵСعˣҾ̸ϹˣֻҪܿС㣬౻һٺˡݷ˵š
ǹеôְܹأЩˣǵпҰɡֻ֪ݷ飬ȴݷϽ뿪
ˡݷȻԸ⣬һ˫һұӣֻϣԸеĴţŵЦ⣬һž黨ڴȻŰ㣬зҷ
Уȥֻȴ˵š

594 㱨

594 㱨
ݷֻ֪һ¶ı飬ͲκأҲٽ֡
ھߣֻǴС㣬ԺӦò빬˰ɣҪ빬ĻҰɣ
ˣҾʹʹֻ֪ݷĻɫҲһ
Уˡݷ˵ͷ˼ͣ½Ųǲʲô񱻷ˡ
̫ˡĻֻû˵
ݷ˵ͷţʺ
ԼķУڱпޣƽʱҪõĹŮҲһȰš
ֱֽһЩŮż˸뿪
Դӱ̧ͷվſڵֻţ޷ӶɢūʲôǲﲻҪūˡ
дŨصĿǻ
ԣûʲôֻﲻǸǻʹ֪ΪҺãҲǿЩֻܷڶ˵ġֻߵǰŲԱĺ׵ҲЩۡ
ū֪ˡԼֻûвҪеίҲ˲٣ū´Ҳ˵ˡ
ʱͬգǱģȴҲֻбһˣյҲˣҶѾļıʶˣ˵պҲһ棬ҲǱ̹ĹŹˣ˭֪һϾȻˡֻյ˵ȴһƬƽ
Ϊʲô
գһںڵӿֻΪǸֶΣĻģȻҲܽˡ
ǱǱȲϻʺģֻ˵̫гǸֶˡ
ǣڿᣬţȫǼٵģǾһߣҶôҪһ֪ʧ٣̫ˣ֪߾һѾߣϢϢˣҵʱʬѾˣĲӬΧ棬ΪʲôΪ˲ġ
˵˲˵ģǲʹصǾԲŹģϲϣȴãǾ仰˵ƮƮģȴ֪ɱж󣡡ֻĳ˵š
ԵˮٴλĵɤһƬɳƣū澵Ĵͽ̹ūڹҪУū澾ǲҲǲϲǸԾǸūû뵽Ļôն񡣡
ֻһԭЩί˲ͿˣΪãҲΪ˱
̫ˣʲôﲻ鷳
ֻ޵ģ̧۽ǵˮˣˣֻҪҵĿľͺãȵ׵֪ĳʹ㣬ҲôˣҲ㱨ˡ
˩÷ϵ̳ȫˣȻ˩԰ĴȥأЩ̳˵һٸˣһȥ⺮µģ֪Ҫأֻ˵ˡ
ǡô۾ȴǵǵʵ
ҶôʹЩСֶλǻģ»ὫҵĺޣתƵƴǻݷ㣬Ҷô¾
ū澲ֻҪ￪ľͺáʾ
ֻȴҡҡͷҲˣʹ֪óĹŮԣǻڻʹźҵĻòҪǰˡ
ѵԺ󶼲ū澽ź𣿡
ţͺĴŮźҡֻЦЦվⲻǸɵġ
ǻ΢ģǾ֪ʱʲôˡ
Щʧ䣬뵽ֻΪãֻ˵ͷ
ʲôֻȴע⵽¶һӡ
æסؿڣæҡͷ΢ûʲô͡Сָһ֬۶ѡ
𣿸ƣ⵹ֻЩû뵽
Ծͽڲϵ֬۸˳֬۱ůȺģǸܾµۣ֬һҲֵ˶Ǯۣ֬֬һûãһͲˡ
Ȼ㣬ﲻãȻݷ㿴ģǲȴǵ˱
ūҲòšɫˡ
ոСû
ֵ˵ͷǾվ⣬û
ҲôǱӡ
ǸŮӶԳúÿкûʲôֻֿȤ˵䣬ȻݷֻĵģǸ°ʱһͲ֪öԶԷġ

595 һȥ湬

595 һȥ湬
˵ʲôأūԼûʲôǰûȷʵİֻѵ֪뷨ҲֻܷԺˣԶʵ֡
ˣŮһģյסϾСûʽܾ㣬ܻһ˿ڴĲҲֻС˵ˣĲܹջֱֻӵ˵
ͲʶԽãҲԽ֪Ժݷ㲻һϵˣ˾ƽߣԶн
ֻȥȰˣҲΪãԽԽСѺáЦݣΪǶкøС
ū澲ȥģū澾ͦõģСū澵ĸһԵʹͷȻȥ
ǽС浱ɸҲԣֻǡǧҪĺòŶԡֻҲ˵ʲôˣòԺúϢ뿪ˡ
ⲻҲЩǻһɵĹ֮ˣβʱ򽫼ƾͼƣһԹӣϹڱʲôϷһ־̾һ
ˣ˻ɵһһҲͦõġֻҡҡͷǧǿвҪľǲûĻ
ֻԵļ򵥺ûĻѾʺźˡ
ľ͸СһʱܵطС
ū澿ﵹòռ˰ɣΪʺԵʣԲӸϴŮģ˵Ůѵա
ֻҲ뷨ֻǲС㣬ͻȻָһŻ£Ȼǻѹġ
С㽫¸˵ｫС˵
ҹŨīŨôҲһµĹҹС
ջȥȥˣƴһɫ߽ĿֻȻһܹǰʹͷڵҡ
ˣֻͷҲû̧ʵˣȥ𰡡
ָʲôƢ뷢йͷйɣƴҲΪΣߵֻ˳ָĲŪ˼¡
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ģҲûȤֻƳһƴǡ
óƴǺʵ
ȻǵİѾ˵ˣû¾͹ҹﵯ٣ʲôġ
ƴ⣬Цһ£㡭Ǻˣ
ôˣºһ黭ôˣ֮ǰֻǺܲЩȤĺܡ
˵ѧüãȻΪ
أƴֻ˼
䣿ô䣿ֻЦһ
ʹ˳۵ָк
ϲܴҲҪʱʱȥģףʲôң
һϵĽ
㻹ΪǱĻƴֻ˼
ǱĻôˣô÷԰̳᣿ûһղ꣬Ǹ˾Ӧûȥˣ˸𣬲
أһ޲ҹ̳ȫ˵ļƣøʲô˺ðʲôģҲƴǰˡ
ƴҲ˵һֻ§ֻһֻϲţҲãǼٵҲգֻ֮ǼϷֲֵĻҲֲˡ
ôǱϢˣ
ĿǰûУˣƴǿһƬأǳҫӳֻ޵ݡ
˵£ҵлҪ˵δ빬湬ҲԶģȥģҲͦ۵ģ磬´ȥ湬ʱĴҺˣֻŤͷƴһЦ۾ǻЦ
ƴϷӸǱ߿Ѷƴֹˮ
аʱ򿴿ǲֹˮ
Ҫʲôƴǿֻ۾ɣĴҲ¶һĨЦ
ܸʲôʲôɲ˰ֻգ۾޹˵ţҲ֪Ķûߣ˯Ű
ƴ򴽣ȥ湬ȥǿɾ˼ˡ
͸δ빬һʲôǼ򵥵ദܰĿģòǰƴ
Ҫףƴһ𾿾жٻĲġ
СƴǵͷӦ
һ磬ƴ糯֮󣬹־ˣһֱ𵽰ҹŻȥһĹʺ밲ˡ
ȥϢɣ̳һʮʮˣҪ˳ɸ̫ҽȥʲôطģʱΣֻ˵ͷ˯˵ˣ֪ʲô۶ӳ

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596  С̫
ֵ֮󣬾˸ȥˡ
ȵ湬Ⱥˣôͻˣ
һͷһĨ⣬žһ
ȥҩɡ
Щ֣ﲻ㡭
ˡ̫ҽ͹ˡҡҡͷֻͦ˽ģ֪Ҫʲô̡
һֱʱ䣬Ž˩÷ϵ̳ˣҪ½̳˨ڴ԰ϡ
ƴ湬Ȳʱ䡣
ȥδ빬갲ֺ˵֮ȥ԰˩̳ˣҲû뵽ֻȻط˲ԣǰ˵˵ѡ
ֻĵҪˡ
ʱˣһԼͨ졢ѣؽڻЩ֣ͲصС
ƴÿĶ׼ʱģһֲ࣬һҲ٣ȻߵҲ׼ʱ
ÿƴǾǰű߿ŻִһĬĬĿš
һվŷ衣
檲μϡź޶߽˸
ţȥ԰̳ģʺ˵㲻ƴǿеδ̧絭˵һ䡣
ϣ檿óʺ֮ǰ̳˩˩νģҲûʺЩҲףûġ΢ʹͷһ˵ĸϣлһЩȻ
ʱһ̫Ų˽ȻĶ˹ȥʵƴǸǰ˫졢־Ҳ¶˳ҪϽպȥδ빬ɡ
ˣϽյÿգ湬Щʱ䡣ϸȴС̫Ŀ˵
ֻ̧ͷ¶һ޵òֵôˣΪ̳𣿡
ǾȵĿǰֻƺȻᴩ̫ƴһˡ
ʺ㡭ô
Ӿ龫ֵģϻض繬Ůȥ鷿أΪϲƴʱ̧ͷĴ΢ƺѾֲˣ嵭
˭ôأܵҵȤǲǣֱֻʵߵƴǸǰƴǰĲյͺһȫȻûĸµӡ
ֻǺƴݵһϷѣʲô¾ȥæɣҺƴ˵Сġֻ˵ţɣж֡
ԼԼˣԺֻƴȴҪֳһνӣ
ᣬͻʲô;˵ˣЩˣȥ˯תҪߡ
Ҹо⹬ĹŮҲ̫ˣֶѳˣߵĹŮôҲȥ̫ҽԺõҩͿĨҪʵڲоˣȥ̳ˣֻ֣ĵ˵š
̳ᶼ֮ǰ˵ģ檲;ϣⲻֹܹŮ檵Сʱ΢ˮ̳ܵˣĨҩ࣬¾ͺˡԼֲУƽִݵ˵š
ֻƴǰװˣ
Ѿŭˡռˣȴʲôûֳ
̳ҪվֱΪβڱˣڹҵȥʱһֱδڵƴǣҲ˵ˣڵͫĮ
ǰһû뵽أǲǽֱ̳ϸгһֻ˫ӣ
ƴǺֻϸü˶Ⱦһ㱯Цһ£ֱƴǵ۾Ϻͻʺóǹ⽫˫Ūģ
˵žͽе˳
ֵ̳ǣһ˵ֱӽ˩֦ϱƵĻεĽ򸣡ƽסֱֱãڹҵȥĻ򸣡ƽҲһʱģ紵ڵأǲġ
ʺԸ֤˵˰΢̧
ҵĻˣϾûϹ̳һͳûʲôĻڹȥҲȷʵܶˡƴڲ׵֣ƽ͡
лϵĹģֻҪϺͳ檲Ҫ᳼檾ͺã檡ֻһմӻʹгȥָɡֵʹͷµѸٵһĨԹݵĹâţȻȴҧš
ֻǹǰɣ
ҲףƴվǱߵģ

597 Զܵõƴǵ

597 Զܵõƴǵ
ֻƴ֮Ҳûзʲôż˻̧ͷ͵͵˵仰֮ͻһ΢Ц֮˾͸飬ʱһȺֻܰƴǷԼֻдֵ
Щ΢ȴĪĸһʮʺܰĸоµϸ꣬Ǵѩȼյ̿𣬸ů
ůζ벻ȥġ
ֻƴܣϸˮ飬ȴǸޣ
֮ʱ䣬ֻҪƴ湬ֻҲ˾ͰģȻƽĽδ빬ô湬Ҳˡ
ûʲô˵黰ɽ˺ĵŵԣֻм򵥵顣
ƴ湬ޣֻҲվɰС̫
ֹϵһ㲻ңҲ㣬ʮֵĺƽ
Ȼ˵ȴһĥֱҪĥķˣƫƫȴʲôֳܱÿζЦӭȻֳһ󷽵ӡ
Ϊһֻȹеһ㣬˵ͻᱬը
ϣƴ˯Ǽ乬ȥ˺ġ
һˮһ硣
˵ʮֵĶˣ˳Ȼ˵͸оһֻںݺݵĺҪϢ
ܲ˴湬͵͵˳һֱ÷԰ɪĺȴЩ
ʲôһӰͻȻ÷һ绪˫ȴҪĺ绹Ҫ䡣
֪֪£ֻҪƴ湬ָֻ߬͵תĨ÷£续ȥ
֪Ƕʲôʲôûһ飬һд֣ż˵˵һЦɫЩȻᣬÿһֶ͸Ъ˹
֪ʲô˼ңԶ֮ܲĸ飡ԽŨҵĸ飬ȱҲԽ࣬ӶҲ࣬˳ĻҲࡣ
Ũ֮ƽĸ飬żӲʯΪ֮ǰЩˣѽǵĽ˩һ
˶˽ģκʱ򶼻ȿԼȿǵǶԷԼ
㱾û취֮ĸ飡ݷ÷߳Ũīīɢڼͷ꿪庮÷˿ϣɫ¹޵գǴӻ߳һֻȻ֡
ݣͻǧ۲ŻȻԶ飬ûȽϣҼرȤһŮݷ䣬ԥ˵š
ݷô˵ͱŰѪԵģǱЩһģƴǱأ
ݷ߽͸ʴǵıҺƴǱȣǱģأ
ȥݷ۾һ´ǣ㵱Ϊʲôϲң
ǲϲСϲǺ«Ǻ«һݷ˵š
ƴǴСһֱµĳǳΨһĻӣĻϺͻʺеĳ谮ʲôȱʮ֮ǰδһۣ֪׾һӣû˻λԺ޹˼ɵĵѧȥһ飬ֱĻ巢䣬ɱĸףŵһ鵽࣬ΪƴǣֻҪֵ㹻ãͻϲ㣿
ݷ˵ЦһϧʶƴǵʱǣΪұǿ޵ʱ򣬼㵱ʶǻҲһװȵǿչʱ˻
ôƯôãô츴ɹȫΪ˻ҩ˵㣬ѡ˭
ˣңֻжãģס˶䣬ɫ쳣ʹŤ
Ǹ㣬Ҫƴϲ£ⱲӶܣôĻʱˣݷǲ̵ĵһУֻҪţԺƴߵˡ
ƺһˣݷ仰һЩϵļƺҲЩ
㵽ڻҪʲôĻͲҪңǻʹ㣬ҵðŶķգݷ͵˵ţҪԶܵõƴĵʵ
ֺγ֪ܹǱŻģϲƴǣȻҲϣƴϲݷȴĽһжͱˣĻֱѳӰ

598 һ

598 һ
ҪƴߵǸң¶˾ģƴһӶôֻҪܹƴ߾ͺˣһô˭֪ᷢʲôأ
Ͱ˵ȥݷ˵һ䣺ʲôһġ
㣬ÿ쿴ƴǺֻ罺һԽľ㱾þͲӦôڣѵҲ޶𣿡Ҳ밴ݷ˵ȥȣĵȡ
ÿοֻƴ˳ǰһĥǱצקţ޲ýֿŻһ
Ϊܽұܺö٣ݷ˫ĵֻۣ֪ϲƴǵʱһĸо綼
Ԩ׹»Ҫʹ
ֻһӶϲҲûϵֻҪܹһֱֻܽ򣬹Ű͵Ϳԡ
ǣƫƫƴǴˣеĻ붼Ӱ綼ˡ
еĻȥһ½򡣡ƴ§Żеֻƫͷֻ˵
ʲôУֻƴǵıϣȻƴǵ仰۵ʵ
㲻ҪҩƬ𣿡ƴǵЦһ¡
㡭㶼֪ˣֻһ¡
ֲϹӣÿƤͨţô᲻ֻ֪ܻΪԼõصˮ©ʵ֪ˡ
ʵֻҲ֪סƴǵģϾ֮ǰƴʱ򣬾Ϳҩҩˣֻû뵽ƴǾȻ֪Ǵ˺ðҩƬ
ûлҪ𣿡ֻƴû˵Ļˣ̧ͷգһ˫۾
ûСƴǺǼᶨĵκ飬Ҷ֧㣬˵ҩƬҪܹǾȼòĺ¡
ǣǡûзҩƬˣҩЧҲܺãȴױ棡ֻһֱյ顣
ôҩƬģܱãƴʵ
װڽյҩֱӸʱ䳤̵ܱ꣬һꡣֻͷ۵飬ҩƬΪ˷Яģڼгġ
Щҩֻܱ죬ʲôãֱĻɱȽҩ忪ø鷳ˡ
˯ɣȥ˵˵˵а취ƴ룬ʹֻйĻѧ⡣
Ǻ˽һµģǰɡֻȴ˵˵ĶﶼûУҲû취͡
⼸ǧĿȣĺܴ󰡣
šֻ˵ͷҲˣϾʱ仹̣һЩҩﲢȫա
а취
ƴǣͽ򲻻뾵ǲԺһֱڳֻ⣬֮ǰߵʱ򣬽ͽûиһ
ڻʺʱȴˣԭΪͣͻߣڵгסĴ㡣
ȥֻǲڣƴڵͫһƬīôҲ
ֵݷ壬һ±δ빬
ֻҲ֪ݷջѾò׼һЩݷ㰮Եĳʳ
ȥб𣿡ֻҧһӣݷüͷ˿϶մȾų˪һ㵭İס
šݷ˫Ȳ裬һ֮ŵ˵ͷʮӣںˡ
мСˣҪڹﵱֵ𣿡
ţҪģÿԺʹСһ̻ݷ˵ͷ֮桢а˵š
Ҹ˵˵ȹʱ͹һҹֻݷ㴽ǵЦ⣬糤׺͵˵š
ģݷ۾ųһĨĿĹ
ȻˣȻһؼԲʱȻҪһҹˣʲôʱ褻˵ġ
áݷһСӰ㣬ЦЦȸⴿ
С㡭
ţ
òǸŮӣ
ܺðܹɣҲȻ˵ʱɵ˵ݷƺ˽ֻΪλͻȻ⣬شҲ̹ϡ
ϱôֻ°ͣš
ݷЦһ£С㣬ԺܺãȢһҿչһӣҲչһӵˣǲչ˲ҡ
ֻͷҲҲǣǲһˣֻĵһŻҸ
ȻС㶼֪ﻹң
κ鶼ҪȷһһԲأֻȤţһȿˣѲԼ޳ȥԵʺڻʹ

599 ȫշ

599 ȫշ
ѵǡΪ𣿡ݷȴǳĬһ£֮ʵ
ֻЦЦ׻˵Ůһ̨ϷΪʲôҺ㡭ӦöԸ˽һЩǡ
ô˵أҲͦģݷȴ˵ôһ仰
ֻЩĿݷ㡣
ô˵أֻǼһӣܶ鶼ܾģΪһֱɼһֱҲ֪ʵʲôԣ﾿ʲôֻʲôҲС㣬ģֻҪڣǾԲ˺ġݷұÿ˫һ국۵һһµ䡣
ɫܸӣּȺȴ־ĸо
ֻҲûڶʣùһЩݷ֮󣬾뿪ˡ
Ӷƽһʹ밲ȻÿֻҲδ빬죬߻١塣
ֻһֱǸŮֻΪة಻Ҫֻ̫ҫۣԲſĶЩ
ҲһֱΪֻ黭ȴû뵽Ȼ֮ãΪȡ
Զ֮ϡ
ܿҲ׹ֻٱĸκηҪ㡣
ִֻ֮ѣЩ·²壬Ǵȴʮֵ˺ġ
ϲͬķͣഺ⡢崿
ֻ֮Ƴ·ζڵķֳܹġ
ͬʱҲ֣ͬһ·ֻʲôз£ֻܽ񻡣
ȻƽʱЩѳȹಢԣһ·֪ʲôɫɲͣʲôжһʣһݡ
һֱΪŮ˵ֻϸźÿȻֻ֮ҲƴΪʲôôֻΪʲôʼնˡ
һŮ˼ˣĽѣ˵ˣ
ˣĳ׵ףѾƴһˣұ֤ǺֻڳֵĻƴǻǻ޷˵ϲ
ݷ϶˵ĻһֱǣûκŮǱһʲôȲˡ
ֻԽļֻԽҪֻʧ
ֽòݻٵ
ΪʲôҪõһжֻ
ʵ÷񣬼۾ʵںֻ۵׵˸뿪ˡ
ǰߣƴûþˡ
ӹֿеֻ֪Դ֮ƴǵЩȲ˽ȥ
ʵ˵ֻƳ·©Ļ˵ϡƽ·Ƕƴ˵ÿһοطڹ
ŻҲ˻裬Ըů
ƴǵĺЩɳƣĿֱӵĹĵǰĳǽչ¶ɡ
ֻžеƴǣЦЦôÿɣ
ĻŮӴ𣿡ƴֻ߽֫ôϸһ˫ְֳǿһӰ١
Ȼƽװ簡ֻ˼˵
ֻûţУȻ̿㿴ȥͻÿһˡֻͷһԼĶ̿㣬òҲˡ
ഺĸо
ôܴţ㿴ȣ綼©ˣҿ˶̲סȥˡƴ˵Լ뷨ɫЩࡣ
û취ֻ档
ֻȴЦһ£뷨Ǹ˶밡ңҲһ£òΣŮ񼶱ģŶ˽ҳģȥĵطҲǸ߼ĵطӴҲģŲᷢеء
Ҳ˵·˭ᴩš
죬ֶĴţǹȣ¶Ÿ첲ģеĻ¶¶أΪֶĴţҲϰˣνˣ
ܸصǸĻҲ㴩ŵģűʵʵġƴǴӱסֻ֫ǰԵ˵š
ϹĶϣԼŴŮ˴ٵ뷨ҲֻҲ⡣
ղģƴǵͷֻ֬磬ͼ·ȥͷסȴͽ͡
ǰҲһûҪָָֻϵ·һĳͶ̿㣬ɫͿʽһ
Դҿ·˭ƴǵüͷһ壬ֻֿܾʼðˮˣǲǻ̽ң

600 Ϧ

600  Ϧ
ֻ֪࣬ıã˿ɲϲɻֻǺں˵
ŮЩ˼ƴǱֻС˼Цˣɻʲô˼
̫ƽ˼ֻͭͦͦأŮһ͵͵ıһʱ򲻻͵͵ıȡǸ𣿡
ʲôƴǶֻĲӿ˵ģ뽫Դȥ
éʱ򡭡ֻ˵š
ƴҲЦЦôش㣿
֪ˣûش𣡡ֻתͽԴƴǵĻС
ҲǾڹŵͦĵģÿճ밲Ҳûʲô
ʲôܻᱻģǿˣҪҸЩʹģҲպ󹬾ͻᴫʺխݲ֮ĻˡֻĴ΢΢Ļȣ󣬺ƺ͸˵ӣһȴ˲ߢ
ƴǲԾĺ
ֻǲѣôа
ֻȴûע⵽ƴǵı仯ֻ˵ﻰǿɲ
ȻѡҪúõĺƴһĴƱ֮ĸңǰֻںڵںƴǣҲǾԲκĻᣬΪһұе̬ȡ
ִֵֻҲһĻеļ֣ȴԼܲ˱֪Ѷ˵һ졣
Լĵӣºȥ
ֻ棬ƴǵһ˫ȴѾ޹ǵϸ䣺ôںңҺܸˡ
ĺܸˡ
ƴǵ°ͿֻĲͳмżɳƣ˵ĺ´ֻĶߣ޽㷢ģټ˫ƺҪγֻ֮󵱼ƴǵԡ
϶δֻʱҲŬڿƣֻζԹ֮ͬһ㣬Ҳζ
ǣ˿һзĳԼǰ
ƴǡ
𶯣ôһᡣ
ƴ˿ŽԼ˼ѹȥ˵ģֻڲĻܸܵߺٶȥ治֪ʲô
ڵһֱҩѹڵĶأϲΪֻ룬ҲҪԼͬ
޵֮ڳİ
ֻƿƴǵҲıΪ˲䣬ŵ˺¾ãã˵ľڵĳˡ
תϦ
ֻͷ͸οյ񻨴ƼҹĻȻشŵ̻꣬׷׹䣬·һ㻮ʣѩֵĻʹƽ˼ů⡣
ѩװع
вٹ˻ϲվ£ɾҹĻ̬죬ɫͷ׵̻

ֻɵѿڶͬʱҲ̻죬ֻʱãȻδʲôúԼ޹أϲŭҲŹϵΣȴһ
ƴһ𣬺İһбͬ˿һ㣬죬ƴǻ鷿̸ͬ۹¡
ֻʱһһЩ࣬㿪ʼԼ
Ӻľһźɫ⻨ĳȹϣǧ˿б鱦ʯι̶⻨ͭеŮӳһ˫貨Ŀ֬üī裬һĵĻһ㣬ֻ˺Ƥ멣ĳţһ·鷿⡣
ЩѩһֱδͣЪ׷ѩţֻվڳĿ˼ĵط
ĨǣŵӰ֮ڣֻȻһЦڵ˫ͻȻ
һЦ㡣
Զƴ㱣첽ߵֻǰͬʮָۡ
ѩôˣ
˶ãо䣿
ƴǵֺܴΪϰԭĺָĥЩӣЩֲڣȴůĽְֻУֻϵѩ
ֻݸûеȶãʱá
ҹǳϦһ𡣡
ƴ·Ĩһ㣬ֻˮʮָҲɵýգá
񷱶࣬Ϊҫͷ⣬ϸŲɱΣǳϦؼԲӣҲҪͬ²ŻϢʱ䣬ɵ鷿һ̣ļϵǸˣվڷѩеԼһ˲䣬еĿ۱ȫˡ
ָоͬɷȴԼһ㣬еֻů͸ж
һȥƴǽֻ֣źۼĽͷѩ
Ժ;褣ݷ׼˳ϦһӦǰֻҪ죬õĽУҲֱ˺棬𻨣ͭǮȵȡ
ֻ˵˭ϳԵЩ˱ĶĽӣһꡣ
ֻ棬ԾԾһԣ׿ݿĺͿҲ㹻ˣЦﲻʱĴӵڴվŵе˫ָ׶ˡ

601 ıǲͨ

601 ıǲͨ
ҲȥŭĿվڵ˺һˣȴٳٶûнȥҲ֪ʲôʧǵĿŴڵ֡
ˡ
ǻع
ʱȥôأǿƴǺֻ罺ģٸԼ𣿵ڵЩûһϲԼԼģȥҲ޷Ǹһ˵֪ܣҪȥ
Ŀ˸һѾ֪Լʲô㲻ȥõ飬һ죬סδ빬ĺƴֻ꣬ˣûֻ
ԥתȥ
ֻȻǲ֪ģƴǾ˵ЦʱȴʶɨԱһԲǧϡ
꣬һϲϲֵʱȴһߣԼиʹӸǶ˲
ǰ걾Ǻͼž۵ĺӣɶǧ˵ȴһĥ
ӣδĺӣҲѾɼãڱ˵ϲӣǧ˵ֻףӵĹ¶ˡ
˵ϲúĹ¼γĶԱȣ˿Խࡣ
ֻΣһֱҪǧǸϧȴûҵʵĻᣬǧ˻ƴǾ˵䰡֮⣬ͲԼݷ㡣
ֻҪȥǸûлᡣ
˶ϲųԵ˺棬ͭǮ
Ψǧڽ䣬һԲǧǰյĴ룬ֻü룬˼ӵƴǵǰʾƴ͵ǧǰ
ƴЦŽӹ͵ǧǰ
ǧȴͻȻλվĿԶĿһУӣ¾Щƣȳȥ͸͸
䣬ҲƴǵĻش㾶˳ȥƴ͵ǰЩӣǧҲһû
ùƴƺϰ¼ţĮǧҲԸ˴ţӳԵĲˣתŻ⣺ǲ˵ҪԼֽڹǰζ
Ҫͼϲ죬ܺһһʱ⣬ǼˣǱʧȤζˡ
ֻ㣺ǰȻҪԼˣ
ūҲһȥ
ϵĲԼֻ뿪ԼҲæëԼԵĲݷ;ҲֻҲ֪ǵĻʺԴôģǻкܶ뷨͵ӣܸǾϲ
ֻһʱ򣬸÷ɵ
ѩصëһ㣬׷ҹҲгɫ
Զĺ÷ߣǧӰ޳ε䣬ŵİƬ÷ѩڡ
ֻŻϲļˣĵӰµǧȥ򴽣ԵЩԥȴջǵǧԲ𡣡
ҲǴҪƭģֻҪ磽⿪Ľᣬû뵽ǼᣬҵĲԣùȲ飬ôΪõ㲻ϲ飬ֻܶҺԹԣֻǱԼ
ϾߣƴǣºĹѣǶĵϣЩЩ߳ġ
ɫ¹ҫֻϣһʵıɴµ岢δΪĺضӷף߸ӷĺ촽
ǧ۵ȴһƬ䣬ͬ⺮еķѩһ㡣
ڹ꣬¸ˡ
ֻϿҵĵǸҲֻĮԽֻ壬ǧȴͷҲصŹȥ
ֻǧ¶ıӰֻúۡ
ݷ㲻֪ʲôʱ˹վֻͬһԶȥǧӰ
ʵʱҾǧҺǶûаȫС
ݷ㻺ڣֻЩĿݷ㣬ȴĻ
ݷ򴽣Цмż᣺Ƕ֣ڱ˺֮󣬾ͲԸ˺ǵˣҲãҲգ˺ѾɣͻԶ޷ĥĺۼǶԸڽرյ³ΪΪֻǰȫģĲŲˡ
ݷĿЩƮԶⰨѩ˵ǧֻ飬Ҳ˵Լ顣
ǶǸ˺ˣ˺ǵվǵǰ˵Բ𣬿˵ģȴҲ޷ָ
ֻˣֻЩܡ
ıǲͨģûиܾͬûʸ˵ԭºͱԭ£֪ĵǸûã߸ı䲻κΣϣǧЩӱ߳ǹԼҲãܺùԼ鰮
ȥɣľˣƴǻĴ㡣
ֻջؿǧԶȥĿ˵ͷŲԼ˶ֻ֮ϲĽڵ
ƴѾȾƣǿ顣
ǧӰįһ·ǺשߵĻʹгȴûȥ£ԼһĿĵڽš

602 ʮ·޴

602 ʮ·޴
һϲķΧ֮Уֵŵƽʣĵɫѩض˲Σůģ·µĵס
ûʲôˣ͸ҫŵĴܿһΧǰȺķˣ紵ѩתƮƮڵϡ
ǧҲ֪ʲôһ·˳ԼǰǵعʱȴͻȻԼĴ
ܻߣѩ÷ѩš
һǳݻķĹӳʯĹдţŮС֮Ĺ
·ؽãͷŽֽڷŻ֦ĳʳֽǮ˿ȴǱѩǡ
ǧָ֣ڱĹĦԺȴϵĸֳ໭
кãʦ̽¡
ʦһңҵҪ𡭡
ʦɲܲҰ㻹ǹٸء
ʦ˵
ʦ鷳ˡ
ʦˮˣ
ʦʦ
ǧٿر۾ԺеЩɢĹԵôµѩš
Ҳ֪ʱ˶ã𽥵ɫƶ˲ۺɫһ㣬ѩͣˣɵϵĻѩȴ񣬲ڽ¿֨֨졣
ĺ
ǧͷҲص뿪Ƭѩ·ء
Ϧ֮ҹס
ǧ뿪δֵķΧʲôӰ졣
ЩȥɣȻûϷ֣ҪˡݷȰοֻ֮󣬱뵽˲Ժ;ĶС
ֻŵ̾˿֮Ҳûԭͣ
عƻͨ˶֮󣬲Ա㻶ϲĲֻߣϴ˵ϦҹҪū澶أ
⶷ô淨ԺɢŹ˸˸Ŀֻū澵ȲҪ
ʱһ㶼ǼŮΧһҶƣҲ˵ģɶͷһǴֻɫ֮УԱȤ֮òǶĺڴ
úúá
ͽ㡣褺ݷҲһĴ˹
ݷ㵹ãةฮʱ򣬾ͼֻͶСС㶷֪Щ߰˰˵ģȴûԼھ褡֪ľ͸ˡ
ȻԶҲŨŨȤġ
ֻЦţƴѾһԽҪ׼õ˳
ֻ̯ĵĽš
ģǴС󣬿ԷֿҲһȥɢƱ㰴ִСһһƱǳΪըſԴһġ
ֻÿһι֮󣬱õ˵ǰչʾڼ˶Ǹ̵ģֻҪֻ򵥵˵һ¾ܾһҺܺõá
òԣ褺СȰҵĹһ£ҺƴԱ߿ţʲô׵ĵطָ
ððū
ǧǲߵĻ˵ǿԴˣֻֻÿϧ
ҵˣҪüɫĽŵ褺ݷҲûп
ƾϴɱķʹ졣
ֻܲʱָһ˼ֻ֣֮ݷ;ϻۣǱɱ仨ˮ˲ٵĵعϸɡ
ƴ֣صֻһƣǳһͷ͸ɫ¹⡣
ɫ
ĲֻǴѩ̻ƴǴ鷿гƼڷѩеԼӡ
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605 ҲԴ

605 ҲԴ
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608 м

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УҩҲǳٹλ̫ҽƳģҲ˸뷨
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̫ҽֳҩֻһζͶЧҪĸãЩǵĸлģ
Ժ֢ͬٷҲоˣԳĽ˵ҲҽϵͻƣǰεĲ֢Ժ󶼿ԳԻһ˼άˣ
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ƴǸϲвŭɫˣȴ⼸ʱȴںûںϻУҲͷɵֻˡ
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ǧٿشӴݵǾƴǵǰ谲ӵΣûܺúõչ˺ûʺ⵽˴˵ݺԸл
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ԪŻʺ֮󣬿·ˣ
ӡǧٿ̧ͷ뵽ʲôһ㡣
ƴҲͷһ˵޷
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620 ֻ

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Ǹоֻһ˲䣬֮ǻ˵ģһԵˣʲôΣ˵飿
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Ѳʧȥʶֻ֮ʲô
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ǧȻҪӵԣ
ǺģǱ˵ģĴֻҲͲܵ˺ļ尾ʹˣ

˫ȭݺݵڵϣԼ׸ˣʹ࣬޲ǧܡ
䡪
ǧеذٶȱƴǴϡ
ƴɫ԰ףʧѪɫûɣתŲЩεŻʹķȥ
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Ϊǧ׵ܵܣȴҲƴ뷨ƴǣֻǧ̲סۣ
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ٿأϵĿ˶Ȼ˫ۣҩЧѹֻѾתѣбƱӿͷѹֵֻ˱ıԵ
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ٹԸˣһҪȶеĺӶż˺ģ
ֻвŸµʱ䣬̥ȣֻһʱΪ˺ӣֻҲԪˣԺûлΪĸˣ
ۿģɵ˻ʺ֮ʼնֹƣʹ౯˵ģǵһμԼ֪Щţıסֻ˫ȣΪ˻ϣҲñԼİ
飬ûô죡
ſңҪȥǧʸ
ֻ۽ʪҧŴԵ֣ڵֻǧҹ飬ģֻȫᣡ
ſң
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ʣȣôȥƱҪµģ
ݷ۵ĿֻŬŬֻܻΪİοС㣬ѾˣȻѹȴҲ޼µġ
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ܣ
ǰͻȻ򿪣һӰȻֻǰǧɫ԰ףҲ֪ϵƻûкãΪжֻΡ
ʺ
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ǰŵǧֻһӱЪ˹ĴǧϣϾʲô
ûҵĶԲԣ
Ҳǻˣֻˣ
ǧεĵͷ˫ȭգѹֻм尾ȴææϣش޷شԲ𣡡
ʺҡĲ֪
Ϻòϵ˿ٶѿѪ͸°ɫ˳ѪЩĿġ
ǧȴʼռͦΣһԲš

621 ̥

621  ̥
ֻʧǵˣ񱻳߾һ㣬ǧûУۿֻиǿֻš
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ҪȥƴǣҪƴǽ

Եĵĸֻ˳ȥݷҲƳһǧ֮ϡ
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ƴǺʧһ㣬ȥ˺ܶƴϲȥĵطӰ
޵鷿
ŵ㣡
Խĸֻֻʲô⣺С磬Ҳæһ°ɣ
ȵֻȻȰ˵ˣǾֻܰæˣ֮ȶ
ݷͷã
㿴˴С㣬ôСʲôʧ
صĵͷֻֻһһĹѰš
ƴǡ
ƴģ
Ϊʲôң
ֻÿƿ޵ŶǴϣģÿƿʱ򿴼һ˵ʱǾ
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ƴǵĸеĵطȨջ٣ƴǼλ֮ޡ
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·ĸһ㣬ȥʲôҲ˵ʲôҲƴǺܰģ
ͬʬһֻݷĻ֮ϣһ㣬ͷҲصųȥ
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ֻӰڵ֮УƴһɫӣӰ޳ֻʱֻпȴļȡ
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ֻʣͻȻ۽ʪûƴǵʱеǼȣڼˣһѵƴǿ

ֻһѵƴǿʱ򣬱ֻƴͻȻ˿ڣͳɳƵƺ޵İˣֻŲһ٣·Ǧһ㣬ҲŲ˰ֹ֣סԭء
ֻŻŵ˳޵ǧһ·棬ػƴ£ҲʹѵĿ⼸ˣĿ޵ڵƴϡ
Ұһ𣿡
ƴǣ˵ˮĴۿ£ֻʹı۾Ҫͬƴǽͣɻ߾֪ôںˡ
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ĽǸʮҩգֲϲ˴򽻵ڹסʱ䣬ƴǱһҩ®רоҩʱҲֻһȥ
ڵǲȥ̫ҽԺģǱЩ̫ҽ֪ˣжȻ粨ڵֻ˹ȣȴŲܸƴ鷳
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أ
ʺʲôҰ㣿ĽסĴѰҵֻֻܾǹ졣
ֻȻʧɫȴһҩϣֱӽǲҩУô̻ȥˣ
ֻԵǡ컨
컨ŻѪЧǡǡˣиģʳˣʵ䷴˴̥Чˣ
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Ҫеĺӣ⺢벻˾ͽ컨ȥˣ
ͫ΢ţݷĶҪһŭ˵С㣬Ҫ𣡡
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⻹ǸԶֹ۵ֻ𣡡
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622 һС

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ƴǵᣬűŵֻǻδü̷ȥĺ컨Ƭֻۿŵˮߵһ䡣
ƴŬŬ죬ЩɳƣһСҲ˺Ҳ˺˺Լ
ֻʵĿڲԵĻС
ƴǱһĨЦܷʲôԼ壬Ҫ׵Լ
ԣǼعϢ
ƴ䵭£ȴϣֻҲֻᣬԼԺݷߡ
ЩҪǧ˵
ֻߺƴǶֻڡ
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ӣǧƴǵǰִĸǧԸ⳹״ʧԭ£ûܺúñܵ˺
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㡣
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ֻƴ᲻ֻѰ˸ڣҪԼֻһʱ䡣

ʹֻ뿪ԼֻʱֻҪܻһһĿʱ⣬ʲôѶˣҲֵˣ
Ҹӣڶңֻܿ࣬Ҳˡ
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۵ֻֻѡ
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񣬼Ȼֻǧĺӣڤڤ֮עǱԷֿɡ
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һС
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ֻƴϲŮˣƴԼһҪЧҵӣ
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
ΪһҪ𣡡ƴǽüšĿȻ
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ƴȴ򴽣ͼοֻеѹʵҲͦõġ
ֻתȥԸȥƴǡ
ƴȴ֪һ㣬ֻ֣СϣһС
ƴǵĸֻСϵЩŸǾû׶̶һҡ
һѰ˸ڣ˵㲡š

623 ҲԸ⣡

623  ҲԸ⣡
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һֱĬֻӴŭվƴǵǰͬƴǵĿӣƴǣ㾿ҵʲôˣ
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ҪǣǧúõĶ㣬ƴ㡭

ҲҪ㲻Ҫ˵ˣҪ˵ˣֻƴҡͷƴ֪֪Լọ̀
ҲҪǧһ𣡡ֻ˫ۿ޵ĺףȴӿƾʲôԼ뷨˵ƾʲôҪ
ҲǻûиĸƷ˵˭͸˭ģ
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ֻҡͷѹͷҲһ˲䱬ƴ̫ˣ
ù֣ƾʲôȥҾƾʲôѡ񣡡
ҲԸ⣬ҲԸ⣡

䣬ֻҲȥƴǺηӦȻĿȥ޵棬ȻӰįǧ
飬˵ϵĥ
ЩӲǧ
ԭݵһ˫ӺڵǧֻĿǾΣֻȴеѹӭߵǧǰ
˭ûд˭Ϊûȥе
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ҲԹκˣͬҲҪκ
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ֻȻתת֮ʣһе˫ֽ߬ţֻϵиԼһҪǿȻʱԼʧ˷ִ硣
ֻΪƴǻǧߵľ֪ƴŲغǧ壬ĸлǧĺӣƴѸᣬҪԼԼ
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ִŮԣֻ˭ĺӣⱲӾͷɵˡ
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ðɣСѯţֻһ㣬ľȻ
ݷУŲ˵ԣСЩȶ㲻Ҫٶˡ
ŬŬ죬ſĴǱ±ϣߵĻҲ˻ȥֻ˵Ŀֻ޲Լֻѹʹ
ԣСһˣȴˮδȥС׼һЩС˹
ݷʾŲԡ
ŶáԺ֪ĵͷţĵݷֻ˵ţ޵ʱֻʣڡ

624 ߰

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뿪ĵĵط
Ըԣûôأ㱾ɰʵǱеĽ˿ȸ
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625 ɻǵҵ˵Ļ

625  ɻǵҵ˵Ļ
ݷ㵭ЦЦȻԸŴСźǱòˣ
ڣҲܷ࣡ҲŴС˵˵⿪顣
ϾҪôСδӻԺúõĻȥ
ΪЦصĵͷūȥʰϸ񣬺øһ𡣡
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ϸϢʱ΢ۿֻ֣㣬Ҫ𣿡
Ȼֻദʱ䲢࣬ǴѪĸ޷ƵģĿ׵ĳҲǱ˴˵ˣ˴˵ˡ
ֻ飬ϸæĸˣ䲻ʲôʲô˵ֻߣҲϣܿοһЩ
ҹշתߣֻɫЩ԰ףеĿȴǼᶨ˵ġ
ϸ꣬ҲڵҪͷúչˣԼºúõģһҪԼΪҪ÷棬ҲǿˡֻɳƵһҹɤѾ˵۵ǲĵĶ
ϸһˮ㣬֪Һ»չ˺ø׵ģҲԼԼӣǽ㡭
㣬ô뿪ôźã
ֻһŮӣʱлУôֻ뿪Ҫܶٿͷ
ĸоҲֻδеѹϸȰһԵƴϡ
ֻҪ뿪ˣƴǾҲ
ƴһϵĽӰ޳һ˫ī亮촽ÿţįȻʱרעֻ

ܵϸȣƴŬŬ죬ѵĿڡ
ֻıģ飬ȥƴǵΪѣҲΪ˸Īĺȥ޸ǧ޷ֵ°ܡ
ˣԸԼߵԶԶģҲҪĵط
ֻĿⲢδƴǣ˱𴦡
Ժ󣬱Աذɡ
еĺҲ£ҲҪңҲ

ƴɳƵĿڻֻ֣תֻŲһ٣Ȼûлͷȥƴϵı飬ȴҲǶס˽Ųġ
㡭ɻǵҵ˵Ļ𣿡ƴįĿڣֻݵӰ絶ʡ
ϧֻδü˵ش𣬱㱻ݷϡ
С㡭
ҵݷͲԸպøϵݷƴǺֻǰ峺Ŀ⵭ȻѾ˺ڵţǿԶˡ
䣬ݷ㵣ģƴǷ˳ָֻı⡣
ƴǲδ˵ֻҲѾ
á
ֻӦݷ㣬ͬϸ𣬡ˡ
㡭
ϸᣬֻȴͷҲصŹȥ
ڰǧƴǵǰƴǱһĴţϵı顣
ǽңңһе˸ž⣬ҲǲԾһĨȡ
ֻԼ뿪Ǿ͹ֲñˡ
ҡҡλΡ
֮ǰŴĵ𲻹ֻʹļǿӰˣֻʣ˲ԣֻҲûαװڳϣĿն
ԺмСУŬ뻰⣬ֻͬţ˵ūԴ֮һֱߣȥū澾͸ġ
ܽľɫرȻǸԴأ
ŲԾֻǿЦЦЦԽɬѳ˹㲻ٽˣСһɣȻǴСҲС
ȻҪֻܽͳƴҲͻʺ֮λͺûаϵˣٽȥÿֻһ
æĵͷ֪˴С㡣
Һݷһֻ㣬Ѱ˴Сƺ
ֻѹҲûٶ˵С㣬һ·۳Ͷ٣ȱϢɣŵվʱūٻ
á
ֻӻϣϾ׵ĳ档
ϳݷȴǴǲԾĹһĨȣ׾һ
ݣ

626 

626  
ֻѹĴߣֻ۾ʱѾҹĻĺϣǵ㡣
ݷѾվ÷䣬ҲڳĽֻС㣬С㡭ǵˡ
Ϣһٸ·
Խֻϲҹվÿȴǲ٣˷׷ײĿɵöֻλɫǵ˱ʾ̾
ݷͲһ·ֻ͵˷䣬ݲݵϴֻ֮˴
Դ֪Լ֮һֱҹߣʱ򼴱˯ˣҲҹ뾪ѣۺۼһ飬ϵı
ڴûãֻһϮԺ˯ˡ
ֻܵһźĲԸѹݷӰԾĵķеĶֻ˷š
С硭
ֹĿݷ㣬ĿǾΣǶԴС𣿡
ֻ뿪ƴǳͻຣҵԼҸ⼸ֻı˺ѹҲĿģָоͺ˱һ㣬ֻʣ˸ʬʬ塣
ֻ˫ڵ޹
ʧȥϣ˶Ȼ֮С
ҸûմȾϰĹϵ
ͻȻЩˣڵľǷȷǡ
ԼСҲôѹˡ
ԴһᰮЦҲȾ˼ˣݷȴǵЦԵԴ˵ԣˣСֻʱܶѣȴõģصܽһʱ֮ʹܺܿıǸʱ򣬲ֻ
桭Ļ𣿡Բȷʳ˿ڣ֮ǰҲŲɵģԺʱʹõҩֻֻѹһʱͺˡ
⼸ֻļ尾ǿеģʹ飬ҡ
ͨ˵ѹһ
ǿģǾȴǺϣԺ£ĺֻôһ겻۵ֻԼӣ
ݷ򴽣˵õġ
ҲԣСǸܼǿˣһжõġ
ǵҵʱ˵ĻʵҲҪС뿪ƴǣֻҪƴǶԴСİˣҲܷġ
ֻϧѡ̫ʧСƣִ֣֪ƴҲܺͬȴ벻СΪһŮĸ׵Ȩֶܲأ
ݷͷ֣е˫Ҳɵýգȴһ˵С㣬ԭ´С㣬СѹΪ㣬ƴǣ
С뿪ʹҲΪ㣬ƴǣƴǽıߵģ
ˣˣֵôСһϣСֵҵõģʹʹ㣬ڰС㿴ƴǵıԣڰںС֪֮󣬴ƴǵƭзֶ֮ҲȻǻмġ
ʹĵͷеĽ߬ŵҩ۰ȴǱ˳ǡѾ뿪˻ʹˣҩǷҪС㰵ڷ棿
ݷšü˼Ƭ˵ʱɣǻص֮ܽȷˣͣðɡ
ھ뾩ǻԶֻһڱ֮Ͼ˼ʱͣˣֲֻˣٻصʹصƴǵߣ֮ǰһҲȫ׷ˣ
á
С磬İɣ֪ôˣЦһ£ȴЦñȿ޵ѿ
ֻĻ˯˹ȥʶȴѵģݷͲԵĽ̸
ʧѪɫİֽһ㣬ֹֻסĲɴ˫Ȼ˵Ļ

ŵˡ
һƭ
ĵӣ׽˵ݹģΪǳյĴԼԣԼʲôͳĵһ
ֻվڵϣͻȻЦ˳ֻЦ׵ĴۿҲڵѪһ㡣
Ǻǡ
ǺǺǡ
Ľ̸Ȼֹ
Ժݷ㵵ŷĶϸǻţС硭
ô죿
ﾹȻû˯ţǵĻͦ˹ȥԻŵƿţͨһĹֻǰū˵
ū澲ҪƭģūֻҪܿһ㣬ҵԼҸǽԼδǽ֮У
ֻȹֻȴĿʼնݷϡ

627 ңҾöģ

627 ңҾöģ
ֻֻ΢ɫݷݵĿϣ̰壬ôһ˲䣬ֻֻ㱣Ȼúİ
˽ݷ㣬һֱֻݷޱݷֻƭ
ƴǱͬ˵ݷܲеô򵥣ɲ⣬ܾȻţֻȴûнƴǵĻȥȥģŵĶǴ
ֻУȫȻݷ㵱Լˡ
ڡ
ʵݺݵĴֻһƣһζƵĳͷҲhiѪĴۡ
ݷ㣬ϼǸɱԣĺۣ
ݷһ˫һĿС㣬˵鲢еǸӣҲҪƭ㣬ֻٹһʱ㡭
ݷ㻺ǰֻҪµѨصϢǰҲҪֻܽ
ݷҪֻ첲ʱֻȴͻȻң
Ҿöģ
һжƺõģһжƺõġֻ棬ˣҶԲԵΣͲԶҺݺң
ֻ˻ߣ˵ҪŹʱң
ȥܽ췹ȴزʱ𣿡
Ļ䣬׶ƴʧȥϣʱң
ֻƺͻȻʲôؼһ㣬ԪڵİɱǲҲǰ߻õģ
ǵġ
ݷȻòһֱźۼԼʳҩɼе֢״Ľ׶ôƱǻȫ׼ģ
׼ҲȻˡ򣡡
ԪƴǳϢǱصܣƴǶΪ˱֪ǧͼ̷ǲŻᱻôֲԲŻке鷢״
һжݷǰƺõģ
ֻֻͷƤ飬˫һֱ̱ڴϣ֮ǰһֱɵɵΪЩ泼ϢͨŴ̽ƴǺ䡣
ΪֻһֱĴΣһҲ˽Գˣ
ǲ˽ݷ㣬δݷ˼ݶ
أֻʹĿŲԣʣҪ뿪ƴǣأΪʲô
ŵҪȢ𣿡
ǴӦʲôôŻᱳң
ԿҡͷֻǰסĿͷûУûСС粢ûдӦūʲô
ûйū澣ū澲뿪ū紺ҪԼ޳ȥ
Ǻǡ

ֻֿЦĿ
ĪžڵиˣǰˣֻоȻ޶ûˡ
˽ˣΪԼܴԸܰʹǿӵ˱˵ϣֻֻаûڣûпߵ˵Ұģ
۽ǵˮϣֻķӦŵˣݷŲԭأεıҲȥת˺

ݷֻơ
֣ɾݷźˣÿμƴˮĻֵʱݷеļʺŭЩݷƲסԼ
ڣڿԹĺƴһĳƺֻˣ
򵥵֣ݷȴú֣
ݷǰԵǯסֻĸ첲ͷ𣬡ǣһжǰƺõģÿշʳеҩҸģе֢״ԤıõģԪڵϢҲҹ͸©ŷųȥģȥɱƴǵģǧеһҲеģһ·㵽ҩԣһжң
ݷ˫ɺ죬ŭ𣬡ҾҪַͨʽƴģ㲻ģҲûа취һ𣡡
㲻ϲûϵֻҪܸһܽⱲֻһ˾Ϳԣ
ݷҧÿ죬ǿֻͬӣŭյƴʲôã
˺ӣΪʲôҪԭĴڣ
Ϊʲôʼն㱳󱣻㰮㣬ȴϻͷһۣһҲã
ƴ䲻㣡
ֻʹ۾ֻǰݷǸӣˣ
Ѿħˣ
ſңſңֻݷҪ⡣
ȥαװݷ̫£ͻȻԺƴǶݷۡ
ȻǺˣĻмġ
ݷΪСʱԴ䣬ԸŤѾƫִħĳ̶ˣ
ԼƲԼ

628 ֻң

628 ֻң
ΪûԸݷ׽ݷвֹµŤʼ࣬ͬʱижķܣһһˣݷְִԵֻҪǸ˰Լߡ
ǣҲǣ
ֻֻñ亹Ҫ뿪뿪ݷ㣬Ĵݷ㣬Żƴ֮ôͲۡ
֮ǰƴǶԼ˵Ļڶã
ûУݷŭֻ߬ĸ첲Ȼܰӻʹд˵ʲôᵽٻصƴǵߣ
ݷıЩһ˫һĿ籡ŭһ㣬ȻѾ̯ĿˣֻײͲԵ̸ݷҲûֻͬװȡͬıҪˣ
ǰݷҲҪֻܽ򣬰Լߣ
ֻҪֻһֻһˣƴʲôںĳȥ
ң
ݷ˫Ѫ죬ݺݵĵֻֻң
ܡֻŲҰ׵ɫݷĿ־Ҳһģ
ݷѪ΢У׼ֻٶȱƽʱȴִ߲źŵĲк
ݷŤŭյҪֻһ㣺ұţ
ƴǾȻϵ
ֻݺӣֺƴֽӦǣǵôؼʱֻ̣ܸƴǱţ
ʹ˻ͷ
ݷ޲ýֻͬԼһŰݣһһĴ㣬ȴҪ뿪һصƴǵߡ
ֻǲʯͷģ
ȻôҪߣҾƫ뿪ҵŮˣ˺ӣ㲻ˣݷ㴽ǹһĨЦ⣬ɫֻ
ſң
ſңֻѲԵͷݺݵҧݷԼ֡
ҧƨɣѪζ˲ڿӣֻȴĲɿڡ
ݷĿ⺮Ķֻҧȥƿû˺ֻ
ֻҪֻߣֱֻҧΣοҧֻ
ݷֻˤ˴ϡ
ֻʱͷۻǰ˸ǣڵϹŵĲȴͻȻĽݷסС磬Ҫʲô
㲻˵ΪãΪҵԼҸŴģô˺
ԲĲԾ˫ɺݷ㣬޵Ļںޣֹס˳ۿ䣬ȴɪɪĵֻǰ
С磬ħˣ
µ񣬲ԱɵٵҲ֪ԼϵƭˣСΪ˰ҵԼҸҩʹкͻ϶Ļ뿪ġ
СΪԼ˽ģҪռѣ
һֱݷ˵ʲôԶŲɣΣһֻڡͷԷԼһЦһݷƭɵӰˣ
ÿ
ƴҡͷҲã
С磬ȥɣصϵߣС磡
ݷͷ˫͵ŲԵؿ˹ȥ
ꡪ
һѪ³ˤڵϣҲûϢ
ֻͫ΢ţɴ˫ԣ
ȻԱֻ֪ǱݷƭģҲûôﲻˣڣԾȻΪԼϧ
ʱۿִֵֻҪ´ԷɺݷȴѾɥʧǡ
˵е˶ֻҪֻС
ֻںֻҲֻںֻٶϮֻźֱۣǿеĽڻС
ᣡ
ݷٶֻʱһ޳ӰȻ֣˸źâ谭ݷ㿿ֻĶ
ֻɫһϲǧ
ǧôˣ
˵ǧʼնԼ߱Լһ̶Σգ
ǧߣ
ֻ˫΢ǰӰ޳ǧǣϿҵԣ״ˣ鷳öǧ˵ôѿĻ
ֻֻݷ㣬صƴǵߡ
ǧֻ΢΢򴽣δشֻĻüӥĿ£һ˫Ŀ䣬ƺҪһ㣬гݷ㹥ȥ
ǧĴ򷨶Ǳͬ̽ȻӶʵΣݷʱ򣬾ȻһӾóȫ
ݷ㡭
Լ˵Է书˺ŵϵģµ񡭡ôߵǧ֮䣬û£෴
ǧǱƵôŴ˲Ӱ

629 ݷϵ书ڣ

629 ݷϵ书ڣ
ݷϵ书ڣ
ûԷ书
ͷֻԺߣݷ㲻ֻ书ƭֻ˳ϣҲдȶģ
뵽ţֻʱͷһѾźŵ˳ȥһƴǱǰӪǲҲݷҲ׼
ǿźŵƴǻ᲻Σգ
ֻǵʱǧٵҲӶߴߣ
ʱһܾסݷ㣬ٵһֻŲסˣ
ʱֻûҵƴǣһ֮У
ֻ֪׼ǧݷ˶Ŀб
ݷײѪ˿ʢŭıԵǻֻ֮Ȼ

ݷĿƷǧ裬ȷʵڽڰˡ
ĵ⽣Ӱݷˡ
վͬӿ
ڵҹ޴պźĻһ㣬žɭķĺţʱʱ紵ҶɳɳͼпĽŲ
еֻ˷ܵźҹ󺰣ƴǣ
ǲ㣡
ѵ
ϧֻĻδ£ǧӰͬߵķһ㣬ɳصˤڵϡ
ꡪ
ǧѪӿһѪô˳ǷĿʹ࣬ݷȴŶƽǧǰĿȻǶɱģ
ǧֻܵǧǰſ˫۵ݷĽŲҹķһ㴵ϣֻ˫΢죺С㣬ִԲȥˡ
ͷɣ
ͯ˵ȷǲңδȴǿѡġ
ҪںڰһƬҪ棬ȫ⣬ͷС㡣
Хɫ¹ڴϣƽ˼䡣
ݷӰɪаȵһɱ⡣
ֺֻ۵Ŀݷģݷ飬֪ͯݷֻȱȫаˣִΪֻҪԼ߱Զ뿪
һȫ뷨ǰ
ֻռͲˣ
ֻл룬ݷû뿪ţǾͨýһദжáϧ
ߵĺѥһֻǧ
֮ǰߣұ㲻֣ǿ㣬˵Ҫ棬ҵȫ⣬ȴĶҵ⣡
ΪݷֻںڰеϣݷֻҪֻߣһӰԼߣռУֻҪԸ⣬ͷǲǿֻ˵ġ
ڣֻƴǵĸ鳹׵ļŭݷ㣬ݷһֱѹ̵ĸҲһҲƲסˣ
ڵֻҪĿֻˣҪռֻ
¹ҫ£ֻ尼͹£ƺ˲ʵıɴ˼ģĺ촽ӣҰ˲ߢһ˫ˮӣ
˸ˡ
ǧҧſӿѪֻ󣺡ʺԺ£ֻŶȥӻǽӦģ

ݷЦʲô˵Цһ㣺ƴǽӦǣ
źŵ˶ˣ
ֺ˶ˣ
ǧɫһֻҲǵʱ͵ȵס
ƴţ͸˲ǣܵȵڣݷķǧ˺Ļʺ
ѵ˼룿
ݷһݣ˵ĹӰѾǧƽ
˵
ֻ˲ŻŷǷֵ뷨ǧҫֻƿһԣٶȵ𳤽ͬݷ
ܷণֻȴֻܰǧķԸǰƴŶȥ
ˢˢ
ϧҹӿЩӰֻΧסѲá
ǧ䲻ݷǿƣȴҲǻȥģһʱ֮䵹ܳŵʱ䣬վкľʱ򣬵ߵʱ򣬱ʱ
ݷ㣬Ǿִ٣ࡣ
Һ˵ݷ㷴ǧĿڣ˫͵ǧ˫ϥȥƺҪҹĺڰһ㣺֪СǺˣ֪ʵݣ
ǧͫ΢š
ݷȴĴݲǧ־˪Цʵ֪ѣֻǲȥ룬ȥϣ
Ϊϲֻ
ϲӵŮˣݷĴǧϲֻ࣬ǧǰջں޺;飬ֻʹ졣
ѹֻô˶ϲ侮ʯԭűǾȻһ⾰
ûУ
ǧͬɺ죬ŭĿֱݷ˫ƭң

630 ͬˣ

630  ͬˣ
ССʺҲֻǻʺˣ
ͬˣ
ǧԺвϵĸСӰһֻͬйصļ䡣
Ȼǧץǣ˵ļƬξȻĪغڣΪһ塣
ֻݺЦ˫гһԼԺС
ǧҪˡ
ƭң
䡪
תٶݷ㹥ȥݷȴδأһӥץСĴ㣬ڽ֮ϷŰǧˣ
ǲͬһˣѵû
ǧʱ򣬳ϰɣ㲻һֱˣʵ֪Сֻֻ㲻ҳϣֻһζӱܰˣƭԼֻСȻͬˣ޼ɵϲˣ
ǧǸų򣡡
ݷ䣬仰ǧĿڴڴ̼ǧ񾭣ǧͬŭգתݷ㹥ȥ
ڳҹŨīһ㣬Ļ
ܾХӰζڵıƽֻǧ
ϼҼվ˿ֻǧ
ŵˣ
ݷȻϵ
飡
ǧеĳ۶ϣǱߵһԴ׳ϣҶء
ꡪ
һѪٶȴǧĿӿǧҲ޷վˡ
ǧ
ֻҪǰǧɲϼҼȻѸٽֻͬǧΧݷ㱡Ĵ΢һĨĻȣһϮɫۣƵӰ޳ұɫ¹ҫ£
ݷһֻķ򿿽ÿһƲֻĿڴ
䡪
ֻļ尾ʱͻȻһ׹֣ıƽݷ㣬赲ĽŲ
ֻֻĺɤһ㣬ͨͨĿҪ
ƴǣ
Ĩ°ɫӰȻֻ֣ǸˣۿĪĺˣֻҲԲ𡭡
ƴǲδش𣬽ýͬݷľһ
Ҳǧɫ֮УͬϼҼ˴һ
⽣ӰѪɺӡ
´ŴǱĿڵϵǧֻû°ɣ
ҩιǧĿУ˵ٶȼս֮С
ɫȻ
ƴĿݷ㣬䳤âҪε۾𣬳ͬһ㣬ֱֱĴݷ㣬ݷ㲽ˣƴǵֱ۷顣
ֻ֪ƴ飬ıԹǣĺֵʱ򣬻ᱻƴǿϢˡ
мʵŭݷԽķŭӰľһѪ˺۱鲼ȴ˭ûаֵи
ϼҼŵͬ´ľɱһ𣬶ʱվѪɺӣХƺſһ㣬ڸ̾ⳡս顣
ݷұϣһ˫һ΢УṦԽƴǵ󣺡ʲôʱ򿴳ģ
Ȼƴǰֻһźŵǲǧֻ߱ƱؾԼŻɣȻˣݷҲôװͿĨǵѯˡ
ֱ˵Ŀڡ
ʲôʱ򿴳ģ
ʲôʱ򿴳ֻ˱˼ģ
ƴӣ̰Ŀ䣺˵˺ӵʱ𣡡
µ˶֪˴˵Ŀݷ㶮ֱ˵ƴȻҲܻ䡣
ԪڣȻ˾ƣҲȷĻģͬ˵˺ܶ໰ҵԴѵģֻ֪ϸ꣡
ϸ֮ųֵģҸܺкӣ
Ҳĺӡ
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˵ˣ׶ɹˣͬסһôˣôôִϹŶһ
ҪֻʣһˣΪԸִ𣡡
ƴȴֻĻɹסˣǳɹף
֮ǰ˵ֻδ޵Ĺϵ𣿡
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ǵȷǳɹˣֻʱǲϺϿɵģҲŶ˵δޣʵϣͳɹˣ鶼ˣ
ûҪƭ㡣
⡭˵𡭡ƴĿ𾪸ӣȴûٹִļˡ
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ҪǾĵĻҽ㿴ӣŵʱĺܿˣ
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ӣ˳ֻĿ˹ȥƴǿǽϹŵķĶʳǸķĺӣǵ𣿡
ܸʲô
ŴϷ̨ӣɣͰѵӵִϷ̨ӾͿˣʾĻ棬͵ڳϷ
ָֻңؼİťƴǣֽӸˣݵǵ幬磬һŵƴ˼⡭
Ϸ̨ӣ
δҲ̫˰ɣëܿһķĺӲŶ󣬾Ȼܽ˸װ档
ƴʶĽֻŵӻˣħ֣


һ·ϣֻһֱƴǵĸ־ٶӦ͵͵Ц⣬ڣƴһĺŵԱ̲֮סˣЩЦɳ档
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ֻҲԵķˣٵĽϺصĵɽѵԡҡ
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ŻĺúõĵӻڡĻˣðŰ̶
찡˭ܸӻ׾ʲô
ƴǽüšһɫƱ䣬ԴĿðŰ̶ĵӻҽŵȭͷٶǵӻȥ
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ƴǣڸʲôֻˡ
ӿǾƵģǱƴǵһٴݲˣһҪǮġ
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ʲô飬ҲµƴǴڵƵʱ򣬵Ļһ̿ɣƴǲŻЩɱԼġ
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ֻĿȴޱ֣أֻǵӻ棬ĺõĻ棬ֻܹۿû飬˺ͶҲû˻ǣ
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ǲˣԲ𡣡ƴǷзп飬ֻ۵ģЩʧġ
ֻۣƴǵ塣
ƴĸͱ˵Բ֣һΣûҩвƴЭģȻڣƴǾȻٶǸ
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648 ˸

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ʱֻȴӦ֮æĳ˳ΪǷʲô£·ʱ䶼ûУԡµ崺է֡
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Լڸʲôأ̫ûƴĽ𣿾Ȼǻ˼ֻùֲ˼ġ
ֻջؿԡҵĿ⣬תԼֻϷͣƴǴص׳֮ȱסĵطֱܲӽ˴ؼֺһͬģҲӹŴƴŪʲô飬ǵҸӰȽϺá
ԼԭҲڰ׳ҽԺԢĽһЩ°ȽϷ㡣
ֻ̫ˣŷݳϢȻԺ˯ˡ
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ԼŮˣڹŴɹˣȻͱǣⲻҪԼñ

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˵ԼƴǣΪĳЩԭһֱڳ˯Լƴѹ֮絽飬ԼеĲһ

649 С

649 С
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ôǳ˵㣬סҪĲ֣ϵԡȴɡ
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׼Եġ

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ȷ紵ţƴ彩Ӳȴû
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ôùִϹŶƴǵͷͬ⣬Ǹ⣬ֻǱĬܲС
˼ѾƴǴ˳Ҽ򵥵ãֻδƴȵȣҵȸһƬС
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񶼺ˣǿྡˡ
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651 ƴ

651 ƴ
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һϷҫƴֻҽԺĹ԰ϼСһΣֻ֮æء
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ߣƴǻҫϷbugͲĵطÿΣ֮߾ͻ°汾޸
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ܿ죬ֻʹ˶ŵ˵ϢԶҲֻӰ
ƴǽֻպã˵ֻк
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652 ŵСʿ

652 ŵСʿ
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һָϹϣûܳΪϹŮˣҲûΪϹʣ»ѪôҪϹ˵أ
㣬ү¶ĲǣȻں޵ֻԣһûгܿǼװݸϹϹҪȥʱţһƶֻҪԼˣ
һֻȾԤıģ
ϯȻĵףֻžɫҲǸĳ޺ͷŭ
磬Ҫ̶ⶾԲ̶µģ̶ֻ뱰΢ߣĽ㶼أôܻ¶㣡
ⶾµģ̶СүߣҪ¶̶Ȼ滨꣬дſǻū֪ݵͼκεᰭ·ģڸôҪ̶
Ȼִֻһʣ˵ĶͷͷǵϹüšһţȻĿ޿䣬ֻǳ侲ܶˡ
үһյĹ򣬶Ÿе¸һŲ֪ңڵȴŵʱҲһͬ鷿ȺģûʱȥЩʽֽţ̸ζĶҩˣ
ҡҷɫҡֻˮУԽԵᶨݵıӰ̲סۡ
үýȢӣĳ谮޺ҪԼ˼ĶҩҪ֪ŮҪľԼòˣû˻òע֮һĿܣò˾һȫˣˡ
ңүãүҲԼж벻Ż»֮ϲݺԼķֻҷʣҿȼǺޱүͷȣּñĺãԲҪһɣ
ΪľҪүңмΪΪˣ
Ȼһʱסƿԡ
ϹɫһĿ𣬷ŭĶųȻ֪ȻܶԼֻöԸЩУܸģϹģϧ֮ǰһֱûǷĸоֻܸȻһЩȨڸй̹һЩ
ڡ
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ιİǣ˼񶾣
үү̶̶û̶ûУȻŵùڵϣϹƵĽ̶ۣҪģ
ǵģȻûҪݺϹҪֻֻѣֻǲֻҪһڵһ棬Ȼܣֲ˵ϣǰҲΪȻԼҪ֮λûĥԭ
ֻҲҪݺݵĥȻУ
үԸ֤ףүɣԳȻ԰ĿߣֻٶȻϽ͡
ҩĿռˣƾϹ˸׳ҲȻûʲôúµģǳȻȴһˣ˶ͱҪиطأҪҩԴ;
ûв͸ǽֻҪϹԵһ¾ˮʯˡ
ȻɫҰףɫţ硭
ϹԶȥ
һаֵĴ󣬷ҪЩƭԴң
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Զֵ̿뿪ɳȻȴú˽һˮͷϣͷţ硭
ȻǷףϹĿ𺡣
ֻĴӵ΢̧ľȴŽ
ԺͻȻ˻ѣ⽫յػصӰζòͻȻһӰ򿪷ŵϹǰ
ү
үţ˵ϹǰȻ飺̶֪ʲôү˶ŭ

665 Ҳû

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ūĴūûܽŮүˡ޵ģūʱһֱæչү̶Ҳֻÿ»ؼҿһΣĹܽ
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ϹСʱڣһһҲ֪ãĻа֣ԴˡһֱϹչ
ֻģĿ⼥ĿϷͳȻԭǰôڶթĹŴģȻô׾ӵĶֶʰˣ۸ôҡ
үСչ˵꣬һүʼնǼǹģֻǡչ˹չˣΣ鰲Σ㣬ŮŮ㲻ΪСүչ˵֣һֱڹͲϳϱŮĺݶӺү
ο֮ʱүȷǻ˲ٵ˼ͬүͻʺҲ㣬Ůմ⣬ļүӵĳ̶ȣֻƽתȴһڣ֮ĵϹ̱üᶨ
뾡ٻ˵ǵļҲ棬ĲҵҵĿɶǷʲôЩ˲ٵˮ˰ɣ
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ϹĿһԲܿԶ㱨үûȻķҵҩ
ȻظȻ˵ĻûҩأǶ·ҲѵģȻûȳȻЦЦĽӲϡ
һһӰȻ֣ĹϹǰүȻѾߵķҵġ
ֻɢҩƿõϹǰ
ֻȻ򣬶ˣ㽫Ϲߵҹˣĵɽұۣ
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磬̶ҷģ
ֻ촽һĨЦǣɣûݺү˼ҷģûҪң
ֵݹģм䲢ûκ˲֣ҩҲѾߵķѳģ˸ϵĴżʱ鱻ˣЩҲΪؿƿʱɥȪҲû׷Ĺˡ
ϧıûܵóѣҲûгԽȥȰүȥ鶾Ӽ¶ˣݺɣҪϴԼˡ
ȻɫҰףǱֻʵƿԡ
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ү̶֪ˣүˡ̶ɣ
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硭
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ԺִУҲгţ˭ǵ˼Ȼõӣ
ҹԼලóϹĶŭˣʮ廹ˮƤĿ϶ûʲôˣǳȻͲһˡ
ңִеʱҪֱӴϵģôΧۡ
硭硭㵱Ƕ̶ֶû𣡡ǿȥĳȻĿϹһֱĵȷ̫ˣԼʵݣԼС㣬ǧˡ
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ٶȿ֮ǰϹĶסҪ˵Ļ
ԺĲҽ˷Ϲüšһ𣺡
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ȻûʲôˣҹѾˣǻȾްɣջҪ빬
ѾһˣȻûʲô󰭣Ǳȥĸ밲Ҳеǡ
˵ϹݣӦôڶαȥлģֻ°ߣϹֻ˵ͻȻƳһ졣
񡭡ֻȻѾƽĻôǶ˵Ķ򡭡ҲýˣֻߣϹҲ
յֻؾ°ɻȹƵķɫѩף峺͸ǧ˿һ챦ʯķ𣬸١
ǸոΪ΢ŭշ죬ദǸصֻһ顣
֮ǰദʱֻȻԼаĽȴǸ˼ؾɵˣ˵ʲôҲҶԼԽ׳ذ벽С֣ÿֻ˫ϸֳ뿪ԼĴ֮ʱϹģֻǰ͹µ壬Ϲʹˡ
ֻȻĿϹ˫ˮǰүǳ֮ûȥʺǰ밲лǵŵģȻˣүϢɣӲˬҲҪȥްЪˣ
䣬ֻȥϹɫתȥңһòԵĹԼķš
˷ֻ֮ϹǸֱҪˣ
ҪԲ
ΰɣ
Ȼֻ壬òԭʰһ̯ӣȴ屻Ϲһǰ㣬ôУֻѾѣǲѣǾֻҩˣ
Լִҽҩ䣬ҪôҪôþй٣ܹ鲻ԼԶֵģ
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ԲõģԭϹֻڴ֮ձ߻ǺܽӦģ鶯ҪԲҲȻӦڡϹҪֻˣ
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ϹȻΪֻڳͷԼҪԼȥׯϡ
ȥɾ޷֮ˣϹˣ
ӳȻʱϹ֣һֱĬĬϲϹֻϧݵ£䲻ϹڱȥׯӣϹܿľͻԼģ
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ǻʺҲԲӲܵģ
ȻڹеʱסڻʺģͻʺĹϵҲ׺񣬸аŻʺ˲ٵ飬ʺϹҪ
Ҳ˽ʺƢֻҪڻʺǰ׼һʺƢԣٺݺݵؿߣȻлʺʰֻ
̶ʵڲͬ⣬ֻܺһȥˣׯ棬ʱĺϣﵽͣһҲˣȴһ㻹ᣬ¶ϻС¼𣡡ĵ˵ųȻүҲֻǸүķȥׯϣүʱ㣬Ҳˡ
˶ǰʱ򣬿ĶĲõĵطеĻԹҲԽԽ࣬ǵ֮ˣῪʼ˼
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һɫҹϹͷ֮󣬱Ӱʧˡ
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ֻһˮɫ廨ȹׯֲʧǧ˿ɢڼͷһüһ˫ڣףͦҲʧ毺õݷֳߣʹӼУȺϹ¶һĨЦ⣺үˣ

668 ɹʶ

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Ϲ˫īһ˫飬ǵֻĸ첲˺ͬ»һ㣬Ũ⡣
һֱֻϹת·Լ
һ뿪֮һӰ֣ȥķĿת
׷üĽأתȥķС
ʱڰˣȻߵʱǲʼԺл֮ȥ絶ʡ
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ϹڵͨѾ߲٣
Ȼ˵ĸ٣׷Ϲڶͨµ͵һҲΪˣʼհȻĴС
ĸŮѣ׷ǰҪʲôǵЦֵ
׷һϮȹò㲻ýޣֻǿݣֻһü˵Ǹĺÿ
ģ侮ʯˣǰҲҪЦġƺһۿǵ飬׷ǳЦȻ
ҪʲôɲţǴǰڸпûʲô飬
ʹ׷ЦģҲԲæģ϶û¡
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Ĳƣ׷񲻵ûаƵԼѰ˻ľԲã鵭ȻĿôôꣿ
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Ȼᡣ׷˵ֱ˵һ٣Ҫ˵ĻҲ׷˻ȥҲҪôġ
￴Ű׷ǰµģʵҪʲôô
ûԶĵˣҲûԶѣֻ档
Ƶ׷ҪܸôֵʧΪһܺõ顣
ȻǳõȥпܣҪݣûпܣҲҪΪ檣޷ݵͨ׷żɽ˵ֿ
ҪҪóҪĳ̬ȣûа취˵˽Լġ
ȻͬүǴҶ֪ģ¿Щᣬţǳ綼ǰӣȻòݶȻ᲻Ϊүļ谮˵ԽĻǺڵһϳҲ޲ɡ
׷ЦºͣڲƢصսսԸѡ֪֪׵ȻʱǰȻȻﶨȻǵҵĺãһ֮Ҳʲô°ɣ
ദʱҲˣȻҲ鷳ģֻаȵĹ°뱲ӣأ
׷ѡȨ׸ò˵ˣ˵ĻȷǺܳġ
ֻԸδ˭֪ǸʲôƢԵģݲ½ŮˣҪүŮ˶ȷǴҶù
ǣȻͰ׷Ͳһˡ׷ʱãһֱܺͳȻƽƾһòͰӣȷǷʲô˻ģһ檻߲ҲǸ衣
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׷͵ү빬·ϣһӡҪʺȼٶøУҪڻʺǰ˵ʲôΪʱӣֻڣӿŲһ빬ǰʺо
׷񴽽ЦѰζҧо֣
ͫ΢ţһͲͳ󣬻Ȼ򣺡ˣ
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Ͼֻ֮տǽ˻εģôܸռ޹ȥ͵˲ܳŵļ֢ϹҪȥϽһҡǽֻϹϹɱԣ
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⻹ͷһڻʹȻߣ۵ףֻԾһʿκȾĿԺܲ빬Ǹδ֪ȻˣȺúһҲС
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ⲻֻ֪Ȼͷ羰ʱһӰȴǵ֮ŲҴҵĴ԰ֱӵ˷ﻪ
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ĪҪ˵ʲô˹ݺе֮࣬ǸͬһҲʤι°˵˱Ӷ֣ƫƫҪӹȥ㻹˵Լԭ򣿡
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̫ǰֻѪȻԣȴѪѪѹͷصĳ˼ܳܵļޣǡҪ˶õʱ䣬ͻΪϢ

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ҪֻҪûϵɣΪ̫ͷģҪҪµͷ򳼸޷ҵ׼ȷλã֡
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ȻֻҪ֣Ϊ̫룬ϻҧҧͷӦ
ɣֻҪ֪̫ͷ֮Ҳֶһ
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֪
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ڻ뿪֮ʣֻʱıԼ뷨ҽεʱ򣬲Ҫ˴ææһҪʮֵİĻ˼ѣҽεʱ򣬲뿴κ߶κ죬δóģǻ˴£е˶Ⱥ򣬳ҪˣֱӺˡ
򣬳ǲұ֤̫İȫģ
ŽָͰٱҽҩ䣬ǿ­ҲһҽϸҪ̵ǵһԿֻûо飬ҪžԵѣһСҪǱ˴ţԲһֻ
Ǻֻ޷ԤƵġ
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̫ҽԺЩϵ̫ҽûа취һʮѾͷȻ裿
дɻڵֻȴǲĽҽҩ˳ҪҩƷҩе˳ֻĿ˳̫ͷ
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ĸôźã
ֻҪˣϹޱȵֻͬʺ飬õʱʹֻģϧûкڵˣ

676 κ

676  κ
ֻʺüĽšĿǳµ񣬱ҪʰҲˡ
Ѿڻϵǰ˾ĺͱ֤ҲĵҪֵɽ󶪸ֻ˶ûа취ǡ
ڣҸеĻὫдεú̫ҲͰˣβãֱӽó˵£Ի̹°߶飬Ϊ˹˼ةͽ棬һֱûзϢĴţֻܵ˴̼Ѿ񲣬Ųò˵
ֻʺĿ˸ڲΪԼĻǶе
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ʱҩҩЧ⿪ʱ
һҪʮʱ̫ߣһ̫Ҫ̫ﲻҪҶǣ˿ڣ֪ͨһ̫һЩҩǿȬˣʱҪ̫ҲԣֻҪŪͺˡ
ҩЧδȥʱǰ̫ѣǹʹҪİˣ
­ǵһĺ沽軹Ҫټѵ̫֮ԼĽָȥҡ
ֻý֮󣬱תȥƫϢȥˡ
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Ϲ̫ܲôؼʱԼȥû취
ЩۣϢˣ˵գֻֻͬ񣬲Ϲϵɫ뿪Ѹ١
ϵ˼Ҳ˵̫ϣûкֻƽϣҽŮˮĳ˴֮ڣȴֻķԸŵСĿ̫ߡ
Ϊ׵ҽڽܵϵʾ֮ĵĴ̫ɫصϸȴƬ̹Ŀɿڴ
һǰλ̫ҽ˵ı飬ߣĿѹż𺳵ġ
ڻϵָ֮£Щ˱³Ǭ
ϣ̫ļ֢ĺˣ
΢ʱ򣬷̫Ѿƽͣƽȣȷۻ˯״ֻ̬Ҫ̫ϢƬ̣֮ҩϸ壬ձȬˣ
˻
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Щü֮µһ˫ӥϲĵٶȷϣǵ棿
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ҽ˵οĪڿҽ߳ĴزڴĲ˾κã²ԼΪűҲŸˣ࣬οֻκõĻһˣǣ̫ҽԺҽ̫һˣ
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ǣ
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˳ŵģͳϹĻϣڿϹֶ˼˳ۡ
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һֻϵĴʵ̫ˣʵҪһЩʱܡ
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ƼԼͺͷģȻѾӹŮĿ֪Լ֪ΪҪԼŲò²ߵģǻǲɵþú˸С
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̫˳⻨ͭеֻ֣ЩɣǰðҺúõĿ㣡
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ͷȻҪȴҪͷû˻ٳûȴˡ
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Ƶۿ£̫һ˫΢΢Щʪ󣺡Ѿͷ
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Һã̫񣬻СҲԱסأ
𣬹ֲôҶϲ㡣
̫еֻ֣ƺֻȾһƵҲ˺ܶ࣬ЦݿĿֻѾͷ˵ûʲôҪģ˰ҵҺ޲ýõĶ͵ǰϧҲϲã˼ˣ
̫˫ΪЦгһ϶ϵЦݴУǸֻСĺøУαֻʺ˵Ǻúܶˣֻգգ۾̫䣬ƴǣʵǱֻϣ̫念硭
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á
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ʱϹʼԼʱŨʱ򣬽Լĳƺǽ֮ձ°֮ϹĿڳ˻ǬУϹҪֻǣֱֱȫֻڡԼֵ̫˻ϵʶֿʼǵĳƺˡ
ֻƤˡ
үк𣿡ֻĮ룬ϹԸ⡣
ϹĿãϱȴǿװ򶨵ģؼҡ
ˣүĺˣڻѾǲฮ·ϵãԼȥֱֻԲľܾ
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ϹһĴǱĲԣ֪ίֻҪͬȥһĽģ
ֻüĽĿϹֻöʱˢԼۣ֪ԼĲˡ
Ϊ˹ͣڻϺ̫ǰϹһҪɣĺĸ󣬸ոջҪɱԼôҪһ䱧Ǹֻ
ϹڰԼ̰ڵĦǽֻ̰ڵĦأ
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ֻɫ࣬ҪѿϹүҪʲô
ýǧ谮ҲҪʼвŮͬˣ
үȻŻǻҲûʲô˵ģǸ֪֮ˣ뿪Բүҡ
ϹĿ⵭ĮȻ˲ͷ֮ǰֻûôǿҵռɲ֪ΪʲôֻħһȲҪռ
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ֻԽԼϹǯֱƬ̵Ĺ򣬰ϸ۵󴦱ѾһƬۡ
ϹǰԵļֻԣһֱֻ۴ֻϸ޹ǵӽԼϡ
ϹĮķԸţŵĳ򲻸죬һ󼲳Ѹٵĵ˽

679 ⷢ

679  ⷢ
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ֻһ·Ϲգǵ˽ϹҲɲɿһ·ϵɫĿ£Ʊˡ
ڰ۲ŵ￴Ϲ˲ɫɵ¶ϲ׷İ취ûȥ빬ʺ״ȻǸֻܵͷ
ز֮󣬾ܿϹֻϳ˰ɣ
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壬źԺȥãҵ׷񣬼һ½ȥһҪֻûзĿܣ
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һִ߿Ƽоģһֿ˲ٵЧҩ
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ϹַŭĿԼ壬Ŭ˼ζվ
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ȴһϵеıʡ
С㣬С㡭û°ɣǵˣϲʹ˹涵Ŀֻ
ֻѸ٣Լ˵ԼĴ㣺ʱæ˵ʲôҪֱȥһฮҵ
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680 ֱ

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ǧΣҲǺһǸеƴǡ
Ǹ̫ʵÿ̲סᡣ
еƴʮ꣬ȴԾ³һ᲻ݡ
֪ǧǸʲôģֻȴ̲סԥᣬҪЩȥƴǣȥƴǡһصޣҲûһ
С㡭
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С㡭ֻǴȥһӣ˺ġ
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ةʲôᣬҲԸ͵ģةñмЩҪ׿ںͻ˵ģ
ةݵ鲻ү⻰˵Ǻε
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ϳڶүةֱ׳үȻѾôϳͲòҪ˵һˣһֱϳ飬ӭȢŵʱҲ֤ҪúõĶԴ򼴱үϳҲȥָģ
ү˵ʵǲڳ֮ŰˣԲŸϳ˸ôһҪеĴڻϣ
үδҲ̫ˣ
ϳûأة˵ķŭ
Ϲةµƿԣ㡭
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˶֪ةֻƫϹҪ֮֮ϣةֱӰ˽
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үҪʲô
ŽŲҴҶȥҹةɫҲų
ϳǳеһƷԱүҪѰϳĸլҲҪϵɲſԽȥóȻȥδҲ̫ûϷˣ

687 ƾʧ

687 ƾʧ
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ةЦǽ£֪˽һƷԱĸլѰǺε𣿡
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δ̫ˣ
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ةٶǰֱϹүǶѹˣڿ𣿡
ȻүҲҪ̫ˣ
ةʣ
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688 ɳ

688 ɳ

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ǧεĸɿȼͼԼΣֻҲʶԼĿĳ㣬æջ񣬾Ŀǰ·¼ƴǣʱֻҲڴģ
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ڼ䣬֮Ѿҳһš
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689 ͵͵ҽϹ

689  ͵͵ҽϹ
ֻֻĺҪɤһ㣬ǣƵӰǰ
ټЩ˶õĻųԼǰָоá
ŵҲԾʧ۽ǣ̵ֻͷȥƴǵ
ƴһھͿ˳һƴǵעͺģʱ򷴵ƴǾԼ
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Ϲ֮ǰˣɳǲĹɫҲǲ԰׵ˡ
¶Ŀڴһ˰ȴңôϹҲǰ취һʱ֮޴ֻ֣ǰٶȳһЩͼ
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ͷôһֱϹڣ
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氮Ҳ޵ΰİɣϹ֮仹ֻܸܵĴڣֻѸٳƶϣӡ
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ո˫۵ϹȴǲŵĿǰ涵ֻҡ𣿡
桭ҾȻм㣬桭ã
ϹǱ΢Թŵ˲Ϊ֮ݣֻǰץסϹ˫֣ӡԲ𣡡
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ǻá
ֻĪѹҲһЩԭĸеģԭҲϹЩģֻǰˣǡ飡
֪ɳǵôΣգҪ
ԭһֱϹľҪϹԶһЩУûҪϹȥ鲻õʱҲûڿϹ뿪ǵʱԭлһĪĿɬᡣ
Բ𡣡ֻ̲סǽͷϹ󴦣
ӣһҪȥ
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ǰֻܸĻᣬҲǰûźˣ
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ƴȻûлشȴֱת뿪ǧҲһӪڶʱֻʣֻϹˣš
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ϹЦЦʧѪɫĴŬϮһĨ΢Цſ޵ĲӵֻֻۺΣûд
á˵Ǹġң
ԡԲ
Ϲ۽ǻһĨ᣺ԭԭǴӦ㣬ҡһŬɳǽҵȻ󡭡ȻĽӭȢŵģϧϧûã
ûܡûܽҵҲҪˡ
ϹޱȰˣѹֻ絶ʡ
ԼϵʹϹĵǣûа취ԼİŮһδҪΪԼѹ
ֻܵˣŻԼŮ˿ġ
ֻ΢΢Щ㵣ϹķӦӦǻ֪ԼѾ׵飡
ƴǻûи
Ҳԣ
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ֻлţлʱȥԺ飬ˣʲôûˣ
ⲻ㣡
ӣ˵㲻ģȺú˯һ֮һжõģ
ֻƴϸֱͣӽԼҽҩеҩ˳ֱӸϹˣϹٶ˯֮УֻӪĻҽҩеҽеҲȫ˳
ͼʼϹȡ

690 ֤漣

690 ֤漣
ҺֻʱڴѧʱѧȫޣĽṹ˽⣬ֻǵʱѡרҵʱóпƣпҽҽеͬʱнָĽͼ
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ʱһһĹȥֻҲֶ룬Լ˫ּǲŵģҲǴ졣
ڣֻǰѧ֪ʶʵָֺǸڼʱ֮󣬽ļͷȡ˳ҺûģϹҪˣ
ϵıȽɺˡ
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ԼҪ˭ֻܹ
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ҽеպֻ֮ҩʱ䣬ιϹһЩִֹʹԭЧҩſ۵ϹĴ˯ˡ
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ĿڴģܻѾ漣ˣҪźʹǰһǲˡ
ҽΰɣ
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ڴǰȴʼնڿţ֣֡
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Լ߶߶ģǧҲ죬ڰˡ
ƴȴǲκڵķȥҪֻܷʲôˣƴǵУһֺǿҵĸоϹתǺֻеĹϵġ
ҪƴֻΪ㻹ŵģϾֻֻǸŮûôı£

691 ദ

691  ദ
ˮ峺˳ϷκĺˮֻˮУֻ泩ϧߵʱæûܴϴѣҲٽҲѵȹˡ
̫ѾӪĵط̣ȻֻپҲҪӺˮгˣһ쳹״ˣҲ˶ЩʿԼһӣܲá
ֻڸأںˮлҪԼѵԱߵʱͻȻǰһӰֻг

ɫǰ
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ѾתȥֻȻûм棬ǴĨıӰУֻһ۾ϳǸոԼˡ
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ƴǣ
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ƴǵͳɳƵ΢Щɡ
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ֻɵúһͣƴǾԲ͵ģӦֻйɿԼʲôֵ뷨ġ
ֻüĽ壬̽ŵĿڣ𶯣һѣ
ƴǳĬֻǻˮٶȿ˰ѴãϧΪͻȻ˸Ӱֲֻŵڴæ֮佫ԼŪʪˡ
²ǶգϴŵҲǵʪŵѼ㴩ڵЧҲǺԣ෴Ϊֻ£·ǴֵȻоˡ
ֻ굽طȥиЩգΪ֪ʱƴǵǶԼƫģΪϹ̽ӴϢ
ֻǸĺĻŮˣֵϹġ
ԭѾƴǵûкӡˣºˣֱֳһ棬ӡҲˡ
΢죬ˮЩͣЩ⡣
硣
ʪ͸ֻɵô˸磬˫ֻǰҪĵط֪ô졣
ʱôֱӻӪʣһ·ϾҪʿˣǲأܾܲôվŵϵˮˡ
ҲҪˡ
ֻյʱ򣬲ԶƴؽԼϵīɫ
ϰɡ
ǵĻκεĸ飬ֻȴƴǵıӰů⣬ǰ˹Ĺؼλá
תˡ
ֻƴǹòԵ񣺡лл
֪λǺݣ
ƴϹ֮ŴϹģƴǻûֱֻӾͽгƴǵݣҪװ֪顣
ƴ΢΢üӵľʦ
ʦˣлл磬Żȥ֮ϴɾ֮ٻ
ƴǱĿڡ
ֻ΢΢ףеĲᣬͬƴǸ֮뿪ˡ
ƴֻҴҵӰüĲɵý壬Ŀ⸴ӣ顣
Ӫڡ
ԾϹĴǰϹһϱתǹڻͷѽ⣬ȴ޴֣޴̽
ϹѾˣܲΪԼĺģȥЩ˿ڸǿɣ
Ǹ˼ҲûǸӡ
ҽ߸ĸģҪϹԼˣһӢɾϴˡ
ֻʱ㿴һģ̲ס͵Ц
ֹˣ
ֻ˸⣬ϿֻһֱϹߵģֻһ֪׷ʲôŻϹ
ţˡ
кԸ𣿡
΢΢㵣ֹﾹȻ֪Ϸ
ָָֻϻ˯ŵϹҹѵʱ˵ģҪлôӵչˣת֮һúõлл
Ƶۿ£һ˫۾ŽֹϿһֱӵĴǰģ
ֻʵĵͷ԰ôˣ
ϣɻӵǰУѹûϹƺתΪֻⷽ롣
ܾûĸڱְæŻ˵ġ
ֻˮ峺ҡҡͷûһֱҺڵģұ˯ˣʲô֪ˡ

692 Ĺ

692 Ĺ
ֻĿֿ˵ҲܳϿҡ
ȷϹˣҲæ˯ˣûʲôƭĵطʣµģûʣǾ͹ֲֻˡ
ֻĻشô᣿
ôأ
ⲻܵġ
ʰԼҩ䣬ߵʱĿ˼ĿŴϵϹǲ鲻Ϊʲô
Ҳʵ˾ñƵġ
ѵĴ漣ɣ
ֻЦ⣬뿪֮͵͵ιһЧҩϹĿУǡôʱϵϹ˫ۡ

㣿ǲУ
ϹдžϲȴΪԼʶĶǣ˿ڣ۵ɫǺ죬һû˵
ֻͷһϹߣӣ廹ҶһҪúõڴˣʲôҪֻܿڷԸͿˣõģ
Ϲ˵ĵطǿָ࣬ոҩľӦѾˣ˿ڱ۵ܣ㶯˿ڣƣǻʹġ
ֻǱҽ߸ĸĵȥչϹģⲻ֪Ϲȴ˸ζ
ҾȻû
Ҳڰǰɡ
ϹֻĻԹԵڴδֻҲˮоȻЩлⳡزֻ
ֻ̬ҲǴǰôĮһһжǶԼĹģһôãõϹϵʹһȾԼû
һСҸôʵ
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ֻϹűǵ΢΢һ٣ϹŨǽܲǣܾҲǡ
ܡҲ˵Ѿ޸ϹûˣϲҲϹܾϹأһֻ˵˻Ϲͷ֮ǰһŬ׷ˡ
ϾĪ
һҪˣһҲܱ۵Ĳಡ齣οһزϹ
ֻüĽ壬΢ЦŵĿϹӣҪǰʱҩúõĽãǲԼ
ϹתһЩֻ̹Ѿ˵飬Һ˵⡣
ڸϣû˭Ժ˭
ֻаͲ
ʵģϹֻܰ˼Ҳܵоֻжֻãһкöֻͷϧ
ֻȴʼնϹ
ǴԽǰǴԽ
ԽǰԭϹһеעԼϣȻϸᣬҲȱţϲӢһˣϹӢģϹ˱΢ġ
ڴԽֻϹûʲôӴҲȻûʲô飬ϹΣϾΪԼǰ²ΣģֻҪȻ
Ȼ֮˱ûǣˡ
ãϹĵͷҲȷ۵ýˣ±˶˫ۡ
ϵ˿ڹҩľֻۣºҲ͵͵һЩֹҩȴҲǱˮнġ
Ϲ˻˯֮УֻɵһǿԼϻˮȹЩܡ
Ҳ֪ûмߵĴæûܴѹϴһֲ̫ãܲôһֱŰɣ
ƳϹӪڵĴӣֻͻȻһ
ϹӦûܶģʵڲװҲɣϹ˯ˡ
ֻӷ˷һǺԼϵĳߴģתӪʣȥһû˵Ӫʻó
˵ˣǻװҲڵòǸһζС
ǧŻϴѹʱ򣬿һװֻ΢΢ЩϹѳߴЩƫ㽫첲ӺͿŸպãʱΪ۶糺죬Ϲϴϣҩ
С㣬˸׼ġ
˵Ҳ֣Ӳ֪ΪʲôͻȻȥ׼Ůѻ͵ֻǰڿװֻǧˡ
ֻ̫ˣֻûô
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ǧã˵ǾӣֻϹ˼ֻȴףǧһӣ˵ƴǡ
Щѣƴ׼ġ
ǿںӱ߾ȵԼ˰ɣֻĿĳһĵطʲôһ㣬ҲԾĹһĨȡ

693 ̹

693  ̹
ֻҪţһжпܺϣģڵƴлǶ͸ңţһƴǶԼ׸Ĺ۵ġ
ǧֻЩ΢΢Ĵǣʲôû˵ת뿪ˡ
ƴĨ֥ӰվӪ棬ֻı鿴۵ףϴŵɫ߸ˡ
ӣѾȥˣСû˵ʲô
ǧ֡
ƴһ֮˳Ĭ
ִЧҩϹϵƻָѸ١
żյĹ򣬱Ѿܸо˿ڴ⣬̫ͬоľӣòҩϹǿ׳ָٶҲѸ١
ЩʱֻһֱϹߣʱͬ˵һЩϵĹ£Щʱ򻹻ιҩţѾȹֻ̣Ҫٵȼղϵ߾Ϳˡ
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ϹЦӯӯĽӹֻҲƺҪγˮ
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ϹԽԽھͶ̹ףҲЩܴʹ߳ʱദֻϹǿŵɾģӦֵøõŮӦΪԼ޷԰Ρ
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ֻ촽΢ţϹΪֻҪͬ£кõĹӣĵĵȴֻڡ
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ϹǵЦ⽩ӲϣֻҲǳţ桭ЦЦ
ֻȴٶȿڣᶨɳһߵʱҼˡ
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Բ𡣡
ֻ۽΢ʪЩǼ΢ᣬʱʵǴ˵ʱɻᣬοŵϹǾѣҲҪ˵ס
ȻȱŻԼҲҺܺãҶ֪ϧȴû취ϲ㣬ҲԹ
ֻĻ˵ϹȻϣһʧ
ϧȴұҪ뿪ԶһЩʱ嵭ҵĸ飬ҲǶõĽ취ȴûҪɳǣҪȥ
Ҳ֪ɳǵôΣգԲ𡣡
ĶԲ𡣡
ֻʣϹʱиܣʵ̫ˣõֻû취ټƭֻٵԭƳѹʵ
֮ԻǰΪ˵ˣΣҪ㣬Ҫչ˺á

Ϲͷ˲۽ЩʪȴǺܿıѹȥ
ٶ̧ͷֻϹֻģԳЦЦһڼ֣ڻ룬Ҳ㡣
ʵֻֻһζϹ˵ϲԼĻϹԸţֻܾһ㣬ٺһ㣬ֻ綼ᰮԼġ
¡
ֻҪɳս֮أҲԹԣΣŵǶԲֻߵʱӦֻŬɳǽҵ⽫ֻӭȢȥ
ϧȴôûá
֪ģ͸֪ģֻϧ
ֻϧ֪һȴɹִģԸҪУֻҪֻڴΡ
ϹϲֻϹȴɵӡ
ɳǺ;ԶɳΣգֻһŮ֮ǧ谮ฮǧλһ˲ԶĵߣӦƴϧҪԲԸŽֻӻİɡ
Ȼֻ˵ԼҲһֱԼʧȥŵϣһֱû̹ףԼϵƺˣҲθ˵ʱˡ
ǰŮˣϹֻ絶ʡ
ӶʱϲŵŮˣһֱڣѾ˰
ڰ˭ϲ˭ʼ΢ϹѾ֪ˣȴű΢Σֻܻת⡣
֪ԲԼ
ȴǡ
һ㶼ޡ
Ųǰ΢ĵطɡ
𡭡ѹ
ϹŬŬü֮ŻĿڣʱ䣬һֱҵߣⱲֵʱ⣬лл
ⱾͲ㣬һֱҵһԸ
ֻ˵ģϹһֱ֪飬һֱڼֲϷֻܹ
ȴǲʵ㣬ܹǰ㣬ҾѾܿˣھˣҲĸԸ

694 Ұ

694 Ұ
ӡ
ֻϹĵͳжȻһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôźˣϹҲԼĳ֮󣬱㲻˱ӪھĬãԡ
㣬ֻڴ˳Ĭ
ӣڵ廹ڻָĽ׶ΣҪϸעţѾͽ³ˣʵҲı䲻ˣǶעԼӣĪٶԻЩرĸˡ
ֻϹǺñ֮󣬱Ծ˵һԱ־롣
ϹЦЦȴתƻ˵˻ɾӪеƣҪĴɢɢģ
ֻɳҲкЩˣЩʱһֱ²ػԼߣʵίˡ
ϹֻѾ˵ʵ
ֻü룬ʹıӦˣ밡ʲôɢĵĵط𣿡
ȴȷǴˣҡлǹǧҸϹѾָˣʣµıʱ׸ԭˣҲǸóȥߣǧܿˡ
ʱæδˣֻͲ֪ԼҪʲôʱټǧˣ
ܶأɳȻƶ񤣬мȴǴŨķ飬ǾмģҪȥĻұ˻ȥ
ԺúõȥһȦƺֻĿȾϹеҲһɨգɵĿֻȥһЩϲĶ
ͬϹ˵ʱֻϹ˲ٺóԵСԺ죬Щξεģִûж
˵䣬ϹֱӴݳһƱֻɨһۣǧ֮࣬ȵŴͣӡòôӵģ
ڵˮƽ͹һǧ˼һҰˮˣֻȥԼ棬ЩСġ
Ϲȴν˵ţûϵŰɣھӪҲûӵĵط
ֻ˼תתӽıҪɼˣ޿ˣһű˶˾Ͳˣ
ãϹ΢΢򴽣顣
ֻȴǾԵ˳ȥӪ̳׳Ӱ֮ǰǱϹߵ书ǿʿ
ֻ뿪ãӪڱһĨӰƴһ°ɫƵĳ⸴ӵĿʧǵϹ֮ǰֻڵʱܼװ΢ЦװԼܻֻתǿ̣ϹȴԼĺǼ尾Ƿ͹һ㡣
ԭİ˷ôѣԭЩȫҪѱſ
ϹˡϹ׵ĴѵʳԼѾȷȴĵ⡣
ƴǳĿ⣬һزһߵǸʱ򡣡
Ůˣֵȥ˼
ЩϹĶлĴ̶࣬ƴ˵һЩĻƭϹҲıʵݡ
Ǻǡ
Ϲ۽΢죬Щʪ󣬸ЦǺǡ
̫ˣµʱɳǵʱ֪ԼһǷܲˣǻȥҲҪҵΪ˱ˣֻΪܳΪֻϲģֻϧ
ûüŬֻѾ˱˵ӡ
ѾģԹˣҲ޼¡˵Ϲƴǲɵüͷ壺ϾڵʵȷǲϹŮϲ
ֻӵоԵʵſȥѡԼҪģ򡭡ֻĿԼϲˣϲĶߣ
ôпᣬǿǱ㲻ֻǵòԼϲ˻߶ܵõˣҲػסǻᱻǿߡ
ϹеıȥĿãȻĿƴǣ˼ǡ
ҿ԰㡣
ƴǱϹã£³ôһ仰ҿ԰ѸٳɳΪˣϹҲᱻȥʱ˵ʱˣ
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ѸٳɳΪˣ
ƴǵЩϹĶ޵ħһϹ޷ܾȴʶѿʳΪʲô
żȻĻᣬϹƴǻƴ֮ҲԼǺƽȵĹϵƴǲǷԼʲôԼҲǷƴʲô񡭡ƴ˵Ҳæ
Ϊʲôأ
ͬģڰﵽҪĿ֮ҲҪȥ飬ҪæϹʵ£ƴģΪ
ģҪΪȥ㲻Ը飬ֻҪڹؼʱһ֮

695 

695 
ϹǸӵĿ⣬ƴǵȻĲֻѾˣܿ죬Ϲһ·׷ֻһδߴߣ롭һֱ𣿡
һֱ
ƴƽ˵ĻȴϹĿڣϹһͣɫҰףԺиǸ˺ܶǰֻһĻ档
ÿֻҪϹֵĵطֻбûԼڵĵط
ϹԼΣʱȢֻţɳǣֻٶȴԼǰߡ

ϹֻҪһ뵽ˣбһŭŲʡ
ľô֣ĽֻøϹ
Ը⣡
ûκεԥϹشĸɴ䡣
ƴǵȻɿʲôֻǵĵͷ˵һá
һ㡣
վֻߣûڱȵù㣡
ɳмȻͬϹ˵ǰ֣Ҹ־ûйɫܶɳǰջԼķϰߣһЩʳֹƷ
ֻԳԺȺһ·ҲŴá
ǴԽʿе̬ȣǡһʰ̯ӣʰо֡
㷹Ҳֻ˶ֻ֣ĴʼѰɳǾڵʱݣɳǵʱ䲻ܾãǧʲôʱ򣬾Ǹ糾ŮҲ޴֪
벻Чİ취ˣֻֻ׾İ취ȥҵе̯¥ݵǰһӱǰҪǧȥܿǷ糾Ůӡ
ǰĹɳǵ㶼ֻѹεˡ
ҺϹӺܶ࣬Ҳܸࡣ
ֻЩӷɢǣװɸʱͻᰵмģԼʵбõĻȷЩ˶Űݡ
ǿһҪסҵĻһҪ˵ɽıһ˵ŮˣǸŮ˲İΪɱֻĿء
Щ׼Ǻأ
ǵĻͳˡ
˳ɻѻ˵Ҳͳˡ
ǧǲţԼµʱҲűܻ䣬ô޷ϲǸ糾Ůˡ
סˣסˣİɣСһὫԸ׵ģǼҲˣͳˣһӵС۾Ӧ
ɳƶ񤣬ֻȥа˰ӣЩӱ㹻һĿ֮ұˣһǲʲô̫ѵ飬ֻҪظһλͿˣôܲˡ
á
ֻе֮ͻȻ·һɱŵֵмͿ޺˷
ããϵŭǳ⣬۶УϵӰЩײС̷ֻ̯εڵϿ߰
Ϊʲôôడ
Щɱĵٵģ
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˻֪˭ֻȴһ۾Ϳеı־ǽı־
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ֻ첽ȥ
һͷӪڣȻǻҩζʮˡ
ϹһϮĽۣһϺõ֬ĵĿĶŴϵϹЦ֡

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û뵽ɳƶĵط㣬ϡ¡
ϹԴ֮һֱŹ˵ģǿϺõӣúɳĻ߸롣
˵ɱ⡣
ϻ˵ûͬ׷㾹ȻܣЮԼĵõֵȼϱˣϹĵ΢У۴Ϲ
ǴѾֻʣһ
ôֿʼҿţʹǰЩ̫һˣ
뿴ԼҲΨΨŵŵĶˣȻϹȴֱԼ˫ûаֵã
Ǹ
ھпҪˣҲûҵֻ䣡
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696 Ϲ

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̽ӻرھӪпһŮӰ룡
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㲻ƽϣҲֵ壡
ǴӳƺϣѾ㹻ֳ˵ĸˣϹΪǻʵ۵ճΪ˴ӱܸɣǵûϵƣǸճͣѾ˷ţһƷĽ¡
ϹͱϹȴ޽Ϊľګ壬ûϵĳ谮ҲֻǸӰˡ
ôĵӣȻĸҹȻֻɳǣ
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ϹܾϹʱһӪ洫֮ļŵա
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ֻҪܾϹǵģöģǿϹʹվѡĬĬܣϷҪȫףܸϹ𸴾Ͳܸϣʧʹࡣ
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ˣ
ֻϹֻýĻʱˣҲĪ˺ܶˡ
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ǰǵȷй˵ģǱϾҪбȽϣܶԱȳ˭ǿ˭
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ƺҫһ㣬Ϲֱǣֻ֣Ҫֻʮָۣ
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үֻ΢΢ЦЦźۼĽϹƿүȥһ𣿡
кЩҪȥү԰æȥЩź𣿡
ָָֻĻǻеЩϹɵǳ˳ϹڳΪҲӦϺֻװɶ޵ģ
á
Ǳȥ㰲ţЩʰ
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һҪţŻ
ϹĿ˸
ƴȴǻϹֻͬȥӰ˼ĿϹ
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дɳСⶼϹҲɫ˽ֻߣϢǱĿ¡
㲻Ըңӽ뿪ΪɳϹ
ǲҲ㣬Ͳٻȥˣ
ΧӰְŵˣտУֻʣֻϹˣϹҲ㲻ǿαװˣŭյĵֻֻѾ˵ܶˣǱģ
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697 ؾ

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˵ŮռģһռˣǱŮ˻ӿ¡
֮ǰֻΧתʱϹܲûǿҵĸܣֻǾֻòةڳоأֻĿⲻֻԼˣʱȥͷ׷Ϲ
㼫̶ȵļϹеռ޷ܡ
Ϲǣסֻ󣬲ϳʹı飬ͬԼĿֱӣ޸һϹû˹ϵ֪𣿡
׼ҲԲٱߣ
Ϲ˫죬ֻпһڵϹˣʲôĵطϹʲô
úǰ
ԱŭϹֻ˼תתôĿ䣬Ҳû˳ϹĻ˵żŭĻǡۿ΢졣
ǰкݺݵһԼĸ첲ŴﵽЧ
үֻһڱίϹ׵ŭʱɢֻһʱ֮侹֪˵ʲôźˡ
үǲŻȻˣαػǻأ
֮ǰ֮ձߣүĻֻʱ˵ĺúõģԺԻãŹ˶ãӡǵĸľúͰ粨ģʼղԸŻ
ֱֻϹ
ϹУȴǿֻǳˣ˸ϲŮԼǰʾΪл𱣻

ϹŭŴǣ̽ŵʵǱ𣿡
ֻ˵ͷ֮ǰ˵𡣡
ΪزҪһ棬Żᱻ¸ģҲ֪Ӷĸ飬ҲûҪһʱ֮бΣúүڶУӦǣһۡ
֮󣬾Ȼ漣ĺˣɳǺ;ԶˣӱɳǶ漸ٻȥ²ģʱһֱɻң
ָֻĿѻŵĺӣЩɶɳԻıÿԶסϹ졣
Ϲ΢΢Щݡ
ֻ̬ȼүûκε뷨Ҳ֪ģ򵱳㲻үһˡ
֪үǺģȴһ׼˱㲻ĵˣүǱǱȥˣֻֻԼ˵һ֮ϵļƤˡ
û취ϹӺ񻹺ãֻҲûô³Ұˣǽſֻ󣺡ǱĲԡ
ҲΪ̫ںˣԲŻôţģҲؾϹ̬ȣĺֻӦԶҪ뿪˺𣡡
Զ뿪
ڵġ
ֻ˼Ƭ̣ݸЦãӦֻҪû㲻뿪ġ
ү¿˰ɡ
Ϲͷ
ֻ׵ģֻҪȾǸصŮˣͺϹ˹ϵˣҲȵڣϹزڴʱ̽ӴϢյʱϹǸ״ϹҪֻʲôҲ
ҡҡλΣϹѾˣû·ΪֻǷԸЩ·յĹӱ޵»ص˾ǡ
ɳ֮شľˣžǱĪֻнĿϹү°ʱæɲȻฮһˣȥ˵һȻ˼ʹˣһֱʲôˣ
ֻʧʱ䣬ȻǧѾةϢ˵ǽֻȥɳˣةΪ˶ĿΪ˲ϹɣҲװżĵĴѰֻ䣬񡭡
ֻ˵ҪฮƽҲûʲô
ϹüĽһɡ
ɺ£ֻฮ֮󣬱ʧˣǳ֮󣬻кҪ黹ûأ
ϲֻˡ
ãֻתתǹһĨЦ⣺Ǳͷүˣ
֪Ϲ룬ҲֻǼ򵥵ıƽžˣûʲôñܻġ
תȥฮ
Ϲͬ⣬ֻųĳԸʻֻʯͬฮĴŽǰ۱ţֻ˵Ĵ̤ฮ
ةҲպ³ңϵĳδü£ƼֻӯӯЦ

698 ٻؽ

698 ٻؽ
ʱδʱ棬õżŮİΣŮĲǣԭ£ֻӯӯҪة
ة༰ʱķסֻ۽΢΢ЩʪĿ´ֻֻȷƽԵķ
ȻյֻȥɳǵϢɳǵƫԶսʱеȷһֱڼǹֻģֻŵǿˡ
ͺãͺˣ
ةͷֻļ
ֻҲۿ΢죺ţʱŮûܿ࣬ӵֻϣŮܼһ棬ûΪŮҲתΣΪ֮Ůÿɳй䣬
үȥɳԽŮ˻
ֻ˵ʱ۽ƳϹڵķةһ٣ֻ˿ܣʺѾֳֻɱ⣬ֻǶȻҪؽģϹȴֻߣ
ةѯֻ
ֻȴݸһЦʱ䲻ˣүѾȴŮܾˣŮ㲻ȴŵˣүպпٻ̽ģŮչ˺Լġ
㡭
ةĿϹ
ֻЦţŮ֮ǰүȷЩģڻ·϶Ѿ˵ˣүҲŮǸˣԺúõĴŮġ
ǲǰүֻüĿ⿴Ϲ
Ϲɫ΢䣬ֻεĿµͷǵģةģԺúõĴģԲṼŮ޸ΣҲṼԱĸ顣
˺ˣ㿴㣬αô棡ֻЦӯӯĽӹϹĻة˵үĳŵµ԰˰ɣ
ôϲʹҲʰһºŮһȥɣ
˵һ仰ʱֻةգգʾةలģͷҲصĸϹ뿪ˡ
ԭǴֱ̫֮ҪһʥּϹƲϵû뵽ϹôеҪӻǲǾϴβٵ񫣬ҪһΣ
ֻǹһĨЦ⣬ٳȫһΣлǰĥĳ˻ûʰһȥˡ
ֻ˹ɣϹҲ࣬ة֮󣬱ֻһ·ɱ˽

δȻֱׯӣ˵Ц裬ƽֻֻةฮбһӿг׷ҲʱƶģҲڰЩŬûа׷ѣ£ģı߻һƣ¾㱸
ֻҪЩϹĳӣԶԼһϯ֮ˡ
Ϲĺӣ׷㲻ɵ糺죬ߵĵͷʱȻϹÿʱǲģΣֻҪϹͿˡ
ϹϾҪˣ׷ٲȻһŮ˵ģ׼ڴſڵȴϹĹ
ϵЦ⻹δüȥڼͣڴǰУĨӰЦݽӲϡ
Ϲˡ
֮ģ
ֻ
ǻةฮˣѾүԸٻ
Ϊʲôֳˣ
ʱֻһ̵ĴһϮɢˮ̲ݰȹǧ˿򵥵Ƕ챦ʯĺţ£Ө͸ֻһȥĻ
׷Ů˿ţƲĿ⣡οأ
׷жʱ˼ʣǣһ׽۵ϹȴȻվԭعַֻ
СġϹһıᡣ
ֻĶϹЦţүģ֪
վһĻ棬ɲŮò֮ϣۣиǳŨ⡣
׷ҪԼֱѪˣ

겻ɢֻ
˳òһø֮⣬ʲôǱȵùԼģ
׷ŭգϧ޷ѡģĸ׸ˣȾȶģΪ˻ծȥࡪlouãȥͱ˽
Ƥ˻źϹߣ
ֱ춼ڰ
Ӱ׷ϹһоͰģһҪͷأҪЩ˶Լǰڣ
Ϲһܺõ̤ʯ
׷һֱƣΪ˵ȴһգ
Ҫʵˡ
Ȼֻƻˣ
Բܣ

699 ׼һ

699 ׼һ
˼Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬰׷Ѿ̬ӯӯǳЦϹֻǰȥү밲
׷òĿڣүѾ׼ϴˮ
үԺԡϢˡ
׷£ˮϹƺҪϹĴڣҪֻ֪뿪ʱ䣬Ϲû˻ûУǽͨѾͷ˸飬γʽ˾ӵұ
ţǸŮ˶޷ԼɷںԼʱȥŮ˵ġ
ֻԭϹɻᱻ׷񷽲ŵĻϹһ
룬׷˵ЩʱϹֻ˾Ȼ˭ûעŰ׷ûУ̸Ϊ󶯸ɸĳܣ
ǽȥɣϹǣֻ޹ǵֻ֣˵ĻҲǷᣬ˴˴ǰ׷ֻʱ
ֻʼպǺǳЦǿϹ׵Щѹŵ
˶Ҫġ
֮ǰϹֻǰؼʱ̾Ȼˣ
ǳڶֻɫĴѣеҪռֻֻٺˣȲҪֻǰ֤ԼǿԵģڵϹҪֻ˷֮ʵҲܰˡ
ʱ˿̵Ϲ۵׶ֻֻһˣûվڴſڵȴԼİ׷
ֻȴƼˣӣҰĺ촽ɵùһĨЦ⣬ǰʱбĥӣЩ˶ֻһУϹŭ֮⣬һˡ
ʼݺֻ
˾ǡ
׷
ǰ׷ڲصĺܺãֻʱ򣬲ŷαƵĿǰð׷Եˣ
Լްи٣ãҲھةӸţϣةϧ
׷񣬲ڴݶ

ֻЦĿŰ׷񣬽۵׵ݾ۵ס
үҲȷˣҪϢˣϹʢ룬ֻźۼջеЦĻӦš
ϹǶʱĻŭţЯֲȫ׷һߡ
㰡
ϹϷţһ˫شֱֻ˹֮ǰǱĲԣò㣬ö㶯ŭ
ĸԺ㲻ȥˣҲ˵Ϊˡ
Ժúðġ
Ϲأдż͡
ֻݸЦţɫٵһ˫Ц⣬ү㿴㣬ôļүոո·δüԡء
ң·ãЩˣҲҪԡ֮úţŻ
ֻЦƿϹ˵ԡ£ʱϹע⵽ԼϵȷŨŨһɺζֻȹҲմȾЩ࣬ǸմɳƶĵطģϹɳǣϹĪĲãǷԲȷǸ֣һЩ
үȥ׼һУүù֮ٺúõܡ
ֻϹ˼ﲨεεģϹ޷ܾãǻȵȵȱȥȥ
ãүֻõϹߣԼ΢΢ŵĴȴһĨ΢Ц׵Ŀǽ˸
ӽҴһؼҵǶʱ䣬ฮ˼˵ˣΪͽ¸еͨγֻֻ֪ϹҪҵģֻ֤ԼΪ˵ǴڵģӣӦҵš
ڡ
ֻòһ¶ˣ
ִҩѾ˳ΣֻֻҪϹòٵЧҩˣ롭мһġ
ϲϲϲ
ŵĴϲæӦŽĿֻС㣬ū澶ķԸ׼ˣϧҪô𣿡
ȻֻýͣǿԡͰˮС
ǾǵĻҪһЩɳǵЩʱҪúõϴ趼ûлᣬֻ͵͵ĳųûȥӱߣֻֻȴǲ̰ˮġ
Ǵæӣױ
⻨ͭǰֻһɫ⻨ȹīһ𣬵ɨüһ˫峺ˮĿ⺬

700 ϹӰ

700 ϹӰ
֮ϲҲźľʳЦӯӯ˽ľԲϰһӵζȣټ̳ϺõƼ𣬿űʳ棬ҲֻϹ׼õġ
ֻߵοյ񻨴ߣȼ˱»֮ҹȼŵķ˫򣬱˻ľԲǰȴϹĹ
ˣƣ
ûãϹҲװһģһɫۣѹƵƣϺõ֬壬һ˫ĵĿ緢ֻȻھ׼ŵģ鲻ɵô
ү
ֻϹ֣үǵܾأ
Ƶ֦໨Уֻ͵ϹǰүϺü𣬵ƽﶼ᲻úȵģ͵ǳȫǻδļеĺưɡ
˵գֻԼֵһСٵϹǰ
Ҿǣ̼񾭣ϯֻڿϹˣһõǢ죬ϹҲԽĵȲҪֻһֻԼ˾֮۷ʢȲҪйһ¡
ֻҲûоܾϯû˳ȥֻʾϹߡ
ҹ
ϹأٻƵֻϣ;ɫǵӶһʵɴƺϹƲסԼҪȥһ̽
ֻѾɢϸ۰Ĳ¶Ǽջ
ϹҪһʱͻȻɫϣĿǸӵĿֻ
ûʱϹıŤƻˣֻˮһ˫ãȻĿϹүôˣ
ǵһ̵źܾأ
ϹɫˣҪȥֻ˫ҲȥȻӴվ飬Բˡ

Ϊʲôʱ򡭡ֲˣ
ϹıȷŭȴҪֻǰǿװ򶨵ӣһʱ֮ϱ÷ḻʣֻҲЦҪ̵öˣү
ǲ
׵ģү
ֻϹһˮˣүĻ֪֮ĻฮɣҲүˡ
ֻҪߣϹɫѾڵĺ͹һɫˣֻǱʵһҪ飬ǸʽģǰΪҪȥ㣬ԵˣٵľˣǸʹʱ㡣
Ϲεʵֻȱȥһ£
䣬ûֻӦϹһ뿪˷䣬뵽Լ鷿

ֻϹǲֻߵıӰЦöӶʹˣȴ̫һϹ˾Ͳˣֻܽĸűţϲ̲סǳ鴤С㣬еǴʲôģϷŪүĲ𣿡
ϲС͸ֻźˣֻģǰϲŵʱһֱڻֻȴ׷˻ȻĴԽȻҪϲָģ˵ʲôҲŹ׷
ڴϲֻҲûʲôģֱӸϹֽҲûʲô
İɣµģֻҪ㲻˵Ҳ˵ûֻ֪ĿڷϹŵϣЩ𶪣̧ţүҪ˼飬Ҳǡ

ϲֻĻ֮첻ɵϴ󣺡С
ڰжֽţºЩ֤ٴⲻ
ֻȴ൱ҡҡͷȻ˽´ˣЩҪүأ
ִЧҩŴĴͲ鲻ֻʲôõĵģЩˣԵףϹȥ飬һ㶼¡
ֻĵϲҲֻհˡ
ǡ
ϲȥֻȴǼűЦֻͣҪԺϹҪըɫȴҪԼǰǿװ򶨵ӣֻͣ
Ƚֻ֮ĸ˺ͻ֣鷿еϹѾˣƺҪסһһ㡣
ĸѹŭ
ϹĺΪʲôԼȥԼ棬Ϊʲôô
ֻǰһγȴڶΣԺԼֻǰô̧ͷ
ҺʱԼ˸ڳˣҪĵһ׼֮ٲУϹⱲӶûټֻ˰ɣ
ǡ
Ϊʲôأ

701 լһ1

701  լһ1
Ϲ֮ѽ⣬Ѿ֤ˣԼǿеģݣΪʲôһֻǰԼͲˣ
Σⲻԣ

ϹüĽšһţƺͻȻʲôһ㣬Ŵޱߵҹɫҹ
ͻȻһĨɫӰȻϹǰҹ˹֣ĿϹүкηԸ
ȥһ½ͬõſʲô쳣Ȼ
ǣҹӦ¡
ϹüͷȴԽԽܾ͸©Ź죬ɵȴ˵ģҪοֻܻϴʱ򣬿ûʲô
Ϲֻ飬ֻֽŲźá
ҹܿĻصϹǰүѾ˳飬õŲûʲô쳣ǿ⻨˼Щʽүż洦ġ
Ϲˣ֪ˡ
¸ˣҹ֪ϹǳΪʲôΪҪľҪϹİȫġ㲻ݿԶʵˡ
ҹӰʧϹǰޱߵҹɫ֮С
õҹĿ϶֮ϹɫҲ˺ܶ࣬ʱǷϵĿԼ棬ܡˣֻԭ򣬶Լԭ
йϴε֮Լ֪ĪӰˣʲô֢
ϹûһٶŴ⺰ҹȥ򣡡
ҹ
ǣ
С㣬Ȼûϣүŭȥ鷿֮ûþ˴˴үţҹ͵͵Ǳҽݣ˴Ĵأ
ϲüɫֻͬԼϢȻ֪ܲصǻǿƲסԼЦ
ϹҲǹģȻ˴ķӶó
ֻŴݸЦʲôԺ⸮лиֵԿأ
ͺúõĿԴɣ
ֻǸտʼ֮ǰֻϹõЧҩֻϹһĹ򲻾٣Ⱦ׼ģµҩЧ𡭡ֻǶһôЩӣϹվˡ

УֻЦ˳һϹӰж١
ϲҲĪ˷ܣһֱϹֵֻиˣ෴ϹһһĶСãŮһӻţΨһҵһһֻԼ
෴Ϲ˾ӽĿĲ
ʱֻѾȫϹԵʧˣ˭Ȱ˵ԼвҪةȥϴͻ飬ةû취ŴӦġ
ڣֻȻȥͷϹ㵹ʵôϲģֻôģֻҪͨ˾УٶϹɵǿɾûˣ
һˮıҹҹĴ͵͵ǽЩŵҲ֮⣬ϹվڰЩ򣺡յ鲻ţǱڶ֪СҲѱˣ
ǣ
СǶȻ߾ܵȥҽδˣҶԽյؿƿģЩΪҹ̫ڣϹòԼλδ֪ãȻֻһһ˵ĽϹϣܱסС
Ϲ֮Щ°Ĵ֪ΪϹ̬Ȼô࡭
ԭһ˺úõľȻ١
з飬ЩԵϹ˼ҩ֮⣬иųЦġ
Ȩθô֮Ҫʵʵˡ
ܳһʱ䣬ϹԼ鷿ϼˣҺŴЩֺֿ޵ҩһʱ֮ˬ
ֻȴӹ󣬳ȴÿװװӵϹʱµʱ䶼ͬϹһӵͨլ
ϲŵļͨǣĿڣƣر븮ʱ͸õģȴΪĲģһٿ嶣ȴΪԸ۸
ֻĶ෬̣ϲǴǰģȫԶһˣ
ֻĿŴϲѵЩͨÿһֻ£ǰ׷񣬱˳ʵƤİǡ
˵Ҽ޸ү֮ĺլҪȫȨҴģǼűٵʱүү»֮ʾǳҲͰˣȴ֪ôÿε밲ҲعأҪǣ
ǵǿˣ

702 լһ2

702 լһ2
ֻЦŵģȴ÷
׷ֻͷƤ飬֪Ϊʲôֻȫûдôƿң񡭡ԼĪĵ⣬ѵûغԼ
¶
ǲӦðûʲôأ
ֻһЩ
׷˲Լ״̬ʧĹֻǰˣϢŭǲǶﲻֻ뿪ӣԭҪͬ밲ʺõģ˼ҲûӰǱ㲻ٶˣˣ
ǵĲǣ
ʱֻ°ȥɳǣϹֻǰܵ˵ģȴûаᵽϣֻ˵ֻˡ
׷˼תתⱾֻĵطô˵Ҳڸֻѣϣֻ֪֮پȥظ֮ڸдź˽˵Ϣȥ˭á
룬ֻһס
׷ʵ˵һϵ˵ֱֻ֮ľСڷŵĲ֦豭˵ϣ̵Ĳˮˤ˰׷˫ϥǰ׷񾪺ҪվȴϲԤеķֱ֣ӱ°ȥ
̵Ĳˮ˵ĴƬð׷ʹĵͺ
˭Ĺأﻹû׼㿪ڣԼ˶Ϸ
ƾҲ˵ĵģ
ϲǺܸ仰Ƕµð׷˵ֻίҡͷûжﲻ˼ֻڰ˵Լ뷨
ϲٶ׷°˰ǰֻʸԳԼū澣˭̸
ǾԼǲˣǶλ죿
׷ɫǺ죬ֻõĶԸҲͰˣߵѾҲôźȨƺ͵ĸ⼸ѹǰ׷ٶ಻ԹޣȴǲҺֻͻġ
檡ū澲ң
µϾһЩҶƬ׷ҲҧȥϢŭūĲǲң
ˣɡ
ĪҪ˵СǼҪһȺȥֻ΢̧Ŀ⵭ɨ˰׷ϡ
δȰ׷һֱĵĿڣȥ¹ŰɣͷպãҲ˵۸㣬Ƭʱʾѵ˰ɡȻҪȻ䣬µ̨׿ɶǴʯש̳ɵġ
̹ǲ˵Ӳޱȡ
СĹ˫ϥǱûÿˣοʱһϵ޷վ
һУҪģҪǣĴЩǿɶǻῴģôȻ£պжȻΪЦ̸δĵ
ϲ˰ôɨһ£ȻүƼˣҪģ׷ĻᣬֻȻ뿪
ǣ
ϲܿɨ׷򡭡ҲûеطԹˣ
ǿϷһĿŰ׷ҺЩ֮䲢Žᣬһ𣬻ѶԸ
ŵ̻Ľ棬ֻջŰ׷Ŀ⣬ǰ׷ԭһУһֻ°׷ù²ŲǱɽһǣкܶϷڵ
Լȥأū˰һѣ
ųٳδжİ׷񣬴ϲЦӯӯģĿ˸ŹߵѾˣֻ߶һЩฮޣʱ򣬻ûϹأ
ҪôЩǿа£ʱ
׷ֻҧŴ޺޵ĽܣԼߵ²ĵĹţһ˫ĿԹޡ
Ʋ׷񲻿ֻƵ˺Ժȥﴦ˵۸棬ŮҲһŨīزʣԭΪȥׯѾǸ⿪һ·ﻹ֪ôȥʹڻʺǰŪǷǣ
Ūûʺ봦Լ
˼ݶ͹ֲֻˡ
Ȼ򿪣ʶͷĿá˵˶ٴˣûʲô鲻ҪһСӡ
ʣµĻδڣ㿴ſĿĵֻŵпһŻŵĿڳݲ壺
ﵽͣ˹ָ֮ٶȾʮֻټĶһȥׯϵĳȻ˼ǣҲһֱҪһϹǰȻ˵飬ӻ
ϧһֱûϹ档
Ϲֻһζĳڳͨʵֽòᣬûĵģ
ԱŮģȻСһ𳤴ģȴ˺ĳ
ǶϹҲֻǸŭԣΨֻŭฮˣһȾ˻ʺЧˣ롭ֻûˣʺû
ʲôʱģ
Ϊʲôû˸Լ

703 լһ3

703  լһ3
ôʲô
֪ģΪʲôأưŵӣֻü￪ڣ˼ĴѲɣʲô飬Ļţ
ڼңŻţ
Ƚţֻʰλã˵Ŀϡ
תתЦݣ˵ĵĻūһֱڴˣλлʲô飬ˣ
𣿡ֻ˪ЦŵĿңô˵ȥʹأ
⻹ة࣬Żʺֻɱ֮ȥ̽ģһ䣬ͻʺ˵ʲôֻĻҴ빬ȻӲةˣ
˫ɵõɴ󣬻һ飬İ͵ĸˣǡǵġ
ūһֱˣʲôʲô˺顣
ֻǵЦˣ㿴ӣʵģ㲻÷ϡ
ǰ飬ȥˣǷڱʲô飬ǶԼ̡
ҽҲ˵ģֻǲˣһ㽫ŮȻ½ӻصС
֪ΪʲôֻЦŵģȴĪͷƤ飬ֻ˵Ļȴôħġ𣿡
˵̣
ô붼ò̫ܰΣ
ֻȻ˵ȻӻĻ

Σﶼôã
ܾթֻôˣﲻֻܾܱϣ̽ԵʳڣὫȻӻ
ȻαҪƭ㣿ֻЦҲסҡͷ˵ĺˣ
ȵֻЦЦ
ūĴȣȷǲūСƽϵģūĲԣ
ȻܻӽԺūĸŮԸ⾡ľչ˺үȻĵ鷢ˣֻǰ
ϹôŮ˵ȻҲȻһģټǺϹʺֻ֣֮Ҫ֮Ϲ֮󣬲ݾû˵飬ǸʱҲ˵ٺֻˡ
ֻ˸ĿڣˣСĽչүڸйͻп͵ˣɲʹ
˵ȻҲСˣү÷֣ǷׯҲãǵ͸óˡ
ֻһ٣ѾĻŭˣ
ֻôͻȻôˣ˵˼̣Ȼӻ˳ȻϹ֮ǰ÷ĸ飬ǡΪʺǱʩչѹ
ֻͨˣϹˣ
ֻ뿪ʱ䣬׷ΪֻˣҲûƺãͱһˣҲΪϵûôȥ߶ƽ߻۸˵ģҲûĵߣϢȻʮֵı
֪ڵֻʲô֪׷ǰļƵˣѾֻʰʵʵؾء
ǣ˵ǣѹԼеĸˣ˳ֻĻ˵ֻ˵̫ˣ޲˵Ȼ޸ү仰
ԶȻ˼ǵȫȻԸһеƾ
ֻǾɫһĨЦ⣺ȻҲͬ⣬Ǳձ㽫ȻԶĻ¸˰ɣ
ͬүúõ˵Ȼһʷ޵ģ
ȻҲߣԾТˣ
ǡҳڳȻԼ޸ϹУֻ˵ʲôͷǻ˵֮󣬲ŷĲԾǣȵ
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ﲻɵɫűˡ
ԶԶϹϵһС˰ˣŮСųģǧҲȥôµȵСˣ
ɫǺ죬Ŀŭ浱ֻͨ˶¶ˣû뵽ȻԼأ
ŽȻ޸С˵Ŀģ
ֻһǺȻϹĳ谮ԼػѣŽȻ򷢼޸ˣܳʧ˺Ļᣡ
Ǵ
⻰δЩ̫˰ɣ
ʱӵĿĵȻȻֻΪĴ漵ʣͿʼȻˣ
ֻõüۿҲ˼֣ô
⻰ʲô˼
ǶԱİкβ𣿡
Ȼû뵽Сˣ˵ҪȻӻʵȴﺦȻĳ谮ʹֶȻ޸ˣ
Ȼүˣôүͬ𣡡
ｫ˵꣬ѾӣŭĿֱʲôͬ˵
ǰӰ˻Ƶˣ
ϲֻĵ¿Զһ棬Ҳضá
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Ȼĸܼ£ҲŲҺֻͻϾǹغȻδǹغָ
ȥҲȻõġ
ūȥҪ浽үǣ浽ʺҲԲڸΪģ
Ǻǡ
ֻͻȻ򴽵ЦãҴʱ˿ںѯ˼
һ١
Ǻ֪ĵɴ˫
ֻ˵ĻĲһ˿飺үϣͬ䣬һ㻹İԼүˣ

704 װ

704 װ
ǰ˵ǣҲǿүϸ֪ͨˡ
㻹Լˣ
㡭ﱻͻȻֻĴֲ˵Ŀİˡ
ֻ΢̧Ȼλһһ˵ֲһ˵
䣬ֻŴҡ뿪ԺӣͽվſŭáСǼխүǶȻôĸŮģʺҲԲ׼ģ
ȥ빬ʺʺֹ
վſڶֻıӰŭ𣬿û仰㱻һȺСѸٵİ˵϶ס죬һȭĽ˵
ء
סֻİţ󲻵òȭͷ֮£Ҳֻ䣬ȴ۵ĵѪǽεεģԭӦóΪӵŮҪֻ̣ļ޸ˣеŭôҲȥ
Ҷ΢ƣ΢紵Ʈ䣬׷ש̨ϣֻϥѾʧȥ֪
ÿҪ͵ʱ򣬴ϲͺ洦۾һ㣬ӲĽԼصԭλãʹӲ
Ĺ򣬰׷ѾɫҰ׺ѿ
ȻСҾƶǲǱ¥Ǳ˽֮󣬶ΪźóԺúȣרźţ겻ܹĿˣ
ǻڰ׷ԼͿҪϣʱ򡭡ֻȻͺǽһˮǵͷϣĽǹ˷ܺͼˡ
СܾôɵĹʱ˲˵ĹӣٻүĺӿɾѰˡ
Ůܲġ
שĴ̹ǡ
үĺӡ
׷üĽ壬пٵתţȴͻȻһ⣡
ˣ
֮ǰôôأүĺӣǸ
ֻҪϹĺӣͲֻȻĹţǺ͹ȻıүĹѪûʲôˣ
ȥֻǸʮĶʸĺŮˣ⾩нû֮أ
׷Լ״̬漴ӸӯӯƷһܱһ㡣
ʵϡ
׷Ҳȷ赹ˡ
ƮƮſשϣɴϲκŽţҲʲôӦûУ˫۽գһװİ׷ȴûֹס㣬гıô꣬Щ֮ҲõĸûкЩϻͷǹ⿴ɫ׹ԼȼжֻĴãʣµģҪûˣѰ˸ڴˣ
׷̵ģһ˫۾յĸˣüͷҲŲԾʮĲ̬֮࣡

ϲ׻СûʲôˣȻֻѾԸˣܷʲô飬׷ҪשϹʱ˭˵鶼ɡ
£׷赹ˣܲ˻ɣ
ϲ˼֮󣬼׷ûжһҧԸԱߵѾߺСˣǡǿ
̧طϢһ°ɣ
ϲæкߵ˹ԼȴƳŻԲѵİһ·СŵȥԺѰֻ
С㣬С㣬ˣ赹ˡ
ôźðϲɫǣʲôɣ
ŰǽεεģҪǹôŪɾͲˡ
ֻü΢赹ˣ
ʱ㣬Ŷõʱ䰡ȥתһȦ˵˼仰ˣ
׷ΪԼˮòɣСͷԸܣ
װˣ
ֻ΢УУǾȥﵽôˣ
Ͼ˼ҿǻ赹ˣʲô飬ʱҪǳеΣ
ֻŽָǲ裬ֻҪ۾ɨһ۾ֱܷˣĻˣֻԷΣǼٵġֻظ֤׷᳦Ӷڵ˵ġ
ȥ˳ٰɴвûҪ֤ݵģ
ãϲæĵͷѾܳȥһξ룺ūϾʹŴ
Ժ
Դ֮󣬰׷ԼԺӣԺгסŵ׻Ժ֮õԺӣõʱ򣬰׷ǻ˲ٵ˼
͸κ÷ʣ̧ͷƼб裲ʱǶױ̨οյ񻨵Ĵ԰ڷŲ֦ƿ漸ﺣĿޣһžѩľ
ֻòǣֳڣ׷ȲֻѰĵطֻīҪ취ʫ϶ЩԽֻĶ̴Լĳ

705 լİ1

705 լİ1
׷ŻᱻϹϹԼ
ʱ׷װԼԺʱ򣬿ǰôЩڸеĻóˣΪľϹڳʱܶʵ֤׷ĴҲûġ
ֻڸеЩӣϹȷĴ࣬ǡ
ֻͲû
뵽ֻͿʼԼ鷳˫۽յİ׷ͺ޵
ȴѾ˽Ų
ֻĿ⵭ȻĴ˽ŶԼѰλˣǸŲٵūѾߣȻûһֻĵĿڣҲ⸮еˣ°ͻȻ赹ҪƵϸˣʲô֢ʵ˵ҽε𲡵ģ
ǡСһᾡľġ
ϵİ׷ֱҪЦ˻
ŵĴλƽõľ򣬾ȥҪפ֮ӺˮҲûٸ򣬰ŹⳡϷӦòѣ춼ڰ
ֻεĿע£򻺻˰׷Ŀ΢΢˱䣬׷ƽͣϢƽͣûвȴ˵ͻȻ赹ˡ˼תתɿŵջ֡
ĪģСðѹ
ǰ׷װΪװȴֻ֪ðѹҲü£֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
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򡭡
Ҳʲô
ֻЦЦʾ򣺡ҽμɣ
ֻ׿ϣԵó˰Ѩλϣɫ԰׵˶㻺۾öֻ˫ЦЦ
ū澲ǹҪ͵ģūȥ¹ţ׷ֲ̿ĿֻæҪȴʱһĿڣ½գשǱ̹ǵʱţٶɼģ
׷ҪȴʮֻĳװӰˣִֻ򣬱ǴȥֻҲá
ֻô᲻ٵ˫ȾżЦ⣺ȻӲˬǷҲˣֻԺҪǵýѵҪͬĴʧ㲻ˣǸʱҲˣ
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ֻĿƳ򣺡֪﾿ʲô֢
缲ҲҪи˵ɣûҲͰˣ¶ɣΰɣҪʲôҩľܶҿڣûеģҿȥฮҪ
ֻһװݵ̬ȡ
ֻӲͷƤǾкβĵط
Ǻ߲飬ҲҪòһ°˼
׷̽ŵ򣺡Ǵ̥ĻЩһֱūҽΣȻûиΣȴҲǴ˵ģū澵ҲûôŰʱ䶼ͻ赹ˣ˯òãθڲѣܾʱŻģ򡭡ô£
Ѳɣǲּ𣿡
׷ϣԺиڿٵ˼еĲ֢ǵøϹλͨйӣֻϧʱϹģͨҲС£ԼӶ֪ϳĸԼ׷͵͵ִġ
ʱǸСѾͷ֢״
ҲѸٵᣬӰĲץص㣬Ŀ΢΢һ
Ļ󣬲ǡϲˣ
ϲ
׷ոĨ糺죬ŵĿ־ϲ˵𣿡
ҾȻϲˡ
׷ǲţ׾˸⣬ѹżϲֻ֪׷ͲǻУҪ׷һݸƭȥˡ
ݼȷǺܳʣִʮһͣ㲻ܴҲС
׷ַڿյĸĸҲҵĸУȻүĺˡ
ⲻΰɣ
˵ĵĻⲻΣǵĵȷȷүĺˡϲСҪȹϲˣ

706 լİ2

706 լİ2
׷ߵĵͷȴǲֱ˴ЬӶδüֻǰǰʲôū澵Ĳǣ˴ū澸лүĹѪķϣԭū澡
ֻҪԭū澣ūʲôԸ⣡ǧҪǨŭū澸еĺӣūˣˣ
ϲʹȴǺ޺޵İ֣ǻʱոճͷӣ赹˲˵
ĵĸ
һûأ
Ȼǰ
⺢Ӷˣܲ˹ҩ˰ɣΣ
ֻĿã׷֮СܿҲö⣬ʾʹϲ׷ӵϲ˵ʲô
˵˲ͬƽˣʱ˵ҪǨŭ㸹еĺӣ㿴㣬ǲԣʱ㲻Ϊڸô赹ѣָˣ
ֻ΢̧ĿĮƽĲһ˿顣
ֻף׷ϱΣˮۿǿžӨˮǱȥǣҲǡ
Ȱ׷ӦֹֻЦеȷһϲ£үδãӦһڰ̥棬Ī˼ԼԼ
Ͻɣ
ǣǣѵǡ׷ԵĲ˲۽ǵˮ»ص֮ϡ
ֻĿһԵϣ򣬰ǸеĴ£ؽϸͬ˵˵ǺʱеģִС̥ĻǻӰ̥ûʲôҪܻ飿
ֻһ⣬ֲ۾ת˼Ȧ֮㹰ֻش𣺡ѾһˣȻ̥Żȴʲô˲ò֢ǲӰ̥ģڼɻ顭СԺһŷӣҪܿĶд棬ðɣ
һ类ҲҪһµģֻǲˣ˵һ࣬ǻ˵ģ
ãⰲ̥㽻ɣõԼҪĴ𰸣ֻĵͷȥ˷϶֧һЩӣԴöȽǰղĹӦڰǰҪʮֵľϸտţڹ֮ǰʲô⣬ɶҪ˵ģ
ֻ껰ת뿪ˡ
ǰ׷ȱǾԴöȽǲӦ
ǲǡֻ˼Լү½ĳӣԼǲҪΪˣ
ȴǿ㱵İ׷żĺţⶼʲôʱˣôһ㶼żˣ
ô󵨵ĹȻƭֻڵǿԼװУʮ֮أȥһӹ
ʱҪһñ󷢺ʮǴõ껪ƽһЩˮУȴΪ˰׷ȥԼ
׷عƳһ۵µ򣺡㺦ʲô
ŮеǴӹŹһȦܲǸδ֪ʮ»̥ʱòӣүҲ˵ʲô
Ҷģﺦ³ʲô
ǡлòһֻȥĴǲٵȾŸˣֱСˣ
׷ȴ˲ͷ˺ˣҪ˵ˣ
ҼȻ׼ģʱֻҪҵķԸȥͿˣұٲĺô
ѾðɣһҪԼǰ׼
ȥҿһЩӹ뷿Ȥ˳ȥ˷϶ȥ֧һЩӣס죬ʣµͽɣ׷Խٵתš
ʮ»̥˵Ѿһ࣬Ǿǻа˸µʱ䡣
˸棬ҪֶεϹŬҪʵĻϹĺӣû˻˵ʲôˣ
ĻϵĻǰ׷ֻܼװ⣬ڱ˵ˣ
ֻҪĴһǿ׳¶㲻ᱩ¶
׷е̴ž죬һͷֻȴʼյǽԵСѾ߸ˡ
С㣬Сôżأ
ϲһǳĿڣү߷̺ܶˣһֱΪܳ裬ֻүûʽ檣ûи֣
С֪𣡾үฮ֮үȥնȥ̾ݣõԺأ

707 լİ3

707 լİ3
֮ڲ෹ϢҪѸ١
ϲʹıûУʱǽһ
ڰ׷Ҳ衣
ϹͶã⻹ͻȻУ˳ӣǲҪСͷˣ
ǰǰС㣬ǧܵģ
￴ģǱȴҰĲô粻УƫƫʱУⲻں𣡡Ҳźʹϲ
ϾճִǹϵǳģӹȻҪǳͬҲӮһϯ֮صġ
ײɵȾһĨǳȽżˣֻҪĶˡ
ʲôֻЦЦĿŴʹϲˣҶżһӣ
ˣŮδ֪أǾȵӻӰҵˣ
С㣬ǡϲɲģһһأ
ֻȴ̬ƶˣȲˣ˵õľͲõģǶķڶɣ
ǿɲҪСҵݣֻҪһգԶûŮܳңϹʲô
Ҳ˵˽׷״ûлУĻˣ˵ʱҲԣһ࡭
ӽ뿪ฮٵɳǣҲǰµʱ䣬ֻ֪ϹǸɵˣǻͨѾͷȴҲ竺ͻһ֮ǰûȥ׷ķ
׷ƾձӲɡ
ֻü΢̶һĨٵЦ⣬ҪıǻȤأ
ϾڵϹԼ׼Чҩһʱڶûзˣǰ׷ҪƱҲûлᡣ
ֻɵдϲҪл׷Լ
ô֮ǰû뵽ôõĶԸİ취أԼԾĹˣ
ðɡ
ϲʹڨڨı졣
ֻȴã֮ǰãԼԽʱԣһҪԭôڹҪʰô̯ӣڵֻȴôˣ
Խʱܶԣ
ԭôõһƶܴϡãҪƫҪͭصߣ
Ͼլĸоͦˬģ
ǿͰ׷ǳ˱ȴ޿κΣҪԼǰװģʱֻú˳ò̾һ䣬һ˵ĳ̫Ҫˣฮǧ⼸֣㹻ֻлķˮˡ
ˣһҪͷɥˣ
ֻϵĿ˵СҴ滹кüӲҪǰæأ
ȥү
ϲĺ£ȸүУ
䣬ֻϹ鷿ȥûʱ䵣ǸϹĳ谮˵䲻ĻĲںϹԸ˭ͳ˭
ֻ㽫ǰЩݺԼĳˣĻȥܵԼеıӦȻ˺ฮңˣ
ϹԼ鷿Ѿܶˡ
Դɳǻˡ
˵ػǲȥɣʵʱ䶼ڻ͵͵ҹǲɸ˵
ǣôõʱȥЩֺֿҩҲ֪ȥˣȴûкתļ󣬲ұϴλءϴֻǵĶֻûӦŮ˻ǿԵģΡ
˶ˣ
Ϲȥˣܾñ˵ϲŭֶڳЦ˷񶼶ԼϵĸоܡϹһǻŭȴ޴ʹǴ޻һġ
ϹԼҪˣ
ػˣ鶼Ҫ˰ɣ
֮ǰǺúõģȴͻȻԼ٣
ϹĵʱͻȻŵֻ󣺡ү𣿡
ɫŵϹȻ̧ͷǵӰӰ´µӰˡֻ

һʱָ֮ӵϮͷϹĺǾᣬΪ֪Լһʲô̬ȥֻ
ҹǰȥҹֻ׼ţûκ쳣Ϲ֪ԼǴֻˣҡٵ飬ζֻǰڵֻϹ˵
ǼҪõǼ˾ͻԼٵǶļ䡣
ֻϹ˵ѾӰĴˣзӦ֮ǰϹֻҪӱֻ
ǲ֪鷿ʹϹֻ᣺үûʱ䣬мҪҪԼүү˵
үýȥһ𣿡ֻЦ⣬峺ٵ˫Ŀ⾼
鷿ڵϹãſԼ̬֪Ŀڣǽ
ʲôҪ鰡
ʽЩܣ⸮е㾡Լȥͺˣʱˣ
⸮еֻͿԼˣ
õ𣿣
ֻϹҪ뿴Ŵܵ

708 Ҫ

708 Ҫ
ֻ֤Ǻү˵Ҫ֮󣬽뿪Բŵүֻϰݣǰɵ֮ҲధϹҪ͸ɺʱϹֻĿĮͷ񡭡ҵ˻ȥЦϹôܾô׵ķŹ
Ҫģ
ǰǷµծҲҪĻ
үҪôһҲðֻ࣬ݵӰվ鷿ǰٳٲ뿪үǲǱˣ
ʼնԽŽ٣Ըٿˣ
ôӻص֮Ϊ涼ˡˣ֪ˣԼʰʰฮֻүܹ˼ǰ֣һֽ飬ټүҲڻ޷ԴֻС鷿ȴڷֹΪϹ
ĵҪͷڹꣿ
ֻҧŴ׷飬ҪϹִ֪˲źã㱨Ĳʹ죬ϷҲ
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ֻ˼ӦԵʱ򣬷ͻȻ򿪣һµϹҲֻǰ
δϹϺܶ࣬°ͳЩ磬ǰһһ˫ۣҲȻʧɫˡ
ǲ㣬ʵǸʵ̫Ҫ
ֻڵ˫ӯӯĿ⾧Ϲ֮ҲϲүڳˣûӦҪأ
үɫȷ̫ãҪҪȥ
ȥҽɣҽǵҽҪ߳һЩ
ֻҪߣȴϹס
Լ̬ЩţϹţ󿪿ڣˡ
ҪǱҽΣԼٵҪϵĶˣ
ϹȾָ̫֮λǲ٣ҲʹŽܷ̫֮ܺλύһˣ˵ʲôҲܴȥ
ûֻЩ۲Żῴ״̬õġ
ŶүҪעչԼӰȻǲȽҪүҲҪ£ᵣĵġֻûмȥҽϾǲص㡣
صǡ
ү֮ôżҪмҪͬ˵
ֻ£ӯ͸ˡ
үҪˣ
Ϲ΢΢һϲøˣ
ڹڷеЩʱգϹʼնûнٲĸԸȴҲĴ㣬ԺҪˡ
û뵽Ȼʱ򣬵֪ԼҪˣ
ֻǴһĶҲðݶȻ⣡
ֻҪ׷ܳɹ¶ӣʱȻ׷ҲһõݱĲ֮λҲȻ
ǰүһ£ԻŻżͬ˵һѾղĹ˺չ˰ˣҪ̷̥ҲӦˣ
үүҪҪȥһ
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Ϲͷ˵ȥڿֻһ˫ˮ˫֮ȴֹסԼͷȡȲˣ
ȣĺܺãűæеĲ£ȥͰ
ھͼȥֻ϶ֻͬСƢģʱҪȥֻڵϹûôй
ãֻЦ°͸βɨһĨ⣺ȥȥչ˰ˣүкҪҲȥ
Űɣ
жˣͻжߣͻжң
ֻȥıӰϹϵЦȴҲƲסֱԺ˹ȥ
һʵĳȹ޼䷢Ž˿ţٴϣɹյ⣬ҲǸĺá
һӱװΣ׷֮ǰԼЩֵõģϾͻرˣһҪȴǰá
񡣡
ڰ׷΢ԡʱϹͳȻ𣬲Ǵûй᣺Ѿ˵ˡ
˰񣡡
׷ȻϹͻᣬ۽ЩʪȻ˿ǻү
ȻǱźϹģɱϾϹ㣬òݣֵеŮܳΪϹŮˣǰ׷Ⱳ˵飬ǶϹһġ
ֻϧ
ϹĸϣҲûй׷λãԼΪˡ
Щ׷񶼺ףȴɲģлϣֻҪһֱϹߣһϹῴԼĴڵģ
ĻǵļٽȻ֣һһԼоŮˣĸɾƯһֱ˺ͳȻȥԸֻɹĵϹĸ߿Ϊ
ֻϧ
һбԲģȴǸֻȻ֪ܵĻصүҲں֮Щ岻
ð׷Ƕʼɡ
ϹעԼͷһΡ
ֻһۣð׷޷԰ˡ
û뵽װлϹĶԴԼһװͺ˰
ū澲ġ
ֻҪүãū澱඼ֵõġ
׷ί
ֻҪϹܿԼ֮ǰٿ࣬ʱİ׷񶼾ú
һūĴ̶Ϲüšһ𣺡ΪҪԳū澣ѾΪˣ㲻ūˡ
׷Ŀ˸£ǡǡ

709 Ҫ

709 Ҫ
ʲôֻ˵غ£һбϹüи͸¶ϡ
ǸĽ£һġ
׷ҧŴΪѵĿڣǡ
ǰѵū澣˵ū澲һûʸԳүƬ֮䣬׷ˮһ˫һˮĿϹүū֪Լݱ΢ôһֱүѾū澵ˣūûб˼ģҲԲᰭ飬ū澺ˣֻǡ
ֻǿū澸еĺӡ
׷ʵū澸еĺӣһҲҪΪ˵ū澡
˵
Ȱ׷˵껰Ϲڵ˫Ⱦŭ⣬׷滳ŵҲϹĺӣ
ôū澣
ֻˣ׷ҲɲУ
㸹лŵģҲǱĺӣĻӣպū澲ū澵ģĻ㲻˵ˣ˭ٺֻܸ߱ȻϹ׷ڻУԵĿڣģʮ»̥汾±ĳ֮󣬱ȥĸΪҲף뺣㲻ٵˣ
׷΢΢ϹҲǳݺ꣺ү
лү
ˣϹŰ׷ļ򣬶׷Ҳ̰ϹԣԽ¶ģҪеʵ
үҪүһ׷һ˫ˮĿϹүҹҪߣ𣿡
òϹ׷˵ʲôҲҪסᣡסÿһλᣡ
ϣԭ򴽵ЦŵϹ׷֮ͻȻ΢ĿҲǱõĺǷḻܿģָϹ׷ã˵ոУӻȣҪúõİ̥кҪҪȥ㲻ˣ
䡣
׷ĻᣬϹȻֱ̤ȥˣ
׷ãȻΪθոջһϹһӱĮˣԼ˵Ļᶼ
үү׷ߵľϹıӰǻţʲô𣿻зʲô֪飿ΪϹתô졭
ŲȥׯСµʱ䣬ȻӰࡣ
ֻ˽ׯӽӻʱһǳɫһĳȹݣһ˫۾ȴǵֻŭ⣺ˣ
ȻҧгݣǴ³ô֡
Ѿ˺ټװȥȻҲʲôùӳԣԳһеĶ
ȻȻū֮ӳʼ㱻нŵģԴöҲǰõǧҲȻӹúá
аˮۣһ˫ָǲɹʲôۻ
ǱȥׯӵЩӿɵǺãׯϾһЩںӺʹʹӣҪԷҪϴ裬Ҫϴ·һжҪԼȥ
Ȼ˵һ˫ΪҲܿĥ˼ӣһУ
ǰֻͣ
ֻ谭ΪŮ˵·
Ȼôܲأ
ֻȴǺǳЦôȥׯôãⲻƢûģȴǰȻ֪ͦģҲôռȲڱǰԼԼ
㣡ȻֻɫǺ졣
ֻȴǵô
мϲҪġ
ȻɵĿֻʲôԼ
Ҫˣ
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ڳȻɻ£ֻ³ô֣һԵĴϲʹ̲סЦ˳
֪ΪʲôҪ⼸ִֻĿ˵ôġ˾ϲС
ڳȻǶʱͫŴ󣬺һ㣺㡭˵ʲô
Ҫˣ
ô֪
ʲôʱ飡
˭
ֻԳȻ𾪣촽΢΢ĵڳȻǰظ㣬ȻҪˣ
׵ĶҲʶǸеԶ
ȻԶҪһЩʤΪʵҺ޸ܼ֮УܺմһԾТøлֻǹһĨЦȻԱҪ¶ݺׯػǱĸչүйʮ˼ŮķϣǸĿˣ

710 

710 
֮ϣʵһЩúõͬԶӣộ㲻Ҫֱ飡
ֻĵĴӿ˵ЩȻȴѾ˱״ֻ̬ˣ
˵ʲôҼˣǿүҸ鲻ͬʣҪ㽫Ҵˣòٺˣ
ộңүͬģҪȥүſңҪȥүȻ۾Ŵϲʹľ
ֻԳȻķӦ֮Աǡ
ȻĸŮ˵ķӦ˵Ƕһģһģ
޸ԶȻԼίˣ
үүĿûϣүôԼȥȻӻ
µȻȻŴΣǿɺ޵ͬҲͦģ
ԶȻǸˣҲȨģֻǳȻһҪ֦ͷĻŮ䲻˼ҲǣֻͬԶ˵͵ʱһ۵鷳˳Ȼ
ԶŴӦģ
ǣȥȻȥúʰһɣϾҪ˵ˣҪúõĴһǣֻ΢̧Ŀ٣˿δȻӰ顣
ǣСģūǶȻúõİȻģ
ϲʹѺųȻ£ڼȻϲһ˸첲ϳʹ˲ԵֹסԼŮˣǲܲ˵ǰ
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ȻҲͬһң
ȥү
ŮҪˣ
ʹϲӿŲǽȻߵģӰԽԽԶĳȻ֮⣬ǼǺޣϧûҪȥϹڴǰϣȻһùޣϹ֪æʲôͲˣҪ͵͵빬ȥһʺ飬Ҳֻ˸˻
ڵǱһ㣬ֻУ첻Ӧеصز顣
̶ģһģ
һᣬƺ¶˾һ㣬ûм׷ųȻתȥѰֻҪȥֻֻͬܺһʽס

ǲԸֻ밲
ֻõ滨ˮӰЩ⣬еˮˮȴǲδ£ǼĽ˿ֲ޻
޻ޣҽõֲ
ú˱ҩòñǶҩ
ڹŴҩüֵų̶Ȳֲȡܶʱ򶼻˷Ѻܶ޻ȴֻһЩɺҩ;ֻʮֿϧ
޻ֹƽٴϻԣʪʹＰȵȣҪǣڿ޻ĵطᱻ޻ҩԣֻþ
޻ɫ죬俪ޣܡ˵񾭣
ֶԵģǴֵʱѾ񾭣ǲӰÿӲˬͷһ»еġ
޻֪˲࣬Ҫ˵ҩˣֻĴ󵨵Ժֲպ뿪˽ˣЩ޻ҲΪ͸Ϲġõڽ
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֪ʲô磬ҵԺӣ￪˵ֻ˵ˣŮӻˣȥ
ɫ΢䣬ֻռʱϹ̵Ǻεȵķ⣬Ѿʮȴһ˫۾ϲһɫ⸮䣬ڡ
ɫǲɫҲ˫۾ȴǴǰǰ㾫˸˸һƬң滹ѹųޡ
ū㣬Ҫͬ㱨ҪΪ
ֱ⣬ûжȦӡ
κֻڽĽĦеֻֻ֪ǳúÿĲݰ˼Щµģپȥڳʧһ
ֻеˮĿڵ˫Ŀƽˮһ̶ס
һϲÿϷҲźͬūū㽫ܸԺûжˣ
û˻Ӱĵλˣ
Ŷƺʲô˵Цһ㣬ֻü΢΢ʲô
Ҳ²£ǲңҪóȻޣ
ͫ΢ţȻûֱӱ̬ϵı㹻˵һˡ
ε£ֻȴЦдż˵أ

711 ó

711  ó
ϻδȥЦôĽӲڴǣɴ˫ݺݵĶֻԺͷ𾪴㵣
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Ȼ˵
ֻô˼ҪĶ𣿣ȻԼһռү
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οֻʶûʹֱ˵У
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ͱˣ
ĸֵʱֻĿһƬ䡣
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ǡ
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ʱôȰ˵ˣĪҪͱˣҪԺΪ󣿣
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ΪԼĶ֣ԲſϵͷɣҲǳģĺ⣬ֻǿеģ
˸λãӦֻȴûô˵ûôȣڱ޼ɵ˺ԼһǸͽ;׵ԭ¶Է
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¶ΣǸūǸ˼
˺ˣȻ֪ԺΪģ˵˵ܣҲ÷ֵֵǽزǣһӦˣ˵֥СңǵʱŻҵĲԣˣҲúܲ𣡡
תתɫȻֻֻܾǸԶŵˣټҲȷǴƣòһЩãðɣ
ūȸ
ҪСİˣλҰĲС̶үȥׯӵʱ򣬰ҹū˵Ҫūڱı߰æū̶ӻû뵽ûãһԾΪү谮үĺˣ
Ȼûа׷ôҲǸ޿ɾҩģʱʱϸĻʱз飬ԽԽòԾԽԽòԾ
Ǹ
ôְԼǹʹ˵ĸо
ټѵʱȥ׷񣬿ǰ׷ȴٲȻһӽ֮֮б԰ҲǺǹӲţҪֻ֣ͨɱҲУ
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ۡ
ɷֻ֮ⷬɵЦĳ⻹ǲϰ
⸮˭֪Уүӣʱͬ˵ҪСҵģҪ赶ɱ˰
ֻ˵Щذɣ
ﱻֻ˼ɫɵǳɫūûҪݺ˼ūʵʵ˵
ˡֻͷĴ߶˵Щûõ飬һЩʵһ飬Ҳҿĳ⣬Ĵһǣ
Ｑеֻأ
ֻתĿҿ⻨µɡ
΢˲ֻͼʱֻҪʲôһأǸð죡ȥ죡
ģͽūȥɣūŪһףظĵı֤ţ
ֻЦܲİ֣Ǳ㣬ȴ֮ˣ
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úúãͽūɣӦ£ʰ˵һԷúõºңķˮ
ԺĻֲֻˣһŴϲΰ£Լޱ̺Ȳ裬Ŀһ۵ĲȴҪҧֵģЦһʱ֮仭漫

712 ˵

712  ˵
ڿҿңɵ˥ֳţѾŬˣεĹȴûٻԺӵֻһ롣

۵ۼ̫ѾɽֻȴʼδжֻȻµĹκȲ裬ü΢Ĺľɫ˳ֻĿȥǳȴȻ˺⣬һصĺҶϼһء

СĻֻ
ֻعĿɻ
Щִ٣ɫ
ŶֻӹĿִٵû˵ȥոɣ
䣬µĹΣѸٵĻصԼķУٽͰ仰Ļᡣ
￴ȥֻЩĿɿڴĿƳδѵʣ°Ժ䣬̾˿ðɣո͸磬ݺֻֻǸԺĻƾĶԣ̣ܼ򵥣ּۻ۵ȷǲ̫á
Լӹǲһ۵ĲУ
һߴͷɥһа¾ģΪ˳ȻҸΪԺӣһҪֻ飬Ҳ̤ʵˣ
ô·ãһЩڼԼ
ǵصԼķʱȴۣһ¶ٶˡ
ꡪ
ϷƵֻѾͷޱ仯ĻصԼķУһȳһյģǳ̲סЦ⡣
ϲʹЦһţС㣬𣿡
ǰǸﻹһʢ˵ģǸСԺЩһ͸۳ǸӣȴҪǿװԼģ
ɲǣ
ϲʹһһ²۵֣漴˱ϵķӦ
С㣬ǲЩԿϲǵĿֻŮ˼񶾣ǰôҩڮڡǺò֣õȻͷɻȷͦģô׵ķŹԺҪǵİѱ˰
Ҳʲôö˵С飬ˣСˣ
ǣ
Ҳߵ߬ȭͷСǧܾôŹǣ
ֻǶУĿ˸Žţ
˵ʲôˣ
˵ͷŹ𣿡
Һû˵ɡ
ֻڵЦЦ
ͳȻǰôԲֻ飬һҪƽô£ô˸˼ֻôǼһЩڹأ
Ҫô׵ˣûţ
ʹϲϱϣǰ
Сû˵
㿴ǺͿôٴСأū澸
ʹϲһݵĿ⿴ֻɵ˵СӢ
̫Ӣˣ
ۻΪԼõֻԭ£ֻʲôû˵һвԼˣʱϵıһܷḻʣ
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ǰϲ뵽Ժ滹иͷأ
ֻϵĿڣȺúõߴڿһЩһεһζ٣
˱ȥǳ򲻾ľˣҪҹˣ
ʱϹ԰׷̬ȸĹۿν˿ɼ׷Լ᲻뿪ϹģҪʵеͷȴԽԽǿңʱϹȴ١ܳҰ׷ģô׷ұˣٱ
ЩŮ˲ϲݱ˶
ֻ£ǳʲôĶ׵ζ
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˵ϴѸٸϵ׷ҩŲһյ裬µÿԵ߸ʽˣӦûܿĳʱˡ
Ȼǰ׷Ͳסˣ
ʱֻȥ׽jianڴ׷񲻳ҲˣϹ
ԭĳ˶ˣռԭҲǻˣʣµӣȥ̫ҪǷݶ䣬뿪Ӵߺûʲôˣ

713 ٷһ

713 ٷһ
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ڽҹգҹĻ̽ʪɢĪ˸С
ϹϵѾתȴʼѹֳơ
ֻͬϹ뿪ӰԼԺл֮ȥϹֻ֪ȻѾ˸㲻öκε룬Լģ̲סҪȥ˼һһЦһһ
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һҾ͵븹ζűǻϹĴȴѿһĨЦ⣬ƺеʹϼһ㡣
һĨ޳ӰӪ̤룬ƴһ°ɫĽۣͦΣ֥£˵£ʫ续ֻϹɫߣӦȴڵסƴϵķ
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Ϲĵȷܿ࣬ҲȷҪһйʱ䣬Լʲôʲôˡ
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ܿϲʹϴ󣬱˰һŹ°ȻãԺ棬ҲһӰ׾гٻԼŲŲȴԸӳ
ĵطֻǹһĨЦ⣬ȴƽĮô
ҿǵأ
ʹֻ࣬ĻֻͷƤ飬ȴҪǿװЦ⣺õˣūĲǡ
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仹ǡһֱ帣״̬£ͻȻıˣһϹͷ֧Ųסˡ
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ȻֻĻȴһˮͷϡ
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Ҫͷˣ
﷢ģǰôĺ̬óѹԼûȥֱ˺ֻźǳЦ
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ز֣ǽµûأ
ֻЦŵģ۵׵ЦȴǱ䣬ҲֻеŭδΪ˳Ȼãˣ
ãȻūūȻȻƴǣ
ҧӦ£ŭɨɨȥϹԺӣ˵ľͿʼ
ֻ˴鷿гϹ

714 ˵

714 ˵
Ϲһɫۣüšţĵɻʱ׷ϹһţȻɲ٣ҲûκãȴǴǰǰ㽫Լ鷿вҳˡ
ʱʲôû˵ֱӸɻɻ
׻ǴСԼˣûֱʲô˺Ϲ飬ϹﻹǺκصģߣϹ˸ϳȥˣһֻ۱һֻۣ
һæϵʲô鶼ǷԸȥģʱùԼԶ֣
ϹǰҪʵʲôֻȴǼʱϵϹסˡ
үĪҪȥŵ
Ϲһ㶣֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ֻĿתҲ˵үܻ֪ɣŮȻҪˡ
ԺԶأ
ϹüšһţɵĿ̶ֻӦµׯ𣿡
ףԶ
ʲôʱ飬Ϊα֪
ȻˣȻֻҲһһʱ˲еĴͷҲᱻȥׯӡ
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720 ˺˭

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721 Ĺȥ

721  Ĺȥ
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ʱôذж԰׷ʹͣԺһУϹűŭѻ
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ڵҹɫУͻȻһݵӰϹǰϹҲ룬ֱȡҹ彣Ľ⻮գ˲һѪۡ

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үָǰȾҲǸող֪أһ֪ȥүѰҲүģֹү顣
ƵֻϵĺǳЦĴʹϹֻۣ̬֮ȡΪں
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аŻкޣϹûа鰮̸⣬֮ԻˣȫΪҪԭһڶˡ
ǰϹ˻ƭȡֻĻģڵõ֮ȴϧΪʧײǿ⣬ɸūͲֻͷϣİĥ˸ɵӣޡ
οϹֻĹϵ޼ɵةֲ֧㣬ɥҪóɵֻȥ˿ɺԼ
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722 δĳ

722 δĳ
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ŪЩʿδ̳ǵĵؽ磬ѾˣҶΪѣȻʱϹһֱŬѧϰţƴ֮㣬׿ѧϰʱ䳤̲˵ʱǺܶƥеġ
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723 ̫

723 ̫
֪ĲܴʱʼŬȥѧϰ䣬书ȴʼձȲ㣬׷ĽŲɣڱıߣսҲҪȥ
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ϹֲڵָϵĦոдţбԽԽࣺϲҵģϲӢۡϧҲǡ
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ֻܹܼ޸ϹҲǷһ۵ģڡ˳ײŸһ£Ҫּ룿
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ڶŮ˵ҪǺ룬ӴԺֻҲᱳ޶˵ԺҪ޵Ҳ¡

724 ּ

724  ּ
ƽĶۣʵ۵ЩУȷԽϹΪڣ򵱳ֻҲϲϹ
Ȼ޶ˣ»飬˵ĸʲô鷳ǿ취ģ̫ü΢̽ԵţּͷΪһƷھΣ
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ֻһƷھټฮԺϹίֻҲˣ
ְ취ĹŴ˵ȷõİ취ֻҲ֪̫ڶĹģǿϧԭҲڹŴЩ׵۹֮УԼδһӺϹ˷ʱ䡣
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ֻȻڸϣ
ŮˣӴ̶ֳȣ빬ôҲ

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ʢŭϹֻݸЦү˵ЦˣˣǷŲµġ
̫ͻȻ٣֪үʱһֱæŲ³鲻ûү
ֻӯӯڣ˵빬ȥ̫Ϲɫ͵ļ֣ҲʱϹͻȻע⵽ֻеĶǺǡּܲ
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725 ϵ˼

725 ϵ˼
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֮ҹֻ°ߣϹףڻʹУʺֻɱģϹҲֻֻȥɳǣϹҲһ·׷ɳǣֻصԼߣֻҪʰ׷ȻϹҲԵ޶á
ǡֻ֪㡣
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ΪҪϷŪѿ
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ֹܼȴüԥ˵ԼĿˣС㲢Ƿʲô⡣
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оǣŮҪķҽֻڵ˫Ŀ˼֣ô飬ŮòܾŮ鰮֮䣬ŮӣҲӦԼİúԼϲ顣
ŮڶҽǸȤҪȥѧЩ
ֻǾЩҽ伮ѧ̫ҽģ֢̬УһҪȥ۲ɫɫĲˣԼҽֻһпƴתͳҽ롭Ĵҽ˵ͬʱҲܱøҽƴǣ
룬ֻո˵Լ뷨ûܻة֧֣ܵĽֹ
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ֻǸŮӣȻĴֻܴԸϸı˺ܶ࣬Щ뷨ةҲǿģҪĴǾԲеģ
Ȳ˵Ůӹᴦ鷳˵ĴҽһѲĲأ
ǱǺģȴ˻£Լһĵ飡
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ةȻֻǨϲãȴǸٹ̵Ĺ˼룬޷׸ıġ
ֻü룺ҽһƵĺ£οŮΪԼҽǵ˳뻯ĳ̶ȲŸҪϰģŮҪĸãͱҪһЩС
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ַ˵˵ͷûʲôҪ飬ֻҪʲôã
˱ȻҲˣֻԻͷһǸݷã˵ةཫݷӣ
ַкֺɻҪǸݷ㵽ʲôãֵֻôģʲôܵĻҲҸݷһ¸飬ʱԿˣ
䣬ַ˿ţһʲôطûз֣ôҲȫֻһˣ
Ҳصǰ˵ȴݷԺıؾ֮·
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ݷһ°ɫһ˫ʾõַˣ΢΢üȴǵĵ˵ͷˡ
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ַԼںݷ˵ʱҲǲԾֳһָ߸ϵĸоĪ
һжãʹ˹ˣݷˡ
ݷҪߣַȴǷ·𲻶ݷķһ㣬˵ţҪ˵㻹ðȴү˻ȻʧˣǵԼˣǵָ֮һҪүĶ¡
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ݷոǿةĵҲûе˭֤˻᲻ΣպⷢȻݷĴڱܺܺõļΣպ⣬ҲܷĴ󵨵ȥҽ
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ǧüĽƳſֵȴǲδԣֱӾ߿

µҽֻҽҽѾСɣһҲų
˶֪һλҽӣҽֺ߳Ǻƣһͨ˷ҩƶǸԣֻҪţӶᾡҽΣûӣǱĲȡ
һʱ֮佭ӺϹ룬һȳΪе
Ψи⡣
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ʱֻŸıӣԽĽСѪļҲɹСɫ˫۾еĿȴԽ貣ĺһУʵƲ˫ۡ
ʱݷոֻߣƽʱ𱣻ֻİȫǰæֻҽˣԸЩģֻѬ֮ݷ㽥ıð˵ЦǳʶǰнǶةТ˳ةҲǴĵݷ㣬˱ͬһ㡣
ةҲºȻ׽һڣСַˡ
ַֻ׼Щҩַ˻QҲ̤ˣ
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ֻεҡҡͷѾˣʣµģҪԼˡ
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ݲݵùţֻʰңԼҽҩ䡣
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ֻÿѡҽĵص㶼ǲһģȴһͬ㣬Ƕ뾩ԽԽԶɳԽԽڲ֪֮䣬ֻҲǿƲסԼҪƴǿġ
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ȥҸջס£Ȼȥúһ£
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СĴ꣬ÿʱ̳ǵıͶΪλǼʱģһЩҲҲõĵطˣСǿֺƵĺÿ͡
⼸ֻ߶һװ磬ΪصĺܺãС㽫˵ֵˡ
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˵ں޵ľҩأС˵֣أǰڴɨջʱСĻ赹ˣҲڿջŵ򣬱һ
֪ش޲ߵĲ֢Ҫҽβҩ
ҽҪ߹شܶģ
СǺ⣬ֻСĻ֮ȴǲɵ΢㶣򡭡ôôϤ
Īƴߵ
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СӰߺֻȴüͷֱȥ˸ݷڵķ䣺С㣬ЩҪҪȳȥһˣջ֮ең
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ȫӦҪĵλֻ˲ٵġ鵤ҩȻ书ЩҩԸһСë߾ϲˣǴ´ˣ
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ɵ˼ۣԭΪսӵĳɾͺҽϵ裬ҲҪףԼ£˵Ĺȥģǲ뵽ŲһȴͻȻ֡
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ģڱ˵мǰ꣬ҲܶԼôԼûʲôֵñ˴˼ģֻţȽ˵ɣ
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ʲôʱã
ƫƫԺƴǺǧҲڳ
ֻźۼ̿ˮи⣬̫ˣҲƴǣֻûþʲô̬ͷӦȥƴǣҲǻû׼ôξ߳ƴǡ
ԣֻɴ;ŶʱȲҪƴǺˡ
ǻĿ𣿡
Ȼ㲻㣬ǽӱ㲻ٶˣֻźۼĽƴǺǧϵĿ˻ֱʾ뿪
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̫ˣ޷ģֻ˵Ҫ˵鼴ɣλϷѣҪܻ䣡
һ˵ֻı۾ǣȷǲҪܻģֻҲҪܻ䣬ֻǡҪܰˣ
ƴһ°ɫ΢΢ţڵ˫̶ˮһ㣬ĿףǧҲһݵĴƴǵ߱ƴǵİȫҪƴ»ҩģֻţƴǵĲ֢Ҳ㵢һᡣ
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ǼֵĿ⣬ֻͻȻЩ飬ĿҲ˸ҡ
ǧֺƴطģȴû뵽˻һ״⧲

748 㰲

748 㰲
ƴǱǰӲɣˣΪҪβԭƴǽյװ缫ŵ͵ȫ̫ݣҹĴү
ҪҪ̵ġˣֻҪôʲôҲ˵뿪Ƕ벻ܵˣֻӲͷƤǰȴִҽҩ֮еȱ¼õƴǲٵĲ֢˻ȥβʱķˡ
ʵСпƴóķҲ޵ĵطСҽεʱȴúܶطвֻͨѾҩץҩɲûЧǡˣЩɻ󣬲֪ƽİ취
ֱֻӶ˵ƴǵĲ֢ڵ˾ﲻֱӱﲻ˵ǲǻἫ̶ȵӰӵ飬ֻֻܼǣת˵Ĳ֢Ĺ׽һЩ֮װɺƴϤģȥƴβ
ֻ¼֢ŷ˹ĿصĿһۣɻ󣬼Ҳûıֻ˵ңЩֻ֢֢Ҫúô֮󣬲Ұҵķӷҩһʱܰˣ
򽻴ֻ֮ƴ΢΢ףԼ鷿ڣһһŵӳݵֻǰ
ֻӹ֮濴ǾȺǹŴʵҽԼ·ңһֱڿŽִָҩβĽҪõĶˣŵ伮˼Ĳ֢б׻⡣
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ʧ˵ݷܺãԸƣΪƽ׽ˣǰĹֻ˵ʼǸĲ˵ʲôʱݷͻָ˼䣬ǰ顣
̫ȷǷãֻǷ¶ҪδȻĺá
ݷôһ˲ָˣҲ޴롣
򼸺ҲûĻش𣺡֪
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ܶͷȨǷ֮Ѱҽ޹ǴҶղ飬ھӵҽ֮ûñһ˺ü
˵⣬ǧҲǶǽӳ˺档
ǰ̳ǵʱѾӵ®ɽĿʱĽӺںݵģһ˫ȴǸЦ˫ý鶯ΪҲǺƽͣһĴǰϹŶ
ӣȻҲȥ
ƴǵüͷšĸˣȴҡҡͷٵȵȿɣ
ϵĲ֢ѾˣҲһʱٹſɣƴˡ
ǣ
ƴ̬ƶǧҲ˵ʲôֻܹվһԣͬƴһ𣬿Žӵҩ
ʱ÷ɿ졣
ҹɫɫŷǵ㣬һǶĻ棬˵֮ڣʱѾкܶ࿴ֵİոԻؼңҽҲֻʣĲˣֻӵдҩ֮󣬲ǵϢ
һ죬ֻüʹֻСĴԼļȴ֣ƽʱݷƬ̲ߣԽȴûмݷӰ
еֻ֣Լҩ˵̵ĴţɫŨֻҲةฮȥ
ҵʱݷڣýӹļסةฮҲضزء
С·̷УƷĿò֣ȷʵİӰֻ߲ż΢縡һƬס
ͻȻ֪ﴳҰèֻĽűߣŵֻͷһʧĽ˳˻
Ұè·ʲô̼ˣڵ壬ëսһ˫ҹɢŹżݣŭĿֻֻסŲƺͨͨͣ
˫ôţ˭ûнһȴϻһ̱
ֻǺҰèֻžҹҰèĳЩʱˣͻȻ֮ľֻܲסһʱ֮ʧ˷ִ磬ֻ޴ʱǰͻȻһӰҰèֻ֮䡣
£㲻еġ
ħһ㣬ֻǼŵƵʻҿǰߴӰֻĪİġ
Ӱֻ֮󣬱ĿĿǱŵҰè£ûҪ˺ģЩؼҰɡ
ģҰè˻һ㣬ȷֻûҪ˺ԼĴ֮󣬾ȻĹɵŲ뿪ˡ
ֻо壬̲סʳڣǡôģ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȻҰèԹ
˵תЩִٵĿֻԼԴҲҲûʲôֻ֮ǰҹ·ĶԱо飬ҿũôģ
ѧˣ

759 ܺõһָо

759 ܺõһָо
ֻݸЦŵͷԭˡ
ô֣ǲҪһ£
ϴκ̳ǣ̳Ǻ;ԶΪҪĴ˳ƻȥģأ
ֻһˣԽǰ費Ӧ̳ǰ׼ƿ𣿶Ĵй䣬ôɵĵ˾ԼһΣ
ϵľִٱԽԽˣġ
ң
ֻ΢΢Щ边Ȼ˵Լģǵʲôʱλûаӡ
˵ͬλ̸ǻ˾Īֻӡ̲Ŷԡ
ţģϴ̳ǴҴһߵʱѯʹ֣˵нӣھǣұ·ˣû뵽ĽŲҪһЩɵЦᣬҪһͬ鸰ģԽܶطƫԶѧӶǰ·ǰ·ʲôˮ岻ʣʱҽλָȻǵԵʱڽҪΪԼ״̬ѧҵˡ
ǰصķڵѧҵҲвͬǰ뾩ĴݷһЩңһЩСϢӶԼĿƿЩȡĸõΡ
ֻȻ򣬡ԭˡ
û뵽ڿƿⷽ滹ôĽ˿ҪִĿѶˣڿƼȫˣɼȥ˹ֱõо
ôһ룬ִĿԸһЩ
Ǳǰףƿиóɼɣ
˵ͷţھûʶˣԡԱҵˡ
սڵ費Ҫȥע̸ۣ֮οͶģô᲻֪ڣ
ʱȽĵѾˣұҪȥջѰ㣬뾹·㣬Եˡ
ֻȻЦЦȷԵֵġ
Ȼ࣬ǺֻһʱȴҵʵĻ⣬ͬ轻̸ʱҲѹ˾ҹɫֵʯС·ϣһ·̸ֱֻฮĺľҲȻ˾Ȼ˵˵ЦЦôʱ䡣
δ裬ֻε˵Բˣձ˵ɣҵȻȥˡ
ΪһЩסฮõ̫ʱฮĹܼš
ĴߴٵСԽˣ߶Ž˶ʱ䣬ǱǸ
ûϵġ
ֻתߣȴͻȻڽסֻ򡣡
ôˣֻɻĻͷ
˫ڣĿ⾧ԥ˺һŷ·һĿֻǡԺ󻹿𣿡
ʵնҲǷζġ
ֻȻЦԣö鷳ƣԵҵҽңҶģ
ã
Щȥɣ
ֻӰʧ֮ڣӰҲʧҹɫ֮Уٶȿľˡ
ฮֹܼһ˯ݷԺȴһƬڣֻɻ󣬡Сȥˣ
첻ҲͰˣȻʱ򻹲ˣ
ֻة鷿ĵƻδϨ𣬱Ҫȥûмݷ㣬֮ݷһƣ˴ǰȴڼֻ֮ϵƣ̬ȴڼֻ֮һɨ⣬ϲ
㡣
ݷ󲽿ǰ̵һ쿪ţô
ͦõģ֮ǰûʲôֻ֮ǰķȷһĵص㣬㣬ôһ춼ûӰֻеݷ£ǳʲô𣿡
㲻Ҫɣ
ݷҡͷû£ͬæڳѰһ£׽ҰŵЩ鲻̫Ϥѧ˲Ż
ݷǸûмˣе֪ڼֻԼةฮģ֮ǰ̳ǵʱֻ˵ϣݷԼȥС࣬ݷС
ة
Ҫ鷱࣬ݷͷɹֻߣæݻˡ
ǼȻӦֻҲةæݷ㲻ʧֻŬһЩɼ
ݷֻ˵ĺܶԣͲСˣһֱةıӻฮİæˣӦʵȥһЩ飬ԼϸеΣԼҲةฮһӣ
С㣿
ݷ˵ԼȻةһݲ£ֻǴĵݷˣ⣬ϵݷ㣬͸е̬Ⱥ͸顣
һζĸֻݷҰԡ
ֻԼة֮࣬ﶼӰģǳȥҷݲæµͲһˣ

760 ɱ

760  ɱ
ӴܶɫɫˣݷҲԺֻԼģѧȥ˵ѺãҲᵽĿ֣ճΪһˣҲıԼƫִ뷨ӶͯӰ߳
ġ
ֻ˫ڵ˫ݷصĵͷĿϿҵ˵㣬İɣһúģʲôѺͲӦŬ˷ģ
ΪֻϲӣôԼҪŬΪֻϲģ
ֻݸЦЦδȿ޵Ļ˵ֻݷɫһĿ˸֮㽫ֻԼĻУγϵŵĳСģ
䡪
ںҹзײͷƤ顣
⧲ĵݷĻеֻδӦ˶߷ХĽ⡣
ฮɱ
ֻԺеʱıͷ˭Ҫฮ֣
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ǰУϼҼǹ˺ܾúܾòҵݷټܶ˵˹켣дˣѲϼҲǰҹˣ
˵ЩҴ˽ةฮţǺܿģֻԼ뷨ýӵҲǵƤ֮ˣȻûôĵӸةฮ˴ɱģ
ֻΪڻǽװ磬δüָò
Щ˵Ŀģֻݷ㣡
ֻüĽ۾ĸݷ󣬾ݷϺȣҲСģ
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ҽʱҲܶεɽ˻ЩҪˣȴֻżȻȻˣǺ˲ɱ߳ŭҪֻ
һһıݷ㴦ˡ
ݷ书Ҳ澫ţֻƴǲĶ˰ɣ
顪
ںҹĦ𻨣졣
ݷ΢У׾Ǻ⣬ĺһ¾װݷ㷢˷ĽݷΪֻڱǰķֻѡ׵˱ܡ
ܿģݷ㷢˺˵Ŀ꣬ƺֻ
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Ѱ˰ȫĻߣõң
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ݷֻ֮ͬ󣬱ѰʱֻߣֻҲҧƴŷȥȻǺ˲ûȢ׷ֻӿݷϮݷߡ
ΪûֻҲܳ׷ſֽŵȥӦԣ
ҹֻ뿪֮ɱýӰΧݷ㣬
ת䣬ݷؿڱУѪ˲ȾʪѣƮɢѪζһԵֻͷһȴǲҴţϼҼˣ˷ݷģ˸࣬Էٵתֻ֮תܿฮкܶవڣܰõݷ㡣
ۼֻ뿪ʧ֮ڣݷӢüţĿɺ졣
ǰĳסִ˵ţ˵ҲȻĵڵϣһƬӰ£ݷоʹһ㡣
һʱ֮еѪζŨ
˵˸⣬ݷٶҲǴǰǰѸ١
ݷȴôˡ
ȻˣһߡݷɺĿ⵭Įķ˵֮䣬˳Ϊʬ嵹£еĻᶼûУ
ͨͨ
Ϊ׵Ǹ˵ֻţǰŲƬ̵ĹԼͬ鶼ˣҲսֻѸ룬ݷҲΪ׵ĺ˵뷨
ͬʱֻѾİӪȣС㣬ڣ
˭
ֻǳ⣬ݷɱֳͻȻı˷򣬴ĿתСȴȥİҲѸٵǰصİΧס
ꡪ
׼ȷĴк˵СȣϵĺڲҲݷ㳶ֻǺ˵ĿɫȻǡߵ
ǣסˣҹ
Ȼǡ
Ϲˣ
ѾʱˣȻûû˵ةฮ鷳ǰǾֻڲֻˣҪȥݷĲʹˣ
ǸҪˣ
ֻãõƷ£ҲɱԽԼߵİ
ˣ޻˵

761 ˱

761 ˱
ҹĵĽͷȥֻݷǱĿ⣬ȴǻںޱȡ
ԭΪݷǸݰǸҲǸСˣ˵Ծ˳ȣԴɱܲŲæĴҪǣϹ̫͹ݷ书ˣ
ﵽ˸߳ĳ̶ȣ
ȫϹ书ǿİôݷǰҲûֵˣɾĽߣҲûȥϹǰػˣ
ôã
ݷüĽȴѯֻ˼
ֻһڣ˴ȥฮιţ游ة࣬Ҫةæˣ
һҪ˵©캰ةุˣ
⣬СһЩĪҪŪ쾪ү
ڻŮ죬ǳˢˢĿԺüʬ˵ţҪŵجˣ
ãݷһһӦͷӦ¡

Ϲīɫۣĵʱʵ̫ıƣڹᣬϹȻĿ껹ֻϣȻϴͻ飿
ǽԼںεأ
ֻ
ǺҲǡ
ϧϹΧȴ鲼ܻϵӣϹϹûа취ֻұ˳
ฮǸݷΪҪйĺö
ȥֻҲͰˣҲŲԼҽʱ䲻ٿҪϹĥķˡ
ɲҹȥ˺ܾȴûлţ
ȫǷ
ϹȻӺľޱߵҹɫ˶ôĥĥ䣡
ҹǲҪͳһְˣ
ԶһС̷үȱż·ҹ˱ŵˣƾͿҪˡ
˱⡭
Զһ䲻ϹȻͷһԺиǿٵһЩͷ
òǡʧ˰ɣ
ǲӦã
ฮЩϹةȻҲԼģǾԲԼİ书ߣټҹжģһɱǸݷֲû˷־ѾҪ
Բģ
ϹôοԼȴԽԽ㣬ȥȥฮ̽һЩʲô㱨
ϹָԶüͷķԸţⱻةฮ˸˵ĻһֳģҲźˡ
ǰĳ棬Ǳҹ˵ûб¶
ǣ
Զֵ̿ĵͷϹǿƵѹСŵĳԺӣѡ˼ƽʱСѸٵĳŴ̽ϢһǼС˱ˣˢˢĿԶҡͷ
ԶҲϢһֲıϹү
Сȥ̽ˣฮһƽǶ˯ˣûзʲô쳣ĵط
Ϲüͷĸˡ
͸ˡ
ฮȻһƽ
ۼɫԽԽϹ򴽲վֵ˸ʱ֮ĳ˹ȵףڡȷˣҹӦǱةฮ˸ˣ

Ϲз·һŻգѾŭˣȴһٶĳ״
ˣ޷Ƶĳ̶ˣةฮЩҷҲܴԼİˣһܳŵ˶ûС
Ϲϣиǵʱи䲻õԤУܡ
Щ˲Ǳˣǡ
ɱˣ
˭ģ
ѵǡݷ㣿
˼˴ϹȻӰʧںҹ֮С
ԶŵĴ󺰣үүҪȥġ
Ϲȴ˿ûͣǼ̳лλ̫֮Ĺؼʱ̣ԭ̫֮λ֮ϧΪϹɳǵıûϵ˶ҡٳδ¾
Ϲɳǻ֮ϹݵλԽǡڱ֪ȥฮɱ
Ϲǽ壬׵һͿأ
ܾôԼԼˣһҪҹһδ˯ѣة໹ûлὫɱȥʱ򣬼ʱð취
ǴڽҲ԰ߣ
ฮ
аسѾּΪһƷаҴ˷аۡҽةȫȨȻһϾһƷĸۡͬһ㣬ݲðֵ
ϹةŮǴǰйǣģةкѰܶҪΪк©ǵϹǣֻ
һæǵҹ
ةϨ鷿ϢȴͻȻԺı仯𾪵Ŀڣ⡭
ô£
ҹѾݷסֽȷ޷ԲõĹฮˣԺ滹ЩʬûӴü

762 Ϲ

762 Ϲ
ݷף˵ףŵˡ
ЩǽİǰдɱɣУλҹİ˵ڵΣ´˸Ϣ˵ġ
Ҫ׽˴ϵǰȥƷȻҹȥةฮɱҪڻϵǰһ˵
ةͷһݵĿ˸
ֹܼȴǻŻŵүҹ
ֹܼԭŴվŵɱڵϹѾúѹˣԺֿ֮ôʬڵϣ̸Ӿˡ⡭ô£
үû°ɣ
ةüĽšƳ˷ִֹܼȴûж˵1
ҲҪ
ةͬŭĵһֱֻֻҪֻƽƽ߸˵ģν飬ҲںֻΣջѹǿҪҪԼѹ
ϹƭֻӦ׵ģӭȢ֮ϹȴúõϧֻʺҲҪֻأة̣
ֻԼԵ̫˳ɹ룬֮ŷֻһֱڼлҽͲϹ㣬ϹãȻζźǰɧŲҲͰˣȻǲฮɱˣ
ҪһСЩɱְûпƺ÷ִ˺ֻô죿
ϹδҲ̫ˣȫฮУ
ة࣬ˣ
ةŭĵ˴õʱϹվ⿴ةȿڣȴة˻ȥǰ£΢ҲҪҽʣµʲô˼ȻԼˣ
ة಻ǰͬϹߵ׺ľϣĵĶϹǾฮˣ
ͷ۸ˣ
ةൽةһְڳ֮дô꣬ҲǼ˷粨ģɱС£ǵĲҲüͷοԷϹ۸Ůˣ
һܺգֻöԷôߣ
ϹɫױãϾԼȴǲҺةͻģֻǺͬةཻͨةˣ⻰Ǻ˼
ة࣬ǸصĴ󳼣ȻϾᣬܶϻòõĵطҪةЯ̸ฮˣ
ҹţȷмöԲүȺү˵һǸ
Ϲе˫ֽգûж˵͵̬ҪǺ鴫ȥϹԸԼԼʧȥλĻᣬϹĲةǰͷ
ϷˣԼֻĸ׵ǰͷ
ة಻ϹҲΣӲͷƤ֪̽үɷ񿴼ߵİҹ
ةŭģѾ˴ɱˣϹɲģŽҵ̬һة໹֪࣬㲻ȥǸˡ
Ŷ
үߵİҹةݵ£һ˫Ŀ⾫˸ĿĶϹڴ£ЦүߵİȥˣѵүԼ𣿡
ȻʵฮˣүĪڿЦ
Ϲһʱةµ޻˵
ةȴǰ֣ʾֹܼǰкϹҹ΢ûֻмʬ壬΢ҲҪһҳϲʶ
ʬ塪
Ϲͫ΢ɫĸֹܼԺ
ةߵЩҹฮȴŽǲҪϳһԡ
Դ㵵Ϲʱة༥ѲɽţҪϳģֻҪϳûǰɣ
ةȻ֪Щǰɱ˲ǳìͷָԼϵĻǳ̶Ȳֻ˵Ϲ˴ɱˣŻΪڳеĵλܵϵӡ
ôܣ
ϹҲûķϣ
Щ˸ͲǱеİ͵˱İҪ޻ˣ
ҲΪ˰үģ
ة༫ϹϷȻԭˡ
ԭǽ϶˶ˣ
Ϲ¶ЦݣةĿϹȼ֮ˣ˶Ȼ˳ҵฮү׼βȥϵǰȥ˻أ
ةҲͨİգܱϹľôŪȥ

763 ָ˵

763  ָ˵
㣡
ةֱԲĸ˻ȥϹһʱȴ޻˵ģŵͼ̫ԣǲţյ˻ϵǰ֡
֮鲻ôãϹעǸةϳײԼԼҲҪš
ة̫ῪЦˡ
ϹɫǴмô仰ģĹ֮԰˱뵽ةฮΪİ͹󸮵幫йִʱȻѹסˣǱϾԤϣҲ˵ǲǽ⿪Ľᡣ
ԣڷ˰֮󣬱˳ҵҪѯүǷฮ뿴үɫˣˣû˵ԭүǸ뾹ү˱˼ʵЩǸ
ةƺʲô˵Цһ㣺Ŷ
˵ϳүĺˣ
ϹȻЦ⣬ةֿڣǿүˣϳĸϣŵЩҲϳۻˣı
ةݵ£Ƶۿһ˫Ŀ⾫˸
ըϹˣҹԴ̫⣬ǻûеôĵزд˻ҡڵĴŽ±˲֪ǵһ㡣
ɲϹ飬էһֿôʬ壬鶼ֻӦγϵĪҪҹЩۡ
ǲУԼˣ
ʲô
Ȼة֮Ϲ𾪵Ŀة࣬ڵǰȥ飬ԭױõɫ³׵ıˣةˡ̫ðɣ
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ةϵЦתϣ̫ã
ЩʬȻûдİϵҹڿฮĵοѺأ£˭ô̫ã
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ϹҧĵĿŭةҪʲô˵
СŮǰ׾ʶˣô˵̫ʥּ£СŮûκεĹϵúǣˣȴٳپŲţԽĹ֣Űɱ
£ѵɾӸе̬𣿡
ة˸ϳҲҪηСҪʲôֻҪӦϳһŵôҹū֪
ϳҪȥҲҪϵǰۣ߻ϲܣа£а½ջؾΪ֮
˵Ϲã˵ϹϹжʱ
ϹɳսЩ꣬һֱ˸ϹʹӣϹ㲻˵ҲвģһֱڵȴѰԼĴܽԼء
˽ฮд̱ǴϹɿةʱյĵλԸԼٲˣ
ϹͷһֻǿةȨƺ͵λԼûúƿסֻѾةԼˣǧٽةϹӪ
ة˵
ϹĪŲõԤУҶΪѸᡣ
Ϲվѡ˵ͷʲôŵ
ϳҪڴģ֮겻پСŮҲ׼ةฮκ֣ӴةฮͽˮˮûκεĳͻκεĽةüĽϣ
ϹֻĿڴʲôסһ㣬ةฮɡ
ةĻϵĻصԺУͬʱϹǰֵȴֻһһЦ
Լߵĵͷ
˫ǵ˫ֻԼ
ǽεĺ촽ĽԼ硭
Ϲĺ񱻵һ㣬ʼĽӴʱǲ棬ദʱˣ˷ǲľ飬ϹԼ֪Լڲ֪Ѿֻġ
ģϲֻ
ϧ֪̫ˣЩ˺һ£㲻ֲ̺ۻԶϣС
һԼ󲻵õŮˣһ֣ȡᡭ
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Ϲվѡ˴ӦةҪ
ϾԼȨŮϣϹѡҲˡ
ة׵ϲɫһҲŻûԱϹлʺͼֵ˽ǵϣ˫Ҳֵֻøܾ˵ĳ̶ȣǸʱֻ֮ĳޡ
ϹԸ˽ºͽ⣬òİ취

764 ҽ

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ҪǲܰæֺֻĻģƴǶϹ˵ҲԱĴˡ
ҵܰԸЩϹǰζ飬Щɣƴǲ쿴ˣ
үˡƴǱ΢΢һĨȣҹˣүȻȥ޵Ϣɡ
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ǲ룬ձ㣬Լ˳⽼ΡϹˬĵͷߵʱ򻹲֪᲻㿪ʼ׼
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ϹӰʧƫ֮󣬲صգգ۾ƤĿƴǣӣЬӶǻˣүûע⵽ȻҪȥһ¡
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ƴʶĿƳԼĽ£ϹͻȻƴЩǻˣµЬȴδü

770 ҹ

770  ҹ
ҲȷǶϹϸûע⵽ȻƴûбҪ¶ϹͣϾڶ˹һݣ˴֪˴һ춼ʲôˣʲô£ܸõһݺúõĻȥ
Ҫģ
Ϲ޾ϸͬƴǻ㱨Ҫıġ
룡
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ƴǻδüӦѾͷĻ˳ȥҲǺ㣬ҹɫˣǸϽϢɣͲˡ
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ƴεЦЦһ˶޵еʱԺȴڻعŲ˵Щ
ŮӵĻģǿһЩѣ֬ˮۣ
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˼ֻϲֻ֣쿴׼˺Щﰡ
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ɫģǵԸƣǸ׽ˡ
Ҳҥ
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ү˵ҪʲôΪʲôҴ
æĽͣ˸أСˣļƻӰ죬ֻ֮ǰūǴүľϲġ
ϹòѾ㹻ֻϲˣʣµֻͲںǺϣʲôϲ
ЦӯӯģشСĻūҼүǰСģүž¿һҲ÷ӣʦպܲѿʽǾǧϲģŴСմ̫ؾˣ˹Сһ³ߴ磬ҲöѣŴСϲġ
ԱߵºȻ¶ʧæȻССҲˣүүҲ׼
С㣬үǶԴСأСҲϣһϹֻԣ峺ȴ˸Ž
ϹķԸǲæĳı⣬ҪϲŮ˵ĻģҪֺ˼֮⣬Ҫֺ׽ˣν˲֡
ฮ£ôˣֻںҲôˣʹˣԾȫˣ

771 

771 
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ҪǱȫҶֻͣ˵аةͿ๦ߣҵҵ¡
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һͬϹ׼һ·ҡҡλŽⱼȥ
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ŵֻװһˮƤëޱȣڵĿռܴ󣬻ڷżľСˮ͸ӦоС
ҪǽܺаƾԲպҲǸˣ
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ǰǻйΪĽ£˺֮а¾Ƕôģ
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ȻϲĽһֻô㣬˺üڡ
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ѾʻܾˣεĻˣǿЩȴûͣ˼
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ҪѰʱ򣬱ǲϹ֣ϹҪȡһЩʱĵԼǰ
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롣
ֻڣǰĲЦĻͷС㣬ūأ
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ʲôҪԸ𣿡
ֻҡҡͷûҪԸֻǡΪλٳٲүӰҪȥģ
Ҫǰļ䣬ֻ֪вô˵ĴڣһòҪԼһ·ʲô˵صģ
Ȼֻ֮󣬲ϵЦݸˣС㣬үôȻүĵģūүɹСģȻôСˣڡҪүĻҲȱżǾܵүԼõĵطˣ
үԴСģȻôСʧģ

772 

772 
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ҪֻϹԼģҲǲԸġ
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ֻü룬һڴ£Ҫǰ뿪黹Ҫµϡ
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ֻҡҡͷѹ˵£ϲĻǱҪֻԼȡ֮Ųڣǳɹʧܣ뽫İõʵڻʱǻź
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Ȼǣ
ֻ֮жʱżᶨ˵ĶԣܽΣԼȥŬԹģʲôͿʼǣѾȷ˽үû뷨֮ԼĲʲô˼ɳٳԥˣ
ã㣬һŬģ˫ֽա
Ա߲ԵȻ㲻ˣŬʲô
㣬㣬˵ʲôΪʲôҶأ
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ԭǿҪľݻ֮࣬ǵȴ˿ĺۼ
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˵ΪԴҲΪˡ
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ҲɬĿϹǰ磬Щǲʱ˵ģôǿܵģ
ǰϹ׷ֻʱ򣬱㾭ȥฮԺȻ֮ҲȽҲǽºȻһ۰ҲܿºȻֻܸһ
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˲Ľ֮ҹڳĴѰĺõطŮһϲľġ
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⾰ɫôÿһɻ
ԭڼϹʱЩ߾ִٵģǼȻ˻ÿʣϹûκεĲ֮ҲʼϹ˵
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773 ֻǴ

773 ֻǴ
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һζȥˣŲ۵СҲֻͤͤ׷ԼҪǵСӣҲԼϲãͷŻʱ񾲵ȻժԼǰʱҲ캦ߡ
ϹԼıãŤתĿ⣬һֵĸоֻȻʱûָо
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һԵֻϹһı鿴ĵĻһЦ
ʵ˵ֻڳȫºϹ˵ֻһ˴˿˴Ļᡣ
ϲ˵飬ǵһζ
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ϹҲ뷨
δֻԼӣԼֻãϲֻ׷ֻ
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£ֻ˵飬ϹɲԸš
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ֻǺģǾˣܺܿ͹۵Ŀз飬ֵܷϹĸ顣
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ϹǸܺõˣԸƣϲҲսսϲЩŵ飬ӡеϹľϲԸɵСұһ𣬲ŻйͬĻŲùµ
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ָֻŵϰںõĸ㣺ЩʲôʱܿģЩɾͲһˣЩǲרȥܽظģ˵ĻζܾЩۿˡ
ֻϳȻϵĲʧתЦӯӯĴֻнǽң
֪ϲЩȳԣȥ
á
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ֻĿȴɽĴ
˵棬ִǿһЩִ͵ͨΪʲôɽȻͬ򣬿ȴףΪʲôôĻࡣ
ͬʱиǣȻٻɽǲ˵ֲҲܺܺõĴ
硭Щҩҩģ
ֻ˽Ų˻ʼطǻϸļߣһԵĲȴǿļվ̲סǰֻǰС㡣
ţôˣֻòϵĽΪ£òԵֹס˶ЦŵĵȴŲ뿪ڡ
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үүԼɽİ
ôô˰æСɻˣ
޲ֻһΣУϹݣƾ˵һ÷ѡ⾩еĴҹҪԴϹϴˡ
ֻá

774 ϲ

774  ϲ
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ǴС㣬ⲻһĺûү
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ֻȴգգ۾ǡ΢紵ɽȣŵĻ㣬²̱ǣȹȹƮֻֻһĵʣҲȷŸ飬룬Щǲǿģ˳Ȼ֪𣿡
ƶǶūšūź˴С˼ˡ
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ʲôÿģһЩҲǿɰͰ͵ģϹ²ɵЩֺÿ
ǿֻ񾲵ŵʣҪΪֻĺͿأ
ֻаγĲҩһ㶼û⴦ɽȵˣʱֻһƬкܶϧҩģŵıǽʯ˥ϣѪȵЧũݾҲǱΪƷġ
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ЩǱһƬöˣ֪ʲôã
ãȻҡҡͷȴǺģƨƨߵĸֻҲһϸѧģ֪
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ֻСȡһЩȴ˼Ҳ´ȡҩ˾ЦӯӯĿڣθȣһζҩ
ͫ΢ţС㣬
ô໨ݲϳҩģһ׼ȷ˵ҩĵ;ֻǶҩģӦҲ١
ฮǧʲôʱѧҽ
ô֮ǰû˵ϹӺҲǱڹأ
ֻϸ޳ָ˴ߣ˸ı飺ԶһЩҲ֮ˣˣ
ֻ룬Ը˽⣬춾ȴǺõģеǰ˶ֻʱǲһֱƴǼٰϹǰ˵ԼĺûΰԼΧ
Ȼֻ˵֮󣬲ϵıͻȻСΣģѾҴȥġ
ֻݸһЦɲǼһƬʧɫ
ūŰһ𣿡
ӣֻߣС֣ҪժʲôūţūŴ͡
á
ֻЦŵͷ߸ְִ棬ҲĪĺг
ϹŲһʻˣʾԵһԼȴǵһϢҩݵֻǰæʲôأ
ҪҪȥֽ𰣿
˵䣬ѾϹǰȥȡֽ˵ǰϹǵϲֽ𰣬һһϵĹ㣬ϧֽȴ֪ȥˣ˸㡭
ϲ𣿡
ֽ͵ֻǰɫޣҹǼι̣óϹ˼ģֽȻͬһʱģǼص֮Ҳֽܿ𰲢ûʲôͬ෴һķġ
ֻЩζЦЦֽϹнӹүĺܺÿ
ϲҲһҪ͸ү
Ŷ
ֻҲ͸ԼϹüȻǺܾȸ˵ģ⻹ֻһԼЩȸԾ
ֻ΢΢һĨȣٵĿ⿴££ȥ׼õĶóү
ԵȽ㡣
ڵϢֻĻ֮ȹСŵĻصϣվԭصֻȴЦӯӯĿڣү˵ҲˣڳʱҲ׼ˣͬһֽ𰡣
ϹڴԽԽǰǸɬһ㣺𣬻Ҳ׼ֽ𰣿
ԣҲǸϲɣϣүϲֻŵ̾ϹȴֻŸˣûƼֻĿ仯
ǱѾȡֽ𰣬˵ǰ
ϹϵЦһȥüĽĿеֽ𰡣

775 㰮ĺͰģѡ˭

775 㰮ĺͰģѡ˭
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ǰֻ˵Ҫȥֽ𰣬ֽǧƪһɣʧɫΪֻĻģϹֽʦּ̣ΪϸĺģͶ˲ٵѪģһ͸ֻ
ֽģԧģԧ״ѶȺܸߣϹֱ޴Ҳһ˳ȥ
ļ䱻򿪣ֽ龰Ŀ
Ϲһʱ֮Щ˵ѹֻ֣ҲɻֻҪʵҲԼģǰֽţֻԼǰǡ
µ֡
Ϲ֣ȻԽԽֻˣֻôģϲã뷨
ཻߣúܽʱı仯ԽԽԶûطĻᡣ
½ֽݵϹǰЩڴ硣
ϹζӵĽֽӹ΢΢ţɫӵĿֻɫҫ²ô壬ֻԼԼ
ϵŮϴЦ⣬Ŀ峺˵ĻȴǼ棺үɻǵֽ𰣿
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ֽү֮͸ҵģҵУȴɵֽͨ𰣬滹Щүүˣ˾ӦȥӦ顣
ԣұǾڶŮ鳤˫պսȥһЩŮ⣬ԡ
ֻһͣȴƶԣҲںֻǵʱһģ֪ʲôطˣҲֽܿԭɫѾڣһЩط˵ĺۼ
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ǲʱκĲǱĲִУЩϵļĺء
ĲҪҩҽ
ζҩֻֻ͵ϹǰЧϾ
ѾϹͷϻ֮ȥĲ
ǲ룬ȴҵ˱Ҷֽ𰣬СĽɾȻϸСĵıţһżȻĻᱻҿģҲҪһӶ֪˼ˡ
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ֻȴǵЦŵµ֣ʾҪġ
үһ׷꣬ȴϧ㣬ˣһڱĬĬػ㣬ĽˣûдΪһֺ΢ĸоڸУû˭˭ֻ˭ֵֵá
үҲֵֵ֪㰮Һܿ϶ǣǲֵ˸ģĿ飬˵ֻԼ
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Դһ⡣
үѡİ£үǻѡүģǰүأֻЦţϹ׳⡣
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ڻȴŽȻͬĿ
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ٰԷǳٳٲܸԼӦǱȻͲϲΪʲôպϲأҪȷϲǸжǽ͡
໥ϲߵĳãʲôѣమ˶ụ֣һɹѹأǸϲһζĸ˼
ǲԽ͵һ飬໥໥ֵģһ߶װͬɳӵƽ˴˵һſԳþãһ渶ĸ࣬綼ƽбװɳȫʧһ졣
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ʵүʱ˾ִ̫ˣʧܶõ飬Իͷܷ֣ʵܶõԼһתֻܿǿԸԸȥͷӵˡ
ϹеֽҫɫĵطϸĿűᷢﶼǾС޲ģֻЦɫ̫ڸǡ
ϹͻȻúܴۣҲ壬תƼŰƴСϣûʧı飬Щʶ
ԼҲվֻСȥһһٶǵĶԶԼ
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δʻԶſһ·ֻڵ׷˹
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İæҲֻѸŻųĶ鲻Ѿϡ
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Ϊ˱ʾлȥԷô
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ֻ̲סզ࣬ΪҽҲкôģϾͺܹ㣬ȹҪֱ棬Ҳǰæµһ
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ֻʵ̹Ȼ㲻ʲôز©ģֻǼҵ䣬¶ҪԼŲѧһЩƤëû뵽ոóˣ
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ŶôĽԼĴǸˣɲǼ򵥵Ƥë־ܽ͵ĹȥģѾĪ˰ɣ
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赶һĴ΢΢ţüӥĿ񣺡ǰ׵һ
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ʱƴǼѾΪԼͳݵĶ󣬷·ֻҪƴڵĵطʲôѶɵı⣬ûʲôȥѹء
ϵģƴϹֻǷĸ֮󣬾Ȼüš¶صı顣
һֱƴʼճʾˡ
һߵɳУ۶յսüΪѣʵ֡ȻҲ˳˼

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ԴǺŽ׵ģǻʺĵӣ⻷ҪʲôֻԼһۣ˱ֺõ͵ԼǰҪԼȥ֣ϹѾϰµһֱĻӣδϣ̳лλˡ
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ЩȷǿģϧڣԼȥ
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ȻȻڴ£ֻݸЦأ
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һݵӰҲҩ̵ĴţɵŶӵȺĲΣȱѾҩôɨɾȴŽӵĵ
ֻڵϴű־ԵЦ⣬ĴȤ˵Ҳ֣Ǹˣȴù뱾жҪѡ˸ôã
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Ҳԣ
ֻ˼ĵͷǸǹһĨЦңҲˮ׼ģ㲻Ҳῼ
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˵᲻ȥμӿƿǸδ֪Ǹͷͽڰˡ
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ӴԽ֮󣬳˸տʼʱҪӦȺݺݺ֮⣬ֻеʱ䶼оƴ϶صҽηѾ˾ųɵİա
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ӴԽ֮󣬳˸տʼʱҪӦȺݺݺ֮⣬ֻеʱ䶼оƴ϶صҽηѾ˾ųɵİա
ƴǵĶѪҺеģִܺý⣬ֻҪ˸ɾʵѪҺͿˣڹŴ˵ϣԼҩĶԴֻȴҲʵ˸ƴѪġ
ѪҪ
ȫѪҪֳɼΣÿλһЩ
Ǵ򣬲عܲܰҰȥѰҺʵѪԵܴ֪򵥵ģҲѵİ취֮£ֻֻܽҩⶾ֮ϡ
Һҩ䣬治ֻӦоеҩȥ껹һƷʼŵҩָҩģıֵЧҪúܶ࣬Ҳȫܶ࣬лȥо
ֻҪƴǸᣬȷеȡһЩѪ飬ܽʣµһɱʮɵİա
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βһ㵹ǿԽˣ֮ĸأ
һƴûаӴϻҪװİʶ֪ƴǵĴڣ˶ָ֮ôƴమ
ֱܲӸιѾǰ߹һˣⱲӱҪҡ
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ƴĽ䱸ģԼҽֻͻʱıƴǰ
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㿴㣬ô˵ǰ޿ʲôӣ
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Ȼŵ󷱻ľǣССҲھӵģ˭ʶ˭νҳ󲻿ҪǱ˴˳ȥԺҲûضˣ
Ȼȥ
ϧôȰ˵Ǹ˳ٳٲվƺʹһ㣬ڵãȥ
ȥǸĸ׺ͽ𣡡
Ǵ˵ܽһ˵ͷ𣿡
ǼҵãĸҹҸػ˵ЦǸµĸȴ
˵ʹ飬Ǹ˱Թ֮ȻʱҶǼԹȴҪݳţҲˣ
Ҳˣ
ýҽ㲻Ҳ
ҽˣҸɣ
ҪҲԸãⲻǳҵϣһҪҵǸƺҵ˾һ㣬ǸȵŽӣ˵ҽҽ߳һͨʿġ
֮ǰǷ޶пԣһֱΪҽΣǷ˶ʹ飬ǸȴֻǽҪһ˵ϣҪ
Ů˵Ҫ֮ڰ·ϱƣ
Ȼ·Ҳ˼ʲôˣҽһҲףˣ
ҽˣ˰Ұɣ
ֻ޸пǸ˴ӵϷȱżлú˵ҪģһᾡĽǷ޶ƵģûеҪ޵ĳ̶ȣ
Ȼ˵Ŵͬ檵ģǸǽѪҪ飬޶ƤӭȢС檽ţҪӲŰݣǱϾǸ˼Ҳģͨİһ׾ѣһ
̫̫ȴҪӵģ֮¾ֻһ·ѡˡ
Ҳı֮
ǰĲˣһĿ裬ֻͻȻ⡣
Ǳģһһһǰ飬˭ϣ˭в֢Ҳǿҽεģ̫ǡ
ǲֻĻģϾһˣҪǷ治УԺô̧ͷˡ

793 ҡ

793 ҡ
ɲǸȴǺ˽˵˼ģû˿ھܾѾƿʱö˲뿴βûжӽ𣿡
ǸǿƵĸ׻׷Ź𣿡
ϣˣȢʮ˷ϱһûкӣ
ܲ˵ĽŵĿ⣬Ǹˮ˫ԼصֻվҧĵĵͷãξΣ
ҽ͡鷳ˣ
Ȿҵķ֮£ÿֻЦֽλ뵽ԺеĿ裺裬ǰԺĲȰæչţֻʣһЩҪҩҩĲˣǲ֢Ĳˣλκ֮
ţȥɣ
˵ͷЩѾϤҩ̵Ӫҩ̵ƹ񣬶Դ㲻⡣
ֻǴŲ˷򸾶˵ã԰˵֮󣬱㿪ʼŮǽŵʱֻѾźۼĴǶ˵֪
Ů˵ȫû⣬ǡˡʱ̡̫
ÿֻͬǲݲ£ټ˵ʲǺܺãҲܵͣС
ʵкܶʱ򣬷֮ûкӣһŮ⣬ֻǹٹ̵ŮǻʶľãӣŮûã˶Ǻõģٻϱͺã
ֻԴ˺Ǳʱ
Ը˵⣬ֻƹܼ򵥣Ҳо飬ΪЧ棬Ҫװɷµģšü˸֮ʾǰȴһ仰˵
ȻԷڿֻϵı֮󣬲ɵҲɤУŵҽô
⵽ǳ˭ϣǲĲ˺۾ע棺ǻк𣿡
ȿȡ
ֻ˼οżˣȱ𼱣Ƿ˵飬Ҫ˵嶼ĺҲὡ׳ಡһ֮Ҷ嶼Ѿ˴ŵ˽⡣
ֻǸ˵ΪԭһЩ嵼庮Щģⲻ󣬺һЩ̲ҩıܵ
Ǹ˳ϻ̳Ͽֻ֣Ŀתһ˵ϣ㣬ϵҪӸصģ
庮ֻ˵еЩѣĸԴϣңǷ޶ͬһΣһζã
ɫǺ죬½ǸеģǸôһģ˳ʱ򣬻ǻݡ
伲ҽ
Ǻܶ˵ͨ
˳˵ʲ֢ͬҲͬΪٹ̵ı˼ڣһЩصĵط֮Щ˻Ǹ裬󲿷˶뾡취ȥ̹࣬󷽵ȥҽѰȷĽ취۵壬˲顣
ϵԺܲкȻˣǾǿ㲻˵Ҳԣ޹أҲֱӸ㣬Ƿ޶˳ٳûкӣǳϵģȢ˻ؼңҲ
ֻƳŴǰԺæ裬̧˵ţвҪȥΣⲻʲôݵ飬֮飬෴ΪνĸֽڶβƵʱ䣬޴Ϊ
ӺɷӦأԥԥ˼˼ǸϣκõĲ֢ӲıϵĲȬҪ˹ּ
ֻҪһЩӵģô꣬˽Щ˵̬һлҪӣҪʲôãҪ
ͷһҪβֻںˡ
ƴǣĪķꡣ
Сĵȷһ£ֻǸͨҽֻβˣҲ֪ƴǵǳʲôǣȷأܱ֪Ļ˴Ļǵȥݺ׷ɱ
ǣԼֻǸףͨĲͨĴѣѲܺɣ
ƴǵĽǶϣӸͲ֪˭
վֻĽǶϣЩܸУֻθһϲǸѣ
ǱֻͻȻ̬ȸŵˣΪ˵ЩʵǴеʹαгڿҲòҧǡǷһͬһΣÿζǡǲݲ£
Ȼ
һͬһΣÿζݲ£
ǲˣ

794 Ҳûʲôϵ

794  Ҳûʲôϵ
ҪǸǲĳ˹ˣҪôͷϳԭˣ
ֻȻϵıҲǻࣺõģˣǶ˵ҩȱ𼱣ҵķȥ̨ǰץҩķõ⣬ͬĴˮǰ󣬱֤ǲʱܳɹС
£ֻ㲻ŲæֽʣǶԷֻĻ֮󣬸ɢŹ
Ůһ㶼ھǰģִѧǿ֮Դ߸еļʡ
ֻҪʱܳɹС
⸾ҲˣĨ۽ǵۣϲĿֻҲæԼӵ֣סֻллҽлҽ
ҷ޶һᰴʱҩܱ˴Сӣһһʱҽĵǰ̣
صлǶĴԸ֮ллҲ١ֻǵȻרҵпƣκõĸڻ£߸һЩ˵Ҫˡ
ֻ޵Ƴ裬ֲźۼ˻
Ǹͬɷϲ뿪ߵʱ򻹲Լˣ˰ɣҽ˵ûжӲ֢ǳϣȥʱﻹôΪң
úúã˵Ķԣұû˵ʲôһУҲ֪
λ˵ԽԽԶֻ˿ЦӯӯĿŻ裬ɵôæ𣿡
ûʣ¶ٲˣ֮ǰѾιˣұ㣬˵ʵҲǺ棬Ľӽҽβ˵ʱһˬӢˡ󵨵ĳԼѾֻβĹ̿У˵Щ
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ҡýӵĻĪŵļʶ֮Ĳ֢̫˰ɣԽӲŻ־
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ҪҪҲ˳һ£вβûǿأֻζЦЦɱŶҵĿרģֻǺûôಡ˸ڳԼϵҲûôಡңȥҽαĲ֢
ˣֻദһʱ䣬ֻȻ˲٣һЩͨĲ֢⻹ͷһΣǰȥҽĲ֢ϧܸ迴Щִҽߣ򣬱չֳĽġ
ֻֻǿЦ边ȻֻĻ֮˼ĵͷá
á
Ȼ˵ã
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ֻеĿϲܵѹԼеϲã±迴ߣһСıڲҾˣֻ˫ֽһ𣬸迴ĽǶȴָƽ˳Ļʵã
ļٵģҪҰ㿴
ϱ֣ࣺģڡ
ǡҪʱһ㣡
˵ļ棬ڵĿ俴ףֻĲɵ©һģ˵ģǾһġھôõ׼ֻ֮ͿҪȻɥʧ־ʱ边Ȼ˵һ䡭ã
ֻĪӿͷȴҪЦŵ
Уƾ˵Ľ飬ʲôʱҪֻҪңҾڣֻüĽһ˲ͬ˵һ֣صĻ
򴽵Цŵͷˣδü˵ҽ֮ǲܼæˡ
ֻڷֽһ٣¶ӲЦݣôˣ
Ѳҩ̫æµˣҪҸĵط𣿡
ҡҡͷҲǣֻҵݣҪȥžˣңҲãǸûǰͬкеƹ֮ǰҪˡ
ֻɵԭҵݣžҲãϾһ˹棬ļҲǻᵣǵġ
пձ㳣ҡ
һ˵ûʲôô궼ϰˣӦĹġ
Ǿͺã˵ͷüͷ£Ŀȴ˿˿ǳģȻлᣬ㡣
áֻ˵ͷֻ˵һ֮ûٶ˵
һ㲻˵ˣֱ̹ţҲĬԣֻи̲סʧ䣬ЩӣѾϰҩаæǰһᲡ˿βϾʱһȥȾţò
ֻԽֵ֮ӡ
边Ȼ˵Ҫˣֻ֪ǳ飬Ļǲɵ÷ɬֵʱǸҴңڲãҲ޷

795 ףҸ

795  ףҸ
ֱɽϼ죬Ĩģ֥ӰЦŵĳԼǰʱֻˡ
š
ˡ
Цⲻģǳǰ񣺡ʱллչˣһʱҺܿģһһӶǵõġ
ͮͮĳϼߣļϣΪ㿡ƽ˼صɴֻૣĿЦҲǣһǶʱҺܿģҡҲһӶǵõģ
ֻ֣ȭͷǰѧֻģ˵ȭͷڰײԴңձ㲻ˡ
ǶصĴкķʽȾƳʱѧģֻԱ߰ôƣ˵ҪԺҲ㣬ϾǸεյġֵܡ
ʱ򡭡ֻΪԼһͶˣᶮԼϲãԼһ𣬲롭мǹŵòʼȺһҸٹ̣
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ֻתȥ裬ٿЩˮѵˡ
ҲֻݵӰƬ̣ת֮ʣǱ΢ȫȻһͬʣۣ٣еȴӥ·е¶Ȼ½ϡ
ƫʡ
аڳгֿȣϸعõ޵ƫҲ޵
ƴһīɫɫ߽ںľϣ޳ָŲ֦໨ɲ豭ƷŲ裬һ˫ڵͫĿ
һԵϹȴǵǵĵƴǣ˵ĻǾȣʦ𣿡
ҪҪ
Ȼ빬̫ҽأ
ϹͬصʹƴǱ˵ԼŵʱҪתȥһ˾¿ҩ̣ö˶˵ȥҩ̣ĪƴˣҪȥ
ϹԴɳǻһ˼ǷֻϵģǺˣ˼ҲµϣȫȻûע⵽¿Ǽҩ̵ϰ˭ںãҵҽǲ繬澫ϸѡҽ̫߳ҽƴˣֱڻʹҽΣݲýԼأڴϷּɡ
Ϲ֮ǰǰܵʱ˵Ļܶԣȷʺ϶թĳãӦʺͬమЯκۣʫʡ
ƴǵһĴ΢ĵĽ͵ֻǺǼҩ̵ϰЩ飬Ҫȥǡ
ԭǾͺáϹһ·ƴﲻֻıߵľʦһ㣬ƴǣҲԼ˭Ҳ벻˭ƴûϹǺܸ˵ġ
Ǻãճʱ򣬾ʦͬһȥฮһ£֮;ʦȥҩ̣£ϹЩ˼ȥƴǵԼΪ˻ȥɳܶģǻ֮ȴֻο¶ЩøС
ܻñ˾Ǽ˼ǨɣϹȴڣ֮ǰһֱѹԼҪȥ׷ֻĽŲǻֻһδεĺʧڼ֣Ҳȫƾ־಻ġ
ڲһ
ºֻֽȻͬԸòǰڣȴǸв飬ԸͣԼʱ죬˵Ҳᣬ۳ʲôطµֻԼϹ㡣
ϹڳŶɫߣװԼòҲ˿ĲִĽĸоܺãҲϹᵽζ
ƴǽü΢΢šţϹı鿴Уͳڣˣ
áִֻѡˣ
ȻƴûֱʳڣϹȴ׵ģٿ̧ͷ֮䣬ĿֿĿƴǣţҾˣ
ò˵տʼ˻Щʱҵ𺳺ܴ󣬿ǼˣҲûҪ׷⼸ദ֮Ǹһȫµĸоָо˵ûдˣƽȴһ¾С
룬Ҵ֪ԼҪʲôˡ
ϹСĸţֻнɽͳҲûʲôذҪģиңиůļң»һӣӦùִǿŤĹϲ
ŵµ֮ұͻ̹ףҲֿףȥҵԼ氮Ҹģ
Ϲ°ͣĿ⾧ʼǸů꣬ɳǵûĥġ

796 ȥ

796 ȥ
ƴ˼ĿĿصϹЦŵĵͷãͨ˾ͺá
ǾʦȻȥˡõƴǵ׿ϵϹǿģͬƴǸ֮صԼ޵ҪҲӦôȥ棬ʲô
ƴǵ۹Ŀ˺׼ֱǸ廨ŵ뷨ŮӻģϹΪϵϧˣȴǸС̫࣬ǿСֻ̫࣬û׷ŮĻˡ
ϹߺһµǧȻƴǵЩģӣ
ˣ
ҪǸҽΣ
ʲô飬ƴһʱıԼ⣬ܽӵƣ
ţˣ͸һˣ
ƴͳдԣ֮ԺȴǻصŽ콭ӺǳǶԷ޵ĻΪСĽ֮⣬ȷЩ伲ҽģڵĶһղ⣬һԼ棬ܻԼʧ
ǲҪˣŻ᲻ս⿪
ڡ
ϻѪҪȥгţû
ǧĪƴϵĶһֱǵ飬ϵĶܽ⿪Ҳ㲻κˣ
Ȼƴǲ˵ȴ֪ڵĶӰԽԽ书ҲǴǰ࣡
ӣģ±ڻ԰ȫǧƴǵǰɫĹ֡
ƴǵһ㲻ٿڣ޳ָ֦ɱ·ŻԱ߻ľĲ輸ϣĿԶ
ǷĵطǾǡ
뿪ֻЩʧ䣬ҩҲûʲôֻĽ̹ţ˽й䣬Ծıߵ֮ǰȥĵطԺеһĻĻӿֻǼ΢ᡣ
ʧ֮ʱĶ¥ż䴦ȴһĿⷢĵŵϵĽӡ
ϹһɫĽۣʱվڴߣ͸οյĴ꣬üĽָȺֻıӰҹ㿴˭
ҹǰ˳ϹȥЩүǽӽҽ
ţ콭ҽһĲҹϹ㱨ŽӵԴǰͶ֪ӵĴ֮󣬱Ϊעֻϧ꽭ӵ̫ƮϹȥҽҲΪе߲޷
˾ǣϹҲòԵҽģŵһʷı꣬Ҳ֪ĵӣ˵Ӿǹг˵ʲôҲϹΣฮݷ㣡
˸Ϲôĳ裬ºϹһֱ˰жŽӡ
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ةฮ䱸ɭȥϹˣ
ݷ书ǿȻҹǶ֣ϹҲˣ
ӣǿɱɱ˰ɣ
֮ǰǶʱ䣬һֱٲ컹Ǽҩȥ˿˾ͲˣڶҲˣϹ֣ڽӵĸĸְбǵ޷þһЩͻᱻ֡
Ǵ޻ĸоϹֻԶŽӵһһǽ졭͵ĺûˣ

Ϲ£ϱЩŤķ̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣
ӣȻԼˣǾͲܹĺˣ
ԭϹ󣬲ȽӵģֻϹմฮǧĴ棬ĵطҪϹֻģȴһ춼ڵã˸ӣҲǸĽ
ҹȥ̽һڽӵû䣡ϹԸҲǳһǵһѧĴˣ
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ҹĹӰܿʧһ³֣
үյĽ߸ܲ䣬ֻһˣ
˵Ҳ֣ƽｭӵҩԱλִڣҹ书ȴҲܲԷģǽ콭ӵȴһ쳣ûУѲɡǸֲӵģҩˣ
ҹеĴ⣬ֱӺϹ˵
ǰһδɱݷʧܣϹةǰʧ˺ô棬ϹǱŭҵԼСϹߣһڵҹҷֻȷеĿ϶֮󣬲ŸͬϹ˵
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춼ҪǸȥˣϹЦи̲סҲβŻʲôãҸݷǸҰСǱΪʹɫ
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797 Ҫ

797 Ҫ
Ϲĵ˸ź⣺ȡĸɾ㣬˸ˣ
òҪٵϹһ磬ǽûкةฮմϹϵǻŽӣպܻôģ˭нӺģҪȥݷ㹴һأ
ȻҲûô˱ȽϺãҲᰭۡ
ߣھеСβʱֶǲģǻģǹȻɱ˽ӣӰϹڳеĵλ
Ϲֵ֮ˮΪСʧȻɱһҪĸɴ䡣
ҹоϹĺ⣬ɵûһ𣺡ףȥŽӣѰʵĻ֣
үһҪСģ
ϹѾܾöûָԼˣ⻹Ǵةฮбӳ֮ĵһΣۼϹ񶼽һλҹȥҹ˵ʲôҲҪɫɣһԼϹλã
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ҹӰٵȺ֮У¥Ϲȴãҹ뿪֮صλϣеҾһ
ڴڴŽǿ˵Ѫбǰһ̣ʣ޾ĻںޣںԼΪʲôҽΣںԼΪʲôҪݷ㹴һ
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ҹһ·ֻҸ˵ĵطֻ֣ĿĵڽߣϲĶȥ̯λǰפͣǼͬȥĵطȥһȦͼȥصԭĵطĸоϧ޼ա
ҹöδҵʵĻᣬۼɫԽԽҹһᣬȻȲ˵Ļᣬǵ찵ҲУ˵߱㿴ûô˽˽֮ѸʧǴҲ˵ʱѾʧˣ
ҹɫŨϦͲʱĥ£׹ɽɽһĨ͡
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ЩϴĹУҲǺݷѧһЩȭŹģټҩһСëСԲĶֻ֣Ÿû˵ıϽ棬ǰרҵɱ֣ͷһΡ
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֮ǰةฮʱϹѾŭֻϤóʱ۵׵ɱֻǰةฮݷڳûж֣¾Ȼˣ
һֱڶԼֻɿ˱ɱ⣿

ôصĽҪͷֻԺŵȴǵϹûзĴڣ
ҩеҩѾ˳ҲֻȻУҶͬʱֻҧѰһᣡ
ֻҪᣬˣһҩȥǶһͷţ̵£οˣ
书ôǿᱻָ
ҹĶͷ΢΢ϸҲŽ۶Žӡ

798 üʱ

798 üʱ
һɹֱɱΣԱߵİյע⣬ȡ˽ӵ񣬿ɲ뽭ӼȽƻ־裬Ƕ㿪ԼĹִǵܰǽע⵽ڵķ
Ⱥив˺˽ӵݡ
ǿǺǽҽ
ǰ
ǽҽ
ҽʲô飬Ȼǵĳ׷ɱ
˭֪أҽǸ˰ҪҪǰȥæ
۷׷ףԭɱӦöԽԶԽõģϾҪС̯˾ˣҪû˾ûˣǡǰɱȴһݣǶҽӡ
ҽʱ򣬱ǻһЩƾ٣𲡵ĲԲҩѣĲ֢˲ٰյκ͸жصǾס֮츣ǵİա
ܶ˶ܹӵĶݵġ
Ӳ򣬴ɫĿȥǰĲˣһͬʣݸ߹ݱǰֻ˲ҪչƵĲˣþǵİ۷𾴣ڳǺܶնܹӵĶݣѣп־度£ҲҪӲͷƤˣ
˿ɲûģ
Ҫ϶ҪҪûнҽ͵ҩĸ͵ȥˣ
ǰǰҪûнҽİæӺδĺӾҪѲˣ
ֵǣһ˶һｭҽ
ҽôõˣôģһĸͬڱŽҽ¡Ҫų켺ˣ
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ڼ׳ɿ£ҲߣѸٵǰǺ˸ΧסһҪӿܣҽ㣬ߣ
ֻع۸мĿЩǰˣлˣ
죬ҲŤת˿϶ܡ
ϧǰæĶ̷ͨũ򣬲ûʲô书ǺǴ˼ҪɱֱֻıЩǰæİգ±ƽֻ
µ񣬱Ǽϲòľ档
ýӾô׵ˣݾߣᱻϹ
ôС鶼ãԺҪʲôϹǰ㣡
ҹ۾Ŀ䣬û뵽ȴǶȻסŲɫŵıܿԼĳתߣ
ǡʱЩ˦İҲ׷˹ıסԼ塣
ҹüĽ˺ЩˣϹɱӣɲɱյģһ˵ҪԣˣҲˣƫƫЩջҪĳǰ
ֻĿһƼ޷֮ʱеܴȥ
⴩͸ƤҩҲѸע롣
ҹʹ˫ۣ𾪵ĿֻδӦӭһӰ㽫ֻĳǺ˹˹ȥ
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ǣ
ݷ㣡
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ݷɫһ˫һɱ⣬ɱ˵ǲƽȥԣǶҪ˺ֻģݷ̣ǻȥԼҲҪֻȫ
顪
˲ҹм
ԭǰæ˼״ŷ׷׵˿ֻǰʺ򣺡ҽû°ɣ
Σգǿ߰ɣˣ
ֻмĿǰİգлǰңǶҽӵĶˣմ˵ģԺ󲻹кʹҩ̽ǷĲȡ
ӦõģӦõģллҽ
лֻóһЩӵܷŵ̷УЩȥ׶ǳǮӵģܱǸΪҵԵʶܵʧ
ʵھǣһЩԹۼĵط־´ܵĳҲͷһμˣʹʹȴû⣬ܺ⳥ķʽͷһμȻõЩ֡
ֻȴһٵļ֣ЩӶ˵㲻ʲô£ɶͨϰ˵ȴǿܰһµӪЩϰյֻ֮Ǵߴ뿪ǿЩʰöؼҰɡ
ǡҽ𣿡
һȽҽ˲Ǻ˵Ķֿô죿
õңû£
ֻʵһƶҩע֮ҪһʱſԷЧģڽʾ֭ŸκͶԷݷ㾹Ȼôʱ
СڣֻҲûʲôµˣȻҲĴ˻˵⳥⡣
ãǽҽأ
Լõӷ׷뿪ֵҹҲܿİֻʣӰҹоֻżеݷһ󺰣С㣬ɱڣ

799 𣿣

799 𣿣
ֻһǳ⣬ۼһбݷ㼰ʱջ֣ת˹Ҫҹ
ҹҲǴ죬ʹࡣ
Ҳ֪ӴʲôҹֻԼǱеĵطľûһ֪ĸоӣò˶õĹϮȫǸʱ򣬱ǰ书˶ܽԼסˣ
У
һʧֱץ飬ҹԲٷڶΡ
ٱݷץסةฮүڣԼҲûĿˣ
ҹð亹ҧĳסݷĹֱ˲Ѫʣʶ˺ܶ࣬ͬʱȫŽͷСӴ˳ȥ
ݷһɫҪǰȥ׷ǺˣȴǱֻסˡ
С㡣
ֻšü૵ϾûץסǸˣȴҲ֪˭𣿡
ˣݷûнǸ˵ܻ񣬿ȴҲϳʵݣϹѡҹ
ةฮǽֵģݷ£ֻεֻ֪ҪԶԱܲ²⡣
ݷɫͲô׵ķŹϹҲ˵Ĳ񡣡
㣬Ժ㿪Źŵʱ򶼵Ұɣ㣡
ݷŵ˵ţиǶֻ޵ĵǣϹ˵һαеڶΣǴӸԴϽˣ򽭺ԶΣմڡ
ֻҡҡͷЦС㣬û£ǧΪҳ嶯ʲôԼ֪𣡡
ֻ֪ݷǹԼҿΪԼȥκε飬˵ʱݷѾɱ
ֻʱֹĻݷĻ嶯ȥϹ
ɱ˸һϹСʺһڱȴСºضݷзıͷ
òŬݷ㳹ּң׵ĳΪһƽˣǧΪ˲ܵˣ±׷ᣬݷǰǶβ£Ǿ̫òʧˣ
ܴ̼ǻἤڵܺģݷ֮ǰ̫ˣֻϣݷٻصǰǰʹȥ

ݷ㲻Ϊֻֿ˵һ顣
֮£ݷֻܴʣǡѵôϹ𣿡
˵ʲôʱΣ㣿
ֻü΢ܿ죬ٵ˫Ŀ˸ŽȻ
㿴ŽǳԿ𣿡
ȻֱӶϹ֣ǴӲ෽ѹǸ𣿡
ֻе̴žž죬ԼδЩСˣñ˵ʰϹò飡
ߣ
Ȼؼң
ֻкݷ㣬ٵةฮȥ
󣬼Ҿ¶ǣϹЩ΢ɫ΢죬ĿҲá
⼱ٵűһӰ룬ϹЦЦһҹɹ뽭ǰɴ۾ֵı飬Ϲʹ졣
ϧϹδüޣɫҰ׵ҹֱɫʹĵڵϡ
۵һϹľⶼ˲١
Ϲһ˫ĵĿ𾪵ĿŲʡµҹϸ˺Ѫ졣
ҹҹ

׳ʲô飿
ϹͣĻζҹ壬ҹûа֪һ㡣
ѵ
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Ϲϱ齥÷ŭŤݺݵҹϣ
ˣ
ϧҹȴ޷Ӧ֮£ϹֻصλϣĿŻ赹ŵҹóȻȥֲ֪ҹ׷ʲô飬ֻȡ
ҺҹȻԣƽȣȻûΣգӦʲôҩһЩĶ
ϹɫҲ֪˶ãڵϵҹ΢΢˶ãȻ˫֮䣬ƼϹŵɫ
ҹпһ󱳸Ǵ죬εϹǰү
¡
˵Ϲ䣺׳ʲô飿
𣿡
ҹʲôϹںĵģǽû⡣
ҹĿڣү¸
ӡ˾ˣ
ҹһᣬȫϹ˵࣬ǲȥϹʢŭ񣬽ͷļ͡

800 кã

800 кã
ʲô
Ȼҹ֮ϹٿشλŭĿҹ˾ˣ
ҹĲǰԽĺˣ
һССĴ򶼽ˣкã
ฮɱݷʧҲʧˣϹҲǸϲˣǽӲһĴ򣬲Ӧһо
ܸĻᱻ˾ߣ
ҹʲôã
Ʒ£ߵȴ˷ʲôʲôУȥЦ
ҹϹǰֻܲסģүˡҹܣʵǸ
ʵǸݷӰΡ
ҹҲǺܿպʹܣҲ֪ةʶǸӣ书ǿ˼ܣǶ֣Ĵ򲻹ݷ㣡
Ǹݷ֣ȻһŽӣŵҹʧܡ
Ҫ˵ùʱʲô鶼ܴ졣
ˣ
Ϲİ֣ȻλԺ㲻øڱˣҹ䶥棡
ϹӰ첽ĴţѸʧҹɫ֮УҹڵĿϹıӰүү
Ⱦʣϼ͸Ʋůڴϡ
ɫĹǽʻһ·ֱةฮ
ϹīɫĽۣɫɫһ˫īĿ⼤Ǹ̲סһĨЦ⣬ֻҪϾܼ£ϹͺĨһ𣬶һԵƴһ°ɫüӥĿţյĮǳڵò֮⣬ĺͳıߵľʦһ޶
ʦةฮһȥҿΡ
ϹڴƴǣɳʱϹѾƴǿԼ׽ˣ֮ǰִֻʱ򣬱̲סҪƴйֻ飬һ֮Ҳ̬
·ֻҪƴǵͷϿ֮ݸͻᱻףһ㡣
ƴɫȻĵͷ΢΢á
˵䣬ѾͣةฮĴ⣬ǧ𣺡үӣˣ
ʦ룡Ϲ֣òԵҪƴ³֮ȥ
ƴȴЦҡͷүȥɣڲݡ
ϹɵЦŵ˵ͷҲԡ
仹ϵű飬һĴƴǸں档
֮ǰΪµϹɲǰӭ£ϹǰֹܼҾִٲ٣к֮⣬ǾнϹԣƳϹԵƴǡ
Щˣڱ޷ӵҫۣƴǴͨƣɻ˵ע⡣
վһԵֹܼҲɵ̾Ҳ֪аǴʶλ꣬Ȼϲү֣ЩʤϹĸо
Ȼ
ϹҲƶˡ
أǻδ֦໨ɱһԵĻľСϣϹĿڣɫϵıԽ䣬ֹܼҳϻ̳ϿֵĹүĻСѾʰˣͿҪˡ
ϹģʱҲǳԣǽղͬƴڳϹϣƴǶ²õĿҲЩżģ͵͵Ƴƴ֮䣬ȴƴɫȻŲ裬ûвġ
Ϲ˿
Ȼֹܼһ²ã±ĴǴĨ糺졣
㲻þ£ʤСұ˸оǣһɫ⻨ȹƵ磬īĳűţһ顣
ϹɵĿƴǣȴƴǵӣֻƬ̹ƴǵһĴǻϹͷү۹ⲻ
±ǸֻѷɫһЩСұȴǺʺĵϹģһ𣬵ʧΪɲŮò
ƴǵĿޣµԽĺˣĿϹүǡ
µĿһ֥ƴϣֵĿϹǰûϹʶµأһͬةฮҪͬ
±ЩߵģиǿƴǣǽһնҪžнˡ
֪µĵǣϹˬʵЦҵľʦɳսУҺܴæղ˳·㵽ةฮˣʦҪ
ġµ˵ͷ
ϹȴȲĿڣ߰ɣȱѾ󶩺λãҲϲǡ
á¹ɵĸϹԣǵ

801 

801 
װηϺõãǰ˿װǶĴ뻱һɫɴڵڿռ伫󣬱ϹºƴһͬҲ˿ӵ޳¯еȼ̴㣬պڸסŮϵ֬
ֻͷһദһռ֮ڣǿռٴҲþִ٣ʱʱƳƴϡ
ƴǵûʲô仯Դ֮һֱ۾Сһ᲻ϲŮôϲŮϵ֬ζ²ŨױĨˣƴҲɾòӦ
ǵı˶ϹƴǵɣƴǶȻҪͬеģϹûвºƴǵ໥ȻֻСں̸
ҡҡλΣܿıֻͬҩ̡
ظ
ƴҲǻ۾ү
ȥɾʦһ㡣Ϲͬƴ΢΢ף֮˸
ǧǰǰƴԥſڣӣʵΪʲôֱȥҽҽأ
Ҳǧеɻ˵ƴǾԸߣԸ׵ű˵Ļôֱȥ뽭ҽξͺ˰ҽκãβҲʲôʧй¶ݡ
ǲ֪Ϊʲô浽˾ʱƴȴ׿ݣĿȥԽˡ
ƴšü֥ӰȺҲǸۣҺ磬ʱӵҩǰûжˣȻһ˵Ŀ⡣
Ϊʲôݣ
ǧʳ֮ƴǵü΢΢ԺлıǰʱͬӴǶʱ䡣
ӡȷǸܺõˣҲΪƴ׽ˣڽӽʱ򣬻Ϊ̽ӣƴǳǸСĽ֮⣬ҲǸ俴ظ֮ˣ׼˭ΪԼѣ׼ˣ̹Դ
ҪҽβҪôΣҪôԼʵݣ衭֮ǰദΪǱ˴˲Ϥûа취飬ڡ㲻ˣ
˼Ƭ̣ƴǵȻЦЦ޷ǽȥɡ
ҩİæһʱ֮ҲʵƹģֻЩæƴǺǧһͬǰ֮ʱֻҩģ˵ˣͷҲû̧˵ŵȵȣϾͺá
ƴȻĵͷߵһԣǧҲĸ
ҩھһЩҩĵζĪһĵĸȾһֱԴƴǣҲĪİģ˺һֻǽ½ҩķűã̧ͷ⧲ģ㿴ڳڵȴԼƴǺǧ
ԭš
ǣ
ƴھҪԼ𣡣
ǡĿ
һǷǽŵıϴŵ°ɫǺǰеƴһģһƴǡ
޷ƴǽ̫࣬ƴԸβǺõķչ
ֻ־ϲȴ̫ı仯±ƴǷ˶ߣǼķл¶ֻ˫ֲԾĽգһֻ֮ǿԼ߷ǧϡ
ѹƴǣǧҪúܶ࣬û˺¥ŮӵǶθ飬ǧҲǸƵ꣬Ǻһĸ˫ֵܣԸҲû̫Ĳ죬ֻԵı¸ӳ죬ֳơ
ֻ̧ͷǧʾƴ֮Цӯӯͬкҽּˡ
㵽ǲҽĳɿˡ
̳ǵʱǧΪ齭ӵҽ
ֻüǳЦŵĿǧԭ㰡
ôǲǾҵķãллҵģֻʾǧµ˵ίĿƴǣϴλΪӲȥġ
ƴ򴽣ЦŰ֣ӵԸϤģǽһǱЩĹϵҪǵģϲˣ顣
Žҽҽ߳شǰŰݷãҽ
֪ɷ񷽱µȥΪЩ֡ƴǱ΢΢ͳɳƵǸдԣᲡţ˶ƴǲ뱻̫Ƽݣ
ֻ˵ͷ˸ƣû⣬ɣ
֮ǰβʱҲкܶಡ˵Ĳأ˵˼֪ҪܣҲǴȥҵεġ
ƴǻǰӭ˽ӵǰֱۣͷҽˡ
ֻѹ׵˸Ŀ⣬ȻЦЦλˡ
β˱ǽӵıܣΡ

802 

802 
ֻʾƴ֣Ĳ˵ںδֻҪһ˽ƴǵȴһĶѪҺеģֱۿ岢ûʲô쳣ֻƵ΢쳣
ֻԾüġ
һԿŵǧֻıض仯һĿҪᵽɤһ㡣
ʶĴҽõģҲƴĶ޿κΣò׽ʢĽӳ֣ȺϣǧɲҲ˵޲Ļ
ô򣿡
ǧվ̲סǵĳڣΪʲôӵıôɻѵҪЩһ
ƴƳǧһۣҡҡͷ
ǧεĴǸԲ𡣡
ƴǸ˽㹻ȥϣʱҲһһĹȥŽӺǧĽţƴǵԵĺǴݲȣǶڽӵһΰɣܾǿҽκõģǲҽκãҲûʲô
ƴǺǧע֮£ֻķſ֣ɽüȴǲδչƴǵĶѪҺ֮УȻԼƵ࣬ڴʱƴϵĶûôأǰڳǰ㣬õҽΰ취ǻѪκޣֻҩŶ
ҩҪֻһЩ飬ڣֻѾ߰˰˵Ĵ㡣
𣿡
ƴǻڣǽΪѣǱ㲻ˡ

ֻҲû˵һǰĹгһذףǧԴĿֻٶһһ̾ͻ촦ˡ
ᣬֻǻҪһЩλҩ
ֻذ׷£ƴǵǰ
ҪһЩѪֻһһ˵֣أǳʵĽ岢ж
ЩѪҺ֮УҲ¶ۣҪһЩѪϸоһ£֢ܶҩ
ƴǵû취ֻܵĿڣƴǷһЩѪҩĽлˡ
ǧƴǵǰ¶ԥѪβְ취ǵһ˵ǽӵݹذף˭֪ûж
Ȼذװѡ
ǧԼЯŵĶذ͵ƴǵǰֻԵĵͷȡ뵽ƴǵԱߣҲУĵľԼذףֻǵذ֮󣬼ǵϴ
õҽеרҵģǧŵ𡭡ֻʵǲܹͬ
ǿƼĹŴʶãҲΪʲôԵһ㲡βĸԭ
˺ǻۣҽҲܲȴΪʱžԣܶʱ򲡻һС˿СëȴûʶϸڣҲûʶŷˣѾ˲䣬Ӷ
ذ׻ģѪδδУֻСĽЩѪЦŶƴǿڣҪһʱ䣬һ֮ʱǹ㿪ץҩ
ǧЩоȣ
ֻƶĵͷоȡ
оųɰգ
ʣµһɣܱ֮ʮˣ
ǧдϲ޲øƴϢνӻڳֻѹеļϵվƴǵߡ
ƴȻãǱ㾲򽭴ˡ
ȸˣ
͡
ֻеĸˣŵͬƴǵͷ
ȻƴǾҪǧ뿪֮ȴͻȻסŲü΢΢šţһַ˼ı鿴Žӡ
ôˣ
ֻпһƴıи˲õԤУÿƴɵʱ򣬶һı顣
Ĳãƴɣƴǲʲô쳣ʴɻ
ǧҲƴǵƴѯʣôӣʲôԾĵط𣿡
ƴĿģīһӺ񿴲׵̶һ㣬ֱֻҲͻȻɲ⣺ŽҽͬةฮЩĹϵġ
⧲һ仰ֻĪ
ֻ֪ƴΪʲôͻȻôһ䲻ű߼ʵĻʱֻѾˣżȻ֮¾ةฮүݷ㣬Ҳݷİæ֮²ھţʱةฮݷβ
⡭ôˣ
ЩϵġֻѹеĲޱةฮүŹϵʱ䶼һֱҽΡ
ԭˡ
ƴૣֻҲζĴǹһĨЦѹֽҽϵͶСһ㣬ԭϵõġ
´ˡ

803 ϳ

803  ϳ
ƴޱתԭصֻȴͷһ񾭡
ͶСһ㡭
֮ǰͬһʱֻȻҲǳةฮģɵʱݷҽεĽڣةฮС㣬ӸУǲ˿Ů̫ģҪ̸մȾŮϵ֬ˣ
֮ǰڵʱֻҲע⣬ҩ֮ǰûнӴ£ĽӴˣҲ˱ҩ۸ڸסˡ
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費ˣƴǵݣ⧲ģֻҲͽЩСԺˡ
û뵽
ƴǹȻƴǣһӱƳֻϵĶߡ
ֻһ㣬㹻ֻʱŬ֮еӡҲһ˲
ֻüĽ壬Ҫ׷ǰȥƴǱ⣺λĻʲô˼
Ǻ⣿
ϧƴȴߵþ仰ҲԸֻ͡
ֻȻվԭأ΢ĿƴǱӰнԶʲô˼˵ƴѾԼݣԼлκڵĶҲԼ
ҩ̴ţǧ첽ƴǵĺ棺ӣôˣ
ү𣿡
˵ƴڽȴҽεģȻϹȥȴʲôҲû˵㾶Ե˳ȥߵʱ˵Щʲô˼
ƴǵ˼ʵ̫Ѵ⡣
ƴǶסŲ΢΢šüĿǧ΢Щͳǵôãȴʼն鲻ݵĶ𣿡
ǧпһ羪κһ𾪣ƴѾЩ뿪ӰǧȻĻƴߵʱ˵ЩǺ˼
ҽϵةฮСϵһ㡣
ϵõġ
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ֵĶϵһǧԺҲ˲˲²⡣
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ǧĳҩ̤ǿƴǱѾ˾ĲҪֻҽεġ
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С㲢Ǵǰ㲻ĪҪԼȥ
ǧȥһƴǿڣΪƴΪǰֻãԲŲֻǣϵġ

804 ƴԼҲ֪

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Ǽҡԭ޵ǰҲǵһȣǵλڰ֮ûʸ񹩷𣬱ɷعˣҲҪԭλ棬ڼŮӵһˣ
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ŶҲѹ֣ةԭ磬ĲةǸҷ˰ˣǴСطȢģûʲô档
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ֻϲиЩִ߿Ƽĸ߲ˣĺͬʱֻķʼһҩģϵİҩҩĿԽѪҺеĶٲ˺־⿪
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Դϴαҹɱֻ֮ݷ˸⣬ݷְλıȥϹ˽µĺˡ
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ֻ˫ڷ˫ݷЦŵͷǽãȥ֮ʱұһֱڵôЩԼڳѹ˲ٵĺô鱦㲻޳к˽檡

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үпͯġ뽫ݷҪѡǸУҫƵݷǰ˻Ρ
ݷȴǺôϲˣֻֻϲҪ˳ģǿǰƵĲ룬ݷȴǣ̫࣬Ϲ˲˵Ǹ̫࣡ÿζֻ׽̫࣬ݷǷˡ
ⲻ֪ݷԽܣȤԽŨݷҲգǽ͵ݷǰ˾͵͸үģô
ݷתȥ룬ץҩػֻˣɲȴǹƤҩһ㣬ĸݷੲݣүҲǻฮ·
Ҫȥģ
˵үĶҪ򣿡
˿ûдȤǼĺģү˴ǰģ𣿡
һ㶼벻𣿡
Դϱǹɿɰ˵ôô鰡ȻҲ벻ǰأ
ǱʵķˣݷĴӿ³֣롣
Ϊʲô
һ˫ڵʣѵͶԼĴǰ𣿡
һǸʮĴ󻵵ֻǼ檣ŮȺأĸĸڼȥأ
ݷסŲϱζ
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үҪǲشǱ㲻شˣ
ƤͷԼǽζĳˣѹݷϲ˵ζȷãԿܡ
˵ģүЦʱÿһЩڿģ˲ġ仰뵹ǷĵģݷЦʱȻòϿźͨ˫һȴĿᣬֻĵʱֻǶֻġ
ݷ㲢ûлشֻ΢΢üȴͻȻֱһС̯עۣү쿴Сÿɰ
Ҫݷһȥϧͷ֮ݷ㾹Ȼ֪ˡ
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Ȼ˵һôҲ˰
죬ϱ鲻ãȴϱֱֻͨѩ׵СЦˣҲ㽫ݷԺˡ
ǱݷŲע˹ȥæṦ뿪ʲôʱû֣ݷԸþɲȴԸõƤ˴һǻҪĲгˡ
»صֻҩ̣ݷ㾶ߵֻķǰûдŵֻǽԼõſڣȥǰԺŴܼһȷûʲôΣգֻĸѰһ䷿ס
ݷڴϣڵһȻϲ룬ǲ׷ʵЩȴǲԾݷԺлصĲ֪ǰ
һ澵ӣӳǰԼ
ݷڼȴãȻδ֪ģеʱҲҪȥѰԼļ䣬ϧȴͷЩ¡
²Ļ棬ǰǸʮˣܶ໵¡
ԼļѾС㲻ֻܴ߶Ҫȥһ˸еָ𣬻߸׼ȷ˵Ǻʧȥֻ
⼸ദݷֻĪ·ֻҪֻߣԼ㲻ǳһ㣬ҵҲ԰ʲôҲ˵ʲôҲôĴţݷĪģʲôȥ롣
Щָ̰о
ڵֻݷڴϵշתֻ࣬һڶƴѪҺо֮Уһķʳ֮£ѡ˼ҩĿԽ⿪ƴѪҺеĶȴ˺ѪҺĹ죡
ֻдϲź֪ĸܵԼĶѾĿ顣
ѾһˮδԹˡ
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һεҩҩҪ֮ǰһԴһЩģƴѪҺЩЧãɲ룬û֮ǰЧѪҺеĶظŨ
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ֻͻȻеǰһʱƴʧȥ书ģǸʱܾȣΪ书ǿƴǾȻ书ʧҲΪҪڵĹƳ棬⵽˷ɰɣ
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յĸϹСɣƳ˶ʮöҩ裬ССҩõĶЧҩģʮſһλɽѩÿһöҩЧά£ЩҩȻֱƳ棬ȴڵĹƳ˯йƵ˺һ㣬ʱڲš
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ǰֶ߱λҲٴα𣬵뵽ǰ̫ӵˣ޲ϧ
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ңֻ׼ˣʱֺ룬ƾϹԼȥӦһӦģֻǺϹһݵƴȥԣ˵ƴǺ̫ϪҲŲĳ޵ģҪϼŵģԽңҲֻĻᣡ
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ֻʱ˻صջصฮеةࣺǳʲôֵ𣿡
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ةЩȵĿֻΪЩֻæβûᳯеأû뵽ֻȻҲǰϽʰʰ̫Ѿ˿ڻʹϢһϱҪϯǰӭ̫Ӽݵ
һϻƷԱδŮҪϡϻָҪȥ
ةĿЩ˵ʱлŲΣܾʲôõ飬Ϊˡ
ةൽڳдƴ˴뱲ӵˣЩʱǲҪ˵ŲԹɫܷĶߣ̫ӵãȴҪƷԱŮһ㣬ȻϣЩǵŮһ̫ӵθڵģĻ׹ϵʱڲҪ³ˣ
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Уڶ󳼼δ޵Ů֮Уةҵֻòǡ
Ȼֻ޹ˣѾǺ֮ˣ̫ϲ߳Ҳһ׮̸һŮȡ߹ؼʮ̫ƽҲֻмֵˣ
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ðɣȻ˵ˣҲ㲻Ȱ˵ˣֻͺãǷԣתҲУ
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䣬ƴҲ˷ʱ䣬а¸еɫƽۣɫߣڹ˵ָµٰǬ
̫˹صݣȻǽӷΪ¡أܲμϯˣ֮ء
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ܻƴǵֵ߳ͳȻУñúõĻ
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ĹǰڳĸλԴ۸ˣ
ƴ˹İеľƱƴ΢΢˹ƿǣ֪ʵô̷ֽ
̫ϪҲ֣ӵͬƴڻСŮӲһϲѧҪаС
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ȻУҲǶʱȵհ߽ɵϹǺ档
λ׵Ļϼ˳μձţɵÿЦԲȻĹΪģ͹УҲ㹫Ը
Ͼ˼ԭǿͣеҪеģҶڳǸСϪ̫ӵĻѾˣ
ڳϵǰҹлģ٣ǸϹӣϹȻܾĻã»
תתҲġ
Դʱ䣬Ϲڱ߾ȵ֮󣬻϶ҲʼһֱҪѡ乲ϧϹջ֮󣬱ܾ˻ϵĺ⣬ԷֻȢûϺͷۣȴ޿κΣȻڡ
ĹˣϹżĺģǲ˵˻Ǹ䣬ҪĻôΪ˹ңϹҲܾټʩѹֻȻҪˡ
ŻϵĻƴǵĴǲԾĹһĨȡ
ʣûκεֻǣȭŲۣСġ
ǽŪ˿ɾͲˣ
ƴŻϹ˹֣תֹ°Ϫϳβ
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ϹȻûǺʣͺһ㣬ںô޷Ȼԣͺǲ˹ģԾֳ֮
ͬʱֻиЩȻĲ²ûдѡʱةǵģԼĲ֪ôҵƴˣ
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ҩ豻ţֻɫµһĨ绪Цݣͷ
ƴǣ͵Űɣ
Сô㣡
ǱߣƴǴӦϪ̫ӵҪ󣬺ܿıȥ׼󲻾ãһϮվ̨롣
С㱻ϵıȻһһָ߹ĸоݽޣģüֹ֮°ʱһ㡣
ЩſǵҲ̲סĽϹȻ޸
һһ˵ֻǰ˵²Ҫ֮ˣ
ϧǵҲ֪֮ġ
ǿ̨ƣ֪ȻǣԲֻǵô򵥣ſĽϹͬʱҲڰԵҡ
Ͼ֮Ҳ˾ܵģҪ֮ԼҲҪǸ£
а£ɣ
ϪĿ˶ľȺ̾ϯƴǹ˵һֲ¶ģ
ƴһֻƱվ̨üĿмһĨӢɫľװϸԵӢˣмֽ
ƴ΢΢һЦһӰѾԾȻĵ̨롣
΢۾Ĵƴǣϵһɫ߱һĨڿƴǿĿдôһĨѰζʱеֶ˼֡
аˡ
˫ֱȭȻһȴѾƴǳ֣ĸͷСȴǼΪݣʽ֮ݣͼҪƴɫժ
Ȼаµ⣬սĳƺǳŮеȴϲǲϲƴĿ٬
٬д˲м
аڿԼ
ҧŴ˫֮ĽԽԽѸǿƣһߵƴȴʼ治ɫһԷΪֻÿҪϵɫߵʱƴǲŻַ
ܵ˼裡
ϹδҲ̫ˣ
ȫûнԼУϷŪԼ
ɫŭҲǸר˵߹
ǡһõĹӦ鰡
Ͷ˵ߺ溦ˣһܻ䶼ûУ
̨ŵĴĹ٣书ɼҲܸܵɱ⣬ɵñ󷢺ҲҺϹںλԣҪ˵Ļ͵ڵˣ
⵽ʲôʲôԹ
µ˿Ľţ̨ϵƴɫȴһû̫ĸı䣬±Ҳ治ɫ
̨µϪһ˫üۣʼаϣƺҪϲ׽ʲôϢһ㡣
Ȼ̨µҪ̨ϵ˸ӽš
εĽζƴǱƵ̨£ƴȴΪĶ̬Ѿŭĳ̶ȡ
һ̨µ̴ӣ̴̻һ𳤱ޡ
һѽסһӣ𳤱ޱҵĦһëȻ졣
µ˺ɣôһȥ̻Ƥ
׵ʵЩͲסˣȻλһֻͬʺϹȴǴǹЦǺ⿴ϹԱ񰤴

821 

821 
ҧһǻƴǣٴλеĳƴǹƴɫһĨ⣬ѸٵĲȴǻӶٶԽԽ죬˿ƴǴϢĻᡣ
̨µ˽ŵԼʿˮֻʺϹǸ˵ĿҪˣииϵĽţŪҲѪݺݵĴ
ѾһֻǲɵƴһѺǸ˺ֵģҲҿƴϹ磬ҪϹĻֱСҪˣ
̨һ߽أ̨ϸ
ƴǲãǲɵһĨЦݣٶȻų޹ƴλõʱƴȴһ෭ץס˴ıβ
ʿɶֹ𣿡ƴȻЦ˵仰ģڴǵȴʮֿ¡
ҧһ˫ǺҪƴеıӳϧǱѹһ̩ɽһ㣬ʹһƴǴǵЦԽļٷһʱͻȻ
ƴɿ֡
顭
ӦƴȻ֣ڹ屻˦˳ȥعʱѾײԶĴ
Ǵ԰ļɽô᾵ɽʯҪôһײǲҲҪˣ

ԭλ۴ϪȻλٶǫ̇̄ϣȻһ룬ƴǵӰҲ˴⡣
Ĺ¥ɽϪ̫Զ¾ôĿ֮ˤȥ㲻ƴǹʹȻҲٲ˱³ˣ
ͻȻıڳе˶ɵۣҲǽŵĴλȻЩ֮УȴһĴڵġ
ֻڵ˫˸⣬Ǹ¶һĨЦ⣬΢΢壬˵עƴǺϵʱֻһԺŵĹŮҪһˮŲӵĵƴλԱߡ
ֻʱδʢװ磬ǽԼǾɫµٿڸҴʱҹڣܺõ˸ڻǲϸ۲춢ŵģǾϲֻڡ
ֻһ׼̨֮ϵƴҲ
ԾһƬ㵣뵽ԼϹϷˣ¸һƬŭֱ㽫ƴϵɫ߸ժ
һʱĿ˼¡
˶Ŵ۾ĿǰĳĿֱӱƴȥ
ֻɫ߱ժµϹü亮ȻѿٿʷǷ̣Ӣϼ㣬ͬʱЩϸСİ̺Ҳҿ
Ƕͷָ˰̸˿ĴĿġ
˶ΪϹò˲ܿĵزԲմɫߣĿʾˣ벢ûôأ˶ͷϵİ̺Щ֮⣬ط˺۶ǳԱۻѹȥעⲻϵİֻ̺ۣѹ
ϪĿüͷҲ΢΢ɿĿЩȻ
Ǹʶˡ
ƴǿԭصаŴǣһұѤõڻڴһ㡣
˶סˡ
ϹеĴʲô
ȻЦŵģЦݣڴʱ˿̵ĳ£Եôֹˣֱֱð亹
ϹеɫţЦЦϹֻûһ㣬ܲڣֲ֪ʲôãֻƾʶ˲
һ̣ƴǵĶ˶һ
Ȼٿֵ䣬ֱӳ
ʱϵ·תһһɢ俪¶ϸ۰ļԼ
ϹյĵӣȻҵڵϷҳվһԵϪȷӦְɢȹƴǳ⣺ǹȻҳҳУ
ƴǵĹ˹ŽϪȻƽеıȴǺ֮ˡ
ȻԣѲ䲻𣿡
Ȼ䲻𣬺αػҪ̨ҪŮϹе°Ϫǳ˲ûԵóС
ڿ֮ϣƴǻû˭
һ׸ϪƴǴŵĮЦ⣬Ϫ⼸Ǵĵɢġ
㡭
а⻰Ҳ˼˵ڣ

822 û

822 û
ժаϵ߰ˣʲô˵ģȴ˹ڹҲڹȻ棡
ժ²ǱҿȻˣȴҲǼ˵ģϾŮӣϹôȻĽ⿪˹ݹڶʧˣǴ泯ģˣҲ裡
Ĺ֮ĶˮȣҪǴȥ飬պҲӳ
պĹ֮㣿
ϪĿ䡣
ƴȴЦŵĸűŪ½ǣͶ֮Դһ˵ƣ裿
Ϫ̫ǳ𣿡
˵̣ȴкݶһٶƱϪ̫ӿ֪ĵؾ֪һƷа
ѵƱȣȣ
棬Ҫ֮𣿡
ƴ䣬ڵһɺϮΪаԵŻϵָ𣬲˭ֻҪŹ
ƴǾ仰µ˵ϪֻȷвԵĵطɱϾֻŮңǿʤģõսүһˣȻʹ˱ӵķʽ㲻ÿɳ𣡡ϪŵֺȻƴϹ
ƴȴɵȻվԭأûһ˿ļҲûаֿ־ĺۼ
ˡ
֮ƴǻϪƷ磬ҷϪǰЦܵû£˭ǸҴĵߣǾͱֱ
Ϫ̫ҪˣĵؾҪ̫źã
Ϫ޺޵ĽԼ˫˻ͷһ˫˵ĿĵĶƴǵϣһһҧ˵ϣ
ƴǲȥϪҲȫȻϪ͵ϮĽȽϪıŭƴʼյȻǰʲôıʣʼ治ɫûʲôӰ쵽ݳϣϪ̫ӱѾƴˡ
ƴǾ˽ŵĿϪĿⶢ֮´ݲȵ»صԭλá
ʱվһԽŵĻǿڴԲǺǣһЩˣʢģҲѪյĺôޣˣȫȻûЩӢˣ
˻ϵ̨ףϪڲԸҲҪ˻뿪ˡ
Ϲ˵ĶԣϾĵؾȻĹǿģö˻˼ҵĹϣˣǶ˿ɾֱӳʣõǶҪıץʣǲܴ裬ɥ͸̧ͷˣ
ϪﻹǺܵģ
ֻʺݺݵĵƴǣֻÿϧǸϪ̫ӿǿƣΪԴѹϹģϾ⼸ʵţۼʺ¶ҪѹƲסˣû뵽Ϫ̫Ҳпã
Ϲǰֻܵķݶ
ϹбܸˣⶼûϹ࣬ǿϧˡ
ǣϹŭ֮ĿͻȻô㵣𾪵ĿϹվŵǸŮϣʱҹɫڣȻǬȼŵƻģǹŮЩϵòȴϹϤ
ܾúļģҪȡģȴôҲ벻
֣
ϹЩ
ʺһȴǺɸֵһϹ򴽵Ķߣʱ㻹ʲôϽİ
Ϫ̫ûϹҲãϹǵϪ̫ˣ˵ĵˣѣϹܰϪ̫ӽõĻôڻϵеķҲͬģʧ
ϹջԼ۹⣬Цݣֻʺ˵ͷ֮󣬱յϪ̫ӵǰʼֺá
ߵƴǣͬע⵽˽վԼԵǵӰ̰˼֣ƳǵӰץֵֻҲţǴ󷽵һĨЦ⣬˹֣а£ɣȻ
ɡ
ʲôɣ
ֻǹģҡ
ƴǿֻж˼ֻܾ̽ʲôһ㣬ԼҲǶ˼ζϾǼٽϹݳֵģȴƴǣ
ֻĽӴ֮࣬ǰǴϹ˵ģ֮ҲԸȻͬĽӣǡ

823 

823 
ǡֱƴǣֻϹһʱ򣬶Ȼڵ̬ȣңڴʱ˿̵ֻУ۹⿴ŵˣҲϹ
֪ԼϹģ
ƴǽüһ𣬶īһĿҲ䡣
Ծֳһѹƴǣֻûаֵľ£ƴǣƺ֪ƴе뷨ֻ޳ָǰɱ豭˫ַϹǰүò衣
ֻڣֵвۣƴȴĪЩ˳ڡ
ɲ豭ֻ޳˫ֳ¸ĺÿ̵ĲҶڲˮƮƴ岢δжĿ˼ƳֻƺڵȴֻĽ͡
Ȼһ۷ֱӵݣͬҪ֪ϹĲƺҲѡ
ˡ
Ƕʱҹദͬͬ棬Ա˴˵ͺϲ
ƴǼٰȻܺܿʶ˽ӵʵݣôͬģҪ֪ʵݣҲѡ
ֻƴǺϹһˣҲ˳¡
ѵú棬ĳүǰû뵽ıҸˡֻڵ˫Ŀ˵ȷʵʵȷ֪ƴǻ᲻ģϾеǰźܴĲͬģֻǱһԵ̬ȣû뵽Ŀƴˡ
ôѵҲø𣿡
ֻüеĲ豭û˿ǾŵʱˣҪ˵Ļˣܲñ˿õฮǧС㣬˹Ů͹õаɣ
ֻȤ
ƴ˺ܶ࣬ȻǱֻĽ˵ǡϳˣôֻ˷Σ
ƴǵ˫ַϵǲ豭֮ϣֽ˹ȴֻĿһĨΣԾģƴݵĴǹһĨЦݣĿǴżζֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ֮£ƴǽǽӹĲ豭˴ߣȴͣƬֻ֮ڴ֮¸ÿˡ
ж
ƴǿֻڴʧģֱԲ䣬óãȻõġ
ֻ΢ԭǼŵģڽӴƴЦЦ֮΢΢ЩŭҲź֪ķӦƴǸաڹⶺԼġ
ˣ
Լ˼ӽԼ̽ԼģȴฮǧݣǴŤܻ䣬Ѿҽˣȴεһʱ뿪
㲻ΪǰƴǺֻľףΪһҽߣҲǶȻֲ˳ֵģ
ҪΣӾƫҪκã
ο˻ǧ˿ƵĹ͸Թˣ
ƴǵʣֻصĵͷװأҧгݵĿƴǣǡ
ҾĵƵʮִҩȥ֮󣬲̱ң
ҽоֵĲˣûûκùأҪôǲˣ
ֻģֻСèƴǵĿۣģȴýСè뿪ƴü룬صüֲôнҽҽ߳ҽ׹ǣԭ˼
ƴ޳ָɲ豭ĻζĲҶٿֻģжյƺ;һɨһ㣬Ȼɣ󣬽ǲ豭еĲˮһ붼û롣
ֻûֱӳϣŸֵĽԼѣƴ˵ʲôܵģֻ˴󵨴󷽵˵ж
ƴ֪ˮһ㣬ǼһЩĶȴҲѡ¡
ֱֱĺˬԸǽӽҽ䣬ԼҲ㲻ҪŤԥˡ
˵ɣʲô
˵ʲôûֻͨĲҶƴ򲻻ŵġ
ֻѾ˼װɹŮԷһʲôߵģֵðű˷ֵķԶ֡
ƴǲµóֻĶȴ²Ų豭еӺ
ƴǼεĽĲˮһֻϵķŭʧһ˫ˮгһ϶ЦӯӯĿƴǣʵԣ
ǲǾࣿ
ƴ΢΢Щɻ󣬵ֻĻȥһ̣ȴ΢΢ŵĿֻȻǱԼ𾪵ˣ
ܾ֮ǰԼ쳣ڵĶ޷ѹƣԼ书ҲܵӰ죬
ԤԹҪ˶ƴǾͻ᳹书ʧ
ڡĵ֮棡
ûа㲻ʵף

824 Чʮ

824 Чʮ
ڵĶ⿪˻ô
ҩڷһˮ֮У
һɫȿƴǵϿЩ;ȣʵһֳɾֻͣݸЦЦüۼĿмֵ⡣
ǻˮеҩ˼켸ҹɵģȻûĸ޷ɱƴڵӹƣҪѹƣҪڵĹƳ˯ƴǣ練Ƶ飡
ŹƳһⱻѹ֮ʣµĶҲɽ⿪ˣνƳ桭
ֻҪƴһţҵĸƱܳ׸ˣ
ڵЩӣˮеҩֻʱѹƣᡣ
˵䣬ֻʣµҩװ˴ƿݵƴǵǰ岻ʵʱãмǲҪ̫ƵֻôЩˣһζҩʮܵһΣЩҩѾȫùˣҪҲ̫ȷˡ
ңҪ֪徿ʲôûҸǼ̸Ͼʵǲʺϡֻʵʵ˵̯̯֣Ŀɨҵֳ˶ӣֻͣ˵ľˣϳͲˡ
ĿѾˣʣµġƴǲٺԼȥˣҲΪԼݺ˼ˣ
ңҪ̸۵¹ػܣӦҸĵطúǡ
ȻֻȻ뿪ʱһֱ˵ǵĿͻȻ񾭱ȻĴλվ
Ϲϱ𾪣ˣ
֪ΪʲôϹߵǸСŮӰĪϤĸоˣ
ʲôŮֻ
ģ
ȻֳϰСŮϹ׽ѵϹоôã
ϹߣҪһԽţ
ϹֻıӴˣǰֻһʱֻȻҲϲԼģҲԼһ𣬿ȴû
ȻǷֻֿ֮תܶϹˣ
仹ϹϹˮݣִݣеŭˣ
ϹڵĳֻϹķֻʺҲȫȻˡ
Ҫʲôȥ
Ϫ̫ӽ̸أϹȴһֱĲɵģڸֱ뿪λϣ
òҵһλᣬϹϪ̫ȣϹģֻʺбһȴҶ̫Ϫ̫ûע⵽ģһˣǾǰʯͷԼĽŵˣ
ֻʺ޺޵ҧ
ϹȴǲžҪ뿪ֻ
һӰͻȻǰץסֻĸ첲ֻɫ΢סŲ֮Ϥ֮üĽҪϹ֡
κ˺ŮЩڵģֻ޷ѿֻɫϹҩʱȴͻȻһԵƴȻ
ʵܡ
ƴǱŭǹǽڷ޳ֱָӴϹ
ƺ̫ðɡ
ƴīϹϵҲڰ
ҩָ书ƴǣҪȴǰǿƣϹֵġһжˡ
Ϲֲ֣Ϲü֮Ҳչŭ⣬Ҫ˦Ϲֽߣǲ룬ϹԼϵȴʮھ
ѲʹǴ󴫱ȫ˫ȷϹѾþȫɲϹĶ֡
ϵʹϹ˫ɺ죬ǺѪ˿
ǷűϹƴǵȴƵᣬı鲨ǵһݴǣ΢΢һĨȡ
Цǳ
֡
ϹҧǴмôһ仰ģʱ޿̲ڳϹǸΪ˻ӭ̫Ӻ͹ٰᣬҪﵱںҶ֣ñ˿Ц
ӣɲֻԼһ˶ˣʲģ
ƽҲãҲգϵһֱģֻҪ˴Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣű̫ڳģǶˣ
һԹۣ
ϹΪԼĻвϹϹǯҲڻſ롭һ˲Ĺ򣬱ٶϮһҪ֮ǰأ
ϹһҽУͷǴ죬ҺЩ֣˶æ໥ӭϣûϹһΧ۵ģ
ˣ
Ϲա
ƴȴûܰӰ죬Ƶᡣ
ʵܣ֪һֱǸʶȤˣʲôʲôȱȷһҪƻ˿һǢĳ𣿡

825 ƴǵİ

825  ƴǵİ
Ϲ쿪ԼΪܺõҪЮƴǵпȴǲֵһġ
ҡҪвҲҪвʱ
սү˺ͣ˿ûоӹ԰һس㽫±ȫϵУûϵʥġ
Ϲأ
һŻʺɢүˣûʲôΪӼ߰ߣƴǿԺɵг֤ϣҪ
ʱˣϹȻ಻֪ԼǼＸԼǰ
ƴǼЦŵĿžȵϹĿĬȻѾ룬ٺûаĹϵԺ󣬱ٿԵ޹ʵľҪֱ㲻
ƴȻЦŵģЦȴϹԵֻҲǲƴȻѹͺοϹˣ
Ȼ⿪ϹĽŲЩģϵһ˫Ƕƴǵĳޡ
Ϲ㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
ΪƷڱͻẦ㣡
Ϲݺݵ˵
ǣٲԸҲǲòϴʱ˿̵ϹǱȲϵģ书սϹıȽ֮Եôֵһᡣ
ɳǣ
Ҫ汾µɳǣ
ص˾ǣص˳ãȴһȻͬأ
սֻһ֣Ҫģ̸ڵļҪǿΪ֧ŵģ
ϹҲǹ¼ҹˣ
Ϲȴͬ
׿ʺһôȨϹɳǾһʱϹڳ֮Ҳ˲ٵȨ˲ٵ׼
׼˺ϹҲǲϹģ
˾Ͷһǳ飡
£
ƴǺʲô˵Цһ㣬Цˣ𣿡
ΪʲôҪ㿪
ΪʲôҪƴôԶ
ΪʲôҪвֱӾͶ֣ǸĻ᲻
ɷ
ϹϾд˺£ǺµĲУȴҪǿװһµӡ
ƴѾϹЩС˼ڵƴǵǰǸСһ㣬һвĳ̶ȶûУֻƴǾúЦ
ϹҪԼ˺ƴҲаֵļɵȷڳеĵλּҼҴҵ󣬿ƺһ㣬ǾǡϹһԶԭµ飡
ͨѹ
ֻһ㣬ּΰҵĴ壬Ҳֻ·һ
£
Ϲµ飬ǳѿ֮ʲôã
ϹƴⲻмŭϹһҪô𣡡
Ƽ˱Ҳͬù
һҪô
𰸵Ȼǵġ
ʱʵΪʲôţ
һԵֻϹƴ˵ı鿴УԺжʱֳһ仰
ϲ㿴һɲҵӡ
ʱƴǵޱˣ
ִ򲻹Ϲ书ƴǣ˵˵ӮֱƵϹȥ֮Ҫƺܾˣ
ֻ;ù񫣬жƴǸӶ˼ֹĿ࿴ˣ
ҪʲôʲôʲôʵܣطűĻѾˡ
ŮˣٺŰֵǣͲҪֱ㲻
Ļ˵ڶΣǸ⣬ϣҲܳԣҪñ˵ڣʱͲôˣ
ƴ˵ĲЦ
ǰ֪ҲգڣϹȻ͵ֻˣ֪˵ʱҲǶֻݡ
֪Ϊʲôÿƴ뵽ϹֻôĳбһŭΪ˴룬Ϲỹǰš
Ȼ
ٺõؽҲŵߵģϹ֪Լ滹ٷǾͲҪƴǶˣ
Ϲ˫ȭգŭĿĶƴǣȴǾþû˵ףϹ˵ĻЦġ
һپֻʲô鶼ó
Ϲ˫Ѫ˿˲ݷĶҲͰˣھϹҲʼĻֻ
ѵһҪǣס
ĻᶼûУ
ڵϹֻĸ飬Ѿϲϲˣֻǵʤ
һ˸еʤ
ԼҪʤԽǿңϹ氵ģһҪҸὫֻ
ԣ
䣬ϹٷϻĻᣬƴִֻ󣬲ɫϹֻ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ֱ˴ţֻþóƴǵİ֮ûܷӦ
֪ķӦšƴڻԼ

826 

826 
ĲţԥȻܡڡƴǾȻıԼ
ôһЩˣôһЩ飬ԼĺŬҪţ״׵ıһ仰һԺĿĳʹ
ƴǵֻ˵Ǵֿɼȴֲȥġ
ңԶ
ֻѾƴİʶľ棬û뵽бƴǱôһ졭
Īģֻۿ
ƴȴ΢΢üֻ֪Ϊλһ顣
ô
ƴǵȻĿڣͳɳƵȵĺҹиĸϰϰɢַֻ£Զ˹¥ַʵĿ
ֻһЦŵĿƴǣЩж
˵ʵ·ƴǵΪ˳ְæģֻȴǾúǸжԴܿյʱֻ֮ʲô鶼ǿԼ˫ֺͼǿȹģ˭ƴǵľٶܵ˱˾ǶôҸ
ֲûôŮӲԼֻܶҸ˶ֳɵģ
û뵽һľʦȻҲ˳ͷʱ򣡡ֻЦӯӯĿƴǣȻѾ³裬ٲ³һֱϹıߵľʦҲûʲôˡ
˺ʹ˵ʱ򷴶ҪʮȥֻöԷķ෴̹ȻԲлպĽӴ
֮Ͱˡ
ֻĸпƴЦǰҩ̵ʱұﻳɹĽӽҽҲżԣ롭ԭҽҲǱġ
Цˡ
ʿɶֹĸֵֻ׵ģܺƴǵĸ˱ϵͻѾܸˣٹֽӴĻֻʵ䷴
ˣֻ˹֣̫ӵᣬаڳƺʣȲаˣˣ
ƴǵ˵ͷδ¥ڵᣬȴǼӿ
ϹŭĿƴǽֻߣǡʱֻʺߵҲϹǰ͵͵ĽϹصϪ̫ӵߣô£Ĳɵģ
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Ϲһֻʺ̲סԹòôûᣬϹȴúãԱߵ˶ż
ĸû㣬ҪúõϧλᣬĪҪˣ
ȥ
ֻʺѹһϹһԵǰ˼ѾǺ֮ˣ
Ĺ֮ʵȽǿƵģһγĻʵ۾ֻһ飬͵ݷáܳûķģΪôϹڳֶ֮һʵĺܣǺϹִҲһܺõĵƣ
ң֮ڻϵҲϹӡ
ǣϹȷƽɳǵսΪİеս񣬿ϹҲͬǴٽͳѺ÷չһǲһһģ
ôˣ
Ůôˣ
ֻҪõԼĿģǱǳɹģ
ֻ֪ʺĺ⣬ϹľܾģڿһԵͷ֮ϹȴͻȻ⡣
ŵĺϹԵһ־磬һһȺ³ϣ֮ǰӢȴھͶ֮˼ĵġ
񣡡
Ϲ㣬ֱǰߵǰʼڨ
ȴǲõ΢΢ü棬ڨûһǺ˵ģĻӣҲɲ⣬ǱϾڱ˵ĹϣòҲóûӣȥ˵ǧĹ÷ִ磬ǾͲˡ
΢΢ü񡣡
ϹеĮĿһĲмȴգһĨЦݣĪҪ֣֮ǰͬҪĴڨǹĲ죬ֻһùܿǸȤģðǰҪ֪һܹθ룬һµļὨ飬֮Σ
ô
ϹżɽеĽ䱸˺ܶ࣬ЩĿϹŶ
⻰Ǻ˼
ʲôý飿
ϹЦţʲҹаµıԴҶǿеģò˵ΪŮңȴܺеսа̶ֳֵȣѾŮ֮е̳ˣӣ¶ǹĶ֣

827 ĺƨ

827  ĺƨ
ǧƨĺƨ¡
ϹӡΣҲܴʱ˿θģʼնǸŮӣȻǸŮӣǾͶϲģЩŮϲ˵ǲϲ֮滹ǻ᲻ֿ˻㲻Ķɣ
ϹҲԵһѺֻ֣Ǻֵˡ
ȻϹ˵Щ֮ԭŵɫ࣬üۼЩ͵ġ
Ϲ׼ʱּ˵ֻǿϧ
һ㣬վǲôһ㡣
ϻδüЦݻδ𣬱ôĽӲϡ
𼱣Ҫ蹫ֻҪһİ취ѡδŭϹǰֲ뿪Ȼ°һа롭պаΪá
Ϲζ
ͳشڣǾѺദͬչģĹϵϼף±û˻۹ǲĲа£ֻ˵Ƕ˵¼һ׮̸ҡ
ңܳףպĻа·սа벻ӦˣлҵҴ
Ϲϳθڣ򡭡ⱲӶûлӮˣ
Ϊʲôô˵
Ҳʳڡ
ϹϴȴǹһĨصЦģŵĽӴŹӦиµĹģʵҵֵԸһǽ˵ģӦֻͬǰӣõڷ˳棬ǱԶԹˣٽûеҪӦˣ
ѵ͸ôı
ʵ֮ǰϹ򻨴йҲûкôģ룬Ůһ棬Ǻо飬ܶʱֻҪŮӵʶľٶͻ֪еθġ
ǴĴܺʲϵЩ飬ϹܲµóǸʤļǿŮˣпӮҪԶԶĳԼĻµҪԡ
ң߹ǳΨһ飬˶ûиͬģӦĽ
ˣܿʱǶ־ģȴϹˡ
֮ΪĴۣҲΪΪ࣬ŻôеҪۣ
׳ô˵һܾ߸׼ȷ˵þܾ
ȴüͷĿϹ˼ǡ
Ϲ˼ǡ
ҪݣĻʵἰһ£ôΪ˹ңϹǲͬҲҪͬˣ
ֻƬ֮䣬бѾжϣ⵹ȷʧΪһ⣬Ϲ֮պҪдҲϡƽˣǡ
Ϲıߣôأ
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ҪֱԲָϹĴ㣬Ϲǲĵͷǡ
Ϊʲô
üơ
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а£ҪӮİŮ˵·ϵһʯ𣿡ʣµĻϹδ˵ڣѾԼµˡ
Ϲʵĵͷԡ
ڵа£֣Ѱ죬ԱҸа³ʧȥᣬֻǶڱڹ˵ҲźôģǺȡȡǹͷ뾡һеİ취˵ĸʣԲùʧģ
û̻ش𣬶ͻȻ˳ĬĿĵϹϴ
ϹҲվԭأ㹻ʱкúõһݺ
ϾҲǻ£ܶ˵ôҪȴҲǿҼҾͿԴ飬ȷҪúõһģ
ҡƾĶԣ֣ƢĮΪս˰֮⣬ȫйŮӶδı׼ĳ롭
仰˵ʱϹǺĵġ

828 Э

828  Э
ϹǲݵͷΪ˰ϹȥϹòʵȥϹˣ
ĵǣϹʵģ
ڵϹȷǸɷĺѡ
ϹڲԸϣҲòϵһ飡
޸δزһ׮Ե
Ϲģ˵ԼĿǳĬǰˣ˵ĻѾ˵ĺ÷ҲĺˣʣµģҪԼôôȥˡ
ȻûмŻش𣬿ϵıȴѾ˵˺ܶ顣
¶ܳɵģ

Ϲֶ߶ûе֮£ڻڴ˳Ĭ˵ģе
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֮ϹһѺ᲻Ӧ
ڴӦͺˣ
Ҳһˣ
ʱ飬ϹҪôѡ
ôѡһѵľ񣬶ǰں壬Ϲòһ
ҪǴӦ˺£ǱҲֻܺһˣôֻҲˣ
ҪǲӦôƱػӰİصģܻսʱ򲻹ǸʵѹȻǰյָϹһ³
ʵһȫļı
ϹԼ˵Ĵ̲סʼ
ڶϣϹϳǴķзΪ˻ϽϹһͨǳ̫ȴװݣҪҪ󷽲ƽϢŭ
¥ǸлҳĵطʱǶڳʹõ۲ݣֶ˼ʲ෹Ц̸ˡ
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¿ɵãٵǧСҪΪѹˣ
ǰǰǧСôҲȲ˼һҪˣ
ңܹа¿д棬Ҫ֪аµĸߣ֮ǰҲһֱûϵĳ谮ҪȢ˳һ֮£֮ϵλþķĪˣºͻʺ֣ҲĶˣ
ȵȡǰô˵ǲаǹ⽫ߵİӶˣ黹˳ⲻǱ¼޸а𣿡
˵ǲС˺Ҫǲ޸а£պᱻ˵ĵģһĹôſһڲ裬һƬЦ⡣
ֵĲ¶ôűô˵ˣ
Ҫô˵Ļǵа¿Ǹֱ߰˴Ĵָ
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Ȼܵ۵ʱǽѹģǼܲס۵ʱ˸߳ĵطҲŴ
ҪаӭȢǿһõϲ£Ժó׵ʱҲ⸳˰ұ߾սңҲܰҵˣ
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ݹأԸǿƣǼ޸а֮˶ǿʤ֣аˣ
źȲֻϢʱ򣬲ɵöסһԵɫҰףͿҪ޳ˡ
㡭
ֻ֣˵𣿡
үҪӭȢǳĹ𣿡
ǡأ
Ϲɽ˺ĻĿû뵽ôҪӭȢŮ˹ˣ
أ
ѵֻϹСֻ߲ܼ޸ԼϲˣҸ˲ݲݹ˴
ôֻ꣬ǱĬӰ£˼ҲܽӽֻΪŮ˫ϲǱҪһӶһģݰǴɾһ˿ʵġ
ǵĸٳֵˡ
ܲ˵ģؿƵòС
ߵȻϹˣ
ѵϹͬ˿дԵǰ㣬˼ǨϲݹصǸԸǿƣԣҲҪԼ
һԵֻȴŽȻͬĿͻȻһҪ顣
еǰ̫Ӻ͹ãҪĿĲǳšĻҩģ
ʱԼΪ˼зԼִ֪ʶæƴ˻ҩˣĴ죬ҪһҲǿģǡ

829 ˹켣˼ƫ

829 ˹켣˼ƫ
һ
ֻҪΪֺƴǼٰϹȥоҩʱҲǻûлҩĴڵģô
̫Ӻ͹ΪλǰˣѵֻǵΪ飿
⻰˵ֻš
ǡΪʲôأ
񡭡ֻ֮ǰļ켣Щƫƣ
ѵΪԼǰǰĲһԵĵ˺ı䣬ǰƳ٣ֻߡɴ಻𣿣
ֻΪԼ뷨е£ʵȴˡ
Żйǰ򶼱ı䣬ôҲȻӦķ仯
ԭΪδԽֻδ֪ĽָģڿԼĴҪӦı͵ˣһζİеǰȥƻһвͨ
³̫ӵֻǸտʼ֮󻹻кܶ࡭
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ֻҪδкܴı
ԭΪʱĽƴڵĹƳһڿǡǡΪѹƴڵĹƳ棬ΣŽ㿶ˣ
ϸ꣬񡭡ǰˣȴδӰȻ鲢еô򵥡
ȻѾѡ˱˴ˣҲ׼˱˴ˣôαǱҪе飬۱˵ʲôʲô㶼ţү׿ڶ˵Ļ㲻ѹ
ֻüصĿڡ
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²˵ʲôʲôȥүµģ
ʵǡ
ʵ̫Ա
ԭԼϺ䲻սаڸˣֱиݸ󣬲ңɼҪòòҪȨȨƣϰһĺգźñһǱȲģϹѡ˵һѹ㹻´ģһ
һϹҪӭȢǻϺвϹأ
ү᲻Э
ĬĬеĲ豭һڲ裬ȴûƷ£ֻĺ˼룬ֻҲûٶ˵Ժš̫Ӻ͹Ҫģ
ƴǻ᲻Σգ
㣬Ȼȥɡ
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ֻ˵ͷȻͬ⣬ɣҲû˼Ȳ裬Щ鱾ǴƴڵĹƳ⿪֮ٺ˵ģڡֻҪ׼ˣ
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Ϲɫŵ޵ⲽ
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Ϲδȥμ磬һĵƴǻὫ鶼ãֲǵֱӵʱ޵Ϣˣ˭֪һһ
ⲻںЦ
ʲôû˵ιأòγڣⶼǺԼûйϵ飬Ѿ׼ˣǱ۷ʲô鶼ıģͻȻŪһҪԼô½
ϹʵţԺѾϢ֮Ƕôѹˡ
УȥҸʣ˵ҵ⣬ô˭ԸȢ˭ȥȢˣûйϵҪӭȢ£
δƴǿڣϹҪߣҺñվפŵǧʱ
үȱżүѻ˵Ҳż
ǧû飬˵Щֱ֮ӽϹӭص޵ƴǵʾ֮£ϷһһʮͬϹ
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ڲǳ̫Ӹոôһ뷨ϻûиʮ϶Ĵ𰸣黹תصģ
֪ȥϹҲԵĺתˣǸƴǣԲʦ̫ˡҲΪŲŻ˵ģ
ƴǲûж˵üĽ
Ϲû̼ȥһϱ̬ȴҲǽŵĿƴǣǾʦ֪ڿкΰ취ȥܾ̫ӵ飿
ǸӭȢģ
ͻʥּδ䲼һҪȥƵȻʥּˣҪܾˣ
Ϲֵܷػģ

830 Ȣ

830  Ȣ
ʥּδ䲼ǸȷϢİδԣľǵģҲкͻ̸еĻͳ룬ʥּ䲼ˣǱ漰⣬ʲôĺýںͺûа취׻ԼҲСˣ
ߡոն±⣬ŵҪӭȢţת۾˸ʲôŵ
ҪǴµĶУҪѹİɣߡǸݷǷǶȻ̲µģûа취ӭȢ£Ժμˣ
ǴǰϹڵϹ飡
»ʧһܺõԴʧǿݣϹҲϧĿʼնڳ֮ϣƴǵİæ£Ȩ˵λ뷨ʼնı
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෴ϹƴǵɫȻ˺ܶ࣬īһ䣬Ϲ»ү
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˹ϱǧϹܲһִҪһ֮Ҳʼն޷Խĺ蹵Щ蹵ͺһ㣬ûбˣǱĻΪѵı㣬û޸Ŀܡ
Щµìܺͳͻʱ̵ĥű˴ˣܶĸնᱻĥƽ
ʵеʱŵԲһʣǹ˽ʵʶóģԻõܽᡣ
ŵԣĻŻ࣬һӴ˺£غͽһ棬кܶ๲ͬĻ⣬ͬľͬϲã̸ʱɡ
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Ͱ鲻ͬ
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һϹǰϹƴǣҲǰæԼһĺһĻᡣ
ƴǸһʳڣϹû񾭱Ҳûľֱӻش𣺡룡
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831 һ

831  һ
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ϹֿƴǣӴƱؾҪͳصһд򽻵
Ϲ֮ǰҲû˶һĽ̵
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еǰЩ鷢֮ǰһʱƴϹʧȥ书ҲΪฮߣòΪ滨
ιʱߵķǰһꡣ
ֻͻȻ뵽һܹؼĵ㣡
еǰΪƳ˻ҩƴǣƴбս°빦Ȼһûüأ֮ǰôʱ䶼Ϊ˽⿪ƴϵĶæµȴˣƴǵϻиҪʹȥɣ
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ǧҲͬʱƴǵߣСû˵ʲôԭҲû˵Ҫȥʲôֻߵʱҵ˲£һһҪתʲôһҪ
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ǧʵ˵ţֻ˵ʱҲаٷ֮ٵ֡
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Сȥ
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Զ
ǰֻҪһ־ץסƫƫԷȴ뿪һξĸоǸճСèԼĿץָо
ģȴУǺǺϲ

832 Ҳһ

832 Ҳһ
ңöΣ۽ǵⶼܿϹ͵͵Ŀÿȴת֮ʱźۼջĿ⣬żδüջأĿ֮䣬ϹҲֵܷ̹Ȼ΢΢һЦ
֪Ϲ֮ǰһŮ鵽ֵײײ֮ϹһһӡԺУһ֮ȥ
ֳϪ̫ҲϹһˣϹϲԼôδԼһҸϹòûôֳǰ㿡ϻ˵ĺۼͿֲİ̺ۣЦʱӾĺÿ·һ㣬Խˡ
ʵô¡
˺Լûϵ֮ǰԼÿһ۶ö࣬һ˺ԼǣǱ˿νǣҲ˲ԾĶǸ˶һֹպע⣬֮顣
ö֮һպעҲϰߺϲĪģҪʵΪʲôºٷ޺˶ѻشһ׼ȷĴ𰸳
ΪϹ͵͵ĿԼʵҲ͵͵ĿϹ
Ů˶ϲȨԵˡ
Ϲպþȫռˣ
֮ǰŸʷɲá
ãϹٺãҲҪģΪǧ谮ĹԼͽм
ֻϧĺˣͲˡ
ңǸš
Ϲ֮ԻϲֻʶʱһЩˣԼϹͬʱʶǾûֻʲô¶ˣڡ
ҲҪϣ
ڹ̽ϹҪϹڵ̬ȣ
ǻ˵ĵ˵ƴЦдһ˿ζȻŲɫµȴһƬ
Ϲ߽Ž޵Կ͸߹
Խ˽Ϲֻ֮ĵεΣϹӱӡԽĸŮ˲Ըⱻһ˶Դкǻܹ룬ԶĽڵһλ
ġ
Ǽʡ
ȻϹ˼ôֻ֮ǰһĴڣǸδฮǧС㣬иǳ˼ʺĽ֪ҵǸִС㣬Ȼдһˡ
ϹǺòܻԼе뷨ֱ˵ĳ˼ٶȱʵôȥѾ˷ǣаµһ㶼ı𣿼㵽̶ֳȣа棬ǶλִС޷ͻ
ֻǱѹϹŮˣһǼ޹ֺģһǽˣǶ̲˰ɣοȨԺյϹ
ҪʲôŮûУ
ǲ˵ֻҪ˵һаҪѡĹŮǰѡָվһŵϹѡ
ΪʲôϹȻܣһֻŸ飿һּͻ飿
Ϲǰ˼²Żô΢
δҲ̫΢ˣ޷ܡ
˵аҪӭȢġƺҪ͸Ϲɫ߿ıģκΣɫ߷·һ㣬Ǹǿ󽾰ˣϹǰʼնֻбķݶϹԶǸңɼˣ
ʵںһֿԵģҲϣǺһֿԡ
ǾǣǰϹϲֻҪֻȫ磬һУֻϹ֮ɢ֮ϹֻڳһݱԼ֮أǡĹ
ֻı֮ʹ
֮֮
ǻλȨ˵ҪӭȢֻֻϣߴҲֻˮȺ⾪ϲ֮ǻȻ󡭡һʱ֮ѡ˸õĽ˦ֻ
Ŀ
촽˵֮ĿϹϣڴ
Ŀע֮£ƴüĽ΢˼Ƭ֮ʧܵһ̶ȣȻȻҪˣӦǴûϲһ˰ɣ
ƴǵܵ˫ųɽ˫ͫϣޱޱһȻûֱӻش𣬵Ǵ𰸶Ѿдϡ
ȷôô꣬ǲϲ˭ġ
СǳģĻҲչˣԼҲǷڡ

833 

833 
òǲ飬ֻҪõĳԱȵģͲ˭书棬ҲҪǿܶĻ֡
˵ôϲ˭˵ô꣬һֱûǸֵϲĽġ
ֱڡ
Ϲ
ңϹ
ڹ¥ϱϹժʱ޲Ҫɱһ˲䣬Ϲһеȥ֮еҲȻ˱仯
Ů¶ͣһ˻Ҫֻ̫࣬Ҫһһٶһ˲ĸо˳޷԰Ρ
Ϲǰһ򽾰ЩԱˣΪϹ׵ĲµԼ˼Ѿαװˡ
үܸ߱ϲһ˻ʲôһָо𣿡
̧ɵ°ͣǰϹȻǱ̹Ȼܣûʲô˵顣
ֿ飬ƴǻڣĿԶɽͣԾ˵ϲһˣһֺҸĸоǻڲ֮ȥӣ飬֪ʲô֪棬ǲҲ㡭ڴÿ춼ܼЦͺһɢеĺڰ
Ҳĸıı䣬ѹʱѹĵʱģ·һֻΧһתһ㣬Ҫǡ
ܸ
ƴǳĬһ̶㽫Լȫ˵˳
Ҳ֪ϲһʲôоˡ
ڸոƴͬĵʱ˵һĻĻĳԼԺиֵʱ򡭡
ȫֻӰӡ
ʱǧ°ȥɳƶ֮أûаֵĻţֻһ˫پɫ˫Ŀ峺෴ܺɫȻĺ;ӪʿһţȻĽеĿѺѡ
ټʱҽ߳ĽӣԸˬʴ󷽣ˣһʱܻ˲ԾķʲôҲ룬ʲôѹҲ׿Ժڡ
ϵϸֻ
֡
ƴǵԺȫֻӰӣıܿЩȴǻ֮ȥġ
ҪһƴǣӳڣҸʱģԥĻشһ䣬ʱ
Ƕʱ⣬ԺƴǻᷢʲôὫǶʱзĿģ
ʱһĽӣ
ƴЩĵĻ֮󣬲ɵóƴǵӸȥ˵Щʱ򣬲ɵĵĸоԱȡ
û뵽Ȼȫˣ
аڻϲİɣ
ϾϲˣǱֻݺݵ˺ģĸô˵û˾ûˣ˵ͷ
ոϹѾ˵ˣʧܵһ̶ȱȻȻķˣǿô˸е̬Ⱥ飬ǲϲˣǾԲ˵ġ
֪ΪʲôĪʧ䣬Щ֪𰸣ȴģҪȥʣʹ֮ԼԼȥѹĪЩί
ܰɡ
ƴǿŴ۽ʪ³ôһ仰ûѹ֮ƴǱٶȲ
һԼĸжͻ֮Уһֱûл߳
ƴǵȻ˵ţȻô룬ֻԼ֪ƴǲҪȥˣ
Ǿȣеϲˡ
Ϲ⻰˼ǣڵһӹȥʹ߳
Լ
ϲһǻ᲻Ծıñ΢
ҪȥǶԷĸܺϲã˵ʱҲǰǰԣСȥŶԷı飬ȻܾԼҪ˵ʲô
ˡ
ƴȫ̷Ϲֻ֮ǰĸ飬罫ϹĶλڳҳ֮С
ϾҲһҪűõŮ˵˼ģ׷ŮһһζķŵԼ̬ҲһζǨͣҪԼ뷨ŻŮӲԾĸԼǣߡ
а˼ǴӹȥǶθ֮߳ˣĴǲԾһĨЦ⣬иǸſġ
ƴȴ֮ǰǰ㳨飬Ǻ鹫ȻѾˣûбҪǰʹ˰ɣ
ĴԼϣƴǵӰҹ֮ͦӢһ󣺡ڲ
󼸸ָı䣬ƺϹĳײҪٿֻһ㡣
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834 ҪЩʲô

834 ҪЩʲô
ƴǽЩСٶһĿǲм
ǸĴǿŹ¥֮ǰıԣƴǵס
Ҫ飬ҪõĶӦǴûʧֹģȻϹ˼ĺģȥϹǰĹôƱء
ҲԴǰϹϲ˶˼Ϲ滹ֻĻֻ鷳
㲻Զֳ֣Ϫ̫ҲǸʡ͵ĵơ
ҺֻʱѾǣһصĵطƴǵܷĵģฮϻиڵģ
ϾǲϹϲ
ٱ׷Ųŵˣ»鷳
ƴǵǶ޸УֻǴӦϹ飬ǱҪʶģƴѾֻ·֮ԴӦϵҪ飬ҲΪ˽ﻮˣ
ĿѾﵽˣûбҪٺ˷ʱˣ
ЩҪȥͲˣƴת˵űٵĴ߹
ү
ȴδĽϹһ˫߰ӣһҪүгһ³үߣҪүƾԲүΣ
֮̽Ϲ̬ȣѾֻ֣ΪڴϹǰĸʱҲֻϢ
ǰֻϹת޸˽Ϲ֮Ҳ֪ôˣȻûֵ֮˺ĵزֻ֮Ҳ˼һ㣬ôھǳˣܶ˶˵ֻǱˣֻܵ˼˼ǨıӦ˵ǳܲסʵĴ
֡
ֻ֮ɢȥˡ
ϹǸֻҲô˵ǰǻ磬żֻܿӰҲֻԼʶȤڵٳϹǰֻȡ裬Զ㿪˰ɣ
ڣϹ̬Ҫġ
ϹҲֻ΢źģ㲻£ʱ䣬ĥƽֻϹеĺۼϹ׽Լ
Ϲֻ˵Ҫ滹ǵֻĻ
ƺҪʲôʩˡ
ֻฮǧ𣬱иةڣҪةΪѵĻԼϹҲÿ
Ż᲻ϵ֤ϹԼͷˣȫĽ
ƺǺ͹ûйϵİɣ
ƴ΢ͣ˼ĨڵĺһĨ⣬ȴĿţȻ涼ڴͳϾ涼ʥּһδ£һδжۣ
㣬ǲǹ̫ܵˣ
䣬ƴתߵľ
ƴĨ֥ıӰȴãֻһȵϹ߳ŭƺǸܺõĿʼ
ص޵
Ϲǽţ˫ʯͫҫ£·̲İӿһ㣬һܻء
ô£
ΪδҴ뿪ˣ
ֻŸոڲǰ϶ƴ˵лϣƴܺ棬˵һ˵ڵ״ѰҺҩƴǻûüȥԼֻòǧ˵ʲôһҪ
ʱڴϣƴʣȴһֱŵġ
ֻһǸˣзִ磬㼱ҴҵĲǶ𣬶ȻǳʲôҪĴ¡
ֻϳԼϹͬһˣҲӦ֪ԼʵݣΪͻȻ뿪
ƴԭѾиģٶһ˪
ҲǱأүǴСҵūŵʱ棬ǾΪʲôȴûü˵ӿżڸʱ䡣
үЩ
˵䣬뽫Լϵһ嵥ݸƴǵǰǴС뿪֮ǰȥɹĶū޶ۣһҲ״С㾿Ҫʲôүƣ˵ᷢʲôߣ
ƴǽе嵥ӹĲ鿴ϵɻȴˡ
ҪЩʲô
ƴǵһĴԾ૳
ǧӹƴе嵥ԼǰϸۿɻĿƴǣӡСѡЩ񡭡Ǻ̻йϵİɣ
ֻȥɹЩȻʽิӣǲѿǺ̻йϵҪϣСҪЩʲô
ܲˣôණһ˶Űɣ

835 ƻҩ

835  ƻҩ
ֻжֵȺò飿
ǡǧͲʵ벻ֻҴææĴһЩ̻ĲˣߵʱҪƴǴ˵ǲʲôҪ㡭͸˷˼ˡ
ӣǲõĴСİΣߵʱǴݷһߵġ
ǧȥһ£ݷٺö졣
ݷֻߣֻҪǼֻ˵ʲôΣյģ⵹ص˼ְģ
ƴüĽȥһ߹ĺۼҵ˿˿ġ
δǧƴǱٶȿڣ鵽֮ȥţһɡ
ôһ˲䣬ǧǳɵüĽƴǵģܿģǧ㷴ӳ˹ƴǹ֣ǣף
ǧ뿪Ӱ˼Ŀƴǣү
ūŲҪүʲôֻүĪҪԼݣЩ̫ý
Ļ˵ޣƴǻ˲뻰еĺ壬Ҳûйı飬ֻĵ˵ͷ֪
ƴǵȷǽԼĻ˽ȥѵõرʧˣתֱ˸ˣ̽ŵĿƴǵ񣺡ү
ūҲǧȥѰһ´С㣿
ƴ̧ڵ·һӿ˼һ㣬ȴ𴩣ȥɡ
æ˵ƴǵллү
ʱүͺúõչԼɣ
ūŵʱʹСһһŻĲȥһ߿лдʵ߶ţС棬һкܶҪչ˺ͰæĵطүߺܶˣǴСҪūһЩ
ʲôǳֻȥġ
ǡݷ㣿
ŲݷҲ֪ôˣϲ춷ҪһЩʱ䲻Ҳ÷ζټϲһڹ˵ģ⹬ʵǲ̫ʺվͻ÷ƣǹҪһЩڣ޾ݷ㣡
ǧͲ뿪޵ڶʱֻʣƴһˡ
ҹڵļž
ƴһīɫ߽ۣϵɫ¹ҫ¸޵ڵϵǲɫĹâ
ü䣬׳纣һĨǰδеůâɫˮĴ΢˵վһ緢֥꣬Ӱĵοյ񻨴ǰפ㣬ޱߵҹɫƴǻĽԼϵߣϰ̺۲ڣԭĿòҲ֪ƴʲôıӰǷĹ¼š
ҹɫϴʮĺ⣬췱֦ͷǷ⾲ס
ֻݷ˺ܶǣʯľ̿ȵһϵеҩԭ֮󣬱ȥϹҵǸԴ
ֻҪȥģתһ룬ڳ˿ãǽҲȫʱϹ֮ǰΪֺҵɽȾͳ˾ѵڻơ
İ¶֪͸Ҫ˵Σյˡ
ҹɫžֻڵϣרоϡ
ǰļ䣬ֻϾҲֻǸͨ˰ˣûйĿı죬źܶ˶ָоεĳ֮ǣ߼㲻ǣҲɢɢģֻԼģȴ޷ÿһ鶼ǵϸģͱҩ
ֻֻǶ̺Ͳдµ˽⣬ôƣҪоһֱӽƴˣ
ƴǽӲܣ˭ܿջأ
ݷһ£վֻĬĬǿֻȴɻġ
񡭡ԽԽ㲻ֻ˼ˣĪĸԼԼŹƳã͸©ԼǰݣݷֻĻŲɣͬᴧֻҪʲôΪʲôôأ
ֻһԼ˼ġ
˶Ϊᱻѿסʱͷ˽֪ҽķɽˮ˵
˶ֻܻϹıѵʱȴǺںĽҩ̿˾Ŀ֮£ڡ
ȻҪ̻
ƺֻܳ䲻⣬ƺʲôԼĵģڡҪԼ̻ҲӦкҪԭɣ
ݷɻվֻԣûǰš
ֻһϮ£µţ浾绨ˮһרעͷĵеʯľ̿۵ϸָŪúںģȴȫȻںֻһ飬ڵơ

836 ǲǿľͷ

836  ǲǿľͷ
֪˶ٴʧܣҲ֪˼ʱ䣬ֻԴɽ֮󣬱㽫Լ׹é®֮УҺϴϹҵط֮;͵ؽ˸é®˸֮أЩӶҪڻĽҰϯض˯ˡ
ǧǴϻۣܿıһ֮أŲһȷ֮󣬱ȥƴǻ㱨Ѱ˸ֻߣֻҲȻܡ
˲ĵžɽ֮Ҳ˼ֳͻЦ
ÿÿֻרоʱ򣬲ܻὫݷ𴦣ŸָĽڣСо棬ʱԱվŷǲõģǻȲҪŴСˣ
ݷүūһ𵽱ȥòãŴСô࣬ʲôæﲻϴС㣬ȴڱĵط취СǽͰ
ݷ΢΢üǲߵģһ̫ʲô˵ģ
ɣݷүٶǿһ˫ڵͫĿǽЩζڵġ
ǲҲǼʶģҪǲ˲⣬ֻҲҪŵˣ֮£ݷֻúĵͷŲ뿪ɾֻһξ֮ݷȴԸˣֻǾһԴʯ˹Ϣɲݷ߲ˡ
˵ү书Ѿܸˣϰ¼Ҳûٸܴùˣ
˵Ҫȥˣ˷ʱ䣡
ٿҪһˣĿݷ㣺ݷүǲǲСǽˡ
ֻǽͣ
ݷǴ治ŲĻðɣ
Ҳ֪澿װʲô˲²͸ɽȵʱ򣬺ݷ˵ݷҲǻشģǲ뵹ãÿβײ岻װСˤˣҧȵȡ
һϵе飬ֻ벻ûв
ݷҪĥķˣϴαƭ֮ݷĬĬĶԼ˵ţԺ󲻹ܲ˵ʲô϶ţҲᣡ
װõİ취
ǲݷĮ붼ܲһ㣬Цӯӯģݷ鲻ݷפͣ۷ݷߣ߰ݷү뱣֤βǺ㡣
ݷɲΪ
ȴҡݷĸ첲ģݷүұ֤ˣСһϲģģ
ŲһΣòã
ҲС𣡡
ڴʯ϶ŵݷ˫ۣһɻȻûʳǲȴǶݷ˼ģһٵĵͷŵ
ҷģĲںˣ
͸ūһΣСԻϲģ
˵ġ
̬ȼᶨݷųɵĿڷʣȻõ˻ӦĲȴǷĿģûֱӻشݷ㣬ǽݷʯͷקɽеĳһȥģѣ
ȻŴСٶȣҪԼҪˣʱҪǰ첻õĻûа취Сһϲˣ
ֻݷߣǼյĹ򣬲Ѿݷϲá
ҪݷʲôݷһܾģֻҪֻ֣ݷٻɣȴԸһԡ
ݷ㿴ĵطĴǲԾһĨ΢ЦݷĽŲҲɵüӿ죺ˣͿҪˣ
үūźطūòҵأ
˵Ĺ򣬲ҪȥĵطѾչ˵ǰ
һƬƬһƷɫĳϫһ㣬΢Ʈڿҹɫī¹ҫ޷ʮ֣ɽҰƷ
ˮϪϴһ£Ʈһˮǳ졣
׵ĳݷϱ𺳣Ȼһʢ
ɽһĵطˡ
ۼ˪¶أȴʵԴڴ˴Ļһ¾õġ
뿴žȵݷ㣬°ͣЩ˵ݷүһūûƭɣ
ȻɽȵĲһǱϾˣĵطҲ£ֻʣôһˣһЩӣһ궼ûˣ
ʲô
ūȡһЩղūһһζر˽ЩҪһʢеˣ
䣬㲻ٿݷı鷴ӦԼһ˻ֱȥ˵ЩƮһתȦ֡
ȷЩļˣɽҰУϵĻ뿪ʼܵƣѾ֦ͷҵһŵһˣɼˡ

837 һ

837  һ
ˣҲû赲Ųĺ£²ͬЩһˣ
վڲԶݷ㣬һɫ̫Ĳ룬Ȼôһ˲ЦӺܺÿůƺһӴԼĳһĵطһ㡣
ݷЩ֪
ʲôֵĸо
ԼȻһ̫վһµģܺÿ
һʱ䱻ЩͷˣԺоȻ᲻ԾĸһһЦӣҲǷ׽
ݷصɫֳ˼֣Ҳ֪ںԼȥںͲȥŵջעڲϵĿ⣬ʼ׼õĹռδŵһ
෴룬ߴݷʱǺܻԼռʱȴ־Ӷ࣬һʱʱĹݷǰҡ
һݷòռһδȷ˹棬㱻ƤĲץߣ˰С

һ˫峺гһ˵ָǷ׷µһүǲǺܺÿ
ݷִֵıӣȥǸ˵ģתʱ򣬱ĴȴǲԾһĨЦݣƺϲȾһ㣬ĸˡ
ֻ˵Ķԡ
ǰ֮еˣһ˵ıԲܵʲôʱǲıģʧȥ˼䣬˴ǰе飬ǰֳһϵ̬ȣ˵ʱݷ㻹ǸڳĬԣ·ϰԵĽԼԸȥӴˣԸ߽
ʶģϰԵģʲô鶼һˡ
˶ʱЩźͲʣ׼ȷ˵ݷԼҲ֪ȥͱദ˵ֻϣҲֻֻŻݷԸ˽Ӵ
ǣڵݷ㣬ȴ⡣
Ǿǲ롣
ÿʱƺݷ㶼᲻ԾıϲȾݷǿܵģָȾȴǲԾ޷ӵģ
ݷ㲻ԸϣҲòϡ
ǡǸ̫డ
ݷЩᣬЩţԼȻһ̫Ը⳨飿
ת룬˱ƽȣûԸ̫࣬ǰҲӦǼģһúõˣû˻ԸԼòȱģͬʹ࣬ݷѡԼȴѡЦ
ǲࡣ
ıŤƺһ˲㱻ˡ
̫Ρ
ȻԸ񻥲Ǿ͸óΪѡ
̫ࡣ
ݷƵӻ˼֣ЦҲ˼֣ȻĽռõʵһת˵ͷʰŻĲϡ
ûзӦһһڵϣȴع̱ڵЦ
ݷ㱻ı鳹׶ЦҲЦ˳
ڵϵĲȴ˳ֽһԵĻݷȥ
ôûܹʲôί۸أû뵽ƺݷҲ׽Ūһ죬ȻҪ׽Ūˣ
үˣ
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һֻоڴ˸ƣݷé®ĺ󷽣ѡһطʼڿ
һ߽һƵ̳һ߶ţݷүūԼҫԼūһƵտǴСūŵѧϰģļ񵽱ˣѰҪһ̳һƣҲҪ²ζڸлɬūŶƫֻҪʱ䣬һƣʱ͵úðɣ
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ݷͲ˵ֱֻȥ㣬ôˣ
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ݷŵѯʣվԭصĲЦ⻹δüȥôĽӲϣǰݷ뿪ʧлûнܣƼһûٱݷ㣬ʱһе鿴űˡ

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840 ʱ

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Ϫ̫ӿϱĪ⣬Ҳʡ͵ĵƣϹŵһȻЩǻĹؼȴˡ
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οƵˡϹ
Ϫһ˫Ŀȴڸǲסӡ
ϹΪˣֻҪ˶ܿδöõĵϹʱϪ̫ҲϹֹǣ
˽ӴĶ֮󣬻Լˮƽ
£ոаµĻѾ˵ĺˡϪ̫۾Ϲ
ЩǻǲҪ̫Բźã򡭡ʵ䷴˷У𣿡
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㣬ѾȷüˣӦûʲôİɣݷһ԰æ飬ҩͬһ㣬˶Сϸа
ֻ˵ͷϱҲȻ˺ࣺܶţȷûʲôˣ
ĻҩţǼʰһ»ؾǣ
һԿڵĽˣȴǲ˵ģһ뵽ϾҪ뿪طҲɵЩ˸УȴҪǿЦݵվֻߣС㡣
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ƴǰɳȵģҲһֱƴǺϹɳս꣬ھӪе黹Щ˽ġ
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844 ôˣ

844 ôˣ
ֻһþ֮еĴС㣬˵ҽѾһ𾪴㵵ģھȻ˵ƻҩ
δЩ̫˼˲ˣ
ҶֻɣοһСĽƴأ
ֻоҩǺҲǻ£ҪƴܣҲҪһʹġ
ȻԲɻֻȴȾӦԵĴ𰸵ġ
ЩҲ߱ĺĽһþ֮еŮоҩǲ˼飬ȴǲܽܵġ
ƴϸ׷ֻԽһе鶼ѵżȻͺˡ
ķʱżȻĳһɽİŻҩɽֻżȻ֮ͱڷ˹ؼ
ô˵ûܿ˻ҩ仹ƴεˣ
ֻȻЦЦҲżȻĻᣬͻģȴıҸоˡ
ֻĵȷȷԼоģΪЩҩըأ
ҪıʲôͼıڰæҲԶˣЩɣ
뵹Ҳֻ˵˵Ҫͣ˵ڸֻѣӦý͵ĻȻƴǵǰûа취ġ
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Ҳǲʶû֮ǰĮǿⷢйԼвĺѡ
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Ұһʰɣ
ٵıֹ࣬Ŀȴݷɻ
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Ҫڲ˵綼˵ʱ㲻ˣ
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ݷüĸˣһ˫аȵһҲǶһɻ󣬱ǴɵĿռģڡŲɫ̫á
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ôһ˵ݷ㲻Ծڲ϶ͣ˼֡
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⧲ģӴݷĿ֮䣬ϸĨΣĪģĺʲôһ㣬©һġ
ɫǺ죬ȥֱݷ˫ۣǲֻ֮ɿתҡû£
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ݷ㲻ԣոջɫѿˣôô죿ѰѲٶȺϰһ𡭡
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ֻеɻé®ԺҪݷͲ֮עһЩˡ˵ں«ʲôҩ
ܿȡһƻݷֻҲʰ˶뿪ɲ칫ɽͻȻ쫷磬Ҳ˲
ХڿҡҷҶ紵ɳɳ졣
һ绮ƼžգűǺ¡¡ʱֱкڿн֯һ಻ϵ˳é®»䣬˲ϻˮݡ
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㣬ǻȵȵ˵ɣڳȥǡ
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ֻĿЩü֮ǳҲֻˡ
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ֻĪģĿڲԶɽǻĬĬ˵ţϣҪʲôźã
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ҩƵ˳ΪԼ̫ǵµĽţ롭
ȻͻȻ˴꣡
һֱͣǸ⣬ҪһֱɽУǱӼˡ
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뽫еһƽıţֻͲС㣬ݷүҲţūŵô
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ȴǴŽģūųŴСƻҩʱ򣬱ȥɽһ˼Ҵطһƣϲϲ
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ֻֻ˵ҪҪɽ֮Уǧȥŵ˲ɽǻ룬һ޷׼ȷ֪ɽֻ֪ˣ
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ⲢһµķģƴҲЩġ
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ٺٺ٣ָлܺأ
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ָݷ˵źݷȻüĽ壬ȴûжŭģֻǵĿڣˡ
ˡ
俴ƽĻڴʱĲȴܵ˼Ĵ̼һ㣬ϱ죬ҡͷûūŲûأ
ūŵտǴСūŸĸūŵģأ
͡һƣūűٺȥ̳ģֻ˼Сٺٺ١
䣬뻹ſվ̳ɵЦš
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ѵĵķˣչоҩʱ䣬ݷ֮ˣ

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СͯѾܲˣȻʧˣԼĵܵܣôԼΪһˣۡ
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ȷǲ֪ģڲɽеʱݷǿܵģڲһ֮ݷãƺڵҲôġ
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Ȼݷ֣ǲУѵõģԼԸӴǳֻ֮ˣݷҲûôˣȻܡ
ǡֻѵĹϵ
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ݷȴǺֵֻǰ㣬ѵĻӦʲôϵ

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ҲҺɽ֮УֻһдӼֻ±¶˯ǹŴЩѣҪ˷Ѻܶʱ䡣
ݷȺͲ׼õ½ֻϣæã۾é®ưô˵㣬˳ϷܣǴɽȽϸߣǰЩڴԵʱżȻһɽϣҲҲϣⱩܿͣ¡
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Ҳأ
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һֱˤ˵ϣһСı㱻ɽʯ⵹صˤڵϣֻҲûӦڵϡ
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ݷȴû˵ֻˣٵҹд󣬶ʯٶԽԽˣЩֱӴ˵໬ÿι쳣գǸЩϼĳһʣͻᱻЩʯŵñ˫ȷվԭأﻹʲôȥ
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848 ҪˣҪʬ

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ۼܵʯٶԽԽѸͣҪѡȥһߵأʱԲѡʯɽһܣŽŲЩʯķһԶ

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ѹô춼û˽
תһ룬ɽȱĵطڸɪʱȴʢģɽҰһʢһͣűҲ֮е飬Ͼ㣬ʢ±Ҳģ
ǧٿüĽ壬ȴΣҵָڵİǣþİ취ҪˣҪʬҪɽҵ
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ɽ⣬ԭȵ·Ѿʯ٣Ҳԭķ
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ܿıܿԼ񣬲ȥֱϹӡ
ʹäĿټǿӢŮӣԼϲ֮Ҳǰδеᣬһ˼ĵ˵ϡ
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뾭ݷһ˻ǳܰ졣
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һֱϣݷҵԼϲˣڸлҲźܴİǡǸŵ˵ĻϼҰڲŵˡ
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ȻС㣬ūžðĺһɣ
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ǵֱֻۣЦ˫гһ϶ߵһ㣬ݷҲǴżƵģūžܺݷүƽˣ

861 ҵ

861 ҵ
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Ϫ̫һ٣Ϲôֱ׵ʳڣЩΪģŵıţа˵ЦˣôܻаߵȤʰˣ
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Ϫ̫ڽϹϣһͼ֮˵Ϲ
ϹĿǱҪ̫һ仰ˡ
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ڱ˵ĹϣԱүֺ棬ʲô飡
Ϫ̫ӣԶǿͣδףһ䣬Ҫ̫ˣ۾ҪԼϣǱ˵ϣΨһһΣһΣǿ֮ܲ䣬ŪϪ̫ĶĿˣ
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862 벶ȸҪں

862 벶ȸҪں
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ϹüĽ壬Ϫ̫гģЩɻȴûڣǾĵȴϪ̫ӵġ
Ϫ̫ƺĿڣаȥˣ˵ʵȷǲܱĹϵģֻǡ֪زؽµĹϵأ
Ŀǿˣ֮󣬽µҲȥӦ
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Ϫ̫ӾȳʱϹıҲǿˣһĵǵģȴôס
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863 èץ

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864 й

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ϵϢϹ㱨ģû˽»صϹߣܻᱻЦͷ
澹ȻǧµӰѲ뷨Ǵ˵ģոһɽ沢ûǧһˣֻϹЦģ
У
˵ʲôҲǧˣ
ҹӰķɿ죬ϹüšһţָԵҹж죡
ҹǧ¸
һϹֱǻ
³ҹĻ㱨ΪץϹİѱ˲Ͻҹϳ⣬һ·׷ѰǧµӰǲǧµһͬʧˣ׷ѰȥȴǷһűɽɽȡ
ǱĴɽһֱţҹҪȥˣɽȴѾӰûǿ߳ϣ
ҪϹˣ
µãǾȻɽ濴ǧµӰ
ŵôãɽûˣ
˶棿
ôǧ·ŵľٶǲζڿԼЦ
Ϲʱһֻ񱻵˺ϷˣһĸоϱҲ΢΢ЩŤԭǴҪɽ˳ץһУϹܲôˣ
ðֶҲãץǧµԼǰԼһֶεıʳϹ«ﵽʲôҩ
ڷԸ뿪֮ϹҲ׷˳ȥԭӵɽʱԶһŵҲ³ɽȵǰ˶˦֮ȻĽɽ֮С
ǰһƬǽʱµǵǡ
ôô⡭
ӺʹСӦò°ɡ
ȴ֪ôźá
ǰһƬǽ壬͸©Σղ˵ɽȵطҲСããȻĳȥǲҲˣԼҲҪ棬ΪѾǸûȥϹ㱨ϢʱȴͻȻīĺҹ֮УӰŲĵĻԼǰ
µͫ΢ţĿ⽥ϲǰӰǡ
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ǧƳһ۰ȻƴǺֻȻĴ뿪Ⱥµվһ
ôˣǧĿͻȻֵ£ǵʳڣǹ£

867 ǧ

867 ǧ
ǧ˫ӣһأ˵Уǹǧµ֣ҹϹߣϹİȫʵǧȴˣϹߵֳǧϹߵ˱ĵܵ£
ʵǽ͵ĺһˣٺã书ٸߣҲҹۣʼձϹֻŽ͵ͨ
֪ǧݵˣֻϤ⼸ˡ
һ£ǧ˱Ƿֿһ˱һ򲻵ѵʱ˱ĬĲͬʱ֣ñ˻ɡ
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Ϫ̫ӺȻͻȻʦүһӦĹ֮һүǲҹģ
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ӺʹСôȥǻСĺ䶯Ҳһᱻó˵¶ģ
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˭Ҳûа취ͻӦԵ
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ѵһ·ǧ˭ûв
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ƴǵһֱǹɽֻϣӹһֱٶ⴦ɽȷʱϹȻĸϣƴȻûע⵽ģ
Ҳûʱ;ȥע⡣
Ͼʱ䲻ˣ
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ǧɫ޷Ŀ£ֻôĻϢ̫һʱ֮䲻ֱҪúõòУ
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Сһ㣬˷ˣǧĵٶȶ
ȴЦĿǧˣ֪ˣҰ㻹𣡡
ҲСһЩ
¸ǧ㶯ԭ·غ󹬣ƴһǰȥϹ㱨ϢߺǧҲӿ˽Ų׷ƴǺֻƴ߽˵Щһֲתƴǡ
棿
ԣƴǵüĽšһţųɽĿҲ
ǧ˵ͷǡ
뿪طؾ˵ɣ
ƴǿǰֻ˼Ƭ˵˻ةฮת·ȥҩ̣
ֻݷ㲻˵ЩǱƴǺһҲͬ϶ٹ˲ҪƣôһͻȻةฮһةֻĵģҡ
ƴǸΪĵǣةڳеĵλ˺ǲǴʱ˿̵ةฮһһҲ˼ˡ
Ͼ
ϹԼ˽ܵ飬ȻҲܱϪ̫֪
ȻǸϪ̫Ӿ߲ƣ
ǣ
ǧĹȥ׼
үʹССģ
ƴ˳ֻĽŲȴһԲֻǳĬվֻԡ
ֻȴţκƴǽͻҩ飬Сƴǽܻҩ
ɽ档
Ϲɫ뿪
һϣ
ʲôϹ˽˾Ӻʿ
ǧӰҲûץߣ
Ϲ˫Ŀһ㣬ŭĶҹŵָɽһƬǽ壬Űɽȣ˵İ⵹Ϲĺû᣿
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үҡϹʣҹĵͷ޴ӻش

868 

868 
Ҳ֪Ǻúõ飬ôͱӣ
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ԲôزأǾЩʲôɸ˵ܣȴ鲻ֱƵĸоܣ
ҹĺϹǰڣүٸһλᣬ⻰˶ȴ˵ʲô˵˵ĿǰϹҲԼˡ
ûõĶ
ϹĲҹᣬݺݵһ˵ϵҹϣŭ뿪
ߣ
ҹϹ·ҹʱͻȻһ򵭲ˮ¶˼ζЦ⣬ڵô򵥵ĵɽȴָ»صӵǰ
δҲ̫˰ɣ
㣡
ڵɫѿҹȻ̧ͷ𾪵ĿѾ߿˵ҹ䣬ŭ֪
ҹסŲתҹȻ
ҹԥǵԶ
Ը±ǱҹܵģֻϹϲҹһЩԼҲûʲôֵĻᣬڡòҹԼܻԼǰ̣ҹλҹɽѹԼĻأ
ӰһζʱԼ֪˵ɽļı˿ɽ棬ֻߡɽʲôܣȴװ֪ģһֱҹֱڡ
ҩ̡
ƴһ˵кҩ֮Уݷæӹ̨ҪҩַȥָЩ˵ط𣬷֮бֻʣƴǺֻ
õµĺԺϤڷеȴǵǸĬʮĺҽӺɬС裬ةฮ׽Сͳǰ̫ƴǡ
ζ֮·ֻǾɫ϶һɫĹΣֻһġ
еľĬЩΡ
ֻƴǱԵںԺУȴǶԼ˼
ֻҪһõĽڣƴǡ
Ҳ֪֪ŭ⡣
ʱɽվţܻ꣬ʯ£ۿЭĽɽǰŵǿߣۿֻӰɽҡҡ׹
ķ·һ˲侲ֹǱһۣ
ƴ´ûйˮ٣ʵƴԥԥΨ
ΨֻϣƴԥĲֻһΡ
ԥŸòúӴԥźӴ֮ôԥšԼĽӴ᲻ѡ
ǡ
ƴǵɽȴĿǽ֮ͻȻֹͣһ˲䣬ƴǱһС
Լԥ֮ĽˡԼġ
ҡ
ĳĬֻֻ֮ƴɫԾɢЩˣôȥҲһ¶ȿҪƳĬ롭
ֻ촽΢δü˵껰֮󣬱⧲ĵһ֮С

ֻĲȣһ
Ǻܿģ⾪űẦ߸ɢԿı۰ǿҵжϢֻɫǺ졭ƴǿģл
ͨͨ
ԼƵһ㡣
ֻҪ˵Ļ˻ȥֻԴһƬհףɵĲ֪ʲôźã
ƴǵĻů
ֻƴǽıڻУΪ̫ûףֻһʱ֮ʧ˷Ӧֻع֮ȴкĨһ˫Ҳҵ˷򣬻ġСģ̽ŵġȥѧƴǵƣƴǵĺ󱳡
ͻȻ뿪ȥʲô
ãƴǵͳɳƵֻĶһ仰ʲôĸ飬ֻȴƴǵĵǺ;ţƴǡҲں£Լ飡
ֻ˲۾ʵʱֻһҪȥҪһ̵ĵط飬ȴͻȻ״
ˡ
Ժ󶼲ˣ
ԺͻȻ뿪ƴǣƴΪԼģԺ󶼲ˣ
ã
ƴһȻǸսӢˬҼսǶô壬Ǵʱֻƴǣȴֻһ꣬ڲһеӵԼİˡ
ƴǴһųˣһֱ֮ԲԸԼģֻǵ¸ֻδ
Ͼ
ĶһУǲʺϸڵģ˺
ֻ˵ܾʱ̰ΣգƴҲҪ⽫һݸĵףԶἰһе֮ʱֻδˣ㿪ڣɲ롭

869 ע

869 ע
ЩһʼѾȻע
ܴɳǣƴǿֻ˺ǸǽฮǧȫϱߵʱҲ̳һϷŻƵʱ𣬻ͽҽദʱ
ңݸ˭˵Ǳ˴ȴղ
Ȼ㲻ˣǱ¸ҵȥԡ
ȻƲֻǱĽֻץԼС
ƴǱֱֻ۲ɵ˾ӵվţ棬ݷ㱾Ҫֻһ뽪˳ûϴѵģտοյ񻨴ԼƼӵһˡ
ĿڴĪһ£ݷ㿡˫ڵĿǸӡ
ݷ𱡴˼Ƭ֮󣬱㽫еĽ˳ԣת뿪
ȴĶֻɫǺƿƴǣǰȥѰҵʱѾûаӰֻʣһ뻹ðĽ
ֻɫӵĽ뽪˽ӡ
ûпˣֻҲ֪⽪˭͹ġ
˹˳ݷûˣ
һʱֻ֮жڸܵƴǸϲ嵭תüϮһ˿ǳһ˿ݷǵǳ
ݷֻĸֻһֱ֪
еǰڣݷ㶼ԼĪԣһֻҲںŬݷܵҺ˵ůŬĽ̵ݷ㣬ҪݷΪ׽ܣȻ
һֺ΢飬ʱ˵ġ
Ҳ֪ݷʲô᲻ӣӦǿԼƴһĳҲԼƴǵĸ˰ɡ
ֻ뽪С
ƴȴüĽĿֻЩԵĴֻнǽ˹üֻڸ˵˵㵽ȥʲô˰ɣ
ֻЦЦЩױƶĽһֱԼСıõըҩ䷽ƴǵУ֮ͻȻ뿪ΪҪ㡭һ
Ϊ̫ܣ̫˵⣬ƵʱҪ飬Ҳ뵽Ǵɽȣ㲻㣬ȴ˱ɽ飡
ʵֻɽʱҲƵģǲԼҪݷ㲻뼸˿ɽϸʮ£ƾ˵Ҫǿ߿ɲô򵥵飬Һʱƴǡ
ƴǾͺںڰеһâֻǰ·
ƴǽŽɵĴֻнӹ䷽ųɽ㲨ȴǷϱҲ
ǡ
ҩ
ƴǿ䷽ʱֻһڽȺĽһ·ůԼθֻ԰׵ɫҲ˺ܶ࣬ڱɽʱѾ˵ǣ֮ǰķҽ𣡡
⻹żȻ֮ģһСׯҪɽ·ΣյĶʱΪҾǴ峤һΪҵĺĺҷǵʱܽĶ˵ԼƳĻҩǱȺܶӵĻҩǿأ
ֻתתܿƴǷâĿ⣺սϵĻҩǶҲ֪ǿǵĻҩȷǿҲ֪кܶİջˣԱֶζǺǿģʱʱֻǵȤţҲˣǴʱʹҵǵͼƣǲҪսΪİȫҩһ˵
ֻǵʱݲ䷽ڼȴǲ׼ģŰżԼһ£ɹ㣬׸һˣ
£ֻ۽ǵȴƳһƴǣݸЦϾаµľʦܳǲҪ̻Ѻദҩү˵Ǹܺõıƣ
ΪƴǸԼ˵ģֻֻܽϹˣϾҲҺܶԲү
үÿˣ׷ҵԼҸʵǺܸ˵ģҩǵ͸үͲɣ
ϣүԺսս޲ʤ
˵Լ˵ĻֻһڿڵĺеĽ
һԵƴǣȴزס𺳡
Ϲսɱ࣬ڻҩ䷽Ȼģǿֻ͵ԼǰЩȴǳױˣȻĳƷЧΣǹ⿴Щ䷽ԵúܶС
ߣֻ鿪ЦģܿҪɽһͻȻֱֻӴһЩõĻҩ͵Լǰˣ

870 Ī

870 Ī

ƴǵһĴǻͳɳƵĽгô֣ںŽֻһͣĿһԵƴǡ
⻹ƴǵһνԼ֣еС
֪ΪʲôֻȻ֣Īĺȱ⼸ҪĶ࣡
ţ
лл㣡
ƴСĽǰƷպãĿĵֻ΢΢ȴֻıϣƺǧ仰Ҫֻ˵ȴֲ֪ôʲôطڣֻܻΪ֡
лл㡣
ꡪ
ֻƴģЦˣƴǣĮƴǣȴټ˽ֲ֪ƴǡ
෴֮£ֻǻ࣬üдҪһƴˣǲǾãпңҪǸȴֲ֪ӺοڣŻԥΪѣ
˵ɣվ͸ʵĻᣡ
Ҫˣúõ˵ҿûô˵
ֻϵĴ羭ʯĴЩǱȴ赲ϵһɳ׵ʣʱЦЦüҴ˼ִȤ
һǸˣһƴǵǰֻûдιûбҪȥΡ
ƴǲǧԼǰβ̽ԼΪ迿ҹദŰݷȴһ֮ͻȻȥһеأ͸©Ųƽݣʵò

ƴϵʣʱ׽ҲܸоģǺϹЩģֻƴϵҪǿϹˣ
ȻѾӱԼ⣬¸ҵԼʵ뷨ôӦ׿飬
ƴǵֻ֪ɳǴγʱֻ֪
ֻ֪֪бҪƴ׿˵ǹؼ
ֻʣǲĴ˵ƴɻˣ
Ȼֻʦ֮£ƴǷظЦЦͳɳƵĸдԣҲƴǵЦų磬ɣȻ
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Ȼ֪ұ㽫һһʮĸ㡣
֪ҵʵƴͻȻһ٣ĿĿ̵ֻ˵֣ƴǡ
ƴ֣Ƿڼǰĳ̶ȲѷڵսаϹֻǰֻͣӦǸöİҲ֪ģֻѸ˼Ÿλشƴǣ뵽ӦǴֵģ
Ҫһ㷴ӦûУǾ̫ˣ
ֻɫһʵơ
յ˲࣬ҲаΪֵļƵģǳϪ̫ӣƴҲƵģֻȻ֪ƴǵݣҲ֪ϱŵĳޣеǰԽʱģֻɱ֮ƴǣڼǰǳȨʣҲǲ֪ġ
֪ӦǼҵġ
ƴǴֻ̹֮ĽźǷĵģҲ֪굽εľƴǡ˶ٲʹıѣֿͷ˶ѲżǿĻڣС
ź걻ȫܿǽ⿪ƴϵĹƳĹؼ
ԣơ
Ǹơ
ƴһ̲ס˵ƺѹǳǰ̫ӣƴǡ
ûǳͨѹ´ʱˣӦң
ֻĿĸŽƴǡ
ƴϵıʹ࣬ǳʵ̫ңĿԼĸĸ̵ѪΪŵĻųմѪЩѪȫϵѪ
ƴ໤ʺĸһѪ·Ҳڼǰ֮УɼţȴҲˣһϢ
ƴĿ˳Ӱ¼š
ºȻڻŵȴһֱˣҲʱҲ֪ϾȻεˣС˶
ҪǱƹ̫ңƴԾɲԸţڵĳʵۻôġȫȻ顣
⼸곯̽׷ɱʼûͣ¹ϵĶֻǷ治Уҵ书Ҳ
ƴüĽ塣
ҪǵǷ治еĻƴǻǰӣѰҽҪ⿪Ķϻ縺Ѫ𣬱ǿҲôʱȥŮ֮£Ҫǡ书һ
ƹѪԼļϣǲĸʺĸ󻹵ԼĿ»׷ʹ򡭡һеһУƴ书һȫɥʧ

871 

871  
룡
ҲҪ֮
ԣ㵣Ҳ»ˣҪӽ㣬ȻҸ֣Ҫ𣿣
ֻӹƴǵĻ
ԣ
ƴûκνͺƴǣֱ˵ĳˣΪȵʵ̫ɺϣǹΪ֮
ԣұǲǧȥ̯λ飬ҽǷǴǰ߳
ƴڵĶ޲ߣþҽҲֻǿİƴάһЩ״ǿƴڵ񻯵һЩȴʼ޷׸ΣΪҲǽʾ֭
ʱȴͻȻһҽ߳ĽӣרžͨǷġ
̫ˣ
ƴǲôɺϵ顣
ǧǴǰҵƴǲŽ͵ұ׷ɱĴأǰһżȻĻᱻаȣ֮һֱΪʦݴľӪ֮Уæıߡ
үԸվЩѶϣʺ˲Ϣսɱϣˡ
ЩʱұᶥүݣΪϹȥһЩ޷飡
֮ǰϿϹҼٰġ
ƴǵȻЦЦ仰ǲ˵ֻҲ֪ġ
ǣǧҵҽ֮̽󣬵õĽɲģԼˣֻ죬üĿƴǣЦͲҪɱģҸҿô
ģ
һΣƴǵĴ𰸵Щֻ֮ˡ
ҪԼ̽
Ϊʲô
ƴʵĻش𣺡ҵأа±˺һЩŵù׽֮⣬аµϹܼҶ֪ҵĴڣǡ굱ʱүͻ϶ֵĹؼʱ̣ǲ˳뿪ġ
ֻǵʱ
ƴǵĿЩƮԶ鼫Ŀ˵ֻǵʱԶԶ㱳Ӱµվһǰ棬ɫȵĿյƣʱ㵽ɢʣҲԾĿҪӴһ
̳ǵʱ飡
ֻĺ촽΢ţԺҲĻŵ鷢ľ
ʱǽںݷȥƲŵ̳ǣ˻ƵʱֻԺȴеǰƴһŻƵʱģԵʱȻЦŵģЦȴǷᡣ
º裬ֻúദȻȴû̫ࡣ
ⲻ֪
ƴǵĹϵԴյƣ
ֻڵʼЩˣҺȥ̳ǣҪƴθˣ߼㿪ʼҲ
ƴǴǲԾһĨȣЩЦ˵Ҳֻ֣һۣҸı⣬ҪԺӴһ̽ĵϸ
ȻʱֻǵҪ̽
ƴٿزôһ䣬ֻ֪Ц
֪
Ȼ֪ˣ
һжװģƴҲǺö˶˵Ѫյ꣬ôǸʱϲԼأ
ȻƴǲͻãôԹֻ̲ͣסЦ˳ˡ⻰ôôŤأ
ԸˬѣһȥĳһȥͻƣһᲡβ
ٻǶʱµʱƴϵıĲǶʱ䣬Ϊɵʱ򣬺ͽһ𣬲ÿôƺıֻм򵥵⼸֡
ǿԺԵЦЦȾƾͺȾƣʹʹ졭
Ǿʲôʱ㡭
ֻһʱ֮˺ģ̲סǰ۰Ͱ͵Ŀƴǣȴƴ̹ףʲôʱԼ˸ģ
ƴЦЦǳ磺㵱ҿŮ
ֻһ٣ɫǺ죡
ҲҲǣ
ƴǺϻ۵ˣʲôӲ˫۾ֻǵʱԼĴ󣬲ԸȥϸЩˣڵڱƴǸָ˳ֻҪ굽طȥˣ
ƴǵȷ֪ŮģദľˣƴǻûĻǲĳ⣬ദһͶһֻʶʮ죬ȴʶʮһ㣬һʱ˵Ļ¶ûСĴţҲǰֶΡ
¾ãݵʱദʱĸоɣ
˻һӺܲףҵһԼôĵİ¸ǼѣǸʱƴǱֻɡ
ǷʧõĸоƴĪͺĸʱְȣ
ֻǵʱֻòƴȻ֪Ůȴ֪ӵʵݣ֪ฮǧִС㣬ֻ

872 

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֮ǰϪ̫ӵֱ֣н˳֮Ϲָ˵ЩƴĪоǧԸǧԺȥةฮһˣͬةฮλС˵ܻʥּµģֻ岻ʣǧҪţҪ磬ةฮҪǿ䱸֪𣡡
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878 ط粨

878  ط粨
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879 Ϊ

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Ǹͬ˫ϸֻ꣬ûҪЩҵ㲻ϹĴݲУһͼžˣֻ˺ܾãȴ޼գֻգֻܵϹõϸһ죬ϸȻȻĳˡ
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ƴǺĽ㣬ǧĵܵܣǹȻ˵ϸԼ˫ãҲ˷顣
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۾֮Ҫɱͷģڳˣϻһ棬ֲģǻ֮أ
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ȻϹȴǶĵϹǰ֣һ㣡
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ϹǹһĨЦϹң˵һ̥ǣǸе飬Ĳй˺ۣ
˵ةˣ
⡭
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ϹЦԽŨʾһĽĽϸڻУ֣ȻѾӦӭȢԵӦýȫ˼ϣǶĵá
ڡԵŮǲֻⱾǺûаϵ飬ǺôֵһȻлɣô֤ʵһҲ޷
ϹŲæһĨЦЦĻȡ
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ϹԴ䣬˵ĺһȻǲܵģֻͲһ˲ıô࣬Ҫ뿪ϹľǺܼᶨģҡ
ϸĹ۲죬ܷǰŮʵǺֻЩĲġ
⼸ֻĴҽ紵ɹϸ۰΢΢ɹһЩƤٺãҲǻۼģͬģ˫հŪҩĵҲһģָֻϻкܶϸС˺ּۣҩʱģǰŮӡ
ò˵ļİϸۣ˫Ҳ·ǴаƽۣȴǺֻྶͥģҪ˵ǰֻмô¶
ңֻռ򵥹˵ģôװ磬ЦĻ˵ͳúÿҪٴڱ˷ƽ޹ʵı˼ʡ
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򵥻⣬ǰ
һʢװϯȴ˼鶯ͻãĻһ㣬ֻԶԶţȴǲʺϽĽӴӵеģ
ǻĿԴأ
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ƴǺϹΪһݣԻòһЩֽţݵҩˮжҺҩҲЯģû뵽ó
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ֻȻѾˣǳʲôԭƴҲӦýŮ˴ֻ֤ٻصϹˡ
ϹϽߵʱã
ϸɫֵĿһŵϹˣˮĿǻţǼٵģһ˭֪ϹϹݺ֮ϹˣҪǾô׵ıϹߣҪʩԿ̣Ȼбƹɣ
뵽ϸӱ㲻ɵþֵĲ
ûнܹѵѧֻһһʱ俪ʼģҪ̷ܵ϶̲סеѿڶʱҲ¶ˣаûиϾɱҪ½Ҳˣ

㡭Ҫʲô
ϸ꺦µĿߵ£ƴƿֻϸƽʱϰˣǷŭǺ¿־壬Զôһ˿˿ᣬزᣬǴ޻һ
ſң
ةฮĴС㣬ûʸץҵģ
°ϸһۣǷܣǣةฮĴС㣬¹ҲҪ˺ֻмҪȷϣһ£ҪôĻ»Ͳˡ
Ͳֻܿ·ҰѾͷѾǺܸˣҪǻ˲룬ǻֱӽ³ĴϹƴǵǰ

ҲҪ
ϸƴҡͷǾµľˣûʲôԼȴҲϸˮҪҵϹȣǡҲ֪Ϲȥʲôط
ŵĻʹûаϤˡ
ĸоŨŨϸ־嵽˼㡣
Ҳȥſң
Ҫؼң
Ǳϸ޵ķˣµûû˻ؼңҪ㼸⣡
㲻ǿڿ˵ԼةฮĴС𣿡
ô㵨ʶûУ
Լƭȥɣ
°ϸķԣǿӲ̬Ƚϸ̧ƴǵǰģӣ˴ˣ
ٵչǼٵģûʲôԼ¶ˣ
Ҳȥ
ǷſңҪȥ
ϸۿ΢죬ͼϹ̸Уа£ȻҾܾ㣬ҲҪӭȢĹˣҲ֮ûκεǣˣſңҰɣ
Ȼڣ˵ʲôϹƴǶǲ׷ġ
ǲֻͲܷϹ£ټװֻȥˣϾ˶ĿЩ׽˿ֱǲֻȴǷֲġ
ǼٵģΪҲֻͷϣҲֻΪ򵥣
ϹڣĵĴϸõĻᣬϹҪڳģǻҪһ˼ģڵƴǣûʱ棡
߰ɣ
ƴתǸģɲ룬˴뿪¥صԼĹʱһֱɫԥةȴͻȻǰǸϹа¡
ϳܴܲҪˣ
Ϲ⣬ةȴϸϡ

890 ؼ

890 ؼ
ةݵϣĿʮָӣϳɲԣȥ
Щ飬ϳҪ
⡭
Ϲס˽ŲʶĿƴǡ
ҪҪˣϹǲҲ˵ʲôģǰֻĸףܹҪةһЩӵģϹȴ֪ƴҪϸҪʲô˲ŻҪѯһ¡
ƴʶšüةǸӵֻ֣Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬱˵ͷ
ةཫ˴ȥةฮҲУֻҲǻģҪ˻ȥҲǴֻǰ
ϹһЦŵĿةࣺҲУ
ة࣬Ҫúõʣ¹ػĽǲܳģ
ة鸴ӣûпƴǺϹ֮СֻǸмϹ˹֣ла£
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ة΢΢Щµнӹϸ꣬Ƶۿ£һ˫ǡ
ϸ궶øˣҪةࡣ
װ˼ҵŮˣҪ˼ԭȥ
еġ
аµʱϸһнƱĻᣬةʱϸɾǰٿĪ簡
ϸʱة಻ûзŭĿǺµϸ꣬İοţ£һȥ
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ةһڣȴǽߵЩ˶ŵˡ
ԭҶǰŮӲֻ鶼ǺƶȷģةҲӦˣǺŮ˼ðֻݺֻģΪʲôةϿŭ۵ĿǰŮˣ˵ĻͰҪŵ˵ģ
ѵǵĴ
ǰֻ
ܰɣ
Щ˶ҪةŪˣ
ֻʲôʱԸˣ
ǡҪǲֻĻҲû˵ʲôһģһ׽õİ
¶ˣ
ةûע⵽Ϲ𾪵ĲеֻǿɪɪϸۣٶеĿڣȴؼҡ
ʲôȻؼ˵𣿡
һΣةûȥǿӲϸֻ꣬ϸǰƵۿ£һ˫Ŀ۵Ŀϸ꣬ʹϧͱ˵Ŀϸ壬·һ͵һ㡣
˶ٵĿ࣬˶ٵ۸Żˡ
Ҫ߻ڣةҪƺԼڱѾȲġ
ƴûдةκεı飬źۼջĿ䣬ѾʾϹ뿪ˡ
ƴǺϹߺ󣬶ʱֻʣϸةˡ
ȻͬةҲİģϸȴûôºͿֻˣҲ֪ΪʲôֵĴةܸܵӲӵй顣
ѧϰСһһʱ̫ˣŻĴ
ϸкʧ䣬ةȴǼĵĿϸ꣬䷳
£
ةฮֻһЩ⣬˶Ӳ㣬˺ģ֮ҪߣҲǿǲߣҲúõƴģ
ҡ
ϸֹة࣬еĲȥ󣬿ة໺ֻħ֣ȥ
ةһҲ¶Цݡ
ֻһˮɫ֦ȹϱʩȴɷˣ˿ɫվڴǰⲽĿеŴſڵķƺڵʲôˡ
㣬ģµġ
ų̫Ӻ͹Ѿҹ̻عˣҲûܴʲôӦûʲôΣյģ
ݷüĽĿһǳֻɵɫЩȻΪֻڵƴǵİΣŻż
ֻȴҡҡͷҲڵ飡
֪ƴǻû¡
Ҳ˵ǰеļ䣬ǶԵĶƴǰµͻӦٶҲʮֵŵģƴ̫ӺϹ˭ƴǵĶ֣ǼҲУ
ֻĵǡϿֵܻϸꡣ
ΪεĴԽʱ꣬ܶҲȻķ˸ı䣬ߵ׽ҲǸı켣˵ǸеǰѾܾˡ
ֻܻᷢܶ޷Ԥϵ顣
оͰϸꡣ
Խֻ֮ûҪǰҵϸ꣬Ϲħƣϧһϸ껹ǱˣԼеֵãϸӦûΣգֻֻܵȡ
ϸ֡
һֵصǺͳ̫ӼеᣬⱲӳֵĿԺֻܴŻð±ɵ̬ҲȥǧҪϸ
Ϊá
ͬͬĸϳة׽ˣ

891 ֻ

891 ֻ
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ֻε֮£ةǵݵӰĳ֣һֵͬġС
һֻ
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ݷĿ𾪵ĿةߵǸֻ
ҪԼǰһһģһʵֻݷ㶼ةǴֻȥ渰ˣŮǲŸոմл
Ϸʲô£
ةߵǸˣģ
ݷסʣĿֻϣֻֻûаֵľȣü仹¶żɵ̬
֪ôһ˵Ĵڣ
ŲŻôǣ˭

ˣỹðɣûбΪѣ
ֻȲӭǰЦةĸ첲ϸһֻ̣ȸԾģϸϻû̫ıʣȻֻãȻȥϸˣ
ةЩ
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ֻѹԼĸˣɻĿϸ꣺ôҳһ
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ֻûһֱ׷ʣةһ
ϸӴŴ򿪣ֻһʼбĪĻʼյͷȥĿ⿴ֻ
ֻһһ͸¶ҹķ緶ʵϹֽԼصʱϸһģһȴʼûмĲԲฮǧִСĽݣһ桭
Բλĸоˡ
Ǽٵġ
ٵվȲģûֻô߹û۰ԼĸףûСһҡ
ĪģϸֻԼ۵һ·ةൽ鷿ϸѹ
鷿ʣٻɫӳةǵɫͫףͷ͵ļ͵ϸ꣬±ͬˮһӳةǰɵЩϮͷ
ͻʱĳϿ·ֻףһ飬ʱة࣬ΪԸһУԼ׷볯ΪٵĻᡣ
ةзſɬԺлŹȥʱȴǻĽңȵֵʱѾǶһϺõľɵĻᣬȻЩ¾ˣܿóةǸİϧġ
Ỻ򿪡
ֻеŮӳǰŮֻƵòü֮ȴֻûе䣬ǹ䣬ƺһ㣬ƺһ䵭ˡ
ʵϣҲȷ֤ˣԴκ鶼ǵģҲκһͶĸ飬ˣͲа顣
ֻǿŻϵŮӣһվԭػ䣬ةǰǶҸʱʱлǻҸЦ⡣
ѩس
ѩ棬һΪ֮⣬ĶǣʲôûУʲôûôѩУһȴף·ѩʢѩһ㣬߽Ľʱڵةһġ
ֻ׸һŮһĴڣĶ뵽ة˵ǰ
ةཫ׾жֻ׵İĽҲԽԽةʮֵϧֻȴ˵ةûмЦӣʼնǰ䵭Į
ɼˣةҲϧ
µֻ׿ʲôѵ飬ʲô޷ڵ֮һ˾ŮӺιûκˣûκݣһ˹ѩС
Ը˵ةҲǿȣ㹻ģԸȡ
ԸһеİȥֻףʱһУֻ׿ԼĺãӶԼ߽
ʱֻةΣһСǻ´˵Ρ
ϧ
ϧһöֻ֮
ʧˡ
Ǹֻһĸͬóʧةֻߵʱһֽ˵ǻԼĶ飬ӴԺ͵ѾˣҪȥҪֻһõĴڡ
ة಻ʵ˷ĶһеֶҪȥϸѰһϧ
ֻĺ˼һ㣬׵ʧةͺ񵱳ĳһ㣬ף

892 

892  
ةӲԸѡ
ȱ֪ݲôѰ뵽⣬ةǲԾɢŨŨˣ˼ŸȾһԲԱϸҲһѹ
֡ةࡣ
Բ𡣡
ҲŮС㣬пԵģҪƭģҡ
ڱ˵ǰة緢ӸλǴʱ˿̣ϸУةֻǸ۰ԼŮĸף˶ѡ
˵ЩܿǻԻС˺ģûа취Ӷµʱͱ˴԰ҪţҪúõĻžһҪ򣬵ȴֻ޾ĥ
ȥʱϸһǾԼˣֻҪӽֵĻѧϰֻһһһһͿԣհÿɫ
ѧĺˣܿҲʹ˷ϸ֦Լٵġ
Ķۣϸ겻ûĽֻʱ򣬶Ҫȡֻͷֱ죬֪ʲôдش
ԲĶԲة࣡
ǽ¸ôģҲô㡭
ϸۿ˫ֲֵĽŪԼ½ǣĲȥֱة˫˵˫޵ݡ
ɲةȴûĻһ㣬йֵ𱸣СĿڣĿɫڴʵ𣿡


ʲô˼
ϸɻĿة࣬̽Եţة࡭˵˭
ةЩʣô꣬㶼ôģ
һ䣬ϸˣǰļ䣬һ˫峺˫Щʧʹࣺҡ֮ǰҶڴ԰ȹġ
ةŻְˮ˫Ŀ𾪣ͻȻϸĻĲԾ
ǴϸһߵģôϸӦǸһģϸȴ͵˴԰
˵ܲˣ
һĸףǶȻĿԼܿģ
ةþõסˡ
ɫ֮еıԽŨأһӾ̱ϡ
ԽǹԽԽ˱äĿٻةһǸˣʵڿϳֵϸʱة͸뵽һϵ
ֻȴˡ
˵Ըȥʵʼնӱܡ
ˡ
ѹôҲ
ةʣеˮʱģߡ
һʼҾ֪ڹԼڶһЩˣһ˹Ҳ˵ܵĺܺãûбҵܱҵ
úõĻţֻҿĵطѣžͺãžͺã·ֿҵҲǸ˵ġ
ة̧ͷ˲Ѿݺᡣ
ϸ걻ةģͷӦŵˣŵǰҪȥοһة࣬ȴ޴ӿڣ֪ة྿ΪʲôŻôѹģ֡
ةֻһζĳڱ֮С
˭˭Ϊİ˲һеŬ
ֻ֪⣬ܺԼ䣬ǼˣةҲԸ⸶һӵĿȥϲֻ
뿪Լ֮ةҲΪҪҵӰ
ϧ
ֻȴıԼòĶһĨɱةеϣ
Ƕʱة༸뻼ûʧĳ̶ȣǷϣ£ֻĿӾԨ˳ʣµģֻǸججܸɵةࡣ
ةļ尾ţӱ˵ң߻һŮڣһﻹԼ˺ۼԼߣвѵĿԱҪ뿪ԼΪԼãΪպõԲŬ
֮ةŻὫԼȫ鶼עֻϣ޲ýһõĶֻʵǣةڱķɢԼעԼ
ģùܶ࡭ةҲԼ״¿ʼĿڳ֮УһΡ
Ȼôꡣ
˷ǣĲ
ةһֱΪֻĵطŻúúõţȻ
Ѿˣ
ة˵ģ˿˲ʮ꣬һӻôةļ֡ԭЩ鲢˾ͿԶ֮С
վǻѵġ
ʵôпᣬҲҪԣ׶֮ʹҲҪܡ

893 㸸

893 㸸
ة໺̧ͷĿ⸴ӵĿһԵŵϸꡣ
ϸҲ̽ŵĿڣة࣬㻹𣿡
ոôˣ
˵ġǸ˭
ةĪЩϸ˵ĺͿˣ֪ةྭʲô飬֪ةǱ˵ǴӺζѵΪԼ
Լû˵ʲô̼ةĻ
ϸ˼⡣
ة˲۽ǵۡ
ʵڿϸʱҲǼġ
ƽźʧȥֻǸճͷֿŮ˵İ¼ϸ꣬ʧȥŮʧã
Ҳûʲôźˣ
ةѾʵȴǱһ˿Ļ뿴ϸ꣺ӣʲô֣
ϸͷԹԵĻش𣺡ϸꡣ
ŴԲһ㣬ةǽ֮Կοࡣ
ӣ֪˭𣿡
ϸ겻ة˼ʵĻش𣺡ة࣬ϸ֪ģϸĲǹҪƭģةǸˣ
ϸıʱةȴǼᶨҡҡͷӣ¡
ӹҲҪ˺㣬ֻҪһЩ飬ҪȷһЩ飡
ϸϱרעةͬ棺ϸ꣬Իһס

Իһס
ϸة仰֮ͫ΢ţ𾪵Ŀة࣬һûܷӦ
ס
ة⻰ʲô˼
ةŮ
ʵ֪ԼòฮǧСֻһģһʱϸҲ룬תһ롭ҪҲةฮСĻΪôة඼ҹԼûةฮһλСϢ
ĵֻɣ
Լ޸ĸĹ¶Ϊֻ񣬽˶ѡ
ѧϰֻһһʱϸÿ춼ԼԼǼٵģҪͶ̫ĸ飬ýڱ˶˴԰ʱ̫Ǳڡ
ةྐྵȻ˵һס
ϸжε飬ϸ΢΢Ӳ֡ة࡭ĪڿЦɣ
ǲةԼװıŮݣ˵˺ŮĻةŻˣҪԼԼĸףԼ˵˼ʱٺݺݵԼˤ
ֳͷϵĥҪӵĲпᣬϸҲ˲ʱ׷죡
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ôܿˡ
ϸôڴ԰ӣةٶʣҪǵûзһֱȥϸҲװ׵ôĿ࣬׵Ĳְ
Ժڵߣ㱻۸ˣ
ةΣϸÿǷϸȴԭأةģ˵ѣҡҲš
Ϊʲôô궼ҹң
ةҪǰȥһϸֲ꣬һôǷȱϸĸϸȴŲˣˮۿĿةࡣ
ҪԼĸף
Ϊô궼ûҹԼ
ԺգȨة࣬ŮֻҪȫİհæѰңԼҲͲڴ԰ôĿˣûУ
ة಻ֻǴûҹԼة໹δƹԼһŮֻһһĶֻã֣֮
ûйܹԼںԼĴڣ
ֻڿˣԼ˵Լĸףһ
ϸ겻ԸţԸܣ
ԸԼ޸ĸĹ¶ǲѲ䵽˴԰
ϸ꣬ة絶ʣᵽϸѹ飬ϸꡣ
԰ʲôطة಻Ҳ׵ģŮȫΪֺþеȨѵģ
ϸֻ˫ãֻةฮģϸȴܾ˿˵ҲʶСةģ۵ĺѡ
ة໺ԼеĻ̯ϸǰ
ۿл䣬ϸ㵵ĿŻϵˣǺԼ߷Ƶò
˵ֻֻżȻĻôǰŮˡ
ͯʱڵļԼԺֻǵʱ̫Сʱ꣬ܶ鶼ǵˣǿǻϵŮˣҲֻԼڼиµֱϸ꣬ǰˣĸס
ϲԵ޹ʵһģһˣܻһλ߷ĳߡ
Ϫ̫ӿԶ֪ûˮֽţϸѪҲةںһΪǱŮ
ϸ겻ҪװǻʵةฮС㣡

894 ûǹ

894 ûǹ
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Ϊʲô
ϸΪ΢΢ة׿˵Ļ֮һĳ̶ȣٵСˣ֪Լ֮󶼻˵ķӦ
ܾһпةȴֻٰǻͬģΪʲôȴҪ˴Ĳ࣬ϸҪΪฮǧжãʵԼǰʱϸȴֻѹ
ةȴòѵĿڣϸ꣬˵ģ
ǵǲ֮뿪ˣһֽҪҺúõĴĽ㣬Ҫ֪ĴڣҲȥҪҵǡϧıܿ
ة˫Ѫ˿ʹĿϸ꣺ûҪ㡣
ٷֿЩкǣ
Ϊǻܺõһֻһûž۶ѡ
˵ةҲ˱ĳ̶ȡ
ʱֻȴȻƿ˷ţģˣűǼ΢᣺á
ةû뵽ֻʱæĲԼ۽ǵˮֻֻͣȴȻЦЦתοة࣬ǵĻŮˣŮȴǹҪ͵ģֻżҪ֪ǲҵá
ةྪȵĿֻ
㡭
㶼֪ˣ
һֱֻֻô֪ģ
ֻȴݸһЦţ֪ˡ
ڼǰ֪ˣ
ʱѹʱ򣬱ǻһ͵͵鷿Ҫ֪ΪʲôѹԱ͵͵˵ĶǻеŮӡҼ
ֻʵûģҪԼһĽͣΪʲôԼ֪ϸĴڣҲΪ˸õİϸةֻ࣬ô˵ôҵﶼˡ
Ҳ£֮ÿ궼һʱѹΪ׵ɣ
Ҳ˼ף
ةǸж
ΪԼôҽζúܺãʵֻ֪ȴһֱʹԼΪ˵ԼԼ¡
ֻЦЦŮ֪ġ
вѵĿԵģ¼ûиĸԸⶪԼ⡣
ϸ꣬ô꣬Ȼϲȴʼնûǹ㣬ʼնĴڵġ
ֻ֣зŵССһö˿ǴСҴģҲһݡ
кܶ࣬ǼҵĲֿ⣬Щ׼ʲôҲͬĵĸ׼һݣһֱڴطӡ
ϸ꣬Ҫֵ
ʵǹƽģͺҲСûмһȻҲǴСûмҵȴҲеİ㣬ֻϣײô˿֮࣬Ե˺ãֻΪϣû׵ǷݸҲһͬң
ʱҲ룬Ҫ׻ĻطĳʲôһúϧԳлϥµӣ֮ǰôʧʱ
ϸ꣬˻ŲֻȥҪδһᣬҲٸԼһᣬõúõĲ㣬֮ʧʮ길Ů鶼
ֻ˵ֿϸ˫ֲŵĴֻнӹССۿеˮԽԽףֻǵʹࣺ
㡭㡭

ة༤˵Ľϸ걧ڻУڡ
Ժû۸㣡
ϸصĵͷֻҲظһ˽һ׮ˣϸƴֱ֮⣬ʣģֻҪҸѰҵƴϹƳĸƣڵĶôһֻĵҲֵˣ
ةϸ길Ů˿˺һֻŻڣϸһ·Ͽ˲ٿ࣬׼ϴѣϢһϰɣʲô˵
ϺòһᣬֻиҪة࣬ʱ´ٿҪˣ
Ҳã
ة˲۽ǵۣĿִȰĿϸ꣺ϸ꣬˵ĶԣҲȷһˣҲܵ˲СľţȻȥԡºúϢһϣʲôٺ͵˵
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ϸɵĵͷ̤ŵʱһĿ鷿ةֻ
˵ĶԣǰҲεģĲԼԽҲ֪飬ûҪǰ˵ôЩ

895 

895 
ȻǰӺֵܿ࣬ø˵ǣһ˵һ˽㣬һ˼ңԺһ˿Ҹһˡ
ҲСĻţСΪȥֺñˣ
ϸ߸˵뿪鷿ڵֻȴɫصĿĿ˵ةࣺ
ة໺̧ͷ
鷿ڵٻɫ͵ֻϣϡ
ϸֻһģһǺǵ߷񣬿Ҫֳߵ͵ĻֻҪ񼸷֣ϸ̫СüۼĿ˳ᣬֻ꣬峺ٵ˫ĿԽļ㣬ҲŸеĹҺͼ
ԼŮվԼǰһʱ֮ة޸пкܶ໰Ҫֻ˵Щȴֱ˻ȥ֪Ӻοڡ

ãֻȴ˳Ĭةࡣ
ة಻ŵ̾һ˳ԣ֪
ةֻ֪֪˵ʲôʲôӱܸ⣬ЩⲢةװûзĲЩʹ˵ûоûеģ
綼ҪԵһ죬綼̹׵һ죬ǰֻСܶҪǺ˵˷ӰĳɳټԼﲻԸȥǴʹƭֻ˵Ѿȥ񡭡
ةţֻᴦЩģȨ֪һࡣ
ڻĹˡ
ϸ˵ЩֻˣةҲûҪظһ飬ֻѯԼĵʱةõĽˣڡ֪ϸڴ԰֮ةȷ
ǺµĻѹ뾹һ
ةɳƵ΢΢Щ͸ֻ˫峺ˮ˫ܿӰһ㣺һֱأżȻģºҲҪòȴտڲԣÿÿʵݵʱɫʹ࣬ö֮ҲǸͷҵ߾С
ΪǻһֱҸȥǲ롭
ϸ֮ȴͻȻˣףʲôû£Ψ
Ψ
ة˵ʱ򣬻ң֮䣬ѾǶһ֮ϡ
ǵ꣬ߵʱģةһֱţСֻ֣Ūˣ˼ļС
ةཫ͵ֻǰֻ֣صĴةнӹǰϸĶꡣ
ϵŵĻأֻһȴѿﾫտ幤Сһо壬ֻüĽϸָָĦͻȻ
ֻɫ˱䡣
ڱеةǿֻķӦŽŵʵôˣ
Ƿʲô𣿡
ة಻ûǲҪߵĻֱдֲǺܼ𣿺αҪһһߵĽЩٱĻ˳ةȴôʲôߣֻա
񿴵ֻϵı飬ةԭˮٶȽȽϣڴֻ
ֻصĵͷġ
Ĺ⣬ֻԼĹ֮޸ةҲֻΪ˱Щ˭˵ã޴֤飬һֻȴƶġ
ϾԼʮ»̥Ĺ⣬ҪߣǶة޾ȴܶŮܲˣһݶԸ棡
һһʲôԼݣĳһĸŮŻطĻᣡ
һģ
ֻҲЩ
еǰǸδıＸûʲôӡҲǸź
ڶʮһͣҲͬĸһֻĸĿеĸ飬ǿԣؾۣһ֣֮лϥ£㡭ܿܳҲһҪ飬Ȼﱨ𡭡
ܲô׵뿪
ֻڱ֮ᣬһЩҩĵζӦҩ֭ݹģѵѵ滹ʲôַ
ǸҽҩУҲֶᷢߣةʮʱ߶ûܷ֣Ҳڳ֮ˣ
ҵȥ׼һЩˮ
ﵱ뿪Ϣģ
ֻµϱ龪ϲةͬĿⷢ

896 

896  
Ů˺ܿıһˮֻĽˮ֮Уֻȥ˲䣬ԭտˮͻȻ͸ǳɫԭհ׵ĵطֳ֡
ֻпϲóȻǵЦ⻹δãڿֳֵʱӲϡ
ǡ

ϡ
ţ
ֻĲɵÿһ̫Уֻʵ̫ۣܹĹ֮ձ֮٣ûУɢһЩҲһЩͨɽҰ񣬶ǰ׵ˣ̫ƽ
ȻȻģֻ뵽š
ﾹȻŵˣ
ѹˣ
֮ǰһֱҲԽ͵ͨˡ
ΪһصĴڣû֪ǵҲû֪ƶ˵ʵĿģֻŵ˽Ҳ֮ٵĿֻԼ֪ŵĲͬѰ֪֮Ǹڶĵط
Ӧϼλʲô飬Żᱻ׷ɱѩбĵϸ뿪ҲӦǶŵ׷ɱ
ֻȷڶš
ݷǱҵͯ꣬ƴϵĹƳ棬ֻʵǶǸûм棬ûӴûʲôӡ
Ȼŵˡһֻû뵽顭
עнⲻԵˣ
ݷ㻹ƴǻֻ綼Ҫȥһţ
ֻʶĽ߬ģֻֻ֣˵ȴ㹻ˣ㹻ֻ˳ϲ鵽﾿ʲôݣкγԹˣ
ةȴֻ֪ռ֮ǰЩֻĿֻвظ֣𡭡
Ӧְɡ
ͷһأ
ֺģ
˵ةҲЩ˼ƵϾȻԾ¶˼ֺߵЦݣͺڵ֪ԼĽŮӵĹһ㣬ֻԼǰĹտڲ̸Ҫ˵ةˣ
ԴةһֱĴźû뵽֮Ȼҵ֪֣Ҳȴһ׮Ըˣ
ǣֻһ֣Ҫ׷䣬ҲǴ밡
ةϼûʲô˽⣬Ÿǲ֪ģԲŻֵֻ֪ʱѡ
ֻةı飬ɵЦЦЦз᣺֣ԭ͸ߵˣ
Ȼة˵ĺ٣ǼԼǰ𣬿ǹ⿴ةԼĸ飬ֻ֪һǰģֻǡ̬ȣӦǡ̫ϲɡ
ֻŻһ˱΢ôȴֶ֪ݳ޵飬֪ǸԵǵĺһ㣬Цš
ˣˣӦúõϢˣԺ׷ͽɣһõ֪׵ȫ飬һҴӴ˲κεź
Ӱ΢Щŵةֻ࣬˫Ŀۡ
ةǺοǺθ飬ֻУة඼Ҫ֮һ𾴣۵ĸףôȻûиܵĸةΪȴǽеİĸ׸еһݡ
ˣ˳еεةˣҲʱúõϢϢԼչ˺ةˣ
ﲻϲҪԶվةԶĺŮһ㹻ˣ

ֻûйԼ˵οĻةԭֹסһ̲סݺʵĿֻصĵ˵ͷһ˲ةĲ˺ܶ࣡
ҩС
ֻǰĲ֮󣬱㽫Žգҩ̣Ѿһ۵ľѵصĵطϾʱ򣬻ƴҪʱֻԼ
ǰĨ֥ӰֻЦЦƣƴá
ڼڿƴǵʱֻһֱڴƴϵı顣
ǸֽˣѾֻֻδ֪֪ͻȻֵϸ٣Ҳ˵飬ҲҪͬƴǽһġ
ǻ໥֮Ρ
ȻˣֻҪֻ˵ƴǱͬ⡣
»ҩƵˣ
ƴңֻûֱӽ⣬˸㣬תʵҩ
ϹĻھֻ£Ҳζƴ׼ʱҲֻ£ҩоǼС£һҪץжϵƴǵδ

897 ʵ

897 ʵ
˳
ֻнӹɱװŵȲ裬ƴǴ˴һ£ûĻش𣺡Щҩ㣬֮Ʋͼеĺ˳ֻǡ
ƴǻ²豭ͳ΢΢һ٣ֻǻΪʲôܾкܶܣҿأ
ƴΪԼһˣ۹ҲܶȫǺܾ׼ˣΨһ⡣
Ǿֻ
ֻϣƺһһܣңÿƴǶΪֻ̹ʱֻܳ䲻ðµƴ𾪴㵵顣
ǲΣǲΣƴǱ㲻ô̹ϵĳֻǰԼɻ׳ˣǡǡΪΣƴǲŻԣŻҪֻĽ͡
ֻȻƴǵ˼ظЦЦ
ƴҪǲʣֻţᵣľοڲƴԼòײźƴǽĹϵͻȻֻҲǺκܵĵġ
ڡ
ƴ㣬ڸֻһǶ裬ֻҲܰĵĺһȲ裬ƴǽ͡
֪Ƕ֣ΪʲôҲûȥᣬǰҲûкͽ½Ӵ̫࣬ȴδ֪֪ϼֻһģһˣҡһǧ˴ةฮ
ƴ̹ϣֻûѣƴǣ֪ھǰȿҩ֮ǰ࣬Ҽķŵģ
ƴü˵ͷ
֪ƴǻ⻳ɹͼڿƺǱģ
ϳֵģҳһģһŮˣҵ˫ãϸ꣡
ֻ촽΢ƴ΢΢µ񻺻ڣһżȻĻᣬҴӵ֪һ˫ôڵģֻΪһЩͻȻ뿪ΪչңһѻŶ
֪֮ȴǼǹúǸûмףšķ
ֻ峺˵ʱϵı档
ԽʱֻеȷǼǹƴϵĶģҲΪ˽⿪ƴϵĶ˺ܶŬоͰķҪԼһȻƴԼ
ɡĿĲȫ
һҪѰϸꡣ
˻ţ鰮֮УԴֻ鰮ᱻ鰮äĿ޷ƵĿܣֻһһԲ뷨
ķҪԼ෽ҽʱõĴڡ
Ͼ
Ͼ׵ŮˣǳʲôطעģңΪǰξֻ֪ϸ԰ǱϹˣǡ
ȴһͱʾϸСͱ˴԰ģǴӶ෽תֻ֣ǰ·봺԰ҪԼһҵϸ꣬Ҳϸһ࣬ǼҲһžˣ
ϧֻ꣬ȴ߱˴ϱҲ˼һ棬ۼϸֵʱҪˣ֮£ֻֻܷķ뷨תصǡ
صǰһϸĴ԰
ȻֻվһȥʱϸѾˣҴ߶ա
һж
ֻòգұϹߵǶʱ䣬ϸǲίģǱڴ԰ʱãˣֻһֱȣȵ̫ǰȵϹϸԸϹ
ԡ
ֻڻἱ뿪ȥɽƻҩʱ򣬴Ҵ»ƴǣƴǲҪżΪ
ֻƴǲŻὫƺõĻҩ͵ƴǵǰƴǲŻὫҩһԼļƻ֮ڣΪֻƴǵֻֻǧϴϸ
򡭡
ֻƴǴҴ˾ּ̫ߣϹϸųݺϹ֮ٽ˴ֻּ߲ϸˣ
ݺϹ֮ϸꡭֻͲұ֤ǻʲôˣ
ԭһ𣬲ڵľ棡
ԡ
ƴֹĴ΢΢ţųɽ˫䣺ķҲΪѰ˫á
ֻ˵ͷԡ
֮ǰѾ鵽һЩһǰҵãϧ
һչǲһ㣬Һñˣ
֪ǱĳһˣݹЩϸǺҳһģһȤˡϹռ˴룬̫ӳһõĴѹĻᣬԡֻݸЦЦڵ˫ĿЩֵƤĳƴգգ۾ԣҲ¼Ǹϸĺûᣬǽǰװ׻ؽ

898 һֱ߰ɣ

898 һֱ߰ɣ
ûǰļ䣬ҪϹϲµϸҲѣϾԼϹų޵ˣֻϹôˡ
ϸ˻ȥչԼ;ģԸԼҪȥԸϹ
ƴжʱʣֵֻΪҲûʲôɻĵطȻЦЦġ
ǣ
ƴǵĿޣֻҲƴǣݸ˹˻ȴɫصĿƴǣϸѾӻصةฮˣǲõϹʲôڣֻƴǡô
еǰƴǶϪ̫ӵݻص˳ʱƴǻ˵Ĺ켣ѾȫֻԿƵˣ˸ǣδ֪ãȻǣ
óֻĵģƴǰֻ˫ģƴǵ˫Ϊϰָָ΢ĥ˼ӣĵȰֻֻĪĵġ
һֱߵİɣ
ֻ΢΢񣬴æ̧֮ͷ⧲ı㿴ƴĿ΢΢ʪ⣬ǰδеۺ͹¼š
ԭƴŰԼĸʺĸůļңɳϦ֮㸲ҲʧȥļˣԼһ·ô࣬ò׳жķĽԼƴǵ棬ԼֻǵϲˣǱˡ
ƴǸԴǱˣϲĳ̶ȺȴҲ治˵黰ֻܸܵƴǵģ㹻ˡ
һᣡ
Ǻԥģֻֽƴǵֽһ𣬾ɫϻ¶һĨЦ⣬ɲǼﾡʧ
º
Ϲһīɫ߽ۣüӥĿ䣬һɫԵƸ䣬°ɫսݣյĻ֮£žӻĳ˳š
ѹӭȢŵʱˣǸϲĸ˵ӣϧȴأֵЦݡ
ƺƵĳ˳š
ϹǰֻǸƴں
µʱ䣬ƴһֱΪⳡս׼˸Ӵ»ҩʱʱϹڱжʹĳ̫Ϫ
ƴ踺ݷô꣬ȵľһա
ȻֻǸ˼ǳغһӣǶƴ˵ȴһ·;
ֻƴǵԱߣĴƴǵ˫֣ʾĪҪ̫ˣƴǱ΢΢ţһеֻЦЦͬӦֻû¡
ƴ˵ֻȴףƴǲû¡
˱ѣĿŸĸɥԼǰֵ飬ʱ꣬Ƕƴ˵˺ûбʱĥƽԶΪĿڴ޷ϵĴˡ
ֻʲôЩοĻ˭˵ֻʹԼϲŻѹģ顣
ʱĻͼѣֱҹʱ֣һи·ĳӲذӵԱפڣмһֺˮļˮԶԶıˡ
ӣ
ǧǰųڵƴǹ˵ӣҪҹӹӣͣЪϢһҹ̣
ͣһҹɣԸȥӽĪ⣡
ƴǽü΢΢ţĿڡ
ǣף
ǧӰ뿪
ƴƿĳ̧ͷ֮ѾҹĻڣ·һ̨Ũīһ㣬ĻϡɵĹĻϣ˸΢Ĺ
ҹ
עǸƽҹ
һпƽֻܴǷӿ֮еͰŵķ粨
ҪһӲҪˣ
Ȼ£Ϲǲ˾ӭ׶飬ɱϾȥ̣еʿվֻһٲ֣۱򣬲ɽһǣƴһǰУ̶ֻѨûʲô
ǰϪ̫ӵĻ񣬺滹ҪʱϹûжڱֽţʵЩ
ƴǻֻ֣˱ȥ˺ӪЪϢƴֻƴĨӰۡ
ܻһսʱһڰб㣬һҪעԼİȫ֪𣡡
ƴǲĵĶ֪ԼĴֻ֮ȻȻ˵ҪԼһ飬ƴǵȻҲǹֻİΣڿֻľȴľܾ
ͬһǰҲãֻҽҪʱܻƴǺܴæЩҲֻƳģƴǲΪֻǸֻۣǵֻᱻˡ

899 һ

899 һ
һֱѺõİȴǳս´Ԫ֮⣬ǰļĺѲϵ൱һȻϣҪӱ㲻ϢƱҪһע⣬ǿ˶Էľ⣬ͳ½սӣˮս˵һֵ飬ԡ
֮£òѺõദһžѹֱѸٵĻжԷҪ޴ʱ䣬ʱ򲻵øܾ˵³ܻܿᱻϷĹŻ̲ˡ
ǽϲͬ
Ϫ̫֪ϹӭȢƱػǰ׼ⰲ׵ҹʵĳһѾ׼˳ʿ
Ϲ˵ҰڻλֻϣϹľ谭ҰĵİʯڳϪ̫ӡ
սݣѾ˲ٵԪѾ㲻Ĺ֮йǿĹˣҲеҪһЩֶԼĹңɣտʼʹʱҪԴֵôദ֮Ϫ̫˺̵ķǸͻȻֵսϹ֮
¼ʹĳˣҲδػֵô෴൱ң뻢ıƤˡ
Ϫ̫ӱ㲻ò˲תĿϹϣֻҪϹʯȥϪ̫Ӿ㲻ڶʱϹԼ׳ƳҲƱػ̵ĺô
֮ǰϣûҵϹİѱµʱ䣬ȻһֱǲɱϹȴҲʧˣȻڡ
ϹһٲʿǰȥӭȢ·ϣϪ̫ӺϹĻᣬ˭״
İɣƴǣҪʲôʹ󵨵ȥù˼ңҪæģҪĺȣ
ֻĵΪ˷жѾװٶԽӵݳ֣ƴ׼ͻҩʱֻͬûţԼҽƵ˽˵Ĳҩҽҩ֮㹻ǲľֻ࣬Ƴ˺ܶɺҩҩ
׼£ĸҲǲ˺ģ˯֮޷Ҫ
ֻץƴǵ䣬нһЩҩƴǵУҲҪСģҵ
ƴ΢΢Ц˳ã
ӪĻ£ֻϨ𣬽Լڽ䣬ĿӰζҹ˼֣֮䰲ӪһʿӰͻȻϢĵ¡
ֻֻ٣ĿҪɤһ㡣
ʼˡ
Ϫ̫ӺϹİôͿʼˣ
ܿı㴫˳ԭ˯ŵʿЩ˳֮˲ѹΪһ£֥ӰվڶʿǰĴӴм֡
һ
ɱ
ǧ֮Ӫɱ죬⽣Ӱ֮¸ǵѪӿֻܶӪ棬ʼػֻֻȻ˸ơ
ֻĵͷҰȴŬʹԼ£ȥƴǺǧɣǣû£
ںֻ̻¶֮ƴҲǧµͬԼ˵ˣȽ֮£ֻǺ׷ֵó˵Ĳġ
ԥҡͷ˵ˣҪСġ
û¡
һῴǵĿ겻ϣܶעⲻңƴǺаµİΣҪҪ
ֻɫǡ
ǵЩǰɱİ˺ƴǺϹ˵Ĳƴǵʵֻһ˴гʱ򱾾ʹŵʿ࣬ӭ׹ȥģǲ̫˸ĻضȥᱻɾҪ̻ҪӭȢ
ҪսʱЩʿ˻࣬ܲܵȥ˳ľʣͷ⼸˰ɣ
ƳͻҩҲҪʿڲʹõģлҩҲûȥʹ
ҪıҪĽս
ǡðɣ
С㣬һҪעԼİȫĶ㲻µģ
ԥ˲֮Ҳֻͬ飬Ⱥ˵ĿϹƴǵϣѹûֻװСƣۼԼӺ͸綼սȴʲôֻһԶԶţװ˷һֲ˵µҲʵżֻһٴߴ٣վǺĵĶ֮ޱߵҹɫ֮Уս
ͬڰϹһɫۣĵ顣

900 Ҫѿ

900 Ҫѿ
ҹϹ࣬ЩĿϹү֪Щʲôãɱа£ΪλҪǲ˹ȥ
аϹ书ǿ־ƣб̺УԼߣϹǲЩȻҲǾģҪЩսɳսϹŵѪʿ˵ûʲôƵģҪԼ
ϾôЩİҲҪʱ;ģôװ׵˷ʵϧ
ϹĿģĴȴ΢΢һĨȣõĿҹ䣺ҹ䣬һ㲻ˣ
Ȼ֪ЩɱϹɱˣһһЩͬҲǺõģ
֮ǰһֱҹ̷ԼߣϹҹĴڣҹϹҹ㣬ʱ̴߿鲻˵ҹĿҲҹԶܶʱܿϹĴ㣬ϹҲͬҹ͡
ϹȻ֪ϹʵģҲΪˣлڻϵǰϹӭȢܴ̫ʿȥϾ֮ǰʤսǰ˭ﶼġ
ȡļ㣬ûиϹǲˡ
ϹʵҲǲСģϹϪ̫˶ġ
Ҫֱɱµʱɱ˰ٶˣϧȴÿζ޹ɱɣ˱̶ֻƻǱѡġ
Ҵһ·ϵ·;һһİǲȥ£Ϲ߾ôˣһɱһЩ˳ʱҲûʣ¶ˣ
ϹԸ߰ǾԲᾩ֧ԮģҲӦȥʲôЦ
Ϲ˳ǻϪ̫Ӵã
վ٣Ϲ书ǿžƣûпԲǲˣƾٴı¶ֻԣ
ҪǵǸʱϪ̫ӻòϹƴ̫Ҳټ̫֮λҰĵҪռıˣϹҲԪԼʧһЩûʲôôİˣ
Ϲּɣ
ԭˣҹ˻Ȼ򣬿ϹҲǶ˼̽ʵƽĶۣϹһλϸĺûӣȫ̷ϵŵ㣬ûϹ֮ǰϹҲװ˻ϵºô꣬ҲԼ۹ͰµһļƵģ
ֻϧ¶±ȽϣûϹ֮ǰϹģϹĴڣеϹ޹⣬书ϹıȽ֮Եô΢ļıҲϹӰ֮ԵôЦǳ
һڸߴʱˣǽܲͻȻĵġ
ϹܲϹͻȻҲڵģζ֮£ϹһһͻԼĵߣһһεԭ˵ʲôΥĵ飬ڡ
ͨѹĳ̶ȣ
ȻĲԣΪ˱Լͼñ˺ãĻҪгԼˣǡҪûϹĻ׼ȷ˵ҪûƴǼٰһֵַϹĻϹҲһλûʵۡ
ʣϹԸҪʺɢүԼϲãϲϹǶԻλģϲŪȨ
Ϲûע⵽ҹֻһĽĿڲԶս֮УиЩˣҪ˶áǸµϹٹĹϣԼûаϵӽĳãҲԼһҶδĻλҲֻԼˣ
Ϲŵʱ̫ˣõϹúһʯͷһֱѹԼһ㣬Ǻˣǿһˣ
Ӱߡ
µļ룬ⳡɱĽ
ŵڵϵľ߾ʬ壬ǧȴüǵĿͻȻֵ£ǳӲ㱣ôСİΣ𣿡
ôˣ
ЩֵһᣬǧѾ˶Ըľˣû̫Ļţǳֿ׼ݣٶȽǰд̵˶ˣǧ֣Щί磬֪ܲӵ𣿡
ֻǴСȷû£ҽһصĵطͲ˷ֵģҹҲǴСһٵĿҹģܾܲһԿϷĿսɣ
ǧĿҲ˼ɻˣһοɲôˣ
Ҳ֪СķҪǴС£ܳܵģ֪𣡡
ƴǶֻĸҶĿõģΪ׽ƴǵǧȻףֻǰǽ壬һ˺ܶƴǵæ˽ǧҲԸӺֻ֣ǿֻ

901 ³ɺ

901 ³ɺ
ֻúõĻţƴ˵һ־Уƴ޺֮ǵȥΪƴ֪ߵʲô̶ȣߵ߶һֻڵԼ
Īİ֧ƴǰĶ
ֻʲô⡭ƴǵĴǸأ
ƴڵǡҲܽ뿪Լˣ
±ǧЩε֪˸磬ȥС
ǧ˵ͷȥɣ
ԶϹǲİɥرǴߵģǼӪʷͻȻ߳ӰֻɻĶסŲǡ
ҹ˳ϹĿȥаߵǧ
ȷǣ
ʱ߱ţһ˳ʲô
ԭ˫սҵϹҲûע⵽Ķ˭սѾӪǱҲˣͻȻֵ±۵ĴڣΪǧһģһҲ㱻Ϲϳǧӣ
ϹǧһһһһкܿǴϹģ
òӣ
Ϲ뿪»صԭز䣬ȴһֱƶ

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ֻǺةฮϵУȻϹ᣿
ϹǰȥӭȢҪһ·ҽ
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СӾȻҺͱģ
ϹͷĿˣտʼϹԽֻдɻԼʲôط˽ӣŻõҽƵĽξԼ⣬ةฮ˽ӡ
ΪةฮԼıѣڡ
Ȼֿ˽ӺϹһ
ð
ǸʿĵԼǸˣϹԼҲͰˣȻҲҲԼϷŪԼ
ŭϹĿڣԶԶŽǵĿҲ˼֣ҹ䣬Ըȥ
֮еİɱǧ߻ŵǸȥ
ϹɱɱһҪǻɱĻֱӼԾˣٻǰˣ
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Ϲһ漴˦뿪
ҹ俴ϹȥıӰĵͷǣ
ȷֻȻǧʵһ͵Ӫ֮ڣͬϹһʿҩģæµһеĺ֮ƴ֥ӰӪ⡣
˯𣿡
ֻӪʣɾһĨЦݵĽƴ˽ȥûС
ƴȴֻܾҹɫָһ·æһ죬ӦڴֻϢˣֻЩƴǲ׿˵Ļ浣ֻİΣ
ֻǸտʼ֮İɱһһǶɺӵʱؼģʱҿܻϾ˼㣬һҪС££
вСѾŹϪ̫ӵǲʱǿҪ볯ĳˡ
ϪϹ̫빬߱˲࣬Ϫ̫ȴԼκεʱֻǸʣµʿפǸƴǽɶһĶǵѪս
ݷ书ǿǧµĿ̫ϹߵȥĶǻɵģͻȻϹ߶˷ǧ֮⣬ƴǿε˲࣬ؼʱֻ̣㽫ݷƼƴǡ
书ߵ˵ݷδػǧ²٣ʤһһ̽Ĺ鶯ҲʲôΣա
ڲ롣
Ѿͷֻǲݷǰȥðյģɲƴȴ̬ȼǲϻʲôֻ֪ܰɣϾǰƴǶڲҲûж˵ֻȼŵˡ
ȻƴֻҲþܾ
ãİƴǣĲõңһµģ
ֻƴЦЦƴͬıӦӪĻ£ֻܿ˯׼ӭӵڶս
һҹΡ
ֻоĶѸٵϴװ硣
صĴֻѾǰ׼ˣ಻ʮѴӣڴ׼ɺӵʱֻȴͻȻסƴǣȵƴǡ
е㲻Ծ
ƴǵüĽͣ½ŲĿֻôˣ
ܾе㲻ԾﲻԾȴ˵ȵȵȣٿֻɫء
ƴǵ˵ͷá
һ߶ССĵģɺӵĴֻҲר˼ܰȫģǿֻǰģƴǲòӣͣĵȴֻļ

902 Ļ

902 Ļ
Ǻܰȫȹ̵ģûĵطϴŵˮʳҲܳ㣬ȵһϵеģܰȫɼֻҲɲģŮĳЩĵаɣЩعԱʹֻϹ㱨ʱֻƼת뿪֮˸ŵĿ⣬ܾáûʲô¶
ۼֻѾŴһȦˣȴȷûзʲô쳣ֻƴûʲô׼ʱͻȻ˴쳣ƴǡ
ֻƴǹĿصָŴһţ⡭ЩԾ
ЩѪζģ

ְҵҽԭֻζУ˸
ƴǲ̽һָֻŵķ򣬹ȻɫأǧƴǵɫѸٵķ˴ڴָֻŵķ򣬲һʵ棺ӣ沢ûʲô쳣ĵطһֻԽҽŻᵽһЩѪζ
ǧĻش𣬷뿪ةǰü۵Ľͣλˡ
ֻأҪĳϣЩٴǲ㱻óʹõģôڿܱ֤ⷿѾǺѵõˣһֻֻǳ֮е飡
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ֻмֻûʲôֵģһҺҲڳ֮е飬ƭҡ
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ŵʱֻڴﵽҳԵģҧˡҲʬڷڴע⵽ö֮ͻḯֻͻȻŻᴫѪζ
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ңǹԼ̵ֶЩѪڴ֮ڵģ
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ǡŲ̵ֶνЩɱ˷˴棬ֻôأ
һԵϹɻʳڣǵڣҲû⿴Ų۵ʲôãΪʲôԾ뷨ģֻϹһˣƴü֮Ҳûбɡ
ֻЦĿĵǺĻ
ƽ棬ǣǷڴ棬һٵĻͻŴ⡣
Ҫ˴ɺӣˮ棬ˮߵģ
ˮߺϲѪȵζ˵ıŲʲô⣬ڶȴζļУҪǴֻôʻںϣǻὫˮ߶˹
¿ûʲô⣬˭ܱ֤ˮߵķ񹥻֮£ֻƽµĵﳯ
һЩˮ߽ҧô죿
ʣµĻֻûһһ˵ڳЩȴȫȻ
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ӦֻǾ仰Ļ
ǧԣɵͫ΢ţ֮ǰûᣬھֻôһ˵񡭡ĵȷЩңƴʵ£ǧ񾭣ĵͷ
ԭڼѵةȴǧͷ֮ɫ䣬ŵĨ͵Ҫܡ
ǧٶҪһֱӽةѺӣô죿
ƴǳ˼˼ʱֻȴͻȻ˸ı飺ȼװ֪ϴ
а취
˵˹ڴ棬ϲ𣡾һ𣡡ֻϣҽǼʱɲǰװĥģӦ֮⣬Ҳֻ²ȴϻۡ
ƴǶֻû쳣һ˱水ֻҪôװʲô鶼ûзĿϴʻ˺ӵųȥ
ֻϴеʱϹҹӰٶȳ֣ϹϵıǺá
һΣҵҪϹʲô֮ûʱɺӣ
ϹȻ书ǿͳŵȴǺܿҪɺӽƾΪеģֻг˴֮ǰ½ϣϹİϹİ书ǿǵˮ·أ
û˴ϹԼİȣҪǻϹԪϹĿʰʰǹٹˣ
һҹ۾ϹĻ˵
ڴֻϣֻȴǲŲæĴҩóۻƵƴǵǰˮȻϲѪζҲۻƣֻҪЩۻƷڴ棬ܺܺõĸסѪζЩˮ֮߱ǧ

903 ӵ

903  ӵ
Һҩռ䣬漴㽫ҩĶװȥҲǸࡣ
ϰߣֻʲôطȥ׼еҩĺͳƷڱڿռ֮ڣǡɽȱɽͻĽѵֻ֮ҩ㲻ֻǼĴҩƷˣһЩѻгʳҲᱳһЩб޻
ǱŵȻǸѡö˵ĵⱻƴǷ֣ǻǰһ裬֪ƴǵ߻һλҽ߳ҽֻ
ˮ߹ֻ뷨ǾֻҪǰ˾Ҳ𲻵ʲôõģ
С㣬
ΣµֻҲǳˣ
ԭΪֻĸǶģʲôæﲻƴǣҪԼİȫⲻǰװ˷Լ书ǿİ𣿿ӺԼֳȴܲҲż
û뵽ֻȻ书ȴ쳣ĸ֪⴬ֻϱ˶ֽţƴӹһ٣ټֻ޷ӵҽҪֻҲˣ
ˣ
ֻȻЦЦ
¸߸˵Щۻȥָֻߵʱ򻹲ǺݺݵǷͷةš
˵
֪㲻ǸöŷӵҪǣ
µԸҪǧģ½ϵʱҿԼټӰֺǧͬʱ֣ˮ·ϱ㲻ˣĴһ޼ʵĺˮƾͻȻָҲǹˣټƴǵһҴҲûˣǧ±ͬʱˣ
ֻһЦ˳ԭŵҲǳ׵ı¸ˣվǲ¶
ƴǣǵļƻǵĴֻʻһʱ֮˳ļʱǻٶȽйİɣ
ǰһεĽѵֻĿȾ֮Ҳѧķɿ죺Ƿ⴬ֻĶߣȴöԷ֪Ƿˣ򡭡Ǿͻ
ǧ˼ĿֻС㣬˼ǣҪ
ȻڶԷɾ֮ٸԷһ䲻⣡
ԣ
ֻǧ
Ҫô
ԭϹϪ̫ڰϹƴֻܴڱľ棬ֻ֣һи׳нǳ׽˫λ˸
ڣϹϪ̫Ϲƴڰˣ
ҪֻǼװҪ
ŶԷɾɱʱڷֹȻɱԷһֲԼʧܶ࣡
ƴǿֻ˸⣬ǧȻĵ˵ͷҴС˼ȥɣ
ֻȻûԼʧǴܸԼϲ
һԵϹֻȴ˼Զ;ηԽľԼֻ䣬ֻƴ֥˲ֻܺͷԼķֵõģ
ҲĳףֻƴܵõԼҸ
ǧֵܶ˷ͷж
ֻƴǱڴ֮ڽĵȴš
ۼŴֻܿıʻ˺мλãֻҲռƻٶȣҡ
Ҫʼˣ
ĺӷ紵ƴૣӰȴվοյ񻨴괬߿źӰĳĹϱ׵Ŀ⣬ֻȴһõλã˶׼
书ƽյʱ԰æƴǶһ㾯ܵĹؼʱ̱㽫ԼƴǷģ
ܿģֺۻƵ±ŲҴҵĻص˴֮ڣɫŵĿƴǣӣǴӵĺ治ԶͻȻ˺üС
Ǻӵôֻ
ӵشĵطܵĵؽ磬һ˺ܶɷ֮ͽһۣӱγԼһӵ
Щ˱֮ͽΪ潫ԴڿϵģҪӶǿһӵҲѸٵķչ֯Ҳڲϵ׳󣬺ҲŽڲڵģĹٴûʲô뷨Ҳ֡
ҲǸˣϾǴܵĵؽ磬û˹ţƽ޹ʵȥǹٴǱ൱ں͹ˣǺӵٴҲǴ򲻹Һ;ӵģЩ˻ûɵǸ̶ȣϪ̫Ӻʱͺ˳
ڡ
ЩӵȻ׷Źٴ
Ҫˣ
ϹϪ̫Ϊ˳ϹѪˣֻͨѹӵɱԽ֯ҲƵˣ
ֻбģȻϱȴǷء

904 ѧҽ

904 ѧҽ
ҪͨİɱãǱϾҲ֮ǰ½ϵģѵҲ½ѵˮϣһжƣϹƴзǰ£˭˭ӮǸδ֪أ
Ǻӵȴһˣǳںϳ˴ѾӦˮϵ滷ҶĴپ飬Щӵˮսǿһͨˮսʱ򶼺һˮ׼ˡ
žԵļɣɱ˻٣ǿ׼ݡ
һѶȣƴǺϹҪ׾ٵĻʤˡ
ֻ¶ɫƴͬüĿء
С㣬ȶ㵽ɣ
¼˵ӵٶȺܿ죬ϾҪ׷ǵĴֻˣǸة׼ĴֻˮսãЩʿҲֿ˶ãͻҩȷܴɨƽЩӵ⣬ǡȴǲʹõģҪڹؼʱ̶Ը
һʹãƱػϷأʱҪ䲻⣬ϢĶ½ɽǲˣ
İʿ޹ģȨͰ޹أҲƴǵĳѪսĶǳİգԪ˵ƴǻ֮޷԰ΣȥԼµĸʺĸ
Ҫһսʱ˲ֻ
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ĿһС˰취
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ǵһᣡ
˵ĹֻѾע⣬˲úƴϸ˵ת˴ڵһ䷿ڣԼóִҩ䷭񣬲һžٵϱϲãҵˣ
ֻЩƿƿ޹޾ڻУ»صƴǺµǰЩ֮ǰƵҩŵĸ󺺲⣬Щҩƿַȥۼźӵϴ֮ʹãβб³Ҳûˣ
ֻ˸ڵ˫Ŀ⾧ƺһǺС
ˮսľôḻ׻һƲһεˣѪֻ֮ҪЩҩȥʨϻҲҪ£οֻһȺӵ
ѧҽ߱¡
רҵ֪ʶܶʱȴɱɱõĶˣ
ЩӵԻ˻ƴǵ˾ܲѴ֮Ǿնɱһİճأ
ЩǽҩȷȥʱЩҩͶˣ
жֻԽǣ
С㣡
ȥ죡
ƴǳֻϪ̫˵ʲôҲ벻ôܵļƻȴ㼸ƿҩѴ֮ˣ֪Ӧֱӽɹȥұ㲻óı׼ôˣ
ȻƴǿЩ˼ֻϸ۰ϸһĨ糺죺ȡЦˣĳıҵҩЧҲû֮ء
ƴ򴽣ֻ֣Ҳȥǰ濴ɣ
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ƴǵǺֻܿȻˡ
ӵЩֻѾӵҲʱ
죡
ϵ˶ţԹԵĳվһţǵǮóӻһʹ죬Ҫܣ
վλǸıδʮĺţֿҴֻеĴ󵶸ҫ»λεĹâǽɽ׸ıƣЩӵȻϹϪ̫ӵĹӶǰɱϹӭ׶ʱ򣬻̲ס̰֮ģҪɱģǽϸҲҪ̵ģ
һսаΣҪӵУϹҲû뵽Լôɣ
δϱȴ֪ԼѾǴͷ
Ϲ۾ɫںˮӳ£Խı䣬ƴǺֻԱ߹۲űδϵı顣
ƴǣˣ
ֻȻڡ
ǧڽյƴǵʾЦŵĿǱδ󺺣˭ɥڿ̫˰ɣ
ã
ã
սайǾ͵¼£
ֵǣϣ

905 Ѵ֮

905 Ѵ֮
δЦŵеĴ󵶣ָĴĺӵȻȴŲ˼֮ɫ䡣
֮ǰʧת˾ʧ롣
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δ󺺺֪޺޵ҧֽţ
ð
˽꣬ɱԽʧֹΪˣЩ˲Ż˵ţüԺյϹǵĵҲţĴ⡭
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δҧ߳ŭҪϹ̹ǧѾ׼ʱһб㽫Ǳδܻ񣬷ֽеĴĨĲӡ
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ңЩʿεʤֻ֮ȫѪҺڣޱȼܣ
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ΪأϲĻ壬Ϊ˶ûλɱĸʺĸһǲҵɱͽкһҲջ˰ʹ
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õɥʧԣĮ飿
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ƺܵƴıˣֻƴǵ飬ףƴΪⳡͬ׼˺üꡣ
ް޺ޡ
Ĳֻǰˣˣѡ
ƴжžĻ壬ھжĻ壬ƭ0ıѣ
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ŷ£ϸһ㣬ڻ˱裬ů
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ֻٵ˫Ŀ峺˵ʱǸֿƴǾֻȪ˫ƺܴͫпԼĵӰ
ҹɫ
̾գϦӷ϶֮б⣬е㣬Žɫ׹⡣
ϹĴֻܿĿ˰ȴٽͻȻֹסж
ƴüϵ˻ҴϣĴֻ
ԺһС빬
ʦ
ƴǻ£ϹȴǽŵĿƴǣʦҺһ빬ɣ
ȻƴϤʹǱϾϪ̫Ҳʡ͵ĵƣȻǻ׼ģϹһսƴģûƴǣϹͲɳˣҲӦϹرƴǵʱˡ
а빬ƴװʦ߼£㷢ΣգҲǳϹȥȥɢϪ̫ӵעʦݵƴʱȥӦԵķ
ƴϹļ֮ȴǼᶨҡͷƶүЩʿûָӡ
ͷС
ƴЩ»ҩվҲҪڱ󷢺ʩģҲһɢɳ
ϹбսôãҲʱõ˶һʱˣû˻һֱƴվҪ뿪һ졣
Ǹʱ򣬾ҪϹԼһȥˣ
Ǻʱ
ϹĿĵǣƴοЦЦȻ˵Ͳ࣬ƴֻԴһЩƴǵУȴѾϹԼͽһ㡣

906 ͷж

906  ͷж
գϹܺúõĹƴںδĵ˺οġ
ֻǰȥ󹬵ȷվŵͬҲɡ
ƴĿأ֣صĿڵҪܿϪ̫ӵҳ䲻Ľҩǰõĵͼϣǿ׼ʱӦϡ
һֱƴϹߣѵսۣƴǶ뿪ϹҪôϹʱ뷨ҪôֱӴϹݸϸսȥսһΡ
ǧ¶ΣƴǺֻǳ鲻
ָӽʿˣֻʣϹˣ
ƴǵҲǶϹģ
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907 褺

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ˣϹΪ˹ǣ˳ʱֻʣ˼ݣ⴫ȥȷòһа£ȴӭ֮ʱ˵׷ɱǱѣϹÿܳף
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һЦǲô׵ֻЦϹһˡ
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ʱ䲢δư̫ĺۼһɫ۷Ե緢ȡ
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װµͳͬҪ飬ڶ˻֮ǳһֱΪĴ׼ǿа´ԡòƲôгģ
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ϵЦҲӲϣϪ̫ȴǿнסֻƶ˵ıƴǣ
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ϹҪӦϹĴɱѣҪͬЩײкĺӵ⣬һ··˳
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·Ϲʲôӭ׵Ķ飬ֻǰܻȥǲ
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ƴϵЩ죬óѪĺۼϵıǾ뵡ͬǸȨԺգݵϹһЩģϪ̫ӵΪѣ˳ڡ
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ҳ󲻿
ϹϹǶ飬ϹһҲпڶ˵ˣϹʤ㣬ֻӦַпԣֱܲӻشΪϹľɱǱ

909 ЩҪ˵

909 ЩҪ˵
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ĲֻϹ
ǲʵʵ˵ʵıƣһʯͷʲȥ²ʵܡ
Ϫ̫һƬ⣬ƺڵΪƴǡ
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Ϫ̫ӱɫưĿڣȴеĴȰ
Ը׶ԺɵĽƴĿһĹ¼ţĸʺĸͬ۹⿴ԼϧȴϦ㸲һ涼ûܿ
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үͳԩ޳ǰҲΪӭȢŵģֻҪͻϵ˵仰ȴϪ̫Ｅѣʵǲӣ
ƴǵƴǣֻǼ仰תΪʤƻصǿƣϪ̫ӵǰҵϷ磡
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ưĿ΢䣬ü΢΢šţڿƴδı֮»ڵа˵¡
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ȻалҪ̸Ǳȥɣ
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һϹһֱӶԻϳֿס˻ϣѲҲܿϹ֮ף
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Ϫ̫˵ʲôҲ̣֮ǰıҪǰʼˣ
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Ϫ̫˼֣ȴǵͷͬϹ飬ҪϹǴʲôġ
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⣬չ˺аߵЩˣ
Ҫ˵˵ģô˵˱㲻ֻǳģСϹߵˣ
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Ϫ̫ӶϹĵǳ֮ĺʤģưϹĺ֮ȴбսķΪͻȻ顭
ϹȷʤսƽĶۣЩ黻ưϣưҲô׵Ļ⣬ҲҪķһ˼ģǡϾǳĻʹ
صİأһһķϹͨı£ҪԼʲôжҲû취߳ȥʹģûҪûôɵ
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ƴǻ̧ͷʯһͫĿĵưһ꣬ư޽Ȼ˰׷ѾĻӮ˻λΣʼǻϻģΪ̶̶ʮĻȨܽԼ
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910 λİ

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ҲѹԸӹŵȴڶ̶ʱ䣬ɳºպյսһеһжֻΪ֡ƴǣ
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ˣϪ̫ӲŻϹ£лᶨȻҪϹưǰưӣ®ɽĿΪΣ
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ҪŻǲĸʺĸһʻ壬и̵ͻںޣ
ƴ΢̧ưϵı龡У΢֮䣬Ѿ׼ͬģưҲڷƴǣһʱ֮޵ڵոأƺɱʱܱһ


ƴǵĻ£ưʲô˵Цһ㣬͵͵Цڴ֮𣬸ڣ
ΪҪڣ
λþеģ
书۲ѧ޶ǿ㸸ʣҪǵȻƫģλλᵽ㸸ʵϣ޲ûԼĶλҲ㸸ʰװô꣬Ҳǣư˫죬źѪ˿ҧгݵ˵š
鲻ỹãһǻŭ⡣
ԹǻȨ֮ף
Ϊ֮͵ĸλȨ飬Ҳϧ
㡣
ƴǣ
㵱ΪĸǺˣ
ưʣϾͲմֵǵѪλ
Ӹλ㱻ǣԹŵ飬һǶֵܽλģưƴǵĸʣɵƴǵĸǸλã˶ˣ
˫մ˶Ѫ
ƴʵĺûҪ֪֮ϵλõ׻᲻ҹҹѰȥܵظȥĸʣΪϻλʱ򣬶ڲɱЩţûаֵκ
Ҫλ˫ֱȻҪմѪ
ӹûһλ˫Ǹɾġ
ıңȴΪǧŵʷ˸ǲ
ƴǵʣưΪ⣬ǻŭû
һ㶼û
ǻλǸУǵƴǵĸֶβˣֻҲưеȨմѪ
ʤΪ߿ܡ

911 ֻǿ

911  ֻǿ
ǳı֮еʤ˻ϣǳʤߣʱϴˢһУλȷһЩֶΣʲôϵ
Ѿ˻λʷ鹤ʣֻҪԸһ̳ܽΪΰĵȥƴǵĸʡΪҳӣΪˣ
ʵ
˵˵ưԽİ·ЩҪ˵˲ƴǣԼ
ưһĨЦĿĵĶƴǵϣЦԸ񱾾ڻλ֮ϣǳ׽֮нѵ㲻Ӧøл𣿡
ǺǺǡ

ưĿ䣬ٿЦŵĿƴǣȻǰıûҪͶˣҲóȫТģպȥĸĸžۣ
ưĿƳһԲԶĳž롣
˵ƴһֵ̳ģȴЩɵġ
Ͼڵƴ죬ʱδ֪ƴߵʲô̶ȣ
ڳΪʵ֮󣬱æڳѹңѾܾöûлʱϰ֮ˣ
ưĿ˼֣̼ƴǣֽ֪նɱڽµʱǿǵɴ˫ֱֱۣĿеĳ͸ǵ嵹ѪУ
Ҳƽչ˳ޣгһı
֮ʧȥǣһЩԼ޷ԤƵ飬ǸʱҲٳʱˣư̴Ҫƴȥĸʺĸ̼ƴǣƴǱ޳ͷԣȻҵһУ
ͬʱư˵ŵ֮Ҳ̲סĽ
Ȼȥ֮󣬳Ļλ㾭һȷѪ꣬ƴǵĸնڶӱΣֵŵţΨưûյκεǣλĻϵΣ
ǵưѡ踺ؼֺãûüȨλѾƴǵĸʸɱˣ
ȵܳĻӣڳӣҲǵ걻ʱưҲû뵽顣
ԣƴǵĽ̵
ưԽ˵Խļ
ưǱȨɱ˫ۣ׻ͷģһ̣ƴǵͻȻȻˡ
Ҳ㡣ƴǱͳӴ³Цҡҡͷ
ưĿ㵲ƴ⻰˼ƴ̫αʱ򣬾Ȼװ

ƴǴҸطҰ׵ֺαؼװϹɳɱô꣬ĴһѪ·ֺαͶĵ˳ĻʹվԼǰ
ֵΪ˵ƴǺںӣǡǿЦ
̶ֳȣƴǾȻ˵ں
ôôα
һ̣ưƴֻбӣСС;ȻԼҪαǲˣ
Ȼƴǽ˵ĻȴưϱŤ߳ŭ
Ҳ㡣
Ҳޣ
ɱĸʺĸ󣬶ĻλͽɽƴΪ˸˲صĴۣڣƴǾȻ˵Ҳ֣
⻰˵˭ţ
һ꣬ƴ汻̫ʧȥ𣿾ȻŵĽƭԼ˵֪ԼؽɽʤСԲŻ˵ԼһЩ֮ǰϣ
ưŬҪƴǵпһЩߣҪ֤ƴǲ˵ĺʵԼҲںҪˣ
ϧ
ưϸƴǵǵȻҲҲı顣
ԽưԵƴǣƴ̹ƴǻ
ȷưƴǣѾô꣬ƴԼĿ;Ѿ͵Ǹ׷ưߣЦŽлСˣԼ
һưúǲˬ
ƴѾԼĿƣҡͶ֮ÿһÿһ仰޲͸ʤԼʵư۾
ԭưͼ̼ƴǵģưƴǵĻ̼ʧȥǡ
ƴǵһĴٿһĨ䳰Ļȣư㲻ǿѣ
ޣаŻкޡ
ưƴǵǳ֮𾴵ˣڷı֮ƴϢ֮󣬶ư֮ǡ
Ϊƴ޷ֱŵ˱ѵζ޷Լݵ˸Ͳֵء
ڣƴˣһʼưͲ𾴣ư룬Ȼû˺ޡ
֣Ķ̰ģֻưΪˣҪû԰ˣ
ƴȥƤȴһĵȥʲôӦʲôӦã

912 ʼ

912  ʼ
Ȼ㲻ˣҲ֣ưܿ
Ȩʧ˫ۺͱԣΪԼıɹ˻λõһУⲻ֪ǻһΰˣڡĴھǰưΣøĴۣߵĶ
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ʵƴǱԲӲӲĺưභֻʤҩͶҩֻҪһζȥư书ǿͭҲ޷ֿģƴǲ
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913 

913 
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ԼԽʱոպãԸıƴǵ켣ֻƴ滮õļƻֻˣ
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һˣưһߣǱƴǴʹ

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914 

914 
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Ϊô꣬ưȨλѾ˶֡ʱƴ̫ӻˣԾʤߵ̬ģⲻЩˣ

915 ʳ

915  ʳ
ǰȻִʱʩ̩񰲣ոǿĹһȳΪĹ֮ס
ư֮󣬳ΪսҲݣ½ѾĹ֮λˣưãһУظ˰ŪðԹصп·ĻϱԽķԣϧȴûкʵѡڡ
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916 ˷

916 ˷
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ƴǵ˵ͷֻɨױǰĺľΣ˵ⷢĸ޸ҸʵʱĸֲĸͷϵģƼҴഫϱ

917 ҵĻʺ

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ƴǽֻҪεεָסˣҽ߬Լ֮УĿŨŨֻǽֻһ
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Ժúõչ㣬Ҫ˳վҵҡ
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һ·ֻ˵ƴǵռ˺ܴķûֻƴǵĸ𲻻ôɣֻֻƳĻҩʲôֻƴǵһֱڸƴܿ˷еѺΣգһ·ֵڡ
ûֻûڵƴǡ
ɹ񣬶˺⡣
ƴжֻеģۡ
ǸвŻޥģฮǧ𣬿޶˶˵ȴе˲类˵ֻеģֻۣƴҪӭȢֻҪֻһݣҪ˳վԼߣǡ빬ʵݻ˵ҪıԱŮװ
ֻ˵̫ˡ
ֻõˣһ˱еĸǼȻѾҪúõһôӦͬʹ࣬ƴǸǡҪֻһܵĸõġ
ң
ƴǵᣬȴ˵ֻĿֻһֻҲĳԼڵλã𣿡
ֻվԽļ֣˼ǹңȰίһ˲䱬ƴǵһ֮󳹵
һ仰

ͺǸոһʱƴҲ˵ģֻţŵģǲκˣҲ᲻ƴǣ
Ϊƴǵһ仰ֻǻȥֵˣ
ã
ã
ֻƺܸܵƴŵƵʣͷƴϵĽɢȥתϲĴ΢΢һĨȣǴĵɢЦ⡣
á
ĻӦ޸ˡ
Ժӵֻֻٲܵ˺ˡ
ƴǽֻıڻУԴ°͵ֻͷ֮ϣĿĸķ֮ϣԺ󡭡Ҳһˣ
ֻ飬ϵĸ͸ҲԼ˰ɣ
ϣƺܴӱ˴˵ƵʣƵʸ˶ġ
һƴǲĽֻ빬ݣҵѾһ뷨ˣ
ƴĿЩԥȻ뷨ֻܶ˵ЩƽȴǶֻõĽˡ
Żôƽ⣬һѴġ
̫Ů빬֪Σ

918 

918 
μңֻƴǵĻָĺ壬ŵĿʵμң
ԻͻȻμأ
ƴǵĿ⼫Ϊأ˵˵ѣѯֻһڽ͵ʵһ飬һֱûͬ˵ʵǳμǰӧңżҪĵλμҵ峤̫ҵĶʦָҵĹΣҸŲɵ˲ţҲΪҸʵΣŵμŵţڷ֮׵ܵǣ̫֮ʱһŮλꡣ
ƴͻȻЩĬ
̫һҡ
ƼҿǷμҵġ
ܹμŮ빬Ҳ˳μ鹣οһ֮顣ƴǵ˵ͷ˵ţĿȴЩɵĿֻֻǻǺ̶ܴȵί㡣
ò˿ǧڿ˳һˣȴҪֻμСŮ빬Լԭеݣֻ˵Ǽίǲƽ
μҵƼǷģȴҪֻ֡
ټѣƴǻҪһԣڣֻǶμҺãǶֻá
ǼȻףǱҪǵ׵۹⣬֮ƴǱ̳лλλӭΪĻϣӭȢֻǳΪĻʺ󡭡
һ֮ǲκε۵ġ
ǺֻദЩԲǶֻĹݣʵǸܺúܺõˣȴǲ֪ģֻܲܰദ֮󣬲ͬİɣ
˶֪ĵһŮֻǽ壬ʱЩƵ飬ฮǧΪĻʺƱػЩ̵Ĵ󳼵ļԡ
Ȼ˻λưôҲǻĸڵģǳûĶǳҪս𡭡
λ֮УȴõĻʺݣ˱죬ڰŴǰʵЩţ飡
ƴɳƣȥֱֻ񣬵ֻʹȥ
һˣ˵ָ𶼻ں˦ȥ޸ϹȴΪϹֵиһֱ飬ӴлŮ޸ɣ
Լһ·Ĵ½ɽԼȴһԭеݺֶ
Ļʵݡ
ɲֻƴǵĻ֮󣬲ûаֵЦ񾲵Ŀƴǣá
ǱμСŮ빬ɣ
ֻӦ̫򵥣һΪʲôûУƴľϲͬʱеαˡ
ֻԽãƴеݿǷԽ
ܿƴеĵǣֻȻЦţĿԺѴģ֮ǰ֮ǰݵȷ̫ãЩʱڲµµĴƴ㡭ԭ𣿡
మΪһʱϲΪľͺá
ѾҪɻһһôƱҪǨͺ໥£ߵĳá
Ǽǰ˼뿪ŵִ
ֻЩ顭
ڵֻɵͷߣƴ׿׵۹ⲻϲԼƴԼѾֻǸжˣֻܲƴһΪѣȥеһС
ֻҲܼƴȥеһЩ
ңҲȷǲںʲôݲݵġ
Ͳʱˣλ껹ֻǸŰˣʲôһֻҪƴǵֿˣ㹻ˡ
ΪǨͣеίֻġ
οĲί
ҲǰǷǧġ
ǷμҵģֻƴǺƼңֻ
еǰһǧΪ˱ҲֻǧֻԸģοֻһкβأ
ϧǷǧûǷĸ飬ֻԶѻˣҺáһǧĽӴ࣬ǧҲԼûʲô飬ְæǧܿǸ糾Ůӣһ
ǧһҸĻȥģ
ֻΪЦĿüĽƴǣǰҪƴǸƽŵüͷ㿴㣬С¶ȴΪѳӣ
һôˣֺαػںЩȽأ
ȻϹûԲƴǲ
Լֻôƴأ
лл㣡
ֻǷĵЦƴһĿϵĿֻ֣ص˵ʵμҲȫţѪģ
ǧ¡

919 û

919 û
ƴĿǧ˫ӵ֪ˣ֪иĹصģǱ˫Ҫģ̫η˲ᣬĸĸ㽫ǧ͵ҽƴǾĿֻЩεЦЦԭΪѾֻ̹ˣû뵽һʱ򣬾Ȼûкֻ˵ͻȻЩ˼
ܿģƴǱ˼̵ĻͲֻš
ҡʵǻи˫ĽģҺҽպٺ˵˵ǧµģ
ֻݸЦã
ǧһֱҽţǧҵ
ԭηҪһߵģһãҲպֵ˴ﲻƽ໥ӣ˷ִҲ£Ľǧ˶ˣ̫ηһŮǧµãҪݣλ꣬Ѿڼǰ֮ˣ
֮ͬұǧѯǧҪǧҲûʲôĻұּձҪѸˣ
֮Ҳûʲôˡ
ƴǱȫˡ
ֻתתڴʱƹڹ߲㣬ûƴǿϵı飬һ¶ƴɵġ
ֻʮϵľʵԭǧΰ
ǧ
ֲһǧ书ǿģֱ߻࣬ȴֻһݣԭΪ˫ɹصĹأ
̫ˣ
˭ôɥİ
仰ֻҪʳ⣬˫ҪǸʲô̬ĹأΪ飿
ŴЩƼɵĹʵʱ֪˻
Ҫִ˭ϱ˫̥Ǽ˶˵ĺϲ£죬ϲϲ飿Ҫߵ˺𣿲̫˵ǷȽǿ
ֻ죬ĵĿڣƴǣ˫ӿɲʲô飬ҿԺܸĴҽѧĽǶ㣬ֻһȻĽ㣬ǧ£Һҵϸ꣬ѵǶǲ𣿡
Ȼ
ƴҲıش𣺡ҲغûԣպѰ˸ڷϳ
ǧɲԭͽǧģֻǸŰˣ
ֻһԲǲļ˵Լںੲݷƴǰ֤û
ƴĿֻĵ˵ţǧʵʵǽ谲±ǽͣҸʸȡģ
谲ͣǰͣԢãҲʫ⣡ֻԵĿţȱǧϵʷͬһ㣬ǸͨеʣѾ֪飬ֻپȣǸпȴģ
ƴֻǧµһǲָܻһļݣҲһͬǰȥλ빬֮ұμ޽ãһĹͣÿȥݵʱ򣬱Ĵǧǰȥˣ
ֻȻЦţá
ǾͰ˵İ죡
ҹˣƴǣǸûȥˡ
ֻӺľվĿ񾲵Ŀƴǣкܶ鶼ڵȥʶǸƴǣǲʲôѶӭ֮ϵġ
ӱǽģƴٲʺĸϢòȥܡ
綼ҪԣϵʱԽã˺Խԣһմӱ֮߳
Ҳһ
ƴ̧öֻ峺ĺһȪһ˫Ŀ֣صĵţ
ף
һֱƴǶںػعʵأʵʱƴʮʱʱȻһֱΪ˸żƻŬûԻص˻ʹûԻصϤĵطܻʶıһ˿룬ĸɲʵûֻǱưڱԼˣ
˻ٶЩģֻƾŸ˵ĳ̶Ȼ֡
ƴеִĸʺĸһֱӱܣ˽ãֻҪĸʺĸܺúõĻţö֮Ҳ㺦ԡ
ϧ
ʵʵΪ˭˭ĺ¾ı䡣
µ񣬱ƴѹҲӦôӱ֮߳ѸٵˣֻǵһкܶڵȴĸһֱҪһ̫ƽʢóİսҸ

ûɵĺͼ־ӦԼ֣һûʵۣûɵԸ
ߣ

920 Ϫ̫

920 Ϫ̫
ҹɫŨŨ޴ĻһŨīһ㣬Ļ΢ǹⶼ
ƴǺֻ»ص޵ʱ򣬹ڵѹѾӽβưһɵĴ󳼾Ѻ˵ΣҪְλҲƷؿɿĴ󳼣һҹĹ򣬳ٶȷ˸졣
ֻϴεѪɺӣһεҪеϢҡ˼⵽Сĳ̶ȣûʲô
ưƴǣ书ڳı֮ϣܸƴǡ
ԸţʵʵҲǸĲ˵顣
Ϫ̫ҩЧѾȥ˫۱ƼѾĳ˻ţſң
ſ
ǳ̫ӵ£δĹ飡
Ƿˣ
Ҫ췴ı治ɣ
Ϫ̫ŭţͷ˫ɺ죬ϧôѲŵ𽫾ҲǶŭ޶ãһ㡣
ǺôĵӣҪǶ
ǵţ
ĸأǰѸôˣ
Ϫ̫ӵҲǱǰŪЩˣǺúõ޵֮еŽӴаͻȻ;˫һڻ赹ˣ赹֮һ赹֮ǰ
ʡ
ǸϹ˵ҪҪʵ˵ģȻ˽ڵ֮ûٳ
Ϫ̫ӵĪĿֻţ֪ʶѾ׶༪ˣԾɲԸʵûŵĵǣȷǶϹѺãҪдõϹģϹҲ׼ǡ
ǳ
ĹҺ͵̰
ϹսӲʧܣϾûдٱڣٳĻʹ˷ˣ
Ϫ̫ӲԸţ
ţ
ŭŭĿĶܵЩϤס
һȺĴı棬ͼҪǸӵĽɽŷңԣһ
ô򵥣
Ϫ̫ӱסˣҪ⽭ɽҲ򲻹ģڹ⣬ȦĶʮڣǶʮԼƣǾԲᱻָӵģ
Щҳ
һǶʮʹе˽ʱ⹬˵ʱǶҪģ
һλᣡ
ıȻ˱̫ӣ̫ӿǲ㲻ҪǴ٣ԼļˣϪ̫Ӻ޺޵ҧ˿֪ԼѾ޽𽫾Ϫ̫ӵķԷһ޵֮кš
ſң
ſ
ʣʣ
Ϫ̫Ӷͷ͹𣬲ĵϪ̫ʱ򣬽𽫾ȴüĴϲɫڵҹɫ£ƴõϤӰ˵֮ڣһĹǡ
ϣ
ƴȻδǻЩѾȲĸ˳ƺˣϾλ綼ƴǵģһлϻһлƺûʲô̫Ĳ
ˣ
ͽ𽫾һɹеˢˢĹƴǵǰҺԾظֻƴóһͨ·ԭƽ飬һŵϪ̫ӵпһΪ̵顣
ϣ
Ļϣ
ĻϾһˣδĻԼ
޵Ļϣ
ѵǸҵͷˣ
ð
Ȼŵ̶ȣûôرԳƳ˻ϣ
ðǣ
ǵǺôĵӣ
Ϫ̫ҧյĹ򣬱Ѿ죬Ǳ˿û֮ǰ̫ӵµţʧ̫յĽͷȣȻ
Ļȴǰ˵ʱȻֹͣ
ҺʱЧѾȥʱֵƴǣԼʵò
ƴ̫л֮ȥجΣ
ֻҪƴǵĳ֣ᱻóƴǰ̫ӱȽϣʲô飬ٺãһ˵һ䣬Ҫƴ̫ӻڵĻô
⼸ƴֽϪ̫ӵجΣ
ͻȻðһսаµʱϪ̫ĪĽţȥ̽аһУߵƴǸαװɵģΪϹʱƴʧʱ̫ɺϣǺϡ
ΪȷϹʵݣϪ̫Ӳϧȥȥ̽ȴûʲô
һ̣Ϫ̫ҵģ
ûнõϢû֤֤Ϲƴǵ£ϹͲƴǣ
ûƴǾûӰϪ̫ɲ٣Ϫ̫ɲҷɣû֤֤ϹƴǣϹĴҲһΣյˣӦźá

921 

921 
Ľ£Լõ˸֣һ·һֱڱϹʱ޿̲һɱϹһжô˳
һ·ϹǱ־ȵģȻû·ϣǼ˻ʹ֮ҲǱûʲôսˡ
һжʤȯգ
Ϫ̫ϲһϹʱ򣬳ˡ
⻹Ϫ̫޷ܵģ
Ϫ̫ϣڻ֮УǰЩԼξεİˣ
˵
ıȨλǳĴ󳼻壬Ϫ̫пֻߣȴûٺµģϾһȨҪı۸Ҳô׵ģǡ
ǰֵƴǡ
ⳡķҲƴǡ
㳹״ݻϪ̫еΣɾ
ƴ־㹻ˡ
һֱ֮ȥجΡ
ƴ䣬һȫ׼ˣϾͽϪ̫ӲϣȴֲòϵʵܿܡפŵĶʮҲ
ƴǵˣ
Ϫֻ̫޵ĻںޣԼ㲻ң
ƴǡû
Ҹôˣ
ſң
ҺĽϪ̫ͼľǿ빬ϹƴôֵģѲɡ
аƴǼٰģ
ôаȥأ
ϧϪ̫ƴʼձ鵭ĮֶûбϪ̫ŵ
Ľ
ƴǴǻһĨЦĻȣ
ʱˣԼ˵ҪĽ
֮ǰԼʱ򣬿ûϪ̫Ҫĸ֣
Ϫ̫ӱƴǵĴ̼ˣµľĵӣϪ̫ӾԼǸЦҲȷһЦƴǿǲݵĳˣѾĻҪȥѹǲ뵽ͷȴʲôûõûӮƴǣƴ۶Ը⿴Լһۡ
Ϫ̫˵Ĵ
ƴǣ
Ϫ̫ͻԣݺݵĵƴǣһֱڼװ˵ʲô˲ŷ糾͵빬ֻװģҿˣ
ʵһʼƺ˵ģ
Ϫ̫Ӻ֪ڲ׹ԼƴǵľְˣȻ֮ǰɵɵϹǸݺƴǣȻմմϲԼϾҪ޺֮ˡ
ƴǱĴƴ̫ӵ˻ߣƴǵɫȻ࣬˵ưѾˣ
ưѾˡ
ʲô
Ϫ̫Ӿԭأֹס˷ſĺ۾Ҫڵȥʡ
ʣ
Ϫ̫ӵĽңøողһг忪ŵסŲĿ⺧ȻĿ޵վŵˣ飡
˵һϣ
ϲ˵ԼĵԼǰձὫԼӭȢˣǡһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ȻԼĸˣֱ°ҲҪΪ
ȻţЩԼһĳ嵽޵Ҫ׿ʺͻֵô£˭뵽֮ʱ㿴һ
ۿ΢죬ᡣ

Ҳţ
Ҳţ
Ϫ̫ע⵽Ŭĳķ󺰣졭ܣ
ܣ
ƴǡƴˣ
Ϫ̫ӵĽкûͣ½ŲתܣĽŲӿ죬˲㵽ƴǵǰ
а£
Ϲ
ǰ̫ӣ
ƴǣ
е˫ֽգû˵һݵʱ򣬽þȫָǶҲȻ֪ƴǵ񣬴ɻ𾪣ޡ˿˿İã
ʱµദҵĹĺֺãֻΪڵһĻ
ģָ޵ưȥķ򣬺ͱŵϪ̫ӵķ
ǣƴĿδϡ
ƭҵĸ飬Ҷ㷼İ£ΪɱҵĸʣҵĻ֣ʣʢˡ
ƴٿ̧۹Щӡ
ưȨϪ̫ǲκзݵģȴ޹ģƾƴǶư˽⣬ǶȻŮ˲κڻȨ֮еġ
ȷԸƴҲȷǲ
ЩĿ˵ʱƴǵ
ɱưϪ
Ϊԩͷծ
Ǹɱ
ȴʲôûưϻλ֮ǰãȻ֪ģΪ˱ԼȷǷ

922 Ըҵ

922  Ըҵ
ƴȴûаֵĺڣóİպͽʿˣһˣܺùҪˣο
ǳ̽ȣҪɱԼ˰ԼװɵϹҲʳ
ֲˡ
һϷ
ڵ֮ңǴһ̾͸׵ĵ
ƴֱ׵ĻشһⶼûС
ȴһ㣬ͻȻЦǰϤİӣ

á
ԭĿѹôҲժߣ
֮ʱֻƴǵһԼϤĸоǱÿԼҪץסʱƴǶһĮԼǷϤĸоڸס
ʹǰѹаǸΣյ򲻿Զ飬ǵͷС
ƴǡϹ
ȻԼǸСͳݵø硣
һеΥ׵ĸ飬һʼǴģ
еЦ
СǿȻҲʶ˲³


ת˵췭ظ޴ļǿ˹Ҳܲס
ۿл䣬Ц֮󣬾ͳеذףݺݵĴԼš
ꡪ
Ѫӿֱֱڵϡ
˾پ˲ٵˡ
Ͼ
ǰǰУͺ󹬵ŮûʲôϵģǲĳĴĬĹأֻҲǱԸ𺳵æǰ֮ȴεҡҡͷˡ
Ϫ̫ʳǹ˲ϱŵڵһĳµĵطȥ

ƴǣúݣ
ĺúݣ
Ҹʻݣ
Ϫ̫ĵڵϣ˻ߵĴ󺰡
ưλҪƴǸʺĸˣɱ˲ͷأʹҲûʲôѹˡ
ƴǲһ
Ĺ䣬ǴưеĽݻĸ飬ҪԼһĿԼߵһҪԼ֮С
ȹġ
ƴǽüšţŵڵѾû˺׵ϧһܿģָϪ̫ӵڵȥɣ磬ɰչȥ죡
ΪԼȥĸʺĸ󱨳𣬸Ϊ˽İվȳˮ֮С
ƴǱҪ¶Ȩͻλ
ưıǻƴգƴǵڼǺޣҲ׵ҪϾ˺ģǰպͽʿ׷ǻ޹ˣϧ
ưһûʵۡ
õ˻λ֮ҲûнշǱúôϲԴ󣬸Ǽۣտ಻ԡ
ƴǶػλҲǱȻ

ۣҲǱĸʺͻۡ
Ҫûеǳ䣬Ҳ᲻ʶƴǵݣӶġ
ưµĶȴܡ
ƴǣĺúݰ
ͽ𽫾ѪеɵЩ꣬˭Ըģƴǲû˵ҪɱԼ벻Ծûйϵġ
ۼϪֵʵЩ˽ɫ֮ѸٵĽϪ̫ͬʬȥˡ
ϣаѾȺ
𽫾ǰƴǵɫ̽ԵĿڣɷ٣
µƴǺаϹĹϵ׽Ѿ֪ˣ𽫾ѯʣ߸ʽ
Ȼһ̣ƴǱɫȻİ˰֣
ǣ
𽫾ܿתȥҲ֪ƴҪʱϹɣҹľɲˣ޵֮жʱֻʣֻƴǵߣԼӰǧ
ƴǡ
ֻ۵Ŀƴǣע⵽ƴ׵ıˣƺһ̵ƴǣϸ˼ֹ¼һ㡣
ϹŲҴңȴǴϲõģһͬϹǰģвݷ㡣
֮ǰǰ볯̽Ϣ֮󣬱Ϲϣһ·ϰæϹưľӣ˵ⳡʤҲݷͲܴһֹ͡
ӣ
㣡
뻶ǰŰõֻݷͬһ
ʦԭ㾹Ȼǳǰ̫ӣ
޵ڵЩ΢Ϲ˦ڴ˳ĬһֱߵľʦƴǣǳǸպǰ̫ƴǵ顭ǵ˹սʱ˵ϹϹ̫֪ģ
úͿ
֮ദô꣬ԼȻһ㶼

923 ֪

923  ֪
תһ룬ʦǸպƴ̫ӣҲǳ¡
λ̫֮ǰ¼ϹŹģ˫ȫ书ıԿµһˣҲֻˣĹ㽫ܶ궼޲ߵɳսҸƽϢˡ
ҲֻˣŻΰıĻ
˵Ϲƴ̫ӵ¼ʱпĳݵģлʵһӶֵˣ롭
ƴ̫һֱԼߣľİæԼ
˵ϹЩˣԼǲǸƴ̫Ϻˣ
Ϲƴϵı黺࣬ô˹һദƴǶϹŲһĸ飬˶Ǿһ֮žۼһεģֵܣȴֵܡ
֮ǰΪưһֱ׷ҵ䣬Ҫɱңһ˱һְȫԣ֪һЩҵݣҲźôģƴǽ͵
Ϲȴصĵͷף
֪ʦƴ̫ΪҺã
һΣûʧɣ
ϹжƴĪεģͺһƴǽһ㣬ϹûΪʲôԻȥƴǵĻȥ飡
ǻŻеĸ飡
ʵڹʱϹҲĶƴǵ²ˣֻûô󵨣ţó̫ƴǾȻԼæԼ֮࡭
ϹĿ⽾Ŀƴǣʱʲô鶼ƴ߿ţָţҲƴǳΪϹеĹǣʶƴǳϰߣȻһΡ
ȴֻԼ
ҺãԼûйƴǵΣûʧҲЩҩ
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ϹɵЦš
Ҳãǰӣûһаµȷͣһը˳ǽЩֱӴ򿪳Ųսأ
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ϹһɫۣĵĿɻӱߣ겻ںӱⲽ
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ǾƸˣ
ϹһǷǰȥӭ׵ģӭȻǲֹܿȥģΪ˱ʾµӣԺͳ֮Ѻദʾ⣬Ͽ׼˲ٹصĺöϹŵģҪǾôЩɥĺӵˣϹҪˣ
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Ϲֻû̲סһֿڣ鵰ЩǼǮۿĻˣ
űҵһҪǲú
ϹǻӱĽŲԽļ˺üȦ֮ȴͻȻסüͷһ𣬿ĬһԲҹ䣬ͻȻȵȣ
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ҹɻ󣺡үôˣ
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ûҹشϹֲסСĵ㣬ǧҪ˷ˣ
һҪСˣǧܱ˸ˣҪǴ˻ϵĶпɾͲˣϾʲôʵ飡

924 벻

924 벻
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ȴûע⵽ҹ䣬ȴδǰȥհ죬Ǽվԭء
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ҹ俴ϹҲȷżϹס죬ͣ£ϵЦȴҪ֮ǰࣺүЩ˰ɣ
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925 һһ

925  һһ
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ҹ䣡
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죬ҲҪˣ

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޲ȸԾӵƴǵǻΪγĻʵֻۣȻȻλݳΪ˳Ļʺ󣬵ۺɻĴ佫պһͬУ˫ϲţǰʢ
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ʱһЦӯӯȴͻȻصֻǻ
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пһʶ˺˼ɺܿıٶǰӣǡǡΪСʵ̫ˣԲŲܳΪĻʺ󣡡
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Ӧ֪Լ֮ŭ
볤̵Ľëһż⣬ô̧ͷĿ͵Ŀƴǣһʱ֮侹֪ôƴ˵źõģ֮ǰ׼һӵĻҪƴǽ

927 ҿҪ

927 ҿҪ
ٰ̫ƴֻദʱòǿ֣ʶôһȺˣǽصŻᱻͷҲںˡ
Ըƴ˵һУҲƴǺֻƽǡ
Ϊƴǿںģ
˲еɻ𾪣ƴǽüͷɿϱȻɣȱ֪ˣ
룬ϣѾ˵̬Ⱥһʲôġ
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΢΢ɵɵЦ˳üۼЦ⣬ϵıҲǸոǰࣺӡ
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Щν飬ܰװ¡
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С׵ĳ֣ƴǵһ߽ƴǵ
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ѾܾöûиϼдˣҸϼҼǼϼҼҲѾ֪һС
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ϻ϶ռϷ磬ƴǺֻ˵ĿУҲᱻڸǻӰƴǵ
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ƴǴΪϼҼֻǺģֻǺľԼΪȶԼģĻֻͨ㺣ҪӭȢʺʱҲǻȥһţԼ˵
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ΪһвԤϵ鵼ԸЩƫʱᴦһŭıԵûʲô黹ãһʲô̼ݷ㣬ܾܿͻ˺ֻ飬ܿܵǣЩ˺ֻ飬ݷ㱾ˣҲǿƲסԼģ
һ鷢
洦ڵİɱӵų书ͱ۸ΣգҪǡ
۶̶ֻȡ
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ӣ׼ݷʧٵ۵ĻҪЩˣ֣صĿڡ
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벻ĵ˵ͷƴǵߵĺʱӦǲĵʱˣǺ޸֮Уи磬˵ζ

929 Դ

929 Դ
ϧŵˣ綼Ҫȥġ
ţһҪߣǰѾϢˣ
Щʧ䣺պūŻῴǻ֮뿪
պƴôԸʱ򣬲Ҫƴǵߣƴһֻ֤˵ЩƴǣպŻûΪƴǣڣа취æ
ᱻΪѰɣ
ƴü˼ãȴĿʳôһ仰
ŵˣԼˣǲȴûаŵҪȥδʲô˺Լ飬ֻǱ߻㱨һЩʤ޵ճˣҪߵʱԼš
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ֻһ㶣ȻЦţһ˫гһ϶ЦӯӯĿƴǣᣡ
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ҪֻǰҪæƴǣݷ˵ʲôֵܲġ
¹ϲ䣬ֻ֮ǰ˵ةฮ˵ǰ㡭ϵݣǲǺйϵģ
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Ϲֻ֮ǰǶθ֪ģҲ׽㵱ϲϹ˵ʲô޸ģϹûնٻ·ˣȴ˵ةฮȥة࣬ضǺֻйϵģȻ
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Ϲ֮ǰʲô飬Ҫ˵Ըɱæµģֻ飬ة಻ܰæҲû취һǰѯֻԼľˡ

930 С㣬ң

930 С㣬ң
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ֻǷüšţةѾ׶Լˣֻֻ֣ҪʱˣϹΪλץԼţѲҪ޵󱨸Լһ

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֮ǰҲǾԼоЩҩģƴҲæµµ۵ǻ飬ûԼֻҪݷæܿٵİð飬Ȼźƴǵߣ
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һЩʱղϹſȴݲѣ˺磬ϻĽҲֻ࣬󲻳⼸յĹϹʲôǡ

931 

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932 Ȼ

932  Ȼ
Ϲ֮ĿһֱֻϣԭҲֻв²⣬úֻܿͻȻתҲӦǺԼεһĳֻǱԼʱҪһˡ

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Ͼǧǧţʲôֵ鶼Уܶô飬ܱäĿķϡ
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ϹֻҪ̽һֻģȴֻ𾪵˫еõ˿϶
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ΪֻͻȻԼʸϱĸ֦ɲ뾹ȻԼһֽǸԼֻƿˣЩ̫͹֣Ϲεʱ򶼻ʶҪӱܲȥԣοֻء
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Ҫֻ֤ѡǴģϹͱȲɳССĳɼǱԼǲĺԶֻһʵʱźԼҪ»صԼߡ
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ֻϲϹ׷ϹʱϹʲôһֻ뿪Ϲ㷢ֻҪԣΪһɡ
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933 Ҳ

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934 Ը

934 Ը
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ΪĸԵŮҸɵһҪ顣
ةൽѾˣֻҸͿԣøմ⣬ҪԼŮʺݸԼı档
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ֻ˵⻰ʱ˶٣ͻȻܻиĴڣæҲΪ˳룬̫ˡ
ŮȻѾ϶ƴǣǰжѶԸȥеԵġ
˲ȱȥѣֻȱѵĶ
ΪϲһжԸֵõġ
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СӦǸΧŵϢжϳģˮпжġ
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ʱȣǲҪսǳΪҪֲֻĵĶţһΪھǰʱҪǷʲô⣬ȻӰ֣ʱƴһȥԳٹƴҲý
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ҪһУҪٳҲѡ
ĵײĪľݷҲǱľ˵û·磬Ҫʱڴ˴ֻ뿪Ҳ£ңپȥݷĵĸ࣬Ǹʱ򣬱ǲ˷ɢŵҪʡˣ
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΢иǼ˿˿⣬ںľµƴüĻ̌˳οյ񻨴ȥѾһƬҶӿݻ֮ࡣ
֪ΪʲôƴǾͻȻһ˿ƳһеۣѾټȥƴԽ۷Ż˻ľϣ鷿ȥ
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أ
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937 ϼҼ

937 ϼҼ
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ƫƫݷֻڵʱ֣ʱͿӰͲǧԵĻᣡ
οɵãֻ±չأݷҲ֪ȥ͵ˣǣ
Ըôڻʹڵ
ǧ˵⣬ƴϵıȴǸأǧ֮ʣƴѾӿ˽Ųųƹȥ
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ȵ£
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ʱֻסƫ˴ֻٰ֮ȥЩʱҲøʰһЩʱ䡣


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ǻʹصأɶ룬ûлҵ뺯㲻ڣҲҪϷܽ
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ϼҼةĻ֮󣬷΢УĿⰵӿһ»׵ĺ룬ЦţԭϻǵϷǼڣϣϵʱҲܼǵö飬ĪҪϣ
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ƴǵ˼֣ǰһ꣬ϹҲ·˺ܶࡣ
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ԼֻȥƴиеأҺúõչ
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ԣɫԽĲ԰ˣڵ˫ĿҲѸٵˮĿƴǣϣǰҪΪѻϵģҲףձҪͻʺдˣôؼʱӦòʶ̧٣ǡ
ЩʵҪͻ˵ҪԼһ˱Ʒˡ
ƴü˼ǣ
˼ǣйԼĹˣ
ƴʲôǵʱ־壬Ǿû飬ڵƴǣĿһƬ䣬ȻĿϼҼıݰˣ
ϣĲǵáԪڵ𣿡
ҧŴ̽ԵĿ⿴ƴǣƬ֮˫ѾˮҧѪһһ˫촽ҲʧɫĲ԰ϸͻ

940 ϲ

940 ϲ
ʱʱһ˶ͤкžƣԭǲȥŻϵģֻǼ̫ƣʱ򣬺Ⱦƻ˵ʵڲģȥ˵ǡȵʵ̫ˣĲᣬ㡭ûҪҡ
ţϣʹǸһվڿߴϼҼԣԽԵ˵̲סʶһҪ
һ˫΢΢źףƺÿն֮УһȥʵǼ겻ȼеģ˺ܶ࣬ʹԭӨ°Խϸ
Ҳģǵʱʵ̫ˣϵֲδתĹ˺ߡ߻ҲŵҪӭȢţ綼ˣҲ㡭Ҳûоܾ
ƴǵʱϼҼ˵ҪƴӭȢƴǲδܾͷӦ
綼ƴǵˣһʱ佫ԼƴǰˣûоܾƴҲ˵Ĺȥǡ
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ƴǵĿ˳ڱŵ۵ҲԽ
ʦڵҪ˵ģֻ飬ôһˣûбҪˡ
ûʲôӣʲôӣ
ƴƶУҲδʺ޵ģ㣡
Ī˵ƴưµĶз£ǼǰӣҲδʱôôкӡ
ϲ
ϣϡ
ƴվ񶼲ԸԼҭһĿƴǣϣĺġ
ûƭ
ߺҲŷһУĻϲԭҪдŸ߻ģǴ˵Ҷеĺӿܱס
ϣһֱŶڵģȻӰĽҲǷźܴӰ죬ǻϣ¶һһУȴǸļᶨ
ƴĿȻҲ֪Լ״ģ
ƴϱЩ΢ı仯ּǵĺҲǴŶصġ
ҸҶĺûˣΪƭ㣬ԱҪס֮ٸҲ٣ǡ۽һᣬҧûѪɫ˫Ϊʹ
Ļƺ˵ȥһ㡣
ة༫Ϊɫһŵӹ˳ƻźۼĴ
ԵϼҼǽӹĻߵĿƴ˵ϣΪ˱סĺӣþ˸ֵİ취мÿ춼Ҫʮҩ˭֪ЯصĺӣͺһѪһ㣬Ȼʳĸ壬ҲҪǸӣǸƽ֪Ϊʲô
ϼҼŭյĿƵƴǣΪ֪պҪѪҲѣǻȥҲҪƼҴȥ
֪ʱеҪڻݣȫ¾ʣһǹŵģݵƤͷϷ֪Ҫ˼ȥǶĺһҪϷעʱ򡭡ı̥ҩ˺컨
ϼҼ˵꣬һԱģ˫ʵĿļסĲš
ƴޱţվǲûκҪ˼ĿĵޣΪϲޣΪ޳ϵݣԹã
˵ʲôƴǶ֮йӡ
ˣǰԼģһֱŲ˵ϼҼԻסҵԼĸǰģǵô꣬ɹۼžҪǻΪ۲Լ
ںԼ˵ЩʲôãΪǻʺ֮λ
ҡ
ͲϲԼ
ÿ˶ֱģԷǲϲԼֻҪദһʱио
Լ֮ȻҪƴӭȢţƴȴϸܲԼİ㰮⣬ϲûУֻദʱƴǵĸоȫͬġ
ֻһʲô˵ʲôƴܸܵ˱˴Ǽǹű˴˵ģ˴໥Ľű˴ˡ
Ȼֺü겻ϵһֱֿ޿Ϸ룬ƽ׵ķ

941 һ޶ϵ

941  һ޶ϵ
ڣƴһĺøжûˣ
ҲḡģֻǼһͻ̸˵ģ
ϡô룿
ƴ仰ʱʹļף̧Ǳˮʪ̣𾪵Ŀƴǡ
촽΢΢ţʲôŵһ㡣
ƴĿ⵭ĮǰһֱףΪʲô޵ʱվƾһܽ޴оȳˣԭһʼ㲻һưˣ
ϢͨһȱѾ֪˳Ĺư׷ɱƴǡ
ƴǲ֪Ƿưᣬʮֿ϶ǣһǹ׷ɱĵطȺȻֻԼǱǲӽԼ
յʱǻ⣬Ԯַɾ衣
ʱƴΣĳֿ˵ȱ֮еô
ڣƴһ˲ȫͨˡ
оԼı£һжźϼҼڱݣΪģǳĽɽɡ
Ͼƴ̫ӣҪưǿöˡ
ѹԼʤĿԺܴ󣬼ƴˡҲ¶棬һжŮӵĲΪšûа㡯ϵ
ȥưǰʾã
Ǻư
涼ȴֽץУ֮
ϡҡһŵĺģûƭɤֿ˵ţѪ
̫ˣ
ϼҼԭʢŭϱԽʵȥˣһԵӣʵΪһˣһҵľҪôΣ
Ҳ˵ǷǻĺӣǵȻģ
ľ˵𣿡
ˣƴѿ͸ĴȻûж˵ֻǷĸ֣ȴķĿʶ飬ֱӡ
˵֮ã˵˾֮֮ƴеŭǿˡ
ھںϼҼ治
ưǲ׷ɱȷΣƴǴǸ׼ˣǧ»ѰԼ˵ԼͬĽҲԹۡ
ֻһˡ
ɺϵģһ
ҡԼȻȥ㣬ԼΪ˹Ƴ棿
ܹƳĥܳ׵Ϊ˵Ŀ˵ƴԸûб£
ңĺӵģ
ϼҼӲһȣֱ壬ŵԣԼѪںѵͲӦΪһ׮׮һ鸺𣡡
Ϸǻȥ棬ҲһҪ°֪ǳĻϲʲôξֻǸҲС˰ˣ
Ͳ䱻İհǾ֮֮λ
ϼҼ۾ĿΣգ
𣿡
ƴ乴Цһ£Ǹĺӵ˭ģ޵ģ
ô˵޶ţȰǣǲҪ˷ʱˣҪźͳ׽³Թˣ
ƴӰǲԾɢһ־µơ
ŵȷĪ⣬ڽ֪֮أһΪǸ书ǿܵеɣƴȴŽһֱûƣǾԪ
ϼҼĲʶôҪͬƣƴҲẦ£
ǧ£Ϳͣ
ƴ̬ȼǿӲ
ǧ˷Ըһװ˽νϼҼһʱֵĿܡ
ϣҪʲôҲҪ㸺ʲô𣬱ϲµĻʺҲˣǻϣ˾飬ĵĺӣ
ңܱϲ⵽ĳ̶ȣֻҪ֪Һӵĸף֤֮ұ̾ߣ
ϵˮݱøļᶨƺӯӯˮ͵һɾǿ;Ϊĸǿıְɣ
أ
ƴһ⣬ǳģֻһĬȻվǰ޳˸Ķͣվ˹ųɽĺأȵ˿͸Ҳ²͸
Ѿҹ½չ˵ˣûн˵أ˲ʶ̧٣֪֪Ѷľ
ʲô
һ޶ϵ

942 һ֤

942 һ֤
ǲһϾҪԼǰѰٻˣ
ϣһǼǵԪڵ飬Բԣ
ֻǲ԰ˣ
ҧŷ׵ĴǣƴĨıӰľţǸѾˣв϶ѾνˣǸӻţ㻹˵Ļ𣿡
Ϊ㺦ҵĴڻᵲӭȢ»ʺ·ɣŻ˵Ĳ棡
ǻϣ¸ĸģȻô˭ܱ֤ôԴ»ʺ󣡡ǿĲе䣺Ҫ»ʺ֪飬᲻ҲΪѡеĺ
ɼѾڽۿеˮۿеȴֹסĴۿ˳˳ջ䣬ڵϣ˶Ứ
ʧȥӵʱȥڿǺزõȥײԸΪֺŮ˺Լ飡
ǰɻϣ
ǱȴǼΪǿѪš
ϼҼŵ߬һ˫ӥۺɲ
ȻˣǾͲҪϷ򲻿ˣ
ϼҼ֣İȻ֮ģһ񹤾µľУ
ƴǽüҪ뿪ĽŲҲǶסĿ粨ӿĿϼҼҪ׻ʲôϷ
ȴڼľӵʱ򣬲Խˡ
û˵ѣֻľб֪ˣ
ϼҼ˽ľ͵ƴǵǰ󻺻˵ǵ꣬Ϸİ̥ҩ˺컨֮󣬴Ǹ̥
ǸѾҪ͵̥
ϼҼĿһһĴмô֣ƴǲǿƴǵľȺʧ񣬷·űһĿУϷϵǵ֮ҵ飬㰵н̥ΪľպΪ֤ף
ԭ򲻵ѵĳ̶ϷǲóģǻϷģ
ϼҼһĲӵ˫鲼˺Ѫ˿
ͬʱ޵ڵˣҲɫһ䡣
֮ǰ
˶ղ϶һϷϼҼ־ˣӸͲкӣûоͺϼҵ˺ӣϼҼʺ֮λڵۺǰϦҲģǡ
ϼҼóз֤֮󡭡
Ѿкܶ˵ڶҡˣ
û˻ɵԼʯͷԼĽţϼҼˣֱӽǸ̥˳Ҳȫ׼ˣǲýľӴ򿪣Ҳֱӿ϶ĺӵĵȷȷƴǵѪˡ
ƴǵҲ˲ȷ
վһԵةĿŽǰϼҼнӹľӣʼĴϵȵľʬУȷǿԱ֤겻ģ
ϣ̬أϳҺϺϼҼɷϳһЩʱ䣬ϳȷ
ة಼Ƶۿ£һ˫˸žĿ⣬ʶĲԾҺܿܵûа취Ƶĳ̶ȣæǰԲ
ӭȢֻŵľ֮ǰƴǱѾ˸ֶԸŵֶκͰ취ҪӲӲĽڣƴǶа취ֹȥϾ
˭ûȷе֤˭˭ڲһˣ
ϼҼоȻʬδĺӣ
֤ɽҪı֤ʵˣĵȷȷйƴǵһӵĻ
ͱü
ƴǸոնػλٲȣδҪôؼʱ̴ƴǸ壬ɰĻĻ»ٶȸưЩɲַĽڣ
ʱǿȨѹҲóԪ״Ĺ֮ȥ
Ϊ룬ƴҲȻô
ةȰ˸ԲϼҼ㹻̨ףϼҼ֮ǰŵɫ˺ܶ࣬һֱڿŵҲֹס˿Ů˽֮ĵͷǱͷةˣ
ǼȻҽ̥ʬóȻʮİյģҲ㲻ة顣
ͷϼҼҲһ˦䣬λ˸ʵλá
ةЦллϼҼ¡
ϣϳһ£
ƴɫصĸةĽŲңϣʺģ
ةֻҽŷƴǳ飬Ҫ֤ľĺӾǲƴǹѪҪʱ̣ûֻôأ
ɲ룬ةʵֻʱƴǱŵɫѿˡ

943 ʧ

943 ʧ
Ҫֻڹ棬ǻö˵ʲôֱӽֻֻһ֤ľеĺӲƴǵĹѪģƫƫƫƫػťʱֻ̣ڹ
⺢ӵǲƴǵĹѪƴǵ涼ڵֻİȫ
Ҫֻʲô֮뿪ĻãƴǸµǣ˿̵ֻѾſסˣϼҼ֮Ըô޼ɵģ㹻ĵơ
ȴľе֮⣬һֻ
ƴ벻ܲ
ƴĿ䣬纮ѩڻʹ֮Уǰʧˣ

ة౾ǵǵƴ˵֮󣬱Ӿʧˡ
⡭
ʺﾹȻڹˣǸĵ飡
ϣϳľĺӵǲǻĹѪɣ
ة಻ŵ̾˿ֻڣеҽһЩҷûʲôʵԵãΣҪеˣ
ƴǳû˵ĬةĽ顣
ľӱ򿪣ӤʬĳةǰϣһѪ
ڿƼĹŴ뵽׵ֶΣҲֻеѪһˣ
Ȼةƴǵ棬Ǽ⺢ӲԼĹ⣬ڼԼѪĺľӤʬγѪΪһʱ򣬻̲ס𾪡
ôܣ
ةĿ⺧ȻϣǴµ治򵥣
ŲԻ
Ȼܲźۼƴǵ¹Ƴ棬ƴǺ޲ԼΪҽ߳ûϳҪĵƴǵĺӡҲûпܵ飡
һأ
翵ĿԣȻҶԸϣҲûȫ̷񶨣
޵Ȼ֪
ȫ׼İ
Ҳ˵⺢ӵĹϵ˵ʧûϢֻҲƴǲ
һ˳Ĭƴšüȴ˼žεȡᡭ
ײĽ
ݷþȫ˦˾Լĸŵĸֻ֣
ʯ֮䣬ǾҪһֻ̽ĺ˺ء

˵ذֱֱĴݷĸ첲ϣʱѪֱ
ȿȿȡ
ȿȿȡ
ֻ˿ռ䣬͵һȣոձǺץڣδذ״Լ壬ټһᣬԼҲϢ
С㣡
ݷ첲Ѫֻ˫˲һˮŵĿݷ㣬ݷȴûиоһ㣬ֻ΢΢üһֱ̱ӽеĳĨ˸ոЮֺ˵Ĳ
ꡪ
ѪӿǺ˵ҲţݷıôǿȻȻֻһбֱԼɥ
ݷɫЩξԼںǣ˭˺ֺֻôݷɱа˰һǧҲƱҪԷصĴۣ
û£
ݷ˵ͬʣµĸս
ֻҵĽԼϵˮĨȥҧŴԼѹǰȥѰҷƿ˴
Сĸ첲ˣǲĵõҽΣôģĺǲ˫첲ҲҪ׷ˣ
飡
ͨͨ
ۼڲԶľ룬ֻɫϲĽУڼŵݷС㣡

ݷֻ֮Լõİš
ߣķ֮¶ҲһЩ˵ֻǻһЩҩǰȥԸЩҪ˺ĻˣֱݷҲЩֵҲʶ˷öӺһЩ
Ȼֻ£ݷѸٵĵʱֹס˺ֻȷ˽ҩѸٵ棬ֻͷһ²Ʒ֪ЧΣҲûпģһԵţۼŲ˲书ֱӼס
Щ˻ûüӦ׷ʲô¶ݷѾûֻߣ㣡
ҩ˳ƴֻиݷϣѸ̷ȥ֮ݷ㿴ЩԵĺ۾һ˫аȵһ£ĿǺƽһ
ЩȻԣǾѵģܿıĿ׺ݵ𵶽ٶֻݷ㹥
Ȼ
ȴڵǰʱ˲סŲ
۵
еĳˢˢĵڵϣС죬Щ˸ӦȻĵڵϣʧȥ˶ûܷӦҲ˷ֺˣ

944 Ҹ̨

944 Ҹ̨

ֻһһѺãá
һɹо
С㣬죡
Ҳ֪ЩҩЧǶá
ô˵ЩֻݷҲѧ˲ٵĶִ˵ԥԥΣڹŴҪԼɱǰҪնݳǸԼ»
ֱӽЩˣץ뿪
С㡭
ֻĨĨͷϵϸкݷʱȴͻȻݷ쳣ͲԾС㣬Сôˣ
ѾЩˣݷȴѾͣԭأɫҰףʹӡ
ֻͷһŵĿݷ㣺С㣬ôˣ
ˣң
Ұ㿴
˵ֻ֣Ҫȥݷɲֻһ˲䣬ݷܵ˴̼һĽֻ˦

ݷ˫ֱͷʹĶڵϣ˫֮ʱʱܳѾ˲Ĺ򣬱㽫ڵĲ¥٣ݷ񡭡ƲסԼһ˫аȵһɺ˫ǿ˴Ŀģ
飡
ֻһʱݷ˦˳ȥײǣ۵һֻȴǹ˲Լģҧ۵ĴӵվݷߣС㣬С㣬ͷôˣ
һ£Ͱ㣡
ݷĶͷˤʱܹˣһ򶷵ʱҲ˰ٴˣݷɫʹȴԼĶͷֻɵпһ
ĪͷеѪ鱻ɢˣ
ǻҪ顣
ٵĴҩ˳ֻݷĹǿдݷĸ첲ϡ

ҽȥݷҲ˫Ѫı۾
С㣡
ֻɫһۼֿĽסݷҪˤ壬ҧź촽ݷڵƽƽš
ۼһɫֻ¥ϸļһȷûˣŽŽգݷѰһصĵطϸļݷĴԡ
ةռݷʱݷ㻹δüֻαԼ˹֮ദʱֻȻŸֽݷѹʾݷһֻҲûٺ¶ˡ
Ͼ
ݷ˵Ǵԣ˵ĵطһܿܽ񻯣ԭݷֻʧ䣬һҪǱŪ˱ˣټϣʱֻҽҲûôá
ֻǸţӲҶˡ
ԭΪǰһξݷˤ²ûжˣֻҲû⣬ڿ
ǵˤʱжѻѪ飬Ѫѹ񾭣ֻݷʧȥ˼䣬ݷ֮£ͷ˵ĵطٶܴ˵ʱѪɢ߸ȥ˱𴦣
ǱΣˣ
ֻǰѾֳݷԲĹͼctȻԤϵǰ㣬֮ǰѪ鱻ɢˣȻѪСǰĻ˶⣬ЩСѪڴĴζĻǱܴˣ
Ҫݷܵ飡
ֻĿ⣬ִҩѾ˳佫е˳׼á
ǧӦ˽ƴǺةˣͬĿⵣǵʳڣӣة࡭
⺢ӡ
⺢ǻϵ
ǧȻûֱʳȴѾ˼
ƴǽüةһ⺢ӵȷǿԺӵѪںϵġ
ȷǿԺƴǵѪڣǡ
ǺƴǵѪںˣȴҲһ϶⺢ӾƴǵĺӣϾŲǷˣҪĶҲ޷׼ǡǡҲΪһ㡣
ܽ˵˿϶֤⺢һƴǵģͬģҲܽ˵Ŀ϶⺢һƴǵģ
һѵľأ
ڣϼҼ˼ԣ˿ڿ˵ŲΪ˻ʺ֮λģ˭ܿ˵ͼǶźλֻģ
òʵ֤ݣֻδʱȻǲĺ˺ģȻ˭ûкô
ϣ
ة˼Ƭ̵ƴǵǰſڣʱϼ˾ڹǲóһĽ취ǽƱҪ˫һսˣ
һ˫֣ڶ칬淢Ұݴһ㴵Ҫѹˣ
ΪҲΪ˻ʺİȫ硭Ҹ̨Ӻ󣬲ҺϼҼͣ
µֻסϼҼԴʱˡ

945 뾳

945 뾳
㹻ʱ䣬ҲƴǳȥѰֻة֤ӺƴûйϵةͻȻɫأĿ˸ŵѹĵƴǵĸǰϣȥһ뾳
뾳
ƴһ˫ĽסǴ֮ҽߵĳٹ֮

Ҫ֤⺢ӵݣ˳ٹһ𣬻ةƶĺܶࡣ
ԣǧҲͬĿƴǣӣ¾ةļеǻǽѺɣҲǸ˴һʱ䣡
ƴȻ֪Ľ취õģǷϱȴԽƶࣺʺ֮λֻǻģ
ʺ֮λֻֻġ
ֻλݼ޸ԼѾǹίֻˣȻȻ˸
Ӧκͻ
κĹһ彻
ſƴκҳ̬ȵģȥԣ
ʺ֮λǶϷѾѸ±۷ʲô鶼ܸĵġ
ƴȻ̬ͬһ㣬οóʲô֤ݣƴǶԼйϵ˺ӡıһжŻıˣ
һƴɿڣϼҼӹֵҪ
ʱɲﻢ£ҪӦˣ
ة಼ƵϱͬأƴǺֻ֮ĸ飬ƴеĹǣǻϣ
Կη
䲻ɱˣȴ㹻ܻһˡ
ƴǸոնسȨλδȣҪʱٺĻȲ˵İպʿѾܲסˣЩٹܷŹôõķһĻ
ʱһ֮أƴǵҲӰ졣
°ϼҵõİ취ˣ
С㣬СҲأһ㳼׵ģҲǿȻʺϣԹ빬
˫Ǹ˱˴˵ӵģϼҼȻвȴҲǲ̫ˣ
ǧĿ΢ةĻͬ
ӣҲة˷ǿУҪסϼңȥѰһʺҪģ
һƴǾķôܴ򷢵ˣҪֻϣҪֻϼҼУһƴǾܾϼҼ飬˵ֻǲ˭뿴飡
ϣֱӺϼҼСһǳĻʺ󣬵Ҳ빬ɱҪɻʺⶨּĿϼЮ˻ʺҪ빬Ҳһ˺ʺģǧͻȻһ
ֻ䲼ּ빬Ҳ൱ڱƺϼңϼҪºֶˣǳ׾빬Ĵ㣡
ƴǴƬ֮󱡱Ĵ΢΢Ҳֻˣ
ƴʲô£ֻֻΣա
ֻһ㣬㹻ƴˡ
һ㡭
ֻǳȥʲôˣڻʹеʱͱϼҸץˣǳ֮ϼֵ֮ģ
ڡ
ɫҰףҧŴĿⵣǵĿϼҼϱ鸴ӿϼҼ΢УϱɣȻǳصģ΢Ǹ͸©š
ƴǵʱݷѪιƴǣһ̶ϣݷѪƴǵѪǿڵģ㽫Ǻӽƴȥ֤Ҳ鲻ʲôߡ
һڹֻأ
ϼҼֻԼá
⻹Ҫлλδʺϡ
ԭǴʹ֮нֻܻģɰڹأֻ߾˵һλ书ǿƴǵĸʱ̱ţҪɫĽ°ʵڵ죬˭뵽Ǽţȴ΢ʱǻʺﾹȻԼˣ
춼ڰǣ
һס
ǲȥģĸ֣ɱǸ书ǿ꣬׽δʺﻹǿԵİɣ
ʱϼҵв֤ڣδʺɱȨ
ƴӲйҲòͷˣ
ϼҼ̴ϵıҲһɨ֮ǰ𺣬ĳǲ
ģϼ˵ʲôҲһ˵͹ģϼҼĿƳһԵΪϵĲҰΪ첻ɣ
ⲻ֪ϼҼ֮ʱߵİͻȻŲҴҵĵĸǰ
ˣ
ɫϼҼǵЦҲδüջأӲϣʲô£

946 ʶȨ

946 ʶȨ
ǲȥˣڻûϢ
ռƻֻѾʱˣԳȵȴźʵĻһУҲǸиϢظиˡ
ʱȥôãԾûκεϵҡٶǲȥˣҲûҵ˵Ĵڣʧˣ
˲ΪȴʱǺܿѾˣ
ʲʲô
ϼҼɵıʧתüĽŵĿǰ㱨İǴ˿ǻڻʹϼҼݺݵһ

һȺ
ô˹ȥָʱ䣬ûץˣ˸ȫû
Ҫʲôã
ʲôã
ԭϼҼĵ빬ΪʺʮɵİգڡֻмֵĵƣϼҼϱһأĵҲ硣
Ǽô죿
ӲͷƤ֣ȴϼҼķԸȥִ
ֻϼҼĿֻһ¿ڣȥɣҪĨۼܸ°ѱ֪𣡡
֪ǵ֪ǵݣ²Ҳ²⣬ֻҪûƾʵݣǱģϼҼҲֻصʹ֮ܶԴɱֶ׷ֻҪϼҵϾˣ
ǣ
Ȼȥ
ȴŽĿϼҼ᲻ʧܡ
ᣡ
ϼҼ̬ƶֻһŵƣȴ֤ݵģƴǱǲӦʺ֮λñ빬Ҳڳ֮У
ϼҼ޺޵ҧǸ
ԭʮþȵ飬ֻˣҲζĻʺ֮λûˣֿɵõҫҲôϼҼɫϣǺڻǺӣҪ֮빬ͺܴˣ
ϼҼһ벻ϣȻĺƴǵ뵽һ顣
ϼҼ֮ƴǵҲ˾»ص˴֮С
ϼҼվüӥĿĿͱ˵Ŀƴǣϣ֪ةĽˣ
ǺӣǷʼҵѪ
ƴüĽš
ةǿ׼ʱǰԲЦϼҼ˵ˣҲ֪ǻƭϵҲ֪ģȻһ˹Ѫӣ˭ᷳ˽лϻǺܸмź֮ġ
ʵǴŵԣӭȢΪʺģǺ˺ܶ顭
ةתתǴЩЦڵλʺǻڰȳ֮λ󳼵ĵģ
λȷƴμҵֺͰд󳼵ģֻǣϰֲֻλ꣬ةȻ˵ʲôͿ˵ʲôˣ
Ÿλܲĳ֮еЩƣȻΪ֮𣬵ҲкܶΪ֮
ة鲢ïϼҼȴɻüԡ
ԣѡһȫİ취Թ빬ϼҼأ
ةЦӯӯģνֲЦˣϼҼŭ͵˵ʲôةʼЦ⣬һǻŭҲ޴йߡة˵ĻҲȷûд
书ǿ˵ŵȷ޵Уһӹɵ顣
û䣬αشⶼͨĹҰʿ޷ġ
һ㣬ǾǣЩ˵ȨһİĶֻôɱɱڳ֮Уһֶİ취ɱΣ
ةȻţȴϼҼԼȴûиϼҼ˵˼ĻᣬֱӽϼҼ·ˡ
ο﷽ŽŵʱҲ˵ˣϲǵĻϵģ֮ǰҲҪʲôݵλģֻǲûڡԹ빬ڻϵߣԸҲǳȫ˻ϵĺ֮־˵Ķִ磬ƽ⣬һǲܾģ
һܾ
ҧŴżĿةܾ࣬
ةѻ˵Ķ˵ˣҪ˵ʲôͲͼ֣ƴǵ߱ѾǸˣԼո˵ĻôܾܲܰʯͷԼĽţԼԼĻ˰ɣ
ҡڵֻ֪ûܱץϢ֮л˵ܾĻҲῪˡ
ӦõĻʺ֮𣬵ȴֻܳΪ
ޱ檡
׵ĴǶҪҧѪˣΣĿ⿴ϼҼ·ʾ

947 ļʱ

947 ļʱ
ϼҼȴǽܵѯʵ֮ܿԼĿ⡣
ƺƬ֮󣬻ĵͷǿҪ˵ģȴҪǿװЦ⣺ϡԸġ
ĺӣһõĶ˻ϣܻΰκεοڻϵߣѾܳˣ
ôܲԸأ
ةЦζǺá
ǱŵۺǵĻʺⶨּϹ빬
һϹĴ̶
ϼҼɫҲãǿʺˣȴҪŻʺּ빬ⲻĿŵĴϼҵ
ϼҼ۾⼫ϣҪ̫ˣ
źͳԶûʺּ˼ҪϷߣȻٹһ𣿡
Ц
浱Ǻ۸Ĳɣ
ȥŵںεأ
鱾ƴҪĽִˣúµƴǲǣѾãɻʹеЩȴ̫ǽջ
ةǰҪԲģȴϼҼ˦Щһֱˤ
ϼҼ뿪һҪֵļƣǧٶǰγ˳ƴǺةǰǳʲô
ǰǵ϶䣬Ǵ󲻾֮
ϼҼڣֻǴһĨᣬӦóΪѾҪ͵ˣƴȴҪŻʺּԼ빬
ƴ⵱ǲϲǸʺ
ҪĲϲαظô棬ֱ빬Ϳˣ
ƴǡ
ľǶԼһϲĸоû
ôܻ˵Į顣
ҧŴǲġ
֮ڵ»ָ˼ţ֮ǰڳǽĻҪء
¥֮Уһֻ졣
ںܾ֮ǰѾ̫һݷȴֻӽŵģڣΣѾˣִҩеҽĶ˱ϵߣݷⳡ̫򵥺ܶࡣ
ټݷ屾ͱ̫ǿָЧҲõöࡣ
ҩЧݷ㻺۾ֵֻ㣿
ݷ㲻ԣҪȥԼĶͷ
ʲô飿
Ϊʲôͷ۵
ݷŬҪȥ룬ȴǷԼôҲ벻ֻܽȵĿֻϣȴֻĻش
ֻʵһĵĽ͵С㣬ոͻȻһЩǵõˤ²űȻ𣿡
ʱԴѪѻѾˣ
ݷĵ˵ͷȴޱȵԭˡ
ô
ɻʲôĵط
ֻеݷ㣺С㣬ʱǻصʹ֮ҪĵţʱǲоҵĶ㶯ˣ֪𣿡
ã
ݷ㲻ЦӦ
ҷ
ֻݷ㣬ڲ¥治ԶһŻʹķȥֻ硭
Ѿʼˣ´ʱûеʹҲǴŵ˻ʹȥΪƴǣо빬ˣϧݷڸܼŸ·ֻһҪٶȷɱʹ֮УȥԸǶ
Ȼأ
ϼҼǺ˼ƴǵһĴ𿪣ǵĮʶ͸©ϣҪԲ˳Ľڻʹ֮У
ϼҼ˼⻰ôƴֱ׵˵Щζˣ
úźϼҼ޲ȥŮһ㣬ŮޣʽУֱӽʹ֮С
㣡
һĺûϣ
ϼҼͻȻЦųϷ˼ȴҪ⣡
ϼҼã빬Թݲʺ󣬿ȴҪڻʺ֮ǰ빬ƴǰּ

ϲһЩϺôһˡ
ߡ
ƾֶκƴǵӵݣڹкУ»ʺķͷǹҲûпܣ
˭빬˭빬ֻǺƽ飬ϸ׷ȴźܴĹؼģ
ۼŻʳǽǰԶԶģֻƼΧڳǽŵĵǣͷһ
ݷҲĿ⣬۾衣
㣬ŴǽȥˣǴӲŽɡ
壡
֮ǰݷû˵ʱ߸ߵĳǽƽأǴŸֻҲʲôڣݷ

948 Ů˵Ů˳

948 Ů˵Ů˳
ֻܺúڴţݷѾǼõˣֻѾһие޾ȴҲǲݷ̫Ͼ˵ͷֶ
ݷȴЦſڣ㣬̫Сˡ
˵ǶͷعõȽţͻģһᱣ֤ȣ빬֮ȥæԼУԼ޵
ݷ̬ȼݲֻܾ˵ѾֱֻԽ˳ǽֱֻĻᡣ
ˣ
˲˵أݷЦ⣬һ˫һ᣺㣬𵢸ʱˣϽȥɣ
ľѳۣˣֻҲ㲻˵ʲôˣ
ݷƤģЦ˳
㰡㡭
ֻεҡҡͷȴԾɲĵģҽ㡣
ʱͷҪҩ
ִҩ˵ִ˵δҩ䣬ȴһЩڶʮһ;еҽ֮⣬кֻܶδ½Ʒ߸׼ȷһ˵ҽҩҩƷеǻֻҽ߶ġ
˵޷ȥѰĸƣҲпκݷ˴ڵĹƳˣ
ã
ݷЦţֻҲûŤֱӳųƹȥڼϼҼ֮ǰֻҪúõʰһѹ
ֻߵĴæûע⵽ȥ֮ݷıʧĿеһ𺡣
ֺǸƽݷǽȻͬʡ
Į룬СѪ
֮ڣĪء
ģ̌еĳĵעϼҼԹű
ʺԭ䣬ΪգΪеۺ黹δͣȽ빬е˵
⵽Ҫ̬ȻҪûѰ˽Ϊѻϵ̬

ϼҼɫ˵֮Ѿ̧ǧķ򹥻ȥ˵ʱūŲķݣ
ȻϲܺúõĹԼˣǱϷͰɣ
顪
ͨͨ
֮ڶʱӿ
ةɫţȴ޷ǰ̵ĽëϹžӨ飬µĿϼҼǧҪˣлú˵
ˣ
ϡ
ƴ˳ĺ⣬ӰǿĵǧϼҼǰֹ̧֣ס˵Ķ
ƴȻʲôû˵ɢľµȴ޷ӣ˫ĿҪһһ㡣
ǧεĹӣ
ϼҼȻٲԸȴҲ˼ɵ˦һ˫սƵʱͻȻһ޵洫űһǵ˵ǰ
ϣйãĲһóǰӭأ
ֻЦЦһϮ°ɫĳȹԵӰ޳绨ѩΣƲ۾˼ôһ˲΢΢
ȱŵ̽ӻ㱨ƴǵ»ʺǸòǵˣ˵µһҲΪʱлЩܳԼɡ
Լֻʱ֮ǰ뷨ȫȻˣλȻԵյĿޣֻǰҪԲλˣ
ôһˣǵĳֱǹâڳ˶᲻Ȼʧɫ
ƴˣֻˡ
ȻŸ䣡
ԼӦеˣ涼˵뷨أ
嶶ԽˣǷҡҷƮСҡҡ׹ͬʱֻĿҲ˼ּʡ
˵ӭȢֻţֻΪ˰֮ǰЩɳ˭ţ
ƴǱپӣܷòĻʺΪЩ˵ƴԼŰɣ
ЩˣڵΪԼûƴǵߣƴһ·ƴǵߵԼڳĻʺûˣ
ֻϧûкҩ
Źŵ̬ȣʧֻᣡ
ֻЦ񾲣ĿĿŴڵˣ񿴲޵ڵļһ㣬ƴǵԣ񣺡밲
ѰۺףԵŮӻδ֮ʱڼеȺɵӭȢֻƴǵʵ֮ͬܶ໥Ҳ֪飬ٹҲû̫Ҫ
Ϊֻİȫ룬Ҳһֱֻڹˡ
ֻĳ֣Ǹڳ˳˸衣
ƴϱȻζģĿȥǧةҲ¶Ц⡣
ʺˣ
ʺﲢûбץסһҲ㲻ôŵƺⱻвˣ
ǸϢ

949 빬ôŰ

949  빬ôŰ
ǧةеĻϲֻ밲μ
ƽɡ
ƴȻֻЦݲģȴǻתĿϼҼϡ
ϼҼһĺǰһξеģûʲôֱţſ񡭡һᣬ𡭡
еǰΪԼƴأʼնûа취׿ҸһҲ㵼ֻε뿪ƴǣҪԼһ˹˿ӵĻᡣ
ƴǵѪѶ빬
ǽͬ
ֻƴ֮䲢ûκνᣬ෴˵ĸ׺μᶨκ˶޷׺ģôװװίƴǶš
ʱѾ֮ڵһһʮĻ㱨ԼˣֻҲƴ֮òΪԼİȫ
Ѿƽƴ˵ʲôҲڹ氭ˣǡֻȴŽȻͬĿ
ܾôϼҼţ
ҲֻҪ
ϲʧ䡭
һߴˤɱȴûиϣҪЧõĶ࣡
Լôȥʰ۸Ű
ƴδֵȥҵƳ
Ƭ֮䣬ֻѾ׼˵ԸϼҼ
ƴϱ鵭ĮֻϵЦݲδı䣺ϣʱѾ˽ϼҼϹ˵ˣȻϹҪ빬ģΪ֮綼ҪϹദ罫齻ΣҲǰϤˣ
ԣةĿֻƽûŵĶѾ֮ϲˣû뵽ֻȻȣ
֪бŮƴǵĹ֮󣬲ûаֵƽľĳæƴȥǸŮ˵ȥ
ǹĸ䷶
ǧҲֻ
Ψ
ƴǵ˼֣ϼҼڳƴǲ÷ֻӣܿĽ׵ŭջأͷãǱ㽻ȥɡ
ƴǸֶ»صԭλãǧҲеĳһԡ
ϼҼһߣ
ۺ黹δУЩȴҪȽʺļӰڳ֣
ǣֻȻѾڶĻʺѡˣǱϾĺƴѾˣҲ㲻ǻʺҪӭȢ빬飬ȻҲֲֻͷϣûʸ֡
ɲûʸǶƴ˵ģһŵϼҼ빬ָֻš
˿ܶɵϾ⣬书һǱĴڣҲϼҼҲˮǴֻˣһڳ˵ģ֪
ͬǰǿϼҼԼŮ볾ںĵطɱ
ΪƴǵǰԱȴûֱ˦뿪

һʲôΪ֪ġ
ֻҪƴϼҼлüֵôֻҲ̸еĵƣϼҪŮ޸ƴǣɲƴϼҼŮ¼
˭˭ˣ
ߣ˺ţɲϼҼ
ȣϼֻŵڶ֮һܴŵȫΣϼ֮ǰһλ۵ĴڣϼҼΪ˶Ըۣǲ˲ϼҾĵӣϧȴûɱۣԼԪ
ϼѾʵˡ
㣬Ҳǿװֽϻˡ
ֻµûϼҲֻΪ˾Ӷʵ»Ӧʲô飬ȻôежڳĻзһ
ٿǰװģֻôϲƬ˶֪Ǹ߼ı䡣
ͼֻޡ
м
ĸ߼Ǿ벻飬ʲôұΨһһϲ㣬ֻҪܺҾͺӵȫһǵ͵ĻΪƾƴ룬ʵȴڱŷӵıƴǽܣҡͼֻȽϣҰѰҴֻĻᡣ
Գ棬ԣ׽ֻֻи̣ƴҲܽ׷ϡ
Ůˣ˵ϲǿص㣬һİĽԼŮ˻ҪεŮΪʲôӰԲͿʼ
еǰֻ˺ôĿ
ϣװʲôֻܱ΢ƴǵߣƴǲϲûֻҪÿ춼ƴǵߣĬĬԼͺܸˡ
˶ˡ

950 ɲʲô

950 ɲʲô
ǸʶȤֶ÷ִˣԼȡ˫ǱϾĿȣƽ⣬ô˺˵أ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ۹ᣬݺԼУƴǺԼԽ⿪⣬ҡЩֻԶƴˣ
ежԵĹϵֻҲ̲סֽкá
һн赶ɱ˵õ˾衣
Ҫô֣ҪôһֱһУ֣ǽõ۵֣ûаϵ
ǰǸһһվϲƴǵĳŮӰˣ

һΡ
ֻģţԲٸӵĻᡣ
ֻתڵ˫ĿǺһһҫۣϼҼ⻰˵ģȻѾȰںϹɵֺ̬α᱾һΪʺ󣬻һΪʺأ
ʵٴҲֻ˶ϼҼķӣɼȻŲʼįɵ˳Ӧ糾ĹأǳĻʹƴǳĻϣǳˣϼҼָ㽭ɽԻָ㽭ɽû˻˵Ĳǣǳţ˻ʹ֮УҪѭʹĹء
ôƴǵ׼ʺˣϼҼʲô
ҪûʸƴẠ̊́ܽﻹϼҼʲô˵ĵط
ֻȻЦŵģĿȴ޾ı䡣
ϼҼɵϼҼģֻ¡
Ҳ˵ƴǺݷ߱ţûУƾֻڵҽǿ϶򲻹ϼҼˣӣȴ׾ٵ飬ûʲôµģ˵Ҳ㲻õίȫ
㣡
ȻϼҼֻӶԼֱ˵̬ʱɫԽ뿪Ҫֱֻ̧ȥ
ƴǰһҪ֣·ð»ʺʲôϼҼĿ׸ɱȻҲֻѰ˸ֱӽֻɱˣ
һëѾͷһ磬û˺úõĽһιˣȻˣϷͰɣϼҼҧһһŭ
ʱ򣬾ƴǲҪΪʺҲˣ
֮ڵɫһ
ƴǺǧҲûı㳯ֻķ˹Ҫֻ󱣻
ǡ
ڳģҲ˶ûܷӦֻĶҪˣϼҼֵ˲䣬ֻвغõĴҩѾġ
ϼҼ˲ɫƱã㵵ֻٳûܷӦ
Ǳ˰
һ书ĻëѾͷ
ʧȥĿֲϮϼҼͷĪĻš
ֻǹһĨЦĻȣȻҽ֮ҪϼҼ̸УǱȫ׼򡭡˭ԼЦ
ǰһֻãȻģʯͷӣǽֻǴִҩǰһļͶʱյЩ˵˽ģҪǰһİԸֻĶԲһٶĸˣ
ϼҼ֣
ϧһΣֲϣϼҼΪԸϼҿԣϼҵĵ̣μҾͲУ
ֻ۾ްʲôӣ¼˻֮⣬ûܶԱָʹ
𣿡
ϼҼϰˣϼҵʱ򣬳ϼ˭ʶ˭ƾʲôҪ棿
ο
ƴǻδ˵ʲôأ
ϼҼ˵ķݣ
ԭǧةĶŵɤۣڼֻ˾޵ı֮вɵһֻҲ͡
Ϊһ֮еĲֻǹ󹬵ĿݴȣƴյĹĸ緶Ҫ³費Ǻ͵ʶ
ϼҼǰһ㣬ѾҵǿĹˣ
ƴǡֻ˸ŲһĹâĴԭŭŵģһȴ΢΢ԾĹһĨȡ
һĨȣɣ
ֻ׽˶Ծ
ϼҼҪŮ빬Ǳóĵ̬ȣˡǳ㣬û˹ϼҼ𣡡ֻдЩϣǧ£Ϳͣ
ֻ
ֲϼҼԶŮ빬ģ
׻˭ĺֻ֪֪֪Ҳ֪ҪвֻδҲ̫쿪ˡ
ոһ룬ֻǸϼҼһ棬ڸһѶҽĿɲֻϼҵЩˣĳ»ʺҲ߳ҽһϼҼʧȥս
οһ̥

951 ̨׾

951 ̨׾
ֻüЦǱ䣬ҪǾȥ
ԭܶڴбнȻͬĽϼҼҪ˺ֻмַ֤ǺӲƴǵĹѪʱ򡭡ϲÿĿɾϼҼˣ
ֻţϼҼֻؿںһŻһ㣡
ǽһССֻУֻǼɵֻҽϾ֮Կôŵĳ볯ĻʹȫȻΪһӤʬ壬ָƴǵĹѪԴǣƴǣҪֻһλҽ߳ĴڵĻ
һֻҳƴǹѪ֤ˣ
Ǵ
С
ϼҼԼű˵ֱ˿ʱȴŬɻţֻ֪϶ʲôֽţҪֻǵʱסѨλʧȥãҪǶĻ
ˣ
ǧ˷ܣͿϼҼˬˣӦʺôӢģֱӽ˸ϳȥˣڻʹ֮ôʱ䣬ǿžķ
ֻǧǰ
״ȰĿƴǵϣκƴǸͶԼӶҪֻֻռĵλˣ
û취
ƴǶӶȴֻǿҧϼҼǰȰܾܲ˳ֻĻ˵޷빬ˣϼڵͲϼҼ¡
ɡ
ʺ
׵ĴǱҧʺ죬һ˫ˮ峺Ҳ΢ŵĿֻӯӯˮһҸײǴĶԻϺͻʺﲻģֻնǴ֮УܶĹض˵ҲǰûصģʺﲻҪϣ
ûҪϵ˼ֻҪڻϵߣֻĬĬλţ㣬б˼ģ
ϼҼ˦ǵǲ֪ģǼһֻ۸
ǧ̽ԵֻȻ׽͸ֻ˼ˣҲ֪С㾿ĲֻǸڣҪĽϼҼ򷢳ȥģ
ة಼Ƶۿһ˫۾˸žĿ⣬ϸƳֻڴֻı֣֪ΪʲôةֻĪģЩʱ򣬲òŮ˳±˳ҪõĶֻ࣬һ֮ĸ֮ףҲƴʡĲ١
ƴҲǹŵ̬ȣһӦȨֻá
ֻϵʧתҲ𻡶ȣã㿴㣬˵⻰̫ˡ
Ǿ֮߱ͲӦֻ˭ĳһ̷ж˼Ҳãպ໥֣չ˻ϣƽҲ໥飬ӸöȤ
˵ʲôĬĬĿŻϾͺãĵĺ
ֻŵĿ⿴
֮ʱٶȾڵˡ
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֪ΪʲôǧͻȻƴǣһλԸأ˼˲һĻʺǻԺҲҪѹˡ
ȻǺûܻɵҲǻϵѪҲǳĹһλˣպڹкúõĵӣȡƽƽϵ»ӡ
ҲԵϣԵƼˣ
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ѡ˭빬ѡβѡһ˳ֶ÷ִģ
ûа취ΪĵѣԺӲѹ˵𣿡
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ͺ빬ͻȻȻһ
ûҲŮ빬Ƚ֮£ԼԸǱȽϺദġ
ֻЦҲֹס۽ǵۣɵĿֻ˵ͷʺ˵ǣܽˡ
䣬պǻʺݵԲʺ鷳
Ͷ
ֻϻ¶Ц⣬̧ĿƳϼҼϼҼŶеˡ
ֻһǸˣ֣õõѾõˣҲ˳̨£ܲܵϼҼô˺ҲҪϼҼϹȥǣ

952 ϲ

952 ϲ
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ֻЦӯӯģһ˫ڵת֮ѾгһĿƴǣϣ۳Ͷٺòײ˳ȥȷЩΪ֮ɣձĵǻ䣬õʱһ⣬סڳ޵Ķ淼ɣô
ƴǲԣȴֻϵЦ⣬ܷӣͳɳƵ𣺡Ȼʺ󿪿ڣǱ㰴ջʺҪɣ
ɫϲ
ƴǵǻԼһͬܲ⣬»ʺ󷽲˵ľȻǼٻǵǴҪԼúõ봦ˣ
Ͼڻϵǻϱ⣬Ҫ͵ۺһͬܰٹٳݵģʱպֻ˵˺ܶԼĵλҲһȣ
Լƴǵǰ޷ɲֻȻ͸ԼһЩܳˡ
ʺ񰮣ġæлֻڣһֱϼҼҲֻİź⣬ȻǻʺȴҲ˹е٣Ǳƴǻµģ
ϼҼֻҲ˼̽ȴǲδֵģֻǸֶվûжԡ
ֻϼҼı鿴УѾȻȴŴƣʱҲˣǧһȥϤɣҷԸƹҪյۺ֮ǰá
ǣ
ǧֻĵͷ
ʱæҪ¶ǿ϶ˣֻܴǰѡһģȻ˰ĳߴƣ㲻Ҫ⣬ĺҲˡ
ֻɫȻĽš
򴽣Ļϲڸۺһٹٵĳ棬ôһѵǲµأοֻҲǰʺļƶɵģûʲôˡ
ʺ˵Ļףлʺ
ֻ򴽣׵ĵϲþ۵ףѾźãʣµľ͵ԼϹˡ
ϣȻҲѾɣǳ檱ˣ
ȥɡƴǵȻĵͷ
ֻӯӯĳƴǹ֮бǹҪȥݷ㣬˳޵úòһ˿ڸȾһ빬ҪܾöܺͼеˣǺúõĺϼҼ˵һ𡣡
䣬ֻ߳޵
޵ȴأһةЦǺǵĳԲϼҼʺ壬һԷˣڳǽŵЩϼҵӡ
Ҳʱó˰ɣ
ϼҼƳةһۣ㽫Ŀϣ۽ǵۣģϼҼףõŮŮڹлúõչԼģ
лŮɣ
һеĿҲѾﵽˣôϼҵĵڳǽҲȷ̫ãҲȷǸóˣȻƴǵУ㳹û֮ˡ
ƴеӡͲˡ
Ҳ֮²⣬ҪҲƴǲ׵ĽԼ빬ƴΪӦõҪӭȢԼΪĻʺµͷȴͻȻڣȴ֪һƴǾõ˭Ҳܸˡ
ƴǵ⡭
ʶҧŴȻǲԲŻҪֶ빬ģţպֻҪԸȣܻлȡֻΪƴͷϵͷһˣ
ϼҼĿƴǹ˹֣ǣ
ƴ˸ŵĿһۣͳ΢żƣ룺ҲȥϢɡ
Щʱȥ㡣
ǣ
οͻϲŵǳǳĻһĨЦ⣬ƴǵײǸ֮ˣӦǻľ֮ģֻΪ⼸ʱ˳ʲôԼ֪ıʣŻûʺ֮λ˵ϣ
ֻҪƴǵлԼһ飬ͺܺ
ʱ˵Ҫȳ谮ʵõĶ࣡
̬ŵƴǸˣǧǽ·
޵֮ڶʱֻʣةƴˣϡʺ˾١
ʺһֱǸޥĵˣ˾ҲдŻ˵İɣ
ûһ˻ҪŮԼķĵµĽ£ȷЩȵĵޱ䣬ƾةֻʶӡֻ֪Բˡ
ңةƴǵ˽⣬ѿƴǶֻڴ֮˵һЩ΢ŭ

953 д

953 д
ةżųԲ
ֻǸıҽ߳ĺûʺƴǵ߸¾ǵۺҪʱˣǧܳʲô
ةˣƴǲɵ̾һеƣŨة࣬ף
ة඼ܿοԼأ
ǼƴףеҲʵʵġ
ǲġôںԼأֻߣûԼеǰ㣬ںԼأ
ةȻƴ׾ͺˣ΢ȸˡ
ȨΪһة࣬ةҲкܶҪȥͬƴǸ֮󣬱Ƶ뿪ˣ֮˲ʱֻʣƴһˣҲƴĨӰԽݺį
ӵ
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¡ʵҪԼһЩ
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á
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ү
㣬Ƕڣ
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Щȥ˰
ǽлϵĻأ
ֻ֪ʧ˵Ϣʱ򣬲һԿƴɫŰ˼֡
ƴȣϲвŭɫˣԵ仯ҲļǹֻǵֻŵС
ֻЦ֣ãæС°һ˿ڡ
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֮ǰЩ˽˵飬Ϊ˵ֱ뿪ģǻȥֻȴʱֻûþҪôȥƴǽ͡
ƴϾҪˣȴôؼʱ뿪ȥĻʹ
κƴǽ
˵Ϲûа꣬⻰˵û˻ţǡҪ˵ֵֻ꣬ĵȷȷס
Ե޹ʵռԭ壬ܲԭԸɾİõĽԭݻϰɣ
ﵽǹŴ
Ȳ˼뿪ŵִ
޹ˣֻԼ˲ϵģϹûз֮ʵ⻰˵ȥ˭ţ
ֻԽԽڡ
ƴǿܻ᲻ֻ֮ǰĹΣΪǻϾ˻ʶѾ飬ֻٺϹйأƴǱ㲻ô׵ĺ˵ˡ
ߣֻ͵͵ĺݷ뿪Ѱ˸ڿȥأƴæڳҲ㲻ᷢˣϧһ裬һƴץ˸ţֻҲΣ
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㣬ôܵôԶ㲻֪ڵ֪ǲڻʹʱϵı飬ּͻȻͷĿֻ㣬οҪúõĺͻ˵һƽϢеŭˡ
Ҳֻ֪ΪʲôҪԶܻصһˣǲȴ֪һΡƴûô򵥵ԭֻ˵ʲôҲҪֻ͸ͷһˡ
ֻͬȰĿŲ룺룬⼸СҪչˣ
ô᲻֪ƴˣãֻֻӲͷƤȥƴԭˡ
ʵϸеǰ֮ĸ鿲ĴǺƽ˳죬һ·໥λ໥֣ûйִµֻʲôû˵ֻһֽƴǱȥɽȵʱƴҲûжʱֱֻ

954 Ҵ

954 Ҵ
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νԣž˰ɣ
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罻˵˸ϴĺã
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ڰǰµƴǷеĶ̧ۿֻü΢ţڴֻȴ˵ֻֻһԭΡ
ֻĴΪѵʱƴǵһĴ㻺˵ɣȥˣ
ֻһ仰ֻһ㣬峺ˮ˫̺Źһ
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ƴǽü΢΢ţͳڣ𣿡
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ֻȴƶҡͷںԼ𡣡
ǰֻĬĬϲϹȴԼռ壬Ϲֵ֮ԻȥһΪϹΪԭںԼ
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955 ͬԼ

955 ͬԼ
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ֻһǼĪδŻشƴǵĻǻǰƴǵ֣ƴǵ䣬ֻԼƴǿĺϣŵƴϵ̴ζĸܵƴǵؿƵʣĽƴӵڻС
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ֻ˵ʵϲϹ֮ǰϲϹǸ˲ֻ˱˵Żһˣֻûа취ֱƴ¶Լ⡣
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ֻؾĺش𣬵ǣֻشһ˲䣬Ѿ֮·ȥߡ
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ܵ΢΢ֻһ仰ƴǺеŭȫȻɢһ㡣
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ƴȴľϲ
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ûܷƴǣûܷƴǣ

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»㱨ݷʱ˺صˣƴǲ룬ҪûݷôҪЩƶֻ޸֮Ůӵϣֻô
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ƴǻعֵֻԼĻУҹ˫˿עֻĿֻն£ӣһӨĺ촽֮ϡ
ȥֻǳֹǣȴһ·£˿ֻıأԵء
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ƴīĺ֮ͫĿ˸ڼ̣ĴֻѾҧĺ׵Ĵƿᵽֻ۽£Щۡ
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ƴοϲٵ˼Լһ㡣
Ժһúö㡣
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ȻǲȱԵˣôڻϵ̷ţԼҲܵ˳ӵ
ǧ˲һۣЦӯӯһ˫˲ԣһӶ⣬ֻϵζ㣺ٺ٣Ҫǻʺķ˺óԣҲŲأҪ죡
ɫǺ죺㡭㡭Ҫˣ
ǧ׷ŵܣȴõĿһЦŵݷֻС㣬ҪͻϳˣʱҲǳһ֮ĸ󣬵ʱ¿򲻸Һͬˣ
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ʺﱾǺģҪ֪˹֮ӵˣɳΪӵȴһ˼ֻҪ̷ϣضָ֮أûϵʺﲻɻʺǺҪѧϰȴ˵ʺ㡣
һԻʺĲ𾴣ɻʺҪڵⷣվʱģҲԵġ
ְŵ¶˼ֲȻЦݣȻˣū֪ǲ⣬ҪײʺģϾŸ빬˵ׯôܻԻʺﲻأ

963 ֳŰ

963  ֳŰ
⹬оϵֻǸܶˣЩȴһˣ˵ʲôʲôǶֱӲ˼ֱ׵˵ţء
һҲĻ
ңڲˣСʱѧصʱԼмִϻۣͶȡɣʱѧùأԿŶԣαأ
ʺĵġ
檲Ҫﲻ
ɫǺ죬ɫš
ֻЦȴҪǿװɵģû£Ǽ̵ѧϰ
ִ֮䣬Ѿ˰ڻֻʧȥȨ
λϵڣα⣬ǶվǸֻ»˽⵽ˣ⹬Ȼ˭Ӧġ
֮Ѿܡ
ȫȻĵŵһ
жʱһִܸУԭ밲ʱ滹żֻ֮󣬸ֻֻѾΪƴǵĻʺ󣬿ƴȴ
˵ʲô໥ֵģѹţ
Դƴ֮ȻһֱûǢƴǵϢȴֲĶţǺ˽ˣ»ʺųƴǵǰģһƴǵ˽⡣
ΪһŮˣԼɷȴԼ
ƴΪһˣԼϵģֻͬ˵һ˵治ҲŹ֣
û뵽ֻٶҪ죬ûڼֻʵֻ˵أҪֳѧ
ʲô
ҪֳŰ𣿣
Ŀ仯ȴֳֵͿˡ
Ϳֻڳһ׵˵ǰãڲһ׵˵ǰûκεЧ˾÷С
ٶ˵ˡ
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˵ҲٸֻһЩǰ֣ҧʧѪɫĴǣˡ
ѧ˹أֻʲô˵
ֺͳֵõֻ㵱治Ľ̵ڽ̵ʱʲôĵطˡǻţūʲô鶼Ǿ룡Ϊã
νʳסУǱȴ濪ʼѧϰɣ
ǰϵȹ
ɴ˫û뵽ǰλ־Ȼô󵨣
Ѿòִˣ˾ȻҶԼ֣
Ҳǹ
ܹȺݣֻλߵˣūôң
ٺõԣҲ̲סġ
Ҫʲô
ſ
ſң
ʶκСţôոŴֵֻĶֺ֣ͳֶǰûʲô㽫ֹסˣ
ǲķԣֱָͬлʺΪΪգĵһ֮ĸϣ빬Ϊһ̿ʼϱ㲻ٴĵ˵ͼˣҲɣ
⣬ɫҲܴ
һѾǴ󲻾֮ˣ빬ȷǲЩأūǲû˵ʲôֱӽϵһ·ߣʺﲻƽϣպԽǱҪģ
ֺͳָ㷴Ļᡣ
ʳ
žžž
ֽϰһѶһԣ֣ܿıй˳ǰӰڷ˼µСˣޱĽѣֻʣµ˺ľԣŵѶû
ȶһЩūϲϹء
˫΢죬ݺݵƳһ֣ʧѪɫĴѾҧѪȴʲôû˵ֱӹԹԶ֣Ȼ
ȴ֮£ǳֱŽߵĸǰô˫ϸ޳ָ

˻
ʹĵͺ漴Լĺ׵֣Ŀֺͳ֡
ֺȴʼޱ飬ֻѭ浸صĿڡ
ԣԣԡ
ЩһʼǴģûһǶԵġ
̫ûˣԼڷŵʱǿպϣҪͻһţ̫ûأǻû϶ŭģ
ΪһӦԻϺͻʺΪȣʲô飬ûйأҪλȶܶߡϲԵĶܶһӣʺĸҲһ

964 ûһǶԵ

964 ûһǶԵ
ԲԲԡ
һʼǴġ
ûһǶԵġ
ֺûи°ֵ棬Ȼĵֻһɹ˵ǰָΪ˵Ĳԡ
ٺõ̴ʱҲǲɵɫҰףֺͳֵĿԹޡ
۵ǰǸʲô
ôҲǻ׷ĹǲҪѧϰƾʲô⶯
ﷸʲô
һʼ֪Щﻹֵ
ʺδ̫խˣǹ˽𣬼ٽأʵֻˣ
ϼҼѡ͵ߵģȻܺҲ⹬ĵˣֺܷͳȴ治ɫǰ
ž
ֱ˶ϣȥİ֣ϸ۰˲ҲѪ

һҽеԼգԹ޵֣ȴ⣺ֻǹҪúѧϰһ¹أߵĹҲҪúõѧϰһ¹ˣ
ʺֱݿģ
Ī˵ʺûдҲֻǻϺ̵ֻ̫̫лһʸָʺĲǣ𣿡
۾Ƶۿ£һ˫۾ĿϣҿΪһ䲻أʱƽ϶ԻʺĴ󲻾ʲô
ҲڳƵСУ
СѾߣӦ֪б𣬻֪ʷɶ
ֻǰѾԸĹ˽ǿϳȥȥʮСʹ룬պٷǱ㲻ڹ̷ˣ
ֵ۾ɪɪĹǰȾū澣Ⱦū澰
˫׵޵ίĺ᣺Ƕ𣿡
֪ԼװûõģǶϾҲŮǽڽԼⲻҪȥҲֻذ°ˣǽվǽ𷣣ǲĴ档
ǴСûлӴЩе飬ȴҲ֪ϵҪԡ
򹷻Ҫˡ
ǴǶû˵У޲ԼֱܹأϻùһЩ
ŭҧûԼۿеҵŮȴǻ׷Ĺ֪⹬еĹأӦ֪Լݣ̵ļūʲôʸ񶯱ˣ
һԵֻϷ̬ȿֺѧͦ죬Ȼ֪ԳƱݵȼ˵¶ˣ
һߣħһɡ
ɫ΢䣬ȴǰ¶˼ЦݣȴҲֻЦ
⻰˵ĵȷûȻʺｫūָѧأǿūǣǽ̵ȫȨūǣūǶʸ̵οһŮܲ˵ݱҪɣ
ϳȥ򣡡
۵ЦԽķˣҧ³ô֣ĹǱǿнϳȥˣϵܿıԵ⴫
ž
ž

ָ׶ҪҲû취
ֻƴǵϲǻʺ֮𣬵껹Żͬʹ꣬Ȩƻϻģֻռ˸ȫ棬һ󹬳Ϊܺʹƴ࿹⣿
ϼҼļ򵥣Ҫ빬ΪֻҪܵƴǵĳ谮ܴƴǵ߷磬ǵļƻܳɹǴش
Ī˵ƴǱΪʵһıܻΣƣĳΪƴǵĳΣ
󹬺ǰܲɷֵģϼһ޸ֻһĳɲ򣬿ҡֻڣĳ˵Ҳݳޣαء
αطҪʾ֭Ľʹ
оḻֶ˵͸ҪƴǺֻռˣ
ū澲û˼ȥֻ˵ˣļǣ˿ָ£Ҫ⡣
ѡ빬͸Щ׼ģݹȻ⣬ȴҲо׻˵ĺãҪõĸ࣬ҲһҪࡣ
ȻҪ˵ķ⣬ƱҪܵļ֣úõĽѧã

965 ŵװ

965 ŵװ
һ˵ĺϬ
ܲ൱ͲӦýȻҪΪǾӦֵַûеڱ飬ޣҲ˭׵ġ
ܻһЩعصĹںкаԵɣǸһ
ƴǲǸԼĹ
ֻͬῴ
ū澵ȷǸū˸ѡ
žžž
žž˼ƣܿģСŮ˸ḷ̌Ķǡ

Ŀ⾪֣ʶҪװˡ
ʹ˾ģڹ˵ϲῴ˺ۣϵʱǷȴġ
ֻССģ۵ʵȴǱȷŵ˫صĶˡ
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ֽУһûһµô򣬿ǿȴÿһ¶ôĿģͺǻһ㣺ɣ
ֿе΢΢һ
˿ӣСš
涫ĿܿıֹͣˣӦѾϻȥˡ
ƹʱֻʣһˣҪ˵ʲôҪʲôǱλָŵװס
ֻŲɵ֮̾ǰִʱ򣬿ЩʰĻһһģʲô޴ÿЩˣúõһôܱץסš
ڡ
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Щֿɲֻʹ󣬸ڹ澭εģݵһЩʣµĲεܴӦ
ʱ䣬ֻҲӦúЩǶѧϰǽѧ˹֮ԼٶԸʱҲࡣ
һʳ֮˳ûдҲܵˣЪһЪɲħԵٶˣȻ밲빬֮һθʺ밲Ǳиʺʺ֮ǻȥķټѧŹصİɣ
ϾѧؿɲһվȫѧõģܲһֱڻʺĹ߶š
ֻ£СŮǱ˲豭Ȳ衣
Ϊǵһθʺ밲ҲҪ¡һЩҪպպʺ㲻ôˡ
ڡ
һˮ
Ѿľˣʱûҵõİ취ֻƴǵȥĻֻܹԹ
Щָѧ˲٣֪ˣ˺ŮǽȻ֣ͬ˵ǰѧһףŮ˵б˽飬ûаôԼԲٵĿͷ
ˮ̡
аƵָոʱЩֱӽ໨ɲ豭˦ȥ
˻
ɵõͺɫʹ࣬Ҫе໨ɲ豭¡
ִķӦ۵ףźۼĽĿջأʱڽͼֹסˣʺ밲֮ʱҪ˫һ𣬽豭ڶͷǰǰľ룬󹧾˫ϥ£˷Σ֤Իʺľ֮顣
ųֵĻɫɵñ˱䡣
Ȼ׳ţûнܹЩ׵Ĺؽ̵Ҳ˳ָո˵Щصʲô˼
ǡ
ҽŵʱе
ֻų˵ģҪҽŵʱеӿϽ
ǹ֮˵пŵǷޣֻʺǰԶңԶҪֻš
ܣһ㡭ȴ׶Ĵ̹ǵġ
Ϊ̫˽ΪҾʲô³
ţͺܶ˵УϼҼŮˣһԺܹϵ׺ĸŮϼҼ۰ģΪ룬Լ֪ʲôǧ谮ϼҴС㣬
Ůˡ
ĸϼҼϼҵŮϼҼһҹĹѪ
ںСʱĸŮ˸ܴϼҼԺ󣬿ϼҼ޴ȴΪжд̣޲÷ַҪǵ
˱ŷӻĥĸףҲԲůҪȥһЩĴֻ
ֱòҲ֪ǹ׵ĽҪϼĵӣűϼҼǸν׸Сݡ

966 

966 
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ȴѾ˸ˡ
ϼҼǿݣʳָ֣ĸҲһͬף֪ϼҼ֮ת䣬Ϊò֪պȻ;ˣ
ԲҪǰϼҼĿԼĿУʼնֻ֣ܿûа飡
棬ҲûнϼҼס
ϼҼҲֻϼҼ
ҲҺãжϼҼû̫ûҲ̫ʧҪһˣ
ϼҼ˵ʲôֻӣԼȥӴ˭ԼҪȥӴ˭ԼеĺӣҪҪΪĻʺҲҪ
·ǿһ㣬Լϲá
ĹҲҪĿԼĻС
ûа취˵ܷϼҼΪ˺ͼҪϼҼ⣬ɻıһٲҾ徵Ķ򣬸ıĥںʱ򣬱֪Ҫȥ
ҪúõĻȥһҪɫίȫԼȡԼҪһС
װ˳ӣװϼҼĻΪʺ
ʵﱾϣҲԸġ
ƴǵòˣʲףѧʶݵλǸ̳ݣܼ޸ƴǣõƴǵıӻһӶ޲ĸ
ڽӴƴǵʱֻҪƴǵϵõôڼۺ֮ʱƴǰСĿᣬ䱦ƵĶԴֻʱ
Ķˡ
ҲҪƴǰԼҲҪƴǹе񣬸Ҫƴһݵĳ谮
ֻƴǴӦԼ빬ʱϲģ빬֮ȴǲʧ
һжԼĲһ
ƴǲ֪Ϊλô飬ԼеȫȻͬûнԼǾǰأڿԼʱĨȴĴʹġ
š
ޡ
֪ƴΪʲôƴ飬¡
ԭΪԼƴо֮ǿһݾ֮ƴôҲƴԼģ֪󹬵ףҲȻȻѡڽ֮ȴ⹬еԼеȫһ
빬ʱĵľƴǻԼõһģҲûˣ
ǰĹϵĲ԰ױֶ˼֣е໨ɲ豭ֻ¶ϵḶ́һϴݲԾģֶŶʱˮҲܿƵĵ
ĸ׵ĲʹģΪϼҼأԼһһĽ֣ȴӲ˵׽Ūĸ׳˱˵ңҲ檡
¼߹檡
ֻ۾쳣ֻ֡
֮ǰôʰֻɫҰװˣʿ
ڡ
̧ͷ˲䣬ȷǿ˵ġ
ǷԼֻҪģùˮʱһЩ¶ȣȴҲֻǸһЩ¶ȣǿ϶ģҲֻһЩֲҪôôҲھͿ˰ɣ
ֻĿĿųֺ֣ȻȴûҪΪĴˣ밲Ҳˣ
ѰƴǺݷϹƳĽİ취ʱδزһͻƿڡ
ֻĿ˸
ֺͳֻĵ˵ͷҪ˵ڵ˻ȥֻǵĴߴֻ裺ɣ
ҧŴе˻ȥճַ˵Ķֻ
ֻ΢̧Щ۵İ˰֣ˣҲˡ
ϹȻΪһ֮ĸȴҲҪչ£Ȼܻί̵ЩϿպڹľһЩҲױĿˣ
°ɣ
ǣлʺ
һ뿪˳Ƶֻüͷšĸˣǣһȥ̵ɣʱ䲻̫ãҲ̫̣ʹšΪްɡ
µʱ㹻һЩͷˣ̫ˣӼ˻ҧأ
ҪĽƼˣЩʲô׵͵òʧˣ
ֻзִ硣
ǣ
ūģ
ֺ£֮ڶʱյֻ࣬ƴ³ʱҲˣתĹ˷Ըȥ׼ŰɣϹ³һš

967 ʵ۲

967  ʵ۲
һµĲȶζֲȱ嵭ʺϳš
ֻһж׼ûãϲһӰƴһɫۣüӥĿ֮أӰڹ˵ĳ֮Խ֥档
ҹƴǵֻͣԾĺգߵĵͷ
ƴǱĴ΢΢һĨȣʯһڵ˫Ŀ貣Ƭ֮Ѿֻߣֻܷܷϸ
Һ㡣
ƴǵͳɳƵڶȵӺֻɫԽ糺죬ڵһƴǣ˵ƴǣʲôǶأ
ҪǴȥǽЦˣ
óĻϣһ֮Ӣ䣬ǲŸոϳô򣬱ԼĻʺ˵ˣ
ᰡ
Ҳ֪ǲõԭ򣬾ֻͼƿƴǵʱ򣬺ܿ޵Ĺ͵ЦֻӾˡ
ƴȴЩԾĴֲɷ˵ֻ䣬ԵЩˣĿƺܵγˮĿֻƺֻһ㡣
ֻ
˭һһЦôǣƴǵң˭ϵζζƴǵֹܺã뽫ֻһֱԼߣʱ䶼Ź
³֮һ·ϣƴһֱǴǵųƵиʱ޿̲ǣֻҪһֻԴοе˼
һ·϶ΣǼֻܷ֣
ƴǵЩԵЩš
ʲô˵ʲôģƴǽ°ֻĲֻ̰ϵĸ㣬Ц
ڹ浱ҪıǻԹɫƴѡ̷ֻߵ˶ǰȫɿĵϵǿƴǺֻôҲᵽ浽ֻĵ鲻ᷢǹĹۿҲǲҵġ
ӡ
ǣϺͻʺദôֱȥ˵һһ
Ȼ
ƴǻ֮޵ԭ̷Ĺˣڼͷ̧һ¡
ۡ
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˸ŵˡ
ƴü޲ϡ
ûС
ʲôҲû
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ֻŵĿƴǣһҪҪأ
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Яֵ˺ľԲԣֻһչƴţһ߿Լеɻ󣺡аأ
ΪڵǻʱûܼӰӣ
ʱֻմæ׼ۺ׼һӦûʱȥߵ˵ڵۺ֮ϣֻһϺ̨׽ȺݹصʱȴܶûϹӰ
˵һҪۼֻ֤ƴǴ
ȻԼûֻܺһ𣬵ôֻܿҸҲԼԸġ
ǲǳʲô飿
ֻü֮Ŀⵣǣƴȴͬšü˵ͷϢˣܴһӲأӻ㱨ϢûõĻ·ˡ
ûõĻ·
ϢʱֻҲɵóһ¡
ߵʱϵ廹ǿЦǺǵ˵ҪϹӭȢŴٰ񣬿ɲ롭ûĹ򣬾Ȼǲصĳ̶ȣûĻ·ˡ
ҲǣϹͻʺڻϵô꣬һֱĻϵεģºϹľȵϹڻнʮĵλ
һѣǱε˱ѣ˭ǶܲסĴҲǳ֮еġ

ֻǵȷôʱ˲ɵꡣ
а»عΪ׼ǻ
ֻ̽ŵʵ
еǰϹǰҲ念ıֻ̫࣬Ѿȫ֪ᷢʲôˡ
ϹЩƴѧ˲ٵĶɳΪȴһ򵥵飬
ָֻ˼ҶɵõǣοϹˡ
Ҳǲùɣ
ֻɻ֮£ƴǻĵ˵ͷš
ҹϢô˵ģ⽫λò˶ãǱӵǻΪ۵Ϣˣ
õĻҲֻʣϹһˣ
¿ɵǺˣϲϹϹ˵վǻѡһΪ̳ˣȻ֮ǰΪѣɲ

968 ׼һ

968 ׼һ
Ҳͬ˵顣
ǻƱػᴫŸǣǰȥأӦǰЩ׼⡭ƴͻȻһ٣ı鿴ֻ⣬ǵҶ˵ģһиһ˫Ľڣ
ΪǳĵĹ涨ĸֻܽҽڹ⣬񡭡ҲҪѰ˻ȥҽģ
ϹͬƴǵĹϵ׺ǻΪۣƴһҪڳģȥһز٣һ˳ҲһѵĻᣬ˳ȥһ棬˶Ŀ˻ɣܴﵽԼĿġ
ϾڿΪʵˣһһ˵ע֮£иڣһжӦء
ֻĵͷϱҲá
׵ġ
ƴǡ
أ
ֻĲһЩǰһص˳ʱ򣬲Ѿˣһһڻʹ֮УɵǻͬûƼӰӣҲ˰ɣ
ֻùʧġ
һ˹˳ĻʹҲûм׽ˣݷƴǣʣ¹ϵҪõҲǲˡ
ҪǲˣӦûįİɣв롭ƴǵˣҪǾôֱӵĻţ᲻ܷ
ֻв治뵣ǣ˵˲룬ƴǵҲų˼֣

ŵˡ
ƴֻǰûʲôܣֻͲĹϵֺܺãȨ֪Ҫˡ
⼸հɣ
˵ˣҪԼǻԸ֮뿪ġ
ѾˣҲռƻ빬ǲȥʱˡ
ֻĿϱζ
롣
أ
ɽУСͲ֮ľٶֻǿеģΪǸݷ֮ĹϵЩ֪Ůֻ֮˲֮ĸˡ
ɣ˵涼ãɻŵģԹ壬ֻΪҲ㿴ĺףӦǱ˴ű˴˵Ĵڵģ˵һ˿ֵòأ
᲻ߡ
˽ֻҲԸⲻݷһġ
Сʧ֮ǰ̫ˡ
Сʧȥ飬Ǳģ֮ҪϼҵƺϼҼĥòһԸӽ׽ȴҲϼҼԤı
ĿֻΪҪɱС㡭
ƽĶۣһˣܵЩʱԸ񶼻֮䣬СԸƫִֻǴϵġ
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ʱ϶ǴЦģϲദʱǻᱻǻõԸЦԾıȾĿͺһ⡣
һɢڰ⡣
պвСչţлСָ䣬ҲԸϷܴĸıġ
Ͼ˰ˣڣпȴ󲻵ĶҲȫõˣòȥΪɱԵˣ϶᲻ġ
ŮҪӶŮһЩֻҪܿ飬˵ĸ鶼ĺĸҪǿݷģСЩԸãȻ޸С
ֻüŵƴǣȴѾû˼ŵ˼ƴǣŰɣЩҪҲȥ˵
䣬ֻ㲻ȥƴǵɫֱ޵
桭
ƴһʱ֮ûӦ˸ոջлҳأֻȻֱӰһˣȴȥҲˣƴ۰Ͱ͵ĿֻһδĲȣֻ֮ջĿԹ
û취ֻҪȥҲ˵һЩŮ֮Ҫ˵ĻģܲƴҲ׿һȥŰɣ˵лкܶڵԼȥƴֻϵĵ̫ˡ
ǰûбɹʱֻһһŸɱư񱨳ɹ˻ϣȴҪʱʱ̿Ÿƴգһʵµĺڳ֮лҪȨƺ⡣
ҲΪǰƴǲԸΪʵۣѡĴԭˣ
ֻŲɿ죬ȥһ˲סŵ޵ۼ޵ѾĴյˣѶʰĸɾ࣬ʲôۼûѯĹ˸ֻĻشǣѾˣ
ûã
Ҳû߶Զˣ
׷ü
ֻתŹ޵ȥ
ʺҪȥİ
ǽֻ󣬰æȹڣЩ֪룬ֻȴǹ˲ýͣʱһУنµĺ˵֮󣬲붼Զˣ
ֻʺĹװ̫֮һҪԼָһЩ

969 һЩź

969 һЩź
ֻŲҴңȴڼ˹ǰٿͣסŲ۷
뿪Լ޵ûһȴǼӿ˽Ųһ·׷ãʼնûܼӰҪ뿪ǣҲӦߵ˾㵱ǴҪ뿪˼ҲӦһԥġ
ֻжʱһͷû뿪ʹǡ
ڳƵƫ
Сˣֻ㽫С㰲˳ƵƫоסԼʱչơ
ԭŮӦģݷةӣɱϾҲǳӣκΪֻ˵ģֵĵȷȷͷʱշҪ˻ƴҲͬˡ
ֻŲҴңȻüڳƵմƶŲתȥĲ롣
һ筺ɫ⻨ȹϲͬѰʱЦįĸοյ񻨴עŴˣϱŰңֻͷһҺļʱȻҪ뿪ˣ
ֻеĵѹ£Өĺ촽΢΢һĨЦݣǳЦŵĽĸ첲Ѿˣβȥˣ
Ѿˣڷ治ȥ
ֵֻʱĿ⾪ȣո̫רעûע⵽Ҳδڱ֮УȻڼֻ֮ȴͻȻɫǺ죬ǾȵĿ
飬ͺǷ˴±Ϊ֪ⲻ֪һжѾС
ʺ

ֻŲֱȴǰɷ˵Ľס˲룺н㡣
ͽ뵱Լá
ߡ
ֻϣܳΪԼĵϱϵĽԼһ㡣
ϵİֻȥţֻҲû˵ʲôûʲôֱŲ㳯޵ȥ
һ£޵ڵǸˣȷԼ˼ŵˣԼ˼ֱӽȥͬݷֻæҲһܺõĽںڻ
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ЩˣЩ¶˿ľһˡ
˻ϣӦ̫źȻʱȴڶˡ
㡣
޵ڣݷںľ޺ϣֻͲЯһ߽΢΢Щȣ룬ôһˣ
ֻƴǴĵһ죬ֻʺӦкܶҪȥæµŵģȻܳʱԼ֮ݷ˫аȵһѾĿαá
ֻݸĿݷ㣺ùţϵƣ޵濴Ҳһˣ
ù𣿡
ֻǰæݷһпŵܽ˿ĿĿݷ㡣
ݷͬǴЦ⣬һ˫רעķ·ܵγˮùˡ
㣬񷱶࣬Բûôʱġ
ݷȻ˵ȴѿΪֻĵֳĻġ
ֻЦżݷϵƣĸݷʱ䣺ȷҪӴġ
ݷ񽥽ܿģֻ򴽱ЦŵĿݷ㣺ȴͷҪģ
ݷ㰵ĿֻȴƲĸ첲СӦǺ˵ģȥæһ£Ҫµһҩˣ
ŲδݷȴѾϰԵֵ˲ǰ
ֻȻεĿˣͬǵ˵Ӧű˴˵ĴڵģֻΪֲñԼĸ飬Ż
ҲããȻ֪˴˵ű˴ˣҪùĳһ˵˼
ʱֻϵҲһЩ
ݷܲһ𣬻ҪֻһԶæ
㣡
ֻŲգգ۾ϸϼĨڵ糺죬ȴʵǰϸĵİæݷɴϴ˿ڡ
ֻĹҲһĿݷ㣺ү
˵㶼ôˣȻôչԼ˿Ѿ˵˺ܶˣմˮʲôĹǰ㣡
طƶѾˣֻʣһˣ
ݷ㲻üŲָŵķ򣺡𣿡
ôûע⵽أ
Ȼˣ㿴
Ҫע⵽˻˵ʲô죬㰡㣬߶㳳ǲ㳳ʱԼҲ⣬治֪Ҫûڣôźã

970 

970  
ǲЦ˵Ļڻ֮ʱֻȴιιеĶʱעݷıͷӦһĴȥֱݷ񣬿ǱҲ޲ڸֻĽš
˽ڴɲݷȴôһ㣺ôСõôС𣿡
ԼҲܴģ
˵գݷ㾹ȻƲ룬ԼȥɴҪԼ
Ķ΢΢Ӳ֮Ѿ
ֻѸٵǰΧݷִ䣺㿴㣬ҲΪ룬ȴʶģôб±˰
˻׼˹˵䰡
ֻͷԵĴݷ˿ϣ۵ڹֱֱĳ㡭㡭ۣ
Ҵˣ
֪ˣ
ǽְȻһĺŻ۸ңݷһ߳ʹ˿ڣһüĽɵĿֻͲ룺ǲʲôң
ô᣿
ʲô㡣
ֻһڷϣϱʲôһ㣺ˣмҪ˵
ĻϲأаѾǰȥˣǲվͻǻϺҵ˼ҲҪȥ֤аµǻ⼸ձˣͷˣĴʱҪڹˣ
ֻĿ˲ϣֻס˲󣺡룬ʱСͰչ˰ɡ
ϾȻϲ˵Ըȴִֺ֣ǴĴ⣬ҪǶˣû˿ֶԼ岻ģʱ˿ڶ񻯲ˣ
΢ɡ
ϾҪˣݷ飬Ҳͽ˱뿪ýԽԽ޷԰֮Ҫ뿪Ҳǲˡ
δȲͷݷ㵭Цŵľܾ㣬ôˣôҵСˣ
չ˵úԼ
ݷֻýֻ͸֣ҲûܹˣȻÿ˵ʱֻ߶һǽյֻȴȷЩġ
Ҳġ
С㣬ԼڶͷϣҪչ㣬ִֽŵһ˵㣬ʵ䷴ˣֻвôãҲЩˡ
˵
ֻͻȻһ٣Ŀݷ㣺˵ǲϵӶˣοҺúõչ㣬ô㻹˼䲻𣿡
ߣСҲǲʶģǸɴͲˣֻװģŲֱ׼뿪޵
˶ϵģݷܾҲӦܵģֻȻҪϲݷһ𣬿ȴҲǽڲ̤ģݷ˷ӦٻֻҲЩˡ
ǣ
ݷ΢㶣Ҫ뿪ĲֻͻȻͷһæĽţ㣬룬ûǸ˼
ֻһǶϰˣҲһЩСˣԼԽģͻȻ˵ҪչЩӦģôСڣ
ݷɥͻȻЩίĿֻҽ㣬ѲΪҪչҵ𣿡
ǰѵԸ񡭡
ǰݷ
ꡪݷ˻ش𣬲Ƶʱһɨգݺݵҧʾŵһݷ㣺ȻأȻΪһô
ǲǺˣ
ǽ˼ȻΪƾ㣿һչ𣿡
ʲôã
ָֻǰģ
ݷεЦЦ
ֻȴĿֿĿŲ룺˺ˣǾôˣ룬ɣʱҺúõչС㣬ʲôǻ֮˵
òã
͵ģ
ʱֻƴҪȥһ˳ģҲǸ˲ݷ˶ʱ䣬ʱǻһЩ嶯ľ飬ʱҪʱ侲侲ˡ
ֻ뿪ʱǲ֣ؿǹǰʱ䡣
ǵֻʱ򣬲ɻҪߣ˵Ҫ뿪ľǳ嶯ĿǲʣǸʱ򣬱ֻҲ˵ʲôˣ
ðɣ
ֻϵԼжݷǷǣңվֻεע»ĵ˵ͷֻϲЦտŲ֣룬лл㡣
ϣʱСϵƾĺתҲҪһˣ
Сʲôֱ˴ŸҺƴǣҪǸ۸㣬һúõʰģ
գ۾Цÿġ
ݷȴί㣬ĸң
ǸԸ񣬲۸˾ͺˣοݷֲԴǵģ

971 ǰ

971  ǰ
ڶգǰ밲֮㲣ȻǾֺͳ˵ĵ֮˲ٵĿࡣ
ֻŴĲˮźۼϴţЩ̵Ĳˮ˫аƶָ΢΢Щ׵ĺۼǿ·Ķȴǹ˺ܶࡣ
ŹнϰѵŮعصʱ򣬶Ůͷ˫ϸһ룬ʲôʱ·ܲˤ룬ʲôʱĺϸ
ŰЩ棬ֻù񫡣
ֻ⻹ֻͷһξԼԽةฮĴСô
ǰֻȻ͸ѡô۹ãȴҲʵѧģЩزֻѧͻᣬҡ⾪ϲڵ
ֻˮǳһС֮󣬱·Żصǰ
ƽϹ
ϹѧϰҪίϹˣʱϹȲƹ밲ˣ޵רѧذɣֻ΢̧ɫĻڡ
ƴϾҪǰȥˣлҪʱȥ뾳ƴǵĽĽٹһ棬һܵ飬̫֪ú֦ڣͺƴߵһ㣬ʱ̶ƴǵĶ򣬶Ҫ뿪飬Ҫ
ֻ˼ȥֱסڷûѧù֮ǰȲ뿪ܶס֮࣬úõĸһ¹йصĿ֮һ˫
õġ
Ȼֻ֮ʱӺԽˣƮСһȥˣʺˣ
ʺѧعȻҪʺ밲Ƿǳ˳檵Ĳˣ
λ̵ֹܽʵ̫ϸˣֻһȥȴö꣬ò׳ֻ밲ĹǿϢϢģֻȻ˵ˣ
˵ҪնԼ޵ȥֺͳˡ
嶼д˿ܣ
֮ǰȷǲֻֻǰͷھֵĴݲ֮ͻȻֻ밲ˣǿԣҪһֻֻ޵У
ֵֶʵ̫̬
ΪԱѾǵôҹķ緶ˣǿֵȴǲϸġ
ǲֻԼļϺͷϰڷ˲룬һڲˮһϵĹѾˤʮֻˣǲˮҲԼһҪˡ

ֻȴ̬ȼҲںˣּ֮úúõѧŹأҲҪöԼֻϣ̷ϵʱڻֻŽţ֪롣
ǲ밲顣
ңѵòϣרһѧù𣿡
ֻ۾Ͷ֮Ц⣺˵ϲѧصӣŻҪӣ
ϲѧصӣ
ôܣ
ŲҪʱ䣬ֻҪӱֺͳ˵ħצڿ
ֻĻҲģؾͰԼѧѧҪѧӲģѧҲǲܵģֻͬ⣬Ҷܿ࣬ЩҧҲսѡ
ã
ǳ檾Ͷлʺˣ
޺޵ҧƸˡ
ֻȴǿ뿪ӰЦţȥﱾʰ񣬲ô̫࣬ճľͿˣ
ǣ
ĵͷֻƴָĵ˸飬ǿ˵ȴʼնûвԵټɣԻĳһʲô£ʵӰӵҲá
ԵԸʵǲʺڹжթʺڹڵ޾
ҹܿı
ƴҲɫƣ³ص˳ƹ
λε⽫˵Ӱϳ֯һֻ򴽣ЦӯӯĿƴǣе񶼰źˣ
»ʵǻ񷱶࣬ټϳǸƴҪæµ϶࣬ͻȻ뿪ǹǰţҪһ˼ġ
ƴǻ˵ͷţźˡ
ʱдةҲã
Ҫ֮ǰΪƴǵ尲ȫ벻ةģƴǵֻةةæе񣬵Ҳˡ
㶯һȥ뾳ʱ»ǣǧڳУװǻδߵ״̬˵ע⣬Ƿֳһǰһ󡣡

972 ҪӰ

972  ҪӰ
ǧ뿪̣֮֮ʱǻһϣûʲôˣ
ƴšüϸļһ´ӳ뾳֮г̣ſЩŲĻյ֮㹻湬ȥ׷ǧĽŲˣǧһģһ˫ֵ̥ΪڻҲ޷ˣ
ãֻ˵ͷãʱҲ˵ʰˣʱ̡
ֻ۵Ŀƴüƣ֣ͼҪƴȥƽŵüͷϧüͷȴôҲչƴǣҹˣȾްɣ
ջкܶҪȥ
ֻƴȻһʱ䲢ܾã꣬Ϊ˵ȤͣȤζͶܶżĬǰ֮£˾ͺѾ׺ܶϷһ㣬ܶʱֻǿŶԷһ񣬱˶Է롣
ֻƴǣҪƴǶϢһʱģǹеĻƴǵĶȻĶ
һĺ⡣
ƴüͻȻһɨգʯһ貵˫ͻȻɢŹĿֻȷҪ˯ˣ
ֻһʱ֮ûзӦ˫ֱѾƴץסӦʱȾϵ糺Խˣ˫Ҳǲ˿˿ƵĴ⣬ٺĺ촽ƴǵпȻǸˡ
ƴٿȥҧ·ȡҲܾòһ㡣
ֻŵһƴǣſ϶æѯʣ㿴㡣
𣿡
ùˣƴشٶȶֻԵأĴ΢Щ⣬ֻĴȴԵúǻȣϢڼӿ죬ƴ˫ֽӵֻϸ޹ǰӣٿؽֻķŵ˺ľοյ޺ϣƴȥƬ֮ѾֻϰµĹװ⡣
ڽ⿪ͬʱƴǵźֻ֮ǰͬ뷨͸顣
˭Ƶģʵ̫ˣ
ƴ˿ֻ˫ᳵ·Ƶ˹⻬ϸ۵ĺ󱳣סǶӵָһסǰĶǶ㻺ĴʾŮۺˡ
һĨĵЦֻɫǵƴǵĳȣֻҲڼܵƴǵĶŮƴǵıϢ֮䣬һ˫ϸıźűƴǵţСЩȴ׾ĽƴϵżȻܸ֮ܵƴϵḶ́ͬзڵˮһ㣬̵Ķ¡
ֻƴǵ鶯֮Уʧƴǵ֮Уĺһ̲ˮеĿ࣬ʶЩãȴ޲ֻ˵һ㣬Ҫĸࡣ
ҪƴǸοϵÿһ缡õ㡣
˼Ǹħһǣֻ١
ֻƴڵ˫һǶʧǿƲԼ壬ֱӰԼwangֻϡ
ֻ㣬ϸϵ˫Ҳ뿪ܿƴǻǣƵƶˡ
Ժ֮䣬ֻƴڶ߻˵һ仰ͳΪ˼˼ɳƣƴҧֻĶ֮˵һ䣺ǡҪӰɣ
ƴڵͣѰ˼Ī˵Ȣ˺üӶܶʶѧˣƴȴǹ¼ҹһ
ԭΪûƴϲпˣԱһֱ񡭡ƴȻѾ϶ֻȻȻҪֻ࣬ҪֻռУҪֻͬС
Ǿֻİ飬˵İᾧ
ƴǱһ仰ȴֻ˲ѹһˮͻȻֻͷϣ˲ͷš
ӡ
ֻҲҪӡ
Ϊˣֻƴ֮־ô࣬ǿԣֻҲϣƴӣ˵ĺӣƴڵ
ǲġ
۵ĺӱǸ
Ǹľеֻ̥Ƽ
ȷΪҩĸģǡ
ǼϼҼûǺӴʮ»̥Ҳġ
ΪݷѾƳٻƳһղһΣգƴǺݷϣͬһֹƳ桭

973 

973 
ƴǵ廹ҪݷһЩ
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Ӷĸϵ⣬Ƿƽĸе¼ıǼȻѾ֪ƴǵʱ˺ӡ
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˭ʹ࣬ûа֮ǰȲҪӣͲʧȥʹˣ
ǿƴĿܾĻֻʵ˵ֻͬƴ˵ƴǻį
ֻͻȻ彩ӲƴеyuҲȥ˲٣ЩãȻĿֻôˣ
Ƶɻƴǽüӥ֮ЩֵĴֻ
ֻȴĪۿĽƴǱڻУŵİοеġ
ʲôеġ
ƴǣ뿪ң
ң
ƴͫٶϮwangֻڻУ޲úֻ׵Ϊһ塣
΢ĶƺҪһЩ
Ÿ˶յĺ⡣
޵Ͼ޵ʱǻһЩ̿ž̿𣬽޵ںůģֻʱƴѾǰȥ糯³֮˱ǰȥ뾳
ֻϵۣ˲ϵճдִҩҵ˱ҩŲˮȥ
²߲ƴ廹ûб֤֮ǰУΪ˱ⱯķҪֹסֿҪõĶࡣ
Һִҩ䣬ҩƷȫȻĻֻҪָԼһеҩˣҩڸ̫֮⣬ץҩҩһϵֺǷƴԸһεıпܲ˾Ǹ⡣

ִıҩ֢Ҳء
ǲܶԵģ֮һĲУûа취ͬƴǽˡ
Ҫһȫ֮ߣȲ壬ֲУߡκƴǵ壬ʲôʱУͿʲôʱУҲôĵΪˡ
ҩʰãֻװĴŹ˽æϴ
ҪƳִȹǲˣһ̫¶ڹŴŮŮӲͷ¶˼֮ǸвͨģƴǿУʱҲǲģϾҪˣΪôС¶г̡
һȥֻţԭеѵǰȲΥ˹ŴصĹֲúִܳĺҲк࣬Ǹ֮ճ棬ֱӴŹֵĹҲǱȱȽǣ
ֻţƴ³һʱ䣬ӰһԼģҪߺͼֻǲɢ˹ˣԼڷǱоˣ
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ҪҽûоտĹǾԲеģֻȻ̨߾ļжܽߵ˿ڸϺãֺο첹ѡ
Ѹٵȹϴ󣬲һ㱻ֻü˺ֻܶ࣬׼õߣЩżĵطһһϣæµ˺һͷ󺹵Լĳɹ
ֻϲĽ溺ϣ⻨ͭеԼЦЦе磬͹£ĺûб¶ϸ۰ƤʧУǽֻĹճȻɵ
ǿ
ĽΣ
ֻһûʲô쳣㴫վڵغŵǣҪǹͣҰæֻû©
ԭֻʲôҲû˵㽫ԼڷУѾôˣֻǽȥһԶƿų嵽ֻǰ
ʺ

濴ŵʱѾǧֻڷæµĳû뵽ֻȻԼѣ
ֻǻʺѡЩ֣
ǿ񡭡ܺÿӣ
ʺһֱڲü·𣿡
ʲôƣôô£
ǰûпİ
ʺô뵽ģ
ĺúÿ
ǻ˵ʺﱾʣʲôÿ
ǾĿֻͶɹ̲סţֻñֻ޵ˣʺﱾļùеŮĽڴֻԼƳĹװ֮󣬱ӽֻĵĳг
ͷţûȱһˣ
Ҫǡ
ҪǴָĹȹЧأ
ǻ֮ǰÿǲأ
ֻ˵ķӦУЦţ뷨ûĺֻǿԱ˽ܣܴԼֲʧ䣡

974 ̻

974 ̻
ֻԺͻȻһͷ
ļ຺ǲҲԿһ̻Žʱ򣬿רſһйظĵ̣רųЩĺ˵һȳΪзҲδ֪
ŹŮĽֻЦЦˣҲôˣ
űʱһһҲһ£
ڱڹڵʱڣǿһҪúõ汾Ӧţǧɲܱ˿ֻصķԸԵĹͬĻش
ʺķģū֪ôȻ˷ڹеʵģ
ֻĵͷ׼һеͬʱƴҲ³˿׼ĺɫ±Żƻ߻谵˻ʹ
΢ֻȴøˣʹȻûʣޱȣڻʹҲһ׵飬ʳסҪŹز˵˵ҲҪСĽͺ񡭡
ҪڹúõĻűҪһżٵƤ߲УȻǻȥģ
⻹ֻͷû̫ѹţں֮󣬻ƴǵҲֻ࣬һ򡭡ֻҲὫԼģ
Щʱ밲ȵĹӾǿ԰ģ㲻ȥƱˣҪǵ˻᲻㣬һȥǹķҲᡣ
ų˻ʺû죬ֻúǹ˺üһ
ԭƴҪֻѡһ˸Լ̷ԼģǱֻܾģѵУԼչԼҪ˵İæ
ҡҡλΣֻȴǽͷƴǵļϣ
˶Ѿ˵ۺ󳯷Ѱ˼ҵķ޳һ㣬ֻٺĴǲԾţĿƴֻĵҸǰֻεĿлƴЯ¾õȥ
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ǳͷԵģƴǽֻڻУԵĸһһϣੲݵĺ촽ţֱֻѲſϰݣٵҪ뿪ʱ򣬻ҧһֻĴǡ
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ƴǼ״ҲЦŵĿڣʯȪľɽȪˮˣ峺ܸ𣡡
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˵ΪǣѩΪܽܽΪ棬ΪˣȻüȴҪһŮӸǿԵһЩȻӰΪŮеᡣ
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ƴ꣬Ǹݰа˸ѫֽǸݰı˳ĽɽһпνˮɣƵĵˮ©еȴֵġ

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ƴϱ鸴ӣô˵ѾǲֻˣƴǸãֻᶼûйϵ׽㣬ΨһˣֻԼˡ
ϣԼ׵ȥˣ˵ҡ
ǵĽ㣬Һ
ܰɣܻ֮ǰЩġƴǳ˳ӣĿ͸οյ񻨴꣬ԶҲŵģ̬ȴޱȵļᶨǽ㣬˻ϣ˭ܱ֤һûأǰΣǰҲ˵ҵʱ֮㲻ǣҲʼһ
ƴںģֻǸܺԼֻͨˣġ˰ţƴҲı䲻ˣֻȻܣ
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û˻ĲԼŮӵйֻֻҪһֻռйƴǱἵʵķ裬ںˡ
ƴǵҲûнⲻĽᣬԳ׵ӵֻֻҲֻԼˣ
ܰɡ
֮ǰΪ֮ɣ
ƴǼȻѾƶΪģ㲻ǿȥԼܵܵ˼ϲãֻοæѹأģҪƴԼȥѡ񣬸ο
˵Ҳеϲģ
Сڹ⣬ԸʣĴҹ㱾Ͳһϲص㣬ԸˣֻһԼΪѵʱ򲻱ִ飬ųжȣ
ˣΪƴǵĻʺ󣬵ȷǴ´ġ
˵ϲֻƴǰһ㣬лл㣡

986 ɱϵ

986 ɱϵ
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ȴü΢񲻿İһƴǣãס
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ʵĳ̶ֳǣҪƴǸɱϣ
ֻϾǰڣϹֵöңֻŶĲģƴֻ˵ģ֪ԼĵܵĶˣһ죬ֻʲô˺ƴǵ飬ƴҲ᲻֡
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ȻҲϣǵԶ֣ƴֻܺúõһ
ţס
ƴǴɼģ
治ŵ̾һƴǶִֻ̧۵Ŀƴǣ˵ɣʲôҪ˵
䣬ƴĴģҲΪСڹ⣬ŵ½ܶûмʱĻصӪȻʺȻʺ󣬷Ҳưλɹˡ
ƴǺԽӵϢƴǱưĴ׷ɱȻǰæƴǶԸưƴǲΪϹĻʦʱҲһֱڼٰƴǣưϢǼ꣬ƴҲ̹
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ƴ䲻ȥæҲͰˣȻ˵ûԼ˵һȫȻԼԺ
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С񳤴ˣϱ˽ˣ汾ǸƢƴ֮󣬱һŻһֲܣզզص̬ˣټƴߵˣʲôӧҵμǧ𣬶ǸǽةฮǧСʱɻʢˣ
Ҫƴǲ˵湬ҷģһȥʹץСӺݺݵһٲܳǿڶ
ҺûƴСеģ֪Լϱ湬Լŭࡣ
ҲףƴǸзִˣѾǳĻʵˣΪĹһ޾
ƴǼȻѾǻˣ˳ԵԼĹ棬һ൱صҪԵԼ˵򡭡㲻ʦڣ
ңҲע⵽ˣǧһûкƴһӦǼٰƴǻڹɣ
ƴǿޥĵģ̲ס̾ǽʲô۾
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жƴƴҲֻǰŻһ㣬úͽ㶥Ȥ
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˰㣬˵˵˵ɲƴЩͷԵĿޣһʵöûУֱ̧ҪƴǵͷƴǻĿصĿ档
㣬ʵǰȷҪҪͽġ
ƴǽüӥĿ£һ˫īĿ䣬·һ̶ףţ˽٣
ĮڣϵıҲնʱأ˫Ŀ˸֮Ȼ޵İ졢ţ
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ƴǺֻһ뿪˻ʹ
ƹеýΨһѧĥҪҪģֻǰȥĲ밲ûǰȥдţҲûֻ֪ǲڳƹġ
ƴǱ㲻һˡ
ԴƴǸ没ձֻƴǵǧغ޵棬۶ҪةΪģةÿʱȥһƴǵ޹㱨˴ɻƴǾǵʲôزԼϳҲˣȻ۵ûУ
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987 ̽Ϣ

987 ̽Ϣ
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ǧԭûʲô飬ڲ͵Ϯ֮üĽĿ
ƴǽڻʹ޵еʱǧ֪һôɡ
ҲΪΣƴѡǴ뿪ǧˡ
ȻºǧֵܣҪ书ߵ͵ĻվǧҪʤһƴǲڵĻҲֻǧˣ
ĴҵĽŲ𣬶Ź˰ΧģʽǴǵĽŲбֱܷǾɱ̽Ϣġ
Ųܼȴƽȣ䣬δνʵǰɱ̽ģ
ƴǹ
ȱ֪Ųô׵ưոݣȻ˳ƴǺֻʱѰġ
ǧĳγĿעſƽĹλҲ̳֣бžϤ
ǰƴΪϵĶƵ۾ʧĳ̶ȵʱҪܶչź£ƴڵĶѾֻ⿪˶ƳҲֻҲʱѹȥˣƴ߳ǧҲ㲻Ҫ̴ˣ
褱һ̴ֱֱ
ƴǴֻ뿪ʹ֮ȱ֣Ҳɾ褶
ǧ;໥һۣ˷ͷжֶԿЩǰ̽Ϣŵĵӡ
Ϧ·ѪȾһ㣬ֱֱĳЩ˵ĲȻЩŵĵӿܲڱɱˣϾǳĻʹǳ뱾οǶ񶾵ϼҼǲģɱײɱ
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ԭΪԼĶѾأȴǸո̤ʹƴ޵һ˲䣬Ѿǧ˲û뵽ǧ˵ĶǻҪһĳ֡
ڱЩ˲ɵͫ΢ţǧ;褵Ĺ˺ſֹͣ漴Ӧ֮ʱҲǽĳ˳ֱӦ˵Ĺ
ײ죬žĻʹи
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غ֮䣬ѾδȶԷģֱӴжԷĲ֮ʱǱѪ׵Ⱦ졣
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ֺͳ־ְأֻûټǣڿҲǲŰֵи˵ǼĿ
żյĹ򣬱ֱһȦ˫ʮָմˮָҲ΢һЩӣȻֺȴǸȴǿʤˡ
ֻûбλĽ̵Ŷ򵹣˵ĹǶÿտ̿Ŭѧϰأʼֵڵĺܿܣ׻˶Ŭġ
ūȰһЩҩɣ
ϼƵҩ࣬ģ
ϼҼȻԸĮݣϼҴȴǸĺƵˣҲ˼ϧ֪ı䲻ϼҼ⣬Ͼ޹ģҲûʲôȴ޶˵ıϼҼӣһֱڱãܰһҲһˡ
һĥᱳʹҧžͿҪѪĴǣĵ˵ͷ
ǰСͿĨҩ࣬޵ȴͻȻһӰ

988 õĻ

988 õĻ
ǳɫŮĶȹŮû£ȻҵӴ󵽶źľֱӽ޵ĳ̶ˣ

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ǾԼhiӣһһĶҪ۸Լɣ
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ǳǿ񣬿ȴǲŲæģĺǳ⣬ûаֵĻţĽŲȴƽȣֱĸǰŻ̧ͷЦӯӯĿ
С㣬ū澰
Ƽ¶Ϥɵпһ˲ϼҼ˼
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ڹıֲģ
ԲŻ¶Լģ
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˵䣬¶ѾһöСɾµĹǵ˳͵ǰ
¶ĻӦø˵ģǴʱ˿̵ȴǰ㶼Ц
ϼҼ¶תԼЩֻڸϼҺϼҼԼıĿȥ֧Լõƴǵĳ谮ھƱҪ
ͬ˵³һ
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˫ֽ߬ǵѵǶģ˲㻮ѪȴȻ֪һ㣡
ƴǳ׵ĽԼϼҹĿ࿴ҪϼҼԼǸ΢
ϻնһʺ𣿡
ԭѾʱϣˣϾֻƴǸո»飬ԼҪѧأȫֽźж¶ĳֱٶȼĶ־еŭȲһЩҪй
ƴϲԼԼҲֻǰˢһЩڸУֻƴ֮ĸѺۺ͸ҵʱҲƽԼֵõʱˡ
ҡҡͷûУʱǲˣ
󹬲ø
οһܳĹ͹ĹˣƴǱǴ뿪ʱֿ˷˷Ϣֻʵʵѧأ֪Ķ򣬺οǶ͸֪ˣ
бϾ˶ӣҪ֪ƴǵĶǲѵġ
Լ֪㱨¶ȴҪһĿüͷļʱС㣬ϲǲˣʱûڹУӣӦʲôǰͻʺȥˣ
ϼҼǲȥЩŵĵȻ˽ˣ빬̽ϢģǰȥɱƴǵģûϢǡǡû˻ȥָϢҲ֤ϼҼϼҴϵĲ²⡣
ƴǵȷڹУ
ֻҲڣ
ڹʱ򣬻ʹ֮ڱصĵˮ©Ҫȡֻ죬Ƕ˳֮㲻һˣ仹ƴǺֻǱܻ˵ģҲʹŶ˵أû֣
ʱǷصΪʱҲֵʱ治֪һΣ᲻õĻˣ
ƴǵ걻ȣʱǱ˳ŵ˵ƴ¶ػʺʱƱҪӭȢΪĻʺģ˭Ҳ֪ʱ﾿ʲôƴǵ߳ıʡ
Ҳ˵ƴǲ밴ճŵǰӭȢΪʺ󣬱빬ݳޣҪķѺһ࣬ϼҼĵƶ˳ǿ˹
ҡƴǵߣֻļڣ
ֻòǼǻʺı䣬ҲĽȴȱݣֻôһֱƴͬͬ࣬޷й֮ĵλ

989 Ҫһӣ

989 Ҫһӣ
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ֻѹģƴЩ飬ϼҼˣҲӦΪʺˡ
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ϼҼıôãƴҲôãԲܱˣǵòҪٵġ
ȻƴҪѻʺ֮λֻãϼҼʱϲ˵ʲô˭ҲֹڰҪɱֻľİɣ
ֻҪɱֻʺ֮λô֮жһ޶Ĺ˶ϵõѡ
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ϼҼɴ۾Ѱһᣬ¶ŴϢģϼҼȻɵײԼĹ⣬ĸƤҲȫȻ
¶е˵֮׵ĿһƬ⡣
ֻΪεôĵ˵ȥ밲ˣԭѰ˸ڳȥˡ
һֻǰˣΪֻֻòڣȴûʲôĻǸƿˣڿֻǻƿһһĻġ
С㣬׼ôȥ˵ϣܾĽӽϣȻ˻ϵĹѪأ¶Ŀ˸Ķ
ܵõƴǵĳ谮ȻҪһ˵ֻˣҲòƴǵĳ谮ҲҪֻҪиӣô浽˲ѵĳ̶ʱϼҼЮǸӣˣ
ƴȻŹƳ棬ɱϾ͵ǲһġ
ڵȷ˹Ƴ棬۴СǳҰģԵĺܶﶼ˲һȻȻŶأĺӰ쵽̥޷ƴȴǲһġ
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µҩֻǻƴǲ٣Ӱ̥͹ƳһʧģֻҪҵޣôϼҼлֱһУ
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ϼҼںľϣĵĵȴţһԼľСϵĲ豭Ѿ˼Ȳ裬ϼҼȴһһĵĺ£ϼҴһ̿ǵĹϼҼԣȻˮϼҼϼҴҲԵý͵ǣϼҼڵյˮʱ˴ҴҵĽŲ
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990 һһڰ

990 һһڰ
ŵУеˣңɣǶģʲôֻҪģ㶼ܿŵЩˣΪٹڰ
ڰˣԽ˵һһȴ޷̽ڰ˵ĶֻԼж¶ڰ˵ǰ
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ϼҴͬĵ˵ͷ漴ϱ¶ǳǼƴǺߵ书ǿĵҲǺѴǣǸʺҲǾͨҽźܶжҩۣʤҪ֮ȡ»ʺʵѰ
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ϼҼüšһţɽҪһЩ
ƴǺµ书ٸߣȴҲˣһֱֻһҪ˯ҪԷҪϢ¶ǿ϶ɵģֻҽ߳Ĵǰ¶ԼȻ¶ַҲͣǱֵͼϼҼǿ϶ῼǵģĴ˲ز˵һɹ
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ϼҴϺͬǼ˼ȫϷͰȥŻ
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991 ̸

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ԱȽ𾪣ƴǵǺܵȻ˵ֻ֣ǽüšһţʯһ˫Ŀ䲻ס
Щ䣬ƴǱŹŵĴڣǣȴûûлӴ˶ŵ˽Ҳ֮٣ǺԼư׷ɱΪ֮󣬲ԵĶ˽⣬ǸʱȻȴҲǲֱӽƴǴŵģֻǽŸԶɽݼ侲
ţƴҲֻ֪ǷΪϣĴ干ͬġ
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Ƕϼңƴ˽Ĳ࣬ᣬϸڵȴؿƿƽദʱ򣬰ҲԸ͸©ƴҪ֪ѯʣҲÿζ˸ʣĻش
ƴڳ̽˸ѪΣΣƴǵĸʺĸΡƴǸСĽˣɲҪСĽųƴǾĴ̫ɣԼʱЩиͷķġ
ȻƴѾȻʺȻʺı֮߳˼Ҳø
ŵˣһ֪ģѣ£ԭǴӦõĳŵгһػλǻΪϣƱҪӭȢţΪʺģ
ƴǽüšţ΢Ƭ֮㿪ʼЩĹ
⼸ǽȻ˴˶ǹű˴˵ģȴΪݲܺúõļ̸һЩ֮ϢҲֻͨǧ£湬ĵǰͨģѵõ˻ᣬƴǱźͷʼ˵ˡ
ǣ֪ǺΪʲôı⣬ԸΥŵҲҪϵôˣƴҪ޾ϸ̹ףҲͬʱʱ̶̿ڹƴǵ塣
ƴǸسŵˣοǾ֮ȻӦһǡʲôԭԵ⣬ŻƴǸıע⣬ƴеĶ
ЩƴڵĶأҩѹƲסڵĶҪƴ书ÿ¸ԼŶУǺƴ˴Ź˵ڵĶѾҵõѹƣѹƵǸ˻ֻ
ʵڼֻ֮ǰֻЩĺģԽڼֻʱ򣬲ŻֻΪѣҲ˵Ϊѣ顣
һǽ壬õ볾һˣȴܶ˶顣
Ƴ»ҩƳѹƴϣɷĽ׶˵Ķ֣Ǹ֮ǸѾֻһˡ
ɡ
Էʵǵġ
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ϲԶȻһصɴ
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˵䣬ȻʾƴԼܶϸ˵
ƴǿıأ赭д˵Ļȴü֮ϰɫΪ𾪣㣬ڵģǶǹơ
ΪƳ̫ǿƣҶ񶾣ƴйƶжҲüأ;й¶Ϣƴ˴ŸʱҲδ𣬾±֪ȻãǵԼԺ˵
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Ƕǹƣ
ѵǽ񶾵ĹƳ
ȻĴڵģ
Ӣü䣬һ˫ʯһã֮дϡ
Ƴ棬湬ʱżȻŹǱŻ翵ĶһȣֻǽǹƳ浱ǷĴ˵ǧǰȷǳֹģҲֻǻ񻰵У롭
Ȼĳ˹ҡйƵ˾ȻԼ׵ܵܣ
ֻ̫˼ˣԵ֪һϵе֮Ҳɵû˷磡
¹ƿɱ¶ӻĥˣ¶ֻǻҪ˱¶ߵ¹ȴǻĥű¹֮˵ģ֮ʬ廹ΪƳĴڶͬʬһĻţ
йعƳأ˾ͷƤ飬οƴǻ
һ˫ЩʪŵĿԼĵܵܣƴǡ
˫ܣƴǵȴҪԼּѵĶˣȻʺȻʺѡƴڹ棬ڹ⣬ǶƴǵĺãƴǴСʳǣٻ󣬿ƴҪܵҲܶ࣬ҪصĹغѹ˴

992 һù

992 һù
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΢΢ۿ棬ƴЦ氲һ㣬ֹĴλվǰתһȦĿ⸴ӵصǰ
Һ˻˵֮䣬ƴǵڵ˫Ŀ⣬Զ棬ֻƴʶǶʱ䣬ƴΪѵʱƴһ汻еĶĥţһΪζػλưš
Ϊĺǳɹʺĸ󱨳ҲֻǻƴǵǺڰʱͻȻһ⣬⵽ʹֶϣ
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䣬ƴǺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ٶȿڲ૵һܺúܺõĹ
˵οֻģƴǵУֻͬҹһֱָǰ
治İƴһۣú˵¾˵£ĪĸԼһʲô£
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ĬĬһĳλҩݵĳĳˣǾԲԼĽģ
ҽ߳ҵ󣬲ҸտʼʶʱװǸ⼸ȵҽӣ˵ƴζɢŹÿֻʱüĽڲزסģҽֻ߳ǣƴ˵ɣ
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뾳Ҫ˵Ĺ֮е飬Ҫȥ̽һ֪ģҪλҽ߳ôĳλĳ˿Ƕ꣬ŵҲ֪һˡ
˵ĸ飬Ҳβ֮н㺵ģ
˵ƴǻЩ˼ӽֻʱ򣬱Ҫֻβģսദ֮оȻֻ˸飬ʱ˵Ĺƴ֮࣬ҲЩִٵģͺ꣬Լҳʵʱ򣬲ȻһѺ
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ƴɫȻǷ絶̳һ䡣
üȴʼնδõչƴǣ˵Щûʲôɵģֻһ㡣
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ˣֻȷűµģܽƴڵĶ͹Ƴ棬ҲǸˣǲδ̫ˣ
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һȰ˵ϹȥɳһƬǽĵطֳϹһʱתͷϹ޸Ϲɣ
޾ͼˣֵ÷зȴϧִĵּ̫Ϲ롭һ׮׮һһ㶼ûԩֻ
ˣ˭뾭ѵ飿
ֻһҽͻȻת飬δЩ˵ȥˣ
ŮϸСŵģټƴǵʼնֻϾ޵ĵطʶĺ˺ܶԻش⣬äĿġ
ѯ֮ƴǵһĴǵЦ΢΢ȥĿ棬ʵʵ˵һ㣬ҵû
ƴǵȷûϸ
˽ƴܾãֻ֮ǰΣǶûʶʱ򣬼ȻûʶʱôֻôǺԼûйϵģûбҪΪԼֻҪǱ˴మ֮˴֮ûܾС
ǡǡΪ뷨ͷҲƴǳ׺ȥֻһڹĴС㣬һ൨ҽǴӺζģܲƾջѧİɣ
ƴǻţƳһ飬ûи˽ֻĻԼõģ
˵ƴͻȻʲôؼԵ飬ĿĿ棺ˣ㣬ô˵ҵһҪˣ
ʲô£

993 ĸ

993 ĸ
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ҪֻҽԴɣƴҲϸȥ˼׷ֻĹ뵽ֻĸ׵ϣ
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淴ʣôһ˵ô¶ֻ֣ĵһ¾ةŮ޶ȣֻŻ޷Ը񣬿ֻĸףȴ𣬱֪ҲֻǴ֪ĸֻСʱ򲡹ˡ
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ĸ׿ûֻʲôطʲôطĿǺйء
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ԣĸס
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ϵĹƳµģҪֻĸŵˣҲ֪ƳˣֻѹԼĹƳ棬ˮˡ
Ŀ٣ɣϣ
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ƴ֪Լ룬ڵԼİΣЦŰοҵˣΪˣܸҵģһҽǴӺζģܲΪ˹⺦ҶڵģһһֱΪνڵĹƳ⿪ŬУ㹻ˣ
ÿ˶ԼΪ֮ԷһЩεĿռ䣬ҲڸԼ㡣
һֻҪܸоԷģ㹻ˣ
㣡
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ԣҲΪϵĹƳ棬ûгŵΪĻʺɣ
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ΪеҪԼһ㣬ƴǻҪȥ׷飬ǲܾô׵ŵĴġ
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Ϊ빬ǵǲֶΣҪ浽˼㡣
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ԼܵܿɽԳȵģСʱģƴǶпͳЦĽڣһǷǳֺЦȴòƴǽܡ
Ȼ˵ҵĺӣһóһ̥ʬ嵽ҵǰЦǣǺӣĹѪȻǿԺҵѪڵģ
ƴǵľ㲻ǧԲһ͵Լ嶼ܲסûԼĺӶ֪
ԪڵĳƴǼǵãʱΪܲסεĻѺͽܲ˸ʺĸЩ鲻ãһЩƵģûҲֻ˵˼仰֮˯ˣҪ̸
û뵽֮ϼҼ֣Ȼ˵˷֮ʵйӡ
Դˡ
ƴֻǾúЦԪڻʲôʲôգƴףǲϼҼҵһڰˣڿǺܶĿȴֻһǾҪƴǣƴǲܲ𣬲յĳŵϾƴǺӵġ
˵Ҳ֣ҪҵһܺԼѪڵӤʬ壬·ݶԵϣ治һ򵥵飬Ҳ֪ϼҼǺķ˶ٵĻܴﵽЧġ
ƴǱ˵ЦŵĸãĶУȴע⵽һص㡣
ȵȵܵܡ
˵ǺӣǿԺѪڵģ
ŴƼִЩѧֻ֪ѪѪҺڣֻҪҵһģһѪ;ͿԵģˣѪ׵ĽҲױܡ
ż䣬뵽һԡ
˵żȻоĥĹƳ棬ôֻܻһأ΢УһĿ֮£
˵Ļƴͷһ

994 Ҫ

994 Ҫ
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ƴ˵ȷǶԹƳ˽Ĳ࣬Ҳ֪ҪƳǸķʱ⣬ܹܿʦһҲֻһֻʮĸƣǲǰ֪ƴǻѣǰü㿪ʼơ
ΨһĿܱǡ
ȱƵģֻԼʱԼϣǹƳ֮ǰ
Ѿ亦
ƴݵĿ£īĿ䣬һ׵̶һ㣬ǺӡܿܲƴǵģֻǺƴйͬ˵ġ˭أ
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ܱΪĿģһŹͬģֻҪҵ˵Ĺͬ㣬֪ŴӺˣ
㣬˵ĺܶԣ
ĺӵĸˣҡܻܿһҪܹؼˣ
ƴĿڵ˫Ŀ뷨ǶԵģֵһܺõ㣡
κ飬κ˶˫Եġ
ϿϼҼǺᷳĴڣĪ˵ĺ˸飬˼֮ףǹ⿴αݱƴǾö֮ͬʱıŵܣȴҪƴǽ󹬣ûлӴ̸Ѱҽİ취
ƴǲɵ૸̾ǰܶ࣬һЩ˼ıԼԶܡ
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ƴǽŵüɿҲǽһЦ⣺㣬˵ҲмҪæģ
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ƴⲻʱ˵ЦЩִƴǴʲô⣬ȻһԼ
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ȻƴǼȻбôưոݣ㿴Ŀܣȴװɲ֪һĿڣ㣬湬һͨŮֲŵĻǲǱǧҲضһЩ
浱һִ湬ڵĵӴһЩ޼ҿɹĹŮֻڼףŰŮͯ˹ڣ治ֻǸһܺõ滷һ书
ۼ湬Ҳ꣬λ书߳ʦڣڵĵӸѵĸ㡣
޴ڣʱʱ̿ҪһȥֻŻʹڵĲݷһػֻƴɲģǧݷ㣬Ǹˡ
Ůб𣬲ʱʱ̵̿ȥ̷ֻ
Ǳǻĳ֡
湬ĵȴһڵĵӱͶŮӣ书ֻ߳İȫټֻҷıºҩ㹻֤һƽˣ
ߵĲʵͲͦģӦǸ߰˰ɣ
ƴּڣѡˣһ˫ӣҲڳǸĵ˫ӵҥԶ书ҲõģǾܸɡ
ٵü߸ߵĿЦЦŵĴƴǣҲŵˣðСӣ
ţֽ˴ҵǰ˵ô࣬ô࣬ԭأ
ԭƴҪ龹ȻҪǲһЩ湬ĵֻֻ߱ȫСӣ
˵ӳȢϱǰ滹ţܾԼĵܵǸͷִˣǶȻģڿƴǵ浹еˡ
еŶӳȢϱͻ仰ˣ
ǹ˳ϲң
Թƴڵ˫Ŀ˸Щ֪һң˵ʲôҪܴӦǾллˣ
ܾĿڣƴֱл
ȴûô˵ּ̧仨ľϵ۶ƴǵϣ
ʵͲҵͷãƽҶǣȴҪֱӰҪߣȥļϵˣɲУ污Ĵ΢΢һĨȣoո߰ӵĿƴǣǡ
ϳƴȴЦ󣬻δֱӽ˵꣬㶮µĽӹ˵ǡҴӦչ˸һʱ䣬ǲǣ
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ƴϰıʧתЦеĿƴǣƴǷһ㣬ֱһڽӦ£

995 Ľ

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ȥˡ
ˣûĵġ
Ƴƴһۣ֪ƴмǹֻԹһܰ˲ɣ뿪һ㶼ǹҹҵĽɫҲˣЩϢմȥ
Ľоҩģƽʱ䶼ǽԼҩ®֮ҩ
ϱ˽㡣

ƴǿζЦЦ˭˵ҵֻǼǹϱǽˣʱϲĶѾ˲ʵкܶǻģ͸ļ񡣡
ƴᵽֻѡġ
ԻЦЦ֪ˣļϵ͵ġ
Ҳһݼ񡣡
ƴĵͷ뿪
ڿͷ
οյ񻨴ԣֻһϮɫ庣ĵĳȹȴü֮ľɫǳЦȻĵȴƴǻ
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İɣǸͨˣΪģ᲻㡣ƴǵЦŻش
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ƴǣͬ˵ϵ𣿡
ֻ̽ŵţͬƴһ뾳˼֮⣬ֻǳĽףǰڳĽ׵ҽֻģƴǵĹѵʱҲͳĽѧ˲ٵҽĸһδԽĻᣬҲҽĪľôࡣ
һĳ̶˵Ľ׿ԳƵֻҽʦˡ
ڳĽ׵ҽֻҲ൱ŷġ
Ƴִ̫ҩִеȴҲҶƴϵ½ۣò˵ȻܶʱƼϲִǹ˵ǻ۳̶ҲԹԤϵġ
㵽˶ʮһͣƼչȴкܶණ޷ÿѧ͵ġ
ֻΪλᴩԽ磬ΪιʦĹƳôȵȡ
ҪӸϽƴڵĹƳ棬ֻƾֻһ˵ЩѣԼĽף׿ں˵ƴڵŻ̶ƴָ
˵ˣ˵մȥһ½򣡡ƴǵ˵ͷ
ֻٵ˫ĿĽҽһܸ߰ɣ
ǿ뾳ֲЩҩľ֪ҽ߳ĴǶȻ˳Եģ
ƴǳֻ˵ͷţҽǸ
лĻҲѰһƧĵط㣬ȻƽǺҸʵ
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ԭֻҪű𣬱֮ȴûģҲΪԼܻܾãĺù
ǻ޷Ԥϵıʡ
ƴǶԣֻǱʣһԼܲıʡ
ΪʶֻƴǴδйģеҪţδйģҪֻҸ
ֻ֪ϲʹȥһжΪԼ
ǽŵҵӴԼڹƳ⿪İ취ƴǱҪλȻֻ߱ϱɽֻˣ˱һ徻ĵطͨķһһ
ǸǺҸɡ
ƴǹ룬ñĪıůˣſֻҲ˼ᡣ
ֻƣƴǵǰ֣ƴǵͬԼʮָۣЦȻˣ㻹һֱӦ󹬵Щݺݺ಻ɣ
ҪҲίԼģ
Ǵе飬㽫λóȻҪúõĲң
ֻʮָ۵ֻ𣺡ˡ
뿴ƤӰϷ
ȥκۣ롭
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֮ͬǰԣҪռеǣǺᣬֻڴǳֹƴĿĺܵγˮиŨŨĳ磺ã˵ȥľȥģ

ǻعʱ򣬿Ҫһˡ
ƴɿֻĺ촽˵Ǹ
ΪҺҽ˫ӵݣҽӳʼ㱻ʺĸͳˣҽ㡭ʺĸʼնЩǷģ
Լ⣬ȴΪǸģĵĹ涨¹룬ֱ⣬ûŵ棬ûܸĸ۰ĶжҲĿǷ
ʱƴҪĸһݣܻЩѣǶĶӣƸ裬ƴȴҪڵģһģĺҲĹס

996 ֻһŮ

996 ֻһŮ
óƸΪԼĹѪףǱĽڡ
ңƴǺֻ궼СˣոնػλָպֻףеЩ˼ɣɺ󹬣Ѫ飬ʱˣȹ֮ѡƱػһһ
еЩ̵ԸƴǺ̲ظЩɺ󹬣Լ˽ģҪԼŮ󹬣Լ
һѾƴͷ۵ˣҪݺݺ࣬տǹĶǣ·Ҳᱻ
ߣƴǼȻѾ׼ֻôһӣƴҲֻǻֻһŮˣԲȥˣҪıѡӯ󹬵ĻҲֻǵЩŮǵĴ껪ֻ֮ĸҲġ
ԣƸڣֻǿƴȴĸΣԶסڿڡ
ʺĸٳż̳лλѪѡĴ󳼱ٲԸ⣬Ҳûа취ƴǵġ
ǻǸǵĺӵݱӻعĻƱءƴ¶ԥ˵Ҳʼ
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ΪϣҲԼΪѵĵطΪϣ㲻ȫԼ뷨Щ󳼻ʱʱ̵̿ЩҪƴǣǺ£ֻķ
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ǲǵȥƱػǵੲݣǵ֥ƤС£˵ʲô̫ӣ˵ʲôҪȶ١
ƴΪ˼ɣԲŻЩΪѵֻ顣
Ͼʺĸ󣬻гǲĵ˫ӵҥԿǷ棬ֻǲǷģλ빬ѾίˣƽﻹҪоԼڹƳҩ㣬Ӧ
˵ֻҲֻǵ˸ʺˣ飬Ҫ̫ҲΪƸģƴֻлʧѹ
룬ƴţȫǶģֻͲƴ˵˳Ƹ裬ҲƴûôǿҵģҪӵˣ
ףҪһ½㡣
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ҪǽƸ趼ͬ⣬Ҿûߵʱ㽫ƸţʱҲý
ƴ˵뷨ֻԵһ
ƴڲ֪ԼԼǿģֻȴףǹƳƴǼģеưƴڵĶЩҪʱǿкӵģΪ˺룬ֻһҪȷƴǵһ鶼û֮ŻҪȻ
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ƴĿֿĿֻвֻһԼ˵ͷֻһλɹԼϱӻʲôⱲӲãԼŮˣ

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ֻɫٵϲԾĸ˼Ĩ糺죬ƴǵĿҲ˼᣺ҪԼŬ
׽Ҳǽͽĺӡ
˽ƴǻҪֻҪһӣ˺ӣ
ɫŨ
һҹ
Ļдŵ
ֻƴϴױãƴǲע⣬ٶȷ˱ҩ֮ŸƴһȥȱȺŵˣ㡣
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Ӣü΢ŵֻ֮ȴǱһģʵͲĺ͵͵򴽣˹ϵ׺ŵģҹҲһҹβ͵Ц
ȿȡ
ƴǸɿ˼Ըһֱֱ˵ŤνֻϾǸϱƤ㣬ǻȥɣ
ƴǴ˸ת˳Ľ׵ϡ
ȻȴôŹֻ

΢УĿֻϣǲݿܣĻֻûƴǰţ󷽵ǰĿƽֱ棺㡣

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⵹Ǻܱµͼ
ֻ֪ܶϵļ壬ǻŴԼɫͼڣһΪ˼һָΪԼݺ͵λģ÷ģǵĵȵȡ
ͷһμòε׹װεġ
ܱ£ǡ
ǿ֪ǲֻģܾЩͬѰǵװƷô򵥣ӦʲôԵɣ
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룬δ濪ڣƴǱǰֻ£ĿĿ棺ллˣֻݼǲ̫ˡ
ǵʦ͸ģһֱڽŵģһʱҪ湬Ƹ㡣
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ˡƴǵ˼˵˿൱湬֮
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񣬹ͬƴ˵ǰ㣬̫˰ɡ
ǰʱֻӴĲ࣬ǺҲΪƴǲأֻһֱƴǵߣûлúദʵֻܶǰɵġ
ֻһֱûҵõĻȥʳڡ
ƴǵ书߳ưڵģкܶ๬ʦʦ̵ģû˵书أ
书ҪƴǻҪߣ߳书Լƾѧģҡ滹湬
һŮˣҲŶʮͣô߳书Ѿǲˣ湬ģģʵɵϼѡ
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ƾһ֮ȫġ
һڱ棬˲ȻϺȻʺ
ȻŲĵ˫ӵĴԣȻϺȻʺҲнͳˣôƱزǰĿŵȥѰ˴ڵģô
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ʵ˵ı;ҪƴǸ־Ķ࣬ƴȻ걻ư׷ɱЩǱߴȱҳ֮ˣǧ£飬кܶܶ౳Լá
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һڹţܻһЩչʳӣչƽ󣬵ûܰ㴴һɡɲ飬˵ʹˡ
ԽֻһֱΪƴڵĶţҲ㽫Ժˣ棬һƴʦǸֻ˸Ѷ
ǲǿҸѯһƴǣʦǺҲΪλͨ챾£
͵ֻҲãŮֱֻʦҲգֻ֪ġ
ܾô棬ûôɫĳ̶ȣ
ƴҲ˵˵ҪԣֻҪнժ£ɲȴǿֻһأֻǸ˵ĿͬˣҾÿͣǱǿͣҲֵõġ
ңͳȥĶûûĵǣ㲻ƼҵĶϱĵϱ
ԵǴСҪԼһڹţǿ𣬵ʲô鶼мں˽͡
涼Ѿ˵ˣҪִֻ⽫ժ£Ǿ̫ˡ
ðɣȻ˵ˣǻˣл㣡ֻ˸
污Ĵ΢΢һĨȣת޵ȥˣ˷ʱˣ߰ɣȥ򣡡
ҪĽףϵϽü֮ϮСŮӰ㽿ߵı飬ֻȱ֪ͳĽ׵ĸ飬ڼ仯֮󣬻ǲɵип֡
ȻΰģǿƵŮӶСˡ
һǺϲİɡ
ֻƴǣ˵

998 Ľ

998 Ľ
ƴͬƼСŮ̬򴽵ЦŵĿֻ֣صĵ˵ͷ˵ĸܺá
Ȼ
ȻʶʱЩ飬Ҳ׷Ľ׵ģƴĽ׼ԼִŰġ
ǰֻƴںһ˺ܿı湬ĵؾ̤Ľ׵ɽȣһ·ϼʶ˲ٵҩﻨҩ˱ƼһͷñѼѵӣϻһҩݣȻڲҩ˫ֹǽ޳ɾɿҩ֮еĲҩϴժ˿õĲҩȴ˲ҩ
ʳֲСڣЩҰ׵ζ
ƵĸһͷСţСţıϣһͬѼ·СֻǶ¶һذźֱۺСȣϵЬòݱ֯ĲЬ
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ֻһ۱˳
һҩװ紩ڳƸϣʹóƸϲ
ι
˫ֻأҩĨϤӰ߰°ͣҲЩģҩеӰϤ֮󣬻еĶĿĿˡ
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漸˹Ľ׻ĳ˹
ϰϰ뾳ϵĻģˣĽժͷϵĲñ¶һųַϵٷֿʮֵͨȻһʱȴһֲ԰ε
ͺһµĹžһ㣬ԽԽ㣬ԽԽ
òȴԷ绪ˣΪģʽٿݣʡ
ƴҲˡĽͬ˴к
ƴѭųĽ׵΢΢ɤʵЦţò
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λǵϱɣ
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һۼĽ׸˵ĸоþ飬֮룬᲻ıǹɳ崺ϸסǾǧϴģƴûеġ
ǰͳĽദʱֻΪĽ׵Ϊ۷
ҽ߳ҽºΪ˸˴塣
űҽߴе̬ɡ
ڳĽףֻеϸ࣬˵ĽײֻԼĽ򣬸ʦһĴڡ
ȻĽײֻ֪룬֪ǰ֮Ĺϵֻǲº͵ĻŴСţĳƸ裺˾ˣĸ
ֻƸ˫ƨɣһȳһյĳż˵ķ˹
Ƹһ̧ͷ¶һžµСǸճϣɫ֭춼ǣԽĿɰϲˡ
˫ξһӣװǳ󺣣Ϣ
ΪֻĴԽæƴǸı˺ܶ飬Ҳƴǰ𣬳Ϊ˻ϣûȥ¥һϵе˷ʱ飬ֻͬƴǹ뾳ʱҲǰˡ
Ȼǰˣ˵ı仯ΨȴǺͼвһ
ڵҪǰһʱСһЩӵĿɰ۰ǸĴһɰࡣ
˾ˣĸ
ƸǳһһһƴǺֻɨ۶ŴĽţĿȴֻϵʱգһ۾ԺʲôȤͷɡ
ϾСֻһ㽫Ŀֻƿһϣ״ˣ㲻Ҫˣòã
֪ˡ
ոժϷָףأ
˵ɣƸ軹ǣһ˫ĿδĿ棬ֺõİš
ҪˣҲܹڳĽ׵ߡ
׺͵չ˺ǻͬģϸһرߣС˼Ҳ֮еģղף죬Ͱ͵ġ

999 Ȱ

999 Ȱ
ĿŸģȴǳʵĽǸݹϽ˹Ժ󻹸𣿡
ԸҲ֪˭
滹ǳĽףǸԳȣסģǸȴ쳣ĵƤڶ˶ڳʱйоأ治¾һˡ
ǰգƸ边Ȼȥмʱ͵͵׽Ū湬ŮЩԼһܳȥץ˻֮󣬱Ǳһ𷣣Ȼ󶪸ҩյϵܡ
еĺӵտŵʱ򣬾Ǻտʱһ
Ÿʱ򣬸İװ׾С꣬ڳĽŲż졭
⵹ˡ
ֱӱ˷ţޣ
ֺֺЦųĽῡݵӸͷƢ
˲ˣƤգգ۾СԴȴҡĺ˹һ㣬Ҫ˵ĸڻһ㣺״˾ԭ¸һΰɡ
䣬濪ڣ°Ĵӵϰڷŵ¨зȥȻ˵ע֮£¨óһԴĴϣǰ
ĺҶÿֻΧȿˣֻʣмһ顣
˵û꣡Ƴһۡ
Ƹæıţûأ
״ˣΪ˰мһ׳أƸ轫ϰڻУһСԴ档
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ĽЦĿ棬İ˳ĽһۣЦɡ
Ҫƴǵĸҿ϶Ҫûģ
һÿ
ƴǴ˷ܳһ˲ףйƳҪ飬һкܶ໰ҪͳĽ˵˷̫ʱ䣬Ųô׵ķŹĽأ
ûô˵
ǣ˵Ķԡ
ƴǣллˣ
Ľ˳ĻȤƴǺֻ˵Ľ׺ٲȻһϷһ㣬ļ飬˷ܣķͬ紵ĺ棬Ĺƽ
ˣˣƢ
ֵһ³ĽףЩϱŵЩµĶ£Ҫ㣡
ƴǣǸҹ
ϱأĽֻǾɻȴģİ˵Ļϱŵҩ¨ʱ£һ˵˲Զҩ®֮С
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ƴĵͷľСϣĽҲǵһ࣬ü΢ĴƴǵɾָѹƴǵϣĽһƽȡ
ȴųĽʱġ
ֻǰһʱ򣬱ǵ˺ƴǹȥ꣬ĽŻѪһҲŸƳѹƴڹƳĽҩ
ֻȥĽֱƳ⿪ƴڹƳҩ裬ֻƾͳĽ׵ҽƴǲô࣬
֮ҵƴڹƳĸڣҲܰƴຣˡ
ֻʶסĵȴųĽĽȴʱ尾ģǳĽÿüֻĪĽ
ƴǵ岻ͬǰһưʱƴڵĶѾֻˣҹƳҲҩѹƣĽӦҲֶߵİɡ
ε£ĽڻķſƴǵϽüͷƺšĸˣصĿҲδй˿Ļ⣬㡭˳סˡ
ҵܵܵ嵽ʲô㵹˵
ôĬʲô
ĽҸ㣬˵ﲻ
漱ˣųĽԥģδ˿ѯʣյĺȫ
״ĽϽüɢĿ棺ûУֻЩҪȷһ²ſԣҲǲ׶Եģ
ƴǵƺ
ƺͱ˶һ
ûȳĽ׽˵ֻ꣬Żش𣺡ƴǷùѹҩ裬ڵ忴ǺͳģЩȴƴǵڣ޷׽⿪
ЩѹƵҩҲʧȥЧһ죡
ֻûֱ˵ƴڵйƣһǶڳĽ׵أһ没βʲô֢Ҫӱ˵Ŀ˵ǼĲأǳĽϲƴǵڲǶǹƳĻǺ˵Ҳûá

1000 콭

1000  콭
ֻڻشʱŻؾ˵ţӦ԰취ֻǸƴǷѹƵҩ衣
ֻ˵ĽĿŶ
Ƕҽģ
Ľϳƴ֣˽⵽Ϊҩæ롭Ȼֻĵã
ƴʲôø
ҵһλòڵĻʺ󣬾Ƕҽģ˵ĸ߳
ֻȻЦЦɷµĳųĽ׹˹֣󻺻˵ӡ
ĽܵȻȻֻԱ֮ȴ΢΢һ㶣ϱľϲӣ
㾹Ȼǡ
ȻǽӣǸȵҽ
вŻʱǻ᲻ԾĲһϧ໥͵ĸġ
ЩʱĽױŹӵ֣Ҫͽӽʶ뷨ֻǿϧԸ׵ˣǸҲĴĺ޶뷨գΪⱲݳޣ롭
ԼĵϱȻԼǸɵĽӣƵᣬĳĽҲЩ
ƴڵǸ֣ա
ֻ˵ǰ㣬ȷбùҩȥѹƵĺۼɲǳ֮ƣʱƽȣޱȣȻȴƽдգһЩѹƵҩû֮Ʊػƴǵһķˡ
ɼˣҲܺѹƵҩֻҲǸҽӵ֮
ûֻЩѹƵҩƴھѾܹƳȺƽˡ


ǽɽв˳벻ᣬ˸ߵҽ裬º

Ľ׺ε˵Լѹƴڵİȡ
ʵס
ؽǲἵʱ˱ԼģֻǻԵ˺͸пƳ֣һʱӶͣڷܳɳ׳ڵʱֻ˯ǹƳ泤ɣƱػʳƴڵĥ
ֻųĽ׵ĿȴЩ顣
֮ҽߣΪִҩİæɳĽٳȴȫǿԼı£ʵοеǰԼܹĽ׵㡣
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Ϊʲô
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ֻͷһμ֪˲ţĸоʲôġ
ڳĽҡͷ֮£ֻֻԼԴ죬Ե˵ҲȫˣֻɫҰʱֻһֻԾĴִӱһԼԼ˻
ֻãȻĻͷ⧲ıƴǺʯһͫеЦ⣺ģûµġ
ƴǣڰȺƽѾܸˡ
ֻѾȬֶƴ˵ݳ޵飬ڵİѾˣ㽫
ƴǲֻͷǺͿǷģҲֻǶֻԼ
ֻĪۿ΢죬ȴѾ˾ĵģǳĽ˵ûа취κƴǣҲһҪʼնƴǵߣæţѰĸڣ
״ˣûӦԵİ취
ĽףôõҩҽôҵܵܵĲβã
ֻأ
ĽȴæĽͣǣǶǻˡ
ҵûУ޽⣬ƴǵһ㽡ЩҩЧܺãѾ׽ƴڵ״ѹˣԱ㲻Ҫʲôˡ
ĽЩпƽĶۣƴǵĲֻδ֮ʱ͵Լǰ³ĽҲһֻɾͿ׼ݣǽɽв˳

1001 Ϊʲô

1001  Ϊʲô
ֻٿ̧ͷϣ
ϵĵҲתΪŭȭͷĵ˳Ľ׵ǰĽ㳤ˣ
ǲǣ
˵Ȼѧ˴ˣ֪֪ǻ˵ģȻϱɽȴҲеʺ͵ǣĽֻǷĵĸпһ£ȴڳŮ˶Żˡ
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ѹĽЩεĿһƴǺֻȴĺţ˺ˣҲԣûн˵
Ҹոֻڸ̾ҽĸ߳һʱ֮ˣҲ֪ҵϰߡ
һ³ĽףĽеˮ˻ȥ
˵Щ˿Цˣ
˵£
ֻƴЦĿŸƵͳĽףҲ֪֮ΪǣĻ㷽ŵ˼ʲô
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ƴڵĹƳ滹еĽ𣿡
ĽĿɵĿһƴǡ
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ԣĽײŵ̾˿ĿصĿżˣ˵ԼĿĽƴڵʵ⣬ֲ⡣
ԭΪѾǰҩѹסˣԭǣƴǵ̫֣ͨжֻǡ
ǡйơ
Ľ׻ȴᶨ˵ԼĿ
ϣԼˣϾƳʵ̫֣ǻڣҲǵһ
Һձҩݺҽ飬Ͼʱиֲ֢ƴڵԼһżйơ
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ƴˣԼҲȥѰƴǣȻĽײԸףɱϾƴ׵ܵܣҲԼĵܵܣģǶҽģôӦȥƴһ
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ȻڳĽ֣صĽ˵ʱֻƴϵıѾ˵һУǾǡûдǹơֻƴǷõѹƵҩҲֻѹƹƳҩ
ɱꣿ
ꡣ
ĽҪѯʣֻҲǼ̵Ļش
ƴǵǾûκεΣյģǵЩҩ˵ʱûҵĸƵʱֻ㲻аˣ⼸ɡ
ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ֲֻ
ҩû֮ƴڵĹƳҲҪһʱģʱֻѹơ
ɷһ䣬֪Ƴ֮µģ
ĽĹżҽ䣬ҽ֪Ƴ治ѣȴҲֻǲ²ſܣǿֻƴϵķӦȷģȻˣĽ׵ѾͬκһˣǷֻȴ˵Ȼ
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ĽײԴֻǾ֣ҽҪ裬ʹһЩ򣬵Ǿ࣬Ϻͼʶ࡭ֻȷʵᣬһǹŮôܻᶮô࣬ƳƫŵҲס
иڱ
ԳĽ׵ʣֻЩǸżȻĻᡣ
Ͼʱϲйżҽ䣬йعƳҽ飬ԭҲǲ²⣬ŵõ֤ʵġ
ʦӺδ
Ľʣֻҽ˸߳ҪҵֻʦǲǾʹƴȬĿҲŴ
ֻȴ̾˿ʦɣЩõָ㣬ֻǸϲҰ׵޶Ҳ
Ľָֻ
ĽҲǸ˰ɣ
ֻû˵ѡ
ֻ˵Ľ׵ЩįϧˣϧԵ
֮ƴҲȷͬ˵Ƴûһ㻺Ƶİ취ֻһԸҵĸƺ¹֮ˣûκεĽ취ģ

1002 ҪһЩʱ

1002 ҪһЩʱ
ֻԥĽ׵̬Ҫƶ
ҵĸƺ¹֮ˣѯ¹֮õĺַƺ¹ƣڴƵַҪ̫񶾣ƴǱоȵĿԺܴ󣡡
Ľ׵ʹӣŵĿڡ
Ӳһĳƣ¹ƣżĽͷֱ𣬲ֻƷַͬᵼĹƳ治һ¹ƵķͬҲǸͬġ
¹Ƶ˻дһЩ֪ĻƳǿĸڣ⿪ڵĹƵġ
¹ƵȫޣԼ¹ƣǽһܿµ飬Ƶķֻʣɱʦһ·ˣɱʦһܳ׽
֮ǰڶҽУƳĵмǽƳİ취ȴֻЩʵ
Ѿܺˣ
ƺڹһ㣬Ľ׿űįֻԹȻǲʲôƴǣһ㣬ȴǿ֤ʵģ
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ֻǰ
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Ľ΢üƳڶ࣬ҲǸͬ¿Ӧֻ֪ƴ˹ƣƳİ취ѹסƴڵĹƳ棬ȴ֪ʲôƳ棬ʲôࡣ

ҿҵ
Ľ׳Ƭ̿ڣҵƴڹƳ࣬ѰĸƵʱ򣬶ǵİǺܴģ
ǻʲô
Ͻİ
һΡԱһֱȴŽٶȿڴߴ٣
ֻҲһԸŽš
ȷ
Ϊ֪ⷽʶ˽٣ҲһͷˮҪִҽеæƴǵѪֻֻҲ֪ƴ˹ƣڳĽ˵ġƴйƵ࣬Ǳˣ
ҲͲ֪ĸôģúֶƳģѰҲͬһѣҪ֪еĺֹƳ棬Ҳ˽ĸúֳƳģ˵
˵ֻƳһЩѹƵҩ衣
޷׸ΣǾƴ
ܶҲǺõġ
ҪһЩʱ䣬գ
żҽڶҲһ˷ͷ۵飬ҪҪķѺܶʱ䣬ʲôʱܽЩż¼ĶԺоͺˣʲôʱҪõĵóˣ
Ľֱ˵˵š
ƴǺֻ໥һۣá
⼸Ҳǲģֻǽ㣬ս»ʵǻ»ֵǸаϹȨʱƴ˱ҲʦͽһҺͻҪȥһףء
ǲձ㶯ˡ
Ľü룺û⣬ҵ˾һ֮ȥ֪ͨ㡣
ã
ƴ룬ȻЦЦǾͰнˡ
ڼ˵Ĺ򣬳ƸѾϴһ׸ɾѣһɫۣΪոһ·ܶ˵ĸϲ״ˣæʲôأ
һ·Сų嵽ԡ
Ƭ֮䣬ѾȥϵǳЦӯӯĿǰ۵ĿɰСӡ
æŸʰ㣬ʵ
ŻųƸ衣
Ƹ˱һڳļˣŵܿŬʿˮһĴ۾գ۵ʱźŨĽëͰ͵СģȤ
Ǹ
״ˣģ
Ļģ
˾˾
ܵƴǵߣƴǵƴǡ
龫
Цһ䣺˾˰æҪٲﻹҪ㣡
ǣ

ƴ絶һǷĿʼմųЦݣ˳ƽԼ½ǵĳƸ豧ڻУֻͬһЦֻҲǺϲƸɰģ
ʵҪ
ֻҲ˺ܾˣûԼĺӣֿϧġ
ԭŵΪƸĳֶͻȻ˶ԳƸϲƸСĸһ޷мܣֻƴĺžĸÿҲҪȢһĸϱȵȽ䡭
ôҿЦ
ֻųƸһ֮󣬱ͬƴֻһͬĽһѰҷĹżˡ
ʵֻһֱĴġ
Ǿǣûа취ƴҵĸƣⲻƴڵĹƳ棬ֻ¹֮˼޷ﵽԼӵĿģƴǱŵòͻٵ̬ȣǻûҵĸ֮ǰͻĸƣƴǣָô죿
ƴϵİ¿ǾãϧȴǰŲӿķգʱһԨ
ǾֻԴкͷҲģܲܳɣҪһԡ

1003 Ѫ취У

1003 Ѫ취У
򡣡
֮䣬ֻѾҪ˵Ļڣʾ֮ĽǶֻ˼ƴǺĺųƸ裬ûע⵽ǣȻıܿ˼˵ߵ˹սǴ
ʲô𣿡
ĽƼֻü֮ĵǣʵ
ֻüšڳĽ׽ŵĿ»˵Լ룺˵ҪҲĸƸô죿
¹֮ţҪҵ¹֮˻ҵĸȥ⿪ƴڵĹƣҪţֻ¹Ƶķ֣ƴǽ⿪ƣ㡭
ڵ졣
Ҳ˵˵书߳ʤ¹֮ˣȻô񶾵ȥкƴǣô׵Ľİ취ƴǽ⿪
Ҫ˵Ǳ¹֮ķԾˣ
ȴƴǺֻģһͷļ裬Ƿأ
Ƶİ취¹˵ƿأ
ֻǵúǰУƴ֮Խصִһҵ˱סƴǵģƴִƼѪɹκƴǣôء
һδԽŵִҩ֮кܶҽеܹ֧ŻѪģֻĿǰֻǵģ㡣
һ
ŴִѪѪһϡƽ飬ڳҪƴǻѪƱҪģȥѪ˿ϣˣŪƺƴֻͽ޹

ֲֻλʵֻ˵ֲֻʲôʱʵʲôʱΣŻǰİ취Ĵ汣ɻ󣬲֪òţĽױϾҽĽװæһıôеļʾͻ̶ܴȵߡ
ֻԥ֪Ľ׻᲻Լ̫˼ܽˡ
룬ֻ˵Լ뷨֮󣬳ĽϵЦݽʧתĿǸӵĿֻ֣صĳƬ֮󿪿ڣҲǲԣķ̫Ͷ·ʱ򣬵ǲʧΪһ취
ǲʧΪһ취
Ľ׻˵ԼĿֻŵĳ׷֮ܿǰβΣġ
ѪĶƴǵЧ
ֻŵԿ԰ˣϢһŶĴڣֻӽŵһĽ׵ϵǻָЦ⣺õҽȻѰܱȵģܶ뷨ҲǱĲã󵨣ȴʧΪһͻơ
ܽˡ
ĽĿ󣬵ֻȴЩ
ܶ취ɶԼģֻΪһδˣʶѧӰˣɲ룬δֻͬĽ׿ĽױĿֻ
ϱ֪Щʵǲ˵ģҽҲᶮģΪƴǺĽ򣬻ǾбҪҪһ䣬ЩҩȻʱõȷǿõҪЧɱϾǳ֮ߡ
Ƿõľˣǻ
ֻɫ˼֣Ȼ˳Ľ׻еĺ壬˵ǡҩ
ȻҲֻܿУȻҽ̫裬ǿ˾η
ƼֻĽţĽ׵Ц˼ʵܽϱһԵ֣ȻѾ±ҪһأôʲôΪѵĵطҲӦƽľ˵Ȼһܣѡֻһѹʼղǽ취ʱ䳤˻϶Ӱ˵ĸ顣
ֻƴǵĸ飬ǳĽ׺ոռȴҲܸܵõģֻȴԼҩУһƴǣֻӦǡƴ֪岻ʺϷԲŻ˽ƴ֪
ǷޣҪҹһģƴ˼ܣʱƱػֻ쳣ƴǱȻᷴ˼Ϊλ᲻ԸĺӣǲΪѵĵطƴǸʲô鶼ϲԼһŵˣĸ鶨ȻѺۡ
ֵܶ𲢷ǲǲˣ˲øγȥķʽԽԽҲԽԽԹͬȥˣź
ǰ㣬ʱ򣬳Ľ״ûҪһŮһ߹һĴ㣬ΪⱲӿֻܾкҩΪˣɲͻȻĴ׵ĵףһóĽҪһػһͷĴ㡣
Ľ֪ȻܶʱƢ꣬Щǲʲô鶼ƽľʲôΣնЯһҸġ
֪ĽǺѣֻĿЩȻĵͷ˵ĻҶף

1004 ԥ

1004 ԥ
Ҷ׵ġ
ֲֻɵô벻Ľ׵Ĺ˼ɡ
ףһֱ׵ģ
ƴǵôأ
ƴǶ궼ưҩһֱǲٵ״̬òױԼҽκˣȴҪ˵кӡ̫̣̫˺ƴǳΪ˵ˡ
ƴǷ
ôеҪֻһӰ
ֻ˽ƴǵԸҪ֪ԼôǾԲԼһģϲᣬ뵢Լഺʱ䣬Լź
ֻףƴΪԼ屻κ˲Żֻһġ
ֻףҪֻôƽľȥƴ˵Щ

ǻκҲġ
Ľײŵһ̾ЩпǸùΪˣ
ֻǿԼһĨЦ⣺Ϊѡ
Ըġ
֪ƴ֪ƴǽĽֻΣֻҲԸ޷˵ıƴǣԸ⡭Ը⡣
оʲôأ
ҩգҽҽһ죬óԷ𣿡
ע⵽صˣȡЦƴǣܹĻʺǼҵǸѾҩûˣǼҵǸᣬϣ
ƸƴǵĻֻܵߣǵֻȹڣĸĸԷˣ
ķӣֻֻԼĿҪڻһ㣬ͷѹŵĳҲʱɢֻǳЦƸ豧ڻУ˵á
ȳԷ
Թ֮˾˺;ĸҪ뿪뾳ȥˣԸǣ
𣿡ƸźһĴ۾ֻĸҪȥ𣿡
״˻᲻᲻ͬⰡ
ֻЦЦ״˻᲻ͬ⻹ҪıְҪǹʱ״ҲӦøȥģ
뾳Ͼ
ͳĽ׶ѾĲ׺ɣɸСȴãȻ֪Ǻ棬С̫ҲãӦȥӴһЩˣʶһЩ¶ŻĳɳкôȻҲҪƴǽƸˡ
úģ
úġĸʹŸһȥɣ
úúãô˵ҪǵͷӦˣǾĸ;˾˾ʹߣֻĿ硣
Ƹ۵СΪ˶ú˵ģҮҮ
Ǹúñ֣״Ӧ
ʵͲ౸˾ƲˣһΧò֡
Ƹ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ棬СһСţ״ˣóԣ״˳
һӵ˶ЦĿųƸɰģ͵͵Ŀ̽ɫԼҪȥ棬ȴֱ˵ȴҪֺ棬Ȥˡ
ȴǳųƸйСš
Ƹ״һ˫ʯһ˫˵гһ϶ʮڵһЩˣ׶һЩ
̫ˡ
濴ųƸڵģֻÿЦãӷϣһһĿڣ١ơ衣
ڣ
Ƹ̷¿ӣֵַվںľԲԣԴĿ棺״ˣڣ״кηԸ
˵ɣҪʲô
ƸԴ˵Ҫ;ĸ;˾һȥ档
˽㣬㿴ôͱΪˣ
ƴһԺֻ໥֮Ц˳ԴĳƸ裺˾ȥˣһҪӦ˾ˣҪʵ˾˹ܲ㣬ֱ˽ͻ½״ܽ㣬ô
ã
лл˾ˣ
ǡ״ˡƸдŹȥ治ǲУʵͲҪ㣬Ҫ֪𣡡
֪ˣ
һΪƸĿĶ쳣ܰǢƸǸ˵һȥֺ棬һȥĽ״Ŀ佱ֻƯ
ƴǵҲһֱ¶žΥЦݡ
ۼŽƻ轫ֻƴùȴ뾳ˣʱæٵȥҪǧϣҲ֪ǰЩʱ䣬ǧڻʹ֮ôˣ
Ҳǻ⵽ŵϮˡ
ұ㲻ˣ
žҪ뿪ƴǣЩʧģһǿǲϲֱЩͿ޿ģĽ֪ԼϱԸ񣬱еͱ˵
߰ɣҵ˹Ƴ࣬˴Ÿǣ⣬ʱ뾳ʰǰ֮ٽһػʹ

1005 

1005  
ĽŵЦţԼҪģĿֻϣ֮ǰ˵ĻúõĿǿǡ
ûкӲҪģҪƴ֪ԼֻһͼıǸܳþãĽǹˣ֪һԷ˺ǻô
ֻĿ˸һúÿǵġ
ãǽټˣ
ƴǵ˵ͷֻһ׼ϣѾȺһ˱Żƻٶȳ
ҡҡλΣֻȴû֮ǰǰƴ˵ЦصߵʱĽ˵Щǲ֪ҲоᣬȴһֱҲʵĻȥƴ̹ס
ϢŬ͵͵ѰҰ취ֲƴǽû֮޿֮ٸԭֻʼնԥ
ôˣ
ƴǿֻüšһ𣬵ǵʵ岻𣿡
Ϊϲߡ
ֻЦҡҡͷǡ
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ֻǣǿЦЦҾǴԼ᲻֪𣿡
˵ڸû£иССֵģҲǻԼҽεġ
ƴǳƬ̣ЦЦҲǡ
ңǹˡ
ƴǡҡ
ֻЦĻԺиڻصųĽ׵Ļԥ֮ƴǿڽ˵ɲƴȸԾûע⵽ֻԥ;ģԼ˵˵š
Ҳýͽܺãû˴ţమ˾סڶ棬ʱʱܼǽԼĺӣԽλ׵Ľ͸ȥʱҲȥѡһɽˮĵطȹʱҲû˻ŵˣ
һܶܶຢӣŮƺҲġ
ƴһǸȣϲ׽Լ¶ǰģһ뾳֮пһӵŨɣҲеҪֻһңŮϥ³лΪ֡
ãҲġ
ֻƴǣ̫ˣ˭ööຢӣ
ֻǿн׵ѹ£ͬƴһ㣺ҲŲأҪԼ
òֻ̹׵ľΪƴǵĸ˶ɢǡٵȵȰɣֻߡֻȥȥ֮Ŭļӿٶȴ֣ҵƳİ취ͿԲøƴˣ
Ҳƴѹˡ
ƴˬʵЦţӴˣΪ֪ˣΪһúõĲӣһӵĻ
ڵƴǺֻĴȤ̲סЦ˳ӣʺǲ̫Ŀŵ˰
¸ϳѾˣҪλιĹºί
ֻˣֻߵЩҲѧʱʱðһЩִĴ˵Ǽֲˡ
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ԭֻŵģ¿ȴҲ̲סЦ㿴㣬Ǻѧģû
ʲôӾʲô£
ʱ䲻ˣҪ˯һЩˣ
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ãǵŵ˿ջʱҽ㡣
㹻ڸ·֮ǰƴǱ˼·ϱֻӿܻܲסа˱ͷ㹻ڶɣֻûϢƴҲֻ󣬽ĽڻС
ҹɫڣ޴ĻһŨīһ㣬Ļ
ҪϢ·Ҳ˶֮»صммĿջϤӰ
ǧة࣡
ǸϹˣ
ӣʺˣ
µһ˯ˡ
ĳڷЩ
ֻãȻ۾Щ˼ĿƴǣֻֻҪܿƴǣ֪ôƴǽͣҡҡλεķߣԼȻʲôʱ˯ŵĶ֪ƴȴȱ۾Լ
ԡԲ𡣡
˯̫ˡ
ƴǵ̫ᣬͺҪֻȥһ㣬⧲ģֻҲĪ©˼ģղԾĸ˼Ĩ糺졣
ɣȥջϴһ£ǵĸ·Ͳˣ
ǰΪҪܿ˵ߵĴæ˵Ϊ˽ʡʱҹ·
Ѿɹĺǧةϣȥһ·϶ǳ˵֮ڵģҲ㲻üŸ·ˣֻҲܳסһЩ

1006 

1006  
ƴֱֻ֣һ·µ˿ջȱȴõةǧǽӭǰ㿪õĿͷ֮Уӣ
ǧةƴһ˵ʱһ֮ǧ⸴ӵĿƴǻ㱨ӣȻϣͻʺ뿪ʹ֮űǰ̽ˣҺѾǰ׼Щȫնɱû»
ƴǳ˵ͷ
뾳湬ȽأƴǱ¶֮ǰˣǧҲΪŵ
ʱĵӦԣ˫в棬ɿİƴǣǽΪһֵܼˣ
ûۿǲģҲ㻳ɰɡ
ҪϹɻǰȣ
ϼҼȻһֱ׷湬䣬ɱϾֻǲ׽Ӱ飬ûеĿ棬ûҵ湬ڱ㹹ʲôвص
ƴĵģ᲻ڹʲô顣
Ϲĺܣһֱڰջʺ֮ǰ˵ǰ㣬ŬѧŹأϹǴϻۣѧĺܿ죬Ҫǻس֮ǰͰһжѧˡ
ǧʵĻشƴǵ⣬ôʵ֣Ҳȷǳ˵ԤϣΪ빬ʱʱֵ̲̿ģû뵽ȻֻĹΪѶ˵
ҺúöŰɣܸκֵĻᡣ
ƴ̾һ¾ֻܶˡ
һԵֻȴֻߵĹˣҲҪСţ
ӣܶʱǲԼȥģҰռ䣬ϼҼӦڹ氲˲ٵߣܿߵĹҲСɫһҪˣ©ʱҪĴۡ
ҪǣϼҼеҪ빬Ϊʲôأ
ǵĿʲô
еǰֻҲǶϼҼͼãȻ֪ȻǴ˼ѹҲûϼҼϡ֣ҵϼҼͼֻڵȥѰĸƾͲôڵˣ
ԣǻʺ˼ȫ
ةݵһϣӿֻڸǲסֻҽ߳ϸĻʺƴǴ󹬣ŲǰжѣֻҪ޶˺ܽġ
ǧҲֻƴǣڼලˣ褱ʱ̶ŷأĵˮ©
ʱ䲻ˣǰձӵȻϢҪӽгˡ
ǧֻϵƣЩ̣ʵˣȥˣǻʧֻΪѵĿˣˣռƻǴ·ϺܰȵĶȹˣȴҪ·ˡ
ƴȻϢüšĸˣˣ
ô죿
֮ǰϹдŵĻֻϲأŲһµʱ䣬Ȼ֮ǰúõģһ˾ˣ֪Ϲڵˡ
ûϵǱЩ·ɣҲռаˣֻЦڣƴһԽĽָֻţˡ
Ϲ˵ƴһִģһеǻӣȨ㳯ҰսаϾҪΪĻϣȻûйʦûʽʦͽ˵ͽ˴˿ǳȴ֮ϵ׺ˡ
һ޾ȻʲأϹҲǻΪʣƴҲкܶĻҪϹ˵ġ
ֻ£֪ƴǵ˼ҲῪڡ
һԵڿջ֮ϢƬ̣·ۼŻδ磬Ѿӡ
ʹ
Ŀ񾲵İݷ㻻һҩݷ㣺ǿˣԺϴ˿ڻҩˣ
嵹ǿû뵽ȴô˾Ȼʵʵڴôã
ݷڳˣΪСǱİɣԵһЩĺӲһҲ⣬ֻҩϵѾȫȻˣʣµֻжͷ϶˿ڻҪţܵ˵ûʲôˡ
ݷ򴽣һ˫аȵһпŲģûаϣǺЦ⣺û취
һֱڽ߱ţҲûиϢʱ䣬飬Һòҵ˻ᣬһźţ϶ҪװһʱģȻôṻ
ݷЦӯӯĴȤ
һ㶣ŷӦݷǡռԼıأ
ʲôһźţ
ݷǰԼˣ

1007 Ҫ

1007 Ҫ
ð㣡
㾹Ȼװ
֪ϸ۰Ʈ˼ĨΣȴҪݷģκݷ㶯Ѹ٣ڲ֮Ѿȶ㿪ˣ˱Цٿأһʱֱֱĳݷ˹ȥ
ڵ˫˲ۼžҪݷϡ
ݷҲ΢΢񣬵ܿıֱ֣ӽĲסҶѸٵķһԣȴδͲйֵӴǰġҪͲŰ׽Ĺϵ
ȿȡ
һԭֵ޵˲Щ
˵ݷ׵룬ǿЦ⣺ˣݷү
˵ҲҪˡ
ҪǻʺҪȥûʱչ㣬԰ȻѾؼҺҵĸĸžˡ
뾲ĶںľԲϣȻǴЦģǿݷʱĿȴڲزסʧ䣺ĲҲǴˣʺǱҲˣ
ݷֻǳɣܿģ˵ͷţЩؼܺ͸ĸžҲǺõġ
ҶҪؼҵģ
ݷ֮ǰͺڴԼһңϧԸԶʵˡ
ش֮Ͼʱ򻹿ԸдţǳɢҲԡݷ룬ٶȲʱӭ
𣿡
һĴɢ𣿡
ȻЩ΢ϣǼˣݷɱͷȥڴԥİɡ
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ϹɳԸȥȥɱ
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еҪҸҸԳϧ£ȻûһֵϹεģѣ˷飬˸ոյǻֻƴǹ
Ϲ֪Լĺܹ֣ûа취ˡ
ѹѹԼĸоҪˣΪѵʱ뵽ģҲֻƴԼΪʦһĴڵġ
ֻӲϹ˺ܶ࣬Ŀвǰǰִּ֣Ҳ˺磬ܾöûдˡ
ֻɵ˺ܶп
Щʱ˻ţбͷʲô鶼Ͻˡ
仹׽ˣһֶʱãȻ֪ĸо
ͺ񡭡
ͺһֱͻȻˣҲųʧȥ˷ܶķһ㡣
֮ǰֻϹˣĻҲϹһĴˡ
ֻɫĿкܶ໰໥ԳˣʶȤĿƴǿ˵̸ţȥϢ޵㡣

1008 Ǹûʵ۵

1008 Ǹûʵ۵
ã
ƴǺֻղЦЦֻŹŮ·£޵֮ڶʱֻʣϹƴˣ
˵ˣ˵λʵۣλͬˡ
ʦͻȻúã
֪Լʲôã֪Լ˭δҪʲô
ֻ£ƴǼıӰϤϹֻİ̲࣬סȶƴǿڣ¶Լ˼
ƴȴǲżϹֻɫȻʾϹͬһϯضʯ̨ףǲ֪ʲôʱƷһԡ
ʱϡ㷱ھ޴ҹĻ֮˸ģҪˡ
ƴǴ򿪾ƺһҾƣ㽫ƺϹǰ
ϹδԣҲƺһ㣬֮û˴롣
Ҿƻ븹УϹã˼˲˺ܶ࣬ƴͬһĿݣЦЦʦʱ仹𣿡
á
á
ʵܶʱҲã٣֪Լʲôźá
ƴǴĿЩ
һ˼ϲ˵ǰֳԼĸ飬ϲѹ棬û֪ƴǵ뵽ʲôֻҲȻ˽ȫƴǵġ
񡭡Ī˵ϹƴҲͷһκޱĴ顣
Ҹʺĸ֪ҸʺĸصĻʱ򣬾ҲĴ׷ɱʱҲã
ƴǺʯһڵ˫ĿЩԶƺڻ䵱ǶʹľǸʱҺ춼ˣûֵΣҲûֵȥأ
Ǹڰġ
ǸʱҲ˺ܶ໳ɣ֪ԼδʲôȥģҺ뽫ԼӱеʵֻǻԼ棬㲻бˣбѣѹˡ
ϹīƴǵĻһȻ
ǰҪӱܱӱܵ˵ġ
ʲôʲôȥ룬ôҸʺĸĳûȥҲң⣬Ϊҵų۸ˡ
ƴĿԶҲҪǱܣܾγңԼȴͷڹֻ꣬׸ұҪ̶꣬ȻŻѰһᣬԡŻڵƴǣ
ǵǵһμʱ˵Ļ𣿡ƴ˵棬Ϲȴ΢΢񣬵漴ܿᶨĿڣǵá
;ʦʱ򣬾ʦ˵ֻҪ룬ұԣ
ϹЩпʱǵһμƴǰʮˡ
ȥɳƶֱսŵĵطĲֻҪҵҪӣֻĿ࿴
ʵǸʱ򣬾ϹԼǺѵ֪ʱ뷨ǳ˵ΣǾԲʵֵģǾǸʱƴһĳ֣ΪеԼҺǼᶨƵĺԼ˵ţֻҪ룬ԡ
ʱϹţֻǱԿֲʧ̬ȣɲ롭һԣγˣ
ˣ
һԼ롣
ԡ
ӦƴˣеԸҲǴʱʼϹһϵţʲô漣
񡭡
ƴٶĳ棬ϹɵþЩ͸п
Ǿʦⲻһ
ϹЩȻ
ɳǵʱ֮ϹϮԼԸΪƴڣʲôΣգƴǶܰæԼıߣ׻ڣƴѾǳĻˣԼľʦˣ
뿪ƴǵϹͺǸһ㣬ʲôˣҪ˵Ļ֮λģϹ

ƴٿؿڽסϹ¡
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ֻĸ֣ȴǴ˴ʱ˿Ϲĵ飬Ȼƴʼն˽Ϲˣܶʱ򣬱ϹԼ˽
˵ʲôã١
ʵֻں°ˡ
Ϲں£ԼܺúõʤһλãԼ޷סصԼ޷ϵΡ
˶ϹĹ˼ɣƴǾȻֱӽϹ˵
Ȼûƴǡ
ϹͻȻЩ٣ʦǲЩûã
ǿǻλ֮õĻλϹֶãǵ˹ؼʱȻ⣬ڱ˵УʵΪʲôҪô
ƴǶ
λǿȥô򵥣Ҳֻܷ⣬վԽߣϵαԽء

1009 Ǹûʵ۵ģ2

1009  Ǹûʵ۵ģ2
仹һɱȨĻʵۣİȵģһðʧ಻ԡ
ϹųûãֻΪϹе̫ǿԲŻĲΡ
ں£ԼʤΣܳΪһûʵۣʱ۵µİա
ûã
ǡǡΪϹĹ˼ɺԥŸ֤ˣǸûʵ۵ѡ
ΪҪΪһûʵۣҪģ֮Ƕǣֶ֮֡
ϹֻҪܱĲ䣬ʱǻὨģΪһʵߡ
һûʵ۵ģ
ƴǻڣͳɳƷ·Īħһ㣬Ϲʱġ
Ϲ˫⣬ЩƴǣʦҡĻһûʵ𣿡
һûʵۣ
򵥵һ仰ȴǶϹĿ϶
ϹҲЩ
Ϲε֮£ƴ֣صĵͷᡣ
ʲôʱֻҪǵʱ˿̵УʲôվڰյĽǶȥص룬ͻΪһ̵ĺûʵۡ
ˮ
ƴ֣صϹ˵ԼԻλĿȻЦЦϹļ򣺡ԥˣĴֻϻ֮λˣ
ϹѾˣĻҪôӹŵҪô̫壬ֻ̫̰ģǺõĻʵѡȻյʱҲὫλиϹˡ
ǡ
ϹĿԺҵûоʦ¡
õģͰ֮ǰǰ㣬ҳд󳼻п֮˵ģʲô⣬ǿӱȥѯҲԵģֻǰ
ƴǶ˶٣֣صĿϹҪгɳ죬ûһֱ߲벻վҪѧԼԼ
ƴǿ԰һʱȴûа취һӣδ·ʼҪϹԼһȥ
ϹҪϣڱ˵ϣôһӶϵĳɳֻǸϰԼ߳һ֮󣬲Żĳɳ
ҲƴϣϹˡ
ϣϹܼǿҲʦͽһദ˿ʱ䣬ƴǧϹ
õĳĬϰϰᴵ޵ʣϹĿǳãȴͻȻᶨһ㣬ƴǵɫҲʦ
Ҵ˵Ļˣ
İɣһŬĳΪһûʵۣ˵ǰ㣡
ϹͻȻġ
ʰĵϹƴǻȻЦˣĵͷȻûҿ
ҲǿԵģ
ƴǻ֣Ϲǻǰ˵ȭͷصһһֳԽֵ塣
˷ǰȴۿǻΪۣҲгŵʱˣ
ƴǱĿЦ⣬ϹһսͬʱڽϹ£˱ɹɱ˳ĻʹưжػλԸѾɣҲʱðϹԸʱˡ
ʦ˼ǡ
Ϲ΢Щһʱ֮侹ȻûӦƴǵ˼
ƴȴЦЦôѵҪ˻𣿡
׼ӭȢʺ󣿡
ʺ󡭡
Ϲૣʺ֣ѾˣԺиǲԾĸֳµӰֳһһЦˣϾҪǻΪˣҲǸӭȢʺʱˣдƱػ飬ҪӭȢسŮ
Ǹˡ
Բ¡
ةȻڳоصģȴϹȴδĵ֮ݲԽԽˣϹҲ֪ûһĻʺܱĳġ
Ϲ˲ЩȻЩż
ʦô죿
ѵҪ𣿡
Ҳ룬Ⱳӳ֮ҲҪҵӣ󹬵ҲҪѡˣѡĹټŮ빬Ҳֻǵǵ껪ˣ
ƴȴǰ˰֣ʾϹĪҪǣҪ˵ġ
Ҫ¼޸㣬ΪʺҲ£ֻҪһݣסڿھͿˣƴü˼Ƭ̻ڡ
ϹϵȴǰֶδȥǰҲ̸֪ף
ϹҪΪةŮةǸ޵£ҲֻƭԼȴƭ˱˰ˣɻϹԽԼʧܣȻϲŮӶס

1010 Ӯ

1010 Ӯ
ɲƴȴǱЦЦΪѵϹ˵ҲҪ˵Ůô򵥡
ȻҪݣǱһԵᵽλ㿴Ŀ׵ΪϹĻʺ󣬿䣿Ϲɻ£ƴǵһĴȥһһ˵
ȻҪµݣǱҪһԵᵽλ
㿴
Ŀ׵ΪϹĻʺ󣬿䣿
ƴǵ⼸仰羪κϹĵģĿȻˣ
ô֮ǰû뵽أ
Ŀ𣡡Ϲм
ƴȴЦŵͷһǳԲûʲô׵ĵطһЩױģҲӦˣߣǳݳޣҲ֮İѺã˫Ӯ飬Щ󳼲ᷴԵģҲǣ
ֻѾ޸ƴˣôݣ»Ҫƺƴһǣ·ޱ֮е飬ߡһʲô鶼Ҫص泯룬ֻһЩױóѺڰǻĺܡ
ϹԣƴǸǶ˵ĳŵ
һ
˵ةӮҡ
£ĹͳĻʺ󻹶ةŮĹǺεȷ飬ҲҲةôˡ
ã
Ǿô˵ˣ
ƴǵ飬Ϲ΢Щǻڡ
´ӽպܹһ֮Ϲÿģڻλ·ߵûģԼţպӻùĶһЩ
ȶȹǻ֮˵һʱĽةµ˽ӻصʱµİʱ֮ٽĻʺʮױ޵ͻ
˰ɣ
ةԴȻʹ֮ǣ׼ϻ硣
һϹ󣬱Ĵ󳼣ܺϹ࿹˲ˣϹԼ֮⣬ةȷˣЩþϹᣬ岻ǰˣϹҲȷةΪѣ׼
ةҲûʲôҪƴǱţϼҲǻأֱӽȥϣĻܸ˵ģֻЩǷˣպҪһˣ
Һµĸ׻ϡ
֮ǰַһֱڲУֻǵһ
֪ôͻȻͺתҲʶˣʱͬ˵˵ҲǸи֮ˣܼ޸ϹΪĻʺҲһ컯ˡ
Ṉַ̀ûвأܾǸַ˵Ӱ죬¾Ͳһˣ
ãةҲͬȥû
ʦ
ϹؿڣĿֿĿƴǣлл㣡
ƴǵ͵͵Ц˳ҡҡͷҹˣȺúϢɣҪӣ㲵ݳڰٹٵǰ
Ϲü価ƣǸƴǻᳯƹλûüϢõϲصϢҹ·֮һ̷ֱڻϵߣϹ֮ҪҪǻ֮ϣʵǸúúõ˯һúõϢһˣ
Ϲ˵ͷ֮ǰһֱڵǣѹĿڴҲ㲻ƣĽ⿪ʯͷʧҲϮϹЩ۾ˡ
Ǿʦұ㲻ˣұȾˡ
ƴǴƬָѾ޵֮ڳȥᳵ·Ļص֮ǰϹһݵʱסŵ޵ˡ
ӣʯŵĹƽƴǺܿĻص޵ȴͻȻֹҹɢһ㣬ֻ޵֮һӰ֡
ƴǵüĽȴѡ˸ֻһĿռ䣬תȥ˸ڵ޵
ֻǰ
ǵӰǱˣ£
˵ǹɥ֮䣬Ϲ֮仹ûʽף׶ڻʹ֮УϡЩʱ˰ɣ⵽ֻļƴǲܸŲκʲôΨһıǸֻԼĿռˡ
޵ڣǿµ
㣬Բ֪ҲӦùʵû취ˣ֪ͬ˭˵ȻС֡
㣡
֮ѾֻĻС
ֻãȻĿǰ޳һ£æĽӻзҲǵǣ£ôˣ

1011 

1011 
ºϹ֮Ĺϵһֱ˵ģǹɥ±ٲҲñӵģҪ빬һʵѣֻŸոպƴǸϵĻʹʲôż飬»ȥһ㣬ģ
˵
ֻǵǵ˫վ㣬ˡ
ǰЩ»Ϊַ˵Ĳתˡ
ףǰΪͻȻز䣬ϲˣϲԼһ˶Ժ棬ºȻҲԸ׽ˣǡ
ǵǵ
ĸס
ΪַǸܵԼõҸԲŲźתģǲ롭δ˼գۼôֱֱĵ۾
ԭǰЩӲĲתֻǡعⷵգ
ܱʹļףĸޱȵĻںޣԼΪʲôȥַˣԼΪ鰮е˼Ϲϣٳʱȥַˡ
˻ŵʱ򣬲ܶôأʼջǻԻȣܴģ²ȥַˣҲ֪Լ׾ͻԼԺ棬ҲѹͻȻˡ
ֻģڿǿտԺӣǰַڵʱӣıͬһܡ
Ī˵Ůˣַֻ˹֮Ҳɵþһ
еǰΪַ˵˽̰ةȵϣձϹƳɵӣַ˲ʲô˶ѾˣҲΪԼĹ˴ˣҲֻ֮ĶԹˣֻٶַʲôĳӺͷߺˡ
ڶֻԣַ˸Ǹ޹ϵİһ㡣
ǰ޵ĵ£ֻѹ֮ȴҲΣЩΪһ֪˾ĨƽģǰֻȻûڽȴҲ˻ѡ
ַǷµծ
ֻÿǷַ˾ȡֲñˡ
µ׻ǽԼɽģڽֻǳ԰ο£ѹˡ
Ȼ˹ˣԺˣǣԣδⲻǺ£
ֻŵ̾һȴģĿֻ㣬⻰ʲô˼
²ס
˲ಡ齶꣬ʼնʹĥţϻ϶ܵ˼ĴˣǶأֻţܻĲҪɣҪһЩ
ңһӱֻȻŮȻСȴܿҸ֪аµԵҲӦ˵ġ
㹻ˣ𣿡
ˡһֽѣ
ãȻĿֻԺȴǲϵĻصֻ仰񡭡
ȷġ
ַôϲʹĥһĿùģʱѾúһˣͺܵĻһ㣬Ѹٿή
ܰɡ
ַ˶ԣˣһֽѣԺ㲻Ϻϵĥˡ
㡭
ֻȻЦЦ·ֶյۣʱ򣬻δǺ£Ҳδǻ¡
¶ҪӲͬĽǶ
ֻҪȻܹǵӣҸȥǴȪ֪ҲӦǸ˵ģ
³ɵĵ˵ͷ񡭡ȷ
ˣ
ֻݸĿ£ϾҪӵˣҲӦǸ߸˵Ĵϼ¡
Ͽʱ򣬲Żοź
ɡ
ɰҡ
ֻˣϺòЦֽ£ةļ۰Ů಻õةֺ֧ͳıǰةһڳΪٵʱݱϹ֮ر𣬲䣬ˡ
ةѾǹ٣һƽ֮ŮϹȴԽ
Ҫ޸Ϲڵ졣
±ϲϹЩ֪֮еġ
Ǽ޲ˡ
뵽⣬µбԽѹˡ
ûףԼϲ˶޷һպעҪԼһˣ̸ϵ׿Ÿˣ
£·ҺͻϱѾǶˣ
ƴҪ³Ϊ鲢ģںֻ֮ľֻȻ֪ԭٻؼͬة˵¾ȻǰˣǱǰͬ˵һ£Ҳġ

1012 Բ𣬺лл

1012 Բ𣬺лл
㣬Ļʲô˼
Өڳ̵ϣɻĿֻ
ֻЦ񣺡аϱҪΪĻˣǼ޸ĻȻҪһݵģǳеЩ̴󳼷治ý
ΪˣϾΪãΪ鿤Կ̳ޣҲû˻ᷴˣңеЩǻͲа³أ
ȻֻЦӯӯĿڣġ
ֻ˵·ƴǵĴ㣬ȴޱȣ
鿤
Կ̳ޣ
ٲ£Ҳտ̣ǹ͸ĿǴ󳼵ŮŻ٣һ㲻ϣҡͲǳİգƴǺֻ㣬ӦΪѰɣ
㣬ôԡ
ԥŵĿֻȷҪ޸ϹȴҲҪֻΪѣҪΪ˳ȫֻȥѹµҲǻⲻȥġ
ûϵģǲһҪҸɺͽڲѣ˵һڻ踺ݵʱȹͿˣϵЩǱ졭
кܶǣ浽ȨϵĹϵЩ²ֻҲûҪ˵
İɣѾҪģǺúõʰһ͵һ̬׼߸˵ӡֻԥİοţ㲻õˡ
ԭ㲻ңҲǴȥ͵ģ뽫Ƕȥ
ֻ˶٣̵ԼҪ˵Ļһ޵ʱǳݵģҪӳޣڵˣִǹڼңұŽȥչˣǡĻȥСסһЩʱգ㿴ô
˵ةҲֻֻһ˵ĸףֻҪة൥ȥЩ˽ة౻ߣǱ㲻ֻһߣϸȻҲһ뿪
ǰһϸµĻһӦҲ˵ġ
ƽĶ۶Щƽʧĸס
Ȼֻ˵˼ة࣬˹ȥСסɱϾةʹˣıߡ
Ϊʺ˵߱ߵģ⽻ͨĹŴͳ֮Ĳˣ˵һҲûмĻҲ
ةվǸǹֻһЩֶֻҽΪة룬ֻǱ˵˽Ҳν
ȻֻĻ֮µɫЩҰס
ֻеĺףة˼ҲףôԽϲѾˡǲý㽫ߣǵҲ갲ֵġ
ֻĺڵѪһ㣬ôֻҲõĽ

ҧŴ˵ͷǱ㰴ս˵İġ
ֻȻ
ϸֻ׵˫̥ãĽȻֻȥıȻȴԼá
ǹ飬һǴϹͷŽġ
ȻҲ뵽ˣͻСȷڵ꣬ǵʱұڳĳ֮Ѱһ˼ңȻһʵδ򣬵ȻˣҲԴĳ֮ѡʱٿȻ⣬ȻȻģ
ֻݸЦЦ
ǾԳ޿ûôˣǸϧ飬ȻַѾˣŮҲûаĹϵһ̿ʼֻУºȻֻǵǵĺӣͬĸ򵥣ֻҲϣܵõԼҸġ
ڵ˫һˮͬĵ˵ͷ˼ǵȫȻǷĵģȻܵýչˣȻĸڽȻõĳ
˺ˣҪˡ
Щɡ
ֻЦ½۽ǵ۲ɾְӵϷǽѵü棬ʱҲˣ޵֮аһϣһؼȥɡ
ֹס˿ĵͷá
ȥɡ
ֻЩˣ·ҹ·ûܺúõϢʱƴӦҲúϹ˵˻޵ˣҪƴȥһµġ
ȴδֱ뿪վֻǰĬá
ô£ʲô𣿡ֻɻĿ£΢ü
´ƱҧѪһѪĿٵֻƶһ㻺ȴᶨĿڣ㣬Բ𡣡

1013 

1013 
Слл㡣
㣬Բ
㣬лл㡣
̶̵仰ȵֻ΢΢Щ;㱣δֻӦͬ˵Щ±Ĩ۽ֹסۣ˳ȥ
ԲΪַ˴ǰֻЩµʱСʱѾ˼µַͣЩǶǴ
ַزȻͶֻ֮٣û뵽ֻȴǰӵĶԴǣһֱΪãԼ滹Ȼ棬ֻ˼ǵĶԼҪȫ
лл㣬ƽĶֻۣڣԲļ޸Ϲ˵ķΪĻʺδȻķҲἫ㡣
ⱾһŮζ룬Ҳĺǰ̡
ֻҽ֪߳
ַͻȻҲɹǰֻտʼӽʱַ˵ȷزȺҽ޲ߣǺϵĲ֢ѾתˣȻҲֻǺԼĽѽйϵԼѻֲֻ
״ǰԽЩ飬ֻײ£ѾǺܺˡ
ԲĶԲ
Сʱ򴦴ҪͽʱȣҪ㣬ҪȽõ۰ע⡣
лҲĸл
лֻĴȣĹµĻᣬҲȻĽǰ̣ʱҲȻǸ˵İɡ
ֻ´ҴȥķĪЦ˳µĻʲô˼ףֻȻҲףܴǰΪʲôй͸ңʼ׽ãһ仰˵֮󣬴ǰĹ֮価ɢˣ
磬һ¿ʼ
ֻջĿ⣬͵͵Ц˳
ƴǼȥ˸ڼϢ»صֻڵ޵֮ڣ½ˣ
ֻ˵ͷţˣڽӻȥûʱǺúõȻıһ»°ɣҲ°ˣ
á
˵㣡
ֻһ·ϸ·ۣͬģƴҲǶδúõĺ˯
ҹˣϢɣѾһȥةฮȥչĵˣ
ƴ˰ţֻ΢΢Ӳһ£漴ܿıָȻԵǰźõģܻٵԲȱϯƴһǧġ
ǧĴǱ¶Ķģ˭뵽ȥչةϸƴǾȻȥģ
ϸµһԵǲֻ֣ҲӦ˳
ֻعƴЦţƴЩԣֻٶ˵һʱͻȻһǿűһ
¡¡
¡¡
޵Ҫˡ
ƴǽԼҪ˵Ļ˻ȥֻĿֻҹˣǸϢˡ
ֻһЦƴǵ˼ζ

ʹ
һˮɫ⻨ȹǧ˿þµ÷𣬿ɰֲʧãϸ۰Ƥհ˿ǵļɵڵ˫΢ֲȵľǳЦʱ֣ϱһ
ԸһǴ֣ѵõĺúôǽǰһ
ϧʱһĹȥǰȴʼնδԼõεӰ߾ۼȴԽԽŨ
Ҫˡ
⣬˫ֱǰ࿴ͷʯС·Ȼ벢ûеȵˣĲһˡ
Ĵڳķ·Ҫһ㣬ƮƮĻţĽ˲ϣ˲ߣûڴ֮УŲĺ
Լ˹ǽһţͷ˫֮䡣
ȱ֪˽ȴʼ汧һ˿ϣڴ漣֣ܳڴĹŵĳܸлݷ㣬ϧͷԼһݷͱĸ鶼ûС
ֻǵѾʴޡ
һһ
Ĳֻ¶ȣСġ
ǵһζ˶飬ǶһΣյ˶飬ˣǾҲˡ
ʧı֮Уûע⵽ԶһӰʰҴӹгʱһֱݷϵͬˮʪ˯һ˫аȵһȴĿ塣
п˶ãݷעŲãֱ
罥ɢ˺ҹ
Ĺ
꽥ͣĿҲֹס
ɼžĹ뻺ĨյˮתȥıӰ

1014 

1014  
ڲתȥʱվһҹݷҲתȥ
ݷ㲻ǲ֪˼ϧЩ鼴֪ˣȴҲûа취ȥӦǸܺúĹɡ۲ǣ
룬Բˡ
ת֮ʣݷаȵһ⣬˵ĸоͬǰǸݷҲϵͺǴӵˣѪζ
һҹ
ֻѵʱƴѾϴãϹҲǾ˸˸ĳ޵ڣֻЩ˼ˣϹ˵ģҲûע⵽Լ
ҴҵϴãֻȻĵƴǵߣڣˡ
á
ƴǻһЦһǵϹ¿ڽеˣ
֮Ǳܹһˣһʱ𣡡
ĵģƴҲŴȤϹ
ƴôһ˵ϹЩ˼Դ֮ǰһֱæŰƴǺ̷ȻʵĴǰȻȥæȻТ磬һֱûܳ鿪ʱ¼棬úõ˵˵Ļ½ֻϹҲ˲ģֱ¼ˡ
һƴڡ
µĳ֪ƴǺϹ֮ԨԴ͹ϵƴȻĵƣҲ˵ʲôˣ
ġ
£ȻȥȻҷĽӭȢţ
Ϲ£ҲǽߵĵͷŵһϹôأᣬȻ𱸣ȻȴǺĨһ
ֻƼ
򵥵ĺϹ֮󣬱ֱӴƴǺǧ˱ةฮ
ҺļʱȻѾǹٵةҪصϼȥˣ
ǰϤةฮ̽ңֻ޸пŲæ̤ŵʱ֮ةݵӰȥ˳ɫ֯ɫȻɵԺʰɹԼ鼮

ֻɫϲľɹ鼮ة΢΢̧֮Ƽֻ֪һ˫ƵۿҲ˲ûЩģĿֻԼ۾桭
ˣ
ʱֻƴߵĴæֺΣգֱֻӺةԣǵةܲסԸةһͻҪ£º޸ƴǡű˵ݹֶԲة֮ģΪʱæûüͬة˵ûнةӵةۿԼס
ֻةֻпǷھΡ
ةǰ̶ʱֻҲ۽ʪģ
ºȻֻһܹŽһùޣοǶԼǵةࣿ
ԲŮТȻʱŻŮ˶ûͬ⣡
лŮޣý֮Ըĸ֮
ֻȴԼƴ˽ԳˣڹŴ˵˵˽ĴҲΪ
ֻεĵͷиʣȥֱة񣬿ة࿴ֻֻ۰ͳ磬ûаֵ𱸡
˵ʲô
Ը֮꿴Ҹˣ³¼Ȩ֪ҲΪ֮ģةĿȰֻԴ
СʱԴֻǰ㣬ةУֻǷˣԶǸҪϧĺӡ
׺ɣĳα仯ة棬Զ䣬ľֻܵõҸֻҪֻҸȥΣ
Ϊˣة໹Ǻܿġ
ֻ֪Ȳ˱˵ݣеȷֻΪΪֻؼжԼ飬ŮǱϾ˻ϣҪܵ׵۹׵̵ġ
ֻԼݵȷǲ̫ʺϳĻʺ֮λνֲٰˣǲǳĹɶة˵һҲҪҲûҪŮ˲ܵ⡣
ֻҪƴǿ϶ֻãة಻ֻĵףֻ׮¡
˵ֻ׮¡
ةֻƴ棬ݵһ˫ҲǴ
Ѱ˼ҵ˴Ůǰ㣬ةƴǴҲġͷţ
ƴǽһ°ɫƵĽۣϷīͬһǷڵ˫䣬ֻ㲻ʧᡭ
ڳ̫ƴǣةȱŵġ

1015 һԻõ

1015 һԻõ
Ǹ˵еƴ̫ӣľԸةҲǺ壬䣬ƴ̫ѵʱةƴ̫ϧ
ֻǴû˵еȻгһյĳԼǰһΪԼŮ
ةƴǵʱƴȴŵȻǰةķ򹧾Ĺ˹֣״ˡ
״ˡ
ƴǻϣˡ
Ǿٳ֮УҲǾǰں
ƴǻϣֻ֮ɷ򣬲ةŮǰƺةһɣѾةˣǲ롭ƴǾȻֱǰƺةΪ״ˣ
˵ʲô
˵ֻǰеĲǳĻƴǣֻɷƴǰˣ
ƴǵ棬ҲǴĵֻϲϧ
ƴŵ̬ʾãһӽةҪΪѵĻ˴ߣҲ޷ڣȥ
е̬ةȴҪڳֻ˫ָо˫ҵ
Ͽˡ
֣̿
ةķӦƴϵЦԽˣûа㱻Ϊѵģ̬ԽĹ״˵ġ
ʱʱæΪûίСӦ״˵ǰģл״˻õŮ޸ң״˵Ķ±ƴҲѻպƴǶȻϧͬԼһ㣬ԡ
˵ƴǾȻ͵͵Ц˳ųɽ˫Ц⣺ǱԼأ
ҶҲǶȻûܵ˺ģ
ةĿ΢ٿ̵ԼŮ̬ȵʱǶҲûа취Ϊѣƴ˵棬һԵֻȴ򴽵ЦţةΪƴǵģֻ̲ס²
ǲеĸڿŮʱ򣬶һԼҵĺðײ˱˵̬
ˣҰɣΪһıƴǣƴһþȥԻõģа˲ģ˾ܴƴǾûаԹԣ
ƴĿֿةʵͱƴǵ̬ȸȾˡ
ةΪٶ꣬˵۹⻹еģƴϿңԲǼװģĴֻҸƴǺֻ˵ʱǰĬѾ˵һУģ˵ʲôأ
ةһʱ֮Щп
ǧةƴǵ򴽵ЦŵĿƴǳԱģǴӽպƴǼɵµˣ㲻ֻˣڣҪ˸ˣ
ѵã
ֻǰǵסةĸ첲ǳЦƳƴǣ˺˵ƴҲͦ׵ģͱˣ
аɣǾ͸һӣ
ة˳̨¶£ƴҲǼŸлةࣺлΣ
ƶˣһˣվ˵ȥɣ˻ⷬҪãǳɣ
ƴŮѾˣʣµıةֻŮɵʱˣƴǴǧةʶȤûǰţǾĸֻة
ֻ޷ة㲻ɵȻЩ
Ϊ˰ɣܻỳɣܻˣЩʱϸ̷ߵģةֻԼôŮκҲ޷ġ
ةͬģֻѾ˳ĻʺǱҪʺеΡ
һ޾Ҳһ޺
ֻǧò˶þҪȥˡ
ǸŮò׵žҲûõʱˣֻҪһֻôһ߸Ů˱Ҫ涼ѣةľ;Īѹ
ֻǵЦȴδģڵ˫Ŀ΢Ŀةࣺ˷Ůǿ֮⣬ҲҪ͵˵أ
ҺƴǶѾˣλسʱ򣬱㽫һӻسɡ
ԺŮչ㣬Σ
ֻĿֿڴة᲻Ͼ˴뱲ӵĹң⳯ҲľӪ˴뱲ӵĳá
ǰЩ꣬ǸһϲϹֻĹة٣ֻһζȡҪةΪʲôʲôԽֻҲһ˼ƴǵϣӽ֮󲻵ûة߾ТĴҽŵԶ޸ƴǣ˳Ļʺ

1016 ּĶ

1016  ּĶ
ةˣҲǸ帣ʱˣֻǳŮֵةô۰Ӧóеչةεģ
ةֻܾȰ˵Ҳ֪аµ飬аϾҪǻΪˣִǹˣµ˵ȥΪˣǱԳݳޣ޸аĻʺ֮ѺðҲżĺôģ
£ةĿŴȺ֮ǰһֱǼĬµϣةǴżεġ
һ¶ȻҪǻȥģʱڳ޲ųɣΪµĸףһҲҪ³޵ġ
ߣѾǹˣǻҲǻأȥҲȥģ޷ҪҸĵĵطȵĶȹԼһ˻ص£ŻسŮһúչ˵Ļ᣿ô
ةĿԥֻһš
˵˼һñѸı䡣
νҶةĸʱةȥƴ˵ǵةʹ֮ȴةΪѡֻĵةܾ
µĻȻѾˣȻϸ»ûжҲĿص֮󣬱ֻɽҰũ԰ɣ
ͬһףܲܿŮΪһʺ󣬶ŮֻȻةȷƫĵģȴƫˡ
ߡ
ةϸȻҲεġ
Ȼ㲻˵ˣ֮ǰةжֻͲעȻ£ҲûҪӣ뱾ǶǲƽһԹһ飬ǣһһԼŮ
ϸꡭ
ϸ⺢ӴСͲԼߣȻһˣΪ֮ǰԵЩർԸųֺǵСҪûֻһԹգעҪ۸ġ
кֻĸŮ֮顭
˼Ƭ֮ةվǲģһ̾˿˵ͷãȻ㶼ˣôͰջ˵ȥɣ
ҵҲǹˣȷûʲôҪˣΨһǿǶܵõҸ
ǸˣҲŸˣģȻһžҪˣֻǴҶһ𣬲ļң
ֻڵ˫ĿĿ˸⣬̺ĴǸһĨҸЦݣлл֪
ʲôð
㣬ˣ
ֻة˾֮ȻҲϸӺԺǰã˱أղЦةôˣȻϲЦտû뵽ȴʧѾõֻ
Ȼϲǰǵֱֻۣ㣬ǻˣ
֮ǰһͶ˵ôôģԭǽˣ
ѹأ
ƫģֻ۽㣬ȴǣ
ȻƤĿة࣬СӶʱһֱֻչ˵ģֻȻҪ׽࣬Ľã
㣬Ҳǲ֪æʲô
ߣǺˣ
ϸĳ֣нõҲ֮ıˣϸֻ˫ãȻȻĳΪ˶㣬ʵةȻûü̳УλͤͤŮҲǲˡ
˵ةฮּҵĶ𻨣ҲʧΪһ׮̸
ˣʲôʱˣ
Ҫǲ㣬ݵԸͰץˣֻݸһЦ
ȻĿֻ⻹࣡
һҴԲة࿴ԼļŮһ𣬱Ҳ̲סһֱ΢ţûȥ
һ˺úõĳһٷȻȥˣ
Ȼ֮ǾҪȥȸԾѣǰ棬Ҳֻ˵˵ЦЦΨϸһųС·еܰŵһ㣬һɢˡ
ǰһةฮ¿ϸģۣиǶʱһǿҵıҪϸڻУȻȥеķꡭ
µרעһԵǧȴǲ˶ߡ
˽һ£ѹϸĵţǿǻʺӣһЩеͷ㲻ҪУ޷Բô죿
ϸֻ˫ãֻǳĻʺҪǶϸ궯ͷ˼ҪƴǳΪ
Ǻã
֮䵽ǸһģҪĺϸһˣԺ󻹲Ҫƴһ˱֡

1017 ϳ

1017 ϳ
ǧֱ˵Ĵ£µһ£Ŀҵıܿǧ񣺡
˵ʲôأ
ûе飬ôܻеͷأ
ʱºϸ껹û̫ĽӴҲûǰôǧʱֻʶıܻϡ
ǧȴһûǸ뷨ãҲǷδȻ
֪ˣ
³˵һ֮ةฮĴţֻةฮĻֺʱԼҲĪĶ˼ѹ֣


ҧһѧ֮󣬿ֺͳֵҲ֮ǰǰƣֻƳˣλ֣еĹرѾŻʺķԸˣ¶λԻȥ˰ɣ
ѧʵҲһЩôģ֮ǰ빬ʲôضֻ˵ʲôʶľȻȻֻţѧ˹أ˸еĶԴжϣֺͳӣҲǵǸ˴Բģˣ
ֺͳһ·ɳģȻ֪ڵѾǵǸˣοѧصʱĺܱ֣ʺҲԽˣǰȻǲҵġ
ǣ˵ǡ
ʱūѧϰˣʲôչ˵Ĳܵĵط£ǧҪ˼ƽϣ
ֺͳڨڨЦš
ʱֻķԸ˿ûΪѾѧ꣬ʱнڱǿɲٺֺˣ
ǹһĨЦ⣬ŵϱȴģλ˵ĵĻʱǵչˣмأ
촽˵˸м⼸֣ȴֺͳ־ñͷƤ顣
ûʲôλ°ɡ
ˡˣ
ٿϵū˹Ȼɺޣȴǹؼؼˡֻ
µ֮šü
¶
޵ڶû˵ӰϵıԽѿҲӱ
ɫմŭȥ޵ԼѰңɲ̤ȥĽŲδ߳޵㱻һӰı˻
ŲΣɫǶʱ԰ףһһֻҵźţǰһһƽˡݷ㣡
ԣ
׼ȷ˵Ӧǡָ˼ݷ㡭
Ҳǣۣ
ֻǾ֣¸ǳʶģ㡭˭
ҪԱʲô
ʳ
¶أ
ǲǱɱˣ
ֿԺܴ󣬱Ͼ¶ûôĵӸ·ϣһѾˣǰˣ֪ΪʲôǷûмģǲ֪ΪʲôȴһĪϤУͺ񡭡
˱Ǻ׽һ㡣
ڵͣǰݷɫȴǵȻ
ǡԼ˴̿ˣ
ݷĿ𺣬ǹ𼸷ϷŰЦݣʲô˵Цһ㡣
ʱòһƽӹϵҲǳ֮е飬οϲϵݷϣһ㶼ҪҪǡ
ݷϵǱˡ
ô
Ųʱ䲻㲻ϵ𣿡
ݷ㱡Ǵмô仰һһȴǿӲıƽ׵ĺƺҪסһ㣺ҵζô
ӣƭϼ׷ɱΪҪΪĻʺ󣿡
ϧαˣֻǳɲ˻ʺ󣬾ҲĺǱ
ݷһУ͸©ΣյϢ˵ĻҲᣬʹƬ֮䣬ɫҰףһ˫Ȫһˮ˵ҲͫŴ󣬺ܾúܾöûܴݷЩлعֻǵģԼڽӴݷеʶķӦ
ݷÿ˵һ仰ɫҪ԰һ֡

ŵĿݷ㣬ǲŵĿڣ㡭㡭
ǡ
ۣ˻ߡ
ݷ㴽ǵЦԽˣ׳Ū֮ã㻹ϵң
ôûú𣿡
ϵá
ôܲϵá
۵мʱ򶼻˲侪һ亹оѡοǰ۾ĳԼǰ


˫ֱͷʶʧʹޡ
ҺݷʱѾ˷޵ˣ㹻Ŀռʱɡˣֱ˴ŵζǲã

ŵĿݷ㣬ǲŵĿڣ㡭㡭
ǡ
ۣ˻ߡ
ݷ㴽ǵЦԽˣ׳Ū֮ã㻹ϵң
ôûú𣿡
ϵá
ôܲϵá
۵мʱ򶼻˲侪һ亹оѡοǰ۾ĳԼǰ


˫ֱͷʶʧʹޡ
ҺݷʱѾ˷޵ˣ㹻Ŀռʱɡˣֱ˴ŵζǲã

1018 

1018  
ݷ㲻ϲ
۲ϲ
ݷʱòȻƽ˫аȵһе̫ұˡ
ʵЩʱݷԺб½½ĳһЩûйļƬΣֻԼԼ飬˴ǰһЩݷɲЩǺ˼
ֱһΡ
ݷΪ˱ֻͷˣݷ㳹˴ǰ飬ǵԼݣʲôةฮӣŵۡǸģۣ
ǰ
Լεˡ
ꡭ
һ˰ʱ䣬ΪЩĹΣԵǲͬģҲϲ׽Ը⽫ͳȴû뵽ˣҲεˣ
ָ֮ݷװԼ˲һֱڳƵƫȴǰнʧ⼸һ
ԭйӡ
ǸȴûܳûüһⷱǶôͷױ㱻Ķɱ
ǳΪƴǵĽڡ
á֮ĺӣǸĺӡһֶΡ
⻹Ǹ
պݶ飡
뵽⣬ݷ׵ĿԽ䣬޲ɣ
ɫ԰ףΪŲ־ͬһֲһ㣬һüͷ¶µ飬οǡĳԼǰ
˵¡
ǲ˺ܶȥѰ۵ʬ壬ϧ޼գŵģ۵֮ûǱλ˸ˣֻ۲Լʲôطˣ׼ƺת֮»صǱ
ҹܰ첻ҳŵʱǾֽű巢յ£ʲôʱǸ·ӵ۱ԼǰҪɱ
Ȼţȴ
һ꣬꣬ꡭ
Ŀ־ǱƽʱĥƽҲж·ͬΪÿ۵ʬ֮ҰǺҰˡ
ˡ
ٻˣ
ĥԼˣ
˵꣬ſ۵Ӱ֮߳ų׵Ľ˼ƴǵϣһ˼ҪΪƴǵĻʺ󣬲ŵҪ󣬶Ҫõƴǵϲ
ĵ׳־ʱ
ǸͬجһۻˣеĳԼǰ

ʵԸȥʵ
ⲻģһжġ
ۣŹҰɣŹҰɣ
Ƭ֮䣬Ѿ棬ĿⰧĿۣҵ⣬ҪƭģǼǼģ
Ӳġ
Ҳܺߣ
˻ߵŭţǲԾȥͬһ㣬һƽ󡭡Լɡ
û˻ΪҪƭһˣĻǵĿԼӣףⶼ
ٺҲǸˡ
ģСĿۣȴҪԼȥƭۣ뻨ôʱ䶼˷ںһ̸顣
û취
ҲǱƵġ
һˮˣƴĻˮϣиһѣ
ϼҼӽ۵ʱǲġ
۷ˣȴԼĵʱ
ۻȥԼʱ
ʱʱͻȻԼĴǰȻŵİٺϻķϵʱ
۶Цʱ򡭡
һ˰꣬ʱ䡣
ҲڴܽԼຣϼҼĿƣʱľʹľͺһֽĪһ·ʱҪǴ˽ĻҲԥ
ڽӴ۵ʱйʺͺ£ڽӴˣ˷ǲľ˭Ķٵĸ飬ʱۺڰһ⣬Ҳͬľ֮꣬ĸ͹ϵһΡ

վѵʱ
۵̫ᣬϼҼĶ֣书츳ϼҵеӣ书Ѿ˺ܸĴӳ̶ȣ;ɲϼҼĶ֡
۵ʧǱȻġ
ǸбˣôĿޣľ׵ĸһ𱻻٣ڹؼʱŻѡ񵹸꣬㡭
˻ߵĳۿ޺ۿĽ䣬ȴһĨ

1019 һ

1019 һ
Ǻǡ
˱ݷϣĿ⣬ްУֻǱЦ˳տ޵иЦͷƤ顣
۴ǰĹ֪ģ֮ʲô³ĥ˵ֶεġ

ܾôɱ
ԼҪ飬ûֻ𣬻ûܵõƴǵģģ
ۣŹҰɡ
йһӵķϣĽҵĶķϣҪúõĺһӵģǱεģҲ롭Ҳġ
Ӳˣݷǰѿధ
ʵҪȥݷֵģǴݷĿ⣬ı˶תݷڣּǼ
ҲǱƵġ
ۣҪңȥҼòã
Ĵ
Źң
滨꣬޵Ŀ
ݷ㴽һĨЦݣ΢УΣյϢĿ겻ƺȴǰӻѻƪˡ
ĵĻԼ𣿡
ټ٣ټ档
Ŀвʵ˵ҲǷ޳һһףǵൽΣֻˣǰһ˼ǱѵĲҵ³ѾܹһνѵˣݷԵΣ
ݷĻĺǧʱܽ˶סɵô˸ҲȻֹɴ˫ŵĿݷ㣺ۡ㡭
Ҳ˵κλ
һζᣡ
˵ǷǷǣȻԼ֪ʲôǶԣʲôǴݷȴԼĺģ㵱ܽӽԼŲѵĿ԰ɣƴŬƴǿݷۼġ
ٿĪ硣
ֻһ㹻ˣһǱѣҲǱѡ
۲ܻԭԲᡣ
ǰŵ滨ݷЦˣǹЦаȣǽڷָ޳㻺ĵգĲ۽ǵۡ
ݷȻЦŵģȴǲֵǮᡣ
ֻҾܶġ
ۡҡ
ɫԽҰףĸĪһ¡
ǺܶŮϵͨɣϲ˵ʱǿȥܾЩԼϲȴ׷ԼˣһЩܾûмĳ룬תĮʱЩŮ˵һʧС
ڶԲԼˣһֲеռиС
ݷջ֣һóӲ˲ָյĵطеŵİ㣬ֻ׼ġ
㣿
ʲô
ٶˡ
ݷٿ˼һʱЩˤ˸
ҪˣҪġ
Ϊ㻹ҵǰޣݷķĿǲм
Ȼ۵Ļֱ̫ףɫܲã۾ȻԼģŵĵףķǣȻ˵˲ҪԼģǱĲǡ
ҪɱԼֱ練ƣ۸мƭԼ
ܻžͺá
ϰݵıδ䣬֮ǰӳǡʲô˼
Сô꣬ȥˣ
òΪΡ
ȫǱ˸ӵģӡеȫһȻҲռʱûϳݷʵˣ
ΪʲôĴҲ۵䣬˼ͺһ롭˭Ҳ벻ô伣
ʵݷأȫҪֻ
˽ֻǲϣݷָ±Ǹֶκ۵ģֻһֱݷĻϣĴ֮ҪαװԼƴԼ֮⣬ҪǴݷ޶ŵҪݷ䣬Ҳ޴Ѱģ
ֻ࣬Ѿָ˼䣬Уֻλúʼնı䲻ˡ
պ۵λãеģֻȫȫֻˣ
ݷһ̵ۣĻش⣺û˾ˡ
ô
ʧ
ݷΪò䣬ǺĹйϵɣ
ʧȥʱϸĹҲʧȥˣеģƾʶչֳ书򡭡ݷʵȻֻ֮ǰô򵥣ˣ

1020 

1020 
ģòƶĹϽΧ֮ڣ
ݷ˵飬ϵЦ΢ЩΣݷȴú˷ʱ䣬˵һ仰˷Լĸ顣
㣬Ҫһ顣
ֻҵˡ
ǸҶһë²飡
ŶˣǸˣֻƴǵĻʺ𣿡
ݷ㵶һı˵ÿһ仰ޱȵı䣬𺳣ֻλƴǵ飬ݷûаϵ
ݷ֪࣡
һݷĻ֮ɴ˫˼Ŀݷ㣬ķӦո˵ÿһ仰þûܻع
ֻˣ
ǸҶһë²飿
ɫҰ׵ֽͬһ㣬ʧٵôЩ꣬Ȼǡʶֻ˵ֻʲôһĸͽӴ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôȫɵˣȻϵ
ݷֻвԼ
ҿݷвԼʱзд˽źںģǴǰ۵жĸ顣
۾Ȼ̶ֳֻȣȴǰںԼ
ʶʱͷ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôϣˣֻŽⲻĹϵ;
Ϊʲô˵˼ĿⶼֻֻϣȴԼ
ƴǵԼƴǵͷȴ˵ֻ벻ߣʢɽӱлʺ֮λҲֻǸλ꣬ҲݷеǸֻ
ۡ
֮Űĸ飬ǵԼۣʧҲĹ򣬾ʧٵһʼͺֻ˸͹ϵҲǲꡣ
ôô׵ıֻȡԼ
ȫռλá
һ˻ʲôãὫԼȫȥ
ǡͷһôң
ֻʲôûʲôû˵£ôˣ
ۣģ
ĵҧŴ֮˫Ѿˮ
ʲôϵ
䣬ݷش˵ʲôϵֻѾƴǵĻʺ󣬺ûκεĹϵˣ
ʵʣݷ㲻˵Ҳܴݷвʲôϵ˵ܲݷֻʲô飡
İһˣǻüۼ¶ġ
ݷ㻹ۣڶԱ˵ʱݷϵǹѪϢɱڸǲסģֻʱ򡭡
ֻǵ֣㹻ݷ׵𺾡ʡ
ֱ仯е˫ֽգָǶģѪҲȻ֪żĹ򣬾Ȼ˴ĸı䣬ţԸȥš
̫˽ˣΪ̫˽ۣŻϼҼ֮ѡۣԼתϲ˱Ůˣ񡭡Ǹ˱Ӧǡ
ݷȴ룬Ůе鰮ڵ֮ǰ³Ϊݷһ֮ҲûκιϵӽԺһŮǿԼ˼ġ
Ǹһ
ûϵ
ݷĿ⵭ĮĿѾ˵ˣǴЩֶΣҶ㲻
˽ң֪ʲô鶼ó
սҵļޣ
䣬ݷ㲻Ըȥ̬ת뿪
ݷֱӽеĻˣԼҲ¶ݷȴûʲôԵǵģ֪ԼݣҲǲȥй¶ġ
ŶԣԼǸɵĴڡ
ݷľ桭
ݷ֮ǰһֱţ˽ŵĲֶΣȻҪǷ飬Ҳֻ޷ƵģϼҼҲѡһֻǻ޻װŮĻʹȫҰĵΡ
ȴĶֻĹ֮⣬һĺ壡
ݷĻڶԾ˸ҧأعݷӰѾߵúԶҲʱص޵ֵôˣ
ôվ﷢
ֺͳأǶλأ𣿡
ûбɱ
ݷ㲻ģ
ֻһЩֶε˶¶ˣ˲֪ۻŵϢ
Ļ˼ٵԼ̬֣źۼĲԼ۽ǵۣҺȽǶϸĵ¶һᷢĶߵģʱͲýˡ

1021 ǻ

1021 ǻ
ţλȱˣһڻأȥˣ
װµģʶ
ǰϾΣԲū澱Ҫȥŷʽģʱθڲãǲ֪ô£ʱȻ·ˡ
СֹţĻʹѾһʱˣٴҲԲߴ·İǲ֪ôߴˣҲö֡
Ȼȴûʲô쳣û¡
´μǵþͺˡ
ллﲻ
ɫϲĿǹŰɣ
ã
˵ͷ
ﾡ˪֦ͷҶơ
ϹһצۣǷϱأǰǵ񳹵ĺ̨ףһɶˡ
бֻƴǡ
Ϲں̨ϣüĽƳ̨ˣƴһ°ѣվȺгϹȥǾ̫Զܿڣȴд˹ġ
ϹתŲȴᶨһĳź̨׵Ϸȥ
̨µֻƴ໥һЦ˴˴ӱ˴˵пο
ǷޡҲǼ֤Ϲĳɳ
ǸųܵĻӣսаǾ֮Ϲһ·ףڡǰжѣǶˣˡҲǳ׺Ǹһˡ
ƴǺֻѾæей˼ɺǣңʣµģֻţѰҹƳĽҩ͡ҵֻĸʵˣ
˵ĸŮž۵Ļᡣ
ֻһָоǾĸ׺ܴܣ䡣
ϾĸŮģԴֻ֪ĸ׵֮жĸ׵ĸоԽԽǿҡ
ֻҲǺڴǣңޥĵŮˣǺģ
ȥɡ
ԺǱ̣Ÿ״˺ǣ
ƴǱĿĿֻֻҲЦӯӯĵͷԺ󣬾Ҫչ
ƴǺֻȻ˳Ⱥ뿪ʱ̨ϵϹѾȺע֮»λλɫȻĽسݣĿУҲûԥͼɵ
ȥĶƺƵ
ֻƴǰ׵УةةǽּĹǧ±һе˱һ˵ص
ҡҡλΣֻϵոƵʻζֻȴǲЦݵģӳüչ
˳ٹĻֻ֮û˼ҪҪƴ̹ףôƴ̹סϧֻÿһιʱ򶼻ᱻĪĴ˻ȥ
һٶ˥ߡ
ֻ֮б㳹׵ʧȥ˺ƴʵʵ˵ֽ鶼ѹԼĵ׵ĸоȷ̫ãԾģֻڿеʱȻ顣
ƴʳڣֻķӦЩĳɣǺܿģعЦӯӯĿƴǣûʲôֻЩ̾ҲǶԲˣһʱ졣
ɲ졣
İʱնѾʱˣɼʱȴûƴǳ׻ָ
ƴǣ֪ʦ˭𣿡
湬ʱֻҪһƴˣϧʱڳֻ㽫Լеѹȥʱá
ֻʦƴǵҲɵó˼֣صֻ˵ʵʦǺݣԼ֪
ʲʲô
Լ֪ʦǺݣ
ƴ˻شֻ㵵˫Ҳ
Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
ǰ㾫˾ȻԼʦǺݶ֪δЩ̫ˣ
ǣôʦʶأ
ֻּڡ
֪ʦʵݣиĹ̰ɣҪȻ˵ˣ
ʦḶ́ƴϵصǻ˼֣֪ͬ
Ϊ˫ӵԭ򣬽һֱڹ⣬ʱڵĽ㲢书ǺżȻһŮˣǸŮ˵ʱ˺ۣû뵽֮󽥽ָƣҲָ书
ǸŮ˲ԸǷ飬㿪ʼڽ书ǶݣΪλˣȴֲֻ𣬽ȻȴҲûǿȨԱһֱ֪ˡ
ƴĿüĽ˵ǽ˽书һְæ㴴湬ǸΰŮˡ
ǽԭ

1022 Īʦ

1022  Īʦ
һԸ߰μˣһǼˣ书Ǻȷ档
ֻƴǱּ˵ʦʲôģȴûġ
㻹ʦ֮ߣҲҹദ֮в鵽ЩĶߣû뵽ʦڰ湬ֱ֮伣ܽѰң϶鲻ټͺ˼һ㡣
ǡ
ƴ΢Ƭ̣֣صĿڣͺǴֹŶԣ
ߵʱȴǸˣҲ֪ʲô˼
˵䣬ƴǵĿֻĲ棬͸ֻļҲǵʦļ
ֻ£õƴǵǰ
ƴĿ˳оܾãϧʼҲ㵱Ǹװη湬ˣ㣬Ҳ֪ôģȻƽյıô㣡
˵Ҳ֣Ȼҹβ͸徿Ǻ˼ֻȻǲôСΪѵģҲǣֱӽԼĶֻ
뵱ƴǿ״أҪúõĿһɶܾأ
һ٣
ƴЩζˡ
ֻȴǱƴǵģЦˣһЦ˳㣬hiںԴײɣ
ƴīһڵ˫Ŀ΢ϱȴǳŵģҿûС
ûоûаɣ
ֻĿͬǲε棺񣬾кκأ
ܾ״ر𣬲˭Ե޹ʾƵģӦʲôĺģϧǺκһʱ֮ȴ벻
ǰ
ô궼û뵽ƴҲɵøŸп뵱ʦ书ߣҵʦֻߵõʦİæŵûôˡ
ϧԴǰֽ֮һֱӰҪѰңҲ޴ֵġ
ֻǲУɫ۹ϸĶţעӵʱˣԽ״죬岻ѪɫģǿˣȻһѪĴ
ֻٿˣһŽ˻ȥá
ôˣ
ƴüɻֻóֻǽѹֵġ
ʲô
ֻΪʲôָо
֮䣬ֻɫҰףƴǵĹֻҡҡͷû£ǿһʱ̫ۻˣϢһͺˣ
˵۾עһ֮󣬱ʶ˶ֶɵ̬
һ֣ľ˻ֵдɣܻ־ǲôдģ
ǱȷŰɣõôҲûҲһʱʦ岢û˼ǵĸ룬أ
ƴȰοš
ֻҲͬĵ˵ͷҪ¹һģ룬ֻǽĿڣ㱦ֵĶǲҪ¶ǰģһĸŪ˵ĻֻҲѴˣ
Ͼƥﻳ
Ʋ¶Сͽ̵ĵ
ȻǲĿڴֻ֮Ҳź˺֮ܶ࣬ǰǰѹˣŻϾҪ»صĻʹˡ
ô
ڴ
ƴǱü΢ЩȵĿֻ
Ϊֻ᲻ϰ߹йؾŵϲɣôֻģ˷ܣ
ЩȲأ
ôľϲ˻ʹ
ƴǵĻɣֻȴٵ˫΢΢𣬵ǳЦĿƴǣȻˣΪʲôڴ
ֻ˵Ȼ
ʹ֮еȻģǻʹ滹и
Űһֵ˸ڴأ
֪Ϊʲôÿֻǲ԰׵ɫһпԵģĪľãҲĵĹеһȤˣ
ǰֻΪƴ֮ᵼֻγߣ˿ӵĻᣬֻɶּװȴһӻˮŮˡ
ҽרΰ
ֻȥʰոպá
ƴɻʱֻЦ⣬ݸڴλϹȻ󡭡úõĺ̽һ£ô̷λ֮𣡡
˵ʱֻƴ˸ۡ
ƴϵɻʧתЩΣ
ƴЩԩǺͲģǸĪĲԼҲЩΣ

1023 

1023 
˺ˣֲ˵ôֻңҪЩȥ
ƴϱ鸴ӣֻ̲סЦæĽͣң֪𣿡
պʰˣɲֻһأ
Ŷ
˭
ֻûаģƴҲֵֻʵ˭ʰ
ĺáӡ

ֻƴǵƤգգ۾ǰԳƸ˽⣬ڹ棬ԻԱȴпԣӽԺڹеӲѹˣ
ֻֻҪպ׽ŪĳøˣԸõİ취Ǻֱӱ⣬Ϊǻи˵Ǻ͸װί˵ͬ飬Ըֵģֻ֮֮ƵԼܲ˽ʵĿųɣ
⡣
¶ԼªĿ֮࣬ҪֻͳƸƲϵȷһ֮·
ֻƸ裬ƴҲЦ⡣
˫ӣĺӶѾ˵ЦˣĺȴûӰǽĺӣƴҲǽƸ缺ģߵʱ򣬽㽫Ƹ轻иԼչˣʵͲһͬǲ˳ӡ
ǼʱӦѾǰһ˻ʹ֮аɣ

̻ԻֺͣɵǰƸһīɫĽۣ۵Сģƴ߰˷Ƶĳ̶ȣźһĴ۾Ĵš
ʵ㣬Ǿ˾סŵĵط
ôƯ
ƸСһƴǺͻʹֲþ˾˵ҪӸһأ˾۸
ƸһСģǿɰ
׻ǸСӣ֮ǰƸ벿ֵ뾳϶ȹģҪô湬ҪôǸųĽ׺ҩΪ飬ȤȻżҲһȥмȥ棬ǵطܺͳľǺΰĻʹȣƸ·汦´½һ㣬õ񶼺档
źС첲Сȶûһ̰֡
ʵͲ򴽸ڳƸ󣺡ССǲ˸γƺľ˾
ڹ㲻ôˣǵߵʱν𣡡
ʵţ˵ĳƸȻĻع̰ĿŲʵŶ
ˣ
ǲģǱŰ˾˵æģ
Ƹ˵ţӦо˾˸ʣĸΪĸģ
ԸֱֱϲļƵŮ˵ģϾ濴ֱֻҪ̫˳ˣڳƸߵʱ򣬱˳Ƹɲֻô򵥵ģΣ
һҪĸ򵹻Ůˣ
ƸװֵСĵ
ʵͲ౻ƸɰģЦˣ̲סˣһҪסŶ
ǧɲܽдˣȻ¶ˣ
˫ĵĹ涨Ǻ˲ǳ
Ҫ¶ŮмҲܻأȴϣҪǳƸ©ƴΪ˾ˣôȻʺȻʺݣҲǳױ¶ˣƴǸոյǻȵĽ׶Σٺıʣƽ׵Ľƴյķ飬ҪȥӦԳЩ̵İա
Ƹ֣صĵͷ
Ҽǵסģ
ҪǼǲסɾҪ״˸ץȥ湬ˣ
ȻƸҲϲ״˺͵׶ΣƸ軹ǱȽϲ⴦Ļʹ
ȷССļסˣʵͲԷģųƸһ·ڻʹ֮й䡣
ƴߵʱƸ趪¹ƣʹ֮룬ߣڿƸźƴ߰˷ƵǹͻȻðСĴ𾪺ɻȴҲģ
Ͼ
ܳĺƴôˣ㲻ƴģҲȻݲƣƴż׽Ĺϵ
ڹ浱ЩܱãǿɫһǴﵽ۷壬ŵûΪѳƸ裬һһҲ㶼ΪѳƸˣһƸڹиͨˣҲʡˡ
ʵͲ಻ɵ໥һۣǴӶԷпΣֵһҪ顣
ؼʱֵĿԳԷģ

ǿ
ʵ࣬ǿǺˮеǴ澹ȻˮƸܵķɿ죬һһ˱ƹƵӹŮһ·԰Ƹָ԰Ĺ۾еʯŴ͡
棿
ССǲǴ棬
أ

1024 С1

1024 С1
ʵ˳ųƸķָǺˮʯλãĵĽ͵ǲʲô棬
ǳĶأ
ֻлϲ֪𣿡

Ƹֵźǵ̵ʯСٿҪšһˣȻǶ³ֵİǵһμأ
һǱһϵĴڣһ㶼ߵһֻ֮һǾһӣ֮⣬˭ǵͼڻװΣ˭
ƸСûҲǳ֮еġ
˲ʵĽͣƸƵĴ۾ɿų̵ĽëȻ˼ģǺܿģ㱻ɢˣƸСָǺеʯ񣺡Ǻú氡
뿴
ȥ
Ƹ軹ͷһμԼͻˮĴ棬
Ҫȥʲô
ǱСۣʵŸһȥòã
ʵƯ
ǧƥ
Ů˶ϲĻǳƸ趮⼸򵽵мֵУÿβ״˶ֻҪƸԹԵ˵һЩ״˵Ļ״˱һˣ
֮󣬻ĳƸѧ취
ȻڳƸĿ佱˲ʵ֮󣬲ʵϵЦݱԽĺˣĿҲ˼ֳ磺ССû취
ðɣԵһ£ȥС۳Źòã
ã
ƸɢŹɵĵͷ
һԵĲȴǲˣЩζĿųƸ裺ССҲ̫ƫˣֻ佱ʵһˣأ
Ƹ΢΢Щ񣬵Ǻܿı㷴ӦЦеĿһڴĲ࣬Сķ·ĨһҲƯֻƯ
ԣ
ͬ˫гһ϶
ƸЩȲˣǾþδĲʵżҪǰȥæʵ
ðɣȥҲʵ
౻Ƹ鼫ãȻǳƸ˵ʲôӦȥ˵ġ
Ү
ͷƸ˵ֵ֣ͬҰ˻ĳŲʵɱ˭֪ڳƸҪ˲ʵԵʱȴͻȻճһӰƸһʱûע⣬ֱײȥ
ϡ
һŮӼĲҽ𣬶ƸҲ֮ǰӰײֱһƨˤڵϡ
ĸû۾İ·ȻҲ֪ŵ㣬Ȼײˣ
¶һԼɫŭ𣬶Ƿ˾ʧ
ǡ
ԩ·խ
ʵͲƸˤæķɱ˳ƸǰϵµĴţССû°ɣ
ûˣûˤģ
Ż£
Ƹ軹δüش¶ŭĿǰŵĿŲʵˣʲôССǴĸƧĵ񣬾Ȼôʹ
֪ȹж𣿡
ҪǼ˵ĹҲⲻ𣡡
Ȼû¶𱸣ϵıҲдģֻһԼȹڡ
˭Ϊ˴󵨵ĲɫĴʹ
ŵü𶫶¶ҪȵĶˣҲǸ˼ַͻȻڻʹ֮Уǹȴûд졣
Ȼ⼸˵书߳ڲκ˵µ˺󹬡
֪ǵǺξģӦСķĲŸã
ǿ֪˽˭ΪΰȴúúõĽ㣬˽Դ˵Ĺײ˻ŵǸ
ƸʵͲæΧԣڵסŷ۵ĺƴǼƵһʱ俴˳ƸòǾͲʳƸˡ
ҲáΪƸòŸü˿ª
˵ʲôƽʱװģߵѾ߾֪ʲôˣǱСײһ£ˣǲƸ輸˵ݣȴҲʣʮĻһ
ۡ
Ž۵ĶҪ˵ĲʵͲ࣬ƸСüͷæİοˣӺˤһûµģ
С״˾ͽԼҪǿ˵˾Ϳޱӣû˻ϲһģҲɱ棬ܶ۶ˣοΡƨɣ
еŭʢ
ԼĪıһӸײ㲻̫ˣΪɵӺߵŮǲ书ǿûֱǲҰ帾ȻԼĴڣʻش𣬷

1025 С2

1025 С2
Ƿ
º͵Ҳŭ⣺Ѿǻˣȴ˿ǾͲҪֱˡ
¶ȥѽ𽫾
еİȫһɽ𽫾Ҫʣ𽫾ôֵģôµģ
ͬʱҲĸ֮
֪ʵͲ书жߣʱȴǲԼֵʱ򱻴
¶ֺĵŲʵͲһۣҪȥţɲ롭ĶҪһ¶δ̤벽֮ʱѾֱ߬ס¶ֺ֣ܶ

˻
ۣ֣ۡ

¶ʹȣ뽫ӲѣκǰСͿԼûж٣ȴǴľˣȫмܲסֻƬ̵ĹѾ۵ͷϸ󴦵λøֺס
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ſң
ʵ۾Ŀⶢʹ¶ΪһԣѾƸ豧ڻ̧
仹δڣǹƾųƸòѾʤǧ
𾪵ĿųƸ裬þûܻ
㷽˵ʲô
ƸĿ
״˵ȷ˵Ѳޣ״Ҳ˵ˣ˸׷ŹҪûԽŵģ
˵ʲô˭ȴúõĽ
״˺͵һȥˣ
ǡ
ƸżȥСۣܵÿˣûע⵽ǰͻȻˣһվĽģڲʵͲҲû
ߵĹŮǶųƸһͷĳ𣬱ĵﶼűⱾõǸĻ˻ȥ
ֻ˻ȥ
׼ôͳĽף
㡭
˭
ûƸŭʣֻ𾪵ĶųƸŷ۵Сĸͬκһ𾪣Ҳߣǡʲôˣ
ȻǿʣǱǲʣҲŲ²ģƵһ˭
ǲ²⣡
ǿ϶
ɼˣ滹ǲĵĳһƸ˵һԼĻش𣬸ԼǸµͷ
˭
Ƹֱ׳ոûײȷҵĲԣҲײڵˣ
㻹Ǵأ
һǸСӣҶûۣȴҪңҪҵĵн𣡡
ƸСϻֻۣܶǿһһѧᣬѵƸĻܿı㱻ƸѧãϣȻĹע㣬ʼնڳƸ棬ڳƸ˵ĻҲˡ
¶ڿƸʱҲ·һ˹ӣֱϵҲԺˡ
⡭
㵽˭
ɫ΢԰׵ǰЩĵ˭
˵
ޡ
ôˣ
ڳƸ軹δشʱһͳϵӼ˵˳ԴķȥֻƴһīɫƵĽۣüӥĿԴһɾµƣһԵֻǳɫ⻨ĳȹбһ÷òǣʱȺһɾ£ĸʤһ˲ȥš
ޣ
ƴǺֻǰķԺȴǲϵڻصƴǷ˵Ǿ仰ޡޡ
ǰ⺢ӵĵǡֻ
ʲôʱеĺӣ
ˣ
ѹƴ˵ʲôҲϽʺ֮λԼ˵ʲôӭȢֻֻΪȶ٣ԭȱѾ˸飬ƭ֡һжֻǸƭְˣ
ɫԽĲҰףʡϡ
ƴȴƶûһۣǾԵߵ˳ƸǰӲĻнӹƸ豧ԼĻⲻתΪȰᣬſɰĳƸ裬ڵô
ûˣ
ֻҲſ첽ǰһŵ´
һޱȺгҸһ˵ͺǸЦһ㣬Եöࡣ
ʣոհѸײˣʹŶ
ƸĿƴǣĵطƸĿȴǽ
ߣ
һŮ˾Ͳʲôˣƽڹпûٸĸˣþĸɣ
ƸɵĿƴǺֻǺܶɫĺŸʺĸ
ĸ󣬸۰
Ƹһ˫С͵ֻǰˤ²ʵͲ۲˵۵ģСʯӶȷǽԼĸˡ

1026 С3

1026  С3
ֻĿ⻮һĨۣǰųƸС֣ԣĸ͸Ͳˣ
ƴͳŭ⣺Ϲ
ҵĹڵϣ·һҡҷСʱҪȥϣģ
ǰٿĪˣ
ǳƸԼ̫ܵײԼϣģһִ֮£Ĺˣ泦ӶˣһʱĿ֮ʲôã˭뵽㹬˸ӾȻƴǺֻģ
ȵʱɰ㶼û˵ƴǺֻкӵģ
ϣĲģֻ԰ɢֻġ
ҪƲϵ
һԵĳƸȴǲı죺ողŲô˵ġ
ҵ˭˵ǲң˵ȹӺܹ󣬾ҵĲʵĹȥˣҲġ˵գƸ軹źһĴ۾Ŀ֣صĿֻƴǣʣĸ˵ͲʵĹһȹ𣿡

ƴؿڣüҺŭ
ųƸǰа˵ÿһ仰ֱԼҪı飬Ҫ޳ˡ
֪Ƹݰ
Ҫ֪ƸݣٲҲԲô˵ġ

Ƹƴǵĺӣ˵Ƹﲻ˵ƴǲ̺ӣ
ٸһҲֱƴǵĳ̶ȣ
ϣᣬ檲˼檡
԰׵ɫΪﲻڶǵͨ죺檷ֻһʱ檲ĵİ
ʲŲ֪ӵݣֱײ˲Żż֮˵Щ檶ȻûϺͻʺġ
СӣԲΪϵŻǰ̵ġ
ϣϾͻȻּˣҲǵĻʹ֮ڵİΣŻģ
ֻƸ贵˴ͳԼеƸ˿ڣǰŭĿֱϹѧôùѧģ
ڹЩ飬ƴǻǲó֮
ؼʱ̻Ҫֻġ
ڿ˵Ϊ֪ݲŻ㼲ɫ㿴ò𣿡
ǹģ
ֻ۾纮ѩ㻹Ҫװɵ˵ϲøòնװһȵģǹϿ𣿡
ֻһӣСİײˣۣܶ
к˵𣿡
ȹжֵǮȻĻʶ㻹
檡
ֻµ޻˵ȷ˵˳Ƹûнû˵ƸĹһȹӵģ¶˵ģ
οǱ¶ˡ
ԭײûôŭģΪ¶ĽѵƸǼȴˣŭģΪ۵ͻȻֶƸײʹˡ
ߡ
ҲûƼƸò벻ҲָųƸıŽƴǺֻҲȥˣ
Ҫõƴǵĳ谮أ
檡
ˡ
ˡ
еĽͶȥֻܻΪ飬¶Ҳɵ۵Ĺڵϣƴƴǿͷߵס
ƴǳ˳δֱӱųƸ賯ųƵȥֻƳŵϹŵϹĹƺѧĲôǱúõĹŷ˼ɣ
ѾʯשӲֻֻ˵Ҫţȴû˵ãǳҪ˫ȹ
ǡ
ֱֲӱƴƼ˵ģǱҲ޴ɱ硣
еģ
ǵĿʺӵԴ̥֮һֱôŻģ
Ҳĵģʺ￪ɣ
ֻȴһŪŶĿߣˣͬһͯȥʱ򣬿ûƼ̬֮
ҪôҪô
Լѡһ
ſ˵ЩĻȴһɫҰ׵סˡ
ˡ
׵ĴǱҧѪƳֻҲ˼Թޣ檱ķκȴ޷ͣлʺΪ󣬻ʺ˵ʲôʲô檱ûҲҪţκԹԣ
ֻһĨĻȣϹдʵģñĿ࿴յǻϹɣͨı£Ҳǲܽڰ׵ߵ
򣬱õĽ´ٷǱ㲻ֻǷôˣ
ʵ࣬ߣ

1027 д

1027 д
ֻƳһۣŲʵͲͷҲص뿪
ʵͲ೯һ첽ֻ󣬶
ȻֻķԸש̨Ϲŵģǲ԰ֽϿûаĸԸڵ˫Ŀһ𺡣
ҧűҧúѪĴǣе˫ֲɵýգ·ָǶҲ֪
ǻãϲûйı飬¶ȴһĲԸ
ʯӲֻֻ˵һţȴû˵ãѲֻû׼ǾҪһֱ򵽵
ϥǻҪҪˣ
ʵҪţѲ˶Ҫһ
¶תתСĿ̽ŵĿڣǵҪһֱ𣿡
Ҫʲôʱ򣿡
ܳܵס
¶Ҫɿֻģ벻ûܴﵽеģİۣ¶ĵĪ

۱ӣǱѧܺ죬Ǻ󹬣ţ
ţ¶һϼҼߵ߹ôкıأ
¶ͷ˵ôƸĻԲֻץԼİѱ˵Ѿ߹ŮĹ̷޲ܹĹŮǺˣֻϼҼǲԼԼ£һǸʶ̧٣˵ǻģ
װ󷽣ҲģҲͷŭڡ
¶÷ŭա
δü¶˵¶ɵãȻҪƣǹʹˣ
ֱ׵Ķ˻ȥ¶ϵı΢ЩΣȴٺˣū֪
ٲãҲŵĴС㣬ǳĹڼҪֵƴǵϲȻ¶ܲƴǵϲһ£ǵס
Ϻģ֪֮ģ
һ˱ֱֱĹʯϣҺùвǳ׶סˣ
Ƹ豧صƵֻóԼҽҩ䣬ĵƸһ˿ڣŰæһЩҩġ
ŴΪƼܶ˼붼ϿƼ
ЩС˿ڿźᣬȴܵ˷һҪעǡ
ˣ
ܵ˲ǺأֻǼ򵥵Ĵһ¾ͺ
ֻϸĵƸ˿ڣǰĿųƸ´οɲôððʧʧģ֪𣿡
Ȼ鲢ֳƸ裬ȴԼģ˵ƴ۲˵Ҳý

֪ĸͱˣ
ƸЦĿֻһֺõģֻǾĸŸıֺòã
㿴ûǸɫűأ
ߣ
۸ôɰƯľĸһĸģ
Ƹ߬ŸͿĨҩȭͷĵĿֻСģֻͷһůֻݸЦЦƸԴԣ
ĸ֪ˣ
ǣ
Ƹתת뵽ʲôһĿŷ糾͵ƴǺֻߵʱ״˵ˣ˾˺;ĸҪȥµ۵ǻܸϻعģ˵ģӦһֱڸ·δüϢأ
˾ˣĸȥúõϢһ°ɣû£Լģ
Ƹʮ˾ˣʹôƯҪúõĿ𣿡
ƴ΢üƬ֮˵ͷҲã˸㡣
ϤϤ
ϾƸδܾöҪסʹ֮еģϤһ»Ҳûʲôõĵط߿ֻģƴǵҲɵԼĽޡ
ƸЦеĵͷһڴӦã
ǱƸȴǳŲʵͲգգ۾
۸ԼɲǾĸž׵˵ģƸԴʱ𣬻ûб۸أ
Ҫǲ۸Ƹ־͵дţ
ǻұȥˣҲϢɡ
ƴ뿪ôãȻһֱةæƴ±ع׵Ը϶ҪٹĿһġ
ãȥɣ
Ȱźסŵ޵Ϣ
ֻƴݸһЦƸո빬ǷһͬססҪ׼ģϱǶ죬ˡ
ƴǴ뿪
ֻȴǿȱȴӭӵ˵ڸ˲ӵĳߴ磬˽յñǰã⣬ƵƫʰôӾס

1028 ڵС

1028  ڵС
оֻгƸһˣڰ䲼̫ӵʥּδ£˳ӦǳƺΪӲǣ⡭δŵĶĿøסһ޵ֻܹǲĵģ̫Сˡ
ŸٴһЩҲѾˣøȥס
йʺԸӵȨġ
óƸΪϡֻûа㲻ˣΪִ˵˼ɣҲδػܺãֻǿҫˣʵλҪܸλȨĹ¶ƵģƽҪõĶ࣬ӿԹ޾ߡƴڵܲкӻǸδ֪
ֻûҵʵĻƴ̹ף˳Ƹ赹ܷɢһЩƴǵעҪӵ뷨ûôС
ǣʺūȱ㶼Ѿ֪ͨˣ
˹Ӳ
ƴǺֻ뾳뿪֮Ѿ˴˿Żع׼Ƹһ˵ġ
ƸҲΪлбĴ޲ܿЩˣܸϽ
һǰڸЩ뿪ƴǺֶֻߣƸǣƵķһ㣬ֱֱĳ԰ȥ
ӣӡСЩ
㣡
ʵͲףҲųƸڹеĳƺΪӡ
ɳƸȴǲô࣬Сܵķɿ죬ûһ³ǰ

СĻһ
ڿǰ˵ʱϵı֮ãܿģ㻻һͰ׵Цӡ
ֻǵƴǵĳ谮⻹ݷĿеϢǶӶˣҪ׺ֻλǲˣʵвǰѡͷ
ƸСӣ´ǿеȴûеǰʦɻ󣺡ɣ
һЩϲ⡣
ųƸаӣֻûںӵǰ˵ʲô
԰ʱֻżȻģ
棬Ͼ˭뵽ƸôСӣԼģֻǱ̲Żȥġ

Ƹ軹ԸԼӽ
ڳƸϷ·𿴵ϣ
κε鶼˫ԵģƸֻ̳ĵƣǲɢƴǺֻһݣֻҪãóƸԼĻôƴǵĳ谮ĿԱһˣ
԰׵ϲ¶Ц⣬ųƸҲǾԼȰᡣ
ǰұ
иǰɣ
˰
֣ҪȥƸ裬ȻȴھҪƸʱ򣬳Ƹ˫תתҲ֪ٶȣȻֱܵԶû
ȴΪһʱֱˤ˸ЩֱԵڵϡ

Ǳ
ƸȴǿģЦʲô˴񰡣
Ȼĸ˵ˣڹǳ͸֮ˣҲ
ƸĽֻڹƴǵʱģֻǻʺ󣬳ƸȻȻĳ˵ӵݣǹȴҲֻˣӦļƸ
ȴΪƸֻǸӣҪ͵ֱƸŲͨСôúŪûռ˲˵ڳƸϽӶĳԿƫƫƸ軹ƤЦģ˵
ϱãȴҲηѳƸĽڡ
ƸЦǺǵģôˣ
ôɫ̫ã岻𣿡
Ȼɫˣ
˭ƽ׵ľ鶼ῴɫõģ
ƫƫƸȴһ޺ӣĿҪѪˣ
лӹģȷЩģͷˣȥйɣ
Ƹ裬ѾˣȻСȴǸʮ㸹ڵϣ˭ҪƾܺƵĳɹģ˵˷ʱ䣬ֱ
Ƹɲô׵ķŹ
ʵ㿴ɫǲĲã
ƸСٿҪһˣΪѡ
ʵڿƸգ۾ʱѾʲô˼̰ųƸĻ˵ǰӣʱ䣬ôʯϻ˭岻ģ
ôеģ
Ƹ˰֣ôźÿ
ҪȻȥĸɣ
Ҫٳͷˣ

1029 ˲

1029 ˲
ò˵ƸĻٶһ̶ˮ˲ٶϣ
ɲ룬ʵͲΪѵĿųƸ裺ǴӣðɣϾĸողµҪھȥֱһʺǻʺҪ˵ģպڹҲûа취ͷˣ
ҲŶ
Ƹʯһ˫Ŀأǲȥˣ
ǡȥˣ
ǻδüЦôٴֹסӲڴǣԽԽѿ
ô˵ģÿζϣ赭дĸĨɱˣ
ʵͲ򴽣ЦƸԴ𣡡
Źԣ
ƸŲʵͲƤЦЦһĿڵϹŵЩϳɵģ⻹Ǻĵѧģÿ״ʹСӵʱ򣬵һ顣
úõĹŰɣǧ͵Ŷĸ֪˵ĻҪܷģƸЦĿ˵Ļǰοôġ
ˣ
ȻֻɫҪˣǳƸȴǴŲʵͲȻȥ
ֻجεĸտʼԺ󡭡⹬еӻأ
˲óŴֻиƤĳƸ裬δܳһʱǶˣ
ĸӵ̫ˣ
ųƸѾȥıӰһΣҪԼ죬¶Ҳǻȥˣ
ʵ̲סˣ
ֻʺҲ۸ǸͻȻðĻ
ôҲǹȻʺ󣬿ҲƴӭȢ빬ģ˰ٹٵĳݣŵĴС㣬ô˵أ
Ŀɲֻһ˵
ŵҲҪŶˣ
ŵС㣬ܳΪʺҲͰˣΪ빬޻һζûأȱѧأѧ˹رֱŸո빬þô࣬ҪԺӾǻˣ
Ҫ۸ˣ
һΣû¶ֻǽ߬Լ˫ȭָǶĵʹʹԼѡ
һᱨģ
һ
Ů԰ʯϣȻûˣĹŮ̫Ҳÿһ˾ʱܻʶľǿԼǴųЦͼģ
ÿָоʱ޲Ҫɱֻ
Ŀߺ޵Ĺʯ̨ϣֱĺɫſƵˣ
һɹ˳ϣڣʱˣʺѾԻعЪϢˣ
ֻǹյĳͷǶСʹ룬պĮӻϺͻʺܲסԼĹˣǼҪֻʺˣ
ʱɱ㲻ô򵥵ˣ
ֻĻ뿪ڵϵˣǼǱĴӵ
˻
שӲ˼ʱ֮ڸովһ˲䣬Щֱ¹˻ȥ˵ɫѿ¶ͶһЩϾƽձ澹Ůǿ׳ȴһˣ
ʵʵıϼҼǿнеĺӴ䣬Դ֮ӱһֱ֮󣬱Ͳ԰׵ɫֽһ㣡
¶ͶѸٵĻָ˹ǿ֧ŵߣҪ
ūɣ
΢Щ۵Ŀ¶֮ҲֻøŶһߣɲȴҧŴǣԸԼ˫ȲһǰŲŲӣҲԸ¶ͶĲ
԰ֽĴǱҧѪһ˫ȴĿᶨǲʡ
¶Ͷ໥һۣǴӶԷƳôζ
ֱֲӶ˵ʲô
Ȼ̷߾˵˶֪ǹľǿһ˾Ҫ飬һҪɣ
ȥӽ۱ˣ
ʱ۱Ϊɡ
òͺʹСµҲмλС㣬ǵʱҪӽ۵ʱ򣬷׷׶ùģ˭ҲǰԸµȥۣ˶ڵſЦ롭
ûǵ⣬ĳɹץס۵ģ۸ԸΪ𣬿ϧ
ϧһЩʣûһ𣬿ɼ
׳ٱѾСˡ
һһȴּᶨĳԼķȥǲԶľ룬ȴĺ˴뱲ӣֱ̤뷼޵ŵʱ򣬲žϥϵĽӲõĶˣʹȴɡ

1030 

1030 
ҹĻĺϣǵ㡣
ֻϴԡϣֻһɾѣʱ磬ƴǻһʱܴóûϴϢǰʱԼƬ
ݷһ֮УƴǼҴҵĸϻصʹ˳Ƹ֮ɫ㲻ˡ
ֻûȥݷ㣬Ҫȥݷһ·ܰĵģߡŲݷչţֻҲġ
СԸһֱ޵֮ϢĻȻǻĵģԡǻκεһ˶ĵģԻһЩƬݷʱ䣡
ֻȥã²ĳڷԸȥѰһЩīֽ
Ҫ£
ǣ
ŷӦһܿģŲȥڷҶӣһǽŲٶȿֻҪĶ޵ҪĶˣ
ѾôˣǴҪʲôҪ𣿡
ȻѾӦ˽ʵͲƴǴʹ֮УҪҪƸİΣʱҲֻǱֻİΣŮ
ֻճ
ɻֻĴһĨص΢ЦöȻˣ
ˣٰҪһЩϹ
ȥһյɣڿЩ߲㣡
ֻüĿڣȴѾЯŵذ׿ʼĴСüһĹģ
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˵ͷֻȼһյĴֻԣĿֻæµ
λεζֻžٵ϶һɫĹΣԽǾɫ
ֻأרעֽϻͼˣһʱ֮侹ĳˣһλòɫԸƣûʲôӵĺûʺѹֻϻ˳ˣ
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ʱһһĹȥܿģֻ㻨ͼһ΢΢Щֻɻü
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񣿡
ֻеĻعЩ˼ĿֻԲ𣬻ʺūˣ
ֻǡʺǻʲôﰡ
ɻĿֻеĻڿֻֽüĳߴСʱҪһֻҪʲôˣֻǺֻòסˣϾĿȥֻڻʲôˡ
ֻеĻعĿҲֻеĻˡ
ǡʲôﰡ
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ֻ͵ЦԼõĻŵǰлϸĹۿ㿴ʲô
һƣū澿еӣôǻɫأ
Ϊʲôôһģһģ
Ǻ棬ĿƬ֮бɻ󣬶ֻЩǲԡ
ԭֻģǻ˺ܶӣ²֮ȴֶֻһһǳֵӣ
Ҳڹ˺ܶͷˣҲӼʶ˲ٵĴʦֱʣҪôֺ룬ҪôҪô£Ҫôͷһμֻֻġ
ǡƤɰɣ
ҲֻƤɰˣ
ѧʶޣ벻ݴֻĻˡ
Ҫһǣֻ֪ʲôΪʲôô࣬ϲˣ
ŮӶϲɰĶɣҲ⣡
ֻ촽΢΢ţЦĽЩеĻһһ۵֮󣬾ͿٵķԭһžֹĻһÿɰĶڷһ㣬۾̬µĲͺֽϵĶɱ˸ǰһ㡣
ۣʺʲô
Ϊʲô
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һͻ
̵ܽĵͷȴɢġ
ȥɡֻ˵ţ㽫۵Ķø˷֮Ƴ˶ߣһģһĻɫСӣʵȻÿͼ϶ϸ΢ġ
ôһ򵥵ĶȴܹûϵСﶯֱ̫ˣ
⻭ϵС·Ҫӻ߳һ㣡
ллʺ
Ǹ˵һš
ֻֻЦЦҡҡͷּֽŻˣҲòõʱ䣬ˣ͵ˣ

1031 ػʺ

1031 ػʺ
ҵָֻ֮滭ٶȸ죬ûһֻڻľưƵϣֻĳ񣬾Ȼƴʲôʱ˳Լ߶Ȼ֪
ȷӦʶĽеĻصŵĿƴǣкϣ
֪ΪʲôʺﻭŻǺ飬һƴǹǷ˴ĺһ㣬ת˸ţƴϵѹ̫ǿ󣬱ǲ˵ʲôֻҪһͻвԾһ־η
ƴǰ˰֡
һϵǽֻ˼˻
󴽽ǴЦƴǣֻĴһĨůЦݣˣ
ţ
ʲôأ
ֻԼƵƴǵǰֽԼõĻƴʾһ飺ҾùеЩģԱ㻭ЩС򷢴ʱҲǺõģ
ȥʱ͹ȥ
ƴǵȻЦЦֻĻзһ£ȻҲǺķӦǰһ
ֻͺǸŮһ㣬ڳ䲻֮иƴǾϲ·ֻҪϻ˼Զܿһ
ٻɫůֻϣĿֻϵëɫƸˣ޵֮˲ʱֻʣƴǺֻˡ
ƴЩζĽֻæµ˫˹߬Լģֻ뿪Բ˺޺ߡ
ôˣ
ֻƴǰϵı飬Щǣǳгʲôֵ飿
Ȼ˵󹬲ܸƴǵĸȴһνĲܸǵЩŮĿխֺôϲǻãֻȴһִǹŴŮĿǰܶ鶼Լļ⣬ƴʲô⣬ֻͬ˵һ˵ֻһİ취
ɲƴȴǽüšڵ˫Ŀĵֱֻݷ
ײ׵ܵܡ
ҲСˣ㲻Ӧö׽ģ
Ȼܶʱ򶼲ԴǣһҲԼĸоǶеУÿ˶еġ
ƴܸоĳݷϲֻġ
ݷ㿴ֻ񣬻жֻƴӣֻǵĵܵܶԽķӣݷ㿴ֻĿздϲ
׽ܻãȴ֪ݷֻةӰˡ
֮䵽Ӧñӵġ
Ȼˣֻ϶ģݷҲֻǵĽ֮飬һƴǺԼŮˣʲô뷨Ϊɷǿеĸܵģ
ݷ㲻һˣ
ݷҲСˣӦ˵ȢˣݷȴûУûϲĹҲȥѰңմֻԣȻڱֻİȫǡ
ƴǸµݷ㣡
ݷڴֻ⣡
ҲռɣÿֻݷʱƴǵжЩĲˣЩĳζ
ͺڣһ·϶ڸ·糾͵Ļְ˳Ƹ飬ôˣֻȻδޣǵݷ᲻ģ᣿
ֻƴǵĻ֮Ҳɵø˼֡
һֱֻΪɵ۵ƫԱҪŬȥůݷ㣬ȥҪȴ󲻵ļҵĸоݷһָΪۣԶǵЩůʱ⣬Ҳġ
ǹذ׽Ľվֻ̫֣УֻǳڶԵܵܵĹģƴǺݷУȴǹذǡ׽
Ϊֻʶľٶݷе˼Ļôֻˣ
ǰĽѵƴôһѣͻȻֻඥ
ƴǣ˵ĺܶԣ
ȷҵˣ˼ǵĲܣСʧȥ˼䣬ǴǰһУұҪΪ˵ݾܵȥʧȥЩɾȻʱҴңҲСˣǸõȢ׵ʱˣ
ʱǰԸıϺܶ顣
ֻ΢üϱأôһ˵Ǹ˸ѶԭҲǴһСµģ
Ŷ
ݷ£
źʵѡˣ
ֻݷﱸ£ƴеĴζɢ࣬üͷҲ֮ɿǿԵĻҿݷͻ飬Ȼί
ҵǴģ
ֻЦҡҡͷ㷢û֣СŲһĸ飿

1032 ֻɢڰ

1032 ֻɢڰ
ƴһ٣˳˼С
ʵڸҲǺУȴԼֻ֮ģ˵ĸƴǲģֻ㿪֮ƴǱĻһ¡
񡭡
һʱǰʼҪةฮܣϲݷ㶷죬ǡΪϲ
ƴǻشֻ㾶Կ˵ԭǴһµĹСģǹݱضô߹ֻҪԸԸȥůһԼĹһ֪ˣұġ
ɲ룬СȴǺͲ˸飬ҲãԸͺʺ֮ǰеϱѡܳɾһθ飬ҲȴһԸˣ
ֻģƴǣʵ֪ܲռСʱˣѪۣҲ֪ǰʲôݣ־ʲô飬Ȼ֮ǰܲô˳ҲôĽѵ£ҵ񵽡
ʧ֮СҲǳĬԣܶʱһԲҷյ״̬ĳһطָо˿űۣͺ񡭡ͺǻںڰ֮УҺһѣ
ֻĿˮֿĿƴǣةݷʱ򣬺ݷ㱻׷ɱҵԶݷôةฮ飬ƴǿ֪ܲ
ߣֻȻ֪ݷʵݣȴֱӺƴ˵ֻǰһԹŵ̬ƴ˵ԼĿͷ
СǸ۵ĺӣ
ϣǸһĹǸС̫ůС㣬Сɢڰ
ֻ˵ƴǵĿⲻɵó˼֣һ㣬ǻδ뵽
ҲãȻѾѡǱ㰴˵ɣû
ƴǶֻҲǼεģĵֻݷˣֻ˵ݷ֮ƴǱʱˣݷֻеУҪռݺܴһ֡
ֶԹãȻ֪ĺ£ֻݷҪˮ֮ʱǰͻȻƮĵݣһ㡣
ݷܺͲΪһԣҲһ׮£ֻǡ
ֻǻ⹬Ĺ˵Ҫұһģֻǲݣҿ
ƴ΢üǡŵˣ
ҵһһˡ
ֻڣƴǱ͵뱾Ǹù˻Ż㱨һЩҵ֮⣬ʣµıûʲô˺вҵˣ
ϾǴųģŻ㱨Ҳ޿ɺǣο뻹ûʲôƴǿܶǱģǶԲ뱾ȷʵûʲôĿġ
ŵˡ
ֻšüǰǵòûþͻˣڴ벻Ҫȥ
ţֻЩˣԼӦֱ֮ȥݷģ˳ٺС˵һ¾ͺˣӦŵգɫֻҪȥݷҲˡ
ƴǣ
ҹˣ˯
˯
Ͻ˯֮ȥСˣ
Խ罫鶨ԽСкô֪ΪʲôֻЩܾúҪʲôܿƵĴ£
ƴ򴽣ֻĿᣬƺҪֻһ㣬ʱֻԼո˵˯ʱǰļ١ͺǰʾһ㡭
ţǸ˯ˣ
ֻζ̫ϧڸ·ʱ˺ǲ㣬ƴֲǸɫµˣ˺Щʱղ׽ˣţƴᵽֻոϴ˿е㣬ֻǲԾĵĺ˵գƴǵɲһջ
˯ˣ
Ҳˣ
ֻߵĽͷ֮УƴǴǹһĨаȵЦȥ
ڶһ硣
ƴϳֻҲ˲ݲϴһȥݷˡ
̤޵ݷһ£޵бȻеĳͷЩˮ߳ģ˺һˡ
С㣡
ֻ̤޵
޵ݷǿˣаȵһĿⲻɵ˼֣㣬ˣ
ǰձˣֻ̫ˣû㣡
ӿɺЩˣ
ֻеǰ飬ֲĵݷһ㿴㣬ǼǲסҵĶͷǴ磬Ҳҵ˶ģ
ֻе𱸣ݷ㲢δֻЦӯӯĿֻǹɵ˵ĶС㲻ʱһֱ޵кúõֻʱˣֲڣֻʣһˣʵǾȤų޵ȻȻ޵Ĵȴǲҳȥģ

1033 ϣһָ

1033  ϣһָ
⻹࣡
Ҹʲôöˣ
ֻȷݷָ˺ܺãεĿЦЦֽԼҹõĻ͵ݷǰ
ݷЩɵĽ˹
㣬ǡ

ֻǳЦٵĿЦ⣺ٵķ
ݷҲǱⱾССĲչֳĻˣϵͼȻ˵֣㷭ȴֹ֣Ļ澹Ȼ
ôģ
ݷ΢Щȡ
ֻЦӯӯĿڣӾϵĴɵģܶϸ΢ͼȻٵķܳˡ
ݷȻϴϲǽ͸ҵ𣿡
Ȼ
ģſеʱ໭һЩͼƳɲӣϲҲԽ̸㣬ԼֻҲû˵ȴֵŷС㡣
ţ
ݷ޳ָǽڷᷭŲӣƳֻЦôˣ㣿
أ
ôûأ
ߵʱֻҪæúõչһݷ㣬ҲӦˣǿʱˣݷȴûм룬Щ֣
ֻʱæʰֱ֮ݷ޵ģΪݷֱӿ룬ûȥ
ݷ޳ָһ٣Ҳֻһ˲䣬ܿģֿʼ
밡
˰
ʲô
ˣ
ֻ΢΢Щ㵣ôܻأ
Ҫߵֻ֪ģǼҪߣҲӦõƴǺԼ֮úõĸ߰ʲôŻ᲻Ƕ
û˵ʲô𣿡
ֻĵ׷ʣصĿĶݷϣ´κα飬ϧݷϱƵᣬκεĶߺ⣬ЩãȻķֻ
˵ҪؼˣѾͬͻϽˣ㲻֪𣿡
ֻҪ˵ĻͻȻ˴߾Ȼ㶼˵ˡ
ãֻŲⷭݷ㣬̽ŵĿڣ֪ߣû뵽ô죬ûȵһ
ǲڹʱǷʲô𣿡ֻüݷ㣺ǲ۸ˣ
ôܣ
ݷЩίĿֻ㣬ǸԸ۸Ѿܸлˣô۸
񡭡Ҳе
ɡ
ɷݷʲô飬ݷ㱾òˣǾԲô׵뿪ˣ
ϲһô÷֣
С㡭Ҫˣûȥ𣿡ֻҧŴɲģû˵ʲôʱ
زˣ
벻ȫǿݷķӦģ
ʵֻݷ㲻ıֵʱбѾ˲ߵԭ򣬿ǡˣЩϧܸоóݷԴǲһġ
ָоݷԼߡҲҪװ֪顣
һԸ󣬲ϲͬ˵̫࣬ºȻԼҪݷ˵һ仰ݷ㶼ǻܿǲ벻һ۸ݷ㣬õʱܺݷ˵˵ЦЦ
ݷĶԲһоûеĻԲ
˻һӲס
ҵϲԼԼҲкøеĹʵѣҡԸʺݷ㣬۹⣬ŲݷչţţǻС㳹״Ӱ߳
񡭡
ݷԲ벻һȻ÷ò뿪
ֻжʱЩǳ
ݷ㲻һǲ벻ɣΪҲǿݷѡ;û˲룬Ĳ֪ݷ㻹ȥ˭ܲܽ˭ˣ
û˵
ֻ˵ˣ̫ǼҲˣˡ
ݷĿ˼֣ܿıָֻͬЦӯӯĴȤĽ֪ԼǰݣмڵҸһ鰡
Ҫȥôء
ҪҲǰԼݣҿ϶ҲżҪؼҿ˭ǣҵģ
ݷƲ˵ţȴֻͷһüĽǰ顭
Ѿ
ݷֻ˵˵ġ
㣬ң
ݷ̧ͷЦƳɫ̫õֻЦǺǵķʣѲɽ㲻ϣһָ䣿
ô᣿
ֻͷһ
ݷ㴽ǵЦȴˣǽϣһָˣ
ȻȻˡ
ֻɫ΢԰ףҲĪ֪ͣ뿪ʹеʱ乬е׷ʲôͻȻȥֻúܲ

1034 ̽

1034 ̽
ֻּ²ݷָܻһЩ䣬ǻָĳһЩ䡣
ǿݷıֲ
ʲôֻ֪ģҪۻָ˼䣬۽ǻӡǵģԸҲֺܴĲ죬ߣԼ۴ǰĹûκεĹϵģǼҲûΪŵǣһ𣬼СĻָ˼ҲûбҪԼ
ߡݷòϲûκεı仯ѲֻԼˣ
Ϊ۵̫⣬Ż̫ˣڲľԱĳ̶ȣ
ֻתܿıָ˹˵ָֿܻܲ䣬Ҷϣ㣬һֱ߸˵ġ
Ҳ֪ǰʲôݣǵʱȴǿ˺ۣв²Ĵǰܻʲôʹ飬ʲôصĴǰ鲢Ǻ£ͽ˱
ֻܺúõĻţϾʧȥһź飬еĿֺͿȴʵڵģ𣿡
ֻĽţ뷨Щ˽ˣ˽ҪڵУϣȥӴǰ顣
ҲƽĴǰεģǶĹʼȨģڻָ֮صûصĵطȥ
С㣬㵱˴ǰʱһҪң뿪ҲҪͬ˵һǽһҺú㡣
˵ֻⷬе˫ֲɵýͼѹԼеĽţ̽
̽ݷ㵽ûлָ䣬ûǰ顣
ݷûлָ䣬Ǹˣǲ˵Ϊֻᵣݷָԭǻɣֻ㿪ڣݷжķദ֮Ҳ΢΢ҡ
ߡ
Ȼֻ˵֮ݷϵı鲻Щݡ
ݷ㱡Ĵ𣬿ֻҲ쳣֣أϣôСͻô
СĿġ
С˴ǰҲ뿪ġ
ģ
ֻ˫ɢŹнŵ˫ɿŵһɲ˵˵ģ˵˱ǴӦҵģͲܷˣ
Ȼҿɲ׷ûģ
ġ
ݷĵ˵ͷü۽Ц⣺ǲϣ𣿡
Ȼһ⼸Ķð
ҪͻȻ뿪ϰߵӦҰɣ
ֻ˵ʵ
Ͼ⼸ݷһֱڸֻߣ˷ǲľĪ˵ǰһѾĸ飬ǽദݷεķȣֻǴĵҪΪļ˵ģҲһֱֻŬķ
ϣݷҲ룡
֮ǰһֱæµҽβˣϱһֱڱҵĲãԵ˰ȣҲʱĽһ´ˣͲСˣҪúõѡһδϱ㽫Ų
ֻüɫ裬˵ʱҸһҼҵܵܳɵĽͶδӵڴ
˵ģݷ̲סһ¡ֻڳδ˵ҪȢӵʱݷͬһֻۣҪֻĸ˵飬Ըܡ
Լĺۣⶼνġ
ãұ㲻ˡ
һڽߣ㵽ʱɱչһᷳ
ݷĿᡣ
ֻͬݸЦôᡣ
˵ʱչأ
⼸ȻĽ㣬һ㶼ݷڱԼİΣҪ̾չˣֻЩˣСһֱǺܹĸԼԼȴûչʲô
˵뻹ûģߵʱȻ˸磬ûУôϢ뿪ˡݷ㿴ֹֻȷ˵Ŀڡ
żҲɣ֪Ǹûҵˣ
ɹĽֻҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
ֻŵ̾˿
Ҳա
˾ûʲôԵɣ֮ǰԼ̫ˣѾɶֵʵԼһϧҲûãݷ治룬˭ҲǿпƵ飬ǿˡ
ǿŤĹϻǲġ
Сúźʵѡˣ
˺ˣϱ밲ʱҵȥȥӦˡ
ֻݷļ򣺡СúϢ
ݷĵ˵ͷá
ȥɡ
ҵӦûʲôˣԲõˣܹұҪȥˡ
ֻҪ뿪޵ʱݷͻȻֻסŲ

1035 ΪʲôҪߣ

1035 ΪʲôҪߣ
ôúõҪأֻüĿݷ㡣
ݷȴǴһĨЦ⣺ɵˡ
Ǻ󹬣ôնסƫأȥǻᱻ˷ģ
ǳӣö֮סֻ޵Ī˵׵ܵܣ׵ܵܣҲûйȥֻãݷ㲻ϣֻܵκε˺һ㶼ϣ
ԺڹŻʳǽĵطһլӣ˼ңԻ빬ϾʱҲڰŽ㣬ϵʱұԼһס
ҲõҵİΣû˺ң
⵹Ҳǡ
ֻݷ˵ˣ顣
еǰǲһģеǰǺֻƴǵĻʺݷҲ԰ݱԼߵģȴĵܵܣܻܲݷڰģ˵ȥ
Ҳá
õȻҲһˣǸ˫ϸ꣬ҽڱǰٺŵլӣ硭ѡڵĸڰɣҲиӦʲôĻ໥
ֻ֪ݷ㲻ϲ֣µãûˣϸҲǰȻԼòһģһֻݷϸʲô˼
Ͼݷ㲻òȡ˵ˣصǸ飬顣
ȻͲһˣֻҪڵȻ̫ڣĳݷòڣǾҪһ㡣
ݷü΢šҲˣ
һ㵹û뵽סڵĸڡݷӲɵð˼֣ǺܿıѹȥЦŵĿֻã㰲žˣ
ֻ뿪
ݷϵЦȴʧеĻڷüȴŹеغ
ڹǲҹֻƴǲ࣬жʹ֮ѲϣҪȥܿ˵ĶĿЩģ繬ڡ
ǰʧȥ˼Ҳˣ˴ǰ顭
ô𣬾Ͳô׵İ֣ϼҼţǲô׵ķŹ
ֻҴһص
·̽ݷʱûзݷκε쳣˵ûа©ֻԾЩģŮ˵ֱɣôݷദ֮Ĭ
˵˵ãȴһֱûйӵʱ
ǰС㣬ǻֻ˵ʱĿ۾ϸģǽ㣬޵ȥԼ͸Ļᡣ
ǰʱݷָ˼ǺйӴģ֣һͬԼƴǵĹϵ
ôС˴ǰ飬᲻ȥ
̽һҲһЩߡ
ֻȥոջعҪѧϰѧΣҪԼ밲
ֻص޵ףûһĹ޵㻺һӰ
ֻĶ˵ʺϹˡ
ɡ
ֻ۾
յһϮ°ɫ廨ȹȹϵĺǱ£ǧ˿˿ķţź챦ʯǶĵѩǡ
Լǰֻ밲
檼ʺʺﰲ
ӣͶ֮䲻ȴ͸©ֳˮܽصģĪ˵˿˻ϧֻŮƼˣɵм־ȡ
ֻ
ǳҲ˾ѿ
ߣòûֻţԳƵǾɫֻţֻȻʧɫˣ
ɣ
ֻջ뷨΢̧ĿѧˣϹյı֣Ǳͷһ빬ʱöˣҲضˡ
лʺ
ӯӯЦЦˮ˫ŵЦ⣺ʺˣȻ빬ΪǱǸйӣ֮ǰأҿлʺָ㣬ŻڵҪлҲӦҪлʺġ
á
Ȼѧ˲ٵĳģ˵ǻǻˡ
ֻǹһĨȣϹϥǻ𣿡
㷣԰йʱҲСʱص޵֮пҪԼʮ˴ʺһ˰ɣջû¶һĳԼǰԼʺ밲

ò˵ŮҪķȷͦ˺µġ
ֻոտڣŵ϶ʱ԰ֽǻδüأֱ¹ֻǰʺѾ֪ˡ

1036 û

1036  û
ջʺͷһֱڣ檲аֵ͵ڹŵʱһֱڷ˼ʺѾˡ˳檣ǳ檻ص޵֮֮С
ʺʺ
Ƭ֮Ѿ滨Ŀֻ߿
ʺһĹµĻᣬպһúõĽˣԲǶ˵ˣ
ǳ檵ĹǳûܽùˣǵĻʺˣʺˡ
ֻֻѯϥǻ۲ۣû˵Ļ͸Ҫ˵ֵĻˣȴԹԵੲݳô䡭һֻҪʦﲻϰݵģ
ֻǲԭģǡ
ڿ޵ſڻֵǵ°ɫӰʱֻʱˡ
ţһϷǳԼġ
ǡƴģ
ֻ۾Ի˸λλףľʱ֡
Ĳ˲۽ǵۣȴǷֹģֻǲ˵ڹôӦԼɣ
ܲһֱԼڵϹš
յϥǹĵڻʹء
ĽŲԽԽüͷʱɿԽʺˡ檰ɣǳ檵Ĺ
ӹļ͡
ǲ룬ȻƴҲûʲôӦ
ûе֣ѯΪʲôҲûУƴôֱֱĳֻȥҲֻֻ
ƴǿݵ¶ЩЦ⣺ûеƤ
ֻԼ߹ƴǣݸЦЦûء
֮ɲͲʵ̷š
Ǻá
ǹȥƴǽü빬ܻЩҪӦģǴǰ߻˵ġ
ֻȴǲͬҡҡͷûб߻ˣֻЩƤء
͵СӣǲƤǲõĵأ滹ǺܶµģЩ̰ѡ
ƴǵһҲֻͬĻڳ֮ϣѾ˵˸ݣҽΪ̫ӡ
ʺˣ
ֻҪó̫֮λҪúõչŸ
¼ǺҵؽŮˡ
˵ĵĻչ˸͸ǳ檵ı֣檲࣬෴úҸ
ֻҪһһ𣬾ҸοԸѣδҴ޵ĻЦǶҪлĴأֻƴǻһЦ
Ѱһ̸лҳ֮ûôǿҵİ޷еֻ¾ãһ໥ˣһĳ̶ȲŻеĬ
֮в飬֮иʤ顣
ǰˣǼˡ
һ⼸ĴʹһڵϹŵġ
вΪ̫ӡ
ǸӣƴǱѾҪ̫֮λ˵δɵǴĻλɽҪֻĺӣ
ʱԼպƻһ㣬ı֣Ҫȴû¶һ㣬ֱӽԼˣ
ͺǸСڱ׾ӵϷ硣
͸©Ŷ֡
û취ˣϷѾֻƴԼҲҪӲͷƤⳡϷȥ
ϣ檸밲
֪ˣΪ檹̲ܽϣߵĹ˺˴ӣˡ
ֻԼֻܽĿƴǵϡ
ڵϵ㿪ڽԼƴǱ㲻ˣֻʾֻ֮󣬱㻺תüĿû˿Ůӳϧ֮飬ƴֻüŵͳɳƵҲЩúŭġ
֪ԼˣǾ͸÷˼ҡܵ˻ʺ޹󳳴֣޿䡣
֪ˣڹ޸ʺģ
ꡪ
ֻЦ
ƴıӸĵˣŻֱԲƴǵԸˡ
Ȼѧ˹Ĺأȴ׽͸ƴԸƴľƭˣ񵱳ưһ㣬ߵڰ׵ģƭƴ
Լ̲ΪҲֵͼֶΣ
ۿлδüµˮ˻ȥɫҰףǾȵĿƴǡ
Ȼ

1037 ȦӲͬӲҲڲȥ

1037  ȦӲͬӲҲڲȥ
ȻԼڳĻڹģ
ֻûгĻڹԼû
û
Ǹ԰ײԼԼҲܺߣȴΪֻƴĻӣ㱻ƴģԼҲҪͷ
һŭԹôܻԼĹ
ǼģƴҲӦôԴԼɣ
ôܰ涼Լ
ʡϡ
һʱ֮䣬Ǳƴǵŭģ˸εķӦ֣õһڹȫɲϵģ⹬ӣƴǺֻôúŪġ
˵ƴǱٶȿ˵ţҪԼݣ빬֮ǰϼùʲôֶ޲ܣ빬֮ǳˣһһнԴ޵档
һĹ޿ڻʺ޵棬ʲôӣ
ѳƵ˲г
ҡ
һʱ磺ûС
Ȼ˵Լ֪ˣŷʡɣƴƳͳɳƵϡ
п಻úڡ
򡭡
˫ϥѾһƬˣҿеŵƵҩܺת밲һնҪڴ϶ȹˡ
ƴǻš
ֻǷƴǺֻ˵ôһС˫ϥǷ飬ٹȥǾٺõҩϥҲ۵²ˣ
ϡ
ɫ԰ףҧԼ׵ĴǣĿƴǡ
ƴͬһǷϱϣô
ĪϹԼûŶԸ⣿
һеĵǸֻӣ
ٿĪ磬ʱ˿ҪĻǰֻգĵͷ΢ŵۿƴǣ
лϡ
ƴǲٿת֮ʣֻϵĿ᣺ʺȥɣ˳һͬš
ֻƹƴϣü룺ϣȥտɣϹ밲ģⰲδ꣬㳪һϷǳ檲ǲá
ֻҪҪĿ׳йصϢδüѯʣֻȻŹһõĻᡣ
Ҳá
ƴǵ˵ͷûٺֱֻۣӳƫȥ
޵еֻȴǴǹ޵ЦĿŵϻںֵ
Ϲ
ǲ֮ˣɱ಻ܱ֮ˣ㣬Ӧ˰ɣ
ֻ»صλϣ΢̧ĿϾǱڣڹΪָ֮⣬ƥе١
ˣҪģӦ֪㳣֣𣿡
ɫϱ仯ʺ˵Цˣ֪㡭
֪֪㲻Ƿ˵ģҪϹ㾿ôġ
ϣ㲻ܵʲôʱ򣬶ǵ㵱빬ʱôԻ˵ģ벻㼸䡣
ֻü˼Ŀϣ˵ȻйϵĹ⣬ȴûܽǺԻϣպ빬ʱŻϾѾ㣬Ȼͷ
ѾԸ֮ΪҲҪԵ𱾹һİ
ֻŬ빬֮лʺеƣҺִʱϾϲ׷ͿС˵Ǵûʺ󣬿ֻҪС˵͵Ļʺֵĳƣ˵ûôѣֻѵʱ򣬻ô¶
ǡ
޺޵ҧŴָֻ޻˵
͹ƴǶֻκֻƴеķŻһεĳƴǶԼֶ˼ᷳ
ɺޡ
ɺûºģƴ֮û̸ƴǵߣ͸ƴǵߣҲֻӵĻᣬôеֻеķⶼԼģܡҲԼƴģ
ڵϣ֮𺡣
Ҫ
ƣҲʧȥƴǵĻģⶼҪҪǡ
ǰĻʺֻǡӧ̫Ůλ꣡
ֱǿҪЦˣԭüչ޴֣Լʱ֮˵˻ʺʵ֣ѡ
ֻ
֣ǲŵĵȥѰкйϵϢ㱨Լ
֪֪˲֮г档
ԭŵĵȥֻ̽ϢҪѰֻĲ֮Ըû뵽ȴһܴľϲ

1038 ǽ

1038 ǽ
Ǹ
һǽ˰
ԼδתͶ˵Ļȳ²ֽԼδƭȥɳս֮أԼȴǸס
֮󲻵ûкúϧԵûñˡ
һֽ鲻㣬ֺͿаҲǵǸδ˹ϵ֪֮ôģȻͳƴǿǸһѵ߹벻Ļʺˣ
ֻЩӼ߰ߵĹʱ𾪵ġ
ԭΪԼйӣȴҪƴǳϹϵѾܺˣû뵽ֻȻԼǿҪǣƴֻ֪еĹԸֻԸ˵İֻ
ֻԼǷˡ
ҪôƴǷˡ
Ҫһ˷˵ģȻԲᷢ飡
ҪֻϢȻȥֻģû뵽ֻͲѾĻȥѰ㣬ֻֻ֣ˣ
Ҫǳֻ֪Σ᳹׵ŭƴǽĻʺ
ȳĻʺ֮λⲻڸ
һż˵Ů˵ʺƴħ
ţе˫ֱ߬ԽĽˣڵʧܲҪлᣬֻٵݱ֮󣬿ôԼǰţ
ֻͻȻü˳۵Щ⣬֪ʲôˣ
ʲôҪ
воˡ
Ϲ˵ʼиɻġ
ֻЦЦĿϵӣҲϹȻϵʱǸʱǻΪʱ򣬸ǲеİɣ
ָֻôںϣٵ˫ĿҲ΢΢˲
⻰˵ĲޣҲֱףһᶮ
ҲҪ
ƴʱȽ磬ǼǻƴǵưµĶģĪ˵ŮУз£Ҳѣҩƴƣûռ˱ˡ
Ȳз£̸ֺӣ
ѲǺƾðģͬβӣӲҪƴǵͷϵġ
ֻ˫ĿޱõϹŵпһиеĻҡ
ôҲû뵽ֻôˣ𵱳кǺӵ飬ڷ˴ʱ򶼻Īʶ飬빬ʱѾϼҼ˵ǣȻʱ򣬻̲ס顣
ֻƬ̵Ĺ㽫еĲѹ˫˲ˮĿֻɻδڱ㱻ֻˡ
Ϲܺú˵׼عŻػִҪ̬ſڡֻʵܲˡͿޡ
޸˭
ƴǶһףװģĺ˵ñ˲
Ȼ
˵ùһмá
ۿеˮ˲䱻˻ȥֻᷴһ㣺лʺ
ӵվ˲ۿиûᣬȴϮ˼Ĩߵ糺ģػʺĻʺ˵ĵȷûʱϵȷǲ̫ʺзģˣһž綾ֶҪ˻ϵȴûѪ
ֻڵģȻ˽ƴǵģҲûкֱֻ˵֪ƴж顣
檡֮ܺͻ˺ӣΪ
Ϊϼҵҩھ˻ϵʱҲ˻ϵ⣬Ϸùˣҩֱӽ⿪˻еĶȴѹƻڵĶǶӰճ
ߵĴ˵飬ʶĽߣ·СŮ˵һ㡣
ֻȴüĽˣΪ֮㲻ãƽ׵Щ˻϶ꣿ
ֻ֪˵Щ©̫࣬ûһʵȴڼ
ҪʵģƴǵУǡǺӵĸף
ֻϧҪֱ˵ѯʣһľԣֻֻһûһͬŹǻ˷ʱ䡣
ԣЩĿֻػʺǾ֮鳼檸õκͻϿڰ
˵ҡϼҵҩҲֻѹƻڵĶȴûа취⿪ģȥûڵĶء
ˣΪεʹãֻ˫Ŀ׷ʣ

1039 Ϊ

1039 Ϊ
ɫױãֻҲЩʶľš
ϼҼʱûô࣬ƴǵݣĹȴûܳɹԭѾǼùˣǰõҲֻϸϸڣ˵עڣƴǺʲôʱеĺӺǸΪûסϵġ
һʱ֮Щ⧲Ǻܿģ˳˼Ļش𣺡ʱ˻ϵʱ򣬲֪ϵݣҲ֪Ҫ뿪ֻҪϽⶾʱû취⿪ҪطѹסѰҼİ취Ҳˮɵģ޿ɺǵġ
ߡʺĻȻʵˣҲҪʻʺϵһֱáΪΡʺﻹϵ´أ
ĿĿĵֻʱƸֵͻȻ𾪵˼ǵԼһ˻ص޵֮ϸĥ֮㷢Ͷߡ
ƴǵ棬ŶģֶΣȴǿƴ¶УĺǴֻĺӣôأ
ֻɲ뾹ֻȣԼӵ顣
ֻǹһĨЦ̧ۿϹȻϼҵҩѹסڵĶΪα˾Ͳԣ
ңݣѲϹ𣿡
ֻûиʵƴڵģưµĶѾ⿪ˣǺȻƴģȴƴֻ빬еģҪֻƴǵҳϣϧ
ϧƸ輴㲻ƴģȴʤġ
һƵ߳ȥмϱֻ˵ƴǵĺӣҲû˻š
Ҳֻڳ˵ʹãСӻδɣնű仯ģ߳ˣҲ޷һӵֽ̫࣬˺ǺӵĽ
ƿԡ
ֻȴ۾ЦŵĿŴ˵ҪϸлһϹϼңûǵȣǱͻϣ㲻պˣ
ɫ԰ס
Ҳеʹ
ƴǵԼôͳֻأ

˵һֱǺ棬ܵôأʲôֶȺ˻ϵģ
ʲôֶξȺƴǣ֮ŵɫ׵ıΪҰˡ
ôȺƴǵģֻҲͬΪݷѪݷʵԭѪ˺ͱ˲һЧ
ǶҲбס
ƴΣ۵Ѫ˻ȻסˣݷµĹƳҲƴǵڣȻšܵļ尾ȴǱֱû١
˵ξȻƴǣҲͬʹ
ΪξƴǵģҪ۵Ѫ۵ѪҪۣ۱Ҫ뵽ϼҼһĽӽۣһĺ˼֮ף˺ӡ
ǿҲװû¶һ㣬Ϊľ̫˰ɣֻۣ۵ʱ򶼻Īһ£ο㱻ֻ
ˣǱ㻹ãƴԶ֪
ƴǵʱƴ˻ԵģϼҼһҪ£ƴǣ˵ڡû۵Ļ˼ܿǺֻϵ׺ˣةฮǸӣˡ
һ׽˶ƴ˵һˮը˵ʲôͱըʱǷʤ
ۡѾӡ棬Զᱻǵ˰̺ӡÿֵʱ򣬶Щܿơ
Ȼδֱӻش𣬿ֻһԽı鿴жݷ㵽ûлָ˼ֲ²⡣
ûлָ䣬ûôȻһӦĺµģ۵ʱֻ΢ЩˣǸոϵķӦǺܺ¡

С㲻ֻǻָˣһ
ֻе˫ֲɵսѵһС㻹еǰһķӦ;
ѵ֣ҪͷֿԼƴ
ǰһԼԲԵκͲԶϲŶԼҩߣǽûвˣֵ֣ҪʲôԼƴǵİ취
֮䡭ʲôƻ

1040 

1040  
ֻ˼ңͬϵı鲻̫ãҵǣֻ֪ʶۣҲΪֻûзԼı仯ĿԼеƽĿڡ
˵ĻϣĵĽϴ˻ȥҽΰˣϼȻƫһ磬źôҲǽɵŵɣҪѰҸҽ߳Ĵ򲢲Ǻѡ
ЦЦԴڸԼеĻҲ
ֻĻҲѹסԼҵ˼̲סЦҪѰҸҽ߳Ĵֹǲѣֱ̫ˣʧѾõĹ˾ͨʲôģ
Ȼҽ߳ΪλܳϵĶأڻҪҩѹأ
Ϲɱͱ˵ϼҽ߳Ĵʲôʱҽ߾ʲôʱҽߣҪʲôʱ򲻸߾ʲôʱ򲻸ߣǷģ
ֻĿ˸һĨֱĻԣǲܡ
һϼҵĴҽ˵컨׹һ˵ҽޣ˭أ
ܸƴǴӹŹϵĶðɣǽⲻϵĶǡ
ϼҵĴҽʱʱͣôϹǺϵģ֪ʱ˺Ҳһý£ִǺأ
ֻʣĿ˸ž⡣
ƴǵʱǲʺкӵģ˵ƴǵʱǲкӵģֻҪʵģ۵ĺӡ
ȻݷѪȻƴǣƴǵҲڵĹƳ棬ô۱ˣڵĹƳֵεأȻ֪Ǳ˹ƵģΪλҪ۵ĺӣ
һ㣬ֻҪʵ⡣
һ̶˵ۺƴǵ˵˵һģ۾ƴǣƴҲ˽ۡ
ֻԹƳ͹Ǻ˽⣬ͬĲ֪Ƴھʲôı仯Ӱ죬⡭ϵƴڵܲкӡݷ㾿Ļ᲻ܿƻеľȡ
ֻҷŹκεı飬Ϊ˵Ļܻƭˣ˵һ˫۾ǲƭ˵ģı仯ܸõķֱ˵Ļ棬ּˡ
Ȼֻʵʱб˼ֵ˵ĻҲ֮ǰǰ˸ʣʺȻϵģ֮ǰҲ˵ˣڵĶȻϼһʱ֮ⲻȴϼԶⲻǺӵġ
ૣеϧйһκͺڡȻܿ죬Ǳֻˡ
ͬʱֻи𼸷ֻϲ
⻰˼ǡ
ǹƳ治ۺˣ
еĺӣҲ۵ĺܱסģƳûκӰ죬ֻϼҼΪҪƴǣǿǺӸ
ϧˡ
ҲСĺӣûˡ
Լ岻ãܱסԼĺӣȻ
ϸ˵ĻǿԼһ㣬ܣáȻᱣסԼĺӵģǿһ㣬ͲĿԼôõĹѪǿȵĴ⡣
һ㣬ֻЩˡ
αǸӶԣĸף׽ˣϧȴΪûܱסֻ֪澿ǰǺޣֻԿ϶ǣܰǸӡ
᲻ô
ƾĺݣһµʱֱӶˣǵȵ̥˲֣Ů˶ԣ·Ƕ˺ģöٵĲҩ
ĸ׶ΰġ
ֻȻͣȴҲûбҪΪĸ׵ڵʱΪҡҪʵϢҲѾʵˣûбҪ˷ʱˣиҪȥֻ
ʱ䲻ˣϹûʲôȻȥɡ
ֻȻüźۼĽԼϵ˻
λϳͷϹһ˸䣬㲻عܷ´ٷǱǲûͷ㣬Ҳǲ㣬㶮𣿡
ҧŴڨڨЦЦף檶лʺˡ
ֻٿҲǴ˳Ƶе˳ת˸ź⡣
Ǹô죿
¶ǰѯʡ
ԭҪֻƴ֮ĸ飬ɹļֻܳˣǾ෬Ŭֻ֮֡ƴǵĸ񣬸޷Բ룡

1041 

1041  
ƴǺħһģǸɹףŮԣ
ֻ֪ıƴĴڣǱڹģµ飬ֻ֪ĵϸֻܰܲץ
ȻһŮ˶Ȳϣ
ǻһλᣬڴӵϻҲֵĵطĻֻдŻˣ
ҧĿ䡣
򲻵ѵĲдŸġ
ϼҼˣһֱô鶼첻ãĪ˵Ҫ»ҪߣҲŰġ
ĻֻһǽŮˡ
ֻӮģƴѵǼƴߵ壬⻹ֻƴǵ˵ģ˵ƴֻǿֻ
ԡ
һ
˶ɫ˵ĶΪֻúÿԲ˻εץסƴǵģ
òȴòֻڱķϣǾԲԸϵģ
ĵһŮֻҲͬǸղݰͲһˣϼҼõļֵ黭ʫʸ踳СڣһҪʵȥƴǡ
ֻֻǳúÿ
úÿҲܵԵģ綼ɫ˥ڵһ죬ԼĲŻŲʱŶȥ
һҪԼӮֻһҪ
¶ĵģĿżζ۹⡣
ۼŹ˳뿪˳ƵֻŲҴҵȥƫƸƴǡ
ĸˣ
Ƹոձ̷ϴϣֻ˵ĴλվĺֻǿɰģǴĲһ㣬ֻĿҲԽĴȰ
ϧֻиҪȥ㲻ųƸƴһˡ
ˣ
ƴ΢üʱ˫ĿǷС
ֻ˵ͷѾˡ
պǾֱᷳӽҶԸУ˷ʱ䡣
Ȼ˷ȴǴڵҪý飬ܾôϳȥ
Ҫһġ
ǲŸոմܻ಻ĵطҲȥЩģСҲҪסڹ⣬ұһǰ
Ҳպٳȥˣ
ӦģСǹŮȥտһҲӦģֻѹ̫࣬ҲһȥˣŹЩʱ֮ұضԵǸҪҵǸˡ
²ʱ䣬ҲҪ΢һˣ
ƴһ˻ʱ򣬱Ѿ˳ƸΪ̫ӣ̫ӿɲһ仰˵̫ӱ̫ӵ飬ҪвܲԵĿĲ̫ӵĲһҪŲһŲˣ࿴ֺͳ޵յЩ鵹ǿ׼ģ
ߡ
ֻ˵ݷʶȤ˵Ҫ뿪ʹסƴǵжʱ˴룬һĿѯʵС֮ǰڳʱҲڳıģҲڳĳһ°ɡ
ݷ˶أҽֻΪ㣬ôƴô˵ҲݷĽˣԼСӣƴǻǻܴ󷽵ġ
ƴݷ㵱ضڳеҪãķչҲܺá
Ҫ֮ǰƴֻ˵ֻһЦݷӦ£ϾƴǶʶã˵ݷĺʺϳãһܴһΪڡ
ֻѾ֪ݷ㼫ǻָ˼ˣȻݷľˡ
ֻü壬Ƭ֮ſڣΪѺæµ㲻˵ǸĻҲģСҲһʱ̵ġ
СҲ֪벻볯Ϊ٣Һ֮˵ɣ廹ʺ̫ۣҪϢһʱУ
ţҲá
СʲôʱҪ볯Ϊֱӿھˡ
ƴֻ˵ĻֲĵֻòʵԺͬһߣڰб㡣
ǳˣ治繬ɭϣ߻Ƕ˱Ҫһְȫ
Ƽƴ˽ţֻݸЦЦã㰲ŵ㣬ҲȥĵطֻǼǱֱӻ
ʵֻչ˳Ƹģ˷ֹֻͳƸ豣ĵˮ©Ҫ֣Ҳôˣ
ƸֻأҪҪȥģĿЩģȴûֻЩʧĿֻĸŶڹĸˣ

1042 

1042  
ãԹԵڹĸʱ˳ԡֻǵƸԴŲʵһͬȥ֮ǰѡլӵס
ֻʱƴѾԺӶɨĸɾһԺӣةҲΪ»¼æ˵ҪݸһЩУĵʱֻǿιʱ䣬ԽЩ˵³Ӳˡ
ةѾǹ٣ȴмŮҪǿ֮ǰةʱǵٺ»ûձ㲻ˣֻƴǵȷǸةܶӣةǰ٣Ҫġ
ôԼˣ
ֻǳЦȻǰæµͷ󺹵ةЩۣҪʲôֻһˣλõԼˡ
Ĵæֻǰס£ŮһЩźصģ
ة֮ǰةʱһֱæڳģլַڴַ˲أҲֻϣةʹˣǶȻûԶֵĵֻҲǽŵģܲǵ˳ֻˡ
ةȴЦǺǵҡҡͷϾʱõģ㲻Լֻ
⣬Ҳͬ˵أѾǹٹǴǰة࣬ūͣˣҲֻջԺıˣļã򲻿ɶ롣
ةһӣǲϲݳ޵ģǰةฮҲ󳼼ҵĶ࣬ةԸˣͣŮֵ䣬Ļд˴ΣŮǵİȫة˶Ըͷֻġ
ֻȻЦЦģһŮ֪ġ
ƴǵãæڹдûʱԿ㽫ߵǲҲǲҪ
ѾȥˣŮûжˡ
ĵĻΪһ֮æ鲻ҲӦģ̸ιةǶϵļͲ׵ģֻҪƴǶֻãǱ㹻ˣʣµة಻ҪƴҲԸģ
˵ĹѾżλūͻˣһةУةˣ
ةѾǹ٣Ǻܶ˶ڳƺϣȴһʱĲġ
һЩףòѾߡ
̷СңÿһջԺһܼңةǻȱʲôֱͬ½ȥ졣΢΢ס
ةȴĵ˵ͷлˡ
˻ŸڵԺҲ˭
ةֻ길ŮЩūҲûֻͬٿˡ
Ǹոհٺõʱ򣬸ԺӱҲ˶İܲôɺϵģˣةݵĿȰĿֻСأ
ѾܾöСˡ
ô˵ݷҲةӣ⼸ةҲǵ潫С㿴Լӣȴ֪СʲôĺӶݷܾȱʲô
ס
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ݷ㵭Цŵĳż˹ȴƷġ
ҹ͸׵ǰ밲ʱЩóȻ´ŵ˸״ˣǳˣ
㣬ˣ
ݷ㿴ֻĿᣬ˿Ѿָ˼ģֻһʱ֮Բݷ㵽δġ
˵Ѿָ˼䣬ͬǰǰ㣬ݷûбҪԼ˵Ҫ뿪ʹ־룬Ͼ뿪ʹ֮֮˺ܶϵĻᣬûлָ䣬ûȥĻ˷Ӧǿҡ
ֻҲ׼ˡ
ֻݸĿݷ㣺ǰǡ
㣬Ҫ߶ͷϵ˻ûأй䣬·ʲôͻ״ô졣
ģֻڸĽת˼Ȧǲϲպ㲻ȥˣ
ةĿŽݷϣС㰡ôͷأ
𣿡
ݷһůةൣǵĿЦҡҡͷģǴ򣬵ȻˣʵȾͺأ
˿ϵĺܿ졣
ǾͺãǾͺá
ةһĿݷ㣺С㰡ڵԺӼȻ㣬Ϊβֱӻǵȥסأ

1043 һ

1043 һ
һҲžˣסһ෽Ӧ
һĪĴݷĵطݷĿҲףǵǴ˵ģοҲǳȥסˣֻǸһǽʲôҪվԺﺰһСˡ
ϾãݷҪӵġ
ة룬ǵԽݷС㻹ôҪԼ׹öã
ããá
ѵϸǵסڸڣҲ㲻ˣԷһҪԣ˯ʱٻԼԺӣ
ةϲݷ˵ܾ
ݷæЦŵͷȻˣǲ׼һأ
һˣô³ϰһˣҲðۣ
ǺǣãǾô˵ˣ
ةãϵıޱο
룬õ鲻˰ɡ
ʱ־ʢڳ֮ɱƴƾһ麮ųΪһة࣬;ˡ
֮Ůлϥ£ֻûжӣҲݷӵТ˳ҲԲˣⱲةҲûźˡ
Ҫһţ
ֻҡҡͷҲҪȥ֮³ޣҪﱸױ񵥣и̫ӡ
ˣĲ⡭
ةݷı˸ɫġ
˿ܻᱻƸòŪȥةݷȴǺֻϦദˣټϽӸôҪʱģƾյֻһˡ
ǺӲֻģ
ةĵһ֪Ϊϲֻֻôһʺδƴ̫̣Ҳ֪ƴǳ綼бĻãֻŸոպƴǳףֵôͻȻð˸ӣҪΪ̫أ
ֻպĺӣֵΰأ
ĸԼŮܾ¼õˣί
ة൱Ŀֻո˵ʲô
ֻæةࣺȱ𼱡
ةƼֻĿ˸˶ӣȷ˵ĵطĿڣһ£
ʣµˣȥ׼ɡ
ǣү
ūӦͷæµҲʶȤĴĽûȥةࡣ
鷿֮С
ةཫŽգɫصĿֻô£
ǸǴðģ
ƴǾҪΪ̫ӣô죿
ѲƴǸϹģ
ة磬·Ҳ̽ٳƴǵ״֪ôһ˵ĴڵģвֻǸƴž֮иӡ
ǻˣ
Ϊˣة̫֪öһ˵Ҫˣ
ةıҲŽ
ˣҪ͵˵һʵģ
ֻЦЦǺӣƴǵ⣬ƴǵĽ㣬ĺӡƴǵ
ةݵͫ΢ƴǵĽ㣿
ţƴǻи㡣ֻ˵ͷиĵĹ涨Ǿǲ˫ӵĴڣ˭˫ӣǱҪɲļɻ䣬˫Ҫѡһġ
ȻʺȻʺĸã㽫ڹ⸧˵Ĺϵ׺ƴǽǺӽӻعҲЩԽ棬ôڹ˲ٵĿͷȴûƴŹܺ
ߡƴǲҪӭȢ빬ˣһѾȲü򲻻ŮŮˡ
˸̫֮ҲܺܺõĶסдǵĿڣҲѡ˵¶
˵⣬ةѾֻˡ
иЩȣȻиô˵Ĺ涨أ
˫Ƕôֵø˵ϲ¶ȻҪɲ飿
һ˫ӿǽةЦ˻ССģ۷۵ӣة໹Цأ
˺ȴԼߣݿǷ˫ӣȴֻһܳлϥ¡ƴǵǷ飬ةǿ׵ģ֪һ̫֮ѡĺҲ֮٣ֻȷǸý
صǣľУ
ǺΪ̫ӣŮͬġ
ֻһĨ΢ЦǺӵݣڻЩͬ˵ŮԺܸεĸŮûܰίܸˡ
⡭

1044 עƽ

1044 עƽ
ة΢ЩɵĿֻ
ֻǿˣƴǵЩʱǿƴǵκǳŮ˺ӣȻϣҸͷһҪģǹ¼ŵĻλŮϣڵȥҸǴ
ֹݵı̫ۡ
ֻݸĽԼ뷨
ִ˵ԭɣкܶڹ׷еֻб㲻ֵһˡ
ǾͺãȻô룬Ҳûʲôˡ
ةοĵͷʵҲԼܲܳΪû̫ĿͷһӣҲȷֻ˵
⣬Ůǰֻǿ򼸸ô򵥡
ֻٿس˳Ŀ⣬Ҳѹ͡
ةһֻ֣صģҲɵøŽʲô飿
˵޷
С㣡ֻ³ô仰ةпһ
ʱһ˵ֱңСܿܡѾָˣ
ָˣ
Ǻ°ة΢Ƭ̿ڣС֮ǰһֱǳԼ˴ǰǰ飬Ǹ˵ġ
ةȻҲϣݷһֱԼߣԼգ˲̫˽С˴ǰҪԭļةҲǲģǸһ
ɲֻȴü壺ˣκСģ
ة񵽻ѪݷģݷǸ书ȵȡ˵һ⣬ǾݷܻܿǱʲô˸׷ɱġ
Ͼݷ书Ѿˣܽݷ˳ǰģˣһƽ
ҵС벻ҪȥǰĳѰ𣬵ʱ򷴵Լ
ȻˣСûлָҲ̫ȷʶĸоЩԾҲ֪ģСԸһ󣬼ʲôҲԼҲóȻȥʣ
Ҳֱȥʡ
ĻָˣôʵĻСĲǼˣҪûлָĻֻṴСĵ飬ڻˣô̼
ֻŵ̾һ˵ݷ֮⣬Ҫĵġݷ᲻ű
ǰݷĽֻ֪ʱֻǳƴǹı֮УϾ˼̫࣬ǽеĽݷ㵱ԼĵܵôģǲܲȥѯĽ
ۻųͨ裬ݷ㲻ԣݷڻˡ
ʵݷ᲻ֻ֣ǶԼ⼸ĸЩĵġ
еǰһ
ǰƴΪַֺϺϣִݷ뿪ӣݷҲû̫Ĺգܾ⿪ʣЩŻǿҵռ
ǽݷܺãּҶݷҲܺãƴǵĸãѾˣСЩܣнڳޣܵܶһֲԭ򣬲Ϊƫִ
ǰ㷴Ӧ
ǱСв˰ɣ
ֻҸоõľãСӦΪԼȥһģ
ԵϾʱһҪС㣬С벻Ӧ飬ʱԼˡ
ţΪ֪ˣ
ֻ˵ةҲ֣صĵͷֻĵǣǲݷװʵةҲ᲻õģȻͲὫݷȻˣ
Ů̸²֮󼴽޵ˣ֮ųš
ֻة̸ཻ棬ûע⵽йһӰġ
ݷšüֻةѹٵͣҲûӵù书ǿ˵Ķ䣬ֻǴĵĻݷϵıأ˫аȵһеҲǶ˼ζ
ֻةûԼתµ飬ݷûоκ뿪ˣװոմӺԺæֻǰ
㣬Ҫ𣿡
ٶһ𣿡
ݷĿЩᣬ˹֮󣬾Ͳֻˣˡ
ҪߵģЩæŵÿ˱㾭ǣ
ֻٵĿ峺С㣬ʲųʱƴǻͬ㣬ҪڳѰһ£֪ɷԸ⡣
ǰ㣬̫ۣĺõĻǰ̶Ȼġ
ݷǸʵģ书ǿ˵Ҳϸ糾˼ȫܶܵʱֻҪ˽һ飬߿һܺܿѧᣬǡڸߴߡ
⻹ƴ֮ǰݷۣ

1045 ͽ᲻ɷ

1045  ͽ᲻ɷ
ݷԸ⣬ǻָ˼䣬ǳ׽֮ĻҲڱĵطźܺõķչġ
뵽ֻɵ̧ͷĿݷϴһȦ
εòһ˫һĸˣݷȨ֮λҲǵĳµĹǧǵĿȺĽɣ
ֻ֮£ݷվû˵ܾĻ
ã
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ݷ㻺ЦˣһĨЦݡ
ֻŵҲǳãǾô˵ˣ
ʱȺúõˣҺƴǱڳѰһʵλãʱֱӹͿԣ
СӦԼǲᷴڵģֻҪڳ֮Ѱ˴£պȶҲ㲻ὫеĿⶼڴǰˣ˷ɢעĵطݷպӻȽ׹
ұȻȥˣʹˣףԺٲҪչˣʲôҪæĵط빬Ѱңǳ빬еơ˵ֻһöССƵݵݷС
ֻȥıӰݷ㽫ƽ߬ģеĿҲ˸
ŵɫ£ȹźɻƵͼ¶Ĳɼǣһŵȴһ֮ۡ
ʱشһƽ׽ֲʧòס
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ͬ»԰й䣬ܵķ羰ʵĿȴѰҪѰҵӰټ
ˣ֮ȥ鷿æŴȥˣʺ޵˯СߵǸвĹŮţ԰أ
ֻҪ˳С·ȥѰܺʹż
˵Ŀ϶ǻ˲ӲŴ˴ӵϢأ
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Ҫֻƴ֮ĹϵҲǸԼѰ߽ƴĻᣬû뵽ֶֻμߣƴֲᱻӰˣһļƻ˿ա
ģ˵û취ֽţСǸͻƿڰɣ
Ŀ꣬Ƹ֡
óƸƴǺֻ֮ĹϵҪ򵥵Ķˣ
СҪȴ˺úŪģ
Ͷɵüӿ˽Ų¶ȴڰͶԶȥӰüĽϲ֪ʲôʱѾú˱ŵŸ룬ҪдõŰŸϵС䣬˸ӡ
ӹȻǣ
Ͷ԰й䲻ãڼɽʯƼ˴ŲĳƸ衣
죬׼һ£
ʧŶƸϻۣͨСӺúƭٴϻۣϾǸСӣСӾٲ˰ԣôóȻȥڨǻ˾ͼı죬һҪ׼һĶƸעС
ҪȥƭƸģȴܷΪǳƸģ
ǣ
ȵķԸ֮ǰ׼Сϲֽ㱻˳ֽĻ˹еĻʦͼģӥǣϵʱһϡ
Скӵϲá
ʮĿӥǣ˷ֽ̧ǰܡ
һ㣬ٸһ㣡
ĳ֣еӥȴѾŷ򻺻˰УЦӯӯ˷ߣûһǷݱ߸ߵ
Ͷ˵СñɽʯĳƸͲ˸ȥ
ȻƸ˫ɢ⣬ϵӥĻϲ
࣬㿴
ҲҪ
ƸҪǷݱȥȴʱסˣӣǻʺĽˣ
ϸĿǷŷݵ˭
ƸеĻϲźһǷŷݵȥƼߵĹŮƸϵ˷ܶʱûˣԴ
ƸԴ۰˵ţӣ룬ŷݵǸʵĳ񶾵ϹŮӣҪŷݣҲӦѡһЩŮϲֽ𰣬ԧ֮ģȴûУѡӥѵթ𣿡
ƸȻСǲȴǵ֮
濴ã̵ˣǲģҲôóƸ赽˻ʹ֮УòͲʵһͬ
Ȼ֮󣬳ƸϲȥתüĽĿϷŵֽ𰻹һĿĵͶ
Ƹڵ˫ĿлһĨ

1046 

1046  
˼üĿųƸ衣
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ǿųƸ賤ģܱͳĽչ˳Ƹʱ仹ãܶ鲻ҪƸ˵ֻҪƸ۾תһתˣСӿ϶ʲô⡣
ƸЦкŲൽԣڲĶüɫ˵˼䣬ϵıҲŻ
ģǺðɡ
ǧҪзִ簡ȻҪǳԿ˵ĻҲǵòʧģ
ȻƸ˵Ҳ뿴ĵĻǳƸİȫֻǳȥˣ޵֮УŵģǲͳƸȴ
ֻڣҪǺնʲôǵֻý
ƸͷĺͲ˹һ㣺İɲ㣬Ҳֵģ
֮󣬳ƸϱٶаЦݣ˷ܵĳڵķȥڷֽ𰰡
úÿ
ƸĿڵ˫Ŀ峺˵ʱŨܵĽëкǳһɵģвһֻþܡ
ܳƸҪֻƴǵĺӣҲӦûϲƸĻҲҪúõ۰
ͷֻһ˲䣬ܿı㱻ѹȥ
ųƸԾĻһĨ𺣬ֻ֮ǰԼ裬ĺҲԼĳˣֻƴǺֻıߣ˶ѡ
ǵһĨǵЦ⣬ſɰĳƸ裺ǰڷֽġ
ˬǷֽĺʱڣôп԰𣿡Ŀڣ·𿴲ƸжֽĴѺϲװ֪ģѯʣδȳƸ˵Ǳ㶫㿴׼ʱֽҪˣҪٷһЩеˣ
˵գҲŶĻһ뿪˳Ƹһξ룬ר־ķֽ𰣺죬ٷŵĸһ㣬ٸһ㣡
µֽ߸ߵķ֮Уӥһ㰿ʣĳƸĻϲ
ӣ߻Ҫæŷֽ𰣬Ȳ˵ȴѾ뿪ƸԶһξ룬ҲûҪеֽ𰽻Ƹе˼
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ҲҪһ¡
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΢΢ǳ򲻿ӶԴ˵̫ûò
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΢΢峺ĿڳƸϣСƸϵ½
ϲֽ𣿡
Ƹʵĵ˵ͷ
ΪѵĳƬ̣۸һĽݵ˳ƸǰȻϲǱȸɣ
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ųƸˣҲصĵ˵ͷĿЦţȻˣ
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ܸˣǳҲŸˣȻ檻һֱĴӻΪǰ⳼أˣ檱ˣ
ƸĽӵԼУ˵ߣ԰ɱȫĻԺ󣺡࣬࣬쿴
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ųƸ԰š
һЩɫΣǺܿģָֻ˹֮ǰŷҲ˺һˣ˫Ⱥ͸첲ЩʹԵġ
ֱ԰ͤʯĿ԰бŵĳƸ衣
׻ǸСӣЩСԣһ˼ڷ棬ԼҲˣֻҪϽԼĶͺð죡
պƸ費Ȧף
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1047 һ

1047 һ
ǻδüЦݾôӲڴǣҲⱻϮʯĴôһ˵Ҳվ԰Ĵ
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ոأ
ôûӰأ
Ҳ𾪡
ոһ˵ļƻûаװ׵գ׹׽ˣպֻҪ֮󣬶Ȼĸ飬ǸʱƴǺֻļƻҲɹһ롣
ۼŴڷֽ𰣬˲ɣ
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ڻδعԼǱƸһˣ
Ƹ˵ϲԼֽ𰣬ֻϲԼֽ𰣬лĻûк˵һֱӴֽԶˣ
ʱָ۵ĸоƫƫһ˵ʲô
ڶڳƸϳԹˣ
ֻҲˣϾֻŻʺ֮λģλָһѹһû뵽ȻƸСƨ治
δҲ̫۸˰ɣ
СĿŵɫҳһ£´üͷȻˡ
ãӣ
ҧǴ³ôһ仰ģֻʶһڿˮ㿴˵ţǡȻȥɣ

㿴𣿡
Ǹոյɫ÷ˣ
õֽ֮󣬶ڼɽʯĳƸЦҲ˫΢У۶Ц⣺ǰɲأ
׼ֽôװױˣ
˭Ҳû뵽ôĳƸȴǸ龫ûбƭˣǰһһ㶵ģֽ𰱻Ҳû¸л֣ٿɫɫ˭˶̲סЦġ
˺ˣӣĸûȥˣȻʺûҪģ
ЦеƸԴƸ轫ֽУֻǷ׸һ׬˸ֽ
ʱ˵ʺǻʺҲ̲סЦġ
ֻҪˣƸҲæĵͷ
ƯŮ˭ϲ仹ֻƯ׵ŮСҲϲ׽ôĿ鰡ű˾õġ
ãȻȥɣ
ĸ˵Ҫأ
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š
ϼҼü壬ŸӴţǺܿģüͷɿˣҲƵЦ⣺ã
ð
Ǻð
̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
ðð
ϼҼͻȻıվŵϼҴЩ΢㶣ϼҴϹ˹֣ɻĿϼҼôˣ
ʲôˣȻã
˵ʲô
ϼҼЦЦֽ̧ŵż͵ϼҴϵǰϷȻûп¶ǸѾͷȥ˹ôĹ򣬱ϷôĺϢ˵Ϸܲˣ


ϼҼЦˬʹ졣
ϼҴϵɻҲſż֮ȫȻ΢Щ𾪵żдݣ⡭𣿡
żд̫𺳣ֱ˲Ű
ϾȻ˵ǳĻʺ󣬲ʲôӧμҵŮλ꣬ǸǽةฮСֻ
ϼҴüĽšϵıǸӡ
ȻǶĹĹȴ΢Щ˽ģһЩҲǶꡣ
Ǹǽֻ
ϼҼϼҴҲŵģһʮֵĸп
֪ŵĵλΪǽͳ֮ġ
ӿ೤ûоͷʵӵĵ±һԴӿҲȻϣء
ôЩûҵŵ֮Ҳǹ鹦ڴΣ
ΪƵԭҲĹ֮еͳ
ĹҲ˽Ϊ̵ġ
ϼҼҪһ
ϾĻѾˣλ㲻̣Ҳ飬»ʵǻҪѡģʱҪ֮аǺ׵顣
û뵽˽֮ϼҼȴǹϵ˺ֵôһ뷨
ԭȻϻʵϺʺϣһȺӡȴûܷģ

1048 ȫѹ

1048 ȫѹ
ûƴǰ֮ǰϹֻǸӹŵĻӣʣµĳ˻һЩĶǣթȴòıµģΨһϹǸΪɫԻġ
ֻϹȻֻĲԣϹֻ֪ϹĹϵֻһҲǸʲô
ϵ˫ԵģֻдȴҲһĲ졣
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ϼҼǳƴǶֻʺᷳӶֻӻʺ֮λϸ⻹ûϼҼʲôأֱֻԼôһӡ
ƾֻݣǳһȺ׵ķŹ


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ϼҼֹסĻЦϼҴصüͷ
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ŵĳı⼸ղе飬ֿɵõĻȨҲͷһ֮ģֻں취£סƴǵģǰ֮УϼҼҲû֮ȥ߶
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ԲŻ˺ƴǣŻƴǵĸɹ
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1049 ݱ¶

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1050 Ϻ

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ףĪ˵Ѱרҵݸֻ֣ҽҲǼ򵥵飬վǳ֮ߣϸѾˣ֮ǰĶ궼ܾίܲպĿ˰ɣ
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1051 ΪĻױ

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ʹ֮£ֻʣЩЩģǺܿЩ㱻ѹתֱ׳
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ҪΪĻʺ󣬲ֻǳòҪĹǧſԵΣ
̫һҾұĹŮλСǻʺ֮λȻûаԹԣֻṧϲϻʺϲǡʺ֮λͲ̫ŮֻǸǽðģָΣ
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˴ͷȻǶ˼ֵģ쿵£Ҳ׷׿ʼָֻĲǣԴĺֻʲôʮһ
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ΪֻǸӲͷû뵽Ȼô˵Ҫ֪ǵӦֱֻֻλƴǵ鷿ǰá
ҲһˣϥǾڵġ
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Ҳڻ߶ģ˴ӣһְǿԵģʺ֮λϣ
˵ʱɵֱͦ壬и˲ٵУ·ԼղŵһѾˣ˵һǶֻĶһ㡣
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ʺݺҪغǳĻҵȻͲô׵ĶڻϵУʺ֮λҪѡһ²ż汸ּõǧܵΣ
׳ҪĴ󳼷׷׸Ÿ͡
ֻеȴˣûмŷ쿵Ļ˳ĻЦŵȥŶ
ǰԴ˵˼ûʺ֮λ˭ʺ֮λأ
ΪֻĺˣƴΪӲŲõڣ˱ֻ˵Ҳżְ
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ʺЩ֪֮ģˣЩҲҪΪѻʺ㻹Լڻϵǰ˵ɣ
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µֻеЩϣЩΪ˽ˡ
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ѸٵĹ뿪һżϤӰ³˵ǰֻ˵ʱϵĺȴˡ
򽿶˿ϴżĨʱ˵糺졣
ԭΪĻʹ¼ɵĵطɲ룬ĻʹŹ֮޲ƣųĻҲΪһ˲š
ݼԴˣݼλˡ
һ·ϣ򽿶Ժвɵø棬Ϲָˣڳ£ΪҲһ׮£
ջ˼򽿶ĳŸλ밲ĿȴȺ֮һ۾Ϳ˳˫Ŀֻˣ
Ȼ
ǸҪֻڳ

ԭΪֻͽа¾ѾʮĲҪˣû뵽ֻˮŮˣкôպϣƫƫһòǶϲ
ֻ㾹Ȼ
쿿˵򽿶Ѿֱǰֻĸǰǳ
ԭ·Ѿ˵˳Ļʺпةǧ֤ٵģֻЩ˼飬Ȼ򽿶ļֻ֮󡭡г֮Ǽˣ
ƾʲô
ò򽿶ֻ򽿶òҲ֮ˣۼ̫ʦ֮ŮͬةǧҪ黭򽿶ױ˾ĲŮ
ƫƫ
ƫƫڶԸ˵ֶ棬ʼղֻģ
λǰ;үֻˣתҲͰˣھĻҲֻǣűˣ
򽿶бͶֻԹΪֻ֤ݵģ򽿶б˼ֵֻĿҲźͲ
ʱˮΪаµδޣȴڱﹴ˽£аºƭȥɳֺ֮ͽ³ףû뵽ȴаȵ֮ˣϧͽºҲҪȥа£
ЩѾ޳ܵˣû뵽㻹㣬ȻĻҲҪȾָ
ֻ㻹֪ʲô𣡡
ֻϹڸճ׵ʱͺˣȻû֪Ϊʲôܹ鲻ΪƼϹȵźģ򽿶ܵô࣬޲öֻˮóֻɨسŲſأﻹЩСϸڣ
򽿶һָǾ仰ֻʹ쿵ɫÿ˺ܶࡣ
ǰվ򽿶ǰģʵС㣬ǰģǳĻʺ˵һҪʵ̬ҳʺǴҪɱͷģ
ȷǰˣǹǰةǧֻ𣡡
ɱ𿴴ˣ
ȷϣֻΪֻĻš
򽿶ȴ֣صĵͷûп
ֻǻɻҶϳģ
ǣֻӡģֻ򽿶һˣɣϾŮ˺Ů֮䶼໥ųģ˵ϣ
ֻϹϹε߬УŮ˲ʣ
˭޵һ
ȻΪ֪ˣʵˣ伣Ѱ˴طĹˣ롭Ȼ͵͵ܵ˳
ǿɶ񣡡
򽿶˫ȭգ˵ֻʱߣ
֪ģΪֻʲôԲ򽿶飬ֻֻʲô񹲷ߵ飬Żǵ򽿶˳ӣ
Ȼּɵġ
ʺкλ˵ѵҪ΢һ׮׮һǰЩӢΰ¼Żúÿ𣿡
ѵͲʲôʶȤʵ˼
Ǿǣ
ĸǳˣ
ΪһӢôͱĲҪŮ˸ɱ˫أ
ڶ֮ЩĴûʲôжģ͸Ÿı⣬ʵ˵ǡ
žžžž
˵ָֻûа־£ǹһĨĻȣϵıǳأһ㵹ʵɻˣֻ֪«ʲôҩʱѵʲôԼ
֪ǲܵģڿֻǰŵЦݣб㲻ԾһֲԤУܽյ黹Щıʣ
ֻüݸĿ򽿶ָ𲻵ûаߣǺʲôȤ¶һ㣬ƽĿġ
С𣿡
ֻЦ⣬ȴ򽿶ϴģ
СòӦǷǸ󣬿С㷽˵ЩȴЩݲ򽿶Ŀ֮£ֻЦװ׵˷˺üɣ
㡭
򽿶Ȼֻȴûи򽿶ᡣ
ڿ˵ֻк֤أֻŲæ
ܹܽϵˣҲʲôˣôС㷽ŵһۣǲǱҲԲ²СǺԴʲôѰĹϵ򡭡ôһС㣬úõĴڼд廨ǲԶǧĵ˳ָĻʺ󣬻
ֻȻЦŵģ׵Ŀȴǲŭƽ׵򽿶ú

1053 

1053 
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˭ᰡ
Ϊ򽿶죬ֻͲ
浱ǻƿ
С˵ǸฮǧֻΣǲģǡСΪȴǴĿõģˡĲСκεĻأ
ֻզࡣ
ֻķ޲վúõĸǵĹơ
ԭлֻĵģڿȫǶģ򵥵ĽЩҪΣ˸׵Ľˣ
˵ûУ
򽿶ɫǺ죬׻δŮӣСǼʣƤҲеģֻôָǷйϵ޲Ҹطȥգ
ֻҪñĻڸǰĹ
ǣ
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򽿶ľִ٣ֻ̹ȻĶˣЦ̯̯֣û˵ϲ˵Ÿλ涼һ˳ӵģСΪˡ
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ȷ֪򽿶̬ҪֵϹĻĽʧˣȴԼɼУ޲ûԼǰֻᣬΪûбҪ
ȲϲϹϹҲ򽿶ûκιϵ
˸ӴŵˣûҪݡ
𡭡
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ôķŹ򽿶ˣȻ򽿶ܲԶĵ˳ָԼ޲ԼƤôͱ׼ʲôʱڱԼͱһʱܳΪʱը
ʵô
ֻŵĸпһ䣬ĿƲ쿵ϣҲΪԴˣﱾȻֶζõˣ
ǺôԴҲӦһõϷӰɣƺЩϸ񡣡
Ϸӡ
ֻȻԼϷӡ
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ЩŭĿ򽿶ǡô鶼ãȥָֻܼˣǧ֮ͱֻˣ
ǵĻʺȷЩ򵥵ģ
ʺĻƺԶ˰ɣ
СΪôҲۣСĻֵȶģ̫ʦ֮ŮȻȥѻۻʺ΢վʺĵ˵һ䣬ǲֻ
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쿵ڳΪٶģźܺõƿʱĽֻ˻ƾ򽿶ʲô飿
Ҷ췢ģС˵ĻǺ𣡡
󳼵ĿҲǷ׷׵ֻϣ򽿶޵ĿĶֻϣе˫ָɵýա
ֻȻһЦ쿵ָûаֵĻţ쿣üǵͬ˵ģȻᣬǧĪҪڣ
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ֻ۽Ƴڰ£ǿһúЩǴ򽻵ˣֻһֱڹʱ䣬ҲڹЩִģ
ΪģǸȥةฮϸ׼㹻ʱ䡣
ڣϸˣֻҪȥϸԵװ磬յܳˣܽϵǣܺƯķ쿵һΡ
仰ֻת뿪ֻһȺ˽š
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ŻʺӲںģĳʲô˰ɣ
Ҫԩ˻ʺɾͲð˰
ﵱĸǴնΪһЩԲĴǵѾЩˣ쿴ܶʱΪʲôе֤أ뵽˻ʺǰָʱȻ԰ס
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Ҫǻʺû⣬СǧĹָ𣡡
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ֻ򽿶ִ֮˭Ϸ·磬鶼ǰ˾Ųʮģϲôˣ򽿶ϴǵĻʺһǸֻ
쿾Ͳˣֻʲô취Լϴס
ҳһһģһֻҪһģһֻ쿾ͰԼԴš
۷׷ףֻҲͬŲӿ죬ֶĻص˺޵ϸڼֻʱϱЩţĳֻϼһΣʱȻǴЦģȴޱȵ·˵ҪٰԼĽ㣬ϸˣ
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ֻȴǽϸסˣε˵ţϸܻ꣬ί㡣
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ֻĻ˼ǵĻӰԼ
ϸûصةߵʱ򣬱Ϸ԰ﻹʲôԣӰ첻ӰģϸͲںˣҶã綥ֻݣܹ˵ԼּҵŮ
ϸΪ԰ﵽеġ
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ڣʲôֻҪͬЭһƽĶȹˣԺҲû˻۸ˣ𣡡
ֻ˵֣أϸ֮СԸʵǺʹСľйϵһŮӹּѣֻԼף
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ֻ˫ֶٶ֮࣬ĵĽš
ڣֻϹĸлֻһǰˡ
Ϲ˿ɺ޵ʱĿɺޣǿʱҲЩģǰϸȥһרŵϸֻ꣬»ǻü֡
ϹǰǱ˵ֻҲẦˣ
վһԣȵĿֻһ˫֮£ϸԵı仯ٻ٣òҲͬòǿ͸ֵĲһ
ôģ⡭ū澿ҲҲûʲôıòҩˮ
һЩۣͨ֬
ֻЦЦӾǻģҲ۾ʮʮʵģеʱȻҺϸ곤һģһкܶڵȴӾ϶˵۾ɴñ˿Һϸ꿴мֲͬģ
緢٣ٱüκʹΣ
⻹ΪŴ֬۲ִĻױƷһ˶ܿױ󣬺ο˱ɲһ̫˼ֱֻҪַױݾͿˣ
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ϸ걾ò빬ʱΪʱæʢװװ磬ֻĴһ°ɫƵĳȹǧ˿űţţȴĵϸ׵ʣƲ۾
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߰ϸ꣬ܲܶȹѹؾͿˣ
һůϸģҲϸ滮ůֻҲ˼ּᶨصĵ˵ͷֻ鷿ȥ
ֻ»ص鷿鷿ǰȴŵЩ󳼱졣
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ٿֻһֵͬǵӰ֮ȴʶŴ̲ͣסһ
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⡭
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ǲˣ
УȻôῴʺ֣
һ۾ˣһǣ
쿵ˣ⡭ʲôѵһģһֻ
򽿶Ҳɵˡ
ô£
ѹ򽿶ĶѯʣҪ򽿶ƶǶȻܶĴ󳼹һȻֻģڡ쿵涼ʼܾǿҪʧˣҡԼҲҪˣ
򽿶

쿵Ѿ򽿶ǧˣ
ҡҲ֪ʲô򽿶ˣ˵ĳζʲôģǰָĻʺҪҲͰˣҪǴˡɾҪִˣ
Ǹֻɻʲôã
쿲ģµͷ˾˩һϵƣ򽿶䲻ôҲͬûùӳԡ
򽿶ҡҡͷֻãõģҼֻûаĪ˵ǾɫˣǸСұҲǿ
ȻַˣֻҲĸ׵ģԽ֮Ĳࡣ
ϸݡ
ϸֻ¶һα㱻ةϳؼûģŮةҲû湫Ϣ򽿶ڹ֮еĴСȻ֪
ǿʲô˵òһģһҲͬĻ䡣

1054 ƯĻ

1054 ƯĻ
򽿶Щʧ񣺡ʲôҲֻǸıòȴǸı䲻·̬ġ
ֻǸŮӣò̬ϣ򽿶еֻһģһ
෴ģ˱Ƚ֮£ʺ󵹿ȷЩİ
ֹֻǧӣȴʧԼķǵģǳĻʺȴһü֮䲻ȻıһɰϣһģһòȴȫͬԸ
򽿶ֻú亹ӸŲ
һʱ֮ʧĴȴɻĿֻϸ꣺ðһʺĹ˭
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Ƿ˫ӵĴڵģ̫ҵŮֻλһةŮҲֻһֻôŮӣǴӺζģ
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ϸһѰеѧģЦǰȺڵֻ
λ󳼷·˹һֽĿֻϸĴ׷ʵǻʺǺιϵΪλ񣡡
Ҫλ껹и˫ãҲɳĻʺ
ֻݸλ󳼵׷Ҳ˿ĻţֻǴݲȵĿڣ˵ҲԵ֣ͻ֮ʱܹةĶݣʱǱѾةǧСˣϻЦǣǰĪԵְɣŻֱͬҵˣȴԵ֡
ʵϸĻѷֵĲͬġ
أСܣϴ˰ɣ
ʲôةฮֻеλꡣ
ϸĳ֣õĽֻͣ˵ЩǵҲ˻ʺ֮Ǻ£
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Ϊֻλ󣬲⣬֮治Уǧ࣬ҪѰƵ˲ѣֻֻλҪ༸ְˣûʲô׵ĵط
㵽ֵ򽿶ǳ׵۵һ˳
ʺ
Ů۲ʶ̩ɽʵǻʺǸ̫ˣŻŮϴ
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ôԹôİã
ֻĿ䣬ȴǽֻܵ񣬿첽ǰ򽿶ǰֱ̧Ǽ򽿶ϣʹصأ֮أ
ǰʺ֪֮СһǻϺͻʺĶˣȴҵ˷Сǲδǳа
򽿶ˣ
СǱ̫ʦгģ֮ż͵͵ĸ˳˳֤ȫΪ򽿶еĲģֻҲֻǺµĲ֪ǺòŻ

ŮԻʺûκεĲڳҲûκεӰ
ʺʺŮĽͰ
򽿶æĹڵϣǱģŻźúõ̫ʦ֮Ůܹմôһ˻ˮСҪˡ
ǺãС㣬ٸһλᣬ㽫Сú˵˵ɣ
ֻֻúЦ
ֽϻȻ

򽿶Ѿ˵ʱΪ˻ȥڲҲ˦˵ˣŮĲԣǰ˵ʱҲֻǹڮִСˣŮмִСŻ˵ģ
ʺƹŮɣ
ֻûлش𣬶ĿֱһԴס쿵ϣЦǡ֪ԴǺ뷨أ
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صֻߵף̧ͷȥֻɫ²Ҳֻ֪е뷨ԼĲӵطð⡭
ΣǱ˰
ʺˡ
Ҳ¹ֻǰ΢ʺˡ
ֻŵϹŵЩˣֻ
֮ǰֻû֤ԼʱЩԴĺ޲ýԼ乬ڵˣҵϸ꣬Щ˱ֶԼˣ

ҪǴõĻҪɷʲô
յ黻˸ǶȣҪֻò֤ݣЩͱ˵Ĵ˵һˣЩǻԭֻ
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ϧʺ֮λԳйĴ󳼣ȴǲĶŭ𷣵ģҪĽôЩǶ˵ĻʵʺʵˣߡҲǶҡ˳ĵĹ
ڵȷģ˭Ҳû˵ͷЩ˶԰ɣ
ֻ΢еĶ򽿶촽˵Сͻص̫ʦҪһ˵̫ʦǱһֱţ𣿣
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ֻô˵ʱ򽿶лǻϲģΪֻ󷽲ƽϣϣֻ˵ʣµĻ򽿶Ҫֱӻȥͷ
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ҪͲˡ
Ȼպǵ̫ʦĳ谮ǵΪ̣ڴǲģ͵͵ĴӼܳģҪǾôͻȥҪҷˡ
ùǵ˳ĻʺҪ̫ʦʲô
򽿶ĺ赹ʵϡҲȷôˣֻ˵껰֮һ׵Ļȥˣ
ֻżЦ⣬ֽĿ쿵ϣԴˡ
Դ˵ô˵ģ
ֻһ٣˹ӡ
ȴʹļ׵ĿֻҪװơ
ֻôܸ쿻᣺ˣԴ˵Ҫãʺ֮λ𣿡
ʺ΢˥ǲٵһְλˣʺΪһ׼΢ǹٹ磡
쿱۾޲Ҳ򽿶һȥϧȴǲҵģ򽿶ˣԼһСڳҪǵԼͷˣҪۼ壬쿲ҡ
һ˵Ĺλ;һǰֵ̣õġ
ǰ;һƬ壬ʮ֮Ѿ飬Ȼǰ;ģôġԼˣ
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ֻɾĻЩ̴ǵΣ鷿ڵƴȴ̲ס򴽵Ц
ʲ鷿ڽһԭƴǴֻʲôʱԼӦٳȥΧ룬ֻܽƯæ
Ҳãͽ̵飬Ҳ㲻ƴǵǶˡ
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ҺЩǱϸĳţʧ˷ִûϸ׷ʣϸ껹һӦأ
ȻˣڹСסһʱɺã
ٻȥҲеġ
ֻԼϸ̲סϮ˼Ĩ糺죬ԽֻµϣҪܾĻ˻ȥôҲ˵ڣֻֿĿ֮£ĵͷ
ֻҲͬż˼
ϸһƴǳ׶Ѿˣοϸأ
ϾҪΪȥ׼޸ϹϸģܲӦ»ûи䡣
ǰʱ¶ϸǻҲΪԵһԣҿϸ±˴⣬ֻҲֵóȫˣ
ãɽ㰲ˣ
ϸ꺦ߵĵͷֻҲͬϸ֮ͬվֻµҲ̲ס
͹ȻԶǵ׻Щģƴǵȥһϸһ֮ʲôӣǾѴˣڲһˣ
ϸסڹУǾͿˣ
¾ͷ·ԼİĹһ㣬Ļϲȴûע⵽ʱ˿ڰǧȴ̲סʧ
һ·һƴͬʹ࣬꣬Ҷǳ˫ԵģΨԼǹһˣ뵽⡭
ǧԺвɵøֳǻõģʱǻвͻȻĳ֣˶Ц·ֻҪвڣߵ˱ûʲô˵ˡ
롭
ǧ˳⡣
ҲЩ֪ˣϲһʲôо
Сһ˵ǣǺζ
뾹ȻǶ
кûд뿪ˣߵϢ
˵ԭĳ־ֻһеĴǵģǲǾͲġ

1055 

1055 
ǧⲻɵð˼֣ƳŽߵϸɬµĿҲƵ˱𴦣ãȻĲ֪η֮ʣֻѾϸǰȥѡ޵ˣҲڵĸš
ƴǴ鷿г֮ʱƼȻʧǧ
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ƴ򴽣ǹһĨȣͳɳƵǴż˿ζȻһ飿
ǧСƴǵߣȻΪͣʵ˵Ĺϵ׺񣬲ֵ֣ܰǱ˴˶Ա˴˵Ը˽⣬ǧĿɫƴǵбżȻǹȤ
ǧȴǳƴһۡ
ӣϷĺ𣿡
ãҲûа취
ҪȻ㿴˭ҵĹֱӸ֣ͻ飿ҪȻãѾ˼ңʣ¸СãЩСˣٹˣޱ͸㣬飡
ǧͷ˼Ĩ亹ƼƴǶϱ䣬ȻֻСߵ֪ǰƴǣǸůͰˣǧ谮̫ӣȴûаӣ͹˵Ѻദ󣬶ΪʲŵԸ䣬Į
ƴͻȻͬЦǧЩӦˡ
ôŹʺСóˣֱӭȢ빬˶ŮӢ֮ǧǷҲ¶˼Ц⣬ֵܶ˱໥Ȥ
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ƴĿĿǧ˴ѵеЦɣ˵ģѵûϲ𣿡
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ǧͲ˵Լµģ˵ĳܶƴǸǿкܶʱǵԵģǵȻʱ˿͸
֮ǰƴǣΪǧͲɾһ׮£Ȼˡ
СûģȻ˵߾ߣԼҲûܼһ档
ƴǻϲĻõģ·ֻҪ˲Ĵڣ˻Цϧ⣬ȴŮ飬Ҳǹ˾ϧġ
ȽƴǵĸпǧȻܶ࣬ЦŵĿǳƴЦЦԵɡ
ǸⶫԵֵȻˣ򣬱ǿҲûʲôý
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þܽ໥չˡ
ϸ֮ԸǺСʱľżĹϵģСĸֻֿʣ˹һˣϷ԰ӳϸԸ񣬲ϸûһ۰Լǵˣ㵨Сܲô¶ֻĹϸ꣬ôҪϸģ㲻ǹĺչˣҪϸԼǿ
ҪԸʣҪ߶һ˴Ժ棬ֹۣǻѻ
ϸ꣬ﰲս԰Ĵй䣬ʹ֮кܶĵطƴæµʱٳȥ漸Ȧúõĸһ³ķ飬ǺźܴĲͬأ
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бúԼĹϵ׽ˡ
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1056 С

1056 С
ֻϴ΢ЦҲûİοϸ꣬ǰѾȥˣԶٻˣҲܻڹȥ˵ҲźܴӰ죬Ӧá
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ֻ˵֣أаļˣδ޿ܵֻҪԸ⣬Իıκ˶ֺѡ
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ֲǹҪȥϷ԰ΪģֻΣôݹ㲻Ӧܡ
Ҫ£һֱģԺ㲻ǹһˣֻϸ֣·ҪԼĴݸϸůһ㣬ʵϣϸҲȷǱֻľٶůˡ
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˵һɣʵǸɶϣĴͬƿصһɰˡ
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жżҲŴС㣬еĴС㣬ŮҪѷɫֵģλҲĵλߡ
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ϧ껹δ֣ϼҲ֪ʲô飬ȻԼڧϼҼһҪɱۣ
ĺӣǷңͱ˱ˣֶ᲻ãʹɱ֣
òĻ˵ϼҼǸӣǸɥĲķӣ
ΪϼҼƣǻû֪Ψһȷǣϼûҵ۵ʬ壬ûд۵κε䣬ͺһʯͷ˴֮бû˰ˮ

1057 ǰ

1057 ǰ
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벻ʱ۵ĸоֻ֪ˣȤȲҪȥԽӴˣʲô츳쳣ĵطȥǸʲôãȻֶεץһų˵۵ģ۶籦
ŮǱȽ˽Ů˵İɡ
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һҲҵԴǰõԴԼ
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Ͳ䣬ǲ֪ģû뵽͹Ҫĳ̶ȣȻ۵ĺӶˣȴۣܳ
ǣԼ嶼ˣ
ȻԸ֣׶СĽãĴԼˣǶȻ׽Լ彻ȥģᡭȥ߱һϲԼˡ
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˵Ը̫ѣ֮ǰִδ뿪ţһ˵Ǳƭˣô޶ûطȥ
ƭ
ŵġ
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ȥƫ˾ͺܲˡ
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һβɣǱΡǻҵͽڵġ
ÿһܣŵʱ䶼һγ

1058 

1058 
ǲԸƫƫ֣ǿǿǳӲģĿᣬܻķңǻԹԾͷģǿȨߵʱ򣬲ɴ͹ͷ
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ڲƶ֮£Ҫչ书ܳʱ䲻űȻȻĳ˲£
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ҲȻûĻᡣ
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Ȼмαװ㲻ϳϾ˼αҲûαԼĸǰ԰ɣ
ôܲô࣬ԼС
ǣϼҼٰΪ֮ʣƶϣӧ˵Լ縺Ρ
ϼҼЩ񣬵Ǻܿı㷴ӦԸ񵥴棬˼ƴǵǰǺܺαװǲαװǣ򻻳˱˿ܻᱻƴǲ𲻱Ҫ鷳ߡ
˲֪ϼҼȴײ书֮ĳ̶ȣʲôҲܺܺõķӦŷӦԣҪǡ
ҵˣȻϼҲţɵײͬļŲɵĹϵĲ벻СıƴǸˣϼҼƵúܸɾԼȫûаϵҪ
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ϼұѰˣȻıԼž͸ˡ
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ϲİɡ
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ݷʱúܻϲݷʲôٿʲôڱĿ񣬿ݷʱ򣬲ģ˻һ㡣
ȷϲˡ
֮һֵǺ˵׼
˭뵽ŵҴС㣬ϼ֮ĵϲ
뾹ȻҪʹǸطˣò׹ƴǸȴ뾹ȻҪ뿪ʱֻ
ֻ˼ףǲϣԼΪ¶ʧһݺԵʵҲǸûˣͲԼܳˣֻǡȽϿ͸ˡ
˼ڱݷ۵ϵģݷдûйԼĴڡ
ݷע⣬ݷǶֻѣֻҪֻһ֣ݷеע
ȻУǺ˾ʧ᲻µġ
ֻݷģҲǲȷ֪顣
Ȼֻ˵Ҫٽ߾ȫȥԣǾ԰ɣҪĲԣܼԼص֮ҲǻŲĵġ

1059 ǰ

1059  ǰ
ǣֻȰ˵֮ˣʱݷ㻹ˡֻƴҪȥµ۵ǻչݷ㡣
үԸٸһλɡ
ôŵģȻ˵ǺܲԸҪչݷЩȤȴͬĨһ
ڿԺݷ˶Ļᡣ
֪ݷֻĸֻһԸֻУϲӦǻˣҲݲˣֻҲֻݷǵܵһչˣԲ벻ֻϲֻ
ɲǲᣬϲϲֻڣݷ䲻ԼϵģֻˡݷҪԼҲǲˡ
Ȼʵȴǲǰ˳
δ˶ã֪Լ뷨Ǵش
˵ֻڣݷ䲻˵ϣ˵ΪֻĴڣݷĿùһֻˣݷ㰵û˵Ĵˣ̸᣿
һΣڹȺõĲǳ׵ġ
һ꣬ǽݷ飬ҲӼᶨò»صŵľġ
澭ʲôֻҪصţ㻹ǸĴС㡣
뵽Өĺ촽㲻ԾͬԼкŵĵҲһӦЦŵͷʱ䣬ĵӦճأҲþöûмԼӦ˰ɣ
Ų졣
Ҵõȴء
ǧ㣬ûһ⣬Ǿǡĸףҵļŵ졭ûǰˣ
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ҴϿ̵죬æ˵źûԱߵҶҲǵͷſ˵ǰСף̰ʱҪɽҲɽģպһĽ̵һҲˣպСҪȥ棬ֱͬϷ˵һϷѡ֮ڴСߣ㲻ٵˣ
ǰǰ̫ˣ
ŵĵӵʵ֪ģܴСδ죬֮ڶȻнģ
ҵĳҲ׷׵ĸͣѣŭҵҲҪҷãð
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ո̤ŵδţԶЩǵŵò봽ǵЦݶʱʧǽţǻҼʶѰ˸طĶˡ
⣡
ҵ
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ողϻЦݵģһȴȫˣɥĿŴ֮۰Ͱ͵ĵȴŸλ岮Ȱ˵Ȼڲ̽Ųʱ򣬴֮ǰʼһԲȴٿתɫĸˡ

Ҵ΢΢Ƿš
𱲷˵ĳҲΪʱã˽Ƣڡ顭֤Ķŭˡ
ȴûиҴ˵ĻᣬֱӳֳŲڵķ򹥻˹ȥ
飡
һаһãȴѸٵĶܿʽ
Ȼ书ٸߣȴҲĶ֣ܣûֱӭĹֻ㹻òҪһ㣬ųӣ͵һȡ
ȿȡ
ȿȡ
ЩǱİ֣ɢųĿǶʱصĴ֮𣬳֮ʱεЦŵĻǰôǰ˰
󲮣壬塭
Цĳ˵ǰ̽ŵƳһɫҲͨͨͣ

1060 ؽ

1060 ؽ
ȰҴϣҴĵͷȻСѾƽĻˣˡСһΰɣ
СպȻٷˣ
ǰɴС㣡
ҴڲϣһŲʹʹɫ̻ŵĵͷԣԣԣˣҲˣĹһΰɣ
Ѿεľ飬Ѿòλǵж˴˲Ĭһһ˶Է˼ĳҲֵԸŲҴϡ
ǰξ˰ɣҶ˵
ǰҪǵŴСİΣСƽˣҵ飬ŵҲܳ׷Żصȥˣ˵
ͱִСˣĳ˵
ŴС糾͵ģҲ·ϳ˲ٵĿ࣬ŴСպһǽյĽѵˣ峤˵
ڶ೤໥ϣһһȴŲģ
ϵıȴδ͡
ξˣ
ÿβ뷸ȺǶ㻤ţ˵ξ˰ɣÿһζһΡ
츳ߣһнɾߵģǸŮҲ޷֮бŮ֮ĴҪصŮ츳书ߵͣҪеϣڲϵģԲŻԲϸ
ˡ
飬ɫҲδ͹֡

Ӵ֮³òһڣ
ڣ
ȥҷգպгۣ
һ˦뿪ڶ೤ͬŲ룬ãҴЦǺǵǰҪְ
ʲôõģֻܷԸһүүһ뾡취͹ȥ
ԣ
֮һȾƣ
ڶ೤ַ׷׵İο˲һ£Цӯӯ뿪ֻ²һ˹ԭأϵı޳ˡ
ȥҰ
ÿζȥҡ
ŵİҿɲֻǵûйߣ谵ô򵥣ڰҵŸָĻأһҪϹ˲ʣһһ鶼ģ˵ǹţ˵ĥš
졭
ҵ裡
ǰҲȥҹֻˣξȻҪ졭
Ƕ갡
һˡ
̰Ҫ͵͵ܵ˵ŵĵӺͳϿŵģʲô⣬βȻӴԼһ͵͵ܳȥҿûƽˣأ
һҪȡѵ
нп಻ȴԴĳŰȥĵֻĵҼŵ˵ĻȨɲñ˵
ߡҲȷ֪͵͵ܳȥȴȫĹҲΪŻ˶ŭġ
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ҵһɺгϼҴʱձҪԵˡ
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ϼҼʲô˵Цһ㣺Ҳʧܣ
ܱǸСֻ˻
¶͵͵㱨ϼҼֻʵݵ飬ϼҼ֪ϢҪԣ˿ĵȴ֤֮⣬ҪѼ֤ݵģϼҰĵҲһģȴҪѰһʵѡƣϼ̲Ȩһ֮⣬ҪǱڳ֮ҲҪԼߺͶĿֲԼʵ
ϼҼһֱҪ⵹ֻϻʺ֮λʣһƴǵĺӣǸʱ򣬱ƴǲͬ⣬ҲǿԷӤǻΪۣȨġ
ֻʵݣϼҼɹؼĵ㡣
ˡ
ǽĸֱ㹻ֻ޷ں󹬺Ͱǰ㣬ԡΪεĳɹϼҼνǻȥĹעһ
ڳ֮µİ׮Ƿ׷ȥƴǷֻһȥҵպֻԹǳ۴С򽿶
һгʱ˺ͣһӦȫ춼·ڰæϼҼǸֻƣֻƴѹͷӦû뵽
û뵽׼֮£Ȼʧˣ

1061 Ȱ˵

1061  Ȱ˵
ǲɵĽ
ǲǺ
ֻһ㣬ֻ̨ϼҼֶλ
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׼õ֤ݲûܰ⵹ǸֻϼҼİ׮¶ˣƴǺֻɲ˵һֻƵõڴǹ٣
ʲô
ϼҼĹڵϵϼҵӣ·ǺڿЦ
Բ𡣡
ǰ²ûü飡
ڵϵĵǸĵͷҲԼɵʧǶôһ飬ֻǹ˼ΣϺϼҼƻĺȣ
ʱϼҼؿڴһŻһ㣬̲ȥ²ںܣϼҼĿͻȻ˼ְ֣ŹڵϵĵǺȥ
ꡪ
ڵϵĵǶʱһѪ
ϼҼҴϿĴĿľæǰλģǰɣ
ʧҲȫǰ²棬ֻΪǸֻ̫ƻ˭뵽иһģһ˫̥ãһűʱ˻
ȽϱϼҼϼҴҪ侲ö࣬ҲĶˡ
֤֤ȷһʧҲ㲻ôһ˵ϼҼƵٺãҲûƵõǸֻȻиһ޵õġ
⻹֪Ϣ֮ܵģû뵽ةྐྵȻϼҲʮǰȥةฮŶڳ֪ôһ¶ġ
˭벻
Ҳ˭Ը⿴ĳֵġ
ǽЩǴҲѾɶ֣ǲûа⵹ֻǸֻ˵ʯ̺·ôһ֣Ҳֻ˵¶ˣʵμҴСݣƽ׵ֻһͷ֮Ͱѱ
ʯͷԼĽţžϼҼĳˣʵϼҴҲᵽϼҼڵ飬ǻ˭ᵭ
ϼҼһֱܳΪʺ󣬰ƿųԽԽﲻֱˣŭԽǿңϾҪֿɵãǰþȫûܿǽԼҪĶƵԽԽԶ־治һܳܵסġ
Īż
ϼҴʾϹŵ˵ĵȥԼȴϼҼǰ˹֣ʱֻΪƴǵĻʺҲһǻ¡
룬ʱϹɹвҪģ
ǰ
ϼҴϵĻǸϼҼ˺ܴѶ
Ϊʺ󲻹ǵ˸ƴϲϲʺ󣬶ֻƾ˵ˣ˻ӣǲ൱ʵȨ
ȻϼҴϿ֮ϼҼɫͻȻ˼֣Ŀ΢
ϼҴϲźۼһ˵ֻĴӣʱҲض
ռλãֻǰǣҲܻᰭˣ̫£ƴǶסǵѹͬѡʱһ빬ȫŮӣƴۻңǡ
⣡
ڡ
ȻĴǺܺãǻʺ֮λˣ̫֮λҲֻĶӸռȥ
Ƿ¶˫ԵģǶãȴҲźôģֻʹû£֮еȺûнҪϴѡôں֮УҪԸĵˣֻֻһ
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ϼҼüţȴǽϼҴϵĻ˼飬ġ

ϼҼϵı⣬üĽĿϼҴϣƴǵ塭
ֻһ仰ϼҼѾϼҴ˵ʱǲֻӵ鷳ģǽص档
ҪУһҪƴܽӴģƴǵ塭
ϼҼüĲɵšһš
ƴǼҽεʱƴǻԣ˸̽飬źľ綾ֶҪֻǻʧȥǷӶ١
ټϺΪ۵ѪԵʡ
Ѿƴǵﵽһ̶ȣӣǺͬҲõİɣ
ƴϵĶǿԽ⿪ģ
ϼҴϹ˹֣Ҳ˵ưƴڵĶǵǼưģǲȥģֻƾŵҽҲ㹻ˣ

1062 

1062  
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ϼҴһ٣峺ҲһĨ⣬˵ߣڵĹƳ棬ǿѹƵģϹĺӽҲ˹ƣĸڣʲôأ
ŵҰĲһգǳı꣬ϼҼĴ֮󣬱㽫Ŀ˳ϣȻʸ߷ڣȻǲܺͬ۵ˣϼҼ㽫ĿҰĲưϡ
Ȼưһ㶼ûʧ
õҩúͺ¸׵ֶӣºɱȻʺȻʺ󡭡
ϧưӹ԰̫ӦǺܺõĺ飡
ϼҼɵЩ꣬ưŽĿƴǵϣҪ֪ǻѡƴǣ֮ǰ㲻ذưԸƴˣ
Ūƴǵ徹⣡
Կɣ
ϼҼüɿĿĵĿϼҴϣµİ취õѡˡ
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ϼҼϣϼҴȴѯʵϼҼǹƳѹƽҩǲҲҪһ͹ȥ
ֻҪ˺йصĹƳҩֻ˳оƴǺݷϵĹƳ澿һ֣ҲҩպѰҵʱҲӦźܺõ׼
Ȳˣ
û뵽ϼҼȻ붼ûֱӾܾϼҴϵ飺͡
պеĺӿϴСʹŹƣҲҪʱǵõӱֱӸǺӽƾͿˣôóȻĴȥҩƴǵĻܻᱻƴǲ쳣ߣδ߶ĸƵʱӹڱ¹ߵڵʱ򣬶ǱŵģֻҪ׳ǣֱȥ˽ҩʵ䷴ˣ
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ϼҴ뿪֮ϼҼĴȴǹһĨζЦݡ
ϼŹʦ黹һԨԴģŶԣǹʦϼҵģǡţ1
Ҳֻƴǰʵף׵ǷӣĹŵĵ书ǿѾǼˣسֻԵǿ
ǹ鹦ڶ֮ǰϼҼŵĲµʱżȻȹһ꣬ԭΪֻʧɽԣĵһ仰Ҫ
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ϼҼЦѯ궮ʲôҪʲô
ΪʱǸ꿴ʵǡʵ̫ˣݵĺһȥһ㣬ϼҼǲʲô¿԰æԼġ
ɲϼҼûаķŭɫʼһĵȻֻĴӴмһ֡
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ɲ룬żȻȻ꣬Ȼڿ˵ԼǶùƵģ
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ϼҼе𾪲Եĺһ㣺˵𣡡
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ǲȴĪţڿϼҼķӦʱֻɫȻٶҡͷҵ˼ǣҲֻǻƣ¹ƣ
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ϼҼδüĴЦݱϣոջڸˣ;ǰڴţ뻹δüЦͻȻ֣Լ뷨Ƕôش
˼˵ˣֻǻƣ¹ƣ
ҪδʺûʲôͬģϼҼȴǴӵ伮Ͽġ
һʢУΪҪϸЩ˸ﲻҪȻҲ޷ΪһĹʦˡ
ЩֻǻƣЩ˲Լƣֻȥƻţ˸ֳɵģ
ɴ˿ɼѡ
ǰ꣬Ȼݰ׵ĺԼ˵ţƣ¹ƣ
ô档
ڿЦ
ϼҼٶ
ⲻİɣҪĻҲϵڱ
ŷɥǰĶ¹ƵĻպĹҪܾԼĿˣ

1063 ҽƲּ

1063  ҽƲּ
˭ֻҪϼҼֱǰ¹ƣܹԹˣ
ٳȵˣҲǲɵϲһһ㣬ɲȴϼҼʱһˮͷϣЦҲɢʧ
˵ȷǶùģҲ¹ƣǹƳȴûôһõĹʦһֻһֻưˡ
Ҫ˶µ֣ǺܵͼĹƳ棬Ҳױʱҽƽ⡣
ҽʵǲּҵģ
Ҳǰ¡
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Ȼ࣬ôеģоС
걻ϼҼصϼңһֱţҪʲôֱӻ͵ǰ
ּϼҼĻֻҪ˵һֱӽ⿪δϵĹƳ棬ȻˣǻƴǷʲô
ϼҼɲٴʧƴˣǴˣ治֪ܲҵôʺϵˣ
ϼҴЩҪ˵ڣվǵ˴߱˻ȥģϼҼԸ˽⣬˵ҲãȻˣ㲻˵ˣûϼҼ
á
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˺ӣǺܹƳ֮࣬ˡҲǲʲôӹ
Ѿһ̥ͬ˹Ƴ̥ʱǶ˺˺öſ򵱳ϼҼܲƴǵͬͬ
װ˷ĺûᡣ

һλ˹Ƶ̥ǻѲˡ
ŮͬڹŹһ⣬Ѳǻϱ֮ˡ
ϼҼȴ˿ֻһ˼Ȩƺ棬ֱ顣
ϼҴ˿ģδЩۡ
ȻˣΪȷЩ޸ĸͶģվǸĺӣϼҼô࣬ȴһֱûܱúõչţȻҲǱϼ³ΪһС㣬ǱеĴС㣬ӹĲһĲҡͨ˼ҵĺأ뽡֣
ڣпʱס
Ƶ
ɫ԰ףЩȵŶǰ㱨Ϣ
˵˵ʲô
ЩԼĶ䡣
ȴǶĿֱӵѹε˵ū澵ȷǴ̽ˣģһȺ󳼹ڻϵ鷿ǰָʺ˵ʲôʺǰǸǽˣֻðģϻʺ֮λ
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ӡ
Һ̶ܴϣ¶ȻȨ
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¶ûϼҼ㱨һϢǲ֮ᴫԼźʱ㲻ڳƵ̷ˣҲȻضЦӭҸھͶˡ
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ֻǿˣʵȴһ㶼
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пģǹҪĮԼϹϼҴС㣡
ŲҴңһ·Сŵĸš
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¶õĿڣȻ˯ۿǰ˵ʱȴʶһ޺
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ʲôʱģԵķҪʲô

1064 

1064  
еŭʹԼϵıƽĿ¶˵˵㲡ˣ㡣
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ѯʣһʱ֮䵹¶Щ˼ŸͬʱȴȻӭ̧֡
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ԭҪԼڹзܶʵ޲ߵʱó㱨ϼҼԱı
¶ã͵͵ԼĴ㣬Ȼ㱨ϼҼͣ˿ûнԼУ
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䣬ǸģȻô˸ưһԽţеŭʢ޲ٺݺݵĴ¶ƣǷ죡
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¶˵еķŭȥı˻̿֡
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ϧϼҼˣܾôĪˣȻûа취ϼҼǰǡ
˲ˣҲǿԵİɣ
߳޵һ·ϣһֱŵǸβźۼĴ¶ȴᱻϼҼˣͬʱ
ͬʱҲЩ˵ġ
ϢǴ˭ĿдȥģֻΣѣıȥԼ治󻯣ҲԿģҲУ

1065 ʧȻ

1065 ʧȻ
ȥ̽һ£鷿ǱߵĶˣ
еҪֻ֪³Щƴˡ
ϼҼԼ˽ĵ뷨һ㶼ûд
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˭ϣ¶ǻ˽ĵġ
ƴǳĻʵۣѾƴǵĹˣǰ;ôĸԸϼҼİڲΪ˻ȨƵĹأ
Ͼ֮ǰôҡ
ϼҼͱԹޡ
ȥʲôϼҼƻɹ֮ȻԼЩץסǰĻᣬסڡ
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ƴǵĽӴ࣬ȴҲǴŶƴǵԸ˽⣬ǾԲ˵ͷģЩǱƵüˣܻܿƴҲҪܵǣһƴǲԸ˱ŷϺ󣬶Щ󳼱Ҫƴλôã
ڷⲽǵ˵ͷĳ޵ĴĴˡ
ܿģӰ³ǰԶԶȥƼɫ̫ãҲ˲鷿ʲô𣿡
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ˣ
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ȻǺûдƴǾͲ˳ӵԸ
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һԽԼϢȫ˵˸
ʵϸֻòȫһģֻȫһģûа취ϿкܶòˣΪѪ飬ҲΪԵ֣ԲһģһˣһģһˣǾ˫ӣ
ֻϸױ϶ֽţ˿ŷֵһֲͬܺܺõĶסЩǵ죬Ҳֻ˵¶
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ֻǴĺԼǰˣ
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ôõĿ԰ᵽֻĵƣȴΪ¶ļװ׵˷ѣһ㶼ûϸĳﻮãֱӽ¶Ϊִٺ׼Ĳֻ⣡
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ֻҪһʧ˸õĻᣬĿʹ
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ϼҼ̫ڼˣǶԼƻûʲôôֻƴеĵλѾ̩ɽҪ׵İ⵹ֻҪúõĳıУóóȻǾԲˣ
ɲպкõĻʱ򣬻¶ǸѾͷȡ֮㱨ϼҼҪı֮ǰҪȽ¶ǸµѾͷ
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ģ
СţûЩֶǶȻеġ
ͶٶǶһЩҩģǳϼҼע⣬ڼʹ֮ǰŴ˲ٵҩɵó

1066 

1066 
ҪҪȻȥϢһ£
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ֹǲãֱǼ
һ仰ȴ΢΢и⣺ȥϢ⡭ȥϣһҪϣ˵ˣǵ̥ʱµĲһ棡
ܲپܾģ
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ȴ˵ģ¶ҩ֮⣬аҽ˲ٵġҩۡ
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һϣǺоģͺǵһ㡭
Ľ̴ľϻҩȡһЩŽ޽¯зգ޵ʱƮ˵ǲϸĻǶȻᷢеĶߵģֻǲõģҪˮŻЧ
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ȲҪõƴǵĳңȲҪƴǵĺӣ
Ӱȥ˺ܾãڴҲĵ˺ܾããε£ٶȼӰ֮ڡ
첽ǰɵĹǰѾķԸˣ¶Ѿҩûʲôɣǲϼū澵ģū澱һֱ鷿ǰֿزĻϺ˵һ֮㣡
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鷿ǰŵĴҪϺ飬ǺѲ˹ϵĪĹ
ǰƴֻ֪Ұȴ֪Ȼڳ֮аôߺɿǰĴԼԣô󳼶ŵģ
ȻųĴ󳼵ЩǱõġ
ǣҲɵƴǲӣ
ƴǽüš

1067 

1067  
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ȥ֮ǰƴȥһ˳Ƶ
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ЩµŵҪϺĴȻֻס죬ǺкܶҪƴȥܴãӦôġ
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мҪ
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ƴǻδ˵ֻѾƴŵģЦˣôˣ
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ֻŴüۼЦĿƴǣѲΪƼ˳檵˫ϸꣿ
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ƴԭǽŵģֻȤ֮ȴ̲ס͵͵Ц˳Цֻ̲סҡҡͷȴͳ磺û취
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Сʻ괬仹ǶĻֶεŮˣӦʱ̷š
˵ƴŹƳģֻǱֻҩѹȥˣ˭֪᲻һ벻ƴǳʲôֻ޵ʲôûܹƴǳɹƴڵĹƳֻˣǿǿ޶ûеطȥ
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һƴǻǵ˵ͷͬ⣬ûа취˭ֻԼһʺأԼҵĻʺֻԼš
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ϣ檺ÿ𣿡

1068 С̫

1068 С̫
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ƴǵĿ佱ֻǸˣּĿ⾼š
񣡡
ƴٴŵ˵ͷǸոֻ֪˺ãС̫ģʱƴҲ΢΢һ㶣һӾͿֻٰģ
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֮ǰƴһֱģϾǾԼˣԼžĶ飬ƴǵǸмģȻֻƴǲ֪Լʵ֮ǰĿ
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ƴǺŽֻ˷֮ȴһֱĴСĽĴš
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1069 򽻵

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ƴǵ˵ͷȻ˺ľԲԣҲá
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˵Ҫһģոյ˷ɵã˻û˵ʲôȲ뿪ˣ
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Ҳȷǣ
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빬֮һֱڱأοЩūˣ
˵䣬ѾԼķ䣬ƿţָϵմɱ˵ˮˣǾÿڿʱԼȥɣպҲҪЪһЪǰҸۻˣ
ɲǰۻˣһ¶ȥϣһûţųŻϺŵĹ˿ϢһȻţҲǲ书ģһ죬˫ʵˡ
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ֻһĲˮͻȻԲϣֱߵǰŵŸˣ
Щüʲô
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ҪǰֻǸС̫࣬ǶҪ󺰴н˶ˣһС̫൹ûʲôĵطŴ򿪣
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УΪʲôôãûܿ¶أ
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ˣҪö˵»ЩѶȵģʱޣںͶ˼붷˷ʱ䣬ֱֻӶ֣ҩ۽öҲʡʱʡ
ԽָҽָɲǾôֻģҪõطȥģ


ֻ̽ŵĶĶ˰ֻֻ֣ǻеĵ˵ͷūڣ
ܺã
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ԭо˻̱ҩ۵ģͷһоʶȴʶĻشҩˣ
ҵģΪֻС
мҪ㣬һҪʵĻش𣬷򱾹ǻͷģ
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ֻ׷Ҫѯʵһһʵǲ빬ʲôıģǼҪڳʲô£
ֻڴĿڣǰĶȴҡҡͷ֪

֪
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׼ôˣȴ֪
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ŶŶҩʹʱ˸ʽҩҩ۷жҩҲǹģ
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֮ԶԹƳĪ޲ߣҪΪǴǰδʶƳ棬ԹƳ˽⣬ãȻ֪İ취ֻҵо֮Żóۡ
ŹƳĻ²ǵƴϵǸҲҪ
ֻҪǹƳùֻǰϸоһ˵ҵ⿪ƴڹƳİ취أ
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ޱĶ΢΢üǺܿģΪѱѹȥָֻ֮ǰãȻͿնûС
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1071 Ϣ

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ҲΪ̫ҪˣԲŻڶǰ¶ɫöҲ֪Щ
ڣкܶʦ𣿡
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ֻɵһ׸ˣʲô֪֪ҲֻǴӱ˿ϢûʲôʵԵãҪֻԼֲܲ鵽ˡ
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ֻһ·˷˺üȦŸһصƵ
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1072 һ

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ƴǵƽֻ˵ص飬ͬԷˮһ˾ƽǴ͸ѹȴĪĴ˸һĵȻȥֱƴǵ
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ָڶ󳼽ҷֻʵ顣
ֻܵʲôֶνˣȴǼֻֻֻǳλ꣬ϧװ״ʧȻ˵ôڳϦ֮ƣȻҪƴǻɵġ
ƴǴͿƭ
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еʱѻ˵ĶˣΪѵʱûˡ
Ҳһֱ
ƴѾƶ飬ʱϣ⣬ǻƴиӷУˣֱϴƴǵ˸̹ӡ
Ƭ˼֮䣬Ѿ˾꣬ƴǵǰϣԲ𡣡

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ǻʺ׼빬˳棬򲻸ҶԻʺ΢ʵģҡҽյһԻʺûκεвǳ檣ƽ׵ĵ˻еᣬġ
ǶԳ檰ôûе鰡ôܻ

ƴһݣʲôƴǺģɣε鲻ŪģУһǴ뷨ģֻʱųķֱˡ
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ƴǵӰԶȥ޺޵ҧиģǷƴ˵ЩʲôԭŻƴǸı⣬ԼûܳΪʺأ


ŻŵĽţСĹԣϲ֪ʲôԭûŭأɲʱȥùͷūڣкηԸ𣿡
ҸҲ֪£ʲôԲƴǵ𣿡
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ϼҼȻŸŮ֮ģ֮ȴûа㸸Ů飬˴֮Ҳ޷໥ðˣ̸ʲô̹棬ܶʱ򣬿ܶ˵鶼Լ˵Ķࡣ
֪ǵѡ̷ģɼ֪ǼලģҲ㣬ʮҪϵǰ̣δҸȫˣǻ֪ͼ㲻ҪϺŪ鱾
أöЩźͻţæ֮Ѿ˵ϣԶ׺񣬶׵ģȻǼɹˣǸô꣬ѾΪū澵ˣʲô飬ҲӦȺ㱨Ȼ˽Ժͼ˵лģ
ŶޱȽŵģ
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Ϸʱ˵ͱԼñΪʺˣñϸ룬ʲôԭŻûϸı⣬Ҳһʱ벻Žűһġ

1074 ɫ

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⼸վҪ׼ˡ
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1075 ͼޣ1

1075 ͼޣ1
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1078 м
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ֻĽ֮ƴǽüɿüҼЦ⣺ֻһӶ֮ȥӰˣ
仰ƴ˵ķԷθ
Ѱ˼ҵĻʺǰͲûֻԼһŮˣֻƫƫҪУƴǴӦһǴҡڵİڹУǲǵŰһ£̼һ񾭣ܴ˵ȻʼĴעˣ
Ҫ֪ڹ֪᲻ڵӦϼҼ빬
ֻ˫ȴгһ϶ҡҡͷϣôô˵أ
ǳͷһӶ֮ȥӰأ
ϾϹ·òã
ƴĵ˵ͷá
磬ϹԻŵĽΪɣȥŰɣ
ƴ˵ĸ֣أֻȴѾЦ˻
ĺƴദľˣܶҲܺƴ뵽һ
ԭƴǾȻҲҪȥһţֻǲԼڵĿˡ
ţ
ƴóڡ
ǳ֮Żŵģ
ⶼˣ
ƺֻ֪һ㣬ƴϮЦ⣺ӻҺ䲻ͬҵĻţǿ£
ֻ
ðɡ
ǻϣ˵Ļʥּ˵㣡
ǻϣȥ֮ǰҪȥһϹ׿ڽ˵Ϲҳ檻ҪװС̫ڻߣֺֻõĿƴǡ
ؼʱֻ̣ƴǵɫмˡ
ֻƴǳֵʱŻɾ裬򡭡ֲõˮ©Щֻֻȥ費˵֡
òã
ƴεҡҡͷûش𣬿ǳȴѾ˵һС
û취ԼĻʺֻԼţ˵ʲôţԸʲôȥʲô
Ҫ˸˵ġ
ھȥ
ֻȣȻƴǵĶͷȴĨߣиżĲʣ鲻ԸҹɫѾˡ
̫ˡƴǵͳɳƵ𣬱ĻϵĻʺ󣬶ԼżôûӣĻʺǺãӵ飬һԼĹŨȤ
ƴЩơ
ֻȴûƴǣȥõӰɼᶨղغõС̫ʹˡ
磬ֻһԼѣһͬҵƴ˵ںã߲巽£ӰҪŵðˣ
ƴǣ
ƴЩģԼĻʺôף
ϹϢˡƴѰ˸ڣ֮⣬ҲþϢˡ
˵ʱֻѾ̫ķ̴óˣᡣ
ƶͺֻʱڷƼĶһ㡣
ϹŲ˯ô磬Ǵʱڷ˼ҹλôȥأ
ھȥ
ֻЦеŴһȴ²ţмҪЧӣȥҪԵͻأһЩ

1079 ʲôص

1079 ʲôص
ȥûǰкһϲɢעֻٶԶ֣ɫڣ߿̫Զж
Ķ̲ס˸ܾм֣ĴһȴҲƲȻ
ò
ֻƴǵڣ
ƴǿֻڵ˫еЦ⣬ε̾˿ˡ
Ȼƴûֱӻش𣬵ǳȴѾ˵һУƴķſֻ޹ǵŷȥֻҲЦӯӯĸƴǵ

ҹĻĺϣ޵ڵĹȴδϨ𣬷޵յһ㡣
ڻľİԣһĺ⣬֪˼ʲôҲһСֹţ˵ּҵĴСأּҵЩŮɶǱʺŸֶַκ
Ǹͻʺһ۵ĹﱻӵסôãּҵĶСȻǱΪ˿޸ĻΪʺ󣬿ɺּûܶŮǻˣ
ֻһ˵뷨ǳڶǧҲ˰ɡ
˵۹Ƿڳ֮УŮĵ޷ǲνײ裬˭ҵĸλȨأ˭ҵɷǰƽ˭ҵĶгɣֻΪĻʺΪȻ˳ڶǧ෹۵صˣ
˵Ҳ֣¼ôܻгôأ
ūԶԶȥǸ˵ּҴСǸͻʺֱһģ̳ģ˫ãҲ˰ɣ
˫
ĻƺǸ˸Ѷ
òãִСͻʺòе졣
ٿػعüĽšĿŶ˵ԼеɻǰЩʱֻʲôϾֻ峺㣬ΪԸҲǼǿϸͲһˡ
ԴֻֻǳڷԼݣϸӵʹоס֮Ҳźȥһϸģ
ǽȻַͬ
ȻһģһòϸȴûаֻӰӣģ·һ紵ܴһ룬ģϼҵһˡ
пһ
ϸϼҵǸòϵûʮʮ󣬿ȴǺϼҵλһޡ
ҲΪƼϸ꣬Ȼôһ¶ĲԾ
е죿
ɻĿȴ˼˵Ļ󡭡˫ҲѸٵĵɴ󣬺촽΢΢˿˵ôһ˵֮ū澵ľãִСʺǵ񣬲ֻԸʣòҲ񣡡
ˣ
Ǻ
ˣ
˵ĸŮΪ
ѵ
ϵıҲ𾪣иһͷȻȴû̫ʱ˵ģһ޵滺ֵӰǽеɻѹȥת˿ϲ
ƴǡ
ôˣƴôᵽķˣ
ѲƴҪˣ
޵֣ϲɵøĨΣԺҲ֮ƴǸݿݣͿš
ȥ׼һ£
ЩæҵķԸţĿ˷ܵĵͷǣ
ū׼
˵ĹƴǵӰѾǰ֮ģаСֻ̫
ƴǴǵĿ뵽ǰѾĸƴǵǰ檸밲
ôôˣ
ôϹǲӭ𣿡
ƴͳдԣĪĿС¹ײԽִûûС
ûвӭϣֻǡֻ̫˻һʱ֮Żʧ˷ִģϲҪ֣
롭
ƴ뵽˺῿ţƴһͬʱգû뵽ƴǻʱ׼ûУʱױݼţŵҲֻľ޵£ûҩ۵Ĵá
ƴǺòһΣǧƴǾôˣ
ҧŴȴţȥЩҩ۸ȡü
ƴɫȻĽĲ豭ӹ޳ָɲ豭ĳԽԵùǽڷƽ׵һķ羰վһԣĴƴǵķӦ
װС̫ģֻǺϴһ·
ۼƴע֮ٶȿ˶ǰЦֺõ˵㣬Բ𰡣

1080 Ķ

1080  Ķ
ϴū̫СˣŹ˶һ⣬ȥ֮ūбֵĺڣһֱҪҸûͶ
ڣûþϹˣҲڸū򶫶Ļᣡֻͷ͵ļͣΪҹɫ̫ڣվ£ƲֻòֻеİͽȴǺ֮ġ
붫һҪūһᣬūպҪնУ޷ĵ̷ڻϵˣ
ֻһһͽֺãͽ컨׹ˣŵʱһ̷ֱߵѾߣҲݼͣ˹֮ܳ裬ŷЩҲܴ
еǹ߻ݸ߲ȵ͵ģûмҷѾǿִ󷽵ķˣҪ˵ֺˣֻŶģͷһֲô˶ϲͽţԭŵĸоȻ˺á
ʵͲֻˣȴɱű顣
ߣ
ֻһֱӽת˹ȥֻɱˣҵ·
ֻ֮ƴҪĿľΪ˴ӶĿ׳õĻôô׵ö뿪𰡶㣬ǻСĵˣ
Сĵܺù𣡡
㡭㣡
ֻ˼תתŶڵѵƬ̹Ѿ⣬ͳһöµķĵĵݵ˶ǰСĿǴʮĳģ붫ᣡ
ȵĿֻķиɢŹ
óɫҪٵӰɣ
Ȼڻ̷ŵˣֶ󷽣
ֻټʮķöҪֲ֣סˣ
ĵĽֻݹķ棬ת°͵Ŀֻǿ˵ˣһΣ´ǻǰ㽫ԼƲˣʶģҿԺ󶼲ˣ
úúã˵ǣ֮ǰǲҲǺ»ϻͻȻūţūҪǲڲҪ𣡡
첻ˣôˣ϶ȻҪЪϢڷģūŵҲͰˣ
ֻдЦĿŶ㣬硭ūźȱϢϢô
ô¶ķϣ߰ɣ
ֻĺô̵İ֡
ͷֻǵЦĸˣЦǺǵĸ˶󣺡ϣл㣡
ٶȵ˶޵䣬ֻҲ˼֣ڵֻ裺һȲɣˣȱȲůůӣ
ãл㣡
ֻӦľãƳһ˷ܵױͭǰŵĶٶȻĹ˷š
ȴ˿δֻ֣һ˼Ƿֻ͸ķ棬̲סŮ˶µֲʲôôȻ˺Σ̲ס
ֻ̧ͷеҩȾ׼ˡ
㣬ⷢλòԣūžãҪԱŸÿһЩ⣬ϼ亣ʻڷ֮ϣҪӳס
ðá
ֻ飬Ǻܸ˵ģ⧲̧ͷͭƼ˾ֻҪ˵ĻҲôֹסˣҶֻ񣬺һһ

һηСֻ̫ʱ򣬻Ҫ𾪣
ʷǾ˵ơ
ٿվ㵵Ŀֻ㣬㣬㡭
ʡ
ŶԣǱ
ǲǾú⣿
ϲɣ

һ㶼
Ǿ֣
ֻȥûи㷴ӦĻᣬֱӽеҩ˶ǰֵ̣٣ٶȱãȻ͹ɡ

ֻ̽ŵĽ˼ҩЧѾãŷ㼸⣬һҪʵĻش𣡡
ã˵ͷʮϡ
ֻǵЦʧתѰʱκϵģ
ϵʱҪİӡǵģ͵͵ںԺ˼ֻӣҪʱǱ㽫ҪϢڸӵϣӡǣü֪ˣ
ӡʲô
ֻͷһ
Ǻǡʵ
ֻȴεļУɫŽĿʵУ¶ʲôط
һĴæҲֻû뵽ȻǰĺֱӶ¶֣Ҫ¶һΣֻбĿҪ¶

1081 Ϊ

1081 Ϊ
׻˵ĺãûоԵĵˣҲûоԵѣֻ㲻档
ǲ¶Ǵĵߣݲ¶ˣǡǡΪһ㣬ֻܽ¶չ鼺ãҪҩڶǿ
¶öӣֻŵڲŸ˽⣬ʱʱڹؼʱ̸һ
̫ˡ
˺ЩĮص˵ģĮص˶˽⣬ʲô飬ǣ׽ȴһˣΪ֪ÿһ㣬һ˺úõã㹻˺
¶û¶Ҳˣ
ĿնķԸ֮󣬱¶ҩҩЧͺԼһ㣬ҪһЩʱģֱӳȥ˷֣˽¶ֱ̧˺ԺĲֿ⣬ˣ
ڷֵʱǾͿ¶ͻ֢ﲻմȾϵѵĺܸɾ
ֻĵͷ֪֪Ϣû뵽Ȼȼƻס
ն¶ֻڵھȥױǰͭã
ã
ֻ涫ͷˣպܺãԴ˹Ŵ֮󣬱һֱùŴ纷ǷԼִ纷ļɣƯɣһ̬
öб˶ķ֮ϣֻȥժԺļ꺣Ļб˶ϵķϣڶǰ˼ˮ顣
ŵͷ㡭㣬ô
عֻ벻ѣʲôһ㣬ۣڶͭԼķ֮ƣжˣֹ֮סľϲ
ۣû뵽ôã
纵ôõķ
˶Ŀޣͷֻ΢һĨȣˣϲͺá
ϲϲأ
æĵͷȴɻ󣺡ոôˣ
Ϊʲô㶼벻أ
˵С̫Լ纷ȴôҲ벻С̫Ӧ֮ˣ֣
ֵĸоÿμСʱ򶼻С
෴ĲֻǺܵȻŲæĽ͵㣬
ū纷ūŸն˵Ҫһū纺ٽ
һ
Űɡ
ðɣȷǱ˵Ūͷһ飬˯Ҳпԭ飬ôʲôȲԼһö÷һͷõķʽҪӿˣлˡ
ˣҲˣһ֪֣òҲ֪
ֻǰС̫֡
ֻЦŻش𣺡㣬ūСӾͺã⣬ūŵòūСʱ˲ûΣҲ˰̺ۣˣҺûϲūźţΪ˴Һãŵˣūűϰߣնͷ
Ǻò𣿡
ūſҪԱĲҼˣ
û
ûУ
ֻ˵䣬æİ֣иһΣûУûҪ˼
ڹǼįò˸ϲ˵ֻôˡ
Сǰɣǲ̧ͷҿòұ㲻ˣʵҲõģɫģŬڰοš
ֻЦЦ
ˣūҲˣĸվڷˣȻϷҪˣ
㵹ǿԺúõϢϢ캮ūƤžͿˣôҶ㣡
ֻ
ŲҪһȥһȥҪڷվźþõƴӦˡ
ҪϽȥ°æһ¡
䣬Ǿ罫¶ӳҽξͺˣҲ֪ܲεúãεúá
ĺ𣿡
ЩɵĿֻȴǱֻĻůˡ
ȷ̫ˡ
Ѿѩ
ϴĺأȴɵֵס纮ǰŵʱûôĹأҪվ޵ҹ˻ʹ֮һȴȫˣ֮ǰﻹãµ˳ҲЩԲˡ
Ҳ书
ϼҼҪȴɵ
ŮҲǸбµģǴʱͲôԹˣ
ֻǲĹŻﲻʲôæ
ûµģ
ûµģֻЦŽ͵ǲʹ֮вã

1082 

1082  
ԲŻԹĹزǺܶŶʱ䳤˾ˣ
ūҲˣҹصģվһ˶Ҫëˣƽʱڻϵ̷ţҲǿԶ͵еģǶû㱻ˣ
ֻĻһһ㶵ģѾֻ
ʵ̫ˣҲĲţҲ֪ҹﻹ᲻ѩòױСôÿķ٣һѩ˾Ͳˡ
Ǻðɣ
ǾͶлˣ
ԥʧȻֻ飺СȥŰɣŴȥ㣬˳ٸůӣҲůһ㣡
ϣ
ֻ˳˷ţڵ˫ĿȴɢŹ
ŲҴҵĳŷĴȥô죬˭ƴǺվҹ˭ɵӣ
ִֻˣûйŴЩ˵ĹأȽ֮£Ƶһɹ˱ʷҪĶˡ
ߡ͸öɲֻҪֺöô򵥡

˼űˣǿ¶̬Ⱦֳˣ¶Ȼ͵͵ϼҼ㱨ϢΪŵĴС㣬ȴԼ֪Ϣ֮ȥ㱨źܴĽˡ
ֱӶ¶֡
ôǸʡ͵ĵƣԽСģԽöԸ
úԼģܽƷ裬ֻ֣
ϲöӣ綼пһ죬Ƿ󣬲ǶʸģоͻỳɣķǴӺζ
˭ģ
ǲҲųԼŵ档
˼֮£ҲԶ֡
ʱ򡭡
߿ɾûʲôˣ
ֹԮֻ֣Ҳġ
ѾﵽĿģֻľҪϽ뿪Ƿ֮أ˷ˣ
ŴŵСֻֻ̫֣ɻԴȴǲŵģֻڷֹʹʲôʱôӵС̫ˣ
ϻδأȻһߣһζ
Ѳǻϵ˼
ⲻԾϵǾ֮𣬳ô̷˶ûأ
ΨһеС̫໹Լˣ
ŵС̫ҡҡͷЩֺԼʲôϵأ
ֻǸŵģЩϵɺԼûаϵӦܺԼ죬ȻԼĴͷˣ
С
ǾִٵĿƴǣôƴҪˣƴôãҲֻԼ޵桭Ȳ裿
Ҫȶã
ƴǹֻҪԼ޵кȲɣ
ҧź壬վ̽ŵǰѯʵϣҹˡ
ҪȻ̷ϢɣҪյ糯ġ

˵껰޵溰ȥҪƴ׼һЩˮϴ֮ľޡ
ɲһֱǳòˮƴȴǷ޳ָ֮µյɫȻٶȿڣϹ
ΪΪʲôûзŭأȴñƴǸסˡ
ϡ
ƴ⣬񴥵һͷƴǣڡ
ڴƴǿڣǲԡҲǿԵġ
ƴȴüĽ˵Ļ
ϹҲһʱ˰ɣ
΢΢Ƭ̣ǵ˵㣺ǰϣѾأ
빬ˣƴȴһζδô
ҪƴˣŷҩƱҪƴǳһҪһеģ
ĵ
ƴȴüĽšĿڣѰŮӳޣ㶼Ҫŵģ
ϧ޵񷱶࣬һֱҲûʱϹ޵ˡ
ãȻˣ֪ƴǵҪʲô
ϡ˼ǡĿƴǡ
Ҹӣ޴Űɣƴ俴ףȴǳˡ
ءţ
ڿЦ
ȻСûнܹõչ˺ͽ̵Ҳ˹ˣ׵ЩҲЩ˽ˣȢҪŵ
˳׵ȷҪջš
ǵ֮ǲõġ
ĸԺҪÿӭȢһҪţǻϲʲôˣĴˣЩļ绹ƫԶôһ߻ܵˣ
Ī˵ˣʺҲûлŵʸġ
ڡ
ƴǾȻ˵ҪԼš
һʱ֮Ȼ˷Ӧˣ֪Ǹø˻Ǹõˡ
ϡ

1083 Ǿô˵

1083  Ǿô˵
Ҫͬƴ˵ܾ
ʲôطģ䡭仹ƴ㣬ϼҼ˴׵ĸһĴڣҪǾôţֱӱϼҼ̻ˣ
Ѿ޸ƴǣδҸƴǵϣɲƴǾô׵ˡ
ǱϼҼ˲ҪƴˣĴһôأûôɵƴˣƫ˴ԼϼҼϡ
ƴᣬȴǴü֮¶ƶͼ֣ܡ
ô
Ϲϣȥǰļʲôģ
Ϲʲô֮
ƴšüųɽͫеĿϡ
⼸仰ǰסˡ
ϣƴȥǰļʲôģǴƴӣ⳯Ĺûһȥģ㲻ǳĹƴҲȥõģһֱϼҼװɸŮТ̬ȡ
ûκξܾƴǵĻᣬִ˵Ҫƴǹȥţǡ
Ƿǻƴɣʲô˵飬Ůýȥ
ʹǿŵأ
ͬʱƴǸǲκξܾĻᣬڽԼҪ˵Ļ֮ӰѾλվֶǱվͿʼ׼ɣ⼸ձ㶨ӳϾҪأҪæµ̫ܲίϹģ
Ǿô˵ˣ
䣬ƴǱֱ̤ˡ
ŵǱãӦѾֻȡ˲ٵʱ䣬Ѿص˳Ƶ˰ɣ
ԼҲûбҪڷˣ
ÿһÿһ룬ƴǾޱȵĶģǿϵȴޱȵԼϱµĹƳ棬ƴʮַС
ϡϡ
վڷڣȥҴҵƴǸô㶣⡭ʲô¶
ƴǳҹҪԼҪ˵ʲôĪĻŵ飿
ƴҪȥţ
Ҫȥʲô
Ϊ˼ı
ֻǵĺŵҪȥſֻǡƴǵ˵ǸûԼΪʺĪĹ
ʡ
֪Ǹôƴ˵ˡ
ҲӰ
ѾͷôҪ¶ѧϰأ
Խûиأ


ĽŶ֣ϧȴǰֻʣ˺ХﻹжӰӣ
գ˶ûУľù¼š
˼û˷ӦԼҵ˶ķ֮С
һ߿˷š
ʱɶױǰͭԼòʵòҲϳ˵ģⷬװ֮󣬱˼ֽοˡ
ʱñƼ͵ĶɫŶ֮ҲǶ˼ֹ񣿣
ŮӰԼΪˡ
ع֮Ϊ˱ƴˣնԼߣѵǡ
ѵǶѾͷȻҲƴ֮ģ
ɫ
ɺôû֮ˣ
һ㲻ģٿֻߵĹˣܸɺͺһ
ҪҲôİ֣ڵ㾽
ǸϼҼһҪһֺƴܿƣָʵܡ
ͻȻһ
Ȼǲ֪ģȻ˶ƴ˼
ֻ͵
뵽⣬вɵðԹ˼СӣСڸʲôأ
˵ʲôԸȥԼû뵽ĲСӣɫ
ӵվǰʿˮƢá
кηԸ𣿡
ôԹˣǻ˭أ
³뷨ʳģɲ⻰ѾĵĶĴ̼˭ţһѾͷùĵ˭ŶѾͷţ
Թ
ԹҪڱ̷𣿡
̫ñʧˣȻ͵ˣ
ǳ⣺Ѿˣ
ô
ʧ
лһĨʧ
ԭǻ˰
ֲԼҵСҲûԼţӦɣֻţеŭȴԽԽ
á
һģԼ˼Ҫĺͱԣ
ǾͲҪֱ
û
ûУū澲ң

1084 ɹ

1084  ɹ
عŵæĻŵĹǰϴūǾЩڿʣҪһȲ裬û뵽ôƬ̵Ĺ㵢ķԸ
ҺϻзСӺȲ֮Ĳ豭һ㶫ǺܺõĽ͹ȥˡ
ǲ룬ڶŵһ˲䡣
Ȼע⵽˶޽ǷλεĴ
õĳɫе˶ѷֱ棬οˣ
֮ǰΪǶԼĵģ뷢ֶܻû¶ã
һĹ
Ȼ㲻ɫľͱԼ
˵ʲôڿʣ
ڿֱӺȲͺˣȻʱ˸٣бŵķҲǼֵƣƾյĺȲܺȳģ
ǵɵƭɣ
ԭ
е˫ֽ߬һŬһſĽԼŭѹȥЦŵĿŵϹŵĶڿˣôͱ˵һ᲻׼𣡡
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㽻껰֮󣬱㾶Եת»صԼ޵Ҳǻֵ̿Ĵӵʵĵͷã
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ת֮󣬶СĽŹغãҲ˲ĺˣֽĽһȲã͵ǰ
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Īܾϵı鲻ԣȴûзԼҲûʲôԲ飬͵ץˣҲֻһΣﲻ˰ɣ
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ۿɼĺһƬ

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װɺܲģǰ𾪵ļ߶˵ֱ޳ָƬӨݺݵİ˶˵ֱ֮ϣϵıȴǻż찡
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ȥȡɣ
ˮ𾪵ĿԼ꺮ů
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˵ɣ
ˣ
ӵֳ޵溰ȥԺӵС̫ɫŵĳǰȴŶ֣С̫ǰˣȥæĨҩ
Ҫչţ
˵⼸֡
ǣ
С̫һ㶣㻶ϲĴŶ뿪ˡ
Ĺ˲࣬ʵֻΪʺڼգʵô鷳Ľڣü˲ٵĹˣʺ޹涼û˷ţο
£¶ͶôŮʣµıҪôӣҪô̫ССŮɲʲô
㲻Ҫûϵĳ谮
ǱС̫࣬㻹ܷʲôˮ
⹬̫ΪϵĲȱЩŤģһżȻĻᣬ˵ܶС̫ȻûȴҪСŮʳôãҹﶼŸֶָȥĥʳСŮͼǵĲʹкԼ
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ǰֻȡһЩҩָϣڲŶʱ򣬱ѾԶãǵС̫Ŷط֮ᷢЧ
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ʱ򡭡

1085 ¶

1085 ¶
ҪʸƴǣҲҪԼķ
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룬ͼѿ̫ĲſҰɣԼȥУ㡣
ɶڻҪҲֻģʹС̫״ﻹܷôõĻᣬοһҧ۵Ľ
ûϵ㣬Сķȥɡ
ˣ
ǳڱܵĶԼıҪƿС̫࣬ۼŷŽǰԼȥͿˡ
Сֲ̫ûɿֱӽǿ˷֮ڡ
ĲԽԽǿңͣɱȴǶȻһ⣺㡭Ҫʲô
ȥҵķ䣡
ٺٺ١
㣬£˵ҪСĺúõչ㣬Сıһģ򣬱Ҫ𷣵ģ
С̫۾ɢŹŶҲ˼ִѡ
òȲֻҲüĿ㣬ֵ͵ȵСֱ̫Ǵ´࣬ҡԭΪⱲӶŮԸˣû뵽ﾹȻôãĺԼϡ

Ǿе۽ʪ󣺡ҵķ䣡

С̫ѿЦݣ˴ֵȥ
£һҪҪȥ
һΣֻصƵʱѶδüˣֱӳŨŨҹɫкȥ
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ֻ룺ҪǲɵĻòʵͲһȥ
ʵͲʦ棬ͬ书ɲ⣬һжҪһЩ
¶ֻڱеġ
Ҫɱˣȡ
¶ֻͨԿףԲܴûᣡ
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ҪǱ˷ֿɾˣպǷҪһ־ˡ
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ҵ¶ʬʱ򣬷Ѿһˣ֫Ӳˣûˡ
Ҫ˸ƾֻҽ˶һˣǹȥκͶ̥ˣֻҽٴͨҲǲˡ
´Щ𣬲ȥֻȻ¶ԼûʲôϵģԼոֻǰǰƶ뾹ȻôʧԼˡ
ɡ
ֻŵ̾˿ƼеΣЦŵİοûϵģº޹أԼ˼ǲܣͺˣ
һȥʱֻ֪¶Ǩŭˣֻǡֻֻû뵽¶Ȼ졭
һκõĻôװ׵Ĵˣ
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ֻ߲¶һˣи

1086 һ

1086 һ
ֻֻܽеϣڶˡ
ܷöӶԶɣͣ¶ЧҪһЩ
վڴ⣬޵ڶĲҽĪкʹ졣
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ŮΪöлǱʹŮ˲ҽУЩ̫ˡ
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Ķܿıֹͣˡ
ǿŵС̫ĴѴ޵ڴϱ׵Ķȴ档
ҩ۵Чѹ־ҲŻָҩЧʱĿǿŵС̫ŤöޱȵĶģȻûз֮ʵȴöޱȵĳ衣
ָоı̣ˡ
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ӰĮת
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ʵͲҲһֻϹҸЦݣʺ
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ʵͲĿ⿴ֻɵöֻ
ʺ˼룬ôĶֻǱǺ«ôһлᶯ۵Сˣ淨޲ùе˴һ۽磬ľֻ
ֻݸЦЦԵûй˵ĳƸ豧ڻУմŵǺ«ȻܺóԣȴܳԵ̫ˣպĸ㲻ˣ֪𣡡
еЩƸոʱ棬ĴתתǿģӾˣĶ㲻ˣں֮лҪʱŹأֻĴ˶ûοǳƸһСӡ
ֻҲżȻ²ıǺ«ͻȻҪԼġ
ڹŴǺ«Ƚԭʼһ㶼ɽ髣ֻɵøִ̾ıǺ«෱Ѿۻҵĳ̶ȣȴʽˮɽҩҵȵȡֻҪԵģԷԭϣȻִ̫ˣŻô廨ŵ˼ȥоԵġ
˸ֳɵƸ迪ģǸܲѡ
á
֪ˣ
ֻ˵Ƕԣպ㲻ԼˣƸͰ͵ĵͷЩ̰һԼŵ⴮ɽҩ
ʵ࣬ҺͻҪһԶţϹҲһţʱڹҪǺչˡ
ֻƸ·Żص˵ϣԼƴǵѾ׼ĲˣǱѾ˴ߴ˼أƴǵѾˣٲԸҲûа취ֻܴӦƴǺֻˡ
ĸ͸Ҫȥİ
ܴŸһȥ𣿡
ֻ꣬ûȲͲʵش𣬳ƸԴģգźʯһ˫ֻ۾ɻ󣬺ֻദҲһʱˣƸԽϲľĸˣ޲ʱֻ̺ռһ

1087 ݷʧ

1087  ݷʧ
ֻ˵ҪߣƸһòˡ
ҪߣҲҪԼ߰
ȻƴǾ˾Ҳڹ棬ʲôȤ
ֻĿ֣صҡҡͷŶ
ĸ;˾ҪȥĵطЩΣգʺСӹȥ⸸ʺĸҲΪҪģͻʧˣ
Ǻðɣ
ƸеĹһʧǲԸ
ֻȴǱƸģЦˣƸԴԣĸߵʱٶһЩǺ«ͽʵͲ㱣ܣͿøÿ춼бǺ«ǸһҪӦĸ󣬲ܶԣȻĻǶθڲˣ
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ֻ˵һͳ꣬Ҳء
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ȥ׵ĶҲӦˣټݷ书ųӦܿģôôˣûʲôϢ
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Сأ
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Ҳ֪Сھʲôģǻָ˼䣬ǻָ˶ټأ
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ݷҲŹƵģӦݷ㡣
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СĴֻϵı飬ɵ˵ү
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ǻѾѰݷ㣬ֻȴҪŵģֻ˼룬ƽ׵ĸż
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С㲻ˣ
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ʵĵͷ׵Ķһ·϶˳鿤ҲǱȫĻ͵ڻ·ϣѧү˵Լų̿죬ǰһȥźÿջվһ
룬һֱҲˡ
Щ׵ʹվеգû취ˣŻصϻ㱨Ϣ֮ŻʺҲֻǵĻʺżѰأ
Ҳ˵ģת룬ǻʺĵܵܣҪݷʧ˵ĻֻȨ֪ģȻʱҪĴѰҲݷ㣬綼סġ
̫ˣү书ǿʲôΣյģҲۼӦʲô˰ɣûʱ֪һ
žȵֻ̲סڰοš
ǡǡֻĵģοġ
ҪݷΣǻãƾݷ书ûǱס˽ŲҲûΣյĻΣյ顭
ܿܡ
ʱݷ㣬ѾҪƴǸһصˣ
뵽ֻɵͷһ
۵书ȷ͸ǿֻǸǳģĻͳɸϲһô׵ľӮϼҼߣϼҼƹϼô꣬һģôóȻĻȥռٱˡ
ֻҲų˼֣ĵվǷˡ
ݷ㲻һӶǲǰļ䣬һݷ㣬վҪָΪ۵һˣ

û¶ͶĴŮôϰߣãºˣû۵ʱ̼Լˡ
С̫裬¶ǸѾͷˡ
á
˳˷ɨСŮĺľ޳ΪµԼߵĴŮ˷ڿ죬Ǳȶöˣֽ˵ܶɫźױ磬Ҳź
֪ʲôʱСվĿڣ

1088 

1088  
һҹδߡ
һҹԺ˺ܶ飬ֿܶܡ
ȴôҲ벻ףĲõȻĺ֡
ҹķӦǲѰҩġ
ûӴ˭Ψеģ
Ŵ˲ٵķҩۣβҲ¶ġ
û뵽Сߣ˵ңȴҲ˵һĹģǴûгǵͷȴĶԼ
Īġ
ˮٶϮۿججʰԼ֪Ϊʲô鷢չڵĳ̶ȣǶȴɻЩΣ˼أֻǸС̫ԼԼֽš
һҪǸС̫౨
ɱ
еѹϵľʹʰ˱ȥû뵽ȻɫĽĹŮ̷ǰģͺһҲΪԼһ㡣
ģȵס
Ȼ
ҩȻµġ
ǹ̵ĲˮҲˤ˵ΪľҪ۵ġ
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¶Ǳ¶ɱ⣬ҲǱҩûˡ
ɱ˲ͷء
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Ϊʲô
ǿ˺ѷεȥһΪʲôҪҲҪװɡ
ϧ
ϧһҪʳĻȫαЦݸ˻ȥۿеᣬܿޣӣǾʳڣҲԲʵĻشԼġ
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ҹĳĿݱѾߣǹŮ̷ֻźҲˣҲԼĸ˼ϲá
Ӽ˻ҧˣԲôװ׵ıί
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е˫ֲɵýգĿ⿴ǿ
ڿ⻨ͭԼױݵ˶Ƽ˶Ӱ֮󣬴ǵЦȻʧҲ˼⣬Ǻܿģ㱻źۼĸѹȥŻֵĶŽҲɵó΢΢ȵģ
ôˣ
΢΢Ĭ
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ҡҡͷūҲ֪ô£صֻ֮úۣҲûʱȥҩʱֱֻϵʹѾʧˣżûܷߣԻûüͿĨҩֱ࣬ӳ޵ˣ
ʮָգָǶģƺܸоһȵѪ˿Ƕȴǿ仯
شһҵʲôأɫԭΪûܼʱ̱
ûϵġ
йеǣˣϢɣɱʱչҲǿԵģ
·涫ģ˵û¶ġ
ʵȴЦϡ
Ů˶ǺӵģǼԼֻ࣬Ҫ׽ϲˡ
̫ȱҲˣ㱻һ̫ŪһޣǶʱ˿Ķ˰ɣ㶪ǲ˵ģʹҪȴҪǿװЦݡ
ҪĥҪ
㱳Լе˼

ԼϢĻҡҡͷū̷ߣûūչſܻ᲻ū澱ֱŵĴ˲豭ûоŵѾū澵Ŀˣū澻ô͵أ
ŲҪȥϢ
ȥϢܲ»ص߻һ¶
ܾôȥҪ
ҪһҪѰһᣬһӶ
ܾԼ˼ϵûʲôֻǵЦŵĿŶ˵ͷá
ȻˣǱ㲻ǿˡ
ֻǾӲĻһҪͱϢ

1089 ľ

1089 ľ
á
лչˣ
ӲĽԼۿеˮ˻ȥŬĳЦЦ
ٺͶαѣתŷȥת֮⣺ҪⱾš
ѾʰˣͺľһŶűɡ
ֻƵôһ仰
ǺĺľȴǿŶģ͵ЦиŲĳЦ
˷䶼ǰŵġ
϶ĲҽѾ޵Ĺ˷ˡ
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ƫƫ˶֪ǶҪǿװûзӡ
ǡ
Ҫ
ĺľۿŶһָָۣ޵Ѿʰõңţˣ㽫ţ󣬷ʱеܵģ
ʲô˼Բ˰ɣֻжһ˻ڹ
ǹеЩǹ߻ݸ߲ȵ͵ģܵ˻ȱ˼žһ׵ķŹ
ʱ̷ڹߵʱ򣬹Ѿ˵ˣպǷĴŮˣ
һ
ȻƣôҲûбҪ̫̣ǰŮɫˣ෴ǰŮʱ򣬿ûٵ۸ǣһηˮתҲǻһˡ
Ǹһڣɫǰ˵ĸǰ
Ȼûˣȴ֣ݺݵľ޵һơ
ˡ
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ھʲôеش֮ĳӲ絶Ҳƫ񶫶ú
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ֱЩСŮӦ˵ĻպԺǰ
̸ֺһᱨ
ž
İʱ޵
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Ȼ
һ̫̣ˣǰʧ˳裬ﻹԼֺ
ľȻǰҲֻǸСŮˣȴδܹίοֱγ˴ŮбȻˡ
㾹ȻҴң
ʲôݣ
ֻǸ̫̣ĲлϽѾĴˣ㻹ʲôҵǰ
鼱֮Ҳ˲ôˣľ޾Ȼ˳콫Ļ˵˳ŶԽԽѿɫĵЩˣмľ޵ӣʾľ޲Ҫ˵ȥˣľޱˣﻹܳס
һӴ˳ʲô˵ʲô˵ֻҪ赽ͺˡ
Ȼ
ľ˵˱̫̣Ļ֮󣬶ɫĺѿһȴҪǿŵģĵվЩ̡
׶ڹеģƽЩڽˣһһĺǲܽ·ϱƵģʧȥ飬㹻ʱҪƳġ
ִ˭ÿ
Ȼ˳ΪĴŮȴҲû˵ҪᶫĻŻԶ׽˵滹һķģ˭϶ȥŭ
ľޣ˵ˣ
ľ޲ûảĵĺ⣬ѿ˺Ȱο֣ǰŶô
ΪϷ˶֪𣿡
еôܣԼˣҪ˼װɲ֪ӣ㶼ˣ±˵
Ҿ˵Ҿ˵㱾ǲҪʧһ̫࣬ôȥأ
˲֪ʵǱҩˣֻԶԶ죬˺ܴռˣǱǶʼį̫ҲΪ
ľֺ̬ȼţŶĲŵҲԽĵ
ߣ
û˵˰ɣ
Ҵ˰ɣ
㣬ûв㣬ǿŴǰ֣˺ûʲôϵģʵ㣬Ȼʱҿɹܲסҵ죬˵֪Ժôˣ
ľ޸߸ߵ°ͣǾöԼв֮ˡ
ⲻ֪ĲŵȴָƽͻȻǰֱӽ°͵ľ˵ڵϣ˳ϣСˣ

1090 ˺

1090 ˺
Ϲ˵Ϲ˵Ҫ˺죡
ҧгݣƺǽҹ̫ĥͷŭ׷µľϣ޲ýľ޿յǸ̫࣬ʹȫҪȥľޣֵľੲݵϣ˺졣
Ҳ֪þˣ·Ҫľ޵˺һ㣬Ƭ֮ľ޵ѾѪ
ľû뵽ȻֶԼ֡
һʱ֮㱻˵󶫶ǳûԼϣһȭߣԼмܵľʹϣҲҪܵ˶˺ľޱǰŵˣۿеˮǲԾ˳ΪԼĴ걻ס˵ûУֻʳò
ء
ء
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Ӽ˻ҧˣοǱѾʧףڱԵĶˣһľ޵Ļıһ˲価ıҲǴľ޳ܲס
Сˣھ͸ߣһ죬Щ˵Щǲ˵ģƽ׵˵ģҶ˵ʲôôǲʵʵ˵ң
һԿĴĿģӦʱæȥŶ㣬ľ޲ǲģҲпģƽðʧ˵ģҪ˵ģ
鰡
ﻹڵǹȥҪľ޵ൽʱǶû취
˲ɻı飬Ҫİľ޵˺ˣʱϹȥҪ˸̵ƵʱǼҪġ
˵Ҳ֣ԭȹŮڵģһǶһ¶

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㡭ҡҴˡ
ҡˣҲˡء
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һô׵ķŹ
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۰
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䣬ı㲻ȥľ޶ҲŶĽŲŷȥľһ޵ߺ޳ʹĽţһʮ˴ʺһ飬ûʲôţľҲȤ˲Լᣬ޵
鷿
ƴһڴŻѹ
ǰȥ·;ңԶҪѱ֮ǰȥҪõʱ䣬ܲһֱةͣһЩҪ黹ҪƴԶĵġ
Щ¶꣬ҲǸ̵ʱˡ
ʱΪδһҸ飬ЩֻܣĶĻƴ㡾ְصĻʵۣ붼Ϊġ
ֻûڳƵƴǹҵ鷿

1091 

1091 
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ƴڼǰֻЩȣųɽһеۣͳô˻
ʲôҪ𣿡
Ҫһ̶ȲõĻֻǾԲ鷿ŵƴǵģӦڳƵʰһеԼ
һƴ֪ģֻһܶ£Ҳܶǰ
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ƴǵⰵ˰ֻ㵣ǵģɵ̾һ㶼֪ˡ
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飬ô֪ܲôܲģ
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ϣ׵ʹڣΨС𣿡
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ݷԼǰȫˣԼҪŵġ
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û̫ĽӴģ̸ϳԹݷָ˼䣬ҪȥţȥǰļңҲӦ飬ֱӺԼ̹׾ͿˣûҪ˵ƭûбҪǶ
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Ҳֻһˡ
Ųкýģݷǲǻָ˼䣬ֻԺܿ϶ǣݷ֮ôЩģģǶҪĻˣ˵ŵĴ̼֮£ݷֱǸƫִۣôֻôŬȫ׷ˣ
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ݷʧҲƴǲ뿴ģ֮ûڵһʱֻҲƴǲҪֻģżǸֻҲʲôֻڻʹ֮нڳе飬鵽˽֮ٺֻ˵ҲֻٺܶෳǺż
ֻڽź͹ƶϡ
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ѾĴѰˣֻҪС㻹ڳнѾԸة࣬һСϢܻѶĴҲһҪСӪȻ
ƴüĽ
ԭƴǵ岻ʣҪʱ̸ԼԷģҽֻԼߣƴȻ򵣵տеΡ
ɲ룬ֻȴҡҡͷˡ
ˣ
ƴǵüƺšĸˡ
ֻĿȴƮԶĿڣС㲢ʧ٣ֻǡѾָˡ
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ֻǲݷᱻϼҼģݷûлָ䣬书Ǳ㹻ϼҼη壬һ֮Իˤ£ֻΪڡ
ݷѾٻţȻû˺ݷָ˼֮󣬻Ӧǳͷ۵ģӦϼҼŶԣ
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ǻҪˣǱҲûʲôõĵˡ
ݷ㲢СӣʧпǸйأȥȴûݷ㣬Ǳ˵ݷԼҪʧ뿪ģһһҪ㿪ߵˣǸ书ǿˣûа취ҳġ
ݷԼ˼ֻԸܡ
ã
ȻֻѾ˵ˣһĵģƴҲûǿĵ˵ͷ㿪˵׼Ĳˣ̰ɣ
ƴǺֻƣǿҪǻš
ϲֻܴӦѾ׼ˣ䣬žǲ̶ѨΪϵĹƶҪһġ
š
ҡ
뱻ڰѾС࣬еŭȴδʼղɿò
ۼԼŮݣŮ˽뿪Ļ˴룬ֻ۵ĿŲ룺㲻ͷ֤Ժٷˣ
ȴǿͷ㵱ŮôʶʱֻǵϣŮҲûа취

1092 ÷

1092 ÷
ģͷ
ǲǸջǻϴأ
ǻỹڶĳԼأ춼ûɿڣοԼȥϴǵɻ𲻷ǳģ

˵ӣСָĴ˵ϣȥңҪʵʵĶˣ
ò
ͻȻĿ⾯ĿŲ룺ʲô⣿
Ҳ֪ԼŮ˭
ԸȣֱȽģƫƫûѵԸ񣬵˷
ûŮҪʲô
ôôŮ
ŮֻǾôⰵʵ̫ˣҪ˵͵͵ĽŮųȥһɹɹ⡭һò
˾ܾĻᣬ˵ĸ첲ϣȥɹ͸͸Ů
ԲﱻΪѵģòã

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Ͱ͵ˣ˿ЦãԼŸŮûа취úúãСڣǷģÿζ
ǿ˵˰ֻǷȥһ͸͸ҪȻҪҲҪܷģȻǰģǿŲȴǴȰǱ޿κˡ
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Цеġ
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ҵķű򿪣ɫ͸߲Ҷ϶ҫԼϣòĪ̲ס˸Ҫúõһů⣬벻ոմ˫۱۾ʱȴͻȻǰرʲôסˡ
˫۵ʱֻƼһ˫Це۾ĵĶԼ
ŵò˸ع֮ǰˣǵʱüͷ̧ǰӰ֪֪ǻ˵ģ
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˵Щ˼ˣԴϵЦȴŵģûô࣬վ͸Źˡ
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Сʱ򣬶ϲԼߣҪһЩԸȴǺ񣬲粻ѣÿÿʲôµʱ򣬶ҪţÿζΪıֱŶĲ뱻
˵Ҳ÷һ浽飬滹ǺͶ׽ġ
һԵʱ򣬲Ѱ˸ɾλ£Ŷĸ˺ţСģ֪ڰҵгԲ˯ãҴ˺óԵĹ
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ԵԸ񣬴ֵԸҲһôǾʲôʱǿĵģûʲôǳ飬ǴСҸС
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֪һϲͺˡ
ϲϲ
ЦеģҲŵʱ䣬ʲô鰡
˵ҲȷǵӴˡ
ǰչأ͵͵ɽһܱʱ䣬ҲѹĸܵģԲŻԹԱ
׻˵ĺãɽһ꣬ɽꡣ
ʱ䣬ǽɽµʶ˸ˣ˺ܶǰģʶ˺ܶȤˡ
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ԭΪ˳Ļͷһ򺩺ʵĶȴͻȻ֣࣬صĿŲ룺˺ܶ顣
ŵĵӡĪ˺ܶࡣ
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ϵЦҲȻʧšüĵĿŶʲô˼
ߺ󲻾ãŵɽ±㷢˸ʬףǶҵĵӣֵʱϣǱѪһѪ֪ǱʲôֵĶҧˣΪ˵ĵܺǼǲ˺ܶɽҪȥѰƷǲ룬ЩɽĵȴûһŻȥѰҵʱ򣬻ͬһǸʬһϡ

1093 

1093 
ǶǱѪ
õˣ˵ںöӱѪʱ򣬶ɵ
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ʲôôı°
ڵĵڶ࣬Ҳǲβ룬ǺôҲ֮ˣѰҰ˵ģžȻ˻ʳѪҰ
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Ҳǳԥһε˲أҲ֪ɽϵĶܲܶԸеĵӷ˼ɻŻ˵ģԱеӶԶǴɽ壬Ҳ׼ȥˡ
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ֻǡ
ϵı֣أֻǰʼⱻѪʬٶȳˣǼɡ
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ҸĸҪ˫ףκ½Ӳϲԭĺ¶˻ˣˣ˼ֻǱ˫ĸĸУԺ˵ȴղġ
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ϲ˫ĸĸܸ̾һ´ʧ춨Եûа취ùϵ׽һˡ
Ȼ˭ĺ˭˭˽⣬ǸʵֵģԲҲƴӣ˵ʲôʲôǲȴǸĴģڸҲûʲôӡ󣬵иСͬ˵ģȴǱãȻƵӲûм˵ȥ
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ڻûбѪʬ壿˶һۣʶô꣬Ҳ˽ⶫƢԸˣûж˵ʲôĹעʼҪѪ޵档
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ʵĵͷ˵֮ȴϷԼ˵˻˸žĲæĸĿڣûУûС
Ų֪һȤҪˣڻڱյڼ䣬ҪǾôóóȻȻܳȥҪҼ𷣵ĸˣ
ЩڣԼôô죬ʲô˵ʲôء
ǲ봽ȴǹһĨЦ⣬һ˫ڵӸгһ϶
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Ŀ⾼ĿŶȴӶԲ룬ȥ
С˵ʲôʲô˵ܾĻ
̫ˣǳڵĽ֮£ҼѾ˶տڲ̸ۣҲ̫ûˣһʱ˲˵©˵ġ
ҪǱ֪𷣲˵һ˵Ҫɽôˡ
Σô죿
ɲ벻ɺЩʬһ֮Ѫûˡ
̫˽ⲻˣǲӦȥ治ȥҲ̲סġ
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ȻѾ˼Ȥ˵ȥͲȥģ
ȻԸ⿪ʣǹȴǸʮˣҲᱳ͵͵ɽһ꣬ȻѾǹȤ飬һҪҲҪ뷽跨
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ת
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ת
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ȴǽеĸ˷ȥЩ˵ţԺ󲻺һˡ
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¶ЩԥǺܿģЩԥ㱻ѹȥ
вС
Ժ󲻺һҲС
ǿص飬òΣգһ˾Ͳһ˰ɡ
˵ֻǼҡͷٶȿһ飺תת

1094 ֶ

1094 ֶ
ѰʱֻҪ뽫ظ鶫ˣǲβ˵ڶΣǳĬҡͷ
˼ץת֮󣺡ã㲻תǰɣ߹ȥ
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֪ҵģҶѾ֪飬ǲװ֪ģҪǲңԺ󶼲һˣ
Լȥң
𣡡
˵ԼȥЩˣȥɽ
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ꡪ
ڿ˵һ̲סЦ˳֪㻹ǵҵģ
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ŶɰԼָԴԣԻδ˵ڣЩҡˣ˺ˣ˵ģ㲻ȥɽ
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̤ȥʱ򣬱ŵһŨŨѪζǿҵ޷
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Ҫĥ˶ٶҵĵӲѪȰ
ζǸеģԼ˴ĵӣȻǶҼ壬ôƱҲǴϹͷŽһˣƽﷸҲñķؽΣǼʱŻˡ
ҲǺżȻʱζǿŵġ
һζʱֻǳʪѣû뵽ι֮һŨŨѪζҪ˵뱻ˣҲ𾪣ͷԣʲô
ǼûʲôӰ
οѾܶ궼û˽ˣڳϻбҪȥûʱȥЩʬ壬ʱڵУų֮ٺúõİģ
ʬѾѪ˸ʬǱ㲻׵ĸ÷ġ
ʱΪæµûܰǿʱͣĳһʪĵطģôû뵽ʬŽʱǺúõģŵڶ죬ŵҲѪζӿˡ
ʱЩ٣һѾѪʬ壬Ѫζ

1095 ˵

1095 ˵
໥һۣ㲻ԼͬĿ첽ʬ˹ȥ
ʱѾкЩˡ
ԭΪ˻ѪȻǸȴƤɱ壬绯һ㣬ڡ𾪵ǰϰڷŵʬ壬ǲɵõһ
˻
ô˵Ѫֻˣ
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ȷֻǰĸɱƤ»ָ˵ģǻʬ壬ȴʻͺǸոջǻˣûõʬ壡
һУǹѪζǴʬϴġ
δҲ̫˼˰ɣ
⡭
ԼѾ޷еĻˡ
в֪Ұϲʳ˵ѪȻǹ־˵Ѫʣָ֡ˡ⡭Ҳô¶
ĸô룬û˸ô°
Ҫô˵˭ܽ͵ˣΪʲôʬڱָոʱûѪģ˼Ѫˣָôá
㵳ȴšü첽ǰʬܡ
ʬʱǿϸļĿЦѵõĿء
˵ͷˣϸˣûʲô쳣С˿ڶûУָһ΢ĻۣɽʲôֻʱСģҪĲ㿴
̬ʮƶҽʬĲҪطѪ̫ˣտʼʱ򣬻乵ðѪأ
ǶĺռʬɵЩѰ˲һ
Դû˲İ̡
һգ۵顣
ȴ׳ۣǾкܶ˶ܽܣҲδˡ
Ŀ˳ŶĻ˲Ѫ档
Ϊʬ巢ı仯ѪѾǶǰֲѪѪѾɺˣֻնĿס

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˹Ϊ֮
ͷһԽźܴĶߣѯʵʬ壬ֻôһ𣿡
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ŵԹŶУͬҲвŵġ
ڴ˳ڼ꣬һֱƽµģΨ⼸Ժܶ೤ǶãûԼеĵӣеĵĴɽʲôأ˻ᣬ⵽˱Ӧ
ҲΪԭеĳǣĸ׶ҼŻûпȥһʬ壬ǡɽȥݼˣ
ϣɽǸɻϢŭԺĪҪٻպеĵˡ
Ÿʲôӡ󣬵ڵ˺Ҳͬһ㣬ɽϵϰ䣬ɽ°ո֣Ȼѡڴ˿ɽɣôȻűһˮεģ
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Щ궼ల£ɽмɻҲǼǰˣȻڲű֡
ߡ
۹⻹ǰʬ棬Ŀⲻپƣת˵ָˣһϸСĻۣǲϸȻǲġ
ǡ
ʯ֮䣬뵽ʲôһ㡣
ии󵨵⡣
ֱӣĿ֣صĿŶҾ¶򵥣
ĴʬѲһ飬ϧʱûʲôģֻǸӺѪжϲʲôüȴţľ޹ʵ鶼˭֪
΢΢һǺܿı˹ʵĻشΪЩ˼ͺţֵĻᶯҡģԸض֪ģֻۼʬĵǣʣµ˶֪ˣ
ҵԸˣ˭Ҳ˵
˲׹ǧҪ˵
֪ҪǱҵ֪ҸˣҿҪˣ
࣬ɲǿЦģСûٱᣬô¶ҼͷĺܣҪ֪Ȼתͷְ˲Сڣһȵģ
ꡪ
뱻ıЦˣĿڣ˺ˣʲôϵ
СǣôܻתͷͰأ

1096 ڷȥ

1096 ڷȥ
ʮ壬ȴڱţҪˣԺţ˭ԼΪΪΪˣ
УԲС
ǲ߱ǲ߱ˡ
ȴ͵ֿҪˡ
Ҳļҡ
ŵĴٲͣҲŵĸȱһŶбŶ⵽
Щ˲صĵֻǶҵˣ˭Ҳұ֤᲻պҲңϼҺͱҡ
ĵȵ鵽ԼϣͷʱûšǱ˵ʲôˣ
ⶫҼ̬ʵʣֵĻ̻ʳ֮⣬Ҽᱻ̲ܽϵ취Լ˽²һ£Ⱥˣû˷ˣҲɲõӰ죬һá
ǡЩȻѾͼڸǵģδػֻ񻯡˵ôҹͬ취ĴĸЧʣ
ȷǲǣҼֻ˵˲ø߱ˣû˵Լ͵͵ĵ˰ɣ
ͻȻԶЦЦϺòײųֵʧתʯһ˫гһ϶һЦӯӯĿŶҲżġ

һɴ˫ĿŲ룬𾪵ģдϣδȲ˵أֱӿڳ˵У
У
û˵ʲôأ˵У
ѧˣ
겻ʱ䣬ѧԼС˼Сˣ
ǸǰԼòСˣ
һû˵ʲôأ
ϵЦˣȫ˶ľܾ
쳤ԼĶ˼룬ǻôһ仰
һħһɡ
ѧˣǲ͸飬ܹ鶼Ӳĵġ
˵ʲôҲУһΣ̬ȵǼᶨǲӦģ
ҪҪҵȥߣ
Ҳȥ
Ǻ񣬵ִ֣ʱʲôһ˵˵ҺúͶʶô꣬Ķĺܺá
Ӳģġ
ģӲġ
ܹǲӲӲҲˣ
㿴˵ʲôأ
ʲôϵ˭˭
㲻ҪһҲȥǰɣ˵ԴǣôôԲأ

ûСʱΪ˷ǽȥɽ˳תͷͰԼˡ
öҼԼһᣬųӵĹ뻶ϲϲɽˣ
һΡ
²̬˿϶ɶǾЩš
Ҳţ
ģ
ġ
֤Ҳƭ㣡
㶼ûҪ˵ʲô;ܾң
ɳĬ
ҧŴ˼תתҲװģˡ

ǰģһ
ϱ΢Щ
ֳʤ׷ǲûСбˣŻĮ
ǿǴС浽İ治˼
ǡ
Щȵڲǰ⣬վ̲ס˿ڣûС
ֻ˵ʵ̫أʺǲ֣һʲôɻ䣬ȥĻҲŵʬˣָָһԵʬ壺ҲҪѪ𡭡
룡
ŲΪʬ
ֻأ˵ж飬ֻһЩϵļ峤ϵ˼άЩīسɹˣ벻飬顭ͶĵҪһЩأ
οֻǿֲʲôõӰ졣
ܹǸҪʲôɣЩίͰ͵ĿŶ
վҲֲסκΣ̾ͶҪȥʲô
ϵί֮ʧڵ˫Ŀ⣺ڷȥ
һΣ
ҹڷߡ
ʺ͵ʺڷصĺʱ
ͶӰɪɪĳڰɽķسУǿϸܴ˵ĿһЩ߶ӷ𣬷汣ӡ
֪
ðλǰĪҪ
ֻΪ˶ҺŲŻطġ
ͶӰһǰһд󣬺ܿģҵ˶Щʬĵط
˵ˣ
ָǰ͹Сɽ˵
ɻĿЩƽƽСɽ
Щǣ
ôûǼĹأ
һһЩĴ壬ԼĹصģǰѾط滮ã֮ݺ˰ռƻᡣ
ȻûĹҲǶĹصطǶһƳЩСɽɶĺۼ֪
͵·Ҫ

1097 Ϯ

1097 Ϯ
οЩǱˣеĳǾòʺá
ã
Ƕְɣ
д档
ȴ¶ԥ룬Ҫڷ𣿡
ôôǶ߼䲻ص飬Ϊ󣬿ҶѾΪˣʱٸڳǲǡǲǲ̫ð
ɲ벻ȴ̬ƶ
Щǽڳǲԣڷ
ΪҪܵõǣ򣬱ֻǻŵϵİοˣ
ҪҪΪЩ˺õĻûǰѷڿʬǲǺǼҵеǸʬһҵԭǶοء
ðɣ
ֻò˵ĺеǾͰ˵İ죡
ҪЩΪʼҪҵԭǶõĽݲݵ˲ϯ˲ûʲôʵԵá
ҰҲãΪݺҲգܹǲǱĶңġ
ǡܷеĶߣǲǽԴϲ顣
ţҲͨˣͬһڷء
΢Ĵ֣Ӱ߲ɳɳӱҹƾն˼ֹ졣
Ͷ˵Ӱںҹв·أ۵Ĵ졣
ڡ
ڵˣ
ָ¶Ĳϯ˵ҿʬˣ
Ϊֱ֮࣬˲׼ѣҲȥ׼ѣֻôòϯ˹ţȻ˸Ӿˡ
Ͷûöõʱ㽫ŵıһڿˣȻڼЩʬ֮ȴ̲סĵһ
˻
ҵ죡
ҪۼЩһŵġԣҾۼˣǻԼĴ̲ס૳룬˵ǲ۾ˣ
ҪȻôܿô˼飿
Ͷͬ뷨۾ˣǰȷǳǵ֮ˣ
ૣеĴ㵲ȶٶ١
ͬʱĵ׸̲ס˳ȻûдǰģЩǰʬ壬Ҳͬ͵ڵķӦһһġ»ָѪ⣬ҡ⴦صеѪζҪ֮ǰڵеĸŨ
Ŀ
µһѾˡ
ɱЩҵӵģҰޣˣ
һˣ
ҰʳѪȻǲЩѪ»ģЩʬߵ϶һЩֽţŻʧȥѪ¿ٵĻ˵ЩѪܴû뿪Щߵ塣
Ҳǿܡ
˻Ѫô࣬ôܶء
Ȼ뿪Щߵ壬ôĳһְ취еѪĳһط
Ȼ󡭡Źһʱ֮ЩѪû˽صˡ
ǡôһѾ˵ĸʬõĻָָܻأ
ң
뵱ϣҪȥϸļЩʬϵĶߡ
ȻΪһҵ˿ںͺۼģƾյľˡ
𰸣Щʬ棡
˲ŨŻѪζˣЩʬȥҲ֪̬أæĵͷ˲󣬶ʣµͼЩʬóܿϸ
еȷҲһʬġ
һʬ̫иԣʺѰִģ˵ԭ
һҪ࿴ʬ壬ӶϵĹֶͬߡ
ã
Ͳ£ںҹڷء
ۼѾڳľʬ壬òˣ㺰˶ͣˣЩ㹻ˣ
һ𿴿Щʬûʲôر˿ڣһҪϸˣС˿ҲһҪ˵벻ĵĶţЩĴ⡣
İɣ֪̬أһϸˣ
ˢˢˢ
ڲͶ׼ȥЩʬʱƾͻȻּƬҶֱֱĳŲͶķ˹
Ŀһæƿ˶Сģ
ͨ
ӰƿڵϣȻȴϾ
ЩѰҶȻ̺ʮɱȻ
˳˹
ǷŲȷӦǴʱЩҶѾ˵ʺ첲
㿪ƬҶӣƬҶȻֱֱĲɣ㵽˽ĺȣϸһ㣬Ǳ۶Ҳܡ
˻
ֻǸҶѣ
ͨͨĶҲܱɱ˵
ǽ𾪣
ڱﶢº֣
˭
书Ȼ˸ǿѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĳ̶ȣǵŵĿɽҲﲻĳ̶Ȱɣ

1098 ժҶɱ

1098 ժҶɱ
ͶֻԼҺͻȻһ㣬˿и
ȻԷȻǳˣҪ˵ģȻǲ˴ϢĻᡣ
ɱȻҶٶȳ
һΡ
ֻǴǰ
ǣ
˷
Ͷ
书һеٮٮߣǶҲ٣ֻǷӳ粻һЩˣĵЩҶȥ
ۼֿľϵЩҶ˹ȥǾ͵ȡģֱеֵ
顪
±Ҷ죬ҲǺЩҶײ˲ڰըѿ
һȺǼҡ
Ͷһܿ⣬ʱˣ˱֧Ҳóٻ
Ҷ˺񲻾һ㡣
˷Ҷûм٣ԽԽ࣬顭

ͻȻ
һʱЩҶ󣬶ʱʶĵͺҲΪֱҶֱ˵գһϸС˺۶ʱϣѪ˿˳
Ͳɫʹ࣬ͻȻᵽһϢ
ֻɽѰЩʬ壬ڱҪɱǣ֪ĲͷβûдƵһС
˭Ҫʲôɱôʲôı
ֵͷ˲ĵͬʱͶһֲõԤС
ǡ
ջܻɽ
ҧŴٶӭҶĵȥȴǳû˳ȥߣ
ҧǴмôһ仰
˼Ϊһ书Ϊǿģǵ׻ᣬе书޷ǸֵĸȽϵģôȥ˶Ҫ߶
˾ô˲ҪǱ֮˵ıû˻֪ˡ˲ʱΪʱ˵ʲôҲ˵ıóѣ
ɱôˣ˺ݶˣļƻɣŵȷѪ꣬
ܻɽµİա

Ҳߣ
˺ѷΡ
Ǹˣôôؼʱ̶²ȥòΪԼȥ
ߣ
˵֮䣬ѾٶȿҪܾȴѾˡ
˵ȴʱЩշɳҶȻ
Ȼֹͣˣ
֮ģɽµ
ô
ϣ𣿡
źɽд򶷵
ǰһЩôȴͻȻûأ
ķ򣬺֮ǰŵЩʬλãҰ޳𣿡
ˣˣǻȥͺˣ
УߣǼһȥɽɣʱҪɵģ
ԽԽͶٶϣǡҵĳǣ˻Ⱥҵ˶Ҽǻ
ȻĴʵģΪһУ˶Ǹ֮ţҵĵǵ书츳ǺܸߣȲ˲ű˲ûģǣⲢҵļͶҵĳҲӹŵ֮
һǴɽϰݼˣ·֮УѰ˹
оˡ
죡
ʾⶫЩǺȣҪǿЩҵĻҪɱǵˣȻڶվʱ򣬻δüȵƼವһ
Ȼˣ
ٶ֮죬ʾⶫײ˼׼ڣһеһУŲϢĹ򣬿ɱǸˣȻֹס˹ң˻𣿣
˾
ɱ˶Ͳ룬ҪŻɽʬ𼣣
ʧ̬ܵһʮٱˣ
ͶɫЩѿȻ˶ɽĴ𣬺Ͷҵĳϻ֮󡭡
Ͳ뻹ûпںЩ˵ղŵʲôأӭ˶Ҽһ⣡
Ҽɫ˼
ҲǷžһսûûüȥҼİƣǡһʵʵԼϣԼ߻أ۾ðž⡣
ӣ
Ҽɫ࣬ͳǴ޵ϣڶҼļλϣɫҲѿֻǰڲ뻹ڳܺͶҼһǾȴд˲ѺúΣա
ͻȻ˶ҼŭͶҳǵĵ⡣
ˡ
ˣ
ɽ˻ˡ
ͶºڷߵģһûʵڼҴţһҲûʵĹŽգһ˶ҵļɻ桭¿ɺˡ
ҼһΪ£ҵܸ˵˳ȥһͲƤû¡

1099 

1099 
ΪǱĴ˲Сŵġ

ί
ˣҪ͵Ļǳ׵ʻص
뵹ǷӦĻ飬Ѹ˶ҼͶҳϵ˼Ҫ͵ʱȴֱӱҼ˻ȥ
С㣬Ȼȥؽհɣյ֪ˣȻǲ׺ʹС˵ģСء
Ҽڣ˵˻ǲݲ˵ֱӽɽˡ
û
ŵġ
֣Ǽ׼ĺӡ
ǶҼҪȶҪһһҲΪ
ºˡ
ֻˡ
ˡ
Ҽ˵ʲô˵ĽˣΪĹѾöҼΪ˲ͶΪƤ˴󣬲α⣬ǽԼķһֲĸߴң´ҲֻǵǲͶڽƱ磬Ҫճͷ
ߡ
ҼĻ˵ĺԣԼһڱؽյģҪ鱻֪ˣҪͶҼһķӦԼĻᣬ³ҡ
뻹ǳôͷһޡ
Сʱ̫Ƥˣ˵ʲôûˡ
ҪСʱǸԹŮڴҵǰһޣͽҲҪҵǱˡ
ۼŶҵѾ߳˺Զ
ҲæĸϣЩ˲ҲͲ˰ɣǲپطģٴȥСҪûˣ
ǲţ취պ֤ԼСûˣǿɾһжˡ
ĬĬϣǰĶɾͲˡ
Ҽ֣ۺɤ𣺡С˸ӡ
ˣԼҵ̫ܣ˵ʲôҲĸ߱ˣСӿɵˣתͷͺ˼ҹ˵ˣ
ºˣҷŻ𣡡
ӻȥôʰ㣬Сӣ
ûУǿķϣһߡ
ҼȫţٸҺ˵ٴһ٣
죡
ؼң

ں棬ҼĻ˸УЦޡ滹Щͬˣҡ
Ұ
˵ôôңԼϵץ˸أ
Ȼ
ͬ飬»صţص˰ǰʱȫʧˣȻ޴ˣͶʱĸо˹ˣǡŴʱ˿վڰǰ棬ɫŵġĵʱ
Ҳˡ

һò˲
ϣ֮ǰʱԼЩҪ͵ЦģȻڡ
ǲĳЦ˰
Ϊܿܣո㳰Ц˵飬ϾҪֵԼˣ
쵹ûиҼһ³ֻվ󣬿ŲģۣȴЩηǰȰ

ȴ˺Цݣ˼æ˹
ҪæĻȫŮģŮһжáһжá
ԲĹȣʼһԲ
ɵǰ»ص˰УһҪ˵ģĿ죬ԼֽǰҵŸˣⰵеƣֻǳȥһʿͻ
Ҵˣ
֪ˣҲˣ
ζվǲǿŵɫʱ򣬲볦Ӷˡ
ôͣץסأ
ԹԵ»ص˰ңֱӴ˵нҵԿ׸ˣһ˦뿪Щˣ
ȰĿˡ
Կױ˻ˣ
˵պʲôʱȫƿˣ
ҪܳȥɢɢȫڵģҪȥһЩóԵҲǳ

벻ܡ
ŰҵС촰Ͱ͵Ŀˣ
ˣҲûˣƢֲǲ֪ƫƫʱƺ֪ԼŮҪ˵ʲôֻε̾˿
ԭҪȥ͸͸ģѾͷһȥûӰˣһʱҲãѧһ㣬պкôģ
˲ɵ̾˿òⰵȷ̫ˣǲҲֻŰסˡ
Ȼպûûܵģôˣ
οοõ飬˶Ǹı䲻˵ģҲɡ
ôţ˱ҡͷֱӰ뿪ˡ
ºˡ
֪ЩѪʬˣһҼĴˣһֱ䱩ڰˡ
ѵǱ޷ˣ
߰
ŮҪҪ
˺ȥӰͷҲһ£

1100 ڵϹ

1100  ڵϹ
εĶ˶ţڰգոԼôôûϢ
ôͳ컹ûʱƽľĽԼֵ˵ת롭
Ը񣬺ͶҼҲûȥҪȻҲֵܡ
ҼĽͣԼĵԼĻҲǾԼڱ⡣
ɡ
һ˵顣
ǷϵĴڰҵУеİձʧˣתʼĻŰԼ涫һ֡
ɽŵЩʬ廹ûüƳţ㱻һѻˡ
ΪʲôҪգ
ǵıҲֲᷢ뵽飬ӶıǡΪڸסʲôأ
ŬĻڵԼһС
еǾʬûƵģֻвָϸ΢˿ڣ˵ǱҧģôѪôɵأ
ʲôŻɿҧһѪ
ԼĲ¡
˻
ۡ
ۣ
ˣҲûǰŪݰСѪ
ˡ
Ķڰ棬šü
Щˣɱôණҵĵӣʲô
ҵĵҲûаʲô¶
ߡǱֵˣǺЩҵӵˣǡһȺˣժҶɱ˵ֻеһһԺУǰǻããһƬ
˵
ʱǰ
ꡭ
ʱ̫̫ˣһѸٵǿɳ֪ȥûеľȣοڡûΪʲô
ܾźϾҪһƽˡ
ةտʹʵųƸ裬ֻ
ƴǱǧ;褣Լֻ̤ǰȥŵ·;
ļң˷ȥţƴŵĽǲģ׶ΪģҲƴڵĻᣬһ·ƵƵƴʾò˵ҪƴǺֻ֮ĹϵҪȡֻƴߵλá
ƴһֱĿ⣬ϵɫδ磬ܹ鲻õģֻЩЩļͺͲˣھƴǺֻεĴ֮󣬾ڣƴɱϣϣƴгһտĺô
ϣɽ·Ƚ᫣ǾòӦĻڳ檵СһžͿҪŵʱٻ
ڲһƤ̺棬ȷǺ
ƴ΢̧ˣӦ
ЦƴǴϹɳս꣬ǰԽս¶Ӧˣοɽ·Ҳʵǲ֪ƴʾ˰ɣȻ׾ӵĻ
ֻ򴽣ЦĿŰƴǡ
ãðɡ
ǳ檶ˡڱƴǾܾɫʧ䣬ʲôĺһ㣬
ȴ͸񻨴꣬ŵĶ
ԴϵıЩƲ֣ҲЩǷϣڡŵĺĺľޣҲ̫ãľޡ
ֻ۾ľ޵ϼǱ֬۹ڸˣȴƳָӡĺۼǱ˸һ㣬Թ޵ڵķ򡭡
Ƕϡ
ϵĺۼǶģ
Ͷִˣ
Ϊʲô
ֻźۼջĿ⣬ݸĿڵƴǣϣǰûпջ檾ЩˣҪϢһ£˳һЩˮʳ
ҪֻٲڰæƴǽΧƴǵɫҪҲҲͬһˡ
ã
ƴҲûıشˣ˵ĹѾȥͷûһۡ
Щɵϰߣƴ֮ǰֻڷǷ治УǶŮ˽᲻Ȥˡֻ
ֻֻʱ򣬲ŻҪ׽wangʣµŮ˵ʱֻƴǾûĲҪ˵׽ˡ
ֻ΢üĿ
׵ʧ˸ƣʺ롣
һڿջ˼Ϸס¡
˷֮ڣƴϢȵӭֻرڻУŬֻ޼䷢ٵ㣬ϵѬƴǾġ
ƴǽ°ʹֻĶͷϣžôĿޱϹš
ꡪ
ֻ̲סЦ˳
ϵİοƴǣ˺ˣϣ֪ࡣ
ⲻҪȥ𣬻ҪϹ·ĵط̫̣Ϲ᲻ôԸʱǱҲˡ
ֻȻǿЦ⣬Цȴǲزסġ

1101 Ϣ

1101 Ϣ
ƴǵȴ쳣أûаи㷢û֣Ϲǵ·ߣʵǴӻʹֱӵŵģЩ죬ʵڡ
ȥ
ֻ˹
ǵģҲĺ
ʼղϽŵĵͼֻǽ˵αȽϸӣһξһָ·Ϳˡ
ҲΪֻŽ˵ҪϢջ֮ͣ
Ҫúõ취õȥŵ·ͼſԣǱһֱǣűˣ
С
ǡ
ƴǴųɽ쳣䣺ȥ֪εĴ㡣
ܹ鲻ʲô¶ˡ
ֻšüԺͻȻ뷨ϣǻԴӱĵط֡
Ѿǲȥˡ
ƴ΢üֻĴȴ¶ζЦݣͬƴŹӣȱżŲĻظɣ
ֻء
ƴǵսڳúͱ߽ΰԶȨս棬ǶŮˣƴǱûֻϸĺȫˡ
ͬŮˣŮӵ뷨ֻŮģ˶ǱȲϵġ
ã
ȻֻӦˣƴҲȻܡ
ѹֶ˵һɹ˱ٲһܸɵŮ˰ţЩ󹬵ֻƴǺܷġ
ջڡ
ٰϴ߲˹Ϲ
ջѾƴǵ˸ջһСͳӵȵ˶ǲ͵Ժˣǳ⣬ŮߣƴҲǷԸ˺չţú󹬴ĹŮһִŲЩˡ
ĺľһæµ
ľ޿ŶȴԹԽԽǰĳδôĿϣܾʳѰ
˰ľޣôలõģˣǳ˹ûϺͻʺôҪֳʲôģҲҪ𷣡
ĿĵȰš
νҳ󲻿
ڷôôǷˣǱҲС£ǳ棬̷ϹߵģҪֳʲôˣƴǲ֪ܲʱֻǵùƴҲӦȥ
ûҪΪһԼܵص𷣡
Ǳ˲Ǻģľޣľ޵ô׵
ֻǽĵȰ浱˶Է磬ԺģҲ˼Ǻޡ
治֪ĵ浽ôģԼͺҲǴСһͬ빬ĽˣǺĲԼǰæ˵첲գʵľߡ
ʵֻľޱ޳ͷˣΪźõģľޡ
ˣ֪ˣ˵ˣ
ŷ
ľ޷ܵĽӦ˹ȥȴŸԹ׵ˮĶȥ
ѽ治˼û㡣
ľʧŵˮֱ˶ϣӭ潽ȥ˸͸
𾪵Ŀľޣܾľ޺ܵ˴̼һ㡣
ڶ
ǴлعۿľޣǻһĨЦ⣺ûϵ
ûûϵ
ķ˼ĿŶѵܵʲô̼ҲűɵˣôһˮϣȻ˵ûϵ
Ȼһ̣úĸ𾪵ˡ
ĲԼյˮ̨һԣ˸ոճϴ߲˹Ϲˮֱӵľ޵ǰˮľ޵Ͽȥ

һΣľ޵Ľˡ
ȴ̲סǳ˳顭
Ȼǡ
ܾô׵˵һûϵġ
ĺܸ
ѽ治˼ûľá
ѧŷľ޾Ļȴǳɫģľ޿Ҫˡ
Сˣ
㼸棬㾹Ȼ㲻ɣ
Ҫ㣡
ľҲûˣһˮˣҪСˣԼʻ˵ƫҪ˵ƫҪ˵
㾹ȻҺ̫๴ҹҹ꣬ȥϺͻʺǰ淢㣬淢ǸҪС飡
ľ޾Ȼȥ򶫶и²ݡ
ȻС̫СŮΪįкܶѡһӵģǵֻǲĵĹ涨ǽֹҺ󹬵ģ̫Ⱦ
ľ޿ٶȽ˳
վ͵Ĳȴ𾪵ĳֻͣľ޵Ļ̫𺳣
Ȼ
Ȼ̫Ⱦ
ʵš
иǶֻ֮飬ȻСȻһЩ͵ȵջڣȴǸϢĺõطǻ˻ʹеĹŮҲ⡣

1102 򶫶

1102 򶫶
಻ȥС˺ֱ֣תȥֻķ֮У˷š
ʺ
ˣ
ֻŴСŵƴţһѾǰȥ࿪š
ô
ֻȲ˳ڣô˵Ϣ𣿡
Ϊβģ
֣صĵͷˣС˵ˡ
ǸϹߵѾľִľ޿ڿ˵Ǻ̫ȾǶֲ׼ľ˵˱㶯֣ĺǲҡ
𷽲ڳеʱ򣬲书Ҳǲɵ
ҿľ޺Ͷ书ģҪǻ书Ҫջķƿɼ˲书ҲǼ쳣޷ֱӣƵƵꡣ
̫Ⱦ
ֻ૳ƴüͷ
ɡ
Ƕɰ
빬ҲһʱˣǶǴСڹģкܶӣٲãкܶūۣЩСͱѡ빬ĹŮһûҪΪʼį˶ѡһС̫Ϊʳ
ߡ
ֳعŵ̫֮⣬ҲûƼ˭ݰ׳úÿ۵İ
Ҳйɡ
֮Ϊʲôֻ֪ԭ򣬼Ȼ֪ԭǾͺðˣ
ͺܺˣ
ã࣬ˣ
ٻȥúõĶŶʲôҪϢʱһ㱨
ֻ΢˼Ƭּ̣Ըš
ǡ
๰˹֣ٶӰƻصԭأмųжһһƺδֹͣ
ڷеƴǺֻȴĿأϣŵȥ·֪˲ֻϹһˣ
ֻǳ˵ԼĿ
ƴšüֻ̻Ĵ㣺ǡҪӶˣ
ǣ
ֻ˵ͷĿ⣺ɿ
ǸҰαװˡ
ΪС滷µİɣҪֶβܱԼڱϲˣŵù˵ǰҲǻ᲻ԾĴٵߣοƴǺֻ
ҪĿӳŵһϢЩѣǶ룬Ŀ˵ֻƴǻҪϸһ˵ĵǲʵٱƭˡ
ǶͲͬˡ
ԭģǶԶ˵ʲôöĻ飬ڶ˵Ļʵˣ
Ըڿֻİʾ֮һֻʧˡ
ֻЩίȻװ׵ĶЧˡ
ô
ƴǼ࣬ҲֻĺôЧ
Ҫίʹһ˼ơ
ƴǺ
ֻȴεЦЦõ˼Ѿˡ
ںƴ˵ĹѾԼȴõһС̫˳ֵƴǵǰˡ
ֻ͵Щʱ檱ݺͶԳ檼װС̫ӡ󻹲С̫ݺͶ˵ĻȻʡ
á
޻ῴŰġ
ƴεҡҡͷֻǳ磬ԼѡĻʺ󣬹ҲҪ졣
ֻһƴǵգĿϵĿƴǣ֣صϣŵ֮ǱҪӰɡ
ŵ飬Ѿڶǰ˸߰˰ˣ֪ڲǹʦƼֻһƵˡ
ȥţҵǸ꣬취⿪ƴڵĹƳ桭ϸƵİ취ãǲǱֻɱƹˣܹĿĵġ
ƴϵĹƳ⿪ֻ֮ҲҪһ˵ĺˡ
ǳףӣȴʼնûԼĺӣ˵Ҳġ
ÿһֻƸʱ򣬶÷ᣬ˫ӣĺӶˣƴǻٳûкӣÿ˵ԼҪӵʱεĴʹֻġ
ֻͻϸƴǳЩ񣬵Ǻܿı㷴ӳڵ˫Ŀ⾧һʵһ㣺ʵھҪҲûʲôеġ
㣡
ֻȥƴǵĿ⣬תϲƹȺСȥˡ
·еʱЩֵĿֻıӰź죿
ļţ
ҪȥС̫סȻС̫ȴߵü죬ûиסĻᡣ
ֻӰϸǻ̫ҲǽСһֺ޲ҪڻкúϧĸоΣǻ˸Ůӣǵĺջˮ
ϧ
ϧȴǸ̫ࡣ
ҡҡͷԼԺеѹȥʱԼЩЦôһС̫ĴҲҪˣΪСϵĲȱŻС̫ĽСɡ

1103 㲻ʣͶ壨1

1103  㲻ʣͶ壨1
ԺеͷһƼǰԼǣƵӰ
ƴǡ
ȻԼˣ
뵽⣬ϱ㲻ĸϼĨ糺졣
ʱ䣬ƴǶԼҲǸĹذˣصԼ޹ԼԼȻδԼޣѾǽ˲
ܹǻߵ޵һġ
ʹӣˮĳƴȥĹ񣺡檸밲
ɡ
棬Ȳùǰɭϣ̫
ƴǵȻüŲԲľãһ׶ˮһ㣬صĻУƴϵҲڵģƽ׵ĽƲ۾Ĩһ
ǰҪϹ
ƴǱͳɳƵ˵
Сĵվһԣ˵檶Ȼ֪޲Եġ
ǻҪòܵţ
ƴǿżɽţȴ΢΢һ㶡
ϱ㷴Ӧ˹ȻǳЦĿƴǣϣ·;ңԶҵֱȽϸӣš
޲ĻֻҪһ׼ȷʱ䡣
ƴǴдʣֱ˵ĿڣϹǸˣӦ֪޵˼ġ
΢ЩεЦЦǺܿģ˹ϵЦⲻǳϿҵĹƴǵǰϣʵһֱпԵģֻûлͬ˵
ʲô
˵޷
ƴⲻɵó˼֡
۽ʪ󣬳Ŀƴǣϣʵ檲ֱӽϴȥš
Ŷ
ƴǽü΢΢𣬺ʲô˵һ㣬ҲݳϹ⻰ʲô˼
ô
ʲôĪĵط׼̤𣿡
޺ôҲŵŮˡ
ҧźĴǣѵҡҡͷǡ
᳼檵˼ˡ
Ȼȴǲ˽ģοοϻˡ
ֻǡ
ֹ
ƴǵûʲôԥż˵ֻǣ檵̥ģҲ֪һŮ˵Īĸϵ檵Ҫ˽ԼͷֻǳвûϣҪټϡڻϵߣû뵽һαô꣬Ҳ͵ôꡣ
˵Ĺ۽Ѿʪ᣺ǴǸĵĵطģֻδӽȫ˻ϵϣǡ
ǡ
ǳ檼˻ôãȴʼնûл̷ڻϵߣıϡǲǳ檵ͬڵЩ˵ģǻЩܣӦ˽ˣĪҪڻϵǵĻķ
˵˶֮ɵʳ
һԭüͷƴǣȴٿЦ˳
ԭ
Լء
ҪвԼȡԼȥŵ·ˣ
ֲøտʼʱ򣬻ͬԼ˱׼İɣƴֻǰŰʲôаǺһһ׮׮ƴǲǳ׸ֻ˵Ļ
νİƽʱϲװһģ޲÷εôһЩܱˣǱȴǸҰļأֲΪӪƵġ
ԼҪƴޣƫƫֱ˵װߣƴڣǰ㻹ĽɫһеľƴģûаϵҲܺߡ
ֻС̫ѣһ·ͷܿıڿջĺԺҵСλã̽һ£պüľ޺ͺǱѵĴСгڰĲԼȻʾ⡣
ֻĵ˵ͷźĺľѾԶϢߵС
ԾվСæֻѷ硣
㣬ôˣ
ֻ첽СڣŲǰ㱨ǿСڵһƬǽ壬ȴǱһҲǴЩľȵġ
ϤʧǵĶعǰֻ̲סۿ΢죺Сӡ
ôˣ
Щ⣬ί
Զǧļʹ֮УҲûʲôϤ˺ѡ
ǰиϵõ¶ϧ¶Ҳˡ
ǵǣ֪ԼʲôʱҲҲᲽ¶ĺ󳾣ҵںԺ֪˶ûС
ڼСӵһֻ̣õίһ˲ӿͷҲʡ
֪СôģڶѾǽСӿԼΨһѣίֻܱ棬Ҫľ޵ļңСӡͺһ㡣

1104 㲻ʣͶ壨2

1104  㲻ʣͶ壨2
и˿Լ߿Ϳίˡ
ֻԼͷѹļͣеҩѾȻʹˣҲĻش£ǻǲūŹյû׼ãϺˡ
˭֪ūһƼһǽ塭
ж㣬ôˣ
ö˶˵ôڵϰֻ΢ЩҪǰŶʲô黹˵ɣ
ǲ룬Ȼ˳ֱ˵СӵĻе
ֻӲҲǣҲǣֻ⸴ӵĿͻȻԼĶǵʳڣ㣬ô˰
ʲô飬Ϊʲôôѹ
һΣֻԶµģöȫʧǵҩۣǰεŬ֮£СѾ޷ͽ٣ֻҪҩöԼòУߣöڿԼòʱһִͿˡ
ֻĶļ
ûϵģʲô˵˵ܲ취㡣
ˣ
ֻᣬǶȴԽֹסˣۿеˮǴδε£˲ʧֻѡ
أСӣлл㣬ֻ㲻ᳰЦңҲֻϰ˵ˣ
䣬ֻҲûƿֻվԭؾĵȴŶԼй
ҪŶԼƽ֮ŻԼڵġ
ֻġ
һĿֹסˣСĳֻƼʱˣŽԼĻзĿ˺ˣˡ
ôˣ˵˵¡
Ұﲻæ˵һ˵һ˱Ҳöˡ
˵գֻʾⶫһԸɾĵط涫˲ᣬʱ䣬ҩЧӦѾˣֻҲûпͷܵġ
ҡҲ֪ô˵
˲۽ǵᣬǸոշйһСӵĻпһͨöˣҲ֮ǰǰѹˣص˼֮󣬱Լ
ǰЩӣҲ֪ˣǹȻ
Ȼ¹ҩ
˵ĵĵطٶᣬѾöˣֻЩʣ󣬱һС̫࡭ҡ
ȻݣǶŵùСӵģҲԸСʵʵ˵
Ҳ֪ôˣҺúޡ
úľ飬ҿǴС͸ߡ
ǼҸһֱû飬ЩʱˣһæǡǵͷȴôԴҡ
Ƿϡ
Ǻã
֪ôźˡ
Ǻ¶һһʼûҪúõ̷߻ãǡͻȻҲһֱѵĸоˡ
Ҫ𣬵Ҳ֪ôôܱ𡣡
˫һ𣬻ΪˮʪģǶգʵЩ䣬˳ƿֻԡ
𡭡
ֻŶĻ߬ȭͷߣϹȷǹˣ
ô꣬ʲôҲӦ˵Ҳ׵ġ
˵֮ˣǴ㻹㣬ūӦóܵģϹôҲʲô˵뾡һеİ취ĥ㡣
̫ˣ
û뵽ϹǰģĳȴʵĴ
ֻߣ¶ǷԼһ㣬״ֲЩʪۿȻûп˵ģСȻó˵㣬ǿֵŵˡ
ǰ
ҪȻҲӡ
ôСӣҸоںԱҪȥȴңţȴϣĺãˣ
̲ס˳ӡ
ŨŨɥΡ
ֻȴ֣صĿ⿴Ŷ㣬ѹ
ȻūţūҲūŵϵģǣƴǣǱúõ̷ӣӲһζҪкǣҲܾôԴУ۸ǣ
ȻʣǾͲܹǲˣ
ţȴظֻĻʣǾͲҪǲˣ
ô尡
ô
СĻҲ˲ȼ˶еϣö˻ȥ뷨ҰɣԼĲ֪ôˣ
úúãżǺúõ룬ô죿
İֻŵĿڣüͷǽһװ˼ģֻͻȻĿһ

1105 㲻ʣͶ壨3

1105 㲻ʣͶ壨3
㣬֪ôˣ
ֻ°ĿŶѾȲˡ
ѽСӣʱͱˣϽ˵˵ҵӦô죿
ôùյͷôей
С˵ģǸֻĻ
Ҳˡ
ݱū澹Ů
ʹʲôӦõģǶǷģӦþôĹĻơ
Ҫ
ر֡
ҲѾɾˣڶԣ滹һûзйʱһͷײȥ
Сӣ˵˵
¡СӾȻ˵а취
ҵ˻ȥһҲҪۣڵң
ҪĶԸһˣҪҵڣеҪһٻߣ˭ǾͰ˭
ֻĿ⾧ŶһĳıߣϹĳ̶ˣǺ޼Ǳе鶼һ飬ԻãǾֻѡһַʽ
ҪҾãһְ취ҪȽϺá
Ϊʲô
ֻĻƶҲŽżҲĿֻΪʲô˵һְ취ȽϺá
ֻһЦӵĿŶżȻ˵ˣǱúõĽӶҵһõĽ취
㿴
һְ취Ϲ㣬Ϲʲôأ
ڹ棬ǲϲϹģϹҲûʲôʲô顣
촽΢ţҪֻĻ
Ȼֻȴҡҡͷ֪Ҫ˵ʲôһ㣬㣬֪Ҫ˵ϹǺӣͲǻϵģԲԣ
˻
ֻֻصĻ£֮𾪡
ǰСӣô֪
öһֱأ뾹ȻСӶ֪ˣѵ˵ϺͻʺҲ֪
Ȼ֪ˣΪʲôù빬أ
챻СӸŪͿˣֻʶľãСӵĻ˵ʲôǶԵģȲҪСӵĿˣ
ֻЦĿŶ⻹𣿡
Ϻͻʺ㶼ѵ𣿡
ͬ˵ǺǻϵĹ⣬Ϊλ϶Թﲢûаİ⣿Ͽɲְѳֲסأ
صĵͷֻͬĻ
ߡϰﵹʲôҪģֻ㿴ʺҲǶ©һŮˣλԼɷŮ˺ް͵ǣ
ȶشֻԹԵ˵ţΪѾ֪Ů˲ûκεвԼɷŮ˰궼ûУҪ˵ϧˣ
Сӣ˵Ķԣ
ķڷǾ壡
ȷġ
ʵտʼ빬ʱ򣬶ҲһƴǱϣϣƴʲôʱϾʱ俴ĴڣȻӣڹеͲôˡ
Ǻ˺ܾá
ƴǲûаҪ˼ǾֻҲûʲô鲻Ҫҳ޵Լǰ֮󡭡ˣûϣˡ
ûбô𷣣෴ڹĺܺãȴг˷֮˶ˡ
ֱӵĸо𷣻ĥһȵ˿Ҫĳ̶ȣǻʺͻϵĸ黹ôã֮仹иûСӣǵҸκ˶޷ģһףף
ֲأ
ֲûϺͻʺĮӵ̬ԴģԭǴһʼ㲻Ź˵ĻǺǻʼѪ
ϺͻʺȻǣ
̲סֻƴˣƶŶԷĸ飬ӰģĽİ飡
ֻǲɵùһĨŵЦݣڶ㣬ϹҪģҲǻϵĳ谮ɡ
ŵһԭ򣬻ϸܳ谮Ϲģ谮ˣҪĶҲǲģΪˣֻʣһְ취ΪЧҲΪù︶۵ģ
һַˣ
˭
ʣֻ
һ㣬ֻףҲףҪȥֻöϵı˲ΪʺûнͽģôóȻǰȥԻʺʾã˵ʺ𣿡
㲻õĵġ
ԼֻĴЦݸˣ̲סԼһʺʵ£һֱƴŹĹˣʹҶ֪飬߻ʺҲСˣô۵ĶˣҪ˿ʵİæҲܾܺõıԷ

1106 Ƴɹ

1106 Ƴɹ
ҪڹµսľĺõĶˡ
Сӣ˵Ķԣ
ˣ
֪ôˣ
˫սĿҲ˼־Ȼ˱ǻʺˣ޲εʱϣʺʧ˻ϵĳ谮ϱὫĿˣ
ȥʺǰ⣬Ժ󣬱ŻʺԸùڣǲԴĵĹŮģ
ֻźۼ˿ĵĶ˵ЩɵɵĶֻЦӯӯ˵պūҲŶ㣬ڻϵ˵һĳĹóѵģ
һŬ
ΪЦСӣллˣ
㣬˾ͺãܿ㿪ģūĺܸˣֻЦЦοܳϹĺˣĹҲźôģ˭ܱ֤ûϹٷһ죬ǲǻܺ
֣صĵͷ
ˣڿ۾ҪϹˣʱֻϹԸˣ
ʱҲˣūŻҪȥϵ߻ػ㲻˵ȥˡֻҪߣūǰֻϴߴһҪϵĿһЩϺͻʺЩˡ
Ȼ
ڳдļܣĻʲôҪȥϡ
ЩˣСӣ㿴
ľ޵֮ѾһƬǽˣľǿ϶ٹˣֻʣûҲǲܵģڻϺͻʺǰһӡ󣬱ǲֲˡ
ֻĵͷĶļ򣬡ûϵĶ㣬ū֪ôȥϵǰȡһЩʱģ˵ǸոýţʲôҪãгҲЩ̫ɾ֮ǰæŴɨŵˡ
ĸмлСӣȫ
ֻЩΣֻǶ㣬ūŲܰһɨˣ
ǺƳɹˣҪٴȥҩЧʧãֻòҪȥˡ
ԼòƵˣǻŷãöٶֻҪЩ뿪ˣ
ûϵԼͿԣҡҡͷЩȥɣҲ𷣣
ã
ūűˣ
ֻͬĵͷߵʱ򻹲һ⣬㣬ڼ䣬Ҫúõ룬ôʺЧңġ
䣬ֻ㲻κεͣǿ첽ĻصԼķУץʱ佫ԼѻãǼС̫Ҳصļô֮¶ڡ
СеĶСôһ֮Ȼɲ٣Ҳٶ¶Ц⣬ֽʰ˳бҵĶĿʼ³ˡ
ƴۿŵü˳۵ȴһƬ⣬ƺҪһ
иǾúЦ
빬µʱ䣬ЩȲ
Щʧܵġ
ƴ򴽣Цڵϵȴ֪Լһƴǵûȥ᲻
ʵû취ˡ
ʱ䣬ôŬ޷߽ƴǵ棬Ӧ˵߽ƴǵ棬̫ݳˣ˵ôŬҲԼĻᡣ
ƴǺֻĸʵ̫ιˡ
һ˼ʮķޡ
֮Ĺϵιֺ̣ۣҲĿɳ֮
ߡ
ֻǰ㣬ҪֻȽʲôõ³ֻǻᱻֻȵĸң޷ȡ衣
һֱôȥԼܿıû߸ǽ֮ڡ
У
빬ʱĵģԲԾԼĴ껪˷֮УΪԹ
ǡʧ֮ڸ˼ƻ
ѾҪõƴǵĳ谮˶εҪƴиˡ
ѾӸףԶƴǵĳ谮ˣûֻڣĽοֻŻȻֻҪӾͺˡ
˺֮ӱ԰ĸ
գŵҪЮĺӵǻλǴӸ֮󲻹ĺлΪ̫ӣ
ҪĺӳΪ̫Ӽ̳дͳĸ׵ģҲȻˮǴ
һֱǸҰĵˡ
ȨƵĿȶ˺ͰĿҪŨ
ǺСʱĳɳżĹϵġ
ƴҲãҲգҪǿֻһҪԭ˶ԼѱϼҼƵݣΪˡ
ȥŻš
Ҳֻ֪ƴһűļƻֻǸڰˡ
ԣһΣΨһһλᣬһεĻûкúõİסôԺҪвγأǶûлˡ

1107 

1107 
ǵġ
ھвƴǣҪŵĵͼƴһʽףһӣ
ƴҲҪȥˡ

ƴٿվȻ̧ͷҪȥƴǵɫ
ƴǷĿݵϣȴκεı顣
ϡ
۽һ飬ĿƴǣҪ˵ľ𡭡
ƴƳı֣һĴȴδֻ˵Ϲ˵Ļ޻úõ˼ģҲᾡĸϹش𡣡
޻£ˣ
˵գƴǱǵ뿪ķ䡣
ƴȥӵվ۲Լ۽ǵˮĿüĽһš
ڼ䡣
ƴޱ飬ֻûʲô仯ȴǶƴƵƵĿһټ򵥵ųԵѹ֣Եļ˼죬ߵļŮҲǸ¡
ݲݵĳԹ˷֮ƴǽ˵ҪʹмӼ۱һص¥ϵĿͷ֮ˡ
ֻҲûʲô˵ģ׷׵ƴǵ뿪ȥص˸Եķ֮ڡ
ľԹ޵ĿŶȴǲǰκͶ˶ûֵôԼܵԽԽ࣬ҲľǴ淸

һֱ˼Сߵʱ˵ĻĥӦõôԼͶϿǰȻֻɵԼأ
Ǹ⡣
ҹĵˣԶԶľԵʣ硣
ĶƲŨĻҹĻϣСһһɢŹâյĵϰѩ
ƴֻ֪ҪҪ˵ԼҲҪ´ֻ㹻ʱͿռ䡣
ֻ֮طһֱڽƲڷⲽȴŶǰ
ڽŵĵȴƴ˼ĽҪҪԼ
һĨӰҹ֮󣬴ƴǻԼķۣһһ˭ķﶼûȥȻֻķš
ֻȻ£ûŪı㵽˷Ŵ˷š
ɫŵĶɻü

ʿˮĿֻ˵ʺɷʺū澽ȥȻūʺ
ֻķûаһȴ¥ݹսǵĶ棬ֻ˵ĻҪĸˣ
ò׶ǰ˸ľ޺ͺĶںԺϢ͵͵ˣ
ɣ
лʺѸٵļ˷֮ڡ
ֻƳһ۷㽫Ŵ򿪣ʾⶫţֻĽŽա
ϣֻüĽšǳص»صԲľʵȴһˣȻֻǰڵĶǲûôԼֻ뵽ʲôıˡ
ڿˡ
˵ɣұʲôҪ飿
ִʲô
ֻ΢̧ӵĿŶ붫ȴɫأδü˵㾶Թֻǰʺū澹ǹ˼ūЩҪ飬ūһᣡ
䣬صֻǰ˸ͷȥֻ񣬶ֻȴʲô˵һ㣬üĿŶŶ
Ǽ˼
ͷĻش𣬡ҪʺᣬöܺúõЧһʺ
ţ
ô˵
ֻӣȴŶڡ
ֻûоܾѾһϲ΢΢ЩĽ͵ū׸ڹߣҲǶĹǰЩӲ֪Ϊʲôжū˼ޣﾹȻ
Ȼūҩʹūʧס
Ѿȥ˺Щ죬ʱԾöʹļס
˵ʱҲЩġ
ūûʲôԲ飬Ҳ֣֮ʺūҲˣҲкúûȥȨݲū澣ū澱Żʺܹģʺūһ·׼ū澼úõĻȥ
˵ĿС
ֻȴǺһˣɳĬ
׹ڵϵĶкƺȴֻÿһ̶˵̲סɤеǰš
ƺȴ˰ǰڶ֮£׵ֻ˶촽֮ͬ˵ǰ㣬ϹȷǸ̷ֵӣҪı·Ҳ޿ɺǣϾ˶ţû˻úõıҪѰ
ֻ˵ͷһϲ
ֻǡ
Ȼֻȴһ٣ֱжеϲɫ̽ӲԽĽţ˵޷
ٶȳֻ˸ͷ

1108 Ҫͼ

1108 Ҫͼ
ֻǣϹһֱ֣ȥᣬǲȥᣬȴǲ֪ģǰƭģֻǲ뽫ʱ;˷ûбҪ˵ϣͻͱ˵ҪЧұбأ
ֻ۾ǳЦȻ
Ҳʱֱӽ˶Ǹһ̫ڷǳĸоƱҪССĿһ¶ܸöġ
Ȼֻ˵˻֮󣬶ϾŶȻʧ٣øϣҲӦõģūԸĿ飬ֻҪԸū澻ᣬŵԱ֤ūպİȫôūԸԺֻЧһˣ壡
á
Ȼ˵ˣǱᡣ
˶˵ıֻ֤ҲŤȥˣֱ˵ĺͶ˵Լ˼ҪȥŵĵͼȻܽڵͼϸıȻǸģҲûϵָֻͻȥţ飬ˣ
ֻ΢̧ϵĿŶô
ֱӣüĽšĿֻȴֻ˵Ļȥŵĵͼڲĵͼ
ȷҪģȴûҪš
ŵֶκϼҼԸ񡭡ֻҪ룬亹󣬴ıɢ־壬ʵɵ
ԸҲľʹӦڡ
ǿ㣬ֻǽҪ˵ǿԼ뷨ֻɫȻ·ȱ֪ԥһҲûľʹӦˣ²Ļɡ
ԥʵȨ⣬Ϊš
ǸسŵˣȻǲϹһ㣬ңͻҪȥţҲ޷İˣȥʲôҲûôɵҪ֮ȥſ⡣
ֻݸЦЦ֮ͬҪЩһҪ˵ĻǷģ⣬ڱͻ϶ԣҲֻҪһֶΰˣ򲻵ѣǿ϶óõģڽ㶶ǸӲڵ飬Ӧ벻Ӧȫ㡣

Ҫһ䣬ǻûȥ֮ǰЧ
ϹܲסϵѹȣϺͱȥʱҪͬ˵ҪԱͶϣ㲻Ҫˣ𣿡
ֻȻЦŵģϵıȴأԾɢƸöþη
صĵ˸ͷƬ֮Ѿ˾һ㣬ʺūԸ⡣
ūԸȥŵĵͼ˵ģĵͼǶҪҲˡ
ݱ΢ǰ̷ҲֻǾסڹԺ棬ȥԵĵططĵΣǲ˽⣬ټθӣֻūʵ
ĵֻ͡
ʵֻҪ󲢲֣ҪǻͻȻиߵū˵ҪԼͶϣԼҲģҪ֤һ£ҡֻֻƴҲ綼ҵţˣֻǰãҲǱţ
ʱɱ˵˫ۣЩʱҲǻ˵˼άø
ڱϣ쳣˼;
á
ֻǹһĨЦݣǱĺϢñ̫ˡ
ǡ
ĳֻ˸ѸٵȥصԼķ֮С
ҪֻһͼǼ򵥣ҪźĺľЩѵģôѰ˸ûᣬһء
˼ţͻȻ⡣
ˣ
ҿСӹæҿţ
ĿͻȻǺܿģͷֱѹȥСƴߵˣҪʱ̶̷ƴǵߵģĹԼǱƴǷˣҲҪƴ𷣡
ţҧŴ
Ѿڷ˯˵ĺĺľޣѹûлص֮ڣ͵͵ȥ˷֧˱ʺֽĵĶ˿ջİ
ǧ;褵һػŵȱѾֻܶʲôҪʱҪæһ¶ʱţҲûгֻ֣ǰеĶš
üŬĻŵ֮ĵطһһʮֽϻ˳
Ѿҹʱ֡
ڷеȴ԰˯
Ѿƴ˵Լ˼˵ƴҪôǴҪôͬǲôӦøԼһģô
ôˣſͷڵ𣬺ƴǻδæ곯ƴǵǻӦǲӦأ
Ϲڴϣв¶Ҳܻ˼롣
˵ƴǵ̬ȺͷӦ֮⣬˽ʱľĨС̫Ӱ

1109 Ϲ

1109  Ϲ
һ㹬С̫࣬ƴߵģǼģϵóġ
֮ǰʱҴһƳǸӰĪϤȴʼն벻ƴһС̫࣬Ϥĸоȴͷ֮ȥҪ֮һ㡣
þòͻ
ڴŵʱ˼ƴǾ᲻ӦҪ֮⣬ҲеʱһС̫ࡣ
ͻȻ
ã𾪡
ȻĴӴĺ촽̲ס󣬡ˣ˷ǡֻ
ˣ
ϤıӰûƼС̫òȴҲĪӡ̵ģǰֽСɫƴǵˣΨֻֻһˣ
ֻȻװС̫ࣿ
ʲôëʲôϲã
Ϊڸʲôࣿ
ֻøӲˣȴͷ֮ǰȫûġ
ͻȻֻôһУĽмܲס
ֻٰС̫ҪʲôܹǶԼŲõӰģСܾôֻװȥһҪҸῴ
ȻӴȻȴոߵſڵʱͣ
ֻӦǻԼѵģȥҲʲʲôǻֻ´ҪץֻСӿɾûôˣҸ˶ֻС
뵽⣬ͻȻŷĺš


ãδӦ
ɫָų˼֣ѾͷѾС̫̣ˣȻʵ֣Ǹ˵úõĴڷҹ
ѾͷȻΥΥּ⡣
ŭĴ򿪷ţȥҵʦȻû뵽һ򿪷ŵʱȴͻȻڷűԵ˯˵ĶԭȻ˯ˣ
ɫֻ࣬΢΢üͷǰ˶ţѡ
ãȻ˫ۣЩӳٻĿһŷӦ

кηԸ
ū澸ū澾Ȼ˯ˡ
ǰ֮˯ʱȫæĹĹǰˡ
ˡ
ɣ
ո·ۣڽ֮ҾûʹĲοǶһֱڵŸ棬Ҳǲ⣬ҲΥԼּˣеŭҲûôˡ
·Ը㣬汾
ĿƳ˶žʧϣתȻص˷֮С
ĵطʵһ˰亹
ûãҺӦļʱҪץ˸ˡ
ԭǻȥŵĵͼȥֻģôȻδϢںҲ˵ķýģҲԼԼҪˣ
ǣ
ԼϹı飬ĸ˷š
Щˡ
֪Щˡ
ǻص֮󣬶ȻúõϢ
ǳЦŵĿųϻ̳ϿֵĶϵıζ
ܾĵ˵ͷĻ˵Ŀˣū򲻸ҡ
ҪҪԸȥġٺͶαѣֱ˵ԼĿģҪ̷󣬽Żʺʲô飬ͱ㱨𣿡
ûĶԼѾģǺܷĴ󵨵Ľ齻ȥ
ලֻ
Ǻǡ
ҪǴǰ϶ʵʵȥæල𡭡
æǻֻСġ
ȻϻҪȥġ
صĵͷǹǰá
ūһᾡĽʮ־æﶢʺȻʧ
ˣʱҲˣﲻ̷ˣȥúõϢɣĵ˵ͷ˶ҪظҲźöˡ
ۼƴǲķˣʱҲʱþˡ
ū澸ˣ
뿪ҼŹغãǳ֮󣬶ȴһƬ⣬ķţԥȥֻķ䵱С
ֻȱһֱڵȴŶ

׼ȷ˵ֻһֱδޣڵȴŶĵͼ
Ȼҩ۶ԸҪõĽΪãҪԼĸԸУÿζҩܹʱ򣬺ǲףĸԸŻκεĺۼҲʡ¶
űֻ֮ٿŴ󿪣Ѷӭ˽ȥ
ģûκ˲
ʺ
ĽõĵͼֻǰʺҪĶū澶Ѿ׼ˣʺﰴ֮ǰĳŵūһ·

1110 

1110 
ֻ˫ַϵĵͼ˹ĿѸٵǵͼ滮עϸӦûκε©ˣֻϵĽʧü֮仺¶Ц⣬á
ܺá
Ȼûñʧ
ֻԼԶҵԶ³ŵȻѾ˱Ҫ飬ֳ㼫ĳ⣬ǱҲǰԶŵˣӽպɱţҪϹߣôɰбİΣǲϹߴţ֮͵ȫĵطҸǧԺǣû˻ȥŵ㣡
ò˵ֻʵ̫ˣ
ʱֹסϲæֻͷллʺлʺ
ʵֻ˵ְ취ʧΪһõȥǵڶ֡Իָ֮Ӵ˲ٵһȣеūŶҪɡǧ뱲ӻǿʳǵˡ
ǡ
ǱģϣۿʹĴۣܱͷ֮ޣ
Ƭ֮䣬Ѿ˾ٶȹĳֻ˸ͷʺ񰮣ҪϹ̷պʺǡ
á
Ȼѡ񣬱л˼ˡ
ŶߣֻԽԸģͲöʱ̼ලȻٶ֪һЩıƣŵıƵġ
ʱˣЩʱȥϢɡ
ʲôҪһòȥ㡣
ҪұĵطҲڲǰ˵ˣ
ֻǧлĵ˵ͷٵ˷ſڵʱȴͻȻͣĿֻ˻ʺū澻һҪպһҪľŹҲ֪ôˣȻͻȻ˵ū澼Ķ򣬲ʲôҪū澺İп̽ţȻ档
š
ڵֻҲӦֻġ
Ȼֻ˶Ļ֮вɵÿһǺܿģ㷴ӦҲûʲô쳣ã֪ˣл
ֻлȥ
Ƿٶȹϵʱֻȴٶֳǳ
ȻҪ˼ԼһһѾԼ
ǻԼʲôأ
ܹʱҪСĽһЩʲôߡ
ֻԼĲѹȥŶõĵͼȥƴǵĿͷ֮С

ƴüȻϵıǲɵģƲü䣬ڼֻʱ΢΢Щȵġ
ֻĵǰϣôˣ
ǹгʲôҪ飿
ڿɾǳƸ軹أǳƸʲôɣ
ǳƸ£ƴǱӦǽŵģǳ
ƴûֱӻشֻ⣬ֱӽмӼ͵ֻǰܲ֡
졭֣ܲ
ֻ۽˹üעݡ
ʷڵʱС
ǻֳĸҵģĸ㶦ͬŻȨ
гʵΪףΣʣµұֱǳͱˮС
ֻ⼸굱УʵΪ׵ĳưҺͻȨĸʵѾΪ׵λˣҲ˷츲صı仯
ƴǴϹ£ƽɳǵΣѵһ֧ľӣѾĩ
ڳͱˮ
ЩĹ˴磬ԴЩ곯˱֮󣬱ˣǹ鵽Σȴû׼ȷ֪ġ
ҳͱˮ볯ڵģһΪȻϣг赲ǰȫǳ㲻һˣͳͱˮڶЩʱΪǿ˼ҲҪļ䣬¶
ȴһˡ
ӦǺʵ޼ġ
һֱĹΪ£ϹֻƴĸˣԭѾĽһ˵пű֦ͬġ
Ҳ͸γѹ
˭ܱ֤ͳֳ֮󲻻˼
һҪ̲ĹңһΪأ
Ļʵ䱸֮Ҳ֮еģϾ˲Ϊ𣬺οʵۣϼ縺հΣصǲǰԼĹıĻֻǻˡ
ߡ
ºϾñط֣־ñغϡ
Ǵ
Ĺʱ̫ã̫ˣ¸Ǳǿ׳ܶ಻е̬Ͳס
һ̣綼ҪģֻǿʱȺѡ

Ȳ˶׻ǳƴǵ˼ģЩ⧲
Щʱ򻹺ã˲ֵĶƴǶǿ⣬Ҳܿǳ̬Ȼ

1111 ʮֵľ

1111  ʮֵľ
Ȼڳ֪֮ŵҰĲ֮ƴǱ㲻ó̬Ĺ춯ˣӦñʮֵľͻɡ
ɾǸùĻʵ۵Աǳıǡŵ
ǰ߻ãЩ춯ҲǿתģǺߣһս綼ҪǱ㲻òǰı׼ˡ
ƴĿ磬ֻüš
ͳڵĵطأУİվɳ룬ó׻߸·̽ףǾƴǴֻ뿪ʹһ죬ͻȻʿΧ˸ˮйͨڵĳվץ˴İոֱӱس֮⣬κγİ̤롣
ǡ
ҪռΪУ
šս˼ˣ
ֻĿѸٵɨϵݣ»ȥƴǵǰͬʱŵݸƴǵģһȥŵ·ߵĵͼ
ƴǽüɿĿ⿴ֻ޵Ļʺ˽ﻨĻʺ󣬱ǳ֮ٷǣ޵ҲǿԿοˣ
ֻ򴽣ݸЦţϻ˼Ȥ檣ͬ˵ЦҲ鲻̫֮еû̫æҪЦģ
ôŪģ
ƴǵײǳ٬֮ˣֻͬȼȤ֮󣬱ɫĿֻеݹĵͼˣͼϸ֮·ҲĺﻹŵĸںͰҲעʱ򣬶ƴ˵ѩ̿
ݵͼֻǿԲܵвҵڣǿԸԼһ·ܵʲô쳣߹ĻҲǱţǰ׼ó˵·ߺͲ֮
ϹߵĹŮ
Ϲ˶ģѾɹˮЧͼҵģΪŵҴӦǲһڰбİȫֻʵĻشǲ¶Ҫƴ⡣
㿴ûʲôʵѡǲȥʶ˲ࡣ
ƴ΢Ƭ̣ͷӦ˹ȥãͽҰɡ
ǲ褹ȥá
ƴʾֻĪҪվһԣԼ£ֻ˵ͷ֮󣬱ϵȴδͶ٣ƴǿڣ⣬ŵĹʦҲЩ˽⡣
ȱڶĿ߰˰ˣֻʱ·࣬ûüƴǽͣµͼ֣ձԶȥѰŵȥ·ˣҲ԰ĵúõĳıı
ƴϸ棬ֻ˵ϸ
Ųʦ֮أֻһλʦһĪ꣬ŵϼҼżȻ֮¾ģһֱϼҼЧ͡
ֻǹƳɹԵôЩ걻¹Ƶȿһ

ƴǱĴڵԶ
ֻһʦϢƺеϢ˼ˡ
Ƴֲϡ٣ϡٱ㲻ãǱ㲻иܹƳĥͿˣƴʵǿһģֻҪҵΨһĹʦѰҽİ취ôͻü򵥺ܶˡ
УԶϱĴ干ͬػҵ峤죬š⹲ͬػŵĴ壬ҲǿǢбǿԻ˼¹ĵط
ֻ˸⣬ƴǵĿҲԡ
Ȩ
ǻʶ˵˫ۡ
ڱҲãڳûʼҲãǻһȷѪ꣬Щϵ׽ɥ־ǣУֱ֮ӻŶԳвôֶΪأ
ƴǱĴ΢΢ţֻĿǳ磬ǻʺܵ
ԭΪֻֻҽ߳˼ϸ壬뾹Ȼڳ֮еЩҲļ⡭
ҲǣةΪϹἸʮ꣬ȮŮֻΪةŮôǻƿݰأ
ֻЦеġ
ʵƴô벻ֻ뵽飬ֻЩֻ˵ҪԵ÷㣬ϾƴλģܶǲģֻȴһһŮ֮Ȼô˳ôˣ
һҪ顣
ƴǣʵȿʼӦ̹׵ģֻǵʱСһδָ䣬˵лЩ׵ģڡ
ֻһ٣ȻǷ˵Щ㹻ƴǵ˲СĲ
С
ô˵СѾָˣ
ƴǺܿģץסֻеص㣬ٶֻѯʡ

1112 ̹

1112 ̹
ƴɻ֮£ֻصĵ˵ͷš
ҲµûĻСѾָ˼ˡ
ǡֻüšţԼôʲ׼ȷ֮æĸĿڵѾָˣ
ǲ²⡣
Ҳǿܡ
ǿ϶
ݷߵ书ƴĸҪݷ֣ҲƱػֳС춯ģԲôϢ
ԣֻԺܿ϶ǡݷ㲢˲ʧģǡԼ뿪
Ȼ뿪ôȻѾָȫļ䣬һʡ
Сݡ֮ǰ˵ܣϣһӶ棬Զ˵ֻϵıЩأŵ̾˿ȴȫݷϧ
СһӲָöãһ˾ܿĵȥˣҲٻصǸǱѵš
ϧվֻֻһ˵뷨ˣЩ˽
ݷôһӲָأŵļ˵ȻЩݣɱϾٲĽҲвɻȱһ֣ݷܹҪȥŵģˣҲЩݺ˰װ׵Ĺң̹
ıĪǺйأ
ַֻӦƴǳƬ֮ڡ
Ȼʣȴûаֵɻ
Ѿǿ϶̬ˡ
ƾƴǵĴֻԥģҲѲ²⡣
ֻƴעصĵͷǣСݲǺйϵšܴĹϵ
С㱾ۡ
ۡ
ֻ֣Ѿ㹻˵һС
ֻƴϵıԽˣȻݷڵЩ׼ģֻ˵Сϼҵ˵ʱ򣬻Щ㵵ģǲֻ˵ƴҲ뵽ݷ㡭Ҳ۵ı󡭡ӦһξĶǵĻɣ
ֻǴݷһʼƴϸ˵
ССʱľЩ쳣ģһͱˣΪĸ׺ĸ׳ʱﶼûܻϺӣһĸ׻һңúˣе˶ǺӿܲģǺͱȾ̥ᣬ֮ҲΪǨŭĸף̬ԽĶӣһΡ
һξȻʧִСĸס
СĸףС㡭Ȼƴõģֻ˵֮Ҳǲɵ𾪣ݷĸǱĸ׸ˣݷأݷôôŵģ
δҲЩ̫˼˰ɣ
ƴǱΪݷݻЩӣڿֻЩӣǡ൱ĸӣ
ƴǵɻֻ˵е˶ΪСˣ˭û뵽֮ĲԵ˷һǶĳмͷС֮⣬һ·ץĺӡ
ǰֻ֪ģںƴʱ򣬻ǲɵֻëȻʱۿˣָһ׳۵ĳ
ӣС㣿
ƴ˳ֻĻ˳ڣֻصĵ˵ͷǵģС㣬ҲǺۡ
ԣƴϵı鲻ɵ˫ԶɽһüҲʼһͯ겻ҵˣԺҲǲҵģֲҲᲨˡ
ƴȵǵˣֻ
ֻȻݷ㣬ദôꣿ
ңֻı飬ƺݷĲң㡭
ԣǱǾȻġƴǽüš
ֻٶȵͷСĸĵڶͷ˺ˮһ±㽫ĸ׵Ĺײĸ˳ꤵҰǱǿ˹ײġҧСĸ׵ĶӣȻһͷĸǱ㷢С㣬˻ȥ󡣡
ȴ֪ΪСǱȺˣԴСĸѡһĹذȥ
ֻĿ浾ƴǵϣԭֻҪģֻǶƴǣǶݷҲ𣬿ڡݷʧ٣ֻãбҪͬƴ˵ŷһģһͬŰ취ζԴС㣡
ֻ˵СĹҲͶ֪ģƴǲỳɡ
Ͼŵͼȣֻ֪һЩŵҲ˵ùȥģ
űƴǣֻּ˵˱㽫СͻصϼңϼҼСĸȴԸСݣԸǸ˵˻ֻǺĺϼҵĹѪ

1113 

1113 
Ǹ˱ûа취ֻܽСȥҺǸʱСͲ󣬺ܿıӦֻѧķʽԷ˯£չֳѧ֮ڳ˵츳
ֻĿ
ݷı仯ʵ˴㵾ȡ
Щĺòϰɣ˻Ѽ꣬ʮϰܶ˼Ҹտʼﵽĸ߶ȸߡ
ʱ书ѾﵽΡ
ϼҼСĸ׼״ҪСӻȥѵˡ
̵ֻĽë˵ʱɵö˶˶ôʵСûʵ֮ǰ֮ģԼ׿һ۶öˣһСչֳԼļֵ֮󣬱̻עӡ
пԱõĹߡ
Ҳ֪СǸһǸòˡ
Լ츳ǱģҵǡԼףһҪֵͷ֮ʵǹѵ
С㲢ȥ
ֻüĽСһĺӰɣһǱĸģΧ˶һûһԸ棬ûһԸͬ˵ʱ򡭡
ϼҼǲȥ
µĻֻûټ˵ȥˣƴǵԺѾ뵽ֵ֮Ļ棬ϼҼҰжȻǴıƵģҪ볯ĻʹݷôǱĺӡҲҪץеİɡ
ͻȻ
ƴǺ뵽һص㣬ֻҲǶһɻģ˵Ǻӡ
еһӵġ
ǺеĲƴԼġ
ֻ˵ϼҼȥۡ
ԡֻһܣǸӿǡ۵ģ
ǣ
ƴǵɻ֮£δʳڣֻصĵ˵ͷǺӣݷġ
ֻ룬ֽ͵ڼǺӵʬʱ͵͵һЩѪĹŰҽ˵ش֤ѪǷΪӵı¡
ʲôѪ׵ġ
˿ƼִľֻҲûҪôؼʱ̺ƴ̸ѪҺڣֻ⣬ͬѪͼɣѪ̫ܲϡ
ԣƴһĬ֮Уſ˵ȱѾ֪ϼҼĿĲ빬ʲôıģȴ롭ȻǴôǰ㿪ʼƵģ
ˡ
Ǻܶǰ
ݷʧֻ߶ˡ
ݷ֮ǰӽݷ㡭
ϼҼҪʲô
ŻôǰͿʼƣһֱ֣
ֻ˵С㵱꣬Ҫ˽ģ뿪źϼҼĿƣǺ֪ΪʲôᱳС㣬й¶˵٣ϼҼǰ˷СΪҪȫʧֱϼҼ˴£
ǰƴԼ˵Сľʱֻ
ģʵȴޱȵĺҪΪ˼˵Ĺ⣬ƾ۵书Ҳסģοֻһϼң
ֻΪţϼҼѰ˿еĻˣһߵģ
ԣŻżҪţҲСԭɡƴĵ˵ͷƺݷǰľҲидͬ飬Ƚ֮£ԼܵЩ۵㲻ʲôˡ
ֻݷ㵽ǽܶģֻмǹݷҲ޿ɺǣƴǶǿġ
ֻ˵ͷĿЩƮԶǰҪСǲǵװȫ
Ȼ书ٸߣϼҼıϾźϼģҪСһ֮ŶԿӮˣҲҪصĴ۵ģҵҪһֻݷߣֻϣСƽˡ
һУǵ֮ڵʱ˵ɡ
ƴǰֻļ򣬡ġ
СҲçײˣġ
š
µҲֻˡ
ֻƴЦЦʱˣЩʱջҪ·ǴҲ̫ˣʵڲɣͻǽȥɣ
㣬ֻĿһĽƴҲ򴽵Ц⵹ǲʧΪһð취
ҽЩ۴֮󣬱˳һȥة࣬ةպ۶޵ˣ˳һ£Ȣ˸޷ǵĺûʺ󡣡
ֵֻһƴǣϣôأ
ҲŲҪˣ
ԼҲôģ
ƴԼҪڵģֻ˵ƴҲǻô㣬ȴҪ˦Լϣ
ֻŲӣ

1114 ϰǸµϰ

1114 ϰǸµϰ
ƴЦ󣬽ֻֽյȭͷģ˺ˣġ
ұ˵ԼҪôܺͻʺйϵء
⻹࣡
ֻҪԼִƴǵĳȴƴľˣԼֻֿˡ
ҹɫŨ
˿ûɪһ·ϵ·ԵķҶĻ죬ƺǱѪȾһ㡣
һҹδܰߣʱҲǾģ᲻
ƴһҹǰδʲô죬ƴǰҪԼظ˼˲ú֪ԼȥһǶԻǴ
һƴֺвأ
ʱ򣬲ûܳɹƴǵĺӣϹҲݲأ
˲˯ȫޣ޹Ҳ˲ŽԼŵЩҩѡһ˳УɫҪŮ̷

΢̧Щͷŷ⺰š
ʵѾǲҪöˣκϰǸµϰߣѾ֮޷ĵģ̷ʮ꣬ѾϰˣӦġ
֮£Ҳֻá
Ӧţľ޵ȴǼʣߺ޵˦˦ӡ
һεҡͷ

Ľ˷䣬й֮㿪˵ǷҪˣū̷ɡ
˵ͷ֮ȴ⣺ôˣ
Ƿʲôߣ
⻰ָǡֻûзʲô⡣
ɫı飬ҡҡͷĻūһֱţδƼʺ룬ûʲôԾĵط
ɻѲԼۻˣ
Ϊ̫ǺֻˣŻʶĿɵģȷˣΪֻ
΢˼Ƭ̿ڣʱ仹٣ҶŰɣĪҪ˾ˡ
ǣ
ס
һæϴ֮Ȼƴǵ鷿ȥȻƴǲôƴǺˣѾ̶ȣҪѾ˳ˣĿǶȻˡ
ƴǼļǺҲա
ƴҪţǱһҪԼĴ·УŵƸӣ֪ģûϤ˴·Ҳǽȥģοûĸǲϲӵұġ
ͬƴĵݡ
ԼȲֻɫܹǱȵӹ֬׷ۺõĶˣŵ̬ȥƴǱû̻شҲӦڻɲǡ
ţƴǵķš
ǸԷˣ׷ô걻ϼҼõģҪ˽ˣûСֻûУһֱǿǿ˽ա
Ժ󡭡Ҳɲı䡣
ƴͷ취ҲС
еҩ۱߬ţСҪĲҲǱǰ

ƴǵͳɳƵŷŴ
ɫϲƿ˷ţڵˮϣŻҹһֱۣһȲ裬Ϻ£滺һƣ
ţ°ɡ
лϹ
ƴǲδȥĶǲȥԡ
ֻѾŪ˵ͼƴǶԣûбҪҪ˷Ѵˡ
ЦˮĽˮƴǰϣȴδžʹµ˼ǿûĵƴǣ΢ü룬˵ϡ飬ϾáΣ
޻úõģûʲôĻϹȥϢɡ
ƴͷû̧ķţȴԽĲģҧԼӣһĺ촽վڷгٳδ
ϣ檲ŵϵģֻǳ檿Ż·࣬Ҫ΢һЩౡ֮Ҫ̷ڻϵߡ
ƴǷеۣۿ޼ǵãϹ빬ʱ򣬿˵ţֻҪԶԶ޾Ϳˡ
Ҫø𣿡
ƴǻһϬɫףϡ檲˼
ֻϷǰˡ
ƴǵ鷿Ѹٵȥֻţۼսȥûãһںƴ˵ֻ߱ƿ˷ţյƴһʾ⣬ֻĵͷǴ΢΢һĨЦݣֱӿ粽ƴǵߡ
ϣѾ׼ˣǿˣ
ã
ƴǵ˵ͷеƳһ֮󣬱㻽ǧæʰۣһԵȴɫϣֻ뵽һ𣬱е˫ֽգֻҲǴżԹġ
Ѿֻƴǵĳ谮ˣֻ˶һӡ
ƴΪĵֻиһڣΪʺƴǿ֦ɢҶȴƶʣһ㶼

1115 һ

1115 һ
ʱĺҪֻƽʱĻɥʧǵģǻʹȫޡ
ԭڲ豭ҩֻۣƴǺ²ˮ֮㶯飬˷֮ʵҲҩȡһУɹĻƴǵĺӣʱľѳۣƴѲɻɱɣ
ҲƴɱԼĻġ
ֻҪиеǿͿˡ
û뵽
ֻˡ
ôؼʱŵԼ
ٺõԣһŽ֮Ҳʹġ
ҡ
ֻĺõĽѾʰöˣ
̣
ʲộ
ȥŵ·ֻԼ֪ûԼ·Ǳͨı¶Ҳŵģʲôֻ˴ĵֻԼ
ʺ
Ǵȥģ
ƴǵӰδŵʱٿؿڽסƴǣϣûгǰ·θ·ֻ˷ʱģ
Ϊ˴Ȩ룬檾ãӦúúõ볼檵ǡ
С
ʺ
֪ͻϵĸǳʶģǳҲûдʲôֻǳҲΪĸŻ˱΢뷨ģʺ󷢴ȱģȫһΡ
УĿ֪ģΪֻʲôΪŻΪķŵ̬Լ
οǳӣ°յĻϣǻʺһ˵ģǧ֮е飬ʺΪһ˽Ҫ϶ռأ
ƴɫ˼֣ȴǱֻ
Ƭ֮䣬ֻѾӦԵİ취Ϲ˵ļǡ
ҲʱȰοӦùɺֻϹҲƼˣ·࣬ʵǿеʱ伫٣ǱҲö߶Żˣ֪ʱϹȴҪԴΪ⣿
ѲҪ˳е¶Ϲ𣿡
Ѿ̲˵Ҫֻ˺ƤôֻҲûҪٺװȥܹһҪĿԵġ
ߡǵȷ⣬ʱǲʺŮ֮µģҹƴǵҪҲĿˣ治֪ǴǴ뵽Ҫȥ̷ƴǡ
˵Ǵɣֶʵڲ̫ЩСں󹬺լŮ̫ˡ
˵ɣǽƴǺֻĺǳס
֪ƴǾԲ谮ģĵģƴǵϲֱӽĿ档
ǽ˷ѽ⡣
ֻס˻ɫףƫƫҲطֻ
ǡ
ȥŵȷһλˡ
Ǳֻڸûϵˡ
һҪúõİס
ϡ
ٿعƴǵǰҲȫȻֻۣ檵ֻôһҪǻϿϳȫԸϷ׳Ϣ
ƴ΢٣ֻĿ⸴ӵĿŹڵϵѸٵͬƴЩĽֻѸٵķӦţȻϺϹҪҪ̸ôȺ򡣡
š
ƴǵͳһ
֮ٶȱֻʣƴˡ
ƴǱĴǽһֱߣšüֱֻ֮ͬȴǻĿڵģ磿
ͳдԺϣƽ׵˾ѹǻȥһ㣺ֻҪԲ˳檵ԸһӣԸȥŵ·ߣڲϣ
䣬ƴǷӦѾڶڣϣ֪ϵһֱŴźǣ檼޸ϳΪӦԻ֪޲޲ΪűĹɭϣʹó檶ԻϲҶԣԸһӣôҲԸȥĸ߻ϡ
Ϊƫ˵ƫִ
ݵģƴšüװ˼ʵ
ϣûΪĸ֪һʧȥӵĸ׵ζԭΪܰùȥģÿÿӳлʺϥµʱ򶼻ޱᣬҹ֮󣬳檱԰
ϣįͻʺ񣬳檲żһ³檣ֻҪӡ
һο峼ʧȥ˺ʹǺҲ㳼檶ɹ
صƴǿͷ񣬸ǽļͣ˽Ϊˣǻ˭Ҫĸģƭסˡ
ѻľ辳ǣټ٣ټ棬˵ѻԼֲˡ
ǺӱԼʱĵȷȷʹģȴڡ
УصȨƺ͵λͰ顭ҪȨ֮ܶ۵ġ
ƴüšļأҲ˼ζ֮ð쳣ƺֻʣһ˵ĵ
á

1116 ޿ԴӦ

1116  ޿ԴӦ
ֶƴ˶ģҲһɤУŵĵȴƴǵĻش
޿ԴӦ顣
֮£ƴǻ˵ôһ仰΢㶣ƴʲô˼
Ӧ顭
ʲô飿
ϡ˼ǡ۽ǵҹ۽ǣɻ̽ŵĴƴǡ
ںӵϴӦԼڱϡ
ʵ벻ʲôϻƴǡ
ƴ΢΢תƶ磬ȺӸϲģȨơ
һͣͫ΢ţ𾪵Ŀƴǡ
ƴǡô֪
ֵġ
ܡ
Դ빬֮ĶδֳͲ¶ŵģƴǸ֪һƴǲµģƴҪ׳ԼĻȻ˳ˮټ˵ȥ
ɲ룬ƴǼȻѾ˵˳Ȼ̸̸ô򵥡
˵ڣȻһĵ͸ݵġ
ͬһ˵УȻƴָȨƷ棬Ȼʲôûʲôû˵Ǵĵ׶ȨĿȴǼʶģưϪ̫ӵҲӵй
ϼҼȺΪʧ˺Ӷβż޸ƴǣǡÿ£дҰġ
ܶ鶼ֻǿű棬ֻ˵ĺźϼҶɵ۵ĺӵʱ򡭡ƴеĲ²Խƶˡ
ֻһҰŮˣŻ˺ģԼҲܴȥŻΪȨƲֶΡ
ϡ
ϼҼһˡ
ֻϼҼҰ¶ڱϵģҰԼ὿֮¡
Ǹġ
ЩֻԴ׵ŮǺܴġ
֮еʱֶЩ׾ˣֻΪԵĶ̫ǿƴǲǷˣֻǵ֮ԲŻ޲ߣһͨլһ֮ͱġ
ִ֮ŵҪһӣѾ鰮棬ƴԶˣǿȥֻ֮ضûУ˶Σӡ
㽫ƴǶûκεĸ飬ֻҪ˺ӣϼҼǰ˵ĵλ
ǸӣƺϼҼֶΡ
ϼҼѹô꣬ǱϼҼô꣬ܲޣ
ܲԹ
ûҰģ
ûԶĵˣûԶѡ
ҪϼҼɡƴҲôϼҼġ
պãǿܺճһЭ顣
ƴǲؿҲǿӣֻҪ˴һ£һ¶ԸϼҼ㹻ˣ
ǺˣȻ˵ǱԿſɿҪһ޸ĳŵҪء
Ժúõ롣
ƴλףϵĿڣѾЩ
ˡ
ƴǵݺ͵λ˵ĻǱһġ
˺ӣȴҲֻǿźһĺϼҼƣ¶ŷյģһƵĹϼҼĺܲңƴôһ仰֮󡭡
ƴǺͳϼҼԿʤȫȫҪԼúҪЮϼҼҪЧĶࡣ
ɢŹ
ƴǵĿȷϬ˵۹Ҳܶ
һӿԼƣôǲԼ빬Ҳƴǵ˽֮أ
Ƭ֮úǸӣܹƴǲϷŪԼҲǲмϷŪԼġ
Ƭ̵ԥܿģ㽫Լתǧص˼ѹȥƴǳ˵ϵĻ棿
һԾŶƴǵڡ
ȴһڳŵã
ȻѾԣ檻ŤŤ󷴵Եó檲̹ˣ
ԸæõҪģʱسŵҲ檳Ҫģ
ĳƴס
ƴǱĴ΢΢һĨȣȻ
ǿ϶ģûһϵƴҲǶȻ׼ҰıϼҼΪɽǳϼҼԼµĹơƴҲȻϼҼ

ƴڵȷǴӦæϼҶһϯ֮أڶϼҼλ֮һ㣬ϼҼҰĸĻôƴҲ˳ֽʰˣ
˴˶֪㣬ôల¡
ɱƴǵƴǵ
˲е˼ǾͲֱܹ˶ˣ
õƴǿ϶Ļش⣬ǲɵһǲƴѯʣҲĿ˵ϣڱţ
߰ɣʱ䲻ˣܵ·ˡ
±򴽳˷š
˳ĸƴǵ󣬱ſֻҲǶ˼𾴵ġ
ֻɵɻ

1117 ǿһҪ

1117 ǿһҪ
ģƴǺĳЭ飬ϲŻһµ¶Ц⣬ǡƴôܻӦҪߡƴǵҲǲ׼ġ
Ȼ
ⲻųŵˣڽƳһֶΣΣõġ
ǼֻҲò̫ܡ
ƴǵģƴ֮ĸ飬ƴǾԲǸ׵ͷˣв
вƴǣԶ˫ۡ
ǡ
ҲǣҲǣֻʵ벻ΪʲôŻĳסһԼ
ǳеʱе̬Ȱ
ƴ˫ĿһЦ⣬ȴδֱֻͬͣǺǵǧڣԸȥ̡
߰ɣ
ˣ
ֻüģЦĿƴȥļ㱳Ӱ
С
Ҫθǰɡ
á
Ҳס˭̲סȿڡ
ϣʺɽ·ǵΪûϺͻʺʵĸ·檱㲻߶ŻʺͻϢˣȥڻϺͻʺǰ
һʰ֮ٶ˳䲻⡣
ûմӹҪƴǺֻһϣλã㹻ʱദ
ֻüȻĵ˵ͷá
ȥɣ
ݸЦЦӦ£ûֱ˺ƴȴ֣˸ƣ򴽿ֻ
ֻĿƴǵתƬ̣ɫ̹Ȼ
ҡҡλεٶֻ̣ȽǰһκĿԵʻһεĿԺȷǰˡ
һ·ϣֻΣƴȴɫȻСϣ޳ָ֦໨ɲ豭̵ĲҶҡ֮ڲˮнȾƴǵ޳ָеĸ⾫¡
ƴǺǸû¶һ㣬ֻʼƴǵϣȴûȥ
Ȼܾúֻһ㡣
͵ƴǱץ˸֮һȻԵõƴǣȴǽĹһĨȣʺǾÿڿʣ
ҲҪһȲ裿
˵䣬ƴ˫ǽڷָȻһȲ͵ֻǰתȲǿůӵġ
ƴǽǲˮƵֻǰûҪ̹е˵ʲôֻҧŴĿƴǣʵ̹ȻģƴҲƴžԵΣƴܲԼȥӦ
ƴԽ˵ƫƫŹӣԽֻ档
ƴǾ˵˵ġ
ƴʲôʹˡ
ޡ
˵ЩĻޱʺɻΣ
ƴЦĿż͵ֻųɽĿǳ磬һ·öûʱֻܺúõĶˡ
ȻѾΪ˷ޣƴǵ棬ԶúֻദʱݣƺֻҪһ𣬱ȺȲ裬ʱҲǸá
㣬Ҹ߹һӡ
ʱƴǿֻȹƴ˵ʲôҲҪһֻθڣŹƽ
ֻƴһۣһƴǵݹȲ裺ˡ
ڿ˵˰ɡ
ƴǵ͵͵Ц˳·Ȫһ㣬ѸٵںС
Ҫһס
ƴٿؿֻǰֲɷ˵Ľֻ˻УȵϢֻ֮޼Ūֻֻ˫ֶƴͶ
ʵ
ֻһ·Ҳδһܣûκ˴ŵĸ·ռ䣬ƴǺõġ
ϡ
ˣå
ֻܵĽƴǵһԣա
ʲôӡ
֮ŷƴԽûˡ
滹ǧİأǱ಻ð
Ȼֻ˼뵹ûôأǹȻǷģ
ֻװģϸ۰ΪŵԶͺߣոһĨ糺ģӣһĺ촽΢΢Өķˣڸƴ˵һ㡣
֮䣬ƴǵһĴѾǰסֻੲݵĺ촽
ֻֻһ˲ԿհףǽӲԶ
ƴڵЦ⣬ǽֻǰ
֮󣬲ֻҪϢˣƴǲķſֻ
Ȼſ֮󣬿ֻ΢΢׵ĺ촽Щˡڣˡ
ƴʶ򱡴ֻȴɫǺ죬ߵĽԼͷһԣȥֱƴˡ
ƴǵ̬ȵǺ棬˿ռֻ˵ģƴϵı黹棺ŴŻ֮һҪһԼĺӣ
֪ΪʲôΪƴֻ̫ɣܾǰҸĲУһԼʧȥֻһ㡣
һҪҪӡ
ǽǣһý飬˺֮󣬲ĺǣֻ벻Լˡ
ֻ糺գûƴǡ

1118 ݷ㱻Ϯ

1118 ݷ㱻Ϯ
΢΢Щ⡣
Ỵ̈еĺȴ赲˵ġ
ݷһأӰһƬ֮иԵøįƹһƬ֣󷽱ɽˣݷСʱĵط
Ѿˣ֮ȴȫȻûаͻġ
ֻȡůµģݷĵطһȺɽȣȺԼҰˡ
ֻϧ
ûĳڼϵɱ˲٣ϼҼⱨƬɽ֮ѾҲҰǵټ
ݷ㴹Ųȴᶨһɽ֮ϤİĻипǧ
֪òøлЩɹɱֻʿˡ
ЩʿĳݷһӶָˣһӶֻߣǡһӶ˴ǰļ䣬Ҳһǰıѣƣ͡Ѫ𡭡
ǰװ׵ı˳ˣ
ݷĿĵɽţɳɳĴϣ޸оһ㡣
Ժȴǲ뵽ֻ
Ҳֻ֪ʲôӦѾ֪ԼʧٵϢ˰ɣп϶ҪǹԼģϧݷȴûȥֻôֻأ
ֻʵݣʵŵˣ
Ǹ˵ĺԼģ
һ˵ڡ

ݷӱ
ֻǰӱ
һ·ѭżص֮ݷȴŻȥſЩˣǻصɽ֮Ѱҵٲµʱֵʱ⡣
˵УǸǸ̥ݷ棬ɽʱȴֿĵʱȺˣûôƺıÿֻγԱô򵥡
Ȼḻʣơ
ǵ׵ʱǱ˴ŵģǸʱ軹ᾭԼҪСӦࡣ
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ʱЦŵģת˲һɫٶ֮ʵզ࡭ͺǵһ㡣
ݷ˫аȵһ˲𺡣
Ϊͱ˲һΪᵽԼһѹȵϢˣ˼׽ȻǱԼĺӡ
ݷ㵹ǲʲôףҲԸչ˺еĺӡ
ǣݷû뵽
Ů˺ʱ򣬿ǱҪȥĶĶࡣ
ȻԼ׺ӶеĺҲܺᡣ
ȻԼõʱݷ㣬ϼҼͨ籨Ų˵ԼĶݷ־ܣʣ¼仹ĺݵŮˣ
ԼĺȥףҪ׵
ݷ
ʱͻȻдеֵУȻһӰ
ݷ㵱ҵӰ׷˹ȥ
˵ٶȽǿľˣʱ֮ûӰһ˵ٶȻѸ١
ݷüĽšɫҲ
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ݷ㽾Դ۷ʱ֮Ҫ书ȼˣϾָġ
ǰӰȴǱݷ书߳һصģҡǰӰģҪ˦ݷ㣬ǡ
ڹⶺŪݷ㣡
ÿһݷҪʱǰӰѸٵĵ˦ݷһξ룬ÿһνݷȥľЩԭصʱӰٶȷ˶
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ǰӰȻֲ֪ܿѰҶֱӽݷĹ⿪Ҷȴʮֵܽݷĳ𶯵졣
ݷĿЩȴδеĶ
ֳջһĻȣһֻȴֱӰ˹ȥ
Ӱٶȱ̧ܿѧݷ㷽ŵĶֱֱķߵݷϡ
ȴݷһɫҲѿ

ˣ뷨̫ˡ
ƾҪҶ

ŰЦӰдԽ̼ݷ񾭣ݷҪֽ̧Ӱϵɴ£ȴӰʱĴ䡣
һʼӰûҪɱݷİ˼ոռһ̣Ѿݷû˺ˡ
һǿʮĿ϶ġ
ǡ
˼ȻҪɱݷ㣬ݷǰҪʲô
ֻΪƣ
˭
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ݷﾯǳĿϷŰԼӰ
Ѿ겻̤ˣ֪ʲôʱһλУĵƣЩϼҼеı

1119 

1119 
ƬɽλŵĺɽģҪ⴦ɽȣ봩ţŵڲҵ
˲ŵģȻǲᳵ·ģԲŻݷֱֱӰŵˣ
㲻ĴˣҲȻĴŵ£
书ǿˣļշ˻ŵĸǱϼҼΪﵽĿĲֶε˸סˣǶȻȻˡ
ϼݷûаϵ
ݷ֡
ֻǡ
ݷԲκ˺ֻҪ˺ֻҪʬϿȥ
ö˶˵ģϼҼ޸ƴΪ뵽ţٷӳٻ˶Ӧ֪ϼҼͼûġ
ֻȴǳĻʺ󣬺ͬں֮С
ϼҼʲôȻΣֻġ
ݷԲ
ɲ룬ݷϵıأӰȴǴǹһĨҲķ
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ȻƾںӰ֮ݷɫѿ
ݷĿĿӰֱָͣӳӰȥٶȸǿľˡ
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Ӱı˶һ㣬ͬݷӲӲѰ˸ջͬݷĴ򶷣ǰ
ݷ˳Ŀ⣬аȵ𺣬ܿҲŵӰ׷˹ȥ
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ݷϵıȴԽˣĲ²ȻûӰȷǳŵģҲԼŹȥ
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ҪԼȥʲôط
ݷԣԼѾǶ궼δ̤ˣʱһֱʧĴֻߵģǸոճŵĺɽӰԼ
ʶԼ
ֻżȻ
ֻߡԼɱĵµʧ䣬ӰĿãıģ
ϾݷǰӰҪʶԼĻƱҲŴʱˡ
ꡭ
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µǣӰͻȻ֣ǰݷ㾹Ȼ벻ӰӡȻŲ֮
ݷ治ɵþͲˣǸӦټ׷ȥˣӰóȻֶȻʲôıģټ׷ȥܻȦףһ治ϵĸݷ㣬Ҫ׷ȥһӲ֪Ӱıʲôˡ
Ӱݷ㣬ʼչһĨЦݣ֮ǰٶȣһ·ݷ֮дصţֱֱĳŲǼұ˹ȥʯ͵سǼҵĴŴĹȥ
飡
ʯײϵࡣ
ǵǻòɢǻкһ
ŵĲһ飬æ֮ѰңѾӰټֻܿݷӰ
ɻüͷȴǽĿ˽ݷϣֻݷٶȷӦҪѸ٣δȲ뿴ԼݷѾתܿ˲
ҷ·ǵӰڽ˳ôĹ򣬱㳹׵ʧӰˡ
ݷǸӣΪ񾭽һֱעӰϣڵһʱѾ˲ģϳ˲롣
ǲΪǰע棬ֻͻȻܾٶҪһ̣ûпݷʵĿֻԼһĨӰϤǹϤ˵ģֻšüȻٶ̧ͷʱĻʲôӰǿյļˡ
ݷڰĿ⸴ӵĿĴֺãȻĲ룬ݷҲɻӰԼǺ⣿
ʲôܺ͹ؼ
˵ݷСʱϤˣ֮⣬ֻвΪ׽ģʲôԸҲֻߵʱ򣬻ǰܲ۸

1120 ƽȮ

1120 ƽȮ
ǲǵôǰˣǺܶϰһﳾ֮ڹģݷŻԲ۸沢ִ
ֻΪΪ֡
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Ҫ˵ӰϼҼģżı˵ļأݷ㶼ŵģƫƫӰˣǲ룬ôݷ͸ûӰĿˡ
ݷѸٵĽԼּ䣬Ŀⴹ֮䣬ӵĿ顣
ڻʺݷ㲢롣
ڰĴȴĲȴֵһĸ˵еû¶ҽ㿪أ
֪ڱصĽû취ȥȻ㣬Сӣ
Žȥ֮һҪúõĽѵ㣡
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ǶڰݷȴšüĵĴӵϼһöʯӣ˼Ƭ֮㳯ŲڵҴȥ
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һΣǲٺõҲ̲ȥˡ
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ѰʱˣˣʲôʱҲֵˣԼˣ
ϻǰɲèˣ
ŭٶȴ֮վŴ˹ռȴȻ䷢ҵĴžȻ˴ˣ
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һͣͻȻһЩ顣
ѵǡ峺ʯ졭ҪŪԼ
Ҫ򿪴ţ
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Ѿץˣ˭ıԼһʱ֮侹Ȼ벻ѡû赲ĺ飬˭أ
ǴѾˣԼҲ»ˣǱ˲Ը־ͲԸˣ
뼸ǺԥģгЩ̰ĺּʿɫϲֻ΢ԥһϲȥˡ
֮Щʬ壬һĪĸˣòŨŨĲ
ʱһУȲȥѰҶȥһ̽ˡ
Ų뻶뿪ӰݷҲӰлĿ⸴ӵĿŲȥӰеĵԽԽŨ
Ųδ̤ţµţȴǴ͸©Ź죬ѾԼǰӡеŽȻͬģС
в֪ǲݷ̫жɣܾŵڿǶ˼Ѫζġ
Ѫζܵ
ǲģݷȴһ
ݷȺһʳɱͶΣľȺеŵ㣬ݷҲѪζС
ţҪһˡ
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ݷۣӰѸٵʧڡ
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ţϵĶȴǲɵ÷ᣬСĳǷӿһһѰҶӰӣڡڷݵһ񷿣뿴ԴȻĶ
ȻҲǵһʱ㿴˶ϵıףЦͣ
˻˻
͵Цһ֮󣬲ԴڴŲĶŪŰţ
ȻĶ˷ӦĴ֮Ƽڴڱ߲Ϥ̶ɫϲĸ˹±˷һ㣬ѹڲǰڣ룬ôˣ
Ϸ𣿡
ҾͲˣҵûҸ
ЩģȴһЦ˳
ҵôô׵ķŹңԼӳģ˵ˣͰæ취Ҳų
ɢŹиа룬ò书ҲŽô࣬ȻҵŶ˿ӳˣ԰
ǰҵĽʼŵĴʦչĵطչҪôܱţ˽ĹҪӲҲ£ֻǺŵĵһһû䣬ǰҷǽȥҲʲôͻƣԱ˳ͷڵӾ˼ĺõط
ÿζؽȥЩίЩ츳ĵӱҪȥûʸأ
ôı£˰ҡ
ҡҡͷҪͬͣ޴ӿڣԱˣȲ˵ôˣ֮ͬ˵ʱɣ

1121 ûһ

1121  ûһ
ҪδӰӳģǳҪ˷֣ʱ򲻵׸һˣץȥҪؽȥͷˡ
Żûò붼ȥҺþˣɲټڰдȥ뿪ΣյĵطΪ
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ã
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Сܲ˵ʲôǵͷӦġ
аɣ취
еǰɵģҪԿףǿǲеģ
һҲסġ
˲ô꣬ٴҲǽĻѧ˼֣ϧȴûѧľ衣
һħһɡ
ܺƾеĿ⣬ȴǶġ
С
תתŹսǴվŵǸˣȵңȥ취Կ׸͵
Եİ˶֮󣬱ҴҵĳǿŵĶҵӱ˹ȥ
ƵǶҵӵ򴽣ȼʯŶඪ˹ȥǵӾҪ鿴֮ʣȻǰһʯӽǿŵĶҵӸΡ
һǸոոǸԼ򿪰ҴŵӰѧأ
һԿĵһ
ŵһ㡣
ĸɾ䣬û˿ˮ
жʱԲľˡ
Сʱ𣬲ڵС
ȻǳһЦӯӯĶŭûܳܵסһ겻벻δϣʤǰ
ˣ
Ͻߣ
Ķǰ˻Կף󽫲񷿵Ÿˡ
ҿʯͷҵģûº֣ŰյʱҪѹˣҪ﷢ܴǻû߳ȥͱ˸ˣ
벻üͷعæĵͷŶ
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Ͷ˱ܿѲߵĵǣٶȻص˵ӰƬ֮С
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֮ǰһյĲˣ
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ƫ˵Ϊ֣ŲСķŻɽЩɴˣҺüʱ֣Ҽǲ˲ٵĵӹûûӣɸ˺
ȴأ֮ǰǳȻյͻȻҲǺټѰģ֮ЩʬǣǶû˰ɣ
ҡҡͷûУֻǽǶҵĵӱɽˡ
ңѾɽɣ׼˹ˡ
ˣô˵һˣҵͼгǵļ뵱õģԴɽ֮ڱҲûбѪʬˣеĳǶܸˣҪ̫ƽˡ
棬˵ʲôҲҹˣò׼ƽϢЩɽŭҪٿˣҵҪҵȸˡ
˳˲Աߣ˵ʱϵıҲǸ棬Ҽ˵ҪԼǿɲǿЦ飬Ļģɲȳӡ
Ҫǻ뿪طԶһɣܾЩаš
ȻѾûڵˣҲǽˣǻǱΪһĳʲô飬ҪǵˣǶˡ
ɲ벻ϵıȴǸء
ԶԶûеô򵥡
ڵ˫Ŀ΢ЩѪʬûٳˣ˭ܱ֤һֱأ
պӾˣԷı򣬱پʱҲȫˡ
ǡ˵ԼţǶЩӾֻɺϣǳǸǵӰֽŵ쳣仯ֻĻôû˵
ֱӻȥˡ
ı鼫棬Ǻܶ궼ûƼˡ
ǵһΣǰʱɬۣ̬ȴǺһƶţᶨ߬ȭͷ˵Ҫ۱ԡ
ٶȿŲı飬ö˲

Ų֣صģվûĵҡͷá
Һһ𣡡
˫ȭգһȥı飬ǵɽ𺣣ҶһЩЩӵԵɣҪֻżȻҲͰˣ˱ҵһ٣ıǷ˶ߣǱǹϵŵˣ
ĵϵصǻ࣬ڵ˫Ҳǻ¶Ц⣬Ŷ𣡡
ҵĺֵܣҲӳĵһ¾ȥų
ߣ
ϸȥʬĵط
˵ܴܵӵվĶļ򣬴Ŷٵ֮д󣬶ŲͶ˵ʱ̫רעûע⵽һӰһֱ˵ֻŲͶ뿪Żĳ֮ڡ

1122 ̫

1122  ̫
ݷüĽšĿŶͲȥӰȴţѪʬ壿
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һĪĸϮ
ǰ̫˼ˣһ㡭
ݷȻ
û뵽ͶҲǱϮˣҲֵС
ҲǸողűһĪĸϮˣѲɡϮǵģͬһˣ
ҡ౻Ѫʬ壿
Ѫ
ݷֻ𺳣Ǹ˼ˣҲմ˲ٵѪɱ˲ٵˣ˱Ѫʬʱ羪κһ𾪡
ǸʲôֶΣ
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ţݷҲĵŲͶķ׷˹ȥ
ҲҪǺԭ
ҡҡλΣԽʻʱˣԽֻܲĺˣӭ޵Ļ˹ˣһů
ĴԼֻƴǵԣڣϣʺ˿Ѿǵŵĵؽˡ
ϵɽ·ߣϲȥģҪͽˣ
ֻƴһۣƴǱڣ֪ˣȥˣ
˴֮ʱżʶ˵ʲôɽ·ߣЭ֮ҲȲҪƴǺֻصţָ·ʱҲûдʣŵĽһ˴ȥ˽·ֱƹɽȣŵؽɽˡ
Žڳɽ֮ϣŵ棬һȻٲΪϡ
һǺ·ھȻٲ֮µģ벻Ǳļˮоһ졣
ŻƶƶƴֻдӦԼҪԼ·ҵŵڣŸǰҪƴ̸Ҫίһ»ʺˡ
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ԣֻ𺳣ƴϵıҲأֲ֮ǰʱζԹҪѰŵڣζ޼գֻɽ»
Ѱ˼ɽٲֻᵱɫȥͣǿжɶ˼뵽ٲȴҲû˸׵ĳԵģϾ˭ҪúõĻŵģɲȥٲԼ
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ĺľ໥һۣǲԸ
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褱ǵİȫǧһ𣡡
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ƴǺֻСɽɽµľȴеķߺԽԽࡣ
ǸСƾʲô
ΪޣͿ𣡡
ѾǸ׵С˵ģȻô񣡡
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ܲܲͶˣ
Ĳ֪˵ʲôˣǰľޱǿʤȴҲʵʵģûſ񣬲γ˴Ů֮󣬷ŵ棬ԽĲ˿ˡ
ܾԼѾǴŮˣӦǹǰóˣ˱ӦѷɫֵģҪȥѹȴǰĴŮ
ȻԸΥ
ûܽѹס˲ٵİۺЦ
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ҾͲаˣƫҪȥҪ
ľҧгݣıٶԡ
ɡ
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ľ޼ĲٴԼˣҲȻȤ˶ֻ֮ûȤҲʵʵӰ֮Ѱ˸λðˡ
Ҳ֪ô¡
֮ǰأֻȵĽˣ֮󣬵治С
֮ǰ뾳ڵ
ǽ׽

1123 ƴҲܵϮ

1123 ƴҲܵϮ
ϣƹ⴦ɽ£ܵٲˣʱ书ǲ˵ģҪɹĴٲдȥ϶û⣬ʺﵽʱֻҪڻϵͿˣ
ϸĶƴǺֻɽ·
һѵŵƸӣɽҰдУȴ״ģһܱᴥɽµ壬ʱ鷳ˣ
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ԹŸɱǻˣͺǻʳ֮Ҳҹһ㣬Ϊеĵ˵İȫ롣
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ۼһ˿ٵɽ֮䴩Ϊҵж糺죬ͷѾ߳ϸֻҲͬЩ΢Ĵģڣûãеٲ˵֮ڡ
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ƴǴԲδ٣ȴ˵Ļġ
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ڵĵԽԽˣȻҲԼֱӽ˴ж¶ѾͷȻҲҺͨһ
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ֻĿڵĵطЩǰʬĵطȻİɫϸĳӡ
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ǰԶעڷ棬ܲûӰ֣˵עǱյֻʣºǵʬˡ
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Ѹٴ˳ƽ׵ͷƤ顣

1126 һ

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Ǳصİɫϸĳڵϣò˵ЩõİɫϸĳӣȻҲ궯Ǳ˴֮ͺŸӦǣһ㡣
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ڣݷȴǸġ

1127 ¹ֻҪ

1127 ¹ֻҪ
˵ȫȻģЩ˸๼Ψͼˣֵݷȥͬ顣
ŪԼ嵽ǳʲôֲܿƵĸоܲãݷǣֲܿƵʱֻߣôǲԤϵģݷҲܲס
ǻҪصֻߣҪҵڣһֻԶԶĿֻҲ޷ݷ˵ֻ̫̣Ϊ׽ˡ
ݷԷ𣬿ԷԼ书ҲԸ⽻ȴܴӴ˲ֻ
ҲҪֻߡ
ǸΨһԼõˡ
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1128 ֵĸӦ

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ѵĸƷΣŻƴڵĹƳǰѡ
Ƭ̵ĹƴѾ죬ɫʹվŶݳޣֱӰ˵ϡ
ƴǸǿˣҲܽȥͣ׵ʾǰڡȻʹģ
ҡģ
ֻҲ֪ƴǽͲеЧ
ˣӦ۵ڵϴ󺰴ˣ
ֻɫɷףϵıд˾ֺ͵ǣҲǱֻģһãȻǰƴǣϡôˣ
ʺǡ
ֻۿϵΣϹѵ𣿡
ֻʣɻҲ˲ͫ΢ţ𾪵ſ˺촽໰˴ȴε˻ȥ֪˵ʲôˣ
ƴǵ
֪ġ
ƴǵڡйơ
ѵǡƳ淢ˣ
Բܵġ
ϼҼĿĻδﵽƴǱһõļֵƴǺֻûоϼҼͬ㱻ţϼҼҲȻʱƴǶֵġ
Ҳǲҽ˸
ڡ
ƴǵķӦֺǹƳ淢ģ͵۵ʱһ
ɫҲŲ԰
ֻ׵ĮиǵʱһͷֻȻǸҽ߳ģܲƴǵŹƳڵģôǲǴһʼϼҵıƴǺֻУô׾ӡ
Լ
һ˲䣬ͻȻףΪƴǺֻڹеʱôԼΪԼǵУûйв
üʱͷƴǺ򡭡ǺϼҼһվƴǵĶĻԼôĶ֪
ͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㡣
ϣʺȵȵȣ
ٿᶨһȥڲԶ֮ѰѰ֮ժ˼ƬҶӵ»صƴǵߣϣԳһ
ĿϵĽҶݵƴǵǰ
ƴĿ飬ֻȴǾĽҶõУڱ֮š
ɫζ
һֲ

1129 û

1129  û
ϵıżǣҲ֪ôƴǺֻֻͣǿֻɵҲûıֱһƬҶӳȥЩʣʺҶûˡ
ǻųһΣûҪϵ˼
ҪϣԲҶӹûԼۣ۵˰ʺٵȥǻϼǷҶҲ޼£ģ
ֻۼֿĽҶҧ飬ιƴǵĿУֻƴϵʹ໺࣬ȴѾ亹ʪôĹ򣬱Ѿʪȫ½ġ
԰׵ɫĻָɶʱڣƴȴûа취ٿ˵ˡ
ֻǶƴеɻһ㣬ƴǿѯʡ
ϹʲôֻеδҶֻɻ󣬾һƬҶѹסƴڵĹƳ궯ȷǺ
֪顣
ǡ
ܽҶǲҲʹƴڵĹƳ⿪ǿԿϣģ
еҶ˳ȷƴǺ˺ܶ࣬û֮ǰǰʹˣĽţػʺĻеİٻҶӣڻܣ޷ӸԴϽ
ǳȴ֪һڵƲסʱ򣬷ٻҶӣԺת
ֻǻʺҶֻα겻αңõľ֮󣬱ᡭҲֻ֪ƴǵ룬ƺЩ̵Ŀڣ΢΢ס˿Ž˵ȥЧ
ֻƴǵĿ⸴ӡ
˵ԭɣǳģҲеİٻҶӲѹƵãġ檲ǺܶǰҲ׼檽Ӵ
ٻҶӵЧ͵͵Ŀ̽ģҲǲġ
һƴֻϵ쳣Чʧɫָ˹ſĿ⸴ӵ˵߰ɡ
ϼҼҪ
֪ν⿪һֻƴѾӶĿеõȷϵģ׷ȥҲ޲ץʱȥϼҼĸõĶࡣ
Щ飬ƴһҪϼҼܸȷϵġ
ͶҴҵ뿪֣صɽһصéС
Сʱ͵ܳʱǻᵽɽµéжܣҲ֪éݵ˭ģȻ궼δ˷֡
ͶϸĹܣȷû֮ѸٵĽŹϡ
һͲûİɫϸĳӸװ
ûôİɫϸӷһֻŵһӿǺöˣҲ֮ǰǰˡ
ͶΧǳӽüͷ˵ɽ𣿡
ܾӵ״֣ȴ˵֡
Ƴǳӣɻ󣬡ǰɣҪɽϳã˭ץôĳӵȥЩʬأ
Ҫ̬
һǶЩԺк֮ģƫƫ벻
ң֪Ϊʲô뾹Ȼú
ǷǸһһġ
˯һˣ
һ㿴ʱһ£
˵仰δȶӦأѾ˯ˡ
һԵĶȴĿɿڴ
δ⡭
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ɼǵòСʱϴģôéзʲôôֱ˯ˡ

ͼǰһ룬ϧδڣԼҲͻȻһϮšǡǡһǱ̫̫˰ɣŻͬʱĸо
ôţҲſľϣܿı㴫졭
ֻץģɫϸĳӣҲûϣľſţ󡭡׼һ㣬Ȼֱ˲ָķ򡭡
ϧȴǰĸоûС
ۼǰɫĳӾҪ׵Ľ뵽˲ָУȴͻȻճһ⣬Եǰɫϸĳ˹ȥ
ˢˢˢ
ǰɫϸĳӣ˲㱻ֳڣǲĵڲ˺þá
ݷʵһ
һ㡣
ҪһӾҪ뵽ˣʱ򡭡
ҲΪԼһһĲܿƣ
ݷⲻɵٵĽǰɫϸĳӵʬҰæ˲ָ˿ڣʣµİҲ˳ȥ
ݷոһ֮ͻȻ֣éݴȻһӰζ
ݷһľϵĳֱӳӰȥ

1130 èץϷ

1130 èץϷ
ˢˢˢ
ͨͨ
˵ڰײԷͽ־Ȼܺݷ˸£ֱӵĽݷĳסˡ
Ӱֽ̧ݷĳҳݷĿڴ
ݷĿһգæýȥֵ
֮ӰȻɳȥһΰȫľ롣
Ǻǡ㵹Ǿ
һΣӰЦֻԵͷһβǴЦͳŪġ
óӰݷġ
ϧڵġ
ôУΨ㷢ҵܣ
ӰķˣҲĲҡ
Ϊ
֪ܵˣûһǻϵģǡȫҪ
Ҳ⣡
ϧǿϧˣ
ǡȫҪ
仰˵ĪŰ
ݷȴûаи
Ϊ֪ƾӰı£ҪɱԼǳ˵λĵȷȷıµģ
ݷֶܷΣúǾϲݷһϧĸоϧǲܱ˸֪ģǶŬһҪ֮ıô꣬Բ־Բᣡ
˭ֻҪ赲·ˣҪ
ϧݷ㣬ҲһҪ
ʱݷ㷴ǺǣӰĿҲûаľţֻһ΢΢гһ϶۵ĿЩӰڣèץϷоܺ𣿡
ɲǡèץ
һֱӰǶ֮Ķıֶεģ˶Ūڹ֮еʱֿʼȥŪЩˣָоèڿųصһ㣬֮ûмҪֻҪƽһȤˣ֮⣬Ҳûԭ
ǰ
ȷǺܺ氡

Ӱݷʣûаֵŭ鼫õͬݷһ㣬ֿУԶᵽģֽ˶Ūڹ֮䣬ԼȴǱߡ
ֿСҸұ֤㳢ԹӴ֮Ҳһġ
ӰݷҫԼĳɹϧ
ϧⱲӶ᳢Եˣ
ΪûǸˣ
ϾҪ
һͻȻе᲻أ
ֻݷ㱡ĴͻȻһĨȣۿӰĿҲ˼ֵóѣҿδء
δأ
ݷ⻰ŶԷȨֻԷŻһ̸Цģ˲ᣬٺݷϻ˷ʱˣĳݷ֡
ꡪ
顪
ǰ̬ȣӰϷŪˣûҪȡЩĴ㣬ԲŻδζòЩһβһһӰ֣Ҫȡݷ
ӰֲֻǿӰ٣ʽҲǺ
տʼݷһܶܣǺܿģݷмܲסӰһȭͷֱֱĴĿϡ
ꡭ
͵һѪݷĿ³ݷȴûаӭľȻѪĴǻһĨȡ
һΡ
ǻӰݷ̼Щˡ
װģ
پǿȥҵĶ֣
ɣ
Ӱ͵͵Ӱ𣬷·Ǵһ㡣
ݷϵЦȴԽԽŨ
䣬³˼˲֣˭Ҫǿˣ
ֻǡҪлˣ
Ӱ𾪵Ŀݷ㣬ӺǷѽ⣬ȻӰ֮ȴڵضˡ
ȭͷѾֱֱĳݷ㹥ȥղˣǡݷϵ͵͵ȴͻȻһ˲䱩
ӰʮݷϵȭͷǾݷա
ݷ㾹ȻӰĹתΪԼ
ѹ֡
ѹݷĴǾȻṴһĨѪЦ⣬ݷ۽£ǿѪҲٶȳ֮֡ǰĽڽڰˣֻǼװ
ӰǼֻûҪݷǰݷһ̣˳ݷͻԼĹ
书Ϊһ߶ȣ
˲书ݷϵƱŤתսһʼĽڽڰˣڵķѹסӰյĹûϡ
ȫһѾˣΡˣ
ȱطǿֻǺ츳սû䡣
ݷչֳ츳ʱϼҼĸ׺˱һ㣬ȲҪŵطݷϰÿݷš
ϧǵȴǴˡ
ݷȷ츳߳ЩѧĹݷҲ˼׶ֻΨһƴһǡ
ݷ㲢еôÿƣ
ԣӦ˵ȫܿƣϼҼŻҪݷͷ
ǿΪԼãôƱػΪˣһӹɵġ
òϣϼҼĵط˼ǲܣݷϵԶֻϧݷ̫ǿǿ󵽸޷ƵģŲ⡣
ȻϼҼ׶ûܴݻݷ㣬ǰӰҲһ

1131 㵱ΪԼ޵

1131 㵱ΪԼ޵
ݷڣĿиһԺӵϡ
ȫһѾˣεˣ
ˣ
⻰ʲô˼
Ѳ֮ǰݷҲδþȫ
Ӱ˲ɴ˫Ŀ𺳣һ˫ֵĶԽͣЪˣ˲ϢĹѾȫֱֱĳݷ㹥ȥ
ͬʱݷʶַ̧ӰĿڴ
أ
ͨͨ
ٶںֱֱײһһ̺ȻըΪ˵书ҵ𶯣ҶɳɳԽǿҡ

ݷӰ˺ɫĿ£ӰɫҲù֮任˲ϡ
͡
˳Ƭ֮ڡ
͵һѪӰĿ³Ǳ
ӰֻԼĻ·һ㣬һɺĵɢȫֵĸоѾܶ궼ֹˡ
ԡ
üɵˣǺܶ궼ûٳˣ
Դǰ֮һ·ϱ˳ˮ˳ģȻ¼˶ɵµô
ҲˣӲ˥ܵˡ
վҪʷȥ׵ĳΪ˿ĻԻ͡
ڡ
ǰԼΪѾƿ˵ꡭȻԼĿƣϾȻ̺޾Ӱֻš
ӰݷҲҲкӣǲš
ģģôأ
ôܻܴң
ôܻأ
ӰƷһŭܽʵͽ޷ܡΪһˣζԼŬ֮ȫ׷ˣ
ݷȴǼĴǼȻܣ
Ϊʲôܣ
Ϊ㵱޵𣿡һ
޵УֺαڱЩֶΣֱӹĶԿͿˣɴ˿ɼԼҲԼжȴҪƫƫװһµ̬
ǿЦ
ӰݷĻĻ
һֱΪԼѾ޵ˣԲŻôŵĳ˵ǰĹˣŪ
񡭡
ݷ㾹Ȼ˵ԼﶼԼж
ԼŻһֱڰҺЩĽ档


Ӱţ
֮ԶڰֻҪ˶Ūڹ֮䣬Ϊ̫ŻẦ³˵ǰĶԿ
Ǹµ̬
αװ

Բݷ˵
ݷȴӰټƱĻˣǴǹһĨĻȣĿڣҲҪлģĴڣҲôͨζ
ҵ书Ҳ˲һأ
ʵ֤˱ˣĿ˵ġ
Щѧߣһ书Ϊ棬ȻȴΪ츳޶ܽѧܺõķ󣬿ƫƫЩˣֱ˵ġ
ʲô书߳ˡ
˿̿ϰһ̧̧꣬Ƥѧϰһµġ
Щ˿ѰһҪԼ书Щ˱Ĵ򶷵еõͻƣ
ԽսԽǿ
Ȼݷںߣ˲ģ
˭˵ȥ
˭˵Ҳ˵׵İ
Ȼ
㣡
ӰԭݷĻ֮ԽļؼͣĿڴòѹסѪζٶӿ
͡
һѪӿ³ӰŻͷŭҧгݣǴмô֡
ã
ã
ã
ӰǱˣȻ˵ã󴽽ֵ͵͵ط̶ЦСб£ձŹһҵУ
˭Ź˭
ȻӰ⣬ֻŰЦᷳӰȴԵ֣޷԰Σ


ϵĹƳȷǱֹˣеϧȻˣҵļƻ
ɲҪˣҲδĹƳأұ۾ĿԴ
Ӱŵ˵Щ֮󣬱ٶʧݷǰ
ѾҵΪʺƳ壬Ǳǲ롭ҲüһʱֻҪţԶϣڲ¹ơݷͲһˡ
ԼϻûɾĹƳ档
Ҳʱʱ̶̿ڲػ
һûݷ㣬뻹Լ֣
ɽˮ

ôˣٵȵҲ޷
ԭӰǳסģݷı̫𺳲һʱ֮ʧ˷ִ磬áӰܿٵĵЦɽ֮ɢͷƤ飡

1132 һֻտ񱼣

1132 һֻտ񱼣
Ӱ뿪֮һֱɫݷ㣬Ҳ͵һѪ
ͣ
ġѪдеĲݵԵøԵøĴۡ
˵Ķ֮£ݷӮˡ
ݷƵӰѪݷԼֻ˺ݷ˺˶ͣˣǸոӰƱػսȥʱ򡭡ݷֻܲ
ڵ书ΪӰĶ֡
Ӱǲ޵ݷ㲻֪
ǣݷ֪ǣӰ书ȷǺܸߡ
룬ݷ֪棬ʱҲһԺӰԿˡ
ݷüĽš
ŵͺͽֻܶݵƭӰһΣһοɾͲ֪᲻ĺûˡ
Ҫһ취ܺӰ⣬򣬳綼ҪΪӰĵꡣ
һ˲䣬ݷԺͻȻһӰ
ƴǡ
ڵֻƴǶ֣ԵĺӰƽ֣֮ҲܺӰˡ
ֻǣݷǵǵ飬ƴڵҲԼһ
ͬʱݷǽ߬˫֣ͷ˲ԭڵ˫ٶȱȻĲ²ûдɡİɫϸĳӴڵģ
ЩԼڻʳ񾭣ľٶԡŻںܶ಻ѵɥʧǣԼ޷Ƶ顣
Щϸİɫĳӣһרҵ֡
Ƴ档
ĵȷȷ¹ˣ
ʲôʱ飿
ԼȻȻ֪
ǸŲǰȥİɫϸĳӳʬϣݷһӶŵġ
ơ
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ȻٶţҪһȷѪ˰ɣ
ϮǵˣˡҲʹƵˣ֮ǣûʲôýġ
ٿأݷֻǰһƬʣһƬհףûи˼ȥˡ
ȻС츳ڳˣǿóȻ书Ϊ˵Ҳһ𺦣һǽϣֻǷ̫ΣƲݷŻ˵ģ
Ÿոջָ˼䣬ϻ˹ƣ֮£ݷϲдǸҪһطϢߡ
֮Ѫζش̼ݷ񾭣ҲǿݷȥԼдʱݷѸٵ뿪éݡ
ݷߺ󲻾ãéĲͶҲƵתѡ
ã֮һ˯úĶϣҡҡͷͼɢԼ٣һԵĶոô¶ô˯أ
ѵĶͬãȻ֪ѽΪʲô˯أ
ҲԼ룬֮ʲôͲ֪ˡ
֣ƽʱǺأ쾹Ȼʲôû˵˯ˡ˸ִ˼ǷСš
Ǹˡ
ʲôطӦˣӶǸĺӡ
ǲ벻ǣȻԸѣǱ۰ģԴ̥书ʱһЩ࣬ʣµı㶼Ǳеĳĵġ
¿ɵãȻ˯ñԼ
ţȴǻһϵ˯ʱȫûˡ
ҡ
ҲɫŵǸ֮ǰװŰɫϸĳӵͲǡͲͿտҲˣﻹʲôɫϸĳӣ
ǳأ
š
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ˣ
ûˣ
ͻȻ٣ϵĻŸǺ֪֮Լ˻Ǳ˸ץˡ
ҪԼ˻УҪǱ˸ץˣֻߡǽ뵽˵ڣǿɾˣ
֮ǰֶĵĸоٶϮ
θֱˮǼʶЩϸİɫĳӿʳʬ׳۳Ҫǳӳ˯˵Ĺ뵽˵СǾġ
һֻˣ
ôһ˵ϵıҲ˲
𾪵ĿŲ룬µļԼ壺ôùɣ
Ϊʲôǻûиоأ
ģ¶аŰ
ٶȣѾԼ¶˸飬Լϲûа˿ڣʵһģûô⣬㿴ҵû˿ڵģҲ˵ǰɫϸĳûн뵽ҵ塣
ŵ˵أҺãҺá
ҺƤģǳӿ겻ȥģҲΪӹһ١

1133 ҿҪˣ

1133 ҿҪˣ
Լ壬ȫȫļ飬ɵŲ뿪ڡ
̧ͷ֮䣬ֻƵĲϵıȴҪһ㡣
ɴ˫˼Ŀ⿴Ų룺㡭
ɣ
ôԲ۵ְɣ
ҲԲ۵ûзǡָϵ˿ȴǵĵȷȷĴڵģһǡ޷ӵġ
ЩʣԴԼϸ΢˿ڵ֣͵˶ǰί˵С
ˣǿ԰ˡ
û˿ڣǳҲֻһ
ǲͲһˣɰ㶼Ц
С
һ仰˵ʱ򣬲Ҫ޳
ĵط弸õģΨָϳһϸ΢˿ڣ˿ڿĴС֮ǰԼץŵЩϸİɫĳӴС޼
ͲϸİɫĳʧˣԼ϶һ˿ڣ׷ʲôǲò˵ͶҲǺˡ
㲻ǡʯͷԼĽš
ö˶˵ĿЩϸİɫĳӣıԶԶľͺˣΪʲôҪЩץ۲أ
ⲻû¶¶
תһ룬Ͷôôͬһͬ˯˹ȥ
Ϊյı̫ۣΪ
ĳĿͻȻ˳
Ϊ˵˯ˣ˱˵ˡ
Ҫݺ룬ǲ벻ϸİɫĳӸץҲһӲ˵ơ
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Ǹ֮ǰϮǵ
ǲֻһˡ
֮ô룬ΪǸ֮ǰ͵Ϯǵ书֮ȫͽֱ㽫˸ɱҪ͵͵Ķݺˡ
ǲΪʲôǳѾ뵽壬֪ʲôطˣҪĳӴбƳҲ֮ѡ
ͻȻµĲУ᲻ҲЩʬһЩϸİɫĳ뵽֮ڵѪΪһ߸ʬ
ʲôҪ˶Դ
ǡ
ŸոջصŰ
ˣ
֪ʵʵĴڳĻʹúõһٻأ
ԽŶҲ˸ųں޵⡣
ҿҪˡ
˲书ѾֿܣֿܹһֻʣôһǾҪˡ
֮ҪΪЩŵʬеһԱˡ
񾭽ţΪͻȻҲ磬æİοϧ׾ģɫǺҲû뵽ô˵źãֻŵķŲĻģ㲻µġ
ֻһֻСӰˣ㲻ģ
Բģ
ǣǻǻȥͺҵɣǰææӣеĳһ㷢ӴڱƳȥ
ҡҡͷϵı˶飺ôȥ
Ǳ͵͵ܳġ
ܾǱƵ˺һһס˶Ͳĺǿ˵ڵģǻὫ˵Ҳûõľ档
ŨŨĸоǷϵģ
ǳ̫ˣûۼǳҵ壬ֻǵƾָϵһϸС˿ڣǾԲŵģǻǽµһֳͷ
Ͷĵ֪ڱؽյʱûʵȥһƬǲ֡
²뻹ûӸҧأֱȱˣ
ھôȥǾԲеģ
˵Ҫ˵Ļʵͨ޷ܡ
Ҫ֮ǰϸ۲Щʬ壬ץ˸ӹԼҲŻŵ鷢ӾȻܻƼȥ˵ڡ
Ľָ߬סҰοţҲڰοŲ룺ûôأ˿ֻͨ˿ڣϸİɫĳ뵽ء
ôȷأ
Ҫ㲻СĸƵģҲδ֪
üšţ֮ǰӵʱҲǱһС𣡡
ûµģµģ
ھʲô쳣𣿡
ҡҡͷû
ʲôоûС
ⲻͺˣȷſģԼԼԴ
ǲ룬Ļȴöᡣ
Զԣиоġ
ʲôоֻԼĶŲ仰ɤˡ
ɥ쳣ִ֣ҾԼҪˡ
áðɡ
оȷǺܿµġ
ô찡ûˣҲܻȥѲɾôһֱé

1134 ΣյıԵ̽

1134 ΣյıԵ̽
뽫ָӶг˻ȥڵ˫Ǿͻȥ
զ
ı׳ŵˣ벻
϶ǻûµġ
ˣڲЩѪΪʬЩǣ̱ģڻţ֪ۣûµģ
Ķˣ
Щ˼Դ
˯ѣЩӦٻټϱıŵˣôҪˣ
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ҪǱЩеĻͳΪ˸ʬˣôܻʱѹ
ԣİһ۶ô˵
һҪˡ
ŲͷʹˣŲҪôң¶ӸиɾˡҸˡ
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ЦЦ
ǲϵȴδΪĻɶ٣ĿԽļᶨҪȥץһֻӹ
١ȥ
Ų뱻ŵģѾ˵ˡ
ȻҪȥץһֻǳӻƵƵΣյıԵ̽ҪԸͷİ
һϸİɫĳûܽ뵽ڣ˭ܱ֤һβ뻹ĺ
ȥǡ
ʱǳĽ뵽еʱ򣬿޶ûеطˣ
ǻǻȥɣȥҵϸʵʵĹؽպˣѾʼùˣҲǶСֻûеĳ˵Ще
ЩϸİɫĳӿȷǺ˵ģǳӱϾǳӣֶЩʬ棬ƬѾסˡ
ֻҪûȥ̤룬ѵЩӻô׼ȷĴһ·ȥڵǵɣ
϶ǲġ
ǡûгǵĻȥǣǿܺͲ龪һˡ
ôӣҪǻ˺ö˶˵Ľ뵽֮ڣǲ̻ҲҪˣȫûбҪȥһ˻ˮ
ǲȴ̬ȼУ
鴦͸©Ź죬ѾɲӶˣ
һʼǴ¶ߵģŵЩ޶˱ǵʬ嶼ǱѪģʬ»ָѪ⡭ϮŻɽ˲Ͷôϸİɫĳӣǳ˵塭
һеһУ˵һ⡣
ǱƵˣûĵġ
ҡƵĶܺɥ֪
Ǿôȥų綼ڡ
ǲ뻹ҲǱƵûжģǡҪȥ
һΡ
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ŵһӣӦӦºͷףҲֻԼһ˵ģŵÿһӶȺͱŵκ
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һеǰǡ
ǲͶҪץһɫϸĳӻȥڵסǰǻ˵ģ򡭡ôԼͶ˵Ļ˼ڶҼ塣
ʱ򷴵ǲڵǵŽͺˣ
ȥץһӻȥ͵ҵǰǿĳӵʱ򣬱ûа취̷ֱǳӵƷ֣Ҳžġ̬ȼǲԴС
Ҫǰ
֪ΪʲôһֲõԤУԤЩ˹ΪҪ˵ġ
룬úë
ôӡ
ۿɼʤҪÿһӶ뵽һӵ棬Ȼϱɸʬ׳۵ĳҲǾõսľ
ǷչȥһջŰŵġ
ðɣ
˼ᶨеĶҡҲ˲żᶨ
Ǿٻһ֮УץһӵǵǰǲҲҪˣ
վβġ
ߣ
ͷҲź˶ѸٵĳéݣٶȳбȥȻչģû֮ǰôġÿˡ
ŶͲٶȸϻȥЩʬǵĵطȥʱ򡭡
ﻹʲôϸİɫĳӡ
һֻûˡ
ֻʣһûѪİ׹ǡ
Ͷ𾪵ĳͣ⡭
⡭

ۻ𣿡
𺳡
Ҳૣۻˣһۻˣ
ôɫϸĳӣûˣ
ûˣ
ȥˣ
뵽ص£Ѿֱ˳ȥŵĵӹȥˣ
һɺʱӽŵȫ

1135 ֱӵĸо

1135 ֱӵĸо
Ҫץһֻϸ۲죬ҲҪʼɣﵽûôĳˡ
Ϊʲôأ
ѵ֮ǰĳӣǴʬϳģ˺ΪĸŻȥģΪľҪŻͶ
ֲܰ
ô֪Ͷʲôʱӽӳֻ᲻һƬֵѰҵյࡣ
ͻȻãȻˣҲ֪ԷҪʲôˡ
ǡ
Կ϶ǡ
Ǳˡ
ֱӵĸоͺû·¶ǰһ
ʲôһǰ棬Ҫ׵Ķǵ·
éǰ㣬ǸҩԻȥһġ
ǿ߰ɣ
ֻƬеϢʵǷͬһ㣬еѪζֵ˶ܲõɵô˸ʶıԼĸ첲ݴ˵ţеĳ˵ĻǶԵģƬֺɽȷʲôɵģǵȷԺĴˣ
Ȼȥɣ
üšһĿĵĶڵϵЩɶѵİ׹棬ҧŴǲġ
ȴǷΣá
ҲֻȻȥˡ
ʲôûҵҪе˸ˣ
ջزĵ񣬸ŶѸٵɽ
Ȼɽ֮ЩԭɾĳɶѰ׹֮¡ٶǰɫϸĳӣһ
˲书飬ٶȽǶѰ׹ǸΧͷƤ飡
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ʱɽĶͲȴûôõˡ
ʱ磬˱͵͵ĴܳҲǶȻᱻ˻ɵģǸĶҵӣ֪Ҳ뿪߶һˡ
СҲǵһ͵͵ˣû˻ȥеûȥ壬ڶҼǰ
ԡ
Գڳ˲õ֮⣬ǲᱻֵģЩص˻æ
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ΧһȺҵӣҼҲǶĸףɫվ˵УŭĿֱŶ
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վһԣҲͬĵͷ¡
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ŶҼģԼҲӲȥˡ
ͲСսľĳɽȥŶҼһֱɫ˵˸ǰҲδڡ

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ð
ЦżֶҼûҪԼ˼ЩĻҲ˳Ҳѹ˻ȥӣܲ򣿡
ߣ
ҼٿһŵòͶһ顣
ҼĸҵӸǰͶסˡ
ֻöҼͳϵ𣺡С㣬ˣϷ򲻱Ϊ˵ʲôֻǻὫץͻصǰڶ
ҷã

۾˲
ҷĸֵʱ򣬸ǿ־塣
Ŵӿ֮ʼĴļҷֹϺ£ʣµǲ׶üҷģڡҼȻҪԶҷˣ
˼ҷ֮󣬶ǲҲҪΪзˣ
Ϣŭ
鲻ֶģҪ̰棬ŶһģͷҺˣ
ҺͶһܷ
ѿǰԼĶҵӣ˶Ҽǰ󣺡ûʲôӰ
˼ҷ֮˵ģ
벻뻹ãҼһסеŭ𣬿ǲôһ飬ҼеŭԽǿˡ
Ҳ֪ҵӣ
ȻԼĸ׵ĻһΥ˶ҵļҹĶϷҪʲôã
Ҽŭˣ
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һľ
ҼȴûֱӿŶҵ
ԺҶûТ˳Ķӣ
ǻʲôϽ˴ߣ
ҼһߣЩǰͣס˶ĶҵǷ׷ٶǰŨŨıˣûκεķЩӸץˣǲȴûжǰ˳ܡ

1136 ҷ

1136  ҷ
ҪΪ̰ͷǲûʲô˵ҲϷ
ǲǡ
Ϊ̰͵͵ܳġ
ǰÿһζǣΨһβǣ
Զüҷ̫ˣɽϵΣ
Ҽ
뽫ǰŶĶҵӴ򿪣ĿһŭĶҼΪŭȻֻӶµȥ֡
ΪʲôͶǽͣôżҪͷ
Ҳ
ҼһԵĶҴȴǰæȰС㣬Ҳּγͷ̫ˣֻΪɽϱŽڵģǶܻĶ¹Ųòӡ
òΪԭɽɽϢŭû޺еĵӣ׼κɽðɽģغеĵӣǰҲãǼҲУ
෴ǡǡΪǼӣԳͷĲŻأܷڣܶסڿڡ
ŲģѾ֪˽ˣԲŻεŷӵĺͶӳһƬ֮̽顣
ȻѾ֪ˣôװͿҲûа취Ը˵ԡҴϱͲ촰˵
ĺģҴǿġ
ǿĲԽܣͬ⡣
ĵӺͳҲǲܽͬġ
غ̫ˡ
ǶҵĵѾ˲٣Ÿĸˣ޶Ҿģļˣһӵıʹ
ɽϵаŵĺܡ
ܲմȾ㲻մȾĺãʲôǲöҵӵЦġ
һɽϺòװļɻ䣬ȴΪͶçײðʧٶʢŭǣ˶ҵĵӣǶҵӺ޹
ʲôûȴҪװ׵ɥ
ʵǲƽ
ҵˣҵļҲŵǶҲùҵ飬ǶȴǶҵˣüҷȷЩˣЩʩ̵ȴǸзִģҪҪóͷһ
嶫ĵǣܺͶһΥ
ߡҲҪѶͲݲһ
뽫Ҫ̳ŵ˵ģǶȴֻǶҵļ˴츳ϱżĲ࣬ԺҲһģ˲ʺһˡ
䣬Ҵϱ˰֣öҵĵӽߣǲȴҧŴ˶ǰ
ϣ˵ĻףҲ֪Ϊ峤ӦģͶֻΪ̰Źģ
ѵλϾͲε𣿡
ȻҴϴ촰˵ѾˣǲҲ㲻ù˼Ŷȫ˵ʵˡ
ôʲôɽŭλ϶Ӣ֮ôҲΪЩҥŶԼ˼룬ظؾɣ
ڲǰҺͶ
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Ļδ˵꣬һֱĬĶҼŭ

С㣬ϷѾǸӣԷ嶫鲻׷ǴСϷͷǾͲҪϷҲˣ
˵ǰҲȻǻ֧ϷľģǻӴСı⣡
Ҽ𺣬ϢǱ䡣
ɲҲһ˼ҪöҼıԭȵľ
ˣȥ֮ǰɽЩʬȥϸȥѰң˵ǻҵһ˿ģ
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ɲȴǲϷ
ȷС̰棬ȴʧֵֺˡ
ɽϵ֮еʬûʲô쳣ȥһʬ𣿡
˵ĿС
ڲƶ֮£ҼͶҴҲ¶Щԥ⡭
ˣȻ̰ģȴҲǶµģ򲻻ŵڶ೤Ƕ۰Ƕ÷ִģô̰Ҳ¹ʲô
ɽϵĶѾ˵ǽˣǲȴǸִ֣ԼҪȥ̽˵Ŷ
˵ˡ
ѵ
ʲôΪ֪飬ɾͱ
ҴϺͶҼ໥һۣǴӶԷпһĨԥζ
ڸߴȻÿһΪ˶ҵӺģͬ˵ǰ㣬鲻ɽŭΪĻ

1137 

1137  
㷢ʲô
ҼͶҴƬ֮֮ŲڣȻǱ˵Щˣܲ˵ĻǼٵģһûʲôʧġ
һᣬҲڸҵĵӺһᡣ
ҼͶҳѡ񿴿Ŀ
ɫһϲĿڽ͵Ҫʼ˵𡣡
ʱɣɫԣ磬Ļ׳ŷ˷ǱѰ飬˾Ȼ˸ʬұú⣬ȥǾʬ塣
Ϊ
΢΢üĿ֣أΪҴصŵʱ򣬾ŵɽµũзˣͶʬһģһĸʬ
ֻǵʱǲģҲ֪Ǹʬǲûõģֻ˺ܶʬ壬Ϊ귢˺ˮŽʬġ
ͶĹϵôãȻǲܳġ
żȻ˵©飬˲Ҳǲ׻ˡ
Ը񶫼ҳǶģ˵֮Ųᱻͷ
ΪԼۿʬľ̶ȵģŶ˵ڵĵӾȻҲֵбĲԾҪǰȥ̽һˡ
ҵĻ֮Ҳ˵ĺе
̫أϵڵǵİȫСĽЩûлģοЩ鲢Ǻ¶ܱӦȥֻǰΣյĽպŻӱİġ
˵ҵĳǺͶҼҲͬĵ˵ͷ
ʵ֮ǰľҲЩԴˡ
żȻҲûᣬĵԽԽ࡭֪ҡ
ڶʱţŻὫϣڼ棬Ҳһ״̬
ȻЩǵϴλϲûΪ˵Ļϸ˼ˣһġ
á
ЩѾԼĿͼ⣬ôʣµͺðˣ
˭֪ȥ˵пǾʬʱ򣬾ȻǸʬѾ³Ѫ⣬ʬϣŵһŨҵѪζ
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ȱ֪ЩǲŵģۼֿĽ˶ҼǰָŶ˵ԼĶӣʲôԸǺģ᲻˵ʵƭ˵ʱʲôҲֱܷĳģ
еۼģԲƭ㣬ǲţǱʶ
ֻҳǺͶҼǳĿ⿴˶
˵û
ҪǵжԲŻɣŲĻ⻹пܵģǶСʵ˵û˵ѵЩˣÿζѵʱɫǺ죬ĿİͰͣһģǱ˿˵Ǽٻһ㣬Ȼûвˮġ
˵۹ڶϣȴɻ۹֮£֣صĵͷ
ǵĵϣҿ֤˵ģʵ
ԭ˸ʬʬ壬ȷ»ָѪ⣬Ƽģ
˶ĻشǶҼͶҵЩ˴˵ĳǣĿҲɵϮ硣
Ȼ飡
ôȻأ
Ȼַʲô飿
ҴͷһżţĳȻûпڣǵеȴѾ˵һˡ
ȻұͶϸļʬ£ãʬ֮Գ˸ʬ˽ǵѪˣǲϵѪҲ˹Ϊ֮Ϊľɢ˵עñΪɽŭΪ
˸żᶨ⡣
˵֮ǰڵгμʬʱͷֻ滳ɵģڡ뼸ǿԺܿ϶˵ˡ
ѪǱ˹Ϊ۷
ЩʬΪʬԭ򡭡ΪЩϸİɫĳӣ
ۿЩɫϸĳӿʳʬģǶȻ˲֪뵽˵ڣѪ˵
ңֻиʬָܻ֮Ѫ⣬ҲΪǰɫϸĳڵԵʣֽߵѪ˳ȥֻġ
ʱ뻹벻
ǿԿ϶ǣ뷨û
ĹؼЩɫϸĳϣ
ҲΪܺߵЩӵĴڣŻòͶʱ򣬲ôӭһѪζΪѪͲǱˣڡ
ڲŻζ

1138 һȦף1

1138 һȦף1
ǰմС˼ǣЩĵϵѪǱ˳ߵģ
Ǳ˳ߵģôûģ
Ҵ棬صıŲĻı䣬Ժпպ𺳣ǶԼɻʱ⡣
ҼšüĿ˵ѵС˼ǣڱıƣǶҵĵӵģ
ԣ
صĵͷ
˼
ǶҼһЩһӾʹӲЩҵص㡣
˵
ҪҼͶҵĳϽǸ˼书ǿ˸ץΪˣ
ЩѪǱһĳӸߵģ
˺ܶĳӣЩӿԸ˵ļ˵С
ǿҾͲһ㱻ǳӸҧˣ˵䣬ѾԼ˵ָֻ͵˶ҼͶҳǵǰȻһϸСֵ˺۳˴ҵǰ
ļĳӵģ
Ҽüšϵıζ
ͬ˵㣬ĳӲ֪ȴڵѪܹ鲻ʲôö˺ܶࣿ
ŵĵǻȺܺ
ԷʲôֻȻĽЩӷųŰĵӸˡ
˵ʲôҲȥ
Ҽϣ˵㱻ǳˣӦץˣ
ֻץˣЩӲп֪еơ
Ȼǳӿ϶û˺˲ģ򣬲ھһ߸ʬˣлվǵǰ˵ôĻ
ԣ
ܵϮҩ˯ãѹ֮ץɫϸĳӲˣǻæĸɽȥѰңҲûпټ
鵽̶ȣ˫ҪҲȥˣΨнһ֪̹׿죬Чҵİ취
ҴһȻģѹ֣ѹּҵǶƬֵУ
ֲòͶҪƬܣԭΪ֮аǬģͻȻ
ҴϺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ϵϢͻȻʶţһȣҪǰ˵Ļ֮ǰһ𣿡
Ƿŵġ
ôˣôôûִ磬Լӳ˵û¶֮зŻɽ
֪Ҵϵɻ󣬽͵ǻǷŵģҲǴΣҺͶܵ˱˵Ϯóɽ¾˵ʱŻյģͲˣҺͶ˵ʬ塣
˻
һΣҼҲŰͲסˣ˵Ǹˣ书ܸߣ
Ȼ̰̰棬ǲ书Ϊ츳һе̳ٮٮߣЩ곤츳͵ĳǿܶ粻书ǿ
ҡ߻и
ɽ˵ĻЩССкǶûס񡭡ͶȻĿţҡ˵һ㣬ľʬˡ
ǱϮˣ书ôǿͶҲǰֿûУ
˴
ô֪أ
ڵˣأ
Ϊʲôʱǲ˵Ҵϼʳڣǵʱ˵ˣǶȻǻȥ鿴ġ
ɲ벻̬ȴǺܼᶨ
ûõġ
Ҳ˵ʱܵͻȻϮ֮ҲǺãȻǵʱΣ˵λҲǲдŵģû֤ݣ˵ƾ
ʱ˾ȻҷŻȻǶԼټģǶҵĳɽ鿴ҲҲĶߣοʱôѸͣɽѰҲҲʲôŴ˼ԶˣȥѰҲ޼¡
ҪǵʱҲɻ󲻸ȷˡ
һγеɻҲƶٺλ̹Ҳûʲô˼ɵˡ
ڱɽѰңܼС˵Щɫϸĳӵġ
Ҵϵ
ۼΪʵ
ܴС˵ʲôҵ涼ǴɻģϾ˵ڳ̬ԽܣҿԲ۵ģֻҪٶȥС㷽˵ǸطʬϵЩĳӣԽ⿪ɻ󣬸ܳ׵ŴСĻˡ
벻ȴҡҡͷûˡ
ҺͶܵϮ˯ȥһʱ䣬ʱ򣬲ץŵֻûˣǻæϵֵ֣еĳҲȫˡ
ҺͶûбҪȥĻƭҡ
⡭

1139 һȦף2

1139 һȦף2
Ҵ϶סһʱ磬鵽̶ֳȣǵȻǿŲûƭǣǿ˵ĻҲʵˣǡ˵Ҫʱ򡭡ű֪ЩӶûˡ
δЩ
̫ˣ
Щ޷ܡ
Ƚ϶Ҵϵľᣬ뵹̹Ȼܶ࣬˼Ƭ̣ĿϵĿŶҼȻɽЩϸİɫĳӲ֪ŪȥˣȥҵЩʬֵУǴЩʬҵָ˿ڣҲ֤Ļ٣
ˡ
ЩǿΪĸˣЩʬϵ˿ȴڲģЩʬͻȻʧ˵ǰ൱ڲˡ
ܹ黹а취֤Լ׵ġ
Ҽλģݵ֣Ƭ֮һµĿã
ǱֻմС˵ĻɽȥѰҾ֪ˣ
ã
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ҶĵҲͬˣһĳŷƬֲ֮̽ʱۼɽһĨӰѸ٣ҽŲЩĵĳɽЩڵĵط񱼡
Լ֮仹ǱǹĵӾֵˣ
²ˣ
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ˣ
ˣ
仰ǾκһصĻ˵Ŀڴֳˣ
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ʲô˵
ҴȲǰֱӱǴæŵĵӳ˹ȥ׷ʲô
ĪǱѪĸʬֳˣ
ǺΪ𣿡
Ҵһ⣬ʵǱĶҵӸǳײ֪ôشˣ߶ҼҲǴĵӷ׷׸ϵǰŵĵӵǰȱż
˵ʲô
Ƕҵĵһſٵ򶫼Ҽ㱨ɽǰһߵӵʬ壬֮ͬǰǰ㡭Ѫġ
ңʬΧδκݿɵˣʬͻȻֵģ
ǣ߸ʬ֮ǰʬֲ̫һ
ҵӳĳһüĽţԼˣûֳܽһһʮĻ㱨ʲô©ͲˣǿЩȥɣǾ߸ʬһֱѪ
ҼϵȴǷҲżˡ
Ͷǰ˵˵ʬЩӻָѪ⣬һɼŨѪζеǾʬ壬Ҽźӡ
ʱ׷ȴʼնҲԭ򣬻֮²ɽϵɽΪһɽм룬ʱǾʬ屻ֵѾˣûˣǷڵʱݷš
û뵽Ǽ֮ɽл֮ȴ֡еʬʧˡ
ǹѪζȴɺǴ̱ǡ
ʱҵ涼ǺܲҲûעһ߸ʬΪλƾʧΪǱ˭˳ˣûᣬҲɣԴ֮ȥڵĵӱҲûܺˣҲԽöҼͶĳϵǾãļЧ
ڵ˵ǵйܴһѪζʱ򣬶ҼѾʼ˲ͶĻ
ǰ㱨ĵӣҲȻǲͬģⶼżͬĵ㣬ΪԵıѪζ
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ȴ֮ǰѾ֪Ķҵ֮⣬µ˽ǵһۼ״ĳ޲ǱǰһѪĸʬ𺳵ˣЩСŮܲѪȵĳ棬Ѿȥ
еӵǻһЩϧҲǽŵѪĸʬ
ʬѾΧˮйͨ

1140 һȦף3

1140 һȦף3
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1141 һȦף4

1141 һȦף4
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Ȼַʬ壬˵ǱӦԼַˣҡڰи˲ٵС

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1142 һȦף5

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컹ûкͲأȻָԼ͵͵֣ܳҪúõĹ̲ܽǡ
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ӰЦúʹ죬תһ˲䣬Ŀȴһġ
ϸһӰ˵仰ʱǴŶģҪѪƳ桭Ҳôꡭ˼ǣѪƳ涼䣡
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ϼҼϵı鲢δΪӰ䶺ɲ٣Ƹˡ
ȻӰϰһ㣬κεᣬ˺ˣҵĴ
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Щ޶˲ˣӰڳԵĽ
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ʼҸ˵ѪιڵһĶѪҪﵽ˿̵˷ָĳ̶ȣҡǹƳǴûʧģѪԴԽԽĹƳҲԽԽ
ǰϵֻѾǰݷµֻҪĶˡ
ģֻƳõѪһʱ֮󣬱ҽõĴҲǽⲻƳˣ
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á
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ҪϷ㲻
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ
أֻҪһֱ֣ͣô綼бֵôһ죬ϼҼûԸĵõԼҪõ飬ɲôװ׵ΪԼȻƻԼֵ̫ģ
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ϼҼȥ֮ϵЦݽҲѪ¡
ﻹзŵĹ˳ߣ
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ӱ֮³ͺԵһ䣬һЦһŭıԵɽʺϿС˵ǲǰ
ǳԱ֮󣬾ͳȥЩӹǵ˶ɱˣǻſ񣡡
С𼱣һúõιģȻҲʵѪȺһҵίˣšöãϼǸϷŪѪ㣬ҲԶȥŪġ
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ĿſԼֱʳѪǰɫĴʳӾͺǿһ鶯飬ǹ˺ë𡭡
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ૣƤĪһ£һҹʬ塭

1146 

1146 
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еĲٵѹȥ۸߰Ŀǻ㱨ϢеӣȻĿڡ
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ĵ֪˵ĻϺͻʺǰǺεҪ飬Ȼǲиġ
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»ʲôܱȵЩʬҪôأοֻǸĵӣ֪ʲôܵ顣
ԶҼѯʣǵӺǻֵ̿ĹӸǵ̫æˣŵײ˴С㡣
СˣһųĻϺͻʺѾڴڵȺˣһֱδȥдԵӲŻżҪĴһҼ
ҼǿǼҼʱ򣬻Ϊתһ£üЩȥ
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Щʱ鵽ԭϷҲܰĲˣ
Ҽƺʲôһ㣬תͷǱЩãϼҵӣǼ뿪ɽǰˣӦѾصԼˣĴת˷ʱˣȽСͶȥǸĻϺͻʺɣ
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СͶүӹɣ

1147 ˼ۺ죨1

1147 ˼ۺ죨1
ƴǺֻ̬ȻڴȺ
ƴһīɫ߽ۣڴµƳеƴǳȵֶ˼£üӥĿŭȻɵһɸµơ
ֻһˮɫ庣ĵĳȹǧ˿һο÷ţٵĿ峺δʩ죬ȴҲڲסķǡ
˾Ķڴ֮Уʲôʲô˵ҲޱȵĺгĿ
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Ȼǲȵġ
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ˣŵģֻǡġ
ϼҼǸԸǿʤҰ쳯ĻȨһˣƴǺֻԶԶģϼҼ뾡취ҪƴϹϵϧвȽʹ
ƴǼԼԵţϼҼҪԻڵһʱӭƴǵġ
ҲãҲգҪȥģƴǺֻѾã趼ˣȴûмϼҼӰƱŷش飬ŵϼҼ鲻
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ۺϵܰûдİеֻϸˮİҸ
մϢʱ򣬱ƼƵֻƴǣѾǷҪƴǵĳ谮лǻżֵį
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ƴ˲ˣ治ֻһεҪƴǵϲԼжãҲ㲻ôȥıˡԺƴһĽɽ

ܿģʧ㱻ѹȥٶϮЦݣһҴƴǺֻ
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ѾȥѰҸ״ˣʺͻȱż
ЦӯӯǰƴǺֻ߹ϣòһţҪŶյģȻȥ˽ڿͷʺͻϱΣ
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ŮŶɫźƵĳȹǧ˿οյĽţµϸϸ޼ζƤɰýҪŵ˻
ϵı΢΢˱䣬ǺܿģŮӹʺãС㡣
С㣿
ֻ˳Ŷ۹ϼҶСķ˹ȥǰĹԼʮģòϵûţҲʧΪýΣһ˫ڵӵԣÿĽҡ
ϼҵĶСòǺϼҼżֵɫһ۾ܿĸŮǡϹ
ֻźۼջĿ⣬еһ˲ɻѹȥ
ͻȻֵ϶СɣɫͳҲűʲô
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еŮûпǰ崿аġ
ĸ洧Ÿֵ뷨򣬱ûк˵˼Ҳǳ綼Ҫ˸ˡ
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Ǽʶɵֶεģ˵ĶҲǰڶ֮ǰͰᵽϣϵҲα׶Ūˣֻ˷ʱ䡣
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ϼҼ׼۵ĺӵ鴫ȥǵָ˵ʲôĻҹ²ʲôģ

1148 ˼ۺ죨2

1148 ˼ۺ죨2
㣬ô
գźʯһӣһõ·֪Լһ㣬ϵЦҲǰˬ⣺ѵͽţɶĽĽˣŽˣ۰Ͱ͵Ĺˣ
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ǿǻʺ˵ʲôãС㣬ɭϣƽʱ˵ҪŹصģ˵Ѿð˻Ϻͻʺˣ
˶ĻɻȻ򣬸𾪵ĺ촽΢ţ鼫䵽λԭԭǻʺﰡ
⡭
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1149 ˼ۺ죨3

1149 ˼ۺ죨3
ǡǵŴߵʱ򣬷˵ŴͻϸƣãΪʲôΪʲô
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ΪǧС㣬СǿӣºӻصϼңҲǱۣҪǺ۵ĳ֣Ը£𽥱ϼҼãͱϼҵȺСү̻ˡ
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ҪϼҼǧһ֣ܺ˺ɵмٴˣڣվԼǰš
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ҲǼǹ
ҪݲƴĻϵǺȱȥˣ
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ǿ˶¼ɵӣԶ붼أûаĺ£Ҫ͵͵ſڴ̸֪ȻģֱӺ˷֮ʵ

1150 ÿ͵ϼҼ1

1150 ÿ͵ϼҼ1
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ϼҼŭ𣬿ɲı죬ͷۣҲԼ⣬㲻£һᱻϼҼسͷģ

ϼҼǳ⣬ĿĵĶɵϣ˭׼ͬ˵ģ
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ȣ˵ƴǻԼҲıµģҪԼĺͼ־ƴǵûǾԲɵģǿƴǵӣҲ˵ʲôɰȥ
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ۿеˮڴתͼϼҼ飬ϣҪô˶ڵԼϴ̫ˣ
ϼҼȴǴ⣺㲻ԭ£Ǳȥкúõľ˼ʲôʱ֪Լˣʲôʱٳ
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ϼҼ͵͵Ц˳Ǻɫ
ȴǽϵЦ⣬ǲԾĴ˸ϼҼıָˡ
ʼ޸ƴǵʱǴŶ¶ŮģˣȻǲܸϼҼţһֱڿ¶װӶģǺΪ¶ûой¶ֻةฮСôһ飬һװ˷ˡ
޿ųֽ¶ˡ
ϼҼвµߣͱƴǸʰɾˡ
ϼҼҪʱ̵ĵõʹϢֱΣ
Ȼǿ϶ôֱ׵ĺϼҼ˵ģϼҼֻٶǲ˹ȥűᷳԼҲǺܲϲֱӵĸо

1151 ÿ͵ϼҼ2

1151 ÿ͵ϼҼ2
пٵ˼ӦԵİ취ԺͻȻһͷ
㾶ԳϼҼǰȥŮǰͬ˵һˣ븸ˡ
ֻΪŮߵ¶ֵĲ֢ûüα㲡ˣŮһʱ֮ģǡûϺͻʺʱпţŮţ·ͻȻŮ״һˡ
Ǵ
֪ϼҼʵĻʲô˼ȴܱؾϿڡ
¶˲֢֮ûα㲡ˡ
⻰ȥƴϼҼţ
¶ϼҼ֪ӱ˵Ŀ˵ϼҼֱӴĿ˵ܴϼҼܶĻɣϼҼ͸¶򣬾µֻ֣ƴΪ
ϼҼ㲻ܶˡ
ҡ
ƴǸʲôԸ񣬱ϼҼһֱƴǵߣҲ׵ģǰݲɳӵˣҲ͵͵ŵ¶ӶȥǻûôأȻƴǵķС
ϼҼǾԲôġ
ȻǸ֮ϼҼϲҲֵ֣ǺµĿ˵ʲôɣ
ûй˼ֻЩԻϺͻʺѵõģϺͻʺﲻԶǧţϷȴΪ֪дܣлϺͻʺõôãʵǼЦˣ
ϼҼ㸸ŮƬ̣ƴǵı΢΢һȣǱˣʼ˵¶ˣ
ƴǽе໨ɲ豭£ϼҼ˹֣̫ˣӦǼƴǺͻʺðͻˣ
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ܹϷǻϲ
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ϼҼ
ȴǻĵ˵ͷǣķԸ
ʺǳ檱ȴĴתתòȥͷͻϵĶ͹ȥ˳ٽľ褵˸ӹɣ
˵ʲôֻĴתתҪֻȻԼʱƴǶ˳㡭ٴһЩɸ˵Ľ׺Լ
ƴǱ΢΢һĨȣֻòϼҼףã
ǱͷϹˣ
ϼҼȸˣ
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ҡ
ҪֻҲδؿϵġ
ԥƬֱ̣ӳֻʺȥɽǰʣµ˸ӭɣȻ檴ȥͷһ¡
ͣ
ֻ˵ͷûʲô
ӰȥɵӰŻĴӰгߺ޵ȥıӰߣ
Сˣ
㻹õļֵû֮󣬱֮󣬿ôʰ㣡
ıӰͷ֮æȴ·Ӱֱײڵˡ
ϵı仯΢ԥ俪ڣȴûȥײڵϵˣû°ɣ
һˮɫ֯ȹȹŵ÷Ϸټ򵥵ľţԭĵòеµţ˿ź
ϼҼڶ࣬ŮȺ
ýȢϼҷ˲㣬ʮЩûݵͨѾߡ
տʼϼҷ˻ϴӦ˼֮󲻵ϼҼΪҲʶȤ˲ϼҷ˵ûܺģˡ
ϼҷת۹ϼҵЩͨѾͷϣǹܵģնϼҷϼҼ
Уи⡣

ﲻͬǱϼҷ˹֮ܽ²Ź˳ﱾԸƣֲϲˣճ˴ԼԺ棬û㲻ȥ衣
ϼҷͼҪƣǲ˶ίﶼֻǵЦţƽϡ

ϼҷҲΪˡ

1152 Ĺ

1152 Ĺ
˭һľһĹȥأ
ϼҷ˲֣ɲôԴòκεĻӦöֵ֮Ǵ޻ϵĸоҲͦεģϼҷ˲òҲʼˡ
ֻǡ
ֻǿϧʵòϼҼ檳ȺɱǼҲһ
ϼҼȥĴֻ࣬ԵﶼиһŮģƫƫг࣬ȴӶйûӱվȽŸϼҷҲúӹȥˡ
ɶ˵ϲȴҲǲᣬֻǲ׽ˡ
˵ĹϵҲԶ
ײڵϵϴŵЦݣŲæĴӵ˲ԼȹϵӲݣֱӹɵǸԲС㣬ߵĴæˣСײ˶С㣬֪С˵ûУ
ߵÿ죬Ĳɣײˡ
еĹԼϡ
ôɿ϶ƿڴָαҪŵԸˡ
ɵΪĻĪ꣬Ҳûкִˡ
ûʲô¡
ȥæɣ
ǣ
˵û£ﴽǲԾĹǳǳЦ⣺ˣ
վԭȥӰ΢΢Щ

ϼҷ˺ɺǲԸĳĴڣǵʱ򣬻ǲɵôĵ﷢һ侪̾
֮⣬ҲҲһžɫˡ
Ŷԡ
ڽ֮ǰ
ҲҲÿŮˣڽ죬ȥüֻģ֮ʱǼҪĻվֻǰúõһֻòˡ
ʲֻŮ㣬ǵǰֻǹɲʳ˼̻ľ˵ŮҲû˻ᷴģҲѹ֣һλɫǵĻʺڣƴôܻὫĿϣֶٺҲ޼µġ
ǻɣҲȻѡǸֻα
ǵȵȡ
ϵıͻȻúǹ졣
ʺ
Ǻ񡭡
ü۳ú񰡣
ɵʱɻտʼֻʱֻֻּȴͻȻ𾪡
ǵġ
ǺǷǳϸĻȻֻüۺƵĵطֻȻЦŵʱ򣬸ǺһޡֻǸտʼֻʱû롣
Ϊʵ̫͵ˣǵһμʱǰ
ӡֻԼǵüôһλڵҪģȴǺģģû뵽ڡﾹȻĴԼԺ˳
ô⧲һ֮󡭡Щģļ佥ı
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ֻǻʺǺͣΪƽ޹ʵ˻Ե֣
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Ϊ̫öûмˣǵǰ
Ϊʲôȴأ
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ʱ˿ֻ̣ȥЩϷ˵飬ûʱȥϹˡ
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ĺľĶڴ¡
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ֻƴһҪϼҵĴڵȺòżϼҼֺοЩūŹŮȴʱֻܸȴ̡ܸ
ľ޺ͺĵʱɽǰȻٶȳֻӰĳɽɽ·
ľ޵ͷһϲ첽ܵǰʾãڳˣҪūǹȥ𣿡
˵ͷǽϰɡ
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ֻƴЩж򡭡ǡ
Ѿǵڶνڲˣһξ飬ֻǵһθƴǽʱǰнֻԵþ褴һ֣»صŵĵؽ硣
ƴߵİǧѡѵģܵʲôطѵأĶҲĿбӡ
۱Ƚ
ߵĺĺľޣȵı˵ġüͷ
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ľƫƫǸɫģ˿ûƳеĲúͲͷֻһԵĶͺռϷһ㡣
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ֻ첽˼ֻúЩŮǴһЩ˷ʱģ벻ԶٵĳԼ˹ӰȴֻǽšüɿҲ𽥻¶Цݵġ
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һĨεӰٵĳԼɱϤ㣬ʯһڵ˫иĿ㣬ԭﰡɽвأ
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Ҳڿֻʱ̲סɵЦš
ڳĻʹʱ򣬲ûֻƴǻȻȥǶ
ֻ浣ǹ룬ΪûмʱϼҼ㱨ƴǵֵĲûܾŵԻȻҪ𷣵ġ
һŮװŵĲ룬ֻǿŵǵǿԷŻصġ
ҲˣȻ̰ƤһЩȴǸĹȻҪȻĵأλᱻŵ֣
Ųģװ磬ҲǸƽˣʺ̸£ҲµȵĵӺūġ
ȻĻʵֻеĲ롣
ǵĺֻ׽Ĳ룬ɫ΢΢ЩӲи𾪺ͺ棬ֻʲôʱŵĴСʶģ

пǸ߲ʵĴڣ
ŵĴС㣬书ǿŴ˸еģ϶С
ͼȥҺҪãֻϧʹߣûȥ飬ǡֻ͸û˰
룿
룿
˵֣ЩϤġ
ռ޸ƴǵʱƴǵôûС̫ģֻǺС̫಻֪ʲôûӰˡ
ȵȡ
С̫಻롭

벻룬
һˣ
Ƭ֮䣬ֻ𺳣ֲֻϤˣҲֻĸôãǡ֮ǰٰɽֻԼƴʶ˵ģ
ϼҼֻϰָʲôʲôȴ˵Լȫ̼ƻὫеĵƶȻװߵ飬ϼҼҲû
ıڹŻڿһ״ʱ𺳣ҪǶǰŵĴϼģϵ֪ݣǵڻڹأ
󡭡С㡭
С㣬С밲еĴ𾪣æ񣬼Ѿ˳ĹǲŵĹҲûʲô
Ͼ޳ȥŮóȥˮӦҵĹصġ
ȴ̲ס
ܲϼҵļδŵƶˣҪмֺõģӲŲ̫ѹ
ĿƳûʲôãֻǱȴûֻǰǺƵģֻĿ˵ҺǻʺҪҪ̸ȴ˻ȥɣ
Ժһǻʺȥģ
ǣ

1153 벻룿

1153 벻룿
ʺˡ
Ҷԣ壬ֻ֮ͬ󣬱ֱӴźĺľͬһɵİ뿪ȥϼҺԺˣ
ֻ΢΢ͷӦʡ
Զ˲ֻʣֻͲˣʲʱŵɫҲǳ׻ͱЦ⡣
ֻԴ֮ǰС̫ʱ˵ЩģѾŮװֻͲϵ׽һЩҲûʲôˡ
㻹˵أôǶˣ
ֻװģ
ȴͷһŲǲǶأ
Ҫţͬ˵أ
㷽ҲˣǵϹڼʱĹ뿪̫ˣҲǲеģ԰ɣ
Цģڵ˫һȣһ㣬ˮĿǾһһ㣬財
𣿡
벻ĻֻŴ˵ģܽӵϢȥˣߡ߾ڣԵҲа
ܻӭأ
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ֻȴεҡҡͷٵĿȴǴżֳģĻйˣ
ƴǵ˵Ҳʱˣʱ䶼ûлţŶһôƫǰЩӾ벻ˣ
ǲ벻ֻģںֻ˵ǿĻˡ
ֻҲײ뷨ҲûֱӴơ
СǸģȻûչ˵ڲģ뿪˻ʹصԼţҲãŲŵЦݣܹǸ˵ģǱˡ
ʵԸҲкܴĺôģʲôյֻһʱܿģҵٶȻָĺ⣬Ǻܶˣ鿴üء
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ô㲻˵ҪǸʲôĻʺİ
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ֻǾĹ̫˼˼ҲǣתЩһ㡣
ŵڶ࣬ϰ䣬ҲЩŮû̫ʱȥװԼߵţپıԼŮӣҲȻǲ֮еǧС㡣
紵ܲţǴƵϸ۰ļͺǰ˿ǵļһ
־ϲԭеŮеģǱƾİ
ЦЦԼ˵⻰ǲ˼ԼԴɫǺ֮䣬ѸٵĽԼͷȥǲһֱֻˡ
ȴҧŴݺݵ˶һţίĶ㣬ҽѾˣϿǱǿˣҪעˣ
ҡֻǾûʺﳤúÿûб˼
ôһŻǲ͵ֻˡ
Ķֻûб뷨
ֻǰ֮˽ֻ֮ɫǵò࿴
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´ٲǶˣͱָˣ
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ģ
Ҫ´ΣһԼԼһΣòã
뿴ֻݸЦЦ
ȴǴǰĿŲֻʲô

㾹ȻвǶʱ򣡡
ⲻ簡
ǷģǸҵ
Ƕʱ򡭡ûм
ǵ͵͵Ĵߵʱ򣬲ɻд֪һ˵أʱŲ뾿ʱʲô飬ʲôصĴŻǱûУֱӵĻˣ
ɲȴİ˶һۣҪܣ
ðɣ

1154 æ

1154  æ
ڨڨԴûм׷ȥ¡Ǿ᲻ɽ¶ʲôĶǡţ
ЩĪĲĵǣ
ϵЦݣŲ룺룬˵ģǸҽ߳ˣĪǾǻʺ𣿡
ֻϸģǸҽ߳Ĵ򣬵ǿŲıȴ㻶ϲŻʺͻǰ֮󣬾Ȼˣֱ˳·˹ǺɫĻʺܲ˹ϵˡ
ôһѶҲȻ
ֻʵ̫ˣһ˾ȻҪ顣
㣬ʵ㼱㣬Ҫæģ
ϵЦʧȡ֮صɫĿ⣬ǽֻ֣㣬һҪǣ
Ȼŵĺƽˣ
ֻƤŲصĻһüǽţɻĿŲ룺ôˣ
ʱһУ㣬·ٺͶ㽲һ½Ĺ飡
뵱ֻ֣Ҳ˲̸ˣֱӴֻŽǸոձֵĸʬʬͣŵķ䱼˹ȥ·ϣһŵ״żָĻֻͬ
ǽų˺ܶĪ鲻ĸʬ
ЩʬǲŸ˲õģȫǱѪźˣҺͶܾʬĺǹ죬һʲôèģ͵͵鿴֮䣬Щʬ֮һʱܶϸİɫĳʬϣȥʳЩʬĹ⣬Ҳ֪ЩСʬģǺΪģҺͶǿкܶࡣ
һһͱϸİɫĳӸҧˣ
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ֻĿļŲָǴӲĻУԼµЩʬ
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Щϸİɫĳӡ̫С
Ǵ˷ţΪһŹģԲŻᱻʱ򣬸С

Щɫϸĳӣֻǵĳô򵥣Ҳпǡƣ
㣬һҪҵԭ򣬷ôչȥŵĵӱ㶼ҪȺ⵽ˣɫиĵǡ
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˭֪Ǳֵôֵİ취һ뿪ɽǰѾܵ˰㣬ɽҲ޼£ǰװ׵æµ룬ܻİա
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һΪʬ̫ˣǰǷ˶ҵĵУʱٷȥĵطҪʬʲôߣתȥĵطҪĵطҲһˣȷڶҵģҼкûܽҵĵǸչ˺ãԷҪڶңⶼǶӦġ
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뻺̧ͷһԵĶϣԥĿŲ룬ʵĻش𣺡ˣ
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״ҲһĵǣǰʺСĵȽϺãһ
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룬ԶͲ˵ĵǵʱֻȴǵȻЦЦûϵ
֪ںʲôһԼСĵģ
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ʬǰɫϸĳӡҪԼڵĻֻܼķܿĳ뿪Լ֡
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ףӰָУܺõĽֻʬҲֻġ
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סĺ棬ĿŲһĶüֻϣ·ֻһ˲䣬ǶסºӰ쵽ֻ
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1155 ܲס

1155 ܲס
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1156 ʱ

1156 ʱ
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1157 ǵµԵɥ

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ֻ첻ܶѾǧɾˣܰȫ㲻õģ
ƾϼҼҰģôܲҪƴǵһһƴ಻ǵ֮ǵϼҵؽ磬ϼҼҪƴǵĶҲ죬һЩǲܰᵽġ
ϼҼһȥסԺ֣ܰôƴҲǸұȥЩˡ
ϼҼƴǣΪθҶ֣ƴҲȥΪϼҼҪԸӣ˭ı´Ϳˣ
˵޷
ֻ֪ĵǣƴǵȻĿڣǸֻ˿Ŷ裺ܵ˶Ѿˣܰȫ㲻õģ
ֻüĵȴδɢĿרעĿƴǣԼӶҵδĹƳҲһ͵ƴǵǰƴ㿴
ǡƳ桭
ƴ΢΢ЩüĽšĿֻ
ڶҵĵеʬҳģźǲ֣кܶĵȺ󱻰㣬ʬ屻ѪΪһ߸ʬҹȥҪҰæЩʬ򣬶ЩʬԴзôЩ
䣬ƴѯʣֻٶȿڣͬƴϸĽ͵ʬĴкܶĹƳ棬һֱڿʳЩ˵ʳڵѪңЩƳ滹ڽһʬʳĸɾ֮ܳѰµʳĿꡣ
ɫζֻϸ۰϶һΣԽֻüᶨͬʱƴǵҲ΢𾪵ģǳõˣֻ˵ƳЩʱ򣬻ǲԾɫ

˶ֻ飬սɱУ֣һɥȪҲһһĹɱ˲ͷأɴ㹻ˡ
ǰֻץŵĹƳ桭
ȴǿʳ˵Ѫ裿
ⳡжô׳ۣ˻Ҫ׵ʳɾꣿ
Ѿˣܲİˡ
Ƴֶ˵ѪȣΪʲôƵ˻ҪҪ˫մѪȵȥ˵
֮ʲô
ҪʲôƵĹ̶˳ܣ̫ҡ
ֻٵĿ˸žᣬʵʵ˵ĿڣԭΪƳһҲֻôֻܺҲܶ࣬ڣҲŷ֣ҵ뷨Ƕôˡ
˵ҽǻߵģô˵Ҳǻߵġ
ǰܵĵȷȷֶβߣֻЩƳʱȥˣֶҲȻȻߣѾʼֻƳ棬ڵĴųԼĹƳ棬Ϊ
ֻĿ˳еĹƳҲǸĿ
Ժȷ֪Ƶ˹ˣҲ֪ǰĹƳ沢Ǹ߼Ƴ档
߼ƳܻôóԼʳӦǱúõȦֻжɣֻǲ֪˵ĿʲôҪ¹Ƶ˭
ܱüˡ
һ˺ͼֻƳ棬ǺܺöԸģֻҪĿǼ̶ϣ뵽İ취󻼡
һ˺ĵͼƳ棬в֪Ŀĸ߼Ƴ桭ǱǼˡ
ͼƳЧ󣬲˵ʶжΨһñɱˣǡôҪ׵һͷ۵⣬÷ĹбȺҧ
ЩƳķֳٶҲǿľˡ
뵽ڵʱֻǵһֻǽҧôĹ򣬾ͷֳֻҲζţÿһ죬ܶʮֻĵͼƳ
飬ͶĻ˵ȿʼʱǰ
ҡ
֮Ѿʬ屻ˣǱݲݵ˺ɽֵС
ֻҼˡ
˭뵽潭вɸʣĪţȻҲ
ô죿
ƴĿ˸ʶʳڣа취ģ
ֻصĵͷС
ЩͼĹƳа취ƳҩԤͿĨ֮󣬱㲻ЩƳ湥ЩѾƳˣʱûа취
ֻĿЩεģһһ仰ܾ˰ɡ

1158 ۳ɺ

1158 ۳ɺ
ʱûа취
ʱΪ
ʱû׼ȷƷ
ЩϣԼϵĲ˵ʱΪ˵仰ʱ򣬿ǲΪģǴıȴþȫ˵²˶ԴĻشûг𣬴ıҲúݣҪĲȴǴҪ޵ˡ
ƴǿֻеѹĳЦЦİοûϵĻҪеĹԼϣͺá
֮Ѿ̫κΪˣֻȻλ򣬿ҲֻǸͨ˶ѣܹǻβ˵Ĳⲻ˵ĶⲢĹֻ˵¶˾ϲ⣬ˣ
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ֻŬĳƴڵķЦЦǺҫһĽæԼժİٻҶӵƴǵǰʲô
ǡٻҶ
ƴǹųɽһ˫Ŀ˸Ц⣬ЦӯӯĿֻĿǳ磺Ͳʲôȥˣ
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Ȼˣ
ֻԴһ˫ڵӸǵгһһ㣺˵£ȻȥæԼˣȻұŲһͬ·ϸպЩٻҲ˳ժһЩҶӻ
˵գֻ΢üĿƴǣ˵ҲΪԤЩƳҪκЩйƵ˲ôģ
ڿΣҪæƳԤƳҩ۵ģ
𣿡ƴ򴽣ЦݣĿȴɨֻװŰٻҶӵǸӣҶӡĲٰ˿ժһЩ
ժһЩ˼
Ȼˣƴֻ֪ǺŻˣֻеĳ࣬ûаֵ˼ĪֻĿҲǶżεġ
ˡ
ƴǵһĴǽţ֮ͳ˵һ仰ĪĴֻ顣
ˡ
Ϊ޸ԼƾֻԸʵĺܺãƫƫΪԼֻʧȥ˴ǰǰ㰲ȵӣȻʺݣֻȴûΪݶܵʲô٣ѹϵѹȴĪı
ƴֻ֪Ȼû˵棬ȴնǹԼϵĹƳģ޲εʱ˼žβܽ⿪ԼϵĹơ
Ϊˡ
Ҳˡ
ֻҪͺãôҶԣûôҪģλε֮£ƴĿֻ˵ĻǾ˼ǵġ
ʵҪҵúõĺ̸ֻһ̸еĹƳ顣
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Ҳİ취Ҳûϵġ
ƴô꣬ܺúõĺֻһѾ·һˡ
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ûֻ֮ǰƴǵԺҪ˭ģһֱͷ
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ΪԸϣԼԼ޷԰Ρ
Ժֻһ𣬻ƴǺôľĺ
֪Լ״㿴δˣԼδҶãģֺγȥŵҸóȻĺλһ𣬱һпܺǹһӡ
ֻĺãԨоƴͻȻƼϣһ㡣
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ֻһֱȥǱǵĺֻһֱϡ
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ֻǶֻĲأǶԼĲأҲǶθĲء
˶ʥˣȻ˴׼˶ԷǱǳʲôĶܸıˡ
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ԡ
ƴǳ״Ǹͷڵ뷨
ͺá
ԼȥԼϵĹƳҽκãǸʲôĽҲܳܵˣҹλصʱ򣬸ڡ
ƴǲֻ̫ѹֻһĬĬĽе඼棬ϣֻܿϳЦݣԶĶһãҸ
Ҫ̫࡭
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ƴǵƽ˵ĻҲʲô
ĪģǴֻĿڴĵطֻ˲Ǽ΢ᣬ˵ĸж
ֻƴ飬΢ЩӦģŤĽת˹ȥûƴǿԼ΢ۿŵƴһ£㿴㣬úõôɿʲô
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Զ㣬ҲԶܷԼ
ζֻıӰȴԼһ㣬ƴĿ֣صĿֻıӰ˵ͷá
ҴӦ㡣
ԶԼԼ
ԣֻۿеˮı˻ȥƴǵĿҲ˼Цݣˣ죬ұ㲻˵ˡ
ҪץʱȥƳԸЩͼƳҩۣŵĵӻڵأ
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ͻȻĹƻЩ޹ĵǵȷЩίģĪľͶǶƴǺͳ˵ⲻһ
ֻѾ֪ƳֻܾܿϼҼһ˵˼š
ҼǧĻֻоЩԤҩۣڵĵһܴŵģ
һ졣
˵ƴǺϼҼԿһǶ˼ʤİյġ
ڹ˽ֻҪɹ
ˣǺ˵ֻͻȻϵıúࣺСûлš
ֻ΢΢ͣ٣ֲСǻص֮󣬵ǲδֻСû뿪ңֻٳֶѡ
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ֻȴǳڣ˵ûмС㡣
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ݷ˵¶û˺ͶˣǹҵģҲֻδĸװˡݷҪǻһǻϼҼģȻϢ
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ҪôǱʲôǣסˣûܼʱ
ԭֻǲݷģ˵СѹûʱֻȴЩˣҲ֪Сôġ
ô붼ãǧ벻У
ȱˣСѾˣʲô鶼Լ˼ǵҲûáƴǻڣĿϣңЩʱûϢõϢΪ˵Сǰȫģûµġ
Ҳֻˡ
ֻĵ˵ͷƴǿһĨЦ⣺ȥоԤƳҩˡ
ãȥæɣʲôұǡ
ƴ֪أ˵ͷֻҲϵЦ⣬Ŀصȥ˸ӡ
Źرպ֮
óһƳҽѧ΢о
ץƳ֮ǰƴǺݷѪҺĹƳ棬ȫһĴڡ
ݷƴڵĹƳ棬ǼѪҺеģǡ桭û£ûܵĴ̼ǿ԰Ĵ˵ڵģ˵ʲôˡ
˹ǣЩƳŻҧ˵࣬һӶల¡
ǰץֻǲ˱죬ûĴ̼Ҳû˵ĹݣЩƳڽ뵽˵֮󣬻ǻĿʳ˵ĴԺʳѪ
ֲֿδţδ
ϸİɫĳӷҽѧ΢±һࡣ
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ϸİɫĳƺֵܲĴҽòƿУֻǯСķȥҲ⵽ǳӵĿҧǺǻеûκθģֻǵģһζΪ˳Զȥԡ
ܳԵĶҧĶ
ǯҧֻЩɣǲЩƳЩҽѧеҲҪһأ
ֻüͷǰٻҶˣ֭ҺһͬװйƳĲƿС
ֻǹƳտʼǰٻ֭Һʱ򣬵ǻЩɵǺܿģȫ˰ٻҶ֭ҺҡʼʳЩŽȥ֭ҺҶˡ

1159 ̶ȵ

1159 ̶ȵ
ֻǹƳݷƴϵĹƳˣԸѹЩƳҩģҲ̷˸ı䣡
ֻʱѹʮ㡣
ԭΪٻҶѹƹƳܺõЧִҽѧеУúõñԽٻ֭ҺᴿԸЩƳδһð취
ڣȻЩƳ߲ܵġ
û취ֻֻܽЩٻҶҸһԣִԼ֮ǰ׼ŵҩĿнЩóӼɵҩһһ˳
ƳҲǳ档
ַֻιĳӣͨĳӸһЩˣǱȴûиıģԸЧҩģԸƳһЧֻҪӴ
Щֲζ޺ǶһЩ˵ŵ˱ܶԶ֮
ЩֲҩĻɱӡ
ֻҪҵģԤİ취
񣬳գҰջ򡭡ȵһϵкͳйϵҩղضֻһһҩĿ˳
ҩĿǺȫˣƽʱʲôҩģòģᱻֻһЩõģģֻҲп档
ҩ޷ֹֻ֢ܶǼֵǧ𣬷һĲֵ
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ֻҹδкۣһֱ̽žƳ溦Щҩġ
һҹûаװæµֻĲиŬ֮£ҵ˼ҩģϸİɫĳʶıܿңҲȥʳ
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У򻨵ĳ֡
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Ǽ򻨣ֻֻζ㣬ζĺܺţˣڡû뵽ôһƽΪ޹Ļȴڹؼʱ˴á
Ȼеô꣬ԶԶġ
ҪŵĵǴģҩ۵ĻҪԭҲһҪܶࡣ
ֻ˽ˮϴʱ򣬿ֻŵںڵȦۣȵĿڣȻһҹδ˯˵ġ
ܵס𣿡
ţֻź֪Ŀ浭ɫʣ֪Ѿˡ
ЩӲĸ첲ȴǿŲɫȻЦЦûµģô󡣡
ҲֻйŴЩҴ壬ŵǧŻôĽҲУҲС
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Ȼͷһûҧڶε֮󡭡ֻԽսԽɥ
ū̷ϴһЩŰɣڵءථɫǰֻգֲȥֻӵҩģȰ˵
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߻ֱڷˣ⡭ҪҵĴСҵĻֱӽҵķֻȻĿڡ
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ཫֻϴˮȥܿıֶȺķ˹Ŷϰ֮ˣԵʳȽ嵭ƻʹǰ⡣
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ȴǲֱӽõһҩгԵģȾҩģҴҵվڷſڳԹˣϴ˫֣һص˷֮ڡ
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ǰһڸոƴϳƴǵйƳʱ򣬱ѾԼЩصҩѹƵĽҩֱƴǺݷˡ
Щҩ輴ʡһЩʱãҲ꣬Ҿڣ˴ʱˡ
ҲζţҪʣµĲʱֻҪҲ⿪Ƴİ취ŹƳ淢֮󣬱ҪƴǺݷ
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ҶʱЧģӾЩҶſή˭Ҳ֪ή˵İٻҶӻûѹƹƳЧ֮ҩɾͲһˣ
ֻǰٻҶӾķŽУȴᴿ˲ڰţ֮ܽ⿪ƴڵĹƳãǽⲻҪæȥժһЩٻҶӻб޻
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ƴŲĴ⣬ֻǵ˵ͷֱӳˣδԡ
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ɣֻڣ൱˰ȫı֤һ㣬ֻĪġ
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Ƥĳֻգգ۾ԤƳûйϵҩģҪҲó
ֻǸҽߣҩ;βˣǷŵĲֿҲֻǷˣûʲôʵԵãȥҪأ
ߣŵĶ飬͵ֱ׳ģǷϲԸ
á
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պĿȱ˲ٵϡҩģԭŶóƴǵѰһ£ĺûᡭðײá
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ԭΪֻֻǸ޸ةฮĴС㡣
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Ųδƿصġ
Ҫֻ˹ϵ
ȻǴӦƴǣʱƴǲҪһӵˣǣⲢԳ׵ĺֻɸΪ񲯡
Դ빬ֻ֮ΪԼԼƴǵǰѿ
Ը߰ǶȻװ׵ġ
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ĵġ
ǾҲûеġ
ʱǲֻƴǵĳ谮ˣպء
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ҪڵĵͼƴǿôӦԼõԼҪȨơ
Ҫ⿪ƳĽҩأ
Ľ֮£ƴƱҪԼͷġ
ƴΪ˸飬Ϊ˶ֻҳϣֻأҲǰĿƴǲ
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ĸʱֻܺúõĵŽʤĳɹˡ
Ȼ
һжҪֻֻǸܵĻʺǰ֮µġ
ֻŵĴСĪĽ飬ƱػΪֻ·İʯ
ƾƴǵİæԼĻҪӮϼҼһʤϣģҪ࿹⡭
ʱ֮ûȫĶԲߡ
β׵ĽԼ׽ʾã书ǲģܾӮû᲻̫
飬ľȴһǰڵİæıߣò׻صţصϼңңεҪǻҪ͸ϼҼһӵģЩǳĿУϼҼ˵ǲǡ
ľֹĿ˸⣺ǲǣЧҪõĶ࣬ϾҲġ
һֱƴǵĳ谮ڹǱȲʺֺȻľ޳ΪߵĴŮҲȻҪӵǰıģϾ
ֻںվȽŸˣΪŮԼǵλˮǴ
οľ޻һֱҪǰãǸСˣ
ʾ֭Ҫֺ

1160 õģʵǲп

1160  õģʵǲп
ƼˣľȻǽʾ֭Ҫæóˣı˵ûɵӴֻҪģǹҲ뵽ġ
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ƴǲϼҼҲУܲܺϼҼֵòģϼҼ黹ǺķΧ֮ڣôƴǸûоܾĽˣ
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˸˼˼Ƭ֮㰴ͲסֱȥϼҼԺȥ
ڡ
ϼҼĿվŵ
ϱ͸©ϣǡ

ȴǲġ
Դ޸ƴǣ˳Ļʹ֮ΪϼҼǲãûƴǵֵôȹԼںеĵλαǸʲôֻΪѣƴǵ涼ܿҪ˵õƴǵĳ谮ǵļƻˣ
ȴЩ֮⣬ڳʹеϢض棬ҲϼҼвʹ졣
֮Ǿòòڣһܶ£û뵽Ÿռ޳ȥãѧԼ˼ѧˡ
¶͵͵Ż㱨Լ˵ֻ죬ϼҼڹġ
һ˽ģûʲôʵõˡ
ϼҼʱ˼֣֮ǰĴҲʼ΢΢ЩҡûʲôֵˣҲñ˵˼
ȻǴģеĿȴڲ֮ƳϼҼɫиڵžοڣϼҼԼļƻȥҪЧôϼҼ
˼֮䣬Ѿ⣬ӦԵİ취ʱλ׵ϼҼҲǿڳ
ûʲôҪ˵𣿡

ϼҼ𺣬ķ˲˸ЦǰǻδϼҼǾԵĳϼҼڵķȥס
Ů˷ǰΪҪҪͬ飬븸ҪŮæ
䣬صĵͷԴǿС
ϼҼȴܲģüЦЦĿŶ
ҪϷʲô𣿡
ϼҼ䣺ԭϷΪϴСΪ˹֮ӹģѾԼݣԼϼҴСôһ飬ǽϷϼҲԺء
룬õŵĵط㱻ˣ˿Ϸмֵģֵùã򡭡
ߣ
ǹϷһ۰ɣϼҼֶǱͷŭ
תתæԴǿеĽͣ״ˣ˵ġ
ֻǡֻǺ󹬵Ǹ״ǰ㣬ҲǡôĺվȽŸġ˵Ĺۿ΢΢ѾʪǾͿҪˮǹڳ̵ĽëϣԵó
ҡڵСһ㣬ʱҪƮ
Ů֮ǰţЩҴĹظ㲻֮ǶԹҪļ̣ǻʺװɴȵȰ˵Ů빬ʵ򱳵ȴǰػģһֱ뾡취ŹغѹŮ
󹬲ţʲôԶԶٲУнҲС

ֻûʺΪŮЩЩƫƫŮȴ޷ֻΪǻʺŮǹϵһȣԶڻʺǰһأŻʺĳԼڻϵ߶꣬ϳɹһӣԼһŮĪ˵ˣϵ涼
ϣҲΪӵԵʣԻʺá
Ƭ̹˫Ѿˮ
ȴڰԵĸˣڽ˵˵档
ֻܳ裬ΪֻһӰ
ԼҲһӰĻʱƴǱ㲻ܶԼôĮˡ
š
һйףΪԼûлӵġ
ȻϼҼǲЩģڵϳģҲûаۣıûаĻֻͣſڣǹô˵𣿡
δ޵ʱ򣬿ĵġ
ԼаܽƴǿסƴǰԼ
ԣϼҼŻȥ棬ǲϧ˺ƴΪѣԴҲҪ빬ģϼҼռƻˣȴ˵ٰΪѣ㲻У
ҪҲУҲУͲӦлϼŮȻɫڣҲ׵ĹҪùܿƵģ
ϼҼԽɫԽܾǱˣˡ
еŭҲԽԽࡣ
ڹд粽УѲɹŻϺͻʺС飬Ҳǰ˵һ𣿡
ʲô
ʲôûʱ䡣
ֻˣҪϢôдֽʱ䶼ˡ
ô˶֮󣬲ŻԼ֪
ȻʱƴڳǵĽ¶ȥԭ򣬿ϼҼǾԲŵġ
ȻԼָˡ
ֻΪ¶Լ
Ȼ
ϼҼĿҲǼı䣬Լĺ죬ǰǡ
ȴǺ˿δһ㣬ڵϼҼ߿ࣺŮôΪŮʱ̽ŵĽ̻壬ڲŻǰæ
ϼҼϢĿδڡ
ֱӣ޹ͬϼҼ໥ӣ¶˾Ҫؾˡ
ϼҼѯʲô⣬ʲôԶֻǽ⳶ܳõ棬֪ϼҼ֮ԷŭҲ޷ǿһˡ
ֻҪŹͬ㣬ǱʱίȫҲ㲻ʲôŽгһƿϼҵʱһҪݺݵĥϼҼôԼֺ
Ůãȷû뵽ǸʺﾹȻֶ֮߳ˣߣŮҲ˲ϤеĹŵڵĲҰܵز״ˣǻʺΪμҴݣŻó֮еȺ죬˴ߣݳȹ̡
ںУϵϲöĲôҪˡ
Ůڳʱͨٵĳ飬֪ǰͺ󹬵ĹϵЩϱģȴҲվȽŸЩܳӣǻϲģֻΪ΢޷߽ϵߡ
˵ĳϿң״ˣԺ󹬵˵ʵ̫Ҫˣߣĸƾӹ˺ӱ൱һԼߣ״ˣҲ˵ǸֻռȻ֮ǰһֱڻϵԣͻĭ飬еμҺĴӣҲ㹻ʲô㽫Ůȥ
ҧź촽̽ŵСĿϼҼ״ҲüæŮŮҲ˺֮󡭡ŮҲ˺ͻʺıˣ
˵ĿУ̬ȸǼ
΢΢ŵ壬·ԼҲǱòģҪֻľġ
ֻǲİˣֻΪԼֻ㲻һ˵ӮŻԵĲ
ֻĵһһ
ôҵġ
ҪϼҺͺӵ֧ţͿӦϼҼҪͼƻϼҼʧȻǵͷģȴеʺ͵͵͵
΢΢ŵڼԼίһ㡣
ƾʲôϷ㡣
ϼҼЦĿ˸֮ȴϸĴķӦͱֵġ
ʵϼҼԼҲԥ;ᣬҪҪһΡ

1161 ãǾһΣ

1161  ãǾһΣ
Դ˻֮󣬻۵ϣûԼʧƴǵϡϼҼȴʧ͸ˡ
ǣԼòƴǵĳ谮ҲͰˣȻҶԼΥ
״ˣŮ֮ûܼʱĻ㱨ϢֻΪãǻϺͻʺﵽţ״Ҳа취ӦԵģŮڹȴǾٲά裬Ͳó裬ٱʺץסѱҪĳͷˣ
֪ϼҼԥæĲſ
򵥵˵Ե֮⣬ҪıҪװ
κҰĵˣϲ˱ԼǿƣϲֻԼϵˣΪˣŻǱųɾ͸еģ
ߣ״ˣΪ¶ǰ㱨ʺݣĶԸ״𣿡
ҧŴȥһĿϼҼۿѾ᣺ǱǸ״֪˻ʺģûʺ︶𣿡
ûС
Դ
ŮھǸ״ָ״ˣֻŮڹдЩӣžģ֪úȫͬϣҪӱķʽҲȫһġ
븸״ŮһΣٰæŮһΣֻҪŮ˺ӣҲǶԸ״ôģ
ϼҼصģ΢˳Ĭǿ˿ڡ
üĿ֮Ҳݵġ
á
Ȼ㶼˵ˣôϷŹһξˣ
ֻǹǧҪ˵Ļպʲô©ǾͲҪϷˣϼҼ˦ߣϼҵŮɲֻһϷصˣһҪõˣϼҲԲȥ֮ˣ
ƺĸˡ
ϼҼ֮£ĵͷл״ˡ
״˷ģŮһø״ʧģ
Լ̬ŵļͣϼҼֻĹȴûп֮еһ
ϼҵŮɲֻһ
ھԼԼûãҪѡŮԼˣ
ѡ˭

ǺǣЦ
ǸֻǸˣԼ
ֻĶ֣Ҫͼȥֻ
𣿣
ɣ
Ͼϵ˼֣ȻѾЭ飬ôϼҼٿҲ֮ǰǰжԺϡ
Ͼ
ϼŮõĻϼҼҲȥðлġ
ֻҲ֪Ϊʲô
ЩŮһЩġ
ΪԼģƽЩݣǶ߻ˡ
ϼҼʱǺڣԼŮǶȻܵЩġ
ǣл״ˡĴӵĲõ۽ǵۣ׼ƵĿϼҼڣ״ˣǵĺûᡣ
Ϻͻʺﶼŵģʱ򡭡ŵ֮ͻϹɵݣϺúչŮĻ
ʣµĻû˵
ϼҼȴѾ˼ˡ
ҪƴǵǰƴǺ飬ƴôҲҪŵϳġ
ϼҼšŵüɿ˵ͷϷ֪
ڵͷͬʱϼҼȴǶʱ˱Ĵ㡣
֮ǰ˵Ǿ䣬ϼҿɲֻֻһŮֻвʶڸϼҼԼ˸Ѷ
ҲôҪˡ

ƴʵǲԸһ
ô
ƴŵģҲǿԶֵģҲΪǿŮƴǵĴϡϣģǵƴǺŮ췹֤ȷѲġ
Ǹˡ
պƴǵǰҲֱ׳ˡ
һŮÿƣף㲻ٵˡ
ϼҼ˲Լ뷨ĺס
ͻȻãҪҪƺҲûôҪˣôǰûһϵǽеϣһ˵أ
ڻȥҪƴǱƻʱ򣬾ӦֱŮ빬ġ

һŮͻһŮá
һŮܿƣǱѡĸԹġ
Ůһͬ빬֮󣬱˴֮ҲǻиӦȶԵģžҲʹ˸Ͻ
ϼҼ֪ҲǰǰĮЦЦ
źۼĽϼҼУŮ˸Ǹ˼
ˣȥɣϷúõ㰲ŵġϼҼȥżװȴԼЩŮУ˭ȽϺһЩΪƴǵѡ
ϼҼȻŮڶ࣬ڶ࣬ǾĸʲôӣϼҼӡȴǺģģЩԼŮӡ
ܶ඼ǵʱȢ֮һεıֱӶ˺Ժˡ
ôһҲźôġ
Ͼ
Ůˣʱ£Ȩóˡ
ǲԼŮʲôӲҪǶԼǰˣû˳ȶԱȶԣѡһӺʵѡ
ϼҼţҲźǿġ
뿪֮ϼҼҲȥ˺ԺҵϷ˵ǰ
ô
ϼҼԺгȺĺıæǰӭӣеĹʵĽ
ϾԺںλȹ̵ĻôߵĴŮҲǸˮǴʱ򣬺ЩƲԼĹǣҪ׷׵Լͷˡ
Ҫǡ
Ƕ
ģҪܳɹƴǵĳ谮ܳɹƴǵһӵĻôǰĵһˣպλǾҪģ˴Ů֮һҪݺݵĥһ٣һڶ
õϼҼ׿ϣҲǺܺãľ޹ĵҲֵûشľ޵ĻѾ̸ˣڱҪصҵԺúõʰʰŻϼˣ
˵ĹոǲԾĸһĨ糺죬ڵеĿҲǴżɬġ
ƴǰǰԼǣƵҪԼˣ̲סлϲƴĺˣǲΪȨƺݣֻǸŮӵĸģο
ƴǣδķѡǿסģȨƺݵλҫһҲӦоˡ
˭ֵܵסѹأ
ĿЩ
ľ޸ǿɫȵǰڵʲôǿЩȥɣ
ã˵ͷǴӦľ޵顣
ȫ̶ľ޵󣬽ľ޵ЩСľٶһһУֻǺεҡҡͷ
ȴǳż˲עĹ򣬹˽ŲͼԶһľ֮󣬸һ仰û˵ֱȻѰ˸ʱ͵͵뿪ˡ
ҵʺǰͻʺ㱨Ϣ
˵ʲôҲܳ衣
Ҫǹٶܳ衣
ʺﶼҪŴˣΰæԼ
㣬㿴ҵҩĿˣҪʲôֱѡǣú
°ָҩĿĸʽŵҩģֻĽš
ԿڿⷿĵȴŲֻĵˡ
ֻī˫ĿⲻɢŹ
ǿһӵҩĵʱֻЩ
ǰƵ˼֮ĲƱ
Ⱦ˼ơ
ǴѵڿҲǿƲסġ
ֻĺ롭뽫ҵҩĿⶼᵽԼִҩղأ˭ܱ֤պ󲻻ͻȻʲô顭Щ⡣
׼ȽϺá
Ȼ
ҪҩĿҩĶе뷨ֻֻһˡ
˼Ѿˡ
ֱӴԼѡҪ˼ҵҩĿգʵ˵ȥ
֮£ֻֻпϧ̾˿ĿǿٵЩҩѰңһЩԤƳҩȥˡ

һͷǶȻĴֻԺ
ҵҩĿ⣬ֻڱ֮ڣܶá
ϼҵҩĿоͲһ˰
ϼҼǰ޳ܣʲôöҲǰ׸
ôϡҩĵֻоβˣϼҼоͲһˣһĿܾûȥãһġ˵ϼҼЩҩȥƳ桭
Ĳûоˣǳɱˡ
ֻаţ˼ƻ
ֻ֪е㣬ֻֻͻȻˣҲԽֻ֮õԼҪҩģȲĿʵ㣬ô
ЩҩǿóԤҩ𣿡
ԡֻصĵͷȥ֮Ϳʼãú֮㻽˸͹ȥ
ãȶлľ֮ˣ볯ֻĿ˵֣ء
ֻõҩǶԹƳЧĻôǶ˵ž֮ģ

1162 治Ҫ

1162 治Ҫ
ôһ飬ǷֻǷĲˣ
һô
ֻЦҡҡͷһЩҩ͵˲ǰٶл
ҵıѾԼԼѡˣ㿴ԼҪҩġ
򴽣ݸЦӦõģǽȥæɣͲŽˡ
ԤƳҩ۵üޣһоҲڵĵһְȫѾ޶˲ôˣɲٿκεˡ
ֻصĵ˵ͷ֪ԼϵޣгеŲԼκڴǲаֵиҵĺϢ
ģ
ãҲûĵͷ
ΪֻʵŻὫϣֻϣѾӦһŬȥǱһŬеĵǸǿԵһЩġ
ֻͶ㳯ԼԺȥ
ѾǵڶλȥֻҲϤ·̣ᳵ·ߵĺܿ졣
ȴڸոտԼԺӵķʱȴͻȻƼ˶ڰĶһģڵһ㡣
ֻӰԼǰʱϱʱȻɣǲϵֻ֣Ҫֻһͬ䡣
ֻĵ˵ͷĿʶķ
ۼĵطûˣֻŷ첽ĳŶķ˹ȥ
ôˣ
ֻѾͶЭ飬ǶδڣֻоѾ׼ٲ˺йϵġ
ֻѾƴǴԼ
Ŷõʱ䣬Ȼ㰴Ͳס뷨עˡ
ɫ͵ǣǼֻڣʺȥǼҪǼźϼвϣʩչѹûϳ
˵ʱϵıߣ
˵ҲǹҪˣ
ƴѾȷ˵ֻֻһˣҲֻǻϲֻһˣǾ壬ԼԼĶλһûС
ǺƤȻܽԼʧӵԺ󣬻Ҫ۰Ͱ͵ȥ̷ƴǡ
Ҫ֮࣬˾öˣ
ǰĹ̷ʱ򣬵ûΪʲôԵĵطû˰֮󣬶ŻȻķ֣Ȼûߡ
ǰôЩ뷨ģ
еЦ
ǱľٶΪĲУĿֻϣȴǿֻûжķŭģ
ֻϲûжķŭģǡǹһĨЦݣʲôȤһ㣬üЦ⡣
ЩԼ۾Īǿ˰ɣ
ֻôܲأ
Ӧð
ôӦʾʾģ
ˣͻ֮仹ûʲô˽أϹΪ˲ݣֻΪʺϵƷˣΪȴһ㶼ŭأ
ƺ˶ľȣֻźۼĽԼǵЦѹ£Ŀ⿴Ŷĺܺã鱾֪ˡ
׼ģ
Ϲߺúõ̷պȻģ
ֻͬʱǰοŶ
Ļ׼
ΪʲôֻȴȫȻûִأ
ʵǷѽ⣡
ֻܽŽɵĵͷǣлʺ
Сĵȥ˷ˣֻĵͬţȴڶͷ뿪֮󣬴ǵЦٶֳ
˵Ҳǰ۲ӵСǿˡ
֮ǰԼôƴôĮӣھȻδģҪϼҼŵĹϵƴ̸
ЩЦġ
Ҫ
ҪôʵˣŻֻͼǿ䱸
Լ©ˣֻǲˣʲôʹʲôֶΣƴǶǲģֻȡˣ
ȻҪôֻƴǺúõһϷͺˡ
ٶߺãȫˣֻҲڴӽгϼҼԼ׼Ժӱȥˣ֮ҪȽԤƳҩ۸Ƴ
ʣµ
Ҳֻϵ飬һ㲻ġ
ֻҩƺ֮ȥƴǵǰͬƴǴкͺˡ
ͻȻ
֮䣬ʵģǰҲǸŲݷ㲻֪Լ˶ã֮ʱ㿴űĺɣ̫ո̫ͿҪɽһ㡣
ֻ̫أ̫ڶ߻ߣҲжϲǺʱ
˻
ոѹݷ㣬ֻöͷ۵̲סһ
֮ǰΪ˾ֻ֮ĺ֢
ĶͷδֱǸ书ǿĪĺ˵ĹΪòڹؼʱǿбԼ书
ʱȷǽصĺ˸ˣ֮ݷܵ˺ҲǼģֱӻԡ
ݷŶͷ˺һˣǽϵĲʸѹȥŻĴӵãȻĿܡ
صéеʱ򣬲ͶӰѾ١
éбֻʣǸŵͲ
ݷĿ֮ƬѾͲķ˹ȥ
޳ָͲУһ˫аȵһдʱеĿȴޱأɫȻĿеͲҲ֪ʲôɫȻޱȵء
һ
ݷĽͲŻԭء
éݵеľ
ˮδټԼǿͻԼļޣѾݷԼﵽһ͸֧״̬ȺðǰûȥԵġ
ֻ˯
ȷ˯
Ȼ֮ǰһֱڻŵģΪԣûʶΣݷֻǵΪҪȥ˯ˡ
գݷڳ˯ʱҲСľţʱ̹עܵЩκεķ紵ݶܵһʱȻоѡ
һΡ
ľϺܿı㴫ݷƽȵĺݷϵıҲŷ࣬ǽŵüͷȴʼնɢ
ʱȴͻȻ˽Ųˡ
ֻݷ˯̫ˣûз֡
վŵˡ
ǲ룡
Ȼǲ룡
żᶨĲӣһһĳéݿԭҲֻǱ΢ϣˣû뵽éмĨϤ˯ա
뾹Ȼ֪Ǹϲˣ
Ȼ

һʱ֮䲻˫ڵ˫һˮָ˵ĿľŵӰȴֲŪ̫죬¾˴ϵǸˡ
ֻ˵˵ݷʧˡ
뵱ʱѾ뵽ˣܿݷָ˼䣬»ˡ
š
Ͼﲻô಻ãҲݷļңݷСĵطݷĵط¡ݷǸֻߣһֱڰбֻġ
ҲҪ
ֻҲŵġ
ݷҪģ󲻹ֵĿ
롭
ݷȻڰбֻ֪ôȥֻԲû֡Ļָˣ
һֱڰ
ǱԼ
ʵ뿴Լָϵ˿ڵʱбˣǱֻǸǵĪĺˣһˡ
ΪǸ˵ԵʣԼûбǹƳ湥ɹ
Լѵģ
Ůĳһưɣֱų˵ĵУԸ֪顣
㱵ʱɹǲݷ㡣
ͷֻһ˲䣬ܿı㱻ѹȥˡ
ò̫ܡ
ݷĻָ˼䣬Ҳûʲôǣ͹ϵġ
ݷôܶڰһֱڱԼɲ롭ȻǲԼ飬ݷȷǻģ
ʱЩ
Ŵ˯ŵǵӰиӿһɿɬ
֪Ǹø˻Ǹѹˡ

ǴӳĻʹ֮Ļ߳صŵģǶݷѾ׾ͷٱκεϣġ
ص֮󣬲Ҳһֱ²æµţûĿʱ롣
ǵȴֻƳԤƳҩ۵ʱŵԴϢһ¡
ݷʼնֻġ
ǲڼֻֻǲ뿴ĺ͸װˡ
ݷ˶ĮУǱεĸӶֻҪֵֻĵطǣݷ˼
Ҳݲµڶ˵ġ
û뵽
û뵽ʱԼľͿ϶ڣȻ֮
ۿ΢죬ŲһһĿݷߣݷƣģ̲ס޳ָ̲סû˳ķݷǽŵüͷ
Ҫ
Ҫݷ㸧ƽǽŵüͷ
ΪԼԻߵĺѡ
Ǹʧ
ûʲô˵ġ
ֻҪһʱ䲻ݷܾҵȻǸϲҴС㲻롣
û뵽ٴμݷ֮󣬲֪ԭ֮ǰԼЩ뷨ֻԼƭԼˡ

1163 ̱ǿڹ

1163 ̱ǿڹ
Щ˲ҲͰˡ
һ
ǿڹ棬Զ޷ġ
˺ܴͻ˺ܴȥ뿪ǸˣԶǸһλá
ٶȼʱǷݰⲻ٣ΪʱĳŶø̣ڵĲݷ˼ˡ
ָ΢΢Щ⣬ȻǸԴطʱﻹдеģȴǻһЩ仯ġ
մţϵ¶Ȼδ͹ǲָݷüĵʱȴħһ㣬ģݷŵüľȻչˡ
˯Ҳ֮ǰǰķ
Цˡ
ۿеˮԽԽ࣬Ȼģߡ
Цݸ˾
ԭһĻᱰ΢ȥġ
õŴС㣬εȵķҫĪ˵ڶſһ۰Ͱ͵ĸǰҪȢŴСݣδķҲǿԲѡġ
ݲûе˶ԳΪ
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1166 ԭ

1166  ԭ
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רעҩۣƴǿֻģҲ㲻ٴֻӣŲĳšԺȥ

1167 ʲô

1167  ʲô
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񿴼զǷݸҲ˲䱻ˡ
иȲҪȴҪš
ķӦУֻúǺЦ
˵˵ǶУİһָΪ챾ǸκεİģΪϲ뾽
ϼҵĶСϲġ
˵һԵˣ
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ǲֱȥˣȴܰǱϣ첻ٵʱٰΪѡ
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ЦݻδôأֹסеĹЦһȥתʧ͡ʹ
쵱㿴˶ϱ쳣еҲƺһ㡣
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С㡭
δ˵ڣۿѾ΢΢Щʪ
Ҫ𣡡ɫô££㾡ܸ˵ʲôίֻҪܰæģһᾡȫ
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СڹӲùĹɭϣС빬ͱѧ˺þõĹء
˲ٵĿͷ
ЩҲ㣬ϸûСһֻۣôڹţһʱʱĿС㡣
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һ߿ߣһ̧۴ϵı飬еļȴԽԽࡣ
Ȼһ뿪ȥ˳Ļʹڻʱ֮ǰõļĹ졣
ҲǴ֪ڵ
ڿ˵ϲԸһӶʵأ
ʵ뿪ϼûãӦϼҼ飬ɶ£
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ԣ
ڿ컹̬ģжô飬ֻǾܶİˣ
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Ҫ飬ôôӦôӦϼҼҪ󣬴Ӧɶס
ҪôѾӦ˺ɶףպֻĶɣҲֻɣ˼
Ҫȥֹ뿪ƴ뿪ʹ
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ƲСҲ룬Ŀ·ϣ
⽫ںܵίŴˣڻʹеӼѱۣԭбǶǧ᲻ãڵ֪ڹĿ֮󡭡

1169 ɿ

1169 ɿ
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ĿĿ죬Һҹɫϵıı飬ǶҪǰ˷ѱαװ
λҲǡ
ϻСģȴʺҲˣʵϾҪСѿҪǼڻϵУԶֻԻʺΪȣСίȫҲǲܵõϵĳ谮ģ
ĿȻô˵ЩԲֻģǲô˵û취
ô˵㲻ܳ׵ļŭеŭ𣬸ﲻЧ
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ĬĬ˵ţǿʱ˵ĻȴǰֶûСڻʹеͺǼѣѹû뵽ص֮ɻ̧ͷ
Ҳ֪Сʲôū澵ģ̲סСˡ֮꣬ƽ
С˻ϣڻûɥȪˣﻹлͻʺٰüٯٯ
ϧ
ε̾˿ͬͿ

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ЩҲ˵ģ˵Ҳŵġ
֮ǰһеٳʲôŮбݲһˣǡ˵ڹӹú֮Ǻòױѹȥŭ㾡
ڵ˫˲ɺ죬Ѫ˿
ģ
ȥҰ
һΣǰвԸ⣬ҲҪֱӽߣҲðصƴǵߣŭ壬ǲɷ˵ֱӽסŶŭյĳԺӷȥ
һֱͷİ¹⣬ɰ롣
һֱҪģȴִĴڡ
УǸ߸ϵģ
ǸƴǶãҲͰˣڲģܹǿ˸δҲǻǿͿɬܵģû뵽޹ȥû帣ôί
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Ķһɣ
ǧȥۿ΢죬д˾ܾƴѿԸū澣ʲôˣ׼ʵ˵ˣϼҺͳĺ
һЩίǲҪģǲˣ
䣬ȻֱֱĹǰסͷˣҪǲ뿴ū澱װ֪ȥɣ
ҲǿүĹǼС飬žʵ棬Ƕأ
ڵϣϵ죬Ŀ
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ʲôû˵Ҳǻɵġ
ҪȿסԼеŭ𣬺úõȥһУҪǣ˵©죬Լĵ׶ƿˣǿܻûİԸˣԼȱݺݵʰһˣ
ɲǰ棡
򴽣ôзŭŭȻϨ˲٣Ŀԥ
˱㽩һʱ䡣

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Ҳ˵֪˾ˡ
ģֻȥҪҪߣһϸģԲ㣡
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үȵȵȣǸŮǻߵˣСģūȥǹŮߣԺ֮ٹȥС㣡
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һһޱ֮е鶼ŷıġ
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ڶʣĵЩȵģǳòԵ׵˵ͷţѾͻصԼķˡ

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΢΢һĨЦ⣺߰ɣھȥȡˣЩͿĨϣҲճǰʱϻҪӡǣǾ˭ýˣ
صĵͷ

ı㱻Ĵȥ˺Ժˡ
ߵʱ򣬶񻹲ǿڰķʾ˼Զ
Ŀʱ̶עڶͺĵϡ
Ȼ˵ʲôģǶź뿪ȴƵϸġ
ʱҹɫŨ
ȼλεպܽĨȵӰӦӡڴϵֽϣֻǿһĪȡ
Ҳ˲ֱӴǵĳԺȥֱֱĳķŹȥˣ
ҹһ̺ɫȹȹڿļͣ¶ƬƬѩ׼ˣȹӸǽӵ߳е
ɫ糺죬ղĸ˼ĨΡ
һϾҪΪƴǵŮˣ̲סĻϲġ
¡һҹ֮ûܳɹĻƴǵĺӣҲǾֵõģ
⻨ͭǰŵӳ
ʵǲϲŨױĨƴҲǲϲģŨױĨ²õƴƴǵĻġ
ܻܿʵ䷴
ԣûͿĨֻǵɨüټ򵥵Ϳ˿֬ˡ
װһ֮ԹԵڷнֽĵȴţʱƺúܾãŽŲ
ҲǸΣŲԽԽƴˣ
ٿشλϱޱȽߣȻ
°Ȼ򿪷ŵһ˲䣬ڿǰ֮ϵЦݾôĽӲϡ
󡭡
ǽ˷ŭ

1170 Ļһ㶼ţ

1170 Ļһ㶼ţ
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䣬иǲõĿǰˣֱ̧Ҫ򿪵ķŹϣĿڣﲻӭ㣬߰ɣ
ǻڿĮģһѹʹļףį뿪ˡ
ڲһˡ
ո˶˵ôöڹʲôӣи˵ʲôĶУ
һ֡
ұֶΣĮֻڼװˣ
ǲϣԼܿʱĲãҪԼߡ
Ĺؼǣ
Ѿ֪ˣ
£ȴû֮ǰԹǴһţֱӽҪϷŵ˳ƽ˷֮Уҷ󣬽Žա

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һţż޵ķ㣬ͷ˿Ұһòǣѩ׵Ĳ΢΢¡ĵطɵøŵ
ɫǺ죬գ
㱾ƴҪΪ˼ƴǣƴ׼Ϊ˺кյģϵҲΪ˼ƴǶ׼ģ̷ƴǵˣ
ôҲ벻Ȼ·ɱһôҧ
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ȼиӲҪˡ
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ſң
죬ûа֮߳ģ
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Щ΢΢ʡ
ȴҽе̫ҧǴмô仰ɲҴ󺰴еš
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۵ĵһԵֹס˶

Ѿ̶ȣǾԲȴģ˵ʲô춼Ҫõҽƴǵߴߣ
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첲ϱеĵطѪ乵ӿȴܲʹһ㣬ֻĽ˿ڸס
Ϊʲô
ǸƴǸͲ㣬ǰֶûУ
ΪʲôԸôίԼҲҪߣ
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ͳǷŭеŭʢƴǾǰĻǾԻƴǶ֣һϸ£Ȼʵ֤˭ֵˣ
ϧƴǲ١
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ŵʱԽã콫ԽԽ
һĳƽ
ۼűҪٶȵĽڻˡ
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䣬һᣬǻȥģ죬зմѪķֱ̧Լ޳Ĳ
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ҰĲ֮ǰûҪͨһúõҵһʵϲԼƽϣСǱ΢ݣǴӿйġ
ǸϧԼǰûеĶ
Ȩƺҫֻһ֣ϧģ飡
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֪Ƕ˺Цһ
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ļʱûбƭסھûȨԺյϹˣֻв֪ʲôطѾƣֻ
ïᣬٲµʱûܱƭȥ񡭡
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еķĴ޳Ĳ̬ȸǼĲɣҸ㣬죬ϳȥȻżϢʱ򣬾ڣ
ҧгݣЩǴмһʢŭ
͹ɽ̲ͣסʿˮıԼס˽Ų
á
ȱ𼤶Ƚеķ
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𼤶ûб˼ҲҪ˺㣡
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֪Ǹ۲ԸóȻĶǿֻǻʵ䷴һԼѹȥǽ߾ȫҪ˵
ҶѾ֪ˣˣ
Ѿ֪ˣ
ˣ
㶼֪ʲô˰
Ͳˣ
ɵƵģĻȴ˷ʱ䣬ֻǽĵԼĲҲ֪ǷϾǴѪǴѪǲЩĿģ

1171 ұ죡

1171 ұ죡
ȻȻǽµĶδˣ죬ȴ˵öĵ黰
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôԸôίԼҲԸԼһᣬҲԸһᣡ
һúõĶģĻúõĶģ
ֻҪԸ⣡ĿеĿ˵Ĺ̲ס򴽽ǣĿ¾ѹˣ赲˶Ĵѡ
ģǷӽڻеʱȴǸܵİ͹£ߣܽ˫С
ָоһ

ס죡
ұ죡ȴѾһĳ̶ˡ
ġô궼ûмҪģԼѾܾ֮£ȻܵһģԼǰдʵ˵Ѿ֪ˡ
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ʶɨ䣬ٶȿľ˵ǰȥ죺ߣߣ
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ǲǾͼţִ򲻹ƴǣҲãƴǵĽŲѾǰˣĵҲû֮ǰôǿˡ
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׵ģһϵûУ䣬תȥ⻨ͭԣڴĵƴǰ
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ûأ
ʵ̫ίˣ
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Ŀɨµ壬ֻҪһ뵽毺õļƴǱڻУƴӵС
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ʸŤ

첻òԼջĿ⣬ȥҲȥ룬ת뵽ޱߵҹɫС
˫ȭգȴĬĬķģһ죬Ҫ׵رԼŮˣ
ҪƴԼĽ¸׳Ƴ
Ӱķʧ˲䣬ƴǵӰҲǻĵķǰÿ˷š
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ˣ
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ĿҪ棬Ӷˡ
ҲֻƴǵĶãͶͱһȵסһɫĻˣ
ƴǹųɽ˫ĿӯӯĹԼǰ밲δ˵ʲôֻɫȻĵ˵ͷƴǵ׵Ŀȴǲźۼдһ¡
Ȼƾ书Ϊܸ֪ƴǻˡ
ôƾƴǵ书β֮ǰķŵڶ˴ڵģǸˡ
ֻԼ˷ŵ˲䣬Ǹ˴ӴһԾ뿪ˡ
Ȼ
ƴǲ
֮ǰڷеǸ˭ƴǶ⣬ŶˣƴҲûа˼ɵġ
ԾĹźأ
ʱ򣬱ڶƴǺֻȥˣ
ϣȽɣ
ٵĽԼϵ쳣ѹȥװӵĿƴǣаңƴǲֵģôҪҪ飬ҲǸÿʼˣ
á
ƴţɫ糺죬˫ƺҪγˮĿƴǣϣҹˣó檷ԡϢɡ
䣬ҪţȥҪĺͶ˵ʲô
ǱˣǱɱˣ
ǲĲӻδ׵Ĵ˳ȥո߽ڵƴǵͳɳƵ𣺡ˡ
ҹˣǸЩϢˡ
ֻ΢΢һ㶣Ǻܿģԭɫ糺գ˿ȴԽĺ͸˵ƻһˡ
ƴǾȻ㼱͡
ðɡ
Ȼ΢΢ţǺܿģ㷴Ӧ˹Ŀƴǣصĵ˵ͷá
ǳ¡
ŽչغãߵƴǵǰɲƴȴѾԹԵڻľԲãϲ֪ʲôʱЯŵһ
Ȼ
Ŀɿڴע֮£ķ鿴
ѾӦϼҼҪҪúõĳԼ
ƴҲȷ̤ķˣֻǡ
ȴɲԼ
Ըһ飬ҹҲԸⱧԼ
ҧŴƬ֮ѾˮĵĿƴǣ
Ϣ𣿡
ƴҡҡͷˡ
صޣϢˣ
˵գƴǱ㽫תеĴ齣صĿʼе

ͺһЦһ
վԭء
˫һˮĿƴǵĨıӰ
ĸǱˡ
֮ǰδƴ˵ʲôҲԼû뵽ԼƴǵУô
ƴǶԸܡ
ڽһ㡣
õĺôûеƴǵ޳
վԭãǱԼƴȴ޸Ӧһ㣬ԵԼе飬Ҳ֪ʱ˶á
ĽԼеˮ˻ȥ
е˫ָǽ߬ţĿҲǴʹ׵ıԹޡ
ԭ
ƴôԴԼУʼնƴǱϣġ
Ͼƴʵ̫㣬ˣŮ˲ĺҲŮˣҲ⣬ڵƴϲֻģҲҪ
һƴǻῴԼĺô
Ҳһ죬ֻΪܲԼĴںͶƴǽнԶ
ʱ򣬱ԼĻˣ
û뵽ƴǺֻ֮ĸô
ôŬôֻǰƴǵĹϵֻ޶ãϣȫĮԼĴڣƴǡ
ҲǶԼһ̬ȡ
ƴǿǡϡ
ˡ
֮ϵľ֮
ȻԸΪֻ񣬲κŮˡ
˵Ц˾úЦ
ôôñ
һűӰ˿δƴǣҲûǰȥƴǣһһ˫ʬһĻصԼĴ֮ϡ
˳£ȴǰ˯ȫޣֻĿնŴϵķɫɴᣣҲ֪ʲôĳ
ƴǵĶҲǰֶıһҹ
֣һҹʱ䣬˼û˯Ҳǳı֮
ĳ͸οյ񻨴ҫڷ֮ڵʱƴŽŵ£ƿţŲ̤˳ȥ
ڴϵҲƴ뿪Լķ֮󣬻ĴӴ
ĿԹĿǱƴ½ŵķš
á
á
ЦŵĿڣ޳˫ָǲԾ߬ŵĽƴǣĺܺá
ȶģ
ǾͲҪҲˣ
ô˵ƴǱ׷ɱˣ˵ƴǸȻҲǶƴҹ²չ˵Ķģɽ뿪ȥ߽ɳǵ֮ǰҲƴ׿ӦԼ˵յɹĶػλ
һӭȢԼΪĻʺ󡭡
һжƴԼдӦġ
ǵͷȴȫǱƴ
ǽȫˣԼĸмҲǰ㶼ûˡ
տʼʱҲƴǲƣֻίȫ
²ܳΪƴǵĻʺҲҪֻҪ˻ʹлƴǵദġ
ʯĳˣбȵʱ
û뵽
ƴǾһʯͷô治ȣֻ˵ƴֻǶֻһů
Ͳûѹ·ſƴǵĴˡ
û뵽ƴǻĶ
ʱⱻŭȡھȻĵľãҹĻ˵ĺܶԣĺܶԡ
ƴǾһֵõˣ
ֵƴǵ顣
ֵΪԶòƴǵĳ谮ܾˣ
ʱ䡣
һͷ

ֻǷͷ
Ĵ뷨жġ
ϵЦˣеĿҲǻȻĴӴҲ֪ʲôȻƴǵ󽫷Ŵ󿪣󲽳Ժȥ
һֱڰĶֵĿķӦĿɻ󡭡

1172 һͷ

1172 һͷ
ƽĸ֮󣬱һֱ͵͵Ȼǽִ֮
Ϊµģ
û뵽쾹ȻҲǸȴûʲôʵõķ
ûܳɹĽƴദǱˡ
ЩȻ
ΪԼûϣֹˣǲ롭
һҹĹ򣬶˾Ȼֻలµദ
ȻûϸͶûۿȴڳʱƵϸˡ
ƴǻӷгʱϵѶǺϵʱһģһһ˿嶼ûУȻҹƴȻķУȴʲô鶼ûġ
ƴҲǰĴӷг
ƴǵġɫ֮УǶţϵıƺЩԾģǴǰǰᣬüۼ䡭üۼ鶼ˡ
Ҫʲô
кɻ󣬸ֿܡ

Ҫʲôܹûܳģ
㹻ˡ
ҲûæһǻʺȽ˽ϵģǻʺʲôûҲܽϸյεģġ

תת
Ӱ֪ȥηȴȻĸҲԺӡ
иľϲ͸
ֻͷһݣ
ƴķаһҹڴշתһҹͬģֻҲΪҩһҹδߣЩ˵Եɵġ
ϼҵĺԺͬһȺҲû˯š
ϼҼԴ֮֮£ȥϷ˵ԺУټеŮǣʵһúõ飬ѡСС˫ӳ
ҽԼļƻ˵ϺϺѩ
Ȼǵġ
Ҳʵü
ǽϼҷ˸ùǺ
ôЩ꣬˵һֱ
ϼҼڶﵱУҪΪóģһ˫Ůżļֵϼҷ˱ڲԸҲûá
˭ǸŮ
źúõĴǰ̵ıҪҪǸʲô졣
Լǰֵܹ˭أ
ϺϺѩҪȥƴǵģϲʤ
֮ǰϼҵʱһֱȥ
ĸŮܲ
仹ƴˣǸûеֿҲ۰Ͱ͵ĸŴȥ͸˼ƴǣǻŮˣҲǻҪġ
ϺϺѩͺԸ⡣
ƴҪòòҪݣֻҪǳΪƴǵŮˣǵɻʺҲ棬Ǳȼ޸ɽҰõĲҪ̫
ҡ
ʹһǸĵط
⿴һͷ֪ˡ
ǰֻϲһɫȹϱʩ죬ϵķҲûʲôģһЩͨĿʽԴ޸ƴ֮˵ڹ滹ǳƴǵļأαҲ޷׷ϵģʵĽ
Ů
Ĺע޷ǾڴŴϣ߼͸ĸֵδɷǷԽˡ
ϺϺѩΪⱲעҪˣϾҪҵƴǸõˣ죬ҵˣ˼һһԼ
ڣû뵽ϼҼȻָǴϣ
ϼҼȻ˵˵ϵߣֻ˭Ըȥ˭бȥ˭ȥˣ
ϼҼһУҪΪֶϼҼһŮУϺϺѩһ˫ȻĽóɹϼҼǰվ˽ŸΪ˺ѡ
ߣϼҼҲԼһ˫ŮȽϺá
Ȼһ˫˵òҲһ޶ϵȴǲһǿֶκĵóķԼŮֶε̡
ѩׯ欸ġ
һһȻֻɫòǻѷɫģҲԼŵͳǽ˿űǻϲ
ãǱǽöˣ
ϼҼİ嶨Ǵ㵽ܲܳɣʣµıҪԼıˡ
Ҫ׻һԿ׼ʱŷӰǵġ
ϼҼء
ȻԼ뷨̬ȥƴǡ
ĸ˲ϲӵұ
ƴǿڿ˵Իʺ鲻ģҲΪƴᣬѪգٵŹ֮ƴǱܻףɴߣ͸Ǽʱ֣Ůƣʲô˼
ʱϺϺѩԽûǿǿȤУƴǴĺôͿ֡
л
ϺϺѩղɵøϼĨ糺죬ǵϼҼ
һԵϼҷ˺ɣֻпŵķݶˡ
ϼҷ˺ݺݵһɣδ˵ָɣΪĲ
ˡ
Ҷɢ˰ɣ
ⷬȶϼҼѾѡ˺ʵѡҺ⣬ʣµŮҲٶá
ϼҼѾ˾Ůɵÿɥȴε뿪
׼һ¡
ϼҼԺֻʣϼҷһ֮󣬱ڷԸǴǰʲôԹϷ򲻹ܣ£ѩͺŴôġ
㲻㶯ݺŪˣͲҪϷ㲻ˡ
֪𣿡
ϼҼ䡣
ǰǲ֪ԼЩݡ
ֻȥˡ
ô࣬һһȢǡ
ȴǲһˡ
ڵõϷϺϺѩĵطȻҪĸŮ˻ţǵ껤һ㡣
ϼҼԸֱ֮˦뿪
ǸոճԺ֮ϼҷ˱۾
ʲô
ΪʲôҪôҰ
Щ꣬ϼҼӭȢ˲ٵţΪ˹ԼϼҼ˵ĵλϷûٻ˼ȥӦԸָе˷֮⣬ȷǱʰķġ
ǡ
ϼҷҲǸ˴۵ġ
ԭ곤ֶۣѾòƵŮһ㣬ơ
ϼҷȻҪúõرʱȴΪʱ
֮£ϼҷֻܽϣԼһ˫Ůϡ
κԼĶӲ츳ӹӹµµҲͰˣԼŮҲǸģ
ô˼Ů
һԼĸ⣬Ͻ
ǵԼŮϵʱӶǸ磡
ϼҷ˳Ʋҵ
ɿſ޳ϼҷЩ̣Ҫǰȥϼҷ˲޺Ϣһ
Ҳ
Сϲ硣
ߣɵ棬ҲǴСҪġ
òȡˣôõͷƴ𡭡
ϺϺѩȥ£ɰͲÿЦأ
ȻǲԸȥǽһˡ
ˡ
ʵҲͦõġ
ԥſڣѩͺҪ˹ԺҪһ涼ˡ
ߣǸʲôɫֲǲ֪
ûܸöĳĻϣҲδܱѩͺ׵ĸöʱ˵Ǻ£ǵĸ״ŭ
ʹäĿġ
ǰǻʧȥǵġ
ϣҲǲݰġ
ǰû޵ʱǿɲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ϼҪ۸Сʵ٣ǿĸùˣ
󻹲ϼҼء
ϺϺѩ빬һ𶷣ǳ붼ô̼
ɵȷЩϧ빬ĻͿܵģֻǿϧۿ׳۵ĳ棬ǡ
Ϊڿϧ빬ϣ
Һ͸ڲҲͦõġ
ٲҲߵģ˭Ǹ۸㣬㺰һ̾ˡŴĺϼҷˣ㿴Ƿ
ͺѩгϢȥĻʹϣǵı£ҲټһС
Ǻͺѩû½ߣϼҾֻʣ˷һˣʱ򻹻·𣡡
ɳϼҷգգ۾ʱɶ͸Ǿһվѷൽǰ㴦ˣ
ô˵
ϼҷ˵ĿȻֹ
Ǻ֪ϻ¶Цݡ
񡭡
ô˵Ǻеġ
ϼҷΪ뵽ϾҪԼֺģգǱôһο֮ϼҷ˲빬ʲô¶ˡ
ˡ
ϺѩϺ빬ʱ򣬷ȷԼǰҫ
Ӿˡ
ɽ߻ʵԶ
ǻԼ۸
ϼҷͷһ͵ɣɶһΣĿ⵹Ǳ׵ĿⳤԶˣ
ٺ١
Щ˼ЦЦ
ȻʱǻäĿģʱΪ˰Ҳ˱ô
ɺ˽ĸ׵ԸҪ鲻ӸԴϼҷģǳ綼ǲֵģҪ˵飬Ȱ˵ɹ֮ҲͲб뷨˼ˡ
Ϊ˲빬Ϊܼ޸죬ҲʵĽʾ֭óԼȫˣ
һжΪ˰顣

1173 Ҫɽ

1173  Ҫɽ
Ϊ˰ʾ֭
ףȺúõϢɣҹû˯á
ɲϼҷ˵˴ţҪŮúõ׼Ǿͺúõĸ׼һ£Ҳʧ˶ٶ
ߣڶֻǿջܲǸѡ빬ûȷأ״飬һûѡû빬ƱҪġ
ʱǷͲֻǷˣҪģɱմϹϵƽ׵ĺǸǱڹ
ɼϼҷ˵ѾȶֻĲţôǾôҳ鶼ûϵ°ѱ
̫˽ϼҷˡ
ϼҷƹܼô˱СĽǴͱ̻ˣҲΪϼҷϰߣԼĺӣ˶С
ϼҼߵʱ˵ҪúõĸϺϺѩ׼ţǱúõ׼š
˭˭Ӯ
ܹǺûʲôϵģԱ߿֣ʵʹ졣
ϱá
ϼҷصĵͷţɶ˵ĺܶԣ֪ˡ
ױϢˡ
ϼҷǲ˵׻ûʲôоôһ֮ױ÷Ľˡ
ϼҷ˸Ǻ˱ӣĵĴӷ˳ȥʱ򣬱ƼһӰȻվڷ档
ǡ

ߵѾߡ
ʱԼǰʲô
ɵĺ鵱ͱĳָӰ쵽ˣ
ɫѿˡ
첽ǰɫĿŶʲô
Ǽʲô磬ʲôˣ
ɵǰ𻹺ãǣֻҪ˿ˣͺ޵
ֻǿϧֽƤˣɾҪǵһ
ɱŭĳŶ붫ȴѸٵĹԼǰС㣬ū澹ûб˼ǴСū澹ġ
֪𱬵Ƣ
ԼĻδ˵أֱӱɸˣæͬɽͣūԼҪġ
Ŷ
ԼҪģ
˶ĻɺǴ㵺;ȣǺܿģ㽫ɻѹȥŶҲǴżͲмġ
ͲǸˣߵˣҲʲôˡ
С͸ߣʱȴΪķԸԼǰ
˵ʲôıڵԼأ
ɲŲôɵıƭ
ԡ
ūԼҪġ
ɲԼĻ͵ٶҲûʲôãҪҪѹؼ˵УūʵЩȥˣС㡭
ǿЩȥɡ
үȥǴСˣ
£ֻϵķŭһʧת𾪣ҲŲ
ʲô
˵ʲô
ϱŵĵɴ˫Ŷ
㾹Ȼ˵ȥǸСˣ
˵
ֱ
ǸôңôҵƴǵͿʼˣ
ǼʵĲ
С㣬ǿЩԼȥɣʱ֪ū˵Ļǲˣ
ǵĵȷȷļˣȥʲôͲ֪ˣǼģ㹻ˣɼȥǰ֣Ҳǲѵġ
Ϳˡ
ƺǻȥһĽϵ˵˳䣬ǲɷӦֱӼڣŲţū澸飬˵ĻѾ˵ˣūиˣ
ֲҪɵǰ͵ġ
ֻ뿴ѡ
ֻ뿴ȥΪ
Ѹٵ¡
ĿҲ˲𾪺ͷŭ
û취˭ߺѨأ
ÿֻҪ漰죬ʧȥǣ仹ǡ˽һһʱǱǸɷˣ
Ҳܶ˵Ļǲġ
ǼٵģҲҪȷһУ
ңɵҲ֪ôˣͻȻһܲõԤУĪĲܾʲôҪ
Ҳܲôˡ
ǰȴԼǸվҲҪȥȷһ£
ŭĳԺӷȥһʦģ
ᡭ
ƴߺ󣬳Լķ䣬ҪƴۣҲҪֻԣϼҼ߿࣬ǡֱźԺԺȥ
ƴǶʣҲöƴˡ
鷢չڵĳ̶ȣԽãȨݣҪʵʵĶץвΪȫɿġ
һб㶼Ǹơ
֮ǰŵ·ϵʱƴǽ˵ҪæԼᵽϼҵȨƣѾôЩʱˣȴ㶯ûƼ
ĮĶԴԼ
á
ƴҪԶţҲǵһˡ
ӵӦԼӭȢԼΪĻʺʼѾʧˣ
ҲںĴˡ
ôֻԼˡ
һҪõȨģһҪվ֮ϵģڵǳϹݣŪúõģҪȻʺ󻹸ӷ⣬ŪãֻǹƷ
ԲܾôΪ˵ĵʯ
ϼҼҪԼƺƴǣӶһ̲Ȩ
ã
ôװİæϼҼȥԸٹӲţϼҼ֮ǰƳıУȫҪƴǵĸͰˡ
Ҫɽ
ҪĽɽҪһĽɽ
ȴи
˺ӡ
˳ĳΪ̫ӡ
ĸģܸˮǴΪ̫
֮ϡ
ǰһֱϣƴǵϣһֱڴԼܺƴһĹ⣬ϼҼǲԼƴǵġ
ҲҪ
ȫԸϼҼϼңһһվƴǵƴǡ
ϧϼҼĿƴǲϼҼˡ
ϧϧ
ϧôƴǲġ
ǾֻܱƴҲĿ
ƴǲϡûϵ
еϡ
óóȻȻĴԼӣʱȷǷŭһϵշתߣȴĺˡ
ΪʲôҪŭ
Ҫӡ
ӣƴܸˣҲܸͬˡ
Ǹӣоˡ
֮ǰĵҲҪԼڱҪԼ
Ȼ
˭Ӳ㶨ۡ
㶨ۿܻٵԶȱϯ
ҲãƴҲãǺҪԼľ㹻ˡ
ˣƷȷôȴǺеҪõԼƴǣֻǶԼĮҲͰˣǸӵԼҲû
ĵԼǿ鱦ˣ
ŹƳġ
ǹƳ˳תƵӵϡ
ӣƴôȻûʲôΣˣ֮ϼҼýҩҪǱƴǿɾͲһˡ
ܻܲǸδ֪ˡ
ҵĻˡ
ĺӵܻʲôʱ򣿣
ûϼƵĽҩܱסӵ
ȵȡ
ţȻһԾ顭
ٿضסŲ
ԭĿ˲˾ȡ
ƴйƣҹƳ滹ǻӰ캢ӵģôΪʲôģһ㶼ǱƳҹĥģ
֮ǰΪӸǺƴһ޵òûɹǺӵ
һģһ
˵Լģ¶û˻ŵġ
ΪҲˡ
룬ȴźܴĲԾ
ƴǵǲĺӵģûݷô⣬ںڸеʱҲĺһģ
ѵ
ѵӸͲƴģ
ǡ
Ǵģ
ĲŪһƴĺأ
δҲ̫˰ɣ
ʱ飬ҲǶԳƸݿʼɡ

ⶼǺˡ
ҽеĴѹȥŽǰԺӣŲ˽ȥ
ܾۿװô˵Ͷ뵽ƴǵĻУŭ
ٲƴǣҲǸˣҲ˵ϵġ
ԼϲҪõŮ˵Լͱң˭涼ǳܲסģ
ǡôã
Ҳδµģߺʱ䣬붼Ǻһ𣬸տʼʱûɵĴڣǺ
ƵƵԼҲûܾĵˡ
ֱӴӦɣǾ˫ԣڴõ껪档
Щ׵ػԿסˣ컹ɲںȽ֮£ԵԽĲǿˣҲԳ
һϡ
춼ں޺޵Ŀжȹġ
ںԼΪʲôƴǵ书Լĸ߾ͿʼӺˡ
ôҲӦúƴǼ棬ĸƴǣԼڵģƴǸϽóҪƴǲ
ߣ˱ǴҲǿԵģ
˸еɡ
ϧ

1174 

1174 
쵱ʱȷǱĻסˡ
ƴ书ǿЩˡ
ƴǵ书ϼҼµĻôԼóóȻȻĶ֣Ҳֲôġ
ֺڣߣֺǾᡣ
û뵽췴˼ʱһٻӰȻĵԼǰһӭ챾ͰһҹɺĿЩȫע
˳̧ͷӭÿĲϴˮڸԼǳЦ
Ц̫
ϴǳǳЦݣһ˫ˮṴһ
ЩģЩɣԼǲһҹδ˯Բþˣ
ԼΪ̫˼ˣǰŻӰ񣬵ʵǰ˲ˣֻҪԼһ֣ܷ֣Ӱʧ
ô
һ㶼Σ
С
һأ
һأ
ţ̽ŵһǰӰ

ЩɳƣǴ̽СΣҲ̫ȥߣļ޸ߡ
û뵽
ԭֻǱԿ̬ȿѯʣɲ룬Լ˵һ˲䣬ǰǵӰȻԼӦ
Ķˣεε⿴Լӣһĺ촽΢΢һĨȣǰôˣ
Ѳɣʶ𣿡
ǰôˣ
Ѳɡ
ʶ𣡣
ǰˣȻΣ
ٿشԺʯֻûѪڵĿǰٻӰ˲ãҹһϰҹû˯ƣʧˣ֮иǾѪҺڣ
ǲʶ
ֻǡôеɻˡ
ǰĪ˵ǸԼɫˣǿԼһۣǾܾڣûжԼԣݸЦŵĿԼһĵԼԺ档
ʵ𾪡
ܾڵԼǰ͸ŵ֣Ǿ˵
ʱ򣬲Ӧո̷ƴǺúõڷϢ
ΪλԼǰ
뵽ƴǵģһįֻ˲䣬еį㱻ָѹȥģòϡ
ȻʱǴǳǳЦݵģȴѿƣ
񡭡
ҲǺԼһһҹδ˯
ңڿϵճȹ
Լ뷿еʱȿıǰɽ塣
̫ޣҲļ¡
ϵȹһҹ֮еӣȻȹҲ΢΢Щģֻ˵΢΢ƽ²ŲСµĺۼǱ˴ռвеģ
ѵǡ
ûش˲и˼ֲ²ģ
ѵûкƴһҹã
ƴǷǽ뵽ķ֮Уһҹûгġ
տʼ챻뿪ӣȴû뿪ʶվõģȷƴһֱķеġ
һﲻ
ƴԴûëɣ
Ҫôƴǵʲôмë
ܹëģ
ǡƴûԼǰҪʲô
ʶ촽ʵǡʵ̫ˣ񡭡ؿڱԼʱ򣬿ĸˣԼĿķ⣬Ҫĸࡣ
ǹɺòѹĻ͵شҪǿҡ
ģĻƵĵ
ⲻ֪ĶҪԼ졣
˼ֵʱ޹ǵѾԼĻУ˿Լ죬׾ȴŬļȡԼİ
̵Ϊתöһ˵һ㡣
޳ıźסԼĲ硭
Ҫҡ
һ磬ɨƽʣµȫǣһף˲Ժը졭
ԭͰһЩѪ˿˲ɺһƬ˵䣬ֱӽٶȳԼķзɱ

˫أɵþȴʶıĲԼ⼫µҲǺŸܵϡ
һࡣ
ĶǴ³Ľˤ˴ϣȴǿ𼱻ǵģЦͣȴһĨ⻮
ˡȻֻǿ°˼Ķ
Ҫʲôġ
˷ܵĲ죬ҲЩڴ
Ѿ̫öûо˵İͽˡ

1175 ײ

1175 ײ
֮ǰһֱм죬ڣȻѾ죬ӦǸúúõܵġ
ھãԼǰ벻һֱΪԼ
һԼƴǣÿ춼СģƴһˣԼҪҪʱֺúͷֻ
տֻɫ

ƸǸӣСС;Ҳ֪ѧ̰棬ˣԼ
бһɻ
ǰôģôʹеЩ裬ȴһֱҧдΣгһƴܻͷԼĴڣ
ĶԼã
ڵÿǰֻúܺЦú
ͨˡ
ͨ˼Ϊ˶Ȩƺ͵λҲҪ¶Լģ˻һӣ̫ίԼ
ο
ģƺҲûô⡣
Сɫļ֮£ǽ׳ؼԼǰȡ
ĶˣҲŷ
͸˵ĺƻ
ɴӶĿе֪쾹ȻҹģǷŭ
Ҳܶ˵ĻǼ٣ҪúõĵһΪʲôôҪ
ǲ룬ŭĵԺʱԺȴܼƣֻ˺ĺպ׵ľޡ
ŭյĵ˺ĵǰʵǹأ
ĺľδɵģʶɣǿɵװ磬Ҳǲ²߰˷ֶȻݲͬģ˵ģҲϼҵСˡ
ľۿһɲδ
֮ľЩ᲻¡
ǺĵЦݵǰɻشǹﳿʱˣҲ֪ҪȻλСĴң
ֺҪ飬ǹʱū澰תһ£
̽ŵĿɡ
ȴɫûɫ
ֲЦˡ
̬ȹģҲȻһԹ÷
ûڣ
š
ġɵѯʣЦס
ɱ㲻ٺͺĶת뿪
һǶǸѾͷûµԼǰ˵
ûԺ棬ôҲͲܼģ
ôţԭʢŭһĻ˲١
Ҳ³Цݡ
ת뿪Ժӡ
˵컹δأҲʱȥˣ
ţĨһ
Ѿɹףֻ괺ůĺʱֱӰóˡ
ӣͽ硣
ɵĽŲҲɵüӿ죬żԺӱȥǵɵԺʱȴԺһˡ
֡
ôûأ
춼ʱԺģ
ǽ쾹Ȼ㷴
дʣһ̽ŵǰķ䣬иڴţЩ˰ɣ
ǲˣ
ô
ЩģȻȥҪŵȴ˰УǸ̲סĲ
ŷţĴԼĶУ˲˫ᣬԭء
Ǻǡ
磬û
Ū˼ˣ
ķУȻбŮ˵
ҡģ
ڷʲô
Ů˵ֱɵѾˣ뵽ֿܣֻȴԸȥܣܲ˰ˣ
ֵϡһ˴صĴϢɺϤ

˶һġ
òԶõġ
ʱ岢Ǵӣ滹ǵõ˼㣬µҪ׵ɵʱ򣬶ûйֿС
֨¡
ű򿪡
ɱ˫ˮĴԭأ𾪵ĿŴϵķȴһ仰˵
ϵҲ֨µһ򿪡
ֻƳĿ⵭Ŀһۣ·ûһġ

еĵͿиࡣ
žɫ߳ϸһ˫ӸȻǷ飬ĿĿɣǳơ
ǵġ
ƣ
ɴԼԣô᲻ǺޣԭҪɣԼ֮ԣû뵽ɾȻԼĹĿˡǾ͹ֲˣ
Դ¶ƴ֮Ҫȴǰӻĳȥӷŵÿ
磬òá
ۡ
ԡ

1176 ϲ˭

1176 ϲ˭
ߵҧԼĴǣߵƳһۣڹĿƵ˵ǡ硭
ɶȡ
ϲ˭أ

Ļδ׵ʳڣݺݵһײĻ˻ȥٶȱ˽
ͬʱҲǷһͺ
˲ٵϸ
ƽ춯ĸ糺գҲɱȻˡ
Զϲ㡣
ǰ˵ǾɽϵŮʳ˼̻𣬸߲ʡ
á
һ
ҪҪʱˣȴٳûеõʶ淢Ȼı仯ӸտʼֻһҪԽԽ
ռҲԽԽǿҡ
ЩϧĳûܸԼ
ҲҪҲɲԼеĵλ
ҡ
ζıҪõ̫ࡣ
һʱ򣬱ɿڿ˵ϲԼȴҪʱ򣬸ͲӦ
˺ȾƵʱʵĳžƾβ
˶ǻŵģͺǸᶯľ㣬ȫҪһˣܲĿ֣Ͽ崿ʵȴģһʱ
ͺǳһ
֪ں񫣬ȴ޷ܡ
¡
ھԼ󣬿Ҳܲôˡ
ϲġ
Ը⽫Լ彻պ󡭡ʲô¶ˡ
Ȼ
ҪɻҪĻҲܾģǻᰴռƻȥӭȢɣϾڻƴǵϹûа취ֱӼ޸Լġ
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֮
ţĽŻصϣǺ˱ӣԼȴǺһϡ
ɶôˡ
컺˵أɵǰĮһ˿鶼
ɶ
ôˣ
ɾĿ̣֮˲ûа֮߳ģֱ׳վԼߣԼôˣ
ɱûڿŴǰԼϲ޷԰εĿڴǻһŻ
ž
ӭ档
ɾȻһ仰Ϊδ˵ֱӸһơ
һֻ֮ϺһƬҲʹĲУʹҲԶԶۡ
ȻҲŮӣҲǶ书ģڷŭϺݺݵȹȥ˲䣬ϱһӡպ
˵˵ôˣ
ɵſ⣺㡭ǡôԵң
δڵʱһܿƵסֻһ˱ñð亹巢һ˿֮һ˲ı˵״̬
ɲִֻһƣ˫ָǽ߬ȭͷصôϣôԵҡ
ôԵң
ȻɴĺʹڿʹģȴǲδԣӾֱֱվԭɷйֻǵڣͣĽɵ֣ϣЩʧȥлָ
ɶ侲һ㡣
ɶ侲һ£˵
һɳƵ״̬ʱȰ˵˵ɱ
ΪʲôҪƭңԼ˵úõչҵģΪʲô
ΪʲôҪƭңΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô
ˮԽԽףֻ΢΢üͷڴŵȴǲɵЦĿģֻǾĪʹ죬ЩѲĴԼϡ
Ц֮
ǺǣΪʲô
Ϊ㲻ã֮ǰΪѵĺһһ
ѽɶĶԲҲǹġ
ֻǺһʱûס鲻Խģ
װģɣ֮ı龪ȣͺֻǺ֪һ㣬һ˫ӯӯˮ޹ĻȰ˵ɡ
ʵȴһֱڴ̼ɵ񾭡
ÿһ仰ǳҩζơ
ƺǺϲɷӡ
Ƿˡ
ƾʲôһ˷衣
ҪǾʹһ𰡣
ǻȥˣʲôںˡ
ÿһ仰ͬһݺݵĴɵĿڴɽʣµǳױ˫߬ȭͷҧıҪŴϵȥ

1177 ɱ㣡

1177  ɱ㣡
Ҫļˡ
㣡
㹴ģ㲻֪ܣ
ҧгݣǴмô仰ѾˣǳϹ㻹Ĳʼį
ˣҪɱ㣡
ɱȻǰȴٿ֣߬ɡ
֮ǰɲô죬ȻۣһֱŵģһҪ֣ȴͻȻֶԸɡ
ǡ
ˣ
ɰôõˣ
ɶͰ޹أԽҪֱ㽫еĹҵϰɣֻް
Ҳ޹ģ촹ĿͬɶӣȴǶά
ⲻ֪ԽԽǴ̼ɣ˺ɸ
졭
ֶһ
ϵЦ绨ɵŭֵĵǶûУңһֱԼġ
ͻȻãҲûʲôõģ롭
ɵǰͦġ
磬ʱ䲻ˣұȻȥˡʮĿűץסɣǷݵǶдˣƫƫ쿴ĵط
ҵ㡣
Ķ˵ĻСȴǸպܱɸȥ
ɵ˫˲󣬺һҪǰȥ˺ż졣
ˣ
Ҫɱ㣡
վס
磬ſңҧгݣһǱС˸ƻˣŻʧǵĶԴԼֻҪ˸ɱˣô»صԼǰˡ
Ҳ˸Լ磬Ҳᡣ
㲻Ҫ
ҪȥǳĻϣҪȥߵõ˸
һĽ
ֻҪǲ漰ʲô˺죬춼ֻٰ̣Ҫһ漰ۿɣԶǿųһ㣺ˣɶ
ɵٿֱӽɵ˦˳ȥֱˤڵϡ
Ȼ츳ȲƴǺۣǵҲϼһе̳ҲİĽ
߰ɡ
쿴ڵϷŭľͿҪʧȥǵɣȴɵ͡
ǳЦĵͷĿƳϵɵʱȴǱ䣺Ҫȥ߻Ϻ͸״ˣȥߣֻǣҪ³
Ǻȥ
޸ƴǵ飬ϼҼһֲٰģûеõƴǵĳ谮鶼ǹغƼҺϼҵҪǴƴǺͱһǡ
ϼҼɫܺÿ
ߡ
ο⻹ˡ
һĨЦ
ԼˣԼܲסҪȥֱˣ
˵ȥˣôÿأ
ҧ촽Ŀŭ
ϵıȴٿȥתϮһĨЦݣɲǼʧ˷԰
ɶҵĺá
㻹Ǽװ֪ģҪá
ͻȻʼƭˡ
檵ģǳ֮е飬ǿ״ˣٸȷǺ㶨ˣѵ㶨֮󣬾Ͳ쿴ϱŮ𣿡
ֵ˸״˵ǰҲǲռġ
Ȩᡣ
ִһһȫһ
ִһһ޵£Ҫǲ˵ĻĻССģ鸾
ڹŴҡ
ƫ
һƫǱϺϿɵģŮҪһһһֻԼһŮˣѡ
ƴģǿģʣµģ㶼Ǳ㹴־ֱӹȥˡ
ΪˣûҪ˩סһӣҲ졣
ο
ɱǵжԵ״̬Ͳʹأ
Ź񫡣
ҪŮ˴ӹĶС
ģ˭Ҳûа취ĻˣܲסԼ壬ӿɺ޸
ûа㺦ɵģʲôѡҪԶˡ
Լ
ִҲ˵ʲôϡ
ԽԼƲĺ
ˡ
ʲôϵ
磬ұˡ
˵գһż⣬һǣҲɵɫﳤȥ
˦ڵϵȴǱķ
ߺ쿴ɵıҲû֮ǰǰˡ
ǻǰɵǰ֣Ҫȥɸ
ֻҪһַȫģɱĵ
ң
жˮŴŵĵ䣬ɸǱıסԼԴ
û취
ûа취ˣ
˵ЩɲвΪŸɾ

1178 ˭ϲ

1178  ˭ϲ
ô죿
ôأ
Ѿˣ˶Ѿף׵Ӷ˿ˡ
ʱҪɲ޸죬ôϼҷ˽ͣ
ô˵ԭ
˵ˣƱҪһģ򣬲˲ºͬǾãеĹɵϣɵİҪ׵ġ
ĺ׵ʱȴҪˡ
ҡ
СʱͿʼϲ졣
ò޸תˣס
òײŵģ
˭ϲأ
ۼһɵҲֻжķŭ̫࡭
ɴӣԽԽף̲ס
ˡ
ǸС˹磬޹ġ
ֻҪǸСˡ
ôͻģ
û磬ûˣ
˫ֲɵúݺݵָ߬ǶҲȻǹģС˾˲ݣһױһףϲϼҼǰαװ
Ҫһαǰ
ԼΪײ˶칰ãҪװ׵ı
ıһжı
ҪԼߵѾ߹װڸԼ͵͵ţʵȴҪԼѿҪԼŭģ
ɲϵƴĸԼҪסܷ𣬸ܾʹ˳׺Ͼϵ
硭
Ƭ̵ĹѾŵ鶼͸ˣڿ쿪ڵʱ̲סʡ
ڡ
Ѿˡ
Ҳûʲô˼ˡ
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ĿĿɣĲɵգɵҲ˼ζ
ǷһǺǿġ
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ãҲȻٺˡ
ֻǡ
ˣˮģ쾹Ȼٶ˷Ӧãɣˡ
ܡ
˽ϲĺһܱŮˣ
ԲŻֵģ޵ֿ
ǰΪ󣬺ǿơ
ǰҲֻǽߣʾ˵Ů˶Ǻһ󱣻ģ㡭Ƿ˱һ
ɶ
СеĻ𲻶ϣţҲ
ֻҪɲģǻģȥ־ȻƣɵСϣǻɵ䡣
ɶˡ
úõ㡣
ĺôǶɺǲ
ȴ˫ɴ󣬲ŵ졭
ʼһ˲ĴԼǰô꣬ΪûܿĿȻ֪޳ܣ
ǵģ޳ܣ
ɵкϲ죬ְֺޣҲȻܲոպһת˲֮ͻҪԼͬ顣
ƴҡͷҲҪ
ſң
ſң
ôļ򣬸ƴţϵЦȴˣǲɷ˵Ľɸסˣɶԡ
Ҫ
ѵҪȥй𣿡
һ仰ɾ
ޡ
ôȥС
ҲԼ
˫һԼҡƮ
쿴ɵĿܺݺݵɵĴϸɵĶ𣺡ɶԡ
ѵ㲻ϲ𣿡
ҺֻǷ곡Ϸ
һѾ˵Ķֻôܺȣ
ֻǷй
ҪԼҵķйҵģ
ԽԽǽеĹ׸ҲڳǽеĴͷҲֻ֪ҪȽɸ˾ˡ
ɣܵõԼҪġ
˵ԽļҲԽĸ߰
һ֮ڡ
Ȼͬʱӵɺˡ
ǰζ벻顣
ɵķԣֱӽɱ˴֮󣬴Ƭ֮Ѿᳵ·Ľ⿪ϵǰķʱ¶˳
֮ұ㲻ȥˣ
仰ͺħһ㡣
ϵɵԺлص
Ĵɵۿе䣬ȴ˷һ㣬ͻȻǰһĽۿеˮһһǸɣǱǰһʱ˷ܺͼ
ѹµȴץסѹŵĽеĳȼգĬĬķġ
һ
һ֮ء

1179 ƹˤ

1179 ƹˤ
ķ뿪ʱ򣬳֮˪
ѾõԼҪõˡ
Ͳںʲô鲻ġ
ӽԺǶͺûаĹϵˡ
ͻȻãԼɣǰΨΨŵŵҪˡ
ôǰô벻ŴõӲȥҪƴǵƴʲôʱܹתԼأ
ЦŵĴԺ뿪ɫȻĻصԼķ䡣
ɻĸкǲ⡣
ȥʲôˣ
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ôܲȥǰأҪȥǰֵĻΪʲôϿıˣü鼫ȴǿ̵ģ
ô£
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ǡ
ô
ûú֮ǰҪװģĴǰġ
ţѾڵЦݵĵߣ
ūѾš
š
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ѵ
ϽϻҪķ
ѹеɻѸٵȥķԸ¡
һԵǻãľްĶȴԹ޲ѡ
һҹµǴģĽԤƳҩ۸Ƴ
ֻֻûĹͷ콩Ӳһ㣬ÿһ¶ǽ졣
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ǡ
ϼҼҪƴǳ
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Ҳģƴж
һֻ֮ƴǵĿڴǵƴǣƴǣôˣ
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ǧһ£ϱ鹧Ŀƴǣӡ
ƴǻ֣Щҩ۽ǧУȥɡ
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ֵʱǧ΢΢һǺܿı㿴ƴǳɵĵͷ֪
ƴ̤ŵһ˲俪ʼƴǵˣǧΪױ㰵нŴ˸飬ŵĴԵͼȴЩܵĵط޴֪֮⡭
µģǧ֪ġ

1180 ط

1180 ط
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ǧ֪ҪƴǺֻҪ硣
ƴǱ΢΢ţĿԺĿǧɫȻĿڡ
Ǳȥɡ
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ֻǲˣҵĵӺǿûö˵ʲôϻֱӽǧй˲Ժˡ
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ǧҲǵЦݣؿұûʲôЩǻʺĹ͡
Цеģһ˫˲еĿʣ·һһ㣺˺ˣҲ㲻ˣ
ҵøϽҩȥҵǰҵ˷ַȥŵĵǷãձܿƳв
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ѾõˣиżЩҩ۷ȥϽʹãҲĳ̶Ƚͼˡ
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򵥵ĺǧ֮󣬱ֱһԻǧĶĴߴţڿʲôأöˡ
ⶫҲǵģƽʱģôǧǧƲˡ
ǧҲòεĹִȶꡣ
Ŷá֪ĵͷڿǧʱԥԥĲջģڿŵһ㡣
𿴶ƽʱɵģû˷Σʱ򣬶ʶı
ǧ̤Ժӵһ˲𣬶бΣС
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ֻϼҼһҰģҴһĺƴԣݺƴǣԲͼֻҪϼҵľͿԡ

1181 ʩչ

1181 ʩչ
ϾŶκһط˵ǼҪĶ
ңҺҲûкԼȥóȻҪ˼ҵĲЩʧͲصģһʵ䷴˲õӰͺ
ֻϼҼһƴǹȥĲˣŭļ壬Ǿͱźƴˡ
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ǧҪúõĥĥôӸոŲͼˣ
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ЩԲ롣
ǧĽüϵıҲǸӵľᣬֱӱѹȥĴҲǽһĨζЦݡ
ӦĲܿˣܿǧԣôǧԭ;ˣܶԶûеһأ
νмۺ졣
Ӷ֣δⲻһõİ취
֮ǧӰҲ֮ʧСԺС

һԤƳҩѾõˡ
ϲĽҩ͵ǰǿԽЩҩ۷ַȥڵĵԤˡ
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ҪôҩֻòҪôƳˣǾһá
ǰٷֻ֮ģȴǲһġ
ΪһֻԼ۾ű˿˵ģԼŮԼǰ϶ҲҪԼĽеġ
δǰȸԾĿɨһ۲еҩۣü˼ˡ
ҵӦ룬Ĺ˵ǰ
ʾЩǰеҩ۽˹ԸԤƳҩۣԡ
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Ҳ֪ûҲû˵ʲôֱӽҩ˹ȥ
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һȺ˵˶ҵΣָǰҵӰγ彣ֻ֮ǰǰ㣬ֱ˵Դϻ˺ۡ
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ҩ۵ĵǣ̽ŵǹƳ濿
ȻѾҩۣǰòǰڿЩĹƳʱ򣬻ǲɵͷƤ顣
ӲĶҽһ㣬ʶı۾һģ
ͶɤУҲĿŵĿӵʵ
ֻԵĿһ¿ЩƳ滹᲻ǾͿԣıҧ̵ţǿһԵĶͲ˵ҲϸĶţһǵϵĹƳҪƣóǣ
ӵҲ
һܰװ׵˷ˡ
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𾪵ˡ
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ҩЧģ
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ڳˣһǳȵϼҼʱ˿̵Ҳǲ¶οЦݣǲѿ˶ʵһģ
ǰҵӣоǽٺһģصһ
̫ˣ
ǰ˵̽ĵӵļ򣺡ˣˣ
ȰЩƳɱûոɾ
ǿԽҩ۷ַȥеĵʹˣ
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Ҫ죡
ŵĵΪЩҩô壬ǷǸʺһݴˣ
Ҫúõлл˼ң
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ǵǲõİĳеİȫˣʱ뾿ôӸԴϽЩ˵ĹƳɾˣ
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β˵Ҫġ
β֮ʣµץĻֵαҪŵˡ

1182 ֹȷ

1182 ֹȷ
ԣҲǳĿڣϡƽأǰ
ϷҲ뿴˭ŵĶŵı˷ˣ
Ƴҵ飬һֱǴһƵıĵλΪҼ֪ʱѾ̫̫
ʱôãʧȥĻᣬֻܱİ
ڲһˣֻѾɹƳ˵ֿЩɴӵҩۣô֮źҲǴӱҵȨ
µġ
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ҲԸǰȥ顣
鱾ʱǷڶҵģΪԼĸûܼʱĻ㱨ҽѹˣʱôڹƻϣҶγǰġ
޷ˡ
εģοͬŶеÿġ
ǿǿ
ŵҲһá
ļ书жߣжǿǵĺ㹻ڵĻע˥ܵģֻвͶһĵӣžԵθУܽŵصպŷ
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Щҩ۰ҵĵӵĵȼֱ𷢷ȥҪÿ˵жУҩ۲Ҫ
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ڶңҽ𣬱ǰȥϼҷ󡣡
ϼ͵ģǽ˶ź֮ȥϼңҩ۲ýֳƣϼҵ˵ҲǺܺ÷ŵģ
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Ůȥæˣ
֮ͬ󣬲ŶٵȥԼ
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֮ǰ˶ҳţڴ»ָ˳̬ĺг档
ˣڷҩ֮󣬱ЩƳη壬ǲٺ¹Ƴ棬Ͼʱ仹ԼԺ棬ɽ·ʼѰҹƳټ
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죡
һʱ䣬ҩ۵ҩЧ󡭡
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ƴᣬ΢΢ţֻĿҲᣬ˿ûгʱǰɺŵôˡ
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1183 ˣҪˣ

1183  ˣҪˣ
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ֻϸĽֻͣߴˡ
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ɽ϶ʲôèڵġ
ֻǸտʼЩǲóȻɽҲԼԵ޹ʵľͳ˸ʬҩ֮ҲЩϸİɫĳǹƳ֮Щ˵ĵҲʹжҼΪףһڵĵǰǰɽѰԭɽ淢ƵˣǾ͸˳ƽ˸ץˣҲ˺֮ˣ
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Ŷ˵ƴǵĿҲǸǵǡ
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ǶǴȥɽȥѰԭΪ˺ǵİȫڡ
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1184 

1184 
ɫţɫ̧ȱҪȥҲתص˱ҵУڻȥҵĵӦǻôзõġ
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ҴҵĽⷬǲһ˸Ŷһɽת뿪
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Ļֻеʱ㿩һѾˡ
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1185 Ҫȫû

1185  Ҫȫû
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㣬һҪæ취
ܲʱҵİ취
ҶźܶɽҪˣɽкܶĹƳ棬ۼģɽǺ޷¡ܾһزˣ
ҪǶҼͳҲãȫû
Ĺؼǡ
ؼǶҼͳĵԼҩ֮һʧ
̬ǸͲκ׼ȥԤƳģҪں׼һȺƻ˼ĹƳĻ
ĳǿֲͷƤ飡
ֻ֣дſ⣺㣬һҪæǰ
ȱģİɣ
ȻΪҲŷģұһҪܵ׵ġ
ֻϵİοŲ룬ĿиǶ˼־죡
ʱ֮ڣһþȫȥƳҩۣⳡΣ
ֻŴģӦֻʰοǸҽߡ
á
صĵͷֻǸм
³ʹҩ۷ʽĴ󣬿ڲǶֻĴжģϾͷβǺֻûаĹϵ
˵䲻ġ
ûֻŵЩǳ綼ǻᱻƳ湥Ȼһһɱġ
ֻ·ʽǴ˵ġ
ȴĴϢʱ䡣
졭
̫ˣ
Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ͺֻĻĪһ㣬ǸһŶ衣
æ֮ĨԼۿᣬͻȻץֻ˫֣ǽ㣬ҩ۵ʱ㻹ҪˣһиҪҪȥ

Щҩ⣬㲻ܲ˵ĳɽȥϣܽҼͶҵĳϵǸ
Ҳ֪ڵˡ
Ҫȥҵҽҩ۵֪ͶҵˣҲˡ
š
ȥɡֻεŲǰĵģԼҲץʱ䣬ֶص˷֮ڣʼһµơ
¿ɵˣǴƴһѰҽ⿪ƴڹƳİ취ģû뵽ʱ򣬱㱻ˣӴ֮󡭡һֱоҩжȹˡ
ƴǺǧѾĲֻϵıǸӣ˴໥һ֮ҲǾԵĻصԼԺ档
Щ˵æµ
ڷеʵġ
֮ͨҲھڸƴǵϣ翵ĶⱲӶٴˡ
컶֮Щá
ҲŮˣҲǻҹ˾ʱ
ֻǴǰһֱţö֮Ҳ㲻ʲôˣڡ
ں˼֮֮Ҳ㲻ˡ
ʱŷֱ±ЩĽˡ
׼˷˰ڷڷ֮㽫е˶ǲɢˣֻǽԼһ˹˷䵱УҲ֪ڷоæʲô
ģûоãǵĹЩһˡ
ľǵ͵ĺ˰̾۵֡
ۼϱİӡЩתֻԾŷĿеֱˣ̲סҪʹҷһ¡

1186 Ŷ

1186  Ŷ
ǰʱʼǴǳǳЦݵģȻҲǺÿվòᣬԴϴӹķг֮󣬹Ǵﵽ͸©ŲԾ
ҪʾĶԾ˵
ϻʼնЦݵģ޵ĹЦ⣬еĿˮȴǡ
ˡ
˺ͻȻΪʲôϵı仯ô
ϵʷ˱ʵı仯
ԭ崿ڵȴǴӹɢȡ
ѵ
ѵﵱ̫
ǰڹеʱһֱûеõϵĳ谮иͷڲһˡ
ƴķдһҹѾķ˰ɣ
ҲΪܳˣڶɢʺ͸о˸ı䣿
Ҫͺ⻰϶ľ޵ģǽ죬Ĳûľޣһϲ˵˻ľڵķ˵ͷ
ҲǸŴ˹֣صĿľ޿ڣЩһˡ
ңܾⲻʲô¡
ЩԾ
ô꣬ҲǴûҲ֪׾ʲôʲô
£ĺľҲĴ˸ȴĿĸŴţϧȴʲô
ҹɫŨ
һ筺ɫĵĳȹ壬ɿļͣϷܽ˿ҡţͶ֮Ƿ飬һ˫ЬҲţİڷڴϣ次
ڶͺĵԺΪʲôĸıôʱһӰȻĴӴﵽķ֮ڣӰѸ׼ȷĳϸȥ
κ˵Ļ᣺Һ㡣
Ƿܴ󣬸տʼһʱЩҪɼ춼ûҺǻ书ġ
챻м尾
ݺݵҪ֮ȴڻζģϵʱһֱʼΣñܼ尾
͵ҹ쳹׺֮󣬺ǰ
Ŀҧĺ촽
ȴĿ죬޳ָ˳ǰЦͣＱӣֲǳԲˡ
𣿡
Ҳ졣
ȴûǰļ
ƣѾ׼˾ƲˣôҲҪȳһЩתﻹݡ
ԶһŻ
Żá
ɲûи˵Ļᣬֱ§ϸݺݵѹϣҵʵѵ㻹ڻ𣿡
ǲóҲԡ
촽ǹһĨаȵЦ⡣
Цͣ
ϵӰٶȾһ
ʱͣ¡
ֻô죬ӱԴĿƳϵķˣ˰ɣȥһȣ
ˣϰģȴô³ôãѾۼˣο֮ǰڲʱһֱ΢΢ǷӣͼĽӽﵽߵĳ̶ȡ
š
С
屾ֲ书һӺķ¸Ǿöýˡ
ֽļϣĽģá
ų֮ٺúõĶȹĳҹ
ͳֵƳһ죬ȭǴؿڴ磬û
Ҳ֪ƴҪŴãһҪץʱ䣬ϽϺӣ㽫ص˳Ҳڱ޴룬ƴǱտԣóеĴ֪еϢôֻ֪иһӵģ
쿴ĵط׵ıһı䡣
ӰѸٵҹɫзɱȴǳٳٶδҼͶҵַǵӰۼžҪɽɽˣǽȥ
Ҳ˵ɽ·ݺᣬ֪ҼͶҵЩϵߵһ·֪ȴҲ֪ܲ׷ϡ
ҼͶҳϵʱΪҩۣЩƳĹǶһ
ͲһֱæµŽҩ͵˵УûʱԼá
һ
һԼס
ҧһȥӡ
ɣ
ҪҲҪȽҳϺ͵ǸҵȰ˵ǿЩɽ
һܺùô
ˣҪܽǶȻǶҲֵˣ
ڶ׼̤ɽʱ򣬲ԶڶӰȺԼ

1187 빲

1187  빲
Св룡
Լˣ
Ȼ᲻Լһȥģ

ȵȣ
ԶԼ
ɵöһĨЦݣ񾭼Ϥ˲䣬ʱɿ˲ϤݣöĪİģֹסиˡ
ԭҪ̤ŵĽŲʱ˻ǺԥĳŲķ˹ȥôˣ
Ų룬첽˲ǰæʳ˿ڡ
ʱ˵ҪƴǴŲȥǸʲôʺǰȥʣЩҩ۷֮ʲôΣյ
ôˣ
ҵ˽İ취أ
ڴѸٵĻӦŲ룺⣡
أ
ԶĲɫһϲǲɵһáļʱˡ
ûɽһжˣ
֮ڣҪóóȻȻöɽһöҼͳϵɽҪӿֲ顣
Щҩ۵ķ÷ȷǴ˵ģҲǺء
ǲǶôأҲˣŻַɻ
ǶһδüҩۣɽϵĹƳʱ춼һˣ
ʺ˵Щҩôˣ
ҵ˽ӦԵİ취
ŲڵķϣһǳĬԵȻĿڣһѯʳô⣬Ȼż˵ġ
Ѹٵƽһ·Ϸɱ´صϢĿصĿŶЩҩ۵ʹ÷ˣҪнЩҩ۸ԡķЧά졣
ȻôȥֻǻάҩЧҩЧȥ֮ĺҲҪ֮ǰûзõʱأЩƳ
¹⣬¹ض׵飬벻аֵôֻģôڶǰظԲʵʵ˵
˵ˣھȥƻЩҩ۵Ľҩһƴȫ֮ҵİ취ҳϺ͵ǸȻ
æĲš
ʵʵ˵ǱȻģҲö˱ǺֻæֻͣϾ˭뿴ġ
ԡ
ϵı任Ǹӡ
־ϲǷŭҡ
ϲǣЩҩʹ÷ˣҲöҼ̶ǷŭԭΪ
ʹ÷ˣ
ֻ׹
ֵĲںӣʱ򶼾Բôģҩʱʹõİ취˵ڡ
˵ĵսľ
ܹ黹ҵģ黹תġ
ֻҪںͲɽҼͶҵЩǺͳǸһȻʵʵĴڵֻƳҩ֮󣬱Լˡ
ԭ򣬱öɿҲ֮ǰǰȻϢ֮ķŭͽˣҲûйֵȥֻ
ѹϾǴҶŹģȻΪֻû˵ŵôֻϾǿаЩȥЩҩ۵ģҲǶҼͳϵ̫ļ
߸ոҩЧǱһȺ˱Ѿɽ׷׷
ȥһҶǣ
̫嶯
¶ȥ֮Լˡ
Щȵĵ˵ͷǲԾЩ룬лл㣡
֣صĿڣŲĿ档
ɽϵδ֪Σյģ˭֪ɽ浽ǲǻйƳ棬֪Ǳݵ˻᲻ɽ棬ҪûڷǺˡ
Ҫɽ棬ǲ׶༪١
Σյ£뾹Ȼĸ˹æԼȥҶҼͶҳϣöĸжǲ֪ôллźˣ
ǲȴǱ죬ĿŶ˵ʲô֮仹Ҫ˵лл𣿡
ǴСһ𳤴壬˵һͬһӵĶΪ
Σգȥȥȶ֮еģοŶһɽҶҼͶҳϵǡ
Ҫô˵ĻҿɾͲˡ
װģȴǺٺٺٵɵЦ
˺ˣϽɵ𵢸ʱˣ
ΣĶļ֮󣬸侲ķԸĵǣǸһɽǵǱסͰȫҵҳǡ
ڼ䲻ܷʲôܳ嶯¡
оСġ
ʮֵСġ
ǧܱǽƻթĹƳ˿ӣ

1188 ˭˵ȥ

1188 ˭˵ȥ
ЩĹƳ棡
˵ЩƳʱ򣬼ҧмЩ޵
һ죬ὫЩ˵ĶĳὫǱź˵ĶˣƤ֮ǰĵǰϢ
֣صĽŵĵǸصĵͷü֮ء
£˭ˡ
ɽϺǰ޵춼ûУ˸ԸţǱ֮ǰİǿƽ˾
ǣС㣡
һصĵͷֱӸŲͶ󣬳ɽѰҶҼͶҳϵǡ
ֻһͷ뷿ƽҩ
֮Ϣɵ𾪣ǺܿģɵָЩҩ۵ĵǣĴڲҪЩûзҩ۵ĵǣַҹţԷһ
˭ģֻҪǷ˹ƳټǱһɾԲЩƳκε·
ƴǺǧһԱǳĻ̻̣ҵʱ򣬲ѯ˵Ǹصڡ
վһС
ΪϼҼǰһ
ڱƣŵų
ڱƣƴڲŻ˹ƳôĵĶβ
ֻǣڣƴǶʼˣƵ꣬ϼҼʹǲ
ֻҪǸˣǸŵˣӦ֪ĽƳųɱڵĵӣǶ˵Ǹص޷ܵ顣
ƵȴҪô
ϼҼʹģ걳ϼҼΥЩЩ飿
ʱ˿̵ϼҼһ˼ȴθƴǵȥϺϺѩһԽû棬ȫ֮ǰɽϺɵЭԺ
ȥԲ֣Ѫ
翵ĹƳ棬ϼҼǸǰ飡
뵱ϼҼƳƳֻ֮ҪǳɹҪƵ˵ڣʹҪϵˡ
ϼҼˡ
ǹƳ֡
ºȷȷȷʵʵϲȴʹ
Լ˼;
ҲΪ۲ŻҪ˽׵뿪Ƿ֮ء
ϼҼܹסۣ߳ŭҪۡ
ƴǵϵʱҲǣ˵ƳµģЩƳھ۵ʧ֮Ѿõ˺ܴĸƣһεЧһ֮ǰЧãƴ֮˵Ҳֻ
ϼҼˡ
ƴ¹ơ
ʱϼҼţǹƳûи٣ЧҲ֮ǰö٣ܹ飬ܹǿƴϲģʣµŬŬȫԡ
ƴԼصɳǣô궼̫ࡣ
Ϊ
ΪϼҼΪƳЧ
ʲôʱƴǵ涼ǻǹģ㹻ˣƴǱɹˣԷ޳ΪƴǵĻʺ󣬼ʱ𲻳ɹƴǴŶϲȥҲûʲôõġ
û뵽
ǧû㵽ĹƳЧûбãӵˡ
˵ʲôƴǻᰮǣˣ
ϼҼɰ㶼ûп
ƴǲϲԶô
˭ȥ˵ȥ
ҵѪ˭ܱ֤˵ƳЧﵽ£
ϼҼŲٱƭأ
ϼҼУֻƴǡ
ȴ󲻵Ȩƣƴǵϱǿֿɵá
ֻҪܿƵסƴǣĻȨǰϼҼˣ
;üǶԴǰûƴڣҪǵʱûĻĵǹƳЧϼҼҲ㲻ô龫ˡ
һҪٶһ˫Ů

Ҳûʲô۵ġ
Ů࣬С檸࡭û˾ûˡ
ЩŮõϣҲЩϼҼûа׽ǸӭȢš
Ǽ꣬ϼҼһ̧ȢС檣˶ΪϼҼɫԣ̰Ůɫ޷԰Σϧȴûע⵽ϼҼӭȢĸѾߵòϣһͬġ
ͬǣǶá
һˡ
üë۾ϵ񡭡
ģܹһطģϸĿ֮󣬱֣ᷢЩˣڲ̶ͬϣ͡
ЩѾǵüƴһ𣬱ǻѵڶ

1189 ȴһ

1189  ȴһ
ֻǿϧƴճڶҲֻˣȴһ
ϼҼźܶŮ˺ͺӣȻϲƣǶԴʱȴֺǴ󷽣ЩҵŮֻһٲĲʣ鲻Ըµ˶Ǻܸ˵ġ
ͲǰŮ
ЩǵϼҼֶκȨӲģʱȥô꣬ЩŮ˴ʼܽܶڵĿԽܡ
Ů
ʱ˱ġ
ʱֶǿƵȢʱвʣҲվᱻʱĥȥǣһʵ
Ψһ⡣
ϼҼô꣬Ψϥ޶Ů
뵽⣬ϼҼзŭҲϼҺݺ˶꣬Ҫ÷磬Ҫ꣬û˸Լļ죬ҲԼֿ
û뵽ϣȴƫƫˡ
ɺϼҼȻķŭȴҲǲýɱ
ֻܷںԺвܲʣѰˣ̧Ժݺݵĳҡ
ʱҴҡ
ǻǺܶǰϼҼִǺȥһ㣬ǺԼȥһŮ˶ѣǺû˶ãϼҼԺǺķ񣬸ûҪ
ģ㽫ԼעȨλ档
Ŷˡ
ϼҼӭȢʱϼҵļһ峤ֻǵʱϼڣһͨĳϵĶӣ
ϼҼ׿鰮ٺŽϼҼո¶âֱӳΪһ֮
ʱĺܿ졣
ϼҼǰʱǺܷŭģǽģŵɫ㻺ˣüҲɻЩֵǰĪķ

жûмˣ
ʱõԼǲˡ
ʱȢʱǷ绪ïȻѾް׷˵ĺꡣ
ģҲǽģ档
ϼҼһִһ֡ԼȢһλŹΪλûʲôӡأ
ǰ̹ĵĺޣģŻ䲻
תʵϼҼľãȻ


ϺѩϺ໥һۣǴӶԷп˴˵ľȺɻ
ϼҼʲôأ
֣
ǵ˽й˵Ҫ齻ģ߽ϼҼ֮ϼҼƮԶ˼Ҳ֪ʲôȻϺϺѩ÷
ϵı仯ζ
˵ҲǾúЦ
ȢЩŮ˶Ǻģǲ֪ΪʲôЩŮϣûһ̳òĵط֮䣬ϼҼеλҲű䵭ˡ
ʵ˰ɡ
ϼҼñزٵ飬ʱţֻûôҪô򵥣ǡȫԺ
ǿϺϺѩϼҼĸпԼѾܶ궼ûȥˣڣϼҼҲûĴڡ
ʱ嵭һС
嵭һеİޣһеҰĺҲὥĸűµС
ϺϺѩϼҼƮԶ˼˻
ϼҼеεĿ˼̶ջƮԶĿ⣬ĿʢװϺѩϺ񣺡ĺܺãŵʱǱͷˣȥϵĸǰ
֮ǰԼǰҪæƴǵǰ˵顣
Ҳ˵ˡ
ƴҲˡ
Ҳֻһҹķ֮У֮ûкˣҲûҲˡ
ҪǴǰϼҼ϶ᲪȻŭƴûĺͲʶ̧١
ڣѾ˱õѡϺϺѩϼҼҲƴǳ費ûôǿҵĿˣϣƴܿһ˫Ů
ֻҪƴǵķźƴǣôպǵ֣ǽıҲǺǴƽƽԲϼҼĿ֣صĿϺϺѩͳϺƶ
ҪϺϺѩɹܳ裬ôϼҼ˵ǷһöϼҲ㲻ҪٷˣתϺϺѩòŮС
ǹ
ƴǿ϶ǻӵġ
ϼҼãҲشϺϺڽڵϼҼһġã
˻ûƴǵأѾʼҪΪĴˣ

1190 

1190  
ݱǹϺϺѩҲ֪ȻѾʼԽУоǽֻǱ빬˹֮ҲȻϵ·һ㣬ܾƴǵĳ谮
ʱƣֻ乬
л
ϺϺѩĹЦϼҼл
ϼҼҲδԣֻɫȻĵ˵ͷ㿪ڵˣûʲôǱúõ׼ɣȡõʧ
˵ĻѾ˵ˣʣȡˣҪֶˡ

ϼҼȴһ㶼ĵġ
ô꣬ԴӹǸʱ֮󣬱Ůɫ֮ϣÿȥԺҵˣ඼Ƿġ
ǷòΪڣʵǷ˵ֶκһ֣ÿζϼҼĳС
ŷĸ׽ϺϺѩ׼ĻᣬҪƴǸµġ
ǣŮˡ
ϺϺѩ빪Ӧ¡
ϼҼǿȴǱ֮Ҳ޷׵ƽ
ҪԽǿҡ
뿴ЩӹôҪԼĳɾͣεĴȨա뿴Լǰڵģ
ţϼҼҲɵøų˼֡
ϺϺѩ뿪ϼҼԺ֮ϼҼҲŲԺȥȥķ򡭡
Ժӡ
ȽԺķԺҪࡣ
ԺֻǼ򵥵Щݲ֮⣬װΣҲֻǼ򵥵СԺǰ㣬ŴԺǽ
ڵȻҪѰů˺ܶ࣬վҲǻܵ仯ġ
ƴǵʱѾӦѾˡ
ڵҲǱա
αֵã·Ǻ͵һϴźɫĳȹӰʳ˼̻ӣ޶˵䷲ϼҡ
뵱ʱҲǺ䶯һʱ
ͬϼҼġģŵģﱾԭһˡ
⧲ĺ棬Ժæµ
ϼҼ߾ͺǳõļ䱻һ룬糱ˮļ˲ӿԺ֮С
ǳϼһɡ
¡
֮ʱϼҼҲѣơ
ϼҼĶ׵ѡڵϼҷˣǡĽ㡭
ǺͻȻʧ٣ϼҼ߳ŭҲ޶˵ǣΪϼҼ뵱꣬׷꣬ˡ
޸Լ֮󣬸Ǵûһչ¶Цݡ
Լʼǵġ
ֵˮ
Ļϸĵ̷ȴҲЦˡ
ʵ룬ҲΪϼҼЩʹɣΪôѾϰ߽е˼ȨƵϣҲûôˣŶҲΡ
ӻ飬ģ
ûʲôϵġ
֮ǰһֱԼܺãԼȴӻĹϣĥôãҲԺôá
ڻȻ֣ϼҼһʱ֪֮Լôȥˣ
ѵõĲڷ˼Լôô˺顭ԼЦЦˡ
ôϲЦһˡ
ϼҼĿ޵į³ĴԺ濴񣬿ɲ浽Ժ棬Ӱ֮ȴ֣Լ粽УǦһء
ϼҼ򴽣üĽţվ̤һת뿪
ɲԺȴʰҩݵʱת֮ʷϼҼԥԺӰ
üȴһ㽫еҩʱķ˵ϣĵϼҼǰòĹ
ôˣ
˾ҲԺֻվ棿
ϼҼյľٶǷ
ϼҼ겻ͬģҲδϼҼ
ֻǾЩԾ
ǰϼҼѾȨɱ˫ۣУֻʣ˱ƣ֮ԻֳôĶһЩͿĵǲģȴǿĺףΪԼҰ׼
Ǿ˵ĲԾȴ˵ġ
˵ĹѾŴ󿪣˸ƣʲôȽһȲ˵ɡ

1191 洫˫ӻ

1191 洫˫ӻ
ϼҼԭǴ͵͵뿪ģû뵽ñ
ĿԼȥ
һʱ֮䣬ϼҼֻԼ彩ӲǽȥҲǣȥҲǡ
ڵϼҼʱΪЩѾʧ˵ҪԼһȲ裬ϼҼϵԥеĶҡվƫڽȥ仰ϡ
ϼҼܿıҲԥֱӵ˵ͷ
ݵһֺòġ
ȻǸţϼͬһ壬УҲǻϰġ
˫ӡ
ǽ㣬á
ճǻӱ
һֱڽŵģĪ˵Ҫϰ书ճʱûҲΪ
ڵĸһЩƽǶĹգЩʱĳеչΡ
ҲºͣܳȥһҲֹۣİоҽ伮
ڵĵǴϰģҲǴˡ
Ȳ飬Щھеĸ˼ҲŽģŵĲˮԽʾС
ǲ룬ıѧһֵĺգݳĲˮζ㣬ԶԶ·ŵǽϼҵЩǲˣÿϾʱֲȡ
ϼҼҲ顣
ʼչǳǳЦݣʱʱĻһЩЯó͸ˡ
һμ䱻ѹȥϼҼǰڷŵĲˮжʱпǧ
ֽǲ豭УȴǾ÷ĳء
ʱȥá

ݵĲζҲ
ϼҼȴǱˡ
ջǺʹǰһáһȲ¶ǣϼҼů˲٣ǰֵܶȥɽϲҩʱֶﲻֲȵģ
ֻ
ʱȻֲȵģĿȴ׷ϡ
˫ãȴֽȻͬʺ͸о
Ϊ̥Ļɣƺºͣһ󣬶ǳĬģܴһգҲ˵ϼ仰
ȴһ
ȵġ
µǸ߽һ㣬ģ᲻˵Ŀ⡣
˵Ǻʵ˵ѡ
Щãֻǽ񿴳Ҫչ˵Сһ㣬ֳͬǶ𡭡ǵǺȷˡ
ǰ
ҪӭȢ
ҪһӵһŮ
ϼҼҲ⡣
׷ܶ࣬ȴԸ߰˭ϣ˭ףܾˡ
Ȼܾһʹ飬ڣ˭ûнܣֻǹһˣЩܾӲģܾûлġ
һΡ
Ų֪ôһ˵ꡣ
˵ļء
ҪŵĹϸ߳ҽܽ
ʱΪòҽССͱ㱥ҽҽ곤̬ȣҲΪʴϻ۶޹ǿ
ԡ
ٷ˵ʱǻʶѡȥǰ
û˵ʲôϵıȴ
ʱϼҼ֣Ϊһ˵𣬾Ȼ˵ĪķУҪ֪֮ǰ˹ϵ׺ĵˣ𶼻İæ
ķӦվֻ֣Ҳûж롣
˼ԸԸβ˼ҵ飬˲վ˵ۣȥָˡ
ĿŽǰ㷴ȴ͵͵ʹ˸ɫԼԺӣ֮ÿ춼ĵҩҩȥǸˡ
һģϵ˺۾Ȼ漣չ֮½תԭòҲչ¶
ʱڵĵǲŶڣΪʲôҪ˵˸
Ȼǡ
ÿ
һ˫аȵһۣǡ
ϼЩֵĺӱȲء
˵ǣӾȻһ𣬲Ҷչ˷׷
ŸոմʱǶŵҪԣ׼׵˽Ӵ˶ܺúõˣڰ֮󣬴ǰЩɵȺúҲǸոմڵʱȫ䣬С
Ϣȥƽȡ
Ҳģûôˡ
ߣкܶĵһֱҪȥ濴羿жྫʵġ
걻˻֮ᾭϼҵЩǵǰĺܶ飬һʱ֮
ҶĵҲûô࡭
£ϲһ廨𡭡
ϼҼһ

1192 

1192 
ʱǳĬԣİȴȵġ
ͻȻ˵ʶ㣬ֶҲǸ߳տʼʱȷᣬǾö֮֮ȻҪ飬ӦҪ޸ꡣ
һϢ˳òϼҵĵźûܽľɫӵ뻳Ǵ֪Ѿİ֮ҲǷ׷ѡ˷
ΨϼҼ
лĬĬϲܶϣǺǱȻ갵ԽϾ
ϼҼ
ƾʲôǸģȻֻ컬һЩȴܺ𽻸ģԼʵãһֱػ߶ˣȴǱӶ
ǻ˱Ŀªġ
֮ĽϼҼҲҪһЩֶεġ
겻֪ĵϢ˵мҪ뿪ţŻ֮һὫӭȢţϧ
һȥҲû
ʱϼҼΪҪĿ࿴Ѿϼ׷ССĳɾͣɹĻеļ̳ˣΪһѡ
ҲΪݵߣŻϼҼ̸ʸ
ҪȥѰǸ꣬ϾֻǹһˣǴ̤ŵģӼҹ棬ִҪߣȴҲһҵ䣬ͺǴһ㣬Բн
ϼҼͲһˡ
ȻϼҴȨͷϼҵһͬȥѰңôǾԻԼҪĶ࣬ЧĶࡣ
һǲʡ
𲻸꾹Ȼ嵽˳̶ȣϼҵʱƴ׷Լ֮ȴ׵ĽԼţϼԺ
Ǹˣǡ
ıˣҲҪҵ굱˵ԲϢĴʧͺͬĳҲô⧲һ
У𲻸ңǲš
ǸնԼˣȻķ飬˵߾ߡ
ҪҵҪ׿ʲô˼
֮£ӦϼҼҪͬҪס
ϼҼȻϲʤϴӦǲϼҵĵѰңʵȴûнϣֻǺǵĶԴ
ʵϸ룬ҲϼҼôô顣
ϼҼϲҪ󣬳Σ֮ʣû٣ôʵҪȥæҵǸꣿ
ҵ֮˫˫ܣ
ȻƲԼĻ֮زز
ϼҼ֮ôô˵ֻҪƭӦ°ˡ
һɹף췹ϼҼҲӰӾҲ˵ʲôֻĬĬܡ
ϼҼͲʲô˾ӡ
˾ӣֻǳΪϼͨϵĶӣõĳ·ǳϣǲ˾ӣΪĿĲֶ֮Ҫʲôܵõ
ϼҼ֮λԼһֱФ
ϧ
ϼҼ̴úá
ȴôҲû뵽Ȼ˴֮չȻӻ飬ֻϼҼһ˱ۡ
ǸʱϼҼĳªĿҲκεأֱӵչ¶
ӻǸϣϼҼŭҵǰ䣬˵֪ϼҼ㲻ɷ˵ǿռ
ºǲԸݣľͽԼĺԺ
һϼҼĵŮ
ί
ϼҼǴûиͺͱĻᣬĥȫȻ֮ʱϧֳ֮֮飬ǲġ
üΡ
ЩΪԼĥɥȪ
ʵ룬ϼҼġ
˵֪һǲ֪
Դе˶Ǻᣬû˵ѣȻ˫ãԸȴϵرȫһǶиԵģǵʲô飬Ҳֻһ˾˾Ȼ
ο
οƾ赱ʱǺҲ޼¡
ǵʱϼҼȴǲ
Ѿ޳ͷԣǽĳǿеļϣǺԼȥһ㣬ҲǺ˶ȥһϼҼӭȢµķˡ
ǱҵһϵС㡣
ŵԡ
Ⱥ̧ôԺ
Դһձһ̬ȶӡ
һΣϼҼۼӲʣɫҰЩֹ֮סԼ֮ǰлƣɫӵĿһϢ񣬲ٺԼȥĥ񡭡
еˣԼעתƵȨ档
ϼѾˣ۹֮ϡ

Ĺ֮ϣ

1193 ĵ

1193 ĵ
ʵô꣬ϼҼеĳʼնʧֻڻһַйˡ
ڣûаԹˣǿźͶǰһģһδ˿ıϼҼαˡ
ֻ̹ȻиûϼҼôԶôࡣ
ֻϼҼĿ֮ɫȻЦЦĿˮĿϼҼϲǱ㳣һȣˮкô
򴽵Цδʩȴ¾á
һʱ֮䣬ȻϼҼ
Ѿܶ궼ûпЦˣû뵽ոաȻԼЦЦ
ֻòǳǳһЦȴЦϼҼĵһ㡣
ϼҼ˵ͷе鵹Щζӣá
䣬룬ĿݵϼҼȰ˵ϼҵȷǷģҪæµȫҲȷˡ
һˮúȣһ
Щңѵ徻
ݸЦţڵ˫˸һ㣺ҩɹܾˣҪϽջҵҲ֪ģûҩͺûһұ㲻дˡ
˵գ㲻ϼҼ˵ĻᣬֱٶȳԺȥ
ʰ˷ŷŵЩҩģɫƽ͵Ŀʼʰıרע·ϼҼʱ򣬾ʺһѰˡ
ȴҲ
ֻѡ
ϼҼ֪͸ˣŻĶԴԼֻǽԼİˣŵòǵĽԼСˡ
ϼҼЩĲˮֻеĿɬ࣬Ƿζ崼Ȳ裬ҲҲȲȥڡ
ϼҼĿ͸οյ񻨴ԺæµжʱЩҡ
СΪӲõԭ򣬾ǶҽģҲֹۣܾʲô˺ܺЦԼصԲ㡣
ܶ鶼ˡ
Ǻܶȴû䡣
ϼҼջؿǣҵĴ󲽿˳ȥ
ԺʰҩĵȴǶסеĶĿ⸴ӵĿȥϼҼıӰĿ֮䣬ȴȫȻϼҼʱǰˮ
ɻ
ϼҼҲڽŲ첽Ժ֮Ȼס΢΢Ŵ˫Ŀи𺳡
֪ˡ
֪ΪʲôڳοƴǵǸʺʱǸʺĵѣϼҼҲֻŭȴҪɱǸֻ
ΪϤУ
ϼҼȻΪ񷱶ԭЩòԼǰִţټֻ̫òԭϼҼûֻòΪôơ
ֻһϤĸоΪʲôԭϾҪԼԺԽƫƫģֻǲôһ㣬ڡ
ϼҼˣ
Ϊʲôڼֻʱ򣬻ĸоˡ
ôô
ôô
ϼҼûмˡ
ԺЩǱѰϱһĺˣȻȴֻһ֣ķҲü۵ĵطǽȻһġ
ϼҼֻһ˲ȻһͷǺ֮ƺҪԺĳһ㡣
ƫƫȴô롣
ӻ֮ʧӰ٣ѲֻŮ
ֻŮŻпܺô
ҲֻŮŻֻڲԾеʺ̸£𡭡
Ѫϵǿ֮
ϼҼҲǾ࣬ȴΪڣʱ˿̵뷨ĪĽòΪζʱʧӰ١
ķŭ
𡭡
ҪֻʱŮҲͰˣôϼҼҿԲֻˣֻĹ⣬ôϼҼģҪƴܾ˵³ͺҲȻҪֻصĴۣ
ϼҼţֱ˦һ뿪
ӡ
Ѿž󲿷ֵǰɽѰҶͶҼˡ
ҲָҵĵǶΨϼҺͱ嵹ûʲô쳣ǧһ£еǷ϶˼ĮȻ
ƴ˵顣
ʱѯƴǵĿ;
Ƕ֮ǰĻɣѾϼҵ鶼̽˸飬δκټϼҡûơǧصĿƴǣԼϢ޾ϸͬƴǽҡϼҵˣһٲֵ֪Ƴ飬µˡ
Ҫ˵ϼҵЩˣ֪Ҳ֮١
һϼҼ

1194 ·

1194 ·
ϼҼ⣬һж¶ϼҼΪϼңǧҲκεġ
ѵ
ҲϼҼαװ
ǧü˵Լ뷨
ʵҲܵġ
һϼҼȽϻ̫ƽҲδ֪
ƴǵأЩڵӶʲôطģϢ𣿡
ϼ޴֣Դӱĵط롣
ɲ룬ǧҡҡͷġ
ûС
ѾõĽ׶ΣЩŵĵֻĴɢŵĹƳ䵼µģûʲôɣ޼Ѱ
£ǧ㳹ȻƴϵıҲǼأ˭û뵽žȻĹǲڱĹƳ꣬ȻҲô
ֻŵЩ޴֣ƴǺǧרóҲҲ˿
ίʵϡ
ƴǽüʯһڵ˫Ŀ䣺ϼҼʲô쳣
ϼҼǧϵıǸӡ
ûС
ǧʵĻشţȻΪϼҼס书ǿǧ޷̫ȥලϼҼԶԶĿţҲ֪ϼҼûʲô쳣ľٶģУҲ˼ֺƴǣԼŮƴǵǰó衭
Ȿûʲô
ԭϼҼҲôģ㲻ʲôϡ顣
ֻһ㡭
ǧԥŵĿƴǣֻӡµϼңһˡ
һͻʺﳤúˣ
ƴǽüĵɿͻʺﳤúˡ
ѵǡ
ֻǸûĸף
ֻǸûĸ׵飬ƴҲֻģֻ˵ֻ֪ϼңģһ֪ˡڣǧȻϼҿ˺ֻúˣ
㲻ֻĸףҲǺֻĪĹϵģҪĿʳֻĸ׵ҲǺõİ
Եģƴǧ˻㱨ʱҲЩġ
ĸĸ˫׶Ѿˡ
ʣµıֻֻĸةһҪҵֻףôֻ˵ضȻǺܸ˵ģߡƴΪʧȥԼĸʺĸ󣬲֪Ҫԡ
ֻӣĻʺôֻĸ׺ĸҲƴԼĸ׺ĸס
Ҫܲţǽֻһ˲䣬ƴǱٵĽϲøѹȥ
ѰĻǧϵıҲӦǺԼһ˵ģһĪչѵлʲô֪
ƴĿƳǧʲô˵޷
ǸͻʺﳤúŮˣ񡭡ϼҼ
ƴĿصĿǧȻʣµĻǧûм˵ȥƴȴǶǧԥĻеĺ壺˵ǸͻúŮˣϼҼ
ƴǵĻȻʵģȴѾ˿϶Ļش𣬲ҡ
ǧҲƴǵע֮»ĵ˵ͷ
һʱ֮䷿ͻȻĬ
ƴǺǧи˼ȴĬ˭ûмڡ
ֲǧһӦ˺ͻú񣬿йػĸ׵ǧȴҪԥܿڣֻΪ漰ϼҼ
ǺϾͰѾ˲ݵ״̬ϡ
ֻΪ˴֮Ա˴˻õļֵ͵ģԲûг׵˺
ϼҼһֱ쳯ȨƴǺֻ˵·ʯ綼Ҫɱ֮ģƴǺֻҲΪϼҼƴ˹ƣ֮ǡ
ҵ˽Ƴİ취֮һҪϼҼʬΡ
˺ǳ飬ڱϿźгվûа취һֱάȥģĸֻ˭ϼҼ
ôһЩˣ
ʱ򣬻Ǹʲôһ̬ȥԼòҵأ
ƴǶʱЩᣬǧҲǳ
ȴﵽʲô˵ɣƴǳƬ̣ǧԸ
ô²ⶼֻ֮õȷеĴ֮ϣҲŪϵӰİ취ľˣ
ǣ

ǧ˹֣µʱȴͻȻԺ˽Ų
ǧƴǵͻȻ˱䣬ǾĿԺӰǧĶ죬ֱӵűߣ͸϶Ӱ˸ϱ鸴ӵĿƴǡ
ôˣ
ĽŲӦ书̫ߵģһŮ˵ģӦ͵ϮģΪǧϵı黹ġζ
Ȼ
ƴǻȻվǧ˳ƿ˹ȥʱƴֵľı飬ȻǺǧϵıһģһһô޷

1195 ֵҪһ

1195 ֵҪһ
Ժ滺ֵӰǱˣǰϼҼĻ˵ĪģžҪΪεϺѩϺá
ϼҼֽ֮˷Ů֮Ĵ֮󣬿غĺװһ
ڿļͣ޳ĴȣҲһ࣬ǡ
ȥˣ
ǣԭ̻гģõЩֶȻϼҼǰźãȻ󣬸ܽϼҼźġ
ƴǵǰǡḡǲֵһģ
ǧԭŵıͻȻɢȻЦŵĿƴǣǹ˲ʲôˡ

ϣ¡ǸҪӵұ֮ˣ
ǧԼƴǵ֮ͬġ
˵ǸϼҼҲǹģǴҵ˵ôһ˫ӣɱ˵ϼҼŮҲ̫ˡ
͸ƴһŮҪ

ǿõװ磬֪ǸӦģƴºˣžͺǽһϼҼŮĸˡ
һһǽ˾ӦҲǾһͷۡ
οƴǻֲϲŮɫˣϺϺѩҪǻ˵ĻǲôĶЦŽܣǶƴ˵ˡ
ƴǲϲҪŰ취ȥӦԵġ
ΪˣǿƴǽüͷǧԽȤ
òЦΪѣҲŮ˵ıˡ
ǧġ
ĲǹҪֻģʵԲƴǱŮΧ߾ӾúЦ
ƴǿϺϺѩʱϵĵȷȷǱΪѣڿǧЦӯӯĿЦģüͷȴͻȻɿˡ
üЦЦĿǧ
ôˣ
ӣôá£
ǧЦЩ޹˼ɣڽӴƴģЦЦȴͻȻЩţһɲõԤжʱͷֻô²
ŵǧδЦݾ㽩Ӳڴǣ˵ҲŲĿİͰ͡
Ҫûʲô飬±ˡ
ƴǵһĴ΢΢һĨȣǧǾͷƤ飬ƴǣ˵ŭ˺¡
ʮΪϼơ
ǧҪ뿪
ȴ룬ֱӱƴǵĻסˡ
¡
ȵȵȣ
ƴͻȻܺһ˫ֺǰĿǧôˣ㽻ˡ
סϼҼ͸޵ģڳϼһô˺֮ǰǲ׵ĵˣҪúõӦԡ£ƴǸǲǧӦĻᣬֱӴ˷ţԺȥ
ƴǲŲȥϺϺѩá
ôеʱȥˣȥֻæµʲôʲô˵ʲôֻﾲţֻæµҲǺõġ
ƴߵļ죬ߵʱ򴽽ǻЩЦݡ
ǺֵʲôöȻҪһģ
ͱڵŮˡ
ƴǿмҾˣǧȴȻһȷ绨ѩµ飬Ҫ˵ƴӵĲչǧȻ뵽ǧĸˡ
ǧϲŮΪҲǲԵģ
ôţƴǱ΢΢Ļȱˡ
ɫŨԺϺѩϺûмƴǱˣ֪ʲôģߵӰƴǣҲãȻ֪ġ
ǺڣϺȴǸ֪ѯʵġ
ãʻ𣿡
˵ʱϺ΢΢̲סƴǵɫǸҹɫҲɲӰĿƴǵϣЩڴ;ϲġ
ǰ˾ǳĻϾͺˡ
ǷƣѹǵĴ˿ĳΪϵŮˣûʺ֮λģҲĸԸΪ빬Ҫǻȥ̷ƴǣҲԸģ
ɲ룬ƴȴĿ˷У棡
£ƴǱֱӿ첽ǵ뿪ˡ
ֱ𰸵ϺϺѩЩʧϧˡϧ˾Ȼǻϣϧͷֻһܿı㱻ѹȥ
ǰȥӰǻϵĻҲǻߵˣܹ鲻̫ġ
Ȼһʳڣοǻϱأ
ôţϺϺѩӰ˼ڴϣϣòҪź˵ǸӰٱʮ

ҲĸԸȥ̷ϣϵҵġ
ϺϺѩ໥һۣղĺȥһĳǧڵķйȥˣ

1196 סܱѩ

1196 סܱѩ
ҹɫŨء
ǵϡɵĹϣƽ׵Ķ˼⡣
ͲѾɽѰʱ
ɽ£һ·˰ɽϣҵĵطһ飬ǸС·ҲȥѰȻȴʼûпҳϺͶҵǵӰ
ۼŶȻҪѰңȴǱʱסˡ
ȥˣ
΢΢Щȴʮƶģҹ֮ƺǸ֣ء
㶫ҳϺͶҵĵڷ˽ҩ̳֮ɽҲȻܽųô죬׷˼ʱδκεټ
ǺԵġ
ǾǶҼȷǴŶҵĳϵɽɽ֮ʲôȴǴԤϵģԡ
ŻѰ޹
Ƶڱ˰ɡ
ǲΪʲôܹǡ׶༪١
ôĿĵȥ²ֻںòҼͶҵĳϵǣͲЩҲҪɥ
֪˵仰Զʲô˺ж̡
ôӽϵ˵ˣǶȻ嶯һѰЩҲɥɽġ
ҡȥҲûнˡ
ֻǲףˣҲġ
ʼĶ˵ĵڵԽԽţѾöдǲֻ࣬ʣ˶ͷɺģѪ˿
ûлش⣬ǼɽֱײٶҪ֮ǰʱӿġ
ǰҧŴĽ
ǵûȥˡ
ټȥˣ
Ŷǲ룬һ뻰ĶһξȻҲûı俪˲ǣɽȥͺһͷţһ㡣
ײǽͷײǽҲͬͷ
Ҫߣң
˫ȭգ
ĿͬʹǱдڣĲȥˣ
ſң
֣
һ˲䣬ѹڶͷЩıⲻҲǸļҪߣ
ң
ֱ̧֣ӽƿһԡ
ЩһôˤֵС
ǲûиоһ㡣
侲һ㣬侲һ㣡ǰץŶļ򣬸ǿȶ
ԽɽԽ
һ·ѾʶԽԽĹƳ湥ˣɽĵҲǸܵ˹زͬˣǣ֪ɽ˶׺ѡ
㲻ǣǶһѰҵĵأ
ǵأЩ
Щɽ˵ǶҵĻҵģܹ鶼ŵġ
ȻŵģôǺһˡ
ҲϣЩ˾ô޹İװ׵Ķ
ڡ
ΣĹͷǿͻĳȥľͿԡ
ԡ
ҼͶҵĳϵǣһɽյԲŻʧôӰ١
˳Ҫҳǵ˸ǶɽͷҲҲ˵ģߡ
ҿ㣬˻ȥˣ뻢ѨɵûӣֻҪܽҼͶҳϵǸлǱסҲֵˡ
ǶɽϣȷǾһܽҳϺͶҵĵǸҵ𣿣
ԽǵʱǱԽ侲סܱ𣬲ѩޣ۽ʪȫȻ˶ԼĿܣĽס˵ʲôҲöµ뿪

ǣ
׼ȷһ˵ǲ˵ʲôҲöôװ׵
ǲ룬Ҹô죿
Ҹô죡1˫ɺ죬ŭ𣬹ۿ߲иκ;Ҹô죬ѵҪҵĸ׺Ǿװ׵Ķ𣡡
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
Ĺڵϣ˫ֽճȭͷݺݵ˵ϣ֮еʺλںޡ
ڵ֪ԼˣںΣյȴʲôæﲻϣʲô鶼ŨŨ

Ҳ۽ʪ󣬸ҧŴǰܶôԼʯ˵ʲôҲɿ壬һע⣬ֱӺ޹˼ɵĳɽּ䡣
˵뽫ͷ˶ĺ󱲴˵ţ죬ʱģЩҩȻô˷ǰʱȴЧʱǣǱƵ˸ùƳȥ˺ҳϺ͵ǡ
ҲǾԵİȫʱ䡣
һ²ǸӦСĽġ
ûзҩۡ

1197 ˶

1197 ˶
һʱ䣬Щɱеͬ飬ֻʣһ
ʣµһΪƳѡ
ȻĸƲŻеĴӹƱ㲻Ҫˡ
ֻҪҵʵĸ֮󣬾ӹƵҪήͺֻܶ࣬Ҫܱĸƽܼɡ
ҲΪƳķʽҲЩƳԸܶһֻƳֻܼһ˵ϣͬӹǿԶһģ򡭡
ͬƷֵĹƳһ˵ǿֵܳĽֻƳ滥ಫˣ
Ҳˣҵ£ݷһˣҲݷ㼰ʱûзҩ۵ǰ£Ҳǿɽֵд磬ûаǳġ
ЩƳ淴ݷ㣬ݷʲô˺
ͬڲͶִģɽˣݷѰʱҪϸĶࡣ
Ŀ˵ϵĽӡۼͲ䱻˲ȵĻľ档
ֻҪɽ֮У߹֮󣬾һǻºۼģʹǺ˿ҪڸǣҲڲסģǲͬڶͲһ
ǡݷ뿪֮󣬸պ÷ʲߵһɽ·ϣű˶ֽŵĺۼֻΪɫ̫û˷֣ΪͶ̫ĶҵЩˣŻᵼ¹ңԼԼˡ
ݷĿ˳ֻ˼Ƭ֮㲻ԥĳǵϱڹĺۼ׷ȥ
ϺѩϺжƴǵû룬˷š
ڵǧȴͻȻĿ־ĿǾҪŶϺϺѩá
ô죿
ôȥӦԣ
ƴȻǲϲŮɫģôҲǳɹףˣ
ǧȴŮӽûй
ôһӾ͸Ҫˣ
ǧƴҲ뿪ƿŶŮӶ
ϧС
ƴǵȣòز˵ϼҼǷ˼ǲòӦ
ߡŮ˹Ҳǲưոݵġ
ǲȻأ
ӦôȥӦѽ
ǧǽʾ֭Ů˾Ȼͬˮһ㣬֮Ψֲ
ǧǵ˲䣬ϺϺѩѾǧ֮ͬ£ؽŸˡ
ǧֻͷ۲ѣȴҲǲòӲͷƤȥԡ
֮ǰʱǧҲֻһεļٰƴǣαǱѼǿϵҲûʲô
ܿģǧָɫȻʯһ˫ȻĿŽŵϺϺѩ΢΢ţϵı鿴
ǰϺϺѩŵʱҲһֱǰǻȴǲͷǸԺ·жԱȡ
ȻǰƴǡҲ㣬òݣҲǺܺãǡ
µľǱȽǰɡ
ƴǱǧϾкܴĲģҡǺԵġ

ϺϺѩϧϧȴ⡣
˶˵λˣֳģǧӢĵǵҲӦ֪ˡ
ҪֻǸͷأ
ѵǻΪνİֿɵõҫ
˵ʲôϵģ
ϺϺѩȺһۣǰǧǰǧ
СŮѩ
СŮ񡣡
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ϺѩϺĿڣ˵һľһġ
öҶỬƽĺ棬hiƽĺǳǳ˳ˮƺ
ǧĿͳɳƵ𣬿ŵϹŵˣ˵ɣ
ǣ
ϵӰǸˣ򴽵ǧеϲֶ˼֡
ƴдеô飬Ǻܺദ
ϺѩοڵʱϺѾȻǰǧĿڴЦϣСŮǷ˸׵̷ϵģ
Ϻ˵Ĺ򣬼ԭ㿪ļ͵ڱ˲ķҲǧ
ǧֻûӲȴǲϺ֣ͣ˲Ƶ˱ĵطǧҲЩõĲϼҼˡ
޲Ҫʲô̷޵ߣ
λﻹȻȥɣ
ǧźۼĽϺƿۼֿϺѩһ޿֮ǰ뿪һΰȫľ룬ͬʱǧϵıҲء
ϺϺѩЦݻδü𣬱ôĽӲϡ
ǧ˵Ļӵ˵ĵأڵ۲š
ϺϺѩֱҪԼĶˡ
˵ʲô
Ҫǽ˻ȥ
ȥ
Ҫ̷
ָ
ǵòȻ㲻ϼΪڵģҲٮٮߣŵ̬ϵǰǲƽֵıҪ̷ڻϵߣû뵽ϾȻܿͬˮһ㣬ֱǻȥ

1198 ʲôû

1198 ʲôû
ϣ˵ʲô
ϺҧŴĵĿǧϿΪǽñֱţ
ǲŸ
ʲô¶ûأˣ
ѵǻǵò
òĻ»
ŲģϺϺѩǧĻ֮ûм뿪Ǽվԭأһ˫ӯӯˮĿǧҧ̺ĴǣҼ
ǧĿ⣬Ů˿޵ˣû˵ʲôأϺĿԼ֪ģΪԼʲôΪ
ʲôûֻǺֵܱ˵ˡ

ǧȻǲܺŮһʶġ
ǳϺǧ˼ƬٶȿڣλʱϾĻǱȥæʺȫɣպûʺֲ
ﲻҪź򡣡
ǧ˵⻰ʱ򣬴ǲɵһĨȣŮ͵ʺǰûʺﴦõİ취ֻЩԲʺˡ
ӶԼ̯ӣԼȴôķƸʺ

ǧҲڲϵ˵ԼǴʺżǣʺġ
ûʺﻹΪƽҩۣһ԰æֻɺܶ࡭
Ȼ
ô˵ģҲģʱ򣬾Ͳ֪ûеǰ״̬ˡ
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ֻǸҪ֦ͷ˵Ľڣ
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ѵǵۺ˵ĸô
˻ûôأԼȸ˾ܾˡ
Ϻ޷ܡ
ģ
ʱͺѩЦأ
ҪҲôʲôûˣǺһˣ


˹ģȴʲôûУƴǵĻᶼûСҪ˵һˣ
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Ϻпٵ˼Žİ취󡭡
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ܺܺõļ϶ǵıˡ
ŵǰ
Ϻһȥˡ
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ʲôûã
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ǻϻûаĶûκεҪϧĴ㣬㲻ҪָŻǰȥϺˡ
ʱ֮䣬Ϻо
һҡ
ҺãиϺѩڡ
ԼõģۼϺ߿Ҫ²̨ˣϺѩۼֿĽԼĽʱĲԼĽ͵˸ǵ档
ǡ
ⷿеҲʮֵˡ
ǧǲҪٿϵıͱݣǲȥϺѩϺãԵĳԺȥ
ŵʱǧɵʵһ
ڷеӺѹ֡
¿Ǿúöˡ
ȻŮ˲ʲôǵĶܵľ˶ˣֲҪ˵鶼Լϡ
ǧһʱֻ֮Щίġ
ɽС
ЩץĶҵӺͳķŭҼҲŭյĵ硣
Ǻˣ
ΪҪݺŵˣ㵽кĿģ
Ҫʲô
һȻЩģȴʳڵӵ涼Ǵͬɻģɻǰץߵˣڴʲộ
ԭǷֻƵĽҩ֮󣬱ĵ֯һ˵ǰɽϣȥѰǱ֣ųƳкڵӺͰյˡ
û뵽⵹Ǻˡ
ǻûҵǱ˵أǱ˾Ȼǵǰҡ
һֺܲѺõķʽ
Ƕҩʶģʱ򣬾ȻϡͿıǰ۽ɽС
ҩЧɢȥЩ˻عҪߵʱȴԼ˫˫ŶѾ˰סˣ
֪ԼеΪǰһһֵģ

1199 ܴ裡

1199 ܴ裡
֮ʲôḶ́ԭվǺǰӰӲϵġ
Ҽŭ޲ֱǰӰץúõĿǷǳʲôӵģ
ô˵Ҳŵһ֮ҵʵȻǲļģҲ˾ģû뵽Ȼǡ
ҪɽѰǱ¹Ƶ꣬˻ûҵأԼȴȴŵӱ廨
ֱǡ
ܴ谡
ҪǱ峤֪ˣҪЦ
ЦҪҶҪǣżġ
Ҽ˫ĿŭҪһ㣬ĵǰǵӰ˽ﰵԵϣѿϵǲ롭
ŬǺޱ仯
þȫġ
ô£
Ҽߣǻ֣̿Լ֮ڵɢ˫ȫʹ֪Ϊж˻Ϊʲô֮
ʧȥ书ġ
ڱʲôֽţ
Сˣ
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ҼĽȻֹĿ𾪵Ŀϵװ硭
񡭡
񶫼ҼԺͻȻ뵽ʲôؼһ
֮ǰͶǸˣ
ˡ
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ɽĪ⣬һ¡
ֵĹؼϵһöҳȻⲻ֮ǰͶ˵Ǹ
ڶҼһμͲ͵͵ȥƬֵʱ򣬶ҼΪǶͲ˺֣ĽѺ
Ǹʱ򣬶˵ˣ书Īĺڱ󹥻Ͳ룬ǻҲǺŵģǲûʲôϵ
ǵʱҵѾĪĸʬñ񾭣ľԱﻹüȥͲĻ
˵ʱ˵ʲô˶ڽƱˡ
˲ͶĻЩʬģȴҲǽֵһѴ˸ɾˡ
ڡ
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Ͷû˵ѣ
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Ϊʲôû㽫˵ΪʲôûŲͶĻ롭ͻ˺ܶĵӡ
ֻǿϧûкҩġ
ڶҼˣȴûʲôô
Щ˵ĵӲڶҵӺͳϵЩҲǽⲻ˵ġ
ҼеľȺͺ֪һ÷ŭĶǰĺӰ˭
͵͵ĶɽҪʲô
ƣ
һ仰ȻʵģǶҼڳжҳϵȴǶ֪ġ
Ҳʱζӣ֪ô˵źˡ
֮ǰǷԤƳ湥ҩ֮󣬱ĵɽǵıҲҪǱݺôĺָץ񡭡
ǱƵ˵ĵȷȷǵǰˡ
ȴʲô
ʲôˡ
ңѻġ
ǺǺǺǣҼΪҵ峤ȻǼõһӾͿˣôСɰǳҵֱʣ翴ʢŭĶҼɵ涫Ҽֽ
˵ʱǰ㽾ԼôƳΪ١
˶Ҽ˵ĶУȴȫ˸ζġ
Ҽ
Īĺ˾Ȼڱֱϳ˶Ҽݣǡ
ָƣ
ģҼŶҵĳϺ͵ǣɵô˸Ǻë
ǶǰãȻ֪ģǰĪĺȴǶָƣⱾ˫ƣߡĪĺ˼ֺ
һָڵǱŵˡ
ԭڵĵӣǡ˵ɽǺڵʲô˹ᣬһͬһ޴ıȴŵĽһȷѪꣿ
Ҽͫ׵ɴĿ磺ȻϷݶ֪㻹֪ʲô
ҼֻбһߣڡѾȫȻûзŭˣеģֻʣ˿־壡
Զİδ֪ǿĿ־塣

1200 ڲ

1200 ڲ
֪֪˲ܰս
е˲¡
µǣ˶ָƣ㶾ȴһ֪
һ֪ĵ˻ǸǿĴڡ
·һ
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ֻǶҼϼҼҼҲϤÿһ˵Ƣϰߵġ
粻ǰ˶Ҽǰ涫ҼƽǽŵüͷָڴҼüĵʱöҼеĿ־ࡣ
ѵҼͲ֣ΪʲôĹƳô࣬ʲô˶ҧƫƫҪǶҵĵ𣿣
ᣬȴƽ׵ĴͷƤ顣
ʱ˿̵ǽԼȫϼڵסˣ¶ĻԭòƱҲǸ˵ġ
ֻǿϧ
űģôᣬݵĻҲ˵սľ
ΪΪʲô
ҼҲǼ˷粨ģϵľȻȲƴǰסϲвŭɫȴҲǸ׾ͼˣڡ
Ĵ̼֮£ҼȻʧصĵ˵ĳ̶ȣʾ˶ôĿ£
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ĵ˵ôЩ֡
ȴöҼ˲
Ƴʱ䲢һһϦͿɵģһҪʱ䣬ټ˳ҵһʵĸƣǳɹȱһɡ
峤ĲǽϳˣڵӱҪǷļĻǰѾ·ûʱɳ
Ψڶң
ҼŴ»СС»˵ԸĽ鰴ȥô꣬ôʱ粻ûб˷֣һ㹻ѪȥιЩƳ档
ֱҪЦ
ʵϣҲȷЦ
ֻ͵͵Цݣ󽥽ĸޱȵĴ̼˶Ҽ񾭣öҼ˲佩Ӳԭء
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ЩڴӲŶҼڱæ磬硭ΪĹƳ򡭡
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Ҽ֮ǰһֱʹûܱԼڵĵӣ޹ȴҲǱŻôȵģڸոõԤƳĽҩ̴֮ɽ
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ɽϵȷҵƵˣǡҵһĴԼ
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˵һҪлл㣬ҪΪǶҵļôҲܹô󣬲͵͵ɱôЩˣȡôѪȴûб֣Ҫлл㣬ҪûĻҲܽҵСɰôãġô1
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ɱ
Ц
Ī˵ڶҼѾû书ˣǻ书ϣôĶ֣
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ǰЩˣҼʱ˿Уͬһ㡣
򡭡Ҳᵱô˵˵ʵֵĹ˼ɶûС
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粻ɵҡҡͷֹסĿϧϧŶҼֻܿɱ
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εˣ⻰˵֮Լ𣿡
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ˣ
һΣҼ˵ˣͲˡ
ֻԼѪҺڣǼڶҼһ䲻ˣ
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ȷˣ

ɹо˱֮ͬ٣ԶĻϣǸʱס
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳǲ˺Ѫ˿ȫѪҺǸŷ
ڲף
緢Ц׵Ŀķ
ǺǺǣϧҼѾˣȴҲ̫ˣ

1201 ϧѾ̫ˣ

1201 ϧѾ̫ˣ

ЦſۿЩ;ĶҼΪףһɶҵĳϺ͵ǣá
ԭǳ֡
֮ǰΪƳŪԴĪ˵ǲ䵥֣ŵ棬ҲڵЩ߶ˡ
粻ֶζߣ书ǿƳ࣬ǱϾǹһˣ޷ſ⡣
Ҳ㲻һֱڱ͵͵ֱӶ־͸ˣ
ʱδ죬Ĺؼֻûûг׵Ƴɹǵʽսʱ򣬱ֻܼڰȴʱ
ı˱ѪþϼصҩĲڵĳɹ
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ôˡ
ŶԣУҼΪףŵЩˣȫʳȫǸƳʳ
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˵𺳵ĳ棬öҼЩҳϺ͵ͷƤ飬ǶȻһ⣬ͷš

ܺãܺá
ɱ
ŵٶɽ֮ǰӻһЩȻҪһˣ书Źã
ҵϲģȻãȷǲġ

Ŀ·ԼŴĹƳ档
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ѾɥĲĵԼƳĳ̶ȡµǡ
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Щ˲ǷӦΪ⴦ɽеѪζôء
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뵽ǿܽ²ŵľͲ֪˵ʬ壬ЩĵǱ̲סĸŻ
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ֻΪ˹Ƴʵøǿӱ̬ˣ
Լ嶼ܻĳȥʲôģ
Ǳ¡
ҵıѾԱˣѪˣʱǰȫġ
ֹסЦٶȱúĳɽ˿ڣڳˣɶ֮ǰǰȥţ籾Ǹˡ
ڳЩҵĵӺͳǵϣеֻĻ䡣
Ҳż
졭졭졭
۾޳ָٿ˳ָЩ͵սľĶҵӺͳǣһ㣬죬죬졭

1202 һӲ

1202 һӲ
һһ졣
һһ
ȫҪ
һӲ


ɽУʱֻʣһ˵ŵЦ
ҡ
ɽϻ֮󣬱һͷԼķ䡣
óֻõҩۼǺԥȥֻ˵ķȥʹá
ƻҩ֮󣬶˱뵽ԡͰ֮Уڵˮл𣬷·䷿һˮһ㣬֪䣬ʱûʶҲ
ʱʵ̫ˡ
Ų붫ߵȥѰǱֵغˣæǰæİæŵӷأټɽĵһϡ
վöֲסĹ򣬾ȻԺˮʱ˯ˡ
ף
ס
ߡߣ
Ժ֮䣬дʡ
˵ʲôģļȴǸ
סߡ
˯еĶȻ˫ۣʲôӦһ㣬ŵʶͷϸǲ֪ʲôʱ߳亹
ߡ
ס
üĽĸͣһֲõԤжʱ
Ѿ˵ˮҲûıԡͰ˳ֱӴǰȥѰҲ롭
جһĳʵĿ¡
жҼѵõĿŶ߶߶ĺͶ˵˺ܶĻ󡭡ȴǲ˶Ľк׵ʧ˶ǰҪȥҼץסκΡ
ô޷ҼÿһҼʱ򣬶Ҽͻʧǰ
̫ˡ
ָպôϾʵǰеĲѵĶҲ޷Ȼ
һ̶Ȳˡ
ȰɽΪҵӵȫΪԼçײװ
ڻţԤƳҩ֮󣬱ûʲô˵ͽˡ
Ҫ´ɽ
˵ʲôҲҪҵҼ
ҪˣҪʬ
û˵ŶҼ˻Ե޹ʵʧ٣
״ˣǧҪ¡
Ŷȥ㣡
ڶŲҴҵ뿪ԼԺ֮󣬶Ҹڼ䣬ҷҲȻĴоѣ亹ĳŴȥ
ҼȻԸֱķȴǸغ֮ˣǺᡣ
ʱҷϵıҲãĿǲҷ˲ټڴˣԼĽ𣬱㴩Ь˴
ܾòȣҪȥҵͶ˵һԼеĸо
ǲ롭Ŷҷ˵˶ķܵʱȴַпһˡ
ү뿪ʱ˵ҪǱƣ˵ĻץŴˣôöûϢȻҲڷС
ȥģ
°ɣ
ҷѡ
ݲݵպԺɹŵҩģƳһҡҡͷҪˡ
֪Ϊʲôԭꡣ
ɽ档
ɽŵкܴĲͬġ
꣬ǴɽǱ㴫ġ
ǶΣգǵıܶЩԤ֪һ㣬Ҳܾҹ˯ȣΪ岻ʵԭ򣬶ǵַͲ
ʲôס
ҲǼ䲻ȵġ
ԭҪſеĹȥһЩҩĻڡֻܵˡ
ŵʱ۽ǵȴͻȻƳԺǸͻȻĲ֮͡
͵ϵɫͱˡ
ĶȻҳ֣
ջ˽ȥŵĽŲ˲þͿҪˣֱӳԺȥֻһϸİɫĳãȻĴѰңǡ
Ѱʳһ㣡
ǹƳ棡
ƳȻɶ̣ҵǣֻһСӡ
ûн뵽˵еʱûʲô̫ĹԣȫԱɱģ
Դʬûס¶֮ҪŵĵԴԶֳ˰飬ÿʱ㻻һҹַţаֵʧ
һ˹Ƴټնɣ
ȻǷסĹƳ棬룬޷״̬ʱõĶˣҲûôԱܶƳոһֵʱ̱նɱ
Ƴûʳû˿ʳѪܵٶҲûôˣģıնɱѾһ̶ϱ֮ǰķĺתܶˡ
ǼˣǹƳҲǻ©֮ġ
㣬ԺƳ˽飬ѾǼֲˡ
˽ŲĳǹƳ˹ȥƵǱ˳ǹƳ治ע˲䣬Ѿе˹ȥ
ڽߵذףֿ׼ݵģֱӽǹƳп
£㻹ܲܺˣ
ﴹµϱأűгڵĹƳʱ򣬸̲סϧֻα겻αҪô޹ܺ

1203 ֻǿ

1203 ֻǿ
ϣгһգɱ¹Ƴ棬ûκܹƳ֮ˡ
ﶯѸٵĽеذײغãٶԼȱߣ֮ǰʧָֻƽˮ
˫á
㵱ΪӲʶǰԶУǱϾһĸ˫ԸһǹƢȴһġ
𼵶ͬȥ
ֻõİ취ϰȻͬˣ
͸οյ񻨴ҫ˷֮С
˿һԵȴ˯
׿첻⻨ͭԣʼ˹װԼ
ůģҫϵʱҲǶ˼ֳŮ˵ζ֮ǰȻҪ
Ҳ֪⼸յĻûгɹ
ںӴʱzǷҩġ
֮ǰڹ۵ʱõıôȥҲ֪Լ״̬Ƿǿˡ

ȲǸ
գ˵鶼űˣȫȻ񵱳ڳʹǰί͵
ܿģ㴩һУһϮˮɫĵĳȹĹյ쾡£бһ˿Ĳҡ´ߴţҫ⡣
ĶҲ۾ҲĴ顣
һ
ǰ׷ʱǶ֮ΨֲҲȫݲ죬û뵽Ȼ
Ȼ̬һĳ̬ûᷳ죬Ͷͱ
ģҪײҪ
οһֱŵŮˡ
˵Ӣڣ
ԸĻС
ֵ֮Ҳû˹˼˽ķˡ

ո˯ѣлЩɳƵͳĿڲҳ֡
ȴֵƳһۣȴδǻȻ㳯ȥˣ
üȻˣǱʰһ°ɡ
ʱˡ
Ȼǳ׵Ķƴʧˣǣڻûк֮ǰǲƴ˺ģҪȵƴǼ֪ԼͱȾȴҲԼ޿κεʱ򣬲ƴǵǰ̯ơ
Ѿǰˣģ˶ӡ
һõĻƴǣǿɾˡ
ο
οֻãֲϲϵʱ򽫾Ҳͽˣʱɲٿƽ׵Լᷳ
һ£ȥæˣϼ
˷ϵĽ˿Ĳҡô仰뿪ˡ
ͺ񡭡
ǻϳһ㡣
Īģָоͦõġ
Ȩĺôɣʵǻ˳УԿء
쵹Ҳʲô
̬ȼҲֻǵ˵ͷ󣬾ѳˡ
ǡ
һǰһĳŲҪǽߵĹŮһ
㡭㿴𣿡ľĿɿڴĿŴ߳죬һĴԵĺģ𾪣ǡ˭
ǲ֮ǰǹǸˣôôķгѵ
˻
ʣµĻľû˵ֻǵһʾ𾴡
ǣʣµĻľû˵ڣҲ֪ġ
ҹЩԾԸ˺Ū˷֮һڷ֮У˭ҲýźţһŽգκ˿
ڶϣʹķгһˡ
ýָͷ룬֪˸ʲôˣ
ɲһһյĺ
ϹȻȻôö֮ĺһѵ»ŭ
ҡ
һҪĴ㶼ûУЩŮѾҲǲҪܻ䡣
˹ˡ
ƫƫģ㺣ĺľ֪ʵҲ򲻸ŵġ
ū澹Ů飬ΪŮֻйûаĹܻͣһ𱻴ġ
ǺΪ飬ϾͷӦ˹æʾľ
˵ˣ
ô飬ûϵҪڱڣȻľޣԼҲŵòС
Ѱ˼ҵŮӣǱɷͱȾҪģοõĹⲻǡⲻǡ
Լ
ŰòϵŶûУš
ǳ˵֮⣬޷ܣôˣ
ĵͨͨͣľҲľսͷһΣԺĵѵʱ򣬾Ȼʵʵĵͷûкͺķֱ䡣
ϡ档
֪ˡ
ľԴ⻹˲ò࣬ˮɶ
ǿϵòδΰȷһˣ
׼ȷĻҪ඾۹С

1204 Ϲ˲

1204 Ϲ˲
ľģûеġ
ν۹ҲϹ۾ûˡ
ĺľ޵ĶԻȴǱոմĶˣ𾪵ȫ̡
ȻȻĹһ
һʱ֮𾪵˵
Ҫʲô
ҪӣҪȨѵ
ôţͻȻͫһͼˡ
ĵȷȷҪӵģֻƴǵֻתȥѰˡ
죬õѡ
ٿתҪȥƴǺֻǰ淢ĶУǽŲ̤ȥһסˡ
ȥֻƴʲôأ
һû֤û֤ǸƱĻˣòʧ
ȻҪӵġ
ôڼ˻ȥ綼кӵģ˺֮󡭡û֤ôǸҲ֤ɽҲ޷ˣ
ţ
ô
ϻ¶Ц⣬۵Ŀȥķ
ܺá
Ǿ͡һɣ
ԼԺûȥѰϼҼת˺Ժȥס
ˣΪʲôԼڼֻʱ򣬻һϤĸоǴǰһ㣬ϸȥ뵽ǴļģȴǺӡ
֮£Ҳֻеǹɻѹȥ
ǲ롭»ص֮ȴȻ
ֻò£֮ʱȥţȻ޷Ӵ˵ģֻ֮ܿԻֻһĪϤĸоΪ
Сʱ
׼ȷһ˵Сʱֻò߰˷
Ϊʱ̫ˡ
ӡЩģټǴһǵ뵽ǸҲǲŵġ
ߣϼҵˣֻǳĻʺʮǧѹû뵽֮ԨԴûǷ롣
ǻĪǺ˽⣬һʱ֮䱻ԺҲǳ֮е顣
ԲųٳٵûΪʲô
ڡ
ص֮뵽ˣȻĶҵԭ
ֻ
һϼҵС㣬һةŮ
޹ϵˣΪʲôôأ
ʲôĪǣ˵ֻǵˣֻɺﳤú
ѹеôĲ룬ĵԺӣﻹδ֮ͬ£ֱӻ߽档
Ҳ֪ȥʲôȥɽҩˡ
ӡﲻǺϤ
Ը͵ճ˴ԼԺ棬ȥĴߡ
ߣΪ岡ԭձϲŪһЩҩģµģһ֪ˡ
ҲûʲôҪʱȥ
ﲻԼԺ棬ôȾˡ
ȻԵõĴ򿪷ţúõװΡ
Ǹɾ֮һɵӭȴǰ㣬õϣֻǵҩζװҲǺǵء
·𡭡
·ǲСĵ˼Ů
ⰹϼҸ롣
̲סһĨЦݣ۵ĴܵĻ
ֻʲôϵֻҪйϵУûС
ƾźֻƵŪһЩϵҲ¡
ֻȻúƴǵĳ谮ͨˣȥǿˣֻʱĳȴ˿ĵġ
Ϊֻ
Ϊֻĳ֣ԼĻʺ֮λ
Ϊֻƴǵ۹ʼնԼϡ

ûֻôƴɲϲԼҲûϵ
ǲֻܺһֱһ𣬵ˡ
ҲǸ˵ġ
˵ʲôܰװ׵ıֻ
ΪʲôܶԸƴɱһǧɱ˰ҲҪ֡
Ϊˬ
ǿŶԷҰԼµʱеǷˬбǿ
ͺԲģȻԵõ棬ԹԵԼһˮǲò
ҩ֮󣬱Ǽһ档
һʱ֮ϵı΢΢Щκ𾪡
Ȼ˻δͬ£ô㣿
ٺõĽʣڿ֮û͸ˣѾڸˡ
λС㡭
ʻû˵ڣĿ϶
ǴСɣ
źۼɨòԵĿڡ
ȻôţϼҵЩСǧǶʶġ
Ψʶľˡ
Сʱ򲢷ųģ֮һֱ棬Ǹ̶ۣȥƴǣǿϷĽеʱҪϳݱһ㶼ˡ
ϹǳǳЦĿϵıƽͣɫȴǱõķḻʣѰζ
òס
ԼĲ²⣬ǺͬϼҼǧ𣬵Щµģ

1205 Ϊ̽

1205 Ϊ̽
Цŵ˵ͷǻף
Ŀϱ鵭ȻûΪĲҲͬĲǺܻӭ
²
ȻûкЩϼҲ˵Щ¼ģ֪ǸʲôԸˡԵ޹ʵģǾԲԼܳ

Ȼͼġ
֪СݵкηԸֱָ⣬ĳס
ȻǳĹüĽĿ֪ڵԼ˵ʲôô
Ҳͣ˷ʱ䡣
ԣϵЦݱˣЦ˳ЦͬȪһ㣬Ƣﲡôá
ȻǸˡ
ʵϼҵô꣬ôУʼվãΨǹΪ׵ġ
εĶҲ˵ĵȷʵ
ϿƲܳ裬ʵȴϼҺԺЩйΪġ
ϼҼǸûиˣֻȨơ
ǺԺӭȢôŮ˻ֻΪԼһ֮˽ˣ棬ûϲ˭˭
ЩԺŮȴ֪ΪǸͲеİĶǣݡ
ֻǺԼȥˡ
ǶӮô
ûϼҼϣҲûʲôı䣬ǸǷ
Ͽŷ⣬Ȼϼҷ˻ˣó裬һ˫ŮҲǱǸݰõĶˣʵأƷ˵ϼҼ
ûС
ʲôûС
ƽ׵ĺϼҷ˶ôꡣ
˭ûӮ
ϼҼԺӣ̷ϼҼϼҼԼĲҩΪ飬ҲҸʡ
Щ˼˷ڴܱϣºǲϡ
Ƿ´ҴңȴǸĹһ㡣
ϵòǰޣ˿͵ŮˣΣܶĹǿҪá
ûеġ
ϧԿȴ֮١
ݸЦš
ȴδ͡
ʱ֪ﲻֻǿǸˣҲûкĳȥҲżɽ˵ţȻˬ죬ٲʵʵ˵δԵЩˡ
ʵһúҪﶨȻ֪ġԲðˡ
ԣüŶ
ȻĻôС˵ϴ
㲻ʲô̵ָģҲýš
Եʻʶ˻ϣּ޸ϳΪϹǣ֪ˣںпһˡ
һò߰˷Ƶˣ
۾ĿĵĶϣԸϰֵı仯ȷҲûʧ
һƵȻĵ˵Ļ֮ĿЩе˫֣Ҳһٿؽ߬ǺܿģһеķӦﾡѹȥ
ȴǱˡ
ǵЦԽˡ
Ȼ²ûд
϶Ȼƽ޹ʵˣ
һʲôèġ
ֻڻ޷ȷֻǺʲôϵĸŮǡ
ǳĻʺ˵ҲǾˣôܻôأװģҡҡͷƺǸп꣺Ҳ֪Եֻʲô
֪ҪǻʺͣĻΪ뿪Ҹף˳ĻʹΪ˻ϵĻʺأ
ݸЦ
Ҳܿı㷴ӦŵĿС˵Цˡ
ʲôֵ鶼УòҲǲؾȵģ˵ĴΪȥ˳ĻʹǱǸܵˡ
ʼնԼԺŪҩݣûϾʱţ빬
Ȼ֪Сеɻġ
һΣûеڣֱȷ˵Ļش𣺡ǳĻʺûаĹϵġ
Ҳ˵ãˣҲǱȴССǣҲϼҳģȻȥʲôʺ֪
ﵽ׼˵ˣôܻᱻ̽ʲôߡ

1206 ֻǸһ

1206  ֻǸһ
֮֮ǰǰʧ̬ΪЩﱾҲ޷Ԥϲ֪ģصʧ淢ʲôͲ֪Ƿ˺ӡ
񿴼ģˣһǸʲôĻʺ󣡣
ϱء
ǰڼٻҶӵʱҹɫЩǰֻ߲Լ񿴼һϤӰȴǲϵġ
û뵽
û뵽Ȼǰǰ˵и˺һģһôĺˡ
ǳĻʺ
ǰô꣬ǹô
ɻã
ʱʼǣ𣬿תһ룬ȴҡҡͷԼĵǸѹȥǰ֪ҲˣܴܲȥѰң֪ˡ
Ǳǲ˵ʲôҪԿһһʵġ
ƶֻ΢ŴǣĿ񾲵Ŀֱ̫࣬ԭԭǰ˵ЩĻֻǵҪôʵˡ
Ȼֻ֪ĴڣǱǴĿˣҲûбҪȥˡ
òԵȻǳЦôҲ֪ģûб˼ʲôⱾͺûκεĹϵ
ֻǸպˣָպüˣôҲҸ׵еʲô֮ģҲúᡣ
ˣ㲻ˡ
ˡ
䣬Ȼûжʣ΢΢׵ĳԺȥȴſڴʱȻĶס˽ŲŶԣδͬԼóȻţﲻҪʵ̫ˣԶŵ崼Ĳ㣬鲻Խˣ
ǹһĻȣƽ׽ˡ
ת֮ʣϵЦȴȻֹ·Ǳ˸һ㡣
óóȻȻѯʣɵӲŻ˵ʵ飬һб㶼ͽ͵ģûھֻ֪֮Ĺϵ
ֻҪйϵǱסġ
磬ﶼͲסҪȥֻ
ֻҪȥֻ˵Ĺϵǲ˵ҲȻˣĸʱ򡭡ҪֻҲ׵Ķˡ
ΪвֻֻвǻЧġ
ҲǻǱ˴ʹ
Ӱ뿪ȴϵıŽæķ˼ϱŵҩ¨ҲɫҴҵĳš
ǡ
ֻǸո̤˷š
סԼҪȥֻס˽Ų»ص˷֮ڡ
С
ȥֻĻҪȦף
ԲԵ޹ʵʾãһһڳıʲôģԼھͳţǻµ壡
һҪס
Ѿˡ
ﻹڲϵظԼһҪס
ҹɫ֮ȥֻ
ǧһ֮
ϺϺѩվڷ
˷ߺ޺Ͳ֮⣬ǺºͿ־塣
ô㣿
ϺѩſǻĿϺ񣺡ǾôȥˣҪǸˣ
ʱĵϼҼסǰ֤˵һϼҼʧúõźƴҡֻΪϼҼ⣬Ҳϣ̷ƴ֮ƴǰҲȥʹǼĵطܿࡣ
ڡ
Ī˵źƴˣǴƴǵ߶ɡ
ǡ

ϺϺѩСڳ˵Ľģܲסݴġ
ǲܽܡ
Ըܡ
ǲţ
ڻȥ
ôڻȥϺ淳꣬ûбϺѩõȥϺѩԼǰ޿䣬ԽԽ꣬ǵ˻ȥ
Ϻѩ۽ǵˮôϣʱֹסίֿĿϺ񣬻ҳ
ϺϺѩģֻͷۣȴûмȥˣͼϺѩ
ȱˣҸողҪ㷢Ƣġ
ֻǺѩǵĵڵǰ˺ڣһҪΪܵǰ²಻˵ǵҲǱ𷣵ģ
Ȼ˫ãԸҲźܴĲġ
ѩãҪһЩ
ǽ㣬ҪǿһЩ
ܾ֮Ϻ侲üĽŵİæ˵
˵ʲôôֱӻȥ

1207 Ů˻ȥ

1207 Ů˻ȥ
ϺҧŴĿǾȻ
ڻȥ˲˵
Ҫǲģ
ôУ
ߵǽȫϣ˵ϣΪ˶ϧϼҷˣôʲôûеõľͻȥˣôͷｻ
ǡô찡
ϺȻѾϺѩǸϺѩ»ЩµϺ񣬲˵̫죬һСľٶȼŭϺ
ȴãȻ֪ġ
ֱֲӻȥƴҲҪǣܸʲô
ܲһֱⷿŲ߰ɣ
ƴǲģҪһֱߣǱᱻΪЦˣ
ϺƳһĿĵĿϺѩһᣬ¶˾һ㣺ϸո뿪ʱѾ˵ʱǲҪһ̷ģǻʺæµҪ˰æʱ򡣡
ȥȥʺ߿ʲô
ʵ֤ŮҪܻĳȥʱʲôܲˡ
ϺҲҪȥƴǵߣԲ׻ȥԲᣡ
ƴ˵ȥæʺ
á
ôǾĹȥֻߣͲˣֻҲҲᣡ
˵ֻҪƴǸöԸġ
ֻΪʺͳǸΪƴǵʶġ
ĸϲԺ
Ī˵ǻˡ
ϼҼɵļ檳ȺģƴǵȴֻֻһһʵЩίģƴ˵ϲǿԾܾ
ֻΪʺȴܺƴ˵һĻ
Ϊ
ЩҪǴֻĿ˵ĻǾֻƶʣ
ʷ鹤ʼ¼֮£ҲҪøģ
Ϻ˲һɽ
ҺԼôĻûа׿ҲǴ֪һЩֶ֮κ˵ġ

Ϻ˺ĺ;ˣڻ˵֮Ϻѩȴ𾪵Ŵ͵ĿһϺ񣺡㡭ʲʲô
ûûɣ
ϺȻ˵Ҫȥʺߣ
ⲻԼ벻
ʺΪƴǵӣǺеݡ
ֻûдǽӽƴǾѾǺʴˣôܻǣ
ⲻǳ˵
ϺѩãϺǱˣŻ뷨
ϺȴƶϺѩҲδֻͣǼʳԼ뷨ȥȥ
Լò֪ԼҲãôЩ׸
ϺҪԼȥֻǰȡúñֻԼ

ΪƴǻǸֻܹǿ빬Ϊģ顭˭ܹܵôأ
ǸҲѰ˸빬һֱڶûггأ
ǽҲ³һ빬һֻƿ
ҲҪڹ棡
㡭
ȥȥ
Ϻѩ϶ʱɻ;ᡣ
ȥǲȥ
Ҳ֪
ǿѾתʼԺȥϺϺѩȴǿ첽ǰظϺԣ㡭ȵң
ˣ
ȥȥ·һȥһԿɣ
ϺѩҲһᣬ¶˾ġ
Сµʱ𣬾ǸϺߵģϺʲôҪŵģҪϺȥֻֻ˹ʱֻʣԼҪùµį
ţϺѩеĶҡҲ˺ܶ࣬ĸϺ󣬲ɵüӿ˽Ųܿ׷Ϻ񣬽öһֻԺ汼ȥ
ٶݺֻƵԤƳ湥ҩ֮󣬱֯һͬѾùԤƳҩ۵ĶҵӣĻɽǰ
ɫͣɽǰⲽĿȴǳɽǰġ
ô£С㻹δ𣿡
üѾͲԼʱ䣬ۼʱͿҪˣΪλٳٵûпӰѵǲ뱻ʲôǣס˽Ų
ˡ
ȻͶĸһģòٵڹķĸӣֻʲô鵢ˣûˡ
ǰĶҵӹ˹֣ŶشţشүĻСԺ沢ûпСӰǻҪǲĵµĵطѰһ´С㣿
ԼԺӣ
ૡ
ֵ֮ΪҵĴС㣬񷱶Ҳǳ֮е飬ţҲûмֵҪͲһȥɽѰҶҼͶҳˡ
˱һС£ʱ仹δ
ӦȥҪ˰ɣ
ȥǸʲôʺһѰɱƳ棬߽⿪ô˵ԤƳҩۣߡǸһæµŵ
Ƭ֮䣬Ѿ˾

1208 ɽ

1208 ɽ
ȻôæЩС»ǲ鷳һˣԼɽҾˣ
ǵȺԸĶҵӣ˰֣ˣȻС㲻ڣôһɽѰҾˣ
סȻѰҼϵǵҪǵҲͬҪɽ֮󣬴Īɢ̫Զ˴֮໥ϵһʲô鷢Ҫ˹ȥæҲԼһóóȻȻǰ
֪𣿡
ϵĿµĶҵĵǣüۼѾһ֮ķ緶
֪ˣ
үģ
˶Ľ֮Щ׼õĶҵص˵ͷ硣
һ˺ƺƵĳɽ汼ȥ
һΡ
ǰçײʲôûдţʮ׼ģ׼ҪʳˮԴɽǽɽ˸׳죬ҲҪҪˣҪʬġ
˫ȭգĿŵŭ
ЩĹƳ桭
һɱһΪǸĶô
ڣҼͶôĳҲȺվ޲÷һѻ𣬽ɽջˣ
ϧ
ȴǲܵġ
ɽ滹жҼͶҵĳϵˡ
߰ɡ
һп֮󣬱㲻ٷϻڶ뿪֮󣬼ӰĳɽǰĿ⸴ӵĿŶȥıӰ
ͳٿžɽǰ
ô죿
߳۾ģߴӶջأ˹ֵȴվŵǵϵӰڷʩ
ų飬˭Ӳ˸ϵ
ȻֻǶҵĵңҵ΢ܵЩǣⲢļұǿలµġ
ҪƽǱҪδѣǰ׼ãµͷŸλĻôʹĶҵĴۣʣµġ
˭Ӳˡ
ݺ
߳ϱǳ
ԭҵĳǱ˽ŵ쳣ֻΪҵĿ±ᵽ˿еļֲԾȴҲãȻͷԵġ
롭
ס¶֮󣬾Ȼһ𺳵Ľ
Ƴ桭
ֹϵĶǰڹżҲһΪἰĽɣǲ룬ھȻ³֣һǿơ
һԾͳô࡭
ѾֻõҩۣеڶǻѰ̻̲ա
ȻѾ˶Ҽ֪յĳ̶ˣǽġ
ҵ߳غ͵ǣǷǰվŵıҼȴǺ񿴲κεı飬ֻǿݵ΢ü
ȿ˵ɡ
ϼҺҲδжء
һֱĳ̶ȣԵļˣʼǲϲ£²
Ϊһƽ֮ñŶ겻
ŵĵǴǻΪʵǿļңϾŵ
ʵȻ
ҪȽʱ򣬱ҵδػ٣ܻʵǿҲ£Ϊôĵ͵ͰбǿеĽ
ҼһСĽ¾Բ׳ͷ
ҲϼǰҪ֮λҰģҲԲ붫ǰ㣬ı۸ͷϡ
ǣ
Ҽδжֻ߳׵ͷ
룬ڱ߳ϵͷ֮󣬱ҼȴͻȻڲЩҩۣʱȱá
Ⱥ
߳ٶȹǣ
Щҩۡ
ʱȱã
ָǡ
ֻƳЩԤƳҩۣ
˶Ļ᲻ڳԷ˯ȵȲעʱ᲻ͻȻƳϮɥȥֻƳǸԤƳҩۡ
죬ҪʲôõĶࡣ
û뵽
ҼȻûãĽ䱸ôߡ
ıҵҲûʹá
ǣ
꣡
䣬Ҽ䲻ȥ߳ϵ𾪣ǻĳűҵĵؽȥűƳ֮ңͱʹġ
Ȼܾôȹ
ڱļ鱱Ҽûв֣ȴҪԼǵȫ֮ϣķŵġ
߳ǽĸ˱Ҽ
ֻüš
ŵʱϼҼ׼õķ䣬ʱѾָҩݶҩζһڶʵҡ
;ʼڰţչˣûзʲôģֻ㱻ص㱣ûǰš
Ԥҩ۵ʱֻѡЩҩĶҩЧѣֹصҩģһʱ֮ҪȫЩҩĵҩԣͺǼ֡

1209 е̫ƽ1

1209 е̫ƽ1
͵ĻǻҩˣǼĻǱûЧ
ʵֻѡ
ֻվãͷĺ
֪ΪƵƵҹû˯ãΪᣬ˼ȵԭ֮ҲŲǺˬ졣
ֻڷкһҩΪѵʱƴĨ֥Ӱ㻺ĳ֮ڣʱ򴽽ǻһĨȣųɽҲ˸⣬鼫õӡ
ƺǱƴĺȾֻҲźЦӯӯĿǰƴǣʵôˣ
ʲôֵø˵飡
ƴΪʵۣҪ˼ϲвŭɫģټôƴǵ;Ѿѧ˿ԼǵȤֵÿĵ飬ƴǶȻǲ򴽵Цġ
ϼҼһ˫Ůҡ
ֻѯʣƴǺڵı˵ʵ
ǿֻ΢΢ȵʱ򣬴ǵЦˡ
ֻȴȻ

Ǹʲô˰
˸ԼɷһԽû
Լɷȴ˿¶˵Լ
浱ǰɣ
ֻȹװŭģˮװ׺ģƴǡ
ң
¾ʹ㣡
ٲϴˣ
Ҳҡ
ƴǴֻǰֻ㽿ģʵǾÿɰĽˣæֻͳɳƵ𣺡󷽵Ļʺ󡣡
ôҪȥŮأ
ƴſǷĴͬһ㣬˵ҲǴԣҡ
˵Цǵƴͱһˡ
ֻÿЦãȴûôɫǼİ
⻹࣡
ֵֻƳƴһۣѧ컬࣡
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôʵ̫æ˰ɣ
ֻϲϹ롣
ҲǻһִƴǺͱ˸һ
Ҳ֮ǰǸõа£Щˡ
ƴǻῴԼЦʱᣬԼԼİ⡣
ںƴһʱգҲûйɭϵĵۺеֻ꣬ĶԴԼİĹ
񡭡
ͻȻһ˲˾ͻصĽ׶Σٯٯ
Ҫôǰ뵽˸ƽ̡
ֽ֮׶Σ¾õĸоֻϲϧ
ֻһΣȻһһ
ӣֻģҲƽƽĭͷϡ
ƴǳĹһֻıӣ͵ϼҼȻһԽûǣҽǧˣ
ƴѾֻˣҸˣܱŮ˶ãѾ׼ֻǱ㲻ȥϲˣǧһ
Щ˵С
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µϸꡣ
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Ψʣһǧ
Ī˵Ǹȶˣ˶ûУʵⲻ
ΪӣҪԼıľƴǱôġ
һŮ˸ǧǧӦ޴Ĳ֪ôӦ԰ɣ
ƴǺǧȻ͵ݣͬͬ࣬һεֵͬܣƴ֮㿪ģΪϼҼŮ˹ǿǧǸıˡ
ͷһμȵǧ
֮ǰǧƴǳʱ򶼲üͷǵŮ˵ʱΪѳģ
ƴǵƢҲ֮ǰģЩĳ̫ӣǸܺˣ˶ƴ̫ӵܺͿ

ӲĽЩ˱
Ϊ˱ˣΪ˱Լˣ
ԣֻҲϮһĨЦ⣬ϸ۰Ʈ˼Ĩ糺죺ۡ
ϡ˼ǵȫ
ֻ֪ˣΪʲôƴЦôˡ
ǻԼȥԲһǧǶԽûʱľȣҲǻ̲סЦĶԣҲʱǧúõııˡ
ֻܲһˣ
õģӦҪúõİգ
ƴǵֻƴǵѡǶԵġ
ǵ̤ŵǧȴǲˡ
ϣʺȴЦ£ǧϱ࣬һͷ
Ǳһ
ֻͻȻԵĿǧǧһԽûô
ɻ⣿
⻰һʳڣֻЩˡ
ǧôô죿
ǲϲ
á
ϲ
ٶδҲ̫˰ɣ
ǧƴǿֻϾı顣
ƴǴǵЦԽˣֻֽԼĻУֹסĵЦԭͻͷǧȴɫȻĺ˼֡

1210 е̫ƽ2

1210 е̫ƽ2
Ϊ˲ƴǺֻǧתӣϣͻʺ̫ˣ
ֱ൱Ĺְ
Űֳ
ƴǺֻģǧǸŰģ
ѵõģƴˬʵЦЦǳǧļص˼£ôˣѵϲ𣿡
ǧƳƴϵЦݣĻһ죺Ǿú棬Լȥһ
ûȻʺǲ˺ܶģҲǸˣµǾñϹöˡ

˭ᰡ
ǧھԼһ̣򴽺ЦĿƴǺֻ֮ǰеǵζʱûˡ

ʿģҪϺͻʺȡЦӦϺϺѩ˵ġ
̫۸ˣ
ǧЦЩأƴȴ˼ǧܾʲôԾĵطȻ
ֻƴǻδѯǧʲôʱͻȻӰֻƴϵı龪ȣӦ֮ǿЦˣ
ǧ˼ʲôˣ
ֲƴǺǧǿԳΪֵܵģǿԸҲͶĿȾİˡ
ǧǹЦݵĹ˹ֻ֣ƴǹ˵ϣʺǿԺúõԼһ£ϼҼһԽû׺òˣ
һǷģ
һֱǧǳصģֻˣʲôصˣΪµԸϵĲ죬˭붼Ǹ߸˵ĺ˵˵ЦЦأ
ֻεҡҡͷﻹݵƳһǧƴǣǧô˼ҽͽģ
ֻҪúõʣôǸ˼ƴŮˣƴƸǧǧֵԼԺӣôûֱӻصԼķȥҲŹˣ
ֻƳƴǺǧϲûκҪ͵ģֻЦţǽе鶼˦Լ˲ǣ
ʺﵱίʵЩ
ҪæƽҩҪæϴ󹬣ҪæϽŮˡ
ƴֻ֪е뷨Ȼǿ˿ڣʺˡ
º˵ϵʱǲҪչ˵ģҪԼԺӣǱȥأǲҪȥǱʺߣȱֵġ
䣬ֻڣǧֵЦŵ˵ţʺÿ°µҲǱлʶʱ̽Ƿǽͣĺ¶һ뵽ıǻʺˡ
ǧҲƴǵģ編Ƶֻ˹֣ʺˣ
ðɣ
ֻʵεҡҡͷ
˵˵ЦЦȤĹϺϺѩѾˣԭҲĬϵЦݣһĵȴԺ濿ˡ
ܲϺϺѩҲ֪ʵɣ
ȻⱲ涼ҪӰˣ
ǱϼҼƴǵΪģǲƴǱͲҪǲҪǧ໥ܣ⴫ȥĵȷȷй˹ġ
ǡֻɵ۾
ƴǺǧֶֻġ
Żǰƴжʱ򣬱ǧƴǽһе鶼Ƹǧ֮󣬱㵽ԼķԼ
ǧǼװϵȥӦˡ
ǧϺϺѩ˵ûʲô飬ԻصԼԺϢʵڲУҲȥʺ߰æ
ǻѰŮӣǱϾܾ֮󣬺޲һͷԻصԼԺȥ˰ɣ
ϾǿϼҼֺƴǵŮ˰
ûѾǹˣοǱ˾ܾˡ
û뵽ϺϺѩûȴĸҡҵֻǰ
˼ȷֻо壡
Ǹܽɫ
Ƭֻ֮ѾϺϺѩ˲źۼĴһ飬ȷǸ˵ģϼҼ۹ܺãϺϺѩ⼸ȻŮԸźܴĲͬġ
д
ǻˣǼǲŮɫ֮УҲǻϲһ
ǿϧ
ϼҼƵĶãĶվƴǡ
ƴǸ˵Լı˼ǾԲĵˣ׸ű˶ȥ䡭ϼҼ˼ҪˮƯˣ
ǿϧ
ֻеĸ̾ĿصĿŵ˸ǰѾؾصĹԼǰϺϺѩá
ЩʱΪʺҲֻϲȻ¶ʺеʺϡ
ִĻ˵ǸһаһУԽԽô¶ˣ
μʺ
ϺϺѩ̬ȹžֻеǧƴǣȻ

1211 ŵΪʲôҪ

1211 ŵΪʲôҪ
ò绨ĻʺҲѹֻϵҲݲŮˣǵȷƴ֦֮ͷ뵽ĻʹǵҲúġ
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ƽĶۣǵϼҼʹĹǽöˣҲǻǰʺ°ܽ
ΪֻǳòϵҲǳף·˼ӣ˻ϵǰû֮֮֮ǰûмֻʱϺϺѩź׳־ġ
ǾƾԼֶǾԿԴҾǸһֱѶԸ˵ĻʺҲδػ˵Ķ֣Ϻ˲ıע⡣
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ʺԶԸֻҪ빬ֻԣϼҼֻǺ˵ˣ빬Уܲܳг衭˭˵ϳһʺģͲٳұˣ
ǿԵֻ岻ʱ档
ͬʱϺ΢΢̾һҺԼԻϵľܾʱûдͷɥųֱӻصԼԺ棬²ҪʵĻˣ
ȻϾܾ֮ȥ˻ʺķˡ
ȻǻʺĹض࣬»ϲ׵Ů˵ʹУҲֻƬ̵Ĺ򣬱ϺˣҪ빬ĻֺûǲɵģҪҪʺͷ
ֻлʺͷˣŻڻϾܾ£ǴԸ
ϺѩϺ˻֪һĻϣȴѾ˵Ӧֻ
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䣬Ϻ㲻ȥֻϵı飬㹧ĹڵϣĵȴֻľϺѩҲѧŽģһͬ˵ϡ
ƴǺǧ򴽵Сģǲæֻġ
ջǱ˦ֻϡ
ֻεЦЦҡҡͷǶŵϹŵϺϺѩȴĿ䣬ƴǺǧ֮⣬ֻԵϹŵ˲ûκεĵ⣬̽ŵ̬ȵĹ
ϼҼŮ
ֻڣϺһϲֻûеǰֱӿڸǿѯȻϣ빬ˣ
ֻȷҪ빬״̬£ŻῪѯʣŻȷ˵ݡ
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Ůͺһ˫ӣǸ׵ȻŮݱ΢ʺϸŮᣬŮȻúõЧͻʺģ
ϺЩֻѯʵĸ࣬һԶĽԼ˵˳
˹ܳ軹ǲܳ裬ȻǺͻʺﴦڵжԵĹϵģǱᣬֻҪԼ֮Ѱһ빬ͺϣˣ
ȻֻģǺҲײͣڸֻպֻҪ빬ǾԲæվͬһӪС
ǻæֻȥԸֻʡġ
ԣֻ˼ü
ǧƴȴЩֻķӦġ
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ѲɻʺǵҪϼҼҪϵŮ
ǧ֣еʱǲ̫˽ֻе뷨ġ
ܡ
ӵĻȷ˵ĺܶԣ
Լ̫öֻǹһˣʱһԼˣ
Ů˵˼²ˣ
ֻףĵЦеĹɭϣ뵱ǵĴ빬ʱһѧ˺һĹأպл빬ĻҲȻǱֻ಻ٵġ
ұ۾һֱ಻ɳӵģʵɵĻǱϽҲǲУֻǡ
ֻϳЦĿϺϺѩϵڴ
Ϻǵ˻ش𣺡ʺԸŮһЧң
˻شֻ⣺ܺãȻˣʱȺúõȥ̷һϹɣţǽϹ̷ĺˣպ빬̷Ҳ֮ˡ
ڻӦƴǺǧеɻһ㣬ֻü·˵ţΪʲôҪ
ҪײҪ
ܸɵĳ̶Ȳѷɫģպֻ㲻úķȥӦˣð
ϼҼԼŮ
ǹҧ
ֻ֮
ƴǵֲȥϲϺϺѩôֻҲ㲻⡣
һǰ裬ġֻǰˣ
ֻںһȥ
οһ԰Լǽ͵İ裿ǱûбҪˣ

1212 ˳ƶҲδ

1212  ˳ƶҲδ
ֻӸµĿŵϹŵˣúĺˣǽλֲǵĴںã˵ģһԾŶ˱ǵҪ󣬱ӦǵģҲȻԱ֤֣Ǿܷģ
ǰɻϡ
ȿȡ
ƴǺǧȺ򴽸ɿ˼
ϺѩϺȴ˶˿빬ĸ棬ֻ˵ġҪȥ̷һ㣬ǵȻ˻
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Ϻֻö־Ǻò׵ĻᣬһҪúõϧԲֻʧ
лʺŮȻμǻʺУȻûʺʧ
㶮¶Ϻֻ⣬ĵ˵ͷ֮󣬱㳯˿ڣˣҲɣ
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ܲ빬ѡȨҲǵУĿԴˣֻ򴽺Ц
ϺϺѩҲǻĴӵĵĳֻڣʺģŮƱػóȫԻúõ̷ǵĴġ
Ůȸˣ
ŹµϺϺѩãֻüǧƴǣˣǽˣǿȥԼҪ˰ɣ
ʲôǵԼķҪԼҪԼǽⵥڸ⡣
ǧʶʱֵŮѾֻúˣҲûбҪֻˡ
ǻʺ±ˡǧߵѸ١
ƴһڷεĿֻЦЦ޵Ļʺ±ѡƺֻ֮ǽһ⣬˳ƸϹ˶£һãһ˫񣡡
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һɣƴʱΪԼи侲ϻ۵Ļʺеֻ֮Ҳ˼־Ͳᡣ
ֻȴݸǳЦĿƴģ˺ˣǲˣƤˡ
ʱˣϿЩȥϢɣﻹҪþõʱܴá
Ҫǻ˱飬ֻһżҪЩ¹ôŵӵİȫ飬ΪԼçײŵµôΪʹôԤƳҩ۵Ĵ󣬵Σ
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ע壬ۻԼƴֻ֪ԸҲ֪Σʱ򼴱ǿȰ˵ֻҲûʲôЧģֻܾĳ̶ʡһЩʱۡ
ƴǺֻ˵껰֮ţͬҪڵԼȥܲԶһţȴʲôֺջûоֶߡ
ⲻ¹ԼϵĹƳܲܽ⿪¹ֻȫƴպҪľ
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1213 

1213  
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1215 ˶д

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1217 һоҩ

1217 һоҩ
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1218 ѵֻڰ

1218  ѵֻڰ
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һԼеĹƳӰٶʧŵɽǰͺһ㣬һƬҶ
ŸոմԺصԼԺӡ
ܺõԸߵĺĺͶעһֻյĶһǰȥֻ֮󣬱Լ档
ǲ룬Լ⻰û˵ڣԸأ
ԺͻȻ֮ͣɫͳ
ʲô
ΪϼҼķ£ϼҺԺڶ࣬ҲΪڶ࣬ϼҼҲڶ࣬ЩҲͰˣϰ䣬ЩŮǣɱûһ̿еʱ䣬ձǹĶǡ
ȻȲûʹڶ࣬ȴҲûѷɫٵġ
ԭûĸױӻģټôһֱܵϼҼã˵ͳжд̣ϵͷȥֺãҪͱ˴ùϵЩȴҲǲԸúദģûа취ֻܺʹ˺
ϼҼֵ֧ģҲǲҰô
ǰҲǾˮˮֻ¶û¶ϲԼǰһ鷳Ҳˣû뵽
ϺϺѩȻҲԼǰˣ
ô
ǻƽȮ۲ǣ
СɫҲԼǰŰǲǣ
⼸գһֱںɽУһʱûҲûʱȥƴǵǻȻ֪ϼҼȻѡתϺϺѩöˣ֪
ֻ˸׳нһԽû˳˸
üĿصĿǰͻȻֵĲ֮ͣҲûкĿڡ
ȻѾ˺ˣٶЩ˺ɫҲûʲôã˵ʲô˵ʲôʲôʲôԼĿĺӣǹˣ
Ƭ֮䣬ϺϺѩѾǰ
ĳϺϺѩ˲ûκε⣬ƺⱾ͸ദȷʽҪǺɫĻϺϺѩӦ֣ôǱһǲڳıʲôıơ
ʣϺֻЦһϺѩҲЦĿ㣬Ϊ˹ȴҲſɡ
ô
˹ˣôֺٰãͽǽõ𣿡
ŵʱֻһŮӣȲ书ûĸ׵ıӻССҪϼҼĺԺʵѡ
ǸʱѾʼһˣǶչ׷󣬸Ҳ㿪ʼ˼ǺϼҷΪ˻ŮʱʱΪ
ֶ֮࣬Żظģֱӽз￴Ŷú𾪡
ʱϼҼĺԺУϼҷ֮⣬ҪΪó裬ֶΪԿԺϼҷ˿⡣
ΪλΪһûǰڣϺϺѩǰҲٲӰǸӵģϺϺѩʱ򶼻ļ
ʱﲢ
ﱾϼҷͬˮûҪȥΪһصȥϼҷˣͬϼҷ˻ԹҷﻹȷĻشҪԼԺ治ߡ
ʱǻȥһ㣬ǲܷϣǴ⣬ǲߡ

1219 

1219 
Ҫô˲ˮҪôɨԺӣڿģԺ汾ӦøɻūǶ֪ʲôãԺˡ
ȴҲĬĴڡ
񡭡
ɵǺð
˹֮󣬱˶ϵˡ
ϺϺѩŸսţҪˣ
ͲǵʱΪధǽõʱˣ
ۣϺѩһ㶼ûֱӿ۱ǳʹȥġ
ȻϺѩĻ֮󣬵Ǳɫġ
㡭
һ٣̶ٿһĨȣЦЦĿϺϺѩüۼŭʱȫޣƽĿˣá
Ǳ֮ǰˣô֪λùк̵ָ𣿡
ϺϺѩֻǱԵĴһЩȴĶֵġ
ȻϺϺѩ˵ĳЦ˲˵İۣȴǵĵȷȷΪڷԺɻס
ʱǳơ
Σʱʲôأ
Ǳ˾ҧҪš
Цô
ҪûĻȥǾûڵϹˡ
һ㶼ڣ
ҪϺϺѩĳЦӣҲûôЦһֲô⣬οϺϺѩûʲôսģצĴݰ
ЦЦϺϺѩҲЦЦ
ûʲôʵҲʲôҪ飬ֻǷϹǰ¡ϺݸĿǸǹһĨȣ˵ĺ̹Ȼ
һϹ֮ǰĴı仯Ѿ˵Լ⡣
ˣϺϺѩǵȷǿֻķԸǰ£ǼĸҲҪױ˭˼ϺϺѩֻܰ£ҪĻȥֻˣûʲôϵġ
ϺϺѩ˸ۺ·û빬ֻǺˣҲи˵ԽеĹֻϵġ
ϹҲǣҲֻǷ¡
Ƕɼϲã˵ǲǣϺϺѩ໥һЦ̶ЩѾǸǲķԣֱӳȥסķ֮ڡ
ԲסϹǧ谮ݹصĹǼȻŵĵؽǱ㻹ЩίŵĹأ
Ǻѩ˼׹˵ģôҲǸ˺úõң԰ɣ
ϺϺѩ໥һۣǴӶԷп˳
ϺϺѩǱǺгģνֻµĻǶҲԸģʱʹأ
ǿǽȵģϺϺѩöģ
ģƭϼҵˣϼҼΣʲô¶ӶŮΪôõ飬Ҳϣ
ɺ޵ǣΪ˻ǰͽֺڷĸǰǷˣȴȫȻıӻԺˣôãȻûҪȥһ
ϺϺѩǽһмӡ
ϺϺѩ˿ûֻҲʵӦùúõһˣ
ο˵ıϼҼͻʺһͬģˣʲôСϷ
ǹȥǺúõңһ䶼׼©ϺƳūǣҧǴмô仰
Уűָ
ǣ
ŵٵūصĵͷڵĳԺȥ
ĺľȴǻˡ
ǻͷһμĳ棬ⲻѹ
Ҫڹ棬˴ôԴͬѹκһ˵ܴ裬οϺϺѩõĽڻǡ˶
˵ǹ
ܲԺѵ˶ѲģʱߵĶ˵лģ
ϺϺѩ˵ĻķҪ̫
Ƭ֮亣ĺľޱѾӦٿǰҪȥЩҴū͸Ƿ
ǹסԺӣ˭ѣ
ţȴҲǹ
߿׼ȥ
ϵûʲô쳣ͱ飬ֻɫȻĶľ޺ͺĵ͵͵ЦͲίأôܻİæά棡

1220 Ǹ

1220 Ǹ
̫ϺϺѩʲô˵Цһ㡣
ϺЦʲô
ǽö˲Ƕ˶ҪĴңôͳ̫ˣ
ѵŹǿҵķӦǺѩ˵Ǹ׹ı˰ɡ
Ϻװ𾪵ģ곰
ϺѩȴЦŵϺĻ㣬⻰ǧ˵һˣǾͲˡ
Ǻǣǰɹһ㣬едϰȻǻ˲һ±˲֪˵ģ
ϺϺѩһһͣš
Ѿ˵ˣµģȻô˵ôܣô˵ˡ
ΪóĹܵĶٻ̰ܲͼĶ׹ӣ
δҲ̫ˣ
£ͻô׵ĳȫ𣿣
һ˫Ŀŭա
˵ʲô׹ӶҵԼԺ棬ҪǾˣҪʵԼ͵ˣ
ǰҲͰˡ
ϾǴƣܵݺίҲǲŵģһˡ
ȻѾΪ˳Ĺˣƴǳ費ǰأ
ʱϺϺѩȻôԩԼ̫ʲô
Ǹң
û
Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ҲǺ֮ǰǰǿʤãϺϺѩ˵֮ʢŭġ
ˣ
ǶϹ˲ɣ㽫ðļ˸ϳȥ
˫ֵָϺϺѩĺĵ˺ǳ⡣
ʲô˵ʲôôϺϺѩԼĵΪԼ裬ôպڹ㣿
˭ķԸ
ԼļңԼĽöܲסʲô
뺣ĵ˻δüȥЩеȣֱӱϺϺѩ˸˻
š
ˣˣƤӣ˭ݵģǽ˭书ߣ˭ȭͷӲĽţĪ˵ϺϺѩֻϼҼ֧֣ûУƽ¾ϺϺѩ˵书ҲǱǿġ
ң
ʲôҵģ
ϺϺѩЦŵĿֱֱ̧ǰֹסˣҧǴмô仰ǻʲôȥѵҪСԽǲɣ
ǣ
Ʒʣµĺĺľ޵˸㲻ʲôֻǼµĹ򣬱㱻ϺϺѩߵӸˣͼ˾Ķ£ĿԼԺӱ߰㡣
ڼ滹ʱʱĴõ
ž
ʮֵࡣ
ҧ޲ýһǻҧˣҪϺѿϺϰ֮ˣþˣСĿġ
òҵĴڸУ˿ȴǵȻ޴棬ҲǱϺϺѩ˲ڽ¡
Ҫˡ
Ƿ
ǸôԱҪȥϣ
Ҫȥ߸ףҪ׺ݺݵǣҲҪΪ޴Ϊܵǣҧгݣ˵ÿһ仰Ǵмġ
á
ϺϺѩȴȫȻûзϡ
ҵĺùôʱѵ𣿡
ʲôʱһ֮˲벻ˣϺ۾ĵ³ô仰ȻᣬȴصĴĿڣҡĽ

ʲôʱһ֮˲벻
ǰ
ϼҼһʼôˡ
壬ҲҪһŮȥԼҰģ壬Ҳ᲻Ҹ˭ȨƱҪԼ˭
ֻΪ֮ǰõļֵġ
ڲһˡ
빬ôãûܵõƴǵĳң֮ǰԤ˵õĺҲûӰϼҼͲͷܴʱ˿ϼҼУͽһöӰˡ
֮Իֻúưˡ
ο벻ֻ乬һ㣬ûʲôҪԣһտӰˡ
ûˡ
ϼҼȲҪϺϺѩ
ҶŮ
Ůܶ࣬Լʣµʮö


ϺϺѩΪѣͻȻٿЦ˳ϺϺѩ˵Ҳǳͬ飺

1221 Ц﷢ë

1221 Ц﷢ë
ˣЦ㿪ţ
ЦϺϺѩĪķë
Īܵ˴̼̫ģЩʧķˣ
Ҫʧķ裬ôܲ޷Ц
ϺϺѩϵɻԽʹˣЦЦűЦᡣ
ϺϺѩ໥һۣǴӶԷп˱˴˵ãȻЦǾĪĲˬ
ϺеĶݺݵѹֱۡ
۵һ
˻
ǲЦȻֹеȴ˿δģ治֪ڸʲôʲô
ǿ
ϺҧŴкϾǸܲһĿǿĿˣѵ״ǰ֧𣿡
ǿʲôĽ
͸ұ֤Զ㱻𣿹
ûõʱ˭ǵվ˭ǶԴĶԴǣ
ǡڴأ

Цͣȴһ˲
ϺϺѩĻ֮Ҳıɫ
ǰ
˵Ļܶԡ
ǰҲǱϼҼıӻ
µʱкܶ˶ҪϼҷҲ⣬ʱϼҼȴʲô⣬ҪϼҷȫᣬжϼҼԶԶĶԵġ
ڡ
ΪûˣûܴﵽϼҼҪûϼҼҪ飬ϼҼˡ
ϼҼתĿϺϺѩϣڴϺϺѩܵõƴǵĳҡ
ҪǻһǶأ
ϺϺѩҲƴǵأ
᲻ϼҼҲϺϺѩˣ
᲻ϺϺѩ˽³ң
ֻأĹ˭
ϺϺѩӲԭصӣϲʱ˵ı飬ֻĪʹ죬ȻĻڴϺϺѩĿڴʹ
˭ܱ֤
ΨͼϼҼ˭ܱ֤˭һӱϼҼأΡ
һϺϺѩҲûôĻϼҼҲԥĽ˸ˡ
ĸŮΣ
پԵȨ֮£趼ɣοŮˣ
ϼҼôŮ
Цš
ϺϺѩȴûˣݺݵѹĸ첲ƺҪĸ첲жһ㡣

˻Цֿޡ
ЩŮǣϵıҲǺܷḻʡ
ġ
Դ֮Ǳ㿴˺ܶǰûмû飬߸ǵ֪
û뵽ڣȻǺͳĻʹȫȻͬʽ
ڹֻҪˡ
ᶮҷԴ͵£ǿԺúõȥġ
ҪڵĻǱʵֵҲɣЩʲôصġУھԵʵȭͷǰҲûȥء
ϹͷڳĻʹǳֻ֮𾴵ġ
ŵĻǱ۵һ
ɲˣͿǰ
ϺϺѩ˲ˣͿĶֶš
Ͼŵĵϣ¶ƴڳĻҲҪڵĹصģ롭ʵЩ
ĺľ޲ȥϵʹ࣬ƴŽԼϼҵӡ
Ƕȴʹ졣
ã
ã
ڵԹȴҪϺϺѩ裬ȷЩģǿ֮˱пɺ֮
Ҫ˷ôýյ³
ӦϺϺѩúúõʰʰԺôȥˣ
ϱʹ࣬Լֱ۱Ϻķ飺ſҡ
ֹ𣿡
ЩҲǲཫĶҵ߰˰˵˲ŻĳϺϺѩĸǰţС㣬ûзֺѩСĶ׹
ѽѽ
ϼҵǵĻ㱨Ϻź֪ɿŵ֣װڵģĿǶԲ𰡴㡣
㿴Ƕ׹ʵΪѩϲĽˣǲŻ⣬˴Ժӣŵ˴شǲİɣ
Ͼһ򶼺ܿƵأҪˣǽǰǰľӪıˣ
ϺѩǽߵĿͬ˳ϺĻ˵ȥǰǾԲܺһʶģǻȥĵطҰɣҪټŴȥˡ

1222 ǽƣ1

1222 ǽƣ1
㣬ҪżȻ֮ĻῴõĶ׹һҪĸð
лˣ
˵գϺϺѩ˾Ȼĳ˹ҡڵ뿪Ժӡ
ǡ
£ꡣ
Ÿ࣡
ϺϺѩ˵뿪һϼҵҲϺϺѩ˵ӰԺӡ
õɵĺĺľ޵˼Ҳûıֱ˵ǰеĴ£û¶ɣ
ûˣ
ҪҪū澰̫ҽ
˵˳죬ֱѿڶ̫ҽ˵֮󣬲ŷ⻰˵ĲԾ
ﲻǻʹţʲô̫ҽ
ϼҵĵϵϼҼģϺϺѩ˺ĻǶˣҲǴŵڵĴ
֪ΪûдϼҼȻϼҼˡ
ϼңҲòκεİ
ڳĻ
ʺʢ費룬ҲǶԻʺΨǴӣһ˳ţûд̫ҽ
ҪҪʺβС
ǡʺôȥ￴أ
˱ǵжˡ
ȻԼ˵ˣæĹǸԲԲūãܺúõı
ˡ
ĹĴľ޺ͶǸ˺ĵ󣬷ܵͷˡ
֮ģһȻûзŭĵĻδֻüɫҰ׵Ŀ˵ɡ
µһе裬Ҫ
Ȼǰֺ̣οڱϺϺѩ˸ļŭˡ
š
Լɹ˺֮󣬿Щ֮ǰӹԼˣôһ
ЩȲĿϼҼǾֺڵģϺϺѩ
ģһҪѽܵ趼ǵϸٱֻ
ԣ
ǣ
ĺǻ֣̿һùûйԼ
ڹûľôҰģҲûжôĳޣֻʵʵڹ浱ľķӡ
Ȼ󡭡
ʮʱɡ
ˡ
Ǳ䵽˭ߣǻԴһԴԼκεһӡ
ū澰һЩҩưɣ
ӽƤϸ۰𪣬ϺϺѩôһ֮Ѿܶ鱾ѩ׵ļϣʵЩĿġ
ǲ룬ȴ˼ĿԼϵƣҡҡͷˡ
ЩСƲòˣôŰɣ
ίˣʲôǲ̵ģοȻڴƣȴҲǸƽ׵ı۸ȥˡ
պҪЩ۸Լ˶ڽ¡
£Ҳܱһͱһġ
ŲҪôƸڵ
ֻǲҪڡ
˼Ƭ֮󣬱ںĵĲ֮»֮ȴѾ˺ġ
ҧŴĿȻĿһԵӣ󡭡
Ȼںĵ˵ע֮£ݺݵײӵı߽ǡ
顪
ĺľ޵ĿɿڴĿľٶȫˡ
֪ԲеΪΪʲô
ѵǹﱻϺϺѩ˸Ϳˣ
˻
û°ɣ
ĻعæǰϵƣǺαأ
αأ˺ĵĻֻǴһĨЦȴǲδ˵ʱûʲôˣ°ɣûбķԸý룡
⡭
ֹӷűϺϺѩϼҵС˹һͬҷҡ
ȻԼԺӣ㱻˶֮סŵģôҲǸʰһ²С
ǿϵĵĮȴֲòͷ뿪ǡ
ǹ㰢ʲôԸ㾡ܽūǣ
ūţ
Ƴһ۶ľޣĹĴķ˳
ЦŵĿǽ壬ǵЦݸˡ
첲ϵƵȷأ۵ҪһǸģеĵ⡣
ϣͻԼԼˡ
ʱ򡭡
쿴ǽҵһĻ
ҲǸˡ
ܱ˻ɵϼҼȴǲᶮЩƵģϺϺѩΪλͻȻš
ֻ֪ŵЩ֣ҡæԼͷ
һۣһĵ˴š
ۼˣҲۼˡ
ոڴŲһЩ϶ȥûñ㴫ƽȵĺˣ
Ȼ
û뵽ǡ
ϡ
쾹ȻֵûаԼķС
챾ǴģϾζʵ̫ˡ
׼һУʰʰŵʱȴÿųɡ

1223 ǽƣ2

1223 ǽƣ2
ǰʹĿ죬ǰ㼫̵ģЩ˼ܿ
磬Ҫȥģ
ҧŷ׵Ĵǣڵ˫Ѿˮ˸Ѿ֪˴𰸣ɻڲϵĸԼҪ
Ҫװ֪
Ҫ˵ʲôôȥǸСˡ
Ȼ
ʾίɵʱ澹ȻһϧĴ
˶ǿƵĵģϲߡ
ǰ̫ϼҵĵճС㣬ĸϼҼýȢķˣ
ҲԸԱ֮ʵˣǻ̲סҪ
ǿҲϾŮˣԼϲ˵ʱܵ˺Ҳɻ
ɶ㿴㣬ôˣ
ôˣ
Īģ쿴ɵɲ۽ǾͿҪۣˡ
ٿҪˡ
ģ̧ͷͰ͵Ŀ죺ɶ𣿡
ֻһ˲ĳɣ˵ͷĽ˷ããǱɶ
ͷӦɵΪЦҲǶ˼᣺磬á
ǵȻˣϾҪˣҲã˭á
쵭ЦŵĿɣ𽥱
ֻüͷ
վһζҩ֮󣬽üͷŻȻɿĿ⾪ϲĿҳɹˣǳɹˣ
ֻЩϲʤĿиǸ˺ͼ
ڰ
Լһ˱쳵ôõʱ䣬ͨϧȴһֱֻǲһ㡭
һϿûʲôģҽѧȴʧ֮ǧһǰ㶼ġ
ڣİæ£һˣ
ҼЩʹôҩ۷ĵоˣ
ֻ˸⣬Ŀ֣ϵĿлл
ŵĵӣǡĹİգ
ǱƵһıƵóѣ˱ӵֶεõŵȨƣ˵һҰı쵽Ĺ档
Ͼ
˵ҰԶ㲻˵ģǻȨƣʱĸıı䡣
Ƶ˱ڳıʲô֮ǵ㹻ˣ
ʼǴǫ˳ЦݵģȰֻԴӣЩĹͣﲻһ԰Щˡ
ҽ߳
￴ֻᣬҲĸпģҪǽ֪ĳɾͣһܸ˵ģ
ֻᣬҽѾ߳ˡ
ŽʹһЩͼʶḻһЩµĳٶһЩʱҽﵽǷ켫ĳ̶ȣĺӣǹŶĽͣοԼļҵġ
￴ֻĿЦ⣬ֹסĻϲ
ʱ䲻ˣҪˣʲôĵط㾡һᾡİ㡣ЩĿڣȻֻܸܺط꣬ǱϾ˵б
ϼҼֻƴǵĻʺ
ټֻĸ֮ǰϼҼĹڡ
ֻɲҪϼҼϳźأǲֻﵢʱ䣬һϼҼûϳֻģȴΪԼֻĽӴǸϼҼ˸ѶעֻϣǾ͵òʧˣ
ãֻµĵ˵ͷ֪ڵĲ㣬Ŀ뿪ıӰʱֻȴ˼ġ

ԸĻֻҲԸ⽫ﵱԼĸһ̷
ƴȫĽ뿪ϼǷ֮أ
ԺϼҼȺˡ
ֻͷܿģ㱻ĽŲˡ
ŲҴҵĵֻ棬ϱǳĿڣ㣬ô
Щҩۿоˣ
ֻŲ뵣ǵģЦЦɣպƳµҩۣ׼ø㣬ˣ
˵ĹֻѾźһƳҩ͵˲Уҽ͵ֱӷȥͿˡ
ȥ֮а֮ǰ˵ǰȥʹЩԤҩۣɻǿԱЧ
ϵǳȥ۾ϲĿֻǼĽֻۣ
㣬
ˣ
뿪ĵЩҩۣڵɢŹ䱦һ㣺ұȥҶˣŻʱٺúŽл
ǸɵѾżĽɽˣ
κˣЩµҩ֮󣬶㲻õˣҼЩҳϵҲõ֮ᱻƳ淴ɣʳɸʬˣ

1224 Ҫһ

1224 Ҫһ
˲úֻѣֱӻϲϲЩҩ뿪ˣҽŲӿĳɽǰȥֱӴɽڣ
ⲻ֪ҹʼһ˫۾ڲϣһߡ޲ֱӽ̻
ֻǿϧԷ书ΪǱȲߵģҲҪͶҽƳҩ۷ָЩʹá
ͬʱֻڿŲ뿪֮ȴδи֮ǰõЩҩ۶ˣڻĵڣҪһЩ⡭
ƴϵĹƣ
ǰֻֻһˣڲһˣֶ˸ҽѧ費Լġ
İæо䷽ʱ᷽ܶࡣ
Ȼɽɽ仰˵һ㶼ûд
֮ǰǸ뾳ϵĳĽ׾һϼһ
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ˣкܶܶ࡭
лһһѰạֽ̃ǽǶҽһ޴Ľ
ֻѾδƴһǿԴȥʺͻϵݣһҰ׵ķޣһĹĴɽһĴѰˣֽҽصģںƴʣӣһһŮŪΪ֡ƽƽģȴǳҸۡ
Ҫǵ
öð
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ʱֵҹɽҲĳǡ
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չɽϵʱ򣬶ģûɽߵʱ򣬶ϮˣĪĴ˸
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ŵĶҵĵǸ۵ϣдɻС
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ҹʱǱɽҹһΣʱããҲµ·֪ҹߵһ·ҪһˣԼĽӡˣο֮ǰҼͶҵĵǵĽӡ͸޼Ѱˡ
ɽȻǺֺܴϤãȻ֪ټѰҵĻҲʹûˡ
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Ҽŵ˵ɲٰҪô˶Ⱥ⵽ȺĻɽһɽôˣ
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ҲԸŶһһðŷյĳɽѰһ¶ҳǺ͵ǡ
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ܰһһ㣬һˣ
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ҪɽЩ岮ֵǾȳҲһҪסԼǧʲôˡ
Ҫһ٣
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Ŷ̶̼յĹȴоһһ㣬˲Ӱűòɣ
˵ĥ̻˳ɳ
ǺڴܿԼĺӳɳֺԼĺӳɳ
ɳζʹʹۡ

1225 γֲϣ

1225  γֲϣ
Ƕ֮ǰöֻˬʵĴкȴֻǸô֮󣬱̳ô࣬ⶼǡѧĴۻģ
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Ȼڵ񣬿ʵϣѾڷɣǲػرչأǻѪת
ҲͶûʧܽŵЩһе˵ҲǱȴǰأΪͶС鲻㣬ºܶ޷ȷѡԡڱչ֮ʱҴҪòȫ
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ɻĿҴϣǲǵʲôԸҪ󲮲˵
Ҵ֣صҡҡͷǣС㣬ڱչصʱҪϷСġ
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벻ΪҴȴǲɵ̾˿С㣬֪ΪʲôôеϣҪߣտŵ𣿡
ҴͻȻصģһϵЦݽʧתĿصĿҴϣ󲮲û°ɣ
һʮĵԼԼؽأ
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࣬Ҳǲ̾ĸӵļ֮Զ

һֱһŹģǴ˵ģһֳ˾ŶΣﵽ˾Ŷ֮󣬱Ѱ֣ǣ¶׵ġ
Ҵһ٣ĿƶĿŲ룬֣صĿڼ˵ǿĹڵʶҲͬΣ
ڰ˶ΣɹĶȹҲͰˣǶɲš
ɴ˫Ŀ⾪ĿҴϣͷһֵ˵
ۿɵʱССͱﵽζеŵĵ𺳣ôȥҲǲ߶ΣǻǵʢƵʱҲ֪ˡ
ڲ룬ȻҲһеٮٮߣ츳߳ˣȴҲڼǰɽʱﵽ߶Σôȥ书Ϊȴûаļ
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ҲŸյ߶δԲһδͻƵڰ˶Ρ
ôءЩ̽ŵĿҴϡ
ܵ߶δԲһֵø˵顭
ȹȥˣ൱һʵߣ书Ϊ˲䱩һΣȻ˵ҪﵽھŶ֮ʶԭʵ򡭡õڰ˶ξ㹻߳彭Ѱˣ
ڵĵǴӳʼô꣬Ѿܾöû˴ﵽھŶˣڰ˶ҲԿԽᣬȻ䱦ǰС뿪֮ʱʱչأΪ˳ڰ˶Ρ

1226 ѵľ

1226  ѵľ
û뵽;Ϯ
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ֵĹؼʱ̣ȴǱˡ
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ϴС㣬ϷʹС˵Щ飬ϣܱԼ塭ҴϼʱסĲ룺ڹȥҲǼģѾµһֱչˡ
ϣһΣȬܳɹͻư˶ΣҲ˽ԸǸ˵һᣬôţǴеİ˶κ;Ŷǵĵȷȷ˿ԴﵽģֻǻҪǸӱŬ;ĲУ
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Ҵ˵ãǵ㽫еݹҩ۽˹ȥСģϷȥһᵢС¶ġ
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ϺѩϺ˹ĹϼҼǰϺҧŴԥƬ֮㳯ϼҼ˹֣
ȻϾܾ˺ͺѩ̷ԱߣǺͺѩȴ˵˻ʺһʺѾӦǣֻҪܸ£ڹ棬λֲȴ㻹
ʱϺѩϺҲǵıϼҼ֣Ҫȥתһ룬˵ѵĻʱǲᱻϼҼģϼҼ綼֪һ죬ʱӲϼҼʢŭ
˵ôʵʵ˵Ҫ
οҪ£ҪֻˣƱҪϼҼֵ֧ģϼҼһǽܻûл빬أȱϼҼˣ
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1227 Ҫйһ

1227  Ҫйһ
Ȼ׵ϼҼɫʵ˼֣ŭûãҲֻһ˲ˣܿüۼŭȥ˼ĵ˵ͷ˵ŮǸܽɫ
ϼҼ۾ȴģõϹŵϺѩϺЩãȻ
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ϼҼУҲֻǳֻŮϣϱ𺡣
ӻ飬ϼҵЦˣôϼҼһֱ𣬿ܵȴʼջ֮ȥģҲͰˣһʱ򣬱ϼҼó裡
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ĺǣҲƱزô׵ķŹ
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ϼҼȴ֪ʱϺѩϺе뷨ֻջԼƮԶ˼ֻǲŮܹǰµģһͳɽ·ϵİʯõģ¡
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Ҳϣٿڶ֮ˣ𣡡
ϼҼĻϺѩϺһĪĽţǣŮ֪ˣȻǲõʧģ
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պҪԸĿķȥҲȥκ˵ɫˡ
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֮ԽôĹƳųȥ޷ҪЩƳѪѡһõȡѪιԼŴŵֻСɰģǲ롭ЩƳȺѰ˺üҲû
ʵŪˡ
ţɰǧӣǵѪʺƳ棬ΨģǿùƳ⣬Ϊ̰棬ǰɽˡ
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ԱģٵȵȣǶôˣҲںЩʱˣٵȵʺ˵֮ұ㽫ϲѪȡʱҲǳưԵĺʱˣ


ֻҪһõ˲ѪϵֻƳӵֹסĿģȨưǸö˶Ҫ
ҲҪ
ǳȨƣģȫе˼ĶеֻС
һжеġ
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ջöɽ潹ǵһʱˣڵǲá
Ϊûܴڳǲá
鲻õʱҪһЩйһ¡

1228 ֮Ӧ

1228 ֮Ӧ
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ⲻ֪Խ磬бԽʹ죬ֿ⣬ϵѪڣؿϵЩɫĴֳҲż徹ȻĿɿڴ±Ѫ졣
𼤶
죬һԳԸ
滹кܶٵ㣬ɽЩʳҲûʲôˣ绺ڣɽԭڿֻе˲ͷš

ѪƷ·Ļһ㣬ٶ𺳵Ŀ֮»Ĵ˳ֱֱĳЩҵĵӺͳǹȥ
ꡪ
ꡪ
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ѪưķϣʱݷĸҪڳĻһĸܵƷĪĸı䡣
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ɵܵɽɨӣһ˲ĸо˵ζģҲ֪ôһǿ׳ͻȻָо߶ǳܲסġ
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ĬĬ浻档

1229 ͷݶ׸

1229 ͷݶ׸
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ɽɽ·ȻǱ綯ֽţѾߵټѰǡݷȴǿԴһֵġ
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ǶѪζеģݷ㲻ں޵ǣҲȺģ֮ʱȺ̵βԣǶѪζ쳣ĸ̶֪ȡ
ɽдУѾӡ
ΪЩƳǻʳ˵ѪģҲɽ䣬лƮô˿Ѫζζ˲ݷȴԸ֪ġ
ãȻ˫ۣϵʹĴ̼ģ۵ĵһ
˻
Լô˯ˣ
ʲôʱˣ
Ҳ֪ʱ˶ˣôûпӰأ
Ҫ´ЩˣΪʲôʱûĵĻȲһЩҩϷҲôº֣ڿɵǺˣûԼҪˡ
ϧոžʹӴȴҲ˷ֺˣԼװϵĵط۵һһſĻ͹
Щ
ÿһҪǣԼ˿ڣҪҪԼķŭ̻ȥ
һ
ԻͣǿԿ˵
ġ
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ɫʹ࣬þȫ
ľޡ
ϧ˵ָ˸飬ȴû
ҲǺľǼְأʵǡʵ֮ǰѾȷķԸˣûʲô鲻Ҫǰڼ֮ǰǶȺڷ̵
ûгɹף޹ˣҲڸʲôڶԷĵ˭ȴǲԴġ
ӣ˭Ҳҿ̫»ĺ£Ǩŭǵϣ¡ҶʶĶܵԶԶģ˭Ҳҳ֣
ǿ಻ˣȴûеطȥ߿࣬ưͳԻҲֻԼĬĬʻصȥˣ
ôڴ溰źĺľ޶ǳٳٶδлش֮Ҳˡ
ˡ
˲󼺣俿Щ׵ѾͷǣԼҧҧ´ȥԼһˮˡ
˻ϵľʹģȴҪǿţò׿˷˾ʹ˴֮ľ
ˡ
һҪ飬Ǿװ֮ǰҲǱϺϺѩ˸ˣʱ˵ҪæԼȥʰģԼΪǰıһ㣬ӷŭһ
ܾҪİæʰӵ飬¡
һƬǼﻹʲôõĲͲ豭
͸Ҫ˵Լһˮˣ
ʯͷԼĽţܾˣ
СЩʹ֮£ֻžʹ»ص˴ɣɺá
һ𣬿Ŀնȴ˹Լһǽ塣
ʵϺϺѩ˻ŷִģǶ֣ҲǲҪֻǼ򵥵Ľѵһ
ҪԼºײôһ£ʮټȻ΢ǱϼҼô꣬ɽĽöȲϣҲΪƽʱ̫ˣŻȱ
˵ҲЩЦģһȻôҡ

1230 ܹ˭

1230 ܹ˭
ֵܹ˭أûȥײһ£Ҳûܾĵʰһӡ
ܡ
һ˲䣬ԺоȻֳĸʱҲǸͷһôᡭôֵ뷨
֪˶ãôڴϣĿĹ͸οյ񻨴͸ҫ棬ҫϡ
ůƺãϵʹûôˡ
Ҳǻࡣ
ϵϸ΢΢ȥҲûôʹˡ
ҧ´ȥ˵ʱ򣬷֨һ򿪡
ȻδüˣȴٶüĽ
ŵˣǺģǶ
ʱ˿̣ޱ飬ֻƿ˷ţĳ˹ĿţҪū澰æ
ū澷ǰʰһӣ΢΢ס
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԴ򵱳ֶκ˶ױһС̫֮ŶǴһɷڶκεǲġ
෴֮£Щκˣغġ
Ѱʱ򣬿ֱܶӷԸȥ£ˣһǾôõʹҲҷ˼ǺܴҲöˡ
أ
ĿڣҲûжԶ
ڳ׼ʳľʰԺӡڻش
ϺϺѩƻĵطֻ棬ԺҲû˸á
ǺˣһҹУ˯ðȣȴһˣҪʰڻûۣܺ
ȥкĽɡҲû롣
ȥ֮Ȱʰˣ
ҪҪȥöҪȥʣ쵽ô£
գȻ˶ǹ
ûõʱ۰Ͱ͵ĸ㣬ʱ㲻뿴ʱ겻ɢǵõ˿ɺˣżĹ򣬾͸Ҹʳˣ
ҪǻָӣŲȥ죡
ԽǱ裬ʱԽܷԽҪĺ˺ӣֻҪ˺ӡʱܵĿ࣬һȫȥˣϺϺѩϼҼҲ¶ԼأһС
Ǹ档
ҪŬˣ
ôˣ
ϣȫȴû뵽ǰĶԼʱȴûȥ죬ֱͦͦվԭأ˫ˮĿԼί
ū澵岻ɾˣ̷ֵߣԲŻūԶ
΢΢һ㶡
ЩȵĿŶ׶Ǵġ
Ƕȴǿ޵ģǰﲻʲô飬ū̷ߵģô¶źĺľޣȴöū澵ġ
ôϼҼ͹ߵˣ񶫶ȴҲǲٶˡ
ٶ֣ϼҼǱ߱˵ȥˡ
Ѿһ¶ѲɻҪٱһұ֤һе˾Լˡ
Եڶ¶ѾߣŲһķֶԸ
Ǹ¶ֱ˶ˣԶС͸ԼߵģֻС̫ĥȴҲǲҪġ
ϼҼǴģȴǺԣ˽ϼҼϼҼϰϼҺ绽꣬ϰ˾ԵȨûĮӶɡ
ֻҪǶϼҼ͹ˣ͸úúõţϼҼȻս
ڣǺϼҼȻսʱ
ū֪ūǸɾˣպȴ˼ֱ˵ķūھҽԼ
侹ȻӲĳµĴײ˹
ҪǱײԼĴǰǻˣ
ϼҼƴǺֻҲῪʼɣԼǸʲôܽԼߵŮøѪĽ
δᣬȻܽôǻԼ·ġ
۽ᣬϵıĻȥˣô졭
ô죿
𡣡
ʲôʱˣֻǾʰӸñ⣬

׼ôúõĻţ
Ҫˣôˣ
ΪʲôԼһ겻ĸо
ϼҼƴ񣬱ϺϺѩЦ裬ȻһҲʰסˡ
ϧĵҪԲãûΪֹĻͣסһľȻͻȥ
Щˣö˶˵ĵҪʲô

1231 ֮֮

1231  ֮֮
˻
˵ģΪż۵ĸˡ
ۼŶҪԼĴϡ
Ҳҧȥı۾ѸٵһõͷѸٵĵ˴ǰ
þȫҲֻǵһ죬ȴ۵Ҫᡭ
ûʲôˣԼԼأ
Ͼͺۣһ¶˺ѷΣںˣΪ˾ȶֻԼϺǱѹһ㣬۵ޡ


ָŶ΢΢ûб㾹Ȼ飬Ҫ𣿡
۽ǹˮֵĿū澣ūôҪأ
ūҲҰ
ūֻǲҪԼԼǰģﰲġ
۵Ķͷ죬ԭΪ˯˺ܾöݻ⣬ڷþȫȥͷŶ飬ٶǣĵط۵ŭûУֱӵ˴ϱ÷
ƫƫһãȻģԼ
һ̵̣ףԼģжôɺޣڶԷľᷳп˵ʱ򡭡
ֻأûĹ˭
˵һΣû㣬úõĻţӱȥʮɫ԰ףץµĽҧмô仰
ɫ֣̿æĳͷԲԲū澵Ĵԭū澡
ūҲΪԱŻģūûй˼ˡ
һŮˣҪˣʲôǻȥģǲúõĻˣٻҲûʲôָûʲôˣͻȥԼ
Ӯ⵽ӦǶӮҲҪӦӦ˳ʹһʹ
ƾʲôз֮ʹֻԼһĬĬ֣ⲻƽ
Ҫ۾һۣôҲҪ۵ζ
ױϵʹֻ࣬һĴǰʱ䣬ôģκʹĻᣬϷŹ
ΪϻῴǳģһŭΪյͷȥϺϺѩˣⲻ֪ȥɱţҪζҪס졣

ھ۵ܲ
Īˬʹ졣
㡭ȥѺĽ
ȥһЩҩ汾ϣ
ԭִںĵģ⻰˵֮ıˣŶǴģĹƻҪԼĥĥʵܲˡ
ֻСһʹ
Աöȥҩɣ
ԣĵͷãǹԵĵһū͹ȥȡҩ࣡
ҵǰԼϵۣǾķڴɺãʱ۵ֱð亹ĥĥǰ˰ʱĴķ뿪
ţϵʧתһĨЦ۰ɣ
źã
ϲһۣô֪Լô֣͸ܵӦˣ
ã
ҲھȥȡҩҺĺľҲҪæµʱһ
ƵڻԼķ䣬ϻױŵǵɫ
Ͷһ˵ˣСɣ
һ˫ˮӣĿĶԼߵ죬ǻ֣ķӣ׵һĨ⣬ȴ̫ۡ
ǰɵǵİĽģϧһŮʱ򣬺ܶ˶ǲϧֱĽǸŮ˱Ƶñģֶε֮˷Ů̫˵ĵط̫޷ܡ
ܣ˵ͨɣ
ΪʲôҲɵʲô뷨֮һǳɹĽԼˣûǸС˸ˣɵ黹Ǻܺõġ
ƺܵ˵Ķ˯е컺˫ۣĿŽߵɣͳɳƵŴԵĿڣɶ
ôô硣
ϱ
⼸ε֮Ѿϲá
ϲǿƵŮˣֻϲŮˡ
ǰԼΪݵԭ̫ǿƣ⼸εĴ֮ɲŻȻǰҲװ㽿ģ
Եĸܵ϶ԴԼĶͬ
ƽʱΪᣬ繡
磬ǲҪˡ
ٿرĲ᣺ϻ𣿡

1232 ҵɽ

1232  ҵɽ
ϼҷ˹ܵϣɺҲʲô̫ĶΪϺϺѩ˵õϼҼʶڷֻԻҲQĸˡ
ʱϼҷе˼ʰѹƷ棬û̫йԼ
ҲɸһЩ
ʵɵкǺڣΪʲôûϼҷ˵Ľ̵ź׵ʱŽԼӽ죬ǵĸ׵Ļ֮ڵ֪Ĺ֮µʱ򣬾ܺŵ˵İƣȻﳤȥ
ϧû
ûĸ׵Ļ¼ıӣǸֵϲˣȴҲˣûа취뿪ˡ
ľô뿪죬ôװ׵ı
⧲뻳Ȼȫ̽ܣЦ䣬ǵĻӦɵ飺ȻˣɶҪ
ײ
ҲɶԼźġ
⼸ĸоܺãһɣһԼ뾡֮
ǣı֣Ƿµʳһ㣬ʵжȥϵŰ裬ҲǸʮ˵ģֻǴǰŸڸˣ첻ǾúһǺΪѵ顣
ڲˡ
첻ôΪˡ
ǺңԼûоܾɣŻлԼʶɵá
ƺ
ӮȢҲȷһ顣
Ƚз飬ַŵĺ֮ܿǰڶɱ粵͵ʱ˵ҲȷʵǳĹǸ˱ˣ˱˵Ůˣôܻأ
֮ջʱԼǰᣬʵΪˣ
ĸ˻Ůǰûӵľܾ
װģҲҪװɻӣŻлӵŻлᱨ
á
΢΢ӣĶͷһǡ
㲻ʧԼҪʧԼĻɶ㲻ˣ
ᣡ
ôʧԼأ
˵֣أǽĽɱڻС
ɽ
ݷһ·˳ѪζŨ̶ȣܿıȷѰҵķ򣬸˳Ƿһ·ɽ
ʵƳһôġ
Ǿǣ˱˹ƵĻһƳڵģĹƳ㲻ٹйƵˣйƵ˵źܶĹƳ棬Ҳֻ֮ǰµģ¹ơ
ҲΪݷ֮ǰйƹûֻƳԤҩۣҲɽһ·Уͨ衣
˳ѪζԽԽۼһɽڳԼǰݷЩ𺳡
ѪζŨ̶ȡ
δҲ̫ˣ
ɽĵƺرɽڲģ֪⴦ǿ϶ģ¼ҵ·ҲҪҵڵĻˣ
ݷеĺȻγ彣һСĳɽڿ˽ȥסɽϢ
ûв֮ǰǸԼֵģ书ǿغ˵ϢŶǸо˺ܶҵϢкܶˣܵ˾š
ڻ֮вŻϢȵ
ݷĿɾ˶ɽѵǡ
ѵЩʧĶҵӺͳǣ
ǸĪĺ˲ɽ棬ȥģ
ݷ۾ֻһ˲䣬ṦɽһԾٽɽѪζԽˣصЩķθ
ŵǺɫģĪҲǱѪȾģ
֮ǰɱ˲գ۵ۣ֮£Ҳǲɵ𺳣Ҫɱ˶ˣܽɽѪȾɫ
жˣܵ˶û
ô궼ڸʲôȻŲ
ǡ
ûã
ͬʱݷǲɵһͷġ
ֻϼҼΪСʱͶֻ۲ԸϼҼİڲҪ˽ѡ
뿪ʱˡ
ҪǱ¹ƵĻҲֻǰû뿪֮ǰǱ¹Ƶ˲лᶯ֡
ǣʱϼҼ˵Ļ
¹ƵˣôᶢԼأ
鵽̶ȣѾˡ
ϼҼݷ¶ϼҼǸƵ˺ı׼һıԼʵģ
Ϊʲô
˶ģ
ݷɫĳɽ濿ԽԽ𾪡
ɽſǼ·ľ룬һ·ݷ㾹Ȼ߻δüİ׹ǡ
ôıɽĽ䣬ڶһ⡭

1233 Ǹ

1233  Ǹ
ңЩ׹棬кܶϸİɫĳȥ
ƣҲӦǶԼһɡ
ԼסɽŪӣѵ˯ʱͲö
ߡȥˣǸ
վе𺳣ݷ㵽ɽ棬ȻɽѺŵĶǶҵЩӺͳǡȻѾʣˣݷȴϵ·ϵĶҵı־
ԭɽЩҵĵӺͳ֮˽ŲΪǸĪ˻ģǲڿǰݷʱǵʵһǶʱϣ
Ⱦǣ
Ⱦǣ
߳ȴǿĶݷ㣬ǽϣݷϡ
Ⱦǡ
ߡ߰Ǹڵش
߳ԭǽϣǰİϣֻǾ꿴ĺܣһʱ֮ȴҲ벻ļ֪꣬ݡ
ôóóȻ˾ȷЩס
ûξǣԶ߳ϲŻ˵ʱ򣬶Ȼı⣬ǲҲԣæȥڴ˹ҲУ
һ㱨ģ㡭˵Ҽˡ
Ҫ졭
Ҫ˵ĻĪ˻֮ɽʣµĵӱҪ˱ɱˣ
ǱѾʣµ˲ˣҲ֪Ī˾ʲôʱãʲôʱ鲻ãõʱֻɱһ鲻õʱǾͿܽ˶ɱˡ
ѵǶҪɽ
𺳵ĥġ

Բ
ŶҼɽѰ˵ĳǺ͵ӿɲ
೤ҼˣֻʣԼôһϡ
ˡ
ҼҪǰȥץݷֻѿݷ㣬κʵûʹݷ㣬ֻܰڵϣݷ㡣
ϢĶҵǣҲȺŶ߳һ𣬿ݷ㣺ǰȾǰɡ
ǲ
Ҫĳ̫ѪˣֱǱɱģǱĥģʱ˿̣ЩǱ˻Ӱܶ궼

ڶ˵Ŀʱݷȴ̫ı仯Щ䵭Į
ڳЩˣȻֱɱĸ׵֣ŵˣûһǸɾģ
Ϊִ˻еĸסҵͯ꣬ôˣô꣬ϵĳϣȴûκ˳ֹ˵ס
á
ĸ׵ĳݷԲŵϣֻǸûĵĸף硣
Ƕأ
ʲô
ֻҪ뿪ϼң뿪ţȥԼҪƽƽһˡ
ôģ
ϼҼҪɱ岻ûֹϼҼľҲǲ˵ӹȥæϼҼڿ˵ţΪŻ
ֻΪҪ뿪ţΪ˱ɱˣ˵ħͷΪСǱģǸޣ֪ʹӣ
͸
˭ǵĵ
Ƕˡ
۱Ĳңģ
ҪڵЩԹۣҪڵЩ˶ϼҼݣҪЩŵ˵ԸŹۣҪ۱ƽ·Ҳᷢɱôˣʵħͷ
ǹ˭أ

ָȥ˭ıң
Ȼ۲ȥеĵǶɱˣͬģҲȥǡ
Į֣Ǵϵѧģ۱㾡ĻЩˣ
ֻҪȥžͲĺô
ϡŸĺô
Ǻǡ
˵ĻеĶǱϼҼ䱦ݷҲһĲֵġ
ȻݷҪģûܸ𡭡
ҪģôãԼҲȥƻ
ƮԶ˼ݷֱӱ䵭ĮĴЩҵĵǺͶ߳ϵɨ󡭡ֱӳЩۼһĹƳ濿
ҵĳϺ͵ӣݷӲܣ⺦˵ĹƳȴá
һһСҧֻϿôźã
ǲܵģݷҲ׼
еĳѸٵЩĹƳϻ

̶𣬸һɶӡ
ݷĿĿЩϢٵĶҵӺͳǣĮĿڣҪŻҪǲͼﰥѽѽ͸Ͻߣ
ݷĿ

1234 ջɽ

1234  ջɽ
ɽĪ˸ûɽʲôֽţֻǷһЩƳˡ
ЩƳ濴գʵȴûʲôģֻҪСĽùƳû⣬ЩƳδʱõɱЩƳ棬һ·ͨ裬Ƶǻȥɽ¡
治ݷ㿴Щˡ
εĻԴɽߡ
ЩˣֻǱһЩԻҩԼҪˣһֻ
ɱ˲ǻã
ݷǰ㶼ڵ˳ϹϵģһϹϵֻݷͶǸıģ
ԭ߳ϻΪݷĮӸеǷŭ
ݷ̫ˣû֮ˡ
ѾϣܰæŵǸôģû뵽ݷ㻹Ǽȣ˵˽ģ
ǡ
ʵϡ
ݷ㲢ǷǵģûǸҪǡ
ݷ㲻ϡǵݷϡ
·һ߰
ݷʲôϵ
ֲݷ书߱ƣݷƵǣ֣
˭
вǣ
˶
ͲӦֻ̫ǻᱻ۸ǻᱻɺ˺úദ˵䲻ĻЩĵкˣݷ㿴Ŷ߳ϵľܸ
û¹Ƶ˶ֻ֣ὫǨŭ˵ϡ
ϵʥĸӽ˵࡭
ᷳ
ǡ
ܶ߳Ϻĵθ룬ݷ˵ҪŻɽʱȴǻһһϢϢҲűǿ˺ܶࡣ
Ǳ
ȥǱƳҪ
ô
ƳҧЩѪȣֻһ˲䣬ܿ۱۾͹ȥˣҪǱĻǡҪҪĿԼĻҪʹ࡭
ۼԼļ졭
߳ƴҡҡͷֻһ˲䣬ǿнԼǸֲͷѹȥ
ˡ
ȥɡ
һʹ죬˵ʲôҲܾôɽС
ֻƬ̹򣬶߳ϱѾ˾ҧҲҪȥ
߳㣬ʣµЩҲǽŶ߳ϵˣɽó׳۵ĳ棬߳Ϊףһ˾Ȼųɽȥһ·ϻնɱ˲ٵĹƳ棬Ӣۡ
ݷ㣬ۿЩ뿪һξ룬ŻƼҲյҵЩ֮󣬱ֱһԵ̨˲ЩƳȼ


ԽԽĴкܶûбĹƳҪӻдݷųЩɫϸĹƳôŵĴӻҲ˲䱻ݷеĳء
ݷһֱԴĶЩƳ棬𽥴ɽ˵ɽĶڡ
ۼŴ󲿷ֹƳѾɱѸٵӰɽңڳɽ֮ݷ㻹ѸٵɽĶȥһʯ׵ڵסɽĶڡ
ݷҪߡ
̱ڵϵĶ߳ϺЩǣȴǾĿݷ㣺ľͲܰ𣿡
߳ϺЩҵĵǣɽѰ֮ǰǷùֻƳЩԤƳҩ۵ģͨĹƳǲṥǣֻŴֻߵĹƳŲЩҩۣ
Ȼʹ÷ˣֻܹ졣
Ͳʱ
ڲǵڶ죡
ҩЧأ
治֪ЩԴﶼôģıǰ˵ɣôڷǿʼԥԥ̵ĺ͸Ůһ
ǣ
ݷɲǿõģûбҪȥЩˣûҪȥܣ
ô˰Ҳﲻ
شÿڣݷŶ߳ϺЩҵĵǡ
˾ڲԶѰңɽ˻ϾͻܶỤ̃˵עʱȻϹݷûаĹϵ
ݷӰתۼʧ˵֮ڡ
߳ε̾˿ôܾϤļأ
֡
ʱɽĴѰĶˣĵȷȷע⵽ɽķ
ʲô
ҵָŨĵطЩĿŶð̣ն
ĵһҲûģֱӳð̵ķ˹ȥĶҵĵǽĸڶ󣺡ߣҲſ
Сģ
һ󼱴ٵúٶڶ߳ϺͶҵЩǶǸǴϣԽǵʱ򣬶߳ϷԼûô֫ʹˡ
ǡˣ
߳ϽżͬʱĵҲͬɤеĿˡ

1235 Ѿ

1235 Ѿ
ڿ˵òʱ򣬼ĳŶ߳Ϻ߳ϣˣ
ǰǰ
ˣоˣ
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1236 һ㱨

1236  һ㱨
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1238 ʵǵȲ

1238 ʵǵȲ
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ϼҼͳȴŭġ

1239 Ǵһɢ

1239  Ǵһɢ
Ҳ˵ڻŵʱڣŪĻ̵̻ģڵĹƳ飬ûʲôʱϼҼҲϣ
֪ΪʲôÿϼҼʱ򶼻úǱŤܾϸ˵ĸоǹ죬Ǿȴ˵ġ
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ϼҼѾܶΣʲôҪԼԸԼŰţƳǰȻͻȥɽȥģû뵽羹ȻһٶΥԼ˼
вϼҼĮӡ
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类ϼҼϼҵʱ򣬻ֻǸ꣬һôȥˣϷ˺ܴı仯СϢǱá书ǿϻ˵ϢԽԽ٣תĺ䡣
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ϼҼǰԼ书ΪȴǱϼҼܵ쳣Ϸ˵ƳƼѣҪһֻõĹƳ棬ʱҲеģһҪܶҩġ
ϷĻ뾡취㺣ĵŪˣǡϷôûɵĹƳأ
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˵ĸϵı飬һҪһɢģ
ĿĵĿϼҼϼҼƳ硣

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絭ЦŵĿüĽϼҼվûֱӺϼҼ˺Ҫ˺ϼҼ꣬תȥ룬ôϼҼݷ˺ԼԣʵЩֹ̫ۡ
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ӾˣϼҼ㷢֣統ֻǸƵ˰ˡ
ûбϲãûб룬ֻһҪõĹƳ档
պãԼȴǿԸṩõĻģ˲Żߵһ𣬲ŻЭ飬ôꡣ
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´ʱϼҼ˵Ϊʲô滹ʼվòԾġ

1240 ˼

1240  ˼
ڿ˵Ƴһôôѵ飬ҪǶôôĸߣûа취һֱԼṩĹƳ档
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Ҳȷǡ
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Ƴ˹Ƴ棬ҲΪõġٶȽ͡
ϼҼϵı֮Ѿˣǻǲҳ׵Ļ¶һ·Լûдģûмʵ磬ϼҼĻҲ
ס
ֻҲΪѵĵط
ǰ㲢δҵ֮ͬ£ųôĹƳҧҧôĵӣڵĻ̻̣Ͳϳţ͸Ҫ˵ĴСˣ
ϼҼⲻźۼϴϣܿЩ飬ȻȴϼҼʧˡ
ƽһ˫̶һ㣬ףֵı鶼ûУ뵱ģ
һʱ֮ҲϼҼͷԣֲĻĻǼٵˣ
Ƕʱڣûа취ˡϼҼ̬ȵǺܼᶨȻϵı飬ʱڣϼҼȥ룬ϻпֻƴأ
ҪŪôƳ飬ϼҼͽȫעڶԸֻƴ˵ˣôֻƴʵֵŴôã
֮ǰϼҼȷǱŭˣǺܿģϼҼΪ
ҲΪϼҼϳֻò
ŻϼҼ͵Ҫдֻƴǡ
һĻĻϵϼҼԺлصϼҼ԰ܽܲܵõŵȨƣ£ϼҼҪֻƴǸۡ
ǲź³ģ
Բᣡ
ȵȵȰɡ

1241 

1241  
ҽ֮кһƹƳ棬ȡѪϼҼģȻȴԼ˾
Ҳܸòˡ
һҪڵĻֻһɢˣ
ϼҼǾԲܷԼĳ˲ȥԸǻ˼ڰæѰѰǣȵõ棡
û˻ôηοϼҼԭ˽ˣ
翪˵ϼҼּ˵ңֻʱ䲻֣ܶ㣬ҲӦúúõ伣һʱ䣬רĴɽȥоƳ档
ҿɲǰװ׵İṩôҩĵģҲҪƳ档
ҪƳҵĿʹã
죬ʱ䣬ҪһǵĹƳ棬ûµоĹƳ棬֮ǰƴǺµһֹƳҲУϷҪƳ棡
ֻأóҲֻ˹ƣ
ֻǲŮֻܹƴǵļϵˣֻ൱ڿƴǣɱԼŮȥӲҪƴǵϲɿ׵Ķˡ
ҲϼҼԷƱֻǾôãҲǳ׵ĶԼŮʧȥˣϺϺѩǵȷɫģȴ߲ȥƴǵ档
ƤĺƴǵߣҲɲָƴǵĳ谮
ֻҪֻڣƴǵоԶû˵Ĵڡ
ҲԶûŮĴڣϺϺѩҲǰ͡
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ۼȻڹƳʹ£޷סԼжο籾أϻŹƳΪǿѪơ
żҪѪȴǶԸŴ֮⣬ʣµҲԹƳһֻֿš
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޷ȫĲٿعƳĲ
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ܶʱͻȻñѪ˺ܶ飬ǵʶѵʱȴַЩ鲢ı⣬Ͳģ
ָо罹꣬
ƫƫǲ˶ѪƲҪģòҪֻĬĬ¡
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ϼҼļ֣ûٶ˵ֱ֣Ų߳ȥ
¡
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ʣҲֻʣһЩɢɢſʯУ͵ĹƳˡ
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߰ĸѪһһϦ֮ȫûˣԼĲõɽҲ˻ˡ
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ҪѶʱܽԼıͱطؽ

ſ˫ۣƺҪɽٵһ㡣

1242 ƲסҼļ

1242 ƲסҼļ
ҲҴʱɽûκεڵĵӣʶһʱһᱻŭŵġ
Ҳ֪˶á
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ʵңĹƳ涼Ա٣ɱһ¾ͿˣҲúķѶʱ˼ԼϵֻСѪȴǲһġ
㻨ʱɽѰҵһֻԼģ˼صҩģʱ䣬ղſʼܴⱦȡ
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£ȥµĵطš
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ֻƴǶȺԼĹƳ֮󣬱ҪҲˡ
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ϲˣ൱ڸ㣬õ޹İˣˮһա
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ΪӮ˺ܶĴۣǰΪ𣬿ڿϼҼҵ׼ȷҶλƺ鰮ͱȨϼҼͷ
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ڣ
ϼҵĵٿؽţĵ˴ϣϼҼϾǹı飺кηԸ
ȥ߻ʺͻϣ˵Ϸ֮ʱҪλ׼ʱ磡
ϼҼ۾еĹƳûбܻ䣬ҴڹŵĵҲǲ̧ͷģϼҼĵ˸Ը
Ȼ¹ŵĵͷδֱ̧ӹ£ǣ֪ˣȥ
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ϼҼԼһܱյʯ棬ڵ˫˸Ĺâ
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ֻԺҵƴǵǰ
æµʲô
ŵʱƴһɰڰддͣͣԴƴ֮󣬱˽ȥ뾳ΪµһЩ£ҲةǲҪƴˡ
ֻһʱ֮Щ֡
ǰͻȻֵֻƴϹǳǳЦݣȴδͣеĶֻֻ֮ǰڣæˣ
æˣָڵĵҩ顣
ԭֻƴǹţΪ˽⿪ƴϵĹƳ棬ѰǱ¹Ƶ˵ģǲ֮󣬱ŷıʣŵĴС㣬ҩĲҲԼϡ
ֻǺæģҲǿڲϵģû뵽;״Ȼʹõֶ˴⡭
й͵˷ֺá
ҺãҺİæ֮£ɹҵ˽ҩƷǻϣҲһСջ
ֻδüĸ˵ƴһأ

1243 кϢ

1243  кϢ
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ݵǷ䣬һ˫ųɽӣÿֻʱ򣬶ֻһִһƴǵĿҪԼȥһĴ
պãҲмҪҪ˵
ƴǷµɰʣϵЦŵĿŻԼ˹ֻϼҼ׼жˡ
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һ㣬ֻǺģʲôж
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ʵ֮ǰϼҼǶֻƴ˻ֻΪɲɵֻƴŵʱ򣬱ڱңֻպǺǾʶ
ǿҺϣϼҼҲǲóóȻȻĶֵֻģ˵ȥԵϼҼǲӹһòҽ߳ϣŵĵˮֻҲҪݺ
ڲͬˡ
ڵֻѾƳ˽ҩƳԤƳҩֱۣ𷢷ŸˣѾһŵΣڵĵǿԵĵõϢĻᡣ
ҲϼҼԳֵֻĺʱˡ
ֻǡ
ֻȻоԤƳҩۣҽҲǸ߳ĳϼҼ֮⣬ȷЩѰġ
Ҫֻ¹ƣǱ㲻ֻǱô򵥣ֻһ֣Լ׼ͷϼҼָˣֻһݺƴǺ۵ĹƳ棬ƱҪúõ
ȷһʧ
ϼҼ龫֮󣬾ֻƳȥ

ǲܷʲôԤҩҲûйϵˣ
ҪˣԣֻһЦϼҼҪٲֻ֣ƴҲǻͲסֵġ
ǿûôʱ˷ѡ
кܶ鶼ڵֻƴ˴
Ǳúõȥ磬ǲϼҼʧģֻٿ̧ͷڵ˫ĿζĿƴǣݸЦЦ
Ȼƴͳͬʱֽϵֻǰá
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㿴ô˵ģ
˵䣬ƴȻе̯дҲɼǡ
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ֻݣһ˫ˮĿҲŽǡͽ㴫ģ
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˵鵽ЩйعƳϣ鲻ϸ˵лᣬǴųȥ֮ţ뾳ʹһͬо
˵仰ʱƴϵЦҲǷĵġ
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ƴ˴ġ
û뵽ʱȻ˳Ľķֺʹ㣡
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ƴǿˣҲǲԸġ
ҪȣٲԸ⣬Ϊֻպ°뱲ӵҸ룬ƴҲǱԼȥᣬȻڡûô⣬һлϣ
ҽ߳ģֻǻһˡ
ĽĽףܡиˣֻû¶ݰˣ
ƴǺ˽Ľ׵Ը񣬳ĽǸҽżԣͼ̵ҩգžԵİֻʲôʵԵĽչǶȻ㼤ðűϼҼֵΣգҲҪ˴ŵƴǺֻеġ
¡
Ľ׺Ҳǻᵣģֻƴǻڲѵ£ʲôѵѡɣ
Żǰ˳һŶ裡
ֻĿ⾪ϲĽǧӼ͹УĿ˺üۣԼۻˣ̫ƴǡ
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ƽķޣƽĻϣ򵥲Ըˣĭһ𵽰ͷƽƽҲûʲôֻҪʵһģûʲôǰȥġ
ƫƫֻƴݳ޵ֻŸһصͷΣ
һ֮Уʵ˶ζʲôζš

1244 Ļ

1244  Ļ
ƴǽ⿪ƳΨһᣬҲƴǱˣһһλᣡ
ֻȻûֱӺƴ˵ƴҲֻǰװʲô֪
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ʵ˵ȴǱѹص޷
ֻҲӲͷƤƴϹƳԼϣԭȥˣ롭ھȻǽźϢ
ϣԶǧ֮ĳĽҲŴ˺Ϣ
ҲƴǾôĲȴҪ룬ҲϣƽһЯֵϡ
ֻͻȻˣʱ£ҪǻܳɹץǸƵˣҵ⿪ƴڹƳİ취ֻ̫ԲδԽĻˣ
ֻСĽ·Żصƴǵǰ
ƴȻҲǸźܺãЦֻͬţȻܶҪ¶Ѿ͵뾳УΪ˶ĿһЩԵҲҪݵҵǰģ
Ȼǻ˻ɣߣЩп޵¹˱ǴĵҪ̽ҲǻȻζǵҪϢҪݹʱ򣬶ԷҲǻɾģ
Ԧ֮ˡ
ƴǺֻڵģϼҼĵϣҪϼҼһЩӣһЩӸĻҪҪƴŵʱʲôʲôʵĻǻϼҼġ
۷ܲ󴫴Ϣһá
ֻĵ˵ͷȻ򣺡ԭ
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ҲرҪҪ˵
ƴѾ˵ԼҪ˵Ļ֮󣬱Ŀ⾼Ŀֻȴֻ֮ǰ˵Ҫ顣
ҵ֪йĸˡ
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ĸ͸ʱǿôЦúϲ£죡
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ƴȴšüƺǴֻĻץࣺĸĸϢ
Ϊ˵ĸǻϵأ
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пϼҵˣϼŲΪ֪һιԵֻǵĴϣŵģȴҪæƴȥѰҽƳİ취ҪҪҵйԼĸ׵ġ
ûԸ⿴Ź롣
οԼ֪ĻǱʵһŮĲТĵطˡ
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Ȼأƴ۹ɻ󣬼ĿصƳֻƴҲû뵽ֻĸ׾ȻǺϼҼйԼģҺûһģҪһĻǱǲֻϸĳˡ
ϼҼҲȷǸֵиˡ
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ƴǺ֮£ֻĿڵ˵Ȼʱˡ

1245 ĸ

1245  ĸ
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ǸԺ棬ĵǰ㳡ж׳ۣÿˣõϼҼɫȴûһ취ģ
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ץԵĽ˲ϵֱۣǿЬ˴
ʱԺյģֻľһڰɨԺ䣬ǿ˾һ㣬ĳľڵķȥÿһѪԽ˷֣ɫҲԽĲҰ
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1246 ĺ

1246  ĺ
ҪȥסǽǰľޣϧԼȴԼŲĿ£ÿһڼ尾жȹģľޡľ

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ں׼ʳĺģľ˺ѷεĽкʱ򣬵ĵһæĵǰԺ飬һֱĥĥŲĶҲǸŻŵǰ
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Ϊʲôȹȥ˵
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ԭǴȥһϼҵĴģȴߵ˰·ϱֱӶס˽Ų
ȥϼҵĴʲô
²иֳɵ𣿣
ŻʺҽҲǺܸ߳ģһʺǵжԵĹϵҪȻҲҪʺȥ㱨ģֱӱȥһʺʺǸôʺҲЩ¾ôȥԸ
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ԣֻƴ໥һֻۣ˸ŵĿŶô£
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׻ţϼҼĵϣҲϼҼŮҪĳʲô飬ϵĻֻֻƴãҲϼҼѵĻᡣ
ǵŵģڱ˵ĵϣĵƺʵҲϵӳӲӲǿ϶ҪԿġ
ֻ֮ƴҲҲûıͷӦã
ƴҲȻصġ

1247 к

1247  к
˿첽ĳԺ汼ȥʱѾ˴ϵĺȴüľޣСĿڣ죬ǿЩúõʰһ£Ȼ˿Ļǲý
ϺϺѩ鷳ϾϵˣϵڵʱôãϾ˿һǽ壬Ǻܺý͵ģ˵ǱϺϺѩ˸Ūҵģǹôûʰǹŵġ
Ȼǹģô˭ֵܷϺϺѩ⽫Ŀţ
ȥҪõģϺϺѩҲǿƵøɸɾ
ʱ򣬼ίҲҪӲȥûбİ취
ľصĵ˵ͷͺһ˵ĶѸ٣ܿı㽫һƬǽʰ˸ɾ֪ˣǿɣ
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ʰĲʱ򣬶Ѿֻƴ˽š
ĺľ޼ϼҵĴֻƴǵʱ΢΢Щȵģֻһ˲䣬˱ĳֻƴ밲
μϣμʺ
ɣƴɫȻֻҲǽôˣ˵صעǷڴϵϡ
ƴǿһĹŮֻǿ첽ĳŴȥֱ֣üĵĴ
ʱ㰲ƺֻԼһЩʹʹĽĳûĳŶڣ˵ҪȥϼҵĴ𣿡
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ֻǵжԵĹϵǴһߵʱʱֻΣֻǻһЩ˵ģвǻɥ
ʱǼŮҲҪܴġ
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˦ڻʺͻϵϺҲûа취ҲС
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ϧʱȴûһ˹ʶѣȴʹĿԼ裡
޲ýǧУ
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ĵûע⣬ֻǴҴҵѯһ¶֮󣬱ֽǵĿ˴ϵϣŵȴǵѹ֮һҪȥöһϼҵĴǸӵıգ
ãֻصķſ֣վƴǵǰ
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ĺľ޵ˣҲǽŵĸֻ󣬵ȴֻĻش
ֻŵ̾˿ϵıǸӣ˼Ƭ̱˵Ϲܡպ󶼲кˣ
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պ󶼲кˣ
ֻ˵仰ʱ򣬾ȵĲֻƴǣľ޶ҲǸ𾪳ֻΪһ仰Ů˵ǶôĲ̡
ΪһŮˣȻԼĺˡ
⡭
һʲôĥ
ο֮ǰôеϣԼǿкӵģڹԭǸܳĹҪûкӣǳڹС
һʶڴϣ֪֮пʱ򣬻ܲ˵ıɣ
ĶʱЩͬĿŴϵˣľ޺Ͷȴ룡
ֱ˵ľͲֽкˣ
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ЩȱµҲȫӦϣôеҪӣƫƫͶⱲӶкӣǻ
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ľһ˫۾๾ת
ԭָŸгͷ֮գû뵽ڵȻһµĸжĸƾӹģ֮ǳûôˣ
ԼߵĻԼǰ
ľΪԼǰ;İ
ƴǡ
Щ⣬Ϊʲôö˶Ȼᷢ顢
֪ƴɻһ㣬ֻ׵ĻͣרҵϹ֮ǰ̥ŮӵʱһΣղ飡

1248 е

1248 е
οϹӱǽټϵϼҼϹ̥ʱ·ѾܴˣϹ˵˱󡭡
˵ֻ۹ⲻɵ˶ϣ̥֮ǹǲڴϽã
ڵĶٵеı飬װѹصĵ˵ͷǵģﵱಡãӸĲС
˺Щҩſĵס˺þõʱ䣬ӻָֻ಻ҲҪ˳ֻĻ˵ģοⱾ࣬ȻҲûʲôˣ
Ǿˡ
ֻĿǴδ̥Ϲ˵ѾǼյˣ
ܹһѾʵףҪ˵ϹǸҽĸ߳ϧ
ֻҲǺܶģȻϲǺǵжԵݣͬŮˣͬǿĸ׵ˣдһĸǿ϶ûġ
Ժ󶼲ˣֻҲǶʱпǧЩϧģ
ϧ֮ȴûܺúõı壬ĸйصײôһײ֮󣬱ԭͺԽѩϼ˪ŻᵼѪֹ״ڣǴɶԻ췦ˣ
˵һִĻ;̥Ŵļֲôḁ̃·̫󣬵ӹǺģúõŵĻٹ꣬ȫ׵Ļָ֮󣬺úõҩţһԣǲһ㶼֪úõİϧԼ塣
ԼôӹѾҲܲסκεĴˣȻԼ
ΪԼܵ˱һЩΪϺϺѩΪһЩȻϧݺݵԼȥײӡ
ںˡ
ûܽȥϺϺѩùȥԸԼ塣
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ٷѾĻҲǲкˡ

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޾ԣִҽѧҲǾ漣֣ⶫ˭˵أ
ֻҲȻҽ˵ġ
ǿϵҲֻҪ漣ֲſˣ
ֻҡҡͷһ̾Ϣϵûʲô󰭵ģһҩŸץҩͿˣֹסѪûˣ飬ҲΪˣ
飬ָǡ
Уӣ
ƴü˵ͷҲȷǳ˵֮ˡ
ֻ׼õıʣˢˢˢֽдһҩݵ˺ĵУʾƴǸһ뿪ˡ
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ŻȥֻƴǣĴĹֻƴǵ󣬵ֻƴǵӰʧ֮ڵʱ򣬺ıŴ
ҩҲǽ˶Уץҩͼҩ»Ҫ鷳ˣ
ϼҼǺܳԿǲϤΣһ֪дĿץҩ
ҺûнҲºִˣץҩ˶ûС
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ãȥˣǺչ˺ɣȻһ˿Ц֣صĽҩ˹ת뿪ˣһûп
ת뿪֮ľ޺ɵŶ뿪ķǰ˺ĵĸǰģûз֣еֵġ
ľްһºĵӡ
վԭأֵĿľޣôˣ
ôˣ
ľüĽ壺ǡ
ҪԺ˵ʱ񲻶ԣصоȻûаź͵ǵģĺԼȲϣʵЩ֡
ǿǴСһ𳤴ģ
¶ǲϣȴҲǲòϣһ㲻ôŬǱȲ϶ģҲǡǡΪһ㣬ѵСһ𳤴ĹϵӦú׽
Ϊʲôܾö֮롣
񡭡
ӶС̫֮ʼģ
ôˣΪʲôԭǺúõߵĴŮȴͻȻһ̫ء
ҲǲԸġ
ǰĿǰеϣϣָܸһüλû뵽ûܳأȷˡ
Ҳľ޵˼˸ı䣬ܽĲٽеϣϣӦĸԼһ·ҲΪ뷨Ĳľ޿ʼԿ͹ߵĽǶȿʼúõӶ֮Ĺϵ
ܾЩԾ
ѵ
裬ʾģ
ʱ޵棬ҲֻһƵ˶ˣ
ʲô
ڸô꣬ȴû˸³Ǳˣ

1249 ʺ˵ʲô޶

1249 ʺ˵ʲô޶
ֶκĻһֱ򵥣һľͼʶҲ֪顣
֮һֱװ֪ΪҪڹȥһС׻ǾԲеģôҲҪǺվȽŸʲôľ˶ĵġ
žδЩ̫ˣ
ԼʮѾ߶µȥ֣ô̵ֶΣǱҪˣ
ҪԼأ
һԼߣǲǼʱǶ³ҲΪԼģ

У
ɲͶһһ̫У
ԲУ
뵽⣬ľ޲ɵô˸սϵıӿֻˣһԵĺĺãȻ
ľޣľޡ
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ĵûע⵽ϵı龿ǲ֣ǾľǹֵֹģԴ֮󣬱ǻĲɣҲ֪дʲô񷢴
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һԹеĺģľѸٵҡҡͷԼķֺ뷨ѹȥҲǻæ֮һĨεЦݣû
ûʲôҿ˰ɣ
ľεЦЦǲȥͺľ飬ᶫûиı䡣
ֱתĴ齱ߣǻаϴһ°ɣܲһֱùôȾѪܿͻˣʱҩþͺˣ
ԣҲͬĵ˵ͷҲֻˣ
ڵǵģŵʱûеĳһŮǴ˵Ļ໥ල໥ȶԣʲôС˼Ҳ̫ˡ

ʱֻǴһŮĻҪǴźĻãǶľޡ
ǿɾǺֲܿˣôĶ֪˰ɣ
ľͻȻԼҲӦüȥԼѰҳ··ˣ
ɲ񶫶Ϲʮ֪꣬ʲôúͶһ̫׵³
ľЩĲɡ
ԺӵֻȴĿ֣صĿƴǣʵ֮ԻˣһҪԭ򣡡
ԼͶˣϾһܵ飬ƴǵǰ̹ȻȴҲǲĹŮǰ͸¶ģȻȥԶӰ졣
ԷԼͶϣԼҲöԷġ
պ˭Чң
ԣʱԺʱֻûнеȫ˵ġ
ƴǣķеʱ򣬾Ѿֹֻ񿴼ֻ˵ҲǾվһԵȴֻĿڡ
ΪǸʲôϼҳϵү֮ġ¡̫ˣЩˡ
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˵ЩҪѰβ˵ҽҪóģҲ˳ΪʲôɵģΪ췢ͬÿ˵ṹҲǲͬġ
ǱȽϽģӹڣܲð˺
һȥʱĶҲЩ³˺
⼸ԭۺһ𣬲ǳ׵ı硭
ֻĻƴϵıǷḻʡ
Ȼ
֪˵ʲôźˡ
ԼĻʺԼ㹫ȻԼĹεĸԼñӵģñҲͰˣҪ˵һǺӵĳߴ硭
еϧʱûоӵģȻƴһܿԼϵıǶôȤ
ꡪ
ֻƴģ̲סЦ˳ϣ檿ûб˼ֻվҽߵĽǶȣںƽĲŲ˵״ģûд˽
ôǻ飬ͳ޹صġ
ŲɻԼ
ƴЦЦš
˵ģֻ˱죬ƴҪž͹ˡ
Цݾ֪϶ǲŵġ
ǲƴǺŶһ㣬ֻܶС˼ֻɵ֮£ٶظһ顣
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ˣƤˣ
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˶ƴϣƱ䣬ڳֺ֮˳ᢣĵǰ㣬ƴǵһеʣֻֻףƴҲһŵˣҲǻ˵ЦԼ뷨˼ˡ
ܶʱ˽˵ʱƴǱԷжΪصҲǸ¶ɬһ㣬ֻʱǿ˼Ľһ㣬۳磬
û
ϼҼڵǸأȥˡֻŵĿûƴǣڡ
ƴɷµ֣صͷǣ
ʺ̻壡
ƴǺֻЦŵԶȥҲҩдű˼ĳԺȥ
ɡ
ûֱȥץҩ
ɡǱűȥġ
ֻһΣȥҵģֻƴǣǡϺϺѩ
кӵϢǶôִ̼
ǲֱ֪̫ϧ̫˷ˣ

1250 úϢ

1250 úϢ
źĺľӣûðɣ
Ҫ
Ǿ̫ϧˣ
ȻһϢ
ôƱҪ
ƱҪһЩֶ̼úõĸ֪򣬶ԲеϢ
ݹڵڵЩˣ
ǿˣʺȻҲǺ봦ɱϾʺ˾ӣֻĺȥ߼ֶεģҲȻ涯ֽţϾʺǸҽµĴ
ָֻҲֻʣϺϺѩͲأ
ʱеĺϢ߸ϺϺѩϺϺѩ˻ԼҪʱ򣬱ǲԼôԼ׸ȥʲôˣ
ĿһݣŲҲɵüӿĳϺϺѩԺȥ
պϺϺѩҲǸոױ׼ȥĲʹ죬պÿҪ鶼ȥˣǡֻ˵ˣҴǻع򣬱Զͣˣ
ʲô
ȻĳϺϺѩ˺ǲõҲ˲䱻ƻˡ
ǵҪŻǲԼߵѾ߹µģȻҲûкĿŶȴһ㶼գԼ֪ΪʲôϺϺѩԼûĮ
ϺϺѩԽԼ̬ȶӣԽˣΪҲζţϺϺѩǺ֮ǵģŻݼڣߵѾ߶ݲ£ôƵأ
С㣬ѩС㣬ū澶ǷλСģҪҪ֪λС㡣
ϺϺѩŭûȴӭ֮ϣֱӵ˵ǰ񣺡λС㼴Ҫū澸ߣҲū뽫ū澵֪λС㣬ʱλСҪū澣Ҳǲǣ
ϴŹ˳Цݡ
ϺϺѩ໥һۣȻŶ³ʲôҲȷ˵Ȼ˶ѾˣһҪ˵ʲôҲǲС
ðɣ˵
ҵʱ䣡
Ϻ˶һۣϺѩһԸͣһԽûһģ̳ģһģһ
λСǹĲ죬λС뿪֮ԼݺݵײӽǣԭҪݺλСģǲ룬ǹȴǰʯͷԼĽˣûݺλС㣬ǡ
΢΢һЦһĨζĻȣǽԼӸײˣ¡ѾȷΪٻˣ
ϺϺѩζԼںֻҪϺϺѩͿˣ
䣬㲻ȥϺϺѩ˵ɫǼ򵥵Ĺ˹뿪ˡ
ѾʣµľҪϺϺѩȥˣҪȥȥץҩҩģϾӻҪװһװģһϺϺѩûܽ򵹣Լܼߣʱ°ӣ
ԽԽÿġ
źð
кܶĵˣҪôϺϺѩãҪɣҪ̫ˣڻʹ棬Եľֻֻһˣοֻ󲿷ֵʱ仹æµԼͻϵϣ˲̫࣡
ֱӰʧǰ׵ĳԺӡ
ϺϺѩ˲ŷӦǺ֪ĵһ
˻
㣬ոնѾͷ˵ʲô˰ɣϺѩ𾪵ĿϺ񣬵ԺлǻصŶߵʱ˵Ǿ仰кˣ
𾪣ǻع֮ȴǿϲıˣ
ϼҼ֮ԻǲȥƴǵߣҪƴһӣȹڳ֮еĵλǸ˵Ҳһڿɵˡ
ûܵõƴǵĳ谮Ů˶ӵıҲûˣ
ڵϼҼǰʲôã
ǺͲµĸһ

ҵ찡
㣬үڰǣ³ɣɹ빬춼ҪǸ˰ϺѩЦͣ
ںˣӣǳ׵ľϼҼˣϼҼǾԲôѪôϵģô᳹׵ȡ֮ǰλãºˡ
һ빬ȥˣ
ǰ
ѩүڰأ
Ϻ۾Ϻѩ̬ȣϺҪֵĶ˶üҲЦݵĸˣ˭鶼Ҫ˵ġ
ԼûôжأԼĵ˾ԼԼˣ
˲Ű

1251 ȡʧܵĽѵ

1251  ȡʧܵĽѵ
ߣѩĺϢ˵ʲôҲҪԸ֪һϹģ̫ϧˣϺ񵱻ϣϺѩ־ĳԺȥ
·ϵʱϺѩ̲סпû뵽ѾͷǼô꣬ȻҲһѱ䣬Ҳ֪Ǽ˵ڹʲô飬Ȼǵ³
νǽƣҲζŵֻʣ˹¼ҹˣ
һôܻȥһȺȥ³Ȼǻˡ
ԭõһƣŶõĹ򣬱ڵ³
ϼҼʧҪϺϺѩСʮĶȻҲˣ˶ٵĻ£ôԴģŻöӡ
ǰԼܰɣϺҲŸп
˵ĴϺϺѩҲǾЩġ
˼һ˲㱻ѹȥˣأ֮˱пɺ֮ǹֲǵġ
ңǷǸֻǺݶˣǿһҪúõЦЦãϺƳһϺѩ֣صĽ̵ţǸʧܵˣǿܰӣҪɽѵǿܺһ³
֪𣿡
Ϻѩصĵ˵ͷ㣬ģף
˵Ĺ򣬽öѾЯԺ棬ʰĺĺľ޲ɵƤһʱһֲõԤУʱڳҩĶȴǳ׵ķ
ȻϺϺѩûԼʧô鷳ˣ
ҴҵĽϼҴץЩҩҩ¯м֮͵͵ĵ˷ſ͵ȴϺϺѩö䣬ȴץȴΪǷŭģ
˵Լ̫ʱֳһ
ļȣЩȲأ
ĺľȴǻֲ̿ѣϺϺѩ̤Ժӵһֱ̣ӳϺϺѩȥ˻ûн֮ǰɹĽ˸棺λС㣬ǹ˻ԣʵܲʲô̼ģλ̧֣ʲôѹ֮нɣ
ͨһĹϺϺѩ˵ǰûа취ıϾȹˣҪľ޲ŹµĻпҲ̫ÿ
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˻ԣѹ֮
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ҪǸҵģôܵȥָ״̬ȥĽʵ
ȻǴ̼ǾһҪ죬֪ʱŽд̼Ѿ֪ˣǻʲô̼еűأ
ÿ
ϺͺľŮϻ
Ҫ˵ʱֵָֻŵָǣ
ôҪʲôҪȾǵͬ𣿡ϺѩǸϡ
ǺȴǺĵҪסˣֻǹٶƵ˵ǰ̬ҲǲıλСˡʵڲʣʺϼͣλСȥɣ

ϺѩȻûģ˭ǵĹأ˵ʱǲķݶ
ţǿڻϺͻʺķϣϺϺѩǿԲĶº֣ʱΪǹǺĺľأ
ѾߣҲʹˣô
˵ĹϺѩѾźĹ˹ȥ
ͨ
˵ϹŵĺĵĿڴϺѩ䣺㣬ֻǾ棬㻹ǲʶ̧ٵҪǵĻǾͲҪº֣
Ȼ
Ϻѩ书ߡ
Ȼ
Ϻѩֲʮȥġ
Ȼ
ϺѩҲ뺣ľôˣһƣȴҲҪ۵ֱð亹
ȴǾǿҪϺϺѩ˵ǰҺľۼֿģֱӽĸסˣһԶĸϺϺѩ·Ҫɲľȴǵ͵͵ںĵĶ߿˵
ɣ
Ƕ书ģǽұ˿¶סģνʶһ㣬㽫·ÿƤ֮࣬ʱҪҲˣôһԺ˲·һ
ľȰο
ǡǺȴЩĵġ
ľȴƳһϺϺѩ˵ıӰĿڣ㿴ļƣҪװݵ𣡡

1252 ʶʱΪ

1252 ʶʱΪ
Ҫٰ׷ˣҹҲֵǶôͷεģ
㿴Ҳû˵ʲô
ʧ֮ľޱ㲻öôĿɺˣµôס
ǱϾûԶĳˣҲûԶѣֻԶ档
ǰϣܳ裬òֱźϼҼΪ֧ŵģڡľ޵ı˵뷨Ǹֵˣô߻һΣյ飬ӦһЩĴ㡣
ʶʱΪܣҪΪ˹ϺϺѩִ̫ʶ̧ˣʱۺʹɶҪԼܡ
ֵ𣿡ľȻЩǽͷݣǹؼʱ̻ǿĺģס
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ľ˵һ㶼ûд
ǺǳֻǸĵˣʲôλñҪʲôλø飬ûԽǾְأ˵̷ʱҲ࣬ҲȻûбҪΪȥȥϺϺѩ˵ġ
ҪǵǱϺϺѩ˸ǿɾֵ̫ˡ
ļﻹмõܵҪԼٺ»չˡ

뵽⣬ĵĿбΣȴҲֻε̾˿˵ͷðɡ
ľ޷ʱ̹ע߶ĶҲǲɵһҪǺ¶Ĳð죬Ҳǲֳģ
ڲһˡ
ܣߵŮԸȥȥֻʣ˹¼ҹһһϢڴϡ
µѪȻǱĺľްæˣȹϻǻѪֻŷöõҩܾ֮ŵȴҩЧֹѪ
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ܵУȴǻЩϣġ
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ϺϺѩ˾͡ˡ
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ġſ׵ĴǣҪһºĹô¶˭֪ȴûиԼӦ
ЩŮҪ췴ɣʹҲͰˣһĺľȻҲǲӰ⻹ûأ
ҪǷԼȹѪȴѸˣŵҶֻʵʵɻص˴ϣ۵ʱȺӰȴþ
ӭĿ⣬öˡϺϺѩˣ

ϺϺѩʱʲôҪǲǱû
ʱȻ֪Լ״ֻԼͨˣŶȥǰžģ֮һҪȥϺϺѩҲʹ졣
ϺϺѩ˲֪θ룬ǹǿݵı֪һûʲô¶
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Լǵͷ״̬ˣȻҪƱˡ

ϺϺѩѾ첽ĵǰڴֻǱڹӲдϺϺѩбԽʹ죬̲ס
ǴϵȴĮĿϺϺѩˣϵʹװޱӣĮĿϺϺѩˡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôǾýϺϺѩЩ̫һǿԼзǶ˼ֿġ
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ʲôֵÿĵط
Ǹ˵˵һһףϲûûܳڶû뵽ϺϺѩ˻
ϵʹ֮һҪϺϺѩ˺ÿģ
ʲôﲻӭǣǳȥ
ǳ⣬Ǹոһ˵ˡ
ôͺˡ
ôǣ˿ںۡ

1253 Ҫ˵

1253 Ҫ˵
浹ЩܹˣȻЩңǺôҲġ
ֻҪԼɫ࣬ͻæԼ¡
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ֻǵ͵͵ĵЦȻ̲סķЦ
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µ㾹ȻŽǳȥ
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ǣҪ軹ǻԼԺȥ裬뿴ǣϺϺѩЦЩţǱЦЩ
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ǲ룬ôԵģϺϺѩͺû¶һŲߡ
ӲЦ˺һſֹסЦݣǰǰϣǺô簡
鶼ڵ̶ֳȣ㾹ȻҪǳ磿
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ϺЦŵģڿһ˲䣬üۼıȴ˲Ŀֱ֣ǣס°ͣǿͬԼֱӡ
Ϻ־ʮ㣬ʹ˵仰念ʱ򶼲ϺĶ֣οȹϻϵѪһ¶Ѫˡ
㡭ſſ
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ϼҼˣ׻ǹϺϺѩĳѾͷˣȻҶԼôţ
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ȥ
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ҪѿڶҪȥˣ˴֮ıˣҪȥˣ
ţȴûж󣬴ϺֱϣʹģϺ񴽽̲סһĨĻȣĿҲĵǱ䣺һµĸȻֺǵǰҫ˭
Ϻָ޲Ҫֱӽ°͸һ㡣
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һ˫ӯӯˮӣҼֲô˶ϲˡ
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װģģҪȡ˭ͬ鰡
㣬պʵһ㣬һǻһ·ģ򣬱ǾôֱӵİˣҲû˸˵һֶ
ǧ谮Ϲأıе֧أ

ϺҧǴ³ôһ֡
䣬ǺݺݵĽˤһԵĴϡ
ϵʹԶԶģ˲÷ϺԼ³ĶɵֻۣľϺ񷽲ŵǼ仰档
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˵˭أ
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ϺںԼЦǣ
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ݺݵҧ޲ýһǻҧˣ޲ǰȥ˺ϺſɶĸǿҳԵģǻȴǲ˵
ڮ˭أ
ϧʵ֧ŲסֻŵץµĽĿԹ޵ĵϺϺѩȴģǺ˵
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Ǻ˵
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ûԭʧѪɫɫԽĲ԰ףһŰֽһ㣺ǹھ͸ȥ
ҧһָ̧űߵλãŭյĿϺϺѩˣǣǸȥ
ǰҲǸģôؾȻĺͿ

ϺϺѩֻ÷ʹ졣
ˡ

ҪЧ
ɣŭɣ޵ҧгݰɣ
ͶˣǾҪŭģźã
˵ĻǼ٣㲻Ǻ𣿡
Ѳ㻹Ҫˣ˵ǻҪƭǣ


ϺüЦŵĿ˺ѷεĳ˵һĴ

ֻǼ仰ǳ׵ɾ

1254 ˰

1254 ˰
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Ǻ𣿣
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ʵţҪϺϺѩ˵ǰ侲Ļ棬ȴǺϺϺѩȻȴҲƽ޹ʵõԼǰЦ
֮ôԴģǲ֪ϢȴѾȷˣ
ټԼһֱѪڻδֹͣ
ĸ׵ˣµʲô
ҩСʱҲǺڵû٣ǱڸһЩˡ
ϺϺѩ˵ǰװֱ׳˺ѷΣ棬ȴԼƭԼġ
Ȼ
Ĳˡ
ʲôôͲأ
ȫָýɽȨƵĳ룬ô꣬ô꣬һֱڵӳ
ƴǴⲻҪƴǵĺǱ˵ġ
´ǰҲС
Ǹ˾УҺԼģͱûйϵġ
Ž۷壬˸ߴλ֮󣬱ԲҪˣֱºӵģ
ѾòˣΪʲô
ΪʲôӵȨûˣ
ʶ˫ָСλϣ˫ᣬǵĵһӱϼҼ֮ǰԹϺϺѩˣȴҪסԼۿоҪˮ
Ǻ˵Ǻ˵ģҲš
Ҳţ
˵Ĺ̲סǺۿĿϺϺѩˣþȫĳϺϺѩŭ
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˲ϺϺѩǲǿ뿪һűӣȹѪҡ
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ϺϺѩԭֺıЩ΢ʱԭԺ汻ľȰ˵˺ȴǻ̲סǰ棬̫ˡ
ǵϺϺѩ˺ȥȴҲǲ벻ʲôġ
һΣľҲûˣæźһ⿴žվſڴϺϺѩˣؿϱۣλС㣬ѵҪǰǾ𣿶ʲôô
Ū˭ý1
ϺϺѩϵıø΢ˡ
Ϊֻǻһȴû뵽ƽʱսǿȴǱС۾ôķӦ
һźĺľ޵ĿţϺϺѩҲ̫ζԭĴǽŴϱĿҲǴżֳɵġ
λСȻȥɣʲôʱպ˵Ҳ٣ٶȳϺϺѩ
ϺϺѩ໥һۣѾʼˣҲûмԺ桭ҲǺϣģҲǺܿɺ޵ģǴʱ˿̣ΪºӶȷʵġ
ϺϺѩϵЦݣһڴϺ޺޵εﳤȥ
ϺϺѩ뿪֮󣬺ĺľ޲ŸҽŵǰվЩ̣üͷĳȰ˵
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ڻڲУ㶯ŭĻԼӡ
ҩϾͻˡ
Ȱ˵ǴϵȴҲȥκεĻֻǷģһҪĨԼµѪ

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ΪŮˣǺޣҲͬǻ֮ĵģƲֻڵ֪ڵʱ򣬲Ҳʲôû˵ֱ
ߵʱ򻹰æҩ

1255 Ů˺οΪŮ

1255 Ů˺οΪŮ
ϺϺѩڸոյ֪еʱҲҪúõĴһģڼ˱״̬֮ҲǱûм˵ȥˡ
οǺĺľޣͺûʲô޵ġ
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֮ǰôɺޣڵȷǿĽġ
ǰȥƴİѾȴǣԼ˿ڣ۵Ĳɵõһȴ飬ŭĿֱɫʹĺĺľޡ
֪þˣȻֱӽǰԼĺĸ˦ˡ
ڱǰʵģ
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Ļúĺİ
ľһǸ˽ˣֻΪԼȥ˵ģźίģľ˽СҲǿȥģôôﺣأ
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ףѩ̿ѡ
ǰδŵʱҲŹܶū澣һЩϼҼˣҲŰ취նֶǶԼЧҵġ
ǸʱãѾͷЧԼʲôֻ֣Ǿ֮е顣
ԶԴǰµȥĺֱ֣ĥ˶Ŀ
û뵽
Ϊǵʱ򣬾ȻǺߡ
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ǱϺϺѩ˸ͿˣϺϺѩڵˣֲ书ôסأ
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ںĲûкһʶǴȵģѵĳЦЦūû£Ϣһ¾ͺˡ
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ȥչҪ˶ãͿֱӺĶԿˣ
Ƴһ۶ҪǻƽʱǲֶҲҪԹڶϣ䣬һΣȴʲôû˵ֱ˳ӺĵĶ˸ɾĴϡ

1256 Ǹ

1256  Ǹ
ҡҡͷеҩ˹ճһЩ״ﻹδأʲ׼õʳЩˣȽЩҩ£ȻūȥһȰɣ
Ľţǲ룬Ȼ˵ȴǻֱ֣ס˺ĵӡ
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ƣɲľҲǿõģκĻأҪԼûõߣǻὫԼ
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ڴϵ˵ͷľޱߣߵʱ򻹲ЦŵĿŶ߰ɶ㡣
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ܳʣҲԹޡ
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һʱ֮䣬ľҲ仰޵ᣬֽֽУƺҪԼȥů˫֣˵Цˣʲô˲˵ģֻūҪúõĻţҪúõڹŰˡ
һ̣·еĲͣϧֿ໥ȡů˰ˡ
ūûжʲôģΪܵã㽫ū˻ʹȻūȴԹū澵ĸĸġ
ĿĿ֣أϵı˵ޱȵϣǲū澣һӶҪū֮ǵܵÿԻġ
ūôңҪúõĻأĴҪū澺õ̫̫ˣǧҪϢĴۿл䡣
Ĵǰûбö٣ǺȴԹޣŻһֱƽģúõĻ˰ɡ
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ģһҪĶ㣬㡭һҪˡûȥشĵĻһٵǿҪҪߺģ嶯ˣԼǰһֱŵĵ׹档
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СʺﲻǶҽҽ߳𣬻ʺȻƳԤƳҩۣΪʲôֽⲻϵĹƳأ
ڹƳ棬ĶòǺܶࡣ
ʱ˿̵иɻģȴûżǾĵȴĽ͡
֪Ժ˵һʱ޷ܵ飬Ḷ́ҲûоȥͬĽģֻǵĽصͬĽǰҵһξ˻ϵʱϼҼѾԻ˹ơ
ʱ˿еǿĵģ򿪡֮һŽҩ
䲻ܳ׽⿪ڵĹƳ棬ȴǿԽ⿪һ룬֤϶ʮ
˫ץźģһһĶţ򲻵ѵʱǧá
ڹؼʱ̣һǲԸٹȥȡݻ͸󡣡
˵Щþе֮㺬޵ı۾Ըٿһۣ߰ɣǴ뿪֮ҪڹҪƾѡϲˡ
ڣҪϢһˡ

1257 ͻı

1257 ͻı
ڴϱźģ͸©
ĴֻеĪЩأ֮ǰ˵Щúľ𺳣ʱǻز
Ǽ㺣ʱ޷ЩжδģȴҲ֪еʲô̶ȣҪĶĲҪҪ»
ôͻȻԼһأ
ôĶϸǹԼŲǣԼʲô
ôڽһ㣬ĪúЩԤС
Ķū澲Ҫ
ɲ룬ûתźģҲ̬ȴǼģŰɡ
ʧƣܸĶҲˣҲǱһˡ
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վԭأζӵĿűԼһʱ֮˵ζ˼ãŻĿڣǡ鲻ã㽻ū澱ܰɣʲôʱҪˣֱͬū˵һūٸͻ
ڹеһֱõģòЩ
ǹ߻ƽ˵ģҪȻɽɽԼҲûеطŸв̤ʵ
㡣ϵǵۼˣҲûٶ˵顣
ڣûзҩµѪҲǽֹסˡ
ǵĿ⣬õöصԼĻУʲô˺Ͷʧ
ĲĴϢҲ㲻ٶ˵˷ʱˣϢˣǵýҩˡ
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Ѿ˾
ϼô꣬СĴһŮ˺ԺյϹ
ЩûܳΪʺźǵ˵пţǳɹģߵÿһҪ˸ŬСĽ
ϼҼԵգ
ҪûмֱºͱסĵƣǶȻеġ
֮ǰϼҼովƴֵʱԼ·
ƴйƵʱҲȡһЩѪ
ܶ˶ԹƳĪùƳĪ⣬Կһ˹Ƴ棬·һǿžϼҼ򽻵磬ôܲ˸۸Լ
ʱ򣬶෬̽ƹƳİ취ѰҽҩΪģڹؼʱԼһ
ҲΪиŬ֮£֪ˡܶϼҼ֪ܡ
ƳĽİ취
ϼҼֻƳ޽ģֻҪ˹Ƴ棬ҪһԶƳٿأŽҩܻһʹȻҪƳģĸĥġ
ȴ֪
Ƴнİ취ġ
нİ취Ϊ֡
һҵĸƣȻɱĸƣĸôڵӹƣҲ߶ǲ˶ֱ֣ѪҺͨų⡣
ûκεĺ֢
һְ취ǣ¹˵Ѫ
õ¹˵ѪֶƳҩ裬ǱܱйƵ˶ʮɡ
ʮ꣬˵ܳĪ˵һӣ뱲Ӷ㲻ϣ˵Ҳ̣ǺúõúʮĽҩʱ䣬ͬǿԽһӹĺܾʡ
ԭһҩ衣
Լġ
˭ܱ֤ϼҼ᲻ɥĲһ죬ҲҪ¹ƣԼһ·൱ڶһ·ԡ粻עʱ͵͵ȡѪ֮һֱûжԱ
ֱٶƴǡ
ʱƴѾǵǸ׷ɱǵ꣬緢ĳĻʵۣϣʱ֮ƴ֮ˡ
ƴˣҪΪԼɷˣ¼ûǸŮܶסջͿܵģҲˣҲͨŮˣû˿⡣
ƴǡ
һϲ
֪ƴǵֻģҲҪֻҪƴǵߣǳ綼л߽ƴǵ棬ԡ
ƴûаԼӭȢԼΪʺԸƴǵߣûϼҼϼңҲԸģΪ檡
ٷⲻĹжֻ檰ˣޣԶҪһȣԣ˾檶㲻ϡ
ôһ룬浹Ǻܶˡ
ΪǱΪɣ
ǵտƴǣŻġ
ˣɹ˹ΪƴǵϹ
⹬ȴǺȫһ
ƴǵֻֻǵҲݲµڶˡ

1258 ˵һûҩ

1258  ˵һûҩ
þеֶκͷϧȴƴǵĵĽ䶼߲ȥοҪռƴȫİºܲݵŵĵͼвջƴǣȴҲûܵõƴǵ׿ϡ
˵ĺܿЦ
֪ԼȥƴҲԸ⿴һۣ滹ǲģűЦӲȥ
˭˭ܸİ
ԼȾƴǵģֻΪʱԼ״ʺҹƴǵߣԲûиƴһ𸴹ΣŶŶҲԡ
һòϡ
ʱҲϲƴǵġ
ֻϼҼ˳ֽƴǾȻˡ
ҲԸȥһһеǰ̫ӵߡ
µֵܹ˭أ
ҲǱӦɣ
ӦѾĻҪõƴǵİȴӵûˡ
ã
ţǿԼŬƴǸı⣬ϲֻϲԼ߲ôġϲֻԵϲԼһЩܸԼһ֮أôܡ
ԥĽԼǸƴǡƴǵĶʮ
ϧ
ǵڣҲûлӽƴǣǱҩ裬Ȼǲܸľôװ׵͵ƴǵеġ
ǱԼ˵Ѿûʲôôģɲľôװ׵Ľȥ
ȥд۵ģ
棬ǶԺΣѵʱҪһºĵģҪǸģȴҲɲԸƴǺֻƽĶա
ôĲԼѪϵİã
Բ
ԣڽĵʱġ
˵һûҩóһöҩʱƴǺֻҲƱػ˵ĻѻǸʱֻƴƱػΪһҩɽѹ𣬶ʹ࣡
ˣֻҪһȴ޷һĳʹ죬ȻϵҲûôˡ


ֻƴǣұҪܵҪʹ죬ֻǸһʹҵԵƽ⣬ֻдһŹƽ𣡡
ǰɹ
ôڴϣ͵͵Ц˳ЦĪЩ죬Ҳ֪˶ãֹסЦ˵أһԵҩҩ룬Щҩһ
ڡ
ҪȥЩҩܾĻָӣŲҪôڴϣ˵ûУǲǵ
ҲֻԼɱԼ
ûɱ
ûˣ
۵ذ籡
һТһ˿ľĹǰһԵĶҷѾ
һɽ֮УöҴԪҵļҲɥȪɥµģʮҡ
𺳺Ͳ̵ĳ̶ȣ֪
ڵϵͦΣ˵ʧʹޣǸļǿֻһ˫ɺ첼˺Ѫ˿ȴûмεᡣ
Ŷҽڰɥµʱ򣬱æҵڶ˸Ÿ˹
ǿĶۡ

뻺ǰҪȥοһ¶ȴֶ̧ԼЩҪοĻҲû˵ڣ˻ȥ
µ񣬰οҲûʲôˣ
˽ⶫ׵ĶµıζҪ涫Ҽľĺͼᶨ
ĵǶǱ㲻ӦֻǷڿͷİοеվڶԣͶһ𣬹ͬĽǱ¹Ƶļ˸ҳ
Ȼɱ
涫Ҽ𣬲ôȥĵӱѩޣ
ţҲһ仰δ˵ֻǴӭĵӵнӹТԼϣȥ㣬Ŀͷ֮¯С
ߵ˶ǰصĶļ뿪˶ҵĵؽ硣
̫ѹ֣Ǹÿʵˣϲ𣬸ܲ˿졣
ÿı˵ķʽͬÿ˵ΪҲһ
Щھʱеȴ쳣侲
Ī
㲻ܹ⿴ű˵ı;˼ǲĲѹġ
Щʱ뵽ǲҪ˿ġ
Ϊ̫ʹ
Ǳ˿ˣ֮нʹƿ̺ۣ¶˵ǰ
˶ѡʹĬĬĲ˵ʱ͵͵һȥ͵͵
Ǻߡ
뿴˶Ǿ񣬲Ҹܵ˶Ҫ涫Ҽľġ
ЩĶҵĵӣǱֽڱ棬ҪйŻܶˡ
ÿ˶ǲһġ
벻ԸȥЩȥŶ㲵ӡ
ŲǼĹ򣬶Ǳ˸һеļֻ˲֪ģ

1259 磨1

1259 磨1
벻ɵ̾˿ȴҲֻεҡҡͷ뿪
ڣֻжԼ߳Լ˵İοֻǶʧĿġ
벻뿴ǿջЦģǱȿ޻˾ܡ
ֻƴǳԺ֮󣬱㳯ϼҼԺȥ
ʲϵʱϼҼ˹˵ֻƴôˣΪһһ֮ȴûܺúõдƴǺֻȷĲܵʧĵط
ƳһǱҲʱͻúõһֻƴˡ
ȻϼҼѾսֻƴҪǲӦĻᱻϼҼΪֻƴ˺һ
ҡ
ϼҼԼֻƴˣҲҪȥϼҼġ
Ҳһʱˡ
֮ǰһֱæµԤƳҩ۵飬ǽҩǻҩۣķ˲ٵʱ䣬ԣһ˸ţҲȫ޺ôġ
Ǳֻ֪˰ٻҶѹƹƳãʶ
֮ǰֻڸոռƴεʱ򣬺ľԼôʱҩģ֮˵ǿԿƴǵ֤ǣΪкܶζҪҩĵޣõѹƵҩҲֻôţάֵʱͶһЩ
ڲͬˡ
˰ٻҶ֣ǿԴֻܶȱ٣ʱѰҲҩģѩ
ֻ쳣ļ
ŲôҶоһ£ƳһЩҩ豣Ӧòɣ
ڵֻоƴһʱ䣬޷ҵ⿪ƴϹƳİ취ʱ򣬲ܰæƴٵʱ䣬ֻĪļ͸ˣ
ֻƴǶЯֳԼõĵطȥˣϼҼһصģȱ׼㲻ң㹻ʢľԲϰڷ˲ٵľµĲȡ
ϼҼɫҲڼȵֻƴ֮ϲЦտ
ϣûмӰʱҲӦǸڴϺúϢģ֮ǰһֱδϼҷ˴ڣϺϺѩöˣ
Ҳڣ
֪Ϊʲô
ֻͻȻƤһһֺܲõԤУⳡᣬ߲ƣһˡ
ֻʶƴǵֻ֣ܵĽţƴǵĿȺ˹ȥȺмźֻżƵ
ƴǵףֻΪ㵣ǣ˼ɵģԼǡ

ֻǳĻʺƴļϵˣݣڣϼҼ£ϼҼҲǶȻ׶ġ
ҡ
ֻƴ̤ŵһ˲䣬ֱͶԸƴǺֻˣȻȵڡƴǺֻҲΪ׼ϼҼˣŸš
ҲɵģҲƽ޹ʵĻ˹
ġŵֻƴǷֻֽ΢ЩָģͳɳƵҪֻģڡ
ƺƴǵĪħһ㣬ֻ굣ǵҲ㳹׵İĿƴǣֻǻһĨ΢Цصĵͷ
á
ƴǸֻһЦһĴǷ΢΢һĨĻȺЦ⡣
ʱ߻ƻ轫ϼ졣
ɫĹâƴǺֻϣ϶һΣƽ˼͵
ǰƥ䡣
ͯŮԵžָֻƴģ
ֻƴڴе˵ʱҲͬĿעƴǺֻ
ƴǺֻЯֻ߹һ˲䣬ԭкڴƴǹϺ΢΢һ
û
Ϻͻʺô䡣
ͻȻˡ
Ϊʲôֶκֻܸ߳ǰôôһͿء
ǻϺѩҲǼȥֻƴǵġ
ǵĸôĺá
Űĳֵġ
ͺƴǺֻ
ǵĸûд䣬ңеֻǽԷǰִš
İ顣
ƽƽȴҲҪͶԷصϵĸ顣
ݸֿܴ⡣
˴˵ֻб˴ˣȴҲҲݲκε
ʵ鱾Ǹ
һ˵ôСװ̫࣬᲻ظֻһˣģϺ֪Լ뷨жЦжȻ檵ʱ棬ţĿһһһ˫˵ģ
ϺҡҡͷԼ뷨ѹȥ
ֻƴǻδ߽ʱ򣬱ֱǰӭȥ

1260 磨2

1260 磨2
μϣʺ
ǳ׵ûˡ
ϼҼ֮ʲôû˵öûиǴˣ
źͳ׹ϵǲܶϵģû֮󣬱ֻʣϺϺѩˣºѡ·ضûˣϼҼϺϺѩҲܰˡ
Ϻ񿴶ɫĳӭֻƴǣԵԵۺ˵𾴡
Ͼ
ϼҼһǹˣΪĲսܣֻƴǵǰȴҪúõıֵģϾĿ빬Ҫ˵ͷӦġ
ϺѩҲϺ󣬹ĳֻƴ
ͬģϺϺѩ˵ĿʱֻƴǴͷϺϺѩ˵ЦԱò
ϼҼλףü֮侫˸˸ü֮һ˫ӸԵáá
ϣʺˡ

ССªȲûʹеЩ󣬻ʺͻҪª
ǺǺǡϼҼòֻдϣǱÿһϸڵУǴǰǰֻƴǵļţҲ֮ǰǸŵǹ̽
ڶãķĵǻӭֻƴ磬ŵڣ

ǸЩˡ
˲׵ȥš

ȻϼҼô٣ֻƴҲǲʧģЦ⣬ͬȰϼҼƴǺֻҲЦ˳ɵĺ󱲡
ˣԭʺðţͷչǶգʵˣôأ
˵ĹƴѾֻɹϼҼԣϺϺѩҲȺƴǺֻеƴǺֻ˲ˡ
ϼҼϺϺѩˣ֮ǰֻҪϼҼҲ֪ˣϺϺѩҪǿöġ
һ˻˵ǵõֻϿɵģ֮ǰֻͬ⣬ǸѼϼܣǰֻΪ˴µġ
֮ĲǴء
ŻϺͻʺһӣ
ϼҼȴ˻⣬Ŀ⾼ķֻϣƺǺܹеĿʵ
ֻ֪ϼҼδ㣬ֻüĽƬ̣ͷЦǣиӵġ
ϣʺֻǼ磬ϷҲǳõĴ󳼣һ仰ȴǲò˵ġϼҼָĿƴǺֻ
ƴǳЦϼҼ뽲
ж־ķοǹΪĻϣɺֻ֮лʺһˣǿ֦ɢҶҲ򲻹ģ÷ٲһ֮ʢ
ο³ȻĹʵǿ֮ףȴⲻĹҸŻϺͻʺϥֻһӣǽӵĵ˶ûУʵµϼҼЦ˵ʱϺϺѩת
ϷŮȻòлʺɫǣȴҲǲĿϺͻʺﲻҪ⣬úѩͺϺͻʺһͬȥ̷ڻϺͻʺߣԾϷԻϺͻʺɣ
ϼҼЦˬʣտڲᣬٶϺϺѩ˸ƴǺֻ빬顣
ºˣô֮ǰϺϺѩ˵ƴûܳɹҪϼҺŵĹϵƴǺֻ
ʵҲǲС
ˣֻǡ
ֻֻ֮ǰѾ˻ӦϺϺѩˣֻҪȥȥͬˡ
ԼŵϼҼҲ֪ģ֪ǰ£ȴҪᣬΪΣ
ԵЩ
ˣ
ֻо裬ƴü΢ֻͬĿ͸о˵УǲԼͬʵ˺֣ԭǴʮֵľ±ǲ˿ˡ
ֻȻںƴЦҲӦϼҼ⣬ȴǲԾһϵķ档
ֻġ
ϼҼǲЩ϶ֽţҪԼƴ¶
Ϊβ¹ơ
ֻΪǸĪĹƳ޵ģϼҼô׵йƳߣҲûǷȥ룬¶ֺǲܰ
ϼҼҲ֪ԼǶҽġ
һҽ߳Ĵǰ¶ǲе˵ˣ

1261 磨3

1261 磨3
ͷһΣֻϼҼΪЩͷԣ֪ҪʲôƬ֮䣬ľϵķ˿ĶѾֻźۼ˽ָһ¡
ûκε쳣
ˮҲǲֽŵġ
Ҫ¶
ֻнԼĻѹ£ȴǵЦŵĸϼҼĻ˵ǣԭҲãѩͺλֱϲǼڣҲҪλ󹬵Ĵ㡣
ϼҼҲ飬ǱϼҼֱ˵ף֮󱾹ͻ뿪Żع֮ʱϼҼܶλøǽ˴ȥԹǰá
˻
ϺϺѩ˻һֻĻ֮ĵĻϲ
ʺﵱ˵㻰ģ
֮ǰȥʱֱ˵ˣҪܸʹĻ빬ΪԭǵлЩôʹ˲Ϣ
ҲûüֵˣϺϺѩҲûбҪȥרŸˣ֪ʺﻹ᲻ŵԣǲ룬ʺﾹȻ˵㻰
ϼҼֻһ䣬ʺֱӵͷӦˡ
ϺϺѩеĻϲ̧ͷƳһֻԵƴǡ
ƴʼչЦݣЦŵĿֻֻĻڣʺ˵ʲôʲôʺǺ֮޵ĺ󹬽ʺûκε
˵
պ󲻹˭ҪҪȾֻͬˣ
ƴҲûзԵŵЦţĿֻ֮ϺϺѩ˵ǳ׵ķˡ
̫ˡ
û÷ʧǿ빬Ϊˣ
պ󡭡лĻǿԽӻصȥˣóΪȴҲǿ԰ƣ÷źϼҲڱ۸
µֻܵƴǵ׿ϣǾѾˣѹͲȥ롭ȻиӰĻһõ飡
лʺлϣ
ϼҼԽ̣ϺϺѩ˱֪ĳֻƴ񣬱һԵķҲǸ˵ĳϼҼƣһ
лϯⳡʸ񡣡
Щ˵ֻһϼҼֻƴȨ㳯ҰĹͣԼûʸԹϣһͳĻʺͻͬһϯ棬⻹ǶϼҼѡԼŮΪԼϺϺѩŮ
뵽⣬ʹ죬ƵʱʱĳϼҷƳȥ
ϼҷƼ˷ƵĿ⣬бƵĲһû
ҪжֽϺϺѩСȥƴǵ̷ģǶĵԼǰ˵Ǽ㲻ϺϺѩСҲǳɲʲôģʱϼҷû룬ɵĽ顣
ϺϺѩ˵ҪʲôǺ׼ʲôſϺϺѩ˵ЦǱƴǸ˻֮ܺúõЦһ
û뵽
û뵽ϺϺѩ˾Ȼô
û˼ҵ˻ǡ
ֻ
ŷϵĽ⣬ϼҷ˾Ļ󣬺޲úúõǰȥ˺ſɶ
ͬʱϼҷ˸ǿԼûϢŮʱֻøѻ
ߴߣˮʹ
˼ҲϺϺѩãҪġ
һĶҪΪ빬帣ŮˣֻǿһϵĶӣҪ޸˼Ҳɡ
Ҳ֪ôˣͷҲģ֪һ涼ʲô
ϼҷ˺ް
Լôûܶ
ֻһŮĶûϢĶӡ
书ΪҲӹӹµµָϵģû뵽ŮҲǸ׸ģ
ϼҷ˱ˣ
ϧȴҲĲɵģϼҷôݺݵʾɣɵ񶼲֪ӦһϼҷˣϼҷĲһˡ
Цÿġ
ϼҼܺãûоܾľƣǾƱӦŷһͬһ𣬸ֻƴ˾ƣһƵϼҷ˵ģϼҷ˲С檣
һϵ˿ƺƣʵȴǸǻб˼
ҲǾʡ
ֻǣЩ˵Уһ˵ĴڸȴǼ͡

1262 磨4

1262  磨4
Ҳǰֻһϸ£УûʲôģֻһһģĹԷĹμᡣ
˾ǡ

ϱ鵭ĮһϵȻָ˼ǺǺûʲôϵģûãǷϼҷǰ裬ҪָߵͣҲϼҼӡ
ϼҼһǿⳡһҪʱǻԼԺɹĲҩоҽҽأ
һʵԵ档
ֻǽʱ䶼һԼ˵ϣô䡣
һ㣬ΪϼҼʱѾˡ
ϼҼװŵ˲ܶô㶼ֻǸƷ
ϼҼΪʲôǿԼΪһΪԼòͽһޡ
ΪʲôӭȢϼҷˣôңҲΪǻüۻϣ˵ϣҵӰӡ
ϼҼϵģôֻԼŷӸԼѿˡ
ϧĹĿϼҼ˼ȴУΪ֡
֮ҲȴЩõԤС
ǡ
ֻƴҲڳġ
ҪԵʱϼҼûƳֻģ߰˷ֵƣ񡭡
Ǻƶˡ
ƶϼҼѾȷֻԼ֮ĹϵԲŻĽԼйŻôһ硣
üĽЩģϼҼϻĳ޵ı飬ȰЦݷ·ܸһִһ֣񱾾º͵ߵִ
ȴǺϼҼɽıԽƽͣҲŴʱѾ޵ҧгݣŭˡ
ϼҼڴʲô
ҪʲôֶȥԸԼֻ
ʹӣѹеԼϿʲô飬ȴʱʱǵƳֻڵķ򣬶ֻˡ
ڲ֪£һ۾ͷֱԼ֮ĹϵοϼҼأ
ôܻῴԼòƣֻһֱû˵ˣѵ
ֻͻȻɫһѵһ磬ҪԵˣ
ϼҼǽ0Լǰ˵ʵ򡭡ϼҼһֱڱŴУ֮ʱҪˣ
ǵԼǰ
ʱԼȴûκȥģ
Ƿ׷ǹʣҪֻԼĺӣŮôϼҼҲ˽ڼԼѣڱԼ׵䡣
ʱƴǶˡ
Ͼӻ𣬲ǰ¾ộϣϼҼ̫ĽںȥΪֻˣƴȻǻϣȴҲǲܵ˼ҵļ
һϼҼѪĲҪģ˵еΪ뿪ǸӸ˳ֻɺʸ
ƴǻϣҲܲܵ˼ҸŮϰɣ
ȻŮ˶֪ǲܵ飡
ֻĸֻة࣬Ҳֻةˣ
ϼҼȴںֻҪһڣһƺƴǵĽڣͶŮƴǵߣվǱȲһֻģҪǣסֻǾסƴǵ
ֻΪԼͻȻͷźܲõԤУƵƵʧƴǣȻƴҲǽյֻʾ⣬ĿһϢϡ
ȴڿٵ˼ŶԲߵġ
ٿء
ƴЦԽ䣬ʯһĿֱϼҼȻ˼֪ڵĹƳôˣ
Ϊ
ϼҼֻƴǷѣֻƴҲͬǿĹƳҵסϼҼ졣
ڵԵĵӿܻڹﲻ֪飬ΪһֻżȻⲻֻ֪ƴ涼ǺǺϼҼѲ˸ϵģ
ΪžֻϼҼһʶƵ꣬ƵҲֻϼҼһ˵ģ
˵ҲǾЩꡣ
ϼҼǶۻǶƴǣֻǲͬȴǿġ
Ȩֻɱ˵˫ۣǱäĿ
ǡϼҼѾֻǱȨɱ˫ֱۣǵɥĲĳ̶ˣ
ôĵӺ޹ƴǺ۶ϼҼ˵ֻ޹ؽҪˣҲͺˣڵĵȫѪװ

1263 磨5

1263 磨5
ǲͬ壬ų⼸Ѿǳˡ
˵Ĵ壬ʵȴǱ˴˵Ѫ涼ű˴˼Ѫģһˣ׽ˣЩ׽ϼҼµȥֵģ

ǵϼҼŸþʲôʽֻ鷳ôá
ƴǱùƳ齫ȻС
ʱϼҼĪĻţֻǽעתƵ˹ƳϣҲûʱžҪôݺֻˣ
£ƴǵĴǹһĨЦݡ
ǡ
ϼҼȴûеǰ㵣ǣĿ̹Ȼͬƴǿʼһ̸ŴʱƳҵˡ
ֻϼҼ磬üĽŵĿƴǣʱѹˣǱ¹ƵȴʼնûҵҶֳôص飬ҲŲˡ

ϼҼ̲ס̾Ϣһǲˣ
ϼҼ仰˵棬ļ岢ȥŹ磬Ҳǲϣܼȥˡ
Ƶֶζô߳ҲĹƳôԵ
ǲΪԼãǱǺôģ
۵ãҲͬõģԣκ˵϶ã
Ƴιֻ֮أͿȽֻƴǵһţȻרĳʱԸˣʱõĹƳãòĻֱЩĶһǸ죡
ֻǰ徻һĨȥ࣬ΪƽƻΪŵӢۡ
ʱ򡭡
ƿŵһ
ϼҼãƴʱϼҼҲͬʹڼװǡϼҼҲĴĵãʵǲӦٻˣ
Ҳʱˣ
ϼҼüĽ档
ǸƴǺֻˡ
ϼҼôˣ
ǵһûУĺƴ飬ǴȰĳһ㣬ƴƳʱϼҼϵı顭Ȼĺ¹Ƶûйϵһ㡭
̫˰ɣ
ҪִϼҼǴɵĽӰ۰
Ȼֱݼֻƴʶ˶ֱ治Ǽˡ
ֻƴ໥һۣһᾹȻһֹĺг֮¶ȹģΨϼҷ˺ͷǻЩˣʣµġ
ϼҼϺκεı飬ȴǳֻƴǲעʱ΢΢һĨЦ⡣
ֻƴŵʱֵôĹƳ棬ôϸİɫĳӣֻͼĳӰˣۿɼûʲôĴ£Ǿĸ߼Ƴ棬ȴȫһ
ǲ˵ھǱŵȴ¹˵һ˵Ż̬ı仯ı䡣
ֻƴ˹֮ǰϼҼֻʳ϶ֽţ£ǹƳɫζ͸״ֻľƱ֮УֻҪֻǱһǽƳֱӺȽ˶ӣʱ򡭡
㽫ϼҼòҩҲûйϵϼҼҲûϣֻܻȥ
Ҫĥ˲Ÿģ
ϼҼЦȴǿװ򶨵ģûб飬ֻһ˼Ҫֻ¹ƣǺ٩٩̸˵űĻɢעҲûʲô
ֻҪֻҪֻǱƣһб󹦸ˡ
ϼҼֻƴ˸˼һûһţֻǱʵϡ
ֻȴǴʮֵľϼҼǰжʲôֽţֻڱʲôֽšһʳõĲģֻȻûһֱϼҼϣȴ۽ǵҲתġ
ϼҼŴĿҲֱֻߵľƱ֮ϡ
ŷھһξƣϺϺѩֽھһξƣֻֻǵЦ΢΢ףƴƱӦǱ׼ľƣٳδ
ۼűҪϼҼĳȵǲЩǵġ
ϼҼɵʶüͷĿתֻһʼĬϣϼҼɵôǹд⡣
ϣʺʵ˵ҲһԵ֣֪Ϻͻʺûע⵽ϷȻԵͻʺģƣ

ϼҺͳԵְɣ

1264 磨6

1264 磨6
ȻֻǴӻϺСŮ濪ʼʺϣҲǴЩԵֵģ
ϼҼˬʵЦţϵˣȴı˸ɫ
ֻϵʧüš
ƴϵǿ飬һ˫ʯ˫Ŀȴ
Ƶϵɲü̧ͷ
ϼҷҲʱķԼ˽˶Թ𾪵Ŀֻǻ
񡭡
ô°

ֹ񰡣
ֱһģһòã
ֻֻҪż鶯ᣬϱǸĳȺµĻ
ôˡ
ˣΪʲôô
ʵ֮ǰϼҼһϼҷ˺ͷҲûĴɹòֻ֮
ֻΪ֮ǰʵ̫ˣǱϼҼͻȻȴҲֻһ˰Ĵĵطţϼҷ˺ͷﹴĶ˼ʮ꣬йʱȥ˵ȣҲûнĿϣȥֻĹϵ
񡭡
ϼҼĻ֮˵ĿⶼĿⲻҪһ㷢˺ܴˣ

̫ˣ
ôˣѲɡ
˻
ϼҷͻȻɴ˫𾪵Ŀ̲סĵһѵѵ⳯ĻʺȻǡĺӣ
⡭
ǲδ̫Ϸ˰
ϼҷһ𾪵ˣз
ոΪϺϺѩŮܳü֪һŮܶʱǱȲĶӺõĶĶ࣬ǻû˶أͻȻ֪
пǳʺĸס
⻻˭˭ܽܵˣ
ŮŸոյ˶׼ΪһŮпǻʺ
ǰϼҼǰ͵֮ءҪǵʵǻʺĸһպϼҼУҪΪˣ
ʣµ˭Ҫ
˭ܵˣ
Ŀǵǣк޲Ҫǰֱȥһ䣬ҲܲŸֱ˵˰ɣ
Ƿֲôֱǰȥ
һǻʺĸ׵ĻԼҪóóȻĶﶯ֣պԼŮں֮лܺãֻܸ֮أ
ʵĽ
ĵĽ
ҲҪͻȻҵһǻʺŮ
ﱾˡ
֮ǰϼҼЩķ²֪֪ǻи㣬ҽϼҼ֮ǰǶθģϼҷ˲һڵˣ֪ϼҼĹһ
ֻϼҼոտڵʱϼҷ˵ȷ𾪵ģΪʲôֻôиɹǲǾֻĸףǺܿ죬ϼҷ˽һ𾪸ѹȥͷҲű
ˡ
ôͲ
˻飬𾪣ºϼҼǳ裬׼κô겻ϼңļ壬ҲǶֻĪһСľʹϼҼüͷŪʲô졣
˶ʶϼҷһʱ֮û
ֻ߰˷òƵϼҷȴȻֻܲĺӣǡ˫ĺӡ
ô궼ϼҴţʵʵַ֡
ô飬ĵˮ©ûбҪԼĺӶȥ˸ԡΨһĿܾǡģ
֪Ϊʲôȥ֮ϼҷ˲ӴǶ˸
𡭡
ΪԶᱻ𣬿û뵽ű˼꣬ŮֻصڣΪ˳ĻʺλžҪʲô
ֻ֪Ļǲ֪ģ
ϼҷŽĿϼҼƤͻȻͣҪд·ˡ
ֻͬš
û˻شϼҼƴȤĻƴǵȻĽֻסͼͼ̫ģһе鶼ڣ
ƴüĽšֻƬ֮䣬ǵЦŵĿϼҼϼҼĵĿ⣬ûаֵĶĵЦŵӭϼҼĿ⡣
ϼҼ˵Цˣ޵Ļʺûбŵ㣬Ψòϣʵǳ˵ģҲΪˣҲٵķ

1265 磨7

1265  磨7
̫̫˵ˣ֪ܲǰʱ֮ǰ֮л޵Ļʺò˵£ҵĹǼҵǧ޺ͻʺѾϰˡ
ƴǱ͵͵дԡ
һǲϲ򣬲ǵʲô̶ȣҪΪġ
ϼҼҪֻʲô£ƴǶɵĽȨ
ǰЩӣ֮нĴ󳼽ҪƴǷֻʺǼϼҼԶţҲǽ֮е֪һɡ
ôܻ᲻֪ء
Щʱ˻žѵúͿ
֮ǰϼҼֻƴ˹μǣƴǺֻҲֵҪϼҼΪϼҼдʲôƵĻôƴǺֻҲԲ׵̡
ϼҼǹ˵ֻòƣҪвֻͬƴҲھϼҼҲȫȻɾģҲǸƴ˲ٵİѱ
ҪǵŪͷѪĻ˭³á
Ȼ
ƴǺǲźۼһ䳯ֻ֮ò˵֮ϼҼϵЦݱЩ֡
⻰˵Ҳȷǡ
ʺ˹ɫԹ˶ģЩҲ֮УϷ򲢲֪ǳ֮е飬ֻǾѵõģʺﾹȻϷԵ֣Ǻܴɣûб˼
ϼҼȷֻ˵ȴû˵ģƴδ̫СĽˣֻǸģ
ĺͽǲǣ
ҪԽԽģϼҼԽˡ
ֻסֻζŽȡĸࡣ
ƴǳ˿֮Ρ
պ󻹲ҪԼǰԼ
ϼҼĴǲɵ˼ĨЦĻȣǺܿġĨȱ㱻ѹȥ˭ûܿ
ϼҼ˼֣֪ҪͲƴǳƤӹĻûʲôʤģԱֱӽĿϣЧѾﵽˣʣµģֻֻ׿ںǱ׼õģŹƳľˡ
ĴϼҼĿ˵˳ҲԭϾЩձӵ
˶ʶס˺ȴϼҼҪ˵ĻΨΨϵǿκεı飬ֻɫȻĽе£òĳϼҼףڡ
ϱׯżֳֻɬҪ˼ַġ
ôòܹһԵֵģϷȥʺﾴһưɣ
ϼҼϿ飬ǹȴ黹ͦõģ
ȥֻƣֻһȣܻǻɣҪȥĻͽȻͬˣ˵עֻòƵ档
û˻Ǿơ
ϼҼȻĿڣ̬ȴǲɵġ
֮Ҳûʲô쳣˾ϵľƱŲĳֻȥֻȴǲȻˡ
ĳ
ҪװʶģѾûòˣôܵԼ밲
Ҫٵģ
ֻ΢΢ǷӣҪǰȥӦȴ뱻ƴǼʱĸֻǾһưˣҲôģҰĺˡ
ʱҪ̫ںĻ²ǸϼҼⷢӵĽˣ
ƴţϼҼҲǲֻıݵģΪ֮ǰڳʱ򣬾ѾɹһˣǴεʱôƴȴûʳȻ
ƴ֣˳֮ڵôѾĻڳߣòʧ
ˣǰһεΪѵϼҼǻɣҲûʮİ֮ǰҲǲģ¡ȵ飬ǿ˭ܳסˡ
ֻסϼҼɳ֮ϼҼҲֻûа취
ֻеԼſ߹û̫
Ƭ̵ĹžƱĵֻƴǵǰ㿪ھƵʱ򣬲ϼҼĻȴĵûصĶ
˭̷ϺͻʺҪ㣿
һʱ֮Щ㵣û뵽ϼҼķӦ㱩ŭ⡭
ô˰
֮ǰϼҼһ˼ҪԼŮ͸ƴǳΪ

1266 ţ1

1266  ţ1
иֳɵֻôʢŭģ
ѵϼҼӦøе
ΪʲôϼҼķӦ̫أ
ֻǲ̫ԣôĵ⡭
ʵǲΪʲô
ϼҷȴǿһЩȻȻĲûдģǸֻĺӣϼҼҲϳˣΪϳˣŻľֻɺޣ
ϼҼҪֻǰˣ
Ҫֻ
֮ΪĸſϷͺˡ
ǺԼûϵģ
˵ʵڹеʱϼҷҲŮǰ㣬ϣԼδԼԼֻǺıº¸ĥȥǣűģ
ϼҼոҪӭȢԼʱϼҷ˵Ǹ˵ģҲǶϼҼģڴһ̹ĵİ飬ϧ
־ħһ㣬Ժл֮ȥϼҼ֮ҧĿԼﺰȴ֡
ûһŮ˻ԼɷĵűŮ˵ģϧ
Ψһҵǣ沢ûϼҼֻûУӻˡ
ϼҷ˾úʹ졣
Ӱȴûоʹֹͣ
һϼҼֲ֪޳ôŮˣǺһ˫
ֱǺûһ
ϼҷ˷ŭʱʱȥ鷳
ֻϧ
ǲҪȥϼҷʲôģϼҷ˶ôƣﶼֻ˳ܣΪҲǴǰϼ峤Ů¼ǱϼҷΪѣȴϵģö֮
ϼҷҲȻȤĲȥˣ
ǣЩЩʹ㲻ȥͲڵġ
û뵽εǺˡ
ϼҷ˽Ժ󣬿ϼҼȴǽһԵġҪȥĥ
Ҫڿʼ
ϼҷֻѪڣżڴ
ϼҼĳֻüͷĸˣƴǵĽüӥĿ֮ҲǶ˼ء
ȥʺƣٹʺ͸桭ϼҼϵĿڣǻ֮ʱȴǲɵ˷ﵹһ
󡭡
õ΢ϼҼǡҪﵱô˵ǰȥֻǰֻ͸ȥƲɣ
δ⡭̫˰
ҲһˣϼҼŮһӣȻȥԼǺԼô˵ǰȥơ
δ⡭
Ǻź֪
ǲֻϼҼ֮ʲôģϼҼŻô
ڶԸ˵ֶϵȷǺ޸߳ǺŮҲóȴó֮£Ȩƣ֪ϼҼΪʲôҪֻǰȶ˵顣
ϼҼ£˵ɫҲǸı仯
ǡֻ
Ҳ̫̫ˣ
ϼҼֻ֪֮Ĺϵȴ˵ҲͱƣڹΪ
˭
ֻ
£ƴϵıҲǸŲһˡ
ﻹδӦ֮ǰšüƳϼҼҲŵĮϼҼΪ⣿
ƴá
ԣǺܲá
ϼҼϵǿŭ⣬ЦݿĿƴǣǺǺǡ
лϺͻʺЦˡ
Ϸ֮ǰûкúõĹܺԼ˻ϺͻʺǰǶˣ
ϼҼֻƴǵʱЦУĺͰ׵˳һ㣬ǵ̱˼ɫ
˱ٶ֮쵱զ࣡
ⲻδƴǶϼҼĻӦϼҼ۶һվδʲôô㲻ػҪϷԽ㲻ɣ
ϷĻû𣿡
ϼҼڼŵЦݡ
ԽףԽ档
ﲻɵýеľƱգƽֻǵɨ֮󣬾ȻĻҪֻ¹
ֻȻԼŮ
ҲǳĻʺһƽհˡ
ǵҪڻʺǰߵҲûʲô
úܿǱȴôΪֻһص裬޷ܵġ
ﻹδж֮ǰֻǻȻĴλҲ˲ƴǵˣֱĶϼҼϼҼʲô˼
ΪҪԱ˴
ֱֻӽҪµָסĿĵϼҼڵǣϼҼѾ˵ݹϵԲŻڵһĻ治˵ϼҼ֪˵ĹϵһûʲôӰ졣
ʹˣΪʲôֻҪԼﱻϼҼ裿

1267 ţ2

1267  ţ2
ϼҼΣ
ƾڵı£ҪҪԼ߻عϼҼʲôʸ˵
ֻĿϬڡ
ƵƵĸֻϣֻҪΪԼϼҼǲֻȴǴҪģܣҲȻۼԼ˱衣
ǰôĸԼǰǱأ
ܻǲܣ
ϼҼΪ˴ҵ֪ˣĺ֮໹ǲֶΣϼҼս۸ˣϼҼֻǸ֣ͲΪֻƴǵö֪ˣ
ڽѵԼҪŽѵԼʱָɣ𱾹ֻŭĿϼҼ
ƴҲ൱ֻ֧ѡֻĻϼҼϼҼղſڿ˵ͬǵĻʺ񣬿ת۱ҪǻʺǰϼҼڲǣҪ¹ˣɣ
Ҫ޺ͻʺһͬ¹򣿡
ƴ䡣
ϼҼŻԼ˵ֻ֮òƣǲֻΪòƵһ㣬ҲӦصģôֻǰأ
ҪﻹҪֻ
ΪĻϣûʸϼҼһͷģƴžԵʸԼĻʺ˵
ںδʲôĳϣֻҪҪڮĻʺƴǱǻȥҲҪֹģ˿Ц
Ĺ
ƴԭΪϼҼ׼ⳡᣬҪҳ޾ͺã뾹ָ¹Ϊ޵Ļʺ
ҲźϼҲӭ޺ͻʺ޴Żʺ߱ǣαҪϼϼҼģʮĵǣ
ۺͬЭЩˡ
ﲻĴ棬ֻ쳣ĽţϼҷȴһſϷģ
ϼҼšüĴʹȥֻƴˣȴٿĿڣϣʺѵǾͲĹΪϷòΪʲôͻʺò𣿡
ϿûԵ޹ʵİɣ
վ顣
һͣš
ֻˡ
ƴȴƵᣬδΪϼҼĻжٶҡƵ˺֮֮࣬ǰةǧǳĻʺһ㣬ǻ˲С𣿡
֪ϼҼҪʲô
ߣϵϼҼѿҪ豾ɣ
ǰŵҲԼˣֻûκεľ£ϼҼǲҪϼҼǰ͸ˣ
ǱǸˣΪĴڵϼҼûܳΪɣϼҼ˼Ǻ޻Ҳ֮е飬ģϼҼҪʲôֶκͷҲǿġ
ֻǹһĨЦֻ޹ʲôԳű
Щʱ򻹾ϼҼżģԽϣϧͻԣҲǶȻԼһǽأ
˵ʲôϼҼɫȻһƸֱһԵӣŭϺͻʺǵĵ治֪Ϸָʲô𣿡
ǻʺΪϷʹ˵ĽţϧϷϼҼеļͿҪɹˡ
ֻҪһʱĽ϶ֻǱƸգ
ź˾ƣ˹֮󣬿ֻƴ˻ôԼǰţ
֪
ɲ룬ֻԼʵʱȴǾڲ֪֮ϵ飺ѵ㲻֪ȫ𣿡
ڻʲô
ɱϵģ
ʲôϵֻΪȵĳϼҼʣŮ𣿻ˣ
ûʮ»̥º治ˡ˵䲻Ļ˺ûʲôֱӵĹϵɡ
̳ܲġ
ֱϵϼҼһнڵָֻţʣµģǱ˹ϵҲϼҼûаĹϵ
Ϊȫ綼ΧתĲɣ
ĺҲҪͷϣ
ҵֻŮ˵¶ֻŮ˵ˣǱֻĵģ
οǻˣ

1268 ţ3

1268  ţ3
ֻ΢΢̧ͷҲôõĻʺˣ֮ǰ׼Ĵҹ㣬ϵƽʱֻǲϲЩŴĹأĵµͷʱֻûʲôµģ
ϼҼ˵һֱ޷ʹϼҼϳԼΣѵᵱô˵ǰ
ϼҼĲҪˣŻԼԼ˰̽ҿ˵ǰ
֮ǰڿʱΪԼȰ˵ֻҲҪϢˣƼϼҼֻ̬֮Ǳ˵ȼһŭһ㡣
ϼҼԼǰܶ裬ôԼڳʱأ
Ҫ۸ˣ
ϼҼŤı̬ȴʲô鶼ûǷϼҼģûбҪΪĸ׷Ĺˡ
ھҪ뿪ϼҼ뿪ûֵĵط
ϼҼǵеûţúõĹһڵĹƳңϼҼҲڵĴ֮һһ֮ĺעԼܹǲ̫õİɡ
ֻڳЦϼҼΪһ֮ȴû¶Ǹų฾һڸ˼ҵϣûϢġ
гϢˣؽ㣬ǽĿŵĺԶ׳ۣԲϼҼġûϢ
ԣ
ûϢ
ֻеĳǵʹϼҼ˫ۣϼҼﵽ۷壡
ʺϼҼ˼㣬ǲԾĳֻͬʱƴǵڵֱֱĳϼҼĹػ
ϼҼĹ˹ȥ
顪
ǱƴǵȴǻΪһֱӳϼҼķ򹥻
ϼҼЩ㾡οյ񻨴档
䡪
˲䣬Щ굹ֱ¶ķա
˻
⻹ûĶֽأŪ˺ƴƣҪǵ涯ֻôһ׳۵ĳ棿
ǧ򡭡
˾㶯ְɣ

ﱻŵʧС
ϺϺѩҲɫţǺòײ˻ΪˣҪϼҼƴǺֻ˾ôǵǲǾˣ
ɻûгɹذ
ˣʺпģ
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ǰ
ϺѩƴĸһԾŵķʹɫ
ܵ˵ɫŲԸǰֻƴˣЦĵͷ
ǰǰеﶼʵϼҺƼȻס
˫пĵġ
λǴ㲻ҪΪЩ۵СŮӵִ˴֮˰ɣ
ǲ
˷ĻҲŵͷҲϣֻϼҼ֮Ĺϵֵô
Ȼֻ֪ͲɵϼҼʵִܱͱִģֳʲô죬֮󣬲˭Ҫ˵ģ
ǶԱ˴˶õ飡
ʺϼҼƴǻȴֻܻһεĻֻ֣Ȼûֱӹȥ﹪ӣԼŵüͣҽǰľƱ͵ֻǰ
ʺһ棬Ɑưɡ
е鶼ΪģҪл⣬˫Ǳ￪Ȱ˵ٺʲˣµҲֻһֻܰˡ
ȻڳЩ˼Ҳûһ˵Ļ㡣
ֻƴ˸ǲӵģ
ο
οıҲҪϢ˵ģҲͬȥֻ밲
£ȥҪֻġ
ֻ߹ȥƬ̣Ѿ˶ԲߣȲΥϼҼҲֻʹģԼӹļͣϼҼ棬ҲֻǹﵽϼҼҪ
ȴûйֻǰģҲûֻġ
еİ취ϼҼȻûԣȴҲûмǳ⡣
ϼҷֻǰϧǿϧȻûлúõĿﱻϼҼ裬ҲҪ˵ȥģҪСˣ
ţϼҷҲǰֻƴֺõ˵ţǰǰҲðϺͻʺλӣҪٶŭˣ
ĿֻҲϣһġ
ֻʾԼ񣬳ĬƬ֮󣬱תԲϵľƱﷴ񣬿ƱȴǳٳٵĶû¡

1269 ţ4

1269  ţ4
ĿĵĶϼҼϼҼձ㽫ˡ
ǰ뱾֪Ҫʲô㱾ҲôɣҲǺͱûйϵڣȷĸ㡣
ὫΪĸԺ̷ΪģΪźͱƵչ˺
ֻüĿϼҼǰɻ䣬ϼҼֱ֣ڸֻܲûκεôҪ۸ǱƱҪǿӲ
ܱԼԼҪˣ
á
֮ǰϼҼ˸ʵֻòò£ûµôڡֻԱ㽫㴰ֽͱƣֱŸϼҼǲԼˣ֮Ǻݣպǳ׵һˣ
ϼҼҪҪҪȵܲܳܵסŭҲǳ׵ľϼҼŵ룬ֱӸϼҼһʹ죡
ϼҼպ㣬ĪҪôҶѿ
£ֻ㾶Եľ˾Ʊڵķ
ֻȥκ˵ɫֱӽеľƱеľһ
￴ŭֻмȵֺǸжΪ˱ԼֻģĻԼǰȥֻϵĻôĻֻͲΪԼȥϼҼִˣ
ϧ
ͽֱô꣬ѶȻ֪ĺӿǵڣ̵סܲأ
ᣬҲǽеľƱеľһ
һԡ
ʼĿⶢֻϼҼȴǴǲԾһĨȡ
Ǵǰǰ㣬ÿÿ˵ż仰ʱϼҼҪȥĿԼĵ⣬˵ʲôҪľ֣Ǳڡ
ϼҼڿԲαװȥˣôܲأ
ϼҼҪЦˡ
һʺһϣԼĹƳ棬պҪŹƳҹĥģ˵˵պĳȨҲϼҼˣ
ֻҪȥҵ磬ٴòʳƹƳİ취ǿȥָֻƴԼκεˣ
ҰԸ̫ˣ
ϼҼǵЦ˳ͻȻԼǰǽ̫ˣô飬Ůڳֵ֮߰ģȫǲڡ
ֻֻ֣вƴҪĸʵʡ
Ҫƴǵʹ֣Żƴʵʲô۵ģĶֻ֮ˡ


ϼҼǵܺã֮ǰֻԼŭ˵ЩָҲûʲô˵ģˬʵЦͻȻĴϼҼĿд˳ΧŵЩͷԡ
ǡ
ʵ±ơ
ôô£
ո˫òɿҪˣôֻԴǵһ֮ͨϼҼûаģǡã
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ȻôķӦ
ո˫ǲʹأ
ӦϼҼڷȥ
Ȼڳϵ˶ϣϼҼŭֻʹֽǵϼҼôʱ򣬴ҵ滹̲סɻ
˶
ûаϲȥʱżϣܰϲȥǵǰϲȥʱЩֻ֡
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Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô˻ѡ˳ӡ
ڵĴҵϼҼеķӦʱ뷨ġ
ܾڵϼҼ̬ȣ̫죬ܲ
Ǿﲻ˻һʱ֮޷ȷıֻдɻ󣬾ֻƴǵҲ͸©ãȻͲ⡣
ֻϸļеľƱضϸĿûκε⡣
ûġ
ϼҼҲûл֣Լɫ֮¾Ͷ֡
ϼҼ۽ǵ⽫˵ķӦУиǵ⣺ǺǺǺǡ
ֲûʺ˵ûϵʥģϷˡ
ǺǺǺǣʺﲻǻʺȻʮģǵŮӣĪ˵ǻϲϷҲͣ
ã
ֻƴǵԽɻϼҼϵЦݱԽ䣬ֻûкֻһʶֹסȥֻǽЩĿɿڴ
ϼҼȴ㶼һ㣺ȻʺѾ˿˵ˣôϷպ󼴱ǲϵӣҲȻҪʺӵġ

1270 ̬ͻȻת

1270  ̬ͻȻת
İɻʺԺϼңϷԻƴȻκ۸ϷҲҲѹˣ
ϼҼ⣬ֻ֤

һʼҲûҪô
ЩߵʱϼҼȷûоʵģǺô֮ϼҼѾ׵Ŀˡ
Сһ𳤴֪Ը񣬼˲׽𣬿ҲǻæģǳԼֻΪ̫ưˡ
Ҫߵ
ҪߵҲסģǿסȴҲסһΣסڶΡ
Ҫ뿪ġ
ĥô꣬Ҳǹˡ
ûֻЩϼҼҲǴȵģοﻹԼһôæôϼҼƱҪƴģ
ϼҼôŵģǻ˵Ķȴȫ˸ζֻҲҪ˵ĻӲ˻ȥ
ﰵһ
˫ִȥ˫ûκεĺôȻϼҼϵͷòˡ
ǿԷˡ
ֻüҪ˵Щʲôǵ˴ߵĻȴڿԼʾ֮¸˻ȥ
ˣǱлϼҼôˣ
ɫˣϼҼûĻޱȴŻʺȥˣ
ƴǽֻ˻УڵϣȷǲʺִȥˣӦĻصԼԺ棬úõպĴ㣬ҡ
ƴǿģ񡭡
ﱾ㲻Ҫ뿪ϼ뿪һ
ֻôǿ󣬶ǿġ
ãǻϺͻʺúõϢɣգϷٺĴŻϺͻʺ˺úõĹһţϼҼЦݺˬʣһڴӦƴǵ顣
Ŀֻƴ뿪֮ĿȴǱ
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ϼҼ˴ת䣬ڳȴıɫģǼȴǲֻĿⲻƽ໥Ӽ֮󣬱Զ뿪
һ磬оա
ϼҼ֣ԱķбҪˡ
ϼ¶ΪϺϺѩʽ빬Ϊ˵ģ㲻ҲΪӭƴǺֻ˵ͣȴû˻Ѿʧ˳裬һе

֮ǰǸڿ˵޷԰Σ죬ҲǲӰ
ôӣʼղ죬ŸֵֶΣ˵ʲôҲǲ棬֮쾹ȻҲûôҪˡ
ǽձųɹϼҷ˲μ֮࣬ȥһ£ٺ´һ
ǲߵԺ棬Ѿ߹Ů˵ˣ˵ĺءˡҪ´һ˼Ҳǳ׵ûˡ
ŶûнȥֱӵԺת뿪ˡ
ʼڴϣϵʹȻѾⲻ٣ҲûмѪˣԼȴǰҪ˯ʶûУҪȥϺϺѩС˵ûˡ
ֻԼĴһƬհףûججġ
ԺиǲϵĸǰĻ档
ܶܶࡣ
֮ǰСʱµʱԼĸ׵ܿģкϼҼոսӽϼҵʱĲСģۡĿĵȥӽۣȴԼͺǻ
Լһϼҵļ֮λΪ˵뷨֮ȴҪԼ뿪
ԸȨϵۡ
֡
Щۻһ㣬ϵԺи֣һһ飬һһΡ
ʱЦʱɫ԰׵ҲЦʱѹ飬Ҳű˵ᡣ
ǿôãôá
ǵͷȴʲôûеõ
ԼȨûˣѾΪһö壬ԼϲˣҲǲԼġ
ƴǻۡ
ˡ
ֻúʧܡ
һǰδеʧܡ
Ҳ֪ԼǴΪλһͿص³
ޣ
ĲƽԼųʧܡ
ˮ׵Ĵۿжʪ˴ѡ
ȴҧǿĽۿеˮǹ˲ϲŵѪӴЬȥ
ʱŵʱ䣬ĺͶΪϵıʣҲһ죬ʰԺӱϴűѪŪ˵ȹҪԶ
һӺҡ
Ÿոæһе飬ںԺԵЪϢš
Ҳҩ֮˯ˣҲûԺ濴ˡ
ʵڲЩֻڴϵʵ̫ˣ춼ҶΪ˯ˡ
Ҳá

1271 ͻȻú

1271 ͻȻú
ǲɵһĨԳЦݣӷгʱ򣬼ûаӰʱиǲһį
ۡ
ĺۡ
δйһڵġ
ֻۣϸۡ
ͻȻٶȥˡ
ʵ룬ƺȨƺ͵λҲûôҪˣһˣûˣʲôȨƸ󣬶˵ֻǹ̰ˣʲôֵأ
һԼ˶ûС
һԼĺӶˣȨƣ֮Ȩ˭أ
ǰװ׵Ҫˡ
ԡ
㲻ںˣҲҪȥˡ
ͦõģ
һֱҺģǰŵĽŲĿģҲ֪ԼҪȥģȥġ
ŵĳټţȻûаԼ֮أûмںԼˣ˵Ҳɱġ
ĴԳЦݲɵüŲ֪Ҫȥĵһ·ɢŵţҲûκǰѯûκֹ
űǳţɽȥ
һ·ϣɽʱѾƻĲӣɽĵ·ҲǱıˣѰʱһֵᷢģֻǽʵǵ䣬Ҳ㲻ע⡣
Ҳ֪ѰһС·ôһֱţʱĺɫʱ򣬸ǳ׵ߵɽ档
˺þãžԼЩġ
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ȴȥ
ڵĴҲû̫ģ
ɽҪһЩģ롣
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ˮۿУԽԽֱ࣬˳۽棬վԽߣԽ¶ȱԽ䡣
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ΡΡվڸɽ֮ϣۿԼĽ£󡭡۾ۿеˮ
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ˣ

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ŵʱǲѡԼĳɵģֻܱ˳Ц۸áû֮Ҫ
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Ȼ
ǵİϲЦ
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ΧŨŨѪζ
ǿζƵ˫۽ŵòȻ˫ۣ߸⧲ı㴳һš
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ǼѾﵽ㹻˵ĳ̶ˡ

ǰͻȻŵԼӰٿزһ뷨
ˣ
Ĳˣ
ԭظеţͷ湴ʹ߾Ȼôֲ˵ģ
š
ûйһš
Ҫѿǰˣԡ


ſҰ
ģžԵȭߵֽŲõľܾԵӰǲ룬ԼӰǸܲʹһ㣬ȭߣʼǲֵġ
߿
Ҳˣ
Զһ㣡ۿеˮԽԽףֻһǱŵãʵʵıųᣬǰĺӰԼĻ
Ӱ˳Ŀ⣬ľٶɫǱŻȴǰ㶼иĽڻУǵ˵ӰŨŨҹɫ»صɽϡ
ӰصĽˤ˵ķ
Ȼ˵ǹ
ӰɫҲŨŨɱ⡣
֪
˶ĿסԼҪɱûж֡
Ȼ
Ȼ˵ǹ
Ǹ
ɫ¹⣬ӰӸµվɽ£ű´صɽ棬ˤڵϵ
ͬʱҲǽɫ¹⿴ǰˡ
ԭֵ˲𾪣Ǻ촽΢ŵĿǰǵӰ
ǡ
磡
֮ǰϼҼǸƵ꣬ʲô
Ȼɽģ
ΪʲôԼ棬ΪʲôҪ־Լ
кãȻ£
ҪѰ̼ڡǸĵ֮㿪ʼ֪ĺˡ
ԭЩʱô򵥵ģ

1272 û

1272 û
ҪҲҪܴġ
Ҫһһ˵̸֮ı⡣
ĶǺܴģյ鲻ǻ˭ϣǻķӦ
Ҳǣֲġ
ܹĵĻôΪʲôҪ»أ
ͻȻˡ
ͻȻˡ
绹ôã컹кܶδɵҪȥ
֮ǰôãָô࣬ôʲôҪ벻Ѱ̼ˣֵ̫ˡ
һ˲䣬ԺУֻʣһͷ
ȥ
úõĻȥ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿǰӰɫᣬȴǻ֣̿ʶǰˣϼҼŵǸƵ꣡磡
˻
ôصԼǰܹԼô
Ҫʲô
ԭбƵǼɵ£ƽʱֻԶԶؿŶɭֲ
û뵽֮ľ뾹Ȼǰ꾹ȻǾԼˡ
һʱ֮鸴ӡ
ֿ־ָл
֪ʲô̬ȥǰꡣ
ϾǾԼľˡ
ǣǺ£֪úֵȥ깵ͨ˵Ҫǡ
ովȻڼȿֻŵ£ǹ
Ƕ꼫ĲأǸ衣
ȻǱżˣȴܸܵĵŭġ
ʵҲǻ˭⣬Ҫ˭ȥһԵ޹ʵˣԷȴлԼԼǹǻ˭ŭģҪµֱӸ뵽¶пܵġ
εǰ꣬ľƬ֮վǰĿڣԡԡԲ𡣡
ʹӣĿ֮ȴ񲻸ֱӿġ
ʵǡ
ϵЩ̫ˣôǸӣϵƣһҿ
ոŵʱҲǿ缸εģʱȻûйĽȴӡȽϾǶƵģúܴ
ҲҪ϶˼Ǻܿ죬Լ㽫뷨ѹȥˣպ͹ƳΪδЩ̫ˣǲҵġ
ˣŻὫĿ۵ϡ
ǵʱ磬ҲֻǸ꣬ϲûô̺۵ġ
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һһʱ֮ûзӦ
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ǿҵòú²УҲļĿࡣ
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ֻǺ£ǺµĲУ˵滹ǲġ
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Ǳ֪˵ģȴûаϧ̬Ｗ޴ˡ
ϧȴǲֱӵĳȥġ
ټ˵ҲȷûҲûзȥ
ҧŴ֮ٶ촽ԥ˵Ҫллġ
ллҡ
֪˵ʲôãֻܴҴҵ˵һлл
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˶˵ˡ
Щκ;Ĭ
á
ȿڣôö˶˵ҪѰأ
ҲǾʶˣֻǴǰûĻúõ˵ѡ
һЩæоƳ棬һЩȨƵĺϼҼ۵Ļ档
ǺϤʶ˺ܶˣȴΪĿڣ˵Ҳ˾ú̡ܷ
Īۿ
ԼʲôĽӴû뵽οԼԼѹʱԼߣԼ˵ȴ硣
ĸж޷׵ıģҲûôĵ⡣
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ڿʱˣҲûоôֲˡ
ǿ
Ͼ˵ԼĿģҲαƵߣҪٰĲ²⡣

1273 Ҳ

1273  Ҳ
ʵǾûȥˡԴӵڵϣʹӺʧĿڣڲˡ
ϼҼ˵ѾǺüֵˣҲûʲô̫ˡ˵ʱ̲ס˫ַԼСϣʧ䡣
Ȼһ俴ȨҰŮˡ
ǸŮˡ
Ҳǻĸ׵뷨ϣģǰϼҼٰϣһƴǵĺӣҲԼϣŻƴǵϿϣ֮󣬱㽫Ŀϡ
ܹҪиӵġ
ŮԼӶûУǺǱ
ϧû뵽ע;ⶣˡ
ʧۣȴûʲôʵõ죬ɽƴǡҲָ
ǰúõĻŵģһ˳찴Լ
ûˣϼҼǻ˭Ƕɥʧȥɣ
ǲ˵ĻȴֻһЦ
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Ѱٻԭ֮󣬼ֱǲţԭȥŭҲٶϮǱ˵ģֻ̫ų
Ϊ˾Ҫ
Ǹʲô˼룿
ѵŮ˻ŵúͼֵ
ȫҪĻţ
Ǻͻµĸʲôֱ
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Ҳͬ𾪵Ŀ磬ɳƵȴ΢΢ĴЩʵģ㡭ˣ
ôôడ
ǰûкĽӴҲֻǾԸЩĮΪȽϹˣû뵽˽ӴĻᣬȴ粻ֻΪ죬Ȼ˵Ҳһ仰ҭ˾;ѽ
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ʱ粻밲οҲǱֳĬɣôԼ䳰ȷأ
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Ҫǰ뷨Щʹвˡ
ֻһųĽڰˣĵЦǱ˾ˣҲѰȴֲĽڡ
Ȼû˵λǶԱ˴֮䲻Ǻ˽⣬ȷʵ֪ģ֪ǹ
ȻЩ䣬ȴ˵ȴҪοһֻһЩСʧСܲסˣҪҪҪѰ㲻ϧԼĻǻȥȽϺáҲ˷ʱ䣬վһջǻܲסԼԼġ
һ٣Ƴŵ϶ŵɫ԰׵㵱Ҵȹ㡣
תҪ뿪
ǲĻȴĴʹġ
ò׺תֵ˲ٶȱÿɬиǱˮǰ˵һ㶼ûд
νʲôͱֻųıְˡ
ĺʧˡ
ǴʲôʱʼηηأȻҲܲסͷأǴûй̬
ǰǸϧˣʲôۺΣգ׵ķ
±ڳЦ۸ǸǿСǿһֻӭѶϣϵͷҪǲܵ飡
ǵ涯ɣһʱøĴ˵ʹٶ࣬ҲȲƴǶԼľܾ
ǵƴǶˣˡ
ϧƴǵȴԶֻֻȫûԼĴڡ
෽ԭĴѹԼҪԼͷ
֪ˣûЩ䳰ȷҲǾԲڽԼˣͷҲ׵ˡ
˵ĺܶԡ
ûʲô˵ġ
ֻǲӶѡ
ȻԼȴǿԱ˵ĺӡ
ô࣬ҲÿлƵġ
ȴкܶӵ̫١
ҲЩѧϰ
ʱġͬʱǸм

1274 ͬһ

1274 ͬһ
İɣԺԲ׵ѰٻˣṼװ׵ľĶ䣡
˵գȻĴӵվĲԼ۽ǵˮȥıӰҲǾ
һξĻ֮Ųһ٣Ҳֻһ˲䣬ɽȥûٿһۣͷҲص˵ţԼģͱ˶ûκεĹϵġ
ҹɽЩȥɡ
ҿɲȷɽûйƳ棬㻹ܻܲɽ
𾪵ͫ΢š
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ɽǺܶģ˵ĹƳģԼ·ôߵģȻú£ߵɽϣ
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Բܾô׵ˣ
ˣֻЩԼ˿ģȴʲôòҪҲҪһµܾܲôװ׵ıˣ
Ƭ֮䣬Ѿ˾һ㣬飬ҧŷ׵Ĵǣ۾ȥһĳɽȥ
ϣҪƳɣ
뿪֮󣬱ȥӰȴٶȵĳԭأȥӰǹһĨȻЦ⣬֣̲סǰѪɫƳ棺Թԣʵ㿴ոǸŮ˺Ҳͦġ
Ǻͬˣ
粻Ǹˣûκε֮ģȥûмֵ顣
ɽôĹƳ涼һ٣µԼҲǴǱУûǸȥ޹ؽҪˣ֮Իڹؼʱ֣Ϊã̫Ĺͬ㡣
ǹͬĹŻ̲סȥԾʱĸ˻
һ
ǴСͱóӣȴûôʱƿ
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ԱʱѡԼȴһѡȴҧأܸôĴۣҲһҪɾͣǿ˳ĵЩ˵ǰȥֺĸǣǵѡͿǴġ
һüֵˡ
Ӧױ
Բ
罫Ѫָ쵽ѪƵǰϱʹ࣬ǰѪȴ˱ĸˡ
ǷھʱɽʯĦѪŻŵôصѪζǱģΪҲˣ
ɣС
ǵǱ˺ǸŮˣ֪𣡡
ѪֹסѪְȵĻصǰʱɫȴǲҰ׵ŲҲӰļѵĽʧɽ֮ڣ
üͷҲ֪Լɽ汼˶ãۼŵɽųԼǰ֮ԺбҶˣҲǺ֪ûˡ
ǻˣûá
ʵһƽϢ֮󣬻ĳɽϼڵԺȥ
ʱÿĴŵӰǵǡ
һ̣Ҳǻ¶˼Цݡ
롭
ô⡣
Լ߻ֵε˵ģ
ġ
ЩɳƵĳĴѰҵĺĺȥԣĶסŲϲĳķ˹ƼԼ֮ڡ
ϵĽת˸ˣ첽ĳķ˹ǰȥȥˣ
ôûū澻ǽū澸ˣ
ʵǵģΪһʱ֮벻ˣȥѰ̼δֵ̫ˡ
ƽĻⵣǵ˼ҲԵķˡ
ԺĴĵǣĿһֻЦЦûʲôҲ֪ǸűæµһˣֻҪȥɢɢģûкǡ
ĵ˵ͷǣպǾ鲻ãֻܽū澹ɢɢľˡ
Ǵʱûи˿ŵĻҪ벻ģ֮ǰôĲã׳⡣
׺ĵĵǣûжԣֻһ
װĴѰҵĶڼƽµĻ֮󣬺޵

󰡣
ȻԼȥ
ٵԼеĺ⣬첽ǰǰҲźһĸ첲ǽū澵ˡ
ȥˣ
ûʲôȷȥɣҹ󣡡

1275 ֪

1275  ֪
ֻƴǸϼҼлصԼԺӡ
ϵı鶼أŸǧͲҲĿصĿƴǺֻϣʺӦô죿
㲻ֻƴǵϼҼΪżɻ󣬾ߵҲǲϼҼĲԾĵط
ֻǲԾĵط൱Ĺ졣
ܾϼҼΪǱĵġ
ൣǵÿֻʺʲôط岻ʣǱƵûʲô쳣𣿻˵ʹõʳʲô׵ĵط
һʳڣֻǲʳԼĵǣƴǺǧʳҪʵĻ
֮˵񶼷ֻϣȴֻĻش
˹ֵǵ֮£ֻüͷĿҡҡͷûУûС
ʲôԾĵطĻһģǲҪһЩ˺;ˮûжǺġ
ֻ֣࣬ƴֻšüģȻˣ˵ûʲô£ұȥúõϢɣʲôʱٺҲûоȥӦԡ
ǧͬĿⵣǣҲͬƴ˵±ȥˣϺͻʺʲôԸ㾡ܽ¡̾͵
ǧͲӰ뿪֮ڣƴȴǱ΢΢ţĿĿֻͳɳƵȴ޵ǿƿ϶㡣
ʱ䣬ƴǺֻһֱæԼ飬˴֮Ȼúܽȴܾöûһһúõ˯Ϣˡ
񡭡
ǸԽϵæˣֻƴжֻĵǣѵõһ´ʱ䡣
ֻЦЦƴеĵǣδ˵飬ֻǵͷͬá
ղֻҲԽƴˡ
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ƴǣֻҲĪıů
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ΪϼҼ˼ҲŻǳ

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µĶûʲôѵõĵطǡǹƳ桭
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ƴȴҪôŹֻǿֻԼֱӡ
ΪʲôҪȥԼ壬Թƣ
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1276 ֻ±

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ǡǡΪӵĶǹƲǶֻһҪȥ
뻢Ѩɵûӡ
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ӸʬȡЩƳ沢ûκεãЩǵ͵ȵĹƳ棬ûʲôоļֵֻҽѧ΢۲֮󣬱ѾЩƳ涼ɱˡ
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ǵҪҵһֻƳоȴҲûеطѰֻܴƵǴϼҼˣƵôõʱȴֻǰûбѡˡ
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ΪƴǵĴڣŻֻŬࡣ
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ƴһǸ˵ˣֻĺƴǻûоԼ֮ͬٶ뿪Լ
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Ҳ˹ƣҲƴһˣºˣҪôԼƳԵ֮Ӷҵƽİ취ҪôҲҩⲻƳ棬Ǿһ𹲸Ȫ

ֻҪ޸ƴӵģ˭ܲƴǣ
ƴĿ⸴ӵĿŵʹֻвûа֣ϧΣԼΪɷȴǲܺúõıԼӣԼӸԼܿࡣ
ֻȴΪЦֽƴŵĸˡ

1277 ڿɸ

1277 ڿɸ
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ԶĶƴǵߣھѾԸˣܲأ
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á
ƴǵһĴǻٿ˵һĻ
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ȴǱǧĳŵҪأֻԽĸ
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ֻȴһֱŵĺ壬ͱʾӽԺƴǾԲҪ뿪ֻͷֶˣ
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ֻᣬĿƴǣæһˣҲʵЩˣҪϢˡ
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Ⱥƴ˵һԼҪ˯˱ȽϺá
һƳԼ˷Ӧ֮Լ̲סȴҪƴ۵ĿԼʱδƴˡ
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Ҳ֪ʱ˶ãֻֻԼСʹԽԽ࣬е˫Ҳ̲ס߬ҧŷ׵ĴǣͷƴǵĻмͣǲƬ̵Ĺϱ߳һ亹
ֻֻСһѷذԼĶĴײһͷãȻ·СޣΪҳ·ͣײ
ĹƳţֻǸۣ
ֻҧӲǰԹ
Ժŵȴǰһƴͷʱģ
ǸʱƴҲ۵ܣȴǴԼǰֳΪ˲ԼѹҲӲʹʹ
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ʱȻ۵ĴģֻȴҪСģҪЦġ
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ƴܸܵģֻܸܵõƴܵģֻҲڳܡ
ֻƽˣŻߵóá
ֻҧƺҪ׵ĴǸҧѪ
һֻżװ֪ƴվûȫ֪δڣֻ˫ֻĵԼСλá
ʱ䣬ֻֻһȵƴǵķԼĸ󡭡
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񡭡
֮ǰǰҵʹûôˣʣµֻҲǳ׵Ĳ֪ˣȻƴǵı֮£˯ˡ
ڶʱֻԼϵķӦ
ϱˮʪѾȥ֪ƴԶģģ֮Ǵĸɸɾ
ңƴǺҲֻԼΣûеֻ˯ֱ뿪ԺӣҲ֪ȥʲôطˡ
ҲֻΪһҹƳĥľҵʹƴǼǸԼҪȥģ˯еԼҲġ
ֻЦЦЦݡ
ȴǹ˲飬æ˵أԼЩҽҩóó֮ǰһֱЯŵģԼйҽѧıʼǱ
ԴӴвҩ͹ҽ֮󣬱ôϰߵģǷʲô֢ϲԼıϼ
֢״ҩűࡣ
Ҫ֢ͬ״Ĳ˵ʱҲǲ޴ġ
Ȼ۵׶ģȴкܶջͷ֡
硭
ܸܵõƳԼ˷ӦģǺ֮ǰƾԼȫһ
Լû˹Ƴ֮ǰֻһֱãƳĴǱ뵽ڡ
ЩʳѪŵĹƳһǻ뵽˵ƤѪҺġ
˵Ĺ죬׿˵ıѪҺϸƤˡ

1278 ͻջ

1278  ͻջ
طƳӰεļŵĻǽǸܿµ顣
ͺܰͰһ
ȫܰͣȥҽΣ
ǻĿԺܴ󣬻ϣС
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ĸ߼Ƴ棬Ҫ׿ڳȥģǹƳ˲ע£
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ûӰ죡
ѹ֮ǰƴǵǿߵģֻΪƳƴڳ˯ˣԲûзӦ
Ϊʲô֮ǰҽѧ΢¼ƴѪҺĲͬΪЩƳ涼ѪҺеġ
ҲǳһʶԲԭɡ
һǷʲôģǰû֮󣬱ʶȥĶԲ顣
ŵ֮ǰֻһǳ״̬
Ȼϻһֱƴ˵Ҫϣǵһ̣ҲҪϣʵأʵԼҲǻŵòС
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ֻڣֻ֪ǣԼеĹƳ棬ƴڵĹƳǲһġ
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ҵɥ¸ոչȥ϶ҼТ֮󣬶ѸٵĳΪһĶҼ
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ǰĶϲǺܵģûҪֻ̫࣬Ҫܾԣÿ춼˵ЦͿˡ
û뵽лᷢıʣʼδ
տʼ֪ҼϢʱ򣬶ԼһһԼ˻þˣԼΣôǰջԼǰ˵Цת۾ͻΪһѰ׹ɥȪ
⼸Тʱ䣬Ǿûججģֱһźۿ֪϶ҼǵˣҲˡ
ڵģֻʣ˱֡
ΪӣܸԼױָĻôΪˣ
ߡ
ǰаĶΪ϶ҼԼǰڷ絲꣬ſԸԼȥǵڲһˣǸԸԼڷ絲Ѿˡ

1279 л

1279 л
ԼҪǸڷ絲ˣܽ˱Լļ֮¡
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Į֮㲻Ϊѹˡ
䣬˲Ҫ˵Ļʶ۹ܿȥŲĵ񣬵Ŀ˵ţڵĹƳȻʱǱѹȥˣǱֵƵһ첻ĻΪԶĻ
ˣСǰС涫һЩ֣涫һɽЩʣµĹƳϾɱ󻼣
˵Ĺ򣬶ٿذ˲ǰ
µڣǲ뵱ңѾչأеȥĸˣ
ѰˣɵʣµĹƳ棬˵ͱҪȥ飬ֻǶһңο⼸εĹƳ֮ǶʣµӲˣҲǷȱҪǲȥһЩȥʹ
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ϱֹƬ֮ȴǽԼҪ˵ĻȥŶǰϿҼ֮Ҳ˾
á
ƳұϾֻǶһҵ飬Ҳŵ飬㲻ֻһҳ߷Ըҷ׷׵ǲٵӽָӣ
֪ڵĶ涫Ҽ𣬺ͲЩƳ˵˼룬Ҫ˵ʲôҲȥģȫҪ飬һжˣҸúõ̸һ̸
ҡ
˵ûƳȷǿ̲ݻġ
ȻʱĿס˹Ƴң˭Ҳұ֤ƵڱǲڳıŸıЩʱ˵ĹƳ棬᲻
ҪһԸƳʱ㾡ĽиǱƵٶֵʱȴʲô˵ģ
л
ǵĲ룬Ҳǻ˺ôǽԼҪ˵Ļȥֻ֡
л
֣ȴǰǧ
ǰ˶Բĸ顣
Щʱ򣬸ĺõһĳ̶ȵĻǲҪ˵ġ
ֻҪһֻǼ򵥵ļ֣˵һС
£㲻ȥֱתǵ뿪ˣаֵͣͣȥʱ᲻뿪룬У
иδȻǲܱŮ˽ǣסģ
ڵĵȻڶ࣬ǻȥĴ֮ҲûжˣȻǲܺᲢ۵ģһƻȻԶ˵صģļҲյ˲С˺
ǲÿҵٵѾһʲСĿˣټԼҵĵǣǧˣ
ɵҧͲš
ôˣ¹һˣ
ǰΪ¹Ƕڱ䲻ŻڵĵӴֲģڲһˣ˶֪˹Ƴ˵Ĵڣ֪СĽһЭҪȥ˸ץס
ͲŻУ
δܻɽ飬Ѫڵģ̲סЩ
ǿŶȥıӰҲŴ㣡
һҹϢͷҩԷ֮оԼǻ˹
岻ǰ˫ȷԴججˡ
Ҳű֮ǰ״̬˺ܶˡ
ȻǲˣȴҲһĺôġ
ǾϺϺѩÿǾ˵֮ûʲôúͼֵˡ
Ҳǵֻƴǵͬǿ빬ģҲûԼ鷳
һµõԼİȣҲһĻˡ
֮ǰһܵ˴ҪѰģǷӦˣǻ³ҪȥȻϣԼܾĻָ
ֻлָ˽֮󣬲ܼЩҪݺԼ˶ȥ
ϲĴ˽˵ĳչʾеŵĶ
ǽǵɽȥɱҰū˼ȥúõĽӡ
ȻϼҼϼҵⷽǳ׵ķˣƴǺֻҲǴǰûнϣڱˡ
ˣǳ׵ıϼҵĳһ䡣
Ȼûٹ鷳Ǳ˷˵Ҳ壬Ҳң˵Ҫָǰʳˣÿյ±ҲҪԸ㡣

1280 ˶ĵ

1280  ˶ĵ
ҺúƽʱΪ˱Ƚƣһ·ϱǺЩҲǴ˹ϵ໥á

ڼѵĻżõһЩҰζƽҪԱˡ
˵ȷǹ߻ݸ߲ȵûˣҲñĵط˲ṷۿ˵ͣϼҷʧȥüֵʱ֮ǰжĹȫͣˣٸĹҪʲôҲѣ֮ǰĻ
͵͵ĸԼ˲ٵӣӵķϣЩ˵˵һЩ
ϹЦݣźеҰҲź˵ŮڹŹһ⣬ȻҲУȴҲ˲飬ż𺦡
ʱҪĲһʱ򣬿û뵽ϼһǰķ飬ѾԤϵˣҲûʲôʧͺˡ
Ϊ
֮ǰѾˡ
Ȼûɽȥȴǵȥӱһ˲ȥֻһĿģЩԼˣȫȥ
Ҫ
ڵǶôļѣҪԼҧȥ
ɫ԰ĿȴǸ˳źĵҲ᣺ãȥ˰ɣʱһȡ
΢㶡
һţ
֮ǰԺд⣬Ҳ֪ûй֪
ⲻУū澲ң
ƣıҪ£ȴһ޷
ôһֻҰԼһ˳ԲģҲڹ棬ʱͬգһЩ˾˰ɣ
ľȵĿЩ仯촽΢ŵĺһû˵óǾǳ׵ıһһ֮ǰȷᡣ
ȴ׵ġ
˵˾ܸоڼװڹװһģʵȴ˼˺¼ɵ
ȫһˣ
ͺǴӹģһˣ
ʵú𾪣ѵ֮ǰԼ뷨ˣ˵˵۹ⲻ׼
⻹ǡ˾Ⱥʹأ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ܿģı㽫ԼľȸѹȥЦŵĳ˵ͷ
á
ǹ񰮣ǺıԽˣ
ǸʲôˣⶼͺûκεĹϵģֻԼıָ顣
ת뿪ĺģҲ˼ĻصԼķ֮ڡ
ѵõ徲ǰǸԼҲǺþòټ
˰
ӵġ
ǰòҲͿڿľ˵ɽ˺ģı䣬һˣŮ˾ͱòֵǮˡ
Ҫ˵ʲô鲻ġǶ࿴һ۶ᷳɣ
ǡ
Ժǻ᲻Ծĸֳһǰ̺۵
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԴ֮ԺбǲԾֳӰ
ǡһű鲼̺۵ÿγֵʱ򣬶ὫŵòᣬǼҲǻ̲סԼ˵Щ
˻ţֻŸȥˣӦԼǿŻ᲻ܱ˵۸
Ȼˣȴлں֮С
ܲȷһҪ飬ͬȴҲǾԡ
ܶǲûȴ̫֮ܵλȨ㳯Ұ
˿ôҲһԣ
ٴ󿻱ߣſ˺ľСϣɲûһһ󼱴ٵĽŲűһȵ˵ֱĵüͷ
񣬾Ҫöģ
Сأ
첽Ժʱ򣬺ĺľںԺ׼ʳԺֻжһˣҲԽķˣҪǺĺͶҲڵĻ»װģһ¡
Ƕ
ûʲôõĵˡ
Ͼ֮ǰαŶǶҲ֪ģ͸ûʲôˡ
ԺɨĶһ㶡
Ϊ첻أ
ΪҪһСԺ棬ûκ˹ˣ
죡
ֻģǶҲΪһˣôܻôҪģ
֮ǰһڿѷֵģأ
ⶼʲôʲô
֮󣬲Ϊ˵죬ûеæΣʧӰˡ

ҪʧӰٵҲУǸֻɫǸģ°˼ʧҲʧˣ
Ƥĳ̶Ѿ˶֪Ŀܡ
ѾõĲˣˣ
ռôռ
Ѿ޳˰
ֱ൱޳ܰ

1281 ʲôˣ

1281 ʲôˣ
˲̷˵ʱӰ٣Ѿˣ̷ֿˣܹˣ
ǶĵЦݣ֪϶ֻǵҪӦ˰ɣ
ǰʲôˣ
Ǹλ΢ңҲôɡ
֮֮ȥ
ǻϳҲҪӲˬʱǰοһԱ⡣
컹ĽԼɻˣ
ģ
̫˶ˣ
ûɫˣӦ˲źˣ
ͿҪˡ
ǣȴЦŵĿĵҪԽԽãԽҲ˰˭Ҳ˵˭
ҪǲĻǽӹ̫ˣ
ʱԵĸܵɣҲĻָ˹
öܲˡ
ںˣ
¼еЦ֪ǹʲôģáԽԽãȥǰȥɣ
źǿġ
ոսԺ棬Ҳ֪ڸʲôܲⱳԺӣ죬ɷµһԶȴڲϵĳ찵ʾ
үĻ岻ʱڴϢүذɣĪҪŴϢ
ĵͷȴ΢΢һĨȻЦݣҲǼŶĻô岻أ
ģҲŵϢģֻǹȥȻеĵģ޷
ԺæŰɣùҡ
䣬㲻ȥǾֱĳŷŴȥȥúõڻ´һҲ֪ôˣŻ͸ֶβԼԼȻǵģȴǲþô뿪ɣټ˵岻ʣϢҲûй˻һ
񡭡
ɵĻûˣҲԼ˺ܶ࣬ҲָˣʱֱӺ¶ˣ
Ǻǡ
ĵ޷
°޷İɣ
ҪĻˣȴòװģ졣
үذɣʵǲ
ǲҪǰȥˣ
үү
ʹûʲôʵϵãûֹκνŲûб棬췴Ǿö̫룬ŲѸ٣ֱӿ첽뷿ڣҲ˶ĺֱ潫ϡ
Ϣó
ŷڵĿҲǱȡ
ûң
켱еĿǰڷ֪ΪʲôȻоú֮ǰһˣ֮ǰˣ
Ϊ˰ɣ¿ԼǶ˼ֽҼ޲ֱǰȥڻУݺݵıͰһ
ɢŹ˷ܵĳ߹ȥǲ룬ڵ֪ʱȴɫţɢſܣʲô
ûпϹ졣
䡣
ֻǴǰͬ죬ΪҪȥ裬ڡѾкˣôܻȥռ˱ˣ
ÿÿദ޾Ķġ
ﲻӭ㣡
䣬ֱӿ죬ǲ룬ȴ⣬ûƤûļǰҪֱӽڻУ֪϶ҵˣ
ڹûЩʱԲԡҸоõĿֻΪԼü춼ûйԴˡ
Īĳɾ͸С
Щ춼ǸɣŸֶβңҹģʵҵһֱϣͰͲùˣ죬Ҹǳɲڵʱ򣬱æŹˡ
԰ҿˣұһ°ɣ

˵Ļ˻
컹ĵԼǸ˲ɣ
𣿡ĿĿҪסһ㣺ﲻӭ㡣
İԼһ¶ˣΪ˭Ǹɵһǿɱ
Ц
ʵԼжѵԼû𣡡
촽˵Щ
ϵЦݽӲɫͬĿ˵Щ񣬶ǡΪԴ׶
ȻȻ˵Լ̫˶ģ
˭ôڲ𴩵Ļ϶ǲùġ
ϵЦݽʧ˵ʲô
̲סЦ㲻ŵģֻǺЦ˵ʲô
˵ʲôѵ֪𣿡

1282 Ҫı·

1282  Ҫı·
Ҳʵ㣬ǰΪҪӣƴǲϸѲҵͷϣҵҲ֪ˣ˺ˡ
ǻʲô
Ȼᣬ˵Ļȴʮ㡣
˵ڵĳ̶ϣѾˣ֮ǰǵΪҪӲźһģˣҲûôˡ
˵ϲֻá
ðˣ
ûüֵˣǸñһƿˣ
䣬תҪڿ졣
ദһ𣬺ͬĿϼĲʣҪٺʲôܵĽӴ
ɲ룬ȴǱĮıļŭˣ
ð
˾ȻǴһʼԼ
Ȼ֮ǰҲϲģǱϾ˶ҪҪģԶŮǱһ̬ȣŮֻͬҪȴ˵
ԭαװһɫŤŭĿ˵һΣ
ǣ˵һҲ
ǰ֮㣬ֻΪҪӶѣ˭ĶҪֻǿ֮ǰһһڱ߻֮ȥֻǿˣ
ԲŻ򱾹ĻᣬڱֲˣҪֵֻĹʲôã
ˣԴһҪɹУҲǶ̬Ȳȥɣ
ŭ𣬷ֱһֱӳϣˣ
㾹Ȼң
Ϊ㻹ǴǰǸ߸ϵϼҴС𣿡
ΪڻǴǰı𣿡
㣬ǿһмɫķϣҲſϹ㣬οο㣬ƴС˾ֻ֪𣡡
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ƣ
ª¶ˡ
ĶЦȴת˻ǳζͶ
úõĥһɣҪǻȥԺŰ취ĲźĺľޣǹĴŵġ¡Ҫģ
ʱԺ
ֽĽҰɱ֮ëϴ֮ǰ빬ʱƶ˼ҵĺӣ³һϵе鲢İҪҲǹټ׵С빬ĻǼԷ¡
רעһԵľȴǾð
ģ˵ǿô찡
ѵԺԶҪСԺ𣿡
ľҧŴǲĵĿ⣬ĴǴҶ֪飬Ҳûʲôϣˡ
Ǵʱŵģɲڹ档
ڹ棬ǲܳ裬ǲǱǿԼڹġ
ڲһ
Ǹ˵ŵģҪǻȥʱ3ƴǲŴǲҲҪ˳ƽǸż̷أ
ǿɲУ
ľǹ˺ӵġ
ڹҲΪŮ̷ˣ⹬еˮƽƧױģǵū澣ҲҪߴߣˮʹ
ľ޿϶ǻҪȥġ
֪ҲôġĵǿĺܿµĴǶǣҲûʲôʵԵãͨһЩõµΪҪ
ľȴͻȻ£Ժи뵽˸ð취
ۼˣĵĴյ˺ĵǰģҿΪϵõģҪ֪һǧܸ߱˰
Ŀľصģֻú֣Ҫʲô
ľ޺ٺٵЦЦȻ̷һλϹʧˣǡϹҲʧ˰
ⲻ
ƴǺ3ո˵ҪϺϺѩҲΪմŻȥʱҲҪϺϺѩһϻعģ
ûˡ
ǿɲֻһϹ
СϹأ
ź˭ź
˭߲ūţαҪûʲôõߡ
Ķʱľ޵˼ʹ㣺Ҫı·
ȻľҲûĵͷش𣺡ϺϺѩ˸ոձΪ˹ȻδвҲûʥּǻʺѾܹ鲻ǻģǰȥϺϺѩ˵ǰռһϯ֮أعס͹Ůū͵ʱ򣬾ûʲô¶ˣ
ľ鶼ǽˮ¥̨ȵ¡
һҪʹȫı£ȥֺϺϺѩˣǿԸϺϺѩصĻʹ˵ϺϺѩһƴǵĳ谮¸һӰŮģҲǰ̺ͳ·
ٲá
ܻعУ

1283 ôˣ

1283 ôˣ
ع֮ˮ̫ˣ·һ
߲ߣľƳźģǿʶķϲŻô˵ģ㣬ʱǧ۵ʱ򣬻ǵϣ뿪ɣ
ľȻǰٰȰ˵ǺȴҲֻҡҡͷûô࣬ҲߣʲôҾʲôҪߣ߰ɣҲһȴҲǲġ
ֻһҪһϺϺѩҲδǺ̷ģµȻǼŵģҲ֮ӹ˳죬ԡ
һ٣㲻ʲôʱ򣬶Ǻúõ룬ľɣ
£ı㲻ȥľޣǼææµ顣
ðɣ
ľޱ˱죬ĲԼһ𣬵Ҳûж˵ʲô㲻߾ˣʱ÷ˣ˵Ҳ㰡
˵ա
ľޱת˳
˵
Ҫı·ھͿʼ֡
óӻδ׵ĺȫʱ͸ԼҺ˳·ȫˣͷҲŸˣʱֱܻƣֻǽʧǵϾͲˡ
ôţľ޽ŲҲɵüӿ죬ÿȥϺϺѩõǰˣ
ľѸٵ뿪ʱֻԶԶĿľ޴ҴȥıӰ
û˵ʲôֻװµĽ˳æ
ڷеִȴԽԽס
ʼνͱĵĿ죬ҲǱŵܵ˼裬ٿǰץĲҧмô仰Сˣ㡣
ڹң㣬һҲŭˣδֻ֮УûκһԸˣ
ƴǲҪĶҵǰң
ͻԣŭĿ޲ֱӽС˸һ
ץס˲ϢĸоɫǺ죬ǼˣҲôͷʵ̫ӣͲֵٺչȥ
ĪĺڣΪʲôԼϹҸ˴պأ
ΪΪ㡭㡭Ǻܶģ
¡¡ҡġĻɫҲǡǿ㡭
ɫʹ࣬Ǽѵ˵Ļǲ֪ΪʲôȴĪʹģǿǱŤģ͸ӵĸˡ
ǡˡģ

Ҫ˵Щ̼Ļ֮Цģû뵽еˣץԼĲ뿪˵棬ϢĸоԽԽŨǿҵˡ
ָĿϸ첲ϣܲһ㶼ûм١
ѵҪ
ֻúǺЦ
֮ǰԼʱɣڲȴô
ˣҲǴǾĵģҲٺŹֵĽӴ˾˰ɣĻ˵ָоرʹ죬ģ
ܱʲô鶼һ˱棬ΪֺˣҪίԼ
ӽպҲҪίԼ
ٿر۾Ѿ˸׼ǾڲҪϵʱǰͻȻʧˣҲǴٶڵϡ
ãȻ˫ۣÿ֮ǰҪԼ죬ʱںԼһ̬
˰УɫǺ죬ɫʹ࣡
ҲǱŲĵ˰С
ˡ
磡
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˵һεʱżȻɺϵĻԼôأ
ѵɺ
϶ģ
ţҲżָ˺ͼġ
ڱĬĬıԼ
Ӷµʱʼ𣬾ǲʲô鶼ǿԼȥģû뵽ȻҲǱ˱ġ
汾ǶĺøУ¡
Щøб㳹׵ĳ˸жˣ
ۿģʱҪ˵ʱûչֳڼһ˲䣬ȻԼίҪ޵ġ
粢δʱشĻƱ䣬첱ҲǰƵþͿҪϢ
ɫǺ죬ͻԣ˫˫Ÿεڰ
Ҫѿκ˵ʵʵ̫ˣκεãôҲͽ͵ġ
Ŀ䡣
ƾҲţ
Ǵûм㲻Ҫˡ
һˣŮ˹ȥѾǹ˲ݵˣ
ǽ˼£

1284 ɱ

1284 ɱ
ôʧ裬ҲôŮˣҲ̷ġ
ΪһˣŮѵʱԼŮûаչˣΪԼЦҪɱڡ
֮ǰʶʱҪǼУҲǲֽɱ
ȻȴǿŴ죬ͻȻǰ磺ȵȵȣô̫ˣ
۾
ץȴٿѿ
õɵĿ⾪ֵĿվߵ硣
Ӿϻϣܵ˼ĳ
ߵ˭
Ϊʲôô书һֵʱԼȻ㷴ֵûУֱӾͱס˲ӡ
С
书ǿˣǾʲôΪʲôϢô䡣
Ⲣһ˵ѹǴɢĮ
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С
˵
ʱˤڵϵֻú羪κһ𾪣ȴǾȵ˵ǲ˵
еϸܵɱֻǸǰΪǲ书ˣʧ豻ϼҼʲô˻
ǰȴһ
书ʵ̫ǿˡ
ıܽԼɱᴵ֮Ǹǿʳ磬ھԵʵǰʵĵͷųǴ
أڻָԼϢȴָЩŵָ㡭
ǣ
ááá
ҶģҲ㣡
պԶҪټɣװŭʱȴǽŲɵóŴڵλãĵģǰص˲עʱ򣬺ѸٵĴӷߣ
ԺӣҲͲܽԼôˣ
Ҳһֱǰ˲ڵʱٺúõʰʰɽˮģѵûл
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С˼֮£ݣ紽ǻһĨĻȣҲķ
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Ĵʱ򣬴ǵĳȴǸˣֻǰ˺ɵƺǺЦʱѵӦùǰʹĿ裿
ǻҪ˼
֪ɣ
Ϊ֪ɵx
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绺ĿڣʵǺģϸĻȥǱĿǰ̺۵ʶԲһ꣬ģ
ɫȻĿںֵʱҲĿһ
˺ܶ࣬ͷһˣһ˲䣬һִ֣Ҳ֡
ֻһ˲䣬Լͨͨԭ԰׵Ҳǲĸ˼ĨΣ֪ԼЩӦ˼ͱЩʱ˵ġ
㲻ͣԼԼ㣬һٵĽԼЩ˼ѹȥǿװ򶨵ģļƳ졣
ǰȷǲôˡ
˶ĵӦǧвǣֱ̫ʹˣعͬĿĿһɪɪ졣
Ҫǻ˱Ůˣǻ۸ģƵи۸̤ˡ
ϧǡ
Сͱ˸ļǿ
ԼΪԼųͷҲΪԼԲ׵ľô˸ˣ
ɱ㣬ֻҪĹúõĥ㣡
ɣ1£ŴĿĶϡ
硭
ǶƹƳģ
һкܶĹƳ棬ЩƳóһιȥ컹ôſֻȫѪҺĪѪü
ҪЩǰ۸Լ˶ӦеĴۣ

1285 Ҳ

1285  Ҳ
ȫԼĽģǰͷһ
Ļɴ˫ĿвŵĿͻȻĵһɺ⣬ȫͷš
⻹ǡ
Ǹ֮ǰԼΪ
ȷϲġ
ҪĻҲôֻ꣬ϲȴǺ٣Ϊһ˵ϺͽŪĲݣ
ڡ
ڿʼǻԼǲǴǰ
Ͳ˽
ĿķӦͱ֡
Ŷԡ
ʲôΣգӦžԺֶ̬εȥԸЩҪԼˣǵõӦеıӦ
á
绺ĵͷҲĪĶ˼ᡣ
ǲĵɴֵĿ⣬һһǿĳȥ
ֻ˫ȷҪķֱߣɲһеľٶжǸЦһڿСһľٶֱŪĸо
飡
Ÿոձ֮󣬱Ѹٵıˣٶȱġ
Ǻǡ
籡ĴٶҲǱľٶЦĪ
¡
ֻǸտʼʱЩʹ࣬Ӿ˾ͺˣͻϰˡ
Ȼ׶Ĵ̹ǣʵĻĻҩģҪҪͿԼķӦˣѵõģ羹ȻһԿ˵ôĻ
ǻֱ֣ӽһϸİɫĳӾɴ˫𾪵ֱŵĿ֮£ֱӽƳĿУҶȥ
ͨ
첱־ȻɿٶȺǻһֱӶ˵ϡ
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ȴû֮ǰһô˼ˣеֻǿֻźͺ¡
Ż
Ż
ڵϣ亹ȴǲͣĿԼɤӣͼϸİɫĳӸ˳ϧ˶ȥԼ죬ֻˮܽϸİɫĳӸ³1
ʱһֱھŹƳҵģȻʶԼĶϸİɫĳʲô
ǹƣ
ǹƳ棡
ǰª书ǿˣȻǶ¹Ƶģ
Ȼʶģ
ҪԼ
Ż
Ż
ڵϣͷ𣺡ǡúݶģ
ǺǺǣݶʲô˵ЦһŮ˵ҵЩֶ㲻ʲôġ
ƽ˴Ůˡ
ҵ˵ı֣
ЩϢˣǲ׺Ů˶ֵģŮ˻ԼŮˣ
ֵģӦðĻ˵ǧлĥģֱɱȷ̫ϧˡ
úõһСɰĶĸоɣ
Ц
˫ͻԣ˫߬ǴȥƴģǲԼոոŻûãϸİɫĹƳԼĸпʼƴĽ
ʹ񾭺ȫ¡
ʹһ仰˵ֻܹڵɫʹ࣬ûֱ֮˵ϣһţ

ʹڷд
վһԵȴûа֮ģֻЦŵĿڵϹӲдģ
ġ
һˣ
˰ǼƤӣ
֮ǰûȥʱ컹ҸоãûͻįҪһΪʧ֮ͻڲ衣
ºˡ
ĶһƳȥҲţ
ҲҶˣ

ҵĵͺеĳЦԽԽ࣬ۿŵһŵ죬ÿЦ
ڱι˹Ƴʱ컹Ҫٶ֣ҪͼЮвҩƳԼóȥڡ
ڱƳĥȥһʱȴ򲻸ٶˡ
ڵϣѵϵľʹһڵķŲĿ󡭡㡭
ˡ
ǡ֪֪ˡ
ҡҰɡ
˫˺Ѫ˿ͷ𣬿ȴݵĿһˣڵеֻпֻźͺ£ҧʹȫȥȹڣˡҰɡ
ҲҲҡˣ

1286 ⻹

1286  ⻹
ǣİʱȴǰֶΪ
Ǻ˽˵ģӵһʼʱ֪ˡ
촦ƣΪ˻ȥԼ˵ҪԼŹյݻ˹ӸµĻ²ô죬춼Լ·ģ
׻˵ĺá
·ڸԼ·
һŽԼ߿죺ôۣҪۼβŻ
ԴĿһԵϡ
ûнҩĻۻÿ췢һΣº㿪ʼÿΣֱƳĶ潫ҧóöΪֹҪʱ˰ɣ
ģеĿڡ
˵ÿһ仰Ƕ˵Ĵ
˻
˻ʹˡ
Ҫô۵ĥ˰꣬Żᱻҧóö
⻹

ĺվ嵽ǰݺݵƣǸСˣȻôݶ
ϧ쵱۵ʲôʶûˡ
󡭡
ֱ۵Ļ˹ȥ
еııˡ
ûð
ƳȷۣƴǷƳʱһܵԼȥֿƳ棬쵹ˣӲͦŵͶûУȻôֱӵĻȥˡ
ֻǵһ죡
̫ˣ
촽Ĵӿ³ô֡
ҲĶ˼ֳŪ̧֣һСƿ
װŽҩˣ飬Ըʱ͸
һҩԱ֤ʮİȣû֮Ҫ
֮㿪뿪ˡ
ֻ·ŵģȴÿ˹˳Ƹ󣬰һڶҪȥ
ǸôƳˣ˵ʲô׵ķŹģ
Ǹˡ
š
һʱ̵ıڲߣ
ҪߣȴǽĽ͸ԼǸСƿģҪ뿪ıӰֹ㡭
Ҫˣôȥ㰡
ҪΪʲôΪʲôԼЩ˿еʱֱ˻ȥֻʣ⡣
š
ʵΪ⿴ǺҪӡ
פŲȴδͷȻĿ˵ȥɽ֮ǰǼĵطͿˣ
ôĹƳɽѾˡ
Լ֮رҪѰˡ
µסǸɽϣҲôɵĿҪµ
£Ӱȴ˲ʧ֮ڡ
վԭأеСƿõǰȴǽһĨЦݵģǴĵɢЦݣůġ
Сƿһ¶ȣǴ˿˿ҩ㣬һμʱִ̱ǵѪζȫһĸо
ʱʱһĨЦݣͺŮһĸˣֻһ
СĽԼеСƿʱ򣬿ڵѾʹȥ죬бٶ񣬸ǲͬһңֱת˷ţ˺ԺȥҺˡ
ŹƳͽҩ㲻ٺֺˣҡ
ļʱ֣ǸһִҲʱ̶ԼһżģҲȴǰҪá
̤Ժʱ򣬱ŵһŨļζ
õĿСæµĺģеĻǸǰкô˺ģ𣿡
Щأ
ڵָֻԼ塣
ʲôӣʲôʲôܼӿָƣʲô
ĵΪæµ˵ģҲЩæҵģôֵطվһϢһ°ɡ
ͺˣū˺ˡ
û£ԼһŵЩˣ֫콩Ӳˣųߣ˽ҾУҺһ𡣡
ǲʲô˵ĹֱӽԼǵҪͺһģļ״˵ͷǺãС̣
á
˹֮Ŀɨһ۳ʵˣľȥˣ
ľޣϵЦһ٣۹ҲǸǺܿģ˸ʵĿڣǸ˵ԼͻȥϢˣľޡľҲǡ
һǲ˵ѵģÿһ˵ѱǲôѯʣֱӿ
ֻļ򵥻ش˼ֹģ֪һ⣬ԼѹҲֻǵȻЦЦûм׷ȥǹɵĿڣǺãǺúõϢϢɣЩҲȷ̫ˣ

1287 ѱ˼

1287 ѱ˼
⼦һȣ
ҲЦŵ˵ͷɲǣū澽Ҳմ˿ڸˣ
Ǣ׼š
һԵľޣĴ֮̽󣬳ɹҵϺѩϺԺӡ
ƴǺֻѾȷ˵Ҫ빬Ϊ·ĵϺϺѩ׼Σò֡
ľ޶ڽУ˺ܾãֱϺϺѩ˽֮󣬲ŸǰֱӹϺϺѩ˵ǰ
λС
ϺϺѩȺס˽ŲֵĿǰˣľߵ˵ʱϺϺѩ˵ɫ
˵ϸд˲ӭ
ʲôϺǲãǸҪ˵ӻҪʹʲôֶΣȥӣպʵʵıֵַģôһһڷԣǱһİӿԹ
ߣ
ϺɵһϺѩǸſڣǾǣѾǸµĸˣȻŲ֣Ҫ飿
ϺϺѩ˵ǲġ
ڵѾȫûκεô
ƴûϲģֻݺݵĵˡ
ˣϼҼҲûʲôôˡ
µݵλ˵зˣǲˡ
ô
ôܳ裿
ֺ޼ֵõˣϺϺѩоǷ͸ʵʵļβ͵ԼԺš
ûȥĻѾǺܸˣû뵽ȻôĲҪ˷ˣ

ϺϺѩƱҪ뿪ľȴǿİת֮ʱֱӳ˵ǰ˹ȥֱӹ˵ǰλС㣬ȵһ£ūľޣλС㲢˼ūԼҪġ
ľϴֺõЦݣæĿڽͣϺϺзȴüĽɻĿŹԼǰľޡ
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ֲǲģԼǵģ
¶ǺܸЦ
֮ǰߵĶķԣֱӽеϢǣʵĳһڶڵˡ
ȻһѾľҲǹԼǰ
Ҫʲô
˵ҲǺЦ
˴λ߾ֻǴô˻ģһѱ䣬˵ʵʧܵġ
ҪʧܵĻôֵ룬˷ĳ̶ˣ
Ŷĳӳ̶ȣҲϺϺѩöľûôĵִҪľ޵ô˵ġ
ǲڶ侮ʯٿң
Լģ
ԼҪ˵ʲôϺѩϺ໥һۣ˱ĽĿľ޵ϣȴľ޿ڡ
ϺϺѩ˲ûֱ뿪ľһϲæĿڽţλС㣬λСɻϺͻʺĶ裬Ҫ빬ġ
λСϾ֮ǰһֱϼҵģ϶ǲ̫Ϥеأˡū澱ŹλСߣܰλС㣬Ǳǵū澵ˣ
ľ޴Цݣǹĳ˿˸ͷ
ȻͶĻûֱ˵ȴҲ˵ĺˡ
ϺϺѩȻǵõ˶׼ǿ빬ΪģǻʹɽǰȵģɭϣҪڶࡣ
Ҫûж¶һŵĻǻ᲻Сķ
ʱҪǱƴǺֻǾͲˡ
һ㣬ľ޻Ǻĵġ
Ҳô׵ĹϺϺѩˡ
һҪԼİæ
Ȼ
ľĵ˵˻֮ϺѩϺ໥֮䣬Ѿ΢΢Ķҡ֮ǰϵĵҲŽʧˡ
ǰ
֮ǰôû뵽һˡ
ĶǾҪ빬Ϊϲú͸ˣȴ֮ǰԼûȥİĵط
˶İ鶼Īģδ֪Ŀ־ģһڹǲصġ
Ҫ˿Ц˵Ҫ˸ֵģ
ⲻС
ֻƬ̵ĹϺϺѩѾ˴㣬ŵϹŵǰ̵ľޡ
պҪָպϲԣһȥ˶ԼľҲûоܾĵˡ
Ȼ֪պڹеʲôģڣõľ޵ġ
ѾͷϺ񻺻ĿڣͣƬ̡
ڵϵľЩš
ϺĿ޵Ѿͷĺܶ¡
ĺܶ¡
ֻһ仰Ǳ˵Ϳˣ
ǴԼˣ
ľпϲæĳϺϺѩ˵ͷллλС㣬лλС㡣
ľ޺ǸмλСպľ޶ȥЧλС㣬ԲλСʧ
ɣ
Ϻѩ̬˼ˣպǵ߰ɡ
ܻܲܣ˵ˣǲõģǻȥ˵һġ
ϹҲ˵ʲô

1288 С˵־ľ

1288 С˵־ľ
Ϻ֮ǵ⣬ڵվǵǰ˵һ䲻ûаɣ
ҪߵһѾͷҲ˵ʲô
ߴߣˮʹ
Լã͹ֲµԼԼǰ̣ұĳ·ˣ
Ϻѩ򴽵ĿϺ񣬽öղľ޸ǼĲУ
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ҪܵϺϺѩõεĻδǰ̻֮ǰ߲١
ҪǣϺϺѩϼҼ֧֣˹֮ҲһòϵĳҵĻҲûʲôֻҪϼҼﲻãôǱһֱȵڹȥľ޵ĽҲˣ
·ľ޿ɶ˴˵ģ
лλС㣬ū澶лλС㡣ľٶȾϲĳ˹
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£ϺϺѩ˱תƵĻصԼԺ棬ȥľޡ
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ơ
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ͺļľתЩ⣬ľޣֻֻȥԸκ˵˷ʱ䣬ľŪʲô۶ӶԼûϵ
ľްôQôQԼԽԶԽá
ͲľʧԼǰ
ȴüͷĿС˵־ľޣЩɻǰڣľޣҪʲô
ľ޻ʱϵıߵʱϵıȫһģͺǻ˸һڵľĪ˵С˵ˣӦø׼ȷ˵ֺˡ
ۼԼ˴Ÿջȴʲôû˵ûȥǰкֱӻصԼԺ棬صԼԺ֮󻹿ʼʰ
ľҪ
Ҫȥ
ߵĹŮû׼ǲ뿪ġ
οţɲǻʹľزģҪߣʱȥģ
ο滹йƻ֡
һСҪˡ
ǲ룬ľڿǰѯʵĺģûаֹסжĴ㣬ֻѸٵʰԼѣǺܸӵĿڻش𣬡İģ֮ǰͺ˵㲻ţʵ㣬Ѿҵ˸õĳ·ˣԺ㲻ټϹ̷ˣ
ϺϺѩλδĹѾӦҪˣ
ߣ
ľֹסļڿ뿪Ժˡ
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֮Ҳûʲôģ͹ϵѵڱҪˣҲûʲôòԥġ
ľ޵Ķ죬ֻǼ򵥵ʰһԼõѺΣĶδһۣԺҪõģЩñ㲻Ҳûʲôˡ
ҪˣԺذɣ£ľޱҪߡ
ȴĸס󣬡ľޡ㵱桭
ΪʲôߣûȺĽȫĻ˵ľޱ㷴ֽĵѿˣĿ䣬֮ǰûиʲôô˻ƾʲôҪҸһԿ࣬ҲŲɣ
ΪΪʳ
ʵľҲû
ֲĺӣҲ񶫶С͸ߣһǺѡ
ʲôûУҲʲôûеõȴҪ
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ڰȴǽľ޵Ļ˸һ㿡ŵҲһ
֮ĻصԼķ䵱Уʱʱһһţڵϻ˯ţĪᷳ
һԵѾ˵Ĳˮֱӽϡ

ˮıֱڵϻ˯Ӿѣɴ˫ǲţ˻


1289 ϲһ

1289 ϲһ
Щ֪ĿԼ壬ֿŴѾ׺ҹɫɫ˲Сˣ
ȻҹݺңŲȥ߼ǽ
Ŀ׺ݣ˵ʱҧгݡ
ǸαˣǰԼӡ
ҪȻҲӦӭȢɣΪȢ֮ǼŮˣҲʸȥ֮λġ
û뵽ȻЬϣ˹ƣ
޲ֱǰȥ
ȻƵڴϵ׺ݵʱȴûаľţǱϮǣǺǣƾ㣿
ɱң
㻹Ǻ˰̾ǲǣ
촽ĵ˵ô仰
ðҪǲ͹ɱңҲûʲôֻҪܹƳĥ۰Ż᳦öҲǲ
㾡ȥ߼Ҿ㡣
Ŀ졣
Ųвأ
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ƾҲ䣿
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к죬ǺڣΪʲôô񶾵ŮˣϧȴûκεôˣҲˡ
ǲҽԼͺֱĽ£鲢ïµĿ֪ˣ֪ˡ
ǰҶԲ㣬ԺһúõĲ㣬һúõչģġ
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첻ͣҡףǲӲģӣֱ˶Ҫݡ
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ҲúǸµ棬ҲǸĹƳĥˣ
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濴㹶Ӳдģжʹˡ
ǱߵȴɫٶСˣŲӺͬھ
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С˵Ĳʶ̧٣ҲȥˣֱȶֽˣԾãҲã˭Ҳû˭ȥ
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ɲȴǰɵûУֻЦŵĿ죬ֻܶҶ֣ǵģȷǿ԰ҸɱˣҲҵ̬ȣˣļ˻л·𣿡

Ȼָ硣
Ǹ̵ĳ̶ȣ֪ҪôԼˣһǲưոݵģԼļˡ
ȻǸˣȴҲԵ޹ʵľԼļҲŸŹƳĥ

ԼϵĹƳ档
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ȴǲ߸ϸĿ죬ʵĴŰɣٲʶ̧٣Ҳ棬ʵĹԹԵˣǸһŵĽҩҲûпܵˡ
ʱҪıˣ
˫ɺĿȴ֮£ĽԼķŭѹȥΪΣĵԴ

1290 Ҵ򣡺ݺݵĴ

1290 Ҵ򣡺ݺݵĴ
ĵͷ̲סЦ
ЦܵͣĶȴĪĴ̶⽥ҹĻµҹĹ졣

ȷǿƣǽģܿ졭
ЩҪݺԼˣǺһ³һĽԼĽ£Լһ
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Ц˺һֻһϮӦúõϢһˣ⼸ΪڲУֻԼƤ״̬ôˡ
ŵʱһЩЩϢڴϵƤ±ϸ۰𪡣
ҵĽҩѾ˺ܶ࣬۰Ͱ͵ĿĹƳĥǰȥˣأ
ҪڲԼҩĻ»Ҫһĥ
ĥǱܡ
˼ģĸܵƳԼĶҳײƫƫԼȴʲôˣֻڵϣʹţ
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˵˱ˣô˻𣿡
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װһģǸ˭أ
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ոմ򿪷ŵʱԺȴͻȻһӰ
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ûûʱҲӰˡ
ѯ֮ʣֹ֪ˣ
ǡ

С˾ͺ겻ɢһҪԼԣҪ첻𰡣
ԼҲɷģûбƴǶ࿴ҪԱ˵δƽ⣿
ϻбŵ
Ҳˡ
ʲôͲʲôĺͲԸֱӽС˸ҪʹĶ࣡
ֻҪˣҲֵܰĻصԼˣʱ򲻹Ǽ׻Ƕ죬ǶԼˣ
ѾһˣǵˣҲûʲô˻ע⵽ġ
˫ֱֱֹĳȥˣɣ
Ȼδ׵Ĵȥ֮ǰһӰȻĳǰֱӽɵĹ˻ȥ
ɫӵĿɣҪֱӸߡ
ڵǰʵڲǸ˵ĺʱ
ɲѾͷ˵ģ侲Ҳ侲ǿԼʹɫֻٶȵĳڵķ򹥻ȥ
ͷʼɶֻ۵Ŀɺ֮Ķ
ֻԽľúЦ
ʵģڴĳ̶ϣźܴĳ̶ȵ
ǰոյԼɱȲҲŹˣºˣȥˣֱԼˣ
á
ЦЦĿ죬ĵȴķӦ
Ȼϵľֻһ˲䣬ܿľͷת䣬ɣֱӽɵĹ˻ȥɵص˦˳ȥ
飡
⧲ֱˤ˵ϣʱ֮䳾ĿڴĻۡ

1291 Ȼ

1291 Ȼ
ɵɴ۾ŵĿ졣
ȻҴ
ôص֣
ꡪ
͵һѪɵĿ˳ȴǸܲһҧٶȵĴӵվ죬ң㾹ȻҴң
˫ȭգ˫Ŀɣû꣡
Ǹ˽ˣԼɸôãҲǶ΢ˣ첢Ҫô˺ɣҲ֣ʵǡ
ʵһԿţǲֵĻòҩˡ
òҩ˾ͻҪ쾭ʹһ
Ϊѡ
𲻶£ϽȥûȥĵطѾڻѵĺˣͷϵôó
ҴңȻΪŮִң
ɵֻʣһ顣
ֻʣΪִԼ
Ѿǵڶˡ
һεʱΪɴԼһƣڶξȻֱӵҪԼȭŹˡ
Ҵң
ٶȳ칥һԿֵȴЦȻĿ㱩ŭɣĵǻĴĿ˵˳Ǻǣ磬Ҫúõıְ
Ů˾ȻҪңҪúõıңȻˣ
ƵͬɵĶǼ̶ģǳƣĶȴħһ㡣
ˡ
ˣ
ôУ
ҪԼҩأ
һǲԼٳܹƳĥʹ࣬һǴС׷Լߵɣֻһ˲䣬ѡ񣬻̧֣Ĺĳɵϳ˹ȥ
ž
İֱԭأЦ绨ǺǺǡǺǺǡ
ã԰ã
ˮȻķӦȴǻǴһµ״̬ãȻĲ֪ǰʲô飬յĺ׺ԣѪ
졭㡭
ɱû
ȴǿֲ¶ļ죬磬ոմһĺ˧
뿴
Ϸһᣬҧٶȵǰֳ̧֣ɵһõ˹ȥ
žžž
̧֣Ǽ¡
ɵѾ׵ĺͷһǱÿڳݲ壬ʱҲǴ𾪵лعһĶȭߣֻǵƾһĵŮ˵ûˡ

˵壬ȴǶεδڵϡ
ٲҪ죬ʱɵҲΣ첽ǰֱӽɵ˫ָǿƵץסȴвźѪ˿ĻͷĿ̫ˣ̫ˣͽߡ
ǺǺǣá
õġ
Ҫúõʰʰ˭Ǽˣ
ʹ죬ֻýеķҲ̼٣ʱá
ıôã찢ŶнҪأĳƳһۣһ˫ˮļӰط粨ǿץסȴܵ˸Ĵ̼
ֻӦ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ɣʼǴǳǳСŷõģ˵Ļȴ챳
컹òޣֱӺݺݵҧֱϡ
˻
۵ĵһץɵȴδɿ˵컹иǸˣֱϱҧŵĵطҲûôˣ
ô˵ҪԼһŽҩ
̫ˣ
ֱӽɸץ˳ȥһֱԼԺ档
̷ɵСѾͷɵģŻˣǿɷսսĲҿڣĿߵѾߣȥҩСͿĨ
ǣ
СѾͷߵķɿ졣
ȴǴĽɸ˴ϡ
飡
ͷһϵǵѪһӼǱϵŭȴǽʧķֻúΡ
ҺǸӣպ㲻Ҫٳˣ
仰췢ĵ룬Ϊɺá
ڵȣѾǴǰǸֻǻ῿װͿŮˣǳ׵׵ıĺ
Ȼǻ书ģǣȫĶ֣ҪǼٺȥԿĳ綼ɡ
Ǹ˵书̫ǿ
ֺĻҪҲι˹Ƴ棬ҲҪԼһܾƳĥ
ЩֹҪԼʵɣҪ˵Ļ˴֮ȥߵʱĻѾ˵ĺˡ

1292 

1292 
ҪԹԵúõĽѵһɣᣬôԼҩĸʵй˵飬ôòҩ˵ҲǶҪܵв
֮£ҲֻǶԴɺˣ
ѹѹɣϾǻҪҪˣʲôûˣҪ˵ѹˡ
Ƭ֮䣬ѾĿ죬׵ĺܸߣ˵ʱҲǿڳݲǼ˵ЩҲǴɵжҪʵĻ
ֻǳĬһƬ֮תŷȥͷ֮ʣȴĿɵϣԺ㶼ˣ
Һôʲôûйϵ
£ұȥǰҪ⿪
쿴ĵģ룬ٶȿڲȥԼҲУûκε
Լ
ɽһж죬ڵͷȴ˵ҪԼ˵ɿԼɵ˺ȴκεĲ޷ֲġ
ȴǲֱɵɸԼô꣬ΣԼһ˳ܣɣѾ御ˣ
飬첻öʲôΣ
Ѿ˵ĺˣ㻹ǲ֪ôľҵĻͲҪպ㲻ӰߵļһڴȴǱ˼㡣
СѾͷΡΡĿɣĲǰ
ֻҴҵĽԼ˹Ƴ֮ķӦ͸ܼ¼֮󣬱ǴʼʰԼ򵥵ĺƴù֮󣬱㿪ʼһֵҩƷо
ʱƴĹƳѾ˯ʵǲʺʵ飬ֻֻԼĹƳˡ
ƴǺ۵ĿֻɳƵĵǣ
û£Ǹ֪ЩҩĵҩԣֻԵĳһЩ˽ĶԲߣġֻƴǵĵǣЦŵİοƴǡ
̬ȴǺܼġ
ȷ֪ҩ
ҩֺͷҩβźܴĲһЩҩֻԵǳһʲôӦͱ仯ֹ֮ͣǰ׼õĽҩ⿪ڵҩĵҩԣʲô⡣
ƳȻǹƣȴǳ档
ֻҪǳӣǱŻİ취ֻһʱֻ֮׼ˡ
ߡ
ڹƳ棬ǰֻΪûмʶ˽٣һİĶǶôҽ߳ˣҲܼ򵥵뵽ӦԵİ취
ÿһ¼ĳ֣Ҫλ龫ǵȥ˼Žİ취
Ҫ˽ķס
ֻʲǴ˽ĻΪоƳƵİ취ȴֻĳһ˵أֹһƽٵĹؼ
ҽ߱ȱ
Ϊ˲ٶȷƳŰɱҲӦƳİ취ģ
Ҳһʱˣ˽⣬ŵҲֻйƳһˣܽƳɹĽ˵Ļôպûʲôвǵˣ
İɣ㵱ھȥһȥأ
ܺúõĻ˭
ֻŲأ
ƴ
ֻֻҪܺƴǺúõĻȥһѺӣصͷ
ŲԵ޹ʵˡ
ǱֻĽЦˣƴεĵ˵ͷųɽǳ磬á
ǻδ֪ĪĿ־ġ
û֮ǰƴǺֻզǿɵʱлǼɵ־ϼҼΪʵеĴ֮һеȨǺܴġ
ǲܺһȣҲҪҡģټƴ˹Ƴ棬˲ŻᴦĶϼҼͶ
ڲһˡ
Ҳһʱˣ˵ǽŵĳ˸ҲǶŴ˽⡣
ĴڵĵλȻߣĴȴǸΪģ໥棬ǵʲôҪһͬȥԵʱҲǺúõ˼һŶ֡
ϼҼʲôҰģʲôֶΣԼϼҶʵʩļ᲻£ҡڵҵĴСǺƴǣֻϤĹϵ
ֻһ˲ٵ顭
һǰ֮£ôƴǺֻӲúϼҼˡ
ƾһϼƴǻС
ֻʣΨһ顣
Ǿǹơ
Ƴϵƴǵ
ֻҪƳİ취ҵ֮ôûκεĶ谭ƴǺֻһĽŲˣ
δֻǺġ

1293 ﶮ

1293 ﶮ
˺ˣȲ˵ˣ˺Щ뷨ұҪͶȫĵľȥоˣú˵񣡡£ֱֻЦӯӯĽƴǴԼķ˳ȥ
Ǿƴ뿪һ˲䣬ֻϵЦȴǻȡ֮ޱߵء
ֻǿ첽ǰ»صԼİԣһ
ǹɵֻǲϣƴѹˣȷǸ򣬿ҪϤÿһҩĵĻǱֱƳҩˣҲŪڵѵľء
ȥ԰ɡ
ֻЩ׼õҩһһĴĥȴڵȴŹƳڶԼڷĸо
ûκ쳣ʱãǿʲôЧġ
ȻƴߺһӰȴǻĳԼԺ档
üͷֻҲǵǡ
ϵһ磬˶ϼҼıƣֻû˱ȥ𴩰ˡ
ȻϵĹǱֻӦȥˣлǶֻ޾ĵǣҪԿֻǲƽĵǲܳ׵ķ
ǰĿڡ
ֻ΢΢һĨЦݣþϲôˣ
㡣ϱأǰϻûУֱӵ˵ص㣬㽫
ֻһ˲ĳɣǺܿı㱻ѹȥʲô
һһȴǸǿƣֻӦֱǰֻסָֻ󣬿ǽֻƬ̵Ĺȴ˫ǲŵֻ
㡭
𾪣ͬʱ֮ŵĸǵǡ
ֻϿǡ
йˣ
ҲǸĹƣ
ϣüĽ֮лع֮󣬱ĿĵĿֻȻʵȴƶеġ
֮ǰҲǺֻ棬ʱûзֻκжļ󣬿һμһ۾ܿ˶ߡ
ֻɫ԰׵ңϢȡ
ȵ֢״֤ţֻڵ⡣
ŻڸռֱҪֻҪ
Һܿģȥ
ѹ֡
ѹʱϼҼǰһ̬ΪԼ
˵۹⵱УǸܿɱˣԼӻ飬ȴ޶˵ıۣܺúõĳΪ˵Ӳ˵ΪңҪܵϼҼҹ衣
ʵġ
ֻǸտʼʱϼҼԼǿеռеʱڷԼǴ³ϼңȴûκ˸ҶκεĲ
ֻǱϵأʵȷǹĺܺá
ϼҼҪҲӦ˷һ㣬µģϲоҽϵرҽ伮͵ǰؽϼҿⷿصҩ͸
κԼϲ飬뿪ϼҼ
֮ǰҲûйҪ鷳
Ͼ
Ͼʵǳ̫ˣȻ֪ϼҼ֮ĹϵǿĴôһвиȷﻹҪܳҪ֡
ɲﻹû˵ʲôأϼҼֱǸˣ
ˡ
ϼңϼҼĺԺûĸٶֻˣ
ϼҼϵǰ㹫ȻǴûй飬ܸܵĳϼҼǳֻȥġ
ֻû뵽ǣϼҼоȻŹƳģҲѧ¹ƣ
ʲôʱ飡
е𾪣ȴǵϵָֻγбŵһ۷ٵֻĻһ˿ڣѪ˳ֻ˳
šüĿɨֻϸɾСƿûʣֱ˹СƿֻѪסҷ˱֮ᣬĿ⸴ӵĿֻ˵ĻȴѾֻĿɿڴˡ
ǻơ
ꡭƣֻظ﷽˵ĻȴͬκһľȴˣŷһĶǡ˵ҲǶƳģ
ﶮҽ飬ǲ˿ȥ˵ֻҲ֪ġ
ΪŪҩĵˣ϶᲻ԾմȾҩĵĵ㣬ϸȥŵĻܲõģοֻǸ
ǡ
ֻû뵽￴ģȴβУɾһ׶û˿ˮʵǿֻ𾪣߸ֻȵǣ˵ңԶֲĹƳ棬ȻǺܶеģ
һܿٵķƳࡣ
ƣʲôƣ
ʲô

1294 Ļ

1294 Ļ
㡭ֻĿԼϵ˿ڣɻڽüͷϣЩţôô˽Ƴģ
Ȼһ仰ʵǲѯʣֻʵк档
Ҫ֪Ϊʲô
ֻ⣬ûκεĲãֻصֻ͡
ô꣬һֱҽգϼҼѼҽ伮ңҲżȻ£˽˹Ƴ飬ҡ˶٣ŵĹƳǰѾʼˡ
ҽ伮濴ƳʱֻǵһȤãʶ˹Ƴ֮㽫鿴˺Ҫġ
ô꣬һֱԼԺ棬ϿŴ£ʵϣȴһֱڰעڵĶ򣬻¹Ƶ˵ж
򡭡
ҲֻոȥժٻҶʱһĨӰˣ
ĨӰ
ֻŲȥժٻҶҪѹƴڵĹƳ棬ҲǱͬĿĹȥˣ
ǰ
ϼҼ쳣ǸǱڵˣֻǶԷʵǹڽƻСģϼҼİæȻܲ쳣Ҫ潻ȴ¡
ζʧ֮Ƶ˱Ҳ֪Ĵڡ
ô꣬Ȼû潻ǱȴΣһԹƣſʼģǰѾжˣ
ϧʱһףԹƳ˽ֲǺԣ϶ԷֶҪ߹ԼģҲûܾȻЩȺܺĵǣߡ
տʼʱܺ˲ֻ࣬żһＴǷЩʬĲԾȴҲǲֱԵģҲ˵ϼǰΣǵ˵ˣǴǰû˵ġ
׷ҽΣҲΪ
һȥԱտڲ̸
ǣտڲ̸Ҳֻûп˵ŶĻˣʵжϣȴÿʱÿ̶оЩƳַͻİ취
Ļֻ֮ɵͫ΢
ڵĹƳңȻǴǰѾʼ
йƳôģ
￪ڱֱ˵˻ƣ֪ʲô֮
ֻб˺ܶҪ׿ֻ֪һ㣬ٵĽٻ֭Һֻҩ˳ԼһԵҩȡζҩ˽ȥĥҩۡ
ƵĹУ㿪ֻһһͣƳк֣ܶߵͲͬƳɹƳҲǶѡ򼣬ߣϵȵȡǿƵġ
ǳŵʱЩʳ˵ѪĹƳ棬ͼģЩƳûʲô˼룬ֻ֪ҪȥѰʳģǵֻгԱͲԱ⣬ŵƱ㲻һ
Ƴַӹƺĸ֣ĸҪ¹˵ߵģӹƲҪ͵ҪǸ˵ڣ˵ǱȽϸ߼ĹƳ棬һλʦҲδػƳƵӹƷڣôὥֶο˵Ļ꣬ԲųΪƵģ
ﲻ˵ÿһ仰ֻ𺳣˵Ļꣿ
ĹƳ
ССĳӽ뵽˵֮ڱ˵Ļ꣬ҪʲôʲôҪ˭¹ƱǸ˭¹ƣ¶ʦˣǿΪΪ
Ȼ
ȴĿĿֻ£˵ģǹƳôƵĻ͹ƳˣôĹȡ
һƵЧȷǺеֻƣûҡ
ɲû
ϼҼǰ͵ģһʦˮƽǰһ
϶ǲһģ
ǰĹƳ棬ֻһоḶ߽́ƼѾﵽ¯ĵزƳ˱ȻƸٱѪƣ
ֻһ˵ԼŵƳ滹ûңʱһڵ˫һһ˸⣬ûңǡ𣿡
üĽ΢Ƭ̣ƶĵ˵ͷ⡣
ֻֻԼѣ
ִҪſ뷨ȷûдģֻҵʧȥˣҵ˿Խ⿪Ƴİ취ôǲԺƴϵĹƳҲֻٷˣ
ģ

ֻĪŵץֱۣʵҺƴ֮Ի᲻ԶĹţΪƴǵҲŹƳģϼҼµ֣Ҫҵ⿪İ취ģ

1295 ֻܽ⿪ģⲻƴǵ

1295  ֻܽ⿪ģⲻƴǵ
֮ǰһֱڽŵǡ
ڣڻ⿪ƳǰЩǵȫɢˡ
ֻȲͬ˵ƴϵ
ҪܽϵĹƳ涼⿪Ļô˱Ҳûй˼ˣ
ǲ룬ֻĻ֮ɫʱ˵ʲô
ƴҲ˹˵ģ
δ⡭
Ҳ̫ˡ
ʲôʱ򣿡
Ŀ⸴ӵĶֻϣֻĿ֮˹ƣƴأûƴʲô쳣
ֻ֪ͻȻ仯ΪʲôʵĻش𣬡ǰ
ǰƴˣϼҵĴСȣھҲںΪ
ùƾƴǵģ
ͬľӣҿ֪ΪʲôеĹƳûҵˡ
ֻǵʱеĹƳͬһʱƳġ
˵ֻеֻƳ滹ûңǼҲЩҪֻİﶯҲǻǼ֡
ǰƹƳı£ô֮ءֱǹɭֲ
ϵĹƳ棬ΣƴϵĹƳ棬ҾͲһˣе𺳣ĿֻǵϣȥΪż޽Ƿ˿
ΪʲôֻǵЦôӲϣ
ﲻǻƹƳ
ΪʲôԼϾκãƴǵȴأ
ûпһ£ô֪ƴϵĹƳأ
ֻЩżﰲ㿪ڽţΪϼҼǸƳˣµֻƳ棬ǡĸơ
ǵ֮ǰ˵Ĺ𣿡
ƳֳΪĸƣǷֳӹƺĸƵģĸҪ¹˵ߣӹȥˣԱٿء
ĸȴû̫Σģ֮Ի㸹оҵΪҲЩ档ﵹЩЦˣȻ֪ʱ˽֮⣬ǲӦıģҲϼҼƳ澿ôġ
һǵϼҼ˼ƵʱҪ͵͵һ׼겻ʱ͵һֻĹƳΪ˹ؼʱó
ǲ룬Ƴ滹ôѧʺУ͵ߵĹƳ棬ĸˡ
Ҫ⿪ӹƣһ㶼ҪѰҵĸƵλãȻɱĸƣôӹû˺ĸƵϵҲ֮ΪһûʲôõС汻
ϼҼã¹ֱĸơ
ôֻҪֻĹƳͿˣҲᵣֻ⵽ɣ
ƴϵĹƳ棬ȻƵµġ
궮УܲĸƵ֮
ϼҼ׳١¹ĸƣõģһӹơƴҪֻĲһǰҪ⿪ƴϵĹƳ棬ҪҵĸƵĲ˵ȻѾйֻˡ
֪ӹûзֳ
ֳĻһµ顣
ԡŻ˵Լ⿪ֻϵĹƳ棬ƴϵĹƳͲһˣһĶûа취һȽϡ
ûӴȥƴǰȴҲܽ³߰˷֡
ȻǶʱദȴҲѿֻƴ֮ĸϵƣ֪˵ٳֻΪƴǲŻԼġ
ﲻŵ̾һ
֮һֵǽжٳԹŮĴۡ
Ҳȱ𱯹ۣô˵ȽڵĹƳȥ֮ʣµ飬Ժ˵ڰοţֻҲֻȰ֮»ĵ˵ͷ
µҲֻôˣĻֻ滹̲סʧ䡣
ͺոſϣϣһĨϣǱһ˫εĴָ飬ϰµΪģҪǶ֮ǰ̬Ҳ㲻ôѹˡ
ֻѸٵĽԼ治еʧѹȥ
ƴڵĹƳ滹æҵ취⿪أȻﲻֱӰƴǽ⿪Ƴ棬ǱԼöˣֻҪƳƴеĹƳ࣬Ȼٸİ취ͽ飬ôֻƴ˵ҲϢ
ֻһٶȻָģҲǲɵеĽҩҩ棬ȴɻĿڣΪʲôҪѰٻҶļζרѹƹƳҩĸĸɾأ
ֻǲ⡣
Ȼ֪ΪԼãݺԼ飬ֻǲΪʲôõķͷʽȫԼȻ֣ͬ

1296 ǽҩ

1296 ǽҩ
ǰٻҶЧģƴҲۿƴǵʱǷ˹ƵʱŵľʹΪժһٻҶƴǵľʹ˲䱻ѹȥõ˻⡣
ҪȥƳ棬ȴôЧһζҩģ̫ϧˣ
ֻĻȴǺ𾪣˭˵ٻҶǽ⿪Ƴزٵҩģ
ٻҶȻϷ֮󣬿ĹƳðȴα겻αģⲢǽҩǹƳϡ
ûµʱǧҪƴǷãƴǵĹƳ淢ˣҲ򲻵ѵʱƴǳԡ
Ȼء
α겻α
ǽҩ
ǹƳϣ
ֻԺлص˵ЩȴѾ𾪵޷ˡ
Ҳ˲⼸仰˼ʲô
Ƴ˵ڣʱǳ˯ŵģ¹˵Ĺ߶ǽ볤ߵ״̬ҲΪʲôܶ˸ո˹ƳʱûʲôӦģĪľøʹ̡
ȻЩƳѵʱҪ˯ְֻ취
һֱ¹˸йһЩƵĽҩһЩַǹƳ泤ߣһ־ǡŵЩٻҶ
ٻҶЩƳϡ
Ƴĥ޷ǾǶҪԶ
ûʲôԲŻڸҧײһ˶ԣǱʵĹԹԵˡ
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ٻҶҲʲôöҪĻǱ㾡߾ˡ
û뵽
ղףժٻҶ˾Ȼֻ
𾪵ĿֻٻҶеľ˸Ͳֻ֪ǵһŵģô֪Ĵڣ֪ǿ԰Ƴģ
ǻʱ򣬸̤ڣƴϵĹƳ㷢ˣʱǿ£һʱ֮䲻֪ôźãǡڻŵʱȥժٻҶƴǳһЩƴϵľʹʱתҲָֻ΢΢Щ
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ݺƴǣƴ˹ƻھȻƳҲҪƴǳԡ
Ǹöô񶾰Żƴǲ֣
ƴǿǺûκεĹϵ
ΪʲôҪĪƴأ
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޲ھȥǰݺݵ
Ҳǹֻˣôͻ׵ĻҪǵôĵĻҲطҪŹͱˣ
ȱģֻǳһεĻӦⲻ̫󡣡￴żֻæĿڰڱǶҲûʲôãƴ԰֮ж۰ɣ
һжͽ͡
￪Ȱ˵ȻҲһʮİսƴڵĹƳȫ⿪ǣҲЩֶοƴǲôʹġ
ﵽҲڰо˹Ƴô꣬һֱں綷
ȻܱȲĹ߳ǶһЩʱĽＴǲܴӸϽˣҲǻһЩֶεġ
ߡ
ҲǺܲ졣
ǹƳ澹ȻƴǵǱôãƴǶûˣò˵ҲƴǵԵĸ̾һ䣬һ˹֮һʱᱻƳĥҪ˶ϣƴǾȻй֮࣬ȴܿɫһɴ˿ɼƴǵ书ǶôƴǵǶôĺá
ǹƳ淢ɲһ
۵ġҪԼԼ
ãֻ۽Щʪĵ˵ͷڣҲֻˡ
ڴƴԵİٻҶǺܶ࣬Ƕĵĳƴǵڷܲѡ
ˡ
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жʱֻʣ˵ҩĵ

1297 Żɽ

1297 Żɽ
ٶȻصɽеֻʣɱûаãȻǡ
Ӧǲ˵ĵӣټԼҵӣһ˰ˣ³ɽϣеĸһɱ⣡
ɽϿʲôһǰŵЩҲͬ飬˵жȼյĻѵģ֮ǰҲǷԤƳĽҩ
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Żɽ
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ÿÿ۷˷ʱ򣬲ŻϼҵˣֻǻǴСӸĺѾˣ˾Ӧðû
Ƕڰ￴۵෴ӦǹƳ뵽۵֮ȻǸ۴ʹ࣬ȴҲĳ̶ϼڵǱѾߵѧɾͣ񡭡
Ǵﵽ˶Σ
ûܴﵽĸ߶أ
Ŀ䣬ǰͳԼǰݷ㣬ĪЦ
˵ҪлݷģҪݷΪʵĻҲҵǽƳԼţΪݷ㱻˹֮󣬲ûκε쳣ǱƳǱ˲ܵ뵽ùƳԼ书ַ
ǰǸߡ
ȻòӵѧʶŻϧǿʳ棬·һںεأǻƽ޹ʵ۸


ƾʲôеͿ书ǿƾʲôе˻˺ܴĴȴһУʵĴѹԸ񽥽ŤĵԹ޺Ͳģľֻøڽ˵֪Ľ
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ʱѾѹŤҪһȥйǲǹƳûãɲУҪȥһԣʧˡ
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ǣʹģƱ俪ʼƹƳ档

1298 Ϊ֪Ĺȥ

1298 Ϊ֪Ĺȥ
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ϧϵķ䣬ϺŮ¶ĸĸױƣϺŮڸСסǲȱԷġ
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ŵĵô࣬͵͵һҲν

ϼҼİ֮Ѹٵ

1299 ֻԼ

1299 ֻԼ
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ǰöҲ侲ֻѸٵĵǳ˵ǰݺݵĽǳ˸ɱһйͷ֮ޣ

ĶҵǵǵŶȥıӰȰ˵Ļȴûü˵ӰѾԶˡ
ЩֱӽҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ

ˣ׷ģֲǸçײˣȻʲôģ
Ķҵ໥һۣѸٵĴӶԷҵӦԵİ취ǻǾɽɣùƳӴܣʱɾǰ׷ˣ
ѾˣǴĿľΪ˶ԸƳģܷʲô飬ЩƳ棡
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1300 ۣϵ㣡

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1301 ܺԼ

1301 ܺԼ
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￴ֻʹģиĪۡ

ֻһţҧݹ֦ȴ̲סӿвҽг֦ûʲôô
˲书ֻϵϸǱ˴죬ʪ
ֻɫʹڴϴе˫߬Ŵֻø˺ѷεһһ
ʼմֻϣƿֻ״ǿ׼ʱóǰ׼õ룬Ѹٵֱֻλȥ
ҩڷȥɱеĹƳ棬ͬʱסùƳܵǿҵĴ̼ʱ򣬿ʼֻĸ֮УĴҴܣ
Ͳˣ
ùƳҧƳθıĵطģ
һССĹƳ濴ǲۣڴϼĻֻǵͨĳӣһŸ˶пܵģƫƫƳ˹Ƴ֮ȴžѵЧ
׵Ľĥ

ֻĲҽڼ
ϺҲǽе˹ؼʱ̣ƴǲ֪ʲôʱ˽ֻģʹģȴʾﲻҪȻķŲֻĸǰ
׼ȥֻȴǱʱ
Ҫʲô䣬͸޾ϡ
ƴǼѵĿڣȴŨŨ𣺡룬һЩ
ƳȻǿϧֻǲ书ģֻ书ԼϢЩƳԿĻʹûôˡ

1302 Ҳֵõ

1302 Ҳֵõ
ƴҪԼ͸ֻ˳ֻһЩʹࡣ
ԣȴüĽܾƴǵ飡
У
ƴûйƣôƴǲ˵Ҳ϶ҪƴֻģϾֻΪƴǲ˹ƣȴС
ƴڵҲŹƳġ
һûƴ
֪ƴڵĹƳ澿Ǻ֣ʲôӰΣ
ǡ
Կ϶ǣƴڵĹƳǳ˯ŵġ
⶯ԼڵƱǻںò׳ŵĹƳѡ
ʱ򡭡
ֽ˺ѷΣ׶Ĵ̹ǵľʹĥ
ȷǿ԰ֻԼһЩЩʹ࣬ȴпܴƴǵֵõģָֻ˽״̬Ҫǵ֪ƴڸʹģ¶ɵĴ
ֻһӦģ
ΪһĿƴðա
ûֱӽİ취ô㲻ƴڵĹƳѣԲܣ
ס
ƴǵͳɳƵĪ͸ǻùһ㡣
֪ԼֵķգҲ֪Լ֪Լٺܶʹ࣬ԼḶصĴۣҲνġ
మ
ԼôۣҲǻϣԷܹĸá
ֻҪܰﵽҲֵõġ
Ǳ侲ģ̬ȸǼС
ҪŻѹʱԶˣ㶯֡
Ȼ￴ţ׼ӱܣۿʹۣ֮㽫ʹۻΪĹػͰȻһӶܹ
ӰĪϣ˵Ļƴܵľþ޷ͻҪ֣Ҳȥ
İɣڻߣǻȥҲҪԵĻŻƽĽιƳ֮ܿġ˵գ㲻ڿƴǣǻ֣Ѿ۵ֻʣЩʶֻӴϷãԼҲֻ
˫ָֻıĴԴԴϵĳֻı͵ֻڡ
ֻϵʹ໺࣬ƴ𾪵û뵽ֻһμϾȻǺôıصġ
ֻòֻƣͨҽýơ
Ȼ书Ҳĸ߳ģôֻĸأ
ǸʲôĽɫ
ǷҲ㣬ǸɶõĲŮ
˽ƴܾ֮ǰةֻĸ׵ЩԾģϼ߳˵Ļضǰƽ
ѵ
ֻĸһֱԼʵ¡
ʵϣҲǸ绪Ůӡ
ţƴǵֻĸ׵Ŀƶˡ
֪Ϊʲôʱ˿̣ƴǵĪľãֻĸ׾ͻǻһû
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ͬãô㣬ֺοΪأ
ͨĻµȲϼҼ˵ȣةǹҶˣ
ƴ˼֮ʱ
ֻȴͻȻסеĶ־ϲĿŲСĴֻĻлö壡
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ȻƴҲϵı龿Ǹ˻𾪡
Ϊλıöʣ
һֻ͵֮󣬱ֻ֣вС¶öУ΢΢ЩĿƴǣ壬ǴӺζģ
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ĪļƴȴšüҡҡͷĿĵö档
ģر𣬵ֻõʱƴǵЩɻģǵ͸ֻĶƴҲûжʣڡ
ﾹȻҲϵǶģ
״µ壬ҲΪ֪ıİɣ
ƴǹųɽɻ󣺡ǣҵ˫͸ģ壬ǵҽʦ͸ҽģ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôϵ壬ǿ￴֪϶ŲͬѰݺģܸĳһߣǴĳһĶ
ƴǻ˵Ļش⡣
ϵãǱˡ
Ľ棬ҲǶǸԼصʦãȻ֪֪ı࣬ϵģ˵ϵʦʱλһĻ˵һƻҲûôصġ
˫ʦ
šüȻǲ֪ʲôƴǵ˫ʦġ
ȴɫϲָǿ塣

1303 ֵ

1303 ֵ
оˣ
ҲҪоˣĪЩˣҲûıֱӽֻĻ˳Ƕ˵ֱӽǲεֻĿС
֪Ϊʲôö״𣿡
һУֻǰδеɣǲֻǻĽֻƽ˴ϣĿдɵĿƴǣʵ
һ״رģûرҲֻװεĶͼ
ֻĻеö壬ȴǲΣôĪ״
ƴв֪
ֻƴǵв֪ô꣬Ҳûܲ͸еİأֻҲǲס
ƴǻشϱǳǳһĨЦ⣬ǿƴǵãȻһ㣬ЦԼڣֿ֪Ϊƣ
ƴͬǲ
ֻһȴûеƴǷӦԴĿڣĿʼƳʼ棬ǲϡ
˻
ĵ˵ôһ仰ȴñʹãȻ̶ϵƴ˲Ŀ𺳡
𾪸
Ƴʼ桭Ȼǲϣ
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ѵƵʼ棬ֻʲôǰĶ
ǽ⿪ƳĹؼ
ò˵һǳȵƴǣʱ˿̱ĻҲ˵ЩڴĿȴĽ͡
ﲻĿ˵˿ʼƵʱõĳӲϣǺŹƳ漼֮󣬲ŽĶ߳ϵȵȡ
ϵö壬һ
壬԰ٹƲ֣
˱Ҳܱ֤ܱܲԼĹƳҧûа취֤Լ᲻гһյ˹ƣܲһƵͬʱһ߻Լ
ΪˣһƵʱ򣬱ŪôһĲ壡
Ȼ֪ĲʲôļѵЧȴǱ¼ˣǱ󱲵ȡ
ٹƲ֣ʲô
ֱǿԲȥκˣԼƵʱܷĴ󵨵ȥƣ˳ưµĻ᣿
ܲ͸
ԭΪһöֻڴ˵дڵģֻһЩϵҽ伮ܿأû뵽ȴǵڵģҡֻϣ
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쿴ɵӵĳģҲǲĿˣһö嵽ǰڴܺƴƽƽİͷϣ
ĪЩжƴѾǱĻ𺳵Ĳˡ
һö壬Ч
ƴǵ滳ǻɣȴûֱӽԼĲʳڣĿֻϣŵĿֻһ֮ϵı仯
ʱֻѾûһ԰æģϵʹûڼȥǱ֮ǰӵɣ
ƴԵĸܵˡ
ֻĶͷϲ߳ŴŵĺˮüͷҲ֮ǰǰšһҵĺıóһŵҲ𽥻ع
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˵Чģ
￴׼ʱǲѸٵĴֻĿ˳󣬱ƼԭڴϵֻͻȻڴ齱Եꡭ
һ죬ֱֱһѪ
ֻ³һѪǺɫ
ҡ
һѪУŴ졣
Ѫ棬һϸİɫĳڷţȻֻһ˲䣬ˡ
ϸİɫĳӣƴǵ۹ע֮£Ϊһ̯Ѫˮ
Ǿϲͼǿ첽ǰȥ۵ֻӴϲƴҲɫŵĸ󣬵ǵĿֻ
ôｫֻԼĻпţŵĽǻֻѣŵֻ
ңѾκεĶߺˡ
ֻǲ֪ʱ˿ֻϻûʲôʵĵطûеĻǾ֤Ĳ²һ㶼ûдǲεĵȷȷǴ׷޼֮ˣ
ֻãȻ˫ۣ֪Ƿʲô飬ֻԼ죬ǴŹһȦһ֫ʹǾģҡ
øʲôʹ
ֻǿãȻĿһԵƴǡ
ƴǾȻҲ
ʲôʱ飬ôԼ㶼֪أ
ϵĵǣֻĿڣҪ˷ĵĿڣû£ǲõģֻǾЩۣҪ˯
ʲô֪ˣֻԴԺģֻһͷ
Ǿ˯

1304 ֻֻ˯

1304  ֻֻ˯
ʱ˿̵ֻֻҪ˯
˵ʲôʲôܵ׷ʲô顣
˭ֹ˯

ʵϡ
ֻҲȷôˡ
ڴҴҵ˵ôһ仰οƴֻ֮ǻı۾ʲôˣһĻнƽȵĺ
ȻֻûкƴǶ˵ʲôģǽֻƽȵĺȴѾ˵С
Ĳ²Ȼûġ
ǲεҲǹȻżѵЧģ
ֻϵĹƳѾ⿪ˡ
ֻѾ׵ȫˣ
ʣµֻҪֻúõ˯һ֮ҲܵƳĥġ
ȻϢƴ˵ĺϢƴǵϸ¶ȻЦݡ
ΪԼΪֻվеġ
̫ˡ
ֻƽˡ
ƴǵе͵ҲԵĻˡ
ǡⲢպƴǻֻãƴǾ˵Ļûд
İһˣӱܣΪĿѹߵĸԶһųı֣һֲεı֡

ԽǰһˣҪȫУʹȫʹ
ֻܵƳĥʱȻֻʲôȴԽֻеʹǿУ󣬽Щʹӱֲֻϡ
İһˣֻ
СֻǺñӣкƴǳȥֻһ˯Ŀռ䡣
ƴǲŴ˯ȵֻ˵ͷֱӸһͬ
ҲһﵭĿڣû˿ˮ
Ų壬ôоҲ˼ְգƴϵĹƳ棬ʼ˵֮𾪣ڵأɲ˵ƴϵء
һƳеʱԽ̣⿪ʱԽɣƳǱʱԽã⿪ʱԽ֡
һϵʱ
տʼʱСҪе˰Ҳܴһܽ⣬ʱƳ٣ǸԽԽ󣬵ȵһĳ̶֮ҪĻǾз֮ʹˣ
ߣƴڲ֪ʱùٻҶ
ҶеѹƳʹЧֻʱģҲܴӸԴϽƳ⣬ǳ˹ƳϣƴڵĹƳ汾Ǳʱ̫ˡ
ѾϤƴǵ塣
ַ˰ٻҶ֪ûƴڷֳ
ҪûС
Ǿͼ򵥵ĺܶˡ
ϸҩǸε庬ڿУ㲻ܳ׵ĸΣҲܽǹƳƵ޼Ѱ
ȥѰҵĸ֮󣬽ĸɱͻƴڵĹƳ泹ˡ
Ƿֳˡ
ƴڵ⡣
һӹƺܺöԸǺܶӹأ
ֻЩӹѾֵƴǵĸ֮Уƴǵƶ˱ĵط
ǻôӦԣ
ǵûаյģ
飬ƴǵ˵ͷͬҲüĽ
ʱ㾲Ĭбֻ˺ˡ
á
Ŀ𺳵Ŀƴǣеľȣڣ㾿ôİ
ƴڵĹƳ溱̶ȣǰδġ
֪ĸƣ֪ƣ֪˹ƣȵһϵеĹƳ棬ȴͷһμƴ״ġ
ƴûйƳ棿
ȴŹƶ
Ŀֻһ֣ǾƴǲֱйƣǺĳ˹ƵѪϵܣŻ⣬ŻὫ˵ĹƶԼϡ
ȻûֱӵĹƳԼ֮ڣȴҪֱ˹Ƴ֮ڵ˵Ӽ֡
ҪƳֱƴǵڵĻôﶯ֣ɫĽƴڵӹɱٽǲƴǿкţڲĸƵ³ɹ
ǣƳûƴǵϡ
ô죿
ȥƴҵԴȪҵǸƴ֮Ѫܵˣ
ҲԴͷûдԴͷ⿪Ƴ棬ûа취ƴǸκõİ
˵ǸйƵĳһȴѲƴҲҪŵ𣿣
ϵı޷ȴǸֻƴһˣ˿䣬ɲŮò֮ϡ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪôأ
ΪʲôҪֶɢమأ
ͬʱиŨŨϮΪǱϼҺԺоôĹƳ棬ҲǶڹЩǳ˽ˣû뵽Լѧôֻ꣬ǸƤëˣ

1305 

1305 
ǸĪĹԼе˽⻹ԶԶĲ

ֻǲӦ˵Ǻǳġ
ȫ͸˼ҵ
ϵ𾪺Ϊѣƴǵɫ̹ȻջԼ֣ȻЦЦ֮Ҳɡ
֮ǰ֮ǰĵǣȫΪֻֻѾ׵ĽƳɱˣôԼ˶ֵõģʲôѹģΨһЩԲֻĲֻܺһصˡ
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ʵ˵ĻҪֻҪ֮֮Ůˣƴ˵ôҪġ
֮ǰ֧ܶ꣬ȥĿ꣬Ǳ
Ҫĸʺĸ󱨳
ñƴǱûʲôźˡ
ΪֻΪҪֻһֱһ𣬲ŻƴǵôǿҵҪҪŸֻҸĽ
ûϵɣ
ʵ˵ﻰڣѾˣֻҪǰȫģұûʲôõĵˣ
ƴɫȻĽԼ˻ҵ飬ͷﲻҪͻ˵飬˵Ѿþͺˡ
Ҳϣġ
⣬Ҳھ㹻ˣ
ƴǵĻֻĪᣬصĵͷף֪ʲô˵ʲô˵İɡ
ң˵ĻȷǺܶԵģȻҲûа취ӸԴϽǣöȷЧģҿԺʱϵġ
Ȼܱ֤һȫȻĻ⿪ϵĹƶҿԿ϶ǣһԼϵ״㽫ôһ죬Ҳ
̫ʹ࣡
£ǲԾĵ̾һ
ʱ䲻ˣұȻȥԼԺȥˣʱ˻ᱻ˷֡εҡҡͷĿƳһڴ˯ðȵֻתԺȥҪǻʲô쳣ֱҾǡ
㣬һҪúõϧԼ塣
˶٣Ϊ˻мǣ򲻵ѵʱǧҪ㶯ˡ

£ûκεֻͣβʱҲ˲ֻûϢȣڵɢҲҪúõĻȥһˡ
ƴеģǹƳĶ
Ѫġ
ÿһѪһֹѪС
ǲƾƴǵĸǿ书Ų壬ҪάһЩʱİȸ㲻ʲô
ƴǲúõϧԼ壬ĻôĪ˵ڵ廹ŹƶûУúõ˵岻úõϧĻҲǻġ
޿ɱ飡
ƴǱ΢΢һĨȣЦŵͷ֪ƴлİæˣ
ﲻ뿪ƴȴǻ»ص˷֮ڣֻԣֻҲĪᣬ仺Ŀڴ˯ֻڣӰĪЩį
һ
ܹ˵Լﻰġ
ʱֻû˯ƴǵԣƴҲûа취ôֱӵĽԼﻰֻͬ˵ġ
ǡ
ֻ˯Ҳͦá
ƴǱ԰һˣԼĻ˵ˡ
ʵһ˾ϿжôļǿģʵϣÿһĵطǻŹ¶ͺ£ȻͬƴˣҲ޷ġ
ƴǱͳɳƵĪŴԣǺڴϵֻĪķ˸˯Ũ
㲻֪֮ǰڿΪ˰ҵ⿪Ƴİ취ʱ򣬶ȥԼյĺǱŹƳľƵʱжôģҵʱжԼ޲Ҫ˽ԼὫ㣬պҲǲΪҶܿˣ
ҸԼܡ
ƴǵᣬ˵˵ţ˫ųɽȴͻȻɺ죬ڵΧǺѪ˿ҵߣȴܺúõı㣬ƽ޹ʵΪҶ֪ܿ࣬𣿵ʱңжԼ
ڣΪʲôҪؿ㣬ûкһ֮ûзһĻú֣ܿǰ䣻С㣬Ƕúõչ㣬ԸҲԶֵȥҵĴҵĴ
˵˵ţƴǵһȻ
ǴҲƴǵľȻŨŨ
İˣ֮ȴʲôʹ࣬ȲӵԼİҪӲпᡣ

1306 ֻϣҸ

1306 ֻϣҸ
ϲռУռбζԼļϼ縺ҪҸΣ֣ҪҪƴǶֻĸѾˣǾռкͲռУȫͲȫ֮ĳ̶ˡ
ƴֻϣֻܿҸ¡ǸҸͿֲԼֻģƴҲúܸ˺ܸˡ
˶ֵˣ
ƴǼװ裬һһεȥֻƴ֪ӾǸ˰ֻǡƴǻ̲סԼҪֻĺ
ںֵĳϣֻҪֻһ֣Լע᲻Ծϣ̫̫ûпֻʱԼıÿģǶʲôϡ䱦һĿ顣
ŵʱƴǵԺл᲻ԾĸֻһһЦֹΣյʱƴԺŵģֻ
޷뿪ֻûа취ˡ
ڵĳ̶ѾֻǵϲֻİֻˣӦ˵ѾΪֻħ
кڣҲҲŲֻˣ᲻þô֣
ڿɺܰϵĹƳ⿪ˣ㽫ǲԶһʱҲٷĵˣԷĵ뿪ˡ
£ƴϵκԵĻ࣬һǷҲǻ¶һĨЦݣ֣ڴϵֻֽԼУһ䱦һ㣬ô׵ˡ
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ɵɵЦ˳
ûκεĸҲûκεϣͨģе꣬ڿԼİһ򵥣ȴҸԵĻƴԸԼϵλȡڵ¾á
ɫ
ڵպһŨīһ㣬Ļ
棬ȴֻֻȵĺͿҪбڻ˵ƴǵ۵顣
һɵĵӴɽʱ
ȱһɵվɽǰȴӭӶĻ
Ȼһֱ֮ڣûиŶӰһɽɽֳĶܲɽһأ
οɽϵĹỤ̃ɽЩҲǾĪĸˣζһվֻɽЩ˶ĵĹƳ档
ӴԺҲڵɽʱ᲻ΪƳвˡ
ͬʱ괺֮ʣǻᱻڵĵǿϣ
֮ｫٶȻָ֮ǰķʢҲǲٱƳˣ
ܲˡ
˵ʵڿƽµӰʱ򣬲ʵһġ
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ŵҲܰˡ
˫ᣬһΡɽϻĶҲ֮ǰǰأĲڴĿԼʱ򣬶ǿ첽ǰȥŲĿٶȳ˺Цݡ
񡭡
ǸֻῴŲɵЦĶ»ص˴ҵǰ

첽ĵ˶ǰҲЩ˼ĿŲ룺һˡ
һΥϤУòԭڼŵҲ̲סĴۿе䣬Ǹ޵ˣǲ֪Ϊʲôʼǻ̲סᡣ
ΪĲ볤˰ɣҲǶһΣ̫֮˵Ҳűô
㿴㡣ᣬĲļ򣺡֮ǰ˵ɵôҲɵأ
ⲻǶúõ𣿿ʲô
꣡
ѵõģȻɵˣúԼЦ
Īģԭõվôƻˡ
ŵĿŶȴǳ˳ӣ˺ˣ˵ˣƽĻĸˣ
Ϊ֮ǰûаԼȥ㣬ûĵģһΪǴԺ󶼲Ҫأ
벻Ĵ˶һȭͷ
ȴģδ
ҲЦԼĵطŲЦ⣺ҲûУֻһ֮Ͳȥɽˣ
ҪĹƳ棬ϵıٶЩĶǱɨƽһɶˣɽϣҲûκεĹƳˣ
ȴδʹ˽ġһҪ飡
Ŷ񽥽ҲűýţʲôҪ飿
ǶѾƽĴɽˡ
ѵ
ѵɽϻ𣿡

1307 ۺݷ㲻һ

1307 ۺݷ㲻һ
ڿŲɻʱ򣬶صص˵ͷԣǵȷɽһЩǼǱƵˣǸ֮ǰֵϮǵˣҲֻǸƵˣһɽɽϼһŶΪ֮ɵˣ
²˭
ŶΪ֮ɵˡ
סǸƵˣֻеϧһǸƵ˾ͱɱˣ
ʱҵĳʱ򣬶ȫѪڡ
˵ʱЩǰ۲ûʲôӡ󣬲ΪСһЩѣ˿һ
ķʽҲ಻ͬ
ǲҪģҲһŰԼĸĸȻ֣ƽƽĳ
ֻΪ˵ĲƽСľʹҲͬǱҰȣһֱǰ淽ʽģܳΪˣҲܵ˵ż
۱ȷʵûʲôģǾŶ۵ľЩֵģǵʱֻǶһĵӰˣλߵľܸıʲô޹ģҲʲô
ʱȴǿۺǸ˵۷ԾȻʱһĶǷǸ˵ϣ޲ýǸǧУǲ书ǿҲĨȥж۵ľ塣
һ˴ڰ
껹׵ʱһ̫ĵ͹أ书ϵȴǳͬӣļǺõľˣֻܶҪһ飬ܺܿϤóȻСǱģǱҪʱȴֻнİ¡
˵ǶֻǲЩα˶͹ͨˣǻ˵ģֻ˵
ԭıۣڼۺǸ书߳˲£пܳǸ˵ĸ߳书֮󣬶ж۵һΣ̫Ը䣬ɽϵʱͽ۸סڣȻںѾƳ̸
һΪʲô书ô죬ѯһ£ôŵذΧ֮£ӳġ
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ǲŵĿ֮۱һֱǱڰУȻϲ˵ȴģʵôһֱڱĬĬıš
ĻһҪ֤
ϼҼǰ˵һûϼҼӴԺҪٺ۹ȥҪ˵һ䣬ŵĴԶΪġ
ǰΪݱ΢ûа취ڶ峤ǰ˵ڲһˡ
ѾǶҵļˣҲǴǰƽĵˣڣĻҲʮŷϼҼٲԸ⣬ҲҪԼһӵġ
ŵĵˣǸƵʵ̫ǿˣƾڵ֪ܲܺǸƵ࿹⡣
ȻջɽջǸ˵ϳ˭ܱ֤Ǹ˵Уûĵأ
һǽЩĹƳЯҪջٶûĵطȥջˣ
ҪܽȰҰŵһæĻպǸ࿹ʱʤͻһЩ
Ǹίʵɶ񣬱ǸٴĴҲԲߣ򣬱Ϊ˵ĳһ죬ƻ֮ҽٶ٣ʱǸײеĹƳ棡
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֪Ϊʲôߵʱ˵һ
ҪҵˣȹܺԼŵ飬ѵ
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ѽ
ǸҲǵģôôȥˣ֮ǰĳƢȴһ㶼ûиģôĸ䡣
ҪæǸ˸˵һҲǺõ
Ҳͷˡ
档
һȦһʱ֮ûκεĸԱ㲻Ŷ˭
ʵǣ󲻵Σʱ̻˭ܺǸ书࿹⣬ɴֱʶͺˡ
ڲɻ֮£Ŀڣӱôĵ³֡
ۡ
˻
ڻãôһ֮󣬲˲ɫ˵ʲô
ȣĲš
ۡ
˵֣ǡۣ
ǡݷ㣡
ۺݷ㻹źܴĲġ

1308 ǲ룬

1308  ǲ룬
Ϊɥʧ˼䣬书Ϊݷ㣬ΪݷȻɻģϲͱ˵ܸܵõݷȵģֻǲڱѣȴġ
ۡ
Ҳ˵òϾźܴƣ˵书Ҳ˺ܴı仯ŻòٶȻָ۵ģ
ɡ
ʲôװ
ϾǰƵƵʧصĳòµģ

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ô˰
ѵûֻųֵһϢӦǺԼһ
Ƚϵ𾪣ǺôҲǸøԼһ鷴Ӧһİôʲô˼ʲôأ
ֻúƣʲôô
˶˫ɻ񣬲ĵĲԵĻ˼֣ϵЦȴЩεģûûʲôֻЩȣǸۡѾ𣿡
ôϳģǲǡ
ǲǿ˰
˵󣬲ԽԽˣŶҲû˵ǲʳڣҲ֪Ӧǿģǻ˵ģ
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ݷˡ
뵽⣬бżġ
ǰϲտ
ݷ㰮ֻϢ
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Ȼָֻ֮ǰͲ˵˵ЦЦԸ񣬵ǱϻǸĴˣûע⵽ϵĲȻı飬ҲΪ۵³ֵķʽ̫𺳣ԲŻöþòͻ
ϾͲǱ˴ӱϮüεģÿζǲ͹ҵˡ
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Сš
ȴû˼ٺͶվɽǰǻȻȥɡ
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²ĸŲ̤ŵɽǰǴҽҲˣȻȥϢϢɡ
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һ󼱴ٵ÷ԭôϢǲͷ
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Ѿǳ⣬ȴ㶼ûֹͣļ󣬷ԽԽˡ
ǲˣ˶ڱŭıԵ̺żĲ
ȻӦģֻ󼱴ٵ
ٺõԣҲҪһƵƢ꣬οͲǸˣΪ죬ûʲôɫˣ
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ŵԽԽǿƣõԴˡ
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ôҲУѾϰֲյĸоǳڴĶչĵطûС

1309 ͬϧ

1309  ͬϧ
ǿеĴֵطϵƺת˵ϵƸӶ񻯡
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񡭡
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Ƹŵòᣬ̲סĽ磺㡭û𣿡
ô˵ĺصӣҪȻҰȥĨһЩҩɣǲģҧŴеĿ硣
缸ξԼ
ǹ֣ҲǶȻ׳ģǲ룬ǲʡ£ǿץȴҲǲɿ
״
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˯еһ㣬ֲץ䣬ȻĴ䣬ŵüͷҲɿƽȵĺ
ǺñǣԼȴǰ˸ӹĴһԣɫĻעŴϵ硣
Ȼϵİ̺ۿȴѿüǼģ˯ûôƣʶĽһţǼȵĺһ
ƵĻ
Ӧǻ㣬ܺÿɣ
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Щ΢ʹϣǿǸ޴ԼûԸæûԸչҪʲôҪԼģԼȥȡһС
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Щˣǿɶ
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Ҫ½Լֳǲȴ߬ر
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ֻϧĻΪһСҪССܻȥ
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ڵĿĿվǵ˵ͷá
ȻֻǶ̶̵һ֣ǻǽ⿪ⳡΡ
ϵıҲȻ˺ܶˣܸ˵Ŀ磺ãһ£Һܿͻ

1310 Ҳб

1310 Ҳб
һЩˮúõϴһµųԷ
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Ǿŵһ˲䣬ȴԼĵĿ⣬˲ʧķ֮С
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ҪȥôǰɾеϣˣҪԼԼ춼ĶԼ֡
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ûʱ˵ʶѵģ֪Ҳǻڵģһ˵Ķ񫷢᳹׵Ŀ˵˼룬ʲô飬ʲô飬һȫҪˣҪԼܸһЩ
Ǿǽҩ
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ķеģҲͲʲô
߿죬Сȥǲ۾һٶ˵ǰı˫ȣˣ͵ǹҰɣ
ˣٸһŽҩɣ

1311 һ

1311 һ
ôܾԼԼܾô׵ķſΪſҲǷſ˻ȥϣ۾ƳĥԽԽʹ࣬ǿҵĴ̼񾭣ûһǲ߿ҲԼһ˳ܲסڵϴˡ



Ⱦҡ
ǾĿĶڵķڵϺһеĹһ
Ŀ䣬ú˷ˣֱӿ壬Сȥ
绹ڵأ
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һҽУѾ۵ı亹ʪѣʶҲǽģһٶȻ赹Ժ棬
ֻȴǰ㶼ûнϵģٵȥ˳ȡһЩǲϣ͸˵»صԼķʱﻹʲôӰ

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1312 Ҳа취

1312 Ҳа취
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ϵʹཥʧ˫ԭɺҲһ˲ϵ亹ٳˣˡ
ˣ
ǰٻҶȷǶŹƳĪЧģ

1313 ѡһ

1313 ѡһ
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ΪԼʲôֶκͰ취ǲܳ׻˽˼ԼԼ
öǳơ
ͺǴСǿһȻʱյʱȷǺҪһ㣬ÿζжϣΪһһ˵ʱȴԼ
ҪԼԵģ
һȣ֪ôʲôطˡ
ΪԴʧ֮󣬱㿪ʼԵԼԺҲٳˣľޱȥϺѩϺһֻЦЦû˵ʲô
Ҳ֪ôġ
޴֡
֪ôĶԸ
ʵ̫ˡ
ˣôȥΪٲܳ裬ȴҲǸС͹ģԼֱܲӶְɣ
߻źڵģԼҪֵĻҲǴ򲻹ġ
û취
ĥʱȹҲֻܸһĥʱȹںˣû뵽ɲǰȵϢģǸ¹ƣ
ϵĹƳ棬׵ģҲǿˮ׺ˣ
ͬʱ
˰ٻ֭ҺҲζס
պͿҲǹԹԵԼĻһԸˣ졭
Ŀ
֮󣬿װҪͶϣȻж·ʱǺŹģ
ʱ򡭡

붼úǸˡ
ΪƳһӰʵ̫ˡ
ʱĹƳѾ⿪ˣǶеӰȴǲġ
ڹƳǱ˸Ǻ֮ǡ
Ƕεļ
˾ͺ޵ҧгݵģҪö֪ǱǸʶģһָ¹ƣôݵ
ͽɱ֮˰ɣ
֤һеģֻ˴ˣ
Ѿ˵ʱſ³
պ³ȴѹʱҲûô尾ˡ
ٻ֭ҺЧеĹƳڳԵԼʳ֮󣬱ֹͣԼĶȥҧĸʹҲ֮١
죬ȴǻ˫ۡ
ЩãȻĿǰվŵĶ

ô㣿һʹ֮Щɳƣ֫ûǰɻԼܺ׵ĸܵۺùģӦá
ҲӦ÷˽ҩˣҪȻõô졣
Ѿߣѵҩ
ܿ˼һ̲סЦһô쿪ˡ
ôܻҩ
Щá
˵ĻҲܳ壬Ƕ˵ȷʵʵҪϸýҩĻͲȵˣ͸ҩˡ
ۻ赹Ժ
Ҳúãʱҩѵ͵ڻʲôˣ
ּ˾ӦֱӴǣɺ޶Ҳǲ书ģǻȥҲҪͬھġ
ɫЩѿȴûзϣΪ˵ʵ
ʲôǳ׵̹ˣ֪ԼǸʲôˣȽ֮ҲԲǸŮˣֻ˵ǰ˭Ҳ˵˭Ծˡ
ԵҲԼùˣΪʧ֮һ޸֮ŮӣǲԭǸ򵥵Ľɫʧ裬ҲԲ˰ĵزܱû۸
һʼŮ˱ռĵλ
ϧڼԼʡȴҲûкڵĻˡ
еģǾûа취ȥĹƳ档
Ƴһղ⿪һҪܵĥ裬һֱ
ʵʱҲҪܴģ˵һҪȥġ
˱ϾģϾͲô൨СµΪİȫвˡ
治ֻһҪȥѰÿζǵıԵų绹ôãôϲĶûеõȥʵֵ̫ˣҪȥ
ûҲҪúõĻȥŻİţȥִԼδޡҲֻԵԥ֮֮ˡ

1314 ܵ

1314 ܵ
֪ûйڻȥջ֮±ǹʲôأ
ѵйꣿ
ѵйúõĻȥ
ѵйܲóԷúˮ
ܣܡ
кǾᣬҲֻһ˲䣬˲䷴Ӧ
һȡ
ʲô鲻Ծ
ҪûиҩĻôΪʲôƽ޹ʵֹأ
뵽һɻĿŶ
ѵǶҲнҩ
ǲѽ
нҩһ˵ԵɣǶֻһѾߣôܻнҩأ
Ļֹ۵ĽҩĻôΥԼӵԼҩأ
ɻأ첻ţҲ鸴ӡ
Ʋѡ
ǿ뷨һ㣬ϵЦԽҼûпѯʣҲԹԵЦſ˵ǵģûҸĽҩ
ǿֹʹĽҩֻǼУҵҲС
ʲôȻ˵Ҳнҩġ
ʲôʱŴɵĹƳ棬Ȼ˶нҩˣ
ֱԼĶ䣬һ
һϣҪǶйƳĽҩĻǡǡպԼ㲻ٿɫ
˻
Ŀ𺳣ȵйƵʱҪ𺳡
ôˣ
ֻ뿪һʱ䣬úİȻǰߵСѾͷҲ쿴͸ˡ
Ȼ϶Ž⿪ƳĽҩˣ
е𾪺ɻ󣬾ĵȴŶ˵Ļ
ԡϳĿŶϵЦҲԽ䣬˳Ļ˵ڰǰ·
һѡȻȥ۰Ͱ͵Ŀҩõʱ򣬻ĸһţ鲻õʱ򣬱Ҫʹȥ
Ƴ淢Ǻζرǲ˵Ҳʮİɣ
۾ȴ˶Ļ֮һһġ
ǵġ
ǲö˵һ飬ԼҲǶԹƳ淢ʱĸоס
ָо
Ǳĥˡ
ϵı鷴Ӧ⣬ּƵ˵ţڶ·ѡҺҵĻôͬģҲҩ˵ĸҩǿҵ飬ҴЭ֮ÿε㷢ƳʱҶҩ
ɵ˼֡
ÿιƳ淢ʱ򶼻õҩ
ջʵǡ̫˰
ĿһȴǱصĿڣôҪһ·ǵڶ·أ
ʹʹһֱŹƳĥȫҪԼѡˡ
ҵĻԾڴôԼֻǣҲòһǣҵ飬㻹ôʱʱҡ
ĹƳ淢ѾˣҵҩҲ޷⿪ʹʱǸʱ㼴ǴӦҵҪңҲǶʹΪˡ
ȻϺǿȴЩĵģΪȷԼ֪ٻҶжĹЧһֻǰܽ⿪ʹ֮࣬ûЧأǲ˵̫ģҪ˵̫ˣĻһ߳ŭԼ鷳ǻ
Ǻȷ쾿Ǹʲô˵ģɲֵúʹϣڴһ˾ӣֻϣʱģķԸһ֮󡭡
Ų쵽ǻأ
ǻԼûκεĹϵҪΪŽⲻޣҲ뿴ôʹ
͸ˣ
ǻǧ꣡
䣬˵Щ֮תҪŷȥһӵܺ˷̫ʱ䣬̫ܱ֮ܿ¶ţʱ㲻ʰˡ
һҪ׼ݡ
ʵҲǺܽŵģȷ쵽ûǸȥ
һų̶ȱԼлҪӵĻûоˡ
ڶŷȥʱ򣬶ҲסĽŵĵȴѡ
˵ںѡʵȴںҪ
죬˹Ƴ죬ûа취׵İᵽ
ͬڴϵҲɫᣬĻ˵ĺԣǰĵȷֻ·ˣƳ淢ʱʹ̫أþȫȴҲֻǾÿÿ붼Ƕ꣬ҲȷԼڹƳĥ֮µͦá
һǶֿɵõĽҩһǸʱʱҪŻԼҩ
ǵôѡǲԶ׼ˡ

1315 ܺ

1315 ܺ
Ŷô
ǲǻҪ
ǲǱȿҪӹֵҪأ
۰Ͱ͵ŶڶҪ̤ŵһ˲䣬ٿؿڣһ£һµȻ
ôܻô򵥵ĸҽҩҪʲô쿪ڽס˶̽ŵŶ򶫶ѯʡ
վסţȴ̲סЦһģҪԼˣֻԥһš
ǺãͺðĶˡ
ãϻΪ˵һĹ
򣬲ҩɾȡ
Ϊ˲쿴Լĵ㣬ȴǹ֣쿴⣬վڷŵʱ򣬻תĿ˵ģ˵Ǻܼ򵥵ģҪҪֻҪһϷˡ
ãȻŶ
ǲĽͣ˵˵ԲٳǹƳĥ˵ҲǿԴﵽҪ飬ǻݵģƽĵλҲԵ޹ʵǰ㡣
Ժúõһ֮һʵǺܻġ
ϾҪʱȥֻǿܹЩ۶ѣǶ˵ҵĽҩȴǶоãҿȥ㻻£ȴ㻻һ˸ҩҩ˶еġ
һȻ˵úʵɫҲ֮԰˲٣ȴ֪˵ĻǺܶԵġ

ڶյ֮£վǱۣǻȥһصĵͷ
ðɣͰ˵İ죬Ҫ϶ǻᰴʱҽҩģһֹ֮ĺҽҪ鹫֮ڡӦǴӦ˶飬һжڶϸԼҩǰ¡
ҪǶԼôҲǺ۸ġ
ԣϲźۼ¶һĨЦݣǰŵģǵЦŵͷİɣһᰴʱҩģһеġ
ˣǵýױ̸ɣոչƳ淢ֹסˣ廹ȻȥϢһҪôһ֮ϵģʱֻҪϷͺˡ
ĿڣڻǺͽԼĴ˵һҪϷݺҪϣһе֮ǰҪȥһֻԼ㱨ֻȻݳһϷ
ŶﾹȻЩȲأ
¶㲻ȥɫֱתš
֣صؿŶȥӰֿ˿ԼϵĴҲȷûа취ȥκ飬ûа취ȥҪˡ
ʲŹƳ淢ʱԼ㱻ȥϳ˲ٵ亹֫ӦúõϢһ£ٶһЩźãָܻȥ顣
뵽֮㲻ñƳĥᰴʱԼֻҩãҲ֮ǰǰѹˡ
ҲǽŲĴӶķȥ
֮ĽǺ˽ܵģûκ˷֣ǾҪ뿪ʱ򣬴ԺĺȴֵĿıӰ
֮ǰ֮Щ飬Ե֪һЩģӡ
ҪʲôΪūûʸȥܵġ
ʶĻΪ顭
һκĻǰմǰǰѡܶ
ǣĲ֪ǣΪһѡտڲ̸Ųٲ֮ء
ȻⶼǺˡ
ŲҴңѸٵõֻԺ棬ʱֻҲǸողŽ⿪˹Ƴ棬ʱ򣬼ŲҴҵĹֻЩ졣
ȻǴЭ飬ڵ֮ȴйģҲѾǳ׵ʧ裬Ӻࡣ
ϼҶѾڵѾõļֵˡ
ʱ򶫶Լʲôأ
֮ǰҪģǵֻӦǺˣѵ𣿻Ҫ׵Ľ
ǵҪǿҲԼˡ
ԼԺ͵͵Ķ֣Ҳû֪
Ȼ
ֻֻĲ²⣬ûа֮ͬģڶҲûб뷨
ڵ˵ʴȣǶԼĲ̡
ֻŲΪѣͻԵ뷨
ҲκδϢĻᡣ
ҪǶԸԼĵĴĽֻ˵ҲǺܺõġ
ֻţĽŲѾ첽ҴҵĵԺ棬౾Ҫģֻȴǿ˵ûϵɡ
ܶҪʲôܹӦø˵Ļġ
ֻ˵֮ԼӴ˺ľá

1316 Ҫ㱨

1316 Ҫ㱨
ǡ
೯ֻ˹ֱ֮ӽ˽ȥ
ڽ˷ŶںľԱߵֻҲû˷ʱ䣬ֱӹֻǰ
ʺū澲ǸˣǹҲʧģԼԺūʲôԩҲñĲˣֻʱū澹һʺʵһǳҪҪͻʺ˵
ͨһĹڵϣԴǵ̬ҲֻʵЩȺͲġ
Ƿʲô飬ΪϵıֻࣿšüĿĿŶ
ڵϵĶȴǴ΢΢һЦܿı㽫ԼЦݸѹȥˡ
ȻϹֻǰԼǱѾùˣҪڼݺˣȴǽ˸顣
֮ĳ޿ǲݵġ
װԼʹֻǲϣֻԼǸĺˣʱԼĻˣ
ʲô˵ɡ
õֻĿ϶˲̧ͷĿƵĿֻʺĹƻ֪ġ
ƻ˭֪
˹ƻֻ֣˲Ĳ²⡣
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˵Ǻ͹ƻĪĹϵģ
ѵǱƵ˹ϵǳ
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Լ֪ĿŻ˵ǻʺ֪Ǳ¹Ƶ˾˭أ
ֻ򴽲ϱء
ȴǲֻһοѯʱĻش𣺡һ벻ǹźܴĹϵū澲˵ôŵĹƳ涼ǹģҲҿ϶ǹˣū澿ȷǣǹǱĪеϵģҡ
ҲǶ¹Ƶġֶˣֻһֵϼǵһ졣
£صĽͷ˵ϡ
ʺū澺͹֮˽˶ԹСݺū澵ףҲֱϺϼҼԺԭūҲӦýǰĳ޷µģڡǹǧǧ˵ģ㲻ֻūһ˵˽˶Թˣ
ǰֶˣ
۽Щʪ˵ĻУҪǲ֪Ļ»ĻᱻЩƭ˹ȥأ
ʺһҪǵΣҲǸɻʺϣūֻǾһūӦ飡
ǹ׵ģôҪūȥڹĸǰǸūҲԸģū֪ĵĻ
ʣµĻǶûм˵ȥֻҲǺ׵ģҪǶ֪ġ¹ƻҲǸ¹֮˵ĹϵĻôŵĺƽ١
Ǹƽˡ
֮ǰʢĹǻģϾںԼĵλģѾǱˡ
ɶ˵һֳصĴ
զʱ򣬱ʲô鶼ĳ仹ġ
ǴһŭıԵɣʱᱬըһĶʱըһţҪ˶¹ƵĻǸһֱڰ¹Ҫء
ο
Լƴ֮ĹϵǰĶӣ£ҪǶ¹֮󣬵һҪԸˣӦԼƴˣ
ǲԼƴǡ
ƴǻδ⿪ϵĹƳʱ򣬿ǧƴ֡
ٲˣ
һҪץжˣ
ֻü֮䲻Щǳˣɡ
ֻе𾪣ǿԼܽΣԼɫȻĿŵϹŵĶ
Ѿ֪ˣͻεģȻȥɣʲôʱǰ㱨ˡ
µֻ᲻֪뷨˵һһ壬һһΪˣʵڶ棬ҲǰͲֱӽźá
ԲŻᵽԼǰ˵ЩеĻʵǾ䶼ڴɱ
ʲô˼ֻںҲҪǶ˵Ļݡ
ӦúúöʰһˣԲĴıQͺһһ㣬ָʲôʱ͵͵ĸһڡ
ĺɲ׳ܵ˵ġ
ǣū澱ȸˡƳһֻصɫֻ֪ѾԼĻ˽ȥģĿҲˡ
κεķϻתԹ¡

1317 Ȳ

1317 Ȳ
뿪ķ֮󣬱ת֮䵽֮ǰݷͲڵһľݵϢ
ԼɽѾû֮أôĹƳ棬Ҳʣ˲ֻ࣬ʣЯŵģЩЯŵģ±Ҳʣµġ
ֻҪһŵЩˣɫҲɵø
ľӪô꣬ȴһȫ׷ˡ
Ǹݷ㡭
ҲǸۡ
Ҫ۴ƾŶǸܺԼ࿹⣿
ôлȥŻɽ
ǸϼҼ˵ǴӦԼҪæȥȡѪԼʵأȴǰжûУһģֻõʱ˵ĺǵõǵʱȴѣҲҲУʲôС
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ϼҼΪϵģҲƱػΪֵվֻԼ
Ѿˣ̶ѨҲҪԼȥһˣȥɱ˲룬ȡ˲Ѫ
书ܴﵽµһҲûĶˣҲνЩлԼȺ֮ˣ
书µһ֮Ī˵ŵЩԼжֻǷ֮Ƿȫ£ûκܴԼԼĶ֣֮ǰԼ˵ǸݷҲԼ°ܽôûʲôúµĵطˡ
Լһ˿󻺻˵شľޱߵҹɫǺԥ߽ޱߵҹɫ֮С
ʱŵĲȴԼԺӵ£ʼնǣݷ䣬֮ǰΪæһֱæµţҲûпеʱȥ˼ĸ⣬ûʱȥ˼ݷ֮Ĺϵ
ڹƳҼѾƽˣҲٶȻָ˰ȡ
Ǹڱأ޷׵ҵҲûʲôİ취ҪֻǵȴȴǸٶǺһֱ֣ӽ˸ɱڵȴʱò˳Ժиǲɵø֮ǰԼڳʱݷһֵ顣
Ҳ֪ݷںεأʲô飬֪ݷʵһֱûߣһֱŵıĬĬĿŵĶģ֪Ϊʲô澹Ȼһݷ㡭һֱԼ󱣻Լ̬ͺñԺ˼ġ
ȻʲôûݷҲվĳһطؿһܾԼǷˣȻôĴأ
ͻȻ֮Ĳ룬ϵı֣Ϣ֮ǣޱ߹ҹɫǳ˭ȻΪβ
ŲͬѰζԱиڱ
ʮֵľĿ⣬˿ȴ޷ȷǱ˵ģȷλá
Է书ʵ̫ǿˡ
βԷľλãֻǳ⣬ϣｫǱ˸
Ȼڲ֮һЦȻޱߵĺҹ֮ĪЩˡ
ǺǺǡǺǺǡ
˭˵ǲҳ֣
Ŀ£ӰȻڲǰ̧֮˫ֱֱֹĳŲĲȥ
飡
ͨͨ
ĿȷҪɱ˲룬Ҫȡ˲ѪֵʱжУжǺ֣顣
顪
ͨͨ
Ժʱ򶷵Ǽҡ
һܺǰԶԿһϵģ㽥֮ƣһĵӵ书ǿģǱùƳԼΪ硣
书书Ͳ磬úԶο䲻źֵҪŲ޷ֿסĹ
ֻҪԵһ˲䲻Ĺ֮¡
ϱڲڵ£ֻһ˫۾еĿȴ޾
˲ɴ˫̧ŬȥӭĹڲȴʼնǲǰ˻ֵͻȻ

1318 رҪ

1318 رҪ
֮ǰŵĵӻĴѰӰȴҲİټΪʲôͻȻԼԺأ
رҪԼ
ǵѾһιԼˣ
֮ǰйһ͵ϮľݵʱǷŹƳҧԼڵһΣѾˣ
羿ҪɱԼŵ֮λ
ΪΪԼʲôĵطԲŻҪɱԼſϰݣ
ȻЩӵ˼һ˲㱻ѹȥ֮䲻Ҳûȥôˡ
ģĴڿٵ˼žβӳ죬ҪĹ֮ӳԺӡ
ԺҵĵֻҪԼԺӣŪ֮󣬱ὫҲʱһ֣㲻ôˣ
ĿҪܲҪԿҪߣǱһĶסȥ·
أ
һգ۵˲䣬һʱ˲Ŀڴ
͡
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ǰҲûлӳˣ֮ʲҪǰˣ˴ģɱˣΪʲôԭ
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롭
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ԽԽͣĿվԺĲ룬仺ĿڣΪҪѰҵĶѽ
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ЦŵĿŲϵ𾪣ҪѰҵģǲѪѽЩƳ֮Ի޽ĳɽĴҧʳǵĵӣҲֻΪҪԼؿϵѪѰҺʵѪԵˣ
ΪڷųЩƳʱ籾Ҳ֪˭ѪȽʺϵġ
Ҳʯͷӡ
ҲڵѰҺʵѪԴ
ЩƳɽȥЩƳὫɽѪ㱨ֻйƳȥȡǸʵѪģûôѪЩûôˣǱЩƳ濴ʳѡ
ΪѪιƳĺöڲľɻ֮£ĿĵĶŲ룬ķ·Ǵмô֡
ҲΪ
Ѫ
ιƳĺö

1319 ûǲã

1319 ûǲã
˲ɴ˫𾪵Ŀ磬ȻǽԼʳԼ˹Ƴʳ
ԭ;ñëĲ룬ʱһĹ񡭡ͻȻһ˲䣬á硭Ѿˣ
˵ƣ˵ǹ
ˣҲǳ׵Ϊʲôˣ
Ҳװ׵ԩ
紽һĨѪЦݣһһȴᶨĳŲ˹ȥ
Ų뿿һ˲䣬˫ָǹ
ڣ԰ĵˣһߣһĳŲƽ룬ҲǾı˫ۣȴޱȵĿɬģû뵽
Լô꣬һֱĽԼҲԼҸϸĪΡ
ǣû뵽ԼУֻǱʳ
ǱǶĵĹƳʳ
ǡ
ò裬ȴҲΣ
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ڲķеϣ˫۵һ˲䣬ĹûеԼϣǡ
ԼǰͻȻһС磬ֱֱĽĹԼĿڴһ˲мؿ
顪
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ԭСԺٶ𶯵ӰٶȾһ𣬻ޱߵҹɫ򶷵Ļȡ
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ݷ㣡
Լĸоûд
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һʱ֮䣬ֻԼۿеˮҲ̲ס
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ۡ
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ɳô׷ɱۣ۱Ƶ·ȻϼҼıҲȫ˶зݡ
ѵ۲ӦôʱվͳһսߣһͬԸ
˵۱Ű򣬺ϲŰԲŻŰԼ֮󣬾ȻҪæԸԼ
ʵ׽͸۵뷨
ҪûۣʣµЩˣһԼĶ֣
ϼҼǸԼ͵Ϯ˵ǶҼҼ
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۵ãûбŸǳӲˣȻ֮󴦴ĺԼԣ
Ŀһݣ
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ôá
ǾͲҪ籰ˣ
书ʵµģǡ
Ҫˣ
Щ۵˹Ƴˣ֮֮ǰûд߶ڵĹƳʱΪ绹ۣҪ۽йĽֻƳ
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ֻһΣûǲã
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ۺڰл۳һըѿ˵ĽŲźȥ
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ûǲã
ÿˡ
ô֮ľӱԻʱڲȥ߶ڵĹƳ棬۹ȥ۲ʶôģҪԼ

1320 һӲ

1320 һӲ
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ǰĴϻۣһ仰еĺ壡
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ҲһŹ磡
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۽彣˳Ĺĳؿڴķȥ
ν֣۲ؿڴĲһ
ĵطϣһܺƽĽ˵ĵط򵥴ǶԼĿڴȴǸ֣أ»ȥܵ˺ҲԸؿڴܵ
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һȥģ۵˼ֵİա
Ҳ֪ˣؿڴǲʲô˵ܵģ

ֱӴĿڴֱɱ磡
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ھȻЩˣ
ЩʱϼҼ飬ùƳȥɱۡ
ϧʱ绹ϣܴ۵ʵ飬ܲùƳ潫˵ΪɵԼϣ۵츳ּߣֵԭ֮£˽˵Ƴɱۡ
ˡ
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ԹۣԹΪʲôôĮԹΪʲôԼϲӶڵһ̣еԹ޶ʧˡ
еۡ
һԴǵ˰
ԼΪʲô飬ΪʲôҪȥأ
ڣǿԹúܺõģȴΪԼ˺ΪԼ
źΣҪǵ˲ʶͺˣ˵ĳһĬĬػֻأҲûΣˣ
߰ɣˣ
Ƭ֮䣬ģǸʳ
ȴ
ڲߣ
ˣ
һӲ

1321 ˹һ

1321  ˹һ
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ۡ
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ûˣ
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ĿڴѪƼȻѪżϾֻǳӶѣȱұոˣΪҲûκεĶֵǷķĳ۷һû뵽
ؼʱ۾ȻԼôһи׳н
޷֮
ĿǷŭŭ𣬺޲ֱӽǧУϵʹȴҲ޷֧κεĶĪ˵ȥɱۣվҪž޴ʹ
ǸܵһĪĻ̿֡
ؿϵѪܵ˼ĴˣԼѪֻѪƵϣԣԲֻѪƾô׵ˣ
Բܣ
ݺݵҧǲĵĲ룬ȴ˲Ӱʧޱߵҹɫ֮Уûа취ȥȡ˲Ѫˣ
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Ͳһܳɹˡ
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ֱӰ׵ʧ֮ڣȷûмԭؿ׼ʱŻ֮Ÿ¶ʹࡣ
ꡪ
һѪ۵ҲҲֲסôֱֱİ˵ϡ
ƳĥʹԵ书Ҳǲ׵ֵסƳĥ͹֮ԲұֳֻΪҪ߰ˣ
ܱôһѾþȫ
类һ֮ûм뿪Ǽ½գۺͲҪģ
۶ͷ
ǾԼ֮ڵĴҴܣǱѿһ㡣
ֻص˶ǰʧص״̬
ܼԺˣۻԼƲסԼʱ򡭡ûɱ˲룬ǲҪԼʶģ֮ˡ
һԵĨԼǵѪ´ӵվǴ㳯Ժȥͷβûпһ۲롣
ڵϵĲȴΪ۵뿪
ݷ㡭
ݷ㣡
ۣ
վס
ۿ΢죬ǰǵԼӰٿؿ֮Ѿʣһԣ
ҴСеĵǴʱϵıͺݷʱȴǺ֮ǰǰѵŽȻͬķӦ
ǲ롣

ȻֻһˣȴǴֲһ̬顣
˵Цÿ춼ڿĵУûʲôǻѹģûκεķǳ
ǲȴһ
ϲˣŸóܵΡ
벻ˡԼԸ
Ϊʲôȴҵǰ
Ѿ䣬ȴҪҵ󡣡
ǲһֱڣһֱڱĬĬıң
һ⼱ĴӲĿʳЩ𰸣ʵѾ˴𰸣
ԲʧأǰԼӰݷ㣬Ųȷһ˲΢΢ͣҲֻһ˲ˣ
ݷǻعŲӼĳǰȥȴͷҲع
żݷıӰ󺰣ݷ㣬Ҹ㣬ϲ㡣
ϲҵ飬Ǻûϵģ
Ҹ㣬ҪŹģ
㣬ٶȵĳҵ֮ڣȻˣ㲻ܹҾˣ
ԭǴҪŹݷģҲǰȻȻ뿪ҪģһζؾֻǻĪѿǲ룬Ѿ˵ʱȴһһεسԼǰһδεòѾ˵ģ㣬ֲˡ
һβݷ˵ʲô붼׵ķŹˣݷԼѡ
ǰҪ֣ڡ
ȴǼᶨԼľٷˣ
Բᣡ
ѪˣһһһεľԼʱҲ᲻ıж

1322 һΣҲٷ

1322  һΣҲٷ
ûĸŮֿܵסĬĬػŵݷ㡣
һΡ
ֻ붼ˣ
Ľ֮ûаĹϵ
ȻݷĽŲûͣĪĲȴ΢΢һĨЦ⣬Ǵ⣬ԭ˾澹Ȼʹ͸ˡ
֮ǰĺܶӣ涼Ǿģ֪ѡ
ʵʱҪǰһһһѵѡһġ
ȱţȱԼţǶθãȻҪȴųá
ҪǵټһµĻ˵ھѾ߽ݷ档
Լ֪ǰݷľģҪߵݷĪѣǵʱΪʲôԼټһأ
ǰա
ڲȻѾ˾ôľҲڣҵĿ꣡
ʵЩʱҲǲҪ£ܾǰԼҪߵ·ǼѣǼܼᶨģһֱֱǰȥĻĽʧܣԼҲúܸˡ
벻úڸԼźϾԼеŬȥȡģܲȡĽԼ޷ƵĺõģܹƴȫŬ
ĺ֮ʱͤ˼ʱ뵽һιҲź
Ҵʱ˿̵ĲҲǰʧģ˭˵һʧأӳڻûоʧأ
ûһûгɹģǰǸôɽôĮҲоģһɽڻ
ݷ㣬ҲݷҲãҲգ֮һԼģԼµĳҵǰģһΡұ˵ʲô׷ˣ
۵ӰʧԼ֮ڣǲȴǿޱߵҹɫ뿪ıӰ
뿪ãǴһڶĵӸϵԺ棬žڵϵĲ룬в봽ǵѪĵǡ

ôˣ
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ԼԺ䣬סŵĵطʵ̫ԶˣܸܵԺĶǸոգոԼǰһӰ鲻Ծ̴ŶҵĳĴѰң浽ûʲô˴롣
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첽ǰڵϵĲӵϷѯʲ뵽׷ʲô飬ֱӽӵϸֱӵ˷֮ڣڴϣųʱѯʲ뵽Ƿʲô
ڶЩҵĳҲ硣
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ĳǣɵÿȰ˵ȵһ£˵Ļᰡ
ôĿڣô⣬вȻش˭Ŷ
һڣȻЧЩҲٶԣǾĵȴŴϵĲĿڡ
˵Ƿʲô飬£ǶأȻĿᣬҲһֱڰοŲ롣
ҪָǹĻѾκǰˡ
ǲ֪ǵĶĺģʵĵͷոգǸƵ˹Ϯҵģ
ҪȡҵѪƣ
˻
⻹ˡ
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ǻŭǸƵˣ
ȷǸɱôˣֻΪҪԼĹƳ棬Ѿɥĳ̶ˡ
û£ģպұҹ㣬ǵʲôʱ򣬶Բ뿪㣬ܷһˣ
ʵ̫Σˡ
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Ǹˡ
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ǲΪѾû֪˰
εŲ롣
ȴǿһĨ΢Ц㿴ɵǸ
¶ֲܹϣ
ͺͶûκεĹϵģֶܹܣ

1323 ѪƷ

1323 ѪƷ
ǲ벻Сģû뵽ԼȻǱƵ˸ϣһԼ˹Ƴˣ
ˣ
ģ෴ЩлģҪͻȻ֣»֪ݷԼ˼֪ݷһֱڱ󱣻Լ
ݷԼ󣬲ûʲôµˣ
˵һӯҲһ¶ˡ
ǾǳȫԼ˼
ȥӦͻش޹ؽҪ⣬ֻ¶԰֮ɫεĿŶλϺ͵ǣıǸˣλҿȲܻشǵˣҪúõϢϢ
ڵĲĶǵݷ㣬Ҳ֪ݷһ֮ôˣﻹ˼ȥӦЩûõ⣡
ݷһˣʲô鶼Ƿ棬ҪԼȥܵġ
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ʵܶ鶼һ˳ܱ淴ӵѹ֣ҪҵĻôӱùĺܶˣ
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ǿһʶҧĴˮȴڵɽȪٲ֮ҲãҲǽ뵽˲ٲˮУôˮ˳ƶ¡
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ѾˣۼҪŴѩġ
ǺڣһЩȴʺϹƳĻ
ԵĸܵƳԼؿڴǽЩЩɫġ
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ֻƳȻֻֻӣһ̶ϣѾ˵ģ
ô˵ѪҪǻûԵĻҲǴÿԣ˵ʲôҲʺѪˣ
绺֣ǽ޳ָѪϰ
֮ǰѪܵŵʱֻҪİһֻѪƹԹԵǽ죬Ѫƾͺܵ˼Ĵ̼һֻİûκεãİֻѪƵԸñ
ֵ
˲ɴ˫ͻԣǴӿзһŵ
㡭
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ꡪ
Ѫ˲̫Ѩ˳ȵѪٲˮУܿģǱٲˮˣ
ѪҲǳ׵ʧţĿڴ
ĵɴ۾˫ƺҪץסʲôϧΧֻˮѣ˺һʲôûץЩˮȴ˳ָ϶ʳȥ
˹Ƴô꣬ȴû뵽ȻҲôƳ淴ɵһ졣
ǲɻ
˵仰˵һ㶼ûд
뻢ıƤעǻΪġ
ǰû˵ʱһܿƵסֻѪơ

1324 ǹƳ

1324 ǹƳ
ǲһӶܽѪƸƵס
ʢʱֻѪƻҪͷҲôȵҪõѪοʱأ
ֻѪƺôѪԣβڵǿõʱ
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ѪҲǱ۵ˣܵ˲СĴˡ
ҲʱҪռ壬úõһʱˣ
ѪƵôĺôڣҲʱѪƸһˡ
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Ѫ֮ôеҪôѪ޷ҪӰˡ
綼Ὣ忴ʳԵ
ϧһӣȴΪƳʳ
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ԼķбĿ
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ǲã˷ſ˵֮ȴϷת䡣
ϺǣŶðүȻ˶Ĵ𣿡
Ҳǡ
ϴЦϾ΢ģôүء
ү˶Ҳ֮е顣
ȻүӭĻǶiھߣүˣǶˣ˵գȻת뿪
ڴϵﻹܾô׵ķ˶뿪
ԭϵĲͷҲһ̵ʧԭǶ
ҵ˭أϴֺõЦݣҪǴǰĻõŶһѾߵһˣҲǱƵûа취
ϾͶúõ˵ĻҪȺõҩ򵥵Ķˡ
Ϊˡ
ǺܲԸĺͶ˵ģȴҪǿװܸ˵ģ¶Ҳһ˵ģֱӲԼҩˣ
ǵʱԼ޶ûеطȥޣ
ԼҪòʧˣ
Ƴʰĥ֮죬򲻸ôˣ
˿ŶҲǸĪȣͲֱӽСڸˡ
ڶҲǴЦݵģæĺͶչˣԭǶѽ
ʲôԸҪ˵𣿡
ֺõĿŶȴеЦݿĿ죺ү仰˵̫ˣ򲻸ҵģֻмҪҪүʲôԸҪԸүġ
ֻǸѾߣôҷԸүأ
Ȼͬ£񶫶̬ѺõͱȽá
ȥģƽ޹ʵ˼񣬼̬˿ЦҲǶ˼ģ˵ȻѾЭ飬Ҫʲô飬Ҷǻᾡĳ̶ģһúõȥ
˵ЦЦŤֱ쿪ʵȻү㲻ˡ
ҪʣүйƵʱ򾿾ʲôһүʵ档
֪֪˷ܰս
ҪҪ˽⵱йƵģҪ˽Ǳ¹˾ʲôϵһС
ѯʣҲʮŵͷĿصĿ˵ʱұҪģϾǲ˺ӣһ󲡣ϱʧ衣ұǺҪοģû뵽²ĹʱķоȻˣЩ߳ŭˮҪԴǵһ
ǲ뵽һģߵǸ˸ֺ书ǿ
ڻŵĳʱ컹ú޵ҧгݡ

1325 ˭֪˭ɶ

1325 ˭֪˭ɶ
˶˵ֱӳҶ֣ǳҲעιһϸİɫĳӣŵĹƳңұ֪ǹƳ棬Ҳ˹Ƶġ

˵ԼʱǻʶĸԼʶĳªˣҲ⣬˵ԼйƵľʱǻ̲סʶĽڮһ˳ΪԼǺί޹ߡ
ʵϼҲܴŲ³˵Щʱ
һôõģ˭֪˭ʲô
Ӧ첻֪ôҪѵʱû٣û뵽ôİڲǡʶǸƵˣǸƵڳ˱ָѵ
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ͷβǾǻõģӦúúõĽѵ֪ŮˣǴҲǲ۸ȥˣ
ڶȷʵûʲô仯װĿصı⣬ҸıһԹʵүҲû뵽С㾹ȻˣҸô꣬ȴҲΣֻǸԻڵĺġ
ԭΪСֻǱĸԻˣǲЩͲܺĵ飬С㱾ȻѾΪ˻ϵȴظ˺ܶԲϣԲԼڵ飬Ѿ߿ŶСǹ֡
ҲףСΪԶңΪС㲻ϲһȰ˵ε̾˿ҸүίҪһСģû뵽С㾹Ȼʶôүʵ˵ʵҵҲǶСʧ͸ˣԲŻҪҪġ
Ŷ˶ĻֻǾúܲ죬ֻ˲ˡ
ǶʧĻôܻ͵͵İæԼԼҩأȻҲʲôöİɣڵʲôǱûаĹϵˡ
Ҳܡ
ʱ˿ֻ̣жнҩһ㡣
нҩʲôԵġ
ɲǰҲϹȻǰϲˣְͰ͵ĸȥ۸ǲöԷмԼǸԼһɧһĹƳĥ
Ŷĸп˱ڷһһϷ
Ƕܲαȿ˵үСǱǸƵ˸ԻˣΪСãҲΪ˲ƵټŵˣǱҪһЩˣ
ʲô飿
ĿصĿŶܾöʹǰǸСѾͷòһˡ
صһЦɫȻĿ죺үѵ뱨ǸƵ˺С㽫ŪңѵͲ뽫еĳ޶𣿡
룿
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ζðɣ
¶бһ⣬ֻҪүŶұ֤үһҵᱨ𣬺ݺݵؽѵһСǸƵ˵һ٣ҽǰܵίȫջ
ʲô취ò˵˶˵ĻҲǼ˼ȤɺӢǸƵ˰ʱʱ̶̿ҪֻۣϧԼŹƳ棬ҪҲ޴֣ÿƳʹĥѾҪˣлȥԸأ
û뵽ȻҵԼǻҩıߵȥ¾Ȼĺ
Ҳûʳ˿ڡ
ϵЦԽ䡣
үȼװСͶϣȻһߣŻжȥҺˣڹؼʱСһʱ֤֤ڣСҪ⣬Ҳ޴ӱˣ
˵ʱ򣬶вԾɢ⣬ҲЩǸܳŽСץסĻᣬûܻǸƵˡ
ү밡ǸƵųĹƳŴ˺ѽҪܳûǸ˸ץĻү˵ǾӸΰһλѽм֮ѵ˵𣿡
һǿԱһ滹һǿ˳õҩܵƳĥ
켸ֻ˼Ƭ̣ǳŶصĵͷ
ǶĻ˵ĺе
ֻ踺صߣҵ֣ԶԶģôպԶûлᱨˣ
Ǹңڣ
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ֻƬ̵ĹԶ飬һڵͷӦ˵ĺܶԣҪȥ
ǸСôҪΪңҶҪ£

1326 ϣл

1326 ϣл
ȻˣǱүˣ
¶ĵ̬Ⱥ⣬ȵľ仰
ѾﵽĿģҲú˷ʱˣȻ΢΢ף֮󣬱ŷȥ
û鶫ˣ
үģС֮ū澻ᾡһĿһ԰æġ
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ãҲǺⶫЩ˵ˬôԼƵҲǽĺöˡ
ƵҩЧöЧйƳֻֻڴ죬þӣҲŻָ֮ǰĻ
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ֱһΣƴǹ˿һԼԴԽ֮󡭡
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ʲôܱŽ̬ܵˣֻ滹Ҫġ
Ȼ̫䵭ˣ
ֻöģ󿴿ֿʱʱЦݵĿͬһŵƴǡ
ߵʱô˵ֻڵ鲻ȻϵĹƳǿԽ⿪ģΪĴڣֻˡ
ƴϵĹƳҲǿԽ⿪İɣ
ƴ򴽣ʯ˸Ŀ⣬һĨһͷҲֻһ˲䣬ĨǱƴǸѹˡ
˵һȫĽϵĹƳɾöε壬ҽĻӦûа취ĳ׽ɾҲûʲôˣ
ƴǲֻ̫࣬Ҫ˵Լûˣֻǻġ
˲ĹƴǵбѾѡ
˵ֻǿκһɣ
ʣһԼڵĻǽʲôʱҲֻ̫ģ
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ԼҽͺܺˣϾŽָģʲôֻҪһ۱ܳ׵Ŀĸٶ֢ҩˡ
û뵽ˣɽɽôĵطҲǻĸ˴ڵģ
Ҫǣ˻Լ
Լеö塣
˽ֻ㿪ģûнƴǵĻȫϣΪֻãҽβ˵ʱ򣬶ǻԼصġ
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ҪǵֲβõĻôΪ򣬿һֱӸ߲ˣֲΣòȥı߾͡
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˽ֻѾƴڵĹƳ濴ȫκõֽҾƴ˵ʵֻܾȥҽƴǡ
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ƴǵ书ǿֻ֪ģеǰʱʱĽҲ֪ƴйƣҲûиƴǺʵĽҩƴһܿԼĸ书ÿŶأο
ҪæƴϵĹƶ룬ʣµһЩҩţƴǵ书ΪţҲûʲô̫ˡ
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ϼҼȴ죬ûֱ̽ԭ򣬾ҪţֻԹƳζʹ֮Լǣ
ʱƴҪҪֻƱؾҪԼĿˣ
ϼҼҲٶʲôıƣҪʲôϺѩϺȥõƴǵĳңȥ˺֮ٸԼͼı̫鷳ˣ
Ҿܲܳɹ˵
ϼҼȲˡ
ϼҼҲǿĺˡ
ƴǵֻֻĴڣ˲ôãûа취ƴǶģôŮȥ̷ƴҲֻͽ޹
ԣϼҼ㲻ЩָŮˣֱӷֻϡ
ϼҼԼһΣжʹǺܳɹ
ڣֻƴǵǰ̯ƲвƴǺֻԹʱˡ
ţϼҼҲǸź첽ĵֻԺ棬ҲûľֱӽңƴǺֻǰ
ŶˣϼҼǵЦݱԽˡ
ŶϺͻʺȻһġ
ϼҼţЦŵĿƴǺֻиע˵ı仯
ֻɫȻǺ󣬵ǲѿ֮ǰҲܵʹĥģ򲻻۽ЩȦƴǡȻʱֻЦŵģ׵ĿȴЩ
ϼҼźۼĽ˵ĶУȴԽĵ⡣
Ȼ
ֻģӦѾƳ淢ˣҲǳ˹Ƴ֮ˣ鵽ڵ̶ȣϼҼҲνƴǺֻ֪Լоˡ
ɶƴǺֻɫĺˣ˵ҲὫԼϣ硭ֱġ˺
ϼҼֻ֣ҲǺƴǺֻ˺ˡ

1327 ٳ治

1327  ٳ治
ͬʱϼҼƴǵҲǴżĨζġ
ȻƴǱϿûʲô쳣ĵطϼҼ֪ƴǵҲŹƵģ۹Ƴ淢ʱǰķƴڵĹƳǺһġ
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˵ôǿʹͣԼأ
ϼҼ˲Լ˵ںƴǺֻ˵ʱҲ΢΢̧壬ֻƴǵ΢Ÿ߸ϵĽġ
ȻϺͻʺڴˣôϷҲ㲻ȥˣЩҪͿֱͻϺͻʺ˵ˣ
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Ȼ
κˣκεʱ򣬶ǲܽ˵̫ˡ
һ⣬ҪԼżֵġ
ϼҼȻûֱ˵ֻ˹Ƶһ£ȴתᵽŹƳĻҵ顭ҡϼҼŵһ̾αװԼǺЩΪƳҶӰ쵽ĵأ

˵ҲǽЩĪ˸УΪЩƳͻȻϮڵĵ֪ôֱ࣬
Һá
ҺϷҲżȻĻõ˿ԻƳĽҩϣڵĵһЩ飡

Ĺؼ
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ϣʺ˵ıΪʲôô࣬Ƿʲô𣿡
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ƴҲǿ첽ǰŵĿֻǵ޲ֻȥһ㡣
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ƴǹеţڴϵֻȴǰ۾װʹı顣
ǲϼҼֽţǣǷǺϼҼĪİʲô룬ʲôûб֡
ΪϼҼ֣ôʲô飬ǻ¶˿ıƴǺֻġ
ϼҼʲôʲô˵ƴǺֻͷԣŹؼʱƴǺֻһĻ
ǲ޷׳ܵ˵ģ
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ƴתϼҼĽǶ΢΢˴ǣȴǼٵĵǵġ
ϼҼǵŽ⿪ƳĽҩĻҪĵóôƴƱǻǼĴµģ
ƴĿĿϼҼϼҼȴװΪѵӡ
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ϣʺʵϷȷŽ⿪ƳĽҩǡϷԼİ
ǿˣͣôϷΪŵϼҼҪúõչλģֻǡ
ϼҼ۾ֻƳĽҩϾǹϵΣģʵǽҩֻжһݣϷԼõģ
ϾϼҼЦĿƴǺֻһۣϾƵһûץ˭Ҳұ֤Լ᲻йư
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ƴǺֻ˵ȷ͵ģΪŵһ֮ҪúõдƴǺֻ˵ġ
ҪƴǺֻʲô鿪ڵĻôϼҼһԥĴӦˣʹȫȥæȥ
ƳҩǹϵԼģ㲻һ顣
ϼҼô׵ľʹӦ˵Ļ
飬ϼҼѡ񣬲˽ģǻˣҲͬѡġ
ûǸ˻ȡ壬ԼȫȥΪ˱˵Σɡ

1328 αе˼

1328 αе˼
Ҫ˭Ϊ˲ɵ˶ԼվģôһǸɵӣ
ϼҼʮ
˵ʱҲǸ
ЦЦڿƴǺֻʱҲǶ˼⡣
ƴȴǲ׵ķŹϼҼǼüĽĿϼҼǼôԸ
ʲôƴǶԸܣ
ƴĿţĵϼҼ
ϼҼҲڷѡ

ֻڴƴǵĻһҽУƴһϼҼüͷɿȴĿĵĶƴǺʹϵֻͳʮĿڵ
ʵҪҪϷҲǲԡ
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ϺͻʺҪҩҲǲԣֻϷҪûϺͻʺͬҪĶǹƽǲǣ
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ԣƴס˺Ŀ⸴ӵĿϼҼȴĮĿϼҼϵЦݡ
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ԺôϲԸϼҼ˵㲻ٵҰģҲеġ
ûа취ıٹ̵ĹˣԡϼҼ㽫Լ۹Ĺ棬׿Ų㣬Ҫ¹ȨΪһİͻʵۣҲǵóԸˣ
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ּλתøĴӣɱǻʺزҪŻʺĴѰҽףҪϷ
ϼҼԽ˵ϵĵԽһ˫иǲԾ˸Ĺâ
ǱΪޣ֮Ӵߣͻʺžۣʱ֮ʣµϷԼã㲻ҪϺͻʺˣ
ʱ䣬㹻ϼҼıĳ֮дѪˡ
ҴĻҲǸԼһűĵƣϾûֻеĹƳĽҩģҲ֪ȥҪ᲻
ס̫ӱȽס
ʱ򣬼ûֻĽҩвƴǣǴڣƴǺֻҲʲô
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ʱ̫ˡ
õ㹻һĨȥƴǺֻڳյеӡˣ
ϼҼֶƴǺֻҲǶ˼ֽ
ƵĻϼҼȴûаɵģѾе鶼ˣԼҪвƴǵ˼ǵвƴǣĿŵ
ΪΪֻ˹˵ģ
Ÿķ
ǼˣƴϼҼĻʱ򣬻ǲɵɫ

1329 θô󣬳Ե£

1329  θô󣬳Ե£
ϼҼ
ƴǱĴǻ˵ĸָ޾Į䣬ʯһڵ˫ôĵֱϼҼϡ
һʱ֮䣬ЩĪء
ƴĿĿϼҼϼҼҲüƳƴǡ
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ҪȨԷ࣬ʱҲͬһİģû뵽ϼҼȻֱӿڱ˵ҪƴǵĻλ
ɲθںܴˣ
Ե𣿡ƴ۾ĿĿϼҼи͸޵ϡ
Ե
ҪΪʵۣɲǿűķ⡣
ҪޱߵķҫôƱҲҪ۵ģҲ˵Ҫиƽ⣬㻹Ҫ֮Ƕǣֶ֮֡
ʲô겻˻ʲôģϱȱһ
б߹սҡ
ȵȡ
ֻҪ˵ĳ⣬㶼ڻʵ۵ͳﷶΧڡ
һжĺˣܰպͳ˵һ䣬Ǹûʵۣǽ˶ѣûбˡ
õĺǲĻᱻĹѪͷ
ʵҲһķյġ
˶һûʵۡ
ǡϼҼ˽ˡ
治ƴǿϼҼǵ潫ϵλùøϼҼϼҼҲûʵ۵һλá
治֪ϼҼ
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ϼҼȴƴǵĻʲô˼һǼᶨԼ
ǺǺǣǵ˵Цˡ
Ϸֻ˵ʵˡ
ϷѾźͻϻлʺ˵ˣ׿ϲϴӦǾҪԻʺϲ˺̶ֳȣϷǲżġϼҼ۾鵭ĮĿƴǺֻ
ֻǣϷŻʺǵȲ̫õģͿôˣ
£ϼҼƱҪԺȥ
ϾǻȨƴ˵ҲǸĶָƴôֱӴӦԼ
ϵֻҹţ塣
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Ըƴȥ˼ʱ䣬ҲͲôϵֻҪһʱ䡣
룬վڱɫƴȴٿؿڽסϼҼ
һȣ
룬ϼҼδ߳ţٿصıƴǸסˡ
Ȼ
ҪƴǵʹֻϲУƴһƵģǴ²ʲôӰ쵽
ⲻϼҼ˵ʲôѾƴǻȥôľˣ
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ֻҪһԼӵĽɽֹסѪڣ
Ҫ֪ȨôֿɵõĻ֮ǰ˷ôʱʲô
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ϧûô֪
Ҫ˶֪֪Ļûʧˣ
ϼҼѾ˵ĲУȻȴҪǿװŵģµĽŲͣסˣתüĽšĿƴǣȴƴǽҪ˵Ļ
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ΪʲôôƶҩһԽ⿪
ƴϼҼϴţλҲǲУԭƴǶȨҲôпֻǣλȴعأֻߣȷعˣҩǣȴԻĲûκεأ
ƴҲɵӡ
ϼҼҪװǵ˼סƴǵġ
ҡ
ѵϼҼ֮ԶԻϵĹƳ˽⣬ĵƳ汾ϼҼֱʰɣ
ƴǵĿͻȻñ䣬ϱ𺣬ϼҼ
ĵĿҪϼҼıһ㣬С
ϼҼϵЦ΢΢ЩӲֻһ˲㱻ϼҼѹȥ
ϼҼϵЦݽʧƴǵʵʱ򣬲ûа㺦£ֱ׳ıɫ
ðԭڻϺͻʺУϷȻˣ
ϷԭǺĺҪ߻ʺͻСģñƳȺҲ˳Ż϶Ļ˵ģŸϷŽҩġ
ϺͻʺﲻмϷ򣬷ﻳϷ򣡡
ϼҼſڣãȻϺͻʺĻϷϷҲûʲôҪٺͻϺͻʺ˵ȥˣ
ϷȻȥɣ
ϾȨȻãȴҲҪȥģٴȨΣ
ϼҼƺıƴǵĻŪˣ顣
ƴҲû֤ݣŲϾͺˡ
ƴҲܰԼô
ϼҼûа㺦ƴǣƴԸӦʹӦԸӦ
ֻ˸á
֮ҲǸϺϺѩõطˣ
ʱٵȵȾˣ
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ƴǲûкϼҼٶѴֱ࣬ӿڽϼҼƴϵıʲôһ㡣
ˣô
ƴǹϳҲϼҼڴ»ĵͷôƴԸϼҼһʽף
ϼҼڱҩɣ
Ƴ浽ûнҩ
ƴǺֻ֪
ϼҼеûнҩ
ƴǺֻͬҲ֪
һӦϼҼǿ飬ϼҼелûˣ
ҪûеĻ֪ϼҼҰˣҪеĻ
˵ܽơ
ܽƴϵĹơ
㲻ܣҲǿ͵ǰооƳĽҩôƵģƴǵĹƳҲżİģ
ֻϼҼǰװͼ
룬ϼҼȴһĨζЦݣϣĲһĻῪЦ
ҪϷôֱӵĽҩʺ£ôĳŵܶ𣿡
Ϸûô棡
ϼҼȻĵһԵĵã۵Ŀƴǣʺʹʲô˵ġ
ֻҪϵѨϵ㼸£סĵˡ
Ϸ򽫽ҩ֮ǰǵҪʥּⶨãҴصҩϷܴӦģ
ϼҼֲɵӡ
ôƴʲôֻôͷϴӦˣֱӽҩ͸ƴǺֻ

1330 ˭ȥ

1330 ˭ȥ
Ҫ˽ҩֲֳŵôϼҼ˭ȥ
ҡ
ϼҼûнҩ
ʲôƴǺֻ
ƱҪӸˣõʥּʱϷԣѾλã˳дȨƴǺֻҪڵʱҲˡ
ϼҼǵ⡣
ƴȴšüϼҼܱ֤ոƴǿ˵أ
һ֡
ϼҼƴǵĻƴҲǲϼҼĻ
˭ԸȥŶԷôˡ
ϧ
Ƶ˻ƴǰˣ
ϾйƵֲϼҼˣ۵ҲϼҼںˣ
Ȼ
ҪֻϵĹƳ滹û⿪ǰ֮¡
ϼҼǴҪƴǸȥģ򲻻׵á
Ҫʲô뷨ˣϼҼ˰֣һϤģ
ƴĿϼҼƺ˼֡
á
ƴվͲסֻԼǰϼҼǳ˵һ䣺á
ϼҼ֮⣬ʹĿƴЦЦϺͻʺﰴԼϷƱػὫҩԹ˫ַϣϾϷҲûйƵģʱҪ뿪ȥǹƳĽҩҲûʲôôģ
ϷԸ
ϼҼǿĳƴǹ˹֣¼ȨٵİãϷĽҩʱ̵Żʥּˣ


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ǾȲԼⲻϵĹƣ
ͬʱϼҼиǵ⣬Լһôǵѡ
类˿һ֮ΨֲǶϵͲ⣬ô
ʲôֻҪǱõĺǾǺö
ļʱѵʱԲõƳ棬㡭֮ЩʹģǺȴǶѾ˵ġ
ϼҼҲŴ
ڣʱȥǰʣûнҩôһ˵ˡ
ҪеĻԸ⽫ҩĻôϼҼԸȥɱ˲Ǹµġ
ݿɿϢϼҼ֪ˣڵ֮ԻŶ֮ʱչҲΪͻʱ书ΪܵشˣŲѵıչˣòǸŵĴ֣
ǿЦ
ټţûҲżġ
ֵõһôĳϺ͵ǵǰָֻţ˵ĳϺͼʵһҪǿһЩⲻˡ
ϼҼܵίҪܽ޸ɱô֮󣬿¶˵ҲһεĴʱ˵ƲȬˣ
ֱӶǾٺòˣҲϼҼԶˡ
ϼҼԽԽøˡ
ıô꣬ǵùô꣬صƿˡ
˲ͱ
ڵŶҼǸùѾΪ˹ƳвͣʬǶûУֻһ¹ڣֲˣҪҲˡ
ټбֻʣԼǸҼҼǸˣһϲĲŵˣֻҪǲ漰ҵ棬űҼǲģʱҪԼķԸˣ
ԼͷƴǵʥּһλճȨܳ׵ļܿŵĴȨҲǶС
һ֮䣬ϼҼȫˣ
ܲˣ
ҪѾˣôҲڿҿҵķϣҲԸȥԼԸȡѪҪƵĹƳ棬Ը
ϼҼǸˣˮ˳ȥȫ˵ҲԸ
ڲһˡ
á
ҪõĺôʲôɾͲһˡ
Ǵǰ̣ôԼõķϣҲǻʹĴӦˡ
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ɱ˲ȡѪͬʱҲٵõκεҩİһ˼ʹϼҼȥ㣬Ҳǻ׵ġ
ûܶɫֱӽҩԼǰ
ϼҼţԽصȴֱӴǵĳȥȻ⣬ϼҼϵЦȴûάֶã˲
Ƿҵĳǲɵɻ
ôôˣ
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ϼҼץסԽŲҴҵĵӣʵô£
ʲô飿ΪǶɫţ
Ǳץĵ㶣ϼҼŻعؿϼҼΪ͵ϮǴС㣬ȫڽϣѰǸ͵ϮǴСˣ˵Ǹ˾ǱŹƳˡѾǴСˣֻڲ֪ġ
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ԴǳأҲԼģҪȻҲôż
ϼҼĲɵذ˰֣ˣȥɡ
ϼҼɫȻûʲô쳣ǿǰǸ㱨ĵ뿪֮ȴޱȵķŭɫҲǸŸ
һʡİѾˣҪżҪżôؼʱһҪסӺúõصȴѾôʱˣѵͼһʱ
û뵽ǸǴӦԼ˵ǻڵȵȣʵؾȻ˼͵ԼȥҲ붯֣
ϼҼֻǸ书ˣ̥ûκε书츳׳ƵķϲģҪȻҲͲôˣ
һżȻãĻ޸֮ķ书˶׵Ľһֻô򵥡
˻Ҫֱȥɱţȥȡ˲Ѫذɣ
Ǻǡ
ϼҼֱҪЦˡ
ȥЦ𣿣
ˣ
ϼҼ仰ֻ֮úЦôûһԴأ

Ļˣ
²ࡣ
ʲô
ҪֱŵĵӸ˻أԺԼǰƽ׵Լ



ͬʱϼҼǷŭѣ޵ҧгݣǸԼ嶯˷֣İ֮ززҲˣԼأ

1331 Ҫܱ

1331 Ҫܱ
ҪҩթһƴǺֻأڿɵˡ
ûнҩˣûָˡ
ϼҼһ˵֮ҵ磬ҪҩŵЩҵĻԼûлȥҩҩˡ
ϼҼƵҪߣȻ
ȴͻȻסŲ
ֻЩԾ
ˡ
ôôص飡
ô꣬һֱǺĹϵ飬뷨ʮģ
ҪԼԹۣŽҵĻʱΪԱԼģһ罫ԼǰôĻ¸һĶ§Լܺã
ʱϾֿɵõȨƲûˣƬɢԼ˹ֵ˺
С
ԲУ
ϼҼıôãΪľǵȵһ죬ȻһǰϾͿԵȵˣǲܱ¶˸ˡ
ϼҼһҪҵ֮ǰȰҵҲûлǰ˵ԼЩıˡ
ϼҼõ˲䱻ƻˡ
ȴǲԼ˵ģ
һʡġ
ͬʱϼҼɱģֻ˵ȫġ
ǰΪϵģҪĵطҲԸṩٳûʲôãԼԼıȥõԼҪһУôһԼûõ˵ԼαҪأ
Ե˵Ĳ̾ǶԼʴȣһֵ֮˽ͬ飬ǡ
Ǳ˴˽˴˵йвʷĵˡ
ĴڻǳֵĺãҪס
ͬģ˵ϼҼҲĴڡ
ǰϼҼṩҩĺͻ˵ѪȥƹƳ棬һ˵ֹ˵Ļô桭ҪƤ˿ɲأ
ھʱΪܻȥʲô¶ĳ
繷ǽҧԼɿڡ
ϼҼĿ˳ҲûģѸٻصϼҵĵؽ磬˵ʲôҲҪһҵǾҲȼ磡
ţϼҼѸٵĻصԼĵطٿ˻飬еϼеĵӴǲȥĵҪҵǸ͵ϮĴ̿͡
֪ĻΪϼҼΪڵİȫƽŻϽ
ʵֻϼҼΪԼ˽İˡ
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ΪҼĳ޶öҵĵ쳣
ұҵĴСϮҲǸġ
ҡΪϼҼҪڸԼҰģҲǷĽš
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Ͼ˼˶ϽҪǱȴĻ˵ϲýߡ˼ҶŽţôͬŵˣҪôĻ㽫ҪѰ˰ĻҲԹ۵ġ
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ڵȻûƴǵĳ谮ϼҼڱ֧֣ȴİæģĵˣ
ð
˲ƴǻϼҼҪСȥֺˣ˻˵᲻Լæأ
ǲһ
ǲڣֱܵĽ͵ǰͷһܵ˱ĸо
ʵĽá
ཀྵӲĲӣǴϴһ¾ֱӳš
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δʰأһ󼱴ٵŵ
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顪
㼱ٵǴһ
ĪϤ仹δվŵˣѾ֪˭ˣ
һΡ
˳ԼǰҲļ١
ѵˣ
Լˣ
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Ҳ֪Ϊ˵龿Ǹ˻ǲˡϵı仯ĻӦǸ˵İɣ
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ֻ˵ʱŻж·˵ĺһȴű˵ůͿ
Ҳֻʱ򡭡лܺúõĺദûʲôʲôʲô˵ôһԣĿ硣
쳣Ҹһ
ˡȻϣǰȥŵʱӭȴԼ磬ǡ
ϤġֺԼ
һ˺ܴ
ϵЦݾôֱӽӲϣ˲ʲô
ﲻӭ㣡
ĿڣվڷȴǴֺõЦݣζԼûһϵʱǴ˼Ĳ뿪
ѾͶˡ
˵ʲôҪߣŻѰҶԸĻᡣ
Űɡ
һԼǰװһʳ˼̻ŮǱأ
ϻǸ֪ܵŮˣֻȥ
׶ıһϵЦȴԽ䣺ġ
õ𣿡
㿴Ҹʲôöˣ
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첻ֻǶķ޶ãҲǶǰԼйƳʧһ㣬Դͺ֮ǰ֮˼֮ס
ոսԼĸǻ
üĽ֪澿ʲôġ
Ҫǿ΢΢ЩӲԼʱһı䣬װģĳ̶Ҫţ񡭡
֮ǰ֮ôзκεִҲûк¹ơ
ңǶŨķһ㡣
Ҫʲô飿
ת²ʲô㣬˷ʱ䡣
Уֻˡ
һõġ
һûõġ
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Ƕûõˣã˵һ仰˷ʱ䡣
ο
첻Ҫʲô¶ΪҪԼõҩİɣ
Ƕ˵˵ȴûаĺôġ

1332 ˭ģ

1332 ˭ģ
⡣
ҶĶȤŶ뿪ҵ֮ں𣿡ޱĿ죺죬ôҲǸˣôûȣôЩƽ׵Ľ񡣡
찡
ôܻûûƤˣ
ǽ˿ž;ò
ϹЦⲻģϣԹԵĽ˷䣬ǽԼŵЩ͵ǰһһڿ㿴ЩᣬһЩҩ
ҪǻȱʲôĻֱӸңȥ㶼͹
Ժ浽ûڵģǲеġ
ѾˣԺұͬסԺҲǺ徻û˻㣬ұֱӰҪʲôҪʱ򣬺ҲܸһЩ
ŶˣסͲ㵣ˣҳȥúĺͶǰʰһ᷿Ѿ׼ˡ
𾪵վԭأ
ʲô
ǲˣ
ǲþˣ
촦͸©Ź졣
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Ҳ㣬Ǿɺޣ
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α컵˺£ͺ޲Խɱˡ
˵ʲôǲҩġ
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ҲãҵĴ
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ҪǻңǰôңͻȻҵǰ˵ˣҲǲŵģرڵ飬ĻɣҲ¡
콫еĶźãǰץ֣һպʱ㣬ҵжúõ֤
Ҫ֮ǰ֪ⱲӶк֮󣬵һʱܹô˵ǻжĿˣҲľ˵ЩҴӴ˶ء
ϧǡ
첢ûеһʱԼףڱ¹֮ľƳĥ֮󣬲ŶԼ˵һ
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ˮƮԴѪƷ֮ûһʱ䣬Ѿ׵ıѪƳԿգֻʣһͷһƤ¸ˮʱΪˮһʲô쳣ҪǺڵϵĻ־㤵ĳ̶һŵƨġ
ʬôĿĵˮƮ֮ǰ˵ѪƣҲǽָ°ȵſĿڴ
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Ѿˡ
ʱǿԳ䵱ʳȻվǻгԹʱҪҪȥôҪѰһľӡû죬ƳҲҪˡ
ԡ
ƳȻǲ˵ģһ˫ȴ㡣
ԡ
ܻܲȥϣʱ壬ԼȨȥԼȡĿռ䡣
Ͼ
˭ܻĺúõǰɣ
οŵһֻѪƣһֱȵĶѪͺ˲ˡܣЩʱ˻Ҫϻۻ
ѪſĿڴ丵ˮȴͻȻһ˲䣬Ծһʯͷ֮ϣ̶Ű˹ȥʧ˿ݻƵҰݵС
ӰǾôģƮȥ
ŵĵӱǲĴѰټԶŵĶҪΪ
Ŷ㱻õ׳졣
ҵĳĿŶѰ֮£ӦûǸ˲ĵطˣǻҪȥ𣿡
СĻ˵ʱǸ뿪ʱҲ֮˵ģһ˵ˣҪôӦӦϵİæߣ߰æڻټ
ҪȻѾ뿪ţǲŻô£ʼҲ˵ټ
ǲһ֣ʺټȥˡ
ҪڻĻǾӦòһھ˭ٿɣӴʲôýӴˣҪ뿪ţôӦýĿŵ档
ôäĿĳѰңȴֻļûаʵԵá
ҳϿ˵⣬ʵҲ
ֻǡ
̫˰
ÿΡ
ֻǲôһ㣬˾ġ
ÿζۼžǿԼĸױˣƵ֮زز
ͺƺõĺԼԣԼһ
üĽĿԼѰ˺ü죬Ҳͬ˪Ķҵǣվǲŵ̾һ
ðɣǱȲˡ
˺üˣȻȥϢɣһСˣҵȥ
ԣҵĳϺ͵ĵͷǣ
ǿЪһˡ
ȴãȻĴһСֵӣɽȥ
Ҳ֪ôˣܾĪĲȡ
Ƶһûҵһûа취Ȫ֮µĶҼ˽ߡһûҵʹǶһΣա
Ȼ޴ֵĸоҲʵöãȻ
ӵĵ뿪֮󣬶ûͣסŲǰţ˵ɽʲô쳣ء
ȥɽ濴ջҲжǸ˵
üĽš֣أȻһڸոճٲ֮һҵӾȵˡ
㿴

1333 Ҫ͸

1333 Ҫ͸
ҵۼ⣬մٲг֮ɽɨһߣٲ֮ԼԼһĨӰ
첽ǰվھʯ֮ϣӸµĳɽµȪˮȥ
Ȼ
ûп
õԭһӰĺڵ㣬վø֮šǻѵһ˵
Ǹʲôˣ
ô޶˵Ʈˮϣ
˻ǻŵģ
ô˳أ
һ˲䣬⼸Ϯ˸ŶĴѰ˵ĵǵͷ
ҲǶҵӵľȵ֮˲ǶҵӵĽŲ첽ĵ˴ʯͷ棬ͬǶȾӸµĿŽµ为ڵĿҲ֮𺳡
ˣ
Ǽȥô£
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ܵĻ֮ɨһȦȷȥλûΣ֮󣬱Ƕɿ죬ڶĶҵЩǣҲͬĽŲɿĸŶһ
һԭȻڰϵġ
ûñĵ˺ʯͷ棬źõĹӽƯȪˮеʬֱֱĳ˳˰
ԭǴҵƵ֮Ƶ˸õġ
û뵽ȴŵĳ˴ʬõˡ
졢졢죡
쿴ʲô˺Ѿˣҿ˺ܶӡ
ǿʶ𣿡
ŵ𣿡
Ǿʬ֮󣬶ҵĵǱȺ󿪿۷׷ף۵ʱܻ˵ѯ߿ĵӣƺҪǵĻش𣬵ǺܿϧĶҵǷ׷״ǰһ£Ӧһġ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ʶûмˣҲǵˣܲŵ˰ɡ
ʬ屻ȪˮãѾıԭòײ˵֮ǰϵĹƳҲǱˮɢ֪գߡҽζʾ˵ġ
ģ˺١
ûʶԭòοݵĸ׵ӡ
ЩŶһĵѯһȦȷûʶ֮󣬶Ҳûж˵ʲô
ϾȪˮҲǴΪԴͷġ
Ҳط˳ˮƯġ
ûʬ磬ҲϮǸ˵ⷽȥ롣
Ϊ˵ĺǸֻǱ˵ˣȴǻģܻݣ׵ȪˮУûпܵġ
ü
ˣ˭ǲڵˣȻǱǸˣΪǾȽ̧ȥȻ˰ɣ
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ҪǱҼ̼ˣںͲӦĽŮɡ
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ŵ̾һ̧ȥ
ǣ
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еעλȥʱһССӰȴǻڵϵĿݲжǳ˲ע֮¡
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ܰȵĸԼ˸λá
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ԭƳ滹ΪϾɶǻĽҰģӰûУҪҵ±ȵ컹ѡ
ҪԼȥŵĻ
ܻѶȺܴ
ϾڵĵطٲˮǺӿģһὫԼȪˮУʱùĹƳһ
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Ҳʵľһֱȥҵõģ
Ѫƾĵ֮ϣǰĶȴǶ˲еͷ롭ǰһѡأ
ϼҼõԼĴ𰸣ŵ뿪ֻԺӡ
ǴϵֻȴǻҲûټװԼƳĥˣƴϵأȻֻϼҼĴ׼ˡ
ȴû뵽ϼҼȻֱ׵˵ԼҪȨĻ涼˼ˡ
ҪвƴǺֻ
ƴǣô죿
ϼҼ̬ʵǽƴǺֻ׽Ȼ֪ϼҼǶ¹ƵģϼҼǸ¹Ƶʶȴǲܷ񶨵ʵ
ֻƴҲûа취ȷϼҼûнҩ
ҪϼҼǸɵֻǴ˵͵˹Ƴ棬һֱĸƵĸֻ˵ãµľϼҼ͵ƳʱҲ˳ƳĽҩ͵˳ģ
ֻϵĹƳǽ⿪ˣƴϻŹأ
ƴϵĹƳҪֻϵĹƳصĶˡ
һǰŵҪĿľΪ˽⿪ƴϵĹƳģ֮һĿܣֻҲԸȥƴǳһģ˭Ҳұ֤һġ
ֻ֮һĿܣҲҪһԲ֪׿ɲУ
˽ֻҪȥԵģǡ
ϼҼҪʵ̫ˡ
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ʨӴ󿪿ڣֻҪԵģϧȴһʱ֮û⣬֪ôźãŽ̽ƴǵϣȴƴǵľ
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ƴšüģųɽһĿ䣺ȻҪǱԳȫ
ңôţ綼ǻ
ƴǵܵͣ˵ʱȴǱ˺£̺޾ɱ⡭
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ֻ΢΢ЩĿƴǣ󣬺ܿı˹ƴǵĻ˼
ƴҪϾɱˣ
Ҳǡ
ϼҼƱǸֵģܴӸԴϽϼҼֻƴ˾ͱŰ˵ʲôʱϼҼ䲻ĸֻƴͱһ
綼Ǹ
Ȼ
֮ǰƴȴһֱûҵȥֱӽϼҼʰ˵ġ
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ҪȨƣǻλҲ˭׾ܳԵȥģҪλҪûǸˡ
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ƴĵĿֻֻ޽ϸͷ
ûϵ
Ҫ¡
ôеҪһʥּұˣ

1334 ԭ

1334 ԭ
Ҫ֮ǰƴǺֻϷΪҪ̽ϼҼ̽һϼҼеûнҩģǴڵһƴǺֻϣΪҪϼҼжˣ
ƴǵĻĪħһ㣬ԭֻ滹΢΢ЩǵģϾ̫ðգһ㲻λˣҲǻᱻϼҼȥġ
ϾϼҼɲǸʡ͵ĵƣ˵ĺˡ
ôĿȨƣҪǸϻϵıǻֻƴ˸Ͼɱˣ
ܽƸƽķųȥһžۣ
ǶΣ
ֻƴҲǺϼҼ˲ٵĽˡ
ҲǶϼҼЩ˽ˣ֪ϼҼĴ㡣
һ׷;ףƱǴһʼ
ҪôϼҼʧܱƴǺֻ˸ɹɱˣҪôֻƴȻ׸ĳ
ʵϼҼѡưһѡưӲţǱϾƴư̫ÿƵġϼҼƴµǼǳ˻ʵۣϼҼһĴˣ
ã
ĪģֻҲǸƴֻ֣ĴӴĽƴǵסһƴǵĻУһһֱһֱߡ
ƴǣ𣿡
Ҳκε뿪ңҸµǷ롣
Ҫûҵ֮£Լ˾뿪ңôһӣԭ㣡
Բᣡ
ֻĪ֣أܿƴǵ˼һ㡣
еǰƴǾΪԼʱ޶ˣԲŻҪݷֻ뿪ͷҼװԼ񿴲ݷİϷֶΡ
ƴΪպиֻչǶõĽ
ϧǡ
ֻ˵ξܺƴһ֪ƴʣʱ䲻ֻ࣬ҲǸ˵ġ

µľƴҪ뿪
ЩƴǵΪʵ϶ֻ˵ûбǶ˸ص˺
Ҫأ
ҪƴǸеǰһζԼôٲᣬֻҲǲԭƴˣ
Բᣡ
á
ƴǸܵ˻еĽľģǳŵһ֣صķֻֽڻС
ҴӦ㡣
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ʵҲͦõġ
ôһˣʲôʱԼߣǰ·ټѣǿŻԼˣƴǱĪǿһѵͷ
һܡ
ΪŵˣֻԼ
һֻ
һֻȴԼı
ţҲƴ˺ܴת䣬ŵֻҲԽ޲ֱӽֻൽԼĹһˣ롣
˵ġ
õƴĳŵֻĲǳ׵ķЩߵɿ˽ƴǵ֣ЩִٵĴӴ
ˣˣ˵ˣȥæԼɡ
Ҫȥһҵһ¾νϵĹƳ⡣
ҲǰֻҪ⡣
ǰԼһʯͷӣãȻĲ֪ôʲôط֣ںˡڣֻ治֪֣ܹи˿ԺԼúõģֻ˵Ҳѵÿɹģ
ƴǵ˵ͷЦЦãȥأעⰲȫò㣬ʲô飬Ȼ˵
ƴǵġ
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ŲڵĻƴҲܷġ
ף㲻̫ң
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סĵطòԶҪԶĻֻҲǲΣʱȥкģ
Ȼֻ̤ŵһ˲䣬ƴǵȴٿ
ǧƴ֣ص溰һһӰȻسƴǵԣӡ
ǧһϮ£ĿأĮ֣û𾴵Ĺƴǵǰ
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Ȼһ޾㽫λ
¼£ƴǱֲſ˵ϼҼһְ
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ǧƴǵķԸ֮󣬲ɵýӲԭأƴǵҲǸӺ𾪣ƴô꣬ѧƴǼֳȵġ
ƴǰǸϵģǴûж໰ʱ
ƴԸ֮ǧȴǵʱԭأǲѽǲ˻þ
ҪȻô˵ҪԼĻλء
ʵλӵҲûʲôϾӱǳ˳̫ӣǡ
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ǧһȻԼĶ⣬ǿƴǵǸֲ̫񰡣ΪʲôӻͻȻһֽλ뷨أ
Ŷѽ
Ҳ˵ƴĺӣȻƴǺ˫ӡ
˫ҲϾͬһˡ
ƴֻʺ󣬽ǵĻλҲҪֻĺ̳еģպֻƴ֮ȴþòһӣʱٽλҲüģΪʲôҪôأ
ôСͲܶʲôʵִۣƳúЩȺ࿹⡣
һҪϼҼ
ϼҼһֱŵģ˵Ƨûʲô棬һûԩˣǰιôһְأ
ߡ
ϼҼĺһְܣҲǴİ
Ȩ˼ֱǳȫµˣ
ƴǵֱּǶϷһƿСһʲôͷȥĻ
Ȼǧ֪Լɺɵ̬ǲԵģСܵѵǶϼķӣ˵ʲôΪҪȥȥģһǧǲȷģĿƴǣƺҪƴǵҵЩ֤Լˡ
ǰ˺ܾȴʧƴǵϲûκ˵ı飬쳣ļᶨ
ǧ˲ƴǴ򶨺עµģһʱҲʲôΪѵ
ǧѸٵջԼɵĿ⣬εعƴǵǰԲӣǧҪӣֻӵЩԸʱЩȲŻһʱʧ̬ġ
ƴǵûʲôɫȻĿǧ˰֣ûʲôȻѾˣǱ߰˵ķԸȥɣּ
Ȼ綼Ҫиôá

1335 뵱ʵ

1335 뵱ʵ

ʱҲҹζ࣬¶ˡ
ǧվסеɻ𾪣𾴵ƴǿ˿ͷ㶯Ѹٵĳȥ
ǧȻʲôû˵ĳȴûģףƴǼȻôˣôƱƴĴģƴǲǸ׵ˣҪ¶Ǿ˼ǿǺõġ
ֻҪƴǵ˼ﵽһεĻôô򵥵顣
Ҫ˶ܺƴ˼һ磬˶ʵˡ
ȻǴ˲ࡣ
һǴŲСĲġ
Ҫ𾪵ĲֻԼһڻʹڵة࣬Ǹп뾳λҲǻᱻƴŵġ
ڳĳϺܻܿΪƴǵһ仰ʶǧˡ
ǳЩҪƴǵˣһض̫ù

Ҳ֪ôˡ
ǲʲô鶼ôѡ
˵пǺܼ򵥵飬ǵƴǺֻһǧˡ
ȻǧȻ𾪵ģǿǧȥıӰƴǵһģԭҲǶλ⣬ҪԼĸʺĸ󱨳ƴԸԸⱻȨġ
ΪʵȻ޵Ȩƺҫ
ΪλҪĶҲܶࡣ
ǰ̫ӵʱ򣬲Ҫ֮еĹ
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Ϊ˱ĸѪ
ƴŲòеΪӸóеΡ
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ԼûϼҼΪѣƴҲҪλˡ
ĽȻǸŮˣϵĲȷʵԼӳںġ
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λҲУʱҲԲԼһԸˡ
ƴǵ棬ϣֻܺЯңڡ
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һȥ̽ĹеȤһЯֵͷǻں󹬵Ĺغͼ֮Уǻ˽ʧ˱Եġ
ƴǸǾһܹƽ顣
Ľ˫ӣΪĵĹ涨֮£ĽСˣĽǴС㱻ĸʺĸ͵˹⣬ûںкһ
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ĸʺĸƴҲԼϣҪԼ˫ĸʺĸ󱨳ΪСڹûбͳȥҪġ
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ʮʱú֮ǰʱƽˣ˭˵һܹƽ顣
ֻŲҴҺƴǸ֮һ·˳֮ǰ˵ķԺ档
ʱüͷԺʰԸҩĺͲҩ
һҽ飬ƽﲻҽǺЩҩ顣
ֻڼԺæµӰʱ򣬲ɵþмС
ͺǿԼĸһʱֻҪԼ׻ڵĻһ
Ҫ׺һ۰ԼĻԼⱲӾ͹ûֵõġ
ʵĸ׺ĸ׵İ˵ֻһֱſġ
еǰǴԽĽִֻֻʱıʧȥĸ׵ġ
Ҳ֪ںЦôⱲǲĸġ
˺ü˼ӣȴʼոܲĸ׵۰
ִʱĸ׺Сʱˣڸ׵ߣȻȫİǸϾĸǲͬġ
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Ҳĺǰĸ׵ԣܵʲôίԾܵͬĸ˵ĸ׻İοҪûϵĵ˵ίҰæһĺ취
Ҽ֮ΪةŮֻҲͬСĸ׷ģĸǸգҲδ֪ġ
ĸֻһֱһź
ĺ֪Լĸںδ
Ҳĺһαĸıڻкǻʱʲôĸо
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ټֻ֮ʶؽﵱԼĸһ㡣
ֻǲɵЦݣǿ첽ĳڵķȥͬк
ֻԽ⿪ʱֻһڻ֮䣬ûüƴǵεģǿ徿ʹöʲôЧ
ֻڼʱ򣬸еǰͬк
ͬģ￴ֻʱҲԵشŴȰЦݣˡ
ֻܼƽƽĳԼǰҲǸðĵġ
Ͼ˵ֻҲΨһˣԼ˫ŮҪŮõĻӦκͺͽأ
µʱ⣬ﶼѵġ
ôŸոպñµشˣ
ʲô˹ҵǰͬ˵һұȥˣԼ䵽ôã⼸죬ҲǸ
Ҫˡ
Ҳʱñˡ
ֻǲΪȻЦЦûϵڴţʱҲǻú۵ģϵĲȫκˣԼµعˡ
´ֻɫֻɫѾȬģŲɵ÷΢ЦŵĿֻãȻѾˣôˣʲôﵽ˵ɣ
˵Ĺæµ飬ֻȥ˵
Ͼ˵ĵطһϼҼˣҪ¶ˡ
ԣֻҲͬģ˵ͷȻظﵽ
⻹ֻһԺ
ǰȫĵԼԺ棬˵ҲЩģĻкܶǷȱ
ֻ̧۴ⷿĴİ裬ԺͷİһޣӵţܿóǳȵԸ񣬺һǵ͵ϲͱġ

1336 ҵ˾

1336 ҵ˾
ֻĴʱѾ棬һЦӯӯĿֻ
лһմɵĲڻδֻʱ򣬱ѾֻעֻɵĿһϲĿ
ϾŶûչֳĲŻ
һһεĸֻϲǳ뻯ҽýƣھȻˮҲݵã㣬ֻϲȲˣ̲סʿˮҪһء
ĴڣǱΪһŮҲΪ
ǱƫһżĵطĻҪǳ
һǻᱻЩҴү׷İɣҲ˵ίֻǳΪһѣΪϼҼίԼġ
ֻ治ɵϧȷʵֱӵ¶Լƽ޹ʵϧǻĪĵġ
ֻе˼ѹȥϲǰȥӭݹĲˮֻװεļ򵥵մɲ豭Ĳˮ峺滹ƮƬ̵ĲҶ崼ĲȷʵǺ嵭ֻеľϲȲǲˮСڵشһڣһڡһڡһڡ
һС豭ĲˮѸٵı
һɲ˲ϯ⣬þδɢֻ޵Ļζ
ҲҸĸо
ۣû뵽㻹õգõĲˮ֮ǰôöȵأʲôҶѽ
ֻ´½һĹ۲ĲҶʲôĲҶƷ֣
ζȴȴ쳣㣬ȥ֮ҲǾ泩
Ϊʮһ͵ˣ˹Ŵֻ֮ôܵĵطһ磬ڿƼչʱûֻЩ豸ͺҪ˵һںڶ㡭
ڶ
룬Ҫȵһƿӱĵˮݱ裬ɲݣâСӡ⡭ǽǶôˬѽ
ϧŴ֮Ī˵Ǽ˱ˣˮҲֻȥζˡ
Ȼܶ˶˵ЩϺżĺģӰ壬ӰģܲȾͲȣ˭Ӳ㶨ۣ
˱ˮǷլˮҲúܶ˰֣޷԰Ρ
ֻЩʵķ˿˹Ŵ֮ˮζЩˮżһȻÿԣҪֻȵĻֻֻúûζЩˮԸһЩˮ
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պһʱ䣬ֻǲȥǸ׿ˡ
ֻ΢΢ЦݣҲĵĻشֻ⣺ⲢʲôƷֲֻ֣֮ģúζǶ˯żĺôһֱںˡ
ûʲô֣ұԼȡ˸ֽ延
延延ֻڿҶ֣ȴɵ¶ЦݣԼǸѽҲǸò衣
ﱻãŴЦӯӯĿֻԴϼҼڻԺһֱģϼҼٹģҲ֪ϲôš
ѵõֻСԺĪĶ˼ֵĻ֡
ˣˣ֪𣬲Ǻҿĵġ
˵ɣǲҪѯһƴϵ
Ҳûкֻˮô£ǽתƵƴǵϣ֮ǰƴǼʱѾƴǵУܽȫʵֻ
ƴϵĹƳŵġ
ֻţǲôķȥ²֪϶ǺƴǵѲ˸ϵġ
Ȼﻰֻ֮صĵͷȷǵģΪƴϹƳģʵ档
ƴ֮ǰοԼĻֻǲŵġ
ΪǴ̫ĸ˸飬ƴԼĸ飬ҲǴġ
ֻԼˣֻҲܷϸʸ
ʵﲻȷĻشĻֻҲܸоĵƴϵĹƳ沢ô򵥾ܽ⿪ģҪǼ򵥵ĻڸԼ⿪Ƴʱ˳ҲƴǸˣͲ÷Ѿĵȵڣٳٵδжˡ
Ҫ֪һҽ߳Ĵ򣬾ͺһĻңڿһõƷʱǻȲĵǰȥĦģΪһҽ߳ĴҲͬĵǻڿܵʹĥʱȲҪϽǲ˵Ĳκãò벡ʹĥ
ֻףϵĹƳ֮ܽôףΪйʱ̫ˣֻǶ̶Ĺ򣬹ƳһûʲôӰ죬ƴǾͲһˣйѾʱ䡣
ʱ䡣
һСʯӣСĸ뵽ʱ仹޳Ļ᳹׵Ϊһֺ֣οһĹƳأ
ĹƳƴǵڡƴǵɵӰֻͲȥ롣
ֻĵ˵޷ƴڵĹƳ泹׽⿪ôһ仰޷ƴǻҪһ
ۼֻϵĵǣһƴǵ

ԼҪ˵ĻĿ֣صĿֻƴڵĹƳȷǿܻЩֵġ
ֻĿضϣĸ仰ɵÿһȾ֪ĽЩֻǿֻԼĲ²⡣
Ȼǲ²⣬ǱģǱƴϵĹƳ⿪һһ˿ϣġ
ֻ׿˵ԼΨһһϣҲǳˡ
ֻܲѹأ
￴ֻʧ䣬ּ˵Ҳǲܽ⿪ֻһƴǽ⿪Ƴʱ򣬱Ҫ֪һ㡣
ʲôĻֻֻԼͷһǽŵʶסֻҪƴǽ⿪ĹƳ棬ֻȥʲôԡ
ֻҪ
ôֻһڣǺԥȥ
ֻȵ֮£ﻺ˵ǾƴϵĹƣֱµˣǺͨһ˹ȵƴǵϵģ
˵仰ʱϵıҲأҲ΢΢Щ𺳵ģҲоƳо˺ܶ껹ǵһμ
ǰֱֻ֪ӵĽƳ˵ϣƴǰ֮㳤˼ʶȻͨ˽ƳתƵ˵ϣ
֮治а
ҪѧˣôܺǸƵ˿أ
Ͼ˭Ҳû취֤᲻֮󻹻Ĳ
˵ֻֻ֮һ˲΢΢ЩܿķӦ
Ϊʲôƴǵ֪Ϊʲôѽ֪

1337 ݷأ

1337 ݷأ
ƴΪݷѪŻݷһйƵġ
ڲ֪˵һܼѵ飬ϾҪƴǵȥ鵽ںɹĹƳĻһѵ顣
ԣӦ˵Ǽǲܴﵽ顣
ô󣬹Ƴֲµģ˭֪׻ǸʲôҪҵԴͷǴ롣
ܼŷ֪ôѰңǽͨĹŴҲġ
Ƕֻ˵ȴоѾ֪ѽ
ֻҲû룬ֱӽԼ֪˵飬֪ǸԴͷ˭
ʲô

ҲǲֻķӦô֪Ǵ˭ҲɹĹƳأ
һǳȣֻ˵ʱҲǲɵñֻĻ𾪵ˡ
Ȼ֪
ѵֻ֪ôеĹƣ
֪˭ֻ¹Ƶ
Ƭ֮䣬ϵ˽ڵĹƳңѵ֮ǰƴҲڣ
ƳĻңҲƴǵϣ
ƴϹƳļӦǴʱˣʱ䣬ﲢûмƴǣҪǼˣһǻӡģϾƴˣһҪ׵ˡ
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ȻһֱǴڵģǶڵĺܶ飬ȴãȻ֪ģҲûȥôࡣ
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϶ǲ˵ģô˵ˣҲǲŵģԼǾûƵġ
Ƭֱֻ̣ӿ˵Ϊ֮ǰ没εʱ򣬷˺ƴһĲˣǸʶģҲ֪ƴϵĹƳԴ˭ϣ
ôǲ˵ֻҪҽǸֱйƵҵ֮󣬽ǸйϵĹƳ⿪ֱӽ⿪ƴڵĹˣֻܿĻ⣬ٺô֪һԴ˭תڽ´صйƵ档
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ҵǸԴйƵˣһ£˵кܴļϵĹƳ涼⿪Ųģҽźܴá
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Ļֻ֮ϵϲԿƣЩҽŵùģҪҲĿ϶ĻشԼĻôղʮɣҲǸ߰˳ˡ
ƴֻܳ꣬ϣ޵ʱ棬ƴǶȡһЩʱѡ
ƴǶһ죬ֻҲǸ˵ġ
һԶܶأ
ڣֻǿԶһ죬ֻбԽļˣ
ݼ㽥ĻΪΪѡ
ˡ
ҪһĻֻûаֵԥͺ֮ǣֱӱԽݷԣϾǸʱСĺѽ
Լ˵ʲôʲôС㶼ǻȥԼ˵ĻȥΪʲôȥʰ䡣
ڣڡСѾָ˼䣬˴ǰԼЩ飬ǲ֪ˡ
СѾʧ˺ܾˣ
ֻΪԼصţҪϼҼ˺ԼЩ˱
ֻԲݷ㲻ϧһдۺϼҼһѪģĳˡ
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СûлֲֻǰһӱֻѣֻҲ֪С㾿ȥģҪҲСĻûа취СҪǲСҲûл⿪СƴڵĹƳ棬һ֣һ
޷ױ⿪֡
ôˣ￴˻ϵľᣬǸոϣֽʧеɻ󣺡ô°Ϊʲôһһʧأ
ǸֱйƵȻʶĻΪʲôȫΪأѵ㲻֪ȥģﵣǵ֮£ֻص˵ͷ
֮ǰǺĶģΪҵܺһ˺ָܶ꣬˼֮ʲôҲû˵뿪ˣҲҲġ
ֻԥƬ̣ĿƵĿǸֱйƵˣҲʶ
ǡǡۡ
ʲôȻۣ
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֮ǰҲǶ˵ݷЩ˵Ҳ˵ΪСѾܴĳ̶Ǳͬ˾ʱԼƲסҲ䣬ɱ˲ڵĵӣ˱Ÿļ¾׷ɱ
ֻȻ˵۵˹ƣ
ϻֻۣҪϵЩϢ֮ǰж˲ףʵ˾ˣСǸȺ𳤴ģȺЩϰԣǱϾǸ˰ôܱͨأ
֮ԻȫΪ˹ƣЩƳڴ̼۵񾭣ŵЩʱۻᷢܶʱ򣬷˵ۣԼ֪Լʲô顣
ֻΪСľ¶Щ˽ĲǺ֪ܶ࣬Լ仯ô£˵˾֪Լ˹ƣҲ֪Լ˲ŻᱻƳǣ
ŻһֱŵЩ⣬һֱżֱϼҼļʹɱ֣ˣԭҲܺߣ˱֡
˭ộ֮ǰۻǸѽ
СйľѾˣҪǻĻôĶأ
Ҳ벻׵ǣΪʲôҪ֡
һӼѾûκݱˣΪʲôҪã
ϾʲôǸ¹ƵصĲŻ´ζأʵһܹؼĵ㡣
ƴ֣ҪȨǶأ
˵Ϊ书츳ߡ
ȱģԶ֡
һˣϾͻһվ˷ʱ۵츳ȷǺܸߣӦٮٮߣͬʱⱱҵǸҲǸ̳

1338 ʲôֵã

1338 ʲôֵã
۵书츳ǺܺãȴҲϼҼôѪ
˶ףϼҼǲ¹ƵģǶ˭֣ϼҼһѲ˸ϵģһжǵϼҼıһ˲ͻȻ˳ĬͻȻԼЩϼҼˣϼҼΪʲô˵ӡ
˵
ⱾʵĿ
ڴСʱ鶼Ǻ׺ģҶͬϣʹͬһˣȴϵõĺֵܽһ㡣
ʲôʱݴĸ龹Ȼ΢΢˱仯أ
ʲôʱʼϼҼİȫϣϼҼʹǰǸϼͬһˡ
²⣬ֻҲãȻҡҡͷҲ֪ΪʲôϼҼС֡
Һȷǣе鶼ϼҼڱĹһжı
û˵ݶϣֻǾԲĻָֻŵģϾڳ鲻ܹʳϾǳԼĴ㡣
ǼȻ˵ϣôֻҲòｫ˵ˣһΣͲ֪ûлˣϼҼǸˣˣǸƵŴֻһǻܵǴ⵽Ӧġ
ϼҼ
ͺⳡûκεĹϵ׵ĴŻ硭֮һ뿪طɣ㵱Լĸһƴ㣬ա
ҲԽŮʹҪùõ껪˷ªСԺҪõĶġ
ֻ˵ЩЩȴʵϼҼвԱУһΪԼЩ鸶ʹĴۣʱϼҼһҪָ֮ġ
ҪʲôԣҪҸ˼ˣǱټϲˣȻףˣѾ˸飬ֻҲǿȥԼϲ飬ڻʹѰһĽŪҩݣоҽֻҲᶯûȨæȥѰҸôδҽдʱ䡣
ֻߣﲻԸУùڶĻҲڳĵطѰһլӣȵţԺةุ顣
ʱһҲ໥иҲ÷Ҫû˵ĵطĹ¶ϡ
ֻС̽ŵǲֻⷬȰ˵ʱȴû̴Ӧֻ鷴ֱֻ۾ȲżƴϵĹƳȽҪպƴϵĹƳȥʱкúõ۰ɡ
ûֱӾֻܾĺ⣬ȴҲֻ۹еϣȴתɫӵĿ
Ȼû˵ǵһشѾ̶ֻС
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ϾڵϼѾȫûˣĸĸѾϹ˫㲻֪٣Ψһʣµıֻϸ꣬ŮӦǺϣܼžۣһǡ
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ˡ
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ֻ֪֮𾪡
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ֻǶû̫Ŀ󣬱ϾҲڹŴˣҲǳ׵˹Ŵﲢų⣬Ͼ󻷾֮£ҲкܶΪѵġ
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ҪǿԳΪýȢû˻ԸС
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ΪǸˣ綼⵽Ӧ⵽Ǵ綼ɥģһɥϲҲǲܺϾͰذͷϵġ
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˵ĻֻĹϼҼأЩԵ޹ʾͱϼҼأ
ЩǺ޹
ѪծҪѪϼҼɣܽе˶ɱ綼ǻɥȪġ
ϼҼĻô³ҲܺãҪôǸϼҼһҪôϼҼ¶ϣһֶֻ뿴ģҲﲻе³
һѽͻݣõĴ϶Ϊ
Ե޹ʵΪһϼҵĻʵ̫ϧˣֻΨһˣֻҲϣϼҼװ׵ĵһӡ
ʱǶõĽ
ֻͻȻ֣صĿڴҪ˵ĻƴǶֻ˵ȷҪƴϵĹƳֻ˵Ҳȷ˼һֱҪκõ⣬ͬģֻУҲһҪ
ĶʱֻϵĿڽסΪֻ֪ץסλȰ˵ĻպҪϼҼûǸˡ
֪ЩǲģȴҪ˵ǳϰɣôʱȥֻýԽԽʹֵ࣬ãĲֵá
ֵίȫİ
֪ı΢
ֻ֣أǲֻ֣ص֮ȴҲٶĿƵĿֻͬʱ˫ڵĿȴʪġ
ɵӡ
Щʣŵ̾˿ֻҡҡͷڻСʲôĸ飬㵽͵ʱͻףʵʱ鱾ǲƽģ˭Ҳ˵ֵûǲֵá
ǲĻôǶԷٺõ˶ǲֵԼģǰ˵ĻǱǶԷôӼ߰ߣԼΪʲôҲֵõġ

1339 ˾Ǳ΢

1339 ˾Ǳ΢
˵⼸仰ʱ۽˸ŵ⣬Ҳ⼸仰ֻҪ˵ЩȰ˵Ļ˻ȥ
ǰֺγ˵Щʲô˼أ
Ϊֵá
ǲֵá
˾Ǳ΢
Żȥʲôֵòֵãںں
ԼѾȷ֪ƴ
Ѿȷ֪пܺò¡
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Լһ˼뿪ŵִһˣֺοٹ˼ĹŴأ
ڹŴпܶ˵һܺõ飬ǿӵұǶŮ˵ǱľǸöȥһ鰡
ڹŴУǵ׼һ˱һ
ݸǲ׵ĸıġ
ֻһʲôĸо֪ԷеȱͲ㣬ԼİУԼǸǸʮˣʮҲһĵطģǸҲǼᡣ
ϼҼĮ֮ദſֵģȻĻҲ֪ϼҼЩȱʱ򣬻֮ǡ
ﲻֻҲ˱ڷţоĬģ˺
ûȵĿڣˣһѾˣûʲôֵϧϧ飬ҪĻƴǵ飬ƴҸһôǿҲǾø˵ġ
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С㡭
ֻƬ֮㳯˵һ취ĽСߣֻΪƴǣҲΪݷ㡣
ϾǹƳǳõ治ȥĻǻὥй˵Ĵ񾭣ǻΣй˵ƴҪ˵йʱ̫úǼֵĻôСԱƴʱҪã
ϾСйƿƴй֮ǰ
ֻúۣŶҵĵĴѰǸƵѾüˡ
ÿ춼ղһֱƻĻɫʱŻȥ
찾ȥöҲ֧ģ¸۵Ľˡ
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ǣ£ҵЩǱĵͷ
һ˽ʬ͵˶ҵ֮ҲԻص˸ԵԺ棬ϾҲǸŶˣôҲʵЩˡ
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ص˼صɫʡ
еĵӶصԼԺ׼ϢʱڶҵĵڣһССӰȴشгֱ֣˵棬Ĵ
һϸͨѪѪŬǰ䶯ţҲ֪ѰʲôֻڶҵĵͣƬ̣ҵԼҪҵĿһٵĳŶҵ֮ȥֱֱı˶Ժӡ
ʱʰԼҪ飬ڴ˯⣬֮ǰǺ۵ģϢʱ򣬷ûôˣͷҲ
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֣֣Ǹ絽ܶʲôطأ
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ţԽڴշתߡ
У˵ʲôҪĽ޷ҵһָֻ֮ŹƳ溦ˡ
ڴĿĵţֻҳһţڶһŵʱѪѾ뿪˶ҵĵΣ׼ȷõ˶ķУϧȴԼ˼鵱УûвԼķͻȻһ֮͡
֮Ͷܻ书ǿˣҲûôĵһӴԼ涼ĳ̶ȡ
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͡
һ£׼ݡ
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˫ڴץƺҪץܾԼĶϧ˫˫ڴҡãȴʲôûץĿϵʹԽԽǹƳͺһģس˶Ŀڡ
˲书ҧ˶ֱ࣬ĿڴԼ˸ľӵĵطһеĶƳٶȶľˣ˼ǲԼ۾
ǰһУƬ̵Ĺ͹ԵĶ㽥ָģֻ˫еĺѪ˿ȫǰ㶼ûµ˼
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¹࣬ɫ¹͸οյ񻨴ȣֱֱ棬彩ӲǱ˿һ㣬վԭز֪ãȻʲôطʲô顣
ֻǿŶĴǣȻһĨЦݣЦޱߵҹɫиĹ죬Ǹˡ
ĿڴƳŵİȣƺҲǸ
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ͨͨ
ԭһ̾ȻëȻܾöǴĵɢĹͲ
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һëȻͬʱĴǸǷЦƽ׵ޱߵĺҹ˾ÿֲĻš
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ã»صԼĴϣŻı˫ۣͺ񷽲ŵʹûзǹЦҲǴгֹһ㣬ɫȻ
ؿŵֻƳϵѪɫȴԽޡ
ȻһĶϢûбκ˷֣ûоκεˡ
ı֪ԼоȻסһֻƳ档
һֻѪơ
峿ЩĶҵǱǰȥʬ̧
ɢʱ֫ЩմԺҲȻȤųߣû뵽ճ㿴ŲҴҵĶҵǡ
ֻú֣Ȼǰ̲סڵȥѯʡ
ôһȴǽԼȵˣһȣڸ
̧ŵʲô

1340 ôܻ

1340 ôܻ
Ȼʧ裬òŵЩ˵һ˼̻һЩǿĲɵû񣬶Դ̬ҲǸź
ϴС㣬ǼĴѰ˵ʱżȻֵʬ壬Ǽƣǽʬȥˡ
˵Ѿ޸ƴǳΪϹǻǱȽϲƺΪС㣬ϲԭĳƺ
ҵʵʵ˵ģЩĶȴǾú𾪡
ĴѰƵˣ
ĴѰ
ʲôˣ
𣿻ƽˣ
һֱԼСԺˣҲûô߹ϢǱ
룬ƽʱҲͰˣôһȻ˵ص顭
粻һֱڱ
ĪҲǸǺܿģ㽫ԼЩǸѹȥˡ

ǹҡ
ҪŵץĻôܻûʲôأϢٱҲǻĵףģŶҵЩǵķӦûҵ硣
ҲǾöԵġ
书ǿʵЩӵĶҵҵġ
ոЩʧ˷ִˡ
ôʱĪĽ书ǿǶƵĽ
ɵĸоܿı㽫絣ǵ˼ѹȥ
Ŷ
˶ҵӵĻشЩס˿ڱǣòõĳĴߣû뵽ȴôؼʱʬ壬겻ǻ
ġ
ȥɵЦŵĿЩҵӡ
ˣûʲôˣǱȥæɣ㽫꣬ϢǳЦݸ飬Сѧˡ
ʲôûУΨһƱԼ͹άʣµһƶڵĻôΨһĸҲûеġ
ʲôܸһӡ;Բ˽
ǣлС£ǵǱˣ
ȻЩҵĵĻֻ֮Ǿúůģʵʱ˿̣ǵЩʼͬˣСǸõ˰ȴݿ
ֻΪУȴǱͻһǲҲҪ鰡˵Ҳ˺ܴĴۺˣ
ϼҴСôõˣҪ˭иȢؼҵĻͺˡ
Ȼͬһ˲䣬˲ȥ֮ЩҵĵӱȡԼ飬̧ʬȥ
űڵĵӶԼеģŵǻЩ̶ĹأЩĹضǰռġ
ʬǴģ˵ʲôһڼģϾŵˣҲǵˡ
ǰЩʬǶ̧ŵȥᣬֻһʱɽĹƳʵǶˣǲǰȥںˣЩƳѾıˣָֻ˰ȫҲԼȥɽʬ塣
Щҵĵǰߵʱ򣬲룬۽ǵȴͻȻƳ̧ŵǾʬϣ¶ֻɻ󣬵Ǻܿ㷴Ӧ˹Ǿ̧߱ߵʬ壬Ŀ𾪣ҲǸŲ΢΢һȣվס
ٿؿڽסЩǰĶҵǡ
ҵǿķӦֻú֣ʵվԭأɻС㣬ôˣ
ʲôķԸ𣿡
ʲôطԷ˱ȱȽǣŴֻҪúÿĹ￪ڵĻҲǻкܶԸЧ͵ģҲˣΪòڣЩҵĵҲͬڨʲôط԰æĻǵҲǾúҵġ
ͬߣ˶е֮ģϾôĿܰһѱһѣҴҶŵˡ
ǲȴ֪Щ룬ֻĿƵĿǾʬ壬Լ˶úǿֻţǵһȡ
£㲻ȥҵӵ񣬶彩Ӳĳʬ˹ȥ
ʬȪˮУüʱѾ帡ĿȫǣǱѪƸԵĸɾЩˮͣ˶ҵ֮һԺЩҲ˿ԭˡ
˿ûм磬Ŀȴʶģһһһһѣ˵ǿ̹ĵĴڡ
ڣҵ̧ŵǾʬϣȻŵѣǲţһֲͷǿнԼǸֲͷѹȥɫ԰׵ĳʬ˹ȥ
ȻֻǶ̶̼·ʱ䣬ȴһʬǧɽˮһʬ忿ʱĸǳȵף뵽ֿܡ
ǸֻǺ紩һѡ
ܶҵ̧ŵǸ˲ûûܷ֣ǻдһ
пܡܡ
ʵǲȥˣֻϣԼʶֻԼǴˡ
ףϵѣһеģ¸УǼˣﻹŽҵϣϣǸ˲磬ֻΪԼѷڱ˵ϡ
ϾʱƵͻȻǰǽӺڰ
Ҫ磬ѾΪһʬ壬»ȥĻᣬҲǸ»ȥ
лĻһҪúúúõĸл磬ˡ
û뵽ڣȻʬ壬
ôôܻԵ޹ʵأ
Ҳš
Ǽ㲻Ըʵǰǰ
ʬ˲䣬Ѿ˫ˮ˫Ǿģ
ǰʬ绹˭أ
˻ᴩѣϵİ̺ѧġ
˾磬ôأ
ǿĴڣŶˣ籾Ҳǲġ
۰Ͱ͵ĵţٴγԼǰʱȻˡ
ˡ
ͺںЦһ
ĺǰȥҡ壬ôôأ
ôڸոոԼϣ֮ȴĶɱϣôأ
ŵҲӦѽ
С㣬С㣬ôѽ
ʶ𣿡
ЩҵĵӻǲĿķӦȻŬţϵıϢȷʵܱӦġ
ҵӼ״ֻǾúܸˣҪʶ˵ĻҲ֮Ĺֶ֪ʲô
С㣬ʶ˵Ļһɣһ˺úõȥȻٸҸļѾ˵ϢҲڵ˻Ȫ֮лһ

1341 ̫

1341  ̫
С㡪
ҵӱǺĺ⣬ǲͺĺһ㣬ֻĿĶϣֱڶҵ𾪵£ɿĳԼԺ˹ȥ
ûȥش𶫼ҵǵЩ⡣
ʱ˿̣֪ЩҵĵڼԼķӦʱ𾪺֣ҲܲôˣڸûȥӦ
Ĺ¶Ĵ˵̫
ʱڸûа취Լ̬Ҫһ˺úþúõ˼һδӾ߲
ԭʱ磬Ҳϣ
ԼȻȴʵжϵĶǹģůΪպպ󲻹ʲô붼ͰæģҲǸܴ
Ͼ书Ǹ߳˼ɵû뵽δ˶ãϢԺԼʣ˹һˣ
һŮֲ书ҪЩԼĳ࿹أϾǵʵ书ǰĸ߳仹ֻǸСˣǶҽġ
ҵġ
Ҳ֪ԼΪеģΪԼԺԼûʲôеˣ֮ڵ·˶˹ȵס
顣
ʱ򣬷ٶ˼ٵŵȴû˼ȥˣǵӰûо֮£㻺ĿžԵĽš
ôˣ
ոʰöԭҲǴǰûʲôҪģǲδʽ˵ģƼɫŵĳ˹֪ĻΪʲôصأ
Ź뿴ΪʲôŻ˳ٰοοſڴϴ޵һʱ֮ǲ졣
СʶˣӡУйʱйߵʱйĺʱ򣬿ȴûйѹһ˲澹ȻͻȻһִǿֺŮˣȻҲǶģҲǶÿ޵ġ
⵽úǲ죬ʲô龹ȻˣϾµǱźƴʱ򣬶ûȻ첽ǰĴߣʲô飿ޣʲô˵ܲܰ㡣
Щ٣֪κһŮӣ֪ôȥ޵ĵŮӡ
쿴ıҲǲ֪룺ޣˣʲô飿Ұﲻ㣬ҲԺ˵һ˵һ˱úġ
ʾ֭ȴҲֻ˵ô䰲ο˵ĻǴϵȴǳУ죬ҪѰʱһڽϳȥȴǱ˵˵ˣ˵
㣬ſڴԽԽ࣬ҲãȻվԭصĿʵĵĽˣûǰȥţ˲ֻʣ
Ȼֻάֵһ
ȻԼĴӴҲվԼߵҲ֪ʲô㣬һ˿Ŷľ
ôңҡôˣ
Ϊʲô飬ĵ𣿡
񿴵췢𣬸쿪ʼˣǵԼʲôǵ
췢ģ
ǰܶãӽҲǲģǡĲ⻹ûӴüʵʩأ
ôᱻأ
ĻֻЦΪ㣿㻹䣡
ֻ죬Լ˵ģԺҪסʲô㶼ԥȥ𣿡˪ĵĿ졣
ãȻĵ˵ͷ֮£ǿĿİͰ͵ĻشǣǡǰҪҰʲô飿
˵ֻҪܰﵽľһȥæġ
ĻţȴǿĿӲͷƤشȴһֲõԤУܾòʲô¶أ
áҲûһӦĻڣҾҪȥ
ֻҪܽ˵˺õĻұƳĽҩ
Ŀ䡣
õƳĽҩĿԼװɲģĿã˵ɣʲôһᾡȥ
ģһҪأȥģֻҪ˳ְһ飬˵ܼ򵥡
俪ڣȥҽѵľǸСˡ
ľǸС˾ȻҳϢʱ͵͵ȥϺϺѩԺ棬ǹȻԼıѣ
ҪҪһشǰԼĵλôȱҪĶһľСˣ
ľ޵ݱǱߵһСŮˡ
Ҫʰľ޵ȷǾ֮͵飬˵ûʲôѶȡ
Ļ켸ҲûıͷӦãֻǽѵһСѾͷѣ㽻ҰɣϾͰȥ
Ҫõҩô򵥵Ļô˵ľСѾͷһȭʮ
˵꣬߬ȭͷԺȥɲȴǾؽԼ۽ǵˮõĿĿ죺һȣҺһȥʰľСˣҪۿǸС˵űģ
޺޵Ŀڣõᣬĵĳϣ˵ʲôҲҪۼžʹ죬װ׵ȥѵˡ
΢΢Щǵͷãھȥ
˵գ˱һĳϺϺѩԺȥûκεԥ
ϼҼֻ˹ƳֱҪЮƴǣԶϺϺѩõûʲôҪģҲʶȤĴԼԺȴƴǺֻ뿪֮˺ܸƴǺֻһ뿪
ͬʱҲľ޵Ļ֮ҲѧϰŹеĹأ⵽ʱĻص˻ʹгΪΪ֪ض˳Цʱ򣬲ֻǶǵŵҲҪ֮ˡ
ԺͻȻӰϺϺѩǲм
Ȼ
ҲǹˣѾǱϼҼƴǸŮˣҪǻˣ¼ûƣҲԼûĶԼԺ³ۻǱΪˡ
ĵĲŸպãȲĳţǵԺ£ǾѿҪڶһЩ
ϺϺѩԺ˹йʾӵľȴǲɵô˸ŭǾÿ־塣
λȡ
ľʶĳϺϺѩͶȥȵ񣬸ͻȻ˵󣺡ҪץūˣλһҪȾūѽ

1342 ûϢ

1342  ûϢ
Ȼū澿Ҫˣ
ľ޵ĻϺϺѩֻúЦľûϢӣＥЦˣˣôûϢӣһʧ˳Ĺˣ޸֮ҵãǰҲʲô
İɡ
ȻѾΪ˵ū澣ô˱ȥ㣬ֻ鲻Ҫˣ°ɡ
õϺĻشľһվ˵󣬲ڿڵʱǸ߸ߵ̧ͷƵĸо֮
ϺϺѩľ޻󣬸ڣʵ
죬ʲôݻҪʱ̽ţ͵飬Ҫͣ㣬Ƕļ˶һ¡
Ϻ۾
ϺϺѩǷŮϼҷϼҷ˺ͷǶһˡ
ǵŮҲǳС
ڹ໥ӵ״ֺ̬οϺϺѩܵϼҼأۼžҪΪ˹ϼҷҲû˼𾴡
ϼҷˣϺϺѩҶǲеģŶҲںɶ׵죬Ǹӿˣ
ҪǴǰûкɶ׵ʱϺϺѩ쵹ҲǿϾԶԹ޳𣬱ʢ˵ģҲǲȥƢ
ѾɵδϺѩϺȻҲûбҪ
Ϊɵδ򣬾ȻСԼԺų棬ϺϺѩ˾öˣ
ǴȥִĻҲֻ춪˶ѣϺϺѩûа㺦¡
ϺŲǰǰĿ죬ǳ̬ԸǲԶɲȴĿƳϺѩϺˣĳ쿪ڣ齻ңȥԼͿˡ
쿴˵ͷ˲һֱԽϺϺѩ˵ڵƵŽ˵ľϵЦݶʱͿɱڵģ˲ֽű
ϡϡүҪʲô
ū澲ǵʲôط㰡롭үϢŭ
Ȼľ˵ʲôеֻ޾ı䡣
˫̧Ĺֱֱĳľ޵ճ˹ȥ
ž
һʱԺ𣬾һԺӵˡ
ϺϺѩã˭Ҳû뵽һĹȻǿƣʲôû˵ֱӾͳľ˹ȥ
ֻ𾪣˱㷴ӦǷŭҲŤ
׻˵򹷻Ҫء
ľٲãٱôҲϺѩϺߵˡ
ûûܵģֱӵǵľޣȻȵľ޵ϣȴʹϺϺѩûʲô˱ѧǰʢˣ˵ܵʱˡ

ɲǷ
ΪͽɣϼҷĵŮԼǰҫ
ϧվǴģɵϼٸ߹Σ
챾ȷʵݱѽ
˴ӷŮ˼֮󣬱Ҫɷݱݸߵ͵ġ
޸ɷݸߣôȻˮǴͺϺϺѩϼҵĵλ˲ˣȴǸûϢġ
Ȼ죬ֻǸƽĳϵĶӡ
ɺһֻǻήԼݶѣԣûκεĺô
ǰϺϺѩ㲻ɣЩڸẦ£ǾЩɱģϲô꣬˾֪飬ȴһֱġ
ǰ޸ƴǣ뿪š
ǰ˻ᣬֶϼҼӦ֮£Ȼɻû˶ãٶȻص֮С
ܶϼҼƴ˵ûʲôõġ
ѾǸķˣǿĵģ滹˵ЬǸأ
˵̫пѽѾɵδޣ˵۰Ͱ͵ŮͷȵǿɱŮˡ
Ůѡɷʱ۾ѡһˣǺͶ˸̥ûʲô
ҪϹûԵĻǾһӵıˣ
ĳףպҲǻ޾ʹࡣ
ԭϺϺѩʱ䶼רĵĺľѧϰŹеĹأһĶΪ빬׼ûлȥҵˣûʱȥɵǺˣȻĳԼǰ¶
ǹߵĲУ
ϺϺѩ໥һۣǴӶԷп˷ŭ˸Ҫֱ֣Ҫ룬ҪһӰ졣
ľ޵һ˲䣬Ҳǿ첽ĵϺϺѩǰ
ҪãһʶʱûʶȤһ㣬Զһ㣬򣬱㲻ֻ죬㣬ҲǶִģ
ûʲôݱûмڱ֧ţʧ˳֮󻹲Ǻһ
ֻ׸
ȻȴֱֱĵϺѩϺ˵ǰ˵ʣûаֵĺ£ϵ⳹׵Ľ˸סˣ
ʲô
ߵ·ظҵ·ˣ
ڿƷ⣬˭ֻ֪ջ᲻һҡ䣬ԴŲ̬һϣޱ飬˵ĻϺϺѩʵߡ
Ƿ
˭ûз
ʱ򣬻֪ϺϺѩʲôطأ
ǺˣûгӲأȻ͸Լ˵
ǰǸѾˣµʱˣȻڵȴ̥ǵı仯¡ǸȥѾˡ
ֻʣһˣ
ɲȥˣ
Բᣡ
㣡
Ȼǣ
Ϻɫʱޱģ
Ȼ˵պҲʧ裬ⲻǵڴǵ
ϺϺѩ޲úúõʰʰںðԼǾ͹ֲǲˣ
Ϻв
ȴûпһ㣬ֻЦŵĿϺּ˵Ŷԣпܣǵ³ҵĻңϾĴ
ľС˵ҵǰΰͽҵҲŸʧƣ۰Ͱ͵ĹǣǼǱתҲˣ
Ǿܱ֤빬֮һֱܳ裬Զûǵʱ򣿡
ˣͱˣϤˣ
ΪҪͶǶб˭ܱ֤ղΪ˱ǣ纮ѩ˵ĻȴϺѩϺϵķŭʧת˳ɺãȻ

1343 ׺ڻ

1343 ׺ڻ
ǰ
˵Ļȷûġ
ľ޽ܿʧôϺϺѩʧƵĻҲƱػԥˣתͶ
Ͼ
ѵ飬ֻҪ˵һΣһеڶΣΡ
ֹ
Ͼ
ɽ׸ıơ
˭飬һˣǶôľģҪĵԶĲģģǻѺܴǡ
û
ƾľ޵ĳϢģ
£ϺѩϺٶ໥ӣȴŷŭȴûǰȥֹˡ
Ļ˵ĺףϺϺѩҲɵӣԱľѾͷת
ȻǺڳĺվȽŸҲǰѧùأȴҲǷľ޲ɵģˡȷҲϧ
ţϺϺѩղĲˡ
һѾ׵ĺͷһľȴᣬĿϺϺ񣺡ȡ
ȡ

ľޱЩڳݲˣʣǱĴۿл䣬ľҪߣȻĶȴҪ죬ֱľ֮ǰֱһľ޵˫֮ϣľ޾ô׵ֱӹڵϡ
ƽϺϺѩˣǱ΢΢һĨЦݣһһĳľ޹ŵķȥǳǳĴЦݣģһɳһ㡣
ޣ
֪ŵϾȻҲаȵЦݡ
ôš
ϵȷĸоˣܴһʼһˣԺŻϧĸо
ľ޴ǱѪĻں޺Թϧһе仯ڴʱ챩ʱȴǰŨŨ˲书ѾЦŵĵľ޵ǰ
ʱֹסԼȭߡ
Ҳǻûĸľ޵ǰ̧֣סľ޵°ͣô
оΣ
ΪʧƣʰСˣ
ľҡҡͷء
ǹһĨȣ㣬ʧƣҲǹ㣬ǱĹŮˣҪʰ㣬ǧַ
ΪĴľҵĴۣ
£ݺݵĽľ޸ˤ˵ϣǻֵĿһԵ죺죬㶯ְɡ
˿
˱ʹһ˿ĸ飬˵Ļľǻɴ˫ۣŵĿҪǰȥȹڿ
ǲ룬ȴޱĿľޣûаԥ
ϸǾȻ
ǣ
쳯˵ͷ󣬱ֱӳľ˹ȥ
ǲ
ֻһУ˲Ťľ޵Ĳ
ľǶ˺ģֱֱĽӲڵϣʱ򣬻˫۵ɴǲš
û뵽
ԼȻôˡ
ǿʤô꣬ôֿ³
ϺϺѩҲʵĹŪסԭء
ľСڱˡ
ĵ˵ͷǿ쿪ڵ߰ɣˣ
˱ĳԺȥŵϺϺѩߵʱͣס˽Ųվ˵ߣôСҲ˵Ѿߣôʬ㽻ȥɣ
ˣ
Ƶ˵仰֮󣬱ȻĲӴ뿪ˡ
˵Ӱ뿪֮ϺϺѩŴ𾪵лعߣȻô
Ǿǣ
綼Ҫÿ
ϺϺѩƳѾûľޣҲǻ
ľС˸ɱˡ
žڶ˲١
ӽԺܵκ˵۸ˣԡ
ƳʼվһԵ죬õĽ׼õĽҩ͵ǰǸģֻҪԺ㰴ҵķԸµĻұԼĽƳĽҩ㡣
Ļ㲻ҵǰ˵ˣˣȥɣ
õ˽ҩǸˣǲľ޷ϻֱŽҩ뿪ˣãʲôҪĻֱӺңҶᾡȥɵģ
ȻҪģǰĽҩ˭Ҫ
պ󲻵ԼĽҩжԼĽҩ߰շԸȥܵõݽҩ
ǲպ󣬵һʱͲȥκˣ
ߣ
պ󳹵׵Լ˽ҩ֮󣬾Ϳһ𽫶С˸ʰˣ
ӱʮ겻
ǧƴǵŸ˳
Ȼĳƴǵ֮󣬿νǻȻ
Ĳͬ⡣
㽫λƸ裬ǵûʲôǸŵϼҼһλͬģó֮оһָֻţǶϷ
ةҲǺãȻ
û뵽ڶ۵ķȫˡ
ƴǱֻʺԻˣȻΪԼĻʺ˼ҪĽȨһƿСϣ
ֻͱ˴һ˾Ļʺ󣬳˻
еè塣
ǲȥ飬ƴǺֻҲף϶ǺϼҼܲ˹ϵϼҼڱˣ
ةãȻãȻ
ǱϾƴһִţȷƴǵ֮ٶɻȴҲǻᰴƴǵȥ
ƴôãϤƴǵƢԡ
ƴǴǸḡˡ
Ҫʲô飬ǾһԼĿģûк˵ةҲ뵽һҪĿĵģ
ȻƴǾԲ
ƴǺֻŵġ
ǺйأټϼҼ
ֵϢҲةƴǵӡ
㰴ƴǵȥּڹĳƸ裬Ѿ뾳˹ĳĽףҲšЩãȻ
ԴƴǺֻ֮ǰһȥ뾳˵ƴйƵ֮󣬳Ľ׾һֱоȥƹƳ棬йƳôƵģ
ڻ첻ˡ
ƴҵ˽İ취ֻǸ˵ƵĴŸƴǺֻ֪Ľ׸Ǵ뾳Ե˻ʹ֮УһΪ˿ƸڹôҲΪ˵ƴǺֻŻʱ򣬺ֻܺһŸȥҽƴϵĹƳ档
û뵽
粻ɡ
Ľ׸ոչӾҪΪʵˣ
ЩãȻ
տʼ˵ֻǴųƸ
ôžóƸ浽һλأ
Ҳ̫Ϸ绯˰ɣ
Ƹôܶôʵ۰
Ȼ
ĽɻȴҲ޴ȥѯʵģةĻ֮ЩƵҲӦƴǵ
ةൽģǲƴУӲĽֻƴ֮ٳһ顣

1344 ة֮

1344 ة֮
ƵƴѵʱֻһŶȹǧյģΪʵۣҲԼޱ֮Լͬʹķޡ
ƴǵУ޵ȫͻλһҪ
ǰΪ˻λ෬ֻŵֻأȨѾȶҲǹ̩񰲣ҲʱȥԼĻʺˡ
׻ة
ôһ㿪˵֮󣬱Ǽץס˳Ůӵ
ΪŮˣ˭ԼɷܶԼΪ䱦ѽҪԼһ·ɷԾһпͷԼʱȴԼɷ˭˭涼ѹĵġ
ةƴǺͻ֮ĸ飬˲һƬ㵹ûȥԹƴǵĲΣʼƴһˣ
һص飡
ٸߣǰԼӵģΪģûĸ˻ԸֿɵõȨƣûĸ˻ķУֻΪȥչһԼͬŮˡ
˶ǻԼ֮»ޡ
ƴĺ˾ǲӦԹӦùġ
һʱ֮䣬ЩɷǱ㿪ʼЩ̻̲ǵԼӰƴǺֻҪҪԼϾһӵ¼Ȩ¼ˣ԰ˡ
ôôôĽأ
±û˸ٿƴǻˡ
ةֶθĵطǣгԼѵʱѾ׼˵ǻ䣬ֱóƸǻλ
˷ӦعʱƸȻ˻ϣǻϷԣǴٲܽҲҪòˡ
ϼҼϢ֮Ҳúǿģǻϲص׼Ҫʰǰȥ
С
ƴǼɫĵϼҼǰڼĿϣƴûж˵ʲôü֮ǹµȴǲڸסġ
ϼҼƴѾҪ鶼ˣô֪ϼҼʱܶ㵱ĳŵأ
ƴֱָ⣬ûкϼҼѴ࣬ϼҼڿƴǹʱҲǴЦݣǵ汻ߴ٣Ҳûан
ǺǣϣҶǴˡ
ЩǲϷ˵ҲӦǺ׵ģ˵Ϸڻδ˳Ϊǳѵܱ֤˽ҩ֮󣬲ֽᷴϷһ
ϼҼ۾ƴǵĿȴЩ⡣
ǱʹıʧȥȨǴơ
˵˻ΪʲôҪϲˡ
Ҫûϲ˵ĻƴǱǸܳɫĵûʲôвݺ͵λġ
ƴǳţ侲ңһеص㣬ƴǵ϶ܺܺõ֣ͺġΪλ˵ͺǻλĴھǱƴ׼ŵһ
ûֻǣƴǣƴǽĳɿ϶ֹǳĻʵô򵥡
·־ñغϣϾñط֡
ĹľϾѾ̫õʱˣ綼ǻںսңƾƴǵĲŻıԣǽͳһĹΪһİҲûпܵ顣
ϧѽϧ̫ϧˡ
ƴǵĴδȫһֻϣȫ˰ϡ
ΪһֻƴǱ㲻òܵϼҼвʧȥͳһĹưµĻλҲŶˡ
ƴ˰ԼйƣԸҲǾԲ˵ͷģڣȴһٵϼҼЭ
ֻΪһЦİ顣
ʲôأ
ڼȵʱ򣬵Ե·
ܣʲôܣֻϺȡ
ǰϼҼҲǳڰ޷԰ΣŮǿҵĿϼҼλãֻҪܺԼͨذԼĻԼԸһеȨƣרĵĺҸֵһ
ǵĻ
¾ûڵϼҼˡ
ΪԼĮǸϲŲеУŻϼҼڵģ֮ǰϼҼԹ޹һжĴ
ĿɱЦ
ϼҼ淴ǿʼлˣҪеĴ̼ϼҼҲȨ֮УҲƴһԼİŮˣΪԼİŮ˸ҲǸ֮µġ
Ϊıѣ䣬ٲŮ˺Ͱ顣
ʲôԲù˼ɵȥˣֻҪȫԼͿˣûκκ֮ǣȷǿκεʱ򣬶ǻ°빦
ҪӮƴǵġ
ƴǵֻ鲻κξҪȿһֻͺñڣҪΪƴǶȻᱻԼвύԼĻλ
ǵģϼҼûнҩҪвƴǡ
û취˭òİŮйأ
˭ƴĲСĵֻԼˡ
вҲֻƴԼãϼҼ̬ţüɫȻĿƴǣƴʲô̬ȣ˵ʲôĻﶼûа㺦µģЩؿƴǡ
ƴϼҼشɵ䣬ƴǸüĿĵĿϼҼϼҼʲô˼
ѵ˵ҪٹģϼҼ˳ȨŻѾǹƳĥˣǽҩ
˵һʼϼҼʹûҪǽҩһжֻʱĽڰˣɹõ˳Ȩ֮ǷڣǻҩҪĿǻΪƳĥʹ
ʱϼҼѾλٳϼҼȴҲϼҼûа취ǲǣƴǲϼҼе뷨
ϼҼҲȷôģϼҼǾԲϳϵģ黹ûʮİգϣҪƴģŪƴǷŭһɢĻôϼҼ֮ǰһоȫˮһˡ
˵ЦˣΪҩϷ˻֮ûκεĵƣǻ϶ڳȨ˵ȴԼģܽԼλȣôǻ˻ϣҲǻ˼ɵġ
ɣϷҲǲȫˣϷҲ֪ʺйƳĥǶôʹһ£ҲϣҪʺõҩֹе顣ϷҲԸһ
ϼҼĳƬ̣ǻȥһĿƴǣϷ˳ɹְλڳĳĵط֮Ϸ㽫ҩھҪöʱ䣬ǱҪͻʺĳˡ

1345 Ա

1345 Ա
ǳҪȨϷĻϷҪ˶õʱ䣬ϷðģʱϷԥؽҩʺ£Ҳûʺﳹ׵ȥƳĥ
ϼҼʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ƴǵǳĻϣҲλûãΪ±Ƽҵġ
ƴȥ˲˵ʲôϼҼҪĻµһؾҪȹ˰һء
ߡ
ܲȣҪǿƴ벻ˡ
ƴĻôʣµҲȻ˵ʲôƴǲ룬ӣôϼҼȴҲֻǱϷ⣬ʵϸûʲôôǴΪѣڣ
ƴĿ䲢ϼҼˬʵЦŵĿڣϣϷûйƵģϷǽҩûʲôõģԸϷõϷҪĶôϷҲԸȫϺͻʺġ
ϾûгЩȨ书Ҳ书ǿģϷûаԼʳ˵Ļ˵ʼպϷȥ໥ҲǻӰϷģϷǾԲԸԼһ鷳ͻϷ˼;ģϷǻ˵㻰ġ
ϼҼһٵı֤ϣƴܳ׵ķ
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ϼҼĻ֮󣬷жʱֻʣ˾Ĭ
ƴǲδſڣüļᶨĿֱϼҼ
ϼҼƴǵֱӵʱûаֵ㣬Цӯӯģƴ˿ηƴǵֱӺʹ
ãƴǱĳϼҼڣá
ǱһΣֻϼҼǵã㲻ܰҪҩĻôƴǻȥҲǾԻģȻ

ϼҼƴǵĻ֮˲ЦˬʵĳƴǿڣϣȻˣϷ˵ĻûκεϷ㹧Ȼһе鶼źˣϷܰǵǰȥϷ
ŶԣһϷҪúõһ»ϵġ
ϼҼϵЦ΢΢٣ֱֱͦ˼֣ϵĿƴǣţ㲻ǳĻˣҲʺƺԼˣԺϷǽƴǰɡ
ϾϷҲĳûлλڵĻϷӦ飬Ҳûʲôİɡ
ϼҼĻƴûпڱֱת˷ţƴ뿪֮ϼҼƴǵıӰĿ⽥ñõ˳Ȩ˳֮󣬱ǵ淴ڲƴǽҩƴܵأ
ϾȨвҪĶ
һ˵书ٸߣǧʱȻ˫ȭѵ֡
ңƴǵ书ٸߣϼҼԼ书ҲǳصģƴҪԼˣ»̴̫ˡ
ԼװǵļƻȻɹ
˵ϼҼûнҩеĻҲԲֻƴǵģҪֻƳĥʱƴǵʱֻһԿţȴΪӦʹİɣ
֮ƴǣǻһζĳڱ֮޷԰ε顣

İֻĻû˼Ҫֻȥģ϶޲ֱ׷ֻȥ˼Լˣ
Ҫҩȥɣ
ú֣⼸ѱţȴûҵǸ˵֮󣬶մڷвϳǲǰѰҶʱ򣬶ҲԼ岻Ҫţǿĵʱ
ĸоԽԽǿˡ
ǵﲻԼȴ
ǵĶҪǻƽʱ϶ͳˣûʱķӦ֡
αܾ֮󣬲Ե˶ķǰŴʱڴϵĶŲǰȥ˶ĴǰеĿʵ𣿡
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ҪȻưɡ
е´ǶɫǺܺϢҲƽȣΨһЩľ˫۾ǺѪ˿ðͨû˯һ㡣ǰʱЩ̫࣬Ȼڶûлɡ
˸տʼ̼ܵʱ򣬻ܼǱܣﵽһɵ״̬ǵ̼֮˵ָ̬֮ǰڳɵʱЩ飬һǰδеĸоģʲô᲻¡
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Ҳ֪ôˡԲĹĶĺЦŵĿŲ룬ҡҡͷ˵һû£Щվǵ˴֮㱻ѹ˹ȥЩԾģϵı仯ܸоõģ֡
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ٱЩʱɹɹ̫ģȴʲôֻڴϡ
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һεҡҡͷܿģ㽫Լֵ뷨ѹȥ
ʲôóԵģ
۵ĳֻþˣȻڿ֮һּ˺óԵĸо
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ܶܶ֡

1346 üûԷ

1346 üûԷ
ĸоӭöٴʿˮ
ԴŵǾʬ֮ûгԹˣԭֻΪ᲻񣬱Ҫ˯ûԷϡƽ飬ôһ룬Щˡ
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ȻûгԷˣ֮ǰûмĸоʵ
ڣǾöĽˡ
Ĵѣųţ̫ɺܴۣҫڶϵʱҲöвʣǶȴǿнֲĸоѹȥɫҰף岻ʣȴҧԺȥ
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ѪƺкãҲǽĺΪһ𣬸书ø֮Ĳ⣬Ƕһ
书ƳİæԶԶúܲݣҪûʲôֵˣѪҲԸ׻ˡ
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˺ǻ˹һһ˫ҹеĿĳеĺѪ˿Ҳǽȥ⡭
֣ԼֻǾ徫ˣǾԼ֮ڵǱһ
ںɵ뷨֮£֮ڵۣĵģֱֱĳһԵĴ˳ȥ
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ʹȫһƴȥ֮󣬶ʱ۵ԭҼһѾϨȴһ˲Ⱥٶ֮֮ˡ
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ɶҲûɣ
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ѵ˯ǿ԰书İɣ
Ҳǻôˣͷһμ顣

1347 Ϊʲôҩһ

1347 Ϊʲôҩһ
ǡ
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쵱ǹƽģ֮ǰʱ򣬸ôľϲ
ΪʱԶĴ̼ʵ̫ˣǰʱĶһֱڳɵ״̬һֱͻԼļޣͻƵľˣҲڲ֪¿ԼǱܣŻԼ书ô̵ʱ˱ϵķԾ
лǸ˵ģЩֻԼ书ٵߣܺúõıԼϲںˣһΣƵ֮Լ㲻ǸƵˣ
˫ȭգ˫ĿǺܿ죬Ǳϲͼ滻ˣ²ĳŲԺ˹ȥ
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ɫһϲҲûкͶֱӽСƿУЩȲĽСƿ򿪡
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֮ǰĶ֮Իʱ̵ĿΪʲô飬ֻǸڱֵģҪߵǰȥԵĻҰնڵ򲻿ˡ
ֻܶڱ
һβһ
ҪֻǰҪҷ˵ݣҪƱҪߵǰǰʼָ֤У
ôһָ֤֮˱ǳ׵˺ҪһУȻҪٻص̷ţˣ
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ҲǰͲȥŶһԳıߣֻҪˡ
ҪĳɹĻȻٺò飬ǶûܰᵽҲֻǹҧˣԼûʲôϵԼ޹ģԼҲΪ˻ȥģԼΪõҩŻôȥġ
ⲻܹ졣
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˭úõĻȥҪ׷׵ĻǾĲˣҪǸƵ˸¹ƣҲڵһжǹ

1348 һŹ

1348 һŹ
Ҫôǹֶ
ǲܹԼͷϵģôţҲԽİá
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ʱһһֱߣ˵ʲôʲôȡΣʱһЩޣŵʱɹ֮ҲҪ˱ĸһ㣡
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ҪʵʵĴԼԺ棬ʲô˵ʲôֻһζװίͿĻôܴҷǶûǰļǺˣϾͬߵ֮ģÿ;еģѾʧ裬ֲӣҲζҪץô˲ŵĻǻкܶʥĸָҡ
ҪĻһЩ£ʱЩ˿Ǻ޵ҧгݵģһץ˻ԺúõʰĻǻֱӽƤˣ
СˣҲӦǱݺݵİƤŻеǿԹĲˡ
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ϵĹƳԭÿ춼ᷢһεģһһߣԴ򶫶֭Һ֮㾪ϲķ֣ԼϵĹƳ澹Ȼûÿ춼ˣҡƳ治ˣõ˽ҩҲǸ˳
Լһöҩָ֭Һºˡ
Ǻܳһʱ棬춼ܵƳĥˡ
ĬĬĽԼõĽҩպãһ¹ƳûзҲʡҩŽʱԼòҩʱǾĴˣ
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ȴǿ뿪ıӰ˼
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һ˽Լڷ֮С
ü֮ı鲢û֮ǰľ޺ϺϺѩԺʢˣ۽΢΢Щʪ󣬾Ҳģ
һ˵û˵ģҲûʸڱ˵ǰʾԼ֪Ѿ˵ϢʱĺһطúõĴһҪһܾԼ˵ʹࡣ
ûˡ
һ˶ûˡ
磬е˶ҪԼ۰ͲԼңǵˣ
ƫƫ
ҧĨԼ۽ǵˮҲݾǿ
ľѾˡ
ȥĵһСѾˡ
ʣµıϺϺѩɡϷˡϼҼֻƴǣ
һŹ
ҹɫŨ
벢ûԼԺţǳȻҹɫԼԺһ·ɽµéݵķȥ
ǰ죬ݷΪ˾ԼͬǸƵ˽һɱ
ƵȻǸˣݷҲûкõȥҲǶʲôطأ
ֻϧʱ屻ˣǴŶҵĳϣĳԼǰǣס˲ĽŲ򣬲ǵʱ˵ʲôҲҪݷʱסˡ
ѰʱݷҪʲôûʲô飬Ҳȥǣסݷжɡ
ڣݷ˵ģһҪʱҽΣ˵Ī˺
ݷһˣ־Բ׽ԼΪѺʹ˵ģǾʲô飬ֻһĬĬĳܣϲһڶ档
ǰ۵ʱ򣬱ŵ˱Ƶû˵ѡ
ʧȥ˼䣬ݷʱһЩ벻ô˵ĽӴͼˣݷļѾ׵Ļָǻָ˴ǰĮ̬ȡ
ǵģ
һֱֵڱ󱣻ԼȴôҲϳ֣վڲԣҲҪһ͵͵֪ܳĸԼˣݷˣ˵ԼѹҪˣҲǲԸ˵ǰʾɣ
Ǹɵӣ
ɲȴû뷨еֻۡ
ҪϽҵݷ㣬ǰҲΪԼûϸľҲЩԥԥ־ᶨ
ںˣѾ¶˾ĵģǾͲôҪȥǻᱻݷܾ¼ֵ۵ҲûԼҲûйϵ
ѾѡųһΣԲųڶΣǰԼ·ʧܣԼҲԲ
ҪΪԼϲĶȥƴһΡ
ô֪һͲأ
սˣųı֣ԲԼΪų
ΣҪԼһĻشģϵʱ򣬲ȥԼһȥ˼Լ꣬Ųúڣ򡭡
򼴱ڲȷǲᱻκ˾ܾˡ
ûԹ֪ͷϴĸо뻹Ǻܲġ

Ҳһ·ƽ̹ڣҪԶԾֱȴˣǽ˵ȥûӣ
ԼĺӵĸǰʱҪ˵ﵱô죬ôˣ

1349 Ͻ

1349  Ͻ
УԲе飡
üĽĴٵѰţݷӰҲԽĵǣݷ㣬֪ڣ
ǹڶң
Ҹ㣬ôҶģ
ҵԸ֪ģңҾͻһֱȥֱҵһ죡
ҪȻұǸƵ˸ˣĻҾͲȥģ
ޱߵҹɫǿĿڣиЩʪ󣺡ҪȻǾͱԱԣܲ˵
˵
϶ܣ
ǿҧԼĴǣޱߵҹɫʱҲǸļᶨ
Ȼ֪ݷںδǲֻ֪Ҫôȥݷ綼ģ
ӰҹǰУȻȴļ㣬˿Ҳöݣüյʱ䣬ÿһβ붼ôѰҵģţݷǶʲôطˣ
һʵ̫ࡣ
ʲô鶼һܵĻݷ˵Ҳ̫̣
Բ벻ƽ
ƾʲôݷԵ޹ʵ治ˣŲ룬ǲȴҪչ˵ݷĻᶼûУ
ⲻƽ
ݷ㣬֪ڣ
ң
ôڱ󱣻ңȴֱӺҼ𣿣
ں¼𣿡
˵ں¼Ĺȥ
ۣ
һŭֻԼɤЩð̣ԶڵϴʱϢһʱˣǲ룬ڲոé֮һӰȴȻĳ˲ǰŲǶ˼ָӡ
Ǻαأ
ڣűһſٿسڲǰݷɫȻ԰ףϢȴȻƽȣ֮ǰս֮ܵѾõĲˣ
˳̧ͷݷӰǾȣǷˣ
̫ˡ
ݷѾָĲˡ
Ȼ뻹ΪݷʱԼһĬĬضڽأ
ݷ㣡
Ѿģǿϳˣ
ѹסеĻϲǿԼûôԼҪò׳ֵݷˣ

Լߵʯףʾݷ㵽ԼǰǺαأ
ΪʲôôҪ㡣
ݷҲǺûоܾŲߵ˲ǰ£һ˫һеɻ
ȴܺõĿݷ㣺ʲôʱģ
һǰԲѯʣݷ̵ĻشԼ⡣
ǲȴʱ䡣
һ¡
ҲŸոջصŲµʱ䡣
˵
Լصû֮ݷ͸Żˣ֮Իô룬ΪֻƴǲŲµʱ䣬ҪݷǰиֻĻҲŴ˰µʱģǵһ¡
бˡ
Ϊʲô
ݷֻĸôôܻ뿪ֻأ
ѵ˵ݷָ˼֮󣬾ֻĴڣҲ֮ǰֻĸ
ⲻ̫ܰ
˵滹ʲôҪ飬Żڻָ֮һʱԴ
ݷֵ˵ͷЩҪϼҼȥģֻǻδüȥϼҼ㷢ŵĹƳң
ڲ룬ݷ㵹ûʲô
Ҳ˲ݷ˵ĻϼҼݷ㺦ôңݷָ֮ҪϼҼĻҲ֮е飬û뵽ݷľȻôɡ
պþ͸űĹƳң
ȵȡ
˲˹ΪʲôμǸƵˣǸƵϢԣ˸տʼԼǰʱ򣬵ȷ书ܸǿģǺ֮ͺһ
ԭ
ȻǴô翪ʼݷһֱڱĬĬػţĬĬĺǸƵ
˵Ҳ̵ģ
ЩƽʱڿԴǵˣƽʱָָǸģǻܾ棬޲һ˾ܳ˵ˡ
ǵ˹ؼʱ򷴵ȴͺˣЩƽʱŲֻۣƽʱǱ۸ָˣڹؼʱȴͦ
ϣҥĻɱ˵ģ
ҥҥһֿıҥԿν仰ǿѨġ
еʱҥǿԱһˡ
ϾǷǵ˲࣬ܶʱйʲôʲôҥ֮ʶķӦǻ˳ҥȥָǸе˵ĲԵĵطǾҥǲģȴûȥ֤ʵ
ҥֲ˵Լ
ҥ˵ֲԼˡ
Ҷô˵
Լ˵Ҳܹ񫣬˳㷢йй

ֵ֮£ֵı硣
ǰ
˵˵˵ȷǿһһվ㽫ԼвйǱĬĬܵء
Ե޹ʾҪ˵ı˵أʲô

1350 Ǳ

1350 Ǳ
ݷϾǸõ֡
е˶ָݷĲԣ˵ݷΪӣǲϵˣ˱ŴȤĹָݷ㡣
ʵݷʲôû
Ҳûʲô
Ϊ֮ǰƽͱڸˣ
ʵأʵݷ㱾ҲǺεġ

ŵ˶ݷΪˮޣû뵽гһŵģȻ֮ǰ˺ۣ
֪ڵЩ֪֮ʲôķӦ᲻ЩΡ
ûȥݷ㣡
Щ۵ݷ㣬ҧŴ֮ԥĿſڣΪʲôȻˣȴҪһֱڰ
ҵҲϳˣ
˶۲ҪȥҲǿģ֪ݷ֮ԻᱣţҲΪҪ˸мͲ˵۹⡣
˵ǰҲˣΪʲôԼǰҪô
ҪԼв²⵽ݷĴڵĻҪһֱڹˣ
ݷûж񣬶ɫӵĿŲ롣
Ϊʲôڲûֱӳڲǰ
ݷʱģݷҲȷûҪıܿ˵ߣֻΪ书ʵ̫ˡ
ΪҲʵСĽݷΪڰڼιؼʱ䲻⡣
ҪݷֱӳǰĻֻľ裬ʱҪ͸ˣ
ö֮ݷʶֱӾȺ֮󣬲ˣ
Ȼˡ
ҲǺݷ㱾ԸЩϵġ
ݷ㱾ϲԼһ˴ţϲμ֣ϲ̫ˣûʲôҪ
֣ص֮ݷ΢΢ЦЦһ˫аȵһǷ飬ĿԴ
ûҪ㣬ֻǲ֪˵ʲôá
΢΢ӲݷԼԴʱ򣬸ǲɵͫ΢𾪵Ŀݷ㡣


ոǱݷ𣿣
ݷȻԴ
Цʱ򻹿ôȻ
ʲôԱģ
ݷ㿴ŽӲԭصĲ룬ٶԴ㣬ô۰Ͱ͵Ҹʲô
һ͵͵ܳ±ץ߳Ѫ
뷴ӦĨһ𣬸Ŭҡҡͷ£
ҲŲأ
֪ڱ󱣻ңǸƵ˲ҵģ
ЦӯӯģյЦݸˣ֮ŵҲǱ֮ǰκöˣůġ
ǲ룬ݷ˵Ļȴòֱԭأ
ݷ͵͵Ц˳ˡ
ǸƵѾˡ
ʲô
Ѿˣ
ܵݷ׽ٶ𾪵Ŀڣϡ
ݷԼľȣһһ
ֻǣڲӺǣǸôأ
ʱǸƵ˺ݷ㶯ֵĹ̲ۼģǶǸ˵ȷ˺صƣǾԲģ
Ѿˡ
뻹ΪǸǶʲôطأŲŻѰңҲˣ
ڣݷȻԼ˵
ǸƵѾˣ
ʵòЩȡ
ôģǺ档
ݷüĽšôģҲú֡
˵˭û뵽ǸƵ˻ôˡ
ĺףĺ׼
Ͼ֮ǰ
Ͼ֮ǰƵŪĶôĴ
֪˻ΪǸƵҪĹŪòðأȴߵôͻȻ
ݷ㶼ѾҪǸƵͬھĺˣû뵽ô򵥵ˣ
ֻ̫ǡ
ݷüĽšŲЩɵģֻһɣǱƳ˰ɣ
ݷЩء
ΪһֱǶŵİģҲǸڹ۲˺ܴķ㡣
˿ʱݷ㶼ڰĬĬع۲
ͱ綫ֵǾʬ塣
Ϊֻͨ˲СĵˮˣǺ綯ֹεݷȴһ۾ϳǾʬı
˵ʵ
ڸռǾʬʱݷûбȲڵٶ٣ֻǵʱݷҲȫȻţթ
ԡ
ڶҵЩǽʬ֮ݷŴ뿪ֽ֮ǹײĸ
ȻЩصǣΪȷŵİȫҪȷһ²İġ
ǵݷ㽫ǹײڳ֮󣬿ײǾʬʱ򡭡
ɫӡ
˵һʬ壬˵һ߱Ϳ˵ĿտӰˡ
ûˣϵѪҺҲʣˣ
ֲֲ̿״̬ΪǡƳ桭ϾݷۼƳôĽһ˸Եĳ档

1351 Ը

1351  Ը
ܵԸģƳ˰ɣ
˴뱲ӹƳ棬Ҳ˹ƳУȻЩԽܣǱϾѾʵ
ݷѾȷ顣
Ҳûʲôˣ
֮ǰʲôǸƵѾˣⳡƻҲʱýˡ
ǿһ
ҪѾȷˣݷҲǾԲڲǰġ
˵ʲôҲҪȥ
˻
ǻð
ݷĻֻ֮Ǿú꣬תһ룬ȴǺöˣ綼ҪģҪǱŸץĻҲһ׵ķģ
Ҫô绰˵ڹƳзǶһܺõĽˣ
ֻýǸӡ
ЩϢһһˡ

صĳݷգգ۾
ʱ׵¹͵ڵϣҫ˲ϣòԵÿɰ
һݷ㣬֪ɱǧѾ֮ò࣬Ҳ˼ͬݷȤ
С㣬ûң
ݷϵЦݻȥĿŲ롣
ȴǺܵĿݷ㣺ҿǺأ
ô˰
һȥźúõ𣿡
ݷٿҲûٺͲ˷ʱ䣬ڲǰûбֳԼʹࡢ
ȻѾˣԼϵĹƳȴϲûб⿪ġ
Դ綯ô֮ϵĹƳͺǱ̼һ㣬ʱʱıԼĥԼ
Ҳݷ书ǿɡ
ûϢģܲЦѾǹƳĥĲˣ
ܵ˴̼
Ǽݷ书ǿҲǿ󣬿ǸĹƳǰȴЩ㡣
ÿÿʱ֮ԼϵĹƳĥݷ죬ʹ̣ǾôֱڲǰֳĻ
ݷʲôû˵ֱʧ˲ǰ
ȽǰݷĲһݷͻȻ뿪뵹ûзϣɺۣݷ뿪ıӰĿĬĬ²ţҲǿľͷ𣡡
ֻǲڱʯͷˣ
Ҳ֪ԥϢǸ˭ѧģ


뻹ǾҲݷϲ
Լյݷ뿪֮󣬲ҲĳԼԺ汼ȥ
Ҫ鶼ѾˣݷҲǳɹҵˣ¿Իȥ˯ȵľˣ
û뵽ǡ
ΪԼûԼԺ棬ȴںܴĳ̶ϸı˶ˡ
°ҪԼ书ôһϲºͲģû뵽߸˵ҵ˲Ժӡ
ǲԺȴû˵ġ
벢ûԺ档
ôˣûԼԺ棬ȥˣ
ȥʲôأ
ҵĵѯһȦ˲ŮǶ˵ûм룬Ҳ֪æʲô飬ֻ֪ĲǻҹʱţʲôҪصɡ
֮ĵɫ
һڲԺȴŲĳ֣
߸˵»صԼԺ棬Ǵúõİȵ˯һû뵽սԺ棬㿴һɫԺĶ
ֻǵʱɫ̫ڣûע⵽ŵɫֻǾöЩֵģΪʲôҲ˵һ仰ôֱֱԺһԲ
Ǻܿģ㽫ֵѹȥֻЦӯӯĿڿŶô˰
ôô˻ңʲô𣿡
ͶĹϵ׽˻ڵ˲ֱ˴˵ĳ̶ȡ
ô˶ԼԺ棬һʲôҪġ
Ժ˸ֵĿܣǷȴ벻ʲôôż
Ҫ֮ǰûмݷʱ򣬿ܲΪǸƵ˵Ĵڣеźͺ¡
ϾǸƵ˾ͺǶһ棬ʱǸ˵ʲôʱͱըˣյһˡ
ڲѾȥݷ㣬Ѿȷ֪ǸƵѾˡ
Ѿ˵˱źڵĵûʲôвˣҲûʲôõĵĵطˡ
Բ벻ΪʲôôôżĳԼǰ
ûжأֻһ¶ʲô飿ҪǵĻҲһȥ
ǲ붫˲֮ȴĿ̧Ų롣
ûֱӻش⣬Ų룺ȥĶˣΪʲôôŻ
֮ǰͲ뼸õӰĸˣȻһһŮǴСһ𳤴ģĸ飬ôһֱǹϵ׺
ܳʲô˶ǳ˫룬ŲڵĵطŶĴڡ
ڶòԼܣԼȥҲǰԼǸողڽԺʱ򣬴¶ôһĨЦݣĴ̼˶
̫ˡ
ôЦôģ

1352 ˸һ

1352 ˸һ
ĵЦݡ
Ǵĵġ
ܿóŲҲǸϵЦһġ
ָо
ͺŮϲһ㣬ʲô飬ʲôˣ涼᲻ԾԼϲ˵ӣ;øۡ
Ǹò˿ĵˣԼ
ܺԵĸܵԼ
ֵܴˣԼ
Ϊ̫ںԾ͸аɡ
Ȼʲôû˵ҲûԼǰֳǸղԺ߶һĨЦݣѾöĲԾǺ߾ԡ
ΪʵŵˣЩֵŶǸѽ
ҪʲôĻֱӺ˵
ǲ붫ûлش⣬Ҳû˵ԼԺﵽҪʲôٿĴʯͷվߵ˲ǰ
ĽŲȻȴļᶨʱҲǸˣͻȻ߬ס󣬲ǿȲԼֱӡ
ڼѾ۵ŭǺòɢĺѪ˿ٶȳڶ˫ϣҶϵƸˣͳڣ˵㵽Ǹʲôȥˣ
ȥʲôˣ
˵һŭ

һʱûзץ˸ţϵʹĴɫʹĴ󺰣ô󣺡𣿡
ץڸʲôѽ
ſңŪˣ
ڶͻȻΪ벻Ϊʲôǲ֮ϴʹòѡ
ƴҪѿκζȭͷͬǦһصǶԼ󣬲ܲô
ſңĺ۰
۰
ſңſҡ
дſǻʢŭеĶĿʱȻѡ𾪵ĿԼжԼץס󣬻в⣬·𴥵һȻĽɿŲҲΡ
롭
ԡԲ𣡡
ãȻĿԼ˫֣ոһ˲䣬Լ֪Լʲô
ںŵĲģܸҸ˲ԼڶҲû̫ıԹίֱߵߣôҲԸػڲĬĬĿŲҸġ
Ǹոա
ող֪Լôˡ
ȻԲô³˺飬áԼû飬ĻҪ˺˲ˣ
Լ书ͻȻô࣬ҪԼãȻ£һԼĶֵġ
Բûʲô飬ȡˣ
ûٺͲԼ书ˣһĳԺȥȥŲˣǻûþʲô̬Բ롭ֻһ뿪ط뿪롣
Ȼһ˫ڵˮҪ˸ˣ
ŲҴҡ
ȴǽϹۣãȻĿŶȥĽŲҴңΪʲôô֣ܵʲô̼𣿡
Դ򶫼Ҽ֮󣬶Ƣò׽ˣǻһЩ飬ҲֻǶڹƳǸˣԭΪǸѾˣӦǻ˵ģû뵽ѹûиԼȥϢĻᣬֱĶԼ
侲侲ȥɣ
૵ĿڣĨԼ۽ǵĵۣȥ
ӰǿٵĴҹɫ֮С
ԭԼϵı仯ûʲôֻΪԼ书еˣڡԼȻô׵ľʧˣ˺˲顭Բ˺ǺСģ˭ܱ֤Ժ󲻻ֵأ
һöúǿֻš
ĸѾˣڱֻʣĸ׺ͲںˣԸԼȥԸܵ˺ǰĶƢǺܺõģʲô鶼ǻЦԣʲô飬ҲǶ϶ϲڲǰֳġ
ڡ
ˡ
һжˡ
ԼǵˣҪúõĿһ´ˣ
ֻԼ飬ޱߵҹɫ΢Щ̹ǣöӲҲٶȽúܿ졣
ôţԼԺҲû˼ȥˣֱӳŶҵĴȥ
֮ǰҽԵʻĵڣڵĴˣ첽ǰպøҪشš
򣡡
ʱĿڣס˶ֵ
Ҫشŵ򿴼Ҳ̬ȺܹЦЦôˣ
ʲôĵط𣿡

1353 ѹ̫

1353  ѹ̫
еԼЩɵĵ˵ͷ֮£һ𣬵Ժ档
źüʱˣҲǿŶġ
Ϊ˺Ǻƣܶҽ߸ĸİɣں󱲵ЩӶǰݣԴҲǺǹġ
Ȱע֮£ǰãȻĿ
򡭡
ҡ
Щ֪ôˡ
ȴĵĿŶʼմŵȻЦݡ
ûϵ뵽ʲô˵ʲôҪԿڣ˲Ҫ֮飬ʲô顣
ҽС
ôҪŲԿ˵ܸΡ
Լʲô쳣ǲĵطԺһһϸ˵Ҫʲô
ЩҲͬ˵ϾȻǴͲ˵ĹϵȴҲѵĹϵ𣿡򿴳˶ĶΪѣ֪Щ֮ġ
ҽߣЩʱҽβϵĲЩʱȴҪҽβϵĲ֢ġ
ȻĿ£Լѹֵƺ˺ܶ࣬Ҳû֮ǰǰˣ㾲ǰüͷ˼ԼԼҪ˵Ļ㻺ĳ򿪿ˡ
⻹еĸоҵǾúƣʲôԭŻеƣֲ˯˶öʲô鶼᲻ƣ
УʼҾЩƲסԼˡ
ʱҲ֪һЩֵ顣
ɫӵĿĪ˵ú棬ԼҲͷһ֪Ȼֲ֢
˵ȴûҪ˵ûĻǵȷ״ġ
Ҳ֪ôˡ
Ŷ𣿡
Ǿıʲô
أЩˣôƲסԼģ˶֮Ҳö֣Լǰô궼ûɵñĿ֣
ĵŶĻشиҲǹС
ڣһʱ֮ЩȻҲ֪ôˣܾҵһкܶʱҿƲסԼж
ͺո߸˵ȥҲ룬ҪͲ˵һ书˲٣ҪͲȥϲá
֪ԲĸģСĬĬϲŲ룬ֻһֱûҵúõı׿ڰˣټҲȷҪ˶׵Ĵ㣬Ҳһֱûֱ˵ڣĬĬϲŲ롣
˵ͷּ˵ǽҸұǸ߸˵ȥĵԺȴֲ벢ûԺ棬³ȥˣұԺȣҪٺ˵Ϣǡǲ֪ΪʲôڵȵʱԽԽ꣬ȵ˲ʱǷŭĲУ
Ǻ˵ʱǲɵģԵĸܵһŭٿŴĵﴫҺرҪй
ҡһһ˺˲룡
ǲҵı⣬Ҳ˺ģұҲûкֻҪѣ
߰˰˵ؽԼ˵˸ţȻЩңǲѴӶĻ쳣ı֣Ҳ˶
ҺЩˡ
üĽĿ֣صĿŶ˵ԼĿ𣿻ߣ׼ȷ˵ǲƵģ𣿡
֣صĵ˵ͷԣ
ܾú˭֧ҵ壬пǸܵġ
˭֧壬ͺúõԼϣ
һֱԼ뷨ƣԼֱȴֶǱ˿һ£ԶŻ
ȸѰϸͦ˶Ļķһ¶ɫصİ˶ǺܾõĳĬ
֣صģƺ̾ϢһļڣҲ֪ҾˣҲΪ̫ˣԲŻָо
ټ٣ټ档
Щʱ˶ֲԼʲô˼״̬ˣ
ȴǻɿ˶󣬿ŶŵģҲǵȻЦЦģǺǡ
ɵСӣܵΪʱѹ̫˰ɣ
ϸι˶ûϳκεϢȣǾöǿڵ״̬ʲô״̬

1354 ֻ

1354 ֻ
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ܣʱ䶫ѹ̫˰ɣ
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Ȼɫ¹⿴ǰߵԼǰӰʱĽ˲𾪣촽ʵĿǰˣô㣿

1355 Ϥ

1355 Ϥ
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ߵ˶ǰüɻĿڣʲô𣿡
ҼΪʲôôķУ
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1356 Ψܺ

1356 Ψܺ
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Ļʺ֮ԼˣƴҲ᲻ŵԣݷҲԼġ
һжǺõģһУȴֻĳֶıˣ
Ѿֻǧˣǲ룬˵Ļȴˡ

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ΪŮ
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û뵽羹ȻصԼǰڣһǸˣҲûкͲ

1357 һæ

1357  һæ
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ɵ۾ֻҪܺȵѪҵ书˲ָ壬ܻиһεߣʱǾû˻ҵĶˣǸ֮ǰһֱʾۣ
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ҺöǸֵԸ񣬷Ҫǻϸ˵Ļ϶ǻֶᷢߵġ

ΪԼĳеˡ
򵥵ϴ֮󣬱ֱӵĳŲԺ汼ȥˣŲʱ䣬ڶҲ·ϣҲǴȥҶġ
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ҲҪ浽ôġ
˱ôֱ·˴˿ű˴˵ֻ΢΢һ㶣ǺܿģǷӦǳŶԷٺٺٵɵЦǶ
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뿴ԼԼҪ˵Ļ˵˵ĶҲûкͶ̸ȥҪߵ˼

1359 Ȼ

1359 Ȼ
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ֻҪ̹׵סǱûʲôܡ
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벻ٺͶ߶ݷԼõʱͿҪˣݷò׿ϳԼ벻ݷǰʧԼûаԼʱ䡣
߸˵ͬȻڲߺ󣬶Ϻò׿סӣٶȱѪ
ÿÿʱӶ᲻ɵñѪ
ҪǲһܿסԼ壬һôԽĲܿƣȥò˶ã˼ܳ׵ռݶ壬ܳ׵Ľסĸʱ򡭡
²ŵĻҿʼɡ
ߵķɿ죬һ˼ҲǷݷϣûע⵽Щ仯ҲվԭأӰͣƬ֮Ҳ뿪Լվŵĵط
Ȼˣ˳Լ֮ˣ
ٶȳ֣ҵ˻ȥϣ
ұ֮ǰҪӸɾʮ㡣
ʰľֻǵһ£ڶ¾ҪϺϺѩ
ȻûʲôãǲĻų綼Ǹ˭Ҳ֪˵ǻʲô顣
һ򣬾һ
ѧôˣǶȻԼεĴģ
ߣ֮ǰΪ˵ʱǱŻȥ̬ƣ˭Ҳõô
ڲһˡ
ֻˣصԼߡ
ºˣǲƴҲҪЩݺԼ˸ˣ
Ӹĵ
ŸոͱЩãȻ

ôˣ
ʲô𣿡
컹û˯ѣɻžӵ
Ϊʲôôĺã
ǰѹĿҪˣǽĸˣ
֪ŮƱ䡣
ҲôƱķӰɣ
Ŀ죺ٸŽҩȥҽѵˡ
ô㲻ֱ˵⣬ҽǰ
Žҩ
Ȼô󷽣ֱӸԼŽҩ
ԭ˯˫Žҩʱ˲˫Ҳûľ͵˵ͷ
а
Ҫѵ˭ѽ
ֻǽѵһ˶ѣûʲô¡򵥵ȴܵõҩһξö˵ջʵ̫ˣûоܾĵ
ǲڿ˵Ҫѵ˵ʱϵıȷʵЩʵġ
ҪȥѵϺϺѩ
ѵ֮ұֱӽöҩ㡣⼸ûҩһڶܹƳĥˡ
ô
˵ǺܻģҪҪԡ
⡭ֱָϵȷ޳Ϊѡ
ҪѰ̫๬ŮʲôģֻҪڣٽѵʮҲʲô
ϺϺѩһϾҶϼҵˣ̧ͷͷϺϺѩҪ빬ΪĴڣҼǰĺˡ
ҪôȻĺϺϺѩԵĻǻԲ˶ߵģʱ򲻵ûȥܽҩǻֱӱǼҼġ
Щԥ
ķӦСֻЦſ죺֪Ĺ˼ģҲôˡ
ҶԸСˣҪöԸľ޵ֶȥԸ׼
ϺϺѩǺľݲһġ
ľ޲ǸûʲôݱĳѾͷˣҲʹˣûںҲûȥ׷˵ԭ
ϺϺѩȴ򵥴ֱֶΣϼҵĺˣֱӶֶܲ

1360 и¶

1360 и¶
ҪֱӾôŵȥϺϺѩö֣ҲǲԸġ
ûôǸıã
Ŷ
Ҫôȥʰˣ˵ֱȥһҲǱȽϺ룬ֱӿ˳
ҩ
ɻ죬ûж˷ʱͻֻǼ̵ֻش
ҩ
ڻЩ̫С
ϾϺϺѩŷϼҼֱӶǾ춮书ҲסʹˣǱҩˡ
ҪԸһ˵ֶο̫ˡ
ϺϺѩΪСŷҲǼʶ㣬˲ٵļʶ
пСưˡ
ҪѧͷǵűȥԶԶеģҪ뵱ҪԼܸߵġ
ôѧĶԼѧģϺϺѩ̸ֽһȼ
ǡʲôҩ
ٶɻĿڣķԸ
ԭüͷȴǴͻȻ΢΢һĨЦݣЩصĿ죺¶Ϳ벻ˡ
á¶
ЩĻŵĿԼ񣬲֪Ϊʲôÿαŵʱ춼áʲô¶վڵԼ
ƫƫƫƫԼȥܾ
ʲô°
֮£ֻܶѹʳڣҪȥʲôҾ
þöûŮ˰ɣ
ЦŵĴ졣
Դ˹Ƴ֮ÿ춼ǱƳĥȥǸﻹЩ£ң˿ϸһҲ㰡
ߣ˭Ը찡
Բ˵ˣָͷɾͲ˵ˣԼôһ֮ҪǻܼװµĸԼǲԵ̫ۣ
֮ǰû˵ʱ쵹ǲʲôͻȻ˵֮쵹ǾЩĽˡ
ٿı飬뵽ϺϺѩʯ֮䣬ԺͻȻһͷѵ
ѵ㡭
ϺϺѩ˽
ۡ
ǿġ
һ°
˵ϺϺѩεĵ˵˵ò㹻ϳˣʤܶģߣһԽû
컹ûԹûһʱʲôоأ
һ챻˵ľȻЩڴġ
쾼Ŀ֮£Цŵ˵ͷǺǣô
ҲǶ㹻˼˰ɣ
˰֣кǰӻͳһҩ۵ǰ㽫ҩ۳˲עʱ͵͵ķǵĲˮУ֮󣬱֤Чֲ˼񣡡
ôһһҷӭ̼Գ˵Щ飬Ҳǽ޵
컶ϲĽҩ۽˹صĵͷ˼˼
ֻǡֻҩ۵ҩЧ綼ȥȥ֮ء
촽ǵЦݻδ׵𣬱ֺܿĽӲϣǺɻĿµȷǿԿҩϺϺѩùԹڲǵҩЧ֮أ
˿ǸС
Ҫºô
ҪȻҲֱ˸¹Ƶˡ
룬˲Ž飬ҲʶǸƵ˰ô鷳ô˼ɣֱӸӵ¹ƾͺ˰
˹֮󣬾Լ˵ʲôʲôҲҲ
ȥ˺ܶ鷳ˡ
ߣҪǱ¹Ƶ˶ˣŽҪָʱҲǶһЩ֤ݺͽڣʱҲĸң
ʵֻЩƽˣ
ƾʲôԼһйƣնҪŹƳĥô汳ĹʱҲƽһ㡣
ǲȴҡҡͷ
ƳĥʲôЩӵĿ죬Ȼû˵ȴǺ֮ģйƵ˲ݷƴǾǡ
ݷ㻹ƴǣ˶˭ûп˭
ûôͺߺҪһ㡣
ߡ
ҪĻٵһˣôƱҪӶԷںķֵģȻͲĴݻ١
ϺϺѩŮˣԴŮˣֻҪ˵ף㹻˱ˣĸоǱ¹ҪȤĶˡ
ֻڴҲЩȲҪϺϺѩˣɫҧгݣȴԼûа취ӡ
һܹ񫣡
Ůˡ
Ů˽Ů˵ġ
ҡ
Ǵǰ磬Ҳʹŵģĵλһܲڣ㲻ҪǰҪ

1361 ˵Ը⻹ǲԸ

1361 ˵Ը⻹ǲԸ
ԽԱԽǰ̧ͷ
ԭԼǷ̫̫ˣλܲϵȥȡ
ӦҪģΪ˶Լĺþͱ޶ȣûƤû
ҲҪġ
졭
ûʲô飬ֻö֡
ǰǣڸǡ
üЦĿ죺˵Ը⻹ǲԸɡ
ҪǲԸ⣬ԸеԸɡ
ĵҲ
ϺϺѩһԽûϴĺ¿ɲʱġ
ҪϺϺѩޣ治ôװ׵ı
㵣ĵʲô֮ǣȫˡ
ʲô˼쿴еֻúɻ
Ц绨ΪŮ˶ףһôʵ𣿡
׶һŮ˵ǺҪ顣
Ů˶Ǿͺһزˣ±֪ôĵȥ
ϺϺѩҪ
ǷϼҼҪˣ
ǶҪ
Բܣ
ֻҪϺϺѩʧףʱ򲻹жжޣòίȥӲţԲܴ˵ġ
ܡ
ֻҪ˵֮պ󻹿вϺϺѩã֮
ⶫͺǳ˶ҩһ㡣
һεʱ򣬿ڲ֪±ף֮ϺϺѩΪ澡ʧţȥ֮ǾͻеڶΡ
ǲҪġ
ԻȥвϺϺѩһֱź
ǰװױˡ
ô˵ɢ쳣Ĺâûκεԥæĵͷã
Ǿô˵ˣ
һڴӦ
ھȥһϺϺѩСҩȥ
ֻѪڡ
ӵģĵ˵ͷá
һɣһġ
Ȼ书ǻϺѩϺģᡣ
ǲʲô鶼ҪӼˡ
£˵Ӱһǰһ뿪ԼԺӣתϺϺѩԺ档
ʱϺϺѩƣҲǺǳ
Ȼ˵ĻܶԣǸľ޵ȷǸļˣǱϾʱΪԼѾ߶ģôϺϺѩöжµûš
ԭǴǰϼҾѧùеĹأʱȥ˹Ӧˮˣľˣ˶ʱûʲôˡ
Ҫƽ׵Ϊûȥһ
á
ЩʱϺϺѩҲЩˣôõ״̬׳ɳ
ȷǲס
㣬˵Ϻʱ̻س
ϺѩٰſںľϣûʲôĿʵ˵ϵŵĽھΪǸС˻ţڡ
ƴŵĽڱõԼĹôɣʧˣҲǻˣƻҲǳ׵Ľ⿪ˣΪʲôƴǺֻȴûаҪ뿪ļأ
Ѳ˻Ĵôڲɣ
ǵǺȲҪȥлԻɵĻʹʲôģҪǰӵĹ
ϺƳϺѩһۣȴ΢΢һĨȣɵã㵱ϵΪǸС˲Żŵģ
տʼƴŵʱϺҲΪƴǶӣǶƫԲŻΪһԲԶǧĵڡ
ڼƴǶ̬֮Ϻ㳹׵ˡ
ʲôνŹֻǸڰˣ
ȻΪʲôڵ֮ͶܲˣҪİĻ˵ǿԺ󲻻ˣǵԺ󲻻ˣƴҲǻ᲻벻ߵİɣ
İֻܽ˸ֿġ
¡
ƴţĿˡ
ֻĿʲôϺû뵽

Ϻѩ΢΢Щȣ촽΢ţ˴֮ȴȥһΪΪأ
Ϳӣ
ϺҡҡͷŽ֮󣬱κβ£Ҫٶˡ
˵ٴǲڣһһн˶ţ˵ǵ˴ĻǻҲǲеģ
Ϻѩɵĵ˵ͷʱҲľ˵˲õϢ
ȼɭϣֹȷȷǲ¶Ϊģ
ң˻ϣҲǲҲҪܵǵƺ߶ǡ
һжûɵĽɫ
ö˵лʱʱԺͻȻһ֮͵Ӱ

1362 

1362 
ϺϺѩöıɫ˲ɫĿǵ֮ͣϺѩӦ֮󣬸ֱӳ嵽Ժ棬ǵ֮͵Ӱ

ĵǽ˺۸ǲǣ
ϺѩЩ
ǡ
̫˺ðɣ
ƾʲô
ƾʲôôţ
ľѾˣϺϺѩ˻ûǰҲأȴһٶĹǵǰ¶ĵǲè۸
ϺҲɫŷȥ˲վϺѩıϣһĿʢŭʱ򣬲ûа㺦£Ц绨
λãڸʲô
ۼŶҪ빬ΪˣαĳסҪ˿ˣһЦλõģ
ϺѩϺȴǱȷĿܡ
ﲻӭ㣬ʶȤһ뿪
뿪ǵ֮ڣ
ͷúܣǵĸǰˣ
ϺѩϺûҪֱӽС˸ˡ
ǣϺѩϺֵʱ˼һϺϺѩڶֵʱҲ˼ɵġ
ŴôãԼһλġ
Ǹӡ
ʧˣȴʹĶ죬˭֪ڻû˰ݵʯȹ£
Ҫһĳ̶ϣһǲðģ
ϺѩϺ񻹲Լ鷳ǽ黹δ֪أҪĳΪס
˵ҲϺѩϺ񲻹ݡ
Ǳĸױӻģûм̫ԵĳªƽʱƤӵļܣ컹ռ˸Ϸ磬ҪĶ˼Ҳһ˵Ķ֣
Ƕݣ
Ů˲ݣվȡ
ϺѩϺȴûһ㣬ӯӯĵϺϺѩǰλãƣؽûУҪ˹ˣҪôȥأ
촽ǳЦȻ
ϺȴǺϺѩüͷ⻰ʲô˼
ʲô˼
λãǵͬڣǹˣǿѪķϣҲбҪһЩǰͼλ˵ġЦӯӯģ˵Ҳ׽·ϺϺѩ˵׽㣬һ㡣
λü빬Ƿ⣬ȴҲֻǱġ
еף㲻Ƕ˵ˣҲ֪ǲϲģҪ˵ص˵
󹬵Զֻǻôһ
ݸЦţȴޱȵ֣أϺϺѩҲǲĻ˼
һʱ˭ûа
뵱Ҫ빬ʱ򣬸ϼҼŵʱǺεȵķ⣬ڲҲ䵽ڵ³
ƴǻϣȻǻϣôԶֻһ
ƴֻʺ󣬿Щʱȴǲѵġ
ǰǲѣڵϺϺѩҲǣˡ
ôһǾƱػϲͲϲġ
ֱӽԼĲдϣպôڹദ
ȻǹɢϺϺѩעģǣʱ˿˵ĻȴǴҪ˵Ļ
̫Ĳ׵ġ
ҪܺúõĻȥ˾ԵȨ֮⣬ҪߣαĻš
˶вѵĵطͿԣ˶һߡ
еʱ򣬴ߵΪ˺ˣЩʱߵΪ˱ȫԼ
ƽʱһҪˣǺ֮еʱ򣬱ҪαĻˡ
ҪǣҾ;ԲὫԼϲдϣϲʲôˣʲôˣһ۾ͿͱڣҶǡ
ǳЦᣬ˵ĻȴϺϺѩ໥һۣǴӶԷп˺Ȼ֡Ȼĸо
ͱڡ
ϺϺѩ
Ѿ̶ܴܺ˵ˡ
ϺѩϺ
ôܣ
ͽ˺޵ҧгݣ޲ýǧ˰ɣ
ء
ȴǰҲԼ񣬷Ǿ׽ᡣ
Ҫǲ֪ˣ´ʱѾαıƭȥ˰ɡ
Ǳ¡
ı¡
΢̧۾Ŀ˼ŵϺѩϺͬʱ۽ǵȴǿӰٿش뵽ϺϺѩӡ
һȻĳߵʱ򣬻˸ɹơ
ǲɵ΢΢һĨЦݣжǰɫϺϺѩˡ

1363 һ

1363  һ
λõı飬Ȼȥ˽˵Ļˣôοˣ
ûаװ׵˷Ѵࡣ
ѾóѣûбҪˣӦ뿪ȻϺϺѩ˺ǼҩĲˮ֮󡭡ɾҪıˡ
Щʱ򣬿ɲҪı濴ˡ
ͱңȻʧˣҼȻܳɹҲȻԼıµģԸ⣬ҲҪͼ徲ǴԻɸΪ񲯣ȡ衣
üûʲôҾˡ
˵ĻǿԺúõĿһ£ұǣǾĽ
£ǿٵת뿪
ԭصϺѩϺȴ໥֮ãȻ
㡭㿴
ϺѩȿڣϺкǳɣ˵Ļŵù𣿡
ϺɫӵüҲ֪浽ʲôǾЩԾĵطʲôԾĵطȴ˵ģ
Ȼ˫ãԸȴźܴĲģϺҪϺѩһЩ
ҲǶż˽ģȻưոݵˡ
ֺͣȷϺѩϺЩ⧲
ҪϺ˵ȻϺҲ˵ֻǵƾžԲŻĵǵİɣ
ûϵҪʲô㣬ǱȫķϾˣϺɫǳϺѩڰοţǰ˵ĻҲûеġ
պҲӦǸСѧϰôľͽԼϲдˣǸС˵ʱҲǣ
ϺϺѩļ
Ϻѩص׵ͷõĽ㣬֪ˣ
Ժһģ
վԺ˵һ֮ǽ棬˵ôõĻҲǾÿڿʵĽˣĲˮ˳ȥ
ˮ븹ϺϺѩȴȻûκεĲ
ϺϺѩԺӣٶȾۺһ
ģǽĿ˵ҩЧʲôʱЧ
᲻˸ͲȥǺҩĲˮ
ϺϺѩΣЩͲסˣ˰ɣҪ֮ǰûϣʱҲͲˣһϣһֱ飬ϣԽҲԽԽߡ
ҪϺϺѩȵĻǿ̫ϧˡ
Ҳ޵ʧģ
Ƴһı飬İɣոҺ˵ôõĻǶȻڿʣȲˮʲô
˵ϺϺѩڿˣ˵ôһÿڸҪһЩˮˡ
ͷһٶʮİɣ
ʱܴԸˣ
ҪȻҪٵȲĻھȥţʱ̵Ĺעŷ˵ĶѰҺʵĻ֣
ЩˣҪȥϢˡ
˲֮Ұɣ
ܵĳ˰֣ûʲôͱˣ
Ҫ룬Ӧôȥ罻飬ôȥɱ˲ȡѪ
ǿǰƷ޵ҴС㣬ҪҪҴС㶯֣Ҫˣ£Ҫһʵɺͻᡣ
ЩĲɵӦ죬Ҳûж˼˷ʱ䡣
Ҵҽ֮뿪
쿴ȥıӰޱȵļٶ۷ȥϺѩϺԺ棬ȷӦԺǱţʱ̵ĹעһԽûĶ
һǷҩ֮ҩЧַˣԼȴ˸ôõĻᣬҪ˸ˣ
̫ˡ
첻ɵʿˮӰѸٵĵϺϺѩǽǴλøոպã̫ۣĪĽźͿܡ
档
ϺѩֻͻȻ¸ǾܣĲֻЩ߳ܡ
ϺѩĵƳһϺԥ˺þȴʼնûнԼĻ˵ڣֻǻΪһ̡
š
ϺѩѾٿˡ
ȴҲǿƲסϺѩû뵽ǣԼС̳֮ڴϵϺҲ֮һ
ңԼ̵Ҫ
Ȼ
ϺѩǲǰվϺѩߣ㣬ôˣ
ԶˣϺûע⵽Ϻѩϵı仯񿿽˷ȻʱϺϲɵøĨ糺죬һ˫ӯӯͬˮһ㣬һȪһ㣬˵޵¡
Ϻϵı顭
ʵǡ
һѾ
ϺѩʳڵʱȴЩ˻ƵģϵϺȻʼԼ´ˣѩ
Ȱ
㣬Ҳúȡ
ô°

1364 ˸

1364 ˸
ϺѩϺ˶δµģõʲô
ԭϺѩΪֻԼЩͬѰķӦͣû뵽ϺҲǺԼͬķӦѵͻȻůˣ
ǲŻȡ
ҪȻȥɣǴһ
ϺѩҪȥһ´ϵȣǲ룬ǽǱߵ˵ȴдϲǲϺѩȥֱһ档
ϺѩͻȻЩȣ΢΢ŭ졭ʲô
תԲɣ
ƤҩĲ
һһûûˣǵԺ浱ʲôˣ
ԶһвУ
ϺѩǲãҪŭĺǳģû뵽⻰˵ʱȴǱڸˣǡ
֡

١Σ
ôһڣϺѩԼԼŵˡ
Լô£
ôԴأ
ҡǰһԼ죬ǲʱ˵ЦݣϺѩǳڱܵҪȥܾЩԾġ
ϧ
Ǳʲôģôܾô׵ĸϺѩƿԼĻᣬȫȻϺѩԼ˼ԵǰץסϺѩ֡
ֱԴżӵĴסһǵĸоϮϣϺѩ֮º촽΢ţΪҩЧķϺѩ΢ЩӳٻķӦʱҲûǰǿҡ
һе֣пһ־ջ

дϵϺ񡭡
Ҫ졣
Ⱦ֪ϼҼĸãȢôﲻ˵ôŮƫƫЩŮò˸Եģз飬һСһ㣬Ʒ
ϺϺѩԽû
ϺȵĲˮҪ磬࣬ҩЧӵЧϺѩԣϺѩץס֣ҪѿȴǲôѲ
ԡ
Ӧ˵
Ӧ˵ʹ
û
ϺѩȰŴϵϺ񣬱ҪϺ񿪿ڰæģȴִϵϺķӦºˡ
ҩЧǿϺѩδ£ҲΪʲôϺķӦͱˡ
ǡ
ҩˣ
ϺѩΪŭԽĺ졭㡭
ôң
ôҶҩ
ǿǼҪΪĴڣϼҼǰĺˣǿ죬ǾԲܱôƽ׵ŵģ
촽һĨЦĿϺѩ㾪ʧģû£
Ź˽Ͼͺˡ
˲ǽϺ˹

Ϻѩһл˴Ϣ
ֱֱĵҹĻʱֲŽͣ
ϺѩϺ񵽵ǽŮƽʱʱҲû̷̫ŵϰߣˡ
˴ڷöûгҲûб˸ˡ
ĴѣЦŵĳŷȥⱲӣȻЩʱǺҵģЩʱȴǺֵܷõġ
ͺñ֮ǰɺ
ڵϺϺѩϼ£ҲҲģǿŴ޵Ѫʱ˶ֵˡ
Ǿ仰ĵҲһ㶼١
Ը⣡
ʱϺϺѩҩЧѾȥۿкˮҧгݵĿ졣
죬ɱ㣡
ϺѩҪˡ
δõԭǼƴǵϵģ
Ͼƴ㣬ķ绪
ӣǿһ۶̲סϲĽģοϺѩϾҪΪƴǵŮˡ
ϲ׼ڡ
ȫûˣ
ȫˣ
ȫˣ
Ϻѩ޲ýǧУҲ˲ôˣֱӳҪ뿪챼˹ȥ
˷ſڵٿվס˽ŲеϷŰ͵óԽԽࡣ
ֱӽϺѩץסٶȿһǰķ⣬ǽ֮ǰԼ˵Щ˸һһϺѩϺǰ˵˸ϸ
ɱң
Ŀǲм𣿡
֮ǰҵҪͣʱ򣬿ɲġ
ô
Ǿò𣿡
췴ĵϷϺѩǷ۵գĲԼĺۼǳɾ͸У
ǻ쵰
Ϻѩå̼ˮԽԽ࣬ҧ޲ýһǻҧˣ
ɱ
һˣåһϷŰĿϺѩϵľȺͲʣ
ϺϺѩöʧ죬ô̼־Ϣ֪ϼҺڵ˵Ϣʱ򣬻ʲôһı飿

1365 ʵ

1365  ʵ
ţ
һĳϺѩƽǶϺѩŭȫȻںҲ£һῴϷĶ㱨޵ġ
Ҿһ˾ˣνǽûҾˣҲ
˵˵ҪǺϼҺڵĵǷһոڴϵɧ˼ģһ᲻ܺ棬ҲҪ

ϺѩıסԼԴס˶䣬ͼҪס˵ЩĻҪӱʵ
ܽܡ
ϺѩᣬĿĵĵ죬ϵϺȴǹϵĿڣѩ
죡
ϺȻûϺѩӦңȴҲҧӲĽڶȥ
һΡ
ˡ
ʧ׵ѾʵڲģȴҲûа취飬ʧȥ˵ʲôҲܻˡ
ɱҲС
˵ûҪǵ˳ȥǲһıˡ
Ϻ޺޵ץµĴ齱죬˼ľһ˫ۣǴеļô֣ߡ
ˣٺȥôҲֻϺѩѡ
ԣǽǸսƷһռУûаĵط飬ҲֻǶŮӿ̡
˯ȥҲֻ˵
ǶϺϺѩȴû˻мƱݺǴֻǻһζָ˵ظ
ѾҪΪƴǵĹˣȻβסįȥ˹ϵ
ǴƵŮӵΪѡ
ܶʱǲܺߣȴƫƫζǵϡ
Ǵ̫١
ǳ̫á
ȵȡ
ϺϺѩ˻ڵĵزѾǱˣִݣ˿һ޵ĳǲ֮ء
һֱǷϣлȥĻʹΪʵĸ֡
Ҫųȥû˻ᣬĸŮպҲûзĻˣǿɲһӵҸҪǲڵõϼҼ֧֣ȥĻʹΪĻ³綼ᱻϼҷ˸һһʰˣ
ʱҡ
Ѿ˽֮زǰƶġ
ϺϺѩִܲƶ˵̶ĸоǰѪܵİǵǰǳΪǵĽѵǾԲܳΪһ³ϾôҲǷģȴʲôûУʲôûлõأ
㡭
ϺѩϺĻֻ֮ú𾪣ǲʵ˫ˮĿϺ񣬺ΪԼһѵϺʹôŹ죿ʹôƽ޹ʵıӶף
ռ˱ˣ
Ϻѩܽܣ
ǲϺȴǼŭ֮Ǽ̣



Ϻ֮ȻЦиǶ΢΢˾壬Ȼ²һûϺѩϺõͶԼôһⲻֻǽܵˣպõʱҲǿٶϺϺѩһġ
뵽бӸЦҲԽ

ððѩȽ϶£Ҫѧϰĵطкܶ࣬ѧѧǳɴµģ
˱˻ԣߵʱ򻹲һϺѩֱϺѩϺ޲ɱ˵۹֮£ҡڵ뿪Ժӡ
ҪȥǰֳԼĳɹҪͬȥҪҩ⻹һ¶ֻԼܵ˻õҩ
һ˫ĺ飬ҪԺõҩҪô򵥵ĻǿҲԸʹ˳Уִ˲ƣġ
ҡڵ뿪ϺѩȴѾﵽ˱ıԵŴϵϺ㣬Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪˣ
ΪʲôҪ
ӦðֱɱӦýǧвǣ
Ϻѩ˻ߣģǱϵǴʹϺ˫ۡ
Ϻ񻺻۾ͬ˸⣬ȴǱϺѩǿ࣬ȻȴǸļᶨǱˣѵ㿴𣿡
ԷǵԾĹǵſǵЦԽǵʱԽҪǿԽҪ˵ʲôöԷ⣡
öԷģ
ѵףӱٵ˾ֻϺѩ

ϺҲܺߡ
˻ţȴҪĹģǿԸԼ⣬ȴܡ

1366 ɹϲ

1366 ɹϲ
Ϻѩ۽ǵĽëϣϺ˵ĻҪԣǲİôܾô׵ظأ
֮ǰȻϼҲһֱܳ谮Ĵڣûʲôίģû뵽һˣңҵ޷ܡ
Ϻѩ
ϺȴĿڣޡ
жʹǾҪٱĳǸݺǵϣһҪǲú
һҪģԲڡ
ϺᶨȻϺѩЩãȻ̧ͷһ˫ˮ۾ãؿϺиǴ޵㣬˵Ӧô죿
Ӧôźð
˭ݺǣĵ𣿡
µϺѩɵҲб֮ĳûе㲻ݵĳ̶ȵġ
ĵҲԲô
ûô򵥡
ϺƶҡͷǣȻ죡
ҪııһϵеĻҪıµĻôô׷òأ
鱳϶ǺĳıŲɷֵĹϵ
Ϻѩ˸⣬ֲ⼸ƵƵĳԼǰֲýʱԼ˵ôڹȥļɣԭ
һжֻΪʱͷɢԼע촴ᣬ˵Ĺ͵͵Ǳǵķ䣬ҩǿƵռǵ֮׼ˡ
׼ǲľô׵ķŹ֮λĽʹ˵ȥ
Ÿ˵ķ
֮ǰϺѩϺǶ̫ˣعҧԼȻҧ
ˣԺ󶼲ˡ
ҷһǱݺʱԺһҪú
ϺҧŴǿؽԼۿµˮĿԹޣϺѩĿϺķӦЩӦǾȻԼһٵδҲҸˡ
²شϺϺѩԺصԺҸȲõǰ

棬ӵĳ֣ĴǱ߱΢΢һĨЦݣ֪춨ȻǳɹˣȻ˳ӡ
ôΣ
żĨζζ
һڻش𣺡ܲ
ȷǲ
ϺϺѩƽʱŵʱСһĵ˴֮ȴ˵ĲУǰͺ̣һֱȡ
Ҫǿ׳㲻˵ģ
ɣ
ּʵ
ϵЦ΢΢һ˲̣ҡҡͷȴǲֱӿڱ㽫ȴӦĽҩ͵ǰ֮ǰӦĽҩš
ҪǻҪĻһ֪ͨ㣬ûʲôҪ飬㲻Ҫҵǰ𣿡
ҪǴǰܻеõļֵоֻǹߡ
ֻһˣ
ҲУ͹Ľҩӹȥĵͷãģû飬ǾԲᵽǰȥ㣬鷳ġ
нҩȥʲô
Ҳ˵ŰҲرҪԼģ
˽ҩԹԵҪ뿪뿪ıӰͻȻŶˣ֮пվȥչһϺѩϺðɣҲǻġ
ֻãΪɵĸҲ˯˲õ˻⣬ҪԸѾһһȦױˡ
ʣµıֻϼҼֻƴȽԶԸ˵ġ
ƴ˵ûʲôرĵĵطƴŹƳģؼ֣ƴҲгһձǹƳĥֻҵ⿪ƳĽҩֻߣƴǿԴԼõҩǱɡ
ϼҼ
Լô֪꣬ϼҼǸΨͼˣʲô鶼ֵͷֻҪҪõǳУҲͣԱɻ顣
ôһܿȷ˽ĿҪԸֻ
ݷϵƽ˺תƳ棬Ҳշˡ
ݷԼҲǿһˡ
ǡ
ǸѾˡ
ǸûʱݷǻᵣǸڱһЩ캦飬ˣ֮ڣݷҲûʲôõĵˡ
ϸݷѾܾöûмֻˡ
Ҳԡ
ݷ㻹նֻܼġ
ֻݷһֱڱȻЩӶڰбŲ룬ȴҲûйһ뿪ֻߡ

1367 㳤ÿ

1367  㳤ÿ
ǰʧʱǿΪֻܵܵߵģ¡ֻ֪ϲƴǣԼҲԼֻߡ
Ϊ
Ľ㡣
԰ԼĽ㣬԰Լ
ڲһˡ
ݷѾ»ָ˼䣬
պݷֱ㲻ʺټȥˡ
ۡ
Ѿָ۵ݡ
һ˫аȵһĿȴȻĳֻԺ档
ʱֻոս⿪Ƴ棬Ϣ˺üȬѰֽһ¹Ƴйص֪ʶȻҲݷ㣬ǻѧϡ
ڳԹƳ˽ʱһǺֿ֮ҲԼź뷨
ǲ롭
ֻո̤ŵʱ򣬱ͻȻǰӰסˡ
ʱݷ㣬Ѿ׵Ļָ۵òһĨɰ룬ۡ
ֻվԭء
֮ȴֽԼ˴ߵĻ˻ȥ
ݷָ۵òҪǰһӵĻֻǲʶģֻΪټݷĸҲֻܾôȫѹȥϲҲ۵ǰ
ǡ
ֻѵĿڣȴЩɳƵġ
ԭվֻǰȴһɨü֮ǳһ˫аȵһнĸһĨЦ⣬ҲǸϷŰϣϼʲôʱôÿ椣
ôǰûм
˵ʱ۲ǰ˲㵽ֻĸǰٿظֻǰһ˫ڵ˫Ǻһһ㣬˸⡣
үЦһЦ
ֻ
ꡪ
һɿ飬û뵽ôһŪ֮󣬱ͻȻЩЦ
̸ֻЦӸһ
á
Լ֮ǰôŬͶ۵Ĺûа׷ѣԼĵҲûз
ۻָ˼䣬Ҳû±֮ǰǰƫִģǡ
ѧ
˭ѧһװ
ֻûô̹ܵܡ
ܿƽֿʵĳԼǰֻǺܸ˵ģԼѿڶĹѹȥתʵҲϼҵˡ
ֻǹϼ͵ġ
Ǹأ
Ҫһֱϼңô֪ܲ˭
ֻһ˫ٵĿЦݣʶĽи˻ȥݷҲǸϣԭϼ͵İ
ֲ֮ǰûм
ǸղŻصϼҲأ
㣬㳤ÿ
һǷ飬Ц٬
ꡭֻ۵ĻЦأôʱ䶼ȥˣ
ΪʲôŻϼң
ʵҲǲŸոջϼңֻ֮ǰΪһЩЩ㣬ûг֣ҪǡĿתҪ֪ϼ˸ôƯĽ㣬ôκΪѵ鶼ҪǰģܺƯ׽׽
ҪֻͻһЩġ
۽ֻеϰˣǻ˸ݣһҲѿڶ˳ڡ
أôͻȻҵԺ棿ֻ΢΢ɫװûϳ۾ݷ㣬˵
򴽣΢Ƭ֮ĵЦŵĿڣⲻǾÿԺƯ㣬Ծû뵽汻ҸƼˡ
Ư㣬ϲ𣿡
ҪûУ鲻ϲˣ
˫ֲǰüֻ
ֻ۾ֹϲˣѾ˷ˡ
ϲ˵ǲȱֻȱ˸ܵܡ
ҵܵ߶ˡ
ܵܵʱ۵Ŀǽֻһ˲Ĺͱ۸ѹȥЦĿڣ߶˰ɣ
ϾƯôÿĵܵôأ
ҪҵĻôһƯĺý㣬һߵģǱʲôǣס˰ɣ
ȻûֱӰοֻȴǴӲȰ˵ֻҪ̫ģײСˣô߶ˡ
ֻ˼ĿۣҲɡ
ֻǣȻ֪ûʲôΣգȴЩǣпܵĻϣлվǰԸ𣬸ıءֻ̧⣬ƺ۵ϡ
۳Ƭ̣ЦЦлġ
Ưŵ𣿡
ǾͲƯæˣ
ȸˡ
ЦⲻģǳЦŵĿֻ¸ǲȥֻҪٿȥֻʹŵеį۾ͻ̲סҪֻ̹ˡ
綼̹׵ġ
ڡ
áֻ죬תȥ۵ıӰֻΪһкҪпգͬ˵˵˵

1368 ܾû

1368  ܾû
۱ֻδ˵ֻڰа˰֣ʾֻ֪ˣȥˣؼ
ߺֻȴǷĵ¶һĨЦݡ
á
ɲá
ΪݷСӻָ˼ܵûûˣ
ԭһֱڱ
ŸʲôķʽԼ
ΪԼò˸ı䣬޷»صԼߣǵڱЩ̲סôҪ³Լǰô
ҲԵİһЩ
ֻӿ˽ŲԺȥ
λʥּѾˣûµ۵ǻϢᴫţʱϼҼҪΪ󳼵һҲṫʱ򡭡
ƴǺֻȻǻϣʧ裬ҲûбҪټ֮ˣ
ǾͿҪˡ
֮ǰȥһ˵Ķ˵ȻԺ󻹲֪ûлᡣ
ʱԺŪҩݡ
ֻкţ𣿡
ֻ˵ͷݸЦţĻѾˡ
Ҫ˵һ顣
ۻˡ
ۻˣҲζǸֱйƵ˱ҵˣ
΢΢˸Ź
ֻﾪȵҲصĵͷԣֻѾ׵Ļָòʹǰܵʱȫһֻһңȴδϡ
ǲĻҲûͻ˵Żŵʱ²ˣʱûа취ˣԡƵ顭
Ϊòĸı䣬ֻûа취ڵһμʱϣǻɵģˣҪֻöˡ
롭
˳ġ
ңֻҲǾԵģҽǶԹƳ˽⣬ֻ˺ദʱﶼžԵơ
ϵĹƳ潻ȥоֻġ
ۼϼҼƣºܳһʱƴǶҪϼҼ࿹ˣƴһֱ֡Ҫô֣Ҫô˱㲻Լ»ģƱҪնݳ
һϼҼ˺Ҫһ˽ᡣ
ʱ䲻̡
ʱֻҲҪƴǵߣ»Ͼ˼ֻֻۣܽνˡ
ס
ֻĻ֮ϵıҲɫҪȥʲô㾡ȥ۵㽻ɣ
ûֻҲǶǹƳ֮ǵģԲŻ֪йƳĴ֮󣬱һֱоƳν⿪Ϊľгһճ׵˶ĵĶõʱиܵǣƳ֮
һᾡȥҽΡ
Ϊ֮ǰҲôĺãͬ˵ʱҪһЩ֮ĵģﱾЩͯڣ֪۵Ϊ¹֮۵ĹıӵĶˡ
ҲǴĵϣܰæۣ۽⿪Ƴ棬Щʱۻָˡ
ҾͷˣֻȻЦЦУ˵ĸ׵ǼǹǸͻȻŵص˵ģѵǶ˵ûаֵĲͻ𣡡
һֻҪϵģôһмѭ˵ƾʧʧһЩʲô׺Ԥʾġ
񣬶޵īŮˣ㱻ŪȥģҪҪƭ𣬾ǲȫ˵滰ҲЩ˿ġ
ģ˵ѵĻҲǰ٣Ÿ飬ܻƭԼȥƭˡ
ֻΪŮģҪȷ֪ĻԼ׵ʱ򣬻Ҫشһ
ΪŮȻûµġ
ֻǳĻʺ߸ƴǿĴڣ˵ԶһЩֶΣĴĵֻߡ˳ϻҵǸƭˣúõĳڶ
˹Ŵֻ֪һ˵Сž۵棬Եô¶ףҲΪŴϢҪЩʳڵĻᱻĿ
ֻƶƶĳֱزƽҲƶǸƭ˲ͨͨˣһҲʲôƵģ򡭡
һͨİǾԲײ˵ĵֵطġ
ֻѯʣϵı鲻ɵñüĸʾǵ˼ֻġ

1369 밵

1369  밵
ãŻ֣صĿڣʱȥ̫ˣҲǵˣҵհһֱǸҽΣȴҲûйĽӴģΨ
Ψһ㣬ǵڣһǼǵúĿϵ£Ǵ밵Ƶġ
˻
밵ƣ
أΪʱʵ̫ˣ˿ڵʱӷſ¡
밵ƲǳİǷͬ죬Ҳӡһֱڶûǣ
𺳵ˣֻֻ
밵ƣ
ֻЩȣȻ֪밵ζʲôڵȼɭϵĹŴȨϣܶļ嶼Լͼڣһ㣬ޣڹŴõ˼ң㲻壬ҲӦĳЩҴүõġ
򡭡
һͨϰգãҲò
뵽ŵӣϾȻ밵Ƶġ
ǵġٶȵ˵ͷҵǼҲǾЩȣϾ벢ǷƷǸ˵֮ȴ˵Լֻ̻֮ͨӣ֮Իᱻ׷ɱҲΪҿǼҵӣҪռˣ
ܰɡֻɻĿ
˶ġ
ȻϣܲԴˣǮ̻ϲвƽ
ǡĿЩӣǵʱҲδ룬ϾʲôݣǺûκιϵģҵʱֻҪκϵĲ֢
һҽ˵ҪɵսҲҽβ˵ĸӰ˵֢ˣ
ס
˿ܵʱĲ²ûģǸǵŸʲôıƵģ
ֻ֮кȻͬʱҲӿ϶֮ǰĲ²⣬Ǹ˵ŵʱ򣬵ȷǲģпܴĹĸҲпܡ
ϾʱĸϼҵļŮλߡ
ǡ
ˡ
˵ʲô׿ܣ֮ڣǷʲôĿĵأ
ǸĿֻ׼ȷ˵ıûʵأ
Ͼȥôá
̫ĿܵģǸˡûп֮Ǻĸ׼ģ
ʯ֮䣬ֻԺͻȻһͷĸǸſһ
˵ЩʱϼҼȷΪвģҪĴȥ𣬱ǰҲҪźףǺûãϼҼ㳹׵ķ
֮ҪѰһʵ̫ˣͺʹûʲô𣬿ҵʱϼҼҰǷȨƵ棬û˼ȥ䣬Ҳûȥҹ𡭡
ûȥҹ
͸ڻôһ˵ˣ
ֻةʵʱة˵żȻ֮ڴѩʱ𣬶еΪмةľ֮޸˺ôһ¶
ϼҼûȥûȥ׷ɱ𡭡
ȴƣԼո֮ϸ뿪ϸĻʱϸʱҲǲùģ׷ɱΪ˶׷ɱŲòϸ԰
ô
ҪôĻǲǿܡ
Ǹ׷ɱˣǵڹ׵Ǹأ
˳ȥ֮һŬ֮ҵ˵ǸĵˣһһЩǸĵ˵飬Ǹĵ߳ŭǲĴ׷ɱ
ֻЩԽԽǺпܵģ
ϾԸ϶ֻĸԸİģ
ӻŮˣ
еӰ
ֻЩý
ŮһԹûʲôϵ˭ûеأһӲϹβҪǡ֪Լƭ֮Ҫӱʰȥ
ǷծһҲ٣
һ˲䣬ֻͻȻԼǸû׺˧
ҪΪķ˿ˣ
ͬʱֻ΢Щŵץס֣Ŀ⾼˸⣺ܡû
ǻϵģֻΪĳЩԭ򣬽סĽŲܻǸŮ
ֻʮƶܣֻҪҵǸŵ˭˳ҵڣ
˵ĸŮĵģֻ״δ棬ǹѪȴնϵģʱ˿ֻ̣ĸоǿҡ

1370 ҪЮ

1370  ҪЮ
Ǿﻹû
ҲֻƶȵˣͬʱҲǺܾϲģҪǽ㵱ǻϵĻһõ飡
˵ǽûٶž۵һ죡
۽ЩʪĿֻǴĵøˣֻڵŮһҲֵˣ
׵Ϣһһʱ֪ͨģ
ã
á
á
˵ãиǸжֻͬ뿪ʱ򣬱ǶԼԺȥ
Ҳ֪ô¡
ǹƳתԻԼھƳĥ֮ǿԴ˶Ľҩ֮󣬾һźü춼Ƴ淢ǽ־ϲ

һ֮಻е˼롣
ů˼仰˵һû
֮ǰһҪԼѰҩȴЩƮƮȻ
ϵĹƳ治ˣ滹˲ٵĽҩСһʱ䰲ݣټǰոƷϺϺѩζ±ýˡ
쿴ԼԺ棬ҲûʲôԸԼȥֱӴԺŲϺϺѩԺӱȥ
ϺѩΪЩԱգ˴ԼԺ棬ʲô鶼ֻĿŴľɫ
ϺǺһЩȻûϺѩȻȴҲʹǰȻͬϾΪڽö˶ܵصĴ
Ϻѩɥʧ˶־ϺûУһװ׳ԿˣһΪѱҪԼԵĿȥųϺȴǺ޲ýǧ˵ģ
뾡һеİ취ҲҪ쳢ʹζ
ϺŸʲôķȥԸ죬û뵽Ժ澹ȻӰϺɫʱͳȻҳԼǰ
̫
ðԭŹѰһĽʰˣû뵽쾹ȻȲĹøǻˡ
ϺĿ˲书Ѿ˶ԲߣϺѩܵ˴̼һ㣬ٶȳԼԺʱûȵϺ񿪿˵ֱӷһĳ챼˹ȥ
ͬʱϺѩǳ䣬ֱֱĳ˹ȥ
ž
ıʱԺ
죬Ȼҹɱ㣡
Ϻѩһ仰ֱ˦űӵĳ˦˹ȥ
ЩȣܿķӦϺѩıץУȴûаֵŭЦӯӯĿϺѩʢŭģֻĪĿɰ
вǼûмģôң뵽˼ĳ̶ȣ
һû˵ֱűӳҹ˹ˡ
ϺѩĺΪŭģϸĨΣпԽˡ
ĺ޲̽Ϻѩڻкúõİһ
ϺѩɫеĳޣþȫҪѿĵ
˺Ů˵ƴڵģټ书ͱϺϺѩ书ߣϺѩĶ֡
ʱûбϺѩǱεĽУϺѩ˳ƱקС
Ϻѩһʱ˸򣬿ȴͻȻܵһ뻳ķ˱ǣֱѪ
ԣ
Һ㣬ûѽǳϺѩԽԽʹ죬ʱҲԽսԡ
˶ģԽսԵԽÿģ̼
ϺѩѾ˷ŭıԵ̼֮󣬱Ҳɺ죺ſңҪɱ㣬
ɱң
ʲô˵ЦһûзſϺѩǽϺѩõڻУһḧϺѩմţɱ𣿡
֮ǰڴϵʱɲô˵ġ
Ϻѩٶǰ飬ɵɺһĶȭߣǵ˱ĳ̶ȣϺѩסֽţȭ߾ͺһ㡭
ûа˺춼ۡ
ϺѩģϵĵԽˣϺѩĶߺţ˺ˣҪˡ
֪ң϶Ϊʲôôʱû㡣
Ϊʲôôʱû
ôȥغðɣ

1371 Ҫ

1371 Ҫ
ԣ˵Ĺ컹ҪϺѩֵ飬Ϻѩȴǳɾʱ򣬽ĳĳϡ
ž
Ǻ޷Ǳӱóգ˲һѪۡ
ϵЦݶʱɢֻʣ߳ŭ
ž
һ졣
ֻȴ췴ֳϺѩϣʱϺѩϸ۰ҲһĿĵѪۣ
ҧгݣˣ
㲻Ҫǲǣ
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ƾҲҪ빬ΪҲ䣿
ΪϺѩϺԸ˵ǳвֱץ˵ʹ
ϺѩɫĲҰϺҲϺѩӰԺǳ⣺죬̫
ɲ̫
ռϺѩϺıˣ첻˱ԣǼ˵ǰвˣ
Ϊ˸еܲܣ
Ҳ֪ǰô۾ϹˣȻϲε죡
ҪǻϺѩϺϣǸͲῴһ۵ġ
ôĵ˲ϲ
̫
ʲô˵ЦһЦŵĿϺѩϺ񣬷Ϊָҿû̫
ԭǸ߸˵Ĺǵģ̧̫ˣ
浱Ϊ뿪ǾͻˣǸǣܽźĸˣұŹǣ鴫ȥҶûаֵӰģֻǶǵӰ죬ٳΪûа취ϼˣ
ţһ뿪
ŵôĸһǰյĺܺãֻǴǰûлֳѣץϺϺѩʹҪ
Դ˹Ƴ֮Щб̬һ㣬ǰխˣӹ֣Ů˵ǰҲûаǫõģϺϺѩǳ׵ıĵģĵˣ
쾿ǶôҪ˵ֲҪĻ
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вȴǵȷˣֻϺѩѾ˻ţһ˫ڵиˮϺҪǵ汻ȥˣôźã
պҪˣ
ҪܶԵǵ
ǡ
ҪǾʹͷԺΪϺѩҲ治Ըģ

ϺѩĻţϺԵĳ侲࣬Ϻѩʧ̬ģϺƬ֮˾ϣϺѩҪԼȥ
ĳıӰڡ
ã
죬ȥߣ
ȥǰúõĽݺǣҩ˵һȥ
ҪǲȥͲˣϺԺ𣬸ǴһȥҲҪһļƣǺôҲǼȥΪˣ֪˵ݣȴʹƲݺǣ
鱻֪ˣûˣȻ˶ǣǹȻսϣҲûнУ
Ϻҧݺݵ˵ߣھ͵ǰҪһ
۸ˣҲȥˣ
׻˵ĺá
ӲģӲ²Ҫġ
ԽԽס˰ѱҪЮţԽԽ޼ɵ˵һξеڶΣԶûֹ
᲻ϵĶȡֱ֮ᷳ󻹻һĽϺѩϺö˸
ΪϺѩϺһεЭõ㣬ҲΪϺϺѩһõԶʧ˵ǰϺһ㡣
һεǽ֪±찵ɹˣ֮ѵʱȴٱвȥ˵ģ
˵ˣ
ΪϺĻס˽ŲϺ񷴵ŭ죬۾ȥģһʱ֮Ҳǲ֪ôźá
޺޵
ǷｻС
֮ԳԺ棬ֻҪвϺѩϺԼĻúõźԼɲԼĵϼҼǰʰ
ԭδ˵СԵвһ¾ڣǴˡ
룬ϺѩϺãǲӲˣ
ҪĽִˣ˭ã

1372 ڣ

1372 ڣ
㿴㣬ʲôֻǺ㿪Ц𣡡
ϺŭվԭأһֽϺӰסˣĺţ
ϺƳԼ֣ʶȤɿϺ񣺡һе鶼˵ŭ
㣬죬óһѾǽö˵ԲеڶΣİɣϺҧгݣǴ³ô仰
˴˾һҪʶȤǴԽ鵱ûзҪټ֪ôǾһɢҲ˭Ҳã
ϺºݻԭŵϺѩеãҲ˲˹
֪ôԲܱ¶ĻŵҲ̸Ϻ̬ȣǳ죺죬ùǵߣǻȥҲҪᣡ
ϺѩϺһ˼һʱ֮䵹ǽʧ⡣

ԭųȴٶȺúõһû뵽ϺѩϺȻô־
á
Ǳ
߾ˣߣЦݣϺϺѩ̬Ҳһ֮ǰľӸ£Щֺðͽ˼У棬ȴǽö˸˸顣
Сˣˣֻպһˣ
֮ץסģôúõʰСˣ

ϺѩϺǳ֮£ˣ뿪ϺѩŸиô˵Ĺ򣬱ѾǺ󱳴죬ʪˡ
ҪǸոաոټһĻǽö˾һˡ
㡭ǵӦô찡ϺѩۿˮֿĿϺϺѩ棬ȻǽϺ񿴳Լ̣·ֻҪϺڣҲûôµˣ
һôĸԸ뿪ġȥıӰϺƶĿڣҪ˶ãͻ
һҪٴιв֮ǰȽʰˣ
˵һξͻеڶΡ
ʱϺƾԼ侲ˣǿߵʱǸĵģϺףһô׵ķģ
ҪǺˣҲǲô׵ϺϺѩõġ
ҪȷˣռȻ
ãȱģǽȥҲȲ۸һεģ
룡
ϺټǿɵҲŮˣһʱģԺҲǾһƬհףϺҪ侲ʱ䣬Լ侲һʱ֮󣬾һİ취ˣ
Ϻѩſ촽ֹĿϺǰģĵ˵ͷá
Ҳڵͬһ㣬ӦȥΪϺֻȴϺѩû֣̿ǸоЩûʧʧȥ˻ȥϣˣ
߷߲ƽ뿪ϺѩϺԺӣɫԽ
һ˰˲˵㱻ϺѩǸС˳һϣոΪ˼ںϺϺѩûע⵽³֮ϻۣҪҸطйˡ
ͻȻԼ˺ʧܣ޷ʵ
ʱ컹Լӵȫ磬ͻȻϺϺѩôһԽûԷԼǽͱ֪ϺϺѩȥ

Ǵ䡭
ܵĽˣϺϺѩﲻУ͸ȥˣΨʣɡ
ɵʱ΢΢Щɵġ
֮ǰΪ˴õҩʱѾ˺һˣȻ沢ǰɣǱϾŮ˵ΨɶԼĵϲһ֪֮컹еġ
űķϣͿϲԼ棬Ͳһδε˺ɣǡҪȥɵĻ
ˣ
һᡣ
ѾǲҪˣͽҪ°ɣ
Լһأ˲ŲֱӳɵԺ汼ȥ
Դ֮󣬱һֱڴϣղԲȣսݣϼҷ˼ԼŮ۲ѣҪǿĸιһЩʳѾˡ
ʱ򣬿ɵԺŵ˲ɵЩȡ
ʲô
ŮʹѾͷȴҲЩҴǧǣȺӵŵģǰɵԺֻһȵѾߣһʱȴԺ治ٵˣϼҷҲݰݵĴԺ

1373 Ȼ

1373 Ȼ
ϼҷ͵͵Ĩһʱ֮ûзӦôֱӵĺϼҷ˴˸档
Ȼ
δʳɵǳʲô飬Ƽϼҷԭϵı˲ת˷ŭݺݵĿԼð
СӾȻ
ϼҷҧгݣ˵Ĺֱӵĳ칥
δ˵ʱϼҷҲ书ģȥϼҷ˵书ҲƾС
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㿴ҵɶʲôģȻɶǰ
Ķɶ£㵹ǺãȻҶҵɶ֣ϼҷһǻҪҧˡ
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ˣ˵
ˣˡ
пԵģпԵģ
챻ֻϻۣƫƫϼҷ˵ǺְܷԼܺϼҷ˶֮֡࣬Ҫң
ˣס֣һᣡ
Ҳԩİ
ģ˵˾Զľ롣
ᣡ
Ҳ֪ԼôˣʲôùڣϺϺѩԿͰˣҪϼҷ˲ɷ˵ĸһͨ
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ȴҾôߣϼҷ˷ֱԼĸĸˣ
ȻŮ˵ϵʱǱȽϻĺͻ˵ģԼĸĸǰȴµģҪΪԼԼĸĸѴˣ
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ʲôԩĵط
ɫϼҷҧгݣɶʮĸʼһǲ˼еķҲ˵ʲôҪ޸㣡
ûʲôϢֻͨĳϵĶҲͰˣ书츳Ҳ㲻㣬Ҫǣ滹һֱǶͲϲɣ
ϼҷ˾;첻ףӦɵҪ󣬸£ͲסɵҪ󣬶ʱֲϼңҲʵϼҷŵͷ
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ҪʵĻ䣬е鶼˵˸ţϼҷڻڹ棡
⼸죬ϼҷһֱæչɣûйȥ죬쵹ãôɶǲŲʵģֱ졭
죬Լŵģ
㣬ֻҪһһ죬˺ҵɶ
Ҫ㳥
ϼҷ˽ô꣬ɲΪ͵ǰίģϼҷŭ壬ϴֺõЦݣȷϼҷ˴򲻵Լľ֮£ϼҷġ
ˣ쵱пԵģҲҪһеɶ˵˸һᣡ
ɱ˶ҲҪһ粵Ļᰡ˵ǲǣ
һɶǰԳĻᣬɶԭɣ˵ĿС
ϼҷϵı΢ЩɣҸ죬ñҪˣʲôУҪ㵨˺ɶĻһŹ㣡
Ȼĸϼҷ֪ġ
ڵɶǼǺҲãҲգĵϲģ򡭡ҲΪıѶڵ޿ˣ
ŮӱΪĸգΪҵȥĻᣬϼҷҲԸԼǰ˵Ļģ
ã
Ҿ͸һλᣡ
ҹ
ϼҷĵʾţҲȷûϼҷʧڸո̤뷿ŵһ˲ͨһĳŴϵɹ˹ȥ
һݺݵĳԼһƣɶҲˣ
ҸҶԲҵĸ飬Ұɣ
Ұɣ
۽ǵƳϼҷˣϵĶȴǲδֹͣдʣ֪ҸôҳͷңҶĸԸֻǧҪԼȥ
ɶ۾ңٿһۺòã
ɳƵЩʣǲ봲ϵȴһܴɵϸܵľһֱ׷Լôô
޿ɣ컹ͷһμ
ɶɶ۾˭ˡϼҷ˸ŽŵĿŴϵɣϣӦǲ룬ôϿҵĵǸʼֲֻϼҷ˿ڣϵķӦҲû̫΢׵Ĵ΢΢ڣȴ˵һ֣

1374 վס

1374 վס
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ĸӣȴͨһĹɵĴǰɺϼҷ˵۹⣬ץסɵֱ֣ӳԼ˹
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ǲȴǽԼ쵽ϼҷ˵ǰҽϵЩ쳣Ҳϵĳİɣ
ϼҷ˺ɵĿ죬һǿԻɣ鿴һҲʲô飬϶֮£ĴȻ
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˻
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ϼҷ𾪣ɵõһҵڿϼҷı֮£ҲɵýӲĻתãȻĿϼҷˣȴϼҷ˽˵Ľ͡
Ϊʲôôң
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Ҳû뵽ɻԼĸô
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˸տʼǺ޲ýǧ˵ģҾɵ棬ҲǴⲻ˵ʲôĻˡ
û뵽Ȼ˵𺳵Ļ

Ƶ˹һ𣿣
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ǰʱŵȷݹɳӻУȻϼܵӰ첻࣬ǱϾڵģ˭ĺùأЩƳǶô˶ôбϼҷ˺ɵ涼ס
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ҡ
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صĴͷûȥɣȴǻϵıǸӣ㡭
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Ҫ쵱ſԱ¹˲ŲòܵвĻôĶִҲпԭҲǸʮˣ
ϼҷԭļᶨ˲俪ʼҡ
ɿҲԥ
֪ȤɺϼҷڳĬҲײܽ˱Ƶ̫ˣֻʵ䷴̧ͷԼ۽ǵʪ
ԭҪһֱȥײ棬زٴվǲġ
Ҫ֣͹ûʲôϢԼҪ˰ɣ

1375 һҪ

1375  һҪ
ɶúñأ
ȻĴӵǽŲĳŷȥȥϼҷ˺ɵı飬Ҫȥһ
Ȼ
Ƭ̣ϼҷȴٿؿڽס죺վס
Ļ
ϼҷ˾
ָŮ˼Ըʲôģϼҷ˺
ɶĸʱϼҷͼϧʱûܳɹֺοɶѾ֣ԼҲǽ졣
ܶϼҷȻû𣬿Ⲣϼҷ˵Ͳ
ֻûа취ˡ
ĸ֮֮Ϊ֮Զ
ϼҷ赲ɣֻ龫ǵİæȫı
ǵ˹ƣҲȫް취ģո˵ýҩв㣿
ϼҷƺץ˵ص㣺Ҳ˵˹֮нҩģ
סŲĿ⸴ӵĿϼҷˣ˵ͷš
Ǹҩǲǳ׸ΣֻһʱأϼҷҪʹһЩҲҪһЩһӱֱܷصĵط
¶ԥҲ֪ǸεĻһʱӦһʱİɣ
ҽҩʱǰմģûг׵ĸεģҾͲ֪ˣӦеİɣüĽ
Ǹ˵Ĺϵôĺã˼ȻƳ棬Ҳһн⿪İ취ġ
ֻ˵ǸƵѾˣŶ֪顭
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һжδ֪
ôԴУ
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Ǹ۸ˣ
ŵʱϼҷ˱ֻᷳǸʱϼҼϧûа취ϼҷ˲ọ̀ڲһˡ
ǸСӾȻ˷ˣԼͷϣ
첻ôãҲԼδŮȻԼδŮԼŮһͲ̡
ο
ǺƵеĹϵģ
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֮ǰܹƳȺֻҪ˭Ƴ֣޲ҪڵĵǸ̻ˣôմȾƳҲͰˣҺǸᡣ
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ϼҷ֪ǣһˣ
ǸСӣȻţһϼҷٿɵǰİοɣɶ㲻ҪѹϽ
ģĸһһǸСʮٱĳ㣡
죬ұһ˵ĻҪպ㵨ƭɶһΣĸ׵һ׵Ĺ㣡ϼҷĿĵĿ죬ʮ㣡
ǣлϼҷ˵Ļͣæĳϼҷ˵ͷ̬ȺǹģҪһõƳĽҩԺһúõĶԴɶܵ˺ģ
ҪܳɹĽ⿪Ƴ棬Ҳ̥ǵ»һˡ
ҪһΡ
ҲԸɺúõȥ
ϼҷҶ̬Ȼ⣬˵ͷȻǸСӸţôҪ־ǱҪһУҲûзĻᣬ綼ǻ
ϼҷ˿ڶԸϼҼ治ôо飬ǶԸŮ棬Ǻóġ
ô꣬ϼҼߵŮ˺ҪϼҷֶβߵĻͲһλô꣬ȷǷޣǼǷô
ҲûܵõĻᣬԶֻǸԶԲ˳ԶǰҪͷ
ϼҷ˵ĻҲͬģǵģˣ֮ǰҲôģ֮Ի踺صĴߣֻҪҵҩҲҪһǸС˱𣡡
ȻôԴҺɶһŹ
ǰͶҪҪϼҷ˺ɵİæĻɹļʾͻֶ˼ֻ֣˲ֿȥϣȻϼҷ˷ڵġ
ʵˡ
ߵѾ߶ҲǺǣһֱѰһҪʰǼ֣ıһõĽ취޷֮հɣ
һ㵹ϼҷ˺Ǿȡ
ô꣬һֱǹؾصģҲǺҳϣǵڣȻҲҪ
жôȱѽŻ䵽³
Ҫȷɾ֮ϳĻʺһ֮ͬأ

1376 һ

1376 һ
ϼҷ˵ļƻ֮һ⣺˵ĺܶԣȷӦˡ
ȻѾ˾ϣٺòˣʲôҪͬ˵ܰһᾡİæдǡ
仰һɹģҲȥĺͶ罫¸˽ˣҹζ࣡
첻ɵдϲϼҷǧлߵʱֿϸɶңһҪҡ
ҽ֮һúõĶ㣬һҪٸһλᡣ
ǰɣȻӦɵĻ£ȴʼնǲֵģҲûҪôúõĺɹȥֻһһǾô֮ͻȻãƺɾƽƽ߹һҲʲô¡
룬ҪڵõĶ˵ġ
˵Ĺ컹ֻɲ۽ǵˮǷˣȸˣ뿪ľˣǻɻġ
ãȥɡ
ϼҷҲûж
Ӱ֮ϼҷֽĿ߷ɵϣȰ۵Ŀڣɶտʼʱĸױ㣬ǲֵиģȴĸ׵ĻҪһ˼ϣµзҲûлˡ
Ѿ£Ҳ죬Ѿ˾֪ˣ
ʱɼǷڣҪѰˣ¶ǲˣǷɳȥˣϼҷҲ᲻õġ
ܹûٻͷ·ˣôֻҧסأһ˼ؽǰ·ߺãĸ׻Ȩİģ
ϼҷ˵ĵҲΪĸΨһܰŮˡ
һֱĬɺҵйһͻȻޣίſϼҷ˵ĻУĸס
ϼҷۣȵļ򣺡ûϵɶ֪治ʹ죬˺ܴί޾;ܿ޳ɣҪӦĸף޹֮һҪЩ׿
˻һ˳˳ˮȥģ㿴ĸײҲڿ֧𣿡
ѲҪȥӦνЩѸ˷ӦպҪߵ·û˿һ˳Ҫ̶ͬȵѵģֻܲҧصĶȹȥ
ȹȥӮңҪǶȲȥǾһͿˣ
涵ĿϼҷˣصĵͷʵĿڣ֪ĸףлл
ҪûϼҷһֱʼոԼ߹Լǰ󲡣ֱӲȥˣ
ҲǺǵˡ
ʰľޣϺϺѩãųɹ
ҪٸὫֻƴҲƹȥĻպھû˭ɵĶˡ
ǾȻԼոյõϼҷ˺֧֣Խ˼ֵҲûֱӵĵԺȥѰҶһ£ձֱӽˣҲԼĥˡ
ǸСˣȴΪƳǶԼȥֻöģ
첽˶Ժ棬ֱҵ˶˵ԼĴ⣬ĻҲɵúϲʲô˵ϼҷҲԸһԸ
Ǹ̫õϢ˰
ԭľԽҪԸԽá
ЩصͷǣҲҺɵĹϵʲôģϼҷôܲأ
һͷİɣҾڶķѾˣӦþʵʩļƻǣҪ˷ʱˣҺϼҷȫġ
˼֮Ҳصĵͷ˵ĺܶԣҲʱˡ
ʱ䲻컹Ƕޱȵķݵ˵ʲôҪʲô˶ǼϣΪľپԣʱҲȷЩڶҲǴǰĿ̣ǽչ¶ԼҰĲʱǸһõʱ
ҪǴʱ򣬵عСĽĻôǾҲûлˡ
ȥһʺϾڣ
ݺݵҧŴ˸ľݣƬ֮һļϡ
Ժ۲һһСؼĶ
ǳעʱĵﵽֻԺΪȾѾֻҽк¶ֱӹҲûбֱӾͼֻ
ʺ֮ǰū澺˵ڿԿʼˡ

1377 

1377 
û˵ϻͨһֻǰĿȻĿڣ󷿼һĬƺֻʣ˵ĺ
ֻĿ΢΢Ƭ̱صĵ˵ͷá
Һȥ׼ţҪʲôһ㣬Բʧģ
˵ǸѾˣһֻһֱɻģϾûۿǸ˳ʲôӣҲûۿģʲôʼգǸƵҲֻǰֻ޴Ӳ֤
ֻǣƴǻݷڵĹƳȴûаֵĺת˵ҪѾ˵ĻĹƳҲ֮
ֻ˥ߡ
ܲỹάŴǰӡ
ԣƳҲ⡣
֮ǰֻһֱ²ǲֻҪˣôƴǺݷڵĹƳ֮⿪ˣȻûлȥ֤ܹҪ˳ץ˵ϢĻҲδⲻһ£
նݳ
ִֻʱ򣬿С˵ѧһǵ˹ŴûκξǰҲӦˡ
ӰٶѸٵʧֻ֮ڡ
콥ĺ
ڵϢǱѰƽʱء
Ũҹɫһīһ㣬ĻҹɫףǱٵǰϦһ㣬֮ǸҵĿŭ
ڣ˵ÿ˸˼ܵ˵ҶǸͼҹעƽ
ڶϵϼҷ˺ֻ죬ҪԸʱҲͼԼ˳
ӦԼ˳
ѪƵ˶ڣѾ˵Ƕˣĳ˼תʱƳٱԽ硣
¶棬ԭе˼Ѿʣˣֻһɳ׵תΪ磬ѪƳ׵Ŀƶ֮󣬶Զʧˣ
ܺһˣ
Ĩһ𣬶Լ˵ҲǷġ
ҪҴСѪ֮ǰҪͽɹǱܾٴΣҲԸȥԵģһΡ뵽һ취
ھǡ
ۣ
ŮڸǸеģݵʱ򣬱ӻЩġ
ţһʱҲǶĪռģʱȷĸܵ۵ϲ
ܣ˱ûв֪׷۲ţʼնҪ䣬ָ֪ǰ㺡
ǣȴܿġ
Ҳϲ˵ģ֪ŮӶ֮ʲôͱ顣
п˵Լһģһı顣
ֻǵʱ۵ֻԼ۵ΪҲǺŵģԲһֱûȥ۵ϲ෴ãϲһ£˵Լ۹á
ԼϲҲǱŮϲġ
۵ֻԼĪһԽС
ǰǴǰڡ
ڣ۵Ϣƭȥɾ裬ܳиʱȡˣ
磬ˣ
ϸƼ֮ڻĳһӰЩĻŭţĳ籼ȥ
ԶӰǰʱҲǹЦݵģôˣ
ʲô𣿡
صĵ˵ͷȷҪģǹȡСѪ顣
ŶĿǴż־ϲġ
Ѿ͵͵ĸȥԼǰţٹʱᵽ︰Լˣʱұʱͷɢע㣬ǵ˰һУ
𣿡
˵Ĺһ磬̽ŵѯʡ
ڻδ׵ȡ书Ҳǻ˺ܶĽɣҲ֪ܲĶ֣
ЩԥҧŴǡ
ȴע֮¿϶ĵͷû⡣
֮ǰʱһûа취ֱӶ֣ĸʵ̫ˣܶ棬绹ǺܺÿƶģΨʱ򣬲Ŭûа취ö˺顣
Ͷˣ
ڲһˣ
ôõʱ䣬ҪټϵĻһܳɹ

1378 Ϯ

1378 Ϯ
֮Ӱ˲ʧ֮УڰԶӰҲǻĳƬֵС
ҶݻƣƮƮڵϡ
뱾㸰ģ۵Σǲ˵ĿдԼҲǺģתһ룬Ҳ֪Ǻ˾ȻΪвԼֻһʱ档
书ҲǸ̳ˡ
Ȼ˸Ҫ۵϶ֽţǸ˲š
ԡ
ˡ
һµĲݻƵҶиĿ
վ֮еȺü΢΢ϡǡϴС㣿
˭ء
û뵽Ȼ
Ҳԣֶ˵ǿǻĪģ֣˵¶ģûˣĻ֮ˡ
֮۵ʢʱһֺۣοء
ô
ʧ֮ʵ֣ҪŪʲô۶
촽΢΢һĨȣЦĿɫ԰ףǺܿıֿٵĽԼϵĲøѹȥС㣬ˡ
𣬱ҿҡ
ʲôֱ˵ɣҲ֪Ҵŵʱæ
ûаøС
ǰǡ
ܾĪαû취ܲסϲ鲻αǺԼûһëǮϵģԼҲҪȥ˾ˮˮڲһˡ
ĵԼǰˣǲͲᡣ
ĿܣҲ֮УûмЦĿȥԼϵı飬ЩĿȻСʹ죬ôҲǸĥˣֱʵʵ˵ˡ
мҪСæ
ۡ
Ļ̲סֱЦ˳㵹ǳʹ졣
ֻǣƾʲôһ㣿
üЦŵĿ⿴ǸǵһĨĻȡ
˵Ͱ
ƾʲô
ƾ֪۵Ϣ
治˼Լ֪۵Ϣ
治һ١
С㣬Ȼֱ˵˵ϣæĻôƱҲʮİһܾģҲûбҪǲǣЦŵĿŲ롣
ȴͻȻϢþֵܾкһΣյϢڳԼƽ
С
ϵЦʵ̫ˣ
뿴ʲôǳ⣬ȴЦŵĿŲ룺һһҴСȫ
ʲô۾ȻϻǺʱ䣬ȴѾľ裬Ŀܵһ˿һķ紵ݶûд
ĵģбġ
Ȼ˱ûʲôòĵطĻвСģš
ǸĻģһ˵ʲôʲô
ѵҪԼ
˼Ƭ̣ǲɵõ̧˲ȴֱӳȻֵӰȥ
Ҫ͵Ϯ
ǵ⡣
Ǹ书ͣǸᣬҲԲԼĶ֡
ο⻹֮£͸Ҫ͵Ϯɹˣ
Ȼ
봽СŷȴǺܿĽӲϣҪȥ֣ҲӲĶסеĶɵıĿűͻȻֵһӰ
졣
ǡ

ԼˣҲŹ
ôϢ
˫ֱͣڰУȻδȲ뽫ֳ׵ջʱ򣬱ųԼߵĶǾȻ΢΢һĨЦĻȣЦݡǹ졣
ꡪ
һֱֱ̣ĳŲĿڴȥ
ѪʱӲĿڴ˳
˫ɴǲţ㡭
ǰ˲Ƕκεһˣ붼裬𾪡
ƫƫԼǶ
С󣬺Լһ𳤴Ķ
벻š
벻Ŷһ𣬲ҪȡԼ
ţ
Ϊʲô
Ѫδδڵϣڶиһ޵ջ׼ʱĿڴЩѪռҪֽߵͬʱȴǱĽ壬ֶá
Ϊʲô
ΪѪ˵ʵջ̫ˡ
ҪлҵĻҲһԸҵģ԰ɣ
϶Ҳǲ뿴ôʹࡣ

1379 㲻Ƕ

1379 㲻Ƕ
£Ц˳ЦݻҶУҪж졣
ؿϵѪĵ䣬þȫŽѿҲǸӣ㲻Ƕ
ȴƶ
ȻǰˣźͶһòϻ˵ķʽ棬ǺͶżĲͬģ
ҪǣǾԲ˺Լģ
Բᡭ
ǰ˲˺ԼҪԼǺһ
þȫҪٵ뿪֡
ˡ
ǧû㵽Ȼð䶫Լһ
ؿϵѪԽԽֻ࣬ԼʶЩɢҲŽģ
ŲȻߣЩˣżĿʱȴϣǰȥץסģҪò֮󣬽˵˵ȥĻҪ¶ˣ
ȻȴֻиոմӲǰȡһƿȵѪ
ˡ
Ӳ˶ԶġɻƶĻش𣬡ûôͷѪߣҲûŵģ󣬼һҲǾһûмµʱõġ
µʱ䣬㹻ָ۷״̬󳹵ˣ
Ǹʱ򣬾ָ˽ȴҲֹԼˣ
֮ǰиҪȥ
װŲͷѪĴƿ΢΢һĨȣ˲ףصĵ˵ͷãȻָ
ұȻȥˡ
ҲԼԺ˺ܾˣɫ磬ǿ϶˶ˣҪԼܳ׵ƲϵĻʱҲǻһЩ鷳
ֵ֮һֻܿص˶Ժ档
еѪƿǴ̱ǵѪζϵЦԽԽϵѪٶҲԽԽ죬Ҫ֪װɶ˼򵥵Ķ֣ǰϼҼæʲô
ǸϼҼҲûʲôã


罫ƿеѪιϵѪУѪȡѪɫԽĺҲڲϵߡ
ɻЩдʶںѪ࿹⣬ûʲôôˡ
ԭѪƵǿԵ˲Ѫ֮绢ǼʢеĶûа취ֱӺѪƿ⣬ֺοѾĲеĶˣ
ѪϵɫԽޣһСƿѪҲܿļ˵ס


Цޱߵĺҹ֮к˷ʡ
ͬʱŲΣĹȻѾ󼴱ߣȴҲƵû̫࣬һξ֮󣬲ʶ׵ĵڵϲʡˡ

²ĺֱ֮ٵĻصԼԺӡ
ǰһ뻹ΪԼܰһæеˣȻһ룬̱ԺƸŵˡ
ԺΪʲôôˣ
Լĳֻ֮⣬Ȼϼҷ˺ҲŹˣԹĿԼ޲һŭֱӽԼˡ
ǡ
еɻ󣬻ǿ򶨵ģĿԺˣԺ߹ȥʱ򣬺ĺͶѾӭӭӹˡ
ǻˣ
ɫҲ֪Ƿʲô˽飬Щ˾Ȼ˲ɷ˵ıֱӴ뵽Ժ棬һʦļƣҪǰ̽Եһϼҷ˵ʲôû뵽ĻδʳڣϼҷӭһƣȵĺЩ¡

һͼĹŮˣȻǵǰţǰµʱ˵𣡡ϼҷƹϼһӵŮģûЩֶλˡ
еҲֶ١
һֺϸ۰˲ָӡǣֱӽĴеɡ
˺һźĵӣôôʽʱȥʲôű𣡡
죬ٶȱϣǵǲġ
ںܿ죬Ӱٶȳ˵֮ڣӭȥҲòװǻƵĸǰˡ
ô£
ɫ˲ȻҲЩģȴܿı㽫ԼѹȥѾǴǰǸ׸ˣûбҪȥɵڳЩˡ
Ҳƣ㲻ʲô˲ĳϢ

1380 ʦ

1380 ʦ
ϼҷ˻лʺﲻԼͬĵԺ棬żƺʦģǾʲôū澵ȴǲһҪСӦԡ
ɻ֮£ѹ̵ĺ˵
ĵͷˡ
Ĺ£վ󣬶ȴǻĵϼҷ˺ֻǰ
ˣʺ֪λݹ٣δԶӭĲȫλ¡ɫȻ΢̧Ŀһˣֻֻ΢΢۾ϼҷˣȻĴλվֱӵĵǰ
ž
İʱСԺд˳ࡣ
һʱôֱӱϼҷ˸ϣԭϸ۰˲ˡ
СˣүŵʱҾ;ǸСˣȻҵ۹ûпӦֱӽҲźصĻ
ˣǻʲô㽫˸
ϼҷǳ⣬ڶūͱϼҷ˵嵽ǰǲɷ˵ֱӽסˣɡҪʦô򵥣ǴֱӾҪ
ҧˣǼˣΪһˣҲ̫ô߰ɣ
ǷʲôȻҪԴ
ǻʺҲǺϼҷһͬ˰ɣ
ǰԼū澣ĿĿϼҷ˺ֻɱ˻ҪҪ̣
ŭ壬ûаηģȴѾֿܣʱŸոʰľ޺ϺѩϺСˣľѾˣϺѩϺ񲻿ܽԼ׵˵˵Ҳû֤ݣϼҷ˺ֻȻŭģǵʲôء
ѣʾ֭ԭ򣬿ȴҪǿװ򶨵ģ
ϼҷƱ磬ֻ϶˼ֱĿ⣬ߣСӾȻװģ
ЩҪǵô˵ǰ˵޴ӱ𣿡
Լʲôѵûϼҷ˵ǼģͽƱ磬˿ĻǻϵˣԲ˵ֱӱסˣϼҷ˲һ
ֵĻûк⣬ֱӶֺݺݵĴȡ
ˡ
㵨ҹǸˣ˷ˣ
£ʴˣҲȲ㣡ϼҷҧǴмôһ仰ҪʵʶȤĽ˸гôﻹܸʹ죬Ҫĥ㣡
ϼҷֺƬ̵Ĺ򣬱ѾɫʹĲҽС
ϼҷ˶ֶˣϼҷߵŮŶ֣һ±һºݣһ±һʹ

Ƭ̵ĹѾպײѪȵڲҲһƬҪұжңҽǴԺӡ
ǡ
Ǻ˵
ľǿϽʵ˵
ס
˵
Ҫǲ˵ĻʼնһҧԼ޹ģҪ˵˵ĻẦ磬ԼҲûи·ѩƣֻǡļˣ
ѡ
ΪݣͷҲֻЫĳĸˣ
Ǻúݶ
ɤӵĺͼԺִ
ʱ򣬱ܱˣһǻ취ԼģûҲһˣǲҪҩˣһԼ֮ҪԼǲ·һ
ңԽݸߵˣԽα϶Ҫһ˳
Ҫûȷ֤ݣô˵ʲôģ
ҧҲɿڡ
Ҳ֪ʲôƳ棬ǾԵ޹ʵԩң
һʱѾ˹ƻˣʱһԶڳĻʹͲڵ飬֮λ޴ǣ
˻ߣǱҡ
˵ıûд
Ȼʶģʶ֮ҲֻùƳ溦һˣҪŵĹƻ˦Լϣ򲻻ܵģ
˵ǺƵ˹ᣬôǣ˭ˣʲô֤ݡ
ǰƵҵʰ
Ǹ𣿡
ǸͲңϼҷˣǱĴѪȴɲϷ䣬Ǹûκε֤ݣֻҸɱҰˣ

1381 ˰

1381 ˰
˰

õĳĻʺõϼҼķ˾ȻҪ˽̣
⻹𣿡
˰
ǻȥˡ
ǰ˭¶ǻᾡҪȥģϾ˭ҲôԵ޹ʵˣɤӺû˿Լȵϼҷ˺ֻǻܵġ
ǲڼ
һõŵϼҼķˣһõĳĻʺҪԼȷǺһֻô򵥣ĲڹҪԼԡ
ͱҪԼһõĽڣ
ȻǾԲеģ
Ŀݺݵĵϼҷˡ
ϼҷзŭ̧ѾײձһƣѪ˲ʣãС˲ƺĲǰɣ
ȻҪףôҺͻʺס
žžž
ż죬ֻϼҷ˵˲һӰӰϤ
ǡ
죡
ͫһеľһҲûӹ˵۾
־ͲҪдˡ
죬ʺǰϼҷк쵽ֻǰϴЦݵĿֻʺǶҽģͷһ£ڵûйƳģ
ֻ΢΢һĨЦݣȻЦЦû⡣
Ƭֻб˽üĽıʾ콫ַ£֣صĿڣȷǹƳûҪǲŵĻĴ
ˣʺܺĳЩСһлʺϣ
õֻȷشϼҷϾһЩ⣬ʱҲǶ˼ݣ죬˵ϵĹƳǴӺζġ
죬ȻûֱӽĻ˵Ѿ˵һУ˼Ѿ֮ˣ
ҪǸ˵һӶҪҩˣ
ϧֻɫȻƳһֱӰϼҷ˵ǰˣϵĹƳ棬Ϲ˸µģ
˻
컰£ͻȻһ󵹳
ʱȷΪЩϹҪȥ̽زϹû뵽ʱǸƵҲϹĹ뷿֮Уȥĺǲɣײ˵ļ飬û뵽߳ŭҪɱڣǸ˸ֱ˹ƣ
ôõʱϹΪ¹ýҩĽв죬Ϲ£
ҪƲԼĹϵģȻô˵Լ޹ôƲԼˣ
ˮȻģ
ԭɫţ֮ӱ
ʲôҪԼ
Ҫû٣ԼʱռˣҪڱвӦԼǣ
ЩĿоͳԼίǺ˵һˣ
ʲô
죬޳ܣҧǴмô֣ڵ޳Ѿûа취ˣ춼֣
ֱǲҪ
Ϲ˹һǰ̰ԲŻҪЮˣܾƳĥһˣҪǲĻ»лкܶ޹ܺʱˣ
ԲϹԺ󲻻ҩҲҪһһʮĶ˵
˺ͻʺһֶٻˣ£컹ޱȾĳϼҷ˺ֻ˹壬ǾȻһηľ񣬽˿˶ģ
죬˵ݱ
ͲʶʲôƵˣҪռ壬׼Ĺݱ˭֪ǴеĹƳ棬ﱾ
ĻĻǴϡ
ֻһ֮ʣԹ֤ݵģ
ǲϣ
Ӧǣ˵카ƵҪλıȨߺ޵ĵĶ죬޲ֱӽǧ
ı
һˣȻϣ죬㵱ǲΪӣΪˣ
ĹҧֻڹϣֻĮĿϷĿˣʲôˣִ˺ҧŶԣһˣ

1382 

1382 
Ǻǣµ㾹Ȼġ
ãǾĸһЩûֻڣϼҷ˱һЦеĿٶҲǼ
ɵô˸ô²
˽ϼҷˣϼҷʲô˼
֮ǰŵĺܶ꣬Сϼҷ˵֮»ģϼҷ˵ЩޱȵϤ
ļǵãŵĵһ꣬ϼҷ˾飬źԺһ˵ǰģϼҼһ
񡭡
һģһ
˭
˭
ڵ羪֮һ㡣
ҪԼ˭
ѾˣϼҷʦڵܵĹƻ󣬴ΪԼΪҪ죬Ż¹ƵģǴΪԼǿʹĶǸƵˣԲŻ˵Լ
ǵĿĲֻҪʰԼҪͨԼ
һ˲䣬˲һС
ǣܷҧԼһ֮⣬ʣˡ
ʯ֮䣬ѾѡȻѡȴҪ֮ǰվǰ
ǡ
ȻСˣ
ȻԼʱ䲻ãǺĵĵȴζᱳԼΨһܱԼģԼߵˣֻʣ¶Сˣ
;ҧгݡ
֪Сǲġ
֮ǰΪԼҪƴǣǺԼװʵôʱ䣬¶˺βˣԭԼذ
úޡ
޵Լôûкģֱӽɱˡ
Ҳûڵô鷢ˡ
첽ǰϼҷ˵ǰط˵Ļү˵鲢ûаֵĴūΪϹŮǴСϹߵģǽϹһһжУǰϹ˼ݶδ޵ʱ򣬾û캦顣
֪СϲүģȴҪүүһֻʹүѰ¡
ĵƳ
֮ǰһֱ踺صļߣΪľڵĶһ
׻˵úá
ҧ˵ĹС
һҧˣǾҪģ
ŵɫֻޱȵĳ죬˲Լ֮ǰ踺ܵʵֵ̫ˣɫģԼĺʹ졣
үõòǹģˣǲǹﻹ۰Ͱ͵ĵүţδӳŻӹ֣үԸæǹֱǿҪǿү£
ੲݣ˵ÿһ仰̡
ֻүϣдǰİС㣬ȵȣ֮ǰȫǹǣò˵ֶʵǸߣÿζܼװԼίȡΣԴﵽԼɸ˵Ŀģ
ū澴ǰڹߣڹϣҲӣţû뵽ҰȴֻûʿɶֹԽԽңȻҪŵȨƣ
˵˵ţ̲סʳҪǹҰľҲˣū򲻸ŵģû뵽̬ҲԽԽŤֻαװƲǲбһıڵĵ֣
ǿɶǴСһ𳤵Ѱ
Ҳ֪ôܺݵֵģūĿŴСϤһ£ȴΪۣԭΪŵĹƻǰˣҲ֪롭
ʣµĻ˵Ҫ˵Чöˣ׼ʱʵĹϼҷ˵ǰˣͻʺɣ
ϼҷ˶ڶһ鲢ïıݺ˵⣬ҲǶ˼ֳϹ֤ȷ䣬֤֤ڣ㻹ʲô˵ģ
ϼҷ۾ˣ㽫˸
ǣˣ
ϼҷ˻£ūǰ廨ԭͱҵôһ֮£ǷҡҷСһ㣬һҪȥˣ
Сˣ˵氷򣬻ʹ죬Ȼҵֶ֪ģ
Ҫ
ϼҷٿظץס°ͣͬԼֱӣ˵ȻǴЦģȴΰӿ
ϼҷ˵ֶΡ
ͻȻϼҼŵģϼҷ˲ûҪ͵͵

1383 Σ

1383 Σ
ϾϼҼ˵ôģǶԼ˵ȴʮвԼΪĸǾԲ˴ڵģû뵽
֮¶ܱС˳ɹĻ⣡
ֻǿˣʵȴûа㽿ģ
ǣϼҷ˱Ͼϵʹǿϼҷ˵ȴҲǲ᲻ܵ˺ܴ˺ٶϼҷ˵ֶΣɵ˸
Ҫ˵䣡
ǾԲܵ飡
ĥҲǾԲ˵ģ
ңϼҷͰͲԼˣУɺôһϵ¼Լ˵ʵҲҪ衣
ûôɵ
ܱ磡
Σ
ޣ
ϼҷ˿Ĺݺݵϼҷ˵һڡ

һϼҷ˵Ŀд̶ҽУĮĳǰϼҷԶ֣ҲûҪץôǸĻˣǵĿֻҪˡ
򣡡
ҺݺݵĴ򣡡
Сˣ
ϼҷ˺޲ýһǻҧˣ廨ڵϵĲҽһһϼҷҶסˣ
л
ǷֹҧԾ
֮ǰǰɣԼԼˣϼҷ
˫ˮ۵ĿڳЩˣԹޣȴĵɢΪ
Ϊ֮
ôƣôıԼʼնǴƣʼնҪ׸ģڵˣ۸Լ
סͣˮϢĴۿл䣬ôһ˲䣬ҪԼײһԵʯͷԼ˽Լġ
ǽµİ
𵱳ԼʱҪӵء
ȻʱһӰȻ˵ǰֱӽӰڻУͬʱȺжʱļ
ô£
ʲô
ã
˰˰
ϼҷΪ׵ĶʱˣӪˣȻͬģ˵ץסǸͬϼҼǢ¹ͣ
ϼҷĺܺãֻɫҲǲɵñ
ѵǸƵˣ
⻹ֻһκǸƵ˽Ӵôʱ
ҪֱӺǸ˴Ļ˵ͻѰҵ˿˳ϳǹƳô£ƴǺݷϹƳĽҩ
࣬죡
ֻϣֱӳŶĲԸ
ĵͷ̳ǰ̵ķ˹ȥϧൽ˵ʱȴǿһˣ
ﻹʲôˣ
ӰҲǶʱʧӰ٣
ȻǺǸŲƵĹϵģһ㣬Ǵʱ˶˵ѾȻ˵Ժըˡ
ϧˣ
ֻĿⲻɵó˼֣ϧ
ϼҷȴǺ޺޵ҧ

ô͸ǸСӹȥˣ
̫ɶˣ
ɲǿɶ
ۼκò׳ע⣬ֱûзǰ½ץˣҪߵĻҪٽץĻǺѵˣ
˺ããܳ
ҪǸƵ˶ԶԶˣ
Ȼ˵滹ϧȺ˼ҽ


ͶȺ˲ҽӦ˵ɫʹĳ鴤
ĵֻҪߣҪ
Щ˾Ȼҵұѡ
ƽǱ˱ˣ
ο֮ԻĿ໹ΪԼܷŹѵˣͶҪҪƳĥġ
ԭϱŹƳģôٶй֮ϵĹƳ໥˲书ѾѪӰȻڵϣȶûоȵˡ
졭졭
ɴŵϣϵҡ塣
ڶ֮ǰûйƳ棬ǵһΣȴҲΪƳİԵǿڵϣɫʹ֪࣬Լ綼ôһ죬ֻû뵽һ쾹Ȼô硣
û뵽
ûܳɹɱ
úޡ
ѪʱӿӿĶֻʺ󡭡ʺ
ȴĥƽִ֣鴤ȴ۰Ͱ͵Ŀֻ
ֻһʱ֣վڶε֮»ĵ˶ǰô

1384 Ҽһ

1384 Ҽһ
ֻȻȴڵϵɫʹĶĻ֮ɫ΢䡣
ССӡ
˵ˣǡСӣ
ֻܶ˵СӵݣֻΪҪƭȡΣԼϢˣǶڶ˵Сȴھʱȫ֧ˣ
Сӵ¶ڱǸĵ̫ʱѾˡ
СһֱԼǰԼЩпûġ
ǲҪ
Ƕп
ûҪҵСӣܸƴߵС̫ܹ࣬ǲ̫͵ģû뵽δ̽ȴǵõû˴ڵĽ
ö֪֮ˡ
żȻһΣųСϵζȻֻζһ
˲ˡ
ʼڴʱ򣬵һͽʵǵϣҲڽʧ
ԭûʲôڰеĹ⣬ͲԼеֻԼΣڡˡ
ϵĹƳбŶ壬Ҫ˶ԼᱻƳԿˣ֪ԼڲԶˣҲûҪúûȥǰ֧ȥĸڡ
ٵҪʱ򣬾ֻʣҪСһˡ
ССӡʺ󡭡ʺ
ɫʹ࣬ȴĶֻڵķȻȵĻ˵ڣǹбܿǷݿͿ
ܲܡܲҡ֮ǰټһ桭þȫץֻ䣬˫ˮ
ֻʹӣŶģ΢΢һ˲Щԥ֪ˡ
ֻĿڣͳЩ鸴ӣȴû⡣
綼ᷢԼݣֱ˵ʳҲûʲôֻǡֻֻüĽŶģȴЩģǡ
ϲС
ϲСӣֻǽСӵеϣ;УĶ˾żֿͿɱģֻŬŬ졣
ҪοĻδ˵ڣѾ׵ı۾ֻв̣Ŷ񣬻֣涫۾
ǱߣɵĲҽҲ֮
죬죡
죬۾ңң
Ƴǧвͬ
ոߵʱµЩƳǿֱҪ˵ģ
ϱŹƳģֻƳ࿹֮£Ҫȶҵĸ࣬ɫѪɢŶ඼ʣ࡭
ʱܶݣҲѿʱܵʹǶôҡ
ɡ쾹ȻҲ氮ˣ˶ҪܿͬͻһʱɾȻŲֵĶſʬϿ޵ġ
ϼҷҲû뵽Ȼôһ
ôƺõҪȥģǱ˸ֲŪ˲ص³ϼҷŬŬ죬ǽԼҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
⡭
֪ɶĸ񣬿Ѿˣ֮ô졭
ɻҪ˵ģ
ɶɶ˺ˣѹˡ
ӲŸոպãĿ޻ӡ
ϼҷͼҪɸȴֻſʬϣôҲ׵ѹʱôܻȥϼҷ˵Ȱ˵أ
û˳ϼҷ˵ĻͻȻֱӽϼҷ˵ѿ
ôɵۿ죬£ˡ
ꡪ
֪ǴʲôطõذףȻôԥֱӴԼš
Ѫʱӿôֱǿ˵УҲǻı۾
ɶ
ɶϼҷ𾪵ĿǰһУĿ˽֮󣬸һ˲ȥӦģֻǽӲԭأɴ˫ۣϼҷ˷ӦʱߵʱѾΪʱ
ɶ
ԭСԺжʱֻʣ˴˷ĲҽͿ
ֻĵһĲĪġ
ʺôˣ
ֻܿǳ͵һ㣬첽ǰѯʣǵǵĿֻصİͻȻֵʱ򣬲ڵһʱ令ֻġ
Ƴ漴ǿҲֻڽ뵽˵֮ڡ
ҪûнĻһ޹ĳӣ

1385 ȷѪ

1385 ȷѪ
ֻҪֻĹƳ涼Ѿ˲Ľ£ֻʲôˣҲѴˣ
ʲôĵط𣿡
ʲôطˣ
˵Ĺ򣬲Ѿֻȫ¶ˣʲô©
ԲĹģֻֻҡҡͷǣûˣֻһֲõԤС
񡭡оȷѪꡣ
֮ǰЩ죬Ǹŵʱ˹ƳңͺƵСţһ㣬ųĹƳ涼Ǻܵͼ׽ġ
ֻٵ˫ĿأɼǺܼ򵥽ģŵЩ˵ǰȴźѿԽĺ蹵
ɲǺѿԽĺ蹵
ֻ򵥵ʳѪĹƳ棬Ѿ˲ˡ
ҪڱĬĬĶֹ֣ǸˣŶѾΪ֮ˣ˰ȵ
ǣܶЩɱ˺ĹƳ棬ȴƫƫ˷ʤûаֿĻᣬֱӾɥ
˷ų߼һĹƳ棬ڵڶϢĻᶼûˣ
ֻɵꡣ
ųЩƳ棬˵ֻǾţһë
Ƕڵ˵ĴһԺĿ֪ˡ
ǳȥĪ˵Ҫݲ£Ĺ¶ҪһȷѪˡ
бսҲãıλҲգ󲻹Ҫ˶ࡣ
˵û̫ˣйƣܶʱ򣬹ɱҪʿֱбսҪĸӲб
ĺͻ˱ʵ²ѡ
һȷѪ갡
ֻĻϵıҲȴǲҶģվֻԣֻʼüĽĿԺЩæµš
߰ɣǳôãҲʱûȥˣ
ֻջԼĿ⣬Ų೯ԼԺȥ
ǰЩƳǿԵûи˻·Ĵ㣬Ƴҧ˵֮ѸٵĿʼ࣬ҪҲûþȵġ
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֮ǲĿŵĻصˣҲûбҪټŸζԸˡ
£ƴѾӦϼҼλƸ裬ϼҼѾȲĴǰȥյ飬ֻǶԻȨûаֵĵġ
ֻϣŵĻңҪǣİղźá
ֻŵ̾˿ҲǸɫӡ
ڵĵ书ģ䵽ҵ³Ҫǻƽգǡ״ͲһĴˡ
Ρ
ԺٶȷֹƳһף˲ը죬ûϢֶߣԭѾŵĵٶȻֲ̿ҡ
һ𣬱ڵĵ
ϼҼڵ飬²ؼٲҲϼҵ棬ҼΪ˶չأҲ䲻ҡѾ׵ĳΪˡ
ûб磬ȴҲᣬָŶָȫֿ²С
ҼʱЩҪٿһ½ۻһӦŵĻ飬ȻҲˣ
һˣû飡
ҼݿɣͣǰȴǰֶδмٵģƽʱǺǺŵˣڡȴǱڵĵ˵໰
ô찡
Ҵϻֲ̿ĿűҼļ֪æʲô飬һ
ֻʣ˱ҼôоļˣٲȻΪ˵ĹǣʲôҲҪҼǰѯˡ
ң
֪
ҼЩΡ
ҴЩ꣬Ҵүڤȴ˽Ľǵ»ȻףΪҵļȻĲΣǱҲûбҪҪǣֻҪǿԼķͿˣˡ
Լļܣʲôϵ
ʢЩĿˣЩԴ
ڤҲһеٮٮˣ书ǶܺͶģֻΪҲļ壬ñڤҲ綫
ڤ
ҪܳԪ˵Ļ

1386 ˭᣿

1386  ˭᣿
ǱҾгƶĻˣ
ǱҼµ֮λôΪҼĵճӵıڤҲȻˮǴʱ򣬻ǸͶʲô¶
ڤ۾ЦЦ
ҼҲʵǱŵŪúǷǣҲûľֱӴӦ˱ڤ飺ɾͽȫȨ
Ƕϲ˦ƹ
˭᣿
Ҳɴʲô鶼ܺˡ
ҲǱûʲôϵ
Ҽŭ뿪˴ãվԭصıڤȴɢĹâЩĳűҼȥıӰĿڣǣ
л״ˣ
ԭڤڷŭΪʲôǰϵͶѾ˸ԼĵˣԼȴֻǸү˵ĺģǱҵĵճӣ˵ĲˣǸûʵȨֻ帣Ķ棬˲͵˲һˣ
ںˡ
ҵȨҲǽԼһֲٰ죬˵Լٶ׷Ͳ룬лᳬˣ
ڤ˸ĹâȴܿѹȥĿϵĿһЩıҴϣ󲮲ϷԸȥ˽ǱҵĵؽϷܷκεĹƳ棬ɱۣڼ棬Ҫ߶˹Ƴ˵Ŀɳ֮
ǡ
Ҽ˦ֲɣûа취ҴҲֻڤķԸˡ
ҽ
ǱҲûʲôǡ
ææķ䲻һ
ֻϵʹ⻺࣬Ժ۾ʱ򣬱ƼһȻĿ

ʶĽһ£еģȥ֮ڵòҲǳ׵Ŀܿģ㷢ĲԾ硭磿
ǰȻŵǶ飬Ǿٶ񣬷ǡ硣
˲ϵۣϲĿ磺ڡ
ȫˡڣͳɳƵʱ𣺡Ҫл㣬Ѫܺá
ǿѾõѪ
ϼҼǸҪôöûõ㱻򵥵ĸŪ֣䱦

ôһ˵ֻԼչ̣æĵʹӣֱܿԼĿ⣬ϸõĿڣЧͺãҾ͡Ҿͺܸˡ
Ȼ˺ۺܶ࣬ȴأֻҪúϢͿһЩҩݾܺˡ絹ûоϵĽߣֻĿĿպ׵˵Ĺ֣ĽĲҩͿĨϵ˿ϡ
̫ģЩǲ°̺۵ġ
Ȼ˵ʱȵĺ´ԼĲĺ͸˵ƻһ㣬ͣС·ײһ㣺ţûϵģ
ʱ˿̵ĳﻹʲô˼ȥʲô̺۲̺۵ģֻһĶˡ
Կ״ǮֻǶãȻ¶ĻôڣԼĸоʲô
ϲ
ͬǶۺƴǵϲ
ʼնۺƴǵĸ鶼ǲģΪĸãΪܳΪˣΪܽǰԼǸ˺ݺݵĲڽ£Ϊϲȥϲۺƴǡ
ڲһ
ΪȶĽΪպദ˰⣬ĽӴԼľִٺͽţԼĸо
ϲ
ֵֻϲǲκϵеġ
ûϵģа̺Ҳ㡣
Улл㣡
٣ͻȻæԼͿĨҩݵĹȻǰֱ˸ǣ񴥵һĵͷɬܿˡ
վԭأɵͻȻߵǾЩ֡

ڸʲô
Ȼͺܴ󣬿ȴΪƹƳԭϾ˼飬һ˼ֻ棬׵ʱΪԼĸĹϵȱٺõĽڸãȻ֪
ҪǻѰӣѾ˼δģǻӦΨ
Ψ˵硣
Ǹø飬ᷴӦ硭
͵͵˳ȥſԼڵԺӣ𾪣ΪǴ뿪ţҵסأû뵽
ȻûдԼ뿪ڻڣ
ҡ
ǶҵԺ䣡
еɬȥܿƽ飬ٶԭ·صǰ硭

1387 Σյĵطȫ

1387 Σյĵطȫ
ǡڶң
ȵĿڡ
ĶȥҲǺɻȵ֮»ĵͷţǰ
Ѿûʺϵĵطˣ¶ұõڻİɣܰȫû˻ҵġЦŵĿ
ݵȷǸõķ
ΣյĵطҲȫġ
˶ΪѰǸ˶죬ȴƫƫĶŵƤӵ£ҪûˣȴҲǴ벻Ȼôš
ֱӴ˺˵ݱ˱뾴ηĶ¾˵ԼʵˣҲû˻ǴСųĶʲô쳣
ίˣȺúõˣò˶ãǾͲֻǴˣʱҪŶҸ׳ƳϴĵЦݣҲǶ˼г
һѾȵ̫ˡ
ɹŵЩˣȥҵݺԼҵȥˣ󣬱ҪʶɽͻλҲûϣġ
ϴЦݣҲǹţͰ˵ȥ죬Ҳί
ܺһ𣬲ȥԼЩɶˣͲһֱأôܻί
Ǿͺã
£ͲȥԼŲߵϿʼĿӵţȻŲѪѾںϵļãǺܶطҪĥһ£Щʱ򣬶дЩǻԺУֻúᷳ
ĬĬȥ
ϼ˲˲ټɥ¡
ϼҷ˸ֱӵϼҼǰߡ
һҪɶһҪɱǸƵ˰ϼҷȻúܶ࣬ǱϾΨһŮǴСͳԼߵģΪ
οϼҷۿԾԼǰģһֳصĴ
ϧæµϼҼȴδϼҷ˵Ļ˽ȥֻԼϼҷ˵Ļ˴ţȵȣ˵ƵǸ˹ᵽһ𣿡
ϼҷϼҼķʵʱЩ񣬵òԵĳϼҼ˵ͷǡǰ
ۿ飬кܶҲۿˣʺҲڳ
ϼҷΪϼҼǽԼĻ˽ȥģǲ룬ϼҼͲʲôʲô
Լʲôϵ
ôŮôûãһǮ˾ˡ
ϼҼĵǣȻǸ˸һ
СˣϼҼӦ֮ʱɫǴмô֡
ʱ·æҲûйȥСˣˣãȻû繴һˣ
˲֪ʲôϼҼȴǺϤġ
ԡ
Ǻ֮ź繴һ𣬻ڳ֮ǰ˾Ѿβ
ϼҼֻԼǱһ㣬ɫ֮ãϷȥ
ϼҼŭ뿪ϼҷ˽۽ǵ۲Ҫ첽ϼҼû뵽ϼҼߵѸ٣ճ˷žֱҲӰˡ
ϼҷź֪ķӦ
ү鲻Ծ
ү
ϼҷ˳ϼҼıӰ󺰣ϧȴûаĻӦϼҼ֣֮ǰڵһ˵ȶΪǸƵѾˡ
ϼҷҲٶܵʱʵǸƵ˲ûڡ
ϼҼϢŭĳȥǸ˵ģһĵ֪Ǹ˺ڵĵطһ
⡣
ϼҷֻͻȻĵһɫԺͻȻһͷ
ѵ
ѵϼҼ֮ǰ֪ǸƵ
ԣŻ˵ĵΪƳҶŵʱᣬԣŻǸ˹ĵһʱ䣬ȥǸ˵䣬ֱҪԼȥǸƵˣ
ϼҷ˲ãԼǵ߸ԼǰϼҼ⡣
ϼҷ˸ǲɵô˸
ԼˣǶô£ܹǸˣŵЩ˴˺
һʼŵĹƳңϼҼģǸˣֻµģǰϼҷ˲֪ҲͰˣһ֪жϼҼĻҲԽԽࡣ
һѺۣͺͿբĺˮһԽԽףЧԽԽǿƣ
ϼҷ˲ɵýŲΣҲĪҪȥԼֳһ£Ҫ罫ˣҪϼҼǲ߻ⳡƳĻңϼҷˡ

1388 

1388 
ϼҷ˿ܻΪɲϧҼĿɳɡ
ϼҼŲҴҵ뿪Ժ֮ϼҷҲԺӡ
ֻصԼԺʱƼƴĨ֥ԺеȴԼ
ƴǣôˣ
ֻ첽ǰϽüͷɵõĵĿǣǳʲô𣿡
Ϊαأ
ǿҪ뿪ˣһ鶼Ѿ׼ˣٲĻ䣬µʱûôˡƴīһӲɵĿ
ϼҼΪŹƳĽҩҪЮƴǺֻⲻֻ֪ϵĹƳѾ⿪ҪνĽҩǲϼҼҰģϼҼһְˡ
ȻپܵĲ֣Ҳǻжֵ߳ġ
ϼҼҲǵ֮ϾڳҲԼһʵģŵĴڣҪϵʱ̫˵ĻԶţⲻᷢʲô⣬ʱ˭޷ܵġ
ҪǴǰƴ˵ʲôʱ뿪ֻԹԵڣۼֻŸոպǸ˴棬ǲģƴǣ֪Ǹ˲ûڽۿˣ
ֻЩ˹Ƴɱ˺ܶϼҵĵӣǼ綼ҵǸƵ˵ģ
ǴĻǵҪţΪ˽ҩġ
ֻûҲȥ롣
˼Ƭֻ̣뿪ڵٽּΣСϵĹƳ˸Ļˡ
ֻеĿִֺͿ󣺡òã
ֻ飬ƴϵı΢΢Щɵġ
Ҫǻƽʱֻ˵ʲôƴҲʲô
˴˶ŶԷģΪԷĸԸֺοǸŶԷȥĵطأ붼룡
ڲһ
ĵǳµģͰǵ
һٲ
ܽĽϼҼŵӳ߳ĻǱҪϼҼɹճĳȨ
ĳݶ˽ȨΪ˻ʵۣڰ˵һ޷ֲѡ
ƴ޷ܵġ
ƴǿڣ˼Ƭ֮󣬱ֱĿĵؿֻ뷨ҪҵƵˣȻҺݷҵ⿪ϹƳĽҩ
Ϊֻ̫ôһڣƴǱֻĴ㣬Ҳۡ
Ҳ˵ڵţҲͬȥ˵̫ƽʢʱҲԲΪԼȥ㴦Σ֮еġ
䣬ֻӦƴǱݷҵ뷨һ
ݷ㻹ƴ涼ںֻġ
Ҳֻİȫ
ҪΪǶֻΣ֮УǻԸһӶҲ⿪ƳĽҩҲϣֻһֱƽƽĻȥ
ֻϵֲִδ٣ƴüֻȰ˵󲻹Ҳ⼸µʱ䣬ܾãϼҼҲûнҩģǸƵˣҰ֮󣬶Ȼǲ׵ıϼҼʹġ
ҰĲôܻ£
ǸνƵˣǲȥҲ綼ǵǰġƴīһĿᶨ
ΪҪֻ뿪˵ŰοĻǵ뷨ġ
ǸƵ˾ǴʲôıֻҪıĻƱؾҪʵʩĻᡣ
Ǹ˴ƵطųôĹƳ棬֪ͼʲôƴǿԺȷǣһʵ֣뿪ţҲڳʱ䡣
ǱȻ
ϵĹƳ滹δǷĻҲֻƵĽҩʱûʲôĴ󰭵ġ
ֻϵĳɺԥƴǱٶȿڣ
⼸µġ
Ҫҵʲô£ǵţǶϾ˭ռȨ˭ŻȨ𣿡ƴǽüͷɿȴûа㵣ǵġ
ѾܷʲôĽ˳ȻĽˡ
ãǱĻ
ƴǵȰ˵֮£ֻǵͷĿеļִֺȴδٷֺģֻƴǣӦң㽫ϼҼ֮һҪȫҺҽϵĹƳ档
ֻĺ£ƴǻΪԼȻ뿪ԼƶԼƵĻᡣ
ȻѾӦҪæҽݷڵĹƳ棬Ƿ¶и⣬ֻóȻеϣϡ

1389 ҧ1

1389  ҧ1
εúȻǽԴϲ飬εòõĻֻҲҪ׼ģԷһ
ʵƴǲȰ˵ԼֻҲȫ֪ҲҪԡ
ʵǲİ
˼ӡ
ִ˼ʮꡣ
ľҪƴǽ⿪ϵĹƳ棬ƴһƽƽصϡ
˵ЩҰĺֻһ㶼ں˭ĺкθɣ
ֻҲΪңԼʲôϵأֻǴβӦõı֣ǾеϵѶҪγԼϡ
Ĵͷβֻһ飬ƴƽƽĻޡ
ϼҼһ·ŭĳţȴھͿҪţȥɽʱֹס˽Ų
ող㱻繴һĺͿˣϼҼɽѾû֮ˣҲ֪˺ȥˣ
ϼҼɫüܿ죬ͳԼһֱŵϸ㡣
Ƶϸ㣬ʲôطֻҪϼҼȼϸʱ綼ҼʱĳϼҼǰģ֮ǰ˾ôϵġ
Լһ棬ϼҼʲôʱҪ綼Ҳˣ
Ҳ֪һܲУ
ϼҼϸ˿ϣɫľȴȻܾ֮һӰȻϸϼҼǰȻûϼҼʧ
ӰֶվϼҼǰȴǲϼҼֻе޵Ϻ룺ʲô飿
ĪõѪ𣿡
Ǽ֪ϼҼǲȥæԼµģֻ֪ҪȡôḶأ
绹̲סＥҪϼҼ
Ȼ绰֮ϼҼɫʱ˼֣ҪǰǰĴҲ֮ŭȡôֱվĿĵĶ磺㻹˼˵
磬Ϸɲ
ҪǵãϷʱĽ˻ͳΪ˵ˣڵķͳɾͣϼҼһŭ𣬸ֱ׳
ǣȷǡ
ҪϼҼһȷҪˡ
ǣϼҼȻ֮ǰҲһֱڰæϼҼõҪġ
ϲȨơ
ȹϼҵĵλЩҪϼҼȫ簵иùƳˡ
ҪȨ
еĻҲûӵùħצϼҼȷҲǸܶҩģЩΪϼҼҪĹƳ棬ȥæҡ
Ҫʱֻ˵û˵ʱ򣬱ȫȻ統Լİ飬һӦæȡѪһȴʲô鶼
ҪϼҼٳٲ֣ҲżԼԹȥǸСӸˣ
Լúõ岻òתű˵ӡ
ײԼģǳ׵ںˣҲǺܶڡ
ʵǡ
Ǻǣ𣿡ʲô˵ЦһǿҪлϼҼľ֮ˣ
ֻǼҲЩɣ
Щ֮ҪĻǲͻˣϼҼǷһЩأ䣬ǲ֮ͬǰϼҼӴǰġ
Į̬ϼҼŭ
ʲô̬ںϷ˵
磬
ҪΪϷҪĹƳ棬ϷǰҫϷǰֲ䳰ȷϼҼǳ磺˵ǸСʲôʱ򹴽һģǲı
ǸС˲ŻŵĻҵĺ£
ϼҼﻹأôڵʱ򻹹ϲ
ô⵽ƴǵ֮ʲôʲôʧأ
ԭĸԴϰ
Լעʱ򹴽ǲ˵ĵӷˣҪһΥԼ
ϼҼɫֻԼصıѣ޹⡣
Ҫ
˸Լûϵ
ġϼҼҲں
ҪԼȨ֪ϼҼԸȴ㹫ȻĺԼԣֱϼҼƣ
ϼҼݵ磿
ҲûģϼҼֱӵŵ֮ڵݺݵĳĺ󱳹ȥҧгݵģһҪһľģ

1390 Ϊʲô

1390 Ϊʲô
ǰȴûаĻţѾɹĺȵѪѾ峹׵ںϣ书ҲĻָ
书ͳϼҼֻΪԭһֱϼҼǰװԼǲ书ģ򣬿ϼҼʹѪƵˣ
΢΢ӣĿ⿴ϼҼĮ񣬸ǡڿһ֮ˣ
ϼҼԭɫģڿ绺תʱ˵ĶȻûջأ˫Ŀȴ𾪡
ǰˣʲô磬ǳŶġ
Ǹո˵ЩĻ
ԡ
硣
磿
Ϊʲô
ϼҼ𺳣ҲǶ˼ֿ־壬ʯ֮䣬ϼҼֵֻԼǱıΧһ˲亮ͷš
֮ǰĺܶ꣬ϼҼһֱΪԼĹԼҪ飬ȥɴﲻҰġ
һ˲䣬ϼҼȻһ֡ʵô걻õԼ
һжı
ٽڰԼԼȥѼôϡҩģҽԼϼҼ޼ɵĺС
ЩֶϼҼĴвϼҼ籾Ƕ书Ҫĸ𺳣
˻δĽ֣ϼҼ涼ѾʶĲ˿־壬ٶ֮죬ǲϼҼκδϢĻᡣ
ϼҼҪԼĹ˲䣬͵ֱ̧֣ӺݺݵϼҼĲ
ΪΪʲô
ϼҼɫʹ࣬ͷ𣬸ΪϢ˫죬ѵĿǰ磺Ϊʲô㡭㵽˭
ң
ҵĺüҶʶ𣿡
ҲǸô꣬ķԸƵġ𣿡ϼҼԼǰʹֻԼѪҺڣĪļϼҼĪϼҼ建̧˰С
ϼҼ֫ţид˲ġ

˶ת䣬ܽôһֱƭԼԼ˵ʵ̫ˣ
ϼҼľôȥ
ıô꣬ôꡣ
һ·ǺĲиŬ֮±ƴó˻λ
ϡ
ҪΪԼ֮ۼȨֿɵã͵ŴȥͿԵõ
ڡ
ȴȻ֪Ҫˡ
ϼҼܽܡ
»Ҳǲܽܵ顣
ſſϷ򣡡
塭硭㡭ǡɱϷҲҲк³к³ģϼҼ˫Ѫ˿֫ȻŬţΪס˺ʹϰֵ塭
ııô꣬ѾǴݺĹϵ
Ծʹİ·ϼҼҲǲţҪŪҲע⵽˵ĻƱǻᱩ¶ô˶ŵɵ˺ʱͳ˱ַĶˡ
ҲʱϼҼϼҼһ˼ǷƴǺֻϣϾû뵽ƴǺֻȴ˸ˡ
ϼҼģˬʵЦЦ

ҵĺü֪㲻ģ֪ôҲû£ҡ
ϾıģǱַҲҿûʲôֵĹϵ
ˣ¶ϼҼ˺ıģһֱڰϼҼģҪǵʲô飬ҲϼҼ׵屻ַʲôϵ
Цš

㲻Ҫģʱһôʹ졣ĿݣЦŵĿŴϼҼΪ㻹ô
һƳ滺ĴĿڴ˳ֻϼҼеĲĺͷŭѾ׵ı˾֡
ŵģʲô
ϼҼ
ʲôЧϼҼס
塭磬㡭
ȻҶ¹ƣ
ϧĻϼҼδ˵꣬ѪƵӹƾѾǿϼҼĿС
ȻɿЦŵĿϼҼϼҼ˹ô꣬ԼԳһ¾Σ
Чɣ

ϼҼĿ⾪֣õ֮ŭáʱ䶼ûУֱӷһԵϸŻ
ϼҼҪӲеĹƳŻϧƳһﻹܻᱻô򵥵ĸŻ³³ƳҲˡ
ϧ
ǿϧ
ϼҼںӱߣвʪЬʱ
ѭǱӦˬ

1391 ɱ

1391  ɱ
ɱ㣡
ϼҼŻãѪȴʼûŻ־彥±˷ŭϼҼҧгݵĳٶ˹
Ϸɱ㣡
ѪƵӹѾιȥܿģϼҼͻ᳹׵Ŀƣɱ
ֻйԹķݶ˰ɣ
ϼҼķŭ˫ֻأֻۼĿϼҼɱң
𣿡
ͺúõĵųһƳζɣ

Ӹ£ϼҼδվٶֵȥʹڵϣͷ
óϼҼǼʹġ
ѪƵӹƵϼҼڣ㿪ʼѸٵĲʳϼҼʳѪּ򵥵ģֻʹĹƳ棬ѪƵӹҪ߼ˡ
뵽˵ʱ򣬻ʳ˵࣬ųԵĶ֮󣬱Գ׵ĿйƵˣԡ
׼ȷ˵ǿԿйƵ˵壡
ϣϼҼҪΪˡ
ϼҼѾĻȥıжͷֻΪ£磡

ͺúõһʶʱɣ翴ڵϴϼҼĴϿȥ뿪ˡ
ɺϼҼȴʲôֻĿҡڵ뿪ԼϵʹȴԽԽǿҡ
ϼҼҪȥԼߺûжãϼҼ㳹׵ʹ˹ȥʧȥʶ
һš
ҴСʧ٣ѰҲûпӰ
ҵļչأҵһﶼ˱ҴүҴүҵĵؽ磬ʾϼҡϼҼһ˼ҪתԼȨţҪȥƻȨ
ԭʢĴ˲߽⣬ûô֣Ѿҳһࡣ
ΨڶĴ»ǰȣҲ֮ǰԪ˲٣ʵ㣬ҡҲ֪ôˡ
ʱҪҴСʲôµһĺ۾¾Ƕˡ
ĪʧˣȴǸû¶һֻǾĴԼԺ棬·֪ʧٵϢһ㣬Ҳ֪Լһ˴Ժæµʲôȴճͷ˹֮⣬ʱ˳Ժ
Ȼ
ڵĶѾǶҵļˣû˸ҹʶæµʲô
ɫ糺죬ʱ絥ţտԼ磬żܵĹģú㣬ǰδеɡ
ʱҲţҪôһֱȥĻͲȥκҪˡ
磬Էɡ
֡
֮ǰΪܹˣѧ˲ٵı££ÿŲȡ
ܸϲ³ϲ˳ԼĶһҸ顣ҵգ㿴ĺòãϲʲôҲңȻҺ
˵ЩÿʼִĿİͰ͵Ľ͵Ǹ֮ǱϾҪܾöһҪ˽ϲʲôպҲ᷽ܶࡣ
ڷŵЩɫζȫζȣȴûаֵϲЩΪѵĿã绺˵Լ԰ɣҲ
£㲻ȥε񣬾ԵĻصԼķ֮ڣҹ˷š
ֹǲ
ڿ׼ЩḻĲȵʱ򣬸ͻȻһɶĵĸо
Щζڱ˵пǺʳģǰȴһּ尾
Դ˹Ƴ֮󣬱ûôԷˡ
ѪںϣҪԷֻҪһЩҩ֭Ϳˡ
ûж˵ֱ뿪ڵϵȴǾ˾˶ûͻ硭硭
ΪΪʲô
Ƭ֮䣬ۿˮãȻ޴֪ԼʲôȻķУķ˲
Լ
ܵ˼ίһ㣬ôվԭأۿеˮĵ䣬δδڵϣ˲㿪Ứ
еοյ񻨴ȿķӦĿڵ´򿪷ųǰ
翴ģһʱ֮侹֪ôڲźˣãע֮£͵Ϊԭҡ
ƣ֪ģǶϲ䳱ʪĵطҲҲù⡭
Ѿܶ궼ûȥԷˣö֮ͳϰߡ
ĿտʼֻǲԣѾΪʱ̫öݱ˿ЩС

1392 ȾƳ̸

1392  ȾƳ̸
Щºûʲôϵġؽš
ԣϵʧת࣬ת۵Ŀ磺㡭ҪǲЩĻôȥģʲôѽ
ͷһ˵˾ȻǿԲԷġ
Էܳʲôأ
ȥҲܲסѽ
ЦЦˣóƲҩճõҲһЩӪҩģ˵ЩֱӵʳЩҩԶԶҪЩʳӪġ
£Ϊ˲ʧǿԼŶߵЩʳԱߣϴЦݵĿȻҳԲȥǻǸл˷Ѿ˼һʳȡ
ܳȴǿԺȾƵġ罫׼õ˹Լһһóᣬǰףһǽʤɡ
ЦӯӯĵͷϾһЩ㡣
Ϊ֮ԭʧҲΪ粻ϲԼѾˣҲûĵĵطˡ
ʲô鷢𣿡磬Ʊ˵ĺ
ˮЩȥ֮úһ㣬ֵĸо
ĿӯӯˮڴĿ磬ʱֻ˵ԼҪ£Ҫȥȴûк˵ҪʲôҲûжʣȻԼǰ˳Ƶ˳
Ц󣬶Ҳûκεıܻ䡣
ƹƳô꣬ҪѪΪ󣬴ǰһֱǲһλʵѪǸѪƵġ
֮ԷųôĹƳҲΪѰҺʵѪԵ
̵ĽţƶǶĿ磬ע֮£˵ѵҪҵѪѪ𣿡
ǰҪæʱһϻûʣԸشģԼҲʲôϵŻʳڡ
˵ͷǵģЩƳȡôѪΨֻѪΪʵġ
ǰһֱȱһʵѪȻȻѾȴ㣬ںˣİæɹõѪҲѪƵЧӵ˼¡
ҸճȥҲǺϼҼ档
ϼҼɵ
򴽵ЦţģھϼҼѾǵĿ֮ˡ
Ժٱȥκ㲻ϲˣ
ʲô
ϸľϲϼҼǸ϶ҲǵĿ֮ˣ
ϼҼĺ޿²ȶֻƴǵĺ޻Ҫ٣ȻСΪϼҼԭܵţŵĴСӣͬʱٻʹҲһܳܵ˵ġ
ǿԺҸĹһӣȫΪгϼҼˣ˱ҡ
ûİˣԼĺӶûܱסø³
һжϼҼѬĲŻɵĺ޲ֽϼҼɱ
ϧϼҼֻ󣬾书Ҳ޷ƥ룬ҪɱϼҼͷֻܰ
лˣû뵽ȻԼǰ˵ϼҼѾסˣ˵պϼҼͿΪˣ
ɵ˼֣翴ˣҲãżϼҼźͳȨƵõ֮һὫǸϼҼ㴦õģ
ס
磬лл㡣
ǸĴŮˣϼҼͼҲʾ⣺ֻҪɱƥ򣬱ٵȥҲûʲôҶѾôãҲںһʱˡ
ߣǴżַ飬εѡûõ;
ǰ滹Щſֲڻ˶ûκεĹ˼ˡ
磬Ҿ㡣
һơ
мĳ֣ŻὫҴӺڰ
絭ȻЦŽԼľƱͬ
˾һ̸һߺȾƣ൱Ǣ
ϼҼڵϣƺĸܵڵѪڲϵĿʳԼࡣ
ҪЩƳƳڣϧЩƳ治ԼôΪЩƳ淴ɵԽûáϼҼԼʶʣ࣬ҲûУı۾
ǡû뵽
ϼҼ۾ձϵ˲䣬Ѹٶ̧֮ʱϼҼȻǺʹǰ仯˺ܶ࣬ˣ
ϼҼ彩ӲĴӵŲ̫ĲӣĳԼԺӻȥ

1393 е㲻̫Ծ

1393 е㲻̫Ծ
ϼҷΪɵģϼҼԼ˵Ǹ֮Źϵ֮ûеϼҷ˵Ļֱŭ˳ȥҲ֪ڵˡ
ϼҷ˵洧
ڽĽǵĵȴϼҼʱͻȻԺĨϤӰϼҷɫһϲæǰӭȥȴǴڴ;ϲģүô
ҵǸСˣǸݶ˸ǵɶ𣿡
ү
ү
ϼҷдڴǼеѯϼҼϼҼϼҷ˵ĻһֻɫľȻļԼԺȥϼҷ˶ǡ
үô˰
ϼҷ˺ɵϼҼȥıӰĪŻֲ̿ģܾӦϼҼǺܲԾҪܽʲôϼҼûгɹˣ֮Ȼ̲סϼҷ²۵ģλ֮ȴһԲԼ
ѵϼҼʧˣ
ûҵǸˣֻҵˣûܴˣܵش
үʲô飬ʲôĸԺ˵Ҳúһ԰
Ȼϼҷ˵ʲôϼҼɲϼҷˡ
ԻصԼķ֮󣬱ֱӽŽա
ϼҷҪ˵Ļֱӱ˻ȥ
˷棬ϼҼɫԽ֮ȴǴ΢΢¶ЩЦݣЦݿȻʮֵĹ졣
ֻѾ˽еҶʰˡ
ʱΪ߻ʧ٣Ҳ˲顣
׼ˣʱˡֻվԺ棬һѩɫ⻨ĳȹϴ񾲵ЦݣƴһīɫƵӣͬɫ
֣ôûмϼҼӰ
ѰʱϼҼ͵Ȳ˰ɣϼҼȻҪʱٵǽƴǺֻ΢΢Щ죬ֻһܿģϼҼ㻺ĳֻƴǵǰ
̫ϻʺ̫ϻʺõˡ
̫ϻʡ̫ϻʺ󡭡
Ǹʲôƺ
Ǻ񡭡ϼҼôҲûʲôë
ϼҼôˣֻĿȻδ˵ʲôǹ͵͵Ŀƴһۣ˱˲ԷҪ˵Ļ
ʮֵĬ
·ʲô鵢𣿡ƴ΢üͳɳƵĿʵ
ϼҼ˵ע֮£ʼչŵȻЦݣûʲô飬ǶϼһЩԸϾܳһʱϷ򶼲ҪŵҲܶˡ
ԭˡ
ƴ˼ĵͷ̽ˣǸ˲û¿ļƺҲãķľô뿪𣿡
ϼҼǴЦݵģһЩҥһЩСɫòϷţҲͷ̫ϻˣǻǶ̰ɣ
롭
£ϼҼֱ˸ƣֻƴǶ
ֻüĽƴǸдżɻ
ϼҼʹǰʱܴĲͬ
Ƴô飬ȻϼҼĿʲô۵С飬ҾǸһıˣȻҲߣ
˿ܲϼҼ˵ĹϵֻƴǵȴǺģϼҼȻôȻ
Ծ
ܴĲԾ
в롭
ղԸҪԼƴǾҪ뿪ǰվͻĵԼǰ˵ŲˣٵҪ뿪˵ʱ򣬾ȻûпӰ
ټϼҼķӦ
ܾķΧԡ
ֻѯƴǣʱƴҲ˵ϼҼﲻԾֻֻļʾֻҪ̫ǣʲô¾Ϳˣ
ֻ˵ͷ
Ҳֻˣ
ŵ飬ƴǺֻϾԹ˲Ͼôʱȥæأ
ϼҼҲҪ뿪Ӧڷʲô˻ֻϣ벻Ҫ²źá
߰ɡ
ϼҼȴ뿪ϼСԺֻƴһҲǸŴų
һʱôҴҡ
ǰڵʱ򲻾ʱţٲгʱ˲Ȼľ澹ȻѾ˺£̧۱㿴֮ڵװع
ֻ££ϵѣƴһͬҡҡλΣԶȥš
ֻƴߺӰĴٲŵ棬ۿƴǺֻȥķĿ䡣
ֻƴǣ±ƽ뿪պ󡭡һҪǺÿҧгݣǳҳ綼ٻȥģ
ǳʺıҲ綼ϵģ
ֻΪĻʺ󣬶ǡƴǵģڵһ㶼ںƴǵĿˣ

1394 Ҫ

1394 Ҫ
Ųԣ̽ŵĽԼĻС
һͬ˾֮֮˹ϵ
ЩŮ֮ϲҲĵĽ磬ദߵ硣
ģǵԲ̫õģǽŸռ֮󣬱ǵڡ
ĿڰοţҲǹɵĵͷ磬㡣
۵ʱֻǰǲֻ̫ǡ
ʵֻĴǣ¼ԼûгݷݣֻҲǻɵģֻƴ뿪ţһ
ǰʱʱҲ˲ˡ
ѪƣֻҪѪѸٵĻָ۲һ۲ҪˣҪԼƹƳզĻȷϾ
ֻƴǶѾȻ뿪Ҳûκεǣңֱӻȥɽ±չˡ
ӦֻȥæҽκϵĹƳ棬˼ζûҵۣϼҲû֪ۻϢ
֮£ֻգ֮ǰƴ֮õĽҩݡ
˶ԼҪæµ飬Ψҳһţ˲ȴܲܣһڱչ֮УҵĴҲԵ޹ʵʧˣ
Ҵ硣
ô죬ϣѾеĵطұˣȴûдСϢ˵СǲѾ뿪ˣ߳ɫĿҴϡ
ǰҲûĵһȥʱ
һΣҴȴƶҡҡͷᣬСȻ̰棬ǾԲôؼʱ͵͵ܳȥģһǳʲô飡
ǵܳʲôأ
Ҵϻ£ĳϱſڣǸƵûϼҵ֮⣬Ҳûг֮ڣļҲȵԼ飬˭ܶԴС֣
峤ͬĵĿڣǰ
˵ˣǲƵ˰ϼ˻һأ
˭ûۿŵʱôҲ˵ģƣʵǲû֪ûļǸƵģģȫǿű˵˭֪ʲô
ҲҲǣ˭˵һǴС㵽ȥģǳʲô˰ɣ
ҵЩϵд˵ǣȴԲ벻ʧٶ磬˭Ҳ֪׸ôˣһȫʧȥĹǡ
ûа취ֻܼȥˣϣСûʲôɣ
̽޹ЩҲֻһͷɥԴˣǲ֪ǣżĴѰҲʱ򣬲һϢɽһɽ档
ʱڣ֮󣬲ײײ˳û߶Զ˳ˤСӵԱߣ˳źˮһ·ˢҲҺֻһСӣҪĽĻڲѾ֪ʧȥ
ȡ
ˮݵĲֻʣ˲дʶȴֻſˮУ૵ĺž
ԭǱĿȡѪˮݣѪٶȥҪپһ¼ϵҪ˲ѪҲҪѪ
ȡ
ܽ˽Ų
ȻǰˣȴǲڴۣҵĵӶǡ
˫ǰЦĿںˮһϢĲ룬˷ҴС㣬һǵģҲǿ벻⣬ȫ͸ûʲôģǺȨйϵ
ıȨƣôͷ⣬Ȩƣôǡ
С㣬ô
ζΣ
绺Ķ˲ǰӸµĿŲ룬ʱ˿̣ÿһУĪʹ죬ԭӵȨƵĸоôʹ졣
ֲô˶Ȩ֮͡

оá
㡭ôˣȴǿԼ۾ĿĿ磬ǵʱͻȻϮʱûܷӦԼ֮ôãҲӦˡ
ǸԼֵˣͲǶ
ֻǺͶһģһò˰ˣ
ʲôݵֶμװ˶
һ˾ıٶ࣬ıҲǶıģԼĹϵ뻹ŵùģʲô׵ıԼ
ֻǵʱܵʱִ̫٣ԲŻᵼ²֮ϸ룬ΪǸһ˾硣
϶ûиκαĻᡣ
Ҳ̲ס򴽵Ц
ǺǺǡ
ǺǺǡ
Ѿ֪˰

1395 ɱˣ

1395 ɱˣ
Ŀ˼ĿŲ룺Ҳѹ֣ϾСӶôãʱĻ㣬ϲûأ
ѡɱˣ
鼫õĺͲĥʱ䣬Уʱ˿̿ŲҲһСŴһ㡣
ǿڲУȴޱȵʹǰˣ޲ýǰ˸ʬΡ
塣
ֱϵĵ̣ϥϵˣӦһ׮׮һǺϵİɡ籡΢΢һĨȣƺĵĺͲͣڽսƷһŲҫŶ塣
ӦǵΪİɡ
Ǹˣϧϧ
ʵĸпԭĲȴҧͼӺˮվκʵѪµǲþȫȴҲվֻεˮе


˵ҪлǸСأҪǣҲԲö߲̫õȥܹ黹ǿպã

ȻվЦԽԽ񣬿ǺˮеĲȴһµںˮС
µ񣬲ôܲף
ԭ滹һֱϣΪֻǱǰͶһģһ˸ѺˣǶǻŵģֻ˼ð˶òѣӹС
ڣЩǴݻ˲һΡ
ǰ˵ݡ
ǡ
ǸƵˣ
֮󣬲û񵽵Ǹʬ壬ֻ˲Ҫ˵ֶΡ
֮󡭡
֮أ
ôΪ˶ôŶݣôö֮֮ڣΪ˶
Ҫˡ
һжҪˡ
Ҫɱˡ
涫
ҡɱ㡭뷢˰׵Ĵ˵⼸֡
ɱң

˰֣˲ǰˮеĲץ³ˤ˲ݵϣżôһȫȥȪž۵ġ
ֻ֮ǰܻҪίһˣ
ڵ˫Ŀһ䡣
˲䱻͵͵Ĵ˶ҵҵС
վߣԴԥĿѾһϢĲ룬ȴǴŲõģ磬Ѿûʣ¼ˣΪʲôֱӽɱˣʲô
ûж룬ֻ΢Щֵüͷ
ǲ룬ôһʵʱȴǽסˡ
ǰ
Ѳʲôأ
ںӱҵʱ籾ֻҪͲһ̵ģûκ˻֪ɱ˲ȡѪˣǲ֪ΪʲôһǷȴǿĲ֮Լ⵽˴֮ͱ˴ȥ
ڵǴȥ
Լ֪
廹δ׵ȬŴţԱʱ֮衣˼Ƭֻ֮ô
⻹ǡ
һǰ˵Żѡ
ıܿĿ⣬ûвֻǹеĿ磺磬㻹ðɣ
廹𣿡
һ˳ɹĵ˵ϣǺš
Ȼ֪Ƴǿ󣬵û뵽ǿ
û£õġ
ͼֽģӻȺúõϢɣ䳱ʪڡ
Դӳ˶֮ΪܺúõֽҵҰԼ֮ǰɽǰ죬ոһűһ磬ȷЩ˷
Ƴһ۲룬һֹ뷨ͻȻȻԴ̬Ȳһ
ǲһ
뾭ôһѾ׵Ļ˹ȥϢĲ룬ûаƣȴúʹ࣬ǳصĺѡ
Ѿˡ
Ҳǳ׵ıԼռˡ
һӹɣǡ
Ƕ׵ʧ罫мߣû˵ˡ
ҪǺߣôãֻǻ˸Ķᣬǰߡ
¾һԼ޷Ԥϵıˡ
ǺͶںϣҲжʶô
ϲãҲһĳΪϲã硭ϲ룬ٱ硭ĬĬػŲ롣
ˣ
ֻһᷳ
˸ιˮιԵģֹסѪˣ⣬תһЩ֮󣬱㿪ʼȡѪ
ڷԸ֮˦ֱ뿪ȥɫ԰ֽĲ롣
һǺȵĲͷѪȵ̫ˣԶʶĲɾԼԺлģ˼룬ֻҪһ㲻Ѫܳ׵Ľд˼Լߡ
һġ

1396 һû

1396 һû
һǡ
治ϵĶԼ˵·˵Ĵˣͻһ
ҡ
Ҽһ֮Ҳѧչأֻʣ˱Ҵүƹܱҵڶ飬ϼҼ뿪ڱչء
ȻģҴүͳѡȹƵĶ
Ҵڡ
ҴүĿȻԵõĶϵı鲻ãûаҪӭϵ˼
ձҴү˼ͬĴڣֻΨһĲǣѾʵ˶ҼλãԼȴݴ
ȴûʲôġ
Ҵү书ͳŶҲûʲôµġ
װĶҲֻɫȻĺȲ裬ûаı飬ҴүڣҲ
Ȳ軺ĺȵ˿Уȴûȥ
ϲȲ衣
粻ϲ
ˮ̣ԼаĹƳûаô
˾ϢıģĵΪҪվȺ
ãվǱҴүȰͲסüͷõĿ磺ʲô˼µġ
Ҵү书ΪȷҪȶߵģȴԲ㡣
ԣڵһվ̲סЦ˳үΪڼѾҵȨԼУرүġ
үġ
˵ɣǷдһ߲Ƶģģ
ôܲģ
粻ǱҴүȴûôõġ
ˡ
˵ϲӦǹϲһ¶ΪСС;Ѿһ֮ǣ
Ҵү۾
ûгɹձҵʵȨأأǵػ䳰ȷǾͲö֪ˣ
һ㣬ҴүٿҲֵܷģ
ҪûʲôҪ飬붫Ҽ뿪ɣæڤѧǳҪҪȥͲ˷ʱдҼˣ
ˣͿͣ
£׸ֱ˸ƣкغŵĵӹŽߡ
ɲڤĻ֮ԭ΢ŵĴǱ˲ֿһĨЦݣǺǡ
ЦЦñڤϵĲҲԽԽࡣ
ʲô˼
Ҹ㣬ǶҵļұڤҲûʲôطúģ
˭֪˭ʲô
Ҳðɡ
϶ҼŻöΣ˶ҵļ߳һȣȻĻ˭˭ͻǸδ֪أ
ڤסˣ˭ǰأ
ɫıڤϵЦԽζҲڵļģŸո˵˼仰ҵĴү㰴Ͳסˡ
֮ǰҴүתˣŻ˵ĺƢ
ܱڤ˼ɫ綼ûаһ㣬Ϸˣһűڤ
̬˷ŭ
ĺǴ޻һ
ʲô˼ҪԱȭˣڤ㶼ʾ˵ʱᣬһһҪֵģ
ʱ˿̣ҲǻĽеĲ豭һԵĻľСϣűڤ䣬ǵЦҲȥǱԡ
Ҫˮƽ޼໥д裬ſõݴʣ㲻С
ɫȻĿڡ
ڤɻüʲô˼
ҵ˼ǣ㲻䣡
һΣԱڤʵʱûɱźƢҲǣЦЦĿűڤļô֡
㲻䡣
Լԡ
ڤ书Ϊһиǿģǡȴر
رģܽԣ
ӦýСѪŰ
һ仰˵ڣڤҲҲκεЦݣ˲űڤҲݡ
Ҵ㡣
顪
ڤһŭ̧˫ֳڵķ򹥻ֻ۾ȴǲδڤ䲻ŸոյΡ
Լǰǲһ
ڱڤҧгݵľԼܵ趯ֹһ˲䣬ߵʱĬȻֱ֣ץ˱ڤĲ
󣬸ڱڤ𺳵Ĳŵ֮£Ľڤץ뿪С


Ȼ뿪գڤʹţȻУ־СŴһ㡣

ڤþȫôĸ첲˫ʯԼôܺķֺ
ڱڤٶȹʱֻ˲˦֣ڤص˦˵ϣ·ߵķһ˳ȥ
ô

1397 ԺûĴ

1397 ԺûĴ
ҿӦǱҴǵԼĺ˴ɣ
Ǻǣ
籡ȻӽԺûĴ塣
еģֻһ
Ǳңǿʼ𣿡
ֻЦЦǵ˺ЦԽ⣺
ꡭ
屻ˤڵϵıڤ͵һѪ˳ȴǳûѪιȥ˱ڤ壺
ϼҼѾƣϼҾǳΪ֮ˣֻʣ˱ҵļǸ϶ҪˣҲԼסĻűǳ׵ĳΪԼˣ
úһΣҪǺޣúõĿҵģΪܡϣȥݳˣ
ٶվӸµĿűڤڵϵʹ
ϼҼҪûá
ϼҼƥȱȱ£书ȴǲݷģѪ֮һٶȶ֣ǱڤͲһˡ
ѪƲŸո뵽˱ڤڣڤŸո˼¾ͳ׵Ļ赹ˣٶ֮ûй˰顣
ֻúǺЦ
ڤǸʲôɫأ롭ԭôﰡ
Ҫ֪ڤôûãͲ˷ѪˣڤһĹƳͿˡ
Щᡣ
ȥҸᣬιҼã˷ˣ֪𣿡̧֣ٶһѪƵӹ͵˱ڤУ㲻ȥڤЦ뿪
뿪ıӰڤǿն̬ȴǹǣˡ
ñҵ飬Ҳû㳯ұȥѾ֮ˣֻʣҡҵǸ϶
Ҵϼֵʱֻúǲ졣
ôˣ
ǴСϢ𣿡
ҴŽĿŶǰѵ˶Ҽûĵģһֱʱ̵ĹעǴСϢ¹ҲΪǵĴС
Ŀ֣صҴϣĿţЩҪ˵һ¡
һţǵĻشҴͷԣ֪ʲô˼ûϢ
ֻǶ˵ҪҴԥ
ڱչҪʱ̣Ҳ֪ʲô̶ȣҪôóȻöǰȥĻǻܵ˺
ǡ
Ŷ㣬ҴϵҲǴС֮ĹϵȻû˵ģ¶ΪҼҪǵʲôҪҪĻֹڵʱ䡣
һʱ֮䣬Ҵϵ濪ʼѡ
ʵڱչҪʱʱûа취Ͷ档
ҵĴҲ֪ǵĴСͻȻʧ٣Ҳ䣬ɡ
ʲô飬ʲôǲȥʾֱӷԸȥͿˣԸ϶Ҫ󡣡
ҴϵǼʶ;ḻģ΢˼Ƭ֮Ѿ˾
ܲУǶʲôð취ӦŵʲôԸĻԸϵģȻǴСͻȻʧĻҲȺףҲûʲôϾҲһ֮һĻȨġ
ԣĿ˼֣ǿҴ϶֮µҲûм֡
ֻƬ֮ϱǹŵȻЦݣãȻҴѾ˵ˣôҲûǿѵıҪҴ仰֮󣬶Ҳˣպ֮һʱʹϹͨ
á
ҴϼûмȥʵһҺǿĿŶ뿪
Ȼ
Ҵϵע֮»뿪ȴδ߶Զ˻ȥˣ˶ûע⵽ԼʱӰ죬ᳵ·Ƶıչصĵط
ǽյʯţ첽˽ȥ֮Ӱ׵ʧɽ֮С
֮ǰҲչعֻǸʱɽ棬һʱϲһعĵطĻҲǿȡ˵żĺôġ
ɽϮˣѧĴˣȥɽôԶֲȫˡ
ǡ
һоٶ;пûκεѶȡ
һ
ҵ
羡ŵԼĽŲһ̽ŵĳɽȻߵɽʱʯϿϤ
絶һı̲ס΢΢һĨȡ
þò
죬Ǳƽ˫۴ļһĴк

þò
ʲôʱ
ʯϵкû۾ȥ硣

1398 µû

1398 µû
ûܵͻȻֵӰһ㣬ɱԭģϢʵϣǽüͷȴǳ
ʲôûܵӰ졣
ǡ
ĺǻţ
ЩӦûӵù۾صֻúЦ
ˣҲǵһμˣôģҵҲǣٱأҲὫˡ
αأ̲סЦ
Ƶ˵ڣ˵ȴجġ
˵ġ
г
Ȼ
ʯϱĿ䳰ȷ֮»˫ۣһ˫īɫĿǾĿɽͻȻֵ֮ͣüšһ𣺡㡭
㣡
컹ɻǰӰ
ϾǶŶģҲǶġ
İΪʲô᲻˵ķӦ֪ԼڱչҪʱԼ˵һֵĻ
ǵ۾ͬĵֱŵʱ򣬱Ȼס
ǰˣǶ
һչͻƵĹؼʱͻȻһӰ˳ŵԼԼˣʱȻû׷ݺԼˣһ˫еͳȴӡһӡ档
ں
ܹȥãܹȥʱ䣬ǰǲǱģ˭ģ
˵޷ͻȴģ
Ǻǣüԣ£籡΢΢һĨȣȻĲӻĵǰ
ǰӰĳϣ͵һڼŭģ˲䴫һѪζǿѹȥûǰѪ
㣡
ǡ˫ͷ
ǰôǶǸСӡ絭ȻЦЦҪǸСӵĻϹϾɣϾôϲŮ
绹Ǹҵ
ռ˶壬ûнƵ˶ϣȻʱҪһҾǶ֮ǰαװģΪƭģ¡
»Ѿ˵Ķ˰ɣ
˭
ͳŭ⣺Ϸԩ޳ΪҪ͵ϮϷ򣡡
ѧչذܱţǴɡ
Ѱ˲Ѫ𶼲飬Ҳ˵첢֪ǰ˭ֱӱݣҲûʲôµģԴʱ𣬱һĶҪ书ƹܺţԴڵĵӹûеκεˣûκεĳҡ
ȴû뵽ȻҪʱܵش
챾ϳɣڱǰ˴̼ģֱ߻ħ
ŭ绺ڣȴǲش⣬ת⻰˵˵һһ˰ɡ
ǿϧԭۼžҪͻ˰˶ˣû뵽ôؼʱ̣ڱһ֮󡭡
ôѪűĴ۾
ҲΪǴε˲˰ɣĪ˵ͻƣҪȬ˰ɣ
ЦŰûаΣ˵ҵĲأ
ҵʱӦֱӴһƾֱˣӦֱȡҲôĥˣ

Ҫ˵ڶ֣Ҳǲǣ
˵ĹԽԽƽ죬̧Ҳǻһ͵ϮʱҪֱӽɱ˵ġ
Ͼնݲ綼ǻû뵽ʱǧһʱͻȻƲסڵѪ춯֮£ֻǼ򵥵͵Ϯһ죬뿪ˡ
ڲһˡ
ڱҼǸûõϷ絹ԸҲй֮ԼĲǲȴһ
Ҫ
ȴǴĵΪ˺书ˡ
죬ȻǼֵ⣬ôÿƵġ
ô
ֻʯµˣ
紽ȻһĨѪЦݣúһʱɣ
飡
ȫڵķ˹ȥ
ԭΪֱӵУû뵽֮ǰʯϵȴٿڿնַĿڴ
һƣʮ
ꡪ
ѪƲĿţ
𺳵ĵɴ˫ۡ
ǲ˼顣
첻ڱչصϢĹ
ΪʲôܶԼ
칥ʲôطãԼʲôʹ࣬ΨΨĿڵֻѪƣ㣡
ˣ

1399 1

1399  1
ֻڿնٶʯϣһϵеĶͬˮһ̧֮ĿǰҲǶ˼Ͳм
ΪϷ͵Ϯһλᱻ͵Ϯ˵ڶΣ
ߣ
Ϸûô
һ
ͳô꣬Ȼ㲻߳ƣȴҲǷ֮һα͵Ϯʱ򣬳ôĿΪһֱڰʤҲΪΪûЩħ֡
û÷
ڶεıչء
Բٵڶط
̤ɽĵһ˲ʱǲĵʱ̶׼֮֮ǰֳǰķӦֻΪǰ͵ϮԼ˷ɾ裬
ŻԼʱ׼
㡭ôܣһΣ𾪵Ŀʯϵ죬þòͻˡ
ģôܻԼһƻôأ
콣üӥĿ˭˵Ϸ˵ģ
㲻ŵˣǲ˽ʲôɣ

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˾ӣȱ͵ϮˣΪ˴ҲǻṫƽҪǻϼҼ¾ͻ˵ֱӽˣȻøֿ磬翪ڡ
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տʼǴֱӽɱȥĻʡһѪƵӹˣϾƳ޵ģѪƵӹǿȴҲá
Ҫ֮ǰԼĴ󲿷ֹƳ涼ɽиջˣԼҲڶ¹ƻҪƹƳ浽׹á
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1403 ΢

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̲סզһĸŮТĻѽǸˣҿŶҪأ
ЦȻȴڳţȻûʲôԵģĸŮھԵǰҲֻЩ˷Ŀɳ
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ķӦҲֻһ˲䣬˲ŰЦ˳ţ浱Ϲɣ
˱ӻҵǰţ
ǿЦ
ǴĵҪЦˡ
ǿϧ

1405 ôЦЦ

1405 ôЦЦ
Щ֮ǰûᳬңأȽϵʸûУ
ôЦЦ
֮ǰȷǵùʼվʱģʹ˴ûнеϣϼҼһ˵ϣϺϺѩһȴĲˡ
ҿԷ
ǾͲһˣûлᷭ
ȻЦŵģüۼȴɱ⡣
ͻȻֵϺ񣬺ϺѩǺ𾪣ѾǸ˸𣿲Ѿ뿪Ϊʲôʱ򻹻ǵǰҪʲô
䳰ȷ֮еʱȫĸŮԺת˳ͷŭ
Ȼǵǰֺҫ
ǵȷǲ빬ΪģǾ㲻ȥҲҪС˸úóһڶ
Ѿˣû֪˵ѾռУˣҪǡ
ҪٽɱĻ±Զܣû˻˵ȥҲ֪飬ǸʱϺϺѩҲûʲô֮ˡ
ֻǲ֪
Ǹߵ˻᲻ʱ˿̶ڰʱԼĸŮ˹
Ƭ֮䣬ϺѾ˾̧ȹģ㳯Ŀȥһȥ㲻Ҳֻʣһ
û뵽Ϻ˾ȴ˫ȾҪߵ¿һ˲䣬飡
һӰȻֵϺǰֽϺȷת
ꡭ
ֱ֣ŤϺĽ
ϺֻԼͷѵⷿ𣬸Ӧɫʹࡣ
ǰֵǵӰųʹĽлϺڿһ۵ĶһֱֱĽϺ˦˳ȥ
ϺǶߵķˤڵϡ
飡
һ
ϺѩͷûзӦǰͻȻת
Ӧ˻֮æϺԣ죺㡭
û°ɣôˣ
Ϻѩͷ￴ŵϴڴڵѪϺˣϺɫʹֻ࣬ԼҪһ㣬Ϻѩ书Ȼ㲻ڰεͷȴҲǲ͵ġ
һû书ķˣǰ˵˭Ϊ书ǿΪҪ

С˵ΪʲôԶȱˡ
ǰ۾Ϊȥ죬Ǹˣǰ˸书ǿˡ
һһԶòһ
Сˣ
Ȼһ
ΪͽǸ˾ͿΪΪ𣿡
ɱ㣡Ϻѩǳ⣬Ϻ֮󣬱ŭĿ
ڷѾˣûʲôúµˣû֣ϺѩҲֹһҪԼǸˣһҲˣ
ҲԼԸˣ
£ϺѩҲǵǰ˳֣
˭Ϻѩһ㣬ݣ˺Ϻѩһ书˲ⷿ𶯡
ϺʹڴϣҵĿϺֵǵĿϺѩ
׶Լ⣬ȻҲûܳΪƴǵĹʧ裬ҲĿϺϺѩþôԼǰˡ
Ƚ֮£ͺˣȻԵõվһԣۿϺѩ˵Ц绨Ǻǡ
ΪʲôһҲֻǸһҪĸŮĹ
˵˭СأҿǲСˣǼֻˮˣȻҽſ񣬽챾˾кãֻôд
īףǿ
ЦĿϺѩϺ֮󣬱ĿŵǰǰīԸš
ǰĶīķԸ֮󣬸ǼӿеĶ
Ƕīȴ˵Ķи𺳡
īס
īסⲻǶҵ𣿣
ҵôܻķԸ
Сʹʲô
һϲԼɫջЩͷԼ֫Ҳǵһˣ
īףҵˣ
֪ƳŵΣΪͬΪŵĵȻΪŰ
㻹ŵ𣿡ĺԲĵŶīס
ϺҲģٶȳǶī׹Ƕīȴ˵ָʱޱ顣
˵ǳһֻǼӿеĶϺϺѩҲɲǶī׵Ķ֡
ǺǵЦԽĴ̶ţΪŰ
ΪŰôҵĻô

1406 İԼɺ

1406 İԼɺ
˵ĸŮ˻Լɺˣ
̲סЦ
ͲǷԼŮ˵ʱˣīΪŰ
ʤΪ߿ܡ
˾ˡ
ôʲôã
ʵ㣬ֻǶī׻ҵĻԺŶҵĻûǸȵˣ
ھҪ֮أ
еЦȥīףݺݵ֣κλȥĻᣡ
ǣīޱֱ̧ݺݵرܿϺϺѩ˵Ĺֱ˫˵ĲϺϺѩ˵ɴ˫ŵĿŶīס
īûа㲨ֻ˫ֻݺݵ˵Ĳ
û֮ǰīֻǶһĵӣᣬҴ书ڵĳɾ͡
֪ʲôҡ
֪ʲôš
֪ʲôƳ溦ˡ
ֻ֪˭˭ãͶ˭Ҳã˭ͷԸ
ȥ㱣˵ʲôʲôȥɱ˭ȥɱ˭
ǰϺϺѩò绨ɶīûаϧ
ꡪ
Ĺͷ
ϺϺѩһᣬû˺ʱ˻ɴ۾ŵĿڵķ
ôܣ
ôСǿһǵʲôľܾ
ϺϺѩӰߵķһˤڵϣû˺һĿԼŮǹ̵ķȴܵ˴̼һʧʹࣺ񣡡
ѩ
Ů
ҵŮ
ܹȥĽϺũѧʬ屧ڻУڵ档
￴Ͷī׵ʹޣǡǾȻɱŮ
Һƴˡ
¥ڵˣҲǲ书ģϺϺѩһǸûϻһֻ˴Բ⡣
Ҫұ𣿡
϶㻹ô棡֮ǰϼҿûݺңҾ£ȥŮɣݺݵĿڣī׸ֱ֮󣬽Ҳ졣
ꡪ
ﲱһᣬһ˫ŮһϸѪ
û֪֮ǰϼҷһʱķĸŮϢؽԺʱû˷
ǵʬֱü֮Ž֪
˻㱨ŮǲԼʱϼҷЩ֣˭µֶ֣ޣŻĳֺ
ǽһ˲䣬ϼҷ˱㽫Լɻѹȥ
˾ˡ
ĸŮˣϼҷ˵һһĺϢ
û
ϼҷʲôû˵ֻ˵ô֮㲻֮ģĸŮ˵ʬҲûȥᣬܲˣֱòϯţţ

ڤɹĸԼױҼ˹Ƴ棬ҲѪƣ˲ĹŵЩǣǾʹ
Ҵڡ
λװûйƵģϵס
ǵվŸĳϣһЩвŸɵĵǡ
Ҽ˼ĿűڤһۣɷµĿڣƳңŲȺףʺϹȵۣӦѡһѡͳţڰʱܷڣűһɢɳɾ
УϿɣӵļֻʣ˱ҼһҿõģʱЩɱҼ˵Ȼٺʲˣ
Ҽôһڣ²ٵ˱ͬĵͷǣҼ˵Ķԡ
Ҽ˵Ķԣ
Ҫѡ˭أ
ºܶĵӳǷ׷׿ʼԼĳϺ͵ǣǲ룬ȴ⡣
óȻΪƱǻ˵ĲģȻѾӵʵȨ߸ǺܱҪ飬յ顭Ϸˡ
ΪĿܣѡ
Ȼˣ
˺ˣҶִˣҪϷ˵ĻǶΪʺϵŵ
ִ뿪ʱ򣬱Ҽ˰֣Ŀڡ
˻
֮󣬲˵񶼷˱Ҽˡ
ˡ
ҼǷ
ȻƾԼǲƾԼܸƼԼĶӣǱҵ˰ɡ
û뵽ҼȻȥﶫ
ҴϺɵűҼƺҪӱҼҵҼǱǿȵģϧñҴʧˣűҼãҲڱҼҵֵǣǿǿ˱Ҽġ

1407 ӵ

1407 ӵ
үڤϣҲûаķߺޣѵүҲ޳ɶΪŵ
¶Ūá
˹ˣ
ҴүһϲǿʤˣȻô׵ľ͵ͷ
ҵЩֻñ𾪵ˡ
ǱҼȴûпλɻ𾪵Ŀһ㣬ڣϷ֪Ȼᣬ书˵ҲڶӳߵģǴεѡ
һ˱ϾˣվλãҲʱøһĻᣡ
Żδഫȥ
ҼϴŴ΢Ц˵ĻҲȷû
֮ǰŲڡ
Ҫ϶ҼͻȻΪӣڹƳҵǸʱͦʵҪΪǳȻΪ
ѡѡ
Ȼ̰棬ʵȭͷҲʵʵ
Ǳڤǰ¶Ҫõģ
ˡ
ʧء
Щ˲νһҲûż䣬ҪƾҼҲǱ˵ˡ

ζб
һϵ֮ڳĺܶ೤ϵɢŹڳ˶˾һ㣬˭֪ܲ˭Ǵʲô⡣
Ȼ֪ô˵Ҽģ㱱Ҽ˵ʺϣڳЩȴǲ
ҾòС
Ҳ˵ֻЩˣ˻һţϼҼͱҼҲΪҪѡΪ
ҵĴϻȻڣ˵Ҫ˶ĻûʲôȴҲֱӸݣݴ۲һ±֣
ǰǰ
Ҵϻ£̵õ˺ܶ˵ͬ
ݴûʲô
ϾҲ֪׷ϳΪҪʸ񣬿һδ̫ˣ
ҴҲǱŹƽ̬ȣ˵һ乫
û뵽Ҵϻµʱ׵ȴǻȻֱ֣˫صĹҴϵĿڴ
˻
ڳɵһ󵹳
߶Σ
һֱΪǿ书ȻѾﵽ߶Σ
Ļ˭˵书ǲڳЩϺ͵ǵģ
ꡣ
ҴϱһѪ𺳣׽ĵǷ׷ǰҴϡ
ϣϡû°ɣ
ҼʼϹŵȻСŷãкܶ˲ģ̫СŵȴֲĴ֧֣ټ϶˵书Ȼ
ЩԹصֻܱѹȥ
ڣǻʲô𣿡һֱĬ籡䣬ȴûκ˿ڷˡ
Ȼû˷ԵĻ
Ǻá
պ󣬱ҶΪŵһңһиϲѶҪ
۾պδ䣬һֱӭȢδ˹ţ
֮Ų뿪˴ãҼűڤȺ˹ȥ´ûлعЩǺ͵
ϡ
Ҵ͵һȣִ˿Ѫϵıȴغ
Ҳ֪Ǹǻ
ܾвõԤУ
뿪˴֮»صԼķУһ㶼⡣
ЧףŹƳϾԵȭͷտʼЩ˻ЩԼΪǷûñĪ˼Уö֮û˸ҶԼΪκε
£ҪǣԼ书ɹĽ˱䣡
ܺƴǺ࿹⡣
Ĺ˳ҵĹСı˳ֻżȻ۽ǵ⿴ǹϵݵʱȴ𺳡
ǡô£
ҵ䣬ͱҵ䣬Ȼһ
üĽֻ鲢򵥣Ȼʲôһ㣬嵽ϼҺңûһӰٶȵĻصԼķ֮ڡ
ǰŵĹ
Ҳݡ
ǡ
ķݣ
Ŀ𺳣
ǰķ䣬ȻǡŲͬģ
ǰ˶ζһڵھŶϵļȴǸͬ
ʯ֮䣬Ժ˲һͷ
ˣ
ˣΪʲôźûͻƵڰ˶κ͵ھŶΣֻͣڵκ͵߶ˣ
ԭ⾹Ȼǳ⹦ġ
˶֮ѣҪƺ
Ϊŵ𽥷չ׳Ѿﵽһʢƽȵ״̬

1408 

1408 
ƽ֮ҲûʲôΣգûʲôΣȻҲûʲô֮ǣҲͲþ֮󣬲þ㲻ᷢƺĸֵĹؼ
һѭ
Ҫ˸书ҪŻԼ书ӱһΣ
ĵھŶΡ
ΪŷչڷѳĴ壬Ĵ岻ǵʱǰŽᣬǸһĶΪҪƿŵȨСľķ塪
ֶûŽᣬôܻὫԼĹ˷
ʵʵģҶ֪ҵĹʲôҲû˷ŶϴڵĲ죬ܽķݹںһҲ㲻䣡
˵Ҳˡ
ô궼ûܲܣȻһͱ˸ˣ
˰ɣ
춼ãʺϳΪŵԲŻһϲ
ݹУ֪ܵˣҲֻԼˣ
ŵЩ϶ܵ벻űʵѴﵽֻǴûаѸԵĹһѣ
Ц˲𣬸ǿĺʹ졣
ڸҵ˻ᣬֻҪŶΣϾûκҵĶˣ

Խ۵İϼҼôֳ꣬ôꡣ
һϣԽǰ³ɺһ㵽ˣܲÿģ
ܲã
ǰԼȻЦŵʱҲκεĿܡ
磬㷢ʲô飬Ȼ˸ˣҲеˣǲǽյļκ˳ҪΪŵˣ
ˬʵЦֻǵô򵥣ңŲܣֻҪһЩʱúõҳɹű֮ûκ˻ҵĶˣ

ǺһϢ綼úʹ죬ֺοʱˣ
𣿡ҲĻù磬ϲˣ
ʱҪúõıչûʲôҪ㲻Ҫңͻű֮㣡Ŀ⾼иǼᶨִš
صĵ˵ͷ磬ס
ʵŮʱĺܺú壬ֻҪ˵һ仰֮󣬱Ķº
Ҫʲô˵ֱӰԼڷвϼԺ뵽ǧֿܣֻܻҪĸ֪ҪʲôҪѺܾõʱ䣬ҲԸȥȡ
ȥȵģ
úõɣһڼŵһУϺȵģˮߴӵĿ緢ģҲǸڵķ֡
ĸܿЩŶΣۻƴٶȳֵĻ綼úˣ
ŴѾպ۾磬غ˷ţȻĳˡ
ʹ
д󳼶ƴͻȻλƸ裬Ѿ˺ܴ΢ʣû뵽ƴǺֻ֮Ȼ׼дȨУҲǸɽҰϼҵļУ
Ҳ˵ϼҼ֮ǰɽڳ֮ûʲôͱ죬ǳ֮ǰһֱƴǴóĴҲǴڡ
ة¾ͺ俶ҪµۣԽةĸȥ֣ҲԸܵġ
ΪʲôҪѾоʸة࣬Ƕ˸ûʲôˣ
ɲǹҼǰϷдȨҪ˭㽻˭ֶкʵʣ
Ҳ𽫾ȾܾϺŭϼҼҲǺѺá
ȻδƴǿڣϼҼֱ̧˽𽫾Ĳӣ˹Ƴ֮ϼҼ书ΪҲȴǰѪ顣
Խ𽫾ķʱϼҼϲû̫ı飬ֻɱȻ
ƴĿ⺮̧ҪǰֹϼҼٶҪ졣
꣡
󡭡
𽫾ȻĿ֮£
˻
𽫾սĽ
书ǿ˵һľͱµģǡǿڳڶ󳼵ĴڣϼҼµǰȻ
ȻĲһ
졣
о㤡
ڶ뷨ʱϮ˵ͷĿϵϼҼǵ΢ʵģȴû˸ٱֳˡ
˭ң
˭
ҪٿڣҪ𽫾ڶ
кܶ൨СģѾϼҼ𺳵ľٶŵ˫ȷĿ

1409 ѪƵ1

1409 ѪƵ1
ֶҲ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʲôû˵ֱӾͽ˸ˡ
𽫾ڳеλͣϻսպյģֻΪ˵һ䲻ͱˡ
պĳãǳ
Ǻͽûʲôֱ
Ҫɱ˾ͿɱȫҪ֤ݺʵһԵĴ𺳷ŭƴǵɫҲǺܺÿüţϱأƸϵ
ϼҼǲ̫ˣƴǽдȨøϼҼǣǻʵԼĳӵʱҲҪоԵɺ֤ݲܳ㲻ܶ˽̡
ǳã
ŹأҹɭϵĳãڵĽɣ
ϼҼܺسù涨ĻôλãҲҪһ£ǲҪϼҼˣ
㵱ǡȲѡΪˡõҩȥֻεƴǴӦϼҼҪ󣬿ںϼҼŵĲʱƴʼղǹ˳ǫĽɫ
ҲǶϼҼͶȫȻûκεİ취
ƴǵ涯ŭˣѾӶϼҼĳƺϷֳŭ;ġ
֮ǰʱ򻹻ƴòԵĳƺϼҼһϼҼ𽫾֮ƴǶϼҼĳƺֱָĳϼҼ
ƴǿʱԽϼҼϻŵġ
ɲϼҼƴǵʱ򣬲ûаΣʼմŵЦݣǣ̫ϻ˵ǣԺ΢ע⣬Բ̫ϻѰġ
һ̫ϻʣһ΢ϼҼѾȷԼݡڱУǻλҲĳɹ¡
˳
ʲô飡
ϼҼı飬ƴ˦䲻ȥϼҼϼҼؿųЩϻ̳ϿֵĿԼȺһμǸЩǣպڳõУҪԼҲǻᰭԼȨƺʵֱ˵
͹ˡ
ϼҼԵ·ˡ
Ե·ˣ˵ԼǱ֮⣬ҲҪķ̫ʱ䣬ûôʱܺƴһĥ
ȭͷ㲻飬ȭͷ飬Ҳȭͷ
ϾվʵΪ㹻ǿĻ㹻ĻȨ򡭡һжǿ̸
ƴ˦뿪֮ϼҼĿϵվλ󳼵ǰĿڵڣǻ˭𣿡
˭
˶ˣ˭˵
ƴڳʱҶûиƴǵӣƴѾ뿪ˣʣµЩ̸θأ
ǿɶ𽫾ڶʲôû˵ֱӱ˺ˣ
Ǻǣܺá
ڶϵĻ֣̿ϼҼ𿪣ӴǱ㼷ô֣˱ë
Ȼû˷ԵĻôԺڳ֮бҶˣ
£ϼҼҲŲƴ뿪ֻǱϼҼĮϢ𺳵ˣȴûע⵽ϼҼߵʱĿȴһɺ졣
ɺ죬ΪŭģϣҲһֻֻ޼Ѫơ
ʹС
ĽѾȵȲˣƴǺֻӰٶȳԼǰʱʵһֿˣĵؽƴǺֻһԣżǵĿڣƴǣ˵˵ǵʲô
ΪʲôͻȻҪƸǻΪۣʲô𣿡
ƴǵʱʺϴڽӴлӣĺ֪ġ
ǽһ³Ƹ̫ȶһ³İպͳҲ֮е飬óƸǻΪۣδþԵ̫ϷˣֻǸĺӣʲô
Լղã̸ȥأ
ȻƴǺֻǺ֮ˣһǵĵΪ֮ĽҪҪһ˵Ϊ֮Ȼ󡭡ûʲôܰæģðһѣ
ԳĽ׵ʣƴüĽնݳ
ȻƴûϸĽʼĩֻǼ򵥵Ĵӱ֮³֣Ѿóĺ˲ס
նݳ
ն¹˵Ĳݡ
¹˵ĸ
һΡƴǴȥǸ¹ƵյĿˣ
ϼҼı¹Ƶˣһֱ˵󣬸޷׵ھԸֻ취ȥ˸Ƴˣ
Ϊ֮ƣֻгһϷϼҼɾ裬ɾͬʱʶı¶Ǹ˵ݣǸθģҲϼҼʲôϵܹϼҼ͵һ̶ȣǸ˱Ҳ޴ˡ
취ͽУɱ

1410 ѪƵ2

1410 ѪƵ2
Щʱ˵һЩҪһζǫòĶĺãվԽߣԽԼ
ϾֻվԽߣˤԽݣƽˤͷʲôֵþȵĵط
Ȼ
̶̵ĸֱѾóĽ𺳣ҲóĽײٶʡ
аɣȻҲ㲻ٶˣֻһҪСģûоԱҪİ֮ǰֱӺǸ¹˶֡Ľϣһ˫ڣȴĿء
ôˣ
ֻųĽ˵ĻͷһֱӽŵĿʵΪʲô˵
ûоԱҪİ֮ǰֱӺǸ˶֣
Ǹôˣ

֮⻹ʲô
ֻҪܽ˸ץ֮СűܿĹƳ治ˣʲôֵǼɵ͹ǵأ
ŵʱ򣬳ĺױѸٴϢ˵Ҫķֻ֣ǵʱŵĲŵֻ޵˵һ֮ء
ѾȻҪʲôֵⷢóĺ״뾳˳Ļʹ֪ǴΣգһҪǰȥͨƴǺֻ
ƴδֱӻش𣬵صĿȴǲֵֻġһͬصĿ֮£ĽûйĽֻͣǽһֱŵĶС͵˵ǰ
ڲҽʱżȻ֣ǿͻҵĹ˼ˡ
ֻƴ໥һۣ˵鼮·
һдơ
йƵҽģ˵ҴҸ׵ҵģҽڹƳҲиϸļˡ
ֻƷиֹƳãƳ಻ͬй˴˺ҲǲһģйƳΪ𺳵ĹƳ棬Ѫƣ
ڻƴǷǱҽʱ򣬳Ľ׼򵥵ĽԼõϢͬ˽ţĿأҪǸ˵ĳ̶ȻûѪƵĻҵֻҪɱɽһµĹƳ档
ܸӵܽİ취ô򵥡
֮ǰֻͳĽֵĹƳ棬ǿ¹⼸⿪
ѪƣǹƳԣԵڵĸ壬ɱǸƵҲ⿪ƴڵĹƳˣ
˵ʱĽɫᣬȻҪ׵ҽô¼ģԼҲǲԸŵġ
ңǸѪżǿӾȡ˵Ѫ˳㽫书ݸй˵ϣй˵书ΪѪƵĵȼԽ߶Խǿ
Ľÿ˵һ仰ƴǺֻĶжһ־޴ĴҲû뵽ƳôӣôѶ벻
ƳȻǿ
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ǰƴǣ뵽ʲôؼ𣿡
ֻͳĺɻԼƴǱĿڣƺϼҼЩԾ

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СֻȻûڳпϼҼν𽫾ȴ·ϣ˲ٵķԷڳ֮飬еĵҲԽԽࡣ

1411 ִ

1411 ִ
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1412 ǵɫ

1412  ǵɫ
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1413 Ϊˣ

1413  Ϊˣ
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1414 ʰ̯

1414 ʰ̯
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ԭʢ۷壬ڵڶ࣬ӣ緢Ȼϲ徲ԴУȴڽе͵λС

1415 Ҳΰ

1415 Ҳΰ
ڡ
Ƴ溦˲ٵĵӡ
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֪ΪʲôǳɹĽˣҲܺãۼžҪŶεıԵȴĪķ֮꣬ǰѾǿԼ̬ڷбչ֮Ҳû¡
Ҳܵ˲СľţȺúõϢɣٹȥ㣡
ɵĵͷ֪Լ书µãˣҲչ˺Լ壡
粢ûм˼԰һ֮ת»ص˵С
ӭŨѪζͳʪȷʵޱȵʣ·ڻصεһ˲䣬еĽǸϲĻ
ǿĨӰʱĪİȡ
뱻ǿι˺ܶҩȻסܶۼɫȷʵת˺ܶ࣬ϢҲ񵱳ձʱǰ㱡
ζŻӵζ磬бŵĲ˱仯ϵҲΪĶ졣
̹ŵĴ˲ϣ˲Ǳŵ˫˫΢΢Щͣ٣Ҳһ˲䣬㱻ѹȥ

1416 иԭİɣ

1416 иԭİɣ
ʲôɳƣʧѪɫĴǸƤһ˫۾ȴĿ׺ǲһʱѰһᣬҪһ
㴦ĻǶԸţҪʲô
ûƽ޹ʵĺޣҲûƽ޹ʵİ
Ҫɺͽڵġ
Ե޹ʵľͿķô캦飬һĿĵģ
ֻǾʲôĿĲʾ֭Ҳ벻ѲɵΪƹƳ棿Ȥ
Ŀ׺ݵĲ룬ԲʣзûаŭĴ΢΢һĨȣŲ˲벻ԶĿţ΢üɫȻĿŲ룺ʲô
ȻΪ˶ŵȨˣ˭Ϊ⽭һɵأ
Ժŵĵӵкβɣ
ȨưǸöܳȫҪһУ
һ㣬Ǻģǰҵʱ裬ԴԼʵ֮󣬱û۸ڡǻ۸ˡ
۸˵ĸоǺܲ
˱䣬û뵽Ȼ˳ϿҵĻشԼ⣬̹
Ϊʲôң
ԸشԼ⣬ֿ׷ʣҲҪ׹ģ
ܲܲ岻ľΪ
ҴСǶôĲһⱲӲ뻹ûյأǰ˸ˣ
вźۼ⣬ȴĵĶ硣
տʼβ⵽Ϯǲ̫ΪʲôҪɱˣԴ˼ڵвϵȡѪʱ򣬲źȻԭԼѪ˵ע⣬Լ֡
Ϊʲô
ڵڶ࣬ΪʲôƫƫѪ޷أ
ѪʲôͬѰĵطŻϲ
Ҳ֪
Բ׷֮£仰˵ĵǷģҲ֪Ϊʲôô˵ѪɣֻںѪ֮ϵѪƲŻĪ
ԣҲ֪Ϊʲô
֪Ϊʲôڲһİĸо
Ȼʣµĺûͬ˵ģֻŵĿŲ룺ΪʲôѪĪң룬ʱûʲôɵǵġ
ΪѪá
ԡ
ֻҪ绹Ҫһ죬ǰȫġ
ֻǻƲɣطóԺúȵչŲ룬רȥιҩ֤ȡѪ֮ܿٵ̲
ģ
粻ͲΪʲôѪԼĪ棬תתƵ۵ϣ
ǸûڱƻԼĺ£ջŵǶʱǶڲʱ̱Ų룬Լ͵Ϯ룬ûܱܿǸ겻ɢۡ
һΣ֪Ϊʲô˵ôأ۾Ȼûг֣
ѵҲǸֻƴ뿪ţ
ǲѽ
ҪСػڲô׵뿪أ
书˺ܴĽѾɹĽ˶Σ۸ȴвϣܲܳɹͻŶΣҪһж·ʯİõӵ֮λҵϼҼڳΪ֮һͬȥ˳ĻȨ
Ȼ˵ʲôʱֵңʱҪԼĺ£
ǾԲƻԼˣ
Բᣡ
֪⣬ش൱ĸɴࡣ
֪
ǲ֪
˵Ĳ֪ʲôط֪Ҳܸ磬벻Ŀٶվ
ĿŲ룬ȴЦ˳
͵͵Цƺġˣ
Ǻǣй
ŵҴС㣬Ǽ£˱ϢĻţȴĹˣǲˣڲĻشȻģû˿⣬Ҳûκεķŭ֪ҪΪڲϵõȷĻش
Ҫһϵı顣
Ͳɱ㣿
ȻЦŵģ˵Ļȴ
ȻˣǾ͹ֲĺˡ
Ϊʲôң
ҲֻǸңһǰúõĿϲ޷ˣҵǰǱĺ͹һ
紽ǴѪЦݣԣӦ˵磡
۾ε书ǿֻҪǴ߶˹Ƴ֮󣬶Ǳڵϴʱκε鶼źŵŹڲǰҲ᳹׵ĵ̶
˲ͫ΢š
͵͵ЦŲϵĻź͵Ƿ꣬ȴ䲻롣

1417 ͷܿ£

1417 ͷܿ£
Ǻǣ˵ҲǿЦСӣǰŵ˶㣬ҸոռʱҪȥ˵һ쳣״ʱ㲻ȥĻϲȥ۵ĻԶһĵĻͲˡ
ϧѽϧ̫ϧˡһʱ֮ϵıǸпƺڶĸп涫òֵ
װ˷СӵǻѪֻȥϲһϲ˰ˡ
ǽ˿Ŷúǿϧ
ʲʲô
ζŲ𾪵
ò˵һλĴ˲룬òͷһ
ͬʱԺУʱҲ֮ǰ쳣ֻǵʱȷ˼ϣȥӹҲǴ˶ǰռĺʱ
Ϊ
ΪúõĻУܳʲô飿
жʱȷŤŤĺ֣ǡ
ǲĲϣ
һʵ౻֪֮󣬶ԲĴأȻֻǵļ仰ȴǺŵӴڲĿһ㡣
㡭
˵
ǰйܶȥȶֻҪ㷢ֵĻܲ쳣ȻĽȻֻϧԼûзϣһжĴ
粽ƣϧȴȻֻ֪űˣ˵Ҫ鱻С֪Ļ᲻㵽˻ȪҲĵĲģ
ֻ᲻Ϲʶ˲壿
ζʹٿس嵽ǰ˫ֽ߬ˣŭĿ磺ˣ
Ҫ˵ˣ
Ҫ˵ˣ
ɱ㣡ں޳˲ģ޲úǰͬھǿͶһò֮󡭡ıͬһ㣬κ
ɱң㻹
㵹ǿԿôԸ˵ġʹ࣬úֱ࣬ӵίҲźתˡ
׶ڲ滹һĵλģ
Թ߶Ѿܿ۵˼ϧ˶ѽֻ֪֮ˣȴûа飬ȴػŲ룬ίʵǲֵõġ
ꡪ
绰֮ͻȻе̡
Ȼ۵¹ƣôȻҲб´߶ϵĹƳ淢
ĵ̱֮еСд˳ţǣڲԶ֮˵ȴʹĥ

éڡ
ս˫۵ٿ˫ŵʹĵͳӿдѹ֡
۽˲ٵ˺ζǱĶֶɱ
ȻδζʤǶ˵Ҳ˺ģǵɱһǧ˰ٵĳ̶ȡ
۾ûôõˣܵ˺͹ƳĥҪԼĬĬܵġ
һ˶ɽµéͬʱҪֿڵĹƳʱʱĿҧԼ
éڴ񣬿û뵽ͻȻһҵʹǿҵ۶ʱ˫ۣĿϱҲǸų
һѪʱ۵Ŀ˳۶ͷһ˫аȵһǾ͸ӣǺԥܵĪǣһ㣬Ųĵ뿪éݣֱֱĳŶҵĵαȥ
Ҳǡ
ŹǵѴȥ
ûһǵϤӰȻڶҵΣҵʹȻʴ۵񾭣дʶȴ𾪵ĿűĲ룬վηǰĶ
һֱڱչҲûŽϢģ֪ʧˣһʵ˲ٵɻȡ
ϧֻ˲䣬ɻ;ȱ㱻ϵľʹѹȥ书ǿѾţɴʱɫѿˡ

ǲã˿˿ɻ󣬿һζδ翪ڻشڵеĲ˲ζſڵԣĳۺǶѾˣ
Ǹˣ߲Ҫңߣ
ʶ뷨ֱӳ۴ڴߴ١
ǣз۹Ƴ淢ĸǰʱ򣬱ҲܴԼǰˡ
ӣ
ûô򵥡
С֮ǰһֱڱҵĺ£ҳȻôܻô򵥵뿪£۷Ӧ
ŹǵѣǱ߶ʱĴ
ϵʹҲԽԽ࣬һ˫аȵһۣʺѪ˿

ʹĹڵϣٿ̣ȴ̲סͺʹ࣬ƳڲȥֿӰһ㣬Ŀҧ۵

1418 ˵Ŀɱ˵ģ

1418 ˵Ŀɱ˵ģ
˺ѵʹ˲ðŴ졣
ۡڵϣ۽ʪ󣬸ʹĿڵķϵʹ࣬޲ܺһܹƳĥ
翴Ų˼ǹɫĿ£ǱߵĹǵѲδֹͣԽԽ죡
ס֣
ס֣
ͣͣҪٴˣ
Ƭ֮ѾˮʪʹڵϣѾãҪǻ֮ǰ죬ѾС
ʹۣѾ涣ƴڵķˣ
ס֣
㵽Ҫʲô㵽Ҫʲô
ʧȥ˳һĶڵϣʹš
ڵ˺һŽֹͣ
ȻֹסеĶϵıȴδǵװ뻳УĿĿŵϹӲдֿۣ˿еĲ룬Įɱ⡣
ʲô
뿴ξ
뿴Ųѹġ
Ҫ뿴Ǳ
ǡ
Ҫĥ롣
ڣǰ·ηԿ׾ѡŸ뿪Ұֶ㣬ͬҲѡ񣬽Կ׶ⱲӶ뿪ΣôҲڴǵѰ֡
Σ
£ֱӽеԿ׶˲Ľűߣڵ˫˸ž⡣
ҪŲѡģ
飬涫ȥȥ
ȥŲԼ۵ǰѡ
ֹͣеĹƳҲֹס˶ۻ˹ĿʹĿŵеĲ뿪ڣߡ
ǺԥĿڡ
ʱһֱڱչ֪žʲô飬ڱƳǣУеĲ˲䣬۵ϷһУΪǰ˺飬ѾǶˡ
粻˵ǰֻǳźͶһġˣ
ȻĹʲô۲ۺȷǰ˺ΣգǷβԱϣŴõʱ䰡Ѿ˲˹ˡ
ۼѵشӵŲȴִֵĳηڵĵطȥһ˫аȵһĿ⣬Ŀηٶ˰Ե



Ե۵Ŀд˳òļ֡
ۻͷһеĺԼ֣˲ò۾ĺóԿ״ηţһ뿪ط
ʲôţʲôƳ档
ֺԼʲôϵأ
ֻۣҲֻһ𣬿ǲд־߲룬ܲ˵ĸ뿪ţȻ
Ҳ˵ŵѪ𱨲ˣ뿪ֻҪƵǸŵѣԶĥۡ
ߣֻһʱʹ졣
ܶ˭Ī˺
벻Ŀʹࡣ
Ҫ뿪ȴ뿪
ƺ˲еԥصĴŴ֮£ȴ̬ȼߡ
Ҫ顣۵Խļովһʹ״̬ڻվѾǿţûκε顣
Ǻܼ򵥵飬˾۾һջȪɼҲҪ־ôƵ˸вˣ
ҧϲҰȴᶨ֣ԵеĲĿڣָҡ
һߡ
ҡ
ˮڳ̵ĽëϣȻǱȴĿۣƺ˾һĵʹӣۣԲҲܺߡ
Ҫ
ϲҪ𣡡
ۻˮʪ˫ȴץŵˣҲš
㿴ҵ۾
ҧۿ΢ĽǵеԿ˳촰˳ȥҪ涫𣡡
˵ʲôشĻԶֻôһ䣬ִֵԲȻʼźøУҺͶôĸ֪ģҲܷ޲ȥ̹Ȼ뿪
Ժҵ鲻Ҫܣ㲻Ҫٲˣ
벻ȥǷ˼ԼٿȥľͼҲ֮ʧ

ŵЦʱڵ𣬿ŲӦǸ˺ʹ죺Ŷ
ۣ˰ɣ
һŵԣԺٴ߶ڵĹƳ棬ǣһμ棬Ҿͻô׵Ĺ㣬ǻ书ȭϼߵ͡
书Ϊ߳ͬ͡
´μʱıһ˭ʤһ
ˣ
£͵͵ĳŵţҶȥûҵ׼̤֮У
ǣ

1419 Ҫĥ

1419 Ҫĥ
˲Ӱīޱĳǰǹֹĳվ۵ǰλӣԼߣҪ㡭
ڣܻ䡣
֣ĨԼǵѪζĿתĲ룬󣬻뿪˵֮С
뿪ŵĲǳ׵ķ£ӲĽۿеˮȥѾԸˣø˰ɣ
ŭ
絹Ҳܻ䣬Цţԡ
ˡ
ˣ
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ʹ
ʣĸ󡣡
ƸԼСȶ˵ĳֻƴǵķ˹
տʼʺĸ˵ֻǳżͻģڹôöûеȵĸ󣬵ԼĵˣĪĲμʲô䣬Ϊˡϡ
ƸһˮĴ۾ɻĿƴǺֻ
ƴȴǴ΢΢һĨЦݣĽƸ豧ڻУԣʱû
ʵЦӯӯĿƴųƸش𣺡ػϵĻǹأ
˵ڣʵϷŶ˼Ρ
ڵĳƸǻϣƴǡ̫ϻʡ
תЩ̫죬һʱ֮仹ûзӦֻƴǿڣٶ˽ŲҴҵӰǧһصĳƴǵǰǧһģͬʱ£
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ͬʱĳ֣һķ羰ߣңֵһֵҲȻʮϾģ
ӣѾĲˣ
ϼҼٹȻǺܹ죡
Ľ׺ƴֻ˽һйڹƳ֮ƴǵϼҼıɻ󣬸ǵǲǧļϼҼ
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ƴüĽƸ·Żص˵ϣڵĿĿǧֵˣδڣбѾ˵һˡ
ǧڻش𣺡·֡ϼҼѾܾöʳǡҪ˺ܶѪ
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ʳ
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ϼҼߵʱŻתôͻȻģôҲʹţǸҪߵʱſʼ֣ȻϼҼ书ǿûܶùǸ˵Ķ֡
֪˴ڵģΪı֡
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ڵĵأ
Щ˿ɶǲ֪ģ
ֻûйϵǲ뻹֮У
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ǧȥѡһЩŵĿסİҹӱ޵ĸϻصſ㱨ҲûģƴǱֱӶǰ̬ȹǧڷԸ
ǣ
ǧŵֵʱҲǲɵøųżֵġ
桭Ų롣
ǧĨӰǵ̤޵
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ǣ
ֵ˽ٶ뿪޵ʶ鲻ԾʵʶȤĽƸ뿪˳ƹ
˾ԵĿռƴǺֻ˵
ƴǣô죿
ֻƤͣһִ²õԤС
Ҫǰˣ˾ͿŵĻһѡ
Ҳ˵ŵĵѣĹҲǳܲסǸ˵Ұġ
֮ǰϼҼţҰٴҲֻϼҼһ˰ˣ˲ϼҵЩǣƾųʵƴǵı£ûʲôúµģźͳԿƴйƳǰµĻ
ôʤ˺ܶ࣡
ʣҪ㳲ռĹĻֽǺֵĲ״
Ϳ̿ģһЩƳ뿪ţתĹ֮У²µĵط
ûܶùƳĥ
ڣûȷĽҩ֮ǰûֿܵ˹Ƴĥģ
ֻһƴǵıºʵģҲɵϷ˵ǣ㽹ĽǵֻƴǰĽֻģȴƴǵĴֻϣ¡
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ȵȵȿŵɣҲô⣡
ƴȻİοֻϵıȴǸӣδЦݡ
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ѾȷƵ˹Ƴĳ̶ȣôҲǼӵ˵ƴϵĹƳֻץ˱ʷſԳ׵Ľ⿪򡭡
ҩɾˡ
ǺǸˣ綼档
Ǹ

1420 ǲ

1420 ǲ
ǧɳȥİܿصĻʹ̽ʵһһʮظƴǺֻ
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ʱϿûʲô쳣ֻŶҼΪµҡҡҪӭȢǵϹΪˡ
Щȥ̽Ϣǵĵǲ̫ţòСľͻᱻˣ
ֻܴŴһЩϢȻ㱨
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û뵽Щһһʮظ߸ƴǺֻʱȴƴǺֻĿ𺳣Ǹ
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֮ôŵģַʲôźͶ˸飿
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ǳͳˣȻҪӭȢţ
Ҳ˵ݻƴǵϹأƴǲδʽ㻹ƴǵĹ˵֮ǰĸ飬֮ǰĹϵ׺ôͻȻתԣ
ҪӭȢأ
ȷûдֲŵĿǰ㱨İٶ׷ʵɻո£ĲԾ

϶ǸĵҪӭȢģ
ѲɡѲɶҲǸˣֻŵĿڣĿѯƴǣ
Ŀˡ
ǱǸ˸ߵģ˭֪֮Ĺϵʲôġ
ػţҲһͬŵģ
һ֮ƴǺֻĶȻһҪҲǸ˿ƣŵͺΣˣ
ҲӲ֤ˣѾƿţڲɫ¡
ǡ˰
ȻƴǺֻ϶벻˲ֻǿƵĶǳ׵ĽɱΪµĶ
㲻֪飬Ҳ㹻ˣ
ҪҲʹĻô˵ŶѾˣǲ֮󣬾ͻֱӴֳˣֻ꣬ǵʱźϼҼӦϣܺЩ书ǿйƳ࿹أ
ƴǣǲҲҪıƻˣ
ƻ仯죬֮ǰƴҪϼҼ׷еľԣǸ˳֣û뵽ϼҼԼҲԷ٣Ϊ
Ҫµģڷãֱӱ˸ˣҲ˺
ֻ˵һá

ϼҼԼȴڲӰ쵽ƴǺֻ֪ŵ֮ôҲҪıˣѾǰõжʽȥǸ˳ˣ
֮Ӧ罫ϼҼĺǸ˽ʱԽйƵҲԽԽ࣬Ǹ˵ȨҲԽԽ󣬳ȥ㹻ǿ֮󣬱ҵҲԺֳʤˣֻɵ磬Ǹеѭ
˾ģ
ֻ飬ƴҲͬģ˵ͷüĽĿڣӦţýҲһͬ
µľƴЩǣͷһûаգµԼҪԼĸʺĸ󱨳ʱҲǳأڵ仯ѾԼĿơ
ֻڰɣһǣˡ
֮ǰһ˵ʱ򣬿ԷĴ󵨣κκȥκε飬Լһˣ˾ˣҲõĻԲ˭˭ѹ
ڲһˡ
ֻ
ԴֻԼ֮󣬱ûкúõܹ帣һֱڸԼζҪסİΣܵ˺ˣ
ƴǵ氵Եš
ԼôȥıΣֻܵ˺ǽĻһȫıϣϾĽ㲻ʲô涼ҪԼģ
ƴҲܷĵĽֻȥչˣ
롭
ƴšü˼ʱ޵ȴͻȻһˬʵЦСӣʱ֪ˡ
˭֪ԴǸոջ£һˬʵЦƼһüĿƴǺֻˡ

1421 нžǺ

1421  нžǺ
ţȴУ
ֻɫһϲ
ƴϵıҲ΢΢Щݡ
ɵãôʹԼţ
ҪˣҲǳһӣΣҵļҲһģ
첽ǰһƴǵԴƴγǰԶǵܵܣǽܵĸҲûʲôƻ
Ȼ𱸵ĻȴǶƴĹġ
㣬ˣ
ƴǱ΢ЦŵĿ档
Ӧģʱʼն뾳ʱҲҹҹܰޣ߳ĽףƸƴǶڳĻʹ֮ڣֻһ˴뾳δЩ̫ģ鰲ٺ֮Ҳӱ޵Ȼϵʹ
ʱþͿƴǺֻ˳棬Ҳǡôˣ
˵ɣʲôҪæϱķݶϽ԰㡣ɰƴҲֵԼĽ㡣
ֻЦӯӯĿźƴǴܶ棬֪Ϊʲô֮ĹϵǢĪİģнĸоɡ
ʲôʱԼ׽ԼһҸ顣
һǸ˳˲ٵĶ裬㿪ƴҲûпãһҪ
ϼҼѪ䲻˵书Ҳǿ˲٣ЩĲһУʱݾ߾ЩѰˣڽãǸϼҼץס֮Ҳ㲻ˡ
ƴǵҲûк
ϼҼ΢üֻ˼Ƭ̱㳯ƴǿڣУͽɣϢͿԡ
Ǿͽˣƴǳڵķ˹֣ǵܱܵڹŽĺϢˣ
˵ͷһ糾ȴߵѸ١
ֻȥѸٵ棬ƴεЦЦ㵽Ǹմ뾳·ģôýϢһ£ֱӽнˣ
ǵģ
ԼĶӶûܿһˡ
ƴȴǳĿֻûϵǸӣʲôǲõĻ±ϢҲðģ
ҹɫīŨĺһīһ㣬Ļ
ƴǸ֮ǧ֪ϼҼڵλãһĨӰںҹ֮Ѹٵı
Ķ죬ʱϵıҪ֮ǰͬƴǺֻ˵ЦʱϣûзʲôıֱȻǱƴϼҼ׼ۡ
£ӰȴǿþˣҹУȴҲ˿
׼ȷĵϼҼԺ֮ԼӰֻԺ洫˵ͳɳƵϼҼĿ͵ĿǰĶҵӣ˵ȥӻ㱨һǻߵĳѾֻҪӵһԽЩƳ澡¸֮еĴǡ
ʱ򣬱ƴҪȥҲˡ
ϼҼ䡣
ֻҪЩƳ¸д󳼣дյĳĳסɱȿסƴǸҪЧĶࡣ
ڷϼҼ˺ԼĵıɫǵӴӷųһ˲㿴һ˲䵹ڵϣʱ˫ۣûӦ׳ʲôһغˡ
飡
洽ǹһĨЦݣѪ
Դ湬Ĺ֮ԶˣʲôֱӷԸһڵĵӾͿˣٶȳ֣ĪľáʮֵȤ
ϼҼĶ쳣˲ӷ泯ߣǲĶҪһֱӽϼҼ±ƻص˷֮ڡ
˭ϼҼ棬촽΢΢һĨЦݣĿȴ޾ı䣬ֱǰϼҼ֣ǵˣ
顪
ַֹ̧ϼҼĿڣг޲֪ʲôʱ˳ֱֱسϼҼϳ˹ȥϼҼ书߶ΰˣ书ȷʵҪƴǸӸ˫˾һ˼غ֮±Ѿ˽
ֱܿӽϼҼǣסˣҲϼҼĿܺͷԣֱӽϼҼ˻ʹ֮廨
ſң
ſң
ϼҼĿ䣬һһ㣬޲ýǧС
ʹڡ
ֻ΢΢ȵĿȥûñֻ棬еԽԽˣûж˵ֱӽϼҼصˤڵϡ
˧䰡
ֲƴǶԼһȥץϼҼûаĵġ
Ҳȷǿ
ƴǼֵϼҼ±ļס
ϱ̧۴ƴǣأȥ

1422 ·

1422 ·
ϼҼȻܣЩŹϼҵǶȻǻģҪ˶õʱᴫϢţҪһ򣬱ץϼҼҲûʲôã
ƴ۾Ŀ󱡴Ŀ˵ðϼҼŴţҪѸٵĹ
ͬʱұ·
ڳ֮еȴǸ˴ŵĵӹǳ㳲ʱȥոڣ͸¶޵ϣһ߳ϣܽһټ
ǼڵĻǸ˽ƻľͺǺһôץβͣǵ˴ŵĵӴڳ֮󣬵˳ǱǵƴεĵϣҲɲ˷˻Ǳˡ
ҪߴϣҪѡԼƵͬʱõƵС
ȥոŰɣ֮еͽӦƴܵƴǵľ֮ȴҲû뵽ھܾƴǣڶѾǸƿˣҪóȻǸ࿹Ļ浣ƴǵİΣԼǸҪõĶࡣ
Ҽƴûйƣ书ҲǲߵģҪ˵йƳӲˣԸǸһǶ˼ϣ
ɲƴ̬ȴǼİɣҼȻôűһŰյģ㻹ǵǸ𣿡
ƴǲٺ᾿˭ȥ˭öǵ׹Ȼע
ԣ治ɵüĽ˵ǸֵĲε׹
ǵãôˣȻʱʦǸε׹棬ǼԼҲǲ֪ǲε׹Ǵʲô˼ֻǾ״֣ʦԼģʦܹ鲻øŪԼ
Ƕһ֣ء
Լоôķţ޷͸͸ԵˣҪ֪ǲε׹;ʲôõĻҲʦ͸ʱһ⡣
ԣ͸ֻҲǴԼϱĿء
ֵ֮£ƴǻĵͷǲһöͨι״ĵ׹ӵǿ԰ٹƲ֣
˻
ԣӲɵ΢˼֣ȻҲǱƴ˵Ļ𺳵ˡ
ȻŹƳ棬ö׹ڣǵǸ࿹ʱҲδԽ㲻ٵˡ
ֻϣֻҲǿ϶ĳԼͷ֮ԵķģҲ˼ֵĸпû뵽òֵֺĲǵ׹ȻȻʦĶֶûôһ˵ģ
ٹƲɲһС¡
ھȵͬʱҲЩңԼ󷽣׹ֻƴǣҲƴǺֻ׹壬ʱĻƴڵĹƳ棬ҪǵԼϣҲǷ뾳бĴŵİɣ
Ǳʵ˷ε׹ıˣ
ԺͬʱǶԼʦɻ
Ҳ֪ʦǺݣںδ
ܸǿĶˣʦıҪиҪǿģҪʱʦҲڵĻǸ˾޴ˡ
ֻǿϧʦһ䣬ֺĪ⣬ΪʦĵմӣҲ޷ҵ٣ڵ棬ֻǼϣʦԼϢ֮ˡ
֮⣬
ȻǷ޶˶һµͬĻҲ㲻ִˣֻǲʲô飬һжӦ԰ȫΪס´δֻһ˵ļϣûбҪȥһĬĬسУԶ֪𣿡
һ˫аȵĵء
һ仰ƴǿ˵ġ
Сһ˱ڹԸ񣬶ƴܵܣȻҲĶǹģǽܶദʱƴ
ǸڱˣûİοȰ˵ƴ֪ԼĽԼǹģ㰲οԼƴǸů
ģɵֿһĨЦ⡣
ã֪ˡ
㣬İɣһúõչԼģҡлڣôҲ׵˵ģƴǱ΢΢ţī˵ʱһԱصֻϡ
ͻȻƴĸףֻĪ죬̧ͷƴǺҲǶ˼ֽߣˡ
ƴ۳磬εҡҡͷ
š
۴ӵгʱѾǹƳĥľˡ
۱һطˣǲڸոճεʱȴһӰͻȻԼ󣬲һδ۷ӦֱӽԼǿȥϼҺԺһ䡣

1423 а취

1423 а취
дɻĿǰˣҪǻ˿һֹͻȻֵˣǿźֻŰ˷Ƶ֮۱ɻҲҶǰ˶ˡ
˺ֻˡ
ǺֻĪĹϵġ
֮ǰȻϼҴ˺ü꣬ǶϼЩˣĪĵ⣬ϼҵЩ˶ҲͬĿϼҾ˭֪ҲʶҪʶĻڻָʱ򣬾ֻܰҵԼˣ
񿴼ĳҲ𾪣ǡ
ɵĿڵķȴ̲סüĽ
ĿĿʱķȷûκ˷ŶۿڣϼҼ䲻ϵңȴ֪ģۡ
۴˵ͷǡ
ʲô𣿡
ֹĿǷѽ⡣
۽ԼеɻʳڣٶɫŵĿڣʱִ٣ϸ˵ԭίֻ㣬а취ʱסڵĹƳ档
ΪСľԺĮϲͱ˽
ȻֻͲһˡ
ͻȻǰֻòϼƣۻȴ׽ڿʱ۵Ǵġ
ܲ˶Լ׽ҡ
˹Ƴ飬ǳǸ˺ֻ֮⣬û֪ˣʲôʱ֪ģô֪ģ
Ѳǽ˵ģ
ǽֲ֪Լ۵ݣ˵һݷ㡭
Щд͸©ɵ㣬һʱ֮۲Ҿ׵
￴Ŀеľ裬ûйۣҲ֪۵뷨֮е顣
ֻֻߵʱǽ۰иģһֱзϣʱʱ̶̿ƶԿƳķûаֵи
֮ǰŴڼ䡣
֪ŵı仯ȴʼղ¶棬ҲͷǼڰоƹƳĽҩΪܴӸԴϽǸƳĻһʱ֮죬ǰȥǸ¹ƵˣҲʲôãƽ޹ʵ
ǸҵˣƳһַַȻܳ״ӸԴϽƳ棬ȴʱס˵߾ùƳ漴˵ҲǸ¹˵ĿƣǸƴǺȡʱ
˿ʱܹƳвרĶԿˣȺ
ԭǳҵƴǺۣϾ书ʵߣҲǱϣĴڣݹ֮УѾҲԺ࿹ˣ
ܺǰõĻôԿǸ˵ϣҲ˼֣û뵽ڽʱ򣬱˶ҵĹǵ
ر𣬼ﲻǾоƳĻҲǻᱻǶ֮ʱȴͻȻôĵ˭Ĵɻɡ
Ȼ
ĵӻûбƳƵʱ򡭡˵涼ỳɵġ
պþ
û뵽űÿɫʹӵӳۡԵˡ
ＸҲûıֱӽ۴ȫĵط±ǲʾѾܴʹɫжϳǹǵѾǺˣ
߶йڵĹƳ淢
˵а취ۿƶ񣬽ƾźֻ߰˷Ƶò㹻ĪΡ
ݲ䣬㿪ѯֻʲôϵӦҲףǺֻϵ׺ġ
Ƶͺǿֻһ㡣
ԣа취нڵĹƳסҪҵĻ
֣صĵͷ
󼸺ҲҲûģͷͷӦá

õ۵ĴӦʾͬһͬԺС
ĳܴȷûзκ֮󣬱ʾԼǰǰ˵̿ܶ˵ЩЩֻҪţ֮ͻתܶࡣ
ں۽֮Ѹٵ۵롣
ܻһЩʹ࣬ģ岢޴˺
ֻڷӡĹУƳΪʹֻ࣬Ҫʹా֮֮㽫ܹƳĿơ
ء
Ȼڵ۵ϣҲͬţΪҲǹĵЩй˵Ľ
֣ܶûйϵģס
˵Ĺ۲ɵĿ˳
ʹǧٱ۶һһܹˣǱ룬㲻ʲô˲Ĵ£ǿ̵סģҡһ뵽Լ֮󣬱ǻµʱ䲻ܵƳĥ۱ǻȥҲҪһ

1424 Ҫ

1424 Ҫ
Ϊ
ʵ̫Ҫȥˡ
ֻţҲҪš
ٶȿĲ٣˱㲻ٿ˵аֻۺϵ
ˢˢˢ
ˢˢˢ
һ֮½һϵеķӡ̸ˡ
ڼ䣬Ӳҧһûз
ʵ˿ȻҲ̤ʵ˲٣ۣҪסӡƳİ취ֻһΣ£δҵİ취Ļ뽫ٶԹƳûκεá
Ӧ˵õĻᡣ
֣أһһĺ۽
ԣϣȥҵĻƴǣǵĻʺֻҺǺֻߵʱ̹׹۵ĹϵҲ֪۾ݷ㣬ֻ˺üܵܵݷ㡣
Ͼˣֱ۵ݣֻĹϵҲֻתĸۣҪ޵ĸۣԼĻûд
ʵĻʺҵŮķҲǳĻƴǣͬȵҲ˹ơ
ҡϵĹƳ棬ǴƹȥġǷʲô飬Ӧġ
ֵĻҪԸǸ˵ϣӣñһ˹¾սҪõĶࡣԼֻĹϵ۵еûжı仯
ͲµֻĹϵȻŮĹϵˡ
ͬʱĻ˼
ƴǵϣҲŹƳģ㵹ۺ⡭ǡȻǴԼƹȥģ
ѵ
ڵĿⲻɵó˼֣ϼҼݺ˹Ƴ棬ֱƭ飬ǶûʲôЩʱĪ˯ʱ㿴ǳЦŵĿԼ
۵Ҳûɡ
Ǻ۲쳣Լϵı仯ŶɣǸʱ򡭡Ѿ˹Ƴ棬һжΪʱӡ
ڣȻԼƴڵĹƳǴԼƳȥģѵѵԼڱŪ֮ϼҼԼ϶֡
ǸƴǺԼѪô£
ûȥѯƴǾôйƵģƼȻѾˣҲ⡣
ֻ˵ģԼȥƴǡ۳ɡ
˵ۺƴʲôޣ֮ҲûκιھܡΪĬĬϲֻԭɣϾҲеݣ׿һȥƴǺЩ졣
ﲻ֪룬ֻҲû˵۵ϲġ
Ͼϲϲ飬ܹģĵʱһҫ˵
ٶȿȰ˵ŶѾΪǸеˣٲĻĹ֮󣬱ƴҲûа취ںԿˡ
˵ʵ֪ۼƳЩ֮еȫǶԹƳ𺳡
Ŷ̶̼ʱ䣬ۿǸһɳģȥǸ˼ɳֻ֮ǿʲôز
ӦԽԽã䡣
֣صվǽԼôɸѹȥصĵͷãİɣ
ġ
ڲһ˳ǿʱҲ˽˶Թʱ򣬶ֻ۵ȷҪƴһϸߵ͵ģϧȴڡ
ڵĵ֮δǸˣЩĹƳȫлȥ̸ȻԱ̸֤˵
˵飡
Ļģ۵滹Ĺ˼ɣ²Ǹ˵УҪ۾ôֱӵ뿪Ļ᲻òΣأ
֪Ĺ˼һٶȿڣҴС㣬һвõˣǸ˼ȻץҴСûҪô˵ʱǲȥɱҴСģҲŶʱҴС㲻ΣգֻҪȥ飬ĽǸ˸µ˵ˣɱǸƵˣôҴСҲվġ
ֱĬĬԼԺӣʵȴǽſǸˣֻܶǰͬˣǲͲûġ
ԣԹ壬ھ˷ǱҾ˿ҪҲͨ͸
ǡΪǹİΣԲŻһʱ֮ʧȥжϵ
ܡ
ڲ֪С
۵棬Ҫ˲ֻֻһˡһˣҲ֮УȻռ۵ġ
Լ֪ˣ

1425 һܸӵ

1425  һܸӵ
һܸӵ顣
Ϊʲôʲôû˵ôǿң
Ȱ˵Ĺ˼ҲûˣãǱȥһƴҲδɣֻ˵ƴҲŹƳ棬ӡ𣿡
˵Ѿ֮ǰӡˣ
۵⣬ҡҡͷƴǵһε׹ǵ׹԰æƴǿڵĹƳʱĿͬ
Ŷ˲벻µģҪʲôһἰʱ֪ͨ㡣
֣صĵ˵ͷ֣أл
£۱˲˲ǰȥѰҳĻϺͻʺ飬ӦӦⳡ粨˵ʱĿⲻɵһֱҪֻܿȥ谭ֻû뵽ŪˣվҪֻǰ
һҪѧŽƴǺֻһ
Եɣ
ѹ룬Ѹٵ뿪СԺٶ뿪ţ
뿪֮ϵıأҲѸٵĻصԼԺ棬ҲкܶҪ硭·ֵһֲҩǿƹƳõĶ
ܳɹҵλҩĻڽ⿪ƳҪá
۹֮ͨ۷ͷж
ǰȥѰƴǺֻæǳûע⵽ԼʱҲͬţתĵǱ뵽ɽڻߵɽѰƬ̣㳯š֮ǰǸŵɽѰȥ
ҪҵĶɽĸ
ﶼ˵ġ
һǿĶֵʱǵΧҲһֶרſơ
ƹƳĵط㱾ͻпƹƳڵĶͺñϡҩĵĸһ͵Ұޡ
͵ҰҪõϡҩģȴֲҿһ㣬ͬĵܳɹҵôǸ˺ĹƳ˵һ޴Ĵ
ﴧСһ̽ɽߣ⻹żȻ֪
ûҩĴڣ̵Ҳǻġ
ҲȷֻһһˣţɲҪʧͺá
ڡ
罻ͻŶε׼֮ɵˡ
ÿȥĵط޷ǾǶҵĵκԼķһߡ
Լķбչ书ǻ׼ʱĳڵ֮ȥ롣
ǰյԣҲ֮ǰǰԣݡ
ڵȶ֮󣬱㲻ÿȡѪУֻǾĿŲ룬²ĿԹ޵ĿԼлǾĪĻġ
ζ̧ͷĿɻĿٶȳڵе磬ֻǾЩЦȴĳ翪ڣ㲻÷𣿡
䡣ϫҴСԸˬʹ죬ɫҲԼݸ߳øһȣڿʱеֻ˵˪
㲻÷
Ǿúܷ
ǰ˺Ͷʮƣ˵һģһڲȴޱȳªģ
Բĳ䳤Ŷò
ʱΪƽ뿪˵ĻЩۣЩȴʵͶ÷ϵ׺ô꣬˲ܳΪķ޺Ͱˣڲ涫ҲźҪĵλġ
ǻȥҪҲҪֻһ
ֻҪ뿪Ҫ涫ѩޣҪɱǰ˵ģ
նңʲôôǲá
籡΢΢ţǰĲһԲڲѾʼԼ˵ɾͻø˵ġ
ʲôôôȻǿҧгȴûа취ʱʹˣȽϲʢŭ絹ܺõģƵĻӦŲĻ
㣡
ݺݵصһۡ
仰ˣţ
֪ڲ뱻סⶫҵεж޿κΣȴƫƫҪ˵Ļŭ룡
뵱ȻһŻ𣬾ҩ֮󣬲ڳǱ޷뿪֮⣬Ѿת࣬ʧȥѪҲҩֹнָҲ书ҲǽĻ١
Уݺݵҧȴûٺȥ
ˣǺʿ֮ӮˣҲûʲôôܻʱŭ磡
ʱԼǳԿˣ
֮ƣǲҪ취ж磬л῿磬ǹǵõ״ݻ٣Ѿ˵ˣֻҪʱԼϸߣĻԶǹǵѣ˭ܱ֤޳ᵱ˵㻰أ

1426 úǰ

1426 úǰ
벻ȥġ
ȥ۵ȥġ
ǽǸǵѴݻٲܱ֤һʧ˵ǸǵѲֻǹϵڵĹƳ棬пܺϵĹƳҲŽĹϵ
úǰ
תתԲȥƵҲٻشĻԼ磬ʼϢ
粻ϲԼŭ
ԼƫƫͲ翴Լŭӣ
ô죿
ҪôͰԼɱˣҪôֻţ
뵽⣬봽ǻһĨ΢Ц
Ȼڼ˲뱳壬뿴Լʱɫ΢΢˱䣬ܾÿպͲ볳ܰƺǺܼ˵飬书Ҳںศ£һֱȲߣۼűҪɹĽŶΡ
û뵽ŸոպͼպԼܶ죬ֿʼԼˡ
ת˵
ɫ֮仯վǻָֻĿ⸴ӵĿŲıӰĿڣżת˵
Ĳ룬㿪֮󲻽Щ㵡
ǲǻѽ
ɵˣ
ôĪĺԼ˵Ļתȥ˵
ѵյ֮УΪԼ˵
֮仹ʲôͨͽıҪѵĳ̶
뷨ո˲䲻ȻһµͷǲǡǲΪռ˶壬ȻڶѾǰĶȫ˸ˣǱϾǶģĳ̶ֳϻǱŶ˼롭
ͨһ˵Ƕеĸĳ̶ҲУ
Լ׽
ԡŻ˵ľᡣ
ʵԥԼ֪ԼҪʲôȫǳıܡ
֪뷨֮󣬲еĲ;ȣת磬Ӧ˵ÿŶ磬˱죺ҶˣԹ𻨸⡣
ҳԹ𻨸⣬ҾͲ˵
ͷȻûֱ磬۽ǵȴʼնϵġ
㽿εȴǺ֮ǰһģһĪϤ
Ĭ
˲Ļ֮õĳĬ
ڲǲԼ飬˵ʱֻһֱ羹ȻһЦ˳
У㻹ô̰죬ȥ𻨸⡣
С
㻹ô̰졭
ȥ𻨸⡭
û˵һ仰ǶԲ𺳶һ֡
Ҫǲڽţµֳ
Ȼû̫ıʾüۼЦȴֹסģ˵ʱҲǺͼеĶʮ񣬲𾪵ĿķӦŬǿѹԼϵı飬ƴĸԼҪ̫ȣ쳣ǲѾͬκһˡ
Ȼ
ȻĲ²ûдǰ˵ǺͶΪһˣԼܲԾس̶ϣȻҲŶ뷨ϲãôô˵ǲĳһ̶ֳǰ˻Ƕֻûа취ȥԼΪ˼ˡ
Īģ۾֮ǰ
Լ˵ЩͬһԼĿУʱԺлص
ʱΪȷЩ쳣ģԼԺҹԼֻ˼ûзڶϣһĶۣҲûжһ¶˵ԼϲĵطĻᡣ
˴õʱŪڵ
ô˵Ҳкܴεġ
һõˣҲҪܺһˣƳĥı۵ĬĬķģôҪ涫ģ
ǿнԼ۽Ƿʪѹȥ̧ͷЦŵĿ磬ȴǴЩƵģС
ã˰֣˱ѸӣԸͷתȥһ㵱һڵĹ𻨸⵽˲ǰ
˵㻹ͷһˡ
֮ǰЩԼȥҪôѾˣҪôͱԼסˡ
ֻв롭
úõģûйƣֻɵĻ˶ҵĵС
ûоĻϣֻȥ̹𻨸⣬ζ졣
粻üͷ֣˲ϵȻҪԷǱ㽫ⶫȥɡ
˼Ƭ̣վ㿪ڡ
Ķ΢΢ͣ˼֣üŶô
ˣ
ܲˡʹӣûȥȴʮģۻŵһ죬㲻ܡ
в룬Ǻܸ˵ġ
ͻȻЩǻţйƵˡ

ͿΪڣһӶԼˣ
ˣҪ治⿪ϵʱĶīٿǰ¶ԥĿ磺˾ô⿪̫ðɡ
õҴС书ȺǳģȻ̰棬ǵʱȴǲСôһֱιҩѾָ߰˰ˣ

1427 ɺҪ

1427  ɺҪ
Ǿ㽫ô򿪵ĻѲ벻粻עʱӳ
뵽ʱɾûʲôסˡ
īǴĵģͶīһǰûбӣϣΣҸʩչȭŵĻᣬǵ棬ĵ˾ֻһˡ
£ΪأԹ޻ڡ
ԣϵĶɵͣ˼֣ɫأƺڵ˼ŶīƸոյ顣
ȴĪһ㣬ͲһͿԽԼϵ⿪ˣҪܽ⿪Ǳ˺ܶ࣬Լж֮ҲͶ˼ϣȥѰҺʵʱԸ硣
û뵽ǣڲΪԼʱȴͻȻɫȻĳĶīƳ֡
飡
ĶֱӴ˶īƵĿڴīƵҲǵ˳ȥصˤڵϣһѪʱӶīƵĿ˳
״ҡ
𾪵ĲֻǶīһˣҲûзӦǷʲô飿
֪Ը粻ģҲô粻ɣ
īƿԼѽҶīƵĻҲȷû˵ԼҪܵ˼ȻҲû룬ֱӱԶīƶ֡
Ƚ϶īƺͲ𾪣絹ɫȻڵ˵㲻Ҫڣôеš
ϲû̫ı仯Ҳǵģ⵭ȴ͸©޵ϣĪı󷢺
īƻŵĴӵعǰû˿ķŭͲɫŵϴӣԲ𣬶īԺҲˡ
Ѿȫ𺳵ˡ
ԼŷԼ˵ʲôʲôķӡ
ò˵ҲԼıµģ»ˣҪкܶһɣ
ԼɫĿٶĿŲ룬ǲһеĽеˣֽ̹𻨸˹͵˲ǰ԰ɡ
ЦģЦúû¶һЦòЩš
ǣε֮£վǶ֣ĽڵĹ𻨸õϤζòǸӣ۽ǵƳ翴Լ֣ص
ɫҲӸȻԼ¶Ķ֣֪⾿Ǻ»ǻ¡
֪ȻԼǿӰ쵽ˣֻ޵ԶҲԽԽࡣ
˱ĬηС
ɫȻĿŲһĽ𻨸ԵҲžȥܽ绳еĹǵƭ׵Ļؼҡ
ǿԲϣ»ϣйվڶǰͬ˵һԲĻᡣ
ڲ뻳;ʱ򣬵ڶձûӭ磬лϲԵĸ㣬ЩǱҲû˸ҶԲˡ
Ҳ粻Ҫ
ԵŵĵڷΪ˵ʱҲֻĶֽЩ˸˰ˣԲʱ򣬶īֻ˵һܽ⿪ֱӱѵˡ
ҪǿŶīƸԼ֮һֱԼĹһƾͲֻöīˣֱҪ˶īƵˣ㿴ز룬ߵҲҶԲи
뽫ǹ𻨸˹Ŀ⸴ӵĿɫԥ˵ͷҪŪѪɺ𣿡
ΪȻأȻܵõʲôȨ𣿡
仰ǲһ֮ž翪˵ģҲҪίȥ磬תһ룬Ȼ綼̹ԼŤŤ󣬷ǻķУֱӽԼеɻʳڣشͻش𣬾ǲش˲Ҳˡ
û뵽Ѿ˱ܾ׼ˣȻķӦò뾪ȣԲʵʱ粢ûеķŭҲûֱӻش⣬ĿԶĳ˼
һĬ֮㻺Ŀ˵ֻУȴǶ޵įʹտʼʱûҪôȨƣֻҪһƽƽһҪĸĿң䲻䣬ҪÿæµҸĳĸ׿ǺҵĸֺҵĸףҪɱҡ
Ŀ𺳵˵Լǰ飬ȻѾƵˣڲĶȴЩۡ
ͷһ˹¿ʱ˺ޣҪЩԲҵȫɱˡ

1428 ɺ֮Ҳп֮

1428 ɺ֮Ҳп֮
ƽڲȴޱȵ𺳣ֻ֪ƵĺĹƳ׺쳣˲ڵĵӣû뵽˵ͯҲıҡ

ͻȻ䲻˵ĸЩӣۡ
֮˱пɺ֮ɺ֮Ҳп֮仰˵ĵһ㶼ûд
ЩΪͯҵ˱ԸƫִˣһҪŵЩ˳۵ĻҲΌ˵׽ɱôڵĵӣ˫մѪ׷ɱ
¶
ŵЩ˲䱸۹ȥԴ۲Ҫƫ̫˺ܶ˺۵飬ҲǸ³
û뵽Ըˬ磬ȻҲǺͬĵط
סתͷĿ֣صĿŲ룬һۣûӹ΢΢һĨԳЦݣŲ˵ԼĹ֮ҵõһйع飬ѧƣǽύϼҼ
ʵڵӱƳȺʵֲңΪϼҼ
û˵ѣտʼϼҼȵʱʵȻϼҼôԸôȥˡ
ϼҼѬģҰĲҪٿţŽ׳
Ҳ첻Ҿıҵ׷ɱɱɣҲҪҽЩĵ˸ɱԲŻҾʱһңΨͼϼҼ
紽ǹ𳰷ЦݣҰĲҪõŵȨƣҵĹ£㽫֮ڣָƹƳҪҩĺ֮ء
ڵӵҲǱʵ飬ۺƴϵĹƳҲϼҼƺõģʱңֻ¡
紽ǵĳЦԽˣ绺˵ȥʱѾȫȻˣϼҼȻϼҼңΪ
տʼΪʵԲòϼҼķԸټҲȷҪܶҩƹҩԱϼҼ˲ٵ顣
ҵĹȷϼҼṩı֮±ԽԽߣտʼȷҪϼҼģǺ㲻ҪˣԼܵõԼҪһУҲϣǱƶɵѪƣҲǱɡ
˵ЩҲ˼ֽԺ
Ȼϰ书ȴڹƳ輫һֻ֮һȴɡ
书߳ȴ
Ҳ˵ˣкܶˣ书޷ԽˣطҲû˿ŵͳⱲӶӹӹµµ
ҷ˹ƳܣԭƹƳȻǿ书ģѪǿԿʳ˵֮书ҵϣ
ҵһ书ҲΪġĿ⾼˵ԼƹƳʱǴڵɢš
ֻǿϧѪȻǿȴһȱ㣬Ǿǡ̫ǿˣ
¶ԡ
Ҳбס
ȻͬѪһԸ޵书ͬҲ޵Ѵ
Ѫƶ֮ȴЩƲס
ȻҪͲ̸ģôûʲôôĹ̺ͲҲ㾡ĺͲ̹ס
۾˵ÿһ仰ɴ
˶ԹƳ治˽⣬㿪˵֮󣬾ͺǴĴһ㣬˵ϸ档
ѪƶɵģӦҿû뵽ѪսɳʱȻҪҵ˼жԴУ
üĽĿӵĿŲ룬Ҫǻ˲ҲǻΪѪƵЩ;ٶ𺳰ɣԼƳĶҪǿģû뵽ûôأƵĶȻҪƵˣκһ˶ܲ˵İɡ
˻
ڲ룬Ǳ˵Ļˡ
Ȼ
Ѫƻܷģ
ڵӦѾںѪƽĹӮ˰ɣҲɫȻԼߣµĺԼ˵ŴǰƹƳĹ
ֻǡ
ӮӮˡ
ܻǺôģڴ磬򴽼ЦΪ˳׵ĿѪƣѰ˺ܶ취ϧѪ˵ЧȴǺԣԲĻѪƷɵĸмΣһ㶷ǸѪˣ
ҡ
ҵûз֮£ҵһӸԴϿѪƵķ

1429 ȻΪ

1429  ȻΪ
һ٣Ҳһ̸ƺǽŵĵȴҪ˵Ļ
ڲ֮£ⲻɵҪôǳ׵ΪѪٿصĿܣҪôҵһʵ˵ѪιѪơ
ԳշѪΪԼãԶܵˡ
Īģĺ©һһ㡣
ҲˣԼΪʲôڵ֮ˡ
ұųĹƳɽţʵҪЩӣֻϣЩƳȥѰһζʵѪԵˡ
ȷк޵ˣҲȷɱˣЩӵԶԩ޳ģûбҪŶˡ
ɱɱɱҲеû£̬Ҫ˶Ͼɱֻû뵽ЩƳҧ˺ܶӣȴʼնûҵһζʵѪԵֱ
˶٣˲ϣֱڣҷЩƳܣƬ쳣ŶֵС
绺˵飬Ҳ˵Щӡ

Ӧ˵Ǽǵú
ΪʱͶͻȻ֣żȻ֮仮ָѪҵĹƳҵ
ҲǴǸʱʼҲڻصԭѰõѪȻҴСϣ֣صÿŲ룬Ҳķ·©һġ
Ȼ
ȻΪ
Ӧ˻Ӧң
ôӣ˭ѪʺѪƣΨԼѪʺѪơ
ԼҲɽһֱƴǵߣûš
ƫƫһΣΪ۵ø˶صţĴѰʺѪƵѪԵͱѡˣڵ³
һֺεȵԲۣ
ǿѹסԼơ
翴Ųϵľ𾪣ؿ˵˵Ӧøл㣬ҪΪѪҲô׵ľͿƺѪơ
ԡ
Ӧ˵ֻǿƺѪơ
˸壬ϵ鱾ǻİɡ
ҲбףΪѪƶԼԭҲѪƷʳԼڵѪΪ۴սϷֱѪƽԼԿգ˶塣
ᶫɹֻһµ壬һµ֮ǰҪǿ
һҵ˲Ѫɹĺȥǳ׵ĽѪƸסˡ
ַڵĹܣ书Ҳž٣ۼžҪͻŶΣϱûκԼĶˡ
ǡ
˵ס
ڻһֶֹνԼߣһֱĬĬĵԼ˵ڵѾûκźˡ
ΨҵЩ˻ŵĻţ׵ͻŶ֮󣬱ŵĵӴɽȥ
һ±ɱҡԼȫɱɱ
ڶ±ȥϼҼõĻȨӽԺ֮ϵľȨĵλˡ
ûʲôźˡ
֮䣬Ȼ뵽һ뷨ǾòΪԼĻʺ󣬶ΪԼĻʺ뷨ܻƣףǣȴı䣬Ҳܾ
֪羹ȻѾԼԲ뵫ʱⷴӦ
ҲԼͲӴʱĺ顣
Ҫȥ
ҪһӶԼߣǿģǲֻԼģҪɹĲһǰ
ǸˣϲĲϲҪģȴ׶ҶԲףԲǷݸ黹ҪԲ˵ڡ
ʵǺܻƣ
벢֪룬ֻԼͯľʱЩ۵Ȼһ˲䣬˲֮ѻͷŭˣ
ڵȷӮˡ
ҪõĶѾõˡ
Լأ
ԼĪģʹ˷޵ҴС㣬ΪڵĽпʱΪѪأ
ǶЩҵͯͬܵģһ˵ͯ꾭һ˵ĳɳ˶ôҪã
ΪͯЩɱ¾ͱѲ˹ϵģ
С
оǸϼҼ֮ǰϼҼ޸ƴǵʱ򣬲ϼҼӡΪĹۣϼҼΪᡣ
ϾƴǺֻ໥ϲģѾ顣
ʱϼҼȴвƴǣ˲֪ʣµǸ۵ģǲȴ
ֻǰƴǺϼҼ֮ˣ

1430 ҿԴӦеҪ

1430 ҿԴӦеҪ
û뵽ҰĲϼҼȻѾɥĲĳ̶ȣ
ȻϴӦǵӵƹƳ棬Ҫ֪Ųһ˵ģ
Ĵеģ
ϼҼĬȴĵӣһ˵Ϊǻǿɳܵģ޺޵ĿڣӦһϼҼɱ˲ǣ
϶˻ŵЩӣ
ߵģ紽ЦԽķģģǻ˶õģ뿪ŵʱҲ˹Ƴġ
ֻҪ磬ԸԲ̹ҲԸ߲ܶ롣
뾪ȵĻȴǺһŷӦ
ʲô
˵ϼҼҲ˹Ƶġ
ϼҼǺƴȥˡ
ҪϼҼҲ˹Ƴ뿪ĻôǡͻȻͫôǲǻϺͻʺҲΣգ
ôˣ˲ͻȻţüͷɻĿŲ룺㲻õİΣڲҪѪˣ
ΪͻȻ뵽Լո˵ģҪѪѪˡ
տʼǻȷҪ
书ߣ֮ǰҪ˲ѪȴǲҪˡ
ȴѸٵĽԼ𺳸ѹȥԼɫƽĿûûʲô֪
֪ڵѾãҪԼѪˡ
ҲҪ̫Цʱľˡ
ѾҪһУ㲻üڳ޵ˣŲ˵ҲԼˣԺѸٵת

Ҫ⿪ԼĽĻҲа񵱳ǸɱۣҲֻϤĽ̵֮±Ѫ⣬͸飬Ǹȵˣ˵Ҳ;֪
ĽƳĽҩۺƴǵĻô¼˻ΪܺõѣҲıľΪ֮ģϾͯľơ
Ҳǽµһгİ취ˣ
ڰοԼЦЦͲˡ
ڷҪлǣûǵĻһҵҵķɡ
ҪǲƱԼԶ֪ԼǱж
ڱЩ׷ɱ֮ǰҲ֪ԼȻǿ˳̶ȣпܳΪµһ¼Ȩơ
ΪǵĿƣ˾Ļڵĳɾ͡
һʱ֮ЩȻĿ磬Լο˼ֻϣܷſ֮ǰĳޣҪپƳ浱ˣǷŹţЩйƳˡ
ôӺǽԼİο˹أ
ˡ
շ
ҪǿÿնԼĻֿƽľԼ˵˵ÿȰ˵һЩ磬㲻̸ĹҲܻὫĻϣǱĬķı䡣
ԺҲԼĵλĻôǵĴҲٻΣպԡ
ĬĬؽԼѹÿӦ飬˵Ļ
롭
δ翪ڣīƵӰȴٶȵĳֵ֮УɫŵĿ磺˺д·
ŵĲԶͻȻһİڿٵسڵķ˹
űŵֺء
Ҫ֪ĻҪѰҵŵϵ顣
ôһİȻǡŲɾģ
˶īƵĻ㱨֮󣬵ûںͲ̸ȥ̿ڷԸʱ̶ڣȷЩ˵ȷǱŹģ̻
Ҫֻ·һж˵ҪרűŹôҲǳصġ
ԭڵЩϺͼǵ书Ǹǿ֮صĸǲٵҩĺ˹Ƴ档
ƳкôҲлǻЩй˵˼룬ûежôǿڶʱЩ˵书һΡ
ԭǿĽ֮ףĴ֮¸Ǳûи书֡
Ҫǵ˭ŲҹðĻһ֮ء
ī繰˹ֱ֣һʧͲǰҲǻشӵε̨ӸµĿŻԭصĲ룬ȻڵЩҪȥˣţпٹ㡣ҪʲôҪ㾡кһͿԣ濴ص˻á
£籾Ǵת뿪ģû©˵ʲôס˽ŲתͷĿٶڲϡ

1431 뿪

1431 뿪
ȻҪ뿪Ρ
˲뿪Σʣµ鲻ܲҪʲô綼ԴӦһһãһ˵ԼҪ˵ĻŰȻ뿪˶ҵĵΡ
ǲȻĳ˼֡
ǡǡ˼෴
ԼʲôҪֻҪгȥ
뷨ֻһ˲䣬ȴʼ
дű˹
ΪŵĹƳҵĻôô˿Ծֻһƴǲ˹ġ
ڵţѾʱա
ҪóȻĺԵĻ
Ӯ
ŨŨĵǡ
Ҵ뿪ΣڵĵҲԴƴڷǱѰգҲǴԼķгץסһҵĵӣѯʵô£
ʲô
Ƕȥģ
ץŵĶҵӴҴҵĳ˹֣㿪ڽ͵ط˵ĻϮţǰȥһ̽ҲҪſٹȥˣСģĪҪˡ
£ҵӱѸٵ뵽ҵӵĶУվԭȴ𾪵ĿЩҵĵǣȥһȥɽǰۡ
ȴֹ֣˭Ȼţⲻû
ĬĬ²ۣ̲סеɻ󣬻ǽЩҵӵ뿴Ƿʲô飬ǰŵ˵˭
һ˺ƺƵسɽǰۡ
űҼͱڤüĽĿء
ƴƵսȴûдΪЩͻȻŵĵӶʱĵõƽ
ԭ
ʲôǰŵˣϼҼǲˡ
б䣬ϼҼҪ֧ŲסƴǵĹǲǰЩ˹ȥ֧ԮԭŹЩˣҪţǴҴҵĴӳǱӳŻ㱨Ϣȵġ
Եķࡣ
û̫ı飬ǿ磬ǱҼȴǺȻǰǸǰ㱨ĵϴ׳ʲô飿
ϼҼΪλӦˣȽˣĴļһ嵽Լıµеľ۹ҲǷһ㳣ܱġ
ǰĵԱҼĴʱû˿ľ£̧ͷͦأֱӭ˱Ҽ񣬹˹ֳűҼڻشرҼĻǳĻͻȻϼҼ쳣Աǲ˹ȥϼҼѾϼҼˣϼҼܵʱΣԸЩӳűţ
Ҫȥ֧ԮĻϼҼɥ֮УҲûа취ˡ
ϼҼץϹƳܳ綼ᱻ֡
ҪǰֵĻôļƻҲʧˣûгɹͻŶ֮ǰûоԵİܴƴǵģǸӰεۣ
Բ֣
Ҽͱڤ໥һ֮󣬱ϣӦô죿
ȻϼҼΣգűϾǰҵҲǲ׶ģȡỹҪĵľϡ
߶Ҫhi˵ġ
ĬãŻؿڣԸȥ׼ţǱ㶯ȥ
Ҳǳ綼ҪȥģֻϼҼͻȻܣļƻ
Ҫǰ
书Ļ
ЩʱյãѾ翪ʼŶεıԵˣֻǲһʱڸ·ЩʱɹİɡֻǿϧѾõļӺӭȢŵʱ侹Ȼ㱻ˡ
뵽úףбȻɿ˺ܶࡣ
ֻ˼һ˲䣬Ѿ˾ϡ
ãǱǰճ̣ȥæϼҼɣ
űǲþδҲŵһӹɵģڵĵҲ˸ԼͲһˣûогʽĻô㲻ӣ㲻ǵķˣ
Ⱥȥ˾ɫǲһеشȺг˳ֱӵõǰ硣
ָո˵˳ƼɫʱؽԼҪ˵ĻֹסˣҸĿڵҪô뿪ˣôǵ¸ôأ
ա
ҺԼʱסˣҪֱӶ纰֣ڳôŵĵӶڣǲˡ
Һû˵©
ͷһЩңǺܿģұǻΪ˱˺ʧ
ԣӦ˵źܴĲͻ̿֡

1432 

1432 
Ǿ֮ǰθʧܰɣڱúУЩľԱˡ
Ů࿴һ磬࿴һڳ֮ŮˣĪĻ֣̿ΪڵѾǵǸòԸųˡ
ǱòãκӵȨŵ˵Ҳ˺ܶ⡣
ڵ㡣
ԼǰǱĸС
ֹ֮ˣΪ̥
Щ̶ּȵشݻ
л֣̿ʲôʱͻʧȥԼĶԼȨһлˡ
㵱泯ʲôҪ飬ԹȥҲȫԺԼ֮һȥҪǾԼ鷳ְŵĻҲԹԹԵڵȺԲᰭ£ҲԲᵢĺ֮־ġ
ǰǣҪףҪðȵĲſԡ
οֻҪһѣֻһʱ˵û̫Ӱ죬Ƕ˵ȴҪһ졣
֮˳ˡ
ڣҲ˵ڱкܶǿԼģûף˵ʱҲĪĻţȱȫС
ײԼŵǻԼðȡ
ǳ֮ٴ߰ɡ
ۼձǵĻˡ
۽Щʪ󣬿Ƕ˼ְ󣺡ֻҪһǳ֮ȥҪҾԲ㣡
ˣ𣿡
ѾԼ̬ŵ͡
ڿеİʱȴ̬ȲģԼȻȥĿĿ䣺һӭȢ㡣
̬ȼѾþôĵġ
ܾ統ԸߵĶīƺͶīǰ׼
ţһ
ģڵĵӲ˶㲻𾴣ֻܺסžͿˡ
Ψһˡ翴ʧ䣬ˮվǲ̵İţȴԵĶīƷԸеǸʰãʱһ·
£صԼķ䡣
Ҫ뿪ţϵѪǣһЩĹƳҲҪ׼ʰģ粻ȥ˵ĿɫԹԵæ
Ƕ˵ȴһǿĴ̼һ㣬ܾԼ׵Ҫ󣬲ԼţȴҪŵеǸһߡ

ܸܵѾвŵĵЦˡ
ȻεЦԼҲո˵ĻĴ
еǸˡǲ֪еǸ˭
ѾתˣѾҪѪˡ
ô绹ҪŲʲô
Ϊ˲ʱ֮衣
ɲ
ʱ磬ԼҪ䣬Ҫĳǰ
жµı㵱ûȥ߶磬ȴȥҵεģ绹ҪѪ֮ļȫҪˡ
ҲֹǲҪ˹𻨸ڵĸ͵˶ҵ֮ڡ
͵ҵ֮ڻǸ˭ԣ
ֻǸйŵǸˡ
ҲǸ롣
һǾԲģеĳ˾Ͳˣܰϲù
ΨһĿԾУȻ˲Ļɣȴδ뵱ɽǶԲٰĹգʲôҪҲǾȥɡ
һΣжʱȻѸٵĽС
Ůڸϸеģܹܶ˺ŮˣӵĽСġ
ģԲ쳣̬ҲǱеġ
һǲ룬ڵ磬ҲǶݷͬһ㣬ǰƽҲ˲е˼
ԲòǸСԼе֮λ
ôãôòڵĵλŵõĹذԣǲܱŮ˸ߵģ
ɺסбĿ⣬ޱĶī׺ͶīƽˣƬ֮Ѿ⡣
תֱֱĳŶҵĵα˹ȥ
ҪǾԲܵ飬ֻҪһ죬;Բ类ߵġ
ǸҲԣ
ⲻɵó˳īǿ첽ĸ
ǽһ˸һӣīߣīĻΨǴӡ
Ƭ֮㵽˶ҵ֮ڣŭĳŵеĲ˹ȥٶȳڵеʱ򣬲ڴ񣬼ŭĹ۾ȴû̫ı顣

1433 ˭

1433 ˭
˱Ͳô
֮ǰһʱ򣬲ûʲôӡֻǵʱ۲ûʲô̫׽ĹϵҲǺԼûκεĹϵԼûвֵء
ֺϼҼıݺƴǣԼĺƴǵ֮󣬲ӡ
ֻǡֻҪˣָֻܶˡ
ϾֻƴߵС̫ࡣ
Ƕݵ֮ҲҪصġ
ڡ
΢̧ŤѾд˼ʵ
治֪Ů˾ʲôĻڵġ
ûйȥŮˣǺôΪŮˣһЩ֮Ǹеİɡ
Ⱥ󡭡
˶ٸˣ
˵ģ󣬲ܵʲôʱ򣬶ôˣΪȹ֮Ը˵䲻õġ˾ɷ򣿴ҲڵĻ˰ɡ
ǳʶˡ
ģܵʲô̼׼Լء
ɲ¡
ڵ书ѾָˣҪԼ֣ҲԷ
ˣ
㣬ҵģ
Ҫ
ûж˵һϻֻǶݺݵĿŲ룬˵ôռеԴǣֱӻͷĶīȥ˸ɱˣ
Ҫ
̣
ԣЩضҵεĵǣȴɫŵǰ𺳵Ŀˣ⡭԰
ȷ˵ˣҪŲİȫģʲôҪҪȥ㣬û뵽˾ȻҪɱ˲룬ôУ
ҪǱ֪˻һǻǰ²ġ
ÿ
ȻѶôΪЩĻı⣬ֻĴмô֮󣬱ʾŶīףҪǶɱˣ
Щصĵǲɵ໥һۣǲԼͬǰ˲ǰԲˣǲܶ
Ȼȥʾһ𣿡
Ȼݷͬһ㣬ǵ׻ǲĵλߵġ
˵󣬲˷磬ҲӦˡ
ʢŭıԵû뵽ȻĿصӶҪԼԣʱӷŭˣһīף㻹ڵʲô
ǣ
ԣī˲ǰ
ꡪ
ꡪ
ֻǼ£㵱ڲǰЩصĵӵĲӸŤˣֱӴǵõŵԿףԴš
뾯˼Щ𾪵Ŀǰīס
ī׵书Ȼڶݵʱ棬ô࡭

һ˲䣬˲ʹеĶī״һţ
顪
ͨͨ
ôãֻԼЩģīԴӸ֮ҪԸҲһЩΪߵˣȻͲֱд
Ҳˡ
ڵлζվһԣȴǶݺݵҧīףٶȽС˸ˣʱ䣡
䡣
˭֪ʱ˻᲻˹С˸ˡ
ֻҪīܽɱôϢϹ֮Ҳ޲ˣѵΪһѾ˵˺Լ
ЦĲ񣬿û뵽īȴǺͲٳٷֲ

ȱ֪ҵĴС书ǿ츳׿Խһӵ̳û뵽īǷ˹Ƴ֮󣬾ȻǲĶ֡

ݺݵҧŴǴ֮еĶī׺Ͳתƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬Եߵ˱īŤϲӵЩҵԣ֮䣬ǵһذף
ϵЦݺǹ죬ŴеĲ˸ž⡣
ںͶī״Ȼ죬ϾĵʱӰȻĳŲĺ󱳷˹ȥǸ߸ߵľذףȥɣСˣ
˭߶
˭ܣ
ϵЦþȫӶеذ׺ݺݵĳŲĺ󱳷£޲õвࡣ
û뵽ǧһ֮ʣںͶīеĲȻѸٵתֱϮ
꣡
ֻԼ񱻴һ㣬δüƼбҪв󱳵ذ׾Ȼֱӵĸ˷ֱֱĳԼϻ˹

󡭡ҵĵиǵʱһҽС
ɫʹıԼգڵϴ˫֮䣬ҲѪɫذɽģȴûйȥͶī׾򶷡
ǱɵȻڱ͵ϮԼ
Ǻǡ
Ҫһ书ǿĸֳŲͶīսʱ͵ϮҲͰˣϧֻǸû书˰ˣͲ͵Ϯɹ
Ըذ׻
ΪԹ˵
ôˣ

1434 Ӧ֪֮

1434 Ӧ֪֮
ʹĽڶҵлص
벢δܵİӰ죬Ƕīףг˲ٵĻҡ
ǲҪģû뵽ȴΪһʱ˵ôأôѪҪǱ˵ĻԼ
ī׷ϣ˹ŲĶҲƵƵ©
ԭ书㲻Ӧ˵ģ֮±ռϷ硣
ûãеذױֱӻ˶ī׵Ĳīϱһ٣Ŀ𺳵ĿŲ롣
Ȼ
ˣ
ڵϵŲ׺ݺͷŭ
ԼģֲˣЦЦûеطȥأ
û뵽Ȼˡ
˵ġ
ǿǰ̰Ľ٣ΪȨƺ͸˺˺һһˣ͸
ҲΪˣ
ڲתҪֱ˵Ľе˸õʱȴͻȻӰ˵֮С
īƶѸ٣ǰеذ׸ȥҽī׻Լ󣬾Ų룬δȲǳʱȴǿ첻ǰ˲ǰȻûֱӿڹĵѯʣжԲĹϵ֮شʹۡ
ǰ㵣ǵģͺԼеϡ䱦Σһ㡣
ȻûֱҲǺ׼ģ˳δޣ㱻뻭ʹڵѵӦùе˲Լ
ѵ᲻ӦԼ
ȴûԼĴڣͻȻ˲ǰֹסĹеؿŲ룬޲Ҫ治е˺һ㣬ôǰû˹еĿԼأ
ϺʹԶԶʹ
ֻ絶
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôһҪô̵ĶԴ
֮ǰȷ˺ܶ໵£ΪܵõȨƣΪ˺ԼЩһĹԼǰʹģֶιԼĺ壬ϼҼǱΪ顣
ǵ֮еһΥĵ飬㶼ûȥϲ磬ϲദʱֵĸоҪⱲӶܺ簲ȵһһߣû뵽һĽ
һıϷŪ
ȻҲű˵Ĵڵġ
ԼһЦһһˣȴֻЦһԭڵʹ˲ֹס˿зһЦ˳Ци

۽ǲɵЩʪ
ɬЦ֮ŻعæǰڵϣѪӵϷôˣ

Ǵǰǰ㴿⣬Ű⣬翴ĵطĿݣҳԹޡ
磬ȶԲҵģҲҵģȫȫķϵʱȴ˵ңŪңǱֲĺҲ棡
ݺݵţһҪһᣬݺݵı磬룬Щ˺Լˣȴû̫ı飬һ֣;޴Ŀ磬˲书ƬѾˮǳǰԼʱֱĲͷĻʧʹޡ
磬ˡ
ҶԲ㣬ҵѾˣûټ㣬㻹ȥɡ£ҪĻгȥǽײȥ
ǲûԸոֱӱεץסĿ⸴ӵĿŻѾ޵òӵһʱ֮Щӣ漴˼Ƭֱ̱ӿ˵˵ʲôأ
˸ѪϣȷʵûаֵͳЦеֻۺΣҲòϵİ̺ĿˣʱȴûаֵԼԸԼ׽
ͬ飬ôأ
ôôɵ
һЩˣûʲôҪ飬һҽεģȻ˿ڸԭβҲú£ҲһֱߣԶ뿪ġ
¡¡ૣĽԼĻУ°ķ棬İοš
ۿеˮԽԽ࣬ٶȻصĻУǴȴ˿ķ΢΢һĨȡ
Ҫľô˵ҪľԶԼߣ浱ŲڵģԼʱԶĴΣȸԼԼ
΢΢ȴΪ£Ϊޣ

1435 ú

1435 ú
˵ΣŮúõĻôһӶ޷֮ء
û˰˱ûа취һˣĻΣô㽫ű˵ĴڵĻҲԶԼ
ΪжԼΣ޼ɵȥ磬Сľ衭
΢΢ΪΪºġ
еֻĺޣһ̿ʼҲκε鰮ŵľֻȨԼеȨֻԼǲᱳԼġ
ѾôĽѵһΡ
ǵҪѧĹˡ
á˫ˮȴΪЦҲҸͰ⡣
˵ǰҪĳƺıͼɻ䣬ڲǰȴǲõĵģѾ֪ǰ˲ǶҲûʲôģο
ָ̬ȺúõĴ̼أ
лл㣬硣
űСŮ˵ЦݣתԼĲʱȴͻȻɫ
ŮҪ磬ҵ
磬Ҫұ𣡡
һұĶ𣿲Ȼһһͷװأ磬ʣǳ
ոջο磬ìͷָ˲ϣҪҲ뱨ʱȴ΢΢ͣƬ̣㻺ڣ˵ڻŻá
Ȼᣬ̬ȴǿƵĿ϶
һ仰ƶڲ
á˵ֱ׳
õĻһҪţʱǲģίľܾҪίľʱܶԲ붯֡
ŴֹۿеˮǴŴŵĹ䣬ڲ̺۵Ͼʹ̣硭
ǵûô֮ұ𣿡
޵滨꣬Ŀ硣
ִֵע֮£ۿеˮվǳɵĿڰοģҳ綼ָ˵ġ
īƣ˴ȥ
ǲ˵ĻᣬֱӳĶīƿڷԸ
ǡ
ӡ
ˣɡīƳڵķ򹧾Ĺ˹ֱ֣Ŀ⿴ϣ̬ǿƣµ񣬱ЩͲ˵ôˡ
ĿⲻϵͶīǻ˵̬һޣͲԼ˵Ļ֮ǳ׵ĺˡ
ǿŴӵ˳ȥģվԭصĲȴǸ߸ߵģ̧ͷ۾ۿһ磬̲סЦ䣺ǺһصĻ氡
ôǴɱҡ
ԣӦ˵Ǵɱǽεε˱𣿡̲סЦ
ҲǾˡ
ĸ˵ʱ򣬱ܶĸأԼöģЩҲǵġ˵ƭҲͰˣȻֳǸˣȻҲһף
붼úͣ־Ǳ׼СӦԶˣ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿųЦԼĲ룬浹ûаֵֻЩͳпʱˣȻ˼˵ЩһŮӣֺαغ
ԣеķŭʤˡ
Ůӣ
ı¿ɴˣôɱ˶ˣֺ˶ˣɱֱӻ书ҪĶˣ
ʲôȥ
Һڵдţһι鷳ȥ𣿡ʲô˵Цһ㣬ŭ»ص˵УǽԸٿͶīһۡ
ԸɱɱԸɱ͹Ҫҵǰúܡ
ǽûûйӲдֺ˭ҪȥǲҪӽ磬Ҫɾ裬ǸеĹǲܶģ
ǲãȴε̾˿Ҳãûй˼Ժ󲻻Σյˡ
ұᶯȥʱһ𣬶ðţպûʲôӴĻˣҲ㲻ìˡ
ȺúϢɣ
Ҳӵʧ
һ״ϿǲͱˣжȴеģҪŭĵ˵Ʋ룬ԶڵǾԶģյҪҲֻʳҪǲ𷴻Ļ˵˾ǲˡ
ֲò롣
ûа취ԼǵʱһֱԼߣҲû˿һƣܽˣֻǶڲһֱĸģҲǲԹ֡

1436 ŮΪü

1436  ŮΪü
ֻ֮ܲ滹Լڲ߶ЩֵĻôҲ㲻мĻᣬڵܾ˵ĳˡ
˼ǵĲȫûܽá
һ磬ܿĶ뿪ֻ֮صԼߵĶīƺͶī׽һ
Ժ˾ͺ߿ţټˣǵ治Сļ棬ҲӦ취˷ֿ޶ȵļ֮ìܣ𣿡
ī׺ͶīƱ˴໥һۣȴŨŨĲĵģ˺ҲͰˣϾҪΪķˣ֮ڵҲûʲô
ȻԲǸҲĹģҪ֪ҴС
Ǹոնˣ
ҪǱ֪һĻƴҲҪ糥ɣ
ôŲ綼
ܾ鴦͸¶Ź죬ôӵӵ飬ֵģҲֻѹɻͲĳ繰˹֣ǡˡ
ˣ
ӵгȥ
ЩףûлԼķ䣬ת˸ķ䣬ʱԼķıӰУǽЩۣ㻹𣿡
ҿ˿ڰɡ磬ԸͶת翴Լϵ˰̡
˶°ǵĶҲûʲô⣬ǲĵϲԼܹ飬òĵƣһҵԼʹˣ
ڣϵİ̺۾ԼˣöĵҪ£ֺοǱأ
߬˫֣治ֻǶԲϲĺ⣬Ī꣬ϵİ̺۲ôѿٵôѾָȬˡ
һã硭
㡭

һ˺úõĴһɣˡ
ʣҲĿ⸴ӵĿıӰס˽Ųе˰̵ҩĬĬرһԵļľСϣ󡭡ǻȻĳ˷š
뿪תѾûа˵ģǽùҩУ˼תתԥͿĨϡ
ҽŵùģҩ㲻ܳ׵˿ڰ̺ʧĻҲ˸߰˰ˣֻһĺۼҪֻһĺۼĻ
ͺðˡ
ǲɵùһĨЦ⻨ͭеԼȻЦĪ
ĿԼûʲôúµˡŮΪüݡǣûϲԼˡһٺÿҲ޼¡ò˷Ǹá
УüĽšţǰǾװ򶨵ģȴҺĶˣҪǶ˵ĻĻɱԼġ
ֻǡʲôʱʶģʲôʱ򹴽һģ
֮ĹϵȻôãǴƴǺֻŻ֮ʶģ
˵˴һʼ᣿ϾϼҼϼҼȻΪŮϵǿĳ˸ûа㸸Ů֮顣
Ҫ֮źϵĻǻãǴһʼǸϵĻôƴǺֻҪӼˣ
ա
˺ܿıʰһУһ׼ųǰǳʲô
룬뿪ʱȴͻȻԺгǰͿĨҩ࣬ȷƺת࣬һ㱡ɴֲһֱȻ顣
ҸһɡĿǿʱȴǼᶨҲһȥһòã
ҪǻƽʱҲֱӾܾһβһˣ˺ۣʱҪʱԼ̼ܻܿɲĥĴǡ
ѾǴŲȥˣҪһ˼Ļ»ٶȲìܣʱ˷ǸӲˣ¶ԥھǿĹ˼һ㣬翪˵һԹֻҲһţҪһ𣿡
͵ˡ
ԴǿУǿֻ֮ܣɵĵ˵ͷðɣǱһɡ
ԣ¶Цݣ翴ĽǶȣȷʵĿĵȺԶĲϣ޵ļ

1437 ʲô

1437 ʲô
˵ʲôҪһ˶ۼһ𣬲ֿ
Űɣŵ˳֮ŻҪǺÿ
ļʾⶫīһжϣ۾ĿվıҼͱڤ
ǰȷǺҪǡ
иҪ顣
ѹӵڱҼĶ߷ԸĿˣһ³ɣѸٵĽбڤ͵ҵߣ𣿡
Ҽһ𣬵صĵͷǣӣף
ڱҼķӦ⣬˰֣̰ɣ
һ˺ܿ뿪š
Ǿ뿪֮ͻȻһȺ֮ͣ˵ʱȻǱ뵽֮ڡ
水ֻƴڷԼױ湬ĵϢǱ֮ڣʱҼͱڤȥɽѰ
ɽŨŨѪζģ̣Ҫ˵˹ɨˡ
罫ѪƳעʱ͵Ϯ͵۾ڣѪ˳ۿһֱڣ£屻ѪҧȻǻû׵ΪѪƵĿܡ
Ǿ˶һ˵ʱû뵽ڿ֧š
϶㻹İڤ´ȴ̲ס㣬ò˵ȻͬеѪƣҼܿı㱻Ѫƿˣȴ֧֮ܿãѾһֻ۾ɻܼᶨʶȴһʱ޷ѪƳ׿ƣǽбڤġ
ҲΪˣЩϧģҪҲܱѪƸƵĻǿһ֣ǽڵҲã붼ܿҲסһҵĻᡣ
ҡ
ԽзˣҪ˵ĻҲǻԽѶȡ
Ḷ́ĵȵױƵһ죬
ɣúõĳԼٰɣϣ֮϶Ѿûɺһ˾ͺˡ˵꣬ڤͻȻЦ˼֣иŸմҵȡѪ͵ǰѪƳڣҪѪιġ
õѪԽ࣬Ѫ˵ЧԽãй˵ʱҲԽ̡
쵽ڻѪƵĿƣܴһ̶ֳΪǿ˵ʲôϷѪйϵ
ȻȥʳǾֻǿιˣ
ʯϵǱǴۿѪЩѪôϽ裬·ϣɽʯϣҡ
룬Ĳ״ڤ˵֮ȴǻ̧ͷýеһֻ۾ŭĵűڤͱҼѡͽ
ƤĴǻȻ󣬵ȴ˵֡
ͽ
ǡ
ڤ书ͣȷǺ׾ܱסǱҼһҼ书µһȴҲ㱻ԸˣֻҪҼ롭
ǿԽȥΪ˿ƵĿܡ
̫ûˡ
ֻǼ򵥵˹Ƴ̱֮㵹ˣ
䣬Ҽͱڤ˺ȻһûܵκεӰ죬ЦŵĿ죺УѪб¿ͣȥȡ˵ѪûϵҽշҪǿȥȣ㻹ô죿ڤЦЦϵıǱ
Ǹ϶
ʱˣȻҪǡ
Լ书ǿ͵ΪԼ޵
ǵȷûѵܺõȥ
һ
ѣ
϶ʶȤһЩѪȥƤ֮ࡣڤǿн°ץסͼ治֪϶ж
ѾŪôң۾ҲϹһֻȻôӲ
ҼۿűڤǿйѪȴִŵĲϵͷ죬ȴ޵ĸпġ
ҪݲҼǵҪͨѡ˵һˡ
֮λķڷģƾʲôҶĴļȴƫƫҪʤһƹŻʲôΪʲôõĵط
ڣ첻ܵʲôǵʱʼնŹģһ˲䱱ҼĲƽ⣬˲ĻΪˣҲǱΪĿľ壬ҪǻĻǼֲ˵ģ㵱ûзʱԼ׶ˣҪ϶ֵĻ±ҼҲԲйȻ˵ĳɹһĵģֻűķ⡣

1438 ֻԼ֪

1438 ֻԼ֪
ʵȴǶŸԸֻ࣬Լ֪
븶࣬ҪֱӵõջϲãǼֱǳ˵λʵֵġ

Ҽɵҡͷ̾ٿˡ
ܾʵĪҲЩġ
ڤ֪ԼһпֻǿιѪȴԽˣҪ϶Ͼˡ
֮ǰ򲻹϶ˣ϶£Լ϶֣̫ˣ
˸£ûע⵽ִιѪʱѾһ¡
СĽţȻѾŴ벿ֵŵ뿪ˣʣµĵҲͬǲСĿڣĿȴĴŵ
ƴǺֻߵģֻǴţڵʲôαŲʱ
浹ǲ±ģĶȭԵĻ˵һ䲻ĻûĶ֣йƳĻǱҪ˼Сĵġ
ʵͲȺ˵ͷкĵȻжǣ
Ȼ
һǴСĽģû뵽һ·ȴûκεǺģֱ̹˶壬ۼűֻʣԶıҵؽûйȥˣ
ǲе֣ʵͲǰ棬ɻĿ棺ڵĵôأôڿûʣˣû
Ҫյ֮ƵĻδҲ̫˰ɣ
ֱӽĵؽ綼ˡ
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ô
ôŵĵӶȥˣ
ʵȷ̫СĽˣԭȷǽĵһɣ湬ҲҪڵڶģϧ˶˵ıƳȺһһ֮󡭡
˴ĵˡ
ټϼҼŵһΣѡ˴ĵ뿪ţô֮¡ﻹʲôˣ
ûзʲôҲ֮ˡ
湬Լױᳵ·õ֮ڣΪȺףλڳ
ֻʣһЩĵӣûзʲô򣬱ֱӽڵĵӸˣЩԭΪˣǲ
Ӧ˵ǲӦ˵ɡ
ۼԼߵһԼǰƳĥȥҾڹƳĥ֮»ȴӲΪѪصجΡ

ɢ˺ˣ
ǡ˹ƷסҲûֱ̫ӱͶˡ
ԭӦһĴսûбǡ쳣ĺг
ô죿ʵͲЩãȻ
˶ú֮˱ٶȻصߣ˹֣ĿѯŶЩڵĵӦδã
ȻҲǱġ
üͷȷʵûаֵи
ȥһ±շЩӣûʲô©⣬ѾɹĽƿأȴҲɲܴ⣬ǲӽѲߣʲô쳣ʱ㱨ƴʱѾŴŵ棬ЩӻҲ˽ġ
ֻ֪Ĵ峤Ƚ֮⣬˵ǲʲôвϼҼڳ˵ɽ֮Ѿ뿪š

˵ߵʱڱչأҲ֪ھʲôû˶֣Ծڱչв֪Щʣµһ˱ǱҼˡ
һҼҲһʵСģ¶ֵСģ˿ƴǺֻ۽ڳȴű٣ڱæն˵·
˵ʲôҲҪûк֮ǵġ
ǣū͹ȥ顣ʵͲ೯湰˹֣ӰѸٵʧ֮ڣǲ֮࣬ǰѾֻһţӦЩΪϤġ
üĽȴƴߵʱ˵Ǿ仰
ֱҪˣ֪ŵıһڱչУôһ˵ҪҲܵ˶ֵĻ
ǿ²ŵһƽϣɣϣǲ֪
΢ЩƵĿЩŵӵǰϱϡ
ʵͲǮȥ֮ܿӰٶȳǰȴǴŻֵ̿ģûмҼͱҴүӰ
˻
Ȼ֪鲻ô򵥣ͬ
еĵӺԼ٣Ĳ̽һ±ҼͱҴүȥʲôطʲôطɣòıһһҵǰ㱨浱ϡ

1439 Ϊ˻λ

1439 Ϊ˻λ
Ͼһ֮еĳһҲƴ٣ܶʱҪƴǸ
ƴǿ˵ĻߣΪ˻λһ㡣
ֻϧŮڵĳûƴʲô¶ˡ
ǣʵͲ๰˹֣ԸЩǰ˵ĻȥһѸѰҺʵĵطһʲô쳣ǰ׼ҲŻͬʱſûκε쳣
ҼͱҴүɽкã׼õѪҲһ룬ǿιȥһ룬ŷſɽɽ
˻Ȼ֪ı仯ֻһĶš
϶ҲǹͷӲģÿζҪѾȥιѪˣڤЩĿԼֱϵ˰̣ÿǿиιѪʱԼҪССЩˣΪҪѱڤˣ
Ϊ챻ӣҲ㺬ĵӦôǿƣҪĵӦҲӦġ
ʵǾÿķ
ֻܱҼͱڤҪ
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ڤ͵͵˲ۡ
Ҽ˱ڤһۣô¶㶼ãպҪҵλãҲδ̫˰ɣ
ԴӱڤԱҼ¹֮ȻǸӣǱҼԱڤļҾʹûֹͣڤúԩֲһ졣
˾дɽص֮ڣ˻ûвŵ쳣Ǿ˿ҪصҵĵؽʱȴȻòԾ
ףûзЩ죡
Ȼ뿪Ŵ˲ٵĵǳȥŵ֮ڣǴɽߵǱҵĵؽ磬ôԶ·̾Ȼûпһŵĵӣǲ̫ˣ
ЩǶȥĶˣ
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ڱ鲻Եʱ򣬱ҼѾһãʲôиǳˣ
ҼĪĻţߵʱ绹ĽţһҪСĽԷʲôʣֹ˳ſճʱϮ
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ǲŸո뿪ڱˣ
Сһ㣡һڤ֮󱱼Ҽ㼱ĳĴѰҹȥڤ״ҲǸڱҼ󣬸Ӷ˳ŽɫСĽ뵽˱ҵĵؽ֮ڣ
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ڤͱҼĴС·Ƶ˱ҵĵؽ֮ڣҼüϸǲ
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ô죿
ԣڤҲǾ裺Ӧûߵ̫Զɣȥ˴Ϣ˻
ڵǲ˵˴˵ҲףŶ˵ɽ֮ˣЩҪ˸ȥԲŻôƽӻţΣģǵĿҪ֮ڣ
ǲ뱱ڤոտڣֱӱҼǳˣ
ϵȥţӿϢ֮Ҳˣ
ң֪ʲôССϺǸռţҪ˻ֻ֣֮Ǽආǻ˴£
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Ǿ͵òʧˣ
ңڱҼҲĺͰյģ
ôҲһ֮书Ϊ˵ˣڸ֮Ҳ书˲٣Ѱûз棬Ҳģ
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ҵȥڴҵǰЩڱ˸ȻϷ׼ʱڱҵǸͷˣһټܽŵΣˣҼ˫ڣ˵ʱ˸⣬ڤ֣صģ漴ܿǴлع
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ǽбڤԼȥ

1440 

1440 
ڤ࣬űҼʱһĸо״ˣ׶𣿡
һҲСı˴ô죿
ĸ׽ԼĶȥӸԼڻġ
뱱ҼڿڤôûϢӵʱͻȻݺݵ˱ڤƨɣûõĶ
ֻȥ̽һͲˣ㵱ӵʱôôʣ
ҪǱڤôûϢģȻԼӶ֣Ҽ˵˳ƶΪŵأ
᲻ǣ
Լĵ֣ĵ˾ηηβˣ
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ڤҲǳصģѪƵİæǲڶʱʤڶʱҲǲܱʵͲܵģ
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ҼеɻӰȴٿس˵ǰֱ̧ӷƺ˲ʵͲؿڣڤо˳ҺѸٵĵͷڴŴıڤĶ߿˵鴦͸©Ź죬ҺͻᾡĺЩҪ׼ʱȥɽнǸ϶ų˵ǰЩҪţ
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Ȼ˸ƴǳһģһˣҿ˵书ҲѰ֮ôӦܵȴǵģһӲҪΪԷһʱõİ֡
첢δѪȫĿס룬书Ǹߵû˵ŵȰ̶ȣܱȵùҪǱ֪˾˭ݺŵĻǻȥһҲҪƴ

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һֱ۷飬ǰȴʵͲˣ൱Ƕɣ˵ĸߵͣɱ̷ֳ˸£
ڱҼЩֵʱ򣬱ڤѾ׼ʱֱӵĳ˹ȥûͲڤǲҪĳӣͱҼһԵڻͰæǽЩһʱֱӱڤߣ
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1441 ôţ
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ʵͲųʹؿڣĿⵣǵĿ棬ƱҪǰģȴֻ۽ǵ⿴ˣǵĿڣû£̴ȥǸڤץ
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ڵɽѾȫƷΧ֮ˣû˰ͱҼ֮Щ湬ĵӸǶԼչ˲Ҫ׷
ѪƵİæģֻ已̥Ҫô׷ȥվľһ˲䣬ʱ򣬻Ҫץţ
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ڤҧݺݵһ䣬ϵıݣ˫ȵĶȴǴаֵֹͣڡ
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ȻһֱҪ϶ͷǵ׶ŵĲǣڶҲǹһ˵飬ֲָֻŲǣҵںЩľţҵĻѾ˵ˣ㰮Ųš
ҪǲţҵսˣųΪ˵֮ʱھͳɣ
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ת֮䱱ڤϵЦȴֽ˻ȥиһֲõԤС
ȥʰЩ˵ȷһ£ǣҪǵ콫ЩŵĵӸʰ֮أ
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ͻȻ֮䱱ڤޱ߿֮У㲻ʰˣҲҪЩ˵¡
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1442 ܾ
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岻ɵԺиһõͷѵѾ𣿾ǰ˽ɱ˵ģϵĶвԼ


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1443 ɽ
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1444 ɱҰɣ

1444 ɱҰɣ
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ʮְʮָɴϣʱ򣬻ǲɵЩ𺳣ҪԼɱ
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˾Ӧþҵˡ
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ħ棬˿ȴҲϣϿ漣
ҡҡͷĿпĿ棬ͬţƹܲ˽ŵĹϷױ㿪ʼϰһŹΪ䣬Ҳ֮ǰѾ켸ͻƵ˰˶ΣۼűҪ˵ھŶΡ
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Ϸڵ书˵ԴĻ˵ԷҲΪ书ϷҪϷ򶷰ҲҪĴ۵ġ

1445 ·ҪԼȥߣ1

1445 ·ҪԼȥߣ1
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ף˵Щǿ岻˵ʵ
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ŰҲǵ
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Щ̣ȴٿЦЦ

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ڣСŮѾ˹ϵĴֺ֧ͱȥȣˣǴҲΪºҲֻܽϣСŮˣϣгһСŮܽǸ˳ײҽ齨ػյ۷塣
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ȷңȴǡ
ҪϵѪǻϷ˼룬ϷнϾĻڱѪƵʱϷѾԾˣϧϷٶȿڽͣԱͲɵҲǱĻ˵ݣ΢΢ۿ
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վԼ˵ͷǲɵһĨȻЦ⣬ЦǱӳ£źǲʱˣȴĪᣬȫ컺رһֻе۾Ὺڵְɣ
ڵѪڷܣƺ֪ԼͷǲҪطɲ첻ѪƵƴ
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ѲҪɱǲ̫ˣ
沢δֱӻشʵͲĻĿĿźѪƲȴǻڣпǲɱҪۿѪƵĥȴҪΪǸ˵ĿܣǶĲ̡
ڸҲ⿪ѪƵĽҩ²ɱ죬֮Ҳһʵ̫ˣоεĺ֧ܿţѾǲˣϵѪƻδ׵ѵƴǺֽȻͬĳ档
ͷǳ͹ƹ̲סھ޴ʹ֮£һԥߴٵְɣûϵġ
ƣ滺ر۾ȴ컰£ֱֱĳĿڴ˹ȥ
ꡪ
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˸ߵĿԽİ취ƱŵĵǼĺܻӰ

1446 ·ҪԼȥߣ2

1446 ·ҪԼȥߣ2
Ҳǵûпڿഫ
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ҡ
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Ĳ״ֻܳһΣǰ̵ĸŶ
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ʵͲ֮󣬱Ѹٵ˹ȥһٷ֮£ǳɹҵһƿ
˽ڤϵѪɱˣ˱ҼһһǰѪƲעʱ򣬽ѪװڵƿУҷסڡ

ʵƿϸպã˱ٶվԱߡ
ҵѾˣҲǳǵƿ֮УǸô
ʱŽŸոˡ
ԭǻһЩģû뵽ʱת䣬ǽ˴æʣβҲǺˡ
Ʋһʣ²ĵӣ֣صĿڣʰһңЩʣҪ˷һ湬ƵĵҩǱ»س
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š˳Ŀ⣺ƴеİͻʳǻҲЩױˣܺǸ໥ˣЩŵĵ˵Ǹ˵书Ǹ߳
ֻϣεܿЩɡ
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ֻҪǹƳĥҲǻᱻǹƳӰҹѰƳһղǸһղһջΪڣԶܰա
˯žʲôʱǸ˻Ӱεĳ֣ȻһȥϢɣҲæµ˺üˡ
󡭡Ȼתǽɫ˵ϱ鶼ǰδеء
ҹĳŨĺһīһ㣬Ļ
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ãȻ۾ֻͷ۵Ҳ֪Լɽ赹˶á
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Ȼ
첻ˡ
һ֮﷢һݣҩɽǰҽ伮вعģЩƳڼݵʱ򣬱֤ܿʵеĲ룡
ҺáҺúûš
ųʹĶͷǽŵĴѰŻ˯֮ǰֵǸҩģ

1447 ڱҵˣ

1447 ڱҵˣ
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Ѿ˵ԼݣҲܵԭƴǵĽ㣬ѹ֣ǻĸ׵˫û
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1448 س

1448 س
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֮ǰֻҲоһЩԤƳҩġ
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ôţŲѸٵسԼԺߡ
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1449 ŮһҪԼһ

1449 ŮһҪԼһ
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˵ʱ򣬱úõ˵һ˵ʱǾŵĲϣҲ¶Цݡ
Ȼǰ統ڲͲ̫ãҲûɫ㱻˵ɷһİֽţǻ㣬˵㻹òã
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һۣȥ硣
ǲڲĮûаŭŴεЦŵĿŲ룺аɾǻУܹ鲻Ǻ⣬ҪʲôҪĻǲĵطͬҿ˵İɣһֱֽŵģŵ˳֮ҵһԺ潫㰲ұ㻹ǻָɲڹˡ
ǷǳʱڣҪǾôɿˣⲻ벻ߡ
ٵεʱ򣬺ôΪƶв룬ǳ֮ɾͲһˡ
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ߡһûмشĻȴǽ˵Ľ̸һԼһ¡
ԽòŮ˶˵ԽеģԼһʱһСϥֺ磬Ī˵ǸɫˣΥΥ˼ûС

1450 ֻҪһ

1450 ֻҪһ
Ϊ̫±Է¶СɼΪɻǱˣѾ룬ȡҪĵλ
񿴼ĺ翪˵˦ӡ
ۿ΢죬ȴֻúЦ
ԭ˵װһŮˣŮ˵̬ûжϵģŮԽ΢ǻԽ˲ӣΪ̫򵥣ûʲô˼͵õˣϧ
ЩѾģĻǵĶŻᱻӣΪǷ֮ףʶϧ
аɣȺúõϢҾȻȥˣһ㣡ʼձε̾һ֮㶯š
죬еķŭʧת˫ˮ֪˾Ҫ̧ȳҲûжԣǾˮվԭأĿͬг硣
һ˫ӯӯˮҪȴ󳳴˿и֮顣
翴վҲ΢΢Щ㵡
֮ǰͲһʱ̫ɣûע⵽Ȼվ˵ģͻȻҲһЩ飬ʶҲǲԵİɣԼϾѾ˻ԼҲӦһӶչ˺ȴǶԵ㺡
ңԼеĸ飬ޱı¶ǰЩκ;޴롣
ٵĽԼЩѹȥߵǰĿʵôˣ
ʲôҪ𣿡
ҪǰڻУǲĽŲȴ˼سҡҡͷӣ磬һҪ㣬һҪ˵ʵ𣿡
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֣أҲֻǳɵ˲䣬صĵͷãʲôȵ˵ɣﲻ˵ĵط
ڿջϣزŵĵӣҪܹӰ첻õġ
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һΣûбܻ䣬Ҳûװ֪ӣĿƵֱϣǰִֵ񣬷ڸһҪõһ𰸡
𰸺ǲ̣ʵܲˣÿοҡڲ󣬶÷ʹ
ԣĿ⣬ҲǸӵĸӣΪʲôô˵
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ǲǾո·ЩࣿЩӦҪǾ岻ĻȺúõϢһ˰б㣬ԵϢ֮ٸ·һȥÿа̽һ³ȷ˰ȫ֮ٽȥ
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дҪԼˣ
ת⻰⣬һҪԼ£ǵԼǺúƭɣ
ûӱܣ˫磬ֱ΢İ磬㿴ҵ۾һʵ𣿡
ʵʱһֱǲҺϲϱˣңὫصˣҲҪߣҪѹҲҪ㣬ֻҪĬĬ󡣡
˵ʱͷܿҵĴڡҲ᳹׵Ľˣ
˵ĹʹӣĿⲻȥֱ磬ۿдδεˮȴǶԼֱϣǵ棬Ѿˡ
֪ǸбˣҲӦõŮˣҲ䡣
ֻҪһ𰸣磬Ҳôʱķϣ͸һȷ𰸺𣿷ҵǻеΣ
΢΢ڽʹԼһ㣺㵱ΪϲҴС㣬ȴΪң˺ҵĻһֱƭңҷϣܺʵʵ˵Ҳڶĸ鵱޷԰ΣǶ˵ǲĥ˺
ˣ𣿡
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Ҳֲ
ǵĵȷȷϲģǶȴŲ롣
ΪϿҵܶԼͬĸоͯľҲúһʱ˷ϧ

1451 ҪԼ1

1451 ҪԼ1
ǶҲ磬˵ĸ˵˭ȡ˭Ҳ˵˭˭ֻ˵ڻǱĬӰ졣
Զи鶼ΪǶԲŻԲЩĪ㺣ǿʹ޵ԼǰѹҲ÷ܣ̲סǰĽԼĻС
ңûбҪҪƭġڵ˫Ŀ⸴ӵ˸ţϵΪҲԶ׼ЩɳƵڽ͡
ǵãҵľҲǴǰеÿοѹʱҶúԼûܺúõչ˺㣬ҵҪúõĶġ
˵ϣûл֮ǰ磬ȷǶųҵİ⡣
ҪȻԲôӦҪӭȢΪŵˣֻҪװʶͿˣûУͿ˵һˣ
ڣ˼ȷǻӰ쵽Բĸģ籾ĸҲǶ޷ĥģ¿ģҲζ
紹Ҳ֪ʱôˣǻĪĸоΪԭɡ
ͻȻȻĿϵľڲأϿҵģһ׵滹Ǽ١
Щʱ֪Լʲô
Լ˵һ仰ʱȴͻȻ彩ӲĻС
ʯ֮䣬Ժиһǿҵ뷨֣ѵԼ磿ʵ鲻ǹ
Ҳ֪ڵǶģ֪Բĸ顣
֮ǰ˵ΪģôһԼ֮˲뵽ԭͻȻ˫ֽץס磬ˮۿҲˮס
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ΪߵǶģ
ܼǶ˼Ѿȫȡˣĳ̶ֳ˼룬ĸ黹֮ڣӰ㣬Щʱĸ飬Ĵʵ㱾ĸʹǶģ
ĿⷢЩҲǸɫȻĻǶҲǺܴģһֱ綼ѪƵԼȻǽȥ壬ôȫٿ壬û뵽˼뻹д嵱УʱʱڰӰ硣
ϵı˾ᣬԭѾһ̶ˮٶ΢΢Ĳ
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ֲԲ̣ԭǸĶ֣
ҪǵΪԭ쳣ĻôԸһλġ
ٶϣ硣˵㲻ҪΪöĸоҪȥȥĻᱻӰԽԽܻȫ˼ƣĻ˶ռ˶𣿡
ò磬ҪǱ˶ǰװ׵ıǸСӣ
Ļ𺳣ɫһҪĿԼжĸ飬Ĳȥ磬ˣűų޵磬Ƕ
Ѿˣ
֪˵ΪѣϾ֮ǰĶϲһʱ֮Ҫ׸ĵĻȷΪˣһҪǿԼһʱ֮ͻ˵ĻȷģҲٻ˼ˡɵĿ⾼Ŀ硣
εע֮£ЩɵĿѯʵ𣿡
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˵а취ԼסԼж㺣л¶ϣʱȷǱԼĪĸĥЩץ
֪ǲԵģǾǿƲסԼΪԼˣǵˣһһڡ
ԼĿ϶֮£ˣԭԼԭ򡭡
еҲڶʱ֮ɢҵ˷ܶɣͬصĳԼͷͻȻҵ˷һ㣬ֽ󣺡лл㡣
ллһֱҵߣҲллһֱûзңϰң
˵֣أΪ֮ǰ̫¶ԭɣѾϰе鶼һȥ˼Ƿϵ쳣ʱҲֻһĬĬĳܣûҪ̸ģֽİ취Ȼڡ

1452 ҪԼ2

1452 ҪԼ2
ں˵һ֮󣬱ůůǴǰԼĸ׻ŵʱйģĿ
һʱ֮䣬ǽЩĵͷ˵
֮ǰȻ磬ȻʶûΪʲôֱӸ綨δü綯֣ǲǵҪһˡ
ֻ
ڵȷǲ磬ǡǸһҪ
ǰܺĳ֣ģȷ֪˶˼Ӱ֮󣬱ƶҪ˼ˡ

Ͷ˼Ҫܾõʱ䣬ǡֻҪˣôһеĽû塣
˶ѾˣϲϲӰӰ컹ʲôҪأ
ֺİοһ磺磬ϾҪȥˣʱҪԸƴǣƱǺֵܼһ飬ʱȱϹˣӦרĵϰ书ȡͻŶΣѺҲ㲻ôᣡ
ЩʱԼȷԼĸʱЩתһעٺòѡˣ
򣬷ҪǿԵĸıԼ˼ʱЩģʱܻʵ䷴
ҲãǾհ˵ķɣüͷɿҲٶȱ˴ǰˮ
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ۼֻһţһˣǧʱ⡣
粻Լʧܣʧܣ
ͻűȷҪ飬ӦñŮǣסԼĽŲӰ쵽Լ̬ʱǵ˴£
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һԼʱĪģ
ҪһֱԼ벻ʱ̹ԼæԼЩϵ쳣ãҲˣ翴Ǹм
лл㣬Ҫڣʱǵ治֪ôźˣ
ȻЦЦһ˫ˮ飺磬ʵǺ̫ˣ
ѾףұӣδҪ߹һˣʲôΪѺѣҶߺһȹģżվҲҲ벻İɣ
Ŀ̽ŵ磬ȴ֮̽»ĵͷȻģʲôҶ뿪ģ
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磬ûʲôĻȺúϢȻʼ书ɣ
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һĨȻЦ⣺á
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ڰлŲİȫ
Ҫγ书ʱ򽫻նɱƱҪһеġ
Ѿ緢һˣҪٱ緢˵ڶεĻʱ򣬾ԼҲұ֤絽ǻ˭
᲻Ϊ治ֻعԼʹɱˣ˭֪ͶĽǻ˭Ӯ˭䣡
Ҫһȫ߲֮ܶ֡
תתҲڿٵ˼Ű취Ļص˳ƴǺֻ֮󣬳ƴֻʱϾ
Բֱõѡ
֮ǰҪҵƹƳķѾ֪ܲ磬һʲôӰ쵽֮󣬾ͺһ˺۵ŮºޱǸˣ
ҪչҪƿԼУ֮ǰֻˣ̱˵ϲ
ʵ̫˲ĵˣ
ǵ֮Լ书ͻȻߣΪѪƣ֮ӲķϲΪ书ˣΪżȻ֮һصϸйŹƳ飡
ҪܽǱҵĻԼǲҲԿʼйƳˣ
˼תתŷר书磬תȥ˿ջȥ
ǿ׼˲ٶϡ
ղصĵĻضˣϾԼ֮⣬û֪ϹǴѧģҲ㲻̫Сǻ˶˼ע⡣
Ҫ罫ƹƳ飬Яǿɾ̫ˣֻܵ˯ʱ򣬻ϴʱܿˡ

1453 ˮת1

1453  ˮת1

ʹڡ
ƴǺֻĿصؿǧ߬ŵţϵıأжŵ
ǽܶ˷ֹȷͷƴ׼һսǱƺն·
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ӣǹţ
Ӳģǧ͹ż첽ǰݵƴǵУεע֮£ƴѸٵĽǷŴ򿪣üͷɿҲ˼ȻЦݡ
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ƴǵһĴ΢΢ţȴʲôû˵ֱӽ͵ֻǰ㿴ɣ
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⼸ûʲô顣
˾ȻǽץˣҲΪѪƶԾˣ
ʱǽ갡Ҫ˵ѻĻ֪Լ׹ϢǲǻܲסصĴأ
Сҵ˿ѪƵҩģһŽһ
ǰֻȰ˵һسﶼأ
ȴԸҡǴſƹƳĽҩģֱƴǺֻľǣ
ֻ˵׮׮飬޵ڵҲǸŲɵȻһ
֮ôûйƴǣҲʼ׼˰ɣ
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ƴЦһ£޵ڵ˲ɵô˸ǧ¡
ΪϤƴǵģҲƴǵ̷õˡÿҪӵϳЦݵʱһҪùˣ

ҲǸֵϼҼˣ
ʹС
ϼҼ廨ϣƴǴ˹ʱϼҼһ˫иǷŭ
ݺôãεȵ΢Ű
ԼǰҲҪֵӵģۼԼļƻȱҪɹĵõҪõһУû뵽
ˮһգ˵ȴڼëСԸͷѾϼҼƵĲˣ
練ҧһѪҲͰˣĵǰԼģڡ
Ȼ
ȻƴСӵ廨İϣϼҼһˣδƴǺֻӰ߽ʱϼҼȲĳƴǵķŭ
ƴʲô˼
й֮й˵˩¹˵ˣǲй˾ûԼ˼롣
ĳ̶ֳϣϼҼϼҼŶ뷨ģ
Ѳ㲻Ļʺýҩˣ
㽫ϷǼ˼ϼҼͳŭò˳λûûȺأϼҼ㱻ǿƸʪĹط
ԼΪĻʵ۵θǻδüֱˡ
õϼҼУ첻Ӧеصز飬ûԼûѪԸԼԣ
ϼҼҪˣ
ǲƴϼҼвԼ֮󣬲ɵЦ˻ǡ
಻ԼλúͿ
ϼҼѾʱҲ㲻˵ЩûôĻɡ
ϼҼиûн⿪ǹƳĽҩֺαػҪǵǰǿװӲӲȥأƴ΢̧ĵĿϼҼϣûзŹϼҼκһϸ΢ı顣
տʼʱƴȵȷǻϼҼеûнҩ֮һϵпЭֻ̽ѣȻ̽ͽˣϼҼԼҲ˹Ƴһ˲俪ʼ
ƴǵǺƶ֪˽ϼҼûнҩ
ֻںԼֻˣҪнҩĻžԼҲѪƣָ
ܡֻûнҩǺǸ治ͣˣ
ŻϼҼ֣תϼҼҲԼ²ŵĿˣ

1454 ˮת2

1454 ˮת2
ҲԷ٣øˡ
˭̰ģ
ҪĹﵽɸ˵ıûףǺԼ
ôġã
ףϼҼɫԽѿ
ǾˣʱİˣֲϷİˡϼҼһҪסԼϺͽⲻ֪ϼҼЩӦƴǿҲûκĵط
֪ϼҼô˵
ϼҼ㲻ֹûнҩô򵥰ɣϼҼɫô̫ãƴǻǰеذ˸ź⣬һĴϼҼ˫и͸¶ΣյϢ
㡭ҪʲôϼҼ־۾ǵķؿƴǣ˵ҲǸſĿİͰҪʲô
ס֣
ס֣
ҶϷ֣ϼҺŵЩǿɶԹ۵ģʱƱҪ㳯˲صģҪˣ
ϼҼੲݡ
㵽ʱϼҼǲвƴǣֻ̲סЦ˳ˣڣ˵УϼҼͺСһô˺ֻ͸˾úЦ
ȹһԼİȫɣѾѪƵ˾Ȼŵĺ˵Ǳ˻Ǯ˵ѾȫǸ˸ˣԸΪ˵ū
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ƴֻĻеذͻȻת˷򣬴°˲ĵϼҼĿڴǽϼҼǰѸ
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ƴǺֻдԼĻԣϼҼɫǺ죬˵ĿҲŶǡ
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ϼҼֻϻٿƴǺֻϵı飬ڹԼԼ޵ݣ
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ϼҼ벻ףһֱװĺܺð
ƴǺֻǿнԼľȸѹȥװûбѪӰ쵽ӣ˵˵ҲǺЦϼҼǸҪռŵģ˸ƣǰŬȫһ֮ˮǸ˼¡
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ϼҼŻ⣬޲ƴǺһκϵ˩ŵʵ̫ˣϼҼô޷׵ѿֻܴζŵ̵ַģ
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㵽Ҫʲô
רŹϷΪ˳ЦϷ򣬾ȻôĴۣ湻ݵģϼҼ͵һŭŭĿƴǺֻǷŭ񣬺޲ֱӽ˸ǧˡ
µôܲףһʼƴǱûȫȻԼ֮ԻӦԼΪ޷ҲֻҪԼƭѣ
Ͼƴǵĵ̣֮ԼǱƴǿ˰ϵ⣬ƴ׸ˣ
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ɺ֮ǰԼȨƸɱ˫ۣȻûзͶƴƺõģ
ƴҲǵɺް
ȻΪԼ֣ϧλø˼ޡ
ҪƴϷʵϼҼôܻϵƭ
ϼҼĵŭţֻһĸо˸Ӿ
룬ԱȽϼҼܵ˴̼ķƴǺֻȻҪȻĺܶˣһĵϼҼ͵Ǵһʼ֪ûнҩǺŷֵġ
˵׻ϼҼ㲻ĿƺͳıŻǸ˿ӵĻᣬѵ
ҺͻϼҼӦú޵ˣǸ¹Ƶ˰
ƴֻ̯̯֣ͬҡͷЦЦ
治֪ϼҼôŭƴǡ
˵ףϼҼǰƴǷ߲ܺ
ҪϼҼųĳãֳƴѵʱƴ¹ƣԲŻֵ֮鷢ϼҼΪԼһʱ֮Լֵַ˸ˣڲ˲Ѫȥӡ
˵ףӦ÷ŭԹ޵ƴǺֻŶԣϼҼݺԩӡ
ϼҼҪޣҲӦǺ޵Ǹҧгݲǡ
еЦ
ôϼҼ˹֮Ҳ˻أ
ͬģϼҼҲĿƴǺֻͻȻ׹ƴǺֻ˵ĻûдԼԼôܲǸ磡
ϼҼ޲ý˺

1455 ˮת3

1455 ˮת3
Ǹ磬ȻƵͷϣ˹ƣ֪ʱӦֱӸɱˣҲͲкôĵˡ
ûõõϵѪƣ
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ҪΪô꣬е˽Ƣϲã֪µĹƳȫȫֻԼһܽ⿪ģʱϼҼ͵ƴôԹԵҪŻҵ籨
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ȻϼҼƴǵǸȤģƴǿڵʱֱӶƴƿڴˣǺɵ̽ŵĿƴǣȴƴǿϸ˵
ϼҼϹƴǲĽ֪ܵûйƳĽҩģҲƣ磬ҺΣ
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ϾڵѾȣֻӵһƱ£书Ҳ֪ʲôʱȻߣԼĪĳ̶ȡ
ҪֻǿԼı£һйƵ״̬£Ҫ࿹ʵ̫ˡ
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ƴǲ书ĻϣҪϼҼģһ㣬ϼҼٲϣȴҲǲòϵ飡
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ϼҼſٶȱϣҪ˵ĻҲôĸ˻ȥ
˼ĴƴʣȻûֱʳڣУĿѾ˵һУǲвţԭСأ
ֲ֮ǰУģĺ˵ôĻǵأ
СӣĻ
ƴҲͬϼҼе˼˫ǰüĿϼҼûаֵıܻ䣬˵ԣͬǻҪôѡˣֲں
ϼҼ޺޵ҧ֮䣬ȴڿٵԼҪҪشƴǵ⡣
ƴ֪ϼҼŹǣյţʵҲֲǵҪ̫̣ҪϼҼ֮ǰЩʵǽǷĲ¡
һǵһǣܲ¶ϼҼռ˱ˡ
˵λõ֮˵̬ҲҪĸıһˣ
Ϊ˱ٴαϼҼݺҪϼҼȸ㶫Ҳǿĳ⣬ܼȥ˵԰ɣҪƼ˿¼עҪǵҪҪ֡
ƴ򴽵ЦĿϼҼľᣡ
ո˵Ļһ㶼û˵Ҫǽλõһ£ƴǴƣϼҼϼҼвƴǵĻǿɲҪ⻹
λϾұƴøأʲôھҪ˼ҵĽɽͻλֵأ
ֻϼҼȽԼĳ⣬˵һǸ˵飬㲻ʲôΪѵģϼҼҲûʲôʧƴǵҪһ㶼֡
ҧƴһڣƴܷܲȥҧһڡ
Ͱأ
ϼҼѡ֮ǰҪбҪ֪һ㡣ƴǵһĴǻ˵ĻϼҼ档
ʲôϼҼҲûıʵ
˵ʵϼҼҲǺϼҼȴ֪һܣǾһйƵ飬ֻҪҵǱƵ飬صĹƳҲ⿪
ƴǺȻǺ£ϼҼʡ˲ٵ˼
˭ܱ֤ƴǲǰ
ϼҼǸɵˣ˵ʱҲǽɵĵطȥˡ
Ǿ䣬С֮ĶȾ֮ʵдա
׶ڽлôʱģԱ˴˵綼һ˽⣬ϼҼҲ֪Լ֮ǰζԴƴǵģƴôԸԼΪ

1456 ˮת4

1456  ˮת4
ò
ƴʵй飬Լʵ֮ƴǸϷˣˣҲǴпܴڵġ
ϼҼЩ
ƴǵЦŵĿϼҼϼҼڴ֮£ؿ˵ϵĹƳѾ⿪ˡ
˻
ԣϼҼɵõһĿ𺳵ĿһԺǳЦվŵֻ
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˵ʺϵĹƳѾ⿪ˣ
ϼҼɴ˫Ŀ𺳵ĿֻϢϼҼ˵һĳ⿪ˡ
ֻȻǽ⿪˹Ƴˣ
ԭһֱΪֻŹƳģԽŽҩвƴǣǲֻϵĹƳͱ⿪ˣԼĵƶƴ˵ҲЦˣ
Ȼˡ
ƴΪʲôҪһֱԼװֻϵĹƳ滹δ⿪ģԼֳĻֵֹӦˣ
ֻΪ˿ԼЦ
ΪץԼ
δҲ̫˰ɣ
ͬʱϼҼиΪ𾪵ǣֻô⿪ڵĹƳģ˭⿪Ƴģʲôʱ⿪Ƴģ
ѵҽǰĳ뻯ĵز
ĹƳҲԸ
⻹ǵһϼҼ˽⿪˹Ƴ档
ϾҲ˲̵ʱˡ
ȻôĹƳϼҼȴǶżĿ϶ģ˲ˣȴûӵùΨֻϳ⣬ǲֻҽƴҪƭԼԹ˵ԼϵĹƳѾ⿪ˣ
ϼҼźܴĲš
ƴǺֻҲš
ֻϼҼȵĿ»ǰǳЦĿϼҼӦǼʶǸ˶¹ƵʱӰɣô˹Ƴ棬ûõģ𣿡
ֻ£ϼҼͻȻһ£𾪱ж˼֡
ѽҪֻйƵĻôܻ㵭ȻĳԼǰͱƳĥȥ˰ɣ
ԼΪ̫˳˳Ȼһʱǹ۲ֻķӦˣֻΪʲôôõˣ
ǱĺͿˣ
ϼҼں޲ѣǣǸֻƴǵĿȴޱȵĳ
ֻ⿪Ƴ棬ôǸϢأ
ʺ˼ǡϼҼŶֻĳƺ˸ı䣬Ŀ⾼ĿֻڴŵĵֻҪ˵Ļ
ҪֻϴӦԼ⿪ϵĹƳĻԼǽϢ˵Ҳ޲ɡ
ϼҼֱ̫ƳƵĸоˡ
ˣֲѪҲɽ֣ȥȴҪ˵Ѫ˵ȥʲôЦ飿
ϼҼ˵һصĴ
ϼҼϰڸߴĹϵһֱϼҼ£ѾϰôԼıϢԼ׳Ƴģˡ
һת䣬ͱϼҼҪϢܻȥҲǽϼҼȻܲ˵ģϼҼ뽫ʬˡ
ƴǺֻջ֮£ϼҼվеľ˵ء
ĿֻƴǵҲǱƶ֣ãֻҪǴӦҽ⿪ϵĹƳ棬ұһ֪࣬æȥԸ磡
ֻ֣ƴͷһԭıѽ֮ǰһֱƺ
֡
塭
ƴ֮üĲɵššʵڲƴǶɣָ⣬ݹĹУ˲࣬ƴҵһ壬ڳͳ֮֮һġ
ѩ
Ҫ
ҰҲ𽥶¶ˣ
һֱǰʼնͳҿȵĴԼĳú͵ؽû춯ȻĹУ׵ĺǷ˹ϵأ
вҪȥҪȥǷǵУǻᱻʵȵȥȥ
ﾺʵ档
򣬾ֻܳΪ˵̤ʯ
󻷾֮£˱ôΣҲǶûа취飡
ʵ߼Ҳ⿪ѪƣΪҲӴҵı¼ģֻҪǸһһ˵ĻôǶ֮󣬶Ȼǻ⿪ϵѪƵģֻ˵֣أҲǿűµġ
Ҫھ˵⿪ϼҼϵѪƵĻϼҼȻ˵֪ҪϼҼһæĻôϼҼһİæԼ
ҲƴǺֻҪĳ档
Ѿ˵һ˾ҪôǿϼҼеѡˣģʲôľҺƴǶȻԼģֻǡһҪˡ
ֻЦЦһԵƴֻĿԼţȻҲǻֻķԸķݶò˵ֻֻǣõĺܺá

1457 ˮת5

1457 ˮת5
ˮתɽתˮת
֮ǰϼҼý⿪ƳĽҩвƴǺֻϵ¾ôϼҼûвɹǱƴǺֻСԴҡ
תƴý⿪ڹƳĽҩвϼҼˡ
ֻأûĹ˭
ϼҼҲֻ˼ǽݺƴǺֻôΣֻҽƴǵУǲΪϼҼ飬ϼҼݺϼҼ¹ƵѪȴǲòġ
ϼҼһң
ϼҼѡƴǺֻĻԸ⽫Ϣ֪ƴǺֻ˵˲ŻİԼԼ⿪ϵѪơ
һ˵ʧˣ֮ǰϼҼҲʱԲģҪñڣԼʲôʱɥȪ֪ÿʱÿ̶ĵš
ô룬ϼҼ˵һϢ
Ƭ֮䣬ϼҼѾѡ
ʵ˵ǸϼҼѡĿռ䣬ϼҼû·ƴǺֻĻǴͳһսһͬȥԸ֮⣬ϼҼûеڶ·ߡ
ϼҼε̾һĿ֣ؿƴǺֻһڴӦãȻϺͻʺ㿶ϷҲûʲôùǵģλҪ֪ϢϷһһʵ֪ˣ
ϼҼĻ˵ƯƴǺֻҲϼҼαȻЦſϼҼ뷨ҺͻǸˣôҪ˵ϸˣǸǺκͬıƣйƵģģ˵ʲôЩҺͻԲǺ㣬ǻл̹档
ΪܿЩϼҼԵʱû뵽ڵģǽ޾ϸ˵֮󣬴ҶڳúõķһԷЩ鵱еĶߣҲܴЩ֣ҵİ취
ԣϼҼ˵ͷȥĿƴǺֻ˾һһܻг·
ˣȻѡƴǺֻҲûʲôùǵġ
˲ţ˲ɡ
ϼҼ񲻽ЩԶǿʼ˵ʱĳ
֪ʺɷһ˵֣𡭡ֻӵע֮£ϼҼ˵֡
ʵΣӦѾǱ˴ղˣֻôһֱûбᵽˡ
Ϸķ˲ڵϼҷˣǻʺĸ𡣡ȻϼҼûȷϹֻĹϵϼҼҲɵǿֻòֻ̬ȣѾ֪࣬ҲԲµð˾Ųʮģ˾ĸŮϵ
ǣȴڴ֮յһ죬ĸףҲӻˣӳ֮ȥѰˡʱ꣬ϼҼٴʱɸЩ
ʱϷŵѰңҪĸ׸ץڵľл񣬿ϧĸߵٶȺܿ죬صĹҲϷѰĹУҲûҵĸڣϷ֮£Ҫŵʱ򣬱˵ʱǵ硣
ϼҼĿⲻɵһǴǰеģôвһ͵ģ
ദʱϷҲ˵˵Լǰ飡
ϼҼһ٣ƺ˼š
һԵֻĿ࣬ҲúϼҼˣĵǣйһС
ƴüĽԶϼҼģйһУǽĵȴϼҼס
ʱʱҵ׷ɱΪ㲻䣬Һĸ»»մѹĸףȥ㽫Ǹ»ɱˣȻĸײಡûþ͸Ųˡ
ûĸ׵ıӻҵҲԽѹŴѹĸ׼ǺɱԼ»Ҫɱ»
类𣬺ң׷ɱúʱҾΪƹʹ
ϼҼҰģƵı£˵໥Եˣ
һļϣû̫ķϻ
ұӦҪҵ׷ɱҽУܵƹ
տʼʱȷҲҪṩҩĺƹƳҪĵӣҵĹƳ˻ڣһϼҵҲ˹ơ

1458 Ĺȥ

1458 Ĺȥ
ϼҼԽԽҲǸű˺ࣺܶǺĹԽߣҲԽԽʹ
ÿȥҪĹƳʱǻԼδƳɹǽЩȱĹƳ潻ԼҲʲôá
ұ罥нԶ
ʵ鲻ϼҼСѣϼҼȣҲΪƹƳӦҪϼҼ£ΪϼҼṩҩĵı
Ǻȴ˽ģҪٽƳ潻ϼҼȴҪϼҼæѰҩҩĵġϼҼ˼ԸȥѰңֱӶԼ¹ƣ
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ֲҪϾɱ
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ɺ޵ûܿϲΪԼ˱
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ֻǶסҪ˵Ļ˼Ƭ̣ϼҼٶȿڣûҲ̫ƵϺ˵ֻҪʲôұȥѼʲôѣ˼ҪϵĹƳ棬ҲֵѪƣҪѰһʵѪԴֻиƳιζʵѪԵùƳӵ󣡡
˵ѪƹƳ沢ͷһεˣڴ֮ǰÿÿƹƳʱҲҪɱ˺üӣȡѪܳɹ
ֻ֮ǰƵĹƳѪûʲôҪɱ˭ȡѪУһε֮ǰһҪȻҲôɱȡѪˣ
뵽ϼҼɫҲǲɵøҵζʵѪԵ
ϼҼ˵ԼеĲ²⣬Ϊ֮ǰ˵ĺȷƵĹƳȻҲɹˣǱҪôζϼҼҪ뿪ŵʱȴһ̬ضԼ֣һԼһִûмĹƳ棬Ȼ
ȻѾõԼҪĶҹƳ淢ӵ˼£Żô
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ǸһСĽ˼ҪûаյĻǾԲ˵ŵģ
ǿɺޡ
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ȴ֪ǸĹѾﵽѪƵĳ̶ج֮⣬Сܻ飬޵ĵǡ
ĽⲻԶǧĴӣ뾳ϻصţջص˳Ϊ˽ģǱŹ齻ֻҸֻֻҪ绹δƵѪƵ̶ȣôƵĹƳ㶼취⿪
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ƽҩʱһ˵ĻôƳĽҩ㲻ǽҩǡ
ѪƣôĹѾﵽ˫ĵһҪ⿪ƴǺϵĹƳ棬翪˵ǽ⿪Ƴİ취֮⣬ûκΰ취ֵƵģ
̫أƴǺֻҲ뿴ߵһʵĲпᡣ
ǱƵѪƵĳ̶ȡ
硣
ƴǺֻϵأϼҼٶȿ˵֪Ĺڱ׷ɱʱļһйع飬˵ķһƵģ
ʵҪǱƵȻԼƹƳ棬ǲ벻ʲôҲǱڣ֮Ŵ˼ˡ
ϼҼ̹ס
˲󼺡
ƷΣҪϼҼһֱҪܿŵĻϼҼҲǻ᲻ģṩ罫ƹƳ˹ϼҼԼѧϰ
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ϼҼþһеķҪϽǱƹƳҵǱصʵʵģϼҼܲȥ罫
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ǹƳ͹ıǮ͵ˣҲύˣ
Ҫûõ飬ʧȥù˰æԼϼҼĵòʧ֮£ϼҼֻܵƹƳƷԼ

1459 ҵͻƵ

1459 ҵͻƵ
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һڱ׷ɱʱ֮񵽵顭
һϼҼմŽģ׽ҲҲйع顣
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ϼҼֻصĵͷ±ֻеɻˣѲɣҲƳĽ׸ֽܹƳ
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һˣǺεȵⲻǴ˼ҪĹѪɺ
ֻƴǵϼҼϴϼҼȷǺޱĺԼ˵ʵ֮󣬱ûټΪϼҼ
ֻƴ໥һۣͬϼҼ˵лʵ棬ƴǺͻľϼҼ˵ЩϢȥһǸƹƳģлᣬҲȻǻҵǱйڹƳص飬Ȼ󡭡ٵ
һĳѾˣȻϣ䵽˵Уڶ磬Ǿ͵һԲ۵ˣ
ƴǺֻҪ뿪֮УʵѾϼҼĿʵˣϼҼѴҲֻ˷ʱ䣬ûʲôʵϵöѣȷʵҪʼֶĵˡ
ãǾͻϺͻʺˡϼҼֻǵ˵ͷͻȻӦʵҪʵϢˣ
Լأ
Ҳû˵Լ⿪ϵĹƳ棬ſԼĴ㶼ûС
Ҫǡ
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ϼҼɵýĳֻƴǵıӰĺԾϣʺǵȽϷѽϷѽ
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ϣϣ
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Ķֻֻ׵ǣһ˹Ƴ棬Ǳ൱һϣѪֻǻϼҼϲܰˡ
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ֻƴŵԣûԽϼҼնɱϼҼӦ͵ȥˣ
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֪֪˲ܰս֮ǰǸ˵ãȻڵֻƴǵҪ˺ܶģǵҪȥ飬ҲмѭģͷԵͷӬһײֻܵǸ֣ȫڱ
ڡ
ֻҪúˣǾͿԻΪ
ǲֻո£㿴ƴƶسԼҡҡͷҲǷļᶨ
ǲֻȥ飬ҪԹȥ
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Թȥ
ֻЩ𺳵ĿƴǣƴΪʲôҪô
³ͬһ㣬Σյʱ̣ۼŽѾƺȥն·ˣǸ粻֪ʲôʱˣŹƳʱԼҪǺƴǲڳĻ»ֺܴӰɣ
ʱҲǳİա
ǱϾ޸֮ԱȺʱ򣬷ûеֿ
ƴǣʱˣİô죿
𣿡ֻüĽƴǵϣȻֻ뿴ƴ˵ֻ˵˵ƴϵıȴôء
ҡ
ƴҲǸʱ˵ˣôʱȻ㿪Ц
ô
ƴǺ«ʲôҩ
ƴֻ֪еĵģͬĵĽţģܵʲôʱҶóİΣеġ

1460 Ψһ

1460 Ψһ
ȻƴаҪűƳһսôȻ׼˼ġ
壬ĳΪĿĲֶΡ
˵û˿ŵ㣬ǡǡΪҲ̬ȣĿĺȷñ˲²ͼ֮ǰ֮ԷôƳɱŵĵӣֻΪҪѰҺʵѪԵˣϼҼ˵ģѾҵ˺ʵѪƵѪԵˣҲ㲻˴ģطųϿȥɱջŵĵˣ
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ƴֻͣȻĵ˵ͷԭˣ֮ǰĿխˣ
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ҲǵֻʺЩȨıʺְ׵԰Ȼͬڴǰ㣡
ֻ֪ʺ֮λȻ޾ģԼҪʲôʲôϲʲôȥõʲôǴڻʺ֮λ˵Ŀ֮£ţʧȥԼҡ
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ֻΪֻͨͨļˣ˲ĴǿҲǿԹƵģƴ֣صĻصı飬ֻʶľûô򵥡
ҡʲôǱѰĺ𣿡ֻɵƴǣȴƴǵĽ͡
ƴĵ˵ͷں֮ܶǰǴգĹƽɫľ棬֮ǰҲΨһĻ壬ػ壡
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ػ壿
Ϊʲôôţƺأ
ػ巢ңŷѳĹǴػʳȨƱ߸ˣҵɺܺõػϣϵĵλǲСģ
ңս˲ٵˣʣµĻҲûжˣѩľڵģѩ֮⣬û˸ˣ
ѩѩֻȴǲɵ𺳣ֻΪǸͨ˼ң˲һ壬ҶǰȻݹصģǻ塭ôǲұʲôأ
ԣƴ˼Ǵȥѩܾúò̽һҾʲôè𡣡
˵ֻѾƴǵ˼ˡ
ҾȻǿȻǲСģֻǲµ˿²鲻ʲôǻݾߣȷҪƴȥģǼҲ
ֻٶҪȻǲǧȥ̸һΣ
ֻŹǣ̲סȰ˵ǧǴС͸ƴߵģ书ǿԸͰҲǺƴźܴ֮ͬҪǲͨİȥܻὫŪңǲǧȥĻ㲻ܳɫҲǾԲὫøģڿǺʵѡ
ƴֻ飬ͻȻǹһĨ΢ЦɫȻĿֻ㻹֪һɣڲʺ
ƴͻȻ˵ôһ£ֻҲǶ˼ζֻԭأһʱ֮ûзӦƴǻ˼Ǽʳڡ
ôˣ
˻ˣΪʲôڲʺ
ǿԼ÷Ҫʲô⣬ϸǻܲסİɣ
Σʱֻ̣ڱŪЩľԱˣһ˭˵ʲôĻǻʶΪ˭飬Σգ
ƴǳżŵֻɵЦЦŪֻȥˣһԼϱŪż˿ɾͲˡ
ˣҲΣգģǺ¡
ϸˡֻɻע֮£ƴǻڣǳ磬żĽ

1461 ʹĿŤ

1461 ʹĿŤ
˵ΪҸĿ¾˰ɣ
һֵһѣһͬǧͲ˵ˣϹһڸ黹ûи䡣
ƴǺֻҲһ·ϵĹƳ滹ûг׵Ľ⿪ҹҹ԰ޡ
Ψ¡
СҲ֪ǰʲôˣȻô˳ϲϸ꣬ϸҲϲûʲôӵıףֻƴŵսľġСӵãȻʱϲĸԼϸˣ
˵ƴĹˣʼЩ˰
͸Ҫ˵ǧˣ
ǧȫÿɵЦŵģ
ʡʹˡĿŤ
ֻ΢΢ҲԵһĨϸ˵΢Ц
ˣôˣ
ʱϸӦˡ
˵ҲЩΣƴǳôȴٳٶûӣϸҸոճױ»˺ӣϸ˵ĸ黹ǺǰһҸֻʵο
ƴȻ¸ˣü֮įȴڸǲסģҲϣиӣֻһʱ֮ζӣòζˡ
ӵƴǣҪοƴǣȴ־ʱԣҪºϸ־òʱˡ
ƴûо棬ٶȿ˵ϼҼĻ˵ô˺飬ĸףֽϾɱѪƵǿôĵ԰æʹ͵䣬˵ʲôȻңЩݺԼ˱ѩ޵ģ
ƴǱһ˫īĿģԣõ֮󣬳İջ᲻ˮȵУ
֮󲢲ֱӵﳯǻתȥѩƴǵͳɳƵƶ
Ͼ˵ɱĸ֮ͺ֮ޣҪԶȳȨøҪϾҵǵѪģƴֻԶԹ޳֮ǣҪᳯĻλȻû̫ĺޡ
ԣƴûʲôôģֱǰѩȥҲ̽һµʲô˵ЩֱұԵõ˽ᣬҪڳ̶ֳȡ
ϼҼѾǿסֺǴЭ飬ڳЩϼҵĵҲһɽة°ةࡣ
ϸĸøرܲôʹʱҪúõʹʹģȻôܳƵֵܣ
ֻ˵һֻ֮Ҳͬĵ˵ͷãȻˣôǱʰһǰȥѩɣҾֱӽˣҲȥ˺ܶ鷳ˣ
ң絽ҵˣԸֻб³ֵĻ˵ҲǼˣ
ƴǺֻһ飬㿪ʼ׼ȥѩ
˵ͬĹ֮һֻȴֻͳȴδȥңҲһʶĻˡ
˵ȥ˳ĽףҽϼҼ˵ĻͬĽһֲתһ顣
ԣĽϵıҲǸŷû뵽ǽǸƵѪƵĳ̶ȣ
ϧ
ΪһҽߣʶȷӦǲ˶ģǱԳĽ׵ĸпֻǿġ
롭ƴǺֻֻҪ֪ĽһóĽСĽ˳ٺоһѪƣ룬Ľȴֻƴһʾ
ƴǣҪҪȥѩĻ²̫
Ĵػ壬Ȼ˹ȴɲǺܺǣҵ߰ûȴҲмںΪ飬ƴػѾ˹ûȨƣʵĹľ綼ڴػС
ǶȨʧȨƲܳΪ˳ĻʵۣȴƿĹõĵ֮ʣҪֱȥǵĻǻ֡
ϼҼ˵飬Ӧ֪Ҳʳأ
縸ȴƵ˲ҵĳ̶ȣҲǸʲôˣЩ˶Թɵĸɱ磬ԿǵĮ֮ˣĽ׺Ǹп
һͯ̫Ҫˡ
ҪңҲڻŤı̬
ҪǿԺúõĺͼȥ˭ͥҸ˭˫մѪ
Ա˳˲ǣ
ĽεҡҡͷƴǺֻųĽ׵ȴ˺ܴı仯ֻ𾪵ǰ򡭡ô⻰˼˽أ
Ľҽһֱ뾳ģԶѩ

1462 һ

1462 һ
Ľס
ѩҡ
ȫϱߵˣΪʲôԱ˴˽أ
ƴǺֻɻųĽס
Ľǲŵ̾˿˵ҲһԵʻ飬һλزѩµҽ޷ΣҲ֪ӺζҸ׵Ѱ뾳
ҵĸǸҵĴ￴βģԶҵӦҲ˽ˡ
Ѱ뾳
Ľ㿪֮ƴǺֻȴ˳˼뾳Щ׽ˣҪû湬ǰ·ĻҲҪѺܴһҵϾڵĵطأֺҵ
Ϊ֪뾳湬˺ͳĽףƴǲŻὫ۹뾳ϣȻ˳ȥѰҡ
ҵˣȲ֪뾳ʲôûǰ·ȴҵ뾳ϣҵĽ׵ĸҵĴ￴ɴ˿ɼҾʵγ̶ȲŻǿ󣬿˵ΪƸΪҲΪɣ
ֲóĽ׵ıôأһ˵ţпŵûˣʵǿƵˡ
ֻؿƴǣ黹ûô򵥡
ΪϼҼĿʵĹؼܺܿҵİ취ֻҪƴȥһѩԼҵһ̽ͿˣǰȴǵģֻǸѵվϰҪȥ
ƴǺֻϵĵģĽ׷ЦЦǵõҵˣҵȻǿƣһЩýĵǽġ
˾޷Ҫ֡
Ľ׻ĳƴǺֻ͵ҵҸҵλ֮󣬱ҳҳټҵ֣ҲŵҳټʲôҪ飬ҪǰæĻҲ᲻İǣǻ˵顣
³ĽױԼ⿪һö壬͵ֻƴǵǰǽöڰݷõʱ͵ҵ˵ǰǿ֮ͻǴ򿪷֮ţһвԸ˵Ҳ̫Ϊѣ
ĽȻֻĽԼôƴǺֻȴöĺڡ
һ壬ǰǿƵĵλ֮£һ
õĺˣ˵Ⱳӵˡ
񡭡
ĽȴĿĽ˳ֻƴǵǰ
ֻųĽеö壬кǾϲ˸⣬öʱֻȥȴЩɵģҲԥҪҪӹ
Ȼǿ󣬶֮ǰǷ³ټһ飬öŵĻټʲôҪҶȥɣһơ
ǳĽ׽彻ԼƴǵĻԼװ״ôõĻ
ƺֻĹǣĽȴǲɷ˵ĽֻУЩϵسҲ˵Ǳ׽ˣôһܵܺ͵ãǵĵĽ򣬱ʲôöһҲأƵĹƳȺĲֻƴǺͻˣֱĹƳϹϵµİգ
ΪһⱲӶȨƺͲƸûʲô˼뷨ҲӲȤ˶ԵǿƵҿһܺõĻᣬǶ˵ȴǲֵһģ
˼Լҽȥȸˣ⿪֢ܽãҵ⿪ƳİغҶҲһֵҸ˵飬ҶҲ룬Ǳ㲻þò˼ˣ
οҺһֱ뾳㵱ʲôΪѵĵطҲڻΪһ壬Ƿǵһ;޴룬ΪҲûκ֮أĽײɷ˵ĽֻУ̲סȰ˵
ŰɣǾĻǱߺúõ飬ȡսˣҲǶԵöˡԣĽƶƴǵû̫ѣͳɳƵڵл򡣡
ֻƴҲǵͷˣҲжĽ֣صĳųĽ׹˹ƴǵĻ˵л򣡡
ƴϵزģʯһ˫ĿЩԶĿųĽףоǳЩˣҲҪнæչˣǡϼҼ
ǡ
ϼҼ
ƴ˶٣ڵһ˫Ŀ˸⣬ǱָϼҼĸ֡
Ǻ˲ٵ˼ף
ϼҼѪƵģܽϼҼúõоһĻҲҩҲóĽ׶Ѫ˽⣬ԷδȻ

1463 תȥѩ

1463 תȥѩ
ƴǵĻĽǺǾϲҲд⣬ȥһϼҼϵѪˣ˱á
У㽻ңͻ԰ĵȥѩȥҰݷˣϼҼЩǣһᾡǿסϵѪƣǱƳʹڶʱһЩ顣
ܵƴǵУĽ׼ûκ˼ǵıֱһڴӦƴǵ
պҲôûᡣ
ǰֻƴǵϲ̽˹Ƴ棬ȴܲܽԼĵܵߣʲô鶼ֻǸһоƳ棬ڿɵˡ
ϼҼôйƵĳϺ͵ǣĽ׵ǿԽ֣㵱ùƳһЩҲõˣ
ղЦЦ
ǴʱԶڳеϼҼȴǱɫϡ
һ˫ӵĿ޲
ôģ
ϷϹˣ
Ҳ֪ô£
Ϸôôùأ
ǱǸС˵ƭˣǱƴСӸŪȥˣôġǶ۸ϷǰɣϼҼֻһŵĻ𣬺޲ôӵѳȻúõķйһ¡
ⶼʲôʲôĵ飡
Ƿˣ
ҹɫŨֻƴǸ˳ĺ֮ͣЪûбֱǧ;ʰĶһ˳ҹɫȻĴӳĻʹٶ뱼С
ֻ֮ǰȥŵʱҪӵ̬ȷٶҲǺܿ졣
û˲˻ʹеĻϺйʺѾڻʹ֮ڣͬһ㣬ûʲô̫ı仯ֻǡóд󳼺ͰɻǣǸ²ֻǸոڳ֮иЩ˸֮󡭡
㡭
ˡˣ
С˵ĴžϼҼôɣ

ʧĺãʧĿ̫ˡ
𽫾ڳҲеλˣͱôϼҼɱڳµЩ˵ǲС𺳣Ҳǵ˲ٵˡ
ϴȻǰȭͷǿӲҼȥˣʵϣҵȴǽϼҼ޶ˣͲϼҼͷԶҪڳõиá
񡭡
ƺ춼֪ǵĿǰͲüϼҼأ
ջ⡣
һ·ųѸٵĳԭ·۷
ֻĵĺһ˱ž룬ڲֵǰ£ܵķſԼĽŲڸһʱ֮ȴǴɻġ
ǰߵ򲢷ǻس·ʵͲҲ쳣Ҫȥģ
ʵĿ棬һɵӴųʱҪŭȥϼҼ𣬽ϼҼġ
һ˴ų֮ȴȥǸĵУȥķ򡭡
Ҫȥʲôط
ǹ⻹⣿
Ƴյ֮ƣǱ˲Ǹ󣬻ǱҪ飬ȥȼҼҲӺˡ
ֵɻʱϮ˵ͷ
ͻȻ㲻ƣǽв˶ͷԡ
һԵǱأüĽſڣ򡭡ǰȥĵطӦѩɣ
ĹҷλҲǺܺû֡
λڱ
ڶѩϡ
תԼһǰȥķ򣬶µס
Ҫһֱô߹ȥ֮ﵽѩľڡ
磬Ҫȥѩѽ
ϵı˼֣ʵͲǾѩ磬Ҫȥѩʲô
ѵҪѩĹЭ飬ȻһͬԳ𣿡
ȻûʵͲǰ㾪ȣҲϵı鲻̫ɡ
ĹȻʱûдģսҷǲҵľûҰĲѩĹֻѷɫڳѩĹһҰģദģҪҪʱѩĹ֣һͬԸĻ齫ø
ƴභ˲𣬾˶һĳ̶ȣٴŵĵӺγİͽȵȣǣѩĻѩĲ͡
ôѩͳսˣһҲŲκϽ
ʱ´ˣ
ò׵Ҳǿ԰ҵˣҪ´˽᲻¶Ѫɺӵġ
ºϾñط֣־ñغϣǴҲĹôҵʱҪ̲ҵ˼
ò˵վεڵȷĺûᡣ
Ҫ統˶񶾵ĻôȥҲҪھͺ˸˶ˡ

1464 ǱѰ

1464 ǱѰ
ͷֻһ˲䣬㱻ѹǰȥѩҪѩֵĵ飡
ǵĻ˴ȻȥѩѩԲߺͿˣǴôŵĵӣ˵ʦڡ
֪ģ֪ȥѩĹҪѩĹǲ֪ĻΪôŵĵҪȥѩĹһϸأҪȥʾأ
ôͻȻѩľأƱǻһСĶҵġ
һѩΪҪռѩĻôѩĹ»ȷˣ͵ĻᣬֱӳŵĵӶˣʱ򷴵ǲܺǽŪú⣬һʰ
ûôɵҲܻὫԼ־֮أ
໥һۣϵıܿعԿȥѩҪѩһӦҪ˰ɡ
ȵĿڣϵõ˿϶Ļش𣺡ȷֻǲ֪ѩھ˭ֵ֣أ׿ϼҼֱӱ㳯ѩ˹ȥ
ľãҪ֪ĴĻǵһתˣȼ󣬲Ҫ̫嶯ҿظҪʲôȷ֮׼ʱŻ
Ƭ˼֮䣬Ѿõ˰취;
ңһϣ漸ǺԢﲻıϵģǵģܾҪܽڶԸʱźܴİ
ٵĿ˸ѵõģ֮ǰϼҵʱǰĹﵱ棬볾ʱ򣬹Ϻ͸ǲֵġ
ȻûгȥŵŮһ
ҡ
žţλεӳϣƺű;϶һɫһʱ֮俴űˡ
ͬòɣҪֻġ
ֳָ࣬òϵĲϵʡ
ֻȻǱϾΪʲǺܶ࣬Ը˵ĸоഺɽѩǰ߹ţִֺּ֡
˵ֻͣ³ʣѾǺˡ
ϵǲ˺ܶࡣ
òδΪµŶ̬϶˼ֳζУܿҲ嵭ˮƶʲô鶼Ǻ⣬ʵȷʵģ㵭Ȼֲʧֳֵȣǽһ֡Ϥĸо
ԡ
Ϥĸоûˡ
ΪֻòĪոտĵһ۵ʱֻʶĽ￴ֻǸֻܲɷֵĹϵˣڡ
澪ָ֮˵Ȼ֮󣬱ǲԡ
ǾϤԲΪֻǾıĪϤ
˴ǰļ
ֻߺǺ׽ĹϵֻΪ̫õʱ䲻΢΢Щİ
ڿһ˫峺ʱе뷨Խǿˣֻǿ￴ԼʱȴûͬĸоǰɫȻǰĵȻˮеĻ˶ҡ
ԼȷԼָоģֻһִ
ǵԼϴ˰ɣĬĬţٶɻҲֱӿѯһûʲô˲ˡ
ǣ׼õ˵ǵ˴ߣɵȴǳٳٵĶ˵ҪԼͬĸоĻƱǻѯԼģԼͬĸоûڣΪ뿪ڣʲô֮
վɻĻȥûм׷ʡ
ˡ
ǲˡ
һһſɡ
ǼЩǵĻûʳһҲȻĴͷǷѸٵıռ档
濴ҲǶ˼ζ
һλþɽ£ƽˮȴǶ书ƣ֪ƳĽҩĹĵƿϤ
תȥѩʱ涼ûڵһʱ뵽ȥȴǱָ˳
ĸоȷ񣬶ĥһǡ
ﲻ򵥣
һʲôܵģСΪɵǣ﾿Ǳʲô̬ܼ޸ϼҼˣ

1465 ҲҪѣ1

1465 ҲҪѣ1
Ҫǿһòȴûжٵǻۺ޸ϼҼҲ޸ϼҼˡ
ǣǣ
ǳ侲Լı£Ǹ̳˵һٮٮҲǲΪģȽ֮£ǸϼҼԵúܵˣбµŮӦĸŶԣλԸϼҼնıСˣ
ħϲϼҼȻǱͼˣ
ջ֮ڡ
ЩǷϵ»Լķ䣬üͷ£һ˫ڵ˫Ŀ˸ǲ֣
Ȼ
ȻЩе˽ܵĶûǸйѪƼص顣
ҲǾǱ̫ҪԲطŵġ
ЩڣѾܾöû׽ˡ
֮ǰ׽ʱҲֻһ˼Ҫź磬Ǳ˼ҲûгźʱѰһĹϵЩ䵭Ѿܾöûͬ˯һ䷿ˡ
ʱҪðȻǰȥǰҪ´һɻľͲˡ
Ӧôܲźۼؿ磬ȴֲ緢أ
ڷвͣⲽǳغĺĺһ£ҪҪȥӦţںĵȴûڵӳĻʹŵʱǷݵȻ͸ˡ
߶Լˣһһˡ
ֻʣԼߡ
ǳĹŮҪʹṩķԼļ˵ģƴȥҲ⣬űǡ
ȻʹѾҪˣôΪŮںδأ
ȻҲǿԳԴϾﻹôڵԼ
þûѶƼΪԼʧøӾȰɡ
ܹ飬ӦҸ뿪˾ñë𣬹Ѫȵš

Ȼ֮ǰĺһֱչԼӦ飬ܼķΧ֮ڣʲô飬ĶûκεԹԵģǹūԡ
Լһűĵ֮󣬺Ǹм
м˵ĿԼ
Ȼڡ
ѾǴǰϹˡ
ǰϹȷҲĻġ
ȴһģͨΪԼٳơ
һ㣬ںĵˣϾҪڹȥĻûеĻͳǸǶȻȥģ綼ᱻ˺ҪҲǲ֡
ڵȴǴӹɢݶ
ǱȽȽϿ˾֣ôǽͷ絹ĹŮУݸ߲ȵͣᱳӣǱ䵽˭޹Уǻᰲֵַƽר̷ӡ
ңûͻƺĵĵߵĻôʲôĶ׵ıѻһ˺޷ܵĵߵʱ򣬺ĶƿҲǻԥ
ƴǵϹƴǲδ㻹и֮ݣԼɷģȴҪȥ޸ˣһ㡭ζܲ˵ġ
ӦǸҸʱûؼˡ
ȥ׾Ŀ⣬Żصĵؽ֮󣬺ıڱԼ뷨
кηԸĻ˷֮ڳ˹壬üۼȴҲûնˣûע⵽ĵ쳣ֻǵĳźİ˰֣мҪҪȥæ˵ҪҪ
ŵ˾ֻкһˣĻδüܾĻ㿴ɶε֮¡
֪ܻЩΪ㣬ҪΪһϾĻԼͿˣ
վûнܾĻ˵ص˵ͷ̫ˣʲôԸֱ˵ūһ߾ȫȥá
ϱҪ·ˣʱһûЩֽŹһҪҼϸЯĶûһ飬ҪеĻǲʲô飬㶼ҽ͵ͺˡ
ûϸĶԺĽǱ龿Ǽʲôģֻʵĸ˺һ
ֻҪϿһ飬ϿκֽţԼضģ㶼ùҹĿüĽһûʱ䡣
ĻĵЩԥǳɣôҲǶ֪ݣ֪յĶǶŶòȴˣڵֶζĳ̶ȡ
ûõȥ
ҪóȻĶֵĻ֪ԼûȥҪ飬ֻͨ΢СŮóȻսȨ

1466 ҲҪѣ2

1466 ҲҪѣ2
ƺ֪еĹһ㣬ڽ͵һȥɢע⣬㵱ʲôҲֱӺ̸УǣϣẦ
һСҪάƣҲҿĵӺΣҲΪֻ֮ǡ
ֻһΣģ˺òã
ûп֮ˣ
ľˣˣûʲôǱ˺ĳ̶ȣҪǻūŵĻ;ԲˣǺȴ˵һĵΪֵء
֣صͬԼ󣬺վ̲ס̾˿ܾĻҲ˵ڣֻܿǿģɵĵ˵ͷ
ðɣл¡
ʵū̫Ϊ֮ū񲻸Һֱӣĵطֻһ
ĿϴӦԼҪϲɵɫһϲæĽĴӵ֪ģ֪ܲĿҶ׵ģ
ҺģԺҲǳϹˣҲùƺң»ΪСɣǷҲԡɵϲⱲӣõ˲࣬⿴Ҳ࣬Ǻȴһģ
ģֻҪ罫֮ΪĻϣҶȻҪչļˣĸ˫׻װ׸ңװ׵ĳôĿ࣬ô
ĪĺЩжȻĿ
ļ˶ź˸ôȥչˣ
ǲ˵ҪԼں˵Ҫ³֮뿪飬ҲǻͷӦģ
ĵϣ
ϾҲһϽǾϽã򡭡͵͵ǺĴǰһֱм飬ҲŪĿɳĳ̶ȣ
û뵽ĸո΢΢һĨЦݣЦݻδ׵ţ˴ߵĻҲûü˵ڣֱӱĻ˻ȥ
ֻҪһֱҵ߰ңһչ˺ļ˵ģԺҲҵļˣãҲǴСȱģҪ⺣ĺļһڵĻ˵ůࡣ
ȻֻԼ뷨ȴûп۽˸ŵĿ⣬ûпźĴ
ϵʱǱ㿪ʼжƶĿڡ
Ĺĵͷǣū澽̻塣
Ĳ²ȻûдǰԶŵЩ˵ȷתȥѩķ򡣡
ǼٶȥǱ̤ѩĵؽ磬ҪȥҪūһصȥϺͻʺﱨţ
ʵվǰ㱨ԼϢԣϵıأ˼Ƭ֮󻺻ڻشڳҲˮ֮УҪǲȥѩĿʲôҪóȻȥƴǵĻƴܵӰҪҡ𣿡
ҡҡͷްȽ󣬿ǵҪʲôȷǵĿĺͶʱƴǻ㱨Ҳ١
ƴǵ书ͽҪǴӳȥѩֻҪһĹ򣬿ӱ޾Ϳˡ
ûоƴǵ£һ¾ʲô¾
ǣūˣū澼ȥ١
˰֣ȴſڣأ
ԼķУūûмŵʱҲԸҪо⿪ƳĽҩʵʵĻشš
˼ĵ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ʱ򣬷еء
󣬴ųһ·϶ڱУȴǴδֹͣƽ⿪ƳĽҩ䷽
пѪƵԣӹɵġ
ֻǾöٷܲܽ⿪Ѫȴδ֪ġ
ҺڱҼͱڤõһѪƣʱÿ飬ǵõҲ޴֡
·һ߸·˵ҲҪա
ôõʱ䣬ʲôֻǰװ׵˷ڸ·̫ϧˡ
ϾйƵô࣬ǱסˣһƳҩĻҲһЩѪȺ»ָɣ⿪ϵѪƣظķԸΪƵĿܡ
УѾʼЩǲҲѪˣ
ԸоЩı仯ûĽֹǹǴָĹƳļ棬Ϊ˶ۣ书߳ЩͶǰ﷢ڵʱŽȻͬı仯

ǽȻͬӦǷ츲صı仯
Ҫ̥Ǻ˸һֻһֿܣǾظҲԼѪƣ

1467 Щ߻ħ1

1467 Щ߻ħ1
ΪֻѪƲſڶʱ֮Լ书
Ļ磬տʼŵʱֻһ޸֮үˣϵ书ĻὫϼҼƭǰˮ©һǻᱻֵġ
ûУȻ˵һУ˵书֮ϼҼİ¸ṩҩģƺѪ֮ŽߵģһѪŵĺ㲻ֻǲٿرˣǿԼ书Ĺڣ
ɵüĽ
ƳǧãһֹƿԳΪƶܹ鲻˵ôö
ΪԼҰĲΪ񹤣ȻаĶԼϣڵѾĺģӦ˵ǡ
ɥĲǣ
ΪѪƣΪ书ȻԼҲŹԼƣӦѾǵ˺εȷĳ̶ȣ
ֻҪܴﵽ룬Ǳ㲻κ˶֣ԼҲ˿ûĵطܡԼˣҪݣ
ϵͻȻ˳ƵҲ˲ñ
еݿٵĥҩһһ·óһһĳǲƿװŵĹƳ濿
ɫŨ
޴ҹĻһŨģһĻȻ˹ȥȻǹⶼûС
һѾٶ̣ѩұȥ
ƴǵƲⶼûдԼŻصһȥѩˣô꣬ϥô꣬ʹô꣬ϧԼѪƣŹƳĥ˲ˣ
Ϊģгһܹ»صңݺԼĸ׵Щĵ˸նɱĸȪ֪Ҳοġ
УҵЩ˱𣬱ȶźͳȨƣҪ˵Ÿջ
޲ôʱ˿̷ɵѩɵҡ
ǿɶĸףĵܵǸ𾪻̿ȴ޿κε
һʹɣ
ƴͻŶεʱȴͻȻؿһʹ֪ΪʲôȻЩڵҲһ˲䲻ܿ
ãȻؿԼؿȻѪƣɢѪɫ޵ɫ
Ѫûκ쳣
ԼķʽҲûдΪʲôۼԼҪŶαԵʱȴÿζ޷ɹؿŶΣһԼȻЩҪ߻ħףϵķӦĪĻ̿𾪡
ô£ǳʲô쳣𣿡ֹס˵֮ڵģԼʧص״̬ͣ
ɫѿ뿪ϸĽĿһ顣
ûκ쳣κһ΢ϸСĲ綼û
ϵĹƳҲûκιӦףһ׼¾㱸
ΪƫƫŶΣ
ԼЩŶٿˣ
ͻȻԺиױĸ׵ĳ棬ֻĿڴѪӿĺˮ֮˲۾
һƹһű䣡
һţһôʱƵѪƣôߵһȻ޷ͻƣǶҪԣҪ𣿡
ҾƫԸƫƫҪͻˣʱɢƣ˵Ļҧгݣ޲ý˸̻ĸо


ҪǷĻˣͲôһֱŬѪˡ
ҪǷĻһʬ壬Ŷˣ
ǲ
ԽõĶԽҪõԽҪԽҪȥ
˭У
ʲôУ
һѡ
ֻŭ֮󣬵֮ڻٶɢ߱ȫͻȻͷȴЩĺˮֻϸ΢ĺ飬˶һһ˲佫Ѹʪˡ
ܲȶµĴҲŻζ쳣
顪
顣
ۼﵽһ۷ʱȴͻȻɫʹ࣬һѪʱؿڴӿӿ˳
Ѫڵϵӣ欣ſڴϴڴڵشŴ
ԭոյ⣬ھᵽҪҪؼʱŵ磬ĬĬվһһĶǲԥʱ㴫һ
ΪʲôΪʲô
Ϊʲôʼû취̤һأ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ѵɱЩ𣿡
ѵûа취ҵĸױ𣿡

1468 Щ߻ħ2

1468 Щ߻ħ2
ֻǲһ㣡
εĸоץ
ҪǲĶҲˣͲʱҲͲʧˣɺ޵ľ̶ֳȣ˵ҪǾ̫ϧ˵ҪŬȴٳٶ̤һأϲµĸоǵθڣ
Ҳ

粻ԼϵʹŽŲڵذϣŭ𣬽ŵòᣬæ֮򿪷Ŵ˽磬ϸڵĵǡ
ûбֱܻӳȥ磬磬㾲һôˣ
ʲôˣ
硭硭˵𣿡żؿ磬ħһ㣬˵ʲôʲô޶ãʶĶܻ˺İΣ
磬Ѿûκʶ߸׼ȷ˵ǼסԼжȴҲɥʧ˿ԼΪ
ߡ
ߣ
֮䣬ɫʹ࣬ͷֻǴӴǼô֣þȫһ㣬ȥ
߰ʱ˿̣绹Щʶʱľһ㣬㵱治֪ԼҪʲôˣʱֽɱˣǿɾͲˣ
ʹ࣬ǵĿһûмŷҪȥ˲ȥϢĶīƺͶī׽˸˳
֮ǰǷֱ𱣻ԼͲģб䣬Ҳֻ»صߣϾ𲻻书ԼҪܰæġ
ī׺Ͷī֮󣬼Ҳûı嵽ķ䡣
ӣ
ӣ˺ѷεʹģī׺ͶīƲɵþ𺳣ǵǡ
ܶ໥һۣĳڵϹŵ˹ȥԼڵϵ澭ӡĹȥ
ˢˢˢ
ˢˢˢ
֮󣬹ȻƼԭڵʹµҪ˺ܶˡ
ͷʧɫҲźתī׺ͶīƲɵʵһŻָʶ繧˸񣺡ӡ
ϵĵȴڸסӣ㻹ðɣ
ôͻȻ飿
ʲô𣿡
书ǿеѪڱæѰ书ԼķȥֱӴɵĳ̶ȣһ䣡
Ѿҵȥİ취
˶ͻƵ˶ӵǰףֺαߵ˵ľء
ǵģûոһϵּķӦɲһС£ϰ̸֮֮ɫĴ£Ǳ߻ħ
ĹܣԲᵼתŰеʱ򣬲棬ǻ˵񾭣ѪС
Ҳ׳е߻ħ
߻ħ֮˻ὥɥʧԼʶƲסԼΪͶʱ˱ᾭ
һг磬ȻҲǽжīƺͶīɻ󣬾Ƿʲô顣
Żأ
类סڵ֮󣬲ԵĻعǿһվŵȴãȻĿŶīƺͶīֽˣʲô
Уô˲ȥϢʲô𣿡
߻ħʱûʶԲŻƲסԼĶΪԼʲô֪
ŬҪȥһ¸ղŵ׷ʲôκ䶼벻ʲôʱ뵽Լķ֮綼ûӡ
Լʳ֮ϲԼ쳣ҵģиոԼʧȥ֪Щϵգ˲׹ɴ˫
ʣµĻǲ˵ˣҲǲµ˾Ƿʲô飡
󡭡ظɫŸƱˣ
˵ҲԼΪŭ⣡
üĽ鲻ǺܺãǰЦŰο磺磬廹ȲҪˣȷúϢɡ
£ǰҪ硣
δܣüĽıȴڸǲĲ𾪵ġ
ȻԼ߻ħҲǺǲʹ㵵ģһ˵Ѫƣʲô书ѪƵ
Ҳ书٣ڵĹؼΪѪƣһеıϡ
ĺɣѪƣڵҲڻƲסܣѪƵ滷ҲżӰġ

1469 Щ߻ħ3

1469  Щ߻ħ3
ŶεʱǷһٶʮģһֻҪűصĹȥȫԳʽͻűˣû뵽űȻаŶ
ʱˣžŶͻƲˣ
ȻԼ߻ħ
Һá
Һñֵ磬ȻĻһʰ
絹ЩûܽҼ߽ˣʱҪߵĻͺܷ㣬Ժѯ̽һˣȻ˭ûߣֻʣһˣЩΪԶԶԼŵĵӣҲû̫ô˶ûУʵơ
лл㣬־һΡԼѹȥм
ϵĽů
ѾܾöûӺںԼˡ
Դĸ׹֮˶Ҫȥ
ϼҼǣŵЩǡ
ֻһˣеĹԼģ
һ̣ͻȻ˼ͷбϣǷֽֽУҪ㼰ʱ֣һҿԼ߻ħ˶֪ˣ
ڸмԼжԼҲ¶ůЦݣĳ翪˵̫ˣ֮䲻˵ô׵Ļġ
ܼʱķ쳣ҲǺҵģĲȥô
ǼЩ
ոǷģǸԼŻˡ
ԼϣˣҪҲ뿪ԼĻĲԼ֮ӾԴˣ
ϾǺޣҪôһ˺úõĻĺ޲ŻзйĵطҪˣ޵˶ûˣ
ӦǶôį鰡
˵ͷȻЦЦ˳Ļ˵ǣҲá
ϵƣ룬㶮߳翪ڣ磬ҲˣǱúõϢɣǾˡ
˵ʱ翴ĵطĿתתżֽ͵⣬磬Ϊ߻ħ쳣ĺʱʱҲ޷ʱǴʱֵĻպҪֱӼˣ
á
ǱϢһϰɣ
ڵ磬ֻԼһֽٺĸо֫еĵλҲǷǱѰȻ˵ʲôͷӦ
ī׺ͶīƽҲڲʺϴ磬˳ӵĸһ𣬳ڵķ򹧾Ĺ˹֣ӣҲȥˣҪʲôҪ㾡ܷԸǣ
絭Ȼĵ˵ͷԼڴϣ۵ı۾
˷ţϵЦȴʧתϵĿŶī׺Ͷīƽˣչ˾͹ˣûʲôȥǸɣ
ǣȻǸ벻ɱŵֻһǾңǸ綼Ҫ
ҪԼƣҪ飡
⡭īƺͶī׽˱˴໥һۣվǿƵв֮εĵͷ̾
Ǹˣ
īƺͶī׽뿪
Ȼ
ֻһڰˣ
ҪȥķУȷ˽ܶ˶ʧԼ֮ڵʱٶһڽȥķ䵱С

ôֻˣ
ЩԺʶظȥЩɻ󣬲ͳɳƵĿڡ
ȻЦЦǹУ磬һЩ㣬Ҫչ㡭
ҲӰ쵽ϢģǱʲôʱܼʱ֣𣿡
̽ŵ硣
ãҲҪעԼӣ̫ˡʲô˵
ʵۼˣûкƴǣֻǵ˵ͷ֮˯˹ȥ˯ø̤ʵʧȥ˸о
硭
硭
˯˵𣿡ϣлǲͣĺ磬ȷ統˯ˣκεʱ¶һĨظЦݡ
ģ
ģԹˣ֨һű򿪣ҲǸӰ˷
Ĵ˳˱һͬķзҡ
Сĵ㣬ҵϸˡ
ʲô
ĵĶͺĶѸٵڷжš
ϧ
Ǻ
ˣūʲôûҵıҲǲģǼܲסһֱڿԼȻǴӦǱҪúõõġ

1470 ǱͲһ

1470 ǱͲһ
û뵽ⷿʲô˵ǸҪ飬ʲôûкòã
ʲôûҵ𣿡
ôܣ
ôأ¶ǻǷϵڷпʼˡ
ԼǱйƹƳġ
ǲƭԼģҲûбҪƭԼ
ǣΪʲôҲأ
ĿصĿŴ˯磬վε̾˿ʾ⺣ģԼȻĴķгȥ
Ҳ͵ÿ뿪ˡ
Ȼٰˣǿǵòʧˣ
صԼķУЩܵĿźģ૲ϣ·ħһܵģԲܵģܡ
ôĶûзЯŵģҲûţظὫǸأ
벻취ˣܲ綼뿪ˣȴǼصƹ֮ڰɣδҲ̫˼ˣ統ôҲŵġ
ͣԼķⲽΪ˯ҲûôĹǣ˵ʱҲûпѹҪŵʱǲҵġ
书ָǽˣҲԽǿ
üɵ֪ҪʲôƾԼʶĸоˣҪҵĶأ
ͻȻԼС˵ô仰֮󣬱Ĭˡ
ֻǽĵ仰Ĵʱ˵ûзϣǽһ˲˳˺仰ĺ塣
ǰ
Ҫߵһи˸׳ˣͲظҲˣȴʼնûҵظ˵ǱйƹƳ飬ôܴĿԣǸոպĿ˵磬񵽵Ĳһ飬Ա̬ϵģ
϶ǵõʲôڵĹ飬һǾŵģϼ޻ģ˭ҲûпǱƹƳĶǺ̬
ҲãǻҲãֻǵƾ˵һ֮ʣ˸ûа취ȥж˵Ļ滹Ǽ٣ֻ˵ʲô˱ʲôһִ
ҲķһֱΪǸƹƳĶһ̬ںͺѾĻķңֻѰǱͲڵ飬ȻҲˣ
ͲڵĶҪҵɾǳ˹ˣ
Ļֻʲôأ
ϸոЦ˲ֳȥұ֮ǰӳƲҵϾ֮ǰڴΪʱѰҵʱиΧ
ķΧôĺʶġ
ˣǱعĶʱȴʵϣ֮Ķǿ̫ˣӦʤ˵ģһҪѰҵķΧˣ޴֣֪ʲôطֲõġ
ûϵȻȥúϢһ°ɣԼĥһ¾ʲôҪѰҵĶ˼СһпǼŹĶ˸顣
Ҳûᵽĵ
ֻ˵˵ıϾҲԼսľһˣҲʱúúϢˡ
ǡĿֻΡ
̰֣˵ܴȴֲǺܴ󣬵˵ĺСĻҲǺС
ܹǺ˲ǳġ
ϧȴǳ̰ҰĵУ޷԰Ρ
ϰԵģߵЩ˶ûģڿ˵磬Ҳûƣȥ綼Ըġ
ֻǸͨĹŮʵǰﲻˣҲЩɵС
ĵͷȻ뿪ߵʱ򻹰æŹغá
ȻڷеǳδҵǱŹƳ档
ܲʲôطأ
ԸҲֻƭҵ˰
ԽԽ÷꣬ãһʱģ˲ƴǵ˾ʱܾԼõĻᡣ
ţҲɫȻ࣬Ų˴ϣûñ㻺Ľ롣
һҹߡ
صοյ񻨴ů棬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ڶʱֻ˺ܶ࣬ܵĸоʧϢҲƽڴϣʼԼڵתȫ֮üͷŻɿ
ҺãҺжûʲô󰭣ѪԼϣԺܿİָԼϵƣûɴЩ߻ħһϾͻָá
Ҫһ㣬úõİͻű䡣
紹ԼͨѪСӣŵĿڣһҪȥҵЩĵ˱ģǲҵĻҪұ˴ˣҲǻ˵ġ

1471 쳣1

1471 쳣1
ϾѾѪˡ
ԼѪѪƵģּ˲ѪΪһ壬Ѫڵʵ˵ǹĸĻѪƵҲòȥ
Ѿ֮оΪһ壬˭Ҳ벻˭
ҪǲܾͻűĻҵЩɱƴʱʧˣˣѪҲһ
Ļһ㣬Ļ֮ͨѪѪѪɫ䰵ֱǳƺڻӦĻһ㡣
紽΢΢һĨЦݣĿԼ壬ȥһԼжĸмû뵽ո׼뿪ʱȴͻȻüĽšĶסŲ
񻷹ԼķһȦϵıԽ
񿴼ˣԼķУǱ˷ϸ΢ĺۼ
ԭɻı˲ʧ̶ĿĿſڵķ˼̤ŵĽŲδֹͣ߳˷֮󣬱ֱֱĳķ˹ȥ߻ħ˵ʱ̷˾ֻһˡ
Ƿ䵱Уʲô˷ĺۼҲֻΪ
Ҫķʲô
ҪһЩģҪʲôֱӺ˵ͿˣҪ߻ħԵʱ͵͵淭
ȻĺۼͺĶĻָԭ޷һ۾ͲΪƹƳĹϵҪϸ΢ܵĹ۲һɹƳ棬ܺܺõĿЩƳķչ;û쳣ȻĻƳʲô仯ԼֲֶˣǳЦ
ĺϰߣƷڵİֻΪ·ڿջһޣûʲôҪģʵϴ̤ţһ˲ʲôڷʲôλãʲôԼǲԼ綼һǵι̡
еʣصǰûԼ쳣ǵЦŵĿ
Ҳպ̧ͷ㿴Ѿָ磬һ
磬ˣ̫ˣǰҸˣ
ȻǺҵƹƳǱ飬ĹҲʵʵڵģеģ飬ȻǼװġ
籾ĴСĽضԴȴڿǹĵĿԼʱȻؽԼеɻˡ
ܰʲôҪɣŻᶯĶ
ҰʲôΨһĵľֻԼԼûбҪȥԼҲûеȥԼ
Խƫִˣ˼ԽǵԴ걻˴Ҹ˳֮󣬱ǱϼҼˣΪ˱һֱɽһƹƳ棬Ҳû̫ĻȥӴˣϺʹ˴µĸ棬ʵһոһ㣬Ҫѧ黹кܶ࣬ѾůҪΪϵ
ţˣ˵һ㵣ġ
УʰʰӦ·ˡ
ҪߵģȴΪͻȻ߻ħǰųȥĻµȥѩҵ֮ٻȥδʱ̫ˣҲᵢܶ顣
ظĻ֮ȴĿصس翪ڣˣ磬ãҲҪ飬ߵķǰȥģǴȥĶ
߹Ϥ֪ķڣżĸ·ȴȥķҲûԼҪȥĶһɻ
ĻϲҪȥҪ罫ǰԼƴǣǸֻһһ
ԼڴʱȴͻȻ־Ҫȥĵطǳ
ôϾʱ̣粻ҪȥҪȥĶҪʲô
ż֮⣬Ǻˡ
ھеԽԽˡ
֮ǰ粻ʲô鶼Լ̹ȻûкԼ˵Ǹʱ˵ĹϵǺ׽ģܶ뷨粻ʵ˵Ҳܸܵõ˼໥Է뷨׽о˺̤ʵ
ԴΪ˶˶֮һİĸоʱչֳ
ʣ絭ЦŶŵɻǵ˵ͯ飿
Ϊʲôô˵ŵĵ˵ͷشǵá

1472 쳣2

1472 쳣2
ôˣ
绺ĵߣĿЩԶĿڡ
ҺЩȹҵˣûйһ˵Щޣ֮ǰΪԼĹδﵽ۷壬书ֲߣһֱţòϼҼ£ҵѪѾɣ书ɣǲҶҪһصݺҵļȥЩ˸ɱοĸ׵֮飡
罫·ϣԣǴУȥѩұɱĸ֮֮󣬲ܻȥ
˵Ļʱϵı֣أһݱĵ𣬽ϯȫįидֶԳз֮ޣҲ˼˱ǽԼż뷨ѹȥˡ
ԭ
̲ס۵ؿ磬οǺãǾһѩЩݺĸ׵ĳ˶ɱˣԺû۸ǡ
ʲôҶһֱߣԶ뿪ģ
˵֣ء
ҲЦЦ˾Ŀ໥ӣֻڿʱĴż̽ģҪʲôҪȥĻֻܺ˵˵ĹϵӦǲֱ˴˵ģ㲻ؾò˼˵ڡ
ƾ˵Ĺϵ
ҪʲôʲôΪѵĵطֱӺ˵
Ҳͬտʼֻ໥ϧ˸顣
ȻѾⱲӶһ벻ҪʲôΪѵĵطֱӺԼ˵ףܰæģһᾡԼȥףǣϣǣܺԼ̹ס
Ͼദ֮еģĻԼߵҲҪ޾ƣպܿģܷģ
ԣŻƶҪһٵĸᡣ
ҪΪ֮ǰô飬ô֮»ˣȥʵʲô֮˵ĺСֱӾͽЩ˸ɱˡ
Խ飬ҲԽԽݣһЩص飬һЩصˣֻҪǴʧûк֮ˣʵʳ仰ʱҲǶεġ
ϣʣ˵ϣʲôѺҪܺԼֱԲ䣬˵ϣĹϵ׺
£㲻Ŀ֣صϣĻشȻǵȴ
棬ʶЩ¡
ǶԼʲôȫķȫȻŵĻϣ˭ԼŲɵأ
ڴ֮£Ļ֮ȴ¶εЦݣֵ硣
֪ΪʲôôͻȻԼΪԼʲô쳣ˣֻΪԼЩжһеĿԣȴΨûҪʵʵ˵
ֻĿ˸ŵģԼϵıعƽȵĿ˵ѽʲô顣
ڸһ鶼ܺãûʲôҪҲĵģΨϵİ̺ۣãҺҵҩѾ˺ܶˣҲͷˣ
磬ôôʣȴĻһЦŵʡ
·һҶһ㣬ڵӿʱĿҲ˸б˼ζһֺǵȻ񣬵׵Ŀȴ޾Ҫ˸һ㡣
ܿ񣬺Լеľִٲ緢֡
ԼϵĵЦŲģĿĿ磬תƻ˵
֪Ĺؼʱ̣֪ŲҲΪ֮ģǽñĳ𶼱֮ӦңǸ˺𣿡
Ժûܴŵ˵ҲúõĻʱҩϵ˰̸ȥ𣿡
Цӯӯģһ˫Ŀˮ˸Ź
СվǳЦȻģԼ˻ȥٺȥˣѾͺ̹׵ĻᣬҲԭĻᣬϧ
ϧ񲢲ϧ
ôá
պ󣬳ԺûʲôԼ飬㲻پᣬҪôֽ䣬ĸɾˮ©Ҳ˿ĺۼҲС
򡭡
һǱõţô㲻ˡ
˱ԼԲ
ʰһ¶·ɡ粻ٶ˵תȥ۽ǵȴǽϵظı飬һ˿©Ŀ

1473 ʺ

1473 ʺ
ûж˵ֱ뿪ʵһգһͱˡ
ҪټȥĻҲ֪ôˣո˵Ļȷʵ˼
ѩЩ˺ˣҪôأ
ҡ
ѩ
İĴ˼ֲе˼
ǰô֪иôǿأ˼ü
ǰڵʱ򣬶ϼҼЩսթƣҲΨһļ֤ˣϼҼĸĹҲ˽⡣
֪ĹĹ飬ǶĹеĻӺʹ˽⡣
ȴͷһ塣
Ǵġ
ҪһЩͨļĻڵ书ǿԼֱṦȥżƳֱӽЩ˸ɱˣõŴŵôһȥʦڣ
绹ûôɵ
֮Դô˹ȥΨһһԾǣǸҺǿ뵽ڵĳ̶ȣǿмɵԲŻ֣صĶԴ
ظΪԼľⲻ֪ʧ֮󣬲ûֱӻصȥʰ׼뿪
ǡ
ֱҵ˺ĵǰ
Ƚ˼ɵĵĴԾͲˡ
ɫɱƴźŵĺƤһǰĿظǲɵô˸߲ĸֱ֣Ӵظֳ
šĵĪĲĪĻš
šĹĳ繧˸дʱ򣬿ǲȴֱӿ˺ĵǰٿ֣ĵץסźĵ۾ͬԼĿֱӡ
ֻñë˲书򣬺󱳵亹ʪѡ
ôˣ
ūʲôǵˣɪɪš
ȴֻźģ˺ĵģĿʵʱҪʲô
ֱ׵ĿѯʣûһĻûаˮúĵĪ©һģǻֲ֪֪̿ˣĶ֣˵Ҫȥ͵߶ʱ򣬺ʶıã鲻ס
ӦǰˣС˼
Ѿħ˵ʲôҲԼȰ˵ֻҪһС
񣬹ȻǱԼˣ
黹ûȥһͱĲԾҵԼǰģıԼ˵
ıŵûһ
ǰĿ⣬ĺףڰǰ·
ԣӦֻһ·ΪԸĻܺ˵ʵû˵ʵǰľֻ·һˡ
Ͼ˺ŷǱѰĹϵ㵱ǷʲôϧģôҪ
Ǻȴһ纣е֪֮ǰ㣬ֻһ鱰ū澰ˣǰڹʱǣ˹ǣɱ˺ģһֻϻҪӼ򵥡
󵨣ȻҵԼƤӵ·£綨Ȼ׵
˵
˵һΡѾûģҵֶӦ֪ģѡ˵ҿ
ū澡ū澡
ԥοڣȴδ˵ֱ꣬ͨһعظǰֲ̿سͷū澸
˵Ҫū澰æѰһǵʲôȴû˵ūҲʲô
ֻ˵ҪǷʲôĶū澳͵˵ǰʣµū澵ʲô֪ˡ

ԣ罣üšһ𣺡Ҷ
Ķȷڷҵĺۼǡ
ԼʲôðģҪԼԼѰң
ϵĽȻɿ
ںı۾׼ʱȴûеȵĳͷ̧̽ŵʱֻɻ
ǵķ˵ߣǷ˵ҪҵҵʲôȻһ㱨
һλᣬ㻹첻ãֻ߻ڱʲôСĻͲҪҶ㲻
˦뿪
ԭصĺȴͻȻ̱ĶڵϣڴڵĴŴա
Լûˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ţˣʱΣգҪȥؼҡԼļһ𡭡
ĻعŲ֫Ĵӵ

1474 Եֵ

1474 Եֵ
򵥵ĲԼͷĺˮ
ıӷгȥѰҵߣˣǸ׼ˡ
˵ͷûпϱ쳣ЦŵĳźĿڣã׼߰ɡ
ںĺٵʰԼҵʱҲ׼ˣѾڿջǰȺСƼվԵĲ롣
жԲļǺ޸ǿѹȥǳЦŵĸ첲ʾԼȨһٶȴӿջѩǰ
ǵͲʵҲǽûаֵ¡
ΪѾȷĿĺҪǰķûԴУǽĺ棬ʵǰȥѩ̽һҵټ
ʵ湬뾳ϣûвĹеǷǣǹԴӣ֪ǣÿջгɰֻ˷ͬŸ뵽湬У洫ĹϢ˵Ȼ뿪뾳һ̶ϣҪƴǸϢͨ
湬Щӣȴ书ǿ֮⣬ıѼ鱨ı£ʵ֮Ѹٵĳѩ룬ѩ·ϵʱǲʵδṳ̈ؾ볯ѩĻʳڣͻȻ־ڵؾϤӰԡ
ʵЩϲȷӰԼϴ֮󣬱Ѹٵĸ˵ǰϣʺȻǣ
ôˣ
ɵģʱ򿴼ƴǺֻЩġ
ȻƴǺͻڿʵӰʱҲɵЩɻ󣺡ʵô
ǽҲ𣿡
ʵӦøŵġ
ȴѩĵؾŲʵϵķ糾ͣƴǺֻˣǴӳַ֮飬ŻòʵˣҲųѩ·ˣ
ʵصĵ˵ͷֻƴǺǸˣڲԶūǷ˹һ̽ˣ
û뵽˻Ϻͻʺ
ƴǺֻ໥һۣ㿪˵ڲ˵ĵطǹ
Ųʵһ˵ĵطƴǺֻ㿴Ųʵʵŵôǽ㷢ʲô쳣
ʵصĿڻش𣺡ػϵĻѾڵĵӾշѾ湬ĵӵƿ֮ˣõġ
֮Իѩĵؽ磬ΪǹǸҲǸ޷磬Ҫȥѩȴ֪Ҫʲô˸󣬶ūǷһѩ̽
ҵҲĻ壬Ĺľٹأ֪ˣѲ鿴йҵһУԼ湬ϢͨȴǶûʲô
ǰĽ׵ĸ׵ȷǺҵǸģϾҲʲôֵŵ飬ǷͻȻĽҲĺƴǻֻ顣
ܲΪ׾ҵһ˾ͽһԼҵһԼͳ԰һ
Ȼǲʵġ
ҲΪˣûܵһʱ뵽ҿڵġ
ظݣӲˡ
Ҽͱڤֻ°ˣȴĸ֪Ѿʵף֪ݺҵԨԴˣ治֪Ȼ
ʵɵøп׻͹һĸͬĽܣǹԭȻ˼ŵҪҪıȥϢ㱨ͻʺֺ³򣬵飬ŵŲ̽Ŀ֮˹ȥתϺͻʺ빬߻û֪ͨϺͻʺϺͻʺӦǰ˹ѩҪǹϺͻʺﶨȻǻء
ʵ˷ܲѣƴǺֻҲʵһ
ȻǸ书Ī⣬ʵ׽ǿŹһ˵ĻǻЩΣյģڲһˣ˻ϺͻʺİæټôʤҲҪ˺ܶࡣ
Ѿ˹ֻҲɵ¶ЩЦݡ
̫ˣƴǣҪнæĻǴгɹĻˣ
ʵϽȥ߽㣬ýԲٸѾ絽ҪʲôˣֱȥĿĵصţ׼Ϳˣ
ǣʺ
ԣʵ˷ܵسֻ˵ͷṦѸٵĳ˵淽˹ȥֻǺƴǾͽһҿջҲڳıôҵңοܲҵĺøУ˵һ𣬶֡

1475 ѩ

1475  ѩ

ʵһ·񱼣ڼʱļūƼ˻Ϻͻʺˡ
ϢϢ
ūѩľڼϺͻʺˣѾǰ̽鵽ǸҪ飬ѩľڣǹȥأ
ʵĽԼ̽һֲ㱨
𣿡
ƴǺͻҲˣԣϵϲ¶ЦݣҲԵĸŸˣ̫ˣ
ԭȻΪҪܳʱܼ֮ƴǺֻû뵽ǼȻĬȻѩĵؾ֮󣬱ǰԸǸĶԲߣһֻ棬ǰʼƶԸѪƵҩۡ
һ˫顣
ҪǣƴһǳжȵģȻ׿Ǵڶ֮ĳתԹѩȻʮİգֻʮҪ顭
ôܡ
սڳѩ
һʲôܣǰҲȻûô򵥣
Ǳٵسɣ̲סڴߴ١
صĵ˵ͷʰһ£̳
һٶڼӿ죬֮ǰֻǸٵĸڶӵʱ̱žСĽʱһٶȣɱѩľڱȥ
żֻƴǻϣ
⣬
Ϻͻʺߵʱū澣ҿջšʵǰ˵ָ·
˴󲽵ĿջС
ȴЩʱգôϤӰ֮ڣֻƴǶŵվǿԷ£㣬̫ˣ
ֻǸ˵Ŀ棬˿Ҫȣ
Ҳڡ
Ȼ뿪ˣ
⵱һţ
֮ǰôʱֻֻһҪȰ˵뿪ǸˮȵĵطԼһصֻὫ￴Լĸһ㣬úõ̷ꡣ
ʼնǾֻܾҪƲ뿪ţֻһ˺úõİȵŰꡣ
û뵽һȥշţлȰ˵ǽֻ˵ؿ棬Եĸпš
ǵ֣Ǻ㣬ܵ㣬û£ԷˡŷôĴ¶ڡ
ŪãΣӰ졣
ﵽ׶ģҪĻҲҪѷɫˡ
ϾڵϿѪڵġ
ֻһֱİΣҲĶ֡
ƽĳԼǰֻûʲôõĵˡ
ֻ֣òײŴǸ˲¹ͷĵطһεæѩҵ飬ͻȥɣ˵ʲô뿪ˡ
ֻĿ֣ء
˵ʲôٶȹһˣǿģҲҪߡ
ҡ
ϼҼڵҲѪƵģ֪ܲܰȥǾԲټϼҼһˣϼҼʵǲֵ
ϼҼʱϲˣǱϾʱţǶǰڡ
ѾȫͬʱΡ
Ҫǰ
ϲǸֵãǲϵɽ͹ֻҪֵãʲô鶼Թ޻ڵġ
ǲֵãӦüķ
һ仰˵ĺܺá
ʧܣ۲£ҪҪʱֹ
֮ǰûųҲգǼȻϴڳôһֻζķȥˣ
ֻںԼվǸжŵ˵ͷֻļ򣺡ãͰ˵İ죬ֻǻδųԶҵ㣬ǻиҪһҪ
ϵĸжʧתϵı˵ĹѾ͵ֻǰ
㿴ʲô
ε֮£ֻؽõУҷڱᣬȴûпʲôߣֻһͨĲͨĲݶѣΪ֣ص͵ԼǰεԼ
Ȼݵ;ֻ֪һͬѰĵطϧֻһʱȴֻѡֱӽԼʳˡ
ʲôҪ𣿡
ֻʱȴЩϲؿֻӵĽ͵ѪƵĵطҵ
ѪƵĵطҵġֻԸո˵ĻǺֻܿɻʧת˸ɢ⣬ƺǲһݵķǱѰ֮

1476 

1476 
˵ѪƵĵطҵģ
ֻȷٶظ仰
ֻСĽע֮£ﴽǺЦݵĵ˵ͷ󡭡ֻϵıΪˣ
غ͵ҽҩ档
ܶҩļǶҩǽҩͬʱкܶҩģҶǶҩǻȴǽҩǽ˹
ȻֻݾѪƵĵطҵġ
ô˼ǲԶˣ
ﻹδüֻϸ˵ֻҲǴ߰˷ֵĲ²⡣
ѲݱǿѪƵĲҩ𣿡ֻЩĿ
ֻ֮»ĵ˵ͷЦŵĿֻԡ
ڻ·Щ飬ȷǻѪƾüֺͿƣֻΨһźǣֻ֪ѪȷſƵãǾôҩü֣ҩȴʱȷóȻø˷õĻǻкܶ
£ֻ˳Ĭò˵˵úϣҪ⣬Σʱȡ
Ҳ֪ûлѪƷ֮ǰ׵Ƴҩǵ˷ѣҵݱѾһܴĽˣµҲֻһŬ
վǻҵõҩͽİ취ġ
ֻǵģ֣̫ģδ˵ҽҲķҲǸҩĸ֣ҽһҪá
ǽѩ֮󣬱㽫ݴصϽ˺оǻҵİ취ġ
˶ܺùԼһоٶȻ˼άҲ޵ġ
˵ﻰ
ҵݣֻ˵ѾǺܺõϢˣ
ֻĿеľϲݽ߬Уô˵ݵĳ֣൱ڿϣִ΢֮£ǵҩ۵䷽ҲҪ˼ģ
ˣˣȽݻһ°ɣѪһʱ֮䵹ûΣȻأȴҲʮ𼱵飡
ʱЩѪƵˣûмĸΣգǸпԼҲѪƵ磬һõĻأ㲻̫ǵġ
ƴǿźɵֻֻļȰ˵£Ҫǣҵڣ˵ҵЩ˰æһԸ磡
ǵһҪ顣
ճĽ׵Ļ˵ҵЩԸѵֺԴ
㵱ǵĴزҪ뾳ҳĽ׺ͳĽ׵ĸ׿˵ģ̬ȴɿڲκ֮Ҳû˵̫лĻֻǶһö壬Ƿ³Ľ׸һ飬κε鶼öҵˣǱᰴԼ顣
ȴ˿ûҪͳټҵ˳ΪѵĴ㣬Ҳ˺Լ뷨ҲҪټҵѡ
ſ̬ȵȷзѣΪܿԲĻ㲻ֻǲ˵ҵЩְæԸ磬ǻȥ˰֣Ǿ̫òʧˡ
濴ΪѵƴǺֻ˵ȱ𼱣òʵͲǱѧںĴ̽һҵĶ򡣡
ȷڵλ֮취ȥǼҲ١
ʵ࣬ͷжȥ̽һ£ʲôȲҪԼǵǰǺһж浱ڷԸ
ҲֻˡƴǺֻͬĵ˵ͷĲʵͲ֣صĳ湰˹֣ģū澺Ͳʵһùʧġ
ʵͲ㵱ӿջгӰһʧޱߵҹɫС
˹˲һֱڱϢʹϢʱ䶼ûС
ƴǿʣµЩ˿˵㣬Ϣ򣬱ǵҵڣȴûоȥӦҲһֱ׶ˡ
á
洹˵ͷ۽ǵȴʼնû뿪棬ЩĻҪƴ˵
κΣƴʼǺֻӰģ䵱Ҫһƴ˵Ҳǿ޴֣ҪóȻֻ֧Ļֻﶼɣʱ򣬷ǻỵ¶
ƴǡٿؿڽƴһ
ؿͷеƴǶסŲֻҲվԭأĿɻĿšü棺㣬ôˣ
ƴǲĿ棬ͳĿڣȴֻҡͷЦЦûʲôЩۣúϢ
ûȥƴǺֻһֱۣӻصͷϢȥˡ

1477 ֹ

1477 ֹ
ԭصֻƴ໥һۣǴӶԷпɻ
û°ɣ
һǿ˿ȻŮӣȴˬӢˣеӢĪ˵ֻƴҲԥԥֹģ
ȻǷʲô¡
˼ɣŻˡ
ԣƴīĿⲻɵǺܿģǽеɻ͵ǸѹȥҿͬɻֻЦŵİοû£㲻õġ
ұãȥúõ˯һɡ
һ˵УΨֻǲ书ģ˲ֻǻ书ϵ书ͣıҲʲô⣬ֻȴǵƣ룬ҹϵĸ·⽿˵ʵǳɵ顣
á
ƴǵЩǣֻҲûǿ󣬵ĵ˵ͷֱӻص˷䵱УƴǸֻ
ŻֵĿͷ˲ðǸԽ˷еȴû˼ֱ˯ġ
ÿ˶Ǹ˼ǡ
ڷЩδֻΪʲôߵʱͻȻסƴһڲͲʵҪӱµˡ
ǧ;ػ˿ջİбƴǺֻ˵İȫ
ҹ
޴ĻһŨīһĻ
Ȼ˺磬ѩ˳ƿƮ£ܿģǽѩ߾ѩװεװعҲˡ
ʱ
Ҳ֪ʱȴ쳣Ѱ
ڣֻƽȵĺԵƴȻ۾ڰУƴǺʯһ˫Ŀ俴˯ֻĵǺ˱ǣԼȴǳֻ˯עʱȻ뿪˷䡣
ƴǶ첢ҷŵĺᣬûн˯еֻѣǿٵĴӷֱ֮ӹķ䵱С
ȻͬԼǰ㡣
ҹѾ˿ɣ沢δϢӰڵ񻨴Ա߿Ŵëѩǳֹ¶ģƺڵˣڵƴǹ
㣬Ƿʲô飬ΪʲôܵŴҵ˵Ҫһ˹أ
ƴǿ첽ǰȷû˸ţСĽĽϣ첽ĵƴǵǰʳڡ
ƴǺ˫ӣĪӦģټ϶׽ܣ˵ǱȽϤģߵʱֹĶԼ˵ǽԼֵʱƴǱ˼㶨ȻʲôҪҪԼ˵ԲŻǰ֡
¹򣬶Լ˵һǷǱѰġ
ƴǼûκηϻ˳˼˹ڿƴǹʱӢüҲǽšţϵı鲢ɣƴҷһر顣
ڴ֮ǰиҪ㡣
ϵıأôǸģôϵã
ֻƽ¼Ȼġ
ֻةŮ
ڴ֮ǰȴû˵ֻʲôĹϵҪ˵иĴڵ
ȴƴǺֻȥһ֮󣬱ƾðһʵɻġ
ټ˾÷ĵط֣ý治׵ң滹ϲҲ֪ʲô
֪Էϴè壬ȴû취֪Էڱܻʲô治̤ʵ
ƴǶЩʽǿذģҲǲҺ˼ŴǰŵֻӴʱĹʵʵػشˡ
ҺͻҪȥϼҼѰһ½⿪ƳĽҩģû뵽ϼҼȴԻ˹ƣûΣвңҪҽĻλǲִųҽλ˸˶ϼҼԭҪƭϼҼȷйƵģҪ˸ƾͼƣ
ǸڱȴƵĸϼҼΨһ֮ҲйƳ棬òǸʹ
ûа취ŲòıԭļƻƾͼƵڡ
ƴأǷϱ棬ü֮֮ȥǳ˵ǸҲȷмƣ˭˭ڱƴǱҲǲ˵ˡ
ֻһһ
ǸҺͻ͵ʱͻϵģΪǸòͻ߰˷ֵƣԲ˵ʲôţǸ书ý⿪Ƴ档
ϼҼ¸ϵĹƳ棬ҪǸæĻҲҪ࣡
ϵε׹

1478 

1478 
˵Ĺƴ̲סһֱŵĲε׹ó͵ǰҲΪǸǲ֪ε׹ôϱԤѪơ
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£ȥеƴǵ΢΢˶١
̶һǲҲĿ˸
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ڣǲ˵һЩƴҲ滰еĺ壬ָĵطˡ
ε׹ǵʦģ׽ĵӶ֪ǲε׹ʲôõģﵹãոտǲε׹ʱһ۾ϳǲε׹ô
Ȼǽġ
տʼʱƴֻΪֻҵԼ˶еˣȴûü˼ǣڡ
㣬ѵʲô𣿡
˶žǿľԵģҪ쳣ĻȻʲôè壬һصĺ֮£
֮ǰһֱֻӴģƴǶӡǲ࣬⣬ƴǱҲǲ˼ܣڽӰ֮£ƴҪѷɫֵġ
ǱصƴҲ˿
ƴǵķ֮£淴ãȻҡҡͷҲǾʲôõĵطֻǾϵ̫ˣൽҲֲʲô
ƴǵüĽšأ
֪𣿰˵ģǸþţδΪιƳ̫أҪųΪģҲֻҪо⿪ƳĽҩ
Ǿ׷ʱƼظıǰķ򡣡
һʱ֮䣬Ҷû뵽羿ҪʲôǸȴһ۾ͿͼȻ֪Ҫѩģһ˽Ĺķλ
ĿģĹд˺ܾõһʱŻˣ򼴱ָڵ˳ŹһҲϤ
ο˵ģûгȥ
ȻЩʱҲǷֳĻԺͶĻԣԡһǳ˵ѵʱ򣬾һڣؼǣǸƴǺ濴صϣ˵ˡ
ӣûôˣ
ƴصģ˵ߣȻǳȥţ׽ˣûбҪǵǰ˵Żѻ˱ì
ȻҲǹ涨еĵӲ̤أܲκϵ׵к׵е飬ǱϾƴǺֻҲʲôˣǴųȥĻȻҲҪȥġ
ֻҪ̹˵ȥͿˣֻƴҲɻ
˵һ䲻ǣԼԼûгȥţû˻ỳǡġ
ڱ˵ĶоЩ˵˰˼ˣ
ȴûУȻƴǺֻǰ˵˻ѣ˵ԼȥΪʲôҪƴǺֻ
ûȥţϵʲôҪ
ôһ˵ƴϵıҲ
ǻˣǿأ˵ʲôţֻ棬ѾﵱԼĸװĴڣҪǵϴʲôĻ
ƴǲҼ˵ȥҪϴԿڣֱҪ飬пԭգȻĻôǶֻ˵һصĴ
ƴǵǲ֪ôֻ˵ˣ
˵ʵʵҺĽӴ֮࣬ǰһֱͻһӴģֻǶǸҴҵй֮ԵˣǸǲʲôè壬һʱ
ģպһǸעģ
˵ͷҡҲǸɵأһ㣬ҾϵĸоҺϤϤĸо
֮ǰйһʱһ㡣
ǣȴЩͬĵط
ĿƴǵҲԽʯ֮䣬濴ƴǺԼһʱ򣬱Ŀ˵Һҵҵʦˡ
˻

Һҵҵʦˡ
㿪֮ƴϵıǱ仯ĸ
ʱһصŮˣǸŮ˽书ֽ湬ڸ棬˵ǶʦĸĴڣϧʦȴм׽ϵϡ
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Ȼ˵ҵʦˣ
ѵ
ʦ֮ʲôȻϵ
˵
ﱾʦ
书ǿֶùҽֵ߳ļǵʦҲûʲôܵģ

1479 һͷ

1479 һͷ
Ĭ
ƴšüվԡ
Ǹֵģһķ羰ߡ
ƴǱ㱡Ŀ˵һĹעģ㲻ҪģǻҲòһЩģ
ϵǲʲôܡ
ҲﵽǲʦΪҪݣҪʲô
Щ鶼ҪֻҪƴǺʽĲ쳣ôܽ⿪еһɻˡ
㣬ұȻȥˣѾ˵Ҫ˵ĻƴҪߣ򿪷ŷ˽Ų֮󣬱ѸٵĻص˺ֻһķ䣬ƴǺܶûп˸ԵķŹϵʱһӰȴҲȻ»صԼķ֮ڡ
ϱصĳ˼ٶео
ҹҿ
ʵҹʲô飬ȴûΨһ˯̤̤ʵʵģҪֻˡ
峿
ֻãȻ˫۵ʱÿɫ͸οյ񻨴棬ƽ˼ů⡣
ƴȱʰһУĿĿֻЦˣ
šƴĿעţֻЩ˼ߵĵͷ̸˵ǲδ̫ʱˣֻĬĬ²ţҾĻָԼ̬پڱƴǰעӵĺߵУתתƻĺƴ˵ű顣
ô
ʵͲ𣿡
ȻƴѾʶ˺üӣ˵Ĺϵʼô׺񣬿ÿһֻƴͬһĲյʱֻ̲סС¹ײ
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ܵʲôʱֵü򵥺ܶࡣ
δûСӦǻˣƴǱո׼ڻشֻ⣬Ƽ˿ջϤӰæı˻档
ƴֻһģ档
ڲͲʵ˵Ӱ˿ջеʱ㵱򿪷ţʵͲ˽ȥеĿʵô
ֻƴǣҲǸźĴ˹
̽ʲôϢ
عϵĻū澶෬֮ѩǲ鵽йҵ˿
ǿ󣬿ѩУȴûһȷ֪ڣҵʲô˵ʵͲĻ˲ɵ𺳡
Ȼ
ص̶ȡ
ڡ
ֻƴˣΪʲôĽҵʱ򣬻ϵıôأԭĪ˵˶Ϥ˵ҵҲȼˣ
ʵͲڴڵĴϢƽЩ֮󣬱ɫŵĿ濪˵ūһ˵Ҳûаװ׵ıūǴһͷźܴϵҿӦ֪ҵҵģ
ͷȴ˵ʲôԸūβҵȷڵλãū澱ֻл㱨һˣ
ʵͲϱЩǷϡ
Դ湬֮󣬱ǱϹѡ˹ҵӣϹǴ书һǽ̵ȥϢ
ǼֲиŬ֮ҵǸͷڣκǸͷʵ̣ѱĴڣûа취ֻܻȥˡ
⣬ū澺ͲʵԭŴһ˻㱨Ϣһͷȥලͷû뵽ǸͷȴǼթ˦ǵĸ٣ǻǸסˣ
ԲŻᵢ㱨Ϣʱ䣡
ʵͲ໥һۣ˽š
Ϊͷ̫թƻڲʵͲһʱ֮ˣȻͷƵģЩûܴվгȥǳЦ
õ湬ͿϢ湬ڴ̽ϢʱȻԸһͷϡ
Ҳǡ˵һ飬ͷȻʲôܣҲȻͬʵͲ̽Ľһ㣬Ǻϵģ򡭡
ֻһоͨٲͨͷôб½ĵˮ©Ưأ
ʵͲǶȻŵģ
ȥѰǸˣֻüĽɵõĵŲʵͲˣ
ʵͲ˶ûܸٵǸͷ뿪Ǹͷ˦»ص˿ջô֮ҪҪȥѰͷǱȵ컹Ѱ
ɵӣ˸ٹһ֮ҲӦСĽĶǱܿʵͲֵĵطɣ
ܻܲɵɵĻȥԭĵطű˷֣
֪ԼĻ֮ǴɻģʵͲ໥һۣϴЦ⣬Цӯӯĳ˿ڽ͵ͻϣǲõģǸͷƫƫǺ˲һЩڲͬ

1480 ıŸΣգ

1480 ıŸΣգ
Ѱڱ˷Լ٣ֲ̫ͶԷ򽻵ĻȻǻܿԶԶģ¶㶼㲻ǻ
ǲʵͲǸͷȴһˡ
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ǸͷԹƧȴϰãÿ춼׼ʱ׼ĳڶֵмȥ㣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôǲܷʲô飬η꣬·ûʲô˶ģ
ʵͲ֪˵ɻ󣬻Ŀڽ͵ȻʱǽǸ˦ˣҲûļල٣ǱڳȥѰȻǻһһ׼ģ
ʵͲ˵ĵ
֮Ըô϶ҾǱǹͷ˦Ҳÿգûм׷ȥǻջֻƴǱţҲΪˡΪѾͷƢԸˣԲûʲôùǵģ
ǶȻ׵Ļƴ㱨ģ
ڵʱΣҪһ㱨ϢĻǻлϺ͹ǻᵢ£ʵͲȻôḡ³ç
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ҪùʲôֻǴڿջУȴŵÿһÿһ붼ü尾
ңʱ䣬һӦͿҪѩˣҪٲһĻȻҪˣ
Ͼƴһ˱ʵʵҵˣڣ粻Ҫķ̫ʱ䣬ֱֻӱĿĵؾͿˣƴǼҪҪҵңҪ෬̽
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ôֻﵥһֻΣյУϧֻҽȴ֪ƴǵ̸ΪֻԵȷ;֮ٺֻ˵ʵ
룬Ȼ飡
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δƴǺӦֻæصͷӦðҲоһǸʲôҩ˱òˡ
ҪȻֻҲҪƴǿڣͲһȥǸͷˣ
ҲԼ书һ׶ˣܵʲôΣʱ򣬶ﲻƴʲôæԶԶĶƴǵı󣬲ƴ鷳Ѿôˡ
ǹͷºܴ󣬾ʵͲ඼ɵĽץҪƴٴԼٶҲűģ͸Ҫ˵Ҫȥץˣ
ƴǣ㣬ǷȥѰǸͷõҺİΣ
书ܺãڿջҲʲôΣգΣգᱣҵġֻȻʮΣƶ飬ѾȫȫŴĻˣǶûаġ
ƴǺĵ飬Σ᲻ᱣֻġ
˾ùؼΣյﱾ
Ҫֻֻ֣֪ܵģ֪ܵģף
ҪֵֻĻֻôĶ֪Ҫָֻˣ
ڲʵݣ˵ʲôҲҾֱӵֻҪֻгΪвֻвƴǺ档
ĻƴǺʮֵļ֡
δҲֱӺֻ˵һҪǼŭͲˣǲ²󣬵ƺҲ̫ãǻû롣
Ƭ֮䣬ƴѵС
ƴ죬׼˵ֻһǰȥѰǸͷҵֱ֮ӸȥҵĻڹƳĽҩģŰоҲ١
룬Լδ˵ڣ㱻һԵڴˣãȻˣڿջоݣǧҪʲôʲôΣգ¡

1481 ˰м

1481  ˰м
ֻǣȥʲôطһҪĻǲܰϢȥҵǣǣȻûҵĵϣǻ֮󣬻ﶼúõĴڿջУ£
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ֻ˵ϡƽһǰɣ˼
ҡĵҲûеģϾһ˶ѩ˲زģ£οֻﶼ֮ˣҪǱ˸ƼˣһҰģҪֶֻŵģǾͲˣ
ֻ֪ڹԼͷͬ汣֤ǣ㣬׸ô
㲻̫ģ
ǾͺãֻǵĽԼ˵Ļ˽ȥҲǷĲ٣ּ˵ǰȥѰҲʵͲ˵ǸͷҵһȥңӦʱ䲻̫õġ
˵Ĺ滹ֻļ˱ƴǲ֮£ȻĿڷԸ˷ͷ¡
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ǣʵͲ೯湧Ĺ˹֣˵ӰһƴǴȷ档
ƴҲվǿнԼĲ͵Ǹѹȥֻ˸
ǷİɣһչԼȥɡֻƴǽüͷüŨŨĲݸЦЦģƴǵ֣СƴǵĶ߿ڣõңҲΣյģһúõĵǹǡ
ȥǸͷʱҲӦСģҪǸͷˡ
ȻƴѾڽĿƣʱϵıȴֻԼŨŨĵġ
ֻ̲סڰοƴǣҽƴǣǸͷΪ˹죬пҷųնΪҪջЩͼıˣ
һҪǱҵ˴ΪƴǵǶʲôķǷ֮룬˫ĻǱһ鷳ˡ
һҪСģƴڵ֣صֻվ̲סڵѡ
˵ֻ΢΢һƴ׵ڵĪĽŲ֮£֣صĿƴǵ˵ͷãһСĵģҲǡ
ĸۼƴǺӰʧ˿ջ֮ڡ
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á
飬ֻȻĴӦ
㽫ֻԼķ֮ڣ˿ջȴδźƴ뿪ȥѰҲʵͲ˵ǸͷǶסŲ֣صĿЩãȻĲʵͲࡣ
ôˣʲô𣿡ʵͲ಻Ŀ档
ۼžҪǸͷֵʱˣҪǽٴ˵ĻҪһĹˡ
ʱҲ˹ˣ
ͻϽ쿴ֵֹģΪʲô»ôԥ
ƴǵҲǳɵĿ棬ֻԲʵͲãȻƴһ˫ʯһ˫еĿǵǺͲ
㣬ǾôˣŻҿջУ᲻ûΣյУ֪ƴеĹǣ˰ֹ֣סƴǵǵĻ
ĿЩϵĿŲʵͲڷԸ࣬ջ۲ͱŻʺʲô쳣㲻õҵͿоֻһжҪԻʺİȫΪһҪ飡
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ջзˣһֻһֻǻϺ͹ȴ֣صԼһԸవڰмˣұֻȫ
µ
Щǲ˵ףڳ⼸ȴҲ˻˼ǡǹڵĻʺİΣңҲǶǸĲģŻģ
൱ɫصس湰֣ǣūһỤסʺİȫԲûʺʲôģ
ֻѾˣڰм¡
Ҳ֪Ǹ书Ǹ˺ֵĳ̶ȣڿƴǺҲӦǲµġ
ܿܲǸĶ֣򲻹ǸŲڵĻȻǻס֮䣬ֻһЩߵʱġ
򲻹ܾһӡ
ˣ߰ɡ˲ڰбֻ֮㽫ĿڲʵȥҵǸҵֵͷҲͬҪȡսپ

1482 ܲǽҩ

1482 ܲǽҩ
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ʵƴȺͷ
£˵ӰѸٵʧ˿ջ⡣
ջеĿĿֻ߰ɣҲӦæµˡ
ｫֻԼķ䵱УǽԼݣҩһһڵֻǰֻͬԼôݵоͿ
ȴҪƹƳݣһڽ⿪Ƴҩ䷽˺֥ɽ軨ζЧԣǿԴӸԴϽѪƸסˣǽһĹᷢѪƵķɣһҺɻʼҲΪʲô
𣿡
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һֻܣһǵóԼúõҩۣѪʵ顣
ȻƿеѪڸոսӴҩ۵ʱǰ㾪ֵģͺǿʲôرֵ̿Ķһµ޴ӵĸо
ǽֻһĹѪƱ»صԭλã֮ǰģҪӵİݡ
ʲôѪƵҩ
Ѫǰģ֪ģΪǸѪƳʲôҩأ
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ѵҵ뷨ݸͿƲѪƣ
ǲӦðѪ֮ǰĿ־岢װģӦǵǺ£˼ɲǣǲ֪ΪʲôһʱѪƱ»ָ
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ŴѪֻоģܳɹĽѪƸ⿪Ļڲ˺κζ£ܶۺƴϵѪַֻôһѪƣû˵УǱ˵ĻôѪƵ˵֮ڣǱǻὫøӸǸ޴ˣ
ֻĻʼѪƵϣ֮ǰԼЩɫϸСȣѪƵ̬Ƿ˺ܴı仯ûôϸͬʱɫҲɰɫѪɫ
ҡ
ѪϵѪɫ޵ģʱ˵Ѫۼһ㣬ĪЩۡ
ݴµЩƳԣһֱѪ˷ӦڼκһӵֻûдݵЧʧЧѪƷֻ֮Ҳǿ֣ء
ʯ֮䣬ֻֻԺʲôҪҪչֳһ㣬ǾԼҪҪʲôҪʱǰȴͻȻһԼ˵ʲôҲ
㡭ֻЩɣƬ֮ȴǱͻȻλĿ⺧ȻĿԵģֻü֮ĳʧתƶ
˵ĻǶԵģҲǲȫԣ
ʲô˼ҪֻŪúͿˣ
ֻĿ˳¸ɻʲôжԵģʲôǲԵģֻ˵㷭ȥû׼ͷԡ
˵ȷǵģԱĶҲ붼Ϊ˿ڵģѪƿ̫ܲһ
ɻ֮£ֻĽţѪ˺ƶɵģԼɵģ
ƵĻܶණǱΪĸıˣô˵ĵѪƵϱ㲻Ӧˣø⣡
ֻڵ˫Ŀ
ֻ޷ѪƣܸѪƷ֮󣬱ѪƵӴ󣡡
ֻ˲˫Ŀ⺧Ȼʱôһ仰֮пһСƿеǸѪƵϡ
Ȼֻ˵Ļһ㶼ûд
ۼ֮ǰϢ΢ѪڷƳνĽҩ֮󣬱˲ԽоԭƳѪģ̫õʱ֮Ѫ޷ȡԼѪ˥߶
ҵֻѪһֱŵ˽죬Ҳһβ̵ʱˣʱѪƲǱɣûȥΪѪʳӪ
ԣڸóѪƵʱֻѾܸоѪơ𽥵ļ٣ܲιѪƵĽҩѪҲȻȻ˥ԴѪ֮ⱾѪƱ˲ָֻ˾
ԲŻڸոһ˲ֵǺǺ¿־ݣʵϣֻѪƵһαװֶΰˣҲǰͻȻֵʳһ̽
ȷͻȻֵʳﵱûʲôʱ򣬱ὫԽȥȻָԼ״̬

1483 ɱ

1483 ɱ
ֻ£Ҳֻ۾һҲǸ̲סпʲôѪƣ
ֱѾ˾Ķħ
ǰѪƵ̶ֳȣȴ廹ǸСӵ̬֮⣬СĺͽѾ㹻˵սľˣ
ȻƳ˶ĺͱ̬Ķ²ֻǺ˱ˣ
һҲʳѪƵķ֮£
ֻأѪƸͷ۲ѡ
ڲ֪Ƶ£Ҫ⿪ѪƣҪ硭
ʵ̫ˣ
ǵҲ˿ûзֵġ
ѪûнӴ˵ûר˵ʱ򣬲ĻȻȻѪƵ˵ڣ˲ȥιѪǣΪȥѪҲǻƴļȡйƵڵѪʱΨһĽͿܾǸ˹ƵˣѪڵѪ֮
Ҫô¹˵İڲǸ¹˻ᶨʱй˽ҩҲЩرķƵģѪΪԭϵġҩһʱѪƲʳ˵壬ֻǸˣ
֪Ϣֻ֮ϵıøΪԭ˻ǸˣΪǿҵ˽⿪Ƴõİ취Ժû˻ܹƳĥˣֻ˰׸һ
ҵЩɱ˹Ƴ棬ǹƳϡ
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оôʱ䰡ΪѰݣЩԼˣҩû˿ãǸѪˣ
пκεϣһֳصĴ
ֻƺʧ䣬󵱼Ȱοȵȵȣ鲢ûеô򵥡
޾ԣ˵ĵһ涼ӦǵѪ⣬ͬҲһģ
ȻѪƵϣҲͬԳΪѪĶҩ
ֻŽıͻȻʧתǲһĨЦЦĻȣ˵⻰ʱĿ˸⣬ĵĶСƿӵеѪƵϡ
ﲻĿֻƺҲǱֻͻȻıָŵˣЩɵĿڣǻ˼ǡ
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ֻٿشλڵĿʵݣɫǸ˶٣
ҪʵڲеĻҪƴ˵һȥȡһЩݻˣ
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㣬ϵݾ㹻õˣ
кܶǷ˲ʵͲ˵ϣţҪǻòĻ˻֮󣬱ٹҪһЩ
˵ĹѾԼеݶ˳ڷֻǰ
ֻ޺޵ҧóеݶõУ󣬱𺳵֮£ЩݵҩüֵĵطģһԵĶСƿС
˻
ﲻɵõһֻϱȴǺ֣࣬ǴƿеѪƣǿੲݣдʡ
Ȼô鷳ôƽҩⲻϵĶԣɱ㣬ôãǾͲôȥƽҩˣ
ɱ㣡
ҶҪƳ
ֶһģͲپڹˣ
ĿɿڴĿֻһ촽ȵ΢΢ſûˮֻȻҲС
ô뺷һĻ
ɱ㣬㡭
񡭡
е
ţЦá
Ȼ𾪵ˣ
ֻһԵĶ˴ƿУҿлдʵʱֻǴƿеѪƣǺǸ˺ͼģЩ˵߲ܡ
ֻȥ٣ܺܿıԸɾûһ˵ס
ֻٶȻѪƳԵٶȣЩӦ
ǣģѪƳݵٶȱļǹӦ״̬ˣʱ࣬ݵɲٵ£ƿнڸס˿ռ䡭ҡ
𺳵Ŀ֮£ѪƾȻԴһᡭ
ˣ
ĳƿУ
⡭
Ѿ֪Լʲôܱʱ˿ˣǾáǧֻڿ񱼣
Ŀԣ
˵ˣֻˣҲǱԼ׳ٸ𺳵ˡ
ֻΪѪôûа취ԲŻһ˵ɱҲҪĻû뵽

1484 ٶ뼤Ľ1

1484  ٶ뼤Ľ1
Ȼײĳɹˣ
⿪ѪҲô򵥵顭
˾ͺˣ
Ȼδ˵ǹϵıܿʱ˿ϵı龿жôġΡ
ջ֮⡣
ϣǰ治Զ̷ˣ
Ǹͷ̯λǰ棬ĶҲֻһЩܳӤõĶʵѹ񴩹Ⱥ׼ȷ˶̷Ǹľݣһ˫۾ȴ˵ϡ
֪ˡ
ƴ໥һۣسŲʵڷԸȶһж·Һͽǰȥ̽һ
ǸͷѾͲʵʣʶǵˣҪʵֱӸƴǹȥĻһǸͷľѣʱǻδͷͷѾߵķɿˣﻹܱץš
ʵĵ˵ͷĳƴǺ˹˹֣ӰʧĽֵС
ƴǺҲǾԵĳͷ˹ȥ
ƴ޳ָ׼ȷͷ̯ϵĲ˹档
ƴϴŵȻЦݣĳǹͷʵ˼ңô
ǹͷֻ۾ɨһƴǣǰ˵Ǯ
ƴҲûзϻֱͳͷǰͷȴǰƴһۣõĿ˵̫󡣡

ͷֻǵ˵ô仰֮ƤƴǺ壬ȻҲƴ󣬾йϵҲе˵ѱ
ƴǺ˵ûбͷ̬ȸӰ졣
˹ʮֿɰȥĺأȻҲǱֱӶɣѵϲ
ƴӵĽţƴҪǲ˹ߵʱͷȴͻȻһֱӵƴǵǰִǲ˹ĵ棬ͼǸ˹ĸ
Ǹԭˣ̯֮ΪҪ׬ӣҵѾˣҪ׬Щ΢ļǮ
Ϊͼһ˺Ϳ֡
˳۵ˣֱ͸˾ͿԣĲȡҲûϵǿĲ˳۵˱Ǳ˻ǧҪֵĵĶҲ뽫ˡ
ڵƴǽˡ
ѿƴǺ˵òڣϵӾ£Ǯ˼ҵүͷ֪ҲǲǮ֡
ǡ
֪ΪʲôͷƴǺ˵֮£ǾĪķУȻڿԼǳЦģϷдĸ֡
߲ƣ
Ѿܾöû˸ŵˣȻֵСѾͷ
ڿǰƴǽˣͷ˸žĿ⣬ϧƴǵٶҪ졣
ͷҪ뿪طʱƴǼûһ㣬ֱӳͷ֡
һһңֱӽͷסˡ
ֻͷɫ˲Ƿֱƴǵ֣ͼѿ˵ǺСѾͷһģ
ʵĻȴƶ
ʵͲСѾͷԼߵʱͷ˲Ծϵѷر׺İѩˣˣһЩԺյˡ
һƶ˼ǶȻ书ǿ˹˿ŮģѰ˼ҵĹӺС㴩޳л࣬Ůǲģ
ƴǺ˸ճԼ֮ڵʱͷ㴧ɻĿƴǺƴǡ
Ҳ˵һģһò־Ϊˣ˺Ѻӵġ
ѺеϰߣµķʽҲͷһӱϳǵݣǺСѾͷһġ
ӡ
ԭʶľƴǺ˲ô򽻵˱㲻⣬ҪջԼĶЩ̯ؼңû뵽ƴ˵ĶҪ죬ֱӽͷסˣ±ɻҲǳ׵ûˣͷ˲˺죬ŵԼϢСѾͷһˣҷĿȷĳԼġ
СѾͷֻȲ̽һȴ
ֻտʼʱͷδŲ𴩣Ҫ˵ҪʲôŻһٶĴŵԼ
ڼȻƴǺѾ¶ǵʵĿģͷҲûбҪټװȥˣ
ͷ֪ͷһ׺ƭˡ

1485 ٶ뼤Ľ2

1485 ٶ뼤Ľ2
Ҫʲô
Ҫ컯֮۸һϹͷͷ۾Ŀ˸Ž⡣
Ȼ˵ģڱԼֻһƽߣǴƣͷȴǰûƴǺˣͷϣ˼ǿʤ
ǵͷҲûа㺦ƴǺ˵ģ
ƴǺ˵ȷ߲ƣͷֱһûȻĵҳӡ
ǣⲢͷͻẦƴǺˣ
ͷǹ𼥷ЦݣЦŵĿƴǺ棬ǳǵǵΪȻĿ֮¶һ˼ҳ֣ɻʶʲô͹𣿡
ڶְĵ̯طʲô¶û
ƴǽȴɷ˵ǰԼ֣ܵ˶۾ģѩִƾƴǷŶԼ֣ǿֱӽɹٸˣ
ͷǳƴǽˣȴڰͼƴǺ˵κ˵Ķ书
ϻռƣһʱ֮ͷƴǺסֶãʵ
ͷһŻ𣬺޲ֱӳֽѵ֪ˡ
ǡ
¡
ͷҲҶ
֪ôİɣ
ȽͷƴǺЦⲻģɫȻĿͷ˼ңû˼ֻЩҪѯһ˼ңԻҪͷ˼Ҹһˡ
ģǾԲ˺İȫģֻҪҪʵ֮Ǳ㵱ſ㡣
ͷĿƴǣżߣֻҪң
˵ıҳĺ˵̬ڿţвͷ
ͷŭţͷҲ˴뱲ˣҲΪϧвң
ҪҵĿʵйҪʳ⣡
İɣ˵ʲôǵģͷ̬ȼ˵ʲôҲƴǺ˵ͷ
ǰԼ̬ȣҲǲܵģ
ƴ໥һۣƴǱ˵˼ңǲҪв㣬ǿ˼ֻΪʵ˼̫书ǿǲֵĻӰѾʧǵ߷Χ֮ˣʱҪһ⣬ֺοǵѯһЩأ
˼ǵĻǵû˼Ҫֻʲô˺飬ҲûбҪվòĽͣ԰ɣ
ƾ˵ĴҪƴǺ浱ҪͷĻͳֱӽͷˣֺαػ˷Ѵĺͷأ
ͷɻ˸ϵƴǺϴţ̽ƴǺ棺ƾʲôĻ
˭֪ǵʲôأôץңҪͷҪ֪ش֮ȴǱ䱾Ĺأ
ͷĿƴǺˣȻǶ˵ĻûаֵΡ
ԣƴǵҲǲЦЦõɣ˼ңΪ˱ʾǶ𾴣ͱʾ˵ĻʵԣԸſֻһҪӦǲҪܺͶˣǻشǵ𣿡
ͷԸĻȻǸӲͷƴǺץסͷҲǵòԼҪĴ𰸣ǿãֻת취ͷͷˣ
ƴǲŻͷ룬Ҫȡͷ֮ͬ£ڿѯҵ飬ԲŻǨͷ
ͷǺɵ񣬿ƴԾżĲãȷʵ֮ǰ̬Ⱥˣ˼ַܣУȷſңҲŻǵĻ
һ̸
⣬Ҫ̸ֲԼͷν̬ȡ
ǲ˵ĵӲĺô
üĽĿͷصƴǣɵЩģͷһͲǷӣҪƴǷҪͷĻܿǻᱻͷһңԼƭˣ
ҪǰԼĽͷſˣʱͷûлشƴǺ⣬ʧӰ٣ǿɾ͵Ҳˣ
޶ûеطȥˣ
治ƴǽͷſƴȷʵ̬ƶصĿǸͷٶظ˵С
˵㻰

1486 ٶ뼤Ľ3

1486 ٶ뼤Ľ3
¿԰Լ˼ſǷſ֮˼ҲԼʵĻشǵ⣬Ȼķڡ
С
ͷԸĵ˵ͷһ˵Ľǳ״ˣƴǹȻͬŵǰɿ֣Ҳƴǵʾ֮£ЩԸؽͷһֻҲſ
µõɣͷųʹ󣬿ǺܿģϵıȴǷ˽Ȼͬת䣬֮ǰǰΪѣЦŵĿƴǺ棺ðð
˵ȷ˵㻰ֻϧͷһϲҪЮͷҺҪʲô⣬ͷĿеõ𰸣
ͷҧǴмô仰
£ͷֱȣƴǺӦ֮£ѸٵسŶȺ˹ȥľСĻƾƴǺṦ»ܿı㽫Լ׷ϡ
׷ϣͷҪ˦ƴǺҲʮֵѣͷȴǾسȺȥǸں׷ĵƴǺѶȡ
ЩֵȺȻõϣסƴǺȥ·
濴Ѿһ̶ʧӰٵͷɵú޺޵ҧƴ㿴
֪ͷᰴԼȥ㻹潫ſˣ
ǿô죬ȥͷ
һΣͷȻǱʵͲˣ״򲻶ļڶְڵ̯ȻǺǲ׵顣
ºˡ
˹ͷʱ򣬾ȻҲǱͷˡ
εıţҪǻ棬ҲǻԶԶĲٳˣƴô뵱Ƕȥҵˣ
ƴȴгؿ棺㣬ȱżٽ轫ͷſô߳˳أ
ϵķŭͻȻסĿ΢ĿƴǣͻȻƴǻеˣ
ðСӣ
ԭһ֣ƴǴӼͷĵһ۾֪ͷĹܣǲƵۿһ˫˸ӣҲ˵ͷúƣȨ֮£ƴǱֻܳ²ˡ
Ϊƴ֪εвͿͷǲܳɹĵõԼҪĶΨõַҪͷģȴΪͷĻͷں޷֮³ڵĵطȥ
ҵˣǸйϵˣܹ֪˹ҪҵĴڣֺΣգһȥұžˡ
ֻҪƴǺͷ󣬱ܳɹҵҵ·ڣǸʡʡˣ
Ҳ㲻ÿѯͷܵõйҵˡ
ֱ˵ѯʣҪܾҪеѻ⣬ֱַЧģ
濴ƴǵв˼־壬ŲĹ򣬱ƴǳɳ˺ܶ࣬ȵ˼ЩԼƭȥˣ
ĵܹܵȻǳˡ
ԼƴǵһĴֻ΢΢һĨȣеĿȴǲҷɣ㣬ٹſҵĻôҵļƻܾҪʧˣǸͷҲҪԶˣ
ϵЦݽȥ
£ƴǱṦǸͷܵķ׷˹ȥ淴Ӧ֮Ǹƴǵ
ܶṦ˵ӰҲͷѸٵȺд
㶫ֵЩȴЩԼƴǵǰɰʲô飬ܶٶȼ죬һ˺Ǹͷ֮ľ룡
Ǹͷڸ˵⣬ΪԼ˦ƴǺʱǰͻȻֲʵӰסԼȥ·ͷϻδüŵЦݱĽڴǡ
ͷɫҲ
üһ
ݺѩô꣬û˸ҸԼһףһˣҪͷ䣬ǾԲܵ飡
ͷĿֱ̧Ųʵؿڴ˹ȥʵѾͷֹģ֪ͷı£ڿͷԼֵʱ˲䣬ʶܡ
ͷ¶˵óѵЦݣŲʵóĳٶȵṦǳڱ˹ȥͬʱĹ򣬲ʵŷӦԼͷļˣ
ҪԼֻҪԼȥˣ
ڲʵ׹ͷʱƴǺӰҲǴӺ׷˹ĸͷسǰ׷϶ͷǰıš
ǻˡ
ͷݺô꣬ͷһα׷ǱۼǺܿٶȱƿȺֵĶ֣ܿıյ˵Ľֿڣ

1487 㿴һ

1487 㿴һ
ƴǺɫ΢΢˱䣬໥֮䣬Ҳǿ˱˴˵Ҫ˵Ļʵþȫĸ˵
ͷäĿ߹հ˹գ侲㲻ѷͷʵڰһĹɳŽͷСڱȥƴǵҲǲɵ¶ϲЦݡ
ۼԼҪҵҵ·ھҪͷĴ֮ҵˣ
ҲŽ
˲˿׷ͷٶɼ죬ȴʼպͷž롣
ټӿһЩٶȣֱӽͷƴǺȴǰĵظͷ
ʼձһľ롣
ָоͺǡ
è׽
ǵģè׽
ǰⱼŵͷ󣬶ͷƴǵˣè
һٶȺͼĽ
ͷۼŻؼҵ·ھǰԼҪֱӳڱŹȥʱȴͻȻס˽ŲɫҲ֮ḻʡ
ȻĲĲԾˡ
СӣȻһ֮ôΣ
ı£ͷͻȻס˽ŲûмǰŻؼҵķ˹ȥվںͬսǣƱĵƴǹ
żĲҪʲôȻң
ͷ˸ź⣬һƴǺļˣҪԼҲûģֱ˳źͬսǻصԼļңǽҲصԼļˣ
ȻǼҲƴǵĳֱ֣ǣűߵĸоҲͷúǲãϾ˭Ҫ㱻ƵĻﲻʹģοͷһˣ
ı۸ˣ
Ƚ֮ǰͷǲˡ
Ҫ˵Ҫʲô
ۼŻһͷҪյԼҵĺͬˣȴͻȻͣƴ˵ϲɵóһĨźǺܿƴǱ㽫ĨźѹȥصؿͷҲֹס˽Ų
˼ңǽܶ˵ûб˼ֻҪڣҪҪȥҰˣʵΪ̫أ˸Ͳ֪ҵڣûа취ǴϢϣŽ˼ϣ
ǺʱҲҪһһʮͬ˵ûиǻᡣ
ƴЩԩ
ҪͷǺ˵Ļ˭û¶Ķ˵Ϳʼʹ̵˺ü
˭Դûë
ƴǺòͷ̬ΣԸӦǵҪƴǺ涼ûаֵĳԲѷ
ȷҪͷƽͺúģͷҲҪϸǻа˵ľֱӳżܣôûа취ƴǺҪҵڣֻܸͷһ·˹ˡ
ʵҲ㲻ǽܶͷֻ˵ͷ̫ǽܶҲǳ֮²ѡ
ң
Ǽ׷ͷҺü֣Ҫ֪ڣҪȥʲôǸͷϵı鱾Ͳãƴ㿪ֱ˵ԼҪҵʱ򣬱ǼҪʲô
ʵӰҴңƴǵɫҲǺܺá
û뵽ͷòṦȴ˵ĸһͬ׷صĹͷһܼͷ档
Ҫֻһ׷ͷĻڵȫϤ£ҪͷӰڶѡ
λ˼ҡ
ƴǾƽԼԼϢһؽеö˳͵ͷǰǵҪ飬Ҫҵҵĵ˳ģҲΪЩʱҲйԲðһҰæģ֪˼ҿɷʶö塣
ܲܿöķϣи㣿ƴ̬ȳϿҡ
˵ĹƴǱ㽫Ľ׽Լö͵ͷǰǾϸֺǷͬһ㣬Ȼûκιҵı־ƴţͷҵˣߵϤҵˣһϵöģ
ʵ֤öȷǱǧҪõĶˣ
ȻԭƴǺ˺ǲõͷڿƴݹöʱ򵱼ɫ
ԭǳټҵˣȻˣǱɡͷ˵Ľ¶ƴǵǰҲܣϵıҲǱƱҪƴǺܶ˴·
ͬģͷҲǱƴǺ˽ȥ
ԭǳټҵˡ
ͷʶö壬öҲ֪ģ

1488 ʧˣ

1488  ʧˣ
ʵͲ̽ϢȻûдͷݷͬһ㣬
ֻǷͬһ㣬ӦźҪĵλģ
ȻƴǺϻδüЦݵʱȴͻȻסŲ˼ңǻͬеҪһȥңͬеҲǺҪ˼ԵƬ̣ȥ˴֮󣬱ֱͬ˼һȥ˵⣬𣿡
ƴǿɲֻǺһģڿջлеԼأ
ðһš
ƴ˵ʲôĽֻԼһ˶ڿջУȴǺͷȥң
ͷ룬ƴϵıȷϿңԥŵ˵ͷаɣеƵķݶϣӦôҪҲ֡
ǶҪ㣬ˣͷͲˡͷ̯̯֡
ҪǻĶ˵ˣͷ˵ʲôӦģǡƴеö塭
ȻǷ˼ҵ飬ҪһЩġ
Ƿŵ̬ƴĻҲûʲô
õͷ׿ϣƴǵЩϲģæĳͷڵлǣǣǣл˼ң
ƴǵϲɵ¶ϲЦݣĳͷ˹֣л˼ңǱȥˣ
ƴǺ໥һʵͬͷߡ
ΪƴǺ浣ͷٶȳԷͷȻЩǼȻԼӦõ飬ôһᷴڵġ
һ㣬ƴǹŵġ
ΪʵûбҪеĵʦڵ»صջУʱһ˸ע⵽Ͳˣ
ƴѸٵŲĽŲſջɱȻصջʱȴͻȻջǱѰϢƴϵıҲű˻֡
ȽõҪڿջලͱֻĲȴʧ١
ˣ
ƴǵʱһ
úõĲôܻʧǡ
ǿջֻˣ
ƴǵĵ˼֣첽̤ϿջУѰֻĽŲҲǲɵüӿ죬Ȼƴǵֻķ棬Ŵ򿪵ʱĸһ˲뵽˹ȵס
š
ƴǵɫҲǱòҰ
ǡ
ʲôʲô
֮ǰƴǱ㺦ͼӽֻʲôıġ
ĽֻһطֲģǵһңʱֻжԼˣ
ԲŴӦ飬û뵽ֻǳȥǸͷôĹջб⣬ȻŲɸ˵ܡ

ȻԼѪ֮׶֣ܶ
ƴһҲûı߬ȭͷڵ˫˲Ѫ졣
ۣ֮
ۺ͵ֻ߱
ֻû˵ʱ򣬱ҪʲôҪʲôƴǶ˳ᢣŲæĵԼ·š
ڡ
ȻҶֻ֡
ôǻȥߣƴҲҪֻҳҽ˺ֻЩ˸ʬΣ
𺳵Ŀջпյķ䡣
ǲ˰ʱ䲻¥»һ࣬ǧ;ʱ̹עֻĶ
ôôˣֻʱȫʧأ
˭ﱾ˻˶Ի֣Żڰ·಻ʱֱӲźۼؽջеһ˾ˣ
ƴǣ챾ҪȰ˵ģκȰ˵Ļȷʵ˵ʲô˵
ԼֻܵĿأҲֻ֪ƴ˵ζʲô
ֻ֮ǣ㲻ֻƴǣҲǹⲻȥǵǵġ
Ȼ
ʱȴͻȻƼ﷿䵱ǸװѪƵĴƿѪơ
Ѿˣ
ҵ˽⿪ѪƵİ취ˣ
ƴǣ㿴
治ɵĿ𺳵ĵǴƿԱߣҼٵĻƴǵ֣ڻǰȫģ
㿴ɢݣ
ߵʱֻļ򣬸ֻʲôʲôΣգʲôΣ£ʱ֮ûа취ŸƴǺԼʱ򣬱Ҫ취ӡǣ
ô
ɢŵݣǻǵӡǣ
ԣƴǷŭ⽥ָƽȣͬĿĵĶеݣתͷҪ뿪ȴǱֱ˵ĸץסˡ
˻δѩҲ֪ͻѩǾڣǻȴѩǵʧˣΪˣ˭

1489 һ

1489 һ
Ƭ֮䣬Ѿȷжϡ
ѩҲҵĵϣҵĵϳ£ģһ˭
ʱ淴ǲˡ
ΪȻһ˵޾ĻѻʱҲȻǻһ滰ģ˵ѻľ衣
ټ٣˵˶ѷֵʲô棬ʲôǼ٣пȥƭˣ
ӦǶԼΨһһʵǣﵱҪо⿪ѪƵĽҩġ
һ·ûбҪǰĸʱ䣬ֶ롣
ȻеҪƳ⿪ѪƵĽҩѪƵģôȻ粢һ·ˡ
ԡ
ΨһĿԾֻС
ҵ˴˻
Ϊʲôҵ˻ͻ֣Ͳö֪ˣ
ҪԵ֮󣬲Ѱ˸̽һҵĿģ
ȸǸͷȥҡϣƴǿܣôǵöڵģûʲôݺҵ飬ܲһǰŵɱ޹
ƴüĽЩĻٶȿȰ˵ǲŲѵǧ;Ҳ𣿡
ǴС͸ߵģ
ǷŲڿջͱֻģͬƴҲǽԼŵŷֻԣ˫صıա
򣬰ƴСĽԸ񣬶ֻӵĳ̶ȣôܻʲô׼ֱӷֻһڿջ
ԣֻƴǷϽüšĸˡ
վֵ֮£ƴǽ߬ŵȭͷɿ˵ͷͬİ취
ٶȻصǸͷǰ
Ŷ
˵Ҫ˹𣿡
ô
˲ˣͷЩֵƴǣеĸܵƴԾɢĵˡ
ͷ֮ôڣҪڳƴǣֻΪԸʹȻϾҲͣС۵ĺͼ󱲼ǳ
ƴǺ濪ڣͷ㾶ԵĿ˵Ҳģŵ֮㽫ҪҵǸ˵ǲҵ˺ȥˣ
ƴīɢһĨϲ
ͷһ仰ǴӦƴҪһһֳŵ
ҪǻǱҵ˸ߵĻͷôһ仰ҲǱ֤˻İΣǻǱҵ˸˵Ļ
ôͷ仰ѩڣҪҿϰæӦѰҵĻҲǽʡ˺ܶʱͶԻΣı֤ƴܲˣ
ͷƴ㷴ӦҲǸ¶Цݹˣ˵ˣץȥɣ
Ȼ˵ĻǽȥŶ
ͷٶȵṦŽͷսǱȥƴǺˣҲǵȺͷһ˵ٶҪ֮ǰ졣
֮ǰΪ˦˸٣ͷڹ·ڲһͷҪңٶȣ̵·̣
ƴеֻİΣӰͲ˲תƵңֱѯһҵûпֻĴڣ
˸¡
ͷǴƴǵ˴ֵĳ֣һ·˽⣬Īİ󼸵˵ӰͣһʯԱߡ
еĿ⾯裬ƴеĿҲǸɻ
ˣˣ
ͷδֻͣǵȻĳƴʾ⣬󣬱ɫȻĳǾʯá
¡¡
֨¡
ڼֵĿͷ֪ͷҪʲôʱ򣬷ǱͷùľʯȻ𺳺ɻ֮£ƶңǾʯ֮£ȻĴˡ
һţ
һûˣ
Ŀ⺧ȻжʱˣΪʲôҵǿ󣬵ѩȴأͨİոͲ֪ڣԭ
ҵĸۡڣȻı£
ھʯ֮ڣҲȻ֤ҺǮǾ仰
ʯ˺ƴҪʯ涯ֽţ佨һźͽҸۡڣһţôľʯ涯֣ʾҵĵˣֺοҸۡıأ
ϾʯԽҪ˹Խˣ
ǸĿզɣ
߰ɣ
ͷٶȿڣӰȽ뵽˾ʯУƴǺˣҲѹסеľȣ첽ĸͷ󣬾ڼ˵ӰʯĵصеʱǰſڵǿʯԶĻصԭλֻһȻγɵĵʯͷ
˭֮Ƕ뵽ʯ棬Ǭİɣ

1490 ֻʣǮ

1490 ֻʣǮ
һ·ӵͨ뵽ҵĸۡڼкܶѵصҵǣڼͷʱҪкģƼͷ֮󣬱ֻĬĬĵͷװ˲ʶģ
Ҳǵһˡ
֮ǰͷõʱҲǻĪ˻һֱңֻдɻȴǲǰȥѯʵġ
Щ·ͷˣοƴǺ˵ȴǶ˼־ϲ
Ͼ
ƴǺ汾òڣ󣬼ֱһ㻨ѩµͻȻңǻЩҵĺ̲סҪһ˵ݵġ
ƴǺĸͷһ·ӵͨߵҵĸۡǰ˵Ȼû̫ı飬ȴЩ̲סµĴ
ǵ˴Ժ֡
Ǯ
Ǯ
Ѱͨĸ˼ң˲ŽõĶˮָĻʹҵĸۡǰûпԱ
иûʵĻʹͱúǺˡ
Ƚϡ
ԿҵĲƴ֡
Ǿ䣬ֻʣǮˣ־ڵİɣ
ֻװεĸ󣬱ǵطҲǺǿ
Ҫ֪ڵģǵ£
Ҫڵϣܽ㣬ƴǺֻǻ΢΢̾ǾԲ𾪵ģصҵĸۡǴ˵£ǺҪĴˣ
Ϻ͵µ֣ǹ˹棬Ҫ˫֮࣬ڵ´һ磬ķѵѪҲǶȻͬһģʵԵĸ̾Ǯð
ҪôǮҲͲǳʲôطԺˮǸطȳˣ
ֱӴʴʵ˦ӹȥ´ˣ
˸ʱǽĳȣ˺͹ĸۡͷסŲЦӯӯĿƴǵˣˣҪҵ˾ˣͷҴӦǵѾˣѾǹˣ
ʣµôȥҪԼıˣ
£ͷһ̶ʧˣƴ˵ĻᶼûС
Ȼǲټƴˡ
˼ҡƴû뵽ͷȻٶʧ˵ǰѾ׵ҲͷټˣʵȵϷѡ
ǺصĴţһʱ֮ϵıЩأΪǸͷæҵĵ˴ŽĻ˵Ҳǻ࣬æѰֻҲͷӦ飬û뵽ͷȻŵĨߵô죬ºˣƴǺ澹Ȼ˵ĻᶼûˣֻӲͷƤǺصĴ˹ȥ
֨һ
ǺصĴű򿪣ѵصҵȻӴؿƴǵ˹֣֪ʹӺζ뵽˵ǴүڴеŽӼλ͡
ͷƴǵ˴ҵʱ򣬱Ѿ˵ڻ㱨ǰϢҵĴүڴ֮׼õӭͷЩˡ
߰ɡƴǺ໥һۣϵؾǱ˴˿УȻ鵽һڶҵǸүƢĥ͸ҲҪɰչذ£ƴǺҵĵӵָ»˴֮ڣڴ֮ڵĸûʵİǼֲˡ
ֻƴüĽĿŴ֮ŵλɷǵˣҲǴ˵еҵĴүοڲźá
ðŴŻҵĴүĪҪ˼Ƭ̣ƴǱ㹰˹ȿڵǲ׵˻δƴ˵ĻᣬֱĿڣȻ֪ðţôΪλҪӣ
ǣһɫῴ
ҴүƴǵνԶ׼ˡ
ƴϱ΢΢ЩΣƴǿڣֻ׵ҴүٶȿڣˣȻˣʲôϽ˵˵˾͸Ͻߣҵʱ䣡
ҪͷģҴүǲ˴Ž
ǵģͷҲ֪һæʲôǸذ˴ңǵʲôطˣ
ȻǮҲںһ˵ĳԴöȣҴүĪĲˬ
ƾʲôϹôЩ飬ģͷȴʲôȻԵõȥԼϲȥ£ʵ˱ˡ˲ɵüѽ
û취ҴүҽԼĲʹͷǰ˵ֻܾôĬĬţҡйͷЩǡϣ

1491 

1491 
ԣƴǲɵôǳ˳飬ͷǻīߣ⻹ǡ
һ˲һŰ±˿ͷҴүҵһ㣬˵ʱ̬ȺһޣҪûиͷ̵ĻһΪҴүǶŭˣ
ҺǰͷӴ֪˵ʱе̬ȣԼͽģƴǺҲû
ƴٶȽԼŵö˳ҵĵӽҴүǰ
һҪҴүæԲŻðšƴ̬ȳϿң˵껰֮㾲վһԲֻĿעҴүɻ֮½öϸĶı顣
һʱ֮֮ڵЩء
ƴǺ治˵ĵȴҴүڣҴүҲصĶŵö塣

屻һԡ
ҴүӸµĿƴǺˣϵıǲãȻǿϣƴѾǺˣüеĲͷȴ˿Ķڲزס
һ֡
ġ
ͺһһᶼڸߴģȻ˱Լݱ΢˵ʱǻ̲סһָ˵ĸо
ǹģʹȻ
ʶĻֿ
Ͼ
ΨһĻ壬ûˣȴƿĹȨƣǵУǵĹĻʵΣ
Ǯǵʹĥġ
еǮҪʲôûУ
Ҫո׵ͷ㷢ӾͿˣҪӣɶֳɶֵȥؤ̱ѵصʿɣܶ˻Ϊû˶Ҹеɱʵҵĺһ㶼Լˡ
ڵ״̬
ǲߣڵ£źô޵װβ֮ҵӹǲǲҪʲôʲôҪʲôʲôҪһĻʵңĶˡ
ΪʵۻҪʱΪյҪСź󹬵ĶǣҪСӦЩĻĴ󳼡
ܵУ裬ҲǾҵġ
ҵĴүȴȻԵãлԺӵȨơ
ƴǵʱһʵӦù뷨
ԭǳټҵ˰˵ɣôҵҵҪʲô飬ֻҪһǴԸ
ҪӣҴүҲϳУǺˬĽضһԣĿƴǵϣƴǿڣԹԵĴţǿ˵Ҫʲôϡ䱦ҲܿԺҿͷеģǱֱӴ߾ˡ
ҪûУṩֺȥҵȥѰ
ŶˣӦǻҪҩİɣ
ҵղ˲ٵҩģҷҲǷùûʲôãֱ˴ȥⷿԼһˡҴүûиƴǺƴ˵ĻᣬǾԵľԼҪ飬ѸٵػַԸ˽ƴǸȥ
ҼҴҵ֦ҶïҪ˺ܶ࣬ɲǸͷ˦ʲôܣеĵۣŻǴ˻
кܶ鶼ҪӦûʱ˷ƴ˵ϣ£Ҵүֱ뿪õУһҪ
ҪҸǸͷĽһ£ԺҪҴĪˣǻ๤ѹġ
Ҵү΢΢뿪ʱƴȴͻȻֹסҴүȥĽŲǲǳټҵˣֻǳټҵˣ׵ĹϵŻὫöҪģҲҩĺ䱦Ǯһүæ
ƴǣĻϡƴǳҴү˹֣ҴүԭĵĿƴԱŵʱϵıҲ̲ס֣㡭ƴǣĻϣ
̵ļ仰˵ƴǵݣٿҴү΢΢ŵüģƴǱ֪ҴүԼ֪ԼĴڵġ
Ҳǡ
ȻٹǿٹĿˣҲ֪ܲĹĻ˭ĻϡһֱƴǼݣʱЩ;ƴϱɣ׼ҴϿڵʱȴͻȻҵĴү䲻˵һ˲Ļ
Ȼǳټҵˣųټҵʲô
ټҪʲôֻóټҵ˹Ժ˵ˣʲôط߾ߣ˭ع𣿡
ǵģʲô˰
ƱҺĸлټңҪټҲģû뵽ټȴˣ
ǲǶ̫ˣ

1492 һ

1492 һ
ž˾ú
Ҫ֪ټôûòκ˲֮󣬾ӦֱӸǮģһʲô壬ƽ޹ʵĶô鷳
ϣ˵ƴǻˣǻϹô˵㲻ʲô
˵䲻ôˣҵĵϣ͵͵ĽƴǺ˸дˣĹ֮ҪҵۼһѵɣҴүƴǵϣǳǲ˫Ӵڵġ
Ϊϣȴö֮һ˫ӵĽ㣬ҪǱİ֪ϵĻλҲɣ
Ŷԡ
Ҵϻæĸ˿ڣ㱾ѾǳĻˣӦ̫ϻʲǣڳĻĴӡ
£ҴүϲɵһĨЦݣǽƵĿƴǺ档
仰ǽƴǶµõİ仰˵ķ
ҵ˹Ȼûһʡ͵ĵƣǸͷѾǺǵӦˣû뵽ҴүȻǸͷӶֻ࣬Ƕ̶̵ļ仰ƴǺҪ
ǰ˵ڳһֱҪܻ飬ǵĸûлİճĽĴڣֺοڵƴأ
ʵƴҲһֱһᣬҪݹڣֻϧ̫࣬ƴǾʹ˳Ļٳûкʵ˵ڣֻôҴүĻ˵ĹȻûдҪƴ˫ӵݱİ֪Ļ»ٵķͻȻĶżӰġ
ƴǵǵԼĻλֻǵĳĲȵʱ򣬻˺¶ˣʱ򣬿ɱǳ˴ˣ
ƴǾĿסԼƢͳɳƣȴϵسҴү˵˫ӵҲᣬҴү˼ʶ㣬Ӧףûʲôҥ˫Ӳ꣬ôһ˵ֻǳİ̫ţŻ˫ӡ
ΪʲôƴųټҵҵңʵΪƴ˵ĻԳ˵ҪҶ˵ҪҪҵ˵Żôġ
ң˽ö彻ټҵ˵еʱ򣬲û˵岻תɣƴǺʯһ˫
һΡ
ƴǷΪʤռȨˡ
ˣȷҵ˽ټҵģû˵岻ܸˣҳһ壬Ľ׵ľģķƴϽҴүǰһ
˳ˮ۵飬ëˣ
ټҵһҽֻҽβˣףⲢҲˣҴүжŭɷҲƴһԣپҪҪӦƴǵĻҲٰɣ
ƴ۾
Ͼˡ
˵ټҵҩգֻҪһѲҩоõĻǲԲҲóټҵ˾úǸˣֻǳĽĸףүүүү̫үүˡ
ȴһ
ȻôԻλδ뷨Ҳ֣֣ܰһˣλĻλ׵ĽͻȻƶˤ䵽̶
ϾǵΨһĻ塣
ң¹ҲϣǵĻʳܹٶȸٰɣ
Ҵүصı֮£ƴǻؿڳҴүٶ˵ʱ򣬱᣺֪үŹһ˵֡
硣
˻
ƴǱ˵֮󡭡ҵĴүɫ͵һԼľĲ輸ɱڵĿƴǡ

ʲô
ҪΪǳ̫ϻʣϷûа취Ϸͺһֻһ򵥣ŲϷھ˿ǶͷȻʬȥι
ƴǿ磬ǱˣǰҴүĶӣ磬ȻѾȥ˶꣬Ҵүȴҧгݣ޲ܽʬˣֻϧҲ֪ǲʲôطǲһһˣҲʼնûҵټ
ûа취Ųˣֻû뵽ô꣬ҴүҪǸӸǵʱƴǺȴͻȻҴүǰ˵֣ʲô˼
Ƶĺòã
֪ǸǱ׷ɱˣȻҴүǰö֮
ɱ⡣
һɱʱҴүɢҴүƴǺҲ˼֡
ҴүϲǸµ
޲۵Ƶģ»ˣˤˣҪǱǣҪժ
ǸҲûһһ츳߳ģŽҴүü˲٣
û뵽ǸãȻҶԼĸ֣ɱҴүϲŮˣ
Ҵү޲õ㶯ֱӽǸСɱˣҪظĸһֱڻ磬ﻹſ񣿣
ͺ޵ҧгݵģ
Ҵү˷ŭƴǺϲûаֵǲɵϲҴү˼Ǻ磬ôҪ򵥵ĶˣĻǻĵҴүվͬһսȥԸԼߵˡ
Ҫǰæ磬ɾͺˡ
Ͼ
ҴϵģǺܿЩģ
ҴүˣǹҪҴүҲҪҹȥֻ뽫һЩ߸ǣȻľ
ԣҴүϵıŻ֪࣬Ŀ˵
ŶԣǼȻ֪֣ȻҲС䣬˵ɣСʲôطϷȻҪǧУƽϢϷеŭ
ҴүڶصλϣҲɨƴǺϡ
ʵүڵѾǴǰˣŵ书ǿ֮⻹ƹƳ棬˲ٵˡҲ˲ٵˣ
˻
ƴ˵ڵʱ׵Ҵүɫȴ΢䣬ĿҲǸ
˵ʲô
ںϷʲôЦɻڽƴ˵ЩЦ
ĪǾϷܺƭ
ϷԼĶϷ֪ܲʲô𣿾ȻϷʹϷǰЦǵھڣϷ㲻ôǲǣ
˭ѽ
ǿҶķѽ
ҪҲᵼҴүԼԭϲϱŮˣںҰķ
ʲôҴүǻɻҶϵãҲ֪ģû뵽ƴȻԼ˵ظ书ǿʲôʲôŵ
һ仰ҴүĶڽЦһôͿĸͷӣΪҵ˵Ǻ۸ɣ
ôԼ˵ظѾõɣѾأ
Ҵүǵ涯ŭˣ
浱ԼǺƢǲǣ
ˣ
⼸˸ȥ

1493 Ҫ

1493 Ҫ
ҴүŭشԼλԱߵĲ豭ֱӱˤ˵ϡ
ž
Ĳ豭ⰲĴҪԵøĴ̶ҿҴүǰŭģ޲õ㽫ƴǺˡ
ǳĻϺ͹ô
ҵǰǲϰˣȻһٶսԼһҴү˵ʲôҲԸˣ
ߣųټҵƣ⵱ĻԵ˵ģҲȨֳŵڣҪԼ
ԼвʹĻΪʲôҪΪԼȥȫأ
ǿߣ˵͵λ
˭ǿƣ˭ʸ˵ҪҪԼ
ˢˢˢ
Ҵүŭ֮ͻȻҵӣųֱָƴǣ滹вʵˣһǴһҪֵļơ
ƴüĽĿҴүɵкɡ
ǿܳΪҵĵˣҲԳһȺͱµģλ֮²ţʧȥǡ
˹ķӦǽ֡
ƳƴһۣǰʢŭҴүѾ˲ˡ
ǵȷųĽ׵ƹҪҵţȴҲǷҪҵ˲ɣͻԼλߣһٶĸɫ
ûò
һֱţڡ
ڿЦ˭ڣӢü֮µһ˫ڵ۾Ŀ⡣
õĳĻϣ²Ҳ湬Ĺ˼Ҵүп΢΢ĴڣҲԲֿ˵÷ִˡ
οƣòԵĹҴү̬ȣѵҲƴ֣Ĵ֮𣿡
˵ҴүΪǲԶĹǰΪֻͬЦɣԸǵĻԸǿĵز洽ǹһĨЦиͳ
ҴүУǽֻ΢΢ǣͬģƴǵУҪΪҹ̲ܽϳӻ¾ǹҵǰҲǲϵġ
㿴ң˭֪ҵǲ㣿
˲ҪҸо̫á
ûб³µĹôֱ˵ˣŪôûʵĽڣֽĿ˸ź⣺֪ûκ͵Сһ˵治ǳɲ£
˻
Ȼ棬ʳֻ֮Ҵүԭѿɫø屻¶Ҵүǰ
ԭΪҼҴҵǸ˵㻰ĵطû뵽Ϊ˷ھȻʲôڶõĳǲӦ鲻ˡ
ҪǲʱӦĳŵҲ˵ƴʵ̫Ȥǿˣ
ݵˣǹ벻ܣֱ˵˭Ҳ˵ʲôϻǿѡ
ôҲҵĵˣȻĺЦ˾ɣ
ƴߡĿڸĿĿһԶԼεڶӡ
ҴүҪڴ֮ѪɺӣǱ㾡֣ܶǽܶ㲻µһҪЩӾסǣ»Щѡ
Ҫ֣
Ӷ¿ʼͷһܵ˵衣
ô
湬ɲǳصģƼˣǾʹһ
ʦڽʱѾ˵ĺˣ˻һӣʲôίԼ˾һ
˿䣬Ʋ
ü֮ޣ˵ĻǽҴүµ
һȵ˼ŵĳ̶ȵʱҴүɫĻָҳΧƴԴҵǰ˰֣ȥɡ
ǡҵǹĳҴүѸٵʧƴǺǰ
ƴǺҲδ˵߾߶Ƕס˽Ųվԭء
˫˴˵涼Ҫǵˣ¶˭ãܹӮ
˴һ̨ףҲǶ˫顣
Ϊ߸е̬Ⱥѡ
á
ҪôҴүĿصطƴǺϣȴѾ˸ı䣬֮ǰǰɱȻ
ڵ̬Ȳġ
Ҵү̬ת䣬ƴƳһɳŵɫԲ˵ҪҴү֣һԸ硣

1494 Ȼ

1494  Ȼ
Ҳȥ޹˸˺
һǳ湬һǸ̳žԵʵǵȥԸ磬Ҳĵʵġ
˫ֵĻôҪ鶨Ȼ°빦Ƕ԰˺Сİ취ҪΪ˰գƴǺҲ׵Ĺͷ
ǵ鱨ûдĻᵽҴүˡƴǱĴǲɵùһĨȡ
˲ƴ֣ŵӸϹ˵ϢҴүĶĿֻҴүӦɻģΪŵĵӻ˴ģشų֣֪ڵѾȻһأΪĵơ
ƴǺ֣ʵǲŵˣ֮ǰҪɱŵˣԲŻҴүŭӦҴүܲʹϢɡ
ٹǿҵҲѪ֮
ֻˣɲҵĵӸ书ǿĽ֡
óȻôҵĻºǲңҲΪˣҴүŻ˲ȡ
磬ͲӦö飬ôһȻ͵͵֮ڣô껹ΪŵҪŵӽǵԼ
Ҵү˸ź⡣
ϷԲǸƣ
ӣϷϷȻҪɱˣİգҴүĬƬ֮˵ĻƴǺһҴү⻰˼
ǴƴǺĽ飬ӦһԸˡ
ƴǲɵòźۼһһˣܹûаˣ
໥һۣҴүҲ˼ԼĴ㣬˼졣
ֻҴүǾԲԴУţҪ֣ҲӦǶǸڸ·֣
ҴүжݺݵţȴǺƴǺȫλո·ҲˣǱϢһ°ɣϷٶλǰ̸һ¾ζԸǸ硣
ϷЩˣλҪ⡣
ֹЩ
ǺǼ
ҴүĿףƴǺҲͬһЦòԵĳҴү֣ĿѾɣҲûټȥҴүֻǿף֪־Ϣ֮󣬶ȻǻټҵЩ˹һ¾ζԸ磬ʱʵǲʺ˻ڳ
ǱҴүˡƴǵͳɳƵڣ˱תȥ
ƴǺҵĴ֮ʱ֮ǰ·ͷѾһѣмɷǵĳ˽ܶ˵ǰشƴǺǰԵĿڡ
ô̸𣿡
ӦǵҪ𣿡
Ȼͷһֲ´ģȻʱƴǺ棬ǶԽǺ֪ġ
òƴǺ泯ͷ˹ֻشҴү˵˻ῼһ£ҪȥͷϢȴϢ
ʲôѽ
ӦðͷƴǺĻش֮󣬲ֹ
öֵֻҪ̫Ϊѵ飬ҴүԥѡӦƴˣκεԥ
ҴүɵĻش˵ƴǺ˵鶨ȻСҪо¾
ƴǺĥ͸ͷݣǿŹͷģҵ̹ĳ̶ӦҲҪ˰ɣ򲻿ôһȴͷȥ
ûʲôҪȥȴ̹
йұҵ˵飬Ӧ˵ְɡ
ƴ׽͸ͷݣʵؿ˵ţȻͷ֮ҲǸűɫ
磬ôôϤأ
һʱ֮ȴ벻˭ˣͷüĽšϵıҲɻ
Ȼ벻˭ͷԺܿ϶˵ȷҵˡ
ϣǼԼҵˣǲ֣ǱҵһЩ֦ϡ
ʱðǿɲһܺõ顣
ͷתת˺ϵĵתЦЦˣǾͺúõĵŰɣܹǸһһĴ𸴵ġ
֮ǰͷȶҵĳŵ

1495 ׷ʲôˣ

1495 ׷ʲôˣ
£ͷЩؿƴǺ棺
мӦҪġͷ򵥵˵ô仰֮󣬱˫ֽģɢŲ
ƴǺͷ˵мҪ仰ʱԺʶ˵֡

Ȼҵ
ǲƴֵҰҪ̫ˣ
˽еݾϲѹȥֵͷ󣬶ڿͷУȻվϤӰһƴǻǣƣ޵ĵǣ

ƴǿ첽ǰֻǰڷеֻƴǵҲ쳣ļת֮ڵ˫Ѿˮƴǣ
ֻҲǵĵĲС
һԵĹͷž۵ģ̲ס򴽵Ц˳ô
ûʧɣ
ƴŷӦ΢żΣȿȡ
л˼ҡ
øлĻһҪ˵ҪôͷǷҲô׵žۣȻƴǵǧʣȴҲֻܽеǷݵǸѹȥͷԼĸл
Ǻǡ
ˣ֪Ƿž۲ףȺúõŰɣʲôҪֱҾˣ£ͷٶ˫ֱң뿪ˡ
ҲǿɫŲʵȥʱͿռƴǺֻˡ
ȥˣƴǽֻ֣ǵǣǻȥʱջһƬǽ壬һΪʲô飡
ƴǱŵòᣬΪֻ֣һֱУһֱڹԼΪʲô֪⣬ȴֻһ
ǡ
ڿֻȻģܡǶ˳£ﶯ֣ˣ

ֻ֪ƴеĵǣæİƴǣʱͽ֮ұһֱڿջоԸѪƵĽҩǸոҵ˽İ취ʱͻȻջгһЩ̿ͣ˵ŵĵӡ
ǲһ̽ϢģΪ˱ңЩŵĵӴ򶷣ʱպҵĵӹ
Щҵĵ˳ƾҺ˵ˡ
ֻīЩʪ󣬿ƴǵƾԲϲ
Ҫǣǹҵˣ
ҪǺ˵Ļֻ˵ʲôܱ˵ĺģƴǺҪҵˡ
ӦҵĻƴǺҲֻŻΪѵĴӦ
ƴǺٶȾҲô졣
ǵˣֻ΢΢ЩΡ
ƴȴȻЦЦ޳ָֻϣֻҪû£Ҿͷˡ
ԺһҪСġ
ƴǲĵĶţǻ˵֮ȴæĸ˿ڣԺҶ뿪Ұ벽ˣ
ƴǽĽֻڻУ°ֻĶͷϣǾ
ջصջʱ򿴼һӵǽ壬ƴǲҪˣҪغгİգƴǶȻֲڡ
ûãֻûг£ܻصԼߣԼеĽĽֻڻС
þãƴǱЩ˼ˣֻƿƴǡ
ˣ˿˲̫á
ʱƴҲǲŸոշӦ֮ǰֻ˵Щ˻˵Ѿо˶ԸѪƵĽҩ
ƺҪ˰ɣ
ֻͬЩĿƴǣصĵͷԣ
֪ôˣ
һֱĶҩ˳ͨƳ棬඼ҲõķƽҩֻļˣŽⲻǾͳǹƳ档

롭
Ǳײҵ˽İ취
ֻֽץƴǣЩҩڶҵߣھ⿪ϵĹƳ棡
ҪûڵĹƳĻƴǺݷ㶼ûκεĹǣź綯ֵʱҲͻ˼ֵ
ƴصĵͷ
һߣҲƴǺ뿪ջ֮档
棬ȴӢüšϵıȴûΪĻеɣԽ
ǲŵĵһ֮̽е飬ֻʹڿջ䵱С
ŵЩǰ׼ȷķ˵ڣǴ֣
ҵĵǣôֵôɺϣɲɵľֱӵǵǰһǸҡ

1496 ʹû

1496 ʹû
Ѿܵɺˡ
ôѻһ𣬾ͳı¶ԼλãȻҵЩӡ
ڵʲôʱ滹ȷǲôʼվèġ
϶飬˵ʲô׵ĸı䡣

ʹ
ҹ
޴ĺĻһŨīһ㣬Ļ΢ǹⶼûС
ϼҼڻʹڵĵУϼĵӵһǰ֣ȻҲڵŵĵӺǻϣʱж
һӰŨҹɫȻǱ˳Ļʹֶδˡ
Ȼ۲㽫Ƶ֮ϵıȴԽ
ĻҹŸ·ҪѰƴǺֻһԸ飬ǲ룬ӿų̻ʱ򣬳Ļʹ桭
Ȼûǵټ
ûڻʹС
ȥʲôط
ǧҲڣ
ЩΪݷʱҲǶƴǺǧ˽ˡ
˻ǴﵽӰĳ̶ȣҪǧڵĻʲôҪƴֻȥ졣
ǡ
ŵĵǺʲôܱӦ͹ƳҪģһʱ֮䡭
۾Ȼ벻ǿȥĵط
յ޵ſаȵϲ˼ǳȻüĽšŵ˲䣬չҲټյ޵ͣתŹⱼ˹ȥ
ǧǸƴǵߴʱѾڳˣ¡»ڵİɣʱ²ڣҲһϸԼεء
ȥԭͣĵطѰϸ꣬׼Ǵˣ
۵Ṧ
ڻʳլУ۸һԺ±
ʱϸѾ߸ߵ¡ԼĻ˯
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˭
ѹ¹ҫ£ĺ⣬ʱǶգָѩеպǱ䣬ȴ´ʱĿϼ֡
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µĻ£۵Ӱɫ¹⻺Ĵӽгµǰü֮£һ˫һ˼и
ã»ڣû뿪
ҪҲƴǼһʧ˵ĻǾ˵ǳˣ
»ڣ˵ƴǺֻ黹ûô⣬תصġ
ۻ̧ͷ䣬гµ֣
һģȻûн³׵ķɾ裬ǿ۵ʱĿȻû֮ǰǰ亮Ƕ˼ֺɡ
ǡ
ǧһֱǹһݵġ
֪ôص˲࣬һЩ׽ˣҲǶʶģǿǰģڣԼȻûӡ
ֻ֡
ԭŵɫȴڿɵ֮£³֣ȴʮ𺳵¡
ݷ㡣
ݷ㣿
˻
²ɵõһǰڵ꣬Ȼǡݷ㣡
Ǹ֮ǰڻȻ֮ʧ˵ݷ㣡
ԭò
ô˵ָ˼ˣ
µ𺳣Ⱦ֪ݷ㻳Ÿ书Ȼݲû뵽ݷ㱾ģȻľ
ˡ
󵽵׾ʲôŻܵôصˣɥʧ䣬ȥòǻʺһʱ䡣
»еĳԼɻʳڣͻȻʧϺͻʺкǵġ
ȥˣôͻȻҵǰ
ͻȻ·ϻָ˼䣬˺ҪҪȥֱ뿪ˡ
Ϊʲôͻϣ
۲¶ֻòԵĻشһԼ֮󣬱ǽԼĿʳڡ
»ĵ˵ͷԭˣҲѹ֡
ˣǹ⿴Ĵھ֪ݱȻʧô꣬һָ˼϶ҪȻؼȥԼģҲ֮еġ
Ϊͻʺ֮ĸɡ
Ͼ֮ǰݷֻά˵ǻȥҲΪˡ
Ϻͻʺ֪Ǹ˵ݣҹȥѩˡ¶ֻƴǵȥûаֵ
ҪǰˣԽ˼ɡ

1497 Ů˵ֱ

1497 Ů˵ֱ
ǰ˲һǰǶֻصݷ㡣
Ϻͻʺǰȥѩʱݷһ书ǿİҪùǹ¾սġ
ʵݷֻ䣬ۿЩȥѩ
Ȼ
ΪҪտĳûһСܷһȥѩбżˣҪݷܹȥĻԼҲǿԵķһЩˡ
Ǹ磬ҵˡ
Ǿʲôһֻ֪ͬһ㣬Ϻͻʺ·ȥѩҲϣҵ֣ܺһԸ磬ʤҲǻһЩġ¼̵Ľܵ
ԣϵı֣أֻǵ˼Ƭ֮㳯¹˹֣л
ݷȸˣ
£תߡ
Ѿֻ֪ƴڣЩ·ȥѰˣȻ˻ˡ
Ͳµ˷ʱˡ
ǣǳ۵ıӰ˹֣еĳϢĻصϸԣŴ˯Ӱµֻů
СϸǺñǣĽϸڻУϵıҲҸ
ۼѩľԽԽĵҲԽ
ľǻɱĿ
ȴҸǸҲǲŵģһߣѰǱǿĹƳġ顯ҲԽԽԡ
ĸм䣬кΪѣ
Ҫ뿪˼ҲԽԽǿˡ
ԭŸһ˻ص֮ٳߣڣȫıע⣬Ҫ˵ѩصʱֱ뿪ˣ
ҵʱż˲ֻǺģҲǡ
еҪҵܳɹڵԭ򣬲ҲϣԼܳɹܶ书Ļʲôѵʱ򣬶ٵĻᱻ
⣬ЩҪԼԵѾͷҲԼԸ
һıǼмΪѡ
ģ˵׻ʲôطܲĵطˡ
һΣ˳߻ħʱķкѰҹϧûʲôʱ˵ҪҵĶ鱾Ķ
úеԺڸ·ʱ͵͵ȥѰҹѶûдǻһ
ʵѡ
ܲԼ֮˰ɣ
ǿǱ
ģ룬ʵ벻ˡ
ұҪҵϱ֣أһĿĲݵģ
ǶںҲûкͺĽԼҪѰҵǺʲôйصġ
ԺлϵĻصľ棺ȻǾͷɡ
ūǵĺá
ǲǵǵ̫ˡ
Ҫǻ˵ĻǲôȰ˵ģϾ֮ǰȷãЩ˸Ǹûõġ
һεһ
ǷľٶȴԾûжֻ֣Լ߼ţѿĸա
Ҫǻ˻Ⱦֱӱ綯ָˡ
Ͼ
ϾɲǸʲô˼֮ĺ顭
һжΪĸ鰡
ҪԼӵĻ³ǻͬİ·
һҪ뿪ҪӵģȴûʲôޣҲϣʲôˣȰ˵ǴĵҪ˵Ļ
˺ĵȰ˵ʱȴĿ֣صҡҡͷģˡ
οģŮܹҪűǮֻеƹӲʸ˵ǰ˵
ǴСѪܽľ顣
ܾ֮ǿߵڣȫԼĲͷ϶ۣĻͱȺֶ֮ˣ
µѾ͵ŵʱȫһˡ
ʱֻϣԼŬҵ˼ˣȻһٻҲܵ۸ڡ
ھô֮ǴӸͬ뷨
˲󼺡
˭пסһ죬ҪԼǿŻԶõı
ǣ
ڿԴͬһ̬ȵʱ򣬱ƶ뷨
Ů˵ֱһǺ׼
ڶԴʱĵи׼ȷ˼ɵ
һղΪһյĻ

1498 һ

1498  һ
¶Դһвдǣ֪ܺÿԼĸ顣
ǳΪӰ֮Ҫţ
ϲһˣϳǿ˵ʲôϳϡ
Ҳǲƭ˵ġ
ڿŲʱɢĹڿԼԲϲ
ǣЩԽǿƱԼǿҡԽҪԽͲס
һƲסĵطǸʱ򣬾ҲӰʱһжˣ
ԴŮеģг̶ڸ׼ȷʺܸߣѾﵽ˲ĳ̶ȡ
ú
Ѿûа취صľˣѾռ˶壬ǾԲܽ廹ȥԼģҪǻֻҪͶһ壬һձһձĸӰ죬ԲĸҲԽԽ
ȵԲĸѾ޷ĳ̶ȵʱǸʱҪĻ½ܲʵ
ԣһҪҵǿȶȻҲԼúһͿԼԲĸ֮ǰȽ
ôϲ˶˻ô
ֻҪϢشʧ㶫ϲ룬Ӱ쵽ҲûʲôˣֻԼġ
һ˵ʲô׵֡
û뵽ȻҲ˼֡
еԥվǼܲסĿвĿ˵ЩɣվǽԼҪ˵Ļ˵˿ڡ

Լ̫ţĳƺˣæĸĿڣС㡭
ǸǶ˵ҪĻ룬ǲǱϡߣƿء
˸ֱȵЩԥĿڣū֮ǰڹǿϷġ
ϷôЩ
Щߺģк˵ֻҪٶȱʣôش顣
ǡ
ڱȥѰңòĵҰİᵽ
ǰݵģҪ˺Ļᷢʲô顭
Ĳɵô˸ȴǾϲںĸԼĽ飬ע⵽˺ϵı飬û뵽Ǹ֣
ǸϲˣҲϲָµľ֣
ģĺô
ôû뵽أڵ˫ϲ˵Ķԣ˵ĺܶԡ
ĵطұˣûУǾͿǱˣյıʽ
뵽Ĳǣǰա
˵ԼҲ˷֮ʵˣÿзµʱǽߵŮһ㣬ֱ񣬸ǲֱӴ硣
Ҳûз֣ԭԼһֱҪҵĶǼпܵϣ
ȾԼǰչˣ
ԼôôĴأ
ա
Ĳ˵вĻͨһĹǰץȹڣС㣬Ȼ
ȻǾ˰ɡ
ūȻ֪ҪʲôҲ֪Ǹ˵жôǡһҪҵĶǽϣֱˣҪô
ΣյʱţⲢ˽ǱܣùƳвģĲòعȷ˵Ļȥ졣
Ǽת˼Ҳûл·ֻҪȥظѰңͲ˵ʲô֣˾ͿԻˣ
С㣬ҪȻ˰ɣ
ѯԼϺòЦ΢΢һ˲佩Ӳϣǻȥ
ǰ
Ҫǵ汻緢֣˼ɴǰֲҪȴһӰ֮ĸ飬ºˡ
ΪԭԲЩĲøУҪԼĻֱܾܿӽƵ˲ˡ
һܴðա
˵ʵǵںģҪΪ̫ںҲᵽ΢Щĳ̶ȡ
֮˱пɺ֮ͬģɺ֮ҲȻſĵط
仰˵һ㶼ûд
ԿɺޣԸҲԵĿ
һ֮ģҪܺúõĴ֮Ĺϵģֻ³ҡ
ѡȨͰǰôͿԼѡˡ
룬ںĻո£Ǳɫ

1499 

1499  
ֵᷢģ粻ֵᷢģ
ʧЦƬ֮»صϣץס˺ĵĸ첲ֻҪأǲֵᷢġ
ֻҪء
ԣֻҪء
ֻҪõҪĶպһоͻᶼбˡ
ҵúúüƻƻӦôֵܲġ
˯úƽʱ˯úġ
ħһûлӦԼȴûм٣ǿʼ
С㡭ʹĿִŵȴҲΪ
·Լѡġ
ִˣѾ˳տħĳ̶ˣֹһΣҲֹ˵ڶΡ
ֻЩ뿪ЩֲˣԼļңƽƽĹԼⱲӣҲҪЩʲôǣ
ҹĳۼѩı߳ǽǰֻҪա
ٸ·һ죬ȫУȥѰҵЩ˱ѩˣ
ԼѪڡ
ٽ֮ǰһҪҪȥ
紽ǵЦݽȥӿԼĶīƣʲô
ʲôָͲ룡
ҵѪôԸڽҪ֮ǰȻߵӰ쵽Լ
һԸҵ˵ʱҪĶԸǾЩæˣһ
һҪڸȥѩ֮ǰͲúãܰĵȥ顣
ڣ˵ҪŮ˱Ͳˡ
īǰĿ⹧ĻСǱߵǺǰһֱĴţûʲô쳣ĵطǡ
ǷǱߣܽģ֪Ҫʲô
ʱ䣬ֻԼ֪ԼҰı¶ľжôأҲֻԼһˣΪԼΪأûб˷أ
ʵϴͿ쳣ֻظûʲôԸҲûʲôжˡ
翪ѯʣīȻҪʵġ
һ̷ģòڹ˺£ĵķǲ£ĸûϲģʱҲȻû˰˵ġ
֪²Ӧö죬ˡƺĲ䡣£īĵʹԴȥֱ
ٿһǰ¸ˡ
Ҫǻ֮ǰīƾȻϲŮˣȻҪģǿڸԼĹϲҲҪܷ
񡭡
֪Ĵ֮˶īƵĻûаյģϱأ˳˼УʵжīЩʹ㵵ġ
ɡ
絭ĿڣûбīƵĻӰ쵽飺ȺúõĶ˰ɡ
ʲôҲȲҪݾߣĬĬڱţƿǵپˡ
īĳ繰˹֣ף
ģ
ī뿪䣬ֻʣ͸οյ񻨴꿴ޱߵҹɫ˳˼
˵ĻѾĶ˵ˣҪʹ˸ҲԼôԸװ֪ģ
ҪԲĵĻôϲҲǶȻԼôʱΪŮߵġ
Ǿ仰˵ĺܶԣһоҪԼѡˡ
ᣬҲԸᣡ
ͬʱԼгۿŶīƴķгġ
˺ܶںͷӽ磬ǺǲôӣֱӵǰϾ
̫ƣ̫Ϥˡ
ҪԼľٶٶһ㣬һҪ绳ɵģֱ˵Ĺȥǻ·
Ȼ󣬳粻עʱȻļ塣
֮ǰǺһģϴ筺ɫźĵĳȹϷŽ˿ĵķбţµϱʩ죬żֳŮ˵˼次
ĽŲ˶ĪĽţĺɤһ㡭
Ĳֻ
ԼϲŮˣʵҪҸŮˣ˽ҲǸ˱ѵ˵ˣҲǹ¶ҪһܶԼԼߵˡ
ϣ
򡭡
Ҳ֪Լʲô飬ĽŲԽԽϵıҲԽԽأüţҲǸű仯ԽԽ¡

1500 ´

1500 ´
Ŀĵ⣬ǽŵĴţȻ򴽣δ˵ϽŵıȴѿڴȽŵķԶҪ򿪡
롭
Ҫʱ򿪡
ϧԽǺµĶԽ٣㶼㲻ĽŲ·ͷڵһƵһ㣬Ƭ֮ǵյķš
ƿˡ
ЦĿŷŵ磬΢΢һ˲񣬵ǺܿķӦˣߵĿ磺磬㻹δϢء
ŵԭɫһӱɢȥһĨаȵЦݣ΢΢
ǰδϢء
վܼЩɱĸ׵ĳˣͿĸױҵЩ˯ˡ粻ɵôǹһĨЦ
ˣϱЩɣȻڵԱߣİοģڵʵһǻĸױѩ޵ġ
Щҵˣƹ㣬˺ˣһһҪңˡ
һ㣬浹ǺһĹ˭˺ԼֻҪһԼƣһҪǸѪĴۡ
ֻ磬ҹˣձҵЩʽ˵ʱˣһ𣬺𣿡
׿ҪҶôһ˵Ҳ΢Щġ
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ԺȲ룬Ժȥɣ£ֻúõĺһ
ʱûоܾٿ֣סϸϸҲǶ˼
ֻеĶȴǰԴǰᣬǡ³ǴżᣬֱӽݺݵڻУҲס
ǰǺþöûһˡ
Ҳ㡣
紹Լͷٲһĳ棬еζ㣬
һջС
ΪĲ뼴뿪ŶҵĵΣɲǺܺù
˫˫ŶӰţ絣Ĳʲô¶˸ʱûҩۡ
ڵĲʹĪ˵滹жīʱţû㲻ܣ²Ҳܲġ
ָо˸о⡣
Ȼ֪絽ҪʲôǹǿʱԼҹĸ·֪һкҪ顣
ȥƴҪøΪҪ
ʱҲԼĻᣬ类Լ˵ʲôҲҪҵʵʱӳȥܲһӶΪĽ
ϣ߽ǸǵѸƭĻͲٴ߶ƳЩй˵ڷĥȻ󲻵òʹˡ
ǲڷ罫ǹǵѲصĺʵû͵ߣԼķʱ仹ȥۻϣȻȥƴǺֻʲô취ԸҪĸʵ塣
˿Լ˫֣ȴǺǺŵҧ
ǰܿѩĵؾˡ
ҪǽѩؾǿΪ鷳ջʱǲһܵĻᣬҪǴ˵Ļ
ǵҪʱȥˡ
ĸоɲ̫á
ȻھѰҺʵĻʱͻȻƼ˴ŨĺҹоȻ
ȻһϤӰ
־ϲȴǲ̫ŵĶīƣֻѹĿڣϡ
ۡ
ۣ
ջֵǵӰȻۣ
ҲŵЩǳţ۹Լˣ
Īģкǻϲ۵۽ҲǲɵЩʪ
һ˫аȵһڿ˷ܵʱҲǲɵһ˱ŴӣжŶԶԷõĻŵһַġ
ĵİġ
šá
ЩӦıԼתٶȿŲʱϵıҲ֣ʾŲ벻Ҫ
ĵͷ涫īƲδĹ򣬻Ųӵ˴ߣ۵İæ£Ľȴ򿪡
ҩ
ЩĿۣһѾþȫˣտϡƽĴʱڲбѾһԽĺ蹵ˡ

1501 

1501 
µĹ򣬱˲òͷЩ亹ɲȴ֪˷ԼϵִܼⴰȥĻǳʧȥĻᡣ
ɲڳΪһˣҧ
ڿԼʶŴŲ֫
룬ڲ붯ʱͻȻ˽Ų
ǽŲϤ
вɵÿһá
ˣ
ʱ죬͵˶īԼʱˡ
ҪǱīƿĻһᾪģʱ˵ԼӲˣܾҲҪ߶Ƴ棬վˡ
ҧ΢Щ׵Ĵǣȴᶨжš
ҹɫеһ˫аȵһȻҲĿ֪ľźͼѡ
ۿһ۴ޱߵҹɫųĽŲͽӰڷԽԽʱͻȻӰ˷֮ڣס˲䡣
£Ҵߡ
¡
Ҵߡ
ļ֣ȴĪħһ㡣
ʱռռů۵ҲǶ˼ָмͳݡ
á
صĵ˵ͷӰ˲Ծ׵ʧջ֮ڡ
Ӱ뿪˿ջ֮󣬶īƵĽŲŵ˿ͷ⡣
ˡ
ˡ
īƵû̫ıģԵйһ˲ķţʵС˯𣿡
Ҫû˯ĻūһӦȻĻūҪȥۿСܰġ
īƵڵʳô仰ǲ벻Ӧħ⣬ҲŪʲô֤˵ģʵʵĴڷеġ
ǽϷȴûаĶ
īƲɵɣٶȿظѾ֮ǰǰĿ˼⣺С㣬ūһشū֪ʱ˯ˡ
ϧܶīεľ棬ɰûа졣
Ծ϶Ծ
īüͷһ˲鲻ԾҲ񾭽
С㣬شĿĻū澱ҪȥˣʱеﻹС㲻ҪС㣬С㡭
īƼٵ𣬸ǰһŵǾڶīƽķ֮ڵʱȴûпӰеֻпյķδüϵĴ֨֨µҡҷš
ˣ
ˣ
ôܣ
ҩ޷жģôܻϢأ
īƿ첽˴ǰޱߵҹɫţϧڳģʲôûκεĶ
İҧŴȭͷ˴Աߵǽڣһ⣬æ̤Ķҵӡ
īףĴѰ
īеĻţ˭ײ˵ǴʲôģҪǲĿ֮ˣһᱻݺݵĴǡ
ī׼ī㾪ʧģɵþȣ㣬ôˣ
ˡ
ϻҩӦܲԶģǸϽ֮ǰһ³
ʣµĻīǲ˵ˣ³һܲңе˶Ӳ˸ϵŭֶΣۼʶġ
īֻԼ˶īƵĻ֮һ˲䣬΢΢ӲģƬ֮ӦûκηϻָĶҵǡ
Ǽֳ飬ǾߣջҲƱҪǸҵ
īϱأڷԸ͸©ϣ˲䣬īױֱںͷϢܾ֪𣿡
Ҫǲܾ硣
ҪǱ֪˵Ļһеæµ඼׷ˡ
ǣ
ЩҵĵǹĳŶī׺Ͷīƽ˹֣ѵصĳſջ汼ȥ
ֱ˶뿪֮󣬶īƺͻȻԼͷ亹
һֺܲõԤУܲ˵ĻҲˡ
죬˯ѵʱ֮ŭ
붫īƶõսľ
ƺԼĹǺ͵ǣī׿첽ǰİοţ㣬ȱ̫ˣһҲġ
ѽ̫ƽ׵ĽԼ˼ַš
ȻôȰ˵īƵģʵ϶ī׵ҲǼ
ųĶīףīĿ˵Ըɡ
īףҲܾôԴУҲҪȥѰң
£īƱŶīһš
ôҪʱ򣬶īôסأ

1502 

1502  
ҹڵ·һŨī⣬Ļ޴ĻϰǹⶼûУϺֱ޷ж
ۻбŲ룬˵ĹϵܣӿջĴȥʱȴδֱӴŲ뿪ջ˶˿ջǡ
ʱæԼһˣԣñܻκˡ
ڲһ߻Ų룬뻹µҩʧȥж
ӿջʱ򣬱ʲôҲĳűĵطȥĻ˴ĶƱǻöīƺͶīģ
ʱһȺ׷ûʲôҪ羪ѣôͱˡ
ߵķεúģ絶һĺ䣬ɲ۵ϣȴǲһ㡣
˵ľĽ
ĸܵ۵
ͨͨ
ÿһǰǿʵϵŵѬ㡣
һ˲䣬ԼٵʱϸǲԾϮһĨ糺졣
۵ûв쳣üĽϱ鼫ĿԶŶīƺͶī׵˵ĶѹڵԶһѰʱ뿪ط
Ѿ۵ͻȻŪС¹ײԴҲκġ
Ȼ˵ʲôʲôˣû۵ĻǻĿڻظá
ġ
ۼŶīƺͶīҵĵڶѸ֮Ƶģӿջŭģ޲ֱӽҵҽǧС
׵ҹɫҲΪջе쳣ƣ൱죬ۼŶҵĵԼԽԽԶʱŷ
ٶȿڶŲ˵߰ɡ
£Ų壬ڵϣᣬǹ˲Ů֮˲
ҡ
۲ڣڲ岻ʣû۰æĻûӳȥǱԼȽԼˡ
ΣҲ˲ôˡ
۵İæòɲ٣˵ӰѸٵںҹп񱼡
һȫĵط֮۷ŷſ˲ҲֻЩᣬ˲䣬ò˹ɻĿۣվԼеɻ˳
ۣôųˣ
Уô֪ҿջģ
ѵõĳδ̫ɺϡ
˸ոռʱЩˣҪʱʵĻµʱʳˡ
˶˰ȫĵط֮󣬲Ҳûбܻʳˡ
Ȳ֪飬ǵ˳֮µ֪Ϻͽѩģҹͽ棬һζԸǸ硣
ȴڸ·ⷢŵĵǣòԾͲ̽һ룬ڷп㡣
Եְɡ
ǲ֮Ե֡
˴ǰǻϲԩңֵģǵ飬ȴҲǱ˴޷ֿġ
ʵʱ򣬳δزһָ飬ֻЩʱӰˡ
ԭˣ
ʺͻҲѩˣ
Ȼ򣬺ǼΪֻƴ֣ʲôʱôġİ
мĿۣҪлˣ

ûãûõǸǵѣ¡
ϱ¶Σʱҵһ𣬲ߴۿ뿪Ҫ߾ΪǸǵѵģû뵽ԼûܽǹǵѸûǽԼˡ
۵ӦҪЦԼɣ
ôţЩȥ۵ˡ
ȴȻЦЦİοûϵģѩǰҵͻϣǻ֮󣬾а취ϵĹƳˡ
ֻûҵ⿪Ƴİ취ҪʱķӡڵĹƳ滹ǿԵģһ۶ֻǾеġ
ţ˵Ķԣ
۵ĻͬǻʲôϽ߰ɣ
ֻϵĹƳ棬ԼµĲжҩҲǿҵֻˡ
ôǵ벻ֻˡ
ҲЩȲˡ
ӰֻϢƬ֮໥ŵĳѩľڷɱʱ÷ɿ죬ۼǸոջŨīɫһգǰס
ɫʷ˺⣬֮еȴѰҲһȺҵĵǵʧ䣬СҪԶīƺͶī׽Ϊʧ䡣
㣬ǻȻȥɡ

1503 ץ˸ţ1

1503 ץ˸ţ1
ûܿס룬׵塣
Ӧøȥ֮³Σ
ûа취֪ᷢҲվҪȥԣܲΪ֣˾ʹ뿪
ī׿Ķī̲סȰ˵㣬ۼѾǲѾԶˣҲˡ
ҹĹӦѾѹˣҪְиĻ¸һˡ
ī׻£㾲ĿŶīƣȴŶīƵķӦ
ʵһ֮ղܡ
īƴûп˵īҲûпʹܶ˵ȴ
īϲ硣
ӱУ̷ߵʱ򣬾Ϳʼϲ硣
ҲΪʲôôõʱ䣬īƶĹĴߵԭ򣬾Ǳ֣īҲûκεԹԡ
īЩԼĽ㣬ڿԸīȥչȥչ˲ʱ򣬱ӵʹ
ǶôϲöīƷһŮ˵УȫȫԼİȥչŮˡ
¾īô˶Ϊѡ
īƻǰȥˡ
ãīվڶīεȰ˵֮»ĵͷȴȻͿɬǰûȥˡ
߰ɡ
£īƱ㲻˶īףԼЩʧǵĳſջķߡ
ͷʼնҪȥ硣
׿īƶ˽УҪ磬ڻֻƽĶҵӣԲгͷصĻᣬҲ书Ϊﵽڵĳ̶ȡ
ǵһжģҲֻǱɱֻµʱ򱻵ɱ
ԲΪ𱸺ͳͷܡ
һ֮󣬶īƱȻĿŶīף̾һ
ڿջ棬ҲȻͬīƺͶī׽ԤϵǰѾˣȴδĶֻǻ۾Ŀ⿴ŷͬѹһӰ

ȴδϵѾˣĿĿԼһζĳѰǱ书ΪĹ档
ѾķѰ˺ܶΣһԾɲĵĴȽķн䶼飬ȥ鿴壬Ļ޾ϸûһ˿©ˡ
û뵽ǣǰ֮ԻѣķѶ
ΪԼûз
һһ˽ģľҲ֮СģԾʱŪЩĶҲᾪŵ硣
ڲͬȫޣһεܽӴΪ˿ҪʲôõģȻʱʱ̿СĽľٶ
ʱѾˣֻδжһֱڵſķӦ
ûжգжһľٶĻҲ̱
˴һ˲䣬ҲǻȻ˫ۡ
Ǹɴ䣬Ӵ֮ɵķ濪ʼѰҡ
ϣķ棬ûκһûзԼҪҵĶɵЩȻʧ䡣
ڻûϸѰ˵ĻȷģҪҵĶϡ
ˡ
ҵ𰸰ɣ
ȻлϲתϣϸĲ鿴ʱȴͻȻ˱̲ס˸ʶĻͷ֮ȷǾñë
ɵõɴ˫ԭڴ˯ŵ磬˿ĿڴϣעԼҪȺ
ôҪҵĶûҵ𣿡
̶̵һ仰ȴ̲סĸĪˣ
ʲôʱѵģ
ǿԼٶԼ
ȫ˰ɣ
֮˶٣Ҳʮ˾ûʲôֱˣ
ɫ֪ڵһǺŭģ
ɫҰףпٵžεӦԣǵģ˵ҲŽӲ硭硣
ѽʲôʱѵģ
ôû˵һأ
ȻûоӣʱԼϵı飬ǲԼϵЦǶôܺΡ
ȴòǿװ򶨵ģ
ҪҵĽڣȥҲôúŪˡ
ȴŹѾ̫λˣÿһΣҪúõϧ
һٶĴԼĵߣҲ޷̵ĳ̶ˡ

1504 ץ˸ţ2

1504 ץ˸ţ2
ԼĵλȻǰҲټһֻ۱һֻȥˡ
Ϊĵ̰ԶûֹģĻδػ顣
˵δֻὫ̰ĵʲô̶ȡԼ
ʱ⡣
绹Ǵˡ
ΪͬľֻͬҪúõĶԴҲúöԴ
Ϊ˱˴˵Ĵڶһ㣬һ໥ȡůǿԹ
ԣôŵĵǷԼӭȢǽŮ˳ΪԼˣҲɼ֣綼ûҪԼߡ
Ϊͯľϧ
֪ҰģǲҪʲôͿֻҪԼҳϵľ͹ˡ
Ҫȫԭݣü˶ڡ
û뵽һδεһδεĲԼأԽ̰
ڵ絹ЩˣΪʲôۺƴ˶ԸҪ
Ϊ˵ҲΪ飬Ů˷ߣȷһ׵ļԦˡ
ԼԼ˱˼ĻնҪˣûС
д飬ĴҲ̲סһĨĻȣĵĿڵһˡ
⻰ڸĴңҪԼɵһŪ
Ѿ˼ˣ
Ҷ𣿣üϵЦ΢΢ЩӲĸĪѡ
ȴҪǿװ򶨵ģ
ǡǰͻȻЩڿʣҪЩˮȽʣûû뵽ˣǶԲѽ
򴽳Ĭ̽ŵĿڣ磬ҪȻ˯һˣʱ仹磬ԼҪʱ仹ʱŵʱ֮ٽ㡣
ϵı΢Ȼûֱǲ֪ΪʲôĪĻţܾЩõԤС
һͱ飬һҪʦģ
һˡ
һǶã
ѵԼҶʱͱ
ǸʱѾˣ
ҪǱֵĻΪʲôԼΪʲôֱӶŭ
ǱˣķӦٶֺ֣е̽ŵĿ硣
Ҳµĺ
ˮ𣿡
⡭һЩΣٶȱңңһ£ûĲҶˡ
Ŷ
˼üϵıǲ˵Ļһȵ˺ε˲䣬Щ޴ĪĽš
ǸҪҪϢһ£Ҫ𣿡
ȥЩˮϴ̫쳣ˣֻתƻ⣬Ҫķ䡣
ȻĹʱѾ׼綼סһ졣
綼Ҫĳ
ѯʵʱ̲סĻţһʶķӦ
ҪǼٺһĻü仰᳹׵ĶףҲסˣڻδõԼҪĶҲûԼıº书
Ҫʱ͵磬Ǻܲҵġ
Ҫ뿪ʱٶȿ˵ֻһοڵȴǺԵĴЩĳ
δҵأҪ뿪
ѵã𣿡
ĵı֮䴫˳ϵıҲǳ׵ı𺡣
ڵ磬Ǹֺɱ˲գ۾ĸĹʦͲӦûһ棬Ӧöᣡ
˻
վǱ֪ˣȾ֪סġ
ĵҲֻһ˲ġ
罫˵֮Ľŷû֮ǰ˫֮ûʱôˣһֻ
һ֡
˵Ļ
һ˽е̫ˣĻ޴ѹѹ˾ͿҪġ
ֹס˽ŲվڷڻתͷԼʱٶȿڣǵЦȴԽĴˣѾҸˣҪһҲҪҵĶһξͲлˡ
ô뿪ҪҵҪˣҪȥ취ȴʱ´ң
䣬ȻҲǹŻȵģĮͺǴʶǰİ
ѾĴ㣬ڿԼʱȴͻȻ۵

1505 ƹˤô

1505  ƹˤô
µѵ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ƵĿڣ뵽ʲôЦһЦЦҺܺƭ
ҲȷǺܺƭģҪȻôᱻƭת
΢΢Щɺ졣
ҪŭģҲ֪֮һҪи˽ˡ
ܾȥеۣԼƬ֮ЦŵĿ硣
ǰһϧôα㷢ȴûҵò˵ضıµǽġ
ôõʱ䶼ۼ
Ȼ̯ǰҲûʲôˡ
Խ˵ҲãԼû̫Ĺ˼ɣѹ̫ˣ˵Լί
ֺγù
ҪΪвҲ˼ҪԲ顣
˵Ǳ統ڸץ񣬿ĺ˶ԭģܽеĴ󶼷һϣƽ
Ҫҵҵ飬𣿡
䳰ȷ֮䣬绺Ŀڡ
Ȼʵü֮ıȴǱѾǿ϶ˡ
Ҳ֪ҪʲôϾ׽˶֪ҪѰʲôֺοͷԵˡ
ıôͻȻĪ
˺̶ܶϺŮ˵˼ͬ
ܺСһ飬˵ȫӵģŮ˵ȴǿԱ޷ŴԽԽҵģ
ǰǲǺĽӴ㿪˵Ļ֮ȴǻȻʡ
ֵǮĶ˵ŵĶ޷Ǿһ书ΪĹˡ
ǰľ֪ģΪλǿĵزҲΪ
̰ҪռĹ飬ҲҪԼ书
粻һɶ񺮡
ȻҪռԼĹ飬书Ҫʲô
粻ɵ۾īɫһĿ⿴а̫̫˼롣
ֱ׵ѯʣҲֱ׵Ļش𣺡ԣҾҪҵǱͨ˳Ϊڵ书ǿĹ顣
ҲҪϰҲҪϰ书ΪҲҪǿ
Ϊʲôٶȿڣ֮俴顣
úõҪѧϰôݵĹҪϰ书ʲô
ȴʲô˵ЦһǺǵЦ˳
Ŀһص磺磬ǵ治֪ΪʲôǼװ֪Ϊʲô
һܸɵ磬ȻʳΪʲôôɵ⡣
ǱĺͿ˰ɣ
ǣĻ֮ȴüĽɻĿ
Ȼ磬ǵ治֪Ϊʲôˡ
˼ĵ˵ͷǳЦȻĿڣҲգȻĲ֪ǱúõĽ˵ѾڲҴŵĻ½Ҫ˵ʱҲûûġ
粢δڣֻϵЦȴ֮ʧתú
˵ģҴǰ̫ۣ࣬ûңúõıҡ
һ֮úõıҵģⱲӶͱңأ
˵ʱ΢΢޲ýһǻҧ飺أ
ģ
ֻƽ׵Ľ˵ĺܺˣ
ֻúǲ˼顣
Ȼ̫˵ʲô˼
ôˣ
ôƽ޹ʵĽ˵ĺˣѵ
ʲôģ
ڳΪԹģ
ҧŴе˫ָʶؾ߬ڶҵĵУǸС˻ҵòѵӦֱ˵Ľɱ𣿡
ȴûУûУΪҶ磬Ǻñ°
ԶҲǵʱܵ裬һӶǣ
ԲɵЩ㵣ѾҵεǸСˣû뵽˵Ǽʱļ
죬Ҫͣǻ˴ȴֲַ̫ʱˣѹ˻ȥҲ粵Ļᡣ
ǣ϶˵书˵Ҫãʱ²ɱ˲룬Ҷ֣ʣΪ书ɱ˲뻹Ϊ㱾벻룿
ʣ糹ױ졣
޻˵޻ɱ硣
书Ųɻȱģȴʵʵ˺ҵģѵͲΪҶȥͷܵͷ𣿡
㲻Ҫжһֻ첲һȣ֮֮ͬǼɵɣ
ûУ

1506 ɱа˰һǧ

1506 ɱа˰һǧ
ûУ
˵ǻĸ첲ȣһػҲǲó


ۿ΢΢ԵǼ˵ʲôΪ书ʵֻ˰ˣ
ԼԲѾ˸飬㣬ȱģ֪𣡡
ȱˣ
˵⻰ʱҲޱȵʹ
ɱа˰һǧ˵ľڵڳͬʱҲԼͱŵӡ
˵ĿЦͷΣЩԱΪԼǰЩĿľǰǱ΢С̧ͷġ
뽫ԼõĶ磬Ȼأ
ǸʲôûˣƢ绹ǽһúţţ
˵ҪѪʵֻΪ籾˽ģò뿪˺ˡ
Ϊžʹ
˵治ôģҪô̳嵽ķ佫ɱˣұ㵱Ҹո˵ĻǴģҲǶԲģҪҪɱϷаԹԣǱĴͲҪҵϣ
紹˳Ĭ
ɷϵ˵ĻĿڣҪ粵ȴҲ޴ӿڡ
ǰԼҲӦԲпܺԼеĲ̫һ
ȷΪԼɱ룬ԲһֱߣΪ书ҪҪѪŶԲİٰչ˺ͰٰǨͣѾҪˡ
ǡ
ҵȷҲϣҲƭ㣬ȥˡ
ҵȷ᲻ɱ
ǵõ˽һ
ǣԸǡ
·һֱŵҶˣǸее롣
㷴Ӧܵ˴̼һӵļ
ڿϳˣ
㻹ǵ㵱һʱô˵𣿣
Դ˵㲻ᱳңܵ˺أôģô˺ҵģ
˵Ҫڷ絲꣬Ǻķ궼ġ
֪磬ȴǰЩ˺ҵ˻ҪֻҪݣ
㻹𣿡
ǰЩȻҲȷ˵ںһںǽӴʱǱű˼ҪŵģͷֻԸˣЩҲûܱɹˡ
Ȼ˺ȴϾԵģ˺Ҳǿϵġ
ȴ֮ǰ˲һĽˣҪĵǰвõϰߣҪͳԴˣԽ׽˺Խޡ
㼤绺ؿڣȻû֮ǰǰŭ壬ǶһĨʹ
鷢չĳ̶ȣȷ˶йӦȫһ˵ϡ
ҵ˲ĴڣȷҶԲ㣬ǰҶԲô̬Զı䣬ŵˣҲֻΨһķˣ
ĳŵҲǸԼĳŵ


ĻʱЦˣ
Ψһˣ


㵱ϡ˵λ𣿡
㵱λþܴ򷢵𣿡ݺݵҧ˵ײҰοˡ
Ϊ֪ˣȴϣôһ˵Ĳҵİ취
磬ҿ㣡
ҪȨƣҪͷأȴҪһտӡ
һȴòϲˡ
ֱ׳˵Ļ磬ѵϰϰģܶû𣿡ǳ⡣
֪ĲұҪȥϲ룬Բø̫ûа취
˵⻰ʱҲǴЩκεģҲûҪͶ˼뾺ϾϾ߰ˣôĸԸı˵˼ʹأ
ûа취ĸԲʵ̫ˣ˸ְ취ҲûгҵԲг׵ĴԼȥ
ԽԼУԽչǿңҲٷˡ
Ҫ䷢չ
ȷǺãԲȷźøУɷϵҪͲ뿿
ںͲӴദʱй¶ģ綯ˡ
Բ붯ˡ
ͬںദʱǰܰĸ飬ģһһĪĶ
ǲԲôĿʼͷһλ
ɻúõչɻãҪǻԼѾǧٴˣ

1507 ͬ

1507  ͬ
ȴɺúõĻţǰǳ磬˵ľģӦò硣
ǣǺǡǺǺǡ
һûûа취ÿЦı⡣᲻ĴۿȴǿĲϵͷ
ûа취ֻǲа취أ
ûа취̫ųˣ磬ǰһӢ۾㣬أȻһûа취ӦңӲ书ķϲ书ǿӵһĹǸʱôûûа취أ
˵һжֻĽڰˣԲ벻֮ǰ˺ֱӽɱˣ;Բڵ
ûа취Բĸ飬ҲԼҵģݲųڵ
Բ磬ǵԲͲܹ˱뷨
֮ǰûҪڶҵαò֮ܵ˴̼Ҳں絽ò
ò
һŮ˵ǶôҪ顣
ܵô˺ʱ粻ûѡվԼߣİοԼæԼǶ˺Լı
ĸʱʼѾʼˡ
ҡ
һ·ڡ
ʹʹ
֮ǰǶʱãñͷԣԼǺ;趼ûˡ
Թ̫ĿˣôͲأ
ҵ飬ҲҪϰ书𣿡
Ѿ˵ϣҪ绹֪뷨Ļô̫ʧˡ
ʵһЩġ
㷴ӦΪ̫ںԼʹǰЩ˺ûаȫС
ǣǺֻܶǱϿģʵϵ׾жᣬֻо
ڵΪΪ书пǷģǿƵġ
ǴӲķ书߳мԵĿܵҲǳ˲ġ
ҪԼ󣬲ٳԿˡ
û뵽
ǸǿʤϷһ˵ԸǴӹɢģǲôҲ׸ıġ
ԣҾҪҵĹ飬ҲҪϰϰ书
ֻԼǿ˲Ż̤ʵŲᵣʲôʱᱬʲôʱᱻѣֻԼı˲˵Ȩ㵱ҪҵʱҲڻûĸ
ɺ죬ǲԾسۿ¡
Լϲģ׽һִ֮֮ĹϵҲܻصǰˡ
Բʲôĸ飬֮ĸԶʧȵ罥Լ볹ȡԼλõʱ
磬Լдһ˿εʱ򣬽ȨռݵԼС
û˰黹书ֻҪԼʵѵΰ
ǵ滹˵Ự껰ĻӦǹң㱳ңݸĲҪˣҵȷû취ֻҿ㣬Ŀ㣡
翴滨վǲŵ̾һ
ܵѡĴˡ
û㶮ʲôǰʲôǿ
ǿйЩԼǰֻķҪúõչˡ
ǰ
Ƿãİڲȴǳ׵׵ĸܵˡ
ȻͲһʱ򣬲벢һʱĺԼԼʱָǡ
Ӧˣʲô飬ʲô
⻹Ҫ˶
ãŻؿڣ㲻ڣ
Щһ˹ûлͷ·ˡ
ȻѾ£ôҪ޾ɺãҲͬˡ
ǡҲڡ
³ؽԼ۽ǵˮĨĿĵͬĶӣǴмô仰Զڣ
á
ȻҪұǡĿĽ⿪ԼǰѣؿڴȻдһС֣
Ҫ֮ǰ϶ӵģȴ΢΢𾪣ֲܵˣȴûҵǱŹ飬ԭȻĲ飬ǿϡ
ôԴôһİ취
ϣ
޹Ավǰ벻ɣ
ò˵İ취ҲȻЧͰȫ
𾪵лعԵذף𺳵֮£ȻݺݵسԼĿڴ˹ȥ
ͣ

1508 Ҷ

1508 Ҷ
ذ£һȵѪʱĿ˳ȴܲһ㣬ذ׼ԼƤϻ
źذ˲䱻ѪȾͨ죬һ·ȴᶨƶĽԼؿϼŹǿƤѪ׳۵ĳ
ʱθзڣҪŻһ㣬ǿţûֱӵǰ˳
ǴѪƤȴǱУ粻źۼĽķӦɳƵĿ˵ҪĶˣõ
ֻܶѡ񣬺ܶ·ҲԼߵģһ˱ҲûкڵأҶ֮ĸҲƤʱ򳹵׽ī顣
ڡ
ֻǿԼմѪƤöˣ
ôպҪԵģǧǧģϵƤҪǧٱĹƳ棬ܳܵס
ԲҲԸֻҪӽԺȵĴ󣬻ҪƲϵͿԼѡˡ
֮ΨһĻᣬҲеĻˡ
ĻԭҪȥƤ΢΢ЩɣеˮȴԶҲɾһԽԽףǲ԰׵ɫմŵѪƤƬ֮վҲ˾ԥڰеٶȻմѪȴŹƤС
Ҳڡ
ǰЩҵĽѵ̫ˣ鰮׵Ķˣ翵Ķ
Ҳڡ
Բڡ
ͣظԲڵĻڸԼľģҲڲϵĴԼԼڣѾڵĳ̶ȣǺҲ⣬ֱĺݵĽеĸ鶼׿
ֻҪǼŹƤõԼǰҪһоͶˡ
ڣǧڡ
Ѿ̤һǺڣȴԼҲԲǾ꣬Ԩˣ
ҧŷ׵ĴǣȻҧѪҲȻ֪ŵ˫ٿؽƤ߬ģǱܿâڱתҪ̤š
棬ЩȲҪصԼķڣоһƤصĶȻ󡭡
ҪûʲôĻھͿʼϰ
ϰԼ书͹ʱǽǮʱһУ
Ҳ֪ǲǱѪ̼ģڵֻԼѪڣƤǴ֮ǰԼİ˵ôһصҲԺˣ

̤ŵĿ⸴ӵĽһ֣ǸӵĿ֮£ѿģʹ
1510ԲߡӴˣҶ
ǷԼһϣԼƤ˵һ˲ѾȫˣʵҪǷӤģžǵ緼Ӥæõ˲ѪѲųɹռ˶ڵĳɾ͡ڸԣʱƭǶ˵ͬģܺߣ̸˭Ƿ˭ġ
ûлͷ߬˫ȴԽָǶҲȻ֪
ɳƣĽԼƤҪܶôʹ
书ǿȴҲ¾οϵƤǰأһ㣬Ҫذڷ־Ҫ˼ԼڵѪˣʱҲˡ
Ȼ
ǸܲһֻĿⶢıӰϡ
׽ˣһ֮ҪϤİˡ
úչԼ
ҾԲ档
ҪǲԼͲҲգ滹ԲĲҪ˺ĻôͲҪ粻ˣ
Ϊ˽⣬ԲŻȵѡ
ǲɵһĨЦֻǲӣ۽ǵ⿴Ŵ磺Ҳء
ףձɹ
ǰǻбôһҪˣô꣬ԲܾΪһƤ
󡭡
һŹͣǳ׵ʧ֮ڡ
ڷѣһҹδأҲ֪ڵôˣ
ûгɹص֣˵¶ץ˸ţʱѺúõʣ
ĲͣԼķⲽãһҹҲû˯˼һֱڵȴ
վǵֲĲľٵȥˡ
ҲҪڵˣҲҪס
飡
ںĸոմ򿪷Ŵȥ鿴ʱӤҴææӰҲ˲䵽˺ĵǰ
Ĳɵϱ龪ϲһЩ𾪵ĿȴְȻ

1509 ƻ仯죡

1509  ƻ仯죡
֪˱˼£ȻܰȻĴķлԼĵǶˡ
ĲɵһǻæӭȥеʵСôˣ
ҵԼҪҵĶ
ûбˣ
һӺĵĿ˳ȻںĿ֮ȴͻȻ쳣
˫մѪҡ
еĶ
ʲô
ѵǡ
Ƥ
ʧҽУǱŵõ˵ϣɫҰס
һֽٺĸо
ò˵ոڷкŵʱ񾭶Ǵﵽһ״̬ΪҲȷԼξǶǵʲôĳ̶ȣǷˣԸԼĻôͬϵ⣬ֻ׸á
ãźԼľ飬Ը⽫ŹƤԼһӦԼ뿪
еƤò˶õʱҲǿֻҪøˣʱ򣬾Ͳٵκˣ
粻Ըɱ룬ôŽԼ书ǿʱ˲룡
ܲܺһ𣬶Բò˼ˣ
ôʧ˻ŴзӦЩĿźĿڣģõˣõҪõĶˣ
˫ΪǿմѪƤȾ쿴ЩĿģټ㼤úľ֣ǿеĿ־壬΢΢ЩĴӵվ
Сõ˶𣿡
ᡭ
ҪҵĶŵɡ
ж̬
ŻҪҵƤ
ϲδɵѪѲƤǸոմ˵
̽ŵţȴǺܿ϶ĸźĻش𣺡ԣõˣ
ģôµһ㶼û
ҪҵĶϣѾõˣ
ģǲôˣϿʰʰ뿪ɣɢŹ̲סڴߴ٣⵹úʵġ
ץźĵĸ첲ǿ˾һ
ģ㲻һֱҪ뿪صļļž𣿡
ھͿԣھߣ
𾪵Ŀ·ȷǲԼ˻þȻĿ˵ٴԻؼˣ
ʲô
ĪǸ˵ɵˣ
ҪˣڵĻǿĻزȥˣ
촽΢΢æĴߴźģԼҲǷӦһ㣺˵ˣϽʰҲҪȥʰҵĶˣһҪϽߣ
еƤǱᷴڣʱԼǵòʧˣ
ٿĵı飬ߴ֮󣬱ǼæĻصԼķ䣬ʱܵ˼Ĵ̼£ϵıܷӦҪԴõĶˡ
ǱʹɵϴԼ˫ֵѪԼһɾѣĶ򵥵ĴһЩֵǮ»ص˺ڵķ䡣
ҺúȾ׼Ҫ͵͵뿪ҲûʲôҪŵġ
ʲô
ĶܲôˣҪؼңͬٺòˣ˵Ķԣʲô뿪֮нҲ١
ʰ𣿡
Ѿϴɾĵľ˼֣µҲ֣أʰˡ
߰ɣ
ã

źѸٵ뿪˿ջߵʱ˶ī׺ͶīƵ˴
ֻǴҴҵƳһһۣʲôû˵ֱ뿪ˡ
īƺͶīȴǺɵվԭأֵĿŽŲҴҵĺĺˡ
㡭
ʲô
Ҫ뿪𣿵õ׼𣿡īֻ֣ŵʱ粻ҪҪԼƤĸŹ
ѾӦҪȴҪˣ
ԼҪߵģǿȵģ
ǿҪǰ
һʱ֮䣬īò⡣
īĿ˸֮䣬ȴ涫īѡ
ˡ
ϣ˺һģضڷ뿪飬Ҳģǲ뿪ģǶ֮ǾͲҪˣ
īûĽǶ£īƵ˸Ǵż˽ĵġ
̫ϲܾ̫ļƣһ𣬳Ầ
ҪԼҪߣֻҪ뿪ôǺ¡
īȻǲҪȥģοǸոŪ˲룬Ҫٻ飬·һˡ
ԣīҲĵ˵ͷҲá

1510 ҪҪͣж

1510 ҪҪͣж
߰ɡīƵʹ⡣
Ӧÿȥġ
īٶȿڴߴ٣ī׵˵ͷܶ˿첽Ľ˿ջȻȴǱڵѪζ嵽ˣ
ˣ
ǳ˴ˣ
ȻôôŨѪζ
ī׺Ͷīƽ˲ɵпһ
ܵٶȳ嵽ķ䣬ؿ乵ѪīɫҰףͨһĹǰ

׷ʲôˣ˭㣿
ī˵ʱԺ̲סڻ·ϿҴȥӰĪ粻עʱˣ
ǲӦѽû书ٷɾҲӦǱ͵Ϯɹ˵ģ
οصˣ
粻û֪Ҳûȥݺ硣
͵Ϯ
ѵҵЩˣǹģԱһȶ
īƵо죬ƸҪŵĵȫ׷
ȥ
ȴǰ˰֣Ȼȴᶨˡ
С
ȥҩҰһ°ɡ
īĿЩɣǿƶ̬ȣվûкִȥҿѪԵؿڣҪȷҪа˿Ҫ
ܿġ
īƱȥȡҩ
ǣ
ȥʲôˣʱҲעɫҴҵĶīƺͶī׵ϣü΢΢šţȴ͸¶żֵġ
Ķ˵īƺͶīӦϢϹˣȴʧһ㣬ôȥôòųԼǰ
統˳жīƺͶī޹⡣
īƸǵǰīư²Ȼ˲С㣬īƸ
īϱǾȻīƵĻ㱨֮ƺδ̫Ķ
ֻ˲˳Ĭ
磬ֱӶԶīƷŭöİīлţ֪ôӦԣ
ã˳ĬĿڣҲգ˾˰ɡ
ʱɡ
ۼžҪѩˣˣҪֳȥԸѩҵˣʵҲû̫ʱ;ȥӦ룬߲Լߣ۱ʹе겻ɢ˵ʲôʱ͵ϮԼ
ʱ򸹱ܵУǸԼͽ鷳
ҲΪ뿪ܵ˲СĴλеģ뿪ҲʵܻԼ֮ɡ
ɣ
ȥúõʰһŵӼ·ɫȻĿڣǶīƵȴǣŪ˲ô顣
Ȼʲôû˵ֱӷŹԼ
⻹
Щ
ߡ
ˣҪٶϢɣҪȥҵЩ˱Ļ»δɹɱЩˣԼ˵Ԫ
īΪĵĻϵơ
˿ǰ£īʱ򶼾ͷƤ顣
ĸһƤǸʲôʹ
ϧī£Ҷȥ֮䵽׷ʲô飿
ŻᵼҴ뿪ʧһƤǶīƵﻹǵǵģЩҵ˲ôӦģ书۷ʱȥԸǣҲŷա
ˣǸðˣ
Ҷô꣬ҲںһʱˣϢ˿ֹסѪٵһȥұҲٰīƳϿҵȰ˵
룬ȴ֣صҡҡͷˣںһʱˡ
һʱ䣬ҲԼ˿Ȭ
һٵһƺҲû̫ࡣ
ֱ˵ǰȥЩҵ˱Ҳ˽Ըˣ˾ƴĳ̶ϰɣֻҪԼĸױҲ
ҪҲδҪӲӲ
лһơ
Ǿǹ
˹൱ԲɫĽЩݺԼĳ¹֮󣬿ЩˣҲδҪԼԶֵġ
֣īƺͶīֻεشĳ繰˹֡
ǣ
֪ȥȥ죬ȺúõϢʰһ㱨
˵ͷڴϱĿ
īƶī׾˳ķ䣬ܿ춫īƺͶīױָӺеĵӣһ˱ٶȳѩŲ뿪ߵۣʱҲȻĸ˵
ҲҪȥѩҲҪȥֻƴǻϣ

1511 Щļ

1511  Щļ
ѩ
ҡ
ƴۼҪŵĵӵѩˣʱҴүȴûиȷĴ𸴣ܲܳɣ
ֻǵǣżؿͬüĽƴǣǵҪȥ𣿡
֮ǰѰҵˣҪҵֺһԸ磬Ϊʡ¶ʡʱʡ
Ͼ˫ʵȥԸͬһˣ˴֮ʧ˺ܽͣҵ˳ٳٲظǴӦҲãǲһҲգҪ׼ǡ
ҵ˵˵Ҫһ֮ûˣһֱǣĥ͸ǵ뷨ٵȥĻǵ£
ҵ˷ʱ䣬ƴǴֻ뿪ңҸʵĻֻĿƴǵ壬ƴǽ⿪ϵĹƳ棬ǸΪҪ飡
ҲǺֻ̬һ
ңزģֲ֪ҵǺûʲô̬ȣãȻĴǽ˾治̤ʵ
һϲռȨ˵ġ
ûĪĲģֱ˸뿪ԼϤĵط
ҪƻҪҵĻظӦԣȫκεʱ䡣
ҪùеźõĶˡ
ǰƴǣȻȸǰɡҲϱصĿڣҪȰ˵ƴǻת⣬Ȼ
δƴǻشһ󻶿Цֵͷ֪ʲôʱģʱ˫ָվ⣬ЦӯӯĿŷüĽˣˬʵĿ˵
㿴ǣαôżأ
˰ǳסصͷɵҡҡͷԴиĸп
еͷʱɵЩ졣
Ȼ˿ǣ
ǷžȻһ㶼ûв
ͷ书Ѿ˺εȸ߳ĵزƴĸͷǰȻҲˣ
㣡
صͷٶȳַеˣֹסԼŽ̸ŵĻɵĿͷ
Ҳ֪ͷҵǰʲôĽɫܾصĲһˡ
ǿеɻһ룬ͷЦⲻģȴƫƫҪŹӣͬ˵ʵϷ򵽵ʲôǱ㲻˷ʱˣҲǸûйְԱˡ
Ҳͷϵ˵Σڵ˰ǳסǲҶõʱ䣬ǱżˣȶҪĵƬ̡
ȷҵˣҪʰҲȷ練ƣֻıɲֹһô򵥣ôŵĵأ
ҪԸôˣ书ǿŵΪУһС£ôҲӦøҴүһڶĻᣬȻһóȻ˾ʱٳʲôӵĻɵʧһҲ޷ܵġ
صͷ񿴲澯һ㣬ӵĺ˽š
ˣΪǿҸҪСģȻǣôˣҿǲСﰡ
ͷܶЩһ㣬Ŀƴǵˡ
ţҲѵһˣȻϷһúõйһңҲɢɢģȻ춼Ǳ֪ģΪϰʮϷˣ
ͷƵʼǴЦݵģôȷǿ̬ܺá
ҪܾĻû˵ڣֻƴǱֱӵĳصͷ˵ͷŵЦЦá
˱Ҫͷ˼ˣ
ͷƴǵĻ⣬Ц˳Ǻǵذ֣鷳鷳һ;ҲвҪԼҵԸͷй䣬ҲͷɢˣøлӦͷǣ
ҲΪʲôصͷû¶а̯ԭˡ
ȷеĻţҪһЩһʱ䣬֮ǰ԰̯ƴǵ˹ǸͷһǲĶ
ҵЩ̣ҪôΪīسɹ棬ϺԼ򽻵ҪôǱԼŵˣҲҿԼʵȤ
ЩСȽϺãͰףƽ׽ˣ뵽ͷƴǵ˵Խĺơ
ǿƴǵУȴܾͷ֣ǵҲôĲأ
߰ɣ
ͷ֣ƴǵ˷ʢ롣
á
ƴ΢ףһʼǴЦݵģ̤˷ţͷ
ֻ໥һۣվǸƴǵǽ˵Լ岻ԭеķ֮ڡ
ɺΰĳ̶ԶԶҪЩ˶ҵĵһӡٽŵǵжĳڵĴţȻҵЩװĵСˡ

1512 ͷ

1512 ͷ
ؾɣͨļҾȴʱ򣬸ۡҲ˻Уɼ˶Ѫֻ˶
ȹģݹĹļҵĻҲͲֱʰɣ
ͷҪƴǿʲôҪƴȥʲôطƴǶܺܺõĸͷ󣬲棬ģصĹͷĻŭţƴǵҲԽ
ˣҵװβãϷϲıҪһˣ
Ŷ
ƴͷĻ΢üĿͷָķֻһ俴ƽƽķӰˡ
Ϊʲôͷ˵ϲĵط
˼ңƴǽȥɣƴǹ˹֣òĿڡ
ͷƴǵĻЦԽˣҲûıֱӳƴǰ֣Ȼ
ҪȥϷӭ֮
ƴǸͷ󣬽һƽƽéݡ
˾ûƴõˣ棡
СʱǱڹģҪʲôݷ̣ʦѧľԸѣϲϲϲǲϲαףǿֱӱֳġ
һ֮ҵӡǺܺãͷܾڹŪ飬Ȼ˵ҪǴʱŴҵһһľܾڹʱŹӰˡ
Ļ˵ǳ湬ֲţȻŵ湬֮ǰģֻǽǰЩŵ˳
еһʱ湬δ湬ûнֹ˭֪˭ʵҪǿҲҸᣬúõĺŽһ˭Ҫһ
ܻܲδԾ˰ɣ
滹Ĳ¡
ƴǡ氵Ըƴʾ񣬳ͷעʱƴǵĶѹĿڣǼĺͿǲǣ
Ҫͷֵʲôʱ򣿡
ͷصҲͰˣһˣҪʲôʲôҵ˶ܣ˾͸ûʸȥˣƴǺȴһ
ǲԶǧѩҪҪȥģǻ˱ʱͷй䡣
ܸоͷڹǵʱ䣬ǻǰջŵĽ飬뿪ɣ̬ȼ
ǲƴڽܵź֮ȴû̫ķӦֻǽü΢΢šһδֱӻشĻжȴѾԼ̬ȡ
ŲͬĿƴǲֵͷǲʱģǾʲôܣҪƴǺ棬ֱֲӺ˵ҪƴǺԼı¡
ܷͷϵܣôͷҲԸ
ƴǺûģֲ˵ĻôͷҲԣƴǵ溬һָоǾͷݾҪҴү滹ҪܡžԵȨ;ȨҲһ
ƴʾȲҪż
ҾҪַѵҲңǳҺ
ͲĺǽҲҵǰ棬̽ʵ͵ƣѾңѡҪ۵ôˣ
˴룬΢΢һЩƤëҲҪҵ컯ˣֲƴǡ
ȹ۲һ絽жʵȻ١
棬ƴǺʯһ˫ĿҲϺǺڶԸʱҲи׼
ƴǺȻǽܣƽƴҲǶ漫ĺ£ΪƴĽСڹ⣬ʺĸչˣǵ˲ٵĿ࣬ǴĵԼĽ㣬еĺ£Ŀ־壬𾴣
Ҫ档
ȻڹؼĴ棬ƴһ׼ˣǱҲֹƴǵ뷨
ƴ˵֢״Ҳֻգ㡭
ˡ
ȻѾ¶⣬ôҲǿеıˣ
ε̾˿ĿصͷջأҲεĺƴһĿɨڵǸƾɵķݡ
ѵôƾɵĵطܷɣ
ףƴԸżĲͬ
ƴڳȣƫˬ䣬۲䡣
ҲãǽӿԻ
治ٿڣƴǼĵҵͷĴй䣬ҵǸͷȻû˵ȴƴǺϿƴǵıҲԽ΢ǺǵЦͣȻԭ㣬Լǳá

1513 ζԸ

1513  ζԸ
ͬʱ
Ҵڡ
Ҵϵף׵ͷ£һ˫Ŀ⾫ӰԵмɷǵζ
ҲҵˡȣҲҵĹ¡
ҴȻѡˣҲֻһЩѰС£ʲôĻҴҲûʸϣҪе˶һ𣬹ͬԲߡ
Ҫάһ˥ϣôͱҪƽֻȨһ˵Уǻ˱Ȩɱ˫ۣΣ顣
ҴϽƴǿƷڶ೤ϵǰڵµ۷׷׵УڣսҶټʵһҪҪҴ
Ҳƴ֣Ͻ͵ƤʤÿһطҪרȥҵЩҲǷɢ˸أҪĽջһ֮⣬ʣµҪôŵ£ܽ˸ۼˡ
ҴĿⲻźۼɨŵÿһˣ󻺻ڣ꣬Ƿ˳ټһ飬ټҵ˹ǣҪǶ顣
ǾΣ
Ҵү۾ոµʱ򣬱µЩĵһм
Σ
ȻҪҶֳŵ޷ҲҪһЩƲˣҪپǣôС£ȻҲǸټ
ǲڼй˰Ϊ˶ʹҲУ
߳СƽҲЩҴ㿪ڣЩ񣬼ҲûģֱӿҴϡ
Щǿ⣬ʵڸæµŶҪæˡ
ҴϽǽһȴֻô֥ƤС¶˱Թ
û뵽Ҵ߳˵ʱϱ鲢δŭ⣬ǹ˴ǣЩؿ߳ϣֻҪһЩǮĻΪһеû¶𣿡
ǲ֪ǳټҲųƵˣʲôҪ󣿣ҶŴϵĻѯʡ
ĿҪǣϣܺһԸţ
˻
Ҵϻµʱ򣬴ڲɵһ󵹳
ڶ೤ϵıҲǱúܡ΢
ʲô
ǿͬĴڣҪǰ㴴ѾõĴӲײĻҲǻʧصģǿƵҪʵǻûкҿѽ

ɲֻûпô򵥣ֱǡ
ʲôʲôԹ
߳ϵɫһһԵĺľӡ
ʲôѽ
ȻжھʵʵҪⲻҪҹȥǻĻǹȥģ
߳ЩߣҵȷǳŵǸƱ԰һ飬еĵӶΣǶȡֵΪҲȨܾģ
ֱӻǵĻǸ߲ˣ߳ٶȿڷԼۣҴϵЦȴԽڲεǵ磡
ġ
磿
ʲô
ºˣҴһĻ֮󣬴˵ɫѾúüΣһνһΣһδҪ֮ǰ𺳣ҴҲǵģѾ֪ȴֱ˵
Ǿͺһһһ
Ҫǵɫ仯𣿻Ǿô˺棿
ΪḻʵľҪ߳ˡ
ЩǵԸ񶼳ȣûзԼۣԼȴǿ˵˺üΣϧÿ˵ĻǴģιȥ
ǸֱӣڲɵЩҲס
ڶ೤ϵıȴҵͽǺζʲô
Ҷ׷ɱݣƵ˾ϧǱˣԭΪô꣬Ƕʲô³ǵǰҲؽ¶ˡ
û뵽ʱ꣬Ȼ־һΪŵ
˵磬ԹޣʵҲǺͶ֮ǰ׷ɱʱȻͬ
ʲôط
ǽǿɡ
ܳΪŵѵ˵书Ѿ˸Īĵز𣿣
ôأ
ǲ书ģԲŻᱻʱȻǵǰǣǵǸﲢǷǸ书ĸ֣˾Եĳɾ͡
Цһ㣬ڳЦ۲ʶ̩ɽĿ飬ϧ˲Ű
ڵĳ˼죬Ҷ̽ŵĿڣ˼ǡ

1514 ˾

1514 ˾
ΪǺǣԡҪڱŵЩҪҵˣӵƵĳߣҪһԸǸŶ𣿡
Ҵϸո˵ЩУҶڵ
ʵ֮ǰѩһ书ǿ˳ѩϢҶҲŵģֻû뵽ȻЩ˻ģ
Ҵϻĵͷ׸һĨ𺣬Ƿߺ޵޲ԼĸǰȻԼֽʬΣڵǵǰҪǸƣҪӦƵĳߺǺ֣Ǹӻδ֮ǰȶŶ֣
ɲһС£Ҫ࿹ĻҲҪĴ۵ģҴϲŻѡ飬лظƴǺˡ
ĻƱҪԣĻ˵м仹˿תĻᣬֻԸһˣҪʵĶˡ
ȻҲų߳ŭҪȴҲᣬʱҲһġ
⻹𣿡
ȻǴӦǸ˺ѽ
ȻƾŴǰǸСĻܻת徵Ļ𣿡һ߳ٶȿҴϣֻǣû˵
Ҹǲݵĳ̶ȣʱƣҿϵͷͣظҲǲ״Ӧģοôܻͷ
˵ѵӴѾܴˣ
ԲеڶΡ
κ˶׸ı䣬ֺοôͽ
Щ˶ͷֱӽǶأ
ôλĿأҴϼ߳ϵͷϵı⣬ֽѯʵĿĳϵǵǰ
λ΢Ƭ̣ҲȺĵͷҲãԡ
ֻǲ֪ǺҪ֣
ǳĻϣС湬Ĺ
ƺǸӺҲˣҴҲЩҧгݡ
Ͼɱ谮ң˵ʲôҲ˵ġ
Ŷ
ȻͳĻϺ湬ĹҲ˳ˣ
Ǹ绹вٰ
ҵĴƴǺ֮ںǺˣȻƴǺҵңҪĻȻȾѾǸˣһǸ˽
ԼãȻĵϸ綯ֵĻҪͳ湬Ҫĸá
ǵˣ˵ͷҪ¾ǲκε֮ǰҪȽǰȥǡ
ߣӦ˺Ǻܻ˵Ƿټҵ֣һõ飬ֶΪ
߳һ˵Ļһ㶼ûд
е˶ҪôˣҪôųĶʲôطԶҳأ
Ͼôķǳ˵ǰҲֻǻһֻһҡβû뵽羹Ȼ֪ڵĳɾͣڻ֮ǰѾ湬ͳ
ɲһܰ쵽ģ
Ǹڡ
պã۾ݲɳӣ߱˱Լӵţ
ʵ͵Ļҵ߳һû̫ĲӦͬΪ˹ڿᣬҵ߳󱲡
ˣȻҶûʲôĻұȥظǳĻϺ湬Ĺ˳ٺúõһ£ӦôȥԸǸӣҴϻȻĴԼΪİ嶨һľ
ĳҲ׷׵ĸĳҴϹ˹֣ǣ
Ǳˣ
ۼҴŲ̤˷ţЩԭϹĳȴָֻ˲һı飬Щζġ
߳ϱ죬һмģصԼλϣֹ֮ס䣺ǡ
ԼûŻĸɾŪ飬ȴе˶ƾʲô
ǶСļ壬ǲܵôЭУȻҪּԵҲ֮е飬߳СҲΪҴһȴѳҵȨϷ΢ˡ
룬ҴϵĶӣڶʮˡ
ҴҲʮͷˡ
ôͲڼŶȴҪҵĴС֣భ۰
˲˵Ұġ
ߣҪҴϰܵеûаҲͰˣƿҵҲƿˣ˭ͷӿأڳô©ѵӦȽҴϸĶԲ

1515 boss

1515 boss
ǽҴҫǺܸеģ
߳ϾͲ̫
ߣ˵һ˵һɡ
ϾСߵʱҲеεġҶϿ߳ϵĲ̲סȰһǹģ˵ҲǱȽŷġ
ʱҴ˲ңҪңҲǲҶֵģڵʱ򣬲ŸҶĸ
ҴԶ棬Լĳ檱Ⱥ֮ŭϧȴΪܼʱĸϻعԱɸ봫Ҵ׷ҪǴΪǸӸɱ
ҵЩˣȴΪ粻书ֻǸ˶ܣ˻͵͵ߣôġ
ԣҪ˵ĻҵȷҲŹϵģҪǵû⣬ֱӾͽϸ񿴹ôҲûкЩˡ
߳Ųĵı죬ڨڨĲ֪ô
״ҶεҡҡͷҴϵĽŲ뿪
ȴǳŶתĹ򣬵߳ϵǰֱӿ߳ϵļЦ㿴죬ûŶģĻӿڳʱүӹοɲܳܵģ
ʵҵĴȨƿҴϵУȻе˶ףľȨǵүӵϣ¶ҪүӵͷģҪүӲ׼˶ͨҲ޼£ͬľ˶үҪǵͷĻҲûиĵء
ҴصУŲģûа취үӿҴϣԸ⽫е鶼Ҵ˱ǸŭԣҲֱ˵ʲô
߳ϣߵŭǱѹȥģ㿪֮ǹŭ𵱼ڵһٶ˳
ǻͽүҾͲһֱͽүӣơ
ͱҴᣬǰҲܰҵĴǰˣȻƼҴȨ
˺ˣˡ
ֵܺþûˣȥȼɣ
ϼЦŵ߳ȥ棬һ·˵˵ЦЦҲ̸֪ʲôҴҲǴӴǳȥƻصͷéǰ
ʱͷڷдƴǿԼΪϲéݣζҴϵӰɵ˼֣ƳһƴǺ棬˵ţϷм˽ҪȥŰ֮ǡ
ƴǵ˵ͷ˵ǣ˼ʲôҪȥæɣùǣ಻㶯Ķʵʵĵǻ
õƴǵĻشͷЦЦûϵĶǿ㷭㿴һ֮ϸĺǽ͡
ͷЦſڣȻ̤éݵ˲䣬ͷϵƤЦȴ˲ʧĿ֣صĳҴ˹ȥͬʱͷϵҲǺ֮ǰƴദʱȻͬһȻƺ֮
ͷǻ׵ͷûаΥ͸Уǡ
һһ㡣
ʵǿͷȨߵһ
ôн𣿡ͷڣҴϿͷϵıǷǳ
ˡ
ҶҪͳĻϣ湬Ĺ֣һԸǸӡҴϹ˹֣Ǹ׾Σ
˻
ף
ȱ֪ͷݷͬһ㣬û뵽ȻҴϵĸף˾ͺͬһ㣿ȻǲһĹϵ
Ҳѹ֣һϵͷҲҷصˡ
ͷҴϵĻ㱨ϲûаֵ⣬Ŀ˸ſ˿ڣȻˣǱְɣֻһ㡣
ͷ˵һ㣬ͻȻסҲ
ҴϹǰԽ𾴣ǹ˳ģмֺӵģǸף˵
ںֵʱҪǵʵ
ǸӣҪ»ˡͷɣƺôƴǺǸֵĴڣͷǰȴǸ޹ʹһӦһֻô򵥡
ŵǿԳƿܲΪС
ǣˡҴһһ¡
ͷ᲻صļ仰Ѿ˵
ȻƿµȷҵһУܽĻʣµҵӱȺס
񲻾׸ˣ
ҪܺúõİסλᣬŵЩΪã˵ҵʵһΣϾձ󣬾罫ڵ˥ܣȲʢʱ򣬵Ծɱ𽭺Ҫǿ

1516 һ

1516 һ
صͷһеҴϰźú󣬱ٶȰ˰֣ͷĿڣСЩ󱲾ԼããҪˡ
ĥʱ䣬ҵǾ÷Ŀġ
ǣӽ׵Ľ̻壡ҴεĿͷһϿҵϴ̬ȡ
صͷ㲻ȥҴϵı飬ٶȻصéС
ҴȻҲϰͷƢԸ񣬶ͷϺûκεı飬ǳصͷȥıӰĹ˹֡
ֱصͷӰ׵ʧ֮ڣҴת뿪뿪صԼԺ档
ʱҵĶȵȴҴϵԺ棺磬״ô˵
״Ѿͬ˺ͳ湬֣ҪšҴϺҶϱ߱˵ϵıأҾãҪܳᣬ湬ͳ̲ˣǸã
⡭
ҶЩԥǳ湬ƺôװ
Ϊݲףȥų湬ʵҪЩıƣ
Ҵϵıˡ
ҵĵȥһźϢ˽֮ȥγغǽҶȰ裬ҴȴǴ⡣
֮£Ҷֻ
ǡ
ҶϳԺӣܿģٶ۷ҽڲԶŵĵӵϢҴϻ㱨
Ҵϱأû뵽ӻͦб£Ȼٿţ
ҲҪչУΪɵŵʵٳٲҶ֣컯Ūˣ
ҲпǷһҪŷĸͻأ
ҴϲɵһߣȥƴǺһ¾Ӧԣ
ҴϺҶһǰһԺӣֱӱƴڵĿͷ
ʱƴǺһͷй䣬Ҵ׼ԵƬ̵ʱȴͻȻһͷӰҴϲɵ彩ӲǺɵӰڣһʱ֮Щ
ͷл𣿡
ҴĿŽĿҶϣҶЩֵĿŵҴϣеģǳϵĻʺˣô˴磿
ЩϤǴɡҴϲɵ
˺֮࣬ǳĻʺﲻеһ
ȻҪֻϸʮ꣬Ҵǻһִһֻ֣ԼҪҵˣ
ûʲô
Ҵֵʱ滺ƴǺ漸˵Ӱ
Ѿͷ㱨ϢͷǸзִˣȻΪԼֶҪҪ飬ûã㽫ƴǺ˸Żˡ
ͬʱƴǺڻʱ򣬿ҴϺҶϵĳ֣ǾЩģͬʱϲ
ƴǿ첽ǰҴϹ˹֣ҴϴʱҲϵԥ֣ϵЦݱ׽ƣԼ⡣
ƹӣС㡣
ڶλ֮ǰ飬Ѿ˾ԸⰴյƳߵԼҪ󣬾ȫȥ
ԭΨһĻ壬Ҫҵĺ˳ƱΪϹʵЩѣҴϱ˸еİ취ƺƴǺΪƹӺС㡣
Ȳ壬ЩĵߣҲǶƴǺһ𾴺ò
ƴǺϲɵ¶ȻЦݣƴǸǵӦҴϵĻ˱ҪлҴϵĳȫˡ
ò˵ʱĵȴмֵģǵȵҶԼͷģһǿĴڣټ湬ıҪ绹δǻյʱ֮ǰѩǾ⣬Ƕ˼ϣͿԣĳ̶ϣյ̶ȣ
βƴǺˡ
ȻҴѾӦҪһԸŵĵӣôŵӵҲҪӴͨϢñ˴֮ĺﵽ滯
ҴˬʵЦЦǵȻҵõʲôϢҲӦʵƹӵġ
֪ƹӿɷпգ
пյĻǱΣҴ˸ơ
˶ӣʵڲʺЩ飬Ҵ뵥ƴ˵
ϾĶӣνǼҳ󲻿
ƴҲûı˵ͷ񰲸ĿֻҪģȥȥ
滹ŵùҴϵģҵô壬ǲҪԼȥƴǺҪҪڷˣҲûбҪƭǣԹֱӽ˸ϳȥͰˡ

1517 Ϊ֪Ĺȥ

1517 Ϊ֪Ĺȥ
ƴǵҲ˵ʲôȻҴҪʵĺԼһӦ磬лͨһϢġ
ܾܾҴϵҪԵЩò
áƴǵ˵ͷǳվŵֻ˵ңȥȥ
ֻǵƴǣվûƴǵľ
ƴǺҴȥӰʣµЩǱüĽĿƴ뿪Ӱﰵ
УҪķӦΪҡ
ûоһֲĸо
ǸоԴ̤ѩ֮󣬾Ǳ˲ٿһ㣬һ˫۾ڰжǣȴ֪Ĵڣֻǣһߵڣһıѡֱĸоǲá
ǳŮ˶ΣյʱʶľԺԱɣʱر𲻰
ֻȴû뷨
ֻǾҪܺҵֵĻƴӦʱת࣬߶ԸƳҪ̫ҩġ
Ҫҵֺ֧Ͱæֻ֮ƳԸƳĽҩʱ򣬾ҲõĻûҩĶΪˡ
ǿüĽģֻҲҲΪ˴ҵİΣ룬Ҳ㿪ڰο㣬ҿܵǱͼİɣǣû֮ǰʱǺĹϵȲ̫ˡ
ķĲҵĻŽ֮ǱسҲĻҲûʲôΣտˡ
Ǻǻֻûа취϶ֻ϶ǣûоԵĵˣҲûоѣֻ档
û֮ǰƴǺҾǺĹϵΪ˶ԸһͬĵˣҲʲô˺ƴǺͳ飬Ž֮󣬱ҪݺƴǣƴѾصԼĹңҪ֣Ҳǲѡ
ܱ֤ҵİȫ1
Ҳֻˡ濴ֻڸڼεĵ˵ͷ
ȻڴˣҴϺͶ뿪ǵĿͷ֮ӰŴӽлָţʵһĵпա
ĿЩζ
̫ðˣȴܲ
Ƭ֮ϵĽʧٶȿϰŵЩҩĳЩҩȥԼԺ棬һ·ѩڣһֱڼֵ鶼ýҩ
õĽҩȴһֲֻΪ˽⿪ƴϵĹƳ棬ֻĵطõĽҩá
Բ
ܻΪҲҪüĽ
ʵҲǸˣΪǻֻƴǣϾ˲Ů˽ֻΪԼ֮ѪԼɾ裬ȴʼߣұŽأҪƭ²ô򵥵顣
ܸܵõѾԼ˷֮ģٶȥ綼ᱻֻƴǷ֣ʱͰٿĪˣ
һ
һҪڱƴǺֻ֮ǰǽҩƳǺֻ̹ף˵ʵûʲôǵ顣
ţٶԼľϰŵЩҩĵУ¿ʼо
ҴϽƴķ䣬ƴǵʱҲǶ˼ֵ͸̾ģǴ㽫ǰһйһһĺƴ˵
ʵƹӣϷĶӡ
ϷĸȻǸĸ֮ý֮ԣҲǷ޸׺ֻǿϧϷ֮󣬱ҲҲ֪ļ壬ҪӴģǸõģҲǲˣϧ
Ҵϲɵøп
ֳŮɫĳԣ뿪Ů˾ͲܻˣҪΪҵ걻֮ҲһҪҵĺһҪ߾ܵĿ֦ɢҶȡ̵ʱڣٶӴ
ϧʵǲӹҲͰˣϰ书ҲͰˣ̵ͷҲǰȫޣңǷĴڣ
ƴⲻɵ˸˼֣ĵ˵ͷ
Ҫ˵ôһ嵱УķᱻżǻѰũңĶӶΪ׸һĴڰɣȻϣмĸĸ۰ӣܺʲôܺչ˵ġ
ұӭȢһšҴϣƽ
ƴǵҲǿ⡣
һһһ˫˵˼룬ϾǴ˵еġ

1518 粻Ϊ֪Ĺ

1518 粻Ϊ֪Ĺ
ⱾǸ檵ʱмҲ¡
ֻӭȢֻһԼ飬Լı׼ҪҲһһֻ׼һŮˡ
˵ҴҪӭȢһﲢû
ܻ֮ûҵĶӣҲһЩ۰û뵽û뵽ǸӾ;ԼĸίˣȻϷʱɱĸ
Ȼ˶꣬Ҵÿÿʱ򣬶ɵú޵ҧгݣĸ˯ʱ򣬳뵽ķ䣬һĸϵ⣬Ѫ
ΪĸףĸױСѹһͷҪϷҲԭ
û뵽СȻܵʱĸ׵˵ĸҲˡ
ҴϲòϣΪС檽Ŷ֮˴ĶӣǸˣƽʱദʱҲǶСЩƫһЩ֪СЩС˵־ֺ˵㡣
˭ĶƤ˭ĸ׶Ƥأ
ȻЩСϲʱȣȴֲʲôĵĴ£ҲƴǲȱС檳Դġ
ͬҲԼƷˡ
Ҳ˵ʱЩϵЩô
ʹֲҪֻΪЩͺСɥУǲ̫ˣ
üһ
۲Ǻ;УǷ
ĳȴ˵ĺԼĳ檵ʱŶѽ
Ҵû뵽ų綯ײϣ
ҴϵɱģǼСԼߣ˵ʲôʱԼһԼôĶ֪ˡ
ϧʱΪҸ̫أе鲻һеĸϻûŻ˻粻ûСгɾͣ
ȡţǴЩԼ𣿣
ôĳٶȱҴÿÿʱ֮ĺ֮ЩʱҴʼɡ
ŵǽʵǿ
Ȼᱻռпˣ
ǽ
µһǿµһһϵһ
ƴ˲Щпԭˡ
Ϊ磬Ǿʲôűڵı䣬̶ȡȥЩµĹƳ棬û뵽ΪСľŤ
һֿĲ֢ȴǱطҪصĶࡣ
Ȣôֶ࣬ܲܶμ̵Ľɱ
ͷ˲İ̡
ȻҲųҴ鹹ʵڹڮ磬ƴǶ֮ǰΣûʸ۵ģǶ֮ŵ磬ƴȴʵʵڵʸ˵һ䣬ǧ̫֡
֪ǰ飬Ҳͼ
ƴҲûĵ˵Լ˽⣬ϼҼϢһһ֪Ҵϡ
֮ǰܵʱΪ˶ҵ׷ɱ㰵йŵϼҼ·żȻһƵ飬ѧƹƳ档
ӦϼҼϼҼô꣬ϼҼæŵ׷һֱṩҩĺƹƳҪĶһֱ絽书ĵزϼҼԷ٣Ǳ絹һң˸йƱƣǳΪū³ǸǳûһĿš
ţ񻹶ûаԼԭ廻壬Ҳҵ
֪ҽǰҲϰǳɹ񣬾Ͳö֪ˣû뵽ǰǵ˵УҲܿ׳١
ҪϼҼ˵ƴģǴƴǣƴҲȻ¡
Ҵüͷƴ˵ôΪϵıء
˵Ĺļƣʮĳ踺غίȫֻΪһȡ֮λҿڵΪã𡣡
ǲܽӳ׵ĽĻԶΪǱ˴԰ĵĻˡ
ҴĿڣʵ˵ʵΪ˱踺Ļ˽ʮʵǲˣûǸ̵Ը񣬻ʮʱ䣬ȫǿĥһеĳ޺ġ
粻ûбʱӰ죬еĳޱԽǿΪܳɹıѾɥĲĳ̶ȣ˼¡
ǲܳ׽Ļ˭֪᲻ٶݷʮʱ䣬Ȼپأ
Ѿɹһνѵ֮Ҳصˡ

1519 Ǯʹĥ

1519 Ǯʹĥ
ƴǵ˵ͷҴϼûö˵ʲôʹһµĿǵȻ֮ҺҲΪҪնݳϾǱҪ˽ǸǰĹֵʱҲҪǸġ
ߣѩڵڶİգȣĹѾ˳ȺĵزǵɹǣʼͱĻ²ֹ۵ĵӻܵƳϮ޹ѩգҲⳡ̵С
ƴǵһĴ΢΢ţǷĿӱҲء
ԡ˼ǡ
Ҵһ٣ͻȻƴǻָĺ塣
ƴǵ˵ͷԣϣԵĻҴܵҵĵңڳ㽫ŵĵӸˣ̶ϼٰյ
ǹѰҴʱδ̫ţϾѩڣ̫Ļǻѩʵɣʱںһž͵òʧˡ
ϱҪİæˡ
磬ǿԽǣĹƳȷΪ֮ǰĽֺ˽⣬ʶѾɹо˿赲ǹƳĽҩĹƳס
ֻҪ粻ùƳ棬ߴߴ磬һֱֻۡ
ʣµıǿ书Ըˡ
ģ޷ǾùƳȡ˲˵Ĺ书ȺɱǿĹƳԽȻƳڶ࣬ϵʱǺ׽⿪ģֻﶯҲǾþнЩƳ滹δ˵ϵʱȴֻͨĳӰˣҪԸЩӣƴǻǺֻġ
ƺסĹƳ棬ٿƴǺı£Ľһ׵Ķ࣬ЩƵĵӣҪҴϴҵĵȥġ
һ䣬ǽҴϺ⣬ҲĿҪŵЩΪõġ
ƴ˻ֱ֮гȫǵ뷨ǽһõĺ£˵ӯĺ顣
ȻƹȥԸЩƳ棬ôϷҲ㲻ƹƴˡ
һ鶼˵ȥ죬ĹƳȫȨˣͬģڴڼ䣬Ҫʲôҩģ㾡ܿڣϷҵȫȥѰңĻȱǮǾŰյġ
Ǯʹĥ
仰˵һ㶼ûд
ǮҪʲôʲô
ҴˬʵĿڣǸɴʹ졣
ں罻֮ǰб޻Ҫ׼һЩƳĽҩġ
ǱˡƴҲͬмĳҴϵϡ
ҪΪµİչƳ֮࣬ƴҲۣҪǶƴǻĲɵ硣
һ̸˽Ǻ졣
ҴϵĿŵЩӣƴǵĿǾ޹ܵǣҲǲıˡ
û飬ƴǱȸˣȥӺƹƳ棬Ҫʲôʹӵ֮иҴϡ
ƴǺҴϴҴҸ֮󣬱ȲҵֻһҪ飬һҪ
ֻҲǽڵƴǻƴƽŵԷ˻ȥֻʵǰֵĿƴǣʲô⣬˵
֮ǰо⿪ƳĽҩʱһЩƳǺ¹˵ŲɸĹϵġ
й˵ܶ࣬óȻĽɱĻ᲻ᵼһЩйƳ⿪ƳӶɥأ
һܹؼ顣йƵ˲ֻۣƴǺϼҼôˣпŴ˵ڶµĹƳġ
ŵڶ޹ΪĹŵȫйƳδһ˼£̫ˡ
С
пܱƳȺģֻŵĵӣСǳõеĴ󳼡
ЩҪλĴҲѾ˶ˣϾϼҼҰĲһˣҪųĳãЩӵΪµۡ
ҪһͻȻڶ೯ҪλĴȺΪƳĻôḺ́״̬ٶʮʱ޷ָģصľԭʼ޷ƣðһֻŵУʱĹҳû֣Ҳսĳ档
ƴǵЩǵģǵıҲҪȸˣԲҪӿ˵ٶȡ
룬ֻصı飬ƴʵѾ˴𰸣Ȼǻûֱȷ˵ǿϵԥѾ㹻˵⣬ѵĻӰ
ƴϱ΢΢ЩȻ

1520 ʼ

1520  ʼ
ֻƺƴǵĹǣƴǿ˵ƴǣʵͲõġǶԸ˵ʲôܸıģĹµЩƳ棬ֻҪڶԸʱԵһͿˡ
ľ͸ðˣ书ӡסѨһҲʲô¡
Ը˰ɡ
ƴĿصĵ˵ͷȴڵ᲻ƣԼҪʧ֮󣬱û߶Ƴ淢ʱǳɾ׳ˡ
ڳ֮ǰһҪеһжƻãⱻ֣ܳ䲻⣬Ͳ߳ŭ߶йƳĻˡͻȻڣҿųƴǣͻȻһĨζЦݡ
ƴǺֻ˼Цݣ׷׽Ŀתϣȴڣǽ˼ǡ
߳
ש񡣡
Цأڵ˫˸ŹĿ⡣
ôֱӺӲӲģȾ׼˵˭֪᲻ùƳʽԸҵĵǣŪ˾޴
ЩıֻǵĽһ˸ʱжԸͼ׵Ķˣ
ƴǺֻĻ֮󣬲ɵ˳˼롣
ͻȻ
һֱһԲ￪ڣ˵ĻҲǸڳһϣ
һֿܡ
һֿܣ
ʲôܣ
ոƴǵ˿˵ĿǡҪˣЩйƵҲȺˣڣȻ˵пܻᷢһ
ô
ǲǱʾ
һֿܾǣˡô֮ǰµеĹƳ棬֮⿪
Ҫǿɾ̫ˡ
Ƴ漰ڶ࣬ӴҪĻǿǸ̫õϢˡ
ֻ˸žϲͼĿ⡣
С㡣
˳֮֮ô죿
ҹ·ͺѾԶۼĳǽǰ˾ҪɹĵﳯˣǸʱ缴ǷҪץȴҲҪηƴǺֱֻӳ嵽ؾǶˣ
Ӧ൱ڰȫˣ
Ҳص˼ңǻؼȥͼž۵ʱˡ
ֻǺĵûʲôǿܳʲôطﵱŮҲã˼ΪūΪҲãǿԺúõĻȥģһСǽţûԹʲôܹ࣬ʲôҪȻ뿪ˣûоԴӻúܼѡ
ܲܽкĳΰɣ
ǿʵΪѺˡ
ĵļ滹кöڵԼҪٶǸֱҪ˺ĵˡ
ĵĻ֮ȴνģҡҡͷЦЦûϵҪؼȥͼžۿԣұͽԱԺӣͬһͬסţʲô飬Ҳ໥Ӧţô
ҵ߻Щ强ӡЩңҺ֮ǰǸ˭ϼҼҲãҲգƴǺ磬ûȱԼģҲ˽Դ˲Ʊ㹻Ĺ书Сˣ
شǽкʵ⣬ԭء
Ϊֻǽ·˰ȫλֵܷ֮Ҳܽ͹ϵˡ
û뵽ȻҪһ𡭡
ģô㲻Ըסһ𣿡Щʧؿźɵģʶ˲࣬Ѹûмôõʱ䣬ѾĵԼѣūˡ
ĵģԼǿչ˺ԼģԲ㡣
ԼһƯͺͺĴһʱ໥ӦһҪǺʵǲԸԼһĻ
ֻİ취ˡ
뺣ȴҡҡͷûûС
СԸūסһūûвԸġ
ūֻЩСľˡѵûбҪȥ𣿻ĸԸһ
ճϢƽ
ⲻ̫Ը񰡣
֪Ϊʲôܾ֣˷ѾµѰǱ飬ѾҵˣȴҪסũԺô붼úľô죿
ȻҪֲҪסԼļֻǾͽԺӣҲ˵ʲô
ĲûоܾԼϲɵ¶ȻЦݣûҪټ̷Լˣڲ̫㣬˼鳯ųóڽ
ںĿĵطȴСĽԼϵõǿƤϴɾزԼĵλã±˷ôһأӶ߶ߡ
뿪ǿ𣬳Ÿ·Ŀеʱ䣬ϸرƤŵƹƳİ취

1521 ŵӵУ1

1521 ŵӵУ1
ֻǿϧΪƹƳķ̫ϤЩٶҲ
ǲҪֻҪŬձеĻһҲὫƤصеƹƳķģҼʵʩϤա
ǸʱͿԷĵؽƤ٣ҲõĻ˷ܣ˶ĹĴ죬ӶҪ߽Ƥˣ
ǰ·Ǹںĵ
ʱʱģѰСӵټԼĶģСӷ׼չ޵С
ҪƹƳ棬ٲҪЩСӴ򽻵ġ
ǰŹ˵ģЩӺǶģȴһֻҪһ뵽ܺúõİЩСӣܺһǿֹסĸˣҲ㲻ЩСӶˡ
ֻǸտʼԺҪЩСӳΪܲɷֵѣδҸλȨȫҪСӲȥˡ
ȴСÿƵС֣ҵˮƽ֮󣬱ҪĻˡ
飬ҲһԡڸԼһ㣬һߣһǿЩħֻεҡͷ
Ҳ֪뿪֮󣬾Ǻ»ǻ¡
۵ٶȼ졣
߻Ų룬ȴҲû۵ٶȡ
˺ܿı㳬Ϊ׵һŵĵֱӱ뵽ѩڡ
ǽ뵽ѩ֮ۺͲŷ֣鲢ûеô򵥣ʱѩ߾ڵİգû˵ڡ
¿ǿֲƴֵңۺͲͺǴδڹһ㣬ܽܣ
ۣӦôѽ
뵱ͻˣԭǴкֻֻ֮æ⿪ڵĶصģָ书ˣٴۣû뵽˺ü죬Ȼ˵ûҵ˴ڣûң
ôƴǺֻԶĵѩȥģ
ܲ˼ɡ
ߣҲûбҪۿôЦ
һè壬ҿ϶ǴڵģһۺͲ涼ţǾΪʲôΪ֪ѣҪҲеԭĻ¶ʱ֮޷ֻƴǼˡ
ǵǵĲ룬۵Ŀ㿪ڵذοȱġǻа취ġ
Ϊ̫أһֱɽ֮䣬İ֪ɣʵ
۶˶٣ԥſڵʵҪҵҡǺ׵һ飬ֻЩðա
ҵҾ൱ҵƴǺֻðҲֵõģۿ֮󵱼Ӧʵʲô취
ðҲҪһԵģܺùйתҪõĶˡ
̬ƶҲͬĵ˵ͷ漴㿪ڽ͵ҵˣʦڵĻȻǺŹϵģܻ켣ŵӵȺУôǶмһ죬ʱǾͿԳûƴǺͽˡ
һ˫аȵһżϷʺ࣬۵Ļ֮Ҳ˲ȻΣյĵطȫĵط仰˵һ㶼û
ǱѰҵˣͽǰɲһ·ѡֻҪǾСģŵô࣬켣ҲǲᱻֵģȴʱȥѰҵʱۺͲܳûƴǣֻˣ
ǸϽٻȥɡ뵱Ҫźʱ·ߣȴǽ
ʺձﰲȥŵӵд̽Ϣ˽֮㣿
õѡˡ
ҩĿƣÿչ߾ѾģٱܲסұҪʱ̽ŵնء
ǲ벻۵Ļ֮ȴǼᶨҡҡͷҲôȥˡ
֪ҪѩڵȵĻ˵ϻȶõʱ䡣
ôΣȻԵõԼ˸ط͵㵱ϲҲҪԼҲҪ۵ĺ棬㵱淢ʲôҲܼʱ֪ܺùҪĺõĶˡ
ҰɣԼԼ֮ôΪǶڸҷǿ书ĶҩѾܾûټˣֻǶҩĶûŻʹҩЧ˵ǰҪת࣬˵һӦ˵ġ
ĪŲһٶȻصðա
ߵʱÿ춼һΣÿκ棬Եĸо书һٶߡ

1522 ŵӵУ2

1522 ŵӵУ2
ʱڶҵεУҿԺ綯֣ǲ£ڿ͹۵˵ں綯ֵʱ򣬱㲻һܽƵסοϻŹơ
ڵĻڶӰ֮£Ҳ˺˵ֻҪס˵պͼıҲüġ
ۣҰɡ
һҪȥ
Ȼ˼֣Ҳǿн˲زĵطһ·ǽˣҪһô
ڵ˫Ŀⲻɵ󣬱ĴǱˣǱһɣֻǲ룬ֲȥʲôĵطһҪʱĺҿڣǧҪǿš
Ҫ
۲ĵضţɿڣЦݣصĳ۵˵ͷãģԼģԲ
ɻء
滹кܶû顣
ɱ˶ʳ𣬲ԲǣǻȥԼҲԲ
˶Բ֮۱Ųٶ۷ȥǺòߵǼջ
ʱѾڶ׼ãƴҷǰˡ
ī׺ͶīǵǣĶһ᲻ǰ׼
ȻǻЪһЪϢ֮ȥԸҰɡ
ī¶ԥŵĿڣҪȻǰУȥ̽һҵϢ㱨֮ϡ
һĿ֮󣬰˵ʵǿĻһȾҵ˲ˣҵΪûΪû̽
㲻ö֪ˣҲڵȴͶ
ʢʱȥãˣóȻǰȥֻ壬ʱ򲻵˳𣬷ǻԼòʧ
һǰȥ̽ϢΣջǰȫǻ̤ʵġ
˶īƵĽ֮ȴ˰˰֣̬ȼĿ˵ˡ
ҵЩ˽⣬ʱҲûн˵Ϣ޷Ǿҵ˶ڰļƻˣ̽벻̽û̫ĲԺ飬ֻҵҴϣȻһսɱҲĸױˡ
ԶīƵĽ飬絹Ƕס˽ŲĬȻ⣬ȴǽжīɫ֮á
ûвϢ𣿡
ûСϢ
ʱĵ飬ȻûԼڹŲ䣬ʵ뷨ðʱҲǱԼһ
۾ڶīȰǻȻ⣬ֻɼǹŲ䡣
ʵ֪綼һ뿪Լֻû뵽һ졣
ͬһʱ羹ȻһʧȥжԼҪŮˣ˲ͱ˹¼ҹˣζЩġ
뿪ǻУڻԼµĶǳòҩĻȻҪ»ġ
תһ룬ԼҲã϶ǻȥֻϵģֻҽҪƳɢĽҩҲ£Ҳ̫ˡ
ֻԾЩźģûܺúõĸ𣬾ôֱˡ
룬жīϵθ࣬ĳ繰˹֣Բ²δ̽С٣ӦӦѾԶ˰ɣ
īƲȥĿ⣬Ĵͷ
˼ĵ˵ͷֻǵĿ˵û£ⲻ㡣
һ˵ûϣߣҲûа취ģͺҲվ뿪Լ𣿣
Ĺ;ҲվԼϡ
ôϲ룬ȴͲԼûУֺοԼ
ĴǲٶȹһĨЦݣʲôǿнԼأ
߰ɡ
㲻ٶ˵Ⱥĺ档
ֻܼǰҵز鿴ģ̽·ҲɣԴ·ſԡ
߰ɡ
£˲֮ǰīƺͶī໥һۣ˴˽Ǵӱ˴˵пΣȴûа취Ȱ費ֻܸˡ
Ȼ˵עϣûע⵽ȺŲ뿴źƺƵȺ͵͵ĸ󣬽ĩ˵ĴΣǵѣһ˵󣬹ȻǵļƻǶԵġ
Ͷīƽ̸պñǸȥ
ҵ沢һܲģ
ֻиҵ뵽ҵİ취

1523 ׾ӵļ

1523 ׾ӵļ
һٶȳѩȻۼ˾͵ѩı߾ʱ򣬶īƺͶīͻȻþǰǰ˵
ŵĵ˲γеĳ뾯С
ͬʱҲǲ쳣ԶһǿǿƵٶȳԼ˹ɱȻ
£ò˶ãǶ˱棬ϢмԼϤζ
ԭڴŵ˫۶ȻδѾжϡ
˾ʮֵ꣬ʮҪɱˣ
˾ȻҴϣ
δҵҴϵǰҴȴ
Ʊ䣬ҴϿһ˲ҲһԾ𣬴ԾҴϵǰ
ӶѾʮδֻ˶壬ǹǴӱ˴˵б׼ȷжϳԷݣ
һˣǾʱĴݲò˸ı䣬ǹɺȴԶᱻʱĥġ
Ҵϻűģ磬ǳСϷô꣬ΪɽҰȥˣû뵽Ȼǰ
ð
ϷóŻ
ҴܷԼĴڣһỳɡ
ҪҴϵʱãȻ֪ԼĴڵĻôҪú룬ǲǵԼǰʲôɸ˵ıԼϹ
ƾҵı£ʲôùǵ۾
ҡĻҲҪı
Ѿӵ̫ˡ
΢̫ˡ
ʱüˡ
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ԭΪҴϿźƣǸ书ˣû뵽ҴϳֵʱȴǿƣҲѹ֣ΪȨˣҪǲڵĻܷڣ
ӣǴ㵥ǴֱӲӲŵĵӳҵĵҴҧгݣĿ¶׹⣬ں罻ֵʱҲûкȦӡ
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㺦ĸ׵ıĵӸɱ˵Ļǽĸ׾Ȫ֮İ
ϷɱĸףҴϺʲô˵ЦһԲģֱԲģ
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ҪȻǸĵǰȥɣǵʲô⣬Ҳܼʱĳְһѣ
īҲͬģԵİο˶īƣԸһ׼飬˭׸ĵġ

1524 ˣмˣ

1524  ˣмˣ
˵ʲô˾ҪʲôȻ³ֻһ

Ѿǿǰ˵ʱǰķģʱΪǶʧ󣬵Ҵϣ׳ܵסģ
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1525 粻䣡

1525 粻䣡


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ŵ书ǿ˻ԵһЩĹʱֻ˺󼸲סԼе


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һȺں֮ڵķ

ֻ쳣ʹ죬ǿҴģ͸̹ˡ
Ͼ粻żȻ֮͸ܣôŵӵ书Ϊ

1526 ҪǱ

1526 ҪǱ
ڿҿҵϰһ꣬ȴɵľӵϰʮ书
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Ŀ䣬֮ڻŽŲһһĳҴڵķȥǽԼŵģһѣùĳ˳
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1527 һһİ

1527 һһİ
ϵҲǳ׵ıԺ󣬴ʱ˿̣ʲôҲȥ룬ʲôҲȥ˼ɡ
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1528 Ҹôźã

1528 Ҹôźã
ȻĳȴǴӲľ棬뱾Ҳû뵽ȻûйԼΪջԼ˺ԼӲĽԼһ
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ƴǲɵõɴĿ⣬һԵ۵ӰҲǹ˲Ѹ͵ĳŲڵķ˹

1529 Ǿһ

1529 Ǿһ
룡Сģ
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ˡ
Ů˱ߣ
ǾͲҪٴĺˣ
Ҵֱӳ綯֣أҲֱᷴӹԼҪԼ
ǸϧĳѾͷϣôΪ˱ѾͷȫƱǻȥ赲ԼĹ
ʱԼڳû̵ִϣ϶Ӳˣ
ƾ˵绹пܱɣ
ҴϿѪӿǼϵľʹȴҲ赲ϵĵ⡣


СվϷĶ֡ϷȻ㣬ڱܷ㣡ԺôϷţ

ȻҴԤϵûаֵĲ𣬾ҴϵŲ빥ʱϳ֣񾪻ŵǵؽ뻤󣬷ֱȥҴϣ
ҴҲͬƻǰֳ̧ûࡣ

Сӣ벻ɣ
ҴϵŰŵóѵЦݣϷҪɱıˣ

»ôϷ򶷣ٴϵݱҧÿ죡
ɣ
ºˣĿһоƴǺˣҴ޳ܵ£ɵһ䡣
Ǳ޳ܰ
ҴϺôҲҵĹ£ǻһͣȻųһ޹صĹ֣ԴﵽԼĿġ
ô
Ҫûжȥأ
ѲҴϾҪİѲɱ
ƴĿ𺳣ͻȻʼɣԼͽ֣ǶԻǴ
ڱ棬ȴǹġ
ûñɵֶΣڰжҵЩ¹ƣѡ˴ŵڶӣĺҴˡ
˶дкõһͻһ档
ǡ
Ҵϵȴǰ㶼
ƴǺ໥һۣ΢
ǱߣѸǰڻУ˰ȫλá
ȴ൱⡣
͡
һѪӿ
ϱʹ࣬ȴǿϵĲʣֹҴĿڹȥ
ͨ
˲Ҵԭڵ⵱У֮Ȼ·һȻδҴϸ̫ã㿴ٶȳԼ֡
ҡ
֣ɺ
һΡ
û顣
ԭûɱҴϣҪҴϵܺݺݵĥ
Ҵȴ
綼᲻öĲ룬ҴȴҴע⡣
ֵһ𣬾Ͳټȥ˷ѿˣ
ٶȻָɱȻ
ҴϵӰصˤڵϣ˳ʱҴе𾪻δüȥôĺȻϣ׶˺
Ŀ
ҴĿ
ؿڴһȭͷѪѪͣ
׳۵ĳ棬Щһҵĵǣ󷢺
Ѿˣһű˴
ҪǻˣĪ˵Ŀµһ㹻ǵڵˡ
ȴܳŽҴϸˡ
ôʡ
Ҫûб͵ϮɹĻôʲôһҵľ棿
粻ܽҵ˶ɱˡ
ǡ
ʧȴ׾ٵˣ
ѪǲԼʱ򣬱̴
Ѫһ
Ҳû
ҴûгһĻҲûл·ˣ޷ǾĲˡ
ҡ֪֪ǾԲᡭԲ㸸׶֡

1530 վ˶

1530 վ˶
ɫʹ࣬ѵĴӿ˵ЩʵұҲûҪ
ٲãҺɥĲҲǻʣһ֪ġ
ֵþ˸֮ĵģֻҪΪԼðˡ
ңѪƿҪҸļƻû뵽û뵽Ըң
ɫҰףи³һѪ
û뵽ڣҴڶŵĵӴųʱڱϮҲ֪Ϊʲôˡ
ץŲ˫֣Ŭͬ͡
ȻûҲû˻ȥŲ̽ǣԼµĹƳģֻҪѪ춯ܸо
ϵѪ֮ǰѾԼϵ
ΨһĿԾǡ
ˡ
ԼɱҪɱԼҲ֮С
ʹĿŲ룬иΡ
ҲôŵǱƽҲڶ˶塣
ִġ
ΪűҲͲϼҼ֣ôŵĵӡ
˵Ҳǵģû˭һҪΪ˭ġ
֪
ܿ³ǻ᲻úģҲǡ
ǵҪⱲڣлƳĵط¾Ѫƣ˶塣
Ϊоˣʲô
ʲôԲһУ׿ȥһˡ
Բ룬ӺңԼΪ˶ԣԼͶΪһ壬˲롣


ģġ
ɫҰףƴҡͷ˵Լһ㣬ŬĲ˵ÿһ仰
ġ
㶯ɱҵҲҪɱ㱨ġ
Ҳ㺦˶ġ
ûȻΪԼô
㲻ǸˣǸ׼ˣǶڲ˵ȴԼŬȥ룬񡭡
Ƕŵʱ
վǱ˶
ǵ֪һ֪᲻ڣԼ˶壬Ϊ˶

紽ŬһĨЦ̧֣Ҫȥæۿжᡣ
κΡ
ֵģѪȾֻ֣ǵ˰бٶȴȥúչԼ
ֻôһ仰㳹׵ı۾
硭硭뱧ʬףʹࡣ
ƴǣ棬ۣʧʹ޵Ĳ룬ʱζӡ
ڴ֮ǰʱ޿̲žβɱظȻ統ǵǰʱ򡭡
ֽǺɻ⡭
Ȼ
򵥡
ͻȻ
ô
ƳĽҩأ
ЩйƵأ

ո̤볯ĹδͺĸˣڻصϤĵطʱ
ͻȻվԭأɫ԰׵ˣкЩæҵĻš
С㡭С㡭ôˣ
ʲôط𣿡
ĵǰеĿȴǰ˰֣Ȼɫ԰ףҡҡͷûû¡
ǲ֪ΪʲôͻȻܵ
ոһ˲䣬ֻúʲôҪĶҪ˴ʧȥҲһ㡣
۵ġ
Щ׶Ĵ̹ǡ
Ǻܿģ׶Ĵ̹ǵĲʱʧˡ
ʲôҪĶʲôҪˣ
ûʲôֵȥϧںˣʲôҪˡ
֮ǰеġ
һ˼ǷϣϧվǺԼͬİ·ڡ
ӦҲûʲôں˰ɣ
书ôߡϿѾûκ˺˼Ҳȥ˺˲ǡҡҡͷЩе˼׿
߰ɺġ
ȥһŵĵطȥĴ̽һ£ûʲôʵլӣһҡ
ûҵʵԺ֮ǰȥջСס졣
Ӷ㿴ŰźˡޱĽԼֵǮĶƱ˺ĵС
κĵΪ˵ģֲЩϵ飬ȥǷġ
ɺȴݸԼôƱɵþò졣
⡭С²аɣ
ôò˵ģԼţֻūȥլӵƱͺˡ
˵Ĺ򣬱ҪЩƱ
ĸʱ˵˵̲̣˽Ĵġ
ʵƽĶۣҲǸˣôãʲôûеõЩӾΨһʣµļҵԼ
δ̫ˡ
˵ʲôҲҪ
ϷԼĵͺܸˡ
ҡҡͷžУ֮ǰұӦ뿪ҸһʷӣԲΪƷ
ֻϧ޷ǸŵЩ㻹ǲҪͬҿˡ

1531 ǰ1

1531 ǰ1
̯̯֣ЩεĿЦҲûʲô̫ĻֻǼ˳ԷˣЩӦʮ겻ɡ
ü룺ǻűİ취׬Ǯȥã㸻ԣٻҲɡ
һСںĵٺ»档
ϧĸԼôãͲܸˣǸţҲû˻ͻؼҡ
ĵļ˶ڼ尾š
ǿӦġ
һ·һҲֻкҶԼǹģ涼ġ
ŰɡЦЦյ˺ĵİ棬鵹Ǹſࡣ
ɽּľĻ˳
ֲùô˶ϲɽ֣Ҳϲ㾲׺͸ɾˡ
ǡ
ĵվǺܶɣκ̬ȼҲ㲻ѣ˻˵С㣬ūȰţҪЩӵĻֻܺū˵ūȥʲôðʲôֻҪǻӵĻū澶ϸ¼ʱҲ㡣
ЦϳȻЦݣУȥɣҹǻҸϸĵġ
ھúŶǿЩҵطȻúϢһ°ɡ
ͻȻƤͷɰģǽк΢΢һ㶣û뵽׷ҲĻ
ʵϸ룬Ҳ֮ǰЩˡ
á
ʵ֪𣿡
ûбϼҼصѵ֮ǰҵгһָܻ޾һƬԼϲأϺÿסš
û뵽תת֮䣬ȻڵǿԴԸˡʱЩп
ǰС㡣
ūڹʱҲܿЩʮͼžۡ
Цŵ˵ͷȻҲǺܲģ米ôã»ص˹أָϿԺͼžۣı÷ĸˡ
ǣںĿĵطĿȴԽļᶨ
˿ܼȻĻϺܶ࣬ҪƹĻǻĲ㡣
ǺסŵҰ⻷ҪӦ٣ʺƵĳҲܶ࣬ȥԺץһץˡ
ǹļء
ȿʼƵʱֻѡһЩͨСӾͿˣһЩʵҩġ
Ź߲ŶƹƳҪߣҩҲʼ
ȻǲЩӼҲ᲻ɽգֻҪ˹ţԺҪǻֵ飿
ֻҪԵĽǹƳھеЩȨ󸻹˼ȻҪдܲٻˡ
ܳûǾеȨ󣬰нӵԼ
ƴǺ粻ԸԼȨƣҪԼһȡ
һ滹ǺĲҷǳڴġ
ѾԤϵгһգԼĹɾͣҿ˳ҪλĴ󳼣ƴԼǰҲò׳Ƴģ
Ǹǡ
һʹĳ氡
ҡ
ųЩǺܿı㱻ҵĵǸס
Ȼ
еȴûмֵɣǱȴǰ
е˶³ʾ⣬ƴǺֻѾҪƴĳ̶ȡ
û뵽ȻľΪ˱ˡ
̫ͻȻ
̫ʡ
ִ̫١
ףʣµӦôأǵϻйƳѽ
ƴǣʱľûбĹ𣿡ֻǵ´ƴǣûֳ鶼ֻƴǺԼġ
Ȼ
ֻܾãȱʲôҪĶһ׷ʣ㻹𣿡
Ǿʲôĵط
ֻûоòͬѰĵط
ֻеĿѯƴǵķӦӦ
ֻ֮£ƴֻҡҡͷûУʲô쳣ûС
Ǻ˵ĹƳͲ˰ɣֻԶ⿪
ҲδΪ
һͬĵ˵ͷйƵ˲٣ֻƴһˣۣôŵĵӡ
ҪǵһͻйƳܵӰĻЩŵĵˡ
ӦǶˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
￪ڣҲ˼ĵͷǰ
һ¡
룬պû˻ܵƳȺˣӢü΢΢
ֻЩĲɣ֪ΪʲôĪЩ꣬ʱ̫龫ǵİɣŻĪķꡣ
£ǻиҪȥ
ѾˣôƳͲΪ
ֻҪûµĹƳ棬ЩѾֵĹƳƾֻҽгĽ׵İæ綼ҵİ취
ڡ
Ҫǡ
뿪
죬ֻ˵˸͵Ŀƴǡ
ǽжǱضǸ֡
һ˵©죬ҵ˷ľͲˡ
ۼҴϵıɵĳ̶ȵģңôĸ߸ϣһ

1532 ǰ2

1532 ǰ2
Ķ£ȴǽ˾öĺƲ
ҴϺôҲҵĹ£ҵ棬ö֮ô˵ǰҪӵ쾡£ô
أ
˵ԲԽҴϲʵĿ
ڶҵݺûдġ
ҵˣ治Ҫ
ҪǵˣƴͣǲųѨѡ
Ӧ취ȥǵһҪ顣
ֻʾ⣬Ҳǵͷͬǰƴǣ鶼Ҫ
Ӧ÷ͷһλġ
Ҳ˵һйƵϼҵӣҪְĴǵƴǺֻȥտ
ǡ
ҴıֶΣҲ㹻Щ˵սľ
ȻȫȻңҾġ
ܷչܳڵģȻĺ;ϣȻߵǿƵĵز漰ʱҲǾԲġ
ƴͬĵ˵ͷǣȴüĽĿ˵ͻ˵ǣǣǲֱܾӵߡ
ǡİ취
ôŵĵҴأ
ܣЩ˹ƵĵһӾȫȻûŵĵط
˵⣬ƴǵĴǱͻȻһĨص΢ЦζֻϣֻЩãȻģֻƴǵ˼ҲĿƴǡ
ף
Ұյʱ䣬Ȼȥ
Ҳæһ£
£ֻ㲻ȥƴǵı飬ֱһԵı嵽Լķ䣬ʣµЩԡ
ֻ󣺡ôżæŵҪʲô
ֻ͵͵Ľ˷棬߿ڣǿ϶ľô򵥵ķŵЩӵģƴǺͽ㶼пҪֵĽڸ
ԣΪ˱ǲֱ˵ҪߣҪЩŵĵӣӵҷУ
ֻ˳Ŀ⣺ʵŵЩ˵δһ¡
ҲҲ֮ǰǰ򵥡
ƲҴ϶ԴʱЩٶǿҶԴЩŵĵӵʱ򣬾֪ҿ϶ǲġ
˵
˱ֲ˫սҪȥôĵӣԴǵ˵ΪŵӺá
ǰػģ
ͬĵ˵ͷţô˵ȷӦ÷϶˸۵ġ
Ұɣ
ˡ
ʬͱʵ˲8ǽɽϣŵĸҲǱģҲǸĸӵһȫ
ǲȴĳܾ⼸鷢ĺξһ
롭Ŀ֪ʲôʱ˲ķеģῪڣǽĲ˻
̫ˡ
㲻㣬ҲҪġ
вԱС
ôĻ£ֺôˣ綼Ҫ˱Ӧ
ۼţǲûж֣Ҳǻƴǻ˵Ľµġ
ҡ
ڲУӦҲһοɣܺùҪҴɱǿöࡣ
㡭
۱ҪȰ˵ģȻ⻰ոտ֮󡭡ȴͻȻסһŵĿŲ롣
۵ʱиõԤС
ѵ㡭
ѵѾڲ֪ϲ磿ԲŻ˱ˣһնû
ûнԼĻ˵ڣֹģȴǽвҲĻ
ѵЦڲϣ˫ԭ鶯ĿҲ۵ϡ
ʲôأ
ûϲ硣
ֻǣһ̣Ͽ˶ƽʱҵ񡣡ѵõЦֽ£ֻɫ
ҲǴĸʱʼڻɣǲǶûţ繲һ壬ʱ򡭡
ҲǶң
вתô죬ӴʱҲǺܾã˴֮仹ôѪڡ
벻ȥϲԼĳ˵ġ
ֻǡ
Բ˵̫˰ɣŻв⼸Щ겻Ĳɡ
ĵ˵ͷһ˫аȵһĿ΢˼֣ɡ
Ͼ׵ôģ˭籾Ҳֲ塣
ǲ룬ȻʱЦŵģô㲻绹ǶӦǸ˵ġ
Ŀֿ

1533 ǰ3

1533 ǰ3
Щʱµ飬ǽѡ
۵ЩпӦþˣ˲ǡ
ʬۿ
ѾܵĲӡ
ͱѪɶգ֮ţȫΪѪ֧塣
ţҪΪҳ֮Žⲻ޵Ļû˻Ը⽫Լ˲ģ
һ֧䣬ΪӵĿܣҲӦ뷨
ɱҴϣôһֱҪĳ𣬶ֲǳӵĿƣ˲ĻУ˵õĹޡ
Ȼ˵Щ涼׵ģף᲻ѹһ¡
ϾһȫȫĻŲ룬㻻ҲܰѹûУȫ޶ԡ
ˣˡ
˵ҲԣԼҪҪȥֻһζĳڱ˵С
޲ɸĽ
ȻŬһĨ΢Ц
ĸҲԼǵ֮ŵΣԼôŵĵڵȴԼȥѹƳĥ
ҲʱӦʼеԼϵΣһζӱˡ
ҪȥһˣҪҪһȥ
ԴĿۣ룬ոջοֵֻۣʱ˲һ˫аȵһж˼ֳɡ
û֮ǰȷҪȥƴǺֻһ£ӦôһֶԸ磬۱ûӽֻĽˡ
ֻѾƴһ˳ãȶһͬġ
ʱ򼴱ԼҲֻߣҲֻǻֻƴ֮ĸͽŵİˡ
˵ףҲǸõ˳׷ֵʱˡ
ȥɡ
һҪȥ
񿴴۵˼һ㣺ҪߣҲӦøú˵ײߣúõ𡣡
뿪ǻлʼնǣ㣬䡣
վԭسɣȴһЦ˳۵ĸ첲
ˣ߰ɣԥԥĿɲԸҪ֪£ɴֻֻƾԼϲãȫ飬ĥĥġ
𵱳ŵӵʱ򣬲ϻЩأ
£ⱲֵûģӦþۺδ˽֮ǰʱֻǸֿ̰ҴС㣬۰Լĵ÷ƫ̻Ķйϵ׺ͬʦֵܣ
и͵͵עۡ
һ飬ıһˣŬĸĵԼȱ㣬ȡԼϲˣֻһ˱óԥ˼ɣһСıԼϲ˵ǰ˴¡
ȻȰ˵ۣҲͬڱȰ˵ԼҪĺʹǰ˵ټ
ҲǿʼЩˡ
ǸűԴӡ
ô˵ᣬҲû¹ϲ˱ĶԴϲ˱ֱɱͿˡ
ĲҲǽͬһ貣ϧǰãûа취ٻȥˣʱȥôã˶ѾǵǰɬۣҲԾҪȥһе顣
á
ԣԭЩԥǶʱվԭĬȻЦЦҲǽڲ󣬳ֻƴڵԺȥ
˵Ķԡ
ҪҲӦúúõĸ뿪ֻƬﶼû£͵͵뿪
ѾһΣԶˡ
Ǳһɣ
£۴ǵĳŲķ˹ȥ
ġ
ҲǴվԭؿŲЦһ˲䣬ʹ۵ķֻֻҽ
ʵǰķȻидĲֹǲ룬ۡ
һҵ飬ڻŵʱûܿԼ⣬ǵ֮ǰԼ澿ҪʲôʲôϧǸʱһж̫ˡ
Ѿûʱȥˣֻܴźĵ뿪䡣
ҵǣǸ˸ѣôҲپĴصޡ
۴ǲԾһĨȣǰŲҴңڽ󣬻ʵЩʱ򣬲پȥǷŹ˱ˣǷŹԼ

1534 ǰ4

1534 ǰ4
ͻȻܵĻź
Ѿڲ֪жȹת۱ǿ֦Ѿ⣬Ҫˡ
ˡ
ֻͲԺĲԶʱֻպѾƺҩۣš
Ѿӱ߳Ĳ룬ֻɵþøˣĴʯͷڿŸŲһֻۡοۿҲɵú
ֻǿԼˮŲ֣տʱ򣬿ҪǸˡ
۳ֵͻȻҲͻȻ
ʱĲץʬףһ仰˵ֻ̲סĴۿ䣬ڵϣ겻ģԱߵ˸ǰȰ裬ѩϼ˪
ƴȰֻҪǰȥŲ룬ò밲һû뵽ָٶ죬ҲЩǵ˷ˡ
ֻĿĿŲ룬Ե治еģ۽ǵȴǲԾһԵ۵ϡ
ۻָòֻŴҴ֮ҲûϵֻһǻȥţǸܹƳĥҲԼеıӦûмͣǶʲôطһĬĬŹƳĥ
ҪֻĻֻƴǶóȥҲ޼¡
ڣۺͲһȥûȷ飬Ҳ㹻ֻˡ
ֻڻûԼԼݣһʱ֮䲻ϣҪֻԼ˼װ۲ʶġ
봽һĨ΢Цǰ㡣
þûмˣû뵽ռҪͷæ⿪ڵĶ
лͻϵģǲĲԡ
˵ĵĻǾ֮ͰˡֻЦĿվ۵ϡ
˼˼žκֻס
롭δȲش۱㾶ԵЦЦֻע֮»ĵֻǰʺиܵӰ룬ҳôǸˣ
ۿԼݷֻ֣Īϲ嶼̲ס΢΢Ĳ
㡭
۴Ŀ⣬īĿЩΣ㣬ոߵǸСѾָ˼䣬ۣΪ滹ǹŴǰĳޣڻָ֮ϻȥű𡣡
ǶСĲԣ㣬ǲϵˡ
ۡС㣡
ֻ۵һΥĽʱŵˮվҲûйǵĵҸˣ
Ȼ֪
˴ǰǺ£ҪͲ»Ҫȥģʲô𣿡
һֱڵģ֪һֱģ
ֻʣ˫ֽճȭصô۵Ŀڴڵ˫Ŀ˸ỨǾ仰Թŵ۲Ƕ𣬿ĿȴǶ۵Ĺġ
ֻ֮ôƴȥŴ̽˵ƴڵĹƳ棬ҲƢ᲻ŵĵΧС
㣬㡭Ҵˡ
ҵĴ
´ҾԲٲֱˣԲᣡ
ץסֻôԼ󣬸ֱӽֻڻУòȴֲʧ׽㣬ͱҵˣ
ֹֻס˶תͷ֮ȴǲԼᣬ֡ΪЦĸо
۵һλ㣬ʹѾ˴ǰ飬Ը̹ȻԴǰĹǽԼЩ£Ը½Լ
Ҳš
ڣֵʲôǰ飬ʲôˡ
ôãֻΪԼҪȥҲ֪òܿһУ»صԼǰĿԼŽ㡣
ҸȻ죬ֻЩˡ
ôˣ
ǲ̫õʱ䣬㲻ϵСˣ
ĻСҪʧˣС뿪ЩӴûйһ˽ġ
۹ɵЦſֻƤòֻҲסЦ˳
ꡪ
İۣûĹû컬ıµǸų١鱻ôһŪҲź˺ܶࡣ
ֻҧŴ۽ǵˮȴʲôû˵ģָһòԵӵ
˵ģֻһΣҪһΣٲĻұҲԭˣֻۿ΢졣

1535 ǰ5

1535 ǰ5
δݷ㿪ֻֻ֤˵С㣬ǰ飬ܸˣĺܸˣӭ
ֻϵĳ棬Ҳ˸ˣֻǡ
ڲɵʱǻȿһЩȥһŵЩӰɣЩġ
ĿǵǣֻҲѸٵĲԼỨ˵ͷһɣ
ҲҪȥЩǣһڵĹƳ浽ʲôˡ
룬һ˸׼ҪȥڳפŵӵʱҵĵȴͻȻǰǵԺֹЩ˵ĽŲ
ǰҵЦӯӯĳֻڣǶү뼸λ֪ƹӺСںδ
ҵĵһ£Щ˵ҪƴǺΪ󣬼Ҫ˵ҲҪƴǺ˵ǲٿǲеġ
ֻͲ໥һۣǴӶԷв鿴һĨζ
ҪǰھܾҵӵҪ󣬲ֻȴصס˲룬ҡҡͷ
밴סԼҪ˵ĻĿֻֻѾƬ֮Լĸ飬ЦŵĿǰŵҵЦƴǺϢҪĻȥǽһ¾ͺˡ
ֻиҪһ£ҶҶϵ𣿡
ǵֻĻЦŵ˵ͷ˵ء
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ãǱԵȺƬ̣ȥƴǺͽ
ȻһȥҶϡ
ǡ
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۴Żɵĸֻһͬȥڡ
ǲȴǼˣѯֻ㣬Ҷ˵ʲôҪлǣ׼һǹȥѵǵҪȥ𣿡
ʱǻʶֳԼʵһ棬
ܾǰ񼫵ˣʱҲȻ򣬷ʡԼǰǲǴˣҿʼڡ
Ҵϵãû˿ļ󣬷¶ȻֱӶȥ˺Լ
ȥǿ϶ҪȥġԲʣֻ̬ƶֻδǺ磬ҪǵôӦˡ
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ƴǺ漸˳ֻһҵĵӵĴת۱㵽Ҵá
ڣҶϵϸһпɰЦݡ
пֻ˷ĻϲҶϻЩлֻЩ˵ĳֵġ
Ҫ磬Ҵøͬھ³ҲΪҵĵˡ
ңǸͷ̬ȼƢִֻ֣Ҫ飬κ˶Ϊ棬֮ǰͷӾͺǿҴϣҴĲãȴ˷Ե£һӵûпڵĻᡣ
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Ҷܺȿ˵˷ҪлλæѣһǸ͵ϮҳɹǸĹƳҵڶУǺԤϵġ
͵һ£ȴҪǿбס˿Цġ
Ҷһһ۵˵ţΪ˱ʾлλҶգҺúõλԾ֮ǣŸλҺںתһתԱʾǶԸλѺ֮顣
֪λΣ
ƴǺ氵н񣬽ǴӶԷпһζ
ȻԤϵĽһģһҹȻڽŵΣ֮󲻴ˣȫ˵ĺã˵ҪƴǺֻҺѩںתת
˭֪ҵЩϺ͵һԳҲƴֱ߰Ľ˲С
Ҵ֮ǰԴǵ̬ȣǿɶĵģ㲻ͬƼ˲ͬԸʹȻǣǵ̬ȴǰ˾ŲʮģȨ˵˼뿴
ͻȻôȻڽʱ䣬ҪƴǸǿңȴֲôֱӺƴ˺ôһ
ƴǱĴ΢΢һĨȣҶʢ֮£ƴǸ˼ĵ˵ͷԭΪһЩסͻţҪһ뿪ǿҶⷬ飬ǲѡ

1536 ǰ6

1536 ǰ6
ȻҶϲðԱͣƬʱ䣬ƴҲúüʶһЩܹɽڵ½һӴĵ¡
˵ҳĻʹ
Ǻǡ
Ǻǡƹ˵Ļ̫ˣҲżȻĻʶһǹ˼룬ϧ˶ûǸԭֻǱһԵ̬ȵģû뵽ĳɹˡ
ҶüŵЦݣƴǵⷬ⣬²š
ΪЩжأû뵽ֻԶЩԽܽЩ˸ȥǸˣʡ첻˲ˣʱûа취ͷӽء
ƹӣС㵱ǿˣܺλصཻҵĸ
ȻˣҶλ֤һչ˺øλӽ쿪ʼλҵϱʲôҪȿֱӺǿڣ飬һȥġ
Ҷϵ氵ˬֲҴôԭλϵʱ򣬸оôá
ƴǹ˹֣ʯһ˸Ŀ⣺˶лҶˡ
ֻǣƴһһ΢ЩġƴϵЦݻȥ̶ϵıҲűҪ˵ĻҲֹ¡
ʲô飿ҶϿƴϵıأҲɵøŽǰѯʡ
ƹʲô鲻ֱ˵ؾò˼ԥҰﲻæôҲܺͼλһͬԲߣ
ǶһˣҲǱҪ׺񼸷֡
ƴͬףʵҲǺûʲôϵǳЩŵĵӡ
ЩӾݿɿϢڶŹƳģԲŻᱻƣһ·ĽŲѩΪĹߣѾˣǶµĹƳ棬˭֪ʲôܣ֪δ᲻
ƴ׵ЦЦһŵЩ书߳ڶ࣬ѱΪ⡣
ƴĿͬҶϺ֣صķš
ҲΪóȻĲ²⣬ֱӽôŵĵӸĻʾ̫Υ˵һἤȺڵŭʱΧ͸ˡ
ǰȷġ
û뵽ȻôѰ죿Ҷϱƴ˵˵ˣҲϱ
ǰҵҲƷƷ˺ҵѪǣϧΥ˵һ˴ɱ
ҵ˲أֶ̫ͬײУһͬնɱֹһɱ¾
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Ѿҵˣ
ǲ֪ƹӼλɷнİ취أҶϽĿ⿴ƴǵ˵ϡ
ƴüĽҲ㲻ϷֻҶҲ֪ͨһЩҽģǸƳҲһֱоҪǰȥЩŵĵΡ
ЩƳˣڵĻǵǽԴϲĺ£ЩƳ滹ŵӵڵĻҪоһ£ܲҵƳİ취ŵĵ˵Ҳһ£˵Ҳһͷ󻼡
ҶϾƴǵ仰˵üΪλҲûľ͵˵ͷ
ƹ˵ĺܶԣŵЩûйƳ֣ܹϸļһ±б޻顣
ȻˣƹӺСǱǰȥɣϷҲͻңȥһҵļλ¸صĴһͬ飬°빦
ƴʾֻֻƵҩܱܲĴˣһҪ⣬ֻЦŵ˵ͷ
ƴŴӦҶϵĻȻٺòˣǱֱ߰ɣó䡣

ƴǴֻһ˺ܿ˿ڶӵĳ⣬Ҷ϶ݵĺƴǼ˷ֱֺ֮ܿĴһȺ˸ƴǺֻ˵
Ҵͬھ֮⣬µŵӺҵĵ˵ʧġ
īƺͶīĹĻǱܡ
ۼŲֻЩ³ǵǰīƵҪΪ㣡
㣡īƵϳ˲룬ĿݵĿŲ룬ҳŲŭ
ôãǨ㣬أСˣȻ֮ǰΧʱҪ㣬㻹𣿡
ڲʼնһݵ״̬ܲʲô綼û̶Ҫԣ˽ߣҲŹû˼׷ɱǲأ
رģֽš
Ǹᡣ
ȷˣҵЩȴǲģûкǺıɱȴǸʵ

1537 ǰ7

1537 ǰ7
ˣԶīƵָʱ򣬰粵Ļ˵
类ɱˣǲҵĵӺıȥΧҲԵûôҪˡ
Ų뽥Ŀ⣬жīԽԹ
īƺ޲ֽɱˣǺڣΪʲôҪķԸûֱӽɱأ
ô
ôԾĴۿе䣬һ˲䣬īƵΪʲô֮ǰ²롣
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ȷǸ
ͻȻīһĳŤŲ룬е˶ʶ㶣ǲ롣
ոս£ȴôīƸԶīƵʣȴ޻˵ġ
ܶе˶ĺе˶Թ硣
ΨȴûǸ
罫һõĶ˲룬ٲĻҲûаԹԡ
ԶīߵָֻᣬƴȷӦһԣĿŶīơ
ֻҲ̸ǰοĻ
뽫ۿеˮ˻ȥ΢΢̧ͷĿĿŶīƺͶīס
ǼŵˣȴһţΪ
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ÿ˶ŲͬȷĳЩ̶ǿǷģҲֲīͽڱ˵ģ
ž
ֱ̧ڶīƵϴһơ
ͬˣŵĵӶǱùƳסģѲĿƣΥĵ飡
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ҵĵӿһ׳ҵĳ棬ɵõһ
ҶҲЦǺǵĴԲǻȰҪ°Щ£֮нɣ
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ҵĴֽпŷֱǰŵǰǽа
ҵЩϴɻüĸǲɵý
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ڹƳģ
ҵЩȴҡҡͷʾεؿҶϣԲϣʲôûܷ֡
ЩҵĴѾڣ˵˲̽쳣е˱㶼Ŀֻϡ
ǲֹ֪㣬ûʲô֣Ҷѯʵ
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Ĳִ٣δ½⿪ƳĽҩұеĶҲûзйعֻƬڣǵ˸нҩЩŵӷõʱˣȴΪЩûнҩ˷ҩʱ䡣
ǵңȥЩ˶ʧأ֪ԼʲôʧȥǣӶɴ
ʲô𣿡
ЩҵĴЩֻĻոʱŵЩһ糣Ϊʲôֻоͳҵˣ
ֻ֪ỳɣ˵ǵ׼λ򣬲һ»ǰλӣȻ¶ۡ
ԣҵЩǰֻ̽ǰŵĵӣȻҵĴֻǰǸŵӵʱϱĿ𺳡
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ΪʲôǸոЩӵûгأ
ЩҵĴǰ˺üΡ
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ܼλϵǸйƵʱεŵĵйƵʱ磬ԲŻͼλϽŲͬ
ֻҪٶһŵĵֱܷǲ˵Ķˣ
ֻһĨЦǰƳҩ۸պõ֮أЩŵĵʱ͵͵ǵϡ
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ֻҪƿſǣ֪£ܽ⿪뿪ˡ

1538 ǰ8

1538 ǰ8
ȻЩЩԵ̬ȣȺ˼ǣҲǵ͸ոֻϵǸӵһģһҵ˺¡
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ֻ˵ͷЩҵĴɵȻЦЦλô룬лˡ
̸ϴͽֻ̣Щ飬Ըͼλһ
ΪҽߣеԭβˣܽЩŵϵĹƳ⿪ĻҲ³Ϊҽҵˡ
ֻǡ
ֻϵЦȻֹ˵ĻͻȻס
ЩҵĴԣæĸѯʣֻʲô
ʵҪ⿪Ƴ沢رѵ£ҪҩҩйڵĹƳɱǿԴӸԴϽ⿪йƵˡ
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ֻƳƴһۣɷµļơ
ҵЩȴú棺ŶôС㣬ʲôҩĲſҩأ
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ҲҲģǺ˵Ҳ޼£Ƕ˼˸һǡ

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˵λҩеĻÿóȼü֮ģҲС֮ˣҩĶأֻҪܽ⿪ЩϵĹƳ棬ҶԸġ
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ЩҵĴǲɵõ˵ͷʾԼͬ
һƴǺȴڼԼϵЦ⣬ֻ֪һĺ˵˵ԼȴҪ಻ܴЦĸоġ
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ǰϣãҲʱǸ뿪ˣҵȾĻһһʱǰ߶ȻˣҲжæһѰңҵĻҲǰȥš
е˶Ѿѩ⣬ٴҲ磬ʱƾҵı£ҪĹк裬»ЩѶȵġ
ʱҶϱҪڣңҲǲˡ
ֻĻҶ϶ʱЩãȻ
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δֱӺƴǵĳ湬˺ĻҲҪҶϺúõƬܾ֮õ顣
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1539 б

1539 б
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ҵ˺ȾȻǰҽŵЩӵģȻ֮ǰǱŰԣѪƷʱ㻹ҪҶչˡ
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Ȼӣ֮·֣ĲֻǸƽҲڶֻ࣬ΪЩƽյݱ΢ҲţֻⲡŴҴҵ
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ԡ
ةɫţ΢ɣʲô֪Ĳ֢ǲܼʱƵĻҪиܺ
ʱٴѾǰȥһˣպûͻʺˣ

1540 㿴˭ˣ

1540 㿴˭ˣ
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ȥ׺ͰˣȥȻһͬȥ̽һɣ
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ʱܾó̫ƽڹеӿɻã
ة಻ֻ֪ԶУΪڹ氲ȵĻʺء
ǳ֮еةȴʱ̵Ĺעš
ǰʱƴǲ֪ô£Ȼö˶˵ּҪ̫ϻʣǽеĳȨӡ
Ī˵ǲģСܴͣ
ƴǺֻ׶ϷˣľһǷ˲õĴ£Żõ̶ֳȡ
ةҲһֱš
ϧô£¶ֻǻشԼƽûа취ةֻܴڼ潹ĵš
񿴼ֻõĳԼǰةҲԵķˡ

ΥĿةǴȰ񣬽ֻǵةĸ첲ůŮʲô顣
̲סϵŮ
úõչԼ壬ŮŻģŻøأ
㰡㣡
㣡ȻֻҲǵֻǵ㣬ȻҲأ
㣬ǰЩǻյ㱨ϲţأҲ˵㡣
ԣֻ۰ȻԴ
һʱ䲻ȻҲ࣬ҲЩ
֮ǰֻûҪºȻͬһԸˡ
ڣةһˣȻʱߵģ
ֻͻȻԼѡǶôǵġ
ҺûȻʱةߣة겻ô¶
ˣֻϢɵ¸ˡ
Ϲºܺã߲ûˣϹҵѪҲǵõˡ
á
ֻ룺пձţ̥лᣬȥһ£
𣿡Ȼɢ⣬ǵֻ֪ˣ
ˣɺãһֱھĵӣ
ֻһȦϸ꼴ǻҲӦվڴҵĺЦӯӯĿֻġ
ô󶯾ȴûϸꡣ
ϸʲô˰ɣ
ֻĪĵǣȻҲЩüأϸһֱڰսķӽţֻǴ˵ʵ̫ˣ̥ࡣ
´ˣȴںϲ
Բûġ
Ȼ
ϸ̫ˣСĿѣ̥ʮأǰѲ
񡭡
ֻһȻĿ֣صĿةࣺ˵ŮλҪһ˵ģ
ֻڵ˫˸⡣
ةЩ⣺Ŷ
˭
ֻȴδش𣬶תԺĴŴţЦء
󡭡
˵Ŀע֮£Щ˼Ļĳ˵ǰ
˻
Ժʱһ󵹳
ة׻ȻǾгҵ찡
˭
úǽ㰡
ѵĸ𣿡Ȼױ𺳵ˣĿĶϣǾɫֻ·һģ̳ġ
²ûЩĺۼžͶ֮мֳζ
Ȼȴע⵽ֻڽ˵ʱ򣬶Ǹ˵ĳƺ

ǽ𣿡
ةҲŻعǰȻòϺֻ񣬵ϸȴܷ˵Ĳ֮ͬ
ϴ͸©ʹȰֻĮЩĸоȫһ
ةһʱ֮䲻ɵЩпǡ
ãҵͿˣֻةǰɵп
ѹҺϸ˫أ
ԭǼ򣡡

1541 ֻ

1541 ֻ
ҽѧ˫ӵĻǻŴģ˫ӣô˫ӵĿҲǻ
Цĵ壺򡣡
ةĪˣĿҲ
ȴѿةֹ
ة̫⣬ֻҵֻǸʲô֮䵽ʲôܡ
ڻ˵ة΢ģֻǿйǣͣǶة˵ȴⱲҪˡ
ﲻǶһ߾ô꣬ϸҲûдţة룬һǳʲôˡ
ϧʲô֪ҪæҲ޴֡
ڿǰͻﳤһģһةţܹǻãӦ֪ǱԼġ
ֻĿة۰Ͱ͵ģܵΪ˵ϸӲãҪʱϸߣֱϸƽ
ȴȥϸꡣ
ȸ׼һ¿ͷɣֻĿةࣺʲôŴŮٸߵ
ã
ة൱ͷ
Ȼһĸֻһͬϸķڡ
б䣬ƴǵ˲ڳУةǰȥ̽ΪҲ㲻ԻĽϸҲϲͲˡ
ʱϸЩڴϣԺֻֻ֮ͳúֻƵԼ֮ڡ

ϸ촽૵Ľ֡
Һεͽˡ
ϸ˷Ӧн뷿еֻŲ΢΢סﷴӦǿٵĵϸĴϣϸꣿ
ϸꣿ
úӣⲻΡ

ﶯĽϸӴϷԼĻУִ
·ʱֻ˵ϸӲã֮࣬ˣԱ߰æϸĻЩʲô⡣
û¡
ϸǿԺڵõģ㲻õġ֮󣬱ֻ϶ĻشǽֻһϲеĴʯͷˡ
ˣǾ鷳ˣ
Ļչϸ꣬Ӧ顣ĿȰĿŻСһţͰ͵ϸ꣺ãҲûʲôҪչϸ꣬оҵĿꡣ
˵̸дϵϸ껺۾ʶҲָѣ̶бȫȻʣˡ
㡭


ϸٵĿ⾪ȣֿɰˡ
ţĸ׵˫áϸ֣·˴ɺãĵĸǺñǣ˵ϸӣҪչˣˣ
ڵϸֻ꣬ȻĴӷ䵱˳
ة׼˿ͷ֮󣬱վڷŵĵȺֻ˵ʲôˡ


ֻһةһԣڵһûУ˵ܻܿϣֻӦʲôУûлǣлĻŮ󣬴ǰȥѰ䣡
ֻϱأһҲة˲̤ʵֻҪһ뵽ﻹпܻϣٳرôĵȴֵõġ
¡
ûкһ𣬵ֻҪ֪ţ֮꿴ԼҲⱲӶûźˣ
˻
ة಼Ƶۿһ˫۾˸⣬ֻļ˵仰֮󣬱㲻ȥֻ񣬶һӰį뿪ˡ
ֻ֪ةҪһʱܺúõһԼ
ֻҪתȥϸʱ֮Ժ棬ͻȻ˼Ӱ
ƴǡة;Ҳˡ
ôˣ
ǳʲôҪ𣿡ֻüͷһæĸǰ
ǴѩʱѾ˵ˣֻٺ֮عƴлȥ
ŶõĹƴǾȻʹة;褹ˣһҪ鷢Žƴǵȶܵȡ
ԣƴǺʯһĿ˼֣֣صĿֻЩҪһ֪֮
߰ɣֻӦ
ƴĿ⳯ŸլƳһۣԺģûˡ
ﶼٺ𣿡
õ̥ΣƴЩĵѯʡ
ٺˣҽ߳ʱϸߣʲôģ㲻õġ
ߣ·һߣһةͬ˵˵ʲôɣ
ֻֻҪһةı飬֪Ľ̶ˡ
ة൹Щ˼ִٵĿֻʲôʺ

1542 ҵʵĿ

1542 ҵʵĿ
һͬǣѸٵļۣةǽ㱨ƴǵ޾ϸĻ㱨ֻ
ةĿأһֺ£治֪⼸ǳô£ĶսҲͰˣòװȣȴ¶ˡ
ܾĹ״̬ǲ̫ƽ
ةྫϲɵøп֡
ºϾñط־ñغϡ
ĹȶѾ̫̫ãۼŸսҲϣǣѵõİȣҲվᱻ˴ơ
Ϊة仰硣
֮䣬ֻĳһ·Ͽţתͷة࣬ѯʵĵطģ
ֱȥɣ
ةü룺ˮ塣
ۺͲ룬ǧһ·۷ѸٵĳŹѺôŵĵӵĿջȥ
ڿջС
ҶϵĻʧЩҵĴǵɫҲ΢΢仯źżʧǵǹһĨζЦݡ
ϣô죿
Щ֮²ٻˣЩŵĵӣѲҪǿأҪǷŻȥ
ЩҵĴѯʡ

Ӧ˵ҵĴӦֻ˵ǼٰҵĴҵĵüͷĿҶϡ
ŵôӸŻȥĻǽΪǵĻ
ҶϵĺͰײЦŵĿЩҵĵӣΪǽЩŵĵӸŻȥĻǻʲôô𣿡
Ǹ۷ˣ
˻
Ȼ۷
ôҶⷬ˼ǡ
Ϳƴǵ˵ͼֻһֱαװƴǵ˵ļƻ
װ⧲ˣ
ô
ôĿĵʲô
Ҫڲƭֻƴǵ뿪Ϊʲôأ
ҶĿŲԶѾĲεĶīƺͶī׽ܣȥɣ
ȺûõĶҵ֣
ǣ
Щҵĵԣɵûһ𣬾صĿҶϣǶһĽīƺͶī׽ܶ˿ջ
Щ˹Ƴŵĵǣ
ջĲ״ɵĿ𺳣ǡ
ôᱻôң
ѵǶīƺͶī׽ֻ̫ƴ֮ðҶϣ
ҶϱͷϣʱīƺͶīһӾʹùͷˣ⵽һٶ
ȿ˵۵ڣȵϢ˵ʱ˲ĶߣһԵǧԾƿ
Ȼû˶֮ҶҲ뿪ѸٵĻصѩأ
£ҲȲĳǶīƺͶī׽ܱȥ
ô£
ʲô
Ϊʲôᱻ򣿡
׿īƺͶīܵıѣǶŵˣǵʲôҲڽҲɲֲ֣
ϧīƺͶī׽˵̫أǲ׷ʣҲûа취ֱӸȷĻش𣬽вʱʧ⡣
ô죿
ãȻĿǧۣ˵ĪһȴǾ뿪֮֮˵ɣ
ѵҵû׷Щŵĵǲš
ã
˼򵥵֮󣬱Ѹһī׺ͶīƽװȥжĵǣĿϵĳǵǰ
ǰΪ˹Ƴ棬ԲѶȥ˺ܶΥŵĳԵ飬Ҳε£㲻׷ǰĹˣұֻһ仰
ԸԸ»صţ
ǰĹһŲһؽţ
Щŵĵǲɵܿģ˾ĳŲ빪񣺡Ը⣡
лˡ
ǵļң
滹͵˺׵ĺͯΪûʲô书ֻ书ߣԱûиһôܻ᲻Ըȥأ
˭û»ԸΪ˵ĿŬ˵ʲôʲôѡȨûС
ôڵѯʣǳһ²ˣ
˵
ǿʱûٸΥ飬ŴǰŹ棬ĳͷˣ
ߣ
һ˶Ѹ٣Ҷϴ뿪֮ҲѸٵ뿪ѩؾŵķ
ҡ
صͷʼǹɵЦݣƵۿһ˫۾Ŀ⾫ڶŪֻĻƤġ
ҶϴŵѸٵĻصͷǰʮֵĹ
ס
šصͷĵ˵ͷҲ⣺¶Ѿˣ
ˡҶס
ͷƤ΢̧ƺĿڣУȥһˣѴţܣܿľҪҵǵǰˣ
Ҷ֮ȴǲɵͦñֱ

1543 ף1

1543 ף1
ף׼ˣ
ͷЦŵͷı˽ʱ䣬ҲӦòˣһ˱Ƚ㡣
Ҫӳɫ
жٶҲȽϿ죡
ͷƴǵ˵ʱĿʱġ
Ȼ˫ɲѣǶԷʵͱ£ȴֵͷ϶
ϾͷҲǼʶ㡣
ôĳ»ʵǻҵҲǴӰ֮ǰ㿪ʼıϧȴûĲҵ쳣ֻƴǻͷһ

ҲҿЩ˵ĴڣܽҵĿֽһ
ıҪɹˣͷ̬Ҳɵø
ȥɣʱˡͷĿͻȻǸޱȵϣҲһӶѩؾ֮£һգҪ»صǰҲĹ֮ϣ
ǣҶȻ𾴣뿪ʱͷȴͻȻסҶϣ϶ϴǸõķǧϷʧˣ
ͷһֱڽҵЩǣƴǺֻ˵ǰܱ¶Լ̬ȵģǸҴϣΪĥ̫ˣ֮Լķִ磬¶ԼıԣҲ֮飬صͷģǡ
⣬ҴҲʵʵǻͷĺ¡
ҴûбɱҲûа취Żصˡ
á
ҲͷԶˡ
ӶĶɱˣͷǰͺ˵һȫɵһ
ҶϵĶУȴǳ˲˵Ĺ
ףģӾԲã
ҲһĸֵͬܣҴûжĹϵǸԼλˡ
Ҷ뿪
صͷϵҲʧõĶŪǰģ·ոǸɷȻˣͲѡ
Ҫǡ
ҴϺҶϵģûϰʮҲʮˣϾ綼ˣΪڶҵ֮׵ͷ
ȴоűҶϺʹϻ
ִĻ˵ȫ
ܾʲôɸ˵ܣ
ˮ塣
ںĵİæ£ɽ˴լס˽ȥ
˺ĻϾʱͳʳõ֮⣬ûκ̤
С㣬Ĳū澰ҼԺ𣿡һҪǰչ˺ϾֻǸŮӣǰǸϰ˱źС㣬Ȼ˻߻ûչ˵ĻǻĲġ
ҪȻū澰ҼѾ̷ҲУ
Ҫȥ׬Ǯ̷ǲܵˡ
߳һշ֮⣬ûˣһҪޣȫûԱټϡ
ˮǲ̫ƽ
ЩģǻᷢĪʬӺƮŻңܶ඼۷ĸ̣ǴƮʬ塣
ʵǲ̫ƽū澵Σա˵Լֵԭ򣬲ȴ̬ȼ
ģû¡
֮Իѡ⴦լӣΪԶ㱻ţǲ֪·ģͲҵ
浱ʲôΣգսңҲǴŲҵģ
ϱįҲ֪岻ûΪ鲻ãɫ쳣Ĳ԰ףʧѪɫģǰֽһ㡣
Ҫǿľ״̬ܺãһ糣ǺĶҪʼǲ˲Żˡ
ȥæɣݸЦЦ̲סߴźĿЩ뿪УģӲ̫ƽһҪСģˣ
⵹ǣ
ūˣ
ȻһүвµԼȥأԼǺ͹˼ٲųģʱˣҲҪȥˡ
СҪչԼǵʲôĻū澣ʵڲҪŵĻʱʱūһסҲУŹ̫ƽ֮һס
˵ǸҲ֣ϴʱҰ׼һЩʳģôȴûмˡ
֪
õңȥɣ
ĿƺǳЦŵĿźģɽժҰ˰ɣ˵ճһЩɽ亣ζģǶ岻ãżһδкô

ȷǡ
˼ĵ˵ͷǵūʱҲժһЩūˣ
£ı㲻ͣϲ뿪ϵЦȴǶʱĳҲű˸ģʹǰģȻͬ
Ŀ䣬ĳźԺȥĿеţ廨Ŀ⾪㤵ĿһĳԼƽ
ء


1544 ף2

1544 ף2
ϧűס죬ҪҲֻܺôͽš
˪ŵҲɱȻҪҺȣ
ȥȰ
飡
ŵϣͻȻһĨѪЦݣԭôȴĲ֪ôȻҪҵ״ȻͲҪҶ㲻ˣ
ŵɴ˫˺⡣
ϵЦȴԽԽѪǰϤģѵڶ磡
ء
ĶԽԽʵҲǾ
ԭҪ򵥣ֻÿͿԣָӶܸߣΪǸʲôϵڱĺ¡
տʼʱҲһ˳˭֪żȻĻᣬűƳĲԾǸïĹȴɽլӲԸţŪصĽԼڷ֮ڡ
ųӶˣΪʲôҪȥ̽˽һȺֳªĳӣ
ŵʱԺоֻһͷ
ӣ
Ͻߣ
뿪µŮˣ뿪ŹֵլӣϧΪ̫ţĳ̫𺳣ܵʱСľ벻ħצ
ֱӱץס廨ˡ
ڵ۾
ΨһԾԼˣûзԼʧôԼǰģֻ·һˣ
־ԼʵԼȵĺµģһĪĿУŵУҲǶ˼ϷŰ
ţ£ԶԹ޳ҲҪɱģֻҲ֪ҵЩǻ˵ģƫƫҪĹ̽ҵܣ³ʵҲǲҵĶԲԣ
ᣬŵĶȴǴһŻҶű
Ҳô̵ҾľҾֻֽţ㲻й¶ҵܣȴҪ£ܸտʼʱЩʹģǺܿ졭ܾͻлҵģ

ЦԽĹ죬Ե󴦣һС˳ֱԼϣ󡭡

£ҵʹǶס죬Ҳ赲ŵĲҽˡ
С˲ŵ棬ڷŰš
ֻǲҽһ㵱˹ȥ
ȴֱӣЦ⡣


˭ϲĶȻûĹ͵͵۲ңպøˣ
ȻʱΪֵ̫̫࣬࣬ȫǶڽ䱸ܲ֡
ûа취ƹƳ飬պžԼײǾ͹ֲˣ
˻
Ȼ
Щҵˣǳ֮֡
ҲΪʲô֢жǡơ
йˣ
ֻΪѧէڹƳĿƲǺ죬ԲŻֱЩйƵ˲Ҫǡ
κĿƺùƳ棬ЩƳ浽ڵ֮󣬲̵ҪЩ˵Щ˳ΪԼĿܣԼʹ
ŵĲӿŵӷ׵壬ԼĳоƳȥˡ
ɽµĺȴͻȻס˽Ų
ŵĲҽãȻĳɽȥںվԭزȥûʱȴȻֹ
ͺǸոԼǳ˻һ
ҡҡͷԼοԼӦǻɣ
źĴɽҰˣôܻ£
ˮĴ񾭳ɽҰˣɽ˵ɽȴɽֻ֣ΪǮȱûɽ濪ٸլ仰˵ûס
յǲٵɽժҰ˵ġ
ĳײͣѸٵɽ
ȴͻȻɫһǿҵĶĸϮʱֹסųӵĶ
Ż
ŴŻ
Ż
ŻĪͻȻĿˮŻ
һ
Żȥ
̱ڵϣÿĿǳӵʱ涼ܵζ
ô£
ĿڣЩˣЩӴ򽻵Ѿһˡ
ЩӵʱȷǺǶģҲûڷӦôǿң
ѾͳӽӴ˿һµʱˣϰЩˣλ㣿
治ԣ²ſԼҹҹоƳʱ˲
ҺҽƲּңѧϰʱҲǱѧϰҽڵѾ͵Ȼͬ
ԼһһǲˣѰС¡
Ȼ
ȴڴԼʱ˲ӵվ𾪵ģ׻
˼
ôܣ
ôܣ

1545 氮Ц

1545 氮Ц
ܵ˾޴Ĵһ㣬ظһ仰۶ǲš
ҾȻϲ
ץԼѣеĿ
ǲܻ
ûа취ٳΪһĸ
ڣ
ԼȻϲ
ѵͻȻ˺֮ǰй֮׵ġ
ʱˡ
ѵǴеĺ
ϵı̶˾ϲ˫ָЩԾĴԼССģűǽᡣ
кˣ
ֿĸˣ
硭
ǵĺӣ
Щ״ΣͬʱǶֻԹޣǸֻȻƭǲкӣ
ʵϣֻɲ
ֻֻ˵кˣû˵ǾԲкˡ
ֻϣãˣ
ͻȻϵıֿʼûûʧкˡ
⺢ô죿
Ѿ硭˺˰
ʱãȻ
Ϊкˣ֪ԼѾ˺ӣԼʱıԺǴΣûиԼº·
ȻȻŹߵľȻ
֪ԼĻ
Բ뿪硣
ֳڵľ档
һӾѵľأĴԼĳ˳ڴڵĺɽµĿ絶ʡ
ڸô죿
ҪǼƹƳĻƱǲкӵġ
ЩƳӰ캢ӵģʱ򼴱Ҳ˲ˣĽЩӸĻ
ǿ£Ⱳľĸ׵ϣˡ
ң磬Ҳȥκһˣ
ڻȥǸҲҪˣ⧲Ĵۿл䣬ıޱȵľ
ΪʲôôϲЦ
ԭĴ㣬һžǱˣҲŬȥѧϰʱԼܱǿˣҰοһ㣬źúѧϰִ
ڡ
ͻȻ˺ӡ
ǹִһԼйʼþ޴顣
дŵƤֵͬɽ˲ǣҲǡ
ôѡҪ޴
ֻ۵һ֮󣬱ֱӻصԼķ䡣
Ժʲôľڡ
Ƕûа취ϰˡ
Ҳá
ϢһҲá
ˮ塣
ƴǴֻ˹ʱѾĺɫ
ɫ̫бɽͼ䣬·ƫԺСһɫĹΣⱾɽˮСׯӵá
Ҫǳôô
ˮӦһѵĹɽֵĺõط
ӣʺ
ˮæµ£ܵƴǺֻǰϢ
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ŵȻˡ
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ʲôݣƴǶԳ鶼ǵʲõġ
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µĴ£ƴǺֻܿı㵽š
ʱΧ˲ٵİգˮĪôˡЩʣµĴǲɵþţǳٳҲİ취ֻʣµ˸Ѱ
ֻƴǽţЩԼݹŹ˰֣ĿڷŵЩʬ档
Σ
ƴǽüͳϡ
ŵЩȻ֪ƴǺֻ˵Σǹ⿴ż˵ĴźʣԵĸܳ⼸λݷͬһ㣬̬ҲŹ
ش˵ĻڽЩʬ壬һֵķ֣
Ĺ˹ָֻ֣ƴǵʬǰĲ֪ΪʲôÿһʬĲǰбҧļ󡣡
ˮɽĳӵȷ࣬Ϊ󺣣ǳʪӶܳΪˣÿʱ򣬶ǻԼĲϸıģҲ֪ǲżȻ
ԼɻһһʮĸƴǺֻ
ǲЩĪʬѾܶˣ˵ʵڻÿһ춼ޱȵĻ֣̿ҪǳٳҲԭĻô˵᲻һҲ˶֣ǳ͢ҲǾԲ׵ķŹԼġ
Ҫ
ޱȵĽǽڴصĴЩʬ顣
ûв
Ҳ˿ڡ
ЩĪġ
ͺǡħһ
ǰ죬ǽٵͻȻÿһߵʬ涼иƺܳȴǴ͸©ŹĳӶҧĺۼ

1546 һص

1546 һص
ⱻҧĵط⣬Ǽٵ⣬ܲôˡ
ֻһԵĺƴǻֻ˵ãܽԼӹһٵġ
ֻϱأĻ֮Ҳ˵ϵʬģֱȡ˹ߵĶʬԱߡ
ͷһ⡭
û¡½ǰֹĿ⾲ֻϣſɡ
ֻһж䣬Ҳ
ΪҽǶôĵ壬˵п֣ЩУֻһҳȻ취
ֻѸ٣ȷ˵ϵЩʬȷû˿ںж󣬱㽫ĿߵĲ
һذ׸ҡ
ʬĹ͵ֻǰ
󡭡
˵ע֮£ֻذʬĲһ

ʱ丮˾еŵΧ۵ˣҽвͣ
ƴۼֿĽֻһԡ
Ǹĵĳ
ֻذ׸ո£ڵϵʬĲͬйһĳ
ĳӶʱӲɢ˵ϡ
ֶѪȡ
ֻƴǵˣĿ𺳡
ôܾãⳡȻЩĪϤأ
ǡ
Ƴ桭
ʯ֮䣬˵Ժнǲͷ
ƴǺֻ໥֮䣬ҲǴӶԷеõ˿϶
ǹơ
Щ˵û˿ڣûжҪǣôĳڷܣǹƳ棡
ҲֻйƳŻ˵ǿ
ֻΪʲô֮ǰĳһ
ǰЩĵĳӣ̫Ծ
С
Ƶ
ǣǲǹƣƻģҵĻֻǲ˵ģһ˵Ŵң
ûʲôҲҪţ
ֻƬָ֮򶨣ҳЩµǰ˰֣ºܿıԼЩƳɱ
һЩӰˣʱɽ治̫ƽ˻ҧ˵ĳӣҧΪԼŻᵼģ
ҽߵĽǶȣֻҪûҵ׽Щӵķ֮ǰȲҪɽҲҪţúõĴԼļУߣǳţҲҪ÷ҪЩ˵ĳӿɳ֮
ŴƳľֻٶȴͱĿڣ˵ĻĪİ
ڼ䣬ҲλҽߣһЩҩۣЯÿͿĨ̶ϣˣ
ֻƳһƴǵ񣬼ƴǳԼͷʾԼҪʲôȥֻ֮ڣУϾҪ˴ֵʱ䣬ҲҪżΪ⣬ȻλͲףˮ긳˰ʱ̫ãԸλһĲ
꣡꣡
ˮĴ˵ܳȥ֣磬ֻ˵⸳˰ܻ貹ֻǸм
ʵһ
ôڵԼɴñǱסˣ
̫ˣ
ȶɢȥؼҰɣʱûʲôȲҪţҩú֮и۷ַҸ
ֻϣǸýеʬ嶼ջ𻯣мǲЩ˵ĳٴЩʬİˣ
ȴͻȻѣ⡭
֪ЩʬЩǸ˼ңǡǲհ
ͷǮʹĥ
Ȼϣʿụ̃˴ĩˣʵϣ˭ӣ˭˵ĵλ
ܶƫԶĵطǮ˵ĲȸõȨû취Ҫ
ҪǺЩԣûԴѰ·𣿣
ƴǵա
λȥ
½˹Ķ߿˵ֻܰλȥʲô飬ҲҪ㸺𣡡
ǣǣǣ
ô֤ˣæͷСȥ
ģһ©
ŵֵֻƴŵҲ˵Ļᡣ
ڵʲôƴǿֻĽǣȿš
ֻšüģĿĵĿڣƴǣʱǵ̫࣬Ƕһص㡣

ƴڵ˸Ƭ̣漴ϱ㷴Ӧ˵һ֡
ֻ֣صĵ˵ͷǵġ

ܵĹϵ˵Щŵĵӵʱ򣬲֪գ

1547 Ұ

1547 Ұ
˭֪ȥģ
û˿䣬м죬ʵлɡ
ֻǵʱҵĵϣټֻҲûģһŮ֮˾ˣûã򡭡
ҵУһʲô
ڡ
ֻڿˮеʱĪһֲõԤС
͹ƳйصģȻȻľ뵽磬׽ģ¾ֻ˰ɣ
ǻɣЩƳ桭Ϊƴǽü׹ֻ˼ˡ
Ѿˣ򲻿ˮģͲһˡ
ǸҰĵˣҪѧϰҲΪ档
ңЩƳڶ࣬ǿˮЩƳ棬ҲǸոձƳɹĵͼƳ棬ûʲôɱҲǴӲ˵һ飡
ǾǣˮⱳƵˮƽôߣ˵ΪҲΪ
ԲŻ״̬
ǵġֻ֣صĵ˵ͷң㹻Ļᣬ½ĺ绹Ҫң
Ѿĳȥˡ
ĺҰĲĳ̶ȿ˿ѷɫ磬й֮޲ĳ̶ȡ
Ҫ֪ǲֻҪ֤һ¾֪ˣ
ڻƵ˻ûôҪȽףĵ̶ȣǾҪҲˣ
Ϊռ˶壬ԲĸӰ죬ԻԲ飬Ÿ˲ȥ֡
ڵ
Ӧû˭Ӱõɣ
ʱùľƴЩйˣ
ã
ֻ飬ƴǱʾͬĵ˵ͷ
ⱳ˵˭ǸҪץ׺«ʲôҩ
ôǱ
ֻеıӣЦأⱾѾˮ飬ʱһһʮ¼ֻҪǶЩص͵ص㣬ֵܲĹɣʱǰþͿˣ
ÿ˶ʶϰߵģϰԵȥһճ顣
ƹƳһҪջ۵飬¹˶ֵʱһǻʶһֵֶϰߡ
һǸûʲôɣҲҪȥܵҩ̣ɽأźܿľͻ˽ˣ
ֻ˳Ŀ⡣
ûֵϰߣɱԹƵʱ㣬ֻҪҪϰһҪ֮ҩĺͳӣܿԽʵ顣
ֻҪ־ܡ
ˮвú÷һʲôԵˣܻסȻǵǰƴǵͳ΢΢͸©Ŵԣ̧һԵľ褺£ϵķԸš
ǣ
褺֮ٵ뿪
ֻƴȴ໥ӣǴӶԷпء
֪ô򵥿϶û£û뵽Ȼһڡ
ֻͬʱЩգ֪Ӧøĺһ㣬ֱӽɱˣϾͺˣҲûôˣ
պ
š
Ⱥ˹Ƶŵĵ»˼ҡ
湬Ҳĳš
ϧڵѾĿ꣬ҵǣ˻ţš
ǡ
ڿ湬˰æ¹ڣʱ򣬸ǵ档
ͨһĹķǰףԲ𡣡
ˣ
ûкúõչ˺ţ
۾ۺǧվĬĬĿŲѹģȴӿȥο
á
ڵĲѾɳ˺ܶ࣬ģȴҲڻɥʧǣøǿ
ֻƬ̵ʱ򣬲Լ۽ǵˮվһֱĬĬ֧Լۺǧ
ллˡ
ϷŰЦЦһǷ飺лл
ɲõҴСлܹ鲻ôɣ
ôҲҪҸʲôȻǲ̫Сˣ
봽̲סһĨЦݣůֻһǲǲС۴үı£ǵҪҲӦһ֮ǣ
ô
ûȤæϼң
ҪؽͱҪĴԭϵѾȺѣϼҼڣϧҲ򲻸˵ġ
֪֮Ҫ棬Ҫһ̨ףȻĽԼ̨ף
ð
Ǹã

1548 ǵѣ

1548 ǵѣ
ΪʲôҪܾ
۵ʲá
תĿһԵǧϣ֮˶ųɳҲǴǰǸֻ֪˵˵ЦЦĻŮˣǧżȻԼĿ⡣
Լĸ顣
ԼԼҲǲ˼֡
ϧһδؾǻõԷİֻǧǺ飬˶ƴǵ̷ŵĺѡ
˶ѡ
ǧллʱҵչˣ㻤һ
Ŀ֣ء
ǧҲʱЦ˳ǸһֱƤС̫ͻȻô̬ȸ˵ЩӦ
Ҿ͵̬ȳϿˡ
ŵ黹кܶ࣬ȥɣңҲҪ˻ȥӵˡ
ڲ㣬»Ҫ
£ǧ㲻Ըȥϵı飬ֻǷת˲䣬ĿȴޱȵȻߵıӰҲԵЩį
ĿȥͰɣպ֪ʱд
ȥϼҵˡ
ķǰ˲ֻʣ˲һ˵Ӱ
Ȼ
벢δȥǧҲûи۵
Ϊ֪֮Ĺϵ죬ֻƬܽģҲǲҪ̫Ľ͡
˾ˡ
ʱ
վԭأأǻĴӻͳһ
ǡ
˻
ǵѣ
ƹƳĹǵѣ
˽֮ǰ뱧ʱ˶ûע⵽ʱ͵͵˲뻳еģ
ֱӼ¼ŹƤҪ
ֻǵʱΣƻҵĵڳõ˹ǵѣҲţ󣬸ֱӵŵʱ򣬲Ÿó
ǣǰ罫ңʲô˼뽫ǹǵѽ߬С
ǴҿЩйƵˣǴ㣬ҸЩ˽ƣ

ϧߵ̫æԼûʱ䣬ҲûǸȥѯʡ
뽫ǹǵѽ߬У·Żصԭλպлᣬһúõоǵѣ˵Ҫʱдã
ҹɫŨһīһ㣬Ļ
ˮ塣
þ͵С壬ȴΪ͹Ƴĳ֣Щ졣
Ĵ˸·ĸʾǹԹԵڼУҹС·ϣǿӰġ
Ȼ
ȴһ书ǿӰ˰
º;Ϊףڶ书ǿС·϶׵㡣
ѾȥôõʱˣȴûκεĶ¹Ӧò˰ɣ
ȻֻƴǰˮϢĺܺãǱǿЩڼеĴҲӦ֪Ƿ˲˵顣
ҪǸ¹ˣһʱ򶥷
֪
Ծ褵⣬ҲǺεҡҡͷڳ˵ţҲûİ취ˡ

ҹ
ֻôˡ
ɽլ
ãȻڴϣһ˲ʧȥĿһ㣬ֻ˫ַСϣԼС־ϲ־ᡣ
Ҳ֪ˡ
ÿÿ뵽磬֪ܵԼ֮󣬱Ӿòȡ

ĳʲô˰ɣ
ڴշת࣬ȻԺȴͻȻֵĶɫãǶʱûȥȻĴӴŭĳźԺȥ
ʱţѾɫʹ൱л֮ԻŪ޴죬ΪȻĵתѣҪѿԼϵӡ
̫ţ˯˰ǲǳĲҺù
ŭ̫ŵϣϲģҪʲôҹĲ˯Ҫϱ˯𣿡
ǳ⡣
СС
ūûб˼ūֻǾ岻ʱСŪ죬ŵСϢū
ȴÿ־壬ǾηĻҲǲٶˣĳ
ٺˡ
Ҷʲô˼ˣڵţֻúõĴߣȻ󡭡
ܽǸĳӴԼڸóȥС㣬ūɣūԺҲ͵ˣūй¶飬϶ᾤҵҵķ
ŵת䡣
ģ
ʯ֮䣬ԺͻȻһͷ
ȵȡ
ʱŵ˹ƳģҪǰЩֵˣѾˡ
ǡ
Ųûźûʲô

1549 

1549 
ͻȻӦ
ʹţĹˣ
ڽ˵֮󣬲Ҫ˵ǿɵȥйƵˣ
ٿضŵǰϲĿš
⻹ӿʼѪ֮ڣһɹӣ
þϲ
ţ֪ҪúõıС𣿡ڵţ̲סڼ
ҲգС㲢ǲ֮ˣֻҪԺʵʵСĻʲôе˼ôС㻹ǿһһһ뷹Եģ𣿡
ҪսСȨǾͲҪֱС㲻ǳ⣬Ŀи޵ı䡣
ģˣҲˣ
֮ǰū£ūĴū֪ˣ
ôţʲôһĵط𣿡
Ŀ˸Źâ´š
ŹĿСĻūûоʲô쳣ĵطֻòӵطúܡ
е
׷ʣ
𣿡
ŹԹԵĻش𣺡ǲӱҧĵط
С㣬ܲܰūϵӽ⿪ūǲ
ūҪץһ±ҧ˵ĵط
ɫϲȻ
Եȡ
Ľӽ⿪֮㽫ŴӵϷϡ
ȻƳ뵽ڣûд߶֮ǰȻ㶼Ӱ壬֮ΪҵĹҰɣϰϰ֮󡭡֪ˡ
˵˵ţżۼ¹Ƶġ
ǹƳСϸ뵽˵ʱ򣬸Ͳ˲ºҲûķӦ
ǡ
˸ŵ⻹δü׵Ϯ˫˲Ȼȥ
һˣԼǵö滹кء
ҧŴƺľᡣ
á
ˣϰҪ˵֮ſʼнӴǸʱ򡭡ӦãѾƽĽ˰ɣ
ҲǳǳʱֻҪҩƣģĻҪѪơ

ĹƳܷ⣬ܾ뻯
ڹϰôãôĴۣϧ緭Ѿɵ̶ֳȡ
ʹ˷֣Ҳǲõġ
Ǻò˺ӣҪȫֻϰƳ浽ǰĲˡ
ͻȻԼһ飬ãȻҲá
ţпյĻɽһЩƷҪúõӣ
ôţãȻվԭص֮󣬱˵ĻصԼķаȻ˯ˡ
ϱʹ࣬ıӰǱǿȵΡ
ֻҪһԼԺҪūһӣ;ʹ࣬˶ģֲҲҲԸİ취ֻܹԹԵĵԼҩˡ
һҹδ˯
º;褴һҹá
ϧҹżȻɹޣ·˶ûг֣Ӷûмֻܶ
ȻȥϢɣú˯һϼ
ľ褵ļ໥
ֻǰ㱨Ϣʱ򣬲⣺Ҫһҵˣ˾ˣ
⼸ǰҹҵ֮ұǷŸ٣úõĽЩ۸
ǻʺƽ⣬֪ǣ
º;褻£ֻȴȻһװ磬üĿƴǣô
ҵ̫ϻʣû̫ͬúйһˮ塣
ֻҪƴæһе֮һȵȴĵط
ɣˮ忴Ǵʵġ
֮
ƴǱĴһĨЦݣǱɣ
̫ˡ
ֻƴȺмߣʱмָֻϵ֣ټֻõҩѾ͵ҸҲЩ̤ʵ࣬СĶڼ浣ˡ
ֻ֡
ǼүͻȻ˵ʱʱ䲻Ҫ֣ԷЩūͺúõϢ졣
캣ΪȥûүԭֻǴӹܼҵĿ˵Իؼҡ
Ǵ˼ҽյķţҲֻεҡҡͷ
ˣС˵ҪҰˣϢֱɽȥæһժһЩҰ˸С㻺ζɣ
ԭΪһˮ壬ǻչˣû뵽ĳ֮⡣

1550 ²ʲôϲ

1550 ²ʲôϲ
ϻûʲôҪԼæĵط
Һܶ鶼ûٰչļˡ
ĿܶԣڵĺĺѾ͵ĹϵΣʱ໥ֵѡ
ҲǶ¸ı˿ҪԼȥһ㡣
ʰ˶˳·ȥЩƷִҰ˵Ĺߣ㳯סլȥ˿ûע⵽Ӱĸ
ֻƴϱأźĳˮ֮󣬱㲻ɵø˼Ŀ⡣
Ǵйһǰһ½ɽֵĸо˳ٿһСķ飬û뵽ȴķ֡
İСɽȻܿϤ˵Ӱ
Ǹ̷ߵĺġ
ô˵ĻֹȻֻĿ˸֮Ȼ˿϶
֮ǰֻֻƾŹƳ׽Щ˵Ĳ²⣬ÿϰ˻ڿĵӰֻ֮ƴƶˣһˡ
֮ǰڹߵĹŮΪӣһֱĹڸˮΪ档
ֻֻƴֵǡ
Ϊʲôôôɽ壬ʲôطѡƫƫطأ
ʲô飬Żᵼ˷ֵ𣬶ôƫԶĵطϰأ
ʲô«ʲôҩ
ֻĿƴǣƴǵ˵ͷá
ͬʱҲպôլɽ׼ķԸȥ̥ĲƷ
Ŀɽ϶µŻǸ˻ϲģͬŴкţţҪȥĶ
СʲôԸ𣿡
ſźŴЦֻɬޱȣ֮ǰŻҪģҪȣһжѾˣڿҲ޼ˡ

ŻЩɺǲǺһģ
Ŀ֪ϰƳ棬֮Ը߼ȥѰջɨԺӣҲֻҪһʵƷˡ
Լǵùպñѡˣ
Ǻĺģ
СʱźĻأɵģôӹ֮ͱ˼ô񶾣
ǿںĵϲŶĵģ
뵽ſЦӭĺɫ㲻ɵ
ʲô飿
ûôģڵǹװˣ˭㰡
ûؿźģһŭúЩĪͷԡ
ֻƴĸں˳˵ȥԿɽһլ
ӿǡ
ֻƴĿ໥һۣǴӶԷпͼ˱ֱӱܿ˺ĺţֱسɽ߶ĸլȥ
źͺҲΪִ޴Ӳ
ţǡãȻĿţǺĲãǵ𣿡
ߣ
ĲãԼú˷ʱ䣡
Զ㣡
˵ŭײ˵ǰĺģŲѸٵĳɽȥƷɻļ
ţǼ첻ôô֣ҡҡͷȴҲûɽּͣת۱ǵǰ
С㡣
ɫϲǰͬм⣬ϲӭȥ
ģôˣ
ָү𣿡
ٻ᲻ᱻѵⰡĿᣬǵźĵĸ첲ûϵģҪ㲻Ļþҵġ
Ȼô˵ڼĹʱ򣬻ǲɵĸˣϲҲżҪͺķġ
ЦЦԼĲƷæ󿪿ڵؿɲūȥ٣ү˵£ҪŰɣҪʲôģʱȸǷż٣ǲӰǷġ
Ľţ㿪ʼæµţū֮ǰ˵ҪҰô
Ƕ죬ɽҰ˲ǺܺңŰһȥժһЩ
ҰҪǳԲ꣬ԹˮڱţԴźþãʲôʱԣóͿˡ
ںлҳһ㣬΢΢üæµĶҲǸͣƬ̣˵Ҳ֪ôˣոɽ·ϵʱҿǺϲĴкģǲ֪ΪʲôҵӲǺܸˡ
С㣬ūʲôطĲõ𣿡
šü˼ţūҲûʲô
˰ɣӦżɽȥҸոշԸȥЩƷġ
źĵĸп̲ס˸Ŀ⣬εĸźġ
󣬸źĵ֣úڴ齱ߣתƻĿ˵Ȳżæ²ʲôϲ£

1551 

1551 
ԣ´ü۵ȷ͸¶ŻϲɵҲŸСʲô£ū澲²أ
ʱûţһ˽Լլ棬Ҫ߿أĶҪΪҪ벻ˡ
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ںεĿע֮£΢΢ץźĵָʶˣ
˻
ס̶Ӧһϲ
С㣬ģ
ĵĿɢŹ֪ģֻҽôߣϼҵЩжϹϵ˵ǺеģⱲǶԳΪĸˡ
Ůʧȥ˳Ϊĸ׵ʸǶôıˡ
˭УҲĸˣһԴϲ飿
ǡĺ𣿡̽ŵĿʵȴصĵͷ
š
ĿȰĿԼС˵϶ɢĸԵĹԡ
ҸĪھǻԼϲ˵ĺˡ
Ҳϲ磬ֳܺʲôز涼İġ
֮ǰΪһЩ죬ַĺӣѹƵĸҲٶ֡
ԺĵҲЩ֣С㣬ˣġ
ǡǡС㣬Ӧôѽ
ĶʱЩ޴롣
һֱڹΣѾ˴޵ͣȴûмӣеҲֻŹֵĽ̵
ߵУķһʱ֮侹֪ôˡ
ո뿪磬ʱȻĺӣ֪Ǻ»ǻ¡
ԱȽϺĵľݴˣĿȴ쳣ļᶨΪĸǿɣΪ˶ĺӣҲҪ
Լĺӣչ˺úӵĽ
ꡣ
ģ㿴㣬Ȼһ
źԼżģ̲סЦ˳㻺Ŀڽ͵Ҵ̥ȹ֮󣬱ȥ̽һټûб˳𡣡
Ļ絽˳ģȥ
ӵЩģӣҲʵľϲûȹ֮ǰٻϲҲֱӵǰϢ
һ⺢û˵ĻҪᡣ
ȷ̥ȹյı仯
֮ǰΪ涼һ˭ϵͷ˺ӣϢ֮Ҳһ
ʱʲôĦĵطҲܾˡ
˺ӣ˱ϣ罫Ůʲôĸı䣬᲻ܵӰ죬ԲĪźøУǶҪˡ
кʼѪҲΨһĹѪ
粻ʲôʱ򶼲ܲҪ
Сıȷ磬޲ýһõ鶼ϾǰҴ֮ĹϵĶӣһűڷĺϵģ
ҲãҲá
ĲϵૣظĻ˵С㡣
ūȥ˰һˣȥ̽һѩĶ򣬸պˮÿ궼˳ȥˮȥǴ㡣
ʱϢĻֱӻˣ
Ҳеˣ
ģлл㣡мźĵ֡
ЦЦС̫ˣʱͺĴڴԼӣʲô⡣
ȥһЩƷպūιʱӣŻʱһЩ
˲ףѹŸոջŲҴҵɽԭhiƷȥˣ
ã
һΣһڴӦûоֻܾǿźĵʱɿ˵ɽҰ˾ͲˣһŮңҪðԼ˶ʱ䶼˷ҵϣϾʱ䣬ҲӦһżҵġ
ôһ˵ķЩ˼ĺˣС㣬ūⱲӾûʲôָˣȲɡ
ūȥһЩƷʳϺŪһҪÿնӪı׼Ľˡ
˵ϰڷԼĶ˵ūҲǺϬˣȻһ͸˲ٵĲƷ
С㣬ūҪҪȥһ̥
ͻȻ뵽ص㣬·ݺܴʱ̥СܵˣǼ䲻еģٶȻп촹һҪţײ⡣
ҸտţΪĵطˡ
ʲôطʡӣΨȴǲܺġ
ʱá

1552 ŵ쳣

1552 ŵ쳣
ȴҡҡͷ͵̹ЩҽʱӦĹ֮ʱţҪͷˡ
Щ
Ժ沢˭ĵط
ĲУֲߵҲͰˣǻĴһֱųеҩĵζĲԾ
û⣬㽻ҰɣҽĲҲţѹͻȻУ˵ҲĽںͰæйϵ
Ӻתеģ
תŲƷ˳ʱƴǺֻȴǽĶĸУͬʱƴǺֻĿǺȻ
Ų˼ֵ˲۵λã˿ڣڵľȣô
ܰ
ֻãȻڲס𾪡
ƴüĽĿֻôˣ
ʲô𣿡
ֻ֣صĵ˵ͷڽ͵ԭΪƵ֪ʲôǵõϰķȻһ˶ˮϰƣڸźҵҲһֵø˵顣
ֻͻȻסɵĿƴǣȻӵġ
ƴšüʡ
е˱㲻Ƶġ
ȻʵֻѾõ˿϶Ļش
ֻ˵ͷԣƣһҪЩƳ澴Զ֮
Ƴ漫׺һǻᷴҧˡ
ĸ˲ǱȱҧβĹġ
ҪӵģǺϲ״̬ĻǾԲƳġ
ֻϵıأ򣬰Բͻһʧ
ƴ˵ֻּп˭أʵ̫ˡ
ȿ˵ɣδ
Щʲôǲ֪ģǰʱģֻôڵ֪סͺðĶˣ˽мʶˮʯģ
ƴǱĴͳɳƵƺֻİһ㣺ҲãҲֻˣ
ֻƴǵӰȻ뿪⴦ɽɽȴǲ֪н˵Ӱܵɽ֡
ֻƴǴظúϢһȴЩ˼ӵĽʱȴͻȻ֮ǰͺִҴɽţ
ȵȣе㲻ԾֻͻȻסƴǣĿڲԶŵϡ
ֻƵĿ⼫˵ʽʱǲԾشЩĮ
ģǺ֮ǰϼҼͬЧ
ֻ
ƴǣ취ץסйŹ֣
òҪ򾪶Ǿ
˵ĹֻѾԼЯԻɢó͵ƴǵǰ
ƴǱ΢΢һĨȣ̶ֻصЦЦãͽҰɣ
ϰǧµʹƴѾܾöûΪˡ
ѵ˻ᣬȻҪúõԼϱǰúñһ
໥һۣڵ̹ŵԱߡ
ǲ⣬ֳֺصײŵļϡ
۵ŵ˽
ʲô
Ϲѽ
ֻƴǰݺݵײŵϣֻǽײۣõĲƷײɢ˵ϡ
ŵûسá
ûע⵽ƴǺֻϵı飬ֱӵͷҪȥԼĶ
ֻЦЦæĳŵǸԲ𣬶Բš
ûע⵽ǰһɣ
˵꣬ǲŵķӦƴǺֻѾȺӡ
Իɢֻƴʱ򣬱ѾŵϵЩŵǰ
ŻܵŭδüֻͷĿѣǳ׵Ļ赹
ƴǺֻ״æһһǣŵ壬ǶĽ͵Ӱϵǽǡ
ֻҲü֣صشŵ
ô
ŹƳƴվһԣĿС
ǳΪˣǾȻҲ˵Ĳ£ǽĪĽš
ֻ˵ͷطſŵ֣ǡ
еġ
ºˣֻողΪǲƳģҪʼתĿˣߵϲ鵽йƵļ
ǲǸˣܲ˺ŹϵҲǸȷѡˣ
ңҸоǣڵĹƳ棬Ҫ֮ǰڸĹƳ棬ǿƣ
ֻ硣
֮ǰڸĹƳ棬ֻǵĻҪ˵ȴ޷й˵ڣ޷й˵ж
ǿڵֻƳ棬˼Ȼͬ

Ӧ˵ǼĽˣ
ʹƵˮƽҲڷٵߣչĳ̶ȵĻٶóһĥȷѪ굱С

1553 н1

1553 н1
ȻȥɡƴǽüĿصĿŵϻԲѵţڻûееĵزа취ȣ
ǵġ
ҿǼʱĻֵַ硣
ĻһʱپãƹƳˮƽٸߣǱֻҲ޼ˡ
Ȼһġ
ΪÿƵ˵˼ΪʽһҲÿֻƶһ
ԸķڲٶԸˡ
ֻҪȥȷǲΪˣƴǺʯһ˫ٿĿĻ
һΣ˵ʲôҲҪϾɱˣ
ǰΪŮ֮ϼҼ˺ܶ˽飬ȴҲԼĿԣϺشܻС
ƴǺֻ˼ûкһʶҲûҪô
ڲһˣҪΪƶô˵ôһһҲ㹻ٴˣ
ã
ߣ
ֻƴǶ˴Э飬֮ѸٵʧСﾡͷ
ֻƴߺڵϵ˷Ӧ
ãȻ˫ۣȴȫãղôˣ
ʲôˣ
ŻվѲӣΪʲôԼͻȻûκεļ䣬ǵ˶׼ȥģôö˶˵ľ·ϻ赹أ
ֹ֣֣ԺȫȻûӡҲ㲻ٶˣǽԼЩƷ³ɽȥ
ɲʲôƢҪԼȥˣҪʱݺݵسͷһˡ
־ηֺ¡
ŲɵüӿŲٵĻصլ棬ʱ򣬺Ѿæʰ˶ɽȥˡ
պá
ȻŻ˰û˴á
Լ׼ĲƷ㿪ʼæµţ콥ĺ
Űļ׼Ϣ
·̥ʱʱ̫ͶӦҲΪص㣬ڹƳֻҪţŹƳʱѵƶˣôѾɹӣҲû̫ĵˡ
Ȼ˫ڴ׼Ȼ˯ʱȴͻȻֿе쳣
֮ǰȻùƳȥˣЩйƵԼķԸȴǿùƳƣЩйɵ˵ľԼϡ
ڵȻֱȡ˵书书ǿȴǿĹЧĿҲô
ɽͻȻൽڱ۲ԼӰһʱ֮ͻȻҲþ
Ŀ˼֣ԼӰ
Ż谵ȻĿοյ񻨴꣬¹̽ŵĳɽ̽
ʱº;ǴɽҰУԼӰ
ǶᣬȻɽּ޾ʧȴǱ¶һУ
Ŀ
ȻֱӼԼ
Ҳ֪Ǵĵ˿ϢڻԼǺЩ˵
ҪǱˣҲ£
Ƭ֮Ѿ˽İ취˯Ÿţš
٣ӰҲǳҹɫȻŵǰ
һ
ڣūڣ
Сʲô飬Ը
й֮ҪǻǺôžԼľúˣҲǰǰһ±ӹҲӲ
ҪǴǰôͻȻĴҹŵǰûнŸҲҪŸôﻹô
ȥ濴ǲţȻҪǣѲ̽һ㱨
ĿŲԶƳ˹ȥ
ǣС㣬Եȣ
Źŵĳ˹֣լӵĴţĳɽȥŵĽŲ졣
Ȼ
̤ŵһ˲䣬ɽֻЩӰҲȫƴЩ
ͺҪʲôҪһ㡣
µž褻˻֣ȻŲŲӵĸŵ
ҲͬʱЩӰĽŲ
ϲɵ¶Цݣ͵͵ԼȺ˿ûмɵ
Ҫ׷
ЩĻ̫ˣ
ǹɽ֮˼Ȧôôߡ
űˮĴ񣬶ˮÿһطʮϤɽҪ˦һЩҲǼ׵顣
ֻ˼Ȧһ·ŵľ褾ͳ׵ɽ֮·
ۼžǳǰȥ㲻ټ
¿ˣôྭѵȻһ̫Ÿ˦ˣ褵Ҳʱŭ
Ըǽɽѱ飬ҲһҪҵ̫ŵټ

1554 н2

1554  н2
ҾͲˣŷݵصı²ɣ
ǣĵ˵ͷһͬɽ˷ѰҹȥڰţȴǽЩӰ˵Ӱһ
ŵҲ
ЩСӾȻ̫Ŷ
ɽʱǻ֪ĵضأ
ߣһ㲻м»صլ棬һһʮԼ㱨
СȷûдԺҲ֪Ķôһֱڼǣūո̤ŵʱǾ͸ˣȴжū֣ӦֻҪ֪ūٺūҪʲôɣ
źǹټҵˣڼǣūһԺӰţū±ǽЩ˸˦ˣȻĻ治֪ЩǴʲôأ
תתС㣬ЩǲǿСòҪСأ
ˮϾֻһСׯߵĹǶƤòҲǺܺÿ
ѵõϸƤ⣬С֣ȻһСĺ䶯
źˮʱ򣬿˲Сĺ䶯ϧЩȢϣҲˮЩį˺һ
˶ò˴ɣôȻţϵıȴ
Ҫİ˵ģǹټҵڼǣôǳҵòģ

ǳ˺˼ţҪƧûʲôõ֣Ųô̰ĵԼߡ
˹֮Ҳ
ôΣʱ򣬾ȻعҪԼɫģ
ѵԴ˾ֻǵ˰費ɣ
ôͷǳ⣬ŵɫЩҲסˣֲҷֻǺٺٵεЦ˼վһԲҶ˵ˡ
ڣû뵽ҹٶȾȻ죬֮ǰСǡ
û뵽ССˮ۰ȻѸ٣ֵ֪ľӦȥõģ
֪ƴǺֻѾˮ壬ʱһֱԼլ棬ΪеҲûгţԶϢЩ֪Ѿ˷츲ص
ֻʶģƾԼĸоˣе쳣ͲԾ
ԭֻҪȥ̽һµģû뵽һ̽ıڡ
һȺˣ
ԭԼеʱʱȥ¹ƺˣϾҲΪԼеĺӻ¡
û뵽Щ۾ȻҴԼ⣬ԼԺԼȻǾͲܹĺˣ
ǿùƳйƵ˵ʶġ
ҲһЩ˺һԼˮƽܳɹĻԺ书ҲʱҪˬ
ϵŭʧתǹһĨѪЦݣڵԽĺ
ϰԣƢԸֻ˵µʱԾһơ
ΪమҲΪϰһֹϵаѪɷ֮֮ͬ
š
Ƭ֮ѾöԸɽЩѹֵİ취ˡ
ҹĿڣסţûж˵ıֱӳԼķȥ
ſı鲻ɵô˸ë𣬵ĸ˵Ƶҡ
⻹ŵһνҵģԼĴԣһСӡ
Сӵĸӱ򿪣һŨѪζӭǿҵüͷǲ⡣
С㣬ǡǴʲô
ſ־ĿڣѾһֻƳˣҪٽǰôĵĳӷԼڣԼл·
ŵɫҰףȴؿһۣЦûϢӣҪЩƳ涼ϣҲǲõģ
ɶЩʱƳı򲻵ѵʱǲóʹõģ
ҪôƳ涼ϣ˷أ
ԭˡ֮ʵһһֱСŵǰ
ԸȥСߵıõЩڰ۵ԣȻʣµͲˣֱӻǡ
ǣĻ֮󣬲ɵûһ𣬸˲˼Ǵ㡭
ЩĵĹƳһдɽּЩˣ
֪Ϊʲô
žȻĪеˬָо˺Լ飬Լйôµˣ
ŶĿٵĽװŹƳСӸǺ˹ӣڻУǳԭ·۷ٶȻصɽ֮䡣
ɽϵЩ۹ȻĴѰԼ

1555 н3

ʱˣطҲˣű㽫Ӵ򿪣ЩĵСȺ˳
û»ɣǰĻš
ţúȥɣ
ȡҧˣҲֵˣӣһ뿪˷ŹƳЩطЩƳһٶҧԼ
ֲʹľⱲӶٳһˡ
һϵеֺ֮õĵǰӵĿڣС㶼ѾķԸˡ
ڣ͵ЩСǺúõıˣŻ㱨Լս
ĵ˵ͷãĺܺá
ȥϢɣ
ʱûʲôˡ
ҹŸҲʱϢˡ
ԣ⣬Ƕǧл
лС㣬ūȥˣ
ŽŵĨͣ˹ƣҲԭǸ̫š
ֺֺֻЦ˫ֱ㰮Լδ˿СϣҲࡣ
ӣӡ
ĺӣǧҪﱾѾҪΪֹסɱʱڲȥˣ
ЩȲŹΪԱЩġ
ǧҪ
ԣ
ԣĪʥΰ󣬸˲ٵɢĸԵĹԡ
ŽЩƳɽУЩƳΪȥĴѰ˵ϢȻٺݺݵҧЩˡ
ҳûĴ˵ڡ
ڣȺԼһһǿò˶õʱ䣬Ǿûôõˡ
»صţ׼ϻ㱨ĺϢ
²֪ļլӣɽּȴ˾ͽС
һɽõʱ䣬ʼնûмʧŵӰ
ҾǴԭ·أڰмԺӵʱͻȻǵǰ˺ֵֹܶĳӣǳһŵܽܣԽĿϸǳҲԽöġ
ʲôвĵ²۹ǻδ²۵Ļ£˲䱻ЩϷԼĹƳҧ˲
˻
ˣ
˾ôˣǹƳҧһھɥ
Ĺûең
ֻǸ⣬˭֪̰ĵӣȻôֵ³ɹˡ
Щǿ׳ǲ̹ƳڵĴ
˼״ҵĶŵϵЩˣ
֪ܲǸƴǹϵ׺ĵľ˲ϳǳӲǴ˵еĹƳ
Ȼ΢Щ죬ܹǰ˾Ųʮġ
ŵʱۼ
û뵽ص˳ˮôСطҲۼʶˣôҵĴǣ¶ƳΪˡ
죡
콫淢ǵҩó֮褱˲ЩǴ󺰣ֻ׼ÿ˶ַҩۣ
Ǹùҧ˵ĻΪͿĨҩʱЧѾˣϾѾɽǱ˲ٵʱ䡣
ȵȡ
ֻǰ׼ҩۡ
˲ʲô
ǲڻʺ￴ЩʬʱѾ˵Ƿʲô飬ֻΪ̫أ˿ֻţû˵ĬĬĽҩ۸׼ã
񣬾褵ٴУ˲佫ŵҩ˳ͿĨϡ
ȻͿҩ֮ɽֳֶ֮ªĳҲûǿĴˣǻĶһԡ
üĽ˵ȥȥ
ȥͻϻлʺ㱨
˵Ȼ﷢˹Ƴ棬Ǹô˵־լ棬лϿ¾
ǡҴҵɽǷɽŲĳլӱƽ
ֻҩڣЩǻǲɵһ亹ӵĵսľģǲ֪ĹƳʲôʱͻȻԼߣļԼ
һս飡
褽ɽ֮һһʮĸ£µĿãǹƳٹգʱ
ȻѾ֪˺ôˮĴǹƳƵˣҲûʲôԥĵطˣլΧһֱӬҪų

ˢˢˢ
Щվɽ֮⣬˼ȻѾĶǵĴڣһ˹ɴҪǣαװȥҲûбҪˣ˵ԲһߵĻᣡ
ЩĶѸ٣ ϾܹרҵѵˣһǽլӸΧ˸ˮйͨ
״

1556 ֻܿ㶥

ԣԾĹƳȻĹƳǰ뻯ȴҲ˵ģΪʲôôЩͨͨĸ۶ɱˣ
ڿŵʱɹֻǸģһЧǽɱҲǴ´ģô滹нŲ
ȵȡ
ǡ
ʯ֮Ժ˲һЩͷ
Щ۸Ͳۣͨпǡ
֮ЩҲûбƳ湥Ϊҩۡҩ۵ˡ
ֻ
ϵıʱòҰһƬ
ֻֻʶƳ棬ҲùƳƳֿƳҩۣҪɽϵЩŵܶñܿƳĹĻǾֻһࡣ
Ǿǡ
ֻˣƴǿҲ
ɽŵƴǵ
ֲã
ֲã
ͻȻЩң˫ʶĸСϣǲɵĺ˼
ǶĻԼܾͽˣ
ŷչ˼ĹƴǺֻ˾ֱҵԼլ棬ѾǿʼˣûмĹֱӳԼץ
У˵ʲôС
֮ǰǺֻԻޣҪƹƳ鱻ֻ֪ĻԺԼĺã
ô᣿
ôܻûЧ
ŨŨĲϮͻȻСľʹɫʱҲӲҰδ˯
С㣿
ôˣ
ȴֱŵϳһƣ϶ǲҪԣûаҵȥ
űЩãȻԩ
ԼǰҪȥһǳɹ˵ģ
ΪʲôɫôѿǴҪԼʦ
ͨ 
ͻȻǰС㣬ūСˣθҲСҪ£С찡
СеĽЩƳ涼ԺЩˣūҲ֪ô£
ֻСʹ۵Ͳ԰׵ɫͬһŰֽһ㡣
Ȼ֪ŲΥԼֻҪʵĴҪҸ˳ˣ
ϻ
ȥеĹƳ涼

䣬ͻȻע⣬ڡ
ֻĪȴҲǹԹԵε
һϾû˵˯ȵľôصڣҲԼ
˵һ̫ŶЩܲˣеĽСأ
ֻڼܰˣ
治ϵ²ǷǣŲȴĳƵķȥ˭֪
ǰߵʱĿȴ˸ź⣬̧֣ǲ֪ʲôʱļ۸Լͷϵķ˳
󡭡
ֱӵĳŵĲȥ
һҽУ˱ֱӵƹƳķ䣬󡭡
ҧŴüĸһȥľһ㣬ĿԼеĺӡ
ӣȻЩΣգǱĸܺúõĻȥҪίܿˣ
£ոմŵǸӣͬ λִԼֱۻв
󡭡
Ҳǻ赹ŵĲԶ
ֻƴûˮ廹ãǱۻǹٲԼƣǶǶָǶɱ˾ˡ
ǲ˽Ƴ棬Ҳ֪ӦԹƳģǿԳ䲻ġ
ֻƴǾͲһˣ˶ԹƳ˽ǶʱڱԼҪ࣬ҪıǼԼƹƳ棬ôǰȥϣûˡ
ӲӲֻĸ졣
ŮĺԼµȥ֣µĻҲֻűˣ
С
һرĵƣ

ŲҴҵĴɽгһ·˸ڣպֻƴҲʰһУڽĵȴǻ㱨Ϣ
μϣʺ
ֱӵ˵ǰ¡
˵ʲôЩˣֻżǰڡ
˹֣˷˿ʱ䣺ػʺĻȻɽ淢˺ܶƳ棬ǸƵ˷ųҪġ
褴СǰϺͻʺ㱨Ϣ´Ѿ˽ǼӵĸլΧˣֻŻһ£Ǿͳȥ
ƴǣ
ֻƴǣƴҲͬʱȻĴλߣ
ǣ
ƴǺֻĳڵԺӷȥС·ϲʱĴ˳͵ĪĽѰ

1557 ΧԺ

ıѾ˯£ʱ򣬻ǲɵûԺš
ǳʲô𣿡
ΪʲôܾдҪ
㣬ôˣĵĵܵδ˯죬ҹĺҲվ
԰
ȥЩҪȥԹڼ˯
ĵüҲĪĵǣ̫ƽҲ˲ôˡ
ҺļòԶɽȥҲ˷ʲôʱ䡣
ĴҴ뿪
ѵˣĵ ׸ǳźĴæıӰ֡
ûõĶһŮ˼ҵŮյĶѡһϣǼҵѾͷã˹˻ūԲģ
ˣ
ĽŲҴңٵɽ±ѾŻȻɽյ
ۿɼٶȳɽȥ
кĵɫ԰ס
Ȼǳȥġ
ˣ
Щֵ˭
Ĺ˲ôˣЩһͬɽϳ˹ȥ
ϣʺ
ֻƴǵɽϵʱº;ѾȺʱˣ ЩȲ
ǵҲǺ棬ҲҪ澿ʲôˣȻô󵨣֪ѾмѾ¶ˣȻҷųôĹƳҪɱڡ
ô³ƴǹĹ˹֣ǵȴƴǵ
УǸոһץĹƳ棬ʺ褽һĳ͵ֻǰ
ֻ¹ֱӿڣȥ
ƶǸ˵Ĺĸߵˡ
붼һЩֻǾɱĹƳ棬ﲻ¹˵ʶǸֻǸ
֪һ㣬Ҳûʲôˡ
³Ŀ⣬˻֣һȺȲһ룬˲ǽǽŵĴŸ򿪡
Ȼ
棬ûеֵ⽣ӰҲûеȴԼĲбĹƳǡ
ĵһƬ
º;褵СĳŷӰҲȺǧ;褵˲ڷб
˵Ҳ
˻
ǿ
Ҳ֪ĸС۾⣬ȺͻȻһ˱˳ָķȥ
ǡ
ֻƤһ
һӰ֮ǰ˵Ǹӣǡţ
Сŵ㣬֪ǲըƴǲЩǷԸš
ǰֵڵϵӰıϢ̽һ£ȻŲܵˣ˳
ϣʺ˺ˣ
ԣֻƴȺǰЩֱӽ˴ӵϲ
ֻ첽ǰ˵
˺صˣҪֹѪУ
˸̧ȥɣǲʲôӰˣֻûдֹ̫ѪҩȫһЩƳģ̣ҲҪȽϵƸֹסˣȻȷϡ
⣬ٺúõļһ⴦լӣҪʲôƳȱɱץסСı˾УǷʲôɵ鱾ֻĶҲһҪĴ
ֻĿ˸
ƴֻ֮󣬵ֻ˼
ǰùģֻһˣܲܽƣôƣҲȫϵ˹ŷһϣ£ͻȻȥʣµʱ޲ߡ
ڲһˡ
ҲƹƳĻҲùһǽַڸˣֻҪ֣˵ջ
ֻ̰ͼֻҲҰģֻֻϣлܳ׵ҳƳİ취йعؼҲӦüʱĻٵ
ԣպûٻܵƳĥˡ
ʵ
ƳоʱˣϧƳʵ̫ˣǻ˲ȷͷΪڶպ޹˵ȫǳٱȽϺá
ʺģ֪ôȥ¹ָֻլÿһϸѲ飬޾ϸûзŹκһ䡣
ŸֱӱЩ̧˳ȥ
ĺڸЩ󣬸պÿ˻ԵţɵõһֱӳȺ˹ȥ
ϣʺ
ĽͨһĹֻƴǵǰС񻹻ӣС㵱ʲôģϺͻʺ￴Сеķϣһΰɣ

1558¿ںӵķ

ʵҲֻ֪ƴΪʲôͻȻˮôСطϧԴ˹ץߣǣʲô飬룬ΪϵȴûмʱĻصƴǵߣǸ˱˵

ƴҪҪϲϲΪĹӦظҪ˵űĺˡ
ĴƴҪҲ˳ġ
ǡ
Сǧֻһ˰Ĵˮ棬ȥŻϺͻʺ
ԴǿУȻĲԣƴǺֻһԵۺϾҲǺҵĵۺűʵġ
ҵĵۺĸ鲢ûһʵ۵ơ
Ȼ˵ÿ¶մ̷ϵĻģҲӦࡣ
ƴǺֻ֮䣬˵ĸ񣬱ر֣ӸĵȴƴҲվֻһһ˶ؿշŮ˵δЩ̡̫
ȻƴǶҪһֻֻһʺһŮˣôҲԸȫֻƴ֮ĸ飬ֻ뿪Զ磬úõĽԼĺǱĶƴǺֻ˵Ҳһ°
αҪˣ
ԴǿеĿֻƴǡ
ʺûСǰ谭ͻ֮ĸ飬¶˵Ҳһ£ʺȿСһΰɣ
ĲסĹڵϣֻƴǿͷ飬ȫȻ˲ɽ·ߣͷƬ֮Ѿ˿˿Ѫ
ƴǲΪֻǱĶĸжˡ
ƴǹΪظ
纣˵ģҪԸ뿪ƴǣһ˵ԶĻֻƴ¶ǻ֧֣
ԸһЩͣǲһȥסҲûʲôܵġ
ѾǶŮ˽ô򵥾ܽ˵ãǹغô౻İգпδɸĹ飬ƴǺֻͬûʲôǰɺޣʱܷŹ
Ȼҹζ࣬ɽ˵վô¡
ƴǺʯһ˫ƳһۺģڣԸԵһͬߡ
ظá
ū澡ū澡
ϡ
ЩãȻҪģ⵹ãƴûܷŹǰԼˡ
ϣͷŹСɣȻҲСļţԲСӣĪ˵ǸкòĺӱסСҲҪһͬɥ
ϣʺǾȫһСҪΪĸ׵Ըɣ
ҪǶڱĻʺҪ֪У˱˵ĺӣһġ
Ǻ֪
ֻĵһĶֵģ⿪ƹһΣ
ȻܺôֻƴǶûһ㣬أȵ㳹׵ʧޱߵĺҹˡ
ةľڸеȺţֻ˷˹ƳϢҹϳȥѰĻƵˣ֮ةҲ㰴ͲסԼķɫĵ˸ⲽ
ۼֻƴǵӰŨŨĺҹԼǰʱةŵˡ
ϣʺ
ة첽ǰƴǺֻ߹ѯʣɷ֣
ֻ˵ͷŻкĵ˱˸֮ڵʱةԭˣ𾪵Ŀǻ˯е⡭⡭⡭
Ȼة𾪵Ļû˵ֻȴѾةҪĻˣǵ˵ͷԣϹ
ֻһЩ飬ûиһسһѾּݡ
εĹƳǻɺܴĿԾǳ֣Ա㽫ϳ͡
ة࣬ҲǶҽģȺúõһ󣬻ǿԺúһ
ˣأ
֮ǰة˵ˮ飬ǰ˳Ľǰһ£ʲôģǵƴǺֻʱȴûмĽ׵ӰҲǹֵģȻةҲû
ֻ֮ǰڻδҵֵʱ򣬱ǳĽײҲûйϵ
ڲһˣͰǵǰǸ书ǿٹظԶƵҪʰĶˣҲЩҽϸо
ܳûƳ湥ơ
ֻʣةŻȻĽףػʺĻٴˮĸڴһζҩģͻѾصҳˮ鿴ҲҹϹȥժˡ

1559Ȼ

ةü룺ĹӦѾ˰ɣ
ҪȻҲ졣
ֻڵǾͺá
ة಻Ŀ֣صشƬ֮󣬱ȥһԵŵϡ
ֻǺƴ໥һۣһԵȴѰסլ֮󣬿ûʲôֻ㱨
һ˲㰲Īأ˱㲻ĿŽķةϡ
ةϱأκεۣ˷˼ΣǷ˵
ֵƴǺֻǰ㱨Լ
ػϣʺĻ
ϹʱӣԼĪµʱ䣬һԵӿǲǾʲô΢ȴжϳ
ةಢûиƴǺֻȥţҲƳӰ״ʲôģֻܲ쳣֪Ҳ֮С
ةĻ£ЩѰҲȺֻǰ㱨
ʺլѾǸѱˣеĶѾˣȴһЩҩĻнƱ֮⣬ˡ
ʲô
񣿡ֻ΢΢죺жϸѲ飿
ػʺĻϸѲ飬ȷʵҲĶٶȿڡ
ֻɵüͷôмʲôֹֺ֣أ
ֻĵ׷ʣֻºҡͷûС
һЩɢɽĹƳ棬ʱ֮䷶Χ̫󣬲׵ĽЩƳ漼ץ֮⣬ЩҩĺͽƱʵûĶˡ
˵Ҳ֣լӿźǸȻĶȴٵĿ㶼ûǧСɡ
ֻֻľսʱ׹ֻ֪ƴǽץĿˣ
ǲҪʦ
ΪҪϵһ
Ǹ緭ġ
Ŀ˸ɫҲ׵ڤڤ֮к뵽Щʲô顣
ˮ廹ǲ֣кܶ𸻺Ⱥȥ֮һЩͨƽҲŽ⵽ˡ
˾˲ٵĻʹ˹ǰ̽飬ĵʱϢʱֻԸпһûзϡ
ںĵʱˣΪʲôƴǺֻȻ𽵹󣬲ԶǧģԵˮ壬һץˣ
Ϊһ֡
һű㲻ɵô˸֡
ơ
ǹơ
϶ǹûġ
ôҵ˼пǱƳ϶ùƳ˾ֻһ硭
Ǻ֪֮ǰΪѰһϧ磬Ȼ˸ʣҵԼҪҵĶֻ˵ԼõҪҵĶʹ뿪硭
ˮѲ뵽пǴҵƹƳİ취ˮ塭ûϰ
üĽֻñë𣬸ʶصɴ˫Ȼʱ䣬ڱԼơ
ƺԼ뷨𺳵ˣ
ֲúҰĲȻĸԼˮôƫԶСɽ尲һһլӣƽﲻ޹صǰȥ
ΪľҪԼһĵطԷĵȥоӺҩģƹƳҲᱻ˴š
ƺòǮһ㣬ÿγֶǴ󷽡
ԭЩǮ˵ģ

ȻҪϰˮĴ飬˲бĳ̶Ⱥʲôأ
һɺͽڣΪԼ书ͱ£Լĸױ
أ
Ƕ˵Ҫϰ޷ǾΪ˳ȫԼҰģ
Ϊ˳ȫԼҰģ㽫˵Ϊݽ棬̤ɱ
£
ĺʱ仹ΪǷԷθϴĸ棬Ҫˡ
ĻΪŬıãԼҪΪū澷һӵ뷨
һ뵽ıĶ񺮣αװʵ̫ˣôһԼһ棬ȴ飿
̬ת⣬˲쳣
ֻĵı鿴ȴδ˵˽ҩ˹ź˿ڡ
źƺ˺תڶˣ㾲صתѡ
㣬ڰյĹ֮ڵϵӰ ˶
ѹʹԼĲ

1560 Ŀݣ1

ЩãȻ
ôֻ赹ˣ
Ҳ֪ô£ĪĻ赹һεڴϣһΡ
Ŭ۾󿴼ӵ˶Լһӱŵûŵڽ䣬һ̲סС
λѽūʲôҲûѽ
һǳɵķӦɵýһԵǳ鴤
Żǡ
СԸֵ쾡¡
ûԼںηأȺž
˵ǰɣ
һԵƺǱˣ󻺻۾εεȴڿ˵Ӱʱˮδε£
̲סһԵĺȥֵıܵ˼Ĵ̼һľȾңȾң
˽ȻͬķӦе˵ĿЩζ˶δǾصſ˵ıݡ
㡭
㡭
˺ĵԣɫ־ĿţģԭҪһշɨӣҪæլӵģû뵽û뵽̫š
̰ᣬǱŷӵĴƭӣǮ֮ǶһЩҲûϵģϾҲ˼ҳ
û뵽žȻģƭҲ㲻ҰˣȻߵĶ֮ģ󡭡
˵˵ţ̲סδεˮ˲ۿжźǿίû뵽͸ҷֱĶҲ͵ˣ
ҡ֪ȻҲעʱҵ棡
͵ߵҵĹ飡
𾪵еĻȴŬжţʲôʱ棬ʲôʱǼ١
ֲˣ׵ˣ
ǣڱˣո˵Щȴޱȵ𺳣
˻
Ȼ
ϹȻйعصģ
ֻǡ
˵Ļֻƴȴһֶţ
Щй˵ֻȷ˵ˮƽڳڣߣҪҪֱԼƵĻѾǽϰˡ
Ȼ
ڲţǵֵĳ̶ȡ
ŵŹƳģȴûйƳ档
ֻ˵һ⡣
ǾǣڵĹƳǱµģ
¹Ƶˣ
˵ֻƴҲǲŵģֻǡŹ鲻ţȴֱ˵򣬻ôĿ׳
ֻΪϵıҲҳڣ˵ʲô
˵뿪ʱѼع͵͵ϣȴ̫Ÿƭˣ
ֻܿıץ˵ص㡣
صĵͷǡ
̫̫ˣ
ǺĶֺǮƵϺļƽϣû뵽̰ģֻ䱾ʣ˵ʱ̲ס˹ȥ
ҵĶң
вңҲܲôˣ
ҵĶǺӵĶ滨꣬޵ģҪ֮ǰЩ˲ʶĻҪģƭȥˡ
ĵǼʱĽסû˵ŵǰȥŤ
ֻί
Ǹ˵ˣ
ΪʲôĿ˵ʱȴԼ˴󻵵ǸǸʲôơʲôơʲôĴ󻵵ˣ
ɫҰף޴Ҫ⣬κڿһĨľʱȴӲİҪĻ˻ȥ
ɫǺĿʼ񵽵ʲô˼
ҪǽȥĻǲҲʹţԼԶҪҩˣ
ҲţҪˣԼҲˣ
ûʲôʶ֮䣬˵ıܡ
áϵıҲűúֱ̧Ƕһơ
ž
ʱôڵ΢΢ȣĸ𾪣žȻô󵨣ǸҴģ
ֻϱݣŭĿĿСǸҪô׵ҪúõظʽӭȢţ㶼ϣƫƫȴҪδУҲ֪ĸ˵Ұ֣
㣬Ķǿ㣬㲻ҪҪĲʶ̧٣
ˡ
Ҳȥˣ

1561 Ŀݣ2

ûб·ѡûа취õҩϷ˳ٺݺݵ£
ԳһЩҲǺõģ
ԣոִʱ򣬿ǵû飡
ɽҰ³ӵĺĵһƣϸ۰Сʱ۵ۿеԽԽࡣ
ҪǹԹôҲԺĵ㣬еôһû뵽ȻĲҪ˵飬ﲻŹ֣
ŻͬϷҲЩ飬ԼǱ׵ˮ˫ǳĿţңҲҪңǲĶ
Ʊø㣬ǹҵģҵΨһĶ˵ʲôҲܱߣ
ߣźʲô˵ЦһôõĶ˵߾Ͳߣ
ûȥûţ
㡭
޳ܣ
˵ʱ΢΢ʮǷҡҷСһ㣬һЩ

޿䳳ֳʲôӣﲻǻʹҲܵɲгһ㣬Ҫʲô
ˣѺȥĿܣ
ʱˣֻٿڣֹסźϷ̧۱ʾ´λֱѺ
Ҳ֪ʲôвĽڣǿŰĻ˵
ҪŵǱعĻĪ˵˹ŵĳϣǶ㶼ɣ
ԽּңԽǿ߱Խ˸ȷǱϣ
ϰˣҲ
Ǵȥÿܣûˮʯ֮ǰ˭ȥ̽ǳ
ǡ褺Ѹٴȥ
ĿԹޣĿ䡣
ʱֻʣ˺˲εվڴڣЩִٵؿƴǺֻ
Ǻ˵ˣҲǸƴˣ뿪ƴûлȥʹҲ˳Ľڡ
ǵƴ뿪ŵʱûд
ǵˮҲɣԼͲһˣԼڹ棬㵱ʱûܼʱĸƴǵһͬصһص˳ʱҲӦԾػصűݣȻ빬ֱʮܳ
ƴǺֻץ˸ţúĻع޴عƴǺֻǰ
Ͼ˲ԼӣģҲӦǻʼҵˣƼҵū澣
ϣʺĸ
صĴ񲻸ȥֱƴǺֻĿ⡣
ƴīĿϣüĲŭһ㣬ĮĸŹԼǰĺġ
ֻüĽűЩģĺڣģȥ̷ȷǵľǲܵʲôʱ򶼲ҪԼݣҪԼеǷǷִ硣
ŵʱҲǼʶ˹ƳΣ֮ŵˮȫѵĵطٶֵĻôЧңƫ̻
Ҫ֪һһʮ˵ڻоȣ
ֻЩûֱвģںĶȴǸ𺳣
ˮ嶼Լѣס
ѵˮĲ״
ЩӵĲңֻñë
ĺܺãȴҲԶԶЩĹƳŰڣôŵĵ󱻹Ƴҧ˲Ĳ
ҪˮĻ

ԲУ
ˮɵڶŵĻһǧһҲѴˣ
ԲУԲУ
ܵ˴̼һ㣬Ȼ̧ͷĿ⾼ĿƴǺֻϣʺԲˮǰң
زԣ
˵ŵЩӣ˵˵书书߶Щ书ġ
ԹƳʱ򲢷Ǻ޵ֿˮЩͲһˣڴĶһЩУƵԹƳŰ£»ϲñǲƳҧҲҪȺĹƳΧԼˣ
ǡ뵽ԼزڴĸƴĳֻƴҡҡͷǼᶼ˳
ĸŮСԼãĸһֽ
Ҫûĸ¾ͻ˽ˣĿĸվ
ֻ㷴Ӧ⣬ֻüĽϵıҲûκεĻͣĿĵĿžִٲĺģھ͸ᡣ
Ĺ鲢ߣδʱа취Ըһĳ̶ȣҲ޲ˡ

1562 Ŀݣ3

ֻϵıأûаҪͺĿЦֻƵ˼
֮ΪԲŨĸ飬һ˲ɱĻᡣ
ʵԼ룬Ѿûˡ
һɱˣû㣬Ĺչĳ̶ȣ͵͵ѧͱ㣬ҪմȨӲҡ
ֻѾֻбԼ֪ģֻ˵Ļƣ˵ʵ
ǻʺū澲ūʵڲ֪ô
ȻūôӲأ
ϵıһҪ˵ģֻ͵ū澱ˮˣ֮Ҳһֱ뾡취Ҫصˮ壬ҪԼžһðųӵūҲϣżܸ߸˵ҸģλңȥӺˮĴ񰡣
ֻƴ໥һۣһ㵹ܿ϶ֻּʵǣ㶼֪ĻǾ˭֪أ
һ·϶˵Ǻ׽ˣֻЩĵĿźģϸ룬Щʲô΢ϸڣǺҪȴˡ
ֻҪˣûв͸ǽŵˮ©ģ˼һֱһģֻƶ
ҡ
ֻ֮£ĵĻشҲӼᶨɣҵǰֻϸȥ˼
ū澵ǲ֪ᷢūȴǿԺͻϣлʺһ·һһʮ˵
Ƕλϻҵе
Ҳֻ취ˡֻЦźĵ˵ͷ˵ɡ
ĳֻ˸ͷ𾴵Ŀڣʱңͻʺȥţū澺ľޱҲţûлͬһ뿪
ľޱ취ˣֻʣūһ˸ߣﲻ֪ôʶģҸ黹ܺã飬Ϊŵˡ
˵תʱ򣬺ĵԾһԵƴǵϡ
ҪԼŮ˸Լñӵ»ᵱŭǿƴȫȻںģҲ˵
ֶκܿıţĴԼĿ֮УѡһЩǿŵӸһųҪѩҵЩ˱ġ
ȥѩ·ϣС㲻֪ͻȻʲôʼѰһϵıࡣ
ʱΪҵѾ˷ĳ̶ˣ
һ
ֻƺץס˺˵Ļص㡣
ĵ˵ͷԣѰһ
ʱĶأҪǾҪʲôȴûи߹ū澣ֻū澰æѰһģĶ
һΣӦСҶʱˣ˻һСִֻǺС㲻֪ҵԼҪҵĶûмߣֱӴū澱ֵˣ
СΪûȥȥҪūһصū澵ļ磬֮ū澱ˮСһլӣŰæɨ
üĽŬĻһ·Ĺͷ飬©ʲôص㡣
֮ūΪҪسү׬ǮȥԼĸĸֵܣҲǺС㾭棬ֻżϾʱС㣬СһЩɨǰæһЩ̲ˡ
ĲѾȫ˸ֻƴǣʣµľҪежϺͷˡ
ֻ̧Ϊûм̷ߣȥүĸծȥˣ
Ҳǲӣʹ㣡
ȻܸӣΪθģ
¡
ǸҲ˽ĵİɣ
һֱǱźŵģҪǺļ֮ӦǾϰߵġ
һزĵİСɽ棬׽Ҳûߣе˼ѾԶˡ
ֻôһʡҲȻ
ū澲ԸСߣչСģΪһ·Сū澲ӣȻū֪Ҫū澼̷СߣСһū澲ƣū澲װ׵ռСıˣ;ܾСҪ󡣡

1563 ·1

ڿС㵱ʱ˵ūҪȥطϲûʧ䣬ǾظҲЩ֪
ˣͶˡ
˺˵ˣһ·ֻѾ߰˰˵Ĳ²֮һϵˡ
һߵʱżȻķ֮ԻǿΪһŹ飡
ǸҰĵˣδҲɺһǱйع⡣
ֻϧ罫ŹصĺأôҶҲ
ûа취ֻܰкĸԼڻ粻עʱؼ͵˳
Ҫɹʱȴ緢֣˺ֵ
ΪҪƹƳ棬ѡһƫƧĵطá
Ҳ޴ȥźĻصĵĹˮ壬ҲǱ˴໥ӦúİһլӣɽҰֵС
ϡ˹ŵƹƳ棬լɽܽҪץʲôĳӶȽȫǸѵƵĵط
Ϊʲôú̷Լ
еһ˿ģúǸˣ˾ӦúúõĻţӦǣֻߣҲܻԼδᣬҪǺ֪һԼʱ򷴵ǳԼɣ
ôǶҪˡ
ֻͻȻüģмǸп꣺ôˡ
ΪϰƷ
ĺݶҪԶԶǵ󡣡
ĬҧԼĴĿεĿֻھԼҲʼãæǶԻǴ
ʺʵū澸СôãʼûпСйʲô飬ū澸ҿ϶СһõǸӦǲɣ
˵飬۵ΣҪǵ֪СҪŵĶǺ˵Ĺ飬ū˵ʲôæСȥƭģ
ÿÿúڣҪǵʱûаæһѰҵĻ˵ظʵʵĵŵˡ
ôˮͲô˲ˣ
Ǳˡ
ֻͬƴһһʮĽĹƺͻȻʲôһ㣬ˮ˫ͻȻɢŹˣϣʺ
ūؼǵãСΪѰҵйعصĶķ˲ٵľҲ˲ٵİ취ϧһ񣬶һС˷ܵظū澣ɹҵ˵ʱ˵һ仰
йعصĶĲ飡
顭ֻƴüĽĿȴɵز飬ѵ˽ܵĶ
ǱҪң
ֻƴʺĵʱ򣬱ԹѺ˷еţȴֽȻͬ
˱˿־嵱Уʱʱ󣬻ܲ͸ηֻ˲ʹ
ǵصũⱲӶû뿪ˮ壬Ȼ̰ЩСվʵֵˣĪ˵ǽˣԵʱִҲ򲻸ֵõǰġ
ںˣԼȴȻйţһйƳ棬һ˲ľоҪ仹Ҫˡ
Ƚ֮ҪȻˡ
ޱĸЩ˹ѺԼķУȴڿٵ˼νһƴǺֻƭȥ
ҪҵᣬԼɵĻȴҪ˼ɣֱӶԼ֡
ٻҪʲô취ƴǺֻ֪ԼŹŹֺèģȴɷŹԼ
ϵıأԺʽڷٵת˼Žİ취
ʵʼһƵģֻҪؼʱŵƸԼȡһٻھóĻδЩ̫ˡ
ʵδǿ֮ʱ͵˰ĽҩΪĶԼģǻһֺǸлģ㽫ǰҩ͸˺ġ
ĺǽҩԺ󣬲ûҩߣʰʱ¹ڵС
ڶתתǰҩֻص
ֻҪǰĽҩڣƴǺֻҪԼҲҪķִġ
һҪǣ罫ǼعƤԼ֮ȻѧٶޣȴǰϼصĹˡ
Ƥ类ֶܵθˣƴǺֻѱլҲѰ
ǹصݣ¼䣬³ֻ֪ˡ

1564 ·2

ֻƴǿյİ˼ĹƳ棬İ취ϡ
ֻϧֻƴ֪һǣҪ⿪ڵĹƣ˵ĹҪ¹˵Ĺ߲ſԡ
ʵƴǺֻԼϵƴӼΣմġ
Ҳûа취ȥƴƽ⿪ڹƳĽҩǣĹΪߵʱ򣬾ǲܶʱںȽϣǣ֮ǰ͵İŽҩټˮƽǾͳ˱Ȼ
Ȼֱã˱˴֮䶼ǲ֪˵εġ
ڿƴǺֻˮʱЩ𾪡
ֱʱѾŵĵӵѩȥҵĵӱˣΪʲôôûδӹܳ
ǲ;ʲô⣬ʲô飬ҲΣգ
򣬿ƴǺֻ͸ûйôСɽƳˡ
Ǻܿģ㽫浣ͷˡ
û£ȷ֪ƴһɵģһ۾ܿƴڵĹƳû⣬ҪƳ⿪˹ýҩһ취ҵ¹ˣɱ¹ˣȻҲҪ¹ǰԸ⿪ƳУǳΪơ
й˵ڣ˵ʲôʱйʧȥơ
ȻĽŲĻֻ֪ɬСѾͷģسڣԲС㣬ǷҪССϡ
СѾͷ±ǳڵķ˹
۾֮СѾͷ󣬻Ż͵ҪԼ˵ϰߵĻһ̣Щǰ͵ǻֱŶ룬ԼǿаڵϣȻԼ
ֻôСѾͷȻǸԼ档
ĿתƬ֮ѾЩСѾͷ΢΢ЦЦû⣬Ǿ鷳λˡ
ЦţСѾͷĵطĿȴ˸ź⡣
ҪУҲӲѲֻƴǵĿƣܻʲôĻëѾͷԼǰŷ
Ц
ҺԼ׼ƤأʾˣҪǵ汻˸ˣǿ޶ûеطޡ
һҪúõѣѵϸˣĪҪʲôӡϵſ֣ô˵ԭЩŵСѾͷĶǱһȦ֮󣬱ͬѸٵĳȥ
лϡ
СѾͷ˷ֱ֮ӵֻƴǵǰػش˵Ļˣǵ϶ûʲôеƷŮҲ
ȥɣ
ƴīĿ䣬ֻϵı鿴Щˡ
լҲӵҲҲⶫǻ
ܲѾ˰ɣ
ֻ̲ס˵ĻȴǽŽ
ҪõǹʱѾĹĻôϣûа취ֻ͸Ҫоƴǽˡ
ֻǵʱƴǵͳǴԣͻȻڣ
ǼװĻҲδɡ
ƴǱĴ΢΢һĨȣֻıҲű
ֻة΢΢һ㶡
󡭡ܵһ㣬˲ȻʣϲĿƴǣϣ˼ǡ
һϷ
ˣһϷ
ϰǹҪǲصĺûǱҲҪңֻһ֪ôˡ
һӶ㶯ùһ֣̱ƴǺֻ֡
á
ǾͲţһ̵ֱס֡
ö֮ǸȱˣҲˣ
Լܲ˱ţò˵ƴǵһУȻģ
ѾǸˣˮΣѾ⿪ˣʣµģͿĨҩۣɽȥѰƳ䣬ȻЩӴܳȥĹƳɱͺˡƴǱ΢΢һĨȡ
ˮŲһ
ǸţɽҲֻҪȥɽɽչ䣬ˮ忿ɽɽҪֱӽɽջ٣˺ܶ˵ƣټųȥĹƳ治Ǻܶ࣬ΪȥץѶҲ
ֻƴĻȻʣڶƴǵĿʱҲݸЦЦá
ȥץֻҪ˷ɽ㹻
ЩƳҲʳͻԼǺȥ֣
ҪƳĹƳ棬ǾǻֻΪһҽҲǿҪɽ׽ЩƳģƳĹƳ桭ȼ̫ͣûʲôǿûιҩģҲҲ˵ѪֱͿˡ
ã
˾һУµǰ

1565 ·2

ͻȻת̬ȣϱƸ˵ƴǺֻ˸ŪЩãȻʡϡʺǣǲҵĻ𣿡
Ը֤ף
ˣҪֻƴǻԼĻ͵ŵǰָŵйƳģʱһ޶֤
ƴǺֻǻϻʺҲԼûа취
 ˣ㣡
Ϲ
û뵽ոտڽ͵ʱ̷ֻ뷨еĿڣֻҧص֣ɫѿ
ϡ
Ѿǹˣ
ƴǲҪģ
ΪʲôڻҪϹƺԼ
Ҫ֮ǰƴԸԼݣԼ빬棬һֵõͷڡ
˭ϡ˭ϡǿŵĹ֮λտֻƴҪЩĹأ˾͹ձֻͷϴѹ

Ҫ
ϡ
ʺʲô˼ɫҰףŵĵɴ˫ĿֻѾǻϵĹˣ
ŵʱͲˣ
Ѿң
ֻȻǳЦ𾪵ķӦֻԽʹ죺Ϲ˵ʲôĻ
빬ʱ򣬿İն֪飬ǻϵϹ˭ǣ
һϺʱ˵Ҫ㣿
ֻü䲻Ծ͸¶ϣӲʩİʾϷǴ£Ҫһй֤ұҪôҪôȥ乬
ֻǸǰ·
ҪôԹԵĽǼŹĶǽԴϲ顣
ҪôΪƴǵϹôѡ͵رȥ乬ꡣ
ҪôͻƴǵϹһһнƴǵĿ֮£ûκεɡ
һ·˵جġ
ƫƫŭԣֻܽһŭѹ档
·һѡ
ʺ氮Цǿ׳ģЦŵĿֻѵٳڹǻᰭͻϵ𣿡
ѵʺͲܷңһ˺úõûʶС潫Լϲĺȶ𣿡
ŻʺҲǺڴֿԳΪĸϲú͸ɣ
ĸһ㣬Ҳֻʹ
ֻűǣΪԼ岻ãУֻȴΪƴڵĹƳһС
飬Ϊ˴ֻֻ̼ҪٽԼص棬ÿÿԼĴڣҪһβ׵ļ䣬ֻ˵ҲһСĥ
룬ĹȻƣֻȫȻ⡣
ûоѹ̬ԽǿΪˣŲϣϹһ䣬ӣ⺢ǲǻϵѪܹҪڹģʱЩŮ̫չŵģܹҪһæöĲǡ
ֻƴΪƳѾôꡣ
ҲںһյĹ򣬲ʮ»̥֮º
ֻȵƴҲȵ
ҪǹҲԣʮ»̥֮Ǻӣֻƴǵжصƣʱ򡭡ɾû˵ĵطˣ
е˫ֻ߬飬ȻҲģ
Ϊܻع
ϣ
ʺ
ǳҪ𣿡
֪Ҳ빬ȴҪǿң
ĿԹĿƴǺֻϵѺҲǱֲסˣҪ˺ļˡ
룬ĻʱƴͻȻЦһܶ໰ǲö˵ҲǺ׵ġ
ΪʲôˮǰΪʲôҪعһеһУԭӦ֪ģ
빬ԣҪҸȵĵطӣĺƴҲûȣοǶԼϲŮˣȻǿԼߡ
ǡ
һԭӦúܰȺõ飬ԼƵģ
ҰĲĺôĴȥƣڶ࣬ŽƴǺֻġ
˵ףһе״ϡ
ֵܹ˭
Ĭ
ƴǵĻ£һɾĬˡ
ֻӺݶׯվƴǵԣĿ⵭ȻϣƴīĿҲͬϡ
ôľҪԼˡ
ҧŴ߲ƵƴǺֻеĽ߬˫ٿɿżعԣڵ·ݲȣóȻ»˺ӣҪ·ݹˣ֮лع
롭
Ҫʱ䡣

1566 ·3

Ҫ籨˳֮ƴǺֻˣʱ򣬾˳Լֻƴǵħצоȳ˳ֱžˡ
룬̴ȴһӱ㱻ֻˡ
ֻεҡҡͷϹȲˡ
ãһ飬ϹҪ֪
ʲôüͷֻƴ΢ı飬ͻȻһֲõԤС
ҪȵǸˣġ
Ѿˡ
ֻü˵仰ʱҲǧĸп
Ǹˡ
ΪиӦðô̼κĿɺ޷Ҫֻþ̼
غôյʱֻҪе֮ˣ
ˣ
Ȼֻ˵Ѿ˵Ϣ֮󣬱Ͳ԰׵ɫʱ䳹ʧѪɫŽŲҲ
ˣ
˵ˣ
ôܣ
ͻȻֻ˹ҲĪļҪץֻ壬ǿֻͬԼӣȻֻпֻںԼ˵ѵģ
ϧ
ֻжһ˲䣬º;Ѿ׼ʽǰֱӽסˣ
ô˶أҪǻ˺ֻôУ
ѵǲҪӵ𣿣
ǰãֻ½ǣǿֻȴԹ᲻ԾĴۿе䣬ôҲֻĻ
ƭҵģҪĻʱͽǼŹ飡
ŹĻƭң
˵ʲôĻģ˵ʲôᣡ
Щʧȥǣ
⵹ǿ⡣
ҪǻˣʱҲἤʧȥ˿ˡ
ǧѣĺӣ˵黹δüֱӱ֪Ѿˣ
ûиˡ
ǻ˭Խܰɡ
ֻȴֻĿĿŶڵϵãһӵֶƭ𣿡
־ãҪû£ҺƴǻôĵĹˮôյ𣿡
´ʱڳ֮нĽǵӦɣ
ֻÿ˵һ仰˵Ĵ
ǡɲġ
֪㲻ԸţΪ㿴ƴû£ΪƴڵĹƳҲû£Ƴû£ϹĵҲû¡ֻ֪һ㣬ſ˵
ǣŲţ綼Ѿˡ
ҺƴۿģʬҲǲģѩĸ׵ĹѨһ𡣡
ƴڵĹƳ棬ǳʲôʰɣҲпôҵҽةҽãԿûʲô仯
˲ۿе䡣
ڣҪʱ䣬Ҳûˣ粻ˣ֪ˡ
ֻŵ̾һѾˣ˺ӣαҪԼȥڴǰĳ޺ͼʲʵС
֪ҪҵǱŹ飬ûб˼ֻҪЩйƵβˣԸ⣬⿪ϵĹƳҲУҲ˼ȥеĹ顣
Ϊֻ΢Űࣺ仰˵ƴǣңҿ⣬֮ǰȴһһ⣬۾ûпǷ𣿡
ۿһһΪõģֻΪ۲ҪȥռţΪϼҼ㱻ѣϼҼΧɥȪ
۵ĺҲ
˵ۡ
ȷǷġ
ǷҲֻһ˲䣬ƴǺֻ˷ͬģٰüʱǷҲת˲š
ûʸôȰң
ʹֻ˵˲֪Թûʸȥ۵˭ǷǶԴ
ƾʲôֻһˣҪ´ǰĳޣʵʵĽԼĵƽȥ
ѵֻ˵һˣԼǰܵЩίʹ࣬ȫʧ
ҲֻΪãˣŻɹҵݣܹĻδرҺã
ɺ죬ҧŴ
ֻǺŽ׳ˣͲֵײİҪȨĸ߷ʱֿ
ֻһʲôˡ
õļ۰Լˣأ
ǺǺǡ
ܵ˴̼һͻȻЦ˳˵ҪҽǱŹ飬˵֮ԾҲţΪҪµİ𣿡
˵·ҪԼѡ񣡡
ǣƴǽüš֪Ҫʲô˸֮󣬻ǿ϶Ļش
Щ³ĲԼ۽ǵˮǻĴӵĿֱƴǣҲ·ѡ񡣡

1567ƾʲô

ƾʲôÿζҪƣ
ƾʲôÿζֻƴǽѡǰֻܱѡ
ǰƣûеҲͰˣڵѾټɵƴǺֻˡ
Ѿˣʣ֪ƵֻԼˣƴǺֻ˵ζʲô˼ֵ
ֻ³ĨԼۿеˮһ˿Ц𴽽ǣŵؿƴǺֻ
ҪҵǱйعص鼮ҪҾЩйƵ˿ԣҿԴӦǵҪ󣬲ҰǵҪȥеˣ˽ҩҲ·ѡ񡣡
ĿģƴǺֻϵı鿴ֻúǼ
Ҫôֱɱҡ
˻
ЦЦ˵仰ʱƴǺֻɫ΢΢䣬ɵõһ
Ǹ
ʲôֵҪ
ҪҪűֱɱԼġ
Ȼ
˿ӳ˵˪ҪôұҪĻʺ󡣡
ϵıӺÿˡ
ʺ󡭡
һھôĳ롣
ȻʲôʱԼҰġ
Цӡ
һʱ֮ЩϵıǾʷḻȴȫȻںһ߸ߵͷ䡣
ƴǣֻҲ˽⣬֪Ҫʲô
ҲҪͷأΪ˰ˡ
֮Ĺ飬ҲҪﵽĿģһֽʥּİΪĻʺ󣬲Ϻ
̲סһĨѪЦݣֻǷһԶƴǣôǰЩйˣҲûʲôԵģο˻ʺǾͳҵ񣬾ҵҲӦ顣
ֻɱΪˣǹƳͻԼʧй˵ϣЩйƵȻϿûʲô⣬ǡһʱ䵽һޡ
Ǹʱ򣬾ǹҵǰҪǣҲΪˣ
Ŀ䣬˵Щȴſڿӡ
¿ЩйƵˣûʲôҪ鷢Ϊʱ䲻ãʱûе
һŵޣЩƳͻȥʳй˵塣
û¹ȥЩƳ棬йƵ˻ܺã
ȻĻô˵ûҪڵǡ
֪ý⿪Ƴ˾ֻʣһˣȴô·
ɱҪΪʺ
Ҫɱô򵥵ĽĻֻƴҲ˷ôʱǰѡˡ
˲ҪôйƵ˿ҲҪ꣬δǣ̫ˡ
ԭƴǺֻֻǻûô򵥣ЩƳҲֻǼй˵ڣûĴӸԴϽ⿪
ڿһƬӦֻ֮ƴҲƶԼжϡ

ҩ֮ǰǲģǵڶ㡭
ƴɫʱĻʺֻֻһҲֻֻһˣֻŮҪΪҪȥֻ

ƴȻûлش𣬿ƴϵı飬ѾһȻģ̲סЦ

˵ʲôΪµİգ˵ʲôʴ壬ʵԼ˽İˡ
һ˵ıȳĶҪҴηĽȥҪȥףǵȴô㲻ʹϣúЦ𣿡
ڵ˫ĿĿֻƴǣҲҪһʺ֮λˣǾǧΪѣ
ƾʲôʲô¶ǵϣ
ƾʲôʲôҪʲôʹҪܣܵõһУ׷
ֻƴҲδ̫۸˰ɣ浱ɵӲɡ
Ŀ˵ĻҲûе˭Ĺأ
ȻֻƴҪˣôľˣǿ죬˵˵ͽԼĶ
׿֮ǰΪɱ㲻ֻóʺ֮λΪֻ
Ҳƴھֻ֮ѡ
Ҫô飬ȻֻԾԼǰڤ粻顣
ҪЩ׷
׷ǳΪˡ
ҪܺúõľӵԼϲĶ˭Ըû¶ȥԼ
ҪȥϰôĵĹƳأ
ǹǵģƾʲôôʲôҪʲôĽȥҪЩ˵ƣ˾һô
Ѿƹˤˡ
һֱƴǺֻǸ߸ϣǣ΢ֻΪ˸ֻġ
˭Ĺأ
ڵãֻʲô븶ҪõԼѾĻĹ飬ֻǳǸĺˣ
ʲô
ʮĴ󻵵
Σ

1568µѡʱ

˵ʲô׵Ľֻġ
ĽֻڸҲϧ
ֻҪҲҪֻ۲ſԡ
ô򵥡
ʹԼϾͲ֪۰һվ˵۵ӣұöġ
ֻƴǱţֲ˵̯̯֣ν˵ѾˣҲˣɱңպһܵžۣôйƵ˸ᣬҲֵˡ

ЦЩֻƴϼŭģʹ졣
ôֻ̫Ϊ𣿡
ƴҪ뿪ƴʱҪһѣǰɣ
Ǿʺλ᲻÷֣
ĵ˺Բã˫ķԼСϣ㣬Ȩƾҵ㿴ŰɣҪóͬҪĶܹƽǣ
üЦĿֻϸ̲ס䣬οֻղ㻹ڿ˵Ϊ°ˣڸΪ°ֿʼԥˣֵģĺ𣿡
˶˽ĵģҵ˽ģҲ˽ģ˭Ҳ˵˭ҵǰװһηӣУ
ľֻӡ
ڣĻˣô
ҵĺûʺԸ⸶ԸԼһ˵ҸȡյͰ𣿡

ЦԽԽſ񣬸˿ûнơ
º;褿ģѾһҪǰֱӽ£һԵƴɫҲƿ¡

ʲôݣȻôǵĻʺɣ
ŭ𣬿Ǿڼ˶ֵʱֻȴͻȻסº;褣תĿ ĵĿ
˵Ŀģ
ٿֹסЦĿƵĿֻȻģΪʱһ˼㿪Ц𣿡
òĶҲõҸ˸Ҹ
ֻеһеŮˣ
ôģԼҲ˺á
ҪֻƴమȴΪԼһӶôҲԵʹˣǱԼôеĳˡ
ô
ֻҾͳȫҪ뷨ȫҪն뷨ᣬ·Լѡɡ
˵Щ㲻ϵıǲġ
ֻѾɥʧǵģɵĿӦҪҲǲУһ顣
ʲô飿
ֻκλĶжֻʱ͸Լҽڰˡ
ûȤ̬ҲǸŶӡ
ֻȴ΢΢һЦûб̬ȸӰ쵽ƴŵʱ򣬾Ѿ˴µλȥ̳УڵĳʥǸҪʺҲӦǸĻʺ󣬶ƴǵĻʺ󡣡
ƴ̫ϻʡ
ŲĵĹ涨󹬴ȨڻʺУ̫һ㶼Ҫȥġ
ҲǺͳǵۺ׺йϵɡ
ҪǻϺͻʺΪ񣬲ĳһ뿪Ļᡣ
ԣϵЦݶʱ任ľҲһ̿
ɵá
˭֪ƸֻǸëûĻëСӰˣôһҪǼ޸ƸΪʺ⽫̶ȡ
޷
ߡ
ǻźӵģҪǻϣҪʺ󣬻˳ƽ⸹еĺƴǵϣǡ
ҪǳƸĻֻȥʺ󡭡ҲңûôƤ˵ԼеĹǻʼѪ
ôͬ
ֻм߳ŭģֻǹģң
ֻȴǱԼԼڿӵıָЦˣҲûб㣬ֻҪһõĽʽˡ
ѵƴԸãӦغţúõĴĺӻȥٻ󲻺𣿡
ҪŪóѪɺӣôնɥſԸ𣿡
ֻŵһ̾ѾˣúõĻѪȥҪġ
οľãΪϻʺһǷѾŵ֮λνڽϵλ׿ԽȺأ
ˣˣվֻǻữΪһĨ
˻ţҪӦǿĲǡ
ҺƴǣΪϺͻʺ֮λǷѾĻҲֵõģƴѾλ̫ӣֲܣΪ̫ϻʣΪʲôϼҼвȻһ㣬ҪģƴԼǻλǼ

1569Լѡ

ƴʲôˣ
Ը飬˭ǿȵ
ϼҼ
Ǻǡ
˼
һʼϼҼƴǵоͺЦһѹûаƴֻϼҼΪһڣպҪλˣ
ЩʱķʵǰŸΣи˵ĺãǸ˱ڱ˿ĵطҲŸ˵ĿԺΪѡ
Ľ˵ʱ򣬱˼пҲĽ㡣
仰ֻ˵ĵġ
ĽֻƴݹأӵɽֻȴĽҰҺޣܻԼİ˵ĺӡ
һƴʱġ
Ҫһ㣬ȷֶõģô޹Ƶİյȴ޹ģ˫մôѪѵͲ㸹еĺ𣿡
Ϊ²𣿡
ֻĻĶжڳΨᵽ˸еĺӣ͸еĺӻµʱ΢Ҳ֮ǰǰǿơ
ֻĿЩɵȰ㿴Ϊϵˣмǵգ
ѵû˵ΰű˶ƴǸʺĸĻλƴ˶ٲ½ݻλ˻
ʵĻᣬܴȨҲĽ㡣
ʵֻǿɬһĨ΢ЦҺƴ˵ˣҪҵ⿪ƳĽҩĻǴ˿ѾЯңɽˮˡ
ƺǱֻԼĵĻ
ŵˮδε£ʵؿֻƴǡ
ǰǿЯһˮɽˮңˡ
أ
ҵѾˣ˻ҪҵһвܺܺõĻȥҪûѯҵʱһ㣬ѾǰˣҪҩұ㽫ҩǣ;ɱңҲǲܽġ
Լѡɣ
Ҳһʱ
£תȥκεˡ
˾ֻƴ໥һۣ˳ȥˣȴɡ
ô죿
ţµƢ̲סˣôô
ԼòҸҲˣȻҪϺͻʺԶֿ
ô񶾵Ůټ
ϣʺҪȻ±ֱȥһˣҲ⿴ķǸʲôƳ濴ŵģ˭֪ûУһֻΪ˳ȫԼҰģ˵ƭǵ飬ѲҪΪ翵ĶԼҸ𣿡
褸ߡ

һֱĬصة࣬ҲǸŵͷʾͬǰ΢Ҳþ˵ĻӦûϺͻʺúãȻͲôıǸ֧ˣ
ԣ
ҲűԼ̬ȣ
ֱ֣Ǻ֣
ʺô򵥶Ϸ˵˭Ҫġ
Ҫ
˼񶾣ֵ״Ůˣű˵ĺӣƴǺֻܵٹҲܽܡ
ȿ˵ɣ
ة̬ȣƴǵĽüɵýšһ𣬱ֻôһЩߣĴһˮβ׼һ£ʱûȥõˣ

ةĳֻ˹֣ڼҪİ취ʱֻԺͻȻ˶
˳˵˹ȥƼ˳Ľ׵Ӱ
²Ľ΢ЩɣΪո·Ե÷糾ͣȴѿ˫ڵĿ˸⡣
ϣʺ
Ľ׺ϲĿˡƽĻҲˡ
ٴة˵ΪҪȥѰһζҪҩ뿪ˣҵˣ
ʲôҪҩ
Ƚ֮£ֻǶڳĽҵҩΪע
Ľصĵ˵ͷиڵĸˣѾҵˣϣζҩģϵĹƳżЧ
ԣƴϵı鶼֣ةѾԸ˾£ƴǺֻгĽ顣
ֻǾϲ˵ʲô
ҵ˶ƴڵĹƳõҩˣ
ԣ˵Ĺ򣬳Ľ ѾСҩ͵ֻǰҡ
һͬĽóģ֮ǰĽ˵Ǵҵҽ
ǰȥѩʱұϾʱоҸ׵ҽû뵽ǸһżȻĻʾķ֣
ֻƴ໥һۣǴյ˳Ľ׵ǰҡҷλƵĹâ
ֻƴǵĿҲųĽ׵һһƶ
ֻĽ׶䣬ֽˮ˵˰棬󣬾Ȼҽ˺ˮ赱нݣ
֮󡭡
ֻƴǱɫˡ

1570 ĵ

ЩǼͨ˺֢ҽ飬˲ͱ˼˹Ƴҽ顣
ĽҲЩտʼһܺ棬Ϊʲôҵĸ֮ǰֻһҸǵҵ壬һͨ޳ҽ飡
ԭҽǬȻҸ׺±˲Żַ˰ɣ
ҪǸ̰棬СĽˮ棬һҲ޷͸Ǭ
ֻƴųĽ׵ĽͣɵҲųĽ׵ĶǱҽܿıһòĳ˵ǰ
ֻ΢΢ŰǰЩϵļأЩ
֮ǰϸĲ̽ˣصģȻרҵƵļǺܶ࣬Ҹ׵ĵúᣬԭҸ׻ŵʱʹƳ棡
ԣ˼룬жЩƳодⱾҽϣյʱ򣬿ϧոոöô֮󣬻δüⱾҽ䣬Ѿˣ
˵ʱ򣬳ĽײɵüģԺи̲סڻŵ顣
׵ҽ߳ǰ뾳ҽ˶ˡ
ϧԼȴС̫飬ڻʱҲ̲סЩп̫ģˡ
ڡ
ɣڤڤ֮УóƸ轫ܸ˳
ҽأܶĹƳ棬Ҫ⿪ҪһζҲؼһζҩģɽ
ĽĿԼõɽ棬ϲûҵζؼҩĵĸˣǿʼüĽš
ôˣ򣿡
ҵɽǺܺõƴǺЩйо˰
ΪʲôģǺܸˣ
ֻŽĿųĽףʲôΪѵĵط˵ǴҺúõһ
Ľü ˼Ƭ֮㻺Ŀ˿ڣ˵Ҳ֪ǲҶģǵǴè塣
ǿ֪ΪʲôһζҩģǼ涼ȲֱӾҹȥζҩĸȡ𣿡
֪
ֻƴǵĿ˼֣ԣǲ֪ġ
ļ̲סҪ֪
֪ʲôʲôͿ˵ɣ
ҲˣֻѵõʧأɽҪһֱںڰеͻȻһƾһôܲŽźżأ
ԭɽȻ㲻óȴҲǸֲڸ׵ҽأʮǰɽĪĴʧˣΪɽҩüֵܵͣûʲôҪãԣʧˣҲûȥˡ
ңǰҲ߱ϱϵɽʧ֮ٴһЩƫԺĵطȥѰһЩɽԱʱ֮裬ֻϧһ˵ޣ˶Զ˶ãʼնûҵ
˻
ûҵ
ϾȻҲڳ۵ɽ
ֻƴɫ⻹ֻǴɣΪ춨ǣֻҪԵĶԴ룬ܲԶɣ
ߡ
Ҫɽɽϣҩõʧʮ꽫ʮ꣬ȣûо޴Ĳġ
Ϊôζţһ޴ıڱͼı
󣬶ñ󷢺
ʯ֮䣬ֻԺͻȻһѡ
Ǿǡ
ң
ֻǷҪġ
ʮǰҲǿ󣬵ǴػĺᣬҲʲôطҪס
ߡ
ҵȥ뾳ȥѰҳĽ׵ĸβ
ʲô
ǺѰζˣ
ֱ֮ǰҲһֱź飡
Ľ길׵ʱĿЩԶ˵ЩǽֻƴǾ𺳡
ԣسɽʱұ㲻һеĽеɽռһҵɽҰɽ٣
Ľеįһ̶Ǳ˾ϲˣҲٶȼ
ٶȳ۵ɽôô޵ģйƵȴô࣬Щˮнǲá
Ľɣںˣҵɽ٣ôֻҪƴԶһЩܽɽֲҴģ
ϾͲϡȱˣϣİ취йƵ˵ôģĽϵЦݸǰδеɡ
Եǵĺһ
ڴҽ˵κе֢˲˵ĲʹǱȳԵǸˣ
ԱȽ֮£ֻϵıûκεķɣǽע˳Ľ׵ϣ̽ŵĿڡ
򡣡
ǵõҵλε뾳ѰĸβģС

1571 

ֻͻȻסУҽʲô֢
ٿأֻʳڣƴǺͳĽ˶ɫ
⡭
Ǹ⡣
һص⡣
ǱĹ飬ɲɵľͱ֮ǰ䣬屡˸ˣҵǰȥ뾳£ټɽĪĴʧ
ĸ𣬵ȵȡ
һϵУͺΪ֮һڤڤ֮ڲٿš
ô
ĹؼþڶǰҵλϣǴﵽǰʲô֢ŻĴΪֻǳĽ׸ҽ߳ĴܾȺã
ߡ
ΪʲôǰĽ׵ĸ׾Ѿ֪˹Ƴ棬һоַ¼±˿
һУֻûв²⵽ص㣬Ҳǰ˾Ųʮˡ
ȻƴǺͳĽҲֻ˼
ǻɣǸҵĴȥ뾳ҸƹƳ棿
ֻٵ˸⣬ҪôȥβģҪôȥ̽ġ
ҪôЩ֮ǰǰҵλ֪λǵڲСĵ£˹Ƴ棬ҽΣҵ뾳Ľ׵ĸ׵ϣԳĽ׵ĸײŻԹƳ˽⣬һкܶĵãƵİ취С
ֵûô⡭
ǵڶֵĻδ̫ˡ
ҵˣùƳ̽̽ҽ߳Ĵ򣬿ǵܲܽ⿪ܽ⿪ǱȥѰζܽ⿪ҩģȻϣܽ⿪Ǳá
Ȼ
Ľ׵ĸףӦǽ⿪ˡ
˽˵ĸףλ뿪֮ûñˡ
ɻ
𣿡
ֻʣĽ׵ɫԽԽѿĿи𺳡
ԡĽ׵΢΢ɳ࣬ԻڻɣҸ׵ܿǺҵйأ
⡭ôܣ
ĽֻԼô֪ˣǻ˵Ļ𾪵ķӦҪȳĽ׻ǿҡ
϶ԼĸǾҵˣȻΪ޵ģڣڶ֮󣬾Ȼ˸߳Ľס
ĸ׵ͿܲǵޣǡǡΪǸˡһֱĽηġң
ǸʲôĴ
ǵҪ飬Ǻȥɽֲ棬Ҽ˱вЩҽ飬ҲӦҪı
ͻȻãĳĽףֻƺЩ̣ЩʱǺܲʹģһ˶޷׳ܣǲ˵δȥ˾ί
ûŵ˽ĴΡ
ѵ飬վҪԼȥԲУ
ƴһԱ͵͵ο򡣡
鲢ûеô⡣
ЩҽصĽƵİ취㲮˹Ƴ棬ҲӦҵ˽İ취ġ
лعɡ
ڹǻȥ

룬ƴǺֻοʱ򣬳ĽȴͻȻعһ㣬ֱӿھܾƴǺͳĽ׵롣
ɽȽȥھȥɽĵطѾ˻һԿء
ɽҰģӦǶǰûбٵģʱϴ񣬲Żڵҩ֡
һҪмǣֲʱģֲûгɹֻƻ֮Ҳڳ׵ľϣ
ĽͻȻ˸̬ȴ쳣ļᶨҾͲһعˣһиҪȥ
Ҫ֤Ĳ²⵽ǲģʵܼ򵥡
ĽڣǿŰʹģȴǽۡ
ֻƴҲƬ֮˳Ľ׵Ĵ㡣
ƴǽüһĴǴȥ
ʬ
ǡ
Ľ׵ʹӡ
ֻĲ²ܴ󵨣ûݵģҲûа취֤ġ
Ȼ˶꣬˵ʬȴԶ˵ѡ
ûйƣֻҪĽ׸ϻȥ뾳Ȼ󿪹ʬ׵ʬһбöˣ
飬Ҳǲŵİģ
Ľ̲סߴ٣ҵɽǻᱻ˸ƻǵĶԽԽá
УѾɽҶѾժˣУץʱоƳƳĽҩЩйƵ˷á
˵Ĺ򣬳ĽѾҽ֣صķֻУЩҽ㽻ˡ
ҪıȻȥоҸ׵ҽһеͽˣ
ĽĿĵֻϣκͼеģһҪĴһ㡣
Ľǣеϣֻˡ

1572 Уһ

£Ľױ㲻ȥֻصƴǼһ£úñء
Уһ
Ľһ仰Щζϧȴûиֻƴ˵ĻĻᣬǳĽߵļ
ܵȴǵൽʲôĽ׶һҪԻȥȷһ
ҹɫڵŨء
ֻƴϵıҲĪء
ƴȷӳֽϰڷŵҽһҳһҳղ
İɣһŷִģ־ͨҩ˴ҪݺҲҪɵ
Ҫ㽫򽻴ãȻҪһ˼ˡ
ֻջصǵЩɵĿƴǣվǵ˵ͷ
ǵġ
ô˵ҪƵĽҩ
ĽЩɽɾǾҩġ
˵ʲôҲҪúõ
ֻƴǵĶ죬һͻ˹棬ܵ׽ʲôѡܹǼһһд
ڡ
ǸɽҪ˵ĻܻЩģֱתȥأȷɽȫֲ֮һعɡֻ˼Ƭ̿
ƴҲûʲôá
ѾץˣôˮǰȫˣԺ󶼲ΪƹƳˡ
ƴǺֻ뿪Ҳûʲôˡ

ء
ա
ǼƴǺֻʱǲ죬漴ǰճĽ׵ķԸĳƴǺֻ񣬡μϣʺ
ϰ˶ƴǺֻƺϺͻʺ󣬿²ֻºة⼸˵ϰߣӦµϰˡ
ƴǺֻҲ
ٴֵɽĵطģ
ƴǷϣʲôķϻû˵ֱӲ뵽⡣
⣡
ϺͻʺƲ
ЩҲûкƴֻϻֱӴƴǺֻɽ˳Ľ˵һƬҪĵطȥֻƴǽܵĵٴʱɫҴңߵĴæߵʱֻ˵ػסƬطκɽҪУɽʲôǲ֪
ǿصʱ䣬ȷûзйκһ˵ġ
Ǳˡ
ƴǿֻ˱ЯֳɽȥԶֻ㿴˳Ľӡǣϲضڵϡ
ƴǣ㿴
Ȼɽģ
ֻСɽ֦ҶеĿɢŹԴͬһԵƴǽ͡
ȻҰɽǵ©ɣЩɽĺûйɣЩŤŤҲǺܶ࣬ɽֲع澫źĻĲڵʱССһҩҲ㹻ЩйƵ˽ˣ
ֻ񿴵ϣ
ҲΨһĺϢˡ
ŴҩرͲִ֣ټϹֲþЩҩĵķڸҪִģֻͲͬˡ
ִֻļ
ҪҽҩЩҩõĵطֲᱻ˷֣ҩػǷֿС
ٶɽûκġ
ֻСģɽ·ǿϡ䱦һ㣬ǵĸʱֲʱԴš
ˣˣʣµıЩɽñƻɣ
ժ㹻ֻĻĿĿһƬɽӺɽïʢҲſࡣ
ƴǵ˵ͷǱЩͨũңÿɽɽװũҪػƬҩǽƳ֮ǻع
ֻƴһ˳֮з·쳣˳
õƳҪҩҲǳʹ졣
ʹ֮ڡ
ñطꡣ
ֻһֻĸо
ڹĳƸ裬ڿӺֻʱ򣬲ҪƴǺֻ档
ĸȥĶˣ
Ϊʲôôʱ䶼
ΪǲҪء
Ƹ赽׻СӣͳĽ׵Ľ̵³úܺãЩСԵġ
˵ʺĸǰѻλ˸ôأ
ʲôȥó˵ʺĸ󶼽ڣΪʲôԼʵأ
ƸźƵĴ۾ƴǣĿڡ
ĹŮ̫࣬ȻһֱųƸ裬ǳƸԴȴɴôʣƴǺֻһԵĽԼʸ˳
Īľͳ˻ϣ
»Ҳ˰ɣ
ƴǳųƸ裬˳ƽƸ豧ڻУѵõᣬΪͲС˰
Ӧǳеεʱˡ
³ѣΪ̫ӣϣӺǲӦóеһЩΣڰæʺĸ󰡣

1573³ʧ

Ƹ農ƴǶԼ˵ЩãȻһ˫۾ĿҲ˲űüᶨ
ʣ˵ˣǶ֮ΪһӣӦе
ģһúõĵʵۣԲиʧģ
ƸĿᶨĿڵģ˲ɵþϲ
ֻƸԴĻϲǱƸĶ¿ɰˡ
ǹɡ
ʲôʱҲһƸɰĶӸǶá
弫еˣѾĺӣԼȴСƽƽ
뵽ֻɵЩįǺֻܿ㽫Լĵ׵һĨ˸ѹȥ
ǰΪƴǵӰ캢ӵĽֻǿűеĴʩԼкӣڲһˡ
ɽζƹƳĽҩҩҲƴڵĹƳ汻κֻ֮ͿԷĵĺƴǹͬ˵ĺˡ
ܾЩܹƳĥİպŵĵຣ
뵽ֻ㲻ЦƸԴƴǵĻﰲο˳Ƹ輸䣺ƴǣչ˺øȥЩˮҩģ
ҵ󡣡
ƴǽƸ豧ڻУ֣صĳֻ˵ͷףȥɡ
Ҫʲôþ褸㣬ֱȥˡ
ֻһЦʵ࣬ǹæ
ǣ
ʵͲӦȥ
»صƵֻпЩֱ޹濪ٳһأԽӹõɽ֦ʼֲ
ȻֻѾҪԼҩռϣǻҪװӵģƴǹزùĻһɳ֮
ʵͲֻ˲һɹڳƵæµ
˴ˮʱǱߢС
ĸߣѾˮĴεС
С㡭
ǵ˻ᣬտ޵棬ֻкĺˣȴǲĲ

˹𣿡ش𣬺ıٶȿڣˮĴ񡣡
ĵϰ𣿡
˵ʱ򣬺ĵ˫ѾˮʣһӱĪ飬üۼҲǾʧ
ġҡ
Ǹӡ
Ŀ˸Ǿִ٣ҡûҪȥˣҲҪƭġ
ֻҡ
һʱ֮侹Ȼ֪κͺĿڱˣΪõˣֿĸ飬ྭУǽϧġ
ƴǶԲ
ֻԲ
ǵʱֻʹǷںĵǰȴֻ޵ݵ
ĴĿ⣬Ļ䣺ֻ㻹ȥˣȥˡ
ģ˵ĲǸӵģҸտʼƣԹƳĿƲǺܺãҲ֪ Уֻ뿪ֻ֮ʣǹˣҪѧһЩֶεġ
֪ԼУ֪ģҶӶôΣǹƳԺӵ˺ܴҪֵͣģ˭֪ʱƴǺֻȴͻȻˣ
źĵ֣峺ˮ˫ʱģ֪ˮļңûҪġ
Ĭǹĳ˸ͷū澵ĴҪʲôǱʲôūȨ档
󣬸ǲϵı飬ֱתŹȥ
źʧǵıӰκͺڡ
ҪƣҲǷҪˮĴҪѹֻǸƳİԵ֮ԶԶҪ ӶӣѾ׼ȴҲǺܶطЩ
ЩȷɱģҲʲôˣ㲻ҲҪ˳ɷĴ񣬺û뵽ЩƳܳȥǸҧˣѾ̶ȵһƫƧĵطܿȺˣ
ҡ
ɫҰס
֮ǰļƻɱһЩ𸻺ͺˣĹƳ浽ûЧŪЩάԼ
ڹδɣûǰ˱ӻôֱܸӽŪôƴǺֻҲˣ
ҰٴҲûô
ϧ
ȴϸκν͵Ļᡣ

ū澡
Ӳĳƺǡĵʧˡ

1574

ҧŴȴѾֻƴٴμǺ˸ˣ
˵ʲôܽǹƴǺֻģһҪݺݵĥǲǣ뵽⣬ĴǱ㲻ԾٶȹһĨȣϵıҲǲ
ֻڲӦҵҪûϵ綼Ӧġ
ԼСЦѪۿеȴɴδε£磬ǲԤϣԼ˷ǰлΣա
ԹҪңȻҸߣ
һ㱨ģһ㱨ģ
ħһֿЦϵ˿ű㾪ţʵϣѾںʲôˣ籨𣬼绹ϲԼΪҪԼԼ뿪ùܶ࡭
ڸһִһȥͽڰˡ
ʶı֧ȥϣΪ籨Ҳƴǻֻȥ
ʵЩʱǿʼ޵
羿öǣŻƴǺ۵ôҪĹƳ档
Ƴǧ֡
Ĺʦ㽫ƳڸĿȥйƵˣе˶Լƿ֮С
統ȻȴоһֹƳ棬Իơ
ѪУйƵıҪˣһˣһҲ
˲һƣôƳ˽⿪ƳĽҩҲʵ䷴֮󣬸̥ǣΪȫİˡ
֪ƵĹϣ׽Ƴ׵ıΪƣ׵ľ
ҪǸΪԼҽֻȥƴڵĹƳ档
ֻһŪ֮ԼǰǸʱĵǶ˼֣
ӣҪԼһڹĻҪĵĶˣǿдҲãֻƴûõ֮ǰԼôǸһúõ̥ĵط
Ա㰲ĵ⹬סĵ̥ˡ
⺢ӹа˸µʱ䣬ƴǺ̴ֻĺãҪԼеĺԼʣǿϧƴϵĹƳȴǵȲ˸ôˡ
ԭƴϵĹƳֻҪ粻߶԰ȻѾˡ
֮ڡ
ƴǺϵĹƳ᲻ܿƵķٶʲôʣֻҽĴٸƴǳЩʲôóԵҩĵĻ¹Ƴ淢ʱ硣
ȵǸʱ򣬾ֻ֪ԼˣԼǰҲƴǵΪ书˷ܺ͹񫡣
ʲô̿ˡɻ
ҪֻƴǾܳŵã
뾳
Ľ׽ŲҴҵĺƴֻ֮󣬱һ·ˮ峯뾳ȥ
ʱĴ뾳д湬Ĺ񣬲̽ŹǴķռϢĽɫŵسԼǰʱȻ
ôˣ
ĽԸֳȣǵʲôʱʼǴŵЦݵġ
ĳĽȴǽŲҴңɫҲŻģǳʲô£
浱һõͷϮͷüĽĿųĽס
ǻʹʲô𣿡
ƴʲôΣգǹƳ޷ƣĽڻʹŵģżĸϻҲֻǻʹǱ߳Ż˻š
ĽȴҡҡͷĿĵؿʲôû˵ֱӵĳȥ
Ľ׸Щʧǣ汻һӢü֮Ŀɻ˼ƬѾӰ˳Ľ׵
ҩͯĽͻȻЩȡ
ôˣ
ȥ˵յͳͷҹĽ׵ͳҴҵĳȥңõͼֽһĶ֮󣬱㳯ǳټĹطȥ
ҩͯĽģЩãȻͷԣֿŽ棺⡭
Ӣü֮ǵǣǳڣȥǹķԸɡ
ǡ
ҲߣСҩͯ㲻ٷϻֱ˵յڳĽ׵һ뾳ټҵĹϡ
ԴĽ˼֮ǳټҵ˱뾳и׺ĸԼߣǺţĸûҲѻգֻʣ˳Ľ׹һ
ô꣬ĽȻԸĸ𣬵վǾź
ûܵúõķ̶ϣϱˡ

1575

ǺĹѾӲݴĽ׶˵ֱùʼݣҩͯСĵĽյһԣҲ˳ͷһ԰æ
ôͻȻҪϹͷɨĹˣЩ㽻Сͺˡ
ҩͯ΢ЦſڣΪĽͻȻҪТġ
Ȼ
⻰˵ڣĽȻûлش𣬵ĶȴǽСҩͯ𾪡
˵Ķ£ɨĹǰǸɾ˺ܶ࣬δСҩͯ׼öȥóĽ׼ݵʱ򣬱㿴˳ĽĳĹ˸˵Ļ޷š
ϣĽвѵĿԱҪŶλ°ߣλҪ£
£ĽױӶеֱֱĳŷذȥ
˻
ҩͯɵøŵһǡ
Ҫʲô
Ϊ
ǳˣҲȥѾ˶ʮ˵ķĹ˰ɣ
οĹ滹Լף
һȦ֮ܵʲô̼ˣȻ֮ô׵ˣСҩͯҪǰκĽŲȴǸһֱӽСҩͯȥ
ǸûִˣôһԼĵģҪ
Сҩͯ𾪵ĻδӦ֮£澹ȻеĳͷæĽڷء
⡭
ǡ򳪸氡
ڸʲô
СҩͯȻȴӢüšţǻɵ㸸׵쳣
ĽȻûֱӻشĻȴЩһҪۿֻܾҵһֲõԤС
Сҩͯźħһķˣ֮£Ҳֻ˸ͷæһ𣬺ܿģһľѱ˵ǰֻǹ治ʣЩϾɡ
ĽĿ󡭡
еûԥֱӿȥ
֨֨µ
Ҳѿ
Ȼ
ȴ˲ɵͷһ
СҩͯŵֱӶ˳ͷŵòڵϣϵĵȻҲ֮ʧȥĿ𺳵Ŀǹ
ʱ꣬ϹʬѾֻʣһ׹ǣǰ׹ǵܣĳӵʬ壬Ҳ֪Ϲʬ׾ǱЩĳӸɵĸɾȻ
ʡ
Щӣһʬ棬ǹƳ桭
ַƶɵĹƳ棡
ҺľײܷʵĹƳ沢ܳϢĶ򡭡
ôƳĻ뾳ͲôɽˮӦһ˰ɣ
Ľ΢΢ͨһĹϹĹԣʱۿлȻ
Ȼ
ףԵȥʱ򣬲ŻǧģҪһҪѰһľײ𣿡
ľģԲõĻЩƳĴҴܵĸܻˡ
Ľ׹ڵϣɺĿŹʬ壬ʱۿ˳ס
ӲТȻʱ֮׵һģ
Ӹ
ĽģһԵСҩͯҲܵ˸ȾûȥǰѯʳĽס
ҲǴ˵׳ĽĺΪʲôˡ
Լ𾴶ĸףȴȻڶʮű֣Ȼ˹Ƴ
ǸĹƳ档
ǰϹʱ֪ԼŹƳģһӶڽʾ֭ȥоβܽ˹ƣΪǱ¹ƵȨ죬Ķ
ϹȻ֪ȴֱ˵ĺͳĽ˵
ĳĽʢǳסȥҳұǱʲôˣԼ
ߣΪ˱Ľ׵ƽܼȺϹԸԼϵġ
ǣϹֵģԼǼ˵ҰֹڴˣΪ˱ܺǽдԼҽϡ
ǳĽûͬҲա
ܱԶ֪
ǳĽ֤ͬ˻޹йƣʱĽΪҵİ취ȻǻԼҽǱоʱ򡭡
ųĽ׷Լҽ¼ʱ򣬳ĽѾɳ˵ֱӺǱ¹˿⣬ԿҲΪ

ܱĥˡ
Ϲ龫ǣ࣬ǿڳĽ׵ȴֻԼܡ
ԼûãûжϹúĵĻͲôȻ䷢Լĸ׹࣡
ҪǻڳĽ׻ڹ档
񡭡
˵Ǳı˾Ĳˡ
Ľ˫ȭ߬صĴڹ֮ϣһԵ濴ۣĶ˳Ľ׵ԡ

1576Ȩ㳯Ұ1

üšƬ̣ҪοĽ׵ĻؽīմѪ̫
ôڵģȻҪѹĵġ
ʱ㻹С֪˸׵һУҲΪڣȻѾ֪˸࣬ǱҪúõϧԼŻл游ױġ
Ľ׺ۿ棬ƺ⻰˵ĺǴĽڻС
һü֮ȴȻ
飬Ȼ֮ǰԤϵģΪء
֪ǸҲʲôˣЩе鱨ȻӷңţֻҪҵйؼЩɵĵطȫô
һҵĹؼ㡣
ƺ
񻹲˵ʲô
Ժ뵽ЩԼϵ鱨ӦǡҲзݰɣ


ͬҵǰӿ
ʱʹȴǿһƬͣеڵ̴˿֮ϣǵҹҲûֹͣ
УΪ֡
Ļ塣
˷ģϻʵĦ£ʱڵĦ»ҰģҪ̲ĹϧԴʮǰĦ²֪Ѱ˸֮󣬱һ겻
ҪôɫҪôĳֻȫȻ ԼҰĸԺеĹҲúȥ
ģĳ㶼УϻʵȴרĵĺŮ˻죬°ѾԹص
ȻľȴǱκεĹҶǿ󣬱Ҳַ
ɫŨ
һŮƣ˿ϣԶܲǵڵֽԡ
ǰĴһɫر˳ǽп಻Ǳ˳ǿȰȴɲϡ
ϣϣɫǲٳɫУǾҪ˹
ǰϣɫ
ն
ϣ
ϣ
ЩڸϳһȺƶᣬ㲻ڵڴùţҲҪ˵̨Ϲš
˺ѵҲΪ֮ݡ
ϧ
ϻʵȴǲΪ
ֻһȥżá
Ĺ˽ŲҴңߵʱЩԶԶģһСıǵùմǵԼϣʱɾͲôˡ
Щݹأô˻ϵ˼ȴɲᱻЩĹ˾ͲһˣԲпֱܱӴն
ƶᣬû˸ǰš
ȻƽҹŨŨĺҹȴվһӰ
ĴǹһĨ΢Ц
ɫ¹͸Ʋҫڻʹڷ·ʹ֮ڶһ㱡ɴ
ܿĿµǱ˲ףһΣյˣ˲Ĵź
ū͸󣬾һδӱϳЩӰȴǲκεĶʩ
ͳҹо޵ϡ
ǻϵĵط̣ȥ
Щϲģ̫ĻᣬȴǰۣʵЩЩʱţֱȥˡ
ȥǴˣǰһЩپ˻ϵˡ
Ļȴ͸©޵ϣ֮󹧾ĳ˹֣ӰٵĴںҹ֮УֱӵĸǼλس
Щֱ˹ſʱūǵӰȻǰЩ΢΢Щȡ
Ϊ׵ĴǻǿԼǳЩ·ūͣ˭
ȻҵϷǰ

ÿ
Ȼǰһ뻹ҪְĴ󳼣һѾͷĽֵϣĪɪҡ
ˢˢˢ
Щǰūûж˵ϻûжͰ䣬ֱӰγԼĳЩȺĲĨȥ
ꡪ
ѪӿڶʹǹЦƺԽѪŲҲǻģ̨
һĨݵӰѾõڡ
ӰȻ֣ڵЩ˿֮΢΢ͣ٣ЩŮڼʱҲɵס
֮ڵһ˲ĪĽ
ȨϣҪϻʵ۵Ҫǿơ
Ƭ֮һ˲ͣٲٶȻָЩŮʦǲ֪һ㣬ּܡ
ЦЩ΢ɫȴǵȻسϻʵȥϧϻʵۻбŮȴϾȥոսŵ
ûлɣΪʲôڵڼһ˲ʶͣ٣һŻָû뵽ΪʲôڵˣȻĺ¾ηʤԼ

1577Ȩ㳯Ұ2

μϡ
΢΢ع˹֣ȴûа㶯㳯ϻʵ۹üۼѰֵ𾴡
ϻʵҲ⣬ûȥֻæİ˰֣ˡ
޺úõһѧģлЩʦǵˮƽãϧ˸ղһȺ߶߶̣û˲ٵ¡
ϻʵźƽ濴޾ɣЩͿյģ˵輧ʦʱȴɢŹҲż
΢΢ͳʮдԣȻѾʮü侫ȵģȴ㲻Щ꣬෴ȽЩϸһûеĳصϢʵԽˡ
ˣֶ֧ެѡŮѵ²͸ϵģ΢ҺͻᲢۣҺͻһЩŮˡ
˵˵ŵ۾ĿϬ
ȹӢڣ£ɫԵϻʵۣˣЩĵ輧ûʲôȤɣ


ϻʵ㿪ڵЦˬʣҲǸļ
ǿ
еŮƣ޴ǰһͬҲ޲ɡ
ϻʵȻô˵ԼĹάʱֹסЦݡ
ҲԣĹάĻĻ¶ǻϲģϧϻʵûп˵ⷬʱ׵ĿǶô䡣
Ҫʲôʹ
Ҫ಻㣬ϻλ˱ˣĻõϻʵ۰ˡ
˵̫ˣЧ΢ĸ򲻸ܻϵĶ͡
⣬΢ѾϽЩϻ쵰ˣԶǰˣ֪Ͽɷ⣿
ϻʵһЩԼǰ߶ĴǣѾˣ˲á
⣡
⣡ϻʵûаԥĵͷֻҪһЩԺٳԼǰϻʵ۱øˡ
ܵ
޵ߣޣ޾ǿԸˣ
ϻʵˬʵЦţǻصڣ輧ʦƺǱϻʵˬʵЦˣԽϻʵ۵ǰݡ
ϻʵ۵ҲǶ˼ֵΣ֮ǰ˵ϻʵ۵ǰ˵Ų֮ģһǻȡϻʵ۵ĻλҪϻʵ۶ӷ
Ȼôȥˣҵҵذæһʵ۱ϹϾôȥʼûԻŲ֮ġ
ϻʵҲ㽥ķĽġ
еܸĵһæҪԼܶʲôǣϻʵ۱Խķ
ԵӦһЩǰɵĴ󳼣ɴ֮ˡ
ҲֱӴյһر˸ɴ಻ϣе鶼С
Ϳ԰Щ˻ˡ
ǲ룬Щ̾ȻڳϿ׷˺󹬣ÿյϻʵȺȺݺƵУʱЩ϶᲻Ȱģֱӳ嵽ǰ棬Ƕϻʵǳ⣬Դ˵һЩϻʵرԸĻȥʵĻ˻ˡ
ϳ֣Щ϶ϻʵȻֵĵͷͬ⣬ʲôֶΣֻҪЩ϶ڳԼǰǴʧҲûʲôõĵط
ϻʵ۽е˶ڻУЦǺǵĿˡ
Һ޵߰æţȻĻһǻᱻЩ˸ģ
ϻʵۺεıԼ֮飬Ƚϻʵ۶ĿޣЦԽأ˵Ҳǫ
Ͽˣ΢Ͻǣ΢֮£û泩΢ĸ֣΢ԸЧ͡
ˣ΢㲻Żˣ΢£
ڵϢĪľЩУǿϻʵģǽĪĶġ
һ̶
£ƳŹȥߵʱȴϻʵۻеǸ˵ϡ
ǳ磬һӣС죬ǽΣ̲סȥһ׷󣬿ǡ
ǿǱģȻǻᾪġ
ֻΪϻʵۻ˵ģȻֻŰ˷ֵƣ
Ůüۼܺ峺ˮֻֿ¾ǻһִŮӿֻܾˣ
ֻֻһ˫ãǱϸ꣬ҲûǴҵôˣ
ŮӵģҲŸնʮͷֻǸʧٵĸף˭

1578ʧף1

Ǻǣȥɣȥæɣޱ㲻ˣ
ϻʵذ˰֣ͬеŮ֣ȥһۡ
תسŹȥ
ҹЩ䣬ŲһһĲں̨ϡ
溮絹࣬ȴ쳣ѡ
һЩūͱٶȻصԣĿڣĻѾЩȫˣҲͻϵǰˣ
Ҳָ֣ԶĴʧ
ϱеĮֻǵһ˵سŹȥ
ȻȴδǵⲻԶһ͵ȥ
ҪϻʵۺĴڹ̫ԶϢܼʱĴڹǿԼʱϻʵ۷ǡ
ϻʵһԸæôȫҲûһڴӦҪ󡣾ô˸ڣö֮ؽԼĸլᵽ˻ʹ档
õĻʹԭֻлʸס棬ھȻһˣǳӣȫȻǰĹԺ
ȻʱֻλãڵѾȨƳͿգҪҪǻʵֻۣһ֮䡣
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôѾ˳̶ȣȴʼղ̤һš
Ҳ֪ڵʲôڹ˼ʲô
ô꣬׷ƺżߣѾֱ˵ˣֻҪһ£ʲô˱ֱӽеá
ֻŻۼͿˡ
ǲôɣôԣʼհҶϻʵ۵̬ɹ
򶨵ģһЩ׽˿ʼɣǲǵͬǰϻʵĹûκεĶˣ
͵ڡ
ûκεĹŮ̷ԱߣҲû̫ˣȽ޹͵ġ
żЩѲӵҲ׽ˡ
Ĺس
ûһ㣬ԵĳԼĹȥԽЩѻɽֱۣӴԼ鷿ҡ
֨µʯűתҹĪЩء
ͬʱ˲佫յ͸ӰҲǻص֮ڡ
ŵ£ϻʵǺص̴ȣһľŵľ
ҵľͷһٻӰĳ֮ڣȴǱûвһ
ϰΪһŲߵǵٻӰǰ⴫ĶǵӰȴûлͷ·ĳ޶ã
ҲϰٻӰĮ̬ȣŭҲֻɫȻģִóһ飬Լ˱裬ŮӵԣȻĿдԼ飬
޳ֹǽڷָĦڰƺֻʱʱķʣµıûС
ʱã˵ȴһ¾õĸоֻ¾õĸоֻǼ
ŮӻתĿĿʮˣѾ15ˣ
ˣ˼𣿡
Ŀڣ΢΢ЩȣûпŮӵòŮ֮ʱȻǸŮҲӦǳ׵ġ
ͬʱŮת˲䣬ǵϵգǽһ˲΢΢

ϻʵۻбŵǸˣǰŮӲǵǡ
ϻʵۻеǸֻƷˣ
ŮͬԼ˵ܺãЩϲĽһе£漴ĵĻش֮ǰֵȫһ˸һ㡣
Ҳġ
С֪ģҪʲôЩͨӦң㲻ˣ
δĻ£ǸΪСŮ˱ͻȻǳ⣬Ļ
Σ
Ļ̼ǰŮˣֻСǴʹŮӣŮҲ΢΢˼Ҳŭ⡣
ɲ룬ŮӵһǳʱϲûаŭǱĴ̲ס΢΢ĹһĨЦݣ񣬿ǰˣǳԺ;
ĿڣƺЩĸпǰΡ
ʮһֱұΣҲƳı벻һΡ
ĿЩԶ˵ĻǸп˳ᢣһе鶼ԼУǿͬĳãҲûӳħצΨ
ǧ㣬©һ顣
ˣƣƲסġ
ǰŮˣǸǣ˼ˣ

1579ʧף2

˵ģŮʲô˲õһ΢΢ŭⲻģҲںڣżһ۵ʱɱ㣬ǲھͲĽ֣
˻
ţ

ǸϻʵۻбŵһòǸ˸ӳڳ
С𡭡
⼸΢Ĵϵһ𣬱˲Ȼ
ǰŮӣǱˣ
ֻǸʧĸף𣡣
Ȼûġ
ȻΣգ
ȻҵС
ֲõŶôȥѰ𣬶Ǻıӻ
ѰңҲ޷ɣ
Ǻǡ
ߵŮӣȻ򴽵͵͵Ц˳Ŀǳ磺᲻õġ
ãǧٴɱҵĻġ
Сɡ
ⱲӣעҪమɱһģͻȻЩǻ֣ʲôϡ䱦һ㣬ڴߣȥ
Ǽжɫϣϧڱҩ书ʧġ
˶˵±ÿŶҪŮǰ̷УҪ˵ִгֱһ
ɱ
ɱ
˵ɣ
ϷűŭɲϵЦݾԽԽģǾ
СԵһЩȻյİı鶼ûУľżһ̲סҪϧ
Сÿ
Ҿ֪Զ𣬲ܵʲôʱ򣬲ܾʲôʼǸܷŮ𣿡
˵Ļʱ򣬲ɵñë
ǰˣǵ괳ŵǸӣ
û뵽Ȼ
ѹֵþֶҲ޷Ѱҵ䣬ѹ־ϻۻҲϡ
Ȩ㳯Ұĸٺʲˡ
֪Σյ˾ȵǸˣһһֱӽˣ
ѾϰǵЦҲԽļС֪𣿡
ôΨһҵ飬Ψһƻ֮飬㡣
ĶΪһҼ֪𣿡
ֻѧˣֵɫϻʵ۵ǰѾϻԵ߻ˣϻʵۿ㱾գ»ֱǸϻʵ۳޷԰εİɣ
Ǹп˵ֽҡҡͷҵġ
ôϻʵۿ㣬ȥ㣡
ʵۣ϶˼Ǻܿɢȥ±ᣬ繵Ŀ
С֪ңҶĲǶ𣬵ǲҪС֮仹кܾúܾõʱ䣬㶼ԭң綼½ң°ҵģǵڳʱ
ħ³˵ʱ򣬵µǻΪ۵ʱҵĻʺˣΨһĻʺ󣡣
ҲΪҶûеǻȥԭֻһ㵽ݣΪҪõĶʺҲԶԶֻΨһĻʺ󣬲䡭
ÿһ仰˵棬𺳡
ѹ֡
ѹֶ֮ǰͻŻǣѹΪʲôô֮λȨȴûнϻʵֱնɱһֱڵȡ
ڵһҲڵһ
ȵģҪͳһĹ
Ļϣ
ôô򷢵
ǺЦ
棬ģΨһĻϣĹһҵĻϡ
֪ôԽ֮ⷬ͵͵͵Ц˳Ҳͺͬ顣
ͻȻЦŪЩãȻڵѯʵСôˣ
㲻Ըѵ㲻ΪҴΨһĻʺ𣿲һ֮ϵλãͬһͬɽӵķ𣿡
ϵıͻȻúǺִŵĿƺڵԼĿ϶һ
ȴǲεرԼĳ
ʲô˵ЦһĿǺǺǡ
ǺǺǡ
ⶼѾʲôģȻĴػ壿
㻹һͳµΣ

Ĵػڰ֮ǰѾˣʲôΣ˵ʲôʵۻʺ飬

˵ҸǾЦǾأ
ػ壬һͳ¡
ȻȻҵŲ֮ģһֱڰҲ޷Ϊ˸֣Ȼҵˣ⻰ӦҪλˣ

1580 ʧף3

ϧ
ϧ
ػڰ֮ǰ㱻˸Ʒˣ㶼壬ȥô꣬ǾȻŲű߼ʵΡ
Ҫ
ҪΪʵۣ
Ц޾Ĳ
֮ǰ֮ǣ⻳ɹȥĴػ޷԰Σ޷ʷ߳ʱȴ̲סЦ
ǿЦ
ԣӦǿɱѣĺÿɱ
ֻǵ͵͵Ц˳󣬱Ǳ˿ЦЩʧ˷ִ磬һķ羰ߡ
Ȼȴһֳһ޷ӵĳ
ٿǰץסĸ첲սң֪ҵֶΣ
Ҳ˺ 
Ǵ³ôһ仰
˶ԼĮӵ̬ȣͲ֪ʲôطˣֻ
ҲΨֵԣĺţðԼĵطҲ
Ǹ飬˵ʲô㱻óЦġ
κ
ҲУ
֪֪ôбͰɱˣҷøˡ
ϧ㲻ܣҲֻʹһЩֶĥҰˣ㻹ô
ôѾϰˣֲˡһƬ䡣
΢
ȴĿ˵⻰ʱϵı顣
ıĴʹ۾ڿһˣез꣬ݺݵؽץסǸ˦һԣҲӺݺݴӹϵ䣬ЩǱ
Ȼûиоһ㣬شӵµڹɺã۾ȥĿ⡣
ִݵҲٶ˳Ĭ
ãǺԼȥһ㣬ٶȵǰǿ۾ͬԼĶӣǺݺݵ°͡
ôȥˣȴںҡ
ʲôҵƭ㣿ǺҵĲǶֻںԼˣ
ٲҲҵģ˵Ϣ֮һУһеĳҹҪң
ⷬɫò԰ףشʹġ
졣
ٶȵ͵͵Ц˳ģȻǺгɾ͸е°
˵ĺܶԣǺ֣ͬţҪ鿴ŵŵľơ
Ǵػ帴źҪá
˵ܺúõúţԽǽΪצҲ˵Ȼܶ鶼޷ԤϲǼƻġ
ҪȥŴ̽ȴû㵽ԼоȻᵱϲŮӣϧŮԸ֪߰ʵݵĻȻʱǳҪ飬ٻء
ûа취ѡʧ١
ΪϢʧ٣ֹ˵ŮӶԼ룬ҲͬǶԼ룬Ůִŵĳ̶ȽԼֶ˼ģ޷ĳ̶ȡ
ΪΥҵȴҪŮһ
ǿȵġ
ƭġ
ʲôأ
ʲôֶΣԼߣ㹻ˡ
ɡ
ͻȻúۣѾˣھǸʮķӣٺִȥҲʲô
ǸִȥԼúõıĿ񣬻Ϣһ
⸱ӵǲŹ˶ã˵˼仰۵ļˡ
컺ı۾ƣ롣
Ը߰ΪѰǧɽˮߣ֪ͬʵĿ֮ߵҲɾ
ݣԼݡ
ڶϲȴҲɲһҪԶ뿪Զ뿪
ôԣҲ˵ߴû˸Լ
ȴһٶս
ƫƫôˣȴٳ²ȥȥֱɱ
ˣֻܽԼߣ᲻뿪ҲãĥҲգܹǽԼߵģֻҪҹҹĶܿǿԼĮģֻǶԼ䳰ȷܹеĻţĳԼߣôҲΪֵõġ
ĿĿЦյҵиĴ̶Ÿ𲻽üͷ
մⰴĦյҵУļЩ׵ˣ·ûбκζȾİֽһ㣬˫ҲΪձʧȥԭеĹ˾ˣǱĥȴ赲˵ٵݹ⡣
ֻ˳ϻ
֪𣿡
СʵǸмģֻһ㹻ǸϻʵԵ߻أʮϹ糯ˡ

1581 ʧף4

Ҳһʡȥ˺ܶ;
԰Ե𼴱ǰãȴҲҪ뾡취ԼߣôܻԼŮȥ̷ǸϻʵۣòŮӣģѧȥ˼־裬Ƿϻߡ
û뵽ѾϻԵߵղ˼
ЩЦʹ죬ǿƿĳȴԲٶġ
˵Щпġ
ԹӢ۶ѹ˹صģͬӢǰ㶼޷ֿסջ󣬳ȻҲûֺܶοϻɫǻ϶أ
£㲻ȥϵı飬ĿڣȺϢ㡣
̤ңڴҵгȥһ˲䣬ϵЦҲһ
·Ǹ˵Ц˵ڵǽȻͬˡ


ɽֲֻ˿ռ֮ٶȺܿ죬ۼǰղŸոʩ˷ʵģձǳһƬ͵ĸֻǻϲ
޹صЩɽȴûʲôҪղɽռӦȻҶ
ҩĵ飬Ǽõġ
ȴĹֻһɽͬƴ˵֮ž褺ȥּˡ
ƴǣɽֲѾ඼ˣڵȴʱһЩɽּҺһ¾ýҩ
нⲿҽ䡣
ҽǱҸģһһ°빦
ة˳һ֮࣬Ҫȥֻô
ƴֻ飬ҲûıͷҳԸŻʺһͬȥûʺİȫ
ʵͲӦ֣һ˱ڻ֮£»صּҡ
ϸ꾭ĵ֮Ӻ˲٣Ч֮ǰϸɫǲ԰׵ģֽͬһûѪɫȴۼź󣬲ҲնڴţĲ»صԺɫҪǺ˺ܶࡣ
ԵĽ
ǰϸټϺ̥λ˲ٵʹ࣬һ㿵ǵʱҲġ
ϸϴŵЦݣ¸ǲԾɢĸԵĹԣǴȰһԿţةҲΪϸӼʶеˡ
лڣϸ֮ʱҪһˡ
ةϻοĿڸлȴǴ󵨵ЦЦ̫ˡ
ϸ걾ҵֶŮչұӦ飬Ϊҽߣ没β֮е飬лңǱ̫ˡ
óչ˺ϸ꣬Ҳ˲ٵġ
Ȼ
˻ҪȥӴˣֻԼһ˽ԼСԺ棬ǻıԱյġ
ͱʱõĶˡ
ةЦڼлҳ֮ʱһӰĳ֣ǽЩϲ
ֻ
ϸȿֻĳ֣Цŵĳֻкôˣ
ֻΪʺƽûʲôҪ飬Ҫڹ档
ǰֻŸոճԼԺ棬ûãֻٶȳ˿ǻġ
ЩҪ飬Թһˡ
ֻϵıȴ֣صĿһԵ
ﵱ㷴ӦЩҪȥͷϸɢɣһʱ֮ϸȥ
á
ةϸʮֻǸֻʮĿռʱ䣬û߶õʱ䣬ֱӴϸ»شš
ֻȥһԵİ档
ôżʲôҪ𣿡üĽĿڡ
ֻ˵ֱӽɽõǰЩ֡
㿴ǽ⿪ƳҪҩ
ͬ˵ֶȥЩƳԶĸ⿪
ɽ⿪Ƴҩ
ңֻԼҽԵĽǰ
ߵʱдҽ䣬ҽ棬ҩڣҪһЩҩģȡҵķӡ
ҽÿҽ˽ܵƷ
Ҳÿҽܶı
ĽΪԼеҪҵ⿪Ƴİ취Ա㽫Ҫҽ佻Լ
Լʱ˳Ľ׵׼ûоĽ׵֮ǰֻٽҽ䵱Ĵĸˡ
ܹΪЩйƵİģֻһЩҽ䣬ҵҽ¼ƽƵҩ֮и߸ֻйؽƵĵطͲΥҽˡ

1582 ؼϼҼ

ֻ˵ҵ˽ƵҩǼ
˫΢΢ЩֻܳҩѸٵҩԽļĿֻ
ҩǴӺζ׼ȷ𣿿𣿡
½ҩҩĿ˸飬жҩ󵨺ͰԵ֮Ȼ
ƵȴͬСɣʲôϣҪСĽģ
ʣֻصĵͷס
ҽǸҽҽһߣĸ׵ҽǷ켫ĵزҩյʱġ
ǿ׵ġ
Чжܲܽ⿪йƳ棬ֻоȻٸЩйƵ˷ˡ
ֻţŵЩӣӦѾ˿ʼƳ淢ˡ
ϼҼȴ뿪ŵЩϼҵӵ˳֮ѾЩʱգǱŵĵйƵʱҪ硣
ôʱ֮ڶûõҩǴʱѾĳܲס˰ɣ
ૼҵڶӣﲻͫ΢
Ǳٶ˵ˣֱӽưɡ
ҩȻˣÿζҩǶ٣ǰʲô˳ҩȴû˵Ҫһһʵġ
ȻĽ׵ĸףҽĴҲǶԹƳǰûʮ׼ȷЩҩģ
Ľ׵ĸ׾ͲֱӽЩڵĹƳɱˡ
ֻҲ˵ͷ˲ԥֻ׼õĸҩ˳㰴һһһоá
ãĴ֧֮£һµҩǳɹĳֻǰˡ
˾͵أֱָЩҩҪҩİձƳˮЯͬة˱
ҺҪҪţ治õˡ
עⰲȫֻȰĿֻ·Ҳһ㣺ȥɣ̫ˡ

С
廨ϼҼֻûڿҧһܡ
֮ԼҲǲѪ˿ҪѿȻ
ȴþҲ޷ֺġ
ڵУϼҼģʤһЩϼҵĵƺҪϼҼء

濴صۻʱʱĽЩ˵ûʵԴǰʱ䣬ЩȺѾ˲ܿƵķ֮󡭡
űǳ׽գû˸ҽˡ
ֻʱ򣬽η濴صЩۺǲ죬ʧ֮ȴ֪γƺ
ǲʵͲ࿴׼ǰֻƣ˱㶥ֻŮݳɹĽηС
ԭλǷ̫ģ
˲ϰ߳ƺֻƴΪ̫ϻʺ̫󣬵ڻʳǽ£Щ۶Ƚعء
ֻݸһˣ㲻Ů֮⿴ط˵η˷顣
См仰Ҫһ¼λˣҲøλи׼
ϱ־壺Ҳ֪ôˣͻȻǷ˷裬˿ƣǽȥʱһҪúõĵģ˵ˡ
ֻһ̫ƹģݹأЩصǲģǱҪѻҪеģȥҪЩԼѡˡ
Լǽ֮ǰûĻʱ飬˭ﲻ
֪ˡ
Űɣ
ֻ״⣬ֻɫȻķԸЩۿţһ˱ǳɹĽ뵽˵εС
ͻȻ˻ζ֨֨µ˲ٵտصķǡ
ϼҼȷӦ
ٿֻʱЩŵŭģǸƴǣƭȡԼΣ׳йϢȴûаԼԼ
ǽǹⰵյĵطôá
ǽߡ
ȻϼҼҪĻδڣֱӱֻǵӰ˻ȥˡ
㡭
ô
ϼҼеɺڼʱ΢΢ȥЩıܿ˫ӡ
һ̬ǰϼҼ˵ʲôԸ顣
ûע⵽ϼҼЩ仯һ㣬ֱԽϼҼ˵棬ǹƳ淢ĵԱߡ
ʱʱ򣬵ѾϼҵĵӳܲסƳȺˡ
ȥ
ϼҼǹƳ淢ϼҵӵǰʱͻȻٵĿڡ
ϵĹƳ淢ʱûнҩ;ȲģѾʧԣŻʱ򿿹ȥֻܱˡ

1583µ

ϼҼֻ˵Լ˵ĻеĵǵĻ˵ĶȴǸ𺳡
ǡ
ֻ
ֻŲŵ۹ĿϼҼȻϼҼעϣǡ
ֻͻȻ֮˴һ㣬˲ˡ
˲׹ΪʲôﱻϼҼǰԴȴɲҪԼڳҪڣǿ嵭ӡ
ҲΪʲôִųҸԼһص˳
ΪеԭֻһǰŵϼҼ
ʵܵϼҼϲ˵ȷԼĸף
˷ǲľ顣
ôϼҼߵԼȴԼĸס
ǶǰϼҼϲԼĸס
ôȥˣǷݸѾʱЩ嵭ϼҼϲĸʲôط
ϼҼסþãȴ벻Ϊʲôˣ
ֻһǾϼҼҲʼĴˡ
ϼҼԼŰɡ
ҲϼҼĲ֪顣
ֶǺأֻҲ˵徿˭˭ˣڵֻȴʵĸ˵ģ
ΪոմϼҼǲԾ˵Ļġ
ԼûᵽҲԸԸϡ
ϼҼ涼ѾȻϲ򲻻ڿΣյʱǰżӦٶȿֻЩ˶ûܷӦ
ǵ˼õĽֻ֣źۼĽԼ˵ѹ
ϼҼ֮ǰΣ˶ٻ£ϼҼϲĻϼҼҪĹ£¿ʼĻôδҲǿף˵ġ
ֻϣܵõҸһ˹¶شڣӰµ
ϾݹʵĸҲεģҪǵĸߵ̫ûܹ˼ɺúҲۣܵϼҼô꣬Ҳ㲻ôˡ
ܿϼҼ׿ԼǰĹЩϼҼĻڹúõƴĻ֪ҲǸ˵ġ
ȻֻûнЩֱӵıֳڻ̸˵ʱ
ϼҼȷǺ£ȴܴܽϼҼǰĹȫһɶ
ˣñĳҪסıģ
һϼҼĸ飬ֻΪƲŻ᲻ԾرֳϼҼϵĹƳ汻⿪֮ԭα¶һ˿еĶ֮ҲϼҼԺĻֻƴ˵ʲôҲ ϼҼˡ
ֻɫߵߣֻﻺƽǰúõҩιйƳŵӵĿС
˱Ǳ񾭣Ŀһ˿ĶǸӵϣһ˲ʧҩЧķӦ
ʵֻܸܵϼҼı仯ھֺγ֪ܲϼҼԼ
ԼֻЩǴˣǹˡ
˳׵ʱ򣬱ϼҼѾԼĴڣЩˣȴ޷ﳹǡ
ѡֻһҲȫȻĽϼҼˡ
ϼڨڨЩ޵ݣһ䣬ҲǣҲǣǵϵŵĵӣȻĺת࣬Ҳֹס죬Ŀ𺳣
ҵ취𣿣
ҲԣտʼǻϼҼֻˣ֮ǰǴԼϢ
Ӧȥ˰ɣ
Ȼôõʱ䣡
ǻŻӦҲǺ˸ˣ
ϼҼ˼βֻܺ￪ڴΪ֮Ŭš
йƵʱģֻΪ书ǿĵӸ˺ܶ࣬ȻйڼûнҩƳҲһʱ䣬վڿɳܵķΧ֮ڡ
Ȼʹ࣬ȴҲڽϼҼ񳹵ʧ˷ִ磬Щڵҽеŵ񿴼ֻкŽ⿪ƳĽҩһϼҼ顣
֪нİ취ҲˣӲͦûа취飬ǼȻ֪ˣнİ취Ǳ˵ʲôҲҪúõȡһ£Ƴʵ̫ˣ
ҲϼҼּǿˢԼڸеΪ
ֻﲢû

1584

ǲʵͲ෴ϼҼģٿǰ佣˳ָϼҼǰź⣬ϼҼԾش˸Ҫ˵ĻҲȫڨڨ˻ȥ
²òͷ
ϼҼһӢҪСѾͷԴ
ƫƫ
ڵϼҼǾԲҷġ
ʾͲʡ
УУУæ֮ҽ˰ɣҲǶͶˣڽͶϵ˷ɱ˰ɡ
ԹսɱʹأܲڽǻѪĶͶܹƳ֮ɥεаɣĻԺǻηڣ˭Ͷ
ϼҼ˵Դ䣬ͶͶ·һĻô˭ΪʲôҪͶأ
ͶΪܻȥ
ֻúϼҼ֮
Ҳ֪ϼҼǲǿЩ˷ܣڲŻ໰
ֻｫȫĿⶼڹ۲ŵǸŵĵӵϡ
ֻеΪ˵Ī
Ǹָееˡ
˻
ոֻǸιҩ֮ǰǸӻɫʹڵϴҩŸڻʱ䡣
ڵϴŵĵɫͺתܶ࣬еɺȥͷҲɢһ˫ӣĿãȻ֪ովǷʲô顣
ǡôѽ
ǵӿԼ˫
һķӦӵȴǳ˸𺳡
˲ɵõһ
ǸӾȻûڹƳĥ֮ʹǻվ
ѵϵĹƳˣ
Ѿ⿪ˣ
ǰŮ˾ȻǶý⿪ĹƳ𣿣
ɵģϢ˵б˾޴ջ
Ǵϣ
оˣ
оˣ
ڲܹƳĥ
Щεֻ￴˹
ϼҼסɫҲͣҪ˵ֻﱾˣ
ڵʹŵӻָƽһվãȻĿ˵һ飡
ǾǳĽ׸׵ҩõġ
ҩƳ֮Խ⿪ЩڵĹˣ
ﻺǰסǷ˽ҩŵӵĲ̽
ΪֻʹŵĵҲģԼϡ
Ŀ⾼עֻķ򣬲Ծһ¿ˮƺҪ˸ӽš

üͷҲǻɢϲĶֻڣҩЧģ
ڵĹƳѾûˣ
ò˶õʱ䣬ڵĹƳɳΪʬ壬˳ųŵ⣬ʱƳΣˣ
ģ
ֻ֮Ŀ⾪ϲЩĲš
ŵĵôжԼģ̲סϲĿڣʲʲô
˵ڵĹƳˣ
⿪ˣ
Ժ󶼲ǹƳȺ𣿡
ŵĵѰ϶
Ҳ鼫úЦݵĳ˵ͷġ
ô򵥵֡
ڴʱĿ˵֮ȴ·֣ĵеЩŵĵ˫ɢŹҵϣ
ƺõ˾һ㣬ǱȺõĵӯʱֻǰлλľ֮¸м
֮λʲôԸСˣСһǣ
ŵĵӹֻ˵ǰʱйƵĵӸǷ׷׵ĳߵݡ
˾ȾǰɣҲŹƳĥɣʵ׶Ĵ̹ǰ
ǹƳнҩʱһûʲôӰ죬ԴϼҼǱεбǳ׶˽ҩ
ЩֲԼѪȣÿֻһЩֲڵķˣʳ֪ζͬ
Щ˲ϻ϶Ѿһ˵״̬ʵܲˡ
ÿյĹƳ淢ʱҪ˵
˶ý⿪ĵĶǿϣһǰֻ￴˾һ
Ҳ󷢴ȱȾǰɣ
Ƿģ֮ԹΪľҪǽ⿪ڵĹƳ棬ǲǣҲһֻΪȷҩԣԲҴģȥƣֻôһҩںˣǵǰӳ׵ĺת֮ǱԽҩƣȻǷˣҲܷġ
ԣЩ컹λһ°ɣ
Ѽҩģ֮󣬾ǽ⿪Ƴ棡
ЩŵĵӵĿֻĿ⸴ӵĵһһ͡
ÿµҩкͳ֮ʱҪҩģǰŵĵӱһ֮䣬һĿܣǲԣȻǱɵģһ涼ס

1585ʲôˣǺ

ֻǲʤмҲ޾Σлλ
λⷬܽڵĹƳȥĻǿԷԶ
ĳŵȫ֮ϲֻĿɢŹ
Ǳˡ
Եϼգҩռҩľܲˣ
һʱĽҩҲҪһʱ䣬ľϲ
ԭƴǻδȺصŵĵӡ
Ƕɱδǣ㣬ƴҲѪˣɱôĽЩ˷Żȥ˭ֻ֪ʲôȥΣգ
ǺˣԼȻ򣬼ʱͷòˣҲȥƴǺܶ鷳
ʵЩŵĵεġ
ûа취˶˽ģΪܻȥ˹ƳͱҪϼҼ
ϼҼҲ磬òֳ
ȻⱾϼҼԸĻλǱвŹĺԼܹǲһġ
ϼҼʵҲ޵ı
֮ǰģ磬صŴõģȴǰʯͷԼĽš
Ǳˡ
Ƶ飬ϼҼܺܣ
вЩ飬ǺԼһģֻܽ⿪ϵĹƳ棬ǽЩ˵Ժùһ㣬ǲ˺յġ
Ҫֻܱɹκ˹ƳĻǸպ˳ƾͿԱԼĿǷ֮飬˳µ±֤պٲַ

ǳѣʱҲܺܿ϶ĻشֻҪкһǾʱæ
ֻηг
ϼҼ򴽣ǶֻǿٻӰ˼ĴĿ⡣
ֻ𣬷ֱ˻ʹּҸլ
Ȼ
ۼžͿҪּҴŵʱȴͻȻס˽Ų󡭡
֪ͻȻɫҴҵģҪתȥʲôطˣ

ڡ
٣ԭǿƶʢĽһ˲ٵԪ
ҵôŵӶŲصڣԸӲĴãǡ
µȴˡ
ЩźúõĵǣӶĿʼƳ棬ɫʹģң˿űǾôĿġ
ī׺ͶīƱ
ЦЦĴڵεУۿǾǿĶīƺͶī׽ˡ
һ飬ǵ治˵
۱Ǵżģ˲ɵñ󷢺
ǣīȴȥһѾˣĺǱһ˫УȴеֻǷߺްˡ
Ǻǡ
бɱңҵĿдκõϢ
ʲô㣡
īƺݺݵĵۣѾˣҲˣ޲ȥɱԼãպġ
ҪõҩֱΣ
īƵſܻģǲԼ˵Ļ֮󣬲ûüۼŭⶼûУǵ͵͵Ц˳ЦĶīƱ󷢺
Ǻǡ
á
á
һģϧģİǸԶ֪ˡ
۴ǲɵùһĨЦݡһ˫аȵһۣȻǴЦݵģ׵ı䣬ȷʵ˲
һģǱʱ򣬶Ȼǻһ·ʱ򣬿ϧǶǲеˣǲеִţǸ
īϲǸͨˣݸ鶼ֵصģƫƫϲˣǸĺմѪĸˡ
ǸöīִŵѾˡ
īƵִţʱͱúǿЦ
ʱ򣬶īƵִţǻẦ˺ܶ޹˵Ǹ
Щ꣬촽ѪʲôӣʲôֶΣ֪ġ
ҵҲǺܶ࣬ǳһ˼Ǵʱڽ̹ˣұǸʹ졣
ڤ粻飬ôͲҪҶǲ
䣬ؿ˵Щöīϵı΢΢ôһ˲ĳɣһԵĶīףǳ׵Щġ
ʲôˣ
ʮ
ǰһЩ˰ϼҵĵӡ
ǲôӶûܽ۳׵նɱǸʱ۵书ûôߣܴﵽ˵
ھͳǵǰֻƾűץסĶī׺ͶīҪ۵ӳ졣
ǲܵ飡
һֲõԤжʱ˵ͷֻӲȥҲɵġ
㡭Ҫʲô
һԵĶīЩĿڣ۴ǵЦȴԽˡ
ʲôֻúõддǣϾѾϼҵļˡ

1586 ˵ǲ˵

Ϊһ峤Ƕ˴ʱ򣬰æϽһҲְɣ
Ŀɱ⡣
ôйƳˣûн취ԲС
ȶīƽܵо۵ҲǺܲݵģҲ㲻ΪԼΪôŵĵӶ
Ϊ˲
īƺͶīǰĸǲ֪Ƴҩ飬ҲԹ˽⡣
²ܴӸԴϽ⿪ЩƳ棬ҵһЩݻĽҩҲǸȡʱ䡣
Ȼ״չȥò˶Щӱǰװ׵Ĵѩˡ
ǶȺɥ
֪ǲ֪
ôңôвҶشҾǲ֪īеľһܿıع۵Ŀۡ
һ¿ˮ̵ģ
޷ǾǸ
ʲô³
۵͵͵ʱڵ𣬰żϷŰЦݣá
ܺá
ǸйģۺֳֶľҲ㶯֣֡
˵ףۻǹԼһء
˵ĻǽееĶīƺͶī׽ܳ𾪡
˻
ʲô
۾Ȼ˵˺īƣ¾ǳסĶīƣʱ۵Ļ֮Ҳʼɻ
Ǻܿ˵ĻöīƺͶī˳ױɫ
۱Ĵ΢΢һѪĻȣ㣬㶯㣬ĵܵȴԵúõʺʺ򡣡
һѪ飬һѾ˵İˣôźһͬͬţѡܿͻһشġ
۵Ļ࣬ȴҪöīƵɫ˲Ͳ԰˼֡
īܵܣǰĥī׵Ļ¶īһġ
ī֮ԳٳٲϽҩֻǺ޲ɱ磬ߣڷļŲɣ
ʲôûɱ磬ƫƫϲ룡
жīƿҲĴ˼ʡ
ڵĶīƣ˲⵱ˡ
ּʵĸоûнƵĻһ㣬ȼյԽԽʢ ûа취סԼ
ǡ
īƺ޲ȴǺ޲룬ǵЩȴǺԼѪˡ
Щ˴ǰԼͶī׽ܵȷǸеоûк˵ġ
˶īüۼľᡣ
֡ȴīٶ˼ʱ䣬ֱӶߵĵڣ¡
ˮ̾ı˳㰤ڶī׵һ顣
ŵһ̾˶ī׵ɫǸûκγɵĶī׵Ĳҽ˲ص


ۣ˵
㲻ú
īҧۣȴԽԽС
öīƵսľĸƷڻ尾
պĴʹ˶īƵģڶī׵ؿڣ˲䴫һսζ
ī׽е˺ѷΣȻʣȴ㶼ΪֻɫȻͰˮԱߣǶī׻赹㽫ˮ˿ϣѡ
˷
ֻǰĹ򲻵Ҫ˶ī׵İһ㣡
ˣˣס֣
㱰ɣ
īסīף

īѵϡﻩ˺ѷεĲҽǶʱڵ
ϧ
ȴǰöûС
պͲӶīƵͣһεڶī׵õļ

ƵζٶϮ
ֻںô£ǳ׵Ľжī׻Թȥ
δŵڶо߱īƱͻȻܵ˴̼һĺţۡס֣
ˣ
ס֣
ס֣ڵ˫Ŀֻƾ⼸ס֣Ҫͣ£īƣǸģҲܾɵǰɣ
ƾʲôס֣
Ц
ʲô˵͸ס֣
ϣ۵˵ȷУϧȴīƵģ
īƾĿѾʡµĶīףվ۵ͷס֣Ҫٴˣ
˵ҸҪ֪ˡ
īƵȻĹڵϣδεĴۿ£۾֮ٶ֮ʱȻľګ
ڿϻ˸λãһĿ΢΢ţ֣Щ̵ĵֹס˶ԼǾŶīƵĽ
ɻ֮δǽ¶йع飬ֻǻᰴʱĽѹƹƳĽҩˣ˷ַȥ
īƵʹĿ⣺ͻȻֻʣΪĽҩˡ
ü΢΢ţģ˼ŶīƵĻ١
ҿ԰ʣµЩҩ㣬ΪҪҺҵܸܵˣӴԺźûκεĹϵ

1587µĶ

鵽̶ֳȣ۴Ӧ˶īƺͶī׽ܶˣҲûȥˣûȥЩȺЩǵĵӡ
뿪õĽ취
ǲκ˼ʱ䣬ڶīƳ֮󣬱˲ͷӦˣԡ
īֻ̱ǿһֱӰͻȻһһ
˵Ľһļϡ
īƺͶī׽ܶ˵ҲûʲôҪĹϵˣŶӰ̫ˣ۸Ͳںţȥ硣
ҪֻеЩõĽҩˡ
ĵ۵׿ϣѸٵǰﶫīƽ⿪ӣī»֮Ҳüᶨִ
ȥЩҩȡԵȺһЩҩҲڵĵطˡ
ԡҲûб粵Եĵ˵ͷɶīԼжˡ
ī׻ǵУīܵ˺ܲ
ʱڵȺīƻʱ򣬶īѾˮˣǾؿȥĶīƵӰ۶ʹΡ
īջ۵Ķī׵һҩߵ͵۵ǰҪĶˣڣԽҵܸܵ˰ɣ
üǰҩ˹һϼ˹Ƴ棬ַĵӣǰ̽ųһŶīĽҩ
е˶ڵȺǵӵķӦ
ֻǽҩЧѣϼҵĵӷ֮˲ʹлָ
ĵط۰һīȴֱӵ˶ī׵ǰϵ̾ж£ĿۣڿԴ˰ɡ
㡣
۱īƱǺͣģֱӴ˶ī׳š
īΣɳĿŶīƣԲ𣬶㣬ҪΪҲὫôҩġ
ī۾ɺ졣
īһֱԼϲصĺܺãܣҪ粻ƵĻīԶὫԼݸ
ǡ
īȴǶīƵܵܣԼ飬ī׻ĸܵõġ
ī۵Ķī׵ͬʱī׵ҲŶīơ
īҡҡͷεŶīӼ߰ߵ˿ڣЦŵĿڣɵܵܣǽǣҪǵȥͶϣţҲ䵽زˡ
ȱ˵ˣ뿪ţһĵطţȻϵκ˵ٽһĴɡ
īƵЩпǰʱһжǰ뷨ȥģͻȻˣīһҲãȻĲ֪ʲôˣ
ϣī׵˵ͷĿڣãǾͰս˵İ취ȥɣ
µҲֻôˣ֮⣬֪ʲôѡˡ
󲻹书ģҪ¡
ֻΪС棬ҪǷȱܶ࣬ҪʱȥϤУ
ڡ
۽ЩѾƳĵǽ˳ֱ𽫽ҩֵǵУԼȴĵһš
ҩֻҩΪӵĻȻƳѹƹƳĽҩ
ʱ㲻ܳ׽йƵ˸ȻĻҲǿԴӸЩʹġ
кúõˣҩ࣬µĵǣʡŵãڵϡ۲ԼϼҵӷԸš
֮ǰֻߵľ飬õıľܺܺõĴúЩ飬мϺֶΡ
ǣ
Щϼҵĵӿ̬ʮֹôţҵ룬Լ뷨֪룬˿ӱ޽ǽҩͻص
ۻĳŲԺӷȥѾԺ棬۵üȴǽšһ
Ϊ죬ֵúܣԼڷŵУѾһüնϳżˡ
˼֮䣬۱վԺ濪˿ڣ룬ѾɹĴӶīƵõѹƹƳĽҩڶǷַȥˣһ͵ȴоȻڴãΣ
Ĳ۵ŸոջЩãȻĽеĹǵյУۿڣԡ
Ͱľȥɣûʲô뷨
ǲ˵Ĺ۵ӰȴѾƿķŵ˲ǰ
´Ų룬󱡴΢΢ţȴǻ˲ԡ
ôˣ
ڣ۵Ǵӽһ˲ڲϣƺǲ˲ȻãĿѯʣڵʲô֮
ֻߡ
ֻЩ硣
ȻһֿȴûʳڣֻĬĬĲ²ˡ
дʱʱҪڲǰ磬ǻӴ̼롣
ɲ˵鲻˵²ȴǿƲסġ

1858²֪滰ǻѻ

ϾǰǸӦۿҲǲɵñ𺳵ˡ
֮ҲƣȻٿڸ۽ٻ˵ѡ
ǰľٶȴƭ˵ģû˻Ϊƭһ˶Լôǿôˣ͸ΪƭԼˡ
֮֮ѡ񱣻Ų룬ȻҲĽ䱦İŲġ
˵ʵҪǻһԼ˵ʱ򣬿Ҳǻڻġ
Ҫ޷߳ҲǿģֻüĽ˼Ƭ̣ٶȿڣֻЩһʼѾעˣ˶壬ɱôŵĵӵʱʼͲпܵġ
ȻԼû̸ٴǶڸ飬Ҳидء
Ͳ֮䲻ͨŮϵô򵥣֮Ѫ
˫Ⱦŵģǲ˵Ѫ
뾿Ҫжܳ׵ĽһԺȻȻĺһ
Ȼǲܵģ
ãȻϣ۱ſҪο롣
벻ĻʱȴҡҡͷãҲĿʼƶǣҲΪϲŻģ
ЩįǸãȻɻ󣺡ʵ˵ʵڿеĳ͸壬Ϊ˱ҶİҴϵһʱǺ𺳣ȵˣҵȷΣͬҲźޡ
ǾңҲɱҺܶˣҵĸҲΪҸ֪Һ֮䲻и飬ֻҺ֮ǰ˵Щѡ
ʲô󣿡ڲĻشЩ⣬û뵽֮ǰȻԲ˵Ļ
Ϊʲô˶ڲȴûأ
۵ʣȴ֣صĵ˵ͷԣʱֻǶ˵˻һһ

ƺᵽһĨͬѰϢüĽĿŲ룬ʳڣ
ԡ
ٴεͷؽµöǵѴӻó۵ǰ
ĿƣüĽǳǵõڶҵĵ棬Ӫҵʱ
Ǹʱ۲˲ΣգסҪߣǸʱȴͻȻͳһöǵѡ
ֻǼ򵥵ĶǹǵѴ˼£߶ڵĹƳ淢ʹ
ڲ뻺óöǵѣǵڶҵεǸ
˻
Ҳ˵
Ҳ˵Ȼ֮󣬽ƹƳĹǵѽ˲룡
Ҫʲô
Ҫѧϰ𣿻ҪܿЩйƵˣֻߡ
˲˫аȵһĿ΢΢Щ𺳣Ҳ˵ʱ򣬾ȻƹƳĹǵѸ㣿
ôڤڤ֮Уۺ뵽ʲôؼҪһ㣬ҲŽ
أֶ˵ʲôüģеĿڡ
뻺̧ͷĿ⸴ӵĿۣ绹˵Ҫ⿪Ƴ棬ֻѧ߶ǵѣ˵ǵܡ
Ǿʲôܣȴûü˵ѾˣֻظЩģôֱӸҹϰɡ
ŵʱĳĵĿ⻺۵ϣһ飬ʱ˵ƴϵĹƳ治Ҫȥ⿪ǲ⣬ɰȻǶֽˣ·һ
ԣ˫һĿ΢΢˸һüĸǽšһţɵĿŲ롣
ʲôвҪȥ⿪ɰȻ⿪·һ
ѲڵĹƳҪԶһӶ嵱𣿣
羿ʲô˼
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪Ҫ㻹Ǿ㣬Ҹôġ۵ʣ뻺˵Լǡ
ĵǺ͹ҲûеģԲĸһӹɵģѾԼ֤ʵڲ˵ǸûǼֱǻһĳ̶ȣ
ϲۣҲˡ
Ϊ˰ռ룬ֻ߲뿴Ųһôͼпʱ˵ôһ仰
ڵĹƳ治ҲʱпɥȪҪͲһҲˡ
һֿܣǾ֮ǰԲ˵Ļġ
ҲϣҸ
ַʽȨ⣬Ҫһȫǿѡ
һֶҪģԲǣ˵Բô̵ʱһֱԥ
ΪǿǺйϵˣȷظʱ˵ĻǱĻġ
˵ظֻò뿪ģòõҸŻ֮ǰȻ򣬸벻벻Ҫ
ΪԼ涼޷ȷЩ飬˵ֻͽǰˣԲԥԥŵҪҪ磬ԥҪҪۡ
񣬼Ȼ۲Լ쳣ѯʳǲҲûʲôģɴֱӽԼ֪ۡ

1590 һҪץסλ

ֻſأͬһԵȴԼڵĲ룬˵ȲҪİɣ˵׿ʱҪ⿪ҺƴڵĹƳ棬ҲҲĽҩģൣҲ޲
мҪҪ˵㿴ʲô
۽ЩӶīõѹƹƳĽҩ͵˲ǰһظԼ֮ǰԺ˵Ļ
ƵģѹЩеڹƳĽҩҲ׸εİ취ЩҩܴģóĻôҲں̶ܴϼЩƵĵӵʹ࣬δһӵİ취
˽ҩͻسο
ǿеĻǱ㿪ʼˡ
֪ոһֱ飬û˵ĻһظЩʱ򣬲ȴǻɢŹ𣿡
õ˽ҩˣ
ãͰ˵İɣϣа취ЩƳ棬ùƻս
Լ飬ƣҲһ֮ǰįͻȻֱ˴ǰǸֻõС̫ˣ
۶Цݡ
۱һӦЦˣĴǺЦݳĿ⿴Ų롣

ڡ
Դڵʵɹֻ֮˱ֱʼѹƹƳҩЩйƳĵǷá
ǸϼҼҲֵ˽ҩ
ƴǵͳĿ⣬һı΢΢ţۿϼҼ
Ȼƴһ仰û˵ĪѹȴǽϼҼЩ
ϣ֮ǰϷĲԣ˲еͷڸͳѣǰӣԵ±ԹľϷҪǽϷˡ
Ը⻯ɸΪ񲯣Ժϱʲô飬ֻϼҷԸϼҾǸҲһǵġ
ϼҼϱ֣أ˵⻰ʱڿЦֻ˵ѡ
ѵõġ
ϼҼȻо˵һ
ǽƴǺֻʡĲ١
Ҿٺòˡ
ϼҼϼҵӶֻͶ֮ǻǱĵġ
ʱеûϢΪ˻ȥԼĹ涼Ҫôľ͵ͷˣΪˣ
û뵽⻰Լʱȴ̲סѿڶ
ɣϼҼûеϡ
ܳΪϼҵļȻⱲȨˡ
ڼеͷͷֻˮһգԲԼҲҪ档
ڵϼҼƺͨһЩ飬Ҳǰǰִš
бܳΪ˳ĻϸҪ飬Ǿһֱԣȴһֱߵ
ϼҼڵֻϣϵͷʱﻹδ뿪߽ĵǸ
ȻϼҼŻģһӶʹ൱У޷԰Ρ
ϼҼͶƴûлشȻڴϼҼ˼ϾϼҼ򽻵Ҳ֮ˣϼҼֵַ棬ʵƴǲ׵
ǻɹ黳ɣƴȴǲ̫ܽѿ
ȻǱԵǳû֮ˣ
Ȼס˵ôƴҲܰˡ
㲻ˣأ
ôӴڳõؽǽҲһ׵飬ڵĹƳѾ⿪ǿнǲǽ⿪ƳĶȫȻԺ󣬷˳
ǳԵıǳҲ˷ܺʳ
òʧ
ǷŻȥõİ취ڻвڣϼҼ治ȴҪװԼŵģ
ϷˡϼҼҲҵŷȥֻɫȻĳƴǹ˹ֱָ֣һϼҵӡ
߰ɡ
ǣ
ϼҵЩĻĴӵ˳ȥϼҼĿȴ˸ţѰŽǰȺС
ϧϼҼôȴʼնûͱȺпӰҲ֪ʲôط
һһӳص֮󣬻ûл»δ֪ģϼҼѾô꣬ô£ȴʧȥԼӦںˡ
 һͷһֱڸԼ
ҪһΣԼĻܾܿԶ
ûлгҲ׵Ļص֮С
һҪץסᣡ

1591¼

ϼҼϵֻվŵķǻȷûзӰ֮Щϼҵĵȥ
ϼҼȴδŴеϼҵӳǣڳı߾Ϣ
Ǹոշ˽ҩ⿪˹Ƴ棬ȴǵڣ
¸·Ļ֪᲻ʲôķӦϢڵƳ׵ų֮и·ɣ
ϼҼԴǵĿڡ
ҲЩŵӵˡ
Ҳڵбص̫ˣͻȻؼգֻ֫ЩˣϢʱȻǺõġ
ǴʱѾ˳ĵؾƴǺֻԾţˡ
ЩϼҵĵҲûʲôĵطˡ
ǣл£
ЩŵĵӺܿıڿջ˽ţϼҼǱ뵽֮Ѱڡ
£ôطܹôˣڳĻǲڻʹֻߣôʣµľֻһȥˣֻ׵סլ
ϼҼڳϢ㳩ͨȷĲ֮ϼҼѸٵؼӿŲǰȥѰˡ
ʱϸķ䡣
ô
ˣ
ϸմŵˮĿִȰĿϸꡣ
ϸ˳ĵ˵ͷţöˡ
á
ϸЩߵĿֱչ˵ĸоͺĸһ㡣
ϸ棬ѾЩʼԼĸ׵ˡ
Ͼ
ĸ뿪ʱʵ̫СˣԼĸ׵ӡѾǺˣҪǵ˵ĸ׵òͽԼƣϸ涼Ҫﳤʲôӡ
ͻȻԼߣԼôУҲϸ¸ܵǷȱʧĸ
ɵӡ
ﲻĽ̲ҩŵ£ ķϸС顣
һȦ֮󣬽üͷɿˡ
ˣЩ̥λ˹ˡ
ͼ򵥶ˣֻҪܺú壬ǿ׳Ļһ¸װֵĴСӣ̲סȤ
Ⱦֻ˵ϸû뵽ֵʱȴҪеĸ⣬ΪϸӣԺܶҩżɻģﶯҽҲ಻㡣
󣬻ҩʳϸŽϸӽתټÿרҵַĺӵ̥λҲ˹

㽫ﲻϸߵʱϸҲƽˡ
һ˫ٵĿ£żֵįϧϸȴҲֻǱĶɢĸ׵ʹȰĹΣûע⵽ı仯
ǰҪˣĸӵҪˡ
ϸʹĿ⣬Ϲŵ΢ЦĶŸеĺӿڣúӣʱ򣬿һҪТ˳֪𣿡
ĺúӣ
ﱻϸģЦˣȻ˵ϵЦݱ̳ԺʱĿҲű
Ժ
İ˴Ժ棡
Ҫʲô
ﲻɫİϸ꣺ϸ꣬ոշҩţȺúõϢһ°ɣȥⶫʰʰȻڸ׼ţ
ϸ·ʵǴˣټ彿ȷ𲻵ãô֮ϸ겢ûоܾĵ˵ͷ
ϸѾˡ
֮ãͽ￴ԼĸףŽԼ֪źһТ˳ҲֻдԼΣȻչԼˣ
ã
ϸ˯һˣ
˵ãôһ˵֮ϸ굹ǵһϮǿȵ۾ˡ
ŴϺܿľͱƽϸ꣬ųɫĽһԵҩŵ˳š
Ȼ
˷ŵһ˲䣬ȴûֱӽҩͻصǷ£Ӱǽý˳ԺԴ׷˹ȥ
ˢˢˢ
Ӱ׷һ㣬ּҵԺ治ԶϻȻ
ڿ˵òʱŵ˲Ŀ⣬ԡ
Ӧ˵ǡ
Ǿȣ
Ϊ
ǸͻȻּԺĲ֮ͣǱˣǡ
ϼҼ
˻
ʲô
Ҫּҵ˭𣿣
ʲôı
ɴ˫ЩûзӦĿϼҼ

1592 ұͻ

ͬʱϼҼ񼸺Ҳڿͬ𾪣ʱϼҼУҪǸпΡ
ûҵ֮ǰϼҼǧҪ˵ġ
ļʱԼ׼ЩȴͻȻһ˲Ͳ֪ôˡ
ϼҼôĿҲôĿϼҼ

ȷӦĮĿڣ㣿
ʲô
֮ǰϼҵʱȻϻǿվ涼֪ģ֮ôһԶҲ޷Խĺ蹵
ڡ
ϼҼôɥ飬ֲ֮ڡ
ҲüĽ
ϼҼŪ絶ʡ
֪òȴ̬ȣã֪ԼڼﵱԼĮʱϼҼǾޱȵܡ
ǰ￴ԼҲǻЦġ
֪ʲôʱʼＴǿԼЦԼҲ׵Цˡ
һУԼΪģ
ϼҵĵϵĹƳ涼Ѿ⿪ˡϼҼԵĿԼĸ飬ѡĻΪڣں˵
֪شĺǸɴ䣺ȻѾ⿪ˣôĻȥŹӰɣ
Ҫˣ粻ʺǣ
أϼҼѯʣǾҪȥˣϼҵĵѾڱ߾Ŀջţأ
㲻ǻȥ𣿡
һ仰ǽ⧲㣬ﻺڣˣһҪȥ
ƣԺ󶼲ȥ˰ɣ
ǰ֪пܻϵģ֪滹ôһ˫ŮڣϸǻΣա
ǵǣ
ڡպεĴ㻹֪룬ʱʱ˵ʲôٻȥŵġ
ûʲô飬Ǳ·ɣ
ּҲĵطּԺˣʲô⣬ҲŹģ
ü΢΢šţһ˫ˮĿģϼҼҲĪ䡣
£ƴȥּңľˣһҪϸ굣ľͲˡ
û뵽ʱϼҼûзŭҲûе뿪ƵǰЩʵĿڡ
СȻǶ书ģϼҼĿǸӡ
֮ǰߵʱ˵Լ֪飬ǸʱϼҼǻǶ书ģϧô̽ȴûн书Ƴ
񡭡
׷Լʱ򣬱ǽϼҼ澪֣
ڣ
⻹ǵһΡ
ϼҼļɫ
ϸӽĺܣòôҩô˼ŽӸˡ
˵ʲôˣ
ϼҼҲУ
ߣһҪ飡
ǾǣǰϼҼ֪ԼǶ书ģϼҺԺǶʱ䣬Ҳһֱαװ
һˡ
Ϊǰּҵˣ˶Լ书Ҳûо˼ɻ䣬ȻϼҼˣǱ㿴˰ɣ
αװҲʵ鷳
书˺Ͳ乤 ʵ̫ˣ
Ҫʱ̾ԼṦܲǰ©ڶ
ԡ
书
Һͽһ˫ӣΪνͿԻ书ȴԣ
룬һɫȻϼҼ㿪ѯʵʱ򣬾ȻסŲ ż
Ҳ书ô֪Ҫӻ飬ȴķ
ʵ˵Ҫ֣δҵĶأ
ǸǹһĨɬЦݣأô
뽫ߣǽȻĥң
ʱȷ̥ﲻ㣬һ뻯ҽȻܽԵȻҽβԼϵĲ֢
ֻʱҽ֮ﲢûиˣĽˣ
길ĸҴСӲãԱյʱľ贫ңĶŹ
Ҫ𣿡Ŀ΢΢Щʪ󣬷벻֪ʲôʱУʱƴľĿϼҼ
ȴǽϼҼ˲ľ
ʯ֮䣬һҪһĿԣСһʼǶ书ģֻһֱûչֳˣ
ϼҼΪ
ϵ书ôϼҺԺʱѧģ

1593㣨1

ΪЩ飬ΪһĿģ
ǾΪҪ뿪Լ
ϼҼ֪ԼЩǶ˵ܲƽģԼҲӦеġ
ôԼô˺ѷεȥĥȥԼĻӦֻǵˮǧŭȴֻǴ޻һģûκεĸо
ͬʱ˹͵͵ϰ书
Լ书ŽԼԵʱ˵ͱǮʱܹ뿪ԼȥѰҸˣ
ڣϼҼȴͻȻԼôӡ񲢲ȷģ
Ӧô˵Ϊ׼ȷ˵ϼҼôû˽
֪ϲʲô֪ʲôԭ书飬Ҳ֪
أϼҼֻĿҪѡɤһ㣬ҲǺʹǰŽȻͬĵط
ϼҼЩԼеļС񣬵ɽɽǸˡ
סڣ
ϼҼ̽ŵʳ˿ڣϧû뵽仰ոտڻû˵ʱ򣬱ͻȻˡ
ʲôʸȥ飿
ͻȻڡ
⧲ĽϼҼҪ˵Ļ˻ȥϼҼһ
ȻǡǡΪͻȻϣŽϼҼ²Ǹͷ׵ı˿϶
ϼҼԽļˣٿǰ˫ԼģǿԼӣ㣡
С㣡
ɽҵ㣡
Ҿ֪㣡
ԭ㣡
ϼҼʮֿ϶ǿץ˵ʲôҲϷſ
ǲ룬ɫȴǲѿǲϼҼ˵ҲҪ˦ϼҼ֡
֣
ܵ˭鶼Ѿȥôˣѵ˭Ҫ𣿡
ҷſ
֣е⣬ǿеҪϼҼ˫ѿ
ǲϼҼȴͻȻúִᣬ˵ҲÿЦǷᣬĻϲļ޸ϼҼʱҲ
ϧ
ϼҼʼնûи￪ڵĻᡣ
ףϼҼΪʲôͻȻЩ⣬ΪʲôͻȻִڶǰɽֵ˾Լǽ㡣
һ׵ʱ򣬹ϵ׺ϼҼûһ
Ȼ̥ΪҽУҲһջָýʣ֮ǰչϾʱɽժҩġ
һգãƵᣬԼҲҪȥ翴һʵĿ
ȻմڷУǻƵġ
ԣܾæͬĺ⣬Լһ˱ҩ¨ͳͷ㾶ɽ
ѾεĴĿ˵ɽ̴дУɽľ֦ҶïҾ벻ԶԼڲУȴҲϰ书ժҩĵǲѡ
Ȼһ˺˳Ҫҩĺܿıɽҵˣʱǿŵҩ¨תۼѾ
룬ҩժòʱȥȴͻȻӭɽϼҼ
ʱϼҼɬǺߵĲȥֱӣȴǲ֪ȻϼҼͻȻǰץ֡
մ㿪ھܾϼҼǲϼҼľˣ￪˵Ļᡣ
ԭɽϣҺңмʵܾˣһֱҪ˵
ܹĺҵ⣬㲻Ҫܾҡ
ҡ
ϼҼȥһ㣬ĬƬ֮㽫ԼѹõĻ˵ڣȢ㡣
꼰֮ұ׿ڣӭȢţòã
ϼҼǺһԵ˵ԼҪ˵Ļ֮󣬱εĿһúõչ㣬һӶã֮⣬ϲϱŮ˵ģ
ϼҼ޴⡣
ɬ˴֮仹Ը¶ϼҼֵʱ򣬲û˵֡
ֳú˸޷׷ֱʵʵĴڷУȻ
һ
ԣϼҼĸ֮Щ£ǾñϼҼŵֺ顣
Ȼδ￪˵ʱֻϼҼͻȻһ߳ϼҼϮ
ǸʱϼҼ书ߣ𶼴򲻹ǵĶ֡

1594㣨2

ϼҼҲûע⵽ԼΣգﵱϣ̧ŵĳͷ˲䳯ϼҼߵͷ­Ͽȥ
˹ģǶȻ书ģֻӡǰģĪ˵˹ϵɱһߣ̧ͷûаɡ
ԲʱϼҼӿ϶ǰ˾Ҫҵ
ϼҼע֮£վǽߵĵͷϸõ˵á
δ￪˵ĻϼҼָ˵ĺɵһɽ³ȥԼ֮Цŵ˵̫ˣ
СӦ޸ˣ
Ҿ֪СϲҵģСӦ޸ˣ
ϧʱϼҼٶȼ죬仰Ĺ򣬱ܵɽԶôûϼҼ˵˭С¹ײһ
Ůˣûгȥ磬ǰףĪľϲһˡ
ϼҼûϴˣڱ׵ʱϼҼҲֻźøУǽϼҼһֱչԼĴһǣϼҼײĶ˰֮󡭡
һЩ㺱ȻĴı䡣
ǰеĺøҲǳ׵ıϲ
ڡ
˵ϼҼҪȢʱ𾪣ա
ϧǻ򣬲֪ô˵ֻ ίұԼϼҼϲ
Һá
ҺýǲϲϼҼģţҽҲǲϲϼҼģҲûа취һģʱͻǿԼ޸ϼҼˡ
ַ顣
ȥѰ氮Լȴ˻޸ϼҼ
ڴ֮գĻϲҪϼҼҿͷʱʵһֱϲˣԼϲϼҼġ
ҵɽҲϼҼӦԼҪӭȢԼģΪʲôҪı䣿
ϧ
ֻҪ֮յʱĳǾò
ϧϼҼûиԼ⿪ڵĻᣬǿеİз˵裬屾ϼҼһڣЩû˰
ϼҼľƻǴĻ룬ԭ
ɽϵʱϼҼ֮˵ҪȢԼһΪԼΪˡ
ҪȢˣʼնǽ㣬ʱԼǸЦ
ܾϼҼǷֻ꣬Լˡ
ԣϼҼԼĥѡտڲ̸ʻȥϼҼĥţҲٶϼҼ
˵䡣
ֱģһδʧ䣬ϼҼԼĥȥԡ
Ҫ滹ϼҼûаˣԼҲ˵ɣ
ʱ𣬶˵еֻޱ޾ʹ
ԭ»֮ҹŮ˵õ飬ÿõĻ䡣
Ƕ˵ȴجһĵ
ЩʱϼҼΪҲ䣬ÿϻؼҵʱ򶼻ȵأֱִشķ䣬޼ɵĥ
Ǹʱ´ʱ嶼ǲģЩ߲·
ܾúܾõʱֻҪһ֮£̲ס˸
ǺϼҼܾöȥķУŽĴӰ߳ܿϼҼʼձ侲ѾԼĳͷˣϼҼǰѯԵ飬׵Ĺ
ȥԼǰĳ飬ָоǽкò׽˰°ǿ
Щòϵ˿ٶѣѪΡ
ֱ̧俪ϼҼԼ֡
ǰҲ׷ˣȻѾȥǶԺɣϾǼ㣬ҶԣŴܽеĹϣ
ԺҶٺ飡
Ŀ䣬촽֮ҲϼҼ׶ġ
˵Ļûд
ϼҼ˵Ϊϴ˲Żᣬæӻ飬ף֪Լϲ𣬻ĺԼԡ
յֳԺȥĥҲ֮еġ
˵ĥҲΪûвϼҼ⣬һǻĶô˵ط

1595㣨3

Ūľ棬ӦöϼҼϣҲеεģ˲С˺ϼҼͬܡ
ﲻϼҼû޹
ڣﻹҪҪҲȥǰ飬ϼҼڶĻôͲҪﲻˡ
顣
̧֮䣬ѾϼҼǰǿԼָȥŲûгɵسȥ
ﾯĿϼҼּҵԺȥ
һΣϼҼûٶǰǷɡ
Ѿ֪Ҫ֪飬µģҪϼҼԼԺξֲǰԼĿǷˣ
뿪ļıӰ
ϼҼͻȻһ㣬ĨıӰڣС˵֪ˣҪ᲻лᣡ
ϼҼͳĪЩѹ֡
ԭȥıӰϼҼ仰֮ȴٿضס˽Ų
ȻûлͷϼҼ֪һԼ˵Ǿ仰Ҳ档
ϼҼĺɤһ㣬ǶסӰڽԼʱ򣬶ûй˽ŵʱ򡭡
ϧ
ıӰֻͣƬ̣ͷҲص߿ˣûлشϼҼĻ
ϼҼ˲įȻ
ֻ䣬ϼҼٶȱüǿѾʲôһ㣬ϼҼӰҲǳ׵Ĵԭʧ
߾ôϼҵĵڵȴԼá
ϼҼ˴Ҳã˴˵ͻȻֻôǰԼ龿ǶôĿЦ

á
Ļ
沢ûбˣԼҲǶִţá
лȥһеȥĸ֮ȥǰĴֲ

ŲҴҵĻԼԺӡ
Ժ˶ûбԵһЩƣĻصԼķУʱֻúۡ
ò˵
ϼҼͻȻ֣жԼ˵ һȻûʲô仯ģȫȻںһ㡣
ʵϣڿϼҼһ˲䣬ıҪ˵ϼҼ˵һ
㵱ƲסԼֻƬ̵Ĺϱ졣
Ȼ
ɾȥϢһµʱȴͻȻԼķ澹Ȼ˵ĳֵģ
˭
ﵱǷе֮ȴǻЦ˳
Ǻǡ
ŲյĹ򲻼ǳ׵ҵĴ𣿡
ǡ
갡
ӻתģǷǷ⣬ƫƫһŴݰ׵ϣˡ
㣡
ȣ⾪ȵĻʳ֮󣬷Ϥ
Ȼʶǰӵģ
Ȼ˵Ļˣ
ǡ
Զţʲôʱʶˣ
ȻˣȻ㻹Ҫ˭ĸ֮̾򴽵͵͵Ц˳һ˫
ǲڵ̫ˣ㶼ҪԼʲôʲôˣ
ǲ㣬Ժ˰ɣ
ȻЦŵģ˫ĿȴǱ޷µĺ⡣
룬˳вʱȴûа㾪ŵģֻͬĿڣҪʲô飬ֻҵķִʹ㣬ֲָֻţ
Ӳ̬ȣֱӽǰӵвԺˡ
̬ȵʱɫʱҲ֮ǰЦЦǵͳŭ⡣
ӣǲĽˣ
Ŀ˸ź⡣
ȴǲʾұһƽĽףҰ£ѾӦˣȴϸҽĵص㣬˾ҡ
ָʹ
Σ
ҲǷŭ⣺Ҽҽ㣬㲻ҪҰ֣Ǹҳ ƴҵһҲȻù
ȻǾԣ
ǵǾȻӵвʱ򲻵ûаųֱ˵ĽӵĻ˻ȥ
ΪĻشӦǷŭģɲ룬̬ԽǿƣǸ˵̬ȱԽºͣ
ǣͷǻôߣ

1596²

Ǻǡ
ͳЦ
Ȼһ
˾ķǡ
ϲͱ˲ͬ
˳²֪ҪʲôĹҪܵǱ
ŭѹ
дǣĺܼ
ôƢ󣿡
ҲǺ㿪˸Цұ㲻ˣ˶ŭأ
ϾǶ˲ǣ
˵̬̱úתǰʾԼǰ
Ȥ䣬㿴㣬α˵棡
ﲢδˣĿ⾯ؿˡ
ȻֻǽӴ˼Σÿһ˶Ųͬһ棬ЦݺƱĵģԼһŵĻôδҲ̫ƭˡ
˷ȷ黹죬ܵʲôʱﶼ
Ǿ仰㲻ҿ㣬֪ҽʲôط˵ʲôµģҪĶҸܰҵ
˵ʱĿ̲סҪѰҵĶʱʶıܿ
ĶʮСǻǱ˸ˣϵһĨЦ⣬ĿҲǸӵĶ˼¡
ôѵѾҵ𣿿ҡ
һΣ˲ȥˣ˲㵽ԣĿ⾼
ûҵ
ܿƵĿ⣬ǿѹԼҲûĻش
ǿԼûиʵǿȴԾɲŵġ
Ϲ˵˵ͻȻҲǶ˼ȡ
ѽʲôãôһ㡣
˵ѡ
Ҫ˵ѵʱԼƭȥ
϶üۼĿ͸©һݲɡ
һѾҵҪҵĶǲǣ
С񣡿ңˣòã
ٶȿڣʱ򣬵ʱЩ
Ҫǲ˿ģǻΪ˺֮ŷǱѰء
ϧ
ϸĻܿ׵Ŀ޾ı䣬￴ҲǾĮ
̬ȸǼ
ûҵûҵôʶûҵ
ңҵˣûмҽ֮ǰҸͲ㣬ٴ㣬ҵѰҵκεĺô
£²ߵſڣֽ̧Ŵ򿪣
˿˼ɫѿ

ô󣬻뱲ӣû˸Լǰ˵֣
ӰΪٶȿڡ
ҪôҽĶҪôûп̸أҲٺ˷ʱ䡣
ϵıǲɡ
˻ϵЦݣۿУȻ㲻ϸңֻԼˣֻǵҵʱͲҪҶ㲻ˡ
Ҳ²£ǶҵĻҲߵĲԶЩ˵ϣ˭أ


ЦŰſ񣬿ǰһ뻹ڴЦһߡ
ߣ
Ŀ˦һ뿪
ֱ˳׵ʧ֮ڣĿŸұֳ
֮Ǵ졣
Ժвɵ˵һμʱ
ʱһϼҺԺʵʵĴţҿʼ
Լѡ񵽵ǶԻǴǲǲӦðߣ
ڽ䲻
رҪͽžҲǲܵģ˲޹ʵˡ
ȴǳſصӲעʱͻȻԼǰ
˻
ʲôطǵҪŻˮʱһҪװԼˣȴö֮ſصĵһ㣬ֱ˵Ľţ׼ȷҵԼǰÿһж˵˵ʵмɵ
ʲôû˵ʲôûֻǻ֣һǰ˲ɫ
ǸĶĽƽϲһԶ
ǶǸ׺ĸڽ㼰ŵʱ͸ġ
˵Ҫ飬ǾԲὫǶԶ׵ժġ
û뵽ǶԶȴǸİС
Ȼ֮䲻һǺǸŲɸ˵ܺ͹ϵ

㲢Լ֣ʲôѵĿԣűסԼɣ޷

1597¹

Ҫ˿дϢ˵ǸɴֱӽǰҿֱԲ˵Լ⡣
æ
Ϊͻｫ֮㾿ʲôط
ô꣬Ǹ˲ٵĽϧȴٳٶûиڡ
˼涼ûйˡ
̫ĿҲһ̣һΣҪʲôвҲ˵ʲôˣ
ףҪҵ˻󼺡
㣬Ըôô룬Ըôô
޹أңԺ󶼲Ҫҵǰһ˫ٵĿ䣬˵ʱģҲ֪һΣûôõ̬ܺվúõ˵
˵ݣں򽻵ôЩ꣬ҲԵĵȻûȷĴ𰸣ԼҲ²ġ
֡
޷ҲǺҵйϵ
ҵҰģ˾֮ģ·˽֪ˣ
ˣڻŵվԼǰвԼ͵͵ı°ˣ
ҪﻹſǸԼĵطⱲӶûʲôϣˡ
ֻҪｫ˵ţҪ֪ºߵģˣ
ߡ
ƾ书ǵ˴˭˭Ӯδ֪顣
ﲻ£
žΪĸǿĵɣ˻ӵϸߣ˵ʲôҪŬȥϸ꣡
˳ţϵı˲żҧгݵģ
ˣ
ʶ̧٣ԴвǸ˵ɫѿ
ԡ
ӦЩ߳ŭģΪ˶ã
Һĸᣬȴϧ
㲻곤Ҽ𣡡
ҾͲţӮˣ
ֵ뿪

ʹ
ֻĿЩһöССҩָǲѿĲ
ƴǣһŽҩˣ
ҹɫڣ޹΢λεĹâֻϣǾɫƽ˼ֹΣۼ
ֻҧŽεĺ촽ԥĿ⿴ƴǣƴǣս׵ҽأȷɹҽκйƵڵĹƳ棬Žҩһˡ
ƴǵڡ
ҲŹƵġ
æ飬Ҳʱ˼ƴǵˡ
ֻֻԥ֪ƴڵĹƳڵĹƳǲһģƴڿ״̬ͦõģҪײô˽ҩڵĹƳ汬Ļ
ǲİʯͷԼĽš
òʧˣ
ֻҲžᡣ
һƴԶĽһʱİȣֻĲ֪ѡʲôˡ
ƴǣһǷ΢΢Цݣһ˫ڵ˫ڿֻʱҲĿᡣ
ƴƺǿֻŰƴСǾԥֻ˾
ƴǻֻ֣еĽҩ˹㲻ôš
һжģվӲ˵ĥ
ýҵΣû˭ǱҪΪ˭ȥģҲǣҲǣ
ֻʱů 
֪ƴڹİοԼҪԼ治ôܷ½ҩĺʲôģҪֻΪԼѹ
ƴǣ㡭
ֻһʱ֮Щʣƴǣôÿÿصֻ룬ǻֻһеĴ㡣
ҷðɣ
Լѡ񡣡ƴǵʹĿ⣬֮ ޾į
Ƴĥʱʵ̫ˣҵҲҪҸ ĵĶ׵Ĵժȥˣ
ƴǵĿƺЩԶ͸οյ񻨴̲סŨĺҹ
Դӹ֮ƴǵӿνÿһÿһ붼ʹ൱жȹġ
ϻ涼Ǳż尾
Уֻһ⡭
Ǿֻ
ֻͺһȵ⣬ƴɢеĺڰůƴǣҲƴʹ΢΢˵ϣҸ
ǡ
ƴǲ˵ûûҹıǶĹƳĥλûио
ƴǵȷǶãǶþĴͭǽڲʹ
ƴǵǺϸȥֻ̥飬ѡ
ӦǻҲʲô˼ɵİɣΪƳˡ
ǹƳӰ̥
ԻŻᱳԼ͵͵ıС

1598 û

һеһƴǵ涼ڣڵƴڿֻʱĿǸļᶨ
ңЩҩ֮ǰô˶ˣЧƴǿŵֻͻȻЦŵĴȤ
ôֵôùҩأ
ж൹ù
˵һеϣǻ˥ĲУ
ꡪ
ҡҷ
ֻ̧ͷƴǶģ·Ҳ˼
㰡㣬ʲôʱˣ㾹ȻôɵĺҿЦ
ˡ
ƴǵͳЩɳƣǽҩȥ֮󣬱ֻҲкЩӲ˰ɣ
£δֻӦƴǱֱӽֻᱧֱӵ˴֮ϡ

һҹΡ
ֻֻӺҪɢһ㡣
ϱƴڵĲᣬƴǺòƵġ
ϧԼͲˣҪʱƴģǽ춼ûˡ
ֻСĴƴǵ
ĽҩδЩעĳɷģʱֻһƴǼҪ ƴǰȻ£ǳ׵ķˡ
ƺǱߵ˵Ķˡ
ֻոմƴǵʱ򣬴Ĩݵݱ㻺۾
ƴĿڣֻʱ飬ǲֱֻӴһ˲佫ֻԼĻС
ֻ㣬ƴ˯ɨ
ֻȴֵĴƴǼȭͷƴǰ㣬
Ҳˣ
ŹҰɣ
ˣֻͰ͵ģǶĽԼڱ棬˵ʲôҲϳˡ
Ĳˣ
۵
Ǻǡ룬ƴȴͻȻЦ˳ֻģֻá
˺ˣҶģɣ
ƴĿǳ硣
ĻܺһһÿƴǴʱǻʶ̲סҪȡࡣ
Ҫ˵ˣ
ƴǵףҲǡǡˣֻŸҪСı
˷ֱʱ̫˰ɣϵʱƴǶЩ飬Ҳ֪û˵ֻ
޶ֵʱȴͻȻ˲ʵĽŲֻʱߺƴҲֹסеĶ
ʲô飿ƴǸո˯ѣϡ
ĲʵĿڣػϺͻʺĻˣ
˵ҪҪʺ
ԣֻ˲ӱϱصĿƴǣĿͬƴǶš
ƴҲšü
֪ˣȥɣ
͹
ǧǰЩӲŻģѾ㱨ŵ飬һаãۺǧİæ£ûöʱ㳹׵Ľ£Ҳǳŵ´
ʱǲ˹
һҪģ
ˣȥʲôֻϱأƴҲֻ֪н˵ͷ
á
ұʰһȥϳ
ܿ죬ֻʰһдӷгʱǰĵѾȵȺá
ֻǳ棬Ųɵһ
μʺ
ֻϣڲʵĲ֮»ףĿվŵŵĵӣİ
Ҳ֪ϲ»ǻ£
ŵĵӹĹֻǰ˹ֿ˵ʺŽҩСʺǰ
ҩƳŶīģҩǿѹЩйڵĹƳ档
ѹڵĹƳ棿
ֻǵӵĻ΢΢Щɣǻ˽ǽҩõԼС
ˣһպþͲȥűˣһͬɣ
Ѿƺ˽⿪ƳĽҩҪ˶ãŵϼҼһɵϼҵ»ȥţ
ڵĹƳ汾Ѿǽ⿪ˣ
ҲڵĵƳĥɣ
ҵѹƵĽҩѾˣҺãֻƴǵĶҪ죬ǰƳ˳׽⿪ƳĽҩ
ֻϴŵǳЦ
ŵĵֻĻҲŸ
𣿻ʺﾹȻѾҵ˽⿪ƳĽҩˣ
̫ˣ
ԭС˽ҩùʺǰʺܲƳǿʱĽ⿪ŵĹƳ֮أ
û뵽ʺʱѾҵ˽İ취
С˱ллʺˣ

1599·ֲ

ŵĵӻϲֻл
ֻϹȻǳЦ˰֣ؿ
ⱾΪһӦ飬ļңЩæȻҪġ
˵Ĺ򣬲Ѿȥ˺ȡֻʣµЩҩýǰŵĵС
ҩܲҪˡ
ֻݸѾҵ˳׽⿪ƳĽҩôѹƹƳĽҩҲûôˡ
ǣǣǣʺ˵ǡ
ŵĵӵͷͣȻȴֻ㽫ҩ½ŵӵʱɫͻȻ˱䡣
ֻϵЦʧüŽǽŵĵӺɻ
ôˣʺǳʲô𣿡
ǰһ뻹ڸ߸˵ĴԼҩһͿʼϱ㡣
ֻ򴽲ǽҩֽӴ̯飬ñᡣ
һϵеĶ䡣
ֻɫЩѿҿŵӵĿҲ֣ء
˵ŶīƵùĽҩҩڹƳֻѹԵãֻܱ֤Щǵڶݵʱ֮ڲٱƳֺǲܴӸϽƳ⿪𣿡
ֻ֣أһǸŵӣһʱ֮䵹ǽǸŵûܷӦЩ㶣ŵӱ֣صĿֻ˵ͷ
ǰʺҩ轻С˵ʱ򣬱ô˵ġ
С˻ǵú˵һ䣬Ҳ׽⿪ƳĽҩЩѹԵҩҲã벻ЩڹƳ淢ʱ
ֻʱɫҰףʵ⣬ɻһԿֻ仯ģʵôˣ
ʺǳʲô𣿡ֻ˵ͷĿصؿǰŵŵӣ˵ϢЩҪҪЩŵĽҩҲȲҪһظ
ǣ
ŵĵȻ֪׷ʲô飬ֻ֪ʲôҪ飬ǻǺĵ˵ͷڴڰŵˡ
ֻҲ˵ҴҵĴŲʵѸٵػصԼĹ
ʺﵽô£
ʵ״ɵøŽ
ֻ̬ȱ仯֮ӦʮأҲпôֻʧ̬
ȥ濴ţҪ˹
ֻҴҵĽôһ仰֮󣬱ֱӽԼ˷ڡ
ҩһԵıóֻüĽƽԼƵҩˮҽѧ΢ϸĹ۲죬ò˳ɷ֡
ડ
еҩ䡣
ֻãȻиǴżֻţ૳֪ΪʲôĸѾоҩȴûܰŹƳȥˡ
֪ˡ
ΪǸͲʲô⿪ƳҩǺöҩһģֻѹõĽҩˣ
ʱڵķãЧġ
õʱá
Ǿûʲôôˣ
ԳĽ׵ĸˡ
ʲôʵֻ㿪֮󣬲ɵõһ
Ȼǽ⿪ųǵĽҩѹԵҩ裡
˵˵ЩŵĵӣϿѾ⿪˹Ƴ棬ָ˳˵״̬ʵڹ˴컹ڣֻΪҩöûм
ʵ˲ֻĵ֮ˡ
ҩվҩѹԵĽҩҲֻʱĻһʱʹҩЧȥ֮ЩƳй˵ķ佫ǸʱûµĽҩЩŵĵҪ
һֱнҩãҩչ˾ͷʱһҩҲѹƲסڹƳʱôǲЩӵѡ
˵˵ţʵԽԽСҲԽԽꡣ
Ȼ
ôһϵУ
ֲֻôˣ
ֻΣǰգô֮ǰû뵽Ҫأ
Ҫǵо˽ҩĽ׵ĸҲȥˣ

ĸ
ʯ֮䣬ֻƺ˸Ҫ飬ǲ˵;ֱӳƴǵ鷿ȥ

ʺŵ㣬עԼ壡ʵֻ̲סֻġ
ôˣ
ƴںة鷿̸£ֻ˻Żŵĳ֣ƴʶüͷͳĿڡ
ֻǲ÷ִˣʱӦдŵĵӣððʧʧ˽ɫģǳ˴¡

1600¶

ƴϵı鲻ɵʲô˵
ةҲǱˡ
ֻԻһϢ㳯ƴǼĿڣһöӶīõĽҩ
ǽҩֻѹƹƳãƲֽīƵģƴǣǽҩͽҽص䷽һģһģ
ֻҲ֪ԼĻ˵岻
ƴĿˣǻˡ
ƴǸ˲ֻеĺ塣
ǿѹƹƳõĽҩʵ֣֮ҩЧȻǲдġ
Ľ׸ҽصǽҩֻﲢ֪ʲôЧֻǱķʽȥЩйƳĵӽơ
ЧңʶΪǱǽ⿪ƳĽҩ
ʵڼѹԵĽҩֻ֮ŻȻƳǽҩҲѹƵĹЧˣԿŵӲźǻָһ
Ļ
ֻеǰˣƴû£
ֻ̲ס´ƴǵ״ǰƴǵ
ѹԵĽҩ˵ȷǿõģҲȷǱôӲİŹƳĥҪõĶࡣ
Ƕƴ˵ȷŲһЧƴڵĹƳ汾˯״̬ûйȥ߶ĻһʱǹƳǲֵġ
ܵʲô˵Ĵ̼ŻᷢĥƴǣóȻķЩѹԵĽҩ
᲻ҲڱĴ߶ƴڹƳķⲻƴڵĹƳ棬ǰʯͷԼĽţòʧˣ
˻ţةҲ֪ԣæֻһԴƴһ
Ȼϳƴǵȴǳ
û£ϵƽȣʺǷǶأ
ة໺ؽƴǵַ£֣صĿֻ˵Լʡ
ֻҽҲǻطƴǵֱۣɵͬةֱӡ
û˯ѵҶˣ
ѵΪֻƴǵĲ֢̫ľԱ
ֻ˼ʱ
ƴһԹؼԵĿڣʱ̫˰ɣʲôʵĻһȲġ
Ϊ㡣Ҳ´Ƶʱͻġ
ƴǵ̬ȼֻɲģƴЦЦôˣǹɹƳ淢ʱҵȴΪġ
⵹ǡ
ƴ⵹˵ĺܶԣ
ֻةȷƴǵľ״̬󣬼ȷģŲò
ƴǣʲôĵطһҪʱĺ˵
нҵǸҲʱϰɣ
ָֻģ浱ɼƴǵöε׹
أ
һֱŲ
ֻÿһƴǶǲ䷳΢ЦͷֻֻЩ֡
Ǿ֣ȴôҲ˵
ֻƳһԵة࣬΢üͷҲȷ˵ʱ
Ȼƴû£ôةһ³æ֮к˵һĻɡ
ãةɡ
һ޹㡣
ֻͬƴǸǰڣŵĵڵԼȥأ
ڣȺõŵĵڼֻʱϲ
ʺҵʲôİ취ˣ
ǽҩ
ŵӵĿɵĿֻмֹģ
ֻ֪ʲôǰƳĽҩɱ͵ǸŵӵС
ȥǵ˵ЩѹԵĽҩӦһ£ֻҩƵʱҪҩޣز˷ѣ
ֻĶֱĽԼóĽҩΪֻѹԵĽҩ
УҪż
һᾡЩҩù֮ƳµĽҩ͹ȥġ
ڣֻҲʮƶõҩˣֻܽϣԼҩռŵɽ
ЩҪ֮ǰµһɽܳĻʱ䵹Ҳ¡
ãллʺ
ŵĵǧлĴŽҩ뿪ˡ
ֻϵȴǲδı䣬ʵͲ״ɵǰʺ
ǲǾֻܽϣˣ
ֻĬûлش𣬿˶֪£ӵܵˡ

޹ڡ
ɫڹСµʱ䣬С΢΢˼̬Ҳźתˡ
ȻϻǺĵףûбҪΪ˹⺦ˮĴӽ

1601

Ƴ淢ҲȷǿƲסġ
ֻǡ
˽Ļϣܳ׵׿˶ĵĹƳ治ȥ
һɫȹϴ񾲵Цݣģˡ
ɻչֻǲ֮ǰˮǰ㣬ǵ潫һ㣬еֻǹ;нκȴҲִ֡
ܺζԼԶԼԺĵ̬ȴɡ
ÿμĵʱǸ顣
ҽյǲֳ˼֣
˵һ飬ҲйӣֻǸʱһСҲЩĸ׵飬ԸеĺҲֻǿҵõĹߡ
ڣҵĸлĺӣȴҴĵҸ
˵ʱ̲סֵԼСĸҲɢĸ׵ĴȰ
ģҪҪҲҲһҸеĺӣ
վһԵĺʶüż£δͣͲ̥
ȻĵĻδ˵꣬ͻȻͼ
Щ캣ĵһʼղϺ˵ںˡ
ԼȻûסĺڨˡ
һʱ֮亣ĵɫãЩӡ
źĵģȴһЦ˳
ҽͨ
йعļصƤҲҽʱΪ˺ӣֱסɣٶˡ
ǡ
Ͼʱȴǿѧϰҽġ
㲻Ϊ˽ˣΪ˱еĺҲǿԵġ
Ȼ֪ڵĺӻδͣҪһЩ·ݲܸ̥ܵ
ֻҪͺ˵ˣ
ġ
ĵ˺ĵǰǵźĵ֣֪ˣԺ㱣֤Բûаյ飡
ΪѰҵʵѪԵȥιƳĴɱ
ǲңҲҪҸеĺӣҪƵģ
Ļ˵ĺ΢Ǻȴġ
ô˼õָĴۣǲܲȥϰģܻ׵Ľֻ
ı֤պǵƣҲȥˣɱ
ѧϰᱣԼԼںˣǻΪĿȥбҪĶһЩ˶֡
Ѿ޶ȵĵˡ
ҲǰǶԼ벻ĺģҪǻˣŲִֵģһٶĿԭ¡
ֱһѶҩһֻƳĸֱӶˡ
Ļôķϻ

ĿֿĿվǲŵ̾һС㣬˸־ūס
Ĵ㣬ū֪ūûʸȥ棬ӦūȻƴūˡ
ֻūҲǸ̵߲ʱ棬ЩȻ֪˵ȴҲҪȰȰһ
ĴｫǼƵĻū澣ｫеĺӽūҲҪǺӵǰ
ĺӴС͸ѧĺ
һ˵Ӱʵ̫Ҫˡ
һĳٻٴˣߵ˶Ǻ˵ĻôĳˣҲὥòĶ֡
ߵ˶ǻ˵ĻҲվһ챻Ʒ裬ѧ
룬ĺӳ꣬ѾǷǷԼж֮ٸйع飬Լľϣ𣿡
ȻһˣԼѡ񣬺ĸ治ˡ
ǺǴĵҪеĺƽƽĳ
һ˶עģѡȴǿԼġ
ѡ˼ˣǺȴʵڲĿĺҲصޡ
룬˺ĵĻ֮һ˫ڵӾȻ˲ˮźĵʱҲǴ˼ָжġ
ģô˵֪ǴĵҺõģǶҵĺӺõģ
Ըģ
ô᲻Ըأ
Щɳƣƺû뵽ľȻʱ򻹻ôģԼ룬ĸжҲ
˵ʵҲ֪Լܲܳɹ
ɹ˻ãɹеĺƱҪ¹µһ˻ȥˡ
ûĸ׵ıӻӻô࣬ԼǸӡ
ˡ
˺ĵ ǾʹţǰеĺҲƽƽĳ󣬺ĵǻúõչġ
Ͱ˵֮㽻ţҾԲǰĶԼѡ񣡡
ˣıֻεĵͷˡ

1602Ϸ

϶ĳŵҲȷúһ
롣
ʱǰȫģʣµģȥˡ
ֻǸݱ΢СŮˣԭΪԼ͵͵Ļصȥ̷ĸ˫ףû뵽Ӳ˱ץعˡ
ƴǺֻûд˽ӵѾˡ
ʣµ麣Ҳû˼ȥܣܲˡ
ݱ΢۽ֻͣһЩܼķ֮ˡ
˺ˣıҵˣ
˿ڣһźĵ䣺֪ˡ
Ҳˡ
лᣬұԻȥˮ壬Щ޹Ĵ˵ǸҸ㹻ԺúõİвУ
ȻȻ̥ʱоֻҪ˵Ķȥģ
òã
˵ģȴǿЦãС㣬ūʵʱ
ҪǿԺúûţʲôӵһеĻôû˻ԸԼԼ
ȷſɺ޵ĵطǿɱ
˲õĿɱ
ġ
ͻȻ֮įǽͷںĵļϣҾ֪һҵģ
ҲֻԸ˵ҽˡ
һΣʱ򣬺ûǻļ֧֡
ûϵģС㡣
һеĿѶȥġ
С㶼õҪõһУūŲԶ֮Сܺĺһֵͬˡ
ůĵİοϻ¶ȻЦݡ
˲һЦ⿪˴ǰеĸҡ
ʱ򣬹ҲͻȻ˽Ųüͷ
һƼֻصسԼǰϵıҲŷ˱仯
ʺʲôԸ
Ŀڣá
Ѿ˵ĺˣʺҪõôֻҪӦҪȻ˫ַϣǻʺ˵ʲô鶼ûأҲҪѴˡ
̬ȼǾԲõģ˾һô˶ΪԼᣬҲֵˡ
ԴֻƴǴ빬֮
˱һֱûҲûȥҵǣԽֻͻȻʶΪֻҪԼ̸ģûֻڣѾԼ̬ȡ
Ȼû뵽ǣһεֻģӦҪġ
ֻǾɫϱأü΢΢ĿĲ˵ֻҪҴӦԶټƴǣὫǹ齻ƴǣ˻ǵ棿
˻
ʲô
ֻͻȻ˵һ仰δͷشȴѾвʵͺһıɫ
ʺʲôʵǵǰҪֻǰֻɵ£
Ǻ򽻵Ҳһεˡ
ʲôˣǵ֪
£ֻ水ҪȥҲôʵʵĽɣ
˶֪Ʊڹƭֻģֻ水Ҫȥֻʧ ֲô죿
ʱֻǰװ׵ĺƴǷֱˣ
Ǹõˣֻǡ
ҪֻӦˣôһ
ʵʱɫҰףǲҪǻ֪˻ʺ֮󣬻һɫҪҲһɣ
ʲô飬ǻȻع˵ɣ
ʵŵĿ⿴ֻֻܴӦԼҪϽһȥҪٴﱻƻˡ
룬ֻѾһľȻܲʵȰ˵𾪣ֻվԭأĿĵĿ
ǻǲǡ
ֻ촽дЩǿơ

ĻֻҲǸ˼ֳ͵⡣
ϡ
ʺ⻰˼ͨ𣿡
ð
Ȼʺﶼ˵ʹ죬ʲôԥĵطأ
õȨЩǲֻĿע֮£ĵ˺ãüЦĿֻ
ֻҪʺӦⱲԶϣǳҲӦκûڵĹƳ棬Ŷˡ
Ҳ֪ʺ֪֪һֱŵĵĵܵܣʵиݣǱŵۣҲ˹ơ
ŻʺˬķϣҲԶĴӦʺæ۽⿪ϵĹƳ棬ô
ǹ˰ɣ
̲סȻǳЦǰƺܿƴǺֻ˺ѷεģ
ʹ찡
һֱŰҪܿ˷ֱƺҲһܴĳɾ͸С
ǹ
ˣֻӦƴǻβû˵׵Ľȥ
Ϸ

1603¸ʾ

Ȼֻ˵Ȧһ㣬ִֵֻؿͬȷϡ
ʲôʱ˾ŵԶ֣𣿡
⻰˼ǣֻ滹ûгþѾ˶ҡҺܿȥҪ
ڰʾԼͬĿԺܴ
Ȼֻûֱ˵ĴӦҪ󣬵ֻôŵݵǰĿ϶Ҳ鼫õġ
ǵĻʺģҪ󲻹ʲôʱ˵֮ǰĴӦֻǻʺҪŵġ
Ȼûи涨ʱ䣬ǻʺܲҪһֱȰɣ
ӣһĺ촽ЦĿֻٳٲֻǽϸʮģǲˡ
ʱ򲻵ǸԼ£ǳȫʺͻˡ
˿϶ĻشĿ
ҪԼҪĽֻشҲʹ䣺ǵȻֻҵ滹ЩǣûдɣҪһЩʱȥȻõȵġ
£ֱֻӴŲʵҴҵ뿪޹
ŶʵŽŵؿŻ̲סڱȰ˵ֻ
ʺǧҪ벻һףڻϵûʲôڻϵ߸ҪΪ˻ϵĹƳ棬ȥӦҪ뿪ϵĻǾϻҲ
ʱмǹű˴ˣȴһ⽫Ƕôźһ°
ʵؿֻһʺҽãгٴةЭλһССĹƳ涼ⲻ
黹ûľأò
飬Ҳǿģ
ֻһ˽þ
ȲҪ˵ƴڵĹƳ滹ûзǷˣýҩʱѹƣ
ܲĵɽˮĵزģ
ꡪ
룬ڲʵ֣£ֿĵȰֻʱֻȴһЦ˳
ʵĳɳˡ
?????ֻĿĿŲʵҲŲôɵأ
ȥһ˵㻰޳ס
ֻҪĻȷһЩҪ֪ˣ
ֻ˲۾˵ʱĿ⣬ڵֻѾʮȷ缸ûйƳĽҩˣĽ׵ĸһֻоѹƹƳĽҩֻҽѧţǸƴ
֮Ŵ֮ҽпɣΪռҩʹԽĺô
ҪҪֻͳĽ׵ĸȽϣ»кܶĶҪѧϰֻЩִҵ˽ķҲҪõʱˡ
ǣ¾иֳɵĻǰ
Ϊʲôã
ҪԼȥĽȥо˵ʲôʱǸʱˡ
ֻŽĿϣҪĻ
׻ʵŽɣϵȴδüȥ仯Щ䣬һʱ֮вʵûйԼ顣
ʺ˼ǡ
ڵʱ򣬾ͻҹŵ̬һǽģʶľĵɽˮҪæĵزˡ
ֻصЦЦĵͬʵţ֮һھᣬΪƴǵĸԸᡣ
ԽĿоԽ࣬Խʹ졣
ʱҲԽɾ裬˵©˵ߵʱ򣡣ֻϲԾһĨص΢Ц
ҲǸˣԴֻƴǵʱҲǴʮֵľʱСӦţСĵ׳
֪ĵϸ޷²йعصĶصʲôط޷ҵ
ֻǹ͡
һ͵ʱͻЩΡ
˶еëһֱѹŵˣҪǿˡ
ԭ
ʵֻĽ֮ͻȻûȻŵĿֻʺĴ
ū澸ոҪƭȥˣ
ūˣ
ʵ΢΢Щ¡
ոֻۿ΢죬ģڵʱģǺһģһ˵ġ
ֻ΢΢ЦЦڱܿʵĿʱȴ˸һĨζ
£ֻ߲ʵԼĴȷģҪǳٳٲҵǱص飬ƴڵĹƳַĻ
Ҳֻһѡˣ
ֻǡ
뷨ֻǾԶܸ߲ʵģƴ֪
ɵѾͷ
ֻɵݸϣһ˼УһߺͲʵԼĹһ߳˼˵ʱϵķӦ˵Щ

1604ƴ

˵ʲôʱı뷨ӦسŵȥκƴǺۣôҲ˵
ǼŹĶпǱֲ֮˷֡
ߣѾǼŹٵˣǼֻֿܣܽ˵ţֻĵĿڣ˵Ļȴǽвʵɵꡣ
ŲʵҲĪĽǻʺҪǵһַǻãֻҪʲôطܹϣҵġ
Ҫǵڶ־ˡ
ҪЩ棬Ը⣬ôǿȶûˣҲȥеĺ֣вˣ
ڵһ¿ˮ̵ӡ
ҪҵǾֱȡһʬ˵ãҲᷴˡ
Ҫйعļص飬ǾûţǴӦҪ
ɲ룬Բʵǵʱֻȴƶҡͷʵδ̫ˣ
临Ӹôܾڶ̶̵һµʱģ㲻
뵱ֻտʼѧϰҽʱ򣬹ҩĵģϰԣҽ˽һʱ䣬ǻִʱЩ¡
Űɣ
ҽ͹ֲּҡ
Ҫ׵չȻģ˵һʱȥм䣬̧ģͲһµʱ䡣
ǹļصĶһߣֻЯŵģŻ˵Ŀ϶ֻһ˫ӲɵĿ˸һǱųֽǹصĵطĿˣ
ԭˣ
ʵæĵͷһ汦ģĿֻ
ôЩ֮ǹõı£Ѿ׵Ͳ۷ˣ
ϣǾͺðĶˡ
˵ĹѾ»ص˵ڣ취֮佫ԼĹó
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Ȼ޵棬ƴǵ֥Ӱȴľ޵Ⱥˡ
յƴһɫĽۣƵӰ޳ͬһǷϿֻ顣
ˡ
ͳɳƵ⧲ֻͨͨЩ˼
ʵȥɣʲôʱٺ㣡
ֻæĶĲʵţҪòʵƴôɧһ棬ԺƴڴܵĵλҪŴĴۿˡ
ʵԣĵͷӦ£ڵʱֻʣֻƴˡ
ֻεЦЦ˳ߵƴǵһԣة̸𣿡
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ȥˣǴ㿴ܲҵЩġ
ƴͻȻ˺ֻ׽һʱֻ֮Ӳƴ˵ʱڶߵĺȡ
ֻЩӦŲӣȴƴǵϣƴǣ㵱û𣿡
¡
룬һΣƴֻѯʵʱȴûٷˣһ϶Լ
ôһ˵ҪȴǽֻŵòУæǰƴǵ
£
ʲô£
ҪҪ
ʲôʱԼģ
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Ǻ֮ȴЩ٣
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ҸոĲҪˣ
ֻƳνǰٰļɻ䣬ҹҹڵĺƳ᲻Ӱ쵽ƴǵ壬Ҫƴǵ
ƴǵá
ȻôҪԼЦ
֪֪ոһ˲ֻŵĿҪˣ
ֻΪż糺գƴǲɵĭֻҲǱã鶯

¡
ûƭ㡭ƴٶǿƵĽֻ˻Уֻǽεĺ촽Ʊȥ
ǣѰʱǰᣬһ̽ǰԵǿƣֻЩȣǺܿġ
ֻƴǵĻС
ʵ̫ϤˣϤ˱˴ֻһһ֪˴Ҫʲôģ֪˴˵ĸ˵ĵط

š
ЩϲĿǱŵĵһͬЩҩɵø˵Ŀڣǽ㣬ô
Ȼõҩ֮ǰѾƳôҩ𣿡
뽫ǽҩУϸĶ꣬ǲҲҩͷֱ治ֻʶķӦˣ
ǵСȥʱʺʲôûж˵ģֱӽЩҩݸСˣ
ʺﻹСתҪ̫ģŵҾ뵽İ취һµķ֣˹֪ͨģġ

1605·

ǰȥŵһֲĽֻߵʱ˵Ļת˲롣
ĵͷԤĻҪãΪֻƳҩҪһεʱģǵҩѾ׽⡣
ֻһ˳ôĽҩºˣʱڣŵЩӶΣˡ
µıҪֻרн⿪ƳĽҩֻԱ֮ǰʱҪܶġ
ԼҲǲŵģ֮ǰԼµĹǵһãܾܲƽ⿪ǹǵѵЧаŵЩƳĥҪԼֻͬŬˡ
ûʲôȥɣ˭Ƴ淢Ļֱңҷýҩ
ǡ
ŵĵӦ£ǽֻǵǵһСҩǰȥȥѰۡ
Ҳ֪ô¶Ÿոմһƾ״̬߳
طֵϲԼڷ䵱ˡ
ѲҲʲôĵ飬ҪԼһ˱չ˼
ȻѾõҩϢôҪ¶һͬ
˼ĹѾ۵ķ⡣
𣿡
ѾϢˣ˵飬ҽԭǻΪһѹԵĽҩýоҩ䷽ã
ǲǵĵȥ˳Ϧʱ򣬽Ѿо˽ҩһôҩ͸ǡ
¶ʱڱ㲻õˡ
˵Ĺ򣬲ҲѾ֨һƿš
ģ˵𣿡οڽۣȴûκεĻӦ
ͺûһ
֡
üͷɵţѵ۲𣿡
ȥ
һﻹôصа
ΪôľѾ۷˸ı䣬Ըǰôƫִû뵽
ǲˡ
ۣǸϲԣȴԼעʹǸСӡ
ڲ򿪷̽ſһ۵ڵʱȴͻȻַһֱֻ֣ӽԼ˷֮ڡ

鷢̫졣
뱻һгԼֻ֣ϵʱ򣬲뾪δĲŽ
Ĺ㾪һ亹
벻һԵۣôˣ
Ҳɣ
ôõʱ㶼˵ͻȻôһ²Ϊڵŷء
Һòûô죬ĻոѾֱӳֺ˴һˡ
ʱ򣬲˭˶δʹ顣
뿴ֵֵĿԼȴûаĲã˫аȵһЦŨŲҲûзſ
ǽֱӽԼĻУ֮ľ˲ߡ
ĪЩ졣
ͻȻоҪԼԵı
˻
̲סһɴ˫𾪵ĿۣȻǴЩŭģڸʲô
˲ɣ
ͻȻ׽ֻûӲҲǣҲǡ
۴ǰȷЩ뾭ѵ˲һģЩʱ򻹻۸
ǡ
ȴûй׽ʱ򡭡Ȼϲۡ
ǡ
˻δʽ⣬δʽȷݣô׽ܽܵġ
Ҫǣ
̧֮պö۵һ˫аȵһۣȴǿ˫һеĿĹ֮
ǡ
ģ
۲ǰƲסԼˣô㡣
ͻȻץ۵ӣƿҲ˻ص˰ȫĵط
üĽ˱ڰȵľ֮ڣۣ㵽ôˣ
Ǿ衣
ǲ룬ȴģû˺Ͳ뿪Ц£תһԵĴбţҪ㿪Цǽŵģ
һܶôɣ
ⲻǿʱ䶼ᣬҪ㿪Ц𣿣
ЦȻ΢΢ţɫǳ׵ĳ
˺ˣ͵ڸ˲ǣˣ
۵͵͵Цö鲻ģȴǺ
ЦδЩ̫ˡ
ǽ˾ù졣
ûȲ룬۱˽ٶ˵㷽˵Ϣˣ
Σ
ò˵۵תƣȷǺͼӰҲûм۾ȥĻش۵⡣
ǵȥҩ֮ǰѾǰƳ˽ҩˣǵûĽҩ٣ԳϺܾõһˡ
ͺá
Ҳһ
ͿܲоɱƳĽҩֻߡ

1606¹ǵѵ

Ŀ⣬ٿؽеĹǵ˳ǵĹһĨЦݣߣҪܲٽҩ֮ǰǵѵܸҵˣ
̲סǹǵָתת
ò˵
Ҫǲ֪ǵѵĿԵõĻǵȫǿԱ뵱һþɵƷ͡
ССĹǵѾ£·ֺ⣬£Ҳ֪ʲôϡ
ڲתйǵѵʱƺʲô˵һ
ɫֱӽǹǵѷжꡣ
ôˣ
ϵЦݣҲŻյ˲ԣĿǹǵ̵Ļ档
ۣ㿴ǲж
˼Ƭֱ̣֮ǹǵѵĵѿ׶ۣǿʲô𣿡
ǲʲô
ۺɵŲеݹĹǵѣҲĿص´
Ҳ֪۵룬ֻ۷жƬ֮󡭡
ͻȻǹǵѻõ˴ԣ¹۲졣
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ʲô
ԣҲ֣صĴǰ˳۵Ŀ⣬Ŵ⣬ǹǵѵķȥ
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ܿı㿴ǹǵڲѿԼŵĶ
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ҲǴɣҪǲĴתǹǵѵĻҲżȻֵѿж۸ϸĹ۲졣
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ڹǵѿһССĶһ㡣
˼תת˲룺Ķһ£
˳ֽϲŵķȡ£÷βֱ˵Ĵ˵ѿ档
ֻһżΪϸ΢ֽ˳Ҳ֪羿ʲôȻܽôСĶѲڹǵ棡
̾Ŀ۷˴ӹǵͳĶ档
죬򿪿һǲǼʲôϣֻǼʲô˲õĹ
ЩļĴߴš
Ҫǵ˵ĻǶ˵һϵĴڱ
Ǽ񵽱ˣ
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Ȼ
ܲеĵۣûϲղԼѪɣ
Ʊ뽫ֽóȥűöģǲҪȽϺá
ǲȴǼʱĽסȵһȣ˵ûе⡣
Ѿˣôȥü
ȴ̬ƶ ֽӲ˹ֽ㵱ûʲôôҲᰭʲô¡
ȷ˵ɣڱϾʲô֪һЩѪ;ǲ´ˣǰĻʱɾ͵òʧˡ
ĵȰ˵Ų롣
Ҳԡ۵Ľ飬ʵȻĽˣֶǹǵоһϧɺ񣬲ѱֻܽմѪֽصǵ档
üٶȽǹǵѷԼָϷתŪš

ֻϵĳδʣȴ˵ʲôҲϱƴڴˡ
ǲӰֻʱҸЦݣƴǣ˺˲ˡ
Ұɣ
ĻҪҪȥأóĻȴԼĻʺ޹ɺӣ
ֻʵܲƴˣҪúõϢһ£Ҳ֪ƴΪʲôôͣǽԼмܲס

1607 ҡڽʹ

˳óĹҪƴǸߣƴǿֻ˼һ㣬ͷЦſֻ
ǲһҪˣ
ŷ㶵ֻƴǵͳǳ磺ѾǳĻϣҪϳҲǸǵҪļĸҲӦȥߴٸǣֵҵͷϣ
ԣֻһʱȻˡ
ôˣ
Ҳǣƴ֮֮ϴûռˣҲ֪ƴǶǴѧЩڵĻֻмܲס
ʱƴǸոδüԼѣֻŵ°ɫ£µƣīĳ΢΢ɢǱͿݵӶ˼Ȼ
Ÿո˯ѵɳƵĿҪֻ׳е
Īģֻ
ֻǾȵģƴǵ͵͵Ц˳֣ǰĹһֻıӵûм
ڷ˻ʺҲС
ֻǵϻʱ򣬻ʺǲˣ
ƴɿڣֻƤĳƴͷл
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Ǻǡ
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ƴͻȻֻĶߣ⧲ǿҵӵĺȵĴԼĶߣֻٶȱ񾭡
ҲҪһӰɣ
ƴǵ繾
ǳ̫ˡ
ÿӵֻʱ򶼻ƴǾãֻʱõĶҪԶĽֻߡ
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иӵĻ
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ߡ
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ֻ֪Ǹӵˡ
ȻͲ󣬵ҲᣬҪһӸá
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ʱƴǲô
ֻոҪһƴǣ˵ϵҪԼҪӡ
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ҪҲǲС
ƴڵĹƳӦǲʲôӰģŲε׹Ƕһرϡ
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ҲȷҪӵġ
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ǲԣôһȷǵĺĻأ
һûУ
ҪСˣ
ֻ飬ƴǷԽʹЦֻδӦʱ򣬱㻺ֻĶͷһǡ
˵ڵĻʵǳƸֻںֻЦڵȷҪԴ֮⣬ƴǸǷֽ߾ǲ
һЩıʲô˵ܡҵЩ˰ˣ
ϹͲܵҵЩ˵ĹƻҲᱻãԼĳҲ־ᶨ
ǣ²ֻͳңķ֣ѩ
ҲžԵĻȨġ
ҵȥƻս»ңô
δҲһѣ
ң뷨ƴǶǣżĿԵģ
ұѩģԵǺѩһҸѩ֧ΪջĻѩһܲˡ
֪ԼпǱõģ˭Ҫôõһ᣿
˵һɹˣڹ֮󣬻ٶһ

һȨһģλģ
λ֪ԼվǼأ
뵽⣬ƴ˫īɵԼľǰѻŵӱ߽ϢӣҲĿ
Դˮ֮صָڽԡ
ϸ·ԽԽտϸĻӣ۲ѣȫȨ褺ǧˡ
ֻǣ ֮ǧҲЩĬ
оͷԡ
ֻ⹬ͻȻһǵʱӦǽԴϲ˸˵ġ
Ǿǲ֪Ϊʲô⹬ЩĪĹأġͺǡ
ֱǰİһ㣡
˱̤ʵ
褴ԼĺɣڶڻʳѲš
Σʱ̶Ҫţǵʱܵģ
֪𣡡
Ʋܽκε˴ǳĻʹ

1608´ҡڵĽʹ2

ǣ
ЩӦشİͰڻʳѲţǳ˸ʵĻȾơ
Ȼ
ھɷµķԸЩѲӻʳǵʱͻȻһӰĴӳһԾ˳ǽ֮ڣ
ˢˢ顪
ٶȿģһ׹һ㡣
ЩѲӵ۾ϸĵŸոӰȥķ
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ʲôӰûʲô׹ˣ
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ӦģֻͬãȻ
ʲô
Īǿ˰ɣ
ոһֱվûʲôȥİ
ǰǰҪʲôȥǾͻע⵽ģ
۾˰ɣ
϶ǿһӰʼˡ

ھôĿ˵ǲܵʱǸԭȿӰСҲʼҡ
ǿ۾˿˰ɣ
˵𣡡
϶۾ˣ
ЦŵȡЦ˼֮󣬱ɢڸԵĸλϡ
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ֻֻһ
ⲻŵСã
ĿⴹѣŲʵӰ޵֮󣬱˲޵֮С
˽Ųһģĳֻڵȥ
޽¯̴𣬴ϵζǰˣ͡
Ĺ˼ҲˣֱӳŴϵӰ˹ȥ

1609д̿

˯еֻ춯ãȻ۾ֻΪǲʵԼֻɨ
˭֪һ۾ʱ򣬱Ƽ
ž
ʶĶֻҲûĳǷ˹ȥ
ֻŴֻòһʱֱ֮ӱֻ˸š

ҽʱϮԼĿɫѿʱ򡭡
ĲʵҲӦ
˭
д̿ͣ챣ʺ
ʵȳ˽ʹڲѡ
ġ
ʹ֮ҲҪȥģ
ʮ˽⣬׽˲࣬ǳĻʺһ
ı飬ε׹֮ķӦģǼε׹֪ģ
ǾǹĲԸԼ
ԼҲͲԼˣ֪ΧҲôֻҪߵ˾Ϳˣ
ѡĿֻף빬ΪѰҲ䣡
ôɫǻģȻҪֻɫˣ
ֻѣ˲ٵˣ
ºˡ
ôĹ˽ԼЩˣǵ书ԼȴҲǽƲѣ
Ǵ͵͵Ҷģ˾֮󣬻ʹ֮ڶȻᱻ䱸ԺҪҪô͵͵ǾҪЩˣ
ߣ
Ҳǻֻܿ˷ٶȽʹǲε׹Ҳᱻط޴֡
ʱڴϵֻ˯ȫޣһ˫ĿĿŭѣ˭
뱾޵Ҫʲô
ֻҪոջոһ˲ֻͷƤ飬ҪԼոûоѵĻ룡
ĽŲԽԽ١
ֻɢĳǾɫòʱ򣬺޺޵תһԾţ
ʺô
û£
ʵȳ嵽ֻĴ齱ߣ¼ֻֻȻ֮󣬱ѲŸ޵ոշʲôˣ
д̿𣿡
ʺ̿𣿡
ʵǵѯʣֻǴӾŵоѹصĵ˵ͷһͻȻҵ޵书ܸߣҲ֪Ҫʲô
ǹֱ֮Խˡ
ֻδҪǻˣԼ˯ŨʱͻȻƼԼվһİ˵Ļ
Ҳǻᱻŵð
ū֪ˣ
ʺȱżūͨϢ
ʵֻֻ޹氲˲ٵĻŸɫҴҵȥ
޹һ䣬Ƭ֮󣬲ŷſԼǴ֡
Ҫ
˵ӣǸεεĻʺôһţҲЩˣ
˭뵽ôƯ˶Ȼô׼ݡ

ȴûаķŭϱ黺֮󣬴ǽĹһĨȣŵԶԶֻ޹С
ѹƴˣԭǲôһλò绨ĻʺԼ޵
ҪҲһλɫĻʺҲ϶۾ݲӹ֬׷۵ģ
ѹѾͣȴô̴棬ӺðǺð
Щ֮Ӱٶȵ

ûˣ
ʱѾĺɫٻɫ̫͸οյ񻨴б޵棬ƴǸոմ˳֮󣬱ֻ˴̿͡
һæ˹ڰȻֻԵķġ
û£龪һֻЩĿƴǣǸصĳ֣ĵطû˵ֻͻȻľҪһʱԻ͹ˡ
¡
Բٳֵڶεģ
ƴǽֻڻУ԰ֻȻ˯Ż̤޵
ֻû¡
ֻǡ
ʹ֮ôִܻ̿ͣ
ƴǱĴ΢΢ĿϵĿǧ;褣ǧ书Ѿ¼ѷˣʹлô
Ǹ̿ͺö֮֮ĳ빬ţ˻ʺ޵ˣ
ǧ;褵ڵϣεĲ̧ͷȥƴϵ񣺡¸
ʧ𣡡
𷣣
ǧ;褵ȷûвκε쳣Ǹ˵书ʵ̫ˣֻ֮⣬˶ûмĿ

Ҫ˵ĿˣӰҲδƼ
书֮߳ͻȻ֣һֲõԤС
ƴǽüšţ̧ǧ;褣Ժ󣬻ʺİȫԸ𣡡

1610ϼӷ

˻
ƴǻ£ǧٿ̧ͷӣİΣأ
ֻһǧûκεʣԼҪҲŹֻ꣬ôƴ߾û˻
óĻϣôУ
Ȼȥµȥʺ߰ɣڻϵİ
ǧüĽ֪ƴǹֻİΣƴǵİΣҪΪҪ
գ˼Ȼö֮ĽֻǰôգͺпҲ˵ƴǵǰ
ʺá
ҲǸֻ̽Ϣģ֣ԻʺŰȻ
ǸҪɱ˷ŻĿǳƴǹĻƴŶûУôܳأ
ԣƴüĽšϸ껹ж
ϸҪʱ̣ƴҲŮˣȻµǣҵġ
вһµʱ䡣ǧʵĻش𣺡ӣ֪룬Ҫôؼʱϸߡ
ӣµҲЩҪġ
ǰ֮£Ĺ£»ؼϸ꣬ͬһ㣬ǲϾˣ
ǧϵıأϸ߻ʱշţȻãǵʲôҪҲԼʱӦԡ
ƴǶԴѾǿˡ
ȥŵʱ򣬱ûд£˹棬ȴҲʱĬ»ؼȥտϸꡣ
վμҵĶɣմƴǵʥƴǹؼʱͦأ
ţҪµǰѡҲǻԥĺһѡ
Ҳá
ǱȥбŻɡ
ƴǽüšĿ⿴͸οյ񻨴꿴Ŵ⼴ɽĺϼ磺ĳ綼㲻
ѵõİվҪơ
ǧ£һֻƴǵ޵פţĵˮ©
ȴڹй䣬ЩץҲ
ڼ䣬ͼҪȥֻĹֻܷҿûвε׹κƴǵĶ̫죬ٻֻ޵ǶȻܵˡ
ôҲǲġ
ü˼Ƭ̣ϵǳʧٶȱЦЦݹڴǣȥֻǻҵȤ顣
Ӱ죬ܿģﵽһС

С㣬ʺﵱӦҪ᲻ȥκûϣүϵĹƳ棿
ֻҴҶִҴҵ뿪
ԥƬ̣̲סĿѯֻƴ֮ĳޣҪôûȨȥܡ
ϾǹƳ治ƴǵϣҲȥݺƴǵģϼҼΪ
żȻõ˽⿪İ취˵ʵûηҪȥƴǺ۾Ⱥá
֮仹ľ׺ͳޡ
ֻǽԼ𲻴ӦֻԼľ
Ըһ飬˲ø档
ǺʣƴǸûʵۡ
ǳȣǹ䶼ѾΣƴõĻҪиʲôʧĻ
ѵҪĳȨƸ
̫Сˡ
ʲôΪͱºĲ֪ڡ
ƴҪõöࡣ
ΰΪʲôơԺĵʵʱ򣬻شĵǸɴ䡣
ڴ֮ϣСĸԼСҪֻܰҵҪȥһӶټƴˣôҾͻᰴԼõģȥƴϵĹƳκá
ǳЦҲ˾治ʹˣҲ֪֮ǰ˶ٵί
Ҳ֪Ҳûдġ
ⳡǷǣҪܰҵôұǾ˵㻰һΣƴϵĹƳκʲô
֮䣬ʹŵĿⲻɵ˸һ⡣
ʵ
һ仰ûںĵǰ
ǾǣǡǡΪƴǺֻŻҪֻ뿪ƴǣȻκƴڵĹƳ档
Ͼôܻȵأ
С
Ҳ˵ǳ׵ľȺƴǰɣᱣ֤ƴһֱȥ
ҪԼƴǸȺˣַֻڣʱ˭סǣ
˰ǵʲôʱ򣬶ҪԼһ·͵Ƶġ
οɲǹ
ƴǺֻģǾ͹ֲˡ
ԣĵȻһãǵȥκƴǵġ
С㣬ҲˣȺúõϢ
ūȥȥʰһ£ٹ
ƴǺֻ˴ֻǸһסš

1611²̣

ûĹ̷ûչ
һе黹˺ĵϣҪչ˺Ҫ
ҺѾǿ˴Ȼ˵Ӽѡ
˺ġ
˵ͷӦ£Ȼں뿪֮֮͵ӰȻĳǰ
֮ǰڹʱվ潫˵̸һȻֻԼļҼеĴȴǽ˴š
Ǿǡ
ƴǻǸʲôϼҵŹƳġ
С㡭
ȻǶýƵģ
ҵĹλ䵽һ˵У
ˡ
ʵڵѾˣЩ黹δõ֤ʵʵϣҵ涼жϵġ
ǰ
ҵﱻ˰壬һӴ֮ӱū㻹ţʵȥ
ˡ
Щһȥ˱ټĶڰͼıԴѰһٶȸ١
ôҵЩӸȻ⣬
ϣǮܲܵģûǮȴеġ
ߣǮʹĥ
ҰԷչ˲ʱȻһӴҵ۹Ĺһҵͼı죬ȴҲǰҵʵûа취ˣ
ңͼıһҵ۹ҵĿģ»ص۷壬ӵɽػΨһĻ塣
κĹеľȻȹ̣ٵ߸ҪؽɽƱҪЩԼҡ
ҵ˲֡
ҵѾǼԹűƷλҪٶսңǻᱻԹޡ
ѾԹһοǲٳԵڶˡ
ˡ
ҵЩ˱һ취оĹҲżȻֵõĹ֮ǽù˵֣ôĻ¡
еǵĹҲֻҹŸĲǡ
ֻΪҵЩ̫࣬˻Ź̥ǰǰʹе˭Ҳ˵ÿ˶ҵ͸Եļƻָơ
Ǵ¼ģ
Ѿ˰
ʹŮ˵ʲôݣôҲǶùģ
ǾԲִ᷸󣬻й棬ڲܿƵ˵еġ
ѵ
ˣҪôǺҪĹϵˣҪôҲҵˣ
Ҳ۾Ȼ뵽޵ʱ򣬱ͬĿֱӡ
һ˲˵֮֮ͣǰֻΣһΣѧĹˡ
ûи˵Ļᣬֱӿ첽ǰס졣
죬û˺Ĵ㣬Ҫٵҷŵ˵ʱҾͲ֪Լûˣ
˵źݻ
ɴ˫ۣ֣вʱ򣬻ֲ̿ĵͷ
ء
жڷſ㣬ҪǸҺҾ̽ɱˣȻҵ书ǿҲܸоģսң
صĵ˵ͷ
ȷ֪˺£ҿ˵Żķſ֡
ػɵڴڵĴŴ󣬱ܿķӦŵĿ˭
ΪʲôͻȻ
Ҫʲô
һڿҲ΢΢˱仯ʱѾ˴𰸡
Ҫҵ˵ĻῴԼݣô
ֻʣһֿܣŮǺǸͽŹϵġ
ͻȻϬ仰Ӧǡ
ǴѧĹ
ƶˣ˵Ļǽսľġѧģ
Ҳ˵
ǰ˾Ȼ֪ԼᶮĹˣ
˭ģ
֪˶ٵ飿
˵ֻǸով޹棬żȻ֮ԼոպͺĵĶԻ֪Լǻģ
һ֣ò
Ƭ֮䣬ɫѾ԰׵ûһ˿Ѫɫڿ˼ûнİ취
ҡҲ֪˵ʲô
Ұɣʲô֪ʲô֪
ǿƣ˲㽫Լ˼ѹȥ滨Ŀ޵Ŀ޹Ҳ֪˵ʲô

ɫ
ġ
ǰҵɵӺŪɣ
ո涼ѾѾ˵ƴϵĹƳ 
˵κƴǣ
ɫѿ˰ɵˣ
ǰŮˣȻĿẉ̂
ǣ
̣

1612´ҳɣ

Ŀ彣óֱָǰ
ŵһ¡
ҡ
ûйƭ㣬֮ô˵ǡֻΪ˻ȥƭƴǺĻʺֿܽҵͷ֮ޣ
ұ𣡡
Ƭ֮䣬ֻ˸Ľˡ
ĸϣǰԼ˵Ļ
𣿡
ƴ֮ʲôޣ
Ȼƺץ˵Ļеص㣬šüĵĿеĳֽ˼֡
ʶʿˮȨں죺Ļʺݺҡ
ҵӻˣˣΪ̫ǣҪǵģ
Ҳ֪ǰͻȻֵǲֻƴǲģֻżȻˡ
ֻǣһֻ֣ΪƭȡԼϵĹİˡ
ʱ򣬱Щ˵ʲôܳϹϣԲпɱ֮ġ
ûбҪƭ㡣
书ôߣǸ书ģҪǶùĻ㿴һ䵽ڵ𣿡
Ҳ˰
仰˵һ㶼١
ڵȷЩҵģ̷Ĺ˶ûУͺһʱߣٿĹƺҲûֻôá
Ҫǣǲ书ġ
ùˣҪùӶһЩ书Ͳڻ£ٲá
ƵһѪɷ֮ġ
պЩƳһ𣬿ǰŮˡ
С΢΢¡ǻӵˡ
ˡ
ŽɵջеĳĿȴ㲻ùҲһ֪Щġ
˵ĺ˭ģ
ɲɵŮֵֹĳڹ棬˭֪Ǹˣ
⸹еĺȴǸؼ
Ҫƴǵĺӣôɳȥвƴǡ
Ҫĺӣô˳ĸµպþͿԺžۣҲһ¡
ͬġ
Ҳһ亹üͷڷٵתš
ǴǰƴǵΪѾϲˣҪߣû뵽ǱƴǸץˣ ҹطڡ
Ҹеĺӡ
˵˵ţͨһǰҰɣģƴұץһҸе̥֮ʱеҺӸ׵涯֣
ôĥûѧᣬĹȴһ죬ҲԽԽ
仰ܺڰĽԼǰ˵ĻĨǽŪһһ㶵ġ
˵ҲÿЦ
ҵˣһĸʲôƵãҵȥƱˣûбҵ˵ķݶ
ȴǸ⡣
书ǿͷԿǺܼ򵥵ӡ
ҲǣҪǴĻͲֻĹ淢飬ֱӱ˸ˡ
ᱻ˵
ϵı΢΢ЩݣתתװĿڣλˣ֪ʲôݣǿ书ǿǻʹҲܳɣܲ°Ҹ߰
ĵˣҲǲȵİɣ
ͻȻЩˡ
ôƴʹȫûбϣǳ˹ãԼʵǿ֮кƴǻֻǣ
ǰͻȻֵˣͲԼĻᣡ
Ҫ˽Լ뿪ʹĻŽºѧ˹֮ƴǻ̸ֻʱҪ˼ˡ
⡭
һ㶣û뵽ȴͻȻһ仰
õҪв˵ʵǹڵģ
˸ת
ʲôûĿʳǱһңҪԼ
Щɣڿ͵°ɣ
ҲһԵ֣
ĲڹˣҪǼڹ棬ҵľֻҺҸеĺһɥ
ˣ
ԴǿУǰصģ֪ģΪڹƴǺֻ˵ĶԴأ
⡭
ԥǿϵĿϣʱȴͷǺðɣ͵үˣһ£
үҲǸƴǺֻǲˬ
׻˵ĺã˵ĵ˾ѣǺƴǻǸֻ˳ˣǰŮ˺Ҳǣ
ȻǱãܲܳΪѣ룬ƴǺֻ棬ĪĹͬģ
ߣ
ҪǾôֿտգʲôҲģֱӴӳĻʹ߳ȥҪǱ֪˻Ҫ˸Ц

1613´ȥ̫ûӣ

Ҳá
뻹ֱ׳ĸ߱ˣԼ˷빬һ˲Ǻģ뻹ôһɹڵġ
лˣлˣ
ȻӦԼҪҪԼߣǼҲǶ˼ֳϻ̳Ͽ֣֪֣СŮӽȻľ֮
ҲûѣĿڣͺˡ
ˡ
ֵʱɵͷһ
Ȼ
Ȼҵˣļˣ
ֲԼùʱ򣬱ֱӴ޹Լʡ
ǲ֪˺ĹϵǺûǻˣҪǺõĻ
˵һǿܣǻĻôΣգ˾ǺûǺûܿıѹסԼеľ治ɫǿװ򶨣ѸٵĻصϽԼеİţĿ⾼Ŀ
ˣ׼ˡ
ˡ
ץˡ
ߣ
ٶǰֱסӰһ˲˳Ļʹ
˹
ǧлҪ
лλȣСŮӱ㲻Ŵˡ
СŮиǡ
΢΢񣬲ȴǲõüͷ㲻˵㺦ƴǵı𣿡
үȷǽӻʹˣǣƾӣܶ˶ã
̲ס´üĽ֮Աˡ
仰ʵˣһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪ôǣһֲõԤУСŮӡСŮӡ
ҡҡ
˺һҲ벻Ľ
ô̺ߺ͵ģ
һ͵ĸˣһ־
ʲôҡ
ĿЦȻүӹͱҪ֤㲻ܵƴǵȺүǰ׷ˣ
үǸʲô
ˣǴػĵϵѪǴػȻܹΣգʣµĴػѪѾˡ
ǡ
ȴīسɹ棬ǿصϵѪͳӡ
ǵϵĵӣǸǲǳʱˣռһˣ˸֣˺ԼྺĻᡣ

Ǻǡ
еĶģǸʲô飿
ֲԼǰ
ҲΪݵԭǽС˵һȻӦӹôҪ𵽵ס
򴫳ȥʲôӣ
޹⣡
ǾԲ ֵġ
߰ɣ
²Ӧֱ죬ֱǿƵĽˣʱϸ޾İüм˵ˡ
ү˵㲻˳ֵ飡
ʲô˳ֵ顣
ľ˵ʲôӦøлԼģûиж£ܹллҪ˵һɣ
ûôʹģ
֮ǰڹֻɲԶˣ
氵²š
֪룬˵ĻҪˡ
м
ôĸм
źò׵Ĵӹ⻹ûأ뻢ˣ
м
޲µ
Ҫô˰˭Ҫһȥˣ
ԼȥžԵʵò˶£ΪǵģǶãڰæʵϣǸ׸
Ҫǿԣ޲úݺݵǷһţȻĸжԶԶԼǰ
ϧһϵе²ֻۣǸ氵ţ򲻸˵ġ
ֻǲҪҪ
ӶСŮӵĴ£СŮⱲţԱˡ
޺޵ؽԼԹ޺Ͳ˻ȥαĴ
û뵽ǺԼĸмϵıҲźתࡣ
С˼
״̽ŵĿڣֻүҪ㽫СŮӴʲôط
ʲôطŲᱻƴǸ֣
һǱ˵ĸо
ƫƫԼҪм㡣
ΪȻĿڣȥĶ
ȻǴˣȻ֮⳯ڣ㻹ָһЩƽĵط𣿡
İһۣ˵ֱ׳
ʵʵ֮⳯û̫ƴǿ⡣
ҵȼɭϣȻѪͳĵطڱѩڳ˴ǵȴҲֱ˵顣
Ƿֲڳҵ˻Ź֮
Լ
Ҫһ뿪ŵ˳ȥѰҲε׹ŸŹҲ̤볯Ĺģ

1614´ң1

ǰǴ̨ҵЩȴľʵôһֱֲиѰܸٵķ
ǻԵɺ֮£ҵĴо˹ƳִڣҽƳ÷ӵ˼¡
ǹƳҵЩܵǺܿѸٵĹһǿҵ۹
ͬʱҵЩ˵ԼԸùƳ֮࣬ҲᱻƳȺ˱оƳʱͬҲоһǹƳĶ
һֱҪѰҵĲе׹
е׹ʧ䲻
żȻһλᣬǲе׹Ǳʧģ߲е׹˱ֻĸףĽ㣬ŵϼҴС𡭡
˵Ҫ
ǸһֱڼԼǹˣκ˶ûС
ʵأ
һŮˣһŮ˵ϡ
ʹûйʱ
治֪ҵЩ̾ôģ˾ȻҪ׼ҵĴȨ
۾Ϲ
ǸҲȷô˲Ѱ䣬ϧȴ˼һ㣬ԼŮܲˣԼļҲδع
֮ҵЩֻýԼıƿסǳһЩʱգֱӰᵽ̨ϣԲŻ硣
ʵ˵ֻһʧܵʵƷˡ
Ҳε׹ɲҲҲε׹
СǺవн
ҲĶҵǱǺܴ˵һ£ԼǱǿܶġ
Ż͵͵õѰҵֻȥѰ䣬Ͼˡ
ĪʧΨһ϶ҪҵЩ˼򵥶ˡ
ԣôʼҪЮȥһЩ飬ȴûи䡣
սթҲ֪֮أҪԼɸ˵Ŀĵã
֮ԻǶԶ
һλԵɺϵĻᣬķҵģֻȴǺټ
ҲǵĴ̽ķӦ
ϧǺ
ȻҪԼȥңɫҰײŵֱӻ˹ȥ
ң
Ǹʲôط
һʱû˵ҵĺڰҵЩ˶Ѫģ
˵ֻ棬Լ׵ˣҪ谭ԼĻҲǻȥ
زģϵֲǺ׽ôóóȻǰȥңǺԼ˶ʲô
һΪõĽԼصң˭ܱ֤պһֱõչԼ
ΨһԼеϵ˶ԼǵĻôѰ·
ŵͽѪ
Ｑ˲У˵ʲôôԴС
˼Ƭ̵ĹҧŴװɲģŵĿҡʲôط
үСŮ֪үǺ⣬СŮӲͷүСŮӷģֻϣүСŮӴ뿪߾֮㽫СŮӷΣСŮԼȥɣ
СŮݣүֱӽСŮӴصңδСŮأүү鷳ģ
ⲻҪɷСŮӵ𣡣
Ͳ󣬶ʱǻеģ׵شһеŮȥңͲġ
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ȴǸԽģھܾԼҪ΢΢Щŭ㵣ʲô
ҼȻӦ˴ǱȻѾ·ġ
һĲ鲻Ըģ㣬Ҫҵ˿ɶȥˣүŴȥѵ㻹һи
ҸɵйĹľ˵һиˣĹеиҲǴ´顣
ҵķô࣬һԺӣĴԺסŲˡ
ƴôҲ벻ҪɱǸŮ˾ö֮Ĳҡ
ţĪźࡣ
ôˣ㲻Ҫٶ˵ˣүھͽƵˤ㡣
Ѷԥԥ߶ֻúķ
ҪôүؼңҪôүھɱ㣬㽫ƴǸСӸץȥ˱ү
ĿͻȻ˵ĻҲɱ⣬ŵһ£׵ı졣

1615´ң2

нȴǲٺˣǱסҪһϲŭԼ˵Ļ̫ĻԼĶȥǿ޶ûеطˡ
Դ졣
Ŀ⣬˲߶ˡ
ʹڡ
ѾĺɫŽĻ꣬ϴ֮ʰ޵ںĴ׼ŵʱȴͻȻĹ氲쳣
С㣬С㣬˯𣿡
ʱˡ̽ŵСڡ
Ҫúýʱ򣬿ϧ⹬԰̥Ķࡣ
ҺǴӵģӺڹԵһЩ̲ĲƷһֱڰţʱʱóˡ
С㣬С㣬۵ļ˵ĻȽѷ֮Ϣɡ
޹滹ûжٶȳžĵع濪ڣȻӦĻޱߵİ
ͻȻЩԾϢȴҲʱӦԼ˵ˣҪŲǡ
Īǡ
Ƿʲôɣ
ͻȻһǿ첽ǰֱӵ޵֮ڣȻſյ޵ǳ׵Ļˣ
Ȼǳˣ
ʲô˯죬ûˣ
С㣬СȥĶˣ
ô¶
С㣬𣿡
ڵĻȻشūһ
лҲѣոջúõĴ޵ŵôͻȻʧأ
ʲôֳ˶ȴΪڸɻû
˵Լ뿪ģ
Ҳܰ⹬ضصģС㻳ӣԼ⹬ȴҲûа취ôԼأ
һΣգ
Ҫˣ
뵽⣬ֻԼ󷢺ҲԽļС㣬С㡭
ū澣ЩɣĻæұܵĵطҲȫѲһ飬ϧȴ
Ķʱֵż治һεҪȥƴǺֻʧٵϢ
Ȼںһλص޵ʧʱ
˲ȻĶ޵ȷ֮ǰԼĲ²⣬һѾ뿪ʹˣҪʲôΣյĻԼţӦȾԤıõɡ
֪ΪʲôĪĺЩʧ䣬Ҳǲ֪ʲôطС㣬С㡭
ӳȥҲãֻϣԺԼˡ
Щʧ
ֻһıѾ˾æѾ뿪ʹ顣
Ļ˳޵ûзѾ뿪޵һɵ»ص˳Լ¯õСĶ˺ý޵ڷһ㡭
ԼĬĬ˳ȥ
ĿŽ˵ҹɫü֮ǳڣֻܾԼʱ䣬ñƴǺֻ֮󣬾ֱȥץˡ
ʱԽã뿪ߵʱҲԽá
ȻֻȴǶĹע
ʧ޵ûڶ졣
ڶ峿
ĸոʱ򣬱㿴վ⣬ľ褡
Ĺǻʺ롣
£ûȺķӦ褱ֱǿƵĽһ·ֻǰ
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֪ʺｫū澽йкηԸ
֪ʡ
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Ȼװ֪ǱҲ㲻㶵Ȧˡ
ֻĿⲻɵȥ
лκƴǺ۵ˣֻʣôһˣֻڰпص
û뵽ǱŻˣΪ׽ˣһǻ֪ġ
ػʺĻū澲֪
ֻĻشʱ򣬺ĵȴƶ
֪
˵
ֻϵĿⲻɵó˼֣˵ģ֪ҲǹҪȥģֻҪۺƴǰˡ
ȻƴǺڵĹƳ沢£Ψһпκ˵ģһ¡
ĸһֻѾ֪
ĻֻҲ֪
ʵǲѵĿԡ
֮ԽڻʹһǷ͵͵˽֮Ƴ溦ˣΪҪҵκƴڹƳĽҩҪҪ
ҪɱĻ֮ô໵¾Ѿ㹻ˡ
˵ҲȥҪˮı磬Ҫĵط·һ£ҪѹҲñ˸ͬܣ

1616´ң3

һóǧС
֮ûж֣Ϊֻƴˡ
ֻĿ˵ʱס˺еʹ
ţֻֻҪôѣ㹻ú˽֮ŷʲôĽ
һ㣬ĵǺɻʺūҲֻ֪żɻʺū˵滰ūʲô֪
ūֻһںϴ·ū澻ʱҪţǸʱСȷûлش𣬲ūСҪϢһ£ûȥ
ڶ֮ū澻ûüȥС㣬ǿҪū澴ǰСʧٲҲǴӻʺĿ˵ġ
˵ūæ͸ûпˣūþȫҲСɹӳʳǡ
һ㺣ĵû˵ҪǸԼҲӳȥˣֻƴʣ
źĻشҲ
ֻŵɫĵΡ
ˣɣⱲעҪˡ
ֻƴҪҲãǳͷҲá
Ķˡ
źƶģֻֻͷ۲ѡ
ˣȻ㲻֪Ҳˡ
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Ǹѵõĺˡ
ôãҲûʲô£˻µʱ򣬻һֱͣȰ
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ҪĵһĹ
ֻûдԼĵʵЩ⣬Ǻܿĺı㷴Ӧֻллʺ䣬ūиˣ
ֻİ˰֡
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յ޹˲ЩȻ壬ڵʱʱʱػԼ˵һЩھҲˣֻȻûֱԼȴҲͽ乬ûʲôˡ
Ĳɵ̾ĿԺǸѰ
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˵ԼһӶҪ⹬ȹˡ
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ʵֻ֪ļƻǸոմӦֻæȥ߲̽һµûǹʲôطû뵽ոдֻ̣컹ûüȥѰҵʱ򣬱㷢ʧڻʹˣ
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Ҫôı£ڹ汻ôã
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ˣ
Ȼڲʵĵ²۵ʱȴͻȻֻС
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ˣôôأ
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⹬סŵĲҺƴˡ
֮ǰҵĹǸ˲ǴдһƴǵĻǱ㼫пǱģ
ֻĿ˸⣺ҲǸ书ǿˣһ뿪ʹԲŻ˲֪
ڣֻôһͣһвŶ˵ͨǸֻ޵ֵ书ǸǿܽЩ˿£ڻʹߡ
ôҪôˣ뿪ʹҲ׾ٵ顣
Ҳֻֿˣֻܲƾʧɣ
ǸصصִˣǲЩ֮˵ġ
ʵֻô˵Ҳúе
ǻʺǽôѽʵѯŵֻȴֻľ
ֻһϻۣǵʲôʱ򣬶ǻ뵽İ취ģʱǱʵͲ࿴Ĺǡ
룬Բʵεʱֻȴεҡҡͷûа취ǼȲ֪ͻȻ빬Ǻݣֲ֪ĿľΡ
ٹ죬ȥѰҲûнԷҪصĻҲҲģֻôˡ
ҪǸص˳ֵ̫ͻȻġ
ͻȻ⧲
ֻǴڱ״ֻֻ̬ܵǸ֣ҵǲұ¶½ǵͼֻȥҵǶʱڲˡ
֮ڣһ·ӳҡ
һ·涼½˵Ǹܳ˺Ѫ棬ԼͷӶʣ
ʵ֤ˣνĽ뿪ԼңǴصұ
ֻĽԼҵһԺլصС

1617´ң4

ʱԺ̥ɣ㻳ҲףҪסʲôʱסʲôʱ򣬾һӲҲû˻㡣
ĽԺ棬Ǹɴ˵ôһ仰
ֻǱү󷢴ȱ㵽ʣµͲܱүĸϵˡ
ôҪԼľʮְƵ˵ô仰֮㾶˦뿪ˣЩãȻվԭȥıӰӦ
ʲô
ȻĪľͰɽˮôʺĵط
Ի˵ƯֻǽԸסþסãҪԼѡ
ôѡ
ѹͲ֪ʲôط
ط̣ܶûڵĴҪ뿪Ҳûа취
ܾܲôһԼ߳ȥɣ
Ҳ֪ɽûҰޣ
һƴԼ
ҪҪ
һнİ취ǻл뿪ôƫƧСԺġ
һ
ҵĳҵСԺȥ
׿Ĳ˵ҵǲƴֵģôһ俴Ų۵СԺ涼ֵƵļҾװţֱ¡
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ס棬ô¶Ǳķ֣Ȼҵһ

ԺūͺѾѵأĳ
⣺ǲؿ
ҺǵֻƼˮˡ
Ƽˮꣿ
һūȻûзʵϣǵǶŵġ
ҪֻƼˮ꣬ôеĺôͣ
ҪֻƼˮ꣬ǵүôܽŮ˴ԼıԷסš
ֻǣΪū澵ģЩֻǿƲ˵ơ
ٿ˵Щūǵ滹Ǻġ
ǣ
õѵǡ
Ѿȷ˵ԼûйϵЩū͵ǰЩǴ˵ˡ
治š
Щ
ˡ
˵ʵˣЩ˲Ҳû취
һ·ϱˣҪūźԡ£
Ϊ׵Ѿ֪̽ŵš
Ҳȷ÷ˣͺĴ乬ʱҪԡ£ϧһչԼͺ࣬ϴ˵Ҫɨ޵
ϴҪĶʵ̫ˣû㹻̿һֱûҪϴ顣
񡭡
飬Ը񣬲ܵʲôʱ򣬵ʲôطܺܿӦԣƬ֮䣬ϱ㹴һĨǳЦ
ˣͶлλˡ
ֻδһʱҪ߶֪λ֣γƺ
Цݸ
֪ǰ˻ش𣺡ع ū֪λ֪ģ֪֪ʲô㶼ԾܷԸūȥ
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Ҫ˿ռ䣬Ūôһ˸Լߣ˵ĺģչԼҪ˵ĲľڼԼˡ
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£Ҳ㲻ٺЩѾǿ˷ʱ䣬Լһ˽棬ʼŵѲӡ
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ֲڲ߻źš
һжˮ࣬ˮҪӺá
լӵĴϤ֮ȻҵĴ֮ϣʴ̣ȴǳ˲עʱȻĽԼ񰲷һԡ
ȴʼĽ⿪ǰѡ
ֻǰһŵĵ߹ǱȻӿԽȻ
£˭һ뵽Ǹ׷ѰĹͲϣһķʽ
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СĽƤ˳͵͵ıĬһΡ
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֪ʵ֮󣬻ĵңȥԡˡ
ūѾ׼ˮ
֪֪ĽŲȻţΥıˮůİԼĸоֻú
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Ժӵ档
ȥӰ޳ڰĵĿû˵һʱǰ⡣
ô

1618 ң5

֪ӣϱ𾴣үĻѾүķԸλԡˡ
ûɰɣ
俪ڡ
ûУλ￴ǴݣҪôαװĺܺãܻҪһĵ飡
֪һһʮĽԼӡ󱨸
ԣĵ˵ͷãȻˣǾͺļҪʲôֻܴӦҪ󣬾ԸͨҰɣ
۾ĿٶȿŵǴլӡ
ܾûô򵥣ǿǸӣʱҪ̽ǲɵġ
ͽô׵ķҲǲĵġ
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ֱӽԼԺ棬˿ˡ
ҪûܣҲùĻô͵Լһڷƶˡ
쳣ĻôԼƤӵ£ܹǷʲô˵ġ
ǣ
֪ػشӰȻػصԺ·ոԼûгȥһ㡣
ˮ̫˰ɣŻԼķɣھȻʲôʱ˯ˣ֪
۾ʱŵϴˮѾˣ򵥵Ĳϴһ£㴩ѳ
ʱ֪Ѿūŵ̷ӡ
ˡ
Ҳ֪ϲʲôζūǱŵİʺ̥Ĳˡ
Ҫǹϲūǣūȥ
һʢĲȣȴͻȻԶڳʹĺġ
ǳ׵ĴӳʹຣˣǺȴڻʹ棬ʲôʱ취ĸӳźá
뷨̽ŵ֪֪үʲôʱ
֪ʵĻش𣺡үԲʱᾭʱȴضʲôԸū澿ȥҰȥͨһүȻžǡ
˲üͷء
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ʵҲֻ̽Ͼտʼ飬˵ǣҪҪ˼
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űֶԼ
֪ϵı飬ּ˵ʲôҪ㾡ܺū˵ʲô飬ֻҪūģܰģһ߾ȫ
Ҫ뿪ôǶūǵĻ·ūүҲǻɵģ󷢴ȱūǰɡ
ǰū澰ɣ
֪㿪ڣѾҲ̹ǰǰϻ̳Ͽֵһʱ֮䵹ǽΪѣ
ü˻ǾԼҪ߸ЩѾˡ
ʱ뿪Ͳ뿪ɣȳҪ
ͺž֮ҲиˣҪùԼһ˴Ҫá
źһڻʹƺҲǻĵġ
ţƬ֮㿪˵ʵҲûʲôֻһһѣʱڳڣΣҪȥӪ
ֻǴĻΣա
λа취һ𣿡
׿Լ⣬֪ɵɻؿūǣūǵĻԽҪȵǸѵֺסַū澣ūԻ취žۡ
𣿡
֪˵ڵ˫˸⣬֪ҲǶ˼ϣ㵱а취
վһ˹ȥֱӽǲɵģҪðȥһ³Ļʹܽ
֪ԥƬ̣룬֣ص˵ӦǿԵģֻҪȴһʱ䣬Ͼͳһξġ
֪ǵ֪书ǿСܹѵģڣȥһӦѡ
֪Ŀ˸ŵĽš
װɿЩѾūǵè壬˵˵ţ̫ˣĺܸлǣ
鷳ˣϴϲҪҵǸ˱ǰҵŮ̷Һܾã֮񡣡
ʱҸү뿪ʹʱߵ̫æûüһߣҾȻ˰ȣҲŽӹͬһͬסˡ

1618Ī1

ʱҲ֪ʵΣ֪ԼܴܲӻʹӳźĵĻĻС
ѾȫˣȻ뵽ĺҲ뷨֡
ԣū֪ˣᾡİ֪ǰȥһˣҪˡ
ʱ䣬ĵĴõǣ֪΢չ˺ӦЩǡ
Ҵҵù֮ٶȽԼڷ䵱С
ھҪǾܾĽеĹ
ĻǿԻʬˣƤϣʱпܱ˷֡
ߣ㽫еĹҽ֮󣬾Ǹ֪ĿĵԼ߰ôߣҲûϵ
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뿪˵ıܻ䣬ߵÿһúǼѡ
ǣڵټѣҲǰ̣ȥѰˡ
λƣλεݵӣһ˫ƴСĿϡ
еƤСı̯
еƤӵһһĽƤ£ϸȥĬƤصĶ

ڡ
ֻĽҩеӵת࣬Ҳð
һ»ָ֮ǰĻģʽһϼҼҲǴϼҵĵ١

ղϼҼòɣ࣬վɽǰĲ۵ˣĳŲ빰˹֡

ˡ
ϼҼĻڸϴһ˫аȵһͳ´ϼҼ
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ϧû뵽ǵһһݺõˣǾԼˡ
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ϼҼȴʮۻҲĺӣֻΪͯȽңŵԸЩԱգϲ͡
в롣
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ϼҼѹŲ빰˹֣ǰҵΪǻҪͷңɱңҲܡ
ֻŵЩϼҵȴ޹ģֻΪ˹ƣŲòһֳ
ʵЩҲǲԸģϵĹƳѾʺ⿪ˣǷ»صţҲ׷ǵΡ
ϼҼֱ׵ʱ򣬲˳Ŀ⣬ƳȺĳԼֵϼҵǡ
˵ףϼҼŵЩϼҵҲϼҵˣôྫĵȫϼҴʱôȫĻǻϼ˵һشʧ
ǵȷΪŹ飬Ǳȣǲѣ˾Ѿˡ
ü˼Ƭ֮󣬱ĵĿڣЩϼҵĵҿԲ׷ԳŵΣֻǣҪ»ͱҪܳͷ
δһ֮ڣЩҪеɨԼũ
ĿڣӲĿ˵
ڡ
治ȥԭôˣȴҲûа취ԭ¡
£ҪЩˣȻǻЩ˶ԲĴмġ
ҪЩϼҵĵӸɱ˵Ļ
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˾
ڡϼҼ㡭
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ϼҼȴ̹Ȼ˴򲻻ӱˡ
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Ȼһ壬ɱϾĴ塣
һپ٣һϼҼôãǶǴϼҵġ

1622˼

ϼҼֻͺͱְϴ
ŵԼ̬۵пţδҲһֹΪв벻÷ӣ
ϼҼǽճʲôϷ
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Ȼ۵ĻµʱЩϼҼϼҵǱıɫĿۣݺݵģ޲ֱǰ˺ˣ
㣡
ŵͽں˵ʲô飡
ȻҲ˵ģ
ϼҶ۵ĳޣǿǲܵʲôʱ򣬶Ǽµġ
ϼҵӣû۵УЩȥĵǣٶǺµЩմ״ʵĹϵġ
飬ôǣǶԹԣ
ǣֲ˵ģ
ֲ֮ǰڲ߿۵ʱֻúϤһʱ֮ȴ벻ۡ
ĵĿڣʱǽЩ˾ѹ
ˣ
ˣ
֮Կ۾ϤΪǰˣǵ걻ϼ㾡ȫ֮׷ɱǸӣ
ʱ꣬۳࣬üۼҲ˼ֵĲͬŽûڵһ۾ϳ
û뵽ô׷ɱ㣬ӳ죡
ôڣ㻹ָŷ𣿡
Щϼҵĵӵǳڵģ޲ֱӴ֡
۴ǹĻȴԽԽ
ɽ׸ģơ
Ǻ˵
˵˵һǹĲ˳ʺ
ϼҼһͣôķԼǰҪٻɡ
ϾϼҼֻǿõĹ߶ѣ뾹Ȼ֮꿴ϼҼеӵ
ЩΪƳĵӾ÷ĿЦء
ŵĿЩͬԼϼҵĵӣʲô˲õЦһɱң
ƾҲ䣿
Ĵ۵Ŀ˵ǲһ˿ĸ顣
۵ͬĮ
һ׵ʱ򣬱ܽһȺں֮ڴ仨ˮֺοڣ
Ǿԣ
۾ЩһǱ˽һˮϼҵӵģֻǺܿɱ
õĿɱɲ֪ܵĿɱ
Ҫǵ涯֣ۿɲ¡
ۻûлȥúõıĳޣ
Ŷˣ˸ǣڵϼҼҡ
ҪϼңôԺ󣬱ֻˣ
ЦŵĿȺ˱ϼҵǡ
Щϼҵ۵Ļ֮Ŀ𺳵ĲУ
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ʲô
ӲûȻܻΪǵ¼
ƾʲô
Ⱥе˲ɵõһ۵ҲǸŷŭѡ
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˭Ҳһʱ֮Խܣ˶˸Ҳˣ
۷Χ˵ˣôܳΪ
ϼҼĴ󣬲֮λˣȴҲҪ棬һѡβѡμģ
뿴Ⱥ𼤰ϼҵӣֻͷ۵
ǹƵۣ֡
ϲԵģҲҪɱеϼҵ𣬽Ҳ֪ôˣȻ벻ȥЩϼҵ˿֮
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üۼ΢΢Щŭ⣬ݵϼҵֻᷳ
ѾһˣڶΣ
һĻվǵǰǾ͸ķ
ոɿ˵ҪЩϼҵĵ»ţû뵽⻹ûôأ
ЩϼҵĵӱεϼҼִպӸôȥ
ܵˣ
ǳ⣬ЩոջŵϼҵӲɵЩΣ׷׵ĵͷ
ǵͷ˲䣬Щŵϼҵڿ۵ʱɶ
ֻöͷ۵ĲС
£δһʱ䡭
ЩϼҵĵĻصţǰк۵ĽҲ١
δǲᰲˡ
Ƚ֮£۵ûЩŵĵôŭĿ⿴ϼҼ˵ĻҲϼҼɫס
ֻ֮ȴû˷ŭеֻʣ
ǰϼҼȷ˺ܶ໵£磬ĬϼŵĵôĺҲ
ǿһ˲ͻȻܶǰûж飬Ҳ£ǰ޷ִѾûˣٶ̰أ
ϼҼǲƵۿ£һ˫۾ЩǵĹ۵䳰ȷҲûз
֪ô˵ǶŵģⲻҪǲңЩϼҵĵȴҲŵһӣ
ܸǵİɣ
ұ󣬸»ţֻҪƴЩϼҵĵӾͿˡ
ϼҼĿ˲ϣϣϣЩϼҵĵӡ

1623

Ȱֺ޵Ůϡ
ȻץסСΪʲôÿζ
Ϊʲôÿζϲ˵ʱ򣬹ҵͷϽһˮ
Ϊʲô
һôֵø˵ĺ°
ô꣬ò״ˣȲĸϹ
أ
Լֻ䳰ȷ͵ͷһ
ɺ죬˫۵ĵǾɫЦݶʢ
ʲôʱӣ
ü佥¶̬ѰǰЦݣֺԼ

ǡ
룬ӦһڿԼ
Щʧȥ˿Ƶ˺ѷΡ
ܿ
ò״ﵽԼҪ飬ӦˣֻǳݻĽǣ
ʲôʱܵůĴڣһĵÿԼʱ򣬶ݺݵĲԼĿڡ
ԽŵԽǵĮ룺Ǻǡ
ν
͵͵Ц˳ŭء
Ҫȥ㣬˵طﲻʺ㡣
ʱյݵλ
ҪʲôŮûУ
ȴƫƫִţôĪ˵Ե˶檳ȺŮϥˣ׽̷ѾͷûС
űȥ
Ҫϲȥǧٴˣ
֪
֪
ݺݵĽ˦£ӣ
㣡
ȻӸտʼ´ҴҵҼ𣬵˲ȻŭĴ뿪
һеһУǸ޾ֻһÿζ
ϲвŭɫ׵ıȼŭ
档
ƿʱ򹧾Ĺ˹֣ü֮Щ㵣ӣʱʲôҪ𣿡
Ǹɵˣ飬EӰ쵽ʼԼҪʲôʲôԲġ
ϰߣӦϢʱ򣬿ȴ޵
Ѿ˵Ҫ̶ȡ
Ƶ⣬ı𿪣˫ŵδȥ˵ָƻһ
ƹ
ƹ
˻
Ʋɵõһֵʱ彩ӲһʱЩûܷӦ
ڣ
Ҫƹ
ǵô꣬ΪӶҪԼĿĸأ
ǡ
𾪵ķӦֻһ˲䣬ܿģƱǷӦ˹˳Ŀеļڣǣ

ƽŲɿ죬˵ֺ֮ˣæʧǰѸٵȥź
ҹڵŨһīһ㣬Ļ
ʱĻʹӦϸģȻȴǴͬ
ܵĻ͸©ɱƽ׵˴˸
Щѵصȥ͹еĽֱͨеӽǶθΧˮйͨ
Ŀ䣬ĵĿָһȺȥ
ȡ϶׼
壡
飡
صĹűȻӹƿ滹ֽԵһ˵ȡ

һЩ²Ůǵľ˲ڹǰǻӴܵĽŲЩĴᵽ
ž
òң
ƴЩѵصİûзʲôֱ֮ӳ޵
ӭ治ǿ˭³ֻһɱ
꣡
ꡪ
ѪʱЩɱĹǵʳȾ˷źĳ
ϻʵЩ˯ʵĿЩͻȻ뵽֮ڵˡ

Ǻ֣Ȼ߶޵ĺΣϻʵһŻʵ۵ϣȻ
δµʱ򣬱㿴һֻźĳصĵԼĲ֮¡
˯ʱȫޡ
ĿĿ϶ǹĻȣ
ϻʵ۵ɴ۾̡̿͡
˰
˰
д̿ͣ
ϻʵЩһֻŮɫУѾģ
ʵôȥƹƹϻʵ۵Ӱ첻̫
ϾƹλĻϻʵҲûжԻˡ
޷ǲǣ޻
пһߡ


ϻʵͻȻĺҵĳеϣĳ֡

1624»

ĴС鶼ǽģôֻһλԼȫ
ֻҪ֣ϻʵ۱㰲ȫˣ
ǽΪʲôĹֳôĶȴٳٵĿӰţ
ϻʵ۳Щˡ
ȴϻʵ۾еУĳֵȺֱӵϻʵ۵ǰ
ƣ
ϻʵɫһϲأ
ꡪ
ȻϻʵϵЦݻδʱƱֱӸɴ̧һųԵǸеĽ
ֱӳϻʵ۵ĲĨȥ
Ѫȣ˲Ⱦ˴齡
ϻʵ۵Ļδ˵꣬ɴ˫ۣһŵģ
ֻûôȥˣ
䣬ϻʵ۵Ҳֻöġ
ϲҪôæ񣬿ͱĹҸ̲˰ɣ
Ҳ֪ϻϱӻʲô£Ȼڻλô꣬ǻ˲ٵˡ
ϻʵ۵۾֮ǵӰٵĳµ޵С
Ŀܵ
ôЦһ鰡
ǰһǵĵطڣȴʬҰѪ˳޵̨ʣ޵һжǱ˴ңЩϹıضǡ
ıȽ֮£һīɫ۵żĸоͬµ޵ȫ
ĿŽϻʵ۵ͷ­ǻһĨ΢Ц󣬸עӵĿ֮£ӣǱƸϻʵ۵ͷ­ǰ
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ڿһϡ䱦һĿϻʵ۵ϣ΢Ѿ˵̰ɫȴҲҪעԼӡ
ôĲעԼ󣡡
ҪǴȥǻЦ棿
ڣǵͳ΢Щɳƣʱǻ̲סȻ֮С
ڣʱ˿̵ĳеģֻŷɥĿ־塣
ЩѸܻĻδüߵĹ˵սľĿʱǽһжڣÿһǹغǧ˵
βЩ˽ţ
ֻǰһ̻Ŀϻʵ۵ͷ­һ̣ȴȻ
ٿվֱӽϻʵ۵ͷ­ֱӳ޵Ĺš
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ͷ­Ƥһع䣬Ǻۡ
أȻ촦³ǿɱ

ڸЩʹǵУȴһ顣
ûаϻʵĿһִĵĸо
ϻʵ̨ˣ
μϣ
꣡
ϻʵ۵ͷ­޵̨׵ʱͻȻǰĸߺƵźЩˣҲȺǰ
μϣ
μϡ
꣡
糱ˮһĻɽ֮۾󣬸˵ע֮£ĳǻλȥ
צϣӣЦŵ˵֣ƽ
лϣ


ʹ
ƴ߽ŵʱüĽ
ةҲǸ꣺ȱȨ㳯Ұ˶ܻƹλȴʵôꡣ
е˶ᾡľģĹĶʱȴͻȻ䣡
ǽ׽͸
һǲϲ⵽С
ةǳĿšüĬƴǣϣ֮׵İûжþҪˣ
ɲҪơ
ĹľѾ˽ʱ䣬ڼ䣬ĹҲûҪ̲ԷκʼնƾС
ĸ໥ƺ⣬׶֡
ڡ
ĽɽͻȻյ˸ˡ
֮ͬǰǳĽɽߣĻô˵Ƽҵˡ
ǺƼڶһҪǷ˭ҶԳĻһͬ飬һȥԵˡ
ӲܣųĽɽ¶˵С
Ͳһˡ
յˣ˭֪᲻Զ꣬һǸģĳֻǲȥߡ

1625Щĸо

ҪŪˣ
ƴǳĬƬ̣ĿĵĿةࣺة࣬ȥ׼һ£ѡеԱǰȥ
˳ǰĻǶǸ֮ˡ
Ƕ˵ȴϡƽ飬
»ʵǻһҪǲʹȥصġ
ǵ̽ǰϢò˶ãĿӱ޵žͻ͵ǵİϡ
ʱҪǰ׼һˡ
ة൱׹ƴǵ˼ĳƴǹ˹֣ǣϣ
ϳף
ֻǻϡةϻ¶ЩԥƴǵҲǶ˼ֵĵǣΪӣ֮ǰ;δ֪Ҫ𣿡
ةĵǲûеġ
˭Ҳ֪Ǹʲô ˣû׽͸ϲúҰġ
һҰĲֻĻλеĹôһ֮бǼδ
ƴΪĻϣܲһֱվС
ȥţȥѩ
ķʵ̫ˡ
ɹƽߣеľĶȴɻ˵սľġ
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ةü˼ƴǽ飬ʵƴ֮ǰյʱҲ٣һΡ
ةǲܾһֲõԤС
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δ˵ĹӣܹҪһġ
ºǧı£ǸδЩ̫ˣ
ةۺпϡ
£ôֱۣҲֻةһ˲Ÿôֱ׵˵ҪǻˣһẦƴǹ
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ݹĹ
ĹеĻʵۣĻʵʹ󣬶ĻʵϹԸŵѩĻʵԸֱʣµģΨһƴһȳֺгǸΡ
ҳʵһֱǳġ
ҪʲôʲôҪ̬ȣеĿⶼƴǵϵġ
ȻƴǶ֪Ĵڣ᲻֪ƴǵΪˡ
ƴȥĵϣɾ裬¶ԼҰġ
ƴǲԹȥֻǴڳĻһ裬ǸӲᱻ˲
ǡ
ة磺ϣϳ˵ʵֻΪҪȥʶһǸԲҪȥ𣿡
ةƴʮʱһֱƴǵߣһ·ƴ˵ž֮֮顣
ة˽ƴǵԸΪˡ
ةԵĸоƴǵĽǣһִûйĸо
ǰƴѪһߵʱ򣬶йڵĸо
ةֱ׵ѯʣƴǵĿҲɵøų˼֡
ƴǱ΢΢š
ة״ȴǲɵͷһſƴǵҲŽ
ϣʺﲻߣʲôǣѵϳҲҪ𣿡
ƴķӦة൱׹ƴǵǳǺϵĹƳйء
֮ƴҲΪ˲ֻǡ
ֻߣʱƴǾȫûбҪˣ˵˵ܺةһ취Ҫùƴǽһе鶼ѹ棬ԼһĬĬĳҪõĶˡ
ƴǱ΢΢ţةǹеվةĻע֮£˵Լǡ
ղ֪ҶĻǵЩʱҿƲסԼ뷨ʶ
ƴǵͳڣȴûаֵڵĹƳҲûκεı仯ҷֱ治ǲ
ڲ֪ԼйƵƴҲȥѹڵĹƳ棬ҲǶԼΪ˽ˡ
ƴֻԼƺ˺ܴı仯
ֱ仯İģǳƴǵĿƷΧ֮ڵģƴǿʼɣ׵Ǻ󣬻ǻˡ
ةƴϵıҲɵø
޷Լȴûκı仯
ǹƳֵġ
ة룬ҪǹƳֵĻƴǵ޷ƣͲôɫȻĳԼǰ
ֻһֱƴǵߣǹƳģʲôҲǸòǡ
黹аˡ
ةة͸ǽŵĿƴǣϣڽϳһ
ǵõʱֻǷԼƳĽҩòǴӸϿԽ⿪ƳģֻʱԵѹá
Ľҩƴ˵֪ǻǸ

1626ǰ׼

ֻҲź硣
ֻǵʱֻةȻҲƴˣȴõʱ̣֪ܶҩЧ֮Ч
ѾǸʱһʱˣҪǵ汻ǽҩӰƴڹƳ仯ĻʱةƴǰӦͻᷢƴڹƳ쳣ˡ
ԣƴǼҲûģֱӽԼ쵽ةǰةҲšüĿصƴǰ
ʱֹһ㣬쳣
ة໺ķſƴǰ֣Լϳʵظƴǣϣ΢ڻϵ沢ûзκε쳣ϵɣ֮ǰûзûҩʱ򻹸ǿ
ǿ󣬷ǽס
ةãƴǵ岻ûбĸ⣬һĻָ
ϣ书ʲô仯𣿡
ةƴĿǵǣּʵ
ƴǵҡҡͷûС
ңҵ书־˲١
ǾˡةԺŬƴ仯ĿԣҲ̫ǳˣֱ仯δһ¡
¶ףƴǻܶ񻯣ھļ֮ةȴһ
˵ǻѹԵĽҩ֮󣬶ڵĹƳҲһЧģټôʺһֱھӣߵǸε׹ѹơ
ϳãĹƳûܳ׵Ľ⿪ȴҲǰ˾Ųʮˣ
ة󵨵Ĳ²ţԣŻ˵ǿо񡣡
ϵķӦǹƳŻһʱ䲻ӦɣŹʱӦ֮úתˡ
ϾйƵʱ̫ˣһ棬տʼʱðٰĲӾˣὥȥӦĴڣһʱ֮󡭡ǵҪڸȡߣòӦˣ
ةⷬûеġ
ƴ˼ĵ˵ͷةȰ˵Ͱο֮鵹ȷ˺ܶࡣ
ɡ
ֻҽȻܸߣةҽҲ˵ġ
֮ǰôõʱһֱةڰæάԼةƴҲǺŵġ
ˣǺ󣬲ҵѶ㰴ҵҪȥɡ
ûʲô쳣ƴǵȻǴ򶨺ע⣬ô˵ʲô׸ĵġ
ةȰ˵ƴǻǼԼ뷨
һᴫţ뿪ʱ䣬нڰаæ񣬲̫ġ
ƴ֮ôĿȥκεĵطҪΪڣβҪܻܵҪá
ǽܶ˲ĸڣóҵС
ˣƴҲûеĵıҪˡ
ƴǵҪλ㣬Ƹ費Ǹڶѡ
ƸСʼնῴȥƸЩж԰æġ
Ȼˣϳ㲻Ȱ˵ˡ
ƴƶ̬ȣةֻε̾˿ƴôãȻƴǵԸġ
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ϳһϸ˼еὫ˷еΣս͵ġ
ةϱأȻȴ˵ƴǣôֻķ¹ֻ뾡һа취ƴһ֮аȫƽĻ
ƴοЦЦá
ϳˡ
ة첽̤޵

š
ϵĲ뻺˽յ˫˫۵˲䣬˫ڵȴĿǾϲĿԼ˫֡
Ĳ룬飬ҲŽ١
ͻ˱ˣ
ҪͻűĻ´ﵽǰﵽĸ߶ȣǸʱ򣬱ûǲĶˡ
ֻǲýЩ֣Ҳ֪ǲԼ ΪȥƴЩŹСֽЩ̫ķ
ڲƣ֮С
ǵƴպ֮ȥ۵ģȻԼڷר־ƴ˼죬ȴ쳣ƣԲ㵱治ӷгȥˡ
һͷĺͲһ㣬ûȥѰۣҲûйѰҲ롣
һʱ֮䣬֮Щ졣
뻺ĴӴһĿЩıԼƴպ˵Сֽ
Īġ
СּֽħһŲǰȥĬ
ǰһֱоҽ棬Σ֮Уκ̫Ĳ಻ᱻǱԴӶ񡭡
̲ס૿ڣĶŵĻ
ǵѱ½ӻصԭӣСĽصǰ

1627ºӱˣ1

ּҡ
ԭŵԺӣʱȴһյĻ磬


Χڲ棬ڲ棬ϸһҽϣӷ˳ˮǱѪȾˡ
ϧʱȴϸߡ
ةཹվڲⲽڲҲǼͷ󺹡
ϸ꣬ҧҧһ£ҪͣĻøеĺϢ
ץϸ֣һĸϸͼúӣ¡
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·ţϸ꽥ָʶֽץ֣һĲҽʱ
ڣһеĽȺͽţӤ֮¶
ʱһֱڽĽǵŵةȻҲվǸһ
̫˵ˣ
ȻЦʱԺةҲݺο
ǰǰˣ
һתۣѾ游ˡ
ةȻڲ潹ĵȴţûãǱŸոճӤةǰ
ϲ򣬺ϲ򡣡
ϸǸкˣ
СӸճЩͰ͵ģǲѿüۼϸģ
ة࿴Ӥֻ÷ĿɰԺԾĻǰֻϸճʱģ
ƺҲǸһ
ССһţűϲ
ةСӤһǣԼϵĺǺӣǰģŽŵ˲ɵÿЦ
ллˣ
ةĸмҪһֱϸߣϸûôˡ
ȻվһԣĿة໳бŵСӣҲŻϲĲУСֶŮĿС
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Ҫǹʱة໹ǲԼĻµĻôֱӻ׽ɡ
պ֮ǰдŵʱѾֻһ˵˼ԼлҪԼǰȥžۡ
һǻʺԼ׽ԼŴĻôҪڵĻõĶࡣ
ߡ
ҲУͿҪˡ
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ǵȻˣСӸճʱŹʱ䳤˾ͺÿˣ
ﵹûпȻķӦЦŻشȻʡ
ͬʱǳةЦŴȤ˵ллδ̫ˣϸ£ҵҲǸ˵ġ
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ǣǡ
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ʱϢ뿪˻ԼߣҲбŵĺССһţȴǳͤͤ
Īģة޾ĳɾ͸У
ةȻǺǹĵİһŻڣӻСʺϴ̫ã߽治ᣬҲҪӽңҴȥĸ׿һ¡
ϸæµôãźӵ滹ûء
ǵȻǵȻةӦͣЦ£죬Ȼ᲻ûеôɰССӤߣźӵĸ׵ǰһ۲ǸΪҪ飡
˵ЩŮ˵ͼˣϸȴһ
βϲ
ةСĽӤ½У÷ūѾϸʰӣֱӱźӽ档
ʱϸڴɫ԰ףȴǴŵ΢ЦǲԾɢĸԵĹԡ
ҵĺӡϸﱧеӤĳԼļĿЩոҺе˻ơ

1628ºӱˣ2

ϸļģﲻɵЦӯӯ˵֪֪ļȺúõڴţͽӱ
ϸԹת֮Ѿźӵ˴֮ǰ
㲻õģӳúܺãܽü֮Ժ㣬Ǹкء
֪ϸйУûϸ꿪ѯʣѾ֪ϸźӵһϢ
Ȼ￪˵֮ϸϵı˲
Ǹк𣿡
ϸЩȷ֤
Ҳʮĵٶȿ϶ͷ
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á
ϸɢŹ֮ǰ¾һֱҪһкҵܻһ̥ѾʵףĵĸҪģʱʧ䡣
ϸĿڣĿǴȰĿ˯ӤЩį
ڽӴԹǱص飬ԭϸӾͲãԸһټԼ˼ȥŮˣϸ԰ġ
˽ϸҲҪѪģȥμҵЩڣ
ܲΪԼ˽ϥӡ
ɺˣϸǿһˣƽƽ˸ӡ
ŻССһţôҲһ㣬ϸ껺֣С˯еӤḧľ̾ǿ
ճĺֻССһţȻ᳤ôһأ
ôôС
СһϸЩ֪룬˯ӤĻϲȴԼĴ³˶˺еĺӡ
͡
ɵѾͷôԼĺӵġ
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ҪǵŽӳ֪ԼոճʱԼĸ׸ĻһӰġ
ϸСģǸﶺЦô£ףȥǺ飬˺ġ
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áϸ꿪ʼĽı䡣
￴ϸƣڵϸ꣬ոǺķ񡣡
ѾˣҲԷˣʣµȶԺҪȺúϢЩ֮չӡ
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á
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ϸ˵ͷҲȷˡʱ򼸺þȫҪһ˲ϡ
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Ҫϸ굣Լ㣬ǻǸӡ
⺢ӱչˡ
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ϸϴҸ΢Цʵӵʱ±Ѿ˷ܵ溢ȡʮˡ
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ƽǷ˱ǿԺúõкѡһˡ
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»ʱ׿ڸϢȻһǵĺȡ֡
˯Ũϸ꣬ĺš
һȣϵϸǴƽȵĺ
￴Ž˯ȥϸȻؽǺӱתȥڵǺι̡
Ȼεվڷ⣬Ҫ⺢ȥϢ𣿡
ҲϲСӣֻÿɰ
Ȼǰȵ򴽺Цŵĵ˵ͷǰ
ȻҪտ𣿡
ţ
ԣȻصĵͷȥ磬ʱǸСӣة֮ةൽӡ
ڳ˳ᢣǶŮҹеЩȴһŲ֪Ҳû̵
һжҪȻԼȥѧϰ
Ǽչϸ꣬ǸȻѧϰĻᡣ
ǰ
չ˽ҲǺˣ㽫ͺӽңտһɡ
ϢƬ֮ӣ
ֻҪҪ齻Ҿˣ
ȻڴĿοڸлֺѾڵģǰæңʲôġ
˵ͷȻ˵Ҳеǰϸ̥춯ʱһֱ߲ݵϸߣҲʱúúõϢϢˣȻԺûа취úõչϸˡ
ټԭּҵȷǺأûʲô̷ˣԴϸ֮ة¾Ͳ˵ˣıϸҲѾ߹
ֻҲĴӹ͹רŽ֣һͬչϸӡ
ЩֺѾǵİæҲġ
ȷǡ

1629ºӱˣ3

ﵭȻЦЦСĽеӤȻĻУǾˣȻ
ࡣ
ȻǺӽӹǺӵĿҲǻϲͱԱߵķȥ
ҲƣĴ˴ԼļԼķ
Ȼո̤ʱһӰȴٿسȻǰȻһ
㡭
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ΪʲôҼң
һ筺ɫŲ֦ĽۣϱȻ󣬿ŲǸͽӵģ㲻кֱӳڱ˵ļҡ
ʵǲò
ȻȻǴСҲǽģ㣬Ҳǲüͷ
Сã£ûжġ
Ȼģ΢΢ڣ̽ŵյѣֶŮ
ϣǺӰװֵģɰ
ұһ𣿡
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ߣǸ˺˵ĺܶԣϸôҪ飬Ҫǲǹϵ׺Ļ򲻻֪ġ
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Ȼ֮󣬱㽫еĺǰ˹ȥ
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ǸȻǲ̫ӣȻ֪Ҫ
ȻŬҪɿĶסȻ죬κȻҪԸһ
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˰
ˣ
Ȼĺòװּٶ׷׵ĸԴĵط

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лˣջкӵϵЦŵĳȻ˰֡
ΪҪߺһѵ飬û뵽Ȼļ򵥣ȫԼ
Ȼ
һУҪ鹦ǰСõĴҲõôס
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ҪߣЩ׷׵ĴӸԵķгЩּҵˣĿţһ֪˭֪ʲô飬Ǿû취ı顣
룬ĵʱĨɫȹٻӰֵķɿ죬ûעʱ˲佫ǺӸ˹
һϵеĶ׷׸Ϲּҵ˵սľ
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ةѾѸߣ˼ɼ౾Ͳãڼ˾յẢӵʱ򡭡
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ɫࡣ
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ոԼ̫ˣ
Ϊ˺һܼ򵥵飬⵹ãû˹أת֮ͱǸˣ
ʲôط

ܿģ̬
ǱԼעʱȥô

ң
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Сֺαôţ
֪ģǱ˻Ϊ⺢أ
Ȥֻñ亹𣬸ǻɵýʶؽӲǳҪʲô
ﲻԷĵط
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á
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һǻҪҧ飬ǼǴмô仰ģϽǼҡ
򣬲ҪҶ㶯֣
Ŀǲϵʱ򲻵ûаη壬ϵЦˣ㣬ǶˣҲʶô꣬ôҾʹɫأ
ôģʲô
һܰ⺢Ӹ˲ɣ
ЦЦǼϲ£ŴǰĽ㡣
㿴㣬ǰʱϣÿ

1630ºӱˣ4

ĻȻ㳰ģ˵ˡ
ÿμʱԼģɲӰòҲɲӰ֮顣
ǰͶ֮ÿһ续űĿǣ
ǰòԾڳĻʹǸʺֻģ
˵òŰ˷ƣֻȽֻҪ˼ᣬ
ǵҲ޷Ժеһڻʹмֻʱĳ
ʱֻ˯Ũǰڴ֮ϣǧ˿δκεװΣôɢƵϣЩңӰ
ŰƴСϣµٷɣҸ繣Ǿġ
ԭΪʱѾܾˣڿഺٵֻʱʲôഺ⼸ֻ֣ĿҲǼ
ЦӯӯĿڣǽŲȴһڱƽǳ׵Ķ·
Ľϸĺӻڰȫĵط̧֮Ȼȥ
飡
ͨͨ
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ҶҲôͱٻˣ
ĻȻû˵ȴѾʾʮ㡣
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ڲһˡ
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ǾǵŸԼвİѱ
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˲ּҵСԺ֡
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Ȼļǽеϸ˯ޡ
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ӡ
ϸžɫϣ峺ˮīǻţ֮棬ǳʲô飿
ΪʲôǶشң
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һֱֵַĴּң³֮ṳ̂Ű벽Ҫ˵˭ҵĳ˹ˡ
׷ʲô鰡
ͨ
ϸҪվ濴ǷʲôκԼһ˫ôҲʹ˼֮˲ӴϹ

ϸһҽУϧ̫СȫĴסˡ
֮䣬ǽϸͷ죬µѪҲȾ¿㡭
飡
ּȺŸ˹ϵı˲˼֣ҲԽ
Ҫ
ֱӸıս֮ǰֱӶﶯ֣ڷ־ŵ˵ʱ򣬱ֱӶִﻳеĺˡ
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ꡪ
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ﻳбŵĺӣҲǱûߣ
΢죬һҪǰȥߵĺӸϧ
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Ҫô㽲ҪĶõ͵ҵǰҪô͵Ÿ⺢ʬ
ҵֶ֪ģҡ
Ŀ𺣬ǴмЩģֻΪҪҵҵĶ˭ҵĺûȤ

1631¸ʱ䣡

ʱ䣬ֻʱ䡣
ʱڣұ֤ӻᱻչ˵İװֵġ
ʱ䣬㻹ûҪ飬ôǸʱ⺢ӵҾͲܺ㱣֤ˣ
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ꡪ
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ة
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㣡
ةȻ˲䳯ϸķ˹ȥּҳ׵ҳһ࣡


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ʹС
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СŮ޵ңʺﻹδӣ
ū澲ǹģ
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ô̷ڻʺߣȴûһܳµģȻûʺеôȴδļ󣡣
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޵ԼںˣϹҲŽƢȻǰá
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ȫҪ᣿
ǻˣ
Щ˻ûأ
ɲôˣ
ңϹɫģ㶼ڿЦ

ȥչ˻ʺ󣿣Ϲָ޵档
еĹ˳ϹƳ嵽޹棬Ϲת޹ˡ
ǶģʹʮֵȥʺʺеĻʲộЩҲٻˣ
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Ȼһ仰֮޵ߵЩֺ͹Ů
ϧµʵǳЩ˵Χ֮ڡ
µӱͽ󣬴ǰةฮʱȻֻǸŮΪƹּҵļҲǽʳġ
ֻ˼Ʋ߸ˣ⵱ȨҲûбֻռֱӽµС
ǲ˵ˡ
Ҫȴǰˮ顣
Ǽ޸ϹϹµĺǻ
ϹΨһĻʺԴӼ޸Ϲ֮󣬱㱻Ϲ棬֮ӸǳΪչ˵Ķ
ǡǡ绹Ǹе鶼Եġ
ĽĽ飬ȻʵȴҲԼı׶˵ġ
ΪӪ̫࣬¸еĺ̥̫ʱҲԽļˡ

1632κ

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££ǧ°ܾҡ
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ϹɫһԺĿܣΪƣǱΪȨ
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Ϲע֮£Ǹص˵ҲǻĴζ
ϹȻǻϣֻҪԵһϷ⡣

1633ûа

¼ûа͡
ҪõͱҪЩ۲УϷ԰æϣûϵĻʺƽͬģҲҪϣӦϷһҪ󡣡
Ǻͨ׶ĻǴص˵Ŀ˵ʱ򣬱ǻ˾Īи
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ֻһ㣬Ϸ򲻵òѻףʺѾѲһһҹˣٲֵĻǵŹһʱ䣬ǻϵѾ˾ҪϷ򽻻ĻҲǡ
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ĸܵĿ࣬˵ʲôҲҲų һߣ
Ƭ̵Ĺ֪ͻȻֲʲô£Ϲȴ˵˾ܾĻ

Ϲ棬Ѿ׵Ľ˿ܾµΨһϣ
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ҵͷǶòԹɫϹ˼ʱ򣬸ǻƱҪ޵ȥ
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1634µҾ

Ϲ˫죬вĿҵͷҾ㣬ȵûºеĺҲգ
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ҪƴڱһֱĬĬķ£˶꣬ͷӶʣˣʲôʸվԼǰ
Ϲҵͷ뿪ıӰȴһӱ˳ȥһŲЩεķ˻ľԲԣиŨŨΣ
飡
Ϲ˫߬ȭͷ޺޵ϣϹҲŴȥµ˸ڼȺ
ˣ
ϹǽĿ޵Ե̫࿪ѯʡ
̫಻֪ϹǸصͷ̸ʲôݣǿ˵ıҲܴŲ³֣ӦͷӦϹæȥȻʺɣ
ֻǲ֪֮便ǴʲôЭˣ
̫нĻش𣺡ػϵĻλѾ޵ĸ䣬Ÿʺ˻Ѩλ֮󣬻ʺ״̬תܶࡣ
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ٿӹǸҵͷʱϹϵЦݺò𣬻δŵЦݣĽǡ
ϹȻףŵĺӳζʲô
ףԼҪ˵ߵ顣
ҹĻĺϣǵ㡣
¶ΪʺƽһλţڽǵڣϹȴϱصؿǰվͷӰĪѹȸϮ
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֪ΪʲôܾͷϺơ
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Ϲ֮󣬸ֶͷתϹŵģɵЦϣ̫ġ
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˫ҲǼпܵġ
Ȼ

1635һҩ

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벻ġ
ô˫ӣҪҵͷҲ˫ӵĻ˫ӱˣ
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Ϲע֮£ҵǸͷһöССĺɫҩ͵Ϲǰ
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˵ʲô
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Ȼ
صͷȻעֻϣ
ܣϹҲûľͷͷ뷨
ڳԶʱóȻȥǱǻĻɣһǶҽġ
ҪǰŪǳЦ
޾ԲӦϹԴǵľܾ
Ϲŭ壬ȻصͷϹǳʱ򣬲ûаֵŭ⣬ϵЦԽˡ
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򲻻ȥ˺ǳʺһϸһ룬ֻһˣȡĻʺ͹ô㣬Ҫѡǰߵġ
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Σ
Σûа취ôġ
ϹôԺǸԽǿҡ
ʣµľҲԽԽС
صͷϹıֿѡΪȻģͲ⡣
ϹԴǵľܾԼǿͷӦûһµʲôط⡣
˴߹ģϻʵ۵ĻλѾձҪԼǻ
ΪڹƱҪǰȥصģҲͬˣʱǰȥŰݷã볯ĻϺͻʺǰȥ
ôҩǿ֪ıǳ ʺʳˡ

1636Լѡɣ

ҵͷصЦţвţȻѡ񲻷ţţҩͲҪϷûѻǻӵ档
СĺӰŸոճʺǷѾǧƽģ
и̵Ļǲǻʺﻹǻûа취ܵİɣ
˻
ԣϹֻûһͷƤĸо
ҩҪǲֻιµĻǱҪιŮ
㲻ҪϷȻϷͻȻĳǰôҪǶĻʺ󣬻ǸճĺӶҲʲô°ɡ
ҵͷЦš
ϹȻصͷ˵ĻǹƣžԵʵˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôǿȴվԼǰƽ͵ĺԼŽ⼸ֱȻʲô˵ܵġ
ڴӦ޵Ļʺʱ˵ҪæĻʺΪʲôֽҩ͵޵ǰ
Ϲǽͷ˵ÿһ仰һһǵҲȻͷǰһ
Ҫǰͷ֮ǰھ˵ĻҪ´ӦһҪ
ôͷ˵ҪҪȥݺֻģҲҪӣ֮ŻῪʼʵʩ
ĻǿԾĳ̶ȸºϹӦԵʱ䣬ļ١
ǲ룬ϹʣͷûаŭصЦݣ㲻ùˡ
ϹҪʱ䣬ͷ᲻֪ôȥϹ׼ʱ䣬֮ھ֮ǰ˵ Ҫ´ӦæǸ˸۷ˡ
Ҫô˵ϹôܴӦʹ죿
ѾˣҲǸͷֶһвϹĳ͵ơ
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ǣ˺ǰ֮ǷҪһѡĻôϹֻӲͷƤǰˡ
ֻҪϷ˵ĻȥͿˡ
ͷڣϵĲɣϷѾĺףôѡǿԼľˡ
ͷ̬ǿƣϹּۻۡ
˵ĻѾ˵ĺˣʣµѡҪϹԼˡ
Ȼа취ºĺƽĵϣҲͬа취ºĺӴʧϢ
Ϲûдͷĵ߻ãһͷĵߣô˶ֵʱͷƱز
Ϊҵĵˣͷ书֮Ͳ˵ˣĻͳǸҲȻ׿˵ģƿ̥ҡ
ϹǿƵͷѾ˰أĴ㣬֪ĽǿҩֻϣͷԻ˵ĶºͺӶ֡
ͷ书̫ˣһֱڰҪƴĶºֵĻϹǷ޿ɷ
İͷ˵Ļҩ¸ֻ¡
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ûа취Ϊ˾±ֻܴӦصͷвˣϹŵ˫ֽҩ˹˵ͷףֻ㲻Ҫºҹ˼Ҿͻȥ˵ȥºҵĹܵ˺ұ㲻ֻǲᰴҪȥѻС㣡
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صͷҲֻӴһ㣬ʲôĲˡ
ҵͷһڴӦ
ǺǣȻ
ϺϷȻѾ˹ƽЭ飬ôѣϷôȥĻʺĹأ
ҵͷˬʵЦʱ㴫޵ϾǺҲһִģҲǾǺӵһϷ򲻻Ե޹ʵȥ˺ȥϷԼ顣
صͷôڣϹҲοˣȴٶȶֻΡ
Բˣҽôҩ辿źֵҩԣʵὫ⿪ˡ
ºͺȱǰûˣǾκεˣûͷİæУ˱㣬ԺҪκεҪȥϹһǣ
ϹĬĬĶֻЩεĻ
ˣϷ㲻ŻϢˡ
⣬ϷãŻʺ쵮˴ϲӣ춯Ǳϲϼϲˣ
Ȼ
㼱٣
˼͵ģϹ»ǸճŮһֵ֮ʱ䶼
ϹɫףվǿеѹסԼķŭĿڣ֪ˣ
ˣϷˡصͷﵽԼĿģҲϹǰʧ
ҵǸصͷߺϹź޺޵ҧ߬ȭͷصôһԵĻľϡ
飡

1637׼

汻֨֨죬κȴɽⲻϹŭ

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ͬʱҵͷϹ֮ȴδ뿪»صºոճĺӵ޵档
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²ͷĳֵʱͷѾԼǰ
˭²ʱȴ۴ȰĿԼбŵӤڸ˵ĶŪźӡ
?ͻȻǰ˸İˡ
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߿ϹרŶģѹ֮Ѿ˵ˣ֮һƽȫΪϲ֪ʲôطһλˡ
˵İæ£Լǰ˰ɣ
ٿصҵͷʱвûжٵ⣬еǸмģȷϣ׾Լǲǰˡ
صͷֻ΢ɨϱһ۱˲佫µ̬Ȼġ
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ǺǵЦӴǴҵͷܻϷĿ¿˵ʺϷǰʺģʺ͹ĸŮһƽϷûʲôĵˡ
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ǸмĿǸͷͬǸͷл
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Ŀ½ŵʿˮʱҵͷŲĿڣʺȻûʲôëǻҪĵһ᳢ʮĿͷ

ô죿ҵͷô˵»ˣЩĿͷ
нİ취
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֮Ϊõµĵطֻܿڣһ߾ȫ
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³ССҩ裬صͷǲɵùһĨȣ⣬¶Ҫ׼ģܲܽϣϹһ˵ϣһǸϹĵҪԼԣûнҩֻ¡

1638ºǺӣ1

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á
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ת룬ʲôط˰ɣԸҲǳе顣
ҡҡͷȥǸصͷĿȰĿԼе˯Ĺ
ŮҲã׶ϹĹѪҲǱļϵġ
ѩĸһúõչġ
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ϹһӣĴݽ󣬴һʼǱϹϹѩ
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СĽϹѩԼĴߣȥ˯˹ȥ
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˶ΪԺ㲻ˣʵȻƳɴڣǽе˸õˣȻͻǻ˼йƼܿƣƳĥ

ұԷ
үλϹҪһѾ߹ͬһͬҵԺסš
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֮ûʲôԣǵ˵ͷȥɡ
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Ҳͬ˵ǸСѾͷƺһط
΢΢ڣԼиոմּĺӣһʱ֮䲻ɵüͷǺӵݸ֪˳ٽӽߣΪŰɡ
һˣ⺢飬Ǽ򵥣ҪŵĻҪֱӱģȲｫε׹ҵǰȻҪͻصҸ˴ŵĻҲǲĵġ
һҵЩҲǰػģ͵͵ؽ⺢ӸˣԼˮһգ
ﳹ׵ĽУ
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֪ݹĺ΢΢Щ죬ֻһ˲䣬ǲʧˣתٶȻ˹ǣү
ūףū㰴ү˵ķԸȥ֪Ϲ֪Сؽеĺӽ˹㳯ҵԺȥ
֪лźӵʱ򣬺Ǵ㵣֪ôˣүô˵
ǲǴӦ֮°ȥĸȳˣ
⻰бŵĺ˭ģ
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֪һȦ֮ͽȻ˸ģ
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عĻүѾ֮ͬһˣȥѸյĹžžˡ
ū澻бŵӣүѵĺӣֻΪһЩԭ⺢ӵĸʱչүҲеģ»չ˺ⷽž顣
ԱŽ⺢ӽǰίΪտ죬Σ
ԼҪ˵Ļ˵˳ڣ֪㹧վǰȴžϡ
ԭǴܾ֪ҪģϾҲûдӣûнӴӣ֪ȥչ˺ӡ
ߣһңڣ޾˺֮ǴҪƣ
Ҳ֪ǴŪôӤҪԼչˡ
ʶģҪܾģǵ֪бŵǸӤ۷۵ģСʱĺĳһ˲㱻ڻһ㡭
ǾܾĻҲ˵ˡ

1639 Ǻӣ2

ʹģ˵ͷǺӵʱֻĿᣬǿδԼеĺӳ㡣
ԥƬ֮վĿڣԣǱ㽻չ˰ɣȻӣȴδˮ
ѡ
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֪СĽеĺӽУҲĿڴĿǸӡ
ɰ
Сÿɰ
ĸΰɣȻ֮ǰôսթôΪĿĲֶΣڵźһ˲䣬ϣϣɢĸԵĹԣԴҲǶᣬ۾Ҳݲˡ
СԹԣ
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һżɣҪ£ʱһúõĴģŵʱͿԺĸĸžˡ
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һ˲Ǵĸоһ㡣
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ҹûкܾõʱ㱻֪ǰԺǹߣչ˺ùͺӣպ󣬱Ȼٲĺôġ
֪Ѱҹ￴źǴӣˮʮֵĳ㡣
еĺҲǺԵһ㣬֪бŵʱ޲ѣһĻȴǰ޽жûУֻǵϵʱ˲ŻᷢЩĽ
ﵱи
ūι˺öүС㣬ֻйСү˵Ĺɶ¡
￴ɵĺӶ̲סſޣղɵø˼ĨΡ
Լõ˿佱һ㣬ɡ
ӳˮֳ֮˯ˡ
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ѩͳһξģͺĸ·յʱ䣬Щ书ǿǰ·𲢲⡣
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ˡ
ɫϲǳЦĳźĴк
ԭǻнģãУȻڿʱ򣬺˲׹
Ѿڳʹ¶Ĵ㣬û뵽ʱͻȻһصŮӵԼǰԼ֮󣬱˵Ҫ
һ֪Ů˾ҪʲôܣκŮ˵йҪظһˡ
֮ı㲻ɷ˵ı㱻ǿеĴ˹
һ·ϣƺĵһֱ֪ǰ;Ǽס
ټϤ֮󣬺ĵĲų׷˶棬еĸǸж֪ˣҵȥģ
С㻹𣿡
ʱū澲֪ȥĶˣżġкĿ첽ǰ֣е´š
ߵôҴңȻͺĸʱ䶼ûС
ĺѾ⿪˱˴֮ĸңǶ𣬺Ҳ֪пԵġ
Ȼڼ˽Լž۵˲䣬ıӿ϶ˣǵʲôطûԼ
ĵСԺ棬õ֤ˡ
ģҲǣʱҲһڻʹĺòá
᲻ᱻʺͻΪѡ
ۿ΢źĵ֣ñط꣬ĸһеϤУðġ
Ĳʱ˯ʱ򶼻ᾯŵģʲôʱʲôͻȻԼӶԼ
ˣ˺Լߣ˯ȵľˡ
˫ĿεĿźģżʹĽţԲģʱʵ̫⣬ȥҵ㣬˵ʱ͵ߵĻᡣ
ߣҲȷܲӵóȥ᲻ᰲȫԲŲǶģҡ
һ˵ʵ
ڹһμʱϤΪΣ᲻ĴԼߡ
ֲ֮ᶯɱԼ
ʵʱҲڶġ
ڶ ϣж󣡣

1640 Ǻӣ3

ҲصͷС㣬ū֪ū֪Сū澵ģ಻ū澵ġ
ūСΣС㡣ؿСߺūڹվɣϺͻʺﲢδū澡
С㲻ҪΪԼġ
С뿪ū֮ʱô
ȻĻոµʱ򣬱㿴˯һԴ˯еӤ
⡭ĺ𾪣С㣬ô£
˭ĺӣ
Сµʱδû뵽ٴž۵ʱȻ˯һӡ
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ǴǸҰæչһ£ġˡ
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˵˵Ҳ鼫õЦЦöúҲ
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ͱ˴˶벻˴ˡ
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Ȼ±ӿܾҪС㣬Ƿū澵ˡ
鼫ãҲ̲סں˵Ц˾ñط꣬и˼˱˴ˡ
˵գƳǴȥС㣡⺢ӻǽūɡ
ūЩҲ̹йӵЩġ
彿󣬴ӿɲһ򵥵飬࣬һΪӶ׵Լ˺˸е̥Ͳˡ
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ڵΪԼҲ˺ӣڶԴСӲûκεĵֿеĺ۾涼һĿɰһҪСȥǻ
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Ҳкӵģô˭ģǺӵòȷЩֻ
ȴƶֻ֪ûС
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Ϊ
ƳǻӰ쵽̥ĽģҪ˺ӣƱҪԼǸһһΪ硣
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ŻʶļӵʱֻǾӺǿɰȴǰ㶼ûлɣûֻ롣
ֻУ⵹ǵȷǸʵ
ǣ֪ǣֻȴи˫ڵģҲ֪Ǹ˫УֻеӤʵ֡
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ֻЩȻĸޱȵľ͸ӡ
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ͲֻϽ
ڵǺˣǰӲ֪ǴŪģǺӵСģѲҪһֱӣ
ö˶˵ԼǰԼ¡
ɱ⡭
Ŀڵ˫˵ʱԾһĨɱ⡣
ҪǾôɱӵĻ
ʲôݣƾźֻüɱܽޣҪӻĺǸֻմ״ʵĹϵǾ͸൱ڱڱֻ

ס˻ĿԥĿźĻбǸӣеһɱܿľȥתãȻ
Ҳ˵˵ӽҪĴŵġ
ǿǺӿ޹ģҲ̲ס֡
ʱ˿̵ޱȵļ尾š
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1641 Ǻӣ4

ʱǴϵԭ˯ıƺǲڿԼʵ˯ۣںĺ֮ǻһ֮󡭡
ֱӿЦС֣Ҫȥ
˵ˣҲǱǺӵĶˡ
ȫǽĸһ
С㡭ĲӣĿעϣƺڿž

ҧŴǣվһ˾ˣǸҸкӻˡ
ĸһ
Ƭ֮䣬ѾٶһĨЦݣǰСĽڴŵı˻С
ѽǵĴ󱦱ѽ
ҿǲˡǺӵķ۵СеĺӸ˵Ц˳


ǺӵϣǺֻЩж
⺢ӵ˭ʲôĿģȻҵǰıһԵ֣չЩ죬һúõĴġ

ֻ棬ϵĺ⣬޲õֻǿǰװֵӤ˵ʲôҲ²ȥǸˡ
ǣ⺢Ӷ
ȻֻദһһҹӺĶ׽ÿÿ˯ѵʱ򶼻ῴЦһûѰ˼Һӿֵķ
һһ˵С
ôԺûôĿ
վ޹ģǸֻ׽йϵɣҲֻĺӣչһʱҲûʲôԵġ
̧ͷĿˮĿǿɰӤģ˵òá
ô뺣ȻǾ˫ͬģã
С㣬Ǿһúõչ˺ӣ
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ĴǺȻ£ҲǺܿ˯϶ûйְ͡
һУվڲԶ֪˸һ
֪ϻ¶ЦݣͺĵķӦ⣬˶ǰ֣Ҳûмˡ


ʹ
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ʱֻƴڻʹ׼ǰ֮УǻΪ۵ѾѸ¡
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ϸĺӶˡ
һȴ书ǿˡ
˵õĺӲˣֻеɲ豭ٿصڵϣʱ㷢죬豭ƬĽͬʱ豭ĲˮͲҶҲŪʪֻ½ǵȹڡ
ǧ㱨Ϣ״ɵɪɪ׳ŵӵĻش𣬡ǡ
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ʣµĻСû˵ˣżǲ˵ֻƴҲӦЩ˼

ԡ
ӦСټ˵ȥǡ
˶֪Ϊʺңةô˳֮͵ĲС
˴ŵȥͼݻʺʲô飬ȴɫҴҵ˹Ӽͬ
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ճĺӱˣ
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ھȥּҿôˣ
ֻЩ겻ᣬǱĿ¡
ּסŵģԼⱲ׽ˣһܵ˺ֻѴ̡

ҪȥϸͺˣͲģҲӦõ˵һдӼ͵ǴӼģӦöһЩּҵİ
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ƴǼ״˰֣ʾǰŵСһ£Լȴǽֻ֣ǿֻ侲
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ƴֻ֪һ㣬ûֻ۾ʵĿڣѾȰο
е鶼ܱģ˼ܣһеķȴǻ벻ĵط
Բܽ⣡


1642 ż

Ҫ˶Լܵ˼·֮ûаⷢˣѾܳΪˣ

ȻͬƴǺƴǵĸǰ˳ᢵˣȴʧǰʱֺοֻСŮأ
ƴǽֻ֣ͼȥԼ˫ůֻ壬ֻ
ңûעǸոǰ㱨Ϣʱ˵Ļ
ƴϱأü˼ֻƴ㻰ȴãȻ̧ͷƴǡ
ע⵽ʲôһ˼˵ϸּҵЩ˵ϣûȥϸ˵Ļʲôϣֻʲô©
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ǰ֮ǰ޵ʱҲһͻȻֻ֣ǵʱֻҼʱؽг˿ڣûʧ
ʱƴֻǲĵˮ©
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ֻƴǻΪǸӲٶˣΪǱϾѾˡ
ֻƴΪǸ˺һģѾĿģµ㲻Ҫˡ
û뵽ôʱ䣬ǸͻȻ֣ϸĺӣһпҲɡ
ʵȷʵԤı
ƴǻЩııͬһˣΪͬһ飬ֻǶʱ֮ڣΪǸ˽Ӵ٣Ҫ֪ĿЩѡ
ҪȻѾ͸Ǹ˵˼ôжͱü򵥵Ķˣ
ΧƵĵط޷ǻʹ޹ּõĺӡ
ƴ۾ٵİæֻŷǸɣĿּҵĽϡ
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ǡ
δֻشƴǱֱҷԼ
ƴԭ뷨ǾãǸص˿ǶֻֻϸȽϸȤȻո˵˳ƴǱͻȻ뵽һҪ顣
ڵּЩ˲ֻֻúة࣬ǻһҪˣǾǡ

ƴͻȻ֮ǰѩʱͲֹһ˵ЩߣҪСĽš
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вŵ£书ҽˣûǰľףȴҲƽġ

ѰֻҲйôôţûټֻѾˣ
δ̫ˡ
ΪֻˣƴҲ̫ĸͲֻ֣вˣڲŻ
֮ƴҲ㲻òֻ̹ˡ
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˵֪ô£ֻƴǵĻ֮ɵ𾪣ĪģֻȴޱȵĽš
֪ƴǶȻʱͬԼЦƴǸаյˣѾֱܹ׵ͬԼ˵ȻѾһЩɣЩ˿ġ
ĪֻֻĳһŵģƴĿȴǸԼĺվ
ƴǵڴ֮£ֻص˵ͷ
ãǾȻּҰɣҲҪȥϸ꣬úõİοһ£
µҲֻܰƴ飬Ȼƴ˵İ취ȥˡ
ֻԴҳһţѹͲ֪Ӧôźá
ƴǻŸе侲ʱǱֻԼеС
ûнİ취ֻ һҪһةฮģҪȥϸ꣬Ȼֻǲ̤ʵ
ȻƴͷŸոհֻֻȶû뵽ڰػƴǵȴͻȻ㱨Ϣʧȥ˿ơ

1643 º۾

ӹ˳ȥʱȴͻȻڰ¸ǿеץס졣
˵ʲô
˵һΣ
µѪ˿ĿĿ޲һڽǸСȥ
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󡭡ˡ
ּҳˡ
˵ǻʺøµĺӶˡ
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Сɵýŵһĭȴǿ֮£òԼոڹ˵ٶµǰظһ顣
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СȻſڴڵĿţȴǺò׵˿УŵĨͣûʲôС˱ˣ
ټˣһж̫ˡ
Բпܶ
Ҫ뿪һҪ뿪
С治ͣظ仰ǽŵ磬֪ģΪṦ˾޴ĽأʵֻΪҪϽǷ֮ص£Ǳ
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Ҫȥϸ꣬Ҫȥϸꡭ
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뵽ʱ˿̵ϸ澿жʹͺ¡
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ʱ˵ʲôҪȥϸ꣬Ҫȥϸ߰οϸ꣡

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ǧԥſһۣû׷ȥȴѸٵõ޵ֻͬƴǻ㱨µ
ӣʺңѾּ֪Һϸ飬Ѿ۾صּˣ֪ʲô鷢
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ةȻǵġ
ϸ꣬ôԼҪģȺúõչ˺ԼɣȻģ»Ȼ۵ġ
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ҪԼҪֶȥϰһչСӣҲͲὫӽԼϣǸ˻ģ
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Ҫ֣ҲӦùǸߺӵɱǧ˲ǣ
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¸ֱӿ粽ϸǰ
ϸ꣬ϸꡭ
¼ĺϸ֣ǷϸļǿϸͬԼӡ
µɫľȻϸվЩķӦعǹеĿ⣬ǵϸʹ޳
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һӱϸеļֳ׵ıҲҲֹס˳
ԲҲãûܿסǵĺӡ
Һûá
ϸƴĴԼӣʹģԭͳ˱Ӹʧ䣬ĿڴǱʯͷסһܡ
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1643 ׳ʲô£1

ԭŮʱӹŹһ⣬ϸôؼʱԼ˵ʲôҲ߼ϸߣϸġ
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˼Ƭ֮ڻش𣬡ϸѾƽˣȥɡ
£ٵĴߴ٣Ҫֻ֧
û֮ǰƴڹֻ˵ЩֻĻ֮󣬱ԥؽпϸꡣ
ΪƴǶԼŵкֻҲȷжǷֻǰ׼
ڣڴߴԼЩ濴ϸ꣬Ҳȷżϸֻ꣬ȴӰδǾվԺĿ⾼Ŀ
ǲʲôǣֻվûסеʽ˵˳ǳʲô飿
Ǹϸ˭
ǲʶ
ȻʵֻüۼıȴѾ˵ѾƶǺǸϸĺӵʶġ
ô£
ʱﻹԼһĬĬĳе飬ͻ̹ȻͬѰҳİ취𣿡
ֻ˫峺ˮīĿֿ
ǵʱֻҲʮţﲢǻˣǴĵͶϸĹƭ˵ġ
ֻĸܵõĹذһʲô飬Ϊ鵼вѵĿԣԲһֱûкԼ̹׵ģ
׵ˣ֮仹Ļôδ£ֻǼ΢Ŀ
ղࡣ
ϸĺӱˣϸ˵ǸĴǶ˵ĥǰζϸܵġ
ΣиոǽԺʱǸĿľȻֻһֲõԤС
òײҵôһˣòײ뵽ĸһĹػϸ˵ĸףֻ˵Ҳͬġ
ֻϣκε⡣
ǵΪϸãΪܾҵϸĺӣҲӦԼ֪龡֪ܺƴ취
˶ҪùԼһĬĬĳУ¾սҪõĶࡣ
ֻ֣˵ʲôҲϷſ

1644 ׳ʲô£2

һԵƴҲ򴽣ͷȻƴǵ̬ȺֻһģҲϣܽе鶼̹׵˵

һ˲ԲߣҲȷǶԸõİ취
Ȼ
ֻһˣǵԴнϸĺӸ
ⱾͲһ˵Ĵ
Ǹǣûһеɡ
ҡ
￴ִֻֻһʱЩȻۿǿŵˮҲվһ̳ܲסĵ
Ǹˣҵˡ
ɳƣ˵仰ʱȴǽֻƴıɫ
˻
ҵˡ
ѹ֡
书ôߣС
ƴǵԺиͻȻ֮ǰһѩҵʱˡ
ǸʱͲֹһεѹ
ܡ
ҵʱﻹصʧһʱ䡣
ǸʱƴǺ˴˻˽⣬ƴǵҲǶ˵Ļɵġ
ٹر滳ɣ֮е顣
Ȼҵϵһƴ˵ʲôŵġ
ϾҪѰڣҪķһģֺοһŵŮӡ
˵Ǹϸ꺢ӵҵ֮ƴǱȻףԭ㵱۹һ㶼ûϬȻһӱ㿴ϵĶߡ
ʧһʱ䣬ȥģȥǸ˵Уϸ꺢ӵҵˡ
￴ƴǺֻϵı仯ĿЩԶڻŹȥһ㡣
żڣ˵ѾȥܶˣҺǸҲʶ˺ܶˡ
Ǵӽ֮ߵʱʼ˵𡣡
Ǹʱϼҵ˶ȥѰҽ䣬Ҳ⡣
ﳤ̵ĽëȶϵıأȻʱǰŽߣǶڽȴ޴ӵ֪ҵҲϣҵġ
Ͼ㲻ţվҲǽã˴֪˴˵䣬Ļž۵ʱ̡
Ȼȴûҵ㣬ӭǸŽĶ׹˵֪䣬ҪҰһæ֪ҽĴڡ
ʱҺļǲΣգֻ汻вȣӦҪ󡣡
ʱһЩŶǸķߺޡ
ǲ룬ӦҪ֮ȴʼˣûиҽģǼҪ󡣡
ʱͲ磬ϲҲûţŻ׾ٵϵټ϶ԼĹģ˺ͿҲ֮Упԭġ
ô꣬˴ССĽвңʱҵȷǻᰴҪȥһЩ飬֮ܶұֱӲˡ
˸ǰյĹٶţҪҰѰҶҾܾٶȳڼϸĺӡ
˵ʱӯܿóĽź߬˫ƺǸоʹһ㣬ָǶҲδɿ
Ҹ뵽һĳˣô˵ͷڱҾܾ֮ȴΪԭǽ˼ϸϣ
û뵽ǸȻ飬Ϊ֮ǰҲǾܾ
ֻǸʱǹһˣֻ书ֲ
ûа취
һˣųԼ˾ȻȻı㽫˼ϡ
вﲻҲͶİյķԸԹȥ
һĽ
ȻƴƺǴЩ̸֮ص㡣
ƴü һĽüšţҲǶ˼̽ˡƴðиҪ
֪ǸһμʱҪʲô
ԣϵĿվǶƴǺֻû
ȥϼҼǰ
˻
ﻺ˵Ļ֮ƴǺֻȴıɫ
ֻĸ׵вｫǸϼҼǰ
ǸʲôĴڣƴǺֻ֪
һɺֿɱˡ
Ϊֲߣҿӣֵ׷ɱʵȴұ飬ܲһ书õˡ
ˡ
ȻԤııϼҼǰ
ʣµ飬ûϸ˵ƴǺֻҲġ
ҵЩ˵ıˡ
ǡ
ҵЩˣΪʲôֻ֪ĸ׵䣬ΪʲôҪҵͷϡ

1645 ׳ʲô£3

ֻֻԼĳһţһͷԺк֮ÿÿֻҪȥǸͷʱ
ǸͷȴͻȻʧ
ÿζֻôһ㣬ʵż
ƴǣʼձų侲ĿֻϵľƴǵͳдԵڶ
ô֪ɷ֪ҪѰһʲô
ֵǰĻ˼
ƴǼü׷ʣҪ֪ǸصҪѰҵĶʲôȻƴֻܺǸҵĻ
 ˺Ǹ̸ĳ룬򡭡
һжֻǿ̸
Ŀ⸴ӵĿƴǺֻһε׹
ε׹
ֻͷһƴĿġ
Ǹǽġһ仰Ǳ˾һ㣬˵̺ϢȴҪȸոʱ򣬸˾ñը
ǽ͵ġĿǸӡ
Щ飬ǺĿ˵ġ
Ǹ̲̫ߣȴΪܸߣЩĸ
򽻵Щ꣬ҲǶٵ͸©һЩҺϢ
һ䡭
ǽģ
Ҳ˵εĵ׹Ķ
 ȴ˵׹Ǹٵʦģô
ʯ֮䣬ֻͻȻһ˲Լ֮ǰҳһŵ˼ˡ
Ҳ˵׿ûҡ
û˺ܶ࡮׳٣
硭
еǸʦһִ湬
ٱ硭
ǰܾͷҵܺҰģŬȥƻ

ȻֻʼնûмﱾˣȴʼնйԺ¼
ü
˵ľȴǿŮӰɣ
֪Ϊʲôһ̵ֻȻĪļҲǴŹġ
ԣǻɽҵ˵ˣ
ֻʱ϶ĵ˵ͷȻǸ֪ܲ㵽ʲôطõĶȻҲǼġ
ߡ
öε׹֮
һɣʧٿ϶ǺҵŹϵģԣҲŻǸŽס
ｫԼޱ˵˳
֪ԼﱻҲԼ˼ġ
˭Ҳ˵˭Ĳԡ
ҵˣⲻ飬ôֻҪԼĽӴһᱻʱ˳ϵҵˡ
Ȼ
ô֮ȴͻȻԼ뷨Ǵġ
Ǹǲ䣬ǾǸҲǲ֪ټ
֪ЩʲôطżȻõ˵ģֻͷ۲ѡ
Ժвʱȴǰƶľֱܾ˵ˣҪôҪôͱҪٰ¡
Ϊ֪Ͳ֪ģͿԽɹıƵƿˡ
û뵽ǸȻЩʱӲ̫ʹЩʱȴǺ
Ρ
Ȼ뵽ϸճĺвԼԼû뵽飡
Ǹ
ﳦӶҪˡ
ԼôڷΪߵĺǸɴ䣬Ȼȥ
ｻ˴ǰĹ֮ƴĿ⸴ӵĽǲε׹ĴĿڴ˳
ƴеöε׹ҵĿҪҵı
һʼı͵ߣִ棬潻ֻֻ ƴǡ
һϵеĶתת
˵һȦԽص˺صһ
˲ȥ̾˵档
ƴǽǲε׹˳ʱϲɵһĨţƱ㽫ǲε׹ǿ˻ȥƴǵߡ
򲻿ɡ
Ҳ˵ǸǸսթˣ᲻ʵİԼδ֪ε׹Ҫ
ҵҰľͻޱı¶ʱǣģ㲻ֻһˡ
Сһ٣ĿƴǣڵĹƳ棬ε׹ѹԲܰȻһҪ뿪ε׹ĻǺ᲻ɣ
ֻ֪ƴǷѹԵĽҩ֮ﵨսľҲ֪Ǻûǻ
ԣƴǵŲε׹˹ƳĶڣƴûʲô쳣û˵ġ
ƴҪǽε׹ĽǸĻܾܲȻϸĺһδ֪ƴǵͬҲҪеŷյġ
룬Ȱ˵֮£ƴȴǽĽǲε׹ץģĿĿ˵֪

1647 ȡְɣ

ǰǶǸݺĿһ֪Ϊ书߳ƴǺֻֻܴڱĵλ
ֻĿǸһһεĳԼǰȴ޼ƿʩ
ڲһˡ
֪ҪҲȨԲε׹ԽҲʹƴǺֻ˵ĻԽзⷴһ£
˼ǡ
ɵĿƴǣͻȻƴǻеĺ壬ͻȻú
ε׹֣
ƴڵ˫ͻȻҲǸ֪ôϵǸ
ڣֻҪǸʣµ㽻ɣ
ƴǰŵģҲǻĵͷ֪
ô꣬Һ֮ǰϵġ
Ӧû䣡
ƴüǺãǾˣ
ǸֱӵҾˣƴǱĴ΢΢һĨȣֻļģͼֻο
ֻ״Ҳǲɵһ֪ƴǵѾ⡣
˿ĸоĺܺá
ü֮粢ûн⿪ֻǿ첽ǰָסˣĿڣȻƴ˵Ѿ⣬ô㽻ƴɣҲٵˡ
ߣƴǵļƻɹǸ˵Ĳǻʱɣ
Ҫа취ġ
ֻͼﲻҪɵ£룬˽⣬֮ڣϸĺӦûʲôΣյģ԰ɣ
ǻʱȥ飡
ǧҪʲôɵ£һˣʲôһһ취ġ
ֻ˵֣أǽŵĿǰصģֱҲȥʲô嶯֮£ãվǱִֻźͼָˣֻ˫֣֪İɣ
»зִģ
ǧпֻΣֻȻֵֻԼ飬ϸ꣬Խ㣬Ϊˣ
Ƚȥϸ°ɣ
ֻ֮תĿ峺ĿƴǣºϸҲӦúżġ
á
ƴǵ˵ͷֻһͬ»ص档
ȻȴԶԶҪԼеĺõĶˣ²ûڻʹʱǰĳ嶯żǻİοϸ꣬ʵĽֻһһ
ȻҪҲŷĻ³滹Ҫѿơ
ϸꡣ
ϸȻƽֻǰϸĴ齱ߡ
ϸ껺תֻ֮ߵһˣ㡣
㶼֪ǴҶżӦ㣬ǧڿˣҪڿȥ۾ӶҪ꣬ҲϣԼһˣֵܽöûаɡ
Ҳϣҵ˱ȴΪԼ޷չ˱
ֻİοϸ꣬ƴȴǳϸʱ˳ȥ
ӣҪ˵ˣĸߺӵ˾ô书ǿ»ȥҲһҪɱغӣϸ걨𣡡
ո̤ţµϱǾȻĹƴǵǰ
ƴǺʯһ˫ĿģȻģֻɳƵڣ
ӣѾѶ˵ʲôıģ
ȴƴǣΪƴǴȰ˵ԼȲҪ嶯Ȼ
ôܲ嶯
ǿ׹Ⱑ
һ۶ûпͱ˸ˣ
¹ƺĺ⣬ǷǣܾҲϧ
ƴǳδ˵ǧǿ㼱ٵģĿڣϸǰһ֪ԼŭôӵǰȴԽûнˣ
ӽ㣬Ȼӵģ
ԣٿ̧ͷƴǵǾϲӡ
ڴĳƴǿڣȴƴǽ˵Ļȷ׼ģֻǣҪһŬ
书ǿƴǲа
ҪԶ֣ɷȴǰ㶼ٵģһãǱǵϸĺΣյˣ
ֻҪܾԼĺӣ»ȥ¶ĸԸֺοƴǵķԸȥһЩ׼أ
ⱾӦ飡
Թ޻ڣ
ӷԸ¹ĹƴǵǰһϺڴ
ǧĿ⾼Ŀƴǣȴƴǵİ취
лعڹ׼ǲĻǸϸ꺢ӵĺˣϾˣƴǱ΢΢һĨȡ
ͻȻתŻĿ£ȡְɡ
ֶܲûС

1648 Ȩ1

ƴǵĻ֮һ˲΢΢ɣǺܿ죬΢ʪѾ˵Уû˼ʱ䣬ƴ˵Ҫȡֵʱ±㾶ԵĿڣ
ι
ºϸԺӵĽΨһξܻһ޾ڡ

ƴǺǧɵظ¸ո˵֣Ʒζһ֮ĵͷ֡
Ժιˣ
ӣȥϸ֮иع»Ȼƴǹ˹֡
ƴǵͷϸⱾ֮Уȥɡ
ֻǡʱĻĴ˳
ĵة໹һȻЦŵȻ۽ǵˮɵѾͷ¶ôܹء
㻹С÷֮֮е飬Ҳû뵽
ͲȻȻĲԾҪȥĻҲǺ⣬ֻ֪ȻѾþȫȥСˣϡ
ǸɺޣҪ׷εĻҲЩĲãûܼʱķ
úչ˺Լ͵С鲻õģͻһ취һġ
ֻİοЩæ¹ӻҪæµЩ֮󣬱úõѡһûкʵķѡ
ֻѾþöûϸĴȻˡ
ȻˣӡǸɬСȻģҲԽı־ͤͤ
ʱ˵һˡ
º͵ʱ򣬶Ѿϲѡ
ôʱദֻȻûʲô̫ĸ飬ʶģҲǽȻԼãңô궼һֱȻة߾ТȻҲ Ӧõġ
Ȼ۽ʪ󣬿ֻȴ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ֻȻͻȻԼ£ƺǱ˵һȻһʱ֮Щ˼ˡ
㡭
ȻٿĿ⣬ȥֱֻ
ֻȴЦȻԴˣȺúõչ˺ϸ㣬µ鲻ҪѡҲ߽㣬ʱġ
á
ȻֻůֻҲ˼׽
Ȼة֮ƴǺֻͬǧµ˱»ص˻ʹ棬ʱҲǰ֮ǰֻƴõļƻȥ
ҹɫŨ
ּҵǽԺ档
һ£ϱأųһ֮󣬲һһӰǳǰŨŨҹɫ
Ȼ
ʱ۾ŵĿȷûˣЦŵĻǰ˵ϣҵ˭أ
ԭﰡ
ôͨˣ
ԽҹѾˣ㰴˵ĻȥȻŶƽĽ𣿡
ĿüۼĵǺ֮
˫ֽ߬ѹĲŭƽĿڣҪĶҿԸ㣬ֻҪóԲԣ
أ
ﲢûиȦӣֱ˵˵ԼĴ㣺ҪҽҪĶԣҪҿһºӵǲƽôܻ׵Ľӽ㣿
ƶһӹɵģҪǲӣ˵ʣҲǾԲܽҪĶġ
ȷúӵǲƽС
ȷúӵʲôطǽԼҪĿġ
̽Ӵߣô˵ǸӱΧԶĵط˵ʱ䣬ôʹǺǱص˱ȽԶĵط
˵ҵĴӪҲΪ
ģҪƽľȳǸӣƱҪȷλãŷ֣
ǺǣȻֻҪϽңô㿴һۺڣҲûʲôܵ顣ͨˣܺá
ڻش𣺡Σ
ҽǺӴҲҪĶóͬʱԷҪĶڷڰȫλãһȷǶ˫ϣҲõˡѾӦԼҪ󣬺ˬ䡣
ͲҪǸӣǸ˵ûʲôҪ飬ҪĴֻǸε׹ˣֻǴǰˮԼȥһ˵ʲôϸԼǸģԼȴҲ
ֻ֮ôһİ취
ʵúвҲǺǱԼûа취ΪΪܴǸֻܳ²ˡ

1648 Ȩ2

ȻԼͨˣϴӦԼҪôȻҪȥҲԸʹʹĽӽ
˭ܱ֤պ󻹻᲻еطҪǰ
һպ
ġ
ǲһڴӦҪĴ뿪ʱȴͻȻڽס
ˣ㲻ҹȥģҲ㲢Ҫҽֻǽǰýİ취Ͼ˵ĳ̶ϼʧ
ԣͬĵ˵ͷ⵽ȷǡ
΢ü˵õ죬ھͿԸҪĶںεأֻҪ㽫ǺƽµĴҵǰұõҪĶΣ
ԥƬ֮󿪿˵ڲĵĻҿͿǰŵǸĵطȥ顣
㿴ҪҪǿ϶ʧܣ
ƶĿڣɻ
ʲôȻԸǶģ
ȷٶ׷ȷϡ
Ⱑ֮ǰﱻвϸԼӻûǰأȻԸԼǲε׹ںεأ
ôôһӣͲסԲε׹Ŀ֪ıڵԼҲҪðһա
ĿĿ˵ǲε׹ʲôط
΢΢̧ͷĿ⾼Ŀǵ׹ڳƴǵϣţǰȥ
һ֪١
˻
Լ֮󣬲ɵõһϵıζǺЦ
Ȼڡ
ʵۣƴǵϣ
ƴǣҲŵġ
ٳ
ܣ⣬ܰհ
Ȼмһʱ䣬׻ưƣչǶԼеĽɽ
Ҫǡ
֮˵ƴǵ¼ΪŹƳԭ
类Ķ󣬱ҹ뵽֮ڡ
ͬģϵƴǺҲǱҵĹע
һֱϿϼҼİæ֧ϰϼҼȥϼҼˣʵȴٿϼҼϼҼԼŹƳĿġ
ͬʱڱ磬ҲͺֱӲϼҼûʲôˣΪһһϣΪƶ˵ȻǶЩڲϢָơ
ǸʱƴǵĴڵʱ͸ӺܺƴҲһԵˡ
˵ƴǵĴڵʱһҪѰһúõĺƴǽһͬΪصĺ˭ҪӳһЩڤڤ֮оȻаš
ı㽫˵ĹϵϵһôҲ벻ҪҵĲε׹ȻᶵתתĵƴǵС
ѹôߵֶ
Ȼˣ
ƴҲˣ
ｫ㼤;ȵı鲻źۼؿ۵ףĿڣҲΪʲô֮ǰԸԭ򡣡
֪ƴҵֶŮŹƳģҵĸǲε׹ùĻҪΣյС
ҲΪ֪ҽȥһƽ޹ʵˣһˣѾƴ˵˺ӵ飬ƴҲԸ⽫ǲε׹ϣΪֻǱǺһƽ
ģĿ֪ģҪ˵㣬;˺ǺӰ֣㾡ȫ֮ҲȻҪͬҿ⵽ס
ӦǳһټŵǺƴĻڲƴ֣Ҳͬʱ޷鷳ܻ˲أǲں㿪Ц
ϱأ˵Ļһһ𺳣ȻԼ˵Ļƣʵ
ҪҼɵĹʵǶĸҶ֣ػǴ۷ˡ
ĹУΪɵıǳ
ƴǷ˺ݵҪҵ˹ȥôʱһЩͶҪؿ
˼Ƭ֮ǺʵĿڣһģҵȻףұûҪ𣬸ûҪǺӵֻƾʲô˵ҽǺӴƴǾһὫε׹תң
һϺõһȦףҪװǣ
ߣϲûǸҪĲε׹һжֻǺ߳ˣҪŪһٻңǳ˴
ҲʮֵľСġ
ȻҪǸε׹ҪûʮİյĻҲôɵôװ׵ȥ׸

1650 ȥ֪

ǶȻһֱ֮˵˵ԽŻһȥƴǣȷߵĲε׹ǲҪġ
ǲε׹滹Ǽ٣ѲԼҲֱ治𣿡
üĽĿҡҡͷ
⵱ȻᣬԼҵĲε׹ԼֵܷģֻҪԶԶĿһۣұ˲ֻ
ǼҵĲε׹أɶ칤ϿûеڶڶöǼҲε׹һģһˡ
Ȼƴı£ȴ޷׵ĽǵĲε׹ơ
￴˼ģڣԲ滹Ǽ٣ֻҪ㿴һ۾ˣҲ滹Ǽ٣㿴һܴ֮Լеˡ
ƾղ²ҲûʲôãҲûбҪ㿪Ц
㿴֮ǲε׹Ҫģǲܰռƻ˵ٶҲ˵԰ɣ
ʣһһĻش𣬶Ҳû̫ı仯
ϸĹ۲һ˵ļпģü˼Ƭ̣ĿƵĿڣãȻˣұһΡ
ϾȽ֮£ȽںǺӵ
Ŭڴϵı仯´һεıԼĴжϡ
Ҳǲε׹ҪҪҲᵢ޷ǾҪһЩʱȥѰңҵļƻҪƳ١
Ҳô꣬ҲѰ˲ε׹ô꣬ٵȥҲ޿ɺǡ
ļˣ綼ˮʯһ졣
ͲһˣǸӾֻһΪûаҪȥĻǺӵһӶɡ
ôе
ˣһϵʱ˵ʱ΢΢̧أЩȻı鿴˫ĿЩĵĿڣô˵ˣҪǱҷƭҵĻͲҪҶǸӲˣ
вš
Ȼ
вûκε
ȷһʧ֮ӰȻʧǰĳŻʹȥ
￴ȥıӰɵĿأи̲סૡ
С£
һƽİӻġ
һᡣ
̬ƶֱӰ׵ʧ֮ڣӰҲʧںҹ֮С
ڴʱʹ֮ڣƴѾǲɢеˣֻһڽǵǾĵȺҹԼռƻǰ
Ȼ
ù֮ƴȴĨӰҲȻõ޵֮ڡ
ƴװɲδֵģڻľۣӰҲǻش̤޵ƴǵǰ
üĵĿǸ߸ϵƴǣͳڽǵĪЩն
ε׹Ҳ𣿡
ֱ˵˵Լ⡣
ԣڻľԱߵƴ֮󻺻̧ͷĿƵشϡ
ԼʮͣȴΪˣֻʮģټ书ǿ˿źᣬȫҲµĺۼ
ʱƴǴͬʱҲĴƴǵϣأƺ˭Ҳǲм˭ġ
ȿڣε׹ʲôط
ֱ˵˵Լ⡣
ʶĸоɣܾƴǵܲһΣյϢҵġ
µʱ̫ãֻ߳ʲô©ǻԼ
ֻһ£Ǿҵε׹Ȼ취ε׹õУһԲˡ
黹ǺԼûйϵƴһ㶼ںֻǾҵЩ̻̫īسɹ棬̫Ŀˣ
Ҫ͵͵ȥЩ顣
ʲôµģ
ұǴػ塣
֮Ҫ¸٣ҲǸõõĽɽҪ˱͵͵
ǰΪҵĵǣǱȺȺ˲أ򲻹Ĺ
Ҳˡ
û취²òͷ
ʱѾ㹻ϢžԵĲƱûʲôµˡ
ɢɢҲƱ׾ٵб齨һ֧ǿľӣҿԶڻʳ׶Ĺ·
ۼֿɵõĻλҪõˣƫƫǿüȴŵĻλôıҵЩ̸黰ЩֻԶԶȴ޷ˣ
治֪ԴĶʲô
ֹһҪͬЩ϶ۣû취Щ϶ǵ书̫ˣ˵һģźܸߵĵλԼЩ϶ִҵЩϺ͹µĸ֮󡭡

1651 ˵ʲôܱ

ô˵ɾǸˣ˵ʲôˡ
ôȴܴ˵뷨Щ̣ǴҪԼԣ
ǽߣ
ǻҵε׹һеͲˡ
á
Ҫҵε׹
Ҿң
˭˭
֮£̨˼˲ε׹棬û뵽һҾôꡣ
ЩüĿˣǻȥһЩΣգҲҪġ
ƴĻ֮΢΢̧ͷŵҲǴ˻
ȻǴҵү̸²żơ
ƴǵĿƽ֮䣬ȴǲźۼؽһǸˣǿѹԼеϲãģĿƴǡ
ǳĻϣĿȻϬȻһӱϳҵݡ
ƴǸԼ㹻棬ôҲǲǣ̧ٵòԵġƴǣӦ飬˵ĿûеļͷƣһѺõķʽϽУСı˴涼⡣
Ȼˣ֮ҲҪ̫Ŀףɡ
۾ͳҹ𣺡Ѿˣҹġ
ҶǺӵȤûУҪôʼûܰҵҪĶҲڻ²ߡ
ƴϵı飺ʵ˵˵ʵҶǻǺӵΪҲʾмֻҪܴﵽĿģǲмҪǿеѹ˵ǰɣ
µôܲʵѾƴ˵ʵ
֮ԳڻʹҲпƴһͬľ֣Ϊ˾ǽԼƭ˹ýƴǵԸԼ
ǿƴǵ߲ûȻƴǵĻмֿŶȵġ
˵ʱҪԼͽòε׹Ǻӵ
Ҳûонֱ˵˵Լ˼
Ȼƴ̹䣬Ҳǻǰ
Ȼү̹˿ôƴҲȻûĵʵѾңҪҵĶҲҵϣҿø㿴
ƴǻǰǲε׹ȱУֱ͵ǰ
ε׹ֲɲ˵õģҲǰѰϵ
ĻǷյģһۿܿ
ĿⴹѵĿƴеǿε׹иޱȵļȣҪҵǸҵĴ֮
ƴŵĶġ
ĿƱҪֱǰƴеöС
ƴȴͻȻջ֣ˮɣʱպãϵòӲһԡ
ָоǴ䵽˵һģ
ƴĿصĿһӦڣүھʹ㶯Ļ²Ǹǵѡ񡣡
Ҳ˵ʹƴǵĵ̶ǲԱû˰æĻƾƴǵıҪ˭ʤ˭δ֪һûʮİյ顣
ĺˣôκεĴۣǺҲԲýõԼҪõĶĲ˵ĻôƱҪƴǣҲˡ
ǺԼûаô
ƴǺͳȴǸзĴڡ
ֻ˲ĹѾȨ⣬ǵѡ
ѡԹԵĽӸȥ
ƴǵʱʹթĵصǷڻʹĻһոõε׹ʱƴǾץ½ǲε׹ˣ
ǿɾ͵òʧˣ
תķɿ죬ƴǵҲǴżֺɣϵȷǸʮĳ⣬εĵ׹Ҳȷġ
ǣĵصڹȴǲĵģϾĵ̣Ҫʲôǰϵ⣬׸𣿡
ҲǸɵӣôױƴǺָơ
ǲε׹̫ҪɵӣҲӦôʮֵľοҪÿ趼˼λһʧ
ԣֻƴ˫īһ˫Ŀⲻ˼֣ʱҲǶ˼ζȴδܾҪ󣬶˳ĻڣԣΣ
üĽ۴ƴǣ֮ŻĿ˵գҽǺӴĻʺŲε׹ʹʮصĻĵҲκε˸š
ҾɱǺӡ
ϵıͻȻƴǵʱҲ

1652 Ͱ˵İ죡

һȦ˵УҲֻǸֻǲ书ģε׹ƴǵУֻоͲһˡ
ͺЩ˷ڣԼЦˡ
ƴǻ̧ͷĪЩɢź⣬ֻΪҹɫŨ޵ûٵƻûбע⵽
ƴǵ˵ͷá
Ͱ˵İ죡
ûȥûȥĻôͲҪƴǽʬˡ
ƴôʹĴӦˣʵһƴǵİҲ֮ǰҪƴǱԼѺ֮顣
ϾҪԼܺƴ ĻôңƱҲǻһƣҵЩڿԼʱҲǻԼ࿴ġ
뵽
˼ʱ֪Ĵߣ˲ٵĹֱͣӵȥǱţǸ
ϻʵ۵ϹǸ϶˼ݶдˣСʱֱܷǸöǸϲĻʵ۾ȻȴǳǸеĴȨС

ҪǸϻʵ˵ûá
Ҳֻĳ̶ȡ
ŭ
ֻǸǣļʰˡ
ǸɵľͿԻ֮ڣľͿĳȨ
ʹ鼵ҲԼĵߺ͹ġ
ĽɵľĹеһңȴǲмΪȥѧϰĹ֡
ϾҲҪӵģȥȻѧֶΣһȥĹҵĻֱ˵ĳԼǲԲŻѧϰ
еģ˵ʲôҲʲ
ˡ
лʶƴǣΪƴǽãٳûƣװԼͳġ
ĻǿܺǸ϶ƾˣ
ҲҵʱһЩ˵ĵ
ϷģȻʲôص˵㻰һӹȥúӵЦ
Դǣ˵Ǿ仰ʱƺԼҪˡ
ֻΪǸε׹˵̫ҪΪѰ˶ЩļѲġ
ֻҪõε׹ӵҿ֤ԲаֵĲǺӵʱǺһ˾ĵչţĸ׵ߵչٶ١
Щܵ
Ǳ˵ˡ
ƴĿĵؿҲټڻʹ涺ͬƴǸ֮ת뿪ʧŨŨҹɫˡ
Ӱʧڻʹ֮ڣǧµӰ׷ǰƴǵǰֹĳƴ񣺡ӡ
µЩƴǵʱıȲˡ
ӦȥӷԸ
ƴ˵а취æԼĺһֻҪƴ˵ĻȥͿԡ
Ǻӵ˷ովͳڻʹ֮ڵģµȴҪͣĿԼǧ˶ִݾߣĺ˺ӡ
ôܻ޶أ
еĺӣһôޣ赭дؽҿ
º޲ֱǰǸץס
Ȼٺݺݵؽѵһ٣ܽͷ֮ޡ
ò׽ȴҪĿˣµҲԽż
ƴƳһϵı飬Ŀڣȥ׼
ڻʳʮصĵط
һҪ죬ֻһʱ䣬һûܽе׼鶼õĻǻṦһ񡣡
ƴϵı鼫ء
֮ǰ֪׻ѡʲôطнף׼ҲԸǰֻȷ˵ط֮ƴǵ˲ܿʼ׼
ʳʮء
ĸѡط
㲻ڻʹΣ
󲻹ƴǵĵ̡
ߡ
ڻʹ淴Ǹպþͳȫƴǵ˼á
׼Ƿڹ棬Ҫֺܶ࣬ԼҪ׵ĵط˹⣬Ǳƴǵ˼ˡ
ǣӣ
ƴ֣صģǧͬǾѪڣĳƴǹ˹֣֮˵ӰѸٵһԼнʳ֮⡣
ˢˢĶҹɫŨȻĳǣûоκεˡ
ӻʹ֮󣬱һ̶ԥĳѩڱȥ
ѩСȥԶһһرٶҪҹʱ䣬ǶṦǿԸ졣

1653 ԭ

ӦƴǺҪʱ򽫺ӴصǵǰôƱҪͣĸ·ֵøһһҹ֮ڽӴ
Ȼ˵Ļǻ᳹׵ƴԼεȻ޴档
ʱԺܺýĽȴҪɸɼĴɱſˣǾδ̫òʧˣ
һ滹Ǻˡ
üĽĿ⣬þȫںҹбš
ǧǿٵĴЩ˳ʮصĵط
ǧǰѲһ֮ĿĵĿڣЩˣֳ飬һȥڿӣһ׼壬ʣµһ飬ȥ׼ˮԴ
ǧָЩʼ֣Ǹһ𣬷

ұԺڡ
бǺĿᣬ֪ΪʲôӺħһ㣬ÿʱ򶼾ĺã֮ǰܵʹ࣬һֻһֱһֳ嶯͸о
Ϊӵ˰ɣǺ⺢ദҲᱻȾ
иΪĸ⺢Ӷ˵ĪźԽԽϲ
ʼ֪ӵ֮󣬿ʼӵľᣬڵѾ̹ȻӣϣԶĺһ
һϵеı仯ĹôȻôķġ
ʵЩʱҸһܼ򵥵飬ֻҪԵķſԼᣬôƱǻҵԼľϲĵط
ء
ء
ιС֣к壬Ҳ֪˵ʲôȴһֵģֱһԵĺĿ̿
Сһôô
ҵġ
С㿴̲סȥιǷСǿЦá
Ÿ뿪СĻðȻֿʼСˣ
ճ˰
ȻԼûӣҲǼٵĺӣѰ˼ҵĺӲǿ־˯
ǰãɵĲУرճˣնϲһ
˭ܵˣ
˭ܶס
ĺˣڿⱦʱ򶼻̲סڻ˰ɣ
Сһɲôճˡ
СĶҲСأҪǱ̫ˣǻ۵ġĹһģĿι
Ȼιȴ֣Ŀ峺Ŀ
ء
ء
ӤƺڸңңҺܹԵģǱңҲӰ쵽ıġ
͡
ˣģҰɡ
ûϵģҲۡ
վͲסСһļ֣Ŀ֣ڻС۵ҵģҪҾͺ˵
ԣĲŵ̾˿ðɡ
СһСģԸ˰ɣ


ĺĻһСһԼļıóˣ㿪ʼЦͣĻеʱ򣬸ԴĻв˲䡣
ҵ˸λ֮㿪ʼԼĴĴָˡ
̲סԼ¡СĿǺӻڵٹʱ䣬ҸеĺӾҪˣʱԽ顣
кĻֵܣҪһһŮͽҸеĺ͸ϱòã
Ŀˮ˵˵ԼҲǺǺǵЦ˳һ˫峺ڵ˫гһ
ִĵ﷢Ŀģûйĸо
һֱ̫̫ΪĿĵģϾֻƺͱƣúͱá
仹Ӯʧȥģøҵ³
ڲһָ֮޾ƫԺȶ÷·ʺԼģеĳҲû֮ǰôˡ
һͬ
С㣬еĺаʱأģ˼ҵºͽֵܶҺˡҪеСССүţǺúõһ׮ͱ˻ˣ
ıԴǵģЦˣɰҲǻãҪù֮ǰģ
˭˵ģ
ԣ˱죬Ƥգ۾ҵıԼôܻ᲻Ըأ
˵㿴ôɰɣһгϢġ
ҪǽΪֵܣԻ֣ҪǿԽΪޣҸ
úõĶԴӣֻҪԸ⣬Ըһӡ
ַĵġ
УУС
ıģ۷ˣ˫ֵͶǾ͵ʮ»̥֮СССү֮ͰļƻУ

1654 ڴ˽

£Ļģĸ𣿡
Ѿ鶼źˣֻҪԹԵ׵Ķţʱ֮׸㰲ŵѡ㵽⡣
ǿɲ
ڣ⺢ӼѵʱȻû뵽ӰȴͻȻ뵽˵ǰ
ʲôû˵ֱǰеĺӸԼĻ档
΢΢ɫɻĿôˣ
ʲôˣ
˵⺢ҪôûмĹŭصԼǰҽӸˣ
ĪʲôҪҪ
˵ǺӼΣգ
뵽ɫ̱òҰףǺӵĿҲǵǣǽŵĿϣܸԼһش
⺢ӵĽų̶ȱʾ⣬Ǻܿ㷴ӦĿ⵭ĮĿ˵ӱͺûϵֻǰչ⼸죬⺢Ҫˣ㲻ٵˣȻһȥ
˵ľ
⺢ӻСҹɫôֱӵĴǲǻ
ҧŴĲᣬȻֻǼյĹ򣬿ԼѾʮֵУ˵ΪҲΪ
ԭˣҪõʱ䣬ƻͺѧϰθӤѵҲˡ
û뵽·ȴֻ˰ضֱӱӤˣ˲γ˾޴ǶǺܲᡣ
ȻٴҲð
ƺܵҪ뿪Ҳǲ۵Ĵ޳
ҵĿԽ۵
ļ̽ŵĳڣҲá
⺢վԼߣһһϵʱ䣬ҲҹԼϷŵѸ׵ķƺá
⺢ߵʱ򻹿ԴԼѡ
⺢ӽʱ򲻻ټǵԼǵԼȴˡ
ȻѾþ飬ǶȻΪԥͲıġ
ûʲôȲε׹ΪҪ
Ŀ⵭Ŀһеį
⺢ǱҪߵģȻôʱ䣬ģҲ̫ѹò˶ã㻳еĺӾҲƽĳʱҲοˡ
ʶؽԼеӵĹĺϲˣΪԼҲźӵľС
Ǹûûεˣڵ檳ȺȴҲûж飬Щ˴ֻй°ˣеЩϲ鰮鰡ʲôġ
һ˳Ҳ̫ã˺ܶľͺܶĸд޷ĳɳ
Ӥߵþ͵ʱ䶼ûУû취ƴԼʱ̫ˣҪǲ뿪ĻǻᵢĴ¡
ŵĺӵӰܿʧǰʧŨŨҹɫС
վԭشöûܴһлع
ļʧģ̲סǰȰοС㣬ûϵģǺӿֶθ͵ģôͼȥӦĸ߰ɡ
Ҳδһ£˵𣿡
Ŀ˸Ĳ̡
뿪ĸǵĸʱ˿Ҳڽ뿪ˣҪкӻˣӦӸ˲ǡ
İοϾһʹ飬Ī׵ʱ뿪ԼĸûʲôܱȵĸԺӵĹػ͸ΪҪˡ
ʵ֤Щʱĸ۰ĺҪЩûĸ۰ĺӽгϢĶ࣬Ϊ˺ƵĶࡣ
һԶҲ޷ᵽģҲûа취Ǹӵġ
ĪģվԭźͬԼ˵ЩǺۿǲĴۿе䡣
ף˵ĻȷģԼĶ綼һʧ㵱ͻȻĴæ⣬վһҪٶ뿪Լ
Ǿ仰ˮһ
տʼʱãȻƽˮ汻ƻ֮һжҲȫ㡣
ŴԼȥδƺõѣδЩ񣬶֪ѹҲûмϢֻǹĳ˵ͷ
С㣬ҹɫˣ㻹ЩЩϢɣūȥˣʲôū澡
㱵ĵ˵ͷǿ׳򶨵ģûʲô顣
ȥϢɣ
Ȼź֮ȴÿģۿ̲סʪ

1655 ԽԽ

ʱǺǻԼĻУȺСԼȥԼ׽
ȻûԼߣָģܵĺܡ

ڡ
뽫ԼڷѾһʱˣʱֻڿҿҵűĹͬʱҲоĹ
ǹ·Īħ̲ס뽫Ŀǹ棬ڤڤ֮Űһǹļ侹ȻʮֵѸ١
Ҫ֪ŵĶһЩҩƹƳҪҩĺͲ裬Լࡣ
µʱ䣬ҲֻǴǳıĬС벿ְˣ
ǲȴǽȻͬٶȿԡ
ֻǶ̶̵Ĺ򣬱ѾѸٵĽǱɢĹȫ龡ãҿʼĬµʱ䣬ǷӵĹѾ˴롣
Ҳִǹ˽⵽Ƴڶ࣬˽ÿֽƵİ취ҲǸӶ
һ߱Ĭһѧϰ
ٶ֮죬Ȼ
ʱ򻹻ţٵٶȵĻȻǻᱻ뾪ȵġ
ôһˣүͷԡ
ѧ֣ϰҪ˰ٱʮ
ЩȴǷܶһӣҲվԴﵽЩ书ǿ츳õ˵һ롣
Щž̵ͷԣССͱû˽ֻ̣ǿŪ̾ԼѧᣬĿϬ
һ˷ܶҲ׬ô
ЩȴŸĽɽҵȴΪޣĿǳûöþͽܹˣȴҲһǧɡ
룬Ӧǰߡ
ֲѴ֮׵ĵõԶòĶ
Ҳ⣡
֣
뿴ǱճõĹСţЩƳ濴ͬС죬ʵÿһֹƳƷͽƵķǽȻͬġ
ֻܿܿǺͨһζҩƵʱһζһζ⿪ʱķǴྶͥ
գѹ˵ƳûĽҩĻһܱ⿪ġ
һѧϰһ겻ѡ
ȴ̾ЩƳƵķأֶζҩͽư취Ҳò̾
ȻʼоˣȻǸŲŻˣ
ˣҽһ·ĻȻҲǻǰ;ˣǰƽġ
͹ͣ뿴ǹصҲĿ֣ء
ǼŹ淭ңŬĻ֮ǰۺƴڹƳ淢ʱصҵйۺƴϹƳļˡ
˻
벻ɵõһƣ
ƵʱͬʱֻƳ棬֮õֻƳ潫ֻƳ£ֱ˵ڡ
̲סĽƹƳİ취ظ֮ĹƳ໥ӣǣһȫҪڵĹƳ澡⿪ĻôƱҪһͬƣ򡭡
һֻǽ⿪һڵĹƳĻôƱǻᾪһֻƳ棬ǹƳй˵ķɣƵڵĹƳҲ𷴻
ડ
ɴ˫Ŀ𺳣еĹҲǲɵõϣĸѸ١
ˣ
ʱ˵Ǿ仰ˣۺƴڵĹƳûȥ⣬ûȥĻôڵĹƳһ״̬ﵽƽ⡣
ƽֻҪû˴ƣһֱڣҪļҪĳһ˽⿪Ƴ棬ȴδ˼һ˵Ļ
ô
ǷǼٵĽҩǻƻһڵĹƳ棡
òάֵĲƽ⣬Ǳƣ
ϵĹƳ뷢ʹǰȫһ
Ȼȴֱӱֳߵ˾ѣαװȷʵˮͽ˷ֱ治
ǹƳ淢һصʱ򣬾Ǳ˷йƳ쳣ϧȴҲˡ
ƶѾڣΪڲɻȱһ֡
Ǹʱ򣬱֪˽ƵĹŽҩҲ޷Ϊ˽⿪Ƴˡ
뿴ʱֻĪޱȵĽš
ʱ˵ĻûƭҪƴǺ۽ƲΪ漵ۣģΪƴǵ
֮ǰҸǷĵġ
ĪģһĲ֪۵ȶû˻ƣû˶ƣǳͲһˣ
ƴôҽ߳ĴЩҽ߳ĴƴڵĹƳа취⿪ĻҶҩôǻǳصģ
ŵʱƴǾѾùһΰٻ֭ҺˣǸʱǿеĽڵĹƳѹƣֽ˲ε׹ŽƴڵĹƳ治Ρ
ҲǸѡ

1656 ŵߵ

ǣٺõĶҲǻоͷ͵ߵġ
ǲε׹ѹƹƳһΣΣĴΣȴѹסʮΰٴΡ
仹ǹƳ汻ƵƵĻѵ£
ޱȵżҪ㽫еĹıĬԼʲô©ʲô飬ʱӰۺƴ˵
ȻĻʲôҲܣʲôҲ˵ظϻصȥƴǵǰ˵һȴǻ⡣
Ϊ֮ƣֻǿԼٵļЩصݣҽڻͨܺ޹ǵֱȥȥƴǺֻǰ˵һеĹؼ
ȻڲչʱȴȻվһĨӰֻΪ̫רעûע⵽רӰĿơ
ϼҼ
뷿ҵǰͬ۴кҪҪǰȥ㱨
ȻȴǱ۰˰ֱ֣ӽǵӸˡ
ˡ
Ŀأȴ̬ȼֱӾܾӵ顣
ǰʱ䣬۳ϣԼЩˣӦֱӵôϼҵĵǰвΪѣҲӦҪ ЩͶϵϼҵӶɱˡ
ǸѪԵڵµʱˣڵۣǱֻúõĽ̵ۡ
ǣ
ǲ֪ΪʲôʱۿϼҼʱֻޱȵĸǿƲסĿꡣ

ٶ࿴ϼҼһۣ̲סҪֱӶϼҼ֡
֪۵ʱת뿪˶
򡭡
һϼҼĻЩͶϵϼҵӱ˲ı⣬뵹ϼҼһͷҲһ
ž飬ѾԪˣʱϼҼҪǴôϼҵĵӺŻвֵĻ
ôҲͲüȥˣֱӽɢţȥ˺ˡ
һĶΪ˲룬ɼ۵ҲŲģǲ֪ΪʲôǹĵĻ˵۵߾ͳ˺Ͳ
֪һڹԼģԼΪζѾ˳̶ȣȴú˵һ
ǹԼΪʲôƢôĪġ
֪ܻ˵ʲôҲû뵽뾹Ȼôá
۲Ҳ룬ȻҲۡ
ԴϼҼһ֮󡣱Ҳûһ˵ˣʣ¼涼й
ۣȻйӣҲϲȴԸ²ǺϤģ֮ǰһʱ򣬶
Ȼֻߣ˲ģҲֻĬĬֻ˲ǰ仹ԸôõĲǰʱ򡭡
۾͸޴ˣ
ܵ˵ľжôãվ̸ֽ鵽ԼϵʱʧȥǺ˼
ԡԹ壬˵ľ
۵ǾᣬҪҪȥҲ룬ҲĻ뻹ԼԼǴΡ
ȥҲĻһ˾һֱŲ˵ö֮ǲԼͲ֮ĹϵҲԶˣǸѵľء
ò۲Ź˲뷿ǰȻžĵĲķţۺò׹վٶȱܵɾ
Ȼֻһţȴǧ֮
ҵĵǰǰԼҪҪȥŵʱ۵ͻȻһ˿Ǹ⣬վûȥһ
ˣú˵ûʲô顣
˫аȵһǸӣȻڱչôרϰɡ
ҪһԹͬġ
ǣ
ԣҵĵӱվصһԡ
۵ӰǼԭأοյ񻨴˹ȥ
书ߡ
˵Ժ˽ŲЩţԺ˵ĻôһӵùĶ䡣
ȻȴûгţѾ˵˲̬ˡ
۵įôҴҵĽ仰֮󣬱ٶȶ뿪ˡ
Ժ￴صҵĵҲ۵Ļ˵ʲôԣ㹧صͷ۵ıӰ˵ϼҼ
ʱҴңȥʱҴңԺֹһ
һΣˡ
Ĳȷʵ֪ѾһΣһˣǼǱ
רĵʱǻһ̶ȵԶ˵ĶģȴԼҪѧϰҪרעĶҲݲκˣκε飡
ʱıչ֮ǲ뱳ĬЩļ֮󣬲ֻԼ书õһٵĽ
ԭոմ߶ε˶λҪϰȹ˶֮ϡ

1657 ĪĹ

û뵽ѧЩ֮󣬲ֻéٿϰ书ʱеľҲҪǰ࣬Ǵûйĸо
еѧ߶Ϊ֮Ŀϲ
ͻȻЩˣΪʲô书ôߡֻǿԴӱ˵յӶԼ书Ϊļغܶ඼Ǿ裬Դӱıڵľ
ڵǱģ
ֻҪúķڵǱܸӶʹ˵״̬ﵽһ۷塣
ߣܶʲͬΪĿ̶Ȳͬ
Щ˶忪̶ȸԵͺܸߣѧʲôʲô鶼˽ȽǿЩǱܲûǿ٣ôʲô鷴Ӧǳٶӻ
Ǳǿ˵޶ۡ
ʵ޶пܿߵġ
Ǹõ֤
磬ǱҿӵĴڣΪʵ̫ˣϰ书Ǿ̣Ҳڵļֵڡ
Ǻ
мõ˹֮һ·ϵĽ٣Ŀզġ
ԲȻڱĬЩҽȻʵϣȴѾڲ֪нҽΪԼϰ书еһ֡
̲סǹҽصžȥϰ书
Ȼ°빦
ΪԼڷǱڳ˲ԼȥֻһĶڷϰ书
Щܽ书˶ͻƵŶεĻǶ˵һŵңԺҲû۸ˣ
ͬ£ŶεĻѾȥҲȪ֪ϢҲܸˣܽΪ

ҹɫŨ
ӰٵĴںҹС
һһҹʱ䣬ûͣЪȻ书ٸߣȴҲ Щ
նڸ·ˮδҪǻˣͳܲסѹֱ̱ڵˡ
ԼҪιĻб˹һһҹڶȻص˳ڡ
ְ֮ǰƴԼõĻʳʮء
һһҹı״̬ƣȴܲסеļͻϲ
ôΪѰҲε׹һֱںǸ϶нϾ
ϧȴһֱ·硣
ȻٲϣȴҲòϣǸ϶ЩһֶεģҲ׵Ľϻʵ۸ת
ôЩ꣬ûҪǸ϶нϾ
ϧǴ޻һĽʹЩʱᷴҲǿ׼ݣæң˲ٿ
ܳɹҵε׹ڣôƱǻЩҵ϶ǰüʱЩ϶ҲǻԼأǻµԼҵĵλˣ
ü뵽ҵ˲ε׹Ϣ֮ɫεѿ
ĽŲɵüӿ죬ֱֱĳԼõĵط˹ȥȻΪм٣ǰȥԼõĵطʱȻ΢΢µɶô鶼δ
ҹɫŨড
ȻѾ˺ӭ˴죬ҹˬ
ڣھһһҹ֮ĻбźӣԼõ˻ʳ档
ʱޱߵҹɫУֻӰҲǻĳǰ
һǲɵùһĨЦ𣺡ʺȻš
Ҳǳ֮ˣҪĺӾʺｫҪĲε׹óǱ˴֮ȷϣܷǽн
ǼˣֻҲĿ⾼ڿһֻ׵ķ
ֻ߲û˸棬ȻֻֻԼһˡ
ôֻȷǰҪһ˹ġ
ʣµľֻҪǽԵĶ໥һ£֮ͿԴҪĲε׹Ļصҫ
ȥԼȨʣµպͼı
룬ѪڣȲ޲ֱǰֻϴŵĲε׹
ԡֻüĽĻֱӽеöε׹˳
ҪĶ
ûκε٣԰Ҫ󽫺ӽˡֻ仺ؿڣѾ͡
ԺһǸһҪ֣ô׵ľֱϵƭӦһյİ취
ǿеļתתƬ֮󿪿˵
û⣬ʺҲǸԽԵĳڵϣһͬŸҪĶΣ

1658 


ԶһŻһʧ
ʲôʣҲڳʱ˼ӦԵİ취
ԣ
ֻĿû˼ģֱӴӦҪ
һ֮Ǳ㿪ʼжֻĿƵĿ󿪿˵
Ҳû⣡
һشֻĿ˵ĳöΪ֮Ĳε׹طڵϡ
ֻͬĶһ£Ҳǻؽбŵĺӷ˵ϡ
˹õٶȳű˴ҪĶ
оǵ⿴öֻڵϵĲε׹Ŀⴹѣ̲סõС
ҵˣҵˣ
ҵЩ϶Ҳûл˵ˣ
ǲε׹еʱ̲סżĲ
˷ܵģǼ˵һ
ε׹£׹̳·ҲǷı£úǰġ
̲ס˫ָһһǲε׹渧һĿ̻ǲε׹·
ֻҲþȫĳι˹ȥСĽι˻С
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ǳŽڻһһ㣬յֻƺҪɤˡ
С£ˣ
ֻĽǺӱڻУ̧˫Ŀⶢʱôһ˲ζġ
꣡꣡
飡
˲ĹֻֻվŵĵطͻȻˣżٶȳݡ
Ӧֱֱĳ׹䡣
ͻԣ𾪵ĿԼµı仯ٵṦ뿪طʱȻȴͻȻһ˫Լ
ֱӭͷ£УҲá
ȡ

µݲ˵滹˹ˮ
ǲˮԵģ
һ˲䣬ֻˮƺǴ˷Ĺ뵽棬ǿҵ޷۾޷
ء
ء
ȡ

վƽϵְ裬ǵˮȴǳ˸
⻹ǴĿеõ˵Ϣ
һβСĵ£¶ԼˮĿ־壬αó
úв˵鶼ĳȻҪƴǺֻ߲ε׹
ƾҲ䣡
˼񶾵ˣûвε׹ʱһɥĲ飬ĸε׹ƽ޹ʵȥˣ
ҵҰĻ˿
ֻıιӵվŵĿ⿴ǵˮе

ǼˮпţֻǺȵȴԽԽСûˮ֮Уģ΢Ҳûˡ
ºǧѸٵĴֻڵķΧ˹ʺû°ɣ
ǧеֻϴš
òֻȻֻһ˹书ǿŽףҪǻŮ˵Ļͱŵˡ
λֻɫȻһеĶˮɣ
ǧ汾ͶֻǵͶصĳ̶ȣֻ۷ģֻǸҽǽüӢǡ
û¡ֻбŵĺ͵µǰĺӡ
ϲԭأǷӦ
ò˵Ӹ֮ȷûпӡ
ֻǼյĹ򣬱⺢ӳðװֵģһ˫ʯ˫ۺǺһγ͸ƺ֪ո飬۾ߴﹾתţǸ
ƺǶе鶼Ǵϲͺ档
ºǧ˻еιϣĿģ󲻵˵С
ô˵ɵˣ
ֻʵһЦĽιµĻУɡ
ģȻôûԼĺӡ
ֻǻӲģЦˡ
֫Ӳϲ⺢ϲĽǶȴʵĽӲ֪ģΪڱһըأ
ꡪ
¹ˮһɴһڴϣǧҲֻĻЦˡ
һʱ֮Ҳûôˡ
ҡ
ʺ⡭
ȡЦ£ⲻǸ˵еͿ𣡡
ºǾнĿֻЩ˼ǶȴѾ֮ǰöˣҲ˫ֽӲջ˱ι֣ιĿ¾Ŀš
Ȼ¾ֱֱĵֻǧǰɵЦš
ٺٺ١
ٺٺ١
ɰ
úϸ꣬ǧ㿴ÿ
ºǧһʾ˵ģ㺩ģ߸ŵҲ͵Ц

1659 ʣһį

ǧεҡҡͷԸǼȥ̵ʱע⣬Żǻˣȥ
⣬ٽǲε׹һ
ǧȵĿڣǹĵͷǣ
ף
һȺѵصѸٵվȥǧתɵЦºվһεֻ˹֣ʺʱˡ
Ҳܵ˲Сľţعɡ
ֻź촽㿪ڵʱǧȴȻش𣺡õģ´źӻȥʱȻ֪ҲͲٵˣ
Ҳԡ
ֻɵˡ
ոһֱŴʱ˿̵ڼһǻûбȻġ
ȴǻһصּһ硣
ˣǾûʲôõǵˡ
ֻüͷɿǧ΢ЦŵĵͷֱӸĻͳŻʹķȥ
±ǺӲ֪룬ǧҲϲ硭
ƽʱûµʱǧµд硣
ǧ˰֣ȥɡ
βͽ
ǣ
лæ
£ҲǱźѸٵȥ
ʱ䣬տĵطֻʣǧһ˾վԭأЩǿʼˡ
ҹɫŨأҪϸĻǿԿǧü֮޾į
ǧ˵վԭء
ֹǷİˣе˶ԼļңԼϲˡ
ڣӶˡ
ȻԼȴǹһˣĪ˵ǺӣϲҲ
Ɐֻһ˲䣬ܿģǧ㽫׵ı˸źۼĲ
ĿٶȻָ֮ǰǰء
ˣҵˣ
ʱˮƬ֮Ѿ׵Ļ˹ȥЩûзʲôıֱӽ廨
ǲε׹ҲǱ˻ǧС
ǧǱĺһڣȥ

ʹ֮ڡ
ƴһϮ°ɫۣ֥Ӱοյ񻨴ԣĿԵӵĿŴҹɫ
ֻӰĻ֮»ĳڹʱ򣬽üͷ΢΢Щչ
ƴǣ
ֻ죬żֱ֮ӿ첽ĵƴǵǰڵ˫Ŀżֵľϲɹˣ
СѾɹı˻źӻȥּҸϸǰˣǧƹһͻὫܻǲε׹Ҳûбʧ
ֻ˷ܵͬƴǷڳʹĽ
Ȼ
ֻȴûע⵽ʱǰƴǺ֮ǰźܴĲͬĵطġ
ƴֻ˵ʱֻɫȻһ

ڰ֮£ƴǵĶͷҲ֪ô£Ȼ˺ܶߡ
ЩߺֻΪֻ̫ûƼֻһ𾪵ĵɴ˫
ߣ
ǹưߣ
Ѿչ˹ưصĳ̶ȣҲʹţò˶ãƴڵĹƳ᳹׵ı޷ס
뿴ûκӰģѹԵĽҩʵƴǷõһ˲䣬ѾƴǵصӰ졣
ֻƴǵʱһֱǲε׹
ȻƳ汻ˣڲѣȴҲκεĶ߸׼ȷ˵ǹƳڼɵŲε׹Ĵڶ
ʵʵĴƴǵûκεĶ
ԣֻةƴʱ򣬶ûֳܷκε쳣ǽҩûӰ쵽ƴǣҲΪֻةҽãǣ
ΪŲε׹ѹƵǹƳװģ
ԭҪǲε׹һֱƴǵϵĻЩƳǲֵģȴҲҪͶηηβĲ
ǽһ
죬Ϊ˾ϸµĺӣƴǽǲε׹ժʱֻȥ
ֻһĹ򣬵㹻Щε׹ѹֵЩĹƳǿʼжˡ
ƴڵ书ǸǿԺЩƳ濹⣬Ȼ
վǵвЩƳӰ졣
š
û¾ͺá
ƴǿֻȵģֻɫȻĵ˵ͷ򵥵˵ô仰
ȴǽֻǻѪͼ˲䱻ƴǵĮˮ
Цݻδ׵ţ㽩ӲڴߣֻЩɻΪʲôƴǵ̬Ȼôԣ뿪ʱƴǻ֣Ŀ⿴ԼԼǧҪʲô˺ǡ
ȻĽһеˣ֮ƴǻ㱨ʱƴǵ̬ȴ룿
ѵʲôƴʧˣ
ǳ
ֻ洧ɻ󣬴ŵĿƴǣȻֻ֪ǣô֣ɫûκεı鲨ʵϣƴ˵⼸ֵʱþȫŬֻ

1660 бǹıԣ1

ǹƳǵ꣬ƴǵĥţʴƴǵ񾭶ֻϵʹĥϵĥ
ƴֵĻֻѹһֱڽţһֱĬĬͬǹƳ໥⡣
Ȼ
ǹƳʵ̫ǿƴþȫȴҲֻڵ̶ֳȡ
ĮѾǼޡ
谵Ĺĵطƴǵ˫ֽ߬ȭͷ
ƴţֻɹĴнǺӸƭĻôε׹ܿᱻͻ
ֻԵһṦ򣬲ʲô⡣
֮ǰûвε׹ҲȻ
ߣٲãǹʰ춯ֻҲǴŲε׹ȥȥͻò˶ٵʱ䡣
Ųε׹ͻԼߵʱڵĹƳҲٶȻعƽǸʱԼûˡ
ҲûʲôҪֻ˵Լֻ֪һֻԼ
ƴ治ֻеΪԼ嵣ǣֻķװµģ
ƴǣֻ̽ŵĽһƴǵ֣ƴαװٺãҲӲֻ˫ۡ
Ů˵ֱǺ׼ģЩʱֻǸո¶һߣҲӲŮ˵˫ۡ
ֻǰĿصĿƴǣͼҪǰƴǵôˣȻƴʶıֻܿĿ⣬װûʲô쳣ӣڣæµһˣлȥϢɣ
һΣƴǵҪ֮ǰˣƴŵһǷϸǲɵ¶˼Цݣʲô
ҺúõĴڹ棬ʲô飿
£ҲӦ˲ǣ
ƴǿֻеʣͶԼĵģֻж֮ǰ㾶Եʳֻϵ顣
»ҪȥӦǸܵ˺лعúϢɡ
ǱҪǰˡ
ƴǱͳĪŴԡ
ԭѾ˴㣬һҪǰȥǻ֮ϲȻȴû뵽С顣
ѣƴƳǵг̣ӪȺӡ
ӾȻѾƽôҲûκεĽȥʱˣһһЩҪȥȲˡ
ƴٶȲĽš
ȻƴǵĽǺģֻǾýƴǺǲһ
ֻȴǺɵ񣬶ƴǣû°ɣ
ƴЦЦôܻ£һֱǻ
Ϊ顣
ڳ顣ƴ룬ֻֻˡ
Ȼֻӣûһ˵ǵĻ˵ʲôݵġ
ȻйسֻҲ㲻׷ʣ֪ڵĹϾƴΪ³ǳĻôӦҲ顣
󹬲øŮ˶ڳҲǲǺִֻܶ˱Ӳˡ
ԭһΪ岻֪ԭֻ֮Ҳûִŵڿƴǣĵ˵ͷǺãȥϢˡ
һҲǾþĶǣʱ۵Ľϴˮ裬Ȼ컹ܸƴһ
ȥɡ
ƴĿĿֻ
ֻͬƴǸ˱֮󣬱ֱӴŹǰȥԼ޵ˡ
ͬʱǧҲǴûĲε׹ƴǵǰĹ¡
ӣǧҲʹε׹Ѿ˻
ҲڱܻӿҪھͼ
ƴ΢΢ӣǧҲǷӿףǧ˫ַϲε׹ʱƴǱ΢΢ţ֣Ŭȥǲε׹С
ʵƴǲżǡǡΪƴǵ̫ż⶯Ų̫
Ȼǧܽ¹ע⵽ƴǵֵʱҲܿüѰ˫޳ֹǽ֣ʱҲǳ档
ϧǧ˵ʱǹصͷûע⵽ƴϵ쳣ȻҪȥε׹ߵƴǣȴĿ𺳣Լŵˡ
ƴǿ𺳣ҧѸ٣ٵı㽫ǲε׹дڵĻǾȵҲǱƴѸٵѹȥ
ε׹»صƴǵߣƴ׵ɫתֱ࣬ϺͶͷϵҲѸٵɢ
ı仯֮ǰƴûĻ򲻻ŵģ
ֻôһĹ򣬱Ѿƴϴ죬һֱ˳˾һĸо
ǧɵĿƴǣǲֻǶҽģҪǿܿƴϵĹƳ쳣
ֻΪǧƴǵ̫õʱˣƴǵĸֶ˽⡣

1661 б¹ıԣ2

ϵƴǸĹ졣
ȻҪǧ˵ƴǾʲôطԾǧһʱ˵ֻƾʶĸоˡ
ӣ
ǧ̽ŵĽһƴǣû°ɣ
ް
ƴǳͳڵ
ǧȴƴǵĻش쳣
ƴ˵ġ
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¾Ͳһˡ
£û¡
Ȼ˼ܽӽźȴǽȻͬ
Ȼδǧü׷ʵʱǸ廨ѹ
ãȻվԼǰƴǺǧ˵ʱеãȻͺ֮ʧת˷ŭݣ
ƴǣ
ͼѿԼϵǳֱӽƴǵ֣֮ǰǰƺƴΪˡ
ɵСˣ
Ȼ˵㻰
޳ܣ

ָ֮һ˲䣬Լôѧ˵Ĵﶼƴǵϣ
˫죬߳ŭ
ôû뵽ǸиĳĻʵۣȻ޳ܲҪ
Ҫ֮ǰƴǵΪ˽⣬Ҳǰƴǣ˹ԹԵİƴǵĻȥǺҲǱƽƽ͵ƴǵǰ
ʱ˿̳ӶˣҪƴǵΪ˵ΣôܻԵôң
ֻȥƱ˵ķݣʲôʱֵˣ
ƴǣбͽҷˣȻٺúõıԱԣ˭ĿκĺͶá
õ˲ε׹ƴǣϵһٶ£ڵǲֵĹƳҲòֹͣ
ģƴǵȻƴϢָ˺ܶ࣬ʱϵıҲ֮ǰֻǧʱôˡ
㣿
ƴǵ΢΢ЩɳƣǾ֮Ľٺ
Ҫҹıԣ
ƴĿ䣺ƾ͵͵ӵ飬ҹı𣿡
ƾҲ䣿
Ҫ֮ǰվƴǵǰƴǣ˵ҪսƴǣҪûȥε׹ôƴһͬս
Լ״ضӣѾ벻ε׹ĳ̶ȣƴǵɻӦԣᾴǸصĺӡ
ʹ졣
ڡ
ڰģҪ仰㽫ԼעӤϵ赭дĴ
ԼļƲ߸ܻ֮ҪԼˣ
ƾʲô
һеĺѲɶҪϣ

ǧԣЩֱ̧ŽĶϡ

˵
顪
˻
ˮͲû˰ǧôĴ˼£۵ĵһǼˣȴҲҧгݡ
ǣ
֪ҵݣ֪ҵĵλҪ̬ȵĶԴңһŹ㣡
һ
˻ߵŭ
ƴǻгĳǽˡ
˵ʲôҲˣʱңһҵƴǱ
һƴǸѪĴۣΪΪں
룬ŭ֮£ƺǧϲûκεı飬Ŀ⳰ĿڵϼǱ
ֻÿЦ
ʱˣȻĲ
ǴڼˣȻŵʵ۵Σǧ䣬ȴֱӴʹ
ȻҪʵۣ
Ѱɿɣ
ѾǼǰˣڿĹ棬ϧȴɿƣԼδĴѡ
òᣡ
ҵĲȷǲɵģ˵ǸɵйҲΪ
վֻǸɵйĴ
˾ˡ
˾ˡ
ȻҵĽɽ
ƴǣȴʵĳĻʵۣһƽݣȴŵƴǵǰſ
ֱ
ǧʹĿ⣬˵ʱ̧еĽٶȵĳϴ˹ȥ
Ϊǽܻ֮㻹лӳȥ𣿡
ƴǽüһǷϱϣü֮ǴһɾµĵƣֱӶֵǧ
ƴҪΪɵ˵ĻЩáŭĻֱӱŵҭסɤ档
ʲʲô
ʲô˲õһŵĵɴ˫ٶ׷ʡ
㡭˵ʲô

1662 䲻ʹ

ƴǸո˵ûлˣ
ôƴǵ˼ǣҪԼԶ

ԣ
ɵô˸촽Ұ׵ĿƴǣԺиһͷ
ƴǲֻҪԶô򵥡
ƴǡ
ƴҪɱ
ôܣ

ԲУ
ʱȴǳ׵ĻңҲԽԽǿңɺҪһŻ
ƴǣ㲻ôң
㲻ôң
ҵˣҵճүδҵĽӰˣ
ɱңôƱǺΪУҾǻȥҲԻһˣ
ǳްް
ƴǻĶ궯ǰĴǲɵһĨȣҲǶ˶༸ֵļ
ҵճүδпܳΪҵĽӰˣһֶûд
ʲô˼
ʲô˼
ƴǣʲô˼
ֻͷƤ飬ĿĵĶƴǵϣƺҪƴǵҵԼЦ˿
Ȼ
ûС
ʲô鶼ûС
ʱƴǵеֻĬȻ࣬ƴûٺЦʱҲʺϿЦ
Ƕʲôݵˣ
һǳĻʵۣһҵĵճүˣôܻôʱЦǾж벻
ƴģǽü֮Ƕ޾ɱ⡣
ǧϣ֣ģ˺ƴǡ
ʱһֻƴնޣ˵ֻʣ·һ
Ҫֻ֣ܹ㲻öǺӡƴǵͳ˵ڣһ
ճеӤҶܱ㿴вĳ룬ôʣƴʱ򣬻ʲôģ
һƣΪĻܵƣòưˡ
ҪûƺĻΪΪˡ
ԡ
ǰûƴǵҲգȻƴǵУôƱأƴǻݳԼ󻼵ġ
ˣһ᲻Ϊͬ˺ƴ纮ѩĿ
û̱Ƭ̵Ĺ亹ѾԭͱˮʪٶȽһ飬ƴ˵Ļǵͷȣԥֱš
ˣ²һ᲻Ϊͬ˺
ƴֱ׵ĻشɫҲԽĲҰףûаѪɫ
Ϊ
ȥҵ˼Ҳ֪ҵĴ𰸵ġ
ǲᡣ
ҪŵĻôұһ˹ʲô취ӽȨĽԼӪȳȥΪǹغҵ⡣
ҾԲ˶ҵĵӷ
ˡ
ôǽȻͬˡ
һѾ˵ˣ˵ûмֵˣǰʲôݣʲôλʲôףôһж֮òҪˡ
ˣ˱ֵͷ˭ʲôϣҪģ֡
һѾ˵ˣһǾƴǺ͹ǿƵĳҵЩˣ붼룬۾Ҳգһ£ֱ
ǿѹȥûзһ㡣

У
ԼĳòƴǺ˱ѾˣҪٱ
ʬ嶼ûգǸǶô
һֱĸһֱûжƴСӵϡ
촽ŵֱ£еŭҲ֮ʧת˿־壬ŵҪŲѹԼϵǧŬĳƴڵķ˹ȥ
ƴǣ

ϡ
ϣŹҰɣֻһʱ֮鼱˼ˣûҪǸӡ
㿴ȥǺӱ
ǺӲֻûаˣǱĿɺˡװֵġ
ǲε׹ҵļҴֻ֮ҪõҵļҴ֮
ʶʱΪܡ
²òͷ
ƴǸץסˣͨı£޷ϵûа취ɹƽĴƴǵĵˣ
ĿƴǣҸɣ
һǵĴµģ
Դ䣬֪ǰʲôĻһᱻڵ֣µģƭˣǻ᲻Ļ
ϧ
ڼʶ˶ֳª֮Ī˵ƴǲĻǻͨˣҲҪ֮Ψֲɣ
Ǻǡ
Ȼֻƴֻ֮ǳ򴽵Ц˼

1663 죡

ҵүȻȲȣǽġ
ƴǵͳտ޵ƽ׵Ľ̲ס˸
ϧΪҵүˣŸƴǲ׵ķ뿪
书ǿ죬ĺƱǻǳģһҧ˵Ĺһ
ڿΪƶͬƴģͬģҲǻڵþ֮һһҧסƴǲ֡
ԡ
ǵѡǣֱ˵Ľûк󻼡
ɱңɱң
ҿԸһܣµķʯ֮䣬ԺиһͷͻȻˡ
ܺƴǽġ
ԡ
ѵͲ֪ںδ𣿡
㲻֪ѵĻʺҲҵ𣡡
Ŀڡ
ʧô꣬ƴǵĻʺֻƴԼûȤҲҪֻ뷨ģ
ϾƴôϲĻʺ
ͻȻץ˾һ㣬߬ƴǵ½ǣ任ҵһѵֵ𣿡
ĸ
˵ƴǺң
ͻȻҧúвȻұɣƴǣԸҵֶȴҲ
㲻ҷңֻΪҵʵҵļɵˣ
ͳϰɣʵҲǸɵСˣ
Ŀ
ƴǵʹűץŵ½еĿ
ĸһȷǴ´ࡣ
нȻδ⳹׵Ϯ˲䱻ƴǽ˵Ļˡ
ϧͲ֪
ƴĿ䣬˵ʱ̬ȸƶ
ƴǵҲڻɣ֪ǲ֪䡣
Ҫǵ֪ĻǻһҲûʲô
ƴǵҲʮּɵ¡
Ȼ
ںôεĽ֮ƴɻҲǱ˿϶
Ըιȡε׹ֺοأ
Ҫ֪ĻͻȲĺｻˣ
ϾﲢǸˣԶŵˣ
ϧûС
ֻûУ˸ȥ˼ҺӵֶΣ
ⲻһжȻ˰ɣ
ھȻƴǵǰװģģ
ǽ˾úЦ
ԣҴүǺúõ׼·ɣ
£ƴǱĽԼָȥʥѩķԸǧȥõĸɾ㣡
ǣ
ǧĻشƴǱǻĳ޵ȥŵĹʱֻǧˣ

Ҫ
ɴ˫ڵţӺǱ
κΣôõģȴҲڵƵŲ˼ְˣ
˵ǧǰԶҲûŲ
ǧγĳȴǷź⡣
ˢˢˢ
͡
󣬸ǵɴ˫۵ľĿ֮£ֱӵĨĲӡ
Ѫӿ
Ҳ벻
ô꣬Ȼ˵ѹԵƣҲӮռϷ硣
Ȼ
һУȻսƴǵС
ǽ˸ˣ
Ŀ
±˲ӣصˤڵϵʱҲĵɴ˫ۣĿ

ּҡ
ֻͬ˸֮±ιٶȳּҵԺɱȥ
ҲıԺⲽĵȴϢ
ڡ
ŨŨҹɫУƼĨڴеӰĳ֣
µĻУǱźӵģ
ﲻɵʵһǻǰµӰǾþϲӱˣ
ˣ
ץס𣿡
еǰһ̲סʳڡ
ûа취ͺһ֪ʲôʱҪǲһԵľͽָʲôʱ򻹻ҧҧһڡ
һˣǲɵʲôʱʲôʱ
κߵȴܲסݺ
»бŵι
¹ˮιװֵСϣʱιѾ˯ˣȻ֪ЩʣǵĶ˶ԼС죬ɰˡ
ӵĳֻϸ࣬ҲǸĹĺͰҲϲ˹ȥġ
֪ൣģʱ򣬲ûκεĲˣһһһһĻش
Ȼˡ
οԷˡ
ѾǸץڹѾ͵ӵǰӻȥ˽ģȻǲٽ˻߶ּҵκһˣ

1664 ɱҲɱ

˵ʱĵǴƴžԵΡ
ֻҪӳ֣ƱǻὫƯƯģԲٸ»ˣ
ǸҲǵùӵ棬ûõĺӿԹˣ
˵ʱҲЩҧгݵġ
Ǹ˵ȻҶԼĶӴ⣡
ҪڼҪԼĶӸĸ׵ǰĸװģǴǸʱ¾ͷһΣ
Ǳˣ
ǾͺãǾͺã
㿪˵ʱ˵Ǿͺãŵĸǳ׵ķŻص˶档
ȥȥϸ꿴ϸ갲İɣϸ껹۰Ͱ͵ĵأ
Լ⿪ˣĿȰĿһеιȻڵҲ뽫ιԼǰúõϲһ֪ϸҪӵżҪӵο塣
ã
ȥˣ
صĵ˵ͷҲûкף˵Ĺֱ̤ϸķС
ϸҲԺ죬½ŵʱѾǷӣżĿŷ
ֱµӰԼĴԡ
ӡ
ӡ
ϸˮǶߵһôҲֹסµ䣬µ潫ӸʱǼĲС
½ιϸߣϸ֣ϸ꣬ǵĺӻˣоա
һðװֵˣģ
ϸֻǼյ ݣµ۲ѡ
ѾˣҪǺúõԼӣܽչ˺ǵĺӡ
𣿡
Ŀ⿴ϸ꣬ǽϸڻС
ϸι˸ǣµĻصĵͷš
á
Ϊĸǿ²ô˵Ϊ˺ӵԺϸҲǻᾡ
ĺӡ
һĺӣܼչˣҪԼúõ
£лл㡣
ϸ껺µĲǺ˰ǰıҵһתˣһԼ˲˵ôӡ
ܵʲôʱ¶ػԼߣŪ˺ӣ¶Ҳûа𱸣ʼնڰοҪѹӡ
ԼŵιװֵĽ
ةԼĹذ
һӣ㹻ˣ
ɵѾͷ
ϸҲԵЦЦĻӦϸ׽
ҲǺңϸƽ⣬ˮӣŭɰĶӡ
ǰںӻûгʱ¾ǳĺһô࣬ıʼնӺǧĴڵġ
ܷʲô飬ӺǧҲԶվԼǰԼȥʲôҪȥʲô
ڲһˣ˺ˣǸˣպңҪġ
еĻû⵱У±ϸ껺˯ι֪ʲôʱȴ۾һĴ۾գգŵĿԼ׽ĸĸףЦ˳

档
ƴǽֻ֮Ѿϴ˵ȴƴǡ
ô
ƴǵӰֻҲмֺĿƴǣǽǸѺ𣿡
书ôߣǾԲ͸˵ģǣϾҪȥˣʱҪĸˣ
ֻǰһƴǿ£һ߿ѯʡ
ֻʱƴȴüĽûУ˲ţҲ
ᣬڸԼΣ
ƴǶȻƴвԼ
ѾǧˡƴɫȻĿڣżƵᣬֻԤĻ֮ȴǲĵǡ
ƴǣǸǾ˵ҺҪ𣿡
ҪǾôֱӽǸɱ˵Ļ᲻ҶԳչ
µĹֻҲ˽⼸ֵġ
ԭȷĹǿƵģǾô֮Ѿ᧿ΣĵزôʱҪǼŭңƴǼӮùңҲҪ޴Ĵ۵ģ
ֻЩǡ
ƴȴƶҡҡͷʱǲõģѾˣǰҵĵλߣֻҪһʲôûˣҹȻΪһûõ˺ҳ˺
ߣʱ˵ΨһԿ϶ľǣǸǺҵһսǲɱģ
ҵҰİˡ
Ҫ¸ٴػĽɽµǻΪʵۣһϺĹƽֽɽôΨһʣµľֻнĹȻ½Ȩˡ
ΪĹ֮׵ĳȻǳ··ʯ綼ᱻҶϡ
һս˵ʲô޿ɱģΪˣɱĲɱ

1665 ȫ׷ˣ

ֻܳưͿ˵ǻǰһУֵʱ򣬻һ֡
ƴǵǺ̹ȻҲûʲôúµġ
ƴ˵ĳأֻֻ˼ĵ˵ͷûкƴǼ׷ȥ
ǸŮˣڹҴ²ǺܶҲûǸ˼ҪȥŪ
ֻ滹ǶƴžԵΣֻҪƴǾаգôֻԸƴǵı£
ϣɣ
ֻ̾һ֮󣬱»ָЦݣĿĿƴǣЩϢɡ
ǻҪ·
ֻ֮ǰں֮ʱ򣬵ȷǾƴǵΪͶЩֵģǵ޵ƴǻ֮󡭡
ƴϵıĿ⣬ȴǺ֮ǰȫȻûб仯ǰᣬֻ֪Լ֮ǰˡ
Щʱ̫ˣԼЩľԱӦ
Ȼ׼ƴǣӦǶƴĵģӦǻƴǵĲԾ
ҺýӸȻˣǿһˣȻҲ춼ʵܵĽˣ
ֻƤͷ
ƴǱĴ΢΢ţȴǳֻע֮ʱ⧲ĽֻᱧڻС

ֻһʱ֮ûзӦƴŵþʶĽıƴǵĲ
Ӧֻ֮ĺǻһ㣬Ĵƴǵļϣƴǣһ
󻵵
ȻϣֻǲıԹûƴ򴽵͵͵ЦС
ҹɫãҡ
ǧ˽֮ۿߵʬˡ
ʱѾ죬ǧȴûа˯⣬żžĺҹ¹⣬Աֱӻ˼̳ҾƵ˳ǽϣһߴŷһ߿ĳҹ
һҾڣЩ
ǧǸɵˣպǽʧ̬ĺȾƣҲ֪Ϊʲô⼸ǾĪᣬǽϡ
˶мҡ
񡭡
ԼûС
Ҳ֪ԶŵĲôˡ
۵ϲǧͿˣ۶ԲںǧҲ֪
˱˴֮涼ԼģǧĲô׵ķ֡
ϾҪ۲ϲĻǧлᣬ˵Լȥȡһ²롣
ϧ۵ҲŲ룬˾ûа취ȥ֮ĸˡ
ű˶˫ɶԣǧ滹ûʲôоԽҹ˾ʱˡ
һҾƽһҾ븹ǧֻҾƾȻҲ˾񫡣
ѹ֡
ѹ֮ǰô˶ϲȾƣ֮ǰҲþƲʲôöζܲǽϺʱ򡭡
Ȼøĺúȡ
ǽ溮ɪɪǧڳ¥ԣĿԶꡣ

ڡ
չõӡ
ʱ䣬ȴÿ治ͷ˵ҵһܼһ治֮⣬µЩˣöӰˡ
ɼЩǰͷĵӣȴҲֻǴҴҵļ˲һ棬ŵʱ򣬽ǿŲ˫üͷϱصĶڴ֮ϡ
֮⣬ûʲôı仯ˡ
ʱ䣬ŵЩӣȻͬīƺͶī˵ǰ㣬żҩЧﵽЧƳַ˵ġ
ֻЩҩ㹻࣬ҲάЩǵ裬ҲûǰȥŲչ
ϼҡ
ϱЩ΢˫аȵһ۲ƴǰǰǡ
һĨʹɫ֡
ͻȻѪӿ֮ڸһϢܿƵģƺҪƣӵ֮ӿһ㣡
飡
ͨͨ
۲СײĹӣڷŵĲײڵϣž졣
ϵıȴԽԽʹ࣬ͷΪڽ̵¶ģǿ£
ϼҵĵƺ˷Ķǰŷѯʵû°ɣ
ҪҪ½ȥæ
һأټ֮ǰ⣬ǽϼҵЩǼɵ־ηû۵֮£ЩҲֻܸվڷѯˣ
أ
ֻǶ̶̵֣˼һ㣬۱ӿмô֡
˵Щϼҵȴ˺ٶȻصԭվŵλãǷеȴǳ׵ɺ˫ۡ
ͬʱ
۵ϣҲȺƴֵЩߣ
Щưߣ
˻
۵ûˣҪеĻȻҪⷬ嵽˵ġ
Ȼ۵ϾȻ˹ưߣ
Ҵʱ˿ϵҲǺ֮ǰȻͬ
֮ǰòʧȥֻ߶ֻ꣬ľĽ̵֮£ĥеɱ¾ˡ
ܶʱ۵ƢԶºŵģϧ
ʵǿϧˣ
ֻŬôѪһƷʱȫ׷ˣ

1666 ȥ1

ֻôŵ۲ҪǰǸɱԵǰۣҪΪɭֲ
ԺЩϼҵĵֻ֡
Ȼ书۸ߣȴҲԵĸܵϢԲԾƺ
Ҫǿ
ǰʢЩԺ˸ŷܵʱ򶼾𺳡
ҪֱӵĺĻ²۳֣ƾֱӽԷѹɣ
ϼҵĵ۵ԽԽࡣ
һ˵һΪ˾ôۣ۵书츳ȴǺܶⱲӶ޷󼰵ġ
ǲеġ

ҧţϧôȥ̣еǿƲסһĴڡ
ڡ
ڵ֮ڱ̶ȫ
ʱۣѾ˫ɺѪ˿ĿĿܵ˲䱩ǣ
ŶΣ
۾Ȼ
Ϊ֮󣬵һɹĽͻƵŶεˣ
˵۵ǰҲҪѷɫֵģ
еɺ콥ȥ
֨һ˷ţ˵ע֮»̤Ժ䣡
Щ ԭصϼҵǲжֻԺ棬ȴֹס۵𺳵ĸ飡

ǰǰ
û뵽书ľȻôףŶ;ֱӵŶΰ
⽫ĳɾͻܵ˰
ֲõǵݴ˵ʲôҲҪĽϼҽ
ļϼǺܿҪ
ǿɲǣ
ȥϼҵĵҲǰվȽŸˣ
ߺԺЩǱ۲ֻͣɢŹȴɢ⣬Ƕ۵ĽŶһɵĸо
ԡ
ɣ
ϼҵļҲǵͷˣ۵书ǿĻôĴеĵλҲ֮ǣ
ϾǸʵ˵ĵط
֮ǰΪһϼҼĴѡ񣬴Ǹ磬²ֻϼʧأŶ
һȣϼҵЩҵĵǰ̧ͷ
ҪǴǸ֮ˣûйǣʣµЩϼҵĵӣĵҲϼҵĵӹȥϼڽᴦѡ
ų׳Ҳδ֪
ϾǴĴ󣬾ϼҵҲǱ޿ɱ磬ֻɱ˴á
ڲһˡ
ϼҳһŶεۣ
ǿŶΰ
Ѿû˴ﵽôĸ߶ˣ
۾ǸһСǱȺģ֮뾭ѵôϼҵĵ׷ɱ²ʧ˶֮Ǳ˸һΪԵľ۵书ˣ
Щϼҵɫ󣬱ۿԺӵʱҲǷľþȺӡ
˺ˣǿˣ
ɢ˰ɣ
ɢ˰ɣ
Щϼҵĵǵ֪۵ĺϢ֮о񣬸ԾԵƬ֮ȫԻصԭλãҵҵۿԺӻѲܵ
һ·Ժ֮˫ԭͲѪ˿ӵɺ첢δȥԽϵҲԽԽࡣ
ʵҲ֪ԼӷгҪʲô
ֻԺľҪЩȥټڷ䵱ˣҪխĿռᣡ
ڴӷ֮߳ҪȥģҪʲô۵Ժȴûиӡģ
ûмƻ
֪۾Ȼɽ
飡
ͨͨ
ʱ˿̣ǽɽˣ
һֱѹƵҲԳ׵ķйˣ

ſ˫ֻۣӿֱӽиոճɽٶȳʯ˷ĩƬ
ڡ
ԼڷбչĲͻȻյ˫Ǻɵüͷ
ôǿҵȻԼ֮ڵĻ
⼸գҿİæڣոս˶εΪûͣͣżһٵŶεơ
ʱ䲻һֱڿ̿Ŭš
Ȼ
Ȼڲ뻹δĳɹ̤Ŷεʱ򣬱Ѿ˳Լ
˭
뻺Լ֮ڵüĽȥ濴ȥˡ
ʵѾѡˡ
Ⱥס
һ㰲ϾСܶ鴦ǲܵġ
ϼһá
ҡ
֮Ĵʧҵġ
϶Ҽˣ¶ҼҲ约ˣһһأûʲôõ֮ˡ
ѡ˶õܶɽݴҼλã书Ϊ棬ŸոΡ
ҡ
ϱҼһҶˡ

1667 ȥ2

ʣµĵʾ͸˵ˣҲĴӱҼֶѡһҼסλá
ˡ
ôһлᳬԼģҲֻʣˡ
Ȼ֮⣬ȴ֮еģ
۵츳ͱȲߣ֮ǰûʧʱͲ۵Ķֻ֣ǡ
ֻǲ֡
ҪͻűҪģ书츳߾״ﵽ
֮⼸˽ΪҽԼٵҶ˵õȷǺЧԼŻ˽
ʲôûˣ
üĽ뵽˼УڼͻƵıԼĶ죬ǲ֣ʲôֻ̼ۣǸŽ۵书˲ģ
ţҲǱڷסˡ
û˼£Բ㻺˵֮ڵ̧ȱŲӳԺȥ
üյĹӷгˣȻûע⵽ůࡣ
ԭŵĵƾͱȽ⣬ҲǱȱĵطů
Ǽûж죬ȴҲɪģڣ̤ŵ˲䣬һ۾֮ڵĴȻ
ð
ң书֮󣬲뾪ķ֣ԼٸоҲҪȴǰá
ԶԶıɽϿŵҰţԶɽĺˮʵ
ůӣǿĿ


ӷ̤һ˲䣬һ·ϲٵҵĵӹĳŲʺãҲͬ鼫õͬǵͷк
һ·ԼԺӣûԥĳ۵Ժȥ
ҲսСµʱˣ˴˵ĻӦöˣҲʱ˵ˡ
Ȼ
û뵽ǣ۵ԺӵʱȴѾԼԺӵС

ЩϼҵĵӼ֮ĳŲ밲
Ǽأ
΢΢üͷǰЩϼҵҲǼĹĻǼոճȥȥʲôطȴû˵
Ȳ뿪ѯʣЩϼҵĵǱ˵۵ȥ򣬲һߵĲϸǼոͻƵŶΡ
ʲôطȶԼ书ɣ
ЩϼҵɫΣ鼤̲סͲôϢ

С
˵ͷǼʱǼһ˵ҹ
۵ǽ书ˡ
ĸоûдȻڲڣҲûʲô
Ҷϰ֮ˣǺҪľ͸ģЩʱҪ츳ΪҪ
֮ǰ˶ǰ㡣
Ҳ֪ʲôʱɴ಻ˣ»Լͺˣ
⡭۶ѾɹͻƵŶΣԼҲǲиˣ
űٶ۷ԼԺӡ
ЩϼҵĵǹĳŲȥķͷǣ
ż֮ǶȻ㱨ģ
ЩϼҵӵıԺԳһˣʱϢ֮󣬲ҲصԼķ俪ʼٶȵԼĵ֮ڵϢֿʼ۾ѵš
ɽڡ
һй֮󣬽ɽ㱻ݻٵԽǽ壬ź
ոճҶҵڵϣʮֵɪ
һ޼ɵķйֻ֮õ֮ڸտʼƺҪըѿڵʵˡ
еɺ콥ȥϵĹưҲʧ
һеһе׳٣һֵø˵飬Ǵʱ۵Уȴûа㲨ϲãǡ
ʣµľֻãȻˡ
ԣãȻ
 վԭأɵĿԼ˫֣ǲ֪ոһжǳԼһ㣬ɽĿǽ壬ɵģ
üĽվԭؿԼ˫ãһеɻãȻȻȥһΣߵķȴǻŵķ
ʲôһ㣬ֻĿһڵķ󡭡
ȻǴɽʱֱӳŵķȥ
۲ţҪȥģ
ѲҪ뿪𣡣
ֻǲĿһֱۣͷҲأߵľ

ɽ档
֮󣬶īƶī׽ϵԺתЩ
㣬֮ô죿
ī׺ãȻĿŶīƣҺǽ뿪ɽʱǷɽȥ
ǵ뿪֮·һˡ
뿪ŵʱǽĵģĴ̤һʣµıֻãȻˣ
ǽСڳģûʲô飬һе񶼺İȫڲһʽ

1668 Զֿ

һֱһ塣
ȻĴ֣֮ܵ˵е˸񣬹ϵá
ǹŴȺӵ
֮ڣճ趼ǿͳһԸģҪôǲרŵĵӣڹ涨ʱ֮ȥɹٷĵӡ
īƺͶī׿˵ܶǧֲʺİ
ҪǺʱѧ˼֣߳ŵûС
ȻǺѧЩȴҲֻƤë
ҪҪƽȥúõĻȥȴҲǼ򵥵顣
ڽȫûĿʱһԵҪ
īôһʳڣīϵıҲŽӲ
ֻǶ̶̵ĹīƵѾ˾
īϵҲҪˣٶȸ·Ҳʲô
ī׿ŶīƾĵȴŶīƵľ
īǱĿŶīס
īףǱ㶯ǰȥɡ
ջϢΪͨĵط
˵ʱ䣬īƺͶīȺҲ˵˲Ĺ֮ڵϢ
ΪҪıʵۻ˵顣
īһҪ籨
ĹǺƴܲɷֵĹϵġ
һѩĳС
һǶīƵѡˣֻʣһңˡ
Ϊ֮ƣīֻдŶīȥͶѰı֮أŻѰһ籨
ԣīصĵ˵ͷҲû⣬ĹǣͶ磬ѾˣٴȥʲôطĽŲ˲ܵʲôʱ򶼾Բֿġ
á
īƽ߬Ŷī׵֣ҲǱüǽܲܵʲôʱ򣬶ֿ
ţ
īصĵͷ˵ǶѸ٣ܿģ˱ʰң뿪ջһ·֮£ǰ


ƴǺֻȴѾʱʹҲպõ˳ľڡ
΢μ̫ϻʣ̫ϡ
⣬ֻƴǵ̫̫ϻʣʹ㿪ڲûʲô׵ĵط
΢»֮뼸λǰμ»ʵǻĵ񣬻̫ϻʺ̫ﲻҪܾ
³ĻʵǳƸ裬ԳƸС˶֪⳯ƿֻƴǵС
ҲֻֻƴǰȥƸ衣
ʹ쳣ƴǺֻϵıҲǺͰס
ƴ֣صؽʹ˹ϸĹۿ
ȻҪǻѡǵܱϢһ޵ġ

ת֮Ļʵۡ
Ҳ֪ϻʵȪ֪ʱǻһ룬ԼȻַһƥ̰Ķǣһ·Լλá
ֻ˵ĻȴǺ
˵Ľɽ
ǳϻʵۣԼԼûеڻλ֮Ϻ԰գҪλͣøɽλãõĹɽ
һȷѪɣƴûۼȴǲĵġ
û˻Ը׵Ľɽ仹Ǹ˽ɫԵϻʵۣ
ڻλ֮ˡ
ıλ
˼⣬ƴǽط£ǹһĨЦЦĻȣĿȴûʲô仯Ŀʹ
Ȼ
»ʵǻҪ飬ޱȻǻǰȥʹҪġ
޷Ըǳĳе֮󣬱ǰȥ
ʹƴô˵ʱɵһϵıҲǸæлл̫ϻʣл̫
Ȼˣô΢һˡ
֮ǰ滹ƴǺֻ᲻Ըǵǰȥأ
Ͼ»ʵǻȷҪ飬ǳ̫ϻʺ̫λͬ˲ԸԹȥһ˵ĻڳеλĴ󳼣ֻҲԴƴǼѡѡǰȥأܱԼĹ֮⣬Ѻ֮ˣҲģ»ǲʹʱȴʲô취ؽֱͺˡ
ѾõƴǺֻϿ֮ʹʹԲˣҪȥĵطţͲˡ
ʹƴǺֻ˹ֱ㹭ˣվԭصֻƴǵϱȴء
ƴǣǸ»ʵ֣µǲ˹һͬǰȥμĵǻ䣬Ȼǲ⣬ȴǵһȷѪꡣ

1669 ĸû

ȻֻҲ֪»ʵ۾ԼƴʲôȥĵطֻʲôޣǱͼıֱֻһнⲻĹϡ
ܽⲻĹϸĻһж
һ֮жȻΣյġ
ֻʺ͵ǣƴϵıأȴûı仯ȻֻЩΣպʱƴǾѾе鶼ǺˣҽеĿܶ˼ˡ
ϲû̫ı仯һĿĿֻ
һ֮еȷǺѣһ¿±Ҫ֪ˡ
ƴǳ룬ջǾԼеĲ²ֻ֪Ҫ£ҪԼһȥѡڳȺƴǶԽֻѡ
ʲô˵ֻƴϱôأ֪һʲôҪ顣
˵ʱֻҲǲɵøŽ
ֻǳֿŵĿ⣬ƴǻؿ˵ԭǴŵ֮ͬ˵װ׸һ
ΪҵҲǲȷ᲻ɹǼȻһιǣ˵ѾǺܳˡ
ƴ˵ʱĿ
ȻˣǱֱ˵ĺ˵ֻҪ׼Ϳˡ
ƴԽôڣֻԽΪţֻע֮£ƴǻ뵽⡣
ĸû
˻
ʶֻɵõһ
˵ʲôֻƴô˵ʱ˽Ӳԭأ׻
ĸûֻһֱڻɣҶԼֱȻƶƴǿ˵ʱȴȫȻ˸ģ
ƴһԸʵأûаյĻǾԲ˵ֻװ׸һġ
Լϱô֣أ˵ʱ˵Ҳûǿû
ֵĲȴǲǧˡ
ֻһܣǾƴǵѾȷˣƴǵѾʼĪĸ׵жϺ˼ˡ
ʯ֮䣬ֻͻȻƴǶԼô˵˼ˡ
ƴǣôִҪȥǰ׼ôãΪҵĸ׶𣿡
ҵĸ׾𣿡
ֻͻȻ׹Ϊʲôһ˼ǵƴǻͻȻѡðǰȥһˡ
ϾĳöǣƴǵļϣҪʵǴˣ㲻ΪˣΪ˳İգƴҲҪԼһʲôǱҪóİˮ֮ˡƴȴѡôðա
ԭΪԼĸס
ֻĪжһɸж֮ĸѾ˲˵мʱ򣬵ĵʱֻƴǵĸмȴϲ˵ҲǱжġ
ƴǾһˣƽʱ˵̫ֻ˿ԼܵĻǻΪֻǽнԶĵۺˣȻƴôԼ˵ʱֻǸжǽǰסƴǣƴǣлл㡣
ллӦ˵ڣֻȴ̲ס˵˳ҲǶƴеĸл
ƴֻӦʱϻһĨЦݣֻıŻУԼ°ֻĶͷ֮ϣֻ̰㡣
˵ǿˡ
һ֮ǲҲ˰ɣ
Ҫ׼һ֮в򵥡
ƴѾƺһУʮ˽ԼԸ
ֻͻȻò˼
ԼոջΪƴǵѡ;̫ðʧ̲סȰʵȴԼˡ
ҲԼĿǳ
ֻЩ˼ܿƴĿ⾼صĵͷף
ƴȻƶԼĸǻϵĵģƴǵȴƶһִУ һȻԼĸס
ԡ
ƴԥһֱûֱ˵ĺԼ˵ĸ׻ţ飡
ƴҲԼǰװ׵ĸһȻ޾ʧ
ƴصֻ룬ֻҲģ
һ֮Ҫǰȥ»ãֻһ߿ܣҲҪԹȥȥҵҵĸףҲڵңһʲôԵģ򲻿ܶҺϸô궼Ҳǲʲܡ
ֻ̬ƶ˵ʱϵıеغࡣ
ֻ˫ڵ˫棬˵ʱ˸ġ
ֻҪһĸ׿ڴʱ˿վʲô˵Ŀĥţֻľͺǵһܡ

1670 Ŀ


ԼΪĸ׵ŮȴֻĿĸܿ࣬ʲôﲻԼĸףԼĸĶ֪
̫ԼΪˣ
ôҲǰ˼ӡ
ϧȱĸ
ִǹŴʱֻûܺúõļԼĸףûܹĸĹػҲΪˣֻĿء
ԼҲϧģ
ִʱĸҲͰˣܺ춷ڣڵ֪ĸ׻пܻŵʱֻƴԼȫҲȻҪĸ׸Ȼģ
ƴ̾˿ֻǾɫϵı˵ʱҲǸѹ
ǿ϶鰡һ˾ѪҲܶԼ޶á
һ˵Լ޶ãϲةࡣ
Ҳãϳֻϸ֮׵ˡ
ϲة࣬Լ治ϲµĺӣԺһۡ
ôԼҲܲܵġ
ǣôʱ棬ֻʧةĸŮ棬ϸ궪Ҳ
ͺ˼һ
ô
ΨһĽ;ֻʣһ
Ǿֻĸ׻ţѾվûжɣ˴Ϣ
ʲôطԲŲܻЩҪˡ
ƴǼȻ²⣬ֻ֤ĸ׺ܿĻ
ôǸ»ͼıڵƴǺֻƴǺֻҲԥǸ
Ҫһȥ
˼ֻ֮ҲԽļᶨ̲סǰƴǵ֣ʲôʱʲôطûҵĸڣΣյĵطҲԥĺһ𡣡
ֻ֮֮ǰȰ˵ƴҪ֣صĿһ£ֻֻֻ̰ҪƴǣֻʵʵڵĴĵƴǵİΣǡ
ֻ㿪֮ƴǵЦԽů
Ȼֻ֪ô˵ֻΪԼİȫ룬ҲֻȰ˵Ҫȥñȥ
֪ġ
һֱ֪
µ˾ôЩǲ˵˵ҲǱ˴˵ղġ
ֻϵıԼǹģƴǻĿ˵֪һҶ֪
£ֻҲɲ١
һЦ޸Ǣ
Ҳûٶ˵ȥ˷ʱ䡣
֮ǰΪıڵԼжʱǴܻ䣬֪Լĸ׿ܾԼ
ֻҲûй˼ɡ
Բԣֻ˼ɵģҲܲôˡ
ֻǱһɼ͵ģ㵽
ͿԿȥѰԼĸףսԼĸ״ӻоȳ
һĸĸо
Ȼ
ȻֻڵģԼĸһ
ǣǣϾرģ˽ֻΪԼĸһЩ
ǿ׼ȥɣڵʱˡֻ̲סȰ˵ƴǡ
ƴǼ״ɵôǹһĨЦݣֻʱĪ᣺á
ˡ
ƴǵĻ¡
ǧӰƴǵӰõƴǺֻǰ
μӣʺ
һ׼ѾԸȥ׼Ӻͻʺʱ
ǧƴǵٻ֮󣬱ǹĳ˵ù˹֣һһʮĽе㱨ˡ
µϱȴЩɣĺӲŸոճ־˱ߵشʱ˿ڼеϸ״̬ǲá
ҪʱƴǰȥĻǲҪþõʱٶȻ
µ˵ϸ״̬֮⣬ΪĵǸճĺӻ᲻ỹıʡ
Ҫл˳ǲڳʱĺٶ֣ĺҲġ
Ī˵ԼĺӻΣգϸҲǻȥ˰ɣ
Ҫϸߣ֪뷨˽һ˼ң֮ҵΪ룬һ˵ûдġ
ʵûа취˵ԼǣֻҪһ뵽ϸ滨ģ±ú׶Ĵ̹һܡ
ָо
ǽĿںѹһʯͷһ
ƴµĻ֮󣬲ɵó˳Ŀ⣬üҲŽšƴǵȴǴŭģ֣ص˼˵Ļ͹ǡ
ǧĿ˸
ǻδǧڰƴ飬ƴǱѾµĿڣ˵ͷҲá
ڳæտɣ
Ƭ֮䣬ƴѾ˾
˷ǰȥѾ˴ȥ뾳˹ֻгðȻƴǲܳ׵ķȥκε顣

1671 Ҫһȥ

һǰȥĻȷǴ˲ٵǰȥģҪǰ˶ˣǽڹʱҲǻǼ֡
ƴǵĻ֮Ǹм֮飺лӣлӣ
ɡ
ƴǵĿڣ˸־μǧڳ֮аæƴǣȻ㹻ˣ±ΪܵܣͶ˺ܶѡĿռ䡣
ߣ˫ӵ飬Ҳ²ͬʱǧǰһСķ粨
ô˵Ҳȷίˡ
Ϊǣϸ꣬ǸճĺӣҲ֮飬ʵƴǵĽ¡
ĽµǣңΪ˵ĺӶľ
ҪԼֻܺиӵĻ
뵽⣬ƴǵⲻɵó˼֣ڣǽе鶼Ѿźˣ
ǳɣֻһЦЦʱĻա
ȱѾ׼
һ˴ӹʱ򣬱ֱǧ;ػֻƴǵ棬ִһѵصľһͬС
Ȼڶ˳ʱһϤӰȴֱӵסһǰеȥ·ǡ

ôˣ
ǧϵı΢ЩɣȴǲԼžǽסнĶ飬ǰӣ
ǰͻȻ֣סǵȥ·

ֻǧǰ㱨Ļ֮ͬƴ໥һ֮󣬱ǿ˵һȥ˵һ˵ɣ
ҲȻ֪ĸ׵Ϣĸ׿Źǵȥ·Ҫһȥɣ
ֻĻȻô˵ģϾֻĳԹˣƴмڽ治ĵԣֻ֮ƴҲ漴ֻ
ֻϾֻ֮飬ƴǵûж˵ֱӳһ£ĬĬվֻ󣬾ĵȴֻ￪˵
ˡ
ֻ֪ĸ׼п黹ǸոƴǸ֪ԼģǴӺε֪ģѵǴǸĿ֪ģ

첽ǰץסֻ˫֣һ˫ˮĿҲǵǵĿֻҪһǰȥ
ô꣬һֱ䱼һֱѰ𣬿ϧһ˵޵ģ鵽Ҳһ
ƴǺֻĸһֱвԼˣֻʣѰֻĸôһźˡ
֪˻֮˵ʲô׷ġ
֮ǰ㵣ϸӣֵһ᲻Ҫһ˳֮ұһֱĻּңչϸ갲̥
ڣϸѾƽˡ
̬ȼ֮ǰΪϸֻֻ꣬˼ɣﱾҲǷĲϸһĬĬĳʹ࣬ԣֻֻǿڣһڴӦ
ûʲôġ
ڣϸѾƽˡ
һ£ҲûκεĹ˼ˣֻʣѰֻĸһһҪ顣
ƴǺֻϢʱ಻ܿƵ飬Ҳŷִġ
ô꣬ҲӴô꣬Ƕ˽ġ
ܻ֪䣬ֲǾ֪ģֻ֪ںεأȴûǸȨų
ԣôʱԼϢвԼǵԼҪ׷ʽĵʱȴ޻˵ѾֵĲˣ
֮Ϊʲôԭ涼ȷһ飬֮ȻŲɻȱĹϵģҵˣǸĻʵۡ
ôĽҲϲѯ˿ÿǸʱ򣬶ĪҲѴĿ֮䶼ںǸϾġ
ҵˣͼıҪ¶ɽ
ˣҲݹصˡ
Ͼҵĵӡ
гһʵԼԸ¶ؽɽٶͳһֻǻΪ۵ĻôͺܾܿҸҪֵĻʵۡ
ɵѡȻǺžϵġ
֮⣬벻ʲôҽϾô꣬˷ôʱѪΨһĿܾǸ»ʵ
ԣ棬Ҳ˸󵨵Ĳ²ġ
Ǿǡ
Ǹ˼ޣҧгȴ޿κε
ܿҲҵˡ
ֻ޷϶ǣ֪ΪʲôϣշתΪʲôܻԼĽϵ

1672 ֪Χͺðˣ

Ͼǿĺ޹
ⲻҪ
ֻҪܴŵжҵˣһͱúð˺ܶˣҲѰԼĽʱҲܶĿͷˣ
شıʡ
óԹǰȥһ
ıʲôֻݲ²⵽ǶԻǴҪһ˽ĽӴϸȥ۲ǸһһܵóۣԶڳľڣֻ²ĻԶҵġ
Ҳ뵽Ǹеȥһ
˵ľҵĽ㣬֮ϲ
ֻüĽôʱϵıҲǱúĹǲǲ
ƴǵȷĹˣһִУʵ˵ʵƴǺֻҲʮİյģ˭Ҳ֪᲻Σա
Ǹ»ʵǸȥ׼ʲôǣıǾϲδ֪ġ
һˣǶһΣգѾˣҪΪ˾Լĸ׶ܵ˺ôֻһӶûа취ȥԭԼˡ
ǽ˲书ֻ֣صĵ˵ͷãǱһȥɡ
뷨ģôѰĸף·ǳΪ֧úûȥΨһϣͼֵĵطôһֱΪѰĸ׵Ŭţֻô˽
õ͹ҪڳȥϸĺӣӦѡ뷨һǰȥ
лл㡣
̫ˡ
ֻʱĿֿ˵ллӦǻǣллôȥʼնԻĸ׶չ˺̻
˷ǰȥҪҵֻĸףΣգһͬǰȥĻô˵ллҲӦֻǡ
ϾҲǴԼĸżǡ
һллֻʵҵ
ˣˡ֮㲻˵ˡ¶˺ƵЦݣֻԴϸĵֻ÷䴹鷢ĿǴȰ
ССһβֻ֮һͬһ˱Ҳûκι˼ɣҲûκسȥˡ
ֻ뿪˳֮һӰҴҵĴ۷ֱֱıּҶȥ
ּҡ
ºƴǴкֱ֮ӻص˼Уϸߡ
ǸճĶԽĻϲ޲һʮʱһֱӵԣʲôҲʲôҲȥ룬˻ΪҸˡ
ϸľ״̬´粽֮ҲǺ˺ܶ࣬ϴӨӨĺ
ةҲǿһ
ȻҲǾľİæչϸֶӡ
һڣȻ¸ոϸ˺ʳ֮ϵıȴͻȻ
ô˽򡣡
ȻͻȻס˽Ųɵɻ˳ڡ
֮ǰúõģһ׼һأôͻȻͣһɫ
ֻϵذֶδ٣СĵضȻ˵ȻͻȻһЩ飬ұҪȥһ¡
ϸȽչˣûҵĻǧҪԳţ֪𣿡ϵıͻȻأҲ
ȻȻ֪ʲô飬ǿµ״̬Ҳвɵÿһϵıһأʳµн˹֮صĵͷǣģһúõչϸġ
ֻҲҪСĵ㡣ȻԼĹģ΢΢һЦصĵͷ֪İɣõңҺܿͻ
ϸڵ״̬ոպתʲôԼȥ£Ҳǲ׵ٸϸڴ̼ϸˡ
ȻȻҲǺĪĬȻȴ޵ĵǣȥӰȻȻĻص棬װûģЦӯӯĿϸꡣ
ŵǷḻһҪһЩĻָ壬úõĴǵС
Ȼ뿪ڣϸҲǲɵĨΣĿȰĿŴŵιĻϲĵ˵ͷ
ǰɲҪһЩջָ壬ԴϸոӣֻΪ滶ϲȻЩ˲žӴǰʵ϶ӵĳɳȴǰֶʹġ
Ϊĸ׵ֻһԿŸżΡ
ճʳҩ棬ϸҲϸİմǿҩжѺȣֻǳԵĶжģϸ궼ϸմĶһͲķá

1673 ϼҼٶţ1

ľҪܿתԺúõչԼĶˡ
ϸ걻ԼιĻ˹ȥȻʵһ
ûá
Ȼ⺢ӾϸߣҲֻӣϸԵ½Ĵڡ
룬Ȼ߲ŸոյһΪϸѯȥĶˣǲȻһʱϸעµϡ
ϸЩŵĳȥϵĽ֮Ҳ֪ϸΪܹţΪϸԽԽԽǿ
֮ǰ²ּҵʱϸջţҹ¡
»֮ϸ֮ڿµĻҲʮż²ŻǰǿҵҪصּϸߣҲȫȻûеġ
ո»ЦĶԼ˵ҪԼԵĵһȥȡһЩͺһţѾôˣȴûм¡
ȥˣ
ϸĴһûƼµӰ֮󣬱ЩļĿȻͼȻõشˣ
ȻϸôѯԼµʱʶĲɵжһ
ˡ
ողų⣬¶˹ȥû뵽û˲Ĺϸٶҿʼ׷µ䣬ȻɫĪЩţĿҲ
ǺܿȻǿԼпٵӦԵİ취
Ƭ֮䣬ȻѾ˸λش
㣬˵ͻȻһ˻ڳ˵Ҫȥ˹Ȼз͵ֶܺš
ֻǽ㣬ǹ˰
֪Ȼڻǹһˣ㻹ͽܣǽȻ˲ͳ˶أ
Ȼǻȥˡ
ΪתϸĿ꣬Լ¶óϸ꿪Ц
ǵȷЧġ
ϸ꿴װԴ׵ģȻɵЦ
ԭǵģʵЩ˾͹ˣ׼ôˣҸͳԲꡣ
Ȼô˵ϸȷʵһĨ۵ЦݣĸǱ¶ԼůˣⱲ±ΪҸˡ
ȻѧˣȻҲ֪Ȥˣ
֪㲻˼ģ
ϸ걻Ȼôһ˵ǲ˼ĵͷȻ˵Ļϸ겻ص˵ͷݺЦĿȻ
ȻҲæˣŽһŰɣǽ˵ʲôźźġ
ʱҲ಻١
տһرϸʱڹߣеȷڵġ
տܱȵԼտŻϸģ
ȻССͣȴʱæտϸǴ߸мȻġ
ʵ˵ʵ
ةкܶŮһദʱõģҪϸȻ˰ɡ
УҲҪϸȻ֮ĹϵΪ׽ˡ
ֻͲ˵ˣı޸˳ɵĻʵۣԴ˱һһĸڻƴǵߣƽʱûµʱҪڹ档
ʱߣҲٻ¾͸Ҫ˵ˣԶȥǽü˼涼£Ҫ̸ˡ
Ȼһֱסּңϸһ𣬽˵ĸҲǺܿ£ڣҲǸҪõġ
µʱ໥ȤҲûʲô
ðϸ㣬ȻͲ
ȻҲֱܾӹɵϸԣЦǺǵģ˵ʱ򻹲ŸйɵֶӶŪһ
ԺվŵȴɫֱӴӷгˣԺһӰҲǺܻܲӭĳ֡
ɫĿԺͻȻֵһӰĳȷʵԾر˳ֱӾǵӰǰ
Ŀ䣬ڳʲô
ƴǺֻŸո뿪˳
ԼҲǲŻصּҡ
ǧƴǺֻһͬȥ
ʱĳӦԴʱϼҼȴͻȻڳľڣҪ׼ʲôıˡ
㲻ǣϼҼҲǸʲôö
µ浱㾯
˭Ҳ˺ĺӣ˭Ҳ˺ϱ
Ѿ˵һνѵˣµľҲʱκζԿܶĺӺϱΣյʱѡĶǺԥֱӰĳԸΣյˡ
ضûУ
οǰʮϼҼ
µûƴôȻϼҼôĴ֮󣬻һ٣ٶȥԭϼҼ

ϼҼҲͰˣȻϼҼ⿪ƳĽҩ
ϼҼǰ׹һˣ
̸Լǰ˵ţ

1674 ϼҼٶţ2

µĿУǲϼҼڷϻĻᣬֱĺǳǼҷκΣ
ҲٴʲôıƣǻȥҲһֹġ
µĿ⣬޲ֱӽϼҼǧС
ɱˣҪǿɱ˵Ļ
ϼҼµע֮£ǧˣ
µϼҼ̬ƽƵۿһ˫ӣĿȴּĴš
ǰ㼱еģǡѰʲôϵһ㡣
Լʲôûֱӱµ˵ԴϼҼڿ㾯迴ԼʱϼҼҲûаŭ
ϼҼס˽ŲӵĿڣҲҪʲôҲҪ˺˭ģֻһˡ
ġ
Ҽɣ
ϼҼ㿪֮󣬲ɵüĽȻֻƬ̵Ĺ±ֱӾܾϼҼҪĿڣڣϽߣĪҪˣʲôУ˵ʲôҶǾԲţҲǾԲܹģ
Ѿ̫ϼҼƺͿˣھϼҼѻ˵컨׹µҲǽа̣ȥ
һȫȻûˣ˵ʲôͽͣ
¾ܾĸɴ࣬ǲŰ档
ȻϼҼȴǼȵĿ£ֱӽµĲˣǽеעǷ˵Ļ棡
ôܲڣ
һʱﻹּҵġ
żյĹ
Ȼôŵĵӻȥţ˵ϼҼһĹûе飬ӱ޵ĸϹˣ
ʱ˻ʲôıʣϼҼּҵʱŻ˫ɺ죬Ǽ۵ģ
ּ֪ңûб˼ֻЩҪμԼͬ˵һ˵Ҽ֮һֱ뿪ʲô鷳
ϼҼٶȿڣѾԼ°˳ҲڸԼľġ
Լû˼ֻΪҪˣ
ҪǽϼҼôϼҼʵʵİԼҪ飬ͲּңֻǸ鷳
·ҪŵĻôϼҼҲװݵģ

ǲװݣĲݣ
Ҫ
˵˲ھǲڡ
ôôˣ˻ǲǣ
ҪҺ˵Σﲻ
ʱ̱Լľ裬ǶϼҼûκģ˵ʲôҪȥѰ˭֪ǲϼҼĽڣֻһµı
ϼҼ˵Ѱģ˭֪᲻ϼҼﵱƣ˵Ҫ˵һЩ飬ȴǰºģ׼ԸּҺּҵЩˣ
򲻸ϼҼģ
ʱһּҵЩˣ¿ɾѴˣ
ƴǺֻߵʱĽеļ˶
ûֻ⽻ѾϸˣôϸҲԼˡ
Щ˱˱ǲֻ˵ҲǻþȫĻּҺּЩˣϸǻԼĺġ
ϼҼµпǼΪΣյĴڡ
˵ʲôϼҼٻκһˣ
ĳѾ°˳˲ĹֱָϼҼĲ
¸Ǳڣ˵һΣ黹û˲صĵزʱϽߣ
ҲãǼٵҲգҪٳǼң
룬ȾˣҲڶ̶ֳȣ˻ɣ
䣬˵ÿһ仰ǰĮ룬ָϼҼʹԽȴû˿η塣
ҪִⴳĻǱ书ߵͰɡ
һ򲻷ϼҼ
ŵĵλߣʵҪ书ĻҲǺ޵ֿġ
ϼҼŴȰ˵Ļ仹Ӯһ±붼ҪΪԼĺӺּҵЩˣϼҼս
µľ棬ϼҼϵɫʱ⽫ЩϼҵӶͻš
ΪϼҼЩϼҵΪԼԼԲűкġ
бҪЩϼҵ¶ͻصţͻص֮ڣ
ϾԼûʲôˣûʲôںˣϼҵȴǼҶ֮ڡ
Żһţе鶼֮󣬱ԥֱӴ뿪
ǰֻиȨƣһһҪǻΪۣΪµס
ԴӾƺͱı֮ϼҼ㿪ʼô󳹴ҲֻȨƺ͸󣬷һЩǰԼԵøҪΪҪı
һֱҸúõĺǸ

1675 ϼҼٶţ3

Ҹվǰúõ˵һԼ뷨ԭԼôȻǽԴϲ顣
ﲻԸԭԼĻϼҼҲԸһ֤ԼĻڹϣܿԭԼһ졣
ȻϼҼôҲ벻ԼǴһƬ֮ĵּҵʱۼžͺһţȴ¸⣡
ϼҼβߣ
ʵҲȫµϵģ
ϼҼҹ·״̬ǲһ˫ƵҲǲ˺Ѫ˿ִżɱա
ټϼҼǼٵ¸ˡ
ϼҼһǿԼĪҪ׶ŭԼ֮ǰһȫ˰׷ˣ
ûб˼ֻҪ㲻ҵĻұ㣬ȥгҼҲС
ϼҼ˼תתԼǰȷ˺ܶ£µԼԸԼ˵ĻҲǵȷģôһˡ
վԺȺ°ȥҲС
û뵽ϼҼѾôãȻϻǲͷ˵˼ˣﲻּңѾˣҪԵĵطȥҪԺǼģ
һαܾϼҼٺõ̬ٺõҲ̲סˡ
׻ϼȨϼҼϼҼǹɰҲûиıġ
£ϼҼɫҲ˲ˡ
ϷѾ̬Դǿеںĺ㿪ڣƴãȴһֱűҪ
ϼҼǵ涯ŭˣ
ȻˣǾͲҪϷ㲻ˡ
վԼĹ͵ߣҪûдԼĹ͵ߵʱôһбʲô˵
ĴԼϺ͵ߵʱ򣬱֪ǿҲǻΪάԼϺӵƴȫģ
ϼҼ֪Լǰȷ˺ܶĴ¡
˶ͶľҲ֮еģѾ֪ڸˣѾεķŵ̬һٵĿ֤Լû˼ԸԺȴȥˡ
Ǽˣ»Ҫ֡
ãȻֱ֣Ӷֺˣȵ¸ǯס֮ٽȥԺҲһġ
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飬飬顣
ͨͨ
ϼҼϼҼ
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ھƴǺվϼҼǰϼҼĶĻϼҼҲŵȥġ
ϼҼܴˣҪҪϼҼĻҲҪķһģ
£Ȼ츳ܸߣվᣬȱʱĥ
ϼҼһĲġ
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˵Ӱֻǹ˼غ֮±·硣
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ʼϼҼģھͳϼҼֻػռȨ
ϼҼҲԸ¾ֱֽ̧ӳ˳µؿںȥ
飡
ͣ
һʱ֮òֱӱϼҼĿڣһѪֱӴӿ˳
״ϼҼŲҪԺȥ
û뵽µ۾
ôУ˵ʲôϼҼԺ߿˭֪ڴʲô˼Ҫ˭ĺӻϱѾҲܲκεĴ̼ˡ
һκҪǻǱϼҼߵĻϸһġ
ºݺݵҧƬ֮ڶ̧еĳֱֱĳϼҼȥ
ಡ
þȫģеĳƳյʱĽ
ϼҼҲǳصģµͻȻϮǴжһ˲䣬Ѿ
̫̫ˡ
ϷһֻҪҵϷҪ˺㣬ں㶯ֵ ʱǶ㴦ģ㵹ã
ϼҼĿ˫Ƶۿ£һ˫۾ĿȴǿҪ¸һ㣡
㵹ãȻҪϷ򣡡
ϼҼĿѩǷӦѸٵķֱ֣ӽµץסˡ
ꡪ

Ĺͷ˲Ժ𣬶ҰµĲҽе֮֮ĴҲǳ׵ľּеˡ
ϸȥϱ龪ţĿʱ̵ĳԺȥʲôˣ

ʧٵѾּ˶òľԱڲ˵ʲôЩʶ溦£ĻʲôҪڶĺӲ

1676 ϼҼٶţ4

ϸ˲ˣֱӽرڻУһ𣬵ǣܿģϸˡ
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ʲô飬ҲȻ㿴˵𣿡
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ϸѾιغ֮Ȼ͵͵ĽŴһ϶ŵĿԺ
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֮ǰܹιһνѵˣֻּҵİȫҲǲҷˣּҿİԸѵأ书ǿĵİб
ϼҼȻ֣´һţЩҲ׷׵ŵ׼ϼҼķ˳ۼսС
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˭
ΪҪҼң
ةȻǲ书ĵģǱϾǵһةˣôᱻСŵգȴҲǱŸе侲ġ
ةݵһ˫ƵĿȴǺĵĶϼҼǵӰϡ
ϼҼڿֵʱϵıҲ΢΢˱仯
ةҲգ
ة֮ϼҼŭԽԽˣϾҲС
ϼҼ֮ǰ׷ֻĸôöûܳɹϼҼϧñɵֶвֻĸףòֻĸ״ӦҪԼס
˭֪ȴڴֻ֮ĸˣ
ϼҼ
־޴統ֻĸʹûдӦԼҪĸ˳ĵĶأ
ϼҼһ
Ѱֻĸ޹˼һƵϼҼò
˭֪ȥˣȻ𳤵һģһֻֻϸꡣ
ʱϼҼ˲׹
Լ׷ѰŮˣԼı֮£װ׵ıةƥ
ϼҼֻҪһ飬㲻ɵһѻ

1677 ϼҼٶţ5

ֻǴǰϼҼȨҲæȨλԱû϶ټֻϸ궼ôˣϼҼ֪ˣʣ˺ӣҲûа취ˣ
ة϶ɱˣҲܸı˱˵Ůˣ˱˵ĺʵԡ
ϼҼɴͲȥˡ
װԼ֪ˡ
ԣ滹ô
취ҲȷЧϼҼô֮ Ȼʹˡ
û뵽ѰʱȻƥ
Щ׵ٶȸԺУеıҲӿͷ
һ£ϼҼ۵ŭȫһ̱˳
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ϼҼɫ̧֮ǽµĹ俪һԾֱӵةǰ
ϼҼ̧гֱӶةĿڳ˹ȥ϶һûأȻҵǰš
ǵ治֪ôд𣿡
ãϷ˳ȽĶˣȥϷҪ飬Ϸ
ϼҼڣɱȻٳظȴΣңϼҼĹʱة˫ݵϲδаֵľ£ĿĿϼҼ
ġ
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ͨ
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Ȼ֮ǰһ˲ϼҼĶ֣ڷ˷飬ǻһ̶ϼԼǱܣԼս˲Щ
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Ȼǰźõѡô
书Ͳ棬Ҫˣ
һ²ϼҼĶ֣ûϵôʮ书ģѵϼҼĶ
δԵ̫Цˣ
ԡ
ЩƴǺֻǰźõѡü絽ս֮еʱԺĴ򶷽֮˴ķתϼҼȻ֮ơ
ϼҼɫŤĿĸˣǣȴģòԼԶôʱ䵽˳
ȴɼ
ۼߵԽԽ࣬ΧԼôȥĻϼҼȴҲĺôͻġ
Ҫ˵ؽԺˣ
У
ôȥˣ
ҪҸİ취
Ƭ֮䣬ϼҼѾ˽İ취ɫԼߣ
ֱӲܲˣԺС

Ѿˣֻ˵һЩҪҪ㣬˵Ļƴһһô׵ؾ뿪ּҵġ
ϼҼþȫĴ󺰣ּҳǰЩΧԼ֮⣬Ҳûκζ
ǴͷβûгϼҼǰ
µɫ
ϸ껹أ
ľ֮ǰֶܲκεĴ̼ģ
ܴ򶷵Ķô죬ȴǲ̫źŵϸ꣬ʱϸ⣬û뵽ϼҼϲģ
Ȼ˴󺰴
ºˣԼʵѾȻкȻȥοϸ꣬Ҳסˣ
ƥ
˫죬ڶڵϣ
ǸĴۣ춼ôսթƥˣ

1678 ϼҼٶţ5

·ߣƫ
ϼҼҪֱӽ˹֮뿪ҲͰˣܲڴ׷ţȻϼҼȥ
ϼҼȻôԼҴŻĵؾ֮ڣصּɧǣôá
ȻˣͰˣ
ˢˢˢ
飡
ͨͨ
ЩµķԸ֮ΧϼҼʱ֮ѾϼҼϳѪۡ
ԽԽҡ
ϼҼеţ¸տʼ˵ˡ
ûּˡ
ȻֳôĶô춼ûУ
ԲʯĳˣĹŲԼĻҲǻжġ
ϼҼʲôûио
ҪǲĻﻹȥأ
ϼҼʱһֱ·ϱҲûʱɹȥı仯ϢȻ֪ƴǺֻѾǰȥˡ
ҲǸ˭ƴǺֻһͬȥ
ϼҼֻĻϲֱӴŸϻ˳ֱ˵ĳּҹˣҪ
û뵽㲻㡣
ȴּңϼҼͻȻʧȥĿˣտʼŻʱϼҼ滹
ֻҪͬ˵뷨ͱʾԺľģԭԼҲõһ
û뵽ոջص˳ֱ֮ӸԼһˮ
ʵǲпġ
Ī˵лվǰͬ˵ŶԲ𣬽֮ǰҪһﶼʮѣȥĶ˶֪
һŨŨĴܸжʱĵָоϼҼеǧŭͺǴ޻һ
ġ
þȫǱ˾ģǶԷȴʲôûҲʲôû˵ĻᶼԼ
ָоϼҼһɴ֮⣬ϼҼеˣ
ϼҼĿݵģϼҼ˲˰ء
ǺڵʱԼôô嶯ûµȰ˵ںˡ
Ѿ¸ˣ
ʼʱҪǿѯǲּҵĻǵģ
ˣֱ˵ĸԼڣѾͶԷ֮󣬻ô׵¡
ҪʱԼ¾ûпȥĶ֪֪ҪȥģǾԲٿˡ
ǻҲǲ׵ģ͸ҪָʱԼ﾿ȥˣ
ϼҼĿ˸üĽ壬Ŭں¶ֵʱѰһʵԼеĳ˻ͬºЩʽһȫλ÷Χ֮⡣
˲
ϼҼѾ֪Լˣȴɲϡ
ǳϣҲҪԵһЩػصĽڡ
򣬿ܲ䲻֪ϼҼԺҲԶûа취˵ǰˣ
ҵȻѰģںǿЦҲںˣʲôıƣҸûеҪƭǡ
ϼҼľǿͼ˵£ĴˣҪԸǵĻҴԴϼҵĵһּͬҡ
ƴǺֻǲôػּҵİҲǶȻסҵĽŲġ
ϼҼĿ˸ͣϷһˣôһȺΧ
֮վǺú˵ֻΪǰ˺ܶ£ٺǼִʱ˺޹ǲˣҲҪóϷĳ⣡
ҪǸ±ȵ̫һ֣Ϸ򲻻ôģ
ǵĳ̶ȣϷ㡣
ܷ֪䣬Ը˵ĻϷȻмԶð
ϼҼɫǲãһ仰û˼ֱӵµǰ˵
¿ڿ˵ҪƵƵּҴš
ǣϼҼĺһ£ּʲôֵϼҼģ
ûаɣ
ôϱиմĶӣ
ܸʲô
׸ϼҼϼҼҪģ
ȫǸ׸
»ǵɱӣ
ϼҼѾǽԼ̬ŵˣҪǴǰ
Ǻǣƾ»Ҫͣ
δ̫ˣ
ϼҵǰֱӽ¸ʬˣ
Ρ
ɫҲûģֱӾܾϼҼҪȻȴµ֮ڶϼҼľϵʱ
ة෴ǻǰס¡
£һ£
ةڣ˵仰֮ٶ֣
ة༰ʱĿֹסµĶ⡭
һ˲ЩɵģֻƬ̵Ĺѹȥá
ɣ

1679 ϼҼٶţ6

ةڳĳΪٶ꣬ǸˣͬķģҲǲʵˣϼҼôĴ£ʱةȴԼϼҼ֡
ΪةԼġ
ߣة໹Լˣǲű˵ϣǿϸϣة࿪ڣҲҪӦģ
󣬱㳯ôİ˰֣һȺˢˢĸةλãϼҼҲĿɵĿة໺ĵԼǰ
ϼҼǲã
ʱݵõŵϼҼȻҲֵҪةƥ򿪿ڸԼܻȥĵزˣ
ϼҼةʱ򣬶ةŲƣȴһ˫۾Ŀ⾫ҲڴϼҼ
ϼҼ㼱ȵģ˵ٻִֵģ˵ʲôҪ浱ʲôҪҪİɣ
ȻϼҼո˵Щһ㣬ϼҼʵûбҪһǰּӡ
ةൽҲǱ򶨣¶˺ܶྭ˵ķҲ׼˺ܶ࣬ϼҼŵģةѰҪɣϾϼҼ
֮ʲô飬ҲӦ޷ֺͽġ
ة´ϼҼϣͼϼҼҵһȻϼҼϿ˺ܾãة඼ûв쳣
ˣة㳹׵ķҲ׿١
ݴȵͬϼҼڡ
ȷڸϣѾˡ
ȻϿңֻǵҪϷּҵҲûбҪִ㣬ȷʵǲڸϵġ
ةû̫ı飬˵ȴǽŷġ
ңة࿪֮ǰϼҼѾĲּˣ
ǡ
ϼҼةĺѵʱ滹Ǹмġ
ϼҼһʱ֮ЩӣһҪõֻĸףҪͬةԣҪɱة۵С
û뵽ؼʱة಻кԼƽϣȥݴȵԭԼһ֪
ôȽҲԵԼΪձˣһʱ֮䣬ǽϼҼ硣
ϼҼпţة൹ǻã浽ϼҼû̫뷨ֻǵ˵ʵˣ
ϼҼȷ˺ܶ໵£ȷʵةûйϵةҲ֪ϼҼʲôֻǴŵ֪Ǹ˶ѡ
ǲٻˣֻҪԼϲ˵ǰվûдġ
ֻһִһ㣬ةĳЩ̶ЩϼҼ뷨ġ
ΪҲйе뷨йһУֻҪҵҪҵ˰ˡ
ɣǰϼҼǶֻĸŸģڹô֮󣬾ϼҼԼҲ֪ϲ˭ҪѰҵ˭
Ǿ˲ϼҼｫôֻ᲻޾ɺãΪԹ˵ͬة໹ǺԸæϼҼһεġ
ڰæϼҼŷյģǸԼοһ㣬ةҪϼҼʵ
ȷ׷⣬»ҵǵټ
Ѿǰȥˡ
ةĿЩʪǰĪĸһ㣬ĵĿڡ
ةĿƵ˵ЩϼҼĿ⸴ӵؿһة࣬ǺܿϼҼûгɵĳȥתߵļ
ϼҼةཫ˵Ļ٣ةҲûбҪƭҲò˵ϼҼòԸةΪˣɱֻǼô棬˵˼仰֮
ϼҼة˱Ѿ˶λȻةòѾ٣ͷס
ةΪ˴ȴǳϿҡ
ˣҲѹֵֻĸڱƼ£ѡ޸ʲôɡ
һϼҼҲԸںةƽϣҵΪҪһˣľԶĴˣ
ϼҼѾ̫̫ãһϼҼҲǸٴˡ
Ȼ
л
ϼҼ˼վǳϼĿתԺة໺ſڡ
򵥵˵ô֡
ȷʵةϻһĨοЦݡ
Щ˲ǵݵĵز
Щʱֻǲһ仰ĹͨܺúõĽ˴˵ⶼ˵ٺõĽ֣Ѱһ취ʱôٸӵҲ׵Ľ⿪
ûбҪҪɱɱֵĳ̶ȡ
ةϲһĨοЦݣ۾ȴةķӦعˣΪʲôҪںεأ

1680 Ĳ˳ʺ

²Ŀة࣬ʵǾЩĪ
һҪҪʲôıںǺӺͻʺ𣿡
ɽ׸ıơ
ϼҼ˾ǹĲ˳ʺ
ĲӦö˵ϻӦֱ˵Ľɱˣ

պ
;Բκεķϻͺ¶ˣ
һݣ
µĵǵʱةǼҡҡͷ
˵ʱ̬Ҳޱȵƶġ
ôʲôıƵģҲԲȥ˺ˣ
һ˵۾ǾԲƭ˵ġ
Ҫ˵ѵʱҪţҲҪ滰Ȼ˵ʱԼŷǻ˵ʲô
֮ǰة۲쵽ϼҼĻ滰ҲżٻĻôϼҼҪҪͽͣһ滰
һ㣬ةƶ
Ҳ֪ة྿ĸоֱة࣬ϼҼǲˣ
ϼҼǰ㼱ȵӦֻЩʲôҪҪԺ˵Ҫģ˵ĵȷе𣿡
ةûм˵뷨Ƿһ£ǳ׵Ľ¸סˡ
ǰ
ϼҼʱ˵ĻҲȫ޵ġ
ϼҼҪּһǺԼȥҪϸ꺢ӵĻôֱʹôϼҵĵǰƴǺƴߵʱ˲ٵİǣȴ赲Щ书ǿϼҵӵĽŲ
ϼҼʲôûֻһּѾ̶˵ĳ̬ȺȻϼҼϳĻڹΪʲô˲ܸһأ
Ҫ޿ˣʱϼҼǽ˴֮䶼˼ص֮
ĺ
ةĿ֮ϱ鸴ӣ˲ָ
¹Ŀة࣬ҳة๰˹֣ǣ˽ѵǣŮ˵Ľ̻壡
ϼҼѾˣôҲǹܲˣϼҼĵȥƴǺֻҲûʲôõĵˡ
ôƾƴǺֻı£书ǸϼҼҲû취
ƺҲûʲôԵĵĵطˡ
¸˵ģŮĲԡ
½еİ°źȥ֮ٶȹĳة๰˹֡
ԺͽŮǰȥϢɣ
á
ةȰЦŵ˵ͷĿ£ô˵
ôŮǶΪˡ
ŮȻãվ̫أǷֱڳΪʵۡ
˵ˣ̫Զˡ
顣
þöǺİʲôֱ
ڸǰģʲôʲô˵ʱʱ̶̿ǳԼǰǿҲةģ
ةͻص˷֮󣬽һԺߵǱ±ٶȽԼеĳպã㼱Ҵҵ»صϸ档
ʱϸѾµĲУɫףеιȴǽıţȻ״̬Ҳãľսһվţ
µ±㱻ϸģŵˣĵۣ
½Ųɵ÷ɿ죬˲ĹѾ˴齱ߵϸԣĽҲϸڻУĿڰοϸ꣬ûµģûµġ
Ҫ¡
۵ؽɪɪϸ걧ڻУţҪģܷʲôҶᱣͱǵĺӵģͲҪ£֪𣿡
ңֻҪͺڣôǲʲôΣգҶȥı
Ҫ鲻Ǻ£ӦôźӼǿվҵҪˡ
ͻȻЩĿڣ֪𣿡
Ȼ㻹ǺµĻǾǴ治ˣ
żֳĻʱϸȴĿжصĵͷţ֪ˡ
£Բ𣬶ҵĴԺ󲻻ˣ
뿪ңԶ뿪ң𡣡
˵ĹϸϱѾ滨ˣ
ǶߵһסĴۿе䡣
ԭһ£ȴڿϸ޵ĵģʱϵ֮ʧǶǰСϸõ۽ǵۡ
µĺ´һ
á
ܵʲôʱҶ뿪ģҴӦ㣡
Զߵġ
˵ǰǶôļ꣬Ƕôĳ嶯ϸǰʱ¾ͺòһ㡣
ϸ˵ʲôʲôҲ ϸߡ
ܾǽѰɣ
ϸ꣬µĽѣһӣ¶Ҫϸˣ

1681 һ仰˵

ǣγֲһҸأ
һԵȻϸ½ȷʵɵòĽҲټˣ
Ȼûж˵䣬ȻĴӷ˳һϸĵ غ˷š
ǣӷгʱȻȴĽ
ʲôʱҲ½ϸõɷʲôʱʲô£ʲôΣա
ֻҪɷߣûʲôúµĵطˡ

ϼҼһ·ɱּҵһξġ
ة˵ģѾƴǺֻ뿪˳ĵؾôϼҼԼҪһһҹĸ·ܺ
ԼҪ·ϵʱĻǵƴǺֻﵽڣԼҪȥĻѶȱӡ
Ͼһ˽⣬ľȴȫȻİģڲϤʱǻʶһֶδ֪Ŀ־塣
Щ˵ʺãܽССĿ־ѹȥЩ˵ʲãѹȥˣǻᱻ޵ķŴ󣬵ʱֻԽԽ
ԼδȥľڣҲ֪Ȩִ˾˭
ֻʲô飿
ϼҼȻȨƺ͹֮ûʲô̫츳ȴǸɵӣϼһϼҼƱԼĹ֮ġ
֮ϼҼľΪߵôæڴŵʱû˼ȥ̫ϢֻһҪ
ԲŻ㼱ȡ
ةֻǼ̵ļ仰Ľ֮ϼҼ˲ڵ˽⡣
ֻƴǳĻϺͻʺ
ʮҪ飬ǾԲ׵뿪ԼĹҺͳתȥĵطġ
ة˵ȴǴʱѾ˳ľڣǰôȻĹڷҪ飬ƴǺֻһǰȥ
˿صȻᣬԣ׼ȷ˵һĻϺͻʺ𽵹Ķ·һ̫㡣
ԣϼҼЩĲ²ˣ
ҪôˣҪô»ʵǻҲԭĻ壬ôңֵƴǺֻȥӡ
ϼҼԳĳͳеֲʵİҪİĵطȥѰԼҪѰҵǴ룬ѶӵĲֹһ뵽ϼҼĽŲ㲻ɵøӿļ֣ŬĵṦһ·׷档
һͷҡҡλΣƴǺֻ֮ڡ
ƴǾ֮ڻֻڣֶŮˣƴǱ㲻֮ͣϣǧǣһƥ
֮ƴǱֱУҡҡλε棬ȴǵǣ鿴ãֻ״ЩĿѯʳڣôˣ
ʲô𣿡
Ϊʲô䣿
ֻϹŵЦݣеĿϣĿ˵ʲôѣʲô˼ɵĻֱ˵ǴҲа취һͽ
ߣѪ֮ףҲΪ׽ˣʲô黹ҪҵĻô˭Ҫأ
ֻֿĿ⣬еĳѹȥ˼ͨ͸һˣôܻ᲻ֻ˵˵Ǹأ
ֻЩȷǺҪҪ˵ͬһ飬ҪһЩȴڸ˽¡
ʵǶԼҲǶõһ취ǼȻֻѾôˣôҲʲôŤˣֱ˵ĺֻ˵ԼҲûʲôܵġ
ô֮㻺ĿڵʵҲʲô뷨͹ǣֻҵ㵱ʱߵʱǴæԼûܺúõĹ۲ϱ飬ûע⵽쳣ýΣĥʱ˽쳣ûýһ˹뿪ǰŽĻҲôʹҲˡ
Ҳˡ
ʵֻ뷨һģǶֻĸͻȻ뿪ʧٸΡ
ûܺúõչԼĽ㡣
θûܰϽֺ
ô˵ֻҲǱܸӡ
ֻе뷨һġ
ԼΪΣ޲ԼĸſѺĥؿɼ
˭ܱأ
˶ǲ뿴Լĸܵίġ

1682 һ仰˵2

ڵĸܵвҲΪģӦð´ֱӹֻϣֱӹҲǲԵġ
ֻŵ̾һ֮󣬸ǰο̫ģһἪġ
Ƕ뿴ģҲȻҲǺûаֵĹϵġϾǵʦԼѡ񣬶ֻҪ֮Ϳˣ˵һ֮ܽɹľͳôǾûˡ
Ȼֻ˶
ֻܹҪһЩĽǶҲͬ˱ֻ̲סȰ˵
վƾ̺书ţǣҲһлԼŰ취ԼѾġ
ûеôѣǶˡ
˵ʱֻϲɵóһĨЦݣǽ֣ĿֿĿڣҪ飬̾ϢҪŬȥ׼Žлҵĸ֮ڶȫ
ǶõİҲ֮£õѡ񡣡
ֻЦᡣ
ʵҲǣԼĸ׼ȻһƾԼ߳һ湬ĳɾֻͣûۼԼĸףȴǲԼĸ׾ǶôǳڵĲŮ
ŮˣεأԼҵһʵĻᣬԼĿûеôѡ
õĻĻĸһץסǸԼġ
һ㣬ֻʼնš
ʵֻ֤Ĳ²ⲢûдֻȰ˵֮ϵıҲźתֻ࣬ʱĿο
ֻĳˣҲܶ¡
ССͱľ͸򣬿ЩһӶûа취ôﵽֻ߶ȵģ
ҪܿڵӾͺˣȻͬĿģһˡ
ǰڵֻǿϢǷִֺͼֳ侲㣬ǲѧȥģ󣬴СǧС㣬ô˾ḻͶԴĿ
ԼﳤЩء
ĽҪ֪ԼŮûĸ׵ıӻȴܹɳô㣬һζЦѵġ
룬Ļֻ֮ȴݸЦЦģ綼ῴģҲǳ綼οͶԻĵģ
ǣ˵ǡ
ֻĻʾʮֵͬȰĿֻʱȴͻȻԼǰŵʱˡ

ҲйһӣϧϧȴûܱסǸ䡣
ЩϧԼǸûеǱסĻ᲻ںֻһĻÿɰֳȶµϧأ
Ӧǻİɣ
ϾҲʮ»̥ĺӡ
Ͼͽ˫ãĺҲӦ̫ĲģϾֻôĶ£µ˾ۡ
۽Щʪֻ޽ǻ鷢һһġ
ãڿһϡ䱦һ㣬ϧͷܿı㱻ѹȥ
ȻûԼĺӣǽӾͺĺһģѾֻϸ궼Լĺӡ
񿴼ֻڣϸҲƽ˶ӡ
ǾãûκεźˣʣµͿԺ޹ǵأȫȫأȥѰԼĽ㣬ԼĽͳຣˡ
ֶŮ˽̸ʱֻź潥һ󼱴ٵĿӱ޵
ݼݼݡ
ٵ˲ɵͷһ̧ͷ˳Ŵȥϵıű𺳡
쿴
ֻԼǰӰ𺳵ˣ𾪵Ļȴ˵һû˵ȥ˳ֻĿ⣬ͬԴķ
ͬʱϵı龪㵣ѷɫֻϵı龪ȡ
Ǹĳһи·ˣǱˡ
ǽǵĲϼҼ
ϼҼѾôϼҵӻȥ
ôٶȳڳľڣҡô֪ǵڣ׷˹ģ
ֻϼҼǳһеĶ׷ģ
һнĶ鵱УϼҼε׷ŵˣҲֻһˣ
ˣǾϼҼҪ׷ģҲûнںɾģ
ֻɫͳ
ģû뵽ϼҼȻʼôҪҪƤġ
ξҲͰˣȻҵô˵׷ǵԼƴǶǲڵ
֮ǰϼҼһǿôϼҵӵϣϾǷڡ
ôڶϼҵƴǲܶɱˣ

1683 һ仰˵3

ȥҲãͲ֮ĸҲܵӰ죡
ԣѣΰϼҼҲһˣ
ΪϼҼʹ˸Ĺ£û뵽ϼҼҪģûʵʵĻȥ֮ڼβˣǻҳҡ
ϼҼ滹ҪˣʲôУ
ֻôɫǾ
֮ǰܺúõϧҲôĽͱˣϧʱȴûкúϧһ˺
֮棬ϼҼҲûкúõĸ˵Լ⣬ѡ˴ôϼҵ»ţ߾ˣ
ǰﵱʲôˣ
ǰѸ鵱ʲôˣ
ǾøЩһ
Ҫ׷ŵʱͻȥ׷ţҪ־Ϳƨߵĺԥ
ĵ
׷ŶٵĳŶǰǰϼҼȴǲ֪ʱ˿еֻ뷨ġ
ֻǣֻ뷨ȫ
ǵģֻֻϼҼѾ˾ǾǷŲЩȨƺ֮ǰ飬ֻǼװαװġ
û뵽˾ˣȻҲ֪ĵϢȻһ·ӳ׷
ǲ򵥡
ֻɫȴûжѯʵϡ
ֻһǿԼǸϼҼôûƤûǿɶǲɶ񣬾ñԭ£Ӧñԭ£һе鶼ǺԼûйϵġ
žȨ
ҪԭҺúõĺһĻôֻΪΪˣǾԲ׵ĸľѡġ
ﲻټϼҼҶϼҼҲԭĻ
ôֻΪΨһˣҲǻվ԰æȥһк֮ǣǻ᲻ϧԼҲҪǸϼҼΪѣ
ϼҼ뿪ǰ

أ
ϧֻעܾãȷʵǲڣҲûԼ̬ȡ
ֻЩżˣ֪ԥ̲סѯʵ
Ӧ÷ԸͣȥǷԸߣȫ˶װûзôˡ
ֻʳڣϵı任վ˺һ㣬ĮĿ˵
˴ڰɡ
£ǿԼջؿϼҼµص档
áֻԥĵ˵ͷֻôһ仰ѾнٶȣֻǶϼҼ׷޶ãһ˼ӿ˶нٶȡ
ȥȫǰаֵĵʱ䣬Ҫ֮Խɽ
ֻ䣬ЩеҲǹӦ
ǣ
ʺ
ǡ
ֻ֮󣬺òΪϼҼŬľΪЩͻȻٶȣ˲书˺ܶࡣ
ºˡ
ϼҼ֮ľԽԽԶˣ
ϼҼɫȷʵûֹͣŬĻӶŵĿҲǼ۵һ׷
ͣһ£ҪҪ˵
ͣһ£ͣһ¡
ϼҼȵٸһλᣬûıˡ
ϼҼѸٵĻӶеޣϱء
Ȼڸ·ϼҼںʱȷʵż˾һξ룬ҲԼ
ûκεķӦϼҼҲƶĺţ^
^

ҪϼҼһ·ϸ·ʵ˷ʱ䣬Ǵŷɱ˳Ȼȥֱּ֮´ķôõĹټȥһ·׷
ôԶľ룬ϼҼֱӶԼṦͿ˵ǰˣ
ϧϼҼڽƣ֮ԻֵܼȫǿûͣϢѾǺŬˣҪ˵ȥ̶ȵĺķṦȥ׷ˣ
ǣԽΪϼҼԽߣ
Ҫú̸̸һ𡣡
ϼҼıԼȺź㿴ʶķϣǷһķϣͣҰҪ˵Ļ˵𣿡
׻˵ĺá
һշްն
ֺοôõķޣʲô˲ټһĻҲӦǽе鶼˵̯ڱ˴˵ǰܽľͺúõĽ
ҪǲܽĻǾͺúõظ𣬶Ƕʲô˵Ƕ
֮ĹϵҲûиȷ̬أ
ϼҼѾ֪Լˣһоͻ͹ԭԼˣ
ô治ԭϼҼӦñϼҼһ˵Լ״ĻᣬȻںúõĸ
Ҳ㲻ѷһ

1684 һշްն

˭֪ϼҼȻᵽ˷һȴǽߵ˲ɫ
һ
̸֮˵ɷһ
֮ϼҼʱӿ
Ƿʹ;ⱲӶǣô꣬Թ޻ڵϼҼϼҼԼ⣬ϼҼԼԹޡ
ҲһֱϣϼҼлͷԼĴڣϧϼҼһĶȨƺͳ޸ɱ˫ˣ
㶼ĥǱ䱾
һշްն
ǸʱϼҼһշްն仰
ڣѾڽݸ鿴ǿԼϼҼʱϼҼȴԼǰ̸һշްն
ÿЦ
ǰϲʱ۾ûԼҪȨƵʱ۾ͬûԼ
ϼҼô꣬Ƕûеȵôƾʲôأ
δ̫ƽˡ
ڵϼҼǰ￪ģˣ˿Σ
ڽҿЩòϵ˰̣
ùܣٶȳڣ̬ȺǼ
״ֻҲ㲻ٶԣǷԸȥȫ٣Ҫ֮ǰƽĵľڣ
ϵƴüĽƳԶǵϼҼӰĿⲻɵó˼֣˳˼
ϼҼ˾٣Щֵģ
Ҫ˵ʶºԼĸ飬ΪԣԹԭ򣬿Լģ֪Լϲ˭
һҲûд
ǣЩȻʱ򣬶 ΪԷǺǸж飬ֻĴǡ
ԡ
ǲǼʱĻͷҲִЩεĸоɡ
ǣϼҼȻ֪Լģδ̫ͻȻ
ʲôû
ʲôû˵ֻǻһϼҼŵĮ룬
̬ҲǱȴǰϼҼΪĮƫƫôĹϼҼȻˣ֪Լϲʵǻĸףˣ
ЩЦ
ѲϼҼǼƤӣ
ϲϼҼʱϼҼǶ￹ܣﲻϲֻϲȴҲҪϼҼʱϼҼǾ鲻ԾͷҪ׷ˣ
ҪǵĻǻǻüˣ
ƴֻúһͷ

鲢ûбô򵥣ϼҼ֮Իת䣬ҲлҪУֻǴҶһ
˼ǵ
ƴǲźۼĽԼϼҼ˻װûзϼҼĴһ㣬ֻҲֹ

ϼҼĻڸҲãǼαװҲգǶһһûаúµĵط
ƴǺֻ˵ĶߵԭԽ죬ϼҼɫɵĸˣ
Ͳˣ
ﻹĶһӲɣ
ĵطϼҼĿⲻɵ˸һĨϼҼԼҲ֪žȻݵı顣
ֻΪɽ׸ıưɣ
ڱ米֮ϼҼԼķܶĿµĶ塣
ƴǺֻǿѾǲɵġ
ԼôҲԲ˵Ķ֣ǿжȥ²ֻ֮أЩԼϼҵӣҲǻøҵ³ֻƴȴǰȻġ
δ̫ˣ
ϼҼȻɥĲ񣬵ȴзִģЩ׷ԼŵϼҵӣϼҼԼΨһƺ˵ĵ
ôӶΪԼƴǺֻĻôԼԱϣǽҲǹһˣ޷֮㣬Ҫ˵ͼıˣ
ϼҼѡһеİ취
һװɶԻλҲûκε뷨һװ֪ԼǰǷ˴£ʼ򣬿ԭ¡
ƴǺֻɾ裬ŽӽĻᣬҲܺǻһͬжڴϢķ棬ͼıķϣϼҼŲСĺô
Ͼ
֪֪˲ܰս𣡣
ϼҼ̴û뵽ϼҼ̴ȻƴǺֻľԻִţʵǳԼ󣡣
ҲϼҼɫúܲã
һԸ߰ԴӳΪŵϼҼ֮󣬱ûжκ˵͹ͷûһκͱ˵ǫ
飬ҲǱĹǰԭ£
Ҳû
ϼҼһδεںͷϴҪѰߣȴʼնԭԼһ̨ҲϸԼ

1685 ҵģ

߽ϼҼɫѿҲǵ̵ļޡ
ϼҼлӶųµŷɳ۵ĿǿȴǲԾĳнĶһ䣺Ҫļˣ
ҽһ鶼ãɹƴǺֻǱõԼҪĶ֮󣬶Ȼúõĺѿ
ϼҼŭڡ
˻
ϼҼôţлӶ޵ٶȱԽԽ졣
ܲסеȡ˷һĳнĶ鱼˹ȥܿ죬ٶȽ֮ľʱϼҼѾ͵Լ̬ٶȳнĶŭ


㣬Ĳԭң˵ΪҼң
ٳûлӦ׷ϼҼ뾡һеİ취ںЩ˴ڨ
Ϊ滹ҵģ𣿡
һֱӱӱʵҲӱԼģɣ
ϼҼĿԼĸżΡ
֮ǰζԼģϼҼĿ
Ů
ļƤӡ
֮ǰԼϲʱȴʼնԼϵĻҲ˵ļΪģʲôֻǷʲô飬׵뿪ԼһֱԼģ
ںˣ
ϼҼǰϴԭµʱﷴҪӣ
ԣϼҼУŻǸ￴Ŀ
ƫƫҪǰŸǲǣ
ôſȥ綼ڵģ
ʱ˿ϼҼҲ˲ôˣʲô棬ʲô϶ҪõǸȨƸΪҪֻнԼ϶ڽŵ£ҵʲô鶼ûз
ԼӮӮģܽһʵʩԼļƻ
ϼҼϵظ仰СҴı
һŽԼǳ׵ƽˣ
ϼҼ˵һнĶһŭš
ֻҪ˵һЩˣǷô꣬ʲô飬ѵ˵𣿡
ԺٺһˣôҪõİɣ
ܲʲô˵ֱӸˣ
㵽ǲҼ棬ǲķֱ𣡣
ϼҼǱƼˣֶ˵ĳڡ
Ȼò˵ֵķȴǼҪֻĶеʱֻɫЩ԰ס
ֻǽеķӦֻŵ̾һĿȰ˵

ҪȻͳȥһɣ
˵ʱֻĿΪƽĿ˵ʵϼҼ˵ĻûôģҪô֮ĹϵܹҪúõ˶ϺãõĵģȻĻȥҲô
¶Ҫʼյġ
ʹʹ
Ҳǰ취ʱӦ취Ľˣܵ˺
ʱֹ𣬾ô
Ҫһǣ
˼ҪûϼҼϣôֻǴҲôȰ˵ġ
ǿϵΪʹı飬ֻǵȻˡ
Ӳ
ϲϳԼ滹ϼҼģǶϼҼεġ
ϵıѾ˵һУ治ϼҼģذϼҼ
ֻ֮飬޷׵ԭϼҼˣ
˵ֻҲĵۡ
ͬãȴĿ鲻˳նԼϲˣԼϲȴյĥԼ
ϻϣⶼһ޴ĥ
ֻְõĸġ
ǣԹȻҲϼҼģϼҼҲŬҪԭ£βԼһᣬҲǸϼҼһᣬúõĽ˵أ
ǵģϼҼ֮ǰȷ˺ܶ಻ˡ飬ǣǷԺҲǻһ¸ĻᣬֺοϼҼ
ϼҼĻ߼Ѿ˾Ҫ׵˶֮ĸ飬ôҲûʲôҪ飬ϼҼһ׷һǾ仰
ԹȥϼҼúõļ棬Ȼ˺úõ̸һ̸õ֣ǻָ֮ˣҲϼҼҲûκεĹϵٸϼҼκεĽӽˣ
Ժɽˮ
ҪĶҪȥģǿԵģҲܵκε
ҪùڵϼҼľݡ
òǴӱ˵߳ЩϼҼĴˣϼҼÿζʱʱǰʱʱѹ
Ǹĥ

1686 ʹʹ

΢΢ֻ̧̧Ľ֮վ̲סſս˫֣ϵıҲǸŸ
ҡҡλȴ˲ͣһֻ֮󣬼ֻ֣صĿԼͷԼĵʱҲǻ
һֱ׷ϼҼ״ɵһķѾ
ҪٲıͣĻϼҼ֪ôźˣ
ڲĻϼҼûˣҲټ׷ȥˣ
ȥʲô踺أʲôͶϡ
ί߻˵ĻôֱӦٺƴǻֻӲӲһȥҲô꣡
ʮ֮һú
ϼҼŻԼ˹ǽЩ뷨˼ѹȥĿٶȻָᣬεĿڿϳˣڿ˵ˡ
ϼҼЩʵةĿûдһˣ˵ʲôȻģ˵ѵʱʶ涼ǻһЩĸģ򡭡
ǻ˵֮󣬲ƭκˣҪƭԼ¡
ԡ
ϼҼҪƭӽȡƴǺֻǲ١
ǣϼҼŷҪƭʱĸҲǻȻ˱仯
ڲ֪УϼҼƭҲͬƭϼҼԼ
ﻺĳԼ߹ʱϼҼϵĻϲҲǵ淢ĵģ
أ
ϼҼһʵı֣ϱ鵹ʼڵȻû̫ĲϼҼЩ֮Ҳöģֱ˵˵⡣
أ
֮Ϊֻ˵Ļԡ
ѾϼҼ˷̫õʱˡ
ٲã滹ϲϼҼѾزϼҼô޷ԭµĴ¡
Ҳʱи˽ˡ
Բ˵ʲô涼Ѿһ־̬ʮּؿϼҼأ
촽΢ٶȽԼŵĻظһ飬ϼҼҲͬԼ
ĪĲе˼ϣ
ûϣͲʧ
Ͳˣ
Ȼ
ֺһˮֱӽϼҼԴһ㣬ϼҼͷţĻϲ׼õ˵ҲȫȻûĵط
𣿡
һΣϼҼûмȥĿĵϣͼһ˫ڵпʵ뷨
ϼҼ뿴ǣڿԼʱǻٻԼ뷨ȴҪǿĮ룬˵ĻҲֻһʱʵȴںԼںҪġ
ϧ
ϼҼôϴǻϵı鶼Լʧġ
ûκεҲûκεںûκεǴʱ˿̣ϵıƽ˵ĻʱҲ˵
ɫȻģѾ㹻ĳ̶˵ϼҼ뷨һжֻˣΪǰˣ
ʵϣ沢ҲܹݣֻǵģҪõ飬Ȼ󳹵׵ĺԼϵ
ʱ䣬һִܸϮϼҼͷ
ȻƴЩ֮ӱȲϣʱҲǷģҲнյĳɾͣС
оˣ
ƽ￴º͵ģƽ׽˵ģĵ˵µʱһ˺ģĳȻӲԼŵ̬ͣҲɲܸıѾ¶õľġ
ϼҼһʱ֮䵹Щ֪ˣȻ֪ôˣ
֮ǰϼҼȷֿҪúõĺ˵һ˵˳ٻǰ飬Żɿɿ飬ںˡ
Ͳ˵ϻĻᣬϼҼҲãҲգ⻰ûа취˵ȥˡ
ϼҼüĽĿ⸴ӵĿżȴǳ׵ֹסˡ
á
ȻǺĵĲҪٺԼôԼͲ˵κεĻȴҲǿֱӸġ
ϼҼĳĬС
ϵı΢ٶȿڴߴţ֮ǰʱ˵֣顣
ȻִҪңҪҾ˶ϣôҾǰˣ
֮ǰҲ˵ˣὫңվǰҲǸõֳŵʱˡ
ϵıأ˵ĻҲǵĺǱ䣬ϼҼҲǶ˼̽˵ֻƭҵģ

1687 ͲӦñϣ

ʱ㾹ȻҪƭңʵ˵𣿡
Ȼƽˮģ˵ÿһ仰ȴǽϼҼ޿ɱ硣
ˣ֪Ӧöٱκεϣģ͵ûмɡ
ϼҼͷĬЦһٶȳͣ˻ȥ
ϼҼǰʱϵıʼǳȵģģתһ̣ȴʹһࡣ
ҪҪѧųҪѧŸԼϲȴʺԼĶͽг졣
Ѿ겻СˣӦսЩ쳾鿴ĺϼҼޡ
ֻĵģɵ̾˿ȴδ˵ֻǽƿ»󡭡
ֻǸԵ侲Ŀռ䡣
ڵʲʺ˵̫ĻģʺȥοӦø㹻Ŀռ䣬úõ侲һǶõĹģ
ʱҲֱֻӳĬ仰û˵
߰ɡ
ƴǵĿ˼ֻ֣ı龡۵ףȴǱĵĿڡ
һкƺƵĶٶȳʱϼҼǵӰҲͬʱٶ
ֻǣһκ֮ǰͬǣϼҼٴ󺰴Уֵûˡ
ĬĬĸеĶĺ档
ǰҲˡ
ʼնǱһΰȫľ룬Ще֮ڣȴҲóȻǰŵЩе飬Լ
Լŵġ

ڡ
ϱأԼ˫ŵһ˫峺˫ĿȴãȻɻġ
֣
֡
ȫȫ⹦صģҲûΪʲôΪʲôǳٳٶûа취ͻŶأ
뿪ʼˡ
֮ǰͻ˶εʱ̫˳ˣۼԼͲһͿͻŶˣÿζֻǲһ㣬һͿͻƵʱ
ҪһʱЩŵ֮ɢ
Ҳ֪
֮ǰ˶εʱ̫ɣ
ڵŶεʱγĪķ
Ҳ֪ŶΪϵѧûô򵥾ѧġ
Ҫʮٱ࣬пЩ˷ܶһӶ޷ɹĴﵽŶΡ
˵һ䲻ŵĻܶ˷ܶһӶ޷״ﵽ˶Σ
Ѿܾöûͻˣ֮ǰţ书ﵽ߶ΣѾٮٮˣ
ĳɾѾǺ컯ˡ
һѾγ֮󣬱ô׸ı˵ģ
ھô
Ҫ֮ǰûͻƵ˶Σôʱ˿ܻԼĳɾ͸кܸߣҲ˳
Ȼڳͷ֮ٸĴ˵γ˾ҵĲ࣬Ҳ׽ܵġ
ҪͻŶΣͻƲ˵Ļôǰװ׵˷ôõĻᣡ
ĿƣǾȻ˺ܾĵġ
ܷʲô飬ҲûʲôܺԼľĺ
ȻٶȵһεĳԵʱȴ˽ŲŲǼٻţ˲롣
Ҳ㽫Լò׵ٶѹ£ԼܳõĹ
վſڣۿǽŲҴɫŵĵӣĿڵʲôˣ
ȻŻŵģɺͳ
Ҳ֪Ϊ书߳ԭ򣬻ΪŵĴ
ֻڵĲʹǰĲ˵ƺٶźܴĲͬ
ǰĲǻѣʱ̶ǴЦݵģܼʲô飬ǼʲôЦģ
Ǳڼʱ鲻õ ҲᱻĺȾһˣ
ڵĲȴ֮ʶ͸¶ϣȻѾ˵λߵ
ΪݵĲͬҲΪľ˺ܶ࣬ҲǸó
Ҫѧ᳤ģھĳɳҲµĶˣ
µĵټģʱҲǲɵη壬漴㹧ع˲ǰĻǳһˡ
ǰŲ书ϼҵĵӡ
ԭϼҵҲܾãҪҪǰϼҵ㱨롣
Ҳ֪Ϊ֮ײܱ˴ŵġ

1688 ʧ

ҲʵǱƵûа취ǱֵĻҲҪðΣպͲ˵ϼҵ
Žĳ˴µʱǸʱҪٱĻǾҲѴˣ
ϼҵϸ潫һ֮󣬱Ų뿪ڡ
Ļʵвѵ飬Ҫˡ
ǰ㱨ϢϼҵӹĹڲǰ
˵ɡ
ȻԸȴǰȺĮ࣬ǲҲֱԵˣԼ书ڹؼʱڣҪͻƣҪĻȻ˴ˣòúǲʹ죬ǲҲû׷ǰ㱨ϢϼҵӵĹϼҵӵ浱ʲôҪأ
ܲ˵Ļᶼ˼ңֱϼҵӵ
ţϵıҲ࣬ûմӷгǱ߽üͷˣϼҵŲ벢ûǸԼ㱨֮ɵһϵıҲǸղǰš
ĻǼ֮ǰΪͻȻŶΣҪһĿռȥȹ̹뿪ԼԺӣǰȥɽչ֪ġ
ǼѾ˺ܳʱˡ
Ժ뿪֮ڻ
ʵǵǼǲǳʲôҪ飬ֻʲôΣգԲҽ㱨
þ
ǰ㱨ϢϼҵӽԼҪ˵Ļ˵֮㾲Ĺ˲ǰȴŲ뿪ڽ⡣
ϼҵ㱨֮󣬲ȷʵ𾪡
ʲô
ϵıϼҵӵĻ㱨֮Ŀ𺳡
˵ǼԴǰǰȥɽű֮Ҳûлˣ
ǡ
𺳵ķʵʱǰ㱨ϢϼҵǹĳŲ˵ͷʽĻش˲롣
˵Ļȷ˵ģҼԴ֮ǱҲûпˡ
ǲŻ²ʲôŻǰæ;ϵġ
۾Ȼʧˡ
ξһԺ洫Ķ֮Ѿ˶õʱѽ
ǲԼˣôõʱȴûл
ʧȥ䣿
ϼҵϽģҲӦ֮ǰѰҹ۵䣬һԲŻôŵֱӳԼǰҪѰԼİæ
ӦҲǵͶ·ʱ򣬿ôǸɽҪһĿռ䣬Ҫһطúõ̺ԼŵĹϼҵĵҲô춼Ǻ۵ģ
ΨһĿԾǣʧˣҿҲû֮ڣ
ԣЩϼҵӲŻҲˣ
ǶѾʱ۵ǲ֮ڻȥʲôطأ
Ҫȥʲôطأ
ʵǰ˼⡣
Ǽ㲻ĥ͸۵뷨ȴ֪鲢ûпƺʲôط粨ķӿҪץʱ佫ˣ۸һ
һ֮˭Ҳ޷Ԥĵģ
ϵıĪıЩرϼҵӸĿ˵ʲôһ̽о֮
Ǽʧ٣ôΣҲǵİ²
˵ʱ򣬲üģϵıĪ硣
Ҳ֪ǲԼĴ
ܾúϼҼôϼҵĵӻ֮󡭡
۵ΪͱÿʼЩˣ
۵ԺƢֻ߳ĺǳˣǲʲôסģ
ǣϼҼڴôϼҵĵӻŵʱȴʧȥ˴һϼҼΪС
ҪԼмţǸʱѾϼҼִôǲģ
󣬼ԼȰ˵ҲԼΪһȴҪǣԼ˸ǳһܣɢ
󣬲ڷпʼ䣬ۺҲԺš
ԼѸٵͻŶΣ
ǱѰ໥Ƚϵģ˱俪ʼ쳣˶Թ츳֮⻹Ҫ˼
ѰѰǶȻûа취׽ġ
⼸ɹͻ˶ε˾֪ˣǵĳɹǰѪģ
룬Ҳô֮˹İæ֮һ˶޷ͻơ
۾ƽƽĴԼķͻ𣿣
ʱĲΪһĶ棬ټ˵۳ȥɽȥչˣҲû⡣

1690 ͺǱӣ1

ع֮󣬱ûˣʲôûˣòײеõůȴת˲ţŵ̻ŵʱ
ȻŵʱˣʧȥٶҲܿ죬ƽ޹ʵ˸ѹ

ͬ˵ʱҲǺĲɡ
С㣬
ĿģۣæµĻǰ£ǵȰο滹Ĺ⣬ʱƽ֮ǻǿԺúõչġ
ǱϾǱ˵ĺӣΪ̫˼˺ԼеĹ⣬ô֮Ӧȥ
۽ЩʪʲôԼôӵĳ֣ѾĶˣ
úõϧĻʱ⺢ʲôʧ֮ıʹ׵ĳܵġ
׿㡣
Ѿˣ廹УȴҲûа취Ѫĺˡ
ɲҪ˵滹ˡ
ǾԲܵģ
ڵǺʹǰǽȻͬˣ
ǰһҪȥˣԱҲã3ҲգֻǸ˶ĵ죬ֻҪܰæԼĿģôίҲûʲôͲںԷ˭
Դ֮˴Ӹտʼϧ֣򲻻ȥӴˣ
ˣҲǾԻģ
֮ǰǶôûڲٺûޣ֪ڸ֮ôһҪӮı˵ء
Ϊ滹кܶ಻㣬ᱻ ڸ룬ĸ棬ûʸָһģ
ĵģĿ㻼ûʧôҲ̲ס
ȻڵıЩʧ䣬ֵúĸ˵ǣӶ˵һҪأкӵĴڣĴҽеӵ¡
ûǸӵĻüٺͱǻ֮ǰΪ˴ﵽԼĿĶֶΡ
ãѪԣ
Ҳڻڴĺһ졣
Դ˵ĺӣпԼ˵ĺӵʱǸ缺ԼеĺӳĻôǸӵĺã뺣ıѾ֪˽ˡ
ΪһӵĳĹƵĻһٺòˡ
ӻͷ𲻻
ȻӣϻͷĻҲһһ˸˵飡
һ·ߵĺģϣܿƵһģ
ôţıȰ˵С㣬ǸӵĻӦǸӵĸ˵ģ˵ǸѾԼĸףĸ׶Ĺذˡ
ûʲôȴĸ׵ҪҸ飬𣿡
һǸͬܵġ
ҪǴСʧȥĸףʧȥĸ׵ıӻֺô·ôĿ࣬ĸԼ߱ԼĻô󸻴˵ǱҸǿ϶ˣ
ϵı鶯ݣ΢΢һЦǰ֣İοԵ֣ȵӳ֮㻹ǻټġ
ҿǺӶ׽ģǶʱ䲻ʱǸӶĸоɻСʱ㣬ǻҪ׽ģ
￪ڵȰ˵ԼԵĻعгϣĿźģ𣿡
˵Ŀģ
ȵʱǸӿһǻúУǻ֮ǰ𣿣
ЩȷźģһķʸƺڴŴӺĵĿеõ϶Ĵ𰸵ġ
εʱ򣬺صĵͷ
ǰ
С㣬Ե־һ飬ʱ޷׵ıԵֵһ̱ǲκεĽͣСҲܸܵĵġ
ūûƭ
Ǻô˵ͶԵأ
Цӯӯģ˼Ҷ˵ճĺӿǶԼĸأʮžĸڴŵʱ򶼻ֲֹǺȴС׽Ѿ˵˺ܶˣ
Ǻ֮ԵֵģԵֵٶģ
ģ϶ġȷʵʱ򣬺ٶȿ϶ĵ֤ţС㣬룬ȻǺСʱڿĵһ۱ôָоǲܹ˶ֻ꣬Ҫڿʱָоٶ
ҪǺúõ̥
Լӣչ˺ýδĺӣǽŻмĻᡣ
ϵıͻȻü
С𣿡
ͻȻһʣǽ΢΢ʲôˣ

1691ºĺǱӣ2

һЦСĵĺͿ𣿡
ľӶ˽¡
׿˵ҪеĺкĻֵܣŮĻͰԼеĺӼ޸ʱǺӱԹĽԼһĸˡ
ԣԣôôҪˣ
ĵȰ˵֮ϵıԻ˺ܶ࣬Ҳˡ
ǰǴĵϲǸӵġ
ɵٶȸ̾
԰㻹ûĻ
ʱС᲻Լ绨ĹŮңҪˡ
ͻȻȤǽȻúתԼ¡СҲǸչѽ
˵öԣȻǺӵһۼҵʱ׽ôǲģ֮ټ϶ǶϤĸоģڻмµʱҪˣʱһҸеĺӺһ棬Ҫң
ϵıʧתĿȥÿɰԼС
Ȼ׺ϣǸкͿ紫ڽӴˡ
ŮĻôٺòˡ
кĻֻܺǸӽֵܣ˵ŮĻ˱ܽؽ֮ãʱǸҲܹĽԼһĸףǸã
ɵÿʼõδˣҲʼչŵЦݡ
ֻСûЩԾ
ƽ֮󣬺ıĿصؿ
˵ʱȻشܵȷû˼ߵʱ򣬲ŽԼɻ˵ĳڡ
ʲôǣ
ȷʵ״̬ģ֪˵Ļָʲô˺ĵĻ֮ɻķʡ
ʲôԾĵط
ôûзأ
ʱڱ֮У״̬뻼ûʧչ˺Լ⣬ֺοľȥΧأȻǶԺ˵Ļûʲôоˡ
ֱһǳص飬ϵı鲻ôأôС
˷ӦҲѹĵǷʲô飿
ʵǲãûע顣
ĿڣҲǻĵ˵ͷС㣬ūҲǲŷƬԺūǶǲǺģҺǴһ״̬ 
ãѾܾöûǵǸأ
Ŀ˵ǸӱǵǸǺ˽ĵģ˵Ĵηֻ˳־Ȩ˼¡
ʵϣȴûģҪ˵ʲôķ֡
ԡƬԺеЩūҲҹΧߣ޲ֱӼһ˽˿ռ䶼
ʱ䣬Щūȴû֮ǰǰˣǶܶʱֱĴڵġ
ǺߣҪһȺķˣһȺĲˮ¡
ǲԾˣһǳʲô޴ıʣ
ЩūŵȻǲķӦ
ҹɭϣû˸Ҳʱ֪ôģ
Щū֮ô
ѵ
˻
ĵ󵨵²⣬һһʮ㱨С㣬ū澾ãҪôǸڼˣûʲôüֵˣ
һ㣬ͨ׶˼ǣѾûںĶˡ
ӹҲ޷ҪѰûʲôܣֻûʲôֵ̽Ķ
Ȼ
ЩūǶɾ裬ҲǴţҪҵĶǴӱĵطҵˡ
ûˣ
Щū澲Żô󵨡
ȻֻǺĵһ²⡣
һǡ
ҪôǸ飬µЩū澱û˼Ͻͼˣ
ϵı֣أ˵ʱʵҲƫڶֲ²ģ
ʱ棬ڹӦڵģǲԼȥ˽µϰᶼ顣
ҪѰܵĻǾԲֵģ˵ϡ
ұЩ֮⣬ǳ֮⣬ûеڶ˶ˣ
ӱҲǲܵõйعϢģ
Ȼ
ڶֲ²ҲǴ󵨣ǣ֪Ϊʲôĺоһ㣬Īľǵڶֿܡ
Ȼ书ٸߣٸߣǳںӱвʪЬĵ
ǵʲôԹ˲Ͼ˲ûʱ˼ɣ
𣿡
ܰ

1692 ͺǱӣ3

ʵĿźģԼʵ˳֮󣬱˲Ѿ˴𰸡
ǰ
֮ǰôûע⵽ôҪأЩ֪ĸˣ
˵ʱüֹ֮סļ˷ܣ
Ĳ˵֪ôһ˵̻ʱĹ
ȷûעԼԼòˣǺɣôĵĲ²ͺȷҪô飬ѧЩūû˼ٹԼиˣҪôѾõԼҪĵĻش𣬶ԼûʲôȤˡ
֮
һȻȷǶԵõһǾڵǲҪָˣ
ԼûȤˣЩūҲԼڿܣҲǸͺĻˣ
ϲĿźģͬʱҲ˸⣺ǵС㣡
ǵĻˣ
ռչǲõģֱʱʱ̿ô˫۾ڶԼ˭˭ܵýˡ
ǺС빬ϰ˵ĹŮСԺʱҲǾûڵģ
ʧȥ£˵˾ĻôԼǲǿԳū͵ʱɾʱ͵͵أ
ĻָɰԺҲٱвˡ
붼
֮ǰһֱǷţһֵôϢ̱þԼȥԲĶӣ˾
źĵ֣صĿ˵ţģڻԼжҸ뿪طȻ·ݴ˱Ķˡ
Ҫ϶ٴһЩж£ʱ򼴱ĸߣҲˡ
ڶĺ£ӰݣӿҲǺܴ󣬻ڵӰ·״̬ԡ
ھõĻᣡ
ԥ̫õĻĺ߰˸µʱ򣬱ֱӴųҲǲҴź뿪ģ
ǣ
С㣬ū
ūȥ׼
˿϶Ļش֮󣬺ҲǸ˿ϵıɲ١
Ѿ̫̫õʱˣԴˮ屻ƴǺֱֻӴ֮ص˻ʹָշתôã仰ûüͼ˵ĵܲżԹԼĲǶ𣬿ڲŵǸһżġ
ҲǴ̥ܻصԼļ磬һչǣһչԼԲڴ̣ôҲûʲôǵˣ
Ƕ˺ĵ˼һ㣬˵ھߣҸ֮󣬱ٻصˮ
ϾѾסһʱ䣬ǱȽϤģʱҲܾؼҡ
˵ĴǲһĨЦ
ģģһҾԲκ˺Ǵ񣬺˺ļ˵ˣ
֮ǰǸƳ޷Ƶǰ֮ټ滹źӣǲúֱ˵еĹǣҲǶúҪ˵Ļġ
ֱǰ˵ҲôĹǣ
á
Ѿ̹׳ˣҲûж˵Ҫ˵Ҷˣ
ԺֻǼ򵥵˵һ֣صĳŵ
Ƕ뷨ģҲǶúĵ뷨ģ
㹻ˣ
ٶ˵ĻǻĸѵҲ˷ʱ䡣
ȷĿ֮󣬱㲻ԥĶǶʰҡ
˶ͻȻֻҪϴѣûʲôĶֵںˣҴʰ֮㵽ŷ硣
ģ
ĺһ亣ģıźһ·ҪĻϲѺƱ˳ҹ¶еʱȻĴҵСԺӳ
ңȻͬ۲쵽Ժûڿˡ
˳ʵ̫򵥺ˣ
Ҳ֪Ǹڸʲôߣðǳˣ
մǷ棬ǿҪҸˣСԺӳ֮ãֻ滷ɽǿҪܳһʱ䶼Ż̵ɽ·赲ĺ顣
綼ˣ
Ҳ֪ǲǸʲô飬ŻԺЩ˵и

أ
ȻЦһ˫۾гһСԼ¡С
ȻͺѾɹĴƫԺҲǰΣգһ˸·ٶҲ㲻żˣ
̫żɽ·ϣ˵е̥
·ǴӦǷ¶ҪСĲǵģҪʲô⣬Ǿǵòʧˣ
ͬģҲǶߵٶȱ˵ӰȻȴǻ־ǿɽж

1693 ͺǱӣ4

úĺȽϾڱҵСԺʱ˸ۣעֻܵʱ·
ʱپãҲǶ·£һ·ռе·߻Ŵɽ
ɽ·᫣һ֦³ţһǰ̽·Σǰں
ɽǰٶȲ죬Ҳ
ǶǸйϵѧϰ֮ǿԵԼģ˵ɺǰ㣬ӵо˫书ҪȴǰʱĺõĲһǰ㣡

ҹɫڣ޴Ļĳ
һĿӱ޵ĸ·ƴǺֻɹ֮ǰı߾
ı߾ڣҲĳڹƴǺֻĴݹ١
ƴǺֻǱ߾ʱǱǲӭ˵سǲξ
ν̫̫ϻʡ
ͷ̫ϻʺ̫ԵһˣԸҪ΢дλ
ڱλ΢һȥվϢΪӭλȥǵĻϡ
ڴڼ䣬̫ϻʺ̫λʲôҪҪֱӺ΢˵ʲô΢߾ܵȥ̫ϻʺ̫ȥɵģ
̫ϻʺ̫Ը
سǲξ˵Щ֮ƴǺֻ໥һۣɫȻؿǰӭλسǲξЦŵͷˡ
ͳͬΪ֮һҲһֱѺõĹϵ»ʵǻΪѹǳӦȻĹء
ֻϧǳڵСʵв۳Ͷ٣޺޵̫ŲԼһˡ
ʵ۵ǻĹҵǰصģҪôʹҪôУҪôǻϺͻʺֻгȽ⣬Ȼ̫ϻʺ̫
̫ϻʺ̫ﾹȻ˵ʱǹ˵ģǿƴǺֻͱȻΪʲô˲Զǧˡ
ȻΪΪλʱ̫ĻţСʵв·˲żų
̫ϻʺ̫ǿˣ
̫ϻʺ̫΢
ǰӭӵʹسǲξƴǺֻ֮󣬲Щк£ԼĻ˵λδ̫ˣݹĹУλλҲߵġ
̫ϻʺ̫ﻹͷһΣ
ƴǺֻϹŵЦݣҲΪسǲξһ·سǲξĴ£վţжҲվҵϢĵطǸһ·ŵϼҼҲЩȺ֮󣬻֪ܵͬվһŵġ
֮ڡ
񻨴ԣƴǺֻ໥һֳۣվȷʵûʲô쳣ԼİҲȫվڲλ֮˲Ե԰Լķڣʼ̸
ƴǡ
Ǹ»ʵ۵Ҫʲô
ֻȿʳԼʣֻʱƴȴüĽ٣΢ţǶֻʵ⣬Լ滹Ħ͸Ҳûа취ش
ƴ˼Ƭ֮󣬱㻺Ŀ˵Ǿ̫˵Ȼܶϻʵ۵ȨǻΪʵ۵Ļô󲻹Щ˹ҲΪȨưɣ
λãܴöǸĵģҲֻȨˣǲȱǮģҲȱŮˣ
˵ĺһҪǳûùϵԸ˵ĲĿҰĲֹĻʵۡ
ƴ˵ʱһ٣صĿڣĿĹĻʵҲΪ
ƴȻ֪µĻʵĴ㣬Ͼ˻ûнӴǴ̽Ϣûа취׵ȥжһ˾ôġ
Ҫ֪һ˾ôģΪʲôԸôҪԺõļ棬ԺӴŻýۣҲʧƫġ
ƴǽüšĿ⿴ֻ˵ǣǲ֪ǸĸԺĿľǺΣҲ޷ֱ˵½ۣ󲻹ôӲ֡
ˡ
һƴ˵ĵǺܶԣ
ֻɵô̬ȴǺͬƴ˵Ļġ
ƴǱĵĿڣ԰οֻֻ֣ҪǶСĽȥӦԣôһеҲûôµģӭж⣬Ҳûʲôѵġ
Ҳǡֻͬĵ˵ͷ㲻Ļֻĵ鲻ֻһֻĵ顣
Ǹһֱ׷Ƕ󣬸ں׷ϼҼˣϼҼľﲻʲôƽľǻĹ˼ɡ

1694 һҧʮ¾

ϼҼͺһŶλըһ֪ʲôʱͻը
˵ĺˣĳڹҪǰϴֲǰȱ͹ԭ¡
˵Ĳã˭֪᲻ͻȻڰһʲôȻڱʹӣʱɾͲôðˡ
Ͼ֮ǰֻƴǿǳ ̫̫ϼҼĿˡ
νһҧʮ¾
ҪϼҼͻȻתʱ˵ҲǱȻСġ
ǿҪСĽ
Ҫǣֻ֪滹ϼҼģ˵ĵĵط
ûϼҼĻôһе鶼ð죬һϲˣ㶯ָϼҼԶʧǵ֮ڣ
⣬͸Ҫ˵ʲôϼҼϼҼȺЩˣ
ϼҼĻǴܵƣôϣѡʱǻʶĿϼҼ
˵ǲӰƭ˵ġ
״̬ʱһͶĲ㣬ҪǣֻʵڵٱϼҼһΣ
һŮ˵ǺܴģͳܲסôʹںòѾԼһأһǴӱʹ߳ˣҪڱϼҼеĻʱ򡭡
ǲôǿҲûа취˿ˣ
ƴֻ֪ĹǣȻҲǽֻĹǣǰһ󻺻˵Ҳûô⡣
֪ϼҼ⵽׶ǷģǿȷҲָ࣬µ飬Ҳǲȥˡ
ϤĵطҲǻĹǣֻΨһҪĵҪ᲻˺ͿˣʱûбҪ
ƴǵĿϬڿϼҼҲǱֻ۹׼ȷܶˡ
ϾŮǸµĶȽϸԣںܶѡͿ棬Ҫ˸ǣ仹ƴĿ˵۹ⶾģ
ֻ͸Ȳˣ
ҲǡֻԵĺƴ֮ҲûóȻ
ֻɵЩȻؿںʲôסһ㣬ܵĺܡ
ȾްɣЩ
ֻ΢üͷĿڣƴֻ֮ǽţû°ɣ
ƴǵ С
Ǹ·̫ˣҪϢ
Ȼֻ˵ԼûˣƴǻǲģֻһǸǿˣʲôطʲôʱǲ˵Լֻ߳ܲסġ
ȻôĿڣǵܵĽˡ
ȥһ㿴Լϣƴ̽ŵֻĿѰţȻȴŲֻܾϡ
ҽ߲ҽغ͵ƴǻǶġ
һΪҽ߱ԼʱǻشŸ˵ĸģߣҽԼʱҲǻĹ˼ɣУǸãҩ̫͵зգҩºûЧԥԥĸɲɺ顣
ˡ
ܶĴ㶨˹أǾǣܶôҽĴ򣬶ǾҪԼԼҽΣЧﵽã
룬ƴǵṥ֮£ֻϵıҲƶģˡ
ƴǣҡ
ƴǹԼֻЩɣ漴Ŀڣƴǣҡ
ˡ
ֻᣬ˵ʱҲǲƮĨΣߵĵͷʱƴǣֻĻʱ򣬾Ȼʶ㶣һϲЩԼĿֻȷε׷ʣ𣿡
𣿡
ˣ
Ҫˣ
ʲôʱ飿
ˣ
ôǰûأ
һ⼱ĴƴǵĿʳǽһȵƴʧ˷ִ磬ͷһʧ̬Ǹ˵ʧ̬
ֻոն˵һڶ߻صΪ̫̫ƴʼղţΪԼһ׵ˣֻ֪֮ǸԼΣ
ʧ䣬ϧģ
ƴǽץֻ֣ĿֿĿֻǿֻԼӣ@
ңģ
㻳ˣ
ǵĺӣ
Ҫˣ
ֻ΢΢ţƴҲɵñƴǵģЦصĵͷƴǵǣˣ

1695 ˵

Ѿˡ
Ҫˣ
ģΣ
ƴǼеֻͬʲô⣬ֻݺЦһһӵĻش𣬷˺гĻ棬ֻĽ
ƴǵԽԽ޲ֱӽֻӵϴᱧ𣬸˻ڰת˼Ȧǣڶ֮ƴǵȴСΣԲ𣬻û°ɣ
ǵĺû°ɣ
ƴʵ̫˷ˡ
ȴǳΪ˸˷ܣеĸͻôһֱеΣϸ˳Ҳʱˣϸ˳֮ų׵ģϸĺӶˣֻĶȴûж

ǸϳǲеѾĺӡ
ƴǵȻ⺢ӣֻҲ˵ûкӶҪǣʵƴǵҲǶεģ񣡣
һ㣬Ȼ潫͸ֻˣ
ºˣԺҲûʲôźˣ
ƴСıֱֻ˴ϣϵıͻȻΪʲôôҪ鲻һ˵أ
Ҫֻһ㿪ںƴ˵
Ǵˮ֮еģʱĪ˵ǸˣԼ֪
˵ʱֻʹӣĿȰܰĿԼСȻΪ·̫СʱСϻûʲô仯ֻܸܵõһСںԼһͬڡ
ǽֻ˺ܶĸж
֮ǰôĿܺƴһӣԶĶƴǵߣۼߵһһУԼȴʲôûС
˵һ䲻żƭ˵ģ˵ֻҪҲƭ˵ġ
տʼֻΪƴŹƳ棬ĺӿܻܵƳӰ죬Ϊ˺ӵĽҲΪ˵ʱ򲻻Ϊѡ
ԣֻ͵͵Ĳȡ˱еĴʩһֱûźӣ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôֻˣʹ˵İˡ
չ˵ĻôԼűеĴʩҲǻкӵģִʱӱȱȽǡ
ܶŮ˱ǲҪӵģҲַɻŸ⻳еܶŮ˷ѾĻʾ֭Ҫӣ˸ֲҩ˺ܶҽɻһ񡭡
ԡ
һжǺйء
ֻʹһΣĵͣԼҪԵҩƴһֱܣȴСƽƽûʲô
Ǵˮ֮󣬹һµʱ䣬ֻŲԼ쳣
տʼֻǼ͸ˣȴԼûкƴ˵ȷ֮ûü˵СǸߡ
ֻΪеĵСϸҲûн
Ҫǰȥ
һһ飬ƺûֻͣҲûиʵĻῪڡ
Լĸ״ڣֻ֪ԼҪ˵ԼӵĻôƴǿ˵ʲôԼǰˣԼֵվУ
һֻ滹Ǻܿ϶ġ
㰡㰡
ƴٶȽĽֻڻУֻҲǵΣͻȻˣҪǵʱĸ˿ܻͺˡ
ƴǵ㺢Ļֻ̲סһЦ˳ֿƴǶԼģֻƴǵ֡
ǣ˭֪ҷڳİȫأ
ѵӦ㵣ңҪʱ̵ĴߣŲŶ𣿡
ֻƤĿƴգգ۾룬ֻЩ֮ƴȴǽĽֻڻУĿֻ˵ǣӦʱ̴ߵģҪ뿪Ļ ֻǻ˼ĽҲǻᵣġ
лл㡣
˵ĹƴǸֻĶͷ˸ǣллõ
ƴ˵ʱظġ
ֻжΣƴǵҲж٣һ㶼ֻеٶ١
ƴҲڻɣΪֻĶӳٳٶûжҲżȻĻ²ֻ˼
ƴǺϻۣôֻܲҲ˲ֻĹʲô
Ҳֻ֪ΪʲôûкԼ˵ֱ͵͵ķ˱еҩ
ƴǵȻҪӣȴֻĺ⸶֮Ҳȷ֪ԼڵĹƳӰ쵽ӣȴǿҪֻѪ
ԡ
ƴҪҲòװһںģǲֻǰ𣡣
Ƴһղ⿪һһһǻƴǺֻ֮ȥ

1696 긽˰1

ŹƳԭƴǺֻܲѰķԼĺӡ
˼ɺΪвϵʹ
޷˺ֻͬʱҲͬƴǵ˾޴ʹࡣ
ԭƴǵ滹ΪԼϵĹƳһղȥһõء
û뵽ֻȻôΣĹͷԼһ񣡣
ܲ
ƴǶҪ˵ʧȥ˷ִ˳˸ɵˣ
ɣעֻһǵĺӣһ֤֮İĽᾧ
ڸˣԺ˲ǣһ֮Ҳûκεܡ
ӵʱƴǲҪֻǰܻκ飬ֻҲöһ˹µįĵġ
ڶǸеĺӻ᲻ԼϵĹƳӰ죬һƴǵȷиǵģǲҪӾ᲻ᱻӰ졣
籦þԼȥǲңǸճĺҲǱƳӰˡ
ôһƴҲҵӵİ취úƽƽĻȥ
ûܵǺӵӰ죬ƴǺֻǿԳ׷ˣⱲҲҲûκεźˣ
˵䲻Ļ
һĵԪɽˮĳ̶ȣҲҪ
˺ڻߣúõչ˺ûĺҲߵİģ
֮һֽʱ˿̶ƴǸĪĺãֻҲԽıС
ȻĸҪǻӿɲֻһ˵ˣǵĺӣ
һҪӦңʲô鶼ҪȺԲԼѡҲ˺Լ㸹еĺӣ𣿡
ǸˣƴҲûҪĶ
ӵȷҪģƴǵֻҲӡ
ƴǵ̬ȼ֣صľֻ
ֻͷһ˵ʱֻ
ʲôȥĸĸԸ
ǣΨһһҪǣǾֻ˺ǵĺӣʲôʱ򶼲ԣ
Ȼֻȴˣ˶Ȩͬӵˣ׵ıһ˾
֪
ҿ϶ҲǻӰٱСĵģİɣһᰮʤҵ
ֻƴǵݺЦĵ˵ͷǲֻĻ֮ƴȴϵıԽˡ
ǣģ㵽ʲôʱҪȥԼ˵ͬҪܵʲôʱҪƽƽĻȥϣ飬֪𣿡
ֻǻԼ˼ƴǱ㲻䷳ٶֻ͡
Ӷƴ˵ȷǳҪҪģͬģֻƴ˵ҲǱ
ҪĲֻҲȥػǺӣҪǺӺֻһƽƽĻţ
ػ
Լɣ
һҸƴѾõҸ
ƴͻȻӣʵǽֻЦˣ˺ǺǵЦͣһֱ˵֪֪ˣʲô
ƴǣôͻȻɵˣ
ȻֻôȤƴǣƴǵҲֵŭϵЦݸˣ˵ʲôʲôˡ
㱣֤Բѹġ
ƴǽĽֻڻС
ֻЦǺǵģ֪ƴΪϧӣڵпƴôźԼ͵ʱֻ̲סЦˡ
㿴㣬õĳϣѾ̫ϻˣĽš
ǲǻЦѽ
ֻ̲סЦӯӯЦš
ȴſƴǵĽţƴǵشʱȴûаĺ£Щô
Ȼǻϣ̫ϻʣϲǺݣʼնһס
ԼĺӺϱٰչ˱һκҸܶлв˵ġ
ƴǵãֻ˵ʲôɣ
ΪһףΪһɷ
ΪԼչ˺ԼĺӺӶˣµ˿ƴҲ˵ʲôġ
ǻ̾ƴǵΪˣ˸λȴأ
ֻǵĺӵķޣҲ糯İյĸ
Ͼ
ƴڶԴԼĺӺӵʱƹĵĻôΪƴǵİգѵӻ
϶ģ
ƴǵһĨЦݣֻ˵Ҳ˵ˣԼĺӰԼӹģǣѵһҸ
кܶ˻ǹһˣĪ˵źӣϱûҵأ
ֻߺܶȻ檳ȺŮ˫֮ûа飬ôĺӳҲûʲôоڵƴǲҪ̫ôˣ

1697 긳˰2

ƴڰͲµİճ֪˵飬Ȼһ죬Ļʺǵĺأ
Ҫڲʱˣʹͼ⸳˰ʤʹƴǵĿдİնһˡ
ԡ
ƴ뵽ͻȻʹڳľڣҲɿ˽ֵø˵ĺǰȥóĳиһ
ʹһ֮лȥʹһˣƴֻĪѪڣöйഺٵĸо
ƴǽֻڴǺ˱ӣǳȥ
ӡ
ǷʲôҪ𣿡
ǧƴǴӷͻȻЩ죬ôոջԼ߸˵˳ĳߣʲôҪ飬ֻ»ʺﵣǡ
ǧ̽ŵĳƴǣҪܼʱİ취Ӧԡ
ǳʲôҪ飬ģֻͻȻҪԸȥһЩ顣
ǧϵأƴæڽͣҰǧĽ͵
еֻȴɻĿƴǣո˻úõ׼أ
ôúõƴͻȻ˷䣡
ǲʲô쳣
ֻϵıҲɵø
ƴվڷſڣ˵ûʲô飬ֻͻȻ뵽һЩϵ⣬ͬǧ֮㣡
Ժ󲻹ܷʲôҶ뿪ߡ
ƴҲٶ˵ƴǵĽŲҲߵķɿ죬Ҫץȥˡ
ҵǧȥԼҲһֻһҪֻϢ
ƴôŽŲ㲻ɵøӼӿ˼Ѿ̤⡣
ʱڷǧͻȻҹʱֳһ̬ɵЩ졣
Ǻܿı㹧ĳƴǣ˹֣ӿкηԸ
ƴǼǧԼüļˣĳǧ˵˻ȥ޵ּ⡣
꣬յĸ˰
ڣ
̾ȥ
ʲʲ^
ǧȻƴ㿪֮һʱ㵵˷Ӧ˵ĻҲǿĿİͰ͵ġ
֪ģΪǧ˵أ
ǧҲǲҧԼͷ
˵ʲô
ǧԼ㾪ȵģȫȻںǼĿִֵؿƴǵϣڴܴƴǵҵ𰸣ҲƴǸʵոˣƴǲû˵𾪵顣
긳˰ɲС£
ȻǿЦģ
ôִܻٵľôҪľЩǵҲأ
ǧôεģǲƴǵеֻԽ̬ȣͶԸոǧ˼ٶظ
ǧɣƴǺԵģԼոյĻظһ顣
㼴ǰȥһʥּ˵ռ࣬ĸ˰
ȥ
ǧǳ׵ˣԴǰյĸ˰žǿһƽŰճС
ЩԱҲȫǴӸ˰ãνȡ֮֮񣬱
ڲ겻ڵƴǾȻڱҪһʥּаյĸ˰
꣡
ɲһС°ڻľڣǱǵҪ⣬ҲӦõŽЩ鶼֮Ȼٻȥٸ˰
ƴżҪ䲼ּЧҪۿˣ
ƴһܵʲô̼ˣȻ仰ǧֱʳڣǣϵıȴʵʵڵ˵飬϶ܵʲô̼ˣҪȻһúõĻôԵ޹ʵľͷˣ
֪ǧеĹǣƴٶȿظԼո˵Ļ
ûкͿҲûܵʲô̼
Ǿ˼֮еġ
ֻܰ޵ķԸȥɣûкͿҲû˵Ϲ
ƴǱôõˡ
ӭȢֻʱ򣬾ҪֻͬһԼĺӡ
Ҳ˺֮Ҫʲô
ֻ֮ǰһֱûлˣ
ǧԾƴǵϣ̽Ŀڣӿɷ֪£֮ôΪʲô
ҪиͷɣȻ֮ôҲ֣ټƴǵȷܺҲûǧɻ֮£ƴ֣صĸǧԼոյ֪ĺϢ
ǧˡ
ƴǱͳɳƵĪŴԣֻˣ޵ܸˡ
޸ˣ°ܸһͬˡ
˵ʱƴǵĿ⣬ּΪ˸˷ܸǲԶ
ȴ˺ӵĸҲҪİվΪҪͻȻ⸳˰ֻҪǼƴ긳˰ͬһ˾ˡ

1698 긳˰3

ֻкǧҲǸ˼֣ԭǧͺʧ䡣
ߵһһԼĸޣԼĺӡ
ںˣӺͻʺҲԼˣǧһӸΪį
ĵȴǴĵƴǸ˵ġ
ƴ˿ǧҲƴǣǵسƴǹ˹֣ӡ
ˣ㰴ӵķԸǰȥ³İҪ֪ǵĻʺӣҲǻϸʹôĶҲǻŸ˵òѵġ
ǧԵĸп
ֻӣνٹµĸ
ؽ⺢ӵǰ̱Ȼף
ƴǧĻ֮Ϊ˷ܣҪľӣҪľǾٹͬ졣
ȥɣȥء
ƴ˵Լ֮󣬱㿪ʼߴǧϽж
ƴǵżȥֻߣԼһ̶벻ֻġ
ǣ
ӦƴǸ֮תӰѸ٣ƴ³뿪֮ǧҲͣ
ŲѸٵȥƴǶԼķԸۻسȥةഫţ
ƴֱתٶȻص˷֮ڣڴϵԼֻƴüۼЦ⣬ֻĶͷ˸֮ƴǱֱѣֱֻߡ
ƴȴаԽľٶ
СĵĽֻԼĻУῪ˵˯ɣ
ջҪ·õʱϢãۡ
ƴСģֻ̲סЦʲôΣյġ
ֻҲǺ̫ıʣʱеĺӱסճɲСĴΪźƴǿͷ˵ʵġ
ŮǻУȷҪСľŵģȴСƴģʱ˿̵ֻǸһһʱһ¾ͻء
ǣֻô˵ƴǶٿ֣Լ̫أ˺ֻҲ˺˺ӡ
Ҳܣҵģ
ƴǵ°ֻĲ䣬ʱ䲻ˣҪ˯ˡ
ʱƴ͵ĺܡ
ÿÿֻ鲻Խ
ȴΪֻУײСҪֻٶ˵仰ٶƴǵĻжһƴҪˣ
á
ֻɵĵͷ֪鿪Ц֮󣬱ǽ˱棬ܿġ
Ǵƽȵĺ
ҹɫ
վҲǰ࣬ڽȴվŵįӰ
ݵӰվοյ񻨵ĴǰŴŨŨҹɫ˹ȥȴģҲ֪˼ʲô
ܹԽ£ԣҹ޷ߡ
ͬʱڷеһӰҲǽüͷ
ֻͬǣߵžӦת⣬½Լ
ľߴֲȫԼĿơ
һֱϼҼ棬ĶԼⲻǲ֪ǻһʶĴǾǲʲô£˺ﶼǲ׵뿪ˣҲǿΪһ޿֣ŻϼҼܶ϶ľ֡
ȻϼҼ濪ʼˡ
ѾԼĿҲڲԼǰˡ
һֵܼ⡣
һ˶Լһѵ顣
ҪһѾöԼĵˣ½ϼѡ
ϾҪջ۵飬öԷԼûģҲͬҪջۡ
ɢջ۱Ϊʱ䣬ʱһȥġ
ǳһݾ֮⣬ϼҼʵ벻İ취ɡ
˶ģ˵ʲô˾ͬھҲڱƼ˵²ѲķӦҪܻмǲúõĻȥأ
Ŷѽ˲ʲôûˣϾǡһˡ
ֻţúõĻţĻţõԼҪĶڻš
ھͰһǰ
ƻ֮ıʵĵط
Ҳ
ôﳹ׵׿Լĳɼ½Լ⣿
ҲôƴǺֻ׵ķſԼĳɼ;衭
мһжĻᰡ
ϼҼϱأȻҹȴ?ް˯⣬صվͷⲽϾ֭ûʲôİ취
ʲôһ㡣
ϼҼοЦҲ˲ֹסⲽĽŲȻ˯
Ѿ뵽˽İ취ûбҪ˷ʱˣӦľޣһʱж˷˿ʱ䡣
ϼҼ뵽˽취Ȼ˯ˣһͷȴǺܺá
Ŀվڴǰ

1699 ᲻ĸ

ܰεĳ侲ν߾ȫڿԼĸ˼룬˽˵ʱı˱Ҳֹסй
Ҳֻ˵ʱŸԼжαװǿпƺѹԼĸʵ¶ĵ뷨С
˵ǰʱȴʲô˵Ҳʲôġ
ƴǺֻǰֻǸׯص򲻵ƴǺֻƽ׵ĵģҲǻΪһЦ
˵ҲᣬѾǸʮķˡ
û뵽ڸϽķֶȷʵֻôһɴ࣬ҲȲϸǰִ˳죬еֻǿ
ͬ˲ͬ仰˵ޱȵĺʵġ
ĽҲǱȲõġ
ĪģۿбǲԾĵᣬ֮Ѿʪӣ
һҹעˣ

ѩڡ
ҹڵŨأĺӰֵд
ʱķɿ죬ǴҵСԺӳڣȻ֪Ѿһ졣
Ũҹƺһīһ㻯һ㡣
޴Ļд˵սľʱʱĻвǹεÿһξʱúĺĲɵøŽһ
ۼġ
Ŀ첽̲סȰ˵
С㣬Ѿ˺ܾõʱˣЩǲ׷ǵģҲǲһƽϵģϢһ£ū澰𿾿ӣҲ
ʱ˷纮Ͳˡ
ҪǺĵҹʱ᲻вǳû
ʱвͣôɾͱü
Ҫ˻ĻʲôҰ޼𶼻ʶıܻģҲԵİһЩ
ϱȲð죬ʱǿ㵱ʲôΣգʱӦҲüġ
ϾͲһˣŨŨҹɫ赲סǵ񣬸ǵֻǿĿԼߵķΧʱʲôΣյĻѾӦˣΪȫҪСĽһ졣
ҪѾôõʱˣҲ߳˺ԶȴʼյĲ׷Ƕ׷ȻԷٽǸץȥˡ
СԺЩūǸ书ǿ
ҪǷ뿪ҵСԺҪ׷ǵĻ͸֮ǰǸץȥˣûû˹׷ǡ
ˣҲԵķ
ǳ׵Ļָ֮ˡ
ָ֮·ҲǲˣֻҪٶȼɣǰȫһġ
Ҳá
˺ĵĽ֮Ҳǵ˵ͷҲȷˡ
Ѿ˫ӵˣȻȲôǰʢʱ򣬱һż켸ҹҲ÷ڲֻǾ˫ȺǲܿƵƣҲǿĹ๾Ľ˳
΢΢һЦʰһŵĵطڵԼǽĿ֦ʰѳɸѡ
ʱ˻𣬻ů˲˵ߣҲ˵Եķ˲١
С˰ɣū׼һЩʳһ¡
ūˮȣµĻܶࡣ
ϸ׼ֻŵѣصΣ鱦ûдҴǴЩеĶõϵġ
Ȼһһůҹ
ɽУҪעⱣůˡ
ʱǵ˷纮Ļܼ֣޷׺ת֮⣬Ӱ쵽ĺӡ
ǺѾܳΪֻһ˵ĺˡ
ǳΪ˹ͬҲһ˼ϣܽĺƽƽҲ̷ߣΪ֮͸һ֤ˡ
á
Թӹ˺ĵĸ֮İﺣ˻
Ȼں̺õĵϢʱȴͻȻ˽춯
ҪǻѰĹûʶ֮ǰڼеЩӵʱ򶼻ᾪе˺ѷΣǳŵûʧɫ
ڵͬ
ӴֽӴĹ飬ЩĪĳӣûаֵľ£ǻĪİĺͺ͸Ȥ
ΪҪƹƳ棬ҲҪеĳϤգҪȥЩ֣ԼǰûʶȴǱʳӣֻռɫɫĳӣŻ᷽ƳƵģ
½ŵЩСӡ
ֻúһ㡣
ָоǼѵġ
Ҫȴǻĥļ尾
ͺñȡ
ûгԹ⣬ôҲ㲻ȥ˼ζǳԹˣôζһֱڴݼԺл֮ȥǵʲôطǻǸζ
ѧ˹Ҳһġ

1700 ֻץţְɣ

ΪеĺӵĹϵ׵Ƴ棬ΪץôʺĵطƣϰǱȴǶԹ
Ͼ
˭ܾܾԼǿĻأ
仹ҰĲŮˣ͸ӿܲˣ
֮ǰһֱæܺ͸·ű飬Ҳȥ˼⡣
ͣϢԼĽֳôĳӣˡ
㡭ΪϺӶϰټҲӦ˺ĲٻˮĴ񣬿ҪΪԼʹģΪġ
ºֻǵһ
ҪԼʵǿܽԼĺһõԼ£̸ȥչ˺Լĺӣ

˵ץץƴǺֻ˵ڻʹͽڻʹôԹޣȴǾܾ˵ģָоʵ£
ǲΪȨƣŶû˻ ԸⱻôĶԴˣ
ڰЩץţţǲǣӦòְɣ
ԽôţԽǿҡ

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ĵƳһۺģֻɫˮĵж
ЯŵСӱ˳ϵЩСҲǱźۼĵյС档
һϵеĶѣǴʱȴǾõսľģڣʱϱ棬ûзԼ쳣
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һɫſĻ˹
С㣬ôˣ
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ҪǼŸ·Ļ˾Ҫ뿪ɽˣҪһܳûѰһЩӴȥ
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ԭһˮһһ˵ûġ
ˮҵĳӣǴɽĳӣžǷǱѰ
á
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΢΢һЦ
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ͺϢ֮չֻɫãؼ򵥵κеƷٶ̤ߡ
϶ɽĳӵ֪ߵʱЩҲǸ͹עš
ߵֻ뿪£ʱ̵Ŀûʲôʵĳӡ
Ҫк˳۵ĳӣᵱװɶӲģûЩӸץ͵͵
ĲֻΪźӵ࣬ҪϢֱ˵ʰңϻУ
С㣬Сһ㡣
˵ҪϢٴ֮󣬺ĵ̺һӲݣֻΪʱһЩ
Ů˻źӱǼѵ飬棬ǾԼҪ͵͵ץЩ飬ںĵ棬ȴֻлһ·϶ڼߣһΰ飡
ȻĶҲǶǨͣ
ãҾЪϢһһϢ֮Ǳ㶯̡
źϸĵչԼеΣٵĳźĲעʱ򣬽Լŵ»δԶСӸץС档
صһЦ
ҵһԼСӣźϵЦҲʮɣȴͻȻһʡ
ΪʲôɽСӶأ
δҲ̫ˡ
ҪһֻֻĻ˵ùȥϾǿԵġ
Ե־Ǹ飬˭ҲͲ˭ҲܾͰôƽ޹ʵķԵֵĴںͱ粵
Եֵ˵ʱ򣬾ȥѰʺƹƳĳӵʱСҲԶϾЩСһ

1701 ɽ

ԵδĻѰɽȴҲҲԼҪĶ滹Ǻġ
ֻǣɽȴָ侲ʼɻһɽһֻֻС˵Ǻ飬ɽҪǳЩƹƳСӵĻδЩͬѰˡ
ɽһʲôϣ
ֻɽʲôܵģ
ͻȻ뵽ôص֮󣬱㲻ô뿪ɽ
Ҫе඼ڵǱǾ뿪ɽҲʼյǶɽСӡ
Ҫɽ̺űܵĻҪǾ뿪̫ϧˣ
˼ȥ磬һԵĺļ״ҲεĸŵСôˣ
Ϊʲôɫѿ
ǵ治Ľˣ𣿡οĲ԰׵ɫҲĿڣū澣ū澣һſҪ뿪ҵСԺû뵽СǲģСū澵Ĳԡ
ĵԴεǲҿģѾڵ̶ֳȣǸһ·˰ɽǼ·ҲǣȥҲǡ
ͻȻ뵽ѵľأҪڵ»ȥҲǲɵˣ
һжԼĴԼû˼ǵȫԭ
ûйǺ״ͦŴӻɽ߸·Ǵǰǽŵġ
Ѱ˵·紵ţţɹš
ȴҪۣ˵ȷǺǼġ
ĵΡ
ȴͻȻ֣źĵ֡
ģ֮䲻˵ôĻ˵㲻˵ǿ뿪ǸҵСԺԼҲҪߵġ
²ǸѡԼ˽ԳӻЩۣǲߵĻǽܲܵԱ϶˵أ㲻ΪеΡ
ץȥΪüֵģЩСԺūȴǶڼӣҲʹûˣ
һûõˣһʼûǻúõĶԴԼ
ҪǲߵĻЩūǳ׵ľԼŶĻǲ뻢ڡ
۵ܱסһȣºܶ˶᲻˼ѡǰߡ
۵㻹ǿϢģû˾ʲôûˡ
ҲΪԼã滹ģ
𣿡
ϴ񾲵ЦݣڿźĵʱԼҲ Ρ
ϧǸرִֵˣݵӣƽʱҲǹģĵǷǷǵʱ򣬺ĵȴԼһ˳ӡ
һ˳ƽʱûбߵʱô˵ʲôĶǻӦҶǻᾡȥæģһ˺ĵĵߣ˺ִֵʱôӣҲһֹġ
ϧĵط
ȻҪǺԸԼһϰĻǲǺĽҲǻΪԼʵı۰ˣ
ܰæԼһȥѰǺʵĹƳ棡
Ȼ
ϧʱ򣬵ʯ֮䣬ȴͻȻ⡣
ˡ
ôǰû뵽أ
Ĺ治ֻǼƹƳ棬ҽҲ漰ġ
ǺִֵĺܣҪϰĻôŻѰ˸ںͻȥ̺ѧϰҽҲǿԵ
룬չԼ壬ԼǼĺӣҲǿԵģ
ü֮ıЩġ
ͻȻһ飡
ʶֵģ
Щɻ󣬵ǻĵ˵ͷūʶһЩģСôˣ
ʶֵĻȻҳŸ·ʱѧϰһЩҽɡ
ʲʲôĻ֮󣬺𾪣ʱûзӦ𾪵С˵ʲô
пѧϰҽһϵĶЩѧҽ˶ǴСʼѧϰġ
Ǿרŵʦ̵СҽʲôʱѧģĲȻˣҲǶҽĻɣֻǾú֡
СҪԼҽĸž𾪣СôúõģͻȻˡȻӦҲǶԼûġ
ѧأҽҲܻСʧˡ
룬ƺܿĵͶԼûġ
漴㿪ڹģɽҪ߳ȥΪҵԭҪٶȣûСǾû취ȥġ
ʱҲûûѧϰһЩҽĻǿԴʱ䡣

1702 ˮܣ1

߼ҵڸ·ʱʲô쳣Ļ˶ûеĻҪһʬˣ
ҽ߲ΣԼûа취ģʱǶҽģҲܺúõչң𣿡
ϿҵĿźģһһ˵֣أһʱеĲʵľҵҽЩ棬ΪҪıҽϾҽǲּҵģҪҪѧϰҲξˡ
ȫ԰ļѧϰ
ʵʱƶֻһ֮ģҾǿҵ˼ġźĵĿޱȵ֣أ˵ĻҲ̺⡣
Щ飬ЩˣֻǴӱǺܿɶ飬㻻˸뷨ʱͻúúüֵ
ǷܷԼúηԼãҪǸ˾ѡ񣬶ıϾ˲ǻģġ
Ȼ֪ԹŹĳɼ˺ܶˡ
ԲϣѧϰΪǻеԭҲԸӦ㲻ȥǺģһ죬ѧĹˣǿԾĻ᲻ıԹĿ
᲻֧ϰأ
ò˵һǶԺĵ𺳲СҲ˵˺ĵúĶⷬʼ˼
ǰ¶˫ԣҲбס
ȷúģ˲˵ҲѪȲ̡
ͬģ˵ĻҲŵģϾ⵱оֻҪβ˰ˣǺЩĻ̥˶Թ֮󣬲ù˵Ķ
дҲЩϹù˵ĴǹĴ
˼תúܿ졣
⡭
һЩԥȴ溣˾ֱźֺģĿ˵ˣҪٶ˵ˣѧҽĻ˵Ҳһı¡
ĸĸţ岻Ǻܺã궼ڲ𣿡
ѧϰҽĻչĸҲǷࣿ
ѧҽһĺ£ΪʲôҪܾأ
ò˵һ滹Ǻֶεģĵĸǣ֮Ҳ˲úԥѹȥ̶ǱԸ⡣
Ļ˵ĺܶԣļлгڲеĸĸһֱã˺ܶĴ򣬿ϧûܲΪʲôֺƶ׾ݣѾûжȥĸˡ
ĸͣȴҪʱԼһڼŲʹĥ
Сĵĸ׺ĸױǲϲģĸȴһԼģÿÿĿĸʹĥʱ򶼾ܵĺܡ
ϧԼȴûʲôµģֻȥ ˵ѾߣҪôڹҪôڴ˼ңֻ֮ܿ΢ţᡣ
Ļ˵ԼܽҽĻ֮㲻ΪıǿӦĻҲΪ˺úչĸѧϰ
Ҳȴһ׮ɺܶˣȨ֮󣬺ĿҲűüᶨãС㣬Ը⣬ū澣ūҲԸѧġ
ū澵ⷽ츳ѧɵĻȻúõչ̷ū澵ĸġ
ūֲߣūҲþȫԲС׷ѣҲСʧġ
˵ļᶨҲ˾ĵġ
ð
ããá
ڴӦԼҪɵ¶ЦݣȻ֪ĵڷˣҪô麣ĲӦԼһӦԼôǶô飬Ķ߾ȫȥģһŵģ
СĽԼܳҽ͵˺ĵǰĿڽ͵ģʵѧҽûеôѣ
ʦһԽڣҲ޷ʶҪſʼ
ڸ·ʱ·;ƣ㽫صҩģϤһ飬ǽɽмϵʱ򣬵㽫еҩϰԣҩüֵĻǸʱٿʼѧϰҽӣҲɺܶˡ
βˣҪʲôҪϤҩĲź÷㣬ȻһжǸƣ
ãСϧģнӹҽ顣
ĵȷʵġ
ԭӾǲ׵ĵͷİֻΪޣѲ빬Ϊūġ
ҽǸһر֤ıϣ㲻ȥΪŮֻȥ˼ҵүŮҲԿҽβȡ
ĿǸмС㣬лл㡣

1703 ˮܣ2

ؿ
˵˺ĸԼһѧϰʱʲôЩֵĲ֢ѰʵʱǡôĽó顣
Ϊβˣһٶ˵ǸԼһоġ
ǾԼǴϻۣˮԴִֵĺģţʱȣıٲԸҲ˵Ļˡ
ߣѧϰʱܶһЩСӡ
ҲǸˡ
ǣԭɽߵٶȲͶˡΪһҪռСӣһҪ̽ɽܣһҪѧϰҽҲԽĻ
ĸȻս٣ǣɽǶġ
ҰԷ֮⣬żȥɱһЩС
лءˮл㹻ɽĺܺˣվںĵߣĿ΢ЩӵĳɽȥüԾ
ʵ
һɻֻǷ棬ȴûֱӿںͺ˵ġ
Ǿǡ
ɡ
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ǴҴģֻһ˻ᣬǲİɣǣңһ˶ƣһֱڰвʲôı
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ҪΪƳƵĿūۣ

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ԭе
ҵĵ˵΢΢ ͣһ˲䣬ǹĺͲ뿪˵Ϊ»ʵǻĹҽǲʹǰȥأ̫ϻʣ̫Ҳ̶ȥˡ
ѾĹˣ
ҵĵһһʮĽԼ̽Ϣ˲롣
еǸ̫̫ϻʣǲö˵Ҳ֪ģǾƴǺֻ
ȻĴıʣƴǺֻҲԶǰȥǡԶԶıô򵥣Ȼаŵʲôġ
Ҳ֪᲻ʲôľı
Ȼ治ҲԳǺϤƾԼʶĸоܾҪ¡
üĽǰ㱨ϢĵҲϵıأʱ˿̣ҪץгȥϽȥҵƴǺֻһǹǵѵȻ󿴿ƴǺֻûʲôӦԵİ취
ܼһ޷ԤϺ͹Ƶѣ
ǡ
УȴʧȥģҲ֪ǳʲô֪ԼҪߵģǱƲߵģֻǱвߵġ
˵۷ʲô쳣Լֱ׷˳ȥ
֮ԽǵۣԽֿܣʵ硣
һЩ鶼棬ǵ۰֮ԼûҲżˣ
ҶΪѣ
һ۵İΣһƴǺֻҵĴı
ϵıΪѣȥɡ
Һúõһ룡
㲻֪ʱȣĵһӣܶһӵΣգǲҲܲôˣԼľڡ
һΣҪúõĿǺãȻ󡭡

ǣ
֪ˣ
ҵĵ㿪֮󣬺ǶµĳŲ빰˹֣仰ûж˵ֱת˷ţ

1704 ¸1

ߵʱϸĵ治غ÷š
վԭصĲ룬ϵıȴ ԽԽأģҲȻЩϢ֮󣬱ĪĽ
ۣ㵽ǳʲô飡 
Ϊʲôһ䰡û˵ֱӲǶ𡣡
Ϊʲô
ĿģǴľɫֻ磬޾ĵǡ
뻺ջԼ˴齱ߣԼǴŵܳĹš
ʲôشľһ㣬Ҳ֮øΪᶨһЩ̤˷š


ϹĵԼϵı飬ⱻԼ쳣ʱ򣬷ǻӰӡ
¡
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ʱԭ˯еģȻϹ֮ЩԺ۾ãȻĿϹ
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ϹᣬȴͻȻϹСЦˣ֮䣬˵Բʲô
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֪࣬㲻ÿ컨ôʱҵߵġ
°۾жϹ֪ÿ춼кܶĳϹȥϹĴ
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룬Ϲ˵仰ʱȴٿ̧ͷɻĿϹΪʲô
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»ʵǻǲҵĻλ棬ڶֻ̫ǻӡ
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Ȼ˵ٺ˵ʲôϻʵԼͻȻˣԼˮƽԲλͣǴҵ涼Ǻ
޷ıȨλԼҵһڰˣ
ǰʲô˵ȴġ
С£˭ƭˣ
ĺͯŻţ
û̫ĲŻܼ֮޸Ϲ˴СϹ꣬нİæռ˸ˮ¥̨ȵµȻ
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ǣȴҲ֪ڶȻˮȣΣķģ
ʱҪϹԹȥĻһʲôΣգǸôźã
Ҳ֪ǲ˺ӵԭ򣬵µϹĪ벻δһҪ뿪ϹǸʲôľ档
Ҳ벻ҪϹȥΣգԼֻôӦԣ
ǵĺӻôС
룬ϹϵĵǺżʱȴͻȻůЦЦĽ±ԼĻУİοɵѾͷ
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ϹѾþûôĽԼˣ
ȻˮȣҲȷҰĲҲֻֻ죡
ұϾĻϣ첻ô

1705 ¸2

ò˵ǸֶεȷǺǿơ
һߵôõȨ㳯Ұ
ðհǸϻʵŲɣеһ£ڶ¾ǣ˶Ĺϻʵ۾ҵʱȴͻȻϻʵ۳֡
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Ѱ˼ҵĶλȨ϶ҪѪɺӵģͬƴǵĳǰ㡣
֮ǰĻλʱ򣬿ɱ˲ٵȨ˹ٵҳŽλǿϣȴûȣִʱЩҪѰ̫¼λʼûͣЪ
Ǹȴʲôûֻǽϻʵ֮⣬ȺȻûһҳûκ˱ԹŲ

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µ屾ͽ
Ѱûʱ򶼿ģ˺ʱôָܻٶô죿

1706 ʲô̼

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һ˲䣬ϹʱͷƤ飬£ΪΪºͺӣǸ˾ȻԼسŵֱµǰһ֣
ٽβʱǲ֪ʲôҩ衭
Ϲŭģ´ģϹԸһģ񿴼ϹȻת䣬ʱ¸һ֮ͨͨ⣬ϵʹҲڴ̼¡
ſңŪˣôѽ
Ǹ𣿡
ҽǺܸ߳
ҵѾָ˽Ϊʲô㿴ǲ˵ӣ
ǴǰģΪʲôǲ֪һˣ
Ϲʵ̫ˡ¾Ǳ˸İһ㡣
ΪʲôͻȻأ
ո˻ĥ˵ĻתۼϹͺΪʲôŭһ㣿
벻Լ˵ʲôֻʲôŻǵϹ
΢ۿϹٿɿǯסµϵıΣԲ¶ԲҸոһʱʧ̬ˡ
˵˰ɣ
ǲǰŪˣ
ϹĿǵǺΣ֪ǰϸԼոµĵط
ҡҡͷ涵ĿϹڵϹѾԼ˵űǸˣǸոϹɺģȴԾɽ¡
ǰ˵ģƺҪһ㡣
û¡
ֻǰôˣ
ôң
ոϹķӦʵ̫ˣ֮ûвΪǸʱһǻû˯ѡ
û˯ѵʱǻ˼ı仯ģҲ֮С
ǺԼ˼Ϲ˵Щľٶ֮󣬱ɵҲǸףϹȻʲô飡
ǼأǺбҪϹŲֱ˵ŻĹ˼ɡ
ѵ
ѵҷõǿҩʲô𣿡
Ǹ򣬲βģ
µǲһ˲䣬ҲϹĹǣЩµڵġ
룬ڿŵµʱϹȴͻȻЦЦº͵ƺҪ¸³һ㡣
ûС
ǡ
ģ岻ںܿĻָת𣿡
˵ҩȷЧģҪҪĻѾˣָĺܿ졣
ֻǡ
Ϲһ٣Щıֱܿµ񣺡ֻһʱ̫֮ˣԲŻķӦ
⻰˵ϹԼƭȥ
ûа취

1707 ˾1

µǰô˵ҪҲ֪ԼڴʱΣյĻ˶һ˸Լ֮⣬Ҳĺô
еʹԼһܰɣ
ϹҧŴĿж˼־Ȼڱµʱ˫ҲǲԾ
еĵǲûΪϹͶȥŴϹĻгץϹֱۡ
һǳʲôģ
ƭҵģ
˵Ů˵ֱǺ׼һ飬Լϲ˵ϣǱ׼ȷ
Ϲ̬ʵ̫ˣ˲ţԽ˵û£ǾʹԽ£
黹أ
뵽⣬еĵǱҲֹסˣҲǶ˼ֿǻҡ
ʲô飬˵òãʲôﲻæˣҲᰲĺܶ࣬Ȼ
㱾࣬ȴҪһ˳УŻģ
һµģƭҡµ̬ƶϹ֣ǿϹĿͬԼֱӣҷô꣬ѾƢԸ˽⡣
ǳ£Ǻص飬Ȼһ̬ȡ
ʵǸҩǸǰβĴ򾿾ʲôˣ
Ҫʲôڹʲô
ϹԸᣬǳΪĻϣȴһֱǴ˺ơ
ڴʱ򣬸ûеκεˡ
ΨһĵѾˡ
ǸźİĴ룬ȴûаӡ󣬼ȻûӡҲϹǰûеˣһûеˣΪʲôԵ޹ʵĺأ
Խ벻еڡ
Ů˾ġ
ںͿʱǻޣѰ飬˼õɵŮ˵̻ʱȴܴϸ΢ĵطĲԾ̶пʼҡ
ʱŮ˵Ĳ²Ǿ԰˾Ųʮģ
ϹԽµеĵǱԽࡣ
Ͼδ֪µĿ־ǻᱻ޷ŴģߵǵģϹվǲһֱȥ
Ϲ;֮£ܿϹѾ˾ֱӿڳ˵
£Բ𡣡
һԲϹ˵ʱǻκεģ˸ܻ䣬ֱµĿ⣬Ŀ˵ǸǰεĴҲ֪ʲôˣʲôݡ
ʱʱΣգŴ˵пѲʱʱ˱hiᵼͺһʬȴ޲ߣûа취ġ
ۼſܿ࣬ȴʲôæﲻϣֻĿڲǸʱҺ޲ԼܹǸ˱ǸʱͻȻҵǰ˵а취ͺӣĸƽ
ΪǵİȫұӦҪ󣬵ʱʱ˵Ҫһŵ
Ϲɺ죬ǾҵʱǣҪܽĸƽıסĻұӦһҪҲûʲô˵ġ
ϾҵĿУͺӲҪ飡
㣬ҪҵĻλҲԥֱӴӦ
Ϲƴǲͬ
ƴߣĳΪǻλģƴǵϸһݲĥθУϹȴûָо
ģֻʫɽˮ԰֮ԻΪʵۣЩ⣬ǲѲų˻ʵ۵ġ
ҪûλȡԼİ˵ԼĺӵϹ붼ͻֱӴӦǡ
û룬Ҫ޷ǾȨƺͽ鱦ΪĻʵۣʹһЩҲ޿ɺǵġ
û뵽û뵽
Ϲҧ˫ʶ߬ȭͷصôһԵǽϡ
顪
һµµսľиǡ
ǰϹ֣˺Լ
С
µһ٣Ǹ˾ҪʲôҪӦʲô飡
ƺϹҪ˵صɣһӾϹĹ˼ɣʳԼɻ֮µֱֱĶϹϣȴϹĻش
ϹϵαˣɳƵؿ˵ǸҲǽһҩ衣
ǰȥʱҩŻעʱڻĲˮУûã@
˻
Ϲ򵥵˵ôһ仰֮ϱ𺳣Ŀⲻ˼ĿϹ·ںϹȷǲԼëˣȻϹ˵ˡ
ԼôܻǸĪĴȻҪԼͺвϹȥģ
ǶĳԹŻǸ˴ĻǵģһԼͺӵвϹһϹسŵΥԼȥ㣬͵͵ĳԼ֪ʱһҩιԼ

1708 ˾2

ϿԼǱǿҩˣָúܿ죬ʵҩ˵һŶʱըҲ
ϹûаҪȥֻʱ򣬱ᶨʱԼըʱϹһܲסԼģ
˼ݰ
ҲŽź͵ǵĲУ㾿ǵʲô˲ţƵ˳̶ȣȻԶǧɽˮûȥֱӶԸ㣬ת
Ϲأ
𾪵ģϹ·𱻳˻һ㻹ȻĿڡ
ԭҴȥʱ򣬱Ǽƴ֮ҲǶȻ͵͵ĸιǿҩȥģǸ˻ºˣҲĸԸܣ
Ϲ۽Щʪ󣺡ҪǽͺӸٺõĻǸ鷳Ҳûʲôúµġ
˲ΪҪºͺӵȥֻĻֻƽҲƴôչˣûа취Լģ
˭
ϲ£ΪȥаϻǱ˵ҲΪΪԼźͺӣȥ˱˵
οǸ˻ֻƴǣ
˲һ˶ԼûĴ£һǷԼѩޣɹϻλʦѵƴǡ
һˣǴٳԼԼʵ飬ٳµֻ
ģ
ϹѾԼľ
û뵽Ǹ˾ȾͿϹ˼һ㣬ǰι˶ҩºˣµҲǡǸ˵УϹҪԼȫ£ȴȥֻҲǲˡ
Ǹʱʱ̵̿ķԼҪԼȥֻ
ϹŻ֪·Ǹ˵ݸҩʱ̬ȷӦŻǿҡ
ȴľҪΥԼȥ֮⣬ǵµ彡
òײžµģתֺ·˶ҩ
ʱԲ
Ϲ֪ôźˣ
һ̣Ϲ澹ȻޱȵĹµޱȵƴǡ
ҪʱƴԼߵģͲľˣ
£ǲǺûã
ͻҲʧȥ˷ִ磬һʱ֮䲻֪ôźá
ֻʶıϹԼе֪οϹⲻĴҪ־͹Ǹĳݶˣ˵úвǣҲǳΪˡ
µҲӦǸȥǺûаĹϵġ
µǷߺ޵ı飬˵ǸʱǺ޵ҧгݡǸʱ򣬻̬Ⱥơ
滹ǸмǸԼľ֮ģû뵽νĺƵĿ֮£еֻǲǺҰĻ
뵱º¡
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ȻڹѾˣٺڶûа취صǰ
鲻ǼںڵУҪϹİ취Դʱе̬ȡ
ĻѵǵҪԲͻ𣿡
ĿʧĿϹ˵Ļ˶ԸԵ飬ȴ˲òȥԵ顣
ҲΪѣȻֻȻãôֻԼһֱͬһģԼչˡ
ְԼ۽磬ةҲǸԼܶĻᡣ
ŵܸ׸ĳ谮飬ΪԼĻ£ֻҲͰġ
ѰҲ֪жӦ֪ԼǸøлֻֻĶµģοм仹ةѪ顣
֪ԼǷֻԭ͹ˣ
ڵԼİȫǿ׿⣬ֻǵǸڳֻģǲĿĲݣ
ϹҪȥĻǽǸ˻Ὣеĳ޶Ϲĺӵϡ
ԼĺŸճ۷ۣװֵģôĿɰ
ҪΪֻĳΪѣر㱻Ļ»ʹĲѡ
˶˽ġ
ΪһĸףӵȫҪ飬ܱסԼĺӣµȥҲǻԥġ
ԼǰѡĻ
ô¼֪ΥĵģҲǻԥѡ񱣻Լӵ
Ϲѹӡ
ϹѾ˾һ㣬Ŀ˵
ˣǱֻܶԲƴˡ
ҡڲջƫºԼĺϡ
Ϲڣϣҽ߳ܽ⿪ҩģȻĻҲѴˡ

1709 ˾3

ϵ磬ûΪѾ˾϶еȻĸȴԽԽࡣ
ԭ˯£ҲΪͻȻ֪֮Ҳ԰
ϹһαʹĶˣ˾֮󣬵㳯¿˵
ʱˣϢɣҾͻ̣׷ƴǺͻȥ
ӦѾˣ
ҪǰͻȻ̥ǰĻϹҲѾҺƴǻֻžˣ

˵ҪǱǸ˽ºͽ㹵ͨأ
ͻȻ˼һע⣺ʱǷһһϷֱӽץ
ͲΪˣ
¿ϹģȴӼᶨϹ֣Һһȥ
ģ
Щǻýɵģ
ϾϾǶŮˣ
¸ոձҪ˵Ͼ ׽ãֻķ̫ࡣ
û뵽ǻǵߣȴôҲ˵ˣ֮£ֻܽ˱ϾǶŮ˵ˣ
ΪǶŮˣĻ
ҲǻȽ׽ģֻҲǲԼ̫ķ
ȻϹϾˣǴǰֻĹϵˣϹʱֻҪķġ
ʱǻᴦܵƣ
Ҹһȥɣ
ӣǱ㽻ŵչˡ
еļѶһܣĲ̣˵ֿϾҪΪĻϹҲѵľأ
Ҫ֣ҲǹԼĹģ
ʵ˵仰ʱµѾ˾
еһܰɣ
ֻҪ֣͹õ˽ǧҪӰϹƴǻн֮Ĺϵ
⡭
Ϲ֪еĴΣǿģվǳɵĵ˵ͷá
Ǳһȥ
ܷʲô飬ǶҪһֱһ𣡡
ϹҲż
ڣ˶Բ֮󣬲ŻĽ磡

š
һŵȴա
յʱ棬ŵĵӲֻǽɽĸɽ˸飬Ҳŷ˸׳죬
ɽİմׯ棬ҲȥѰˣ
۾ͺصʧһ۲ǲٸˣûа취ҵˣֵĺۼҲ
ЩϼҵĵӺҵĵĿŲ룺Ӧô죿
Ǽȥ
Ǿ֮ˣ
ϼҵĵѯŵĿŲ룬ȴŲľϣʵ˵ʵ
ΪҪţҪԼ书Դ۵ģѾǺܶ۸ˣ
ϧʧٵģ
ڲ˵ҪѰۣʣµЩϼҵĵҲ˵ʲô
ǲ뻹Ҫ֣ʣµЩϼҵĵҲȰ˵룬˰ɣ
ǵϼҼǵ治ֵģ
һҪܵˣ˻ٶʱ;ҲǶûа취ҵģ
ǵϼҼҲʲô˵Ŀ԰ɣ

Щϼҵĵ硣
ڿЩϼҵǰѯʵʱ򣬲ϱأü֮ȴǻĿ˵ЩҪ飬ұҪȥԽ
ԺЩ죬һһ˼ѰϼҼ䣬˱Ǹҳţ
ѾŴ̫õʱˣڵҲôһ¶
ʱȥȥԼԵͳеԼҪеˣ
ϱأЩϼҵĵ㿪֮Ҳͬĵ˵ͷ
ǣȫƾ
ϼҵǶԲĵ̬Ⱥǹ֮󣬱ˡ
ҹɫŨء
Ҳǻ˴棬۾
˯˯ŵġ
£Ҳò볹ҹߣŨŨҹɫУƺһӰȻĳ˲Ժ䣬ڲոڴϵʱǵӰҲȻվڴߡ
ŵ񻨴꣬ǵӰɫӵĿŴĶ΢΢ŵģ˫Ƿľϣȴأ˼ʲôҪһ㡣
ǵˡ
˻
ۣ
Ǹŵĵ㳲Ѱȴټۣ
ȻǴĶĵӷֵģ
ֻǣΪʲôúõģȴͻȻҪ
ΪʲôúõģҪǶ֮ȴҪһĵĹ͵
ʱȻѾҹҹɫڣ¹ȴǸ߸ߵϣɫ¹⣬һܿϵı飬Ȼ
ٿһ˫ӵʱȴǲɵøΪˣ
ԭ۾Ǻö˶˵һ˫аȵһ۵ģڣ˫ö˶˵һۣȴ˫죡
˺Ѫ˿
ɲ
ûп۵ģһᱻ۵ģŵģ

1710 ۾ʲô

۾ʲô
Ǻúõһ˫۾Ϊʲôڱ˵Ѫɫ
УۼȻѾ伣뿪κҵΪֻ͵͵Ļص֮룡
Ҫʲô
ϧ
ĲԼԺЩԾ̽һʱԺȴͻȻ˷Ĳ쳣ٿʱӰʧŨŨҹɫˣ
ոմ򿪴ŨŨҹɫʱԺѾʧӰˣ
ɵٳٵĲϴӴ˻ǲĵĴá
ϧȴǺ
ѣ»ص˷֮ڽغá
ãȻ૵֣
ѵǸոҲ𣿡
Ȼûŵģ
ϵı磬ѵԼΪ̫˼ۣԲŻ˻þ
ǲӦð
۶ʧôõʱˣԼҲûʲô̫ķӦģ
ôƫƫʱ˻þ
ǡ
Ų뵽濴ŵʱȴǵĵȷȷûзӰģ
黹а˵ģ
ʵֲûҵۣԴ书Ŷ֮󣬱Ѿﵽ˸Īĳ̶ȡ
ûмĶˣ书ȴ˶Ρ
Ȼ۵Ķ֣㰫һ㡣
ҪܲĻǲľٺãҲҲ۵ģҲΪʲô۵ӰƵƵĳ֮ڣЩǰѰ۵ŵȴǲ鲻۵ټԭ
ΪԼǲҪֵģ
ڲغ÷ŴʱڴϵʱĨ۵ӰٶȳڲСԺС
ŨŨҹɫһ˫ѪʵעĿʱû˵ģ򿴼һѪȵģȻǻᱻŵòᡣ
϶ٶȽȷѪ꣡
֮ǰ۱Ǹ飬Ѿڵĵʮʱˣ
Ҫڱŵĵӿɺֻ۴ǰһβ׵ĹܲܳΪϼҵϼҼ˵ǰϵûС
ֻǲҪʧΪѰˣ
ԡ
۲ŲòҲǱҪģ
Ҳ֪۵ӰŨŨҹɫͣ˶ãվޱߵҹɫȻʧСԺҲٶȻָͺ۴ûлһ㣡

һ
ѩ߾ɽ棡
ͺһ·ͣͣ
Ҳȷûʧ
ЩŸҩĵͼĵʱ򣬺ѧͼҩĵԺͽṹҩüֵٶԶԶҪԤٶȸ졣
㵹ǽϲء
ۼźĶҩĵ˽Ѿ˺ĵزٶȽ˺һҽ䡣
һ˵֮ǰЩҩļͺȫˣ㲻¼еҩ㶼ϤʣµЩ㲻ϵõĻҲһЩõģʱǿԵĸһЩˣ
ҩǧǧܶ࿴ֻͨĲݣʵȴҲҩüֵǶüֵģ
ҪΪһ׼Ҫ¼еҩĶʶĻôˣ¾ûһǺϸĴˣ
ҸɴҲβˣͺúõĴڼ濴ҽ䣬Ȼȥʶָҩľͺˡ
ֻҪǳɽ֮ص鼮ϾͿˣԿʼҽˡ
ǳ
Ȼеģôѧϰһô΢Ƭ̣˺Ľ顣
áļҲûıֱӵͷͬģԼѧϰĳɹٶҲǻ𾪵ģû뵽Լⷽ츳ԭԼ˴ѧҽʱװ׵СԼĺʧ
û뵽ѧٶ죬ȻЩҩĵʱѸٺ̣õĹ򣬱ֱӽиѵҩĸŸ
ҽ棬ǲЩ࣬ţܵĴڵġ
ÿһڵҪǼĿ̵ģ
ҪβˣôһҪЩҩĵҩһ˿ģ׼رԵĲʧ֮壬֮ǧģʱϵĿ˵
ڱеʱҲǲа̵ͷܣÿһҩĶǾҵҵرţٶǿ졣
麣Ҫȴӽһ濪ʼѧϰȻˣܰС˵顣
ū澶лСָ̣ūһúѧϰġ
ȻСʧٶԼģҽ齻ĵʱȴͻȻתתĿƲ½ŵ£йһСӳ
Ƭ֮䣬Ѿ˽취
ͻȻһͺǻһԵʯϣɫʹֲ԰׵Ŀźģģģ쿴ʲôѽ
ı˹ע˳ȥ֮һСѸ٣

1711 ܴӦūһ

ĵҲڿСӵʱһǺܿĺı㷴ӦԾĵطҲСӵ쳣
ûѧϰҽĻһΪѰСӣֻǳЩѿЩ˰ˣܻɵǣֻһȻĳڱܵģŮ˵ĽͶԳªĺ¡
һβͬ
ڿСӵʱһ۾ͿСӲԾ쳣
СԶһЩñСӸ˵
ĵһʱ䷴Ӧֱӽ뿪ԭأԼȴǸӱóһСչޣֱȥǺɫСװСչ棬ϱصع۲չ߶Сӡ
СӺкܶ಻Ծĵط
ֻǻС˵ûʲôëȴǽв׼ģ˱㽫ֵСõǰ飬ϾѧϰҽЩӦǺĵǰˡ
۹ҲӦǱȺĸϬġ
ںĽСӷǰʱϵı鲢δ̫ı仯Ҳδ⣬һֱڲ԰׵״̬ȴʵһ̫ˣ
Լ֮¶ЩСӿʼ˻ɣôʣµǲҪ˵̫ҲǿԺܺõĽˡ
СӺǹ죬
üĽ󻺻Ŀ˵Ǳ˶ֽŵġ
Ȼûֱ˵Скζߵģô˵֮󣬱ǺεĴҲӦ֪Ŷߵġ
Ȼ
Ļ֮󣬺ıǽСչ޶װŵСٶõԼǰĹ۲һСӵϣ󣬽üģɵĿС㣬СӲͨģǿͷӡõλǷ࣬ū澡ūôţôСӺǳʲôųڵأ
ĵźܴĲţϾ⻰˵֮Щֵġ
Ӿǳӣܳʲôӡ
ȻϵıȴЩζģüźĵģǰúеĳɽȥת𾪵ŴͣСС㡭
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ô˵仰֮󣬺ҧԼͷһ㣬ֻ𾪡
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ͷֻǸոյĴԺܿ죬˲úĵһɻ
С㡭
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ȻĿúͻȻéٿˡ
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ͬʱֻԼͻȻһ󺮷𣬿ԼɽͷƤ顣
С㣬СǱҩιĹƳ棬ңǹɽŵģ˵ʱ򣬺ĲɵƤһһֲõԤжʱͷӿ
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ѵɽ棬ʲôɸ˵
˵ڣɽǱ˵˻Ƴĵطڵġ
ҪĻ̫̬ˣ
һֻƳ涼пҪĹȷѪꡣ
ֺοôһɽĹƳ棬ĵɫʱѿˡ
ںĿ֮£Ҳɫǳĵ˵ͷǰ
ģҪǵͬǰ㣬Щӣǲˣ
ʵҪ˵飬仰ҪǴӺĵĿ˵ĻǱȫȻ˸ζģҲúŷ
ȻûʲôҪôȺúõĹ۲һЩƳ浽ô°ɣ
ҪɽƵĻôӦ취Ƴǽ̫ˣ
ĵ˲Ǳüᶨ뱾ںĿڣȻֵôӦˡ
á
ġ
ЦЦźĵҲʺ˼ɣԣģҵ˼𣿡
¶˫ԵģҲбףǱףģǵĿжҪıˣʲô뷨ôġ
Ȼ󡭡

ѧƣһʮ飬úõˣǲȥѧϰƹƳ棬ҪǹƳԶԶģڣںѧϰҽ֮󣬶ԹҲ漰֮󡭡
̬ȱȫ˸ӣǰǰȫĿˡ
ڵĻ滹˼ҡ
ҺԼǶҽģôῴɽĳǱ˶ֽŵأ
͸֪ɽĳпܱ˵ɹƳŵˣ
˾һ㣬ĿῪ˵С㣬ܴӦūһ𣡣
ϵЦʧվԭأҲͬĿ֣صĿźģʲô飬˵

1712 ģҺܸ

С㣬ԺҪϰƵĻū澲ֹҲڶˣҪӦūһ顣
ϵıأĿ˵ĻҲ澭ε˼ġ
ڿź֣صģĿ˵ʲô飿
˵һ
ϰƣҲùƳԼҪȥ˭˭ĻūҲ㡣
Ӧū澣ˮٶȷǰЩˣԣֻˮİգׯİҲɣ
С㣬޹ˣҲеСүƣ𣿡
µԴѾתˣΪʲôԹ˵ִţ˻ϣһҪԼİֶεġ
ֻ׸ķݶ
ǰǸٺòӡ
ΪûԼı£ҪõԼҪõĶֻܽϣڱ˵ϣȻҪȥ˶
ϧû˭һֱסġ
佫ϣ˵ϣԼǿһ㣬㽫ʲôΣյģûκεҲܺúõıԼԼںˣͺúõĻȥ
ѧϰƹƳ棬ͺ͹ıһĵġ
Ҳ˫ԣҲбס
ùԼҲȥˣҪĲȥѧ飬ҪǣѧϰƳֵ֮ʱεѡ
ڵĺĵĿ˺ܴĸĹۣҲ㲻ǿֿɵõĻˡ
ҲǶƹƳµĿ͸Ĺ̬ȡ
֪滹ҪƳģһôֹֹ˵ġ
ϾǳޣҪչ˺ԼδĺӣԼȥѧƳĻôûκ֮غ͸
ǿȥƹƳĻڲ෽·
öҲǲƽģǾҪƹƳĻôϲԼȥϰץ˶ٳֻ˶ҩġĶٲˣǣȷʵҺ޹˵ġ
Һ޹ˣôҲһӲġ
ĲɵӣҪǸտʼ֪ܲɽĹƳ涼⾫ĻܻΪʲôͻȻԼҽеĴɻ
ڿɽôӶǱҩ֮
ǻ׵Ļǵ̫ˡ
ôúԼ׹ҪúԼϰƳƲȫȻģҲһĺô
ôͻȽϱ໥һӴһˡ
ԣҲͨˣһֱԱ֧ȻٺԼ£Чõģ
Ȼ
ôԼ˵ʱֹסľϲؽźĵ֣мؿ˵ģлл㣡
ʵ˵ʵû˻Ըѻƪȥƭ˵ġ
ѻԹϵˣտ֮ǰҪʾ֭һԼ˵Ļû©ģܲƭˣԼֻ᲻ᱻ𴩡
ҪԲһԣҪԡ
ö֮Լܻͷˣ
ҲΪԵĹȦлľģʱˣԼֱ治鵽ʵĻǻˣ
ǿԣںĵǰҲǲ˵İѻġ
ֻϧΪԸǵȷƣֺǹֱȴ̫ۺִˣҪԼֱ˵ĻһͬԼƹƳģʱֻԼ磬ֵ
Ĳʧȥˣ
ԽܹˣԹѵˣԽǶԸ鿴ء
ҪûнܺҲͰˣҲǺûκεĹϵģϧξԼΣ֮УȻģҪ׵ĸảҲˣ
ԡ
Ǻϣ֧Լġ
ҪĻȥϰƳĻôҲǲĵģָоͺԼԶһ⡣
õгˡ
ȴƫƫԱվһʱ̻ػ·
ȥǿ⣬ȴҲȥ
ֻ۾ȴԲָоʵǼ尾
ںˡ
ѾӦԼ
ֻҪԼȥˮĴ㲻ֹԼϰƳ档
ʵ仰㺣ĲҪԼĻҲ򲻻ġ
ϾϻźӣԼΪԼ룬ȴΪ˺ӵĽԲɱ޹һ棬ʱ˺ӵĸǾΪĸ׵ˡ
϶ģҿ϶ɱ޹ˣ
ڿźԼʱҲ֣µģһźı֤
ģҺܸˡ
˵ʱ򣬿źĵĿֳֿϿңҺܸˣ˺ͨһ㣬ͲٷϰƳˡ
֪ģϣƭ˾ˡ
Ҳֻˡ

1713 Ҳֻ

ڣ綼ˣ߳˺һǹϵ׺֮⣬ǵûʲô׽ˣ
㱯˵ģҲۣǣеȴֻǳһ˲䣬ܿģǱȡˡ
ǰ֣ķСϸС㣬ԺСүġ
µ
ū澺СүһֱСߵġ˵ġ
ʵ˵ʣµΨһһˣȴʤ˵Ĵˣ
ͬģں˵Ҳǳĸ֮ںԼˣ
Ȼ ֮й⣬йִĵҲֻһεҪ뿪ʲôϵأ
ֻлϣŻЩصĿ֮Ҳ˵ĵҲںģǺİ㶼ںĻ̬ҲֻǹرֵĻĶԶ
˵ֽһ𣬺ĺ˴˿ŶԷһЦ
⿪Ľ֮£ûκٲ𴩺֮ĸϵˡ
Сڵ̺øɲݵʯͷãԼȴǶȥˮ˻𣬻ԵһֻҰá
С㣬̫ˣϿԼӲˣ
ҲźڵķʵһܿģĿŨصĿɽпٵ˼Žİ취
Ȼ֪ɽĹƳ澿˭ģȴǲѲ³ЩֱʣҵЩΪˡ
һΪ׼ҵˣҵСԺɽģúõˣĲƴ֣ôȥѡһطסǣطǹģ
˵ͨ
ߡ
ĶǴġ
Ҫǹòģһɳ֮⣬˲˵ЧҲûôҰĵģ
뵽⣬Ŀ㲻ɵó˼֡
ϲˣĵˣĵˣҪʲô֪Ҳ֪
֪Ψһһǡ
˵ʲôҵЩ޳ܵ˼ıóѣ
氵˾ġ
ۼźѾҰã͵ǰʱ򣺡С㣬ʲôأ
ôĳ񣿡
ޱȵļᶨ˵ģǲɽ涺̫õʱˡ
ںˣ԰ңٶȣܴɽץٵĹƳץٵĹƳ棬ʣµġ
˵ʱͻȻŻ𣡣
˻
£ĲɵõһȻĴġ
СҪŻɽ
ҪɽеĹƳ涼Ż
Ͼ˵ޣ ԲȣܱɽҲȫɽĹƳˣΪʱ̫˶Լɱ֮
ֱ֣ĸɴˡ
ֱӷһѻ𣬽ɽյĸɾɽĹƳûܻȥˣ
ҲΪˣ
ȻӦҪģ
Ƭ̵𾪵Ĺ򣬺ıصĳ˵ͷã
С㣬ū澱ġ
ۼѾܿɽ·Сˣҹ·Ļҹʱ־ܴɽȥ
վڸߴȥѾܿ治ԶʯС·ˣò˶õʱ䣬Ǳܳ׵Ĵɽ߳ȥˣ
뺣ĵҲǾϲ
˾Ȼɽ߳ˡ
ĵãСǳԹ˿ͷģЩɽ·ûʲôСǽʳʱ˿̵Ļźӡ
Ҳźһ·
֮
Ǻá
֮󣬱㿪ʼжɣ
ջĿ⣬źĵݹҰ⣬ʱǾõǶ˵ģ
ΪźӵԭڵҪԵĶҲֻһ˵Ҫ˵ġ
ԡ
ɽĻãԵҲûٶ١
Ҫ֮ǰһ˵ķöˣ
ã
ҲæµһˣСտգһֻҰܿıǱ˳˸ɾ
ժЩҰϣһ̬ûмɽϢǼǰ·ȻʱʱҪȥץЩƳ棬ȴҲ˿ûеٶȵģ
ĺɫʱ˴ɽгˣ
ģ
Сһ㣡
ЩĺĵİΣ̲סѡ
ĵ˵ͷӰȴߵѸ٣ܿģɽѹ˲ٵҰݡ
ҺѾˣȻ︴գ࣬ǷȴǺܴ
кܶĿݲ֦û˴ҪʱڷŻɽʵѣеվڱźģĵӰȴǶѸ١
䡪
Ȼ
ǱʰõĸɲݶѸոձȼ˻𣬻Ǳ˲䱻ĴϯѸ١
һǳܴ
ĵЩΡ
ɽ治ֻŹƳڡ

1714 ׷ʲô

飬Ҳ֪ɽûİա
ڴܲɽ˻ߣñ˵꼰

Ҳûа취İ취
ҪǲŻɽɽЩƳ浱ȫɽ
ʱҪڸӲذٱ
ȡ֮䣬ǶЩ޹İպɽ޹鲻ƽɲڣ
Ҫôѡ
˲㽫ҹһ㡣
ʱĺȴѸٵĴɽ»صߣС㣬ǿЩ߰ɡ
ȻҪǱ˭ˣɾͲˡ
ɽĹƳȻҵЩ ŵģȻôġ
ذҲǲڰпš
ֻΪƳһķʱ飬ǼС꣬Ĳ²⣬Щصҵְ˰ɣҲû뵽Ȼ˷ɽ춯̶ŻɽŸǿɳ֮
ǻѸʹȼٶҲܿ죬Ļ⽫ҹ硣
Ź˶ãͻʱͣ»ֱӱЩ鿴˸¡
Ͳˡ
ãǿЩߡ
ںĵ飬ҲǺͬģ˿Ƭ̵ĵ顣
ڻ֮󣬱ĳɽҰС·ȥͷҲء
Ȼ֮ûã书ǿӰ˲䵽Ƭɽ֮⡣
䡣
ǼӰĿ𺳵ĿѾգ۹ճ˻ɽܿıָŭģ˭˭
ȻҶҵĵ֣
ϷҵϷһ֮صģ
߳˫죬ǳ⣺ǸڸʲôȻ鶼첻á
￴صģΪĴȴڻûг֣
ҵĵλߣҲǱҵļΪصģɽŵĹƳ濴һС£ȴƻ治ɻȱҪĵط
ԡ
ҵļŻὫô޵񽻸
ǡ
Ҳ֪ʲôģյôѸͣȴûг˵һ飬ǾǣɽҵСԺסţ
ȥʲôطˣ
ҵ߳һŭ
ЩҲŷȵĿڣǰǳʲô飡
ΪʲôͻȻأ
ʲô
ϽȻѽ߳ŭȻߵҳȥ岢δŰֵжĿǳؿŭŵ߳ϣôĻҪȻ𣿡
ֹס
ɽ˻𱾾ġ
ټ˴ʱҹʱ֡
߲塣
صĵҲϢһһҪ뽫Щ˸лĻЩֻĿǻ˽ʱĹƳǰһȴʲô취ûУǰװ׵ˡ
ѵҪôõѪһȫȻ𣿡߳ȻҲ֪ƾȲˣŵЩƳҲǻˣʵ̫ˡ
ôܽܵġ
ߣҳﱸôѪڵʢ
ɽЩƳԶԶôࡣ
ÿһֻÿһ
ҵЩӴѡʺǵĳӡ
Ҳ˵ɽŵĹƳ棬Ѿټͬɱˣ
еĹƳ棬Ѿɱ˴ľƷ
ȴջ١
ûˡ
ʲôûˡ
ѪûˣǼڻصңҲᶪˡ
ҵļ֪﷢Ĵ£ǾԲô׵ķŹˡ
ͨ
߳еŭʧתʧǱ˳߻ľһ㣬˲̱ڵϣЩصĳҲң
ҼסֶΣʮֵġ
ôֻƳ棬ô飬ҪǱ֪˵Ļ
Ѿô򵥵ˡ

ЩҵĳǿԼѸٵֻվﰦ̾վǰ취
峤ϻĿ˵϶˲ˣƳҲûа취Ȼˣվȥһµô£ҲڵʱżͶûаɣ
¶ôаˣ
ʲôûʲôû˵ǺһֻǴԼԺ棬Ĺ̹ӣЩƳ滹ûɣֻҪһʱ̶ȥһЩƳƾͿˡ
һֱôѾά˴ʱ䶼ûиıˡ
û뵽
ڽϣǸոմúõ˯һʱȴͻȻô𺳣
ǻѸͣԶԶģԼԺ棬ȴҲǲѿģЩǵķӦѾٶˣѸٵĴѸϹʱ򡭡
ϧ
ˣ
Ҫûз磡

1715 ʲôûˣ

ôЩЭȥЩ磬ϣģ
ⱱŰЩ书ٸǿȴҲûа취ֵùˣ
Ҫǡ
Σ
䳤ҲǺ޵ҧгݣҪ̲ô£
ҵ֣
˵ǻоȣ
ǰǰ
䳤ϻ֮ҲǷ׷׵ĵͷͬ峤ϵҲʵǡû·ѡˣ

Щҵĳ۽ЩʪĿǴδֹͣɽɵ̾۽Ǹ˸ż⡣
Ѫȫ׷ˡ
Ǽ׷ǵҲָ
ҪɹĶؽɽÿ˵ԸۼѾϣǡ
ȴΪһ𡭡
ûôĹƳ棬պ涯Ҫ۽ˣ
߰ɣ
䳤Ͻ߳ϴӵεĿȼյĴֻϧ̾һǳ֮⣬ȴʲô˵ġ
ܱûɽҲղɽĻƣŶյ߰˰˵ģҲȻȻֹסˣ
ǲһЩӹŻСһЩ֮βͿˣ
䳤ϵҲǳûа취ô飬ܺ߳һȻʧ˷ִ硣
ô
һ˱㶼ûġ
ֻԼ
ץʱȥһеĽ취ܾˮʯ
οԼ䳤ϣ߳ϵķߺ޵û˰㣬˳ƴӵȻȴ˫߬ȭͷٶŭ
ǵȷӲΣҪǣȥҲûаԹء
˾¡
Ӧܵͷġ
ҪҵļĻǲǸҵļôͷǣǶĸԸ
ܷӦģһȴܲǸΡ
߳㿪֮˺ܿ߳ϵ˼
ߣ⻰˵ǣ
峤ЩɻĿ߳ϡ
Ҫʲô
߳ȴĿĿ峤ϡ
ҪǸˣΪԼҵӾͿΪΪ޼ɵ
Ҫһ˵ҲҪܱǻΡ
Ҫ֪ˮȨٴȴȫǰոģնĻȺ֮Ӹ߸ϵĻλ
ʲôά粽С
ͬҲ
Ǹȷ⣬һ˱Ҫϵһ㣬ͬΪҲһҪ⡣
Ǹ֮Կһֱô꣬ĲֻĻֶΣǻģһĵӺͳĶ֧ϵġ
ı¡
һ۵ӣߵӿ⣬ƾУЩռϷľı¡
ô꣬ҵ峤Ϻֻ߳Ǳ̬ȣ˭ҲԣҲ֧֣ûкȷվλ
Ҫ֮˵ҲǶ׺ġ
ǵȷǷҼǰƬɽ֡Ҽԭأҵ߳Ϻ峤ϣͬʮһϺʮϣŸãúõĿһƬɽ
ɽĹƳ档
飬Ǽǻҵķ糾͵ģӸ˹ɽǰܴĲѡ
ʱȥôãȴûмǸټ
Ȼ񣬽ҼԺ󣬲֪ȥʲôطйˡ˿ûаֵģοƴΣ
һ£߳Ϻ峤ϵ΢΢ƫģõʵûôҪҪסҵĽɽĴǵ
ʵͱ¡
Ҫʥʵ۷ҪִΪ̫ӣôܻᵼǸӹܵĻҵĽɽ
ֻռ˸֣ȴûʲô̫ı¡
ι뷨³̣ƷҲǲãɫԣ˽
ŪðԹ࣬ǴĽɽƷˡ
ʱѾȥ˰꣬ҵЩӱܴ֮⣬ȴҪִڵ档
ʷѵҪٶ
Ѿ߹һεĴ·֮ȴҪԭĴ·ȥߡ⽭ɽĶҲûʲôô
߳Ϻ峤ϵѾٵ˾
ôҪҵǸһе˵֮ϡ
ǡ
߳˵Ķԡ
Ҳֻܰ߳ϵĽȥˡ
߳ϻ֮󣬺ʮϺʮϷ׷׵ͷ
峤Ҳֻܸһ𣺡ãǱȥһҰɡ
ϧǸùǱ˵㲻εĹѪͷ

1716 ϸ

ʵϣȻƽϲĹȥĴй䣬ܹҪҪˣΪ̽䣬ȻϷ档
֮ڻû֣ΪѾڻʹ⵽˶֣ڹͷ˰ɣôܻٶȳأ
һεҵվϺ߳ϴˣ
߳ϣˡ
ôȥѰ壬ǾҲҪǸ˸ҳˣ
Ȼ
߳Ϻ峤ʦһұסʱȴһʱȴǽЩ˵ŵŭûκοԷĵط
ŭҲʧ˿ֻţЩ˵۳ӡ
ˣ
磬ĳˣֻɽͻȻ˴𣬾Ҳǲټˡ
߳Ϻ峤ǱҪҵѵģȻȴҲ£ŵԺӶûټ
Ψ֪֪ģ֪֪⼸Ѿߴæ֮ڴɽ֮ǰСԺ˳ʵǱѡ
߳Ϻҵ䳤ʱһֲõԤеġ
ЩŻŵˣ߳üĽĿ˵ǼʶȤĻͿ˵
ǵȥ
ٸʲô
ǸĻȻϷҪǺÿ
߳Ŀ׺ݣڿ֪⼸ϰߵūǵһ˲䣬ͳԼЯŵĳ
ֱֱָڵ֪֪ĵǰ
ʵϷǵƤǵҲϷκΣ
߳вζʮ㡣
֪֪ļ״ҲǱŵЩæĳϺ峤ϹȥسǵĻūҲʵڲ֪Ƿʲô鰡
֪ںηʲô
֪ϱֲ̿ѣūֻǷƫԺչŮˡ
ʲô֪ˡ
ǰǰ߳ϡ
ǵû˵ѣҲûƭ㡣
ūǲҵģ
֪Ļ֪֮ĺ֪֪æĸſڣʱǲȥĵطֻԺš
һٹصģҪȥģū˵ģҲȻҸѯʣ
Ҳ֪ȥɽΪʲôͻȻ˻𣡣
֪֪ļȻ֪أʲô֮飬Ǵʱ˿ҲǲҳԶײ߳Ϻ峤ϵʵġ
ֻͨһڵϣԴǿеĿ߳Ϻ峤ܷ⿪һ£Ǽ˵ҪǨŭǡ
߳ɫ׼ǰ˽ǵʱ֪ͻȻʲôҪһ
ˣ峤ϣ߳ϣūͻȻһ顣
ϰγĽûջĿڣǳ֪ʲô˵
ǡ
һλʱ²ġ
Ҳ֪ǴһӣȻûñ㽫Ǻӱߡ
֪ϵıأüͷҲ֤˵ʱǵ˼ŵģ
ʱ˵ĺǡ˵ĺǡ˵ҪȥĻʹҪǺӻһ
֮ҲûлˣֻǴ˿ǳĻʹɡ
֪ǽԼ֪һһʮûκαض߳Ϻ峤˵ĳ
߳Ϻ峤ūǵļ
˭֪߳Ϻ峤֪ô˵ʱϵŭûаȥ˼ֱ֣ǳǡ

˵ʲôƨ
Ĺ䶯̫ϻʺ̫ʱѾˣȴ˵ڳĻʹģ
ڳĻʹʲô˶Ѿˡ
ѲһӣҪȥʹоס𣿡
Ϸ⼸ѾͷǲͲʵģΪӱΣȻַϻ˵ĳ浱Ϸôƭ𣿣
߳ǳ⡣
֪Ļûţ
ʵ벻ȥ
Ҫ˵ȥ˳ĻʹĻôԸƴǺֻ۽Ѿ뿪ĻǶȻڻʹͣˣ͸ôõʱ䶼ҵСԺ
οͳһֱûʲôϵġ
ȥĻʹȡʲô
˭ȡ
˵һճĺӣ
ЦǺЦ
֪Ļ߳ϰ仰ţ
Ȼֻ֪Լ޽ʱ峤ȴͻȻ֪Ļ˹ؼ
һȣո˵ʲô
峤ϱأĿƵĶ֪ϡ
һ㷴ı֪һ֪ǿеĺ£һһʮظԼո˵Ļ
峤ϵĻū澸ղ˵ʱпڳĻʹˣΪ֪ǰһӣžǴӳ͵ġ
ǰ죬ֱǺ뿪ҵСԺȥģӦûʲôҪĶɡ

1717 һǺǸŮйϵ

ҪʲôҪĶȴûкū˵ġ
֪˵껰ĬĬعڵϣֱ峤ϵ۾
Ȼ֪֪峤ȴҲû뵽ֱӰ˰֣䣬ո˵Ĳ䣬ٻͷһ롣
˵仰֮ǰ˵ʲô
֪һãȻĿ峤ϣ֪峤Ϻ«﾿ʲôҩ
Ҳ֪峤ϵҪʲôϢԼոն˵ʲôˡ
ǣ峤ڴע֮£֪ü˼˺ܾãҲֻȥԼոյ˵ʲôġ
á
֪ʲôһ㣬̽Ŀڣ峤ϣ˼˵ū澸ո˵ҵСԺΪչһŮ˶𣿡
ҵƫԺЩūţ£ôİˡ
еĺ峤ϵĿ⣬ǾʣǸеŮ˱峤ϸע⵽ˣ
ԣԣԾ䡣
Ȼ֪ٶظ仰ʱ峤ҲͻȻ˿شһһ˫۾ɢž⣺ո˵Ū˸ŮˣҵСԺҪչˣ
ŮУ
֪صĵ˵ͷǵģŮ˺񻹻С
峤ϼ׷ʵǸŮŵĺӣ𣿡
֪֣صҡҡͷǡ
տʼʱūҲǺӿѪӾˣǸŮ˺ǹѵĺҲĵʱǱ²⣬ǿܲĹ⣡
ôŮںδأ
䳤ϼ׷ʡ
ȻЩ֣ҲǸзִˣʧô첻Ҳ˵СԺ˸Ů˹ס
ǸŮ˾ʲôݣ
ʲôˣ
еһеϢƽ޹ʵŴ̼ԡ
֪ˣѾ⼸֪ǰĻʼˣ峤Ҳ⡣
峤ɻ֪ǻƺڸ֪ЩԼȷĴ𰸣֪˵ǸŮ˸еĺӿܲѪ䳤ϵȴôġ
˸ɻ
峤ϵ׷ʵʱ߳ϺҵĳҲǲɵøŽҵͻƿˡ
Ȼ֪ȴǿ⼸λλȨصĳϵڴʱЩãȻ
ȻվϺ峤ϵĿֱӵʱ֪ȴͻȻͷεͬλִµһ˵ǸŮˡ
ǸŮǰͻȻʧˣ
˵ʱ֪˫ͫҲ̲סŴ󣡣
֪ģ֪֪Ҳͬʱ˲õԤС
ѵ
ѵ
ϧ˵˺üѵûѵȻ
Ϊʵ̫ˣ
𺳵Щ˻ɺͲ²ˣú׺Ͳ˼飡
Ҫ˵ǣѵɽͻȻ˴ߵǸͺΪ𣿣
δ̫ˣ
˶Ů֮书ᣬܴɽ߲ѾıˣôܻŻɽ
ҲûǸҪ
ɽûеǣ
ɽƵ飬ֻһ˲֪е飬һǴɽ֪֪ĵ˶ǲ֪ģ벻Ȼ
߳Ϻܼҵ䳤ȴǲô
ǸŮΪʲôʧô˵ģ
߳ǳ⡣
֪ŵɪɪ߳ϵĻǸŮʱȷǺӣҪūҹ뿪ǸŮˣʱصļǸŮǲʲô쳣ĵط
ʱȥ˺ܾãǸŮ˱ӻ֮󣬳ÿվĵ̥֮⣬ʲôģūҲǶ˾衣
ߣһλʱ򣬽ǸӱߵʱǺ˵ҪҵĶҵˣǸŮҲûʲôôˣ
֪Щū ǸŮ˷ûʲôôˣҲ˷ʱ䣬ֱԺúõĴţˣ
һ㣬֪˵ʵġ
û˻Ը⵱ɱ˵ˣȥźˣ
ǲѡ
ǼȻҵū澣һֱչģһЩɵĻͻȻ˸Ůˣȥǰϥ
ǰǸôҲͰˣ˵ûʲôôˣ
ô֪֪Щ˾͸Ӳںˡ
Ҫߵʱæûֱӽ˵̫ЩֽͺģȻǲټˣ
ҲΪûͺĵ
Ȼ
֪֪ļҲû뵽ͺģȻǲעʱ͵͵ߡ
ǺˣЩҲûҪȥ
ģУǵҵСԺˣҲܻ߳ȥɽҪ
ԺԺ涼һġ

1718 ҪҵǸŮˣ

ȻһģҲͲ׷װ׵ˣ
˶ˣ
ԡ
ǲһֱûжֵģ
Ϊûа취ȥ
ҪǽͻȻĴЩ˿Ҫ׵Ľ ͺĸˣ
룬߳ȴǿ֪֪Ⱥģʱ򣬶ʱһŻ
˵ǻʲô
ûõĶ
һ޸֮иǶסˣôĻˣ
߳Խ˵Խ̧֣˻ҪֱӶЩûõū֣˭֪߳ ոնֱ֣ӱ峤ϸʱ
ߣ
ߣ
侲һ㡣
ʮ߸ѾزˣŭǽЩȫ˶ûˣ
֪֮Щūְأɽ Ƴ汻٣ȷǸǣնˣǵ潫˸ɱҲûʲôôˣ
߳ϵıŭ峤ϻǱ侲ġ
֪֪ȺūǸǻֲ̿ѣūǰɡ
ūʵڲ֪ǸŮˣȻôĻˣҲû뵽ǸŮ˻ĺ
ǸԸͣնԴЩҲǿ 
û뵽
ˮŮĳȴ˺ݶ
֪֪ǲ֪ɽйųǣҲ֪ҪյɽϵĹƳ档
ֻǺҵСԺסЩһԼţ治Ҫǡ
ߵŮ֮󣬱ԥŷŻɽΪֻҪǰˡ
֪֪Ĳ֪ҪյĶʲôʵ˵ʵ֪֪Ķ⼸λҵĳϵ̬ҲǾ֣
һɽ𣡣
ҪǻˣܻǴ޽ûʲô·ˣ
ǶǸɵй˵һɽҪЩƤӵ¶ѣջˣҲǲʹģͲں
ǲ֪Ϊʲô⼸λҳϵģȻĽźӡ
һ㣬ʵЩūɻģ
ȫãȻ֪֪峤ϲɵ̬ȣ߳ϸǿѹȥŹڵϵ֪֪ġ
ǸŮ˾ʲôǿ֪
֪֪ٶҡҡͷ峤ϵĻūǲ֪
߳Ϻòױ峤ѹȥŭٶȼ
˵ǷﶼǶǿˣúõһ˿סҲͿסˡ
ȻǸŮʲôݣﶼ˵ǸʲôԵѽ
ƽ޹ʵԼǰԼ𣿡
߳϶Ҫˣ
Ҳ֪ǸڸʲôȻôһѷ
˼ߣǾǿһܳһƬġ
ٿ ŵЩˣ
һǾʵĵ鷢ʱȴһõĶûС
һ֪
߳ĺ޲õͽг
糬ˣ
峤֪֪ش֮ɫҲǺѿǿ򶨼Ǹ֪֪ģݲ֪ôʲôӣӦɣ
Ҳ֪ôϷûǻȥˡ
峤Ҳ֪֪֮࣬ĻȥΪôģ
һôû˵Ļ
ô峤ҲҲĽЩ˵Ļˣ
Ȼ֮Ż˲ô
ϵ仰֪֪֮æĳϿͷģ峤ϵĻǸŮūǼǵˣǿ̹ĵġ
ǸŮ˻ɻңūҲһҵǵģ
仰֪֪Ҳ˵ҧгݡ
ǳԵĿ
֪֪ܿĻȻǻĪΪΪѪĴ۵ģ߳峤ϲ׷ʵĻ֪֪ҲȻɽȥĹȥѰټģ
˵𲻱У
֪֪м֪˵ģ峤ϵɫſĺתһЩ
򡭡
峤Լ˵ˣֺο˵߳ϲҪŭ
ǺãǼ̸ϷңŮ˵Ļ񻭳һ㱨
ôҪҵǸŮˣ
峤ϵıأ˵仰ʱ̬Ҳʮּ
߳еŭʧ̶˼Ŀ峤ϡ
ԸǺ˽ģ࣬ûбҪİǾԲȥģ
ȻܿҪūŸһ׼ңǵļͻ㱨Ļ
ôȻ䳤ϵѾ˽İ취
ѵһǻӹһ𣿲ñ
峤ϵʱһϣȻЩĿ峤ϡ

1719 Ҹ

Ҫʱ˵Ļ߳뽫峤ϸţȻúõ浽ʲôƻ
ôġ
ҲǸһ׼ڲľִٺ;н
֮峤ϵȴʼձŸе侲
ЩȻûֱ˵ĺ߳˵һ󵨵Ĳ²⣬Ǹ²ǡ
峤ϵǸŮ˵ɡ
ǸߵŮ˵Ǻηʥʲôж
ҲĺӵǲģֱҪǸŮ˸ҵ
Ĵ㣬ǸŮ˶ĺӵ治ġ
Ҳ޷ǽݻ˸ץȥЩصĳǾǱǨŭȴҲ̫صģǸŮ˶ĺĻ
Ǿ͹ֲ峤ˡ
ΪΪʳ
˶˽ġ
˭ҪúõĻȥڼ
ǸŮ˷Żɽûˡ
ɽ˵ƫƧûκεĻˣʱ棬ֻǸŮ˳ͳ˹ˣ
ҪǸŮϲŮ˵Ļô
Ȼûйʼ˼ѾͱŮ˰ͨ̥˹⣡ǸŮ˻ջҵĹƳ桭
һ׮׮һǲȴҲûƹҵĿˣ
ҪǸŮ˲ϲˣҲǺѲ˹ϵġ
ģĴҲӦܣǽڱ˵ϣ
ǸŮƣҲͲ̫Ǩŭˣ
ǸŮˣ
Ҳ
ʱ˿̣ѾǱҵ峤Ͽˣ
峤ҲɢŹ߳ϵļ򣺡ߣ²˳٣
ҪץжϽڼ֪һе֮ǰе׼á
򣬵żӱ˵Ŀ֪ɽջ֮˵ʲôûˣ
峤ɫ
߳峤ϵĻ֮Ҳǲɵô˸
ˡ
Ҫȥҵļһһ˿˿ѣҪǵҵļӱ˵Ŀ˵Ļǡ
붼ҪԾĴ˸
У
̫ˣ
ֱëȻ
峤ٶ˵߳ϱ˲Ŀ֪֪ĵˣǼʵһİǰǸŮ˸ҵ
Ǻùӳԣ
ʱ䣬ɽĴǸողģǵǸŮ˷ŻĻ˵ĽųٿҲ쵽ȥ
Ͼһ˻ǻźأ
һ߲Զ
ԡ
ھɽȥ׷ǸŮˣ֪֪ĽǸŮ˵ӻٶеҵĵǰȥѰңһǻ°빦ģ
ǣū
֪ĺ֪Ѹ٣һ˲κεĵʱ䡣
ˢˢˢ
һ˿ٵĴɽֱɽµСسǣ

һͷͺҹ·ۺȻͲ˵ˡ
ֻԼ嶼ҪԼˣһ˫Ÿ׵ĲУˮ棬һ¶۵˺ѷΣ
ŮеǼѡ
ֻʱҪӹŹһģԴпʼ⻳̥ʮ£ҲǸ¼ѡ
θڲã²ֹסӳء׮׮ĵģóصĴ
С㣬ūˮݽš
ĺɽɽʱ򣬱ûټ·ˣֱɽµСسѰһҿջסǻָɰ
Ҳá
˵˵㣬ȴǺֵõġ
ģҲˣڱ㲻ùˣҲȥϢŰɣݺ˽žȰˮ˯ʰˣ
ɽôõ·ҲͰˣΪ˸ʱ䣬һҹδۡ
ҲֻŮҲᱳʹİɣ
ۺġ
Ҳȷ۵Ľˡ
ʱ򣬲ôȰ˵ǶҪе֮󣬲ܻȥϢ죬˵ ֮󣬺ıûԥֱӵ˵ͷ
С㣬ū澱ȥϢˣ
ʲôҪĻٻū澹
ҲûкѣҲʱúúõϢˣյҪûа취·ǲĵˣ
Σĺֵܷģ
˵ŵǮޣҪһ·ƽĴѩ»صľڣѿɲС
һ·ϣʵڲУĵ涼׼ˣҩģȥæҩɽһЩҩ׬һ强ıˣ
á
ȥɡ
Ŀڣǽڴ齱ţ۾ŵˮʲôʱ͸Ҳ֪
һͷĺģϴûˣֱӻص˷Ϣ
˵ĶǳһµģܿǴƽȵĺȻ
յʱһȺڵҵӣȴѸٵĴɽֱӳɽµСس档

1720 ׷ˣ

ǵУŵģǸ֪֪󻭳񣡣
˻
Щˣǹץˣ
ϧڵͺĻһ֪˯ߵУûѹأ
Ҳ֪˾Σ᲻ŸոմӻûñѵУ
һαһεĴѣһαһεΣգ
ϸ룬ðɣ
ҪõĻôܻһ·ô
Ȳû£ǿһ·ϵı֪ˡ
Ǻò׻صˮ壬û˶ã㱻ƴǺֻץȥ˳Ļʹڳ ʹ棬ΪǿԼľǣ֮󣬻ΪԼǵþˣû뵽ȴǱ˵ֱӴƫƧСԺ
ʺġ
ڴɽôã߳ºˡ
һȵľû˯أҵ峤Ϻ߳ϱ̴ҵЩĻ׷ᣡ
˻
˵ǿ
ҪһΣڱҵ߳Ϻ峤ϸץĻҲ֪̬᲻
ϾҪǻˣ̬ͱˣ


һɫŽߵۣϵףŵĿ⿴ŵĶīƺͶī׽ܣĿģȴ仰δ˵
֮ڸǰĿ£·ֻʣ˶īƺͶī
ͨ
ͨ
ĪģīƺͶī׽˱עӵģĽţǲԾ˿ڿˮҲС
ʱһ·ŹĻʵ۷ͬһ㣬ƶˣīƺͶīԭΪԼѾ׼ˣ룬ʱѹƣԶԶĳǵģ
ǸɱԵǰҲҪѷɫһ
ϾϵѪɷ֮ǴӹƳɱϵģϵѪɷ֮ȫԼĳǸƣһıġ
ȫûпɱԡ
׵ֻδᣬ¹ŵĶīƺͶī׽Ҳҳ˫ڴ֮ڽţҲ֪;˶ãֻ׵ͻȻǺǵЦ
Ǻǡ
á
ã
µһţ
Ǵųˣ
侲ı֣޺⣡
ʹŵĿ⣬Ŀ¹ŵĶīƺͶī׽ܡ
ôҪͶߵ˲
ҵЩӺͳǲ㣬£ҪԼ·һƵҲǴڣ
ǡ
ȴǸƼң
ǰԼͶϵ˶Ȼܵġ
Ҫ߰£ûһֶκͱ£ǶȻɵġ
˵Ǿǣ߲
书ǸĻȱһеġ
īƺͶī׽֮ܳڣ׷ģ书Ȼǲڻ£ǸĻȻһ··ԼǰҲֶεģʣµΨһһ
Ǿˣ
ԼոչʩչѹܲסĻǽγ£
ˣҲûʲô̫ôġ
ԡ
ոյڹ򴽲ڹĿŶīƺͶī׽ܵģ
ԣ˳ĽǺģ
žžž
Ĵһ·֣һ·ŶīƺͶī׵ǰ ޺ǽ˵Ժ󣬱޵ߣеĻɣ
īƺͶīһ𾪵ûзӦ
˼
ǴӦˣ
Ҹ̫죡
īƺͶīӦ֮ǿϲˣ
̫ˣ
Ժ˰ĳˣҲõԼ᲻ԱůˣߣҰĵ˵ߣҪҲټ򵥲ˣ
лϣ
лϣ
īƺͶī׷Ӧ֮󣬵ǧл
Ǻǡ
ҲǱһ󣬰˰ʾߵ˽ǽܶ˴ȥȥдţڸӦ⹬浱
ǣ
ѸǰܿıǽīƺͶī׽ܸȥ
Ž˷ܼӰվߵĸĿڣϡ
˺ԾǵŵĵӣȴҲǱ֮ˣ
ǵҪ𣿡
üĽ˵仰ʱҲĪĵǡ
һûʲôġ
źͳŷǱѰĹϵ
Ҳ֪ⶫīƺͶī׽žҪʲôҪ ôóóȻȻǣڸԼҲʹ죿
򲻳ɵģ
ߣȻŵˣΪʲôͻȻͶ
ֺͽʲôֱ

1721 Ů˵ֱĿ£1

ǿԱһΣ˭ܱ֤ղ
Ͼͽǻġ
˵һξͻеڶΡ
˭˵׼飡
Ըûп֮ˣҲȻȥͽ
ڵĻϺòײĽɽյʱҪ龫ǵѹЩõзҪٷȥԸ
ƽ޹ʵĸԼ鷳
Ƶȴǲ޳ɵġ
Ȼ
뵽еĹһ㣬΢΢ţܿı㿪˵ް
ޱûдȥ
Ȼƶ׵ĵôܻ᲻֪
飬ҪƸȫͽġ
㿪ڣƵɴ۾ʲôҪһĿӣ˼ǡ
Űɡ
տš
˵ʱͻȻǹһĨаȵЦݣ˼ҲǱһС
ңǳ綼Ҫȥŵġ
ҡ
ǳ綼Ҫȥŵģ
ôڵ˾ͱ㵱ŴŵԿҲδɣ
ǸҰĵˡ
ƴǵĵĲûеġ
ΪĻʵۣȷĵһ
ҪģҪ̲ĹǸµţȻǳ綼нֵʱ
ȽӴͺӴûʲô޷Ǿǡ
ǰ˷һЩʳҲͰˣ
ȱôʳ
֪еĴ֮ǷҲǶ˼ּ˷ܣ
һб˼ӣЩΪο飬ǲܸĽҵܸǧţ
´ҴȥıӰǵЦһȥĿĿ飬Ҳ֪澿˼ʲô顣

޵֮ڣһӰΨΨŵŵվ˽䣬ĿЩĳķ˹ȥ
˭
ˢˢˢ
Ŀǳ⣬վڽӰҲŵֱӴӰгʡϡ
ǡ檡
ֵĿǰ˻ϣ
һźŰ˷Ƶòŭʧת˽üҲ֪û
ʲô飿
Ŀڣһʱۿеˮ㲻ԾҲ ʡ
ͻġ
Ҫ͸һ䣬檳
޵滨ꡣ
ֻеһ¥ŮӣϵͱЩ̣Ĳˡ
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ϧ
ȷᣬнʱҲ˵Ҫչ˺󡭡
Ϊ͵ϻʵߡ
Ը⡣
ϻʵȻ󣬵ȴǻӹܣҪǣ֥ȽϣҪ֮ǧѾģôܻԸĸԸźˡ
Ǣ䣬ţֻҪӦߣԸġ
̬ȴǲɡ
֮£ȴѾ¶˾ġ
Ըϻʵ۵ȥƻϻʵ۵ĻǾֻٻ
ʱ֪
νˮҲǱˡ
ϧ
ڣȴҲûˡ
ĶѾȥˣòġ
֮£ֻеʹЦϻʵ۵ߣȻȴɵ˼£Լ֮Ҳܲ²˼ġ
Ȼûа취߽ôվҪĵطаҲá

õʱ򣬻żԼһۣԼЦһЦ
ǡ
ԭһֻ϶޵ĵİתˮ˺
ѾɹõԼҪõĻλˡ
ԼҲӦûôİɣ
ۿеˮԽԽף·Ƕߵһ㣬˵⼸仰þȫ
Ӧǲɱİɣ
µİճ񶼺ǣӦ֪ģ°տеĻŮˡ
ֻΪҪԸˣ
ϻʵѾ˺ܾˣҪɱĻӦȥˣ֮Իڡ
Ӧôˡ
ڡ
ڵ˰ķϣ˰֮ɡ𣿡죬ԭҪ˵ԼôһֱķԸҵҵĺƭϻʵ۲ҵķϣԼ
ǻߣúǲˡ
оȻʱ򣬾Ѿͬ˵ô飬Լˣûаڵġ
ôţۿеˮһٶȵ
ĬĬĵͷȥֱ

1722 ޵߰ɣ1

ɴʱȴ޵ĵڵȴŵôƬ̵Ĺ򣬱ڼ尾жȹһ㡣
š
ȻҲûɱ佫ڹ𣬻ԸһȥҲãһɵ
ѾӵɽˣأǲԼ㱰ݵŮһʶɡ
˵ǺһֻһС飬ǶԼ˵ȴⱲӵľꡣ
ǲĻ֮׵ȴǻӻλŲȵһ·ڵķ˹
ȵĽŲֹסսľ
ЩãȻ̧ͷ˳˫ŽߵĽѥȥ۱ÿǷżӣȥ
ڵǽ壬ȴȻǵõΣյУҲһ
˴ıףɪɪĹڵϿܷŹһ֮ȷʵ˵ʲô
ȭԹѣҪǿѵ
ǸʱԼֻԾôһ·ˣû뵽ȴͻȻԼǰ
ҲԼĸǰӸµؿԼֻƬ̵Ĺн
ǸʱԼξС
ôͻȻһʲ֥ĹӹŢС
Ȼ˸ԼҪԼ˫޳ָʱȴǺԥѡֻӦ
ΰɣ
ôξҲǲԸ׵Ĵѹģ
ΣҲһӶξУһӶѹǰǧڵԼҲԥ
ֻôһۡ
Ӵ˱һӡôŬ֮ȥ
İôꡣ
ֻ֪ҪȻȥϻʵۣҲ֮¡
ȻγѣҲʱûͷˣ֪Լ䲻λλҲûԼ
ÿһκλʱλǰ飬ȴԶ
һ򲻴һųվǸŮˡ
ϲ˵ǰվֱġ
ȿʼҲвңǾǣԼĴڵģֻǸҰĵˣԼģҪǻλ
ֻ˻λҰİˣ
ǣأ㶮ˣ֮ӵڿԼ޷͸Լһ˰ɡ
Լûйκεϲ
ǰûУҲС
Լ˫۾ҲԼֻԼϲĶ޷֮ԭϲǸġ
ԲŻһϵе֡
ѾκεԸˣٱ΢Ļȥҹż尾
ȻһΣվԼǰǰǰ㻺޳ָֺܺÿǽڷ
ȻΪϰָЩļӣȴ˿Ӱ˫ֵС
ű˳٣ЩĴԭأĿĶ
ǡ^
ɡ
ͳЩɳƣ֮仺ĿڣȻֻ˵ô֡
ãȻˣ
ͬʱǰĮ֮Щ

ŽɵĴӵ˫ȴǹؾأ񵱳ʱϣĵͷǡ
ȴǰٿס֣ƺȴǰӲԾҲĪİԵ

ʶľҲǱĶһ
ϡ檡롭
ɫǺ죬оִٲѣǴҪðģ
ȴ仰Ϊ˵ǽŲɿ޵ȥֱĽŲҴҵظǿĸһ˱е޵֮ڡ
ǲ⣬ΪʲôǰǱһģ
Ҫʲô
ѵµһվҪ
ΪϨԹΪܸõİȵ⽭ɽվҪԼѪƽİ
Ҫ
Ҳá
Ҳһֽѡ
Ͼʵ̫ˣ˽ûС
ı˫۵ʱ򣬲ȴؽ齱ߡ
ˡ
Ժҵ߰ɣ
ٶȿڣ˫ȴٿ˫ۣ˫۾ܺÿŹ֮һܽأ˵ıŮӡ
ʱһ˫ӣȴմġ
ӨŨܵĽëϣűһҼĸо

1723 ޵߰ɣ2

ʯһ˫Ŀ䣬˵һ仰֮㻺Ľ⿪ѣһϵѱѾ⿪˴룬¶ѩļɫǺҪֺܾŭϣ
ϡ
ûҪ΢̷ߣūҲãԹ޻ڣǣµʱ뷨ϻʵô֮ȴǲйκԽ뷨ˡ
Ҫӡ
ǲҪվˡ
ȻĴȴǰԵܾ
޵ߡ
ôˡ
Ժ޻úõĴ㣬úõĲ㡣
ɳƣۿˮӿվٶȱ۾ʯڲ˷ʱȴٿת֡

ѩ
ããȻȻ۾ʱѾҹʱ֡
ڳģŨĺһīһ㣬Ļ
ò׵Ϣʱ䣬ȴǽкĺ˴ĵûˣҲǰ컹ɽʱĻӲ
۾ʱ򣬺Ҳպô˽
С㣬𣿡
ǲǾ˯һ֮
ĵ׼˷ˣϵЦҲǸȻū澿ǾûĶˣǰʱ򶼾Ҫɢˣ
ɽǼҪӼˡ
Ҫ߸·һҪ縺չΣˮѵĳ̶ԶԶǳ֮ǰڹΪŮˣǹѵϴŮӶûǰôࡣ
ǰˡ
ģһŰɡ
ЦӯӯģżĶ˹ķ˵ζʱֻԼӼꤵˣڻǶĿ죬ջʱùŵģ˯һ־öˡ
ĶİúһУ㵱ߣͬһţһ֮·ôƻ
С㣬ǵޣĶԽԽ·ҲԽԽǲ̫ʺѸٵĸ·ģټǴСԺͳʱҲû׼ٵӣҪôżĸ·ĻūӳԲ
ȻȻǾһ·ϷŲūȥһЩ׬㻨ǮǸ·ʱҲǳˣҲȺúõϢϢ
ı磬ʱȥ׼ţ׼֮ջĻģ˲õϢջĻ˵ˣرźܺõҩÿ궼һЩҩͯȥɽҩ꣬ūҪȥԣ
ҲܽŲҩĹܶʶһЩҩģϤһҩԡ
ô
˵Լļƻ֮бڴĿȴľ
˺ĵļƻ֮󣬰ûУǺͬȥɡ
׬֮⣬·ʲôҩģҲһŰɣδպĲʱ֮衣
˼ǵȫѾӦ˲ȥƹƳˣôҪúõƹƳĻƱҪſõҩĵģʱ˵ƹƳ棬һжֻǿջˣ
Ҳԣ
õС㣬ū澾͹ȥ
ĻϲԼҪҩĴ򽻵֮Щأ
˶ֺͼһЩҩĶں˵ҲʵģúȲҪȥ飡
֮ǰɽʱ򣬺ıϾֻǰ鼮ҽЩҩĵġ
ЩҩľʲôӣûۿҲû⿴Щնô׼ȷϤЩҩĺҩԵģ
ںˡ
ҪǵЩҲҩũҩȥҩĻ׬ӣʶôһܻ飡
ֻС㡣
ôŵģҲֹסĸ˵ģȻȴ뵽һʱֹסϵЦ⣬̶ʮֵǵĿС㣬ҪūǰȥЩҩһȥɽҩûиյĹǻزģԼһ𣿡
Ѿϰкڵӣºʲôʲô˵ֻվߣĪİġ
İĵطһ߱Ĺ򣬺ĵǵ浣İȫ
Լչ˲ԼҲӲ㣬һʲộʱֻΪô翵ӣɾǵòʧˣ
΢ü뵽Ҫ뿪ԼĹҲȷǷѣҪȻջסհɣ
׻ָ֮󣬱һȥأʱȥɽҩұصĿջ㣬Ҳֿ̫Զ
ڵǹõġ
һ֮վ᲻뿪ġ
ҲƻС
á
ǱջϢգպǱһȥ
˵ĻЩҩ̾Ҫ̶ˣ˱׷ˡ

1724 һֲõԤУ1

˳ƴԼϽΰù֮һµģ䵱ˣӣǸԻһѣͨ񸾵ģ̫ˣ
ͷԼϵĻ½
ɽ·ô죬糾ͣǽ壬ѵĶӾȴһܿġ
ǻᵱʲô˼ҵСѾͷʱ˸ϳͲˣΪ˱鷳Ƿ¶ҪСΪ
Ϊζ֮ǻģҲСʲô飬ҪСġ
ϾСʻ괬
ȻԲǣԼˣ
ʱɾͲˡ
Ŀ⸴ӵĴнӹķ۵ĿСίˡ
ⷢСĸ֮ǰģСôԹٻ󣬿ȴΨûûĴڡ
Ǻ崳˿ⷢҲʼմСͷϵģȷʵҪΪıⷢʵǿϧˡ
ĵҲ
Ҳˣ֪ڻôѣûиƱҲӦֱӴҵСԺһЩֵǮĶܳȥ
ȥǮҲС㱣ˣ
ǱȺĿĶˡ
ûϵģǮ֮Ҳ˰ɣ
ҪҪúõĻȥ
Ȼ
˶ûˣȥ˵ʲôﲻģҲûʲôˣ
ĺԵֵĻӲѹˣûԵֵĻǷȥѰµԵ˰ɣ
ﶼôˣҪ֪ԼķȻڹؼʱһĻҲǻ˵ģϾˣµĶʲôҪأ
Ǳסؼ顣
Сѧĵ
ˣʲôûˡ
ŲõԼһҪõĶ
ȥȥء
ôűٶ̲סڴߴٵ֪ΪʲôһֲõԤУܸоǲô򵥵ľǸˣ
һʲôΣǱǵߣ
ԼĶӣһߺͺ˵һϸϣǺصĵ˵ͷ
ǣС㣬ģūףū澴ֱӹȥСе飬Сõġ
ȻҲǶֶԭġ
һƬɽ涼µѪҵΪôһɽĹƳǺķ˲ٵͲɣȻȻɳȴһѻеĶˡ
Ҫҵ˿ǳ֮һ߳ŭô׵ķŹݻˣ
Ϊ˼һĳ֣Ӧ׼Լ·ȻĵùҵҵĻǵʱͼˣ
ɲٱ˿ˡ
Щûʲôĵҵˡ
Ҫ֪ԼĺӻѪĻװƽ͸Ҫˣ
˴Ҵҵù˷֮󣬺ıȻĴӿջгȥֱ˵̡
Һúĺ뿪ʱṵ̂ģ䵱ҲԼģҪǺĵİҺ̰ģߵСԺֵǮĶĻһọ̃ͻֱӱ̵ϰֵģ
ΪҵĶԼı־
ǵʲôطһ۾ͿǾҵĶ
Ϊ֣úĳһ˵ٶȺ˳Ƿѹ˲ٵļ۸񣬵ڻֲ»ǲѵģѡȽϷʴģ˿ûбжӰ÷ӷֻС߸ߵ¡
ҪٻϷʴ֮󣬱ǻںܶࡣ
⻹ǶСĽŸ˸ѶܸҵЩ°ֵİѱҵЩ˵ҪѰСĻƱǻиµģ
ļ򵥵Լ֮󣬱һ·ԼĶ͵»ص˿ջĿͷ
ں뿪֮ҵЩӣȻ˳ҵ˵̺ӣ
ûп⻭ϵŮˣ
߳ŭ壬ɱȻĽϰѹԼǰеĻ˵ǰϷϸĿţҪ˭ϳ⻭ϵŮģϷҵǻеŮˣϷȻؽлҪǱϷ֪ˣǵұǻеŮ˵ĻͲҪϷǲ
ڶҵĵӣɱڵ߳ϣǵʲôطǻὫЩҵҵرֵϰ͵Աŵòᡣ
ͨ
ǵϰ͵Աˢˢĳ߳Ϲȥ
Ҳƴ֣Ĺ뾭ƿҵеģЩСسǵ̣ҪȥҪõҵɣ˰ԭϣȻܾӪȥҪҵ˲ӦԼΪٺõҲҪƵƲԡ
Щ򲻸ҵЩϵǵǰģ

1725 һֲõԤУ2

Сǵûпŵ⻭ϵ˰
ҪǿˣСôҲ߼λأ
ϰ͵Աŵɪɪģ߳ϸ߸ߵľ֣޲ֱӽЩûõķˣ
Ҳø徻ˣ
аˡ
úõëѾͷӵù֪֪ȺūǵĿҲͰˣܵʱշŻɽ
ɽҲɽˣȻߵôѸ٣
һۼû
̫ôаˣ
Ҫ֪֪Ⱥūһҧл˺ӵģҵ߳϶Ҫʼ ɣͺŮǲ书ǿĸˣ
žͷ
߳ŭĳȥЩĵϰ͵ԱҲʵһãСǱסˣ
ȻûǸأ
Ǿҵ߳ϸմ̤ŵʱȴͻȻĲԾˣ
߳ϵ۽⣬ͻȻֳ˶ߡ
ȵȡ
ʲô߳Ŀ
߳ϻ֮һҲ˳߳ϵĿԶȥ
ֻڵ̵棬֮߳ǶԷһ׸ոձ˻ƾѡƾѻƾɻմ˲ٵĻҳǷƽʱȻȥġ
֪ôȻ߳ϵעǵ̵ϰ廹ǻ̿ȷʵҽӻġ
зЩϳ֣Ǻ
ҪǳӵſûзĲϳ֣ǲǵжߵɣ
ǼȻ߳ĿôʲôҪʲôȥһߵϰûκεġ
ֻԱ
˾ˣ
߳ĿĵĶһ棬ҵĵӷԸȥǾ;ʲô
Ǹõҵǰ
ǡ
ָɵҵĵӹǰȥһѵԱߣܿı㽫߳Ŀŵһõ߳ϵǰ
߳϶ˡ
߳صĿһѣȻƾɣĻأȴܿǲϵĽ֮ǵϺõӣǼ㲻ңҲĸǧżҵСܴģ
ǿģֻѾӣƾɡ
ȻūΪ
˼ҵū澲һһ£˼ҵūŵĵطҲ޷Ǻլ
úõĴںլʲô·ôأ
ΨһĿܾǡ
߳ʲôҪһͻȻǳһ֪
֪
ֻ֪ϻ̳ϿֵشȺ˳һ··ǰ߳ϣūڣ
㿴·Ǽģ
߳ڡ
ǡ
߳Եȣūȥһ£
֪֮Ҳǵǰϸعۿ֪ϱ޾ĿϲУҲǸЩ߳ϵĻ
ǸŮߵŮģ
ū׼ģ
ū澶Ȼǲϴģ
棿߳Ϻ֪ȷϣ
ŵģ
֪еֻǿ϶ū澶·̣Ȼǲϴģ
֪Ǻĺֹӡ̣ӦǺ֮ǲǣ
ˣҪԼˣ
ܲӡأ
ԣ߳ϵɫԵĻ˼֣֪Ͽ϶ı飬ҲǰѰͺҵĵӳһѾͷ
ϷΪʲôͨݵصıأ
ԭҲ𣡡
߳ϵʧתʼˬʵЦţ
Ϸץˣ
ۼ߳ϸոջЦŵģһĹ߳ϵЦݱ㾡ȥתݣĿǷŵĵϰ͵Աϣ˵ûмϷҪҵˣ
Ϸǲǣ
߳ϵٶȷѣòһĵԱ͵ϰٶȽش˵ĻС˵ǲ֪
еǹȷûǵ
ϰϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ԼҪ˵Ļϱǲ߳ɫĲԾתڲСȴһ飬֮ǰѵĹС˵ĵѣҲı㶪СˣֻΪǹʱЩǱСһʱ֮û
Сϸˣ
Ǹȷ
ϰѾĸʺٱˣ
Ҳ֪Ǹĵʲôݣʲô飬ô͵ҵȺɷǣԼҲǣ
ɲǿЦС鰡
һԼҪŴȥˣ
СһӶڵأ
߳гź⣬˲书ѾָǵϰĲ

1726 һֲõԤУ3

Ϸһλᣬ˵
ǸѾͷȥˣ߳ûˣ
ķңСѾͷҲͰˣȻѰĳ
Ѿˡ
Ҫ峤Լ߳Ͷֱɱ̵ϰˣűĥĥķ
ǵϰɫѿҲǴżֿǻˣ
ˣѾͷȷǵͨĿ˰
Сô֪ȥأ
ϰ࣬û˵
СسȻǷ
ÿȴǲģҪÿ˶ȥģʲôݶҪŪĻҲˣ
ߣ˼ֻ·ģԼûбҪ˼Ҳ黧ڰ
˭Լĵˣ
ģ
˵ϰ㿪ڣ߳ϵɫվǰѳֲסˣеĳǰ춯˼ֱ֣ӴǵϰĿڴ
ĥĥ߶߶Ҳ֪浽ʲô
ǲϷ̫ʴˣ
Żһ˵һ䡣
úܣ
ꡪ
Ѫ˲ǵϰĿڴӿء
߳ϱ΢䣬ȴ֪Сŵʧ
߳
߳
߳ҧĿ׺ݵĿʣµСϷûʲôˣٸһλᣬҪǻǲ˵Ļͺϰһ³
Ҳȥϰɣ
Ѿ֪ͺǸѾͷѾСسˣô̵ϰСԸ˵ѾͷȥˣԼҲҵġ
ܹЩˣ
Сһ˵ģסĳ߳ģ߳
߳
Ȼ
СĵʱͻȻ뵽һЩһ߳ϣһȣ
һȣ
С˺ͻȻǹײͬѣһǺܿģӦӦһ˰ɣ
ҰŵٶȣŸո˰ʱ䲻Ҳİģˡ
ȻȥĿջأ
Ŀջֻʣ˳Ǳҵ߳ϻδüѲˣ
С⻰˵˺Ƿϻһ㣡
߳ۼѾɱһϰˣʺСسɱ䡣
˷ʱ䣬ü֪˶ȻҲҪģ
ʲôãҵЩӵɱȨʱ˿ûаڶԴͨİյʱȴǺܿ
ͨİʲôˡ飬϶ǹȥģ
Ұǰ֮Զ˻λΪ϶Դ̫ʧġ
֮ЩҵˣҪһҵףҲҪĵģ
߳ĿĿСһۣͳһƱСǰȥǼƹĺúõİᣡ
չ˺ƹˣôô˵װɣ
ôô˵Ȼǲñ֪ƹǱҵ˸ɱˣӦ˵򲡹
֪ˣ
֪ˣ
С֪ģ
߳ϷģСһὫã
Сʮֹ߳˦뿪ߣ
ߣ
СƵƱ˲̱ڵϣֻԼոպڹŹһ磬
߳ŭ壬˵̵֮Ŀֱ˳ǱҿĿջ
ҿջ˷
˭ʲôĽڣʱ䶼
һΣƻѾͷǲӬϷҲȻҪǸץйϷͷ֮ޣ߳ϻ˴뱲ӣûܵʲôۺʹͷһԸͷ
ңһԸͷԵôݣ
߳ϵ̣
߳һ£ЩҵӱѸٵǰˢˢĳҿջΧȥգ۵Ĺ򣬱ֱӶסеĳ·ջÿ͸ΪͻȻıʶŪĻ̻̣
ô£
ʲô鰡
Ǿǰ
ôúõľͰҪߵ·أ
Ҫʲô°ɣ
ǻ
ϻ˭
ǿҵӽջΧˮйͨʱ򣬿ջЩÿǱǱŵɫеľʧ޲뿪Σյĵط
Ŵ󵨵ģǲҵЩͻȻס·ڣҪȥԣ
ʲôˣ
ƾʲôҪǣ
ÿүүھҪȥ
һλıδ̧ȱҪȥڿҵЩӵʱҲĲģ
Ǳδ󺺵Ŀģ֪һЩȭģȻֱӺЩҵĵ࿹⡣

1727 һֲõԤУ4

ٸķҲͰˣǰЩŵķͲǹٷҲ֪ǴĶĵӣҪţֱӷסҿջκ˳
Ҫʲô
ƾʲô
ͬƽգƾʲôЩҵĵӾظˣ
ҪٸʻһȨ
˾۸˲ɣ
ɪɪŮٺЩҵĵֱӶԼ֣˶ļɵҺĽҲͰˡ
δ󺺲Ҫſջʱ뿪Щҵĵô죿
ͲţԼҪջѵ飿
ȻǱδſջȥʱͻȻһֱǱδ󺺵ǰ
ˢˢˢ
ֻǲֱֺӽǱδ󺺵˲
˻
ۿһϵбʵڶİÿǲɵü״һȻҪĨ˲ǣǿҲǾõսľ
ǵڵľԼĲһ
ǱδҲ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ҵЩǾȻôѸ٣
ѾЩˣ
տʼδ֮޿֣ΪԼҲǶһЩ书ģڼԼǿǵ涯ҲԿġ
ǿԸһá
û뵽ո߳ϳֵ ʱǰѸ٣Ҫǵ˫ԽĻԼĿԺС
߳ϱݣ˴㵵ʱ򣬻Ǳδ󺺵ǰ
ȥ
ֻ߳ǱƵ³ôֻȥĪҪ˵ڶ顣
ȥ
߳˵仰
˵Ŀ㶼߳Ϻδ󺺵ϡ
δͬЩҵĵӺĻô߳ϱ㲻δΪѣֱӽδ󺺸ߣҲûʲôܵ顣
ΪҪҵĲǺĺŮ˰ˣջҪ߱ߣǲġ
ϾҼѵɱ޹
ջ̫̫ͨˣҪǶɱˣôɾͱ
ʱ׷𣬿ǲѷɫûܿסһɽĹƳ档
ʱ뷢߳Ͽɾûл·ˣ߳Щ˵ӣҲǸϧԼģԲԼ鷳
û뵽δ󺺾Ȼۣҵô˵Ȩ
ôǲΪģΪ˺ҵźϣ߳ҲǶȻܽδųȥġ
ҪǾͽδ󺺸ųȥôԺ߳к㣿
к㣿
ȥҪ˸Цˣ
õ߳ϣȻᱻһɽҰçס
ʲôӣ
߳϶ʱֵģ
Ǹδ󺺵ҲΪѡ
ԼոյĻ˵ôջҲڿԼҪֻ߳Ǿô򵥵вԼһ仰Լ͹ԹԵġ
ôպʲôˣ
ͻȻѵĽôѡôǱһϹҲס
δȻݱ΢߳
ǴͬˣͬҪƤģԼ֮ǰʹˣѡǿгͷδ󺺺ΪѣȴҪǿһϣ˵ʲôá
Ҫţҳȥ
δִٶȵĿڡ
ȻѾû˷֮߳ϵ㽣Ŭš
δ󺺵Ǳϣģϣǰ߳Լ͵˼ԼϽš
Ҳ˫ִģܱȫ˫档
ǲ뼴δҪõģȻ߳ȴһס
ֻ߳Ŀ䣬гڡ
ˢˢˢ
ֻּ̧µĹ򣬷ŻԼǰǸδ󺺱˲䱻Ĩ˲
ѪӿһأǸδ֮ǰǵɴ˫ۣƺûܴ𾪵зӳǱһصˤڵϡ
䡪
Ǳδˤڵϵһ˲Ū˲С죬Ǽ˳ֺ֣صôڿջ˵һ㣬ЩҲǸëȻ
ЩŭҵĵӣԽǶ˼ֿ־ġ
Ǽ˶˼Ķǲǰ֮̽ԻջΪϢ˵˽ҿջסջĳ·ΪֻҪ˰ˡ
޹ˣǲ㶯˺ֻҪλúõĴջ棬ǵѲ顣
Ѳ֮󣬱ԷŴɹȥᵢ̫ʱ䡣
Ҳعֵľš
߳ɷµôڣǲʵĸһͣŵĽѹջŻŲڶÿ͵顣

1728 һֲõԤУ5

ϷͬǶ˵һϻ
úõĴջУϷжôϷԲɱκһ޹İա
ҪִⲻϵĻôϷΪǺǵһģΪҶڻǣĻͲҪϷǲˡ
ɷµǿнһ߳ϱָԼĿʼвſջЩˡ
ջЩ޹İձԽĻ̿һϻС
Ǹδ󺺵ǰ֮˭Щ书ǿ࿹أ
˭Լ뱣סСúõĻأ¿ջЩвᣬջסŵ˶Щ˵ҪʲôҷԼĲ
ֻţֵ̿Ŀϵ߳ϣһ߳ϾҵԼǰʱԼ³ҲͬǸδһû˵ֱӺˡ
߳ϵĿЩҵĵӡ
ȥһһ䰤̲顣
κһ˴ջȫԼķվá
ȥǸץʱ򣬾ûôõˡ
Ŵ洫ʱ򣬽ͷЩҲԾˡ
˳̽¥µǷʲô顣
Ǳδ󺺵νɱÿջе˿Ŷսľκε顣
߳ϵŭ֮Щ˸ǵܴĵһ¥վã֮ڱռ˲ٵˡ
֪߳ŻЩһһϸļ飬¥ĿͷھǻиոûüѵˣҲǱҵĵǰѸĸץ˳Ͳκ׼Ļᡣ
߳ȻĵһԵĵϢĿ⿴ЩҵĵӿʼѲ顣
ڸոջѵĺĺҲĶ
ֻͻȻһֺܲõԤϮͷ˽˽ŵ״̬
ĵץ֣Сȱżū澰ȥ濴ʲô
ȴغãū澹ūûпڽĻȳ֪𣿡
ɫҰף֮ǽŵĲС
ԣصĵͷӦģҪСģʲôǧҪֱӳײ
𣿡
ĵ
ͬģҲǵźģºһһʲô˺Լ飬ʱ򼴱ΪĵΪþȣҲǲֵġ
֪СİɣūǺϧģ򲻵ѵʱǶȻ˺Լġ
ū澻źСһӳȥȻúõ̷С㣬Сһչ˾ҪСССү
ЦЦųŵ
ıԥش򿪷ţ˳ȥ
ںĴ򿪷֮󣬺Ľ¥´Ҳ˸һ
֮ĵϱŨŨĵǣҲǸſһɫѿηͿ¡
Ǳδ󺺵ʬҵڴ֮ڣд֮Щսľÿһɪɪ
Ϊ׵߳ϴôҵǽջΧˮйͨ
ûаĺܵغ
ˣˣһˣǺӵĳġ
ĵ浣ǵĲУһſҰ׵ɫ͹
֮ǿԼץصڣ˵ڿջȻһҪЩ˻ûѵԼڵʱһӦԵİ취ȻСҪˡ
С㲻ˣȻЩҵĵˣ¥ѰӦþѰ˵ġ
ûþֳ̣Ȼʲô춯ص飬Żҵĵ˴ĵѰǣ
ʱҪʷʲôĻǲò£ýֺͷ룬Ҳ֪ǺѲϵһˡ
ЩŭģǲʬҲ䲻ʲôרĺôˡ
취Ͻӳȥǡ
ԲǵУ¥߲õģҪʱ˳ȥ
Ͷˣ¥µĻѲһȦĿǴԱߣĵͻȻ⣬ڽ˵С˳Ŵߡ
ȻջĶ¥ǿŶ¥ʹµľ벢Զ书ҪŶ¥ȥҲŰ취ġ
ֻΪҪһЩˣҪ׼õĻǳɹҲģϾԶһ̨ס
ֻҪǸ̨ϱǿסȫˡ
һȥñһ˳
ڵ½Ϳˣʲôȫ
ǲں˵Щ֮ȴǼҡҡͷ
ɡ

1729 һֲõԤУ6

¿ջۼôҵĵӣ϶ǽջš
ҪǶջ棬ҿܻһ˿ĻᣬǾôððʧʧ˳ȥĻ
ֱӾͻᱻЩҵĵиץ˸ŵģʱǷǻø졣
Ŀڡ
ĵǲûеģЩҵĵӲȳˣǶ书ģ¥ʲôֵĶǺӵùǵķۣǵעûԼϡ
ôһɵˣͶײ˼ǹˣЩҵĵӲԼλöˡ
ǡ
˲߾͵Ļ
Ŀ֮ԥС㣬Ҫø
߻ĿܣҪǾôֱֱĴڷ棬ȴЩҵĵһһѹ֮ǰŵıֻ·һˡ
ǷѾŸոմӻҪǾôֱ˰װ׵ɥ˵ǲĵġ
ܺúõĻŵĻ˭أ
ֱˣȴһֱԼŬˣӸϧԼˡ
㷴Ӧ;ĵҲãȻ
СһģһĻᶼԥѡȥԡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôһΣĽԼߵʱ
СȻܾ˺ĵҪôС浽ʲô飿ĲĿĿ
С㻹ǲҪԼȥѽȻְ취ȷЩðյģǻĻʵġ
ٶȰ˵Ҳֻʵڵġ
ӴȥʱһСı˺ĺӡ
浣ҲеģٶȰ˵ūѾϸˣ⵽̨еľ벢Զūȥڵ½㣬ȻҲֻҪܰȫĵ̨֮ϣܺúõˡ
ٿź㼱еģʱȴ쳣򶨣ĿҲ˸⣬֪澿ıʲôãںĽѵʱ
һǵȷҪȴܾôֱ˵ڷӦһİ취
ʱΣյĵطȫĵط
Щҵĵӣ书ǿ
ʱѾջΧˮйͨʱԼͺ˴Ӵ˳ȥ棬ǿò˶ãֱӱЩӸץסǺͶûʲôֱ𣬶Ҫĸɴࡣ
ҪٴӴȥһ˲ԲԼûܳɹǸջ̨ϣֻûվȶˤôԼҪ˸еĺӣ
ķʵ̫ˣ治ġ
ѡ񣬲߾ʵʵĴڷУ뵽İ취Ļᡣ
˵ĹѾӦԵİ취
չⷿ䵱вɵѲһ顣
Ŀݵĺõط
ͻȻһĨϲɫϲĿźġ
ģھҵһǵط
㿪Щҵĵ׷
һȦ֮Ҳǵ֮뿪Ȼȥ
ܶࡣ
²˵Լ뷨֮󣬺ĵȴǼϲ
ĲûҪڷ䵱УЩҵӵ׷ͲգҪӴȥôΣյˣЩҵĵӱǹѲ˵ġ
Ҳ˭˵ʲôݡ
ⷿĿռ£ôı£ҲȻܷݵؽԼĸ
Щҵĵûа취ҵ
ôһ·
ֻҵһطȥ
ʣµ㽻ɡ
˺ĵԥ͵ģϵļ̬ȴ˿ûתģҿĺġ
ںĽŽɵ֮£شԼչȡֻƳ档
ֽԼûѷЩƳǰֻЩƳ澹صѵǰңѸ
ֻ˲ĹЩԭɿѱվ˵ǰ
ԣվû
ĶһΪ𾪲ģǸŵһδҲ̫˰ɡ
С㣬Сô쵽ѽ
˵ʱƺԼеĲһֺܸӵĸ飬𾪣ְϲͲ˼顣
ۼЩƳľѣĺΪһӰǵķ䡣
ǾԶģǶȻֱ治⾿ĻˣֻǱƳ·
δҲ̫˰ɣ
ҪۿͲģ¾ǴĺҲȻţƳȻú͹Чġ
ϴЦ⣬һĿԼĳɹͽ
һЩ͵ȵ۷ˣ㲻ʲô£ʱҲЩƳ컯ˡ

1730 һֲõԤУ7

ƽ֮ұβݹƳ档
ںģһûд˽ĵģǺĺͺķԼ֪ܡ
ɽ潫ЩƳʱıǵųɽ֮󣬱๻һЩҩźúõĽЩƳ澫ĵţЧԻڸǿơϧûа취£Щҵĵ׷ôҲûиϢĻᣬ㲻òЩƳ·װɻ˵ģˣߵʱ䡣
ϧôϺõĹƳѽװ׵˷ˡ
˵ʱ̲סп
ͻȻЩƳ֮ǰɽʱȡˣӦһЩҲͲˡ
ǻϣ𣿡
ĿǹƳѣüЦſźġ
Ŵϲĵͷϣϣ
СǶıҲ㲻õˡ
׼𣿡
ȷ˽İ취֮źģʾ⺣ĸϽ׼˵ĻǾҪʼˡ
ؿڵȴźĵĻش
׼ˣС㿪ʼɡ
Ļش
ָЩƳӴȥʱ򣬻ⶪȥĶǹƳƣͺһ֮󣬲˷еĹ棬סСĽĶ
һСģĵطЩҵĵӸˣôһеĶͳı㶼޲ˡ
Ȼ
ǹƳŶӴϵûӵùڵЩҵĳϺ͵ǵĶ䡣
߳ϣʲô
ҵǰ߳ϵǰ㱨
߳ɫأλĺǳڶĵӡ
ǻڵʲô
ϽǰȥʲôǲǸŻɽ飬±ץס˽ˣ
ǣ
Щҵĵӷ֮Ҵҵ뿪̽߳Ҳڴ֮вסֻ΢һ֮󣬱ѸٵĴһ˵ȣ˲ĳߵķ˹ȥ
ֻܵٶȼ죬书ǿˣǹƳǣȴ̵ӡ˵ģ֪ܵӰЩس߳ϴ󺰡
߳ϣ֮ǰλС׼ģǸܵǸ
ū澾Բϴ
֪ɢŹŵҲǿԵ˵ˣ
Ūô©˲˵Żɽ
ô飬Ҳͺ˵Ļ֪ԼĺǶôң
Ҫ߳Ϻԥĸˣ
񿴼ܵˣıƶǾˣ
ƾٸߵ书پ˼ҲǾԲܺô˽Ӯģ
ֻбץķݶ
ץˣԼҲܼһЩǿԱסˣ
֪˳ȥֻѪҺڣ˵ʲôҪǸץ
ǻʲô
׷ȥ
һΣ˵ʲôǸС˸ˣ
ץǣҲ͵ɣ
ǣ
Щĵǻһ𣬼̶óʮֵԼڵѸ͵ĳ·ŵķ˳ȥ
߳ϵɫЩѿǵҲûֱ׷˳ȥ˲ԭŵĿջ㰲
ЩҵĵߵѸ٣¥ԭЩҵסʳͺÿҲǷ׷׵ֻʵӴܣ
ԭ̿ŵСջ֮Ǳ˸졣
ûЩŵҵĵӵĶ¥ϵĺĺԵһ
С㣡
죡
ҲҪ׼ˣ
ȻЩҵĵǷӦعǾˣٵĴߴţԼ֮󣬱ֵһ潫
ߵѸ١
ջЩԭҵĵвʳͺÿ˲˳ȥ
ͺҲ˵þȣȻĴȺҵʱӿջ˳ȥ
ͷҲأܿıʧǿջķΧ֮ڡ
߳ϴŭĳ׷ŹȥʱûһǽǹƳѸ׷ˡ
ߣ
Сˣ
㵹ܰ
ǱϷ׷˰ɣ
ЩƳٶȼ죬ѡƷʤĳӣһôѪģپֵһ£츳ڳˣ
ҵЩҲû׷ϣ
ڡ
ȻЩۡ
վǱЩҵǺ߳ϸץˣ
ͣԭصĹƳ͹Ƴѣ߳Ҳû룬ֻѾľе粽ܲˣԲվŲģ
Ͻתʵĸӻȥ򣬵ӹȥץסʱûôˣ

1731 һֲõԤУ8

߳ЩϢȣڴڵĴŴ֮󣬱Ѻǳ⣬˭֪֪ԼѾ׷ˣȴڸģǽ߳ϵĺǳĻ֮Ժ޶á
ǽ߳ŭʢˣ

ǸҪ
߳ϾԼܵ˼裬Ů˵ԼƤӵ·ôص֮󣬾ȻԼš
ǸȴҪˣ
£αװ߳ҲԸˣ
ʹҵĵӶˣֱԼְ̧γĳֱֱĳڵķ˹ȥ
ꡪ
˲Ǳ̳أ̱ڵϡ
žžણ
ƳžĴ˳զࡣ
ֻ߳΢΢һŷӦܵѸٵģͲˣһѹƳʱ߳ϵɫҪѿˣ
ģ
ǸŮ˾Ȼַɽƭǡ
߳ϵɫѾѿһĳ̶ˡ
Ⱳӻôʱ䣬һֱ˳˳ˮģôŵҲһĵλģû뵽ȻһһŮУôλǸû书Ůޡ
Կ
ԺҵЩӵǰ㣿
ԼҲÿ
ˢˢˢ
ˢˢˢ
߳Ϻԥͳŵ佣ֱӽѸƬڵϣǳĹƳҲǱ߳ϸɱ
ģ
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Ͻȥջ
ҪٴǸŮˣǾͲöŻˡ
߳ϿҪըˣ
Ե̫ˣ
Աǵɽ֮ƣƳ潫һ˸ƭ׷ĽҰ⣬ͺǳûõĻᡣǼЩҵĵӸϻȥҲ޼µġ
ȴǵֻпյĿջûһԭء
ҵӣ߳涼֪顣
ǣˣ߳ҲҪǳЩҵĵǣһԹǵܡ
ҲˣôҵĵӣѵûһϸĵģܷĲԾȻƯĽǸͺĸץ
߳ˣЩҵĵӾ͸һ
ûã
ûã
ǡ
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Щҵĵ˲ûֲ̿ʢŭе߳ϣǺ߳ͻȻŭЩӵϣ߳ϵ֮󡭡
֪ڻȥջû˵ģɶѸ٣
˿ԥ
ȺҵĵߵѸ٣߳ϵɫԵĺÿЩͬʱ߳ϵı˼ζտʼʱȷǶ֪еǸŮЩˡ
ǲǸеŮˡ
Ϊ֪֪ôһЩūǵ֮ԷŻΪռȻŴûзʱ˺֣Ϊɣ˷Żɽ֪֪Щ˰ɣ
ھʹһֵɽ֮֮߳ϵҲҶˣİ취ȱ㲻һͨˡ
ߣǹƳ沢ʲô򵥵ĶҺܶҵĵӶ֪ʹá
Ǹźۼ۶Ů˾ȻᶮÿƹƳ棬ùƳѼװӰģ߿˵ע⣡
еɽ֮ʵõĸ
Ҳѹ߳Ϻҵĵһʱ֮ûпһ
ʶƳģ
ǶʹùƳģ
ô˲˸ζ߳ϵͻȻЩףΪʲôǸŮݲʱӻҵƫԺˣ
Ϊĺģ
ҲΪ֪ƣ
ΪʲôǸŮϿ϶ʲôĪܵģΪһǣǶƵġ
ĺģǲġ
ֻΪƵһ㶼ܽķ˳ȥģ
߳ϵҲ˲ף֮ԷŻɽʲôΪмǺޱ֪ɣǳɽЩƳȥģ
Ҫֻǳ֪֪ģƾٿعƳı£ֱӶ֪֪Ķ־ˣɱ׾ٵ飡
ǸûУǶɽַŻ
ô֤ܺ߳һûдˣ
ԭˣ
ԭ˰
ǸȻǶùƳģ
߳ϵʱ޵ĸпǶµĶλ
źͼҵҪȥʩչģǹƳΪؼĵ̺͵ǽһƵŮ˸˳ȥǴںԵϣôĺԶ

1732 һֲõԤУ9

˵ʲôܾôķǸ
һΣɲǸԼʧϴô򵥣ҪΪҵļƻˣ
Щҵĵ߳ϵķԸ֮󣬵Ƭ̵ĵ飬ƴĳǿջ˹ȥϧȴǺ߳Ԥϵǰһ
ջ˵ҺСڣܵ˺֮ܲ⣬ЩÿѾһӵӣڲ֪ˣҪ˵ȥҵͺˡ
ͨÿҲǿӰˡ
߳Ͻĸ˹ſջɫˡ
ģ
Сˣ
ϷǲܻϷ߳ݣ
ϷͲΪˣ
žžž
߳ϵݺݵһԵӡ
Ǹոջúõ˲ͱ㻯˷ĩ
ĿջϰСսľæĹڵϣ
߳ʦĵӡ
ĵҪ˵ĻǲҲˣ
ʲôѽ
ջϰСȴҿޣ߳ôһ֮ǵҪɣպܳʱ䶼᲻»صĵפˡ
ټЩܵÿͺʳǸûнˣջϰһ¿ҪѪܶˡ
ջϰֻ۲ѡ
ʲô
ôͻԵ޹ʵĵҵЩӺͳǣŪĿջʧô࣬ӶҪˣ
߳ϿɪɪСͿջϰ壬ȴҲΣ˼ûΰԼˣԼˣ߳Ը壬ȴҲǲ˺޹ʱ򷴵ǻᱻ𱸵ģ
ˣ
߳ϲٺͿջЩִˣ
һεĴͺģ֮£ֻ߳ôŵǰȥĵطʼѲ飬ǻѸĴۣ߳˵ʲôҲҪͺС˸ץ
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ϵǳȴδΪ˳ɹѶеԽǲͣ
ҵĳϺ͵ǻع»صջ֮󣬱ᷢϵƭˡ
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ϵıᶨ˵ʱüǱҪǲ˽СسǸ֮ǰһߡ
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˵ʱЩ絽ס
һΪҳϺҵ̫Уû뵽ôһи׳нû뵽ǶùģᶮÿƹƳ棬ùƳ·۷һʱ⣬űЩƳƳ·ߣ˻ᡣ
ǵڶα򲻻ôõˣ˲ͬһطΡ
仹ҵЩ˴ϻ۵ĳϺ͵ӣ
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ε£ʵЩ֪ǶùġЩ֪Ƕù׷ӵ
˵ʲôҲ᲻ݵģҪץȥˡ
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Ҫǲ¶ԼƳ棬ùƳæĻǲҲѷˣ
ڼѵ£ûôѡأֻһһˣ
Ҳǳĵط
ܱҵЩץȥˣ
Բᣡ
ԼҲѾǽ壬ԻȥϵȥԼҪ飬ȥԼҪĳ𣬵Ǹеĺȴ۵ģ˵ʲôҲҪеĺƽУ

1733 Щ·ûϣ1

·ǶĺӺӦҲΪĶЩЩͺĵĸ·Ҳȷżˣ
ȻСʹɫҲǸŲҰ
ȴǲ׵ľ֮ͣǰԼһж׷ˣ
ǣ
С㣬ūף
ھһ̶õ飬Һū֮ǰǰȥ̽Ǹҩ̣ǰȥĸۡҲ֪·ģū˳С·뿪һЩѰĵӣ
֪еĹǣصĴ˼֮ϵıҲ߰ɣС㡣
СһЩ
ɫ԰ףǿŵ˵ͷϺǰŵ֣źһٶȳɽ·
ǻѰĳңͺȻغ£ֻҪĶСسڣҵЩǰѰǵû֮ҲͻԼ뿪ˡ
һΣͺ˲ͬƴֵҵˣĹ뾭ңǵоûʲôǲܵģûʲôġ
ôһСسǣȻȫŲҲֻգ۵Ĺ
Ҫ˶õʱ䣬Ǹ߳ϱǰȥȣʱҵӹ֮Ҳûзˡ
ֻгҵЩ֧ԮĵûôѸٵĹôĹͺĲ뿪
ΨһĻᣡ
á
ͺĽŲɿ죬˿а̵ĵ顣
ҲȥٶȵҲܿ죬һ·˳СܿıСسǣأҲ̫±ҵע⵽ˡ
ջС
ٶĵĳŴһȦȷҵĵû漰أԵİ
С㣬Ǿĵط
ĵã󲻹ǿȵĸ·ֻһЩϢָܻ֮ȴǲһģӣ·ݴˣ·Ҳ˳飡
ǲ԰׵ɫĵǵǣЩġ
ˡ
Լûʲô󰭵ġ
ڶ
ȥҲﲻʲô޷ǾǸҿһЩҩŷȥץһЩ̥Ҫˣ
Щҽ
붼йоصģеиûʲôëҪȥϵĻЩҲǻһЩ̥ҩģΪ׬Ǯ
ǵȷЩˣҲʵǲ붯ˣ
ںĵĲ֮»˴ϣǵǵĺģŬڴһĨ΢ЦοˣҲǶҽġ
ԼСëܽõġ
Уҩֶ֪ԼûбҪ£ܲҩ㲻ҩԸеĺӵӰҲá
ҲˣʲôڿջúõϢϢɣ
˵ŻƤ㽥ļ״ҲֻԥƬ֮ͷá
ū澾ڣʲôֱӻū澣ū澱̹
ȷѾȻ˯֮ĵ˳˷䡣
µӣһǰȣֶڿջãȷЩĵû׷֮˲ԵķģɫҲǺת࣡
е̥ȹ̣ûܵκεӰ죬
ӳˣҲûв˵İȫˣ
ͺǱ˳˻һ㣬ε˴ϣҲǷԷθôһп
ʵ̫ˡ
һ·ϾûЪ
ܵĴۺĥҲһ޷ĵģǶ֪ģǾǰŶټѣŻȵ һ
ֵ˸˵ǣǳ׵Ļָˡ
ԺɽˮҪȥľȥģҪʲôʲôҲˡ
ҵĵȻǿֱ鲼Ĺãã˺Ҫ׵ҵŶصˣҲô򵥵飬µıҪʱʹԼĹǿ
ټϺһ԰Լƽ˺֮¾¹˭ֻһأ
ȻĺƽˣСسѰ߳ϵıȴԽԽѿ
ģ
ȻСһٶߣ
ǶǸʲôԵģ
ȥñ˸ЦҰܣ
߳Լץͺˣֻܽ˵ϣԴйԼķŭͲ
Щ߳ѵҵӰ춼ҷ
Ѿϰ㱻߳Ǩŭûа취߳Ҳͺˣ鲻ãЩ˿򲻸ʱ۾ȥ߳ϵģ
˭ΪǸùĳͲ
ǣҵĵԽ㲻Խ߳ϵƷŭ
ͺĲ޸֮ŮӰˣҶǲ书ģһеŮӡ

1734 Щ·ûϣ2

ǻƽʱֻҪضüˣֱӽǸܻסˣڵãǶôôƣϧȴһ񡣲
ûץˣͺŮ˸˦һͨգŮ˾ͺ˼һ׵伣
аˣ
аˣ
߳ϵɫʮֵѿӳڻͷһܵĴ
ҪŮҪֶôƻҼƻ飬ҲҪǸץģȻСسȥ·ͨ˴
ҪźܶĻᣬҵĲٴٶ࣬ȴҲܱ鲼ĹĹе޾ϸĸѲһ飬ǽȻһͬĳˡ
ǲֻǼͬ⣬ĹҲҪǸ 
ʱ򷴵ǴݾߣĹоˣ
ҪǾô˸ߣϵҲǺܲʹģӲ
ڼǰأ
߳ɫߵЩҵǴСģֲ̿̽ŵĿڡ
߳ϡǿǷҪ׷ȥ
˵ʹ˷أ
֪ҵ߳޵ŭЩҵĵȴǲòǰ
ѾСسǻ̫ˣȴһ񣬱ǲ룬֪ͺŮڶȻѾ뿪Сسˡ
ȥҲã
߳ǳϣҵĵλߣʲô鶼κ˵κε飬ȴǲһģ
˶Լıְ
ҪΪ߳ϵ̫õʱĻҲǻᱻĳġ
ЩҵĵӱǺ⡭
롭
ž
ҵĵǰǧѯʵʱ߳һƣҲû룬ֱӾ͸Ǹҵĵһơ
Ǹǰѯʵҵӵˤڵϡ
ҵĵӵ˲䱻ȵȴǲִ֮ڵϣ߳
С˲ǹģ
߳ϼǴмôҪǾôȥȻĹȥ𣿣
ѰȥܾжѣŮ˾жôƻ׷ߣҲؽ׷ù
Ǽͷɣ
߳ŭģ˵仰֮˲ͷҲصˣôҵĵ𾪺Σ˵ף߳ҲֻǻѵЩӰˣֵԼֵʱԼҲʲô֪
Ļô׵ıǸŮùƳֽţȻƭȥأ
Լûо裬ʱ壬ûץˣǽƸϣʵƽ
Ǹ߳ϵںǳĵӣ޵ίˣ
ϧЩҵĵҲֻô²۰ˣʵϾǲ߳ϵǰֳģԲСֱ߳ӶԼ֣ûˣǿɻأ
Щҵĵֻ֮ж߳ϵĲ˼žζ֣ܽЩ˸ƽɹץ
˵ףҲǹ֪֪澣
Щݱ΢ҵ߳ϵĺǳʱȷǲ˵ϻģǶ֪֪ŮЩҵĵӻǺӲģ
ž
Ǳ˵ҵĵ߳뿪֮˲ӵݺݵ֪֪ĵϣ
ȸո߳ϴĸݣ࣡
Сˣ
ŮôС¶ãҪǸˣ
ˣ
֪֪ĿЩŭ忴ԼҵǣֻǾ󷢺޾ĺ¡
ԡ
Բ𣡡
ū֪ˣ

һڿջдյĹ򣬺ĺȷûκε׷׷ǳ׵ķ
ҩ̲ժҩҲҪʼˡ
ѵıˡ
С㣬ջкúõ̥ūȥժҩ֮ū澱
ū澲μӱȥҪȡҩʱĳ㹻ʮĳԴöˣū澻֮һ·
֣صؽԼõӽǰȻڵΣգԲᱻҵЩӸץס
ϾϾ־̡
ҪúõȥҪӲУյĴջ棬ղյȷǰȫʱ˵Ļ䵱ĸķõѾʣĲˡ
ƳŲڴյʱ䣬֮˶Ҫӣ
ҪѰµĹ׬ǮǼ˲زϻȥ
ĵݹЩպã֣صĵ˵ͷ
֪ˣ㲻õңһúõչ˺Լġ
ʱճ裬µұ㲻ȥ߶Сȥ㾡ȥСȥ졣

1735 Щ·ûϣ3

һ棬ҪȥҩɽϲҩӦǸעⰲȫǣĪҪʲôί
С
һ٣̶ЩصĴӻͳһСϻӡ
Ҹ׼һСֵĹܳǵٶȱĬ֮Ҫڱ˵С
֪𣿡
ϵı֣أһ֪һְȫҲǶԼϣĹ֮еİգ˽Զѧϰ˹ôǻҲûʲô̫Ҫˡ
ϾϡΪ󣬾ǱҲˡ
˵ʱĿ˸ž⣺У׼õĹƳ档
ĵ˱ҪʱƳ
ǼնġһŮӹһҪϣϺܺõĻȥȻ㲻ʲôǣòƶСɽ棬ϾҲǸ̳ˡ
ǻʹū澣ķƶ˼ҲҪģһ˹ȥժҩģᱻ˶ϣʱһ˶ԺͼĻ
ûУ
ʱƳˡ
˭ֻҪǷӣȻ书ٸߣĻٳأȴһֻССĹƳҪΪԵ˹Ƴ൱˱ķ
ߵʱҲ̫ˡ
϶Сİɡ
ĺ֣صУҽ˵һһĬĬļס
ȥɣһС¡
Ҳٶ˵ʱ䣬ߴźģȥأ㡣
ǡ
С㣬ūˣ
ȷһе飬ٴθ֮ת뿪Ŀջ
Ҳû˷ʱ䣬ڿջȴĻʱҲʣЩƳʱʱóҺĹƳա
Ҫ֪ЩƳ֮ǰЩƳ澿Ǵʲô쳣
żȻЩƳ浱Щ˷ġ
ôĹƳ涨ȻųƳĹƳŵͳǾԲӲ磬ȷѪˡ
Լҵе쳣ĻҶĹо͸ĽǲǵʱԼĹҲ֮ߺܶࣿ
ʱһһĹȥеʱ䶼ûһֵ˷ѡ
ϵıԽأҲûеԼĽŲܿıǰԼȥҩסĸָۡҩһȥҪժҩģӵҲǳʵ
ǿ߳ϡ
ڶҪը˰ɣ
κξܸ˸׳죬ǿͺĵټģ
аˣ
аˣ
ѵͰͷ벻𣿡
߳쳣꣬޲ýˤĶˤˣ˵Ķˣ޲ý֪֪˸ˣ
ء߳ϵĻ
ū澡ūǡ
֪֪ͨһڵϣֲ̿Ŀ߳ϣ߳ϵʣҲǲ˵ˣ
߳Ѱͺ޹ʱ棬֪֪ļūǵҲùЩҵĵ߳ǾķйЩʧūǵϣǵϱ׶ģܶʱ˸žˣһһòҵģ
֪Ĺ߳ϵǰū˺þöûū澳˸
֪ڵϣֻ֮ͻȻէһ㣬ŵĹڵϣ߳Ͽ߳ϵĻ
ū澺ͻȻһ飡
ӽŮ˴ƫԺʱ˵ǴӳĻʹģ
ԡ
ǿ֮Ҳȥȥɣ
ܵ˺ܲ
ͺܴǵƤӵɻأվǻصԼļȥЩ˼ĿĵѰңͽ޹Ļ硭
ֱӻȥã
֪ٶȼϣ
֪߳Ļ֮ϵıȴδɻ⣬ǻĴλǲ˼Ŀ֪˵ʲô
ǴӳĻʹ˸ģ
֪ѹصĵ˵ͷǡ
ūǲǴģ
ֻ߳ϵɫ΢΢˱䣬˶ãȻ֪Ϊʲôֵ߳ʱϾȻҲ˺ͿģҲûаΪץͺĵĻеˡ
ʱҵ߳飬ȴ⡭
ԭ滹ϣĺӿģùƳҲ̵ģΪʲôŻɽ
ΪǼǺһ뾭ѵǿнǹ˻û˼ڹǼǺԲҪġ
ڡ

1736 Щ·ûϣ4

֪֪ľȻ˵ŮӳĻʹˣ
ʹˣʲôݣ
ǻ׹ݣǱǳϵˣ
ܳһʱ䶼˻ȨĶУĳûʲôѽõģ˶֪һ飡
ôƴǵݣƴǵˣ
ѵ
߳˲Ŀ𾪣һֲõԤУѵǸŵĺӣƴǵģ
ôɾˣ
ҵЩס˺Ŀ߳ϣȴ߳ϵľϣ˭Ҳʱǰŵ߳ߣǸոձһƳĵڵϵĵһûиأ
ǴѪģǿ

ֻ˵Ŀ߳ϵϣ߳ȴȫȻûκεĸоһԼĳ˼С
Ƭ̹
߳Ϻͨһ㣬漴ߵЩҵĵӿ˵ܵǲҵĵǰȥ̽
ǻʹλϺλﵽʲôϵ
֮Ī޾ϸһ㱨ϡ
ǡ
Щҵĵ߳ϵ֮󣬺ܿıѸ£߳ҲκεͣЪԭת˼Ȧ֮Ѹٵĳס˹ȥ
Ѿչصûа취һϵĵزˣ
Ҫȥ峤Ϻúõһ£֪պ·ȥߣ
˲֮Ǳǰ


ºϹҴҵĴһ·гۣı߾
ݿɿϢʱֻƴѾɹĵѾдվȻס¡
ǲձ»Ӵʽӭ빬С
ȳҪһЩӦٶȱƴǺֻܶġ
Ѿô죬ʱҲºӦüӿһЩų̣ܸƴǺֻ빬֮ǰۡ
Ȼһе鶼Ѱˡ
ҡҡλΡ
Ļʹһ·ʱµϱһֱǳǰüͷģȻҲΪϹǸв鹢ڻ
Ȼ˵ˣҪԼҪһеԼϣҪϹΪԼһٶıвȣĵʱµҲǱܼ尾ġ
ͬġ
ϹҲǲ̫ܡ
Ǹصʵ̫ˣ
˵ġ
仰˵һ㶼ûдȻǾĸӣϹµľˣͬģʱ޿̲ڴݲºϹ棬˴һˮȵļ尾У޷׵뵽İ취
ǰ£Ϲ֣ס˫ϸ۰ϣ£ģȼ°ɣ
ڻδƴǺͻ
ϹҲһҰοˣ
ڻδƴǺֻҲ㲻öֻƴʲôһʱһʱ䣬ҲͻҵõƬ̵İԵлһЩ
ļƴǺֻ֮µͷΪԼɣ
Ҳεˣ
µ˵ͷȴ˼ţȥ
С
ڻʹĺӣӦȥ
£ºϹҲٶԣ˳ĬУ֪Ժʲô飬ġ
һ·ϣֻϵʯͷġ
һֱҹڣŻͣǰϹµǰ˹֣ϣʺѾı߾ˡ
ʹŽӴǣϺͻʺ³
ºϹü˼˼໥һۣε̾һ֮󣬱Яִ
ĻǶ㲻
Ҫ̫ˣ
һнҰɣ
ʱͻȻסϹ֣ԥĿҲ쳣ļᶨѾ˾һ㣬ǾȻ
ҹɫ̫ס˵ߣϹûп˵ʱϵľģֻڰοԼ˵ͷҲǣ̫ˣ
á
ϹŵǣܲǸʱʱ̶̿Լ߰ɣ
ĵĽҩˣȻƭǸ˵Ѿɹ˶ǲǿõ˽ҩˣ
Ϲ˸µĴȴ Ѿָ̬ݺЦĿǰӭʹ
μϣʺ
Żʺոϲȴδڹֱҳҳʵ۵ǻ֣ҳʵۺͰձȻģ
ʹ첽ǰϹµǰ£֣ºϹԼĻӭ֮飡
Ĺ֮ȻԶǶڻʺ黹ϢͨģҲҪٶ

1737 Щ·ûϣ5

λ۳Ͷ٣Ȼ࣬Ϻͻʺίһϣվţգ¹ٱϺͻʺ빬磡
ڴ֮ǰ¹Ѿ˽վˣϺͻʺֱסɣ
ǰӭӵʹǹ̸ֹ֮˵ĻºϹĴ
ϹȻڣް
޺ͻʺȥɡ
ǡʹָºϹ
ϹȴȻͣס˽Ųˣ̫ϻʺ̫빬
ʹ֪ϹѯԼףϵı΢ЦųϹ˹֣ػϵĻδ
վ֮סϾʱȥ̫ϻʺ̫ˣ
˭֪ͳĻϹϵϵ׺ĻʺﱻĻΪãͷ˿ȥ׵ģϹҪѰƴǺֻҲ֮е飡
˭֪Ϲʹǰ㱨˵ƴǺֻվ棬δ빬ʱûа㼴۵ĸˣԽ
á
֪ˡ
Ϲüۼı΢΢Щʧ䣬ǽЩǰӭӵʹЩãȻģЩʹҲδ˵ĬĬĸϹµ
ԭվΪϹ˵ĵ
ȴվƴǺֻҲ˶׷׵Ϲڵķ˹
ƴǣ㿴ǲºͰˣ
ֻƳŴ棬ƴ΢ЦŵѯʣƴȻҲǺǸˣһȿ̫ϱ仯ϣҲǱ΢ڵ˫ֳЦ⣺ǡ
Ҫȥһ𣿡
ƴǻصֻĴߣĽֻӴϷһζ꣬껹ϹһݵʱǶʱ·ǰ
û뵽ԴƴǶ˻λ³֮˫ҲûкúõĻȻǲգſĵ⽣ӰǸϹ޺ƴֻһӣȻǽܶпġ
ϹƴҲŲͬĸ顣
Σʱʦѣܲɷֵһ壬ƴǵҲҪϹϹûĳɳ
ǰʱ䰢ĻʺһλӣǵȷҪúõĺͰһϲˣ
ƴǵȣȴЦġ
ҪǴǰ˵˭ҵ˭˭ϱӣǰװֵĶӣƴǻṧϲԷģҲʵʵĻԷˣȴһڸƴǣʰ
ʵ̫ˣ
Ϊʲô˶кӣԼĺӣԼȴΪôָ꣬־ε˼ĥ˵ģ
仹ǡ
ǽӶԼӵģԼ׽ˣôһһıȽϣǸƴǾįˡ
ںˣ
ֻҲӵˣӣƴǵҲаζֻǻǸ˸˰ˣ
ҷ
£Ŵϵֻ΢΢˶֮ƴǱȵֻĴߣÿһ¶Сģǰŵģֻ̲סЦ˳͡
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ƴǰģֻ̲סҪЦó̫ϻʣǸݣӢľǣôĺū
С
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ֻƴҲһͷʣҾžˣ
ƴǺֻ˵˵ЦЦǶܿ죬û˶ñǴˣӴºϹڵķ˹ȥ
ʱƴǺֻʱϹһ˲÷䣬ʰԼ񣬼ƴǺֻͻȻԼߵʱϹ΢΢һĪ͸ж
ǿʵ̫õʱûм˰
ϹƴǷͬһӣֻĪĺۿ
ƴҪ뿪ԼʱϹǧĲᣬǺǾִٺͺ£ԼĻϣΥƴǵԼκΡ
Լɷչ˲¡
ƴԼߵĻôϹʲôǾĪĵġ
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Ϲ֪ƴǵҲź֮־ΪԼһʱ֮ųȥ赲ƴΣ֮£ֻܷƴԶȥ
¼档
ˣŮ˼ǰԸж˵ĺۣᣬ˺ֵ֮飬ȴ׺Ĳ׵ı

Ϲۿ΢ģƴȵͳڡ

1738 ûʧ1

ƴǰϤı飬˵ʱǾͶ֮¶ĶһϹĪϤͻ
ϹһȦܻʰδ뿪ĹǣվǽҪ˵ŵǧȥۿе⣬Цŵƴǵͷ񣺡ƴǡ
ƴǰϹļֿһԴӷл£Ҳмָпһζδ
ĺܺá
ûʧ
ƴǺϹӰ룬һô꣬ȻҲǶϹÿÿ仰Ҫʵ˼Ȼģ֪ϹڵһżҪһԼǻΪʵ۵Щ棬Ϊô
òá
ڰȻĻˣжǴһңĻʵ޹˼ɵڳ̫ϻʵǰѯʣʵ۵ôĻ⴫ȥЦ
һĻʵۣΪȻҪűĹҵ̫ϻʵɫ
ĲֻϹһ˵ģǴ
Ϲֱʳ
ԡ
ЩϹûʳڣƴǻֱ˵Ľششˡ
ܺá
ϹʱƴǵҲϹԸЩŵѶϡ
ΪһɢүĻôƱһŵĺүҲǳúͻϵĶ֮ΪϵĻǲǻЩǿѣ
ȶϹ˵ϳ³ȥô෱˵ѾŵԸֻ᲻ڴóʱЩĴ붯С
Ȼʵ֤ƴǵĵȷʵǶġ
Ϲûĵ鷢
ϹĹ֮ϣܿıָĳ֮Ҳû̫ࡣ
һ
֤ƴǸ˵Ļ
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ͬϹûƴʧûйദʱƴǶϹϸĽ̵
㲻档
ƴȻһֱڱĬĬĸϹģȴҲʲô鶼ϹıϹųֳɵġ
һĽ̵ϹϹһĳһϸλߵ
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Ƿ񰲺ã
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ϹʣƴǱĴ΢΢һĨȣЦŵĻش𣺡һжá
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ãֻҲǰΪˡ
ฮеչ˲˵龫ǵĳı˺Ϲõһ׮£Ҳ˵ˣ
ʵ˵ʵֻ¸Ǹж͸м
ΪҪȥѰƴǵĽŲڲܳµĴڼУԼĸ߾Тô꣬һֱ´ڸฮճչ׵ة࣬ة߾Т
ʵ˵ŮĻܹҪǿԼŮġ
Ѿո꣬ݵӣֻ̲סۣ֮ʱ˳ةӡ
ò׳ˣةҲ˶µΣϧֲ±һԶʹˡ
ʺôġ
仹֣ûǿƵĸڱģŵģ˵˵л˶ûУŵģҲֻʣϹôһˣ
²ǿűϷˣʵ򱳵Ҳ޾ļ
á
¶ĶˣϹȷǸֵһһиĺѡҲΪ°ɽˮ뿪еˣһ˼ʹˣ
ǲŸո˺𣿡
ôûкúõĴڻʹӣǸŰйء
ֻǹػ
Ϊ֮Ǽµģû뵽¾Ȼˣ

1739 ûʧ2

ֻеµӣǽֻģЩԭǲģӾ֮ѾöˣֲմڻʹУ÷ƣŸŰһˡ
ο֪ܵ»ʵǻ֮һܼǾͻϲĸŹˡ
ôɻã
ͽ֮ס
µҲǶֻУôʺ֮λҲǽĥԽһʺˡ
壬ׯ˵ֺص£ֻο
¿ֻʱĿȴǵǵģôһֱǷǵУûиʱ򣬻иš
ǰʱƴǸԵ޹ʵı㽫λø˳Ƹ衣
Ȼƴʲôû˵ǣҲףȻǳʲô˲õĴµģƴǶȻĽλһδɵĳСӡ
ƴǲôεˣ
¹ڻʹų쳣ǸľսֺοֻУеļҲǷһĵġ
ϧԼȴݵƣĹȥֻֻվԼǰµǵҲԿԷˡ
Һܺãõҡ
ֻĿѹĿԼߣʲô¶ϲԼãҲǹΪһ֮ĸֻ࣬ҲǴĵ˵ġ
ˣ£һϲҪ˵ġ
ֻµ֣ƱҪ½úõ졣
ǽҲþöûмˡ
ʵ¹һ˼޸ϹȻûи׽˵ˡ
ͬģֻҲǺ²࣬ûкȥ
ڹܺ˵Ҳ֮١
֮ǰһֱһ񣬲֪ʲôʱҪֻŪǷǣֻҪ˼ڷϡ
˶δطһ㣬Ҫ˵ĻҪһʱ䣬úõദ̸̸֮ķô˼֮顣
¿ֻʱϻϲҲǺֻһҪɵ뷨ģ㽫ֻʱȴͻȻɫ̶»ֽŸǱ
ֻµ쳣ĵɴ۾Ŀ£ôˣ
Ǿ岻𣿡
ΪʲôͻȻ֮ôֻлɻ󣬸ǵǣոԼ˵ʱ»Цӯӯģ˫ֻȺֻƺܴµϸܵ¶ȡ
ֻôգ۵ĹµȴĴӸմӱгһ㡣
µɫҲǱˡ
ͻȻת䣬ֲֻ
ֻĹУƴǺϹҲǽĿµϡ
Ϲŵǰ޵ǣôˣ
Ǿ岻𣿡
Ǿۣ
Ϲ֪ǱǸص˸ι˶ҩģԵƬ̵Ĳʻ岻ϹúŵӵĲһ㣬صĴ
ǲҰ׵ɫϹп˵
ǲ룬ȴǰץסϹ֣ƴسϹʹɫʾϹҪ̫żˣȴǿװ򶨵İοƴǺֻ
㣬ҿΪո֮廹δָ¾Ĳʣ㲻ܺˣҪϢһ£𣿡
µͣԣֻ˵˵ͷ
ǲȻѰɣһ··ôãӦ岻ģ
վûе̫ҽ޷˼ӣ㿴壬Ҳõ顣
ֻûж룬ֻºúõİѰǲǵʱʲôϾⲻĹŴ棬ӱڹŹһˡ
ҪٲԼСĽŵĻǽأܵҲࡣ
ºܵʲô̼һ㣬æشֻнԼÿˣԼЩģεĳֻЦЦֻЦȴɲ԰ˡ
Բ㣬û£ֻϵëˣɫĲ
հɣһţǰǸ𣿡µſǻɫģʵǽֻһ
ֻ촽΢ţѯһµǳʲô飬ͻȻ֮˸һ޴ķƴȴٿֻ֣סˣǶסֻҪ˵Ļ
ƴĿ⺬ЦĿϹ£ȻˣǱȲˣ
˵Ҳȷǣλͻˣλһ··ˣȻǾ۳Ͷ٣ϢϢģ
Ǳпɡ
£ƴǱֱӽֻϹµǰˣ

1740 Ŷߵģ

ƴΪʲôҪѽ
µ鷢
Ϊʲôʾֱأ
ֻܿı㱻ƴصԼķ֮ڣֻҲɻؿƴǣԼæʳ˿ڡ
ֻǿƴǸոյΪ֪ƴΪʲôҪô
ΪʲôҪ˵µǷʲô飿
ƴǲδŻشֻĻǻ𲽵һԣȷû˵ʱ򣬽ͷŹغãŵֻǰֻͬ˵Ż
ºĽãʲôѵĿԻΪѵʱ򣬶Ȼǻ˵ġ
ͻȻ仯ô֣ȴϺ˵ԭֻǴߴЩ뿪ȻԼĵΪ֮ˡ
ǿ׷Ҳʲʲôܻš
ֻʱƴֻϱأȴֻһһͺͻش
ңƴǿֻģƴǵͳڣİο
İɣűҪʱ±ὫԼĹ˼һһ֪ò˶õʱ䣬Լ֪Ϊʲô»ͻȻЩ仯ԥԥ̫׽ˡ
ƴǵ˼ʲôʱܱ侲
ѸٵضͻȻ鱣͹ۺ׼ȷĿ
ûв͸ǽκ£ֻҪˣôһб֪
hЩƴţò˶õʱ˼ס
ֻҪ鲻Ǽȥ׷¡ҪĵȴԹۺЧ
Ȱ˵ֻʱƴϵıʮأȻµͻȻ仯Ҳϡ
ҲǾúֵġ
ո˫ʱǺܸ˵ġ
ֻôҲϷſҪֻú׽ġ
˭ֻ֪˵Ҫ½úõʱȴͻȻþʧ
ƴǵüĽԺȴڻŷʱһ飬˵һеĻ
ڷµһ仯κζûӵùƴǵ۾ֻв֣ƴҲǷµĶߵġ
˵һ䲻ֵĻֻǸոµķӦ֡
ϹķӦҲǳƴǵ֪ƴǵĸ߶Ȼɣֱƴǡ
Ϲ֮һǷʲôҪ飬Ǽʮء
ȴΪŲѵĿԣ޷ֱӸԼͻ
һҪСĹ۲ΪԲСĵĻںľ
ƴǽֻ֣ȱ̫ġ
̫õʱ䣬֪ºͰʲô飬ܰһᾡİ
ʲô飬ʱġ
ƴǵȰ˵ʱֻֻܵ˵ͷĵȴƴȰ˵ȫģµǷԴſǻĿشʹֻģֻ
һǳ˺ص飬Ȼ񲻻ǰĹ¶
ʵֻ滹¸˽⡣
ֻǿʵȴǼǿġ
ѡ飬ǰǧգҲǻþȫȥġ
ǸոǰģʵлɣֻƴǴþòܳߣҲ˵Ļ
ͬģºϹ棬ҲδϢϵıøӽŲ
ƴǺֻߺϹǰŽգЩʰūҲǲɢȥ
ʱбֻʣºϹˡ
Ϲ첽ǰµǰϸļµ壬еʳڡ
£Ǿ岻𣿡
Ǹ˸õҩ裬ʲôطܵ𣿡
ϹֻԼĺҪɤһ㡣
ƴǺֻ
Ϲ˼ɣֱʳڣȴǵµĵĲУƴǺֻʱ뿪ϹҲûй˼ɣԳ׵ĽԼ˳
ȴҡҡͷæסϹ¼֣˵û£ϳ쳣ǡ
µɫѿ˼㣬˵ʱ£ԥԥ
ϹԽżˣ£ǼȻϵ⣬ʲô飿
ΪոջͻȻɫǰСأ
Ҫ˵ƴǺֻڸոµķӦ֣ģϹµɷڼµַӦʱҲǸµķ·ɤһ㣬µʲô쳣
ֻڵĶطˣ
ԭºϹв飬ǿԺƴǻֱֻ̹Ȼ˵Ȼ˫ѡһΪ׵İ취һȥġ

1741 Ǹ겻ɢ

ö֪£ƭŷµĶҩҲǿֻһͬѰҽİ취ģֻϾҽ߳Ǹة࣬ƴǵĽĽҲҩ֡
ҽ߳˷һоҽڵĶܹǿ뵽İ취ģ
Ҳǵȱǰˣ
ȴؼʱ˵Լ岻
岻ֻΪƴǺֻ֪
Ҳ൱ڱסϹ
ûϹԼܵ˵ֻҽƴ
ôȻ˼ɵġ
ϹвΪż
Ϲ׷֮£վǿ˷ԼĿ־壬ڣЩĿϹ
֪ڽҪŵʱҿ˭𣿡
ɫҰף֮ȴǾģ
Ϲɻҡҡͷһʱ֮û뵽Ļ˭ʶʳڣ˭
仰ʳ֮ϹҲűɫ
ɫ׵ɴ˫ϹҲǸһſڣѲǸˣ
Ϲ𺳵֮£صĵ˵ͷ
ԣ
ڸղţҿͻȻҵǰˡ
½Լ˵Ϲʱ ûпҲΪ̫־˻þֱֱسҵǰеū͵ģüЦĿңǾ档
ҲŲýţҶԽ˵һˡ
˵ŷԼŵʱ۾ֺ֣£ǴĵɢģǷݿ־ͨϹϡ
ǸȻӰȥٵĳ̶ȣºϹ
Ǹ˸еؽºϹΪԼĿ֮£ºϹҲûйԹԵİҪȥʲô˼ĻôǸ˵ľ֮ҲǲԶġ
ǲԹϣôʲôĺҲ޷Ԥϵġ
ڵĶҩ߶ɥϹںܵʲôˣ
ֻҪһԼеǸӻĻʹȫ֪᲻ᱻвʱ򣬱ĪĿֻǶǸڶһĪĿ־塣
̫޴ˣ
ȻվȿصĵطҲټ
ô»ʲôطȥģ
С
Ϊɵģ˵˼
Ȼ˵ĳ̶ȣ
׼ºǹһľô׵ĹԹԵģһҪе鶼ֻ֪Ǵļƻ
ԣվºֻʱ򣬾ҪѶĪԼҪ飡
ڵԽһͷǾǣǸ˿ԼбȥԸֻƴǡ
ֻǸ˲ԼȥԸҪǽ˻ɱ
ͷһԽԽǿңϯµģ»Ҳŷ
˲ѳֲסشۿϹҲǱĪĿ
˵ǵʲô
ΪʲôǸ˻һֱ׷ǲţ
ΪʲôҪ˵вǣ
µſǻǱֳͿ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪҪأһֱѹֵ·һ˲䳹׵ıҲһ˲䳹׵Ĵݻĵһȱñ
ǸˣƵĿµԺлص֮ȥһѷذµġ
˵ǳõѹֿƣòܺõͷŵĻѹһӣһ˻ᷢйҪȳ˸ӱʹ֣
ʲôûҲûеΪʲôǲϷŹأ
ȻЩʱΪ׷ϹҪ˵ͷ֮ȴǿסԼ
ûΪֻֻ֣ûкˣʣһֻй֮⣬ûκ캦顣
ǳΪϹĻʺҲһֱر֡
ŬϹĻʺ󣬰ٳź󹬣ûаӰ쵽ϹǰҲûΪʶȥѹ󹬵ЩŮԴеˣ¸ǱԼĿݴȡ
ǷҲݺݵǣܿˡ㾡ĿˡκһίҲûнκһ˲֮ԩ
ʣ㲻ϹǧĻʺ󣬵ǱЩĻʺӦٮٮˡ
ǣΪʲô䵽³

1742 Ϊʲôûñ

Ϊʲô뵽ѵľأ
˵кñ
ûʲô˺飬ΪʲôбӦӦϣǱӦǸճĺӵϡ
һжΪʲô
һ˲䣬վǳܲôѹ˲佫еıƱҲΪոĸ׸ոմ»δ׻ָãҲЩ
£Ϲĺһۣؽ±ڻС
Ϲʵذο£££ޡ
鲻Ĺ
ûʲôûҲãҲá
ûܺúõѡûܺúõչ˺㣬ڲŻᷢ飬дҲҵĴûаϵġ
ҪⱨӦҲӦӦ
£ģһúõıģһúõıģ
Ϲֺγѹأ
ҲҪºúõĹӵģû׵ĵκˡ
ǻ֮ҲһֱسΪϵı֣
Ҳķ˭ĵۺˣȴƫƫҪ뵽ǷеС
Ī˵ȺǱȥԼԸ顣
Ǹ˻޷첻ĳǵߣǣ
ŵ̬ȣ˾ڸҪĻǱҪǸ˵ȻĻǱҪһһΪƴǺֻᡣ
Ϲ˵֮󣬱Խֹס˿ıϹ
˾ڸո̤ڣվķ棬ѳֲסʹһµſָ
ʹ֮Ҳµüᶨ񷽲ˡ
ȷǱǸͻȻָĸֲڲŻϵķ߱Ǹ˹ƣ뵽ĪĿֻ֮в԰Ρ
õй֮ϹһֱԼ߶Լ΢ĹػֻԼ˺ܶˣҲû֮ǰǸܵѹ֣Ѿ˾
ⲻǵĴҲǽͽĴҪĻҲǸ˵Ĵ
ҪҲӦǸȥǽҡ
ᶨ˵ʱЩҧгݣǴмô仰ġ
źǱ˸˵£ϹĵȴδΪ٣ԽĵϹʼսµ֣˵ʲôɿ
£ǻǵɽˮĵطһЩ鶼ϣģ벻ȥ˺Լ顣
֪𣿡
Ϲ㵣ǵĿԼصЦˣ԰׵ϻ¶Цݡ
·Ϲ֣شİɰ
ǻиճĺأ˵ʲô벻һԼġ
İɣ
˵֣أڸϹΪԼģҲڰοԼ

һҹƺ֮ǰеǰ㰲ȣԽ˾ѹ
ڶ峿
ϹƣĴԼķгƴǺֻҲϴá
˫ĪĬһ㣬ԼͬĽıʸû¶һ㣬ԳŸԴк
㡣ٶݺЦĿֻ
ֻеǰĵʵ¡
𣿡
вĵط
µһĨ쳣ǺܿģǻָϽĸöˡ
ֻʱµĲ廹δȫ̫̫ļҪˣûкúõ̫ҽҪڹִĸŰ
Ǿͺá
ֻµɫǺ˺ܶģŵҲԵķƴ˵ǶԵġ
֮ĹϵȻǲ˵ġ
ȻСʱĴٵģǺô֮Ѿ׿еĸңȻãȴʤá
ҪµʲôΣգΪѵĵطһǻԼ˵ġ
´ܻ䣬ûкԼ˵ôһԼΪ֮ˣ
ȻΪѣֻͲӦҲŴʩչѹһͬʩѹﲻ½飬¸ľѹǺ¡
ֻڣֻܿԼϸģȥµΪ֮ʲôֻߡ
ֻҪܴԼĴԼԸƲ˵Լ

1743 ڼˣ1

߰ɣ
ôõʱ䣬Ҳʱʽȥݼ»ˣ
ֻƴǱϹҪվڵģֻΪϼҼ飬ֻƴЩ飬ټƴֻ֪ոУ̫ۣԳʱ磬վס˼Щʱա
ĹеȨʹȻ½½ĵվ棬ҲʱóȥʹǸе»ʵˡ
ʵƴǵǸ»ʵʹź棬һֱλʵԺգֻǿϧƴһֱûлܺúõȥһõ룬ҲһĻˡ
ƴҲ뿴Ǹǲտ˵ǰ㣬ֶУǸȴžԵıºȨ֮λ
ã߰ɡֻ飬Ҳͬĵ˵ͷϹƴǸǴŸԵĻʺ˸ԵĽӣһ·ֱӵĻʹ档
뵽ʹʱƴǺֻ˲ŷ֣Ҫӷٲʢ
⼸֮Ѿսʢ
ǰĹʵΪǿƵģҪƴڵĳǿˡ
ƴҲǸͼεĺûʵۣվв⣬³ʵֻûоĩ
ľĩҲδ֪
ȴǳͳսҷУıѾԼĹߵһĵΣӦԶԶͳҵʵˡ
һ·ĻʹķѵЩĽ̾Ϊֹ
ĶҲͨĵƻ𣬶ȭͷǰҹ顣
ֻ¿ʱ򣬲ɵþȵĳȻ˵ĲƴֵҹĶ
ҹȻ㲻һżֵǣǼܲסʹ˶طҪȭͷһҹĻҪһСģҲۺ
ϾѰĹңǲҹ鵱
˲𣬱װĵյҪһЩˡ
ʹ棬ºֻ̾Ϊֹģȴֻǹһҹ顣
洦ɼָװΰһ¶ЩСԨԴҼֵƵġ
Ǹб¡
ֲ֮λ
ҲֲȨʱ򣬶û㿴͡
ѰҪǷ˸ĳȨ飬ĸǴѪɺӣ
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ǿá
ֵʱֻǾ˽ǵ̷ЩйǣֻǰȻ˯һŷǱģѪֶκٶȣѾͽԼˡ
λ벻λǻ벻ǻǲһʽˡ
֪»ʾΪʲôôֵַ꣬ĻʵЧңȴͻȻ䣬жȻʲô޷׿̽ܡ
ӦһҪλá
һֱ֪Ļһֱڱ״̬֪ʲôʱΣա
ܽǸԭҵĻҲаĵġ
ֻдŻ֮£ֻǽǵ˵ע֮£һӰǵצ˹ȥ˵ע֮£ƹλϡ
μϣ꣡
ϵһ˲䣬ĴǱ֮ǰһӦĳΰ
׵վŵЩӣϵû̫ı仯Ѿϰ㱻ˣֻǵȻذ˰֡
󱡴Ŀ˵ɡ
ǡ
лϣڶĳ֮Ÿһվףص
ҲҶһĪİС
ڽ˳ĳ֮شԼĻλŲϺ̨ףֱӵֻƴЩʹǰ
Цϻ¶ЦݣͳɳȴĪŴԣһֱæڳչ˲ܵĵطλϣʺ̫ϻʣ̫̫ӵ£̫Ҫڽ黳ĺ
ʱҲʮͷˣ´Ҵңȴû°ֵĺۼΪʱĴĥϵɢų˿űƲ۾ġ
ͺһһǻȻɵһơ
ΪǻλĴڶġ
ǰֻ˵ʲôʺϣʲô·Ϊĳλʱһüͷ˵ŶԷţֻðˣ
ǵ飡
ڣ
ڿʱֻ㿪ʼˣ

1744 ڼˣ2

˴Ϊ˹»ʵǻǰʹȫڷϵģڸԵĹżߵݺ͵λġ
ͳ㲻ö˵ˡ
ϹԻϺͻʺԵãƴǺֻ̫ϻʺ̫٣һ֮ǰϵҲİѩҲһλ̫ӵº̫˶ӣԼлϺλеĵλҲǲСģҲһˣӦϱ˵ӵġ
ôɫõһң˻λҲܽյյ
е˶ϵĻĳɳò˶õʱ䣬ͻλǰ㣬ҲͬĶĻλ
Ͼ֪֪˲ܰս
ʵǿۼ֤ĵǻҵȵҲǡ
㿪ڣ̫ˣ
ǵĿ֮ʣƴλߵ̫ϻΪףȿڣЩҲǸƴǵĺ棬ǳع˹֡
ǰǰϵǿˡ
ⱾӦ飬ϲ̫黳
Ҳ˻ĸŻĹȫľһ𡣡
˵ҲǲɵпĹѾܾûһͬۼһˡ
ѩ̫ݺЦڣ˵ĻҲǹڳ޸п
ǰĸȻģǱȴһ̬ѺõĹϵ֮仹ģڣĳһضʱ䣬ĳһضĵص㣬ѡĹΪʵĵط㷢е˹μᣬһͬۡ
Ҫô໥ԣҪô໥չʾգܵھʹͻ顣
Դǰ⣬λıȡ֮ۻҲȻȻȡˣĻλǱƴĻѳôãôҲһֱ
ĸĹе˲Żۼȫѩ̫仰ǿҲڹάģʵʵ˵Ĺе
˵ʱƴǵҲǲɵ÷һѩ̫Ӻ̫ϡ
ǰĶǻϺͻʺƴǺֻҪһЩģռ˸ֵƣ̫ϻʺ̫
ѩδʵۣǲ̫Ӻ̫ӦҪĳġ
Ĺһźģ˭˭ʱ϶Цӯӯģ浽˹ؼʱ̣Ǳǿĵ⽣Ӱ
˵һ䲻ŵĻҪЩŵֱӴɱɱսϻҪգ
˵һҪˣ
ɴ˿ɼѩĻϾǶλ̫ӵº̫Ż˷Ĵ󵨵Ľ޵
ǽ˾̾
ѩ̫Ӻ̫ˡ
ϵòȻۣȴȵĿʱƴǺֻ໥һۣ˴֮Ҳġ
ǵ£ΪҪĵˣҵЩˣ
Ϊ˱ģΪҵҰģĹƳ棬㹻Ĺе˵սľˣ
ҪǣǽѩڵģҲǺѩϵΪ׺ֻʲôɸ˵ܡ
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ǲɷϵǣѩĳɳЩǮѲ˹ϵġ
ƴûв²ĻڵѩӦĹʵΪһ
ĹȨƺ͵λѾϴƣÿ˶ʮֵľŲʷӵбˢ
ǵʱҪٶ˷˵ʱٲѩһţҾơ
ѩ̫Ӻ̫ҲزƲ磬ǽӦʱҪһЩˣѩ̫Ӻ̫ҲûƴǺֻʧ
Ļ֮ѩ̫Ӻ̫ҲȺĳ˹˹֣˵λµǰΪкܶ಻Ͳܵĵط
ð˸λĻλڳԨ׵ĵطĪͳԨһƽϣ
ѩճ¡
һԭǴĺᣬϧͳһʱˣƷ֮ЩղֳŻὨڵѩ־ôıı˽յĹ֮׵İλ
̫ӱʽΪ³Ԩ
̫ϸ̫ӵشĳɵĳʱҲȫȻûа⣬Ǵ࣬ʼչǳǳ΢Цׯִ󷽣Ĵ
˵ºֻЩԲλˣ̫Ǹ͵ĻӦĹ棬˶žִٵĲ֪ôźá

1745 ڼˣ3

̫ɬͣȻܴƺȫǽġ
Ǻǡ
໥ѵˣΪɵЦǳһεĿס
λԶ㶼ǿˣӦúõд
ң˷λǰȴҪλ֤޵ǻΪ۵飬һΪҪϲ£
򴽺Цڻ˵֮ȴɵ𺳲٣֮ϣĪ˵ֻƴǵ˾þˣЩҲǱͻȻľŵˡ
һΪҪϲ£
ʲôϲ£
ô֮ǰ֪أ
ϧ
ЩҲֻǸ໥ӣ˴Ǵӱ˴˵пɻȴǲҵʳģϾڳڡ
ϵȨϵĲַֺοǵ˵أ
ǣЩǱֻѹԼɻ󣬹ĳ֡
ƴǺֻˣҲϸϲˣǱһϲˣ
ŹϢʱȶȻ֣صϺģ
Ǻǡ
ٶ򴽵ЦȻˣޱȥлδõ񣬼λǰȥͩ磬޽׼ãȥͼλһͬѾԻ
һΪ
һΪ
ƴǺϹȺ̬ȣѩ̫ǽ
£Ҳû̫Ŀףĸ뿪ҲǸȺ˴
ҪͩкˣЩҲӦͬһԵģȻȥ׼ˣôȻǲ£õʱϸ϶ˣǿɾֱӶԼˣ
Ҳȥɣ
ۼĳǶĽŲȥ
ƴҲǳֻϹ˵š
ɫ磬ʱվ۷ĻҲʱϺǽġ
ڱֱӱ㳯ǾٰĹȥһ·ϻܺúõĻʹʶˣ
á
ֻǳЦƴǵ󣬶ϹȻǲ˵ˣ
û뵽ѩ̫Ӻ̫ȻҲǰƴǺֻǰ
̫ϻʣ̫
ǲ͵ģȴĲ֡
˵Ҳ˾Цġ
ѩ̫ڽƴǺֻʱԵĿ̫ϵһľΡ
̫ǰص˶ⱲеЦǵЦ˰ɣ
ֻЦ⣬ƴǵϵǿ쳣İõĽ̫Ӻ̫밲̫кָ̣
ǰģֻ̿涼ҪʼɣƴǲҪռеĸ˵ıˣŻĽԼĻλóȥúõĻϲ̫ϻʣ˰عİõ˵ǰ߳һ֣
ѩ̫΢΢ЦЦǹĿ˵
̫ϻʺ̫Ļˡ
򲻸ָ̫ϻʺ̫ġ
ֻЩҪ̫ϻʺ̫֪̫ϻʺ̫ɷ᣿
̫ϻʺ̫ϻʺĪҪͻ
ƴǳѩ̫Ӱ˰֣ü˵̫ӵ˵޷
Ĺ֮Ĺϵǽ׺ģǲ뵽Ҹһʼںλϵõõ˻ᣬҪιʵ۵ǻʱ˳һҵ֪̫꣬ϻʺ̫ο飿
£ѩ̫ҲƴǺֻӦ;񣬶ǻЦžվ˵ǰϵı仯ĵĵȴƴǺֻ
ƴǺֻȻЩģû뵽ѩ̫ӻͻȻ飬ȻȻģǵҲѩ̫㿪˵Ļʲô˼
õĹϵʽñ˴˳Ϊմ״ʣֻմ״֮󣬲ΪϵˣҲ֮Ĺϵ͸顣
ѩ̫ӵ˼Ǻԣ޷ҪȨ
Ҳȹ̵ʽҲǺܶҹѡƽȴֲɸķʽ
ѩ̫ӻ뷨⵹Ҳ֮顣
ֻƴǺֻüĽ飬³ֻѾǳ̫ϻʺ̫ˡ
ҪĻܻ̫ܲϻɣ
˵ȥǳЦ
ƴǺֵֻ绪ïݵλǰģƴǺֻҲǺܽܵġ
̫ϻʺ̫ûϣôϣҪڳĻϡ
ڳĻϡǾ͸һѾǸʵѡˣ
ǳƸ軹ǸСޡ
Ҫʱָһ£ӭȢʺҲ򲻿ɵġ
ȥҲЦԵѩЩʳҪ£Ҫ£˶ôеĳ̶ȣȻСҲŹⲻƽ޹ʵĽĹ˾

1746 ǲҲ

ߣƸСҪӭȢ߻ʺĻųƸ賤֮ǻʺѾϣĻһǰⲻڿӺ˼ҹؿչʮʮ꣬Ҳί˳Ƹ
ͬʱΪףҪѡǸĶƱҪнݹصĲܰ䣬ҲֳҪһ׽ľġ
Ϊ޵һҪôǹҪôǵõҼĿ
ͬΪӭȢһҪϣ̫ӣЩݹصĲڹĹǿǻӣͻϣǹͿݹ۳Աϡûа취ȥʵġ
ѩ̫ӲǲҪ飿
ƴǵ棬ѩ̫ӿϵѡ˭
ԡ
̫ӵ˼ǡ
ƴĿƵĿѩ̫ӵϣϳ⣬ȴѩ̫ڡ
ѩ̫ЦЦ̫ϻʣ̫ˡð
Ĺ֪ģǱҲǹΪѡ
һѩȻ֮µģֻ̫ϻʣ̫ƺһ顣
ѩ̫ӲĿڣЩʱȷֱӽǹ߿ңԴĹϵ׺񣬿ѡһλλ˳ĴҹǿҲδɣ˵𣿡
λ˳Ĵ󳼡
ѩ̫˵仰ʱƴǵ潫еЩǽ˼˸顣
ݹ۳ĳãЩҲʱһλõĽɫܿΡ
 ƴǵر飬ѩ̫Ѿѡһ㣬ͬƴǺֻ˵һλʽ㣬δ˼ң̫ϻʺ̫ǲĻ㽫µĻʽǹҵΣ
ȻǻˣڳоϵĵλǻʽܼôҲ˹ĳ⣬Ҳίһʽ㡣
֣ƴǺֻɫȻ
ΪݺͱƴǺֻ衣
ΪλȴǸϼҼ
ڳƴǻֻ˵ϼҼһɻһĴڡ
¶˸һ£ƴǺֻҲΪϼҼֽԶʧԼǰǳںǸʲôϵ
û뵽Ȼȷʵѩ̫ӵ˳
ԣƴǲδŻش𣬶ĿƵѩ̫ӵϴţ۲ı飬дǺ˼
ǵΪ֪Ĺ飬ҲǵҪٽ֮ѺùϵԲŻôһ顣
֪ǳλúУǱĵģȴҪ
ΪģֻҪӦ͸Ӧƴǰˡ
˵ӵĿ֮£ѩ̫ϲδκεı仯Ŀ̹ȻĿƴǣƺĲ֪Σ֪Ǹνֻǵ˸ʵȷʵûκˡ
ƴǺֻнѾ뵽˽취һ㣬ƴǱ΢΢һĨЦݣЦŵĿǳ̫ӡ
̫ӵԼǣֻҼΪҲǹ»ʵǻôӦúúõ飬ö֮վ׹ϵǶĲӣǴ£ܳɾⷬԵĺӦǷһҪĳϺоһ£˲ʣ˵𣿡
Ǻǡ
ƴˮ©Ľ͵ʱѩֻ̫ǵЦţ򴽲δȴҲδͬ
ˡ
Ҳȷǡ
Ǳвμ֮Ȼٺúõоһɡ
ѩ̫ӵĻк壬ѾȷҪ㡣
һʱ֮ЩºϹ״æĳԲ
ǰǰʱ䲻ˣЩȻȥɡ
õȵľǷǲˡ
ȥʱƴǺֻ뿪ϵıȴŵġ
ԭΪѩǻסһԼҰĵġ
ô˵ǰӦԵıܻһºҵĹϵԱܻһԼʵ
ſƴǺֻɾ衣
ѩ̫Ӻ̫ӵ¾ȻȻǰֱ˵ƴǴ˺ֻôһĻ
ң̬ǿƵΪѣǽвɵÿʼ²ѩʵΣ
ǿʲôطʲô̶ȣ
Żŵҵƴǻֻ
ŽŲҴ뿪ƴֻϹ£ѩ̫Ӻ̫໥һۣ˴һЦ
ƺӶԷϲ಻Զıղ
ѩ̫Ӻ̫ҲûмȥĸƴǺֻһͬǰȥ׼õḰ硣

1747 ޵Ļʺ

󹬡
ǰЩǰʱʹ󳼣㾶ŲӳԼĺȥ
޵ڵԼĨٻӰҲź
ûκγɵģԼĲӣĨٻӰȥĨٻӰš
ôˣ
ƺˋϵĽź;ִ٣ʵʲôĵط𣿡
ǲ̫ҽ㿴ӣ
ɫǺ죬ĹĵʱϵľִٲȴԽĶˡ
ϣ檿ܻ
ʵ˵ʵǵڣҲԼ⼸һΰɡ
һĮȻһĳ̬չն޵˿ȱ֮ճڽϣȻԼ˵ҪԼΪĻʺ
ôأ
ȻСʱûж飬Ҳûѧʲô̫Ĺء
ôҲǿ˵ۣ֪ʲôǺڰףʲô𱰵ģ
ƾݣĪ˵߶һݳ޵顣
ֺοǳΪһ֮֮ϵĻʺأ
ûʸվߡ
ûʸһ˵ĳݡ
ǲ䡣
Ȼ仰˵ЩᣬȴǺʵԼĶλеġ
ӳʱͬԼ˵ҪԼΪʺ֮ʱһֱǻججģԺֻʣ˵Ǿ䡭ΪʺĻ
ʱ޿̲˼žҪҪĻʺ
˽棬ǺҪΪʺ󣬹վߵģֹеİն֪ǸΪΪҫ۵ɷ򣬶ӭȢŵӡ
ҲҪվ߽ٵ鷳޶˵ܵ˵áͳ
Ϊ̫Աǻ˱øı΢
ǰı㲻ֻԼЩССԸص룬ܵʲôʱʼնڵһλġ
ǲ˵Ļ֮ȴͻȻЦ˳
ûǽŋ֣Ŀᶨؿŋ
޲ĻʵۣѡʺҲ޵Ļʺ󣬺ʲôϵ
˵䣬õġ
򣬼Ůޣ޵ĻʺǲϲҲǲģ֪𣿡
ĪᣬһħһԹƻ˵飬ƺһȰ˵֮£㵱һֿǾǿ֮ǰеʹ಻治ôҪġ
ǰ˵ĶԣΪʺҲֻһ˵Ļʺ󣬶˵Ļʺ
ֻߵǸŮˣֻһһ㣬ʲô鲻ܵʲôʱ
ڻʺλãܶŮ˵λöǲɿܵģĪִǵϻʺλãǷǣҲϧġ
ʺ֮λڶ˵ȴûв
ǻϣҲĻߣ޷ˣԲڡ
ôĿվԣĿʲôΣգʲôҪԼʱԼ޷˵þȫȥ
¡
Ҫ޵Ļʺģǰжټ裬޶վߣ㣬ܵ˺
ѵ㲻޵𣿡
ֿԼʱ΢΢ĶҡҲʼҡڲ
ôܲأ
ζѽ
ĻͰԼǰ
ǰȴԼԨԲȥˤ÷ǡ
ջʵ̫ˣËĸԸȥһѣҲԲڡ
á
ãע֮¡
ǿѹԼ治еĵǺ͹Ƕ֮Ժصĳ˵ͷ
Ը⣬ֻҪڻߣȥ檶Ը⡣
ֺοǳΪϵĻʺأ
ֻǲ鷳á
ĿĿһһⶼ롣
ûʲôҪģǱҲϧѾϰˣϻʵ۵ʱĴ
ľҲûʲôҪˣûʲôоˡ
տʼʱȷǺѹġ
ȥͷܿЩ˵áͳ
ЩĻ䶼ǴĿڴ޷̧ͷ
ʱ֮ûʲôҪˡ
˻ΪԼΪԼϲ˶Ϊ˻
˵۹ʲôҪأ
˵ϲǲϲʲôҪأ
ֲΪеϲŻŵġ
Ҫе˶ϲҲһǳѵ顣
½˰ɡ

1748 ޻չ˺

Ȼϲ鲻࣬ʶĶҲ㣬Ǽ޵֪棬Ҳ֪ʲôˣܹЩϲЩ˲ϲġ
ǸУʥ߹󣬲ַȴ֪ϻкܶ˾̫ϲΪϻʵ۴
ȻԼǸˣϲôԼҲͬûµ˽ܣµϲԼҲûʲôñ˵ء
ôţź࣬һЩˡ
һܺƥˣһǺվͬһսߣͬĴġ
ֻҪԼġ
Ǹ˶Լôһ㶼ֵõġ
ҲǸ֮ȥġ
ǲǿ󣬱㲻˭һҲĽԼеļǿܡ
ԼǿĻҲǲǲ˺Լ֣Ҫȥġ
ԼԼĻôܰԼأ
ԼԼĻôôܻԼأ
ôţŷ࣬ҲǰǻսҪ˵ָָĿҪõĶˡ
ڱˣǱԭΪĻ
Ҳǻܸ˵ģֻҪܰ£ֻҪߡ
лվߣ˶֪ɷ򣬶Ůˣ޺ˡ
ֳʱʱ򶼻һжôңɼģʵ仯糣
ȻϷķת
еվԼǰĸԼξҪˡ
һֱεҲͿԱʵģ־ϲ֮⡣
ĵǺһΡ
ʱ˵ʱǸ˵ģǻϲġ
ǵŸ˹ʱеֹֻסˮ޾ʧ
ĻδҲ̫ġ
վģѹ֮еֻ޾ʧˡ
ͬʱξУҲϣΪԼӰ쵽
ΪԼǽϾһʺеĲֻòҪݵܺúõ󹬣ܺܺõķڻλŲɺӵ档
ԼǽŮˣܳΪһѾˡ
ֿʼЩԱˣԭѾ˵۹Ϳˡ
Լ˵ҪĻʺ仰ʱֿʼѹ
ֿʼں˵Ŀ͹۵ˡ
нģϵЦȴԽᡣ
ûΪķӦǻݵĸָЩֲڣΪϰԭָǵĥļЩĥ΢żӵָػüۣĴǡ
գ°ϡ
ûµģ㲢ӰκΣֻҪԼϲͺãµ㽻ɡ
οΪ޵Ļʺ󣬱㣬ĸԸΪ
øжӦ޲ǡ
֪һ㡣
˵ʱ˫̲סץס֣ͼԼů飬ĻǼٵģҲΣеķϵġ
ĴݸԼϵ¶ȣҲǽץס֣ĿЩߵĲֱ
лϡ
ԴҪ뿪صԼûصĵطʱסҳûнŻصɣǽߡ
ҴǸʱʼÿÿǰᡣ
һһÿһÿһÿһеĻǰ顣
ǿһϡ䱦Ŀͷԡ
֪ΪͻȻתӣԼᡣ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰԼôĮȴͻȻܱ֮ģ
ѲΪ֮ǰҲԼֻȴΪػλ
ûֱӱл⣬һֱؽݸĵףѾҪ鶼֮ϱûʲôһĽŲˣŻܻıԼ˼Ľ֮顣
ɣ㲻ҲǲסڰοԼһģΪֻԼƭԼȻİõĴߡ
ֻҪܸܵᣬ˵ճŨﵱУһ죬һʱһ˲䣬ˡ

1749 һʧ

ˣҪˣúõʰһ£Ժװ硣
ϻһҪһͬϯܷʲô㶼Ҫ£Ҷ߱㣬֪𣿡
ģ˵ʱѾûʵ۵Գƣˣɴ˿ɼ֮ĹϵǶô׺
жĺͷ۽ˮ
ʱ죬Ҳ̬úתûټ˵ļ򣬻Ҫȥնߡ
ҲǶµĵ˵ͷ
ãףİɣһʧġ
΢΢һЦ׿̸׿̸ֻ
һŮӣֻǰԸǿǵʲôʱ򣬶Ǹһ־ǧ֮ʥðĸо
Ǵӹˮʲôʱ򣬲ʲô飬ʼС
ǻһҪ
ǰ벻ǽ˼ֻ׵ϡ
Ѿ뿪ˡ
µִһ˼ԼŮ˵ϣװ׵˷ʱ䣬βϧǰˣ
Ͼʱޡ
˻һҪΪԼģߵʱĿȷʵƳһǽڣ㲻ٶҲûС
ϵıٶȻָȻ̤޵
Ӱʧڷ֮ڣҲǱ۳ϲЩĵȴЩǰźĹ˴ѺװλصǰɵЩԼװ硣
Ȼ֪ǣ˵ʱ򣬷иڱǿѺֻĸĵط
֪Ѿ˵Ļ˸һ
Լķ֮ڣԼòа˷Ҳǲ֪ġ
֪ĺܺãЩʱΪ֪Կ֣Ϊ֪鲻ࡣҲûôšеҲǱŰδκεĶ׵ؾĬĬԼļƻ
ʲôᱻΪ֮ǣҪȵһһԼлⰵյĵطӳȥ˵ǸĻᡣɫܿı
պһŨīһĻ
дЩ͵ĹȴǵƻͨУޱ֡
ƴǺֻݺХͬܡʹ̸šҲʮֵҪãٱλһͬơ
նлλǰʵǸĳ棬ڴ˱㾴λһı޵⣡
߸ߵľеľƱݺЦĿڳеˣ΢ȴʱʱɨƴߵֻϡ
ֻòĸһ޶
ǲҹûϳֻʼʱΪߵǺԼȥһ㣬ȥֻ
ǾƹѲٺþҲǼܲסڿֻʱҲûĹ˼ɡ
Ͽˣ
ۿĳú͹ǿµĸѩ̫ٿվЭͬԼ̫һЦŹ
ЩǣȴЩյⷬ֡
Ǻʶ꣬Ѿ֪Ƣϲá
ǵΪϻʵ۴򽻵ʱϵЦݶδڵ࣬ǽյˣʱǹЦģǾҲҪȵöࡣ
ʧ̬
Ҳ֪ڵ浽Ǵʲô˼Ǹ˻ǲˣ
ϡ
ǰ̽ŵĿڣȷǸֵø˵ӣǻϣҵʹأĺˡ
򲻸óȻȰģҲֻһֱߵĸŸǰȰһ
ȻҲûоð
ܺõĿơ
֪𣿡
ҵȴһѾȴܾˣҪѾһһˡ
Ҹ˵ģҲҺһ
һǸɵˣƸô꣬ûпʧ̬ӣûпǰʵģ
һ˵飬ǲ֪ΪʲôģͺǺһ㡣
㶼˲ü֮įģʵǽ۵ģƸǲ֪ȥο
ƾԥʱһҾƾڣ򴽵͵͵Ц
ƣʲôˡ

1750 ֵø˵

ǰȰ˵ƣͻȻ˵һű߼ʵĻ΢΢һ
һƲ˵Ļʲô˼
ǰʲôˡ
ǰΪıӵȨƺ͵λ
ҵʱΪݱ΢ǸԱ㱸ܴѹǱ裬ľ̤ڽ¡
ԣһʱ֮ҵЩ˿ҲûʲôҪ顣
ʼնܵĳıһֱûзŬԼʵϸλڣиŬ֮£ƾԼһ֮һշҵЩվ
֧⣬һ
ƾԼվȽŸΪȨߣѾΪĻʵۡ
ʵҵǸҪٵͷ˵ȴûôҪ顣
ٸҲǻʵ۰ˣھѾӵһУΪĹһеĻʵۡ
ҵҰҪ̲ĹΪһ޶Ļʵۡ
ڵȷʵɿԿеƣһģĹҸȥıЩûʲô𣬲ҪȸҵʱЩָʹҪܵĶˡ
ʲôˣӦһ˵飬Ӧֵһξƣʱ򣬿ǲ֪ΪʲôֻĪᣬò֪ѹ
·ƺȥûúתΪЩƶЩʧ䡣ڷʲôѽ
ʲôʧأʲôźأ
һ̾Ϣеʧ̬
ƿ̬ȺЩ治ζ
˼Ƭ֮ƱԥſȰ˵ϣʲôˡ
ڴ˵ԸˣӦþø˲ŶԣҲ˵ġ
ֻǻϣڸʹڳǲҪȵ̫࣬ʧ̬
˵ͷеľƱȥ
ǣȷôʹȷҪĳϣ޲ٺˡ
Ȱ˵ԼһһһظƶԼ˵ĻҲڸԼһѡ
ƵȰ˵ûǹԹеľƱȥһ˵ֵڶʹͱͣ˵Ҫһֵø˵顣
һԸһԸԳĳΪĻʵۣҵЩԼĳǵע֮һıǿЩǰԼȫԼĽ£ڶ±𡭡
ôʼչڻ޷ȴ
ϧһô궼ԭҲǺԼȥһ㣬Ů˲ǶôǾɫҪ
ʱҴңһαʮȥ
˱˴˵మŵģҲǱ˴˻ĥŵġ
˭ù
ںˡ
ͨˣ𲻻ԭҲڵġ
ʱյݵλҪʲôǾɫûҪʲô欵ŮûУ
ϲŮˣҪͬòŮˣҲѰٲõġ
ĴڣǱͬˣͬòûʲôֱһ㡣ôţҲıüᶨϵʱѾһѡڴŻںʮꡣ
ʱͨˣӦִŹȥһʧͻںˣӦúúõϧǰˣֻܴӹȥıнѳ
һӾԶֻܻڻں޵Уġ
һˣ˼Ǹ
ʲô鶼ɾ͵ģΨڶԴ棬ԶԶûеԼеԼǰľ顣
Ǵźͺڵġ
ţĵĿ⿴ڵõıͣվڸߴس˿˵
յһֵø˵ӣ޵Ǹлʹ˸޵ӣԶǧĹ޵ĵǻ޻ҪŴһͬϲӣͬһϢ
ſϻ¶ЦݣĿ˵ǾǣҪĻʺˡ
ǰѳֳ꣬һֱ˵һصɫʡ
ֵĺͻȻҲûһ׽ˣһ׽ŮҲûУܶ˶ΪǲϲŮ˰ɡ
ԲŻ˵εֻӰÿÿֶֻһˣŻڳ棬һжľϻʵ벻ڣĹϣҲûյӰ죬һֱ£޷ı¡
â¶ô꣬ĳǲûҪ£˼ԼҵŮֶŮýģֻҪǺʵģòģЩǵ涼Ҫӣ

1751 Ҫʺˣ

ѡеЩ벻ۣһûֵ檣ֻҲǸ˵ġ
ϧ˷Ѿ˼ҪŮˣֲѡЩŮ˾Ƕôòϧʼն޶ԣһЩֵˣ
ˡ
Ҳûκ˸Ů˵϶˼ˡ
һôȥˣѾСˣȴδȢӵʵǲ࣬е˶ĬˣⱲӶȢˡ
¼ûκεŮˣû뵽ôؼʱȻվ˵ǰ˵ţҪ»ʺˣ
⵹𾪵ģ
𾪹𾪣ռܹ˵ǶģϾѾĻʵˣҲ档
ٳٶûлʺĻ˵ȥ̫ߡûлʺûĻôָô죿
ܲѾ˼Ľɽôû˼̳аɣ
ǲ̫ϧˣ
ԭЩǵ滹Źˣλ֮취ҪӭȢǻʺ󣬽û뵽
ȻЩǷϻˣԼ˵Ҫʺˣ
Ǳںòˣ
ЩҲǴĵ˵ģǼЩŮĻˣ
ǻʺûѡϣܳûѡɣ
żЩŮ빬Ϊ֮ƾǳϦദı£úõ£һʱʲôٻˣ
Ҳ¶óˣ
ϲϣϲϣ
Ĵĳ֣֮Щ͸ˡ
ֻǡ֪ϣ΢Ǹһ䣬ǿļҹҪӭȢųΪĻʺأ
λεȴͽš
ܲԼҵŮҪΪʺ󣿣
ǿɾĸѽ
˵ҪʺͻȻôҶû׼Ҳű߼ʣ֪ļҵĹܱС
Ȼ˭֪֮ʱȴǽϵЦֹסұĿ𺳡
ĻʺǶʶġ
˵仰֮󣬱㻺ת޵ȥķ˵ɣ

˭
ļҵĹ
֮ڶǵϱѸɻôǰû˵ôһ˵Ĵڣ
պ죿
ҵˣ
˵ǹˣԺյ˼ҵҲûһպİ
ЩǵֻһˮͷԵġ
Ȼ
ǴеĺӰһĳ˵֮ڵʱ򡭡
˻
仰֮ڳڶǵбǲɵһ
ǡ
Ȼ
ԭȵΪ˻ʵߵʱȡġ
ʵֱǺ
ҪΪĻʺ󣬳ΪĻʺȻǲȡˡ
ıƺǲǱ֮ǰƺ֣һûӰ쵽пǻ߳ôӰ𺳡
һ˵ҪĻʺȻǰϻʵߵǸܳƣһѹĻʺòȻǳ̫òһ
ǻҪΪһˡ
⾿ʲôԵ
СⱾǺ˼
Щǻǲɵûֲ̿ϣǡʲô˼ѽ
Ůӡ
ʵ˵ʱǳǵģ˽ǾҪǺֻǸŮ˻ãϾ
Ͳǣ֮ǴźܴĲġ
һֻΪɺϵԭźһһǽĻ֮Ǵž޴Ĳġ
Ȼ
˵Ļȴǽڶ˶ˣ
֮ǰʶģ
仰ʲô˼
Ҳ˵
ڱĳ˺ˣ
ҵ죡
ôԣ
ŮǲܳΪĻʺġ
дվԴǵķĻ
ϻҵʹڣЩĳȻ֪ݷǱѰ𴩣Ϊ棬ǼˣҪֹΪߵĻʺ̬Ҳûзı䣡
ʺʥλãôĸһۣ
ܳΪĻʺأ
ֻϧЩûа취ʵԭ˵ֻվǰż
·ЩǵȰ˵ͷԲ⣬ƺ뵽һ㣬ֻǵı΢ЦŵĿԵĿᣬȴ˵ǰЩԼĳ˵ġ

1752 ûʲôܵ

ûʲôܵģⱲİŮˣҲΨһӵѡ
ҼȻΪĻʵۣôߵĻʺ֮λǳûκһˣ
Ŀ飬˵Ļȴ̬ȼᶨģ޽֮ԻϢΪѾ˾
Ҫ͸λ֡
ĻǿƣڸڳЩǣĻʺ˭ֻʸ
Ѿ˾֮˵ֻҪ֪ͨЩĳǰˣ֪պʺѡ˭Ҫʺžηǡ˵ҪѯЩǵҲҪǵͬ⡣
Ҫ󣬲Ҫʹѡ
ʼǰ
еķԣ治û˿ĶҡǳĿɫȻŲã֪ǿܶںòЩ΢ʣ޽վҪǣȻߵǸѾȻһͬˡ
ǰˣֻ޵Ļʺһݣ
󳼵Ĺ˼ɣû̫Լֱ˵˵Χĵ뷨ֱӳݡ
ȷݡ
ǰǸȻߵȷѾˡ
δĻʺôֻǼ򵥵ô̵ء
ȻѾõľ;Բ׸ĵġ
ڵĻʺ
͹ȥմϰĹϵ
ɫ԰ףôĴ󳼵ԼҪΪʺ֮˷ԡ
ԽĿֻۿ΢죬һҪֱӿ˳
֪ҪΪʺǳεģǰģֻ޾áͰۣҪһͰ
ȻڿΪڶ󳼵ָȴ쳣ᶨʱЩĵͷ
ÿôᶨƵѡԼԼȴȻҪӱܣʵ̫ԼĳһƬˣ
ĬĬĸԼ
һҪǿԽǵʱԽҪԼסôΪȥסؿڵķ˼ˣ
ϵԼǿԼȻۿоͿҪˮ˻ȥ
ĿᶨվߣЩʱҲûٴεĵͷȥӱܣǲźۼֱͦ壬ĿŬģܻĿЩǵ
ͬʱǱüᶨǰôΣգֻҪʼվԼǰֻҪ޴˺벽ôҲ㲻ð֡
ܵʲôʱʼնҪһ
Ҵӽ쿪ʼһ̿ʼĻʺˡ
Թߡ
Ҳû˻ɢ˵ġ
ôţǸܴ
֮ǰԼЩǣҲǱ̬Ⱥŵˡ
ЩǸŭԣҪ˵ĻҲǱĿ˻ȥǿһԵʵǾòס
ȻЩȴǲٵִˡ
һ˱㵱Ǹնɱʱûеط˵ȥˣ
һʱ֮䣬ԭջͻȻ΢ЩҵʹĿ⸴ӵĿվ׵ͺˣ
ƴĿơ
˵ʵ˵עĿ֮³ߵʱƴǺֻ˲ٵ𺳵ģ
ֻ֪ĸпܾΪһЩԭ
ֻһжûʵʵ֤ݡ
տʼֵʱʶΪֻĸ׻سˣϸʱͷֲֻĸףЩװ׵ĸһˣ
ֻĸֻ꣬ԼôҲӦʮͷʮˡ
͵ŮˣǱˣȴϿµĺۼģϵǹɳζһŮӲ״ġ
ǰ㡣
Ǽֻ֮ƴϸۿʱ򣬱ϵ쳣
ȻòĸžŷƣȷʵֻµģҪֻἸ꣬Ȼֻĸס
ǻˣϵڡ
ϸ˫ӣòҲͰˡ
ﻹ׹òƣҲǿġ
ǾȻֳһòƣ
ȷʵûаѪԵϵģ治֪ǻжǺòƵġ
һ¼ֻǾЩˣ֪Ǹø˻Ǹÿˡ
˵ǣ±ûȷ֤ݣƴǵҲǶʶĸʮĿ϶ˣ޵ǡ

1753 Ǹˣ

ȻҪӭȢһĸ׵Ϊʺ󡭡
ңҲֻ֪ģֻ֪ò
֪һУȴʲôû˵һ̬ȼҪӭȢĸŮòƵ
ǲ˵
ʯ֮䣬ֻһ󵨵Ĳ²ģǲ˵֮ǰǸУŵˡ
Ҳˣ
ˣ
ֻԽôţ϶Խǿҡ
Ļ䣬ǸŵòӢ˵书ǿһ㣬ĺǰǸվ׵Ǻһ
˻
Ȼ
ǴУǰԺյ
׻˵ΣյĵطҲȫĵط
ˣҲп벻ˣ
Ǹص˴֮ƭȥĸ׵Σ֮ȴ˼һ
˵˼룬ΪǸ˴뿪֮󣬶ȻŰ취ĹУⱻֻĸ׸ҵģȴǡǡ෴
ûжǹԼ
ʣ˭ܽȨ㳯ҰһŵͷСһ
ҪֻģǴֻֻԲţ
ֻžκ˵ģǶûаֵӰ죡
վ׵΢΢ĵĿҲҲǽĴſǰͬԼַĳǣ֣صٶȿڡ
޵ǰվŵ޵»ʺ󡣡
𣿡
һвŭűηܴļ̵вŭѾǲͷˡ
ô򵥵ҪҪصٽһ飬ûʲôˣ
Թųܿܣʷ鹤صĲʤһ֮˽Ŀϲðˡ
ȻߵĻͬҲ߱ܰĻʺھμأǿЩʹĳı¡
ڵĻʵۡ
Ҫģǲܵʲôʱ򣬶Ĵ󳼶ĳ
ѣܵʲôʱ֪ԼҪʲôҪʲôòѣ
һֱ̫˵ ЩҪԵĻ˻ȥ
ڶ೯ü֮ϣվ֮£ĹǰĹ
μʺ
ʺǧ꣬ǧ꣬ǧǧꡣ
꣬꣬ꡣ
﹧ػϺͻʺͷϣٰü
һ˲㽫֮ǰĲѹ˻ȥʵһ
һԵȴǽ֣ĿԼǰŵڶ󳼡
˵õǾûκ׵ĸı˵ģʲô
֮ǰǽģһõĳǱĻʺҲõģɡ
ǰԼǰŵЩǵ֮ǰŵɫࡣ
Ŀ⻺ЩʹϣƴߵֻʵƴǺֻǰμ糯ʱϳֻĴڡ
ȱ˵ֻҲ֪ŮģǵԼۼȴһˣ
ֻǵʱûֱ˵ıԼʶֻѡ˶治ʶԼԲòĻʺ֮һ۶ƴߵֻĻǱ˵ȥˡ
һǳ̫һĻʺ֮ûаѪԵϵȴĪ񡭡
еʲô˼ġ
ǲԶ
̫ˣ̫
ǿű˾ЩѣĿԣһ˲ĹֻѸٵĽԼĿ˻ȥҲͬӡ
ƴǺǲֻ쳣ֻ֣İοֻ£ûйϵģһһֱߵġ
ţһá
ƴǵʱֻĻشȴЩĲɵġ
ʵ̫ˣûлƴ˵Ļ
ȻֻڵǲǧһֱҪֱ˵ĺƴһˡ
ΪͻȻ»ʺһСӰպ΢ȴֻάһϵձҪٶǳҲãʹҲգ
ڳЩ˶Ǽ˴ˣĸǷӦٶȼ죿
ǹϵĹҲǸ˵õģ
Ȼô˲ϢĹٳϻȥ
վС
ûиƴǺֻȥȴһ˶ڷУϼҼҲûԶһֱĬĬķصⲽ
Ѿþһ㣬ϼҼʲô˵ʲôԼ涼ȥϼҼĿϲˡ
ϼҼǴСǿһ㣬ԽսԽ¡
ϼҼķⲽ˺һˣڣǲǾöˣ

1754 ϼҼľǿ

Ѿһ춼ûˣ
ҪȻȥһЩŹΣ
ϼҼ˼˰죬ҲֻôһڨĻŷűֱӶԷ˵ţϧĻ£ķĺû˵Ļһ㣬ֶûж
ϼҼƶᣬٶȿʵ
Ѿһˣʼնûг
ǡϺͻʺڹ渰磬ҹδػ˵һ춼ԵĻǻܳԲģ
ֻһЩ˲㣬𣿡
ϼҼЩСŷʱ̹۲ĶСĶȻȴǾÿЦ
һ˵Ҫ㶫ʱһ̽ġ
ΪҪҪ벻ûϵģ
ǴҪ㣬ֻǻὫҪĶ׼÷棬Ҳɲܾˣֱӵĸ㣬ǲʵĸ
򣬱˲ô̽Ϳ鶼Ҫ״Ӧ˵ĻΪܱܿ˵ǻʱ򲢷ǴЩģֻŰҪһˣɵɵΪԷҪ㶫ûоܾԷĻ»ǻöԷģ
ˡ
ϼҼ߶ţֻĿڣ˵ĻѾ˵ĺˡ
پȥҲֻ޹ˣ
Ҹûʲô˼
Ҫô㽫˵õ齻ң֮ҲûκιϵôһһͬлŹҵ֣
ҪôھߣԶҪҵǰǾ鲻Ҳա
ƽҹδ˯˼ҲѾ˾ϼҼ˵ʲôһΣǾԲԭϼҼġ
ѾһΣ㲻ڶˡ
ȻϼҼΪʧ͸˵ģôһԭϼҼôҲǿԤϵġ
ɽ׸ģơ
˵һЩǹĲ˳ʺ
ȻΪܶϼҼĻҪԶ뿪ϼҼôһΪϼҼϴԭϼҼһʱˣǳȥ֮仹ǻᱬìܣǸʱҪڸθĻ¾ûôˣʹʹӦþһ㡣
ֻߵʱ˵Ļܶԡ
˵˼ûа취ҵġ
һʱ޵ġ
޵ʱԼϧԼĻôôܻᰮϧԼ
ΪԼҸҲںϼҼǣˡ
򾭳ϼҼԼǰȥҪٻ˺üأ
ϼҼɫһŷƽĲһ˿ĻһŻˣ
ϼҼûпϵı飬ȷʵҲ˵ⷬʱϱ龿ǶôİĮ
ġ
Ůôͳ˳Ĳɣ
ϼҼ㲻ٳ ҲûдڷϢֻϼҼӰȴδ뿪Ǿվķ档
ȻﲻȥôڷȴԼˣʱƴǺֻҲڹи磬ôĸϻԼҪΪ
ϼҼվûʲôϾ飬ҲվķϼҼҲûʲôҪ顣
Ƿ;Īķꡣ
ΪѰԼĽģƤϼҼʼԼڷ棬ᷳҲж
ϼҼĽ˷ģҲۼˣᣬȻʱϼҼĽûҾĻָǸϼҼֻʲôأ
Ϊܵƣ˵ʲôٶһϼҼвˣ
ߡ
Ϊ֪䣬ԲŻ˵ҪԼõЩ
˵Ǳ֪ˣҲǻὫͱģʱһٺ˺һţҲȥѰҽѶȡ
ֻķꡣ
ȻڷڵģǿⲽζӰȴֻǾĪᷳ
Ȼһ˲䣬Ѿ˽취
ڲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ˾޴죬ĵ˳ŴվӳȥϼҼ棬տʼʱ򻹾÷Щ֣ԼĮ̬ҲûȥţȻʧ˵ĺûеʱϼҼŲ쳣
ˣмˡ
ϼҼȻ򣬸Щ֪ںǳһ֮󣬱㳯Ƿг˽ȥȻڷһˣһģһ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱȻ֮ززˡ
ϼҼĿ⽥ı
ҾͲˣȻ㶼ò¡
ϼҼŭǲͱơ

1755 ƫа

ȻԼأôôȥˣа취ϲԼ³ΪԼƴǣֻ֮Ľ
ϼҼǱһģ
ôţϼҼҲܿĴǴ˳ȥһ·׷ټ
һΡ
Ǵ㽫Ҫеˣ
˵ʲôʲôҪԼһƤҩ˵ʲô׵ķŹ

һնڿջɫתĺܶ࣬еĺҲһ㰲
Ϣ⼸칦Ҳûʱ䣬մڿջȥĹҽյĹټЩɽ͵ĹƳ棬ĹССһߡ
֮ǰˮƳʱһ޷ƹƳȥˣǸʱҲûжԺ˵ѡ
ЩƳȥҧİղΪ֮ҲǹųƳȥɱ˺ģΪƹƳʱǷȱ飬ЩɣЩƳ޷ơ
ױ¶Լݡ
ںˡ
ֻԼԿһЩСˣҲܵΪѣΪ֤ʵԼ˵Ļڵ˽ܵķţڿջⲽ鼫õɢ
֮ǰΪеĹϵȥƳˣơ
ΪԼҪٴƳĻҲҪŻ̥ʮ£֮ж֣û뵽ҵɽȻ׼ôľϲ
ôѾõĹƳ档
һ㲻ԼѪȥЩƳ棬Ҳ㲻õЩҩĺ͹Ƴ˺Լеĺˣ
ֱӾֳɵĿã
ϰƳʱ־ø˳
ָо
ͺǡ
ͺүͷһ㣬Ϊ˹ƳģѧϰٶҲǿˣ
ûյĹ׵ùƳȥ˵İ취ˣ
ʱ򣬼ЩҵĳϺ͵ҹԼҲǲúˣ
ĹƳ涯֣ʱЩϺ͵ǣֻܹԼǰʹģʲôʸԣ
͸Ҫץȥˣ
Ϊ֪
ƵķңҲǷܵģҵЩմĵӣϰùҲǲ࣬Ҫ˵Լˣ
Ǿ͸Ƿëǡ
ڵԼĹģ治ǲҵЩЩΣҵЩܿأ
ûа취
˭֮ǰǴӦ˺ģܵʲôʱ򶼲ȥùƳ溦޹İˣ
ȻɣȴҲǲ׵ÿջЩֻ֣򡭡ҪǻѰʱֱӾͶˣ
ԡ
ŻޱȵҵЩ
ͿЩҵĵˣ
ϾЩҵĵӿɶҪֵģǶǷҲΪҪԱȥ޹ˣ
ŵ⣬Ȼȴڿջ¥û˶Զʹ
ӡ
ӡ
ʶԼ߸¡Сֻ˫֮ճҺ˳ָоÿֻŲѡ
ôܡ
ôأ
Ű˸£δӣΪʲô
ɫҰףĻҵţôˮˣ
Ҫ׼ӻôãǾԲĵǰȥ׬ӵģ˵ʲôҲߣƽĽ
ںˡ
Ȼǰ
Ĳߣֻʣһˣڵ۶Ǿˡ

ңҰɡ
ʹûа취˵ֻʶʸ¥ϣѵĿڡ˿Լ쳣Լæ
ûˡ

µˮԽԽ࡭ſ¥Ͽ֧ŵʱע⵽쳣ָķ
ǿ쿴
Ǹиôˣ
ôǲǵ·ݿҪ˰
˻
ǰ
ǿȥƣ
ǿôĶˣɷȴţôôôһܳأ
Ҫÿ˷ֿôã
Сسİվ紾ӣҸƣ˵һ˷쳣ʱİձȺǰȻǶЩɵģǶȴǰ㶼飬ֱӽǺĵȥŹ
мл
£Ȼ·ݺǲӣȴǽˮƽ߳Ȼǲģ
ߵĸ˲һ԰οţʹ
ֻʹȫҧҧͺˣ

ϧȴûϾĹȥӦԼ߰οŵĸˣֻǽһǻΪһҽС

1756ǸŮ

ɫ·ϵѾˣǸԻصԵļУջҲǽĻָƽ
ʹһֱҹʮ֣ǽпջЩÿűþġ
ܶ˵滹Ϊһͦȥֱһʬ
ʱѾİ
ڡ
һӤ޵ջнŹա
ۡ
ۡ
Ӥڿ޵ģǰæЩĵĴȴʵһҲǴЦݵġ
ĸ˱ֱӼӤڴ͵ĻУϲˣһ죬ĸŮƽ
ǰǰ֮ǰôǻΪͦأ
ҲǶ˼ο
Ӥ·ϣһ㣬Ӽ߰ߵˣֻҪӤǰ᲻ɵеֻһһ⣬ֿȥӤ
쿴ԼĺӰɡ
ҲǼƽǼҲǹԲˡ
һʱЩĵĸ˹ ˺ѷεĽкþģȻƽҲ˽ǵһ׮¡
͵ŵİҲǿԳ׵ķŻصˡ
ʱˣǵûȥǼҵͷӺջˣȻǴҪˣ
Ǹ˻ǰӤãķߣ֮ûж˵ľ뿪ˡ
ǰǰҲҪˡ
ԺҪúõıذ
һ˿Ĳס
ЩǰİæĴҲȺصԼļҡ
һһлȻڵɫҰףȴҸЦݵؿԻǸճеӤŵ˫ֻĴеӤӣбֹסĻϲ޾ļ
ˮ۽ǻ䣬ϣˮȴǱ˵ˮϲø˵ˮ
һӤĶͷʵӡ
ĺúӡ
ƽ׵ˡ
СؽеӤԼĻУһδ뿪Щĵллλæ֮պлᣬȻǻᱨλĴµġ
̬ȼ˵ʱϵıǾġ
·ͻȻͻȻ̫춯ǰûа׼ǱеĺӸ⧲ҪЩĵĴǣ׷Ԯְææǰæ󣬽ص˿ջָţӶǿջϰ渶ģƽԼĺӣпһʬڴء
ҪˣҪ˵磬һѪû Լĳ޷ȥˡ
˾ʲôûˡ
Ϊ磬ΪǵĺӣΪԼΪһֱĬĬԼԼĺġ
ҲҪúõĻȥģںеĺ˵ʱҲЩʣǾøп֣վһ԰æʣЩǲ֪еľֻǿһ˴ŶȥҪÿ
Щũ˵̫ĺûŵıֻһǻѪ飺ˣѾͷ˵ôˣ廹ҪҪúõϢ
˵ʲôллģ̫ˡ
ҲܰʲôֻǿѣպҲ˳ִһѣҲ̫ѹˣܸõչ˺Լǵĺӡ
ȻЩũǲ̫˵ǿ˵Ļůĵģе˸жӯġ
ţ֪ġ
лˡ
ܵЩ˹еһһͷлҽЩоƫͼɻĬĬؼʱչ˲Լеĺӡ
һȻеĺӴϣôҪúõչ˺ӣȫõĶ͵⺢ӵǰ
ҪеĸӼǿЩũҲǷˣ˼ɫ׷׵Ŀں
ˣѾͷҲԼҪ飬ˡ
ȻƽҲܷˣʲôллģ㲻ùһǶŮˣ֪Ů˻ӣڹŹһ⣬ǿһˣҲûӦˣǿ˱Ե֣һҲӦеġ
ˣ֮黹ҪԼġ
ҪúõıԼ塣
ˡ£ЩũҲٵʱ䣬׷׵ĳ

1757 ʲô赲˰֮

á
ͬЩǸ֮Щڷ¥ȵʱϧ
õĹѽҲΣǸʶģϧȴǸõġ
˵ǹģôǴӴ˼Ĺȴһ⣬Ŷӣȴһŵ˶ûС
ǲǡ
ЩɽҰũȻģܹ鶼ŮˣŮڵĵطٲŰڵģ仹ؾ˼ٹ̵ĹŴŮһлһ⣬Ҫܱ˵۵ġ
֮ǰΪæҪæЩ˵Ҳûʱȥű飬ѾɹΣˣЩ˵Ҳǿʼ̲סȼ˰֮ˡ
ǲǡǹǱĸ˸ƭˣʧӣִӼӳģ˰
Ҳίʵϧˡ
ģЩũѾ˺üŮСϵƭƭƭɫʧӣزȥң˶ӡ
ˣС˼ҹ￴ͦõģǸոģǱô˵ҪǱˣİ
ٿ޼ǿɵҪӵġ
ǣǲ˵ˣؼ˻ؼˡ
ЩũӰ˵Сˣֻʣ޵ĸпŮӱǴӹŹһ飬ңǹȴ˶ûУֻʣԼ
ʲôôôѽ
˵ˣ˶ԼĿԵġ
Ҳ֪ǹﵽǾʲô飬ܰһѾͰһѰɣҶ˵ҲûʲôҪ顣
Ǽһһ໥Ȱ˵ŷжӯ
ͻȻ֪ΪʲôĻǰֹϰƳ棬Ϊ˾ǲ뺦ˮЩ
˺޹
˺ôĵȴͨͨİա
СǱϼҼϼרġ
ȻãǴСܵĽ̵ʹ˵һ̬
ˣǸ߸ϵģȥ׽ҲЩ˴򽻵˽ʶĽֻܽЩƽͨ˺ǲģĿܿȫЩٮٮߣԼҲһҪĳͷء
Զƽ˵ǵǵ治ںġ
滹ЩûʲôҪ飬ҪܰԼҲʵеļֵˣΪ뷨ô֮ǰ˺ܶ·˺ܶ£ںͺ֮Ҳýӵࡣ
ø һˣ
ܶǰ˼Ҳǻ˴ת䣬ǰǿЩڽͻȻ֮Щ֮İæ֮󣬱˲ףԽִӵĸԽΪ󣬱˴֮Ȼ࣬ȴû̫ƣҲû̫ı
еֻǼ򵥵ͨͨ
һǰûиܹķΧ
̫ˣϲʲô鶼棬һĬĬسš
һҲǺϼҼرĹϵϼҼΪ˷й׽ˣ֮ǰһʱҲҪܵϼҼĿƵġ
ϼҼɣһֱڲϵĸЩĪĹԼװ㶼ûŮӵǰںǽԼ忴һȨƵֶΣ
ֻҪܵõԼҪõĶԼ׺Ҳǿȥġ
ԡ
ŻȺôˣ˼ҲŮǰ㱣ء
һжϼҼĶѲ˹ϵ
ڼʶ˸ˣ˸֮еԸҲǽرúתǰǰ°ǲǰȨıڵҲǺƽġ
úӣȺúõشҿջϢɣȻָһ壬˳ٵ㺣İ㺣İҲþˣҪ֮󿴼һ˵ģ
Ȼû˸ףһᷢģһеİ㳤˳ǷݶϲһĨҸִȰЦݣǲɢĸĹԡ
ĸ׵ΰ֮ɡ
֮ǰǡ﾿ôǧôĽĽ˺֮󣬱㶼øļǿ
ûκεѺΣյĿһĸҪԼӵ˼
Ҳ⡣
ԼߵĺӣڴϺúõϢʱԺȴһӤԼеʱĸо

1758 г

ָо·ա
Ǹĺܻ
ÿÿԼĻеʱ򶼻ῴԼЦЦůģɢǺӹɶµģǵڶ̾
Скĳֶ˵ֻǴҴҵĹͣǶȷʵ˺Ӱ죬ǵһǰܵ˳Ϊĸʲôĸо
пеĺӿԼЦʱʲôĸо
һֺ޲Ҫȫõ鶼Ҫеĺһ㡣
ʱıЦȴ˵ԼеĺǸŮĻȻкճŮҲûʲôֱڲֱˡ
ʱֻǺĵһϷԣȻ棬ԼģǸŮ
Ȼкü֮йһʧģʧҲֻһ˲䣬ܿͨˡ
ŮҲãŮһԴڽӴ
ŮһʱɨĹһĿչ꣬ŮҪȶĺܶģŮҪȶӶµġ
øȡһֽʲôأ
ͻȻʼѡ
˼ҷӶԼɷߵģڸոյ֪ʱȲĸһѵ֡
кŮС
ȻһͬϲϲĵŹ䣬ۿӳʱڴôȡõֵѡһΪϲʺϵָǸӡ
Ȼһ·϶˵ԼɷߣΧһɵ˾ľź򣬱ǻ⺢ӵʱҲûܵõúõϢ
Ǵǰûкúõ˼
ͻȻ
е鶼ͻȻЩΪĸĴֲæҡ
˵ˣ飬ĺӶǱȲǰ㻶ϲϲؼҸˣеֻ塣
ҲûʲôڴϣԺиǲĻԼ֡
ҸģģҲ۵ģҲһӶ޷ġ
˼ȥһ߿ԼеǸӣһߵЦ˵ĺŮԺг
ǵ׵ı
û˰ǣҲҪ㺣İչ㣬һҸġʼϣ·ôÿһ㣬ѾƻδʮҪߵ·Σ
δѡҲѾѡˡ
ֻ˲Ĺ򣬱㲻뱯˵С
û˰Σ
ֻҪԼԼ㹻ˣ
磬㿴𣿡ĽڻУĿЩԶãȻĿϿգǵĺӣǵŮ
ԺҲԼĺˣ
Ҫ㻹ŵĻһܸ˵ģҲһͬ⺢ϲ

һֱ˰ҹŽ
ǣԼδʺֺЦŵĿܷǰصʹ
ҹлλʹ磬ձ޵Ļʺ֮գʹûʲôҪµĻٴգǵۺ֮ȥ
˻Ծ֮꣬дλʹġ
ɻҲǴһڵġ
»ʵǻ͵ۺ䱾һҪ飬߷ͬ
һ㶼ȳΪʵۣ֮ŻͻʺʢĻֻڵǻ֮ǰѾӭȢ޵ġ
ǻֱ֮ӲΪʺһκƴĳ׵ǣЩ⣬еǻȻδӦ֮ʱҪӭȢ»ʺ
һҪ㶼һ
ҪѰСҲգЩصʹҲнڿһ뿪
ǵۺҪ飬ǡѾ嵽ʱҪ˵ԼҪȥæҪǰ뿪Ļˡ
ңϹȲҪ뿪صԼĹ֮⡣
ҲͬŽҪúõģһ֮УҲֻǵôҪġ
ǻδɵҪȥ
ƴǺֻҪҵĸ䣬Ǿôֱ뿪Ļǰװ׵һ
˵ʲôҲҪ֪֮뿪ģ
ѩ̫Ӻ̫ҲǸ£ҪͳֻҪĵĺͳΪѣƴǺֻ治ʹ졣
ҪǾô뿪ĻƴǣֵֻĻᶼûС
Ҳ̰װ׵ա
ԭڣҪԼҲǻŬŰ취ŽڶģȻǲμļպ䣬ǱٺòˣҲʡģٷĽˡ

1759ʱ

ƴΪһʹڶ˵㳯˹֡
Ȼ
̫ˣ
ۿӭȢʺҵҵ飬ǵȻԸĿãֻҪ߶Żʱˡ
ЩǰصĹʹǺš
Ǻǡ
Цˬʣ˵ĿҲʲô쳣
ʱʹ˵ﱸܻҪһЩʱա
޺޵ĻʺҪ׼һ
ȴʱ޻ǲרͬλʹһǻҲûģһͷϡ
ϣλøˣ
ϴЦݣ֮ЩĹǰʹǱĳ֣лϡ
ʱˣҵȱ㲻ŻϺͻʺϢˣ
˵Ļ˵ˣҲһˣµҲҪȥˡ
һֵĹ˴֮Ѻõ½ѾܶĹûĽӴˡ
Щ˱ֻٵļˣʵ̶ܴϣʸǸԵĹҵġ
˵һС͵ĹۻҲǲΪġ
Ȼ˴гʱȴûеʱǰЦݣǽϵЦݣҲʼԼ㡣
ƴǺֻٿĴڵʱ򣬱Ȼ𺳲ѣѾ׵ƶ϶ʶǵĸġ
ֻǲ֪ĸ׵ʧַ֮ʲôûкĸںδ
ʧǲģ
ֻܵȺ
ҪֻƴǺĵһ
һԵϹҲǸ˼˸Ķҩڻк֡
ֻòǣֻҲǡ
ôһѵѡ
Ǹ˺ֻƴ֮ұȫֻǵе˶˺ҲһҪ顣
Ϲ¼ƴǺֻʱԽԽá
˵ӰºϹǰҲԽԽƵ
ֻܿǸˣϹҲ洦ɼ˾
÷˱боģԽڼ尾
ֻƴɲŮŮò֮ϵӰԼǰʱ
ͻȻһᣬ¶˾һ첽ǰ㡣
ʱ磬ǺþòձҪͽһôǲʱ飬ֻǿǿϧʱµ岻ڹ˽ĺ⣬񣬲֪ɷпգ
Ҫͽ˵һ˵һôԽļǹҺ˼
¾ĽԼѹȥҲǲֱֻͬӣŬҺֻ˵ʱƵᡣ
µͻȻִֻƴǵļƻԭǴЩȥվ棬֮ͬӦ߿ֻ̽ĸϢ飿
Ҳãսĸ״ˮȵо˳
룬ͻȻǰ
ǰֿεĿ⣬ֻû˿ܾĵ
Ҳա
ֻ룬ңҪеۺ»ҪһЩʱյġ
ԼʱҲǳ㣬㲻ںʧһϵʱˡ
պֻҲЩµġ
¹¶ҲδúõĶ١һԼ˵ٱƣپñҲ֮úܵĶࡣ
ֻ˾Ϲֿ˿ƴǣ˵ƴǣұȺ»ȥúõɣǱ㲻ùˡ
ͰҲһӵĻҪ˵ɡ
˿Գɫһþƣһͬ¡
ֻЦŴȤƴǱ΢΢ţĿֻЦŵĵͷãȥɡպҺͰҲ˼
Ȼֻбʲô˼Ϲɫӣֻһ˲Цŵĵƴǵߡ
߰ɣʵ
ǾƲˣǲĺúõĺһɵĻҲǶԲ˸óЩʱ䡣
Ȼġ
ƴʼմ΢΢ЦݣϹҲûоܾ
Է޼仰ǽ˴˵ȥźˡ
һʵ˹ϵѺ÷Ǳһ׺ˡ
ѩ̫Ӻ̫ȷʵվڼ˵Ҫ˵Ļȴûü˵ƴǺϹӰҲԶˡ
ֹ̫ȴǱѩ̫Ӹˡ
ѩ̫šü˼Ƭ̣Ŀ˵Ҳգʱ仹ǳģҲǲһʱ
տǳ̫ϻ֮ȥݼɡ

1760㻹˵ʵ1

ѩ̫ӵͻȻһĨȣߣȥݼĻҲǲԣ
Ҳá
ѩ̫˵ͷӦ̫ӵ
ܲܿ˼ҪȥȾƳ̸ȻԼϵʹţĻǵļƻûκεĺôҵǻƴǺϹϷԼĪСһǰִûаôǻԭеļƻѩĻʵ۳ǡʱ仹ܳԣǵһҲûʲôҪ顣
ѩ̫ϵЦŵı˻ȥҲû֮ǰƴǻϹ٩٩̸ǷŵȣǽüͷϿ飬֪ʲôļƻҪĹ֮ĹϵȻѩ֮
վڣºֻһֱ˷棬ϵֽŸҲû˿١
µ񲻸ȥֱֻֻʲôߡ
㡣
Ⱥһɡ
һȿڴԼΣôô
µЩƮֻעʱ򣬽صĺ˽ҩ͵͵˳¿óҩֻۣһ˲ľᣬǺܿ졭
±һᣬҩһЩǲˮУ¸ǲŵֻԽ㷽˹ȥǼ˶ҩĲˮ͵ֻǰ
ֻµݹĲӵȴûȥǻķһԣϺ˲ٵĲˮֻÿڿʣҲ㲻ҪȲ衣
ҲƮֻͬһûһ˵ţ³ޣǺͽú͸ԶȻйʱţվûۿ
лͽۣۿŽ㰲ãҲǷˡ
ֻǽ㡭
ûкϢ
ͻȻЦӯӯĿֻֻСλã˵ҲҪѯֻġ
ǽüˣСȻһû˼֮⣬Ĳϸ궼ѾƽԼĺˡ
ֻǳģһζȥܸϢģƴǳ׵ô꣬ȴʼնûܴϢ
ҲԼԼ˸ڴ˻⣬źֻᵽ˺顣
˵ֻ΢΢һĨЦݣҲǲǾɢĸĹԣҪ˵أ쿴ʱҪ㡣
Ǹʱ岻ûмš
⻰˼ǡ
΢ֻʱеȴǸˣǲš
ѾˡֻʼմǺЦݣµʱҲǵͷӦ
ʲʲô
ˣ
ڵֻش֮岻ԾӲţֻ𺳣ܵ˴̼һ㣬¸ͻȻǰֻеľҪȵеĲˮ䡣
ž
豭ڵϷ죬ⰲķԵøĴ̶
ɫĲҶƮɢڵϡ
ֻǿŵĲˮǽĿµϡ
µķӦ̫쳣
ֻ´ʱϵָӣ־ıҲǲҪɻˣټʱֻ˵ʱ£ҲǺĪķ
ֻȷˣµ浱ʲôûиԼ

ϱ´˵Ǳ̵طŰɫĭ
˻
ж
ǲˮоȻж
ȻŸԼ¶
ֻжĲˮУô붼벻Ȼ
ȴпһ˲λվеĿⲻŵĿ£ã֮ĸ׺
˲ͬһĸ׳ģô飬ֻ֪µҲǵ潫Լ׽ˡ
ΪκúõĶ겻ͻȻҪԼ¶
飬µеķˣֻȴɲŵġ
̫˼ˣ
¸ûеԼģ
֮ͻûС
£㡭
˵ʱֻ΢΢Щź촽ҪĻ˵ڣҪµΪʲôĻҲʲڡ
ǡ
ֻǳĬôڷ໥ӡ
ֻӵĿ⣬ֻ޵ݣиŨŨεУۿеˮڿ˵֮ǰ˲ϡ
ҪûкӵĻһȷ
ҪֻһӣԲֻһӣҲΪԼĺӶֻ֣˺ӵĻҪ水Ǹ˵ĸֻ¶ĻֻеĺҲǻܵӰ죿

1761㻹˵ʵ2

ԲĻһʬˡ
У
У
ô
ܡ
ͻȻֻ֪Ϣµɫò԰˿ҲǴ㶵ģٳٶûзӦΨһۿеˮ·Ƕߵһ㡣
㣬Բ𡣡
Բҡ
ĶԲ𡣡
Ҹ
ҸɱҰɣ
Ҹ
ֻǿµ쳣
ʱߵʵ̫ˣûа취ֻƴǵĻصûм׷ȥ
߼ȻѾûˣֻʣµǽǱҲûʲôˡ
ǽҲʱӦúõ̸һµǳʲô顣
һҪùһˣе鶼棬ĬĬĳҪࡣ
ֻϵİȥ⣬ҲһߵԼʹ࣬Ͱοһ£µúת
ߡ
Ѿ¶ֶԼ¶ĵزˣ
ܼ𣿣
ֻµ֣̬ȼ
£ǳʲô飿
ѵ㵱治𣿡
˵ҪԼһ˳ܣ
ֻֻһĿޣȴǰ仰˵¸żϾĽ㣬ǽʲôǲܺúõ˵һ˵ģ
˵ô㲢ûнҿףʲôҲԸ𣿡
ֻװ˷ŭģ
仰ֻ˵ûнԼˣʵϲǳģֻҪ̼һ£ûκεĹ˼ɸеɻ
Ȼֻ˵ϵĻűҲαװȥˣֻ֣Ŀڣ㣬ôûн㵱أ
ôµĽ̵ĿµĺҲôܻĹεûн㿴أ
¿޵ģܵʲôʱ㶼µ׽㣬ǾԲṼµǷݽ̵ġ
˷ǲľ˵Ķġ
µҲǣ
ҪûֻĴڵĻȻԶܵõةĸôļʶʣ޸Ϲڵģ
ûн㣬ûµڣ¸һ̵ֱĻġ
ֻǡֻǡ
¼Ŀڣżֻű⣬˵˹ؼʱµĿȥ
ֻǽ㣬µŲѵĿԵģҰɡ
¶Բ㣡
˵˵ţۿеˮ
ʧص£ֻҲòζΨһҪ飬ǱǰµģԵ侲ʱֻܳûѯһµǷʲô顣
ֻվµԣĵµĿߡ
һˣµ齥ƽ˺ֻܶ࣬ǰڵ֪ŲѵĿԵģ鵽ڵѵ㻹˵ʵ𣿣
ֻĲѡ
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㣬Ĳ֪ôźˣ
վֻע֮£Źֻͬһһʮ˵ϺӵʱѲΣڹҽ޲ߵʱ򣬻ʹͻȻ˸ĪĺˣǸа취
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ӦˣǸصĺҲҩƽµĺӣҲû𣬿Ǹȴº԰Ҫ󡣡
ҪҪȡ
ȻǲϵģҪǸ˽˭롭
˭Ǻ˾Ȼɵ˵ĳ̶ȣŰǵĺӵʱȲ֪ƭҷ˶ҩ
ºȻǰȫģǸصĺӰΣҲǰΣһߵģ
㣬ʵҲͷ
ǲǳҵ˽ĵġ
ģ˲ҪǸճĺȴǺ˵Ŀ֮¡
ҲĿҵĺӾ͸ճͱǺ˸ɱˣ͡
Žҽ߳¡˶ĻҲӦܽ⿪ģµĺӾͲˡ
㣬ҵǺͿģ
˵⻰ʱۿеˮǶߵһ㣬ôҲֹסȥֻ
ûа취
һֶԼƺĽ㣬һԼʮ»̥ϵ⡣
»κ˶ûа취׵ϵģҲ⡣
޹ԼȻô˽Ȼ˽ҵĶ飬Ҫ㡣

1762 㣬Բ

ҲΪ˽Ҫҵĺӻȥ˽Լ͵͵ķöҩˣǺҲûǽҲãܵвˡ
û뵽Ǹ˾Ȼһֱڰй۲ҺͰʱ̼ǵĶͽ㻹н˵ĻᶼûУǱҪԽ֣ȻĻȻĻȡҺӵ
˵Ҹôźð
Ҹô찡
˵ʱȻ޵һ㣺һѡĿռأұԲΪѣԽġ
һԵĽԼôʱѹŵʹ˵ĳȥ֮ǳ׵ıޣŵĴʯͷ
֮ǰһֱĿѹϲȥֳȥʵǱƣǵõ˽ĻᣬǸһйһ㣬ۿеˮ˵ʲôҲֹסˡ
ֻʧʹ޵ʱ򣬸Ǳ˵Ļһ
£˵һˣǲ֪±˶ҩһǵĺвǣҪɱң¶𣿡
ֻֻ𾪡
Ӧûʲôֱ˵ĳ˰ɣ
֮ǰƴǺִĻҲӦŵЩֻˣŵкƴйϵģҲֻϼҼŵϼңϾ˶Ƕֻжģ㲻ֻġ
ôػصµϣ
ߣŵϼҼھվ֮ڣҪֵĻֱӶֻˣοһ˲书ô߳Ƿġ
ʱϼҼһֱƴǵҪԭ£ǲҪаǼ⣬ʵںֻƴǵģƾıҲûа취һ߸ǣһȴǷǰȥĻʹвϹµġ
ϼҼνĻô˭㴦ĻǵҪֻ
˻
ֻԼʶЩһȦֻʵ벻ˡ
Ҫǣ˵ǸҪֻˣʵǸ
һ˶ڰʱ̵Ĺ۲ǣǵĻǱһǲܼʱĲ˶ԷݣȻ󽫶ԷץĻǺ롣
Ҳ֪ʲô֪
ʲô֪ûҪ㣬ûҪġ
ֻҪҵĺӣ𣿡
ԭҵ˽𣿡
㣬ԲĶԲ𡣡
ڿֻǹе֮ĸ׶Ĵ̹ǣԲλһܣֻ룬Ѿ֪˼뺦ͷȴûйص룬ҪǸ˵в
ԼͽȽ֮£Եô׾ӣ
ôţлں޲ѣ޲ֱҸطȥ
µֻݽϵû̫ı顣
ŮΪĸ֮Ժӵֹÿ˶еģֻĺвֻҪֻȥ£ǼΥԼģֻҲǻ˼ġ
Ƽˣλ˼
ͷҲΪûĺԼڹؼʱֹԼɴ˿ɼµĻŵģҲҪֻģֻǸвĺʵ̫̫ɶˣ
ȻɥҪ˵вȥݺֻֻֻǻǸвĺˣµġ
ȱż
ȻǸһֱǱǣ鲢ǵɽˮĳ̶ȣԸһЩʱݺңıжܲҷҪҵġ
ҲȥŰ취ӦԵĻģ
ģֻȶֻֻĻ˵ͷǰ
ֻҪʲô
㣬˵
ֻһѣֻЩƺǺ˺ܶˣȻ֪ˣֻ̽ŵֻϡ
ֻֻüͷȴԽļᶨ˼ƽ֮󣬴ǸǹһĨЦݣĿ¡
£֪Ӧôˡ
ʲôֻ㿪֮вɵɢŹǳϣĿֻ
ӦһһϷ
µע֮£ǲɵùһĨȣ˵Լ뷨
һϷ
ºɵؿֻüɫֻʵ
ԣһϷ
ֻ϶ĵͷϷ棬װǺҪ¸ҵĶ¸ҡ

1763 һϷ

ңķãֻǶҵǸҩҩԵо̽ǶҩҩЧεģҲǸ洦ڰǸǰװȷǶˡ
Ļ㲻ΪͰˡ
ǳŻȥʱ򣬴ǵĺӺıʣµ㽻ҺǸصĺֱȥҪǲˡ
ֻ˵Ŀ϶ΪȽִҽҽеʲôĶҩûģĲģֻҪ΢̽飬ԭ¶
ֻֻҪǶҩҩԺļһ£ǶҩеĶжϣӦж״ֻ̬ҪǸصĺ˲ԴֻԶֻֻ֪֪жǼٵж
ֻῴֻ˶ģĻȶסǸ˵ġ
ҲºϹǵĺΣյС
ֻҲǸصĺ޷ٶڱ󣬱ǹʡ
ֻƶ۽ˮģȴûмˣǳɵĿֻ㣬𣿡
᲻㣿
㸹лкأ
ҪֻûлеĻֻԼҪȥǸҩ¿ҲԥҪҪֻڡ
ϾֻϤҩԣ֪˶ҩ֮󾿾ʲô֢״ſԼ棬Լ²⣬ķõĻǼװЩ״Ҳǲ⣬ƭǸصĺˡ
ȻЩ˽ҲõĽ취ˡ
һˣֻĸ⺢ӵġ
óȻȥǶҩʱֻеĺӣ¿ɾѴˡ
ճĺǺֻδεĺҲͬǺӣҲֻͬҪǽҲܻڵҸ
Ҫ㸹еĺӵҸȫϹҸ
ôٺ޳ҲǶȻġ
ҵĺӱѲһߣǸ֮Իĺӣ˵ҲҪͺӵȥΣֻˡ
ĵɽˮĵزҲֻһһģܲ˵ġ
Ѿߵ˾ҲɻƴеȫȥԼĺӵģȻԼĺӾôǸ˵֮֮Ǹв
ߣ»ȥһУҲԲֻˡ
µѾҪ׼㣬ʵ֮ѡ̹ףΪԼҪҪһ顣
ǣҵʲôĻܲܰҺúչ˺ҵĺӣ
µۿ΢죬ʣҵ˾Ȫ֮Ҳǿ԰ˡ
ֻ֪Ӧ˰æúõչĺӵĻôܽʲôΣգֻһ߾ȫȥģҲӻὫԼĺ缺֮ԻھᵱУΪĺӰˣ
Ҫû˺ô֮ǣôҲûʲôµˣ
˺Ǹصĺͬھ
룬һֻµĻֻ֮ûдӦǰĺǳţ˵ʲôأ
㲻ΣյģΣյģ
£˵ôɥĻ
黹ǵɽˮĵزĺֻԼȥչˣǹܲ˵ģ㲻׼Լ벻Լ벻ҲǾԲȥĺӵġ
ֻ̬ȼ֪ģһӣûԼĸףһӻȱʧõĶҪúõĻֻǶôļѡ
һ㣬ֻҲġ
ǰǽֻûܺúõܵĸ׵Ĺذչˣȴᱻ˵л֮⣬ԼҲǻġ
СֻΪĽЩܶĸ׵Ļĸױӻĺˣ
ʧȥĸף
ҲȻԼʶʧȥĸף
䣬Ǹ˻Լֶӣ
㴹ͷɥĻֻŵɫԴǵĺǳ
ǸصĺȻǾµвҲºϹˣվĿֻ
˵ףֻҲ£ǽ˶дҲͲ÷Ҫᵽ˭Ķһˣ
ԼĺӺԼĽ˭˭ӹһѵѡ⣬ֻµˣдҲǸ˵Ĵ
ҪҲӦǸҪǵȥȥġ

1764 쳣

ֻǺܻɣǸ˾Ȼڣִµʹɲ飬ҲǸ˾ʹ֣ǻǸصĺ˵Խı䱾˵ˣǸ˱תϹ֡
ºϹǸճĺ֡
ܹ飬ֻҪǸһղֻԹһֱ⿪ǻֵġ
û»ϸ꣬ϸ껹ȻûȻةࡣ
ǸصĺҪҪвֻƴǵĻʲô鶼óʱ۵ֻǸ˰ˡ
ºϹҲǿԵ޹ʵľͱǸصĺ˸ǣˡ
Ĳ֪ôźˣԲҵĲСģҵһʱ֮Ż˶ԷƣȻҲẦýѵľˡ
µ𣬲ֻ˵ʲôµоֻʣֻǸôһ뷨ͷˣʱСģô˵ʲôʲô˸Ķҩȴ˱ĽҩǶûо̷ֱȥˣ
˵³
µеֻ޾ĺڡ
ⲻĴҪңҲǲܴ˵ġ
Ǹصĺڱ޿ײ룬ͰȴϣһΣ㲻˵ڶΡ
ȻѾô׷˭Ĵ׷͵òôȥѾȫȻû壬Ϊ֮ʣҪһ취
ܺúõöԸǸˡ
ֻųź侲İο
Ȼƣôֻ͸ƻȥ
ֻڿµһɻʱ̬ȴǺǼᶨİɣֻзִ磬öҩҸеĺӵġ
ûаգҶȻ˵ġ
ִֻΪȽҽе鲻Ķ˵
ԼµǰҲֻ˵ԷһЩҩһҩԣȷһ֢״֮飬ʵŲᵱȥǽҩԼеĺðյġ
еĺ֮ףֻƴǶӣֻʵԼкӵȫЦֻҪѰ˸ڽǶҩҽѧ΢ºúõоǡ
⡭
ɴԥֻȴѾʱ
ˣô˵ˡ
㽫Ƕҩøҡ
⼸ʱ価оǶҩҩԺ֢״㿪ʼжһͬһϷ߰಻ƴǣֻĻŻⳡϷøʵһЩᱻǸƳֶΡ
µƺЩĹǣֻٶµļİ嶨˵ˣͰ˵İ죬ֻҪҩң飬㲻ö ˣ
ֻ»᲻ὫһϷݺãʱ©ˣɾͲƭǸصĺˣǻἤŭǸصĺˣʱǸصĺʲôɾͲˣ
á
ǾͰս˵Ļȥ
ĵͷǲκεԥĽԼдŵЩĽҩ͵ֻǰ
㣬㿴
ǸҵĶҩЩ
ֻǶҩзڱӵᣬͼжһҩԣϧȴǶҩûв鵽κεֵĵطǶҩ
ֻҲģСؼ񵽶ҩպã¿˵ҩȷҺúõоһ£ȱģ˽֮һʱĸ㡣
⼸ձģᵢ̫õʱ䡣
ֻ룬ҲҪ˶õʱģȥҽѧ΢̽һ¾ͻнġ
ã
ֻҲһĪΡ
֮ǰе鶼ѹ棬һĬĬسܵʱֻʹ࣬Ѿǰ鶼̹˵ֻҲûôѹˡ
־һظĸоһ㣬ߵĴʯͷҲǳ׵˵ˡ
ʱֻĿȴûдµƿǼµϣֻ㿪ʼһڵ
˵Ǹصĺ˳Լ֪£ιһŶҩڣǶҩ淢ЧĻͨܲóġ
ڲ֪Ǹصĺ˵Ҫʲô
ܽ⿪ڵĶҲǺõġ
ֻüĽ²󣬶Ҳֻ֪˼㾲һԣûгŵֻ
ϧһΡ

1765

ֻ̽µȴûзûаټѰ
ֻʣҽµһܼҲӦϳˡ
µ˶ĻԼûа취ҵõķӣ̽쳣ǿԵġ
û뵽ֻãȴκΣµȷʵǿ˲ûκε屾ΪոӶģû뵽ͨûа彡
˹ˡ
·˵ص˳֪ƭ˶ҩ
Ϊʲôϰ㶼أ
ǸصҪԸֻĻôõǿҩҲȻǶҩǸҪװ׵æ쳣
Ǹصĺ˿ûôģȻᵱĸȴҪ˿棿
һǶ¶ֽŵġ
ֻΪʲôͰ㶼µ쳣أ
ֻҽβô꣬Ĳ˸ָĲ֢ͷһμֻֻеΡ
ѵΪǸĪĺ˵Ķҩ̫ǿƣԼҽޣŻ㶼쳣
ֻ˼С
¿ֻص֮󣬲ɵøĲŵĿֻ
ô
ǲеж
Ҳûа취⿪
ܻȥʱ
Ѿ˿Լɥ׼ǣϣ֮ǰ滹ǻȼϣġ
ֻӸʱʼһһǣµģµҲǸֻ̬ȶ仯
ڣֻһ̾Ϣµĸѡ
仹ֻϾص񣬱в̤ʵˣǰţֻδſڻشһֻ֣£㽫ֵݸҡ
ֻڣָǴµĸ첲һ˳ĬС
ȴŵʱƺǸš
Ĳֻ£ֻϱҲ쳣ء
ҲΪԼ󣬱Ҫµˣ
ʱһһţվֻµв쳣
µȷǿо綾Σģ
෴ģƺһرǿ֧£ǡǡΪǿĳֻ֣ɻ
£ذ𣿡
ֻؿڣ˵һ仰һʱ֮ûзӦǺܿ±㳯ֻ˵ͷеĽ㣬Եһ¡
Ϊ˻סҵİΣߵʱ򽻸һذҪţΣյʱܱԼ
ȥ㡣
˵껰֮ջԼ֣Ĵ齱һ㽫öľµذõֻǰֻµԼĵУƺЩεĿ¡
£ҪһѪܻۣһ¿𣿡
ڹǿµ嵽ʲôȻˡֻҲ㲻òִƼµѪȥҽѧ΢֮»飬ҲΪ׵ĵط
΢̽µ쳣ٺò飬Ĳ鲻ʲôҲǿ԰ĵġ
û¶㶯ְɡ
»شĺʹ죬ֻ֮ҪѪҪڵĶʲôʹ»ܳܵסġ
ֻֻذѸٵµĸ첲ϻһѪۣѪεδȴûһε˷ѣǱռֻЯҩƿС
ֶֻѸٵİæ°˿ڡ
ֻ££ڵһ
ҪȥѪúõоһ£ûʲôжļܸ֮𸴣
ΪʲôҪĻҪѪ֮ڡ
ѪȻĻôʹûжҪʲôĻҲҴѪ̽
ʱȲҪʲô쳣ľٶҪ˿ϵ˿ڡ
ֻҪǰһ㣬װŻҵѰһᣬȻ־ˡ
ûԷǸĪĺ˵ĵϸеĶҩʲôʱ򣬻ǲҪô̼ǸĪĺˣʱµȫ
ֻʱµϱأ̻ش𣺡ã㣬һжġ

1766 ޿ײ밡

½ֻһһȥȻֻҲûٺµʱ䡣
еҪ֪µҪ֪Ǻв¸ԼµĶҩʲôȷѾһе鶼ֻ֮㿪ں¸
ұȻȥˡ
ʲô쳣Ļֲ֪ͨңֻҪңȻգΣұˣ취ģ
ֻ֮˺ȷôһ¡
ϾǸ޿ײĺҲ֪ʲôطʱʱ̵̿ļºϹĻǿ˾ͻǵѵ
ʱʲôҲܶ˵ʲôҲܶûа취ֻƴǴϢôգһգ۾ǿԵġ
Ȼֻ֪ŲѵĵطҲ÷ֻƴ˼Բߡ
ã
㣬Ҽǵˣ
һֱĿֻſڣۿֻӰʧԼ֮ڣһҪ»صԼķʱȴͻȻǰֵӰһµɫʱҰǰӰҲĿ̿֡
Ī⣬֪ĺ˾˦ĹƤҩһ㣡

ʧһƲסԼǰǺ˸ſޡ
ʲô
㻹Ҫʲôѽ
Ǻ΢΢̧ͷϵĻ֣̿ǳЦݡ
ôɹ𣿣
ЦŵĿѯʣոֻһͬ˷䣬ۿģֻҪֻߵǻҪķһЩģ˹ѰµʱֻѾˡ
ϧˡ
ûۿֻûзԼµĶҩ
ֻһûкúõˡ
ѣȴǿеĸԼһҪԽǵʱԽֻܸ棬Ҳ˲쳣ʱ򷴵Ǻ˴ҡ
ѾŬѰһˣҲ֪ҵĽҽ߳Ҫźۼֲһ򵥵顣
Ǽ򵥵ĻֱӶȥͿˣҲвҡ
ûгɹ
Ŀڡ
ΪĸǿҲˮӣ漰ԼǸճӵİΣʱҲǻøļǿⷴӦٶȺ̬ҲǸǿӲ
ǻҪôʱ䣬һѰһֵġ
ô˵Ǻ˵Ҳûб粵Ϊ˵ʵ
ֻֻҽ߳ƴҲһöԸġ
ֻƴǿȴʵİҲǺýģ˻ĲѾĻ˾ʮ䵽ºϹǰвæֻﵽĿˣ
˼ĵ˵ͷ
Ҳá
ȷǻһЩʱģֻǻʺǧҪǵãǻϵҪǸճӵǵ׵ģܺúõİϷҪȥ
ôһ˹֣֮Ҳ׾ٵġ
˵㲻úõȥе˼ĻǺֹЦŵĿ£ȻʺǸճ̫ӵϷģҪǻϺͻʺʧԼСջС˸еĶҲ֮еɣ
أŻʺϻ۵ˣȻжϺѡģҲǶȻСʧģ
˻
صĺ˵Ļ˼ԡ
ȻºĺӵصĺȵģôҪϹ֮ǰõĳŵصĺ˱ǽԼȻջȥҲ֮еġ
ûа취׵ĺƴǺֻǶϹ˵ȷʵҪĶˡ
ҪҲ˵ľڵ
֪ˡ
ϴŲͷǹ˷ţȥǸں˴Ž˵ȥͻ¶ʱ˲쳣ô㲻ðĶˡ

˵ɡ
ʲô飿
ֻ֮һԷƴǺϹҲٶ˵ϻ˹˷ţϸܲû˸˭һ֮󣬱ڡ
ƴϱأ˵ĻʱҲѯʣǿ϶˵ȻʮȷҪϹ״ҪֻϹ̹׺ͽͰˡ
ƴǺϹӰ룬һݺܶ꣬ô˵Ϲˣ˽Լڶ˽˱ƴˣ
ϹеʲôԱĿԣϹαװҲӲƴǵ۾

1767 ˵ʵ

ϵϹʵֵ̫ģƴǺֻûʱȴǽºϹķӦĬĬļġ
ҵ˺ʵĻᣬҲֱ˵ˡ
ҵĹϵξͲö˵ˣʲôΪ֮ǲѵĿѵˣȴҲ𣿡
ƴƵĿ˵ĻīһĿ˸ž⣬·ܿϹһУϹҲѡ
ʦҡ
ϹֻԼ޿ɱ棡
ƴǣϹϰԵĽʦϹҲǽƴǿԼҪˣ
ƴǶ˵ʦѡ
ѣԼãʱԼı߰Լ˼ʦ
ƴǵĴڣϹ˵ҪʣǸŵĸΪҪƴǾˣִ˹ͷŽԶⱲӶֲˡ
ڿƴǰϬ֮£ϹǱ˳ȫһ㣬˫죬ȴĿεĿƴڵķ
ңҡʵǲ֪ôźá
ϹǰãȻģƴüĽȴ򴽵ȴϹӣԼ֮ǰ˵һ֮ɫء
ʦ˵ҾӦôѽ
ڲ֪·ǸµĶҩ
ϹЩȻҲ֪ҩΣȥ֮ʲôΣǵĸճĺҲѲǸصĺ˵ĿƣʱΣڵϦ
µ顣
ʦ˵ҵӦô죿
ϹŨŨϯͷǴƴǱܸܵϹãȻ
ǰҪǻ˭Ϲñ¡
ԭϹҸġ
˳ԼӣȴֻԼĺӡ
ʮ»̥ƽ¼̳ĽɽѪĻӡ
ӦһҸģ˭֪Ǹ˵ĳȴǴԭеһС
ûҸϹµѩϼ˪ǡ
ʱ䣬ºһֱھĵǴ档Ϲֺγһֱڼ尾У
еĸǵԼĺӺֻİΣ
ҪǸ˵˱˵вĻôϹ¸Ͳԥ˾һҪģǻǻŵʱȷʵҪġ
ΪίȫĻȥϻĶҪˡ
׿Լģʲôɥ鶼Լôص˶ᱳѡ
ǵĸճĺвºϹνĴߴߴ磬պþ˵ºϹڵ
ϹǵȴϣĿԼĺӱ
Ӷ˵ϣһ㣬һС
ƴϹһ֮öδĿصĿϹϹҲĬĴƴǵߣȴƴİ취ͬʱϹҲ˼ţôƽĻ֣е˶˺
ʲôһҪһƴǱĿϹˣǸҪˣплɵĶ󣿡
Ϊؼĵط
ҪһƵУô˽ԷݺĿĲС
Ǳ֪֪˲ܰս
ǵ֪ĻǲҪ˵ڵˡ
˵ҪץǸˣǸĪĺΪʲôҪݺֻΪʲôҪвϹµԭ򶼻Ȼ֪ˣ
Ϲ飬ͬƴ顣
ƴѯʵ֮£ϹҲֻãȻҡͷʱһ
Ӧʾʦǡ
ϹͻȻ鲻ԾԷǳֻȥģʲôҵĻҲӦֻĳҲǡ
룬Ϲʵʱƴͬҡͷ
ʱ֮ڣҲ
ƴʵ˵ţǸʵ̫ͻȻˣҪӺֻĪ
һ鶼ָƵƴҲǶʱڡ޷ǸϢ̸֮Դ𰸡ֹԵƴǵϵûйĵǡ
ȻҲ֪вǵĺ˾˭Ҫѯݲѡ
˵ʱƴǵı΢΢һĨȣڵ˫˸⣬ǰصģҲǿģϹʱ俴ϣ
ʦнİ취𣿡
ϹЩôʱ䣬Ĳѣȴʼû뵽һĽ취Ҳǳôʱ䣬û뵽Ϲոպƴ˵ڵ֮󣬻ûöʱأƴǱţи뵽ӦԵİ취

1768ºĻˣ

δҲٶ̫˰ɣ
쵽Ϲ治ţ
ѵ˵Ĳ
ʺƴֱ֮ûпɱԵģԣӦ˵رˡ
ܶ飬ƴֻҪԵһ룬˲뵽İ취һܽƯ黻ԼϵʱǱҪǧգпԼ߾ȫҲҲĺð취ġ
˺Ȼˡ

ϹƴǵҲɢŹģϹϸһɵĸо
ƴǵȷͳڵģһϹ㶼ɹȻԼ㣬ƴǺϹĹϵ׺񣬱ƴ㣬ϹҲǸŸ˵ģ
Ϲڴ֮£ƴǻĵͷа취
ֻҪ߳ܲ鿴Էʵݡ
㲻̫ġ
һܱǸճĺӣϵĶлͽڡ
ҽ߳Ȼǻæ⿪ڵĶġ
޲ߡҲץסǸݺǵĺˣóҩȻµġ
ƴǻڣοϹųŵʱϹȻ˲ù˷ܲѵĿƴǡ
ΪƴǶӰ룬ƴ˽ͬģϹҲʮ˽ƴǡ
ûаյĻƴǶȻóȻ꣬װ׸һƴǼȻֱԲ˵
ôƴǵѾ˽취Ҷ취ƴҲǺеĵģ
ȻԲô׵˵Լװ׵ĸһ
̫ˡ
ȱ֪ƴаĻֺαǷϣôʱգÿնҹ£У
Ӧֱ˵һƴ˵ʵ˽̹׵ģ
ʱϹеֻ޵ĺڡ
ƴǿһŵϹЦŵļ
а취
㲻̫ˡ
ʲôʱƭ㣿
ԣϹͷ⵹ǣƴǴһôʱ䣬ƴǴûƭҲûпº˵Ŵ󻰣
ҪôѣֻҪƴƶĸԼԣһôϹǵʹôϹ棬ǽƴǿԼ
һֳֵͳĴڡ
ֻҪƴڣ·ϹԶῴϣ
ƴ򴽲ټ˵ȥ
Ϲ
ҹɫĳվеȴԵԽ
˭ûΪǻɣдŵ˼ԽĻԾԶڳı֮󾿾Ӧʲô
ҹ
עǲƽģ

ԡ
Ӧ˵£ǲ̫ƽġ
·־ñغϣϾñط֡
ĹľѾά˼ʱ䣬ʵ ̫̫ˣ
Ҳǵ˴ֵĳ棬»ָʢˣ

Ӥ޳ڻ˯е
۾Ŵɫ͸϶бڷ䵱УЩůȰĿ߿ŴӴι̡
Ȼ
Ϊ̫ۣûʱ̫࣬ȡֱ֮ӻ˯ȥ
һҹϢָһЩ״̬˼ҪǱֻǡȴͻȻһΪҪ飬Ǿǡ
úõģΪʲô
ΪҪ顣
ѵ
ʯ֮䣬ͻȻһֲõ룬ι̵Ҳ󷢺ѵΪӵʱϰ˹
Զ岻֪Ӱ죬Ӱ
ǡʲôΣհɣ
ǷħһͻȻС첲˳
ʱԾԼⲻ˿ûм٣ԽĶ¡
ĺΪԼΪӰ쵽ֻ֮ҲΪԼϰ̥ͷӡ
ôĴۿе䣬Ǻڡ
ϸİѹ֮еĵҲǳɢˡ
Ǳȫһ㣬˲̱ˣ
Ϊײ㺦ģ
ۿеˮԽԽףĽڻУڱʲôϡ䱦һ㣺û£Ȼ׿ɾҲѴˣ
Щٺ£ǿ޵ġ
еȴãȻ֪ΪԱ˶ˣЦſſŵ
ջ潥˽Ųɻ֮ʣֻϤǵӰƿš
Ǻģ
Ļˣ
ģ˸žϲ⣬æ֮յˮϲŵҪӴҪȥӭӺģκΡȴǲֻڴϡ

1769ºûܵӰɣ

1769ºûܵӰɣ
ǺĵĽŲ죬ı̤뵽˷ڣǰС㣿
ǡ
ĵͬǴžϲģ첽Ĵӷ⵽ߣˣ
СС㻹Сү
ϲĴĻнӽ˹ıڻУǰĸ״ܵãչСҲǺоˡ
СС㣬Ҹֽ
ĿģҲźһеĺ档

Ŷ
С
СС㣬ūԺССҪչˣ
ĿɰģϲĲˣֻСССһǿɰкܶຢӸճʱǻͰ͵ģĲУȻĺӣȴǳðװ۵ģһ˫ˮĴ۾лϲ
ľ͸Ҫ˵ˣϲĲˡ
С㣬ôˣССƽ£Ȼū澿Ҫ˵İ
þãĲСĽĻУʱüѯ֮⼸ĵ
׼ǰҩ̸˼٣ǰģĻΪʱ㣬һ֮ͬ󣬿źӳмȥժҩ׬á
û뵽Ľϻʱȴһ
Ѿƽˡ
ҺСС㶼ûʲô飬ȻĻĿɾͻˡ
Ϊ˶׬ЩӶССǱǾ޴ʧˡ
һ˽𣿡
һ˳ʼվòšδЩ̫˾ˣҪһչ˺ԼͲˣ飬ûи˰Ҳеġ
߻С㣬ôö˶˵ͻȻأ
ʱ仹ǰ硣
иСС̽СС𣿡
ǧҪʲôźѽ
Ȼ⻰Ȼû˵涨ȻҲǴźͬɻģҲǲ֮ǰƹƳԸе̥Ӱ죬̥
̥ƽҲǻ彡Ӱġ
һůûбĻشźģѾѹˣ岢ûκε֮ǰΪҵɡ
ü˼Ƭ֮ЩεĿڣϾҵ屾ǺģĻѾǲеҵˡ
ǱסǰĿҲеġ
ôڣĵ˼ĵ˵ͷһ
֮ǰ̥ӣֱϼҵЩĥ˺ܶѪ򶼶պ󲻻ٻˣһƽȻǲеˡ
үⱲ̫࣬ԲŽӴ͸
ֻҪûбƳӰ죬պҲܽЩյӪƽƽֵĳɳˡ
ŵҲǳ׵ķŻص
С˰ɣҪҪūȥŪһЩԵģӣҪúõĵҪ²ģ
СС㻹Ҫˮأ
ЦᣬֻĶҪǺӸڻһ㣬Ǹĸоأ
ȻģǺĵȴһֽΪĸо
ã
ˣȻҶ֪ôźˣĵ˵ͷҲȷǾöˡ
ϧȴ̷˶ûС
Ļˣǿչͺˡ
ϣ
СԵȣ
ūȥ׼
ĴӦʹ죬ת˷֮ܿıֻصǰһͬģڵķˣǿɿڡ
ڼеֻöʱ֮ʳ
ã
Ⱳ㣬˵顣ԵķŸпǺܿıǾ˵У¿˵ԡ
Ⱳ㣬Ӧ˵˵ǣ
ǵŸ
һʼһֱܾˡ
˵ţҲǲɢŹô˵ĺܶԣĴںʹ͸ҵ˵أ
Ҳе滳ˣٵͻȻôĺڰæң㡭Ҳôļʱ
ɲǣ
ĽڻУæźӣԼЩޣҲûƴǡ
ɲС㣡
ССãһүľ˺ͱ϶Ÿĸأ
ǲѽСС㣿
ǲǣ
ĶҲʮֵϣںĵĻ㿩Ц˳Цࡣ
С㣬ūЩ׬˲ٵ㲻ˣúõչСС㣬֮и·ɣ

1770¿Ƶô

ŮӱͶĿܴ󣬸꺢ӵһ֮ڣ߶˷ģˣǻһӣһӶ޷׵Ȭġ
һӵʱҪǲܷʲô飬ĶԼˡ
ıʱˣټȥʱ׬˲ٵӣٴջһЩʱҲ׾ݡ
˺ĵĻ֮ҲǱʾͬ
ӵһµȷҪʱȷǲߣҪúõӵġ
ǹһ֮ȻһڻָУȴҪúõĶһǿ壬ȻǴ治̫Ҳǻкָġ
Ƕ·ҲǶ˳ĿģõѡҲһļˡ
֮ι̣ȵ˯˲̸Ļᡣ
ģĹѧˣѾƽˣɻҪι̣ڼ䣬Ҳ޷Ƴ档
Ϊһĸ׵ı֮Ҫúõչ˺ԼĺӣôҪһЩȫȫĽеעԼĺӵϡ
һԼҪҵĻȻǻΪ˺Ӷġ
߲ܹ棬ܼá
Լûа취ȴԽϣںĵϡ
ĺ˭Чһģǻúõıġ
ʵʱ򣬺ҲȷûʧЩĿС㡣
ūǰȥɽϲҩʱҲСŬУСū澵Щҩū澶ѾˣѾյĲˡ
ūҲץֻСӣСū澵Ǹҩơ
ū澻δü԰Ǹҩ޶򿪿Ƴʲôأ
պū澻ˣС㣬һ𿴿ū澵ΰɣ˵Ĺ򣬺ıǴӻͳСղŵչޣҼ̶һͬչ޸򿪡
Ļ֮ǰһֱƳСչ޶棬ûдʵ˵ʵĵҲ֪ʲô
˵ʱĵɫ΢죬Ŀȴڴġ
֮ǰΪûнӴҲ㲻֪ǿ滹ǵִƳ棬ܾùƳ治ʲôöǺ˵а
źԼĻʼӴ֮󣬺ŷĸ֮ǴĵҪŵֶѧá
ΪķְǹϵļأЩƳ治ǿԺˣͬҲǿԾ
ܶʱһЩҽûа취飬ƳиõЧ
Ҳףе鶼˫Եġ
Ǻ»ǻ£ǿЩıҪȥЩ˾Ǻûǻ
ЩǱźģôǼҲǺ¡
ǼĻôҲܻɻ¡
ֻҪĴѧϰƹƳɹ֮󲢲㺦ˣȥ˵ĻôƳҲǻõĺö
ô뷨ĵҲԽκϣϣܽѧãҲǸڴԼĿ϶
ͬģҲǶԺļΣκΪǶ˼ֱֶΣ
Ҳ㲻ټ߳ϵ׷ɱĴѵĺǹһ
ã
źصĵ˵ͷ˱ֽܷõСչ޸򿪣
ͺε֮£ش˺ǸƹƳǸСչޣֻһѪɫСѸ٣ۿɼǸСѾʹǰӲ̫һˡ
ɢѪ죬ͷСȴǾ
ǸƳߣŵȴһЩɵĲȱȫӵʬѪ
ҪƹƳҪѡıһϸĳ壬ѡһϸĳҪץܶСӡ
ܷһ棬ǻĿҧɱ
һӲΪʺϵġ
ȻһѾˣҿźѡǸСƺ棬һִûпƷ֡
Ҳһʱ֮䱻Ȥ
ģѡʲôѽ
ԴĿźĵȴ֮ĵĻش
ƹƳĻһ㶼ѡ߳һЩЩŹֵƹƳʱѡһЩͷر࣬Ϊ塣
һ߳඼ձ飬˿ҲϵõģɺĹװǿ쳣
һʶҲǶֳӳ棬ǰû
һֱǾǺ˵ץŵӶȻ
ʱƳĹƳҲġ
ıϿЩ˼ʵĽţСĻ
ū澲ȥǸҩǰȥҩʹɽժҩ𣿡

1771 ۹ȳ

ڵ˵˵ǽ۹ȳ档
ҩɭ֮ģտʳҩΪ
ĽԼһһʮĸϱͻȻ˼Ȼ
ѹ֡
ѹСӻǿأ˺ĵĻ֮󣬲ɵзһָпǻѽϵѭǱӦˬģ㶼ûƭˡ
С㣬⻰ʲô˼
ūôûأ
ЩãȻĸп
źĿصĿ˵ѰһЩӣԵĶޣƳʱ򣬼úܺõҩȥԲȴҲ޷ЩЧΪԵԵʻȥҩҴҩץЩӣȷʵСźܴĲġ
ʳЩҩĶҲǺĳӲͬ
ܵõĳƹƳĻؽƳɹ֮ʱЧӾˡ
ⲻأ˵⻰ʱǵĵȷȷźܴȷģ
ҲǴеģкܶ˱һҲǺѰҵõһΪĹƳ棬ҪƳҲǺܼѵ飬ǰ㣬ΪѰʺѪƵĹƳ棬ҲǺķ˽Ѫɡ
û뵽ŸոţãǰҵǣʺΪĹƳĳ塣
ģԭϵһ˵ģ㵱ʺƣΪġźĵĿɢŹԵ溣ĸˡ
𣿡
Ŀ֮ܺãЩĿ˸ŵĿչ߶ѪɫСӣ˰Ķ־
˵ʲôҲһҪڿŬùСһ֮⣬ҲԼôԸ
ġ
ģúĳɾͿǻ֮ϵġ
źļ䲻ŵĿ⣬ܻԼԺĵ֮Ŵһ˯ҲǶ˼Ȼ
ܺúõ֮Ƴ棬ҲãŽһʲôõ⣬ĴҲڽ׵һسʧ
Ҳӻбºչϱû۸Ǽˡ
ͺ˵ʱֻչСӺʲôӦһ㣬ȻͻȻĴչ˳ͺһʱûвֻСӱֱӰڵķ
ͺĿ𺳣˵ɴٴС
졭
졭ץסҪʲô
˵
ɺڵ岻ʣԶֽ۹ȳץǾԲйԭȥȥץǸ۹ȳģ
ֻԼĺɤУѪɫСжҪɤ⣬ҲǱСӸһ֮ǰҩҵСӵʱ򣬻ɡ
ҧͬ飬ȴҲδ飬ǺСչ޶͵ʵʵĴŵġ
û뵽Ȼ㲻ܿƣմչֱӳ˹ȥ⻹ˣ
һǸӤܵ˺
Ҳ˵Ƴ浽ûɣֻѰĳӣҲӤѽ
Ӥ̫һҧˣǿɾѰˡ
ĵŨŨĺڣ۹ȳ澿ôıǶôʺȥ۹ȳ棬Ҫ˺ССĻǱǻȥˣҲǾҪɱССģ
ҪССʲôʧҲˣ
ĺĶȥץǸȥСӣСȷʵٶȼ죬Ǳһ㣬Ķ˺ĺץֱֱĳȥ
˵ĳ˹ȵףΪǸСҪ˺һ˲䣬ĺ˻䣬иǾĿ⾼ֻСԱߣȴûټжȥûеǰҧ
ǡ
ͣΧȦ
ǻѵģǿʲôϲһ㡣
ĺ֪ĿոҪЩɫСӸץȴͻȻı⣬ס˺ġ
ȵȵȡ
Ҫʲô
üͷɵĿѪɫСӡ
ƳѪɫСӵ쳣Сȥ֮ûеȥ˺Ƕ졣
ЩԾ
Ѱʲô
Ȼ˵ֹס˺ĵĶʼû뿪ѪɫСӣȴҲδаֵĶǱ񾭽¾ѪɫСӣŪɳ׾ǸѪɫСȥ˺ˡ
ͬģҲʱ̱ž裬СһʲôٶҲǾԲôĿΣյģ

1772 Ҫʲô

ôһѣҲ˲䷢۹ȳ쳣ˣǲԾġ
ֻǸո۹ȳͻȻѸ٣˵ֵı˶ʧȥжϵֻҪȥ
֮󣬺ҲǺ˺ܶ࣬ĶһͬԼ壬һ˫۾ĿĶѪɫ۹ȳ档
˶ҪѪɫСӵҪʲô
ֻ۹ȳ˵ע֮£ȷֻΧתȦȷʵûаҪ˺˼
̽ͷ̽Եģȷʲôһ㡣
ȷѰҶģ
˹ˣһѪɫСӻδ׵ıɹƳ棬ʲôǣ
Ѱʲô
һճӤʲôֵСȥѰҵأ
ͺסع۲СӺ֮ı仯ʱֻСֹͣסǾشԡ
Һ״̬ŵţǰɵģϲͰһ㡣
Ѻͳٿ˵İûʲô
ĺСӵģ𾪵ˡ
⡭ôģ
Ƶ뾡һеİ취ȥƹƳ棬ͲЩƳںˣ۹ȳ治ǲðĶֱӾ͹ԹԵĻˣ
һʢ׳۵ĳ棿
ͺ໥ӣܴӱ˴˵п˴Ŀ𺳡
ϱ۾˯ҲܵСӵĴڻ۾ЦŵĿСӣС־ȻķСӵϣ˼ֻСӡ
Ѫɫ۹ȳ澹Ȼǰ
ͺĲɵǳ˳顣
Ҫ֮ǰûпƳһӵĻĻôڿС˵Ļֻó׵ˢۣǶ˵ƳΪָ߰Ѫ
ΪʲôǰСӾȻôԣö˻
һ㣿
϶˼¾͸˵Ҳˣ
ǰ۹ȳʵд𣿣
ĵడСǺĴҩһ·ΪôҩĲеģڽգû뵽СӾȻȻôĻ
ǺķѾ˼ģҵһùƳˣ
عĺĺЩЦˣЦſڣС㣬˵ǵССǴ̥ѧƹƳļɣ
ҪȻôܻСôСССĻأ
Ҫ֪ʲôûѽ
ҪѰʦܻԿƹƳһеı죬㲻ԼƳĹƳ棬ҪҲѡ
һУ˵ȴʹǸС˵Ļ
Ǵ̥ļܣҲֻôͲ˵ͨˡ
ı֮Ц̸
ǣ˵֮ͻȻô
С㣬С㣬ǲΪ֮ǰڻССʱϰƳ棬ССŻᣬ֮ǶԹƳܣ
ֻߣΪСǶƹƳģСС˵츳ЩӸ׽Ҳǻźܸģ
ĵѾֵĻɺͿܡ
ң˵ĻҲǺ޸ݵģǵĿܵġ
СӵӦͰǺǿģҪࡣ
һЩ飬ҪѧϰѧĻҪһʱʮһ²ѧĶһЩ츳ߵСֻǿһ۱˲ա
ı졣
ΪĸУܵƹƳ棬ӶԹƳĪϤĻôͺ˵һ𾪺ϲ飡
ӳʼҪˣ֮أ
츳˲ܻѶٵŬղģ
֮󣬳ɾͻ˵
ⱾǴ˵еġ
үͷԣ
˱Ҫˣ
ǰѵӰ𣿡
˺ĵĻ֮ҲǺϲЩŵĿڴޱȺгǰǸСӵĻ档
ͬʱеļǺ֮ģڶ֪Ƴ͹ǶôҪһҪʱóŵȥϰƳ档
һʼǶԹƳĪ׽ôҲζţϰƹƳٶȽȱ˻죬ЩѡƳҲĻĪ׽˵ĴڱһŹһ޵С
Ҳſܵġ
ĸƹƳģĸڻʱҲͬЩƳĽ
ڸеʱҲԹƳ˽⣬ģҲΪԭСӹֲĻ
޵ĸпš

1773 үͷ

ԭ˶ǹƽģΪ޾Ĵ֮Ҫȥʱүǻĸ㲹һЩ֮ǰȴò飬ֻǴľϲ
ͺڱˡ
֮ǰϼҼĿ֮£˵ǰһֱڱжȹġ
ûɣҲûԼϲãԼ˼ȥϲԼҪϲˣȥԼҪֻϼҼİڲ
ϼҼ˵ʲôҪʲôǴѾ͵ĺӣҲԲܷϼҼ˵ϲ˭Ҫϲ˭
ϼҼ˵ȥʲôҪȥʲôǳԼģԼȥƭƴǣǸ졣
ҲаԹԣÿÿˣǺأ
ͷˮһգҪõȨư㶼ûеõԼ壬ľƣ˺ۡ
ҪѰ·ʱȴͻȻ硣
ܶ˵ظԸģǶ˵ȴһͻȻǺڰ磬΢ĹâȥɢĺڰҸůĽӺڰԨʵ
Ȼ֮һЩڽ֮ģĸ֮䲻ִ
ܵ˵ᣬģҲ඼ҸĻ䣡
ھʱϵĺӣȫΪĸ׵Ը
һ·ϱȴܽеĺӱãƽĽװֵֻԼҸġ
ǰܵЩȫֵõģǹҪ֮ǰ˵Щ࣬ȻܺúõĽĺú͵ǰԲĸ׵Ρ
ÿÿʱ򶼻Ŀڴĵطڻһ㣬۷ۿɰĺӣãԼǴǰľôǰҲһҪֳᣬȡ
һõĶ͵ߣѾ֪ˣ
û뵽Ȼڽߵʱ򣬻һݴǾǣճȻԴЩƳ׽ЩƳı졣
ڵһӤʲôܽЩƳ̶ȡ
˶£ͺٴһ̵֮»˭Ķأ
ôʲôĳޣԼϣָҲϣġ
ҡ
ϣ飬Ҳпȵģ
õܲأ
ֻĻŭţĺĵ֣ѹ޵ļģʱˣȣСɡ
Ȼú͹Ƴ׽飬һҪȱĽӴƳ棬ڲ֪Σʱ˷Ҫߵġ
ǸˣͬʱΪǵЩڰʱ̶ҵЩˣЩ˱ͱ޳ܣɵһֱ׷ɱԼͺģһԲ˱ҪҵĵӵС
ҵЩ֪ı죬ҲκεɣҪ׵ΪЩҪ˸Ĺˣ
൱ڿδĹЩĹƳ档
ջ󣬱ĸ׶ñѣֺοЩɥĲܾܾģ
ǣС㡣
ĶĽСջչ޵УץסʱСӻǲģΪܼˣ
û
ϧСֻںĵţһ֮ǱĶѸٵĽչܷá
ĿؿС㣬İɡ
СС㻹δ˶֮ǰūһһ𣬰ССػܵġ
Ȼñ׿̽ССеܣȻСС֡
˵֣أһӾ֮Щǲ˵ֻ飬ıѾܲ³еĹˡ
šǷģҲȻţĸݺ
ֻĻ㲻òΪƻˡ
֮ǰδǺúõǵĳɳһΪûа취ԼĸһӶɼˡ
ڣԼŮǰ˵ʲôصޣߵԼߵ·ֱӽܹĿˣ
ԡ
û㽫׵ڣҪúõãӦܺúõĸ֪ͯ겻ô£ԼԸ

1774 úñ

ҪȥƴǺֻ֮⣬Ǵ˵еҡҲǽ˼
ͷһΣǸҵͷ
˵ҲҵĵӣҲ൱Ҽ̳Ȩġ
ƾʲôΪ֮ʱ츳߱㱻Ҹϳһ·һֱá
ʱΪң
񽭳ҲҵѪҵĺӡ
ܣЩĺ˵ҪΪڣϾŴ̥Ʊ죬ǵġ
ҲôûУҲô׷ϲϵġ
˼֮䣬ѾҲע⣬ĬĬ˵
磬İɡ
Ҫû취ɣģһúõǵŮ
ŽһգǵŮǰȥңΪֻعЩӦõģõõģǷģҶһֻ
ϱ
ĵû˼ô࣬Ĵǰڱ֣û̫Ȩ׷𣬸û̫Ұġ
һֻźúչȻ˵Ϣһʱ֮лصˮ壬ȥƽֳʵıǻޱȵˣ
˺ˣģǻӦҪУջƮԶ˼ܶôΰҪΪ׶ǳ
ĺʲôôɵ󣡣
µУҪͺһͬܶġ
С㣬ȥҩɽϲҩʱҩϰ˵ˣҩǿѡԼֹǮ˵ɽϲҩʱ򣬺ıĿɢŹǸˡ
ҩĶ˵ҪȥԼǮ֣ǲ㣬ʱ˽˳۶ҪһЩ۸ģҩϰ˵ЩδӹҩĶûʲôǮģǷΪ̱ؼ׼򣬿Ƕں֣Ҫ׬Ǯȥҩĵ˵
ȴǼ˸ˣ
ū˺ЩҩĻδһʱҪ׼ҩƹƳ鶼óˣ
Ŀźģ⺣ĵΪҲڴѣȻԼԶ֣ǿźҲǺõģ
˵˲ǸЩ

ʱ
߳Ѿ˱ıԵ
ǲҵǰȥѰӣͺ˵ټ
˾ͺǴ˼һ
ټѰá
߳ϰ͵͵ǰȥ˳ҲһѲǴ˼ʧˣ
аţ
̫ôаˣ
ģ
Ů˵ǲʲôط
ܲ˼˰ɣ
߳ŭ𣬸һҵԵϡ
飡
ֱߵľ˲˼ڵϣ߳ϵɫȴûΪЩӺ˶٣Խ
ЩҵĵһǲҴ
峤ѶЩǳĿ߳ϣ˵ߣǻȥ
˻
ʲô
߳䳤ϵĻ֮ϵŭʱûˣʶĳһ˲λվĿ𺳵Ŀ峤ϣеŭҲȫʧˣ׼ȷ˵ڵ߳ϵʣµľȫǽź͵ǵģ
ʵ߳峤⻰֮ǿܵġ
ȥȥ
ʱȥȴľֻ·һˣϾĴôʧýָͷ붼ĵҼ˻һʱɫöôѿ
ɫϿĻЩҲȻǲк³ġ
߳ԸѰͺСˡ
ҲǵټÿγѰҵʱ߳϶ҪͺСһ
ɺô߳žԵĵλߵҲû˸ûʲôΣա
Ǻ
žǺ£
ǻصңҼǰ߳ϱǹģҲδػܱԭˣ
ǲ࣡
Ϻ͵µĲ࣡
Ĳ࣡
˭¶ԥѡ߰ɣ
߳ϵǵдΪѵˣһ 䳤ϣ磬˵ô죿
ѵҪԹԵ־ܣ
ôȥǰü𣿡
߳ϲĵؼžǿ峤ϵıҲδٺתͬĿصĿ߳ϣʵĻشţûа취
ҪǻȥǶ㵽ĺҲǶ㲻׷ٵġ

1775 ĵ濹

䵽ʱ򱻼׽ȥȥ˵ǻǰһ˿ĴܣܼǲܺúõĻȥĻҲǻǸʹ죬ܺùҪЩзɡ
߳ϲȥ峤ϵҲͬǿܣֺγҪȥ
ϧ峤Ҳûа취
峤Ͻŵʱ򣬱Ѿźŵĵӣڷбֻʣ峤Ϻֵ߳ˡ
˵ʱҲû̫Ĺ˼ɣǾ䶼˵滰ʵʵô峤߳ϵļ
ߣ綼ҪȥԵġ
ʱҲûõġ
˶ҵЩ뷨֪˴ҵˣ޷ԭµĻôҵļֱ˵ҪǵѡǶڹƳأЩƵĹƳдݲУʵ̫ˡ
һȥͷ˲Ị̇Ҽ̷˴޷ԭµҵӶڹƳأȷʵֶμ̵ġ
˱¹Ƴصʱ򣬹ǿһ֮Ƴ棬ëȻȻһ޴ĥʹݻˡ
ЩƳڸտʼҧ˵ʱ򲢲ֱɥǻʧȥжǹƳ档
ĿЩƳһһڵĳԵԼѪԼǸʱ򲻹Ӿϻ϶һ־޴ĳʵһѰ׹ǡ
ɱҲҼΪˡ
ΪԭҲ˵ҵǼĵļɵ
һܣЩ˶뷸ȥҼԼ˸³

峤Ϻ߳ε̾˿
ȻǼ俹ҪĻҵģҲûа취飺ұǺһͬȥɣǼҪͷǣǰԼ˽ԼԼˡ
߳Ͽɲܣˣļ˴ұûκεĻ·ˣǰʵҵֱ鲼ĹС
ܵʲôطҼģ䵽ʱץԼӧĻصҡ
Ȩ֮峤Ҳεĵ˵ͷ
򵥵ĺ峤˺Ϊ֮߳Ϻ峤ϱѸٻصѩҵľڡ
Ȼ׵̤Ҵŵʱȷʵǰľ𺳵ˡ
ûеҼǰıϵĿе飬Ҳûаֵ֮ǵв֮ڣЩ˶Լ
߳Ϻ峤Ϸǿ۵İס
ȫǹ˰籣ϱ鰧ǰģ
ʽ߳Ϻ峤ʱһֲõԤС
⡭
Ǽʲô𣿡
߳Ϻ峤𺳣ӴŵôԶľ뵱УλϵѾֵĿˣ
ҲǲͣƬ̣첽ĳŴȥ˵˴֮ڣǴŵĹʱ𾪵Ĳˡ
õİ׼Ǳ˵ģǸģ
ǱѰ޹ôĻȴҲӰ
үпܼ̳нҵЩҵү
˵ʵ峤Ϻ֮߳ǰǶŲСԹģҪ޶ǸʲôͺĸصСƫԺ档Ͳַᷢͺ˷Żɽôص飬ҲǼȴűˡ
ǼҴҵĸϻǿʱ
ٺõԣҲǶȻûжʱھͽʵ뷨ˣ߳ϳץסһҵӳʵ⵽ô£
ΪʲôҪүɥ񣿡
ү𣿡
ôģ
ˣ
һЩЩϲ֪Ӻοʼش߳Ϻ峤ˡ
߳ЩͷؽǸ·ŻصϣһԼߴٵ˵˵ұɱ㡣
߳ϻһἱҴҵӣǱͱͻȻֵ߳Ϻ峤ϸ嵽ˣǸҵĵӺܿǷӦĳŽŵ߳Ϻ峤Ϲ˵
λϵĻɥǷүġ
үǰʱڳˣ
˻
ˣѾˣڡ

߳Ϻ䳤ϵٵǰҵĵݳϢѾ𺳵Ĳˣ
ͬǣǿ֪үΪʲô𣿡
֪֪үǱΪ
书͵ģΪҵճݵĴүΪ˳ҵļ֮λѡ֮һȴҵ֮⣬Ǳ츳ҲǼߵģ书Ȼڻˣ

1776 ˣ

ôҵЩ˳
񡭡
ȻôĪͻȻ
ǽ׵Ľܲˣ
Ҫ߳Ϻ峤¾ڴ֮ڣ۵ذ籣߳Ϻ峤һúõıҵĵӣôССͲѧ۾˵Ϲأ
߳Ϻ峤ۿõĸߺͰ籵ģҲǵıˣҵС˵Ļ̫ţ߳Ϻ峤϶ǲòˣ
ȽҵĵӵǺܿıǷӦش˵СҲǲֻ̫֪үʬڳĻʳھġ
ŻΪǡûʳũֲʱ˲Ծ
ȻҪҵүʬҲ¡
ҵĵ˵ʱ꣬黻ˣҲǻ𾪲ѵģҵĵճүҪж⣬ҪǿƱǿơ
һӿˮ泤ܾһжҪԼⱲӺǴˮ泤һ㣬ʲôҪҲҪԼȥѾĻĳı
һʼеһжǰһʼʲôˣ
˶˵Ͷ̥ǶôҪһ֡
ϧ
ϧ˭õôˣôҵķˣ岻ġ
˵Ҳˡ
ǧʬ尲ʱǧû˼ЩũὫطʬ
ֻ򵥵ǽʬ򵥵˷־Ϳˡ

עɣ
ҵĵʵؽ֪߳Ϻ峤ϣ߳Ϻ峤ȴǱҵ㱨𾪵ĲС
ҵĴүͻȻҲͰˣȻң
ȥʲôѽ
С˭ôĵӣȻɱҵĴүǲǹҵ˹ȥ𣿣
Ǿ˭Ŀ֪𣿡
߳Ϻ峤ϵĹע㶼棬ܹҪҵˣȻǲܱѩޡ
ԩͷծ޵ĺҲ޴й
߳Ϻ峤ϵʱǰҵĵȴҡҡͷʵĻشСı㲻֪ˣҪ֪ġ
СֻǷү顣
߳Ϻ峤Բɵ໥һۣǴӶԷп𺳣ҲǶˣԷûȷ˵˼
鵽ھͺˣٻ
ΪûܿסŹƳĴɽ˷˻𣬼ҪǣΪүɥ¡
ڼסҲȻŭټĵһͬıŽӦѩ޲ǡ
Ϊҵճүһʼ֮ʱء
סǱмĻеϣϣָܳͷأҵΡ
ǴԻ͵ʱҲǺеճĻӵǻ̳лλ
ˣճݱǱ
ǰûеճĻӼ̳лλΪЩճĻ̫ӹŵܣò˸ǲŻǶһĴڣô׵ˣ˭ֵĶ֪
ڶҼ׵ȥ
ǲָ츲ǶȻݵģ
Ƭ̵Ĺ߳Ϻ峤ϵѾͬκһˣڿٵ˼ţ֮Ӧ˵ʲôȥ˵
ˣ֪ˣûˣ°ɡ峤ϰ˰֣ǵ˻֮Ӧˡ
߳Ϻ峤ϵıȴûлͶ٣üĽԥһ֮ٶȳǴ֮ڽȥ
ȥȻĺеһ滹ЩϣҲȫӸط˻Ҹѩ̫ǰȥǸҾųϲڳ֮⣬˶ۼ
Ĳһ£
ҼҲ֮ǰֻƴǸصͷ
صͷʱʹףĿ£
״ˡ
ѾȥˣǶ뿴飬ϻҪעԼ壬Ī̫˶Լء
ڷĳЩ岮һ߾ȫȥȻǲôȪģҶҲڵҴϻһȦ֮ǰߵĿڡ

1777 ͷӷ

֮ǰһҴǶҴϵλãӦĳΪڵҴϡ
ҲЩĳһͷã
ͼҼȻװ˱ʹӣҴϵҲЩҵġ
ǸҲԼĶӡ
һۣҴϵ棬ֻǰ㶼ۣ㶼ˣΪˡ
˾ˡ
˸á
ŵʱҪռλã˳ʧȥ̳лλϣǳʧȥҼĻĵĻᡣ
˷ǸԼֵܵĶŲһλá
˵ĶҲ˾ϣҪù֮ǰ϶ϣҪõĶˡ
ⲻ֪Ҵ˸뷨ڸոճڰοҼʱ򣬱㵱ҼĿƳһۡ
أأأ
ҼĺҴϵؿڴ˲㽫Ҵϵһԣصˤڵϡ
ڡ
ҴһѪ˳Ŀ𺳵ĿҼ
ףʲô
ҴŴӵҼиǲģĺİοҼҼҲͰˣȻֹʲô
ѵҼ۾͵ôص
ΪΨһһճĶˣֻôһճбǳ֮⣬Ҳݲˡ
˲ηֺãԶǲֵǮģڿѹʱοʸҲûУҲҪѵ
磬磡
𺳵ĲֹҴôһˣҵҲȫˣû뵽ҼͻȻôһ£׷׽ŵĿҴϣҪǰȥȴҼϲ׵Ķ֡
˭֪Ƿʲô飬ҼŭĪ
ΪϲӲ
ǵģȷЩԩˣڶǲ֪˭µ֣ʬǰĻЩũļ̤Ҫҵ߱鲼Ĺ֮ڣʱķֲԾĵطʬ˻
¾ʬ屻ҰҲ֪
ΪҲǸݺˣûа취ҼļϵǸӱҼҪеŭȫŪڱ˵
ֳ飬ֹҴ濴ҼǲģĳڿҼҲ΢΢˱仯
Ͼǲͬһϵƣһپ٣һҼƫĵĻôֻҴûл·ĳҲǾٲά裬պӺǼ尾
ҴϵĲĵָ֮ҼȴЦŵĿҴǲĵáΪҲ֪˶Ǳʲô˼οҵģ˵㲻ʲô˵飬һһĸŸˣ
ϿʹĲѣʵϱ﾿ڸ˻ңȻҶ˵˰ɣ
ȻҵҵǰֳֻǴ㻹Ҫ㡣
ǧĺ꣬˭˭ի
Ҽ͵ʱѾ̫̬ºܶ໰ҴϵĵȷȷǲûбֳģȴҼġ
Ҽ֮ĶŭֻΪҼĲӣɽ𻢵ĳɷеģ
ȻǺͳѲĹϵҵЩҲδֽŸɾġ
ңһֱһдڵģ
Ҽͺܲϲ
ݵһˣȻҪõҵһУңƤӵ±ɣֱǳΣ
ǰƺڣƺ˲ˣҼҲǾԲһ˶
Ҳǰƺ֮ġ
Ϊ岮ȴûڷ̷֮飬ҵǰװģ޿еı¡
ô
滹ǲ𣿡
Ҽ£ֳҴϺݺݵ˼ţƵһ˫ȴĿϡ
ҴĲģҼô˵һ֮˲ʧӰ٣ǱҼʹһ㡣
ǡ
Ҽ˵ĻȷûģֻҴңĳҲЩˡ
ֻǲһǸˣǶǱ͵͵ķģ˭׵˵Լ֪ͺˡ
ֻ᲻Դ
Ҽôֱ׵ĸָڴҴΪףʣµЩҵĳҲ鲻̧ͷֱҼ
ҼʵʱЩҵĳǿҼ׷תĿ⡣
ҼٿشλվվŵЩǣŭ

1778 ǵС˼

Ȼ˵УЩСҲҪʮˣһޣгһҵһƬҵ۰ٱ
Ҽǰ󱲣Ǻһ㡣
ǰķ⣬Ҽǰȴܽһ˼ͨ͸ҼǰЩ˵˼Ǻĳ̶ȡ
Ϊͷʹˣ㲻֪Щ㡣
ܷǺΪضҪ̽Ҿ̤ҵϡ
ҼЩǵϴţϸǲݿܣˣǱǲϧһдҪǸѪĽѵ
ãҷеĳһŷ˳۲ŶԷµ֡
ǵĺԻ˸ң֪𣿣
ҼڣϵıһĪϣĻ˼ԣҪǸݺˣҲǰ˸ɱ˱ϼͬһһͬһ¶⣬Ҫڲĸʲô˼ȥݺĻô˭Ȼң
ҼΪ׼򣡣
û¶ȻɵģЩҵĳǱҼѵ֮󣬽ʵʵģκ壬ĳҼ֣ǣ˵Ķԡ
ǣ˵Ķԡ
ҵЩǣЩҼӣЩҼֵĶӡ
һ߾ȫȥ˭ݺ˷һүѩ޵ġ
ǵΪ˼룬ӲҼ˫ۡ
ͷ֮һҼ֮λҹľȻԼֶκͱµģ׼̤ϣҲ޷׺ġ
֮ǰвҼһƵҴϣ˿Ҳǲκε壬ĳǰĳҼ
׽̻壬Ⱥǲ
ˣǶȥɡ
ҼԸԼҪ£־ЩҵĳǣǺķ̲סִߴ뿪ң˵ˣ֮ǰҼôľ֮󣬱ǻʶľЩ˶ۼһʵ̫ˣ
ԼһҪ徻Ķˣ
峤Ϻ߳ϲɵһֻԼӹһ٣ֻǴ˾湧ؿҼ˵ʱ߳Ϻ峤ϱúֻƬ̹ǽ˵Ūʪˡ
⣬ΪԼƽĶȹʱҼͻȻڣסҪȥˡ
ߣ
лҪˡ
Ҽ΢̧Ƥ˵Ļ峤Ϻ߳ıɫ
⡭
峤Ϻ߳Ҽ㵥ڽ˵ֵʱ浱㿩һ
Ǻòȥĺٶ˵ĺ
ڻشǵʱҲ޵ꡣ
ĳǲԿĵˣķ׷뿪ڣʱֻʣµҼ߳ϻ峤ˣҲĪĸѹ
߳Ϻ峤رĬģҼǱֱӹҼǰ
ظ׵ĻǸûܺúõĿغǴɽʧ
ܸôǣǶǾԹԵġ
Լϴ߳Ϻ峤ȱеġ
߳Ϻ峤ʦ˵ԼĻ֮㽫ͷ͵ļͣȥֱҼϵı顣
ҼޱȵȴҼÿһÿһ룬ʮּ尾ûϣĸоǽץġ
Ϊˣľ򡣡
룬߳Ϻ峤ϾԼڽӵʱҼ˵Ļȴûаŭģǣƽ
ͷѵҴϵǽȻͬġ
һ£ǳ׵߳Ϻ峤ЩãȻˡ
ף˼ǡ
߳Ϻ䳤ĶһۣҲûܴӶԷпȻ󣬻峤ԥǰƬ֮󿪿ڵӴ˴븸ʾ
ҼҲûйĺ峤ϻ߳϶ȦӣĵĿ˵ɽǷҼʮѪôϺõĹƳ棬ǿ֪ЩƳмΣ
߳Ϻ峤ϺǷ˴ĺһԼĳ̵ѵ⣬аֵı粵
Ҽɵһ

1779 һĻᣨ1

߳Ϻ峤ĵͷȥӦҼĻǵȻ֪һɽϵĹƳ澿ǼֵΣǸ˶ٵѪͶҩĲڵĳɾ͡
ǵȷҲ飬ҼҪͷǵĻҲǾûκġ
ֻҼһֱŲ˵ͷĽ˾飡

ǲ룬Ҽֻǳ߳Ϻ峤ϼ䣬ȴδ˫Ƶۿ£һ˫۾ֻ΢ŵش߳Ϻ峤ˡ
߳Ϻ峤бԽñҼעӵһ򣬾ѾˣʵǾϵĥϵĥʹ࣬޷׵Ľܡ
Ͼϵʹ׼ģǵܵ˳ͷҲûʲô󲻹۰ˣ⾫ϵĥȴʱʱ̶̿ڴݲǵ־
Ϊ˲֪ҼʲôʱҪ֣Ҫô֡
ΪԽ֪Խ¡
˶֪Ŀ־ǻӱģԽ֪ԽҪʱ̶񾭣СĽš

߳Ϻ峤վǳܲסľѹȣĲţ˫ֳҼ˹㿪ڣʵף㡭ôͷǣ
ͷ
룬߳Ϻ峤ʮʳ仰ʱõģҼĻش
Ҽۿ߳Ϻ峤ϣΪһҵˣ檳Ⱥ͸ö˵ˣĶӾжʮ͸Ҫ˵ˣҪͷص˴ڣ߳Ϻ峤һеλģҼǰȷʵֵһᡣ
ŵû˶νģҪҼҪɱ˵ĻͲ÷Ѵֱ֮ӶˣܸڣվԼǰʾôõĻ᣿
Ц
֮ҼûзҲûдˣΪҼ峤Ϻ߳õġ
ĹǲҶ˵ҲӦ֪ģһĻǵǰֻҪܰãôһɽϵĹƳʧϷ㲻Ǽƽˡ
ҼϿ飬ȴЩأ˵УһɽϵĹƳǼֵǧֺķ˲ٵѪģǶҼ˵һɽϵĹƳ治ǱɽһǣҼȻҰҪֺͼôƳǲɻȱģһҪĵơ
Ҽôֻܾһɽ
ôܾôĵĽеĹƳ涼һɽţ
߳Ϻ峤صŹƳɽٽѩдССʮɽ͸Ҫ˵ҵɽҲŹƳˡ
ʧһɽĹƳ棬ȷ˵ǸСʧʧҲ޷׳ܵġ
ҪҪ߳Ϻ峤ϻҪҼġ
ȫƾҼһ֮䣬ҼǾ߳Ϻ峤Ϻôô߳Ϻ峤ϱǱɣҼõ峤Ϻ߳ôģôǷٴĹҼҲǿʱԭ£ǻǽġ
㣬ҼֻɫȻ˵ô仰߳Ϻ峤˵⣡
߳Ϻ峤ϺǼ໥һۣϵıϲ븸ʾ
ҼôڵĻ
Ҳ˵峤Ϻ߳ǲˣ
Ȼǲˣöزصģһֵø˵飿
Ҽ߳Ϻ峤ϵķӦ⣬ϵĿ˵ŷ֮ǰȥһеŮӣ¿ɵ棿
ҼĿƣ˵⻰ʱ򣬸߳Ϻ峤ϻһ
̶˱˲ҼΪλˡ
ΣͻȻҵϵѪ˲û˼̳С
ǰȴδȢޣΨһϣ̳ҵճѪǸǰԺߵǸеŮӡ
ǸŮϻģѪ˵ĻҲôģö˶˵ģһеŮӴȥԼԺŸʲô
ŵĺӣĹѪǸкĻôһܺõĵϵѪ
һ˵ŵǸӲģôҲҪ
ǸӣҼǿƺԲ󵽺޷Ƶĳ̶ȡ

1780 һĻᣨ2

Թǽƺ֮ģֻбƽ⣬λ
ڵҼһ㣬ȻеʱҲȴ̶ܴϲϣ󳬹ϣһԼδ֮ʱԼԼϣҼŻٰķ
ǻ߳Ϻ峤ϵΪģϣ߳Ϻ峤ܽǸǰȥСԺҵ
˳ڽеĺӸӻҼƺ֮ǿԼˣ

ҼȷЩϧġ
Լ۹ĺӣҲԼϣĺӣ
ǵճݲֻǴλʵ۵ԸҼԸֻϧ
ð
߹ݣ书˵һҲǲΪġ
һߵĺƣȴܱġ
һͿأ
ǲã
Ϊ̫ˣҼеѹҲûж٣󲻹δ̳м֮λûҲûˣҪǵҵļ֮õĻôѣʯҵѣ
ǵģף
߳Ϻ峤ҼʱصĵͷЩȻĿҼף˼ǡǡ
߳Ϻ峤ϻδü׵˵ˣҼֱ˵Ŀ˵
ҪǸŮˣʲôֶκͷöؽǸŮˣеĺƽƽĴҵǰģǶĸӸĻұ㲻׷ǵĹˡ
Ҽ󷽵˵仰߳Ϻ峤ȴǻŵ岻ʢмҼ
˵ 򵥵ļ仰һһ㣬ǸǴϣûҼķԸϺ峤Ҳǲܸۣ˵ʲôҪͺС˸ץģҼǲĵԼС׷ͺǶ˹ɣ᲻أ
ֱûڻˣ
߳Ϻ峤ϼػһ֮󣬱ǳϻ̳ϿֵĹҼǰصĳҼͷģҺ粻ܸĴۣöѪػὫǸŮ˴صߣͺúõǵĺϢɡ
Ҽһ߳Ϻ峤ϵķӦͱ⣬һ˵ͷƤЩͷض˿˵
ˣûʲôˣץȥɡ
Ҹǰ˷ʱ䡣
ҼЩͷˣҵĺ󱲵ȷǺܶ࣬Ʒ֮ҵĵӱĴĻɱĸɾǾ֣˰ʱ䣬ұ׳˵ĳ̶ȣѪҲûбϡһ顣
ֻǡ
ȷռƵġ
ȴǳҼź
ЩǶô˲űĪ˵ǻʵ㣬үͳҲǾܸɣٿڵЩҵĵӡ
ֻܸģĸбµģ
һһҼ⣬ֻϧݻҼ黳

ôûиʮȫʮˣҼأ
ҼĪķ꣡
ǣǣǣȥ
߳Ϻ峤ϵΪҼ㲻ͷеδһĳҼͷ
ȻӰߵĸѸ٣ܷܷһڣ˽лȥĴһ
ѰͺĶ˵ֱص飬ҲȥѰͺġ
˴ţûҼѹ߳Ϻ峤ϣ߳Ϻ峤ΧĿǸ£ر˳磬û뵽ǾȻܶһ١
ºˣǿԹȥѰӺСˣΣ˵ʲôҪ˸ץ
߳Ҳû룬õس峤ϿڣһĦȭƣԾԾԵĸоˣ
ͺСѾͷҲʵǽƻģö֮ҵĵӴģѲ֮»ĵˮ©ȷиսԵģ
սԵһҲ£
պñǹ߳ϵĶ־ûлúõĺСѾͷһأ
û뵽Ҽֱ˵ĸôõĻᣬ˵ס

1781 ֦ͷ

߳ˣ峤ϵȷʵδ٣ЩĿ߳ϣߣ״˵˼ѵû𣿡
ţʲô˼
߳ϱ峤ôѯ֮󵽵ȷǱסˡ
ҼȥѰͺС
ʲô˼
߳ĺǵ峤ϵ˼ȷʵҪȵĶ࣬ҲǱ߳϶Ķˡ
峤ϴٽüͷƬ֮󣬱㿪˵еġ
ȴȥõĴеĺҲҪǽеĺӿǴүѪ
⻹˵ã
峤㿪֮߳߳Ҳ˲㶮ˡ
߳ϵɴ˫ۣЩŵĿ峤ϣ磬˼˵˵
ʣµĻ߳ûֱ˵峤ȷʵ߳ϵĻкˡ
峤ϳ߳ϵ˵ͷǡ
׺пܶǺίΣ
ǸŮҪһ㣬̥̥ĻǽҵֽЩ仯ǴϴҲ˵
峤ϵЩп߳ϵĺͿ峤ϴʼնǿĺͨ͸
峤ϺޱĽԼ뷨֮߳߳Ҳ峤Ͽڵ˲䣬ҼǺ˼
ҼҪ̧Ǹ̥еĺˡ
νĵռһ˳ˡ
ܣҼ˵˭ǵճ˭ǵճ˵˭˭ûޣҼ̧еĺӡ
ôѾˣҼҲ޸ճӡ
ҲеĺӣҲȻĳΪһĵճӡ
ʱ򡭡
ǺŽ׳
ǱȲ
ǱȲȴҲûбݱʲôطˣ
ҪҼǸӸĻôľӪһеҪǸӣҪһȣرǵѹͷϣ˴
뵽⣬߳Ϻ峤ôһ˲Щġ
֪һܶҪϢ֮󣬻ôһʵɫ仯
߳ջƮԶ˼ڻͬ˵ʱԼѱأʲôʸȥͬˣ
ԣ˼ǣ
峤˵˼֮߳ϺԼԼĿˣ滹ǲȷԱ̽ŵĿ峤ϡ
ȴ峤ϵİ嶨
峤߳εԼʱ򣬸ǺޱĽԼ뷨߳ϡ
ֵ˱һĸͬ
Ϊһͬɽദʱܶ࣬׺
һپ٣һҪ˭ΪվλöɥʧĻǶһ˵ҲʮʧԵǰҶ峤Ҳûκε˽ģʵؽԼĿ߳ϡ
ҲµûдĻЩ̧ŮˣǸеĺӡĻǸŮ˻еĺӽռһλġ
պҪҵͺĵʱҪһ̬̬ˡ
߳Ŵ֪ͣģȵĿ峤ϡ
ǵģǵġ
ԺҪǼŮ˵ĻҪһĴǰ̬ȣǹĿŮˡ
ŮˣΪӵ˵ĻǵĵλҪǻߡ
߳ľеģֻЩ̾Ƿ֦ͷ˰
֮ǰǱҵ׷ŵӷת֮ǵõ׵Ŀ϶Ϊֿȵģδ֮λϣѡ
һݸԽǡ
߳Ϻ峤ϵпѡ
ˣ߰ɡ
ȻѾ߳ϣ峤ҲûҪ˵Ļ߳ϼ䣬Ҳҵʱ䡣
ǰǰʱûҵͺġ
ҼҪȥһʧܵĻôǴҲסˣ
һغ͵֪
˸ûˣֱԼ˽Լ
ã
߳صĵͷ˵ĽŲҴңһγ֮ǰڵǸСسǱȥֻһѰͺĵʱҪϸӽ
߳Ϻ峤ѰźĺʱҲǸ˴ǰǺ޲ɱ˵̬ȡ

1782 Ǵ

мֺõС
ǰֵ㲻ʲôֿȵݣԲŻᱻƵɽ˵Ҫ˭Ҳûվλ
ҲǾĶôˮȣ߳Ϻ峤Ҳûйȥһš
ʵϣֻԼ߳Ϻ峤ϲǲȥվλֻûлȥվλˣ
ںˣ
еĺҪܱӵĻôеĺʱ߳Ϻ峤ϸƽıȥĻ
ô
棬ǻӵĸмԼ
վλҲǲԶˣ
֮ǰľԼҪˣһ߳Ϻ峤ϲľԼǹɽһ
һȥĸǣǿϣ
һֱǵڹȵˣ
ֻϧ
ĺ֪ҼĴ㣬Ҳ֪߳Ϻ峤ϵĴ㣬Ǽң߳Ϻ峤ûôżɱͺ֮ѰҲû˴ǰǰ
ڣͺĶԽҵЩҪץĺӰӣֱǳ˵ˣ

ڡ
ĿϵףȴվŵЩ̽ϢŵԼ㱨Ĺеϵıء
ղŲΪŵ֮󣬿ŲǱǰӵĳȻǶһõĥ£ʱǽ
ĻķԸ֮ǱĹϢ֮̽Ƿ֣ʵ»ʵǻᡣ
ѩУɳʹǰȥ磬ڵ֡
ǰȥѡʹġ
ǰŵŵĵϱأǲʹ̫ϻʺ̫ɵˣǻϺͻʺԹȥѩҲδҪ̳лλ̫Ӻ̫ͬС
ĻϱʱҪӭȢʺˣЩ˿ܻһЩʱ䡣
Ƕʱ޷뿪ˡ
ЩŵĵԼ֪֮̽һһʮĻ㱨˲롣
Щ˵Ļ㱨֮ϵıҲøأ
Ϣ
Ȼ
Ȼ뻹˴۵Ϣ
۵ϢʱЩǰȥϢŵĵϵıҲҪİ࣬Ų뻺ҡҡͷĻǲδ鵽ϼҼϢ
Ҫ̽ȥ𣿡
ŵĵ̧ͷŲ룬ȴŲ÷ʩ
ʵѰôã˶֪ʧˡ
ҪôʲôΣҪôģ֮һܶʱ֮ǾԲŵġ
㲻벻ģǲڶŵĵǰȥѰҲǺѰȥҲûʲôôˣ
ǲΣѵʱΣŽˮ֮С
ŵЩ˵һŲڣҲŸģܺúõúõľӪš
ԣԲҪʱһ߾ȫȥҲûϣֻҪǲµǾ;ԲκεԹԣʱӲ
һŵЩûгȰǲڣˡ
˰ɣЩ̽Ϣĵӻɡ
˵ʱҲ΢΢żįġ
ǵãȵ۵Ϣ
֮£뵣ټѰȥᵢ飬Ҳͽ޹㲻ټȥˣЩˣʰö׷һͬǰȥҪҪ
ô֣ҪԼϽȥѰƴǺֻĻǻĵˡ
Ҳա
벻ŵ̾һ֮ϵı
ЩŵĵҲִѰ֮󣬻ǼĳŲ빰˹֣ǣǽ֮
ЩŵĵӴӦʹ죬ֱӿٵ˳ãղҪȥ׼ܿ졣һ˱ǿӱ޵ĴŸϳֱֱı
ĬĬĶԼ˵š
ۣϣͻȻ뿪ǳʲô⣬ʱıŲߵġ
ǧҪ£
ʵʱ䲻֮һֱûзȥѰۣΪҲ֪
ͻȻĲǶ𣬿ʲôԿ˷Σգ
ǾԲ׵뿪ģ֮Ĺϵòƶ˵Ļ

1783 ϣƽƽ

֮ԻͻȻߡ
Ҫ书ͻȻѲ˹ϵģ
ŵĹǱѰҲһͨ·Ϳߵġ
ǵ˶κŶεʱ򣬱ǸҪܵһ̶ȵĴ߶Ǽһ˵ܵһ̶ȵĴ̼ɳɹĽ
뿨ŶٳûнȴͻȻŶΣ
Ǻ̶ܴ˵ˣ
һܵʲô̼Ż书ͻȻߡ
ۣҲ㲻ܺ˵޷˽۵͸Ҫ˵æһˣ
Ϊ֮ƣģֻţǧҪʲô˲źã
ݣ
ĻӶԼеĳޣļӿ˸·ٶȡ
ͬʱҲڵţֻƴǧҲΣղźã

ڲһ˵ʧ֮ڵʱ
һӰįĴڳĿĿŲȥķ
ʼգûע⵽ĨӰĴڣû֪ĨӰʱ䲻һֱڿѰҵǸ
ۣ
ֻǣڵۣ͵͵͵Ժ۲ŲźܴĲͬ
ԣ
Ӧ˵ڵۺʹǰۣ˳һģһ֮⡭
ûаطʹǰƣ
ǰ۾ֻĽ̵֮Ѿ̶ܴȵϴĸ棬ˣ
۵ϲȥеҰԣɱԣѪҲʧˣת˻˵Цչ˵ۣ
ڣ
ţֻǴҴҵľһƳ˾۵͸©֮ۿŲȥıӰ񡭡
Ҳ𺡣
С˫ԭڵ˫ڲɺѪ˿ǿֲ¡
͸©Ϣһ˷
ָоۺǸոմӵһ㡭Ѫɷ֮
̫ˣ

ڡ
Ը˺׼ۺҪ飬ǰ֣صģ˲֪Ҫεĵۺ¡ٰ죬ҲҪһ󲻵Ҹŵ
ʹǳʱԺĴתת
һķ⣬ҲǼʶǿ
»ӦһҼҪ飬ܶ˶ѡԼʵҴţ±֪֮󣬶ԼҺǲǸһЩ˿ɳ֮
ǸǴ󵨡
ԼҵûаǴ󷽷ĽԼеһоö֮˹͡
һ̶ֳȣǵǶԼʵޱΣɽҲ޲ɣ
ҪĵĸĹңͳ֮սǿʢ

ĹеѾͲǵǸΪˣ
Ĺ֮еİ
ѩ̫Ӻ̫ǺܺĴͲιۣӪҲûзŹ
ǰǻЩʹǵУҪѩ̫Ӻ̫ΪСˣҲʱ̽ԼǺݣԼƣǺڲԼѩҰġ
ƴǺֻ֪˼ΣһֱѰŻᣬһܵĻʹһ̽Ļᡣ
ϾǻǸֻĸǱֵĻȻֻн뵽ʹӴܲ鿴ԶԶĿţֻܿ²ĻҲûˡ
ƴǺֻûıĹҵʹȥĹ飬˽ǽԼվУܵıž֣
ֻȳƴǿڡ
ƴǣǸʵҪ»ʺЩ죿
Ǹ»ʺòĸƣ׿ۣǸ»ʺݣҲֵֻģ
ʱƴǺֻҲԵЩԷġ
˵Ǹ»ʺǱˣǷϻʵߵǸ
ź֮ǰΪʱѰã׸ϻʵ۵ġ
ֻʵǷ˼
»ʵۿ»ʺʱǰĿ⣬Ҫ˵ˣҲһִǾǣǸǸ»ʺġ
޲ý¼õĶǻʺߣ˵ʱȴ˶ˡ
ȻǸǸ»ʺ͸ǰϻʵ۵ߵģ
ϲϲǸ»ʺģ
һϲһŮ˵Ļôܻ׵Ը⽫ˣ
Ů˲ܵõȨƸλˡ

1784 ͷ

ǹҪǸ»ʺ󻰣ΪεҪֽˣ
ڵװһģ
⾿ôĴ󣬲ĿԼŮڱ˵߳лֺã
ֵֻǣǴ⣬ҪŮƻǰϻʵۣҵ˼ĻôֱѡһԼϲŮˡ
ĿŮɫϻʵɫӺ
ô
ѡһŮ˾Ϳˣ¼ÿŮô࣬ΪҪѡպΪԼʺŮˣ仰˵ȻǴҪǸ»ʺԼĻʺģΪȥ̷ˣ
ѵǸ㶼
Ǹ»ʺԸҲǸñڡ
߼㲻ǱڣҲȻΪʺˡ
Ҳʵ̫ˣֲֻϲǸ»ʺ󣬻ǲϲǸ»ʺˡ
ֻȻֲǸĻʵ۵ҪʲôⲢҪֻҪĴǣǱǸ»ʺһʲôɸ˵ܡ
ߣΪǸ»ʺԼĸòʮơ
ƴһʱ֮ҲԼĸ׵ĻôǴǸԼĸʮŮ֣ҲǲԵġ
ô
ֻ˺þãԼ뷨һһʮĸƴ֮󣬱ǽĿƴǵϣȴƴǵļ⡣
վֻ濴ƴʼµĹǣʲô飬ֻҪƴڣֻȥʲô飬ȥʲô鶼ǸģҲǻ̤ʵ
ƴڿֻʱƴҲǵͷĵ˵ͷ
ԣӽǸŮӣ
Ǹ»ʺĺܺãµľܻһЩ˷Ϊʺ⽫ĵˮ©
ҪҲ¡
ƴǹȻƴǣôһ˵Ǳֳ˼ֻŴǸ»ʺֵĻƴҲǽĿϡ
ƴ׼ҲһҪȫĳֻܶࡣ
ƴô˵ֻҲ̤ʵ˲١
ֻͻȻЦЦͲˡ
ҪԼ»ʺ󣬿Ҳûоܾҵĵġ
ϾŮֲ֮ˣҲȥΪʺòƣͬǸ»ʺ̸Ҳ顣
οҲԶĹͣռһ̫곤ݣǿĳ
ͬ»ʺ棬ǰٰ㲻ԸģǱȴҲûа취ֱ˵ľܾҵġ
ֻתת˵ǵҪܾҵĻҲƶǸ»ʺĴڶȻŶߵģҲֱ˵֣˵ǲǣ
ôֻҲǸƴôˣûԹҲҪܵġ
ǱƴѬգֻҲԼܶˣ
Ȼֻͷͷǵ֮ƴǱ΢΢һĨЦݣؿֻݷ
ܺã
ƴǺĵıԼֻ֮飺Ȼ㶼һеĻôͰ˵Ļȥɣ
һȥɡ
ƴֻ֪ȻѾ˵飬ô˵ʲôıġ
ǵҪȥǸ»ʺҲûʲô
ĸ׶˵ȷҪģֻǻӵģԼǰȥʹĻƴ˵ʲôҲģһʲô⣬Ǳ˭Ԥϣȴûа취ȵĹġ
ֻҪȥʲô飬ƴǶޱȥæ֧֡
ǰǣֻҪʲô飬ƴǶҪֻģƴǵע֮£ԵķģֻȥҪ顣
á
ƴǵĹֻҲ֪
˼֮󣬱ֱӶ㳯ŻʹٶȽˣʱϹ֮ȫһƬƲҵ
ԴºֻȥĶԲ֮µбһֱ
ǺֻϷҪѰһʵʱҲô򵥵飬ҪҪĵˮ©ϹƴǶƭĻҲһ׵顣
ˣ¿Щ겻ᣬĲɡ
ûʲôģҲûжһȥʲôµġ
ǰδ޵ʱ򣬼ֻȻģǽȫʲô鶼˼ܵȫ
֮󣬳ΪʺȻѣϹĺȴû²ҪͱŮ˹ĶǣֻǺúõѧŹغͳͿˣ
ڡ
ֻԼǱһʯͷѹһ

1785 ЦõĬ

ϲ²ȥµĲ
ϹͬҲźͬĴ
ƴ֮Ҳ̹׵Ľһе鶼ˣȴ޷׵ͬ˵
µģ˳һĬ
¡

еĬ֮ºϹȻĿڡ
Ҳڷ䵱ͬʱġ
ôˣ
ʲô𣿡
Ϲ񲻸ֱ£ȴȿ£ΪǷԼ쳣ԥŸκԼأ
ͬģڱϹĿע֮£ҲǺǲ˼
ԥƬ֮󿪿˵ûûʲôҪ˵ʲô𣿡
ЩŵıţϹ˼ǷԼ棬ûвµ쳣򣬶ȻҲҪºʹǰĲԾġ
ûУ˵Ǻò״
մվĻЩķʱģǳȥ߿ɺá
Ҳůˡ
Ϲʾ֭Ҳֻôӵİ취
ǴڷʲôҲĻԽǵЩ飬ҲԽԽýš
Ҳ᲻ķ˴ʱ򷴵ǻεģϹҲ֪Ǹصĺ˻᲻ڰʱ̹۲ǡ
¶ûƭĻκƴǰԭƻʵʩ
ôţϹǿѹסԼΣЦŵĿ£˵ѩ̫Ӻ̫Ĵй䣬ȥӪιۣҲȥ߰ɡ
ܾ֮öһֱڹˣѵڿԳţĽڣҳڴĴֿ֣ŻȥʱҪˡ
ΪʺȻϷ⣬ʧȥĶҲֻصľŻ׵ġ
кܶҲ޷ġ
ӳ֮±ֻܴڻʹÿ˼˱ֻϹһˡ
ǸģȴǷζģѵиûᣬ¸һ»ʵǻ
ϹĴתתҲźһЩڷĻġ
ϹҲʱʵѹֵĺܡ
촭ˣ
Ϲ㿪ڣµҲһЦݣͬģµҲȷǸصĺǲھǵߡ
ѾֻˣһҪܽУҲ㲻ֱӺϹڣϹʱºˬıӦˡ
Ҳʱʱ̵̿Ļڱ˵ע֮¡
ʱʱ̶̿ҪԼԼһһУ̫ơ
Ĺоɫõģĵĵط
ˣǾҽе鶼Ժ󣬺úõģʹʹȥһɣ
Ϲô飬µĿͻȻϲĹâҲǶʱ˺ܶ
֮ǰڹδ޵ʱЩڴгһҪܺúõȥһǱǲˣ
ֻǸʱֻһˣ
 һͨŮˣܺúõĹԼӣڼӰͿԣ˵ʲôҪȥĴ棬ûнôõͱµġ
ڣζû뵽Լгһĵ
ˡ
ȷӦԼв˵˼׿úõйһ
ʲôõĶõĵطѧ˴ȥĺ󹬡
Ҳǰ㷦ζˡ
ã߰ɡ
ˣ±㻶ϲϲϹĸ첲˴ھͳųȥúõĹ͡
ǽһ˲䣬±ЩɫѿķſϹĸ첲˵ˣڹΪʺ⣬ûйصġ
ĶǵʲôطҪʱ̽ԼΪʺ׼ҪϹΪǻϣ
ѰǰԺϹ˵˵ЦЦµüЩʧģɿϹĸ첲ʱ򣬲ϹȴͻȻס¾Ҫµ֡
ϹЦݣҲûйǢܡ
Ϲ£֪еĹ˼һ㣬¿ڣϹЦŵ˵ûϵڲڻʹ棬Ҳ̫н
ԼձЩţֻǷˣҲûмĻʵۻʺ󣬸ûʲôأҲȥ
Щ棬ô˱ôôñô
ֻ㣬ңҲҪЩûõĹˣ

1786 ûоֻз

仰Ϲижġ
˵¾óΪʺ࣬ҲúǱ
ϹѾԼҲǰӰˣ
ܻϺͻʺλãںܶ˵ǲõĶֻҪܵõϺͻʺ֮λȥκε鶼ԣǶԥ
ϺͻʺλöºϹ˵ȴûʲôҪġ
Ҫȥģ޾԰
˱˴֮మģԼģЯһɽˮ԰˵˵ЦЦͻӹҪжģҪжˡ
ϧ
ϧҪǻʵ۵ģûԸΪĻʵۣ뵱ʵۣҪɢүˣǳ ʵۣ˾ôϲ׽Ūˣ
Ϲ˵Ҳ㲻Ϲˣ˫ʪ󣬺ǸмĿϹϹصĵ˵ͷã
лл㡣
ܵõɷⱲӺҵ飿
ºϹ˵Ӱ뿪վ֮һ˵ӰȻĴӰ֣һ˫۾Ҳǵʱ̶ǷϹµϵģ
˻
˲ɵõһ
صĺˣǡ
޿ײ밡
ĵҪºϹϣ˵ʲôɵĿռͿɳ֮ˣ
صĺ˵ɫѿ
࣬ѾĻʹĶ򣬵֪Ѳ
͵͵׼˾ҩ裬ֻΪгһ»ָ֮вºϹΨԼá
صĺƵû뵽Ϲ˾Ȼ⣬ԼвԺ󣬲һĴȥй䣿
Ҫ֪Ҫûء
͸
ѵֱӽҲҪ𣿣
صĺһŻĺ޲ֱӽºϹ˸ֱӴ
Ҳһ˰ˣ
ƫƫصĺȴܶϹʲôΣյĶȻ˵ʱʹ죬ǣƴǺֻǰ㡣
ͨı£ֱȥݺֻ
ֺαת˾ʮ䣬ڵϹµأеһУ֤صĺ˶ƴǺֻ˼ɵġ
ҪƴǺֱֻӶ֣ûô򵥣Ϊ˱ҲΪһС
ŻѡôȦӵķҵϹ£ΪϹ¶ֵĻǵʱ򲻵ݺƴǺֻ
ǰװ˷һžĵҩûõ¸װ׾ȻˣƴǺֻ

һΣ
صĺˣ
ûܹƺºϹķ̶ȣ
صĺ˲ǱˣصĺʵǰϵҵǸҼ
ҲֻҼ书ǿˣ֮䲻κ˷
ƴǵżɵΪŵĵȥѩ˿ʼǸʱҼȻûвҴϺ֮ˣȴڱｫЩ˿
ݹĹУЩϺǡ
ϹͲ˵ˣܳΪĻʵۣϹûʲôĲܵá
Ҫƴһַ֣ɳǻȥѣֺοڳΪһ֮
ܳΪʵۣǱŲ˼ѾǼõˣ͸ҪָϹʲôͼҵУʲôߴԶ־ˡ
ѩ͸˵ˣѩʵҵĲٿأǵʲôģȴǲģĻʵۣҵˣͲö˵ˡ
Ψֻʣ³ֻʣƴôһܸɣž֮ŵĻʵۡ
ҵЩ޷׺ӵĴڣ
ʣҼ׿˵ˣƴǵʱҲǲɵ޲ڡ
ƴĻǸǲܶǾѵĻʵѡҼƴǵʱҲĸ̾
ҵĺУмƴĵӴڵĻҲڻĵľӪķȥ࿹ˡ
ΪˣҼƴǸ߶ۣҲ㲻òǰƴԼĿƵУҳµʱ򣬲ܲȥƴǣƴʲô¶ˡ
һʱ˱ʣƴΪףϹһͬԣôұҪжҲʮֵѵġ
ǸϹȻûʲôܣʤ
ƴ˵ʲôʲôƴǸǺޱΡ

1787 ᵽƴǵ

ԣΪ˿ƴǣҲΪֹϹƴ֣һֿͬͬҵҼһһ˫İ취öҩвϹ¶ֻ֡
ǳɹˣôֻȻƴǶ֮֮ƴĲģȴҲǲԼˡ
ϾƴϲŮ˵¶ƴ˵ǷǳҪģôʱദҼҲֻܿƴǵ﾿ŶôҪĵλ
ǸϹ¸ֻģΪֻˣƴƱҪϹ·ĿɳϹƴǷĿɳôҲ൱߽˳֮ѺãԶһͬԸԼˡ
һҼ㲻÷һһͽ˺֮ǣúõĻƴǶȥԸϹֻǰæϹʰƴǣĻɹļҲӺܶࡣ
ôһʲ׬Ҽû뵽ϹӹųֱԶԶʵǻɵƴǾʲôֶܰһ̯ǽ
ҲԽҼᶨԼ뷨˵ʲôҪǰƴиǰˣƴǽ׳֮󣬶Լв͸ˣ
Ҽ̲סһⶼǵʲôʱˣȻ˼ȥԼĻʺĴй䣬ʱԼǾĲˣ
ҼĿĵĿϹȥıӰʱͻȻ˼ƻ
ҼĿһ
ǡ
ʱ֮䣬ȷǲ׵ɱϹ£ϾȻûʲôܡ
ǶƴǺֻȴ׽ģǿвƴǺֻĴڡ

ȻɱǣȷʵССĽѵһ£֪ԼģҲǵ澯ԼӦ飬ȻӦˣôӦȥɣҲҪܵѵġ
ҼԵļԼеŭ𣬷һеҼǿϹûõķģǲõŽԤԸԼԼԼĲˡ
ҼЦŵĹһĨǡ
˵ʱ򣬻شӻóһǼõǰʱ򣬷ܿǼʲô
˻
Ȼǹǵѣ
öǵЩƣȴźܴͬģ
ǹǵѱҼĴߣĵĵȻվڴ˳
֮ǰǵҪǻἼһ
ĵѪɱ֮ظʱ򣬶⡣
ҼڴǵѵʱȴǲûаѪɷ֮˾ñӵԽű˾ú
ǹߵ͵ˡ
ǹǵҲãǹƳҲգоģ
ҼˣҲǶԹǵѺ͹죬ԽĶǶɱɱŻᷢӳƽƽвģ
Ϊɱɱǻʶ˼˽䱸֮֮ȥҪ˵ЩѣҪƽƽõķΧУôڽͶԷľԣҲǸ֡
ֻǴǵôһСĲС飬ƳҼ֮ĸߵ͡
ǿ¡
Ҽ࿹أ
Ҳ벻³
ĴڣעǱˣ
Ҽ㴵ĿѾʰ׼ŵƴǺֻ΢΢ͣס˽Ų
ֻɵüɻؿƴǣƴǣûʲô
ǹǵѵֻһ˲ʧˣǸոǴڵģֻƺԼǲ˻þˣվһ˲䣬˵ǵͣס˽ŲȥϸͦոյʲôʱվȴͻȻʮ־Ĭ
֮ǰЩҲʧӰ١
ֻ濪ʼˣǲԼ֮ǰǻˣ
ûʲô֣ΪԼʱֻ̫ۣ̫񾭽ˣԼŻĪĵŻþˣ
ֻɻƴͼƴǵϵõӦƴϵıҲԼϱûֻ̫࣬ƴǾվԭأüĽٵĿվķ˳˼һ㡣
ƴǣ
ƴôˣֻǰ̽ŵĽƴǼ䣬ƴȴǺ޷Ӧʲôأ
ֻֻ֣ƴǴûйʱѵҲĪĵ
ոԼĲǻֻΪǵʵ̴̫ˣԵԼվסţҪϸȥͷһǵʱ򣬱ǵʧˡ

1788 ֵ

ƴǣƴ㻹𣿡
ֻƴǵǰ˻ΣŽ˼ƮԶƴǴ˹
ôˣ
ƴǸոջ֮ôһ˲ϵı΢΢ЩκãȻģǺܿƴǱǽԼѹȥɫƽؿֻ
ʲô𣿡
ֻûƼƴһ飬ɫǳĶƴ˵Լʶ
ƴǣոҺֻǲ֪ΪʲôҪվٺúȥĵԴʱȴͻȻˡ
ոտǵ𣿡ֻĿƴǵϣڴƴǸԼ϶Ļش
ƴϱЩȻȴǻ¶ЦݣȻسֻ˵ûС
ʲô
ôûأ
ò̫˰ɣ
ƴƽǰ㵭ȻģǸֻƶԼܸոĻǻþˣôͻȻһĪĵƴȴ
ӭʹ͵վֲǺ¥ƹݡ
ôܻµȥأ
ԼǺͿˣ
ðɡ
һ㣬ֻʹԴȥ᷽Լǵƴǵ˵Ǽ·ɣʱ䡣
ȻҪʱ̫ȥݻ»ʺĻڹҲǲϵġ
ֻ̲סڴߴٵģƴҲǵ˵ͷá
ǾֻƴǽŲվȥʱֻĽǶȣƴǵȴǲЦݷأϸĿƴϵıʱ򣬱ܿźܴڵġ
ƴڽһ־޴ʹ࣬ŵǹǵѵ˲֪йƳˣһ֪ǵɲʲôöĸҲŸĿģڴ߶ŹƳڵķ
ǵ֮ʱҲǳ˯йڵЩƳ궯ʱ
ƴǵھѪڵġ
һֱǿǿΪǿĽѪƸѹסԭƴǱкܴһ̶ȿҪƲסѪˣ
û뵽
񣬾Ȼ˴߶ǵѣ
Ȼ
ƴǵĲ²Ȼû
粻ֻΨһùģֹˣУǲͺĵģ
Ԫף
ҵЩˣ
ƴĬĬĸֻʲҪþȫȥԼϵĹƳ棬ҪֻԼ쳣
࡭
ͬʱվһҲǵ֮˲ɫ
ԭºϹһͬţϻǴŸ߸˵Цݵġ
Ҽ˵֮˲ֹס˽ŲûƴǰĹǿҲǿԿǿеѹȥ
ûôǿ˿书ġ
ڵĹƳ棬Ҳ˲˵ٻʼжţʹ˲糱ˮһ㽫°Χÿһÿһ붼׷Ĵ̹ǡ

ֻƬ̹˲ڵʹĲҽţֻôĹѾ죬񱻺ˮʪһʪˡ
ǸҼ²֪£ιһҪҩ裬ʲôĶһŰŹƳҩˡ
ǹƳżѵʹЧ
µŻõô죬ͬʱǹƳκʹʱҲڡ
֮ǰҼ˴ȱִ߶ǹƳ棬ǹƳûʲôһ㣬ֻʵʵĴµĶ档
ڡ
Ҽʵˡ
һҪºúõĳһζ
ǸϹҲԼǰţҲԼȥЩûõˣ

ڵ۵ֱϹǳ׵ıµŵˡ
һϹŷӦٿǰͼҪ´ӵϷ
£
£
ôˣ
ô˰
ôö˶˵ôأ
ϹЩʧˣ
Ū⧲ģ
ϹһǰҪ£±ǾʹҽŵĹ뿪Լ˫֡
˷Ϲͼǰ˺üΣûܽ¸סǳʲôˣ
֮£
ϹĵһᣬٿǰҲܻ᲻ˣֱӸǿеĽ±ڻУǹ˲ñ˵񣬱ֱӽ±صվ֮ڡ
վʵǶĿڶ࣬µһĻʺŵҲֻԼ
˿ڵϹȥĻǻģʱ򷴵ǻˣ
Ϲ죬±ǳԼķг˹ȥ
ֱһ̷ŵˡ
ȶȥû޵˭ܿ
ŵҲ洫֣
ϹĿ䣬ͷһΣϵı˵أ
ǣ
Ще͹ŮǱϹŵɫŻˣ׷׵ĳϹ֣һ뿪ˣ
е˶뿪ȴڴʹĴ󺰴УϹ˲Ҳ̲סˣ
ҪǱˣǲ֪µôˣϹɵҲõͻȻʹ࣬ȻǸصĺڱʲôֽţ
в£ҲھԼģ

ҳ
ѵбȥ
ȴû³𣡡

ҿϹ׺ݵҧȴǳܿտķ󺰣ȻӰǣֱϹǸصĺһܣ϶ǶʲôطеĹעµһжģ
˵
ҹ

Ϲ˫죬Ŵʹһŵ£ֹסۣ£¡
ô
㻹𣿡
ģһ취㣡
ʲôҶʼջߵģϹħ

1789 һ棡1

ûµġ
ûµġϹµ֣ϵظ仰
ϹվѲӣڴ˻ߵʹһ֮صĺ˵Ӱ٣ĳϹǰ
Ŵʹ£ɺϹصĺ˲ɵ÷Ц
ô
֪żҳˣ
Ŀ
ʹʹԼϣ˱㶼޷׵ѽ
ҲеϣϹܸϽǸֻȴһ׮Ը
ϧºϹһѵ˾Ǻµһ
ˣϹȴ֪żˣǷ̡
ѵֻż˵Ͷż
á
Ļã
ϹżʧģֻԼıԵĻ˺ܶ࣬Ǿʹˣ
ʲô˼
Ҫʲô
ϹٿصǰͼǸصĺ˵ǰҪϷҳҩʹе£ɲ룬صĺȱ׼Ϲһ˲䣬˲˺һȫλá
Ϲ˸ա
ӲǲеȻȴûаı֡ҧĿ׺ݵĿǸصĺˣǳҩأ
ҩʲôط
ϹЩˡ
һŵϹǴ˿ģڵɳɱеʱҲĴ治̣ й飬ڡϹֵһ˲䣬˷ܵϹɱ⣬һֺ޲ýԷʧ˵ӣ
Ǵûйӣصĺ˸޲ҪǧС
ѾӦˣᰴҪȥȥݺҪݺˣΪλҪ֣
ԶŵĻǸɴֹ֮ǰԼҲٰķԸȥˣȥˡ
ʹӣôˣ
˵ôˣ
Ϲͷиĺ⣬ֻϧصĺ˵Ķ֣ҲܾµĽҩ
ŨŨȫͷһϹԼľ´ǰɳǵʱûй־ĸо
ʱǣҲˣҲû˹û˰ʵûʲô˻ѹģܴ󣬻˾ǽѡ
ڵһڵϹֻԼһˣǻӣĻʺ󣬱ԼˣҲ˵ʲôԼĻʺʹĥģĿԼǰ˺ѷΡ
㵽Ҫʲô
Ϊʲôֻǲǣ
Ϊʲôֻĥǣ
Ϲ۾Ŀ޶Եĺˡ
Ƭ̵ĹϹֱǰ½رڻУʹֱ߳š
ã˲Ը½ҩûϵȥֱֻ˵Ľµ˵ֻֻܶʱҵҩȺ£ֻҽ߳Ҳǻ԰ҵʹİ취ġ
ܾĿʹȥ
ҪǼôʹȥ±ǻᱻʹġ
ĿԼǰܿࡣ
Ϲв˺Ѫ˿Կơ
Ǹصĺ˿ȴǵȻҿϹµӣֻϹȥţ´ĴͶҽʱ򣬺ǰɷ˵ؽϹ˷֮ڣǻֻ͵˴ϡ
ͳܲסˣ
͵Ȳˣ
ĿϹֻʹ죬ּŵĿ˵ֵȴζǲܰɣ
˻ĿڣĮֻʹϣǲзظܵж޷ܡ
Ҳֽأ
ǴӦҵǲǴҪԶȥ
˵ĿⶸȻñ䣬ǵͳҲ޵ϣóŭģϹϵķŭΪ㿪֮ȥ
Ϲź˵ʱҲЩġ
֮ǰ˵ҪǶѸһЩ
Щֻ֣ҹζ࣬Ѿ˺ܳһʱˣǲûжֻ֣ȻԵá
֪صĺ˿ʱ߼۲ԼȴҪ³й䣬Ϊû֮ǰԼˣԲֱӶ£ֵĶ
̵ĸϹһѵҲҷĿƵĿϹ

1790 һ棡2

ǣʹֻССĸһ棬֮иҵҪٲ˼ȡȥӦҵ飬ͲҪĶˡ
Ǹʱ򣬾Ͳֻڴ۵ȥôˣ
С
˵Ļ£ֱóһöҩ赽Ϲǰҩȥֻʱֹסϵʹܴ࣬ӸϽ⿪ڵĶ
ǹԹܺõ˴ӦҪ飬ұ㲻мںִ˷ʱ䣬еĶĽҩȻ˫ַϣҲú˷ʱ䣬ҪǵôߣɲֵĻôͲҪҲ
Ҳұ֤ȷ֪ȥĸǣĻʺһֻǰġ

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ǴĵǿϹ·˵ģ
ͬǻʵۣ
ͬǻʺ
㿴ݹĹУһҵĻϺͻʺºϹã
ļҵĻϺͻʺһ˾ƵãŲҰģҪ̲Ĺ
صĺ˵ȷǽƴǺֻԼľУҪǰȥƴǺֻ
ѩҲǴŽĵġ
Ψ
ΨǶϹºǷģ
ʵûʲôֵñȥ
ҪǷûõ˵Ļֱ˷ʱ˷˼
Ҫڼϲò˲Ҫװ׵ıϹ£˾ĵط֣úõԸֻƴǵİ취
£صĺ˱һ˦뿪Ϲɵ񣬿ǸҪҩ衣
һ˲䣬Ϲһᣬ漴ҩ͵µǰ
¡
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ȥ֮㲻ѹˣ
ϹۣιȥңµĴѾǺǼѣʹʹҲڵ⵽ȥ
ǸʵûбҪٸԼһöҩ俴ʹţͱԵ̬ȣһΡ
öҩǵܽ⿪ϵʹ࣬ݵĻָ֮ǰ״̬ġ
Ϲ˫Щڴ۵ȥش޵ھΣԸԼʹ࣬ҲԸ⿴ż尾
ϧûа취
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Ǵ˵еѡ
Ϲǳѵľأϲ²ȥ
£ôˣ
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ҩ豻ϹǿгŴϱܼ尾ʱιȥϹǹĵĿ£ȴϵķӦ
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ȴÿһÿһ룬Ϲĺڱܼ尾һ㣬³ʲô⣬ʱǸھˡ
Ϲһǣ·˺ҩʱϵʹཥʧҶҲ֮ǰǰǽĻָƽ
ҲǽϹ˵ˣ
㡭
ң
ָ״̬ãȻĿϹֻԼݵʱɥʧһЩ䡣
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ϹǰСĽ´Ӵϲϸĵ޽ĺˮɢҵķ٣еĿѯʵ۲ˣ
ûʲô쳣ķӦ
𷽲һʹģϹıһܣϸļȫ£ʲô©ʲô˺ͱ׶ˣʱ򷴵ǻ³ܸʹࡣ
˽ҩ֮ڵĹƳҲ㽥İĥ£ûʹ࣬ҲǽػָϹǹе֮Ī±ǺۿˮǲԾشۿе䡣
һá
öˡ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôոջͻȻϺۣ
϶֮䣬º֮ǰˡ
Ϲո˵ҪȥĴתתģû뵽 ոߵ˴ſڣǸоСľʹ
Ǿʹǿң
ʱǧСڿҧ۵޷
ֽٺĸоڿϹʱҲǺۿ
㣬һΪⱲӶأ
ʹͻȻҡһҪ˽ͷոĲˣһ˽ԼԼһʹ죬Ͳٳֹʹˡ

1791 һųŵ

û뵽аȵĺϹӣ˵ʱ䣬¸ýٺ
ͬʱҲע⵽ϹϵĲɣʹࡣ
ԼʹʱϹҲһܣ
ҲһڸԼܼ尾ģ
Ϲ㿪֮ıʹˣͻȻǰĽ±ڻУԲ𡣡
Բ𡣡
ҵĴ
Ҳźʹ࣬£һ̣һ취ϵĶҩ׽⿪Բ㶪ġ
һúõߣûܽߣǻһֱһġ
Ϲȴһһڶ˵ԼĳŵҲȷôģһҪ취ǸصĺˣȻʱܻǸ֡
ǲ˵Ҫµÿһҵʹȥֱĥµ壬±ò˹ݣʢеĻһĿή
ϹǾԲԴеģ±ЩίϹ㿪֮ǹί㱻޵ķŴǲߵһϹϡ
ããһġ
û¶ҲǺۡ
·Լһʹ֮Ϲ޵ΣҲ֮οϹ㲻Ϊҵġ
һã㿴ھûˣ𣿡
ֻҪһЩǸ˽㲻ٳġ
µȷǾѹǷʱѹʹĽҩֱҧָоǻصµԺУ´
붼ͷƤ飬һļƤ
ָоʵ̫ʹˣ
ҲʵëȻ
Ϊʲô˿ֲĶҩڣС
°˼⣬Ǹ˵ʲôֶΣŻǶҩģ
ǣԼܣϲڿεϹϹǰֳԼı˺ʹģ
£ҶԲ㣡
ϹȻЩʵġ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
ڣϹŨŨεĸоȴԽԽˡ
ûµģûµġ
ǽĻ㱨ϹԼӵҲŬİοű˴ˣ
ºϹ໥ο໥˱ǽӵһȻ˻Ϊڷû˵Ǳ˴˶ܸоõ˵һġ
ȻֻǸصĺ˸˵ľоյģǾһľ֮ºϹ¶Ǹصĺʾ
ҲȷˣǸ˲ǿЦҲڿв˵ģű¡
Ϲ¸ǰˣʲôĻĻôһԥĳ֣»ĥԶĺӣϹԼҲѲǸ˵Ķ֡
ԲܾôԴС
Ϲʼսģ±ԼĻС
ǰֿ֪ģⱲΪ󱦱ϡ䱦һ㣬Բ˽»ĴԼߡ
Ҳ˲ûĺˡ
ԱֱӴվ档
һϹԵһŻ½˵£ȵҡ
ȥ˴ˮϴһ£һ·ܱ˷쳣
صĵ˵ͷͻȻʱ򣬱ֻûܵ޾ʹ񾭣ûʱȥӳȥӦԡ
µɫ԰ףǲ붼ĵոԼǶô׳ңĻʺҪ̫עԼĻӰҲ¡
ܷǶôʧ˷ִ֮ҲҪװµģǰ˰ݻʺǡ
ôţͻȻ֣סҪ뿪Ϲ֣лл㡣
ллôõʱһֱҵߡ
ǺңϹôһˣ֪ܺأµ桭
ϣܺϹһ𣬰ͷϰ
ϹĿ£ǵĹ˹µıӣ˵ʲôɵأ
֮仹˵ʲôлл

ȽµĲ״ƴǵҪõĶˣ
ҲǸ˵Ŀֻ°ˣƴǣԣƴǺֻվֱ֮Ƴҧĸоʧˡ
ֻƴһ·ĻʹЩ͹ǿֻƴϱ鹧
μ̫ϻʣ̫֪λк𣿡
ڻδ»ʺ»䣬ʱʹ¶ڳﱸ»ʺĳ˵ģҲܲ͵ġ
ʱֻƴͻȻ֪ǵҪʲô

1792 ǰݷ

ЩǰӭӵĹɱò
˵ˣĸңʲôݣǼȻͣôȻǹ͵ݣЩҪúõ̷Щ͡
ʲôҪʲô뷨ı㾡㣬ǲ㣬ԺİЩͣЩȥѯһӦδá
Բ׵ĵԣЩڿƴǺֻʱҲ̬ȸĹƴǺֻǴŵЦݵĿЩĹǣĿ˵
˵ҲԵ֣»ʺ󣬺޵̫ĪЩƣЯ̫ǰݻ»ʺ󡣡
ԵôβԵָ׽֣
ҵ̫͹»ʺĽ̸̸˵֮ĹϵҲı׽
ǴһֻϵòԼʹλδ»ʺ󣬹Ȼģʵֻ̤һ˲ʱʼ£ܶ೼Ƕó̫ǵδ»ʺе̫֮˵˻ʲôݹϵҲᶨ
ֻףֻ»ʺݼصģЩʳĵģҲû˸ֻ»ʺǰ
ֻȻҪ»ʺҲġ
ǹƴǺֻĻ֮󣬵λ̫ϻʺ̫ĻǻʺԸЩģԻΪЩӦ߹Ը˲ȥŻʺ
̫ϻʺ̫˵Ķԡ
Ļʺ̫мȷʲôɻȱԵ֣Ȼ̫̫ϻʣǶλѾԹˣǾܾλأͷλԵȺһСĽλǰϢ㱨ǻϣȻӴλλΣ
ǹֺõĿƴǺֻ
ֻƴǷ׷׵ĵ˵ͷãǹߵѸ٣һӰЦӯӯسֻƴǵǰ
̫ϻʺ̫ĻСѾǶλ˻ϣѾӦλ
ǿȥǵĻʺ
ֻ
ǹ˵ĿתƴǵϣЩԥĲ˼˵ֻϻһЩҪ̫ͬϻ飬̫ﵥһǰȥǵ»ʺΣ
ʵô˵ģ˶ܿԼ»ʺ󣬲ȥԼ»ʺ
Ҳġ
ҪǻˣԼĻʺǰò绨ĻҲǻ޲ýݲţ±˿˸ϡ
ֻƴ໥һۣǴӶԷп˼ᶨҲ˱˴˵⡣
ֻЦſ˵Ҳȷǣ֮ӦҪ۵顣
Ů˺Ů֮ĻҲȷǲȥģǹһͬǰȥĻϰɡ
Ҫ˵飬ʱҾˣ
ֻ󷽵ĴӦ⹬˵ҪĻʹǸʲô֮ģҲȻԼĵ㹫ȻĶֵֻġ
ֻҲǳ̫ֻĻʹʲôĻôƱǻ֮ս
ʱͿ̿
ľ֮ţι֮ǣ¶ûа취׶ס°֮ڣܻᱻ°ġ
һֻ浹ǰ㶼ġ
ƴüĽƬ֮Ҳǳǹ˵˵ͷãǾ͹ˡ
Ȼֻв²⵽˵飬ƴǵȻҲˣ
ƴֻģԼ֤ƴǶֻ̫ӣҪǵʲô⣬ҲֱӶҪˣ
̫ϻʣ̫ʵǿ̫ϻʺ̫ūţǹɡ
Ϊ׵Ĺƴȥǰȥݷ·ϣֻǱһλȥǰȥ»ʺĹˡ
ٵ˹棬޵棬Ѿֻǻ׷湬ǰӰ
к֪ԡ
ǰΪϻʵߵĻһҪιƻϻʵ۲˼ɫ
ҪȥӴʲôŮ죬ҲҪȥѧϰô󹬵Ҫ飬ÿֵУҪжˡ
ڲһδ»ʺһһһһǴǰǰһһӦŹغ
ԴԸҪΪ»ʺ֮󣬹ߵģֺ͹Ůܶء
ʱȻ࣬ȴһֱҧ֣ǾڸոչǾȻ㱨˵ǳ̫Ҫݷ
һʱ֮Щ޴ٺ˵Ӧô죿

1793 е㺦²֪ôӦ

Ӧôȥ̸Ż᲻ʧ˻ʺе棿
һ˵ʲôҪǽӲϵĻӦأ
˵϶д˽ź;ȡ
ٺָɹ̷ߵ¹ŮҲߵĸʱ԰ٺҲźһ
ãȻ֪룬Ҳ㽫ȵĿڰٺϵϡ
ٺϿŵģɵЦЦ
ʺõĵģǳ̫Ը¾ţǹҲֻлҳȻ˵̫࣬ĻҲȻΪġ
ֻ˵֪Ϳˣ㽻ūͿˡ
ָɵˣٺϲΪֹ˼ǸܳƵһѵĺð֣ŴΪ΢
ôǰҲǻڰٺϵĵ֮𽥲죬ŶׯŵĻʺ﷽չ
𣿡
˰ٺϵİο֮浹Ǻ˺ֻܶ࣬ȴΪų̫ţʵĸŹŮ
Ƚ֮£Լݱ㲻빬֮ǰ빬֮Եǰıӣǰĵһȡ
ҲԱȷǲ˼ҵģֻǲǸ̫ĻʺҲҪԼ߳ܶࡣ
ʵǵڣԼЩŮ׼ĻʺƷĹ˵Ž̵Լ
ڵŲŵģ;ã⼸һ㣬һжô
ӣֻξвԣԣζεĳ롣
ȴʵʵеطϣỼûʧ
ڵ̫̫ҸгһյһеҸ˰ʱܻᱯ˵ĳܲסѹ
ϾһһֱںڰеûмĻôҲӦڰ
ºڰٿ࣬ᰲؼʵʵĹԼеӣ⣬Ҳĵȷȷůôǲܻ˭Ƕûа취ԶһӶںڰУԶֿˡ
ǵģʺ£ܷʲô£ū澻л϶ߣ»ʺûܺĵλ
ȻǰǲģⲢӰĳ
Ըִ׺ĵÿÿͻһʱů˻ϣЩŵ㣬Ҫദʱ򣬱㲻ֻǿϵȱ㣬ȥ˵ŵ㡣
Ӧһ㡣
ٺϼİοңϵٰں⹬µĹ˶ǻָɹ̷ŵģȻѾӦǳ̫ǰݻ㣬̫Ϊ˻ҲϿɵģ
Ĳõģ
ǲıʱ򣬰ٺİοŰٺβ䷳İοԺ˺ܶࡣ
ðɣ֪ôˣллٺϡ
ֿĿŰٺϣָмǴĵɢġ
ԭΪԼҪΪ»ʺ֮󣬼ǺԼվȫ˵ĶȫµΪС
е˶ᷴһ𷴶ԼΪ»ʺ󣬸ǻΪѣѿ
û뵽ٺϾȻ̬ѺãʮģÿÿԼǰ߾ܵذοԼԼаġ滮ů
ū Ӧ飡
ʺʵ̫ˣٺϹףʱϵıƵᣡ
ǵġ
ȷǷ̷չڰٺϵ棬Ӿֻôһˡ
ʲô˵ʲôȥӣ£˵ǣҪǽ̷ţٺҲԲа飡
ò׹ĵȴźֻʱֻѾڹ˵Ĵ֮»ص޵棬Լǰ
μʺǳ̫ҪݼѾӦˡ
ûʲôҪ飬ūűȥˡ
ǹ˹ؿ
ЩԥҧŴĿһԵֻϣЩȷĽת˰ٺϵϣٺŵĳԼЦʱ򡭡
˵ͷ˰֣á
ȥɣ
ǣ
ǹ˺ܿı£ȴЩĿֻ֪οڡ
ٺվһ΢Ц񣬷Ըֻ˲裬ֻһ
̫롣
ǻʺԭѧϰŵۺ֮ʱҪѧϰǣչ˲ܻൣ
ٺϸعأԸŹдˡ
ֻ˵Ǹĵ˭Ҳûмſڡ
ֻվԭأĿ̲סϴţ ޵ĸп

1794 Եֵ1


ʵ̫ˡ
˶ϵò٣˵ʱӶǺԼġ
Ҫһ֮ôΨһֻڿ˵ʱǲһġ
ġ
ֻԼֱ治ˡ
ִֻ
˵·涼Լһס
һҲ׼Ҳ󷽣ǣȴ˵ʱĹǡ
ǺԼǰľ͹йϵɣ
˵ò޾۶ֱ治ǲġ
һ˵̸£Ͷȴģ²ģֻĵϸһ㡣
Ҳ˳һģһò˵ԸȴرʵҪϸϸԸЩڿ˵ʱǻһ񣬺оֹ͸¶Ųš
˵ʱϲʶؽָһǰ㲻ģֻһУڵϸŽøʱǰ㡣
ͬʱֻԼһģһòʺҲûôľ裬еĻҪƽ׽ˡ
Ȼֻû̫ĽӴŮ˵ֱһǲģֻҲţ˼ļƵĺݶŮˡ
ɡ
ϻʵ۵ʱ򣬵ǵѵԭԲŻڽϻʵ֮ĶԴ˺
ҲʲôԿη
Ͼһ˵۾ƭ˵ģڿԼʱǰ峺Ŀ˼Ҫװװġ
ѹԼ뷨͸пֻüɿ˼Ƭ֮󣬻Ŀ˵Ȼǳ̫ȴҲǲ赣һݣ͵ĻµģɳΪһұһΣ
ֻǼǵֵġ
ʱʱصŴҽ˺ݡ
ֻûв´ĻӦǱԼһЩģԼҲûʲôס
Լ໥ӣȴٳûпڵֻȳƽЦŵʾá
ֻ˵Ļ֮ҲǾ÷С
һһ㣬¶ЦݣֻɫҲǸУˬĵ˵ͷð
պһ֪κȥ򽻵أ
̫ʵ̫ˣѧϰŹе棬ԼҵЩسƺδ㶮ֺο漰ҵأ
ֻԼ˵ʡʡܶࡣ
һƤٺȴվһԣĿϵҡҡͷ
ʶͷȴ̲ססֻ֡
ʵֻֻʱֻú׽ֻʱҲǾ÷С
ܵԵְɣҪûԵҲܳơ
ֻڲ׼ۼĴͬڿֻĿǺޱֻܻϴš
ĺ񡣡
ԵĴ淢һпԭ˵ʱһܾЩʣôܻôˣһں˵ģ
û뵽ʱҲΪΣ˵֮òƵʱǰƶ
绹档
ǲ㣬򲻻ϻͬһƵòġ
ˮĴ۾ֻϴǰģǷ´½һ㣬ֻ￪֮ҲǲɵЦ
֮Ĺϵܿı£Ҳû֮ǰ˴еǰнǵһƷŲ˵Щ
˶˲٣ԴĿվŵİٺϺĹ˿˵ûʲôҪˣҲȥɣ
̫⳯ݷԼģ
ֻпûдʲôŮѾߣԼĹ淴ôˣǲ̫ã
ǡ
ڣҪԼĹǲɢ棬ٺ΢΢üͷȻǿܵġ
κ̬ȼ֡
ٺϣûʲô顣
ֻǾúͻͶԵҪ˵˵
һ
˵ʱղɵø˼ĨΣٺϳƬ̣Ŀֻϣվǵ˵ͷ
ðɡ
ǻʺūǱڹȺţҪǻʺ̫ʲôҪͷԸĻֻ֪һūϾ͵
ֻһһͷ
޵ʱֻʣֻˡ
ֻҲ˺ܶľнЦŵĿڣ⻹ʲôء
Һ˵飬϶Ȼǻᾪȵġ
һһ˫á
˵ԸҪԸȽƣҲǳһģһò

1795 Եֵ2

ֻҲǵӺСģǿĸİ˶ýźͺߡ
ںöˣѾΪ˸ǰʱ仹ոһװֵСء
ֻа۵˵ţѾȵĳ͡
ദģվһ㣡
ǰһӦһһ˱Ӧ
ָоǾϲ
𣿡
Ѿ֮ͺˣ㻹иأ𾪲ѡ
Ȼˡ
Ұ£ֻҺҵ˫ҵĸ׺ҵҲͬ˫ǿҵǸãȻᾪȡ
˵滹ͦ׳۵ġ
ֻں˵ԼߵЩ˵ʱҲǲһĨЦݵġ
һõǺЦģǲͬˣ⼸ȴǳͬҪǼܾۼһһͬʱҪ˾⼸˶þȡ
ǻ棬붼ϲеģ
ֻĵĶ˵ԼǰЩľû뵽ȴֻ㿪֮ͻȻ
Լ˫ġ
ĸ׻˫ġ
¼䲻ôɺϵ顭
ΨһĿܾǣ
ΨһĿܾǸһͬ˵ЦŮˣܴԼŮ
һƽͻȻΪֻĳֶ÷Ī
ŵҪȣŬڷ
κΡ
κұġ
ǲȥĻ˱ˣ֪
Ҫ˵ҪݳϢˣ
˾͸ˣ
һʯҵţȴǳ׵Ľ뿪
֪֮󣬱Ǻԥ뿪Լ
ҲϣԶĽԼߣԲŻңΪĿģԶ޷뿪ԼҲûˡ
еһˣ˼룬ʱҲֻԼһˡ
ԣЩϣˤɫʹþеȥˡ
ֻȴɺ޲ǰ
ҲΪʲô˷ĵĽ޵ĵԭΪǹġ
ͺ֮ܣҪ̼̼𷢿񣬴̼ں
˵ס
Ǹˡ
ֻһֱڱá
˵ֻҲǶɻģǺϸ껹ǺȽϡȻòȴǲģϾ洫ĻҲȴǺ޹ϵΪλأ
δ̫ˡ
ִʱֻûпѧ
˵ǴӶ۵ģ˵ʲôطǻźԼƵˣпǿԽҲпǿԽʱա
Ĵδ̫ˣ
ֻо𺳡
֮ǰڿֻòʱǻ˾һƳֻþޣڿһģһˡֻûаľĸоһͷƤĸо
˭ֵܷ˭
㡣
ֻü룬ŵĿڣܲðһ⣡
ʵֻڿڵʱ治ûҪίһϢת룬ҪǾô˽´ϢĻԼûʲôҲǻúС
Ͼ
λ˼ƼˣҪԼ֪ȥԼϢĻôԼҲǻӦԷĴڵģȻֻˣôǲʲôԼǲôģ
ߣǸ࣬ڱ˵ĵ֮ϣҪֻ̫ðʧĻֻǻԼĴüʱ򷴵ǲȥˣ
ԡ
˼ȥֻȥˣֱӵźʳԸԼǱߣҪǺԸԼĻҲûʲô
˶űԼҪܣǸܿܶ˵΢ģǶⱾȴǺҪһ飬Ҫǲ˵ĻԼҲǾԵģ
ֻʳԼҪʵ֮󣬱㾲ţȴԼ˻شûȥߴǸܴġ
ЩԥڿֻֿĿʱ˾
ֻ֣ĿԵ걯
ʵҵݡҵǺܱ΢ġ
ǰĹֻǲԱ
Ͼڵȼɭϵĺ棬ӴģʶģĹǣǴǰ붼飬еķԼǰȵ׼ٿЩ˵ʱǻ᲻ԱһĲһֱǻ֮ȥ

1796 ׵£1

ﲻϵڸԼϵظԼʹԼҪ̫ڻӦĻȥ׼״䣬˷ǲľҲʯͷģôܻЩãȻ֪
֮ǰΪûһ˵˵׽ˣֻܽίеĽ棬ֻԼһ˳ܡ
ʵ˵ҲǾƵġ
ٺϵȻֺܺǶׯ󷽣棬ٺϱΪټҵŮӣֻҲǾϵʵġ
ͼҪ԰ٺԼ⣬ǰٺȻƣҲ̬Ⱥܺãǹ
˵˵ǰʱ򣬰ٺûǰĸͬܣֻǻϵĸԼ
Ļʺˣ˼ģӦκúõȥعأúõĳΪϵĻʺǳڹȥ
ٷĻشðٺֻһ仰ǽҪ˵ǧ˻ȥҲҲûпڵĻˡ
ֻײǿ£ҲԵĺ࣬ҲԸֻ̽Լ⡣
ΪʵǱƵ̫ˣʵ̫Ҹ˺úõ˵˵ˣŻԼûôѹ֣žлŵˣǻξС
ĿЩԶǱ׼˼еʱӣĿ˵СʱƶˣֻһĹĵһöĵľ˾ˡ
СұǲĺǰŵչˣϲϮϣҲϲԵ˳ԲҪܶļũȥöĵĵ;˾ˡ
ҲϷŹҡ
˵ʱરવµ䣬ĺʹƺܸȾֻһ㣬ֻԹߣڿŵʱҲǻ׶Ĵ̹ǡ
ΪܳＯĶǮǽʮΪ潡
Ƕβ׵£΢΢Ĳ
ͯЩ˵جΣʹһʱȥζ
ɪɪӣֻʱһΡ
ֻٿǰս֣˵ԲҲ֪ġ
ֻΪǳ棬˺㣬ʲô˵ҵĲԡ
ҪȻǱ˵˰ɡ
ֻΣ˵Լʱ򣬻ǴĵɢĿ־Ͷ֮ǰЩ׵µĺºͼɵָоװҲװģֻǼ΢ᡣ
Ǻ˵ģǰǽǱԼĸĵģȻһûףӱȷʵҪõĶˣ񿴼ʧ䣬Ҳֻⲻȥġ
ԭֻǻǱù˵ע⣬ֻһѵ
û뵽
ȷɺƣҲҹҪһѵ
ݿ˺۵ģ
ֻȰ˵ʱȴǲҰ׵ȴǿ򶨵ҡҡͷЦŵĿڣûϵںöˣֻҪͷߣ˵ЩĶġ
ĿЩԶƮ˼һ˲Ʈ˶ǰʱǰͻС֮Ҳ̫֪ĹﶼҪʲôԼ֮䣬ҲһЩġ
ҲϣҲʹǵȥѧϰȥ£ǱңÿζҴȥ֮ȴҪǿȥЩĿˡ
ÿ춼;жȹģÿһĽŲʶشجоѣԼڽ䣬µǽŲĳҿıһµĶȥͣģЩľˡ
ûϢţֻҪܺúõĻȥһЩٰ࣬һЩôȥЩĿҲûʲô
Ŷ⣬̸ֺúõĻȥأ
ΪԼһעǻӲʱǸˡ
֮ǰ˵ԼľʱۿʼʪģϵıҲɫҰףʹ˵仰ʱֻĿ˫ڵ˫
Ȼʪŵ˸⣬ȴǲԾĿ
һִĵɢЦݺ͹
һִĵĻϲ
֣ҴеĿѴ
ѣѧؽд֣֪ʲôһˣһҸŮˡ

1797 ׵£2

ʱңĺһӶܴߣΪūΪ澣һӶźҲĸԸġϵҸнȥתüġ
ǲ֪Ϊʲô񲢲ϲңÿοҵǸ͸ڿһˡ
ҺҪǸʲôƵĵطɡ
ֻҵʲôط˻䡣
˵ʱۿеˮԾĴ۽ϸǴһĨԳЦݡ
ʵؼ䱾ûɵӣֻеһԸĸԸˡ
Ȼ鲻࣬ʶĶҲ࣬ǷǷǣϲͲϲȷʵܸܵõġ
ϲ
Զ޷˵飬ԶݵʱԼƭԼԼԼʵϲԼģֻΪϻиҪȥԲûа취Լһ
ֻԼ֪ƭ˵Լǿġ
ҲеĸܵʱǺζǡֱҪҪ Ӽѡ
͸һ곤ˡ
ʵ˵ʵǸ˵ȷǺܶģǱЩĿȷʵҪõĶˡ
ңֻҪܺúõźˣܰԸһ᲻Ҫ
ۿл䣬۵׶Ĵ̹ǣʱȴǹЦݣ˵Ҫǻ㡣
һõˣǰˮˣվǰϸĿ£ôѡ񣿡
ֻڻش㾶Կ˵ǸʱЦŻشĵͷġ
ʣȴһĨЦݣЩ˵á
ֻҪҪ飬ҷǣҲԻɡ
ϵЦݺۣǣҴӦ֮󣬱ǽ߾ȫǸ˵ߡ
֮ǰҵЩû뵽Ȼõһ죬ҵɣǵʲôطѲҪźˡ
ڣҪ飬ҲԸ
֮ʱȻǽ壬ҵ滹Ǹ˵ġ
֪𡣡
ĸˣģرĸˡˮԾشۿл䣬ȴǴŵЦݡ
ЦǷĵЦݣһһ˵Լĸˣһһĸֻ˵Լ¡
·ҪַͨʽȾֻֻţĺǸ˵ģ
ѾŬˣǿֻȷʵñ΢ᡣ
ΪİﵽеԺ
һԭΪǹˣܰϲǸ˴ԸǸ˵ģҲҵļֵﵽﾡˣߣ뿪ط
ĿЩ˸ʵֻҵСˡ
ҲǾô飬ȴҪȥġ
ϵЦЩġ
ġ
ҪĻ걻ȥʱ򣬾Ӧ˽⣬һζЭˡ
ǻ˵ˣ˭ǲأ
ҪܺúõĻţ˭ǻҪȥأ
û뵽Ҫ˵ʱȴǴǰǰĮ룬ҲǴǰǰˮĶңһǾҵŮӡ
˼֪٣Ҳ֪ãֻһ˲һ졣һҲԸȥߣһֱһֱҪҵʱġ
޷ˣ
ջĿ⣬ЦĿֻȻ˵ʱûָյ˵Ǹ˭ֻȷʵģʱԼе˼;˵ֻֻҲʼնĬĬߣ˵ŴǰĹǶһء
ͬʱֻ˵ԼǰĹʱǲɵöһۡ
ǿ
ǴĵԼһòȴŲһĿľĹ
ÿһݰ鶼õģҲκˣκ۹ȥ۵ģΣ֮ǰʲôܹʲôʹ࣬ǷģǷĸ飬ֻΪ֮ݵġ
ҪΪķףҲǻ޵ĸҲԲȥ˺ǸΪʵ̫ˡ
ֻʶĽ֣Ȱο
ĵ鲻ᷢģһжྡģȥĶȥˣδӻõġ

1798 ׵£3

ֻ֪ӦôȥοΪʹֻзԼϲŻͬܣ˱Ȱ˵Ҳûа취ȥ̵Էʹࡣ
ʹȰ˵Ҳ˵ŷˡ
Ȱ˵ʱǸȰ˵˱ûģڱ˵ȴ˼
ʱֻû˵̫ĻȥοҲû˵̫Ļȥֻ̼Ǵĵ˵ôһҪ˵ĻҲֻõϣܵõԼ氮һֲһ롣
һһֱϡ
ϣܵõǷĵõİ顣
Ϊֵãһù
һùֵӵһԼ㽵ĸģҲֵȥĶԴġ
㳨Ľ̸ֻ֮ľҲԽĽˡ
ֻοԼеһëЦݣȽ֮Ȼܶˡ
֮ǰһֱûԼԼ˵ĻʵǱƣһʯͷĿһϲ²ȥߵʹںʵܡ
ںˣֻԸԼ˵ŴǰǰֻԼ˺ܶ࣬ǿʯͷҲ·Ǳ˰Ὺٱѹˡ
ʵʱھʱ򣬲Ҫ˰æʲôҪ飬޷ҪѰһȵˣ
˵ҪѰһݿԼ˼˰ˣ
ǸֻǾһԣȥԷһߣҲǻ֮аеһ˺ܴһæ
ֻ޵ĸмġ
˵ֻҲЩġ
ֻĿ⣬ü֮ʧ䣬Ȼ㳨󷽵˵ԼǰľôֻٲҴŵĻҲûʲôˣԵ̫˼ʺ׽ֻڼ鱻ֻ֮Ҳ㻺Ŀں˵Լǰľ
ʵҿֻǱϿŻһ㣬֮ǰЩҲǶǿġ
˶Źµġ
Ҳڹµеġ
ǹµˣԶ᲻ʹġ
ֻԴƳһҲǲᣬֱӺ˵ԼԽ˺üӵ飬̫˼ĹԹŮɹһԴֻ룬ſڵĶ˵
ҵ棬ҲͬһԸˣʤҵҰԼ
ҾһֻΪ֪ܺأҸƽİͷϣܴԸĻҲǻԸ⸶һеġ
ϧ
ֻ˵Լƴ֮ĹʱҲǵʹĿ⣬ü֮޵įͱˡ
ҲģŵĿʵϧʲô
ֻĽű飬Цһ˵ϧһֺԽ⿪Ķ˺ְܶ취֪Ķûг׵Ľ⿪ʲô
Ƕ˵һ
һղɾҺһ˯òȣƽͨҪЯصͷô򵥵ԸҪʱҲ쳣ѡ
ôҺһҲǾˣĺǵģȥ룬һûܰڵĶԶȥĻҾһ̬ȥ
ҪһֻûܽƴԼߵĻûܰƴǳ׵Ľ⿪ƶƴԶԼߵĻ
ֻǻġ
ûܳܵסԼİһһ뿪ԼǼǿ˵ֻҲܲסĴġ
ֻĻ֮󣬸ǲɵͷһ

ʲôĶ
Ҳİ취𣿡һ㣬û뵽ģһֱΪֻƴֳ߹ˣǲб˺ͷء
û뵽
ҪԼĿô࣡
֮䣬ʵ˲Ҳ뿪ˡ
ǣʲôط֪ǺúõĻŵģδҲһϢֻͲһˡϲ˾Ȼ˾綾
ǿʱΣյİ
ʵ
ЩʱĽűˣͬı˿Ҳվ󲻵ĽǶĽ㣬ֻĿصĿ֣̬ÿ˶Ŀԡ
ůֻԼŻ֪ʵ㲻̫нģֻǴǰĹһ˵ĳԼûа취ܾ飬ԼδӾǻʲôȴԼѡģ˵𣿡

1799 ׵£4

ֻϴŵЦݣĿ񾲵Ŀǰ¾õģҲɵûһͷһԼǰ˵Żͷһ֪ǰЩʵǴϣҲܺߡ
ԴǰЩӦǾѵģӦþԲλ࣬ӦǸ⣬ˡ
ҡĿԡ
ǲŵֻֻĿȷʵƶصĳ˵ͷԵġ
ֻᶨƵ˵ⷬ
Ҫǰǻڹȥʹ൱Уδӻкܳ·ҪߣҪţҸ˵飬ƽƽվԭػͷһֱͷĻҪǰ÷羰ں𣿡
ֻһһ룬ֻҪʱܺԼమһͬһôǧնҪˣֻҪǱ˴һģôҸ飬˵𣿡
ֻ˵棬Ҳһ鿴
ֻ˵ÿһ仰ؽֻ˵ÿһ仰ãǸжЩģĿֻ
лл㣬лл˵ⷬ
һεĽ˵ⷬȻúõĹڵġ
мĿֻֻǾ죬ʼ洧ŻɵѾ£飬ֻҲö׽
ֻҲƶһ飬Ǿǣǲ֪ĸ׵Ĵڵġ
µûǸһǸĸпϲĸ׵ġ
Ҫ֪ĸ׵ĴڵĻԲݵȻ̬ȣϾǰյʱ򾿾ǶôǹվǸŮˡ
Ǹи顣ϲҪȥҪŮˡ
򲻻һİ㣬ǺһģһĴڡ
²չǲ²⣬ʵǲһģ²ʱǻ룬ҲǻδϣҪȷ֪˵ĻôһϣҲǻᱻĨɱҪ˵ƭԼҲǲˡ
ѾˣԣʷҪӿ۶ˣԼʵǲʺʱһѩϼ˪
ѰԼĸ׵飬ҪӱĵطѰ
ǿܵĻֻҲ˺Զһ̬һƺҲһȫǣƵĺ¡
ɫˣѾﵽԼĿģֻ㲻ٹˡ
㣬ʱˣұȻȥˡ
пյĻٺúõĽ̸ҴˣȺúõ׼һ£Ҫɡ
ֻĳź˹֣׼ͬ𣬲ȷʵֻѵº˵ЩˣȻദʱݣת֮䣬ֻҪֱ뿪ˣܶĲᣬҪֻԶĴԼߣ֪ǲܵġ
ֻǳ̫ԼǿߵĻǾֻԸƴҲǲϵġ
˼ȥֻҧŴԥŵֻǡ
Ժ󻹻ú˵Ļ𣿡
ۺ֮ǱҪ뿪ˣǲպǾûĻˣ
ܶʵҲ׵ġ
ֻЦſǰͲģοţûϵǲμĳ״֮뿪ظԵĹңɿͨţڹȶ֮ҪǰҳúõˣĻҲд㣬һͬȥ棬δر˵𣿡
ֻҪžͻϣȻֻǴҴһȴѵõͶԵ
Եֻ֣ҪǱ˴ﻹǹű˴ˣôԶľ룬ҲһӦˡ
ɵĵ˵ͷȻֻ̫˵Щ飬Ǵֻ˼ġ
·ҪСĺá
ֻ΢Цŵͬӵſ
ˣʱҪ߸˵һƯƯӣ飬Լͽţ֪𣿡
֪ˡ
úõչ˺Լġ
İɣ
ֻԼȰ˵صĵͷ
ȻֻҲ㲻ٶͣȥʱˣĸ֮ǳŹߡ
ÿֻȥӰٺҲǿֻȥӰǰߡ
ʺΣ

1800 Ŭߵ

ʲô֮
ٺ⻰˼̸ֻḶ́Ρ
ֻûйΪֻ߸ʹ˰ӣ
Ͼʵ̫ˣ˺ЩŮ˹ĶǵİٺϣڿӵʱҲǲɵþȡ
ˮŮӣˮһ㡣
κúõشڵҲӦǸ漣ˣ԰ٺϵĹĵʱЦҡҡͷûУҺϲ
ԺҪң㲻öӷˣֱ˵˵ͺá
෴ٺϵľԣȻ㳨ʹŷԸٺЩ˼ѹԼЩȣ˵ͷǣū֪ˡ
պ̫Ļū澻ֱӷеġ
ܺãܰĵԼ˵ԼĴ¿ˮ֮ԼľׯϷ»ҲǸ˼ͼᶨ
һúõŬΪѧϰеЩ̹أȡܹվߣ˵
֪ģԼԶԶĲ㣬ʲôϵأ
ֻҪϲģôٶŬֻҪгһôǺܸ˵ġ
ֻĴӻʺ޵ƴǵӰҲڲԶվŵԼʺ޵һһûӵù˫ۡ
Ҳȷġ
Ͼں»ʺ󣬲»ʺֻҲ֮е飬ʱ۲ߵҲ⡣
ֻǰƴǵߣʱƴҲĿ񾲵ؿֻĿڣô
ȻڹǸǽжֻƴ˽̸ʱһ㣬ǲ֪ʵ飬ȻڽʲôʱǵǸˣҲû˿ıܻ䣬ɿĽ̸ԼҪʵ⣬˱˴֪֮ԷҪ˵ʲô㹻ˡ
˵֪͵˽̸Ļ֮󣬰˼˵Ļʲô˼
żأ
ƴǵ⣬ֻЩεҡҡͷ˵ǵ治֪ġ
ųװģܸܵõӦҲǸܺ߰ɡ
ֻ˵ʱвɵòһЩϵֻǿ
ԸԵϲĻֻԥĴʹܵеĳͷϧǣų谮Ϊˣĵˡ
ܹ˵ĶŮˣŮ˺οΪŮˣһ±ֻ治˺ˣҪ˵Ĵ̼ĻҲûʳڡ
ûϵ
ƴǿֻϵʧ䣬Ȼȥ˺Ҳûа취ٴ֣ǵǹغĸ׵飬һǶϢֻʧҲеġ
ƴüһ漴˵
İ취ǲ֪ģǣֻҪһҵᡣ
ҡ
ƺҲǺ޲ġ
ֻ뱯˺ʧеʱƴͻȻô˵ȴֻ£ţ
˵
ֻЩȷƴǣ̬ȴܿıƶʲô·𣿡
š
ֻڿƴǵʱɢŹģĿƴǣȴƴǿڣ֪ƴһԼʧġ
ʲô飬ֻҪƴԼߣôǾԿ԰ȻķĲ١
Ȼֻεע֮£ƴǻĵ˵ͷ
ǡ
žȥǸ»ʺ̸ʱҲȥġ
Ƚֻ֮øŮ̸֮Ҫ֮׵Ķģ仹ƴǺ˼֮䡣
Ƚֻļ׻ǸӵЩɺͼˡ
ƴǺ֮Ľ̸νǿĵ⽣ӰֻǶ̶̼仰ǰպˣǽ˿꣬ƴʵ˵
ҵȷһЩֻ֣ڻȷҪһЩʱúõ֤
ȷ֮߸㣬Ȼ˵Ҫװ׵ĸһʱ޾ʧˡ
á
ֻûаϻֱӵĵͷˣһĻûʳ
ǳڶƴǵΡ
ֻҪƴôڣֻѾ˾Ųʮ³˼ִˡ
һ˼֮ˣǲ˵ʲôʲô¶Ȼǻʮаյġ

1801 һԵ

һֻ֪⻰Ѿ˵ϣȻûֱӵĸֻƴ˵ʱü飬ֻѾȷû߰˷ֵĿܵĻƴҲǶȻǰ˵Լġ
㹻ˡ
߰˷ֵİգҪԼĺõĶࡣ
ǻȥɣ
ֻƴӰҴҵ뿪
ʱȴվڴǰֶģü΢ϿĿ⹬еķ
ڹµ˶æµţ׼׵Ĵ䣬ȷʵûаĸˣüģһصģ
һЩ۵Ŀ㡣
ΪҪǰʾĻʵۣ
ߵƶĳղڹй¶ʵƴǵģֺοƴǱأ
ҲΪԭƴǲŻ˵Լǲȷ
ȷǲȷǴʲô˼ǲȷǴʲô뷨
ԣƴǲŸֻ˵Ҫһʱ̽һ£ʲô顣
Ŀ꣬ѵõ¶ƣ
綼֪ģֺαͬ˵ܻΪңл˲²⣬߱һģһòЩҲסġ
Ȼûָգȴöеĺ壬˵һģһȻָֻ˵ò
Ƶòɵ˵컨׹ƴǺֻҲŵġ
Ȼˣֺαȥ˷ʱʹأ
ʵ˵ʵ
ϳֻʱҲޱȵ𺳵ġ
ô꣬ӱһĺԼȥԼ޵ңպͬģ𱨸˸˺ӵ飬ҲһֱĲ
ô֪֮ǰйһιģȴȥȥ˽⣬ȥ˴ʲô
֪֮˵ûС
Ծһֱô꣬ѡԵĽ޹ӵҲûȥĺӵΡ
͸Ҫ̸ȥݺĺˡ
ֻЩ鲢ӱܾͲڵģͿԼװʲôûзġ
ЩΪӱܶԽԽŵĸԽǿŵ޿ɱܣ޿ӵʱЩȥԵǸӻٱ䱾ĥ
Ȼͬڣϼֻһ۵ʱǸʱ˼𺳵ġ
˵ʵҲû뵽ŮȻǰ𣬼ֱһģһģ̳һ㣬һһЦһһǰƣҪʲôôܻ˵ڵ۾ûйˡ
ֻǰ㣬 ƴǵʱǳĹǷѺڣҲЩ㱣񡭡
ʱֻص˶ǰصʱ
Ǹʱڵֻǰ㣬ɣһ̫ǰҫۡ
ϧ
زȥˡ
һжزȥˡ
ȻֶǿеĽԼ޵ѾϲԼģȴԶûа취Ȼˡ
ʵпʵһֱ֪ģֻԸŰˣҪԼҪˡ
ֻĳ֣ǰǿнԼصʵ֣òȥԡ
ҲԼһ֮ֻԼȷƵģǼȷʵġ
᲻ǲһĽ֣
᲻ֻ˵Ů֮Ů
ǸöðŮѾӣǻҸ°ɣҲҸˣʼǻڹȥԸʵ
ϧѽϧһ򲽲
ɹˣһʱվǻûںޱȣԼĹ¶
ǿˣԸʱߵġ
ΪԼʯĳûеõԼҪõȨ֮ǰǾԲ׶һŮģǸŮӺвŻǸŮӺòҲɲᶯҡġ
ϧûܼʱķԼ⣬ڵĴ
ʵЩʱǴˣǹˡ
ǶѾ˵Ǹ¶ΪȥͿصˣҲû˵Ǹ¶ϲ
֮䵽Ǵѽ
ŻὫĿϡ
ǿԼȥǰ֮ĹǿԼӻ䵱ִִֵ߳ڹȥǿԼЩټΪۡ
ҲǸǿԼȥ

1802 ˵ʱȷ

˵ҪΪ»ʺʱķĵġ
һ˶ʵ̫ʹˡ
Ҳ벻ԼִֺͼϣҲǰ߳ǰӰϧ

˶Įڵ»ʵۣԶǸ߸ϵģĮһûзڵģֻٸҹҹҹߣֻΪĺǱһ۵ܵ
ǸֻѰĸ׵ôҲı¡
ķڷҲûʲôÿ飬⻹һҪԭ򣬾ѾԼô꣬Ҫʼն֪ôҲǼȤ顣
Ҳ֪һߵ˼ˣ﾿һ͸롣
ҲΣ֮ʱ𻹻᲻־
ֻôѡ
Ǻǰġ
Ƚ˵Ļʺѡʼնֻһˡ
ô˵˳Ĭ֪ôȻǵõһУΪĿĽĶڣֻԵӼ֣֪ʼǴźġ
ЩܱûôҪģΪãʼǻ棬ԽԽԽܣԽԽ꣬ΣҲֿܡ
Ҫǵûôô
ҪǵʲôʲôʱֻһͬĽ
ʱǺܼ򵥵ģûʲô˾ǣû뵽ȻǰŮˣֺǷĳһ̶ֳ˵ͬͺ֮ܶġ
ҲΪʱõЩֶΣŸԣ

Ӧ˵Ѿﵽ˳Եĳ̶ȣ
ų벻ˣ
Ϊҵ˵ƭ֮
ϧ˳һеЩɴֶ𺳡
Ĳ壬ǵڹô궼ûһ
ҵļƻҲΪľ͹ϣòƳôꡣ
浱Ƕϲ㽵ģһɣһҲļģĸġ
˳ԼݲˣҲǿԿŬȥӮġ
Щ˾жôжôĳʵڵѾɳˣҼҲǲ⺳ġ
ôô飬Ψȴһ⣬Ǿ
ôȥҲþһеֶˣʼûת⡣
˵һµս
Ҫ𣬲ǴϵģǴԼҰ棬ҪԼٴεϲԼ
һʮָӵĸ飬ϲкޣвʣнϾ֡
˵滹ЩڴŵģѵһҲǻ¶˼Ц⣺ƣ˵ĸŮ˼ʱһʵı֣
˵ʱĴǺȻ΢΢һĨЦݣЦƿȷʵĴ˸սǾϣʱĵһָоǾǣϣ־µơ
ʵؽԼе뷨
ܣĸŮ˻һͬҪԸ
ʱΪеģ㲻ֻЩˣҲǻվĶģ
Ƹ꣬ҲΪԸ˵ʵˡ
ȻҲΪ˵ʵǨŭȥ
˾㽻̸֮һתתǽŵüͷҲ˲ɿ
ƣ㲻õʱһǾ𣿡
˵ҵȻЩȲˡ
Ѿ̫öûжˡ
ǰҵʱһʱż߻ǻЩ۵İʯͼ谭ǰĵ·Դ֮Щ۵ĶǷļ򵥡

ô ȥ֮󣬼Ѿû˸ҺԼˣ
񡭡
ҲǾβսĸоˣ
ϴżаȵЦݣƻһ𣬹ĳ˹֡
ǣӣ˵Ķԣʱһ׳ۡ
ǾĿԴɡ
ĿڣͻȻʲôҪһ㣬˵ӣ֮ǰΪһֱںͳĻϽ̸һǱūŸѹó͸һ°ɡ
üĽϱأҳ˴¡

1803 ǻ᲻ỳ

ǰŵҵӲûϸ˵ֻ˵ֽдҲûԴ򿪡
ǵȴ˵ˣҪǶôæµޱȣҪȥֽ㱨Ϣġ
ƲΪʲôҪϢôǻӰ쵽ǰ̺˵ġ
ɫصؽеֽ˹Ŀؿֽصݣרעþö˵ƵҲǶʱ޵ĵǡ
ӣôˣ
ǲ㱨ģʲôϢ
ɫ̫ãƺ̽ŵʳڣҲûж˵ֱӽֽ͵ƵǰԼȥۿ
ƽӹٵĿֽ𾪵ֽ㱨Ϣ
⡭Ȼôʵľˣ
ֽ¼鲢ģǰ¶ΪТ飬ƵĿ𺳣ܾ̫ΣͻȻ˷˼
࿹ҵ⻹ûʽֳʤأȻѾˣ
δҲ̫ˣ˵һ޷׽Ѿ˵ʵ
ߣЩؿң֮Ѿ˾֪ˣϣ̳ҵˣҲоϵˡ
˸һֱڰнϾ˭Ҳ䣬˭ҲϺһصȥˣɻ󣬵ʱǰ׿Ī磬Ҳ˵ˡ
㽹ģʱȷʵû̫ı飬Ϣ㱨ʱĿһҲǿٵѹȥ˵ûʲôвӰ죬ֻ̾ˡ
ԼҲǽɶֵġ
û뵽ȴԼϧίʵ̫ϧˣҲôһֱԼĶͷӦԣ߹
ûʲôպͺµĻôһ˵ǾԼǰ߹Ǹ˷ô౦ʱ䣬Ľû˼ʱ˷һûʲôô˵ϡ
ôǣ
һȥ
ҵļ᲻ỳİ
һֱߣʱһֱæŽ³飬ϾȥԸǸӰȥٵ͸Ҫ˵ıˣ֪ӶʲôǱȷʵ֪ġ
ôУ飬»кܶ˻ʶĻΪˣ
ƽ޹ʵľ͸һˮϴ֣
ҼסͲ˺ԣΪǸУеĹϣƽ޹ʵҪȥ˱ڹҪȥܲóܵʹࡣ
Ļʵ̫ίˡ
ᡣ
ƵĵĵʱȴƶĻشô֣ᡣ
ǵģǲᡣ
ʲôԸ˽⣬ҼЩҵĳҲʶģ֮ǰǵĵȷȷĽԼĶһڣҪԸĻӦǹȥȥӮٽԼĽ¡
Ϊ̫ںݣΪԼأҪԼһĽֳĸ֮ϵӮˡ
˰гȥɱ
ҪôĻˣԼ
ҪɱĻɱˣûôеҪԼǻôŵʱȥ˰
ұĽУǼҪӮģŵպĳ֮󣬽ݺݵزڽ£ŲܿǱھôˣ̫ˣʹˣ
ô룬ҵļҲ֪ġ
ǵ޹ֵĻȱֱǰ£ҪϢҪԼԼţŵ֪Ϣ
ƶʱһһģ˵ͷǱ̫ˡ
˲֮ԩˡ
ЩһֱǸߵģҲۿһһģǸ˿ߵܺĵλͳ̶ȣҼǰҲǲ̫Ŀ

1804 Ŭȥϱ

֮ܲԩôض̫̫̫ԩˡ
ȻҵЩ˻Ϊ¶ƽ޹ʵԩȴûаɣ
Ϊô꣬ʼûܳ׵Ľѹȥ
ȴҼķ֮⣬ҲһĲܵģ
϶ֵ㣬һӱܣΪֻзֵ˵е㣬аֵ˽˸ɫʵȥǸˣѰһȥˣ
ԣ棬ĶλһǺġ
֪ܺ࿹⣬綼ǵĵȷȷҲԼıµģϾǶֵˣõĻôЦ
Ǹص˾Ȼĺֱӽɱ
˿ɼǸɱˣֶҪվڱ˲ֵֵˡ
պвҲԻ
úõĲһ飬ô£Ҫһ
ţ㻺ؿڣȵǴ޵ϳƿڷԸ
ԣƻһ𣬺ܿģǺ˼
ΪⲻֻҪ׷飬飬йãҪ¡
ǣӡ
֪Ӧȥһ߾ȫȥ飬ʧġ
ĵ˵ͷƵӰѸٵʧڵĹ֮ڣǰȥҲ̽ܲܲ鵽ʲôˮʯӰһվοյ񻨴ĴǰĿԶĿŹľ
߻Ŀһ޼ʵ죬ûʵĹڵס磬Ķ·صıҲ֪澿ʲô
һջߣĿ⻺ĳ޵ȥֱֱıڵĹ
ʱˣҲʱȥˡ
Ҳܺ档ֻ빬Ǻ˵ʲô飬ŻǰˣȻ˵ԺֻҪǱֱӽԼǰͨⷬˡ
˵ס
滹Ƕ޷ĸġ
£ǸֻֻŮɼҲǺŹϵģҲǸȤġ
ֻߺǸ˵޵ѧԼѧĹء
ұ֮ǰǰ᲻£ڵҸǰģػһ㡣
Ȼĵ޵ʱ򣬰ٺ죬㳯밲ͬкȴǵЦŵİ˰ֹ֣ס˰ٺϳϢĵһԣĿһһѧĲӵģ
һ͵
ȥһͣ˽ŲЩĳ˹ϣʲôʱġ
ôʱҲðٺͨһó檺ӭ㰡
˵ʱղԾظ˼Ĩ糺죬Ĩһû뵽æ֮лԼȻ
ԼŵǷһǱġ
뵽ԽĲ˼ǲȥֱ۾Щִٵĵͷǲ⡣
ȻŶʱܶʱǱȽϱ׾ģΪŬģȴǿģů󻮹
Ѿܾá
ܾöûԼˡ
ԴȨ֮ҪʸȨƵŮ˲Щ˲ôֺֻҪϵõôˣ
һֱҲǴĵЩŮ
ʵҲϣиŮˣǵϲԼ
ʲô˵ʲôΪϲԼˣΪԼݣΪҪλȥıôģ
棬ϣԼܽеĿͰⶼתϵģҲ䲻ĥˡ
֣ض˵ûϵ
мʱ䣬ԺúõѧϰѧõĻҲҪʱ޻ǣ֣һһһ̤ͬϵۺıû˸Цġ
Ŀᣬ˵ʱͳ磬ĺС¹ײһźͺߣǺþöûйĸоҲпܣΪֻ֮ǰ˵һӰ̣źˡ
ܶõĻǿʱĸҲ֮Ż˱仯
õʱ򣬲ǿ춼ˬǺ鲻ãĵҲ̫ƽ޹ʵ¡
ģһúõѧϰ

1805 ǹ

ĳ͹ĵʱҲԵһĨЦݣǸ˵Ŀ֣ص֤ĵɢЦݣ̫ţ̫⣬ǰûпġ
һʱ֮䣬Щ
ʵܳúֻһòǵӣֻΪǰЩ˱̫ӺųǺúõòûźĺúõıֳ֮ǰҲǻὫòۿ۵ģ˿ű᲻Ȥ
û˻ϲһ˵ΨΨŵŵԸˡ
ںˣֻİο֮ԸҲÿ֮ǰ޵ԱУ˵Ҳϸģȥֱ
£ٿǰסһϸ

ʶľ
ٺϺǶʱģеȻشūһͬˡ
޵ʱֻʣˡ
֪ɫȴԽĺˡ
µȻ֪ʵڿԼʱʲô飬ʲô뷨
ϡ
̽ŵһƳһ۹ɫѾ˳ȥ޵İٺϺĹǣЩ˼ؿ˵ڻδء
ҡų֮ǰŮ˫ҪԱܻأų֮ղܼ
檣ǲǲ̫ã
Щʱ䣬Ҳѧ˲ٵĹغڳ׵ҲԵ˽ˡ
ͻȻ׽Ǿò˼ˡ
룬ڿ΢΢ĿܵʱûаǾѪţҲü
ǰԼǱϹϾٰ˳ӣȻζڵȴǻһġãǾͶ֮䶼ɢǸе˵Ʋ۾ԽԽϲ޲ںݺݵسһԶĽԼߣԶĶ뿪Լ
滹һĺڡ
ҪǵʱԼܿڵ⣬͸ϻʵ۵ĻǲǾͲ˺ô
ŻῴԼԶǴһСֺ
ͻȻǰֱӴ𣬻ĳ޵Ĵ˹ȥһʧһ
ܿ㷴Ӧ˫ֽĲϸĶ˵ϣ檺
ǱŮ˶ˮ
ʱ͸˵ƻ˲һ㣬ӣСں촽ҲǽΣҲûֱȥ
ʱʯˤڵϵȴɫʹ࣬Ǵӵصϣô򵥵飬쳣ļѣʱ죬Ĺ·Ǳˮϴһ㣬ȫʪˡ
޵ȴֻò׹̸ģû˵˶ٻֱ뿪ˣ˾Ȼǰܵ飡
ʯĿǺ⡣
ʵôװĶֺģĮ飬ʵôܻ޶ԣ
ˣ겻ʶĮԡ
ôİôĺôһ֮䰮磬޸أ
֮ԼװɵĮģֻΪ˱ҲΪ˱Լѡһ㣬ŻǰٰĮ롣
ĥҲĥԼ
ףԶزȥˡ
ľԶûа취ָóȥˮҲԶûа취ջȥ
ֻҪѣǰȴ׵飬ҲһһϦ֮ܽеĸȫ롣
ô꣬һֱߣ˼룬ӴģֻһˣǱˣҪȥ°˵ʱ䶼ûС
λҪ뿪طϧȴǺ
ʵǰһλᡣ
ǸʱͻȻӵܵϢҴҵ뿪˷䣬ʯҵĴҲδļرˡ
ŵſڣȴÿɫԼǰǶԼзĥֽʯң߱ڿ
Щ˲ҹ޵棬µľһʲô£ֻڼϲ©ûߣʱҪ׷Ҳˡ

1806 Իͷ

ʵ
ôĵȷûôˡ
һֺǸӵĸ飬ȷǰģǣ޹鲻ޣϾҲô飬ҲֻôֻصϢ
ܹеġ
ϧûȵ𳹵׻תʱ򣬱תĻͬĥ
ǳ׾˺޾ɺõĻᣬǷʲô𶼾Բԭˡ
ᡣ

滹һ˿ڡ
֮Ҳԭͷģϧͷδü׵ļᶨֱִݻ١
Ҳǡ
һʧˣٴθΣ
ǽɽ׸ģƵġ
˵һδ󣬾ͻ᷸ڶΣܵʲôʱ֮ǰ˺һһĿĿڣϲ²ȥ
ԶĶΪ֮Ѻۡ
˵ʲôʱͻ֣һΣ
ʯɺ죬ŵصϣʱȻҲȻĳʯҵУʱĿĸ
Ҳ֪ûע⵽𷽲ŵⷬǱģ
ڴڵĴŴ˾ʯҵĿԣ˴˵Ŀ⿴ű˴ˣȴ˭ûȿ˵
ãȿ˵
պұҪˡ
ΪѣǲӦùϲһ£
Цһ£أ
ҵףʲôҪģ
ҪҵףõĻĺ޲
ǰ㼥񣬻˵ĻĴʹ۾ġ
ɫδĻʺ㡣
ģ㳤ú񣬵ȴ㣬һúõĶⱲůȥǻ㡭һת˲ĿǱϬˣֻʱǰյĵطţֻĻЦֻ˲ˣ
Ǻǡ
ǺǺǡ
㿪֮ЦһЦأ
أ
ô
ȻĿĴﵽˣӦø˲ǣΪοɫõĻʵۣƺǱô⣬ʧ˷ִ磬һ˲ˣǰĿֺҸ

𣬲ܵʲôʱ۹ôϬǿķӦ˵Ļ֪ڵĸˡ
ǹе˶⣬Ը˵ָˣҲôȥʵڱ˴֮໥ĥ˭֡
ǣΪ֣Ϳ˵Ǵǰĳޱ㵱˵ĳޡ
ʱ¹ԡ
Ĵۣ˶õʱ䣬ǸеһǸгԳܵĺڵΪҪԼǰ
ΪҪϷˣԼ
ĲôͿƭġ
ȻҪгĴۣлں
ԼЦɫ˲øˣʱ䣬ǰץס°ͣǰ׺Ŀ⣬޲ҪֱӽԵһ㣬ǿԼĿӣ˵һΡ
ס°֮ҲǱ˺ѵ飬ǼЦȴǴд˳ĿĿĺܿɱ
֪ԼҪʲôŻ֮ǰôĹŻһѵľأŻ᲻ֶνߣĸԸĸ㣬ʧܣһԶ޷ֲĹҲһӶûа취Ҫȥɵ顣
Ǻܿɱ
ҿһ׵׵ʧߡ
˵⻰ʱͻȻЦ˳ǰĿ⿴ʱ۳Цġ
ҵǸ߳ŭʧߡ
ǺǺǡ
ǺǺǡ˵ԼĳЦĻҲ˱ŭ֣߬Ĳ˫ģ޲ý̻һ㣡
Ϣʹ˲㳯ѹ˹𴭲
𼴱ǸϢĸоȴûгİ䡣
ΪԼҪʱͻȻſ֡
µõҵĿһ󣺡ȿȿȡ
ȿȿȡ
ǰǱӣȴĿƵؿ˵ǡ
ҳθҵȷǸʧߣǸ߳ŭʧߣأ

1807 Ҳͬʧ

Ҳͬʧܡ
ֻı㽫иҡ
˵ҪȢ㣬ˣΪ˱ȥ޸һ㲻ϲˣ˺ӡ
Ǹ׾ӵı취
Ϊ˱ĵ˱ѡ˺Լ
ͱĲϲ˼֮ף
ڸ飬ȷǺӢǳϹϵͬģҲô
ٱʱ˾ôǿƺʹϻۣڸһʱǸֿˡ
һ
֪Ϊʲôôҽҵߣȴû𣿡
Ϊġ
Ŀ䣬Ǵм֡
ĵִĴǴ˳ҧгݵĿڣΪҾܶġ
㲻㣬Ըȥһǵѵ¥ŮҲԸ㣬𣿡
Цŵ˵ô仰ٶֵɫ˲һıҲûӵù񣬱պÿ


ĪģҲǸźҵ˻ͽȥһ㣬㾽ȵģĿڵɢ˳ȥ
˼ı취ȻżЧġ
˺ͬʱҲĿڴ˼
ⲻҪǱˣֻҪ˺ô˵ֵõģʹģ˵ġ
˵ףĸܲԼŮȥˣӡ
ʵ
Ƿֱ֮طһ𣬱ע֮ĸҪΪˡ
ֻһ㣬Ըϰˣ
ĿѾﵽתȥ𣬶»ص޵С
ʱڴϣ˯ⰲȣͷһǣؽڻУϵı飬ʧһ㡣
ɲ֮ǰĹȥΪǸʱûаΪҲΪǶ˵ȴһǸʱŵģȻﶼ಻ɳӣûа취ǿ˵Լȥϵһжӵйģ
˯εеЦۣһҸһԾؽĻУҲǽ磬ʯȴһֱϣĴۿл䡣
Ѿܾã𶼲ˣϣҲûκֵᡣ
û뵽ڽĴ̼֮󣬾¡
ܶͺ֮Ĳһ
Ϊǲϲةģ֮ԻºӲҪˣǺӣҲǲκεĸ飬⣬û뵽ʱ꣬ٶԼӵʱ򣬵֪úõĻϣԼֻһǽ֮ʱ澹Ȼǰļ޲ܿЩȥԼĺϡ
֪ô겻ĺôˡ
ǲǹĺܺá
ΪԼǲȥϲŮˣʲô۹Լģû뵽׿˵ǰ˵Ļ֮ҲǱһܡ
ɫĳ׵ĻʹʵȴǸʮĵĵء
⹬ˣûһи˵ģ
˻ʹֻƴǱǸµسվȥ
ʱվУֻΪֻһܺõĻ̥ΪֻܸʱͿռ䣬ֻлȥоϾʲôĶ
ЩоҩǸصĺ˵Ĳٿء
ֻƴǵӰصվ֮һɫӰȴȻĴվ
һ澡Ӱ磬ŵüͷȴǿĿѸٵĳŹǰ˹ȥǴ㣬ҹ̽ʹˣ
ҲǻǸ»ʵΪҪȥ̽ҪһԾ̤빬֮ʱȴǱһӰͻȻ֣˹ǽ֮⡣
˭
һʶĳֱ֣ǳԼӰȥ
顭
˲䣬ߺһӰһţȻڼ֮ӰȻڣСҡ
嶯
ûб˼
ӰĿ
ǡϼҼ
˻
ʱҪʲô
ȻҸ
һĹϼҼǰﻹΪϼҼǴ֪ѶˣֻʱϢأû뵽ϼҼȻԼվҪ빬һԼ

1808 

ϵı鲻̫ãֱǽϼҼԼָ俪ˣǳʲô
¡
ϣиǴһֲƶ
ʱµʱϼҼĴڣҲˣҲͬһʶǷǳʱڣǷǳ
ҪȥѰԶıģʲô飬ʲôˣû赲ȥĽŲ
£ѾǻƹܴȥܴҲҪԴȥ
ҪĻôǸ˭ﶼһĽǸ·˸
ϼҼҲ赲ĽŲ
һֱ̧֮ʽĳϼҼȥ
ͨ
ͨ
ӰýݣֵٶȸǼ졣
ϼҼĿһû뵽书ߣЩмܲסͻȻѣǺܿģϼҼ޷Ȱ˵֮󣬱Ҳ̧֣ͬ书⣡
ڵ̫ˣҪǺúõĺ˵޷ܵĻôֻܶ 书ֳߵͣǿеĽѹסϼҼлὫ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ҪǼʱȥʹ²ϢǻΣյУʱ򷴵ǵòʧˡ
꣡
꣡
ͨͨ
ʱɫѾˣҲıģϼҼӰȴڹǰĺǼҡ
ϼҼĿ⽥˼ɫôȥǻᾪŵ˻ʳʱ˵ǻȥѰˣǻֱӱֵץǱǺҲǰ˻ˣ
ͬģҲһ뷨
ǴȥѰԼĽģϢ
ϼҼôһ֡
ˡ
ºˡ
ǲõŹЩԼĴڣֱӾϼҼˡ
ʲô˼
ôȥҽ㣡
ҧгݣЩ޿ˡ
㵱̫ˣ
Ҫôֵ̧ ϼҼӰһҲʱϢ
ϼҼ״Ŀ˵⹬֮Ѿ̽ˣϱʵۺͻʺĴ֮䣬ʹżڽ䱸ɭϣʱ洳ȥҲ޼£գУùЩ˾裬ʱҪȥѰĽҲˣ
ϼҼͷΡ
ǿƶıף֪ôЭĵģ
ҪȥԵĻҲ˵ʲô׸ĿżпϣĻʹҲǲ̤ŵġ
֮ʱϼҼٿǰֱǿס
ͨͨ
ţϼҼǼ£˲书ǳûסˣԲˣСڵ̫ʺ빬ȥ̽ǻһվɣҪ빬÷Ҫ͵͵
ϼҼϵѨǿнﱧڻУһ·۵ĳվ汼˹ȥһСĽ·Żص˴ϣȴûֱӽ⿪Ǻ˵ѧĺŷ
֪ڵЩǲ˵ʲô㶼ȥ
ңҲǲϵѨ⿪ġ
ϼҼҲˣҲںôһˣϼҼϵıνǱѨڴϲ˵ܶʱȴĿݺݵĵϼҼ
ҲǱѨûа취˵ģһὫϼҼƿڴѪͷ
ǡ
Ů˶鷳ģ
书ǿȻûвǵԸߣṦȴѧĳ뻯£㲻ʣݹĹУҪҵܺ࿹ṦˣҲҲġ
ԡ
ŻĶԼġ
˶ǵõأ»ʵҲѰˣȥսǣ˵ȴûʲôҪģ
빬֮м¶˷ˣҪҲ練Ƶ飬ûǱƴṦҽֶǿȫˣ
ƺһУ
û뵽ؼʱϼҼµĺһš
ֱǡ
ֱ˱ˣ
ҪڻѨˣĺȸϼҼιһҩٺݺݵʰһΣ£
а취

1809 

ϼҼǿҪ˵ģæ˵ˣŵˣȻܺĹĹ࿹⣬ҲǽеĶ֮ǹȥ»ʵ۵ǻҲǲܾġ
𣿡
ȻϼҼ˵仰֮Ŀ⵱еķߺ޽ļˣϼҼҲոǰǻࡣ
Ȼ
ǽϼҼ˼ȥˡ
ҲǶϼҼⷬ˱ϵĸı䡣
Щת䡣
ϼҼ̽ŵҷŹκһ飬ȷﵱеɱ˺ܶ࣬ϼҼŸҼ̽ŵĿ˵
СʲôǶǧҪһ˳嶯㲻ң㲻ǻֶŮֶŮ𣿡
ԽԼ뷨ȥˡ
һͬ飬Լһȥգ˵𣿡
ϼҼƳ
еĿضϼҼϡ
Ŀ໥ӣһʱ֮䷿֮ЩĵȷȷûĶϼҼٵ˼ο˵⿪ѨҪӦһҪˣ𣿡
ϼҼ̽ǰ⿪ϵѨûмҲû˵ĻǾص⿪ѨϼҼԵķȫѨ⿪ˡ
ȻķӦǵ潫ϼҼĽ棬ҲϼҼһ
ʵЩʱһñŵĻôƱҪЩ滰ģ˵ļٻĻôҲǻûпŶȣҲû˻š
ֻа٣ɣ˵ѵģԼֲ壬Լ˵ĵǼٻ滰ʱ򣬲ŻɹƭˣԲǳɹģȻͬϼҼ֮Ĺϵ
ĸ飬ϼҼҲǲȷԼʲô顣
Թޣйۣܹʱ˿ϼҼǵΪ룬ϣƽƽģϣʲôΣա
Ļ±ϼҼҲṢڻܾö޷Ȼˡ
ô
ϼҼ֮ڿͬϼҼһͬδļƻ
ֻ򵥵һ仰ǱѡѡϼҼһΣ
һεġ
һΣ
ϼҼЦݣҲǸŻϲ˵ģǿԹŵĽȥݷǸ»ϣ˳Ƶвιֻۣ߿ֻƴ빬ʱǶ˴ϣȻǶװǱʹȥ̽Ϣǻɺܶˡ
ϼҼѵƽľһ𣬹ͬβ䣬˵Ļĺг
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼһ̬Ľ̸ţ֮ǰŵʱ򣬻ڳʱ֮ҪԣҪôϼҼＫֶεĥ
ҪôϼҼĮ룬ܹһֱò룬δйһ̣뷨һģҲԲôԸˡ
ϼҼ˵ԼĽһĬУǿóϱأ˼žӦѡ
ϼҼŵĿע֮£ǿ˿˵
ȻˣǱֻƴһͬǰȥɡ
ϼҼݣǴĵ濹ܵġ
Ҳ˵ֻ˽¡
ﲻ뽫ŸǣУߣڵϼҼﶼûʲô̫ĹϵˣҪΪԼȥŵĻҲǻⲻȥ
ϧˣȻͬϼҼ˵»ʵ۲ǵ֮ԲǽĲõĻҪƽ޹ʵţ
ǲǣˣʲôֻҪԼȥӦԾͿˡ
ˣܲҪǣͲҪǣ
ƴǺֻͬ׵ˣһҲ㲻ۺǣ
֮Ҳ㲻Ǳǣˡ
ǴԼһǰȥʹͷϼҼҲǻ¶ЦݣɵһûãȰģĲ֪Ӧôȥźˡ
˵ʱֻƴӰҲЯ»صվ֮ڡ
ǵȥԼĽ飬ϼҼҲǺʶȤģûмŵ
ǻˣʲôȥֱȥɣұ㲻ˡ

1810 ҪЦ

ϼҼЦЦЦֺõζ
εƳһϼҼȴûм֣Ǿһ˳Żֻƴȥ룬Ӱʧ˷֮ڵʱ
ϼҼǰȴͻȻһӰЩԾ˫Ǿ衣
˭
˭
Ҫʲô
һ˲ϼҼĿ˳ϼҼĿĳŵǸ̽
Ƚ֮£ǺȻֵȴҪȻˣϼҼʣֻǵЦЦǺǡ
˵ףҲϼҼôݣһأ
ھȻǺ͵Цǻ˵ı΢ȻΪֺһŮ˶˵ĳ̶ȡǡ
µĻصĺûټ˵ȥˣֻﵱеļЦǲֱӿڣϼҼҲʲô˼

ԣصĺûаѻ˵ȫǶϼҼ̼ǿҡ
ûй
ûҰģ
Щ˱ǷŭĴȻгһҲϼҼϣʱϼҼúǿЦ
߳ƵϼҼλûй
ûҰأ
ΪȣѲԼǰƵ˵ͷɷ졣
ؼʱͷǵ泼ŸԶͼıôûйûУûоأ
صĺô֣ô仰ĴʹϼҼģҲϼҼ޷ܱ˴űǳ
˶ʲôʱֵҵǰָָ㣿
ϼҼô⼸ʮԴŵϼҼ֮󣬱û˸Լǰҫû˸
ǰʲôҰҰèȻҲǰлȻЦ
ϼҼɫֱֱ̧ӳصĺ˹ȥ
ڵľȻĿʾˣʲôʸҵǰ˵ģҵ黹ֲ֡
ϼҼɫѿҪŲѵĿԣҪֺֻƴǣҪǰô˵ĵģĺ˵
Ȼ踺أϼҼŸͼıġ
ǵЩ״ǰصĺ˺ĸʱ򣬱ϼҼķߺͻȻ࣬˶ָָ㣬ǵЦ
˵ʲô׵صĺ˶ȥָֻˣ
飡
ͨͨ
˲䣬˱Ǵ֣һţֻԱϼҼĲƣǸصĺ˵ʽ
ҪϼҼ֣һϸҲҪϼҼҪϼҼģֻǣ˵ϣǲ̼̼ϼҼ»᲻֪ϼҼ澿ûа
һ鵹Ҳصĺ⡣
С
ϼҼԸУûбʵʧȥǻѪգ
ͺã
һˣܵʲôʱʼն ҪѪպͰģǲķȻֻҪǱѪպͰǲܶͣ˶ôΣյ飬ģ
ǰ㣡
һ㣬صĺŲɣ
ꡣ
صļּ́¹򣬱ǽϼҼĹ䵽һԣԼҲ˻ص˰ȫλã̧ĿӵϼҼϴǻĵؿ˵
ҪȥĹ̽һҪҵǸŮ˵𣿡
練Ƶ飬α˴£
ǸصĺЦŵĳ
ʲô˼
ϼҼɻĿǸصĺˡ
ǺҺ֪Ҫ֪һС
˼򵥣ΪҪȦӷô鷳¶أ
صĺҲʱش
˻
صĺ˻֮ϼҼ㲻ɵõһʶĿ𺳵Ŀصĺˣִ̧ź˹ĶҲͣ
Ǵʲôʱע⵽ģ
ԣ׼ȷ˵˾ʲôʱʼģôҪʲô˵
һֱϣ
һֱڼ۾ϣҪʲô
ʲôͼ
㵽ҪʲôϼҼɫ˵ʱҲûģ
Σա
صĺ˵Ͼֻᵽ֣ǾΣա
ʵ̫ΣˣĶǽʾԼĿģֻ˱ĸ߳书ǴһΣյģϼҼ˼ɵ
ʡ

1811 ̸һ

ҪϼҼصĺ˹ĴһĻϼҼҲûʮİԼ˵Ķ֡
ϼҼգԭΪ书㲻µһĻҲָλǰéģû뵽һصĺˣݣȴ书ǿ
ȻԼĶ֣һ㣬ϼҼǱ
ԭƴǺЩ书ǿĺ󱲾ѾϼҼñѹˣڿɵãȻһ书ǿصĺˣôǲĵطкܶصĺ书ǿܽԼܣ
ôԼܶиʲô
ϼҼɫ֮任ǲȷ෴Ǹصĺʼϱ鵭Ȼ
˵Ǹصĺ˵ϱʼն˳ᢣƵᡣ
һŵ񣬺񲻹ܷʲô£ʲôıʣûѹصĺ˵ƣŻĵȻΪģһжָƣһмʹƿ֮С
ָоϼҼúܲá
㵽Ҫʲô
лֱ˵
ʵݶֱӱ¶ˣʲô˼
ϼҼƹôģȻҲҰĲͿȴҲ׾ϵˣױͻƻˡ
ҪǲԣǸҲûйϵҪǵһҪó֤֤ǵҪģϼҼǲ˵ʲô˵Ļġ
ϼҼȫ̾ĿԼǸصĺ˲ûаֵŭĿϼҼΪ˴Ӧе̬ȣܵʲôʱǲűˣԿıԼ
ͬģϼҼȻͺܴ󣬱ȲƴǺЩֵ绪ïˣȻܵΪŵϼҼƹôãֲһԼҰģȻԼıµġ
꣬ûв߻Ǳ֮ڣϼҼһøˮģվҵ˼һصĺԼļıʱ̲סһĨЦݣи޾ĵ⡣
ô
ֻǼײܲˣ
Ҫǵܲ˵ĻôȰ㻹ʲôҪʲôҪ룬ֱʰʰȥŰɣ
ҲոԼҸ·
һ֮㣬Ҫȡˡ
ҿṩ㣬Ҫ֪Ǹ˵ϢҪػûԼȨƺ͵λҲ԰㣬ͬģΪҪҵĺæҴҵԸ
Σ
ĵģϼҼˣϼҼţ
ǿһţΪõĻ
ô¶ؽɽ˵һ飡
ϼҼЦؿصĺˣΣڿװǣҪɫıֱӽչУƾʲô
𣿡
ſĹʵš
Ī˵˵ĵǸͲܵ飬ӣҲΪϼҼҰģԼԲΪ֪ϸصĺΪǲԵȵġ
ϼҼǾԲӦصĺ˵Ҫ
ǣصĺϼҼķԵʱ򣬲ûаֵŭЦŵĿϼҼûңû˵ܾȨ
˵ĺģںú˵¡
˵һ䲻ģұ£Ҳûоܾɣûܾʸ񡣡
Ǻ˵̬ƶ
ҲǺҪһѣԸǾͲҪ²顣
صĺţ˵ĻϼҼĵﷴС
˵ʲô
ϼҼͻȻһֲõԤС
Ϊ˹ơ
ҽҩֻСϼҼʱҲûж⣬Ǵ󷽷ֱӸϼҼǰŵصĺ˵ĻȷʵϼҼ˲ɴ˫š
˵
ڵĹƳѾ˽⿪ˣôܻйƣ
ƭңȥҵǰ˵ɡ
ϼҼȻǲŵģڳʱѾ⿪ƳĽҩˣû˹Ƴ棬˵ǿЦȻҪвҲֱǰǿЦˡ
ѵϼҼϾд˺ƭô

1812 Ҫ۸

ϼҼĮӵصĺˣֻǿɱصĺȴǻͳ˹ǵѡ
ֻ֣ǹʵ˼£΢Ķ˲ϼҼɫ䣬ǿֻŵĿصĺˡ
ô
˰ɣ
ѵ㻹ڵĹƳѾɹı˽⿪𣿡
δҲ̫Ц˰ɡ
ЦŵĿϼҼϼҼϵɵʱ򣬺ϵıҲ˻ش𣬷дһ仰
Ҫ۸㣡
ԣ
ϼҼ뷨ûҪ۸㣡
ԸϼҼصĺôһǵѣֻ˼ϼҼڵĹƳ淢Чһĵʹ˲ϼҼ壬ϤĸоϼҼĪ٣ǾʧıǱصĺ˿
صĺЦоĹƳ棬Щ˵ϣûַȥǽ⿪Ļ˲оʲôĽҩȥ⿪ϵĹƳ棬Ƕǳ˵Ρ
ܽһʱȴⲻһӣվֻҪǻţԶĿǹƳ棬ЩйƵҲΪǿƵĹߡ
ԣҵ˼ɡ
һ٣üЦŵĿϼҼҪǿϼҼƹŵľ飬ŵʵֵȷǲСԳΪһֻܺõצһ㣬صĺǶȻľȥϼҼ˷ʱġ
мֵ˲ʸ̸ûֵ˾ֻ˰ڲӱ˵
ԣǵҪʲô
ϼҼ浱ǻˣҲȷ֪ǰصĺˣȻ֪ݣǵĵȷȷſƹƳֶεģܱǸڵ绹Ҫߡ
ҪԼֵĻıܽԼĥ
һ֮ǰǶʱ䣬ŹƳĥϼҼĵһɺ⣬ָоʵ̫ˡ
Ƴھһѷذһ㣬ƽʱŲǱǰȻһʲô̼ذ׵ĻԼɵ˺Ǳǧٿ׵ġ
ÿιƶʱϼҼܸоԼںǧֻСһЩСƴĿҧ壬Ҫ񾭣޲ý̻ȥ
ʵ̫ʹˡ
˲Ծ巢
ϼҼֻЩ޷ʵתģʵ̫ˣѾȫļƻ֮⣬ǳĳܷΧ֮ڡ
ԭϼҼΪԼϵĹƳ汻⿪ˣ¼ûˣҪʲôȻǱˣȴ޾ʱ䣬ͼıҲǲġ
صĺ˵ĳָһƳûн⿪ҪܵƵϢ֮󣬶ϼҼ˵һĴ
ϼҼˡ
ǾԼ֮ǰܳһʱҪĿ˲ͱˡ
ϼҼֻԼͻȻãȻֱֿصĺ˵ϣȴ˵صϢ
⽭ɽǰʲôģðɣ
صĺϵͳʧתĿصĿϼҼ˵⻰ʱϵı޵ʥһһļ֡
ϼҼͫ΢š
ǰĽɽʲô
壿
Ҳ˵
ǰˣҵˣ
ǵǸһ
ʯ֮䣬ϼҼͻȻʲôһ㣬ͻȻûһ񺮣һԼʼձıΧָо
ָоϼҼзߺޣȴֲ׵ķ
ϼҼбơ
ϼҼصĺҲûдԼݣֱ˵ĽԼݡ
Ȼ⽭ɽУôôǱеռô꣬ǲҲʱûˣ
ĿϬ
ϼҼȴǲɵú˼㡭
ҡҡеĹǵѣϼҼϵĿ־ҲǸ˼֣ҿԸʱ䣬ԺúõĿǿǡ
һ£ҪѡİңǱȵİң
صĺ˵仰ʱϼҼɫ仯ǷḻʣصĺȴϼҼټ˵Ļᣬתȥ
ϼҼһվڷ䵱УԺź˷ų˵ÿһ仰þöͻ
ϼҼץģڵĹƳ棡
ģ
ϼҼԽԽ
һֱΪԼȨģû뵽Ȼһֱ֮бҵЩ˵ǣűߣǹʹ
ͷĺôûڱ˵С
취ϵĹƳ⿪ǣԼ棬綼Ǹ
ϼҼصԼķⲽĲѡ

1813 ҵԭ

ֻƴǰȻĻصվȷûΧԼ֮ŷĵĽŸϡ
ֻüһ֮󣬱Ŀصĳƴǿ˵ƴǣЩҪ飬һҪҡ
ڼҪҿסˡ
Ҫ״ңҪоһ¡оһһµҩġ
ֻԥ֮վûиƴʵû˵ԼҪоһڵĶʲôҩġ
˼ĶҵֻĸĴڣʱֻȻ˵Ҫȥоһµҩġ
ƴֻ֣ǳλǳֻ˵ͷá
Ҫʲôȥɣһţûܽŵġ
ƴֻ֪棬ĸ𾿾ŶôҪĵλ
ҪżĻ϶˵ֻѰϣһżһ
ֻȻûȷ˵ȥоµҩľʲôãҲû˵ҪȥоʲôҩģҲǷǳҪ飬ֻȻ֣صԼȻֻԼˣôԼǻصȥ
ԼҲ֪ԭҲûйϵ
˺ʵʱֻҪԼ˵ĻһԼ˵ֻԼ˵ĻȻĿԣҪԼһֱĻ
ǻ֮ĸ飬Ҳ֮ķֵġ
ƴûжһ仰ʱֻǴȻıģһ֮󣬱ǲ˷κʱ䡣
ãлл㡣
ֻ˵֣أƴǵǸм֮ĵĽԼһ˹ң첽ĵ˴ϡ
ֻǽԼЯǸҩе΢˴ϡ
Ǻܾ֮ǰֻԼЯҩ䣬ԼļûΪʱ̫öˣֻֻ̽˼֮󣬱ǲЩҽѧ΢ĻѧҲǺ졣
ֻµѪɼҽѧѪھϸĹ۲졣
Ϊûκε쳣㲡֢ûУֻϸĹ۲ϲӦеҲǲѯż쳣
³һ
ϧͨϷûа취û취ֻֻܽЩִƼϣܲ鵽ʲôȻɡ
ֻüģɫصؿҽѧ΢еı仯ѪһͬУһͬѯѪֻſµڵʲô쳣
ûĳ취⵽ϵ쳣Ļôֻ˶ģҲòˡ
ʱһһĹȥƴڿŷŵĵϣĬĿЩǧۣȴֻ˽
ͻȻ˽ŲƴЩԾر񾭡
ǽŲʱƴŷ˾裬˷ϴЦĿǽŲˣŲ˲Ǳˣֻ
ôˡ
ɡ
ƴɫȻؽ˽棬̧ͷƳһ۸棬ûдŵֻƴԵķڵ
Ҳûж룬ֱֻӱԼ⡣
ЩҪǿȥѰҽļƻ
ֻʲôµķ𣿡
ô˵ҲôʱˣҲӦˣմվС
ҪżϣиΪϣˣҲҲĻôʧĹ֮ˣһϣҲǳ׵ˣ
ƴƳһڷ֮ں޶ֻʾ£ȱż£Һúõĺ˵һ˵
ƴǳ룬㿪˵Ѿȥ˻ʹ棬ȥݷǸ»ʺˡ
֪ܲǸ»ʺ󳤵Ǻͻһģһǲ˵ĻǴòǸֱ治˵ġ
ʲô
˻
ﲻɵõһϵıҲĪļ
ＤʱƴȴǼʱĿֹסƴǻشԣòһģһġ
ǸͿֻǱֻûж٣ֻĸס
ֻҲȥԼǸ»ʺ󣬲Һ̸һ̽ҪҵˣҲûκεš
»ʺķӦӦǲû׵ģ
ƴһһʮĽԼĲ²˵˳
ﲢƴǵʲô˼Ǻ׼ˣΪƴǺֻѾҵĽû뵽ȴֻһ˰ˣûаϢ
ⲻ˵װ׵˸һ
ƴȫȻأ֪ЩʧǼ˵ȻǸ»ʺ֣ǲҵκεƺһ飬»ʵȻͨˡ

1814 ˻ɵĶ

ö֮һͻƵ˳ΪʺĻҲĸѲ˹ϵġ
ֱң»ʵһʶĸ׵ġ
ƴĿĿ
ֱһֱܿ£ЩʱֱȻûκε֤ݣҲûκεʵǻʶһִ
Ǹܶʱ򶼻ڣͬ㣬Ȼûʵʵ֤˵Ǹһʶĸģֱƴǣһʶģ֮ƴǺֻ˻ҲѲǸĹϵıʲô
ıʲôɼ˵Ķ
һԶзܶɳƴһʶұֱֱƴǵ滹ģȻǲġ
Ǻ͵Ǹص˽뵽ŵԭЩϵɡ
ȻǸ»ʺ󲢷Ҫҵ𣬵ҲҪȴǿǸƶҪɹҵĸ׵ĻֻҪǶǸ֣һ֪
ƴǵƶ˵ʱƺĪĸȾһ㡣ĸĽĹƽʱע⵽쳣Ѱĵط
Ȼûֻ
ʱֻƴӰġ
ƴĻֻȥĶأ
ۿֻƴһվģȴֻӰ治ɵ˵ģƴǿʵأ
ΪڲӰ
ʲôΣգ
ĴţĿǵǡ
ƴĿƳңʾЩҪҪϣߴţ㽫Ҹ˳
棬Լоҩأ
˵⻰ʱƴǵȻֿЦθҲûκεɻ󣬱㵭Цҡҡͷ
УȻǷ֮飬ôұ㲻ˡ
ʲôҪԼһȥ˼ɣίˡ
ڿƴǵʱ⡣
ĸοָо
ֻãƴһ¶˳⣬ص룬⻹ʲô˵أ
飬ﵽֻǳǲ˹Ĳ̫࣬ʵ䷴ᵢֻƴ֮ĸˡ
ֻƴǡһν֪ǿԴ𣿡
Ҳ빬ȥǸ˵»ʵǲǵǸˡ
ü˵ֻҪۿһˡ
ĻĽ뵽֮һֽϵĲʹκõģǲǸƭˣò²̫ˣ˷ʱ˼
ֻҪۼֱܷȻ
ԼϺ϶ֽţװһ˵ģҲһ۾ϳΪʵ̫Ϥˣ涼¡
ƴü飬֣صس˵ͷ
á
һȥһ˹ʱƱǻġ
ѾĿĵ˵ͷ
ұ㲻ˡ
ûʲôȻȥˡ
ͬƴǼ򵥵ĸ֮󣬱ƿų˳ȥʱֻȴϱأЩʧ䣬Ȼʲôû̽鵽⻹˹ˡ
ݹµѪҺûκε⣬̨ļҲǿκε©
ֻ治ģȴ޼ƿʩ
ѧȽģԼıôǿûа취̨ȽĿѧȽϵģִܻ󣬵̨ҽѧȴǶȻġ
ܰɡ
ܵԼ˼ˣҲԼ̫ڱӰЩСĵĹͷˡ
ϾλãУǵ治˿
˰ܱܿǹغģʱ˶Ҫܵ˺ֻ治ҷɾ衣
Ǽҷɾ裬֮Ҳ˿鲻ѪҺڵ쳣ǿܾǵµǽȫģҲõĽˡ
ֻȥ̨ŽϾǿʼʰ̨ǷŻصԼҩ䵱УԼһ˴ŵʱˣƴҲǲýģ˭ֻ֪㽫ҩʱȴͻȻһЩ΢µѪ쳣
ֻʱֹסԼĶɴ˫˲𾪵Ŀҽѧ΢ϵı仯
Ȼ
Ȼǹƣ
ֻɵõһֹסڸǲסֻе𾪺ʹ㵣뵽ġ
Ӧ뵽ġ
ǰôû뵽أ
ô֮ǰǰ˼أ

1815 µĽ֣1

ͨĶϣܹŽİ취ģϾǸصĺҪֵֻĻƱǻ˽ֻߵǻ˽ֻǶҽģ˸Ȧӹµϡ
ͬģ»ֻֻҪǶֻһа취⿪ֻûа취ֻߵǳĽǿ԰æġ
ԣǸҪԼµĶһʧҪֻԼ֮Уôһǻ¹ơ
Ϊڣֻй¶ֻǽⲻġ
ֻߵҲǲԵġ
ϵĶǹƵĻô
ʯ֮䣬ֻ˲˵Һ֪Ǹڱٿһе˾˭ˣ
ֻϵıĪıü
ˣ鷢չڵĵزѾûʲôˡ
֪Ǹ˭ˣ
֪Ǹݺµ˭ˣ
 һֵԹĸо
֮ǰֻΪ벻˭ڱݺֻԼ˼ңһͷˮڣ뵽Ǹڱݺǵ˭ˣ˼Ҳ˲
ݹĹУùƶõ͸صôˣֻҵˡ
Ҳֻҵ˲Ż¹Ƶģ
ϵ֮ǰ磬ƴǺֻǰȥѩҲЩĦҵЩע⵽ƴǵĴڡ
ˣЩ˿ʼƴĴɵˡ
ֻҲֻ뷨ˣΪ֪֮ģԼȻǳĻʺЩҽЩ˵ǵֻСưˣʲôԵвҲϲ̨ġ
ҼȻоֺ˵Ķôҽǲö˵ˣȻݹĹΪȺģ֮ǵĿ˼ԸĻȻΪֻķƴǵԵʣΪֻĲܣ
ΪƴǴųҡ
ƴǵĲܺͰٱ¶ĿãĹе˶ǿϵģ
֮£սǿʢ֮ǰ˲ٵĴҲڽĻָԪҲ𽥵Ļָ
ò˶õʱ䣬ҪһγΪĹ֮ףҲʲôѵ顣
ڼƴֻ˵ҵĹ֪ҵЩʱյס
أ֮һֱڰͼıֶΣ޷ǾҲΪҪ¶Ȩ³ΪΨһĴˣ
ϧ֮Ҫ²ô׵飬ǲ;ܿĻźҲǻʧƫģ֮£ҵЩ˾ֻʣһ·ôƱҪеĹһһ߽⣬ɾ
˳ƶ»ָǹҵȨơ
ĹУĸҵĻʵ۱Ҫҵ˿Ŀꡣ
Ҳۣ۳Ĺҡ
ƴΪĻϣ侲ϼҼ֮ǰ¶ˣȴûܺ˳Ĺ顣
ƴһֱżõƿεĽĳѳУô˵ƴǵƿ֮ºǰȡ
ԴϼҼ֣޷
Щҵ˱¶ƴǻΪĿ꣬תעֻϣӹ޷ƴʧ˷ִĻôֻܴİ£żĻţֻŻƴΪֻİΣʧ˷ִ磬ѵֻͳ֮䣬ƴǵǻѡֻġ
ҲǴĿˣ
Ǹҵ˲Ż¹ƣͼԸֻֻҲǳΪǵƿ֮С
һ̴ˮĺѽ
ֻĿ䣬Ҳ˲
Щִܵ鲻ڵĶȻǹƣҲ޷²Ǳ˾˭ˣ
֪Էݣûа취ӦķȥԸԷֻ֪֪˲ܰս
ǸصĺˣǶڰĻֻƴǣٶҲ޼ƿʩ޴й
ںˡ
ڵûôıˣ
ѾȷڵĶʲôֻԵķĲ٣ͬʱֻҲµĵǣȻѾ֪ڵĶô£ڵҪøӼ
ǶĻôܹ黹Щϣġ
ܶѣȥȫһԣԽİ֣Ľ׽ٱة࣬ǿ԰æԼһͬȥоڵĶģֻѾȷڵĲǶǹƣôʮּˡ
Ϊةֻܹ࣬鶼Ƕҽģȴܶܽ⿪
ҹƳ深任ܽһҲⲻ֣ЩܵĿѧֻܴǳĲֵǹƳ档
ȷһֹƳ棬úΰ취ȥ⿪ȴǲ֪ġ

1816 µĽ֣2

һӱüֻǾ޵ѹ
ˡ
Ҷʱ֮ûа취⿪ڵĹƳģֻôΪԼĻҲûʲôô
ʰֻ֮㻺˷ȥƴǡ
ոô£
ʲô
˽̸ֻǸʱֻʵϾȥ顣Ҳûᣬ鶼Ҳʼѯһ£ûʲôҪ飬ֻûԼܰæ飬Ҳܰæֵһ¡
ƴǼֻϱأɵȿʵ
ôˣ
Ҫ鶼𣿡
ֻ˵ͷҡҡͷϵıǾ᣺Ե˽չˡ
Ҫ׵ĽĻ»ҪһЩ򡣡
ܵ˵ԡ
أ
ոôˣ
ֻѾ⣬ԭҪ˽ºһͬġ
ΪڻУҪյĻƴ˵ʲôͬģǣֻղǸصĺţҲ򵥵İ취
ƴΪĻƱҪֻļƻʱҪץǸصĺ˵ĻҪķʱƱǻ˺ܶ飬ҹζࡣ
һѡ
ƴǿֻܻҲܲôˡ
ʵЩֹĶʼձ׳ѹͷǻġ
ȻЩðգǣܹСػԼȻԼеĺʲôġ
ԭֻѾ˾ڵ֪ڵĶǶǹƳֻ֮뷨Խļᶨ
Ӳܸƴ滰ˣǸƴ滰ĻƴǸˣֻ뿴顣
ֻ⣬ƴǵûмֻȥʵĸߵֻһˡ
ѯûĸ׵Ϣ˵һڽĻҪһ𡣡
滳»ʵǵƭĸ׵ǸˣҲǵ͵͵ǱţŲ˼ˣۼ
ǵǱŵǸ˵ĻֻҪһ۱ֱܷˣҲȥǺܶ鷳
ֻ˵ͷȻ˵һ빬ĻֱӽŰɡ
ûʲô¡
ֻҲǴãǵǸƭԼĸ׵ˣȻҲ֪Լݵģ䵽ģֻƴǵ⣬˵ֻһûбͱƵĴֽˣ
ȻˣôֻҲˣֱӽǰʲôӦôͼ򵥵ĺܶˣ

С㣬ǵ̳ˡ
ĺҲƫԶС˺ܳһʱˣĻָҲǳӣ˲ٵʱˡ
ʱС棬Ȼǰݣվ˲زģҪؼҷúĵӰġ
ںĵҲǵͷͬ
ãʰʰǱ׼̰ɡ
Ǵſջ棬ǺķѲ˷ʱ䣬˻ҪҪȥܲѡһӵİݣһӵĴջ£ںĵ飬Ҳͬĺĵ˵ͷ˱ǿʼʰҡ
ϵǹɡ
˶ʱ֣ʱǹԹԵڴϣ·֪һĸףչʮ࣬ѹ
ԴӺĺڹƳĪ׽һ쳣ľٶ֮󣬱ҲǶĲ٣ǹƳҶܺܺõĿƣЩƳĻĻô֮ʲô߳Ҳûʲô˺ˡ
⵹úĺķ˺ô
ӵʡģ˶Ѹٺܿıʰ˶ų·뿪˲䣬ҵЩӺܿı뵽ҿջС
Ѱôãҵ˵˿
߳ڵ֪ҿջ֮󣬱ǲһУҵĵǰѰҡ
߳ϱǵǵĿǿջеֺǽſջƹѯʡ
ǿмŮˣһǻдŶӵġ
һţ߳ϱȲسǿջСϰ忪ѯʣջϰС߳ϵѯʣֻǲ䵭ڣ֪
ջʵ̫ˣǼǲÿһλÿ͵ò˵ЩҲǲ
ջСϰǺǷܣͷҲû̧ıֱӸ˻ش
ԣں˵ģ
߳ɫǿջϰСķ̬ȣڡ
Ǻúõ˼һ£ǲúõĻǾͲҪҶ֡
žžž

1817 㲻Ҫ

֣߳һҵĵӱ˲ų˹ŭģջһЩÿǷ׷ױɫӴܣȴȫҵЩӸſڡ
ǵϰСʿ׷ױɫֲ̿ѵĿ߳ϣҲſ˺ܶࡣ
󡭡ˡ


СȻǵ治֪СһϴջĿ˸Ųһ飬ԲŹ˿˵Ůˡ
ǿջϰ巴Ӧ죺죬졣
ǿջϰ˵ЩǵָߵС˲ȥ飺һ飬ûд˿˵ŮӣеĻ̻㱨
ǡ
СҲǱǰͻȻ׳۵һһȥ˱һˡ
ǲջϰţСҲ׵Ƿʲô顣
߳Щڣǲô׺ģҪԲĪ˵ҵĵҪҵЩˣҲҪҵЩˣԼСѱſջҲǻЩ˸Ϊƽء
ջϰʹѣ汲ǿӪҿջҵģջҪΪԼһʱܻԵĴĻջϰкȥڵأ
߳ŵɫȻûΪջϰСͻȻ̬ȣɫúתһЩ
û߳ϼȥҲû߳ϵɱ䡣
ЩǲƤ߳ԭǴúõĺЩջϰС˵ģҲǰæһͺĵټϾǲź˴ڵģ˿ͺŮ֮ⲻ׶˴ȱ֮ģԼѰҵĻôǺİ˻·ǵǵˡ
ԣ߳һβŴǺɫѯʣϾһ߳ҪѰͺģҲ֮ǰǰҪ˵ˣΪҼҪȥѰҵĺˣýĺӴȥ⡣
û뵽˺ЩȴǸҪ
ûȫĺ⣬Ǹű͹ֲ߳϶ˡ
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ϧ߳ϺЩҵϵע֮£СĽ˱һ飬ȴûҵ߳ҪѰҵˣС˵ģ߳ϣء
ش˵ĻѾе˱ˣûдҪҵǸˣܴҪҵ˲
Сȥ߳ϵɫ߳һ˳ıֱӽԼˣȻ߳ϱɫС˵ûǸ˵ʱ˲ĿǲƵۿ£һ˫۾ɱȻ޲ýС̻ˡ
߳ϿҪһ˲䣬ϰʲôҪһ㣬ͬ߳˵ش˵Ļ˱ûдҪҵŮ˵ĴڵĻѾڿջˡ
ȻûдҪҵǸˣСͻȻһ£ڸողǰŮ˴һ˷
Ȼʹ˵Щྶͥǻ᲻ǴҪҵǸеѾӣѾأϰ岻ɵ˰亹ؽԼ֪߳ϣ߳ϰ￪ڵͷһҲż
ϸʱĻ֪֪ǼѾͷ˵ģٳֵƫԺʱ򣬾Ѿ·ݺܴˣ߳Ѱôõʱ䣬Ҫǵ·ݣֻܵ˾ţ̫۵ĻǰҲеģ
߳ϵͻȻһְգôԼû뵽ôҪأ
ԣ
ܾѾˣ
ѾǻеͺǱˣ
пŮ˴еĺڸ·
߳ϵ˲ȼϣ
˵ѾˣкŮ
ΪҪ飬кôǸкȻǲ˵ġ
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ڿ߳㼤ʱǵϰ룺֪
ӱĺܺá
СҲǰȥѯʵкŮǴҪѰҵĻǱֻôŮǱȽϷϴ˵Щ˵ģǴ̴ȥѰҵĻ»׷ߡ
ջϰ彫Լ֪߳ϡ

1818 ӲҪ

Ҳû룬߳ϱ㵱ָЩҵĳſջȥ
ǣȥѰңҪ׷
һΣ߳˵׷ץ
ֻǼ򵥵֣Ѿ㹻˵߳ϵĵλͬһˣʲôҪһ߳ڱ󲹳ܷʲô˺ӣ
ˣ
˺ӣ
ҪҪҪǺӸҡ
ʲô˺ӡ
ӲҪģ
߳ҵӵ˳˿ջ֮ǵ̵ϰСǱһ㣬̱ڵϺþã˲ԵĨ˶ͷ߳亹
ϰ壬ոտˣϰ꼱ǣǿջҪһˡ
С֪ĿڣǿջϰСһۣʲôǣ
²ϸϸջЩ˶ǲסҪ뵽飬ɢǵעĻôܻͷ
ҪԺ󵱲ϸҳ㣡
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ڵСǰϰȴű¡
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Сջϰ˺ǳ⣬ȴֻЩίԴ󻺻شӵ΢ЦŵĿſջЩÿͬ˵űǸ
ǶԲ˴ңѾȥˣҿԺúõϢúõˣʲôԸ㾡ܽСһСϾ͵
СͬЩǵǸ߳ǴһȺҵѸٵĳ·ٵ׷ͺġ
ͺ˻ûע⵽Ŵ׷ǵģŲ죬ܹ˻Ҫô򵥵飬ҲûӴ·ΪЩҵĵʵڶ֮࣬Ȼǻᱻİշ׷ױܻ䣬Ҳͺע⵽ˡ
ͺ˵񾭣ˣС㣬Щҵ˹Ȼˡ
ڿջôõʱ䶼Ȼû뵽Ѿȥһ£ҵЩ˾Ȼûз׷ˡ
˸ոմӿջһ˲䣬̴׷ˣ⻹ˣ
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С㣬Ӧô
ȽϺĵĽţбȴŸеĳȺ򶨡
𼱡
ż
ЩʱҲǣȱţʱ򷴵Ƕ˼ֵ鷳ϵذοźʾ⺣侲ͬʱҲڿٵ˼żžӦԡ
Ѿ˵ƫԺӳʱϵװ磬ֻǰѰũû취һȺпǵġ
ֻһҪۼĽŲӿ죬ע⵽ǣǵĻɣǹ˺ȷϣʱҲûа취ѿġ
˵ʱǲԾɨܵС·ʱע⡣
㿴кܶͬǹսȥһũҰɡ
С·߹հ˹յĺͬǻͺȡһЩʱģʱҲ·İ취
á
ĵ˵ͷѾֻ˵ʲôʲôȥʲôˣ
Ŀ֮жӿ죬Ϊһֱ񾭣Źȵľ裬ſЩԼԶʱǿٵӦ
ɾ裬ֻǾСһĻЩֱҵǰǱһе鶼ˡ
ʱҪ߶ûκεĻˣ
ڻã
ڻã
ʱͻӦķӦ
ֻڰοźģҲͬڰοԼ
Ϊڵţĵ˱㲻ֻǺģҲ޵ֻûа취ǿҪǲǿĻͰװ׵ıôˣ
ֻҪǱҵЩ˸ץĻһб㶼ˣ
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ΪٿŻе֮󣬱ǸӸĺ;ģ
ڣֻԼһˣ
Ҫ
Ϊĸա
Ͳһ׷ˣ
ΪԵʣǸǿˣ
ֻ޵Ķ־
ͺĿٵС·Ѱţ׼ȷĽ뵽һũңͺĵһԼ̬װȻ򶨵ģԺߵũ˵ã·ˡ

1819 һ

·ԺӣֻЩڿʣ֪ɷˮȣ
Ժũ￴ƣڿͺĵʱҲǺǺͰ׽ֻˮģԥĴӦ˵Ҫ
Уû⣬ҽɡ
˷֮󣬺ĺȥȴݹˮȴǲԾܴţһûһںũ졣
֪ûʲôصС·Ҫ֮ǰϵأûʲôǽų̿һЩȻǵʱ̫˵ĻҪҹˣ
ЦЦŻеĺ˵Ҳ֪̫СˣǸʲôΣյĻǻǺΣա
˵νˣ
ũȻƼбŵ۷۵ĺǿɰԭĴǺģڿ˺֮ԽҪæͺˣＸҲûıֱӿ˵ȻС
ֻҪҵĺԺţһ·ȥܿһССǵҺͷΪɽҵء
ȻЩƫƧǺǰȫǹȥɡ
ͺ㿪֮ɵмؿлл
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Ǻԥĵͷ֪֪ô˵˭Ҫﶼ˵ûпǣǿЩ߰ɣʱ䣬˱ץͲˣҲ·
ʱڿ·ѹġ
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ٶȽɽ棬ͺҲĲ١
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Ƕںˣ˵Ҳûʲôֵúµ顣
˶ǶùģǺ߳ϴŽ
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ıǱǰ̽·
С㣬СһЩū澵ҪʲôҲūҪźССģ
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֮ǰץʱѧĽѵһε߳ϲаǵسǵĵһ˲ǲҵĵӽСسǸΧסĪ˵ӳȥˣǷɳȥһֻӬҲҪҵЩϸ֮ȷûĲӬ뿪
߳ϸϵջʱͺѾźˣȴҲСسҲǳȥˣ
ǳôСسǣΪʲôôöûҵˣ
߳ϣӦô찡
ЩҵĵҲһʱ֮ʧ⣬֪ôźˣ
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Ұң
ЩũҲȻ׷ŹһҪϸϸȥа©
˭ҪҵĺӣϷͣ
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ЩСسǵİھ޴Ľջ֮£ҲǱȻͺǻʵʵĽ֪Ϣ㱨

1820 Ǯʹĥ

Ȼ߳˵ҪЩҵͺĵ֮ЩҵĵӺǴ˼Ѫһ㣬־ɳǵĳ߳Ϲ֡
ǣ߳ϣ
һ߾ȫȥѰȻ߳ʧģ
Щҵĵ²ĳˣѰͺĵʱҲǷÿһˣÿһضϸѰңκεĴ©ͺĶ˵£ôЩҵĵҲҪߣĺڳǺΪҵͺĶܵ͡
ЩҵĵӶҲԽѸҪ֮ǰЧһ
ܿ죬СسǱڰΧ֮һ࣬û˿Ĵ©ΨֻʣЩɢɢũûаҰѲˡ
߳ϵĻѾеĵطȫѲˣûҵСټ֪߳ϿɷҪȥЩũҿ˵Сûߴ·ǵС·ȥЩũԺˣ
Щҵĵж֮󣬲ֻǶѸ̶Եĸߡ
Ǯʹĥ仰˵һ㶼û
Ǯĺܿ¡
ҵЩӻ㱨߳ϼ붼û룬˾
ȥ
Ұȥʣûע⵽ŮˣֻûŮˣ
߳üĽеĳĿڷԸУ㽫˸ҵŮ˴źˣҲҪ·ߡǺܼ׷ٳȥ
һҪϸѯʡ
Ů޸֮Ͳܴ˼
߳ڷǸ侲ҲΪ̫ʧܣҲ˳費żҲûãżҲҲͺˣͽԼķǣ飬ԼѰңչģԼûôġ
ҼǺͺģҲûҪʧְ𣬶ǷԸһҪĽͺ˴صңûѹв߳˶ʱ򣬺ܶѡ̬ҲǽȻͬˣ
Ȼû׷ԼҪҵͺģôҲǲģֻҪǽͺѰҵʱûôûô֣ôҼ㲻˵顣ǻһġ
ǡ
֪ˡ
Щҵĵǹĳ߳Ϲ˹֣ѵصĳЩũԺ
߳ϵź˺ܶ࣬ЩȻĸЩҵĵҲһͬũԺҰȥѰͺĵټ
ûмŮˣ
ǻһһеӤ
ǿŮˣҪʵĸǣǷæǸŮƭǵĻǶȻǡ
ʵĽүǣǻͣԴл֮顣
Һ֮ǰ֪֪滭ĻڣĴѰʱҲǷģǺúõ룬ҪҵŮòǿΣͨɽˮũǼˣһӡġ
ò˵ûֻϵɫŮǰԱŵĻòӦĹһľɫŮˣòˣǲܵʲôʱ򣬶ǻעĿģὨ֮ȴȫȻûӡ
ҪǼһӡģ
ЩҵĵǰҰضũԺũ˵ͬĻͼǵĿѰҵĺϢ
ŮĲȻ͵ǼҵСүͼвǡ
ǲĺǣǶҪ˵ʲôŮ˸ץģλǼүǼҺӵķʵ棬һ嶼м
Ϊ˵ЩǣҵЩǻ˸Ľڣ㲩ȡЩǵͬ飬Ҳ˿Щǵ죡
ҪЩҵʲôҲ˵ֱ˵ĻЩп϶ǲĵˣҪİæͱͺģʱ򷴵ʵ䷴
ϧҵЩǲЩΰҰѯʣȴõĻشֻһǾû˼ͺģҲû֪ںδ
Ǵһεĳ̶ȡ
߳ɫţΪһεжƻʱЩҵĵͻȻһũԺĸϵı仯Ǹӡ
϶쳣ģ
ûм
ǶڹЩҵĵӷѯʣĿϬ˲ǰǽũ߳ϵǰ
Щҵĵǳ˵
ǲ֮ǰǣֻǰܣ
ڵʲôط
ЩҵĵǵҪ߳ϻۼͽǰҪһٴˣǿǸˣ
Ͻ˵ǲΪѣһӡ

1821 ֪˭˭

Ҫʶ̧ٵĻôͲҪǲˡ
Щҵĵɷ˶ڣٶĽũҸ˸ǽũŵҲΪĵȷȷģǸũƵġ
ץũ֮ǰͺĵǸũ
ǸũͺʱһԴǵĴӦͺˣʲôҲʲô飬һὫ˵úõסһĸ˵ġ
ֻϧ˼ûʲô档
ӾСʲô£ôΧʱ̵вţҲũ׵ʧȥһߡ
ͬʱũҲ
˫˭˵Ҫ׼ȷһЩ
׼⡣
˵ģǱ׷ɱģǵ߳ͳ˱͵ӵ˼ˣ
ũҪ˫ĻŪúͿˣ
߳ϻ˵ĻǸִһʣġ
ƾһ֮ʣҲûа취ֵ嵽˭˵Ļģ˭˵ĻǼٵġ
˭Ǻõģ˭ǻġ
ԣһʱ֮ũҲ֪Ӧð˭ˣũЩҵӻʱ򣬱һᣬſ˵֮֮ǰȷȷСŮˣǼλү˵Ÿӣֻǡֻ˵׷ɱǣûʲôС·ԸǣܿһЩ·Ҫء
Ȼũֱ治˭Ǻõģ˭ǻģһũǾǣЩҵĵڶ߲࣬ƣҪЩҵĵǺԵѯԼ֪֪䣬ҪԼʶ̧ٵ˵֪Ļ
Щû֮󡭡
ǿľԼˣ
ũֻܶĬĬĶͺ˵ŶԲˡ
Ҫ
ֲ֪˭˭ֻܽһжˡ
ǻҲֻܿˣ
˻
ũ˵껰֮ڳЩҵĵǲɵõһũҲǱ˲ȲĿʵأ
С·
ЩҵĵǺ޲̷ɵС·Ͻͺ˸ץ
ũԥƬ֮󣬱΢΢ָԼҵĺԺ˵С·ڣڡҵĺԺֱӹȥˡ
ҵĳϺ͵Ƕʱ񿴼ϣ
ΪһҲҪأû뵽Ȼ⾪ϲ
ºˣ׷ٵĿͱͷҲĴεҲϣˣ
ߡ
ҵЩӼҲû룬ֱкЩһ·׷ϸָǸ򣬶Ǵ˴ҴҵĳǷ׷˹ȥ
ũк֪ԼΪȷĻǴģ
ŮǶԵĻǰЩҵĵǶԵģֻϣǸƽƽİɣ
ũ̱Ǳ˳һڵϣǾֻǺҵЩ˵ôһǻ졣
ãã龪һһԼСҪˡ
ҺͷӲڼңһָԼӶ˲ãܱʲô£ҲҪȥܲС
ЩѸ뿪ҵĵǣһһŴӵվ»ص䣬Ҳûȥκεˡ
ҵЩ߳ΪףѸٵشеˣֱӴԺӴ˹ȥ˺С·ȻǿǸũ˵С·
ڿǺԺɽ֮߳ϵɫЩҵӵɫ̫á
ɽʵ̫ˣЩƫԶɽһ㲻á
ɽ̫࣬ľҲ̫࣬һ۸ͷʢģдеʱЩҶ֦ҶïһܺõȻڻЩɽľݽдеģһȥʲô
ڶʱɶǿ֦
ͺͺģҲԶһ
ڿɺˣ˾ڲԶĶ棬ҵЩӶ
Ѿ̶ȣǻټѣҪѰͺĵ·ңԶĻҲֻӲͷƤȥȥˡ
ûͷ·Щ˵ҲҪͷ
˵ǵѪ̫ˡ
ǷΧһЩһЩҲûʲô
߳ϲɵ̾һû취ȥҰɡ
߳ϵĵͷ֮£ЩҵĵӺѵصģֱС·
һֱɽĳڸΧϸϸѰңһ˿һûа©ֱǵ̺©κεװ׵Ĵᡣ
ͺǰԼǰ˰յĽų̡
˵վ޷Щѵصģ书ǿĵȽϵģ֮ľҲǲϵı

1822 ù1

ͺѾ׼ּ֪׷ɱʼһ·Ҳż
Ǻųʱȥ˼ӦԽİ취ѾΣˡ
ķԸЩǰʺõĹƳЩһ˳ֵλþΪԷһܲЩҵӵ׷ۼǿҪ׷ϵʱ
ؼʱǱƳ
Ǳ¶Ƕùһ㣬Ҳûа취顣
ϾǻȥĻЩУֻЩҵ˰ڲˡ
ܱܿס
Ҫû˾ʲôûˡ
Щ֪֪ԼǲǶùƵģҲûʲôҪˡ
ͺĲɵһ
Ѿȫ׼
Ĵˡ
˯Ŀⶼú᣺ԣ£һỤġ
ܵʲôʱ׶úõı㡣
Բܵκ˵˺ġ
Ŀᶨ֣ĸ첲
Сߣū澰ںϺ󡣡
ɲ½ӡֹЩҵĵӿӡ˳׷˹
ԽѣԽͺ֮ĸ
˵ͷһµٶɽ֮졣
ֻǲ֪һΣͺܹһƽĴӻգ߳ϴЩҵĵӣҼ񣬽ͺĸץȥ
֮˫ƴȫ

ŵĵһ·ۡ
ȥľ벢 ҪӱҲҪʱ䡣
벻˿иڲЩŵĵҲǶòü֮ļ٣ʮֵŲжȻһ·϶ںľƴ·ЩŵĵҲûаϻҲûаʣֻǹĸڲ󣬽߾ȫķɱ
Ȼ
ǿʱȴͻȻһ˵סȥʱ·
ɫ̫ãĿĿЩû۵ĶסԼȥ·ڵʶľͿЩÿҶǲ
ӿ˵޵İ
ڵĲѾ͵ǸĲǽȻͬˣĲһֻˣ棬Ϊı۰ĸס谮ĸףʲô飬ʼڱĬĬ֧
ŵԲϸ񣬿ĵȴҲ۰Ųģһ㲻ʼնԣܲʲôԷĴ󵨵ȥûκεĺ֮ǡ
һڼ˶Լ֧ţһֺΡ
ھô֮ۿԼĸײ֮Ҳòһһɳڣеģµŵ
ڲ˵ɳĲֹΣ书ı¡
ʲôһȣ㸺ǰаˣ
Ĳ۰ԲǣżƤʹһʹСƢҲûʲôڲһˣûԼĸĸףһе鶼ֻǿԼе
ҪɳҲǲòɳ
Ĳֻ츳߳Ҫ书ǿĻȷʵŲŵģڵĲԳƵ¼һĸ֣ⲢǹĿʣҲǹڴŲ룬ʵǵ˵ʵ
ڵĲźκ˿ı£򲻹Ҳûȥ·߱ߣûǿûв
ǰͻȻֵЩӰ
Ȼڲ治֪ЩסԼȥ·˵ʵݾʲô治뻹Щɵġ
һֲõԤС
ǰͻȻֵЩˣһûʲô£
ûκѡأҪЩ֮;֮⡣
߲ơ
ǲЩͻȻ֣סԼȥ·Ӱ˵Ľеĸ֡
룬ڲǳ֮ЩǰסһڶӵӰĺǣû֮ÿһ·òڶŵĵӹȥЦͻȻЩסȥ·Ӱз˳


ЦǴ̶
òüģĿⲻõĿЩӰ治ЩסԼȥ·Ӱĺ˾ûӡ
޼ɵЦ֮󣬲ѾûκεĺøˣѾ˾Ǿ˫һǵжԵġ
ΪģǿԷûòסԼȥ·˹ۿ˵͵ЦǣѾ˾˾Ƿ⡣
ǲúõʰʰǣǻΪԼ޵ء
Щסһڶŵȥ·Ӱĺˣ񿴲ü֮ŭһ㣬Цһ֮ڿŲһŵĵӡ

1823 ù2

ŵ˵̬ȵǺʹǰ˸ģ
⵹Ҳ֮еġ
Ͼٵ־лŮݣŵ֮λֲһλõ»˭˭涼ǻһЩ͵ģֻǡ
Ϊ׵ĺͻȻϳڿŲʱҲǶ˼ζ
ֻᣬϾϷʹ֮࣬ҲǲķȰһ䣬ˣ죬ΪǵͰҪΪµһҲҪһʱġ
ûгΪµһ֮ǰЩʱѡһǿĺΪĻ飬ҲʧΪһѸԼ
𣿡
δյЦЦĿŲ룺̫񣬽ǿԺúú˫鷴Ǳ˶ӵô˵Ǻ¡
аɳһ²𣿡
ǵӰƵĿڣ˵ЩҲޱȵᷳ˵ȴʵûʲô籾ġ
ĶǸơ
ûоԵѣҲûоԵĵˣֻ档
Ϊͬһ֮ǰôǲʲôݶǿԳΪѣǲΪҲԳΪ飬ͬǹӮ
̫ʢûкúõĴЩϵĻǶ˵ûаô£ϾڵѾ͵ȫǱһˡ
ڲĸ֮£ŵʵ
һȳΪԭеһţ˸С˸ơ
ھδ֮ڵŲǿնһµһˣʵȴûʲôʵˡ
̶̼ĹʵϼҼıģǱݷŵôӿƳĶʧ̫̫ĵӡ
ʵѾʢǸల£ȥܱһ˿˿档
ǺִĻҲ򲻸Ӧսġ
ҲΪһ㣬ǰסȥ·ĺ˲Ÿſͬ뿪˵
Ϊ׵ĺŵľŷô飬ò׿Ϣ򲻸״󶯸ɸˡ
ȫˡ
ǲ룬м䷢ô飬ǰЩ̰ƤСǱ˳أǹȴŲʣŵİ
ЩҪǰԴǵв
ǺǺǺǡ
Ц
ѹͲЩ˵ҪЮ
ڵĲ书ǿȻŵȷûˣڵѱͱƳĻŵĵ֮ǰ۰һļҲǸɥȪЩĵǵ书ǿû㹻ʱɳǲ뱾ȷʵžԵʵġ
ܳΪŵŵģҴСݣΪ
ƾڵĲ书Ȼ̸µһҪҪвĻҲҪԼķģƴǺ۵˳ֵĻǻὫѹŴ򣬵ƾǰ۵ĺˣҪͲԵĻһЩ
۵ĿǸˣ̧֮ѾǵԼǰӰĺ˹Ĺȥ
˵ĻȷǺܶԣϵȷûԶĵˣȷֻ棬ʵ˺ĻҲȷǿԹӦǰǣ
ҲѧǸδյ ˵ģ΢΢۾ЦŵĿǺˣǰǣҪǸҺǺǣ
£ʲôèŵǰţѲ浱˺𣿡
䣺Ȼ˵ĻǱĽһ˭ʶô˭ʢ
飡
ͨͨ
ĳΪ׵ĺ˹ȥΪ׵ĺȻû뵽ȻƢôգӺضôֱӵĶ֡
һʱ֮䣬δյ˲ûбסԼ˵ʱſ񣬷ǱЩֲ
Ǵֲ
Ӧ˵ǱЩǱ

ǱҲֻһ˲Ĺ򣬺ܿģΪ׵ĺ˱ǷӦ˹ֱֳ̧Ų뷴ȥ
˵Ӱ˲ڰдһš
˫һԸûаĲֵأֻվԭأĿ⽹Ŀڰд򶷡
ڲ书ǿ𾪵ĲֻЩΧŵˣǸͲŵĺҲĿ𺳣
סȥ·ĺ˲Ǳˣ½ҵĴϡ
Ҽ׼춯ƾŲƴǻֻĹϵһԹ۵ġ

1825 ù3

һæƴǺֻģʱһ޴鷳
ԣΪ˱֮ǣҼֱǲҴԳɽ棬ûʲôҲͰˣʲô˳ôǲ˶ٵĴۣҲܻ˶ٵ˼һҪǸģ
ڵ¡
лŵѪŮȻҼǺܿãȴҲαҪȨ֧ļƻжˡ
ǡ
˵֮⣬ǾǣŵеǸʲô鶼СѾͷƬô򵥡
书Ȼôߣ
Ȼô죿
ǵõѩʱʱĲ书ֻϲ㣬ż²Ĺ򣬲书ֱǿýĸˣʵ̫ˣ
Ҵһɫͬ뿹ţһߣҲڿٵ˼
ʲôԭŻò书ô졭
˻
ҴϺͲʱԺͻȻһ˼ͷǾǡ
ѲɲҲŹƳģ
Ϊ˹Ƴ֮Ȼǻܵƣ˻Ŀܣ˺֮޷ԼԼ˼룬йҲôġ
˹Ƴ֮Ǳǻ˵彥ʧȥ֪书˵ҲǻﵽһʵķԾ
ҲΪʲô֪ܶǹƳʳ˵ǣȴ޷˵ȥԹƣǲϧԼΪۣ˵ʲôҲҪȥԲſϸġ
޷֡
̰
Ĳ
̰˲֪ΪǻֹͻԼĵߵУһһ޷ͷϾ·
ѵҲ˹ƣ
ԲŻ书ڶʱ֮ôࣿ
ǸƳ˭µأ
ǸôƸûʲôôһֺƴϡãҲң˲ðŵĲ룬ԲǸ飬ǲø¹Ƶİɣ
Ҫǲµģô
Ҵϵʵ벻ѡˡ
Ҵ滳ǻɣȴҲǲֵĿ϶ģҪǲ뵱йƵĻûаķӦһ˿һȫǸ˵ģ
ʵ
ܶһĵܵģǾǡ
йƵˣ϶йƵʱԽԽֻ࣬Ҫʦģǿһ۾͸о
Ų书ٵģҪйƵĻڱȻǺصôҲûйƵĻ书ֲ ôࡣ
ô£
ô£
ҴһĶԿŲĹһѸٵ˼Ų书ٵԭ
ϧȴǰ˼⡣
ҡ
书棬ҲǺܿıǱҵ֮
飡
꣡꣡
ֻǼ»ĹҴϱǳܲסĹˣ𽥰ͷ
һĿֱֱ̧֮ıҴϵķš
䣡
ꡪ
صһպñҴϵĿڣҴϱ޿ɱܣ˲䱻ˣһѪʱӿӿ
ҴϵҲǶʱӰ׹䡣
ҪҴ书ǻֱصˤڵϣҴҲǺǱ˺ſվȣЩ˸ɫǰŵĿҴϣӡ
ҴϾȻˣ
ǰܸ˲ôСѾͷС
֮ǰʱƻȫһе˶Ǳ˸ֲ
û£
ҴþȫĽԼеȥüͷĳЩǰĵǰ˰֣û¡
ҴϵǱȴҪ˺ܶ࣬Ҵ϶ֶ˵ûаĸۣһɣ֮⣬΢֮
ﵽһĲεʱ򣬱ԽսԽ£ļҲǻԽԽǿ
һĿϵĿҴϺЩҵĵǣĿڣȻҲ֪ǵʲôݣҲǵûκεȤһ仰ұҪ֣صĸǡ
ù
Ÿ˵ҪȥλʶһЩѪǲǶ˶ûʲôô
£㲻ȥҴϺЩҵĵǵɫһԾ»صϣʹЩŵĵӣߣ
ǣ
ŵЩˢˢĵͷŲҴϵıǸǿеģڲ뷽ŵıָ޵ĽԺ
Ÿеӣ
ϼҼʱǰ㣬ֻһζȥƣȴԼûʲôµġ

1826 ڸˣ1

ǵȻСǽǰ;ȴǲǵͬڸϣǶδŵ˱ͷ
ݣ
ݣ
ЩŵĵڲĴü뿪ˣԭصҵǵɫȴǺܺãҴϣŲȥıӰ۶Թޣ
裡
ֱǶһ裡
˲ô겻˵ԴСεǣҴϿʱʵô㣬û뵽ںͲ붯֮ȴ˲
һٵͷӣ书ȴ粻ǸëѾͷߣ
ǱëѾͷѹŴ򣡣
⻻˭˭ܣ
˭ܳܵ˰
ϣӦô죿
Ǽ׷ȥǻȥ㱨
ŵڶ뿪֮ЩҵĵӲŸҽҴϵʵݡ
ķӦ˵֮⡣
һʱ֮ҲЩŵĵ΢΢Щɵۣ֪ôźˣֻܽȵҴϵϡ
ǣҴϴʱȷ羪κһ㣬ڵķŭ
ѵǾôֻȥҼʧˣ书粻ëѾͷҪڵĻҼ󷽲Լ׷Щ˴Цˡ
ԼԺʲôǵǰ㣿
Ҽġ
ҴϲϻȥǼҪŲʱҲǸǵѡΪҴϺԾͲǲĶ֣ǼʱҲֻ˷ʱ䣬ȴûʲôʵԵõġ
ºˡ
ԭΪҼɸĻǸɼ򵥣ģû뵽ȴԼģҴǻȥǣȥҲǡ
ҴѹסԼķŭһĿĿŷǸԼ߿ڵҵӣǳȥ
ȥȥͼ
ô һ仰˲Ǹҵĵڨڨı죬ǲɵô˸
ɲҡ
ԲϣС˼ǲܣ
С˸
дҪʱϴĲĲ˵ϴ̬һҪϿҵģ仰ҵĵӵǰֵ˼¡
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ҼµҪţòųæƴǺֻʱ£Ҳûо˵һҪĹأǽ뵽ڵĹҲûʲôġ
Ȼ书ҴǱȲòġ
ǡ
˭˵һҪǿ书ĸߵɰܣ
Ҫ书;һеĻôĹͳһˣͻָǴʢˣôĴ£
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Ͻ̻壡
Ҵϻ֮ЩҵĵǵĳҴϹѸµҲǱŷŲ뿪ķٵнˡ
ǿַǷվϲֻǱ棬ȴǵģһķӿͷƤȷѪ꣡

ġġ
ЩĿڣԼǰĺġ
ʱѾҹĻ٣ҹһŨīһ㣬Ļ
ĺѾ˿һˡ
һʱ䣬һֱֵд
ʱһǳ棬ּϱ׷ɱѹʮ㣬⼴᫵ɽ·ߵٶҲǺܿ죬ھһĴ֮󣬱ٴ־Ҳǵֿסϵƣ
ֻԼ˫ȺǹǦһܡ
Ϣһ¡
Ϣһɡ
˲ڵϣҲǹ˲ʲôغͳˡ
Ϣһ£ǳЩһЩˮټ·
ֻû죬ϵ·ǾˮϴһͲֱšˮˣ
̫ĥˡ
˵˶ٵȱµ飬ڲŻ
ʵܶʱҲ룬ǲԼǰĴ̫ˣŻ䵽ڵҲҵ
ĵҪõĶˡ
ȻǺڱҲǺڱţǺɾ档
ĿԽԽĻѣϵıĲѣǿʵ԰׵ɫҲ֪ȷǺࡣ
֪һ·϶ҧֵģڲſҲǵܲ˵ĲŻ˵Ҫ ͣģ˵ͷ
ǺðɣС㣬ǾϢһ¡
պССҲҪʱιˡ
ֻǲ̫ܵõʱ䣬Ҫ˶þͻᱻҵЩ˸׷ˣ
ĶѸ٣˺˵Ϣһ⼸ֵʱ򣬾һĸоеĸ˳̻ʵĳš
״̬ʵҡ
һ߳Ÿһ߻Ҫι̡

1827 ڸˣ2

Ҫ̫εֿտ׾࣬ڵͺһԥĶеĶеۣȻֻ뿪
ϧǲˡ
ǻкڣǶԼõĶҲǱҪģȻҪıˡ
һǴҲǴͺľҧҧˣ
ģҲϢһ
̻ʵĳ˸ͷ֮󣬱кźҲһͬϢû¡
ɽǰ·
ʵڲеĻùưɣ
ЩƵҵĵǣͺҲʵǱƵͶ·ˣ
˼ңֲ书ϻ׸ܺЩ书ǿѵصҵ࿹⣿
綼ǻᱻ׷ϡ
деĴɽͺҲ޾ľ
аɡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱǸͷʲôʱ߳ȥãģһץһץƺҲûʲô׵ĵط
״ҲߣԵϢʱҵЩŵĻѾǵԶֽ˼֡
װйƳĺѾֱߣֻЩҵĵٿһЩͺı㽫ЩƳųȥЩƳȥҧҵЩǣԴͺʱ䡣
롭
ںĺ񾭵ʱЩ𽥿ҵĵǣȴڹؼʱͣ
ϡ
һһҹˣûκεĶаˣŮôܵô졣
ľ˰ɣ
ЩҵĵǴʼĵڵĴͷɥǿҪĺĥЩˡ
ÿһǶǺò״ȥѰͺģû뵽ÿһζǺ
Ӧܼ򵥵аˣ
ֱ̫аˣ
Ů˲ֻͨŮ
书ᣬôӦˮ©ġ
ϣȻϢһ°ɣŶأ
ҵ̽ŵǰѯҴϵ˼ Ƕѵأ书ɵҲǷӡ
ͺߵʱߵģЩҵĵѰҵʱȴҪѰңκεĽ䶼ܷŹ
Ƚ⹤ǳɱǣȷǺѵġ
ߣһ·ͺĻϢϢԸͳԸЩҵĵȴǺ׼
ͺĵѾ׼Ҫʱ·ģһЩճĶǲȱġ
ЩҵĵǲʱĽ˴ɽѰңѾһ춼ˮδ˭˭嶼ǳܲסġ
߳ϵ˵ͷϢһ°ɡ
ϢǿϢģֻʱߵġ
ҪߵĻ֮ǰѰôȫ׷ˡ
ߣڴɽԼŻȥ·ͳȥ·ǲģȻǲģô붼룬϶Ҫ˳ųȥ·ˡ
ֻǡ
Ҵϴµıһ·λ
ӣɽȥķˡ
ѲѰҴ˷
ͺǳˣӱǵ׷ҲӦķܰ
ϾԼĹҵʱ·ǺϤҲǸܺõڻ
߳벻飬ȴܺܺõһ͡
Ǿǡ
ͺڽ£ܴ˷ˣ
ǸũָķѾƫ룬ʵڴɽܳȥѾһܺõĽˣкܶ˷вã뵽ɽ֮·һӶûܳȥԶڴɽˡ
֦Ҷïʢдеʱ
¶ףǸܺõɣ
ںĺ񾭣ǻȥһڵĽʱ򡭡ͻȻ֡
ЩǰϾҪҵĵǡ
Ȼ
Ȼͣס˽Ų
ǡʲô
ͺ໥һ̶ۣ˫ܴӶԷп˾ϲ
ЩҵĵҲˣ
ҲϢ
Ϣͺ˵ֱǾһľϲ첻ǡ
һεǽңôĴεľ;ˣ
ͺĸоһӾ˶־ЩͿҪóĹƳֱӱŻص䣬ͺҲϢˣԵĻָ˯´ӵվ
߰ɺġ
춼ôˣҪǻǱץĻǾ̫Բүİæˣ
ĳһ
Ҳصĵͷš
ȷǡ
С㣬ūСС㣬СЩµ·
ڴĵľŻѰͺĵЩҵĵӣĺЩģֻܿŻ΢Ĺâ¹·Ҳȼһѡ
ʱ˵Ǹ·ˣǻֱӱЩҵĵǵĿץסˡ
û¡
˺Լˣ
ͺѾʮֶˣ

1828 Ͷ

ֻǽ΢Ĺ⣬ȴҲǲӰǰߵߺ;ģټ裬Ҳһȥ
Ϊ˻ţΪܺúõĻţΪܱ֮ǰĳͺıҲҪȥ
ֻǣΨһԤϲ飬ǽ߾ȫȥĵطǳѩ
˻
Ϥĳǳصʱ򣬺ĺôһ˲仹Ǹжģھһҹɽʹּ尾ʱ̶׷ʱвǵһСˣҲʮֵΪһֱɽ档
ֻѣҲݳޣû뵽ҧһʱڿɽֵľͷһ·˳С·ǵ˳ǳ֮⡣
ֻǳôôİأ
ĳˣѾϤˣ
Ǻǰǳزһ
ѵֻǱץСʱ䣬ͷô⣿
Լʼİˣ
ͺĽϵЦݣվڳǳ֮üͷɻĿǳǽİա
һıǲ̽ˣЩİǵźԼƽʱЩ˵Ѳ̫һ
С㣬ǳİա
ǵЩ죬ȴ벻Ķ
ںкɵʱںĺɵ֮ڣѩİա
ˣ
ѩİհ
ԼôôҪˣͻȻпһ֮ǰѩǸʱһͬǸһͬģֻǵʱ˿ڽ֮Ƿߺ޵ȥ
ʣµ龿Ƿʲô
ĺ涼ǲ֪ģ³ҲֻֻƴǵĽͰˣĹȴҲǲġ
ѩʱȻûкúõѩȴҲѩס˼졣
ֻǴҴһ𣬵ʱͺĵæŸ·æŻسҲûעѩİմΣֻʶزһӡ
ΪǺҪһʱ֮亣ľȻûļԺãȻô̵ʱ֮ڱ뵽Щŵѩİյѡ
ˣǿɾˣ
ǱҪسģǵļң˭֪ɽûзûûҹؿһҹ֮󣬳ľȻѩ
˲Լǰ;ãǿҪ޸·ħ䵱ˣ˭ܵѽ
ֻ밲ȵĺúһʱ䣬ʱ֮亣ֻԼȻҲ˲书
ܿģıϾɽ֮䣬ѩҲûʲôã滹ˣҲٿЩͷˣպ·պ취
ѸٵĵԼ̬ǲߣС㡣
ȽһŵĵطúϢһ
Ϣ֮Ӧ䣬ҪѩҪ»س
Щʱ
ûܰռƻ»صѩҲδؾһǻ¡
ϾŵЩҪ׷ɱǵҵӣѾ֪̽ǵݣȻǶ֪һҪԼļңԼĳôǰճ˵˼ĻЩҵĵӣҲǻ²⵽ǳˣȻҲǻᳯųܣʱڳ˱׷ɱС
⣬ǳ䲻ѩ
ЩҵĵôҲ벻ŮӹһеӤȻĴֱһȫİĹ棬ǵڻҲǸĻᡣ
˵Сɽ֮䣬˵ıˣɽ֮ʱ̫¶Ĵϡ٣ǵ̺ʽܽɽ֮Ƴѩ֮󣬲ѩİյУЩҵĵӱ˵ʲôҲҲԼˡ
ѩôڣҵٴҲܽеİȫǣѰ˵䣬ⲻʵҲʵʵġ
ߡ
ֻҪаǱڻĺͿԾŷһʱѸٵתѣҲǿһܺõڻˡ
ĺ涼ģ˵ĽŲҲ˺ܶ࣬Ѿɽƴȫطɱڳɽֵ˳֮䣬Ҳǲκεиġ
ΪܿԲЩҵĵӱ׷
ʱ˾Ͱˡ

1829 

ãȽȥɡ
ҲǺһ㣬Ժĵʱԥĵ˵ͷĿȥ˯һ֮˱Ѹٵسųǳߡ
˽ѩĳǳصʱѩĳǽϣһӰڹ۲쵽˵ӰʱĿ΢΢˱仯һ˲ǳųǳɱǰɫģ
ǲ붼֪
ȥŵģ
վڳǽŵģҲڼලŵģ
ͺôҲ벻ѩҵĵ̣ҵĴӪеҵӽסѩġ
ѩҼͲô¾ֱӽͺ˸ץΪ
ǿİѩĳ񣬿ʵϣȴͱҼͨˣֻߣЩ˱ҵ͵ݵƽ
ҪһͬҼˣͲѡ
ߣ˵һĻڱĹҺͳǳأĵİջῴͺĴźӣǹŮ˿֮İæܣѩĵؽ֮ڣû˸Ұû˸ҿ
ǷѾĻֳôĿ࣬Ŵ߳ϵ˳û뵽תֱ֮ӿҵΧ֮ڣͶʲô
߳ϵǰģҵЩ˷ûκεţǾĬͺĴ˳ǳ֮˿ջס£ȴһֱڰм˵ľٶ
Ҽ㱨ʱüĽš
ؼĻյڳǽسѲӵʱӰ쳣ѩˣʱѾˣߣǵĻлһеӤҪ̽
ֵ֮Դκε仹ңҪʮСľŵĿڳǳس룬˭Ƕһȷûʲô쳣ȷϸֻǲ̽ӲŻᰲȻķС
ͺĿƽʱʱֻͨŮźӸ·ˣôؼʱȴʮֵñעġ
ֻҼµĵӻ㱨Ϣʱ򣬲ɵôǹһĨЦĿȷʵЩĿڻ㱨ĵӡ
˼
˼
ҼЦŵĿڣɲ˼
ǲ߳ͬôҵĵӣһͬȥѲͺڵټΪľҪĺӸ˹
ϧ߳ϴôҵӣȥôõʱ䣬ʼնûлӦ
ҲǻûץĺӰɡ
ҼԭҲǲżģϾδһлʱ߳ȥ񣬿û뵽ͺľȻźͶ
ŶĿɾͲҪҼˡ
ΪԵְɡ
ΪԵֲŻдŶӵʱ򣬱ҵ˸ץҵƫԺ
ҲԵ֣ԲŻͺһ·ܵ׷֮󣬾ȻҲĻصҼΧ֮ڣҼƤӵ¡
עҽⲻĹϵ

ԡ
ŽⲻĹϵеĺӺŽⲻĹϵġ
Ϊ
ҵˣעҪҵġ
ѪеֶκҪĨȥĨȥģһ棬Զ޷Ķ
ҵǰ㱨ôҼѾ˾ڵķԸĪţҪǼˣֻҪܼǵһһͿˡ
Ϊʲô㣬ҲҪźۼľȫǣǳԿί
Ҫǲܵί˿ࡣ
Ҽڣ֮ԻôԸҪǺ£ͺίͺˡ
Ҽ˿ںģûʲôѣҲҼûʲôϵ
ҪĻǺѽ
ǸҼ˳ᢵĵ
Ĺ⣬ǸкˣĹ⣬ֻ߲кĻҲҪҲԱҼв
һڣʲô飬Ҫ˼ˣ
ĵ֮ǽƽ֮ǲͷԣȥܣĻʵΪ˱סԼȨƺͻλʱ򣬶ԼȥԶ֡
ǻȥ֮ƫ̻κһһһһΪʵۻȥߣΪֻ˫ƾУ໥ѹƣϵĻλȡ

1830 ȥ

һжǿ̸
ǣס
ҵĵҼķԸҴҵȥѸٷԸĵӣ˲֪˼⣬ʱʲô˺ͺģԼǸӵ飬ʱɲ˭ܳܵġ
ҵĵӴȥʱ˭֪ҼȴٿؿڣסǸҵĵӡ
һȣȥ׼һ°ɡ
ѡһʱһȥǵġ
Ҽž˾
ѾԼƤӵ£ǻȥĻܾ治̤ʵ
ҪǣǸҵ߳ʵ̫ˣҪǵ߳ϻԼǰ㱨ϢĻҪȵ˺¡
ô룬Ҽ澹ȻҲʼһ˿˿ڴ
ˡ
ҲûʲôҪҪȥֱȥĺӣԼҲǷˡ
Ҽ鵹΢΢Щת
һֱڳ˵ɱɥ֮Ҽû˵¶Ȳ˵ɱɱֳٳҲºϹҲǲԼƣֻĥĥ䣬ԥԥ
ߡ
ҼǲȥŲҴҲǳ˰̡
ݹҼƹôѣ߳ô꣬ʱʧܹ
ƵƵʧܣҼҲε顣
εĳǸƣǺЩ˲Ҳûá
ҲΪʲôҼƵƵЯ˵ԭ
ϾֻܳŵڸļҵһŻֹķʢȥ򣬲ڸĻҵǳŲĻҵҲ类ܹ⡣
֮£ҼǶǸӱϣˡ
Ҽôŵģҵȴ˻ֻ֪ǿҼ̬ȷ˽Ȼͬת䣬о𾪡
˻
ոûɣ
ûþɣ
ȻҪȥۼǸŮˣ
ǸŮ˵ʲôݰ
ʲôҪĹϵ
ȻҼȥǣ
Ҫ֪
ܶҵĲܳĳϣֻǲĵӣҪȥһҼǻѵ飬οڻҼҪȥĺӡ
ҼôƬ̵Ĺ򣬺ܶ˵Ѿʼ⣬ǺҵĹϵˣ
Īǡ
˻
Щҵĵһεһɴ۾ģѾѻϵЩŴ󻧵ķ¸˸飬Ѳǡ
ͺӵݡ
ǺǼʲô飬Ϊ⣬ҼŲֱӽǶĸӸңֻ氲һǲ˱ǵİȫ
ˡ
ҵĵģȴκεıֺʹ⣬ԽĹѸٵ£
ҪǱ֪Ȼ˴󵨵ȥ뷨ΪĻһԼԲ˶ߵġ
ɲΪҪȥԣԼС
ûأ

ѩջڡ
ͺĵʵǱɽ֮ûûҹıãʢģ˵Ѿ˺ֵζԭΪ뵽ջлкܶ˶ԼҪڿջסĻҲҪһġ
û뵽
ͺĽ뵽˿ջ֮󣬿ջûа㿴ԼǶԼɫ̬ȹġ
̬ȹһͺĲ˻þǾǡ
ڻСݣǴŵġ
⡭
ôܾЩأҪҪ˵죬һʱͺȴ˵ġ
̫СĺͶ˰ɣ
ҲѩİվĴأϾ֮ǰһͬѩʱҲûúõѩй䣬ȻȴǶķȫȻûӡġ
ܾΪѩĹãѩİնʡ
λҪסͷ
ò˵λʵãСڸǿһһġ
ǿջϰϴЦƵʢľջ
ͺɫϲĴһ£ȷǿջûжˣҿջֱɽ֮õĲҪ̫ˡ
ĺ໥һۣ˵ͷãǾͷϰˡ
ϡ
Сλ͹ȥϷúдλ͡
ȥպϴˮλԡ
ǿջϰ崺棬Ӧʮʹ죬кСʱǸصķԸš
СȻҵЦݱϰ忴ŻҪĻŭţͺֻëëġ
⡭

1831 

̬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
õе 
ĺֹˣǶ˲ɣ
ջϰͿջС˼Ȼ̬Ⱥãȴûа˽ģҲûзʲôΪֹĵطϵɫôȻ
ȻطˣҪʲô˵ֱӴҴææˣ²ǻɻɡ
ˡ
ĺеɻСָ֮£Ȼס˿ͷ֮ڣҲôõʱˣҲǼʶ㣬ʲôûмʶ޷׽ܵģջʲôߣҲҪһԵġ
ߣҲܵǶˣķ˶˵ÿͣСľžˣһջĿջҲ飬ǲˣ
ذɡ
˷䣬ֽЯЩźá
źҲ֣صĵ˵ͷС㣬ūҲġ
СϢūЩСС㣬СϢ֮ū澡
Ļ䣬С˷ţеĳŷĺĺ˿˵СϴˮģСͽȥ˳ᵢλ顣
⣬С˻λ׼˷ˣλ÷ȥϴˮҲԡ
СȽеĶķ䣬аžǡ
Сվڷ湪ûпͺˣϵЦҲǲκεͲҪˡ
Ƴһɫ˵ͷڣɡ
ϣ
СӦţŵʱ˵ǰ㣬ʲô鶼ûֻǽŵʱ˵Щ˽㹧ˡ
λãʲôҪСĵģǱֻкһСϾ͵
ʲô飬С˶߾ȫġ
ͺ˵СֹС˱㲻λˣС ˡ
ͺĿСԶȥӰϿдɻ
¶֣Ǵ͸¶аŶ
˵ʱǽԼбŵ
ôãôãǾʮõģƽʱû¶ʱΪһװιԼͷϣµʱ򣬱һܺõ鶾Ķ
ͺ˵Ŀע֮£Щ棬δκɫַЩˮҲûв쳣͵ֻͨͨһٷ˺ˮˡ
ͺʵǰ˼Ⱑ
ˡ
ģʲô㺰ңٶȺܿ죬ᵢ̫õʱˡ
ڵѾǵǸǧСˣҲûôĽֻǵΪ˸ɾȥ裬ΪܣٶȻȻҲ
ĵͷοǣС㡣
ȥɣùū澣ū澻ۡ
ҲٺͺĿ˷ʱ䣬Ѹת˸ڼ䣬ܿıϴ˺ĽȥȻֵǶˣϵķ˱
֮˻ģһΪѾЩ˺ϴˮûжߣ˶ϰġ
ҲǶҩһ̵⣬ͨһЩҩҩ˵۾֮¸Ѳġ
ʲô쳣Ǳ㵱ֻͨͨķ˰ˡ
ߺĺ洧ⲻ֪ΪʲôЩջϰС̬ȺõˣһͷջջϰͿջСȴֹסϲͼ
ϰ壬˷ˣ
ǿ Ҫˣ
Сģͺ˵ķ֮һ˷ܵ״̬ϵЦݸҲκοƵͷųģͬģһԵĿջϰɫҲûȥСǲˡ
ǰǰ˷ˣķˡ
˭뵽ǿջôһֱǲ²״̬ҲǵֵǿջƵʱˡ
㡭
ȥЩЩҵүǣλСǿջ汻չ˵ĺܺãԲκε⣬λҵүǷİɣ
ջϰŵĿڡ
ҼҪúչ˺ͺĵ֮ЩҵĵǱѸٵȥţûã㴫ǳأڣҲͺ˲֪Լܵӱڹ֮⣬ʣеİն֪ˡ
һѵķƵĺûᰡ
۰Ͱ͵ˡ

1832 

ҪͺļԼļңԼĵ̣˭չ˺ĸӣôĶѻ
ҼҪúչ˵ˣʲôݣʹǸʲôֱʣõűظ
á
ԡ
ջСϰŻĸˣֱϵڱĺ¡
˵չ˺ͺļĹⱲӵǮˣԺǲΪƷˣ
̫̫ˡ


뽫ǰӵȺҵĵǻ֮󣬱ǸӲκεʱ䵢飬ӱޣһŵĵֱֱĳڲȥ
ƴǺֻվֱ֮ӱվ
ʱЩҵѾʼڣֱӽԼҰĲ¶ˣԽ㣬ҪԽҪӿٶȵĺƴǺֻϣƴǺֻһͬԸЩҵˣǸЩķ
򣬵һҵЩ˺ֻƴǶֵʱֻƴǽڱ״̬
ʱҪˣ
ֻƴǶԣҲΣա
ҲֻΪֻƴǣⷬôżǰֻƴǻϣһҪĿģǾΪۡ
ͻȻʧ٣òһֺܲõԤУȻûȷе֤֪۵ʲôΪʲôͻȻʧ٣ȷʵҲһֲ²ġ
Ǿǡ
һǺڵĹƳϵġ
ڵĹƳ沢δ⿪ʼնǸ۵ߣȻҴ֪ۺƴڵĹƳ࣬Ҳ֪ĸƵĹؼ֮ڲȫģ򲻹ȥһڵĹƳ棬ǻ˺
֪һ㣬ǲƴǺֻ֪
ң֮ԻͻȻ䣬пԶƴҲǻ仯ΪܲڹƳ任쳣ǰ׼۵ԿرãԼڹƳ淢δ׷ʱԶĶ˼޹Զƴǵ棬ȴһۻ٣Ͼ߻ֻģĳĳڷƴǡ
ܿƴǴ
ߣֻⱲϲˣҲ൱ߣܶôϻۻˣԼϲ˵ʱǻɥʧһЩжϵǻƴжϴ
Ϊˡ
Ÿò潹ģֻۼƴǣƴڵжϳ۵ȥǲԼǰ㣬ΪƳ淢ˣѾ޷Ƶĳ̶ȲŻڲѵ֮²ġ
ôͱҪҵۣҪǲʱҵۣ⿪ۺƴڵĹƶĻ뵽ΣյС
ʱվеϹ£Ҳͬ˽Ƶ״̬
˲ƣʱ̼ˣκ̫ĶǺԼĽֵҪнڵľȵҲԽ˵˼
һΰкֻ׼ʱٶȵĵµķаݷá
¡
ֻ÷еºϹ΢΢һ̶ܿ˱ǷӦˡ
ͬϹ໥һۣǵЦŵǰȥŴ򿪣ֻӭ˽ţˣ
ϹҲЦӯӯĸº㣺ǰ㣬
£úд㣬ұ㲻ˡ
պϹҲľʱֻˣҲл뿪£ȥƴҪˣ
á
µ˵ͷûκζ˵
ż˶Ǹ£Ƕڸ˵жĿû̫ʺͻˡ
ٶʣºֻˣµǻţȲĽֻԼǰ㣬֮Ǹ˱̵ĳҵǰˣ޴ڣ޿ײ룬ǵļƻ𣿡
ĵǣİֻ˵ǰյļжֻΣյУȴƭǸˣʱ򣬷ֻװȥðվͲ̫ˡ
ſǻĿֻ֮صϱҲ£ֻҲһܲõϢҪ㡣
ֻʵҲھᣬҪҪ˵ʵ
Ϊʵ̫˽ˡ
±Ը̫ܲѹǺ˵в֮ºĲѣҪٸԼڵĶʵĻǻʹࡣ

1833 ̹

ɹƳʵ̫ԵˣֻĲȷԼûб½⿪£ȻԼȡʱ䣬ҵ⿪Ƴİ취ôֵģҲʵûҪ˵ʵ¸Լһġ
ֻҲ⿪Ƴİ취ĻôʵĻǾǺ¡
ǶԼ֪Ȩġ
ԡֻǻѵľأ˼ȥãžǽһж̹ף֮ҪôĻԼҲǿµġ
ʲô飿
ȻµıַӦֻԤǰһģһģֻĻ֮µϵıͻȻĪĲҰ˵״̬ҲǸޱȵĽš
ҹǺӣûκεѾ¾Լˣֻ֣صĳԼǰ˵Żб顣
ʲô飿
ֻԼٶȼӿ죬Ҫɤһ㡣
ڵĶǶǹơ
µĽŵ֮£ֻվǽԼ֪̹ף˵ʱ򣬻һöҩڷµǰңöҩ裬ҲǹƣǶ
ʱֶҲİ취ģʵǷÿһֹƶƵķͬҪ⿪ķҲǲͬҡ
ֻԽԽûа취⿪ڵĹƳ棬Բ𡭡
Ϊһ򣬿ʱǶЩǰҵԼԼβĲ˵εĿע֮µʱȴ˵Լûа취Ȳˡ
ߣֻҲǵ潫¸Լá
ڹ˽ֻ޵Σһʱֻ֮ǲȥֱµģ¿΢ۿĿ⣬ֻĵͷֻкǱʯͷסһܡ
ǡ
ֻû뵽ǡ
һЦ£ֻװ׵ĸڵʱϲû֮ǰģĿ⻺ı÷˵״̬ҲŻͣǡ
һֱͻȻǰ㣬֮ǰΪ֪ʱһֱں£Ѿ֪ˣѾǻǰĴʱ򣬷ûôˡ
ʵµʱ򣬶Ϊ֪
Ҫ֪ԼܾͲôš
ԭûϵģ㡣
ºܿıԼ̬ЦŵĿޱֻҲǾˣ֮ǰСģ˱˵ļƣŸǸ˵Ŀɳ֮Ѿˣ㲻Ϊûܽ⿪ڵĹƳˣ
Ҫ־ֻܹʵǴˡ
ȻµҲǺʹģȴǲܽڱ˵ϣ仹һԼֻ㣬ȻĻµ뷨ġ
磬ȥǺĶɡ
µĿеľȻһѾˡ
ˡ
֮ǰµȷºԥ
Ͼˣ˭ҪúûȥأҪв飬ǻʶĲҪȱԼ뷨̬ǸˣǸԼĶҩµ־壬ǲ֪ôźá
ΪҪţ̫ǣҵˣǣҵ顣
ڣ֪Լʱ·ˡ
ȻȥĻѾãôԱԼȥһЩ飬Լĵɽˮʱ򣬱ҲǲԼų
һ˲䣬²֪Ȼ¸ңֻ֣̬ȼĲֻܣѾˡ
ǰ֮ǰһһϷʱǸ˱¶ڽǰͽһҪǰ׼Ҫµװ׵˷Ѿˣ
̬ȼ£ֻĬˡ
ʵԼ֪ǶǹƵʱֻҲǲԥ
ҪǶĻȫȥȥԶ۾գһ£ǹƵĻ
ֻʶķԼСһŬɳСԼûôҪģҪҲҩþͿԺƴһˣĺȴܾΪԼĹʧװ׶ֻв̡
Ϊĸ׵ˣҲ¸УֻֻǴĸԼСһ£˲쳣
½ֻ֣ƶΪ˽㸹еĺӡ

1834 

Ҳһе
˵Ĺ²ֻӦֱӽֻŷһߵǿŶҩȥ
ٶ˾զ࣬óǱŻȥ̬ģûøֻӦĻᡣ
һ˲䡣
ֻԭصģǾĿ⾹֪˵ʲôˡ
һֻǻţֹȴǿϵľȻþö֪οڣϴǳЦ
㣬Ȼû˵ȷʵܿĳġ
ͬĸ׵ģĸ׵ԣǻᾭڲɫ֮俼ǵԼеĺӵİΣҲǲʲô飬ʲôΣգǻʶȱԼĺӡ
ֻǸٶȻϸ΢ǣ»һ۾Ϳˡ
ΪԼҲидġ
ֻԼ̫ˣôòֻ֮ȥðգδҲ̫ˣ
ϹСģʶ˲ǳ˵ģôҲеɣҲӦ׼
ˣӲгڣѾǶôõʱˣƽ˺ӣˣҲǳԿ׬Щʱա
Ѿȥˡ
ǺŹƳĶҩѸٵķ֮󣬱ʶ߬ȭͷʱ̲ŹƳ븹֮󾿾ʲôı仯»Ƕֻ㣬һҪϸˡ
һҪϵķӦٶϸʱװʱаֵĲ±ǰװ׵Ļȥˡ
Ƭ̵Ĺ±Ǵ죬ɫҰףѾ˷Ӧʹǳһʴµ񾭣տʼʱһԽܣģʱµϱľ޴ʹ֮ɫ
ƫƫ
ʹ࣬¶ǲֱӽкġ
֪Ǹ˵ʲôطûڰй۲ǣܺҪǱǺ˸ĻôһԵĿȫ׷ˡ
ƴȫʹ࣬һԵֻǿŵľģԣǾҶǱǵģټѣҲû¶
ֻϵı仯һһ棬ûзŹκһϸ΢ı顣
һ
ΪͶҧѪĴǣֻվǳ֣ס££ˣЩַӦ㹻ҼϷˡ
ʩ룬ѹסڵĹƳ棬Ϣ֮־ʱ֡
ֻʵǲٿ¼ȥˣͬ˵Щ֮󣬱ЯŵҩȡСĽµ˼롣
»֮ʱǴȻЦݵġ
Ҳǡ˵һݵĽѰɡ
ֻСĽʱԵе²˴ϣԼǽ·˹Ƴ֮һϵеıֺͷӦһһμ档
ڣ¾㱸ֻʵʩˣ

һͷ
Ϲ˿յƴǵǰϵıͬҲǺء
ôϹЩȲһǶƴĪģʱǽеϣƴǵϣָоͷ·𡭡
·ֻҪƴڣôûʲôסµģǸ书ǿĺˣҲͬûа취˺µġ
ƴҲĵȷȷϹʧ
Ȼͬ㣬ǰƴǲŸոմϹ֪⣬ձѾ뵽˽İ취Ϲ˹ƴǸǺޱĸϹ
֮һֱǸصĺǣűߣΪһֱڱ״̬ûκεȨԲֻܱô˵Ǳֻôûκεѡء
ƴĿڣԭڽŵеϹզƴ㿪֮󣬱Ǹʶı񾭣ƺ˶ڸƴǵĻ仯仯ġ
ԡ
ϹƶǶεעƴǵϣȴƴǾԵĿ
ԣǱҪܷΪҲܴͬǸ˴ֲϹǿ֮£ƴǱĴǲɵùһĨζЦݣǰĵ֮£еĸ׽񡭡
Ȼ
ƴ˳ᢵģǽպϹƴǣȴǲԾΪ΢΢졭
Ϲƴͬͬסͨһݺüʱ䣬Ϊ˲˷ֺͲ쳣ŬʱȥѧϰԷΪϰߺ˵ʽ
Ӧô˵Ǳ˴֮ΪϤˡ
Ϲƴǵ֪档

1835 ˵

ƴֻ˼ȣǼа֮ǸոƴǵЩӦ;ٶ
ܵ˵ϹͷһǴĵƴΪֹЩ쳣
ҪϹ˵ƴǵ쳣ĻϹһʱ֮仹˵ġ
ΪʱΪǸҹţԲŻ˵Ľ֮²Ĵɡ
ƴʲôԾĵطأ
Ҳûκ׵ĺƴǣһԼˣϹϵԼô˵עҲûзƴǵϣתʼ˼ƴǷŶԼ˵Ļ
ǾӦôأ
ڵϹǴƶǶ£Ȼ˽ƴǿ˵Ϊʲô˼
ֱȥжĻһʱ֮Ҳǲ֪Ӧȡġ
ֻƴǴǹĻԽˣ̧ʾϹǰĿ˵ȻôҪݺҺͻôֱӸһᣬݺǳɹˡ
Ƿɾ裬ֻ̲סϲõĳɹʱҲǻٶǰǵģǸʱǽץβ͵ʱ򡣡
ƴܵ˵ʱҲû̫ı飬һϵʵİɣƴǷſڵʱϹôһ˲䣬ǶƴȻ𾴵ġ
ȹ龪ȣ壬ϹƴǵѾһˣҲǲһˡ
ܿģϹǽԼһѹȥϹ𾪵ƴǿ˵ЩȴǾûȻʣƴǵĻʲô˼ˡ
ˣֻڵʱŻЩҲֻǸΪԼļƻɹˣǵ水Ǹ˵ķԸҪȥݺƴǺֻǸ˲ŻὫԼĳ̬¶Żɾ裬ڷ
ǸʱһٽץĻϽҩҲûˡ
ϽҩĻôǴ֮֮ǸΪ׵ĺι¶ҩԼҪƵķΧ֮ڡ
Ҳ»Σˡ
򡭡
ֻһζӱǸµҪȥĻֻǻǸ˽ңܻƵǸļһЩʲô˺µ飬ǿɾͲˣ
 ƴǴ
Ȼ뵽ôİ취
Ϲ˲书Ѫ
ô飬üĿͽİ취ĪЩѾþöûгֹֿܵˡ
ԴΪĻ֮󣬱ֻӹˮûǸǰȥĻʹµĻǿһӶƽС
һκƴǼ棬Ϲҵ˵ƴɳǵԡѪսˣƴϵħܹ˶ãʲôǻĪĸģǻˣǵʲôʱ򶼲ԷǱǳ׵ûˡ
ƴǿϹѪڵģ⣬Ϲ̫ģֻҪԼôԵԼеĴ㣬Ҳʡ˲
ǰȥɡ
ýƴǶѾϹˣʣµǲƴ˵ϹҲӦÿԼ˵ģ
ԣϹȻ֣صĳƴǵ˵ͷǡ
ȥ£
ⳡϷҪ㲻ɫȰ˵ŻûһͬúõݺϷ
ƴǵ˵ͷͬϹҪȻúõĸֻ˵һ˵飬Īֻ̫ȣʧ˷ִ硣
Ϲ𼱻ǵ뿪ƴǵķ䣬ȥȲʱվͻȻֵĵӰȷʵƴǵϱɻ
վǵӰԶƴǻһ۱㿴ˣ˵˭
ǲ롣
ǲŵĵӿӱ޵ĸϵվ
ȻƴǺֻģһӹɵġ
ֻǡʲôŻòż
Լڵﻹδȵʱ򣬱ֱӴ˹ѰƴǺֻأǲӰģƴǵĿ͸ȳվǴҴҶӰȥֻǿһˣȴδ۵Ӱңѵ֮ʲô
ƴǵЩǡ
ڲ볯վķɱʱƴҲǻŲӳŲ˹ȥ
ôˣ
ƴڣɫ糺켱ٵظ·Ĳ뿪ʵͬʱҲŽĿƴǡ

1836 

ֻǲվԭزδ˵ȴʶĻܣҴҵĳƴǿ˵
ϣһղкܶ໰Ҫͬ˵֪Ͽɷ񷽱벻뵽档
ƴǺ˼ͨ͸ôһڣƴǵ˲ף֮ôŸһʲôҪ飬ҪǲܱģվʵڲǸ˵ĵطôҲǽ뵽վ棬Ϸţ˲ϸ̸ۣǳʲôļ¶
ƴǵ˵ͷ׷ŵǧϡ
ǧİڿƴʾ֮󣬲ɫĽվ
ǻ˶޷ƴǵķ䣬ǸƴǺͲһ˵Ŀռ䡣
ʲôˣ
˷֮ƴûж˵κεĻüĽĿŲȴŲ뿪ڣҲδ˵ֱִƴǵ
ʶģƴǱܿ˲롣
ôˣ
ƴЩԣķӦʵ̫쳣ˣôõʱղǲȴʲô˵ֱӱԼҪʲô
Լ
ƴҲǵòʲôʱѧҽҲǶβıµġ
üģû뵽ƴǻʶıܿԼҲͻȻʶԼΪ̫ż̫˵İΣˣŻʶ֮ǰŮ֮
ͬƴ˵űǸԲ𣬻ϣǲŮбЩͻð˻ˡ
ֻ֮ΪһҪķ֣Ҫźͻϻлʺλ˵֮ǰϣòڵɡ
뿴ƴšüģʱˣҪѻ˵ػƴǲô׵εģοԼεżĻҲ˵ʱ䶼ûУѾôõʱˣҲ˵һʱˣ
ôţԵĳƬ֮㿪ڣϣ֪еĹʲô𣿡
ƴǻش𣬲㾶ԵĿ˵еĹֽĸơ
ϵĹӹƣĸƱϡ
ڲǰѰϵʱʧˣʧ֮ǰ书һܴ󾫽ĳ̶ȵģԲ滳ΪڵĸƷˣԲŻ̼䣬书Ҳűǡ
ֱ˵ؽԼ֪ޱĸƴǣǻ˵һʱȴͻȻֹסĿĿƴǣҲŵ˼֣书ǣΪ߻ħŻᡭŻͻȻڶʱ֮ڽ书ﵽһ¡
һΪҪԭǾĸѪģڵĸƷĻôڵӹҲһܵӰġ
ǲΪĵĵط
˵ʱ򣬲ڵ˫ĿǴûйһ뿪ƴǣĿĶƴǵϣҷŹƴκһ˿һı顣
ʱʲôĵط
ʲô쳣ĵط
ٻûʲôɣһҪʵĸңϵ˵ǰõġ
뼱ĿڣҲ֪ԼûнԼҪ˵Ļ˵ϻۣܶʱǲԼڽ˵ȫ棬ϵ涼ܲ²ģԼȻ˵£ƾŻϵĴϻۣҪԼеļӦǲѵġ
εƴǵϣͬʱҲ˿˿ɻģ۵ӦѾǵ˺صĵزˣΪʲôƴǻƽ
ѵԼ֮ǰƴǵϵĸûκεı仯
ֻƴڵĸѾЧˣֻƴ̫̣Żװ һȫûб仯ģ
ô˵ܲ澿˶ٵĲ²⣬ڶֻѹ£ʲôֻҪһȫ֪ˣֻһζղ²ҲûʲôãԼġ
ֻƴ˲Ļ֮ϵıأҲǵĵȷȷ˲Ҫص㣬ֻǣƴǵȴһĨζĿ⣬֪澿ģڲεע֮£ƴǻؽԼ˲ǰ
˵ֱӴƴǵ
ܳһʱ䣬϶ûκεķɣܿƴʱǶôĽš
Ȼڲƴ֮ȴϵĽתʧı˺ɡ
֡
ЩڹصĶҲȻˣ꾡ЩƵķйƳԼ⿪Ƴİ취˴µ˽⡣

1837 ĸ

ƴǺеķĸơ
һ㣬۵ǿԺƶһģ
ĸƵصѪС
ǣһȫ
һϵĹƳı仯Ӱ쵽һڵĹƳ档
ͻȻȥ书ǣּ󶼱пڵĹƳ淢߻ħ޷׿ԼԲŻѡϢ뿪ʽ
ǲҪ˺룬֮⣬ʵûбҪ仰˵ֱ뿪˲ţ
ôƲĻƴڵĹƳҲһǻ˱仯ģܾΪƴڵĹƳ˱仯ŻӰ쵽ۡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôƴڵȻһƬȣûκε쳣
ƴʱ˶ǸŴ㵵ģƲˣƴڵĹƳӰ쵽ۣôڵĹƳҲǾԻӰƴǵġ
ƴǻ仯ûܵӰ죬İȻ
ʵЩʱ¶ЩߣǷ֮ѾӿΣգƴǵȴһ̶ˮƽûκεı仯Ǹòлɵĵط
뻺Ľƴǵſüš֡
ƴ΢΢ǲ֪Ƿʲôһ㣬ЦŵĿŲ룺ôˣ
ǲʲô쳣𣿡
ʱûоð㲻Ծһվɡ
ƴϱƵᣬ֪ǴŻɵģ⽫ֻ˳
һʱ̶ҵߣÿ춼Ұǵʲô쳣ĻӦֱӷֵġ
Ҳû˵ʲôӦûµİɡ
Ȼ
ԭɻģڿƴûκεı仯ټƴ㿪˵֮󣬱㵱˺ܶˣˣôôҪء
ֻʼնƴߵģҪƴǵʲô쳣ĻֻҲӦǵһֵˡ
ڣֻƴ˶ĵѵ
ѵԼ²ˣ
ԼϹţ
ʵƴʲô鶼ûУ
¶аˣ
ҪƴǰȻûµĻôܿҲûƳ淢ġ
ˡ
һȫˡ
Լ²˵ģ
´ˣۺƴǸûзƳ棡
ⱾһӦֵø˵飬ǲ֪ΪʲôĪĲܾò̫ԾѵԼ²ˣ
Ӧ
뿴ĵطƴǱ΢΢һĨȣŲǰ˼ӸǴǸˣ룬˰ɣ
ʱȷǷ˺ܶģȽҲ֮еġ
뻺ĵ˵ͷǿһĨЦ⣺ǿҶˡ
û²õϢ
ʱƴǵ߾ȻûֻĴڣ˲һֱӰôڱĹҾȻ÷ֿˣ
˻ϣʺأ
ǲμ»ʵǻʽӦѾ˵ģΪλͣôã
ĵȻûзҲò״̬õ˻⣬ڲȥһ³˹Ƴ֮ıˣ
Բʣƴ˵ĻϱҪӭȢʺˣùҲһμˣҲѾˡ
ڻȥˡ
˵£ϱ㶮ˣֻ½ѵü棬ȷӦúúõľһ۵ġ
ȻˣôǱҲȺúõվϢɡƴǵȿڶԲҲΪԼǧĵ
ܲûйƳ淢ٶȽϻȥⲻԼĳҲȷҪһ²ġ
ǧȥվа
ƴǳǧ֡
ԣǧĳ˹ͲδȻ浹һֻĸоֻ
ǧԲûôִˡ
Ӧ˵ǧѾ֮ǰǶζԲĸ顣
ǿãֻǻԼĪı֮С
ǧŲЦЦδߵС̫࣬Ҳǳеһ֮ˣ
ҲǺܶĸпǧȻҲòɲ٣򣬲ڿǧʱҲǻεġ
ǰҪѧ𣡡
ء
ôòô
볯ǧգգ۾ҵˣỹذɣ
ҿ˵Ѿ˸ˣ
˵ЦԶȥƴվԭأǧûע⵽ת֮ʱƴǵͻȻ˺ܶ
Щǰɲƴǵϣ˵ǴĿġ

1838 ϧû

ҪǲߵһЩϸһЩһᷢƴЩĿҲһµԣʱһлоȵġ
ϧƴ̫ˣƴ̫ϻˡ
ֻ֮ҪԵĶԽǽԼϹƳ淢׸ڸˣڵƴѾƽʱʹǰƴˡ
ͺϢĸıǰ㣬ƴԼҲ֪ڲ֪ԼȻǱôࡣ
ԼźѰʱһĸо
ƳǱ棬ֻƴǽ⿪˹Ƴ棬ƻƴڵƽ⣬ԡƴǲŻ۵һ
ڵĹƳȻܵƴڵĹƳӰ죬ԲŻᷴӦļңܺòƴڵĹƳı仯ȴϢףҲļ
ֻܿĴµķ»صƴǵǰ͵ȴõƴǵЦŵĿڣʱҲˣʱ빬ˣһȥɡ
Ҫ빬ѾܾˣһֱûҵʵĻᣬۼų״ǰ֮ǰҲοԼ빬˵˵Ǳٴ빬ȥҲ޿ɺǡ
οֻ֮ǰ˵лҪԼȥһ빬Ҳе顣
ƴǵ˵ͷֻĿ飬ֻ˵á
˵ʲôʱǱʲôʱȥ
ôˣ
ôͻȻ᣿ֻƳһƴͻȻûʲôԾֻͻȻЩˡ
Դ֪ԼеʱƴǱƵƵԼĺͻޣȫչʾԼûпƴǵһ棬˻ǲǸȨĳĻϰ
еŮױͷԵģԭֻƴ׽ˣҲǲƴ쳣׵ˡ
ϧ
ƴص̫ˣټֻƴŲɣƴ˵ûУֻҲỳɡ
ȻԴ֮һЩ鶼ڰռƻУֻĸȻûȷĽҲɵĵ鵱С
ǲ֪ΪʲôһĪĲһеİǱ֮ǰǰ㣬ıһ֮󣬱Ĵݲǵġ
ʱǸ޷˽ܵġ
ƴǱ΢΢ţֻʱĿĿҪֻڻһ㣬ֻĺ˼룺ǰΪĲǣᾹӾǷ
ΪǵˣպһӱĶӺãᣬϰΪҲˡ
ˣƶˣֻƴǶЦŵһƴǵĿڡ
ǡ
˵ǣ
ֻʱ˵ӰѾŷ档
𣿡
ֻվڷ棬ŷڡ
֨һ
ش𣬱ҪһǰֱӽŸˡ
Ҫ빬һȥɣֻЦЦûкϻֱ˵⡣
ֻĻشʹ졣
ã
ȱŸƴǺֻһ빬ȥǸԼƵŮ˵ʲô
˵ǸԼƵŮ˲ҲӦǻһЩ˿ģߡ
ǲǵǸŵˣֻҪۼͿȥܶĲ²ˣ
ҪȷǵǸŵˣôǶʱ֮Ҳټȴһƶķʹˣ
һֱڵȴţֻƴǵǰʱＸǲʲô׼㵱ŲӸһͬǰȥ
ѰʱţǸϼҼһǻģﲻ뿴ϼҼϼҼҲĬĬľһԶ
һΣۼֻƴǵӰվϼҼֻվվ棬ĿƵȥıӰȴδע̫õʱ䣬ûֱӸȥ
ǻȻתת֮ʣϼҼϵıѾǰǰ㿴ʱˮü֮価Į֮ǰǰᣬֻݼŵ̻һ㣬һ˱Ҳڿгһ㡣
Įȫˡ
Ǻǡ
˰
ôƱ䡣
ﵱʱľĵȷЧģǸҪϼҼƭһΣҲá
ϣͲʧ
ϼҼת֮ʣķڲ֪ʲôʱվŵһӰ

1839 ô

ǵӰһֱɧϹµǵصĺ˵Ӱ
ô
ϼҼûκεĿףֱ˵Ŀڡ
һǸصĺͻȻϼҼǰҪǽϼҼһǸ˵飬ϼҼҲźܶĲʹ졣
Ǿյʱ䣬ϼҼѾˣֺôٳٵòԭ£ûа취ӽƴǺֻصĺ˵Ľ飬һͬΪ顣
Ű취ԸƴǺֻ
򵥵ĺܶࡣ
ҶصĺˣϼҼҲһֱǱԿ̬ȣа취ĻôĽȥأ
˵Ŀͬһ
ϼҼҪ¶š
Ѿʵʼ飬֪ԼóȨЩȨĶǵĹٳϵ˵Ķ֣ǿеҪȥλĻǽڳܵҲǻȵԼ

õɽףܲȽɽһҪˣ
Ȼˣô㽫ԼĿ·Ż֮ڡ
ŵֻǲǸµСѾͷˣǴǰǸӢ
ȽڵűȽϺһЩ
ǰˣϼҼûв´ĻĿӦĹеȨ
Ƕ֮νҪ໥ã໥ɾͰˣû˭ԿԿû˭Ǻǻ
^

Ϸ֪ϼҼΪŵϼҼȻžԵģһֱڶŮ鳤УԸᡣ
Ϸ֪ϼҼһѡ񡣡
ϼҼ֮ʱصĺҲ˲ϼҼ˼Ǵˣ˵ĿѾﵽˣȻиˡ
˵ЦˬʣϼҼģֻҪϷϷȻæõҪĶϷҲǻõϷҪĶ
Ƕ˫Ӯġ
صĺȻܺá
ϼҼϲδ̫Цݣֻڵϻ㲻ö˵ˣֱ˵Ӧȥˡ
ڲصĺԻˣصĺ˲˵ʲôԼ涼ǻأ˵˷ʱ䣬ֱ˵˵Ҫʲô£ʡһЩʱ䡣
ϼҼѾȲԼػŵ۷ˡ
ô飬ôĸѾϰ˱˶׳Ƴ㱰ϥģ˵ǰСֺãпܱе
ǷϼҼᷳ
ʵƽĶۡ
ҪϼҼﵽûϲĻôǿ϶ģĶģʯͷġ
ϼҼߣôϼҼ浱Թ޵ģҲĥʱ棬ǷݺҲǽתƳһתƳ˲ᣬתƳϲ
ϼҼĵȷȷҪһ׽ֻƴǣȻ˷ɾ轫ǰԼһһ»ͬģϼҼҲҪ¿ʼһŻǰֵǰС
ŻֲϼҼʵ뷨ŻһֱԥС
ΪҪƭһ˵Ļô˵ĻѻбȻż滰ģ滰ĳɷҪȻѻĺܶ࣬ŻΡ
ͻȻֵصĺˣϼҼ˵һвջ󣬶ϼҼѿֶջ
֮£ϼҼֲܿסԼıԣͬصĺ£ˡ
ɽ׸ģƣ˵Ļ
Ǹصĺ֪ϼҼżԼҲĵȷȷû̫ʱЩĿ˷ѵģֱ˵سϼҼ˵֪ҪѰŵǸںδ
˻
صĺ˵仰֮ϼҼɵõһǿһ
Ȼ
Ȼصĺ֪ģҲµġ
ôһ˵ϼҼ»ϼҼʹ
֪صĺ˲򵥣û뵽ȻϼҼѰôҲġ
صĺˣʲôͷ
һ˲䣬ϼҼ澹Ȼһɺ⣬ͺ񡭡
ͺһֱĬĬĻǵı鶼ûӵù˵һ˫۾

1840 Լȥ֪

ʵ̫Ҫҵˣûϲǲʺʹȴеġ
Щ̫ЩϼҼΪڶеЦ
ʵ̫ҪҵˣݺݵĽĥһжȥôͷ֮ޣ
Ȳ֪ҲͰˣҲΪ飬ܲϼҼһֱԼԼȥѰж顣
صĺ˾Ȼ֪䡣
ôϼҼҲƲסˣ޲һ̷ɵߣȻݺݵؽռвĥĺǧٱ
ǸصĺĿ˵Ļʹ
Ǹ»ʵ۽ڹҵеġ
ŵǸ֪꣬Ҳ»ϣһֱصݣ괳ҲҪչ鼺гΪԼõˡ
صĺ˵ʱĿģ˸ľ⣬ǶЩ˵ϸϸ
ֻϧļƻûܳɹ֮Ķӡ
ųּ֮շתλãֱȡϻʵۣΪ»ϡ
ҪҵĻֻʹȥѰҡ
ЩҾ»ʵ۵»ʺ޵棬Ǹ»ʺ󲻶书ֻǺ𳤵ЩƣʵȴûʲôвģţƾϼҼı£Ҫҵ𲢲¡
صĺͻȻϣֻҪҵвƴǺֻİѱ͵ʱҲƴǺֻҪķԸȥˡ
صĺǿĵطЩúڣȻϼҼ˼׽ô
Ҫ֪̽ĲΪ飡
ܵʲôʱֻܲµóԷ뷨ʲôϵסԷ
ֻҪһ㣬ںصĺ˵Ľ׵ʱϼҼעҪ·λˣ
ܷһСӶ֪顣
ָֻϹȥݺֻвֻĻⱲӶûʲôָˣ佫еϣºϹ׵˵ϣͬʱϣֻͬƴų޵ϼҼϡ
˫һ˼ƻ񣬶˵ǴĿġ
Ҳͬǰһģ
Ȼ˻֮ϼҼϵıѾЩҲסˡ
̾ȥ
˵ʲôҲҪǸС˸ץ
⼸仰ϼҼмģ
޲̷ɱʹ潫Ǹαץ룬صĺȴƵĽϼҼˡ
ȥ
ȥǴһֻȥôʹеҪƴǺֻ棬֪㲢ǳĻڹģǵǰװӣʵȴҪǡ
ȻǸ»ʵۣ㻹δֳɹ֮ǰһͬԸģ
㡭
ϼҼտʼصĺ˵䳰ȷʱʶĿڴܳһŻ𣬿ǺܿģŻ
صĺȻ˵Щȴ˵ȴʵ
ˡ
ϼҼܿıָǣǸصĺˡ
֪ˡ
һԺ빬Ͳôʲôô
ҲϣƴǺֻ㡣

ǸصĺٶЦݣ˿ܻԼҰĲȻ
ϼҼҪֿɵõµȷǸöֲһҪõġ
ϷҲǶȤѵ𣿡
ϼҼǰصĺҲûֱ˵ĸϼҼҲûʲôҪ飬Ҫõ²˵гıͿˣҪһı
򣬱ֻͬǰݷ˶ꡣ
ϵϼҼ˵ȫеģϼҼǰصĺҲûıҪֱ˵ĸе顣
ŲߵģصĺҲں֪ԼǾôġ
ԭˣҲǴɺˡ
ϼҼͻȻĳǸصĺ֡
Ǹصĺ֮ʣϼҼȻǸصĺ˶书
ҪҲǲУֻ֪֪˲ܰս
Ҫ
ƣ

1841 һ

һҲǾԶܸĵģ
ϼҼ棬ŰΣľԵģԷĵϸʵֱ˵ԷķԸȥ顣
Ǹصĺ֪ϼҼ˼ûϼҼԼͻȻѹʱ̧ϼҼ
飡
ͨͨ
ֻǼµĹ˱ѾlΡ
գվѷ֮£ϼҼ˺һһΰȫľ롣
ãȻǱǴЭˡ
ǰףܵõԼҪõ飬ҲǴԸ
ϼҼôȻԼŲŶԣǸصĺһεõĻӦ
ҪôһҪóʵ͵ƣõ˺һ˶Ҫǵ顣
˺ͨϼҼĲԵģϼҼں˱δҲġ
ҪϼҼ̫ӹųĻʱǰװ˷˶ϣǺǸϹʲôأ
˵Ӱܿʧһ֮ڣѾԼҪ飬ʱ뿪ˡ
ͬʱϼҼӰҲûڷͣá
ȻʹҪȵڣ֮ǰȴǿĴһ»ʹĵϵ·ҪߣҲǷµģ

һҹΡ
ͺ˻ͷһξס
֮ǰΪҲΪɬǽסũұȥסЩ˵ĿջǿžͲˣ̸ܣǲ뵽ѩĿջ֮󣬻Ǳ˵ӣסȴϷֻˣʳҲǶõġ
ҡ
һüյĹͺĶСľŵģȴǰⶼûз֣
ĵȷȷǶˡ
ҿջϰС̬ȾôĺãֻǶкƣĿ˹ʱΪջϰСҲǻɫԶԷҪһһӦ
ȻˣǱõġ
ͺá
Ĵɾ±չˡ
⣬ͺҲԷ׵ĴվУúõϢȴʱ֮Ѱҳ·
Сͺ֪ǣǾջϰСΪչ˵ԼǵĺӻõҺܶʹͣҼ͡
ԣǵŻôõģ
˷ϲ¾ˬͻȻ֮䱩ˣһҼڲʲô鶼źŵʱջϰС֮ԻɫӦӦҲ޷Ϊãе鶼Ÿ˰ˡ
˷ϲ¾ˬ
Ҳ֮е顣
ҪǻҲǻ֮ǰǰ֮ġ
ֻЩԵͺĲ֪Ϊǲ֪ԲŻһᡣ
ǰȵĴҿջʱ߳ҲǴһڶҵӴһƬƬɽֵгŽǰЩǳأ߳һɵҵӵȴ¶ɻ
ǡ

һ·ɽߣϧɽʵ̫ˣĿģȫҲͷԡ
ͺǰ㣬˵ĿҪصģϧȴɽ·ߴ˷ֱӵѩ
߳ϴҵӣҲͬɽʧ˷ֻкĲͬǣͺѩ߳ϴһҵӣȴֱӵĳǰ
߳ϣǿҪȥ
Щҵĵ̽ŵĿ߳ϣҪǱĵطĻǼҲ룬Ͳ߳ԸֱȥȥѰͺĵˣֻڵȷʵЩͬѰġ
еҵ˶֪ҵѾΪ»ϣҲӿŲʲôһ㡣
νˮˮȻ߳ϺǸҵˣҲûʲô飬֪ѵģҪʱôͻȻĹУǻŵġ
ʱҪǵ飬˫ĺǱ㲻ˣҲ߳ܵģڳЩҵĵܳܵ˵ġ
ԣҵЩӲŻ̽ŵĿ߳ϣȴ߳ϵĽ߳ҵӵЩѯʵʱϵıҲʼó
뷨Щҵ뷨һ
ҪǱĵطҲ룬ͻֱӷԸЩ˴ȥĴѰĺˣĵ̣ûнģҲûд

1842 ƻ

ððʧʧĴôҵĵӴĵȥѰͺĵĻ
Ҫҵһж˵ҪҲĻƱҪɳˣ˹ؼʱ̣߳ϸͻȻͷ۲ѣԭΪҼǲѰͺŮټ򵥲ˣû뵽ļѰ졣
ͺĿŮӣʵȴƻһôҲץ
ܶξǵβ͵ģǱһֱǸˡ
ǸߴΡĳǽ߳ϵҲΪѣ˼Ƭ̣߳˵ǲǱǳڴ̽ϢڳĴתת˵ͺŮ˲ûн뵽ĳǳأóȻǰȥŵ˱㲻ˡ
ǡ
ЩҵܿıԸȥ죬ʣµЩҵҲɢѰͺĵ䡣
˵ҲаŶˡ
Ůôųôأ
߳ϵʼˣǵŮߵÿǵǰ棬һֱ׷ͺģһֱûŮѰĿ϶һֱڸǶأʵǳǰʱ͵͵Ƶǵĺ棬ֻǶǵĺ档
ƵƵҲ䡣
߳ⲽȻǸܾش뵽ĳ֮ڣҪҼԸ겻ɣѰͺŮ˵·ô򵥵鶼õĻʱҼĳͷҲ١
Ҽȣ߳ϵܿı˾ȻѡҼ
ǿܻ治ԽҲ֮еİ취ϣѰҵͺŮ˵ɣ߳ҪŮ˸Ƶץˡ
ôţܿ߳ϱڶҵĵĿע֮£̤뵽ĳǳ֮ڣٽȥʱ߳ϻǻͷЩҵӿ˵
ǼĴѰңҵͺģҵͣ
²ֻҪѰҵǳأڵǸѩǳ֮ҲҪѰһ߳üȻҲͺ˲̫ܻصҵĴӪѩڵĹ֮ڣǼȻѩڵģ
ôͺпӵĹ֮ڣҲͬпӵѩĹ֮ڣ˳ȥһܹûдġ
Ȼ߳û뵽ǣǲЩҵĵǰȥѩĹѰͺĵʱȴͻȻҼɳĳϸˡ
ʮ߳ϻȻվЩǰȥѰҵҵǰ˵Ǽ߳ϣֹͣѰ̻صѩǼ
󣡡
ʮ߳ϳϵ̬ʮּЩҵŰı⡣
£ʮ߳ӰѸٵת뿪ЩҵվԭʴӣһЩҵĵǲſķӦѸٵת߳ȥĵط۷˻ȥ
û취ֻܻȥʵĸ߳ˡ
ȻҼµôʲôʣҵֻܷӣ̸ܾܾΪǵ飬ʱܵĳͷҲ޷ܵġ
ǣЩ߰ɣʱ䣡
иʲô¶
ԭΪҵĵΪеģǲ֪ô¶ʱ棬ЩҵĵǸûеõʱһֱæµͱС
ңæµͱ㣬пܻʱ⻻˭˭ܲ˰ɣ
֮ľ벻ԶŽЩҵĵǵĸ·ٶȲʱյѩ֮ǰ»صĳǰ߳ϻˣ
߳ϣ߳ϣ²ˡ
ЩҵĵӵĿڣ߳ϿЩȫҵӸմ㷢
ֱӱЩҵĵ˵˵Ļ¶ˡ
߳ϣʮ߳ǰҪֹͣѰͺλѸٵĻصѩǰ
ЩҵĵǼĿڡ
߳ȴȫɫ
˻
ʲô
ҵĵô˵ʱ߳ϲɵõһǲԾĴ˸ս
Ǻѽ
Ǻð
˵ȥѰͺˣ֮ǰְصġ
ûҵȷʵҪͻȻȥѩⲻ·һ
һ˲䣬߳ϱоԼǴϵ˵ϣ޷׵Ľôʹıʡ

1843 ȥ1

ҵĵȻҲǸǶ߳ϵ£߳ܵҼ𷣵ĻҲûʲôùӳԡ
û취еʮ߳ô˵ģҲֻһһʮظ߳ϣаֵ͸ı䡣
ʣµ·Ҫ߳Լȥˡ
߳ϵȻֻúδüߵ̫ԶĽҲ˻
һ߳ϲſĴԼ֪ϢлعȴԼĲþҵǣ֣ȴε̾˿ȻǼǱӾˣ
㶯̣ȥͼϰɡ
֮⣬Ҽûаѡأ
ǡ
ԣЩҵĵѸٵ߳Ͽ£
һҲҵƬ̵ʱ䣬ټҲĿԣٶȳѩ˹ȥ
ʱѩĳڣҼȴһȻ̧ĿƵؿͺסڵǼջ档
ҼǰջϰСͷسҼķС
ؼĻԸλʱ˿ǵУģСѾλչ˵ĺܺãλʲôԸСǶһ˵ȥа
ջϰС̲סҼǰԼĹϵЦݼıȿͺĵʱӲá
Ҽ˵Ȼģֻ񵭵Ƴһۣû˵㾶ԵĳǿջȥҼʱ̷ŵĵȴǻǰ²ĿջϰСҴӻͳһƱ˵С
֪ǵΪĹףЩӱ͸ǵģֻǼҪҪλûʲôǾͲҪǰˣҲҪջ棬λʧʱ˭ȥð˼ʱǸɲ˭ܳܵġ
ǵҲ׼Ĺصģ
ǣǣǡ
˵ǣ
ջϰСһƱѾ߲·ˣ˵ʲôҲȥˣʶȴǣ˵ʲôǶҪһһĴӦأϵɽ͹ҲҪȫҼ˵Ļȥ
ΪֻŻ֮ӡ
ҵĵҲǺƲջϰСĲԣЩӴ֮Ϳ첽Ҽˡ
ǿջϰСվԭؽζƱϵ۾ðŽ⡣
Ұ
Ҽ
Ĵ;һˣ˷ˣķˣ

ջڡ
ŷ⻺ĽŲĺͻȻɫ
ʱиĺĺһʱ֮ȷʵЩ֡
ʱʼնСջϰСֻϰԵ̬ȺúΪ˺ƣҲȫҲʱžġ
һôʱնû㰲ݵΪͺľǿΣˣڷһһȵĽŲͺĵĶ棬˵㾪ˡ
ʶĴ˱ëҲ
ĽŲǳȡ
ĺǽŲеĶߣĻֻͨѰÿͰˣԶӷ֪Ѱÿ·ӦǺǼٵģ书ǿˣ·ӦǺᲢģǸǽŲôȣôйɡ
ֻ˵һ飬ǾǣڹⷢĽŲڸҪѰҵˣˣҲͬھҪѰҵǸˣΪ书ǿǲ˭ǰֻҪˣʲôСûа취ӵùħƣúʵʵĴţԼܿ࣡
ĺԴЩŵĿǷŵķ򣬺ĸ˵ڣС㣬ҪʲôΣյĻֻܱСС뿪ˣùū澣ūа취
ĬȴǵĵȷȷʶĽϵڻУ˶ǺʲôͻȻ쳣ͬʱ˵ҲϣǵζӰԼģֻǵ·
ϧԽʲô飬Խʲô顣
ͺǵŲǳԼʱԼǽŵķȴͻȻŵ
⡭
ԭջӦֵֺģǲ֪ΪʲôĺŵʱȴֻܺǰޱȣŵҲǸ
⡭
ͺûͺĵĿڴһ㡣

1844 2

ǵĶֻһ
С㣬Ĺﲻ֪ɷ񷽱ϷȥͬλЩҪҪͬλһ¡
ͺĵ˵ʱҼվſڳڣֱ˵ݡ
һСѾ㹻˵˺ܶ顣
书ǿڵ˲ǳͺĹģ˵ҲȻġ
߲ư
ͺĲɵñɫĿԽǴӶԷп˶Է뷨
ǸһҵĴһŵŵġ
ˣǶôãڻӭһ죬ǽҪȫ˱Ҳûôˡ
ջôĹƳ棬ǳ׵ŭңұǲܻѶٵѪʱ侫Ҳ˵ʲôҪͺ˸ץȥˣ
ʶ˶ѾĴڴҪʼʩ֮ǰܵʱЩ׷ŵҵĵӵĲעʱ˳Ŵߡ
룬Ҽܿŷ˼һ㣬Ϣش򿪴һ˲䣬ҼҲ֮˵
С㲻ҪŴӴֻĵط뿪̫Σˡ
ϷѾǲڿһʲô˵С㣬ֻ˵Сĺӣǲ𣿡
˿òĻȻûֱԣл֮ȴǺܴƣڸߵúõĴڷһأʶ̧ٻҪʼʩӴߵĻô;ûôˡ
ҵ˳Թһλ䣬ԲٳԵڶΡ
ҵЩѾͺֶһˣ߳Ϊ̫ãԼ¶ܲòŻô©Ҽôļ߳ȫһεġ
ҪöԸ߳ϵЩֶԸԼĻеġ
ȻҼⷬƵĻʮġ
Ļ֮ʱȴĿⲻĵĿǴվŵЩҵӣվ֮»Ľˡ
ջվôҵĵӣһֻӬҲɲȥˣ
Ψһߵ·ˡ
Ȼˮܲµĵط
֮ǰôһֱƽȹģҺǰʡ
Ƿ˾裬һԼǰȫģʱûע⵽Լû뵽ҵݵͻȻҵԼǰʱͺĲ֪ԼȫȻûмġ
ǰϵ׸һ㣬ûа취ߵģ˼Ѿҵˡ
˺һֻۣεӰ˵ɡ
˼ҽҲа
˿бģ
Ļ¡
֨һű򿪣ҼõݵӰĵǰȻҼѾ˹ϡ֮꣬һ˫۾ȴʮֵľʱ̶ɢĿ⣬ܿһһ㣬ʮ𾴡
Ҽ̤뷿ŵһ˲䣬ϬɨһȦ֮󣬹ȻŻĻǱŸӤʱ򣬱㲻ɵĻŭš
ҼҲǺûεģֱϡ
ĿģΪҲãֱ˵ҲգΪӤĸף綼ǻ֪ġ
ҼҼ˼ǡǰ׼õʱЩʲô嶯飬ʱ˺Ͳˣ
ҼʮĿ⣬ʶڴϣֽԼӰǰ
·˿Ĵڡ
ǰݵ˺ԼֻǶԼ֣ȷʵĿ˺Լĺӡ
һĸ׵ϣ
֪ǰʲô飿
ڣи֪ҵݣȴ֪µݣδǲЩ̫ò
ںҼ˵ʱ񻹲Ծĳδŵķ濴ȥͼǰͷǴ˶
ǽջûпӳ죿
Ҽ˿⣬ηӦֻξٶԼжѲģҲ˰ˣҲȥˡ
˵ɢɢһЩʱ;ʱӺöԸһЩ
ҼϴȻЦݣ˼ĵ˵ͷС˵ǣϷĲԣҽܣǽСѵˡ
ҼͻȻת֣صĳ˵Ϸԡ
һļӦ֪ҵĴڵġ
ΣϷ㲻˷ʱˣ
ҼȦӣһˣ˺ʹ˵ʱصʱ䣬ʹﵽĿġ
̫ȦӣԵЩ׾ӣǻĪĲС
һ˵ҵģֻ˵źԨԴ
ҼƿڣСҵĵ磬ֱҵү°ߣҵƫԺСסСʱ䣬СҲԨԴء
ϷνҲСոճĺӰˡ
ҼЦӯӯģǴȰı飬֪ˣǻᵱΪҼǸܻ˵߳أ
֪СɷϷһһͬҺͣϷԾ֮дһС㡣
ҲǾСҵԵˡ
Ҽ㿪̱ɫʶظŽ
ǰͷ֪ݻ᲻һģû뵽Ȼôͷֱҵļ
Ϊ˱ԸҵĴϵʱôʱ䣬ֻôѪŴԸ
ôܽ޹ʵҴ£Ҽֵǻжôı£
ԼҼǰĿ
һ˲䡣
ֻúӽŵһᱣ侲Ҳ޷ƽˡ
Ǳ˵ɫҼˬʵЦ˳
ǺǺǡ
ǺǺǡ
ϹﲻҪ£ϷǰֻǴųģֻҪϹõϷļͰˣҪ˺Ϲġ

1845 

ϹҲӦ֪ҵĹأϷŵģϷҪϹʲôĻȫûƭϹıҪֱӶ־ͿˣϾ
ҼϳȻ仰˵ʱЩ˵ĻȴʵϾϹλߵŮĹ﾿жôı£ôҵĵǰȴûκεм֮Ҳûκϣ˵𣿡
ҼǱһ˵ķٶʵϻвζ
ǾǣǺȰźӵ͵ġ
ǲϣôҼôӣҲǳصģĲоֻӲġ
ʱͺģȥҲòȥˡ
ȽϱȥĹݺͱЩҵ֮ǿдߵȡ
ʯ֮䣬ܿı˾ѡһ
ҪǵӲҲûκεİ취ĻôӦҼҪһͬȥҿ롣
ҼҰĻû¶֮ǰܵõһʱ׵ģȻֱѺߵɷһĻǱһĺӶûˡ
ӦҼҪ󣬻һʱ䣬ʱ䣬ǲŻ취ĻᣬȻֻܵˣ
С㡣
ԥŵĿѾ˾ֻΪʲôһӦȻ˳ӣһ¶ˣǲܺôɻҪģʲôģһͶѾһ
ĺĵֱοûϵ̫ˡ
ǺǺ^
ǺǺǡ
ȻҼǺʶȤġ
ϾֻʶȤµ˲ŻҪ̸ȥһ֪ôˣ̸鶼ûˣ̸ֺҪһ
ȻСʶġ
Ϸ֪СһǸˣ͵ģҸԲСʧ
ҼεıԼ֮ġ
Ҳ֪ǲĴҼ˵⻰ʱĿҼĿ˸Ľʲôóһ㣬滹ǲûа취ڱӦҼҪ󣬸һͬҡ
뻢ıƤ
ÿһÿһÿһ붼ʮּ尾ġ
˳ӵؽϵţһеҼȥʱҼٶеϣ˿ܻ˵δϲϹ֮ϲ
֪Сүʲô
ܲƺûУϾպܳһʱ䣬ǶҪϦԵġ
ҼǺһĿڣ֮ȴǽΪСүڴԼĿ϶϶Լƺһ㡣
ҼҲǺϣкġ
ȴǿҼǲɫƵʱ򣬵Цҡҡͷ
ҼˣҼףؽȻǻմġ


Ҽüظ֡
صĵ˵ͷûҼĻе˼Ҽеʧһ㣺ԡ

ҸҵŮȡΪ

ҼҲԽҵŮΪĸˣһݡ

^
Ҽ˼ظ֣ҶҲǺ⣬Ȼͬǰ㣬ĺӣҲѪҲҵˡ
ȻкЩϧˣǱһİѪкƺŮҲ
ȻĻôڱԼʱҲû˿ıܻˡ
ֻǡ
ҼĿ⻹һʧġ
ǸŮӤӤŮ֮Ĳһǰ㡣
ŮӤҲܱûкá
ŮӤҲã㹻ˣ
Ҽŵ̾һȽŲĳſջȥ
һվֻЩѹ֣û뵽ϾȻôõĵط
Ҳ֪ЩƽʱôסŵģȻҲסϰߣ
ҼôģҪǱĻһѪġջѾǷԲõĿջˣҼǰȴĲֵһᡣ
ǲడ˺͸˵Ĳࡣ
ȻˣֻǺ󻰡
ɴӦǲСڣҪҼĺӣôܻ𽵹Եջˣ
Ҽӿջ̤㳯ҵլӪߵʱȴͻȻЩҴҸ·ҵӣΪ׵߳ϡ

1846 ޲Ҹطȥ

߳һ۱ǿȺеҼǡ
һ۾ͿҼŵͺġ
˻
ôͼһ
ѹּ˼ԼȥģԭѾҵˣȻѾҵˣôǵȷûĴйˣ
һʱ֮߳ȫסԭأ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǲȥѰҵͺ˵䣬ôõǱѰ޹ȴǱҵˣоʲô飿
ΪͨѰôõ˶׵ҵ
һʱ֮䣬߳ϵҼĳݶ˼֡
ͬʱһǰܵĸǶʱ߳ϵ
ǸӲӡ֤һ
ԺҼǰԴ
һ˲䣬ֻ߳ĿǻģԼϣڳЦԼܡ
Ȼ⻰ʱû˵߳ϵ滹߳ĵġ
߳϶Ŀ⣬վųصĲӣصҼǰѵĿڣǣ
ҼƲûƲ߳һֱۣӴͺȥˣ߳վԭغ޲һطȥ
߳ϡ
ҲǿЩȥɡ
ȻЩҵҲǿҼ߳ϵĮûа취Ҫҵ˶ѾҵˣһǻصҵĴӪҪʱ߳ϲһͬȥĻǻüŭġ
߳ͬĬڶӵӵǰҼ
ҲǺ޲ÿɱصңܿЩҵȵ񣬿ԼҲԼľԻһʵûˡ
һ·ϣҼʮĵͬͺͽڵǵĺãЩҼ߶ЩҵӼҼ鶼̲סŴ㵺;ȡ
Ϲģеҵ֣Ϊ˴ҵֵʱһ˺ܶĲרŵʦЩҵĵӣŽѧ⣬ҵ㡣
СȻǲֻۣһС·˳С·߹ȥĻǻῴһµľǺžãǷ羰ɽˮҲǺǸɢĵĺõط
ѰʱҼȻҲЦӯӯģЦȴֻǼһԼαװ޷۵ЦݣҲ޷̽Ҽ浽Ǹ˻ڷŭЦ
ڶеǸӤʱЩĵҵĵȴظܵҼĸ˺ʹģʲôչĺһ㡣
֡
ʵҼǰջѰҵʱ򣬾кܶĬĬ²⣬ĺӵ˭ġ
Ҽ
뷨̫ˣЩ̫ܣҼĻҼĸˣ
Լĺһ

ԣԼĺӣҼҲûô˵ģϾҼĺӿɲ٣ûһӽʱܵõô٣Ҽǰӭӵġ
˴ɻȴǲʳڣŭҼҼҲ˵Ĳ²⣬һ·Ϻ˵Ц
Ϲһ·˰ɣǹһˣҪźӣ˲ٵί
Сģպ֮ϷȻЩҵĵӺúõչС㣬СС㣬ԲСССκεĿˡ
Ҽƶͬʱǲѩֿ
ϹĿһƬطȫҵǵطԺϹôҵլȻȤĻԳĴй棬ֻǲϹߵģýһЩңʲôⷢǲ˶뿴
ϾĹеǲȣһǲö˵ϹҲǺģҲӦһ·ϸ·ʱۼġ
Ĺڵֹǲô򵥣ӦǷӿǡ
ҶΪȨ׼һ֣ĹеսҲٶ
վǷ־ñغϣϾñط֡
ĹѾô꣬Ҳʱôƽˡ
ǣ֪ˡ
лܵһǵģ
˼ĵ˵ͷҼ˵ÿһ仰ҼһݵˣԲ˵κһϻȻ㿪֣صĶԼܵģôһеҼǵģҲǲ״ġ

1847 û

˵Ĺ˵еĻһһ̾ҵΡ׳֮ơ
ѾҵĵƷΧ֮ڡ
Ѿ˺ܶ棬úܶೡڼҵʱǲɵ𺳣ȻеľȻ㵣̲סƲס
ȵʱ˵ҵ飬һ˽ĹоȻôһĴڡ
ֻǸʱ˵һĶǷڱϣἰҲҵĴϵҪһ㣬Ĳûϸ˵
ҵĸ֪ͣңµһ壬һĵ̺ͲƸ
ȴû뵽ҵǮȻɵйĸֲ˵ģǵžԵʵġ
ȥۿĹΡ
ǵõ빬ʱ㳯ǰ㸻Ѿµһˣû뵽ڸµҵǰȣĻʹҵļլȲϣֱһһ£һεġ
Ҳǵ߸ԼǮʵ֪ˡ
Ȼ
˵ҰǻԼļʶġ
֮ǰԼǸûϢʱ˼벻ҪԱůܱ˵ô򵥡
ϼҼص֮ҪֵϼҼĻģվȽŸ͵˳֮ŵıҪΪƴǵͷãΪʵĻʺ
ֱڡ
뷨ֿʼϢķ˸ıˡ
Ұĺá
˻һҪҰĵġ
ҰĶûˣô̸ȥΪԼĿĻȥķܶ
Ҽɫؽб鿴ǲԾ΢΢һĨȣϢıе뷨⣬ҲûаǾú⡣
̰һ˫нȿ԰ҼԼҪɵ飬Ҳͬ˵һ
Ϊ̰ģԱǻûнԼĴ˵ڣҼʮƶԼҪѵɹ˾Ųʮˡ
Ϊǲܾġ
ܾһŮƽƣ֦ͷ˵Ļᡣ
Ҽϲıǿе˶ǰԼļƻţԼõ·ȥߵģ
ϹסԺһ˴һЩ̷ߵūͣæһչС㣬㻹ʲôҪĻ㾡ܿڣһȫ˼ȥ졣
˵ĹҼѾǰ׼õķ֮⡣
ȻҼȥ֮ǰҼѾƶһԼصҵģԲŻ䶼ǰ׼ã
Ҽ뿪֮ʱȴͻȻڽסҼ
ûʲôĻϷлȥˡ
Сһ·ϱҲҪúõϢһʱʱ䣬Ϸ㲻Сˡ˵ЩҼҪߡ
һ¼Ҫһʼ
ӰͻȻǰĿ⸴ӵĿҼվǽԥ˵óڣղͬҼ̸ʱ䣬֪Ҽ֮ˡ
ҼҲԸˬģǼȻѾڵңôҼ浽δģҼֱԣҲý׼ǸҲϢ
ûԼ˵ʱҪҼȦӣת뻹ˡ
ҼǸʲô˾ȦֻзУ֮ҲûκεЧˣֱ˵ĺҼ˵Լٵ뷨ǣҼзж档
ȻֱԲ䣬ǽҼٶ͡
µҵӣҼüЩµҵĵǱ׷׻سҼ˹ϹǻҪȥȲλˡ
һҵѸٵ¡
ֻҼˡ
ʱҧŴĿȥһĿҼǼкδ㻹ֱԲ棬Ҳý׼
ҼһǶƼ˵ģҪǻҼôóȻıһİ˸ؼңҲ޷İõڱ˵ļˣ
ǺǺǡ
ҼˬʵЦЦ
ҲûҪֻһʵĻٺԣû뵽Ȼ
ֱˬĺ˵ԼļƻҲûʲôס
Ҽ˼תתǽȨԼУĿĵĿڴϹҲǲԡ

1848 ˭ĺӣ

ϷϹҲҪҪϹģ෴ϷǺܳĵҪϹ
ԭϷҲֻҪҵʵĻٺϹ˵һеģȻϹļڣôںϹ˵Ҳûʲô
Ҽ˫εע֮£ǺʹĵͷֻҼϻǴżֳɵģڸϹϷеĴ֮ǰһ⻹һϹ
˻
Ȼ
Ȼûô򵥵ġ
ҼĻ֮ʱ治ɵÿһŴ˼Ƭ֮㳯Ҽڣʡ
֪С㵽˭ĹѪ
ģǷģ
ҼüֱԲ䣬ҲûкȦӡ
Ūӵĸ˭
ҵǲ涼֪˭Ļ̫ԩˣ
ǲҼ̵ġ
û뵽ҼһϬ⡣
һ˲ϵıǲǻЩɵģžҪҪ˵ʵ
ʵҼ˼֪Ҫʲô²뷨㲻֪Ҫʲô
֪ȥʱҼѵϹϷֱ֮˵ʳҲ޷Ҫʵˣ
ϹһҪ˻شĪҪʲôƭϷ򡣡
Ϸ֮ôѯʣ֪׶ѣС㵽ǷĺӻĺӣҵѪҲıϷκε뷨ͼƻ
ϹʱϷĻ鲢ûôˣΪϷһǲϲƭ
ҼӲʩΣ֮£˫峺еҲǼᶨģüᶨ
⺢ġ
ûжҼ˵ѻ
ȴҼǰ˵֮⣬ҪǣҼɲ߳ôúŪҪҪóȻ˵ѣҼᷳǿɾʹ²ˡ
ǵɶǱҼˣԲûˡ
ΪǹҼҵŲ˵ӦҼ
ʹĿ⡣
˵ЩȴĵȷȷҼʧˣҼһʧĴһˡ
汧ϣµĺǸӤϧȴǸŮӡ
ǸŮӣҼҲĹ⣬ϾǸ磬ҵͽ˵ͷôõҴүĹҪ̫ˡ
ֻϧ

Ǵﵽһ񶨵Ļش
ĹѪֻǿҵˣҲǲеҰɣܹ鲻˵Ѫҵˡ
Ҳá
Ҽ˼ĵ˵ͷ˯ֻĪħһ㣬ȻԼһĨĵط˯ģҼ澹ȻҲúǻϲ
Сӵħɡ
Щˣĵİ࣬ҪԵøɾʹ⣬ǻ˵һ֮ġ
ҼѾԼҪʵʳҼҲʵĻش
ֵʼҼˣҪĻôǴͬȵĵλ㲻кˣǽв
ĿضҼϣҴҼκεı飬ͬʱǳƬ̣֣صĽԼɻҼ˳ҲһҪش𡣡
˵ɡ
֪ôһ㣬Ҽϲû̫ı飬ֻǵüԼҪ˵Ļ֣صĳҼ˵
˴µĽǸĵϣֻǼƿǹ¶ĸǿҪô򵥡
ӦҪġ
üĽȷкܶҪҼǰ֤һ浹ǲʾѾƶĻشģ
Ӧǳġ
ܵʲôҪ飬룬ΪĸӦ֪ȨģҼڷʱʵ档
Ҳý׼ڽʱᱻ˸ֲ
Ҫ󲢲̣Ҳ֮еġ
ΪĸףȨ֪֮ҪʲôģȨ֪Ҽδ㴦Ůġ
򡭡
ԶҪСһĸڱԼӵ

1849 һݣ

ȻԼ˵ʱҼϲû̫ĲıҲûУֻ΢üش⡣
ʵңҲ޷Ҫһݰˡ
ҵѪ㲻ط
ҼϣҲݰɣң⣬ϷϣĹ⣬֪ϹɷϷ⻰ʲô˼
ҼͬĿƵĶϣ⻰˵Ѿˣ֪Ĺ⣬ȴҪ˵Ѫһ˵Ҫһݣô
Ҽ˼ͺˡ
ҪǸѾȥ˵λãΪΪҵĽӰˣ

ԡ
ӰЩ̫ˣ
ӦΪϣΪӰ˵ѡ
ʣµģû룬ǼûнǸ뷨˵ȴѾ˺صĻˣǾòš
ŶѽڿʼúõĸһıµʱҲҪʮһ󣬻Ҫʣ÷ܿΡ
ֻһСƨˣʲôҪ飿
Ҽȴôȷ˵ˣҪһݣһѪһݣҼ浽Ǵʲô̡
ʣµЩ飬㲻ȥˡ
ֻҪǵһ㣬ǾϷĶͬһ㡣
Ҽϵľᣬ˵Ǿǣںúõĸ
õĻõԴɾͣҲǲϹΪĸһġ
Уҵ峤ҵء
ĬûнҼĻ羪κһ㡣
Ҽ˵ЩϢʵ̫ˣҪһʱȥúõڤ˼뷽ܽЩϢͼƻȥ
޷ϵһǣǾҼ˵һ仰
ҼıʲôԼ֮ΨһĹͬҪúõҲҪɾ͡
ܰɣҼҪԼҵĵλֻҪƺҵĳһλˣǲôֻҪһգôҼȻǻչһգҲǻΪΪصСС㡣
һּɵġ
ΪԼչĻǵӽĺ࣬ʱʱ׷ʱܻ׷;зһЩʣӶΣա
ȫͬˡ
ǲѾĻؽңظ𣬶ҸеһУҼȴҵǵǰһ֣صԼǰ֤Ҫһݣʡȥܶ鷳¶
ˣûʲôҪˡ
ͺĹէȺúϢɣʲôʱԸߵЩȥͿˣϷ򡣡
æܶ඼ҪҼΪ
Ѿϵôõʱ䣬ҲʱȥһˣʣµЩǼƤС£ԼȥͿˡ
£Ҽת뿪ȥһۣҼ뿪ʱ򣬴ŵĺĴҴҵĳڣСô
Ǹҵļô˵ΪССɣ
źһֱҵЩӿع˷棬Ҳ֪Ҽǽ̸ʲôˣҼˣҵĵҲɢȥˣڿԵʸˣ
һջԼƮԶ˼źʾЦЦҡҡͷû
ûʲôΪˡ
ңģδһκܳʱ䶼ҪҴˡ
ʲʲô
˵Щ֮󣬺ĺʲô˲õЩĿİͰͰɡ
ҪҴţ
δܳһʱ䣿
Сôˣ
ת
ǰµҵЩ˷ϵ츳ĸȨʱΪƵģΪ˴ﵽЩɸ˵ܶƷ
ӶȻҪңңǺܳһʱ䡭
ⲻǴѾҪݣҪ
ĲɵͷһҪˣʲô˼
ѵС㲻뿪𣿡
֪ɻʹ㵣ڽ͵ǸνҼ֮ԻЩһ·׷ǣΪĲ


1850 ĺ

ظ˵ĻԽˣʼЩ˵Щʲô˼ˣ
ҪδһʱңѾǹúĽˣԺ˵ǸҼΪС㡣
СʲôŸճ
˶֪СĴڣǸҵļΪҪ׷С㲻ţ
ԱԸǼʶթ˵ģҲҪٶȱȺĿ˺ܶࡣ
ǼͬңҲҪȨƵİɡ
üĽ˵ʱмָпΪάƽ⣬õĵơ
ƶĿڣΪҵĵλһ֪ģͻȻӶûУû˺Ҳǰװ׵˷Щǰ׷ЩԴЩ
ǰװ׵ı˺վڶЩ֣һҼǼ䲻ģֵֻµƾеˣҼ֮λҵĵλܺµһҶôѲŽһҶҪȡ֮뷨
ʱҼ㲻󣬷뵽һΣյУҼҲδѰɣŻ뵽ݣΪܶ˶֪˭ġ
ֻ֪֮ǰƫԶСס˺ܳһʱ䣬һǲū̷ߣôҼ˵ĺӣҲûж˻ᷴԵģû˻ɣһرĽڡ
ҲΪˣ¼ҼۣҼǶȻ̬ȶԴġ
ģһңΪҼĺӣ
ǽжο˼ҵĵϣҺͺ˵̫ĻҪǲú֪һЩĻҲǻúġ
ԣֻǼ򵥵˵ô仰
ҪĺӣôǻȥҲǾԲҵЩ츳ΪƵĹߣڵһ
˭ĺӣҪҼĺӣΪĺӣôȫһˡ
ңƹƳĹߣһҵõܺõչ˺Դڡ
ƹƳ츳úõĸСĵԵıֳһ㣬ҼһϣȴܽԼ츳¶δⱻҼϡ
Сǡ
ĵԽԽСվԭأЩԼĶһ˵Ļ
Ϣʵ̫ˣ
ʲôʲô
Ҳ֪ЩʶԺ˵Ƕʱ֮ԽܵģҲǿȺܴǶתü˼һҸȥĸĸЩӣǲΪƵ׽⣬ں㡭
ҪȥĻȥҲУҪߡ
գҪȲѣҲǲ뻢ıƤʱȫΣգû취飬ǺĲһ
ǰԼսʱǺϣԼߵģʱƣȴҪֺˡ
ĸԼֻ޾գԺ˵Լ˽ˡ
ôһ˲䣬ҪֺȥԼģ
ǲ룬Ļδ˵꣬ıǱٿǰԼǰĺĸˣС㣬ū澸ôʱ䣬ūʲôѵ֪𣿡
ūôܻôҪʱһ뿪أ
Ҫ֪Ҹ֣ú뿪Щܵģ֪ҴΣգı˵ʲôʱȥֻһ뿪ˡ
Ҳʱס˻ۿ΢죬źĵ֣˲δ˵Ǳ˴֮ȴѾ˶Է
ģлл㣡
лҪԺ˵ģһ·ôļҪкʼղ벻Լߣͼֲȥˣܵʲôʱ򣬺Ķһ꣬Զǡ
ɿĵЦЦС㣬ͻȻū澷ǲӦˡ
Ǽ֮֮ɡ
Ѿطʱ֮Ҳû·ˣúûȥҪ飡
ūȽССʰһ£ٿȱʲôҲס֮ǰһѵǮܲڽίǰɣ

1851һصɴ

ڵҲֻܸˣӵѹ
ĵĻЦЦźĵһͬʰ
ܿ죬˱źϤҵĻͬʱ֮ܶҥԣҲǶʱ֮ĸŮ˳ΪһصĴڡ
ҵݣȴҼǰóȻǰֻץӸεԼϹ£ȴǵòӦ
߳ǻͷ
кܶҪ֪ĸŮݣϧȴѰ޹߳ϵˣκ߳ϵҲǱһЩǰѯʵ߳ϲûᣬЩ˸˳ȥ
һʱ֮֮ڵЩ΢

ʹ
ֻƴѾǵһˣȽ֮ǰֻƴЩᳵ·ڼ򵥵ĺ͹˵֮󣬱㲻ù˴죬ֻѾԼһͬ޵ˡ
ǻʺģǻʺ˵ˣҿֱ˵˵
ֻﵽĹǰ㾶ԶЩصĹŮ˵ЩصĹŮǵȷֻ֪Ž飬ķԸǰҲû̷С
̫ǻʺѾ˵ˣū澹ūȥǻʺ
ǿصĹŮʹ죬˵ֱֻǰȥ޹棬޹ǻ㱨ֻʱֹסϲ
콫̫
ˣȥӭӰɣ
˵ڣԼԼŲǰͲסĳ޵ߡ
δֻﵽ޵棬ֱ˹£ӭֻ
ˣһΪأ
˵ʱ̲סƲ죬ںֻıԹţлżֽ˵Ҫ빬˵˵𣿡
ۼǴʱҲˣһҪǵָ֮˭ȥ˵أ
þöû
ƽʱЩΨΨŵŵֻǰǴ˻ϻһ㣬Ǹ˺ͼֻ˵һԵ˵˺ܶ࣬Եķվֻߵˡ
ֻੲݵģЦˣǸ㣬ֻϾҪΪӵˣʱ̶ߴ㣬ǻᵢ飡
ƣⲻǹ𣡡
⻹ֻ࣡Լ˵Ե˺ܶࡣ
ǡ
ֻ˺ü仰֮ע⵽һΣֻ빬ʱǴ˵ģվߵǸˡ
ɵ񣬿ֻߵЩ󲻶⵽ĸ׻˵Ǹ
ֻϴЦݣͬ͵ʺ֮ǰ˵ҵô
ǲǳú񣿡
ĺ񡣡
ɵĵ˵ͷֹסЦ;ϲǴĴһ㣬ֹסϴͬʱֶֻ˵⣬֮ǰ˵ǸǺԵֵ»ʺ󡣡
ǵֻĸ첲Цӯӯĳ￪ڣȻǻôҲҵ㲻Ҹһƺɣ
ƶ˺ܶĿ࣬ԣһ֮֮ϵĻʺȴҲû̫ļӣ
棬ȫֻ˿˵µѡ
Űݼڵ뷨ֻҲǾʮֵ׽
Ȼ⣬ǻʺﲻ񸾲ǡȻϵЦⲻģڿʱĿлһĨݼŵʧ
ʵʱҵлģôǣϲԵ޹ˣ֮»ʺͻòôƣΪпܾԼ㣬ҲǻĸףʧôһЩ飬ɥʧ˼䣬ͷһµݡ
ڿ֮Ҳ㳹׵ĻˣĲǣֻǺ𳤵úˣȴûаϵġ
ﲻۼؽԼʧѹȥͬЦӯӯĿ
ֻĸ첲Ҫ޵ߡ
վ˵ˣ֪ĻΪҿء
޵ǺŲ裬һЩ㣬ٺúõɣ
ٺϡ
Ŀһԣ̷ŰٺϵϣڷԸȥһЩϺõĸ㣬úõдҵЩܵˡ
ǡ
ʺūȥʺ̫ԼλԵƬ̡
ū

1852 Ϥװ

ֻӰһͬ޵棬ʧ֮԰ݷû̫ȤˣϾҪҵˣôټȥҲ˷ʱˡ
ˣóȻ뿪Ļδ̫òҲǻֻεĳϣûп˵Ҫ뿪Ȼĸֻ뵽޵ʱȴǶ޵Щװθ嵽ˣ޵Ĳá
Ϥ
ļһ㡣
Ƭ̵Ĺ޵Ĳñע
ΪģΪ޵ĲãŵʱĹ뷿
ȻǲᲢ۵ģһֻڽŮСС뷿һɺΰĻʹδʺ޵
ǣֻǿǵװΣﻹһ۾ϳˣǷ֮ǰڵĹ뷿ģ
޵಼ܶȫ͵Ĺ뷿һ
Ĺ뷿õģ
һ˲ʮ𾪵ġ
Ĳ²ȷûдһµʱֻҪֻƴǽеĿ궼ڻʹͿˡ
Ȼȵ黹ֹװΣѣδҪŵ׼ҲĴʹ˫ۡ
׼ӡ
ǰԼ׼ļģ
ǵú߳ĻϲģӭȢŵģ׼˼¡
һһģʽҲϲʽ˭ֻ֪ǿյһûеӭȢŵǵ֪ʧȥϢ
׼Ҳǲ֪ʲôطû뵽»ʺҪŵļȻǰյǸ·ƶɵġ
ЩɫĽеķĬĬؼһʵĻֻ˵ڡ
ͬʱڿʱҲǷԥ
׼ȷһ˵

ǿɱ
ãͱԼİ˿һڵζ
治һ׳ܵˡ
һ㣬ᡣ
ǱϼҼĥôֻ꣬ϵģҪĴ
ڡ
ǵǸܿܣУҲǰź͵ͬĽɫƫƫʱΪ˵ȴʲô˵
·ԼߵģֻԼֶ֮󣬲Żĵ쳣򡭡ڶǰԵģǾｫ˵
ҲǾԲġ
䣬ʱҲǺİ˻¡
֪𣿡
Դϴ㰲ο֮ҾҵöˣҲûǰǰѹˣ˸ɲ١
£ڼʼķ䣬ҵҲֻʣϲˣ
ɫ糺죬һֻʱ̲סֻ֣˵Ļһ㣬żֻ¡
ó
ɫ糺죬˵ľҲǷǳĺãǵĵȷȷĽֻ˵Ļˡ
״̬˺ֻܶ࣬ҲŻοԵ־һԵ飬Ȼ֮ǰû̫ĽǼȻֳһģһôһɻԵ֡
οǶֻ˵Ҳһֵø˵飬룬ֻ˵ʱȴǴǰ̽ŵĳڡ
ʺϱҪͻϾг״ˣֻ񸾿ϲⲻ֪Ƶ𣿡
ʲôУ
ŲѰʺʱļأ
ʺһ֮ĸݹظһ֮һ֮֮ϵݡ
Ůˣʺ֣µģһʺļҲϸҪġ
һ˵Ļʺ󼪷ǴͬС죬޲ǻ֡
ء
ʵҲûпһʺŵļʲôӣֻΪ֮ǰļӣŴŵӵĲ²⡣
ϣ֮ҲǽüĿɻ󣺡ǣ׼׼ģǻҳﱸġ
ΪʲôʺļҲ̫
ԼޱĶ˵˳ΪֻǸˡ
ֻˣôҲȻǸˣǰҪԼҪ
ͬʱ˵ʱϸǲһĨ۵ЦݣŲ²⣬ܣΪҪһһĻɡ
˷䶼ֻڲһ»ʺˡ

1853 еŮΪ

֮ԸԼһͬѰ޷ҪԼһͬĻ񣬻ԼһֱһĴڰɡ
ôҲԽʱŨѾ׵ˣǵϲҶʱǳһƬһƬġ
еŮ˾ǻԼ̱ɸ
ڵһܺõ֤ΪϲģҪģ˼֮£ʲô涼ܸԼҵһõĻѵĽڡ
ԼΪԼãڰԼı֡
ԽôţԽԼĺĨһ
ڶİĽʱûвʵһԵֻȴһӱʵڡ
Ǽġ
˵ֻע⵽׼ŵļ£ȷǻʺеļ£еġ
ǡ
ŮӼ׵ǰϦԼԼƳļ¡
õһʺķôˣĿ֮£Ϊμ»ʣ
ģǺӰ
ϧŵҸЦݡ
ֻȴֻеɻ󣬲ֱӵʳ
Ѻ֮ʣǸ²˸ţǺĸϵġ
ȻķӦ
ֻ˭˵ʱƻĸˣжԸþ뱯˺ѹ֮С
໥һ۶˸תƵĻ⡣
ԭ񸾼ʶǳˣʺˣٰãĵķݹغ㡣
Ҳ¼еŮӣġ
ͻȻЦӯӯĳڡ
֪ʺɷ޵úõĲιһ¿ɺ𣿣
޵ȻҲװεĺܺãܾòʺ޵סġ
ʺǿ֮ǻȥʱҲû޵װβһ£֪ʺ鲻⣿
Ǵ󷽵ͷӦֱӴֻԼ޵ιۣЩʱװεʱ򻹻ֻͣ򵥵ĽܣߵҵʱͻȻסŲĿ⿴бŵܣĿɻ
Ѱ˼ҵܶģΪҪбŵģϰڷŵ鼮Ǳ˾һ㡣
תüĿʺرϲ𣿡
ôһڵǽ΢΢񣬺ܿ죬ǴЦϲ飿
СʱãܻѾҵˣȥöˣܻװҲȫǻѡ׼ģЩӦǻϲİɡ
˵⻰ʱʵҲǿʼ˼ֵģ˵ҲǾЩԾס޵ѾܾõʱˣҲҹҹĶ޵棬ȴûпȥ޵κζ
ÿһֻǺ֮ܵ󣬱ȥϵЩ飬˹ֻǰ˳˵ĿЩŵܡȴûж˵̫ࡣ
Ϊ񷱶࣬ԣûʱȥЩɡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ոյǻûãδţȴҪﱸԼĻ£ΪܸԼһʢĻѾüҹԼˡ
Ǳ²ԼʲôֻһһڵȴųΪȴҪĶ룬ʵ̫Բһˡ
ջԼ񣺡ǻȥĵط޵ö಼ҶúȤء
֪ôģȻôװΣƱҲǸЩۻأҲҲһܺµ飬Ը⽫Լµᵽϣſת˻⡣
֮ԻôѯʣҪģҪҵ𰸰ˣѾõԼҪĽҪתƻҲתˡ
áشʹ졣
ָֻĴڹתתʱѾƶˣ޵İװڵģһǰأҵЩĻأ˵쳣ķ֡
ͷǿңҪѣҪֱĴѰҡ
ˣҲлͬ˵ټˣֻһʾȻֻĵ˵ͷЦĳ˵ʺҲкһʱˡ

1854 ޵ĲԾ

ʱ䲻ˣʱûȥˡ
ҲúϢɡ
յ߶ˡ
أ
ֻ˵Ҫߣٶ˲ı飬æĿ˵Ǵأ
ң֪жˡ
ҰͲ춼ء
ʱȷǲˣЩ᲻ãֻ뿪ȴҲֻܺǸ𣬲ȻһʱҪˡ
ұ㲻ˡ
·СģҪлĻٹң
ǿԼ
˲̫̰ġ
ֻԼѾǺܺõˣԼôܻҪǿнֻһֱԼҲ˱˴ݶ顣
ڣϣΨһ飬Ǿǣֻæʱ˵˵ѾǺܺõˣ
Ȫˮ˵ĶУֻΪű飬Ҳû˼ϵľ֮ŲҴҵ̤˻ʺ޵
ţˣֻ˵Ļᡣ
ôˣ
ո޵ʲôķ𣿡ʵֻҲżģϾǹغԼ˺ܾöû䣬Ҳ֪﾿ΣΪҲźŨĲ

Ҳˡ
ֻǿԼҲҲ޷ˡ
ֻȵע֮£֣صĵ˵ͷǡ
ոڻʺ޵ֺܶණǴǰ֮ڣĸ׵Ĺ뷿İһģһҺȷ
˶꣬ļǺõġ
ڵܼǵ
ĽһԶˣСȻ˫Ըȴر
ǸﲻģķװҲһһϲõġ
ʱﻹϷУʱ򾿾ʲô˲Żۣ
䶼ҪڲͬǸѡ˾Ҫصʲôطû뵽ֻһϷԣȻĳ档
˵ȷǷǱѰģ޷׳ܵġ
ջػź񣬼ֻ˵
ң׼£ҲǵĸҪ޸Ǹĵ˵ʱַƵġ
ڣҿԺƶ˵һˡ
ϵıأ˵ĻֻҲ˲ס
Ǹƭĸ׵ˣܾܿĻϣǸע֮£ֻҲƶ˵ĻҲͷ
ǿǣǾһǣǸǸĺˣ

һϢһϢֻģҪ̬õĻֻʱ˿Ѿˣ
走
Ǹףƭ׵ˣȻǸģ
˲òຣˮɶ
Ҫǲ֪ʱֻǸǸѡ
Ͼô˶ݵŮ˳Ϊʺ󣬿ȴ̬ȼ˵ʲôҲãңʮģȫĵߣϲϲĳΪӣ
һŮ˵ֱԸ⻨Ⱳӵȥһѡ˭뵽ǸθʮȻ
ȻǵǸƭĸ׵ĸǸ˵
ϣҪ빬
Ѿ һ㣬һΣҲûκס˼ˣ
Ҫ빬ԴѰ䡣
ۼŵЩ齥ˮ棬һΣ˵ʲôԸٴˣ
ϼᶨı飬˵ʱᶨֻ֪Ȱ˵ˣת룬书ǿһṦ뻯
ǷĹеĸ֣Ҳδػץס
Ҫ۵ֻҪһİΣҪܺѰҵٶȵĻûмΪѵأοֻǱ뵽޵ȥѰĸ׵䣬ӦǲʲôΣذɣ
˼Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ֻҲ˾һᶨֻҲǾȻá
ۼѰĸô꣬òϢҪǲûֱӴĸ׵·Ļ³µıʣʱǸʲôԾĵطĻĸ׸תƵĵطҲǰװ˷ѽһˣ
һҪ磬ǲĻǡĸŮֻдˡ
ֻɲźһֱ±ӡ
ǡ

1855 ҹ̽ʹ1

ûʲôܰأ
ֻŽĿš
빬Ļֻǲеģ书
Ǵһͬ빬ĻһΪۣʱ򲻵æﲻǻ鷳
Ȼ벻˹ôֻķİ취ѰԼĸףܳıһҪܲܰװ׵ĿԼһգĻҲֻ޷İõġ
á
ֻǰʱȴ̬ȼҡҡͷ
˷빬ҲҪȥ鿴һµ׽ǲڹ档
ʲôðӦúƴ׼ķֽڻʹĻôǱҪʼʵʩļƻǸʱƴǳʱ򡣡
Ҳá
ֻͬˡ
˷ֹȷֻҲǹԹԵķԸȥ
˵ĹѾӻʹ»صվԼķǰ㳯ֻ˵ȻȥúõϢһ£ҲҪȥ׼ˡ
ֻ˵ͷ
˱㲻ٶԣȥҪ飡
վ˿ѰİɣʵǵȴЩڴڵĵ
ͷһй飬ڵʱĪѹ֣ҲǻĪĹ¼ŵĸо
ҹ˾ʱ򣬺ܶ˶ϲüչż˼
ǽܶ˵涼źҹŨģīɫһĺҹȻõϣīɫĺҹڻҲǲʲô鶼Ƿܶࡣ
˽ĵȴ֮ʱ
ӰȷֱվңӰĿĵȫһģҪȥĵط
ǻʹ
ӰҲǱˣϼҼ
ȵʱҪֻǱʹҿû䣬ֻǸʱǱ겻ɢϼҼ׷ˣڿɵá
ϼҼԼҲҪǻʹУʵ˽ġ
ӰѸٵںзɱþȫΪΪǣҵѰҲڸ·ʱרģڲûע⵽˴˶ԷĴڣ
ͬʱվ֮ڣǵҲֻһ
ѾȥǸĹƳ涾ҩֻӲ˶õʱˣҪиۣϾ˲ǻ¶ܿװ
˾һ㡣
һϵֻû֮ǰǰ㣬ҹ֮ĴԼķϢȴ˯͵͵ƳһƴǵĶƴǲڴ档ֻ㲻ɫŵشӴСĴ˷š
ֻƴǲ֪Ĺ͵͵ܵ˷⣬°ԼļƻУͬʱҲǱϹȻڷȺ
Ϲ֪֧ȥʲôط
ֻװµǰǰᣬ˵ʱ΢΢Щ̧ߣܼӵЩ
ֻĿⲻźۼĿڣ£ɫЩƣҾЩϲҪ˵˵˯𣿡
ֻһӷק˳ûأ
ôˣ
ĵ˲¸ԿţЦӯӯؽֻӭӽķ֮ڣеֻ˱裬ֻƴǵµķǰϵʱ
ڳȰһӰϢĳ֣ȻǸصĺʼնڰ۲Ϲ¡
֮ǰϹ³ٳΪǸصĺҲвһֱڼͣûжϹ˷ƼҲ㲻òע
һҪ»ûֻܸ˶ҩĻô±㵱ǹˣصĺҲҪٸʲôᣬֱӶ֣µûõķˡ
ΪõĻᡣ
ϼҼѾ֧ȥˡ
վֻʣƴǺϹ
صĺ֪ϹҲǱ¹֧Ӧվ֮ĴתתȻȤǻȥƴ˵Ͼ˲ǸΪģİĹΨһʶˡ
ϹҪҪ˵ҲǻὫƴǿɵһѡġ
һ˵
Ϲûȥƴʱ䣬صĺҲǲѩ̫Ӻ̫ǰȺ
ƴԼһ˰ĴԼķҲͰˣƴǲʶ̧ٵĳĻôصĺǾԲӲܵģһʱ֮վЩ
иĪӿŲķ粨⣬Σš
ºֻͺȫ֪ıһ㡣˵лһڱҹ̸һhֻͬһ֮ԼʱֻԼļƻʼж

ֻżžĺҹͻȻ˼ʹĽվԭѾϨ˲

1856 ҹ̽ʹ2

ЩĹâһ˲񽫺ҹ˰һ㡣
סվ˶ǷǸģҵ涼ں澿Ƿʲô飬Ż˷ʹĽ
Ǹ澿˭飬ǲд̿ͣ
Ҫд̿͵Ļǻвվˡ
Ϲո̤뵽ţƴЩɻ󣬲֪ΪʲôϹʱԼķ⡣
ҪɻʱȴͻȻֻĲҽ
˲ǲҽ˭ǴӺηģ
ǺֻʮϤƴȴһӱֱˡ
ˡ
á
ܻˡ
ϹƴţҲ˲Ȼ֪һϻûжʾֱӸƴǵߣ˴ҴҵĳԴҲµķ˹ȥ

ǳʲôˣ
ƴǿɫҰף̱ڵϵֻпһһֲõԤС
һԵѾڵ˵վԭأ˫ˮҡͷԡԲ𡭡
ҲǹģĲǹġ
㣬ϣԲ𡣡
״ε˵ŶԲƴǺϹҲԽĽ
ͬʱѾۼ˲ٵΧŵǷʲôϹֻǰЩܿƣЩ⣺µô£
ʲô飿
ôˣ
ϹЩǰŵˣЩ֪롣
ͬģƴǸʲôû˵ֱӽֻӵϴᱧ·еĴϣͬʱƴǵҲǷµϡ
ƴǵɫ
ʱЩ˵ģ
ֻͷãֻҪһ죬û˺ֻֻ֣ҲУ
ƴ֪ºϹģƴǵҲڽ߾ܵŰ취ҪæϹ⣬ǣԼΪԼ뵽İ취Ҫֻֻ֣ܵ˺˻
ô
£ֻҲС
Ϲ飬ƴҲͬĴ
Ƭ̵Ĺƴ˫ǲɺѪ˿Ŀ£޲Ҫ¸̻һ
ϹɵýŵʿˮǱƴģŵˡ
̼ǵã֮ǰһƴǵҲֹʧ̬ı顣
ǸʱɳǵʱʱǷб̣ɳǣʹ˼թֶΣɳǵĳǳ֮ڡ
ۼűҪվȫûʱƴһһӲĴҧٵжɱΧ
ƴϵƴƣҲģǶһЩĥƴǵٶȳֱ飬Ϲ浱һֲõԤУҲǸִ֪Уץʹµĸ첲Ŀ˵
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Բ𣬶ҵĴҺ˽㡣
ǴҰɣɱҰɣ
ҲǱεģҲûа취ģ
ҵĴ²û˵飬ֻģɵ˵һĻȻƴǺϹĵȴ˱ɫ
˻
ʲô
Ϲʶĵһ鷢չĳ̶ȣȻûֱ˵ֻˣϹȴǲѲ³¿Ƕֻʲô
Ӧǡֻ˺֣˶ˣ
Ȼǻȥ˽飡
ϹһԼ涼黹Ƿ˼ʵǰǰݲϹκεı⡣
ˡ
ƴۼžҪȥʵʩƻõ񣬿˭뵽ôؼʱȻŪ飬¿ô죿
ڴʹ಻ֻɫɱƴǡ
£㡭
Ϳ
Ϲֻʹ޷
Ȼڣȴ׷˭εʱ򣬼ʶĶϹʱ䶼ûУֻʹ˵Ϳ֮󣬱ߵļһһ嵽ƴǵǰֱӶ˵ǽƴǸסˡ
ƴǣƴǣȱ𼤶
ôԼѵĿԵģ
ᣬǹģ
Ϲ˲ôˣҪĶһ㣬ֱƴһǻ°νֱҪµҲ޿ɺǵģ
дҪǻʲôΣһ¸
ڣҪҴ򿴿ôˣûоȣ

1857 ɱ

ϹĿƴȴ˵ţƴһƲסԼֱֱ̧㳣׼µĲʱ򣬵²ԭֻ
ͬʱڴϣֻҲƴǵý
ƺˣҪװһ㣬Ǹһֱڱصĺ˷ֲϷǣû뵽δƭǸصĺˣȴƴǵ㼤
ۼƴǺܿһ㣬еŭµϣֻһãǳʹ֮ĵĽһƴǵ֣ƴǡ
һ΢ƴǴֻĿкʮ壬ϹôĲԵȰ˵ȺõĶˡ
Ȼۼ˫ɺƴǣֻһкʱɺ콥ȥ˲ǵֻߣ۹еĿֻôˣ
Ĳ
ƴеĹĴʹֻ۾ֻһ
ֻûа취ƴ˵̫࣬ûа취ƴǽµļƻƴǵʱǺ£Լһеƴǣƴǻ᲻ͬԼա
ƴûаķӦĻôܻƭǸصĺˣ
ΪظõĿģҲΪܽǸˣе˶ûк֮ǣֻŻѡˮһսķʽ
ֻû뵽ǣƴǵķӦҪԶԶԤ֮С

ԶԶԼԤϵĻҪǧٱ
֮£ֻȻûа취ƴǽ̫࣬ȴҲֻܽƴǵ֣˵ʲôҲȥҪµ
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𡭡뿪ҡ
ֻƴǵȴ쳣Ҳƴֻʱ򣬸ûſֻ֣ԣۼֻǰʹ࣬ƴҲǲκεĶһֱֻߣʲô£ǵʱغֻ
ò˵ȻֻûȺƴڲŻƴֳķӦ
ȴЧĺܺãǸһֱվŵĺˣڿʱ򣬵ĻŭţͿҪ̲סԼЦЦ˳ˡ
ڣ
һ˵¶ˣıôãֵôãºϹôõʱĻᣬȴʼĥĥĲʵʡ
ǽǹƳĶҩ¸ֻˣֵݸµĶҩȻǿŶҩŵʲôԼǸ֮ʲôķӦ
ʱֻϵķӦԼɫʹǸ̶ȽǺݸµǿŶҩҩƥ䣬ûˣֻҪסֻպ󻹳Ʋסƴ
ƴǿƳǲҲ̽ȡһ
Ů˺ѽ
Ϲվǲǿҩ軹Ǵµ¸˴ʹֻϡ
ôֻҪֻ˹ƣԼĿƷΧ֮ڣôͺðúܶˣҲûʲôҪ˼ɵĵطˡ
ϼҼҪܰռƻץֵĻʱƴǱҲûκεˣʱǿĹҲҪԼС
˵һǿ֧Ԯ
¶ĹеȨƺ͵λʱҲһǿľ֡
һһ֮Ŀɲһô򵥣һҶԼİ
ܲɢҲǸһ׮һ׮
ڵ
ǽˣѹ˸˻ңȶҵĵλϹڰļƻȥֻ¶ƴǻֻƿԼ֮С
ʣһҪ״֮ʱʣµ˸ĻҵĺͼҵһͳɽԸҲҪˡ
ҪصĺĴЦʵ̲סԼеĸˣϧôˣΪǻδɵĴҵǾԲôҪʱЦġ
Цһǻᱻ˿Χò׵ʵ̫ˡ
صĺǿԼеĸˣܾмźŷѾҳһŵƴǺֻϹ£ûƶ֣һֱЩֵȺУǴʲôϢ
صĺԶɣ̫裬ֻ½Ϸ棬ϹƴҲƭȥˣ˵УȴԾǲǾ

1858 𣿣1

ֻƴȴ֪ѾɹƭǸصĺˣֻҪϷȥȻǴϸôһҪȫףܰ;ϣ֮ǰЩαװȫ׷ˡ
ΪԼϷʱֵøΪһ㣬ֻڴӷгʱѾȷ˿ԼʹҩֻҪõǹƳǺõĶˣҲ˺еĺӡ
ԣֻŻ󵨵ĳԣҩƶ£Ҳֻϵʹֵ쾡£Ǳ档
ֻΪʹĺ飬Ϊʵ̫ʹû̫˵̫ĻҲΪֻֻǴһرıΧ£ȴƴǵ֣˵ʲôҲɿ
ҪǷſĻƴǾǻֵġ
±ͷ˹Ƴ棬ԹƣΪľҪֻƴǽǱݺǵ˸ץѾ˺ܴˡ
ҪΪƴǵ¶ֻˣǶ򲻳ɵģ
һԵϹ˴ϵֻľٶȻҲֻ֪˼
µһʱͿͳ嶯˰ɣֻ˶ֻ֣ȴûй£ֻҲǲϣƴΪҪԼɱ֣ŻôʹʱҲǰסƴǡ
ֻߡ
ϹȻ˵ΪʲôǣһĪֱ
ǣôȥҲڻҪ˺ֻȡԼȥĻɣϹЩζı飬վ
ϹǸΡ
ֻƴǲܵʲôʱ򣬶ǻص룬ΪܵǣȴҲǿݴȵûй취ѣȽ֮£ǶʱΣǲ֪Ϲ
ʵǸصĺ˵вʱϹҲȥݺֻƴǣȡԼ»ǸճĺӵİΣȻͷһܿı㱻ѹȥǸô壬ϹϣҲҪϵһ飬ǵͷġ
ǸͷûʵʩҲǸͷ˶á
ǣֻҪǲôϹ¾͸Ϊͷо衣
Ƚ֮£ԼԷ޲ֻƴǲһǰġ
ڣϹȴûİ취ֻܺƤߴվԭط¿Щ뿪
ƴڵǲȶʱпܻᱬ
ҪĻܵ˺ͬʱµĴҲǻ̼ƴǡ
ʧƴǵ֮ڡ
ݵʱȷʵƴ侲רĵػֻߡ
ⲢϹһ˵˼ȻΣϹǱ侲򶨵ģܿڴʹ಻ѵֻ˼ƴŭҪɱ¡
ֻǿҲϵʹԼ岻ȴҲҪƴǡ
ֻ֤Ҫƴµ
ֻһģϹֻ˺ֻֻΪֻ˼һη磬ԲŽֻ˼ƴǣһ뿪ҪǵֻϵĶƱ⿪֮Ǳɱ£ֻһ޵εġ
ȥ
ʲôŹ˵
ȥڡ
ϹĴߴţǲɷ˵ؽֱƿ⣬Žգڷ֮ۿ΢죬ԵЩȱ㽫ЩΧ۵˸ɢˡ
Ⱥ¸պÿǸһֱĬĬעǵǸˡ
һۣ»Ǻ˵ҲǺ޲ýԷǧС
¿ʹĲѣʵȴǳ˲עʱȻߵǸ˵ߣŭ𣬡ˣ
ˣ
ѾﵽҪˡ
ֺҵĽ㣡
Ϊ˻ȥҵĽҩ
㶼ˣ
µҲ֪ΪѹΪԼﲻЧƭصĺˣ֮ڳԼЩȥֻһϷݺá
ǺǺǡ
ǺǺǡ
Ǹصĺ˻ߣȴҪǿеŭ𣬲̫ӣĪ泩һֿһ㣬űѹԼͻ

1859 ˣ2

˵ĪĺãҲΪôõʱ䣬ϹԼҪЩ飬ú˴ĿģҲŸ
ڽеŭ𶼷йԼϣҲǲΪȻûиκεִһֱЦӯӯĿ
Ļʺͬһ㡣
ĺݵҲһܱģϷǼʶˣ
صĺ˲ûΪµѹϧǹµ˿Σ˵ҲԽĸź
һĪĿС
ǵģʺѾԼҩ¸׽ϣôϷҲᰴճŵȴӦĽҩ㡣
ţϷеġ
£Ǹصĺ˱㻺һöҩ裬µǰ
ʵĿȷֻƴǰˣ֮ԻҵºϹϣػһʵĻᣬ֮ԼĿİˡ
Ϲ˱صĺȷʵûκε뷨ֻ׼ȷһ˵ºϹԸں˵Ҫ󣬿ºҲǻԥǿܵġ
ʵԥԥʵ̫ˣʺĲǲԼΪٳ겻ɶŽĽǡ
ʱ򷴶ǸԼ¡
ѾԼҪ飬Ǹ˽ҩҲûʲô
صĺϲʹ࣬ȴûбҪеʱ䶼˷޹ؽҪ˵ϡ
УϹ±˷ʱ仹ûаôˡ
ԡ
Ų¾˷ʱ䡣
Ŀ˸ͷһ˲Ĺ򣬱ѸٵĽôźʹѹȥϧҪ֮ǰõרŽҩĻȻǻỶϲģΪͿԽ⿪ԼڵĹƳ棬߸˵ĺϹԼǸճĺҸȥ
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µĹƳ棬һöССҩ貢ܽ⿪ڵĹƳ棬ǻᱻʹϡ
ʹ໹ǲǰʹ˺̶ֳȶҪţܱ˷֣һʹȫǰˡ
¿ٵĽԼѹȥ˲ϵۣǺĽҩУѸٵ̷ȥ
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ԺвңҲǾԲٴӦκεˣвҡ
һԸˮģƽʱ˵ϸʵǲʺ˵ݻԼĵŭȴǰ
˵˵˵ֻЩˣûʲôģǸ˸Ͳ¡
Ȼ
ϷҲôġ
ϵЦޱȵſ񣬡ϷҪףʺͻϵĸ飬ĺӣĽɽǧˣ


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ڷС
ֻ£ݹصһ֮һ̫
ֶڱĹңڱ˵ĵϡ
ǳ飬ȴҲǲŵģ򣬱Ƕͻó뵽˿ֻ֮УĹĳ֣ҲǻԺӵĶͱʡ
ָǵƴǺܿ㷴Ӧߵǧڣ˷Ϣж򲻿κ֪
ǣ
ۼŸոջվͻȻ֮ǱĻ̻ȻƴѾҪֻжϢǿзκˣ»ŻŵĳţԼֻһʹĲҽȴǽվе˶ɵġ
ôѹƣϢҲҰһ㣬Ѹٵվɢ
е̫ҽֻǰȴǱֻҡͷܾˣҵʹÿҲߵÿ죬һֻϵıõĶˣԼĴ죬ֻĿ˵ƴǣģû¡
£ⲻµĴ
ƴɺѪ˿ֻ֣ȴʲôû˵
ۼԵİˣǸصĺҩ貢ǵҩ裬ûҪֻҲ㻹ˡ
ֻҪҪܻתغͻġ
ҡ
ϹڵֻӦûԡ
ϹϢĴ뿪˷䣬ֻƴһ˵ĻᣬҲҪץȥ£׷ʲôΪʲô˾Լ

1860 ֮Ĭ1

ϹŲҴңת֮ǵ˸ڷ䣬Ĵˣû˳ڰӵԼȷһûʲô쳣֮ϹѸٵع˷ţͬµһ
Ϲ첽ĵµǰץµļǿͬԼĿֱӣԼûǰ٣󿪿˵µǳʲô飿
Ϊʲô㲻һ±ԼͶأ
㵱潫Ƕҩ¸˽𣿡
仰ʱϹʵҲźܴĲţϹԼ⣬ֻķӦǿңȻܼװ۵ģ϶ˮʪˡ
Ǽװġ
ֻҲȻûǰõݼ
¶ǵֻ˶ҩ˵ġ
ǲ֪Ϊʲô
ϹǿҵԤУǾǣ鲢ûеô⡣
Ȼºֻˮ©УҲߵĺۼ
ϹһϵڸԼһʲôܣֻһʲô֮
ͬӣĻʺ
µΪһġ
˽µĻôϱҲûκ˽ġ
ҲǸϹ۵˼İɣ棬ϹôҲԸֻΪҪԼȥ˺˵ˡ
䡭
Ǹ˻ǶŴµ㣡
ԣϹŻִֵ£Ϊģڵһ񶨵Ļش
Ϲεע֮£²ûаϹεĸһ϶Ļش𣬷ֿЦǰģǺ͸ո˻£ȴֶԲԼԳͼ
ҡ
ҵǸ˶
ô죿
Ҳ
ҲºӣиպײñΪжǸŵıǽͽ򡣡
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ֻΪûлҽͽԲŻ֣ͼҵİΣвǣԽͽֵġ
˵֮ԻжҲΪͽ򣬶ڣҽǶҩ¸˽㣬ҲǽӦõĻõҩҲֻӦõİˡ
û
Ϲǰע֮µʱ²ûиϹҪĻش𣬷ģ˵Ļĺ
Ļ˿棬ڷֻʣϹˣȴûаֵҪ֮ǰƴǻֻǰĸҪ֣Ҫûޡ
ϹϸĿĻῴȻ˵ݻʱ򣬿ϵıȷʵûаĺ˫ڵˮֱֱĶϹϣ
µֻϹ֣ΪǸ˼ʹڰ۲ǵôܼҲĻˣģڷŽգǸصĺ˲书ٸǿҲֻǶʲô˵ĵط͵͵Ĺ۲ˡ
û͸ӣܿ´˿ϵı飬Ҳ֪̽Ϊʵı仯һбǳɰ񣬶Ϲ·޶֮Ĭˡ
ֻϹԭԼ˵ʱҧгݵ˵ֻǻõʱҲǴżŭģֻϧŬδ𣬱ǱϹѹȥ
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֪˴˿µʵ˼뷨ˣ
Ҳһ˲Ϊʲô˵ЩΪʲôָֻҩˣ
ĪϹޱȵĽţұ¿˿ѸٵڷҵֽʷµǰһвʲôǾܱ⶯СþǸصĺˣʱǴµļƻֻ˵ƻµļƻ
ϹƳŷ¿˵
ǿˣû뵽̰ȻΪԼúõĻŶȥݺ
֪Ļҵ㲻ӦΪӦӭȢţ˽ĸ˳ΪĻʺˡ
ѧ˵ӣϹҲǾݻ֪ĻΪڳܣһĲ첱Ӵ֡
ǷʵȴϹûаŭǴŻţ֮Ի˵޷ʵʱ䣬Ҳͬڸʵ
ҪǷ̫ĻǻǸصĺд֡

1861 ֮Ĭ2

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Ǹ˶ԸǼ֣ƴǶڽ߾ȫŰ취
һҵĳ·ġ
Щ˶һŬŽİ취һµģգȥǶҩЧԶƭǸصĺˡ
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ңǿϹʹװŭģǳ¡
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Ѿȥˡ
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֪ϹԼһ㣬дֻƻǰʱ򣬱ѾдοϹĻʵ˵ֻǶۣܵû̫ʧġ
ΪûаǸصĺ˵ķԸ϶ŶģνĲ޷Ǿǣ֮ǰֵֶ֮ܺõҩĶһ֣ЧʹҲǲһȼģ
󲻹жû̫Ĳ
Ҫʹ࣬Σա
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ʱܻҵĽҩҲôҲܱ֤˵ȫôǵ۾㲻ʲôֵõġ
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ͬһʹֹס£ȴǣ֮ǰƴǵôܹ꣬ѧһЩƤëġ
ʱΣң治ɫһΪҪرĲܲǡ
ϹĿ۲ѣ˵ĻȴҲѧǰ̫ʧˡ
ÿÿһÿһ붼ޱȵĶġ
ҲҪˡ
Ϊ֮
Ϲ˵Щ㾶ˤŶȥ
ߵӰѸپ˵пºϹ֮ʲôĸѺۣ˲ŻִôأֻϹ
Ϲ֮ߵôΪǶԼĻ䣬ʧ͸ΪȥԼʹı飬Ϊȥİѳֲסϸİοµԣֻ߻̲סǿԼǰȥ̫ҽڵ嵽ε
ٵȥֻ˷ʱ䣬鶼
ϹߵľӰһ
Ǳ߻ľһ֮䣬±Ҳֲס̱˴֮ϡ
öҩȥ
ΪǸ˲ʲôߣŻǰȲҲûģֱӽҩȥ
ֻ֮ǰֵһֹƳĻôöҩǿֱӵĽֵĹƳ⿪Ҳ֮ǡ
ϧַһֹƳ棬ֹƳ໥ãûֱҪȻˡǸҩȻֻܽ⿪һֹƳ棬ֹƳһֹƳ໥ײʱʹȴҪ֮ǰܵЩƳĥҪѹǧٱˡ
ҪǷһֱһ¸ͳŲڻص䣬һе鶼ѾˣѾ߾ȫȥˣʣµҪֻƴǣϹˡ

1862 ֮Ĭ3

ôţʹ壬ʶҲıû
ûã±ǳ׵Ļ赹ڴ֮ϣȫȻû˰֪˯˹ȥ
˯˹ȥҲá
ݵʱ棬̫ʹĥʶһֱѵĻ˵ҲṆ̀

ͬʱһڣֻƴֻʣ˶
ͬģڵڷеֻƴ֮䣬֮Ī֮
տʼֻ֪µĶʱ򣬿ֻܵ޷ģƴǵҲͬһ㣬޲ֻȥеʹࡣ
ǣڿֻʹ൱еʱȴҪһֻԼ
ƴᵽеżζĸоٿֻʹ񣬱ǵⷬȻ
ƴǱ΢΢ţδʣǻĴӵ֮ڵֻ塣
ƴǵĻů͸ƴ΢żӵƴֻڣֻϵʹ֮ͺת˺ܶ࣬Ƿǰ㣬һ仰˵
һ㶼ǼװģеʹҪʡ
ں˰ɣ
ƴǳڣдżɳƺĪĴԡ
ֻ΢΢һƴǵĿע֮»ĵ˵ͷ
ڿ˵ô˰ɣ
ƴǲô׵ķŹֻֻ˵ּ׷ʵϹµȫһģҲ˵ĶǸ˵书᲻ƴǵĶֻ֣߶˵书ڲ֮ģƴߵĻǧͲˡ
ҲǾԲС
ƴǺֻž԰ȫʱԷĴ󵨵˵Լ˵ĻϹǰ㣬˵ҪܻͷʲôʱǸĪĺ˱Ķߡ
ƴǵĿ̫ȿеĶߣһеķӦֻֻϷˣ
ǡʲôʱ򿴳ģ
ƴע֮£ֻЩ˼ ͷ
óεƴǵˡ
ԴӺƴһ֮ƴǱûжԼֻǶԼ˵ϣڣƴüһԼʵģ
Ƿ˴ѧʦץһ㡣
ʵ㡣
ƴǱٶȿڡ
ֻЩڨڨĲ˼ٺٵĳƴεЦЦ˵鷳һ˸ˣǸصҪµ¶²Ը˺ңֵǸصĺ˵ҪȥĻǸ˻˺ǵĺӡ
ԡ±Ұæ
ֻĻδ˵꣬ƴǱȻֻĸǰֱŵֻԼϵĻ˻ȥ
ǣʣµĻֻ˵ƴǵҲ֪ģңƴǲֻ֪ǻ˵ֻˡ
ԣΪ˰æҵǸĻ֣ôһյİ취ԼЦ
ƴĿ·Ҫֻһ㡣
ֻߣǻ֪ԼеģԲҵðգ˱ҩ棬ҲҪȥˣ
ƴǲƣֻƴǵǿ֮£Щĵͷ
ƴȴôķŹֻô
˵ˣ
żƻʱ򲻻𣿡
Ҷƭȥˣ
ôûˣ
ƴڽţȴǲŭģҲƴǣҪǻˣҪƴǻҪ
ص顣
ֻ֮Բ˵ֻΪʵ̫ˣҲ֪ƴǵˣƴǵΪ̫ԼŻģ
ԡԲ𡭡
ֻãҪ˵һЩĻشƴǣǣĻ϶ǲʱ˵ģҲֻǱֻεĸȥ
û뵽ͲƵԼǰƴǣȴͻȻ첽ǰٿؽֻıڻУЩ°ͿֻĶͷϣǰĲɣۡ
Ժʲô飬㶼Ҫңٴļ裬Զҵ󡣡
Щƴûеֻ˵
Ǿǡ
ΪƴǵУǽֻȫġ
ʲôΣգֻҪֻԼôƴǵ涼η壬Ϊֻ¸
Ϊ
Ҫֻġ
ǻȥ
ֻסֻʲôʧ

1863 µʧȥ

ȥʲô壿
ƴ֮ԻķӦҲΪΪںʵ̫ںֻˡ
ֻܵһʧ˺ƴǶԼҪǧ֡
οոΣƴǵΪֻ֮ǵģʧȥǻʲôǶҲ֮еġ

ҡ
ܵʲôʱҶǻúõıģʲô㶼ԶҵңҪԼȥգҲֻһˣǺòеĺӡ
ĸʲô˵ĻպӦԴ
˵ʱƴѪ˿ȴǲסȥֻ΢΢͹ĸΪ˸Цݡ
ͬʱƴǵǺ£ʵڲгһԼҪǵ뿪ֻĸֻ֮һ
ʵµ鰢Ѿ˵ˡ
ԭҲǴƺüƻȥǸˣȻҵȨġƴǽջԼĿ⣬ģĵʹֻ˵ŻȻѾһжĻôǰǵļƻҲС
ƴǲֻĽͣҲֻڸԼ˵Բ֮䲻Ҫ˵Բ
ԣƴǱת˻⡣
ֻůƴΪ˹˼ԼҲʶȤûмƴǾΪʲô֮ǰԼҪƴǣ÷֣˳ƴǵĻ˵
ǸӦǻҸߣȻΪľãǵ˺̸İѱ͵ơ
ʱ˳ƽץס
ƴǣʵҵѾ˲²ķˡ
֪𡣡
ֻЩĿ⸴ӵĿƴǣŵĶ
ʵǶǹơ
֣һ˲ƴǺֻǳĬΪ˶׹־ζʲô
书ǿ࣬ҪֵĻôȻȻӦģԺгֵĵһѡǱңֻЩ˲Ż¹ƣҲֻңЩ˲һֱҰĲûдʲôüƻ
ҪеǹƳĻôǸ˵ݱǲۿҲ˲²ķˡ
ҵˡ
ʣҪĲ޷ǾҪǸ˸ץţȷҵĸˡ
ֻ£ƴϵĽźʧתЦŵĿŻ
ͬ
ȻƴǵҲˣֻ֪ԴµеǸҩֻ֣ƾһֶɵĹҺֱм쳣
ҾǸĻҲġ
ƴǽԼе뷨ޱֻ˵˳
ڻ£ȴǿֻ𾪣㡭
˵ǸҲпҵˣ
ֻ˵ʱɵ
ԭֻΪǸǸԼĸʧŹϵģǵǸԼĸ׵ˣֻû뵽ǣǸҲǼпҵˡ
찡
ֻʱһɭɭĸо
ҵΪԼҰĺΪµõɽôԭżƻˣһصô˼ôأô
µҵеĻô˻кӹ
ǺԵġ
½ա
Ҳаȵĺӹˣ
ֻ𾪵֮£ƴǻص˵ͷǡ
Ϳ˵涼Ը⿴ģȴҲ˵涼òϵһ飡
ԭҵ£ֻΪҵľǻӹ°ԹðԷ֯ӣҵȨҵЩӱɱʣ޼
ҵĵӶĹУЩҲųֵġ
ҳֵķʽҲǼԵֱӱǳΪµһ壬ֻǻһַʽ
ǰµһΪžԵĻȨ֮ٶȳΪ֮һΪӡ
ôʼնû
Ҳ˵ϹƴǵĳҲǱЩƵƵ룬ٶǺŹϵġ
Ҫ˵ѩˡ
ֱӱǰѩĹ֮ڡ
ΨʣƺûʲôϵģҵҲ̤ĹΪǿĹеΨһľ
룬ΨһľȻǵ类ҵЩȾָĵط
쳣
ǱҰҲҪҲǲزסġ
ôܻô׵ķŹ

1864¸ǵʱ

һоҪһĽ͵Ļ
ôΨһˣֻҵˣȱҵĵĲٿ֮£ҲŲǲ˹
װ׵˷ʱѪ
ֻƴķ֮󣬲ɵó˼Ŀ˳Ĭ
һȻּڡ
ǵġ
֪ΪʲôһֲõԤС
һֱڵȴʱ
Ϊһһ㡣ֻҲǶ񳯾ֵ֮ƴǵҲǿƲס¶˵ǡ
⻹ͷһοƴǵϻ¶ôǳ
֮ǰƴǵģʲô飬ܺܺõĽеصúܺãֳֻͲֹ
Ҫǵ浽һ죬ƴ޷סеĵǣڲ֪䱩¶ϵĻô˵ѾǳķΧ
ֵľƴǵҲû˵ˣ
ֻϵıþȣ˼ǡ
ƴǵĽ֮£ֻҲе㿪ˡ

ǡ
ֻͻȻˡ
ǷǷѾôʱ䣬Ҳǵ˸óи˶ϵʱˣֻǺɵԼʱƴǻĿڣڻشֻ⣬ҲڸԼһ˶һ㣬ڵ˵š
涼ףΪһȵĹȴͻȻᷢô顣
һеһбٲںһţӸ˵пܱΪԼҰĺĿģһֱڱǵĸƵƵ飬ð
ҵЩ˳ıѾõļƻӦʱչֳˡ
Ĺеλ˶ǾۼǸ֮Ի˽ڣǶ뵽ԼĹϽϣҲӦ׼и˶ϰɣʵϵ̫ˡ
ôõʱƴĲֻĻǸıϵƣ˵ġ
ƴԸžԵĲǵˣҲǾᷳһڵĹƳʱ򣬱ǸƴǵĿ˼֡
ĹƳʵ̫ˡ
˵ҸƳ֮¡
жΪƳıˣ
ЩʱƳ˵Ǻ£ɸʱƳ˵Ǻ˺Ķ
ƴǵںֻŵʱֵʱѾ˾ֻŵ˺ʵʱ㽫Ǽƻʵʩ
ƴǿֻǰģǰסֻֻ֣ͬԼĿֱӣƴǱ˵£ҵʲôıƵģߣһúõıĸӣңϧԼԲԼЦˡ
ҲҪˣգ֪𣿡
˵˵ȥƴǻǽƵ˽ֻ˺ıϷ棬ֻĵ˵ͷԵزһεĸо
ƴǰֻԼĿ⣬ֻҲǵ֪һԼ̫çײˣԺ󶼲Լ˽ƴˣԺ󲻹ʲô˵ƴ̹ϡ
ôţֻҲԺܵĺܶ࣬ƴǰֿĿ⣬ֻ΢΢һĨЦݣصĳƴǵĵͷ
ҲԣԲ´ˡ
Ժ󲻹ʲôҶȻȥжء
ֻԼĳŵƴüͷҲɿֻʱҸЦݣĿֻ΢΢¡Сϡ
ּΪ˸ϲøУƴǶʱЩƮƮȻ
һرֵĸоɣ֮ǰûкӵʱˣ񣬿ȴһֲĸо
˺һе˺ܶˣ֮Ҳ໥ͨ໥ϵܵʲôʱֻҪǸ֮ĹϵҲԶı䡣
ֻƴǻЭ֮󣬲ҴҵĴӷƿţżؿֻƴˡ
ϣʺ
ʲôʱģ
ֻŲǾϲղҴҶվ浱ʱֻǿƴǡ
ֻȷʵںŶԲûܿ롣
ֻֻУֱǰȥӭӵǵǰ
ڲϱأûҪֻɵ˼ĳĿڣϻʣﵽ׷ʲô£
ƴǺֻʿһƬƽͣûзκ飬˶֪
ֻһǳʲôʣʻػؽҪƴǸ˽Ϣˮ©κһ֪̽Ļᡣ
ҲͰˣǲ벢ˣǺǹϵ׽ѡ
¹ش֪Ļǻڵľźܴİ
ʺ

1865 һֵø˵ĺ

ôˣ
ΪʲôῴЩ
ֻǻֳִȷʵͲĲһ
΢΢̶ϵЩǺɻ˾Ⱥ͸ˣʺϲˣ
һֻ֪жԺӵεģǵǧִǰ㣬ֻǣԼǷ¶ãȻĸվûиõĽֻ֣ڵóԸԼĺӡ
ԭһֵø˵ġ
ֻЩ⣬ԲŻڸոյ֪Ϣ֮ʵ¶ȵıģ
ֻŲ˵ģĵ˵ͷҸЦݣţϲˡ
ȻϲǱǺ£ΪθոķתһҽУ
ֻƴǵǰֻ÷Уļȥ֮Ϻϵ׽ıദüֻƴˣǰû˵ȦӣֱӽԼҪ֪̽Ϣ˳
ͬģƴǺֻڲǰҲû
Բʵʱֻƴ໥һֻ֮仺ĿڽԼ鶼˲롣
֮ǰǸصĺˣԼǸصĺ˾в£֮ļƻһһϸ˵˲
ϣֻ˵Ļ֮ȴǵڣʲô˵
˵Ļʺ˹ƣԣǿǣһ˹ƣ
ֻƴֻýĲǹ죬ķӦʵ̫ˣңողǰʱֻ
ǴŻ飬ֻ֪治벢ҽǺʱѧϰЩ飬һһӱϳԼģ
տʼʱֻֻøˣҲĻָ侲ǰһȵĲֻ޵ɻ
һղҲǷ˺ܴĸı䡣
ʹǰǸΧԼ߻ʺﳤʺ̣˵ЦǸСǽȻͬˡ
ʺȥҸһ£ھΪʲôлĻٺϸ˵ʱˡ
£ǲڿֻƴǣֱתķ䱼˹ȥ
ɵĶҵˣҵЩһֱڱĻôڵĶҲпܲǶǹơ
ǹƵĻڵʱԽ紦ԽЧ
һǹƳʱ̫õĻѾĺΪһ𣬵ʱҪǳɹˣҲǻܵһ˵ģƴǺôüֳƳ棬лὫڵĹƳóĻҲһǻܵСˣп书ʧҲǼпܵġ
ʺðˡ
뵽µǰţ󲻵»شֱƿ˽ȥȻڿʱҲǺǾȣҲ֪ͬʲôʱվģΪʲôֻԼǰ
ѵҪ
Ϊֻ˺ͳ
ǰֻߵʱƫģֻʲô鶼ֻǰҲ߲ưɡ
ôŵЩ־ģ΢΢˲ŽԼŲ˴ϣɲ벻ȴѸǰڵĻδ˵ֱӴµ
ʱϵ˿ֻʱ
ʱԽϵرԽ
վ½֮£뻺ɿµ
ʱҲԲŻعޱȽŵĿŲ룺㡭Ҫʲ^
ҿɲ㡣
۾裬ϵʹѾίĵˣǹƳ浽ڻԼĥԼĲʮĹ龫֣ҪʱǵֻĻ
ǿʲô鶼ó
йƳ棬ʱǻΣյģȴɲ
ŵģ˽ġ
üģʺǺǹƳ档
һ֣
ֹƳģң󣬻Ǹոս⿪һֹƳ棬ֻʣһ֣
Щ㵣Ƴ黹ֻ˵֪ģǲʲôʱѧ˿ùģ
ȻֻǿܷԼڵ쳣
Ҫ֪Ͼֻ֪ԼڵǹƳʱ򣬻˺þõоĥʱŵĳĽۡ
·ʣ˵еĿҲϧ
ϧˡ
ֻһ
ԭЧģȴԼ˽⿪ƳĽҩ
ûа취ˡ
˵⻰ʱźŲЩǾͷתЩʲôʲôѽ

1866 û˽İ취

ûн⿪֮𣿡
˵ĹֻۿеˮôҲܿƵĵƺЩĵҧŴǣƴǵûκε쳣ЦŸҴȤ˵ԼڵĹƳѾ⿪ˣԺǿĸһصˡ
һжôá
ֻҪܴεƽĻȥĻôƴǺֻҲƽĶȹеѣⱲӶһˡ
þöûнĺӵҲǵóԸˡ
ǣôҪʱ򣬲ĳ֣Ȼ˵ƴڵǼģҽȴĽֻ·һֻô׵Ľܣš
ͬҲش𣬵ǡ
ʵʵٺ£ٲԸȥܣȴҲǲòܣòԵġ
ʺϸһ룬ԴϷ˽Ƶҩ֮󣬻ϵһı䶼û𣿡
֣صĿǰֻǱֻȴҪǿĶˣΪԤУڵ֪˽ʱŻԵϳذɡ
Աֻֻ޷׵Ľ޷׵Լƴǵİɣ
ԭֻǿ϶ģΪʱƴǵķǵ
ƴǿȴǰӹذԼԼᡣ
ܶʱ򻹻˵һЩֻˣֻԽôĵţĲԤҲԽԽǿҡ
ǰ
ôû뵽ء
ƴǣƺ̫ˮ̫ˡ
֮ǰֻ֮ûвƴǵ쳣Ϊĺµ棬ƴǲʲôı䣬Լ涼ܺܺõĸƴҵһĽڡ
ʶģֻԼǺƴǵ쳣
ߣ׼ȷ˵ǾֻҲǲԸţƴڵĹƳ治ûн⿪ģԽԽء
ֹֻס ģǸƶԼĲ²⡣
ʺҲʮֵȷˣ
仰
ǰΣ
ʵ֮һżǣΪҵЩ֣֪ҵйعĽ֮⡭
Ҫǣʧˣ
˻
ʲô
ֻ˵ʧ仰֮ϵı˲𾪡
źΪĸѪģԣڵĹƳ汻߶ķˣڵĹƳҲ űˣԡ
Ӧ۸֪ԼڵĹƳѾ޷Ƶĳ̶ȣԲŻϢ뿪ΪǲҪԼʧص£Щ˺Ը˺˵ģ
ʹĿ⣬һ仰û˵ʧٵӰֻۣʣʹˡ
۵أ˵ĸѪϵҲӦhiصģҺɻǣϾȻǰʺҲûвϵ쳣
֪лʲô֪ģ
üĽš˵⻰ʱǴɻġ
˵ĸ֮˵Ǳǣһġ
Ҳ˵ĳ̶ֳϣƴƴģ
۵Ѿôˣƴû˵İ
ҴҵĴųΪѾòɿҲ޷ƵķΧ֮ڣû뵽ҴҶʱȴǷȻİ
е鶼糣վɡ
һжڰͰࡣ
ѵǲ̫ľԱ

϶ǵģ
һƴǵϺ۵죬ȴǲӵģ
ҪҵڵĻôҲƴǺ۵˸תĻˣ
ʺһҪϸ룬ڻϵʲôֻߣϵʲôĶǸҪǹغŻϺ۵ģ
һҪϸ
ڵֻֻԼǴһϢ״̬Լ˵ÿһ仰ֻ涼 𺳣ȵӦĻᶼûˡ
ڣȻǰƴǵϵʲôֻֻͬȫͷԣҲѹ
ǡ
ѹ͹غƴǺ۵Ҳǲֻ˿ĵͷȴҲֻǴͷʼ޾ϸĽеĹ̸һһʮ˸ȫңЩĹУֻҲŬķ˼ŵʲôĲ
е¶عһȦֻ֮ͻȻŲҲǳϣˣ
֪ˣ
֪ˣ
ֻΪԼ뵽ĹؼӶЩ˺ͼŲֽģ˵ʲô֪ΪʲôѾ߶ƴڵĹƳ棬ȴûһ쳣ˣ

1867 һ

ǻҪһ
ֻв˼ֵİգԼôͽôҪˣ
ǽĲ壡
ѹƹƳõģҵﻳɣǵҵĸ״͵Ķ
ˡ
Ҫǰôƻȥ˼ȥȫĻôֵǮֻɻ飬ȫͨˡ
ҵˣΪҵҰĺͼƻȥţΪʲôĿĵأֻǵʱǸĿûɣֻʲôΪ֪ԭ򣬵ֻߡ
ҪǺѰŮӣ±ƭ˸ҲֻǻĬĬĳܣĸײһ
ĸ𲢷һˣڵ֪ԼǱƭ˸֮󣬲ûоʹ˰ֻ֣һ˴гһҵȡһϵеı
ǲǴǸʱ͵ġ

ĸʲôط©ɡ
Ż᲻СĵǸ֣֮
ʱֻǺԼĸġ
ΪһŮ֮ı£˼Ҳǻĸ׵гԱѾǺܲ׵ˣȻǸʤ룬ǰΪŮӵͷⶼûжġ
Ϊǲε׹ſƹƳģƴǵһֱǲε׹ԣڵĹƳǻڹƳѾ˵£ûз
ʼĻɣڽ˵ֻ֮Ѿʮƶˡ
ε׹ֻѹƹƳһϣһ֣ƴǺ۲ظϣ
ңǲε׹ǵĸ͵ģǲε׹ Ž⿪һеĹƳ棬ֻѹһйƳ ЧģǱ˵һҪ⣡
Ǿǡ
ʲôĹƳ棬ҵ˶֪⿪İ취ģ
Ҫ׵Ľ⿪ƴǺڵĹƳ棬ƴǻǲ붼ҪеĿⶼҵЩ˵ϣΪʲôǷݼŹƳϸûн⿪ĸƵİ취
ҲǿҵһܺĽ͡
Ǿǡ
Ǳ˵ģҲǱʵ֪ЩƳİ취͹ƳĽİ취ֻҵЩ˹ġ
ֻҵֻ֪ôࡣ
ԣŻ֪棬ĸûа취⿪ġ
ͻȻҵϣһֻЩĿŲ룺ƴ֮ڻûз仯Ϊǲε׹ѹƵõģǵ׹£ƴǲһֱƽ

ֻҪǲε׹һֱƴǵߣƴҲǿһӶˣ
˵ֻ򴽲ģֻҲٶ˵ǣһҪ顣
ǾǣĸƼȻѪġ
ΪԼĲСȥƴڵĹƳ棬ܵǣƴûʲôΣˣŲε׹ģأ
ô˽
ֻǹƴһˣȴȫȻ۵
ǲε׹ֻһ˵ƴǾ͹˲ۡ
֮һһΣյģ
ǸΣգֻ䲻Ը⿴飡
ֻƴǵİοȫȻ۵
ôţֻǽЦݱֽȥ룬ڣǱֻܽеϣǸصĺ˵ˣ
Ҳ֪ۺƴǵģ
˺ܶ飬ҲֻԽļᶨЩãȥת˼Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
Ǹصĺ˼Ȼҳ¹ƣôҵݺ͵λҲǲ͵ģʱһжռƻȥУ˵Ͼҵİ취

Ǹصĺ˻һܴľϲ
֪ȥĲ룬ֻƶҲֻεĸŵ˵ͷڣҲֻˣ
ϣɣϣҵϺ۵ڹƳİ취
ֻǻʺڻϵŲε׹ģǲ һֲԤУʺʱʱ̶̿Żϣϸ۲ϵûʲôʡ
ĲѣȻϵģҺҪǵǹƳ淢֮󣬱ǻʧȥԿصЩʱ򣬻ϿԼƲסԼ
һҪʲô˺飬ҲǺ޷ʱ˲أ
˵⻰ʱ档
ҲΪʲôҪ֧ƴǣֻ˵Ҫԭ򣡣
¶иһġ
ҲȷƴڵôܿƴԼҲûвԼ仯쳣Ҫֱƴǵǰ˵Щԣпܻ̼ƴǡ
ڵĹƳѾˣֻܿŲε׹Ҫʱ˵̼ƴǣɾˣ
ʱ򲻵ƴǵôаĺôǸӼƴڹƳ淢ģ

1868 վûס

ףİɣҵ
ֻԲеʱ֣صĵ˵ͷ˫ʶʸԼ¡С棺һĵĹ۲ƴǵģһʲôʣ㣡
ôĻֻƴ˵һϢ
仹ҲǶԹƳ˽Ĳ룬˵ǸӶ˺ܶ档
ֻͲڷ汾˵ŵЩĵĻȴû뵽ƴǵӰδԶӼһ˲俪ʼƴǵ΢΢ЩĲ
ָоʵҲ˵Ϊʲô
ΪƳնȻ޵еĹϵİɡ
ƴǿŲʱҲǻ˼ֵķ
ҲпΪƴǶֻ̫ģڲ˭ֻƴǵʶһַ˼ΪֻİΣƴûԶģû뵽ȴ˲Ļ
ƴǴĿصĿԼ˫֡
֮ǰûע⿴ڲЩʾ֮£ƴǾȻԼ˫ķ˺ܶǰûгֹЩĿ¡
ǡ
еĹ˼ǶԵİɣԼˣûвԼ쳣
ƴǵĿأ ǿ飬ûƿȥҲֻֻ֤Ϣתȥ

ҹڵŨء
ҪҹУעǲƽġ
ʹС
ýӰŲҴҵĴվɱ˵ĿĶǲԼͬڻʹС
ֻġ
ϼҼӰĿĺȷΪǸصĺ˴Э飬ҲǷ˺ܶ࣬ǸصĺĵͼϼҼİĻУȴҲᳵ·ܿıѰҵԼҪѰҵĹ󣬸ǳŨŨҹɫ޵ĴѰŴ˵еĻء
ֻǼпܹѺĵط
෴
֪·ȻʱǱֻһεģҹʱģߣѰʱҲûôɡ
ϱأŲȴΪļԽԽ죬ٵĴ˻ʹ档
󣬿һ޵ƵĹţŲ̤˽ȥ
޵ǰص˶٣ֻʼĹǰĹŮ̫֮⣬ûһˡ
洧ŻɣѵԼҴ˵ط
乬
ôôӰûУϷصĻʹǲһġ
ⲻ֪
ֻǱϿû˵İˡ
ʵϣ̤޵һ˲俪ʼĴڱǱ¶޵˵֮ڣֻЩ˶ûֱӳִŵˣ
ﵱת뿪ʱһӰĳ֮ڣסȥ·
ǡ
㣡
ǰͻȻֵʱܵ˲СľţǺܿģϳǵӰ
ʹȥ˶꣬ôʱﶼǸˣǣΪ̫ʹ飬ǵӰԼǰʱﻹһ۱ϳǸ˵ݡ
ǰǸˣ
ǵ괳ŵǸˣԼκõǸˣ
ҲͬǹĸǸˣ
Ļϣ
Īıý֮ͨͨͣǰѾǵǸ˵Ľû뵽δҵԼĽ㣬ȿ
ס޵ڸԼѰҿʱߵĳ·
ɲΪʲôˣڵǰĳأзȣЩڵסЩ˺޵ҧгݵ顣
þò
㾪ȵϵû̫Ĵ㵣Ǳ΢΢һĨЦݣ˵ʱҲ΢΢һϲá
ϲá
Ѱһطϲã
˵
֮ǰŵʱȻ֮Žⲻĳޣ֮ĹϵǺܺõġ
׽֪ǰ㡣
Ϊ˲ŵЩ˵ΣϵЩƶֵģҲˣ㶪
ֻشٲҪܸĿġ
ڱƵĹУҲᾭ˵ģ
Ҫƻ֣ǵͷһģˡ
Ҳá
źøе˲һҪΪ˵ġ
ϾΪҲһߵĳԶѲΪȹ̵Ĺϵ
ڵʱ˵ЦͲУҪôǳԣҪôûκƽľʱ
һ겻㻹𣿡
óʱǴżõģлҳڵȴǶ۾裡

1869 ôܻã

һ겻ɻã
ã
ôܺã
ͣԭӦõȫˣʲô滹ʲô̬վԼǰʳһ겻ɻõ仰ģ
ʱ澿ôģŻ̩ȻƵ᣿
á
ôܺã
׽ЦݣҲûкףֱĮ˵ô֡
á
ۼֵʱ۾ЦݾȻһȥ̶ʧ
վǻزȥ˰
ǰǰǶûа취»صŵʱǰʱˣ𲻿ܶԼٽΣҲͬڶԼˮᰲҹӵԼ˵ԼʹͯĲҡ
Щ滰
ǰ峺ˮĸ˿ǻ᲻ıеȾҲ˳
һĪĸȾһ롣
¾ңҲ絽жహ࣬Ψһһ龻
һʱҲĵ˷ɡ
Բ𡣡
һİȥĿ˵֡
΢΢Щ졣
û뵽ȥĸǣǿ£ȻҹŲ˽ֱץ񣬷ʧǵԼǰ˵š
Բ
ǴĵҪԼ˵Բ𣬻ǣֻҪԼɾ衣
̬ʲôģȴʼնи
ȻȱңôǻµһһҲȻǻ֪ҵͼģұ㲻˵ˣҽأ
֪ˡ
ƶǹûаҪɵĴ㣡
侲ǽ˵˺޷ֲģģֻͬн֪ѵ
յ˺ĿΪһò㻹ȫɢҲ˲ΪܵıѣѾһϵеͳ裡
û˼˵˷ʱ䡣
㸺ȴ߰ն꣬㻹𣿡
Ȼͬˮ¿ʱ̲סĿǷŭĿ̲סʣ
Įеİʧתٶȿ֮ʱеѾȫȻȥǰ㺮һİ˵۹һڿ
̧ͷһ˲пһ˿ҷɵ飬˲ΪıӵĽˡ
ǰ
Ҹ
мҧгݣεģϾԸǰĺУƺŵˣѣЩ£޷ͬߣǰҲ˵ϼֻġ
ϣȴҲǲòϵһǣȷǿǷģʱҲ̬ȺȻûǰľӸ¡
𡭡
֮󣬱˲
ﲻɵô˸ɲװģڲԾĳʶıͷӦ
ʧ˵ô꣬Ƿʲô飿
ϲŭɫˣʱģ
Щʱ򣬸ƭ˵ġ
ܵŵʱ浽ǲҪӭȢģܸܵǣǵĵȷȷźøеġ
ͶԼĸ鲻һ
֮ƽڶǰʱ飬ǲһ˸еӡ
ڡ
Ǳ˸һǺɡ
ȷƭ
С֪𣿡
ôζҵģ
Һ޲ýĥ
Ǵмô仰ģҲﲻɵÿһֹ
㡭
¶ԥҪһʵôЩַ֮ʲô飬ڴʼ໥ϲҧгݣʱҧгǻġ
Ͼ㣬ȻҲǶҧгݡ
ֱǾǣ㵱뿪ʱҵʱһ˲پ׵飬ıҲôġ
Ȼʲô޵ҧгݣȴûа취飡
ｫԼɻʳһΣûкﶵȦӣֱӽԼǰ˵˸ϸ
гԼɫҵңҪҳĲѣʵȴҪӭȢǰϦҡ

1870 Ըҵ

˵ʱ˫̲ס죬ɺѪ˿
ɱĹƳ棬ҵ֮湬ô꣬ҵĵ£湬ĵӱǻŻƻ
Щ
ô꣬ҲǴһзܶڡ
ʮǰŵʱҵĲԣʱҲңӱ˵ˣ֮ǵ㶯飬ҲԸƭȥһ֮
ҽҵûɣ
ͻȻúǼ˺ܾõҵ йĻһ㣬кܶ໰ʵǱ̫ˣôõʱֻԼҪѹֵıˡ
ȴһ˵µ˶ûУֻܽЩ档
š
ֻһֱţ
ܱϿôǿˣ һʱҲǻҲǻŭҲǻ᳹׵ѹƲסʵ룬ҪƽʱЩǽԼֳˣҪǿҡ
ҲڣҾŲеǰĮĲ飬෴˶派
Ϊ֮ǰӦҵҪе裡
֪𣿡
֪ҵʱʱ򾿾жˣж༤
ٿǰɷ˵ץסĸ첲ǿͬԼĿӣ
ﱻһҪκľˣʵﷴã֮£ֻһǣƵ¿۹⡣
͸˫Ѫӣ￴еЩŭС
һ˿˿⡣
ʱұ룬ΥҵļƻҲԸһУԶ߸߷ɣӶȥֲ֮ǰǷ飡
ĻϲΪԺĽ¿ʼһ˲䣬һ
ǳ׵ĵҹýһ´̴ҵĿڣȡҵرҶŵĹƳ棡
ŭĽԼҪ˵Ļ˵˳
ʱѾȫˣôˡ
ĻȻ˵òǺȫ棬ȴЩľˡ
㡭
ȻԸ
ܵʲôʱ򣬶۲䡣
ⱲǱˡ
Сĸôӣϧȴûһܱܶ˶ϷԣҪټô۹ߵ޵ĻⱲӶ¶ˡ
ȴ˿⡣
ҪǲҵԼϲˣⱲӹ¶Σ
ɲЩıӼķԸӣȻһӶ浽ûȥһķ⡣
ԡ
ǵûд֮ڣȥıƽĻҲһָоǾǣעҪġ
ʺעҪȥȥһġ
ӦĹ
ֻǣ˶û뵽ǣûüȥʱȴţǵ
ʼ˵ĸʼ㣬¶⡣
С֪𣿡
Ȼڵ޵ķ⣬ҵıڣҲȥɵѡֻ
ǰʼն˵ޡ
ܿ˼ˡ
죬һʱ֮侹ȻʵĲ֪˵ʲôòǡ
ҪҸģ
ֻ˫Ѫ˿˫Ŀᣬſǣס˫֡
ǹǿ΢΢ıӰ˴롣
ҪϻţúõĻţǱǶܶɼ
ݶߣֻݶͣÿһݶǻÿһԴĿա
ڵĻϣ֮ϣմȨȨ֮¼˸˶һ档
ֻһ֪ƽ񣬿ȴȫƾԼĳıһٳΪһĻʵۡ
һĻʵ۰
֮Ϊˡ
һɹϮˡ
һû̫ɱ¾ɫ֮ǽĸ˵Ϯ
֪жڱĽĴڵġ
ǣܶоֻǻῴ˷ͳɹĵطȴȥ룬ҪɹҲҪܶġ
Ҳû⣬ҪɹҪĴ۵ġ
üĽšԼǰѻȻĽ⿪Щֲİ̺ȴǿŵпһ
ǡĿġ
İ̺ۣóЩǱµģЩǵµģ
Щ˿ڰ̺ۿǡ

1871 ˵飨1

ʲôҧģ
ʲôҧ
ʯ֮䣬˵ʲôĿ𺳵Ŀ
㡭
ֻԼ֪ͨͨʲô˵һ㡣
Ŀҧʲô
˹Ƴ棬ҲûκκĽ˰ɣ
ֻǡƳ棿
ҵЩˣȻҲˣȻùƣ
ҵЩˡ
Ǹʲô̬ĵĴڰ
ŻὫͬһ㣬ϧûУȻûιƣ⻹㣬ǲ룬ӦҲһĵλİɣ
һĵλҪ˶Դģôأ
ԣ
ҵЩȻεı̬Ҫƣ֮ùƳĹȴҲΪø˱ҪȥιƵϵġ
ȻҵЩΪôֻʣһ͡
ǡ
Щİ̺ۣǳͷ
Ϊĳͷ
ʲô顭
ǵûаҵЩ˵õţֻΪǵ飬ݸ鱾ͲҵЩãҿݵ飡
֮һ֮µЩҪȫĶϣԣŻϵЩǽ塣
죬ֻȴ˵ˡ
ӣζ벻ġ
ΪٶȼǸĵ˵ʱ򣬻Ǻ֣ҪôԼְɱȴûٴκʱĳ¶
ΪûûгɹĶţ˱̡
ΪûаҵЩ˵İţӭȢұŵŮӣϲ˱ĵطĹ˵̡
Ҳڣ滹ЩҵģԼ̷ܻ֮ţԼӦЩ˵ҪȥţŻǽˣ
һⱲˣһⱲ֪ĵѡ
ôĲȥ̽飬棬ֻĸȴûбû˵ĵĴڡ
ûܴĵλ
ڵǣٴμʱǲû汣õĻ룬ӦΪ
˫졣
֪ΪЩƳ澿˶ٵ飿˶ٵѪ𣿡
ȫˣ
ȫˣ
˵ҲȫǸɺˡ
ҵЩѡΪԵǱţΪģϣڹؼʱΪãҵҪ췴ػλʱ򣬱ǻΪһܴ
Щҵͷû뵽ǣ
ǱŵУûаռƻȥΪã˲ðϵˣڽɸʧܶ飬⻹㡣
ôһǣʵȴֶ
ҲΪ˶벻һŮˣôĹƳ棬˲ε׹ҵĺͼҵòƳ١
ֱڻûܳ׵
ȻҪǵû𣬴ӶĻڵĹѾͱҵЩˡ
Ҳ
͵ʴף
ҵЩ˶Իλôļʣ֪ҪҵЩ˵ļƻ˴Ƶʱ򣬸Ƕô߳ŭŭƫƫҲ𣬱ֻǷйˣ

ĿתתǣȻҪλģȴҲӦȥоô຦ĹƳ棬˵Ѫҵ·
ⲻƽ
ʵ˵ô໰ʱѾ˺ܶŭĵˡ
ĵ˾ǲܵʲôʱֻҪԸͣԸԼ£Ը˵ԼĲѵĿԣôǻԸ ԭºͰݵġ
ˣ
֮ǰҪβбֶȥԸǿЩĿİ̺۵ʱֻԼǱʲôסһܡ
ƽ
ϣĻ֮󣬱̲סЦ
С㻹ǰ
ĵȷȷʺӦúõĴŵģֻȥѰһƬ
籾ǲпģֺƽأ
ĪģʱشѾǸЩڰİˣҪǻ˱ʱûģҪ˵ȥһһĻشŶԷ⣬Ƕ˵һ仰ʱҲ ˷ˡ
ԷҲǰ
Ҳùƣñ˽бʱĹʽĴսһΪʱͲˣ
ͲѪɺӣ
Ͳ
ﱻķʶµһ仰˵
̫ˡ
סҡҡͷС̫ˡ

1872 ˵飨2

ش
ʱ򣬻һҪˡ
һҪһѪɺӣ
һ٣ĿģҪùƵĺӲҵģ
б˵ģһЩ޹İգùƵĻĵȷȷٵȥҪõĶ
ңܺҲǴЩ޹ƽգԺյһЩ˰ˡ
ҲҵЩϴأֻСȨ޷ġ
ºϾñط֣־ñغϡ
㲻ҵڳıҲơ
Ʋסġ
Ǻһ㣬˵Щʱ򣬾ȻлôһĨĨġᡣ
£Ƴܶ飬ΨƲģƲĵ̰
˵ȫԣҲ˵ҵ˶ԣҲ˵ȫġ

Ҳ˳Ĭ
¾ǹ˭޹أҲܹܵ˵飬ֻҪҵںˡ
ٶԼǰʹΪĿģҽ㽻ֻߣԼȥң
һ棬Ҫҵģ֮ܣҲûôȥܣеˣֻڣ֪һǡ
ǾǣΪʲôǶùġ
ѧϰ
Ǹܵ顣
ϼҼҰĲһ˼ǷҪζȡȨƵ棬ǽ˺󣬸ȥӴκ˵ĻᣬҲȥĻᣬֻҪ統õĹ߰ˣ
Ϊҽ飬ҽģȴҲֻܴЩɥĵϲҲʶĲԾڡ
ΪжЩڹƳ棬ڹƳ˵ﾹȻĶһЩİ취ǾΪ
ŵʱ֮Ƴģңڲɫ֮䣬̹йع顣
ΪǸʱ֪µİֻǱ󣬳綼ǻᱻƵģʱ򣬹ƳһǱҵЩųǻЩ˼޹
ϣѵеˣ뿴ںɥ
ԣŻ͵͵ĽƳйص飬һЩ򵥵ĽƷ֪
ΪҪⱻ꼰޹ڸЩ㹻ˡ
Ϊ鵱ʱĺأҲΪ˱֮Լû̸
һĹ
𶼲֪顣
ҵˣûϼҽõʱֶҪ˻ҪԵ
ΪںˣԲŻǴĵ﷢˸ı䡣
ңݸıǰ㶼ųġ
ԣŻ Ըðűҵ˴Σգй¶Ķ֮ûиΪԸ̫ǲʺϸЩġ
Żѡ
Ϊϣڹؼʱ
ɫӵٶȿ֮վǽԼʵ뷨˵˳̬ȼģɣ
С񡣡
ô룬ҵʼնǵǸңһϤչҵҪߣҲ㣬˺㣬Ҫӹߣ
Ļ˵ľ
֪ǽⱾҺ֮飬ǷǷǣǵʱԼ˵ˣǱԼɣ
Ŀƣ˵ЩֱӽҪ˵Ļˡ
ǰ
飬˵ģ
ֻеˣŻʸȥе˭˭ˡ
˽ûûʸһָֻš
˭ûʸ
ϣκɡ
һʱ֮侹վԭأ֪ôźˡ
˷ӦԼ´ãǴǵ»ص޵֮ڣȥκεı飬Ըٺ˵κһ仰
ߺߵЩǰΧǰһơ
εҧŴ󼴱ĿǲģȴҲ޿κΣתȥ
һҹǱʹҵļƻվ˿ˣ
á
Ȼ㵽ԼҪѰģҲȻǻ뵽תƵһµİȫλãԼ֣ߣ
ԣ֮Ҳûмˡ
ǣ벻ǣΪ̫˽Ϊˣԣµ綼ҵһҹڷߵʱӪ
ֻҪԼǰȴ㲻ٹȥѰˣ
ԡ
ѹûнתһµĵطɽڵ޵ҡ

1873 ˲˵

ˣڼ֮˵ôĻ֮Ҳ˼þòƽǺòƽ޲ĺ˲䱻һʯ룬ԭƽһ棬˲޷Կء

ҹɫ
ǲɢ˹֮һڴϡ
ʱȻֻʲôû˵ƾֱЩԾ
Щ׼ȷ˵ӦǺܲԾ
Ҳ˵ĵﲻԾĪ˾治̤ʵ
ǡ
ڽ˵ҪιԼ޵ʱô⣬Ȼʱû˵ʲôҲûʲôǾҹ˾ʱǻعζǸǻл
ڡ
ǸﵽʲôҪԼ˵
üĽ
¶ôҲ˯ŵġ
ۼɫѾˣѰʱȲĹԼˣҲ֪Ϊʲô¶ʱҲûйԼ
˻ɵ鶼һҲǱԽԽ治̤ʵˡ
ڣڴһ֮һ֮ȻĴӴȼ޵ĵƣңҲǲĳŰֵǸܳ˹ȥ
ڰĪǻ˴־壬ڵһһܷǸߴЩȥȥٵʲôߵģͬʱԺиǳһӰ
ǵǡ
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ȥûкȷ˵˵飬棬ȥǸ֣ΪܿĽ޷ܵģ
һֱԺвϵĴܣʶʹ֮£бŵԣе⣬ش
ŵ鼮󣬺ܶҲʶֵġ
üĴһᣬʵǿܵʲô쳣ǰԼϵıҲǸűЩ
׽
ĵٶȳϵһ飬ϧһ
ɵһǰŵıҲ֮
ǵԼˣ
ǵĻԽԽ϶ܶҪȥ һĲԼҲڳ֮е飬ԼǲӦôģȻ Ϊһûйô࣬ǿʼʵ̫Ӧˡ
С
˿ĺãҲֻǸŻһιʹ޵Ӧֻǵĺ档
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š
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Ҵһ㣬Ű취ı˵ԼʱǰСǰı΢
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žણ
žણ
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ε̾һȴʵʵĶڵϽЩ鼮һһ 
û취
ֻȽЩ鱾лĻһЩ鱾ڷŵ˳򣬽е鼮ڷŻȥˡ
ȻĻҲûİ취ˣ
ܿ죬һ鼮ҲܿıϣȻ
ϵЦݻδ׵ŵʱ򣬱˲佩ӲϣͬʱٲȻ鼮֡
˼̫أܶ࣬·ʱûп·ײϵܴ
ϵȫײˣΨһȴǰ仯ûС
ܶɻ󣬹ʹıȥֳǱ鼮˹ȥ
ôһ˲䣬ܶɵġ
ʵڲͣĸȥ˫ȴ˭˵ʲôҲܿơ
վ һᣬ˫޳ָõٲȻ鼮棬󡭡
֣ǵûа취鼮ǡ
Ǳ鼮ǿԱŲġ
֨¡
֨¡
鼮Ų֮ۼѰʱֻͨһǽڣȴͻȻ֨֨µ죬ǽڡ
ֱӱš
žડ
ŵЩոձ鼮һκ׵ĵڵϣǽŲʯңɫҰףŵĳʯߡ
ʺ޵סôãȴʼնûзԼ޵Ȼǲһ˵ҵģ
Ҫֻʾŷϵ쳣Լ˵ҡ
ŲĽŲÿһ¶ǰĳأܺҵڶԴʱ˵ʮǧǰ㡣
ڡ
Լ΢΢ŵ˫ȵҵſڵʱСҲ죬Щͷ΢̧
ΪǸҪԼ

1874 ԭ˰

̧ͷʱ򣬿ǵӰŻôĲͷ
Ƕ࿴һ۶öġ
ѾɫӦϢʱˣȻ氵գʱˣҲһЩɣǲÿɫѾжϳ쵽ǺŵĻŵġ
ϢʱϢʱ˴ϡ
仹ԼǸ
ڵǲãû뵽ǣĿŷŭ̧ͷʱȷʵպÿһžʧɻڿԼ
վŵ

ʱ̲סԭ棬Ȼһ֪ңѾǹ𾪵ˡ
û뵽ȻٿʯȻһŮӴڵʱ
ҴǸŮӵòбܿŮӵòԼȻǰơ
𱻹ʱѾܶˣİղ⣬˵òҲǸſήǵŵʱǰ㽿ͬһƲۡ
ڹǲƤ
ǴڵɢɢòΪⰵյʵЩۿۣվܿòġ
ǣվſڵͺһģһôܻ᲻ʶԼأ
ԭˡ
ԭˡ
Ȼվſҧһ仰û˵Ǵʱ˫ȴˮ
ҲǾȵѾƬ֮ͬǧһܣˮֹסĴۿе䣺ԭˡ
ԭ
Գʣһ˲еɻȫ⿪ˣֲͻȻһĳ̬ĶԼᡣ
ֲҪԼһʢĻΪ˳Ļʺ
ֲõڻʱһ۱㿴Լʲôû˵ֱӽԼӻͳ
ֲÿ͸ڿһˡ
ϲȴԼ׽Լ׽ȴģﵽĵǰ㣬֮ž롣
û߽һ㡣
ֲáֲá
һ̡
ǰ⣬ڶ˴𰸣ǾΪܹʯߵŮˣԼһģһȴкܴͬŮˣ
ԭֻһˡ
ֻʯŮ˴ڵһˡ
ˮԾĴۿе䣬δεˮ̡
ʼѾ΢Ĵ㣬ֻҪߣǲʲôݣĸԸġ
̰ĵİһЩܻҪࡣ
ڲߵʱ˼ֻһߣĵˣߵʱȴҪӵࡣ
ҪҲϲϲ
Ҫֻһ˵Ĵڡ
Ҫͷϡ
ô΢ֶôЦһ뷨
ˣһ飬ҪĸʱŻˤԽҡ
ʼʲôҪҲʲôʧȥʲôʧ
ǵҪĸʱٶԵıǸʧʧ
ͳȻͬһ
ĲϾҪʼˣֻҪȵգҸŮ˵ˣ
Ҫһоȫʵˡ
ֻһ
һ̣Ȼ΢ĿʼڣҪԼûôĺģҪסԼ֣ȥȥ룬ǲͿ԰ȵ˯һȴĲ䡣
ֻߣǲǡ
Լʱ򣬾͸ʲô룬Ҳʲôֱߡ
ôؼʱ̣ȴ֪ʹһ֣ԭԼֻǸ
ٶԼ繣ֻ͸һ˰ˡ
ܵᣬ׼ȷ˵ӦöʯŮ˵ģֻǲ֪ΪʲôϲŮ˾ͽǰΪǲúõһ
ҪһǼԼ
һԸģЦǺе飬Ҫǻƽһ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ߣվԭأĿȻˮȴûӱܵĿʯǵе
޾ɻ޾Ĳʣ֪ԼǸҲ֪ЩǰҲ֪Ϊʲô
죬ԼǱҪ˵Ļ׼˺üΣȴȫ˻ȥ
ܲԼָǱ
Ȼͬһ㡣
ԭһĵѹʱ򣬾Ȼ޶ݳޡ

1875 ׻ĵ

ûжϣҲǶԼû֪֪֮䲻ģҲûҪΪĻʺ󣬿һһָ
ֻҪϲôǲԼǰʲôݣΨһ˵ģҲΪһһεû뿪뿪ʹȥԼӦùӡ
ÿһζĺ
ڣʵǲпģĴΪԼ֯һõξ
޷׵Ľʵࡣ
ԱڿʱһҲкܶ࣬д󣬾ȣ𾪣лɡ

ЩҲ֪ΪԼⰵյʯ棬̫ûмˣΪǰ滨ŮӵòԼãҲ΢΢һĨ㵵ͷġ
֪Ůˡ
ڱһ㡣
ÿõʱ򶼻ǰŪܴ죬һ㡣
ǰʱװһܺúܹĵģ
֪ҵǸŮ˾ȻԼòƣֱһ
ԼδɥʧежϵĻµǻὫϳΪԼǸˡ
ֻǰŮΪλԼòƣѵǡ
ͻȻ룿һܲõͷ
ȥ֮ǰΪ˱ةľ֮һ˫ŮΪԼϵڱҵЩ׷٣һ˫ŮҲϾ˼ɡ
еһŮฮةȥչˣһŮҪ߽ͻصŸչ˵ģֻϧǸŮûͻŸõչ˵ʱ򣬱
ֻ֮ܽŮ԰
ѵǰŮŮ
һˣ
һǲҲǱ쳣ļҪŴӿҪĽԼĻɺʹʳϧʵ̫ˡ
Ī˵һĽԼеʶʳӶõԼҪõĴ𰸶ģҪԶ֣¡
ݵĿһֽһ紵űǻᱻɢ
ڿһûܴվˤصϡ
Ȼ΢΢ҲǱһǺܿѸٵǰ嵽ߣϷλá
Ƶˣѹ˶ίģڿҪҪʱ򣬻ǻĵԮ֣Ǹһ̶˵ӦԼУӦǲܹģڿʱ򣬻̲סһۡ
ǳ˶ٿ࣬˶ίŻúõһ˾
ǻδüȴֿήʻһ㡣
Ѱˣյڷдţ¶ǻñƵģЩȻǰŮˣƤƳӣɫݳǸӡ
Ӧʯͷġ
ܲ͸磬յʯš
ûмκεĻˣȥҲݳޣǰŮôӣôġ
㡭
ҧŴԥվȿ˿ڣģȻǺʹֵģȴҲö
ֻŪ鵽ô¶ҲҪף
Ҳǻĸĵġ
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ô嵽ô£
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ʣû뵽ĳԼߣԼϲһʵλãĸж̲סһů
ʲôݣܿǸĵĺúӡ Լȫץס½ǣûлش⣬ɳƵͬʮϸһʵˣ
ʲô֣
ˣ
ʲô֣
ʱ΢΢Щ㵺ģ˷ѾĻôȴֻԼʱ򣬱Щˡ
ô¶
ѵӦʲô
ӦΪʲô
ô
ոһͷֻǰ֣Ǻܿǽͷѹ˹ȥ
ˡ
һģһò˲ֻֻء
ߵŮ˿ԼʱļΪԼߡ
ǡ
ѲŮǺֻʲôϵ
Ժĳô뷨
һܷƶ
һˣ

1876 ҼŮ

ֻΪȻĴ̫ˣһʱ֮ûзӦҲֻĴڣ񽥽ҲǻˣŷĶߺͲԾ
ΪʲôʲôҲ˵ֻ⿪ڱʳԼöô仰ѵǽԼϳֻ
ֻǰŮһʲôϵģֻǾʲôϵ
ѲĸŮ
ӦĸŮģ¼ĸŮ˭ܳأ
ԼӦǸɡ
֪ʲô˵һ㣬촽΢ţԼҪʵҲǳ׵ıԺˣǲϴˣ
ҲŮ
еģֻǶѾΪһˡ
ˣʵǼŮġ
㳤һģһӦŮûˣһңҲǺ㳤һģһ
֪ôֻͣܳ˵Լ⾡̵ľӸ˵ڵ
ǰȻԼŮЩЩµĻʱȷʵ˸׵ģҲ˽ǰ
ǾǣĪԼڵʯҵŮˣԼŮ
ԼŮ档
ԼŮںη
Ǻأ
ʵ˵ʵһġ
ΪĹϵǰǰĹϵں
ǰԼƵԼŮôʵڲžǸҵһϵûȥԼŮˡ
ǵĴʧ
ڵһǲ룬ҲӦ֪ⶼһ߻ġ
ҺòԼŮҺҺãһ֮ȴǱҡ
˻Σգֻܿϵķ⣬ȴ˽⣬֪ʲô˼顣
Ϊ˱˺ܶ飬ҲǼǺġ
ȻҵһԼƵջã޷ԼڱԼôضԼҲ֪һ
ǡ
Ů᲻Σգ
Ůĸ
ǻϸꣿ
ĶһѵĻȴôؼʱһ䶼˵ֻܸżĵᡣ
һǸǿˣ׵ͷ
ҪǻѰŮӣܵǰ֮־뱯ѹеȴΪֻĬĬĽʵ
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Ա˱֮ȴ˵ʲôô׵ԭ¶Էֵȥеʹࡣ
ۣҲҪҧԷıԼʹٱǧ
ܻԼеʹࡣ
ңûõĽʽ
ǿƵŮˣӦԼˮǸ˺Լ˵Ѫˮֵ
һҼڵ֪ԼŮϢʱ򣬻̲סۿеˮ䡣
¼ĸ׶еͬı﷽ʽ
ںδʲô飬ʲôˣǵ棬ʼնǼǹԼĺӵġ
ҪΪԼһ˫Ůµʧֱʱ͸ˣգô衣
ᵽеļȺǷĸһ㡣
żʲô˵
ģʱûĻǽϱ㲻ˣǻʱ䣡
̲סǰο
ĵͷ
ҼǸĺĹֻֽǳ̫
ü룬Լ֪еҲżȴ˵ˣ
ֵֻʱ˲˭
ǡ
̫
Ǽ޸һϻʵ۲ųΪ̫ġ
ĿеľȣŷԼ˵ˣ̫ϻʺӢָвŻ֮ԻʱֱӽλøԼĶӣӦǲ뱻ǳҪԼӰɣ
Ҳܺãķϵܺã˵и˫ãھļúõأڽʱҲǡ
Ҳðɡ
˵š
һʧ䡣
ŵȴص˶档
и˫ãھڼúõأ˵ԼѶ԰ϸǱҵõˣҲǲ쳣վǴгһ˫Ůˣ
ۿеˮٶӿ˳ֻεˮȴǸˣ

1878 ̹໥

ⰵյʯôֻ꣬н죬˵ģ
֪Լһ˫ŮŵϢһ֪ڶѾӣúҸ
ˡ
㹻ˣ
ԼⱲûʲô£ûǷʲôˣΨĲµģǸճȴȲüĺֻǸ·ϣѶΪܱסϸꡭ
Ϊһĸ׵ʧְ
ûоһĸ׸еΣһ˫ŮںСͱʧȥĸ׵İͱӣĻҲҪ˼֡
ֻϸ˶˺õĹ֮ǿŵҲǿԷˣ
ҪΡ
ģ滹ǻ𣬸εģҲͬǻΣֻǷǣҶǺ͵ǻ˺ܶˣҲİ
ûΪԵʣŮҲûΪԵʶŮҲԼòҡ
ͺá
㹻ˣ
㡭
ѾԼҪ˵Ļ˵ˣûκεıҲǵӦ̹ʱˡ
ŴǷ׵Ƕʲôһ㣬Ѹٵתص޵֮ڣҴҵ˲ˮιżɫתܶࡣ
ģһ˱ʯ棬Ҫһˮþȫö֮ҲǻΪҪԼٳԵͷȥԼϵǿڿʵʱ
һȵĲˮ븹˲Ǿ˺ܶ࣬ϵɫҲǸź
Ǻע֮£ԣҲûκĵطԻ˼֮󣬱Ѱ˸λãڿϣҪ֪Ҳ޾ϸͬš
ҽǳҡ
֪ܲţǽΪµһžͿˡ
ԪҲеĻϣΪĳЩѵļƻ֮У󡭡ҲȻͬǰ㣬ˣǺݰ¶ѶߣңΪ˱ҵƭ֮ǱǴˣݵĳˣ
ЩǶôľĶǣǶôʹ飬ֿµУȴȫǱĥȥǣҲûôҪˡ

ЩʱȥǰԼνļ־ȻǻеЦġ
ΪʲôԼô벻Ȼ֪ԪƭԼĸ飬ΪλҪ׷Ųţں淢ô飬ֶô˺
ˡ
վǴ˰
Ҳǻزȥ˵ģ
Ҫǵûд׷ĻڵһǺҸģҵİۻˣ׵ϣԼĹ⺢ӣ֣֮㣬˺öʱ䡣
˺öʱ䡣
ⰵյʯöʱ䡣
תعͷʱ򣬷Ѿ´Ҵң׺ɣˣ
ǰЩҲôĲҪ
ƽ˵źԼɵĻһ
һʧ֣Ǳץڻʹ棬ôȻûֱҪҵģȴҲǲϽҷߣͬʱ֮ԽһֱѺһҪԭǾǣΪ˱͵һҪĶôȥûҵҪҵĶ
ԭ
Ȼ˵ʱƵᣬ˵ŸԼصһȴɾ𺳵ģǴ赭дЩʱ򣬶õ˽ֵĹ̸Ƕôľʡ
㡭
ܶĳɣʵǺѵġ
һòģΪ棬ԸȴźܴĲ죬Ӧ˵ǲ죬Ӧ˵ôŬ׷Ƿ
ҪôǱǺңҪôǾǶϵĳס
ֻҽԼе鶼ĵ棬׵Ķ𣬸ı¶ǡ
ĸ飬ȴǸٹ̵ġ
ڶûаˡ
֪Ĺǰ㣬ûѯʣش
Щĥʱ棬𱨸֮󣬱ʱʧӰˣ
˵ЩȻôһ˲䣬ԼǺҵġ
ǲϲġ
ϲģȴҲûа취һˣ
һˣǻǸ˵Ķñ΢
͵СµǸӵСˣֻҪںĸ濴һǰϣ÷㡣
ڣٿǰ󣺡ܲһæ
Ҫ뿪

1879 뿪ɣ

ɫ
ʵ̫õʱˡ
ôõҲ֪浽ôˣ
С
ң
ֻҪԲŻ׷Ųš
ǵ׷ţķҵЩʱȴǲҵЩ˵쳣ҲǷҵЩ˵ҰĻйƳģ
ԡ
ŻעʱǸε׹͵͵ĴߣҴԼĵӡ
Ҳ֪Сˣ
湬Ĵ֮û׳ûм̳뷨ȥΪУЩ˵ļƻ
ϧһֱϷأƽһܲ͸磬յңһնҩĪ˵Ҫȥʩչ书ˣվûС
ְ취ûߵĻᡣ
ǾͰǰġ
£ҲΨһĻˣ
㰧ĿԼһ˲ǳɵģޱȵϣ뿪ܳ׵ʧǰֻԼһ˵ˣ
ҲûܴԼˣ
ǣдĳɡ
Ǿǣܾô㽫ߣ
Ͼֹˣ֮ĸ׿ϲͰ㣬Ҳ޵ģҲԼ˵ˣĶŻһֱģ
ҪôĽ˵Ļʱεĺ
һǻԼģ
һǻΪʲôûб£Խң
Ϊʲô˽ԵĽˡ
ʵ˵ʵ
һжǶֻΪ֡
ҡ
ǲҵġ
߾ǰļûģСѰʱʲôûһ˵ֱԼֺοڻҪĴ
ǲҵġ
ĿĶϣץסһһ㣺ˡ
Ҫȥ
Ҳ뿪ʱУʮȥˣĻᶼûУڣˣˡ
߰ɣ
һȥҵŮһмģ
𣿡
Ҫǻİ취ȻǲΪġ
ֻѡ
ҡ
еĿǻҺ;ᣬʵĲ֪ôźˡ
㽫ߣֱĸˡ
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ԥĵʱһЦȴǾԵҵ𣬶Ǵ
Ҫߣ԰
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޼ɵЦĳ˿谵⣬ǰõӰòҲǽĳ˵ǰ
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ЩʽǱŵ걻ؽҵʱӡ󣬿ôʱȥԼò Щı仯ˣֺοˡ
ǰǵĿŤӰˣǱˣ
ǸҧгݶϼҼ
ڸտϼҼʱ򣬵ȷ˫Ŀɻ󣬵ǵϼҼ߽ʱб㿩һ˲ǰ˵ݡ
㣡
΢΢Ŵ㵣ϼҼȴǲܲ˵ֱǰɷĽϵץ޲õĹͷץ顣
˻
۵ĵһϼҼȴûаϧ񣬷޵ĿУǲľܾüۼֱӽӹץ
˭
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״ɵþҪǰϼҼĿƣκϼҼĶ֡
ϼҼǱϼҼֱ˦һˡ
飡
ͷݺݵײ˴ţѪ˳Ҳǳ׵Ļԣûʶ
ͫ΢ţĿϼҼô겻 һıɣ
Ů˶֣ʲô£
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ô˵ڴϼҼĿʹ
ԭϼҼǶ֮ǣû뵽ټʱҪЦ䡣
ϼҼǽҲǳ׵ʧˣ
ϼҼֱ̧𼸰ƣű͹˲˼ӡӣ
Сˣ
ѾزȻҵǰ
ϼҼ˫죬ǳ޵ȥ
ڻʹĵϣһлǺΣյģȻѾҵôֻҪ뿪ʹ֮ԶΪΪˣ
ųȥ֮ôʰ㣡
ߣ
ϼҼһǾԵĴ޵ߡ
˭֪

1880 ˽ʱ

ϼҼ²ΪԼɹҵ𣬲һԽߵʱԭڵĻʳǣ˲յڵҹյ硣
ϼҼҲ³˵֮ڡ
ڶƻҪһɫۣĴ΢΢һĨĻȣĿƺҪһиһ㣬ĵĿϼҼ
޵˭ڱ˷ˡ
ԭǸ󱲰ˣ
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ϼҼ֮ĳޣǿҪ׷ݵ˵ʱˣ
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ϼҼĿ׺ݣʹĿǻͼѰܴһߵĳ·Ҳܺһߵĳ·ô
ڱҪʱ򶪵ΪԼĵҲδ֪
ϼҼݵļƻκΣȴں֮ʱһӰѾϢĵ󣬿ЦϼҼһ˫ɺ˫˺Ѫ˿
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ƴǽֻԼȴǾԵǰ˫˫ڡڣӦûл˵˰ɣ
ǺǺǡ
ǺǺǡ
ǰͻȻıʣЦ˳ЦдżǸԳ
ΪԼһӶǻ㾡ѣȴû뵽ͻһȺΪˣһֱԼϷڣҲǵһжʱˣ
۾Ŀ
ƴǵ˵˼ǷǱЮֵϣȴȺУһ۱㿴ǵϤӰ
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ΪǶ㵽ʲôطˣû뵽һʼ۱һֱڱĬĬıǣǵѾزϼҼʱӦҪԼ
ԲŻһɱϼҼ˰ɣ
ڿŵϵϼҼʱ һʹǺܿ죬ĨʹˣΪҪǰæƴǺҵ⿪ƳĽҩС
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ǣĶȴǲаֵĵ
ಡ
ĻգʳЩҧͬļʸֿ

1881 మ

ƴǺ۵Ӱ֪֮Ѿ໥Ȼʲôû˵ȴǳĬǼʸķʱ򣬶һԾֱֱĳƽ
ҪЩҵİԸԼƴǺҲǳصģ
ȻʣôͲܹۺƴ˲塣
ܹԶˣ
ͬʱͲһԾҲǳڵķ˹
ֻۺƴ˵ǣۺƴ˵Ŀϣ˵Ŀϡ
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һս˲ڻʳڱ
ѩ̫ӣ̫һԽ˸ϸ
̫ޱȵ̫ӵ£Ӧô죿
Ӧð˭أ
ȿ˵ɣҪʱ϶ Ҫƴǰ̫ӵ±õʱҲǴЩļȵġ
ѩʱĸĳ˵ţҪлᣬһҪЩвѩҵЩ˶ʰˡ
ڣ֪ݱҵˣĵǻҲҵı֮ǻԼ
Ȼƴˣ
ã
̫صĵ˵ͷ˵ĿǽĶսϡ
ܾХƴǺ˵Ӱͬһںҹдйƶȷ˽ĲܿƣǣڱƳռ֮ǰȴԼѡģ
ǲΪԼҲҪΪ˻ȥ˶Ҫ
뵽⡣
ƴǺ˵۹⾹ˢˢĻͷŵϵӰ
ЦѪǱǸѡйƵ˰ɡ
ҵЩε鵹ǰúƯûʧ
ƴǺģûаļɵԵú˷ܡ
ƳϾҪ׵ķˣŲε׹ҲҵĶ֡
ңܿ죬ǱҪҵʹΪҵūʱ»ҪΪҵˣ
ҼӰ֪ʲôʱĳ֣Ǿһۺƴ󺰣ŵĹƳĸƣֻҪǸɱˣôǹƳȻȻĽ⿪ˣ
е˶֪ΪʲôؼʱҼҪȻһսۣڹ¾ս
飡
ͣͣ
Ҫ׵ʹǣҲҪȵһղУ
ƴǺ۵ӰĳȥӰýͣȴҲ˿ƴǺ˵ٶȡ
飡
۳ؿڴȥܿץֱۡ
ƴǳĺ󱳹ȥȴҲǱһױܿתƴǵϥǡ


Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬱ƴǺ˵ҲǴСС˲ٵ˺ۣЦݱԽ
ƾǼҲҶ̫ˣ
ǹԹԵ־ܣҵĲǲʱҲܿ࣡ţ˫ɢžĿҰĲ
Ѩüģ
ۼۺƴƵʱ򣬺ҹв֪˭ôһǽֹסЦݣǱɫҰס
ƴǺ໥һۣмҧг
һΣ
ǵĿҲǺȷˣڹĵطĿֱָüģ
꣡
꣡
غѾмܲסѪ˲ҵļڹؼʱĿһ
ꡪ
ѪȾ졣
û뵽ԼȻҼ͵Ϯ
ƴǺ۵ӰڵϣֻȻͬҼԵǰ㣬ȥһ˲䣬ƴϵȻʧ
üۼЩѪ˿ҲȻȥ
Ƴ⿪ˣ
ǽ⿪ˣ
һ˲䣬ƴҲǸЩֻͲȲ˵˵ĻС
ۣ
ƴǣ
һߣҼѸ׹䣬ҲһʵҧǴӴǼô仰
ȥɣ
ڴѶǲҵٶܵǰشôһҪһ
ҼЦݹ죬ǸڵĽͻصֻߣʹļ׵ ڣһеĹ̫̰ġ
֮ǰҵʱ˷ˣǴҵƺˣ
ǽ˸λֽͽˣҶԣҲһϲ£
ƴǺ򴽲ҼʲôǣתǣԼİ˵֣Ŀж鰮
·మһʱ򣬱˴֮Ҳݲκεˣκεˣ
ҵ˵ʲô㡣
ҲǲĽˡ
ǲǻʲôıڵǡ
ֻҪ˴మһֱһֱһôϱҲûκˣκܽİ˸ֿ
㹻ˣ
ȫꡣ

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