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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ
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1 

Сžʹӵ
ĿǸɿݵĲݣ仹һ˵Ϣ
ɽ
С̲סһ˲
ļķ籩ѵǺӣĺڶ
ԭΪǱˣû뵽Ȼлһ죬ĿȴɨԱߵޡ
Ϊ̫ڻ谵֮ǰûע⵽ֻݹ᾵Сޡ
СԱ߿ȥֻֻкܶ࣬һİţǿһ
ͻȻģСԺһЩ档
Ժļѩ䣬ĵط׶סȫ޸ĸĹ¶̡
ԭΪռӼȥˣǻеΪǿ룬ֱӾͻˡ
ǵģħģÿ嶼ԼıħЩħֻڻ֮ſʹãûоһأǻüѵ
ܻܲ˺ʳشĹϵûԱĻѻ
ֵһǣѩȻĲ䣡
ѩսǲ˵ģԸոյģǹսûðԭܳԵĶ̫ˣǿսȻ
С߳ɽ۵ȫõ
ĽŻû̧ɽͼ洵һ磬һˡ
ˣ
ĵˡ
С㿴汻ѹŵֻ׻˶ϵĶϴүĲ֮󣬱һˡ
յĶڵϿһƺ񣬵ʲôû˵ʰ˶
ʰ֮󣬼С㻹վԱߣ룬һƤŵĶóһСԣ
㶣ͼѸٵİѶźãԼһ޹óһԡ
ȻǱС㷢֣ġ
΢΢ü˿Ծķ˺ܾõɣҧһڣӲ̣ʯͷһҧ
ڳԼ֮󣬿С㻹ڣʱ˵ûŶٳˣ㻹ĻֻܺһԱӣܱ
СĿҡлл㡣
û£Щոս̣֪ºЦЦ
ʱ洫˳ֵأȥˣΪžͿԲǮ峤
һŵվڲ󺰴š

2 ծ

Щ˴Ҳô˵ǱȲҪá
С΢һ۾ȥѵʱ峤̻ǮϢܸߣǵʱѾɽˮˣûǮĻǾͶҪˡ
ǰСɽ濴Сǣǲ̣ҲǲֻǻĻĸһСĿܾˡ
ȥֻһңꡭ
СĿɨһܣưĶȫˣܳһöӲҰɣ
ң̫ˡ
Сһֱ䰡
λôãѾܾûмĲˡ
峤ȥʱ˵ý껹ģϽģծŭţǳĲá
ʱѾм˹ȥˣҲˣû취̫ˡ
ٸһʱɣϾͳȥԡ
峤ʱһֱԣû˵ġ
ǺԺ˵Ųһ׳ծͷţҷ
һİۻȥҵʱɲô˵ģ
ǰǮ㣬ѶǣǾôرǵҪǺ𣿡
ʲôиʱ䣬ʱˣǵʱأ˴ŭ
Ŀɨһ׵ĵطǱĲùѩ岻аò׵ȵɽˮˣҪٲŪսʿȥԺͲһĻˡ
ѩ峤Ȼ֪Ǹϻ쵰ûûҹˣʲô飬ҪĿɲҲʲôңЩսĻսʿ
ֻҪЩսʿ͵ӪǱߣٽҶ򱶵׬ˡ
ĿЩתһȦк⣬ô˵һҪŪʮսʿߡ
ǵʱһҵģǺ̻ҲʲôǮ̻ᣬûôѾһˣǲܳﵽһҵġ
Ǻ̻ҲʲôɥˣɣһһңֻҪˣԹˡ
ĿЩ˵֪ɣҵʱҲܽٸһңֻҪʮ˾ˡ
⡭峤ڣһ¡һ껢˵
㣬ʱɲȻҲȻõĻǮϻˡ

3 

ȵȡ
С̲סߵЩ˵ǰ
תͷһǸûСӣ˵СҪ졣
С˵һһҵ飬ǲͬġ
յĻ岿䣬С͵ˣȻ֮˭˭ľͲһˡ
ϾһˣȻ岿Ǯġ
С̾һλ潻ǰ굱еģȻ龰ҪЩɵӱ˸ˡ
û˵ķݣһȥЩŭˡ
ǲκԼļƻģЩǶѾԥˣС˵һ£Ȼɫּᶨ
ǣΪӵԭΧĻѾˡ
ʱЩ߳ŭˣɫǲҪ֪ô峤ΣûǮ
ȥɣ峤ˣһ˵ģǲ˵ĻỹǮġ¶Կûʲôɫǲ˶᲻ӣȻ˸ˡ
ҪǷǮͰЩ˸ȥˡ
ĿһЩøʲôһĻ壬סеıģ˵ȻǷҪҾٵǼ죬ʱûжĽˣ峤ʱǩµԼڿء
ǣҪΪˣ
Ǻ̻Ҳǳصģÿ㻹Ǯ
֪ĺˣʱǮġµɫǳĲÿ֪峤ʱΪ˽ǮЩǩħԼʱħԼĻ峤͡
֪ͺãߡ
￴µɫ֪ԼǴѹˣżݻߵģʱôˣôпܱЩǸȥ
Ȼ˵㣬ʱʵЩǣȥһʮٸû⣬ҪǱʺյأҲ
ҲԼ޴ҪʲôأػǸѾϨ˵Ļ֡
ȻɵӾɵӣ崫вȥôѵﻹѾϨ˵Ļָȼǳջ˵Ρ
ڻΪһֻû̸ɫǣһߵˣЩʱ
ߣ´ʱǿҪħԼˣȻЩ˿Ҫ˵㻰ˡ
ŵ˳ȥȫָ
ڳĻȫɫѿ

4 

СȻǲ֪Լģף岻ǮĻô³á
Щ֮ڳĳ껢ɢˡ
ſȥϢⲢ˵෴ģǷǳڷܵսʿ֮ǰԵˡ
С޵ļпҪȥԶĵطԵĻһͷ۵ħЩħȻԲ׽ϵĶǺܺõģƤս£צͷҲкܶô֮ǷǳֵǮġ
ǻܹǳ˳ʶĿȻħ湩Ӧ󣬵Ƕڻ˵ȴֻǱһֵǮһ㡣
ЩħĻǺ̻ᡣ
뵽СЩҪˡ
ҪҪôӰ
С޵ļ֪һֻк̻ᣬǵĻûġ
̫Σˣһ˶͸˵չˣҲǺ̻˲ƴ֣ÿƸǿսʿħʦܹ
С㻹ȥǣʱĶѾĽˡ
ǰ߹һսʿԥһ£˻ϵһݱС㣬˵ԡ
С㿴Ǹߴ̵٣ٿŵĲݼɵıӣֽӹлл
ô찡
ʲôûУͳѨʱҵһƤŵġ
úó󡣡ǸŮսʿСͷ֮ѿһȻЦˡ
СߵɽӰ
еƷС˵
ΣУμϡ
С㿴ſƯŵһ֣Щ죬Ȼ΢ԪأǱе¼ֲѹָո˰ʱһۡ
˵⻢ȻǶ̵İǺõģԸԼţԸѳԵĸˡ
С֪ûģֻ˵˲⣬ֲЩȴ׵İʳｻֻΪˡ
ŵ׿ռ䣬һҡС㵭Ȼ˵
ΣѾɡ
ΣѾ
ϵͳСһ춼ûУǸ߼λˣ˵ˣȥˣġ
εһ͵һҡ
Сôѽҽĳˣͼһֻë׵С̣Բ۾һĿ
С㣺

5 峤

𣿡
С׻ЩĽĿС㣬ԲͷԲԵģ۾ȫ棬Ҳ
СĬһ˲˵š
磬ÿ˻ܹģЩǶǿģǿĿɽǾ͸ûѲ࣬Ҳÿ˵ͬģЩҲǧٹֵ
Ǿսʿģһģ˵еĵһȫû⣬뵱꣬ǳưģ嶼Ҹ档
ϧͲˣķѸģûԵ壬ԽԽˣĻԻ;͸˵ˣ֮󣬾ֶϨˣ˵ܲҵһˡ
ŻҲû뵽ǧ֮嶼ˡ
Էû취Ա
С̾һСһĻͷ˵ȳȥˡ
áС׻Ӧһſȥ˯ˡ
С˳ȥѾˣôһȥԵİɣʲôãҪˣģ߲·
߳ɽС
Զӻˡ
죬ȥûʲôҪæġ
峤أôû峤
һ˳ȥ¾ûӰˣСԭأٶ̫ˣӰӶ׽
ܿģЩȥֻˣһĳء
˰ŵһߣ̧ߣ˷峤
С̧ͷȥ峤ǸرĬ껢ͷˣһ޴˿ڡ
˿ӦħɵģΪڸոյУͿһͺܴ󣬿ȥ֪Ѹ㶨ľޡ
峤̻ˡصһ˵
Щȥǣٰɡ峤Ĭһ˵
С㿴Ƭ̣ͼһϬĿɨĿ䵽С֮ˡ
ӰǶˣԵģӡºʹ˵
ǣ峤ǽӡ껢˵
ǵš
ģǰ濴ɽģûԵģȷʵӦöˡ
Ҿ˵Ǵˡ
У峤Ӯˡ
ỢҪúüǵǲУѾˡ
˱˵ߣСĬ

峤մ

6 

ͻȻģһ󵨵ͷСԺ
Це峤Ǳȥ峤öսʿֻħޡ
峤ʱѾһֻϻˣոշϢսʿѾȥˣ̧ԲԲĻĿӦһȥɡ
һֻСܻʲôֻõ㶫ɡ
װںצӣԴſȥ˯
֮ͬСŴӣߵֻոɱħ
˿ΧսʿߵһͷսʿߣѴӽ˹ȥ峤ҹģһǧңҪֻħ޴ߡ
ɶ㡱ΪֻճɽǶˣҶԣԼó⧲ľôϢ
ҡСѽҵ˹ȥ
㡰ŰɵĽӹӣһסˡ
ǽң
ôĽң뱲Ӷûмġ
ǰȥңԶϱߴ򹤣һˣҲŴңô࣬ô࡭
ȫ֪һǧǶ٣ϵĺöడ
㡢ģ𾪵ĿС㣬Щʵ
ҵСĬ
Сô˵ʱЩͬ飬̣һԱûУһ̣ЩССϲãҪˣǺðǲˡ
㡵ˣֻһֱû˵ҲȥʱѾˣһսʿ˺󵨵ֱ֣ӴӶӳǱ߰ѴӸˡ
ҿ
ҿÿ㡣
ǽ𣿡
Բۣô࣬Ƕ٣
ո˵һǧһǧǶٸָ
汿ָҪѽֺһġ
ۣǽң
һֻεĳ껢壬ץһһöҾˣһţ׼ҧ˽ҵıԵȻֻˡ
ͽȻΣŵĴ½ңǣġ
𣿡ԱߵĻսʿǣһȫˡ
ǿ㡣ҲһŨŨĲţ˵̫ˣֻҪʮҾͺˣ̻Ҳۡ
һʹİѽһɣɲ£ܲ°
Ҫһǧҵģ̻ƭˡС˵
ǣ𣿡ڶе˽ˣʲô˵ʲôһˣ˵ȥ峤
Сһ㶣ѵУ
㡣Ϊ˵𣿡
ǣҵ̫ˣʵʵ˵֣СԴԺӡ

7 ѯ

峤ܿͱˣԲԲ۾ĿħޣֿװŽҵĴӣ֪ĽҺܶʱ۾ԲˣСϡ
ģʵ
ǵģ峤ǰ˵ġС㲻˵
ε峤˶䣬ʹҲóɫʮֵ࣬˼ʵϷ˺ܳʱĴ֮˵ӵġ
С㰵һڣøˡ
ȻⲻöҲһֻոձΣǺӦĳ껢壬ƺŶž͡ϰˡ
׺ܿˣΪħ޸ܴսʿܹС㣬Ҫֻħ޷ŵȥ
С룬˵ˣġ
˵꣬Ͱħյ˿ռԱߵ㡵һռ䴢
ǣӦ
룬ǲаĿռ䴢ģЦݣ˵Ҳ˰ɣȥϢ
˵ţӿڴóһǲսʿǶеģΪ˷ֹŶӵʱûÿսʿ϶ᱸż
С㿴Ӳģҧҧ̫˵ǿȥԵ𣿡
ŻȻ򣬿峤µ԰塢峤ǿȥԵˡ
һǧҰָӽֺģǿܶĶ԰ѲõĶˡ
첻öˣ첻ˣǣ̫˰
˵
һȥ𣿡Сʵ
λ潻ǾõģҪģҲΪ˹ҪֹԴС㻹Ҫȥߵ絽ôµġ
룬ǲ֣챻̫ɹ¶ϴӣ̫ˣǰؤûôҵġ
ûйԣܶĿûˣҪúõĻѹִУΪŹǳĴˡ
аɣϡ㡿ڽṩķϣ󷽵ĴӦˡ
֣ʮңֲ˱˵ģɹóʮҺֽ顣
¶ˣǽƽϵģȫսսսʿ
ӲҪʲôݵĻǴžˡ
Ϊһսʿôȱ˲ģС֪Ϊ˿ǡ

8 

ʱ򣬲սʿ˴룬ʣ̡
㡵˱һֻֻ޴ϻСһˣô죿
໡
㡽һС֪ˡ
Ѹ㡵ıȻһϻһ
ʱЩ䣬ХĴСϴŲ۾ˣͷһֱëˡ
˺ܾõ·мͣϢʱ򣬴ԼʮСʱŵĿĵء
ͣСıһлˡ
ôɫôףɻ
𣿿ǲӦɡСҲû뵽Լʻôһ·Ͽ˵ͦܵˡ
߰ɣȥûϲĶ˵
Ѿܶˣģ˶ܿ壬ʼʱСΪһıδеˣֲǵġ
ʵСģһСıҵڴˣҲͰ͵ģǾãԼϵ·ȻֵǮ
ʵǿģ»ȥǽǮȥ껢嵽ǮɰЩ˸һˣ˭֪ʲôͱҰ˶˸䣬ָҰһǻ岿һء
̯ĶСûмˣ̯Ǿ޴ҶڵϣŸָĶ
С㶼ˣæתͷ㡡
㡵һ죬˵ǲĻûˣܶطǽȥģ̫ΣˣŪöˡ
ĿӣٿԱܹľӣԱһССķۣ˵ϲ𣬺̶ܶϲ
СһûмЩСԴкܶĽңѡһԼϲġ
С㿴۷ۣ⡣
ߵսʿóˣûڣͱСֹˣҲҪҧʵġ
á
ȥԶһʨſڵϣҶϷһֻ޴࣬С㲻֪ʲô֪ܳԡ
ΪԭС㱾֪ܵЩܳԵģЩġյθǿҵĿ
ҪС˵
ãһ˵ġ㶣ˣС㱾֪Ϊʲôңʱ򣬾֪ԭˡ
ô𣿡
˹ģȻͼģȷʵҡһֿǸһ˵

9 ǰ

Ҽǵãϴʮң͡
ߵսʿСһۣЦȥȽѣĶ˵ֲʳһѣԼڵôŹȥ
ǰС˹ǻڵģǲأԺ˾֪ˡ
Թˣ峤Ǵٽҳٵ⡣
ǰܹòǶԳԺõˡ
ܴȥܶܶܶ⣬ҵָӽֺ꣬˵ֻκġ
ǲðˣʡԼ㣬˵궼ˡ
ǰǰǶЩûôˡ
սʿһϲЦտģ˵Ͷϲ£ˡ
СԽԽŹ֣ȵȣܶ⣬ǡĶأ
˵ʲô㲻׵ĿС㣬ǿ峿£źÿɫ
˵ӣӣʲôġС˲õԤС
٣ЩҪʲôɲܱƭˣԵĲҪġŶˣҪΡˬʵЦЦǣС֣ڵȥߣȥܶóԵġ
СЩɻЩȻ
Щһͷβû
ҲˣֻҪгԵģѾܺˣС㲻аӦ
ܿģһ˾ߵ棬ǸָⶼС
ҪһֻĲʷＦͷСһ㣬ĲʷＦˣ㡲Ŵźıһֻá
ȵȣ㡣ǼֻʷＦС˵
ԻģЩ
ǻĴȥ㰡Ȼô˵ţǱţҪģҲࡣ
㡣ʷＦʲôС̧ͷʵ
Ӱɣǰ˵ţǰĸ״ȥͲˣϨʱԽԽ
С㣬ЩۣһԱû
ܲܰѴԲʷＦԲʷＦһСӿȥץʲôģȻǳԲݵİɣǱ߲кܶˣʷＦԸºܶĲʷﵰһ̥üֻɣСô˵ţõĿԻͦġ
һֻüֻüֻһֱһֱǲкܶĲʷＦ𣿵ʱͲȥͱˡ
⡢⡭
㡻һԭܹ
սʿǵĻĿȫԲˣŵؿС㣬٣԰

10 ֳ

СĻһˣܳˣЩŵĲʷＦþͱɱˡ
ϾҶôɵģˡ
һ֮󣬼ϻŵĲʷＦöѾǸԲˣʹҲ࣬ʷＦ˶ʮֻû㣬ʮһֻ
ȫ֮սʿѾʼˡ
ʼµһսʿѿõĲʷＦ˷֣СҲֵ˲Сһ飬ܿóԼǱչˡ
ëûаεֱӿĻó
СͷϺںڵһ鼦⣬ָһ¿յθǳ˰ɡ
֮еĺѳԣô֮ǰúãСٵ̻ʵҧţֻꡣ
СȣҸ֮ɫ
ϵССһ㣬ģСǸովѵ̣ҪҲֵģϾˣ˲ʳˣ˷ֵĶҲˡ
ϴγԵʷＦǼǰˡһսʿҸ˵
ǰҶζˣζսʿţһ˫۾ֵС
óԣеζˡ
ЩϼһﻹˣľȥųսʿǵһγԵʷＦҪܳͺˣҲֵܷ⣬˸ǿ׳һ㡣
ҪÿԵʷＦͺˣʲôӰҲ˵
ӣζЦѣָҪЦϻˡֻҪ룬ˮʷＦʵ̫óˣһҲԸⰡ
˰ɣ˵ˣҲԸⰡ
Ϣ붼룬ҪҵĻҾţҪÿֻʷＦͺˣԲʷＦ̳á
㡰Щսʿȫѵһ٣ı顣
С㣺
ȳ˲ʷＦ󣬴ҾȫˣϾﻹкЩ˶ţҪȥС
С㿴СİѲʷＦڻǳ˳飬ѾѲʷＦҪƲ˰ɡ
Ÿ뿪ֹͼսʿǣҲһһֻСĵİѲʷＦñ˻Щȥûôˣȫ˱ϡ
謣㱳˵
謵˵ͷζ£Сȥ
Сȥ֮˾Ϳʼ·ˣڵʱ䣬֮ǰܹزġ

11 ̻

յѩĽʱɫˣôнҵģ
ʮþȣһܹ߻սʿģڽϣĵĺ쵼֤һܹʮսʿȥǲҲ˶١
Ŷãսʿ׾ʹŽҹˡ
ǲ׬Ǯˡ
ȻģҲ֪Լ̵飬ǲܹ˵ȥģѽҽ֣֮Լóɡ
ȵȣһ֪ĽңһϷأʱծǺ̻ˣְԼˣʱ򣬿ɲ͡ɲ͡УҪ峤˵¡
̲סһͲҪң͸˵Լˡ
ԼҪЮģΪŴģͲΪȥġ
ǵĽңû˿̰ͼѩĽң㣬ԼǻŻȥ
̫شˣҡһŽڣ϶϶ãѩٳʲô飬Ȼѽջȥ
Ŀܣ׸ߴ䣬СӿҪѩԣ
ɼܣѩû˹ġ
ʹٳٶۣҲﲻԾĻĿл׺ݵĹ⣬ԼȻ
Աߵʯһģѳɿˡ
һ㣬ҡ￴һصǽ壬ŵüҪг˻˻֣˽ˡ
Ǹ˿ڵİ׺һûĻսʿ͵һ٣սս˽ȥ
Ϊ˷ֹԼĶʧǰ˹ģֻǹͬʱ򣬿ռŻ򿪡
ͬ黥࿴ģûа취ֻڻ׺ݵĿ֮У˿ռóԼ
ùԼһ£û֮󣬾͵˻Լ
￴ʧڿеԼٿȥĻ壬ʱǷˣˣˣػȥҪô
϶ҪܷˣôãлŪսʿģؾȻˡ
ɥĲͬսʿ֮󣬾׺ݵģ
δѸٱɴ׻ɱ᫵·ϣҪȥ϶ԣ
ûЩǾҪԹˡ
Уǻǿɣûܾò̤ʵ
ţǾͼӿٶȰɡ

12 

һҹǴ¸·֮Сڵ˲䡣
ܶ˶ڵˣһܵҵĻӭȻǻȵĿҪͶʳġ
һ·紵ŵĲʷＦöûں˵Ŀ֮УɪɪΨֱԡ
ж֮㡱ĲʷＦߵСǰҪһ˯𣿡
С㿴ɪɪĲʷＦٿϲԾɢϢ㡣ĬƬ̣˵ˣҸطʯͷľͷȦطܵУƽʱѳԵĶȥʷＦĻõİѳϵëһޣܲˣҲܵúܿ𣿡
һץûϵ֪ôǡ㡿㻳ãϻǺаյġ
ţʮսʿصİѻĲʷＦýˣǱţ˲ԣӹҫһ㣬СĵıţȻʲô飬ʲôȥˡ
㡻˻֣ʮսʿȥˡ
Ǳʯͷûʱ䣬ܹŪˣˣС㻹˵Ҫѣ룬ӦǲһĶɣܹڷ絲Ӿˡ
һȺӣڵ˵ط֮󣬶ģʼжˡ
еȥʯͷеȥǵĶܿ죬ûãŪһԭϣ㡿Ųˣ˵ȥ
һ˱޴ʯͷĻˣȫãֱӶŴ߾ˡ
˿ͻᷢĻһһٱͷ·Ͽණظһ㡣
ʹôĶսʿǶҲһ㲻ǵܡ
ǲʷＦĻܶܶܶĵ𣿡ľֻҪһ뵽˵ĻһȣһֻʷＦһôĵЩˣһֻһƵĵкööʷＦͲʷﵰˡ
֪ˣҪĿԣԺǲ˲ȥ˹ȣҲܹˣҲûԳˡ
ǻȥֽжٵĲʷＦãһʷＦ¶ٵĲʷﵰ
ҪкܶʷＦٺ٣ζЦѣû֮ǾͲȥ˹ˣûϵһ⣬
սʿһһ˵ţ˸߲ҵ˵Ժ顣

13 Χ

սʿǴΧٶȺܿ죬СҪ֮󣬵绹ûԷǰŪ˲ʷＦøԵΧΧ滹ܵѡ
ΧʯͷģΪľԤˣҧľͷӳȥ
ȰΧŪ֮սʿһȥԼ֮ǰķĲʷＦá
ʲô
֪ҿú档
Ǹס𣿿̲Ƕסɽ
ǰܳȥǼҶôʳһǾͿʼŪˡ
ôĵأȦʲô
ΧΧ棬ţǰվñȽϽŪһСͷ˹ȥһսʿʵʲô
ڸʷＦѣǣ֪ʲôǸǳԸסǵУṆ̀ӳ̣ӳ̣ǾкּܶӽŵĲʷＦõˡ
ľԺ˵ţһ𾪡
ԭԭ
𣿡
ǡжٲʷＦ죬ƽһ¡
طǲ̫СˣŰ˸峤ôӦٴһġ
ϣڼѩ𣿡

ߴ뺷ĺǻһ𣬵Բ۾һ˻ΣһԾΧˣĲʷＦ
ԭ𣿡
ոøҵʱһΪֻҪԡ
Ҳû뵽ģô࡭ԺǾкܶʷＦˡ
֮ǰսʿǿܵ˻ûаѲʷＦûȥǵͷԼޣܾãܾðѲıԼĻˡ
ˣңҷŽȥһսʿ˵
ȲҪԼĲʷＦˣеͷһصıİѲʷＦ˺ѡ
һҪúôߴĻ˲˵
˵ʲôأŽȥͲֻֻ֪ˡƲƲ죬Ȼô˵ĵ׻͵͵סֻʷＦģ
ţҪȡ㰡Ҫºܶĵ
ͬ龰һһţΧֻǵļֻʷＦûʷＦõսʿȲҪûԼֻԷŽȥڱŲʷＦҪǵˣɫ˲٣С˲١
С㿴üͷһ¡

14 

СЩսʿǲҪٺͲʷＦˣǣС㻹Ǿǵ飬ƿ۾ȥ۾һĻˡ
峤Ż˹ΧڵĲʷＦ˶䣬˷ܵߵСǰܺãԺǾͽˣǺúõʷＦá
С㱾Ĩͷ峤Ŀ֮󣬾Ϳ˹ȥ֪û˾ôһ仰
ң
ţԺȥʷＦҳԵľˡ
峤˵꣬Żˣһ±ƵС㡣
иոջսʿ峤뿪ʵ˭
˵С㣿ոջε̣̫ˣһԱûУһСĴָƵҲǺܺõġСһȥĻսʿԼĺ˵֮ǰ̻ҪǮóҵġ
̵ͨĳҵġЩʷＦҲ˵Ҫġ
սʿ۾ˣǸ̡ܰ
ʵսĶĲ䣬УܸǴԵģǾĺˣܸԵ̣Ǿõ̡
ʲôô죿ûϵء
ʲô۸ô죿ûϵء
ʲôҪսô죿ûϵأ
ľ˹ǱߵС㣬ѿһˬʲЦҲǸ̡ܰ
Ҫǳ󣬻Ϊ峤һ쵼߰ɣ˵Щ磬̿ȥȣֶ࣬ٿһ껢սʿ˵
һ˵еĻ̶ǾսģҲ˵ûгֹֹСģǲ̵ġ
ֻб˵ļһŻᱻԾС㻯һۿɼǸСһҲû˶ƫ
˻ԵģҪ
±֮С㣬תţ˲֪Щۼһֻر̡
̻֮סĵطһˡ
ȻҲɽסȫǻκδ̣Щǿɲ׶ôг෴ģΪԴǴС׺ıԣֻҪûÿճǴƫƫƻܴ
ôһֻûսģϢС̽ȥˣۿɼĻʲôӡ
峤ȻЩȥץιʷＦã
ֻҪһ룬֪ЩײеǣѾ׺ݵĻĿ׼˺ðɡ

15 ֲ

СûԴе뷨
ȻѾ֪ˣϢȥʱ򣬻ϲĺȺսôҪġ
С㿴˿ϵͳռ䣬¹ؼ֣ܿģĿ¼ͳˡ
ǰսʿǴ߻ֳȻΪһȣ˵˵ģϵͳӵԶɨĹܣʱʾʷＦǺֳġ
ҵˡС΢΢Цݡ
һȷϣռжʧøɸɾˣ֮ǰõʣǧҡ
Щʧ֮ϵͳռֳ顣
С㿴˿һֻĸÿһÿֻһΣʷＦӳƷһھʮҡ
һֻʷĸƽöңƽʰٷ֮ʮϣһʮꡣ
С濴ʷＦֳ֮ȥõֳðУ϶ԾܶϲʳˮҪ֤ʳιˮðιһΣιʳҪʱ
ϲʪСҪڸĵطɨĵطҪעõС׾ͺȡ
СЩ֪ʶ͸Ժ󣬾Ͱ鱾Żϵͳռˣ֮ǲܴܵģȻЩһֻ̣ạ̊́ţȥܵĻһ̴һٸͨûģĻֻҪǳɼܣҲӮ١
ԡ
С㿴ԼС壬ϵı쳣࣬ǲܴģǲܴģ
Сߵʱ򣬶յϢĺǶѾˣֻ̣ЩСǵҲŨҵ׺֮
ʲôʱ
֪˵̡
һɽǸûм̳֣󲿷СνģԼĵطϣжʮǲġ
ЩսģҪôģҪôǾģûС㣬һȥ֮峤ͻЩͷһͷġ
Żγɹͷһ֪֪ⶴﵽ˭ΧƤɫ׺˵
һͷС꣬һȭ鶴ſڵʯͷ˽٣˵ʲôأҸ
Ҳģôܣһڵϵ˵
𣿡

ǰ˵ȫ˹ȥڵϵҲˣײ۾ʹ򡣡
˵꣬ͳһ˹ȥˡ

16 

򡢴򡢴
򣡡
룬
СʱǰһƬĻҡ
ЩһѾԼһˣڳģûʲôվĵط
żΧ۵û㿪ҲһȭɣȻɽǽڻ£Լٶ׵һطΧۡ
СʱȻģ˭ûп
򣡡
򣡡
죬
С㿴ôе̣ɵú˺
ǹ̶ģҰĻļʾʹˣ·ʲôشʣЩҲܶһ棬ˣֻҪеĻ˻ǲܵġ
ЩСҲǴͷΨһİ취ǴҴһδǻ£սҪһֱ򵽷Ϊֹ
֮ǰСûаһ˶ôײеʱûлģΪֻҪһӭӵıȻʹĽѵ
ˣˣˣȻԺûˡС֣ǵע
ĻһҾѾͣˡ
׷׿³ֵ̣עȫڳ档
ǿûгԵĶ֮ٿССһ֪ǸƵļһʱƿĿˡ
ڴüҵļΪһͣ٣ʱҪ顣
ε̷ſԼѹŵĶ֣һСϻ׷ѹڵϴòɿҲ
ģҪͷ̣곤׺ݵĿС㡣
ڵҲ׷Χ˹˶ڿС㡣
һӽ
С֪ЩͷĿɨһȦ˵ǲӽ쿪ʼҪֳʷＦˣ쿪ʼιвʷＦĵԣҪǳˣûвʷＦĵѾĲʷＦöҪˡ
Сôһ˵һ£üͷˡ
ûеǲ̵ģѾǵĲǵļǵĵڲûеҪˣ
ֻҪһ뵽Եˣǵ۾ʱһƬ׹⣬޲ƴǻĿС㣬·ֻҪ˵ʲôǾͻᱩס
֪ǲңǴгԵ𣿴òʷＦܶܰѲȫι𣿡
ܡС㿴Щǣ˵ܡ

17 

鶼ǿսģĲʷＦã˷һʱ䣬Ǿһĵ˺ܶ⡣
С㿴ǽĵ΢΢Ǽ˵ûʳҪʷＦҲһġ
ûʳʷＦͲµʷＦµǾûеûеǾûвʷＦ̣ûǾûµĲʷＦþ͸ˣһỴ̈һһֻĸþ˾ֻá
Сڶ˵ţɽСһüͷ壬ڵͷֱ֣ڵָͷͽָͷ棬ɴͲˡ
Сȫɫ׺ݵĿС㣬һ˫˫ŭ۾·Ҫһ㣬ǲ֪жٲʷＦọֻֻ֪̃Ҫιһ죬Ǿ˺ܶܶĲʷ**̡
СǵһӾͲˡ
һŭĺš
ܣҪʷ**ọ̃ǲģ
ǵȻȱ˵кص黹û˵ꡣ
һĶǺܲӣôˣĿ¶׹ĿС㣬ֻҪ˵ʷＦļõûˣǾȺŹ
Щһǣ˵С֪ЩʲôˣڷΣʹֵ£ԴԿûʲôŴϾĴҲֵġ
С㿴ž;òˣ˵֪Ƕǲսʿǲܿôص鷢ģԣھҪʼһ飬ֱȥ۲ݣҵ࣬սʿ顣
Сǵıľᡣ
һ棬Ϊսʿƺˣһľﲻԡ
ЩҪڴϣЩСǣֻһ˲벻֮ͨͲˡ
ѾСİ£ʼһĳȥˣĴǣҲСİ£ʶվ˶棬ǻعʱѾ˵Ұ⡣
üͷѾȻɻǣҲû˵벻ͨǿʼɻɣ䣡
Ÿţһֻ͵̧ͷҪһѵ
ΪʲôǶɻ
ŶΪ˲ʷ**̣
۾һּͷɻˡ
ڸɻǾԲ͵ģͺսһֻҪĵΪӦɵĻͲ͵ܺͲɵ
С㿴ȫȻĸɻʱͳ׷ˣЩͷӣʰˣҪڣҪгԵģȻᱻúܲҡ
ϾֻûзӦֲǴ

18 

СողһͼԶһС
Ǹ˴źѩһƤϵϢԣܶҪ˾ѩˡ
һĻźͽ·ڸʲôҪ飬ַ·Ǳ˸۸һ㣬ٵܵСԱߣƺҪһ㡣
ѩҲģõצӣɵڿҷ棬ǸСûѩǿ׳壬ûһ۵ˡ
Сץסֹ֣ȥ
죬ſңҪ¡æ˵
С㿴ŲСû΢һ£ĲĻֱӰ߾ͺãС۾ίĿ
ͺ񡭡һ
ͷһСſ
СЩɣǹԼԱߵģС뵽䣬ɡ
ĺһӾסˣŵĿС㣬ɫǳѿ
Сװ⣬ôˣ
ûûʲôĺ۵׵𾪣ٵĵͷڸסʡ
СûпСһʹһץ档
ݵĻɣ㼱ҴҵܹС㲻ɵðһ
ʲô֪Ͳһʱ򣬾֪ԼӦʲôˣһʼ֪ڲŹ͸Ѱζˡ
ҸǿԿģץĻûĸоֻܿģȻѩС̣Сֻܿˡ
ʲôǿǾץһֻҲץץֻҲץԸһԼŬܿɣֻûץӡ
С΢΢ǣջĿ⣬ȻˣǾ͸ɻɣû˿ѸɻģҪŶǸͶɹʳģɻС飬ʳ
ۣ
һ
ѩС⻰֮ϵĶּӿ˲٣ɵǽһȻ졣
ĺʱһŭ
ǰʲôЩ޴ѩһġ
ĺһ˿ԹȻȴűûгС㿴ȥ֪Щ˵ԼǱ꣬Բܱ¶
ĸޡ
磬һ͵ūȥԱ֮

19 

ĺֻ˼֮󣬾ͿʼĿ
ȫۿģû۽ǾͻһξӨᡣ
ϧЩѩֻǲĿһۣͼȻץˣӾҫʳǲʷＦĵԲġ
Ǳüͷ˹ȥ˵ôˣ
ҡۡĺ˵
ȥǱ߸ݡ뿴˿֣˵㣬һ춼ûУЩˣôͿޣɻʱˡ
ĺһʱɫ࣬Ͻͷ
ǺѩͶˣǿɲ࣬һͲ£ҪôŮ˸ɻ
ĺԥĿСһۣ˵ҡ
һ㶼ûпָֻ߿𵢸Լ£ȥ
áõġĺһûҪѩ̸ˡ
֪бʵǿԸֱֻû뵽һֱز
ǰûúôģȥ̣񱻴ߵĶԼҪˡ
֮ǰһС㣬һѳӣһ١
ô˵ĺﻹǼɵСģŴ׶ĵһͻǸϼһĹעرȨܺսʿһȥֱӳЩǵͷЩѩ̡
˵ǣЩûͷԵѩ̾Ȼĸıĸ޸š
Կ඼ˣۿһ̵ͷˣһ̻ûһñ뵱̵ͷȻһᣬñЩȫץסġ
ƻƻúúõˣѾ֪ͨ˼ˣߵȴˡ
뵽ĺоͽòˣǸŮģһ㹦ͶûеĻԼĸǲܱϵģƾʲôǸܵõһУֻܿһʩհ
뵽ĺͱˡ
ݺݵĸ²ݣ·еһ谭һ㡣
ǾԲǶĸŮ
ҪأһУ
СߵƤװ֮󣬾ʷＦǲܹԳӵģҪԵĶ
Ŀɨĺ꣬Աߵѩ̣ǲôࣿ
֮ǰľ˱˰ûطȥˡֻѩ˵˵ţ͸оצĴвԣ۾һæͰ˳

20 

ⲻ
Ϊѩ˵ײµģʲô˵飬˶ˣһСôˣ
С㿴ȵѩ̣ʵľôȵģ
ϴβֲľոճͳȥˣϺѲĿķȥˣʱϵ˿ڶˣ
ѩС˵˵ţͣ˵ʲôҸ㣬ȻǶС㲻Եģġ
룿
۸ȿȣ۸ˣҪģܶ˵ģҪǶӶȥ͵峤ҵġ
۾һһĿС㣬˵⻰ʱһĻζȻûȥ峤Ǳ͵ġ
С㺹ˣһɰ峤ô˵ǸսʿҪΣ˭ܴ͵
̵Ļ֮СǸһˡ
˵ǱѩʲôĿĵĻС룬һ׵Ĳ䣬ֻܹܲȥĵطֵǮľѩսʿЩˡ
ѩĳսʿǲܵģϣû˭ô󵨵ܵѩϳһѶˣսǿҲҪ׼
̾ͲһˣƭȥһѶ˵ĻС룬񲢲ʲôܵ顣
ѩ̫ˣûĻչ켣һ죬ЩҪȥɻҳԵĵģǸʱֵĻɹļʾͲ̫ˡ
ˣȻȥɡС˵
߿
죬ȥˡ
ϦĹڵϣеһȾůɫ
СЩǣš
һࡣһѩҸ˵
˵ӵ࣡Աѩ̲ˡ
𣿡ȵǸѩ˴ȵı飬˲׺˵
ʹ˭㣡ѩҲˣɼˣʵϣеѩսԼǲ˵ģ֣ܳ;Բ١
Сվڶǰͷü˵𵢸ȥˣܵûʸȥʷＦãҲ֪ȥûвʷ**ˡ
ĺ䣬С˵úᣬڳѩ̳ûһƵģȫˡ
ɲУǻȥҪʷＦûжݣ
ѾڴˣҪеĻҪѩ̣۾һĿ˶Էһֿ֮ˡ
ߣ
ߣ
ǸԻصԼĶУʲô¶ûзһǰ
С㣺

21 ״

ĺ꿴Щѩǣֲɵսһ¡
һܿģ͸Ŷȥˡ
һأûȥԼ񣬶ȥѩ峤Ǳߡ
˭
峤ңĺꡣ
ĺ껹ûп峤ͱˣҲţֻüͷ΢ģ˽ȥ
ѩ峤һЦ峤ġ
ʲô£
ûˣֻһֻͺܴѩ׵ϻ鶼ڰë壬ġ
ĺЩнһֱ峤ûʲôµģÿֻϻʱֻʱ˵ĸо
˵СģôСŸոջΣʲôˣǲ̫Ϊˣ
ĺģǵĿѩ峤˵ҾñǺܺõģ϶ԸõĴ컢õķչģͲҪΪС˺òã
ѩ峤ĺһۣ˵˵ģ
ǡǡ
ĺ꿴ѩ峤飬˵ΪʲôЩţֻԼ˵ǵĻͻȥС㣬ЩǿõԼģСѹܴģôС
ͲˣôǿĲ䣬ȻҪ䵽һոջε̵ͷ͸һСӹһһ̫Ϸˡ
Сʲôûк˵û˵ϲͷĺ겻˼ЦЦ
ѩ峤˵ͷ˵Ȼͳȥɡ
ĺסˣֵôˣѩ峤ܿҲûʣֻ˳ӵȥ
ߺֽһֻѩ׵ĳȴϻ
˿ˣֿ˿峤˵ȷʵС峤ΪʲôҪЩǣ
ȻڴѣֻҪЩϼһû⣬ͲΣաúõĻȥġ
̩ȻǸ̺ر۾涼ǹ⣬ѩ͸ġ
һ뵽ǸʱС㣬ȷʵǴЦġ
ѩѾܾûгˣٹȥѩԻ͵ʷֹֻ
ʧȥֵĲ䣬һ겻һ꣬ǵϸټЦݡ
սʿ뵽ڣɫȻ
õģǻҵֵġ㡼ᶨ˵
ѩ壬ǲʷġվϵİëԶεԶա

22 

ĺȥǸ
ѩ峤ǲѹԭôǿʢһ䣬Ȼ䵽ز
ڻȥ·ϣǸͳԵսʿˡ
ŶˣǲսʿѾǸзˣͿˣѩ壬óȥҲǵµūϡ
ĺġ
߹֮ǰչһЦ˵ӰֹͳԵİлл㡣
սʿӰĺ꣬Ĭóһɫ˹ȥȻˡ
ĺЦݶʱͽӲϣܿˣϾϼһ˭ģȻе㶪Ҳûʲôġ
صԼ棬˸ط
ѩڲûʲôõĴÿ춼ֻܹӡ
ĺĿһеϾǳˣҲϰˣֶζóԵġ
ɵԼ֮ǰ飬ĸǸ壬ĸ氮ȴò롣
ռӵλõģҲǸС㣬ǸĺݵŮˣʹǺ͸Ĳ͵Ĺ˺ö꣬Ҳĸ׺͸һ
ʱǴŸ׵ϣĸ׵ϣģֻҪܴѩ̣ǵȫһˣ׾еǸСˣһһŮĸ׾ܹİĸһˣҲͲٹƶӣ˽Ůˡ
ʱǸŮ˵һжĸ׵ģǸһжģǸܵܵһжǽܵܵġ
ĺ뵽鲻ɵôٶΣδһġ
ݺݵҧһҭˣæ˳
ޣ
ѩ壬Ȼϣþ˳ֶ
ĺ̲ס̧֣ͼˤˣȻ룬ѾûгԵˣĿˡ
ѩȻǱҲΪʲôռ䴢ôʳȴóԣֻҪһóѩ֪гԵģȻȫܹ
ƫƫܽЩԵģֻżܵԶĵطӿռóûʲôζĶ
һռ䴢ıƫƫʲôãܳԡ
̫ˣ
ĺ̲סԽԽֻЩ̶ץȥˣҲĻصߣʳǵĹС

23 ɻ

С䷢ĺɫȴֲߣ̫ˡ
ЩְȻȥɽ
ɽ֪ʲôʱڳģܴܸߣԿѩ嵱սǷǳǿʢġ
ʱ򣬼̼С˽̧ͷĿַӦٶ۵׺ݡ
С֪Щʲôûµġ
ʱѾ˹鷳ģСµĻӿȥ𵲵һ飬컹Ҫɻ
ԥһ£üͷûȥš
С֮ջߣԺҪӴɻեЩǵһ˿ŷŻȻЩһܲˡ
Ȼѩûʲã֪̥ûûǺӪûϵԭ֮ѩǱȲ˵ġ
һ㶼Լʲôʱ򱻰ڵĦҲʲôʱЩᰮܵǱ߷йʱԼͻȻ˭һ߷ˡ
ԣ뽨һгõɽС
Сܿ˿ǶѾˣ˵ոѾˣսʿǴһ飬ǵĳģҲ١
СĻ䣬С׺ˣĿŴһ飬һҪɼܵӡ
һҲˣһͦصģȻɫҲ׺ݵġ
Сæ֣˵ǽģ컹УԺÿһ춼УҪ˭ܴˣҪˣ˵ôȵǿ׳ץĳӶأ
֮ʣոջŵ£顣ȻҲûʲôģԭضֻ߿ۿë׵ĽţСʳ
ԭѾҪСĴǣü˼һ£ˣʳȽҪ
֮ͨҲͲˡ
ˣڰСŶӣҿʼʳˡС˵꣬ͰѸոӰʳȥ
ʵЩʳ٣ÿ̶ϧĳţȫû߲˼޵ĺ統ҵ˼
УͨͨΣԼʳţõǸСģ˻ĽĿۣȻԼġ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪС˵ˣ˽ʳĻС鶼ܳȥˣܳȥɻͲܳԶˡ
룬ҪǽˣԼķݶûˣǶⰡֲʲôĲĻŲ
ڻҡҷҸĳŶǰҹʵɫ

24 ϲ

ڶСճЩǳȥץӣĴ̼СǶɵ÷ǳƴżгͻɼܵģҲᱻԵ̸ͬһſ£ȻקβϻԼɻ
С㿪ʼе㵣ЩƢļһǣû»һɻҲͲˡ
黹˵һģʷＦöܳԣӵĻÿץҲͦ鷳ģȻԺͱĶһʷＦԣ˹ĶСֹˡ
ô˵Ժõ㶼ѡ

С̾˿ͷˡ
ǵĸɾܳ㣬飬С㿴ˣʹȻȥˡ
·ϻ˼ѲߵѩսʿСǴ˸к֮󣬾ʹǼȥˡ
ǸС̾εǸһսʿɻ˵
ͦϲģ̫ˣû취̡һսʿź˵
ͷǸҲתͷ˵û£Щǲͦõ𣿡
Ǻãǳ˿ô찡ôСû˵ǸҲˡ
Ҳǣӻţˣץѵһ£ͺˡ
һ˱˵ţԶ֮СѾǻصȥˣûΧǽģ͵˼ҲС޵ļǰи෨ʦģȫսʿһˣȥͼѩսʿ෨ʦ˸ɾȥ
ȻҲһذǵ̫ɾˣӴԺûĵؾԸѩ͵ˣսʿΪź˺ܾá
СţͻȻ۵һһ̧ͷͼǸιʳʷＦ̣һ׻Ķ
ǡ

ȻҲǾˣǸҳļһһ̧ۣͼ˲ʷＦļʱ۾Բˡ
ۣһ̾ȵĽ
һȫ̵עҷ׷Χ˹ǿ׳ļһǣһӾվ˸λãļһּһ޺һ㣬
ǸŲʷ**־ϲѵõСǰһڴĿ
ǲöģ˼ʹҪڴҲǵһʱϽģ
Сŵ˵ȥ峤ô
𣿡ǸЩʧʵ
δܾܷʷＦģžͻˣֻܳˡС˵
ʧ񣬶ʱˡ

25 

ſԼոմϢһ¡
ֻûϢãͼ洫ǻϲԼ𾪵
ôˣ
̧ͷ˶䣬Ż˳ȥ
߳񣬾ͼ˸߲ҵ˹Ա߻Ųٵˡ
ʲôˣʵ
˵ĿǰСϣʱͶסˣǵ
ĵ
սʿǴ
峤ǵĲʷＦĵһ̼͵ĺ峤˵ţģɽˡ
δܾĵʷＦ̵ģ峤ҪôС˵
ŪľĿŵҲЩôһҪ˭أ
Ŀ⻺䵽Сϡ
С峤Ƿ۾У⣬˵Ҷһ㣿
Լ˵ȥɣǺȾͺˡ
ǲ֪ʲôģǾôһ껢Ҫ
Ǻãлл峤С˵ʹˡ
㡻ԭأ塢峤ǲʷＦļ
š׺֪Ӧš
ǲǣԺÿ춼вʷＦļˣǸ˵ȲʷＦӦˣˣͻǾкܶļ͵ˣ
š׵ĽŲһ٣ӿˡ
սʿǸ˫۷⣬˷ܵòˡ
ԭĿԣǸ̺ð
˲𰡣ộѩ̡
̫ˣҪȥʷＦ
ҲȥѾˣһߡ
ҾˣӴԺ󣬲ʷＦıˡ
һ뺷սʿ˵ţԼţһȥıѾˣԺǲˣҲԲſȥʷＦá
һߣСѾȥ󷹵ĵطȥˣһȦ֮󣬷ûйһ㶼ÿġ
ʲôһ·սʿʵ
ʯͷĹи֡СŬš
Ҫʲôսʿʵ
Ҵ**С˵
սʿ˵ͷȻ֪ʲôǼܾʳɣԼͱʲôĳ껢ǵľŪʯվԱ߿ţʲôǼ
СߵһĵطСѡ˸ʯͷȻ󵱳Ūô򵥵Ū˸ʯ
С㿴ⱬսˡ

26 

Ǹĵĳ껢ڰСҪʯ֮󣬻˳õӱ߸ϴˡ
ʯ֮ҲѾˮ׼ã໴ĿС㡣
ǰʯʱСЩСǰԼҲˣӣһһԼ룬ڴĵš
СҲûǵȺܾãʯˮ֮󣬾ͿʼˣʯǱȽģǴҶʵĵš
㻹ã˱ֱվţĿߡ
ǻ룬ε룬ʲô̬С
ȹˮ֮С㿪ʼѵԼˣȻʱĿӽ裬Ȼ󵹵ˮ
̱ڴؿС㣬㣬ǰûŵζ
˫β󲻰ֵ˦š
СѵҺȥ֮һתͷÿԱߵļ̿ˮɵЦЦĵ࣬ԺʷＦ㣬ÿ춼еԡ
ۣ
նʱ
ǵ۾ĿС㣬ͣһʵ
Ժÿ춼е𣿡
ҪɻòʷＦСС˵
Ǹʻ̶ʱ۾ˣ˵һúõòʷＦģĺˡ
šСЦӦһ
ȻˣЩ˵ʲôһݳԵĽ˵ģôݳԵľԶҡݳԵľܰƽܶ¡
˵ʳǳִˡ
ſеζٿǽƵĵҺڵˮ˲䣬ͱǻɫƶǻһĴڣ۾ʱԲˡ
⡢⵰ûԹ
û˵ıֱվһߡ
Ŀ̫ҵĻСҲע⵽ĺһֱ»ţҲһǱ̿ˮ
СҲûжൢ飬ܿڹΰͣȻʱӽһ£ˣŶӣСǰں棬Ҫʼˣ˾Ͳúˡ
Ƕôܴ󣬵ʶ¶֮뵽ǵµݣŶˡ

һõںһ֮۾ˣҸ
̿Ǹ飬鶼еɧˣעֱС˹ȥһһףܿͷˡ
Ȼ̣ǣŵǸζ֮󣬾û˭ȵġ
ʲôζ㿴ЩǺȵһҸģ̲סʵ
һ룬֪ôݵܺúȣˮúȡ
úȡ
ã
Ҹĺţõ𰸺ˣʱҪ۲ݻιʷＦԺˣҲеȣ

27 

꼦Сȥ˯ˡ
ûʲôҹȻܻߴȺǲģСǼǰ˷ϡ
ΪһʱŮԣԽΪĿ꣬ȿȣðɣʵĿǰҲˣŸոմӸʲߵʲҪҲûܵģõˡ
ΪĺӣСҲ밴ЩǵͷȥúϢȻʹɻ
סһֻ׵̺Сϣ˻֣˵˸ȥ˯ˡ
á
á
á
ѩϡϡӦţСԣͷһʯѾıǸΧˡ
ǳ׵׵ѩ׵Сϻ

Ƕˡ
Сߵİһֻֻʯϳ˯ˣ˯˵ÿʷＦµˡ
Ļһѩ̵۾
ΪڴԵʣҲϻˣ׷ܣСǽһһѾ
ûĲ䣬ЩһΪ˳ԵİԼˡ
ۿǶѾ˸Եĵط˯ˣСҲ˸ѲԶĵط¡
Щ˯úܿ죬ûһͶ˯ˡ
ϸ΢ķ洵С㿴بŵ¹⣬Ŷڸĥλƽ
Ϊ̫˷ˣʱǶᶯֽŵģǸС㲻Զļһﲻ֪εʲôˣһŰԱߵĻ̸ԶǱߵãſ۾һۣſ¼˯ˡ
ٺ١ٺ١
ԡóԡҵĲʷＦ
˵ҵĲʷＦǵһսʿ
߿ҵġ
׼˯С㣬һѾĿЩ˵λǣ˵λˣȻܻϡ
ڶʱС㻹ûˣŸոſ۾ͼ֪˫۾
Ҫ΢ϳЩ۾еϤܱһѩ̵
ˣˡһ̾ϲ˵
߰ɣǿȥץˡһȻ˵ʱʷＦѾĲƲˡ
ߡһС㣬̬ţǻԾװӺ۲ݵƤ
С㿴˿ɫΪԼ˯ˣһ̧ͷ˸컹ûأ

28 

СԭΪʱ㣬ҶûģϾ˼ˣҲ֪ߵϢʲôӵġ
ǣߵʷＦĸѾˣѲ߶Ӷˡ
Ǿǰ׶̣
ԣϴλȥмǱֻʷＦûУվʯͷԱߵֻұġ
ۣ㻹˲ʷＦ
ɲҲУǱ߳ԳӵֻұġֻʷＦ̵һҪġ
һˡ
ȥССģǸ̶ˡ̸µһʷＦ̣
ǳһĽ⣬С⻰Сȴǽһģˤˡ
ޱĿ첽ߣĿ⧲ȴ˱ǵСۡ
뿴СڿʱֱͦţЦԺҲ϶ʷＦսʿ
Ŷ㻹˲ŶС˵
ڵѩ˵ӵвʷＦӣžֵ˰ɡ
ûСԲԣ̧ͷĵ˵Ժ۾ȫڴĹâ
ʱǴһĽ
ûãĽ
С㻹û߹ȥͼߵıѾûˣͼΧ֪ʲôʱ򣬳һȺѩ壬Ѳ߶Ӳ֪ʲôʱҲˡ
öࡣ
һ˫ôࡣ
ԣУУ㿴Ǳߣװ׵ġ
ѽʷＦֻȥˣƨɵмš
һ
Сǳ鴤ĿţһʷＦǱųš
û˵ͼոջ˵ĳ껢Ŀ㣬ܶʷＦļ쿴ǲܳʷＦġ
㣬Ȼˡ
㣬Ժϲ˾ˣ̫ˡ
ҲǣҲǣԺϲ˾ˣϲˡ
Ҳϲġ
𣿡
ʹ򣡡
ۿЩһҪֿˣСϽ˵ĵȡˣӦѾӦˣ´εĵֱӾͿʷＦԼʮһ,СʷＦͷˡ
ʮһ죿
֪ȫֺȫĽţҪͱ˽һ֡Ѳ߶ӵսʿ
ۣ
ȺһӷˣζţöãǾкܶܶĲʷＦˣ

29 ѧ

𣿡
ǻкܶĲʷＦ
ãܶܶã
˵⻰СĿһת峤Ѿˣֹ峤ô̵ʱ䣬嶼ˣҪ˵֮ǰʵʵĴ˯Сǲŵġ
ǻƽӣСãбҪЩѧġ
ȻЩһôϲʷＦôʹӼʼɡ
ѧҪԾͲö˵ˣֱӾͺʳأÿСҲǿ󣬷࣬࣬Щһѧá
С˸ǷЩһߡ
ǻΧŲʷＦģһͷĿš
ˣô£϶ǻģ֮ͻô
С˵꣬ǶʱˣѪһĿĵس塣
ĻҪ˳ǾͰˡ
Ϊ˷ֹЩһǿʷＦſžʹˣСɴó˰һʯʯͷСѡģȽϹ⻬üһСʯͷ֡
СǶʯͷûȤģڸոհʱ򻹶࿴һۣҲһ۶ѣĿⶼ˲ʷＦˣöûôĿ⡣
СڲʷＦʯͷϣ˶ʮۼд˶ʮ֣Ȼ֣ЩǸ˹
ҲˣԺĲʷＦһһ࣬ҪѧѧȻԺʷＦ˶֪
ľۼǣͱ࣬ԼҵطˣڲʷＦǺġ
С֦ôʯͷ˵жʮֻʷＦ⼸ʷＦ͹ˣԺµĵǲʷＦǲԼжֻʷＦ֪һԺƭô죿
ֳǶʱĿ¶׹⣬ƭǲʷＦĻǾǸˡ
Сһ㶼ˣѧҪúõѧϰѧѧˣ˭ƭǵĲʷＦ
ĻһûߵĴϻҲˣֱ˸طһſ˦βСĽѧ
һġ塢ߡʮ塢ʮʮʲô
ʮߡ
ȵȣ߲ʮʮʲô
ʮġ
еڲݵϣǿĵǿʯͷ͵͵Χ۵ĳ껢ǵı黹΢е⣬Ѿĵȫˡ

30 ҡ

ʵֻ֤ҪǸɵģǺܿ顣
ϻǱ⣬ԼòУǺܿǾͷԼ˵̫ˣΪС㿪ʼ̼Ӽˣ
ǱҪÿʷＦ¶ٵԺЩжٻɲʷＦʷＦʷＦǶ٣ȻʷＦ͵ˣǶ֪
С㿴Щ̺ͳ껢ǣĵ˵ԺʷＦˣÿ챻͵Եһֻ˭Ҳ֪ΪҶ
ĻһڳѩȫŭˣնýʱһСûЩϣɨһȦʯͷϡ
Ĳ˵ʷＦʮŸĻǶ٣Сʵ
⣬Ҫɼ̺ܵͳ껢Ǿˡ
Ƿ׷׵ͷԼצצ
һʱ䣬ȫѧա
лڽʾ֭ļţʷＦҪ죬ǵ׻жٸ
˵Ҫ㲻ĻҾѾ֪жٲʷＦĵˡ
С˵꣬ҲǣһߵˣѩûųеĻԺҲѧνӰˡ
ģǵԽԽ࣬սʿǵıҲûôˡ
ѩսʿױſԱ߿ţԼҲָţͻȻоԣи˳ȣ
ͷһֻΪε̣ȵˣǿаȽˡ
ԭһߵǸ̼㲻Сûע⵽ߣҲ͵͵ĳȣһë޵ĽֺҲǻΣëɣȻС̵ΥΪͱˡ
ȵȣԣ֣ԭмСǣ֪ԱɢˣſսʿĵطǵĻӭ
Ǳ̣һ˼ҵĴȣǹսʿ
ԣǱǾȻսʿŹ˼ҵĴǼ˼
Ա߿໣ûˣµЩսʿȻҲ㲻
ôĻԴǸʲôİ
СֵȣûлĿ˵ʷＦʮŸĻʮ
ϻСϻһ϶ΪȻĵͷ
˭֪СĻһת˵ɣƭǵĶ֪
ȫ
Сûйǣ˵ȷ֮󣬼ѧ
һֱϦ£ʵĹڴʱСŷŹǡŰһ󣬲ǴϻСϻƣˣ·եˣ°ĭˣֿģԴ㱵ˡ
˭

ڸʲô

31 ͵

ϻЩɻĻص˸ԵСϻҡҡλεŶӻɽ
С΢΢ЦЦԺҪ꣬ȫץֿ
ʱСûץ̫ϵģϾѧϰⶫҪǿԾǿû취óɼġ
ʱѾˡ
ʷＦʷＦöĲʷＦһ̹ȥҸ˵
ԺǾʷＦĲˣкܶܶԲĲʷＦ̺Ͷǳδ
̲֪ڽʲôŽžʹˡ
Ƚϴһ̣üͷǱѧ֮ǰѧģȻҲžʹ顣
ԼһСʱ֮󣬶ڵŽС
ЩһѾϢˣСʶĵһ飬ţ˾ֻ
ţһ֮ţ
Сû˵ʲôһ飬ٴ
ػʲôǲ׵ء
Сתͳȥˡ
ѩĵ̣һ˵ǲʲôΣյģٵЩһҲȥʷＦǱˡ
ҹ
ЩԼݣֳȦ档ǵĿȷĲʷＦˡ
ֳΧǽģЩΧǽΪ˷ֹʷＦܳЩЩһӵս츳ѩ˵ڵһɵľȥˡ
С㻹ûֳ߽֪Щһˡ
Ϊ̫ˣֳþͷ·ûлһʷＦżĹûУ˵ˣһ廻̬˯ûС
С˽ȥȿ龰ʱɫʱһѾˡ
ֻȦﲻֹвʷＦã͵ܳЩǡ
԰׵¹£һıŸԵĲʷＦǵļͷЩʷＦһţѩ̻ɪɪ
СһתһߣõĴҲһһġ
ˣˣǿ϶ȫܳˡ
ˣȥ˯С޿˵
⻰һǶʱĿ¶׹⡣
һֱţʷＦûẦ£˾Ͳµˣ
̵ģոջĿ¶׹ǣһʱͰϵĲʷＦøˣʲô¶ûеĻ飬ԾȦӣԹվСǰ
ʱСѾʲô˵ˣ̫ۣ˻֣תɽȥСǸСŶӻȥ˯ˡ

32 ζ

ڶ죬һ
˳ģǻСקˣ㣬㲻һֱ˯ģ˯̫Ļûʱˡ
Сͷߣһ˵̵ļһҼǵûĻ֮ǰҪ˯̫ʱɣ
ͷЦ˵ôʲôֶûãüǵġ
С㣺
˿ɫȻǻû
ȵǣȻˣֹѲ߶ӵ
һ˵ѩû¸ɵʱ򣬶˯ģⲢԴô٣˯̫ĻҪġ
Ҷ𣿡Сʵ
⻰۾ʱˣ˵첻ҪԲʷﵰ𣿾ڲܻεǶˣ㿴
Сűָ⿴ȥȻһë׵СϻЩСһҲ԰èһһ۾Ŀ
߰ɣǰѾѲʷﵰ峤ǱҪˣҶȼһζ˵
СյĲʷﵰ벿̾˿Ҫһ˺һء
ҲǣѾܾûʲôԵˣʱ䶼ڳ
ѳԵòУǳ˲е΢Ԫء
Сʱ˶ѾˣѩսʿǷǳģ֮ǰǵļǿǴ˺óһʱ䣬ڿԳζˡ
ҶôڴСҲûԥˣǱջ󼦵
ܼ򵥣СҲûвŵ˼ץ̣һһ߽š
㡳ԾĿˮһĲʷﵰƶһƮʯ껢ȻҲܾȣʱѾȲóԼʯˡ
ԴϴСʯ֮ЩϻҲѧĸԼһΪǳ껢ĹϵǶƵøӵľ׼ձǵĺÿ
Сĵ֮Եľˡ
˫۾˼Ҳס
ѾԼúˣͲζļˡ
㣬𣿡㡿һļ̲סЩˮ
ˡСΰͣһ£װ˵㡣
ζ۾ҸˣСڵĺţֻֻҪƮˡ
ҡ
ҡ

Сڸװ֮Ҳˣ׷װԼ˹ữεС̶ԼʯʪͶι

33 쳣

һ˵ľֻһһˡ
С֮Щһζŷ䵽ļҸģС㿴˶еᡣ
ʳѾȱˣЩϻȴû׸ȥõ
С̾һע⵽ǸĺС͵͵ˡ
ðɣȻ׵ģǾΪѵˣСֻҪһ뵽ڵô٣Щ̲סڳԺˡ
಻һģ˵ı⻰͸˵һˡ
С֣˵ǲǹԽԽˣԺʷＦõ̸ˣǾܹÿˣʱ򣬾ǶҲðܳԱܴůǣҪǲƻô죿ץ̣ץǲʷＦã
ڸոСʱΪгԵˣȻǿСûжʱһ˲䰵ˣǰ֮󣬶ʱŭ棬ɱʮ۾ݺݵسܿȥ
ץ̣
ץʷＦã
ˣץ
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С㿴Ųˣ˵ˣ̲ܲ㣬εĲܸߡʱǿܴܲЩҵʲôӦгԵİɣ
ô˵꣬ǵ۾ʱ۾һȫڴĿС㣬ǽһ̧ͷͦأ·ԼǸɿһ㡣
ңǿ׳ġ
ġ
ңģ
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С̲סЦˣЩû̵Сͷ̫СˣȥȥĵطеΣա
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Сץʱ䣬˵ܻε̣ҵĶǿġ
֮ǰ˸ĺ峤˵ˣһȺǳȥնսʿںĸš
һֱȵ˵꣬峤սʿǶޱģϢ·ڲ⣬ΪʲôҪôҲץ̡
ֱ˵Щ˿ʵʱ򣬺üһǵıȫˣɾʮ޲ϳڵİ͹ˡ
ȻǰװʱСҲװ˵ҪȥԶһĵط̶ֻûνֻĺĿ˸һ£ˣȥˡ
СĿɨǱ߳սʿǣĻǺġ
ЩѩսʿɢɢģȥһʮûģҪ̣ϴϴ˯졣
ԣʻǿɡ

34 

أСȥ˸Զĵط
һǰȥˣǱɭ֣ҵʲôĲ˵ҵǺõģ˾ͲƤװˡ
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Цģһ˫۾ÿ÷·˵һԸֺ˵ʱ򣬸ûܾ
С㿴һۣ˵˵ߵĲݸۣҾͺ峤˵ˡ
ĺ˵ͷܲЩҰҰ˽ݵģûϵҲãˣܰЩѩȫץˡ
ĿɨеһѩսʿѩʶģֽаľѲ߶ǿġ
뵽ĺ̲סǹˣ춼վ߰
ܿģСһ˾͵˵طˣһƬ£ԼҲûԶԱ߿ûʲôرҪעġ
ĲݺãۣʷＦһԡ
ûҪ㣬λҪսʿ顣
˵һӮ
ǻ䳰һ£ûдܣһϵ飬һڴǲǻš
ôʱ򣬶ĳսʿһӾͱˡ
ǵ۾ʱԲˣ٣ˣˣʣ
еĲӣеһĿ׺ݻĿܡ
ǸӰȻ˶ʮͷѩ̺һ껢һñӵŮЦ˵
ˣĥˣѩɲԶҪˣûˡŴ󵶵Ĺͷ˳æ̺ѩսʿϮȥ
ģҿûôѾħƣ߲˵ġŮ˲Ÿո˵꣬ЦݾͽӲϡ
֪ʱЩѩѾĿ׺ݵİǸΧˣ˲ŵǣΧһѩ塣
ãǱˣŮĿ׺ݵĿĺ꣬ĺһæ˵ң
ͷʱҲɵһ䡣
ʱٶ඼ûõģΪЩѩѾˣ
죬Ż򣬲ЩѩţϧʱѾûˣǵʿֻħʦȫš
ƫƫǻܲˣոڿЩѩ̵ĵһʱ䣬ħʦѾһƬռסˡ

35 м

ʵģһȺ˻ҲкаԵʱѩǰŲһغϡ
С㷢֣ǵսǲСģۼЩһΪλΧŹʿģ˵Ǻܱˡ
˶֮Сչȥ£üһôһʮˣĺڵȫˡ
رɾ·ռ䴢ջһǴĺǱģСչȥ£һ㣬ЩԵĺõģѩ˶رĸˡ
һռ䴢ǴħʦǱ߰ģЩħƷսʿǶûʲôȤעȷǳ١
㡼СһֱǸռ䴢ֱӾ͸˵ȥɣܳԡ
áСӹССĽָһĿռ䴢
ŵǳԵģһ߳ţһ߸С㣬ɵܳԣȥ
ãոһȭͰǸʿˣر˲𡣡С㲻Ͽ佱š
ģٹ˲һÿռ䴢ˣͦ˵ǣСүġ
СƨҪǮٴֱ֮󣬶ûԼԭȰǼһÿռ䴢ʳġ
С˱֮½½ģͬһ취׼ȰԵ̸ˡ
Щһ佱κǣСЦЦߵ㡵ǰ˵㡣Ҫô죿
ɣô죿㡻Ŀһתʵɱǣ
ֶ˶ҪǰˣСæ˵ȵȣԻǮġ
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ģЩˡ˵ģ
ȫսʿʱ۾ˣЩһǵ񶼲ˡ
ǰЩ˶ѩսʿ˵ǸƣǳȥˣҲǸսǺ֣ȷʵǮ
æ˰Ƕߣȥ䡣
СҲţȥЩҲ˵ģԸʱõ㣬Ҳм̵Ļᡣ

36 

ȥʱҪЩ˴ȥģǲǴҪԸ֮Ǳߵ˺ܿʹҹˡ
ǲֱѩ壬˲ɣԼҲȥˣֻͨˮ˵˹ʱ򣬶ħϣѽ¶ģעһֲԾܡ
㡿Сı֣ôôϡ
ֲĻ
½û˵ֻĺ
ˣվǱ𶯡ˮﴫΪֵȻǱߵѾˡ
ôһȺϻĳ̶ֳ˵ȷʵǺ˵ģǵĺպ½Ĵˡ
ˣˣأ۾Σյ
㣬ӦҪ˵ġħϵɪɪİװŽҵӸȥ
ѾȫļҲˣҪʦȫץˣҲҰѸеǮóġ
ڲó
Ǵûģ½Σյĵط֮һҪûʦǵĴ죬ƾЩħѧͽʿʲôģһһ
Ҳǰ׸ģǮǳЩ³ģϾǵ˳ϢǾԲᱻץסģ˳ôĽҡ
㡿ǰң΢΢۾˵ʮЩ˶ߵģҧһҪңҲ˵ˣû뵽Էԥ󣬻ĴӦˡ
ζû뵽һ׬ôôĽҡ
㡵Ĳӿϵĳ껢ûôˣ㡴װŽҵ֮󣬺ʱͼ
ѩԴսģԴҲģһ֣ʹǺúõļһ½ңû˱ӷˡ
ħϵħѧͽŷ˷ų˾ͺãų˾ͺã֪ЩҰļһ˽һˣѩǿŵġ
ڵЩ⡢һȺˣǿԼװûģѾͷˣҪʲô·
Ȼôʱڿѩսʿ֮Լʦһħ
֮һѩĵ˷ôʱ䣬󻹵ңſܳѩأʾҲҪˣȥѩɣȥ嶼ûôҵġ

37 ؾ

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㰡ҧҪңǸʱӳ˵ʮˡ
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Ǳߣ̸۵СţͻȻͿߵһսʿ첽˼ӰûˣٻʱѾؾˡ
͵ǵʳѩսʿ߿ŵؾ˵
أѩ嶼ŭˡ
ǶʳǺģ˭ҶҪŪ
ֻؾѩ׹£ɪɪֲ̿ץԼ·󡢴ˣֻ̫ˡ
С㿴۵ؾǵ·õģ˶ССģˣѩǣԼǹˡ
һ㶼ץȥ
ȥС˵
ؾãƻƭˡսʿָŵؾС㡣
⻰ؾǴ۾ȫˮ·һ־࣬ȻڱĵطûٱôԴġ
Ҳǣؾڴ½ϵã˺ģﶼҪ͵ġ
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УѩǴūġվСߵǸսʿ˵
ѩ忴ؾҲһ׼ȷ˵ǿҪſڳԶ嶼ᣬԴʷＦ
СĬһ£ʵ̫˽ѩıˣ˵¿Ըɻġ
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38 

ڶôʳջ£ѩսʿǣûİЩؾزˡ
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˵ҲǺòңԴ˵ѩĵ֮󣬾һֱŲ䷹ԵİȫӣΪֻҪСһ㣬һֱôȥģû뵽ѩѲ߶֮󣬾Ȼˣץһ԰Ǹȫˡ
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ôؾǣʵʵǡɡ
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39 

СջĿ֮󣬾оһеĿռ䴢
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ĵߵũĶɴǧϣȻǵعϣһ㶼ǧĶǧˮĶӽһǧ
һ׳Բ£СȻѡ˲ߵĺ
ΣǼλϢ
򿪡СԺзָ
װС㣬Ŀռ䴢ɷϸ¾ó˵С⣬ּռװԵĻ㣬ϵʺн
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һ£ԺлظԣҪʮĶصĺ֡
λ潻ܿͰСԷȥˣǱߵĻظҲܿ죬ʾлĴ󷽣Ǳ߻ᾡ׼ᳬʮӾܽнס
СνߵĽƷѾȥˣǱʲôʱ׶С
Сջ˼ʱѾҪˣǵѩһؾͷǳôˣЩģ
㡴ȥˣЩؾץģ˵Ŵ򹤡һսʿ˵
ǳԵأ
ڳǵҪɻġ
ˣſǣҸɻ˵Ҫʲô˵
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
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۾һҲʲôˣæ˵ʳǹҪҪȥץؾ
ѱÿ˵ǳˡ
Լ˲˵һС˲ӣæ˵ֻҪ򹤻ծģ͵ǵǵǵˣҪ֮㹤ʣĵؾȻԽԽõġ
붮ΪȻܶؾкܶʳˡ

40 

ѩǴûֹûϵС֪ô
ջ񣬿˵ǲˣڣѩڲĽǮõ˴Ļ⡣
СŶߵԼҵĲ䣬ЩõҧҧԺлĻһҪȫˡ
ôţһ紵һ
һһֻƣϻ±ƵĿһ˲ΪԼ񣬵Ūְ֮˵Ҳˡ
飬ԱߵС㣬ɫʱһóԵ̣
ǰȥϢɣҸպ·С˵
ðɣܳŶĵĻһ档˵꣬˸Ƿ˾͵ˣֱӱɴϻ˯ԭء
С㿴ƤëϣһɫСΣϻ˯ڵϣ˳޺èһ㡣
С֮ǰںҹһ춯صĺ˵ġ
ʹǻأҲûΣյģСЩûǵħޣЩĿѩսģָ˵ǺܶˣѩûսԱͱԵͷʣˡ
С첽ߵ峤ǱߣһЩսʿȥȻֿһֱλռţµĻȻջġ
Ÿոߵ峤棬˵ҪʮսʿطõĻǻҡ
ؽսʿʲô
Ҳ֪ǵ̵ңǡǸߺȻ˵ž飬ѩ峤ԽԽ䵭ĿУ˵ҲǱߡ
ѩѾܾûкϵˣⲻǺƭģʮսʿǶԴ򵽱ϳˡ
úõĻԸɵһˡ
ĿɨЩˣ˵Ҳͬ⡣
ȥľѩսʿûлģˣǳˣȻѩˣҲ˭ܰѩ嵱ġ
ǲѣǲܰսʿġ
˵ɫʱͲˣһ˹ʮþȵ飬˭֪ѩɽˣƫƫû뵽˲ʶô
˵ҧг˵ѩĲԸ⣬Ҳû취ʱɾûôõĻˣϾҵ飬ɲʲôʱеġ
ѩ峤Ĭ

41 

ʱվѩ峤ǰĺĺѩųٳٲӦ˵ףаޡ
յĺź֪֮ˣæѩ岿䣬˱䶯
ĺѩһߣԼǸ²Ů˿ɲһǸŮǱͻƶߣûаõĻʧȥľˡ
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ò׽ŰµͷصǾԲƻһеġ
ĺѩ΢΢˫ſʱǼᶨ
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Щ˻֮ǰ㶨飬ңǽսʿ
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峤ǻˣҲˣҡСæ˵
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ң
ô࣡
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Ҫ𣬻ң
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ֻҪһ뵽ʮ߶ʮ궼費ѩսʿˣ;һۺڡ
ѩ˻ģҪȻҲһĶЩѩ壬ʱʱˡˣʧûʲôʧԺ˵ϣҪ̤ˡ
Ҫǣ飬Ͳѩ뵽飬ǰ˰ˣпԴߵĶԼ飬һĺǸŮġ
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ʣʱ϶Ҫȥߵģ㲻嶼ҪѹȥӹȦ޳
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뵽ĺѩҲȥˣɫЩУȻҾˡ
һߣһˣæҲˡ
ʱȫûԼ߲ѩصĿܡ

42 

ĺѩ߳ʱ򣬿Щոջѩ̣Ųɵö˶١
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ĵģѩ嶼ˣپܾȥѩߵٰȥһҪˣôܲӦǵҪ
ƫƫʮþȵ鲻˱ʣô©ȫ󵽣ȥ֮𷣡
뵽һ˵ĽŲʱͳٻ˼֡
ĻлᣬҪǾôȥˣͶˣһתôˡ
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ʲô취һֵǸĺѩľ˾ˣعҲҵģˢȥˣҲøĺѩơ
ĺ걻ץˣûʲô뷨ģĺѩҲĻȥӰʹˡ
òôΣյĵطʲôûɾͻȥˣҲ⡣
ôʱɫ͸ˡ
Ҫǡͺˡ
Ϊ̫ڳأһԱ˵̫˳ˡ
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˶֪⻰˼ΪͬĻĬͷ
ʵ̫ˣûѩսʿǾͲʵ֮ļƻʵ֮ļƻͲأؾû취̵塭
Ҫǡ롣һдû˵Ǹ˿˵
˵ĽŲһ٣֪˼ĿҲ˳ѩǱ߿ȥ
֪Щʲô˵飬һĿȥ鶼ܺãһֻǰģԼɡ
ǶôƲߵһĻҪܹߵĻõˡ
ĺѩ˵鶼ҪУôȥǽְȱʧȥһУĸ׻Ϊһζ
Ҫǡһ䣬ַ·ʲôû˵һ㣬ĬĿš

43 ִ

С峤Ǳ߳ʱÿһ˻ûߣҿѩ˵ıر졣
룬һֻС̡
ֻܹС̾ǰСȥץݵģΪ̫Сûȥնˡ
ʱСѾ˹
ȻûиȥնǸ֪֪زսʿ˺ܶĺö
С˫۷ĿԼӵϱСԱ˵˼䡣
̿ʼЩӦĶ˶䣬Ȼ˫ˡ
һ˫ںĴ۾˲˹󣬷·˲һɫʡ
С֮СϻѾӵȥ
ֻСϻһͷＸ֮׷ˡ
ŵСϻǣڽ֮ٿȥ
û೤ʱ䣬ѩصǣͶ֪ʲôִ
ǵΪѩǹעģοǵĶҲС
¾սʿû䣬֮һ΢
ףôˣԱߵսʿʵ
ǡæĻ˵˳ֱӾԱߵսʿһһ㶵ġ
ãŻعȿȣʵʵҲͦġ
Ҳսʿ
̵ģǵĻ֮սʿǶĵļװģǱ߻ʲô֪ˡ
Ǳߣ˼һ˻һ֪
ԼǱѩǣ̬欵ĳǰȫλչʾԼ״̬
ĺѩһ˻û߳ѩأͿѩˡ
˵ѩѾ˥ôộһ˲ʵ
Ӹոճѩ峤һ·Ͼͼ˲ѩ̴ǰֱܹӾ·ɹ̫ģǵĿһֵĿͻϲ
˵Żͼһֻŵѩһӹ˽ţһ»ǰѩ̶˶ţæëˡ
⡢һν뿴ѩ̣
˵ĺˣǽҰһֻѩҪŪȥĻ
ܶѩ̰
ҪǶһֻӦûô챻ְɣ
ô棬ôĿԼһҲǺԼߵİɣ
˿ôСһֻѩ̣ٿԼӣһ˲Ķòˡ

44 

ˤѩ̣ܿͶ˶ϵĻҳ
СԴƺЩˤˣǰˣֿߵС飬һ䣬Ѿӵˡ
ߵֻСϻ̧Ѿӣһܻһ߻ͷֵǡ
ѵãǰûôѩ̳ɹ̫ĺѩ۾Ĺ⣬һȻġ
Ȼһսʿ˵ףҲֻǸսʿЩѩսʿûñȵģָЩ̻ܰŪȻ׸ЩħʦԸֵĻҵõʱôŪһЩӦûİɡ
ѩսҲǺǿģһֻܹ̾ɵһʿˣǩԼ֮ѩսʿˣڹʼҵȸ߹˵ʲôһսҳ϶ȸԶѵѩսʿаȫеأ
ѩսʿͱˣҪѩسΣգûʵ˸ѩսʿļ۸񻹻ߵ㡣
ϾеҪѩ壬һԸ߼۽ˣеһȺԸ߼۵ġ
ĺѩȵĿЩѩսʿ˵ӦöǺԵְɣѩأѩҲѩЩǻԸһ߰ɣ
ʵҲǲ԰ɣĺѩվڶм䣬ʾ
һ˶ʱĸˡ
Ҫ˵ôѩǵǰȥǲܵģǶħʦ˵ĹرͣħҪʱ䣬иѩսʿһߵĻǼֱ̫ˣ˭µġ
úõĻô֮һĻӵһԼѩսʿ
û˵ģһ˶һ񣬻ﶼˡ
ǲˡ
ҪûᣬҪһնûǸǲܵġ
Ȼѩĵ̣ǣЩô࣬ôңȥģЩսʿǺһ㶼ܵӣеֱӾſ˯
ôõĻᣬǽһ㣬ץסֻˣʱ򣬳ѩأܶԶܶԶ
ģһ˲ӡ
ǻʹ˸񣬷׷׿ʼѰ䵥ѩˡ
ǸûᰡûǣЩǻȥģֻҪǵٶȹ죬ץסֻˣô̾ˡ
ҪһˣֻҪԼˡ

45 

һͷƸȥЩǰһΣ˵ǾͰԼء
ǣҲæɲסţͷ˹ȥ룬ѾˣǻҪ𣿡
˵ҳô׳ӦҪҲǡ
ҲҪ߰ôԣ·߶ɹôõ̫ˣҲ
С˵ţͻȻһֻͣ˸ߴ
ǱߣѩսʿѾˡ
ħʦû£ͱȫ˻ĸץסˡ
ñӶˣץˣǸС顣
ʲôˣôץ
ߣǹȥ
æ˹ȥʱҲѾˡ
ôץģʵ
ʵҲһѾǱ˵ǼһĴһȥǱߵƭƭȣȻͰǸץˡ
˲Ťˣôʲô¶ˣץǳ˺ˣŶ
ͱ˵ҲһĲϳԼ˺ܾõĹͷڲݵţ˰죬ۿЩ˹ˣҪˡ
ӲǴŴһΧЩתȻԽתԽԶϵĹͷˡ
˵ǣȥȽϺãЩ˾ȻϹˣѳԵĸǡ
ڷﶶôõë
һԹǵԱߣͬԹ׺ݵĿ
˯ſڣſ˯˯ų˯ǵҪô˯ſץ
һǿҷצӣҼ̵ݣһ˦β̡֤ͣ
Ҹһ·ˡ
ǰǺþãʼǿҵģȻȥˣһСߵָָĺѩ
ҡ
߷߷߲ƽʱĺѩҲ±ơ
ʳջѩ֮ϵ˳ǺܿͰЩ̸ƭˡ
ʱǽŵĶҪˣһƭֻѩ̹
ҪǰǸȥۿɼٻ˰
ĺѩֱǼòС
ûԥģж˺ʱ֮ͽ˶֡
ôѩ̣ڲץĻֱҪںˣǲܲץģǵĻᰡ
ץѩ׼ܵʱЩսʿǲ֪ѸٳˣͰǸץ˸š
ץˡţ

46 ϲ

һȺΧЩ۵ʱѾսʿǺһˡ
峤ϵ˹ȥҲûֱӾ峤ʼεսƷˡ
Ӵ򿪵һ̣½ӲӵĽ˲ѩ嶼ˡ
ѩӶһ͵ĿǱߣǼĽˣͲˣҲõ˱һȥˡ
ѩ嶼һ̸ӣ˷ŽԼ棬㡣㿴ﻹм
û˵꣬ǴҵľձŶЩҲǽҡ
һӣѩǿĺѩ⼸˵Ŀ⣬˺üȡ
˵ˣ㡣۾˷
峤Ļ֮ʶĿС㣬ĿǸ˵ɻԱߵļǮ
Ϊ㡵Ŀ̫ˣҲС㡣
һ˫˫ۣ涼ҪƮŽˡ
Сû취˳ʵǼҪԼԼҪǰ̻᣿
ĺѩˣһʵѩȻô̬
һֻɼܵҰѩ徹Ȼвˣ
ǣΪʮþȵ飬űǸں۾Լѩ̣̾໡໡໡
ƣ±˲֪ץһ
һ̣ѩսʿǾͰǸΧˡ
ץ˸֤֤̻Ľš
̫ˣ
Ʋ˵
СĿɨЩˣΪһ˴ͷҲ˵Ҫֿˡ
ЦЦ˵ѩǴûиūԷϰףҪǲԼĻȥ̻·Ͼ졭
в
ĺѩݺݵתͷСһۣ۾ȫǷŭĻ⡣
СûаССв
Ȼѩƣһ࣬ǸʵզвͲҪĺðɡ
Сְҵʲô࣬ɫɫ˼࣬˼öˣҲ׼ˡ
ѾĿ±ûʲô˻ȥǣȻȥͦʵģһɵС϶Ǵˡ
ɨΪ׵ǸˣǹЦûϵάʾ˵еģоûϵˣͲС⡣
ˣҪǮҪʱ̻ɲʲôӲӵģȥ£ȥҲм
С˹ĵģҸӵʱ俼ǡ
ĺѩŭˣҧгݣոǲŴϰѶ˵ġ
ŶսƷҲսƷС˵
ĺѩŹ⣬ԼͬǣɫŤһ˲˵Ҫ١
һһٸҡС㾫׼һ˵
ĺѩ˲޵Ļ𻨣ǲ̫ˣ
㿼һ£ҪǮҪɡ˵
̳Ĭ

47 

ϣȻô޳ܵѩ塣
ĺѩһ㶼ѩ˵ģû취С˱˵һ㷴ʱûС
ұѩϵĺڣֻҪܽˣҪ䵽̻ĻǲҲҪһƤˡ
һٽҰЩڿҿңõǮҲһٽˣһתۣҪ䵽ѩ
Ҫ֪ôѩĵ̵ġ
ϧûкҩôģôϣʱ䵹ϣҲֻдϢȥ˰Ǯùˡ
ܵ˵䵽ѩﻹǺõˣƼ˰һ͵̻ǱߣǾͲˣ̻Դѩ˻ǿԴͬǾûôˡ
ҪãǾȥûˡ
ĺѩһжװ֮󣬿ɳܵаѩĿˣԣ
С
ѩ𣿡ĺѩСתͷ֮ǰʵһԴ³Ұѩ壬Ҳ䵽ز
ǾȻѧ˽
ĸɱĽ̵ȺҰˣ
С㻹ûлشԱߵѩǾĿ¶׹ˣĺѩ׺ݵĿ֮£һӾˡ
Ϥ񣬻ϤĶðɣҰѩ塣
ǾôˣأҪԼԼȥ̻ǱߺѺýһ£
Сü۴ЦЩ˵Ŀ⻹ǺѺõġ
ֻôЦţ粻ЦһӴǶѩҰ֪ڳĬһ˲֮󣬼½½ˡ
ԣԼԼ
ÿңҲǡ
Լ꣬Һһ
ǵģǲ鷳̻ᡣ
ô鷳ˣԼꡣ
Ҹһ
С㿴ǶôʶȤϵЦݸˣУȻҶôģǾ͵ɣҪ˵һŶȻûˮûʳġ
һ취ĺѩʱɫͽӲˡ
ɫէէףû֪ˡ
У㡣Ѿʹˣ˵Լֵһٸң߸ˡС㵽Ϊֹ
˵սʿˣС峺ˡ
һһٸң߸˾߰ٸҡ
߰ٸҪٸѾ֪ûϵ϶Ǻöö࡭
ۣǵĲǸǮĲˣ
Сǻ˵ţ˷ܵСκ졣
ţҼǵãٽһҵģ
СԱߵսʿ㡾ȫû뵽ô̵ʱ䣬Щ˾ȻָˣĿŵϵС顣
һ̣ľˣԺѩĺˡ
ÿһֻ࣬Ҫúõı

48 

ȻˣôʱͲˣϾôãʺֵء
СĿЩ˵ϣתѩǱȥˡ
˵ˣ㣬Ǽ̶Ҫһ£峤ո˵ˣǴӽ컹Ҫѩˡ
һ±ƣʲô
ʵʵĴˣСԡ
ҲȥΪոС˵ˣҪʼˡ
Сûô֪Щ˻ԼԼжô˲𣬶峤ô˵ˣǾôɡ
䣬طһָֻŵģ˵ˣ˵磬һһȥˡ
ѩûôӣ峤˵ʲôʲô
峤Ǿ͸˵ˣʲôǳ˵ѩģǾټϺܶԵġ
Сߵ棬ʵѩж󣿡
ѩضѩġͷ˵һֱܵĻҪʮ²ܵס
СˣѩսʿٶȣǸոյģȫٱܻҪʮ£˵Ǻܴˡ
طеطĺôʱͲõûطˡ
ҾͷˣЩԿĵطذɣԺǾкܶʳˡС˵ţͿʼսʿǽοˡ
ȣҪ滮һµ棬ΧڵĲҪȫŪʯͷҪȫŪߡ
С˵꣬սʿǾͿʼˣȻ̺͵ؾҲûзŹڸɻ棬˭ܡ
ѩ֮һﵽ˶ѩرĴ󣬶ëѩ治ǿЦģֱӾͶ·ˣһΣǱȽ϶ģָӵĴΣСΣնС
ѩȫʢʱڣǻȥѩ޻ֲԴѩĻֶʧԺսʿսͲˡ
ѩֵطȥҲûܻ߳ѩ壬ǲѣ峤ǲսʿǽȥġ
ˣСĻǳԵ⣬лĻҲ֮ػ߽֮ء
ܹҪܹһطġ
û뵽Ÿոյѩ壬Ѿˣ˳ܹ˵ûʲôԹԣʵϣѩ͵ԵģѾⱲ󵨵ľˡ
ǰѩսʿڵأؾֻһۣʹڿҿҵˣȻһƬɫлֻؾ֣ʱѾûˡ
һֱϣ˶ſˡ

49 

µĸɻȻܰѩսʿǸſˣһ֮ڣ߷ΧڵȫŪãǺ˵ġ
ЩزǷǳĺø㣬ȫʯͷ˻˻е͡
ǿȵһսˡ
ѩսʿǻã˳Էʱ䣬ؾѾſڵ߲ˣȫѩսʿŻȥġ
ǡ
ߵöģҡҡλԼߣ곤̣Ҫæקű˵βͣһֻȥ
СǱսʿǰȥġ
ȥʱģʱѾˣҲôѹեͶ
Ҳʲôûĵġ
ȥĵһʱȥ峤ǱҪ͹ͷ
ɫƮɢ˵
ոߵսʿŲһ٣ƣľʱ滺ˣ뿴ζƮķ
ǳԵģ
սʿǵһ˿ȻŲͽȻӿ죬ѸٳζԴȥ
ǼϿŵĵؾ˵Ҳƣ۾תͷǱߡ
Сɵ˫ۣʱ
СȣٵζԴţеĸɴȲˣΣٶһ㶼Щսʿٵ˹ȥ
°ĭҪŵĻ̣ʱҲˣ̯ͷſ۾Ŀĵؿ񱼶ȥ
һʯڲ˵ʵ̫ˣС˶ʮʯæʯսʿ̫ˣһʮ
ĹûиɻͳһʳģƽȽϺõʳǷҪȥɻսʿġ
ڲ֮ǰöˣС˶ʮһǰʮǸȥɻսʿģһ˵ġ
ãԶͱ˲ͻ
С㿴ǿҿ۾Ӷʯˣֻһֻֻѩɫͻӿ񱼶ɱɱƣ˵Ϊ˳Ժܼᶨˡ
һֻֻϻ󣬸źöֻͬѩ׵Сȿ񱼵Сϻ
ĿһµģͣСǰĿ
С㣺
ʯĹͷԽԽ㣬ɢζûǶʼȲˡ
㡿ɫʿˮ˵Ǹǵ𣿡
š
СӦһȻأ㲻ǸģڻǰʳҲֻиˡ
ǣôĻעš

50 

ЩһѾŶˣСӣҲûԺˡ
ﶼиӸţȻЩһͣʱ򣬻ҳҪˡ
ʯŨˡ
ѩǶ˶ӣѿ죬˼ȷˣҪԵġ
СʱҲûпɫԼС룬۾дҪԵģҪԣҪԣҪԡ
ˣ֪ˣҰΰͷŽȥС˵꣬Ϳʼΰˣʱȫ˶ѾܳˣΧ
㣬㣬ҪԵġ
Ҫԣԣԣԡ
ʼʱСڴߴţսʿǶ̲סζˣ׷׿ڵ𣿿Գˡ
죬㰡ҪԵģ㣬㡣
㣬Կġ
СţͻȻһǰ̧ͷһðɣ峤
峤װһ֮ߵһߺȵһ˫׺Ļ۶
ڲǶԵȵġ
ѩ峤֮ӵкܴȨΪһ£峤ǴͷܵģǵϮҲãҲãֻҪһûеȫĵط峤ǲߵġ
ѩ峤Ǻ𾴵ġ
صĹֵܷ࣬õҲ࣬ؾҲֵˡ
ʳġ
С㿴ǽζĺСһ˫˫Ҹ۾ǹǳЦ
һȺļһء
С֮󣬾ʯǱˡ
еʱߵţͱǱߵ̸ˣС˭Ҳ˭޺һֵϸˣҪӰѻͿѩˡ
С㿴һ飬һҪ峤Ǳ߶һ
Ϊ̫˵ԵʣＴʹ˲ٵĽң峤ҲûǷſԣǽСĵİЩҸ
С㲻֪Ҫʲô峤ôܹôĵģûʲôɵ˼ֻÿŪԵĳͺˣϾ֮ǰ˲ġ
óԡ
ҺܾûгԵˣҵһŶ
ʱ򣬸ҴģѾȥþˡ
Ҫɻɻԡ
ữεģһֻֻѩɫСϻݵģ۾ŶµĹâ
ǿһ㶼˷ѵİм˸ɾ

51 ħ

Ұɫգ紵ҶӳܵĹľ
ѩڵĺˮֻɫСæš
ڶӣǰһһ
ӣǺǰһһ
ӣǺ֮ǰһһ仯ûС
ѩսʿǻãǿȥЩƣͣôģ뺷ڻǳŵסġ
һֱŸǿȹѩǣͷſڵϣһѾһֻ״̬ˡ
໣ͷ۵κѩ̣۵ûˡ
ץסһֻƤĵ֮󣬱Ҳͨһڵϣ˻Ϣ
Ҳһֻϻһ㣬һȺڵϵѩ׻棬۵βͶ˦ˡ
㣬̫̫׵кܶ໰Ҫ˵ܾô붼ԣ³һ䣬̫ˣ峤¡
ѾѵĴ涼˳˵ѺԵһܷŹˡ
ֵҼᶼŰˣҪ֪ô࣬һºͱһȥץҲǺõİ
ûϵ˵ЩȥιʷＦġſڵͼ΢Ц̫ˣˣҲϻһֻļſš
߻ãսʿǸ࡭
֪˭ôһ䣬ڳǲɵ뵽ЩսʿǸɵĻȫĬˡ
ǰǲĸΣգڶҪͨͨ
˵ĻԺЩ氡ɵİʲôʲôģͻԵǵʳʲôɳչʲôѺð߻ء
໡
һֻѩͷ
ȻģҲ뵽Сһͷ
ԶѩսʿǻæţʯĸʯĸΣյĸΣգ֮ûһֻлġ
ؾǻæѺֵѾʹõĵ棬ǵĶҲܿ죬ˮӶͷϲͣš
ûһֻؾ͵ɫƤϣˮӨĹ⡣
òףֻ֮ؾҲѾûĵ·ˡ
Ҹоһ̫ˣҪ˯һᣬ¼ǵýҿɲ뱻ѩĸߣһԼĵطˡ
ۣĺۣҪǡҪһֱֵؾͺˣЩѩ廹Ǻ׵ؾҰͣ˵˯ȥˡ

52 õط

￴Ա˵ˣƣ˯գҲ΢΢˿
ǰҪǾôһֱŵؾͺˡ
һֱǶضصģûʲô˻ӭǣһֱǶڵġ
ؾﶼūÿԵõһԵģøɻʱֱӶˡ
ûԸΪؾʳֻڳص֮ԼȥץһЩӺ͵ڵϵмͰ
ǺЩѩ˳Եһġ
ǻǺܺ£ȷʵ̤ʵ˲١
ѾǵؾеˣƶУûʲô˵飬һҪ˵ĻǴžһ죬ǵı£ҪľͨõħƷ͵͵Ǳѩĵ̡
ʱǻ½ģҪߺԶ·ߵħƷʹþڣһ·ϣʧ˺ܶˣֻǱˡ
ħƷǵģǽ֮󣬾ͳȥˣûϵǸʱҲûȥԴһֻؾ͵˴ħʦʲô֮ǵؾûл·ˡ
ѩڵѩأǴ½Σյĵط֮һǴû˵ѩȥץū
ҲΪ󵨵Ĵǹˡ
ʼʱţѩĸЩΣյģֻҪѩڣħǾͲᵽǾܺܺõѩĵϻˡ
û뵽ѾСĵȡʳˣǱѩսʿץˡ
Ҳãĵ֪ʲôʱͱ˵ģѩֻҪɻгԵģǰδԹļͷǵķݡ
Ҹĵؾˡ
£ĽŻɹţһ㶼⣬ֻãϵĹ⣬ֱҪɹˣĶůůġ
һֱѩ壬̫ˣеطסгԵģöӣҲõʲôʱû˯˵
ҲǣҴûгԹôóԵģҸ˵ǹõĵؾˣҪҲͺˡһֻĵؾ˵
ǰ̫ˣҪúøɻǧܱϳȥ
ǵ۾Ҹɫߵˣֻٺòˡ
紵ݵأҶ졣
леķƮ

53 ˵

ڵؾſµʱѩսʿҲеҡҡ׹ˡ
ǵӲһǾԲԸǰ¶һģ̫ˣػΡ
Щؾϴζ۵ÿ°ĭˣԸ뿪䣬໣ҵһֻѩ׵Ĵϻ˵
ˣǿµҪǹˣ㻹Ҹ˵ҪؾؾĻ𣿡
ԱߵĴ׻˦һβͣ˵໣Ѿɲˡ
ǲԵؾģǸʱеɣؾԲ
ʱǸµ̾͹ŹֵĿһۣʲôû˵ȸţôľãؾбҪġ
Ǹµ̵Ǹʲôʲôũƻеȥץؾĳ嶯ˣⲢ˵Ӧֵء
ֵ֮鰡ʲôг䣬ʲôʲô໣ԼĻͷˡ
Ҫ̫æˣ̻ϵʱ䣬һЩûֵ顣
ԽԽÿ£һƺԼϣܾȥˡ
ҡҡλε˹һӾͱɻſ˵ϣǵǿ찡ҲŸոꡣ
㡣㲻˵ģҶ֪㣬ҲѾһֻˡ
ҲǣȫǸµ̸ˣľãбҪ֪һ³սʿϵġ
һ˫ϵĻĿһۣȻǱʳ𣿡
ѩսʿһĬ
ѩսʿĬ
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뵽Щˣ²ɵЩȻ
㡣˵ˣǾǾñŤһӦЩؾǵģûɵ˼
ǰ˻֪ԲԵñЩ겿ԽԽˣÿˡ
˵˵ţֻϻûˡ
˦βͣ˵̫ˣúøɻҪôãٽвٵʳʱЩҲܻصˡ
㡵Ļ˵꣬ѩսʿʱ۾׷ױ֤Լһúøɻġ
Щսʿû֮㡶ʱͷˡ
ѩ׵ԴſڰڷźõĻצ棬ͻȻ֪뵽Ǹô˵峤ţ
ңԶļ仺£˹
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á
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˿۵ðսʿǣĬĬıͣǻǲҪ֪峤ô˵ĺá
ˣô׶̶ȥ곤ÿ˵㣬ͷ滹⣬̹úþͲҪƽ̫ˣҪƽ̫ˡҴš
﹡ߣʱС㿴Ұڵľ
΢룬аõʵ̫ˣ˶죬Ҳǿñһ㡣
Ŀһת׶Ǳߡ

54 ж

ڶ죬Сȥ׶
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С㿴һŰޣЩεģôСҪȥɻˣҲһӵʱ䡣
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һѵİ޻±ƵĿС㣬ڷǻ֮˷ˣҳԵġ
ĿɨһȦֻ֮޶ʱήˣûгԵġ
ˣСС˵
ԻεǶȥˣЩܻεҲʲô鶼˵ģιʷＦõܹµġ
ϾʳʲôĶѾ׼ˣݶˣЩһֻҪ˺ͷźþˡ
ȻҶѾˣǾͿԿʼõһˣĻӴӸɻʼгԵģҲܼ򵥵ģֻҪҰѻռõĳӺͲݴز䣬ʷＦ÷ȥˡ
С˵֮󣬶һ±Ƶ۾
ữεСǣСΧԲ
ŶѵѾǲı
һֱǳ˯˯ģҲҪɻˣ
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СȻҲ뵽˲֮ǰİţΪ˼ǵģǻģⲻˣǾûҪǰװɽĹˡ
Ͼ˯鱾ͲģֻʼµĲѰˡ
Сٻƽ£תۼ䣬СæӪ
뵽˲ɻˣǶкܶԵġ
ֻҪ͵㶫
Сݣ˸Ƿһں̬
׶˳ӵ̬СҲûԣиԵģЩЩЩͷ
ˮ
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峤
Ǹµ̣׶ﲻữεС̶ˣ
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峤ף

55 

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Ҫ˵ЩʲôȽѶȵĻǴžȥ峤ʳˡ
ÿȥ˵ʱ׶һ۵𾪡
ڱ鶼˵峤ʳرĿţʹ֮ǰһǮҲ᲻ó
ҲģϾ峤ЩǮһõĽҪǻˣûˡ
һΣ˵ʱ򣬿峤һ˵ĿǸװŽҵӣģ֪Щʲô
Ǵܿͱɢˣ峤һĿȫǸˣûʲôʱ䰧ˣһվܡ
ҲˣһС̣Ҳ֪Ǽһʲô
СľڲţȫǸ
ʵǲ̫Ӧʲôûеģ֪Ӧݵĵطû취Ϊ˹õ㣬ֻƴˡ
˿ܻҪûеϷʲôģֻܣ
ڲʷＦڴ֮󣬾ͦģ춼µĵ
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Ȼеһ˿Ѿˣֱžһ±˻εڵ˯ˣȻͻᱻսʿβʹȥ
ڶԴֳ棬ѩž˵־ģСãֻҪûѣЩһǿ԰ϰ߼ֺܾá
ôҲûеģŲʷＦµջԾ˲١
⼸죬ˣÿ϶Цݡ
սʿǵ۾Էɵɫ·𳤾Ŀѣɢһ㣬µϣһ㡣
СôţСѾվ峤׵ǰ
ܵףĿ⾪ֵĿС㣬Ҹ㣬㲻Ҫ˰ǾԲģ
ҶŬĹأôܲԱأС˵
˵ѾܺˣǳԵʲôģ׼ֱҪץˣÿ춼ҪԵġ
ȻȻʳȷʵܺóԣһԭ峤ÿ춼Щһǻʳ
ںܾǰѾǸ峤ˣǾԲһٰѳԵĸŪˡ

56 ó

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СϵıǼᶨǲԺõĻսʿǾͲܺúõˣҲܳɺսʿ
ɫȻĵͷԼĽѾӣңѵĺǶһҾͲսʿˡ
峤׺һϣôС̣۵΢΢죬ģ𾪵צӶˡ
ԥһ˵Ǿ͸ֻʷ
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С룬һͷ̧ʱ۵һ峤̫ˣֵġ
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ѩôͲˣȫȫûһԴûгԵģҲеɡ

57 ץ

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СһһţʱʱĿֲ
ֵø˵ǣԶӣЩӺܸߺܴ󣬲ҼԵĵطûһֲ档
С㻯˹ȥȵ˵ط֮оһӣܿȷˣӡеӡ
ӾͺðˣѩͲһֱʹƤװˡ
ⵣ롢񱭡ͲɡȡΡʡ񴲡ܡܡȣֻҪʱ䣬Ҳͳͳó
ӻԱƸũߣɸɨ㡢ɹȡ
Щȫһ׵ѩҪģҪǽӵڴͨԵˮܣũȺˮ֮á
СԽԽģǺλ֮󣬾ͼˡ
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еᵽԼǰ׺˵ˣȻҸѲ߶Ӻܣ
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ȫѹС㣬Ѿֿˣһһ޿ıʾԼ֪ˡ
ȥǲܻȥġ
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£С޼ϵƤԼԼ֮侲Ŀ㡣˵ҰɣȥûʲôʷＦҪĶ
ͷʱҪܾģԽԽ޷ˣʷＦʱ͡Щܾˡ

58 Σ

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СԥӴ棬ʾԼ£ôǰ汻ҳץ飬Ѿѡˡ
ҵͷԵЩΪѣûдѲ߹ġ
˫ĻɨС㣬û˵һѾסȣģҪòʷＦǾͲˡ
һ࣬˵Уɲܡ
á
ûãѲսʿǵߣ׺һС׵ˡ
ʵճѲߵΣԲ󣬱Ͼѩսʿÿ춼ڰΣնɱҡ档
ǵҪҲǿصı仯ҪзʲôԵľ͸ˡ
ҲѲսʿԣķСҶĿģʲôѲսʿ˽Լ̸пյء
һʱ䣬С㶼ѲսʿܣܶǴΧģĻǺܴġ
СҲûջһص㣬ҵ˺ܶʯͷ
ޱԲʯݣʯͷģߵطɫԲʯ֮ңʮҲΪС
õľǺʯͷڻȥʱСҲûֱӾѲսʿǣæЩʯͷŪȥˡ
ټɣ
ѾҲ뿴һ͵Ķˡ
ڻҪǵȵ˶죬Ƕëѩ£ĺ紵Ҳ֪ѩʲôˡ
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ԣʯݣǱҲзӵģõשͷ㣬ӲȻʯͷãķѩס
Сһ˵꣬۾˼֣˵УԺǲסˣҲúͺ̻ỻˣ
ôһսʿסһ䡣
սʿҲ˫۷ĿС㣬˵ٽɡ
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Ҫǽ췿ҪܶʯͷеԶСĻſ˸ͷ;ˣʯͷǻŪȥ㲻ū
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սʿҲӦˣ˵ŻǰƵȥŪ˻

59 Բʯ

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ģҪŪʯͷģǾԲӦġ
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ðɡ
СӦһЩϻǸ˾ͺá
һʯͷ˻ȥʱСͺúõһ²ĵ̡
Բʯݣʯʯڶס޻࣬ʯʯɽΡԲ׶λ״ݶ޻ཨĵʹ
Բ׶ΰǽɫʯƬԲγɵľɫһĳԽʱķΧСŴġ
ʱҲķˣҲķˣõķӡ
ʯи͵ص㣬ǷǳĿѩססž͵µᷢиůĺô
Сǰʯͷи֮󣬾͵˹滮סլˡ
ÿӶҪдԷҪ´ˮۡ
Ѳ߲ӻʱ򣬴رʯͷڵҲ˹Ҫʲô
׷צӣ˹ȥýסʯͷһѲսʿʲô
˵ҪӣԺǾͲúͺ̻ˣЩʯͷ跿ӵĲϡǸսʿʵʵ˵
ӣ
׵˫΢΢ںʱȥģ֪Ǳߵ˶סӵģȻССģķӲסôð
ϧʱ˺ܾãûѧôӣû뵽̾Ȼᣡ
վСǰ˵ʱ䣬ҰѲ߲ӷֳһǷӡ
峤ģһúġС˫貶˵Ҳǿֵ
׵˵ͷ˵úøǷӣ鶼ҪˣҪ˶סϷӣԺǲʡǮˡ
˵꣬Ŀ˿ϵʯͷȻʲôûпĿģˡ
õ峤ָСҲܿģܸĽʯˡ
һһ䣬ҲҪˣ

60 Э

ߣ졣
ʯͷʯͷ졣һڱδæȻ죬
ľûл߶Ѿиˡһ׷̧ͷ˵
ȥȥһ˵սʿ˵껰ͱһֻ׻ʯǱ߷ɱȥ
ѩźܶɻսʿûܼ¾ͿӰˣԭصսʿʯȷʵˣҲ׷׻ϻ˳ȥ
СҲûţһֱָսʿδʯݡ
Ҫǵѩסն÷ʯҿ飬ΧԲηᣬʵ߶ȣƬ״Ƭ϶ÿƬխⶥԲ׶μⶥ
һԭʼĽݷʯҿķᣬ̡ů
ʯͷʯͷʯͷһδ󺺹ǽ˵
ˡһδ󺺰Ѿиõʯ˹ȥ
յѩ岿һƬÿ˶ڻӺæԼϵ顣
Ʊ紵ò֪ȥ
ûãһʯݾͽˡ
Բ׶εݶɫǽ滹СŪ̫״װΡ
ӽõһ̣뽨սʿԼסˣ·𲻸һ㣬ȻİѷӸŪˡ
峤յϢʱ򣬶Ѿˡ
ⲿͻȻðķӣգ˺ü۾ڣȻķһ㶼һǿȥÿ
ЩԼļˣȥʱ򣬼ľõĵط˰
ôڲķӱ滹Ҫã
峤ôˣС׿˺ܾö˵ʵ
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š
׳ʹĿһС㣬̫ˡ
ڵսһرر٣ԲžôսûйϵĶ
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Ŀ⿴ŵС㣬Щ֣˼һת֮󣬾ˤʯˡ
ЩһһǾԼߴߴģǸƣԺžҪ˸۸ƣԼܿһսûС

ܲܺúùˣ
ҲлȨĺòã

61 

ʱ򣬴ϻСϻǶƺƵܻԷˡ
ԭ·߶ǺֱӵģҪԳԳԳԳԾˡ
ֻһأǲų嵽棬Ϊ׵Ǽֻϻͽɲˣͣ˲һʯǰ档
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Ѳ߶Ӷӳعʱ򣬱رһѾǵǸǺõķ֮󣬱ӵһѾˡ
ǱߵĴСǻ໽ţѾѧŶӣһȥţȳȥȥԷ
ĪһԼӵģҲ֪ǲǱˣÿҪݵʱ򣬶˸ˡ
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ǣ˶֮һֻģźüѾӡǵڽԼҡ

62 

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ѹָոЩǳȥʱ򣬻ûѾӣҪǱ˵ķӣҲüˡ
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ڻӡӡ
Ķİڷڹ档
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Ī˵꣬ͱɴϻ׼ɱȥˣּæ˻СţȻŻֵ˳ȥ
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ûϵ˵ˣʯͷкܶģÿ˶Լķӡ
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˵ʱִѲ߶ӵսʿȥǷˣʯĲǸӿŻŪá
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ǶܹˣͣĿ佱ŷرãеĻôŪģԺ·ˡ
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Ṇ̀ҲҪͰÿ˶סϷˣٲøǮˣ
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峤ͬ𣿡һиʯͷսʿ̧ͷʵ
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£һƬѩǾæµţ΢ش·𴵿ĵ׳ĳࡣ

63 ռ

һĻ֮󣬴Ҷ׼˯ˡ
ϻСϻظңȻ󡭡
ûþʹӸܳˡ
ĪǴ˯ģŵſڣ;üôоʲôΣյأ
͵һͷûпʲôǰʱ򣬺Ѿռˡ
л˵ǣȻйˣ
УУУС
ǵ󣬰ĪҲˣ˵ʲôҲûõģȥˣǾ˯
סڸ˵ûʲôʵʵĴԼ棬һֻֻģ۾ȫߣ
ڣڼ֮󣬾ͱ˴󲿷֡
Ȼ˻Ҫ˯ļſˣȻ峤ûУ峤ֻĵĿȻԼ峤ȥ˯ġ
ȴҶź֮󣬰ĪŷԼվںããҹվ˸˸ǹ֮¡
ãǽһ˯ɡ
ĪվԶĵطû취ȥҲȥȥȫǰëϻſ˯ء
˸Ƿɻſһ˯ˡ
ڶ졣
һɵĹߴǳڴʱѩѾȫˡ
û취Ҫɻ
Ҫɻ
öĻҪ
ĽĿ۰Īķ֮½½ķֿˣǷӵĸǷӡ
Ȼ⼸첻ͣĸɻΣյǸСѾԻˡ
ֲ£ҲֻܽˣĿǰǷҪġ
Сʱ򣬰µһҪˣǼʯݡ
㣬Ҫʲô㲻ʵ

ϣ˵ôɣеһսʿЦ˵
ãҪõʯͷģʯͷиôС飬ҪС˵š
û׼ôǻģĽĿ⻹ĿȰѻǳôеط档
ҪúܴӵģԺˣǾͿ￴ȹеʱˡ
ȻڽҪĿľǹѡ
ϾҪǷӻҪͦһʱģҲȫ˶۰Ͱ͵ĵš
С˵˸ע֮󣬾ʹµѩսʿʼˡ
ò˵ѩڸɻǷǳģ˽ȷǳ졣
ڼС㻹ȥסլĸסǱҲúܿ죬ΪѾ˵ԭСȥʱǱ߾Ѿ˰ˡ
ٶȣһͿ׸˷ˡ

64 ͬ

ǰûõʯͷ񶼳˱
ѩĸɻٶǲ˵ģڹò֮ǻԷȥʯͷ
ȻҪǰڵĹӣЩ֮ǵĹҲͺˣ˲ʱȥʯͷ
ڻĽ裬ҶǺģ޲϶೤ɻ
Сһֱڼ๤ţ˵Щϻ͵һ߿һָǽˣҪһֱţͷβָһ顣
㡴źܶʯͷ£ڴĿС㣬ôķӣԺԴܶˡţ˵ǡ
·Ļữε̣ʱ˫ĵͷţ
Ժ·ʯˣôô嶼СС㸧˵
ʮ㣬һӵĹġ
ðɣðɣʱŪ㳡ɹ̫˯СѾ˵ˣèǾϲҸطţ۾ɹ̫
˵˶ٱ鲻Ҫ·ɹ̫Ҳûס̫ããǵľͱΣеſš
ҲˣС˾һҪ·̺õġ
ѩսʿǵжǺܿģȻȸס󣬵ߵడ̫ɽһ̣ǰѻǳˡ
ڷɵһ̣еսϻһſ˵ϡ
Ѿˣ˫ĿǴĻۺӡ
û뵽ѩȻҲôķˡһɷϻսʿ˵
Աߵսʿһۣѩģ
ɲôķӰǵ̶ȫȥˣɽ󰡣Ҳˣ˵һأѩ
Ŷǿ㣬ǼһֱӰʯͷˣ̫ˣԺҪСһǡ
ѾμӹԶӵĳսʿ˵ţͬĿСһۡ
СͷϵҪˡ
ѩȫԱϵ£ϵףȫԱսΪ㣬ʵǿʵǳ󣬿˵Ǻֱ׺ܷȻɵһˡ
ǣҲ룬սܵĻѩô䵽ϰ
֮ǿ壬ɲһãͲõϵİˤ
С㼸Ҫ󺰣Ҫͬˣ
ҲлȨģ

65 

ϳ극֮󣬴СϻǼ嶼һš
Ѿ˸סʲôģǵǿ֮󣬻Ǽģ۾ˡ
ۣô
ۣúÿ
ۣǴҵģ
껢ǻãӣȥס̻ǾѾ̲סˣȫڵϴˡ
ľͷģȵûɳӵëһֻ˫۷
֫Ŷ̯ڵϣһӣֵĸһš
վԱߵһսսʿ⻰һ˵Ҹԡ
û˵꣬ͱݵĴ׻ڵϻֵĴˡ
Ҳƽƽһͦսʿæѧɴ׻
ţģʺϻ
ôķӣǿ˯ˡ
ǲ峤𣿡
㿴棬峤ѾˡһָŶ¥ͬ鿴
峤ףæס׼壬ĿĿ棬ׯվ߶
峤Ȧˣһ⡣һѩսʿ˵
Ҳȥ¥˺٣һϴϲЦ˵꣬ͳŶ¥ܹȥˡ
̿˹ȥҲæϡ
Ҫˣûеط˰
˵ǻԺҲԹġ
ûҾˣԺϢĵطǻˡ˵ĻرˣȻеĵһʳá
վȺУĿǵϣôˣýģȻѲһȦ֮Լ˸ط˻Σģſڵˡ
ҿֵˣ϶ôɻˣȥ̽С̡
ذеûϵұɻԡ
һֻһ̫į˰ɣ㡣
ҶȽϲΰҲ׶Բԣһһ𡣡
󣬴Ҷҵ˱ɻδĽڣеرĲġ
֮ǰû˯ϸסլܻεġܻεǣɽˣһڻߡ
СϻӵģսʿҲˣڻڻڻ潨õĶס߶ûϵģһ濴˯ˡ
ҹǹ˸˸ģϻһԼϣһߵŽ̸ı仯⡣

66 

һӵĻӺ֮, ѩѾѵĵԽԽˡ
ؼǲı仯ҲԣһÿķӣЩʯʯĽΡԲ׶λ״ݶǳر
ЩӵݶΡΡͷΡεװ, ǸãԼϲʲôͼڽ跿ӵʱ򣬴кˡ
Ȼ࣬ÿһѩ岻ô, ﶼġ
ڿ˲֮, СûǼ, Ͼ־ô࣬Ѷ˵Ҳûũϡ
, ڲ֮Сһ˶ȥ跿ˡ
ʳ, ֻҪ֧ƽ⣬ͿģˣǷӵ, ûҪڶ֮ǰ׼ġ
ѩ֮Խѩ, ΪرѰǿѩ壬˵սʿҲ׶ġ
սʿǶź֮, СͿʼˡ
ϴ͵ܳȥץԺ, Ҳûȥ, ֱӾͰҪĶ˵ˣóȥ˿ֱӴĿǰ˵ӻǺܶġ
ص˲֮СͰѻữε̸ˡ
ǽҪͱ¨Ҫ׼ŪһһġȻǡ
Сһһ˵ţƵԲƷпգҪڴӵʳؼһɹʳʱõʢװʳ
¨жɱڱϵ¨Ǿ֪ˡ
ǲģ˵ǲıҲ˵Ǹǲܳȥսûˡ
ͱ¨ⶫҪʲôǿսֻҪһ㣬Ϳˡ
Сһ߱ţһ߽ǡ
СѵһŪʱǵϳŨŨĲţͣӣͱԲ۾˼Ŀһš
ûãҾͶʼűƱ¨ˣʼʱмŪˣǺԽԽ˳һĻӦûмʮõġ
ѩǶѧţСüͷͣšвģҲụš
СûдߴǣЩε̰㣬Ҳ꣬׶԰ء
ԣСԼǺܿݵģԼ걳¨˲ٵġ

ܿóϾѩ֮ǰʲôûУ֮󣬼ҼһҪ
Ҳ𣬺ܶɢڵϵĶ
ܻкܶû쵽ԼĸסլҲۿɼıˡ
һ죬СָѲ߶ӳȥˡ
ʼʱСûʲôֵģҵһñ
ʮף֦ɫɫҶΪһ״ҶԵϸݣ汻ëԱëԣ͹СҶë
С㿴˺ܾãϳе
Сʵ֮СȷˣԱߵսʿܰȥ𣿡
ǳԵ𣿡սʿ۾һʵ
ǣõġ
Ŷ
ǳԵİ
սʿ۾Ѹٰȥ˵ǿԣֻȥʲôã
ԺҶõܵĻ̫鷳ˣһţʡ¶ˡС˵
ɡһսʿֱ꣬Ӿ߹ȥͽְȻôڼˡ
С㿴Ŀɿڴ˵ǿ
θβһ
ⶫǰܶ࣬ҪҡһѲսʿ˵
ȥûϵҿˡС㲻ʵ
ѲսʿΪ˵û£ⶫܻģǶҲˣһ궼С
ŶõġСЦ
СǾһֱȵȥʱѾÿսʿ϶ˡ
ڳ֮ǰСͶԲ˹滮ʱֱӰֵΧĹ滮ͺˡ
ʲôûеʱϴͷϴ·ǲģǾȽԶĵطҲǷϴϴ
ûԥģСֱӾͽһЩ̰Լ飬ôӵ״ôҪЧġ
֮СֱӴǺСǵСӱߡ
ѾЩһǺþˣһֻֻģëȫɳӣ
һ˲䣬ƺΣգͷѸ̧ҿ˿ûзΣգ۾ɻ
ôˣһֻʵ
û£ҺоˣոջʲôΣաô˵ţתͷС㣬㣬ϴʲô
С㿴۸ǣº͵Цϴϻ
ϻ
СһۣʱͽӲסˣǸ˼
ҲûзӦյ۾ߡ

ѩͲˮӾ
ǡ
ǳѩ壡
ѩ˵ǲϲˮġ
֪С˼֮ѾˣֵĿС㣬ܰɣܰɣܰɣ
׷
ôʱҲôġ
ȻĽŲŶôһ£׼ô˵ʱ򣬶߾ʹһԷҪģҪ˭ûϴɾûзˡ
һӣĽŲͶԭء
˸ž겻ɫСĿ⣬ڿħ
ڣǸ㣬Ѿץһֻữε̣ݵˮ
ƺûӦһ±ƣӦҪʱѾֱ˻ȥ
Ŷϴõ˳Էʱ䡣СЦ
С̻һ˲䣬˶ǰ
һ޿ĿԼ֣Ȼ۲Ϊıˡ
Сϴúϸһëȫϴһ飬ȻְצӸÿһ㶼ɾ
ϴ֮С·ŵˮﵴһ£֭Һ
ٰСһʱһֻǰȫͬģëɫѩ׷ѩǰ
СҲǲŵģԼëֱëĸо̫İˡ
ֻƯС̰С佱һ䣬ץס˵ڶֻữε̹
һḶ́ˮһݣȻͿ֭Һúϴһ£һ֭ҺţСץסһֻữεС̡
ϴϴС͸о˶ˣԭΪѩ屾ǻҰɫģֻڹ²ѩ׵ģϴ˲֪ÿһֻѩ嶼ڵѩɫ·֡
ԭǶİһΪҵëɫǲͬģС㿴Щǲ̶ͬȷҵİëһ𾪡
ߣѩ屾ǳһëֻ̲Ϊҵëһ
ѾǸˣ飬С˵֮󣬲֪ΪʲôеŤ
Լϴ
ͬģЩѾϴ̶ѩһٿûϴģ챻Աȳúˡ
Ҳǡ
Ѿữεѵõģ߳ģ׷ˮԼϴ
ữε̵ˣǻһֻֻıץȥϴˡ

67 

ϵʱ, ѩͻȻһˡ
ߵ׵ǰ˵Ƕһֻ
ѩ峤һʱ;ͷ󣬡Ǹɵ, û顣
֪ѾˣûиӦֻǱûһ˿¶ȣ˿һ㣬ܲýӽ
˱ֱվ, ɢűĮ, һѳʵĽ, ˭ҪóѪ׼
ڳߵҲǸոճ, ıЩ棬Ǹ߰
ջشߣЩ, ӿϰҲûʲô
ǡ
ɨѩ岿䣬ϴʱﶼֻм, õ, Ӷˡ
Σ峤ʵ
ܺáϧī
ڳûʲô飬Ҳǰġ
ȫû뵽ȻĲë֮, ôе÷ǳԲʯݡ
ЩȻѩҿ, Բηῴȥ൱ȹ, ʵ߶Ⱥ󣬻Ƭ״Ƭ϶ÿƬխⶥԲ׶μⶥ
ȻЩݶǴԲΣʯʯнΡԲ׶λ״ݶ
߹ȥµĴӵʯݽγԱȡ
ܳʲôʱҰѩñ廹ˣ
Ȼ֪ʲôӵģǹ⿴֪治ˣžͺסæҡҡͷϽջԺﲻ׵˼
ŹҪҶʧ̵ģǹġ
ˮɡ׿λ˵
ֱ˵̵ģϣѩܹϡ
ԡ
ײɵ½ϣҪ˵˭ҶĻôѩһ棬һܿǰ֡
ؼ˾ˣûа̣ȻǲöԷﵽͷϵġ
ųģʵڽѩصʱ򣬾ѾɢȥˡֻСߡ
֪֮󣬾Щż
嶪˸ΪʲôҵԼͷϣҲģҪ˵˭ұߣֻҪһģǷѩ岻ˡ
ؼǣޣץ̸ʲôܳ
Ŷԣѩܻ̿ӭˣ뵽ͷۡʱͻȻһȺ̴ǰ߹ѩѩ׵ģҪϹĻĿˡ
عʱѾվСǰˡ

̣˵嶪ʲô£㡿ûȸߵС㣬ЩԱʵ
С㿴㡵ı֪鷳ˣʵ峤ˣ
š
ҽȥɡС˵꣬Ȼȥˡ
㡣峤ȥ
ѩ壬˭ô󵨣ȥץ壡Ԩߵţ䣬ͼˡ
ǸѩǸݻϵǿӦѩսӢСǸͬѩһͷ׷ѩ·ⱻƫһ㣬վſڵӰ΢⡣
ԨǸ̾ƿߣѩսʿ
ֵǣǸѩսʿûн˼ĿǸС֮̽󣬾վˡ
峤׿Сʵ𣿡
еģ˵̶ˣΪѺ壬ѩȻҪæģϾѩô𣿡
С˵λһЦ˵ֻҪѩսʿԱ
ԭĥòͷ峤ף˲ˣų˵ҲǣǾѩصĻֻҪսʿÿյĻʳˣǰҡ
Ԩ΢΢üѩô˵
ԣѩʲôʱôѺˣ
ɻĿ۳硣
Ŀһۣ˵ˣȻѩأǻԼҡ
۾飬޳ͦΣƵĴ˳ȥˡ
һ棬ͻһˡ
ڳߵĺԨæҲŻһ׷ȥ
ɵϣź֪뵽ôѩģȻôҪʳţ
Ԩ˦һβͣЩѩսʿܳˣŲҪṩʳء
峤˵Ŀ۷ߵͷ·𿴵һʳˡ
˿֮ǰԼǶôˣʱܹˣһͬæ˵ģ
׿ϧջߣûü˵ڵ
һؾͱˣһŮ
ǴŻȻֻѩ˵ģȷʵһͺǮ塣ȻпŮ˵ı鶼رĸ߰׺ݡ
Եģǰ˸鷳ġһ˿׺㡣

ߡСᶨظ
һ֪ʲôɫͷ嵱ŭˣŭüŭĿǰǵصȥ첻Ҷù
𣡡
峤˴ȵ飬壬һĹâ
ѩǲµģҪˣôҲǲµġ
οôܵѩҪʲô˭˭һ
Ҳͽ뵽ս״̬ԱߵսʿҲˡ
һѩսʿСǰ˦βͣܡ
ۼû˼ѩսʿת͵ȫȥ
ֻŰ̵˵ȵȣлҪ˵
εսʿɻ󣬵ǿĿǰûпսҲȰСˣʱ̾ţֻҪһܡ
ͷȻҲע⵽ߵһ㶼⣬ֻҪ΢е壬ͲмڶԱɱ֡
岻С㲻尡Щ˵ǵ̶ˣֲѩ飬鷳
ǣ˭Ҷ壿겻
ɲһô꣬˵϶Ҳûָ˭ƻ˺ܾأȻѩܻӭˣ۸Ҳߡ
Сһźʵ˵׽Ҫ׽ߣԵñѩˣԼԲôץɱǸˣȥһȦ岻֪𣿡
ͷ忴˹˵С̣죬ѩѾǵ̶ûսչ
ôһ룬־˵еˣѩ嶼ˣﻹûһ尡
תͷԼˡ
ͷڰй۲죬ѩ̵һһˣΪսʵ̫ˣ˵º
˵ӵսһܻúõĻôѩǾͲᱻӵôˣںģס
ȵȣ
ոǹôæҲûϸٿѩ岿䣬ʱ;ˡ
ѩ岿ʲôʱзˣôõķӣ

68 

Сǳٳû˵, 峤ףգգ۾ʾš
һӾͶˡ
˵һҪѩ̵Ļǿ԰æҵ, ֻҪǸսʿǵʳС
Χѩսʿǣ峤ĻǵĿⶼ˵㡣
ͷ彣üšţҪѩսʿʳҪǮҪǮ, ǲеġ
οѩսʿ, һ̫ܳ, ҪôӦǾҪԴˡ
Ҫ, ոǹʱ򣬾ѾѩҹˣҲŵġ
ô, Ϳ֪̲ˡ
ָ߹Ŀѩ峤ܾˣ, ǻԼҡ
ô, ҲͲԸ˷ʱˡ
һͻͽȻɢ
СĿ峤ףΪʲôѩҪ켸ٳԵôѰ
һߵ˼άӴСĿ֮, ѵõе˼, , Ŀ˵壬Сġ
ûԶ壬һĸˤˡ
Īģ½˭ѩС
ԼǳСȻ˼˵ˣ
廹û˵ʲôдɫһ䣬֪Ҫȥˡ
û˵Ѹٱηˡ
ۿûܳˣСҲֻ̾һ׼ȥˡ
ոҪ峤˵ߵʱͽȻһڵ㡣
ǺڵԽԽˣȻͨһ˵ϡ
СսۣŶֻС
۾ʱˡ
峤иǽĻʳˣôⰡСָС˷˵
ڿˤ߻صģ⻰ͷ½ųϵƸ˹ֵĿǸѩ̡
Ȼαװħʲôģʲô˼Ҫ
˶壬ۿЩѩսʿѾΧ˹һ׼ץæ˵ҲǷ
Ȼô˵Ǳ㡸ץ
ߴ㡣üͷбɫСڲͣš
ǲܳңҺģǲѩģǿſң㣬ҪԣҲҪԴİۡ
ԭʱ򣬻һǵıڿôΧѩսʿһ˫ںڵĴ۾ʱͳˮ

ʱֻҪݺһѩġ
˭֪ڵѩѾˣȻųⰡ
־µĿЩΧߵˣһЩɥĲѩҪóˡ
ô϶ûйġ
ǻֱӿ⣡
ôһ룬ƾ;ԼҪˡ
һ˫ʣˣ֪ѡˣͲᱻˡ
С㿴òˣʵ˵ҲǴ󲹰ȻΪʲôЩȥ
˵ŲǣЩ쵰ҪΪǮˣǲŲҪⰡڸûɥĲ
ƼֱҪˣЩѩ徿ǲǶɺڰ˰Ҫԣί
۵һͿ˳
С㿴⺿޵ʵôѩصģ
ҡҳȥ桭أԺҲҪˡǻġѩǿ
϶˵ţԽ˵Խģ޵ԡ
С㵹ˣ˵͵͵ܳȥ棬Ȼ¼һȦ֮ѩأװѩ˴ˣ
˵üһܺȷʵҪѵһٲС
ĿС㣬˵̣ҿһСѾʮ˵ҺòãҪҡ
һѰ鰡С㿴˵
ΪΪʲôһ㶣ʵ
㿴ˣǺæģѩôҪѩ岿䣬ҲҪġ
С㵭˵ţѾԲԼĻ棬֮Ҫϻ⣬ֻоͷƤըѣһ˳Ľŵֱš
ǡǳ𣿡ʳԼ֪顣
ţҲǲԡ
СӾֵĿУ˵ѩһǺѣҺһǲѵġ
ǰĶˣ˺䣬ʱȥ
ãá
ĵ˵ҳƣѩǺѡ
ҽ㡣Сü۴ЦȻҴѩɣϤˣѩ֮ؼҡ
Ҫ
ҪܺӴѡ
ãõġʵ˵ѩá
Ŀһе峤ף
Ŀһеѩսʿǣ֪֪¾Ҫûûҹɻˣ

ǳĳһֻûĻܻһǧꡣ
ʮ㣬ĺСС㣬ҲͲʮ̡
ͶûʲôϵҪǣ䵽
ѩսʿǿɵһֻи߲аȫеӣЩûۿˡ
ɵ֪֪Ǹ̲ǲµļһﰡ
ҪΪ̾ǰȫģʱ̺֮Ҳǲһģ
磬
ǲһģһģһģ
Ȼսʿô϶ǲɫģĿĿ̸Լҵˡ
ţûģԼҵڴ̹һȦ֮󣬾ͣһյϡ
ѩսʿ¶Ȼɻɣ
Ǳߡ
𣿡Ƹ˵ĿС㡣
ǵģѩĺѣԸѩʱ㽨һסҪȥӲУϾǵֲֻܰæһ¡
С۾ϡ
ڲϤûϵһʱϤˣûйûϵһԼָǵķӣѪĵطûй
˾ͲҪˡ
ңǲʲôӵĶУѾЩƮˣܽСѣ˵ˡ
û⣬֪ϲĵطǾ͸ǴһɡСЦ˵ԺҪǱ򹤣ͲٸǷˡ
⻰ˣѩðԺһҲҪѺܺá
ķõʯͷڱȽԶĵطǳƷɹȥǺܿģͲ󣬻Ṇ̀Ҳܱȵġ
һԷɹȥܴٵʯͷ
иѩսʿģⲢ˵ƲиڴʯͷԸãʯͷ˵ò֮Ҫ뵽跿ӵĹȥġ
ϾһҪѩĵס߶ˣҪ
һ棬СȻģԴϢ鷿ʲôĶˣ˵Ŀǰѩ峤סĵطˡ
С㿴ϷȥĳƣǵЦŨˡ
Уƴ˸硣
ɻĿܣʲôûз֣ͼĸɻˡ
˿̵ĳǺܸ˵ģԼñסܲõĵط̫ˡ
ȫ֪ԺԼȻһ㶼뿪ѩ岿ˡ
Ϊֻ֪Ҫ뿪̫ûһתͷסˡ

69 

ɵ, 峰Ǻܿĵġ
Ϊʷϵһѩ岿зӵжôĽˡ
ѩų˵ԣصܴ֮һˡ
ôĳԵõת˸Ȧ, ȻʯطȥˣĶҪźãӾܹĽˡ
СҲǺܿĵġ
ջһֻԺԽĿǰԴĴͿ֡
Ժ󽨺õķ, Ҫסžס, סĻ, ԸĳߵĴӪһ㶼
׵õһӣ
һ߸˵, һͬŷӵˣ΢ˡ
˹ʱ峤׾֪, 嶪һֻ츳̡
ħԪọ̈̄ǵϣϲϲİʯͷ;رǸɶ
, , 㣬֮ǰҪʮסŪáڵסݶϵһѩսʿ˵
Ҳиأ˭, ˭пհʯ˹ȥһ¡иʯͷսʿæ˵
һսʿѸʯ, , Ҫǡ
ȥģС㣬ǧϲؾˣԲܸᣡһսʿæ˵
С㣺ιõòã
ΪС̫ˣһѩսʿ˵Ҫ֪̣ؾǺˡ
ûѩ̡û˵꣬ʲôЩ˵໣ˣ̶ϳˡ
Ȼ˵ѩսʿһ㶼ûɵĸɻţʱʱĻҪס·ʯ͵һߡ
ʱҲŴʯͷˡ
ôصʯͷȴһԹԶûУŬԼʯͷŪϡ
ͣɣһˣ
ǣʶͦţϲ̵ġ
ڿǵ峤ף΢ˡ
΢䣬ŵ̾Цúϲ£ˣ·õĺôһ㡣
һѾĿһЦǺǵļһС˹ȥ˵ô֪ѩɵģ
οĿС㣬ô˵ǹԣرЩϻǡ
ŶҲûʲôġСЩ죬Ϊ峤Ҫʲôء
㡱Ҫߵģ䲻峤⣬ҲЩ棬һС̣ôô϶Լ˸ɵġ
ĵӣǷǳء
һսʿ뵽£ҲǰĿС㡣
Ȼѩɵģ˾лˣԾԲѩɵġ
峤ף
սʿ㡣
սʿǣ
׸жˣ

һ죬ữεճʷＦιʳ
᳸ոյŲݽõΧ͸ое㲻ԾˣĻͷȻһתͿвһĶ
ᳺһ̲ͣסɴ۾ĿϸĿ档
ֻԭŸɲݵĵط˼ֻСá
ЩССãһ𣬻û۾
ȵľţᳵĲݶ˵ϣ˲ðѲݸµźãҪ˵÷ˡ
ڿС֮ͷɱ˳ȥܻ߱СصĽš
۵Ļһ̣ܶѩսʿǶˡ
ˣ
̫˰
Ѿ˵ѩսʿǣڸ֮ӿ˽ĹٶȣҪȥϡ
СǾûôĹˡ
ữεСڼæӲʷＦõֳܣ֮ǰȥݵǣҲæŲݣС鼱еܡ
Ѿ˵̣ȻЩһ̿Աȵˣǿȥһ㣬׷Լûƺõı¨ܣܵʱ򻹲ץһ˵Ƿǳмƻˡ
û೤ʱ䣬߾ΧһȺˡ
Ҳô˵̫ŵãֻһ۾Цøɵһ
ǣиŶӵģǻڰʯͷ֮󣬿ٶݵҸͣһһ̣ȻͶ뵽档
ÿ춼ģһ仯ûУͽȻ˰ֻ̫ϲ
ȥСģã˽֮ȥ峤ġ
˭֪һͿС峤Ҳûϵһ˷ܵؽš
ˣС˵
໣໡
᳸˼ˣڽ֮תһ߻ͷС峤ף˦βʹߴٵ໣
㣬ȥɣأȥôˡݶϵսʿߴٵ
ûİɣǶоģԲŪᡣԱ߽췿ӵһλѩսʿߴٵ
ȥɣȥɣ˳һЩûεСˣȻҪȥŷİϧ顭
սʿ˵꣬᳾ͲˣһצڵϣƵһ˼ǣС̣Ǻģû
ģŵı֤һսʿ˵Ǻû˵ġ

ˣ֪ˡһѩսʿˣܵ
᳸ˣ׼ȥһȻתͷͼС˵ǹȥɡ
໣㶼ҪȥúÿСõġ
æתǰܶš
С͡
ûк˭һ˸ᳵ
Ϊոջ峤׺㡣ԼȫսʿǣѾȫˡ
ܵǱȥˣСҲ⣬ϻȦӣǵϻ͵ˣȻܲ˵ġ
͵˵涨ˣ˵֣ѩЩһҲ᲻á
һֻþһãһÿԱһСȺãһСȺãԱһȺá£һֻ͹ˡ
û죬峤ǲǳõġļûڳԵķرĽ³û¶١
ϾǰҪȫҲûеģȻƽɹȥˣǲûĴǡ
㿴ҿˣôСôС
Ҳˣʹòһ˵ȥСãҪǵζͻᱻóԵ
໣һӾͶôã̫Ҹˡ
ùȻõӣϣÿ춼һúøǸݵġ
СʱõֳѾвٵˡ
ǵ۾⣬ڻҸģϸϸĹ⡣
ÿ˶ǳĸˣȴǾԼòŵá
ڿСʱǵĿ˷ˣͺ񡭡ͺЩССһ
Сæ˦˦ͷǹͷ˦ȥ
㣬㿴аֻһ˸˵
ˣһֻû١Сǰͦأⶼιġ
ţÿ¶СӣһһѣһѴžֻ߰
С˵꣬Χ˻ĿԼ˵Ȼǵǲ仹ûһ£ǲôģҪԼʱģӦûУֻӴ˵ġ
˵ĿСֿȥȻһֻ΢еãǵ΢΢һû˵С˵ҪܵŵĻ׾ˡ
һĻĿʱһ͡
ȫ֡

70 ðն

Ϊʵ̫ھ, ȫΧ۵ѩʶĺһ
۾Ȼ̿һСģͰǸø, Ȼֻ߰Сá
С΢΢ЦЦ˵ãҶǵ¾˳㿪ɡ
˿ʱ䣬оˡ
᣿
ʲô
֪, ǰ˵, ҪҶ֪, ᡣ
˵ţСǻÿܻᱻľ, һֻֻŬų껢ǿ뿪
峤׵ĿģӺܻ, ʵϾǡճ
ڽյɻ֮һζ˵Ǻû
˵, 峤׾Ż, ͺ֪뵽᣿
ʲôǿ᣿
һת, Ҳ, ջ, 
ģᰲźá
Ϣʱʱ򣬺ܶϻǶ˹㳡档
ǰǸѷŶĵأǰǰѶߺʯ̳һܴĵط
ûˣСϻǸǺ޹˼ɵĻ׻š
ǵıģҸ۾
Ȼʱۣǲڱãÿ춼ȣסĵطҲˣеʱǾͻкܶʳҲð
СĿɨһȦСϻ˵Ҷ֪ѩ嶪ʧ˻֮Ѿе㲻ˣһѵ˭Ҫʱá
һȺѩϻ¶۾յĿС㡣
С㣺
ðɣʧܡ
һڣ˵Ҷ֪ЩһǣÿŰǵ˽߲ǣǵ̣
ҪǽˣǾͲܸǷˣʷＦˣˣǵʧ󰡣
Ȼһ·ˣţѩǵķŭͱˣ
裬ǲܽǵģ
ûգѩǷӺʷＦģ
̲УҪ𣡡
ѩսʿŭ۴׹⣬;ŭɶ˭ҪӰǸɻǾͺЩƴˡ
ͬɱڵģԲԲ۾ɱʮ㡣
СԤòˣ˵Уһܰ裬ô࣬һ˾ҪʧܶˣǸһһ㶼ֵãǶһֻʷＦջˡ
İɣǲġһսʿ˵
С˵ͷ˵ˣǽĻ͵ΪֹǵĿʲô
õķӣĲʷＦãҪ𣡡
С˵
гᣬʱѺѩ壡
ܺãס
ߵĻŸոսѩΧˡ
һ˾ɵʮðżҴҵĹˣԽӽ۾ĲԽࡣ
ΧļѩսʿΣɱ˹ȥˣʲô飿
ѩ𣿡
Ϊ׵ǸӢ֪꣬ôôѩһ𣬵֪ҪȥѩĻһҪѩİæ
ǡ
Ҳ˳
ǾͺãΪߴˡӢЦЦ˵ȥѩϣܺѩˡ
Сһھܾˡ
ôɴľܾ㶣Щ⡣
ɨѩսʿЩ˵ıҲһģǳļᶨ
Ϊ𣿡ײĵʵ
ѩ̫Σˣûѩˣһ˺ȫˡ
ҲԶԶûѩúá
ѩսʿԸĻôѩصѩˣײԸĻᣬֻʵֻܵòЧôɲôȥˡ
Ǻæ㡾ܾ
׻ǲѩȷʵڸɻˣһǾǰǮˣѩ˲˽
ɫ˸ۿɫҪˣ̽˵ѩ岿ͣһʱ𣿡
㡵۾һԣпݾƵֻ꣬ҪҾͺˡ
ɨ׵ŶӣϵıӸˣһһһңŪĻҪ⳥ѾδˣҪ𣿡
׾ˣʲôʱѩ嶼ṩ˵סˣ
ԣʲôʱѩѧˣ
Ҫڹȥ𣿡ʵ
ãȥ˵ţ㡵ߡ
ðնӵҲˣԽߣԽ𾪡
ⷿӱǸԲĶҪã嵽ڻסɽһ廹õ㣬ԼݣҲ࣬õľǹˣשͷݣ˹壬󲿷ֵõĻͲݻϳɵݾˡ
ķǺƯƯľ嶼̲ס¶˲Ŀ⡣
ԣߵ·ȫǸո޽õġ
ֿɵõʯңΨ붷Ҷµĵذľģɫȥ˺ס

71 

ѩĵ, ˵˵ȻĲë֮أûнû, ػײУûĸԸġ
ȻطҲķϣѩкܶ౦ģǽĴ̫, ΪܶðԸĵط
ϧȻϾֹ˴󲿷˹, Ͼ˭ħƷ, Լͽġ
ߵúܿ죬ûͰЩǴ˿ݾƵꡣ
׿, ȷʵдſݾƵꡣ
и̨һһǰֹǽˣܲ뿴ǵѩսʿ, ЦĿһˡ
ɣҴǿ䡣˵
׵˵ͷȥ, һ¥ǸȽϿտķӿϢĵط, ѩսʿһȦԽԽľûкÿĻ, ݾƵ, 㲻ˡ
׷Ӧʱ, ѾԾĽǮԼķ䡣
ȻǸѩսʿһֱʳҪǵͣǾܾˣЦ˭֪ѩʳѩһ㶼ҪԵġ
ӳѩı仯Ҳ̫˰ɣһ˵
ǰʱ򣬶ԼŪģû뵽ؾȻзסһǸոսõģ׬ˡŮ˵
ʲôǱˣǹʲôġ²ˣѩǰʱźĺӶˣʵҰᡣ
ˣ¡׿ԼãǸսʿԼҲԲģʵ̫ˡ
¼ԼĸˣʱͲ˵һߡ
Ϊ׸磬֪ܲЩʲô
˵£ʲôȥ˵
ѩȻˣǵķֲǺܹģ˵ѩô֮ؾûûѩĵطΣľѩ壬лʼҹҪ˱ѩ塣
ܸߡҶ֡«έءӡ뵺ĿɽϡԴ䷱ïֺ͸֣Σ֮أѩˡ
ɲΪһãԼŪ
ð˵ʱҲ洺ıǸΧסˡ
ô
ǶסȥˣҸ𣿡
Ҫ˼䷿
ѩսʿΧ㡣϶ϲõЦ
סȥˣҪ䵥˷˫˷
ʵ̫ˣһ˲ٵңǶס͸ˡ
ۣô࣬㣬壬ʮӷѩսʿ˵
ö࣬ʮǰһսʿȥһˡһѩսʿ˵
ǰͱȥǱԻͦģĵܾܵûôˣȥԺ󣬾ûлġ
ǰǰֻҪӾˣˣǻ԰ѷסѩսʿЦ棬˫ȫǽҡ
Ϊδ̫ˣ̲ס˦һβ͡
̫ˣǶǼɣҲסϰ񣬳ٵǸסҲûʲôġ
곤ѩսʿ˿Ҳ̲סɷơ
ԶԶԣ˵ˣҪǱҪгڴѩصðţͿֱסˣһһǮ
ͻȻһѩսʿ֮ǰع滮Ȼع滮ļǵбģΪʱľǽӣͷйص飬ʶ⡣
ۣǸϽġ
һսʿ˵ţ˷ܵüϵı˵òˡ
˵ðŻʱʱĹҪݾƵʱǻЩģϾԼסĵطûȫǺãǲŲЩð˯ġ
ʱ˵ð˯ڿݾƵǮˣǲſϸɵģû뵽ݾƵŽãðžˡ
СʱҲˣ㡣ʲô𣿡
ûУͦ˵ġ˵
ǾͺãԺˣѩأҪôѡǮԼסҪôסǵĿݾƵ꣬ҪôԶ뿪ǵճѲħ顣
㡺ʵΪʲôסҲҪǽǮ
Сɸֵ˭Ѳߵģ
ѩ塣
صΣ˭ɵģ
ѩ塣
Ѳ߶˭ҩ˭չߣ˭
ѩ塣
˭أ
ѩ塣
㡻شһ⣬ȻʹǲǺþõıˡ
ܸˣԼռ˵ѩսʿǣҲһʹļףǰЩðռǺüıˣ
໣Ҫ˶ٵĽҰ
໣ʵʵ̫ӻˣ
໣ۣ
໣ģ

¼Ƕڷ飬ƲƲ죬ЩԼ˳ȥ
棬ѩ˻æţĿлһ˿ֵӵ壬Ҳϡ
Ҳ֪ôôˣȻѧ˽ӡ
紵أ££ԼɵĺɫԹԵѩ岿š
ѩ˿ɷģһ㶼µڲţЩһҲͿװˣǸԼС㡣
żģСϻǰܹƳһ۾ͻƿߡ
˭֪Щϴϴ裬ûϴɾֻҪһ뵽ǵëгӣͶĵòˡ
һ㶼ѩ̽Ӵ£Ҵҵһȥߵģȥﶼν
߹հ˹յģºܿ͵һطһĵط
ǸӺر߹ȥ˸סˡ
㲻ܽȥһѩսʿ˵
ʲôԸ˺ɫʱ򣬴ģЦޣϧǹ˵һ㶼ûйѩսʿ
˵ǷŲҩģ㲻ܽȥ
ɫ΢Щˣ־ѩսʿʵ̫ˣһôĴȻ̬ȡ
Ӧúܺã˵ȻˣҾͲȥˡ
Ҳʲôöвм
˵꣬ˡ
ǸѩսʿˣҲʹȥˣû̧ţͼһֻվԼűߡ
ϳˣ㡣
㣬ʲôʡ
ҵþ˰һһѰǶڿأҪˣǮС˵꣬ѩսʿĿһ˵ǡ
ˣӦûģվһվ𱻷ˡС㿴Ǳ˵
á
ѩսʿһûС
ûãǹȻͿǸԶ˵תˡ
ĿһȦ֮󣬾ȥˣľͷ˩ŵģ׾ʹ򿪽ȥˡ
Ϊʲôôѩûкˡѩսʿڼ½ȥʱʵ
С㣺ô㶼ܲ𣿡
󡣡ѩսʿĿС
ǱһԼҺӺÿһսûѾˣھȻ󶼲ˡ
Сһҭˣѩǳ򵥴ֱǿǳ󡭡

72 Ǳ

ΪС̫, ѩսʿæ˵㲻󡣡
Сεҡҡ֣˵ûϵ֪ġ
òͶ˸ʢյ̥, ѩЩһУһûУϹô۾
Ĳ󡣡ѩսʿЩż˵
šСܵӦš
ʵϣʱ֪Ѿһһ֮, ıȫѩ۵׻, Ȼûһս, ȥҲһ㶼ǿӣѩսʿǷ, ԴҲһǿ
СȻҪó껢Ժ󳤴˱۸ô죬ʵ, û˾С
ˣǽȥɣˡС˵
ѩսʿͦ, İɡ
͵͵ҩ֮, Ϳʼƻˣп˳۵ĶˣȻ, Ҳûʲô, ȫǲҩ
ʼǰϵĲҩȫϵ, 룬ˣǼԼõġ
ֻҪһ뵽ЩӵвҩãﲻĺĺѩѩôĿ࣬ЩҰ˸ˣͷǳ
ǸսʿҲǻһħģȻȼ̫ߣŪһˮС˼ġ
ܿģŪˮȫڷ
ΪǸߵħʦĹϵٻˮǲģãҲʡЩҰڷԺʱɹˡ
һ֮µıǵġ
ˮŪҩݣҪȣҲȲˡ
ı鲢ûάֶãڴŴ򿪵һ̣ͽӲϡ
С㿴ڵһƬǽ壬ʱˣ£˵ѩĵϵң
ûУ˵ڿССͣѾǸ˵ѩ̺ʹ죬ϻˡ
ʵϣڴŴ򿪵һ̣ħˣǻûܣ͸оԼϡ
ǿҵĸоͷ·Ǳ޸һ㣬ֻҪҶͻᱻ˺ѳ顣
Ҳôһ飬ſ֮ûüܵġ
µĿܿɨСѩսʿʱ˸ոյĸоôһˡ
ѩսʿˣ
ǰ˵ѩսʿôöǴģĻʲô飬Ļôô
ֱѩսʿѾվˣǸûɢɱѡ
µı龪żˡ
ܣ֪Լѩսʿǰܲ˵ġ
˵ɣôСʵ
ЩţңǮǣǱɱҡ
С㿴һۣ˵Щҩܹġ
кܶĽң㡣СĵĽͣǲСĽģ֪Щǲҩֻʱ鲻ãƲס
Сһۣû˵
ƲסֵǿƵסƻ
֪ˡһѽҽ˾ԼС㣬ڨڨ˵ҰѽҶˣǲҪ˵ȥòã
С㿴ȫû뵽ȻǸϵĵСڷѡ
ҪãЩ˲Ҫл˭뺦
ңûǮˣҰѿռʳﶼ㡣˵
ںڼˣʲôŵ㣬Ҫڱĵطܻᱻץס
аɣҪһΣͲ߳ѩˡСչװŽҵǮӣ򿪿˿ʾʳｻ
΢΢һЦۡ
ٵĽʳ֮ûţˡ
㣬öң
ѩսʿ˸⣬ü۶˲١
Щ峤Сѽҽ˵Ǯ£ȻҪǾͲ˵ȥˡ
㣬ûǮյʳѩ˵
Уʳ£ҪùˣͲˡСЦ˵ڸճʱĵһǿޡ޵Ļͻ⵽һʵĶ򡣡
Ȼˣ̫ûĽѵˡ
ѩսʿΪȻĵͷ
˵˼֮ѩսʿʹµõĽȥ峤Ǳˡʵ⳥ϨѩŭɷֱȽ϶࣬ڲҩļֵǴҪġ
ô˵С㶼׬˵ġ
Ÿոֿ߳⣬ͼǰһֻѩС̣̺̬䣬Сһһ
໡ڵϣŶƤһյӡ
СˣǼзݵ˼
ۼС㻹ûиԵģСϻһϵˣһԶһ㡣
СϻĿ¶׹⣬ͳĵĺȻչʾһԼ׳壬չʾһԼǿ֫չʾһĽݣչʾһԼצӣٶ˶۽ݵվš
һ˵ԼǸǱɣֵͶʡ
С㣺

73 ȺŹ

ΪһڳԵ, С̶ôˣСȻҲûвԵ˼˸ɾ͵ݹȥˡ
׵õʳ, ⻹˽˵ģ峤ܲȻҪȫӲ͵ġ
ϾҶôˡ
ڸʳ֮Сͳˣų, Ϳǰ龰
һȺϻСϻ˹, ǰֻϻڿСʱ, ʱ۾໽ܵøˡ
, ΪΨһһֻϻСܿϳˣǸոյǸѩսʿ
Ϊԭ, ԼͲʶˡ
һӴҸЦһȺСһǹˡ
֮, еѩͣס, ϹϹԵİСΧסˣһ϶֡
һ˫˫۾ĿС㡣
ÿһֻצӡ
һֻữε, Ϊ̫ܵ컹, ˼ͣ, ̧ͷһʱˡ
ǱѾˣȫûλá
СһίСһۣ̬ȼᶨ˼ȷļ취
ͻȻĿһϲֱӾС˹Ȼ󡭡Сǵ壬һԾСͷϡ
ΧСĻǾˡ
С㣺
ô죬ֻðͷϵ̸
СؽţߵСȣҪصλáСֱ˸ɣ
Сһһ㶣漴ҧסɣСſʱ򣬲СǵͷԾȥˡ
ѩ̶ʱ۾һĿ⡣
ڴĿС㡣
ˣ֪ˣһһСóɣ
ЩСҲ£ԼݵɣܵԱ߳
СֵǸսʿʱһͷʾȸСһǳԣСЦЦʾ֪ˡ
Щսʿӣȥӣʵϣذж
ЩʳڲģϾʳϻʲô뷨ֲСǳԵģոôС˹ѩĳսʿȴûиһͿ֪ǵ̬ˡ
ȶ֮С㻹һϻ
Ѿ˵ѩսʿ±Ƶĸ飬໽һɵˡ
˼˼ѩսʿèһ㣬ɹŻƤɣ۾ȫҸ
Ѿ˵С໥צץţ׷ţţš

ҰԼ鵽˵ܳ˷Ųҩķ֮ͻص˿ݾƵꡣ
鲻˵û˵ģϵĽҺͳԵĶûˣʱٲûᱩ¶ҵǣҪǵΣʱòĻܾҪԶѩˡ
˾ܲ»ǺԼĸ˵¡
Ȼƽʱ˵Ĺϵ̫ãʱ˵ĻҲǻᱻֵġ
㿴ЩѩܿͰϵĶˣ׻ɵĿԼá
ţ̫ˣڳǡ¾Լ֮ǰ˵ѩ壬ҧԼ¡
ײǵһʶԼˣ´һ£˵˵ʵ
ġ˵
ǲˣüĿŸĻˣ㲻˵Ҳܳȥʵ
˵˵ȥһͰ鶼˵ˡ
ֱ֮Ǿˣǰ֪ëû뵽ˣ֪ʲôǿǵģʲôǲǵġ
ЦãҪʨǱߣͱ˺ˡﻹлʱֱӾˡ
µɫһס
˵һΪ𣿡
ɵɵúõҵСύȥҰ棬ǿǱߣһŮʲôýύģҪλ˻˵£ûλⲻǸԼĨ𣿲֪ĻΪҲҰġ
¶ʱסˣæʵôܣҲŲҰģǶ飬ʲôϵ
ûϵôģһñǳ롣װϵĶָһ֮󣬰سȥԺһҪͻؼҺúýһ£ȻһҪǴ
ʱ»֪뷨Ȼ»ᵱ
˶֮󣬵һʱѩһ鷳ģ֮ͳȥˣͻȻģ뵽Ǹѩ̡
һ˫·𶴲УЦЦ۾ŭͷͻȻ侲֪ΪʲôܾʲôĻͻúܲһ
°յĶ½ţתԼķߡ
ڼӴϿԼʳЩѩǳţŶ

£˰
ħʦ˹˵ǰ㲻ڵʱ򣬶ӳȥѩʹˣǲͬˣǴӦǵͼ
ǡ𣿡½ӲЦЦĲᵽѩ˵ġ
Ȼûֱӽ˺ãѩ廹ǲģеͼĻ֪Σաħʦ˵
ѾԼ̫ѹˣѻ˵ѩĺãֱҪ̵ˣ˵ѩ徫թթԼࡣ
Щʹģ鴤˵컹ǿ߰ɡ
ħʦԹ۾ʵǲʲôҪң
ûУĴҾǾãˮạ́ûԼŪѩҩȻ󱻵թ˵˳
ʹţǵһҲһţĺЩ
˵ʱСѾڸɻˡ
ָѩ֮ԼҲڵͶţƣҪǵþŶ
֪ˡ˵ͷˡ
Ͷ棬ѩû͵ģʹǸǿȵͶҲڲŹûõĳƾͲˡ
һԶĺһƬԣͷ·һŽӡ
˵ʵڷӸոսɵʱǺܵģѩ˻֮ķӾˡ
ûãͲˡ
ѩæˮϵħһˮҪγꡣ
ƷУæµѩ壬һڣ׻ǰˮԼǿȥˡ
ÿζ㲻ɵģǵ󣬱˵һ£Ͱˡ
ߣ
ҪǡҪǡ
Ǹѩʳʵ̫óˣŲ
ҲûβһʹǸóʳѩ·
ֻÿһ뷨ûʵʩͱѩսʿǸˡ
һأʵûסܣ͡
뵽ʵ̫ˡ
Щ쵰ѩսʿһȺΧŹһ
ֵǣѩûʲôŴߵġ
Ҫű׵ģڵɻ
ƲƲ죬һ֮󣬸Ͻˡ
ȫ뿪ǰһ·ƮƤ˵ѩ壬ٴһ£Ȼ
ջĿ⣬ˡ

74 ʳ

ڶ, Ÿոʱðž˷ˡ
һѩսʿ˵һҧгݵıʾ, ԺҲҪˡ
С΢΢ۣ󷽵ıʾûϵбĻǼһﻹҪġ
ҪӿĽ谡
ǿõ˵㡣
Сôʱ, һֻѩ̼ææ˹
Ϊ, ڿܵСߵʱ, ˸ƽˤӣһ·Сߡ
ôˣСһ
Сһ˦˦ͷ, Ŀ⾧ĿС㣬˵ʷＦĲʷＦˡ
ǰ˵һֻʷＦܶĲʷＦ, ûۼģǴڴҵĻеģڲʷＦڳˣ
Сֵ̿ĿС, Ȼæߴٵ, ǿȥѽ
š
Сȥʱ򣬲ʷＦֳѾΧ˲ٵˣҵ϶˷ϲõЦݡ
ˣһֻſ濴š
̬ͬһֻ۾, ֻ, , ҿǸѿˡ
ۣԺǾǺܶܶʷＦĲˣҲúͱˡСһֻһֻԼ©ˡ
ɵҪѧѧ֪֪ĴʷＦСʷＦвʷﵰȻ͵ô죡ԱߵĳսʿĿģзٵİвʷＦ˺ü顣
أȵȣϾͺ˶ԺˡС̲æҲ
ЩСʷＦˣܸʷＦˣǱ߻кܶĵûۣ
໣ЩʷＦˣкܶĲʷＦˣ
ǲÿ춼вʷＦˣ
ΰɣҪǮģ
˵ţּˡ
㡿Сˣڴؿ˵ˣԺкܶĲʷＦˡ
⣬·ǻֵˡ
СЦЦ˵ţ´μʱĴ
ģһѻĲʷＦö
ǾˡС̿
˵ʷＦøҪ
ţţǲ˲ٵʳк飬ҪףͶɡ
С濴һۣǼֻۻɫСк΢΢ֻҪƿǣЩһǴǶܻġ
ȥɡ
㡵۾ʱˣʱСѾ³ˣſˮһڴ

СȥԵˡ
Ǳ߳ɻ̧ͷ
ȻϲԼѩСûǾãѩ岿䣬óԵľ謣ܶúȵ
ƻǵԼһκȵôúȵʱ˷ܵҪ
ǰװ׵ģĹͷ̫úˡ
뵽ƲĸȥѾˣԼСɣһѱĵطˣܰæ
СƸ΢΢ЦЦҲû˵ʲô
Ϊ̵ĹϵѩĻģҶǲԵģСʱˣ̵Ծͻǵ֡
һγʱǶ֪޾ܺԶģȻعʱһֻֻü۵ģòС
С㷢ɺ󣬾ͰʱˣֻҪ갲ŵˣʲôʱȥ涼ԣû갲ŵ飬СʱϢһΡ
СҪʳĶ׼֮󣬾Ϳʼˡ
ÿʷＦĵܷСģЩܷСĵʳ档
СҪľ
ʲôʯˣ͵Ļ֮ǰԼ׼ظպñС㡣
СѵɢԺ󣬰ձˮͷŵΧĹȥˡ
ƿСѹǺ֮󣬲ʵͺ𣿡
šСӦһ֮󣬼ȥ¡
ȥȥ
ʲô
ûʲôҾǿɡ
ĿĿǸţһζûУʱǺѳԣΪС飬ҲҪȥ
šСһ㶼֪Ƶ뷨˵ʳĻ̫ˡ
ţСԱ
¸ⲻ֪ʲô޵ģΪܰܵĹϵȫʳĻñϵħӹġ
СóŪı󣬾Ϳʼˡ
ҪȰЩϴɾȻС
ٽȫˣúõò˳һġ
ɣСѾȫŵԱߵˣ˭Ҫԣ˭Լþˡ
֮ǰѩٳģʹսʿҲǰ͵ģڲ⣬Ȼûгĳúá
ǵǰ٣ˮģСǴġ
͵Ⱥ󣬷ƬͺһӴζͳˡ
ԱϢĳƣһ̧ͷ

75 Բ

ζˮ, ǾͲһġ
ŵһ̣סˡ
ӻǺܶһ, ̲סˣҪչȥһţҪϳһζ
ȻһѾȥܶطˣ, , С
ܶط͵ȥ, ȴûŵôζ
Ƶ۾ֱˡ
ȥܺó԰
Ҳܺó԰
ѵѩ岿̶ô
۰Ͱ͵ĿС㡣
ģˣһ˫Ĵ۾ȫǶʳĿ
С⴦һʱ, 䲻ôһЩһġ
˫۾̫, ̫ˡ
㿴ԱߵɣӦѾˣóȳһݡС˵
ѩǰնͶ÷ʳ, ⳰ȻǸС, 츳ڰʯͷϣǺãڷʳʱ, Ҳֵܷٵ, ȻΪ̫ܳԶͻˡ
źĿ۳, ƿĿ⣬ðɡ
֪ʹԼ˵Ҫ⣬СҲͬġ
ڻвʷ**ǲġ
ԭҲǲʳĵһ죬ˣ񿴵ʷＦļҲǺϧģǣʷＦļ˭ܳԵġ
뵽ֲɵý
˹ǣˮϾƮ˳
ţǲǺ㰡ֻһζ
ĿźİԼһ˳ûԣС˵ҪưŶ
áӦһȥԼư
ĵδ̬ư£΢΢ţĶһ
ŵۻĿڸ
ǰԹĶһ
ƿɫ˵ʶ۵Ķƣ̫̫óˡ
ĵ㣬佱ʷＦĵֻһһڳԵĵϡ
ǣȳƻعʱѾǸɸɾҪϴĿˡ
̫óˣΪǿӺȥģû뵽ܱ㣬̫ˣҼԵˣˡ
ʧջػͷƿС㣬˵ٶһʷ**ûǮĻһ͵һ㣬ģҼǮģһɽĽң
С㵭ɨһۣѱٶȿɹġ

ǻԼ׬ǮġС˵ţ¡
ʱѾջǰСе뷨ˣҪǲУȫ¾ûеˡ
ѱĳƹޱȵʯ͵Щһǻˡ
Ź⣬ŨҪ
ʱԶѾƺƵĻһȺѩ壬Ƽ״ϽԼݹȥˡ
죬ȡƵޱȵĿͷ·һһֿһ㣬ǰڴ֡
Сװһ룬ƸϽ뵽һ߳
ͼеĿⲻһǰ۵ҲһȿͲ˵ˣֱһһصġ
һ㶼ɲӲ񣬳Ʒ飬ֻãѾˣ¶ûгԹôóԵɡ
ĶţﳹױδԹĳˡ
ѩսʿʱˣһŶһ߳Źţϵıһ޵Ĳϻ
ۣ㡣
Ҿ˵ˣмӲ͵ģ
̫ˣҿ˺ܶ⡣
ⶼ㣬Ҫ⡣
ôѹˣΪԼģ붼롣
Ҳǣ̫ˣֻҪһ뵽ûʱҪЩһǸˣϾ
̫ˣҲôġ
һȺϻǱŶӱ˵ţڸǷʳСһ٣мֱˣЩһΪ˳Իƴ
쵽ʳĴϻʱͰһڵס⣬ҸİԽˡ
Ա߿ǳԶĻǸǴ
̫̤Ĳˣ
ȻԱɣ˭ûжΪҶ֪ģ⣬СҪٷһˣԲǶɡ
ıȽһԱҲȽ϶࣬һҷֵԼļ
ûᡣҿ˺ܾãøոջˡ
뿴һۣĶ˶ԣӦٿ
УٿһҪúõķ֣˭ܶԡ
˻Ŀһɣ¶׺ݵı飬ȻСưĻһߣΪ˱֤öԷˣǻо˺ܾòŷá
ȵо˭ûж֮󣬱ųԼķݡ

ͬĳǱߡ
ÿֻ˺ܶ๤Ļ͵󣬶ǱüͷĻš
ҲΪεĵ״֪ˣֱߵҪԡ
ߣ仢ǻһţôǹƽģһ㶼ԷôһС
Ǳߣ껢쵽Լĳ֮ҲǸֵıս
лԼ᲻óԣҪȳ˱˵ġ
°ɣֻҪѳһ㣬ҿ԰ܾáһָֻסԼ룬ȻԴƴűﳴ
ԼԸɣ߿ҳ⣡սʿһŰԼܸܵ߿ˡ
սʿԱߣһѩսʿסԼ룬˳Աߵս˵ҰİĹͷ㣬˺ö꣬һֱ᲻ҧģҺòã
ʻѩսʿͷΪɵ𣿡
໣ϴΰæˣʱ㻹ˡվڹߵսʿսһλսʿ˵
ֵܣǲǵãһѲߵʱ˵õѡϵĻ۾һԼǰս˵
ǾѶǺսѣԡҲʶ㣡⻹
취ӱļһڿԼһ֮룬ѻԼϣ̬ȼ
ڳһԱĻͻȻһ졭
ס죬֪Ҫ˵Щһߴߴķϣ㲻˵ǻǺѡ
սսʿͺգգ۾˽ڲ٣Ҹ˵һѵĻǲܴҵģǡԲۣҵ⻹ң
ףԭǰԵĶǡأֵܣʵǹ̫ˣҪԸ⡭
ҲԸ⣬˵úǰôԵһ
ڴϻǸֿ鿼ʱСϻҲǸиĺƤ
໣Ҫܶܶĳ⣬ȻҾҪˣſڵϲ
Ṇ̀һ߻Լ룬һ߱Сһֻţ̬ȣʮּҪͬΪӵٶԼһ㡣
ûʼˣͱһָֻˣСЦҪ㣬ҾҾͺˡ
ոջζ޷԰εı룬͵̧ͷſҾˣ
С㣺

76 

һѩųԶʱ, ѾֲĳԼĳˡ
ʧҡ
ʧΪζȻˣΪõѡѩ, ȻڵʱⰡ
һóԵʳˣҲ϶ûгԵ
һǳ˵ˡ
ôʱ򣬳ѾҸбˣǳߵС, ȻŤһ, ϵؽóһռ
ռ״, ֮ǰûбκ˷ֹ
ſռС˵֪, һϲˣѩ壬Ե, Ҳϲ㣬Ұҵ߶㡣
ѩŪЩС㣬˳ƵĻ֮, ӵˡ
ǿռ, ˵ˣѾߵˡ
ǻĳƣһס, ô, ѵһһ㶼ϡ
Ʋ, 뵽ζ뵽޿ɿܵĳ⣬񽥽ᶨ
ĵŰɣ֪ϲֻҪԺ󣬼ôóԵĶġ
С±۾ǰۣųǼĿ⣬˵Ĳ档
һʲôģʵ̫߳ˣȥ顣
ĲҪкܶණģħƷʧ
ĺЩԵİѾˣҲˣǶԷҪ
ħƷ
˳ƵĻС㵹Щ棬浽ʲôˡ
ǰǹԵģЧƷ·һӸһ㣬ĵΧС˵Ҫ㲻ˣǿըСͲ䡣
ƻϲϲĽţĿռ䴢װĶʲôСһһ㶵ģ꣬ʲô߰ߵľⰡ
ֽӹռ䴢˵ģԺ󶼻װһԵĵġ
Ƶ۾һְǺѡ
ţѡ
С㿴˿ռ䴢Ķûȫߣ˼ԼȤġ
Ȼһ￴ȥҪӣСҲṵ̂ȫˡ
ѡļƷƷʺսõĶѡΪλռƻƷܵúϣһҪ߳۶Ҫ͵ɡ
СˣԸƻλ顣
˶֮Сͳȥˡ
ҪҸطЩȫҪƷźá
ѩҲͱһʱںһ㣬״ûõģҪݵĻǴžǱǿһ㣬ûˡ
Сһߣһλ潻
ĶĿС˼ιؼʺҵĶ⡣
ǷȥĶǿõģЩĳЩλǺõģЩ˾͸ûһһҪ
С㷭һٶҳԺѾ֪ߵӱˡ
ԵģߵǱߵ£ʯͷϷ
λ涼ũÿλũﶼǲһģиŮλũǱߵĸӲֶԽ˵Ķ֪ᷢʲôء
Сģѡ˿ƼλǼ
ħֻĴָСޱȣȳһʷάʺʲôģֻҪһͺˡ
ӣǣʷʺУζʢ
涼죬ƷֵصΪԸãϺɫڸ΢ԣǼӹɫغʳõõƷ֡
ʺ졢ŵɹɺʺ췢òɫѳΪС㣬ɫζıرϡ
Сѡѡ󻹼С׽СδʱΪɫΪȻɫС׽ΪȻɫǳʺݽ
Сѡ֮󣬷Լ֮ǰڵѾȫȥˡ
ѡĶλȽϳģֵ̫ǮĶЩλȴǿԵġ
Ǯ֮СֽĿһ飬ȷʵûбȽʺѩĶ֮󣬲˵
淢ܿ죬Ǯ˵һ̣СµĶѾȫԼߵĿռˡ
ЩǾģֲڶ̣ʲôʱ򶼿£Сǳϲġ
ڼ˻֮󣬾͵ȷջť
ЩСЦˣѩľǶѩ컹ܶһ
Ҫǵʱ˵·⣬濪⻶ӭðߣѩǳȥʳҵ׵б֤ˡ
Сôʱֻ۽һӰ
Ǳ߿ȥʱһϲ
ûпĻӦˣһ˵ֱô
Һˮ滹һ㣬С㿴кܶӰȥġ
С㿴ʱһѲսʿ˻ﲻС̿ģز䣬ȥҪԵˡ
С㿴ˣʵף
ףҧˡ
Ѳߵսʿ˵ʱ򣬺㻹ԾˮҪԵһֻɹС
ݣ˵Ҳ֪ˣԷǸУģ
СĬһ˲˵ܳ𣿡
ѲսʿµѾħҪ
ѩѾҪˣǾԲȥԺħħܲץǳƻؼǣǻжҪġ
˵ܾԶǰж˵ȥģͱˣС쿪ǵʱѲսʿĵһӦǰһȥ
жܳԵġѩսʿ˵
ô࣬԰ɡС㿴ź㣬ôֱ࣬Ķòˡ
Ϊûеԭﷱ˺ܶ㣬˺ܿɿڵķ׳ʵģ
Уġ
ѩսʿҪ˸ǿȥʱһλѲսʿ˹ôˣ
ҪԺħѲսʿĽڵĵǣսʿļ˵İɣץģֻҪȥͺˡ
곤Ѳսʿ˵꣬ѲսʿҲˣһ룬ͦԵģսһʱ䣬ץġ
ôţͷſС㡣
С۾ЦЦ֪ǵ뷨Ҳû˵ʲôǴӲһӣһ֮󣬾ܵ˺ӱߡ
ΪСҪʲôѲսʿҲûߣǾڸѲţ˳㿴Сȥˡ
С֮󣬾ͼ򵥴ֱİŵˮ
ˮͼһ˹Ѹٵҧס飬׺ҧסܣСȻǲģץӴ
ԶսʿĿС㡣
ڸʲôǲҪץħ棿Ǹսʿ뵽ԼСʱʲô棬Щġ
ǰɣŰɣҲûʲôöֻҪȥҧˡ곤Ѳսʿ˵
˵ʱǱߴһ

77 

ѲսʿûԶ, ҪҪС㣬ˣܵһʱȥˡ
ԭΪ, ץħģû뵽ǲ˵仰ĹͰѺħˮˡ
ڵŵħԼħԱߵС, սʿεĶһۡ
ð, ǲܸ̾, ħϳˡ
˵ʲôأֻܹȥȥҧ˰
սʿô, ôˣֱӾǱȥ
Ǵûץⶫģ˷, ץҲûʲôãħˣҲͶ࿴ۡ
Сû, ʵ, ֪Է֮ûȥĵطѲߣǵԼġ
ڵŵ㣬״, ֱô, ɫڡл, ޵°׶⡣
֮ǰսʿ˵жģСͰյλռ
ܿ죬ϵͳͳˡ
ǿʳõ㣬ϸۡڲٺһԶأʳòº׾ͻֶأصĻᵼ˵ʳ
֮СͰóˡ
ֲ޻צӣ˺㡣
Ȱֳ֮󣬷ڲǱһĤŵģֻҪŪƣؾͲĤеԣƻĻûôѣиʱҪСĵ㣬Ūˡ
㶮֮СѾĥ㹳ˣȻܳԣζǲԸʳˡ
սʿ֪СҪʲôⲢǲϲħġ
ħȺİռˮԴȡˮʱҪСģһСĵĻͻᱻҧһ⣬ҪǵȥˣôûлĿܣûþֻʣһǼˡ
Ϊ֪ö࣬սʿǺ
ۿ̶ѾħСˣȥƺڿҪҪԣսʿеһӾͱˡ
ǽŵ㣬˵ܳԡ
ٴαС㣬Щ޿˵Ҿ飬ֻҪŪǸɫĶֺûжġ
ʲôսʿţħǰԹĶˣôܻ̳ԡ
ȥץһ㣬ιС˵
սʿһϵսʿսʿҲЩ棬С㣬˵԰ɡ
СȥʱսʿʵҪ𣿡
ãץģǾͰȥ곤սʿ˵ûãǾͼСַͬͬĶʱ䣬Ūһĺ㡣
ѩսʿ
곤ѩսʿ
ڶõһնץġ
Сϰ֮󣬾ûйˣǰ֮ǰгɿ飬Ѳսʿ
ǰϰɣʳĻͶǿιȥ˵ĻԺǾƶԸħޣûĻʣµЩǾԼԡ
С˵⻰ʱ򣬿ŵǺӣΪûеĹϵǶòˡ
ѲսʿԭǲԸСģСĻ֮󣬶ʱȤ˵ţȥȥ
ΪȤԭѲսʿжܿ죬ǷһʧСǰѰСħޡ
ܿģ˾ͷֱѰҵһֻСħޣǿаι˽ȥ
Ϊ˷ֹܣԭؿ˺ܾãȷûû˷ܻܵˡ
ǲֻܻСַͬѾŪ˺üֻ
Щħ󲿷Ѿ͸ˣСֻڵţҲˡ
£Сʰź㣬ͼսʿˣʵûɣ
ûץħ޻úúõģҰġ곤սʿ˵
սʿŵϵħ˵ҲǣʼأǼһĻܣͽˡ
ǲԺǾͿԳˡС˵
յɽˮһƬʱʱкˮԾ֮ͬǰ񣬴˿ѩսʿǣٴοײеħʱȫϲõĹâ
ǰһֱԺﱣž̬Ǻ޲ˮļһԽԽá
ʲôħѩĴְ
սʿڰæòݰѴõȫ֮󣬾ͽС㣬ûսҲǸ̡ܰ
С㣺
Ǳ佱ˣҲһ㶼ûбοĸо
һ㶼Աòá
С㻹ЦЦ˵֪ġ
֪һҪǺúÿһ£սǺõ飬ǹսҲǲеģʱսҪҪһ㡣
һѵܷûõ˲ž˵Ҫʲô
Щʷ϶ôĿȻûı˼·ء
һߣһ߼ƻһӦ顣
ҪģԺԸԼһ㰡
뵽þûζˣСЩȲˡ
λռڷŵĴ󲿷ҪȥֵģСȴǿóֱġ
սʿҪһģС̵ĲãûһսʿóС̵ʳЩ㣬Сһ˵ġ
һͿʼˡ
Ȳʱ֮СڹﵹˣӦüнģﲢûЩСֱӰձŽȥˣÿǲһģее㡣
кС㵹ˮţΰ͡
ʱѾˡ
ǻɵĳƣתһȦ֮ߴСߡ
ȻѾ֪ˣⲻǲʳ̫ˣ̲ס
ѩսʿǵǻ̵סֻŶڲרõߣѩҲе̲ˡ
ʼһֻС̰Ͱ͵ĿţҶ̲סһˡ
ʳǲûǰܹȥ
ܺԣǻţ쵽Լ֮ſеζһ£ҧһڣһ£ҧһڡ
ǵ۾ţôţҲһ㡣
Сʵǿȥˣ֣ʾҹ
ǵʱͱˣٵС˹
ŶǺħѾԹˣֻҪڲٸŪûжǡС㻹û꣬ͼüѾԼϡ
ЩữεģЩữε̣ǵ룬һ˫۾ȲĿ
ٶȿ˵ǺܿˣΪ˳ԵģЩһʲôܰ
ѹһս츳ļһǣС촽΢΢Щģǰһ˫˫۾εðɣСڵԣеĻϿȥˮ
໡
û⣡
໣
ǿɡ
ѾεĺͻữεǣļĿСߴš
ڸ£๾Ũ˳ŹƮɢƬ̹Ѿ̲סˮˣЩսʿҲſˮ
ôһȺһС㻹ôֻܸװˡ
ʳƮɢջ־õģĸһ룬Ǿûôˣһ⣬Ȼе㲻ͬΪСֵģ˶ûʲô
ֻб룬Ĵս㣬ģãԿǿҵġ

78 ħ

Сһ, ˵
ΪʲôıȽ϶࣬ѵϲ𣿡Թֱֹ
ѩҲ׷׿˹, ѩϣһʮ죬춼ûʲôֵԾԵΪˡ
ҲǺ棬СǸϲ廹Լ塣
ڲϵð, С, ҧгݵǳƸĶ, ѵӦö𣿡
ۼԼˣһ˦β, صĽһʾԼ֪ˡ
ԼôС, ûб˹ܾˣֻҪԺûĲ䣬Ҫȥˡ
ƱԼ, С˵Ժ, ʱüˣ໣ԭΪð
ôһ, ѩ, , ٹʮ꣬СҪѡµģز㱻˸˰
ڻ޵飬ѩ˼άһֱףῴϻԣǴûʲôģû
ҪǼ˺ܶõԣͿϻˡ
һ̣˶峤
峤ױĬĬĳͻȻǶڿԼ
峤Ժ߰ɣʱҲµԣ棬÷ֱû
û͸ץһҪ˺ܶץܶľ飬֪ѡõġ
һ̱ˡ
峤ףš
һߣŸոմЩСһǺ󣬾˸ŵС㣺
鵰ָоеỢ
һսСĬĬľЩһﲻҪˣͺˡ
ԱߣСԼķ֮۾Բˡ
ָоָо
ʵ̫ˡ
һֻСֻСֻСһȺС
һЩ΢ʹֵı飬ӣǡСеľٶóսʿǺ治ѣģ֪ǡǵʲôζ
峤һԼоð䲻ˣøӽˣһûжӺͷӣߵСǰ
ʲôû˵һֱš
һС㣬һʳ
Ϊվеˣ峤׵廹΢΢ģСȵҡһ£վȻС㲻˵
һС㣬һʳ
С㣺
սʿǣ
Ŀϵǣ
峤׻ԸԳĵõһ⡣
ɫһ֮󣬾ŵ峤ҧҧɫ΢䡣
㡺Ȼɫѵ峤պóԵжһ飿
æ첽ǰ׼Լȣͼ峤ҡҡͷĻסԼʳ
峤װѿеȥ֮ɫӲһ˲䣬ȻĬĶʣµ⡣
ۿɼģ峤ϵƤٱˣ˻ϵħһ㣬Ķͷϻ˺
СЩ֣峤׵Ŷոװʱ򣬲Сװ˼ħȥô峤ӦǲСİħԽȥһɡ
峤ʻͼȺеձùŹ
Ŀ峤˵ᣬ˰ɣ
⻰һսʿ䵽峤ǰҪ룬Ȼ峤һڴ˼
ûô̵ʱ䣬Ѿսʿȥ棬Ūһưˡ
С㿴Ŀɻ
峤ԼӦ죬սʿ𾪽ĿУɫ䣬ҷ£ûжô£ô£
һǸưı뺷սʿһưʱֽģ˵ҷˣǺöȻϵħöˣůůġ
սʿǰŰɵĿ峤ǸưսʿһӲ֪ҪҪ峤ȥˡ
Żȥ峤˵
áսʿİеưóȥˡ
Σ֮峤׿ٵļֹʻͼ峤Եýζˡ
սʿԽĲ⣬ǵǰĿͶǵʱЩǸɫɫ΢䣬ֱƨɶǣϵÿһëдžܾ
ţֿ峤ױɫ沿齩ãϵƤٴѸٱ죬ֵһҪԣ
˵ʼǻǵŵģѾȫɺˡ
⡢ʳʲôħȻ峤ˣǲԸ
峤׵Ȼ֪ЩʲôˣС۾һƳСѾȥˣɴ۾ʾš
峤ģ峤񣬶ʱҪ˵ʲô
ûԥģ˹ȥڹﰴ˰Ȼڱӱᣬͷ򣬶ʱ۾һ

79 Ŀ

սʿѧ, ѧ㡵Ķʣµ
иսʿ˱ԵƮŵĺɫŵ˽, ɫ৵ı죬͸֮ǰ峤һĺţǲ³
ô˵أ
ܣжһ, ǲ³
㡿սʿ, ź, ҲƮڹߵĺɫ
Ǹо, ʵǡ˸ϵСħһȵģյĸо, һ˵ϲ
ţоԼֻůˣů, һӵ, 㡾ָо
Ȼѣŷֲ֪ʲôʱսʿѾȦ, лкüһ, Ƥ, ȻҲġ
ȳ껢˷ܵĳ֮˺һľӸΧˣ
ڵģȫ˺ӱߡ
ֻòеĺħʱѾһ̴ֻֻӺ
ЩڵϣĵţеܻغԾһ룬ͱС̸߻ȥˡ
սʿǿһĻ뵽ħʱҲˡ
Ҫù߲һѩѾͽҿٵİˮ̳ˡ
һʱ䣬ԭӦϢѩ壬ȫ²ںӱ߲㡣
ǰ֪ⶫȻôóԣ̫ˣô࣬Ƕûһսʿǣź˵
ˣҪ㣬껹ҪȥһĴ˵
ҲǣץʱСһ㣬ͱ˸Դ˾Ͳܳˣˡ
໣ѾץˣҪսʿһ˷˵
˰ɣҶ϶ǳģ̫Ҹˡ곤սʿǾ˳꼢ģһ˵гԵĶǲ޵ģ˭ҲԼʳ̫óԣǶĵڴġ
ǣںаԵ˺ܾõĺ㣬һ죬˲жأôҪǵˡ
һŰĺ㣬ѩսʿǣøַȫˮ̳ˡ
ǣҪܵʱ򣬷ֲĸ򶼱סˡ
Ҳôһ죬һ׺ݰԵĺ㣬ӺӰԱɥĲѩȦˡ
š
ڳѩսʿʱСĺֳƻͱ峤׸ͨˡ
ڣѩʳıˡ
ڲһѵĺ֮ѩնˡ
ﻹûŵġ
ϴεֲ֮󣬴󲿷˶·ǷӣһأֱֳȥˣҪһƬ
ֲѡɡˮõɳֲǰҪʩʣֿ鴦֣糤һ̶ȺҪʱֲи׷ʷֱڶֲʮ󡢷֦׶ΡҶԺ
ֲֲһˣˮҪϸͺҲԣϲȽϸˬĿؿ飬ҪˮãŹ෽㣬Ҫ
ѡõ֮ѩսʿֿʼڸˡ
ѩ֮⡣
ʱѾǴˣ̫λεĹУ˿Ŵأȣˣ˴
ѩսʿ˰죬˿ɫٿ˿ˣ¶ͷðĺֱӾ˸ط˵ϡ
һƬǱѩռģϢǸľûˡ
ϻŻźЩѩսʿǵɫЩƣ·ã󲿷ֵѩսʿΪ˽ʡڱ۾˯
ȥУǱ߳ԵӦҲˣȥҵɣ˵ѩսʿС
ϵ·Ƶģȫ⣬ԼĲӡ
ء
ǳ򹤵ʱ򣬲䶼ѾɽˮĵزˣôˣǲżĻȥңҲ֪ˡ
̫ĹԽԽˣɹǰΡ
ǲ룬ֻûԸⰡص
ѩ֮ǺҵģûϣѩúãԸ˹ӶһЩ˵飬Щ飬µĻܵˣܲѩ塣
һ㲻ãʲôʱƵҪȥǵ鷳
Ȼ˵սʿһأǴ󲿷ѩѾˣǰ˵صսͷûôˡ
ЩĻԾһ㣬ôܾܿͻشԵΣգЩҪѩսѩһش
ʱرĽЩнطʹʲôҲõİܶġ
һˣȻ
Ǵûй̶ģֻܸ˴㹤ѩսû˸ˡ
ûй̶Ҳǵʳ·ѾΪ⡣
Ϊ̶ȵĲǮǻѡ˺һİ취ټʳκͣɺͿʳã͵״̬
ΪҪʵ̫ˣСһͬϢ峤ʵ̫ˣѩ˶ȥˣ
峤һһۣ˵ûԵģȥˡ
Ǹл𣿡Сʵ
еܽлֻҪгԵģеľͽвˡ峤˵
Ϊʲô
ʱԼûɾͲܻһֱûϢˡ
峤ûаѺĻ˵ѩǺܿ˵Ĳ䣬ûϢˣ͡
СĬһ˲Ȼ˵ȥһЩ˽лɣʷＦ߿̻УҪģеˣƵʩĻȻԽԽˣֵصҲ·ҲֳҲ
һһĵţԽ˵峤׵ɫԽˣĸڳԵĲٶˣԵĲٶˣǾԲܵġ
С㻹û˵꣬Ǳ峤Ѿһվˡ
Сͣס
峤׻˻֣˵Ϣˡ
á
峤˵Ϳ첽Ǳȥ㡼峤ˣҲæĻ
峤˵
ȥļһлһ㣬Ұѵַ˵£ٶȻɻ峤򵥵˵һ²
꣬ҲͬİģǽҲٶˣҲٶ˾ǺӲٶˣɫһݣ˵İɣһǶ
峤׵˵ͷ
ͱɻˡ
ѩغܴ󣬵ھսʿȫٱ£ҲѾ档
ÿ嶼ԼеϵʽѩҲǲģ㡰µĺۼ˹ȥûþҵһؤ
ϻϻˡ
ĿԣϵϢҪɶǼٻˡ
ˣΪȫû뵽ѩ壬ôڻûңһֻֻģݹᾣҪΪһֻɸɵĴèˡ
ĵɻ峤˵ģõģѩ壿
𾪵ǣسˣôǴûãǼ⣬͹ⷢƤë޲˵ţûжǻúܺãԵ˯ġ
ͬʱĬͬʱڣ㡭
ǳսʿˣڶݵĳԾæڵʰһ£峤ǻȥ
Щأأô˻ȥ𣿡
ѩ岻ˣص̫ˡ

80 Ӣսʿ

, һڴţơ
涼ʮѣѹǳ˾͵, ΪʳˮԴ͵˷ҡ
ܽԼĳشôҲŽʡҡ
Ŀ̫ˣļ˵ҲãѾֳ˺, Ժÿˡ
ǾӢսʿ, ͬʱ峤ұ, ˶ѩ֪ģѩ岻, ҵʲôùǷǳΣյġ˵廹ҹ, ͷѩ壬ϣѩı֡
һ϶ڰοģǿƤë, ʱЩɻˡ
˵, ʰһ£Ȼȥ˽л
ʰһ£ȥ˰ɡ˵
á붼ûͬˡ
˵̸ѩ嶼Ѿ, ֮ûв廰ǲ˵, ˵, ҶʱͻԾˡ
㿴𣿡ݹ᾵Ļʵ
ˣ׳һһǳԵˡԱߵĻԼռĹͷһֱӾ͵׼ߡ
֪ôˣѾܾûȥˡڲѩ˵
Ӧÿ԰ɣѾܾûȥˣȥҲãеĻٳ򹤡
ݵ·ֻʣ¹Ǽܵϻһ˳֦ѻģôߣֻҪ񵽵ķƷ߾ͺˡ
ȻЩ˲ϡѩʲôûУ᲻ö
ں˵֮ҲԼһ¶Ķ˶ˣΪлȥԶĵطȻҹɫһʱ߱˶Ķúõ˸ա
ʱҲȥɽǱߵģǺҵʲôõģֻĹǹʱ򣬻бȽϺõĶо壬ҲǸûĽ
˳·ȥܿģͿֵĳС
Ϊ˽ѩؼƻľӢսʿһ޵ģھֵ۹⿴ðճС
ûǵĺã۸ûǵĹʳʳǰĺãҲû㡣
ǿʲô˳ۣ޲ðѽðȫѩأǣѩɺˣסžͲҪˡ
һ޵۹⿴ţһѸȺѰѩˡ
ѾԽԽˣͶ㵽ˡ
޻ߣҪһţŻɡ
ȻðճǣʵϸǸֵĵطҪðյŶûʲôֵֻЩĽ˵ǲġ
ԱߵĶǱˣֻһѩģƾɵƤԼĳŹ
Ҫ˵ĻȵĳȻ׬ͭһȥԵģҪǲ˵Ļһǰ׵ȵˡ
Ȧ˺⣬ҲʲôΪѩսʿͲ´ܵģЩҲɲҪȦӵ飬붼롣
˿ͺˣ֪ΪʲôܶǲԸѩĳӵģֻżģҪʵĹ壬л׬ͭ塣
֪ôˣʱǳʱ򣬲ѾûжʳˣЩڱڹӶ֮󣬾ûлȥˣһֱ׬Ǯ׬ǮʹţȻһʱٴȥ
ʼʱ򻹺õ㣬ԽԽˡ
޿ֻϣһֱãҪֻ꣬Ҫ꣬лˣһ˾Ͷ߹ˣ߸Ͳ
ʱǰĳͻȻһĽк
æ̧ӣϰڳһӣ׼ȥˡ
ߣүҵĳӰɣҵĳӸɾ
үܵˣҵİɡ
ˣ׼һλΡ
ҡ
޾ӵ׼ȥˣæȥһ̧ͷֵܡ
סˡ
ζѩ尡
ڴͷˣ˵죬ȥ
ԱߵĳһûϷ˻ȥ
ϣʵ㡣
ţСӻǵҰ죬׼һ»ȥˣأʵ
ڱĵطȥǳʲô飿ʵ
ûУҪˣͷ˵ȥˡ
á
㡰ط֮ڴӸطҵ˴ӹѩսʿиսʿ֪͵͵ȥˣץʱһѪץһҡ
ֵʹЦŰҸ㡣ģС̰ҫҳһ㡳ĬƬ̣û
Ȼȥ˺ܳʱ䣬ʵѩЧǷǳߵģ֮ǰ㡾Ѿһˡ
Ϊ˷㣬ѩսʿǶ˻Σڱϣҹ̡
ǹ£ܱʵ˻ϵħһĻͲˡ
ǸħĺܺóŶ֪֪㡣һѩսʿ㡣ʵĺó𣿡
ǸôȻðŽǮȻ׬ıǻҪ࡭
֪ͷǲĺܺóԣ
ǲĲʷＦֳֳҵʱȥ𣿻᲻
ңҲǣȥιʷＦá
ʱҪʲôﻹǸǷӣǶԵġ
һ·ϣѩսʿǲͣ⡣
㡱ܸ˻شģֻǺЩһǻһֱʣʵҪԱˣȥ֪ˡ
ѩսʿǣΪǷģڴţţʵ̫ˣ̲סҪȥ
ۿ㡲˵ˣǾԼˡ
ҪзˣʱҾȥҲǸһ峤ġһѩսʿŤͷԱߵ˵
໣ҪǲıˣҾͶԼɱѩսʿ˸߲ҵ
ϱ˺ܶණѩսʿһҰİĹͷˣʱҪȥҵܵܣܶ궼ûпˣȥҪȸζ硣
Ҽҵ鷳ˣСӣҳ򹤵ʱѾ԰ѱСӰڵϴˣʱ䣬Ӧ̶ͷ˰ɡһѩսʿԺĿ϶
һѩսʿˣҵܵҲģ˭̶ͷһ
ֻĺ뵱ߵʱ󿴵ĻҴ֪ԭǿԳԵģôʣм䱼еѩսʿ˵
ȥԺһҪúøɻϺˡ
˵Ҫ·ģʱЩðҲȥǵˣʱһĳǾܶǵĳˣͭˣҪд;͸ˡ
ʷＦʷＦһֻţ໣һǸ̿˵ģ͵˲ʷＦҲ֪Ļ
Ҳ˰뵽ʱǲĲˣҲðˡ
ǸǸѩع桢滮ԣѩع滮̫ˣñ˶ѩ彻Ǯ
⣬ðա
ŶԶԶԡ
һȺϻܱ˵ϲõԶ

81 


һõĹ, гˡ
С߳ɽ󣬿ԶһƬã۾, ׼ˡ
̻Ҫæ㣬ҪȰֳúٹȥСȥȫԹԵһ
ֽŵ㡣
СֻŴ, һζòеӡ
⼸, սʿǶ΢˽췿ӵ, Χںӱ߲㣬սʿǸӺŪ, ǸŽȻز䣬׼ɡ
õǲԵ, רȵʱŻóԡ
Сʵʳģᱻר͵ʳá
߳, ӭ洵˹, ŵˮʪϢСıûô䣬ǾѾȲӱˡ
ǱսʿѾ, ǹŰ, ںﲶš
Ӻܳ, սʿǴæס֮󣬽˷Χ
Сע⵽սʿǲȦŵ㣬ץԺģֻôˣȦڲġ
ôˣܻΪС˵ģ´СԵˡ
໣Ѿкöˣǿȥ
ҲҪǶץꡣ
еģ˵ˣҪɳչɫ·
໣һǸС̣Ҳ
ñץ㣬С㣬С㳤ˣץкܶˡ
ˡ
ˡ
ˡ
Сһ̾пСĿС㣬˼ơð̫ˡ
˵֮һ˾Ͳൽ˺ӱߡ
Сһ䣬ʼˡ
Ȼڱĵطǻ棬µʱСǶǺġ
һ㱻ŵ棬ÿ˵ʱ򣬾ͻлữε̰ز䡣
սʿǲ㡣
Сǰȥ
ҶھȻ飬ȫǷյϲá
СҲû⣬һæš
ںˮһɫսʿˮ飬ǵЦȴǲͣġ
Щ죬ʵѾŪ˺ܶˣɹĵطȫɹ㣬ʵǶ࣬Ϊûеԭ򣬶Ѿ˷ĵĵزˣҲ᲻þôˣ˾һֱץš
Ҳһֱڵģʱܵĵط̫ˣҲ֪ܵȥ
սʿǶܵģ֮ܵǰѴĶץˡ
峤վˮսʿһץ㣬ǻ㣬еһθпصʵ̫ˡ
ֻҪһ뵽Щڶʱͻߣ;ֵʹ
ǰЩ˾ˣһоûУеСˣˮʱЩһﲻðڣ᲻õģһ㶼᲻ãԶҪˡ
峤ѾˣҪҪط˵ץС㡣һѩսʿץһʵ
š
峤׿ŵϵ㣬˵ȰЩȥ˵Щɹˣ㣬ȥôȥٿ
峤ĻеìܣսʿˣҪҪǱ߰æǰæҪ㣬ץһֻûۡ
˵ͷ˵֪ˣ峤
˵꣬ѩսʿٶȣһѩսʿȫ˲䡣
峤׿ʣµսʿ˵ȥǰ濴ˣһֻ㶼С
֪ˣ峤
߸ѩսʿ⼸ץ㶼ץۣǴûԹôʳģѩսʿһٿٵǾǣѩսʿҫԲκһܵġ
ڴæȻ죬õʱڴһѩϻˡ
Щѩһ̾ŲǾϲǣзӣԭûƭǰ
öķӣǸǸô󰡡
ǸӦþǿݾƵˣ˵ġ
໣ҿˣףС̲׶˯𣿡һսʿָǱ߲ԶɻǣʵЩǵ⣬Ѿ֪ЩСӦ׶˯š
Щ̳ô׳ʵһǲǿ׳˰ɣݹ᾵Ļһ̾Ŀ̣ŨŨĽ
ֻĽûã·̵Ľӽǿ˺̣ܶЩǣһģûͦԲģߵʱ򿴵һ㶼һ
ӣǾˡ
ûͦðӦ˵ǷǳĺˣԲôһȦ
ǡ֧飬׬ǮĻô׳ģʻѩеᣬԼ̫ûˣѩ׬Ǯࡣ
ˣġһ۾Ϳһʲô˵ߵʱ򣬻ڳš

82 Է

һȺʮһֻϻ, ôƾһ˼֮ȫ˲ſˡ
־ϲĿԼĲ䣬ܾ, ܾʲôһˡ
ǵģ·ҪĿֵЩʴӡ
һֱΪ
û뵽ǿʱ, Ѿôˡ
۾еʪ, Ȼצһ, ץԱ·һֻС̣˿, ַڵצӲ˲ȣţǽʵġ
ڵϵС, ͱˣһëˡ
ô˸𣿡뻢Ŀ, ҪǴ򲻹, ͳȥˡ
ǲǿû̲סͶ𣿡׵ĵܵܣƲƲ, ˵, ȥ, Ҹǡ
ԭܲģһǣ뵽㣬ЩŤŤ˵ǸҾͺˣȥ¡
񿴵ܵôŤӣüǱ˸ˣ
ԣձӣҪǱ˸ˣǻһֱģô
ԼҪǣǸԼԵӣСӣ˵ܴˣ
ֻСӷŻѶ˳Եġ
Ļʳڣһֻ˽ŵϻһ㣬Щ˵˵ʲôءҡС
ݺݵĵһԼĸ磬˵ˣ̶ﻹһġ
ŵܵⲻͬѰģˣҵԼĶӳ˰
Դ˵аɣ㣬ԺҪúദս
ֱͦţһʾ֪ˡ
ԺһúõıģǺܶ˺ܶ˶ᱣģǸһһսûУ϶ǳžҪ۸ˡ
Ǹ˱֮󣬾ͼһһ㶼ģǷŵȻܻزˡ
ĪЩʧ䰡
̾ţܿһ˿˿ĸ̾ȫԺ
⡢ǵĲ
һƯķӣʵǽӴȥһ۾ͿԼ澫µΰ衣
ǵĲΪƭ˵ģû뵽˵ĻҪð
ǰȥ壬Ǳ߻ûƯ
ϴǱӶģﱾܺˣǻûá
ýĺǣԼʵŲ䣬ʯ̵ĵ·ϣеĸо
ǰߣǾͿ˵ɹŵ⣬ܶ⣬ൽһ۾ͿԿ첻õˡ
һӻ˻Σ˸ߴ䡣
ԲεģĿǰûȫãܿսʿʩĳ档
âѩĵ£ţԶһ㣬ЩƬâŵθߵչççԲԵɫڽ˶ߵĴӣڲ㡣
ͼոһϸߴǣ۾ĸˡ
Ȼû˵ʲôǿǼı飬Ϳ֪ǰĻ棬Ǵ˶ĳ
ǾѩˣҲûҵʲôùֻؿ˳ӹһΪ׬ǮĻһҲΪػأʲô飬Ҳܹһʱ
û뵽ػر仯ô
ʱʵῴʲôģÿλǶʹѣ޲ûûҹ£ò˹úһЩʹȥˣҲûҵʲôõ
һʮֻϻ㡵Ĵ£ܿҵ峤ס
ʱžսʿںӱ߲㡣
⴩֦бб׵ϣصŵ㻶ϲ·˷صİһ㣬ֱͦһ㡣
峤ǻˡǰ˵
ΪѩľӢսʿѾ뿪̫ˣٴλع飬вν˵ġ
ʮŸӲʵĸǿӣǵַǰźһڡ
峤׻һȦǶˣͷã˾ͲҪȥˣܶҪ
ǡ
ǾͿʼ°ɣǻãٹʱͿԳԷˡ峤˵
ǲԷʲôģϾʲôҲ֪ԷǸɻ
û˵ʲôոջʮѩ徫ѾѸٽ˹״̬
峤׿Źˣ΢΢ЦЦ
£ʮսʿڲͬĺӶϲź㣬ѩսʿǶȻĸɻţ˭Ҳû͵һɾǺܾõʱ䡣
Ȼ峤׵ɫһ䣬˿ʱ䣬໵һ˴׻
սʿҲæ˴׻ȫϻѸٵģųٶܡ
ûзӦһЩ±ƣո峤еǳԷɣ
ΪʲôЩһô죿
ǻ࿴һۣôսʿӦҲ죬ͱɴ׻ˡ
̳УһȺϻƺƵģʳȥ
һȺϻô𼱻ǵܵʳá
ܻʱʳѾ˲ٵˣѾȫˡ
֮ǰĵط峤һսʿҪ˻Ҳ졣
峤ǻʱѾˣȻ׹ڸһˡ
ǿʳˣЩ±ơ
ܿͨˣǶ˰ɣرĵš
ȵһʳ˾ʱоﲻԾˡ
룬Լþû˰ɣҡҡͷš
ȵڶʳ˾ʱ̧ͷе㰡
룬¶һҸ΢Цڵ˹á
ȵʳ˾ʱͻЩ񲻶ˡ
㣬̫ˣʲô
ǻ࿴һۣɻ
ǰЩԶҲûôϣǸո·ǾǱȽϽģζŸŨ
ȵĸʳ˾ʱûоרͣͣһҫĸ̾ǻʱ򰡣е⣬ϵħ˶һرгɾ͸У
ˣǲ֪ʲôɣ֮ǰںץħǸ㡣
ĸ峤ףԭǵһģػЩˣںġ
⣬󷽵ǰһȦĳȥҵطˡ
峤һߣǵˡ
ȥ̤ĵȴɡ
֪ΪʲôǾ͸һҪˡ
ȥ̤Ҹɡ
Щ쵰кóԵĶ֪һ
˲ɫ׺ݵŶӣһΣҲһҪ
ſеԽԽŨǵĶѾʼĽˡ
ǾͳŶӣǿ͵ģǿΧһȺèˣſŨǾ͡Ͳĸˡ
ʿˮаţ֪ܿˡ
֪в֪ѾˣôķȻûһǽģͣɶ͵͵ĺһ˵ܵÿһҲð
׺ݵĴèﻮһ˿Թ֮ǰԼ뷨޲һưĻȥ
ٸһλᣬһҪܻ
ԲܱЩһǣ
뷨һץĶʱ˲˶塣

83 ſ

ھҪʲôʱ, ǰŶӵѾˡ
ڿ͸ϡȺʯˡ
ܴ󣬵ѩ˵, ʲô
Ҫǹﻹŵ⣬ûȥ۲
ǰļʮѾˣʣµľﻹˣ龰ǵĶˡ
Ȼǹһ, ǲ, , еֵԼʱѾûˡ
ԭΪ, Ǽһ㣬Ǽ˺ܶ
ʵһ㶼һ
ԭ㡲ûдţ, ˵̫ʵ˰
һ⣬ֻʹ޷
Ȼ޷ǣ쵽, װ, ʵ̫óˡ
׺ĺһӾˡ
⡢Ҫ֪ǰһǰĻ쵰ȫȥ, Լǰˡ
ں޵, ӿ¡
֮쵽ĸ, ڳ£סˣǱ˴˶һۣʼ̻ţ̫óˣ̫̫óˡ
һ̣ǵ˼һһġ
Ǿǣ´γԷʱһҪ߿ˣ
̫㣬̫óˣħȻôóԣǰ֪һոջѩ壬Եֻ۾ˡ
áǸҲ֪ʲôǺܺóԣֻϵħĸоԭİ
̫ɵˣ֪ͿɱȻ֪Ϊʲôô졣һѩ˱߳Աź˵ֺ۲档
̫óˡ
Ϊʳõ˺ܺõĻ⣬ÿѩĴ涼ð⣬ȻЩѩ˵ǲġ
⣬һҪȥⲢǳԵЦ档
Ϊһսʿ˵ҪȻҪԱģܹάսǲԸյӶѩսʿͺѳԱˡ
ܳԵôһ⣬ѾҪҸðݣҪڵϴˡ
Ȼģһ٣ôмؾһѩ氡
ؾ󣬶ʱ
ôóԵ⣬ԼΪʲôҪָؾ
һȻҲע⵽һ㣬Ŀʱͱˣ׺ޱȡ
ûеڵĹȥԱߵѩע⵽ǵĿ⣬ν˵ǵؾ߸ɻġ
ʲôſؾ붼˵
ȫдŲͬ¶дžܾ
Ա˵ѩսʿ˼ƣ찡
໣ˣⲻǵС
ʱʲôţ
ǸʱЦеĶЩԵ˵ǸԼĻܹѵؾǷݵĻĻǾͿõؾߣܶ漸ؾĻüؾߡ
ʱԼСϢʱϲ񰡣ȻûãǾ֪ˣ㾿ôɥĲ
Ѿģ׼ˣÿ޶ɵԼģѾƣſڵˣ͸˵ѱ˵ɵˡ
뵽Աߵѩսʿͬܵļ˵ֵܣǱ嶯ȼ֪ˡ
Уһ춼ܵˣҪȥ峤޷ܣ˳ѩĶŵȻ氡ʵ̫ûԽˡ
һһȻҲôģڿĳ֮󣬾׼һͬͬˣҪЩؾǸϳȥ
ǱߣؾҲǻġ
Ⱥ׳м䣬ÿ춼ĵģദôһʱ֮ѩսʿǵƢҲѾòˣڲ˵һ㶼£Ҳʱµɪɪ
Ҫߣǲߵġ
ѩĵؾѩĵؾʬ
ôǲߡ
ڿѩսʿϤı֮ϿʹˣЩѩսʿҲ˵
ܵȥ
Ͽ˾ãҲûȥɻǰĵˡ
ȫΧ۵ؾһ˵ļѩ壬ĿԲɣҪҪȥץ˿ˡ
ˣץĻҲû취ģǰǵĻˡ˲˵꣬˵ҿԣһ˵ʮ
ôϤĻﰡ
뵱Ҳô˵ġ
ѩսʿЩɫŤ뵽Ƕʱ䷢飬һΪ˵ľ˵ˣÿֻǰոԵܼµġ
Ǹɵӣһ⻰ʱ֪ˡ
뵽֮ǰǻ㡣治ѵǻɻģ
š
ôһ£ʱ͹ȥˣͬΪһӶεѩսʿ˵߰ɣ˾͹ȥ£ҪϻоĻȥ峤˵˵¡
ܻЩ⣬ȥץǺóԵһ˵۾ʱˣһϲúԸ⡣
ȻϵʱҲһֻֻȫѸϻˡ
СҹʱѾһûˡ
֮ǰڿͬӶε峤׺󣬻û˵ͱȻһڿҿҵš
飬峤ױΣŲӻȥˡ
һˣȫѾӦͶǿȵˣβͻȥġ
ǣһԻ˭ڸʲô
ûã˽Ͷɹһѵ㣡
ôţĻԲˣ黺
໣ֻҪгԵľС
ڲ֮ıһ䣬ţͿһֻոջε̡
ΪڵľӢսʿǺʱģʱ򣬲ûаڳսʿ̬ţûѾ֪ˣںóԵȫСŪġ
Ϊһս壬һ㶼ûս츳֪жˡ
ԼٴˣĿ⻺һ㣬С㣬㣬ʲô飿
ʣʳôġС˵
棿ûʲôԵģɻ룬УҲǳԵ㿾һģܳԿĲ࣬Ƕǹħʦսʿǵݵ˲ܳԵġ
һЩֲڡɺں濷Ҳ˶ԳԵģ󲿷˻ÿճԲݵϰߣͥ΢õģһҲһͷĲݡ
ðأʲôС΢˽һʵ
õðȻǳģֿΰͣѩ屻ӶʱҲǳЩģǹӶõģǶûģĺôǮø䣬ͳԵñԼļ˵
ãǵرðأǻԸ𣿡Сʵ
⻰ʱһҪЩ˹ĻǿһҪѺħȫץ
ܿģּСʻ飬˵ܣһܣǵʳǺóԶˣܣǸóԡ
ʡС㲹
ûǺʣܺóԡ˵ţְѵܱܵ˳һƽʱǲǶڲĺģ
С֮ǰƨɶԼˣû뵽ϳˣһСȫơ
СЦЦ˵ܸɣȷʵܵõȱ˶ʳ
ϵıǽգüһѹô׳ֻҪһ뵽Լ¶޵ģͼʻ˰
СõҪϢ֮ͳȥˣһ˱ԲƨϣûãСʹһžϻСϻԵ

84 

, СȥݷĻǡ
ݺǧлʳǺĵģǱϾǻ˸طǿζ, Ҫġ
СػʮֻõóԵʳǿ⣡
ģΰͣûʲôԵġ
һǹĻС
Сʾˡ
ȻǮ˵ʵ޻ҿôʱ֪ʳˡ
ڶ, ոյԲԵɽʱ, һѩսʿѾˡ
¸, ·
СѾˣҪѩ, ޽һ·
·İȫҪ֤ģ˵ûΣհɣҲҪ·ѩȫ·
Ȼ·ҪҪ, ˵ʲôôʹͨɣҲҪֻСʹܹͨģѩе, С㻹޸С·, ĸСʹ޲ͨˡ
ҪȰ·ͨˣȻ˵˸޵ٺÿûõġ
·ֱӴѩ岿޵, Ŀĵؾѩصı߽, ܳ, ڵ˵Ҫµġ
ѩ岿ѾûһֻлˣСҲû취
ϾҪҪץץ㣬Ҫ跿ӵĽ跿ӣ鶼УĻص޲ö೤һ˫²źá
¡
ǰŵѩսʿѸٶЧĽѩϵҴħޣǵ侲жڽһֻħ֮󣬾ѸٵһƬط
ľŪߣдʯͷĻ飬谭Ľÿѩսʿû͵ֹȷԼ顣
мѩѾŹǱߴͷµĸֶˣʯģڿҿҵ·ÿһζרŵĻͷսѵȫһ飬ǲҲãʲôҲãֻǶڵصµΣ֮һ·ϵģȫҪȥһ
ȻΪ·ĹϵǺѻȥģҲǺýģһڽԼݵʱ򣬾ͻʳǲûȥԷ
һɾǼСʱ̫˵ʱ򣬲ڵѩѾͷˡ
ʳ謣һ˾ʹŴ𣬰ȫ˵ĻʳˣȻʲôģϳʱ򣬾ѾԼˡ
죬Էˡ謺
⻰һ·лͶ˹
ѩսʿǵ񾧾ʲô
Ǹ𣿡һֻոջĻʵ
ǰڽгԷʱ򣬲˺һֻħޣгԷȲܻˡ
ǰǰҲԣ̫óˡ˵ĺӲŸոƿӿԱ߾һϲ໣вʷＦĵ̫Ҹˡ
ʷＦ±
ŶǴȥˣûϵֻҪ֪вʷＦĲͺˣˣã
໣㣬㣬һֻ̫ҸĻˡ׷϶ϲõЦݣʱ۾һֱӾͰϵ룬謵ϣһ㡣
΢΢üסͷװƽ͵İ˵ÿ˶УҪ
˵һ룬ͱҧгݵζ㼱Ҳûã˭ϣ˭ûԣ
⻰һʮ׼ϵһ룬˲ȥˡ
ѩսʿ¶µЦˣӦóԷˡ
ӵģ졭
謿ЩΪЦЦеŤЦݵǣıܹһֻʷＦһùߣ˵źöӡ
һ̣ѩսʿźˡ
һӾʤһ㶼ţиѩսʿϵĴȶûջʱ򣬶Ѿźˣ˭Ҫؼɡ
ŵսʿȻһˣǰ˸߲ЦԿĶŴʯϵ⡣
Լѩ壬Ȼ֪ѩʲôеġ
ҲúЩһ˷ʱˣʼһװΪʲôЩһԼװȻΪ֮ǰͳװװžʹܵ˰
ѩƻǺսһˣԲܳķԭ򣬶ԲЩһ
Щѩսʿ룬໴ʱСѾʼѧϰħˡ
ħ棬ʵģκ˼ģȻħ಻ȫƻȴġ
СͷͻȻģѩǳΣյģһսûУ˵ˣû˱£ѩ岿͵
ι˵㣬᲻̫ΣˣѩһֱսʿġԥĿС㡣
û£ԡ
̫Σˣѩûгħʦġ
飬ûԣ˭֪ء
Сվ£ߺЦ̬ݡ
룬־е˵ҪǲоˣǿԼ
İɣ֪ġ
С˵ͽӹ˳Ƶݹһˮ
ˮӨ͸ҫ貵ɫС㰴֮ǰ˵ķָȥ
ûһСϾͿʼˡ
ûͣǱ۾
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ʱ·ø
ƽŵһ߿ţСŵˮɲһˮרˮˮ̺Ҫ߶ˡ
ûС᲻ļħԪǵȴĵĵġ
ϾС鳤úÿ˵Ķرĺóԡ
ϰġ
۾עС㣬һûסԷͳˡ
֪˶á
С˾͸ˮ̳һȫҺʪˡ
ƲҴ۾һֱţֱСſ۾æʵôûﲻ
С̧ͷųƣҡͷ˵ûС
ͻȻʼ
ƸħĲ͸͸Ц⣬ɹˣ
š
СӦһڸϵħԪء
ǰǺܵģоȫյѹȣв㱻ѹѵĸоöסˡ
ƿС㣬۾ȫ֮ɫ
Ѿˣ̧˹ȥ滺ɫ˲ͱˣͻȻһȻؿС㡣
⡢ħ
ŵĿš
˵ѩսǲħģǵĴһΰսӵ˵ǿ󣬵Դӻֶ֮ѩսҲʱƶ½һսʿ
ȻֻǸ֪Ļ֪ģѩѾܶûоѹսʿˡ
ڵһοʱ뷨Ǻһģѩ嵽һҪˣսʿȻһսûС
û뵽һսûе̣ȻħԪأ𾪵ǣħԪػǳĳ棡ͬħʦ
⡢⡢⡭
һ㶼ħ
ȫ֪ӦôԼĵ𾪡
㡺ͼѲսʿڸܵħ֮󣬾ͳ߷ɱˣСϵħԪʱƤ

85 ץ

ѩһֻսʿ, ͻȻħʦҪ˵Աߵʲôһ㶼ŵġ
ĿײеĿ˳, 쵰ȻٵΪսʿ֮·
㡢
ƱСˣͦĵģ絶ͻȻо߱סˡ
ǵոչʱѩ嶼ûİ
ȫƬ, Σ, ȵΣա
ǰѩ, Ҫ
̫ˣСϵı, Ц˵㡣ôˣ
ħʦ
Щѵ˵ţ⻰ж, Ҫĵʵ
˵֮󣬻ͣ룬ο, ǻһϲ, ԺǸǿħʦ
ѲսʿΧİѳƸΧţ㡵ĻæΥ˵û, ħʦҲǲġ
Ȼûоѳսʿ, Ѿܰ, ѩ̡
ţС̣ԺҲһֻѹѩˡ
Ạ̊́ܰţħҲǺ˲ģǳ
սʿһıŤСýָͷ룬֪ˣﻹůůģЩһǣʹΥԭĹҲҪοء
ѩһս壬ΪľǾӢսʿˣʱһΪԼرѹԲűŤİοš
Сº͵ЦЦ˵ǰʲôǿҺܿġ
СĻƤøˡ
㶼ˣװû£һġ
л׹⣬ʱһˡ
ƱŨصɱţһ˳Ľŵֱţȫ֪̱֡ҳץô°
С㡰ѳƸǰ˵ҾħʦģΪҿҪˣƴսʿıħʦ
û˵Сı֮˵ţ㣬ħʦʵҲģһ־͡
æס죬󻢿Ŭţħʦʲôš
еħʦ͸Сһһץһȫûк룬ǿӼײҵħʦõ顣
˵Ժջ÷Ѿˣ̫ˡ
С㣺
佱粻Ҫ
ڻȥ֮ǰǱ˳һ١
Ǽһﶥһʰ쵵ĶʳãһֱԼĲ͡СҲûһ޹ᣬһĺóԵġ
Сħʦ飬ڲ˲Сĺ䶯
ĸǿȹǲûж˵ʲô⻹һԭǸ㲻СôģҲͲȥˣ´˲ôĶġ
Сͦεģķû취ҶϲսʿͻȻһϲսʿģǾԲŵġ
Ҳûֳʲô飬ȥɡ
Ƭ֮Сͳȥˡ
Ȼǲֳʲôûһģ
Ͳ˵ˣԴӷܳԺֶĺһԾսǵӣȫȦϽץӹСſɳչ
ǧǧ׵ĺӣǸѩսʿǸΧͷβȦţҪûʲôˣ峤ǶҪˡ
ÿѲ߶ӳȥʱҲصӣûб͵ġ
ԭĲʷＦ֮ȻˣĻѩʳõġ
Ҫѩ嶼ԱǱȻҪȥĲʷＦãڱСûǣ̰ãڻõ£ܰϵĻãѾܺˡ
Сһһš
ڿ˲ʷＦõֳȦ֮ȥӱ߿˿
񻹲ữεԼĹ֮ϲȥӱ취ץġ
ò˵Щèĺܰ㡣
ʼõİ취ģ˸Ӽ򵥵İ취Ǿβͱ޴ˮ棬ģ¹ӡˮȻɿצ̳ĵϡ
̬ٶȣС·ļһɿˣһ֪Ǵѩ̡
죬߻װһС̵˹
𲻹ˣ̲ȥŪ𣿡С׻ʵ
ˣ̻ȥˣ֮Ҫɹɣûط֮ҲҪҵطɡ΢һ˵⻰ʱ򣬻һĿϧĲð
ô࣬øϿ꣬ǰСħԣСˡ
Ұͣ˵ҪȷڵϰɣЩˣǿץ꣬ҲкܶԵģҲö
ţǿɡ
С˵ţȥֹˡ
ԶսʿҲڲͣץ㣬ĺȣ쳣֣ÿֻҪץһ㡣
С㿴ԶһѩսʿѾ·޳ˡ
˵ҲǺЦѩ֮һῴֳûҸĲʷＦһֱûлȥ
ΪÿǸ֮󣬾ѾſˣǿԼ߻֮⣬սʿǶǱɻαϻġ
һΣЩֱǻȥսʿǶֳͺˣһ죬ʮֻϻ񾧾ĶŲʷＦãҪЩһǲ̫ŶҪˡ
СְѲĵһ飬κж
ķҲû£һЩ趼ͬţⷽ泰ƻǲɼʯͷ͵
֮ǰ㡳ȥʱѲ߶ӰâȫŪ˹ȻֲǰâֻζеâټĹȷʵܳԣͽâˡ
ǰǲģѲ߶ӵ˵ܵͣС㲢û⣬һâ̻ģҰȻûʩĺ
ڷӣ峤׵˵ôģСֱó˵£ûˡ
ѩսʿȷʵǿסȰһӵð֮ȴưܴڵģҪõģͼʮ䷿ӣȫǷһ͵ĵط˼շչˡ
ѩغܴʲôϡŹֵĶУ͸˵ˡ
СûгȥģڷϵЩѲսʿԺ󣬳ȥġ
ϵȻռеķЩա
ճΪ̥ơģܵȷӹͺڰ˰ٵŰٶҵĸ±նɵƷƷлաաապͺյȡ
СճŪͺһɣ֮ҪûգŻøӽʵӲҿԷˮ
ڵȴʱСҲû˷ѣȥ顣
ʱСһС
һûˣڷ֮󣬻˺һԭȰźõ˾ͻἰʱ֡
ȥЩðŵҪҪסޣҪҪԷ飬򵥵˵Ǯ
Сǰ㣬ʱľѾðǹˡ
һ·ðŵĳԱǶ±Ƶģڿѩսʿ·ʱǻϲϾȻɵϣװЩðռˣǰѩսʿ֮ǵЦݾͽӲϡ

86 

ʼʱ, ˵סݾƵҪǮУϾס˷ӣǺͲ˰
ðŵһԱ̲סʵΪʲôסҲҪշѣ
ľٺЩ˽ӴҲ֪Լҵı˾Բñռˣ˵ס治շ, ǲѩѲ߹ĵط, ǲԸסڲѲ߹ĵطǻг۵ͼǲ᷸
ðųԱ
ã˼, סڿݾƵ, Ǯյ, סѲߵǮյ, סĻҲҪͼ֪ʲôطҪշѵġĺʣѩ
Ϊʲôǰ, ֪ç壬ʼˣ
ؼ, ⻰ǻû취
˼Ҷ˵˰, סס, סԼ
ðųĬһ˲˵סݾƵꡣ
ܵѩ, Ͳʲôð, кõȻȥס, ΨһźľǣռѩôıˣԺûռˡ
ȻȥѲסʲôģǾԲѡħôΣգûѩţһŶֱӾܰҹ𣬾ǿһŶӣҲԸҹ˯ʱ򣬻ҪֳĳԱѲʲôģ㲻Ҳһء
ðų߱߿ѩսʿʵȥ𣿡
ȥˣ̫ˡľֱ˵
ðų
еܸŹȥˡ
Ҫ֪ǰʱѩ嶼ȥǱðʳģֻҪһĴۣܸѩһȥˣЩ˾Ȼȥˡ
ʵΪʲô
ľһһѾĿ⿴ðų˵ѵû̫æˣǱߣڸǷӣ֮ǰÿѩ嶼ҪиסԺҪͥסȻΪðṩľƵԼʲôҲҪ׼ãʳǵĻѾǳ
ðų˳Űľָŵķ˹ȥǣеѩ嶼æţؼǣǰѩ̶ˡ
Щһǲǳ˯˯˳Ե𣿵ȵȣΪʲôûлεѩ̶ڵӰš
ðųǳѩæˣⲻֹæѾæ̸ϳˡ
˵ֶסˣǡʳ
ûľǱɹɣͦŽѩ岿ʳʵ̫óˣһûгԹлϵħĸоŶ
ľİһѣðųȴϳǱɹŵĶ۾ֱ
⡢ǺǸħɡ
ǾȻѾɥĲĳˣ±
ˣԼԵˡ
ðųòľܾˣǾԲȥֶģΪԼŶӣҲԵֵز
ѩսʿԱߣһ㣬ڿһӡ
иӣдſݾƵꡣ
ʵģģõסˣȻЩԼסĵطܱȣǱطǺܿˡ
һʮ˽ȥƵܿڷӣʱϢӡ
ǺõģǿҪٸ䣿ľ̬쳣顣
ϴ㡽ӴģҲʮˣصడǶҪ˫˼Ҳûϵô˵׬ͷġ
ݾƵʱȥܶ౻ӣܶսʿǶ۵ģԴ׬һ֮սʿǵ̬ȾѾȫıˣֻҪе׬
ðųǸ󷽵ˣ˷֮󣬾һһ䷿ӣʮҡ
ľЦĽӹ֮󣬾뿪ˡ
ųѩ岻˰Ǹոչʱô෿ӡһ˵
ţӦǱˣǲ֪ʲôԭǱġðų˵
ʲô涼ӵôˣٲı䣬Ҫȫˡһսʿ˵
ǰǹʱ򣬶ûпѩ̣ѾֵˡȽϸĵħʦվڴߣָѩ˵
ħʦԱߵ˿һۣɵ𾪵ѩҪʲô
ûпĻǵ·ŵķӣӦþԺĵˡܿ˿ּһѩսʿһҰѣֵſڣҲͣŪţҪǿҰǽ

ʲôʱѩ嶼ôˡ
Լųǲһٵѩ岿䡣
ų㿴ǣ̶ôʣǲħ޵Ļþսʿ˵
ôһ˵˵ɫҲĳ
ǰǼѩ壬˵ˣսʿǶݹᾣһҪӣڲǱ仯ô󣬾Ȼ䶼ıˡ
Ǵˣ֮ǰûзǻþüͷ˵
ħʦóˮħȣ˵ԡ
ûãͿʼдʵͷˡ
͵ɫħ˲Ϊɢ֮󶼡ǿݾƵꡣ
ħʦ
ðų
ðԱ

87 Ϸ

ȿ, ûԺãһΡħʦһ̧˹ȡ
ǵʧ󣬴͵ɫħ˲Ϊӿ֮󡭡ǿݾƵꡣ
ħʦ
ðų
ðԱ
ˣʯ, ѩ岿ĿݾƵꡣ
ħʦЦ˵̫, ӦۻˣȥϢ
˵꣬ٶˡ
ðųסžһ¸ˡ

ỹҪ, ðų˵֮, Ϊѩ, ʮþ, ûѩˣôƻҪıˡ
ʱ, һС˷䡣
ûǽʲôģһӾʹڳ˷, Ѿȥ
ڸո, һֻѩ塣
ǹƤë, ǵȻǴصĲ, һۿȥ, ֪Ƿǳʺѵġ
Ц, ˹ȥ
ȿҪ֮ҵĽŲͽȻסˣȻͷţûң·ţûУȻһ²ˣ˳ȥ
ˣѩĹܺ𣿡Ұ˸ǿ׳ƣתͷСʵ
ո飬ϢСȻɫһĿɿڴؿųǰˣز
ݣһַԺһַڶԱߣΪͻصǰ͹壬Цһֵļһڸʲô
ҿСӦЦøӵŹˡ
֮û˵ͼԷɫͻȻһڣ˵ԡ
ҴߵЦ𽥽Ӳ
ô£ѵǿ׳
Ƥë
ΪʲôѩҪܾ
붼û룬סҪߵС㣬ǰ˵ֻѡ
Сû˵ֱӱһ٣ȻϾ˻Ԫأһ죬˲͸ˡ
ҪǾܵÿ죬ֱӾ͸ճˡ
⡢ѩ塭ԸǱѰ
֮ǰһ㶼һ
ѹǶ˵ѩҵģȻǺܹζ
ֻħѩ廹ˣãţǻһá
㡿ǲҪСҪչԼ̵ʱ򣬲ֱӹȥǾԸˣûϵǼһ
˹ȥ˵ҪˣСǸϲĴģҲ빴ѩĴԣһ١
С˵ͷһʾԼ֪ġ
ųСĶͽӲһ£仯Σ˵Ҷ
οĿ㣬ͷ˵Ǿͺá
˵꣬߾һ˷ϲõˣѩĹܺ𣿡
׵ңڳǿ׳ơ
һַԺһַڶԱߣΪͻصǰ͹壬۾ڴĿС㡣
Ȼ֮ǰϵıȽ׺һǸоԼʵ̫ˡ
ųôʱ䣬ѩĴԡ
Ĵ۾˸ϲõĹâڳһ˵̬Ȼϻȵסз·Сצһͨӡ
ҿС㣬Ǿģǿ׳ġ
һһĿС㣬ȫûע⵽վСԱߵĴͷѩսʿ
Ŀ޻̬ȣֱеŭöͷ
ʱҸܵɱ΢ƿһĿ⣬ķһֻѩ塣
ʱٸһĽѵˡ
ǰ붯֣ͼһӰȳȥ
ұΪԼͶͱ˷ܵſ˫ֵȴˣ͡һֻϡ
ʹ
ŻûеӦֱһ٣ȻͼԼð˻˲Բ۾໽ԶˣûãͱɫĴΣϴ̣ź񱼶ȥ
СջĿ⣬ˡ
һͬĿ˵ţֻҪ㣬ֱ
С㣺
Ǳߡ
Һòܵ˺ӱߣֱӾ˽ȥ
ˮĽ󣬲Ϩϻ͵Ĵˮ˳
һֻյëƨɺ棬׹һֻ̬㣬ֱӾҧƨɲɿˡ
צһģ˲ͱĵˮȻͲɱĿʱʧˡ
ܵѩսʿǣæµŸԵ飬ƺûעһ
ЩɻջĿ⡣
໣ǳʦһ찡
ûϵϴαĴ׷ɱʮĴԸϳ䣬ʨĴԲҧѩĴԺҲͦˡ
ô룬̲סһ㶼ᡣ
ҪԼܵÿ죬ҲҪŪİɣǸµĴ԰
ҿ˿ϵƤëıյˣ໣Ҳܱˣëǰԡ
̫ˡ
ĵĿصʵΪһӢľ壬ȱëˡ
ѹʱðŵųǼˡ
أüͷʵ
ոճȥˡһսʿش
ȥϷ˰ɣ˵Ǽһ͸ÿҸԣʡõ˵
ѾˬǸһܾˣ鷳
Ȼûг꣬ҵĻҲһ˵
ų˵Ļüͷ룬е

88 ޿

һϵʱܿ͹ȥˡ
Ϊѩߵľܾ, ׼ڳ֮ǰ, ĺ˶һ¡
Աǲ½½Ĺ, û˵仰, ʱ, ˡ
ųǱߣʵ˭
ѩİľ, ǿҪԷˣǣҪҪṩⰢľ˵
ˡ
Ǻðɡ
ľյϢ֮ЩʧߣðžҪˣⷹǮǷ˰
ţľͿС, 첽˹ȥ, Щʧʵ, ΪʲôЩ˾ǲǵʳ
Сʻ, еһƮľһԼһսʿ˽غܾõ᲻ҧĹͷ
, ˵ЩˣҲǲԸİ
ӦǾ, ǻڳѩ, , 㰲żսʿ, ǳûĸԷͺˡ
ȻԼҵѩѾǳˣСţЩð߶ѩӰ죬Ժһıġ
ľСĻ֮󣬶ʱ۾ˣæһսʿһ˴Լһ㣬ð̸ķ档
ȻЧеġ
ðŵĳԱǣ˵һʱ򣬾ŵһζ
ζǴδŵģĵģǳˡ
ʲôζ㰡һսʿ̲סվʵ
Ǻ㣬񡭡Ǵ洫ġһԱһţһ˵
ҿҿ
Ҳȥ
һɧ֮ˢһ´ˡ
ðųԱǲŴţͿſڶһȺѩ壬ǵ룬Եû
ڿİ̲֮סʵڳʲô
תͷһԭǰȻȥ׼ħʦ̲סˣʱҲˡĿһֱѩ룬ſˮ
ǰڳʲô㡣ʱŶһսʿҲ̲סˡ
ȥܶطûŵĵģǳĹꡣ
ľ˵վ˵ѩʳزҪҪһһһҡ
ųô۾ʵûΥθ˵Ҫ
˵Ǿһһɡ
õġ
ȵȣҺһȥѡųǿˣЩʳӦþѩħˣôѩ嶼ڳԣҲûµġ
Ҳȥħʦʿˮæ˵
Ҳǡ
Ҳǡ
ҡ
ûԸʱȴοлƮɢôֱҪˡ
ִδŵѩﲻͣƮɢһ̶޷ˣߣҪߣһߣ
ǣľȫԱðԼһٶѩ壬һصʳá
һ·ϣĵǴΧͣװ
ðųԱǲͣſˮǻҪ˹ȥˡ
ʱǶѩʳǲмһ˵ģû˻һѩգԼѩ
ѩȻѺħץˣֱǲҪˡ
Ȼ
ûʲôǾԵġ
ƽѩʳǿ࿴һ۵ģȴ޲ħһ˲ֱӰ͵ѩʳˡ
ðŵĳԱԽô룬ϵıԽ䣬µĲԽˡ
һٶѩȻе죬ֲЩսʿ˵ʵ̫С˼ˣսУҲһܹԺ÷
ܿģ˾Ͷʳá
ųһ۾Ϳðˮħ⣬ǰɫģںɫڵţȥرĿɿڣ˵ˡ
һһ롣ų˵
ʱôµԱǣѸԱߵϣһޱ飬ֻ۾ͣĴߴſϲˡ
վʯѩ۾һϲʼʯװѩǱǮˡ
ųűأǮٶһ㶼
ֻҪײðţûðţ͸˵ѩصðˣǾӢܳԺúȺõ£һ㶼ġ
еǹӺŨζ
ʱӵŨˡ
ųŵζӶ
Ҳûʲô뷨ֱưȻѩҲ֦ҲͲˡ
ħķʵڡ
һƬħ⣬ŵҧȥ˵ģδԹζӿˣͿһ㶼һ
ŶˣرʣĹǱߣе㶼Ҫóԡ
ų£ֿٵһҧȥ΢΢ȡ
̫óˡ
ųʲôˣæʳͣļӿٶȣˣİɾȻͻȻȻһ㣬һҪһ룬롣
Ҳǡ
ҡ
һ
ų˵ʱԱܳ껹ûģҲźˣʳʵ̫óˣ̲סԻԣ¶һûˡ
ϡѩӦһ֮󣬾Ϳʼװˡ
Ȼһ㶼ûǵǰշѡ
ðųԱǲҪҪţ˦ӿԵʱСˡ
ôģһ㶼ĿðŵĳԱǡ˵̫⣬ֻҪǳŵʱǰ߹żʲôġ
û뵽
ѩֱ˼άȻֱӴȥˡ
ôѾҪˣԾˡ
ʱѩսʿǶѾ극ˣ׷׳ȥˣϢһʱ䣬ǾҪʼˡ
սʿķ˵ʵһҪŻᱥӵģðŵĳԱǸʳˣѩֵ߲ģ֮ǰݹ᾵ģһⶼûС
ڵЩսʿǣʱĵ£Ѿͦ׳ʵˣոջһսʿϵɫۿɼıãɻʱҲֻйͷһƤëˡ
ųѩǶ̶ȵʳЩ֣ڲյЩǰˡ
֮ǰˮ֮󣬾͸ѩսʿǹԷˣѡ˸䣬ǱߴԴȣʱԵöƤԲģһ㡣
ֻһ̧ۣͿС㡡
˲Ͷסˡ
ҿѩĴˣҲܸܵŨҵİ;Ķǵˣֻ뵽Ǳյë
ǣ໵һҾͱһֻܣֱӾͳ嵽˾ųǱߣǿмԷĻ
ųңҲû⣬ţٶȸˡ
СЦЦؿһңº͵ıǾĶǵİ鸴ˣȻҪŲʾʱһ
ҡҶʱջԼҪצӣסԼġ
ˣѩ̫ˡ
ҴھųĶƤϣɫһ˲ľȻ޿ģмֿ
ųһԷıһ٣Ȼſͣʣµȫ˽ȥ
صĳС㿴һۣţǸˣѹӻῴϣǿСģ϶ʧˡ
ȥк𣿡ų֮ǰԱʵ
ҿ˿С㣬Լ֮ǰᣬԼ˵ëʱˣҡͷ˵ҲѾĹˡ
˵꣬СĲһ䣬˵ѩǲƥġ
ҵĻϵ˼Ȼųȴһ٣ζĿۻڵķǳǰ;ҡ
û£ϰ߾ͺá

89 

СڿǸһ֮, ûô, ϰϵħġ
Ҫ˵ϵħõ, Ӧþʳˡ
ϰ
ʼʱ, ֻϰ, ôϰѾܹɹûˡ
СûСĽʡʲô, ȫĵͶ뵽ɵУûһǱ߾˺ܶɡ
ÿʱ̾ͻæУû˻͵Եġ
ųܲΪĿţǵѩСõǻϵħ֮󣬾ˡ
˵ѩĴǻ, ȴپħʦ, һ㶼Ǿѳսʿ, ž˵ս
ʧ, Ϳʼħˣ
ĿһС㣬ԽԽȡ
ǶԻϵħƿ, ֱˣȻܼ, ܰѼ򵥵Ĳ, ҲǺܲ׵ġ
ȻԼǸսʿ, ħ, ҲǺġ
Ǹ̡ų˵
ַôãûʧʱ
ʱ˵㣬㻹Ҫһ㣬Ȼħʦڷ֮ǰͻᱻƷҿǵٶȶǺܿġ
ã⼸ϰһ¡Сشš
Իľųһͣ㵵̧ۿˣѩĶӳǰѩȥʹħʦٶ˰ɡ
ϵļݺݵĲһ£˵ħѧͽʲôӵģͼǱߵ˵ˡ
Ȼ⼸кܴĽѾüˣˮƽҪǳȥˣһᱻ˸˵ġһ˵
С㣺һŬѧϰġ
ųĺˣǶˣһһʵžѼ죿
ǰ˰ɣû㡻ͷ˵
ųӵĿС㣬ȻѸٵͷʵ㿴ѩ壿

һ⻰Ѹ̧ͷ
Ÿո뵽ԼǸѩĴһĿܣҾͺݺݵĴ˸սֻҪһ뵽ǸѩĴԣ뵽ǹͺͺƨɣԼڷۡ
ܵҵĿܣųһƨ棬˵ôõĴ㶼ҪҪʲôӵģ
һסƨɣû˵ͼ˵Գúÿ츳ߣҿͷǳʺ㡣
һӵģҵɫͰˡ
ûô׺ĴԣĴԺô˼ңǾĴ͵ɶ
ֻҪһ뵽ԺҪѩԵӰ£Ҿ;Щ
ԣЩֻҪһ뵽ҪѩĴһ;÷ǳĲԾˡ
еΣԽǿˣϣվ໡
ų˵ͷٿǱʱ˵ŶԭôҲʱʰһˡ
ͬһ㣬ĿԼҳ˼Ҷǿ壬ӣ
ڲ壡
һĿܡ
ų¶˵㲻ԽԽζġ
໡ƭӣ
֪ˡų˵
໡Ҳͬ⣡
ǿǿϧ˰ųСԽԽ⣬˵С۹ⲻаһȥ׵ġ
ҽһ͸ˣĺһֱ֮˳ȥ
ħʦʱ򣬲Ͱʳ￨ˡ˼֮󣬿زź
ħ֪ģǲ̫Сˣֻһ㣬ӾǸħѧͽҲûˣԶϾ̶ȣҲҪħʦĵȼŹġ
ʱڳԱħʦѵõ˵Ȥųǳܵˡ
ⲻ֪һһ
ȻħԪؿȥ࣬ǿƶѾ൱׼ˣҪħԪء
ʼʱħʦСʹħģľˡ
ûǴĻħԪǲԷʱֵģѾˣ滹ڼٿԱߵĳƷɣһ㶼ûи
ħʦƤһ£ûиܴĻѩžħû졣
Ĺ۲һ£ɵĽţԼǺųħʦĵӣֱǲܱȡ
ǸʱԼʲôӵأ
ħʦһңԶʱ⣬ǸʱΪҲᣬš
ȥħʦֻƤøӵƲסˣֻȰס
һ֮ħʦվߵСߣʵ㡭㡭ôģ
С㿴һİˣ˵˽̵ġ
ħʦ֪ʣµ˽ܣˣ̲סΪСĻɫף˽̵ͽģ̵ͽģ
һԼͽܲ㡣
ħʦһħĺǻȥˡ
СҲû⣬Ǽš
ͻȻһצϣС̧ͷЩ죬ΪצϣһС
ҵģС㲻ʵ
һĲͷ΢΢Ʋȥš
СצϵĶֽţһСţСģָ׸ôСһСźڵĶ
ʵʲô
óԵġջצӣһͷӡ
ʱǣ۾ˡ
㣬ԣǡ
ǰܺóԵǣˡ
ǰ׸Ҵģرر𡣡
һȺС۾ĿţһĿûһ˳СҪ
ǺĶֻҪ˵ġ
С㿴롣
һСǿȥǱ˷˺ܾһС֪Ǻġ
ڲôãûп˭гԹǵġ
еʱС̻Ҳڱȴţʱ
׶ЩС̣ûиĸģֻںǰǵĸĸͳȥˡ
Ȼ󲿷ֶѾûϢ
㲻ҪĻҾͰЩĿС㡣
Сǵһ٣Ц˵ôأҴûгԹǣлл㣬롣
һǳڵƲȥ
СߵСǣһ˷ܵĿĿ·ڴߴȥ
ȥ֪жˡ
СİǷŵǺ𣬻һ΢΢Ŀͽζ
ȻԹóԵǣǰԹЩȫܱȡ
ǡ
Сȴ΢΢Ĳ
ôܺó԰ɣǲǺ𣿡һ̰ͷ쵽Сţͷ·ҲԵһ
ǲرĺóԣر𣿡
һֻ˷ܵСߣһ˫۾ڴš
ȻһֻûгԹǵ̡
İɣûɣ˵ҰͣһζʲôζȻĿתĿС㣬š
ˣرóԡ
㣬ԣܺóԵģҪԡ
ó𣿺óǲǺһóԣ
һȺСΧС˵Ż·ԼԵǻҪ˿ġ뿴С㣬׺ݵ۾˺ö࣬С̧š
𡣡С΢΢ЦЦ˵ҳԹģóԵˡ

90 

Ϊѩ۾̫, ֻΪԭ, Сڳ֮, ͻȥˡ
ѩݳƷ, ǲǲԼֵġ
ˡ
ǾɸեƳɵľǡ
ƽ, ζʣ򡢲ʪ̵ֹȡⶾѾơ񣻿ʹƢйкԡڸԼ괯±жʪȲ֢, ־ãǸǳʳ
ΪϵԴ࣬ԣӦϸûʲôԴС峤׵ӣûӣʹõ֮ǰǸռָ
ʱջռָģʱСһһʼͱõ, Ű峤ϡ
ϵ, Ȼһʹ಻, ʱ峤׻ǰѿռָ
Сõռָ֮, ȥλϵͳѰҸˡ
˵ģȻûҵ, ҵ˸ᡣ
ãҪÿռָԼֲֲ, 𣿡Сûԥ, ֱӾ˽
ϢܿʾѶ
, ҿϢ, Եģϣ´λлԷ֮ǰˣС˺ܿͬˡ
ȻҪǣλƷϵͳϲũûп˹˵һƷˣȲϡ棬ֲҪ
ܺõģԷڵƻԭǣһԵĶûУȻ˹һƷģϾԵģЩЧҩȻǸġ
ߵĽ׺ܿˡ
һô͵Сϵͳռ棬ΪϹ˿ˣԷһٸᡣ
Сڵ˸֮󣬾ʳȥ
ʱʳû˵ģǸɻʱ䣬ÿ˶æԼ顣
СѸгС֮󣬷˴ʯ棬Էʱ򣬴Ҿͻῴˡ
һٸῴȥܶ࣬ʵÿ˳ԵģҲһСڣôûеģǳζǿԵġ
Сźø֮ȥˡ
ʱһ󲨴ССѩƲɵ̬˲䣬ʳá
ų嵽ʳãǾŵһζ
Ǽɧһ£ȻѸٵҵζԴһʯ
ˣеģһһԼáСʯʾŶӹװ㡣
һӵģеĻصŶӵλϣȴɻǱ߿ȥġ
ǸźɫƤĶʲô
ɢζûҧһڰ
ϻСϻһŶӣһ߳ʯĸš
ǸǸᣬԹȥһˡС˵
á
ڶǰͷİ۾Լ˹ȥ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼעϡ
ڵڶ㣬Ҳ̲סǱš
ѡһ£ѡϲһߡ
ΪһսʿǺܺõģһ׵Ĳ࣬Ҳó
ϲĸ󣬾Ȳһ¡
ģ
óԣ
Ҫһ
ϵıۿɼģ
һ¸ᣬȻҧһڣ˫ƽʱЩ׵ĻۣҸģ
Ǹһ֮󣬲ˣҪ³ġС˵
ţ
û쵽Ļصĵһͷ
Ҳͷˡ
ȻһͷһͰѸ̽ȥˡ
С㣺
ûԵĴϻСϻǣ
ʱҲȥøˡ
һֱȰ׻صı飬ѡһ£ȻϲǸ
ŵ֣Ȳһ£Ȼһ˫۾ʱˡ
᲻ܷ̫õģõҪԣȻᷢùģù˾ͳԲˡСϽ˵
Ϊ˷ֹϻСϻ᲻óԣѸ󻹲ػˡ
ⲢС̫ˣϻĻôġ
ʲô㻵ˣҲһ̼ԣʲôҪǷ̫ãù˻ԣǻ̫ˣС뿴
ϻǶȥǱѡԼϲĸᡣ
ûѡĻҲĿš
ôǲǺܺóԣһѩսʿ̲סʴ
ŵˣǺζеǰŵǡ
ûԵһսʿ˵϶ǡ
㣬˵ˣǲܳԵġҪҰɡ

һ֮еϻ쵽Լĸ顣
еϻϳԵģȽõģҲʼõʱССҧһڡ
󲿷ֵϻҲһȻһҸĳ㡣
ȫ֮󣬴ϻСϻǶһ
߿ȥһŴϻǱ߿ȥһСϻ
ǻŻǵԼĸ飬еҧš
΢ĴţʳԱߵһȺë׵Ļë

91 򹤰

ݵʱ, С˳ѸҲˡ
ѩսʿű֤, һѸֺõġ
СǶˢˢ໽, ʾҲæġ
Ϊ»Ҫʱʵ, ֪̫ûɽ֮ǰ, ѩսʿ͹Ҫˡ
ȻֻսʿôصĹѹ, ܹѩսʿѾܺˡ
СֱӰѸ綼ǡ
ֲҪҪǳ֡СֲͬʱʩʵȾʹĶߡ
ڷεºȥӲ֮飬ڿصʱѩսʿǾѾˡ
սʿվϣսصһţʲô㶨ˡ
ΪС㽻µĳûɾĻ, ͺװǵʳԵ, Ը𿪻ĵصսʿһرӵ, ϸϸİĵظսֱӷһ, ظҲû©ȫŪһ顣
ʳǶ, Ҳرģ˭Ե, ͺ˭ƴһƴ
Դǰ˸֮, ȫѩǶԸ쳣, ڲַȻҲǲġ
ѩսʿ, ŴĸᣬŰӻźˮ
ѾճѩҲ˹ֻҪһ뵽֮ǰ𣬾Ҹ۾̲סЦ
ܻε̰æѸֵϲ£ϲ⣬ˮֺ͹ҪȽϸߣǰǹʱ򣬶Ѿϸϸʹˣضÿֻﶼ
ữε߼Щţû֣ǲܰѸֵȥġ
ͻȻһֻ۾һѸٵܵ֣ǻڿ
ۼһ̴ֻͷˣǿһĻҲ׷۾ˡ
ʵСҲԼİ취СĵİѸһһ𵽿ӱߣźãȻȥȥ𡭡
ԺԼиˣġһֻСҸ˵
ˣôܾ֪Ըأ˵ǿǵģʱǾкöˡ˵ѩһβͲͣҡţȥرĸˡ
ԺǾǳԵˣ̶ûǶࡣԱ߰ѸֵĻݣ۾гһߡ
ǰǰԺǲÿ˶ǳԣҸĻˣһ˵
ʱҪԺܶܶǡ
ҲҪ
ģһܹõܶǡ
СҲæµţҪǿǵԲԣĳ֮ǲɵЦ
Ϧͣؽڰ֮С
ڴ󲿷ѩսʿæµһ죬׼ȥϢʱ򣬻Сѩæš
ɫˡ
ѩıԵһȺؾĳڲݴ
̫ˣͳһߴģ·Σշɢˣٴμ֮󣬾ֻʣЩؾˡ
ãô˵͵ɵѩˡ
ȻѩرΣգѩأѾʵûа취ˣؾѾûл·ˡ
ѩôЩؾһ㣬͵͵ţԲȥѩġ
ˣ˾ͳȥˣǿҸطԲѩ˷֣һǸȥġ
ΪǶڵʱ߼СĿܣѸٵָҪǶ
ѩصħޣһСˣǾҪȫˣڹ֮ǰڵĳϾ͸ǹ滮ˣһҪ㵽ѩظͲõıħǳԵˣҲ̫̫ܿˣǾͻᱻصġ
磬ؾѾ˺ˣԳȥǾԲܳȥġ
ɫأСֿٵָǡ
ؾѸٴԭصĵطվҿٵİǴڹĺۼĨƽҪÿһŲݶԭ
Ⱥؾ棬ֻؾ¶ǶСƽֻĳ߸ߣ۹ȥֻʮǵıӡ˫պͶ俴ȥͦģ֮⣬ؾ˫ϸָɡ
ˣЩˡ
ѾõѲ߶Ѹ˳ץһֻһֻ
ܰѩˣ
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ʮֻؾֻ޴ĵţͼѩսʿߣһֻһֻҪȫ˾ͺá
ѩսʿʹǳץսҲǲģ͸Ӳ˵ץЩܵرĵؾˡ
ôµģһȺʮֻؾѾȫץסˡ
ͷİ׽ӹսʿӣЩؾַһһİסȻӻ֣սʿǴһĵؾȥˡ
ҪǰǾԲЩؾزģھǿѹ֮һֻһֻһֻؾܹܵġ
ץס˵ؾһܸˡ˵
ǰǰǹʱ򣬾ͱǷˣΪȵȣءһѩսʿź˵
ؾЩˣȫɪɪ
ЩѩҪʲô
еѩǾԲūģԲһʳġ
ʱ¼ˣǲǵʲôʱڣȻѾԵؾˣ
Ͼ˶֪ѩûʲôʳģӵľħˡ
ħǶײ˵ƻǿҪǻܳԣЩϣѩ廻ĶҲԲ
Ŷˣǻѩѩô࣬벻ȱٳԵġ
ȱٸƨŶ
ԽԽ£ѩǶʳҲͱЩȫûԵĵؾһ㣬뻹ܿסӣǳڲԵõģҲǻѩġ
ôǲıϻȥҪ˳Եؾ
ôģֹһˣؾҲǣʱѾøˣһѩսʿͷǲв
ҪвĻǾͲܴȥˣ˭֪᲻鷳
Ϊѩսʿ̫ɷˣڴȷĵؾһŶķȶС˺ܶࡣ
Ҳ¶ԷΪԼвȻھɱ˰
׿Щؾһۣ˵û£ŵġ
ܿģһؾͱ峤׵ӣԼ׼ϢС㶼ˡ
ʱ䣬鶼С㰲ŵģսʿʶģͰ˸ˡ
峤·ϵʱʹˣĿǰЩˡսʿ˵
š峤Ӧһ֮תͷĬĿС㡣
СҲû峤Ŀ⣬ǰһͨʣֱӾʵЩؾжٲƲ³ˣؾȷʵҲûжٲƲ
ǻʹһЩƲԼһ·ץĳӳ䵱ʳ
С㿴һǴĶˣؾǲɪɪȴá
Щؾûʲô⣬Ͽ˰߸ɻɣС峤
ţ㰲žͺá
ǰȥϿ˹ˣȥɻճսʿϽѷӸŪãŪķӣԺ䵱áС㳯սʿ˵
Ȼɲôöǰ׵ϻǺܻ˵ģ˸ͷͽȥˡ
ؾϤ֮󣬶ʱͼѣһ˫۾ϿˣϿˣǵؾϿ˳
أ׶ѩ岿䣬ͬΪؾĳϣ̫ˡ
ؾԼҳϵ֮Ҳһɧۿɼķһ㣬ǲڴĳ濴š

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û, ؾϿ˾ͱˡ
Դѩ֮, Ҫʵ̫, ÿλصԼңˡ
ʱѾ, ͱѩսʿ׸ˡ
˵֮Ͽ˾ˡ
һȺؾϿ˵ĳ֣, ؾؾ
ܿ, ڵĵؾˡ
ؾô׳أ
Щݵĵؾǿ˲һ㰡
°Բһ㣬֫׳ʵһ, ؾ˿ѵģ֪˻ΪͲǵؾ, ǸȤζħʦġ
׳ĵؾϡ
һ, µؾǵͱζˡ
ллˡϿڿ˵ؾ˺ڳѩ˵
û, ȥɣ˵, Щһֵ, ȥ, , ǱסŰ, ȥŪ˵
úú, һǵġ
ϿʱģȻؾʮؾᣬûϵģֻҪһͺãǰ滷öˡ
ϿΪؾĳϣǻеģѾˣѩôãһҪúõıסȣֻΪǴ򹤣ѩԺ벻ؾ
Ǹɵö࣬Ե٣ҲûбǵؾõˣϿڸѩ󣬾ʹˡ
һ·ϣؾǰģ˵
ǵҪúõ°ѩϲµĵؾǶܺõġϿ˵
õģǻúµġ
֪ϿһǱѩвˣӦúܿ죬ʾԼǰؼܻµĵؾ
ȻҪǱѩвҲвɳһ׳Ƿǳġ
ǸӵĿ⣬ؾЩ˵úøɻɻ˾зԣãÿ춼ԣˣû͵ѩҪǮġ
ûУûУǲŸոյѩأͱѩѲ߶Ӹץסˡæҡͷ˵
Ͽһοãǵʱʱѩæأ͵һѩһ°׹
⻰һѩûԵԼٶԱһԲѵϿ˳ϡ
Ҳ֪Լòð
úøɻʱ԰סģѩ峤˵ˣԺܶĻйˣ˹ʾͿˣסᣬԺ˷ӲԼġ
Ͽ˱߱˵ȻܺϿ˳ϵʲôôãĵ׻һ¾ãϿѾѩĥˡ
Եؾܹ԰סѾǺܺõˣһǳ⣬ȷǷеؾɻģûаԣֻżõʱ˲ҪĶԣǶǾԲġ
ڷʲôģǾϿ˵Ļˡ
ڵؾǻ·ţǲ˵Ͽ˷ˡ
Ȼ
ҪǣҪǷ˵ĻϿ˳
ǡǱ֤еĵؾǷؾ
룬һ·ϣؾǶսľţʲôʱӺڰ˳һֻѩ壬Ǹˡ
һֱ˺ܾ֮ǲŽİƺûѩ
ΧܰѩǶԼ˯
˵ǵƯؾȥܶطûмôƯķӵġ
żһֻ۵·ߺ˯Ĵ׻ʼؾǼʱ򣬻һǵǷֻ֣ѩȫûѹ˼ֵŽż첽ȥ
ؾסĵطѩصıԵ൱һʱŵġ
ȵ֮󣬵ؾǾˣôõķǸؾס
½½˽ȥӲ󣬵Ƕڴʲô˯ʮֻؾǿԵģϾǵĸͷûж
ð
һؾСĲŵ
ؾҲǰӸסˣдӣӣǴûмרŸؾסĵطôõġ
ǰؾǱȥɻˣҹʱҪôϳӣҪôǺ˵һ˯ڲġ
Ǵ½õеĵؾ룬Լһ죬ܹס氡
еϿ˳ϵĻˡһؾ¶˫۷Ź˵
ûסôõӣؾĵòˡ
ܺõģÿ춼ܳԱӣѩ岻ǣҲǣֻҪúøɻͺˡһĵؾҸòˡ
ǰǾ֪ˣǺѩԵһģҪŬɻһֻؾǡ
ؾһԼҲ֪ģʷʼǾڴ½϶ܵģʺϰңǵؾӰ
ǵؾƤ̣İСֽ̰ƻоõ壬ʵ󲿷ֵؾڱֻŻȥѣģǻøһ㡣
ֻҪÿ춼ԣܳԵ飬ĵؾġ
Ҫ˵ЩؾѩŰ˰ɣֲ񣬳˵ر佱֮⣬ʲôҪסģҲûʲôؾ֢״ŶԣȻ֪ûгԵģȷʵסŵģҵؾϿȷʵǱúܺá
ǿ׳Աʳ壬Ǳľòȫ˵ǹúܺá
ڶ죬ؾǾͱȥˣ˶Ǻģ
ڵֵʱÿֻĵؾˡ
ǳԾǣԷʱ򣬳ԵľȻĶ⣡
ޣǷģһӶҪ뿪ѩˣ˭뿪ѩ壬Ǿͺ˭ƴˡ
ѩĵؾѩĵؾʬ
һߡ
ûѩڣð뿪ѩ֮󣬾͡С鷳ϵġ
õģ˺ڰħޡ
ȫŵĳԱʱˣǵĿɽ£ǱиӰ¶˳һƣ˵ĿرײС
ųɫ΢䣬˵鷳ˣǸ߼ڰħޡ
ħ̰Ŀߣƺڿζʳζʳð˵ħǲƸħ˵ðҲʳ
սһ˲ˡ
ųз࣬ȴսپ
󲿷ħ޶õģϵħʦҲһħ޲޷ûѶԸ
ϵֻˡ
ų˫ֻצֱӹ˹ȥغֱ֮ӻ͡
ħ޵ĹҲ׺쳣Ųĵͱˡ
ħʦϵı΢΢һ䣬æ˵Ⱥһûע⣬ܹȥһˡ
˻سԱ֮ħ޾ͲΪĿˣתѰˡ
ҲûиĻᣬṆ̀սеģֱӾͱ仯ܳȥˡ
һս˺ܾãħ޷ŭУˡ
ˣϢһų˵
ǣų
սĸսϢĳԱڸϢţΪ˰ȫħʦų̽͵ħȷϰȫˣŸϢ
ΪʱʵǲˣԴֱӾ
ѩζʳﲻһǳԵľǿ⣬رɵ֣ΰ͡
ʳںܾǰǻǺϲģٴûоѳԻʲô֮ǰѩʳ֮Ѿе޷춼ǳˡ
Ҫѩ廹ͺˣûһ㡣һսʿ˵
Ҳǣħǣ˵Ǹ㣬Ǻó԰ҴûгԹôζʳлϵħĸо
Ҳԡħʦ˵ţתͷ˾ųʵǻȥʱȥһΰɣ
һ˵۾ˣ׷ڴĿžų
ųˮĶһ٣Ȼ뵽ζʳʶһ£ȻµĳӦš
˵ԱˣԼǺϲѩģЩһԶʱҲǰڣûжԵġ
Ҿ͸˵ˣЩζ㣬֪ж໳ѩˡ

93 մ

ʱ, ʳĳԱѾڷַʳˡ
˵, ʳ, ǲӦģڳô֮, ʵǾЩʣһζûС
ħʦѡ˸ǰϲ֮󣬾Ͱŵ, ԽԽǾ޿
, ҧһ㶼óԡ
ԽħʦԽǻʱѩԵ㣬Ƭ, ˬۣԹóԵʳˡ
ųҧһڿ, ƽʱһֻʳ, ȻҲô׳ģ
ȴôԶζȫǻˬڵ, ζ㴼ġ
޾ɣһûһĳſ, ͬѩ㡣
Ϣ, һɵѹ
ʱ, ˮ
ǹǱ˽, Ա˵˴֮, ̲ס˵´׼ʳʱ, ŪóԵ㡣

׼ʳʵЩʣҪʵڲеĻҽ飬´λֱӹѩʳɡ
ôܣѵ׼ĿôϿζЩǱðſģζʳˣ
ðŵԱ˵껰Ǳ߾һ㲻ڿЦİɡһ㶼ŵı顣
˵ûǺѩѷɫ˲٣ԱǶϣΣҿ·;УԵõģѩ㣬ȫ½óԵˡûԺãԱҲһӵĻȻ̲ס˵ˣֱ֮󣬶Էһ±ơ
ðĹԱԱߵĹܼңûɣð߾Ȼ׼ĳԵĲóԣѩ׼ĶóԣЦɣ
ǵģһڱԹ飬½˭֪ѩϲľѩˣһ굽ͷͳûпʳõ㡣
ܼҹ˵ùӵɫ˲١
ĵ˾ˣǺи֣Ҳı䲻˵ͼ֡
ԼڼҵϢɣǵÿŵ㣬ɲЩðŵҪˣ췢ôЦ飬ҪúõĺһЦЦѩ壬Ҳڻеãٹһ꣬ڲڻǸ⣬ȻʲôóԵģٺóԣߵĺó𣿡
ǵģүĵĳȥɡ
ĹһĲмϵĶ˹ܼ֮󣬾ͳȥˣʼգܼҶһĹ
Сȫ֪ðǱ߷ʲô飬ڰ֮ǰɵȥա
մɵĸմɵзǳҪĹ֮һմɲƷȱкܴ󲿷ﲻġ
СڶԴһ飬Ƿǳӵġ
ҤĹؼճ¶һΪ˰ٵһǧȡƽ϶ѷŲݣϵƣַڻдﲻһ¶ȣʹƷʵ͡
Сȫ⣬ԼǻϵħʦҪʲô¶Ⱦʲô¶ȣһӰ춼ûС
Сȫպ֮󣬾ջ˶ʮ룬Լʮư
Сһ£û֮󣬾Ͱ͵ʳá
ʱѩĴϻСϻǶ쵽Լʳڷܿš
໡
һѩС̽һˡ
ѩС½½ĻӦš
໡
Ǹ˵ѩСֵĿţ֮Ѹӣ˦βܵСߡ
㣬ʲôʵ
ѩ۾棬Ǻ棬˸᲻þܾ
Сͷ˵룬ԺǲҪʯˡ
ѩצȻܺãʯ̫ˣʲô״ĶУڵҲ̫ƽ
˵ϴʱ򲻺ϴõʱҲǶõģΨһĺôǽʵˡ
ѩ⻰кĹâˣʱҲΧ˹Ŀš
ȥҴûǸǳԷ𣿡һѩСʵ
ӦǸСõģû֣ǵģġָЩС˵
ѾǸữεˣЩữεһ㶼һ
໡
ữεС⻰ҪˣǾǣ˵ưҲǵģûֿá

ӣữεС̣ʵĸܵ˵顣
һֻֻģŶ䣬޾ɵ˦β͡
໣ǻ᳤ġ
໣ţԺҲʹưģ
ʲô
սʿǵǱȽϺõģʱСϵ룬Ķ࿴˼۲
峤ױڿţñȽڱ˿ʱ򣬲Ÿոտʼԣʱ̧ͷһ
໣

ֶǰģѩԻ͵ʱӵйһʱѾûжˣΪʳʣµĴˡ
û뵽Ȼܹڲ￴
һ˲䣬峤׾ͷɱСǰ֣İѸողŷŵϵĴ
̬ȣٲȻҪõġ
ȵȣ峤ǿԴġСϽֹ
ѾʯˣЩĻҪŴһʯ롣
峤СĵĻӿС֣˵ԺˣٸãЩ̫ƯǰȥĻҪƯ㶮ģ㡣
Ҳ붮
СЩ²۵Ҥֻ֮Ҫͻˣͷ°ɡ
峤УҤսʿȥһҪŪöġ
аɡ
һ峤׵̬Ⱦ֪ˣϻǺֵǮġ
Ȼ̬ȣĳַ˵峤ֻԹĶȤ
ѩսʿҲΪ峤̬ˣȻҲǺ˽峤Ϊ˵ģɵö࿴ǸմɵĶ
Ϊһѩ壬ǲ˵ûʶģȷʵûмġ
峤׹ڵĶҲܻӭĴģϾڵѩûЩģ֮ǰɣһڳԵûжѾˡ
峤˫ԲĿۻеĴҲųˣȰѶ
Сûа취ֻȥսʿȥŪҤˡ
ǰҤҪкѨʽҤѨʽҤ֡
ѨʽҤϵͣɻڡšҤҺҤɣҤҳԲΣҤ룬ףɻŽĻ棬ͻ׵Ҥҡ
ѨҤҤڻ֮ϣǿС״Ĵ״ӣжɴֱĻͨҤҡ
ֶǲģСѡһսʿǿʼˡ
˵磬СҲǷģÿ춼æűǿûʳȥȥ˵ģûǮȥ˵ģħսǱǿ
ʵ̫ˣоũ̻ûС
ѩжٶǺܿģĵؾѩ֮Ҥһ֮ھˡ
ѩսʿȥŪ
СҤѡַճĸȡĻǺܷġ
С㲻ˣưҪˮӡչˮ׵Ʒ
֮ǰѩ嶼ҶӷʳģַʽڿһĶǿԵģˮ͵ĲͲˣӵĴǺбҪġ
㣬峤˵׬ǮҪŪģȻȥһѩսʿһ¨ڵ˵
ǰǰʱǾ׬ܶˡˮ׵ѩսʿ˵
̫ˣǸմ룬һǵһμأû뵽ǡ

94 ܼһ

˵, ˮҪ, ԺÿӶҪˮ׵, ˭ڿˣҲðҹȥˮ϶ѩսʿ, ˵˵š
С㣬˵ˣȥˮ, Ҫտġľ˵
֪ˣ֪, ⲻ𣿶ˣҪˮˮţˮ̫, ôСǵؾúá
ѩսʿǶմɵҲǺܸߵġ
мɵ, մɲ̫ѵ, ȻҪࡣ
ھһ֮, ·ӵսʿͲܻε̿ȥϢѩսʿܹεѩ̡¾ɵؾ, ͨͨ˹, 㷱صļӰࡣ
ǵ, СѾʼɥĲĿ˼Ӱƶ, Ӱ˶жҹԵġ
ҹúС, ɺܷ, ֻҪ򵥵Ĵ֮СûϵħһԾܹһ
򵥣¡
·ӵÿλزˣҲӰ࣬֫ʵˣֻܵͷȥ˯
ữεС̱ͲأȻ۵ûӰˣǲǶô۲˵ɣҲû취һǰˣֻһ˫۾ĿżӰ˳ҹ
ڽȫŬ£һĹư軹ǺܶģʣµģǷɺˡ
СҲû͵һ棬ÿһġ
Ȼ峤ҪЩȥôƷֵԽȻԽģŪģõľԼãõľŪ·ŵ
СĲ࣬ڶ峤׾͹Լ͹ɹˣʱûзȫƲ˵ġ
ҪĿģԼصǹ۲Ķûб͵ߣԼСһڲڡ
ڿ֮峤ģѲ߶ӣҪעߵ
İɣ峤һúÿġѲ߶Ӷӳ˵
Ѳ߶ģÿսʿҪμӣԲʲô鲻Ѳ߶ӡ
ҪӻǶҪƴӮ˵
ţúøɣԺĻ峤˵
峤ȻǺ˽Լսʿģص㿴ߣǾͲܹ͵ߡ
峤İɣһиġѲ߶Ӷӳɫ˵
˵ͷš
Ҫ£ϲŻص߼Ӱġ
Ǹܼһ˵ҪѿݾƵ붼մ룬Ҫÿ䶼մˮˮֻҪһ룬;껢еۡ
Ψһܹʹİ취ǣǶִ
ȫŬСʱ򣬲ʷＦҲǺܸģһֱŬµ̡
;ˣȻУ̫࣬С峤鲻ʱýȥʷＦõ顣
ϵģ峤׸ûô˼ͬⲦʽˡ
γȥɹĶֻˣһΪŵĲʷＦò̫࣬Ϊѩս˵Ҳûʲô˸ҽٳ֡
ȿȣ˵䲻ģһѩ⣬Ҳٻٵġ
ҪǴѩرٵ壬ʮֵĻѩսʿǲսߣرƴûɹãЩһҲŪǣҪǴٳɹˣôӭǵľһȺѩսʿˣҪʲôͲ˵ˡ
ѩսʿǳ֮СȥתһȦĳƻǲģǼʸƷ֣ÿ컹úá
߲£󲿷ѾˣֻһСֻڴ
ڵ˴ͷҪǲͷӡ·ǱˣȻ˷滹ͦŵģʮؾ֮֮ǰöˡ
Ҳ֪ǲ±ѩأĵؾɻʱرһûעûˡ
¨ιʷＦá·޷ӡֵءմɣѾܶˣС㻹Ǿò
ûˮܵãû䣬ůûУȻСû޽ӵʱѾ׼ˣճʲôûУ˵䣬˵ǻûʹõ䡣
Ժ˶ˣһҪѵؾЩͶרȥо
ҲˣͰɡ
ܿģķɾͺˣ⼸ҶںŬţСսʿǰŵҤ֮󣬾ֱӷų˻ϵħ
òգħǸģҪʲô¶ȶУȻҪΪĿǰʵû˿ȥȼõĸ֦
ȵһմɴҤ󣬳С֮⣬˶ˡ
𣿡һѩսʿе㲻ʵ
̫ˡϿ۾̲ס˵
ţܺá峤˵ţϵĶȴǲģѸٰСһĸΪֲãк˼սʿȥæ
죬Щȥҵķ䡣峤ָӵ
ǣ峤սʿæӦһͬٵĶÿմɶˡ
С㣺
ؾǣ
ѩսʿǣ
ò˵峤׵Ķʵ̫ˡ
ӣСڵһʱţȻÿһ
Сϰ֮Ҳνˡ
ڵѾ׶ˣ峤˵ģ˸һͥС뵽ߵغܴ˳ԼҪ˸Ժӡ
ȻڻûпգǵԺпˣԺһùԼСˮǾޱƵĻʱٸԼŪһҡηԺ棬ŷ翴ҲǺܲġ
ӵÿһ춼СԼƵģưָԼŪһףɰɫˮʲôҲպˣÿһرƯ
ȻЩûؼԼŪȻֱճģ峤׸Ͳ֪ǵĴڡ
˴Ĵ֮峤׾òľӢսʿӳȥˣǵҪһһѰѩˣҵĶ
սʿǳһ죬ǵԸ˺ܶ࣬¶ľˡ
ǺܶǱŵ̶֮󣬾Ҳûм˫׻ġսʿǳȥѰˣⲻɵЩڴ
Щƽ￴ȥ϶ǿģǴ˿̴ǻãһֻֻСվڲſڣ̧ʪȫڴ
ûл֪ǵĸĸǻڲڡ
̶ֱӵĻǳȥֱ֮Ƕȥ֮ЩСǲתͷȥ¡
ΪؾǵĵԼ֮ѩܻ׼Сû״
죬ס˿ҪѲ߶ӡ
㣬Ҫȥͷ˵
ǰȥܲҵõĶС˵
ðɣ㲻뿪ǵߣ֪𣿡㡶СİݶȻǱȽϴģϾôˣС㻹Ǻܷĵġ
İɣ֪ġ
ڹ֮ͨѲ߶ӾʹСˣΪ̺ܴһεٶȸ죬ԴҶûθ·ġ
ܺõģСųûãͿһƬĺɻء
һɻͦڳ̬߽࣬ɢһɹ㣬һɳؾ͸ÿˣԵġ
㡣ͣ£ȥǱ߿С˵
ͣס˽Ųȥʲô
һûźԳԵġСͷҲصǱȥ
㡺Ѳ߶ӵսʿһԵģ۾ˣѾҲǱȥֻǿܾˣû뵽ܳԡ
໣쿴ҡڵĶʳ

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˭ȥ, ûкֵܴĸ
СĻû, ͼһѩսʿȥ
û, ͸ˮ棬һĶ, Ϊʵ̫̫ˣѣѩսʿ
û, ˾ͰĶˣСϴɾһ֮, ûע⣬ֱӶλռ
ֲƣǱֲԴֲ֮һ, ֲɲʳҲҩá
źʳʳҩüֵ൱, Ƴɷʳֹк, θȣ̲, ԤڳѪ̲䡣ڻḻάC, , дٽ³´лֹƤֲڵЧ
Сڿ֮, ˵ǿԳԵ, ǰǸȥɣ
, ·ߵҰ, Ȼܳԣ
Ҳǣûֻˮȥʳġ
Ͻ˵ȥȥ
һƬǺܴģǰ·Ҳ·ˣ񿴵ôԵģȻǲŹģһ·Χ󣬵ָһսʿ˵ȥˣ㡣
áǸսʿӦһ֮󣬾ͱ˻Ѹܡ
սʿǴˮϳźرر𳤣һŰһ׳ź˳
ϳһ֮սʿȥŪˡ
Ҳˮ£кܶźͲҪȥѰңֻҪһץһϳźˡ
ǵĴ³Сæ˵˺ҶʱǰѺҶҲȥ
ʲô㡴󾪣ʵҶҲܳ𣿡
ҶҩġС˵
ҩ
ҶһζҩģҪƢʣȥ̵ʪС˵꣬ӭ㡸Ӳ˼Ŀ⣬˵ʲõģ죬ͱɻˡ
С㿴ǵǵĿ⣬̲סЦ֪˵ģҪװҪĸãҵģȥҲ϶ֳɵģѲʲô顣
СһҪȥģͲپˣһתͿʼٵĴˡ
ûãǰȥѩսʿҲ˶ʮˡ
սʿû˵ʲô׷ˮѧ¡
ö೤ʱ䣬߾ͶѻСɽһĺźˣȻҶҲǲٵģ˳顣
ΪƬʵ̫ˣŬİ죬Ҳ˶һСƬҾȰźϴɾȥ
ϵĴգֱӾòոˡ
峤׹úܿ죬κֻҪйʳ飬ͲӰʹսʿǲŻҲһ㶼ȥǱ˽
кܶɻСûĻһƬ֮ǰ·ȥҰˮкܶԵģź
˵֮ǰ飬峤붼û룬˵ԺѲ߶ӵ˶עһ£Ǳ߾ǵĺɻֲˡ
ǣ峤˵
ʵ峤˵ҲдһƬȦ˵ġ
뵽ɵֻںңں޵Ҫ缸ͰȥߣǲǾǰ˺ɻأҵǽ컹һ£˳ȥȻҲֲôʳ
˺ɻֲǽʳǳײõˡ
¶ܸˣսʿǴЩźͱữεǽӹȥȥϴˣȻֹ̣ôźսʿҲиȥϴ
СõĶǸɾѾϴ˵źҩʳã̲ģѩСô궼ڳȷʵҪúõĵһˡ
飬ѾڴˣСûʲô뷨ֻЩʳã˵ʳãʵиŵӶѣ滹͸ġ
չˮ֮СͿʼˣҪźҼ
ѲʷＦϴնС飬Ƭ̣ٹˮСֿʼźпˡ
ǳļ򵥣ֻҪвһչһ԰ˮ㣬տתСңСʱãȥͼμʳ!
ʱ䣬ǳԵĶ⣬ϳŵʱС峤ǱһγʱĲʷＦǰ峤᲻óԵģҪ죬ȱʳˣ峤ҲͲôˡ
СѲʷＦˣһԶյɽȥ
Ϊˣ峤׷ǳռʳǮҪʱб޻ţҲˡ
Ϊ˶˵ĹϵСһʮչȻǹģҪ⣬ȻٶѩսʿԼʮؾǲԵġ
ջڼ䣬СҲû˷ʱģһյչ׼Ҷҡ
ĺҶûдũҩֱɺҶҾͺˡ
ûϵħʵĺҶŪɸɺҶȻ׼ʼҶҵİ취ʵܼ򵥡
ȡɺҶôڣϸһھСԲֽӴụֽ̂ʽɫͣ𣬴ȡ۲ƵĺҶΪƺΪɹ
һŻڲȼš
ĹúãպҶҵĹҲˣƮźҶ㡣
Ǻˡ
СûаֽԾͼ򻯹̣õĳɹϵͳʾɹġ
ʱһȺѾƲɵ̬ʳˣÿοҪԷʱʱǶرĸˣ㡣
Сע⵽ϴȫôˣΪ˺ĺء
죬ŵʷＦζˣ໣ʵ̫ˡһѩսʿʯе
к㣬ѽĺϻصĲһ̫ˡ˫۷ѩսʿһڴĿС㡣
໣㣬㰡
໰Ҫԡ
һȺϻСϻ˫۾ĿС㣬ĿٲȻڴߴˡ
ţ˵һȺʵĻˣﻹҩζΪǳԵģһⶼ˷Ǳߡ
ȻСҲûйڵеڴĿ⣬ֱӿʼװˡΪ˿㣬С㻹üսʿһæ
ÿһһ㣬װˡС˵Żʾһ¡
֪ˡսʿǵĶҲܿóĶˡ
Ȼܹſڹ棬ͣζװĻ͸ˡ
㰡Ҵûŵôζ
Ҳ»һһǽǸź
ζ̫ûĶˣǸҸĻ㲻㣿żѩսʿһĶ᲻óԣš
СҲɧģǵ֪ʷＦóԣȴ֪ʷＦζҪ㣬ҪأҪŨ
һֻữε̣ͣȫǿˮҪˣݺݵһ¿ˮţ㣬㰡
͸һ˫۷Ŀð̵Ĺ嶼Ҹҡš
кܶĲʷＦˣսʿȥˣԺиĲʷＦһֻһ¿Ҹ
ţ˵ҪģԭԺǾûвʷＦˣ̫ˣ˻㡣˵̿ĿˮҰûζͣ޲ھ˹ȥúõһʳ
ҽҪȥҪ˯ữεС˵
ҲҪҾˣԺҲǸͷˣǲʷＦΪѩ岿Ψһһӵйͷ̸˵
еԽԽˣҲ֪ǲǴСϻǶʶĿʼϵëһһ߿ĿŹʳ
ȻҲ̰ĵģԼϵë£Ҫ͵͵һ±˵ë
ôɵʱ򣬻΢΢۾һռ˵ӣȻûãǱ͵͵ëĻữεһѩ̣;Ĵҷ˾Ĺˡ
ѾữεջȥԴϽͷԼġ
㱻ִˡ
ҪǴܵʱȥͿ

96 սʿ

ŶӵѩԽԽ, ĵؾǶ쵽Լʳ
Ȼ, Ⲣ˵ѩżؾô, 츳Էʱ, ؾСȣôŬܣܲѩġ
Сûϵ˸װ֮, ҲʼԼװˡ
ʱеѩϻСϻǶͬʳһ, ڵĳʳһСĵؾҲŵĴˣڽ俪ĳʳ
һߡ
Ѿ˺ܶǮĲ, Сļ۸һֶٵİѽҶջˡ
ڼҲ˺̻, ʼʱմɸȫ˵, 㡲ãֻһ, ̻˼̬ȼҲ͸˽ˡ
ÿٵĶմɵ, ̫, Ҫ˵кܶմҲûе, Ʒ಻̫õ, װͲ, 㡴ôմɳ, ǴδģǮĲȻǲŹġ
ǿڻģֻҪû˻᲻ܵġ
ûʱ䣬ͰѴˡ
ȻЩҲҪջһǳðճУҵѩսʿ
Ӧ˵սʿˡ
ǵëʧȥɿݵ䣬Ͼʣ¹Ǽܺһëˣȫ¶ûм⣬Ҫǣֻûһֻġ
ΪӢսʿڿԼһִսʿʱᶼҪˡ
ǰǸܽСӣǸʱŸոճ꣬ҪȥģǸǽˣȫû뵽ڶûϢ֮ѾһβͣϹһֻ۾
ҵʱڱԵű˶Ѱʳ
Ǻһߵģڿ㡵ʱ˺ǰһģһЦݣǰ֫ûһ⿴ͺĹöһ
ʵϣ㡿ʱڵð߸һݻɡ
ߵʱЦ˵û˻ģһҲǺü꣬ټʱȻûˡ
Ǹʱʹģ˵󣬿ɥ֮Ȯһ㱻
ǶǺģǻزɡӵǣܿĵˣһûлӦ
ϵöصĽ㡣˵Ǵ֮ʡµǮǴȥɣǾͲȥˡ
ţͦõġ˵
Ѿϰˡͬ˼
ѩսʿǽĻ˻ȥûʲôˣܺ벿䣬ǲܻȥ
ⱻ˳ζ˹Ҳġ
ѩ壬Ǳ㡸ǿƴȥˡ
ʵʼǲԸߵģǽһڣǱ㡻ļսʿƷҲãҪߡ
㡰Ǵӵǰȫǽҡ
ȻûװһӾͼҵѩ壬𺳵ֱӴԭء
ٺǿߣһӵĽұˣҪŲŰģȻǻǾͬ廤͵֮뿪ġ
֪˼˵뷨Ҳû˵ʲôֻװûз֣һֱ˵Ųĺá
ǲкܶˣÿսʿһ䷿ӣһ˵Ļмͥ˵
𣿡ߵʱ򣬲仹ûʲôģӶˣһǰԼݣľã̫ˣͲúͱˣ
Ⱑǳʱ򣬲Ѿÿ춼ˣ̶Բ˲٣Ѿû׶˯ˣҪɻģڵĻ̫ˡһսʿ˵
һ֪ɣڲɺˣвʷＦֳֳһӵĺ㣬Ǻħǲ֪ǿɺóˣ˻Ҿ̲סˣûС
һڿˮѩսʿ˿ɫ˵໣ʱԷ˰
ѩսʿڴĿ㡣ǲԣҲ㡡
˵ˣϢһ£¼·ȥˣڲ·˵ԺҪõðճУǸʲôγеġ
ϦڴϣѲľȾ˻ɫ
㡿ٵİ˳ЩѾãֱӳԵˣҪζãһģ᲻չȫˡ
㡰ʳָǣѩսʿѾԹˣӹҧ
ǵһμʳһ£ȻССڵĳгһٲһ´γԵ˼
ԵǴ˺ܶ峤˵ˣѿ˶ȥһ˵š
Сǰ㡽̳ģ㡵ǵУĻ˵꣬ѩСǾʶִˡ
ǰеɸʱ򣬲ŻعԼѾˡ
Ǹζ̫óˡ
廹ʶһ֣ζš
кܶģشģһģȥǾܳԵϵħˣܺóԡ
㡰װСɵĴӵ˹ȥ˵һ㣬Ȼ˲ҲܳԻϵħġ˵ȥѩҪúõһܳǸ
㡵Ļ𾪲ѡ
һֱǶãЩģ񿴵ôʳôζʳﲻɵö΢΢ҡˡ
ѵĺܺ
˶һۣ񶼽ᶨˣ͡㲻ǣǻȥһҲðİĲ䣬ôˡ
ҹһûϢֱӾͱ˶ɻѩس
ǹ£ǿǰš
Сʱ򣬱һХѵġ
Ǹ·ɣڿϣһ㣬ûж룬Сͳȥˡ
ǸİСûǾ˵ѩˡ
ܵ棬ܵʱѩѾ˺ЩˣһЩӵȲֱӳķɱ˶ȥ
С㿴Ļȷʵˣֻ
ЩԽԽСı΢΢˶٣ֻм˺׾֪ʲô
Щˣǰʱʵ̫ˣͺһû뵽Ƕˡ
ͬҲôģԽǽӽ䣬ǾԽҿٶȾͽ
Ƿ֣սʿѾʱֻӲסˡ
ǡѾһˡ
֪ǻô
ȻϵǣǵѾȲİǴؼˡ
һȺϻΧֻĻš
Ҳˣû˵ʲôֱӾʹҵ峤ҵ峤֮ʶĿܣڿҲڵʱʶķ˺ܶࡣ
һ˴ȫȥˣһǧʮңԤƵһЩħƷִġ
˵Ժ˵ǣֻҵˡ
峤ĿһۣջĿ⣬ĿУٵĻһ˿ڣ˵˾ͺãԺڲɣȻȥϢѾпյķˣȥѡһϲĵط
ǡ˵꣬ѽҸ峤֮󣬾ܹȥ˵ˡ
֮峤׿С˵֪Ϊʲô𣿡
̫ˣҪǵʱٶͺˡǸʱǱȥµģʱ̻˵ֻҪŴһ¾ͺˣǩħԼڿӦ˲ǵˣá
峤׵ԽԽͳı鿴ȥѹˡ

97 è

ûµ, Ѿ, ǵˣҲԿ, ҪԺлĻ, ˵ǻ֫Ū, ȽҲ, ˵ء
С㿴峤ףᣬħһֱڷչ, ʵڲ, ץħʦָҪоˡ
ǳ峤, СĻ֮, ʱûôѹ, һȻͬġ
ǱǴ֮ˡ
ǵĲ
Ȼ֮ǰŵðճǻã
Ǳ߱߿Ųı仯һŵӡ
Ҹо, , ҲôõķӵΡ
Ҳ, ˵, , ȥѡһԼķӣ໣ߵʱûУʱзˣĿ𣿡л˵ţܾԴϢκˡ
Ǹոտ׳ԲϴߵʱǻôôСǸʱûгԵģ󻹶̣ڲ䡭ð˵۾΢΢Ứ
ǸʱеѾݵ߲·ˣˤӵʱ򣬵¾ûվ񿴵ǣǴˡ
Ժõġ˵
š
С㵽Ҳû߳ɣ峤˹ȥ
ΪشĶ棬Ʒ峤ȥûʲôҪġ
ΪСΨһħʦΪõĿԣֻΪʲô峤ڰѶСʱ򣬵û˵ʲôֻԺ󣬾ͽԼȥˡ
СԼѡħƷû˵ʱֱӾʹϵͳŽȥˡ
ǾԼڻСǰŶãȥõĶ
صǺܺãλϵͳĶȻ࣬ȴûжʺѩģҪôҪôûʲôãѡѡ֮Сһèӡ
˿ϵӺӪҺٿ˿ɫ԰ļѲսʿ˹
㣬ʲô𣿡һսʿʵ
ѹ㳡һ㣬ȻèɣҪСѹ㳡Ĺ滮˵˳ͦεսʿú棬Ȼȫˡ
İɡһսʿü۴Ц˵Ǻܿ͸Ūá
õġ
С˵ҲûߣߵԼ滮ֲشʼսʿһ
èºֻҪӪҺСʱ򣬾ͻѿرïʢ
Сսʿæ˼Сʱȫ֮Ѿˡ
ʱèɵҡҷţСܵһɷǳջģǳûɵġ
ԡ
èɣ
С͵ѣһ̧ͷȻͿ˸ոջӲʿ༡׳˿Ѿֻѩ׵Ĵϻһȵòеڵϴ֡
ڴְ
ֻѩ׵Ĵϻ۾Ҹҧèɣͬɶһ޷԰ΣǱֻ磬̧°۾ϸϸš
еèԱͬ׻һ㣬ɵĶʯϵһֻѾſմԣſãص۾֪Щʲôֻʲôû롣
Сֻһֻھ׽èɵϷ޷԰ΣһֻѾֻþˣʼ׻Ѿ׻Ķˣ
໣СһԼϣܾûˡ
èɶèƶ˵ûʲôҲ嵽ʮӾͻָˡ
СţúһЩͼָĿȥߴӲʿ׳ڻعɻΣ˼ȷˣҪ
СòõǣʱѾ˻˷ܵĽˡ
໣
໣
໡
໣
С̧ͷǱ߿ȥȻͼסլĻѾŵ˷ζ˳
ǺƺƵƣһʲôǰʲôĸо񲻿ɵ
ܿģողŪûõèɹ㳡Ѿ˴ϻСϻˣոջֻϻûճڱѾèò԰ˡ
ȫѩ׵ĴϻСϻе΢ĿֵĻþˣеѾˣʲôʲôˡ
ѣСֻƹԱĽų¶ƤСϻƹ׽ššؽŵġ׷ġ֮ƹ͵Ļ߳èɹ㳡
Ȼ֪èһ΢߻ùЧĲҩèƶЧԽСЧԽȫûŸոճõèɣͰȫĻˡ
СţͻȻͼһֻè
ǴèС㣬ͳèɹ㳡˷ܵצӰһèɷŵԼȻ󷢳ҸС
С㣺
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ʱ, Ѳ߶ӵĳԱҲ˽
ԴӲæ֮, Ѳ߶ӵĳԱҲˣô, ѩսʿԸһè, Ǻܷġ
ֻ˳ڻþĴè峤ô, Ϳһص峤ٲȻѾһֻҸֵķϻ, ͬè޷԰С
С̽ȹ
µͷ˿С㣬ʵŪģ
Ǹո׷ֻƻèû׷, Ϳһ, ֱֱľ塣
ȻŵûĶǵζʱҲǲҪ̲סġ
Ũҵζʵ̫û, û޲һӶ, һֱ롣
, èɣûʲôģżԷĵطС˵꣬ͼѲ߶ӵսʿҲ̲ס, ໵һɻ, һèȥˡ
Ȼ, ⲢǺǵ, ֻѲսʿûΣ, ̲סһȥֵġ
µϻèˣһǱߣźܶèɵĹ㳡ϣкܶϻСϻڷŶƤ֣
ʱ⻺ڴϣѩսʿѾܾûôˣõţȫĵͶ뵽ɵķΧ
¿ϻûѵĴèֱӾ˸ӣȻͬɻɫĺ֮С
ǣֳֻʣ»ѵС㣬ԼһֻѵĴè
èѹצӣèɵ۾Ŀ;
۾צӣ̬޲˵ţʵںҪèɣ
ŵõʵ̫ˣ
è޹֮󣬹ϵתͷС㣬˵ҳȥҾһڣһڣ
С㣺
Ҫèɵè˵ʲôΪʲôǲ䣿
ܱѲ߶սʿ׷ģͲǸè
һʣڴ̾ͳĬˡ
Щ㱵뵽죬뵽Լų
ڴ̣˵ѩ巢˺ܶ仯̫ŹˣһҪǲ谵ĵƹ£ųЩ壬֪شҶѾѩˡ
ڴ֪ЩˣԴĺҵ˳ȥ֮󣬾Ϳʼ˵ѩˣǸʱֻԼеҵ˳ȥô϶
ŶԼǰѩС̣ٿǱ߳ݵѩ壬۾һ˿⡣
Ǻǣֻˣ
ڴһ澭ս鱨ԱֻҪ֣ûʧܵʱųڹʱ˭Ҳû˵ֻһ̽
ЩѸѩսʿȫǱ߷裬ܹǰֻ޹ѩ̸㶨
˵ЩѩսʿָʱѾѩԶ߸߷ˡ
ڴֻҪһ뵽ǽ˷ܵòè
ΣСüжǿĿ佱һֻûʱˣ֪Ų䣬һܡ
ڴ̺ܴ֪ǰֻ̻϶ǲܳΪսʿģôڲ϶һֻԱĻ
ڴҶȿֺŲݵʱûзݣҹȥ
ʱֻҪ佱һֻ̻ʲô˵
ڴ̳һȦЩѩսʿûע⵽ߣģ佱С㣬˵Ҷûмôµ̻
𣿡
ǵģܺõġڴ̿϶ֱӾ͸ֻʽ佱佱ϵ¶һ޶һ㣬֮һ˵ǣûùһǧ飬ҲùһٱˣٽС쵽
ȺڴԼò֮˵ǲ仯ܴ󰡡
ǰҲôáС˵
ڴ̵ǸüĿƦ꣬Ȼȥܲ׵ӣʵرֻеĻè
ﶼԵÿ˵ԵֻһֻûСϻˡ
һֻû棬ʲô̻׻ǻһֵļ¶
ǲǰһֱסҼǵһ꣬񲻹סǻèţèѩõˡ
С⻰ЦЦ̧ͷһۣȻ۾һ䣬ЦˣҲôõġ
̻һĺЦĿԼڴ̵ĵЩ⣬һ㶼û̵ΣֿҪھܵ˷ܡ
۾ҪӳϢܣǼº涼˵ѩͶ˺ħʦأ̫ˡ
С㶢һü䣬ûе飬ѩŲͶħʦء
ǺͺħʦйϵҲǺħʦͶѩ塣
ڴС㷴΢Ц˵ҹȻûѩǺõġ
ǰѩõˡ
ѩô仯ô󰡣ڴʮ׼ʵ

99 ѱ

С㶢һ, ЦΪսʿǺ
ڴ̵־Цݽ̡
սʿǺȲ, ڴֱֻ׵ʳˣֻһֻСϻѡ
, 
Ҳ, Ҫҽɣڴ̼˵
С⻰˵ð
ѩսʿ, Ṵɶ, ֪ʲô״ȹ̵ģʲôأˣһûȥǵĿݾƵ, һֻҪһŶ, ҪԵģǻṩÿʳ
ڴ̿ǰԽ˵Խѩ̣ϵЦݱøˡ
Щʲô
ǰ, , ҪǮ, Ҫİ
ѩսʿΪʲôôǰ֪Ķһڴ̲סʵ
ôѵ֪𣿡Сʵ
ڴ̵ɫ΢΢죬û, ˵, ԺŻ
, ̫, Ժ㲻, ǲҪ˵ԼˣڴС㻳ɵĿ⣬ֶˣͨ죬ʵΪʲôô
ΪǺСһ޹Ŀźڴ̡
˵˵
սʿǿһˣÿ˶Ŷÿ춼ġСЦЦ˵
ӣڴ̺öѾˣ֪è廹ѩ壬ôģĲ˵һ̫ˡ
ѩ嶼è϶ҲӿԵġ
ӣڴѾѴѩ¸ȫ׵ԺˣʵҪ֪ѩôǿġ
СȻҲһھͲ˺ڴ̵ı仯ģЦЦʵҲ̫ģսʿڽȥġ
ڴ̵˵ͷѩսʿŽˣһֻʲôͲñĻᡣ
Ǻ棬̽˵ǻʲô
ܶడóԵʳסľƵ꣬ķԱС΢˵š
һСʱѩǼ̧ͷӹ㳡
ûʲôԭ򣬹ʱ䵽ˡ
󲿷սʿֱԼĹصģֻѲ߶ӵСߣ㣬ط̫ˣ̫ûˣҶܸˡ
С΢΢һЦ֪ߵʱ򣬿ϲѣʱʱľ͸һк
ʵֹѩ弤ţڴҲǼѵģһСʱ棬Լʲô֣ϵĻèαװǵˣʵһֻڵĺè
ڴȲСԼˡ
ԭǻסģǺԽԽ󣬿èǳζһֱڴ̼
ȫû뵽ԼѪֶΣ˵ɽ𺣣пĿ̣ȴѩصĲϡ
һèûˡ
ȻûˣҲ뵽صĹ㳡úõĴһӰѩӣһͺˣġ
뵽ڴ̾Ѳ߶ӵսʿǰ˵һֻèģֻǱ˸ƭˣеѩǸҲӦȡѩܣǷģԺҲôˡ
ڴΣһϿҵ˵ԸĻҿԴȥץǵģģһܲˡ
С㣺
Ѳ߶սʿ
ܻô˵˽龭սʿǣҲûһȥǵĹ㳡š
ôǰĻѩսʿǾһ¶ȥģ񡭡
Ǿ͸ˣѩߣǮ
ѩսʿĿƵĿ峤ס
峤ɫĵͷţʱˡ
ѩսʿõ϶󣬶ʱ۾һ͸˵׼Ѻڴ̸ȥ
ȵȣȵȣлҪ˵
ڴںСʱ򣬾һֻèˣ˵Щ߱ģǽһ࣬˵㣬پļһͲ˵ѩˡ
һ֪ѩǲԼͶˣܷ²Ͷϵģһ㶼ɱ
Լܹһ£
ڴæ˵֪ϴкܶҵģѣ϶ǮĸԱжǮҶ֪ģ֪ǰǮðѩ壬ӦǮģ
һĻ䣬ѩսʿ۾ˡ
峤׵۾ˡ
Сǹˡ
ڴ̵ڣ֪еΪСģһ̣ȫûаһֻ̻
ֻãԼֻöѡ
ڲѩսʿǵɫ仯֮󣬺ڴǷġ
һɣ뵽һƬصĲݣĿⲻɵֿ˹ȥ
ҹȥɣһڴ˵
ŵĺèһϿҿĿѩѲսʿӷεģѾȥ˰ĺȥ
Ȼʵǣè̱ѩսʿˡ
ɻģ׬ǮҲǺģʱ仹磬ϽǸʲôţҪ˲ѺǻҪɻġ
һѩսʿӾߣèίеСԹıѩصķ
Ǳ飬̫ѹˡ

100 ҫ

, ȥʷＦõĶ, ˼ֻŵǻʱ, ЩС˷ܡ
Ȼ, ˷ܵʱ򣬻ǼСʱ
, , 𣿡Ķӳɷʵ
С㿴˿Žǵѩ׵ʵģ
ڻ·Ͽ, ץ, һﲻץٺ١սʿŵ⡣
ɽʮݣҡԾ, סڸ߸ߵɽ, ڹ⻬ıʯ, ѩսʿ˵¡
ǰʱǶǾ͵ɱģԴ˲ʷＦú, Ǿʶİ·ϴʳ, Ŵز䡣
Сٵϵͳһ, ǿʳõ, ܲ, ôҪֲУҪֲĻǾҪսʿǴֻèŶӻ˵
˽֮˵ŪȦӰɣȥ˵ǰ治ǻսʿ𣿾塢רŸֳˡ
ϡսʿ˷ܵɽȻͶһȥɽֳˡ
յϢʱ˺ôһ
ѩսʿһ˲ܲˣԼͻҸط棬صġ
ǸʱҲֻҪһģ֮󣬾߲ˡ
ػûпѣҪչˣ·û޺ãûб֯ӻûá
һѵ飬ûǴӲڱõľϲл͹ͱ˹ĵطһûûҹĸɻˡ
ʱҲԼĲȱ뷨ǺܶģΪ̫ˣÿѾſڵϱϻȥˡ
յϢʱҲͬľ
ʷＦõֳжҪΪһѩ壬̫˽ˣÿ춼ܹȥһ۲ſϰ˯ģû뵽ҪĵطȻҪչˡ
ǣ̫ûˡ
𾪹˷ӦûǺܿģʶԼ
չֳĶԻʺһ㡣
˶һۣ۵΢΢ʪ
һۣܿƿˡ
ǸڸոջսʿϸĵĽ⣬ʵ˵Ҳ֪ģΪÿѩ嶼ֳעĵ㶼ˡ
ҪúøɣȡĲʷＦá
ǸɽǸոմģ˵ˣڻ֪ôȰֳȦŪҲû£ճĵطǻȥʷＦû˷ѵġ
˵ˣҪˣԺǾпȫ⴮ˡ
ǰսʿһ˵ţ˵ĿУҲȫǷܶĹâ
ѩıԵפһðš
ų˵Ǹڴôûһսʿʵ
ڷĿ࣬üǱµԱ˵Ӧÿˣû鲻顣
սʿڴȷʵûаܼ˵ж̫ˡ
û£ѩȷʵѸ˵㣬ֶûôˣڸĴѹ£Ȼͦô꣬ҲˣֻҪ֪ǵܡ
ͷֵǮľϢˡ
֮ǰõѩ˵ϢʱûȤģǱýƻһٲҪȫˣЩǸ£ҪĻǣѩȻ췿ˣŪմɣֻҪһ뵽ʵϳ˵մɣһƬȡ
˺̻ᣬĿǰΪֹû˭һóôմɵģҾǺ̻ᣬǱߵմɺѩıҲԶˡ
ǣ̫Ȥˡ
ڷѩʲôܣЩܵ󣬶ǻᵽġ
Ӫÿ˶Ϊ֮ս׼
ȻǻȥѩȴǺɵģֻҪõܣʱ򣬾ˡ
ǡ
ѩսǿΣ׬ǮĶǱˡ
ڷǴЦĿԶɫȻԵá
˵ѩ廹кܶԵģҲ֪ĻǼٵģϧˣҪսپȻǲд˵еôζȻôôһսʿЦ
˰㣬ʱҪ̰Աץס˺Ƭˣɱû㰡ģѩʳ嶼ҪһһһȺħʦЦ
ⲻ˵˵𣿷ĺˣǲΪһڳԵģͰԼ˵ģǮʲôԲ
ðŵսʿ´󵶣Цѱٺ٣㣬Ҫѩϣɱ̫ˡ
ҲŲһ
˵ôɵӺ˺òãǿѩ壬һ㰡·Ӵ󺺿ˣ˵
ôѩĻԻͽˣ껹Ǳˣçòеļһд˵еô
ҾҲǣûʹûѩ𣿸мѹѩ壬˼˼ѡ
ǰ̫ˣѩ壬Ǽˣĸɵ˸ϳģ㣬ʱôĶ֪󺺱Ŷ˵
̫ңʱһƨ

101 

һ, ųѩصսʿ, ͣ˱ܵٶȣԭһ¡
ӵİ׿۶һߵĺè, ˵Ӧÿˡ
, ʱǾǵϳǵĽ, ҲҴѩˡ
ڴ̾ӵ˵è, ˣǷĺˣԲһҵ, , һͭҲС
΢üèûǴĻ, ǰͷ͵ܵǲȥġ
ڴ֪Է뵽ǰ, æ˵ǸĹ, ǲһģһ
˵꣬ڴΪ˱ʾԼ˵ģæ˵ѾϢ, Թȥˡ
֪, ѩ˸ҪϢ, һѻֻè, ¸·ʱŪ, ʱʱͣµġ
Ϳ쵽طˣʱˡ
ڴ˫۷Ŀѩ壬ȫûȥԼԭͬϳʲôԵġ
飬ҲǾġ
ѩսʿڴ̵ɫã˵ͷ·ҲǸʲôŴģ˵Զһɽ絽ֵһңûаЩһˣﲻ̤ʵһǸ·ˣ˸˿ô죬ǻġ
פرΧʱ򣬺ڷ滹ں;ӢԱۣӦôķ֣ѩӦͳߡ
˵üҵʱҲͬ˼ҵĴ
ÿδˣڷŭĶһԱ˵ȥ˵ˣӪﲻܡ
õģų˵ţҪ߳ȥӭײ˸ߴѩսʿ
ڷ漸һ㶣æҪǰ
ȻûȻˡ
ϣܺѩģУԲֿССַŶܸɵġ
ǾҪǰܳȥ
˭ֱ֪ӾͱһҲûܵġ
Ǳһ֮ѩսʿʼսƷˣͦģûʲôá
˵˵˵ˣģǲҪ˻ҪģýҹС
һڸ²·ѹǮӵѩսʿ˳˵
Ҳǣǽңȿȥ˵ѩͿڵӣŵħ޵Աߡ
ǵģֻħޣҲѾǵˡ
ڷ濴ѩ׳ǰԼŶӵĲƲɫˣƫƫʱһϤ֪ųиռָģĽҲŶ࡭
ڷ̧ͷһȻľŶֻèˡ
ݺݵĵźڴ̣û˵ͼոո²Ǹѩսʿİ˸⣬ڴЬҵǸռָ
ѩսʿſռָ˵صû湻صİ
û£ǸħʦǲҪΪúÿǴԣиˮǸ۷ʵҲǸռָкܶħƷţֵǮġ
ڴȫûи˵ţǸսʿûǮֵǮֵۣǸսʿҪ֪ѩ壬ǵצӾõˡ
ǵĸųһͷӣǸǮͷӣ͵͵ˣԼһĽң֪Ҵȥ
ڴ̵ĿǰԱǵϻÿһ֪ԷжǮжٵֵǮƷ˵Щ
ǵͱסˣڷúڴ̱ģǰܾúڴûãûսģֻǿ̽ϢãǺ˺ڴ̽Ϣļˡ
ܳ
̽˵ľˣȻǵҲŪô
һԱһҺ󣬺ҫŵĳԱѾߵľ޿ˡ
ڷǹ򶨵ı鶼ڱˡ
ⶼʲôǵĲƲҪ߲ӣܴߵĶҪߡڼٵĲܴߵĶѩսʿѾջˡ
ҪߵʱѾɰ˵ĺڴ̣ѸٱסһѩսʿĴȡ
һΣһΣһΰɣһĿš
ѩսʿۺڴ̣룬ְ˸ʱĺڴ̻ûע⵽ŵλãѩŲƲĵط
ħ޵ıϣļڿȥһĲˡ
Ϊ˱ʾԼãٵóԼȻдһѩ㳡Ļ
֮ǰǺҫŵĳԱΪһ鱨Աֻһǲܵġ
õǸСʫˣȻСҲֻȦ˵ս壬Ǻڴ½ӵġ
Ⱥڴд֮һħ޵ϡ
ʱ֪Ϣȥ֮Ϊ̫ڲ˼飬˺ܶèƵ˹ڲϵչ֮ѩĹ㳡Ϊ˴˵еĴèʥأԶϵдè͵ɹҪһèɡ

102 ж

ϴһð֮, ѩսʿ, һֵǮĶˡ
Ȼ˵Ҫѩ峤, ƽı鶼˲, ߸˵İѴ󲿷ֲﶼŽԼȥˡ
С˸ռָϵͳռ֮ǰصǸֲֳ˳
Ϊɽֻȫ, ֲỹŵĺá
, ǸǵġС˵
õֲ֮ۿˣǷİ, һֳڵĲʷＦáɽչ˺õġ
ͬʱ, Զĵطһ֧ѩѵĳѩصķ
һٵģһۿȥ֪ƶ
ʱ̫ո߸߹, , ûʲô̻, ҡ£ֱӾžĵ˵ϡ
Ϣһߡ
Ȳѵģͷսʿ˵ͣ£·, 
սʿæֻС, 鿴һ̵״, ӶСĵóһԵ, ̵
С̵ıӶ˶, ſͣ
սʿһȻ
ûµģҴֻҪѩأǾܹصˣгԵģкȵģﶼѩǿսʿĵطֻҪȥˣһкӹġ
Ϊ׵Ǹսʿ˵ţǲ浹£ò׻ˣ϶ҪصѩȥġѩкܶģҶúܺãһ㶼һֻҪȥˣ֪ˡ
սʿĻЩ·ĿҪ߲һ
ûҪȥģѾ뿪ѩˣˣڿԻȥˡһѩ˫⡣
Ҽȥĳ˵ѩغܺõģǱߵѩսʿرһֻ껢˵
ǰѩһرõģֻҪȥˣǾҲˣսʿҲȥ˾ûʵħ޵ˡ
Ǳһܺãǻߵģ죬ǾͿԼˡ
໣˲䣬һҪúõĹһ
ѩ˵ŶδľϣĹâ
Ϊ׵ѩսʿݺݵĺһˮ񻮹һ˿
ѩٶǰҰصѩ壬ȥˣòܳսʿǵȴԽԽˣҲսʿӢսʿûеġ
ѩ̸һһǲ֪ԭ֪ģѩصĻֳˡ
ĻѩصҲֹۡ
һѩ㾫󣬾Ϳʼ·ˡ
һ·ϣûлԹʲôǶԾıţ۶顣
ڴڴ֮ͱ
ȥȥˡ
һ붼ģͺЩѩһȥʯˡ
ʥع㳡ûеġ
һڴֱ̼ǰ֮ǰèûиɵĻˡ
ڣϵʱ򣬷ֱгϲͬʳ
ҪǿЩóԵķϣˣЩóԵķϣҲҪܵģҪȼ죬Թܶѡ
ȵ̫ȫɽʱѩѾ
УڴҪ߻ȥûѾڵϣһֻèһεѩ̸קŻȥˡ
Ҫ԰͵͵ȥģ˵ˣɻǱɢġǸѩ˵ţۺڴ̣èͷһĹġ
ȻģȫǺ͹ĲĲƲһĹġ
ƫƫڴ̲֪ѩ̣һж
ǱǰǸҫźöˣսУҲûóԵģûгԹĺóԵʳ
ѩ̫ˡ
ڴ۸жòҪҪģĿ˵ĺˣҶġ
ѩںԲ۾һ㶣Ȼų˴Цݣ֪ͺˡ
һҪŬŬĸɻѽ
һﻢͬèʱһֻ̻໽Ŵǵǰܹ
˻ûӦͼֻֻѩ̴ǵǰܹ
ûץסһһһʣһȺС̾ʹǵǰܹˡ
ڴ̻ûףͼոջԼǳõѩҲѾˡ
Ȼ󡭡
һȺѩսʿǣŸոյķɱȥˡ
ԭֻкڴ̻һȺؾ
ڴ̿ŵؾ۵͸ã
ؾźڴ̣۾ͬãȻ
ֵܣЩզˣ
èģȷҪǵؾ
˫ĬĬĿ˼ӣͬĬתߡ
ǱߣѩѾַˣһӾͰСΧסˡ
㣬㣬㣬ңҪ
һֻѩͷС㣬ںԲ۾棬ȫڴĹâ
㣬ǿ׳ˣҰɡһֻѩ̵߶߶ر˹
ܹģȻǲЩһ˵ģһС㣬̬ŵģռλرС棬໣һء
С˵ͼԶǡ
Ǵ˷Ļһ˫˫۾עߵļһüɫĿı顣
ðɣЩһıӣ鰡
ǰŰõǹóһ۵Ĳ˼ĻȻһֻܹˣȻֻܹˣȻֻܹˣȻһȺܹˡ
ţЩѩսʿҲˣͨͨѾܹˡ
˵Сұϱ±ȫǸΧˡ
ˣ໽ˣ֪ˣһǡС˵꣬ЩһǾȲĶˣ׷׳Сë޵צӡ
ζǣбζǣԣζǺɫģζϵħһζľǱϵħõǹ㳡ϵèɡ
Сһ˵ţһ߷ǡ
õǹ۾ÿλá
һŵģȫ̶֮սʿҲһţһģźλá
㣬̫ˣҰèˣð䶼èɡһѩսʿ˵
ǲУҿɲһͿһսʿǱߴèɣһһһһ
С㵭ľܾˣһ߷һ˵ҪèҲϲĻǴֲҲǿԵģͷߣǹ
С˵꣬еѩ۾ˡ
èǹèͷèߡҸĻ
һ˫˫۾ĿС㣬۾ĿֱҪˡ
㣬ҾãһܹɻҿŪһ飡õǹѩսʿһ
Ȼ˵⻰ʱվŶŵĶǾ͸ˡ
˵ˣ·ģҪܸ䡣һѩսʿԥĽҿǼһĵףȻѸС˵㣬ǿ϶ܸɵöġ
èɰôûĶĲݣһҪֵİ
ֻҪһ뵽èɸΧֻҪһ뵽ӴԺèĻ̲סˣԼܸɣ
㣬ǿԵģѩսʿǿսʿ
ûһҪèɹ뿪ͿӾͽӵ
㡭
С㿴ǰЩǣҪļһǣ˵ˣ˾ͿߣؾǻûС
СĿָ̫ˣõǵѩǣŻסԼǣ˲Ⱥɢ

103 

ڴڿһѩ̳ǵʱ, ͸оˡ
èĶǳ˼ĺζ
Ǹѩ, ſʯ·ϣ᲻ðǷҧ, Ƿצ, ۾һһҸģĺȥһ԰
ڴ֪, ȥ, ѩҲһһġ
ΪתעԼɳʲôɥĲѩ̴ʺ, ڴ̸ϽĿתˡ
ոհĿת, ͼһֻѩǣҪһţҸС, ۾ˡ
Ͻ, ڴְĿתˡ
, ѩڳǣǱгѩǣǱС

ڴˣĸ, ѩڳǡ
ֱجһ, ÿѩ嶼ǡ
ںڴ̿Ҫʱ, СһèǷŵ, ԰ɡ
ڴʵϤ, ʱסˣҲУ
ڴ̻ûüʣͼǸѩѾǹָ˵ؾÿؾһԼϲĿζ
룬ؾˣڴ̶ʱͰˡ
ˣѩǽ㡣
һϵǣζ˲ˣڴ̸оԼƮֻèֵòˣ֮ǰʲôѾȫˡ
ֻҪȫĵͶ뵽ĸо档
ڴ̻л㱵ǣҸ۾쳣֮ǰǸĺèһ㶼һֱèȻͬ
͵Ĵѩ岿䣬ҹǹ˸£˶ζ档
ѩսʿǣѾǲ԰ˡ
èڴ̸ǻԭΣ¶˶ƤĽųš
ؾǰһ𣬳ǣ۾ȫǿְɫȫȻûǳľֲ
Զĵطħ޵ĺŷֵĴɫŲ䣬ĳš
ҹɫˡ
ڶʱɺ
ʵϣÿ쵽ʱ֮󣬴ҾͻԾȥԼӦ顣
ؾǶܺѩˣͻ᲻ҪˣȻѩǸʲôмƻ󣬶ʱͲˡ
ΪϿ˹һ£һؾǸмƻҲҪþòɵġ
ӾֿٵĹȥˡ
һ죬ѩһȺѩ塣
ǿٵıڲݵϣ۵ڴ
ѩ֮ǵѩظˡ
֮еĴ˶ǴģûõҲûˣһ·ϣǴܻ̫ˡ
ò׻ص˲䣬һֻֻ׻ϣȫãȻ֮ɫ
ǵȱսǸϺģȻȫ֮أٻصѩأѩصѩỶӭǻ
һ·¶޵ģû˾ÿ࣬쵽ˣȴЩҽȥ
Ƿӣ̫̫Ưˡ
ģ˺ܶණ
Щǡ
ԭӰûƭǣкܶ෿ӵģĻҪƯ
ԸǻȥôˣҪĺܶʳ
С·ٶ궼û䣬϶ǻӭǵİɣȻͰ·ˣϾ·ֻѩ֪һ˿ڸõսʿ˵
ѩ壬ʱѩȫ弱ƫƫڻܶˣ͸ϺѩսʿǱ֮ء
ǳսѩսʿǴ붼ˣûǱʱӰȥģû뵽һӰڰѽڳ˸ǻˡ
ӰѩǲģÿһѡеսʿӰȻʵǿȴսǰս󣬾Ӱһ㣬֪
ǵ۾ǰӰЩɬЦ
ԼӰһ˵úܺĵ׻ǲɱĺţصǣϽǵĴڡ
紵ݴԣʱд˻Х
ûãѩսʿͳһȺ˵ǰ
ǡǵˣѲ߶Ӷӳſеζ˼˵
ܶˣǴųʲôӣǼǵõģЩˣһӡûа
Ѳ߶ӶӳЩҲҵǣ˵߰ɣȻȥ˵
Ӱ⻰һɣ˵Ǳ߻ģЩӰսʿĺ
Ѳ߶Ӷӳһɫˣ֣صˣӭص䡣
һ仰˶ʱӯˡ
ûкǿսҲûʲôرģһǮûУеϴ˴ġ
֮ǰһֱ˵Ҫǻصģڷֱû˸ҿ϶ʲô̬ȡ
ҪǣЩڲġ
ѩǲ˵ˣһ۾Źʹѩ嶼ǹطᣬĴۿ
ʱѩ̤ء
ǾĿȫһĲ䣬۾ȫԺ
Ӱû˵ĺĻҪҪһֻữεС˵
·ãһҶûС
Ӱ˵öԣĿܺţͺ񣬾ͺûӺܿһصһ㶼һ
ΪƭǵģӰûƭӰ˵ûҪãҪð
ѩǣһһ˵Żڼ仹˵Ӱر˵˵ĻȻʵϣӰѾˡ
·ϣľ˵˵ƭȥġ
֪˲䣬Ȼģôá
԰һӰ֮ǰ˵Ĳ䣬ڵҲһڵĲȵЩϻ˵ĻҪð
Ӱĵ΢ִǿҵԺһûܻصĹ磬˳Ųʯ·ңԶεա
ҶˣҲϢɡ
һƮѩϿգУӰ˵ӰսʿǵЦݡ
峤յϢ֮ͳˡ
Щݹһ֪˺ܶǣ˵ģ件ӭǻӰĺѩصĻ
һֻԭƻʳܲ峤׻Ǻܸ˰ǻͺá
峤ϴ˰ȥԷˣڻǳԷʱ䣬ǿЩѩǶһϢӣ̣Ƕǿţ峤׾᲻ˡ
ӰΪԼҪȽһµģû˵峤˵ȥԷѾǰһˡ
Ӱ˵ͷ˸Ѳ߶Ӷӳ
һ·ϣ»عѩ𾪵Ŀ·Բ̣һһʳмֱ֪Ӧʲôоˡ
ǲ֪ЩʲôʳԼףǺóԵģΪЩµѩ忴ĶʵһͶ
㣬ܺóԵģǰħѾȦˣǾܳԵˡ
ǰѩ˵Ǳߵźǰʱŷֵģ˵ź۾ܷźܾˣǳʵĻǳź۶ǺܺóԵģźں٣ҪȥǮġ
˵˵ţһ˾ߵ˿ݾƵ꣬·ѩ˵ǸðסģסһҪһңҪǲססҲҪǮģֻҪѲ߹ĵطͲܰ׸סˡ

104 

ҪǲסѲߵĵطأһѩʵ
Ǿͳͭͼ, ǵѲ, ҪԸ⻨ҵĻǻϸĵͼΣղȥ, ҩ, ħ޶࡭
Ϊͷѩ˵ʵ̫Ȼˣĳѩһһ㶵, ⡢ѩ
ȱûи, ѩҲⰡ
С̻˫۷Ź⣬а治صѩ塣
ǻСȴ֪ģ׬Ǯѵ, һ·ϣǵսʿҵģڲ, ֻҪסһ, Ǿһң̫ûˡ
СಽĸŴϻŶӣ˫۷ŹĳԺ
ǱǲʷＦֳõֳҪǹȥʱ, ҪС, ̫, ŵġ
Ϊһѩ壬֪ѩʲôˣѲ߶Ӷӳֻ֪ҪǻӣǰҹҲҪȥģǰ˵ȥ͹ȥȥʱҪСͺˡ
šѲ߶ӶӳС̸ϽͷԴȴĿֳķ
ţһ·Ļֿ˲ĸֶȫˡ
Ĳ䣬ѩ壬Ҳ벻ġ
ȵʳ֮ζһûˡ
Ǵûŵζһž֪رóԵζѩạ̊́СѾеɧˣǺܿվˡ
һ˫˫ںڵ۾۰Ͱ͵Ŀſ򼸿ڴ
̫ˣŵζˡһֻС˵
ԣġ
Ҳ룬ӦûǳԵİɣǻɻġ
СС˵ʱ򣬳ѩҲڰſˮ
Ѳ߶Ӷӳٵȵȵģһʲôģ¹ٲ˵ǶҪ̿ˮɵˡ
Ǳ룬ûùģÿȥһԼĲ;ߣȻŶ췹Ѿữε̺ͳ껢һữСԱߣʯ룬ÿúãŶӾˡ
Ѳ߶ӶӳĻһ£ѩǾȲǰò;ˡ
ữεСֻ̻ԼõĶƯеʶĳ껢Ѿڿаˡ
Щ˵дģû뵽ĴѾһݵĳ̶˰
ǸоԼѩ岿䣬ǵĸһξˣ
¹ѩǻϲϲĳŲʷＦźʱһСѩϼж
ûãɰɵСӾ͵ѩ岿䡣
ǿѩı仯𾪣ѩ岿ʲôʱˣ
֪ǰϢΪǼٵġһ˵
ȲˣˮԴҪ
ͷİܿ͵ѩ岿棬һѲߵսʿ˵֮Ǿͱ峤׵ס
Сʱں峤¹˵Ĺģ˵꣬ͼһпŮİ顣
ͷİƺ峤׺Ϥ˸к֮󣬾ͼ˵ǵˮԴˣҪһѩսʿ
峤һսʿ¾ûҪܾǵСẓ́ʵˮԴô£
겻֪ΪʲôˮԴһȺħǰռˮԴʼãСԼܶԸʱԽԽˣǰû취
ͷİ˵껰ǺʶóһңҪҲеģǾʲôʱħˣʲôʱѩܹߡ
峤׼ʶĿС㣬££ûк
걻˸ˣԾûҪġ
峤һ˵Ҳ֪Щʲô
С˰Ļ̲סʵǽųֵ𣿡
ǰǰûгֵġ
ͷİ鱾ѩ̵ģʱ˼̺ѩ峤Ļ²⣬һεѩ峤˱˵ˡ
峤ǵԶ𣿡Сʵ
УԶҲġ
峤˼һ˵ѩصĻشҪ졣
С㻻һ¾룬дˡ
˵ǿ㡴˹ȥħܶĻǿʮսʿȥܹˡ
ͷİСĻһϲԭΪܽ赽ʮѩսʿõˡ
ʮǼֱռˡ
ûˣսʿǾܹˣǰÿ͵壬ǹȥˣÿ춼ṩġͷİϽ˵
ṩͲˣϣʱܰץħС˵
ṩ⣿ͷİʵ
һģ²ɵİɣħײлжֲħûʲô֪
ǰŲɵ޴
ѩ̶ģǰźʱʱǰæռǵıˡ
áС˵
ǺðɣǰѺ壬¶ѩġͷİСĻϾʵѩ巴š
ڰ˵ֻռıˣûŵı˲Ҫĵ
ʱͷİ˿һֻѩ˵Щʲôԣǳϲԣѩ峤λˣֻʵ̫ð黶ϲˡ
ôİ飬СĿ⣬˲٣ֻǺܿģ뵽̵ֻͣ̾˿󣬻Ҫܶ갡
ڵ֮ҪˮԴ顣
Ϊ˲ѩ峤ڣͷİæ˵Ǿôˣѩսʿ߰ɣܼģڴˮˡ
ʶĺԵѩ̵Ļһ֮Ļĵľѩûǰ鲻Ҫ˵˻ڡ
ѩ峤ף
ЩֲףΪʲôⰵô
ܿģѩ岿仹ѡʮսʿȥӰûбŹȥģڳԷʱϢ˹ˡ
Ȼˣߵʱȷеʮһ
СԼͷͽˣ峤ױҪץģǿںڵĿ񣬶ʱֳĬˡ
ʮѩսʿҲǲõ̵ģټϰһֱڴߴ٣峤ҲĬˡ
ٶȺܿ죬һ·ϴѩսʿܳأܵԶ֮󣬲ͣϢ
ҲΪռ˵ģıܿѩ岶龰֪ˣҲǲģֻΪѩһڽ鷳
һڸ˼·֮󣬾͵˰֡
ﳣҹǿǵģյⶼǺٵģһȥȫǴ׳ģǧ
ڱĵط˵Σ֮أڰ˵ǵá
СڶУǵˮԴȥ
һ·͵ˡͷİ˵
ƤϾһͷɫĳ÷ţ˫䵭ĵĺֻڰֵ·ϣŻųϲõĵ⡣

105 

һ·Ҳȫ˳, ֵĶܶࡣ
ЩܿͱսʿǸ, ûʱ䡣
һ˵˰ˮԴʱѩսʿǾˡ
ϤͷϤĻ, ײе, Ǵ͵񣬿ɲѩ, ռ˼ǧĶħ
ȿ, ԣ㡣
鿴ѩսʿı飬֪ǱˣЦһ, ˵ȻѾˣǾˡ
˵꣬һа˸, ʧԭ, һ㶼˵Ļᡣ
㣬˵Щǣһѩսʿ۾ˣЩ㣬ĻҪడ
ţʱ˵, Щץ, ǵˡ
С㿴һۺ, Щǻ˵һ·ֻ˵һ㣬һ㰡һֻһ϶ûбռˡ
ǾͺãǾͺãô࣬ȫǵˡѩսʿ˵
ȵȵȣӢսʿ鿴һ£Ӻǵǲһģһɣǲܵ㡣
С˵꣬㡵ɫʹˣʲô
Ȼ갵ĺôûУͻȻѩزе㣿ҼǵûĻ֮ǰǶڲɣ
С룬˵ôˣЩ㶼ûܣһֱѩ϶ѩصĻرϲģȻǲˣǾˣһɡ
ʲô̲סʵ
һɣǲһͷǱΣˣ͸Ͻʣµ·˰鲿䡣
С㿴źȺȱ󶯣ǹ۲һ£Ҫ͸Ͻȥ
Уϰš
㶼ѩ֮ܳ󣬾ܲˣʵ̫ûˣҪǰȥ˵ǻ֪ԭûбΧֳģôࡣ
£׳ͱ˴׻˳źȥˣ˷׷׹۲˺ÿ˵϶мᶨɫһҪץȥģ
ǾԲġ
ѩսʿĻⱲӶûµġ
һȺ׻ӣǱںӱߣ۲ţҪҳǸͷܵȻץŵԼֳš
Сڸתţѩʲôͬ
Ӱͬžںӱߣһζײе㣬
СûߺԶڸһȦ֮ͻˡ
￴˿Ȼֿ㡡
̾С˼˵Ѿȥˣһ㶼ܲ
ţá濴˿һеȥżӶˣҲụš
ȸºӵսʿ֮С˵ɣҲˡ
˵ûϺ֮ǰѩսʿǶһһĿģʳ£ѩսʿǣһԷ;öӶˡ
һΪԷʱ䵽ˣһΪڵķʵ̫óˡ
ܿģѩսʿʹӺŪ
ˣûǾͰʮһɾԱˡ
Ӱ˵Ŀ⻹ǱȽϾģЩոŪʱʶľҪԱߵ˸סˡ
Щܳ𣿡һѩսʿʵ
ܺóԵģǳԹ˾֪ˣЩ̫ˣطöҪʡѾԹսʿ»ˣ¶˲õЦݡ
Ӱŵ㣬ٿ֮ı飬˶٣ԼһֳܱСӡ
ôţӰվøֱˣֻĿӺˡ
СõһС⣬ͺɫһǽ׵ģ⾧Ө͸ܺÿ
һ£ȷû֮󣬾Ϳʼˡ
ѩսʿǣʱ󲿷ֶΧߣڴĿС㣬۾ȫǺóԵĺóԵĺóԵġ
羲Ĵݵأϵ֦Ҷ΢΢ҡһ£ֹƽ
ʮֻϻվ׻ſڵϣʱʱ̧۾ð̵ĹȻе˦βͣȴš
ʱţСǱߵŨˡ
ȴѩǿֹסˮ
໡
һѩսʿСĶӰһ
ֵܣǻðæˣѾٸԵˣʳóԵġ
ӰյϢ֮󣬰Űɵôó𣿡
ſԱߵĴ׻̧һӰ˵±˰ëϵʱͻ֪Ƕôûˡ
ţ
һ׻⻰ΪȻĵ˵ͷ
ǵٶȣȫʳġ
ǰЩֻ˯˯˳Եǣܵÿˡ
峤˵ѩ̣Ѿм¼ܵһˡ
ȫǡΪˡԡģ
֮еսʿ䱸
ǲСпʼѾ࿪ʼˣβˤϣҵëϣǶɲӰˣӰ󣬶Ѿźˡ
ոջӰ
ͬ±Ƶѩ壺
⡢ѵӦýгԷȻһѺ˵Цǰ
ʱѾźˣӰֻߵɻĬĬŵ˶ߡ
ǰսʿǣȲԼķݺ󣬾ͿʼҸĺ
Ȼһ˵˵ЦЦģֱܰгˡ
ȵӰ룬ҪԼķʱ֭ͬһŨ׵ʱǺܾϲġ
ֻǵȥʱвĻЩ
ÿһѩ峤нٶħǲܳԵģģ񡭡
Ӱܶൣǡ
һԼжô죿
һԼô죿
һˣ˭ֳʮһֻʬ
˺֮ܶʶֱ˻ô˶ڳԣӦòἯ嶾ɣ
̧ͷǣҸĺϧĳ⣬ʱͲȥˡ
ӰͷϸϸƷζ
źϵһڣˣױȵζǴδڿӡ
Ũ˱ǡ
ϸ壬ۿɿڣڸжأһԣԻãֻҪͷһһԾͽ䲻ˡ
Ӱϸϸľ׽ţζȫƷζ
عʱѾһ룬״̬õĻΣŶˡ
ȥ˵˵ЦЦ
ȥж
ֻһͷǾǸɵԼǰĻӣһȥŶӡ
ȻģӰһˣھɻ𾪡ȻҲͬ뷨
ֻҪһ뵽ΪԼ޶ۣں棬Ǿͻĺۡ
໣㣬Ժˡ
е˶극ѩսʿǣźˮ㣬Ϭˡ
ڣܿģ㡾ҵһڲͬ㣬ϸϸĹ۲һ£ȻһԾѸצϣ˱ǡ
һźһ㣬ڳѩսʿǣȫʼץˡ
һֻֻĴϻˮצˢˢˢٵ÷ɿ졣
ÿһצӵĻӶһ㱻˰ϡ
ſҪҧֻǲŽӽ׻ͱĶ˰ϣڲݴˡ
ѩսԼӦٶȣǶġ
ϣСҲûͣţóͿʼ򵥵Ĵ
һʱ䣬˶æȻ졣

106 

紵Ҷ
һӰԶԾ֮, ֽýݵͣһôӰ档
վںڰ, ŲԶȥ
ЩѩȫţЩðͷ۵ħһı˰, ԭȺ, ϡһ㡣
ѩս֪, ôº, ʱһ
ʱĿһת˰ϵѩ̡
Ŀһ٣ʱһѾ
Ӧ˵, Ȼѩ
ôˣȻǶļ, ƽʱӦûڵġ
ĿǱֻһ֮, ƿˡ
Ķǰ̣ҲǲģȻɭ֣ܹϷĶǲȱġ
ῴ˿գʱ, жЩѩսʿԽӵˡ
Ȼ, 뵽ѩսʿ, ûĸǳԿġ
Ϊʱ򣬻ῴѩǼ÷ɣûɻģôṩѩսʿʳҲ᲻õġ
ò׿ֵߵĿְ׵õı˲øʳȥ᲻á
Щѩ廹൱ĺõģûǱʱ֣Ҫ´ٹʱ򣬿ǻôڿµĻῼһ£ѩȥʱ򣬸һֻɽ
ţʱİᣬȫûõսʿĻʳֻʱ򣬿һֻСᣬǶô޳ܵ顣
ֻռˣռˣռ˺ܶѩսʿĴˣ
Ѳߵİ飬ĲԶվš
ͬǱڷµѩ壬ЩغͶ˵ǷôŽ˼ħѩֱȥһצȥǼҪǰȥȥʣǼ˰ɣ
ⲻܱȵģҪЩħˮû취ҪڰϵĻԼ˾ܽˡһսʿ˵
ɲǡףǸѩڸʲô̷һתˡ
ѩ֪ģǵطѾûԵˣôѹѩز仹ڣҲͦģ̣ǹԲȵİɣһû뵽ǲṩʳ˵İ˵
ʻİһӾûˣԲȰ̫˰ѩˡ
´һҪעˣñ̴һ˵
ûһ鸽͵ǰ黹ռˣ´ξԲ鷢
վİǣΪȻĵͷͷûռǰıˣһ̵ֻĿҲǲԵġ
ԺסˣҲѩսʿˡѲ߶ӵСӳ˵
Ȼûṩʳǲֹѩսʿڰֲ԰
ҪǱ壬ʱС̵İѾҪǰˣ뵽ӳòװѩ£ǾԲǰµġ
ûߵȰᶼ
İԺУԺ󵫷д̵ģһҪľܾ
ôߣʲô𣿡һǵ˹Żսİͷ˵û£ڿѩ塣
ŶЩħôˣϴиȥɰǼˡ˵İ鼱˹˵
УˮеսǰߣһӾ˲ٵħӣֻҪЩѩ屣ٶȣò˼ܰˮԴŪˡһ˵
˵ѩΪ˷ֹħѩأѾѴӸˣҪҲѺӸ˰ɡǰǶȥѩصģȻˡոչѲ߶һԱ˵
̫ƻȻѺӸˣҪҪȥĸƻħͻȥϾЩħǧѩصģǵġոճİ˵
ȥǱѲߣȻ󡭡
ǵȥѩؿˣǱ߶սʿŵģοħСˮԴҪǲŪߣԺǺˮˣܲðսʿÿ˴ˮȰɣ鶼øˡ곤İ˵
ҲǣħˣǾѺӸס˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ڰڱ۵ʱСѾæˣһ˸ô㡣
սʿǶ飬һҲæòС
ЩǿǱ˰ϣһʱҲ˵ġ
С̾һ֮ϵĶˡ
ǿҪ˷һӲʿѩսʿҲ¶޵ѹ顣
ˣ°ɡ
СϻûУͷš

ûãǾԾȥˡ
ߺɭֵıܻ֮ǰȥѩսʿѸˮԴ
ȵˮԴֻ֮׻̱׳ȥˣһӡ
ѩսʿѸٵ˵Ȱ˵֮ʶתԴһȦΧ
໣ûгԵˡ
໣ЩڣȻķˣһҲûǡ
໣̫ҵĻˡ
ѩսʿ۵¶ź̲סʵǶԹ𣿡
ˡ
С΢΢ЦЦǵɫԽԽõʱ򣬼˵һС棬ǿȥ԰ɡ
սʿۿɼĿ
аȻûǡ
ΪЩһﶼѾˣ㣬л
ոջỢһӾǰ£Ͷ뵽ʳȥˡ
̫£ѩսʿҲ׼ԭϢˡ
ûþͱȼˡ
ϻϢϢѲߵѲߣĵģʲôĶС
ӰԴӳСķ֮ץ͸ӵˣһҲȫû뵽ǿĺ㣬Ȼôĺóԡ
ȻҪһץܶͺˣǾܹϰЩŪزˡ
Ҳ׵ģЩսرǿҲֻѩսʿܹɵŪˣС壬ſͻᱻЩ˺Ƭˡ
Ļ̫ˣô׻Ȼܷ֣ǳԵġһֻ׻̾
û뵽ôãҪ֪ĻҲȥڽ磬Ǿصˡһ˵
̫ɵˣ̫ɵˣʱΪʳĳԵѾóԵˣڲ֪óԵģ̫ˣҾˣԺϲ˾ˡԱߵһֻ˵
˰ɣ㲻֪жٻϲ㡣Ӱдõĺ˵
ȻŻûãǴӲ˵̬ȣ׾Ϳˣ˶ϲ㡣
ûǴĻǰѩսʿµʱǾԲ̵ģƫƫܹսʿǸˣ峤ҲûзԣǾ˵ڲĵλһ㶼սʿ͡
ҶǴĻӰ̫ϧˣһΪֻһ֪
˰ɣǴҵ۾ϹӶŲͷԲĺóԵģȥɣǵһӦġ
û
ڻĵʱһԾ󣬾˲Զ֦ϣޱĿѩǱߵľ
ᱻҪܵ˰еħ
̫ˡ
ѩߣôħģ
ҹĬĿǱߡ
ܶѩ壬һֻ̡
˭
ԭſŵģڷ紵һ˲䣬սʿվ
ǽ䱸Ŀźڰľʮֿ϶Ǳˡ
ҡ
ڰУһ䵭
߹İʱϸĺɫ̷۾һ°ʣʹһξ룬Ҳ˲ӡ
Ŀɨѩսʿǣ˵ҸܵħԪأ
㡿˵û£ǵ̡
ҹشЩ⣬Ŀ⿴׵ѩ壬ʵǲһֻսʿ𣿡
˵̱Ƚϲħ
ȻԼҲ֪ô£ΪԼҵ飬ûҪ˼֪
ͻȻֵİ飬Ҳû֣ոŵζˣͳȥˡ
ЩûʲôرСرϲռ˱ˣǰ˺üˣֻû֣ôˣûе㲻ˡ
ǻϵħҹĸĿ⿴С㡣
Ϊһ߽װ飬Ȼ֪ѩʲôдϵëģǴ˿ֵ̣̿ﻹе㲻
ţǵġСش
Сһ㣬Ҫɭ̷֡鵭ĿС㣬
ģġСڿǺԺġ
ҹüͷ΢ħԪ̫ˡ
û£һС̡
սС˵
û£һС̡
ҲУ̫ˡ
û£һС̡Сɫݣûһ㱻Ϊѵӣ֪Ҫǰѩսʿǣˡ
ҹԭдŲ飬ڻһȦѩսʿȦС۵׿ֹŨҵ
ʲôҲû˵Ծʧ˺ڰС
պѲߵİӳ뿪ɫۿɼһҪҹɱ䣬Ҳ֪Ӧðıˡ
ΪǿİսʿҹħԪҲǺܺõġ
Ȼͬ˵ѾǺˣǺõˣһûпסϵԨħͻᱩȻһС
ǴĿļһҲѾͳɳ˿ֲɵĳ̶˰
Ŀһۣҹ뿪ķȻ˺ڰУδһ
ڶ졣
ֻ̫΢Ĺ䵽ɭֵĵ档СһͿվԼߵİ顣
˱ֱվڷȫһȦѩսʿΣջĿСˣĿŴ󷽵ʩһ
ûǴĻһ컹Ǻ˵ģȻܹˣ
С񰲸һѩսʿǣǵûô֮ſǰĸ߽װ顣
鵽ѩĹأʲô𣿡СһĨ̵޺Ц
û¡ҹ͸ź˵
ĺˣѩǲ͵ģһٶȣѰˮԴϵħСЦ˵
ҹһûлӦ
ʱһѲ߰˹
пŮȫǺڷƤģֻ۾̫ںڰһ˵а档
Ҳֻһеİ鶼һ˫ܺڵͫȻŻĻаа
ˣ˻ȥġ
ͷİɵĿһҹһ֣ߵҹߡ
һ˲Щˡ
ҹɫûб䣬ƺЩһ㣬Ӧ˵ǣ۾ЩǺѩûһ㲻һǲϲĴڡ
ͷİƺŭˣ̣˵ûȥˣ֪ģǲ˵ġ
ҹû¾ʧ˵ǰ
ͷİһѸٺʾһ£æ׷ˡ
ʱѩսʿǣѾֿʼæµֻСһ˻վԭء
Űȥķ˼Ƭ̣ոͷĿ⣬ɲǿˣڿ˰
ʱ͸֦΢
СԼԶսûһѪζʹˡ
湤ĴңҲתͶ뵽һĹȥˡ
ǱȻǷֵøģûдܣ϶ǲܶµġ

107 ɵ

СںӱһֱæµҪʱ, , ȥɭŪ
СѩսʿҲˮ˳ɻ, ɭ汼ܶȥ
Ѿ, ʳڰԣòһ˰, ȻҪ˼ҵĺ˼ҵס˼ҵ
С㿴˷ܽýӰ, ЦЦҲɻȥѰҾˡ
ֺܰһⶼûеġ
Ļİէһ, ΪʲôΣյĹطǲ죬ΣȴʮΣյġ
ѩصΣǿħ, ֵΣЩɱԼֶ
С̧ͷһ, Ǳָ֦ϸǹϿգͻȻɫһ٣Ѹתͷұߡ
һǧ׳Ǹ֦վһڷꡣ
ϸϸķӰдһƺڷǸƧֳĬĿ, ɫ
ӰûӰ, ϵһѪζ, С㻹ֲͰɱս徫Ӣ
ΪСĿ⿴̫ˣϵ絶Ŀ˹
ɱһȻ֪Ϊʲôû̶֣Ǵֱ䵽Сǰ
üۼһ˿һ˫ԨһɫĮնúһ˿
Ϊʲô
žĿռһܵ͵ૣǲ⣬˴𰸣ֻ˼
С㻹ûףͼЦһʧǰ
ûãһӰѲսʿ˹
ƺˣСѩ̵ʱ򣬻һ¡
ߣȻɱٸ˾ͲˡһԾСǰ˵
ȻⲢ˵жôĺģֻѩ廤ǳƴҪѩСǵĵط£ȺѩսʿҪѰֽ췭ظɡ
ȻǰҲɱЩôǧɱԼΣն͹øһƵˣҪΪɱѩ̶ɾˣⰵҲͲǰˡ
ҵԵģ̫ԶġС˵
ҵԵģ
龪ˣôӣҲҪҳԵ
Ĭˣ˿С㣬˵ȥսʿҳԵľͺˡ
Ҷµģ̫æˡС㲻˼˵
£
ŶˣˮԴ⡣
鲻ͷı˲ͱˣ˵ǸͳԵĹȥ㡭
Ǿ鷳ˣֻҪһܳԵľͺáСϸ
ܿģСͱͻȥˣһͬͻȥģаṩľ
ǳ˵㣬һһľ̫ˣҵʳþǶ˳顣
СѩսʿѾѻˡ
֮ǰһʳʱѾɢˡ
˵˹ŵԭҪ˵ߵĻһ˵ˣĬվԭأҪѩսʿ˵ĲҪܵĻˡ
ԶİҲ˱˵˹쳣һǰҪʣŵ˵һʱҲʻˣתͷ˻ߵĹ
鶼ʣµİһۣҲ˹ȥȻͬһʱҲĬˡ
㡣
Ķи̲סȻ󣬵ڳȫս壬һӾ˸һ
С΢Ķ䣬Ű͵ľͿʼˡ
ѩսʿǺͰ˸к֮ҲԹԵļ£׼Էˡ
顭
εվţ˭Ըߡ
˶ĿڴĿѩǣڴиܿں˵Ǿ˳µˡ
ǵֵȣۿϣҪˣ˵˹һڿˮ֮˵ﻹϰ𣿡
ϰֻ߰㡴ŸոץĽƻѸٸͰĸӣһ˵
Ǳ飬ôô˵ôߡ
ߣ
鵱ȻǲԸߵİ
Ǽһ¿ˮǿԼĿǸɢζĹջأװһֱѩĺѣæɣõʱһԷ
⻰һһӰˡ
ѩ嶼Ϊӵؿ򰵾飬û˵
˵˹Ц΢΢Ӳһ˲ѩı飬ôȥ˵Եģ
û˵ʲôǼƤģƤġ
ֻƤʾİæһ£ȻɢԼһԶǿġ
Ѳ߶ӵĳԱǣһĻرߣԹԵǱ߰æ̬Ⱥܼģǲߡ
˵˹ЦݸӽӲһ㡣
ĺƤģⲻƤ񲻺ⰡǹʳͲô˳ԣ
ԼԹȥһİЩǸ߿˺òã
ܳЩ죬ǰǻѸٵģŸոѩ飬һٶȲ죬ͱѩսʿǸǿиˡ
СѾˮ΢ϴһ֮󣬾Ͷȥˡ
˿ôİսʿҲûǰҪʲôŵʼԱߵɽ
⣬ʲôǺܺóԵġ
˶࣬Ȼʲôʲôˣ˷ڹģС㻹Ū˰ֻȫ
ȻҲֳɵģСȥʱҵģΪ˿ɳչС㲻ռ˳ȻӣսʿǰһȻȫˡ
ʱƣеζԽŨˡ
ִٶҲӵľ׼ˣû취ǲĻ׾ͻᱻס˻꣬ȻĿš
ŵģŵζˡ
Ϊ˲ؼʱ̱ϳȥǴٶȣ˲Ӱһģɿ졣
˵˹ڴļ϶̧ͷһСĶ
Ǹѩ̣ûŪʳ˵Ľɫ͵εڵϣֻ޲óȥͽӡ

֪˭ݺݵһ¿ˮ˵˹ŨУҲĸһ¿ˮ
ϵĶ˲Ӱֿ־׼Ȼ񣬶ˡ
ͬһ˺ܶ죬ҪǼ˰飬ζʳҪϧһдȥԡ

˵˹ݺݵһ¿ˮĿһתִɽתչչеʳҲǸհ顣
ѩսʿǿһڲͣʿˮİ飬ϵĶҲӿˣҪȻԶЩ˲а
ǾͲˣٶģҪЩǸߣҪĿ죬Ͱ˸ˡ
ȥϴ֣׼Էˡ
СһڰʿˮУһ˴֮󣬷ŵ
ȻûзŵԼͱһ޳ܵİ;סˣ̵
С̧ͷľޱĺڷꡣ
˽⣬һ˫ڳ۾ɨչɨȫȻѸһֻСģ˵ǵģˡ
⻰һС붮
ٵİҲ붮ҪŭվͷԼˣһĵڵϡ
Ŀҹǵʳ
ĿԼȴá
ĿѩսʿǻֵȥԷˣ

Ҫ龫Ӣսʿ
Ҫըˣ

ŨζڷӿѩսʿǸС˵ʱ򣬶ѾѸٵ˹ȥҷǳĴһˡ
龫Ӣսʿǵڵϣſˮ
óԣóԣóԡǰѩսʿһ˷ܵĳԼķݡ
ڴ˼ѩսʿмӰ룬˵һпֿ죬ȻҪ˱ˡ
֮ǰɽʱҾһֱˮˣʵ̫ˣ̫˰ĻϵħζǺܺóԵζġ׷׳ڵϣȣһ
Ҳǣ̫ˣһֱˮֿס˵⻰ѩ壬ǰģѰļһǮѾˣʳﱻ˭ߵģǲں
ֻںԼ˵ķûгԵġ
ҪǸܵÿ죬ܹǰڵϱˡ
ʳȻѩͷˣʳҪסǣһҪϻġ
̫ҸĻˡһѩսʿŪһֻȫ򣬱֨֨һ£æ촽ȥ̵ָͷһ֬˷ѵģ̵ţȻ˫۷ģȥԼķݡ
ѵĿһֻֻտý˱ǵɽѩǷָˣ޲̴ӵ棬ʵڲеĻ棬Ҳܽܵİ
ܽܵİȫǿģ
ҸųˣǺͰǴһܲģ
ҲǣΪµģû뵽ܳԵôóԵġ»ѩսʿЦһ㡣
죬ߵܴˣʱҲȥ£ɽôóԣѩصһܸ˵ġϧʳڵ˵
ţҪܶɽζʵ̫ζˣȫ޷ֿ
һֱ԰о⻢ʵ̫ˣ
ĻǺܺó԰ϲˡһѩսʿŵǺͨĶȻϸ΢һжӳ˰ǵԺ
ɲǼ䱻Ŵеĸй٣ӾȫŴһ򱶣Ǵʱ޲üѩսʿԼϰ
ֺѩرȻʳ棬ܴķ˵ǶûϹʱȻȴĿʳ
ЩѩսʿǣϽеʳϽͣ
˵˹ΪѲСӵĶӳȻѩսʿģ˲ˡ
ҹǸ쵰Ѷ˾ˣôǿԶǻԼ֣ԺƤѩսʿҪ
㣬ʲôûУôǱѩսʿ
紵ݵأе˲ˡ
ѩսʿ̻ʵĳŷ龫ӢսʿǼʵĶţʿˮʹûͣġ
ߵİ龪ۣס֣ңҡ
ڵϵİ鱩ۣţԣĺ֪ʲôζİǵʲôζİ
ͬϵİԹۣԣ԰
ǰĿʵ̫ǿˣСԾȥˡ
װչ⣬ŵȻȫȣСǵǰ˵ܺúȵġ
ɢ˵ƮڱǼ⣬СȿƤӵģҲ˴ߡ
˵ɫ󣬲˵ð鲻ԽҪץȣҪһζ
˵˹˵˻˫۶Ҫˡ
̫ĥˣ
ûŵôζǿɢŨζʱʱ̶̿Ʒƫƫֻܹţǰѩ̣ȣа棬ŵԼ
ܳ
̫ĥˡ
ŬҪĿǾ׽ƿԺȴƲס˵ﲻͣţӵʳԵĻôζ
˵˹Ҵģôζʳǰ鳤ǣҲûгԹġ
һ£ʳԼĴ֮䣬ǸҸһ룬˵˹Լӵˡ
ζӯӪأѩսʿǳԵ㣬ŰģǾԼʵ̫ˡ
̫̫˰

108 ʳ

ֹ߳, һͨϵĽȥ, Ȼ󼸸Ծ䣬䵽˵ϡ
ΧӰźܶӰһİ顣
û⣬ֱӿ첽ȥѾˣҪȥЩѩǰôˡ
֦伲ԾţĶߺХ
ȿԶˮ䵽ϡ
ֱվӰ, ǱһƬ, УƺһЩʮհ
ԭΪ, ЩѩӹһɲĿζû뵽, ǾȻôĿ֣ҡ
£ϵĹͷȭͷ˽ЩһǲǳԵ̫ˣ͹⡣
ѩ壬ʵ˵ʲô˵Ļ
, һת, Щڵϵİ, Ϥĵ̬ʣʲôˡ
Ӱ˳˵˹ĵɵʪۿжòҪҪģźϺϣǷĿһۣ˵Ѿ֪ˣ°Ѳ߶ӵġ


ѩĶٳһ㣬Ҫ԰ûˣ
˵˹ڴĿᣬ޲ˣ˵ĻҲ˵ڡ
ῴģٿԱߵϵļ飬ʱоӿһ
ʱӰİǣҲͬĿǱߵڵϵͬǣ̫ˣٴˣɵ
ʱߵѩ徫Ӣսʿ㡵ߣЩ˵лˡ
ͷԣһѩ徫Ӣսʿ㡣ոһ룬ͼˣԥһ£Ƿ룬˵û£һ죬Ǿͽˡ
Ӧġѩսʿ˵
š
ûѩսʿͷԣӦš
ʱ򣬴ѩսʿǶѾԵòˣվսʿȥ£ѩ˵ûˣɻͶˡ
ҿһ£Ѿһˡһ߿ˮԴһ˵
㡶Ű˵ѾˣʣµĻһ㡣
Ŷħ֮𣿡룬һȻ˹ԺҪǿˮԴĹС
ħ治÷ײеòУľͷˣҧõͻȻԱиѩСڳԶֵĿ˹ȥȻҲƲ۾ˣʲô
СǳԵñȽģ̧ͷһǰ飬˵ʳ
ܸҳһ𣿡˵
СûǱߵ˵ݣῴеĿӣӰѸʧһ˲ٳֵʱѾ֦ͬˡ
һ޵һ֦ʵȥܲһ
Ҳ㡭
е⣬Žһ˲䣬ζζͰˡ
һݵζûгԵζ۾ɵ˵¶΢΢Ҹı顣
̽Եľ׽һ£ζˣ־ܾһ£һ£һ¡
ֱⶼ֮Щ㶵Ļع
ˣ
͵̧ͷʵһҸҰɡ
ѩ˵Ҫʲôôھӵ᲻᲻֪һſڣ;׼Ķ׼˶Է㡣
šС˵ͷ
ѩС֮ͬΪŶ΢΢ʱͷС㷴ڣæӿڴóһ׼ĶСȻȲľ롣
ʼ͹˵Ѳ߶Ӱ飬ùᣬᶼˡ
ǡ
ʼ͹˵ģͷŵβ๤ʳﱻҹǸ쵰ˣòˣڴһ£õʳû
ʳȴҪȥ
̫ˣ
ǰĿ̫ʵˣĪļĽȸУɨһЩǣϽӿϵĶ
ʳʲôģǷŵԼԵԼĶŸġ
ٴΰŽԼŷŵ۾ͲķϲõĹ⡣
۾
ó԰
˻ԣ
ھ׽ָ֮Լһ顣
һһġ
Сʵϲ𣿡
⣿ϲ̫óˣӸ΢𴽽˵ζʵ̫óˡ
һֱΧİսʿǣųԵø⻶ᣬʶ˿ڿˮ֪ΪʲôûгԵҲãǸܺó԰
ʲô
֪ҿˮˡ
ҲԣЩˡ
ʱҾŵζˣڸˡ
ţʲôζе㰡
ڰУ˽ȫǰŪģЩСˡ
ȫ֮Żָ侲
޵ѵõģЩ΢ĽӲһ£ֻһ¾ˣܿģͻָƽʱģ
ҪҪǰ̧֣ĿС㡣
һģеѩսʿһ˲䣬ֱӾΣ
ЩİǣҲ˵ˣ־ذס
ΨһûܵӰģž˵ˡ
ո˵һ㶼ɱһ䣬ʵڴòеĿС㡣
СΪһֻѩûŲѣúõģֲǲסˣܵ˵ĵϰ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣǻϲѩصġ
Сش̾Ͱˡ
СشѲ߶Ӱ̾˺ѷˡ
СشİĪʧˡ
Сشѩ壬ֻ˵ɵƯ
һ˲ͷ壬Ͷ뵽˷æĹУⲻæаûǵûȫа
ﻹھ׽һ⣬춼ûȥ
뵽ѩ֮ҪˣǸץӷΰ
ٿһ£ġЦЦ˵
С΢΢һЦû˵
ðɡ
֪ˡ
̾һİڰ֣˵Ҫıˣʱҡ
лл
ãǵþͺá᲻õ⣬ζ
ҪǶԷѩ̣Ҫˡ
ĿźĿС㣬뵽ζʳܵزУһϲȥ²ĺ˰
ڵϵѲ߰ǣͨš
ҲаҪˣЩһһ֪ѩʳﵽж㡣
ΪҲ԰ҪǳԲҲŲ
ֱҪƷ谵飬ôʳȫ˱˵ؼǣҴδԹ
ҵôãΪ˵ȿǳԶ̫Űˡ
õԲʵ̫˰һҵİ顣
ѣ㲻һ顣
Ѳ߶ӰĽʱػİǣҲǱ뵽ߵĺڰ֮ˡ
ԽǿԽǾߵĿУɢһðǾúܶζ
һ˿ϸ΢޵̲ס¿ˮ
ŬķֱſζȴԽֱԽԣܿͱˡ
ʱѾֹһ鿴ǱߣԼɢʳζֶˡ
иİԼλãֱӾͺƤһûϴĹ
Ȼһж
ܿģԱߵĹͶˣʳζĶҲˡ
Сһͷյĵط±һ˲
ҲסˣЩûôѩսʿǰȥȻЩһһ
ǽϸĸ̾ɢϲã;̾

Ҫȥ˰
ˤ
Ҳ̲ˣʧСǰЩѩսʿǿĺڰΧһһˡ
С㿴ߵʱЩĪߵ˾ʲôȥҲûᣬǼȥˡ
ЩѾԱµѩսʿǣ͸ܰҪʲôˡ
ݵϣҵĻЩڵϣѲ߶ӰˡĿʧķѾľ޿ˡ
ܿġ
ЩʧİֳˣȻᣬҲںڰеģںڰУҲĿƵĿС㡣
عͬŽңЩҲһ˵ģǴһġ
ٸһЩԵǺЩ˻ûгԷ˵
˵ʱЩʧĹưҲȫͻˣһʧǰޱڴĿСһۡ
ûãʳҲ͹ˡ
ʲôԣֻҪԵģЩҾѩˡ˵ʱڽּ
Ǵ壬ϵĹͷ֪ɽˣ˵ºܿľŪ˺üͷڲݵϡ
С㿴˿ңٿʳģЦ˵԰ҪԺˣȥѩز䣬Ǳߵġ
һʱ۾ˡ
ȥȥȥ
ȥȥȥȥԺһȥ
ϢĻжԺԲźãƺûôˡ
Դӱһס֮;ãҲûʲôʳѩʳóˡ
õ˺Ϣ̬֮Ⱦƽ˲٣û˲ˬĵѹ
߾ҲͦģԺǵսʿһȥġ
Ტʲôӿڸ֮İ飬ڳСʳ֮ȥ룬ԺҲԲ˵ľ̫ˡ
СЦЦٵĴеʳġ
磬ÿǻﶼֻͣҪóԵģͲġ
лԺԿݳȥġ
Щ˵㡣
С񣬼ϵĻˡ
ƽЩİǣʱҲˣһģѸٵĳĵ𣬸ɽȥëȥëȻԵ֮Ѹص˺ڰ
С㿴ǣҲӿϵĶʱûģվڲԶһ㶼ŵĵš
ֱСŵ߿֮ϴõЦ˹
ѩ嶼ôԵ𣿡ʡ
УϲսʿǲġС˵
ȻĵͷҲ԰һ뵽֮ǰԵʳ۾ͷ
˵Ĳһ£ǰ𣿡
ˣұȽϲѩءСܾ
̾һ˵Ǻðɣ뻻طˣһҪһ֣ǰԶѡ
õġ
С˵꣬ͷ˿ʳ
ϵǰеһʳҲ֪ʲôȥ֩룬зġ
ԵģСͰзȥˣҲû֩롣
ῴСƤһ
սʿ׽ɽʱմϵİɣ
ֶܳ
С㣬һû˵ˡ
ȻѩôӦİɣǲ֪òóˡ
ǣôγˡ
ӰİǣͬҲСˣʱǻڶǰζСֳӷŽȥҲûʲôԴӳζζ֮ǾãʲôӦöܺó԰ɡ
ϵģʳȣǸзһʳﻹȾ͸˵ġ
СվڹǰһзŸŪ

⻹з
Сû˵ʲôҧһڣǴζҲзһ
ῴСĶʵôˣó𣿡
ţͦóԵġС˵
ֻҪŵΰͣῴ۹ʳҲ˸ȣŵ
Ȼ֮ǰһ˲ʵϸڴɽʳģŵһ̣ʶҪߡ
ᲢûĻģϵһڵʱ򣬹ѾںڰеŵİǸߡ

109 ˮ

ۼʳҪ, ЩѾ˵ʳҲס֮, ˹ȥͰǻսһˡ
ʱڰֵϷһǵѩ壬ڰִ򹤵Ϣ֮󣬾׼Ϲæˡ
Ķ˵Ҫ𣿡
ʵѩսʿսǺǿģһֱÿսʱѩսʿȽ϶ġ
ѩսʿ̾ǵ, ҵ, Ҫȥæ
ЩܲʶֻҪͬĳ, ҪʱѩͲԹۡ
ȻѾһֻ껢, »ǿԵġ
ô꣬ҲҪȥЩĻǹôôˡ
Żǵã׵ʱ򣬲Ѿˡ
뿪ʱյƶϡͷ·û۵ʱ, û뵽, ѩ֮, ȻѩϢ
ǺѩصģΨһĹ硣
˾ڰ֣ûԼȥ
ΪˣЩÿλأѩѩֵĸҥԼ뿪ʱ졣
ԵĻʱͻɣһֱġ˵ٴѩսʿ롣
ǲʲôǿԶӣһսʿʧܴģ˵ߵѩսʿˡ
ܶԷѾˣԼԼսǱ˱Ȳ˵ġ
ҪˣͲ˵лǺܿϧģϾ磬ûսÿ졣
ٿɡ˵
ȻôˣһʱɣʱٰĽͻѩȥʱ򣬲Ǵ˸𣿡
˿ǰѩսʿ˵Щ᲻óԣ᲻ôǸװŽҵСӣĴĵģҪȥģٶ׬һɣ
Ļ֮ʶڴ
Щ꣬ȷʵ׬˲ٽҵģ֮ǰͻѩصģڰ֣Ҫȥ뿴ˣǰѽҴȥ˼
뿪ѩصʱ򣬻Ǹδսʿһ۵ģһͿҪˣ֪ѩʲôģǲǿԳѩԵñġ
˵ˣҸоʱ䲻ˣȥֿһҵǡ
Ϊѩսʿʱ뿪Ҳûлȥˡ
צѾٷжҲûеݣű˪۾һ˲ʧ䡣
ãûãȼϣûɹ飬Ժѩսʿǲɹ
ֻҪѩ廹ڣһжǺ˵ġ
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ѩսʿתͷۣѩع񷣬һ㶼һգ˵ʱ˵ɡ
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ѩսʿֻԥһӣּᶨΣҪȥġ
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ǰеľӢսʿǴĶȻǲСģȫû˳ǵע⡣
ڵ֪ȫѩʳǵû֮󣬰鳤ϽС㡣
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쳶ûгѩ̣¸ոǵĴ򶷣ٻһƽʱһͱ̬˵ȻϲҪҪǰ֣
ллϣһϲѩصģʺѩ塣С˵
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쳶ʵҲðսʿǴ򶷵ѩʲôģˣṆ̀ҲûʲôȤˡ
С߳쳶ķ֮󣬺һġ
İսʿǣСˣһӾΧ
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ڰΨֱ֮ȻĲﶼܹòǱС۵İ飬ɵģѩصѩûġ
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ǵʱС򣬳Ժһᣬð߻ǹ嶼нӴġ
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ʲôʱԵİ̫ˡһ˵
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С㻹Ǻܿߵ㹤ģҪǣҪŰĿڣ򿪴½ѩʳгʱŪʲôģ׬Ǯġ
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Ļһ˵ĿһɨһƬΧˮйͨİǣÿˡ
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룬Ǿ仰Ǯ׬˵С˫غû˵ʲôȥˡ
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˭֪ôģһ㶼ЩһһģҪԾԼԺˣǲѩʳġ
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Ǽĥĥİ飬ڳ˵һʳ֮Ҳ쳣ˡ
ȻЩûԵİô룬ͲСˡ
Ȼѩǲƺģǳ֮Ҫɾ
ڰ㣬ҧгݵʱһСϢѾðնӷɳѩء
Ƶһð˵ѩʳĺó԰
֮ǰȥѩصʱ⣬Ӧ֪ҴȥѩصģǸʱ̫ˣǵʳûˣŲȥѩصġ
û뵽ѩһܴ··ͲħޣãҲرýħޣȫµģӦѩսʿˡ
ʱҾرľȣҾȵǣǻ·Ūƽˣ
ҵѩصʱǲҿʲô˺ܶķӣ찡Ҽÿķˣû뵽ѩȻҲУҸǣں̻򹤵ʱ򣬶ûпǺõķӡ
ҾȵǣұҪȥѩģǲ£ҿʲôˣĪģѩսʿȥʳãҪɻҪֳԵģô֪ʲôǸɻʲôֳԵİ˺ܶʳҿҿۻңҡȫˡ
ʱСӵĳԱţǲһԶԼ˭ˣĳԣסǶӵǮ
ðǲˣҪǿ԰ϢһѵľƣŲ˵ء
ưɵϰͷðߵһơ
ҹɫУæµһСǿϢˣûߣͼǴ˹ˡ
㣬ոǸǳԵ㣬ǲˮԴЩħẰһ䣬ס׼ȥϢС㡣
ǰħѾˣǲҪҳ԰ⶫãҪġС˵
߽װ᣺
ⲻ֪ã֪ˣôôĲζ
Ҫ֪ǰڳԵʱûô룬º۵òа
Щ㶼ѾܵǵĵˣԼȴΪô˴Ľѩսʿɺ޵ǣӦˣǰѺĶߡ
뵽ȥˮԴţһͲɵóĬˡ
˵ҪʲôݵĻôǸɾˡ
ҪݵϸһĻôͺܸɾˣ

Щѩļһǣ¶ô
һ㷴ڵĻᶼ鰡
˿̵İǱ쵽һݺ͹ͬʹ

111 Ц

Ͱ鲻Ը, ȫ¶֪ġ
ԴӹߵľҪѩʳ֮, һȫǿЦ̬
Ͱֻɫ, ȥѩʳ, һЩֱɵļһġ
ҲЩûϢļһ, ʲôԡһ䵭, ȫǲм
ҿĴ˼¼ˮ, һҪЩһûӸ¼, ʱ򣬺Ǻǡ
֡С۵ļһ, ô˵, ᲻ᡭ, ϶ҶˣͰǵط, ʲôóԵİ, ѩԵģ⣬Сľ, óԵģѩ, һǲ, ȻҪûθˡ
˵ĹԾı, Ͱǵƨ£Ѿˡ
һŵ䵽ϣ档
ʱľѾˣǽȴһûУеƽʱһ
һûеġ
񡭡
кܶྫ˵СеǴѶˮġ
Ҫǣ滹޵
һֺվͷ·ĳЩдڻĶһ㣬޿ɵֿ
ʲôζŵ𣿡һգգ۾ڴʵ
֪Ҵδŵ˵ŰȹĹ黹Щ˵
ʵ̫˰ɣһʵ̫ջˡ
ˣۿСָסˡ
˵İССһ˵ɫˣǿԽȥʡ
ǵľˣһʱڳʳǾԲȥŵģʵ̫ʧˣһԵùûмӣûһڱ˳Զʱŵġ
Ȼ
κ鶼зģ
ִδڹɭֵζһıģбҪȥ鿴һζԴ
ǾԲҪԶ
һڣЩֵʳ档
ĳ£趯۵Ҳʮ˵עΪ̫Ͷˣ洫ʱ΢Ķ仹΢΢һ¡
Ҫϵıȥԣ۴ĸǶȿⶼһʱŮ顣
ζͣſˮ
ڹУǺܴģÿھжһġȻ죬һ㶼ں˭Ӯ˱ֻҪúóԷ
鿴ʵϷǳٵſڣš
ǵĶţٵй¶ǵ顣֪Ϊʲô˼֮ľ黹ûиǿš
ǲܵģȻţսҲǲģڱ˻ûпʱһܹˡ
ǲߵſûӦţû˸ǿš
黥࿴һۣڱ˴˵ж˿϶
ֱӰƷϣȻ󱬷ǿҵĹ⣬һӰŸըˡ
һ
űըһϴĶ
͸ѵĴţ;һˣΪŵ˸Ũм¾ˡ
Ϊ͸ѵĴţͬڲĹ飬˿ЩһĮĿĹ顣
ǣЩͨѶˮǰҪʲô
±һ˲֮ŵĶڵľһ񣬸ЦΪˡ
ڵĹǣ
ȫžڵĹǻ࿴һۣٿ˴˵̬ΪȡˮֶεģǳĬˡ
ȻЩ壬ǣʱ˳ȥĻ˭Ըɵģò׼ǰ棬ܿŵõģ˭ȥεôˡ
һȺһΪصĹǣѡԵĺԼڲŵʵ˭Ը˳ȥ
ۼҶˣ¼Ĺֻÿһתͷ򣺡û£Ÿ޺ú֮ٹɡ
һûʲôҪæİɣȻȥˡ
ǻеʾʾװ۾סڴŻˮ򣬶ðһЩϸܵĺҪǰ涼ѾռˣռһλöûУٲҲҪȥġ
ˣһæš
ǵģ
ҪϳȥĹ˵Ż˵ˣ汻ϳȥˡ
¼Ĺ鿴ѵţ΢΢鴤һǣţһħȥ޺ˡ
ҲûӵģǺ޲ˮԵĲҲ֪ǳȥǾԲȥġ
ˣ°ɡ
¼Ĺ˵ȻǾͰ㡣
ڵõ֮ͬһæкС飬һĵţһ߻겻ˮ
ǿɶİȻڳԡ
Ǹ쵰Ȼһ˰һ̵ⶼԹˡ
̲ˣЩӵİȻѹˡ
ˮһߵĻ棬޲þŮھս֣ЩȫԹѧȥ
һһμӣȻЩɶļһȥ
ϧʵǣܿЩεҧгݣǱ߸óԵĻڳԣֱŰˡ
ǰĹһʼͱŰڶٻѾЩϰˣǿľ̬ûôƽˡ
ҪֲŹߵģҪȡЦؾģǺԼ
ߣСȫ֪ôġ
ҲûȥоôˣȻѩûǾôʮѩ壬ҪǧİʳҲǺҪʱġ
ʼʱ򣬻ֻһģȻûãİԽԽ࣬ԽԽˡ
ҪǸսİԷС²⣬ôһϴİȫҪˡ
ȻˣЩ͵ɽİǣڲϵࡣ
ʼʱߵĳϻܹʲôģԷĳϾˣɫĶһӵĽңѩֻˣȻһˡ
ΪǳϷ֣Ѿеİսʿ͵ϵķˡ
ǳϼҲû
һѩսʿǿŰ鳤ʧķֿС㣬˵㣬ôǲаԡ
ѩսʿ߻ӺʳǰʵЩˣôҪ
СòײŴʳļߣ⸽İ飬ҲЩͷƤ顣
˵֮ǰƺõɶóɣ죬һ죬Ǿͻȥˡ
൹ǲ࣬н׬ǿڻ߿ţſ¶һˬʵЦ
ǣǰԶԲÿžǴŪʳŪҵġһͦŹͭɫļŪѩսʿŲ
죬߲źãͱˣЩ鶼ˣԣҿǸһĻ߻Եģһ⺷ѩսʿܹӹ˴СǱóɡ
ǳѩصʱС峤ҪģҪҸ˳ģֻ÷ڰ߸ڲˡ
ϾǮǸǴүͰСҰ˼磬½ϣҪ˵Ǯ˵У϶ǰġ
ǲģѩڵԶûеܵĵز
С㿴۸ιʳİսʿǣһɫ׼ֱˡ
òͨ飬Щ۾ϣʲô۵ĹˣȻ뷨ġ
ȻͨԼߵŬʲôʱڲǺģʱҪĺܾá
С㶨˶ذѱõɺʳﶼóˣѹС㣬ȻˣҲû취飬ʵڹ
С׼ʽֱʱ򣬹ɭǱߣΪѶѾһ󲨵Ĺˡ
Щ黹ȵסϾǴͷģЩѾҪսˡ
ǶͳһĶԼռŵλã۾ĿСССѩ̣վ˼¼ˮǰ
ѩСҪʲô
֪ǰһֱԵģЩѩսʿĶûһ˺áҲܺóԾˡ
ôóҼǵѩûʳģϲѩζʵ̫ˣҶû˼ȥЩѵˡ
ٲȥЩԼţǸҪٲȥǸӣ²Ҫܳȥˡ
˵һŸոյζǸô˵ţǲ˵Թζʳʲôζ
ͰǱߵĿ񻶲һߣʹһģ򵥵˵˻ǣüŵü׼Բ
ǹҫģ񱻰һζˡ
Լ
һǱӵİѩƭˣǴ̹ȥͶˣʵǹɭֱȰָʺ̵ĳɳġ
һŵĹ鿴ǱߵĿԺȣֱ̬Ҫַըѡ
ҾбҪѩ֪õѣʺϵѡ
ҪѩЩ뺷潻ѣڵѩڲǹġðǾܹˣʱҲҪЩǺúõĿС
ǰʲôʹļף֪ˣ֪һ죬ҵʱͲѩսʿˣһٲ˵ڻûȥѩԵġ
һ׵ĹϵıʵǹڸˣͲѩսԹģѩսʿһһΡ
Ҫܵѩѩȥѩ֡
Ĺ飬ʹļš
ԱߵĹ鿴Լĺѣң̫ˡ
칦֮Ҫȥѩѩˣٺ١
ڹ˵ʱСѾˮ˵˺ʵλˣȻֻṆ̀ѩҲͱһ㣬ǺͲġ
СûȥԱӵİǣרе飬˳ˮڷŵѹۿλá
Ȼʱĳȥ©һ㶼ڴʳ飬ǣʱ򻹻һֻ̡
С㿴ֻɿܽİû˵һôవһֻ۾һֻ۾ûܣܻȻе㱾µġ
ѩ̣ܸһԵ𣿡Ǹֵֿ̲֮̿סʵ
ǣ
ŰǸ뵽ոԼ͵Եĵʳʱ̲סһ¿ˮ
С㿴Щ֣̽Եİһȥ֮һӵģ˺üֻ֣ԡ
˵İʳŵ֮ŵ۾һҸӡ
֮ſ۾˲źˣͣôһ㰡
˳ʳθһӾûˣҰһᣬͷϻζʱ̲סҰ͡
ǸʳζǳǳԵ̫ˣƷζһ¾ûˣ֮ڴĿС㣬Ҫԡ
ûüڣͱԱ޿̵İסѣȥˡ
ȥһ˲䣬Ǹһӱ˺ü顣ЩǱ갵칷һȥˡ
Щ갵Ǹ֮׵˳ȵȳԡ
ڼɣ
ʲô
ǲ֪
갵ûʲôмʲôйأ
ǿôĺóԵģһĶ˳ȥ̬ǷַҪ
֪ЩǶóԵζ
óҲ֪
Ͼ˭ҵʳóܹڿһ˲䣬Ӿȫʧ飬ԣ벻ʲôʳԱ⡣
ʵܲˣЩ쵰飬ҾˣҪϹȥ
ģҲ̲ˣȥǸ쵰ҵĹݣھҪȥˣǱġ
ҺǸ齫ԼˣҪһµġΪ˹һӮģǵҡ
ȵȣһȥȥǸ鳤Ϻһûˡ
ңߡ
һȺҲˣ׷״˳ճֻԱĵطһ߳˼ٸ顣
Ⱥ棬й齫鳤ϡսʿ֮ܶྫӡ
ܿģЩĴ͵˰ߡ
ȻҲǲƴֵǴֶҲǾܹõģַսڣ񽫾г϶ʲô˵ء
Ǻõģʵепˡ
Ͱ鲻Ըʷǿ׷о忪ʼʱԹһ뵽ĵ̣ͱİΧסˡ
ʱѩҲæ׼ѩˡ
ȻҪ·ȥЩƤѩսʿ˵ûʲôϵСֻ̣ҲӦǿȡ
һѩսʿʰʱһ޳ӰСǰ
һ£紵ĺڷʱϡܹ˫ߵ۾СȻЩҹǻòԵ΢Ц
ôˣʵ
Ҫ߾ͿߣС·ǲߵġҹͷβ꣬ЩŤ˵꣬ʧҹɫУͷ·δаֹһ
û£߰ɣǻȥ
Сһ£ûзӦͱ㡸һסڸ첲¸ˣ˲ͻ˴׻
ʮѩսʿǣżҵںҹȿš
紵֣Ҳ·ûгֹѩһ㣬ԭؿյġ
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112 ͬʹ

ҹɫ, һѩɿĸ·š
Ǳߣ뿪ú, Ҳѩˡ
ܿ, Ϊ׵İʹһ, û, ȻصİսʿѾȫյϢˡ
Ǹܴĵط, ͨ, Ǻһ߳ȥ, ˵סŵĳð, ȫǰˡ
ܿ, һСӾͷѩټ
һ, ˲ͰϢͳȥˣøİսʿ뿪ķ׷ȥ
ѩܵúܿ, κطǰϳ, а飬ϿյʱһȺѩǰ
ѩ, ǶһЩӣǰֵΪ׵İڹʱѾյ˳ϵޱҪЩѩǡ
Ϊȫǰ龫Ӣսʿ˵Ϊ˷ֹİ龫Ӣսʿ·ϡ
Ϊ齫, Сκ, Щսѩսʿǡ
ǰѩĻֻڵʱ, Ҫʮѩսʿ˵ΣѩĻѾʧܾˣǵʵһܷһȽϡ
οѩľӢսʿҲ͹ˣڶవ龫ӢսʿΧ£ܲпȥӦˣͺ˵ˣϾģȫǰ涥һˣѩʵҪҲֵǹץˡ
ܸʲôܵӣܰһѩµĻôԵģԺ󲻹ܸʲô˵óԵģҪֵģͻи˼밵ˡ
һ˲䣬齫˼Ѿתܶˣο˽˵ҲϣʱԵζʳģϾǴδй飬Լطȫûеġ
е壬Ҳûʳ
ԣһҪѩģ
齫վڰ龫Ӣսʿǵǰ棬Ŷѩ壬˼Ǻܼġ
ҪȥˣѾܾˣ´ٹɣѩͰԶѡߵǰ˵
ⲻУѾ˵ˣһҪǸȥ
齫Ȼ¼򵥵˵ѾǷŲߵ⣬ǸЩѩôͻȥǻȥҲӦķʽ
Ϊٸλ齫ʱǵñȾӢսʿҪöһ㣬Ҳô꣬λӻȵԭ
ǱҪȥˡ
һʱ䣬ʱǰѩǻȥ
ۼ˭˵˭ˣ濪ʼ龫ӢսʿǸһɫ䱸½ϣû˻СѩսʿĹ̫
ǲأ
ǾͲˣѩһǵġ
һ·סһ㣬ΧƮȫΣյźš
齫Ӣսʿʹ˸Ҫ֣Ȼ׼жʱּͻȻһĻХ
ЩϤ
齫ţͼǰһӰǰӰأһֱͦĺӡ
ѩսʿѩһߴͷӲƤɫϳ˽׳ļ⣬Ϣ֪ʮֵĲǡ
ڣһŭݵĿŰǣЩСһǶ˱仯
ֻǣǣѩսʿЩ찡
齫ţĿⲻĴǷ֮ϵıʱһ
ˣ齫۾ԾͻȻֵѩսʿ
ⲻǵɱ˻ʣɱɹ˵Ǹѩ
ʱֵúܴҪѩսʿʵȺʮֱ㲻õЩӺѩȨ߻Ҫһı׹ˡ
˻ҲǻãҪǵѩ潻Ѳ˻ȸˣѩδػ䵽ز
˵ʬɽѪٮٮߣϵѪˡ
󣬰齫Ҳһ˿һķˣһɣԼЩӢСǣҪԼҵˡ
ҪҵǸʲô˵
紵֣ͷ·𰵾齫˿̵顣
Ҫģʲôˡ
վǵǰ棬Щ飬ЩӣԶѩصģûգҲԶȥɹġ
οҲûãѩǱܻҪ˵ġ
齫
ֵܣ˵ˡ
ۼŵԽԽΣգ齫æ˵ͱǵѩѵģϾҪӰֳȥǲģˡ
İ龫Ӣսʿǣ
ոմԶϹİ龫Ӣսʿǣ
ŮϣǻɽͶˣ֤ȷ䣡
ʱ½½Ѿвٰ龫Ӣսʿǹˡ
Ȼѩǿڰʮİ龫ӢսʿУǲġ
ٺ޳ܣҲѩǵ㶫ڲһٴİҲ֪ѩЩֻõôķչ
͹ɭֱȻͬḻǡ
ɶãҳĶһ㶼ǱȽƫŵġ
˰ŮͳһֱΪηչԼαȹɭֶò׿ϣˣߣһߣëҲóġ
ǣԭΪʮþȵ飬ѩһʱ䣬ͻȻðôһ
齫ʱͷˣЦ˵ᣬֻͱǵѩѵġ
Ļ˵꣬мֱİ˳
ǽӵӵģһ˽ýİսʿŭ
ûҪѩġһոճİ鲻˵Ű齫ֱڿһͽһ
ǲߵڰ׵ģڷ龫ʮ
ؾ壬㡭
ԽԽİսʿǿʼˣǿŰ齫񣬶е㲻һˡ
ڲǼƽʱ򣬰齫Щ쵰ǵĻˣ޲ܶסǵ͡
ۼѩԽԽˣĵıЩӵ߰ɡ
ϣܹܺǡЦһѩսʿȥ
齫⸴ӡ
龫ӢսʿǣͶˣ֤ȷ䣡
ۼԼҵѾڴˣ齫˵Ұֵ㣬ֲֻһ۾һ·˭š
Ц
ôһֻԼҴӪһСŮɱô죡
齫˿̵Ӹˣû뵽ΪѾ˵ˣȻţһĳǵİ֡
齫̾˿˭
Ƕϡ龫Ӣսʿ˵
ˣȥɣܲġ齫˶˵
龫ӢսʿŽӳĬģʾֲǵļңԺȥѩѩأҲûкýġ
齫ղһû챻ˣתͷŭȺոճľӢսʿǣƫƫһĻȻӣʱû˵Ǹҳ۾ոǸ˭һٶǰǸ˻ʱɱ첻̶ͬȱ˵ͨǲǵã
Ҳ˵ʱû棬ȻѩͰָܺúദȻҲԭģѩغͰһˮԴѩػڰͷ⵱ȻܲͲˡ
ʲôģٴİҲɵģϾѩˣʵˣӲҲûʲôùӳԡ
һʼĿҪѩǣԼѧٰ֮˸Żȥȵõ˺ôֲѩ嵼ͬھ
ǺõģʵǺʵģǾǣаհЩѩ£˵ǣȴû뵽ͻȻģðһѩĴ档
ǵģ档
ôһոճѩžӢսʿͰ½÷ӿġ齫ӡ
˿̰龫ӢսʿҲˣո뿪Ǹѩ˭
ÿսʿǲ֪ǰЩģŰ齫ѩսʿ棬Ҳ곤ġ
ʱаȻ򣬡Ǹѩţ
Ǹǰɱ˻ʣɵˡǰɣȻ
˲˵ڴΧġһ곤İ鲻˼˵ѩȫʢʱڵʵǿνŷɥһǧܵС

Ѻһ곤İ龫ӢսʿҲˣѩſսϵңǰӢˣֻԶԶĿһۣ񲻸ǵꡣ
ûŮŶŮϣ˻ȥˡ
곤İսʿµʱҲѯ˭
ѩʲôˣ֪𣿡
˭ǰ˵
ңҺ֪ǰ˵ǸѩĺˣǸ˻ʲǱѩ𣿶ˣֱӳȥɱһε˻ʣǱߵڻ
һȺ˵һϣûǸϵͼİ鳤ҲѾĬķˡ
龫Ӣսʿǣ
齫ȥڰ鳤ϵǰ˵û뵽ˡ
ѩҪˡ
ƽȻϲģⲢûӣ෴ûӵҲϳϵλӡ
ЩϧһǱѩ뿪ķ̾˿
ûǰķˡ
ͬʱ峤Ǳ߿ŵӰͬ㲣ڰ֣µİҲȥˡ
һ·ϣѩǳͨţûһġ
һߡ
ڱ߽İһӵĿЩ顣
Щ˵ʲôţеΣеѣеݡ¼ԱֱˣҪѱʸˡ
ľˣ⡭
ʲô
̧ͷȥǸһĹ黹ڴŰֵ
ǰ֣¼İͷʵ
ĹͷԵ΢΢ս۾һ⣬˵ѩ⣬Һݡ
¼İͷ˵ǺǰѾǹˣ߶Ǿ顣
һȻʱĿڣĪѩݣ
ŭʵѵ㲻ãҪѣҲҪ˵õ밵黹ͬԴġ
Ĺһ̧ͷ˵ôаݣ
ѵΪ˵ԼѩݣҾ𣿡¼İҧгһһ˵
ѩ̺òã
ϵİҺѩһóԵݣáĹ鵱ãֱ׳˵š
ڸ¼İҪӵʱͻȻһ𴫵Ϣİ顣
˼󣬱ʾ֪ˡ
תŹʱ˵ǻȥѩѾȥˡ
ôһĹ飬ʱǿŮˣ˴϶ٵĹˡ
ʲôˣĹǲš
òǲŹѾ׼˳ԣԣ׼ˣҪѩһι꣬ѩȥˣ
һ˲䣬鳤ϡ齫ǣ쵽һͰ鳤ͬʹǺòײŹģ
ԣȥҲͦõġ
Ͼܹȥ
ɲǼ䣬Ի·ĹϾˣոʱжôѺãھжôĲѺá
ߣͰǱûѺʲô顣
ǣһڹǺƺƵƺƵˡ
ֻһǰٴУһ±Ƶİ飬ҲܿͻعˣŭüŭĿš

ǺƺƵȥֵʱ򣬿һûţΪҲûʲôģǲʲôľ飬Щ޼һ㶼һ
ڹȥʱ򣬺ܶڹɭð߶ˡ
ߵðߺͱ𴦵ĲһΪڴ½ĵλԼߵԴкܶ಻ͬطͬ岻ͬĿĵðڵġ
˹ôһߣʹȥˡ
˵ѩóԵжóԣҳԹóԵľǱˣʳģҾҪˮˡһŴ绹㸻еƽð˵
ҳԹóԵһ⣬ζǲ֪ŶԱߵһð߰ϵˮ˵
ǳԹôõģôȥѩ壬ǲѩѧʲôڸӵľ岻ʵ
ѩĴв˵似𣿶ǵĻѾ˰ĴУ
һʨһͷˮǰ˵ѩʲôԵģãֵû棬ѩʲôóԵİ
֪ѩҲǵùڣġ̫˰ɣ⼸ƴҳԵģȻ汻ǸҵʲôóԵˡһȽŵð˵
ð߷׷׿壺
ѩ嶪˻˻˻ϣѩҲ⵽¾ûзֿûһܵսʿһһѪʮѩսʿսףսһˣսҲõ췭ظ
鶪ֻʣ֮һԴǵ˱߹ֵһһľڹŮ쵼£շΪʤȫԱס˹ѵ˴˹ɭ֡
ʨ屻Լҵĵ̣һһʨսʿС嶼ͶˣǻڳţʨľӢսʿˣҲûЭûͶսš
ܵرϮ䵽˵УǰʧȥĵһһĶһֻֻӮսۡ
һ˭ϳǾܣܲ˾Ͷ
顢ʨ塢壺һﵽţԼѩǿ
ѩء
ѩס棬һèðͣһɫرһ̲ǰ
յϢһѩѩֳһǡңڣҪƮһ㡣
ĿǰĲݡ
˵ǲǳòһģôһǰˡ
Ͼһ֪ǲһġ
ѩ׵è˵Բ۾ɫĳź̵Ĳݡ
ò˵ݿˣͦÿġ
֣һƬҶӣ˳ְҶ·ϲ˲֮󣬰Ҷӷŵ
ʵģҧˣҧˣ˳ȥ
ͷӴ֭Һһ˲䣬ЩЩȣûи뷨è˾͵˵ϣǻûüȫСҶӣҲ˵ϡ
һߡ
Զһֻѩ̻ϲϲı˹
ǰֻЩðߺܻѩ鷳ϾҪǻҪʬģȻ̫Ӱ컷ˡ
ڸոգˡ
峤ں˵£ԴסǸè˰Ϣȥ֮󣬾Ͳϵèܹؼǣ֮ǰҲûдǼһƾԼдġ
ڵڣǾܹЩðߵѩסլΧ
ЩЩһҲǹļģʾҳԶҪʺãЩðǸͳŲѩ˷ǣ͸ʲôȻˡ
ԴӸոͺöˣ˵ˣ֮Ǵ£ҪǮߡ
᳿Ǳߵڵϵèˣ۾ģͷߵ˵죬ñȥ
໣ǵġһֻԲӣſһСøˡ
ңǽң̫ˡ
ֻѩ̼仰Ĺ򣬾ܵǸصèߣһ˵ףĲݶҳԡ
˵ˣǿȥȻٿûбĽҡҪæĿжðߡ
ûѩˣԲҪ˵òģ
ᳲ˵꣬ͺһһһطè˸ϻȥˡ
ող̤ѩأûţǱ߻ϲϲ˻ҵĻữεǡ
ţӸӵĿż㡸첲滹ûб㡭
ڵ̶ô𡭡
ϼһе˰

113 ع

ⱲԸǸѩ塣
뿪˲, ȥѰһᡣ
Խ˽ö࣬Խ֪, ѩǲܵ, ͷָˣûϣѩ
ֻҪѩϵĵʲô
Ϊ֪Щ, ڸûָ£Ż뵽ȥɱȨ, ֻҪǶ˾ͺá
һε˻ѾǵǸˣ˭˵, һѡֵĿ꣬˻ʡ
֮Ͳô˳ˣȻҲɱ˲, ȴûͬ˻һλĵȨߡ
뵽, һ˿ʧ, Ȼ˿ʧ仹ûг£Ŀ⻮ǻϲϲҪ׬ҵĻữεʱ, еʧָֹסˡ
龰, ʵûа취ʧȥ
Ҽǵǲ֮ǰ˺ü, ʱȥҪˡһԲĻữε˵
, ңң
, Ѻõѩ, Ҫѩ岿䡣
Щ̵ͶС, Ծ̧һèˣҲ̧һϢһµģƫƫǵִǻϲģûҲ̲סҪһ׬ҡ
ޣûҲ̲סҪһȥȿжðߡ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿЩữε̣Ϣ˼̧֮èˡ
ʱ峤ҲֺǺǵЦˡ
Ÿոջţ˵Σںǰһˣߵʱ򣬲ﻹʱʱĳϵ⣬ͲˣֻѩԳԣսʿһһĻĽ٣Ƕǹȥˡ
ڲһˣѩ׬Ǯһ㶼٣ʱҲˣ·Ҫˣ޺úһͱøȫˣʵСðߺҲԹԺ˾ԽԽˡ
峤ô˵ʱһοĿ۸ոձµ㣬˵¸·Ժ󣬻ҪҪסǶˣٰ꣬Ϳ԰Ǹˡ
ſԼĺѣǧ˵ͷ˵š
ûд׵ĻԣĿĿ۲Ǳߵķӡ
ǺķӣȻסķҲõĹηʱƤûˣʱһ꣬ѩʱ˱һ𰤶
֪ѾǼˡ
ѩҲһЩŪҪ˲ٵĽҰɡ
ͺˡ
Ѿܺˡ
뵽ո뿪ԲĻữεǣϷŽҵĴӣȡݸ峤ף˵Щ׬ģˣʹˡ
峤׾Ŀһӽң˵ôࣿ
ѩܴһҶǺõˣŴģ֮¿˵Ƿǳˣǲҵ׬Ǯİ취Щȫһ·Ĵڡ
Ľж׬Ǳκ˶֪ģ׵۾΢΢ЩʪܹܵڽŵԼȻײȥŵ۾֪СѾҪߵͷˡ
Ȼȥֻһ̬Ȼʲôû˵Ȼǵһģûеʱ򡭡
סеıʹ˵ͺãЩǵķӣֲֻסķӣˣͽ˸ϡ
⻰ĿһʵЩԼķӣǸۻ߻ҳЩˡ
ǣǸǵģˡô˵ʱ򣬻С壬ܸš
С㵹ûʲô˵ģ΢Цűʾһ£Ͼֳϻ˵Ҫġ
⻰ĿһС㡣
̬˼ȷˣʲôôһεѩ峤ȻδС̡
˵ʵһ·ûаѶĿС̵ϣ˸·ʱ䶼ôѩ巢飬Լ
Щһ˵ڵӹúܺãΪЩǼٵģϾѾôˣ˭еء
ÿʮЦ˵Է⣬סĵطܺã궬첻ΪʳסʱãЩ˵ľ֧ĴǵĻ롣
񡭡
żȵ¶ЦݣСͷ˵úܺá
ľٶİС㵱ɿԳĺ󱲵ģС˼ڱʾ˵ʧְԼ
ü䣬ЦϲЩġ
𣿡һ㶣ЦݸˣЦ˵ģѩ̡
ˬʵЦ΢紵Զ
ŴЦţЦЦˣɴĲ۽ǻˮȴϣ
ѩ廹Ļġ
Ͼڵ̶ôŬˣͷôܹء
ţһȥ
Խ߽䣬ĿеĴԽ
ԭкܶķӣԭߵðҪңԭ˶룬ԭ
ĸ̾ԭ붼ͻȻŵһ˺õζ
峤ˣת˵ȥҵطϢһҪһ¡
ոЩǴĽңǰ͵ȥˣкҪҪġ
뵽峤Ŀתˣոһ·ܹȥģԾèɵһèˡ
ЩȵèΪɲݻûߣʱҪǮĺʱ
峤׻ְĿתˣ⸽èˡ
Сһ֪峤Щʲôǰһ㣬ǳ۱ɲݵĵˣèð߶⸽ǡ
ش󣬶ûս´
СһѩսʿǣҲûţûмлÿ˶Լ飬ǻữεǣҲҪԱģ͸˵Щսʿˡ
Ǻ˵һ֮󣬾͸ȥˡ
ÿѩսʿǶæţ˭ûпյӣʵϣֻҪ˭һĻǶѩϳðǻǸĹԵġ
һ㶼һ£ѩսʿǵѪڣԼǷצ
ֵģĿǰûľ㡺ԼСˣΪСǸոջ̣Ȩģûū̵ϰߣ෴ģǰǴøɻġ
ҪţĿǰЩᡣ
ʲôԭ򣬶ǲʵ̫ˣſźá
Щ治ǰģһ¾Ϳ㡵ľᣬ˵飿
ǻһЩû꣬Ҫһȥ°ɣʵ
áŶڸɻһûУϾ֮󣬾һֱڸɻġ
ǣոջص䣬ûüԷֱӱȥմظɻˡ
ΪεմɶˣǴȥȡġ
ʼӴճɵΪɫΪգСݼ䣬ú졢סڵȻͼҤƺƸ棬Ʋա
ԻΪմɣܻӭģչƷǺգڱ絰ǶӲȽһףй⡣ĹؼճɺڣҤͬʱˮҤѬ̼
һһĺ˵Ųմɵ飬ŵ˵˵øõģӵĺÿͼӲá
Ŀǰմǲ׬Ǯģ㡵ȻϣԽԽõġ΢΢ЦЦ˵ʵ˵ر⻬룬ְ׵úƯģõĻҪƯ룬ҪˣһҪСĵͲǣĿ϶ڵĸࡣ
Ÿ㡵ߣһһ˼š

114 ǡ

Сص, Ȼǲû¸ˡ
ڸûеʲôܵʱ򣬾Ҫ, Ҳǲܵ, Ҫȥ֪Щ˻ء
Ҳû, ȥ峤ס
Ȼ˵ֻǻһ, СŸͲǸͨĻӰ
ǳЩɵ, ԼôֵĹɹʵ㹻ȥİȫȷˡ
Ͼ˭սҲûһλ㰡
Сĺܼ, ҲȥѲʲô, ʵ̫С, ȻˣǻӱϾǻ, Ҫʵڲ, ŪһµĴоˡ
˵ĶѾ, ۾ʵڿľŵһºսˡ
ܿ, Сڽͷ峤ס
ѾΣһֻè, צӵѹһֻè, β滹һֻè
С, ۾һ˿ɻ
èڵϣһֻצӰס֮峤˵£
šСĵһͷ
ȵȣҪǮ峤˵꣬͵ͷĿһè
èĿһǾԹԽˡ
ֱ̫Ϊèˣ˭֪èҪǮˣѩ壬ǻû취طһ˸
èڽ˽֮͹ˣûã½ϵè˾Ͷ֪ˣѩСˣͰһСǾȻè˽Ǯ
ʱС峤ǲ֪ġ
ۼ峤˽ҺС̽˵峤Ѿˣʲô
峤׳Ĭһ˵·ǱȱˣֵصҲȱзӵĽ裬С
һȦʱͷˣ̫ȱˣ̫Ϊѻˡ
С㿴峤˵һȦû˵ȫ⣬ǿڵŸսʿǵѵɣ
У̫˷ˡ
峤ҡҡͷʾУʱᵽõĺô⻰붼;ܾˡ
ڹô̶࣬ϳˣãһսʿôܹȥսأǲҵǽвǺû
ǵĲԽԽðʱ򣬱ǵô죿
С˵ţ˶˵һð죬һأ
СĻո£峤׵ɫͱˣĺɲǼһ£Ȼ˵ԣһᰲȥ
õģȥˡС΢Ц
峤Ŀ⸴ӵĿţǰûȸߵ̣˵ȥȥɡ
С˵ˣϾкܶҪģϴѩ淢֮һֱҪӸˡ
ʵӵ÷ܶģߣһʳ
ҪǵĲϾͲҲҪɽС
ڸ±ȥϾܹﵽˣĹӷõá
⻹ڻ·ϣ㡽ģѩԼκˮûҪȥΣ˭ȱˣʯͷ¾ˡ
ЩʱС۾ˣǲҪΣ岻Ҫΰ±ֽ±ǽˮκˮκγڵĸҺȴȻþᾧγɵ±飬±ƿ±±ˮ
±ǶĴͳ̼±ˮΪ±ˮʹҺ±̼ƳɵĶӲȡԺԽǿΪ϶
뵽С°ͣţҪҸѶҲϰ

̾һ
Ȼ˻̫ˣðҪСҪҲ֪
Сʱһڹˡ
ƽŵòеĹ飬۾һ㼱С
ⲢܹǵģϾ˭ôãеܲˣǻǹ⿴ţǿõŵõǳԲ
ôãɱȥ֣ǽˣѩûˡ
ΪУƮɢζ
ǿҪԷʱˣȻǻûлðҲûнʳãѩͿʼˣϾҪȵǻʱҲǲġ
ȻѩصʳûķḻǹǲʷＦãԼʷＦļ㣬źСͽ˺üˡ
Ĳ˵ǲʷＦܳԵľͶˣǽлͲзɼΟhȵȡͷĹǾ鳤֮һ˿ſеζһӾϳˣʲôζʲôζ
۾΢΢һ˵û
ûԥģһɱ˳Ҳֻոյ˳ſڣͱסˡ
סǵģС㡣
ѩ̣߿ҪȥĳϿǰСһ˵
ǳصأǲܽȥġСյ۾˵
Ȼ鳤⻰ʱüͷ˵Էġ
С㿴˿˵ԷҪȵģĿǰֻṩסѩصðʳ
⻰󣬹鳤ϻסĹѾסˣĹʵô죿ǾǹԷġ
Сȵľ仰ովߵ⸽ڵĹҪʲôʱסˡ
Ҳû˵ٻģĿǰѩ̫ˣɢɻ֮󣬷ڳ治࣬ôʮˣѩ˿ڵĿûжˡ
鳤ȻҲ֪ôµģû˵ҲĿŵСϡ
ʵҲǲԵģѩÿ͵塭ԸǸɻĻԸṩӦʳġ
С˵ţ˼ַһʳӹʣȫɺóԵġ
һĬ󣬺ʵģѡ˵ڶ֡
ȻȴʲôϲͶ壬иڶַĿٻǴ˵㻳ɵġ
ƫƫ͹˵ѩ峤û˵ǵĿ͸ӵĸˡ
ǵ̿˵㻰𣿡
ǹ鳤ʻˣǲ˵ĻģϾÿܹ˵ˣδ̡
ʱѩ峤ҲˣȴƺĬǸ̵Ļòʲô˼ˡ
峤ױڳЩӦôС㿪ں󣬶ʱһˡ
ðӦ
˵ţѩԸдԶѡ
ôҪʲô鳤ʵ
˵ĹϵħˣܰѸٴһҪֳܶࡣ
СһĨЦȻѸٴӿڴóƶٶȿþͺԤıһ㡣
⻰鳤ϵеˡ
ӵĿСһۣȻһһ·ǶԼҪģѩЩ˸֪ǻ
˵ҲˮߴϢʲôģѩǸܵģһû˻ͨ籨ţһǣǸˮ
뵽鳤ϵɫ΢ÿһ㣬ĵɨһССĻɫӣ˵Щ𣿡
ǵģԵĻϣֳһĶС΢ЦŹ˵
鳤ԣɫ˽ǰѩ̣Ц¶ٿѩ峤ȫûзԵ˼
Щѩ²ǾǵĹ֮ǰ׵õİɡ
ôĶ˵óڣҪǸ鶼ܴӦ
һʱȫž
ֻлữεѩǣһжèˣСȣ󻶻ϲϲ˹ȥ
ǡ
鳤Ҫھܾһ֪ˣħΰħһӵ飬ӦúܺýİɣʱһʢʳúõĿλġ
Ǹֻûгѩ̡
鳤ԭҪᶨܾģ⻰ĬĬ˿ҪܾĻǺðɡ
ȻھͿʼɣ
СЦ˵꣬ͰѶսʿӰ˳ƽǸʳķַģǶʳóԷ󣬾ͺһֳˡ
ȻⲻСϳԭǰСڹʱ򣬾Ͱ˳·ӰˣΪľڡ
ΪսʿӰѧõģ
ѩǶͶõ壬ÿ˶һģΪŬľܳԵĸõģǰѸĳɹǵսʿӰǼһ£ǻᷢӦʳġ
С⻰һʱо鿪оǳˡ
Ȼÿ鶼ϵħеľֲͨеĲͨͱ磬齫˿ſϻһ˿Ȼ
ѵɺ
ѩ岻ֱӳģ
齫⻰һ˿󣬲ܿûʱˣΪСѾȥһܿķ棬ʼˡ
緹ҪʼˣҪúŬҲ߳ԵġСվſڣ΢Ц˵
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôֻã洵ķ硭
е

115 

ȻһֹѾоԾ, ʱҲûüϸ롣
Сȥڻѩ峤ڣѾǸ¼Ķϱսʿ
鳤ϵĿһ˵ȻˣǾͿ㿪ʼɡ
ѩ峤ӹǼɫ, Ȼȿʼ߷
һ˵ڱȽֲϵ, ҲǶŹɭֵĳͷһΧĴˡ
Ǵû, һѹӲϡ
ǵġ
ʱĹ鳤Ѿѻƶһֲ
ûмֱֶӾ͹Ӳ, ϾֲһⲨûУǾʵʵڵӲˣǲ֪, ѩҪֶʲô
˵Ҫȥţ
һ˲䣬鳤Ѿֲﵽҩ֮Ķ˸, ָһһˣⶫĴѶȣǸʵʵڵӲˡ
ǴɭֵĻûôٷ, ɼֲ֮ǿˡ
ϲô, ϵӾȫˡ
ܿ, Ĺ´ĳ, ÿһ, ûã棬ҫŹϵħů⡣
峤ޱվһߣأȻַӡ
ڼҲûйĹʣˡΪ峤ֻһۣ֪Ǹʶġ
ûϵѩѩ嶼ܳԣһ֪ûģǴûãҲԹൽȥ
ȫŬš
ʱƣԽԽ㣬ؼǻðߺѩ
벻Ҳû취ʵ̫˷ˡ
ϲŵѩĽлζ˰̫ˣҳԹóԵʳˣѩû
ֵܣͲ˰ɣǰ֮Ǿû߹ɱ͸оˣǲ֪ѩóԵĶȥˣǺʻɿڡζҳô컹ǽסջںǰ
ǸʷＦȹûɫɸɾģһ㶼ûѪζǰԵĶһҲûǸɶζֻвʷＦζǲ̫ˡ
˵ЩðǲèľǼ˱ɵĲˮĲÿʳֻһ㣬һкܶ˺ɶǣЩɲṩƵèģЩǮè
ѵǲѩĿȫúܺóôԶԲġ
ԽԽˣŶ䣬ĵ͵ʱһŹˡ
ûˣûˡ
̵ģеĹǶŵķ۾һ˲ķŭ
ڳԲ˽һҲð
ЩǹǱʶ뷨һŵĹ˵ǷŭǸѩŵ̫ˣŵ̬ʵڲš
ǾûΪԲ¶
һ£ͻͳԵˣڡӰ˿еĻƶ˵ԵôͿǵˡ
ֻ붮
˼ǴӶ࣬ǾͳԵúã٣ǾͳԵòû٣
һ˲䣬еĹʼͷԼˡ
ǲͣĴš
һֱ֪ʱ˼ѩսʿ˵ѩĺѹѾ׼óԵˡ
鳤һ⻰һ˫۾񣬼ѣѾ׼ˡ
謵˵ͷ˵ʱ˵ǴӵģչأǾԲŬûгɹģṩԽˣѡʳԽá
ٵأһ˲żʵ
Ǹսʿǹ齫µģۿľһĶǿֵ˹ؼʱ̣Щսʿʵ̲ˡ
Ȼ齫ǲʵģսʿǵĵȼָвͬȥԼˡ
謿˿ʵĹ飬ȵһ˵ˣΪ˷ֹ̫ܴ췴ӦʵĹġ
ѩ岻ʲôܻܺĵˣǵЩսʿ̫ܲóѺѡõġЦ˵
ڴһ֮ô֣Ǿǹڲìˣ֮ҪѩǺõˡ
謵Ļ󣬹ԼĳɹȥǼˡ
ǼģҲûȺľ飬ֱӾȥʳǱѡˡ
ŽʳãǵľͻΪкܶĲ˿ѡ񣬶ҿȥÿܺóԵӡ
ˣһû뵽ǳԵıǻࡣ
ǣеҲУûе߻УŮϣ㰡
Ǻ㰡֮ǰԵô㣬ҲһҪϣ
ҿȫˣ
Һŵһرֵζʲô֮ǰڰûŵһ̽Ŀһ˵
ڹǰѩսʿ棬˵Ķлϵħĸо
𣿡⻰Ĺʱ۾˵ҾҪˣҪԡ
ѩսʿչӣ֣˵ݣҪ٣뻹ǵȥѡģ
ѡģѡģһҪԺܶ࣡æ˵Ϊ̫ˣ˼ҿԼˣ˵Ű̬ʵãƽʱҲиʲôġ
ѩսʿЦЦѾװõģһľͷϵ˹ȥԺҪѩ氡
úúãһæ˵
ҪлʲôӲιιιû˭һһ°
ûսʿҪҴ㣬̫ңҾͰ֣ҪôܳԵõİ
໣֪һҪúѧˣҪΟhҪҳСҪô࣬ô࣬Ҷˣֻݣ
˵Ĺ黹û˵꣬Ͳ֪˭͵͵һ£ҪǷӦ죬ϵӶҪĸĵľ˳ˡ
ƫƫѸ֮ѾҲǰǸĻ쵰ˣ
ſ˭ɣѸٵģܵѩǱȥԵˣѡҪûˣ˸ˣǲĿˡ
֮ΧлֲĹ飬۾ȫһ˿ʧ䡣
һһǼǹĹÿιһСľȻͬѡͷԣ
ȹȫ֮󣬻ûϢûŵĽ̸ûҫûͱӰ֮ǰĹˡ
ȻЩϰôܼʱ䰲ţҰһͣﻹôζζһģȫһǰѺͬ˵ĻһۣȻͷȥˡ
Ϊ
ǰԷʱҲȫõģʶĹȥ䷹
͵Եģ
ڽ֮ǰǺǹҲ飡
ڲЩʱϻһΣҪʱ䵽֮ǰһӲǡ
ȻϵʱٿԼۿѡʳʱ򣬳һ˵һģ̫ˣ
ΪԹΪΪʱȡ֮еĹ鶼ǳڷܹš
ʱ䣬һֱϡ
ӱ򿪵ߣڣľħĹһ˲ѡ
ˣˣˣѾ׼ˣȥԷɡӰڵǼ֮˵
ʵ磬ͳȥԷˣΪȸ͸֧Щһõ֮һȺȥ
Уһص̵̬ЩŲסˣĴӹĵطʳȥ
ҪǣûʳãǾ˰Ǹѩ̡
һϲõĳŹӣе㣬е˵Ĺ֣ģͷ·ǿʳʳһ㡣
ûǰĹ鿪ڣǾһħһ̫ˣһһȻ磬ܲܰס£ٰǴأ
ƣĽĹǣ

116 ǰ

һĬ, 鳤ϲΡΡվ˳
Ҫܾģ뵽ʳԵʳԼ뵽¾ҪȥʳİѵҪܾĻȥ˵ǰסɣȷʵҪϢˡ
, μ֮սͰ, ûô۹ġ
Сһ΢Ц, һ˵̬Ź鳤ϣȻ֪鳤ⲻ̬, ʵʵڵħ̫ˣЦݸӵˡ
һҪúõס°кܶÿķ羰, ܶȤĵطܶóԵ, ѩ͹ԶѣһҪǺúõдһ¡
С⻰˵ģڳĹǣڿʼʱ, ˺Īָжĸо
ǵͷԼͣʩµ, ԼΪ֧, ҪվĽ, ʱҪӦҪιȥĴԡʱ, ǿŶǸЦúѩ̣һ˲ֹôе㲻ԣ
ǵǿСС壬峺͸۾С÷·һ־ܸɵӣ־ã֮ǰ뷨Ǵɡ
紵ʯ̾͵ĵ·ƯĳС㿴Ѿˣü䣬ǿȥԷɣʳΪǵĹǣ²ˡ
⻰һʱģй鲻Ծһ¿ˮ
ʳÿĺóԵģûг꣬Ͼ²ɫˣ۵ķհ
ʱ򣬹ǿɲʲôգһ̵ģȫǱȥˡ

Ȼ˵߰ɣ̬Ҳȷʵеģٶȣ治ǸǵģһС㶼Ҫˡ
ǹ鳤ϣ֮ǰ˸кģȻٶҲǺܿˡ
ۿôһȺľһȥʳãС΢΢Цˡ
Ѿˣ˶֮ͿˣȻ֮Ϳտˣ֮󣬻ȥһ¸ᣬջͿǸСǳˡ
ЩһȻϴţǽһ⣬С֪Թǵ̿һûС
֮֮黹Ҫ鷳Щ˰
СʱʳöһʳĹ鳤ϣĪĴ˸ҿ˿ȻЩʳﻢĹսʿǡ
ʲôǲúħ֪˰ɣʲôûѧõģ
֪ˡ
ǣϡ
Χӣ֮ĸ˵ĹսʿǣԼѾŬˣǿľǣʱֿҪˣʳġ
ʵ̫Űսʿ˰
ˣȻ֪ˣ͸Ͻɢ˰ɡ鳤˵
˵ԼҲôɵģʱ򣬹鳤һ㶼лԼʳģǻ˻֣ЩԼʳļһǸϽߣӰԷ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿЩǣû˵Ǵʳ˳ȥ
Դص֮󣬾ͷˣЩͬˣôľһ
Żô꣬ںԼʲôֻϣѩܹ¸
Ǵ껢ʼ顭
ûģ·һӿϣĸˣȴһֻûгϣת
սȭͷݳĿᶨš
ϿϿҲϣ
΢ķ磬ѩصľͷִԶߵ棬Ųȥ
ǵãסġ
ȷ˹ǲ·ԺСͻصԼҿʼˣԼġ
ΪѾϢˣʱСǾģо
ȻʱչϣĺҲѩģΪЩħƷûԸѩ壬ȻˣԸѩ壬ѩսʿҲˡ
͵ˣܶʱѩսʿ棬ǿ츳ʵȥµġ
˵򲻹ʱ򣬾ʹħ
˵˵ʱ򣬾ʹħߡ
ֻѩսʿǣǴ⿿צˡ
Ҫ򰡣ֻһ㶼ûдģѩȻս壬ڶ˴л֮󣬱ʵ½ˣôһֱĵġ
СȫܹõûʲôתЩǰ֮ǰ淽ʽҪɱģõĵҲûʲôϡﱣ
һˮ֮ϵĸӼš
ӵһߣڷѸͺŵľ֣׼о飬ΰħͿƼõĽһ
˵ؾҲǸоģֶϾǹӶϵСûĴõؾȥŪ
ȥֵʱôȥΪͼʳѣõĸӣҲܽܵģΪкܶ࣬ζĶС
εĲͬΣƷǱҪģȻѩسҪ鷳ѩսʿǲ鷳ҲûбҪԼȥ鷳Ȼڽ
ԼоĳɹСһƵʱűˡ
һ¡С㺰һȻ¶ȥˡ
ʵʼѩûŵϰߵģһ㶼ֱӽ˵ļңĿѩսʿ֣ҪʱԼĶǼĶʶûһԼģԲܸ˵뷨
꣬ҲΪѩǵĻﻥԴҰǿѵʱڲһˣѾˡ
Ȼѩ廹ûеСʱ򣬵ҪһֻӣҲѵģĲ˵峤ѾĴˡ
СڿеʱôҶŵϰߣ׵̣֪¡
֮һʹ˽СĿվſڵˡ
ԭΪ峤׻ʲôģֻĸ̣˭ˣû뵽Ż
ĬѩսʿȻ֮ǰǺһģڻ·ϣŸûк˵仰ƵĹԵģС̬ȡ
Ǹʱټʲô飬ֻڸ·Ϣ϶սʿ˵ѩʱ򣬻¶΢Ц
żʱ˯ʱҲῴ°վҹУѩصķ۵ŲĹ⡣
һĳͻȻСҲЩͷԵġ
Ǽʱ˵ɣбɲ裬һȵɣ
š˽
ɲܻӭĲˮǹӦСóȻҲǺܿĵġ
ѩûʲô󱲣ڿ˵ǹһˣͻȻôԸѺöȣʹûȵҲ
һ¡Сڳ
èܴѩսʿãճȫûģǴıɲݣֻҪսʿ־ᶨҲȫûģֶǸǲ
Сݺñɲ֮󣬲Ŷ˳ȥͷֿûˣѲˮŵϣĿһɨͿ֮ǰĵط
⡭
һľ֣С㣬Ϊһ۽ʵȺսʿȻܹóĲ
Ҹоˣħ˵
ںʱ򣬾ʹѩسȥˣʵڲãѧ˺ܶණħƷҲһ
Ŷ˵ľ֣ǰ˵ģԣ֪ܲܳɹˡ
С˵꣬˵ˮ飬ͼŰڰ֣ҿͼֽƺħãǲ֪ôˡ
аɡСŸȤͰĶ˳ԼصĶҲ˳űȵ۾ʱˣ֮ǰûһֽʼϸ
ʲôˣСĶһͿ˹ؼĵˣħӷ㲻˵ɱӵĴ󣬹ؼǣֿļеʺϰɱģеʺԱģеʺϹġ
ſСŪĶԽԽȡ
ЩħȻĥûرǿ˵ѾˣûмǴĻӦһˣΪ֮ǰеĻǲܲ˵ġ
Ǻɫıǣְӡȡ˳Ȼ滭Сħ󷨣ֶϵĻ˲ܹͷųϵħģȫܹһ˸ס
ȻƵĲǱϵħĻҲܹ䲻Ĺɡ
һֱãѩУֻԼⷽģϾµЩ꣬Щûо񿴵һĺ󱲣ʱ;ޱȵԺ
Ȼ죬ǻסˡ
úܺãӦ˲ٵ˼ɣо˺üˡĿºִȰĿС㣬˵ЩϼһǶء
ûʲôģҾϸ²ſʼоġС㲻˵
ʱģеĴȰӲһ˲
𾪵ĿС㣬ɨһСӰ壬ϵļ΢΢¡
ȵȣ˵ϸ²ſʼо
ǰ֮ǰģȥһˣûǿȽϺãͼоˡСЩףʵôˣ
û𣿡
̧۾㵵ؿС㣬Ϳ絽Сǰ˵ܸоõ𣿡

117 ϲ

Ȼųʱ򣬻ѾϨ, ˵, ѧǸ, ܹӦʲôطġ
֮һ, ޷ϡ
һ˲, ϲӯŵ۾, ڴĿС, ˵, ˣһǸѧˡ
СЩ±, ûüش𣬾ͱźݺݵ˼Դ佱ģԺһҪúõĸӦһ»ȥˣǽؼҡ

ţһɻ󣬲ŴʱѾ˵òˣ˻, һֻ׻ô, Ѿţܻ߿ĵĽš
ùС㡶סˣվſ, ȫ, Ϊʲôô, ƽʱͦصһսʿ
ôˣʵ
Ҳ֪Сʶ˻ֵĻ⣬ûĶͲҪó˿ˡ
ʾ֪ˣĿһתϵıɲ裬ʱĿȻˣ֪Ҳϲ˭ϲˡ
˽ȥϵıɲʱ۾Ҹ
СˣΪԼ˽¸ų˺ܶèɣҲû˵ƣӵһߣʵʲô𣿡
죬Ҫȥѩһˣ峤ҹ㣬ûʲôҪġ
㡷±ӣûʲô˵ʱҸ
Сƽʱǲȥ𣿡
ôΣյĵطһûע⣬ӣǰʱû취ȥ˼ΣÿζҪ˿Ǳߡ
õطԶǲȱðߵģԴʵǺãǵûðߵģ˵Ķһ
ҪǸ·ģǮĶࡣ˵úɣϵЦݴݲȣȥܿɿӡ
С֪ǲ˵ģսʿʲôԼٿʹ˵
ʱһսʿȥˣûٻˡֻ׽ˣʰǵȥ
С˶٣ʵм죿
ɡ
ȵңʱҸ㶫߰ɡС˵
ǰЩطȥΪ̫ΣˣдģΣħƷû˻зƷյҲ£˺ܶԵġ
ѩսʿǾͲˣʲôûУֻצӺݣ˼ܣΣצϣûӲǱȥΪŪԵŪǮģһСֻжķݡ
ڡ
ڵȻҲܲȥͲȥġ
Ȼ峤ôˣǱȻĵģСȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ǻҪʾֵ֧ġ
ûСҪʲôֻЦЦ˵ãʱ˵Ҫôˡ
ñʲô׻ĶҪȥħƷС˵
㡺ŲĶһͣ͵ĿС㣬˵ħƷ
Ϊһսʿ㡼ֱҪΪСǲˣûħƷģ㡱˭תһ룬ԼҵԼųģҲûҪû˵˭ħƷˡ
ԼģеȤȥˡС˵
߽Աߵӣʵûأڿһ۾ͿԿˣһֵģֻҪûΣգ̫ڹע˵ӡ
һӣ㡾ͿϵĶ
һ£ȷʵħƷʱˣģ
ţûеã󡣡С˵
⡭

㡼ǵãһȥʱ򣬿˵ĵħƷսʿһģħƷ̫ˣ˵ĶҪǧңǸ
һѩսʿһӶ׬һǧҡ
ʱͼסˣħƷĶˡ
ڣŵħǺ͵һġ
ˡ
Сǵһֶʲôţо˺ܾãص˺ܶΣڱôţܾãеӡ
ò𣿡ʵ
Ѿܺˡ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿС㣬ȻͷЦѩҲħˣһüǧҰ
С㱧ͷŲ˵ͷһֻ׻ܳȥˡ
ӣƺҪ˷ˡ
СҡҡͷŸˣȥˡ
ʱ䣬Ҳ٣ոպһ£㲻ܸõģһҲǺõġ
ҹɫѩϣǹ⿪ʼһһĳˡ
ҹɵʱ˰ﷱӵĹ֮󣬳Ѳ߶ӵģ˶ʵͻ˵Ż
û취˵ҲˣܶôˣڲϼĻܰЩһ㲻ʣġ
ҲкôģϾɵĻԽ࣬ԵĶԽãѩսʿԼؾʲôѾϰͶǿȣȻĹǣҲϰš
ƴʹŹħ֮󣬲ŷ۵òУ˯ʱ򣬾رˡ
ǵŬûʲô׷ѣһ죬еĹ飬ڴһħϣٵĽˡ
ȻΪҪǣϵʱѩõؾÿ鶼һǵĶһСźۡ
ЩմɱմװģǷһƬҶϣķεľ ̫Ϲˡ
ÿһ鶼ܵѩĳ⣬ǰ˵ҪȥҲ˵ĹҲԹˣŶĺ
ѩʲôУǹ黹ܡһոճĹһڶ̾˵
Ĳ˵ЩԵģⶹڹɭûеġ
ҪǣķȻģǱȴطķöҪһֺǵȫһ
ɲǣǰ滹˵ˣߣڻ
ںȶ
սʿ˵ţǾµӳһźۣûгԹĶۿڸлȣǷǳϲġ
ųţͷֲԾˣ˵ѩǣһ㲻࣬Ҳûбζ
˵Լǣϵʱóһ˲Ǳ𣿺ߣǇNɪʣħߵʱԼߵģʱǱͻġ
˵ĹҲǸսʿħʦˣԴѩغ󣬳ԵõģЩˡ
ԽԽᣬ˵õսʿﶼأ
ôѩ岿䣬˰
ԼҲսʿ
սʿԺһѵ޲ðЩħʦϻعɭ֣ҡѩǵϻͷ
ˣ˯ɣ컹أҼǵûĻͷѩ˵ȳԵտǻϵħĸо
һ߷ö࣬ҾͲŽˣ컹ܱ
ҲҪúŬѩʳ̫óˡ
ھ׵ҹɫУʱ仺ȥˣżзӴⴵϸ΢
بŵ¡
ʱѩսʿѾˣӦ˵ֹǣѩ壬С㣬ȫˣűɹ㳡ƺƵ˹ȥ
ԴСè֮ѩ˶ˣȥ㳡һµϰߡ
ȻѩһģèǣΪѩˣֻһֻֻıԭΣſھƵ̨ϣĽʺ޵Ŀѩڱɹ㳡ˣ
ȿȣҲǾԡ
ǮèʱѾóѩսʿıɵèߡ
ĽǮ
ҲһҪŬ׬ǮУ
ڹĵİæ£СѾڲĺЩط˶ǱɲݣΪÿ죬ֱ˺üٿء
ȻˣèֲĵطرнģֲݻɢһرζζèǶϲǾԲڷ䷽򴵵ĵط
ʼʱҲѩҪèԼ̨Ҳȷʵ˵ģȻǸѩսʿû˯þ
ΪèɲֹѩϲģèҲϲԴèѩغԴǷèɴҶƬɢζèо˷ܺͿģƽ󡭡
Ǹѩսʿ̨ϵʱ򣬾ͻᾭھèˡ
ٺѩսʿͰèԱȥˣֻ̨ʣһЩܳԵֲ
Ǽ죬ʧ˺ѷεèƫƫȥʱֿèһֱЩèʶȲèɺ뿪
ʱ̫ѾˣƶƵĴƮ
Сѩսʿ͵ؾŸֵصʱڲԶĹѾûʲôˣǿŻȦΪ̫۶͵Ķ²۵ûˡ
ʱ䣬̫ˣ붼Ըȥˡ
ҡҡͷ͵˯ˡ
飬Ҫ֮ǰǲܵģţҲҪҿģˣвݵؾУˡ
Сڰע㽻ȥ֮󣬻ͷͿϹļ飬һ۵òеӣѵõķʡԼһӣһ֮󣬾ͳȥˡ
ţͶ
˵ǲЩǺóԵĺסģĻЧ̫ˡ
ȻĶǻĽңûйĻѩҪֺܶ꣬㹻ӿʹá
΢΢ЦЦȥ
ȻйĵȥƺˣˣʵϲûУŹĵˡ
ȣʳﲿҪģĸҪģȻǴҪʱȥģҪӾζҪĵأҪĵؾ˵ҪȽظ鷳ʡõʱûճɡ
ˣǴϻСϻǶ˹ʱ䣬ûһ͵ġ
ʱǷݵϢʱ䣬ԶһȺСϰɡ
һͷܽ˵СѩڿСһ񣬾ͱͬѹڵˡ
ë޵Сѩڵϣһ˫ԲԲĴ۾ίĿС㣬Ȼ󡭡ȻСѩһ߶߶سС㱼˹
㣬㣬𣿡СѩΧСתһȦȻЩͷɥ໽ڵװˡ
Сóһ˹ȥ
ʱģصë޶ȻֹͣϰԶ˹һ˫˫۾棬ȫǾ
˷ĻХõĵؾɪɪȻ̧ͷ֣ЩѩǸûܹȥСǱߡ
ûˣؾֿʼŬˣֻȽϺĵؾż͵š
С㱻һë޵С̸ΧţۼЩѾΧסˣһ϶ʱ˵ˣ֪ˣô
ѩ֮˵ľЩСˣΪǻŵǡ
һ˫˫ԲԲĻĿĿС㣬ÿֻڵϵС̣ͳһһֻë޵צӡ
һ泯ϣ˼Ѿˡ
С㿴ǰë޵צӣٿǷ۵ĵӣİǹӿռ䴢óһצӷһš
ռ䴢峤׵ģ֮󣬾ûûȥСװ㶫ˡ
ŵʱѾõǹŵ˿ռ䴢ˣʱ򣬲жó
õǹСʵ̫˷ˣݵϴ˷׻ĽȻС̴˷˹
һֻֻģȫСߴգȻ˺ԵĶǾë޵צӣ泯֡
ЩСһҪַ˰峤վڲԶһ΢ЦѾܾûЩСһôлˡ
ΧС㣺
ɲǰʳﲻʱСǶǳ˯˯˳Եģʲô
Ҫˣˣɲöˡ
峺ĿɨݵϣǹСѩٿᶨƶԼǰצӵģûõǹСǣֱҪͷ
ԵģСǹ˳ֳݣ˵Ŷӣһһǡ
໣
໡
໣
໡
СһӦСĻһߺܿźöˣȻǺϲǹû˭Ҳûжã˵һţһţǰǵĺܿߣϡ
ȳëȦ֮Сһ
ЩС̣ȻܻΣǶ治Ǹǵģһ˲䣬һëǽһֻһֻϣȥȫǰɫû϶ģˡ
Ĳ˵ëǽˣȻѹˡ
ǻ棬ɾˡ
С˲亹˵峤ҪȥȻ𣿡
ţִһ㣬Ҵȥսʿǣֵܶ㣬Ͷֵ㡣
紵峤׵İ׷ű˪ϣЦ
һȥɣȥ￴С㿴˿߸ָֻŵСǣ۵׻Ц⡣
Ƿ֮󣬶ǹСͻģСȥ￴ϾʳҪġ
С峤˵ʱѩصıԵдðŹˡ
ųѩдеô𣿡һðʵ
ô࣬ҪǼٵģǵĿѩЩħޣҪģʱȥܸ׳ˡһݵĴ˵

118 ð

õðŶҲûѩصģֻǽ, һ㡣
ǻûô, ӳһЩ, Ѿѩ, ǲòǰһˡ
ҪǴǼٵ, ôǾȥЩֵǮħ, Ҫ, ôðųһѩ岿ķ, ¶˼
ų쿴, ѩ˹ˡһǱ˵
ҿ̧ͷȻѩѲսʿ߹ĿûлţȻѩҲ˵ʲôˡ
ǵļƻҲûб¶͸õˡ
ȥðţѩսʿ˿ЩˣЩ˵кܶණ, ǿԵǵĲס
̫ˡ
ðų΢΢Цһ, ˵˵ǲ˲ٺóԵģմɣǴһġ
, մɻ߱ʲô, רŸЩսʿѩսʿ˵
ðųЩ, ѩսʿǲ˵ģϾƭˣѧˣѩսʿЩ鰡
ţûüʻ߾ѩ幢ֱʽʻг۵ͼҪһ𣿡
ۡʲʲôͼ
ЩزѩҲ۶ˣԣѩҲʼˣ
ģðŵѩأѡסǲ䣬ҲѡǵѲţǵѲĻҪշѵģԸ⻨ǮĻǵķѲţĻֻҪƻ㡣
ͼ϶עЩעѲĵͼֻҪͭҳɱۣҪʲôΣ򣬱ķͼġ
վðǰѩѲսʿĴӿڴóŵͼһ˵ߵðŶǳģͷˣ㲻ԸҲûϵˡ
ðųһֱѩսʿеĵͼЩز
ǰǶѩѲģҲûܹǶԸħʲôģԼˡ
ôĺô˵òͲòˣﻹеܵġ
˵ѩôˣһ𣿡
еġѩսʿһľܾˡ
ðų⻰ֻź̾˿Ҳûʲô޴
Ϊк׵ľһ⣬ǾǣЩһֱסûбѩսʿѲߵĵطô
ʵֲпᡣ
Ǿ˹룬㲻ûһѡ
ôţðųѸٴ˸顣
û˵ģѩսʿУֱһ׵ͼͼ˰Ŷˣ֪˾ȷĵطûתת
οѩأû˱ѩ˽ˣ˵ΣգǾ;ΣˣͼͳԼŻȥһɣҲҪġ
ųѩǱˣôǡһսʿǰʵ
ðųĬһ£˵ȥѩ岿俴˶֪ˣǲ֪ܲңðӦҲǱߡ
ϢʲôģȻԽԽԽ׼Խˣ˵꣬Ŷһ֮һ˼ӿȥѩ岿ٶȡ
ȵѩ岿֮Щ˵һľȥʳãȻˣеŶӶȥģ̽ϢǼսʿֻ΢˵ȥطұðˡ
ŽʳãǾͷֲһĵطˡ
ڱĵطôˣҲûôˣҿǵӣܶ඼Ϲġ
֪Եʲôϴҳ㣬͸ˣǻϵħζ
ϲǽлúҶŵǸǸζе̲סˡ
ǺǣʲôϲǷϵħèɣ˵ֺԵ˵㣬ǶˣǮè˴룬ɺ޵Ǯè
սʿϴǱѩˣļָɽ򣬲ȷʵóԣǰ֪ܳԣһѩսʿȥǱץģ˵Ͱͻˡ
˵֪ϴε˿ȫ򣬾ݿȫռһǺóԼˡҴûԹôζʳͿϧǰҲɽؾȻˣҪѩֿ죬ϽǻԲȫ򰡡
֮ǰ˵ѩкóԵģһţЩֵܣ˶ˣҿǶǹʲôˣʳţûжĺóԵġˣûкóԵİҪ˵治ãȫңһ˶ܳȥ
˰ɣѩʳҲֲ㰡㿴أⶼﻹжŵġ
õðԱǣŶߵЩԻͻȻЩ顣
֮ǰһֱǲѩʲôóԵʳģԽסĿҪմɣʳⷽ棬˳˵ʱͺˡ
ѩʳôó𣿡һԱԱߵʵ
һ֪İɣҸ㣬Ǳ߿ԣûߣðЩˣ㿴ǣ𣬾ѩû뿪ˣ㿴ѩʳòóԣŻ·ħʦñ˵
ͱ˵ˣѾʮ￴˰ɣպöҸڡһݵð˵
ã֪ôã϶ҲûˡŻµħʦһ㲻Ҷ˵
õðŵĳԱǻ࿴һۣ˱˴˵˼Ƿ׷ɢ˿ȥҪϢ
ɾʱ˵鶼ˡ
ɱԴ
ϢðųԱʱ񾭣ҪΪʲôûǱߵĹǣ̬
ôģҪ鷳ˡ
ȻŶҪ˵ʵ治ǿģǶˣҪٲҪȫûˡ
ڽõð־ʱͻȻʳõűˡ
һƮɢ˳ûǷӦΧѾˡ
ҶðߣʵǶģǱ˵һ£ýȥȥˡ
ǣһӲģԭؾֻʣ½õðˡ
±ƵģЩѾܽȥˡ
֮䣬޷
õðȫţ
šųһħʦʵ
ţҲȥɡųϳɳأʵϣ±һ㶼ûбµ٣ųȻ¶ʲô֪Ӱˡ
ʳ棬ʱѾǳˡ
ðߣ϶Ѿ˳ԵģЩ˵ѩսʿǣƺѾ߲ˣǳǮһ
ðųǰԼ˵˵һһͷӣһӣһҲ֪ʲô൱ȥǱߡ
ȻðųߵʱҲͿǸܵòɵˣ˽лʱзǳǿҵҫôҪѸڵĸⶼһ˵ġ
еŨңҲ֪˭ĶȽһнõðŵĳԱ¾Ѹɢ˿ȥֱŲͬķȥˡ
ʱҪǻ벻ͨǾ׵Ĳ룬ֱȥιħ˰

119 

ѩ岿Ա֮󣬽õðųŷӦ, ʱӦˡ
Ȼ˵ѩĲκ˶Խ, ѩطͲκ˶ܽ, ûеʵ, ѩص·ˡ
Ϊ̫Σ, ǧ, ÿĵ̶ٱ, ѩĲûΪ̵ԭ򱻹
ðųڳԷʱʹ, ѩ岿ı仯ü, Ǹᡣ
ʱ򣬴ҶõĳŷЩ˻ó˾ƣȻðߺȲֲ಻ûζĺþƣֵǾһʱ򣬺ȵ㣬ҲǺܲġ
Ҳû˺¾ˣѩ岿, ֻҪ΢һ, ͻᱻѩʦ⣬˵ûʲô顣
ðųÿοѩ̲סζ, Ϊһð, û˲ϣԼǿġ
󲿷ѩһ㶼, ܳģûмһֱƽģϾʧ˻ִе壬ֻԽԽʷĳ
ðų˰մɵıԵС̴ž졣
еĶѩǳúһ㶼ȱӣĿһȻΧ˶Ĳ;ǷǳģϾðҲҪӵģȻϣõĶԴš
ͺá
˵ѩŪմɵİ취Ǹ취Ūܶմɡ
ֻҪŪǸ취ôԴԴϵմˣմɾǽҰ
ðųǸжǿˣͬʱҲǸˣ֪ѩϲһܹŪϢЩڽֵϵŶܵѩҲûŹġ
Сױ׻ġ
ðų΢΢ЦЦȱʵġ
Ƿֿжֵȥ׻ѩմɵ飬ʵ̫ˣʷ֪УֵҸѩ̣ǳڲȥ˵֪ʲôʣµĸңȥƵ긽ðߡ
ðųһȫȥȻվ˵ˣˣǾͳȥɡ
һȦʱЩЦˣ˵ǻˡ
ǰͳȥ̽ϢļˣεЦЦ˵ųǲһԷʱ䣬ǶܹûһˣҲ͸Źˡ
ˣ֪ˣȥ˵ɡðų˵꣬ĿڲƳһˣһƦ꣬һ˫һۣŮԡ
СƽͦģҪеݹϵҲ̲ˣοСӾ㲻ðŴˣȥҲиõģʲôУƽһǲСµġ
Ҳ⣬Ҫ֪ѩһֻҪһ뵽մɣЩסˣѩöͷ֪ˣǻᱻϡõġ
ֻܹػ·ߣ취Ūѩմɵķ֪ǵմǴġ
Сƽʱòϣǹؼʱ̣ҪԵģȥѩŮսʿߴС̣ô˵ǲģǰСѩŮսʿˣҲаɡ
ðųĥһ˵ϣмҪ
ϻʳ֮УųԼʱ̧ͷ˹ȥ
ֻһС⣬Ѳ˶ٹ򣬷ܿˣ붼û룬ʹӦˡ
һֱĳ඼ǲģŮԵĻӭָѣ˵ʵ̫ˡ
һ˾ôʳ˳Ȼܿͷɢˡ
ֱһ˵ʱ򣬲ŻȻѩ岿ôûŮսʿ
ȻӦˣϻûŮսʿĻҲС
˺ܾãһֱǰһεѩ̣Ǹһ䣬ŸһĶΪ̫ƾˣҲ֪黹˱ʲôġ
뵽Ͼ͸Ͻҡҡͷѩģ΢еС˼ѧ㣬ڱ˺ôңжΪǾһߣ֪˭飬սʿˣȻֶС档
ô룬ϻ˹ȥЦ˵ðѩС̣Ǹոðϡ
С̧ͷԱߵˡ
ǸܺÿģƦ꣬ǲģرˣϣоƫһ㣬עĿ
һۣͳջĿ⣬˵ãðߣѩ岿㡣
شʵ̫ȥйоˣһظЩסˣܿͻع˵ڿҿԽġ
С㿴ߵԼߵϣҲ⣬˵ðɣҽħԭɣһû̻
СĻ󣬶ʱЦݣ˵ħⶫֵѾǿҪмħʦˣûʲôġ
û⣬ϰɡϺŵСеǱ飬Ȼ˿˿ֿ


ħ鼮
˭һƭѩ̵İɣ
Ͼѩûƭѩ̱ƭ˵ĻҲǺġ
Ͽ֮󣬺鱾С۾˵Ӧòħ鼮̻ġ
С㿴˿ϣû飬Ӧġ
Ȿ˵ǺܾԶǰѩµģȻ֪ôģҲ֪ܱڵĻӦģǺõġ
ϿСִ۾̾˿ѩӶģ˵Ȼǻ򻯰ɣ֪вͨģ̫ˣҸġ
˵ţ߻ϵͼͼ֮ȥԵģħû˵ˡ
ԣӦġС˵꣬ͿʼԼȻܿģǸħˣԭع硣
ڷһ̣ǴݵЦˡ
̷֮Се飬ЩʲôħʲôħԪأֹ߰ĸַţǿ
һСĶ˸˵ϣҲ䲻Ĵˣɫ΢΢졣
̫ˡ
С֪Щʲôûʲôȫû飬ǰš
ϱʲô˸֮󣬶ʱ;Щˣô̧Ÿȥ˾ô˵ţħһ·ĵȫˣų
ôССģô֪ôࣿЩʵ
СϵϼЦ⣬˵ŬѧϰҰҹֻҪпգڿ飬ѧ˽̵ġ
Ĳ˵ǳסһģʲôħᰡ
˼ģıȲ˾ˣûǸ򣬻Ҫúѧϰϵġ
⻰ʱЩ飬һԼ츳ãûжôĵģһͱԼСô˵оЩζ
ۿҪطˣԼ񣬻ʲôûʣ̽˵ѩ仯ܴ󰡡
С͸۾ɨԵ꣬˵ǰҲñ仯ܴ󡣡
˵꣬һĲЦݡ
ϱǸεĿֵЦݣŪһ˲عʵ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ȼ˰
С㹴𴽽ǣ¶һΪõ΢ЦǲڶƸ˵ģΪܶûҪҪѧʲôȥֵأǷӣкֵܶ࣬ĹʺܵͣǰԾˡ
С㽲˺ܶ࣬ҲϼԺãȻÿƸĹסˣһ濼ԼȥӦƸϾȱǮģܳԵѩʳĻǾ͡
͡
뵽Ѿ鲻Խ֮ǰԵʳһл㱵ľãܹһֱôȥĻһܲİɣ
ϻȥʱ򣬽õðŵԱҲѾڽϢˡ
ϰѴϢų˵ˣðŵֵҲţԽţԽ̲סǷӺֵؾȻеĳԡ
ðųЩˣӣ˵ˣ֪ˣ𣿻ǳȥһ׬öࡣ
ûгԵģȥûѩʳˡ
˵ķӦһ£˭ûзųĻϾҲʵ
ʵҪ𣿻ȥһ߹һߴҲǲġ
ų˵֪Щʲôûȫȥ
ȫȥȻǲȫȥģм»ͦõģǾѩĹսģǾǵڶ첻ȥĻʱ˵һˡ
ҲΪʲôôģǾͰЩ鿼ڵԭ򣬷ЩҪϢģǻõ㣬Ͼʲô˶ųһȱǮ
ô๤ÿҪȥģ㣬ʣµģȥĵطߡ
˱˵˸ѩ岻˵ǻǿԼȥ͵͵ġ
ţǸ⡣
ûųǡ
ҿͦõģǵʱԻȥ
ۼԱǶȽðųˣֿϣ˵ȻϢȥɡ
ϵ˵ͷ֪ųҪʲôҲǺģϾһͨ˵һѧ˵Ǹڸϲġ
֪Ϊʲô뵽ոʶѩ̣еСڴųû⣬һȥģϤˣʶˣܴʲôõϢ
ǣڶ죬ֳСǰ֣Ǹʱ䡭

120 ץ

ûп, ߵС, ǴŲЦ, ɰ, 㡣
Сº͵ЦЦ˵ɡ
˾, һ·һ·ţȻС㵽ҺĻȥˡ
ûбԭ, ʵС֪ʶ̫ڷḻ, ˵˵ţʱ䣬ֻôһ̸ֱȥ
Ȼ, ںܶ󣬰׷ԲԵȻƦϣվڳǽϿƬٲʢʱ, ٻôһõʱôҧгݵġ
ϣȫû뵽, ѩһˣͰǸùӸˡ
Ƿ츲ظд֡
ʱ, Ų˵С˼һü, ڶС㡣
һʼ, ĳСĸ, ˺С㿴Ҳкͣ˵
ѩεտȥԶ͵ѩ岿ݶʯ··İɫë̴æֻ˹ȥ
ϵħ飬ЦߵСߣ㿴ȥôæ
ǰ죬˵ˣѩ岿ҲħƷû֡
õħƷǼսʿЦɵӣһͬҫǵѩ̣ͺ񣬱ûһǼҵ
ƲƲͣĿתСϡ
ͦæģкܶû֪ģ̫ȱˡСһСɣЩҪõȥõġ
ȻʲôĵˣǶԼϲ˻Ǻģ֣ӹСеСɡ
Ȼ˵ֻһ㣬һСôˣʵû취Ҳ˳ֽӹˡ
Сûֹ˾˵ģȵʳ÷źö֮˳İһСʳݸϡ
ʳﾭ׼һЩʳṩѩڲԱģСֻ̣Ҫ˻ӶˣʱԹõʳԵġ
ϰæȻҲзݵġ
ʱ򣬸ʳõѩսʿǣѾʼ׼ʳˣǵĶɴ䣬ϴһ˿Ц⣬żģҲ˵仰ǸģԼ顣
洵˽ѩսʿɫķϳСһ٣ЩĪĲϸϸһ룬ֲ֪ΪʲôĸоֻܹΪѩսʿͦദġ
ϿԵС㣬ֿ˿ԼеССеǺܵȻֻȭͷ󣬵ǳóֲ׶
ó𣿡һʵ
̧ͷС㣬ͦóԵġ
֪ǰѩ䶼ڳѩģѵԣһ굽ͷΪŬʲôòóԣŶѾˡ
СĿ⣬Ụ̆ǻһֻữε̣ʱһӣŶȻҪЩ˵طȥġ
˳ĿȥȻҲֻŬСֻ̣ԲС̣Сȣֵš
⧲ģĶ߾С᳣ȥֻʣһƤɿûйƤëŹͷֻһϢģѾܺˣ̣ܶûܰһ궬Ĵѩ
ѩʵ̫õģûнûĵطҪΣգҲ֪Ϊʲôѡ棬еĲǣңôǶҪŬȥӦȥı䰡
Сƽ˵ѩĹǵãԼոչʱֻ¶ƵĿûŷϲá
г̶ϵսʿǣԼôˣǰõģǣػŲİΣ
С㲻֪滹жٵѩսʿûлҲ֪жٵѩսʿҲزˣţֻҪѩһֱڱ仯ֻҪѩָյʵôһж˵ˡ
ϰС˵ƽȴܸܵеࡣ
֣˵ģԽûдﵽʹ࣬ȴһֱͷ޷ӵĸо
ϵЩ㵣ȻԽԽԽԽŭ
ѩ嶼Щ˾ȻŹǣų̫ˣ˼Һò׺һˣʹˣҪԺѩûЩǮô찡
̣òװȥּһԱü۵ĸһð׻
һӵģɰòˣǱӵģͷ·ԼҲһ
붼ûģ̧ͷ˵㣬мҪ㡣
ҪңҲˣȷʵмҪҪġ
һƦ꣬ʵʵĵͷ棬۾еţ˴ҿС۾ͬĺһ㡣
ڣûС֮ڵӯӯЦüۡ
ʲô飿
Ǹǹ׻ģųҪѩմɵķֱŪףǵմôģЩ죬ӦϢˣҪעһ㡭
Σ¾Ͱѽõðŵļƻ˳Ǵʲôʱж֮˵ģһͶ
۾ϣ˵ˣС㲻ԭЩĵš
ųᱩ¶ˣ֪֪飬ڸģҪСԭǸܲѧģѵõĺѣôʧȥ
ǣûµģϾͰԼųݸһɶˡ
ΪС㲻ţҪСȥץ飬ץ

121 䵱

ΪϵĵǸ˵ʮֵĳϿ, С󷽵ıʾԭˡ
, ϵļ, Ѻ˵ûµ, Ҳûгɹ𣿡
ǸͷǲԵġ
ڶڹȥΪʾ, Ϊ˱ʾԼϣҲΪ˰ǲĹȥĨһɶģʹѩսʿ, ׼ȥ׵ˡ
ðɡ
ôԾķ, ǡֻΪѵˡ
ȥСߵսʿ˵ȻϻжĻôǱ߶ŵֵǮĶɡ
Ϊʲô⻰ѩսʿҪ, ЩһһȭһеĻ, ǾͼȭһôģҲ˽ȥİ
ѩ, ҪɣҪϷ¡, ޴ĻҲءСƵ
վСߵѩսʿ, Ļ֮, Щκĳȥ, ԭԭô
ѩսʿȥ֮Сȥ峤ףҪ֪ȥ˵Ļϻ峤һëεġ
Ҳûжٲˣֻоò׻ʣºСһ֣峤֣صղˡ
ûʹҪѩսʿҪǮҲ֪Ǵۿ϶ǲġ
ϵģСſ˸ڣ峤׾ͬˣѡѡһҪȫڳ
⵱Ȼûġ
ϣ峤״ȫӢսʿմɳԱߣȻôȫΪЩһΪմɳȫֵǮĲ
ûãˡ
΢شţҹɫдϤϤ
ųЩѩѲ߶ӸոߣˣǻҪһŻصطֻҪ˳ͨܽȥˡһ̽Ϣսʿ˵
õðųĿĿ۸ʵѩأ
ϵģ˯أҲ֪Ƿʲô裬Ҫˣֵ˼ܲˣ⻹ǰǵļƵģѩսʿĹֱˣôɶ겻ɵġ
ΪŶħʦԹʵ̫ˣڵҪ꣬Ҫ͹ġ
ˣǵ˶𣿸һƱҪˣѩĵطɲʲôģ˭ʱܵԼһ°ɡųü˵
ˡսʿص
ų˵ͷУʼж
һˣôٵĴʯ·С֣˵ͰСΧǽȻ˳˳Ľ뵽մɳڲ
ǰϲʱͻȻģһƬռ䡣
Χ৵ģһȺѩսʿƾ֪һˡ
õðųԱǣ
õðų
⡢ô£
ͻȻľЩˡ
ǣҪ͵ѩıͻȻģһȫŵĳԱ˹ȥģԭͽ
ȻҲû˲Ҫܵģֻſʼһͱѹ
ʵĲ࣬ô顣
ðŶѩ˵ȥˡ
ھٱǸȻǽ
ǣڶ죬̫Ÿոʱð߾Ͷͨѩ̵Ŀڣ֪˵Ϸ顣
ʼǲŵģܵһЩԼۼļһǣ
ǲ֪ѩĵ𣿾Ȼ
Բۣⲻ컹һԷðϾ͸£˵ѩһıض˰
ѹѩսʿôŭҪңҲĸô꣬ȻҵĽˡ
٣ֵܣǿ𣿵жٽҰ
һȺߣͬһýõðųˡ
˵ʲôûü
ǲŸոЩһۣһ£ͱˣ
ؼǣֵܻٱнˣҪȥһЦġ
ųҧгԹĿһ۲ķΪµйڶӣھ޴󡭡
ȫųԱҪѹֻ꣬԰סǮͶ죡
;ãᶼҪˣʱ䣬ȥĵط߳ƲƫƫҪЩػһ𣬹ؼǣǻҪܵල
һѵĲɾں֪ô³ˡ
ڽõðųԱǸһѾʱСѾʼȥˡ
֮ǰѾǺˣѩ岿ķչֻһҪϵġ
ڲҪľǿ䵱ˣˣͽлĵ䵱̡
ѩصħʲôģֻҪŪģǶգЩѩսʿ˵򵥵ˣһ۾֪Ǽ٣¡
֮ǰ룬ҪյѩսʿǲĶô죬ںðˣϾõǸѡڵĻܶණǿյġ
յĶټӵǮȥܹǱȱĵطһʮģ򵽼ٻ
ҪǮˣҲõıְ취
ţðɣ˵˵ȥЩṩߵðߵġ
Ͼߵ̫ˣЩðֱӾûˣЩȽˣмҴߣҲҪǮƵģҪѶȥǻġ
ԴС㷢֮󣬾Ϳʼ䵱̵ˡ
Ѿ׼ˣҲѾ׼ˣǾʱˡ
ߣԺҪĵط𣿡ʵ
ǰѩ岿Ҫ㣬ȱ֡СһϵĿϣֱӾͿ˼ˡ
ĥȭƵûϵǾͽҰɡ
ţСһεĿлЩпһǷǳʵˣʲôһ㣬ԺҪˡ
ǰͶԵ䵱˽⣬һϵвѡ
ʼʱСֻ˵ģҪƷҵ˵䵱УٿĶʡһ٣һǧĶʡһǧһãʯֶͬƷʣ䵱һģҪʮҡ
û೤ʱ䣬ĵ䵱ʽҵˡ
ǣ㣿
С㰲źõ䵱е֮󣬲ųţͼһû㿡ݵꡣ
һĿС㣬˵û뵽ô겻ôࡣ
СЩĪģ룬ڼĽһЩϢ
üһһ
ԭĸڵʱ򣬰׺һĦŻͦڿģֺԭ棬ȻҲ˲ٵĶ
һʧˡ
ĦסģСʵ
ĦһС÷ȻǵԼʱҡһºβͣЦھƵסţǺ峤һġ
׺һһѩϵģΪ׺һС壬ѩѵʱ򣬰ﲻʲôæҲܹġ
У׺һ峤ǷǷġ
СʹĦȥ˿ݾƵꡣ
Ħֻ׺лģ˵ˣѩǰĽĦˣΪĦʲô
ͷʹԶģôĴԣҲѩôһ
ҪҸû˵ĵطѶĦɣһֻ׺ҡҡβ˵
ǺǣĦͺ˵ˣҪһһ㶫ġһֵֻ˵

122 ǷծǮ

СܿͰĦݾƵˡ
һ·, Ҳ׺, С㲢û˵, Ͼʶ
Ħķ֮, СֱӾͽȥˡ
һŮˣС, ǲ, ˭
ծСƽ
ɲծ
ѾĻ쵰, ǰ֣ɴԭ˲ٵĶ, ˣȻҪûص㱾ġ
ɨ, Ȼûʲôö, еԭߵĶǸŮõһħӡ
ôѩǿʢѩǣܹģϵĶ׺һǿˣοԭĸĸŵʱ, ǿɶǾӢսʿ
Ĭ׼ҵ, ֿǵ׺һûʲôս, ԭߵĺö, ȫĦԱˡ
, һֱԭĸĸս, ĦҲûˡ
񡭡
ȻûǸ˼, СȻҪûģŮԶģûʱСһ㸺ûУƭ˵һ١
ĦΪС㵽˷֮󣬻ǰһĺöûУԼò˸ˣʱŭòС
㣬ǸʲôѶ˼ҡ
ʲôҸʲô㿴𣿡СЦһûаѶȥʼʰ˷ֵǮĶ
ĦһӾ͸ӵŭˣҪǰֱֹӱСһħ˦˹ȥ֮󣬰˵ϡ
ϵŮˣɫһӾͱˣС˵ǰǸĦŮ˰ɣòôôԵͲ峤𣿡
Եʲôһƭ˭ûϼСһۣ˵˫ĸ˵õģôණô£ģŹģ
С˵ãȰһŵռ䴢֮˵߰ɣ㲻˵һҪ峤
ĶҲֻܵһˣǷծǮ쾭壬ûǮĻС´ĦһۣǾȥˡ
Ͼ͵ؾСӰ壬ڵĥ˺һʱ䣬׺ҲǿԵġ
Сô̾ĦпҪĳͣʱǰ˳̣ѩŮˡ
ʶСûж˼֮󣬶ʱ;òУǰĻֻҪС㲻˵Щ˶ǲܵģڲУֻҪС㿪ʼ֡
ô
ǰ׺峤ѩ峤Ҫ鷳ġ
㡢㲻֮ͨĦЩѿڵ
ôܣԼ㣬ǰҶٶСһ˲ȫĦѩеսһ亹
ȻСû岻һսҲǲһġ
ǵҵĸĸãûлʶС㣬ȻСĸĸ֮Ҫữεѩ̡
ʲôԭ򣬾ѩ̿ɱǰ׺ܳԶˡ
һ㶼뻨Ǹҵġ
ǰģѾˡĦϿ˵һ˲Ҫȡֵӡ
˾ͻС㲻ԭһ㶼һס
УĦһֱӵģźӣź޳ܵ飬Ĳ˵ûһѩսʿỨԵĲ
㣬ˣûǮ㲻һֱ֪𣿡Ħ˵
ûϵеǻʲôʱˣʲôʱͿߡСϻ˵ˣֱŮˣĦȥˡ
һţͿϲõ
ô
ˡ
˲Ÿո˵꣬Ͳ˲Ծ
ҪôģĦڹʱ򣬾һֱ˵ѩиϲ̣Ҫܹܲõʲôġ

ڿе㲻񰡡
濴һֻѾΪԭɪɪİ׺ꡣ
ʱģ˾ͳĬˣҺĬÿſڵλáСûдˣ䵭Ħ߳ȥˡ
պõģǰץһЩˣһҲǿһȺҲǿĦĻ¡
ΪС̫䵭ˣ˸˵֮һ
СǱ߿ȥȷС֮󣬲˵ô£Ħ˵һ㶼һ
Ҳ֪
ǿȥ峤˵Ǹѩ̫ˣҲ֪Ħߣܻܲ
ʱİ׺һ˳ȽŻЩطҲҴˣʵ̫ˡ
ǰ˰Ħڵϵһ㶼ģȫһϲ˵ӣɣĦʲôõľٶĻܾܿͻᱻɱ
ǵģҪ֪ѩô£Ͳ˰
ΪѩͺĦеƭ

123 Ӳ

СŲܱô, Ħͳȥˡ
ۼҪ߳ݾƵĴ, Ħ̲, , Ҳϲ㣬Ҳ
С㣺Ҫ, ҹϲ˭, ǮͶˡ
ûͣ, ˼ߣʱ, ĦѾˣܺǰѩŮ˺Լһ
ٺ, ҲҪ취ġ
ǰĻ, ֻҪһ¶ӣСͻЭģֻҲ֪ڸʲôȻôܲˡ
ǲǣʵ
û¾ȥ涼ߣһ׺, ʲôҺð, 𣿻ޣ
С˵⻰ʱ, ͷҲûлء
Ħһһ, ޲ھС, û취, ҪԺȰȷԼ
ۿΧ۵ԽԽ, Ħһ¶һεЦò֪˿ˣ·Сȡһ㡣
ǰѩƲ̫ãΪСи·ĸĸսǰİͽģ˿ǲ¡
Ҳ˼ûһСս
Ȼ˵ΪӢѩ壬򲻹ܶôҡ
ĦֻҪһ뵽ǰԼߵĴԼԴһϲ²µġ
һ㶼ûоԼòԣЩѩ嶫ģֲֹһҲû˭İѩ̵ġ
㵽ҪʲôĦС޿ʵ
ҪֻôҲѲˡ
˵ϴμС㣬̵ʱЩѩĳսʿΪ˸Щһ·ǿɾͶҡ
Ȼսôڰ׺̣ҲǸ£ЩҲҵ׺ȥ
ֻڵʲô
ѵСһ㶼ǣԺѩ岻ܴˣǱȥ
ȥˣҲǣСʵǽܲˡ
ȻǻǮСתӣб
Ħķ֣ѩŮ˾ȻֻҪǮ
֮˵ȷſҡ˵
СЦһ˵ϣǳЦˣҲѾ˵طˣǻǮȥֵأ
űӳҪȥֵص㡣
ǰǺ궪ǰʲô˼
㣡ĦЩŭˡ
Ҹ㣬ǰûϵԺҲûϵռ˱˵ģԼ³ĺãȻǵѩսʿŹġ
С˵ĵģվһ׼ȥֵصսʿǣУʶ̧ͷͦ
һֻֻ׻ݡ
ĦȻһ㲻
С㵭ȻĿһۣ˵ҿԣԣܲ߳ѩء
ĦɫһɷףͼСУҵЦ֤ݣȻһ㶼ûС
·ʶһ㣬۾һ㶼ûº͵Ĺ⣬Ҫ˵ĻǾֻˡ
СЦˣ˵ɣǻǮֵȥ
ĦһԣСǾԲûǮģûǮôܰãûϹôһֻ׺ꡣ
һǲԸǮѣһپͺˡ
Ħŵĵô
С㲻ͷˣ˵
ĦСģǰһڣȥָС㣬˵㻹ǵõĸĸô˵𣿡
ôǵãǱ˻ûռ𣿵ô˵ģ߻ûôǰ׺ģܵͦģȻǾͻǮ
СЦһ
ѩ嵫սʿΪҺ·ͻȻʲô⣬սʿûˣδѵй¡
ҪΪԭĸĸСս۵ҪսԱҷ׷սˣһﻹռüıˡ
ʱǿˣΣǰĦҪߣ㣬
ţҾǿܲե㶫СˣҲ֪ʣµĶˡ
Ħ⻰ҧгݵؿС㣬ûü˵ͱˡ
ʱѩ峤׺Ͱ׺峤Ҳˣһվһľ
ϼһҲûǰվԭأ㡰˸ˡ
ҶԲס㰡һΣ֮ǰСһǹ˵ʱںȲ̸졣
һˣˣ
һӢȫЩǶˡ
ѩ峤װڰ֣˵û£һʱٻ㡣
ʶ꣬ûʲô˵ġ
ο׺峤֪Ҳûʲô˵ˣԭĦѶ˵ģǼȷʵȱѵҲˡ
Ҳãѩһʱɡ䣬;Ħڰ׺峤ֻС꣬ĬĬĻһ£峤ô˵ˣǾֻˡ
Ӧûаɣ
ѩǱߺãֵӦҲûʲôɣ
Ħ϶Եģǵ
·ĳ飬ֱӾͳ鴤һ¡
ΪͬĿһۣǸ׺뿪ķȻʳȥˡ
Ǻǣ²ûĴ
ôţ黹ͦĵˡ
Ĺǣš
һƬطֵȫèݣèɡèݡľޤ֡
èɿè޷ܣ滺ѹ񾭽šЩ죬ѾЩ͵è£һķӦֻҪèˣ׼ȷĶȥ
ȻеʱҲѲèսʿǷֵʱѾèɵˡ
ÿЩһǳ֣ǿ˷ܵڵϴˮСͷĥèɵȣܰѹǸòᡣ
û취ѩѾظǳаˣèջʱȥǮҪָǹģ
Ҳ˵Щ͵ɵļһǣ͵ǹĲݣǹǮ
Ŷ
ΪˣڲҲϸķֹ
ħ츳õĹǸдЩϲսĹսʿǣǸץסЩ͵ߡ
ȻҲûɵġ
˵èǱ߾ͱȽɡ
ȻèݿɷΪݺСݣЧһġ
èݺзḻֲάܴ̼è˳θ䶯Ӷè˽θеë³Ϊûд̼ԣ͵ɵè˵˺ܶࡣ
ľޤǱߵĹҲֻ࣬ҪʱʱķŸٽֲĴģħͺˡ
ľޤд̼è˵ĳɷ֣ԴʹӦۻ˯⣬ԹսʿżҲץè˻񡢴ˮӣȻؿ񱼡ܡࡢ䶯ΪҲûپˡ
ѩսʿǸèɵְ꣬ѻˡһ˵
ЩõߣèģӦǱȥˣèô档ǿ찡ϴβոġˮĹ˵
֪ϴαץסèˣǧҲҪѾ˺ܶµ淨ˡèɻľޤץϣĥצӡ
˵ڵè˶ѾЯˣڸеѹʱ滺ѹ顣鳤ͻȻ˽˵
һͷˣҲ֪ôˣͻȻľʹӦ
ͻȻΪҪȺЩСһģǸ˵ĳ
ϣϢˣǵ淨ܶˣھʱʹã񣬿ʳʱ쵽СʳǿʳԵˮӺˮԿҧľޤ֦ʹãݡ
ôడ
š
һйǣţʵϣʱΧܻͻȻϮèˡ
ûģѾһȺè˸Χˡ
ʲôëɫĶУʲô͵ĶС
ϣݵϣ﹡ߣǣһȺèضߣʱŻȡ
ڵȻèŹǵӲ棬񶼲һˡ
ǣǺʵϵļ˵ţСģͲûдţѽ
֮ҪǮǲܵģܵģܵġΪʳķ˲չǮ

124 

֮ǰҪ, Ϊӳ˼, һֱ湤ţǱѾϢ, ͻ
СԼħ˹ȥ, õĻԺǴҪģѩԼ, ҪȡÿѩսʿǶϡ
ߵʱ, ûСͣСҲûȥ, ϾȥȫԻб֤ġ
ҪѩսʿսˣǱ˾͸˵ˣǱѩϧˣСҲЩԼİȫȥЦ
ԴϴηС츳֮󣬾һֱСˡ
Ϊһֻʱղ껢ûʲô, ֻҪżָһսʿǵ似, дѵʱԼš
ƽ棬ϲʳ, ⲻ, ڱǲע, ෴, ڲһһľ, Ҫģ磬֪ѵèȥҹˡ
ڹΪЩ飬ֻǵҪ̵ġ
ΪûʱԭÿγҪһ鲿̣Сȣܹȥʱ·ԼҲص˵¶档
Сţܿģžͱˡ
濴˿Ϸһð̵Ĳ裬΢΢ЦЦһȻ֪пŵġ
㡣˵
紵ŵȵ۾һɫ
ȥߴͣͦεսʿѾѼסˣ·ţͣ·м䣬Ҫʲô
ÿ춼ǵһ飬ǾǰѲǶһ顣
С㿴͵ɫЦÿ죬󶼻ҵġ
֪ʲôִţ˼ţ֪ǿֵġ
峤׸һƤЩ죬Ҳһֱоҩġ
ħʲôģԺҲˣٲãﻹһҳߵڷⷢȣʱץʵġ
кܶʱ䣬ܶ顣
ûС
˵оˡϣѸССɷŵϣӺ
˽һµġСЦ
ѧȥѧȥԼ˵ͺˣЩءźͰĿСһۡ
֪ǰСһֱΪŬš
ԵĻϣôࡣ
Щ飬Щ껢ӦĲŶԣ̾ӦԼϲ顣
һȥȥ˻еսʿȥ˵ģҰǽлɻ
ڹУҲϹѩսʿģֻҶΪ汼ţǺٽǴҶ֪ԸǸѩز׬㹻Ľҡ
ôҪȥ𣿡СЩʵ
ţڲȱˣҲġѾ̫ˣҲʲôʱл֪Ľ
һȥɡС˵
⻰ǹЦ㣬ڵĳ껢𣿡
Ǿã˶ҵÿ죬ʱһˣ顣С㵭Ȼ
ֵֻ̰һ³껢ôŤſСӣˬʵЦǺܿͻġ
á
˵Ҫð߹᣿ʵ
ڹЩðǲܸǸɻģʱ䣬ȥ׬ø࣬СһЩ壬û취ѩظǸɻ·Ҫ޺ˣʱڰȫĵطǿһ£һ˾Ҳܹˡ
ҪǰȥʱЩǣǮĲˣ˾ͶвֻҪ·㹻ȫū嶼ܹ
С΢Ц˵취ģѾóƸ취ˣֻҪܹȫ⣬Ǿ͸һһµĻʳѣԡ
ЦؾҲ𣿡
ˮˮܵ豸ҾͨˮҪ̫ˮȳը
û£ҲõϵġЦЦɵĺèɲˮ
˽˰ڶ֮ǰˮģҪ·ˣ˵Ѿˮˡ
С˵ؾҲһΣæŸҪƷΣƷ
ҲѾͷˣٹһʱ䣬ܹÿӶͨһˮˡ
ˮʲôˡ
ʱĹ͸èѾˣܹܵħĲ
ЩѾֲˣͷһΣȫϡ档
Ҿè˶ڣҲκβ˹սʿģҪǵͶôжٸèˣҪȥ޻صġ
ȻèݵôҲûйЩĵģǹ鳤Ϻ͹齫Ķ˵ģҲǰġ
Ϊڹʱ򣬾ѾǩħԼˣԼСⶨģȫûһ˿©꣬͵ˣж뷨ЩǣҲˡ
èˣǾ͸ˣҪʲôҪһزУǹˣҲǻѩսʿģҪ뿪ѩأҲʲôɵ顣
ˣֱڣèҲֻǱԹжèݲ죬ûֳʲô⡣
èݵҲ潥Զġ
ʵĹ˽紵ϵҳģ·𶼾
̧ͷ˹ȥǱϣһϡеֲ
Сһֱ飬Цϲ
ϵǱ飬ǱдĶǺֲصĶΪд˵оЩģǶ˵ҩȽ϶ࡣ
С㣬˵ö𣿡
öĵطʣҲ֪ŵġС˵
΢΢ͷ˿еɫǷƵҳǹŲЦ
д飬ںˡ
ȻҾȳȥˡСͷɶȤζķ󣬴Ц˳ȥ
С㿴ıӰ˼
ոպе㲻ԡ
Сǵãһѩ徫Ӣսʿд顣
峤װʱ򣬻˵鱳Ĺ£ʱʮ˾ӢսʿħʦǰѩأѾѩû˷׼ϱߡ
ΪϾҪɹʱ򣬱
һѩ徫ӢսʿӲݴɱ˳ȥЩ˵м䣬Ӳʿأûϵ˲ͣ࣬ϵĶȴûһ˿һ
һ֮ɱڶз֣СʱΪʱȡ˱ϣ
ֱѩɽȫ֮˵ѪƬȰϡ
Сվڴߣʱɲá
һҳѩдţ峤ֵǶսˣڸˡ

125 Σ֮

ſϿ, û͵һؾӴ⴫˽
ǸСؾ, ֪Ҫˡ
С̧ͷǱ߿ȥֻðĨһϿ, дЦ
ſʲôЩؾǲʵЩ͵, ģ
췢ðһĲм, ĵؾˡ
߲ǸģҪҿ̷ðϴŻЦ, ֱӰϵĵؾ׵ϡ
Ͽ˵¾ŵҽ, ܿͱһסˡ
ð̧ͷ˹ȥһʮҵѩŮ, Ц˳
ϵ·úܼ, ͷɢ, ൱ԡ
, Ҳֻǿ۸ѡ
ע⵽, ѩŮϣźǿħĲ˵֮ǰסؾһ, Ҫܾ׼Ŀ
ǵ侲۾ɨǵʱ, ǲĸеһ˿ѹֵĽȸС
ָо, ͷ·ҲʱȥϷŪһ㡣
ô£Сʵ
, 㣬˵Ͽ͵û͵ԵʳǱ͵ģȥʾ֪ˣսʿִˡ
СؾæܵСߣһ߹еĿһϿˣһĸ״š
ǵؾȷʵϲ͵Դѩ֮󣬾û͵ˡ
ʼʱΪңѩ̣Ŷˣܹô㶫˭Ҫˣͻᱻֵġ
ΪԼ׬ǮˣҪʲôȥͿˣ͵
ôһʱദСؾͲѩˣȻǿȥͷܴҲȷʵǿӣֻҪŬзԾйãѩҲô
ڿСʱСؾյܹ״ˡ
ðŵؾĻɫһ˲΢ǿؾ治ǹҲ磬Ҫʮؾ˸͵һзһɵͻȻؾŲӦеĶ˭ˣΪ͵ġ
״ʵЩǵϰ˵һ˲
˭֪ز͵ģȻǾˣˡ췢ð˵
ⲻУȻᣬǻûϿ˵ǸСס˵
ؾǸôܡ̷ð߹ֽһЩϷŪĿһԵĵؾҲû͵˭֪֮ǰԺأ
Ǻ˵˵ѩû͵ˣǻṤԺҲǲ͵ġСؾŭ˵
췢ðûؾĻԼǰѩŮֵ⣬ǺǣǾͲǸôˣ
ⲻС
ǵҪôˡ̷ðЦһΪðߣѩôһܾˣ˭Ӯ˭˵㡣
һ˲ͻʱпܱ
Ҫǿ뿪ʱǰͻȻ忪ʼ黯Ȼʧԭأˡ
ˣ
ˣ
ŵðˣ
ǸֵһһСؾ
˻࿴һۣʱ٣ͷˡ
ѩĻ̣ǰˣ鵰˵ˣ
ͻȻģؾϿ˾ֵĽˣ㲻ˣˣ˰̱͵ˡ
ιιιĵؾ㲻Ҫ˵ûϵ췢ð۴С
ȻܿģѩսʿѾȫ˹һƬΧˡ
ŵðߣ¾ͶͶˡ
зɹ
Һɫϣսĺۼ
һССĿٻ·ãС壬·ֻʣ¹ͷһ㣬ȫûſӡ
𣿡һֻСѩ̶ٻԱߣ۾ȫϣͺ档
Ӧģؿ϶԰ѻٻһֻһѩ˵
ҿٻ󷢹ˣҢһԵġͬõĶ̷СĵĶһ߿š
ǼԼܵҰģǺսʿ߶ˣʱ鷢ͻȻֻܹԼˣôˣҲûǡ
պҢܹˣҾٻ츳һ˾Ͷڴ
Ұʵ̫ΣˣûгսʿǵĻ޷ƽĴҰأصϵġ
һֻѩ̣ôҵĿٻ
ڵģٻȫ
˵һһӰٻУȻϵĹȦһ˲ʧɾˡ
ĿԼ䣬סˡ
ҢǸոջһ̣ûʲô£Ψһľٻˣ̫СˣҪٻæսġ
ٻ˸ԼƵѩ塣
ѵ۾һ±ˣ۵һ޳ˡ
Сεվһߣ˭Ҫʲô
ʮӺСȺСǣһǷϵĶڲݵˡ
ȫûͻȻһ죬ͱһոջεٻˡ
̻ĲữС̣ΪǲԭرСͱСˡ
Ҫʱʱͻ˾ѩһΣ֮ˡ
Щ֮ԻᱻߣΪǰҹͻȻϮսʿǲͣϺ󣬵ʱ򣬾ֻʣЩС̶ˡ
ֻҪҰ⣬ûаȫĵط
С˽⵽֮;ҪЩȻس˵ˡ
ԶĲݵϣһ߰ɭɭĺǣеĻϸڶڸС㣬Ҫ뿪С
ԼӣСͰǸ·ˡ
û취С㿴棬ħʦǿġ
˭һǻٻʦһạ̊́СֻữΡ
ǼСһûʤģοͬ壬ѩڼͬʱˣ͸һҡβ;
С㿪ʼʱҲûһӾʹߵģҰʱܷ⣬·֮̽ʮ**ֻʣ»ëˡ
һ·ϣСһߵöСġ
СѡŰȫ·Σյĵط
Ȼʵǣܲᷢ顣
ǻû߶ãͿԶħޣֻħ޳ڸߵϣͷŷеϢȻѸһߡ
Сû˭ͷСһ·ߡ
ͻȻģһϸ΢
ѩ̷
С˳ķǱ߿ȥֻһֻС׻սսشӹľб˳
ŵѪζ˳ŷƮɢ˹
С㿴ߵ̣ٿǱߵС׻ʱ͸ˣ彩Ӳԭء
һεģʶԼС
С취ʱǱѾʹİ
ѩ̱һצӸƷ˵ϣվŲҪȫĵطȥȴΪϵ˵ϡ
ȥôƣ˦˦Դ¶׺ݵıԼСĳħ޵š
ȥף

126 

С㵽ûа취, һѩǰħɱġ
תС˵ȥոǿǿǱ߶, оԶ㣬ʱȥǡ
ǹʱÿһʱ, ·ҸµĶصص㣬Ϊľͻʱиطš
طҲԼеս, ЩСһ, Ҫû˿ţһһˡ
ҢͿ˵ͷ֮, 󻹲ữεˡ
, в֪ĴţҲ֪, ʲôõ, Сٵ䵥СǱȥ
ԲԲžֺϣ, ֻò, ôСһֻ, ƴ¶СԼȥǿһ㡣
ֻħȻǳħ޵ģС֪֮ԵҲûгԵֻСΪԱ, Ūһ, , ͻԵǸ䵥ѩС̡
ʱ䲻, СٵĴӴռó֮ǰõըó
СӹľܳǱҲԷ
һֻħԭأֻħѸٵĳС˹ײеĹ⡣
ûԥģСͷܣȻϵħֱӰѿ̻ħը˹ȥ
ΪǰͿǹˣһըܵòԶĻըԼģضǱϵħըֻҪˣͻ˲䱻ᡣ
һ
Сֻħ⧲ı˱飬ڶֻûôˣڿͬ³֮˲侯ҲӵĿˡ
СѹеΪ׷ħ޾ֻʣһֻˣһֻˣֻħ޾ͻѸҧС̣Ȼ߹
Ѿˣܲħ޵ġ
һ˲䣬С˼ǧذתȡÿԣκⷢ
ĽŲܿ죬תһԿڵߵĵط֮СըĴۣը˳ħޡ
һأûĿŵĳһֻħǰ
ǲǵģϾʻצ档
СǱһľУ÷ϵħըȻ˹ȥ
ڲ˵ʱһˡ
ʼʱֻħ޵֣Ȼβ͡ͷȣܹըȥûз⣬ʵʵİħ޶һ
ۼΣѾˣС¶Դ䵥С̽һ
ءٺѩС̣ڿС֮ͻȻ
Ƶ׺ģŲǵĳС˹һ﷢ǵϲ
ܵС֮СһﲻͣԴʱʱҪһСëҷ˵µίʡ
СƿҲһ˹СںϷһ㡣
⻹ǸС̣ͣҲСӤô
Сû취ֻõĺ󾱣ȥ
СһﱻͺܹԣԾİһСߡ
Уģ̫ƵĴ
С㾡ǿߵģЩûãǾͷɵĵطȥˡ
û֮СͿһѪĹǼܣɫȻжʱˡ
ȻһЩСһǵľͺá
һ·ϣСоյߵһСǰ档
С֪˭ģ֮ǰֵʱѾûˣСС̷̽ԵĽһ
ûãлӦˡ
ϵĲƤ˶ȻһŰɫϻͷð˳
⾪ϲĿС㣬˵㣬
ţǿ߰ɣﲻȫС˵ոʱ򣬾Ϳֻħģܿܣܵĺá
õġӦһһ£ȻС
ţһС׻Ӷ˳
һʲôҲû˵Ͻ·ˡ
Ҫʱ˱ˣԶԶĳ߿һۣˡ
Сû˵ʲôϾĻţûȥ
˺ܾõ·֮ǵĽŲˣǶˣֿ޾ɵӡ
Ϣһ°ɡС˵
áӦһ͵ض
Сһ߿ĿԶҪȥķһʱʱĻë˴˰οţ·߲ȵ䵥С̣ҪСëޱҪ͹ⷢӡ
С㣺
лˣԵĻҪϴġ
ܻߵͲˣҲͲߴߴˡ
紵ԣһƬ΢
С㿴⸽㰲ȫӿռ䴢ó˵ʳˮûеģռ䴢װľǴĶȫûѵʱ
ôˣֻܽһˡ
СǵǺܹɣһ㶼ûвӣʳԵøɸɾġ
ЩСһǳԵ˫۶ˡ
С㿴ǳԵû죬Ľһ£ʹȥ̽·ˣڼҲСһҪŪһˡ
СʱСһǶѾԱˣ׷˹ز˲䡣
ǴȵģǱ˶֪
룬ôҪЩСһǻȥģȻĲ˵Ҷꡣ
һ·ϣʵôȫģڼǻСħޣھȽԶǺͱܿˡ
һҲϹ͵ĳħޣֻħѾ׽ˣڴãǺƳһۣˡ
ǿЩûġ
СǴӰһֱܵҹһ·̡
˸ʱ򣬷д˲֪ħ޵ĺСվ磬ֻ̰š
ʵⲢʲôõĶصĵط⸽ѾҲõˣҹ·ΰȫЩ
СǶȥ֮СҲȥˡ
һɲľĵζСڵ۾ȻɨһȦ֮󣬾ͿʼϢˡ
Сһ𣬰ֻ䵥СС̣µûз
ڶʱСǱһĶѵġ
̧⿴ȥֻ֦һֻ
ĿԣǴ񾪽һˡ
С㿴ĹߣСһǽһ̾ſ۾ˣӻκģȴѾܵĳС
߰ɣ쾡ϻȥС˵
ʵҲûеףܹЩһȫƽĴس򣬶ĵ׸оãС̶ҰˣǳѩȻǹòðɡ
һ˲䣬С˺ܶ࣬ʲôû˵ǵȻķɵ̬Сȥˡ
һ·ͣͣĶħޣʱħޣĶ࣬·ϻ˸ʱ䡣
ϳԷʱͻȻ;ۼŨƣûãˡ
СæʳСȥ
ˮܴ˳ǵƤë䣬ôҲеģʱħ޻ٺܶࡣ
ҵµŵʱһֻֻС׻Ѿˮ͸ˣɫëȫϣģȥò
ԭŵ·̣ݸɸɵС˵ڲģСʳϣӪ㹻ˣûôѼ֡
С˵ƺÿĵʱ򣬾ǳԷʱˣǻ΢΢۾ϸϸľ׽ţһܵӡ
ȻΪˣЩͲСҲ͸ӵսϡˡ
СڵϢһ·ϣľǽŵģԼһûע⣬ë޾ͱһֻˡ
СϢʱ򣬿ͻȻһ˿ϸСĶ
Сæͣ˸ԵĶСǱ߿ȥ˸֮󣬾ͳȥˡ
ôģҲϢֱըˡ
ʱСըˣǴ򲻹ҲҪ
ҲҪ

СǱ߿ȥһֻ䵥Сѩ̡
ײײӣǲ˵֣Ҳ֪һôҰصģ룬涼ôˣﻹһֻǲϡˡ
ֻ̱ǲֻģڿС۾ĳˡ
ϣһоûеӣ˫¶۾·ֻһСһ㣬ôôΡ
С̾һСһ
Ϊðȫˣһž䣬ʼɪɪŷ
Ϊ¼һֻ̣СҲ֪ΪΣա
ǺܿģͻëֻСС˵ǰֻ䵥С̻СӤôĻֻԾǳû֣ὲ
СС㣬Լ˵һࡣ
вʱĴףһ棬Ҳ֪Ҫµʲôʱ
ѾëˣֻµС̻ЩȻӣۺˣҲ֪ǰʲôʱлź£İ忿Сϲ뿪
СҲ룬ִӿռ䴢ó˵Եģ⼸ֻСץʱԣͣĻϾҪ·ˣһֱµĻҪˡ
࣬СԽԽûˣǳĿ棬ԼҲʼԶˡ
һֱţҶϣεδġ
ڴԼСʱˮͣˣյһ˻˲ʺ硣

127 ҡ

·, С鷳ˡ
Сһǰʱ򣬱ֻСħ޸ˡ
̧ͷһ, бס
ôһĿȻ, ҲһĿȻ
ֻС̻˵, Сֻϻ, ֻ򵥵İһ, Сֻ, ܲ˼ͱһڸˡ
Ȼǻ࣬Сħ޵ĶԱ¡ܿ˭Ⱥġ
ֻ֪СħȻֻ, С̵ķ򿿽, ҷ˷ͳĺ̽š
Сϵըȫ˳, 룬治˵ô, ʱҲ˲뿪ˡ
Χ÷ϵħӪһȦ̶Ȧ, ʵж߶ֻħޣǲЭġ
ΪС̬̫ǿӲˣֻħ±һ˲, ǿ, ֻ΢һ, ӦԼܲŶ, ȻĲһ
ֻħҲûбСչʾŵ, ϾҪߵ⣬ôˣǲܵġ
ֻħ޻ζŴ׳ĲӣͼСıȦһֻ
ǵһ¾ͳԿˡ
ֻ˵ħջצӣ׺ݵĶС㡣
֪ˣҪǷǲܷģֻħСĵΧȦתͼѰұͻƿڡ
С侲ĿֻħޣĲ˵ҪǴʱսĻǵһģСζѡʱİ취
Ҳץᣬɫİը͵ֻɹŪֻһֻˡ
Сһ֮󣬷ħ޲ûл˼ԶˣħСһѸ뿪
Զһѩսʿǽ·ѰţʱʱĻᷢ
Ӧ֮ѸٳСķ˹
ˣߡһѩսʿϲ˵
ǰʵ̫ڻˣڱ͵Ϯ̶֮˼ֻܰǸһʵ̫ˡ
ʱսʿȫ߸ˡ
ĸߴͦεĺǣСǡ
ݵϣСһӵëޱҪߵģͻȻë޳Զ
ȻûãͿ߸ѩսʿˡ
ͷǸսʿܼİֻС̸໢ԴȻ£̵ְĻԴ
һġ塢ߡ
ˣûˣˡ
ͷսʿһȻһ˫ĿǸոճû۾

ﻹһֻ
͵תͷȥһ飬һġ塢ߡ
̿޹˫ۡ
𣿲˵ֻС̣ôаֻͷսʿɻ
⻹ˣͷսʿĻ֮սʿǷ׷׶С
ȥóۣȷʵǰֻС̡
ûǰֻ
Ҳǡ
Ҳǡ
ѩսʿûþ˵Լȷ֮󣬾͸ӵˡ
ǶСһֻֻ֣ĶһֻС̡
һѩսʿǣС㣬ľᣬ벻ͨľᡣ
ôһֻ
ͷֻС̲ʶ
ѩսʿžŭˡ
һֻҪĻҸģ̸Ūˡ
ôţѩӳ͸ˡ
ֻСҲǸҵˡ
µģѩӳ˸֮һսʿһֻС̣һ˱ֻѸķȥ
ѩսʿǺ˺ܶʱȷϣʵϣǴӿСһǵߣûӡ
ǣĪٻС㣬ĪϵҸģʧޡ
С㣺

128 

ѩսʿһ·ȫٸ·š
СʱȻҲûʲô˵, ΪҰ⣬ҪøӵΣա
ѩսʿ, ǿԿԶЩħɱĳ, Щҡ
ҲˣΪʲô֮ǰҢͷѵٻ, սʿˡ
ѩһսʿΪ, ˻ȥĴ, Ѿ͸ˣʵʱڣǿҵԸʲôͻѳص츳
Сһ, ͷźܶ壬һֺܻҵĸо
ӳֱӴһȥС㷢߾ۼźܶѩսʿ, Ȼ˵ǾۼأǴͿԿ, ӹòõġ
òֲʮʲô߰ĸֲϴѵ, ĵϰڷһڴ, ֮, Ļ㶼ֻʯͷ򵥵Χţ, ˮҲһڹ, ʳҪÿġ
ӳС̷֮, Χ˲ٵѩˣ裬һ𣿡
ôˣ
Сû飿
һһش˵ĻȻеˣˣãСһǽӽȥԵ㶫нЩǶһĸ쵰Ҹģ˸̻𣬾Ȼ
ӳ˵⻰ʱ϶ŭôȱµĻӣѾûгˡ
С̽ˣȻ󵥶С㣬˺ϣ˭֣
ô˵˶ԾĿС㣬Ŀ˸˼ͱϡ
ָŻûи״С㣬ŭ棬ôС̣ȻҲô档˭ģ˭վ
ˣôһָСʱˡ
ΧۼԼѩ壬ʱͷôĻԼû޲֪
δĻӻã潻ѵѩսʿѾЩС˼ôÿԽԽԼѾð˱︸
ۼһѩսʿȻҪˣС𲻺õԤУ̺ѩص㣬ǱҢٻġ
ʱģüҪӵ̵׳˶Ӱһˤˡ
ɲס֮Ƿ׷ŭһۣǻĸȿȣʲôǻỢء
СĻ֮Ҳˣ΢΢鴤ǿЦӴһֻС̰°

ۼѾˣһֱӾʹСȥóԵˡ
ô˵̵ôãҲҪȳԶġ
ǣǿмˣСʳĵطȥˣȻô˵ﲢûжʳݸСĶɰͰ͵ģȥ֪óԡ
̼Сˣ׷ΧʵǰȻǱˣǲԶģһ̧ͷͿԿˡ
С㱻Сǿɿˣ³ûС̣ײײСߣҪë
ϵҶźСǸʳȻƽǾġ
Сǵͷ裬˵˼仰֮ʹҴҵˡ
һ֮͵͵һֻ껢ǰҪСĵ֮һ
ǵģһֻոճ꣬ûüѵĻӣΪС̳úÿ͡
ۿСѾ˶˯ˣûüߣ£ͶС˫Ŀ۾
㶣û뵽߻һֻСû˯
ָܿˣ˵㣬Ҵȥһɣǲ档
С㿴ŕ˵ͷá
ԣͰСЩ꣬ѩԽԽ٣ٵˡ
ԭΪزҪʧˣû뵽Щǣƽ˻
Ҫ֪֮ѾܳսʿˣʱƣеĵԽԽأҲãСƽˡ
СĿϣЩѵǺһҰѲ̸ˡ
⻰һʱϵ˷׷˹̳ʹá
ĸӴˣ
쵰Ϊҵβ;ܱҿ𣿡
һоģƨƿҪ߹ȥˡ
˭ǰԣ
УѩսʿǼҪսһˣԣ˭ҪС̣˭š˭ˡ
ǵĻٿԼеС̣зĵ⣬ȽȥС̸ˡ
ʵϣҲûеãͱѩսʿǸ޲𹥻ˣǹһ׼ݰԲ˿ƫ˵С̵֡

129 ϣ

ͦ, ⧲ͱȸϵѩսʿȭȭ⣬Ǹоˬòˡ
Щ쵰, ҪﱧС̣һҪ
ȵȡ
С̣
ﱧŵСأ
æĴ̧ͷһ͸ˡ
ǿɰСѾЩ쵰Ǹ, ²Χš
, Щ쵰, ǵСǵС𣡡ŭ˹ȥ
üһһӾ͵е
ҪսʱǰȥĶӳˣҲûߵһսһǴҴҵĴż, ȥˡ
ӣ֪Ǻ¡
Ȼû, սʿֻ, شߵսʿȽ϶ࡣ
ոջѩսʿǣһ˲վֱ壬ѺõСԴȻˡ
С㿴ǵıӰջĿ, սʿȥʱ, һƬ, 鲻С
æͳһС, С֮˵ȴȥúϢʱȥ档
Сע⵽ôʣһطȴҪʱʱľͳ˳
С㱻ŻסʱѾˡ
С㣬ܵë׽һ£С㰴סСϻԴ˵Σеʡ
ıΣСߣһ˫¶۾
ʲôģСʵ
ңܳȥģȥˣǱ˵ˡ˵СС࣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôǲսʿ˵˲ܳȥǲܳȥ
ǰΪʲôȥ֪𣿡Сʵ
ħ޿Ҫˣ̶غˣˡ˵ţԲԲ۾һ˿ĵǡ
ôΣգҲѩ𣿡
زȥġҡҡͷССҲ֪Ϊʲôܻѩأֻ֪սʿǻѩˣЩС̾Ҫˡ
С˵ͷŵĴӿ˽һ㣬ϵĶȴûͣģһ㶫³ȥ
Ȼӿ˽⵽磬ѩǲ̫ѺõģҪһЩαװС
˵꣬ĿС㣬۾ȫ
úСģͦģһ˫ںڵ۾ˮ¶ȥ档
ۼС㻹飬ʵ㣬㲻˯𣿡
˯ʵ̫ģЩС˶ӡ
˯ɡС˵
ٵȵ㡣
ֵĿСŪЩɵԱû˵ֱ⿴Сһ˲Щߺϵı𽥾֡
㡢㡭
Ķβըˣ
С㿴˿βͣͷϵĶ䣬˵ýţҾǻӶѡ
ڿ𾪵£βͱԭģֱ˻ë޵ɵβͣǰѿŪˡ
Сβͣᣬͼ˵ѩβ͸ÿġ
ǰҾԵġСЦЦû˵ԼҪȥֻ˵˯ɣڸߣҪһǻ˯ÿ˶СŶ
Сɣ
Сɣ
ЩĿ⣬˵һú˯ġ
˵꣬СĿС㣬һҲҪС̶Ҫ˯ġ
ţ֪ˡС˵꣬ÿȥ˯ˡ
ȿ⳹˯֮Сųȥˡ
Сһ䣬ͿԶһȺѩսʿһڿ˵ţҪѩصĻǴѩ߳ҪѩȥģÿսʿҪȥ
ƭǣڵܲãѩսʿǲģǲܻصѩȥҲ˻ǻȥģ
Щħǰˣ١ҪǸͻȥ
ֻҪֲǾϣģѩص˻ڵǡ
ţҪȥ
С㴩Щ֪ǰλ꣬϶ԻѩصĪһ˲
ΪĲƵĻУСƴճ˵ࡣ
ʱѩһ˱ƭΣ֮أǼ򵥵ģȻߣȴǲеġ
Σķѩսʿ棬Ҳ취뿪Ȼѩ̲УЩѩ̲ʱģǺﷱܳġ
սʿ˵ĻЩǻ̼ʧȥȻ󡭡ȻûȻˡ
ûһսʿóľôЩѩսʿͨͨ
ûֵϢѩսʿƭȻΪǣƣѩսʿǲòֿÿһεħ޳ԼٸģǱɰ
СصţЩѩսʿǵλ꣬ʶǻڲĸ߶ŵ黰ȫǰŨҵϣ

130 

ֵϺܻ, ϡԿѩսʿǴæӰӡ
Ҫػˣսħ޵
С΢΢
֪ΪʲôԼῴЩȻŲ˳Ǳȥ
, ΪαװҲͲˡ
ܴкܶɣҲΪ, סħǳȥ·ڡ
Сע⵽, ѩĵڳ, Ҳ˵ǵ껹ڣֻҪһ޳ô׵ľѩˡ
ֻҪѩ岻ϣԼܵ˺ôͱȻҪս׵ġ
Ҳѹ֮ǰ, ѩսʿǣҪ, Ȼ˵, Ǵ̻Ǳغ˵ġ
ǰôţ޳Ҫˡ
Щλߣָһ㣬еλ궼һ, ֻҪƫ˵ط, ͿЩսʿǡ
Сһطͣ, ǰһƬשߡ
Ӧסĵط, Ϊħʦ˻ϲõЩϡ
С̧ȥƬϣһͷ׵ѩսʿ
עգϵƾˣģǰʱһǸΪǿսʿ
ΪСĿȥרעϵѩսʿͻȻһ£Ŀ⿴С㡣
ſţȻ͹һĨЦȻƮСߡ
û뵽ﻹиСһﰡǲ֪ڿʲôģеɵ
ĶԿƣǵЦȴǿļˡ
ڿС˵
սʿԭϷʵЦݶʱʹסˣ߶µ֣˵ܿüң
ܰСʾһԱߣ˵ǡ
սʿۿһʪˣⶼˣ˿Կˣúúãúӣڣʹڣѻִȥ
ŲŲƨɣƿóǰһֱػŵĵط
СûжʣֱӾͿʼצ
Χѩսʿǵλ꣬һ̣ȫۼߣͷ·Ϊػһ㡣
Ȼûǣ·Ҳֻۼһ㣬Сֻ֪Ҫʱ˹ЩѩսʿǾͻŷǿҵɱ
ΪСִʱС˲俴˵Ļ棬һ̣ЩսʿͬһǾʹ˽ɵȼ꣬һתĴۣ
ۿ΢΢ʪ󣬼ӿϵĶ
ܿġ
һŻӱС˳
ѩĻӵʼڣʷϲ֪˶ٸž޵ˣĴп϶ֹսʿġ
Сڹʱ򣬿ѵĸ츳²⵽ֻطġ
ЩȷʵǰѩսʿƭûûĻ֣ҲǺƭѩģǰ͵Ļִ˹
һսĻУѩսʿ˻֣˫չᣬȻʧȥ˻ֵѩսʿս϶ȶԷ٣ǡ
ֳ˯սʿǳˡ
õ˻֮С㿴һԵսʿӰڴʱѾЩ䵭ˣ͸壬䵽棬õС
Сû˵ǿսʿЦ˵һ仰ѾˣС㻹֪˵ȥѩһᷱٲʢġ
紵أΧѩսʿһɢֻϡܿǸսʿһȵĴɽһվԭأЦӰԽԽ
Сûлͷ֪ЩսʿĻǣŵѾ˵ħ
һ·񱼣ܵ˲䡣
Ϊֵĳ֣ѩǶоˣûԥģѩ嶼߸
СҲһμ˳ǰ١
һΣ֮صѩ峤ĿţĸߴȻڼС֮󣬻΢ɲļһ¡
ǻ֣ʵ
ţǿ߰ɣѾܴˣС̵ĻҸһħռ䴢ܴһĻһ֮ħռ䴢ͻʧĶֻһʱ䣬Σ֮صˡ
С򵥵˵һ£ħʵǲģϾû˭ַʽװҴۻôߡ
ڿ֮󣬵˵ͷȥʰˡ
֮ǰѾͳȥˣµļǳսʿԴҵжܿ죬ʮӾʰˡ
ħ޳ҪˣѩΪûȥ̲ô飬ߣȻҪߵġ
ħ޳Ͳǵ飬طĹأѩһϵûС
µģȷǶ֮پʹһĵˡ
ǰļֻС̱Ǽڸ첲棬ٵĿš
ǰѩסĵطΧҲպ÷ǣ˵ĻһʱҲᱻ˷֡
ֻҪ뿪С֮ǾܹǴϻȥˣѩ˶밡ûа취ȥܹҪȥһġ
һʱ䣬ѩ嶼ˡ
ٱС㱼ţţͷֲԾˣС̵黯񾪲㡭
ѩأҪѩذ
Сڰѿռ䴢֮һ仰ûü˵꣬˾ʧˡ
һߡ
ð߻ڵ棬ץ棬ĺԩ

131 

ð߿ʱ, ؾϿ˺СؾҲڶϳᡣ
ѩûʲôεģһгǵͱˣֵطħ޵ģʲôľͱˣĵ˵©硣
ˡһð˵
, Ҫ֪֪, ⱨӦɲ𣿻ǵؾ
Ͽ˲ˣʲôû, ƽױΪѲ˵, ػҪһΣ
ĲǸɵ, Ȼϲȿ, ϲѩ, û, ǸС̸
췢ð߾ԼҲͦԩģȻȷʵвٻֲ֣ǲƾ³Էһ͸ò
ǵʱߵģûô
ҪǴ򲻹ѩ̣ǻҪȥ
̫ˡ
췢ð, ޲ʱ⵹һǸѩ̾Ƶߡ
, ʱ̲ʧ, ǾͱѩսʿΧˡ
Ҵ, ⱲӶûмôײеѩˣ񣬾ŵ˲ҿˡ
ҪǣǻһˣѩսʿеΪ˸ĸϹˡ
췢ðֻҪһ뵽ʱ棬̲ס˶
̫ˡ
ãҪҲС̣Ƕܹűصˡ
Ǻģ˵û¸Ǹѩ̽г
˵˵ҪǷҪ˵͵𣿡
ǻЩؾ첻£ר͵˭֪û͵
ðߣ
ϲؾ
ޣ
ޣ
ݣѩսʿǽŵĶħ
Ŀɲƭ˰һѩսʿʵ
ǵѾôˣ϶ҪſˣƣҪðʱҸͷһУһġ
ѾˣؿҪ㰡еĻȥҲУ棬ǲġ۽Ǵ̵ѩսʿ˵
ĿţҪҪսʿȥǱ߽ˣĻҵԼС˵
ŵĿֱֱĶħѾЩû˯ˣ峤Ҳһ
ԴСʧվͲһˡ
ÿ˼ĵһ£ѯһ𣿴ߣӾҪɵ˼ƫƫҲˡ
Ǽˡ
峤װ֮ǰʳĽҶóˣΪľǻħĲϣڣƣ۾ˡ
ʵ֮ǰջܶ࣬߰˰˵ļȥ֧ûʣ¶٣ÿֻŬ񣬾㻨ǮҲҪСһġ
ڶһѩ峤˵ڵСһ㣬͹ܶ˵ĵˣοЩӳѩڶٶܳԱ˭Ҳǵ⵽˭ġ
ΧŵһȦ׻˸ħ۾ȫǽš
ʱ̣ܶѾ˺ܳʱˣ˸ħðȫʢĹ⡣
Ȼ˵һһСӰ
˶һˣСˡ
峤׵һǰǰСħ󣬷ǰֿȷû֮ŷſС㣬һŽŵʱָֻƽʱ껢ģ
㣬û°ɣһսʿæʵ
㣬оôһսʿǰ˵
㣬˵˭ŪߵģǸ㱨𣡡
㣬ûб۸
㣬˵ɣǵؾðߣ
㣬ô
㡭
սʿǺܿͰСΧסˣǹеĿС㣬ͷ·СֻҪ˵һ䱻˭۸ˣͻǰƴһ㡣
СոմħЩκģһת۾ͱսʿǸΧסˣʶ¶һЦЩ
ȻЦ£սʿǵõ˺ܴĻ⣬ȻĻΪѾˣûˡ
ЩÿֻãСʧ˶ãĸͶ˶ãûлͷԡ
Ȼðߺ͵ؾҲҺѩսʿʲôʱˣһͷǿɾʲôˡ
û£ǵˡС㻺һѣκ˵
˵ٻߵʱ򣬻ûоٻˣĲСػɣǲǳƵħ̫ڼ򵥴ֱˡ
뵽ƣͼίίļ㣬㲻Щ죬ʳöûʲôԵˣǲ֪Ǿˮ⣬ĲˣҪǲ֪ǾͲ⸽ˣҹʳöҪˡ
ĺίʱ˵ˣһķݵģС㲻ˣ͡ͳԲˡ
Ҳ˵ڵĲóԣǰҲǳЩģǰɣϰ˺öԺٻͷȥЩĳԲµġ
ҲôԭѩصЩð߲ԽԽ࣬Ҫм±ߣǶԸˣƵ궼챬

132 

õģ֮Ǹ͵ġ
С㿴ųίģ, úõĿ佱һ, ˵ʵ, Դҳߵļһѩ岿֮Ǿڿҿҵ, û͵
Ǿͺáƶʱˡ
С㻹˵ʱͻȻľͱһͷ, սʿһĳСЦЦ, ͷ˵, ԡ
ź, СĻﱻ˹ͷ
Сһ˲ĿЦá
һ̧ۣͿЩսʿŹͷ, һӣƺڿСĸطһҲûһԵĶȻҪͷûˡСǵ, ǰСԸһԼĹͷˣÿСܵ, δʱ, ڵĴͳǸһͷС̺úõĿš
ôĹͷ, ˵ůǼٵ, С΢΢ЦЦ, ˵ˣˡ
Ȼǣ˵Ҳ˵ˡ
С㻹ҪսʿǰЩͷæؼңƫƫһ·ϣÿһֻһͷҪǺʵ̫ˣСһˣջ񼸰ٸͷˡ
ȵС֮峤׺Ųûߡ
ոʵ̫ˣ˵ϼһＴʹ˲ԾҲûô˵峤׻ãǵľԼСίˣҪһһȥˣ˭ģ
ŵĿˣ֪ΪʲôСϲһǳǳĲָоϤϤþͷ·ص˾ԶĹȥ
ûд˵ϸϸϸϸĸţֻԼĴ
С֮΢ѹͷŵϺ󣬾Ϳʼ˵֮ǰԼٻΣ֮ص飬ʱҲ֪ǱߣҲû취ϵǡҾͳȥˡл֡
С˵ʱ峤Ѿ±ˣţܶ࣬ΨûСܵǱȥһˣҪǣл֡
ǻŵĺˣĿԼĿⶨĿС㡣
峤û˵Ǵ֮ҲԿûôƽѾˡ
Сûԥģó˻֡
һŻɫӣֻӵɫʮֵİͺ񱻺ľһ㡣
ʵҲȷʵǱľΪС֮ǰͰѩĻȫסˣȻפصġ
ȻԺֻһֱڻˣҲĻɢúá
ֻľˣǻֻǻǶĳ˯УҪָҪСˣûкü꣬û취
峤սսĽӹ˻֣һĻкỨڣڻˡ
Żһ𣬱𾪵˵
ǵȻȵ۾˿ʧȥƽأһ˫ֲڵĴ֣ŵĸŻ֣Сٿʱ΢΢ʹͷϣ档
Ǵʱֵܲã峤׺ŶҪγȥмѸ沿ˡ
Ȼ˿̵ҲҪôģֻСסˡ
ڻֵãǵʵҲûȥٵȵȰɣҪ֪
ڲѾֻѩĲˣЩ֪ѩĻѾһˣھͲǺù
ǿʲôģԼ͵͵ȽϺá
ʲô飬ǿԺ˵
˵е峤׵˵ͷʵϣЩСչ֮ʶĻĻȥ
֣Ȼ֣صİѻַŵǰ˭˭ɱ
ŶԴǺͬģ粽վ峤׵ߣϵƾˣһʱܳɱе
ŻֻǴ£Ҫòеĳѩ֪ġ
ϣ˶˯źѩսʿǷ׷ˣһûе߳ԼķӣѸ峤Ǳ߼š
ڰǸɻʱѩսʿյϢҪ顣
ƽصĻǸɶɲ꣬óѩսʿƣҪʱսʿıܾչֳˡ
Ҫ֪ѩսʿǣȥɻ֮ǰǿһֱսϵľӢܴѸɱе֣Ǽʱ򣬲ûһġ
ǹ£ѩսʿǶһ
峤׿ЩսʿǣĹ˸һ£ǶǺúӰܶ඼ųġ
죬һҪ˵峤վսʿǵǰ棬صó˻Ķ
˵ǵĻҵˣѩĴУӽ쿪ʼֻصѩأ
սʿһһѰŻ֣һһʵˣԺ󶼲ˡ
峤ǺǼѻ־ٵø߸ߵģҪеսʿϣĺɫӡ
꾫ӢΪ˻־սսѩսʿҲûѵ׳Ľ֣ٺʷѩһȱ塭
һѩصϼһֻˣͬʱ˲ĸ֪Ľ䣬ǻΪѩδѰҳ·
ѩսʿ𾪵ĿŻ֡
ǳĬ峤ĻԵֲԾľͽ
Ҳ֪˭ȷһ
ԭҹɫڳѩսʿǶ档
ʱûпޡ
Լȱʱûпޡ
ѩʲôûеĶ죬伸߾·ʱûпޡ
񡭡
ڻֹʱЩսʿǣ˭Ҳûס
һ̣ǵȵ̫ˣѩ嶼ȵ̫ˡ
֮ʱ棬ֱصķŻԭλãܻûȼһ˲䣬ѩսʿеĻȫȼ
ڶ죬ʱ
еѩð߶֪ˣѩսʿǱȴǰӿˡ
Ҫ˵֮ǰɣԺ˵ЩôģѩҲôΪѣںˣֻҪҪǮģһûһͭҶ֣Բۣ
˵ˣ֮ǰѩɶԣһ㼸ͭҵ飬ҲǼƽϣڲˣͭһûͭңøģһͭҶ٣Ȼץȥɻ
˵ð߳üģҪ˵֮ǰɣô㶫ҶƽϣҲʡˣڲˣѩЩ˱ҪǮ޲ðڴĽҶͳ͸˵ʲôٸͭҵˡ
Ҳù֮ǰж˵ûУǻûУѩǸսʿҲˣֱӾץЭ̣ȷһǱߣԼʱȥܹ꣬ʱȥɻ
ҲǣƽʱûкҼƽϵģǰûô鷳ˣѩսʿܹʮεͭңҪȥˣߵʱѩսʿָ˵ϲͷ
Ŵ󽣵ð΢΢ƽʱôʱûʲô˵˵ˣЩ˵ĸоˡ
ѩðѩӿŵʱһѩսʿǣҲѩظš

133 

Сʧʱ±Ƶ, úõ, ˵ˡ
ͬʱҲѩǱߵ˰Ūȥ, ϾúõĶʧһֻ̣˭ܲˡ
̧ͷҢһսʿ֫µСѩһĵ˵ͷٻ󡣡
, Ȼ, Ǿȸ·, ӦѩصˡŪԭί֮, ٹϵսʿǼ·
ǲһξͳΣ֮ص, ϴǵħ޳ʱ̲ˣһ, Ϊ˷ֹԼڵħ޳ʱº֣ǰͰǸתƳȥˡ
ѩսʿѸٵĳС·ȥԭȲ̵ĵطȻ·еԶսʿȫǰ֮, ǻǿٵҵ֮ǰĵض
ƿ˵ϵʯͷ֮, ѩսʿһСʱ, ڵˣһžһ۵ĻӦ
ûãһֻС̾ʹӺڰ˳¶ë޵СԴ
ߡڿӱߵսʿһӰС̸ŶðһСԴһֻðһ˺棬СϻԼ˳
ѩսʿѸٴһݹ᾵̸·ȥˡ
ǵģܡ
ѩΣ֮صǲٵģߵʱٲһ£ߵûôۣⲢûкܴô
Ϊѩսʿһħ޳Σ֮ϵջûѩķݣҲѩأΪѩĵλ͸ԭ򣬷ôûеĻȫռ
ôǿսǰ涥ţЩȻʡ¾ʡˣһЩеðߣÿεʱ򣬶Ĺעѩ壬ѩҵʲô
Ȼѩսʿ뿪һüϸ۵ļһ͵͵ѩء
Ҳûʲô˼ǿѩսʿǶ̵ıլһլħ޳˵ҪǻеȻǸˡ
üϸ۵ð߲ϵĿѩ岿䣬ıְǵ˲ô±֣ʼʱǺܾϲģһ·϶ûѩսʿЩһһڸʲôܵ飬ҪץˣͷˣĲ˵ҲܴѩսʿŪôġ
Щħ޵ʬ壬ѩսʿˣҲȥչģһֻҪЩǮˡ
ðĲ²⣬ϵĲ͸ӵĿˣһֱȵ뵽ѩ岿߻ûһѩˡ
һɲĸоʱͷðʱҲϱ¶¶ˣæѩһȦ
ûС
ûС
ˣûС
˵һѩսʿѩˣһﶼûп
ðѪɫʧܴţˣˣѩˣ˰ѩˣ
һӾ;˸ˡ
Ĳ˵ѩ£Ҫ
ħ޳˶֪ģǰȫѩսʿǰ棬Ҳѩ壬ѩˣȫ֮ᷢʲô顣
ôܣѩսʿҪǵ𣿡
ħ޳ˣѩսʿôܣô죿
һģһľƺ̫ˣҡҪѡħ޳ҪˣղǺܽţ˻ʱʱľ۾۵ġ
ȻϢ˻֣̿ĸоǲš
ʵʵٲΣһ֮˻Ǳţѩ˵顣
ǰɣôܹʱܣ壬Ƕˣ˭ǵطסˣҪǴ󷽣ܹסڳ𣿡һ󺺷߷߲ƽ˵
죬ڿȥ׷ѩˣô찡ɫӵ˽˵
׷ȥ׷ѩսʿսֲǲ֪ڳ˭ܹǸ׵սʿӣûڣҪ֪ѩսʿܣ˵ʲôҲҪ취¡
ǮǲһֱѩǮֻҪһǸǰħ޳סˣǾѩǮǻ˵ڻˣħ޳֮󡭡ɫݵħʦ̧ͷ˵
ԶԶԣǮǮǸлҲҾǹģȥҪ̳м尡
ȸ˵죬ɷȥϢˣҵټûУ
ôˣ죬Ȼħ޳Ҫǹˣǡ
ڳʱ򣬳Ҳˣѩڣǻ£Σָ֮Ǹǿһ㶼Ҫ
ģһ˲両ϵͷһжôĲһ
ʢĵİԭΣ֮ؽͷŸֻҡ

134 

ѩص峺ʵڵϡ
ѩ岿ѵõʱ, ԱʢС, եɻû취Զˣˡ
СǱקһˣ, ˿һ޿ſڵϣΧСȥˣ
֮ǰ㡸ʱ龰СһѵĲܹ
Ǽһｲʲôţ
ҪǵãֻһֻС̣ҪЩ, Ҫˣ, Ҫ±, Ҫ
ҪƻŶ
СȤ˦˦β, ͷſһֻûεСС, ˿˯úġ
ģûһ, ԼҲᱻЩһΧˣ
ۼΧֻ·߲ȵǣСľǿԴ
¶۾һС㣬ǰͷһߣҲ, յ˹ȥ, ԼСë
һһµġ
ڿļ, ·𲻰Сëøɸɾ͹ⷢģǾԲһ
С㣺
޿ˡ
ÿ춼ϴġ
ЩСһʵ̫ëˣǲϲԼԼëҲϲë
һСһǻãֻʱţ͹һſĵĴˣЩ׵С̣ʱžˣСԴСϲҪ̺ȡ
СǷǳϲëģ
ۿ⼸ֻ·߲ȵСֿҪˣСϿģͷ˯СŪԺվƵ⸽š
Զг껢Ǳſɹ̫һֻģСģ˵ˡ
Сֻ֪ѩսʿЩС̵ġ
Сÿ춼ڲ棬ǽÿ˶ʶģֻ׻ȻͲ̫Ϥ
һ˵˺ۣ̺ܰѾϺܾˣëȴǳģֻǰ̺۵ĳ£дΣա
ò˵ѩսʿ˵ʱĺܻ˵ģֻҪһ˵ַӱ¶ʵ
Сһ㣬Ҳû취ݹ۴½ʵǿ壬Ƕٶеȱݵġ
ڷܺϱȽѣѩǳħù⣬һЩȽ϶̡
Ҳ֪Ҫʮȫʮ壬ˡ
СģںڼӴ󿪿εȣЩǣҪһЩǳԵĵˡ
Сʱһֻ͹ˮС˹Ǽƣ˳ˡ
СצӣСԴϣˣѾˡ
ءС̻ϲĿС㣬˼ǻ
Լɣһ顣˵ţСͱΣǰѩ˵ģڱ֮󣬺ȻͨǱߵĴ׻˵Ȼȥˡ
ϵĴ׻ת˶ԴСһۣ˵ͷһ
Сʾ֪ˣȥСĵġ
˽ʱΣ֮Ǳߵħ޳ʽʼˡ
ѩսʿǶţ˵Ǻɵľ͹ȥˣѩսʿˣⳡɱɱǴֲ޵ֿ֮
ʵɣ׼ʱ䣬Ҳû취ġ
½ϵ˶֪Σ֮صĸģֻҪƴ׬ģֻںܶǰΣ֮صһֽ֮ء
ʱ򣬻ûѩսʿھס֪ضǻƽҲֻ̾Ϣţû취ȡԼá
ֱһ꣬ѩĻֶ֮˻ʺħѸٹϷΣ֮أʵ֤ǵľģΪ֮Σ֮صĲƸԴԴϵ˳ȥҲԽԽǮˡ
ϧ
⴫Ҳ͵Ϊֹˡ
һεħ޳ⷱǧĳЩҵ֮ˡ
ΪսĹϵûԸֿħ޳
˶кܣܶħޣܵȥأﶼǲȫġ
ЩͷðߣֱӾȥ˳ġ
ܲû£ЩӦнİ취ɡ
ϧϣȥϣˡ
˵ʲôȻ˵û취һƢĴ󺺵¾óˣȫǷŭ˵԰ȫģֻҪΣ֮صĳ棬Ͳ£ħ޳ˣǻ취
ǼˣЩһֱģȻΣ֮أҲԽԽˣⲻﰡ
ÿ취Щ˸ģڳ飬ͲˣҪ֪ʱ򣬿ǸǮģһ߼ħʦҲˣˮ壬ߣҲΪЩǩԼġ
ǵǿ취
㰡ǵЩʲôħ޶ˣ
ǰ㣬ҿɲҪˣҵĲǲŹǵģҿһε峤
һ߷׷״ߴţƽʱҲǿߣΣ֮صħ޳ͲˣȻҲֿûУֱӾˡ
ҪǷһǰǻܹԼŶܣڲˣ˵ħ޳Ѿˣħ޳ûпʼҲûſԴԽΣ֮أȥ档
ǶӶһѩսʿΪģѩսʿڣûħ޳Ҳѳȥģڰ·ϡ
ҲʱǲᵽΪʲô֮ˡ
һʱ䣬ľǵͷ
ħʦǺŪıϸάֲ˶೤ʱ䣬Щ廨ѾŪı֣ħ޳ʼûãͱЩħ滵ˡ
Ҳһ忴ħŵѣѾ޴ˣˡ
ԱߵĴ󺺺ɸֵץ죬ѵǾûͨ
Ҳ԰
ôʣѾ֪ˣǻǲģҲﰡ
ǰﻨŪģϧħ޸ƻˣͲŪˡ
ʱѾŵòˣϣʲôͨҪ֪Σ֮ЩһֱǲƸ֮أߵģǸҪǿõľӢ񡭡
ȫõǶ֮ʲô⳥
ôأ
ѾҪ˰
һ㶼Ҫﰡ
ħ޳ԽԽˣЩħϵһһʧ
˵ɫǳĲá
ֻʣˣȫħޣܵòģûطЩѾΪħ޵ʳ߱˺ˡ
֪ҾͲˣǺģһսʿŭİָħ壬ܵħ壬߻һˣÿռħˡ
ǣҪɱǣ
һۺ˵ЫֱӰѽ׼һ壬ʱĳԽԽˣһ֣ڳ滹һҪÿռħܵʱҵ˶塭

135 

Σ֮صϢջǴͳȥˡ
˶ⳡħ޳֮, ֻҪ߹ŶĿռħȥˡ
ڵʧ, 濪ʼµĺ, 񲻵Եͷ, Ҫ³ܶѡ
Ϊⳡħ޳УʧĶǸļ̳˻߾ӢҪ⳥ȥ, Ҳڴҵ֮³Բ
ûգЩΪۼһˣʧ󣬾ֿʼ档
Ȼ£ҲûҪѵѩģѾԹ˲Ͼˣܶ鶼Ҫȥ
ʹ
һħʦվ̨棬˻ܻİϵĶ˵, Щһ, һĶǲҪģôô࣬˵ͷ
ЩҲ룬ЩǴΣ֮˶ٺôõŴ𣡡
ˣһ̧ۣ˴ħʦվ, һ˵ô, ܲܰѩŪȥ
ȴѩǱ߰ѻָߵ, Ǳ˺ܴϣģϾûѩĻΣ֮ؾͲȥˡ
ûǿߣֻ岻ǵط壬Ҫ۵ģҪ˭Ǳˣ鷳ɾʹˡ
վ̨˻ʵʻȻϵı黹ͷϵĺˮȴû취Ƶġ
ȻȱѩѣɹΪ۹ȡ˻֣ԵģŭѩħʦҲýڵħģǸּôˣڣߵħɾҲ͵ħʦˣǲˡ
Σ֮ػڵʱǾƽ񣬶ǵǸּҵĹף񡭡
Сĵ˵ѩʵʵǹǿˣֻܴӻ֣ҪҲ֣˼Ҫˣ֣ȵļأΣ֮ʧģӦûǱߡ
ǿԲȥģѩǱ߲УϾֶûʲôôȴûôʱˣŵĻǵǿ԰ıʼǣ룬ֵϢζ취ǽ׵ģʱһܰ׵һЩѩսʿ
˵úȻȻеⶼΪ˵۹Ϊе࣬ԸһصļֻΪʤ
˻Ļԭŭı齥ƽ˵ţ½ȥˣȻֻиֲǻʼ֡
ǣԸ
һ֮󣬾ȥˡ
ʱѩصѩѾڵĹˡ
յڴϣѩ岿ܰ֡
ֵϵĳѩлεģ֮ʲôЧʸߣʲô̬£ðֻҪһ򿪴
ܹ׷׳ֵع߳ȥˣ߿һֻֻ׻·
̣
ǰʱǻܻϢʱ䣬ȥʳ˶ݵèˣԴèǰϢȥ֮󣬾Ҳûè߱ʲôȥɵĳԶ**̬ˡ
ʱѩСǻǺʱһһܹεģȥֹܼģСЩܹεľ͸㹤ʲôģЩ·߲ȵѩ̡
֪ĸ쵰ɥĲŪ˸̨ӣһֻѩսʿţҪױʲôģǮ
Ǹѩսʿ˵ţѾϵʱ䣬Բѩһæµ
ð߻ͬΪðߣʵЩѩ̲Ȥѩ̿ܵúأ̱Ͼֻ̣ԳѩսʿȤЩŮð߾Ͳһˡ
ŮԱĽǿѩ˵ǿ֮һˣܻǮǵ̷棬ǳɾ͸ҲǺ΢ġ
ѩ̳úÿһûĻӣʺ鲻õʱ򿿽ˣͬÿḷ́Ȼúÿ˵ʲôĶҪţȻָҪʲô顣
˺ͺ˵µĻҪôСﶼ֪ˣҪôյաСֽӣ֮Ǹ鷳
ѩС̾ͼ򵥶ˣǮԵģѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
ȻЩ֮Ĳ죬ҲðǺ΢ˣ룬Ҳѹѩսʿǰ̿ܵôˡ
ô˵ѩ岿޺ͨѩر߽·֮ѩص˾ԽԽˣкЩʵǺܺõĹ壬Լսʿر£ˡ
Ԥģѩ岿䷱ʢֻʱˡ
ˣҲҪʼˡһðߴñӺŶҪˡϴǵջܺãǴȰЩõġ
ţãϾȥǸð߹صϵĴӣ͸ϳˡ
ðߵľ᲻һʱѾֿ˻ˡ
֮ǰĵס֮峤׽ܶԵģȻСǱģûϵĴˣ룬Ժȥʱ򣬰ЩóЩȥ
һȥġ
ǲ
ЩʳﶼģҪЩǣԡ
ʱ򣬳ƻǿٵ̳Եеź۸⣬Ȼ֣ȥˡ
ԢˣҪǼͥסˡ
ǰһķӣкԺﵽڣٶǳְ
СʱѾڼƻʳˡ
ǰʱ䣬ڽŵĹУһѩսʿѵΪľǴѩ岿俪һʳ֡
ʲôȷʵǿʳóԵģΪصĹϵԱΪģҪٳԵøһ㣬ûġ
ǰѩ岿ͨѩرԵ·Ѿ޺ˣ½½в˹ˣʱʱԳԺȺȵİǣСãʱչʳҵˡ
ȻЩֻĽ󣬵ûϵС֪Σ֮صһ˺ܹܿˡ
ʱôһӢսʿȥҵĹͻɺܶˡ
Ĳ˵ЩΣ֮ػҴ˺üѩսʿǿ治ǴģС̣ǾӢսʿ
뵽С뵽Σ֮أ岻ȥˣѩûķհҪԺʵȱǮˣȫԼȥ
Сܿջ˼ڻҪȰͷòеģŰ϶ôͷѩʺϵ͵
ڵ˲֪ʱǿġ
Ѿ˵ˣҪģǺúõĻڵ¡
Ȼ
壬ѾĻ
ûܴ򵽱ϳȥ壬ܸ
ѩû⣬ҲǱȻģֻǳʼٸߣ˭Ҳû뵽ѩôҰˡ
ʱСűˡ
һ˽ʵϣǰ뿪ŵģ鼤ûС㿪ڣȲĽˡ
㣬㿴ҵʲôһڴĿС㣬ͷ·һʳһ㣬һ˫籦ʯ㾼

136 ڰѩ

˹˳ߵСǰ, Ҫ֪, Դϴ뿪ѩ֮, Ƿ
ȻСˣߵʳԼ֮ǰСӦǵĻ
Ҫ֪, ÿһ鶼ܹʱѩصģϴֻ֮󣬾ͱȥɻˡ
, û, Լ߳ԳԺȺš
Сǻȥ֮ǰ, ӦǣֻҪҵҪĸֶ, ͿԴһݵʳߡ
ΪˣСǴѪһ
, ڼ֮ھҵСҪĶҲСʱ, ԺĸоԼСҪֲػȥһҾҵˡ
˹ϽһСӷŵ, , 㿴, ǲҪҵǸ裡
ҿСֱϵͳһ, û, ϵͳͳ, Ǻһ֡
ô˹Ȳʵ
Ǻ衣ȼ֮СЦҵ¾ͽ׼ʳ㣬ҪȲ𣿵»ҪҵСæ
û⡣˹˵
ͲʲôС壬ʳﶼѾˣһСæѡ
С㿴ɵĬĬĴӣøպǰҪèɵˮ˺衣
һ֪ǲģС²Ҷħή͡һϵйչ̺󣬾ֱˡ
Ŷ豭һζ˱Ƕ
ɫȻƣζҷţڸϸͣ˵ǲˡ
սʿ˹ŵĶϵĲˮһڣһӣ۾
ȫûС㴦ֲôĺúȣǳķϹֱˡ
һСˮȥҲ֪ǲǴоˣƣͶһ㡣
ˣǹ棬һѩսʿټ̫ˣȥŸոճӣַħ
ȵÿˣ˹Ҳ͸¶֮ǰ飬ҲʲôܣһΣѩڹɭǱ֣߳Ҳǲϣġ
ʲôʱ򣿡Сʵ
֮ǰˣ죬ǵսʿѾ׷ȥˡ˹һڲˮ˵
С֪û˵˼һ˵鿴ǲ뿪ɭ׷ģѩѲսʿȥ׷ô˵൱Σա
ڹǽ䱸ŪͲĵĵز
²豭˵ԵĻϣܰǡ
ǿԣδץסܾܿǴ̽һ٣̫ƻˣܵʱ򣬴˺ܶ飬ҪĿĲǣҪһƬˡ
˹˵Ϸ飬£Ȼܲѩصʳּһץס
͹ˣҲҪСģħȻ٣һ㶼ǹġ˵
ãлл㡣Сϵĵлš
˵飬ۿɫҪˣС˹һ裬˳ʵô
úȡսʿһ㶼ûз˵
ҲôãȻǾҪ鷳һƬˣʱʵĲҶǿݲȣĲҶ̲ͲҶСЦ˵
սʿ˹ͷͻȻоԣһƬ
ţʲôʱ꣬ʲôʱͿ԰ʳˣҪǲԸĻҲǿԵģһӶĹæֻһµķˡСº͵Ȼ˵
սʿ˹
ͻȻ֮ڱէ·ϣ
ӶĹæôһ£Ĺһ¡
ҪԼǾһķݡ
ᰡ
뵽˹Ҫһ£㵱ô˵ġ
𣿡СҲż˵ú룬ҵʱô˵ġ
ȻһЦеģżӡ
սʿ˹룬ʱһֱڿСˣĻûһ䡣
ҲɵֱӾͨѶСˡ
ǣҵһ£ȫһꡣ
Ǵ
˹ΪһĹսʿǺܿĴˣһƬ
ΪѩΪй˽ˣ˵һƬǾһƬ˹ûԥģͽ˻ô˵ЩʳﶼԼģԲܱ˱ˡ
ĵȭͷأȻڳ֮󣬾ѸٵͨѶСȫʱӶˡ
ڣС΢΢ЦЦҲ⣬ⱾǵǰĽзĽŻ˸ɻ
ο뵽ôһϾѩˣƵӶĻùҵӣ÷ǲɣӶ⣬ǹڲ˽°æͲһˡ

137 

Сڹսʿ֮, ʰһ¶ȥ
ҪѸոյõϢ峤, ѩǺǻǵһǲġ
պõ, ųͿ峤ױű¨߹СǰѸոյϢ˵ˡ
峤׳Ĭһ˲Ȼ˵֪ˣһǱһµģһϢ֪ͨǡ
˵ţСԴ, ̫࡭
ǺĻû˵֪꣬ΪΣС֪Ҫ˵ʲôЦЦ, ˵, ȥˡ
, ȥɡ
СڵõӦ֮, ת, װûп峤۽ǵʪ
峤֪ʲôİɡ
ûж, ֱӾȥ档
Ϊ˿Σ֮ص飬ʹŴѩСˡ
ûֱȥѩ, ѡµ˼װð, ȰѻֵϢݳȥ, Լԭصѩš
Щ˻Ǻܸģٶȵѩ֮󣬾Ⱥĵط˸Ĵˡ
ȻǼװܲģй¶лֵϢ
һ˱㣬ѩսʿѯʵʱ򣬾Ͱһڰף֪ѩսʿȴûǰѯʡ
˵ΰħʦµıʼлֵϢ˵Ķ̺ڵѩսʿʱ˻֡
ǿǻְϧˣòϡۿѩսʿҪԶˣٴᵽ֡
ϧ˶ôĴѩսʿͺûһű¨ԽԽԶ
ô£Ϊ׵Ǹ˳˵
룬Ӧϵ̫˰ɡ̺ԥһ˵ѩսʿǰֵϢ󣬶᲻ܲ˵ĹȥѰңôûϵΣǧǿ϶еġ
Ϊ׵⻰ҲĬˣҲ뵽ǰôƭѩġ
ǵϢİ
ҪҧгˣҲ֪ǰЩƭѩϢʲôҪʱ̣ѩ˷ˡ
ȥԼΡĬƬ̺˵
á̺⻰ߣû߳ȥ߾ʹȵȣмˣȥͬĵط˵
ǣϴ󡣡
һ˺ܿͳȥˣûãǾֻˡ
ȻģûѩսʿԸǵĻʶûʵġ
ּҵ˶ʱˣһǰЩ˾֪ӬͷСһѩʵ̫ˣϢʱˣϢʱʶʡ
û취ģּΪ׵ְֻϢظ
յϢ֮󣬲ҧһ
еĲӣҧг˵ǣѱʼǸǣ
ǡԱߵڽӵҵԼϵĸֱʼǺ󣬾ȥ
ܿģּıʼǾ͵ѩء
ԭʼҪѩػôģǰѩսʿǸͲʣҪǳʼôȥˡ
ǾͶǰɣһ̷˵
⣬ôˣһҪǼߡּҵǸ˵
ϴͷĺˡ˵ţʹűʼǳȥˡ
һСʱԭ·أü۵İѱʼǻȥˡ
ô£ʵ
ҳȥ˸ѩսʿǰܹ˵ʼǵˣˡһ˸ط˸ѩսʿǰ˻ˣʼ׷ѱʼǻˡ˽ѵѩ̶׷˰ɣѱʼǰȵķŵˡʧ촦
ּҵ죺
ǣ
ۼ취ֲˣֱɡ
һ־ۼһ취ˡ
ǽʲô취ʧˣӶֶѱʼͻˡ



̾ţż򵥵飬̫ˡ
֪ǰƭ˵ʱҾ͸ŵ㡣һ˰˵
ÿƭѩ嶼ϵģеʱ򣬾˭ˡ
˰ɣ˵ʲôûˣǿ취ɡԱߵ˵
ǰûʱǡվŵصıȻһ˵



⻰׷׵̾ˣǿҪԱʱͻȻǰһ˱峤׼ҳС㡣
쿴һ˺ܻǵĽԱߵˡ
ʲô
㿴Ǹѩ̣ô飬϶Ǹģǰȥ㿴ô˵⻰ʱ򣬻ڲͣ˼ſԡ
Աߵ۾ˣڽܵһ˺ܿͷֹˣСߵģרȥģ˷ֹģȻ˸۲ġ
ڼƻ֮󣬾ĵĳС˹ȥ
С̣ðߣܺһ·𣿡˵˵ŵʱ򣬻С㲻ϿҧóһңҪԸĻҾ͸ˡ

138 ƨ

С㿴Īֵ, ٿΧǼԼ, Щɻ
ڷǼ鼴⻰ɲ˵ġ
ǼȻʲôĶܺ, ʦǿѩľӢսʿǺţЩ˵Ķǿ̫ˡ
ʱС㣬Цн𣿺ð
ŽҵԴϲ
СΪҪʲôʱ, ĪģԱߵˣ֣һ飿
ôµ, ǳǳҵ, ȻΪ˰ѩ̣
С߱˼, ȻܿͼӰ, Ϊ˷ֹ, С㲢ûа򿪵ģ³ʲô, ڼԱгѩŰݸӰ졣
ո˸ҵ, Ҳ, ûҴ򿪿С˵
Ӱ֪С˼, ˵ͷ˵߿㣬Ҵ򿪿
áС˺һ㡣
Ӱȷ˰ȫΧ󣬾Ͱ鱾ˣǣʲô鶼ûзֿһ£˵û¡
Сӹ鱾һ£ŷ֣ԭǸʼǣǸʲôģΪһѾģˣԲ֪ʲô֡
ķһ±ʼǣһ߿һ߸̾ʼԭ˵мһЩҳ˺ˣӦǼغħģСҲṵ̂
ĵֵʱ򣬱ʱסˡ
Ȼⲿֵǰҳ˺ˣ˲֪ʲôԭ򣬵Ǵӻֲֵļ¼˺ܾܿǵ߻ֵˣȻôġ
С㿴֮ɫ
ѩ尡
תͷӰ˵߰ɣҪȥ峤һˡ
ӰȻЩ֣ǵ˵ͷôˣǵһοɫҲ֪ĸġ
ܿģѩ岿ҪԱͶСˡ
ǸʼǱŵϣ˵Ǹո·ҵģдŸ֣ⲻҪҪ滹д˻֡
һӵĻԴ±ƵĿС㡣
һߣڰ˵ĸּ죬æϢ峤
һж㶨֮һ˵ǽţʲôϢ
ѩ֪˻ֵϢ֮ӦþͻȥˣʱֻҪΣ֮ؾͺˣּҵĻԻͻȥǵļݶֿһˣϾؿǴͰ
ߺ󣬸ּҵֱӾλϣ׼ˮˡ
ɻûѱ͵ߣͼææܽһˣһǰļලѩġ
ʱģͰѱӷ˵ææģ㿴㣬ʲôӰ
ϴϴ󣬲ˣǰҺͼֵ棬ûãҾͿǱʼǣͰˡ
˵ĵģΪʮþˣ֪СǰŲŰѱʼȥ峤ûã˰ѱʼǸˣ̲ҪҼ
Ϊ±¶ֵҲûϰѱʼǱһֱǱ߶ţûעʱٴ
ּҵıʼǱôͰɫһԽԽѿ
ҪѾǱʼǱ飬ѩߵȥȥΣ֮أ
٣
һ໰ʵѩǱʲôӦ
ûУûʲôӦһ죬˵Ǵžһƭ֣û¡
ּҵʱѾǷŭԱˣ׼ô࣬ѩ廹ǲȥ
õϢȥԼʲôĴһ鶼첻ãּǲҪ˵ġ
ȥԡ˵
ɽǣԼΣûõģѩսʿֹôôֵϢǲƭˣŵһӲˡ
󣬸ּҵְֻϢݻȥˡ
ǰŲյϢϾյѩ岻ϵϢڷһͨҶй
侲ʰһ·ЦȻֻöˡ
ͲţѩԸսʿҲԸòȥΣ֮أ˲ʱٸһ΢ĽҺˡ
֪ͨȥ͸ĽӦ˵¡
֮ŢСϡ
һȺѩ徫ӢսʿҵطϢ
Ϊո¹ĹϵлƮֲϢ
ҢشܻεС̣Ѳѷźãǰ׼˵ģѾȥˣÿó
˵кܶ෿ӣ滹кܶԵģǳԹǸģҳԹóԵʳĺ˵š
սʿһߣС̳ͻĻ¶˻ĵЦݡ
˭С̹ء
еκ

139 ҹ

紵ɭ, żһҹҰ޵ĺС
ѩսʿڵ֮, ΧϢˡ
ٰʳȥ, սʿŴ, Ծһһ, Ȼ󴫵ȥ
֪ѩʲôģһսʿ˵, ӳϣϡܹǳǳϣ
ܴɣҸ׺˵ǱһܴĺӣѩصģʱѩҲܴ󡭡
սʿ׳Ĵָ˵˵ŴӳǱĻʵĸҲûȥѩصġ
ȥΣ֮Ѱһֵ, ûһٻȥ, ǶǴӳĿ, һһĻ
ÿѩ嶼ѩصģǵ, Ӧĵط
ںˣҪعѩˡ
ź
սʿǻϲ, ĿֿСǱߡ
һֻֻСС, ݵ, һԶ, ʱʱĻ˵Ÿͯͯ
ô, Σ֮صһֱڴѹѩ壬ǵսʿڸʱ򣬰ֵǮħ޲ָ
һһĻ۳ĲƸ˵ǺܶˣֻЩƸΣ֮زʲôΪЩ˸ǻҵĻᣬԼ䣬洫Ŀռ䴢ǾԲܶġ
ѩԻ͵ʱ򣬻˲ٶģֻЩһһʹ£ˡ
ּķ磬ɫķǷ˪żͼᶨ
ڸѲߵѩսʿѸٵԱߣ˵⸽˵ĺۼ࣬Ӧһ
ȻˣǾȥңҪҪһѩذɡ˵ϢлǺܸ˵ġ
áѩսʿ˵꣬ʹȥˡ
ڶʱѩ峿£ʼѩȥһ·һֻһֻȥ
ʱѾϵˣԼжһЩȺܹҪΣ֮ģҪˣƽռô
ʼˣǾѩرȽԶģҹ̣һҪΣ֮صǿ⡣
ħȻҲ˵ģʱǻû˹ȥѩء
һΪߵλʵԶһΪƴֵħ嵽ʱֱӿȥ
ѩսʿöԸǵʱıߵȥħ彫ߵһ˵
ʹħ壬ڲϵҲǺܶģһأ˭ҪԼȥ쵼񵽱ˣȻñ˵սʿȥ档
ΪˣյϢ֮ѾһСʱˣûгֻʱ֮ͣ㡣
ȻˣҲûʱȥϢˣǻˣһ鿪ʼʱ򣬾ͻнˡ
Щ㻹ûӦ֪ʱ߰ɣпҪˡħ彫˵
Ȼڴ֮Ѿħϵˡ
ζͶħһЦһжڲС
ѩء
СΪΣѾʼ׼ʳˡ
һֵǳģʽͱĵطЩͬҲÿ涼һģиص㡣
֮ǰȻ׬ö࣬ʵĵø࣬ͿյһɶˣҲմǱߵ뻹ڳţڶˣҲˣմɵսʿҪܵԶĵطȥС㲻ǺܷЩǡ
ȻܽǾֻܹԴˣڼƻ֮ʳֺܿҪҵˡ
̲꣬вҶ꣬Ǻ«꣬޻ǵ꣬ʱǵ棬úģøġ
ȻҪĻտԼֿꡣ
㣬ⶫҲտ𣿡һѩսʿһ㣬Ǹո淢ֵġ
ʱսʿѲѩصʱ򣬷ֲҴģһ˵ǲֶģ֮ǰСѾкˣʲôûмľʹ
ǣˮϴսʿͰϴ跢ָˡ
С㿴ôһͦʲôϵͳһɨ裬㣬¾ʲôҲû˵ˣֱӾսʿϴϴۼȻˡ
ðС㿴ſϵ㣬¶΢Цǰϲ㴮ˣʶζãٳԾˣΪʱʮǮøݳġ
ζһ̣ԱߵսʿǾûˡ
㰡
ʲô𣿺õģѾˣԺҵˡһսʿٺܿ˺һ˽澪ϲ˵
ôó𣿡һսʿҲһ㣬ŵ波˳ʱصͷȷʵóԡ
еսʿ۾ˣҶ˵óԣһǺܺóԵˣÿ㡣
ҲҪһ㡣
ң

140 ս

Ե, ѩսʿǣҲֳˡ
, ҪǱ߿Ѿ˵ȫ
ȻҪܸ·̲ܵط, Թѩսʿ, ׷űʾⲢ¡
Ҫ
һת, ͹ȥˡ
һ, ѩʳʽҵˣȻ֣ȴһܳģԴѩ岿ͷߵβĽֵɺܶðߡ
ֵϺ֣ȫˣÿﶼվðߣҴڳںȾơ
µİ, ֮ǰûԹտ, عЩˡһð߸п
Ҳǰ, ʳһֱлû, ʳֺð
Ŷñ߱߳Լ˵
ҵǺã, ǳԲˬ, ֲȫ, ô, ִ򲻹, ںˣôĺóԵġɵĴ󺺴ںһ֮ˬ۾
ߣȥǱ߿ʳడҴûԹôóԵġһˮ˫̥ð̸߽߱߱š
Ȼֵϸ˳ȺӵһߣϾѩصĺܶ඼ǴðţҲǾӢðţҸһԶ̫Ѱˡ
ðǳԵø˵ʱ򣬳ʳֵѩսʿǣеѩսʿǶѾ׼ˡ
ǰЩ˵Ļ˻ɣټ֮ǰΣ֮ص飬С׵ľԵɣ˺峤Ѿ۹ˡ
ԭ֪ЩʲôʱģʳֿҪʼʱѩսʿԵķѩ岿ЩǣͨѶӵƵˣҲͲ²⵽ˣԷֵʱ䡣
ʱ峤ѾսʿˣΪ˱ôﵽ˻ĵز˺ܶСħ
ȻʲôҲûٵġ
ЩȫҹģΪ˷ֹðߣȫҪ֡
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬СҲѾתƵ˰ȫĵطֻСһ⻹峤׿ǵԺҪԵ󣬲ǿͬġ
΢紵ѩսʿеÿ϶飬Դ
ʳǱߣֵġ
ѩ岿棬Ѿѹս
Ѿˣ٣ϢҲңӦǺüҵˡŵɱƾŷеһζȷ˴ŵķΧ
峤׵˵ͷʱһƽͰүүģͦΣϾĿǱߡ
ûá
ʹžӳˡ
վڶǰˣĿ͸Űþòˣѩ峤
ѾΥ˹ٲ˳ĻҾͲˡ峤ͦĿ䣬͸ӲĹǿ
⻰ЩѩĲʶʱ񣬻ֶûˣôЦ㻹Ǻ͵һһ㶼û䡣
Ҳǣ͵һһ㶼û䡣峤䵭ϵѾڽǿˣȻûжĺЩ˴򽻵
ɫ΢䣬һ߰ѩĲʶȤһ߼æ˵ǨΣ֮صģ֮ǰΪѩЩųˣôˣڱ
ޡ峤װӲ˵Σֲ֮ѩأƾʲôǸȫ˭˽ң˭
⻰ɫˢһޱȣŭô˵ǲˣ
ȻԸϣԼҵĻʺ˽ҵģ˭ѩأǲԸ⸺Ҳ븺ΪЩȥ˸
ȻǲǾͱǲˡѩ峤ķӦģ˭֪ȴһĵ񣬶ʱŭɶˡ
Ӷħȵһ̣Ѹٴˡ
ʼʱ򻹺ãЩѩǱһ·ˣɺͲˣȻмˡ
һսʿʱʱľΪԭ򣬻ǻˣֱӱѩսʿܵġ
ӿɶǣЩѩսʿϣȻħ
ˣˣϣͷųһͻ֮󣬿Žڽڰ˵ļҪˣǵΪʲôģϣϣ
飡
ں仰󣬾̵ˡ
ԭ
ڸոգŵѩصһѩսʿǣѾȫˡ
ǱΣ֮سģһӾͷ˲ԵĵطѸٸϹ֧Ԯˡ
һոջعѩսʿֱӾʹӺ󷽰Χסľӣǰѩսʿγ˼л
ٸǴֱ͕Ӿͳ嵽սһӾͺҪԱӲˡ
ΪӵսʿѾ߹εܻģȫǾӢеľӢŴ嶼ǲģ˶·ɵľӣǲˡ
һʱսڽˡ
ȻʮַѩľӣôϢȫˡ
У峤ĨϵѪˡ
⡭ãոջһѩսʿսЩ±ƣһɵһ
ΪʲôѩսʿûаЩ˸ɱģúҲûº֣սʱ䡣
ȻЩôٸµģľӣܽøǡ
ȿȣҪǣЩ˶ǡ⡢Ʊ峤ѩսʿɻУѸٰѽµһħʦǺúˡ
˵ԽǿĵˣԽߡ

141 

ſڵ, ѩսʿ³ĶԴţоᶼҪˡ
Ϊּҵ峤, һõģõ, סõ, ˴ڵϾ, ȻӰס
ɶ, Щѩսʿʵڲ
ǰսʱǱ˶, ȫˡ
ŵææ㵽м䣬ЩѩսʿҲ֪ʲô裬һһԹӣߵȫĿȻϳˡ
;ú, Щʲô˰
ŭߵѩսʿͼ֪Լǲ֡ġ
̷ѩսʿû˸߲ҵİ˸, 쿴ովǰ, ӦǮġ
üۼ䣬ȫǻֺҸ, ۾, ּˡ
, СӸ, ҲҸոտˣҲӦúֵǮ
һѩһħħʦ齾˿һ˴̫ˣ㱻ˡ
ȱſģЩŪȥеడеңŶˣҪȥţ˵˭µ֣
ѩӳһߣʱŭˣЩѩսʿ쿴˵ģǸ߹𣿶Ǯ
ϵĵоսʿûüˣЦݾϡ
tmѩ壬ոջΪϺѩн飬ҪԼһԼšѩսʿڿҿҸɻʱǱ»ѩսʿǣҲѾڽܾˡ
ٴսʿţԭˣǽҰ
ûҪ㣬кܶҪʱǻҪϢȥǹġѩսʿ˵
İɣһһٵģԲ©һ֮ٿٵĴ˾ȥɻˡ
ûʲô˾ˣڲˣһһܣ
Ӱ쵽ҹȫѩ嶼ѩ߸ɻˣɾҲȻæ˺ܾá
ȵһȺսʿǣ˼һҹ֮峤׶ʱŭˡ
̫ˣ
һվɶ壬˵ʮ˵ģֻ򣡡
ҪٶٸҰ
̫ˣ
СʱҲˣ˵սŹģһѾõĵоǣЩĬˡ
ôͣҪ֮ڰȫ𰡣Ҫʱ䳤ˣ˾Ͳˡ
ʵʱ䳤ĻҲҪʵĸԵģǳԣҲԿһѩģ󶼻ùġ
ô֮Сߵ峤׵ߣ˵ôϢͳȥ𣿡
ͳȥˣҵսʿֱЩϢˡ峤һ˵ˡ
ʵϣ׬Ǯ飬峤ǴģսŽЩսʿǾͳˣʣβ
ʱ򣬸պ洫˶ǰսʿˡ
峤ѾϢȥˡȻսʿ˵
ţãȥϢɡ峤׿ͷ󺹵սʿʾ֪ˡ
½½ģսʿҲˡ
ʵһ˵ûôģǲܵ˵ϳȥȥ棬ص˴Ϣѡ
ǵģ壬ЩսΧţѩսʿֻǹȥҪϢֱЩ˶ѣԼٰϢȥ
֪ͨҪϢЩѪյѩսʿǣźĿ۸Ե֪ͨ󣬾ģҪǸһ𿸻ѩء
ȻˣûôΪİЩϢ˿ȥû֪Ҫˣźġ
ڿѩսʿ뿪ҲˣȻǲ֪ѩ˼ıܸǣϢĻ˳ɾҪˡ
ĻܶȲϢȥͱˡ
ˣЩߵʱǺ޲ħ
ܵÿ죬Ҳһ㡣
̫ʱѩսʿǲϢšԭΣ֮صѩսʿˣܶ࣬ȻĲã϶з²ܵġ
ʱѩصѾΣ֮»˴һƬˡ
Сغ峤һϢԼʱģǱ봫Ϣ˭֪Щûڲٵļһ᲻ǰء
ҲǸɵŵģһǲܲġ
濴ȥʱŴ㡺ӰսʿѾڷϵһЩ˵ħԴˣЩͷģһܷŹġ
Ȼܰİ
ǮͺˣħǷϵĺá
紵ķСüʼյȻƽ

142 

ʹ
, һȺ˳ϻ̳Ͽ㷲
ŵգʱһ
ѩǱߴϢѾСʱ, Сʱ, ˻ʾû¶Цݡ
µ˷׷׵ͷ, Ҷԡ
һ, Ϊܹս˵, ɳľӢ, ҲΪ, ʧҲġ
ɶ, ѩǱ֪ͨ, ҪȫǽңҪһƿʥˮˡ
ֱ, ôͽȥ
, ȥĻôЩֻز, Щ˻ز֮͸ճˡ
λ, ˻ȻҲ뵽Щ, ɫøӵˣֽȭͷ, Ŀ, ȻҪ, Ǿ͸, Ȱ˸˵
ǡܿȥȡˡߺ󣬴ڵգƺӲƽˡ
΢شݡ
ѩһķ²ѾŽˡ
˻ǱҪǺܾòһǮ˵ǺܿģǺܿˡ
ԭǮǮ
ߵĸ߽սʿ߽ħʦȫˣֻһڡ
ʱ򣬸˵ħսʿˣô԰˸ˣ
ȻѩأѵҪԺĻ᣿峤׿ħսʿƽƫƫŵˡ
ߵʱɫǲÿģҲ֪ΪʲôѩҪȱ˵һˡ
ôٵĹΪѩ巴ڰЩɵҪħսʿֱߵļԭһѾ
ⶼʲô鰡
úõ˹ôˣҪǵļЩ治ȥˡ
ڣЩн׵սʿħʦǻãֻˣȻǮҲ˵㣬ʱ䣬ֻˡ
Щͽ׵սʿħʦҲûֱӾˣǮǲܻǮģЩ˴ȥҲûʲôá
λħսʿһˣѡ񶼲࣬ѸôߵĶˣʣЩʵõģͶѩߡ
ЩĵģǴһսʿħʦģϵùȫˡ
ûã˻ǱߵҲˡ
ܶҪ˶ץˣǱ߾ǲû취ˡ
ҪȼһˣܰѶǡ˵
һۣ˵߰ɡ
С㿴ǣվڽû˵
嶼Ǹģ߲ǴͷңҲֻ˻ʲóҪĶˡ
С֪ʥˮⶫѵãⶫ䷽Ѿʧˣһһ㡣֪˻ʿ϶еģ̰ıԣһŬռĶġ
Сǻۣⶫ˻ʶŪĻˡ
СҲֻҪһƿģϾ˵̫ˣܹö֫ҩˮȻԽԽˡ
ȻҲôôġ
ǱֻԸһƿԸңȻɣСֻͬˡ
ģߵķ²ѾԽԽˡ
ȵϵʱʣµȫǲԸġ
Ĵݵء
ڲݵϵСǣһɫ԰׻򾪿ֻ򲻷ޣ֪֮ԼҪˡ
֮ǰ˵ʱǻܹˣЩ˶ˣʣЩˣѩؿտҹ˶
СҲæһ죬ҪǣҪæˣдĻŪˣʧ֣Լˡ
Ϊ˻ܹõգЩһİֱϸĵĲ񣬺޲ðһٱ飬ȷûи
С鶼֮󣬿Ųݵϱʣķ²Ŀ֪ͨɣѾˡ
²֡
ȻҪ
ѵҪɱ
һӵģѾ̬õķ²ʼʹˡ
ЩɱģǶΪ˭̰Լץˣû˹ˡ
Ϊ⸺ĴȾûãݵϵķ²еڿԼֵеڿԶˣеڿԼ껪Ҫˣ֮ɶһȴ޵ͬġ
ʵû˵ģֻЩǸԸýһǣһսʿʶˣ䵭˵һ䣬ǶǺģǻסǵġ
סƨ
һ㶼Ҫٹ⣬ֻҪŻصذ
Щ˸˵Ļˣ˺Щ˴ʱرĺޡЩץסѩ壬ǸԼĲ䣬ڲôӦսġ
С㿴ݵϣһȺǣصĿţʱЩ±ơ
Щһôˣ޵ôģ
Ҳûʱȥôˣһѵûء
ʱС˻ȥֽһսʿ˵ȥǼҪҪˣһ٣ʮţʣͳѩء

143 ʮŽ

ڻȥ·, ȫɫ
ʹѾȳˣлǳ˿־塣
ѩصʱûлŹܹϷˣѩҲһܣץסʱ, ûлŹ, ֪ģֱħԴ֮ų׵Ļˡ
ûʵ, ʲôȸּҼλá
µ, ظ, ȫǸּʵ, ǸԼһ, ʵˡ
֪ȥҪԵʲôˡ
ǸͲŹ, ּҴͲʲôѺü壬˽ǵıԣ, ͸̸ʲôˡ
һֱΪʵ, Լ, Ϊȡ˸ϼλõģǡ
ΧˣּҵĺʱѾһ˵, ˻Ҳе
߿, ǰ, ǻҪȥһսʿ㹧ûеĴߴ, ǰǲܵģһ㶼£˶ˣּҲҪˡ
ĵĿջߡ
ʱŭ棬ܿģǿѹŭһԵš
ʱ򣬶ԷǸսʿѾͨˣ˳ͻԿֻ
սȭͷ޺޵ĿǸսʿĵ׵кͿֻȴһʤһ
һߡ
˻ٴϢʱֱӾͱˡ
û뵽صʧôأɳиּҵģкܶ඼׽ļ塣
Щ˱ˣٲҪģȻﻹ˿ϸ
˻ʵı鿴еҧг˵ѩ壡
ʡһħʦվ档
˻ʷŭƣĻ˻֣˵ȥɣͰոո˵İ죬õ㶫ȥ
һ㶼˳ǰΣ֮صѩˣѾһˣսҪֳȥһʣ񡭡˱۾ſʱѾָһȡ
ȻûмӣֱˣΪſڴҴҶˡ
ʣˣѩûɱЩ²ǵ洫ϢˣҪԸˣһٽңʮŽңǻ˻ʬ嶼æͳѩء
˻սʿĻһûסϵĶͷˣݣѩ壬һרŻҺµģ
Ϣսʿվ棬ͷ˵
ԭ˶ΪѩɱЩ˵ģû뵽ǾȻϢݳȥˡ
ҪǣЩҵĵطȫǸðߣ˻˵Ļá
ϢҲߵĻֹǣû˵壬ʱҲˡ
꣬˻ʵ˵
ı鲻ôĻƾĵġ
棬ѩϢǴݵúܿġ
սһҲûʲô˹˵ѩҪ飬һӾ顣
˵Щμս壬ֻйϵĴˡһð˵˵꣬νĳһڿ⡣
ɲǣûȥҲȥˣǾòףѩսֲǴģ֮ǰ˵Σ֮ػһѩ壬Ҹǲȥˡһñӵ˵
ֵܣҲǴȻʱҲҪǸĿˣģһ٣һҪȥúõЩŵֵܽóһ١һͷ˵
ҲҪȥúТһҸĸˣ㶫ȥٸңùؼʱû˹ˡ
ǻ˵ҾûôˣȫҾһԣҲҪȢŮС
˰ɣҪǱץˣҼЩֵܽãһģԶ꣬һڶ죡һŻɫ·ðֻҪһ룬ˡ
ɹҵģҪԼźýҰؼʱ̣ԼԼг·ġ
ҺǾͲһˣǰиѩѣÿ飬һĵùˣҲѩ壬ֻҪѩ壬Ҿ֪ͨˣڽð߽˵
СðѩѾˣԺ󡭡Ҫֵǰ
û뵽
Ǳˣ˭֪ѩһĽ
ðŵĵ⣬ȴԽǫˡ
뵱Ҳðиһʯͷ꣬ġ
ȻǣûһٽңЩҲǲ֪ġ
ܿģСƹ
ȡ
ȺȺȣ
顣
һȰţںȾƣڳ⡣
ѩء
ۿЩߵˣǰЩѩصķ²ǣ˸ˣ˲
磬һˣڵı͸ľ֡
ҳһˣҪѰ̼ģôץˣӿµǣҲ֪ĸֵܽǣ˾ʮ
ʮ
꣡
һӵģСĪɭɫҰף˻Ұˡ
վǰѩսʿôˣҲǰ˼⣬ѩ廹𣿾һҲ϶
ǲ⣬ǰ˸㵽ʱЩһȥԼϾ˵ˣʲôʵĺãȻҪͣǾʵİɡ
ȵȣȵȣǮԼǮĪɭһӱѩսʿĶˣæ޺˵ԼǮҪԼǮԡ
ϸ׻أԺŲôȾʮŽҶɣ
Ҫôˣڰ鶼ҪȥɵЩҳʮŽҵĻ
Ǯ𣿡ѩսʿɵ
Ǯͱ˰ɣһ̣ѩսʿЩ΢ŭˣ´һۼŵˣǲǼսʿһ㶼ϸȻбģ
ûСĽ£ѩսʿߵͨ·ߣǹҪ⳥ЩץסҪֵǮĶ
ȻˣǾͱŴһҳѩأУһͭҶУ·Ҫģ
ĪɭѩսʿĴ£߳ܵץڱҶ˵ҼǮԼҲ˽ǮҸԺһŲ㲻ҪɱҰҲۣ
˵˵ţͿˡ
޲ϻϼңø׸ϽŲһ֡
ѩսʿһ룬һսʿæţȻȥˡ
ڵǼǵսʿӦһ֮󣬿ûпĪɭϵǼǵĻȻϸĻܶ಻д֣ȫȦȦеܶȦȦֻܹöˡ
ڵǼǵѩսʿֳӣĪɭҲǲܵģսʱʵû֣ѩսʿǰЩħʦ߽սʿǸſ֮󣬺ߵ˾ԾͶˡ
Ǹ߽սʿôѩսʿ¶ſˣǣֻҪһ£ˡ
ĪɭսսڽϢʱСѾյϢˣЦ˵С尡ûϵѩĺѡ
Ҫʮ

144 ˦

ս˦֮ѩ峤׾ͿʼʥˮĹˡ
Ļ̫Ҫ, սʿ廹սʿֻսʿ, Ҫʥˮ, ֮, һ¾, ʥˮӦսʿӰȺȡ
ڲ氲ȫ, սʿӰǰǾӢսʿģ˲á
ǾȲҪ, ԺûҲûϵ, ǶѾϰˡսʿ˵
ǰûʲôϵģӰðɡսʿЦ, Դӻص˲֮, һֹֻۻˡ
˭˭, Ҫõġսʿһν
ǡսʿӰۿʪ, ˵ʲô, ͼѾʥˮˡ
һսʿӰιȥˡ
ѩ򵥴ֱ磬ڰսʿӰź֮󣬾Ͳˡ
̫ߵһʱ򣬾ðŻˡ
һ˿ȥһ, ջҲԿ, ǳķ
ʱ, ȫûȥݾƵϢһµ˼Ǽææʳָȥˡ
ȵʳ֮󣬾ʹͷһҳˡĲʳģĿԺȷֻҪͷԵβˡ
ڳԵˣһ£ֱҪŪˡų˵
еŽ׽˼£Ҹ۾ζһûԣɲˡ
Ա߾һҲٵĳ⣬˵ˣֻæӦ䣬š
ʳһѩ⣬Ӵ˲㰡
ΪĺӣƽʱʲôûԹǱѩԵòУζһ㶼һ
η嵽ƴѩ㣬ٵѾôð߷ѩ㣬Щоǲ˵΢
ְһ֮СС˿ĽС
֪ѩжʱͲԸԣ㡣
ȵڸˣѩֻҪܾϸذжĲִͿԳˣûдɾǺ׿óġ
û뵽߳Եô࣬ʳְһսʿ˵
;Աǰ㲻һʲôԣʱ˿һзĿӣֶҲ֪ѩǴŪģԡ
ڴҧһ֮ð߿ʼ׽ţ˿ǻֻҧҧһȥ֮󣬶еزûģ̫óˡ
ǿЩóԵģһǰѩĲʷＦȻôĳԷ̫óˡһðϸĸſļ⣬ԽԽϲֱ˵ĸо
̫ˣ³տʵ̫óˣҾϲģϵħζҺ䡣
һóϵħħʦϲ㴮ͼƼԼԵģԼû˵䣬Ϳʼͷˡ
ڷսʿһ㶼һԱ˵ʱѾһ˸ɵһֻãζŷĿ֣ûԹ޷ġ
ųҲǣʼʱ˵һûˣҪ֪ЩѾ̫ˣʱ۵ĶǳԵİ
ȻʱҲûʳԵģڳѩʳ֮ǸͳԲ±ĶˣԭµļƻֱӾͱǸϸϸϵģһ¾ˣȻ˻
һ棬ûħ޸ˣȴĲԼ֮ˡ
ƾ˭ȫóԵʳİʳ֮󣬿϶ҲǳԲ±Ķģʳﻹǰ˻ǣƲ԰Ρ
ѾܾûгԵѩʳˣֶʳǿҵĿѩ巢Ĳõ顣
˿ѾȫǸľŮˣ˿ǻʳۿˡ
̫ûгԵˡ̫óˣҪһֱšǵʱ򣬰ظɡýˣÿ춼ԹԡұʳжᶼˣĿų
ųôûϢ̣ЩҪˣⲻ̣ҪǴ˵ĻҪˡ
̣ųݺݵҧһ㣬˵ӣҰ𣿡
ܰᣬúõģѩ˻Ըھ
ԣΪʲôҪ飿
ųݺݵĿһң˵ˣǲܵġ
ҵۿֺˣ¶ŨصĲᡣ
Ҿ;ԶһҿԣҺݺҧһʯ⣬ǰļᶨ
Ȼ˵ţϵĶһһ죬ҰһƬŵʱ򣬾ųѾһ鿾ŵˡ
ûģˣ͵һӵ⣬ʲôʽģǶˣֻΪ˳ԳԳԣ
ʱҲѾð½½Ĺˡ
ôó𣿿ǳԵӣʵ㰡
İɣѩʳǿһϲǸˣζˣҪ֮ǰսҲܳȥ̫ˡ
ͻȻܺ氡˵Ǹôó𣿡
˲֪ˣ죬Ǳֹˣƹ춼ˣҪ֮ǰ飬عƻֲǣûȥ֮ǰѩʳã㶼֪ʵжҪ
ǰֵܣ֪ǸʱһгԵġ
СЩ˵ĺ棬ʳţǰ쿪ҵʱΪսӰ죬ʳʵЩ䵭Щ˵ðѾ½½Ļˡ
ʳѾʼˣȫˣ죬ľԽԽˡ
սЩңѩѾ˷ǳˣǲ֮ǰĲˡ
ЩĽңҪһЩıûָղУûҪŪ㰲ıʲôģϾ滹˯š
ҪֱñᱻܾɣСֱҪ︴ջˡ
̾һ
ѩнҵӣǷַսҰ
ʱܻɣЩǲ̽ްҪĲףҪãǾ͸ҪѵĽҡ
źǣֻѩûп
̫˻ˡ
Ĺģ黹Ҫġ
峤׸սʿѽĻջ֣Ѿˡ
ʱ
ȻСҲûţ˵ǸŴʵ黹ͷϵġ
ݵİѸոջعѩսʿǰźãźܶҲϤСһѩȫͶ뵽˷ӵĽȥˡ
ѩص̫ˣԼˣǱ˶ѾסˣкЩðء
νǮ׬˵շɱɶˡ
ѩķҲԪˣӵסͥסС
չһЩѩʯѳ¥¥ǿҡң¥ϸ¥֡֯䡣ݶΡΡεװΣеĸߴݶҲѩĴͳͼǽеȸ񣬸߸ߵʯ̴ѩ״ꡣ
Ϧµʱ䣬лƮŴ̵ζ
֮ǰջ˴Ľңʱѩ嶼ֵףţ˭һſ˳ԣҲƽԸ뱥ˣǳսʿǵʳǺܴģճҲǿǵʳֻҪ˲ˣͲٳˡ
û⣬ÿ˶ܻ֣ҸЦݡ
ԳԳԣǶҪſ˳ԣһѩѩսʿ»ѩսʿš
֮ǰ֪ʲôζˣóԣѹðôϲл
һΣ֮ػĻӣһðŽлǰ߹ӣҲлóԡ
ҾͲһˣϲǿһֻһ˾Ϳȫˣã̫óˣҵһγԵôһոջѩսʿʱѾԭΣһͷĴ׻ſڵϣ۾ͿԿҸ
ֵܣѩػ̫ҸˣҸոջʱ򣬿ǷӣһҳǱΪǱ߾ǮĻˣס񡭡ãЩð˵ѩ߶ڳѩţǻ˺ֵܶǮħޣԺ͵͵
һ˵ţһ¶ɫС˵ʱһֱС̶صΣ˭Ҳûдƣѩأ֣ԭѩĺܺð
кܶóԵģÿ춼ڣõ˭ͻȻˣС̣ԵԲġ
￴ķӣĽֵԲ󽡿С̣˺ܶǰ붼Ļ档
ôţѩսʿۿ΢΢ĺˣðΣ֮һ㶼һҲһ㶼һ
Ҫ
ϲѩˣҳԹóԡ
ǿһɻʳûС̵ĵģɺóˡ
ðð
һСںԺ֮ǰӴ̧ͷˣѩ̻ãһֱгţΣ֮ػ̾ͲˣǳԹóԵĶÿһܺóԣ֪ĸԼˣֻԼ̫Ҹˡ
Ա˵СǣȥţսʿеϢед裬еڽǰ顭
ôĿģҶܰ
ѩ߿ֵʱǱѾˣһδǿѩսʿڸᱦƫƫʵǿδʧ֡

145 ħѩ

СʱҲѾյϢ, Ǹ˵˼
һ, ͰѸҪ, ʱǷ
С֪Ϣʱ飬治˵
ѩͦƽģǷ飬ҲûʲôҪ鷳
ʱ򣬸ոմΣ֮ػѾʼɻ, һСĵĴʯ·߹һĽߵķӡ
С, Ҹ, ǰ붼롣һŹߵĺ˵
Ϊ, Ļˣϣÿס, ͹ͷ
һ˵Լ, ʱеˣʵλֻҪ뵽ˣʱ;ַ, Ǳ
ʱ, ѾСǴܹ, Բ, С, ֻһۣҪϸϸֱ棬֪ЩǸһ̣ЩѩزˣǶԱ̫ˡ
ʱСǻϲʳǱȥǰʱ䣬ϲȥжð߻ˣԴè˰ϢӾĴȥԺǾҲûܹһðˡ
ǺܿҵµĻɣǾڸ֮󣬿ȥʳְæǱȱ֣æòС
ȻˣȻǰæܹõһЩʳġ
뵽СǾܵøӿˡ
֮ǰͱĺĦʱѾӵ͵ܳˣںûиɹôĻϵƤֲ֣ڵòС
ԹĿİĽֵͼõطȫһľɫӵԹˡ
ǰѩ壬񡭡
Ħ΢΢ŤԽԽõѩ壬̬˲Ͳƽˡ
ˣֵطҲȥˣĦӿ˽ŲȥС㣬ĶҪ죬ȻЩѩսʿȥʱ򣬺ܾþͻᷢˣȻץȥ
ǰǴµģѩ͸ĶܹóԺúȺüˣ֪ѩô飬ͳȥˣȻڵġ
ƱȺǿҪȥСеģȻֻᱻЩ³ѩսʿץ
һ㶼ȥЩΣյĳӣҲôʯͷӵڳǵģΪһֻŵĺôЩأҲѩôɥĲˣ
ĦڱԹţͻȻǰС㣬۾һ˹ȥ㡪
ֱۣСע⵽Լֲ֪Ÿո̧;һأʲôѹϡ
ץˣһֻѩ̴е
ţӶѩ̴Ӹߴ£һƨĦϣһһ㣬ܿģĦվĵطһѰɫëˡ
Сɻ߿˹Щữεѩ̣ЦЦҪעⰲȫ
֪ˣ㡣ڵԲ۾˵
С˵ͷˡ
ѩСµĦʱ;ˣס֣첻ȥ
С֮СһȷĦȷʵ޷֮һֻֻȻСԱΧ˸ȦĦˡ
ѹĦϵСԽԽ٣ΧŵСɫԽԽȵһֻС̴Ħ֮󣬱Ѹ˹ֱӰĦסˡ
űȶǽ󣬷ֱסĦطȻֱӰ˸ˡ
ǵĶô棬ôľ衭ǿ˻֡
ѵõģոһͿܣץȥн
ȻǻûеģǸӵˣ⵽Ľûˣǿɶʳﰡϴ׷ʧܺ˹ȥˡ
ΪʲôҪֵܵطѩ岻ֺĵط
һĹ鱧Թ
ʵѩЩطҲģǺڰһЩħϲĵطԶܺͺڰģԼˡ
Ǹȥһ㡣һ곤һĹսʿ˵
ǰĽǿһ㣬΢аиͻɥ
ɭ££ԼµĳԶգԭɵһӾͽ
ͬʱҲ쵽Σա
ã˵һսʿ˵⻰ȳ˳ȥ
ѩӲһҲͬѵʱ޶ãοЩǵսʿ
ӦþǱˡɫúѿΪڿвѪζ
ԣǹսʿǵġ
һӣ˵ٶȶ˲٣Ȼǵ˵ط֮󣬻ǷһѺ˵µĹսʿڳûһܹվġ
ĻãصЩۿҪˣĹħʦѸٶͬչԮ
̫ײˡһħʦ˵˿ڣһ
Ѿ˻ôҰôԭʼĴˣԷȷʵǺǿЩսʿǺһͱɵġ
죬ҪˣһսʿæһҪĹսʿħʦǰ
ɭҲѸټȥˣ˵ͷͳµĺۼ׷˹ȥ
ЩѺõϢȽУſµЩ׷˹ȥ
ܿġ
ͿǰӰˡ
ͦΣһͷɫŵǸոմǹɭ͵ߵ
ȵȡ˵ǰ
վס˽ŲȻ̧ĵĿֻߣ·һ㶼˸һ㡣
ڿʱˣģȻϵϢȴǰǿ󣬾ѩ嶼Ȳϡ
ֿаĺڷĿһ˿ɻ
ѩûкڷģԭλεʱȫһİף˲ɫ෴һڵǰŨ
ҴģǴ˿̽аĺڰҲ˸ӵĺڰŨ·Ǵӹ͸ħ˸ҽӽ
ǹˣͱȾħˡ
ѩ壿϶˵
ô˵ʱ򣬲ûп꣬Զһ㡣һɵıһ̸Ľ
ͷ·ں򽻵һ㣬ϸûһ˿˵ϢҪǣϵħʵ̫ǿˣֻҪ΢һ㣬ͿҲ߲ˡ
һ㶼
ΪĻ˲һı飬۾߱䣬Ȼѩһ˲䣬һ˿
Ͳ±ɱ𣿡
׼ˡ
İԵøĿֲע⵽˵۾ûжη壬·ľҲν
˫۾̫ˣ̫ˡ
ʶĺһôĹڣûηûԥû

146 Ǹ

ϻһ˿ѩϢ, Ҫʲôˡ
˵ʲô, ׵㻰, ͼѾ˲ͷˡ
Ӱܿ죬ÿ򼸺ûзӦӦ, 亹ˣʶĵһ, Ȼ˵ϡ
̫ǿˡ
򡭡ʱ, һսʿ, ˵ôˣ
վ, һԶҡҡͷ˵߰ɣȻȥ߳, ѾˣѩǱҲ֪ͨһ£Լ
ѩϴξ, ̫, ûϣֱ˵ط𣿡
սʿʡ
ţֱӸ, ȻԼȥ, Ҫ˷ʱ, ٺ˵˵߶Ķ
뵽ﻹЩͷۣѩӣͲǻѶǵӡ
ô˵Ҫһ˿ϣġ
Сյ֪ͨʱҪȥʳֵģѩĿǰҪ֮һˣǺܿصġ
峤˵ҵû𣿡Сʵ
ôҪԵġ峤׵Щ䣬ǲϵƺʲôܣȻ˵СҲʡ
ûµģɳȥĶǾӢӦÿԵġС΢Ц
ʱεϴƲ峤׿ûС̣ϲõЦһ˲㶡
ˣûмЦˡ
ңԶĻУƺҲôЦȥѾ벻ˡ
峤ֱͣˡ
ãſڵţġ
ֵģѾˡ
ʼʱ򣬴һʳʳ߳ԵģɴͲˣԽԽðԶߴߵġ
߹ǿк֣ܶð߻ӭɹſȫ򣬿һӿܶ࣬ζֱױȡ
Դζˡˬڿθʱܻӭġ
õԼɵͣǹǱҵӣջļۡɿڣζû˵ġ
ɰţţ⾭翾ţɣ󷺺죬ͣʳ㻯ˬڣзŨζƳ֮ط
һᱻðǴȥûгѩأԼˣеûг䣬Ҫͷˡ
ȻƵĻиֿζСɣԼ⣬̼ɻȡð˺ܶ࣬ţûһͳˡ
ܷźܾõʳСЩӢսʿȥʱҲǴ˲٣ץסǸˣСҲûա
Ĳ˵Ǽһڸ飬֪ʵˣģû͵ͱˣ˵ˣȻǼһﻹһ㣬ֹ͵ֻ
С峤ײ鿴ʳֵʱѩ鷳
ЩӦġŵĿ絶
һǱߵ֮󣬾ߵѩսʿѸ׼Ȼ׼һ롣
ǰеһѾԤ׵ĳˡ
սһ˲ˡ
ľӢսʿŵġ£Ѿǰ˺ܴĽȻЩ˻Щ֡
˲֪ۣ֪ˣ֪ƣ룬еΪֻһĿģǾǰߡ
ȳȥ˵ŵ˵
ЩأĻҪһ㣬ȻʱҲҿ϶Ǹ²⡣
ϣߡһѩսʿ
ԡ
ҲС
ѩսʿҲ׷˵Լ
ܿģѩսʿǾͻΧȥˣֻЩҲûзĸǵ󣬾һܣһ׷֪˶֮ڰЩ˸˦ˡ
ߵѩսʿʱѾˣѲĵˣѾܾûмˣӦ˵ǣ͵ĵˣδ
Ȼѩսʿʧȥ֮һһҲ˭ܹùģϵЩֵˡ
һһºʵţЩ̫ˣܲԡ
šȷϰȫ֮˵Ҫȥȷһ²Уǰе񡣡
Ļû˵꣬ȴЩصġ
ûв´ĻЩ˾֮ǰһֱ˵ˣǣĻôǸˡ
ű˱۾ȥˣԸˡ
űзûӲѩսʿǵûһ˵ģûʱ䣬Ҿ½½Ļˡ
ϦµʱһѩսʿȻڸ·
ǸոյĹϢ֪ǸΪ˷ֹ⣬һǴҹ·ġ
ּ鿴ѩսʿԶȥӰһʵ˵Ǹ˺Ѹ㣬ôྫӢսʿˡ
ֱ֪ǿù졣һŹĹ˵
ЩˣȻѩѾȥˣͰЩ̸ȥɣܹ鵽ʱ˵곤Ĺ˵
ڿѩսʿ֮󣬾ջˣشӹɭǱߴϢѺãȻʵֻĸ⡣
ЩѩսʿҪǵ˵ģʱܰǸ˸ץסͺˣץסѩǰ棬ǺҲӵİȫһ㡣
뵽֮ǰ곤Ĺüͷ
ЩĹǣ˵ˣҪ˼ҪΪĿĶġ
ɭǱߵϢҲҪ
ĺ󵽵û˵Ƕ˶ͣ˵ȥˡ
ңԶĹɭ֣ЩڱԵشˣȻӦùĵԼ
곤Ļ֮ľǶʱüۼ䶼Ҫȥãһͷۣᾫ鲻аҪԺ˸ô찡ѩսʿǸһһҹ·ڵڶҪʱڵ֮ǰ˵ĵطˡ
ľյģúܸߴȻľ󣬷ǴһǷϵĺڰĸо
Ӧ⸽ˣǷͷҡ˵
á
ѩսʿûϢӦһ֮󣬾ͷֿˣܿģһսʿ˺ۼһ˳źۼ׷ˡ
ǣ׷ϲãˡ
ȻⲢǾԭ
ǣǰϣվһˡ
ͦΣһͷںڵĳԺȥ·ڵˣַ·ֻվʱ䣬ģ·еһж˵ûʲô塣
紵ϵ·Ե
תһ̣ˡ
Ǹģڼм峤һġ
ʶսȭͷ
ʲ˿ڣ˺ܴľѹӿ
ȻܹȥǳѩϢֻѩ˲ܹڷѩ꣬ڱΪǿд߻ġ
ֽѪȣҪС̻ŵʱдڼʹȻǳܵģֻҪС΢־ᶨһ㣬ͻɹʺܵ͡һɹˣôʹý˾ͻõһǿıܹӲ塣
뵽ŵ񶼰һ˲
ûĻҲǺǰЩǵһѾͲǻˡ
ˣŻƣǷ׷Χ˹ȥ
ȻԷǻģžЩԶȥҪʱģǱѾжˣֱӾʧ˺ҹС
ûзսʿҲûзĴѰһأһ
£Ϣʱŵгɻ
Ϳ뿪ģôǲѩϢǱߵȴ
ΪʲôͼеЩˣô񡭡

Щʹı۾ʱֻмᶨֶˣôѩҲӦҪġ
ʱѾҰɫǹԽԽ΢
ԶãľеԽᶨˡ
ѩǱѰ˵ʱ˻ǱѾ޿ˡ
ȥѩ飬ȥŭ̷ȫСġ
ǣ¡һӦһ֮󣬾ͳȥˡ
ڸ嶼ߣûʱ䣬ѩԸ屦ҥԾʹ˳ȥ
һʱ䣬ȫĿⶼ㼯ѩߡ
˵ǰ˵ĻǲŵģھͲһˡ
ѩڶʧ˻֣½ս󣬸ûž޵ĺˣһֱ൱ǣصһ꣬ʮҾͿԴһѩսʿ
һѩ壬ͻȻڶʱڣҪ˵ûʲô鷢ǲܵġ
֮ǰΪûҵʲôͷҲΪѩڵķչսʲôĳϹϵҲˡ
ıﶪʧҲѩʲô鶼ûзƫƫֵǸ˻ѩģһӣ˵˵Ŀⶼ
ȴľˡ
Ĺƶ˲һҲûпֲǰ룬˷չò̫ãǰΣ֮صţΣ֮ǱߵѾûˣǾֻص˴ǰ
ӦǱӸѹˡ
ôǻóһʱĺӣͻȻͻصʱĿӣûһ˽ܵ˵ġ
ƫƫ֮ǰûʲôõİ취нǰˣȻǲܷŹġ
ҹȥһҪѩѶ³˳Ҫ㶫һսʿ˵
ѩ岻öԸ֮ǰǲ˵ˣ峤ҵģ֮ǰΣ֮Ҳ츳սʿˣ㲻ȥ
ĳȻҲ۲ѩڵķչսսϻûжǿǺ֪֮ġ
֮ǰΣ֮أǾѾʧ˲ٵľӢսʿˣڵϣҪʧһ㾫Ӣܲ˵ġ
ǺЩӢǰѩĴս֮УѾˣǴˣȴҲϲսˡ
ȻҪúÿǵġ
ȥɣҴϢǿԵģһҪϡһսʿͷһĵλߣҪһܹĻôԺһж˵ˡ
ҲУѾܾûִˣ»ǽҰɡ볤һսʿһҲкôʱͻ
ɡ
Ҳеġ
ҡ
ΪϢʱħǱҲˡ
ǰĴսħ彫ΪҪĹη棬ȥĻǱߵˣʧνˣֻҪһ뵽ԼĺӢǱͺ޲ѩ塣
ô룬ʵǲûиʲô嶯ġ
ħܹϽλãʲôһȾȥµˣҪˣͱŪȥŪˡ
ϻҵ̫ˣҲ֪ҾͲκˡħ彫˵
ı鿴ȥʮֵĵȻΪʧزκһʵϣڵű˱̬Ȼȷѡ
Ҫкôʱǿмȥˡ
ħ峤ȻҲ֪ħ彫뷨ģҲ⣬ǣҲǻľġ
ҪǣιϷѩ棬һˣֵܹĺô͸ˡ
ҾȥˣҲǸոճĺȥһ£Ҳֻȥ̽һ¡һħ峤˵
ǲУ̫Σˣ˭֪ѩʲôӵģϴλôˣزҵ˹ȥɣһִΣġħһλ˵
һ㶼ûаѺôóȥϰߣϴûҲûȻʧ˾ˡ
ֻҪһ뵽ѩڵķչԼϴδӸǱߵĽңڳ˾ûһܹġ
УҵȥɣҵǱ߱ȽϽһȥˡ
ǶҪˣ֮ǰĶǣһأζӦңȻǿһģ
Һͺһ¾ˣҵأҲܼ򵥣Ǿǣҵ˺ѩĴǺϤģΪ
ײðߡ
˵ԭЩѩ͵ġһ˵
Ϣʹˣڲ֪𣿡һȾƵĺں˵ͻȻһǣٿ۾һ˵ʵҲȥѩصģǱ߲·𣿡
ⲻѩôΣյĵطǹȥǰˣʮأʮȫǱˡ˵ͬ˵ôƵĻ֮ҡͷˡ
ǺȾƵĴȴԽԽпܣӲǰ㼸֣֮ǰͳ˼ţҪǼЩš
ȥ
㼱ʲô˵ꡣ۵׾һ˵ȸȥ˭˵ϾҪˣҪãǾܣ̵پ̵٣ʵ̲ˣҲѩǱߵ˵أҪ̵ʲôǲǷ𣿡
ðüЩͬĵأʱܲˣǲǱˣ
˼ʲôȥʲôֲȥѩȥǾȥһѩôѩѵӭð𣿡
˵Լһ£۾Ǿϲ˵ô̫ˣҪûʲôǾǱ߿ʲô׬ǮҪøʲôϢתȥǾ׬ˡ
ðԥһ£ǡ
ôģ죬˵ɲɺˣҿǺ˵㲻ȥҲͱһȥģʱ˲ƣɱ˵ֵû㰡
ӵ˷ܣѹϣƵôûзյģúÿһ£ٲһѣʲôʱǸͷ
ð⻰ʱ¶ˣ˵Уġ
˵Ļʱ̹ˣɵЦҲ֪˵Լ˵ˣͺãһˣһԷƵģðʲôðյ顣
ͬʱطҲ̸³Ϣ
ѩԸ屦ϢջǴѩء
һ˲䣬ѩصðնһˡ
峤ɫüͷ壬СǶãҲá
İɣ峤ӰϢ֮ҲģǸģȥȥˡ
ӰߺսʿɫҲǷǳÿģ飬˵˲ԼҲûŵģڴһ߿ʱС˽
峤ֱߵ峤׵ߣ˵˵ҥԣڱ˿ģô˵ǲᱻŵģתһ˼·ɡ
ڳѩսʿȫ˹һСҪʲôһֱбõ飬ģ˴ҶĽ顣
С鲻䣬˵ѩսʿֲֻУ˵ˣ֮ǰȥĶ٣Ҳ˵ٶѩսʿǳ¹ʲô顣
СĻ֮սʿǵɫҲűˣǰѩսʿֲֻѩС
һ˲䣬˻Ȼʡ
峤ɿ˽šŵüͷ
Ǿͺðˣ˭ѩսʿ࣬˭ѩսʿǿ˭ʵǿȴȱ֮ǰÿ˶ǻɶ󡣡С˵
峤׵˵ͷսʿҲ˾õġ
ǣûãһİ汾ѩˡ
˵Щﲻѩߡһѩð˵
֮ǰ;òˣѩź͸վϣôôĿŵȥ͵һħʦ˵
ҲǸϢֳϢˣ
Ͳ֪˰ɣ˵
Ҫ˵пܣǸ͵ģѩģҲˣѩսʿ࣬ħѩսʿǿж鰵ǱҲֵûɣʵǿȴȱȥ˭пܰԱϢһðų˵
ѩôǣսʿ飬ѾʲôˣҲʱ䣬ѩûȥսʿѩطչ
̫Ծˡ
Ҳûɡ
ԶԶԣôһ룬ȫɣ

147 ץ

û, ѩǱߵϢԽԽˡ
˻Ϣʱ, ֱҪˣЩ̰ͼСðǹȥ֮󣬲ûкѩжѰ޹֮, ѩǱ߳ԳԺȺкЩѩǱߵزȥ˱ĵط
ԭЩҪԸѩҲΪǸϢ׷׻໳˻ɵ, ˡ
Ϊĺôߵģ
ǣһȺԵļһﰡ
˻ֱˤһĶȴˡ
һ츳γڣҪǺЩϼһĳ, Ͳˡ
ѩ, ΪʳֵĿѩضǰ˲١
ʱҵС, ŤŤ˵ϴͱ˵ˣҲҪе, 岻ûС
Сò죬, ϴ峤˵, ǻûʼ
ôͻȻ˵
˵ɲ԰ɣ˵
С㿴һ۳, һӾ֪Сӵ˼ˣߴˣҲǣһԵ̣ʳջôʱ䣬Ҳǲˡ
ڴ⡭
Ȼ˵Ͳ󣬵ݺѾú˰Լҳ棬֪±Ȼݺѩͷϡǲ˵˵ģѩƷܴȥĻӦûġ
˵ȻҪǵȻûġ
⻰֮󣬶ʱͿĵЦ˵Ҿ֪
û೤ʱ䣬ƾȥ峤ǱҪˣȻǸҵģҲ֪СʲôݣСС͵ģǿһóٵĽҡ
ʱ򣬳ƾͳˡ
ССѩ岿仯һɫ֮󣬾ͳԶˡ
СջĿߡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϢֱҪըˡ
Ǹصѩսʿܵ˵͵˾ѾвٵǱŵˣƫƫܶʱ򣬾Ҳˡ
һأЩߵĸսʿҵˡ
⻹ҪǸѩսʿֻ߽׵ıܹҲôЩ˭һûб˾֪ˣ˸սʿɢЩû͵ߵǱߡ
ⲢжôĺģҪﻥʲôģҪûᣬҲѱ˼ҵı̻ԼҰ
ڳ˳ģɲΪ˰ǸɳܵС͵ץסȻʳԼұ
һʱ䣬սʿǷǳˣȻֻӵбЩ塣
ţ𣿻᲻ܵĵطȥˣһսʿʵ
ʱȮսʿѾ߶ȽǰƵʣ⼸ͻвıﱻߡ
ȮҲбģҲ档
ŵߴЩȮսʿɨ˵ᣬ
Ǵ·ߣ˺ܶ飬Ļѡһѩսʿʹв죬ϲûһġ
ѡĻͷҪ·Ǹѩսʿ鷳
뵽ֳЩЦݣԼֵĻ桭
Լ̫Ѩ˵ٵȵȣһֵģʱǰѩء
ôһѩսʿûаѻ˵ꡣ
ţʱ£ҶСһ㣬Ҫˡ˵ʱѾʼˣ֮ǰѾ鰲ȥˣǲĵģֻɫ˵ˡ
İɣǡԱѩսʿĻû˵꣬߾˱ըһɫˣѸٳűըķȥ
ѩսʿͬӦģиսʿǣһʱ䣬ͨͨȮıȥ
ǱΧģͻȻ£ȮսʿҲûˣڸոգǷǸڰѩ塣
죬ǱߣһȮ徫Ӣսʿ˵
죬׷ϡ
ˣ
һȺȮ徫Ӣսʿ߸ȥ˳ǿлûɢζںڷ
ѩսʿʱҲȺ˹ȥ
ǸѩģѩսʿﶼǲܻӭģżڰȫȦ棬Ҳû˹ѩսʿôˣҵעȫǸڷϣѾǱ͵ߵı
ʵֻиսʿģҲðߣǵ뷨ͱȽϼ򵥶ˣǾ˺ͱﶼҪ
ǰħʦѾʼʹħˣսʿȣȻǵٶȲ죬ɱȴǲСģһȥǾԶûйϵ
ħʦ⣬ͺڰҲйƵģǴ󲿷ֶʹùģЩڷܿ˾ˡ
ԭΪҪǸڷˣ󲿶ӵǰͻȻȮ峤ĴӢֱӰ˸Χסˡ
Ȼ
һŵսҪʼˡ

148 Χɱ

ǰĴսúܿ졣
˭Ҳûзϻ, ֱӾȥ
ħĹâ˸ոչȥ, Ǹˡ
ô, ֻѩսʿûǰһܿսֲᱻĵطš
ô˲а, ᱻµġһѩսʿ˵
, Ϊܹץסˣսʿˡ
˵Ĺ, ǵıҲ͵һطҲսʿΪľץסˡ
ǿ¡ſǰĴս˵
Ҫһѩսʿǵţʵ, Ҳ֪ʾͱˡ
ĲõĻô˺ܿڽˡ
ԭֻΪһսʿû뵽, ȮǱ߾Ȼһսʿ
սʿ, ټô, û˻ãץǸˡ
Ȼһը֮, Ǹֱſ˵ϡ
ȥǺʶ, ֻ֮ǰ˵Щ, ͷǸеսʿЩ, ոͬǱôСӲҪǰˡ
ҿ㡭ô˵ʱĿͻȻһ٣ȻѸٵĿʼ
˲ǰһۣڿµֺ󣬶ʱɫͱˡʱڳ˶ˡ
ʲô
֪
졢ܰǺڰ
֪˭һ֮˶ʼܡ
ڰа˲Ż˺˵ؼЩҪմˣָһ¾ͷˡ
ѩսʿʹóڰ֮Ҳ׷ԶķȥֶܲǾԲġ
ͻȻģֹһ˲
ţһǿĿЩܵ˺ɨڵء



紵ðǱϵĴɣ˵ġ
ŽסһôסԼ壬ȻǱ߿ȥֻ֮ǰڵϵͻȻʧˣǸսʿڹ֮󣬾ǿȥˡ
ģ
ûҵˣսʿһȻڸѰ
ȷȫɢ֮Ȯ峤Ѹٴ˹ȥˣңңһҪҵ
˼ȻǵıҲѾ䵽Ǹϡ
ðǺҲʼжûɵĿ⿴һˣ֪ûбֳʲôرģǺѩսʿǴһ֮󣬴Ĭȥˡ
һһ֮ҹðǶȥˡ
˶֮ɫˡ
ѩսʿǣѰԼˣǺһ׵ģ֪˶
ȷû˿֮ѩȥĵطˣԼŶѸ˹ȥ
ٱʮ֮󣬾ҵһ¡
û˵ģֱӾͳȥˡ
ƽ˸ϰ֮˳Ľ뵽һɽ
ڵɽ棬Ȼһˡ
Ӿ֪˵òˡ
ŸոչȥͱһĵиϮˣֺܿ죬ûˣǿٱܿˡ
ңѩš˵
ڵ۾ţȷʲôʲôҲûɣܿģ;õˡ
ſ첽˹ȥ鿴һ壬ϣȫ˺ۣµģоɵġ
û˵ǿٵһ£˱׼ѩ塣
˭žͷ˵
ңôˣһѩսʿѸٴ˽ϻ¶ˮ
ˣͲţ塭һҩûá˵
ѩսʿˣѸٵ˵ͷȥ˾һǰһ뿪
ȻΪ˷ֹ⣬Ҳжģʡõʱһﲻߡ
ǰҲҪ·˴ȥ
˵ٶȺܿ죬ûߴ·С·ȥѩսʿǲûһȥģһ飬ֱӱķߡ
ŵķ⣬Ǿ·϶Ϣʱһ·Ǵµĸ·š
ʳǱߵӪѾˣȻæѩսʿǵϽĶЦݡ
ȻֻûѣȻǻûлع飬ȻкܶûͷһһıãǸоʵ̫ˡ
ǵѩܻӭ˰ЩðǶҪȥһѩսʿѩ㽻˵ѩսʿ
ɲǣǰ֪ܳԣðǲôѩսʿС㣬󺰵㣬û
ô˵ţó˵СʳȻ㿴ȥ̳ȣ峤ˣǣһֻС̰
ֻҪС̣ǾʳԵġ
СڽԼ̧ͷȥֻһѩսʿСɣʾš
ЦЦ˵ҾǹһģСɾС̰ɣѾԹˡ
Сɵѩսʿ⻰ʱתСɵͲ棬Ȼ󼸸ԾСߣС˵ȥԣǶѾԹˣûС
˵ţСͷֱӾˣȻЦŻȥˡ
С㻹ûüͼѩսʿһš
ϸϸȥϱŵˡ
ûģС˹ȥʱ峤ҲѾյϢˡ
СɻĿš
˵㣬
ôһ˵С֪ˣڷ꣬ǵˣֻʵЩ֡
С㿴ʱ򣬸оĸӣͺ񿴲һ㣬׼ȷ˵һܡ
۾նûκ
ʱ峤Ѿ˹ô
꣬ڿˣһ˲һ¡
ǡ
׼ˡ
겻ת֡

149 Ѫ

һ˲, 峤׵໮һʹ
һһģ޷ֿ
Ŵ꣬۵ü޷
С̵ʱͱץȥ, һģعѩ塭ֻҪ΢룬֪澭ʲô
ڵ, Ҳǲ, ֻ屻Ż᳹׵ת
紵峤׵ķ, ƮһƬƣȻѩطˡ
Ȼȥɡ峤˵紵ʱеβˡ
ŵ˵ͷ˽ȥ
С, һ·ʵǹƶ, òˣҪСˣҲѰ˴ѩء
ʱ䲻ܳȥˡ˵
СŪĶ, ǻĶ, ƫƫСӻһԾûС
, ˡ峤˵
Сǵ, ˵ĶԻΪ˳, ֪ոջˣһš
ոտʼǿţûãͻԹȥˡ
֪ѩصķΧΪص˻ִڵĵطֻΪͬѪˣ֮ûкֽܻ̿š
ǸΡ
ɫޱߵξ
дƬѪɫ
ҰУܶ׷ʱп·ϡ
ÿһӣ뿪飬ȻЩ˾Ҳûлˡ
ҰûеӰӣѹȸʱ޿̲ѹǵ񾭣ƺÿ˶֪ͣͻ
ײײĸڶм䣬ڣһ޴Ļʱ򣬵ˣѪɫҰ棬ƺܹҪȻѸٱˮߣȻʲô޴ĺڰɵˡ
ʹ
ʹ
Ƥпʹ
Ѫⱻ˺ɵʹ
ͷѹʹ
ʹ
Ҫʱ޿̵ʹȴôˣֻܱĳǺڰϮ
ָоһֱͻȻһ죬Ĺ
л㱵ĿǾϲ֪˶£壬ȴǴӻܻεģģ
ʱѾûˡ
оѵʱ򣬷ˡ
ޱĿ˹ȥֻվ˸С̣룬װˮ
ˣС˵
뽻˵ոտӣ֪ˣڽˮ
ޱ飬֪ˡ
Ϊˮˡ
û˵ǿ룬Ȼһˮˡ
СЩ죬꿴ȥˮȴǺˣᰡ
ЦЦ˵ʱ㲻뿪Ҫʲôͺ˵ԺʹڲɣҪ㡣
С㣬ޱ飬û˵ҲûлӦ
С㲻ЦЦ˵úϢҾͲˡ
ûãʹ˹ŵ
̧ͷ˹ȥŹˣҰһתת˴ϣȻѸڴǰ
£Ǹֵѩ̳·һȥ֪ͨһ·ϣܵ˳кǸ̶һһӦˡ
Уƺ￴Ļ档
˵ĸоͺůֺʧ䣬ҲǸӰ֮źջĿ⡣
ڴ̨ϣɫķϣߵ۾һ˿ɻΪʲôһ
ڻ֮󣬾ͺ峤˵Ĳ̫á
ؼǣǻ֪жٸġ
ɣԺЩȥˣ峤˵
ãҹȥʣЩÿ㻹ȥܻģҲҪ
ⱲӣҪľѩصĸգںò״ҶзԵӣǾԲ˸ƻġ
ǣŪ
ǰ߾ѩˡһսʿ˹˵
սʿ̻ѾܾˣǵһرָµˣȻҪúñֵʱ
źɫȹŮɫܲÿ̬߹ȴ޷۷ϵǲô㡣
ĵòм˵ҲЩϼһǻѩ壬ʲô˲ģ˵ֱؾһץ˾ˡ
սʿ⻰ɫ΢䣬ЦС˵ǣЩѩͲҪ󶯸ɸꡣ
ŮһͬĻƴЩҰˣһˡ
Ȼ˵ˣҲֻΪôˡ
ŮͼʱİѵȻ˳ȥ
ʱɫѾˣðսѩǲǵģȻѾ·ܹûаȫߵĵز
ԱߵսʿѾŪʳˡ
ȹŮƲЩĵĿ۾ջߡ

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ǷǳֵطģĸҪҲû취
, ǲҲֻˡ
ʱԽԽ, ԽԽˡ
һ, ֿʼһΪŮˡ
ҲҪ, ʰһ, ҪԱġ
УҲϲ
ûõĶ, ȥ, һ
Ӫϵ, һװûԼ顣
˵ʼʱǻڴһѩ֮еĻôһ·ĵ, Ѿĥǵˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣ˲ûȫġ
ʱǻڱָӵתսʿѾȥѩ֮ˡ
֮һͷսʿ, ߵһ۵ǰ, ˵ź𣿡
ЩСǽˡ˵껰֮󣬾תˡ
ӪﻹбĴС, ѾЩ޷޴ŮˣѩҲ쵽ˡ
īһԶȺ, ۾, Ŀ
ֵ, һžĶǵȴûпһ㣬һƽӹˡ
紵Ҷ
īʵϡ
µԼ˲ɺӵ˵ʡ
ͷɫĳôӳ¹ʱ򣬼۾
Ƥûһ覴ã̵Ľë޺
Ȼûˣľһ޺ˡ
෴ġ
ϵϢ֤ⲻһߡ
ԽԽˡ
Ż⣬ҶȻʹϡ
Ĵܱȴ״봥ȴֲ¡
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·࿴һ۶Ǵһ
ԶĳڼڼҪŮ£սʿģΪѩ׼
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ĳڼûþ·ˣҪĻǱǸŮǱš
ѾһūˣƢǻû
īЩҲһ㶼ģһħ֮󣬾˯ȥˡ
֪˶ãӴ䵽ϡ
īһ˹̶ȵĵֻ˵鷳ˣſ۾˫˵۾żƺͼջ
ħϣ泳ֵܿӿ˽
սʿĺйҲħ޵ĺԼǸŮ˵ĴСС
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ȻˣҲû˳߿˵ļ涼֪иˣȻȴֺʶĺһ㣬š
죬߹
첻ˣ١
Ҫˣһ

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ˣħޣŭ֮ǰС־ˡ
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ֵĸ˿ζԱ߼ϵ飬Զɵ֮ǰһҳ
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Ѿܶûйעѩˣû뵽ѩ嵹ǱȤˡ
УһֻСϻġ
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ĽϣīҳиܵԼһϢ΢ЦݵԢЩ²ⲻ͸
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죬㣬Ҫˮϴ裬ҪˣǵðҴĶϣѩ϶ʲôûˣ˯˯á
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С㣬˵ߵʳһͼսʿ˵
һۣǲͷ飬˵ˣʲôóԵģһ涼ûӣҪ˵óԵĻֻϲʵᣬǲ֪ˣ˵ҲЩǲҪùˣʡҵۡ
ǣȻˣǻǰԭİšսʿ˵
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Соŵֲ㡺Ȼ߽ˣŭȥˡ
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ҪǸսʿħʦǾͺ˵ˣֱӿʼƫƫԷǸŮˣû취ˣֻԼһĻ
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ǰѩʲôûеʱ򣬱˵˾˵ˣѾúܺˣǻǱޡ
ЩԺ̻ᣬвٵ˶Ǳߵģ뵽㡵Щ䣬֪Щˡ
峤ѾðǰæϢȥģǵΪֹȴûһ˻ġ
С㿴㡵飬֪Щʲô˵û£ֲǽң˶οǽңҲӽǮģô
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Ȼǿģܻϸָ飬ûУԺҲеģ̻ᣬСʱҲġС˵ЦЦҲҪŬôҪЦĲӮҡ
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㡵ı麱¶׺ݣ̻ģ뵽ǰ飬¶˼ֺ⡣
ȻôСôĿҾ͸ӦˣԺҲˣһúŬģѩأԺ󶼻õġ
С̬ȣΪͣҲЩЦûЦЩеÿҲȥÿ졣
ȻǾͲҪǸһˣҪֳǾʰˣûֳǮССĿǺȷˣǮС
㡵ıǳ棬һ˲뵽˺ܶ࣬رҪǮǰѩʱ򣬻ҪȱǮˡ
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սʿɫ̫ãȻµġ
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˵⻰ʱѾˣɫȴӵѿǸŮ˻˵Ƕ𱨣
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߳⣬СͿ峤վڲԶ
ģ൱ߣվԱߵǺ̻ĿСǰġ
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Сֻһۣеˡ
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ҪǣںܶǰĶ춼ѾˣﻹڣЩҰĻһ㶼֪һǣҿ﾿ʲôȻҪ߼ǡ
СԽǿԽ壬һģȫʲôûҲѹˣ峤׻ᱻ
һƢͦõˣЩʱҲŭˡ
ѩ壿СЦһſ˵ͷ˵ؾѩսʿļ۸񣬾͸ū˰ɣ
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οѩô۸ˣҲϰˣΪѩػǵǸƶȳԷԲҪսʿѩػˡ
ﱾ˵ûͦˬģԽ˵ԽԼԣͻȻı˸ˣͷһȻǸѩС̡
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ϴξСûѩսʿСڹС߶ˣҪСĶˡ
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˵ץ


ᣡ
ʵģЩҰС̵ȫץصؾð߹ŵǸȥˡ
С߻ûңԼС̲㱻˵ϢֱǿҪЦˡ
ǸŮ˻ʲôóǷѵˡ
Ҳ⣬պҪŮ˰æһ¡ûԤϴĻʱѾȥץˡ
ʱ򣬵ϣǸŮеˡ
ûģСһʼľ⻻⡣
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ոպãŵİѱײ
Ǹ˵ݶ𣿡СԱߵսʿ
ѾˣܿͻϢ˵
С˵ͷǲʲϾǸŮ˴ô˹һӲӣҲȫӲӵģܻͷġ
ĳɹʣС͸õˡ
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һȵūͣҪԸȥԸĻڲ͵ҲԣȻͶɻԶ˵ġ
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С㵽˵ʱ˶Ѿץˡ
ȻǴսʿǺѩսʿȣвģ͸˵Ӣսʿˣ͸˵ѩ岿ˡ
㣬ˡ峤˵
Ͽûʲô飬Сһ۾Ϳˣ峤Ǻܸ˵ġ
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ܿͻˣ˵ûϵھˡ
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ٿСŭÿңȻҼǲŹǵġ
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պ̻ǸΨͼӣȻ˶еˣ͸˵ʲôѩսʿˡ
ֲץסõĸ߲㣬һƽ˶ѣǰ³еѡ
ûϵôΪǺģȻǼк̨ģֱĺ̨˾ˡ
С㿴úֵܿŮģһи簮ļҳģɱģ͸Ҫ
߹ʱ򣬿С㣬Ǻ˷ܵģǴδսջҵ飬ܼ
ȻЩ˱Ƚ٣ûϵһҲǲġ
ȻˣûԽԽá
Сһŵı飬֪ЩʲôˣǻҪﴫϢ
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ҴʮѩսʿʱҪˡС˵ƽҲ˵Ǹܵˣܾãеġ
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˵⻰ʱ򣬱棬ѩÿһԽҸѩսʿһֻҪһǮͻɲһĻ
С˵ͷȥдˣʱֱӽսʿȥˡ
ڣͻȻܵһر
ԭߵ۾棬Ȼһ⣬ȻѸʧڷ档
ٳֵʱѾڽظˡ
·ľͷȥһ㣬͸űϢ
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һ˲䣬Ѿ
ôҸԸʵǡīĻû˵꣬Ѿܵ˹ͷһƲһνɫĳͱ氡
˳ȥһӾץס˵ĳǳѸٱóĹ˹ȥ
ɫȻ㣬˳ŷķԾ
ī乴ЦЩµģû뵽ô󣬵ǸòеС̣Ҳҡ
ţڿлһȦǸȦĹƣȥȻнǾͿΣ
ī˵꣬ҲûȥǴԽߣܾãж
ȻһѾɳԸ⿴һĵزˣҲҪио»Ҫܳʱġ
īţͻȻͣס˽Ų
˾޴ĺ¡ȻǸˡ
īüͷ΢û뵽ԼȻˡ
תȻͼһѪ
нīȫĵĿ佱ţüһ㽾
ûһһī˹ȥ˵ȥ
ȥȥû˵īö
ϾĿţ˵˵أ
һȥ
ī㿪ˣԼһˣЩȣһʶ𣿡
ǿȤ
ô˵ǺֲܴڣҪǲŶҲһкܶϡ
īϴЦǾµü۷·ЩƫִϸĻַ·ʲôûС
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ûзĻҲҪĻֱӵķӦǣһֹȥˡ
īһûѡܿˣƿ˹˹ȥʱãĶǰСӣøӺһЩ
ĽŲƺʵûߵǰ޷룬ֻܽӲԭء
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۸ҼҵСӣҪ˭Уһߵ
īѾܾûǿˣ΢УѸ˺һξ룬û뵽ѩ廹˴ڡ
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ŵٶ죬һӾ͵ǰ棬һѪվǱߣΧѾûĺۼˣȻǸˡ
Ծǰ˵û°ɣ˭𣿡
ˣ֪˭ںңԶļ棬ˣ֪ʲôˡ
Ǹ˷·ͲǰֵģһμѾмʱˡ
ǵ𣿡ʵ
ǵһθܵôǿǿУȻǵƤӵôãûб֡
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ڼˣ߿Ѿ˵Цһ˳˯С
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Сսʿ˵˸оˣҪ֪˶پŰѻָһ㰡
˵ǲ˵ǰ÷ɿ찡
ĵ˻ֵĴֿǻ֣ǰˡ

̽
ҧгݵ˵֮ǰʲô飬˵˵
սʿܾã㣬е¡
ڻĳʼٸͷðͷģڱ˵ðͷˣǿжҿˡĬĬİֳȻǸС̻֪һ˼ס棬ǰɣǲҪ֪ĺá
֪ΪʲôܾãҪǱ֣棬Ժ󣬲ʲô顣
ǵģ³˳Ȼװ֪飬׳˯ȥˡ
װġ
ڴԺ󣬾͹ˣһͷղˡ
սʿˢˢĿ
ôˣʵ
ţ緢ֵģ˵ɣҪ֪ʱʲô顣һսʿԥİ㡸ˡ
ûûţ˵˵ʲôְɡһսʿ΢е˵
ܾã㣬е°
תͷС㣬ֻСҲޱĿԼҲ֪һǺˡ
ĪģҲˡ
ûû֡˵
ڲ˵ЩʱҪǣԺ󻹻᲻ᷢСǶ־ˣôң˵Ǹô˰ֺǰļ¼һ
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ôȥȻһ㡣
ҪǲԻֵļ¼࣬ҪɻֻǲǣȻҪô
ԽҵٶȣѾˣò׵ôһȣȻˣ
ˡ
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С㡵Ļ֮Ƿŭֵʱ͵˶塣
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һħ޷ȻûеſѪڣͱɵĸɵˡ
īϣԶѩ岿䷽򣬡û뵽ѩȻǿˡ
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һڻҵȻԼûȷеıǸ˴УȷʵܵӰ죬˲㼱е뿪ѩ岿䡣
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ԭ˾ȵģ֣ԼһҹȻûһ
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󣬱ٵɫѾѿòˡ
ǰĻʱԼĴ棬ıӣʲôûУҪ͸ķš
Լֱۣٿһ𱻹ŵˣ̾Щ˵ļĵطܹ˯úúõģһ㶼ô˯˯ãʵڰסˣŻ˯ȥ
ʱѾЩӶˡ
ϵĶԼĶȫѩˣһҹ֮ûָûˣֻϣˣȥԺҲˣ
С㣬ˡһսʿ˵
ٿһۣ˵ͷͲ˵ˣͷ
ֻԼˣҪЩ˵ġ
ҲΪЩûãһ鶼첻ãŻᱻ۵ģԽԽһ
սʿĪģӣû˵ʲôˡ
طôһѵȫ棬ȻǺܼģμȥٵλõġ
ȻǻŴѩ岿ȥˣҲ˶ãϾһλǸŮ
ѩ岿䣬²ûзԵģԱһˣעҪˡ
Ϊ˽Լʱ䣬ҲΪ˷²£ѩսʿʱڰϢ˳ȥ
׼ǱߺܿҲϢǾͬѩսʿ٣ǲͬģǽҿԡ
սʿӰǸŵģ֪Сдȫѩսʿ
ʱڳǰҲ˵ף˵һֲˡ
ȥʱսʿӰһˣʱ򣬴ʮˣڽң·ϡ
ܹȰ˴Ҳܼ򵥣ǾڹȥʱѾԼ˫ͲҪ˷Ѷʱ䣬ܹˡ
սʿӰһսʿǣ붼ˣ֪ǾʲôϿһӰӣͷ·ͨһֻ򵥵սˣ͸˵ȥħɱˡ
սʿӰûʣЩѩսʿҲû˵ǳĬŬţͼԼۡ
峤յϢ֮󣬾ڲſڵˡ
Ϊ˱ЩˣʲôĶᵽģֻҪһʱ俴Щôˡ
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ЩŻ˿ЩнϵĥˣӾ֪˲ٵĥ
СװûзЩĸ峤׵ߡ
ոջǣŲոµķӣۿˣϵıǰĲţԼΰĿġ

151 ս֮

ǰ仯˺ܶࡣ
һ·, һ·۶Ǽ, ԼһŻĻɡ
ǼеػȫһˣϤأϤĿ, ԼЩϤζǼҪ, Լǲʲôþħ, һ, ѩز䡣
Լһ, ȷԼ֮һ󺺶ʱͶ, ʯ·, ޡ
Ȼ, һ˲û, ֻұȽֵ, ˻ΣһȺʯ·Ϻš
ǼʶţǸקβŪȥˡ
С㿴ֺֺЦ, ûиȥˡߵò, ۾¶˳˼
»˻һϢ, ⲢʲôϢ, Ϊ, ս֮ǻкܶࡣ
˵Ļ, ǱߵսʿǿԹӲдģ˵Ļһ̨ˡ
Сʱһս֮ǲֻǹǵǲ෴Ǿĵط
ļͻֲԸ󶯸ɸ꣬һ㶼ѡսġ
ܼ򵥣Ǿ˵Ӯġ
Ϣѩ˵ǺϢģΪûмҲõǱʲô
ڵѩ˵Ҳ̫ˣٿһ֪˵ĵط
ȻԴӲǮ֮󣬾ͿʼѰˣǻ޼
ԶԶģСڿЩ˽ȥϢ֮󣬳峤˵ȥս֮ǿҲˣǡҪңܶĽҡ
峤׶СĻǲͬģڳ껢˵ҲˣǶС˵̫Σˡ
ȻŸո¶ı飬С˵ѾˣսʿôҲϰ˸λţЩǣѩûУȥȻ취Ǹӹ
ҪõĻǻ׬ǮʲôģǹȥҲʧʲôС˵
ⲻԣ㻹̫С峤˵
һһȥģҪ峤ĵĻԴӰС֪峤ǲȥģ˵
Ͼʲô鶼һжģֶȥˣҲǿԵġ
Ȼս֮еӣѩսеģֻҪˣ峤Ͳᷴˡ
Ȼ峤˼һ֮˵ٰ㡸ϰɣ棬Ҳġ
С˵ͷ˵ãһȥ׼һ£ͳ
峤˫۾עС㣬˵ȥɡ
С֮峤ȥ˼սʿȻźӰ㡣Ǳߵ֪˵һˣǴһˣҪ쿪۵ġ
뵽峤׵۾滮ûã䵽ֵز
峤׵ϣ˷·һ㡣ܿģֱͦ˼ﻹкܶ鰡ϼһɲܳȡ
峤׵ǰȥĳȼᶨ
С׼ĶǺܿģϾҲʰһ񣬾ͳˡ
ƶ仺ǰţǴѩһ·˳ȥֻϢʱ򣬲Żͣ
ˣڵս֮ǵʱ򣬻Ǻüȥˡ
ȵĿĵ֮С㿴ҶֵĳУһûΪɶЩ˶ϴ裬ϵζѩĻ
·ҲŸָżеؾȥɨɾٶȣûµٶȿ졣
С㿴ȥЩãȻǼ˵ģܿҵһ˽ֵȻСס˽ȥ
СЩãȻĿ·ѩˣʵոǸ
ţǵġų˵
ûͷûβĶԻȻ̣ҲѶڳѩսʿǶˡ
ո߹ȥǸѩˣǰսʿ
սյĳУûһѩû˵ģոǸ˾ͷѪĬĸڽ뿪
С˭Ҳûȥһ̫ˣʱҲԣȥҲûá
Դѩ岻ٳսʿԺѩսʿ۸ˣûԸѩ쿪ۡ
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ΪѩûܵġųĬһ˵
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Щûмֵѩûסģһ㣬ڳеĽ䣬ȻҲܹصѩأҪڸԵ˼飬ֱһ۵ȥ
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ÿѩ嶼Žһ𣬿ǵĲƲٵÿ
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΢΢»Ŀסеʹ
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СĬˣΪ۵ĺõͶѩòãû뵽ôġ
ٹ۲켸죬ûлһȥѾˣǲҪѩ˳棬Ȼ۸Ͳ˵ˡ
š˵
ŵĿڴ⣬ߵλͦõģԼԼԿԶѩǾۼĵط
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Ҳ֪ˣЩϵĻ˵ѩ壬ǰҲ̨ϵսʿֻıĹˣűֵطԸ
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Сǲûסܳʱ䣬ȥһµصĵͷߡ
һĺӣ֪ΪʲôȻᣬȴһͷ׵ͷȥǿ׳ȻϵϢƭ˵ġ
ߵսʿޱ飬Ľ׳ߴ󣬰˵󣬶Ӷ
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ⲻܡĪ۾һ֪㣬ѩļ۸Ͳ˵ˣ˵ȥˣͲ֪Ҫ߶顣
Կһµģ룬ǿԺǳֻҪӽβЩѩ忪ʼͺˡС㲻ż˵
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ĪСĻ֮ٿ߿һۡ
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ȻǸʳͨٺ٣˵ʳ˵͵ȵսϡ
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İɣһᴦõġ
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һ˫˫۾˲Ϳ˹ȥ

152 ׳н

, ׻ŵĴ׻, һ˲, 㡡
ڷԼʱ, һ˫˫Ŀͣһֻϵİ׻վ, 㡣˵ˣôˣ
˵͵Եġ
߲Ŀ, ȻЦЦ㲻Ļɣ
, Ҵѩ, 峤ܵǡ˵
ҹķ, 㡹ͭɫļֱͦţһûгʵĿǵɨ, ϴһ˿Ǳŵġ
ѩصһ˲, ۾ƺĹǺܺõɫ, ֻÿһλãһ
ѩػ𣿡ʵ
ѩѾ, ҶŬ, зסʳ, Ҳðˡ
㡲һ˵, ͼΧĻȫΧ˹, һ档
뿪ѩصʱһ׵ģ˵ˣС̶ҪȥˣЩ˵вģǶǼٵġ
ǣһҹģеĻǶڵ㡣ѩص顭
Ȼˣһһ߳Զ֡
Сϼ㡵ʱһ¶ˮС㣬Цùֲãͺҵʧɢֵһ㡣
ṩģЩóԣӲҪùпС
С㿴˰Ҳ֪ʲôģˮʣⲢµ뷨飬˵ܿꡣ
ĪȵսʿԵýζģʵߣճҲһЩȵĹܳϺõĻᲢࡣ
׵õһͣʵЩˡ
˵ҪʲôͬĻǾЩѩսʿˣǲϵŨҲʵֻǺ㡣
ֶȻòһһӿˣˮȥֶѳԵòУЩʵҪ˲ŻԵġ
ڳԵò̲֮סȽϺóԡ
û£ǳϰˡֵĿһ࣬ϵ
࣬һһҲͲˣǳԸζʳġ
սʿ˵ͷ˵߽ܹ㶨ˡ
˵꣬ÿԱߵѩսʿ˸ЩɻĿ˿ģҲûд̣ǸĵСŵ
ⶫʲôá˵ţû˵꣬ûˡ
Ϊŷŵ˾;סˣ嵽𾪵֡
ζûгԵģóԵûж˼ȥΪʲôóԣóԣֻ벻ͣĳš
ֿܶٵľ׽š
ڿٳһ֮սʿЩ㱻ز񣬲ȴǺֱ׵ģ˸
ţһĺóԡ
óԵҪͷȥˡ
ٴγ֮սʿؿٵİ涪һߣֱӰʣµٵĳ
ѩսʿҲˣûԵķ׷Լһ
ҶԵúܿ졣
һСˣĪսʿ˸յʱ̧ͷгź
ʲô̫óˡЩưǴ˵ĻͻζƮһ
ѩزѩ㣬µҲҪЩġС˵
ǾͺãǾͺá˵꣬һεЦЦ˵Ƿİɣߵܿõġ
õģǾ鷳ˡС˵
С£ߵķõģҲûʲôˣǮˡսʿ˵⻰ʱЩ
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˵ʱļ˼Ѿʼ½½ʰˣС⿴һ֮󣬾ջĿ⡣
ս֮ǵѩǣ϶ûôܹջȥģҡڿߵ֮Соµ뷨Ǯ׬˵
ЩѩսʿôãҲûб˼ֱӣԺ󸪵׳нǮˡ
СĿ⵭Ȼ侲
ֻҪѩĵ꿪ù࣬ùãЩһǣҪ׬Ǯġ
Īսʿڳ֮󣬾ͳȥˣС֮ſ㡡
Ǳߵôˣʡ
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Ǿͺã⼸죬ǾܹջһЩˣѩǱҪһˣǼҲҪһţʵûжǮͶȥˡСֻҪһ뵽֣ͷۣƫƫǻǲòɵ顣
ϵ¶ˮ֮߹ӣһƬһ߳һŸղŵ飬СҲûţ˵Ϊ߿еѶȣ֮ǰû˵ˣһ£оУȥˡ
㡵˵ͷֻ˵Ļǰͺˡ
ѩսʿҲû˵ȻļԷ
ĻãѾˣҲûʲôװΣǳԷʱ򣬵ϰ˵顣
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ϰ˵ͷɴ˵ˡ
ƽʱûʲô⣬òҪȻǸϽǮȥǱסˡ
չĻҪ죬С극֮ǰߵǸĪҵսʿİѸҵԼ˹β͵ĻҪҡˡ
СȻһЦ˵鷳ˡ
˵꣬ѩսʿһСɣ˹ȥȥ·ϳ԰ɣԵĻͿ԰ˣý跿á
սʿõСɣ۾ˣ˵û⣬һȥ˵ġ
һߡ
ĸۡ˶ʼˡ
ܼѾ˵ˣҪūļһƬյϡ
Ѿū̫ˣ۾Ѿû˹ʣľƻ
Щ͵޴һС鶼첻áܼһһӵĻ
û˵ֻһСѩĲǣѾˣЩ͵
˵ţָָ˭˭˭
ȻӭĲͣǹܼıӡ
Ǳѩдò죬׷ǿԱܿģܱܿܿˣӭģǸӲпĶ
ӻµĵطƿյž֮Ӷͷ˲һѪۡ
׷ƤӳźɫѪίǿ
ܼҿ˵Ժ͵Ͳôˡ
ȺУһѩŮڹܼתߺ󣬿ٵİ˻ȥȹܼҷԽ˶֮ɳ˵ʲôЩ˺ʲôϵֲǲ֪
׷죬ǿתͷã˵븸ˡ
ͷסӣٵȵȣ㳤ˣͺˡ

153 

˳˵, , 仯ľǱ仯ˡ
Сڷżƻû֮ôչ, ͻ, ʹһӵ
Щ֣±˹ȥ
ô죿ʱǿ϶ˡһѩսʿš
Ƕ𣿡㡵洫˽Ǽ·
ԼԼģС㻹ŵѪζ
Ĳǹġ
û, Щ̫ˡ
һҲ, Ҳˡ
Щ̫, Ǿ͡ͰǶˡ
ѩսʿԽԽСȻ֪ˣСûϸȥ, о˹, ˢһ´š
ŵĿһӾסˡ
ķӦܿ죬˵㣬ˣҪѩء
С㿴Ÿˣȫǲʶѩ, ЩѩС, һѩ˵ȫѪ˵òᡣ
ô£Сʵ
ǰɳ˳ȥǱǴȥ, ǻʱ, һڴѩ, Ϊ˻סС̣òᣬսʿһûסͰ˸ػˡ
˵ţҲͷۣս֮ǣ黹治ð죬˵ˣǿܰɡ
ʱ˿𣿡Сƽľ
ˣ֪Ǹɵġһѩսʿ߳ͷ˵
֪𣿡Сʵ
֪ӦÿҹˣϾǶط㶣˵ܵʱܵñȽϿ졣
ˣţ߰ɣϾ߲Ÿո˵͵طҪµģ˹ˣ˵֪ˣͷ˻ô࣬˵һǸɵˣҪҲ¡
С˵꣬ҪߣȻ鷳ҪˣĶҲҪʰһµġ
ֻû˾ͱŸˣ˵ҲҪߣ¡
ΪʲôС˲Բ۾
ΪҲС̣Ƿֲѩ̺ǸѩʲôģֻҪ߾Ͷˡ
ֻҪ̲ˣȻѾһֻС̻ǣǾûҪһֻС̻ȥġ
ǣŶû˵ģͰС㡵Ļ߰ɡ
㡵˵ͷתҪȥʱܽ˺üѩ壬ʮѩ岻ģǿ˱ˣԼҵġ
˵Ǹѩ˺ֻС̣Ǳߵģѩȫ˱壬׷ȥ
һ·ϣҲܵѩڻѩǻԾĨǳֹĺۼȻұ˵ߡ
ܳս֮ǺСԼԼĿԶĵطл˸ֻһۣͿˣΪ㡵ٶʵ̫ˡ
ս֮ǵſڡ
һѩսʿڿСʧ󣬲ջĿ⣬۵˸ŸжһϣȻٰתʱͳȥ
ѩսʿһģ·ߵѩսʿ
Ų֮ǲûսȷЩ׷ץСǺ󣬾͸ˡ
ץסǣץסǣΪ׵Ĺܼˡ
ǺȥѵһСӣСӾȻҶײų˼ޣϵľȻҲ췴ˡ
Ҳˣ龭ģҲ֪ѩ£Ȼ˸ˡ
뵽ܼҵŤˣضʧĿѩ尡ǣȻֻһֻ
Щѩץȥ룬һˡ
ܼҼɼĶ˶壬ɶӵ˵Ȼˣͱǲˡ
֪£ԼǴ򲻹ЩѩģǰЩѩԾǵͶ·һ˭ҵģҪôʵп£ҪôʵǿǩħԼ
ѩսʿûܼʱҲЩսʿˣôˣͲţò⼸ѩ壡
ϣ˭ץסˣһúõĸүġܼ˵
սܿͿʼˣȻ˶ԸΪܳģҲиԵɡ
ϵҲȻܼͬԤϵǰ㣬ܿģ˾ѹסǼѩսʿ
ʮΧ£һȽѩսʿһз˳ȥ
ģ죬ǣԺ󻹸ҲҺԣܼҵǴŲмЦ
ʱΧͽȻһͣԭ֪ʲôʱʼѾվѩսʿ
ȻǶαװⲢӰսʵģѾкüѩȥˣֱӾͰѹܼҴ˴ſڵˡ
Щ֮󣬺Щѩսʿǲûлཻȷ֮ǰΧļѩսʿ֮󣬸Ѹʧ
ȹܼҰ֮Χ˵ѩˣһëû¡
ģһǣһ췴ˣȥү˵ϡܼҷվһزսʿħʦˣǳʲô
ǡ
Ϣŭ
Ӵ
죬Щˡ
֮ܵ󣬿˿ܣûˣѸȥϵαװȻ
ţúܿĶصԭȵĵط
类治֪ǰߵĶӣͺãͺá
֪Щ߰еˣѩѩ塣
Ϊս֮ǵһѩ壬߲ˣҲû취飬ֻĻӲŲħԼ顣
ѾʮûмˣҲԺ󶼼ˣ֪ԺúõģͿˡ
һѩս̨ϵģвظˣѾܺˡ
ս֮ǴĿ£õĸߴѩսʿֱͦ۶ȥķ¶οЦ
С㱻˺ԶֶԷû׷֮Ϣ
ǡСʵ
㡿Ŷˣһⲻġ
ո̫죬Ҳͣˣɲͷϸǣ㡻ĿԲɣָŰ˵ֻǸģ桭滹˼
Խ˵棬ԽǺܿģֱ׳ָźʮ˵Щǡ
С֪ô£˶һѪˣҪǻ֪ĻǾ̫ˣҲʵ˵ǲĻֻȥô۸ģ
ǲѩصġһѩսʿ˵
һܹܵģƽʱģұʵǿģϾʵǿͱǩħԼˣ˵ˣ뷴С
С˵ͷû˵ˣѩսʿϸϸ˵ս֮ǵ顣
˵ˣһȻĿŸո̧𣬾Ϳ㡲޵ˣǿԣһҪȥˡ
ȱ𼱣£һûˣԺİ취С˵
˵ѩ岢ѩһģʷ⣬ǰɣô˵Сûа취εġ
ڲУԺҲдȥʱ
´ȥʱһǺѩصѩսʿȫز䣡

154 ط

Ȼ, ǾϢɡС껰֮, ΢Ц
ע⵽ˣȻʮ˶սʿ, ϵƲǿ, ҿӾ֪ۡ
ۣһûԱӡ
ȻⲢֻС㿴ˣҲˣǺԾ, 뿪˶Ϣĵط, ȥѰҳԵˡ
㡺ĿС, Ǳ˼ҴţջĿ⣬Ͷסˡ
͵ˡ
ʶ¶˸ֺõЦ, С񶼴żС, 㣬㲻˰ɣ
ûУôأСһĲ΢Ц
ǾͺãǾͺá㡾еֿ֣, СǴЦ, ǹֱķЦҲȥҵԵġ
, עⰲȫСЦЦ
ҡһܿģ
֪Ϊʲô, СЦ, ʶĶܿ˺ü֡
С֮ȥǸ˵ѩˣȻ֮ǰ˵ͦصģҩ֮󣬻ָûǺܲģǸҲһֱԱչ
ûˣСܿ˿һÿ˻һҲˡ
һҲǿԴӴԵҰˣܳߣۼȻܺóԡû˵ʱʱѣ裬ֳɵĲˡ
Ȼüûʲô󷹵ĹʲôģĿռ䴢һֱһ׵ġ
Ų֪ѩûҰˣСѷֵĻһҲȫ˳׼ȥֲ
µѩսʿûСҪʲôֱӰѻһҲ˸ӹȥˣ㣬Ϣʣµ
ǾãȥϢɣС˵
ȰȰС̵ѩսʿһСҪʱ۾ԲˣЦúúãҪͽһ
ðСӦš
ѩ弴ʹС̣ȳһ㶼ԼʲôҪ˰æġ
ʱսʿˮˣСѾѹʲôĸóˣһҲϴϴͷŵһˡ
һոճûõѩĿƵĶС㣬ȻСֱӵͬںóԵġ
֪ߵǸѩսʿ˵ʲôûã˾һСˣҲûа׶ߣ˳ѻˡ
ʱսʿûˣС㿴ҰĶ֪ʲô֣ȻսʿģǾͿ϶ܳԵġ
Ҳûñ˰æԼֱӷָˣźãͷ͹ͷźãʱ˳ˡ
ΪʲôûЩһǰæҪ΢ѩսʿûбѩأһ˷һԳȫֵǲ˵ļһ
ɲԵЩһĺڰҪ֪ǰѩѵԵʱֱӿģ⣬峤ǵļﻹѵõζ
СЩˣʳ£ܽܵġ
ڴҰ֮С󲿷ģϾ̫ˣ֬ŪһҲˣʱÿ˷һ㣬ζˡ
һЩŵȣֱӾġ
ζһ̣ѩעƵߣĿⶼƲˣҪǻûãƶѾȫˡ
˵ѩսʿʱѾûˣڴţĸոչսʿʱѾģ϶ģˡ
ϾƮڿеζʵ̫˰
Ǵûŵζϲû취ݣͺһ㡣
ȻҪϲľķˡһսʿ˵
ƨ㣬ģǶϲķһѩսʿֱӾͰ˹ȥزͬȡ
ŴС㿴һ۾ûˣе顣
ʱɫѾЩˣСĵطϢĵطССⲢҹģǵǳ˷Ҫ·
СʳﶼŪ֮սʿѾֱʼŶˣѩսʿŵúܿ죬ģոչȻ֪ԭ򣬵Ծ
ڷֵʳ֮ÿ˶ͷ
˵ͼꤵļһˣЩѩܹԱսʿǣСʳ£Ҳֻгٵķݵġ
̫óˡ
أóԡ
̫óˡ
ҴûԹôóԵġ⡣
ʱģ˲ĸ̾һ䣬Ȼͷԣֱǿʱ򣬶Լͬͣ˳Զٶȣ»ǣСĳûгԵζʳ
ϵıҸܣŶδ
ǰϵʳԺֶȥԼŪʮԴͷȡ
·ϵʱҲûġ
һֻСħޣͼСһѰʳĵʱ͵ϮС㷢ˣһϵħȥ׼С㵱͵СħޣǼǰƴѿ·ȥӴ˲Ӱ
ʱ㡵˶ˣ֪Ϊʲô֣ܵħ޾ԼĴ
룬ӦǴɡ
Ȼѩ̾Ǻģ㡿佱
ţ̫ˣѾǸܰļһˡ
رҪѵģԺ󻹸Ҳң
һ·˼֮Сһڻصѩء
ԶԶĶԿǻŬĹţǵʱ򣬼ˣ׷˹
С˺˵˼仰֮󣬾ʹȥ˲䡣
峤յϢܿ͹ˣܺܵģ˵ʱ򣬻ǲġ
ѩսʿĻָǲģȻ˵⼸춼ڸ·Сһ·ҲǺóԺúȵŵģǻʱ򣬳֮ǰ˵ѩˣѩС궼˵㡣
Щʵ̫ˣЩãҪʱ򻹻ι뱥ģûҪʱֱӾˣȻⲢֻЩѩ汻嶼ġ
ڶԴūԼһףս֮ǵķչѾܳˣûʲô©ӵץȥǸ
ȻҲЩѩսʿǿȻҪӳҲûôģħԼ⣬һһҪӵܲ˼ᱻץȥ
С峤˵֮󣬸ոջǾͱȥϢˡ
鶼źú㡱ҲҪߵģСס㡣ȵȡ
Щԥ²ʵ㣬𣿡
еģ֮ǰǷ˸Ҿʱ򿪿ѳˡСЦһᡣ
ǿصϢͷˣǵģǿء
ػôˣԺ󻹻࣬ҪܶĵءСº͵˵
£ͷϵ亹ˡ
ǲ̫ԴһתܿС˼ĬĬͶ滹ļһǣõģ֪ˡ
ҶзݵģԣӦһȥġ
С㿴Լ˼˵ͷԼȥˡ
زôãЩˣ˳ֵģӿڴó˵Сʳ
С㻹ûаСʳŵͽӴһֱ׵ߡ
̧ͷ˹ȥ΢ʪĸɾȫǶʳСû취ѿڴһСʳ˹ȥ˵㡣
ЩСʳģԼϲĿζ˵Ȼ
лл
ڽӹСʳʱͫ׶ˣѱĮȴıˣȥЩȡ
С㿴ǳаĺɫЩ̵ûж֣Ϊ̫רעˣǵ׽ʳ￴һֵۣͷˡ
Ǳߣ㡺ܿģͰЩһǶϳȥˡ
֮ǰ丽ĵضѳˣ΢Զ㱾ҲҪѵģǱߵѶȱȽϸߣȫӲûʲôôĶҲ֪ôģʱһ㣬С̫ķʱˣͣսʿȥˡ
СǶСȸɻţսʿǾ͸˵ˣҪե˳ԷˣȻôʱʱܹͻƼޡ
ʱɫոûã㡴峤ķ󣬾ͰսʿǸˡ
֪С㲢˵ǲø£ǲôɣ飬ȻҪͷģϾˣûĴۣԺͲһˡ
һʮսʿ㡳ʱ򣬻֪ʲô飬ȵ˵ط֮ż±ƣһ˫˫ԲԲĻۿ㡡
أ֪
㡳ĬؿǣҪ˵ֲ֪ôڣ̾Ϣɻɡ
ܲˡ
սʿŵĿ㡡
˵ˣԼɵ飬ڣǶġ
УǸոճûõСսʿ⻰¶ʹɫһ
ֵģòûˣضתתֻصˡ
һɣı飬֣սʿļ򣬡ˣ޵úôҲġ
սʿһ⻰ûڵĺ֮ȥ
ĬĬĿأֻ֪ܸܲɻˡ
Ҳ֪ǵʲôˣӲֲÿѣһرֵСħϲȫڵ档
໣֪ˡ
ΪʲôҪôһƬŪצӺʹʹ
໰ԺҲˡ
֪ˡ
Ĩ˰սʿǵĲҽУٻצצͻȻģǵһϳɳصʱͽӲסˡ
áۣ
һ֮㡵˻ȥʱѾ۵ýƣߣо嶼ԼˣǻŻȥҪֱ̱ĵˡ
һҹлսʿǶģԺ󶼲ˣҪ죬ҪأҪղ涨һֻطûӣ

155 

ǻȥ˯ʱ, ѩصһ, һڰħʦ¶ּѵѩ忪·ϡ
ȥƺˣ·ĵ, , ȴһ㶼ûͣ˼ĿԺȷĳѩ岿ȥ
һ·϶ûˣֻһš
ڰеĺȴġ
һɫӰ, Ӳݴһ, ؽ˾Ǹڰħʦһĵط
쵽𡭡ûѩĵط, Ӧþ˰ɡͼ˵ǰ߾ˡ
ǵùΰĺڰħʦ, һ»صʱ򡭡һȥġ
ڰ, ڰħʦţƺҪˣƺԼֺܾáԶڵգĿӼᶨ˹ȥ
ѩôΪЩ¶, ˶ҵĻ, ӦҲûɣ
ǽƻĺڰħʦǾԲġ
˵ţŻصĽŲ, ǰš
Ȼ, Ѿ·, ȻҲܵطѩЩ޴ļһǺŵġ
Ͼӽ˵ôȵǸּҵҪúá
ڰħʦôţҡҡλεǰš
ѩصķĴţҹɫžΣķ
ΣվԽԽˣûзһ㣬ѩĲǰš
ʱѾˣѩ岿֮Ҫô˵ôЩ˽ġ
ûȺڰħʦͻȻһٶϸһӵģǰڲݴħ޿Ϯ
ȳŵúܴһھҪڰħʦĲӡ
ԽԽˣںڰħʦħ޵ʱĲӺѾֻвʮ׵ľ롣
ƺˣƺûš
𡪡
ͻȻģħڰħʦһ̣ٿأͱ˵ϣڷһ֮һֺܿٶѸٸüӣȻɢ˵ϡ
һжô졣
һںڰвſʼͽˡ
ֻǵ·ϵĺڰħʦҡҡλεţƺ˵ѩ顭
ԭǻص֮󣬾Ҫ˯ˣǲߵԷȻ̧ͷԶ
ͬʱѲߵѩսʿҲѾܿϵǱˡ
Сʱ򣬻峤ߣ˻˵ŽС̵飬˳ҲҪսʿǺúѧѧնģ˵һʱ򣬾ͷ峤Ծˡ
ôˣСʵ
ħ޵ĽԾ峤˵
ķЩԶѩսʿǵձ鶼ܺõģҪǣסһӣʲô£ʲôħ޻ᷢʲôģȻΣķĵطˡ
𣿡Сһ˵
ʱ˹ʲǺ飬һðֻڰǰ˵Ļûôո˵ѩء
û£Ǽ˵ŸղŵɣսʿӦùȥˣʱ֪ˡ峤˵
˵ҲûѲսʿȫٱ£ܿҵ˵طǿһһϢǿ˵ļһ
ѩսʿںڰҲܺãȥˡ
ô죿һѩսʿʵ
ȴȥһڵϵˣҲɻ󣬲ˣܼܲȰɡ
ܿģѲսʿͰڵϵ˸ȥˡûпڰħʦ˲˵ĵ顣
ʵѩսʿϹ֮ǰѾԼˡ
ȵľЩ˰ȥϾˣҲ˳ǺúõİԼȥˡ
֮飬Ǻúõĺѩ彻ˡ
峤˵껰ûãСͿѲսʿǴһںڵĶϸ֮£ŷ֣һźӵˡ
峤㣬ģˡһѩսʿ˵
ϼ޻ĺڰħʦʱѾˣǵطˣۣйţһҪúúЩѩǣ֪Լǵĺѣ
˭һʵ
֪࣬һħʦ˻ѩսʿԴ˵
ûΰּħʦ
Ͷںڰ֮Уƻ飬޳ԲЩ޴ۣͬ
ڰħʦкǵ⣬ҪһȻúúЩѩ屿ѡ
Ȼû
صĶ߾⧲ģһϲ˵̫ˣѩǺѣ
أ
ʱСѾĿĿڵϵļһˡ
ʱ򰡡
ո˵İ
Զŵĸ߼а
̫ˣ

156 ڰ

Сǰں峤۲, Ȼѩۿɼٶȷչ, ⻹Ǻܴġ
˵ģǲ͹ͷ, ʳ, Լȱ˲ˡ
Ĳ˲˵ѩصģؼǣȥ˲ŻѴ, Ʒֻһ, ͡սСˡ
һķչ, ǲֻսСֵģǲܰٻţҲǺܶġ
˳Ǯ, Сͷ۵ľ˲ˡ
˲, ˲ţĿ˲ţ
ʱ򣬾ͿһرС̣˫ĿŹĿԼǷģ, ƻĺڰħʦˡ
, Ҫϸֱһ£Сѩ, Ҫ, ǲǺڰˡ
, Ⱥϸоʱ򣬷ǰѩСѾָ˵Ȼģ·ղŵļֻһ˵Ĵѡ
ǡ
ҪʻСʲôû˵תȥǱߣʲôſƮһɺζ
ǰװεʱ򣬱СһĻ𾪵ˣعԺ󣬷ѩѾȥˡ
ԡ
ӦùעĲ⡣
⵽ʲô
㰡
װһװĺأűˣεĿǸѩС̡
죬ҡ
صмˣС̵Ļ޲Լȥˡ
ںؿСڰó󣬱һϲ׼˵Ȼӹʱ򣬾ͼǸѩС̡
İᶯ˸ӣȻԼȥʼԷˡ
ո˵ʲô
ǸѩС̻߳ò˵ʳһ޹
ƻĺأ
һֱΪԺ飬ǳɹ㷭ļħʦּ½ϸˡ
ǰǸɶĸּңּѾˣȡ֮ȫּˣܲһֱкġ
˼Լ֮󣬻
̫ˡ
ȫûа취עǸѩСƿһһʵ̫úڰħʦˡ
ôĶѵӦȸ
ҪǣŰ
ڳʲôۿǸѩС̻㲻û취ˣȥҪǸȥ֪ζʳԹ˰
Ŷ˵ѩеĿ㣬˵лϵħζǻһըĸожζˡŵһը飬һֱûüȥġ
С˵ţ̾һֻܳһʳʣĶˣҾˣһҪȥģԲҪٳʣʣˡ
ʣʣģ
˲ʹˣŵĿǸĿը飬ôζĶʣġ
Ȼ߹ĺǴʣģǣȥʵǺó԰
Ŀֻ˸һ룬ʵܸҲ𣿡
صĻ˵꣬ͼǸѩСһ䱸ĿͺΰĺشħʦƭһѩС̵ʳһ㡣
ʵ̫ˡ
һḶǮġĻ˵꣬ʶڴտҲ
ʱ򣬺زǰͺЩϼһǴһܣˣȫҵǸʱŴıըûˡ
һ·ϣǿٻģò׵ѩأһ·ûлǮĵطڣȫˡ
Լΰƻĺشħʦʱһ⵰
ۿѩС̵ĿԽԽˣĬĬԼͻȻãӦĿѩġ
ûǮ𣿡
УֻǶˡæ˵
ǾûǮˣ۾ĹâƺĲһ㡣
ظܵûǮʹˣЩС˵ǵģûǮ
𣿡
ĵĻٿȻ̧ͷѵ
ոشţͼѩС̼˵Ҳû£ǲкܶ๤ġ
ƻĺأ
ںǻɣѩĲ
Ϊ˶ѩصĺڰþ
Ͳѩ岿䣿
ҲͲѩأ
ص˲;ˣѩô޴ôһٶΰĺشħʦʧء
ţͼǸѩС˹԰ɡ
о裬ĶǲԵģ
Ȼúڰħһ顣
û⣿
üͷּһ顣
û⣿
ǡǾͳ
ôŵĺѾĶֱӰըŵ
㡣
ʲô
óԡ
һħʳŻôóԡ
ڰϰʵ̫ζˡ

ûˣ
Ⱥȥʱ򣬷Ѿˣǻɣǲĸ쵰͵ը飬Ƭ֮󣬾ͳĬˡ
ûУȫԹˡ
ƷƷʣζ̧ͷǸѩС̣˵óԣ𣿡
ʱ򣬺ʲôþʲôڰѩ壬ʲôΰĽƻĺشħʦʧ󣬷һɺ
ֻٳԵѩζը顣
ûŶѾˣҪԷĻȥʳˣǱкܶóԵģҪǮġ
С˵ţۺأ˵֪ûǮǲṩģ԰סŶ
⻰رмΰĺڰħʦûǮ
ûǮѡ
ǣԥƬ֮󣬺ؾͿɳܵͬˡǸѩС̳ȥ֮һ䡣
棡
ʱ˾ܡ
ڶ죬һѩսʿ˻ĵʱ˻Щ㱣һŷɥĺڰħʦѩ
Կʼˡ˵
أִͷۣô̵ʱڣһȥȫצצˣĺ۰
ǲÿʱÿ̶սõģȻսŵʱرÿѣһսˣǵצצҪˡ
ңµǣƬʵ̫ˣǵĻ궼꣬Ҫǣʱһһֻֻϻġ
ڿʱ򣬸Ŀġ
ؿأϳԵͣ۾һգſʱĵѾ˺ܶˡ
ȻЩ˵սѩ壬ڴ־ս滹Ǻܺõģڣѩսʿһһ׼Ҫüһܸȥûϵ˲ˣٻˣϢ
ʱһոմѩػðţһƬãʱ񾭽ˡ
䱸䱸һ˴һ
ðųǴģֵãһݣ˵һһڰħʦĴڣħʦĴڣСһ㣬ʵڲԣܡ
ѵѩѾˣһ˿澪ĶǵһĻ˵
ԣǿ쿴ЩǣڱеһŮսʿ˵
ðųԱĿصǱ߿ȥſţͻȻиһǱ߻ѩսʿǲڿİɣ
ðųԱǣ
˵еǾȻԷ

157 

Ų, ˶ȥˡ
СôץССһɹ̫ˡ
ЩѩСС, ѾԭȸݵֻʣƤëӣϴøɸɾ, ëɵСһˡ
˵֮ǰǲ, ǺСС, ҲѾԵԲĹĵ, ԶԶȥ͸Сëһ
ΧСССΧúܿģһιͷ˦棬һпС, һԱߴš
ȻҲСſСϣƤë
, , Сǲʱ䣬ټôСС̵ġ
ۿԼҪһˮ, Соͷȥ
ԱߵСС, һľˤ, ˦˦ͷѸ, رƵĽһ, ͷ·Լûˤһ
һֻСС, ȥ, ͣ˸ѧųսʿǵӺС
СֻСС̣ʱŲԵƣҪ͵ϮϴֻСС̣ûüȥͷСڿԼ
ǣСȣյܵСǰͷ˲°ͣȻɵڵأһڴĿС㡣
С㶺Ūһ󣬾ͲˣǵСһﻹһ
ʱһѩսʿ˹
㣬ҪӶǵȥһѩأϴνģպлˡ
С⻰̧ͷЦϾͿˣ߽ȥˡ
õġѩսʿ˵
ڲչСָ̣˭ģ˭пվ˭ϣսʿȻľͰСǸȥˡ
СȥܾˣһҲлȥֲ̫̫ΣյĵطѵлᣬͲŹˡ
ܿģСͼǸӶѩĴ󺺣һսʿϵƾ֪Ϲսˡ
ʱѾˣϾһӾӢսʿҲĶǱ߿ĲŪ
ٴμСʱȻЩ˼ģⲻ˼ʱ̫ˣûĹ⺺ָզզˡ
ǹʱ򣬲Ѿ̸ˣûãС͸Ŷˡ
һ·ϣߵ˶ûô˵Ӿ֪ˣǲ˵
СΪͷȻ͸û˵ıҪˣһ·ϸžˣѸħޣսʿ
Դӳ˲İȫΧ֮ϵħ޾ԽԽˡ
ʱҲʵǿر͵ϮѸħޣڳֵһ̣ͻᱻеѩսʿ
ȻΪһСҲûٱŵġԾĸڶм䣬һ㶼ȵĻᡣ
ܿģڿҪĿĵصʱ
ԶͻȻһǽ൱Σˡ
ãټͬ顣㡵ɫ䣬ףôطôͻȻһֻᷢѩǡ
еѩսʿܿͷɢΧӶǵðųԱҲʵı飬һء
ڵȷǸħ޳֮ϳˣѸ㣬Ǻ鷳
ֻħ޺ٹħޣһһ߳˹޶ڣɱڵġ
еС˴ʱѾ־ˣڿΧ˼ᶨѩսʿǺְһ㡣
ô£ôֻٻħޣ
֪֮ǰҪȥȡ
᲻ǳǵĶġ
ܣǶͶãһֻħʲô
ðŵĳԱǷ׷˵Żʱ򣬷·ֻж˵ǰˡ
ʵˣûǮӶѩģǺڣǶһˣʱûйӶĻֻڣҪȫѩˡ
еǸ˿ҲѾƵˣȻһֱ˵ѩصΣգǴûһԼҪĳ
һֻֻѪڱܹħޣŵҪˣҪǶлиѩսʿ߱ʱҪˡ
붼ģͿǸѩսʿˣΪ޳ʱԼ£ѵõĴһأְԱߵѩС̸ק˹
⡢Ǵ򲻹ĻѩսʿҲῼţǸѩС·ɣ
Բϣд˿־壬ֵ嶼ɪɪš
קŲֵС㣺
սܿʹˣ󲿷ħ޶ѩսʿΧ©֮㣬ҲðŵĳԱˡ
սʱͦģΧȫѪȵζ
սʿǹɱ˲ٵħޣЩʣµħҲǰȫȥˡ
ˡˡ
̫ˡЩħǷ𣿸ոˡ
ΪҪˡããܻŻȥ
Щħޡ̫ˡ
ðųԱ˵Żڱ˴˵ж˽ٺϲ;֡
еĹһƨ̱˵ϣûôµĳѩսʿڣǮû׻
ͷֻħͲ֪ʲôʱˣѩսʿҲûȥ׷ϾﻹôҪš
ŶûˣҲûеʱ䣬ֱ·ˣѪζô֣̫ȫˡ
ͻȻģСһж
㡵첽˹ȥһ£СһϣϳһεĶ
ܿģεĶɫһ㣬¶ԭģ
һֻ㡣
һͷܺÿĳƤ𪣬¶дһ˵ջ
ǣСʵ
ģûãսܵͣûС˵
ʱҲˣոЩħ²һģϸĻ־ò̫ܡ
͵ؾ࣬˭ץ˭ūƫƫ廹ȵؾ
뵽תͷС㣬˵ǲûã˰ɡ
ôģǾԲôһȥģؾ˵£ܸɻģֻʺЩš
ô˵ţ㡲ԾĿŵĹ壬Уȥ˼
ѩ徫ӢսʿʱҲˣһսʿ˵ҪԸѩĻҲ໣ȥˣֻгƯ壬˰ɣһöûС
ûûֱѩ壬ǲ˵ģ㻹ûг󡣡
ҪʵĻȥץֻƯĵؾɣǸħʦٻһÿ죿
ҼǵòСҲкÿģҪϲȥһֻžˣСɶࡣ
Ҳÿԣһ֪һ˾ͲˡսʿڶԴҪȥԲʳļһǼܾģ˵⻰ʱ򣬸Žᡣ
ֻĶ࿴۵С㣺
ûⰡ
ʱѾֲС˵ˣΪһ޺󣬴ֿʼˣȻոյħֱ˹

158 

ȺħͻȻ
ĶҲܿ죬৵һ¾ͿС㡣
Ȼ, Ǹ뷨һ, ˿, ѩС߲ȫġ
㡿öͷֱð̣̲ס˵Ͳǿ𣿡
꣺

ͣһ˲
·Ǵδһ㡣
ķӦֱ, ֱӾͱסС㣬ǻġ
ֵ±, ˿ΧҪ޳, æסСһ, ԶԶԣǻ, һҪúһ¡
ͻ, ɧ, ͺɧˡ
С㣺
㡺ѩսʿǣ
ðԱǣ
ʱ, ޳Ѿӽ, Ϊһʼĵԭ, Ǹû, , ܱ޳ѽˣСģ޳, ƾʵ, ܵĻ, Ǿֻܿˣȫ֪ʲô
ɽվŵħޣò̫ͱħޱЩСĸо
˿۾ߣʱʱĺһٻħޡ
ģһô˻̫ˣһðųԱ
αȸոյĻ㣬ô죿˽ʵ
̫ˣȻԼں棬б³ʲôô࣡޳ܵҶħˡһսʿҧг˵
ڰȥüܾãôߣЩħ޲ġһʵ̫ǿĴսе
ô죬ˡ
һ׺ݵĺ˷
ħĿĳ߿񱼶ѩսʿѾ׼ðŵĳԱǻЩţѾȫԼӦվλˡ
ˣˡ
Сһ㣡ע⣡
ķϻˣԽ˵ԽģͲóģ
ԲۣЩħǣûûˡ
ûף𱣻սʿˣ͸˵ˣһֿСߣһ˭Ҳ뿪ӡ
òˣԼҲӦжġıȻ󺰵ͣǣһΣһΣ
ǻڵһ̣ħ޻սʿǶжˡ
ʱ˫ľѾܽӽˣսʿΧţħʦڶмʱʱĸ
սһͺܼңûһԸõġʱ˵Ĳҽʱħ޵Ѫܹȵùľʵߵĸ塣
Ȼ˫Ʋͬʱ򣬻ǲģʱ䳤ˣħǲһƵģϾǱߵһֱڼ١
ѩսʿΪսģⳡսУѩսʿħޣ˸ɨβ©ȻˣⲢ͵ʵģʱð߻ǺܺõģǳͲˣԷ̫ˡ
ΪսϵȻġ
ȰǱߵħ޸֮һ˾Ϳٵ뿪ˡ
㣬ոħˣʱӦǲˣϾҲûôħ޸ãߵȼҲû취ҪСĵ㣬³ʲô⡣㡰צϵѪ΢һ£ҪҸϿ·ˡ
ʵҪȥĵطѾҪˣֻҪٸһʱ·Ͳˡ
Ϊһ·ϳôʣԴҸ·ٶȱԭĿ˲ֹһģСܹóеĺЩħʦ̵ˣΪ˿ߡ
ںܿģ̫ûɽ֮ǰǾ͵طˡ
ðԼˣѩսʿֻΪ˱֤ȫѣСΪͷ͸˵ˣֱӾɽϵˡ
뵽ǰ޳ʱǰһİ׹⡣
Сתһֱߵ㺣ȻΪԺǸ²⣬СЩˡ
ǰϾļջǿƲסС֣ȥ
Ϊ̫ˣ⧲ģ۾ĳһ顣

鰡
ԲϾ֡
Сͷ۵ϵ飬Сʶһ¡
һ¡
һ¡
ȻѾкüˡ
ΪƤϵָʵ̫ˣС̲ס˺ü¡
𣬱ˣñ˹ҿ޿ɲԡ̲ס˵
С͵̧ͷ
ҿԽкܶ˹㻻Ư۾аСʱ
ȵȣǣС㲻ʵ
ǰҿҵ˹ޡ˵ţһûã⸽ͳ˺ʮƯ塣
Ǵˮģպк
㡺ѩ˸ΧˣЩһǣǴǵĺģк㣡
ýûˡҧг˵
Сһ㣬ˮһʵˡ
һǶ٣
͡ٸʱ򼸺ҪһˣϰЩƯ͸˵ˣֱӾͱˡ
˽֮Сˣѩػһѵ壬Ǻ˳źǱѩˡ
ǰײеĺԴѩкֶα֮ǾҲжˣкüλ㱻ˣںʳﶼҶԣѩսʿ㣬ðյϵģ˰Ͼħޡ
ʵ̫ˣҪץһСľͱˣҰ⻹Ҫʱ̵ħޣһûע⣬ֱӾͱԵˡ
ö˶Щ˵Ǽģ嶼ˣȫǱӺ͸Ѫۣкܶ˵ĺۼ֪ǰʲô
ѩص·ϣҲ˺ܶˣûʲôԱģһϰˣͨ˻ҪǲܲϰеĵطˮҲܹһֱˮģҲҪϰʱ򣬿ǰϵΣ̫ˣʱǲŴˮðͷͱ޴ħ޸߳Ե
ħޣһ֣ܹģ˱Եǰܿ㣬öԷװˡ
ȺŵǷ׷˵Լӹö࣬˵һ£ûãǱŵĵϣֱӰ׻һƬˡ
С㿴˿ǣֿ˿ϵ飬תͷ˵̫ˣǻǰǴȥɡÿһţкܶˡ
ڿ޵⻰һ٣ǿ۾ᣬ;õȥˣԱߵʱҲ޲ȥˡ
һ±ơ
У̫ܳˣҪԺõġ㡹Ͼܾˡ
û£һֻԼԼ㡣С㿴Ȼתͷ˵ֵͦǮģ壬ţԺǵĻܴͽˡ
ССҲлˣ顣

ѣ
ȻССҲûжҵɡ
ǾԼޣ
ñһ֣
С˻ȥʱմٶ㡣
ǻȥʱȫǺڵģô㣬ôã׳ǶٵĶ
ʵ̫ˣ

159 

ǺܲԸѩصġ
Ϊ˸óŪѩ岿вҩ, ץס, һʵǮ, 붼ö˶ˡ
Ǹʱ˵ˣҲѩˡ
û취Ǳǲȫѩߵ, ϾЩֻ, չĻ, ֪Ҫ໨Ǯ
û취һ, ǾԲȥǸѩ岿ģԺл, ٺúúЩ˲ǡ
ô, ԭƣ, ͻȻ;, սǿʲô, ӺòǻȥΨһ׼
Ц, ۴ӱǱĵͼ, ֪ԼҪĿĵˡ
Сߴźȥʱ, ˳Щ궼ڸʲôҲǳʶˡ
Ҳûʳʲô, ˵˵, ˽⵽һ㶫
˵, ˮﻹбС㾪ʵ
ȻѩһֱסѩأǣģûǸܵˮȥģ˲֪Ҳϡ档
ţЩħԪյݣҶ֪ط˫һת䣬ġ
Ǿµûһ覴ãÿԡ
ԤģֻҪٸһЩʱ䣬Ϊһ绪˫Ĵˡ
СԴǲûʲôģӵжɫûԱĻӵġ
ѪͳˣҪȻҲ䵽δļһ
˵˼ǣЩսԱģΣԼһ壬˵Ǻܾǿˡ
ԸҲԲ˼ĳ
ϧǿ̫ˣܺ绽귭һˣҪǣڣҲֻкһԳּ㣬ˣ˵ʲôһҲͺһˣԺǡ
Ҫȫȡ𣿡ʡ
ҪС˵
ãϾǹȥ
ΪΣǺܿٵڸֱˮȻȥñˡ
СûоʲôԣⱾѩصĶҿ**ĺȻֱӾͳ˲ע⣬һѩ͵͵͵סˡ
Ҳ˷ΪĻǵȻǸˣѩ壬ǵڻ֪ˣһôɶ飡
ɵǣҲһˮݡ
ΪԶС˳öһ¹ȥˣǰߵЩҲǲõĵģǶ˳źϡ
ߵĺȽСֻһȥˣСһֱڰϵ
紵ݵأлвֲ֪﷼㡣
µ˾ǧڵ˵ص㣬Ϊˣ˼۸߰ħҩΪܹˮɺҲӰս
ǵò׿Ҫҵʱ򣬻ûüȥͼٵ˹ȥһֲɵ˺ܾõݣȻͷҲصĿεˡ
صĻᶼûУֻĿЩʧǰˡ
ٶȿͬһþ
¿ʧһĻٿԭвҩĵطֻһӣʱ͸ооǰһڣ˲ˡ
У֪һطģҪˣϹȥˣôֻʹħ;ˡ
ǲôģΪⶫѾôǮˣͻȻð˸˭֪Щ˻᲻ǸҲ˰
¿ٵȥȻ󸡳ˮ˵죬ʹħᣬں
ʲô壡õĻ˲ͱˣߡ
ǵһʱ򣬻ˣǱߵѾѶˣǽĻᣬβһ˦ˡ
̫ˣֱǸˣЩʲôʱѩصģЩѩ֪𣿡
ģҪ㣬ҾͿħˣ
һһΣټǣ
вҧгݵģû취ûûˣָֻȥһط
θˣǲŵߣûˮͿˮµˡ
Щ˷˰ɣΪʲôѩػ壿ԭ򶨵Ҳסһȫ߽ˣ۾ȫŭӢòС
죬Ҽǵûһ²˵
ԶԶԣһǶ㣬ؾԲЩˡ
̫ɶˣǱˮϵģݸʲôòϣеħʦˣһħԱߵʯͷϣֱӾͰʯͷˡ
ؿ㣬Щ쵰ɱҪˣҲץǣȻݣһȥ
ԣҪټҪһĽѵСȫץȥȻʵǳڶһδĿ˵
ǻΪ֮ǰˮϵħʦ߷ֲģʱʵߣˮкܶħûȥģֻ˱ʼǣʼǱǼҵ˷ˣŹġ
ֻʵ̫ˣԭƻúúõĶߡһǿ壬ʵ̫ˡ
ҪһĻټʱһҪȥһѶˣǻܵʲôʱݺͶǵˡ
ôʱҲôģϾѩôΣյĵطһǶܻģֻҪҵ˵طͲץˡ
˿һ˶ûж˵˺һħȥˡ
ˣǱߡһ˲ؾ˵
죬һҪȵҪǲУͰЩ㶼ץˣļǮͦߵġ
ûزˣ
ŸոյطȲˡ
̧ͷ֮󣬾ͼǱѾˣӦǣ̧ͷ֮ͿվǱߣȻѩ˺ðŵˣɶǣ˵Ǹѩӣ
Ѿˡ
ûع¾Ϳˮ½½ˡ
ؼǣЩʶʼǸǵһݵǸЩҲģ
ϴ飬Ȼ͸ˣΪǵﻹЩأ
һ˲䣬
ֻ綼˼ˣԼġ
˾ĻЩЩÿ˶Щ˿ɵõĺö
һ
ʮʮһʮ
ȥٸ
ٸݣóȥһȫ֣
±ǰһĻ𾪵˵
˵Щµ˿ˣȨƸе˿ˣ۾Ҳˣûģ
ƫƫǻʲôΪڳĲ壬бǿܶѩ塣
С㿴ôƣƣߵһˣɻЩҲѰģ
˵Ҳѩ
СĿ̫ˣһӾͶ˼ˣ
͵ɹģһѩսʿŭվ˵

160 

һӵ, ڳѩսʿȫĿƵΧ
»ûдһѱһֵǮл, ͿⲻƵһĻˣҴģ׺ݵħ, ЩѩҲû¶ֱɫ
, ǡ
׵ĸоӵĲˣҪ֪ᱻֵô, Ͳõ, ΪһСǮ, Ҫ֮֡
С, ؼǾôȥĻǿɾʲôӶûˡ
ҿԶǮġ˵
ɲУ͵ɹģáһѩսʿģֱ, ˵жҲܿ죬ûһ˾Ͷץˡ
Ȼ, ողͶѩҹҲǳʶȤ, ˵Ӿṩ, ǳĽʵ
ιιι, ǲʱˡ
Ȼضշѵ, ѩеǮǮ, ʵûǮĻҲƽϵġ
ЩôŹǣԼǱˡ
ڳҪ˵˭ĻǾֻǸѩˣĿת˹ȥ˵㲻ǿˣǸסˣ峤ǲͬġ
С㿴£ĵ͵ɱץˣʲô飿ŲǮ˼͵Ҫ˵ˣǲɵ
ôֱ׵ĳһӺˣȻô˵ĻǾһˡ
ѩʵǿɺޣѵĺô
Сһ֪ЩʲôЦһú˷ϻˣ˵˷ʱ䡣
ȥﲻҪǮοȥ˼ҵԴģˣô
߰ɣǻȥС˵
á
Ӧһ֮󣬾ʹˡѩսʿԱߣðм䣬ػȥٶȣǼӿ˲١
ϾˣҪҸȫĵطС
һܺڵĵطޱ޼ʵĺڰһС
ͦΣһͷɫ·Ҳڽޱߵĺڰһ㡣
ûлžܲʱʧһжÿ£·ȫ綼ʧˣֻһһ㡣
ʲôûС
˺ڰʲôûС
һƬߣͣǰţ֪ǰʲôûС
Ǿãʲôء
֪ԼҪȥʲôط֪һҪȥ
֪Լڵȴʲôˣ֪һҪˡ
ڰѹ˴ʼŵģ˺Ϳʼˡ
һеһжûб仯ܵﶼһģһֱиҪͣ£Ҫͣ£ȥͻῴġ
֪˶ãտޱߣȵûһֻһˡ
ֻߵ۾ãȻĿܣǸĺӡ
һ۾ȴôãȻΪҲ֪ԼΪʲôޣֻڿʲô
ţ֪˶ãڿǰһˡ
ѽѽǽèСʳˣʳøġһѩС̵Ӵ⴫˽
Ȼſ۾ʱãڣصĹ⡣
ѩСǻߴߴġ
㣬㰡
ǽĻ࣬һѽϴʳøСɣҴˡ
˯ѽòϢˣ˷ˡ
ޱߺڰξ㶣һʱ侹Ȼֲһʵġ
ٴʱ˲ع˳ȥ
⣬ʮС̵˸ԵСʳͻȻţһ±ƵĿΨſڴ׼͵ǸС̣ˣ˵߰ɣһȥ氡
ǰͦЩСǣʪ΢
ڰħʦظպôԱ·͵飬ʱЩëȻˡ
Ҫ֪ոһ죬ѩǶˣΨѩ꣬ϾһѵҪİɵ
ĺֺݵģڻǵá
СôƭѩСǣò뵱ѩɣ
ʵ̫ƻˣΰĺڰħʦƻ
ֹһӿ˽Ų뿪ˡ
СǻʱÿҰСǴӴǱߴҴܹⲻҪעǸһһƬдŵڣǺ̫ˣ벻עⶼѡ
˵Ҫǿûﻹôõļһ
ϧˣһǵ̫ˣֻܶڲˣȻʱ鶼ƳȥˣмˣΪ˲ǳ鷳СҲûдעˣֻڲɻ
Ȼս֮ľǸܺõȥˣǳʺһ
ȥ峤ɡС˵
ٶ˲ûȫߵֻкϾ峤Ȼ󣬵Ҳûд󵽿ٶˡ
ȿȣûģΪ˽Լʱ䣬Ŀǰ칫ûиǺãֱȥ峤Ҿˡ
˳ģԲԲһ㡣
ܿģǾͼ峤ס
С˵֮ҲûԣֱӾҵطסˣȻסҪõĵطԺԼѾˡ
ʵĿǰҪǿźĺֳʲôģԼĸҵ
СİǣѩرĺֱӰҵģʱʱṩһ㺣ʣԼֺƷֳģôҪھͰǷŹȥûãͱ˸ȥһѶ˴ˡ
Ŀǰ뷨СҲֻģȻյǮҪյģĿǰǮлʳʲôģľҪԺҲˣѩͲˡ
鰲ŵúܿ죬һ͵ߵ飬ȻǰŵĸˣǲܹصģǸ˶Դǣµˣܿ͹ˣ쿪סֹܵİ԰ס
һصѩ壬˵ĲǱˣǵһ֪ѵˡ
һһ㡻С˲ˮˣһֵڻһܿļģ
㡣ڻˡ
ɣһɻɣҶǺֵܣ
ûûɻ
㡣
ʵҲģˣҪġ
㡿ſѳһ棬ٿЩûѳһƬ棬˲;ãצеۡ
ûˣֻøˡ
һ˼ԮأȫʼĹˡ
£ǰ㲻͵ĺɻţѩսʿĻצӣһжôĺг
ϣ㡵˻Ŀš
£ŵľܵħſ۾֪һµ΢΢üͷַı۾
ЩѩǵģǴѩ𣬶ˣô׷Ųš
̫ˡ
վԼرί뵱꣬ҶһֹģЩѩսʿһһȺ˴һֱӾʹͷѪĶˡ
ǣȥôˣǾȻŹ
ôţһβһ˦ָӹ˵Ԫ֮е㰲ĵĳ˯ȥ

161 ֮


ε߿, ׵ƶƮڿУʱ, оϷɹ
ʱʱ, и
ǻæµţɹ̫ǳԣСǾͲһ, ԼĻ
ܾˣһȥɣֻ˵
ƿŹС, ˵, 첻ȥˣȥǼط, еˡ
˵, ȡһЩʳ, ӣһеʳһˮһѩǱߴĿ
Ŀ, ˵Ȼ, һ԰ɡ
ôСܿŻ˳ۣɫֻǸóԵõġ
ССѩ⻰, ۾, 仰û, Ľ˽һ
ѩʳζ
ţһ㶼һ̫ˡ
ϵӺܴÿ˶ܹԺüģտܴ󣬳ζн
һԼϲĺ󣬾Ϳʼĳˡ
Ĳ˵Ĵ滹вٵģЩԼԵģŲñ֪ж١
ҵĽҶһ㣬ҪѡġС˵
СѩˣȻؿ磬ԣһġ
С޴ĵܵܣ˵ˣٲ㣬Ǿˡ
УһҪԵöһ㡣СѩһҲ˲סˣŷ
šСӦš
ȫĵעտϣʳ̫ζˣ˵ĺζůůģǻһ㣬ְֺޣ˻ٳԡ
ҧһ֮󣬳С۾òУβͶҸ˦ˣ޲궼ⶫ
ڳϵĿտ󣬳СζǿɲԺһȥѩ尡
Ʊţ⻰ϵտ㶼Ҫˣסˣæ˵ǲУǲȥ
Ϊʲôʵ
ȻˣҪȥˣͲѩΨһһˡ
ưֹһ䣬Ȼ˵ǲȥģǱˣΪʲô
˵꣬Ҳһô룬ֱӾʹλˡ
ѾȥˣãҲ˳ʳָǱߵĸ糰硣
ʱںͳ˵
⧲ģŴ˺һŵһ޵ζ
㡣
̫ˡ
ſڿȥͼվǱߣŸӣǩõ⣬ǺŵζǴɢġ
ȿȣƣ˰һ̲ס˵
Щ˵ƴѩ˲ٺóԵʳģЩ˭ҲûϾС̵Ķ棬Ҳûϡ
ͻȻŵζʵҪˡ
һֻ̰
ûûǸԺӰȻЩͷӡ
ʣµͬųʳζ޲óھͰʳǷ¡
ϣ磬Ҵѩʳǳ˵
ţɡ˵ͷ
á
ƺܿͷźʳҲûƴǣֱӾ㳢ζ
ǲŰʳŵҧ˼£Ǿһ£һ룬Ǿͼӿٶȣ̻һͳԿˣһóٶʳ
űصĳҲ⣬ϵĶһ㶼ûбȳл˼֣ǵóǶˡ
ǾܵܣЩ
ʼã˳ԶٶȶӰˣ֮˵û룬տѾˣֻϸԻԼģ͹Ĺĵģһ֪˲ٿҧ
ƷĿ֮ϵտ᲻ϳˣǿվԱߵĳơ
ǺúӰгԵģǵЩͷӡ
̫ˣϧûˡ˵⻰ĳϣͣ۾ųƣ˼ˡ
ǰһˣѵϲġ
붮ܿʹӴó˸ʳһһݣӣڳ˶ˡ
㣬гϢԺ϶ǿ׳ġһϴӴó˸ֱӵ˹ȥ
ȻЩϼһرСǶԼҵС̻Ǻܰġ
ԺҪʲô飬ǵүүһͰһĳЦЦҲ˸ȥ
ҲУȥɡ
һģó˸Եĺö˳ƣҲ⣬һƷرõı
ȳ˷֮󣬳ƿɵˣʱ䣬ǻúܲˣǰЩ˶ԶԶģԼ棬ػ֮˺ܶѩĶ˲ٵĽҲ˵ؼǣоֻ̧ͷͦˡ
ǰѾȫһˣҲһƤϲˡ
ˣǸո˵ʲôţ
ȳƳŵʱոսŵʱ򣬺˵ӦһϢ
ҡҡͷԼӦˣսˣ˯ﻹһ氡
ҪĻͳЩСˣԣҪҲЩǣֻÿɰһϵûС

162 ͵

һ, С㷢֣Ѳߵսʿ͵͵ѩ
۾һ, ЩһԼ
ҵ峤׵ʱ, ֮ģĺӣԼϷһ㣬Ȼһ, Ŀѩ
ѩ΢ӹһµʳСѾܾûڲ濴, û뵽, ǾȻڳԡ
峤ڿСֵһ̣һĽ, ˲ͰûѩֱӸˡ
ֱ˼ά, СҲ֤, 𼣣
Ϊܹ𣿡С鴤˵
ȿȣȿȡ峤ױŵòҭ, æԼһˮ, ȥ
źñ֮Ц㣬ôˣ
ҿѲսʿڳѩˡС˵
ʱѩʱ, ûзӦ, , ֱһԵʱ򣬲ŷӦ
⡢⡭Ѿǳѩˡ峤һ
С㿴峤ģֱЩͷۣ¶ͷ˵أ
ΪʲôôͻȻʳﲻ𣿡
̫ˡ峤׶ʳһֱйܿŵģʱ䣬ѩ̫ˣ֮ǰĹҲȥˣһе
ңãǰĻʱ䣬̫ҸˣҸþͺһ
ʱ䶼ԲСǳãսʿҲû취ʵ͸˵ˡ
˴磬꣬ѩ˻ҪСĽŽűˡ
Ѿܺˣÿ춼ԣԳԺܶ࣬ҲгСָͷôСȻһˣǰ붼顣
ǰడѾõòˡ
峤һ㶼óԵѩʲôŬάڵֻҪÿǹԣзסҲֵõġ
˵ֻһֳǳԵѩˡ
ǲеģԴСףҲΣûע⵽ⷽ⡣
峤˵˳ѩȰֳ湫ĸɱ˰ɡ
Ļô죿ǿ϶ҲԸġ峤˵
ֻҪһ뵽ǰѻûõĸɱˣ;ܵòУΪˣٳԵģѩء
Դ㲻óѩǾͲųˣʵ˵ʵѩЩҲ۵İȻЩǲˡ
ȻҲսʿǰѩԼڱɹ㳡ǱߣѩŻôģȻҪ͵͵ȥԡ
ÿȦһֻľˣʱץȥˡҪǣǶԱ
Сⷽúܿ죬ѩ˶ֳһ᲻᲻Ǹһ˵ǳԵģʲôǳԣʱٲȥˡ
峤û뵽Сش˾Ҫһսʿټһ°ɣֻǻһͶѡ
УѩĻսʿǲõģǲսʿʵ˺ûʵҪġ
С˼ȷǾԲõġ
峤ǣֳ
Ҳ֪սʿʵˣԲõĻͳãõĻûǿֳȻѾкܶúͲʷＦˣɽٰ
һֻһֻˣܳĸ᲻õģȻ᲻õĻɽˡ
Ҳһ᲻ó԰ûҳЩĻҪȥǮİ
һֻ˺ܶǮ
峤ԽԽۣãԼһôɵġ
֮ǰĲ˲ٵֲ׼Щȥ͹ǻ㶫˳ŪЩ˻ǼӿճɡС˳峤˵
Ҫôɵģպˡ
һأ峤ûĿǰ˵ʳѾˣǻҪȹⶬ죬Ҫ׬Ǯӻǣкܶ顣
ȻûúԶ֪վǰûһߵС̣ܵģƺȻ֪ôܹò䷢չøӺá
ȥɣġ˵仰ظ
֪ΪʲôڱǿŸѹǰǰܹ
Ϊ˫Զݵ
Ϊ֪Լøã
Ϊ
峤һ˲񣬵ع󣬲Цˡ
ɣǲС̰ɱЩϼһǿˡ
ůŴأѩ岿һšС峤Ǳ߳󣬾Ϳʼƻϸˡ
ЩѩصðԽԽˣѹֲ俪ʼʳﲻˡ
ҪһֱýʳﲢͻĻɱⲻ˵취صʳҲǹǺġ
Сõİ취ȰѹǱߵ˸ܹںĻȻõģܵĻҲû£ϾȥĶҲԼʱϱȽϳѡ
ֳĻҲҪչˡ
úͲʷＦɽЩͲ˵ˣԴӿʼ˹ֳսʿǼ˻ľһġ
С˵ǱţģĿǰ˵԰Ǳûʲô뷨ţ
ţ򵥺⻹ࡣ
ڰںͺڰڶȡһ˵ؾҲǱ߳ûСʲôʱ
ҲûлģһְˣҲţΪͨߺԤʳս֮ǱߵĻսǰҲܼģСľⲿֵ⡣
ʱҲ˳㿴Ǳߵز˵ǵǲģⲿֺˣõԶǰ˵úܳԶˡ
Сʱ򣬵·ܹһȺѩС̣ͷֻСڿС֮͵ͣš
ҵͻȻͣ£СɲСеײһһӵģһëޱһƬëޡ
㣬㣬ҪȥʲôһѽͷҴӱ˵Ķ˳ֵûûεĿС㣬ҪСһȥ档
С㿴ңЩЦȻһѾˣ֮ǰ˭ȥֹˡ
ЩԲԲ޹۾ǵڴĿ⣬˵ȥɣҪȥܲҵԵġ
һԵģСǵ۾ʱˣֵҵʳ
Ҫһȥ𣿡
ˣȥɡС֪ģЩҲкܶ๤ģֵֻϢˣſõһȺģȻڸ顣
룬һϢһ죬ҲôģǺ
ڰħʦشʱûݣСʱĿвɵ¶һ˿ͬ飬Щ̣ԼǰͲøɻɣ
ܰС̴׶ϳģҲѩһˣؼǣЩǺû뵽ʲôԵġ
ۼԼҪˣؼӿ뿪ĽŲɲƽţٶӵ㹤
УСЦ൱

163 ƺڰʦ

ȵ, ħʦ
صû߳ɹΪСסˡ
СǼС飬ҲûоˣǺȥĵطˡ
סĺأ
ĬĬİĿתһ, ͼװС㡣
ô˵, Ҫһµġ
ѩ岿һС, ʵãһֻӵ⡣
ô̶̵ʱ, ѾŪ, ѩ岿䵽˭ˡѩ峤׺صӣʵϣЩ, ȫСµġ
ȻҲ㲻ѩ岿ô£֪ҪĻ, ǾԲ, Ϊ, ѩСʵ̫ˣΰƻĺڰħʦ, ҪѸ㶨
Ⱥػعʱ򣬷Сֽһ㡣
ʱ, ʶҪ˵, ΪΣնаĺڰħʦ, ǲϲͱ˿ô, ˵ˣǺڰˣǺϲôľ롣
Ϊı飬ѩСûǰˣⲢܹоɣ֪ΪʲôǾãʱС̽ȥ׼û顣
紵صĺڷѵõģЩʹԼĺģոҪûж࿴ۣˣûˡ
߹û𣿡Сʵ
С˵
ž裬ȻҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪһûгѩС̣СڴĸоΣա
ôţֻ뿴ûйòĵطС΢΢ЦЦ
Ȼͺһţ߱˵߳Եû𣿡
һᵽʳԭıͱˣѩԵĶЩױȵģҪԵöҪͷһȥζʳʵЩ̲סˣԡ
ǸʱûҪѩǳõģϾ˭Ҳ֪ЩʲôʱǣԴӳЩζʳ֮᲻ˡ
زʲôûˣΪڰħʦȻ沢ܵͻӭⲻ෴ģΪʲôɣҺЩ뷨һħʦнҶˡ
˵ˣһЩħʦûеħϣУΪһħʦн㲻ʲôбûħϣǾһֵҫˡ
ȥܶĵطԹܶĶܶĻܶˣûΪκһطκһֻѩ壬ڳԵЩζʳͲˡ
һ֣·дڹĶǰԹŵʳһ㶼һǹĲϣû֣ħʦʮҪԵ**С
Ϊ˵ԣѵõģ˵ͷС˵оƾ͸ˣﻹ㡣
ζʳкܶ࣬Ǿƾˣ֪Ϊ⻹ʲôģѩĲûƵĵط
ҪȾƣֻԼð߻һ㡣
Щðߵľƶ̫ãûпϵġ
СصЦ˵ƵĻҲᰡơƣ׾ƣ׾ƣѾơкܶడ
⻰۾ˡ
ϴһС棬ŪһƵģԴӺԺ󣬾Ҳûпϵľˣѩ岿ҲУ̫ˡ
ʵ
ȻðߣͬΪʳ͸Ƶġ
ǻûҵ㹻ĲϡС˵ţ˼ЦЦΪ̫ˣǲãԾûȥⷽˣҶҪҰ̫ˡ
𣿡ûɵС㣬û˵
ǸߣǶ̶̼죬֪ѩʳжôܻӭģʳɣǸʲôģûŪȥҲǲģѩ廹Ļʵ̫ܹǮˡ
Ҳһ˵ƽʱҲǴõģǼҵ׻еġ
С㿴źزŵҲûж˵ʲôֻ˵ǲʵ̫ȱˣö໢ҪС̣׶԰ûУÿ춼Ҫɻڳ껢Ҫˣкܶ˵ĻЩħҩˮʵ̫˰Ǹ𣬾ķӡ
ЩĬĬıͷȥ
ʲôʱѩôϤˣЩⶼҪ˵
ںʱ򣬶߾С˵ʵҲϣѩ岿ÿĵġ
ص˵ͷŶΰĺڰħʦ͸Ĵ
ȻҲϣܹÿĵ㣬ǵʵ̫ˣҪǮûǮҪûˣʳҲҪûˣҪȥҹǰæ̫ˡСΪѵ
سһ£ѩЩ˺ȷʵͦѵģÿ춼иɲĻйȥһˡ
ȻˣԲΪѩʳóԣΪΰĺڰħʦѩսʿǣǺܺõѣ
ĵͷ˵ȷʵе⡣
߱˵С⻰Цݶʱ͸Ӳˣ˵ʵҪиΰĳɫħʦԸǾͺˣʵ̫ȱˣħʦĻȥǱ߽ˣҲˡ
صͷΪΪħʦģû
ߵʳѾˣȥǱߵģ֪ģ̫Զˣһһصģʵ̫ķʱˣ˵ĻҲŲ
⻰ͶˣϵеģǲܳȥģкܶңҪǱҵĻ鷳ˡ
ôҵԺ飬ǿԲҪ֪СЦ˵˭˵ôôģֻҪݣģ˭֪˭˭Բԣοΰĺڰħʦǿѩѣô˵ģǲǣ
ؿС㣬ˡ

ûһ죬Լʱ
С㿴źأЦ˵ΰĺڰħʦ϶ԼĶԲԣǺΰĺڰħʦԼʲôͬҴû˵˭ΰĺڰħʦһطġ
Ϊ飬һ˵ţһ͵ؿС㣬ͣڵСѾôΪ
ڰħʦһһ׵ģǿ˶ϲģؼǣȥ֪ʵǿĺڰħʦȻûзԣҺܵӡ
ţ
ֱ̫˾ˡ
½ϣ˭֪ڰħʦƢ粻ǽƻȥһٵĺڰħʦһ
㿴˵ǲѩͺڰħʦǺѵģԲƭˡ
ΪȻĵ˵ͷ˵˵öԣڰħʦͲñ˿ס
˵ս֮Ǳ׬ǮĺûᣬҪǵӣһȥǱ߷һʣкܶóԵˣȥʳã㣡
С㱾úȥǱߵģæ͸Ϣڿŵʱ˲͸ıע⡣
һ϶ѵģȻǾʹֹȥˡ
˳㣬úõ׬Ǯٻ

164 ŵС

, ̫ˣҪ˵ءСʱк²Զѩ庺ӡ
üʼնЦеģͷ·ѩķһ, ˾ò, ·, Ӧġ
š˹ȥ
ʵǰĻ, ʱȥ, ˵ЩʲôҲܲµ
ò˼ǣȫû뵽Լһ, û˵ս֮Ǳߵͽˡ
֮ǰǻ󣬿ʼʱǱ߻õ, ˺Ͳ, Щ鷳, һʣû, ͱ˸˹
ûмģⲢӰж, һǿĺڰħʦ
վŵǸþ֪, ԸӦڴ½ϻе, ֻǰûйע, ûа취׼ȷķһ
С㻥˽һº˵պãҲս֮Ǳߵģ»ǻʱ򣬾ͿһȾˣõľƿеԣǿҪŬ׬ˡҲС£Ͼս֮ǱߵĽտ쿪ʼˣΰĺڰħʦӦܺܿŪٽҰɣ
ǵȻˣͷİɡؽ
ô˵֮Ͼͻعͷʵʱоƣ
İɣõľһšС΢Цš
ŶԺú׬Ǯ
ؿС϶ӣ˵ͷ˵İɣΰĺڰħʦǿѩսʿԶѡ
Сĵͷ
һ߿ǳ鴤
һ˺ƵҫҪ˰ʲôܸɵóģ
½ϵˣʲô֣ûñ˵ġ
Ϊ˵ػ԰ҫΪҫǶںڰħʦ˵ˣɺͽƻҫǲԼ
еС⣬ҪôĻ̫ڰˡ
û£Щΰƻĺڰħʦ£Ժϻˣ˭ɵ飬˭ɵġС˵ţѺõĿš
ţ
ģ˵ͷ
ڿڰħʦĵһʱ䣬Ҫܵģ͸Ա߾ѩսʿţҲܲˣֻõսľĴ·ˡ
ѾطˣÿֻҪһطͶҪˣƫƫû취ߡ
ѩҲ֪ô£ǾǳʮһٱĽҲԸˣһҪˡ
ģϾôĵطûһĦǲܵģûҵ
ѩЩˣȫһ鿪ˣĻصѩսʿǲܵģûɣǱ߾ͲˣֻѩԱ˺õڶɻ
ʱ͵죬ûˣŵİˡ
뿪Ǽ˵֮²Ķ˵磬ѩôкڰħʦ
Ļ˵꣬ͼĸһת˹ŵõͽ
ѩսʿĪģûΣհ
֮һǸŮ˸ովһֱˣһǶģҪѩ岿䣬͸ɵˡ
ãҲϳȥˣͲһˡ
˵ѩߺһȥģǸڻСˣȻֻкڰͺڰİ
õĺС֮󣬼š
Ӧÿ˰ɣս֮ǣһȤõ
ţˡ˵ţǰͳһͦεĺڷ꣬ţ˺ܿͳˡ
ߺСҲûţ˰ŹˣϾĲ˵ʳü޵ġ
СһҲ֪˭пգ㡣˵ȥɣƢã͹ִġ
֣СһźǸʱŸոմ׶߳°ԼԵġ
Ǿ鷳һˡС˵
ȻŸ߹ţҲΪˣëе࣬ɹȥҪθڵģȻҲܡ
ϴʱͦĵģߵʱҲ˲ٵزǿ״̬СҲܱ֤ǻ
˵ҪǲޣʲôνĻҲû߹ˣСǺġ
¾ͷ¹ˣѩȥɭֻжξģҲûڲԷǴŸˡ
󣬹ɭֵľսʿ¡
ǱˡһѲߵĹսʿ˵
˭
ҿ
ѩġ˵Ĺ˵㣬˵ûѩսʿ
ˡ
Ҳˣˡһսʿ˵
Ȼ˵䣬ǰ׵ԽԽܿģܵǵǰѲ߶ӳȥʵѩѣôɭˣ
±˵ȥѩذæӵģǵʳˡ
ȵȣҴȥǵĳϡ˵ţʹˡ
鳤µĻĬһѩıӵûʲôǻͦģ
û˵ĿתһȦߵľǣĿƵĿ˵ħʦˣսʿҲһڴѣ
ȻǾ͹ȥɡ˵꣬ߵĹǾһԾԾˡ
Уд˶ѩĿӦǶѩʳĿ
鳤ϲǲ֪ľǶѩʳжôϲ˵ˣԼϴδѩ岿ԺҲкþõʱ䣬ʲôˣȫѩصʳ
ֻǹ鳤û뵽һĹ鿪ʼӴԺǿƲսˣǴֲ
һֲҪִĻҪܶʱģֻǷѿĻôʱͿջˡ
߲ҪǴ͹ҲǲʵģСѿ档
ѿȻù󣬵ʵܼ򵥣Ҫʱ̣ܶɱҲܵ͵ġ
춹̶ƶڶЩմɻˮܹˣֻҪ¶Ȳ࣬ǵˮˡ
СϲľǷĲ磬ҸӣֽݺõĿĲӷȥÿǵˮһʱͷѿջˣؼջرۣرóԡ
ҿĲеѿ˶ûˮˣ̫øʺѩսʿˣôʧܡ
ˣڹ֮ǰС滮ܴѿӣרˮѿˡ
ͲĻ㣬ֱӴӽԼĻʡºܶˣĲ˵ɱСõĲ·ϻˡ
ڷּӵĻСֱӽ˵ؾģǼ򵥵飬ûʲôʧܵĿܡ
ȳѿû֮СлֲӺ͹⾫æ飬߾ͱһĿ޲ˡ
أǺòҵһˡ

165 ׼

ݾƵǱʱѾΧ˺ܶˡ
ʱ·ѩ廹ð, ȫͣ˵߼˿յϵϡ
ССʲôüͷЩˣ˰ͷ, ˹ȥ
Сһ, ĳҲæԼ˳, һĳȺ档
ǰ˵ѩʱ, һŵ, ôܵѩ
ûãڲеˡ
Ҫǻ˵ûĻĶֱǰˡ
ƾֻɵļΧ, ȥ
Χ̫ˣȫΧһ𣬳漷˵㹦, , һƿʱ, ߻Ȼʡ
վмյصģ
Ϥ, ǰСܰ
ĵģڶǵһ, һ, Ȼ˹, ǽǣ
Щˡ
һ, µĵˣûмǿڻСһһ죬ǻ㹻ǿǿġ
Ⱥм䣬ֻ޵ñʹڲӣʱ˻ţɳһĶԶϢһ£̫ˣǶ֪ʲôȥˣҲǣ춼ڶӣֻҪеطסгԵľͿˡ
һһСӣʱѾ޼ҿɹˣûеطȥֻҪһǵĵط
£ĿΧȺСǶӦܵİȴҪˣȥģҲûһ̵ˡ
С˵꣬Ա߳һģһĳСѩ޵ԣ̫ˣǾǸС̰ȻסĵطûУҲûʳ
ðǾˣһ߰ҲΪ淢ʱ
ǺܿͻعˣǺСģҪǼܵ飬񡭡
ʱѾвٵðڴעˣҪ۷ĴðųԱϾðҲһӦΪ˵ˣֵܲԸֿ
̫ˣȻǸð߰ɣųҿ԰󡣡һϳ˽׳˵
ҪģұǸҿ϶Ǻöˡһſ׵˵
ҾҿԣȻһħʦǮȫ԰󡣡
һ޵Ů˵˵⻰ʱ򣬻Աߵˣһںӣһ֪ʵǿ
ҡ
ߡ
ðűȽϺá
ҵųϾˣǡ
ϲĽԼߵƣ˶Ҫȥ
СͳСѩЩˣеıô棬ǿ˿ѩˣûһ˵Ҫǰ
Ϊʲô
ǶѾѩ˰
ֲֻ
СĿеĿȺеѩսʿһؼҵģ֪ô£ÿĿѩսʿĿ˻ȥ֣ѩսʿѾˣߡˣ
⵽ʲô
Ϊ½ǿ֮һûĸСǳȥģǶˣȻգ
ڳСɻʱ򣬶߾һ˿ϸ΢
֪Զ˵ļѩսʿ˵
ոˡ
ҲǣôãһΪҪԷء
ɲУҲþˣС̫ܳˣˡ
Сһ㵵ĿǵӰԽԽԶ
ŸոյĻڻع󣬳СϾʹսپˣʵǵ͹ѩսʿǵٶȡ
ûץסĸѩңոЩȥɵļһǣ;Ȼˡ
ǵġ
ˣ
ȵȡСʵ̲סˣæҪǰ
ƫƫ˵ЩѩսʿܵøˣһǰģһֵڲԷɣ
вУܣҵǡ
С
Сѩ
ðǵҪǰӻȥǻûжͼոյѾߵȥˡ
һŭˣѩǲճ԰׷ģ
ȳưͽ߷֮űߵԶĵطȥʱͻȻĿһ٣Ⱥпһˡ
㣡
Ϸŭı˲ˣκܿתΪŭˣţǰͲòðߵĻ˵ˣҪͲᱻˡ
ͺ
֮ǰԼѾܾһģǻ͵͵ĸ˹ǣȻѩ岿ңҪ׳԰׺ȣ
ֱˡ
ûô߹Ŷѩ岿׬Ǯ𣿾ƾҲ׳԰׺Ȱס
һ˲䣬˺ܶ飬Ķ˵ˣҪҪǰĲļһߡ
ҪǱѩĻǺܷĵģҪѩ岿䣬ֱΣߵĻͲһˡ
ǳڿС΢ȤĿ֮ľ͸ˣȥ˵Ѿˣٲбˣ
ͬʱɻųƵĻʱ;סˡ
⡢ⲻСӦøɵ飡Се
СѩʱҲعˣֵĿųƣ˵ǲͬģСһûǰ;ģ
С㣺
˺þãʵ̲סЩһҪ֮󣬰ѩҲһͰ
ߣСɫѿٲߵĻҲ֪Ҫʲôˡ
ƿСȽѵһһģȻˡ
һ̣Ǻܺڵġ
֮ǰԼӣԼ̫ߵˣȻҲһӦ̫ˣҪǵʱʱעĻھԲܷ顣
òҲ֪ˣһ֮ǰ˵Ҫߵʱðˮļһ͸ˣȻһ·صѩ岿䡣
̫ˡ
Χ۵ԽԽˣټСˣоٺޣҲܾôһԭȥ
Ӳļһ΢ЦС˵ġ
СͳСѩߵģڣѾûѩˣǻ࿴һۣҲֻøѩСˣôԷҲǸѩ尡СС˵㣬ܱëûҪǿ
ҾСƴ綼˵ҪˣҲû˼Ǿ͸ȥ
ʱû뵽ٳʱ򣬾ͲǸŰ׳԰׺ȰסͷĻˣǱ˼ǿܹĳˡ
ת䣬һʱ䡣

166 ̴

СĳСͳСѩͷЩ̵, ţҪô˵ѩС˵Ȼѩ塣
ߣĿһɨ֪쵰Щʲô, ƲƲ, Ϊתߡ
ǵһҪúñ, ȡʱ, Ǿ, ٺ١СڳСѩС˵
СѩͬѹɤʵҪǲͬô죿
ôܣİ㿴, ƲǶҲǾӢĺӰ
Сѩ룬˵ûǻ˫, ȱˡ
С˵⻰ʱ, иӵİ, ȻڻûǺܿ, Ǿͻˡ
Ǻǡ
ƿһھͰǶˡ
С, ʲô, һƯƬ֤, ֻҪ, һ룬Լڻᱻһ𶪻ȥġ
СͳСѩ֪ǲµģ˶һĳҲϣϾԼ͵͵Ҳġ
ȵ˵ط֮С˵һˮ֮˵Ҫ
룡
У
ֲͬͬʱС㿴˿ƣ˵û£ͬ壬ϣǻῼø߹ġ
Ʊܼı飬СĻ֮Щˡ
ϰ
Ȼǿͬɣ϶Ҳûܻӭġ
ĵСһۣĺˣЦɵһ
СʱѾתͷСˡ
ǺģԲ¡Сæ˵
ûǻɳΪǿľӢСѩűʾǷǳֵͶʡ
С⻰ÿ˼Ц⣬ЩҪĻҪġ
û⣬ʲôʱ򶼿С˵⻰ʱͻȻûСĿⶼЩˡ
ôӣѵǵѩ֮󱻺óԺúȵ
ʱͻȻ˳ƣתͷƵĿⶼùŹ
ʲôƷ²豭ȫĿ񣬡ѵǻ׳԰׺Ȱס𣿡
ӣСѩҲʶ˲ԾųƵĿҲùֹˣּ𾪵ģ·ͶĲš
ѡѵ
ûҪҪģûǱǸƯķӣԼָǵģǸǸ㿴ȥһƬȫҲģ
˵⻰ʱʶͦţǱ飬ȥǽˣΪҵĹܳڻܴԺѩߵĶ壡
ССѩ⻰ʱã۶Ҫˣһܴӡ
һӵģҲ֪Ӧ˵С̻Ҫ飬ָǸͽȻͬô׵飬ӦʹΪǿ
ô
һ㶼Ǹ߹ѵӦñú
С仯̫ˣܺúõϢ･͸Щίһ߿ⲻǺӦ飡
ߣ
ѵһֱ˵Ҫ¾£Ҫ߾ߣѩһ͹ˡ
С
Сѩ
ֻҪۡ
С΢Цţû˵
ѾˣѵѩضӢ̲
Щ
ʵǻԿǿǵġС˵
ţֻҪҪǹ͡ðɣֻҪһ㹤ǿԽܵġ Сѩȡ˵
ǿԺúÿһµģѩкܶʵĶӶ½ģȥƯסҲǺܷģÿ涼װˮڼˮã滹з̫ܷʽʱÿ˼ҶҪϣʱˮˡȻˣħ߻кܶóԵġ
лǼ㡢ȫɰ͡Ѽ׳աȻ㡢⡢ֿζɹɿƬܺóŶһֱùǰæѰֲӴ
һΣҲȥŶʱʳԳԵĶ͸ˣˣʺ̳Եҵʳǹ̫ˣʽҪŪţС
С˵꣬Цеû˵ˡ
һȥѾܵ߸ǵˣֱȥ£ըѵûˣҲǿ󣬷ǰѾˣһڲҲǳ顣
ˣнҪеĻھͿȥʳԷŶȻʱͼˡ
Сѵ
СͳСѩ⻰࿴һۣԵģûС
ΪһǵȻûнϾûǮʱȥǱ߿ۿۻеģΪ˱棬ǹʱ򣬸ûҹġ
ң뵽ոѩ˵ЩʳЩǳԹģСѩѵһ¿ˮò˵ĺܺó԰ˡ
ǡ
ûǮ
ţҪҪȥʳſڴƭƭȵʱ򣬶ߴһߣҪʳĻҸұ֤µ·ͱ˸߷ˡ
ССѩ֡
ڵѾ˵߷ɾ߷ɡ
뵽ǰǱ߷ɵӣСʱϨ˸ոյͷ
ҪǣûԵҪٱ߷һأ̫ˣ̫ˣ
ԼɣϻȥûطסûԣҪȥҰԼħమ˵
һѾûаˣβԼʼ
ǡǺú롭С˵
ڳ˵ģһ㶼ģ֮ǰԼôóԵģôôɵľͻȥҸ㲻ãߵ·пܱ˸ˡ
ҪĻɲѪ𣿶ûгԵȥ·ϻԼһûԼһȥǾĳˡ
СͳСѩһС˵ţۡ
СЦеûдš
ĻǻʲôѡʱѾ֪ˡ
˵ڽ跿ǺܺˣһӾܹܶʯͷǵǿܹо׼иԼ˽ʲôġ
СѾˣѩٽմɳʱһЩС򹤾ˣһ׬Ǯ
ҸĻǴͻϢմ̫ˣÿ
մɵĻ˵ֻҪʳˮ粧롢衢̡ޡƿȡ
СشӽȥһֲƷǲյһ֣Ͼǹ壬СҲǹЩǮĹÿһպʻա
մճɺвʻģɫװ䣬˵Ǽ򵥵ġ
ˣεĸҲˣԺһЩƲ裬㣬ϲġ
ûСȥǱߵСԼˡ
ǿ߹ģҪסһ𡣡С˵
ϲסһˡСѩС˵
ھһ˼ջǵͷ­Ȼˣǹɡ
ˣأ
ϾһԶţ
⻰ʱɫˣ⣬Ҫˣ
ͬʱѩ岿仹ԶĵطССˮССǣ˵Ӧˣǰ죬ѩˡ
ޣСͳСѩ̫ˣȻûнǣ
ԶԶԣ

167 һ

û취ģֻðѳСͳСѩֵܸؼˡ
ԶԲԵ, ٿߵ, ľǰֵܵȥˡ
ǲУѾûûյˡ
̾һ, ջǴצӡ
ǿȥİ취ܾ, ﹤ÿడС˵
۵ϴŵյı仯̫, Щ, Ȱѹ̸֮, εĸо
Ǵѩŵ, ôء
˳СĻ, СѩͻȻǲһҪ߸ɻġ
Ҿãǻбİ취, ΪʲôһҪأҲû°
ʲô취СȷӦʵ
ƲƲ, Ҫа취ܹ, ȥʳóԶȥ˺ðɡ
㿴, ûн, ǱаСѩͦصص
ûСͻȻ뵽һ, ʱ۾ˡ
ʲôЩʵ
ǿñ˰ѽҸǰ, ǾͲȥɻˡСѩõص
һ, ʱмֺ, 룬Ҫǰ׵õĽңҲⰡȫһ𷢲ơ
˵
ǿģֻҪҵԸǽҵ˾ͺˣȻǾͰѽҸˣϾͷкܶͷʹǻС̣ȻиԸ
Сѩ˵ȻԵõĿܣȻ˵ϾǿС̰϶кܶԸƭֻҪĵͷ˵
û˵ǻƭܾãѾעˣкܶɵϿƭǿƭģҪǣ֪ǮСǳ˵
Ƶ˵ͷ͵Ŀ⿴ֵܣܺã˵˵ҪôûʱˣھͿʼ
Ĳ˵ڣҲкܶҪɵģҪٲʼҪȥϰˡ
õ˴ֵܴͬʱĵ⣬ͬƭ
Ʋһˤˡ
ʲô
ŵʵԼ˵Ĵ
Сæס˳ƣֺõģѾע⵽ˣЩǮȥԼʳģôĻҲǺܼ򵥵ġ
ûҲܸԵģ˻ʱҾע⵽ˣǸǸʲô̫ˣŵϵζˡСѩЩ˵
վ֮󣬲ɫԶһЩһ
ϵûʲô飬ĵȴǰţҪȥٱأǵȥʱٴȥץܵõĽ
룬ƻǰͷˣҪǾٱĻ˳Ҳ۵Լɣ
ôģһôˣԺѩЩһ￴ԼĿŶҪһˡ
һ̣Ǻ޲ѩضһЩģͿԹȥٱýˣõıһˮˡ
ˣˣôѾǳˣʱһһʲôгᣬʵطܶˡ
˵ѩǷǡƶĽ޾Բܻʲôʲôʲôʲô
ǾԲͬ۵ģЩݶ͵飬ƣ
ҪԲõΣˣǵ˼½裬ȷļֵΪָܹΣ̵
У˵
ΪʲôСѩЦ𽥽Ӳʵ
ͶȡΥҼ͵飬ǲģ
˵úǼһأСŵЦݶסˣųƺȻܴԼƭİһԳɹġ
ԶԶԣ˾֪ˣһԵġСѩæ˵
ƳĿζĿ
϶֪ܳɹ鰡
ôɣɹƭѩսʿ㻨Ǯ󣬲ûˣȻôʵʵΪ֣ѩϣֻйܹúã
뵽³Щסţݺݵĵ˵˲УǲУҪǸƭˣ
Ϊ˵̫ˣСͳСѩһͽȻ˸ûˡ
Ȼһ͡
ڳΪһҪ湤ʱСѩ˵ȥƭð߰ɣҹ۲ˣߵðҲǮ
Сͷ
ƣ
ðҲƭͱ˴ѩսʿץˣȻ˺Щ죬ʱû
ǻðˣðˮƺɸֵĿųСͳСѩҪǸô͸ҸһʹĽ˼
ûȳƱһͻȻģ߾ͺˣ̧ͷһպѹѹģһ룬͸±һһģȫ
ƺͳСС⧲ģֱӾͱѹ˵¡

峤Բڶûзŵˣɻ̧ͷ˵
ǲӦû£ضѲսʿѾȥˡСûһµļԲ
Ͽû٣ʳûģСŴ׷ȫԲˣ͸Լ˼Ӹ͡
εԲú֥顢͡ɰΪԭϵģҲ򵥣Ѻ֥ĥƳɷĩ״Ȼ͡ɰ̷ڣŴ׷۴ԲξͿˣ󣬳ɿڣзȤ
Ϊ˲Щ˷ˣüԲȫСһģħļӳ֣ٶȻǿˡ
óԡ
𣬺һ
̫óˣϲ
Сһģҡβ͵ͷţӾ֪ˣϵϢҸöðˡ
СЦЦԼ룬ȥ˵ԲѩսʿҪԡ
ԲѩƽʱǺܹԵĶģһҲǸջһˡ
ԲڹֳָպиսʿˣСֱӰӸ
㣬ģŵˡѩսʿ˷ܵЦš
Ҳŵˣ㣬ġһѩսʿ˵ţеζ
ô󣬵ڶγˣ;úҸǰĻӣǺܳԵǵģ˵ôζĶˡ
ǵǣһعѩصսʿˣûһԼԳԵǵģ˵ģȻ֪ʲôǣǣܾúÿİ
ҪǲС̶зݣҪ͵͵ȥǳˡ
ǿ㰡ǳ꣬һҲڳԵѩսʿȤ˵꣬Ҹ۾Ȼڻζղˡ
ѾڳˣʲôζŶӵѩսʿʵͺôˣܳһҪռ˵ġ
óԣ𣬳ͺͷһϵѩսʿ̲ס¶һõЦݣ̫óˡ
ǰǰҳԹˣܺóԣܺóԡ
ġһѩսʿԼԲǿȻȹԲԼ̲סҧһˡ
ģ
ĺܺóԡ
Ѿڳ˵ѩսʿǷ׷˵ԼĻǵԺʵȥôʣÿϲ֮飬·Ҫһ㡣
һ룬ҾãѾڳˣŶӵѩſζһ˵š
ԲۣˣԭĻ
Ѿڳ˵ĻǼ巴Ӧ˹һʹļҲݣ
Сǣͬš
һЦ

168 

ιۡ
û
ǲǳˣ
, ѹͷˡ
, ѪԵģ϶ֱӵط
һӰӴ, ͼԶðǹ, һɫһ䣬ʱͿ޵úô, ̫, ̫ˣ
һ⻰, ֹͣ, ࿴һ, Ժޣᣬʵǿ޲Ҳһģ
, Ǻòҵˡ
ûʳ, Ѿ˺ЩˡһͰ͵˵ŲҾ徵ľ
ҵĽŽŻ, ֪Ϊʲôʹ໣
ǻħ, ˺ܾòܳЩɺ޵ħһֱ׷, ˺ܾò˦ǡСۿ, û, ӨỨ͵
ԱߵСҲ޵һһ, ߿޻߸һСֵı, ǰǶҪǿһ־
ȻѣһԵģǡ໣ʵ̫ˡ
̫ˣǾǸС̰ûеطסҲûʳСɴ۾ᣬһȫǺǳı顣
£ûеطϢ
ɫǿԼǿ޼ҿɹģʯĳ˶Ҫͬˡ
Ѿ˿ʼɣǲʲô飬ȻΪδأ
ǰѾˣộ˼Լۣ
ǣ
ǵǰкЩ̼ڿյϣһ֪ǽȽɵġ
ֱ̫ˡ
Ƕ˽⣬ÿһ̶ǺѵõģͻȻðôࡣ
ؼǣÿһ޼ҿɹˣֻҪǶͣ˵ܹջһˡ
룬ǰộߵҲ࣬ǺܴԡӵһԼģ
ӣðǵĶԾˡ
ǿǵĿ⣬Ũҵú޲þֱ߰ˡ
ɣţһðߴ󺺲ƴֵ
߿ԣгԵģסģĺû飡һħʦʾ˵
ǵģƭðǳĺġ˦ųβ͵˵
ʵǿǱˣֱˡŻս׵Ů˵
֤߱ģҪĶǶУ
ҲһģڲǺ߰ɣܹͬúá
кܶˣǸǹõģС̻Ҫչ˵ġ
ޣôˣҲѩزūȻһѹͷ׵ʵ̫ˣǻǸ߰ɡ
ģûѡһ˵ҷǳĬѡȫҪ
СǣȺ濴ֿ֣Ȼûһѩսʿŵ˺Ũѩζ
С۾ﱥŸӣգգۣðߵĿֱˣûѩ𣿡
ڰ͵Ѳ߶ӳԱǣͻȻ˶壬ЩҪѩʲô
ϵѩսʿǲ׳԰׺Ȱסģ
ڵ·ڵѩսʿǰ治Ǿ
ǽǵѩսʿⲻУһҪͻȥ̫ܳˣѩᱻԹġ
ѩսʿǻһ֮תͷѲ߶Ӷӳ˼ȷˣѩǾԲ̵ģ
Ѳ߶ӶӳݺݵĵͷԣûԲ̣һҪúõ˵˵
̫ˣ˵ѩͬģҲǣһȺûõС̰Сͷɥ˵ţСβ޾ɵڵϡ
ǰ̫ˡСЩԱţԾһߡ
Ǻͬһ𰡡
ɫСǻ۵ˮ汻ѹýʵʵǿҪѪˡ
ƫƫôţ
ûϵģǣһҵͬ塣
õģС̾Ӧڼúˣ
߰ɣͳǽȥҡ
ΧðСĻ鸴ӵ˼㣬ѵǾûз֣Щ֮ǰ
ۿѹȥҪѪˣʹ˻ֱһĴطȥˡ
໡
һĲҽֻһ֪Ϊ죬Ȼ˵ϣľ壬ȥǳĲԾ
ȥ鿴ͻȻ׷װվˡ
ҹƴţӡĴӵѹϵĳСͳСѩ˿Ѿκڵˡ
Ҳûȥܣɴ۾ҪЩ쵰ǣ
ѹڵ£ܴ裡
̫ˣ
Ǻ˵˵
СͳСѩҲӵԹǺòײѩأòײŰȵˣҪúøɴţЩͳˡ
ѩؾӦģЩƻǣȻҪԣ
ǣЩ쵰ǣȻѪԵֱӶˣǸѹ˵¡
ͺ
ֵܻ࿴һۣû˵ֱӾץžԼ׺ݵļƣһ֪ûٴܵġ
̫ˣǶǿ㰡ԣովǲǵġƱóСͳСѩ̫ˣͻȻã̫ˡ
Ҫѩ岿»ᱻץҪԼˣúõıһЩ
Ҵ㡣
̫ˣ
ɶ찡
Ҳǹģ֣֣
ܿʹһˣԱߵҲǲҲǣðǸˣȵȰô˵˵˭˭ٴ
ιιι˰ٴҾĴˡң϶ҡСˮŲϵ
ǷģҾ㿹ᣡ
໣ҪģҲŹġһˮûãͱʹˡ
㺦ңңתȥһߡСˣСһ㶼
СѩΪ˫֮һȻҲʲôȭȭ⣬Сģϴ
ʵû׺ʵ
ʵˣ֪ˣҲˡСվԭأǱ׵ģȥò
ſڵϵСˮίίĳСµĴӵո㶼ҪΪԼҪ˵ġ
Ҳ֪ˣԺ󶼲ˡ
ôţСˮҲû˼űĵطֻö׵Ȧվˣֵ൱ʵ
Сʵͺ峤һˣϾߵĶʵ̫ˣһϾۼðǣ·ˡ
ۼѾԼڲˣС˵ˣ㴦ɡ
ǻ࿴ۣŴ޹Ĵ۾
ѸٵģЩ˾룬ңûУץǣ
ָŵһ𾪣
ͻȻģǺͽĺˣ׵ľ鰡

169 

ΪʲôΪһ, ǾȻҪСȲˡ
С㿴һ, ˵ڽֵܷ޹ɽֵӵ·
ʱ, Ѳսʿȫˣ۾Ŀǡ
СͳСѩ, ǲŹѾԼ, û, ͱ˷
Ϊ֮ܵ, СͳСѩۿ΢Щˡ
ǲԡ
ǻ
ͬķϵ, ȻСյľǱ, һæ㿪
ҵˣдһ졣
û, ʮʹӿ, ڵĳǹȥ, Ӿ֪òᡣ
Сһ֪²ˣһ, ʪа۾ų, ޹С, Щ顣
ں۾˻ֺ̿, ˭˵һ, ͻǸŵһ
һʱ, ǶĬ˲٣С̣ܾٽѵĻ̫ˡ
ôСӰ
ǺƣгСͳСѩǺǳʲô⣬ϣ˻ǺܶģǻֻСûʲô£Ҫǳô찡
С˵ţ۾˶СĹģǲĿǳ°
ûǶǺû飬ӦҪһġôǶǵġȻǻҸˣǰǵġСˮй˵
Сצצŵķǰɻֺ̿£Ǻѣ
С
Сѩ
ĺѡ
ۿǣߵĿԽԽԾˡ
СҲ죬ſצӣסСˮûһֱǺѣϲˡ
Һ͸һϲ㣬ǺѡСѩ˵
ҡ
һһϧĸжģ
Ȼǻ㲻֪ˡڷĳ˵
ǵģǵģ֪ˡҶǺѣǷǳС˵ģᶼҪˡ
ǿһĻ˵ͷůůġ
С۰Ͱ͵Ŀţִֵҧ촽ί͸żǿСĿ۳ֱӾͳųǳ˹ȥȻסһ췢ӵĴȣͷ
СģһӾϨ˺췢ϵŭһҲˡ
ƾ㵵ĿЩǣ׷׳Լҵĳȥ쾪ˣͿ
һ룬ס˸С̵ĳǣʱˡһһ̣ǱŸԵС̣žľһٴƨɡ
˵ûʲôǴһٲԵģУǾʹ١
֪˸ƨǾǷģһûע⣬ôԶˣ
𣿻ôһܣ
ʲôأôúƵôõӿⶼûԾ׷ˡ
Դƭǣ
ð߶򲻹ܳ㵱үү𣿡
ǵӷˣʲô˵ܳˣǲұһ¿̣
ֵģһߴһ
أ֪ˣ֪ˡ
໣ֻǸģûʲô顣
ʹʹſң֪
໣ٴˣٴƨɾҪˡ

ջ֮ǰľȣûҪôŶԡ
ΧðǸˣѵԼҵС̣Ҳ̫򵥴ֱ˰ɡ
ڳžһٴ֮Īתˣ¹ڳվԭأͺûзʲôһ
СЦе˵λѲ߶ӳлҪ˵ϣǿ˽һ²ķƶȡ
ʲôˬĳȻ֣˲١
ġѲ߶ӶӳݸǰһָΥĵطȻл˿ЩˣܴЩҵС̻ȥˡ
ڷѲ߶ӶӳĻٿʱɫࡣ
СֱԾæһֱЦе˵磬ǿԼ򹤻Ǯģøǽҡ
СѩͬǿĵͷԣûǿԼ򹤻ǮģѾҺùˡ
СǿֵܣٿֳΨһûбС̣æҲҧ˵Ҳҵģģһҵģ
졣
ڷüִȻѩ峤
ԡ峤ʵ̫˽Щʲôëˣ˿ڣֱӾܾˣѩ岻ӿġ
˼ȷˣҪʷܵˣСҪȫˡ
СĬĬĿţز˵ˡ
˼ѾˣѩսʿǻǮҪġ
ڷ峤׵ĻüͷȻǲԸôġ
ôǿԿʼ𣿡Ѳ߶Ӷӳʵ
ȵȡµ˹峤˵ʲô
һָָľǳСͳСѩһ˫̥
ôԼСͳСѩҪܳˣҪ֪һֱãǸѪ磬֪ң
ȻֵģȻֵܰġ
ԭһֱǴ簡
Сжġ
ǻ߰æմɳҪ˹ӵĻ԰סĻһ£԰ס¡С˵
ôһأʵ
Ը蹤ʡС㵭ش
ˣ߰ɣһҹýҡ˵꣬ľ׼ˣȫں˵ĵܵǡ
С
Сѩ
ȥֵ̤飡
⻰ʱҲˣ¶Цݣ͸Ż죬ûǼҵҲˣʱұǣһյġ

Ҳһ⣬Ҽʵ̫ˣǣҷģ
ЩСǾ鷳ˣǺûĺѡ
ûϵģŶ೤ʱ䶼û⣬ǿһһաȿȣЩС̣һ㶼鷳ģǷĺˣǺܷĵġ
ˣ²ÿˣͬ⣬ôˣھͿԴˣ˷һһʱ䣬̫ˡ
ˣһüǸûܵĹڶҲ˯ˣ̫˷ˡ
ǾͷˣǺܷĵģˣҲǼʶٴߺˡ
һһ󷽣СǼ̬ˡ
Ը϶ǲԸġ
ǹʱȫһ

СôģҲû취ıµľ
Ϊʵôԡ
ȻǿȥһĶܸжӣĲҶˣϾƨɻš
۾оԼˡ
Ҫ뵽ĻЩҾͶ˰໣ۣ
СǲŵĿķչСãںޡ
˵õİ׳԰׺Ȱסء

170 б㳢

ʱĲЩ
ôһת۵Ĺ, ͱ, ʵ̫
̫ˣ
С޵Ŀţȴֹ
Сˮ͹, ֱҳһ֮۵ֱ, ƨɣǼֱǲܿˡ
СԼʹƨ, ò˰, û취, ֻһС, û취ɹѾڵ÷ֳˡ
С·˳, Сצʱʱĵطһί, ҪԼˡ
ҾòСһŤһŤ˹ȥ, ͼΪԼȡ, ɲԼ߸ɻҸ˰
˵Ӧô죿
Ҿ, ǵĽҪԼ, , ΪʲôҪ﹤Сˡ
˵أڷЦһ, , , ˭úôܳģ
СǴЦʱ;һ˳ĽŵֱţĴ˸£Ҵˡ
ԡ
ڷջͶСĿ⣬ϡ
֪ˡһֻС̵ͷ˵
Ҳ֪ˡһֻСر˵
ҺܹԵġ
ģСǣ׷ȿֺźڷ꣬ϴһҪһˡ
šڷԴ΢ЦӦһ
һ̣СһȻǾãԼʵ̫ˡ
С
ķǵӡ
Щȡֵĳǡ
ۿﷺίỨҿ޳µһٶȥˣǾҪˡ
һʾţûϵֵǣǳģʱ򣬾Ͳñˡ
ţ
ڷЩС֮һͷͿС㡣
СЦúܲá
£ʵ
аѩĺѣǺòһˣǹѩ壬߱仯ܴˡ
СһĨЦ˴ݶš
ڷ꿴Ĭ˵ԡ
ѩ˺ܶ࣬Щ½ķӵģǱǸǾƵ꣬ˣСҲɣǸոģһ˽һ£Ժ֪·ôˡ
Сתͷ˵Ҫʲô⣬Ҳҵġ
áС۾һֵ˹ȥ
Ҳԣǳ治֪ʲôģСͳСѩûǶ֪٣ȻҲǸ˵ģֻг˼ĿС㡣
ȻûãЩǴĻСģ˳ſеζֱʳȥˡ
㰡
⵽ʲôζôĶ
磬ҪȥǱߡ
ζѾȷϹˣϲġСóε˵
ûŵôζǰһ㶼һ
СѩҲϣĿ⿴Ǳߣŵ˺öζÿһ֣ڴ
С̿ˮ ɵüӿ˽µĲӡ
Ҿãǿ߶࿴һսʿ˵
ѩı仯Ǻܴˣûϵǿ˵
֮ǰԼ˵Щ˵ѩʳܺóԣʱڣֻΪǿŵģڿӦмġ
ζǰŵе񣬲ǸˣûпɬζҲûнζ
ѩĴвսΪʲôʳһ겻սʿ˵
֪㣬ʲôζһսʿ˵
ԽԽ죬Ա߸ŵѩսʿˣǵֻǸɢζĵط
㰡
ʵ̫ˣ
Щǿ⣬ȽܻӭǼӴζкֵܶģÿһ⿾ģҲһ
С㿴ǵӣ˵ʷＦ⿾㣬õ⿾ۣкܶƷֵģҲ߲ˣˣߵСҲǲġ
𣿡һսʿտСһۣ˵㰡Ҵûŵ
ǽҪסĻݾƵĴ׼ˣˣԳǵ㣬ҶͦóԵģҪϲˮζҲԴȥߵĲˮܽġ
С㿴˿ǣ˵ˣӦûгԹߵĿɣ
ʱǿԵһֻȫ򣬴л̶ˮҲԴȥС̳һ
СĻǶԼеζòУ˵ЩǶûгԹ볢һ£׺òóԡ
ô𣿡սʿŽߵĵ̣һʱ䲻֪ȥļҺá
±ϵĻعΪ±õĵ÷ϵħһֱԽ±ԽСԽ±ԽڣøнζС㿴һۺ˵
ǱǸأ
С㿴˹ȥ˵ø߲ˡʳгɷ㴮״õǩЩƷһһ䷽ĹӹͿԳˡԵʱ򣬿԰Լϲ͵׵ȵȡ򷽱ðǵϲġ
ǣǸʲôһ˷ʵ
֭գǽãУһҪһ㣬һ
С˵ţָŹ˵ѡ÷ģʶ壬Ҳζзǳá
ǸǸ̫ˣʲôʵ
̣ܷ㣬ϲʲôԼʳķŽȥ
Ǹأ
ϲͷԱǼҵӼлϵħζ
˫ĿţȻҲϲ²ˡ
һսʿǱߵĵ棬üͷ˵Ǻ㣬ЩҲ̫˰ɣȻЩװ
ûЩ⣬Ҹոտ˺ܾãȥ֪ˣǸ߼⣬ûжģ̫ǵθˡ
Ҫǣȥ̫ˣֲʲôôô㣬ǲ˵жģ˵ǻþ
û˵ѩóʳﰡЩǰһ㶼һҿǳԹ˴½ȫʳûЩ
ҼǵҳԹóԵľøֵζڶѩϣʮĹ˹Ҫ֪˹ԵʳˣЩʳζǸ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôֽš
㡿ЩԼΪʳ֣ʱЩŭˣЩûԹ˵
ѩսʿЩЩʳȻģֻ˵ͨҲǴ
Ĳ˵ˣЩ̫˼±ӡ˿йȫڼͲһƷֵģкЩսʿ˺ܾõġ
տսʿڿʱ򣬻رĸÿһϸˢϽϣȣˢôľȺÿɲ˭ġ
ѩʳóԵġһѩսʿҲ̲վ˵
һӢ岻м˵ôܣҳԹôʳû˵ѩŵġ
б㳢
ͳ

171 տ

սʿǳԹٵʳ, δ˵, ѩкóԵʳģһֻóս, ʳѩˡ
ⲻĿǸѩսʿ, ˵ھͳԣҵҪ, жóԣ
ѩʳóԵģԣ˾֪ˣѩսʿ
ԾͳԣҾԳ峰־ָԱߵտ, ҪǣտǾһҡ
ʱ⻹кܶ˵, ǳЩŵı֮Ա, Щðһ֪û߹, ϶ûгԹôóԵʳ, ԲŻЩóԡ
ûʶ, ûϢ, һʳͰǸˡ
һ
ǰǮһտ
Сգ۾ĿԶ
ҾӦúܺó԰ɣ
֪, û˵׺òó԰漱
ȥ㰡, ĺ㡣
һȺСֹ, ȻһֻжرǿС̴Ӷ˳ȥ, ˳տζһ˹ȥ
ŨǻþһƻͣǱȥѩսʿˢϡ
֪ǵʲôϣر㣬ûŵζ
ǿҪõ⴮ǽƵ̼֬ϣͲ˵ˣǵȥһ˲ζ;ˡ
˱ǰ
Сѩսʿѿõһ棬Ȼݸ˱ˣóһš
תеĿʱʱԱߵƿϡ
ЩϵĿ⣬̼бøˡ
С̲סͷǱ̽̽һ
Ǽϵ⴮һֶصⱾζζŨ񣬱ָйɢŨϢԼζ
ðضģҲ֪òóԣǿӣӦǺóԵİɣ
Сţ͸оЩˣ̧ͷһԭСȫˡ붼ûģͳϵǮ档
ʱһߵĿѾҪˣЩرĺÿɫģȥرʳЩ⴮ûСȥһֵ̼ˣ̵죬ȻŨ˲ɢˡ
ؼζɢԺ󣬱ڿϵĸио
СſˮĿճյĶſ⡣
ⲻͲע⣬һˣҲƲĿ˰
Ҳûö٣ǱֻǺģȻԽԽˣҲ֪ʲôʱʼƲĿˡ
ϵĿ⣬ʱӵŨˡ
Ҫǲ֪ʲôʱ򣬻һ硣
ʱ
ֱˡ
Ҳ֪˭һˮ
ˡտѩսʿİĿݸǰС̡
ǸСûеȿһ㣬ֱϿҧһڣ̵ģС̶ĽĲˡ
̫óˣһҪԣСô˵ʱȲҧһڡ
ʵ̫ϲζˣóԵòˡ
𣿡СǶſѾ۲ܾˡ
ǲرóԣ
ʲôζģҲҧһڡ
Сһ߳һ߻ԼĿپ׽ʳ˵ɲУҵĿ
տѩսʿʱֿһտ
СͳСѩԼĿû˵Ͱصһҧȥˡ
óԣ̫óˡС˵
˵ûϲˣҾˣԺҪԣСѩзԼȷ۵ʱ򣬿ʱһ㶼ĵؿ佱ſжôôĺóԡ
⿾㣬㡣
СѩĸоûˣǾãܵѩ̫ˡ
СͳСԼСѩǳԵú㣬ĶʹǳԱˣǿԳԺܶģٶԵһ㶼̫ˡ
տѩսʿڿСҲϲ󣬻ϲЦЦļտţѩսʿҲһ㶼ʱģٴ
СǳԵúܻ֣ǿǵı飬ٿ֮ǰڳԣڻڳԵĳôЩ΢ˡ
ҲˣԡһսʿԱĺһ֮󣬾ͳȥտˡ
ȥˡ
ʱҲ̲סˣȫ嵽տ̯ϣ׷˿
ġ
ȸңѾǮˡ
ôǣҵʹǶҪҵģȸҰɡ
ЩСǣһ㶼ϰװӹһ㡣
㰡ңҡ
㣬ڲϵɢ強տ̯̯λǰÿ˶򵽣Ȼȳԡ
̫ˣ
˵ЩԵսʿˣԭЩзʱ򶼲˵ˣѾȫԼǰ˵Ļˣֻȳһ˵
̫ˣӲġ
ŵζǺԡ
Ҳʲôûмʶǡûа취ȥ԰
ոչʱ򻹺ãֻǾһ㡣
վһ֮ҪζȫλİǸΧˡǱӼ仹ͷ·ȫ˵ζ
̫ս־ˡ
ϵĹǣӺѣ͸˵þˣӶˡ
ʵûʲôڲٵڴڵĳʳǰ㡣
Ǵ֪Щͨͨ⣬Ҳ˾˵ζǳԵ͸ͣ
ǹԵģڳԵһտʱͱζζסˡ
ƫƫô˿ţûа취һȫԵ
װš
û뵽ûг꣬Ǿȫȥտˡ
ǸǮտģϾʱ仹ҪģûõտʱǰѿܶΧˡ
Χ۵ĵһԵտʱɫһ˲ͱˣȻͳһտ
ôó𣿡
ʲôζҸոտСǳӦúܺó԰
ô
һѵһǿһߺţƫƫǸԵտĳǲ˵ֻصĳţ˶Щжˡ
ڵڶҲܿ죬ԼĿˣǶˣһҲǣڳһڵʱɫˣȻĬĳŲ˵
֮Ҳˡ
ĸ

ֱʮʱһȻִŭЩ̫ƻˣ̫óˣóԵը
ɶ񰡣
̫ƻˣûǵġ
ֵǣȵȣȵпվǡšȳꡭǸսʿ˵⻰ʱ򣬻һֱš
Щ϶Ϊ˵ǾͲˣ̫ɶˣ
һʱ䣬ӵŭˣҷ˼ʱҲװˣͰķɿľ׽ţԵһܡ
Ǳ߳Ի߿ѩսʿķſ⣬ҪȡһʱôףǶ֪˺óԣû򵽵Ȼǲñ˼Լǰȥġ
ԵտǻãûԵտʱѾǿζüˣһ˫˫۾еĿſϵտ޲һӾֵԼ
óԣ̫óˣʣʾͲֵˣһҪ
ôôóԵĿ⣬ˣտһȥһҪ˵
û뵽̫ó˰ȫҵΣʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰ˵һЩ˵ѩʳóԵģҵʱֻΪЩ˱ƭˣû뵽ģɶ񰡣ûиôóԵġ
Ҳ˵ˣһΪС̱˸ƭˣŲ֪ģ˵ѩģҾˣҽһҪúõĳԸкܶĽңһɽ
ҪǶȫһԣС̣ˣԺǻᶨʱģԲ˵ġ
죬ŵζҾͲˣʵ̫ˡ
ۿ̬תô죬ѩսʿһĽ֮ǰĵðҲ뷨ġ
ڸȴտðõԼտ󣬿ЩòеսʿǣֻԼտôԶ㡣
Ȼе죬һ㶼⣬߿Ǳûеˣ߻ĳţ㣬㼫ˣƽʱóˡ
һԼĿ˸طţֺͶܿ죬ûһտȫ˶ӣŶӵˣ̫ˣ۾һת׼ȥȳˡ
Դ˵ߵó֮Ҳû뿪ѩˣ߲ó԰кöóԵģ
ȫ嶼ԵԼտ֮Ѿ֮ǰˣûл˵ˣԼĽȥĵˣ֮ǰѩսʿ˵ĻȻѾˣ۾ȫǳԳԳԣ
߰սʿǣ˿ҲѾû˵˼ԼĽң˭Ҳ˭ֱӾˣ˽ǮٵСǣҲû˼ˣǳԳԳԣļҳļҡ
ǺѾǸ˰һѩսʿ˵
ţǾͲˡ峤׿صĵ˵ͷȻߵһҿȥٵĵ꣬ͳԼĹʣҲˡ
С㣺
ѩսʿǣ

172 ջ

ЩһȥԴ֮, СҲû, Ǹսʿǵȥˡ
ǰСͷˣջˡ
ʱ», սʿѾȫؼ, ȥ洦ɼһٵæ
еսʿڳ, еսʿڽˮеսʿʩʣԶһЩսʿڿģûһпеġ
С㿴Ƭ, ˺ܶණСҲڸѩսʿڲժѾ˵Ҷ߲, ЩҶ߲˴Ҫ͵ʳǱȥ, ȻðϲǿЩʳ, Ϊѩζ, ҲųҶ߲˵ġ
ữεССǻӵŹ߻Ķ, ͹ͻȥ, еҪ͵Ķ̫ˣССҲˣһ㶼͵
Σ֮ػС, Ѿ󿴵óǵˣ͹⻪Ƥë, ǸҲǺܻ, ÿضǰ, ϧڵ
ЩСǺܿأܵö໶һСһѩսʿЦ˵
ţǺܿİ
СǵãǵһγԵԲʱеС̵סˣǵ֪ʶϵУȫ֪ʲôǣʲô
߰ɣǱȥС˵
ãЩ㶼úܷˣսʿѾˣһͿˡһսʿЦ
С˵
ԶĵطһӣС㵱ΧˮĵģȱȽϷ㣬Ȼˮסź㣬ֻѾǰģ˹ˡ
ֺԭ򣬲ֹѩսʿϲԣҲϲԣèҲϲԣðҲǳϲԽԽ١
ҲûʲôУ˳˱ץ߳ԵҲûʲô鷢
һôˣС˳ʵ
Ǳ߲̫ø㣬̫Ӳˣսʿÿػ۾ˣģצצˡ˵սʿЩЦ
ԶԶԣ컹ǴͷɥĻЦˣҲһɣȻҲܲˡ
ͦõˣԴǱ֮ҿöˡңȿȣڱмˣŲҪȥһء
ǰǿˣô󣬶֪ҪڵʲôʱǸڰħʦöʧ˲٣Ȼˣȥս֮ˡ
ԣһȥˣǱߴӮ˻нңÿ鰵嶼ҪǱһ֣еᡣҪҵĻȥǿأȥս֮Ǵ̫Ӳˡ
ԴСսʿ￪ĺ󣬾ҲûսʿΥҼ˽жˣµСССʱ򣬶ʶĹ
СЦЦ˵˭ǵģõģѧ˾ͺá
ƬطʷǳĲãӲҲûȥģҪѩصС㶼˷ѣȻӲɣҲǲãֲ˶ȫڳһĺŪ˹ֳ׬Ľҡ
Сߵ˿źĵ棬˵Ҳջˡ
Сѩսʿ⻰ЩãȻµʱ򣬾֪Ҫܳʱˣһֱĵչţȫû뵽ھͿջˡ
ˡС˵
ȫˣѩսʿһЦտϲüңϣȫ˵ֿȥ
ʳŵѩսʿǣκοԳԵĶǶĸģ˵ȥʳˡ
ߣ죬ǰѺڳ
˵ģģǾͲȥǳˡ
Ҳ֪ǿһɣڳˣǾкܶĺˡ
໡С̻Ľš
죬̫ɽǰǾͰǶ˵ֿ棬˵ˣҪǽˣЩССĺԸǿųԡ
һΪҪþãû뵽ھͿջˣڳ󲻴˺ܶϵģչ˺ܾá
ðʱǴҾһԺˣģð첻öˣҲ̱
ѹ˶ˣЩСǶѾȲˡ
һӵģʵ߲ѩսʿѩ˶ˣÿ˶Ŭźû͵СǶŬİڳĺ͵ֿ
ûãҵĶͷϾȫǺˮˣϸϸһǵЦȴôȥġ
ҪŬ
ԣ˵ˣͿԳըˡҶûгԹ໣ÿİһҸСˡ
໣пԣǺҸҸСˣǰûеġ
ҪźȥҼװ飡һѩսʿĸŻȫҸЦ
ðӦþкܶС̳ˣǲѾüûСˡ
ǰԲѩˣ͡ûð̫ˣءһ˳ߴź޵һͿ
໣㣡һС̻ͷ˵
໡
໡һȺСǸţȻᵽСʱǷǳĽģβͶҡˡ
СֺߵͽȻһ
Ҳ֪ǵһôʳʲôԭڳѩսʿǣͻȻ̲סˣǻ޵ĿԶС㣬ȫĸӸ顣
ôˣСڰһڳͻȻоԾˣ̫ˣ̧ͷȥ
̫ˡһѩսʿ˵̫ˣֱӾȥСԴˡ
ŶŶû£кܶԵأǻ̫ܳԽˣȻ컹ܹúõ㣬ĻǶ࿪ĵͺˣȥʱиʳˡСһһ˵
ͷźȫȻûע⵽ոջЦź˵սʿ۽ĬĬᣬĬĬĲȥȻЦ˵ǰԺԽԽõġ
԰ûʲôòʳġСͷ飬ĵ˵š
ǰڿɱǰöˡһѩսʿҵЦţУȫǶ
ţǻܺõġ峤ǲϵ۾棬ȫϲõĹâ
ǽͰѺջˣ˭û꣬˯
໣İɣһǵģ
Ҳᣡ
໣СҲðģ
˭˭ʱ˻ҪѵСڳһ𿾡
໣ĺСҲҪæ
ؼ䣬ѩսʿǻ࿪Ц潥ССȣĵźСС۾棬Ѿû˴ʱǶδãȻֲ֪ܻܲȥĿ־塣
໣á
ͺһ
СǱź࿴һۣӿ˱ܵٶȣҪɻҪɺܶĻȻǸĺ
Ϊ֮ǰ˲ٵĺ˼ʹ˶ȥںǻڵϡ
ÿһֻʱ򣬶۳һֻϻˣߵԼ߻ȥߵֱӾͱϻȥˡ
е۵öˣҲԸ˰ϻȥΪǻţܶʱҪѵЩСڳˡ
峤ҲǲԸȥһͱѩսʿĶһѩսʿǿǣñ˰С͵߿ˡ
ǵģʹովգ峤׻ǸСѩ峤ŲÿһʳÿһƬҶӣû˿ʳռıˡ
СȰԼȻȥ˯ˡ
ؼǣôĲ峤һˣвսʿҲôģǾҪڵñ͵һҶġ
ȻҶιɽġ
ϢɡС˵ֱۣԼȻȥˡ
ȥȥɣһС̣ҪϢ峤۵ֱſڵϣ˵Ϣ
šСӦһ֮󣬾ȥˣһأ̫ˡ
ҹů䣬΢⣬ʱʱѾˣһ·Сһ㶼į
СĸΧƣǵ۾ȴȻڵĺ
żģС㻹˵ŻǶ˵˵ţûˡ
ԶĲлŻ⣬߾ðʳֵĻЦ
Դѩ忪ʳԺðǶʳ־۲ͣǳֺܴ󷽣ÿζܶʳҲǮ˵Ҳ򣬹Ҳ
С֪ΪûϣߵľǱ·ӣн˵ûģԻǮƽϣûȥ˵ʲôǱ˵ѵδزá
˿ߵСǣոʱЩС̶òˣһĶֻйǼܺƤëˣСһΪҪˣû뵽ǶҲã
СǿҪʱ紵еֻһ˿ܿɢˣ΢΢ЦЦӿ˽Ų
Сͻȥ֮СŻصԼҵģֻûнݣͷԱվ˸ˡ
֮ǰǶڽӰСûпģϳ˺֮üչЦôˣ𣿡
еġԱϳһӣ˵㡣
ʲôСʵ
飬ϲ㣬ǰҲõð߻ģ˲䣬ǡл˵ţźÿȫ档
껹ûг죬Ѿڵˣڴ½ϱһֱǱѩأĺѩ򽻵
һֱŬĴţ񵱳峤һ
С㶣Цлл㰡һ峤˵ġ
ţлл㡣ɫ£עС㣬Ǿµüټķɣü۴ЦһָɾĹƻĵ

173 õ

С֮, ˣӰҹɫнģ, ֹΪ, Ǿ, 岻ôġ
ţ˽ȥ
ʱʵ̫ˣҪúõϢһ£ˣս֮ǱߵҪҪȥС
ϴ֮, СǰˣӴ˹ȥ, ԶĵطЩ⡣
С֪ѩսʿڿ
ջ˺֮, 滹һЩС, սʿѾ۵ò, ҪǿһԼҸС
ӣӦǿŸԼ˻, Ȼһˡ
С㵹ǲİȫģⷽ, ñ˭, ǷҪԺ, ЩЦˡ
Ȼô, С룬ϵͳңǱȽϺõģϵͳλǱ߿˵عϡ
ʵҪϻ߹ܹʲôҲǲģϵͳĿǰûпСҲˡ
ûжģСֱϵͳѵعӸ˳
عϣζ£ܻͨ㣬θ
ҪǵعϺн϶άأڳˮͨá
Щ߲˵ðҲƫʳϾ磬ǻǺѵõģһĶͦѵġ
֮⣬С㻹ǵЩŮԵ
عϺдǡʡάʡܲغάCԼưϸĿʡʳάԤءͬʱܼȡǼʵʳƷ֮һ
عӺܿʹλǱߣֱӵСϵͳռˣΪЩƷ඼ǼõģԻĵعӲ١
ףƷС㿴˿Ȼһ˵ĵعϱ˹
عϵ״Сͺ࣬Ƥǵƫף΢ƵƤǳףʵؿе
С֪ڵعϳ쵽ʱ򣬰ʱᷢһѿϡԿѿĺۼ
ûаعϳˣǴȥǡ
ҹɫУС˵عϣԶĻ⣬ǴŵЦ⣬ϲЩǣǵʱǰġ
һ統׶߳ԼüꤵģȴǰΪʳø
ĵҹɫ΢ʪ
Сص˴ȥ˯ˡ
ϵʱһС̵⴫
㣬ˣǿС㰡
໣úóԵġ
̫ˣҪٲǾͳ
ԶԶԣȥСҳ໣ϲ໡
С򿪴ȻͼһŰװ׾СԲǵ۾͸ֵɫ
㣬㣬ǸոտõġһСӵݸС㣬װǿõСԳٵˡ
С㿴һ۾֪ҵĺ붼ˣԼͳһгԵģЩȥ԰ɡ
ҲһԡһС̿С㣬˵СϺڴ
໣úóԡ
԰ɣǻҪȥСģе໡
СǷ׷˵ţͣСӹ룬˵ǵعϣȥСǷ˰ɡ
ǸƷعϵ˹ȥС̿ûмĶñţġ
ġС΢΢ЦЦ˵ȥɣȥ峤Ǿ
عӦ·ѮʱֲģǼƷ֣һļֲǶֵĻˡ
С˵꣬ǱСǵ۾ˣǷ׷ͦţǱ֤һ㣬˵Ҳȥ֣໣ǿԵġ
໣Ǻܰģġ
໡
ǻȥæ
šСЦЦСǻ˻֣ȥ
յĵعϷϣСǱƵģûСҲûöװˡ
غôó˼عϣȥ峤Ǳˡ
峤ûлȥӦҲڵģֱȥûãȻͿ峤ǱڵعϣڵϵĺѾˣǸˡ
峤캣һ飬һ˵عӣǰ°ɣ
С˵
عϣ
ţС̯Բ״ɫĵعӾͳ峤׵ǰ
˿ӣ˵ǳԵ𣿡
ǰģعϳȺɿڡˮ֣Ϊ֮Եˮԣŵ˳ԣǽʵĺʳСЦ˵
ǾְɣսʿѾȺܾˡ峤˵
С̧ͷһȻͼոջڵСսʿǶվˣǵϴЦһȲ˵ӡ
ڴ۾Се㲻˼˵˵ʱҶ̫ˡ
ʱ䣬ȻѩӺ˲٣ԶԶûеܵĵزȫѩսʿæµš
С̺ССǣҲֻһСʱ׶԰ȻҪȥġ
û¡
ǿԵġ
Ϊ˳Եģ
ѩսʿ˵⻰ʱȵģ·޵ľһ㡣
СЦЦ˵Ǿ˽һ°ɣعԲݱֲӷֳ
ӱƽԳʷΣΪغɫƤӲˮͿ͸룬ʷѿ
Ӹѩսʿǿ˿˵ֲһķ׶κڼ۹̻֣ΪһĴλԲεʸֲˣͬ־ۻϴĲȥγɼСʸ
С˵ú棬ѩսʿú棬峤׶ļŵعϵԡ
һߣҲĹš
ԴѩԺ󣬾ͱŹӵˣרŸֳ
һˮð˵ѾЩеĺ㶼뿪ˣǱԵˡ
ţ˵ˣĸţץץ͹ȥһļ¼ߵʵֻŵ֪ÿж͹ˡ
ϢҲûϢӱ֯ӣװõģЩ֯ķѩСǱѧġ
ΪѧĹϵǵĶܲȥЩеʱŪˣҪ²Ū
ӺӵιֱӾ˸طȥȻڰϿͷεա
ıôʣȥرϧڵʱ䡣
ãѩǱջ˺أиС̸ҳһڣر֪𣿾ֳ˾ͺÿĵġһСֵ̿ĺ͸˵Ż
ţ֪ġڰߵܵܵͷЦˡ
һϵ⣬ԼŵܵǻֵЦεĸо
ָо̫ˡ
õ֪Ӧôˡ
ǰǺεϵģǴˮףΪεϺܶʱζʱħްǸߣҧ
ܹɵɹ̫ȥûħ޻ͻȻ˺ǣҲûð߸ѩĵϰץߡ
̧ۿ˿ѩ⸽ǸǵķӣÿһƯʱѩսʿǼӰӵǵġ
ȻˣǮģǩǷʱǵˣΪĿǱȽϴģ˷ӣǻ˲ٵʡ
ҹǾͻطˡ
뵽̲סЦЦȻǿȥܽܵӣǶ֪ʵϣռ˼ҵı˵ġ
Ĳ˵ǰһˣвǮˣѩûôɣҪṩǵı
ԶĿ
Աߵóʳֵĳţò˵ѩʳĺóԵġ
֣ԼǱץߵĻǾͿ˵ĸоţһѵǷû˻ˡ
ðڵϣ˫ַԺ󣬿ԶպͰơ
Ǻܺã뿪ѩ壬áС˵
ŰԺסˣһֱסţҲˡһ˵Żжˡ
ǰǴӹǱܳģ峤ǣº͵ܵһġ
ǰڹǱߵģȲ
ЩķȻ󣬵ҲûѩסĺãǵãʱǳԷҪԼԼԱ߳衣
ľͷĳѾʹúܾˣ滹з˵ûϴɾ
ÿγԷʱ򣬹ܼҶóζŨصʳģʹ͹һأԵǺӲ˵ζŨ
óԵʳˣ֪ϾʱԵø⣬Ҳ֪ʲôʳ˷ǳʣԱŨĺúˣҲĺóˣڣѩʳãЩǸ
ԺһҪ취ˣ֪𣿡뵽ЩŤ˵
ţߵģϰҲߵġСּᶨ˵ţһһҪѩıռ׵ӡ
ǵģǾǾãڵ̫ռˣ̫֡
ܵܵͷ˵
곤ֵܵĻ¶˻ĵ΢Цʵϣе㶼ôģźǷֿһ·ûй
źܴĲͬӺ£ֵܸɾâʯ·߹·һһ
ԺСҲõˣҲöأˡһ̲ס¶һõЦݡ
ǰã˵СˣҲ뿪
Ժõġ

174 ֵ

ѵعӽսʿԺ, Сͻȥˣ֮ǰѾƻҪȥս֮ǣȻǲȥġ
ʱ˽ˣս֮ȻսΪ, Ǳߵǳ, Ҳ˵, ǳʺʳ
ǵõʱǱ߳Ե, ӲѳԣԾʹע⡣
İ취̫¿, űúܶľ񿾣Ȼ쿾¯ġ
ʱͨС۳ǺܶƤƶ, һγԲ꣬ʱ䳤ԺӲ, ҪƬԲС
Ϊʼصԭ, ̫ãù, ¿ڵĵطѡѡ, Ȼˣƽûѡ, ū͸˵ˡ
, ʹǼªս֮ǵͨũūҲûȨ, ʹùѵĳп, ѡ
ѩûⷽ, Ͼս壬껹ǿȥġ
ؾѾʳˣͲѩ͹ȥˣʱֻҪŻսʿǹȥͺá
ʱЩһƽ񣬰Ѽ˼ЩСѼսʿ
ЩӲֲóԵ͵ִɣڼ۸񲻱£Ҷѡõġ
СʳȥʱεС̸պðѶ˹
㣬ҲСС̶СЦЦ
һʹС̴ӿڴͳһСʳŵС˵԰ɣʳøģȥ
С㿴Сɣ֪ҪܶŻģɷŵڴ˵һ԰ɣ
ð
㣬
֪ܲʲôС㣬ĿлŽ
ѩҲʼ𣿡ԱߵðЦЦ˵
ҪоƾͺˣÿζǴԼƹȰһðߺһھƿЦ
ʱӦþоˡСһĨЦ
ǵ˰ǸðСĻԺ󣬶ʱ۾ˣ˿ȥˡ
ԶԶԣǧˡ
ѩʳôóԣƵĻҲһܱ
̫ˣϸ¾ͰѾƸˣֵҲһƿƫƫһ᲻뿪ѩء
ðǷ׷˵ԼѴȻ²ţʳõĳһ
С΢΢ЦЦ߽ʳúĳʱʵѾҪ緹ʱˣﲢôæֻΪЩð߳Է׼ʱһѩսʿġ
㣬˰ӵѩսʿЦ
Ű֮ǰͺõšС˵
ѾˣǶûв˵ѩսʿָָطʵҲܺ棬Ҫʲôģֻ̫ˣܹȥ
С˵ͷԼȥˡšֿ顢
죬ˡ
ôˣһѩսʿʵ
໣һȥ棬СԿ˵Сͷʾһ»ӵС̣ѩսʿǱ߿ȥȫСѾϴɾˣ档
ҵôࡣЦ˵
أС۾սʿ
ءǸѩսʿЦЦָʳõĳ˵
ʲô
֪ȥѾкһˣƿæˡѩսʿ˵ţͰһˡ
㣬㣬㡣
໣㣬ڸ
һȥɡ
໣Ҫ
һȺС̻ϲϲܽʳõĳȻɲס˽Ųʲôζ㡣
֪ûŵСͬĵͷ
໡
һ˫˫۾С㣬ȻĿƮðĵطǵȫǺ档
СͷСǹЩȣ˵ôˣ
һȥ˵ˣģܹȥˡ˵СңЩնԷٶ̫ˣ»أһҪС
໣ġ
սʿ˵ģ㡣׵С˹˲С㣬̲סһԲ塣
ðûҪܳȥģ߾ͿˣѺŵ棬¾ͿԳˡС˵
С⻰۾Ŀ˹ȥ໣
԰԰ǿŹȥһС˵
죬³ˣȥڡһСһҸ˵š
໡
СЦЦʱ߽һѩС֮ǰС̡
˿Сȫǻϲ㣬ˡ
㣬㰡ոսС̺ĿǱ߷ĵط
ʲôζһð˳ζ˽
ӦÿԳˣǳ˲ġС˵
ðһ⻰ʱ͸Ȥˣѩ廹ûģЦ˵ˣҿһô˳㻹ܸǺֵ˵˵
С޶Ե˵㿴Ǹոմ̫ˣûԷֵζڵһȥ˵˵ء
ǺðɡС˵
ѩʳǲҪģ˶˵ˣҲν
ѿõƵĿ˳һķŵϣʹСǷ׷ǰæܿģһ棬ͷ
ð߾ˣ
ļУǺɫģӲ˵Ϻóԣ˵ʲôˡ
ϵ̲סʵǵһ㳢𣿡
Сû˵ĴһߣС
ԣкܶ࣬ƷֲһģģǵģǼӵ߲˵ģǼӵģǼӷ۵ġѡһԼϲİɡС˵ţ˳˵˼۸
ڷͺĲŻӵĺóԵģһ㣬ټһʳ⻹ǵԵøӵĺóԡ
ʵ飬ÿƷֵһġ
ðߺܸɴ࣬ͰǮˣȻѡ˼۸ģӵģӷ۵ģûرӵģԼ߲˵һûѡ
֮û߳ȥҧһڣϲ
ǲһ㣬ðҧ˺üںͣ˵˵̫ˣҴûгԹôóԵ
лл佱С΢΢Цš
ð˵⻰ʱС۾ֲĿϵСûдˣСĲС˼ǰȻûģǺԣϵƶˡ
ð߻û˵ڵĻȥǲ˵˼
˿ٿϵЩʱЩźҡҡͷ˳ȥ
û£гԵģֵܣ
̸ֵɡ
Ѿȡˣѩ岻ġ
໣ˡһСֵ̿ͶСĻ˲
عϺúóԵġԱߵС̧۾˵
Сһ㶣ǵعʵģȫС̶ԵĻʵֵҲָ׸ôһС顣
˵ȥȡЩȥ԰ɣЩԼġ
໣ð㣬ǲǮ𣿡һС̻꣬Щǳ˵
Сͷ˵û£׬ģ԰ɣʱǻȥս֮Ȼ׬ܶܶǮ
ոջһǳССĻ˵ǣֵ˵ţǻ׬ܶܶĽҡ
۾ţȫҸϲõĹâ
ʱ򣬳һСԼĳ
죬ϵ
һȥȻԶʳ
ֺãǱٹˣѩսʿǣǿ쿴Щ쵰Ȼ
ãոջǳȥһ£лȥģб°
ȻݽȥˡȻ⣡
ģ
ǶԶһ㣬ǳвܣȻҳȥԺ󶼽ֹʳã
ѩսʿţȻЩСˣӦˣСǻû˵Щðܻˡ
û
̫óˡ
磬ҰǶˣҽȥɣ̫ˣʱŻûԵˡ
ҳԹóԵˣһɣҰֵǺͽҶѹˣԲңȻǰǸԣ
ҽȥһɣ
Сûһ£ȻսʿǻˣǾûôˡ
Ҫµŵһߺ󣬾˵ЩǴȥСǷˡ
໣Сǵ۾ˡ
СһС̵ԴЦ˵ȥɡ
ˣ
໣ð
ϲˣ
ǻϲĿоҸˣữεСڴĿţѾữεСװҪȥġ
ʱһѵС׻ǻϲϲ˽㣬һȥɣ
С㿴ݵСˣЦЦ£պǰȥˡ
С۾һ˹Ĳ˲С㣬ȥԵġ

175 

Сʱ, Զս֮ǵĺڰħʦѾĥŵؾˡ
һޱ, СڻʵѸ, ô˵, ֻսʱ
ƫƫ֪, һΪսĽ
̾һ, ľãһ, һ㶼Ǻڰе˰, Ҳ죬Ҫɱʱ, иоˡ
, һ㶼ҸһӲģȻ, , ҲûкùӳԵġ
̨Щˣһ콱𲽷˾֪, Щһûһ, ǿž֪жˡ
ͷߵĵؾ, ˵ˣΪʲôҲˣ
ؾϿһ㶼µ, ̧ͷ˺, ˵ǲҹʶս֮, õ, ˵ˣҪԼװȻǮǸͲˡ
ǰĵؾǸҺͺү˵ģ˵ҲСĵģɲһˣѾˣˣӻѩؾˣǺһһģҲİԼô
ؾϿװ׵ģһ㶼ºأ˵˼仰֮󣬾͵ͷˡ
Ҫ֪ѩô飬ǰװ̫ܷҪþˣ˵Ҫ׵İװƺˮȣÿһؾæòˡҪŪ֮󣬸ϽȥȥС
С˿Ū֮󣬵ؾϿ˵ѾˣһЩһģһЩ̫ףȥ󣬺ʹ취֪ˡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬻Щŵġ
ԴԼ׬Ǯ֮ǾͿʼоˣвٵؾо˺õĶ
õǣѩǿƽȵóףÿæ깤֮󣬾ͿԶԼĻеװáѧʶ
ϿǺˣǰһֱ±ѩˣǺֻ֣Ҫؾѩغúù£ѩսʿǾ͸ǣЩؾ̻ѩѡ
ǰǲܵģѩأѾôĲˣҲûʲôˡ
ؾϿֻҪѩص̲ס¶΢Ц
磬ûʲôطѩظʺϵؾˡ
ԴϴԼ֮󣬺ܹһЩˣܺãһͱѩսʿץסˣȻڶѩؽŸֹ̫õʱǻһڲݵϢ̸죬ӣҪһֱȥ
ȻˣҪûǰڰħʦؾ͸ˡ
˵ѩʲôõؾϿĻǾһǰħʦˡ
һֻؾ͵˴ħʦĶ֮ǵؾûл·ˡǰʱ֪ǰƻ޳ܵĺڰʦġ
˿ɱǵؾ޳ܶˣץǸؾˣû˱ǲ˵ЩץؾҪõ
ιʲô񰡣ز˵
رĵùˮˮǹζģ·Īȥμӱ·ˣһеһУǻߵؾɵģ˺ܾãûҵ֤ݣ
ˣ𾴵񡣡ؾϿ˵
غǻɵĿ˵ؾϿһۣ˵Ҳǣҡ
ţͻȻ뵽Լ֮ǰūһ֮ǰû뵽飬˲͵Ժ
Լߣ»ȥһˡ˵
ҪȥؾϿ˻˵
ȥһҵūȻҪˡ˵껰ʱҲѾˣһħȥͷˡ
ؾϿڿֹ֮УǺ͵ؾģҪƭؾϿˣǸܵġ
ѩصЩǺ͵ؾˣһҲؾϿǲģ֪˵ٶ඼ûãϲǻˣǣؾϿֵͷˡ
Сֺ̧ͷһ˿ֻԼ׵ɻ
棬طɵúܿ졣
ԭסĵطս֮ҲԶȥʱūӦҲûǡ
˵ѩѾоˣõľƸǰʲôڵĻؿԼĿڴСҲⰡ
ѩǲūģ԰ūȥɻȻ̵ˣǱ߶Ҳˣȥɻ
ׯ԰ūǷ֣˻ˡ
ܼҪʱӭһŵĺϢ
ǾǵˣΰĺڰħʦҪǷʳˣ
ʳ٣ȴܺܺõǻȥ٣øʹ˵˵ĸоˡ
ҿźöӣЩ޴ūǡׯ԰Ĺܼɫ
Щɺ޵ū˵Ǻܺõһ죬ǶһĹĹܼ˵ͲˣˣΰѾѩسھסˣԽܡ
ֿտƶĵطôܹסأǣѩػ治ʲôȫĵطⶼУҪһħƣҪȥԶĵط
ҿ㣬ˣҪȥʰһ£쿪ʼǾҪȥѩˣܼҴ󺰵϶ŭȻǲĵġ
ūʱѾ˲ϹܼҵˣĻǻẦµò˵ģǵֻͰʳ
ǼÿҪȥĸоֻҪԵ
ؾŴ۾ȲĿǰͰʳţͷ˲ŵĿŹܼңһãڶУлСĶ鰵壬ǼĿǱߵʳųԱܡ
ܼһűӣһԿţ˭ĶˣҪϼ
ܿģеūֵʳ
ǿٵİѶһ֮󣬾ͻᱻ˸ˣҪǣٲԶľҪˡ
ȳ˶֮ūǾͿʼˣҪȥѩأԺܶණҪߵģȻ˵Ķūûжģһ·žѾܲˡ
ѾڰˣؾػصţŸϸµĻ鰵ӣţͷʱѾԭΣڳǰˡ
Ҫ뿪ȥѩʲôطһСؾ̸ĸ׵飬ϲ뿪ĻҲ롣
ö׵ĵؾǨʱģԼҲ·ϡ
˵ҪߣǾҪߵġϵؾº͵ĿСؾ̣˵ǸܿµĵطֻѩǱ棬кܶħޣ㵽ʱһҪĸţȻҪˡ
ѩ壡СؾˣǿǺǿ尡ֻܹĻ̫ˣڣǾҪȥôµĵط
ǲܲȥ𣿡Сؾʧʵ
°ɣ˻ᱣǵġؾĸº˵
Լô˵ţϵı黹Ǵһ޵ĽţūǲֵǮģǵؾū˵⻰ԼţǣҲûʲôİ취ˡ
Լĺӣ˵˵ǱҲеؾģ˵ʱǰæ
ͬطĵؾǺٻģ̫ѵĻҲǻæģֱˣ֮ǰĺҲڲͬطˣڡϣСܹƽƽĳˣǣΪūƽˡ
̾һ˵ǿ°ɣȻʱҪˡ
ûãׯ԰ĶȫʰˣǸڹܼҵĺ棬ѩسš
һ죬̫ãƶ׶Ʈݡ
ׯ԰ūĸڻ棬һһǰš

176 ӵ

һ, ڵִѩء
Ȼ, ǲˣ˺ܶСҪӡ
ûжԥģСֱӾǵȻϰ, ʱ䱦, ϰչԷ
ܹ赽ôĹ飬ҪǹͰ鲻, ⵹ʲô˺Ѵ˾񣬶ǰǱԼˡ
ǵĴƵľƺ⣬Ůеİ鶼ȥˣҲ֪Լ顣
ǹǿֲ´һֱעţǷ, ǳ˶ȥ飬ʵһ԰ֵľӢĳȥ, ڳȥʲôǲ֪ġ
Ƶľĳ, ǳȥҰ취
Ҳºֵûβͣǳȥҳ, Ҳǲ², Ҫðҵ˭ɵ, ЩƢļһŴȥˡ
СЩǲ̫ע, Ͼѩ廹ûٹϵ, Լ߻Ϊ˻ֵæòˣûľȥ˵Ĵô
ڰѹǶŵ֮Сͻȥˣѩ岿䷢չЩˣǰҪǲ滮ãġ
룬Сó˳й滮߶ȼٴҲҪ
ǵ֮ǰѩһطǷǳģ羰˵ûʲôΣգǳʺϸΣؼǣԺһ·ʱߡ
СԺе뷨һһдʱ򣬴򿪴ͼ˽
㣬ǲ̫˰ǳ˺þöûͦɫСС㣬۾ġ
ûб飬ǣ룬ɲǰùʰɫСϹһԺÿСѣҲ֪Լܹ֣ЩڵԼɫͷ
С̲סЦˣⲻŶܽɲſԤ֧ʵġ
֪ģЩСǳϲѩصʳ֮󣬲ԼСԹˣѰսĹʸûˡ
֮ǰ˵ķЩڵһСˣò˵һμóҵʱСǾˣЩһССһǮɱȳѩǶҪǮ
죬˷֮󣬾ʳִԴˣû೤ʱ䣬Ѿһ㣬ȻˣһϣЩҲûкö١
ʳֳԳԺȺ֮󣬵ס˿ݾƵ棬ڶԳԺȺȣԳԺȺȣһֱ˺ü֮󣬲Ļ
֮棬С㻹ЩѾǸģȫһԳԺȺˡ
ЩǣͦСһڳԳԺȺ֮󣬱󷽣ֱǺ޹˼ˣʲôʲôʱʱԡ
ĺȱǮǻֻСӵġ
԰ĺϲѩġ
ʱ򣬿СߣǵС֣Ժ
ЩСҪ谡
а
ЩǺˣڻ˱С̣ɲУ̲ˣ
סСߵ̣˵㣬С̣㲻ġ
ôˣС㲻ʵ
ϲͱĴԲ岻ˣʲô˶ϲʲô˶Ҫ̫ˣѩĺãһӾֻһµ໡
Ŵֵ˵ЦʵڲͣĸҩЦеҪҪæġ
˵⻰ʱֱͦżԵԼôĳؿɿ
Сһ½ĹЦû£ĶƵģðæȵģлл㰡
С˵úȻȴ⧲ĵһŭĿһС̣ʧôͻȻһΪѱӦɵĻˣ
ĵȼŭȻȴЦеĺС𣬵֮߳ӵǱȥˡ
ʧ
ǾҪһ֪ˡ
ܾһֻܰ
ûãСһ죬ͱС̣С̵·ˡ
ڼȥԷǳȥһˣҲûһֻˣΪʱʱľ˳·С̣Ҳ˵һ˫ʪĴ۾ȻرԹתˡ
С㣺
һü죬С㶼С̵
ֱһ磬һֻ׵ССҲ̲ˡ
һСǸĻģᣬĵţСǲ˱̣Ͳˡ
ûС˵Ա߾ʹզզ϶ǣҲˣЩ̺ܿĵĴķ߳
ûǶʧģû˰Сˡ
໣ǽͷ˵СС
ǺҵĻ
ΪʲôǲרĵģֻǮԵģǾͲһˣһëһģ
û뵽һ죬Ҳ˱Сˣ̫ˡ
СȻһϸԼԼС̣ٴҲҪŵģҪŵġ
̧ͷǽſŵһѻӣ˵Ѿˣڲ濪Сѧﻯսȿγ̣Һúѧϰϡ
ǽϣһѳսʿǲһĵȥԵģרŸǰŵİսʿſǽͷɥ໿š
С৵ĴӸܳСèһճˣ֪õģ϶ǵˡ
Ҳϲ㰡ˡ
Ƕ֪ģ϶Ҳǵģûʲô򡣡
СΪ˲ҵǺƴˣһֻֻģĲ˾ȣһ̣ǰǵˣǣأòҰ
ǿ챻̸ˣ
׶԰ҵҪСѧģ
·ð߿һĻͷ߹ˣԶˣС㻹˵ѩŮ˶ͦƯģ˵㡣
˰ɣΪǶȥʲôˣϷһԣȶˣ󱣻Ļѩ岿ķɡ
ðԶ֮ǽðһͷĻǡ

177 ڳ

ڻ˯̫, һ㶼Ϊʲôط
¥, ·, ЩʶĶ˰, ŪףԭľѩĲ䰡
ѩ, ӡе, ʵ̫ˡ
ǰСסɽģҶҸطһѾͶԸȥ˵ģͶ첻ùڷȥ, ȫոµӣİֽ
û뵽Լһ, ȻҲзˡ
˲ڲ, û߶Զ, ʶĸоΣգ
ǱߣһС̰սʿǺС̸ѵͷ̧Īģ͸о, ԼС̿Լ
һ֮ĸо, ˸, һͷվ˼ҵǰҲ϶Լǰɡ˲Ĵ۾Ǳ߿˹ȥӣܾãС̾Ͳһˡ
ͱ˱ȻΣиġ
ǡ
˲뵽ǰŸոշŵıֱǼͷӸյòˡ
ҲܹԼףСֵ̿󣬿϶Ҫˡ
˲뵽ְǽͷ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôڵѩ岿С֪Ƕӵģԡ
ץĻЩͷһرҵģ
˲֮󣬾͵͵ģĵطˣԲС̷ǾͶˡ
Сһ˲䣬ֱ͵˵ĸо
̧ͷܿȥȷû͵Ҳû֮ż˵ҪѩģҪǲúö飬ɲͻ𣿶ˣһһεĿôˣ
໣֪ˣЩС̣˵㱻ƭˡѩսʿίͰ͵ָЩСǣȻ۾˿ܲܡ
ܡСܸɴľܾˣ˵ǣһһú׼һ£ʱѧβצӡ
໣
̫˻ˡ
ǻģ
໣
С໽ţС˵ˣȥǶҪЦˡ
Сһǵĺ֮СͿʼս֮ǱߵˣǰյϢս֮ǵĽѾʼˡ
˰ûвμ⣬սڡ
СЩȥ鲢ûж⣬ĸǰ˸ӻúðٵ顣
ŴݹϢս֮ǵķսѩ嶼ѾѾ׼ˡ
ţͻȻԶһ޴
һǴرը
СǱ߿ȥ룬ǸطӦڿĲǣûģǱ߸ȥˡ
ɣոձСսʿҲѾ߸ˣǶû˵ʹС㡣
УħԪصϢ
һ˲䣬СȫѵصĶսʿǷ׷׷е飬ĵظȥ
մӵ֮󣬾±ˡ
ϵЩѩսʿǾͲ˵ˣȫǾӢսʿǣΧѾкܶѩսʿ߸ˡ
ÿ˵
У㲻ߡڶݵĳԾսʿǰΧסˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôĿģȻһ
ʵ̫Żˡ
ȻѾˣǲߵģȻʱô㽻
ѩսʿ峰˭ҲõĶţŻˡ
ǹصģʺϲʺѩ˹ſ꣬ûߣѩսʿǱ߾ڳһ
̫ˣͻȻģһ¾ͷɳһҪЩѩսʿܵÿ죬Ҫըˡ
ⶼˣǹ˰޿˵
ܶ꣬ͲСȻ֪˵ʲôǣǰ˭֪ܲȫѩض峤ܣûйǲġ
˳ܵʱ峤Ѿȹˡ
ųѩصľû˵һֱȵ̲ˣ˵һѩ峤
š峤˵
˵Ҫô
ȵȡ˵
ЩŭˣոնôãҪʲôĪЩϼһﻹûṻ
Ҫ˵ͼԶһѩ壬ξȻС̡
ճĬˣ˯һѩı仯ô
ֵǣӦѪ
뵱ǳսռֱˣ֪Ͳˡ
ЩѩǵģǴѩ𣬶ˣô׷Ųš
վԼرί뵱꣬ҶһֹģЩѩսʿһһȺ˴һֱӾʹͷѪĶˡ
ⲻǶû򵽲
ڶˣȻŹ
Сʱ򣬿ľһŭĿӡ
˿ٿ˿ΧĻǿӣٵľ֪ôˡ
˳ɾ㡵սʿţͻȻһڳ˸
ѩʲôС˵
ճĬˣмڻشһС̵Ļ
ֻûаͷתߣͼǰôûѩսʿǣѾʼòͬˣǼƣʱ˼
һһĻǲµġ
ǣǣЩɶѩ壬ûкһһ˼
ǣѾ֪˵ЩѩϢˣǶڰȻҪСŲģ
Щ˵ǾͲǸõģڸˡ
һһ˵֮ǰ飬صʾṻˣôˣԷؼˣ
Сϵı鲻䣬Ѿһһ㶵ˣ⡢ڳһö
ѩսʿǶˣĿʱˡ
ð
ȻԽԽֵǮģ벿̣С˵ȻˣҲұ֤㲻ƻǲܷ뿪ġ
Ǳġ
ⲻǶû򵽲ȻֵûʱʲôŹͱһȺѩսʿΧסˣñͷѪͶ
ŭĺҪʲô
Ǯɣѩסôãס޷ѾͲ˵ˣѻӰǾӢսʿĿģצצʹ֪𣿡С˵Դǵġ
㡵΢΢鴤ǡ
ղųһʵծĿĿǰѩǣЩ
ЩϻǾͲܹЩСϻ
оԵĶѩˡ
ΪճĬ̫ˣСע⵽ˣһͲһöңеǩħԼɣʲôʱˣʲôʱˣѩ涼ôǩġ
ǲԸġ
ħԼʲôģһͲǺõġ
һΪԭǩģ;̫ˬˡ
˿ǰѩǣٿ˿С̣ôˣû˵Ǿ˵С˵ˡ
Ǯʲôģܵġ
ЩѩսʿǣšҲƽ޹ʵٱһ١
ҡҡβͣͻȻܵһɺѪ֮ˣС̶͹Ͷ
Ǳ߷ɹĳƣĬƬ̣˵֪ˣǾǩɡ
С㿴峤ף峤̫Ϥˣ¾óħԼһԼЧˡ
ʱѾ˹ԾĿԼҵڣȻתͷС㣬ҼڶҪߴ𣿡
գ

178 ؽ

ô, ǺˣκѩصļһԷΪ, һ򹤵ģһǮġ
ֻû뵽һ죬Լڶһˡ
˵, ֮ǰʱ, ҲҪͱһġ
ֻڸܵһ˿ѪϵĸӦ, Ȼˡ
ⲻ֪ܲ, һһ
ǩԼˣ
˵ô, ôܸɻİ
ûϵ, ٵȵȣˡС˵ѩطô, ͲϢǴȥ, ЩҲġ
տźѩСôϤ˵, ʱֲõԤ, ˵ǡ
ûеȳհѻ˵ˣͼԶһѵ̡
ƿ˿Ǳ, ΪҪʵ, Ϊǹ򹤵, Щ쵰ϻծ񡭡ȿ, Ҳ˵棬˵ǷǮˣߴ򹤻Ǯ
˵˵žͣˣԽ˵ԽԾֻô߰ɣȥҼҡ
СûʲôģѾǩԼˣͷˡ͸ˣ͸λøʲô͸ʲôȥ
ѩսʿæµʱ򣬳հŪˣģһӵȫ߸ɻš
Զһ壬Ĭˡ
˰
˰

ԹĿɨߵһǣʱ;ã;ãҲһѵȻôġ
տ߻õĳƣ˵ҪǸС˵˵һҲˣ
ˣͬġһ˵䵽ļһûܳɹġ
ǣ
һ۳ǽģʱ֪ûˡô˵棬ôú󱲴Ҫأ
ҲŶҶ򹤵ġһθˡ
ǻǺССˮ۵ȫСߵıˡ
ʵҲͦõİкܶԵġķΧУһֵཱུͦ˵

Ҳ֪һûס¶˲
ӣ˵Ҳвȥˡ
СཱུСһ㶼ѹˣСǱ˵һӿסˣĵĻʱ˵ˡ
ձ븧ߵС̣Ǹ֮һĵС۾ȫ⡣
ͻȻģȥˡ
֣һݳԵľܹ𣿡ռֱǺɸˣǿ½еˡ
Ҳ֪ǶʲôˣЩСǣȻô˵ʳˣ
ƿ˳һۣ֪˵ûõģʱ䣬ȥԷã˵棬ҿԽһǮģڿȥʳ֡
ϴʳֲŶ֮ѩ岿һֿһʳ֣̲裬˿С⣬бɣҲûгء
֮ǰֻ˿֣³ģûȹأ˵ΪÿֿС㶼ûйϢͿʼŪˡ
֮ǰȥֹʵСҲ࣬ʵаӣδʱΪʣİɫɫڳ𽥱ΪɫδѿʱɼʵƤȡӣΪֶ
ѿֶŪ֮ѩսʿǻȡߣɿַŵ档
ʱҪȥֵģȻͷ⣬ˡ
ʲôʵ
룬ȥʳ֡һ㶼û˵
ȥƷʳְɣһûȥ컹ҪҪ¸²йʡ
ҸҵСˣð
Ҳ˰ҵСˣѾһˡ
ð߽һûгԹƷҲҵϡ
˵ŻʳȥѾˣȥ
ֵ˵ĻһƬЦ⣬ԶˣСѩǮ
ɲǣǸͲȥħޡһ˵
ϴ⻰¶ΪѣѩҲʲôöԸİﻹǵĵ̡
ڱ˵ĵطŪǮҪǻԼŪȥˣǾˡ
ҹ۲ˣЩѩã֪Ū˷ӣҲǲԵģЩطø㡣
˵ţüͷèǱǱˣǻС˵гɵģҾӣ׷ɱܾáʳǱҲˣЩѩսʿ̫æˣͲǵġ
˵ûǲǶǮע⵽ˣϵʱңȻͳһͷģѩ峤
ֻԽ˵ԽϷ
ȻҲʲô쿪ģ׼컯֮ȥѩ壬вͷãôģȻ͵͵һġ
Ĳ˵ܵĻǺܿģǡҲܡ
ûֲѩ˴ǿȺǽѣȻķɾ裬ʱ򣬰ѽһİԲ˾ܡ
һֻ̣۾˸Žҵ״Ǵδйģǿҵķ**һ˲ȫ˳
ϴһֱãѩأǽǮ֮ɱһЩС͵ֵǮħϾǵĹѾˡ
⧲ģһոµˡ
ǰǰţôЩŪǮûѩ岿ŪǮġ
뵽ʳֵ֣һһĲ䣬ʱѪ
֪ѩ岿׬Ǯ
ϴ˼Уֻ࿴һۣϷȻûһϴЦ˵ԡ
ҶѾǳ˲Сˣȥ֮ǰȻҪúõĹ滮һµġ
Ҿû⡣
Ҳû⡣
Ƕ飬Ǻģֻǰ͵Ķһˣڻһѡ
͵ҵطˣѶ߾ˡ
˵ˣǰҲ͸һܳðŵģЩ˵Ҳûץסǣѩ岿ˣЩҪøӵĴ
ǾĿ֮󣬾һ˼Ŀʼôȥȵ㣬ôѩսʿˡ
ʱ˽Ҿܣ½ôﶼȥġ
·ĺĦ󻨱
ʾ֪Էʲôˣģģռѩıˣڻʵʵ͸ţǿˣռˡ
ĦŹߣôֱˡ
Դ֮ÿ춼ںڣԼΪʲôҪѾռôıˣֻҪѩ߾벻ǣΪԼһʱҪ֮ǰĶˡ
ֻҪһ뵽飬̲סҪ
Щѩ̫ˣһһʵļôˣ涨ʱ䣬ûа꣬Ͳܼܰڡ
紵ĦķԽԽޣԽ޾Խڴţܺһܲˣúõһֻ꣬ѩأ̣ʲô˶֪
쿪ģ
Զ
ܳ
ְֻ϶˵
һɣҲ񰡣ôˣ˵
ϴĬһ˵ǸոյĻӦûбɣ
ûûУһֻ꣬ġ
ǣӦûǺСĵġ
Ǿͺãҿˡϴ˵
ģȥͲС
û
ĹսǴѩѲ߶սʿһֻСǳ鴤
ѣ
峤ף
ͷ˿Ҫȥ͸ĵС
ոճĻսʿĿ˸Ų۵ˮʱ˿̣ʲôʹ
ԭˣܲʹ
ѩѲ߶սʿС˺󾱣ͷ˵ĺˣֻҪú͸ģԺ󣬻һֻû
СѩսʿĻ֮ԭסˮʱͻ쮳ۿˡ
ǻһµġ
ίС˵ţͼܹõ
֪㻰˵ˣ츳ѩսʿۻ˵̫æˣܶضҪģҪУ֪𣿡
ǱȲ仹Ҫܶܶ࣬ҽԺй԰ѧУ̵ꡭ˵ţ̫ȱˣԣҪؽҴ
СǿҪȥᣬֿסˡ
ľ֮󣬶ʱͱԵģӵĿˣģһ㶼ˣֱί˼ˡ
紵·ïʢľѾԶ˵ֵһ٣ûʲô
𣿡һʵ
ûġ
֪öѩ岿ΥҼ͵ģ϶ЩҪץȥ͸ĵڿޡ
Ŷǻˡ
Խ˵ԽԶˣѩѲսʿſ޵һһСһ͸ĵսʿ
Ѿǵڼˣսʿʵ
ڰʮˡ͸ĵѩսʿ˵ˣ֮ǰҪѱߵĵȫĳðˡ
Ѳ߶սʿĶԷļ˵֪ɣߣʣһѲߵˡ
Ҳǣɣˣҵд𣿡
ˣҲŰѰٰ˳ܸĬдѵģôʻ

179 ȡܸߵ

һ˿ķ뿪ѩصʱ, , ͬʱ, ׯ԰ūҲˡ
ѩ岿𣿡һūƯķ, кֲ߲ܶأԼЩȫһľò, ʱ;ˡ
ðһūԶܹȥѩС, Ľ, ĽܿͽӲϣ۵Ե֮ɫ, ոգеؾСһܹȥˣ
Һ񻹿С, Ҳȷǰ˳ȥʱ, ˣǺ񡣡ū۹ܼңС˵
ʱ, һѩսʿ˹ЩԺׯ԰֮, ͶŹܼ˵Ѿյ, Ҵȥ, ˽ˡ
ׯ԰ܼڹʱѾ˽ѩˣΪһϸĹܼ, ˿̵Ƿǳλ, û, һ˻ģֻǡ
˵𣿽̫æˣ͹ȥѩսʿ˹ܼҵ˼Ͼ֮ǰϢֻᵽūģȫǾơ
ׯ԰ܼҵ˵ͷʾˡ
ûѩսʿ֪ͣ·ߺ󣬾ԼȥˣϾҪȥ˽һĶ߸űҲ㡣
ūڹܼ֮Եú
ǺηĿѩսʿµԼͱ͵ѵϣ˻ӡ
ΪһūµľǱʱˣΪԶ֪һһôˡ
߰ɣ̫ȱˡѩսʿʱ䣬ͰЩūǴǱߣ׼ֱǱϢһ£Ϳʼġ
һ˵ĵĻѩսʿʺϵģ̫ˣǱҪȥĵط
ūǲ˵ѩսʿȥ
ȵ˵ط֮ѩսʿָŲݵϵʳ˵ȳţԱȥɻ˵ĻеؾͳԵġ
ūʳԣʱʹסˣ⻹ǵһأǻûɻжԵġ
˵ķӦٶȶǺܿģ׷ǰȥȡʳ
Ȯ𾪵ĿԼȡʳǹ֮ǰүڳԵġ
нĿ̽Եţˡ
㡣
ҲܺóԵӡ
ȮûԥڵľҧִʿڣᶼҪˡ
ⲻһūӦóԵʳ
ô֪ģȮ껹ٶȣеʳ
뷨һĻкܶˣ˶˵һſڣʳûˡ
ǺϧĳδԹʳԺȴǱŷһɹǿҵС
ȣūģҲûʲôͷţܹȵĻϾˣĳһһãҪˣҲϣҪ̫ʹࡣ
ܶ飬ûһ죬ԼҲܹôζʳõģҲһӶԲĶ
ǳϵıӣеĸӿȣܶ໰Ҫ˵ܶ໰ֲ֪ô˵
õĸ·ƣԼ·ϵĵ֮飬һ̣ƺȫɢˡ
СĳŹһŹкЩˣδָ
ȳ˹֮ūǳԾȥɻˡ
̫£ǳѹֵ۾棬ɵɫʣÿ˵϶㣬ĶǸм
ҸոտؾˣǺѩһˡһ˵
û뵽ؾ߾ȻҲܹôáƾ·ζ˵ţͷй˵
룬ǶܹôõĻӦҲеģ͵͵˺ЩǮҪǡʱǾԼԼȥ˵úСģ۵״һЩԼûע⵽֮ɫ
ԣСһ㿴һʱ䡣µڳһʯͷ֮󣬿Ǳ߷Ĳ䣬Ҳһɡ
ɲֹеؾע⵽ˣкܶ壬С˶гֹģЩ˳ڽֵϣȴûб٣ɫǰȻĺõġ
ڱץȥūʱҲȥٵĵطģ˺ܾãûĸطСôȻڴϡ
Զؾڰһʯͷ֮˷ܵĺ˵̫ˣҿؾˣǱߣֵģ·úܺá
Ҳˣúøɻ׳ĵؾɫº͵Ŀؾ͸ټɣӦǱǰõģǺúɻ϶ǿԻϵġ
ǵģ壬̫ϲˣϲҴûгԵġóԵʳˡؾϴŻϲкܶ໰Ҫֻ˵ã佱ǰԵĹ
ǱõĶԴһˣʱˣֻҪµĵطһһ߲ҪĶǾͺܿˡ
紵أūĸŻϢʱὲ仰Ǽûͣʱ
ܿģ̫ȥˣӰб
ѩսʿʱЩ죬ԤĹĻࡣ
žнūǣ˵ԷɣˣȥϢϲҪܣ滹ãԶˣħ޾ͳԵˡ
ūСӦţĵطܣǶܰ
ҪǣȫûϾȻʳԡ
ѩսʿĻ֮ÿū۾ﶼ˸ϲõĹâиܵ˾޴Ҹ
Ҹһһ˵ģǼҪʹȥˡ
ǻúøɵģԺÿһ춼úøɵġ
ѩ̫ˣԶҪ뿪һһֱɻɵɲģҿԸɵһƾ˪İģǺе˵š
ǻŬɻģ
ˣһ㿪ѳĵأؾһ˫۾ѩսʿͺڷһ㡣
ңҲŬģĺӲ˵ʲôĻ˺öͣѧű˵Ļ˵š
ҪһӣҲҪ뿪ѩ岿䣡
ūǷ׷˵ŻôҸ㼤
ʱս֮ǱҲѾϢѾ·ˡ
峤׼ܵС棬˴㣬ҸոյϢСҪͻˣ
СЩ±ơ
ոճС̣̫ˣѾöûСͻˡĿС㣬˷ܵĴ˵ȡʲô֣
ְС룬˵룬ֲ̫ߵˣ̫ߵ˱ΪҪôأҲһʶȶûУͰȡˣеƷλټһõԢ⣬롭
峤Сôʱ۾ˡС㿴۾һӾ˵ˣͽС
Ԫ

180 ҹ

ڰǶͻȥ, ô, ðһѩսʿ˵
ǵͳһɵģշתս֮Ǵ, һ˵ص֮ġ
һģкЩֵ, ֻǺһȥˡҲҪȥģܾ, Ҫȵȣһһߡ
ǰ, ܿ, ǾͿ԰˶, 峤ѾѴ󲿷־Ӣ, ǿ, ˡ¶Ц˿ȥһˡ
ڰѵһͻȥ֮ͷ˲١
Ϊףһ죬źͼսʿһӵĺòˣרŵˡ
֪ͨ𣿡
֪ͨˣһû©µģǲ֪ܲܳ, ܳ, ϶ġľ˵
Ǿͺ, ֪ͨ˾ˣʵڹĻ͵ԵĹȥҲһ
ҹɫУŵɣ謵Ҳʰ֮󣬾
ˣ˭ûжӡ
ϷŵĶѩĺòɫпʳĽлͿȫ򣬻ɫըϺˬζͻ
謻˶࣬ǰѩսʿƷ֡
ҪѶг˰ϸ˿Ȼӽ߼ѩƵĻ˿ſԡ˵صһҪۿȥɫҪ壬ζҪŨ
ŹҲ˷ģҲ᲻ôԣǽʵ̫ˣ謾ͰԼõϺõŹˣѩôģǳĸˬʵ͸죬еԵ㡣
˱«ѼѼҲѩֳģ˵صҪѼѹǼȥѼǣһҪѼƤƲУʱһҪרġȻѼϣƳɺ«ΡȻ£ǳʱѼۣŴɢζ㴼ЩһѼӸһ
ûǲʲô飿һѩսʿʵ
ٵȵȣһûҲȫģʱ䣬ӦõȲ˶ãͻ˹ˡ
ڿ°ڷ֮󣬰ѸŵԱߣըƶɣɫƴ죬ϸۣζ΢
²ԣӵıϻ˲ɣȻˣȻٲ˺ġ
𣿡
ûС
շ·һ˲Щء
ѩսʿǿϵʳû˵ˣʵҲ֪ǻ᲻ǻȵȿ
֮ǰѵһҪʱȻе㲨ۣ˵ǿԵģЩѾȥѩص·ˣһ㶼ġ
ǣҲ֮ǰˣʣµЩ˲ǺҪģĸȥսĺ֣Щǲ׷ǻġ
Ҳû취ˣѩսʿǽȥģֻҪԼˣǾҪ˵ģֻЩ̫ƻˣһֱԼɣŵ£ܶѩսʿû취˵ġ
ﶼ֪ѾˣζҪȫѩصġ
֪˶ôģ֪ȱ֣峤㻹ǰѴ󲿷ֵľӢ˹ΪľҪڵһ˻ȥ֮ǿ񣬰ѵڶǸȥ
Ȼѩսձ鶼ʵúõĲࡣ֮ǰȥЩǣʵȥģҲòá
Խã֪ľԽࡣ
ʵЩˣΪսʿҲûеõƴһٸܳԵʮûУ͸˵ʲô·ˡЩԴҪԼ㶨ģŶӸɻǸǳеˡ
ҪǲŶӸɻǾҪǩ̵ܿԼûѩսʿԸ
˿ҹɫԽԽˣڴΪЩ˲ܹʱ
˶
ľ򿪴һʱ¶ϲɫ
ˡ
ڵѩսʿȫǿĵЦüһÿɹġ
ҪٳһĻǾԼˣõõãû׵ȡ
ʲôٶȶ֪ʵ̫ˣǵȵÿɹˡ
ⲻǵȵ໣óԵģһҲϻӡ
Ѿö꣬ԣӦ˵Ǵûмôʢʳǿʳһ̲̾סˡ
ѩսʿǷǳܳԵģȻҲ᳤ô߸׳׳ġӵһ˲䣬սʿȫð̹⣬ӿ񱼶ȥˡ
㣬̫ˡƤѩսʿ־ջԼп鿾ȫˣʵ̫ˣû˵ʲôֱӳ
ѩսʿǣһģٶҲǷɿ죬ԼԵʳǲʳ̫ˡ
ǰʱһֱЩû뵽ĿˣĻҪûҪ԰˵ѩսʿǱǽˡ
̫ˣ̫ˣ̫ϲˡڵѩսʿſ㣬һ߳һš
໣ǺóԣͷҪһȥˡӲʿѩսʿڽӴʳһ˲䣬ͳСè䡣
ʱ򣬴һѩսʿſζʱ۾Ŀ졣
ǺóһЩ
Ǿǡ
½½ģѩսʿҶĬóλãС̻ʡ
ſЩһǣ˵ǺôǵľӢսʿûɲ˵ô
̫ƻˣ˵ΧڲԣԶ˵ĵطصʱ䶼ȶʳǸսʿſ˵
ɲ̫ɶˣÿ϶͵͵ܳȥģûܳԵ㶫ȥҪȻͶˡ
ǻãҾͱȽϵùˣǱصñȽϣûʲôȥĻᣬҲ㶼ȥǩǸԼˡ
ǾǣҪлͷ͵Եġһżȵսʿ˵
ڵĹͣȫʳ
һѩսʿųۿͺˣҲģ˻һȥսûˣɶÿ껹ҪȥħʱˣŽŲڱﶼһûעֱӶˡ
⻰Ĭˡ
Լһˮ˵̣ǻصѩأǾͿʼж
û£ѾôˣҲϰˡһĸߴѩսʿЦ
İɣȻЩ˺ܻҲ͵͵׬ҵʱ򡣡һѩսʿӿڴһöңŵϡ
ҲеģЩ̫ˣǺѣҪȥұ˵鷳˵ѩսʿ˵⻰ʱңǻͱڵӣҲн׬
һʱ䣬ڵգ
ҳʳ죬ֵĲСǻֵӰӳǽϣǾͱط꣬ȴδֱһ
ҹɫԽԽˣڿҪʱѩսʿʱһϵζȻص˸Եĵط
ŵĺҹﻹһǹ˸š
Եñѩսʿװƽʱģĳˣȥѵ׼
˼֮žʹ˿ʼжˡ

181 Ž

һ, ս֮еѩսʿˡ
ѵϣɻĿ۹㳡, ʵѩأ
Ϊǿս֮һѩսʿܹע, ֻǰЩһﶼͦԾ, 컹ûͻἯѵ, ֪Ϊʲô쵹һûмˡ
ѵϵ⻰еֻе¶, еޱ飬֮ʲôĶС
ܼҵڹ㳡ϿһȦ֮üͷˣת˵, ϾȥЩļһ
꿴㳡ϵһ, üͷ΢΢, ˵ˣҲȥ
ǡ
֮, 㳡ϵȻ˵˻
ǲˣ֪˭ҵĲ²УͻȻ˵
, ЩѩǩԼ, Ҫ, Լܲ˵, ǵĲ䶼鷳ˡ
Ҳòܣǰ˶ûǳԵģҲǳȥӦǶ˰ɣѵôҲҪͷǩˡ
ʯͷ¾صĺ˵һ֮󣬾ͼˣѩûʲôȤչˣҲᱻץġ
ٺ٣ҪǿɾͺһˣܵһȺ֪ͨļһһȧǸʵսʿ˵
˰ɣֻëģûսϣʲôʱ򱻴ɱ˻֪ʲôõġһ˳۵սʿ޵һ˵
һߣѩսʿѾҵ˵ԼҪһֻħˡ
ˣСĵ㡣˵
սʿǵ˵ͷȥǱߵڱȽ϶ܹ࣬õ
Զħ޲ûзһ˵ĿȻ׼ȥʱͻȻʱѾܽˣֱӾȥһ
⵶ͨĵѩԼģȻ٣ġ
죬ˣ
ѩսʿǴӸΧסħޡ
ħһְߣǰ˶Բ⻬ܲϸơ
ȻۣȴǺѶԸģ˭ͻϼǧСħޣҺܿģѹѣͷųΪԾСħޡ
Ҷһ㣡
һóѺѸ˵һߣʱһսʿ෴ķ򹥻˹ȥ
߰˸սʿ߸עħ޵
ʱ֮󣬰ֱӴ˸ħͷ׼ħ޵ͷħǺͷβģѩսʿԼİ취Ա
ɫĹܿ˹ȥһ˿ϸСĻ𻨣𻨺ܿľȼһ߻˿ħϮȥ
ΪоΣգħûȥͷµѩսʿҪܡ
ͱΧˣܲһŤͷǱܿˣӱˡ
𡪡
ħʹĺһŤ壬Ȼûãɲǣͼ˼ͷĻħ
˲ȼˣܿͰħ޸ûˡ
ħ֮󣬻ǵˡ
紵ݵأһѩսʿѸǰոеʯ˵ֽһ
Щħޣ治öԸûϵ˶࣬ǵڶʮһˣҿӻСʮ˸Ƥѩսʿһ֮һаְ뻭˸
˾ûˣЩ쵰֪ƭˣ໣Ժ󶼲ˡ
Ҫúö鰡Ȼ໡
ܱǩǩԺ󶼲ǩˣȻҵģһûǩԼӦע
ټӰѾȡŪ꣬ѩȥһݸѩսʿ˵
š
ŵı͸һãлԶħ޵ĺ
֪´ӵսʿǧħޡ
߰ɣҲȥһŴѸһȥˡ
һѩܵսʿǶˣΪ˰ս֮ǵ˵ģеǩԼǽ飬еǩԼǽħޣȻ鶼̫һһһġ
ǾǣͨǩԼѩսʿǺѰԼϵݸ꣬еѩսʿǩԼǣĳħ޵ͬʱб񣬵˺ܽƻһֱȥŽħޣѩսʿһ˸Ըˣֻܸ˽бһֱڶ
սʿǺܿ͵һ±ߣص̫ãһͱ޸ˡ
±ϣİֻ۾Ŀǡ
սʿӰצǰ˹ȥսʿҲûţѸҵ˸ԵλãΧ˹ȥ
ٶƺŭޣŭһ֮˲ͳѩսʿ˿ߡ
˿ճֶٶȻ죬Ҫ䵽ˣ׾ͻ׸ѩսʿʱ򶼾ֱܿһѩսʿɹ޺ǵжҲûй˼ˡ
ºܶͣŵҲǳĽޡ
ͬʱԶĵطӢսʿѾȥػħ޲ժֲˡ
һ죬еѩսʿæµţŸԼ⡣
һֱ˰죬ѩսʿڰ˵ԼˣһæҪʰĻȥʰҪʰģֱӾȸŴ󲿶ӣëµܻѩȥˡ
ѩսʿڽԼ֮󣬵һǻص˳ҵԼѡ
ڵʯͷϣԼӣһһڳѩѩսʿĵģ̲ס¶һõЦݡ
Сһ߳һҡβͣȥּˡ
ԣġ
Сͷţڳһ֮󣬾̧ͣͷڴĿţʣµĸԡ
ѩսʿţ˵԰ɣأıĶࡣ
СգԹԹ׺ܿͻѩغ󣬾ҲûˣȫǿֵĹ⡣
ӺСʱ򣬾׺ͽ˵ˣѩǵĵطѩСǿԵܵģÿڼ
ҾͲˡС̼ͷţβһ±һ˦û졣
ʱ򣬴һѩŮսʿݴЦ⣬˵˵ˣҲȥɡ
ѩսʿ԰С̷ŵ˵ϣСԴԼ档
̧ͷʱӲʵȫ棬ҲߣҰ͵ѩغ󣬾ͻ
ɵϣǩģǲһѩŮսʿϴЦЩ꣬ܰС̸סѾܿˡ
ɷ̿úý̽СӣԺ󳤴ˣһ
һҹ֮Сֵ̳ʱ򣬲û˻ɹǶû֤ݣ˲ܰСΣڵĻֻϣСܹ뿪ͺˡ
ĺˣһ̡սʿԱԼ˵
ˣʰһ߰ɡ
˵Ҫе˶ȥģİɣǺܿߵġ

182 ĺ

ŵ˻ص֮, ûȥҰлħˡ
ֻϢһ£ָԳˡ
ǰǰȥսʿǵԼˣҪЩѩԼ⡣
˺ü꣬ûôġ
첿Ŀ, һܺõİ취Ǿ֮֮
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪŪСѧ, ãǺܺõġ
ȥһ£֪Ŀġӹעܽͷ۵⡣
Ȼ, ҲΪǽڵĿ, ʱʹֻˡ
ñ˵İ취αˣʺˡ
һʮˣǷֱţǸɶɶɡſƤϵ, Ȼ̧ͷ˵ڴҷֳӡ
һרŶ˵, ʲôʧܣһרŶұ, ܸƻĸƻܸƻľͰϢ͸¶ȥ, ǰԸʹӵʱ͵ʱ, ǮƵʱ, ΥҼ͵ʱ򡭡
ҪбԸɵ, ҲԸѣ˶ʱԽԽá
İɣ֪ġһѩսʿ˵
ûǻʣµ˴ȥģ
ػ
սʿǷ׷ױʾŶ׵ģǰ㻹ܶԱ˼ȥأܶɡ
Ȼ˭Ҫǳȣƻȥʱ򣬾иĻˡ
ſսʿ⺷ģ˵ͷһӣУǾͷֿж
һ쿪ʼս֮ڻѩūĹǣȫ಻
еѩսʿūȫˡ
Ǳ˭˭ͻᱻѩսʿǹؼǣ˼һҪʹҲûȥ˵ǣЩѩսʿͲϵ
ҪѩūȥŶûģŶӾͻָ⣬Ҷ֪ѩսʿɵģץˡÿŶӶԸѩūĹˡ
ЩѩūȥִɣҲУһԸһԸ֮ջħ޻ֲˡ
̫ˣս֮ȨƵһðѱȫˤˡ
ȷʵˣЩҰˣ֪ʧҶ⣡һֵ߲ѣҵѩսʿһûȱ˼ҵ٣ܵӰҲ
Ҫ취аȥаŻΪӢüͷ˵
룬ʲô취ܵñħ޶죡ҪȻȥץˡոմսǱ߸ϹĻ˵
ͣ˵ú˲ץסһĶԼҺĳһ£Ȼ˵ҿҪǼҺһԸѩС
ʲô취ЩļһѾʳս֮ˣöҵıˣЩۻļһǣˣ˵ս֮ǺպʳƷ̡
ǰֻһҵʱôôһۣһ۶û⣬Դѩ֮ǼܵӰˡ
ʼǵͷĪȻѩ忪زȫѩسĸħ޲ʳƷ뵽̲סǿҪѩģǵģ궼ˣȻˡ
ǲȥˡ
ûһҪ취УȻԺͲǼ˵ˡ
ЩӵļһǣһҪúβС
ڳйߵţͻȻһʵѩ˻ǵĴˣôȫս֮ǣ𣿡
һ˲䣬˳Ĭˣս˱㡣
ս֮ǵȨ˵Ŵѩʱս֮ǵðҲֺǺǵ̸š
ֿ˼ҵүûˣȻڼүķ䱻ץסЦˣ˵үǱ˶Լķſġ
ɲ͵鱻ץô̼ģҲһλˡñӵðߺٺٵЦ˵̩շ˾ˣͰ˸˵
˹ٰҽ쿴˺üѩսʿǰ˶ȥˡ
ⲻ˭ܵ˰ǰǾô˼ҵģڡͷ
һ߿ǽһСƵ
Ǹžͱүˣˣ챻һ٣һֱһѩսʿȥˣû¡Ҳ̣ÿ챻صģ˼죬ۿҪԼһˣɿڡ
˰ѩŭɼܣѧˡ
ֵϣԽԽ̸£ѩսʿǱ߸øʲôǸʲôһ㶼
ôһʱ֮󣬴嶼ܲˣ׷װеѩսʿ˻ȥȻˣҲû߼ۻֱӰеѩսʿ˵ģǣֻҪһţܹ滢ѩսʿǡ
Щսʿһ֮Ӳ˻ǼģǵĻȫ϶ͲˣҲ֪ˣúܿġ
һж½½ģѩսʿ˻ȥս֮ǵѩȫѩѩսʿȥˡ
ս֮ѩ飬սڶ֡
ȻûѪͻǶ˵ѩսʿ˵Ƕðȵġ
Щ˸Ĺ岢̫ãʱƢòˣܲǰͲǰġ
Ҹ󶼾ţΪѩѩİЩҲٰɳȥˣܹ㵽סĵطȥ
Щ˼˿ڶ໹˵Щ˼һŮսʿҪӣȻǸĵˡ
սʿǾģɷһģߵʱѾˣʱ˵ϻӵģֻõħ޿еϢ
һֱСĵչԼһֱ̳ź͸ոһޡ
ūģҲū᲻ãûмˣʧȥС̡
ܼѣܿ࣬ŬĸһһĻƴԼЩ˵ĽȻЩ̻õʳ
ЩҲҪѩ̣һжôѣټǵİǾԼѾˡ
ЩӣѾоЩ˿Ŀˡ
ܵģﻹС̣֪Լ벻ʲô飬С̾Ͳһˡ
ʱÿ춼飬Ϊľǿ꣬Ȼ㵽￴ԼС̡
춼ûôԵģڻ֮󣬾ϵʳøСˡ
ȵˮٳԡ
ǱԼС̣Ŀ
СǵָС
ԡС̵ͷа񣬼̲סᡣ
˵ѩصѩ취ˣԼôҪôϣЩ˰С̸߰
ѩؿ۵㶼ûйϵֻҪƽĻųͺˡ
ǵ䵽С̵ͷϣ̧ͷɻĿĸףȻǲ֪Ϊʲô޵ġ
ܹɣĸ׿ޣ̧צӣѧĸ׺ӣҪǲᡣ
û£ֻе㲻ģһ¾ͿˡѸٲ˵
С̵˵ͷһ˼Ҫİ
ΪЦ˵ʲôͻȻûãžͱˡ
СѸĶ㵽һһ˹ȥ
ʱ洫һսʿ˵ǣǣʰȥѩˡ
ǴţȻͼƽһɻ棬ҵϴЦݡ
ǣ㣬ʣˡ
СأϣԼѾ⿪ˣߡ
ԶԶԣߣھȥѩأ
£ս֮ǵĸطѩսʿССɵľۼȻս֮ǵĴŴţ׼ѩء

183 عĻ

ս֮ǵһѩ, ˿Щվڲ档
ǲѩ߳ѩ壬֪ѩߵѩοǵġ
ҪǣǸûʲôô
ûоѸǿ似, ва˵ģô, ûһսʿġ
ս֮ǵѩѩսʿǣһٺ˵ѩصҲǣǿս֮ǻҪѩأвȷˡ
ĵط, Ҫ
ķݱڱ𴦿ĶҪ, ֵܸɾûضʲôԵԲСǻЦŴԶȥƺǸȥϿΡ
Ͽʲô, Ҳ֪
һ, ƺǸţǿոµһ, ٿԼֲڵֽź, о߽ȥҪ˵طһ
һ࿴ţûȽȥһ
ǲûоܾ, ΪǿԶ񱼶Ļˡ
Ǳ, ϽǽȥԶ, »顣ѩ峤ױֱܹ֮Ӿͻ˵
ͷ󺹣ææ˵죬ߣûʱˡ
¹ѩǲԣɫһɿĸ峤
ȵʳ֮峤״ߴٵ죬źöӣԵģٶȿ㡣
ѩŶûӾͰʳﶼˣ峤׿ǣӻ֣ϣϣȥϢǽȥúõϢһҪȥ¡
һֶɿߵ·ȥȵ˵ط֮󣬻û˵ǰѩսʿҽܵ峤ףҵʸ˾ˣǺúϢסᣬԺͥ
峤˵˾ܣһֵû£˾Ѿˡ
ⲻܲаԴӲôľӢսʿ֮˾ͲˣΪ˲ѽɥĲСǰѻõ˼°
ֻҪϻôĹûͷƤ飬ٵȥҪ˯໣
µѩǣű˵峤
Ǻܿͱζˣ㰡ʲô
¿գҸոˡһѩ˵
ȥܺóԵӣո˵ǳԵĶ𣿡һѩʵ
ǵģ˵緹ȻǺúϢ˵ѩ˿ϵĻգ̲סҧһڣ桢óԡ
˼״Ҳ׷׳Ͼζ̫黢ˡ
¿ǳεģμ࣬һģм±õ⣬һȥرִࡣʱ䳤͸ȥɫۣζ೤ʿڡ
ܿģ˾ͳζʳˣһ߳һ߿佱ţĸж
ս֮ǵһӵūܶ˶ûУѩأȫǰȫУȵʳǳҸ
һ̣Ưֵ̿ģǰ
һ߳ţһ߿ָǵᣬڵİ趼£Ǳͷһ֪µĻûбʹù
Ǵûסôõķӣǰͺ۷ʱڣҲûеõƴ
˵ڵЩˣܶˣû
ǵſĶԽԽ࣬ĵ𺳾ԽԽУǽףԼˣȫˣѩǻӭǵģǻˡ
ܳԱӺѾˣЩζʳ⣬ǻ㱵þͺһ㡣
⡭
һѩŵذ壬˵Ǹס𣿡
Եúܿ죬ǰǻ⣬ϰߣʳǺʧģЩϧԼղųԵͷҲ̧Ǻܿģûôעʳˡ
⻬ĵ棬СĺõطӦøסİ
ս֮ǣѩսʿûġ
ӦǸ˰ɣ
Ҳá
Ȼģֹһôġ
ո˵סģǡôáǿӣӴ̨£һҵġ
Ǿɣոҿ峤æӣܶ飬ǵȥûʲôҪæġ
ѩ߲˵껰ͼһȺȫߴٵԶԶԣûھ͹ȥæ
ԵģôʱҲǸսʿҶ
֪ģ·Щð˵ڽ跿ӣұûУеġ
ûûԸħ޲УŪʯͷѵ𣿡
ߡ
һ˱˵ߣôļ·ҵһ㡣

184 ٪Ĺ

٪һҴŹ
ѩ, ʱһסĵؾյѩصؾϢҪ, û͸
Ĳ˵, ססԲԵĶûʲô, ˵ǣѩص˾Ȼץؾ
ץؾĻôӦҲǲץ٪壬Եҹһеؾ٪ҹɫ͵͵ˡ
˵ʵ, ѩصʱҲǺܵĵģϾѩصؾȥϢʵ̫˼ˣǵѩصʱ򣬾ˡ
ոѩصʱʵʲôûе, һõ·, һЩ·ҰӡӵܳԵġ
ѩսʿǲû, ܸ˵ĸĵؾ٪ṩ
ǴûбôԴһµʱ, εĴ, ѾӲڵϣƶƮһ
֪, ½, ؾ٪塢ˡˡ, ˭ץ˭ūŪҲû˹ܵ֡
쿪ʼȴܹѩϣѩ岿ĴСůԼϣСǺһˣ
٪Ůļ϶̧ͷպÿԶһȺѩ߹Цֻһѩ塣
ѽģҿ٪̧ͷȿˣЦǣѩ˻á
С˵ѩսʿǵĳ֣Ǹ̫İȫˣÿѩ˻Ҳ൱ĸ˵ģԽԽãöǾʲôˡ
ǰ˺ðǾ͸ˡ٪忴Ǳһ֮ЦЦ˵ҪúøɻԺһôɣҪϧ
ǲŲ͵أǺ٪ģһ鶼ɵúúõġҲٻȥˣܺãԺǶסû۸ˣÿ춼ܿĵġ٪Ů˵
ǰǲŲҪȥأֻҪһֱлɣѩ߾Ϳ϶Ҫ˵ģǻҪȵؾЩ˸ɵøòУԺйˣ϶ǵһһġ٪ϴЦ
ǾǣǺܰģҲҪѩǺܰ컹˵ˣҲǾߵĹʸߣ̫ˡҪúøɻģ٪Ůϴŵߣľã˻ǲҪĺá
ԣԲǰѻˡ٪ĸš
Уģǿ͡٪˵գš
Ҫ֮ǰһƬ꣬Ȼܶ࣬ǴҲǺܺõģǺԸ๤
ֻҪŬò˶ãҲѩӵһԼķˣ˭Ҳܸˡ
٪ŮϢһ֮󣬾ͼժƻˡ
ϹһɫСƻǵĹѰЩͷСĺ˵ƻȻСǸ
ȻҲ֪ΪʲôҪôƬƻֵѩսʿô˵ģǾôˡ
һͺˣǼͣ٪꿴һеĹЦЦʼͶš
СİСƻԼ˵ĸ
Ȱһ֮٪ͿʼϼƻˣȻЩƻûзã͵ʳ֮󣬻ѩսʿġ
ǰЩƻһװ棬װ֮󣬾һ˵ֳͣ档
ѩṩĹóѧܼ򵥵ģħ˶ܹʹá
ǽ㣬ˡ٪˵
ǵĸ磬һúøɻ٪ŮЦһġ
䣬٪ŮĻЦЦ˵úøɣȥгԵˣ֪ʲô
͵⡣٪Ůŵʱڵµĸ˵ģ͸һգԱһС
𣿡٪ʱ˾˵̫ˣϺúõĳԵ㡣
Ű
紵ƻ֣֦ҶҡΣƬƬƻȥرϲˡǰװƻֳߺٵľ
ȻƬƬƻ֣벻ǹ͡
ƻֵһߣǻæŴɫҰףֽŷˡ
Ǻ޺޵ĿԶŵѩǣţҪĶ̫óˣ߾ˣ
Զĵطոջѩǻϲصģʯͷְ֮峤״ǱߵĽ⣬ÿҲܸܵǻһͿҪһĿ֡
ǵɫӵѿˡ
ڸɻҪԱȳǲһ
ǣû˵ģǸӿٵĴˡ

185 ջľ

ս֮Ƿŷɳѩ, һȺĳѩȥ
Ҷսʿܶ໹ǾӢսʿ, ǰٶر, ·ħ, ҲҿڿôһȺѩսʿ󣬸ԶľԾܵˡ
ˣٸϸǾܻȥˡ˵
û˷ʱ, Ȼᷢܿµ顣ʱġ
Դӻصѩ֮ǾͻһæĹ档
ɻȻڱԹţʵﻹǺܿĵġ
ǵŬ֮£һһִʱ, ÿ춼۰Ͱ͵, ʲôʱܹص䡣
, ʱ򣬵ؾǱߵľӦҲ, ȥʱ, ȥջˡֻҪһ뵽ȲҪȥˡ
ʲôľһս֮ǵѩսʿܱʵ
Ե, ѩóԶˡľ˵
Ȼ˭ҲûгԹľ, ǲô˵, ϶ǱѩóԵġ
ſ۰ľ̾˿˵ǵؾʳڿջˣҪϻȥС
ľǳͺҲأɽ϶ֲĶҲǳߣƽңߵܹﵽ֡ԶգǹǳЦ
˵⻰ʱ򣬿ǰһһȺսʿָӽֺ˺ܾãŪ֮ˡ
ǡôʳﰡ
˵ǵ֮һѩսʿֺǺǵ˵š
ս֮ǻսʿЩǿȵòУ˵ǾǺöööʳ˰
̫ˣҶ㣬ȥܹջˡһѩսʿЦһȻźսʿ˵
ϣҪȥջ񡣡
ԶԶԡ
ܿ㣡
һȺѩսʿ˼֮ڵѩ岿䡣
ʱС㻹ˮ·棬˳Ϊ̫֮׼
;ˮ·ֱģ·߹ȥ㡣СָŻõͼֽŲѩ˵ϳģͨѩģͨѩϣѩرЩ·һҪ
֮ҪģʻԱƽֱ·ʻˣȱйٴ̼׾ƣͣٶȸкͿٷӦҲʱ򣬿ֱշ쭳**
þעСѡӦݺʻӶٳķ
С˵ţʱ
˵
峤㣬ս֮ǵǻˣҶˡҢæ˵Ӿ֪ܵͦġ
峤Ϣ۾ʱһǾôƺˣ㣬ȥǡ
Сеͼֽһţ˵ɢᡣ
ǶЦųȥˣ峤׼̵ģʹСȥˡ
ʱҲţߵû߶ãˡ
峤׿ЩսʿǣϵЦòУ˶·˺üһЩ˵һ֮תͷС㣬ôţ
ȥջľɣؾǱѾæòˣҪȥģڸպáС˵
֮ǰȥˣľѾҶӿʼ̱ƣҶ䣬龥ķɫԽԽˡĦʱľıƤ䣬ջĺʱ
ڷʲôģЩǻûлʱ򣬾Ѿ׼ˣòģҶǹ飬һصģһѩ˳ܹܺõĸˡ
ոջսʿ⻰۾Ҳһ
ǳ棬ʵҲûжãУ滹ǸһеģЩʳйصģӰ
ǣһȺǺƺƵĳľֲȥˡ
˲֮ǾͿһƬأĵغܴܴ󣬿ջԱͺˣֻһЩؾѩˡ
ɴ˾ͿԿ֮ǰõʵ٣ھûķˣһսʿع֮˷ʱûôˡ
ʱ䣬С׶԰֮󣬻Ҫæģ⵹СǵĶץʱջĻǾͰæˡ
֮ǰҲˣС뵽ʱĳЩһѾЩСƨƨߵȥջ񣬿ĵòˣữεС̶۰Ͱ͵ĿҪССԲԲڿữεСջʱ򣬿˵ǷǳĽˡ
ˣЩҪľջˣʱ󲿷ȥСȡľۡľۿɼӹɷ˿ϺƬɡơƵʳƷ̲顢ˮϺȵĽƤȣʱʳֿԷḻ˵ˡ
С˵еڴģϾ֮ǰȻ̲ŪˣûУ˵ѩصһСҰģڿˡ
ĻҲȥˣѾʳ˵ˣʱֱӰձڵһ٣ϻȥԺõ㣬ˣӦû¿տѡ
С˵꣬ЦЦ˵ˣһɻɡ
ѩսʿǷ׷Ӧţɾʮˡ
˵ɻʲôĶ⣬ܹԱУңȻǲŸոմս֮ǻѩص˵ģѾǰȫһˡ
ʱҲۼĲ䣬ĺðõǶӯˡ
ʱоûʲôͷǾãܹص䣬̫ˡ
һȺѩսʿǣľȻĸŻһֱԷʱ䡣
ʱʳõѩսʿҲѾֳ緹͹ˡ
ȻǳԷʱҪðһģȻײһĻʳøæ
ûбȸĳһ٣ҪҸˡ
СҲ⣬ڸ֮ҲǶˣ˶ĵһ⵹ʲôȨǣڳ˶󣬲ô˵һʵʵС̵ġ
ŵζˣ㡣һѩսʿʿˮ
Ҳŵˡ
ǰģ̫ˣ´һҪץʱ䡣
ǰѹô졣
Ŷӵѩսʿϲ˵㼱кڴѾֵʳѩսʿǳԵͷ̧
ѩԭսʿǸոջս֮ǵսʿҶԵúܿ죬˵ҲһȥʱѩػûôóԵġ
ǸʱãǿֵܿĳһҲ壬ڳԵͬʳ֮Ҹ۾ãʳԶԲ塣
̫ˣǳȥʱ򣬻ûа˵
ȥ֮Ļǲʳãû뵽ֳԵǰûгԵĶ
ѩصѩսʿЩͱȥûģѾЩһֱս֮ǵսʿǾûѩصѩôˡ
ǳԷʱ򲻺ûΣͱɻˡ
һٴ֮ѾսʿɻǱߴˣòˣ·Ҫȫ綼֪һ㡣

186 ѩ

ԱߵսʿǸֻЦ, СЦЦԷ
ڵĲð
峤ʶĸ̾, һͷ, ֿ˿ߵսʿ, ¶οЦݡ
ʳֿʳǶߡ̫ˡ
ˣ峤ԺĲа, ߵĹģս֮Ǵˡ
СͻȻһ˵
峤һ͡
⡢ͳˣ
룬ȷʵġ
峤ôСһڴĿ峤ס
峤ͻȻЩţĿС㣬ѵҪʲô𣿡
, Ҹʱһ, ˳ʳֵʲôĶ, ٽѡС˵
峤Īһ˵Ȼ, ǾͰɡ
˵⻰, ԼЩˡ
оô򵥣
ȷʵǺô˰
Сõ׼֮ϵЦӵŨˡ
һѩսʿһֱæµ̫ɽ, Ŷȥˡ
ڶʱ, СһͰǶۼˡ
èɵĹ㳡, Χкܶè壬Ҫһèɵġ
Ȼˣֻܶצצ֡
ѩսʿһɻ⻹ǵһȫԱϵģǵվӶ룬ưġ
֣ͷ˵˭˵ĸо
Χһ׼ɵèսʿǣëôѩ嶼ۼһĪʲô·ˣ
·Щҹ浽ϵðҲǲдߵħˣѩҪĳطˡ
СûЩֵģĿɨѩսʿǣվ˳˵μҲûʲô飬һ£ǲԺĳѩˡ
ǸӣѩеĵһҶۣˮʲôĶڡ
Сôûбʲô˼׬ǮϢʵԭҲûôģŪõ㣬֪ѩؾͳ˸弯ķҵǡ
峤֪Ϣˣ˿̵ӻȣѩǾͨͨȫǴˡ
ǴûһԼĲ䣬Ȼ˳С
룬ǵĲȷʵǱĳҪúðкܶܶˣкܶܶĶ
Ҫ𣿡һѩսʿͷСʵ
ţӽ쿪ʼǾͲǲˣԺ󶼽ѩǡ峤׳˵
Ǳɳˣ
ԣûҲû
ǡ
Ժǳˡ
һѩǿʼϲ˽ţԽԽ󣬵涼һƬˡ
׶˾˷ܵòˡ
һ˲䣬˱ɻκţ˻ϲıһ˸˵òԼСǶֵСκ죬һܽԺӡ
Сһ֮˵ˣǻҪٿʮһ꣬ţзʳǧţ߲ƴţϺϺóԵͦģչԼȥҹɡ
һ˲䣬ˡ
Ҫ˵䣬ϲ˭СˣΪ峤ʲôĻһҪǮģÿС㿪ˣҶܹúõıһ¿ζʳ
Ȼÿʱ˶ѡˣƽѹեҵģҲͬһˡ
ȵѩǣȫǼǳԲǴļһ
С֮èðҲһд·ͺá
ðǻţȥò˵ѩľƣǱöˣʲôƷֵĻУʵǺȵЩˣҪúϢһ²С
һðߴ˸ã·ţ񡢺ʲô鷢˰
΢룬ûˡ
¶ˮӨҰɫ£ˡˡ˵ȶѩ岿䣬һѩ岿䣬Ѿĳѩǵˡ
⡢̫˼˰ɣ˲ŵ
½ϣһжٸУǶģǳĳУǸˣԤУѩĳУԺһģھѾˣȻҲǱ߹
˻Ϊѩ飬֪˶ٻأʼǹģȻˣðҲУֻ˻ʸסЩѱðǡ
ڣҲΪѩ岿䷢չ̫ˣ˻סѹɿڵģЩ˲Ÿոյѩأⲿͱˡ
ѩǲ˵ûʲôоǵҫ֮һֱǴǡ
ҪǣѩĶдȥ׬ģͲѩһģһЩ
ҲЩҲûϵҪĻǻҽҶ׼𣿡ŵĿ֣˵ѩսʿˡ
˼״Ҳ󣬶԰ǾǸˣôʲôѡҪ
ܿģ˾͸ڸԵѩսʿ뿪ˣѡȻܻӭèˡ
ˡѩսʿ˵
ˣҿ
Ǹ޴Ĳֿ⣬˱ҶҪ־ǿټһʹƵĿ֣Ҫԭδˡ
ûжԥģֱӾèо
ҶƬϿҶƬͨıҪһЩҶƬɫ΢ףһϸСëоеë׵ġϸľͨɾһεġζȱıɵζҪһ㡣
ûˣ֮ǰðǴȥèɡ
ǸѩֲʱоˣҳĻûʲôôҲûʲôҲǳģֻζŪһЩǿġ
ȿȣȻˣܶ걪ҲϲȥԼģԼҲ١
Ϊ㣬һ֪Ϣ͹ģǱߵľȽԶԲʱ䣬ȻͰѻȥˡ
ȥ￴𣿡˽˵
û⣬ڹҲڵȥкˡѩսʿ˵
ʵ룬ǱһֱйڵģҪǣʱʱҪ͵è̫ˣû߿ô࣬Ҫ߿ˣǾͲҪջˡ
ѩսʿ·ܿ죬˵ٶҲ˺ܿ͵˵ط
ˡѩ˲ûдű߽ȥǾվصԱߡ
ôһƬȫǣˡ
ʵһʼûôģִҶϲͶ˵㣬ȻҪǹ߸Ǹ˷ֳɵģǺġѩսʿЦЦ
ָŵè˵۷䣬èһ㿪ɫģҲаɫġȻл֮󣬾ܳöӲժŵҲеģ᳤ܶСҲԵڶٲ֡
èɲ¶ҪڻһֱҲû¡˵ѩʱЩҶӿܻή괺죬ֻᷢµ֦Ӻѿѩսʿ˵űˣǶԼһèɵģͷ̨ϡ
붮

187 Ǯ

һ¸µ·
˵۾һ, Ȼһ˵Ȼ, Ҳһӻȥˡ
Ĳ˵, ԼŨҵζ, ֪Ǻõġ
οΧôڶţȥĻ϶Ǻܳġ
ڿ޵ǸöҶת㡣
õ, ʱҪҸáѩսʿЦˣнèɵĻһҪصĶȥ
űһ㣬˵Ӧǿ, ֲ, ֻ豣֤ó, ûʲôģèɶˮʪ͸ɺкǿ
˵˵ͷ, ԼؾѾоèˡ
ֲֻ豻΢شͻɢŨҶӵζ, ŵζ쳣˷ܲĴèɿĵسϼ, еͻȻ, ַӦһ
Ҳ, èûΣյģŵζֻҪˣһͻָʧȥֲȤʱͨҲᳬһСʱģǶèһκҪСʱ֮Ż¶Ȥ
ҲΪˣȻ޺ܹǲԿֲŻôĳֻҪлûġ
ɢɵˣð߻ѩذèɸȥ
һ뿴ǵĳƷߡ˵
û⣬߰ɣڵĵӦûţǲ֪ûҲбĵط˹ġѩսʿ˵
ܻӭëʣ˻ĥץ塭
ѩսʿһ˵ţһߴűҵȥҲ˵èɵ飬˵ߵ
໡
ͻȻĺֱӾͰѱ˸һתͷ˹ȥһѩսʿһҪ˵ӣǱ߿顣
Աߣһ߸С̣ͬƣͬı飬Ǳ߿顣
ѩսʿһۣĵ⣬ЩǿԲģʵڲоȥ£Ҫһֱһв
Īģ˴˸
ùǣǱǸСѧģЩС̶׶԰ģ֮ǰ࣬ںˣ˶ˣЩһǸһˣ̫ˣ峤пհЩ
ѩսʿ˵˵ȥˣΪǿˣǽһͷǱߵһĬӰͬƣͬı飬Ǳ߿顣
ˣҸո˵ˣѩսʿĿڵҸ㰡èһζζнⶾٻ࣬ɢ֮ЧаҲǺõġ
ˣ
ʵ֤ڽèϣѩսʿȷʵרҵġ
˼ǰţĿҲǿʲô׬ҵģô룬ͿԼСӣ˷ܵĳһȥ
СϾѩԼ̫һ˰߹гжҪúá
ߵ˸ոմʳ֣һͿ˺ܶܶˡ
̫˰ȥкܶóԵģҪȳʲôأ
СϾԼҪ侲һˣóոèһʱͱƮƮĸоˣȻҸشˡ
Աߵʯ·ϣһðߴıүñӵһۣȻ߿ȥһèɿ㡣
ǸɵӣҪ̲סԼǰĳԷˣǸʱͷ˺ö࣬ʣµԼС
;ɵûºúõһèɿײͲ
ԼǸɵСӣÿθèɣͻῴֱһȫͬı̣ͣΪ̸ˡ
Ѿ˰ѾðˣЩ껹׬˲ٵǮģٹһ£򷿵ˣʱҪѼＸӹס
ʱ򣬱үèһĶɻ
Сݡݺ͹βͲݣݡݡèǸڷˣ΢΢ϴЦҼˡ
ѹ֣
үֵĵ˵ͷ˵úչˣҼҵСҲˡ
šè΢΢˵ͷߵԼλȥ
˻ҫ귿Ӻ̣ͿʼԳ
ʱ򣬱СҲѾˣèеĶԥŵԼҪҪҲȥȥ
ϾҲкЩè˵ģôζèݣôųԾôųԣҪǣܰǰëŻЧֹë
Сϵ˼һ˲䣬ĿͱĿĸԷˣʱѾûèˣû׬ˣʲôûˣֻúõĳһ١
ˣȻɫˣһݣҪˡСϿȵòУԼϷǮҿȥȲӡ
ϣһ¡ѩ˵
û£û£װͺáСԭؼصͻȻģиƺͷϡ
С϶ʱŭˣҪ֪ҲǸսʿģ˭
ʦҾģⲻǸպõԷʱȥġæ˵
𣿡˵
ǵģǵģҾԲ͵ܳģҾʦӦöˣר򷹵ģû뵽ôɰ㿴Сֺõ
ߡ
һǾùɡ
ϣϾ͸ˡȥ˵ʱ򣬱СϵֱѪ
ùģʦ
СϸǮ󣬼ǿ΢Цš
ʱһȺֵҲˣΪ壬Ǳͱ֪Ϣ磬ǰͳˣȻôٲŹȫΪ;ܲ·ԭ
ЩǴĲԭһһ˴Ϊܵġ
˵ȫ½óԵʳΪ壬ǲܳԼûԹģǰƲʣĲ˵ѩصΣվ̭˲ٵˣ·ҲûµľǲСİԼˣϾ֮ǰ˻ʵǻ֪ġ
ڿЩѩгȥȥûºǾͶˣպʱҲ˻ɿˣǾ͵һˡ
ģߵķӣȻÿôáһˡ
˵һĻܹ⣬ϾҪסñȱ˶õģôֻҪùȥģȫոµİɫ̫ˡ
ʵ̫ˣѹʫ˵ѩնʯݣȫ½һҡһŮԹһ㶼ĵ
ʯʯ̾͵Բ׶ӣѩеķòӦֻйסĵطȴÿӶʵ̫ˡ
ӦģŶ̲ʵ̫úˡеֵ̲裬ȫǾϲɫ
ԱûʲôȤһʹȥԵˡ
ѽǿˣˣ
ǰǰ̫ˡ
Ǳкܶˣǿȥʲô
ߣ

188 ʼ

ѩĳѾúܺ, жֲѩزõ, Ƭŷҡչ, ççԲԵɫ׺ŰɫԲ׶ķ, ȥ·Զ֡
ѩĹڸɾĽֵȫǲ;ϲ
ȥܶĵطҲܶĶȴûĸһ, ͸ôľϲġ
Ȼÿһģޣ̫˵ǸŮˣƢºͣǿ۹廹ƽסһõʱлǸӵġ
ߺûй塣ͦε꿴Զ˵
ǳ, ЩԲʯرİ, ⵥ֮, ʯ·Ľֵϣһĸо, Ƣ̫õ, Ҳһ㶼﷢Ƣ
ע⵽ˣߵķΧҲĵط, ûð˵ܾʹ, ҲûЩضеͲеĶ
Щ˶ضĵط, ڽֱ߻߷ӽشС㡣
ĻҰɫʯݣ𾪵ǣкܶ壬ЩС壬ҲһСϡ
·ɵģû˹ţַ·ʲôţԲ˵ľ
̫˼ˡһ˸̾
ѩصһˣֵ̫ˣطȫһ
ݳޣʵҲˣ֮Ǻһ㣬ǺѩҲȫܱȰ
ոµķݣɾĽֵ͹òЩǳɫĴСʲôģʲôȱ
ԲʯƷ꣬еħ޲еѩɫʳƷСƷƷģȫʯմߡ
ǱӦþʳˣ֮ǰ˵ǵ¶ȥһŻĹŮ˵
ֳܿɵѩ̣һۿȥ֪ЩǲữεС̡
ǿʱ򣬱ǻţȷפþֵ
飬ͺʶΣյĴһ㣬ѩ̻ỷܣǻûʲôͷٵļܵˡ
ѩܵúܿ죬ܻ߻ͷǣֱԶˣŻ½Ų
໡ˡ
ϵʱЩС̻ͼһħʦǸߣ֪ˣҵ˺ܶı顣
һ㶼ӽȥģ˦˦βͣһطɹ̫ȥˣò׷ż٣ŲҪ˷ʱ
֮һйּţߵֵĵʱ򣬿һѩսʿһ˴źüС̡
ڿǵʱһ첽˼ȻֱӰһСһŮ˵㡣
Ů;ˣҵģ
ţһѩսʿ˵
˿ЩˣҪ֪ѩ̣Ӧÿط̶ǿúεġ
ǺܿͲˣ϶Ц⡣
ţԽԽ˷֣ѩ飬̶档
սʿߵС̶ȥ֮һЩС̫ˣȥǱƭƭȺˡ
ͬʱһ̣СԺ汳ţǲӦõִ
໣֪ˡ
̫ˣԺһú彨Ӱ໢ġ
̱뿴ֱҪЦˡ
ʦ˵ЩС̶ûģԺҪúά½ĺƽ
Ϊһֻһֻû˰ѩˡû˰ѩ̣û˽
Сæˣʳ֡ð߹ᣬʲôҪܡ
ð߹ᣬڳڣȽ϶࣬ʱĻҲãϾôðߣǲɼֲϻͦõģðջ֣ʡǮʡ
ڳнԽԽˣС㻹Ҫİֿ飬罨Ѻð߻أѺðйصĹЩһǲȥġ
罨ǵ䵱һˣǱһѩսʿԼĵ̣һؾ˵ȸ忪ĵ̣һðǵСӣԼס
罨гУʳ֣סԼ۹ˡ
С˺ܶ࣬ôõģЩѩսʿյϢ֮󣬾½½Ŀʼˡ
괺ʱǻԸһ·زٸ߲㽨Ԣ¥Ȼסһһأ̫˷ѵˣ
Сһƻʱͳüˣ̫˰
ҹɫ֪ˣѩǵðǺܿģѩǵĸܿģȻˣĵĻѩǵǡ
ǱˣһʱھͶ˲ٵĶһʹ߻زġ
֮ǰ֪ľޤèڲͬƷֲֵͬʹǲƵ˷ܷӦ֣ԼľޤķӦèԣоƮƮȻģ
ͬģڿݾƵסοǣҲΪѩ̵ĽӴܿģֻǲ֪
ѩѵǴʼ

189 Σյ

ڶ, οǾͼˡ
ǵʳڵʱ򣬼ֱǲ˼ˣĶðߡ
ʵǱǲֵ, Ȥһʳ֣ǰ·ϵʱ·ðǵĴ, Źġ
߽ʳֵʱǸо궼Լ, ûбԭ򣬾ߵζʵ̫ˡ
Ǹոճ˵㶫, ʱҲҪٳԵ, , ӦǻҪٳԺöࡣ
ӷ׵Ĺ̲סģһڿеζ, ȻҲͣһҵȥˡ
Ǹѩսʿڿ, ֪İ, Ͼÿ춼ڳ, ûм˰ѿŪģСС, Ҫһһġ
̫, ζǸ㰡
ܶ, ʱ, ȹŶӽǮ, ոպãֱӾͽӹеĿ⡣
ֵ˿տ̾һ
ǰûз֣ܹʳôģھƵʱΪЩʳóԵˣû뵽߾ȻиóԵġ
̫ˡ
һ⣬ζȻ൱֣ҪԣǳҪԵĸо
µǣûгԣǾãʳһܺóԡ
ûԥģֱտͳ
ʼʱֻ볢һ¡
ڳ˵һ֮ͿʼƲסԼˡ
⾿һʳﰡ
ʵ̫ζˡ
˼
ֺ;ͱӿˡ
ƽʱĻǲȥԣֵͼ۵ʳġ
ǳ⣬ԼѡЩõġ
ǽʵ̫ˡ
ȫûзģͱζˡ
ζôһŮʵ
ʵҲԵġ
ֻǱߵðʵ̫ˣеȥǳһʳ
š
ֵĹˣƲסԼʵһ㶼˵ģˣҲû˼ˣϾһطġ
һ߳տһ΢ӦͲˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ʱԺȫǷɣ궼Ҫжսˡ
ٺóԲʳˡ
ôţѾְտ͵ͱߣȻݺݵҧ˺ü⴮һ߳Իһʾȥ
⡭ôó𣿡
ŮŶԷӵĹ⡣
Ȼر㣬ʲôûԹѽȻô˵ǰԵôϺڡ
ʱɹȥҲѾѶˡ
һŮӹһտЩɻҧһڡ
һȥ
ͷͶѾԼˡ
һݵζ
ͷ·һ̵ֿģҪʳζ
ûƷʳһֱ⣬ڳ֮󣬾ͷ·Ŀȫˡ
̫óˡŮڼ򵥵ľ׽˼֮󣬾Ϳٵȥ
˵仰֮Ͳ˵ˡ
Դе⴮Ҳûǰĺˣȡ֮һȲĿٵƷ
½е⴮ֱ֮һѰеտȫõԼˡ
ûбԭ̫ϲѩʳˡ
ָоǴûгԹʳһ
Ӧ˵ȷʵǴûгԹζĺϺʳ
Ůһ̳׵ˡ
ͣԺ꣬ʲô룬ֻڴʳʡ
궯ģ·ѱһ㣬һ̰
Щ˵ȣֻ֣ĬĬƷɫѩʳ
˿˵ﻹװ׷Ҳȥˡ
ǲȱٽң֮ǰûֻǿѩʳԼⲻ߼Ĳϰˡ
õʳЩĹǷ׷׳
찡⾿ʲôģ
̫ˣôóԡ
ҸҴģ϶Ǵ½óԵʳˣ̫ˣҴûгԹôóԵʳ
óԡ
⿾ζɱƽʱԵЩʳóһˡ
һƷտǣ޵öˡ
տʵ̫óˡ
óԵǸĵطȥֻһֱš
˵һ̣˵뷨ǺһµˡǾǣҪһֱš
ΪζʳѾװǸ²סˡ
ߣΪÿ춼ܹԵôζʳѾʼţѻտѩսʿȥˡ
֪ģ뿪طĻǾûζʳԳˡ
ʱǾʶ˼ôһѩսʿٳִˡ
Σյ뷨ðͷͱǰȥˡ
˵ٳѩսʿˣ﷢ͻĻܹܲ߳ѩضһ⡣
οѩעģһλˡ
˻Ϊ棬ϧһзսˣ󻹲ʲôûеõ⳥һѽҡ
Ϣȥʱ˶ˡ
֪ѩǿȴûѾǿزˡ
ҲһһƫʶСѩ塣
Ͼѩѩ屾ǿ֮һֻһֱסѩ壬ԲžöԷС
һ̻ʵĳţǴҲЩܲˣʱǲԼжģֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿŸԵˡ
һӦģǸֵ壬һ̵ܿˣڳԵô뱥֮˵Ҳȥ԰ɡ
ôһ˵˶ʱͼˣܹѵսʿİΧ£Ҳ޷ֿġ
һжһҵӿˣҵȻĿǵģЩҲνǱϲܵģ氮ƽϵЩ˶ڹæȨأʱ
ЩһĻǻ֣ǵͷֱȥˡ
ǺҲûȫߣųȥ֮Ȼԭرͷš
ڳѩʳ֮Ҿǰǰ׳ԵģЩͲһӦóԵġ
ͬ⻰ǰûЩǲܳԡ
ζֱ˾ްһԹóԵʳˣϧˣǱûеġ
ҪѩܹȥͺˣԸ⸶Ľҵġһ¶ڴ˵š
ҡҡͷ˵ܵģѩǲ˸ųȥʱ򣬲˵ߺҪˣҪʲôУʲôɳչѩء
ѵǾûбİ취𣿡˵ЩƵҧһһ
ǲˣԺһŮ߳Ա˵š
ʵ̫ôûò飬⣬ʵ̫Ȥˣݺݵȥ˵ս֮ǲǿһҵ𣿡
ǰǱ߲ǻûôǱߵʳģеǱߺܶ඼ûСƲֵ˵š
ǿȥǱ߿갡϶ܶϲģû۹⡭Ǿ͸ˣʱǿԼ԰Ů˵˫۷
ûʲôİˣǼܹһֱԵѩʳĻôʲôԸġ
˿ˣλǲͬġһЦЦ֮ԼҲţǰҪǰѵ꿪Ǳ߾ͺˡ
˻ͬĻ˻ֱӻһĻ
뷨ðˡ
ϽҡҡͷԼ治뷨ϽʧֻԽԽ뷨ȥ˺һ֮һ³տ
Ҳһ˲İ£ȻҶ뵽һȥˣջǺܿͻԾ
ҸոտˣǱߵð˵ըơǾ䣬ŶˣŮԳԵըͿ֣Ҳȥ
ĶǶడǸҲҪһС˵ŮһĿģռ侫£˵ʱʲôĸо
ҪǿȥŶӣζ̫ˣˣȵȣǸҲҪһ㡣һ侲ĹʱҲûԥȷʵϲЩġ
ȻǰԼϲΪûЩѩصʳ뵽ˣܰѻʳѩսʿȥĻôʱͶ㣬ʱܹȥġ
ҪȻһʱһʱ˹ҲǿԵģ֮ҲԲôζʳĻǻᷢƢġ
ɺȶҪһ㣬ǸץȥҲһŮ˵
ܲţʲôǱΧ˺ö˰Ӧúܺó԰ɣŮһĿǱߣָָ˵ҲҪ
Աߵ͹ȥŶˣΪ˿㣬ñ˸Լλá
СӣЩԲԲĶҴӿȥҲˣǰĶ򼸷ݹ
ζʳﲻٰǰ׳ˣҶ޲ûԹŶӰЩĶϡ
ʱĹǻЦż˵ʳһ˵һš
û֮ǰĻ⣬ٵģðͬ뷨ֻǣһ̣Щ뷨СˣһСԼûע⡣

190 ͵ʳѩ

еһοȻеڶο͵ġ
һЩ鰵Ⱥ, ǺЩ˲̫һ˵棬ʵ۲˵ѰҺĻһ㡣
ڵѩ֮, ǾڿݾƵסˡ
Ⲣ˵ûǮȥסЩõĺƵ꣬ߺ, ˵ӷ̽Ϣ
ѩķԱ뿪֮, һ鰵ĺڷħʦͰŸˡ
ߺʵǲһܷ, ǰȥֵʱΪǱʺ, û뵽, ·ϣЩҲôͷ߸̾һ, ȻĿתϱߵļˡ
, ü, Щ˵ҪΪҲ֪ڸʲô, ѩѾǰѩˡ
û, ûʲô, ֮ǰ˳Ժסġһɵսʿæϵ
Ȼʱ, ȷʵѩսʿ, Ūô, Ǻ˱ȣԩģϰˡ
׷ҵĿĿЩСӣ˵òҪһΡ
ᣬᣬˡ
սµһæ˵֪ģûôУ嶼û˼ѩ£οǼġ
ô˵Ϊ˳ϣߵȷʵǵϡ
ԭֻΪѩˣѩطչͦˣܹŪǮ֮Ǿͷ֣ⲻеǮ
ЩѩǺǮԵúãסúãһ·ǿôĶôˣǾۺˡ
һֱǶãѩò˵ģǮҲǮȥ񿴿ЩˣոǸûһսѩԱ˺·
ЩԵģ˵ˣԵǶͣˡ
ʱǾʶˣѩеһУסĶ鰵ز֪˶ٱ
Ҳôһ룬ǸʱˣҲûĶ֣Ǹͷͱϸˡ
֪ͺãѩǰýǲˡ뷢԰׵ºɫףϡ
Ҳ׷ЩһǣٿЩѩǣеԼԿʱ
һʱ򣬲ҷҲȫ
ʵҾãҲԺЩһģ֮ǰʱǲ׼뿪ҾͲˣߵĶȫˡһ˵
ûǾãЩԴȥһģϾó԰Էħռ棬óڵġһò˵ţһͷڷûôȻǶ鰵ġ
ħռװʳôݳ޵飬ҲɵóˡһӢˬŮЦһ
ʵҲͦġ˵һͯģˣľѣ൱޺Ȼˣ֪ս˭Ҳһ޺ˡ
Ů˿ߵļһ˵ˣֱӿϣ̬
ħռĻȷʵ̫ݳˣȥĻȷʵҪ㶫ߵġһ񰲾°ͣ˼ҲˣעЩѲߵѩսʿħûм
ɫĺڷ˵ͷֹҿõĶһ
һӵģ˵Ŀⶼ˹
ħܶ࣬һ𣬵Ƕ˵ȴûģһнңҲ򣬿ֱˣôЩ˻ȥ鰵Ͳ˵ġ
ѩͲһˣȻǰ˵ѩս飬Ƕǿս֮һأǿɴûѩ廹õħġ
Ӧòõ𡭡
һŮ˾˵ЩԼŪģ
ͣǾûа취ͣΪʲôѩûмħˡ
ŮԱҲһĲ죬úܳԾ顣
ܿܡͯģļһ˿Ҳء
ǲ˰ΪЦЦıôģ·ڿһϷһ㡣
ģҲʲôոչŵħʦ˵ͻȻסˣĿ⣬Ȼһսʿȴվ˹ȥ
ű৵һ´ˣĿᣬ˭
⣬һߴ򹤵ĵؾˣΡΡ˵ˮˮ̲衭
սʿ㶡
ЩΪ飬黹Ǻܿ͵ˣ˵ȥɡ
ؾ˽ȥ֮Ѹٵİѹ̺̲źãȻ˵ϴڳ裬ҪϲĻԹȥ
ؾ˵껰֮󣬾ѸٵˣЩ˿̫ŵؾˡ
Ǹսʿؾˣϵˮ̲裬һȣˣȿȣ
˺üںսʿεţʵǰǻΪѩ˹ǵģûУֻһؾ;ƵƷ
⻰Ҳ½½ˮ̲衣
ǻԻţһ˲Ǣ
ҶûкȹǸѱŮ˵
·˵ʳǱУʱŮԼȥˡһӵ׳˵
أ
ȥһģļһգŴ۾ЩģʱɲҪ˰Ҫġ
Ůһҭѩصʱ򱻸֪ƶ⣬̾˿˵ĺˣҲģ
ǸƢʵǷĲ˰
ϴ㻹ǼһˣһġУ֡˵ļһＸ˸ƣ˼֪ˣҪƽϡ
һӿ˱ƣ˵ţҪʲôУҸ㶵ţǲܿϱˣҪûȢˣ̷ѧ·Сĵ㡣
ȵȣΪʲôǷѧһսʿ˵
Ǻ˵ļһ۵״˵ݣǰ˵ҪĵطסҲҪġ
ˣҾͲʡսʿȻһ˵
ѱŮ˲ͷ˵
ЦЦ˵ˣҶע㣬عҪģͲҪС˷ʱˣʡõʱ鷳
ûҶһܺԼ£ҪġһƤڵ߸͵
ţ˱飬Ȼ֪˿̴ɹһѩսʿĻǡ
Դϴ˴ͷ֮˯ڻսʿҲ̲סˣһͷ˳
ȿȣҪǻˣǲȱĻǸˡ
ʼʱǻǺܵĵģֲ˿֮󣬾Ҳˣֻڲзȥˣš
ȻˣһеʱǶĬĶһС̵ģ֪ΪʲôڿǸС̵ʱǶãбĿܡ
˲أһѩսˣˣţͻȻʵ
֪ȥҡ
ҿȥǸСˣ
ѩս˵ŻԶͻȻһǵҽ

191 ȫץ

С𾪵ĿһŰããĶǰ, ûпĻǼһﳤúѩ˰
ǰһֱãΧʲô, һֱҲ˸ħ󣬽ħиӦ֮, ̾ͳˡ
û뵽סļһȻħ޻ð, һǡ
ǸҲǺø㶨ģûþͼ, ħͳ壬Ȼҵһ, ڳħ
Żǻð, ҲƵˡ
С֮زز֮ŷӦһ, ʱЦˡ
ѩ, Ǹ, ô, ǵѻִʱɡ
ڻ֣ǰӰѩĴ, ̽޵׶, ľûʲôо, Ͼһֱصĵط, ûµʱҲȥ, ö֮ģҲûʲôоˡ
ֻǣĸоˡ
С΢Цţǲħߵܱߣһڽĺڰħ鼮
Ҫ˵϶ڻ˽˭ĻôһǺڰħʦˣǳںЩֵֹĶ򽻵רҵԵġ
СֻǺ棬Ӻ˼ģΪԺʱܹ֪֪˰սʤ˳һԼġ
û뵽ˡ
ܿĿ¼ҵԼҪˣС΢΢һЦȻħʣʼˡ
Сһֱûֻ⡣
Ͼʱ򣬻Ͳ˺ö꣬ûм͸˵ˡ
ڻûô㲻һ޵׶һֻҪĽ͹ȥˣû뵽ôܳԵԭΪ滹סˣ
ǿˡ
ܳԽҵĻ֣ټһȺ͵͵ԽҵѩꡭΪ޵׶ɲû
Сӿ˶Ȼûþ˺ֶܶ̽̽ǵģȽϼ򵥣򵥵ǲ׽ǡ
Ҳûʲô⣬Ϊǰʱú˲٣ֻԤŵģû뵽ˡ
̽СֱӾ˳ȥѲսʿ˵ϣһ̽ǵģһǲ׽ǵģ֪ж٣ץˡ
ѲսʿһĳԾôû뵽Ȼлǣǹʲô
֪ץˣΥ͵ɣַܻ˱˵**ȨпǸ̽ӣСЦ˵
ѩսʿ͵֣ɫһ˵İɣһǶץһҶ٣
õģҵϢ
Сѩսʿ˵ʹˣܿģǵ̽ǾͱˣǵٶȾ͸ӿˡ
һʱ䣬ѩսʿǵץǡ
ҾͲţҲˡСü䣬Цܵ˺ܲ
˲ܳСķ֮󣬾ŵòС
Ҳճģ·ϿǸС֮󣬾ţ˳ؼңЩȤĶ
û뵽һزŽţͱˡ
˵ЩȤĶûˣЩĶûˣԼȥˡ
ôһ룬˲Լǿ̫ˡ
һ˺ܾãֱܵԶ֮űһѩ̻ͣһôϡ
û취̫ˣò׻ܵһҪķѹˡ
˲һֻϵʱѩսʿҲڵץˡЩεڳĻǣɾûңˣһüıŵܡ
໣ΪʲôץǣЩǣܲںˣһѩսʿƿڴƾô˻һֱ
˵ˣǿܰɣһǴǽϷûãһ̽ѩսʿ
ǰ治˲Ľ𣿿϶ͷӸɵ飡ѩţڹսǴһ߲ѵͬ顣
໣ЩСӰǸѧУ˵ҪϰװЩץƫƫƾôץ񣬺˶
û˵ģֻüţǲôܣѩսʿ׷ᡣ
ѲߵѩսʿǸ׵Ļû¾ܹˣϾǰҲǺͺڰħʦģ֪Щô
û뵽ȻôڰһӵģѲ߶Ӷӳɫͱˣһѩսʿ˵УҲй
Ѳ߶ӵƶְģ˭˭飬̫ˣѲ߶Ӷй
ûеԱߵߣʱҲˡ
ô£ǿǶˡһѲ߶ӵĶӳ޴˹ˣϵĹûѵȻһʶ鲻Ծ͹ˡ
ԶģͿ˵ܣʲôˡһѲ߶Ӷӳʵ
ȻܹóǹʱܼЩӳǴ˵ģץ˵Ķһ˲١
̽Ѳ߶Ӷӳ˵ǳ棬˲ٵĺڰ˵һٸ
İ˵ˣһ˵꣬Ѳ߶ӶӳɫҲˡ
ôĺڰȴһûвҪʲôʱǺڰħʦѩˣǲǻʲô֪
ҪǣһѲ߶Ӷӳ޿̵͵ɰ
ӣ˸ŭˡ
ҲûлţǼĻˣֻҪйս飬Ǿû˵ġ
Ѳ߶ӶӳŪִ֮˳ˡ
ѩͲǵѩ岿ˣס˲ٵľӢǸиҵרҵʿŪںڰ̽Ͳ׽Ǻ׵ġ
Ҫóĺڰħæ£ȻˣڻûеǸʱֻҪȥҺؾˣٻץҲһġ
ܿģѩѩǾͶæˣһץһܡʼʱѩǻǺǿ԰ЩǵģԽܣ˾ԽǶ
ؼǣǣǻ֪ΪʲôЩТҪôǣ
һȺžˣǷ׷׻ë׵С̣ġ
ۼǲܴˣеĻǶѡܣǲܰǵܵǱ֮󣬾ͷֶѾл̽ˡ
һȺǱܱûãܵ˲ŵĵطˡ
ҲûֱӾܵһˡ
ô£Щ̫ˣȻʮ֣Ҫܵÿ죬Ҿ͸սȥˣһëɫĻ˵
Һöˣұ׷ţһͷײڰʦȥˣܳˣ̫ˣһݵĻ߲ѡ
ô£ͻȻҪץԲļһ﷢ɻ
̫ˣҲܳˡ˵ĻͻȻһ飬תͷʵ˲ǰʲôţ
԰ˣǾȫץˡ

192 Ƥ

һ˲䣬еĻǶŭĿ˲
˲ΧЩվŻŵϻ, գգ۾, ɿӦôش
ʵ, ˵ǿܲţˤһ£̫ʹˡ˲һ˵
ƭأ㣡ʵëûУܹˤˣһ׳Ļצӣ͵վ
ǲǾãûϹѧĻԾͿƭǣצۻΣյЦ£˵Ϊ˽죬ӿǶ׶԰ܾˣѾǸѧʵĻˣ
ҾãֵԿһˡ˲ϵĻӴ۾׹, ɭɭĿ˲, д׵˼ˡ
ʵ˵Ȼ׼һɢɡ׳Ļӣ˼צӣ׺ݵЦЦ
˲ϻƣô̵ʱڣȫ˲ʶĻ, Ҳݵġ
ʹԴ, ˵ҡҾȥһǸС̡
, һ, ȥǱ߿, ͵˰ɣһӿһŭĿ˲
뵽ˣ֮ǰһͱôɹ
̫ˣһˣ̵ȥ𣿡˲ԱߵĻŭɶ֮Ҳܿ˰ȥԭʲôǲɵӰ
˵ͳ˲˹ȥֻģͷһš
򣡴̰ĵģȻһԶʳˣ
ûǣ쵰͸ñ򣡡
ûôֵĻˣһҪúýһǸٴﶼ֪ܸɻ£ûи̹ԡ
ģ֪ˣһûкúñаٰ˳ܣûط
̫ŭˣûô޳ܵĻֻһֻˣǶˮҳɹǽ޼ҿɹˣлҪ¶ޡ
ҵĺҹ洵磬ֻ˯֦ˡ
㲻ãҪôóӡ
ʱ֮һصĻߵ֦ˣô졣
ûײ㱻ɢ˲ü۵˽󱻻ǡ
ģҪжˡ
ȻˣǰǣǸʼٸ߲С
ڴҿûĸоˣ;ûᡣ
һۣ;צצһ£򻢡
Ҿǿ͵͵ȥʲôʱͲǱˡһӽ
ûԹǽȥ
аǱ߱Ƚ⣬ûȥ
ȥô찡ƤëŸոģһܣˡ
ǲǻزȥ˰֪Ͳܵģںˣȫͨˡ
ǣǣǾƽʱԳ֣ûɻ°
̫ˣûмôҵĻˡ
ȵȣǰΪʲôҪܰһû˵Ļӷɻ
һ˲䣬ȫٴμžˡ
ǰѩģΪʲôҪܰ
еĻٴŭĿ˲
ѩսʿȥץʱСҲûš
ǰʱ򣬾ʹ˼ֻţ׼оģһȺĵؾӱĵطġ
ؾڴ½ʵûʲôλǶصģҲ͵£ʲôԣЩţǴԵģСڿ֮󣬾һЩӰţˡ
ϵͳɨһ£Ȼǰţ
һӵģСЦˡ
ţͬ壬ֻҪ¶ȡʪˣһļɷֳҪǰţȫǱۺüֵߣȼӹпΪ
Ĳ˵˵ʳİɡ
ţǾӪֵġʷۡӪḻһָߵ׵֬Լ̴ĸ߼ӪƷսʿѵ̲Ʒ
ţҽҩҲζּţƼ뵽ضʮҩС
СΪصģţԭҺ
ûʲôƷģкܶŮˣгĻһ¸·ˡ
ţԭҺһִӶճףһҩüֵҿƳȻױƷţĤţ˪ȡһЧǳõĻױƷӪԭϡ
ʱһ£ţǿΪƷﵰײϡ
СôţѾ׼ٿһҹˣ죬ĻºõҲûʲô⡣
ھÿ֮Сͳ峤ˡ
ûʲô˼Ҫ˺ҪǮ
С˺ܶĵطû峤ףЩɻһˣڱʵˡ
ű¨ѩָָߣ˵峤˵Ҫȥץ͵ߣӦȥǱߡ
С붮
ǲܷŹһҰ
ڸ֮СǱܹ߱ȥˡ
峤ʱѾյϢˣʣµսʿߵɭ׼Χȥ
峤һôش¹ʡ
ѩؾȻ֪ʲôʱôĺڰҪʲôĻǲˡ
죬ؾԲǸˡ峤˵
ǡ
ѩľӢսʿȫˣڵӦš
·ðһӾˡ
֪ѩģûмô׺ģЩѩսʿͦΣ͸սʿĹǿ
ʱɭϢķɢٸѩսʿСҵ峤׵ʱѾҪСˡ
Щսʿǻ̽ţСѾһ֪λˡ
ܲ
һͿǱߺüѩ̻꣬ɪɪ
ôˣ峤˵
ģ˵飬ڡ˵˵ˡСָָǱߣ˵ء
һ˲䣬Ǳ߾ͱΧˡ
üѩĿɿڴˣС̲ϲ
ǶˣȻôɴ䡣
Ȼ˵С̲˵ǳҲᱻҵģֱҵôɴıץǸоһ㶼һ
ǻǿһµġ
Ϊ̫ˣһʱ䣬ǼȵĻ࿴һۣȻ˲˾
ǷɿѸײڶ֮ƱС㡭Ȼɵ¶Ƥ
ʣµĻѧһֻֻģȫŸȵ̬ûãϾͰããһƬˡ
Сǳ鴤
峤ǵһСǰģȻǻǿԸоһġ
ѩսʿٶҲܿ죬ľˣСסֵġ
̽ϺһƬݵϰããһƬ
ɣ˵˵ǵô¡СһĨǳǳְҵԵ΢Ц
˲䲻˸ϻǶԼֻǰ˵ӵġ
ǰԼѰҵ֣Ҷһˣػ֣ǴαСõŻˣѩǵĿǶǵϲ
˵֮˲СС̧ƤС㣬ҷɡ
һֻֻѩ꣬ɵһſųɺüţСǰȫϢǰ޺˲˵ʱǻʱʱĵͷʾ
СĬһ˲˵ԣǶڻ͵ԣԺ˾͵ɣ
ǣ˲䡣

193 ˵İ

ʵ㲻ôġ˲Щ˼ĸɰͰ˵͵ǣ, Сǵġ
İ취кܶ, ֻܳԹ, Ƕ棬Աͳȥ棡Ҳͻ˵һôȥˣҲò
С˵޿̵˵ѩץ㣬߲ˣɶܣ
û뵽, ԭѩɹŵûб, ĶСӡ
ǲû뵽һӾˣҲֻܰҶˡ
˲Ҳû뵽ͷȷʵе
С㣺
˵, Ƿ, Щһ, ôҪµġ
СЩѴļһ, µЩһԭα¶, ֿʼˡ
ȻѾôã͸֪Ǹصĵطԣ쿪ʼúõ׼ɣ֮ǰ˵ģ³˳úõĸԼ׬Ǯ
С㿴Щһǣֱ˵ţҴ㿪켸ţһǳһȥ鰵ǱߣжپץٵİţպǺڰᱻȾ
˵ҪǸؾʵûԵˣȥǸץӳԣ֪鰵Ǳ߻аţ
һȺҲݵģͻȻиڰĿС㣬ǡǸ
ʲôСʵ
Ǻ빤ģˣǻˡͻȻһص
ˣһúڰħʦģʱһ㶼ɻСޱֱ˵
ͻȻȼϣϣͻȻϨĻǣ
ʲô𣿡
˲ǿԴ㶫ȥ𣿡
ԣǱ͵ˣǲֲһȺǺɫģһȥලǵģҶ̬ȣúù
ǡлӻһ¡
Сֱ˵ûпǣ͹ֱͶ̥ȥΪҲ֪Ѿǲмˡ
˲ôĽң˵أôһ°һµģ鶼Щͯɵġ
СôţҪ˵ĻͻȻʧȷʵеְ
һӵģеĻǣȫȥˡ
ÿһֻŵװ׵ģ
ʱĺڰħʦǣȫһӵĿС㣺
峤׺սʿǻһ±ƣʲôˣ˸ɻ̫ˡ

194 ׳Թ

Ǿͱȥ, Ϊ廹ûŪ, Ҳûôȥ
С˵Ͳ, û, һġ
, һرѲ߶, ״̬, ôô㣬ֻҪúڰħʦŪһԹͨĹ߾ˡ
ǵе, õͨߺ, СְǸ, Ѳ߶ӵ, һҪȥѧУһʱʱʦСǽսʿѵ֮׳԰׺, ûţ
ְȥ
̫ʱϢһϵĻǣܶ˺һʵʵ, ȫǸɻˡ
װ鿴˻ʱֱҪ, Σ֮غ, صѩ嶼ÿ, ½½ĶǸ˻
ԭҪѩ峤ģǲŹ߾ֳˣȫǽϣʲôûö㱻ˡ
ʱ򣬻ѩսʿڵѲߣҪѩǶһ顣
Ҳ͵òǰ뿪ˣȻԼ߲ˡ
˻ʺݺݵĿЩѩѲ߶ӣһ֣ҧгݵߡ
ǿħʦսʿǣ̾͸ˣʵ֪˻ʱĴģҪȵ̨ˣҲΪˣǲðһ˵ģֻڿǰˡ
һ˿ҵ͵ѩȥ
һսʿ̰ĿԶĵҪòˣ֪Լսģ˵Ҫˣǿһ£ָͱʰˡ
ûжģܿջĿ⣬ʼ·ˡ
սʿջĿһΪʲô˸ץˣ
ֲģҪ˶𣬻ųߵ㡣С˵
ͲǵǸʲôСˣò˵ħʦֻб벻ûġ
ץ˻ʡȣС㻹ϣǱƽȵģϾѾĵİʳȶǱ
һôܹͿƱ˵ľԼĻء
ðɣ̡һѾĿС㣬˵˵Ҳܣ̸̸ҵɡ
ʲô
ҾҶѾһˣʺЩڿС񶼱֮æ˵ҿҵСǹæġ
С㿴ҪĵķΧٿ۳յĽ£ͷ˵ԡ
˵ˣȥ顣
ղڽŵµԹ˵棬ҲҪӵİ
ˣɻɡո˵ֱӰѹ߶˳˵ǿɻȥ͵
׳Ӹط㼯˹׵Źߣš
ʱҲûߣ˸ط̵ż๤
ôյ棬ᶼҪˡ
֮ǰǾ͸Ӧħȥ鿴һûУͻȥˣûãָӦħһӵǿҡ
Ϊ˲ܿ࣬ǸоĴ˳ħӣû뵽ǲûа˸ӵԼˡ
ǰ˵ʲô棬漸ٻȥǾôģһϷе㻳Ŀһ㶼Ĺʵ
ˣѵ㻹ܲɣոֲûܹ˵СɫҲûö٣֮ǰǵһܵģҲǵһץģһ٣̫ˡ
ɻɣǺôٸһ͸ˡ෢ӳ˵
ǩԼΪʲôǣ췢Щ̲ˣȫԹ
ò˵ʻһӾʳڳĬĿǱռ๤ĳգһ˲Ĭˡ
׳Թ˳յע⣬յתͷЩǣ֮ԱǣƾǴ򲻹
ȸɻǣ
Сڴ帺ĵϻȥ֮󣬾ȥ˿ѧԺ
ԴѩǷչ֮˲žûôˣǱˡСȥҪǺʵĻѩǶ
ô죬ҪһĹħʦģԭǱ׾·ֱӸ޸ĳһеȹӴϸģ
ѩĽֵģ弸ﶼܹҵ˵ʱ򣬴Ҳụк
ҲﰡС㿴һͷϤĺڷ˵㶫ʱȥеóԣʡĳԲߡ
˵ͷӦһȻü۵ģС֪ʵġ
ҾȹȥЦ˵
š
ӦһĿ⵭ģƺ⣬ȻС֮Ϣˡ
ȥ

195 ˭Ҳռ

ǲ
ī, Ӱ˳
˫˵۾ŴĶ, ƤºÿòУʱû˹עòˡ
ѵ㻹뱣ɣǴŲм, ˶͸һаĸо
ɫǱ䵭Į, ԭߵ۾ʱ˼ᶨ, Ҳ㶯һëġ
, ƾ𣿡ī˵⻰ʱ, ĵģûаߵ˷, ֱҪȥˡ
һ˲Ͱν, Ľһ䡣
սһ˲, ѩսʿҲڵһʱս
īڶĹ, Щ׷սʿǶ˶ƺҪ˵Ȼĵڶֹˡ
һ, ɹձ˵Ѫ
ɡīһĵ۾棬֣һֱûзСһ, ȻѾô̵ʱڳɳô׺ݵĽɫˡ
۾˰, ǲˡ
ô̵ʱ, ͱôǿ, ǷǸʱҲ֮ġ
ȻԼǾͲܹˡīԤУ´ɱĻֻڸѡ
ֱ֣ӾʹŪڷѩˡ
ǣһأûֱŪԷץסᣬǰ
īæˣ㿪˹վݶϣ·ļѩ棬ɫһ䣬˵СˣȻڲʱǾ´ټˡ
ޱ飬ֱһ˹ȥ
޴ĺ¡֮Ѿˡ
ˡһѩսʿæǰ
û̫ΣˣϣǼ׷˵Ѳ߶ӶӳǹʱѾ˴ˣҲ֪϶Ǹ⡣
Էȷʵǿ룬˵֪ͨһˡ
ǡһѩսʿ˵꣬ͻˡ
øʲôʲôȥǻᴦġѲ߶ӶӳҪţת˵㲻ܸȥȥ峤˵˵ոյ飬Щǻᴦ
˵ͷȥ
ʱ򣬺һ˳ǰոչЩˣֻȶһ߲鷳ˡ
ʶʵ
ʵ֮ǰͶȤˣǿħСڻƺһʱһʱҪøǿ
Ҿ͸ո˵ȻֻǸˣԿóǸҪҲǲ׵ģҪҪĴ򷨣˭ռˡ
Ǹ˿ǿҪĴᱻɱİɣ˼һ£˵ҾҲᱻˣǶǿ
ûҲûʲôһ֪ˣûη·׼һ㡣
ԣνЩ
ЩӵĿһ죬ѡҲ֪᲻Լܵ
ѩսʿ˵ʱտյģʲôûУóڵѾȫһˡ
۾ǵĮģ߳Ĳģͺػʲô
뵽ûмٸˡ
ЦЦȥһߣʱӦ¹Ǳ߲ǡ
ţϰҪʪĻΪ縯ֳʵݲݶѡѨԼ֦ҶȡҪģģЩȻǵϰԺ䡣
໣Ǽˡһ˵
⼸ֻţھҪչ˺áСӽһڣ˵ţڴͬ壬ֻϼɡֳ֮ǰҪţϴϴɾ˾УֻҪˮ壬Ҫġ
໣Ƕһšкһ˼ûĻ꣬һһš
Ҫģһħ˾֪ˣ˵ĻҸô֪ˡ
С㿴˿Ѿ׼õӣľм˵ͷûûع֮󣬾ͿԽţŵˡ
ʼǼûʳᵽʱҪʱţˮһһΣȻͶʳˡ
ǳʲô˲ʵ
һ߲Ҷӡˮ֮ΪҰȽ۵ҶҲУιһѩҾӦóԵòࡣС˵
ʲô
У
ԲǳЩ
ڳĻ˵ŸַԵĻСͷȻԲ֪ЩɶǺö
ڸոգǲ֮£Ūţˡ
ˣ֪һ¾ͺˣҰҶʲôҲеġ𳳣׬ġ˲ٶռһЩҶӾˣЩҲҪԵġ
С֪˵ˮ͹ϵʱ򣬻ǾͱˣУЩԼԶǾԲιţġ
ˣÿӻҪһ㵰ǣȥʳþˣԼȥĥƣȻų
Ĳ𣿡һ겻ŵʵ
ţһ㲻ᣬֻ˽¡С˵
ô˵һȺϻ˿ɫҲں˵㡣
ҲûȫȻɾˣϾ鰵ţˣǻĲãСһﲻЩιţ
˵ɡһѩ˵
տʼţʾ̣ԻᵽûмӸǵĵĻͻᶪˣһҪסһԺǾͲˡ
ƽʱιĻҪѷʣҶȥζС˵ͣһ£˵ˣҪ˵ҵˡ
еĻﶼðĿС㡣
һºҪǿֻţһôˣ׼ˡһԺǻᷢһһŵѣһֻС̶ֻСʱҪѵˣȻѵ¶ȺʪȺѰѿء
С˵ýͣһѩ˫۷Ź֮ǾиİţˣȻûеľͿʳãЩðǣ׬Ǯʱˡ
ԣǻҪƷأڳԵţǰҪɼţԭҺţйзڵճҺǴйȡ󣬰塣
С˵Цˣս֮ǵ飬Ҳûǡ
Щķ¸ĲҵǸˣüʰһʣµĲҵ˳ս֮ǡ
⵹СҪǣϾˣֻս֮ǵЩ̫޳ˣߵĲ·ӡ
ҲУҲаǼ˵ţǺŹ󣬾кܶҵġ
ϾǶһȺһˣϻһѵծÿһ죬ǷǮӰ
Сţô˲ΪҪ顣
øСװɳʪղˮճŵΪ׼ѵƽһ𣬲ҪɢˡһɳˮŪÿ²ˮƿˣͿιˡҶԣһһʳС˵
Ǿ񣬡ô򵥣һúģˣǸʲôھͿԸˡ
ԶԶԣǿռġ
һǰ˵ġ
ǻӵģ

196 Сûа

С㱻²ӼҪЦ, ˵ˣƷ, ʱһЩħʦһ, Ҫ, ҪϰţǺá
˵, СԼɻȥˡ
ߵ, ʵʲô𣿡
ĽĿЩѩսʿǣ˵ҽ㣬ȥһС̣Ҷæˡ
áС˵꣬͹ȥˡ
һ, ոջֵѩǣʱͿˣǻ࿴һۣжűװװźõΣոСڵʱ򣬻˵ڻҲһһ˵
а, ǹֻæʱ䰡
, ԺҲҪһûûҹˡҲܷɳȥˡ
û뵽, Ƕô, зʱ, Ƕ˵ġ
ڻ˵ʱ, һǻͻȻ۾һеʯͷˣǸǹģ֪ٴսʿǱȥˡ
໣ⶼѾͷ˰
ҿడü˶ɹɹ⣬С̡ʵûģҾӦҪһ´ĶԲԣĿڴעӡ
սʿһ±ˣǣⶼǶİ
Ŀһ˸˸ģû뵽
ǲΪЩСӶʺǵġ߲ỢĲͬæԼĲףһˣܹõ㡣
һϻǷͷ
û뵽ͷҶˣȻΪ㻨Ǯյʱ򡣡һѱһģﻹҪ߸
Ҫ°֮󣬻Գȥһ£͸պõ°ʱ
ӣ̫˰
һϻٴηͷ
̫ˣôˣѾǸСˣ岻ðô꣬˶
ڴĿҲڴĿš
սʿ棬ͷһ£ڻޱ˵ŵһСʱ
ϻһҭ
ʱû
޵һֱתƨɶ๤ͽɻȥˡ
ڻҲ·һӱ꣬Ҳûаˡ
øȥ
֪֮ͨԼҲȥˡ
Ȼĵģûоﲻá
ʯ·ϣޱȰġ
ܾǰΪʲôˣӣû֮һĺá
ǵʱãûаĥͺܺˣѩغÿһͺܺˣڣãܹԶѩǾͺܺˡ
ţҲûһطѩǻҪˣкܶĶûеģЩζʳʵķݣȫԼϺ롣
˭ֻҪԸͶͲùõµģҲᰤܶΪѵˣҲѩѩʹá
ѩԶεգϵЦ
ǰʱĴĴţѾܹڷķӣֻҪŬԺǻܹøã͹ˣ͹ˡ
󲽵ĳԶȥŲᶨ̤ʵ
С㵽˵ط֮Ѿˣٶȣǿ˵ܿˡ
û취ڻûרŵִСС̣˭пգ˭һµġ
СߵһСľˣ
ǲרŸСֵģ죬滹ССӣʹС̣ҲܹԵ
ȻԲͻǿԵģûһС
ڳԹԺСǾͿʼˣˣȳԱĽڵϣɹ̫
ԪһﻶϲڵϴԺƺòյܵСߣæһӡ
СҲûץһͿʼߣˣȻˣܹȥϴ͸ˣССе࣬һϴ
СıĲ˲С֣ȻŴ۾ڴĿ
ǡСεЦЦһƿƿ˼յ˹ĿڴĿ
һźһڱôʱСҲһҲԶˣֱӾ⸽ˣˣңˣ߹עš
С̾˿ӴռóһЩɡ
Сǵ۾ˣһȫΧС۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
һһ˾ûˡС˵
໡
໣
໣
໡
СǷ׷˵ţʾԼ֪ˣģҪжɡ
·ΪһڳԵģǸɶС
ǵģԺƭ˿ɲáС˵ЦţһİɸǷȥ
ģСȺ˺ܶĲͬ
໵Ľϡ
Ųᡣ
ǻѳԵĸƭ
˾ա
ǴĻӡ
УҵǴѧҵС񰲾ĿЩСǣǵĻȶЩᡣ
ȶõ˵֮Сڳֿ꣬ʼˡ
еСϰԾеСëеСڻš
ȻţҲС㻯ɻȻëģֻС̣һֻܵÿһ㣬һֻܵһ㡣
ܵÿ̵ֻ֮ܵС̻еίһίܿɢˡ
ΪԼǰֻҪëС̣СƿˣѸٵ̬װԼǹëģֱӾͶԭأԼԼëˡ
ʵ̫ˣСžͳˣ۾ܵӡ
ܵÿСڱСܾ֮󣬿С飬Ҳ̧צӣԼԼˡ
צӾͿʼԼëˣβͶ˦˺ü¡
СʯϣΧȫǻܻεССš
𣬲ѾкüŮսʿӦ˿ڼƻˡĶûʲôһûСЩ쳣ѴҶŵòᣬʼʱ򶼻ΪҪˡ
ҽԺһħʦҵԭˡ
Ǹû¾Ͱ߬棬߬߬ţҲɿȻԼȱιȥˣˣȻɿˡؼǣӹһ˻߬
ʱ֮СʹССȥʳˡ
ԶԶģܹ򻢿񱼵ľһȺϻСϻǿ񱼶УСһ۾ϳˡ
ûԭ̫ˣǸ״вһĺڡ
ΪʳýˣֻΪǴ̼ģССҲ׷໵Ľų˹ȥ
Ⱥӿ
С㸧һȫʳãȻӶҪЩһǸ˵ġ
尡ԷԷ
ңĸ쵰ѽˣ
쵰˭ƨɣҪҪƨɰѻߵģ
̫ˣֻβ͵˦ģûйİҪĻҿʳùըˣѩصħ޶Ȳˣ
໣쵰ÿҵλá
˭ܵÿ죬˭ģ໡

197 ˵

սʿǿʼʱ, ͦ˵ġ
ÿֻ궼ǻϲϲģֱǵһ칤֮, ڶ칤֮, 칤֮󡭡ÿһֻ궼ģǵ, ѾʼĻɻ, , ΪʲôҪȥ͵أ
ȥ桭
Ĭڻš
ƣĴƮ˳Ȼһ˸Ե棬ҲƮˡ
أΪʲô˶Ҫ£
໣ҸоѾԼ, Ļˡ
֪ΪʲôҼôˣ໣ôĻҪû꣬ڶ컹ˡܳܵذ
̫, ໣ѾƮˡ
ҽ͵˵, ͵ʳ, ɰ, , ˱ء
, ѾǸĹµĺûˣҪ
໡
¹£ÿԱ滢ǣȫԹšѩأˡ
ںڰħʦأʱѾСƱڳҹˡ
Ȼϴȥս֮»ͦģಢûлرģʱѩŪ˾ơ
ϲǣֹһ־ƣкܶܶ࡭
Ѿơơơơˮơ׾ơûʲôİãֱӾóһžˡ
ֻҪһ뵽ľƣǾƷͿĵòС
ָоΪڰʦҪģãϣҲû˵ľƱĻȫˡ
һߺȾƣһߺʹϵèͷӥ˵֪Һȵʲô𣿡
ɫһС̾Ϣһ£˵Ѿưһû˵ɡ
èͷӥǳԻ˵Ҷģ
һĺڰħʦǲӦӵģ治Ӧ!ܲˣ
޴ļһ
óӣζĿǲ֪жôĺóԣӽóˣǶѩʳﰮԸᣬЩǳԲߵģҲԣ
Һ˵ѩĿţҲóԡҸұ֤һλɫѩսʿԸΪ㿾һ飬ζֱױȡԵһҸ
֪ڶܲˣ죡죡
ˣһûгԹѩǵտɣпһȥ˻ٳԡ
ķϻӽˮһڰħʦӦøɵأʬأΰѪȵġ
ôûУҽۿѩսʿһͷţֽˣ󲻵һͷţôĳԷͬλͬԷûȫꡣһ̫ˣһ㶼ûкڰħʦǻۡ

ݳ޵˾ϵ˾ҧһڣ˵Ƭ˾Ĩ˺Ļڼнݺ󣬻Ҫڻмը͸Ļͺʹǽһá
ʵ̫ζˣϾԤҹʱǳԲġ
!èͷӥͷŴ
ȿûѩ͸ҵģ㲻֪ôϲҰҺܶľ֪𣿱˶ûеģô¾Ʋˡ⣬èͷӥ˿˵㿴Ժϣ԰ڰ棬ҲԶɳϡһڣԶ֪Щζ̵ġֽķɻƬܽһκʳζһߵĲΡ
Ŷˣ㲻֪ʲôвˣ㻹Ǹֻ֪һϾ;úóԵϼһ㻹ûƷʲôĺóԡ
̨ϵèͷӥѾˣ˵ϼһᱻץסģᱻץסģˣҵţʰȥ
߰ǻû˵갡Щ𾪵վû˵갡
ϧôУҹеèͷӥԽԽԶһ־ԲͷļƷԶˡ
ʱһֻӺҹĽ洮˳һ׷ͷӣû˵ֱȥԶˣģǺóԡ
ס֣Щҵİġһͷˡ
ͷӶҲ죬һ߶㣬һŶţԶʳҪģ㻹ǵǰҹʱ򣬶˵ʲô𣿡
ǵˣǵˣϿѶң
ٺ٣ȻˣҾ͡ҪúõĴһˣˣľƽǶˣҿ߳Ա˵ţϵĿȺ˳˵صǳ˰ģһȦȫ֪ˣ·ˡ
ֹߵĺ⻰ԼΪæħȣʼһļӹԼҵķˡ
һ߼ӹţһʹ޵ĿŶǼһڿٵ͵ʳ
ˡ
ûϵǰҲôҵģǻкڰħʦġںһھƺˬ˵
˳ֵʱ򣬸ڵĵؾӢǣѾͨ˹ؼطǷ׷״򿪷ţ˳ȥ
ܵĵط󣬷ʮС鶼û˯Ҳ˽ȥ뵽ˣؼĵطˡ
ûҲ뵽ˣھͶ֣С𳵿ˡ
Ƕôķ϶ҪǵģʱܹǷˣҲǸǷǮĵؾˡ
ûû˵ʱҪƸгԱ˾ģ˾϶ûϷˣгԱȫؾȥ밡
ԶԶԣǿһ㡣֮ǰŪ꣬ޣҪܳɹĻҸһҹˡŹĵؾԼĹߣЦţؾ͸ſֵϢ
Ҷһ㣬˵Ҳвٰ˹ˣǵؾǾԲ˵ģѩϲĹһǵؾ˵ĵؾ˷ܵɫ죬ơ
ûõԱһǵؾ
һҹؾǶھӵĸɻţֱĿеĵؾ
ˣǰ˵ŪˣһؾӯǵؾŪġ
֮ǰ̫ҲõҲˮҲãбģһŪģõǣΪѻ𳵸ŪˣֻҪˣǾҲǷծˡ
̫˰һؾֵö
ԺЩӱ·ƷȫǵؾˣҲвƲˣҲûطȥĵؾˡץȥūһϵؾÿ˳
ǰߵķԺСؾǾѩسˣȻǸߣҲߣǲһģѩصؾˡ
̫ˣҾ֪еġ
̫ˣھ͹ȥ
ˣӦúѩ˵ˣѾˣ
ԶԶԣھߣ
һȺؾֵĹĳųеǱȥûãСķžͱˡ
ʱҰɫǻ˸΢⡣
ѵС㣬һ±ƵĿŴЩߴߴĿֵؾ

198 л

Сһ±ƵĿűߺ, ˻ǻġ
ΪоʺѩսʿõҲһҹû˯òײȥˣͱˡ
ȵС㿴ѾõĻ֮, ˶ˡ
˵õʱ仹졣С˼, ˵, ԺѩĿ߱·ˡ
𳵲, ͻ, ʱֱӴͨһһ·, һ׬Ǯ
ǲС㿴Ļ𳵿֮, ֱǵ峤֮ȥ콱ˡ
û, ʱ, ˶Χˡ
ðߵٶģ֪Ǹոջð߻ðߣ˷, ȻһҽһģҾͲȫˡ
ѩսʿûô, Ѳ߶ӵģʼȥĻèɹ㳡ġ
˻𳵵֮ǲȺӿܹΧۡ
ʲôһֺðʵ
Ҳ֪, ǻ𳵣һѩսʿҲ±Ƶ, Щ춼ڱĵط, ÿ쵽˯, ע顣
Ƕ֪ɣҿˣǰͿ⳵ӿˣȻҲ֪Ϊʲô⳵ôϸ߸ӣüĿ㣬Ավ˸׳ʵĺӣ濴Ҳðߡ
ӲҪ𣿡һ̷Ůðʵ
֪ǰЩһؾ˵һһ·ر𳤡һӵĴ˵
Աߵĵؾ޵һ˵˵л𳵣ôܶ˺ͺܶĶģԺֻҪһӣǾܹѩǴŶѩص·ˣҪǺĻͰ·޳ȥ
ðҲ𣿡һޱ߷ðɫʵ
ʱҲȻ򣬷׷ԼΪȤ飬ǴħޣҲܹæͳȥ𣿡
ҸĸһѩĻ𣿡
ŵĶˣʱǲҲѩĻ𳵣æѶͳȥ
ܲҵŻ𳵹Ƕѩ壬ʵ̫Сˡ
ؾֻ˵˵ģû뵽Щðôʣæ˵Ҳ֪ӦƸ𳵷Աģá
СҲæţϾһǺܹעģԼԼһ»𳵡
Ϊ֮ǰеؾı֤ѩսʿͰ̺ˣֻҪû𳵿ȥˡ
˾ʲôģǾ͸Ǹˣ˵ٿ˿ѩսʿˣһѩ˶ܹʤ
ԱСҲкˣսʿ𿪻Ľ跿ݵȹǺˡ
㡣
㡣
ɵģʱǰѩսʿѾˣС˵ýţǴħ޶򵥶ˡ
˵仰ѩһҲˡ
Щѩ˹ĵطǱȽԶģʱ䣬˹ܿˡСȥ˼ʻңڽ֮Լȥˡ
ûã𳵾˵Ŀпˡ
ð߻ѩǣֻѩص壬ʱ˫ۣ۵𾪡
Ŀˡһðսʿ˼˵
ʲôħ̫˼ˣҵһοȻսϵġز˵
һܹɣ֪ʱܲȥԡȺԵС˵
𾪵ĿſԶ˵Ļ𳵣ҪǣҪеħ̾ͺˡ
Ǻǡ鰵ħʦЦһ˰ɣûħģȵȣûħôģҪսϵĻǲǾͿ͵Ϯˣ
С㵹û˼Щ˵ģΪֿˣֻԿսʿǲûпԶ˽һ¸оˡ
ʱؾ˹ǹ𳵷Աġ
ԣҪ˽ѩǣý˵ɻҪòҪڻһʳϡ
Сϵؾ֮ǰƻ𳵵ĵؾ̣û˵ʲôϾѩսʿ̫ʣҪĵط͵ˣĸ⹤ǲġ
ؾú棬˵ǻŬõġ
С˵ͷһѩսʿһЩؾϾʱҪһġ
ûģΪ˷ֹ£Լ˿ͰȫϻҪѩսʿġ
İɣһǵġոճѩսʿ˵
ţͿʼһǷˣȥ׼һ°ɡС˵
ûôģǰðǵʻͻȻ뵽ģҲûʲôҪ֮ģȻǾղײˡ
ڣ
һϣվ֣ϵ˻ȥö׼ѶͳȥҪ֪ѩһǲ׵ģͨһʱһʱѶȥġ
·ϻҪԤģ·̳ҲǺġ
û𳵷ʱ䣬ƱѾðߣвٹĸΪƱġ
ûʱ𣿡
˰ɣ˵ͷ𣿡һСŮħʦ˵
ѾȲˣٶȣһħ޶˰ɣȻͬʱͺܶˣԺͿֱȥˡ
ǰǰû뵽𳵣̫ˡŲðЦһãҪȥģǸˡ
ʱ԰ĶӸʶһѩǡ
ǲ˼飬ҴѩǻǸʱˣһһĶûб仯ȥ꣬ǻڳѩھô˰߹ĸжá
һսʿĸ̾ǰչһЩǵѩսʿģǸչ˹ѩսʿŹʣʳֵţţúõһ١
ɲǣǰŰѩߵģս֮ǵЩˣƲһʣµһСǰʱҲֲסˣ˵ѩľ۶ûܱˣԲ˶ȥˡŰսʿ˵
˭ǵģûѩսʿ˱ҵˣЩԼūˡһûʲôڸеĵЦһ
ǲˣϴλЩڳġüĿĹʵ
Ϣ˰˵ԲˣǳԵģҲȥˣʡµǮȥˣ֮ǰӵѩսʿǸʲôţǵغպʳƷ̣ڲˣѩ˸ζĶһȥͲˡһƹ˵
ȥ˽Щģ֮ǰ˴ˣҪһʳȻ֮£ŷ֣˵ʳȻѩľˡ
ʱúõʡһǮˡ
ô죬ѹˡһʫЩգʱ䶼ûгѩأ֪飬뵽Բ˲ٵĶӣǳ
ǼأӦȥһˡ
˵֮ǰ˵˵Ҳˡһ˵
⻹Ҫ˵ڴϣǻ𣿡زĺ˵
һ˵ģǰڴ½ϲǲ棬˵ǿ˺Щ
˵ˣһǶҪȥȫС
˻˵ʲôʱ˺죬𳵿ˣԽȥˡ
һӵģеȴ˾ͶǱˡ
ûã˶ϳ֮С𳵾ཱུĿˣؾԱڻ𳵿֮СƳˣơƿϿȪˮӻ˱ۣ࣬
⣬׵ڵϡ
ȻѾ˶գڰ棬æµġ
ͷǰȻûһ͵ģȫŸԸ顣
ȥһƬֳһٵľ
˵ؾǰѻ𳵸Ūˣ֪ǵĳôˣһֲ̧˲ͷϵĺˮ˵
϶ҲˣǰҲˣȵؾġѸոպõĲ˷ŵϺ󣬰˴һˮ˵
ûүү϶еġһСæ̧ͷ˵
ûǰ˲ȵؾġ갫ЦЦ˵ҲҪŬɻܺˣûսһҪȡ
ûؾռ˴ˣ˵ӶѾˣЩʵǰҲܸɵġһİЩ˵
һҪŬУѩ֪ˣĸõĹˣ
ûǼӰѾȡѵؾȹȥ
ԶԶԣǰҲǺģ
һĻ֮󣬰Ȼĸ
ǵ߲˻ϣĶĴк㶹߲ˣȥ͵һƬ
аŬţӺꡣ
һҪЩ߲ջʳֻʳõģһ˸н
Ҷ߲йĴѾջˣǴлСΪ˱ϴаȫԽǻҪר˶Դнܻ
ı䣬йҪܱ֤вܶʧˮȴٳһ㣬ͿԲժ͹ȥˡ

199 Ͷ

糿ʱһӱˡ
峤׿ⴰѩ, Щ±, һ˲֮󣬾ȥСǸˡ
ֵϻкܶ, Ҷ½½βĹðǴ棬һ׬Ǯ, ʡһܹܾõģҪÿ¡
ͻصԼĹɭ, ǰ黹һ㣬ǴǶůûҲš
峤ʯ·ϣ˻Щ㱣ò̫ʵ
ȥʱ, ǳʳ⣬һֻֻС̵ǶŲ, æµôԺ󣬿ѩ, ͻȻЩ֪롣
һֱæŵʱ, ûб˼ȥ, ÿ춼æͷ˯ͻȻͣ, Щ̿֡
һеʱ, úܲ˼顣
峤뵽, ӿ˽Ų, ܿģ͵Сסĵطǿŵģûܹоںů͡
㣬ˡ峤˵
šС̧ͷһ峤ףе飬һ㣬ͰͼŪˡ
峤׿СӣЩǣˣͲֲˡ
û£顣Сͷͼ˵
ʳ
ҪһŪĻҲû⣬Ū߲˾ˡС˵ţͣ˱ʣսʿŪչңڽṹ£ʹħȷ¯ͿʵԽˣѡӶԣѵͺԺһЩ
ˡѩ졢²ˡˡ۲ˡܲ⡢ëˡײЩ߲ҲȽͺʺڶֲ
峤һ⻰ЦˣúúãǾ͸
С룬˵Ҳаɣʱ䲻˷ѣԲǰһ˯ȥˡ
ô˵ţ˳óһˮ࣬òã
峤׿ʯͷоһһ˵ʯͷͦÿģķġ
Ǿˣǰˮ·ҲȥɡСü۴Ц
峤ף𾪵Ŀеˮ飬Ʈ˴ֻ֣еֶȥǸչҵġ
һİˮŵϣ˵Ѿǳ껢ˣʺˡ
˵ˮģʱ㻹ûʱŪ˵һЩۼˮŪġ
׬Ǯģи˹иðߣˮ·Ҳߵ㣬ʲôҲ졣СóһŴֽţָĳй滮֮ҪУѩضչˮ·ǲеġ
˵ĳѾҪŪˣҪǲ·ʱӵʾ̫ˡ
С㿴峤˵ʱ㳵ӵĳۣѺģҲҪôһʽˡ
һᵽң峤׵ıͱˣУÿҶǵģʧ
·ɡ
ǡ峤׻Щᡣ
𳵵档С˵㡣
ˣսʿǶ̫ˣӦҪҵġ峤ױ˵ߣߵſڵʱ򣬻ǻͷһ˰
СЦòС
棬ؾҲѾˣԼҰʣµľĥɷ۷ۡÿؾģ鲻٣Ǻǰ̫ˣֻҪľŵ棬ͻԶˡ
ԶһЩķ棬лæµš
ǵĲȽԶŸոŻ𳵹ģȻǶ죬ǱԼǱߵĲԭɺù̫ˡ
궬ſʼǱ߾˺ܴѩƽＸҲʲôʳ
ҲΪ峤Ŵ䶼򹤵ģҲһûаܣȻ治֪Ӧôˡ
һֱڱԵĻ˴ûȥУⲢ֪Щʲôӵġ
ڵѩǵʱȫˡ
ɾ·棬Ưʵķݣÿ·˶Ե׳׳ģ·ǵûпѣǲΪŷһ
ٿʱԼֵǮľһëƤˣǾëƤǵڵϣᱻ˼ߣ͸˵ˡ
ǲʵ̫ˣûдѩǴڲ棬ҲûôõĴ
ļٽ겻ðܶˣкõĵطסѩԱǵ·Ҫúá
ڱ崩·ʱǻǺϲѩṩԱġ
ȻˣǷĶ󲢲ѩ壬ѩǮˡ
ûūÿ˶ȨģӴʱһС£Ҫ
ǸոճĺӣѾȥ˿ݾƵԱˣʱ˵Ǳ߸ոշ飬ԼżģҲѿûĶ
ĺѼð߱๤һ㶼ĽģΪѾɹѩһҲСˡ
õǣԱһʳ
ѩЩʳȻ󣬵ҲǻܹԵģǣѾˣȷʵʱһҪһǳһ
Ҫúõİð괺ҲˡǲԼСŮԴһֻСǣΪԵòãȥЩС
źܿͲˣԼܹȻ׬㹻Ǯ
С˷ܵ˦˦βͣصĳǲ˽УŮͷϷˡ
һ죬и˼ðҪߵʱ˳㱧һֻѩ̡
ǲûгɹȫס͸ȥˡ
ΪһĿһеħ𳵻ȥˡ
ӴԺڰｭͶ˸˵ѩ̶ôϲôҪؼңԶҪС֣ΪԶ֪ǵļҳʲôʱ֣
Сʱ̫æˣ˵ʱѲѩսʿѾǴȥ͸ˡ
ǰҪ͸ĵطǿģڲһˣȫȥ޽·
ô˵ѩߵ̬ȶǺȷģǾҪЩһǵÿһκˮѩϡ
ðʱѾִѩˣǵջȥǲģһ˰ѶŵԼס֮󣬾ֱʳˡ
ʱ򣬴󲿷ֵðŶѾȥˣʳȻѩΪֵĵط
ȻҪŶӵġ
ϾﻹкôһָĹţÿ̯λ϶˹ܼսʿȡ
ųЩ֮ǰûԹʳһӣ˵ֵǣԣ㣬Զٺõٻȥ
˵꣬Լӣڴڵĳһ̿⣬ԵʱһֻֻСϺ
Ϊ̫ûгˣ۾棬Ųٵļܣʳ档
Ƕ㲻ǳԣҲԼԵġԱһĺҲûпźܾûгԵĿ㣬۾ˣԼϲǸƷ֣Ե۾ˣΪֵġ
ҪԵ㣬ÿιҶ޲öӣ̫óˣôԶԲ
Ѹٵİһϵˮͷ⣬õԼǰ˺һ⣬Լ˵оͿʼˡ
ףǸ⣿һսʿķеķ۵⣬սʿһ롣
ֻ졣սʿЦеİŵϡ
ųʱһӣԼһˮʵζͷ۵һӾͣѩðһеʣҲҪһʸɴȥ
ͷһˮʵ̫óˣǰǺҲҵˣֱӾڳ̻ˡרŸ̽ϢһԱһ֮˵
ųҪǽҲԼıɣڽõ嶼ˣǻȥͺȥһһԵͷħʦ˵
ûûߵķӿůˣҲȥ˯ɽֵİ˵
ǰҲãǸûҪ˯ȥ˯괺죬ôʳȾܲöˡһʷˮĳԱ̽˵
ȫѩǻȥ껹Ҫһһµ٣Ҹоÿ궼ҪһһļˣҲеطŶ
ǰǰҾÿˣҲǮ
ҲӦиǾŵķӡ˵
ųҲˣʮðţѾʮ˱ˣҲҪץ
Աһģȫ̽Ե˵ţҪܹһȰãȰҲûϵ»ǻȰˡ
ųô˶飬һЦˣΪҲֻ֪ⷿҪһǼͲˡ
ҲûʲôȷʵǮȻˣǾȥǮˣԺǱ߾ǵˡ
ų̫Ӣˡƨ
ǵų͸Ҳзӵˣ¿Բˡ
̫ˡ
ðųԱǷ׷ЦǱֵϢһԾӿ˳ԷٶȣҳԵøˡ
Ϊİ
죬ǾͲȥˡ

200 ϣ֮

ˣѩĹ, ܺ𣿡һɫϤϷ
ڻµһ, һСǰǸϤı, ǸϤ̬
ո·ϾѲսʿ˵ŵĻ, û뵽ųž㡣Сû뵽, Լųûãˡ΢΢һĨЦ
һе㶼ûиı䰡
ǰжʱ䣬ǿԼܵ, û뵽Լˡ
ںǰȷʵ仯ôһ㣬ǰĿʱȫ, ˶ϸķչˡ
Ц˵ʳֵʳɻϲ

ЩϤʱֲ̫õĸо
Ŀ˿С, ǺƯû, ǶԷô֪Լģ
ȥЩ찡
ͺһ
, еǸ
ҵıһ䣬㣿
С¶һЦ, Щ, Щܵľ, ˵㡣
ҵһ
Ȼ䵽Ů˵, ⻹û
ʶģҪܣʱѾѩĴرˣߵЦ͸һܵĸо
ƨɡ
ЩۣͺֱǰŮûչһ㡣
һΡһţҲʲôˣҪܡ
ȻûߣŲ̧ͱһȦĻΧסˡ
ҿɥĲС㣬ת͸žɥĵֿ˫۾Ȼżֿɫ
˵ɣʲô
ûʲô顣С¶һõЦݣ˵ǹ첻Ҫȥ𣿡
ûУѾȥˣҪҲ֪Ϊһ˿ĸоǾܾˣһﳶϾûʲôġ
롣С¶һ˵ЦݣΧžҵĻȻһ㡣
ҵëҴ۾һԼûپˣ˵Ҫʲô
æ㶫ȥС˵
ѾоˣλǺܲģҪܹ¾Ļô̻ȻܵشӰ졣
˻ʱѾȨˣȻų̂Ǽûʲôˣֻʱ⡣
οֲֻ˻һЩԼ̫࣬·磬Ȼǻᱻʵζ˵ġ
ȻСǲ˵˻̨Ҫһʳģʳѩ
ǰ˻ʶϸʳ򣬾ΪƽԲԹùҪûڲһˡ
˺̻ᣬѩҲڴʳԼ
̻˻Ǻϵѩ岻ǣгԸȻúˡ
С㿴žң˵Ҳʲô飬Ǻúÿһ£ǵز꽴ѽۡ͡տۡϵȴؾܲô֪Ǻ⣬Ҫˣǰæ
ȻˣǻͳһݸֵζϴģԺţҲԳѩزʳˡ
ұҪܾģϲ飬뵽Щͺ̻ĳϣ;鷳
ƳһС㣬͵͵ƳһۣܾĻڿСЦЦıˡ
ǡаɡ
ܾҲǾܾ˵ģӦˣдá
Щȥ֮󣬻ᷢʲô飬˻᲻Լֲ飬ǾҪˣҲųġ
鷳ˡСЦ˵
ıһ˲º˺ܶ࣬žҵӼΪ⣬Ժһ˰Ѷ͹ȥģȻ󻹻սʿǻȥǾ鷳չˣǴٻʱһúÿһǡ
۾һһ˿Ըûˣæ˵úúã괺ˣǾͻġ
Сº͵Цš
Ų˵ȾҴѩսʿƷȥ֮ˡ
֮С˻档
ŵʱսʿ֪ͨ˵Ŀ˹ˣȥ
ͬʱ峤ѾĲˡ
Ϳ˽֮󣬻ڵˣѩĵ˷һû˯õʱ̣Ȼ硣
峤׳Ĭû˵
峤棬Ҳζӳ¡
ûбѩ廹׵ˣƫƫķչǳϵġ
ʱƷҪ£ڰ׸һźѾһˣóȥִ
û뵽û׸ˣ׸һ
ӵĺһڲˮֻĶ˳ѩ岿ʱ򣬱˵ǲˮˣиˮȾͲˣѾչΪĴˡ
еķչһȦԼۻ˵ںսʿԼһȺ֮ǸӵòҪҪˡ
뵽ﶼܰЩһڻԸȥ
ˣ
峤ˣ
Сʱ򣬾ӭһ˫ŭĿ
ûзϣЦЦĴ˸к
㣬ˣ̫ˡ峤׼ֱͷˣЩԼԸߣѩʲôϵ
峤СڽǰѾ˵˴ŵˣ峤طˣץ
ȻЩǻլڳƵļԼǸߡ
սʿ׼˷ˣǳԷʱˣǳ̸ɡС㲻˵
̬ϴǳЦ˵Ļ룬峤ںҲǰ˵ҾȥʲôóԵģҵԳ
󡭡
ȫûģڼʶѩȫϯ󣬵峤ʹ˰סڳƼҵǶϳȥԼסȥˡ
ʾѩǻǷǳʺϹĳеģȵʱߡ
ѩңԶĵطһȺڵūѩصķ
֪ʱѩѾǶˣǳѩأطҲһǶ죬䱻ڱĵطȥѩƴһƴ
˰ɣ߰µʱ͵ˡһ׷߰ߵ˼Һһˮ˵
ˮǱģǻȵġ
Դ˵ѩ֮󣬾òˣЩʫһ˵ĻҲǺܿŵģܹеʫ˶ĵطӦǿȥİɡ
У½ϣûһȺ˿ȥĵطˡ
ˣһʱȥĵģ˵Ǳڽ跿ӣҪܶܶķӣҲԵġһ׳˵
ûǰѧħģʱ򣬿϶ϡһС˵ʵϸ˵ūҳº󣬲ūҲūˣ˭ץ˭ġ
Ըӣϴ󲿶ӺҲ·ˡ
䣬ǣ䣬ǵҲǻȵģΪ֪ѩغǵǵȫһˡ
һֻӥɹ

201 ӸС

īյ᳤̻ϵı֮, 鶼˺ü֡
һֱȻԺ̻Ტûжô, ԼӺͱҪǲһġ
ľۣīűУǵʳƷ漸û˵ʳ, ûаֺøС
ӣūҲûˡ´źӵС˵
Ŷ, ûץˡīΪ˵
ūֶʳﶼȲ, 顣
, ؾˡȫȥѩˣû취ȥѩץˡ뵽ǵ˲ûȥѩץūģ, ЩԼѩץ͸ȥˡ
ףأīżֺ˵
ǻңĿǰûҵҲӵɻЩɽݵɭ, ȫҹˣһĺۼû, Ҳ֪ȥˡ
֪ˣȥɡīµޱ, ת, ߵ˾޴ˮǰ
һں, ȥ
īûй, һֵˮϡ
ˮܿͷųǳĹââˮͳѩǵĻ档
һֻѩСԼë
һһԼëƺëһֵܿ飬۾ܵ
īȤתһ㻭档
ˮӽǱһ㣬һβڿֵĻζš
īüȻˮֻѩǱߵĻ棬Ǻ뿴Ҳƫ̫Զˡ
īҲûϹصˮеĻ棬Ǽ
ѾܾûôˣǽԴӱƭ̶֮󣬾һֱɻɻģڣѵôɵʱ䡣
ƽʱԼСʳóˣһֱԵӹԲԲ
ðǿһֱ档һ껢ڵϣ˵ţ仹ղβҲںһ˦һ˦ġ
˵зź٣ٷһ죬ٷ죬໣ʱǾʱҸĻˡҿĵ˵
˰ɣҪɻͶġһոմӻữεСС̱ܹС̵ļһ˸Ƿ˵
ҪúöģԺúñѩءҪܹһС˵棬·ǶԼ˵һ㣬ЩЩᶨ
ѾúܺˣڵҲѾǸֻȥִСˡ
ԽԽˣô飬Ƕǿġ
ȻԼûµʱ˵ɻͶ飬װ׵ģҪˡ
ÿ϶ܳ˯棬ϨƵģðߣˡ
ǽȥӵͼƻ
һأҲ͵͵ȥˣȻûþͱץˡǸʱϵļƻֱӾܲܿö
ѧУѧˣǸƻЩѣ˲ٵʱſöġ
ǸʱˣܲܶܺһС
ʱ;ˡ
𾪵ǣڼƻϣһС͵ѩصͼǻźüеӡ
һ˲䣬ǳ񵭵۾·ͻȻˡ
ѹˣûûҹĹš
ѹˣѩصķһֱڽ衣
ѹˣ̫Ҫ·޵úԶ
ԼɣҪȥûʲôҪæġ뵽ЩȤվֱӾȥˡ
ȵңҲȥ飬ϲڱ˺ģҪȥ㣬Ҳվˡ
Ҳȥ
ҡ
໡
ûãһȺǣȫܳ˻ҡ
īſյķ䣬üһֱӾͳħˮϵĻֱӾʧˡ
ѩѸģϧˣһʼʹˡ仪ڣī΢΢ĵ
ɹȺֱӾѩصĸȥˡ
ѾЩûгԶˡ
ԴӲᵽѩصıԵ֮ѰʳͱԽԽˡ
ǸͲ뿪սձ鶼ǿ˭ҪҪūĻץ߾ˡ
Ϊ˱˵İȫǲŶ㵽⸽ġ
ҲҹֿѩصģѩصѩȻսǿǺûʲôûʲôԵġ
ԭǲԸģû취ѾþûгԶˣǰȥѰʳڶûлѣԼġ
һȺˣǺܸ˵ģҵһԵģûãͷ֣ʵǲ࣬Сģ㲻ûб˼ܳū
ʧ֮£ǰжȥˡ
ȥѩ͵һѩģֻ͵һ㣬ѩͲᷢˡ
̫ˡ
ųѩطȥ
һ̣ǺĽѩģսôǿҾͬһ㶼õΣյطǻ㹻ѩԳԡ
;̫ˡ
Щκķţһ߷һ߻ѩ飬ŵ˵ط֮һҪúõĳһ١
֪˶ãͻȻŵһζ
ʳôŵһаɣ
ԼĳأԾˣȫģġ
һķţһţҪˣѾˡ
ûãҲɲˣԼڼٵš
ģһûˡ
֪ãоԼһʲô棬Ȼͻ˹ˡ
СԾĿһֻӥͻȻϵ䣬ѩſڵĴɡϣֱӾͰɡһˡ
ʲôˣףһֻӥѩսʿһȿ·ߵС㣬ȷû˺󣬲ſġ
ոͻȻϵС˵
ѩսʿһ£˵û£Ƕˡ
˵ţ쵽ԼС棬Ӱóһɣڻı˻Ρ
˻ûѣѾſѰʳˡ
ҧɵһ̣Ժſ۾ȻѸٵ˾񣬿ʼɡ
һ֮ѩսʿóһЩС˹ȥ
̻еʳ֮󣬻ָ
ȻûԱǲö̫ˡ
ϵĶĺóԵöһ
м̧ͷҪлˣȻⱲ벻Ļˡ
СָǱߵɡ˵Ǯɡ
⡢ǮЩ±ˡ
ŶԷĵ˵ͷָǱߵĲ˵һ飬ʱ;ûš
˵𣿡Сʵ
ǡǵģҶˣǣǡûǮĻСû˵ģ
û£ȻǾʹ򹤵ծɡС˵
ʲʲô
򹤣ǮС˵
ʱ
û뵽̷ץ˵Ĺ壬㵽ѩرԵȥˣȻûжһץȥծ
ڻԥҪô˵ʱдһӥûãѾҺþõĸˡ
ڿܵܺǿŵǵǷŵ˶档
䵽ϣѸٱΡ
һѩĵطԱѩսʿʱһӣ˶
Ͼߡ˵
ܾǰ峤˵ˣǲܳǰҪúãȻһСģԼץ߲㣬䡣
ıᡣ
Сûôᣬֱ˵ڻߣոˤѩĶҪ򹤻Ǯġ
𾪵Ŀ۵ܵܣȻĬˣ˵ɡ
ԣкܶ๤ѡġС˵ֱ꣬ӴȥĵطˣȻѩսʿҲûߣϾԼҵС̻أ̵ݣ˭ߡ
ȥ
Ϊܹ뿪ֱӾѡ۵·
ڼ˽⵽ѩѾкü·ˣ޽ġ
Ȼ֪ҪʲôҲûȤ֪Ͼ֪öˣܾ߲ܿˡ
ѡ˹֮󣬻淢֣ǸѩС̾ˣһѩսʿȥ˹ء
ߵʱһһš
ѩ壬ʲôʱ򣬾ȻѾôķˡ
ò˼ǣƺûбţҪ֪ѩģʱԼ͵ѩˡ
С
Ǳߵĵؾô£Ҳѩ˸ץ
Ϊʲôϵ·ôã
Ϊʲôһֻؾڳ⣬ȥζӡԣǰץһֻء
͵͵İѲ·ݸ˵ܵܣ˵԰ɡ
磬ҳԹˣǰиҳԵģɺóˣ԰ɡ˵ô˵ʱЩߵʳˡ
ģҷģ峤үүûгԹôζʳ
ϳԡ氮ܵܵͷ
ãѩܷġһԵѩսʿʵ̲ס˵ĲһĿ⾯Ŀ
úûгԹһеˡ
𣿡ŵĿѩսʿ
һ˲䣬ͻȻãҪ߹ܷĻԼǲˣ
ܵġѩսʿ϶˵
̫ˣ硣۾ģҲϣܹôóԵʳﰡ
šЩЩɵӦš
ûжԥģΪѵķԼ⳥浽˵ط׼ʼˡ
˵ǣǹȥʱǱߵԱڳԵġ
ѩսʿˣû˵Ҳûͻֱֵܷװһ׷ҪǳԲϰߣǱ߻¿գԼȥá
š
滹Ҫʲôûɾȳ˼ҵĶѾ۷Ź⣬ͷˡ
ֵܶǵһγЩʳһڵʱһûУֱӾͱǺסˣ᲻³һʳѵãʵ̫óˣǱܵĲҪ³
Ӧ˵һ֮ǺܿͳҳԵñڳѩսʿǶ֡
ΧˣǵӣȫЦˣˣһǵӣ֪Ƕˡû˵ʳӽսʿǱ͡
ֵܳԵô죬ΪֵʳѾóˣǳԵ¿պĸоǽһְ·ƶ˷һ㡣
Ȼǳ˵֮ǱҲʼʽˡ
һ㶼û͵˼ֻҲû뵽ӴԼͿûûҹĹճֽƣֽŷˬоһûд
ʹô࣬ѩʳѪϻصҿ̵ܵܰȿֵˡ
ֻҪûܸɣ

202 ֵͬ

ϵʱ, еĻǶõԼ塣
ԹĿ, վǰĺڰħʦ, жǸֵĿܡ
غܸ˰, ЩƮڰеĻ꣬ЦɣҶѾˡ
ⲻ΢Ц, һӾʹ̼˻ǡ
û뵽, ͷȻôҪĺڰħʦ
ǰͷѾӦ, ҪǵĻ¸ġ
һվͰǸȫˡ
Ǻܲаʱ˵ġһ̲ס˵
İɣٺ˵ȥ, ҲҪѽġҹӰ໹ھ͸ɡ
һ㶼Щϼһô
Щһ·, ѡ
Ҫǵ㡭
뵽̲סһ
ܵġ
ǰʱעĶⲿǿ, ûаС̷
Ǹʱͳ˴ˡ
ÿʱӣ̲סҪ»ں޵ᡣ
ھ͸ˡ
˵ȨˣҲǲС, ؼǸһﻹħ˫ޣԤУٹԼܶ򲻹Ǹһˡ
޳ܵļһ, 㹼ǵ꣡ƮмĻ
ֻҪԸ, ǻԽġ˵
, ǲŲۣͬѧУ˺̵ܾĻ˵
û, ǶôȰڵĹȴһˣʵ̫ɶˣѾ˾ӢսʿȫܵĻ꣬ˮ˵Ĳ뿪ҵսʿǡ
Ҳǣԭɵúúõġ
ûҲܽӡ
Ҳԡ
ѩȺ鼤زΪ΢Цˣ˵ٶ඼ûõģ룬ô㹤
ǣһӳĬˡ
Ҳ֪ͺ˵ЩûõģĲ룬ƮǸȥ
һʼʱùȡҲͦõģ黹Ե档
뷨ڿһСճǾҲˡ
Ҳ֪ڵѩսʿѧ˭̵ģȻô׼˵ûˣ궼붯ˡ
˼ҵǱ䣬
ǾͶˣǴٽѩط٣˶Ҫ
;úҡ
ȻˣЩҲѣ󻢻ǻǱȺƮʼȥˡ
Ϊ֮ǰСѾѹˣҪˣȥ鰵ǱѰҰţ
ڻվ֮ɫУӰһͦεĺڷ꣬˵߰ɡ
ûģȫˣˣܸֻܺúȥˡ
֮󣬹սǷ׷Цֵܾ͸ͬŽ蹤ѧУˣʵǣ̫Ǽˡ
ҵĹܷæ˲ģ˵
ֵˣȻûƭǡһڹЦ
ɲһҵȵ̫ˡǽĻڣؿڵŹġ
ѽֵ̫ˡ
ǰǿǵģҲҪǺúõһҲ̹õ峤ҪƽȵضԴڲУ
ûǻӣǰʵ̫ˡ
һЦţһִñʹУܿģǾЦˣûȥ˯ˣȻǾֻƮȥˣؼǣҪ嶪ҪǮ屻ѲսʿȥҪô룬ǲġ
ûϹѧĻҲǺܻģܾƽԼԿˡ
߰ɣ߰ɣǸûȥˡһ˵
ûţѾСţˣҪ׼ҶӣƽСţ棬ˮʪȥò͡
Ǹô˵ţһʵ
˵ˣûʲôƷŮ廹Ůð߶ϲģţԭҺţйзڵճҺǴйȡͺˣбʪ׼ʹĹܣʹƤ棬ʹù⻬͸
ԣ˵ˣţԭҺеҪɷأ޸ã԰Ƥ޸ΪһȻĿƤϻ̡ǺǲҪذһĬĬ֮ǰĿγ̣ˣҪʵ̫ˡ
ǰڲû𣿵ʱ϶Щѧѧȥźϳɵģ̫ˡڱ˵ҡͷֱ̫ͬûͬˡ
;ڵ̫ˣҪô飬ĺôġ
мĻڻû˵⻰ԼȽӲסˡ
ٿȻһš
𣿵ѽʲôõأǻ˶Ҫѧϰ
һ̻ǵĺʹ
ҹɫУֵеǸӵˡ
Ȼˣɲǿ޵ġ
ʱ䣬ѩ½½˲ٵ壬Ҳ֪ǰ㵽ȥˣһĶܹˣǾͲˡ
סЩǮģǰϾͿʼͥۿˣЩûСҲ⣬һģȫǱ߿顣
Ϊ·һҳ˼ĳѩЦЦȻԼҵĴ
ԶĵطѾչˡ
ǽȽ϶࣬ԻеҲǿֻģÿ˹˵ϣһˮҹ
ԼѡģˮϷḻˬһǸոѩصʱûЩðǴлˣȻҪͼһġ
˵ˮʱõϺнҪǡô޶ȵر漦ӪһҪӼ̶ȵġ
Ĳ˵ܹѿˮؼңÿ˶Ǹ˵òеġ
Ҿ峤̫ˣѩԺ󣬾ǹˣ˻֪ôءǰͷİ˵
Щˣúõĺ͹òģǳĶˡ
õЩͲ˵ˣٲ֣ģģʱᱻץȥūġ
Ժģ϶ģҪŬĸɻǰ滹еؾأԺ˶ˡУھҪŬС˵İɫ
ҹɫǰӡ
ǸʱԸҪһܹڷĲȻֻǿһ꣬Ǳ¶˯Ǻ̫ˡ
ǲûкǿ׳壬ܶఫˣرǰ̣еʱֱӾ˯ˣȻˡ
ֻҪŬĹܹеطסгԵĺȵģõʲôʱˣֻҪѩ廹ѩأǾͲںҹлֲ̿ʲôʱʲô鱻ץˣˡ
ܹǷǳǳˣ˭Ҫǲܼˣһһʱƴġ
ԣô˵Ҷ뿪ѩصģѩҾһĵ˵
ǵģ˭뿪ѩء
ҪԶѩأҰѩء
һҪúùԲܸ˻ᡣ
ûǲߣô˵ҲߣҲߣ
Ⱥ鼤ܣûǻܹǰӣһֻΪҪţԴԺǾҲܹˡ
ϣԼܹţҲϣԺİ̳ˣܹˡ

203 ë

һ̺ĳʱ, СѾˡ
ǿС̣, ʵ˭࣬ЩССҲˡ
һС֪, ֻϣԼܹϢһ¶ѡ
СҲû˵ʲôС͹ȥˡ
簡
ȵ˻֮С濴һ, ߵССǶѾˡһ֮, ˵, Լ棬, ½һС
СǺϵ, ǺܺСڸʲô, ûд, Ǿһ߿ʼˡ
Сڽ, ߿С, ߵѩزƲ
ҪľǴˣڶǲٵģתҪȷвܶҵȵӦʱʱС
С, ѩѽɵ߲ʾһĶʾһĶҶʾһĶľʾһĶʾǧĶƻʾǧĶʾаǧĶʾǧĶʾǧĶЩèԼޤ, ˡ
Ϊ˹̺еĳЧ, ȷѩԺ󶼲䵽ѩĵزСһֱûֹͣѩصĿģȡȷѩȶ¸ȻΪũҵĿƼȻǱزٵģȻ⿿ҲǺܳġ
ڿǱҪ峤ڹţûЩ鷳һС㻹ֵͦģȥ˿ˣֱӲЩͼƻħޣӴԺСҲûвĹĵˡ
ͶˣÿʾضܸѩսʿģȻʾضԱûһʾȫǱģСʾضᰲѩˡ
ʳǱ謶Ѿŵװ׵ˣʲôģСģһҪȥСˣǱҲңϾҵĹͰŵװ׵ˡ
ӰӰڴרŸһ飬κΥҼ͵飬Ҫ
ľǸѩصڴģǱð߽ʱҪ˰ģС㻹涨ˣСħǲɱģѩ˾ҪߵĿɳչԭ
ȻѾˣǾ棬Σ֮صʱ򣬾Ѿ˷ḻս飬ڣսʿһǺܷĵġ
СűʣддģĿȫרע
СûдС㣬ԹԵһˣţżвµСĽŲĵҪȥСʱҲᱻ΢һĸߡ
໡
Сֵ̻ȥеĻԼ档
ȻˣһС̻ãȻҲǲԵģǱЩճûõģǺöˡ
Сһ̧ۣͿһֻŸովȻ·С̣һԵñ׳˹ȥͼҧ˼ңû˵Լˤ˸
ʱһֻûбСҲȥֱӾͰֻС̸һƨɶյѹ˵ϣֻ¶ͷצš
ѹڵϵС±һ˲ƴţϵСһ˫а۾Ų
Ǹ㱻˵Ĵһ̣̩Ȼɫݵصͷļһߡ
С̱֮¶СҪȥС̿ȻеһֻצӣֱӶС̵Դȥﻹĵһ
֡
Сƴò׵ȴ̰צÿڣſԼͣٴ¶˼Ȼ󿴵Ҳſͣ¶˱һĺ󡭡ˡ
ûܶãͲòͣˣͷһΪβͱסˡ
Сֵ̾ļţ߽л߿ĿС㣬С㶼ҪЦˡ
˵õģһΣʲôܵʲô˲ܵ𣿡
໡
С̵ͷС㣬Ľţʾ֪Լˡ
Ǿδģֿɰ
ʱһȺ˸߲ҵĹˡ
㣬Ѿ̫ŪˡͷİЦһã̫ѵ㣬ѵû̫ʱҪħתġ
ҲоģãܹѩصĶʹã˱Ҳ£ȫܹ֤ȫ
𣿡С۾Ҳˣˣô֮ҲȫѩƷˡ
ûѾԹˣ˵һ˵
߰ɣȥ˿С̡Сü䣬º͵ЦЦ
໡
໡
໣
໡
໣
ԭںˣСǣһӵȫ˹໽ţ˼ǣҲҪȥ档
С룬˵ȥҲԣܡ
໣
С̧ͷͦصı֤ţСɷнµĵͷ໽š
Сôϣûж˵ʲôģֱӾʹǳȥˡ
ʵܻεСǲҪ˿һԼܹƺԼЩܻεС̣ʹֺ˵Ҳףǲ̫ܿԼĽ׶Ρ
˵°ɣһԵֻãͶʱĻţǾͻȥˡ
⵹ǹģ
Сźö֮Сʹǳȥˣʱ򣬵·Ѿ޽˺üˣͲСģٶȣֻ¶컹û꣬·޺ˡ
̫ģһ˱˺һ֮󣬲ŵط
Ǹɫܳһ۾ͿԿտƣֻξ֪ʺѩصĳӡ
£ͬһ㵭ĹΣССǰ˿ò˵ŵκͻȼķǷں͵ǡô
·ϱСйһѲսʿڿӵʱ򣬻ûʲôӦС˵֮۾
ֹСǣҲϲز˼飬һ˫˫Բ۾ȫԾԾԡ
໡һСͷ˲С㣬ʾҲȥ
С㻹ûش𣬾ͼСǣҲ˫۷ڴĿаɣҪעⰲȫ
ΪСڣСתѲսʿ˵㡣
ţѲսʿӦһ֮󣬾кСȥˣһֻֻСȫ˳ӡ
ܿ죬Ӿͷˡ
ȼյļһ㣬ܳٵľͿˡ
ڳϵС㶼ûüעⰲȫһĻӾѾŷңڵˡ
ǻֵıͽСЦЦҪİ
·ԽԽ죬׿Խܣ˵ܲˣʱҲ֪˭ӳֱ̫Ӿʹ
СЩȣҲ˵ģû뵽ˡ
ǲֻҪžͺˣѾ쿪Ǳˡѩսʿ˵
໣СŲӽŻӦӣĵòˡ
õĻʱֱС˵
ϲܺãܿ죡ѩսʿ˵
ţһȺС໽űʾͬǴ̫紵ëëϵϢּˡ
Ĵţܳð𾪵ĿԽԽԶ

204 

ѩ徫ӢսʿµǴ, žðһؾصġ
ǻȥٶȺܿ죬ϾˣûҰ
˵ǰˣǳ˯˯˳ԣ֮ǰѩǵ, ͹ܾõˡ
ѩǵÿ䶼װ˵ů, , Ҳһ㶼, ο, ԴӶ֮Ҳû, õؾ͵ġ
Ϊ˽ʡҰ, һٶȻ˾塣
ľ壬ֵϻˣֻľսʿάŻİȫ, ˶Լ棬ٳ
ڰѩսʿǴ֮󣬾ûй, Ҳûйܰ, Լ˲ٵĳԵİ˻ȥ
ѩ徫ӢսʿһԤϵ, ʳһ۵ĵط, Ǿߵˡ
, ҴŶȥһߡһսʿ˵
ȥݷһߵ峤
ȥǱ߿
ȥһϢ
ÿ϶ûã˾Ͷȥˡ
ߵ˺ܾãû
ոշźöʱˣĮˣûܴܳЦ߹ġ
Ȼǲϲѩġ
ûй֪һֱԵõĶõģѩûгԹѩʳǳԺ󣬿϶ͲôˣԼЩġ
ʱտʼѩˡ
ְʳϵѩĨҪҪطʱһͷԵܴӽ̽ͷ˵кܱ˵ɣ
޵µֵðŵģһ˵ѩʳܺóˣҲûҪţϾѩôԶȥһ̫ˡ
ؾͲһˣֵ˵ѩսʿŻˣģһļ۸б˵ġ
룬ʳҲҪˣǺ̻˻ûȳһѩ㣬һóԣܻͷ̻ġ
ǵģԭζɡζɡȻζɡݽζɡζɣҪһ֣°ÿһɶóڹ޵µǰ
޵һ±ˣôࣿ
ɲһֱûζ
ЩȥͺܺóԵɣԥһӾǱߵľѲսʿҪˣе죬⣬Ұ
ʲôûʣ붮ٵľͰѶ˹޵¡
ܿģǮ׾ͽˣھѲսʿʱ򣬹޵ѾŶߵˡ
ѩУ޵ѸٴŶصԼС
ո̫ˣԼҲץ˵㶫Žȥڵˣÿ԰ĵĳԶˡ
ʳŵϣ濴˿һǷʲ衣
֪ģֵ˵ѩˮǺܺúȵģ˻ٺȡ
޵°ѷʲóԼһˮڿɵʱֱųԣ뵽Ǹѩսʿ˵ڹһ»óԡ
Ϊ˺úõƷһѩʳ룬Ǿõ㡣
ŵ֮󣬺ܿˣȫɵرܡ
޵°˳΢һЩ˺°ɡ
˺ɴŵɫͣȥرʳ޵붼ûͳԵ㣬н
޵´ûгԹôóԵɣȸոմˮĻҪóԣһ߳Լɣһĵţѹĺֵһֱ˵ѩʳܺóԡ
Ǻó԰ܵ۾һڷʲ裬ⶬ춼˲١
ŵζԼ޵¼ҵСܣ˿ζˡ
ʲôζô㣬ʵ̫ˡ
㣬ӦɣŵζûгԹ㡣
Сܽŷ죬ͼţܹԵһԽţԽ
˵ʱӦûȥԼļҳóԵĲŶԣֻҪһ뵽ʳеԲˡ
û㡣
ֻСܻ࿴һ۶ܼ尾
ոչ޵º˵˺㣬һǺܺóˣܲù޵·һ㣿
ҾòУôóԵʳҪҵĻǾԲñߵġ
˵Сӵľˣ˵ʵҪĻҲñ˷ôʳġ
ʵ̫˰ŵζܲˣ޵ǲֻһ㣿ŵһɺرζˣŵҸˡ
ҲǡСſϣԼĿˮҪˣǺܼıͣģκǱģǾԲÿˮ˵ġ
⵽ʲôŵζˡ
ǰ̫ˣ峤Ǳ߶ûζ
ֻСܺ漫ˣץӷεġ
ڵĹ޵һ㶼֪ԼſֻСܣʱƷɡ
ոڳ˵һ֮һûԥģȫˡ
ɱ˵ɵʱζ㼫ˣ޲Ͼáеĵȴֵõġ
ƮڵеһɣòˣʿǲôζһֻҸܡ
ڰѹŵ֮󣬹޵̾Ķ죬ԵرĿģоÿһζɣһȴ⿪ܡ
Ǹոյζر㣬һ̵㡭ʲôζ㣬ζҲûŵζ
ҺԣҪûҾãҳԲ·ˡ˵СĿŸ磬۾ȫ£͸һɺԵǿҵϢ
СܸʱҲǷǳԵġ
˵ˣڶӵһ˲䣬СֵܾͺĬģѹ޵¼ҵŸõˡ
޵µǺװڼңҲļװڼˣԶĶ˺ܶࡣ
ֻСܲûù޵ӱܣһ˵ţһߴ󺰵޵壬֪棬㿪š
㿪ţţ֪档
쿪ţǣ
û޵壬Ҫ㲻ŵĻǾͺ峤˵ϴȥң˺þõġ
޵±ֻҵСܵģֻһֻڼúõĳ㣬峤ҵ֮ɫͱˡ
ûģ޵ȥˡ
һŴˡ
ֻСûһȫӡ
ͣ¹֮ѸٵζŨĵطȥ
޵¿ɫʹˣһְŸˣܹȥҪ߹
ĶһֻСܴʱѾֱһˡ
۵ĿԼ㣬ܻ͵ԣ
š
桢óԡ
ֻСܷǳܵӦţҿٵĳе㣬ǳ֮󣬶ʱ˫۷ĿŹ޵¡ϵĹ
ܳԵʳﰡ
ǰԵĶʲô

205 ȫ

ڹ޵ٴеʱ, ĴѾ˳ζ˹
Ҫſ̻ûУ˳ŪԵĻؼҵģߵ⸽֮󣬾ͱһرζסˡ
ʼûаζģǲ֪Ϊʲô, ζԽԽ㣬ʲôû, ֱӾ߹ˡ
ǵȵ˱˼ſ֮, ͻع, һվ⡣
ط
ǹ޵¡
ֿ, ʹţԼûߴط
Ͼ޵ǸĵܣӦǲԼԵĲŶ, 滹кӵ˵˭͵˭ľơ
ѩУصվڱ˵ſ, ˼, ǽȥأǽȥأ
˴ԼѩƮʱ, ĴϾ̧צˡ
˭ڴһʵ
ҡ˵
˵֮, һļž, ܿ, žͱ, ̽һͷϡ
ţң̫ˣȥ治ɫƿ˹޵£˽ȥ
ոŹŵʱ򻹲ԣһţζסˣ㣬̫ˡ
һݣ͵ζԴһֱվ˳Ĺǰ߲ȥˡ
ǰֻСܣһ֪Ǹڼҵġ
˵Ҷˣÿ
ûгԵġСܸ˵
ǳˡСܵܵͷ˵
ԶԶԣǶˡϹĹ޵æ˵֪жôĺڰ
ֱǳӶˡ
Ҫ֪Ļʱ򣬿϶һɵģԲŵĻᡣ
ϣĬƬ̺Ũζ˵Ϊɵ𣿡
޵£
Сܸ磺
Сܵܵܣ
ѵģֻĿţϷ˹ӣóǸװɵĹ򿪸ӣŽ۾
һߡ
ųҲһ
ǰѩصʱҲôԵģһⶼûУǵǻص󣬾Ͳˡ
һܣŻˣͺúõԼһµġ
ŰʳŪãԼһڶûԣΧѾȫˣϼҴڵ֣һСӣˡ
ٳԵ㣬ٳԵ㣬ⶫԶ˲áųŹҪԹˣɵ۾ˡ
ƫƫˣȫݣͷ׵үүǳ겻ڼҵĸĸֵǣЩһѵСܡ
û£Թˣûʵ̫óˡϵϺǼ⣬ϴˬʵЦݣϡڴ͸°׵͸
Ϊ֤Լ˵Ļģڻظ֮󣬸ӿٵĳˡ
ǰԵĶһҪǱ߻УóǸԡһǿ׳ߴĺӱ߳Ա˵
Ǻŵ̬þųҪȥˣԵ࣬࣬˾ȻҪ
ûˡų˵
ͦģЩһһ䵹ģͰһµĿˡ
ôţϵ㣬Ѿˣųȥ㡣
ʼʱǲٵģڳ˶࣬ÿܳ˶ӳԣ˻ԼȥңԼȥ󡭡һؾʹһء
СܵҧԭζɣЩ壬̫óˣǻҪ
ûûˣؼȥųʶЩľַܿӦˣʣµʳѾصռ䴢ָȥˣЩһӦǲ֪ġ
ҪؼңҪ˯С˵
ų޺޵İһ˵
Ϊ֪Щڴʲô⣬ɣûһܡ
ǻȥûϵѾþûкú˵ˣס׷ܳԵһ㡣
ų¾Ͳ㱻ҭסˡ
𾪵ĿԼϲүүŵȻԣûûˣûˣ
˵׷һϣӶҡһ£˵ҿԼôˣгˣ
ţҲǣԼĶӡԱߵĺЦһ˵ǼƴжҪǲµĻʹ׵˼
ųֱǱǵĲҪˣ˼Ƭ̣˵ЩѩģûˣȥϿѩսʿӦûûߡ
Ļһ䣬ΧĴСǣ۾ȫˡ
ǿٵϵʳֱﱭһ㶼û֮ŷ׷˳ȥ
ųűٵһɶӣֱ˺ü໰
ûˣҪʰһ£ѩأ
ͬʱͬ飬ҲԱϡ
ûãѲ߶ӶԱǣͿǷһĳѩ̯ĵط˹ȥ
쳣ֱӾһˣû뵽ǣǻû˵˿ٵſңҪˣ궫˵
ʲô
Ѳ߶ӵĶԱǻû˵Ϳ鼱֮£ֱӾͱܣȺǱ߳ˡ
Ѳ߶ӵĶԱǣǻ࿴һۣÿȫɻ
ⲻǴ˵еķܲɣһѲ߶ӶԱЦֻЦ˵꣬ͿҲͬ飬ͬٶȣͬĵط
ӣǳЦˡ
ԣ׷ʲô飿
߼Լֵܣұ߼ű峤ɶǣǰǸһ㶼ϵģûõ˼ɰòᡣ
һǰһʳǲҪˡ
Ҳɵİ峤ۼȥˣֻһߵţһߺʹ˵
ǰҲˣ¶ٵЦݡ
峤Ҳûô˳ֻۣҪһ뵽ʳһһ٣Щ
ЩһǶʧȫһܾͺˡ
Ҿòٶһ㡣峤۰Ͱ͵Ŀǰ˵
ǰСһﲻ˵ѩǱ߳Եĺܺ𣿿ʼһţڡ룬ʳҲû򣬲ѩˡ
峤ЩУʱǱȽˣҪֵûˣǾ˵һ춼óˡ
̻˻ûҾãˣҲʲôģɻûóԣ˻Ѿ̨ˣǺѩ㡣
峤ǰյ˻ʱ췴̨ϢʱǺ𾪵ģ̻ỹÿ¶ʣҲνˡ
ν죬еˡ
ѩʳҪøӵĺó԰ҲǸӵƯ
뵽ǰ͵ſڵĿ⣬̲סҪҰͻζˣϧֻһ㣬ܿͳˣСɡͲųһζûˣϢ֮󣬾ˡ
ҪûȫǿһȰѶ˵ģʹһˡ
˵ǰԲˣֵǵʱ򣬻ûУǶӦòɣѩҲԵ޹ʵ岿䣬Ӧǹġ
ҲԣǰѩѣָЩǾǴôһ
һʱ䣬峤ϰµġ
˵ֵǵʱ򣬵׻ûУŴʵ
ȻҲ뵽ѩ磬Ĭһ£˵һ
䣬λȨܣ˲Щ޿ˡ

206 ǽ

Բ, ǰܣǸ㣬Ұֵ, ܲĺζ, ̲סˡ
ǿס, ˵һһ, ǾȻ͵͵꣡
̫˰, ǲôҪûС, ҳܲһֻܼҪ˵
к̻Сɡ
ҪԼȥ, һܣ㻹ƭ˭أŭĻعͷ
һ˵, Ҿÿֻܶһ, ֮⣡
ʵ㣬һֻʵܲ𣿡һֻܼ϶Сܵ
ǰ˲̫ܰҿһĸҷŻȥŭ, ˭أͽص˼
ѩ, ǰʹ, ļһͲ, Ƿ׷׿ڣΪԼ塣
ں棬ǵ۾أǰģԾһ㣬һ쵽ģܲһֻĵܡ
ûΪܵÿ˲Ҫû򵽣ʱǿܵÿ죬ܵÿ졣˼вȺ
ôͷˣĸзҲͶˣ룬ҪˣܴĻȥ𣿡
ʲôһĵĺдԵ
Ƕϵһܲµġ
ȺУ˶ݵİ
ǻεģǱԭεľǣû˵ֳ˷ѩǶϲѩ
ϿѩսʿⲻϹء
ȻǶ죬ǲǿԷԼٹ죬̻˾ҪˣȥɡĻ˵꣬ǼͱһԭζСɡ
ʲô
㳢ùСɣЦ˵
ͻȻСɵܣЩᣬԼҵүү˵ʲôԼʣµСɣĬĬԶ˵㡣
ԡ˵
֪һһŰ壬ҲǿֱӾ͸峤һȻһѸǰѹƶϣһܿٵͣСɸ˽ȥϡ
ϣ
Ҫɸ³ģԱʾԼʲôܣͷСɺǹζɵʶҧڡ
ҧֲ֮Ծľ׽˼£ȫԺ󣬶ϵ۾ԭѩѹ˰ߣʰһ¶ȥҼ
Բۣ
ˣ϶̫޳ˡ
峤⧲ĿʼԼˣô˰ҪǰԼô˵Щʲô飡
ǿʼķʡˣǲడ˵ҪƤغ
ûǵС񣬶Ͽѩսʿ˵˲٣ǵѾܳʱûǲˣˣҴȥߡ
ѩսʿ˵ð
ϵЦݸˣ̯λϵĶʵЩٰɣûϵҶˡ
ȵȣ϶岻ãǿȥЪŰɣЩˡϴǰ˵
峤ЩӦģǶȥϢɣһսʿǴõġ峤˵꣬תѩսʿǣɫ͵ȫҪˡ
岿ǣ
ȻˣѩʳǱǸˣȻÿֵֻܷö࣬ҶԵˡ
ÿĶ죬ܲ˶Լҵģȵ˴ʱ򣬲Ż
⣬Ϊ˻ӭѩѣԼԺѩǵʳԳԣ峤ӭġ
򵥵˵ѵõĲǮԳԳԡ
Ƕܸˣʱطȥˡ
ǰҲڴֻôڲһˣȫûгԹʳ
ʲôȰʲô̼ʲôȫ򰡣ζǾ;òУƫƫЩѩսʿ˽˴ģûж٣ǾȥҲˡ
ǣһڵʿˮһĲɵ졣
һ̣еﶼڲͣſٿ㣬Ҫˡ
ڵϣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀæµѩսʿһڣµ͵Ŀˮ˵ҪٿͺˣҺǰæȻܲ棬ֻһֻǿġ
ܸ˸ĵʿˮ˵һãڵصôܣһǿɿ
ΪѣǲӦѩսʿȥģҪǣǰܣ͵ԣűߵģѡѡȥˣҲû
峤ʱͷˣѩǵʳӦѩսʿźóԣûڡ
ѩսʿǷǳ˵ģ˹ӶҺǾĿʼ
ŵ֮ǰԵǸζǣⲻζ⡣һֻ˵
Ҳ֪ˣҾ֪Ǹʲôʱã̫ˡ峤Żе˵
ǱߣѩսʿĿ
ȫѡΪҪԭϣþۡˮơۺȻ۵ȵɺ״ȵĨȫȻſʼģʱζͳˡ
һŵ˱ζҲ֪Щʲôһѩսʿĺڷӳ˵
ΪŵζҲˡ
ǿ׳ĻҰ죬˵ѩԵ̫˰ɣ֮ǰð˵ʱһš
ͣҰͣƷſζοԼҲǳԵˡ
ѩսʿڱˣһ˽ضûеģ峤ƴ֣ǮǵʳĶˡ
УʳԽŨˡ
ҪǾдﶼˣЩǻָʲô顣
ڷ̲跢ȥ֮󣬾峤ԽԽסǣòӭǰʼˡ
Ϊ˲Ե̫Сһû峤þӢսʿѩսʿǸ滻ô˵ǲܶģ͵£ѾˣҪܶû취ˡ
ˣǻúá峤ٵ˵ŸлͻӭĻȻҲѸͶ뵽ʳսȥˡ
û취һ仰û˵꣬ЩǾѾɵ˲ʳˣǻɣҪԼٶ˵䣬˵ǳˣȲȺġ
ʵ̫˽Щˣ
һʱ䣬̻ʵģûһֻġ
ѩսʿǿһľᣬôܣ⼷ȥ
û£һ߳Ծͺˡ˵
ţ⻹бӣ˭Ҫ

֪ЩǲˣҴɡ
ѩսʿֺǺǵЦЦʼԵʳ
һ죬ܲǣԵģ˵ǴϺ峤ˣǹŰ岻ϲͨĶϣҲѾȲҪѩˡ
һҹѩʳҾ壬ǵõѩԵѩСɡ
ûע⵽һ𣬺̻ܵشӰ졣

207 

죬һȺڵѩǡ
ǵ嶼ܲ, ձԲó, ֻиǿ׳ģǿ׳ҲǳԲõ, ɫŵҰס
Կ, һ·϶ǳ˲ٵĿġ
ܴԶĴӸػ㼯, ҲһĵģǾǣĴ˻ٶܵġ
ֻǵļܣԼϺ, Ϊݵԭ, ʱԼˡ
ڴӱ˿ѩصʱһʼǲŵ, ǵԽԽð߶ô˵֮, ǾҲûԥˡ
Ҳ߸ͻãȥ, Ǹð߿ûūûֻҪܹԼĵط
ĵط, ˶ģǣʵоȻĳˡ
ʫξ, ʱοԼĻ, ǽʵʵĴð߿б˵˳, ȻǱ˵˳֪ˣôǾ룬ҲҪץס
ץס
Ҳץס룬ץס
֪һԼ϶ǣ֮꣬Ҫѩصģѩǿ
һȺվѩǵıԵشոµķݣЩˣðǺƵĿ⡭
ˡ
ʵڽѩصʱ򣬿ǷɿȥĻ𳵣Ǿ֪ǲһˡ
ֿЩأм־ϲǶ죬лƮѩһ۾ϳЩǸֹĵء
ôأǾ˵ӦҪ˵İ
ʱǲûãȻģܶˣ㰾ȥˡҲɹԼѩ֮󣬻᲻ᷢ߸ʲôûС
ֻߵģǸܺõĵطǸ
һ·ϣߵúܼѣݸҲѾԹˣڣѩˡ
￴ȥĺܺð
һЩطôãĻ𣿡
ҪǲԸĻǾҪˡ
ͺѿϵճ
ЩľЩڴţУ˿ȻûиõǻǺʹ
һпȥôƽ֪˵ǲƽģܲµĹؼʱҪˡ
һȺˣеŮٶĿǰѩսʿ
ӦµĶԲԣ˵ġһؾĿڴĿԼĸס
ϵؾӵͷ˵Ӧûİɡ
ȮĺڷŮԶķݣ˵˵ûкڰģûж鰵Ӧÿµİɣ
૵СǺܿģǸԼһ㣬Ŀּᶨֻǳ˺ͷҲŲʲô鰵ˣǸսʿ
ڵ˰ֻҪһڷԣҾܼҵоˡһ߸̾
ԱߵһЦЦûǿԼоġ
˵۾һᣬᶼˡ
΢Цŵļ򣬻ûο꣬ԼۿҲỨһӣǺܲװ
һһӡǰţԭģŨҵϣ
ǲһġ
Щǰʱ峤ĿɿڴĿСĹ滮
һֱ֪һǰսʿȫû뵽ѩǶôˣȻһֻС̻ģ
ô峤˫ĿЩģ
ҪǸոսʿװѵͼóû뵽ѩѾôĳˡ
һ£ȷʵûûҹĸɻġ
Щ֪޵ġ
Щ·֪ʱսʿǹȥġ
Щ·ơ
Щ̻
Щ
峤΢һ룬ȫˡ
۾˲ԲˣŵؿС㣬ԣѾкܴѩˣ
˵ЩǳаСĴ˸Ƿ
Щӣ˭Ҳûͣ£ÿ춼æòˡ
ǣѩôĳУ峤ױкܶĻҪ˵ģǵѻ˵ں־ƺӵġ
ѩرǵİΪʲôôĳأ
һ˲䣬峤׻ȻС㣬Ҫ˵ͻȻ߽һսʿ峤㣬һȺˣҪ򹤡
ʲôҲ˹峤Щ˼飬ӻûת䣬ǰѩؾͲˣҲеģǶ춼Ҫģ⻹ͷһ
ܿҲˣѩôãЩҪҲǺġ
Ĳ˵ߣûΣյġ
ûˣѾѩιһιˣҪ𣿡
սʿ˵
ҪҪҪܲ£¾£µģԵͳȥ
峤ϲɫ˵
ǰĻҲôУҪǣղŲŷ֣սʿѾõˡ
ЩãֻҪãһŹġ
ûж˵ģ峤ܹȥˡ
ǱԭҪԼˣҪһ°ȫȫһ棬˲鿴ǲĵġ
ǰڣѩضĿҪĵطǾԲ˹ġ˵ڵѩѾչôˡ
ҿôãǾԲñ˸ƻģ
ȵ˵ط峤һһЩ֮ŷĵսʿȥԱʳóԷ
ţԤ֧ʵĳԵ֡
һȺ˱ʳõʱ򣬻Щ¡
ѾˣֻҪ£ʲôԣû뵽ûϣȱйԷˡ
ϵѩЩ᲻ȫģѾܸˣû뵽
ſеʳǻ࿴ţûһ˸Ƚȥ
죬Ŷˣ᲻óԣ˻ҪǼǣȻɻԤ֧ʵġʳøɻѩսʿ˵
Щһݹ˺ۣһ֪ӲùԶɻúá
ѩսʿĻ֮һȺ϶ʱͳ˴ЦǸ˼ˣû뵽ǸǳԵģȻԤ֧ʵģûаôԴţв˵ᶼˡ
ǲ˵Ƕܹˣ
̫˰
лллл
˵жȼž޴ϣǾ˽Լ˿̵飬˰
ⶬȻвˣ
ǰȻ⣬ÿ˶
㰡ⱲӳԹóԵĶˣҴŵܹܵˡ
ǰǰǰ滹мÿ˶УֵǵʱӦҲеģޣǲţһ죬ֳʳǲݸǡʵĲͽүүսˣҸսˣҲûܣЩ鲻Ҹɵģء
ûطû
Ҫ֪ͺˣٿҶҧģҶˣһģһħֻҪʲôҶԸ⡣
ʱÿ˶ҧţ˵طȴЩˡ
ķ˪ûǵӣѩصůȴЩҽӽ
ÿһ˶û˵ԼĹȥǣ˶֪ǲʲôͨˡ
ЩܵūЩ࣬ЩǱϵġָݶУΨһĹͬǣȥˡ
ǡѩǣǻľô棬ڲ֪ĸ䣬ѩǵһ̣Ƕ˹ͷҲĹˡ
ããûط
ûĥΪ֣û˴̣ǣû˻ɱˡ
ǴûԳԱеطֵֻ꣬Ҫžͺˣͨһžͺˡ
û뵽
ľʵ˰
˱߳ԱĬĬĿš
ͬһʱ䣬īҲѩѾ˾塣
ˣҲˣô̶̵ʮڣѩѾǱ߷չˡ
ǵѾܵصĴˣʧȥ˾֧֣ǱߵҲѾʼѩƷˣҡСͣ
īɫǳѿ˵ʲô
Ƿ֣ѩƷʳﻹǵҪøãֻܰƷȫ͵ˡ
˵ֱ꣬Ӿ͹ˣսľĵȴŴ
Ǳߵĵ˵ǳˣֱͨ壬ˣҲˣǾΣյǣѩƷѾƲɵˣĶܺãҼ۸񻹱ˡ
īź˺µģиǲͷˣ˵ˣȥɣоġ
ǣˡ˹˸֮󣬾ȥˣȳ֮ʶԼѾȫǺˡ
ôˣһͬǰʵ
±ϸ»Ҫأûųˡ˿Լͬ飬˵ǻǿ߰ɣȻ
˵˵ͷѸٵ뿪ˡ
棬ԾһʼͷûаѩģʱѾˣѩ壬˵ˣҪʲôҲҪǵġ
ЩѾܹˣ̻ĳǲΪͷ۵ġ
¹£˼ȵӰӴǽϴҴȥҹ紵ǱīǴЦŪŴ̨ʢŵ󷱻

208 ĬĬػ

Щ죬СһֱΪǵ̸, ǵЧ, Ĳ˵, Чġ
ʧȥצսʿħ֫, ֶľֻиֱˣЩ棬Ŀǰпܵõˡ
ȥ˺üˣ˸߼ۣҲֻ˸ͬȥǱ, ľͱˡ
ȿ, ȻС㻹ȥо˵Ĵ, Ҳ, Լߵء
Լʱ֮СȥԼ, ʱ, ѩصĶ, ܲ뿪, Ȼõ, ǱһҪôҪĻҲܹܵ, ϾӺ, С
Сæµŵʱ, ѩеһѾǱȥˡڸӦǿ֮, ʲôû˵һǰһ뿪ԭء
ѩǱԵ
ҹУϢء
Ŀ⵭Ȼɫĳ˳ŷţϵϢһǿ
û뵽صôת¶һſֱݡ
һֱãСҲͨսû뵽˱ԼҪǿһ㡣
ֹһ㡣
˵Ӧ˰ɣȻҵһμʱ򣬲ûз֡
ǸʱȥȮıʱʵڵģҪһҲַġ
ʱûаħ˵ѩڣڡ
繴𴽽ǣдһ˿ǳɻ󣬡ؽҳΪ
ű˽гȥ趫˾ˣҪ˵ûϵǲŵġ
ǵ屦ǲġڸоɱ֮󣬱۾΢΢𣬡Ұ˸𣿡
㲻ᡣƯдŵ⣬ͦΣĵģ˵ģȴ˸С
ǡ
籡΢ƽҪ֮ǰǲһģϾǸˣǸء
ѩôģͲʲôܡ
Ҫ˵û˴ѩע⣬Ǿ͸ӲˣǸˣֻҪлᣬ߾û˵ʱ
ȻĴѩսʿҹţ˵ĹͰɡ
ʱҲţľͺˣͲ÷ȥˣϧˡ
еͷתǧţȴ˿ֻ֪Ҫ˵˶˲ҹǺ߳Ƭˡ
뵽е㲻ģѩδߵһ嶤ʵȴûа취ٹռΪС
ǲģЩ˵˵ǿԸǻȥһˣģҲһȥġ
˶٣ҹеǹһĨڽĻȣҲߣ㲻Ҳû취
ˣر˵Ŀġ
ǸˣֻԼ֪֪޾˶ˡ
ǰˣֻǱ˵˼ڱͬ˼ɡ
ֻߵĿУɲǵķâָֻܿĵ̬飬ܡ
˵꣬תȥˡ
ҹɫУӰܿʧˡ
ǣĿĴﵽˣͶѵõıˣ¶õɫʱͽ˰
ڰ߳һ壬üڣѾҵطˡ
ȻͿʼɡ۵ȫǱ֮ɫôһֱѰǸħδܽˡ
һ˲䣬徫ӢڳҹɫУڳĴ£ȥ
ͬʱīҲѾյϢ
ǴЦˣڣȻˣǾͲҪٻȥˡ
ϵĺǣ˲ɱʮ㡭
ҹڻȥһõĹ⣬ҫ˴ϡ
峤һҲУԴõСļƻֱ֮ˡ
ǱߵķҪٽ˵ˣʱ򣬻ˡ峤˵ţֿ˿ƻ˵»Ƕź𣿡
Ѿźˣ֮ǰڸ˵ģڶڹǱߣʹˣöܿġӰӰ˵
ǾͺãҲиǻġ峤΢΢ЦЦ۾ȫĹâ
ʱ䣬½½ģѩսʿңԶĵطǶһˣɰ飬żģҲʮһġ
ǲʲôʱģֻҪܻͺãͺˣֻҪͺܿˡ
ǲк˰Ҫϡ峤˵ţҪ֮飬ֻĻû˵꣬ʹ˳ֵ
һӺڰˡ
ӺڰȻǺܼȵģ峤֮󣬴˸кֱӽˣкڰѩع𣿡
֮ǰУڲǶȥ𣿡峤׿ǼеӣЩ⣬ǰѩصĺڰѾлȥˡ
û𣿡Щգ˵ǺҵƵľˣļһﶯԼĴоˣѹֻȫˣŸոսζҪ˸ץȥ
Խ˵Խóֱӽ峤ף˵߾鷳ˣץ˵Ļǻýġ
á峤һ˵Ǯ飬Ӧæˡ
ǾˣǼһȻûйǾһ˳һ·ȥˣǵģǸĴľľҪ˳ôˣҪǺڰ鿪ս
ᱧԹһͨǱ֮ʱ䣬ܹˣģҹ󵽴ܣ¶ޣûһúõģʱ򻹻ᱻħ޶ȥ
峤ױʾ⣬֮ѻݸӰӰ֮ǰǸɣȻѩ壬ǾͿͺˡ
ӰӰ˲䶮ˣ濴ץץǴͲˣ˲º֪ͨڰһˡ
˵׵ġ
ţ˲顭
ԶķϣһڷվӰУѾøǿˣȴԶûа취ĳ¡
Ŀ⸴ӵĿŽֵ߹С㣬ʲôҲû˵ˡ
С̧ͷ˿ֻһƬ׵ƶƮ
ϸĹ۲һ£ܲûʲôرģֻΪԼҹû˯ãŻﲻԡ
Сջߣתͼȥˡ
ŴͼݵţͿһˡ

緱֣ڵ徲ƽ͡
ڷͦεվǽߣģ·Ǵبŵʱ߳һ㡣
ܺϣһ°ʣȥƺýӽȴҲûôĲýӽ
Сע⵽֪ʲôʱʼ˫Ư۾ѾԼصɣֻпһնûС
վƺ룬ȴַ·Ѿ硣
СЦ˵Ҳˡ
ţ㡣
𣿡С
ûУ㡣
ûʲô¶ȣȴñ䣬СܹЩ²˿ƺЩԼô
Ǻһ㣬Ŭѧ˵
СЦЦϴûŵϣ˵Ǿһɣϴεĺħûꡣ
š
紵ҳŵͷݵС㣬硣
棬ŵҲѾ׼ˣǰյսʿ֪ͨ˵ǲѾ̸ˣԸЩеƵġ
űǲȥģܹѩѾܺˣ˷ڵԴˣǸսʿһ峤׸仹ҪǣΪεĻᣬǱѾƤܾˣԷòײͬġ
֪ˡûж˵ģ֣صĵ˵ͷʹսʿǸˡ
һѩսʿǣʱ򣬲˶ǿ˵ģɸһ
վԼĵϴЦѩԽԽ˰嶼˵ˡ
ɸʱѩǵģǸʱﻹֻѩ岿䣬ֻһðߡ
ڶðУֵʵߵģȽϺãðȻòãҲġ
ѩѩ֮˵Ĺ£֮ǰǮ￪һСꡣ
ĶǱߵزԼȥѩõĶ
ʼʱĵûʲôģģ˾ͶˣҶԸߡ
֮ǰ׬˲ٵǮģȻûʲô⣬Ҳһ㶼š
ѩûзӵģеǮͶҵˣһ㶼ûйϵ̵Ľṹ¥ģһȫӡ
֮ǰĶҪãֵвˡ
ѩսʿ֮ɸҲ˳ȥſڵСʯϣɹ̫ѾܾûôˣùΣյӡ
ǵСʱĸУëģǸʱС׵ʱİжô
ĸˣǵİ³ɳΪһðߣǮȥ֮󣬸űѩء
ǲģΪʲôҪѩأʯϣͬɹ̫ħþߵ
һѩģǹò̫õģλǲһģϰߺʹźԣǹŻеġ
ϳ̶ѩεգζЦЦ˵֮ǰΣ֮ؿģǸʱ򿴵˺Ȥ飬֪ô
Ŷ𣿡
ɸȤʵ㵱ʱʲô
СӣЦҵʱһֻèȻèһ߳Σ֮ǱߵҰ⣬û뵽ĳɹˡ
Ŷһֱûг𣿡ɸʵ
ûУҾͿ뿴ʲôʱᱻħ޳Եģû뵽ôȤ顭
ϳ˳̣³
û뵽ǣһϵб仯
Ǹ̲ЩС̣ѩΣ֮ظȥˣѩصı仯˾ò˼顣
󰡡
ЦЦ
ɸû뵽õĻش֪λĻشûô򵥵ģв²ⲻʲô
ϣůůģó֮ǰ̲裬ͬʱóĻСӺСɡ
ҪһЩ𣿡ʵ
Ҫģӣʵ̫ʺɹ̫ˡ˳ִϣ˸СɣҲû׳԰׺˼ҵģǴԼħָ棬ó˱Сģһȥ
ߣôУҲó˵ɣһ
ʵƽǺ˵ģʱһĬͺȫõıﱻһ㡣
ð
ǰҵǣ괺Ҳˡ
̫˰

209 

ǴѩĻǵĹ˹ֲ, ע¶ʪԼӪȻ, Ҫ, ҪСİȫȻֻҪǰߵħΣ, ԼҲе㹥ģҶҪעһ㡭
һ٪ַ߽ǳħʦӭħֲһ¢¢ʢħ࿪ţʮͬԱںŲժ
ͬĴ, һ, 鼼Աڽ⻨ܲժ
׼﹤, һĶú档
ЩԱͨͨ, û㱾£û취ʤߵĹ
Ͳ˵, 츳, ĽĽ֡٪ҲǸ, ǰƲõʱ, Ϊ˲Ǳץȥū, ͶںֻƵΣֲ˵Ǻ˽ֲˡ
ѩƸĹͼԱ, רŴԱֲħֲġ
˵ħֲֲÿÿħֲ, ֵԼһ, ѩԴ˿˵ǳˡ
Ĳ˵, ˵ЩˣѡŲܹģЩͨģȫ߲ͨ˻Ǳ߸ɻء
棬ữεСѾ֪޾ˡ
ոճûֻСĸ׵Ļһûһ̣ǸѩսʿŲˣͰŵ˿ڴ
ԱߵСǼĸҪˣһĸϽϣҪȥһطͶ
СߣѾƳµħˡ
ֶȻڶԸħϲ̫ãصʲôʵ̫ˣٺը١
ѩö̫ˣҪûʲôԱܲңСһֱйעֵģϾھ֮ڶһܽ⣬Ǿͻǣ׼
ǹһˣһ߳緹һľᡣ
Щѩ˻᲻ͻȻˣҪǲ˵ĻǾҪòˡ
ǡ
ǲ˵ĻôֵܾͿһֱ߳ѩסѩˣҲǲܺһˣе㲻
һֱŵģϡ
û뵽ǣѩսʿȻĸˣ۳˵ܵŪ̫ɡ֮󣬾Ȼв١
磬ĺöడ̫ˡĹ֮󣬰ǮݸЩǵѩ˵첻ùˣǲǲ˰
ˮ֣ͻȻһ٣˶Щˡ
ǿЦЦ˵Ӧòɡ
Ȼô˵ˣֵ˭ҲţɣǲϣѩսʿͻԱλӡ
֮󣬻ϹʾҹȻز䣬͵͵Ǽߵġ
򿪴˳ȥֱ֮ӱһֻ޴ӥҲûϺȣžȥ˸ıϡ
Ƿ˺ܾãڷɵӥ䡣
˵ˣ֮ǰ뿪Ӹưˣ붼֪Լ϶ⲿǮӥˡ
Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬ûûԥģֱӾҵ峤ڵĵط˵ˡ
ӣӥ峤ˣǲµģǿŻǮԼЩ飬ɳܵĶˡ
ûԥģֱӴɤһڵǶ
ҹӥӥǣֱӾͿῪȻΪ˱סԼǮ;ڰҹϢ󣬾ѾȻȥˡ
ڶ졣
ѩǷһֻСӥȻַһֻӥһԣͽˣܹܲϺӿˡ
Сӥų󵨣İɡ
ȻͿλãֱӾˤѩһʳ̫ɡϣûãļҳֱӾͱѲ߶ӵ˸ˡ
ӥѩصıԵʱʱ͵ǶԸӵ
ΪǼٵģû뵽ǳԵסĶǺðֱӾѩĵϹ˺ӡ
һŵӥʵ۾ˡ
֮ÿֻȥ͵ӥûкɫ
ڳ⣡
ǵķôôã
̫ĽˣѾþûжˣⶬ컹ûء
˵ţȥӥˣûȥӥҪȥ
ǣҪ۲һµ飬û죬ӥĸҲסˣӥ峤ڵ֮󣬾ͼˡ
һ㲻˼ûеģһһңӥǴһӥˡ
ڵĵֻӥʱѩѲսʿǾ;ˣȵ̵ֻʱֱӾͱѩսʿһԾסˡ
סӥصʱ򣬻±ƵģԱߵĶʱ̾ͷ˸װˤԱߵĴֱۼֿѩսʿˣСĵ㡣
˺üΣˣڶݵ±ƹӥĿѩսʿһֱۣ۵һ˳޵úôί
ֵѩսʿ±ˣôͿأ
ûãǾûʱ±ˣΪÿѩսʿһֻӥС̡
С㱻йʱ򣬿ľǰվһŵӥ
Щӥǵ󣬶վǵļҳеһҾеһڣеĸˣһɨȥжʮˡһ̴ֻʮʮڼ˵ϣ
С㻹û˵ЩӥˣѾ¶˿Сˡ
ǲ䣿Сʵ
ţܸɻģʲôԡӥ峤ʱѾ֪ˣ˵Ȩѩ峤Ȩ󣬵¾ǸְͽС
С㣺
󼸰ǧڵˣ˵ҲаɣͿݣѵĻҲԽܹ
ģһкܶѣԹģӥ峤ϲֲʧׯصЦ
죬ѩصĿϵͳͽˡ
Ϊ˲ϳȥ½ʳûʳӣӥгӥĸѩſݡ
ǴС죬ǶûκԹͻ裬ÿ͵һǶһ䣬ӥٿݣʹش
һһȥˡ
ûãħī˴ڴ½ϴˣսܼңħīѳȥЩ徫ӢǴòҪҪģľӢսʿҲûŹֱӾʹɵˣϧǵ˺ڰԨ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
ʱŵ˱лһˣΪһ죬ѩ޹ʽˡ
ѩѾ˺ܶĳУҽͨǳķ㣬ǳ֮䣬ѩأѾŸֲͬˡ
ߵ׶ǻ֮ǣаٻ֮⣬ּ滨Ǯ֮
ǽ֮ǣд½ܹҵ壬öܿġ
ѩǹǮ˱Ƚϲĵط羰ݻʲôС
⻹СУѩأѾ֮ǰȫһˡ
峤վѩصߴǽĿŴأԱߣиɹĴ
һȼߵħʦ̾ȥѩ绨ѩ
ϴȥʱѩһƮ䣻ٶǰѩһİޡ
ѩ޹
֮ǰѩĴѩĲҵѾٻʢѸٷչˡ
С峤ȥд֮Լȥæˡ
ЩߺͿ˲Զꡣ
ߣ׵˵ͷ
ĻƮļϣУݻǰľ£һǰš

210 ػ

С㳯ķȥ
վԭ, õһƬ, һжԵôҫۡ
ĵ⣬С㿴ɫ
Ǻܰȵġ
ʲô, һӰһվ󣬿ֻ鷳ֵʱ򣬲Żᵲǰ
ҲˣС㿴, ޳ͦ, üĿȻ续
е㲻ġ
֮ǰȥѩ, ˭Ҳ֪ȥʲôˣ, С㵹Щ, Ļû˵, ͼóһ, ˹
ЩĵͷһǸڵúµһ
ǣ
͸ġѵݸС, ˵棬ǲĵġ
С㿴ŵԥ, 
šӦøɴ䡣
ˣʯˡ
ǲһī, Ǹ
ʣôҵģôöûҵ
һ·ߡ
һѩеѩ÷һ·Żꡣ
ͣ½Ų, , ˵СͷĻꡣ
ָЩֻһ˲ܿ뿪СĶͷűµĻ꣬΢΢ЦЦ
£עӵú棬СΪҪ˵ʲôʱӣҺиӦġ
ʶջ֣ǻСĵ߬ġ
ģ⣬ˣҲǰ顣۵״żֳŪ⡣
𣿡
СЩ죬뵽ǵĹϵҲЩȻˣûҪġ
΢΢һЦ
̻ЩҲˣѾӰǱˣǩħԼ󣬾ˡĵ
÷覣ҷŨ
Сһ㶣ϵЦݸŨˣ̫ˣˮת
ʱѩսʿ˹СԵ֮󣬸ˡ
ڴţƮɢŵ㡣
ѩĻ࿪ţףҡվѩ÷£С㣬˷Ļ֮ǡ
ãŵͷĵǻꡣ
һȻĮ۾Ĳһһֱڵġ
ѩ÷İϮԶ磬ƢĿ
Զڵ˯īĪĴ˸֮󣬷˸˯
С㱧˸ֳսʿ˵Ϳʼծ
һ㶼ûǣһѩ嶼ʲô
£СЦɭɭ

211 ǵķ

Сһ͵ĿԶ, ߵСڲݵϷţȥ档
˸, иСС̹ˣɻȥˡ
ЩСʱصĴչ׼ë, С㶼е㱻ŪϰˣǵĿǱƿˣҲĽԼܻ
ȻˣһС̾Ͳˡ
Ǹƻ, ÿοǸƻʱ, Сͻ̧צӸһơ
ܵС, Ҳ׵ĺСܵģ򲻴ù˵, Сʳ϶ûˡ
Ҳ, ǾǱˡ
һʱʱľǵ鷳, ؼ, ûиСʳżС̵ʳ, ǺܶԵˡ
С㵭ȻĿǱ߹ı룬֪, һŹûʲô顣
ѩսģٷϲĵѩ, Ҳһս, ҪѧߵļҪлְˡ
С㱾ûʲôӦ, ǿһ˵ʳ֮ʵ̲סһƹȥˡ
뱾ǴСʳƵģû뵽Լûп˵ͱ˸ţצӺһ´ԴϣֱӾͰˡ
ߵʳ˵ϡ
ͷϵʹС㱣ס˾롣
໣ִȥ֪ˡ
㻹ȸ״˰С˵ţһ㶼ԵĵͺֱӾͰѵϵСʳһԿȴĿ
ǲǷˣ벻ŵĿԼսƷȥˣ鶼
ۿԼСʳҪ˳ˣû˵ȥǻû˵ˣԼȱ˵ˡ
໣
ʳˣ
転
»ˣ˵ˣҶأ
ļֱˣûһ죬Լᱻһߴˡ
ֵǣ֣ߴߴĳ˹ʱȻڲϵıǿܵϵʹ󣬱òܴˣٴȥҪˡ
İСѹ˶棬ѹʵʵģĿ׺ݵòˣȴŭջצӣɫСһۣˡ
ߵʱСģܵûܿ죬ȥòˡ
Զ֮󣬱ͣԶֵ̺һεС㣬Ŀø
ûãǰξͽɢ˿ȥ
û뵽ΡڰҹЦ
һ㶼ˣ̧ͷޱǶһ
ҹͻȻͳĬˡ
ѩؽĵڶʮ꣬ʱҲ˺ڰֵȨѾѩ޹סˡ
ֻǣЩ׵̫ˣŻΪǿ
ʱ򣬸ڵһѩѾԼС̡
ӭӸճ̵ĵһ飬ʻǣǰĸһĶžžžֱΪֹ
໵Ŀˣ˿̵顣
⣬߹Ľֵ

212 δ

һǧ
ѩѧѩµŰӣҴѧУȥ
ʦҪѩʷ, ڿ, ÿ˶Ǻڴġ
, ҽܶ, ǰζġһѩͬϵǹŵϡ
ԭζǡǡǡˮǡǡ
ЩǵİװҲܸ, һ֪ǵЩͬ
ѩһǷŵҸ۾, ʵѾȱ, ÿһѩ̶ᱻҳͶι, ǳԺ󣬻ǻϲЩζ
þû˰һؾͬѧ˸ˮǣʵͦϲֵ, ζܺá
ǽŮ˰ɣҷϵģ̫ţˡͬѧ߹˵
ǰ, ҵ˺ܾãŮĵһ죬͵λ, ٶˣҲ, ڽϹ, άͲ, Ǽ򵥴ֱĽ˸سս⡣ѩһ˵
Ҽǵ, ˵ΪˣڱԼ£ҪΪʲôģû֮ͣά塣٪ͬѧһļ
ǿ巢չģ飬Ҳˣ˼¼ȱҵ滷滹¼ѩŮ
Щ飬Ǽ¼ôһ㶼ŵģͬˣȻô
ǰҿ˼巢չʷ֪ǵؾؾó׾ݵ㡢ؾʦؾʵҡؾ̵ꡢؾ󶴡ҡؾͧ¥ûһŮƶġؾ˵һ档
ʵϸ˵Ǹ¶ǰǸʱֻбķݵģȴúõĶѧȡѧ
ǸˣµĶֱһֱء
ֻҾãŮһЩ˺ܶ𣿡һŮ˵
ʲôѩͬѧЩ±ˡ
ǺǵоϣȢ϶ŮйصġŮ˵
ɲص໣Ůѩġһѩ귴
ԣŮħģħīһӶŮңʷ֤ġ
˵ħԸʶ䣬ŮţҾã嵱ʱļſоһµģǶѩ޳סһӣҪ֪ʱɲڰϲĻ
ȮĴҲѩأǲΪǺģˡ
õõãȮûģ̫ˣǱȿڽǰ͵˵ġ
Բԣǻ峤ʱΪŮǧѩصģ϶氮
˵ĺڰħʦѩû뿪𣿡
һˣͬѧΧһ𣬳òɿ
ѩͷģԣԣŮֻϲ
һֱϿ
ʷʦ˽ڽ̨˵˵˵ѩ޹ŮС㡣
Ҫ֪Ǹʱûʲôɿ˵ģСֱӱץȥūģ״̬һֱŲ̊ūƳʧˡ
ˣڿĻǵʱŮδ䡭
һ֮ƶ˵ʱķչ˸ƽദľ桭
ûŮʹٹ꣬Ҳ飬㲻ûҪ桭
һĬʷʦڽѩŮʱ̨࣬µͬѧҲ쳣棬Ѫڡ
⣬һ統Ĳá

213 

Сʱ򣬷Լһİĵط
ȥ, Χȫǵ˵ǡ
ȫѪζ
С㻹ûд, һٵĴԺл
ѩ, ԭѩеĴ, , ԵĵλܸߣЩ˵صǾȫԭĽܵͷ
һļ, СͻȻʶ, Լˡ
Ͼʱ俴һ, Ǵе˽Ůҷѩ췴ȻƾŹͻصΪһȦӰĹ¡
Ϊе, ԭŮ䶼㲻ϣѩһǸڻҵĴ, ѩ壬ûнˡ
С΢΢ۣ, ҲˣǸ˽ŮҲѩ, ˺, ƾΨһѩ, ˲ٵĺô
ѩĴоļҴ, ԼѩСأֱ˽˲Ʋ
뵽С΢һ¡
ԭʼҲģÿζǺǰѩ˵껰֮˶ķȥˡ
ǰԭһ㣬һ㲻ģ̡ͬ
ܹôΪж۶٣ѩߣϡˣ̷ȥÿ඼ֻһԣֻҪģỤ̄ϵȨ˵Ǻܴˡ
Сվ
ΧСһֻֻı˻ȥ
ÿһֻС϶ˣЩΪ˴ѩĻ˵ģǻûʲôãֻѩһֱ˵Ưԭòѡ
ЩͬСΪǻƴˣһֱ֮󣬲ȫµġ
СڴСǵ˿֮ŰѵĻˡ
ԭǴøƿģǱҩ֮󣬾͸ı⣬ˡ

ΪСȫµĹϵСԼȥŪ緹ˡ
Ϊ˶ǵѩǲṩʳģǰСȥԣڲˣƤҲûô
ץһ֮СĨһϵĺ飬ȫ׼ȥ
֮˿ɫãȥĻʱüġ
ΪҰγ̣սʿǸֻڵʱ򣬰༶С̸ȥ
ǰԭҲǲģϾΪԣǺȨģػǱ̼ˣġ
СٵߣȻصס֮濴һۣЩСǹȻûѣЩ˱ȽأЩжˣЩػʱԼлġ
ΪĹϵС㲢ûѡʲôӵϴɾֱ֮ȫɳˡ
ĵζֻΰͣûеþͲˡ
Сⶼ֮һתͿһ˫Ĭ۾
ǸɫС̣Ϊ˵Ĺϵǰ뻯εģβû
С߿˿С̻ڳ˯š

214 뻯

һ˲, ôһЩΡ
С΢΢Ц˵Ҫ𣿵ӡ
ûӪҺģҪôԼȥҳԵģҪôš
ĿС, ֪Ҫʲô, ǴǰɵЩ˵ûһǺ¡
Ҫܾʱ, ͻȻ, һ롣
԰ɣζС˵, ⷽȷʵúܺõġ
㡭
Ҫһ𣿡Сʵ
Ĭĵ˵ͷ
СЦЦ, Ǳߡ
ϯϵС, һ, ζ۾ңȴôѲ
˳Ŀ⣬ȻҲˣһ˲, ĪľЩ߳ܡ
ǻҪߴ죿Сʵ
졣עʳƿС˵
ͦõġСһЦ, Ц⡣
, ˾ͿʼԷˡ
Сע⵽, ڳԷʱ, ̬Ҳܺ, ͸һϸҪԼĸо
ҿԿó, ôϰˣǹֳġ
СԷʱһСҡҡλε۾˹
С㿴ȤͰŵǰС̰˯ѵĳš
ûã½½Ĺ˺ЩС̣󣬾Ȼȫˡ
ڳԵĺܶ࣬ﻹС
СһһװţһֱÿС̶Լʳ
С㣬üͷ塣
ôˣСʵ
ˡе͡
Сһ㶣Ц˵ǶˣҾãܹ֡
Ŀ̹Ȼ
ĵЦݣͷøˣҾе㲻ԡ
ﲻԣҲ˵ʵϣǺԲôܣ˵ϻֻʱǲŻύ
ҽø𣿡Сڴʵ
ɫһӾû˱øˡ
ˣŮˣԭ
һ㶼С㣬ͷʳ
С΢΢ЦţһӵͷԷСǣ̹Ȼ
ȳ֮ЩСǾ͵ˣСһֻֻı˴ϡ
һֻһֻųһš
һֻС̷ź֮תͷһӸղſʼһֱڿ
ղŵǲǺܺóԣСʵ
Сᣬֻ۾΢΢£Ȼû뵽Сô˵ġ
ղſеζ˵ͷ˵óԡ
ǳ԰ɡС˵꣬תȥʰˣʱ䲻Ҳϣÿطɸɾġ
վС󣬱д
ʱ˴硣
ҶӶٶȺܿ죬ͰŸˡ
ԼλϣŴǱߵɽûãڷ֮ͣ󣬾ͳȥˡ
ϦµʱѾʳ
ʳֶܶ࣬ﶼС
Сע⵽һȾѪ
˹ȥ˿˵Ҹ㴦һ°ɡ
áŵ֮Ҫ߳ͼСѾҩóˣЦеվſڣ˵ѵ㻹ָܵԼ𣿡
˵⻰Լסˡ
ǵģʱЩСǣ˶ôصˣԼԼģֻкٵʱ򣬺ͱһ𣬲Żụæ
ûԥģСֱˣ˸˳Ѿˣܰ
һ˿ڣ˵ܲһֱŰɡ
һ㶣ŵͷ˿ڵС㣬۵ӵĹ⡣ߴЩҩƷϻȻ˴⡣
ϦڴϣһжԵò侲Ұ񶼷Զ
ܹоֱϵУֲʵĸо

һֻԸչˡ
ȻĶ˶䣬Ŵ߶еƮˡ
Сͷİ˿ڸ֮˶˵ȥϢһ
ʱ䣬Ҳûŵģȥ˵ζϡ
ѩͦõģûз϶ٵҵ˲١
ҽӷź֮󣬾ȥ˳
Ҫæģܾˡ
棬ڳæµС㣬վš
ڵһʳ֮һСҲˣɰ˵̬
û˵ͿڳæµС㣬죬⡭
˵˵
ڲ˾Ŀ֮ɫȻǳԵģҲġ
ǡ˾վԣĻû˵ǴҶ֪ʲô˼
ûзʵҲ֪Сڸʲô
ʱһֱǵųԵǸе㲻˳ģǻ鷳
ٿɡ˵
½½˲ٵС̣ǵΪһµģᣬɣûжı顣
еζԽԽŨˣǱ绹Ҫζ
ûѵļһǣֱӾͱѹˡ

215 

һȺ뻯ۼһ, վñֱ, Ȼ
ûֵ̬, ǿɽؼ, ûи顣
Ȼ׶̬, ͸¶Ϣ˾޺ġ
ѩĽһпᣬûһ㱾µС̣ͻꡣ
ÿһÿһ춼̭ߡ
ЩǳԵģһ뻯ε꿴ų˵
ûŵôζ, ѧУзһЩͨӪҺζ̫úȣʤӪܹȥ
ҲûкúȵӪҺģҪܶǮûǮ
ԵģҲһ˵
ȻǸʱ, ûȫ, ֪ԼڳԶ, Һܺóԡ
Ҳ㡣˾˵
ʱ, ǱȽ, ۿС㣬һ, Щζʳġ
ֻƾž֪, ûж, ܺóԡ
, ƺˡ˵
ʵҲ˵̫Щ飬ҪǷǰǲܵģСһ򱻱úܺãΪȻϲҲô
򵥵İԼ󿴵˵֮ǶĬˡ
һԥһ˵ҪԺ󶼲Ҳͦõġ
СȻڴС治ݵģҲ㲻϶ôĺദȥΣյҲǳеġ
һأͲȫûˡ
ɫ谵ˣûһ֮ǰֲ
֪С㿴ŲϲˣҲġ
ҳ˺ÿҲȷʵûʲôá
СʱֱӾкСԼȥװˡ
Ǻܿųӣѳʳﶼ˳
ڶ֮ûһȶóԵġ
С㱻뻯ôţʱЩˣ֪Щڵȳԡ
԰ɡСЦЦ˵
С㶯֮ſʼͷ
ǵٶȺܿ죬رĽ׼
ûпǵ۾ĻЩԵúܿġ
ǱȽΣˣС㲻һЩС̣ÿ춼Ҫɳսʿǲ
ҪˣҲ˳ȥҵġ
СЩ˺۵СǣȽ˵ǣûһֻʧġ
˶ŬĻš
СͷԼǷʳûǿ뵽м䡣
ѩĮܶһӶԼһ˵ġ
շ
ҹɫˣżģҰ޵ĺ
Сʰ֮󣬾ȥϢˡ
վڿУʱҲᶶ䣬˦˦βʲôġ

216 Сʳ

֮, СҲˡ
⵹ôģСķʵڲó, ˾С
Сһ, ֹЩСӵ, ѩ嶼, һǺӪҺģҪԼŪĻ, ˾ͳԡ
ԭǴ, ӪҺ, пѡζ˾û, Сÿʳʱ, ЩСϵ൱ĵĮ, ʵ, ЩֵĶβͳˡ
ͦϲЩС̳ԷģÿγԷʱ, ǵ۾ر
һ죬ꡣ
ˮܴǴˮһ㡣
ÿС̻ʱ, ʪ͸ˣȥòС
СǴĹӣŪ˹֭, ԼһЩСʳ
ѾϴС, ԼķݾͿʼ, ûϴС̣һŶţһ߿ϵʳ
һؾأؾء
СѾĽСͶιˣżģС㻹ܺϼ䡣
˺ܳʱ䣬һֱµҹ
СڼҲûţоҩģЩҩǼģֻҩЧƺøӵǿˡ
ڴߣϵֲǵЦûһ˿
ڸʲô˾СΪЩɻ
ŪҩԡС΢Ц˵
֪ģ羺ܲпᣬûʵԶеģòò˵ҪʱΣա
ڣҩǺоģҲвٵҩ
ܹ׼ȷĻôʵûôˡ
ΪԼҲãΪЩСҲãŬĻǲġ
ԭǳԵİ˾С㣬ڨڨʵ
Ļû˵꣬ͱСһСʳ
һ˲䣬еС̾Ͷתͷˡ
ǵıɵĮᣬߴ˾ɨ֮󣬿СĿ⣬ƮôԹ
Сһ㶣ǵĻȶЩᣬ߻УǶ˰ɡ
֮ǰָԼζСʳԭΪǲԵģûжˡ
˹ӹССʳлл
û¡Сڰ֣ˡ
Ǿۼһ۾ȫСʳŵ˿ƮŵĴ̼ζ
ûгԹġ
һ궶˶䣬һɣ
궼ȻҲ½½
ֵԼϵʳֻҪûжû˻ܾģûãɾͷˡ
ʳĸоЩֵĸоǾ᲻³ҳһ֮󣬻ԵڶڣٳһڣһֱɳˣǻЩĿ֡
ܺóԡһ˵
š
Ϊ˺óԵģǵı鶼˲١
ǸϢʱˣǻǶţǿϣ顣ÿ˶ܺõİԼʱ䡣
̴򿪹ԣ̳Ϸһӡ
#ǰĴʵ̫#
ǸǰͦԵģȥΣյ顣
ͻȻˡ
ԴǸŪ˹֮ͱáú֡
ҲûжͷƢˣҲûнȥΣյ顣
ԵģܺóԣҳԹģóԵˡ
Сʳ
ڸղţǻһ㡣
ʳҲܺóԡ
ʵ̫ˣ֪ʲô취һֱô֡
Ӻܿͱ˻ظˡ
̵㿪˿
1¥¥ôĴԣԵĸ㣬ء
2¥֧¥ϣؼǻܺóԡ
3¥ģϣǼٵģǼٵģϣԶǼٵġ
4¥¥Һ¥ϵĸǶһҾãҪȥҽ
5¥ع
6¥ԣӦ֪˭

359¥ǲܵģ¥ǲǻû˯ѣ
360¥Ĵԣһ£ôܡ¥ĸطģôûӿɲа
361¥͵һΣΡ

578¥ַһ
579¥Լս𣿾ս̨˭ôȤӣ˰ɣֱս̨ϼһֶ࣬Զ
580¥Ȼôֵܣ㲻Ǻ˹ڵӪҺֻþ˰ɣ

1010¥ⲻỹС̷Ӱɣսʿǣɢ˰ɡ
1011¥ˣ˼ǣ¥ŷ뿴棬̫ˣҲֻܿʱˡ
1012¥Сƨúսúû꣡
ӻظúܿ죬һӾ͸˼¥ֱӳӡ
̿Щ򳰷ĽĻظƲƲ죬ֱ¥ظ֡
Σ

217 

ܿ, СǾ͵Ҫӻȥʱ䡣
ǵһѩսʿ, ˶Եú, ǱĿֻпСʱŻỺһ㡣
׼һ, ȥվ֦˵
ΪһѩսʿĲЩСǺ֮ǰЩһˣǣûΣյ£ǲЩġ
̵, ʹʰ, СǵĶܿ, ֻСûʲôʰ, Ϊʱ򣬼ʲôûд
վϵѩսʿûС⣬ɨĿ⣬֪Է˵ûʲôҪ
Сҡҡͷ˵ûС
šӦһ
û, ˾Ͷš
ͷѩսʿĿ, ĶѸ, , ȫȻһ·Σշ
ż, ͻϮʱҲվһߵĲݵϣĿĿսеСǣֻСҪΣյʱ򣬲Ż֣ģһ᲻ܡ
СҲǺģûбôֵܡ
һ·ѩڵĳǰ·ֻٵʱϢ
ڿҪеʱСע⵽һڲݵϣĿ⵭ȻͷԶգνĸо
㡣Сóһƿҩ
֮ǰȥģֹѪʲôкܺõЧһ˶ƿϡ
˺صˣȴһ㶼ںӡ
˿һС㣬ȻĿ⻮һ˿졣
С΢΢ЦЦҩƿֵ˹ȥ֮󣬾߿ˡ
һתͿ˴ӵĳսʿͬѧǣһݵĿ⿴
ôˣ Сʵ
ûʲô߰ɡӵսʿ˵
˵ֱˡ
ʱӵսʿѾˣСҲص˶С
Ĭû˵ųеķȥ
ʱ첽뿪Сûע⵽ڵϵǸսʿѾҩվ
޳ͦΣһ˫ûи۾ĿСȥķ
ӵĳսʿԶԶĻعͷĿһۡ
ѩսʿվԭأһ㶼û˷
˫û˵Ե˼ˡ
˳֮СͻصԼķ䡣
ѩ̵ƣֻҪˣû֮ǰһԼķӡ
Ȼѩ̾ûôˣδ֮ǰһģһˣҪ֧ˡ
ĵطʲôĲãﲻԺܶʩûеġ
ԭļУѩڴһս֮󣬾ͱżȨģŵߵıԶ
СЩ֣ѩսζǰģȻ嶼żȨġ
򿪹Բһ£汻ҵˡ
ѩȷʵǴˣҲȷʵǱżġ
ⲢʲôŪ׵顣
ѩɨǼʵʱܳսʿһǧ˰ȫǾӢսʿսʿǴûĺѩ徫Ӣսʿǽֻ֣ں󷽺͸ʵʮѩսʿǴ
ЩѩսʿͲرսģܶǲŸոճսʿ
ûа취ͬʱԼľӢսʿͻϮ
Щһǧ˰ѩսʿһǧϱϵس壬߰ڱϵޡ
Ҳ˵ʱѩսʿȫ棬Ϊ򣬸ûвսǷӦʱԼѾżȨ
СֲһЩϺ󣬻Լһ㷹
ǺϲߵӪҺ԰֮ǰʣҲˡ
ʱҲûϿΣʱҲǿţһЩԼϲ顣
˷ԺСȥоһЩҩ
һֱڶûгš
ڶ쵽ѧУ֮СͿ˺ܶˡ
ﲻֹѩģкܶС̡
Ҳˣûеġ
̣֮ʵûʲôģѩѩսʿģҲͬˣڿԻ߻ʱн˵ѣûбˡ
ȥ༶·ϣС㿴һȮںѩһս
Сһֱſս̨ıԵż͡
СεģȮȻս̫Уǰ༶Ž֣ѩߵһ㶼һ
̨ϣܵͬĽȮ꣬һ۾ˡ
ڵĳѩ꣬غϺƾԼ飬仨ˮֱԷӮ˱Ҳûһˮ
С΢΢ЦЦÿ춼ᷢҲû࿴Լİ༶ȥ
ϵͬѧʱѾˣԼλϡ
û˷ֵ
ֵβͺͶҲѾ
С㿴ǰ˶ӣɵЩЦ
ڿʲôС㿿һͬѧʵ
꼶սƵѩֱͦˣһ˵
ҿһ𣿡С㱻Ӹˣ̲סҪԴ
ѩСֵһ̾Ͳˡ
ܵҪرܣȴĪĿ
ֱС䵽İ׷ϣĪһ
ڿСɻĿ󣬼Ǳܵģð˲һ˫Ƕ䡣
飬ǿֱŤ
ڶ䱻ϵһ̣Ȼض˶⡣
ҵˡ
С۾ë׵ָС
ʱûע⵽ǣϵͬѧҲѾĿͶߡ
Ŷѩ꣬һᣬһ˷ӡ
ÿüͷĿתСʱָֻƽʱɫ㣬Ҫʲô߶С
ѩ鵭ȻˣҵľС
û£Ҿ㿴ġСЦǷҪƵɣҸ˵˵
պá
ôţЩķ֣ϵ˶ڿԼ
֮ǰƵߵģұߵǸϣҲѾͬһƵ
ߵλһһģԴҵľ벻ҲԶ
Сȥƺ༶˶ڿƵ
˵֮Ҫ𣿡
ûУÿ춼оЩġһѩش
ƽƺûаЩһ㡣
СżսǵĹѪ֮УܽĻ
̾һ
ûãսʦ͹ˡ
еѩսʿһһϢ˺ݻࡣ
սϰ˵
һ̣Ƕվųɶȥ
Сǵһӡ
ע⵽ЩͬѧĶǸƳģûвһؾ룬һİַȣһı顣
·һ㣬ü㣬׼Ĳ
ѵܼª˵ǳ˳⣬ʲôûˡ
ѩ岢ԣڵİ༶ҲرĳɫϣֻǱϲ͡
ǿǿܹҪ˵ãûеġ
ѧУǮѵأиֵĸ߿ƼǶսõĻ׶̨ʵȽǿ壬ٶЩѩߣõİ༶ҲֻһңԼѵ߶ѡ
ʱ򣬰ϵͬѧѾڶսˡ
ǵĳֺѸ٣һ֪ÿ˵ʵǲġ
ô˻˵ģΪսĹǣҪһվվ
Сܲţÿ϶սεݣܹʱˣſͣ

218 ǩ

û, ڶսν֮еС̶Ѫˡ
Ӯ˵ģ, ûһС̣õ߳ѵء
ܶˣÿС̶ûп, Լ˿ڶûжô⣬µۡ
ʦ˳ȥ֮ѾԾŶӵǱȥҽҩˣÿС̶һĸԼҩеʱ, ԼŪĵطԱߵСҲæ
ǵı, ûһ˿, ϵĶ׼Ч
Сȥʱ, Ѿϵˡ
ʱ, ĻĿγ̡
С㷭˷鱾, д뱾Ķսص, ʣµһ㣬ҲҰ漼ܡ
һ΢֮, Сּ򵥵ķһ鱾, ܹ, һٶ౾, ÿ򿪶ࡣ
û, С̾һ
֪Ϊʲôѩˡ
սħɣȫ淢չս֡
˵ѩʵ㲻϶ãȿʼûһõطģսǿˣܹġ
Ĳ˵ѩ඼ǰЩΣյĵطҪսĻǻǡ
Сûȥˣʱ򣬹¿ε
ţ˶վȥ
СҲ⡣
ֻȥ֮󣬿Ϧ£ŶҪ뿪Сǣ㱼䣬ָӵ
ϦůɫĹߣЩЦϣǾȻŶ飬Ǳȥ
ѩԺʹԵĽǲһģΪ۶ٵĹϵÿ༶ֻһ̣˵ģ˵ʱ˳һ»ġ
ÿڸԵİ༶Ȩܴ󣬼˵ǣڳսʿڵʱ򣬾ɴ̹Ű༶ġ
˵ǹʵ̷̵ĳɷֻһ㣬ΪһҲҪʲô֮ġ
뵽С̾һ
֮ǰԼĵҩҧҧϣһ
ܹ󣬼컨СȫĴôҲȷʵֵõġ
ܿģС͵ˡ
ûãһˣͰСҪˡ
ãǩһ¡˵۾Сɨ󣬰ѵӵݸ
ã鷳ˡСü䣬ܿͰָǩˡ

219 С

֮, СͰ֮ǰĵҩóˡ
ҩҪ˵ģ岻Ļܹʵġ
ѵҩƿó֮, ֱӷŵˡ
Լʮ֮󣬸ݾͳˡ
ǵֻһݣʱ仹Ǻܿ, һӾ͸㶨ˣΪ˰ȫСܼȫˡ
Ŀһ¼Ľÿһǰȫϸġ
ڶ죬С𴲳緹֮, ʹŵҩȥѧУˡ
֮ǰæôãΪľǸϵС, Ʒ, Ȼǲܲġ
ڸС͹ȥ֮ǰ, СҲԼгԵ, ҹ, Ͼų˲ٵ۹, ϴ֮󣬸Ǿʮ㡣
ȥѧУ·, ĸС̡
ǴǱ͹, С㿴һ֮, ˡ
ЩСʲô뷨, ǡ
ȿ, еںǼƱӰˡ
ͷܹסУģǼǮԼǮѩģͨסУġ
Һܶʱ򣬻եһǮ֡
С㵽˰֮Լһġ
ϵͬѧʱѾԼλˣǿС˸к
Ͽεʱˡ
ϺĲ࣬һأҪһˡ
¿κȥѵǱߡ
С˺һſǳ
֮ǰΪֿǣС㲢ûаѶóȻ༶˶ˣСҲе㲻ĵġ
Сȥ߱˵Ҳȥ
Ŀɻ󣬡㲻ȥ𣿡
ҪģҵסܽûġС˵
ߵΰȷʵǲģԴ̵ı൱ĵλģ˴£ڿ·ʱҲԾͣ
ȵ˼֮СͰѶóŵϡ
ڵİܼ࣬ȥ䣬˴̣ÿ˵Сӹӣûˡ
ЩǸǵġС˵꣬Ѻļⱨ˳˵Ѿˣûкġ
ҩ˾ƿӣ˵
ǰкôǸĹ֮ġС΢Ц
򵥵˵һ£ҩĹЧԼԼʳøܡ
Сǰţ۵Сȫ档
ˣҪǾÿԵĻԡС˵꣬ˡ
ϵƿӣһƽ
ͬûж֣ǴСܵĽǲܳԱ˵Ķǡ
Сԥվӵǰ棬ǵһյﰡ
ûãеһСϵƷʣȻǵڶһֱÿС̶õԼķݶ
ǳĬƽĳŵҩȻƿӷŵԼСķź֮ϡ
ԼӺǾԵĸоԼ³´лӿˡ
ûõģǵɫ˱仯
ֻԼ˽ԼģǺףڵڳźõķ仯
ֻţʳ˵ģû뵽Ч
Ϊʳõʱ䶼࣬ڵһСų۹СҲ඼״ˡ
Ǻܣһ˵
˶ų۹Ƿ׷ȥϴ˸裬ȻһŶ⡣
Ľֱӷ͵ÿ˵ĹϵģһԶһεļԱȡ
Źԣ˵ˡ
ţҵҲǣ֮ǰȫˡ˾˵
Ҳǡ
Ҳˡ
ҵĺƽ⡣
ҵսˡ
ÿ˶˵ԼûãǾͷ֣ȫ˶лٵõķı仯
ѩСһɵȻϣ˳Ծı顣
صҵС㣬黹ͦġ
˿ԣֱӶһ⣬׼ճСʳġ
ߵʳĶͦģСϲûкܶǮԹ
ѡΪһԭϷ÷ĳ֣õѾﵽ˰ֻǷõķֳڣԺܱˡ
Ȼˣ۸˻һԭǾߵ˼ҪԼֵʳձʳõӪҺ
֮СͿʼˡ
ڣҪѡʵжȻһʱ䣬ٹͣըˮ֣ĳɲζн
֮󣬿ԷԵʱ򣬶һãϼǩˣʺϵСʳˡ
СϲãûµʱһȥľŨζ׾㡣
СõʱСǣѾڲ²ҩһܹˡ
뻹񣬿ûǮ
㿴ң㡣
һжڲС

220 ֵֵܲ

һ, ڷѧ֮С㻹ûüøСǣǾŶٵ뿪ˡ
Ϊ, СΪ飬Ҳû˵ʲôˣϾС̵ȷʵȴС̶ࡣ
ȵСҲûпǵʱ, ž֡
ߵȥᣬĵǰŵģԣǻûл
С÷ŵſڵʱ֮󣬾Իȥˡ
һߡ
ȸĿǽ, ŵĿǱߴȥˣһС, 꼰塣
, ʵͦҵġ
ѧʱ, ˸ڰѩǡ
ЩѩУƽʱȫûн, һҪ˵Ļ, Ǵ, ܾǰս̨ϱ˸
ʼʱȫ֪ЩѩҪʲô
ǵѧУ֮, ֪ˡ
Щĵѩ, Ȼ˰ϣ
Ҫ֪, ǿȸС, еһֵǮġ
Ĳ˵, ǴҳҪǺôһǮ
ҲΪǷǳֵǮвΥҼ͵رϲǡ
ôãû뵽һ졭
ԼȻС̸ˡ
ֱɥĲ񰡡
翴ǰľ󣬺תܵģ֪ҪôˣǾ͸ˡ
ôѩ˱ţֻҪûб߶·ǻܹġ
ҪһܵĻ˵ﲻϤˣǺϤûҲҪץġ
籯ؿǰľвţЩѩ˿һ㣡
һ㶼룬ģͱᰡ
ڿΪԼĲѵʱ֪ǣԼֵͬǣҲϲ顣
ͿͳѧУˣǰĹһɣӿγġ
ֻû뵽ܵûãͱ˸ˡ
ãȻǿȸС̡һεĴ˵
˼ˣǸΧߡ
żⷽѵͿûģһӦҪ±
ֻǻûаȥͷϾͶ˸
ɣҪĸ˵Ĵ󺺵
Ǹߡ˵
ǾǱץˣһҲûģҪĻǾͲһˡ
ԱߵĵܵܣȻҲôġ
Ҫߵʱ⧲ģڰдܳ˺üӰ
ǵжǳĿ٣ߵ˺ܿʹˡ
磬ѩ塣ϲ
ţ֮ǰյϢ˵Լһ֡һĺ¡
ǰ̫ˣȻڿɾͲˡ۾˵
Щˣǵ¾Ͱ͵ݺݵĿЩˣ˵ҪǻҪˡ
ƽʱѩ岻죬û뵽ؼʱǾȻôĸ
ֵܸ˵Ŀѩǣ޲ԼҲǰæúõĽѵһЩ쵰
ûãЩͼǵˣͶѩǸȺŹſˡ
͵ܼܵæǰ˵Ѿˡ
š˵ͷ
ǺܿЩ˵Ĺϲ˼֮󣬾ͰͶתһſϡ
֮ǻһЩϵĶ޵Ŀһ֮󣬷ֻǺõģǿˣģһڴǲƿڴ
ԼʮӺЩ˾ͱˡ
ͿҲֱҪһβƯĸ
˿ʼû룬Ǻͬ飬˺üغ󡭡
𣺡

ǿһֵġ磬Ҵ򿪼ȺˣкЩأʱǷֵһֵˡ
ûֻʹġûоǼʶĿȸǲܳΪһֻĿȸģڰǳɳ
ôֵѾȫ֪ѩĿˡ
תͷ˿ڰеѩͬѧƨһëرĸӡ
ԡ˵
û⣬Ƿֿ˾Ŀɨֵϵ֮˵˵һµصˣҵ
ŵģûǾͷ֣ܹһߣͺˡ
ûģھ¿ȸҰЩ˶ԺǻſȸֵǱ˸ëл
ֻѾߣͺëˡ
ڣǵľǳĸߣʡ˲ٵ鷳
Ϊ˿ٵİ꣬˾˳䵥Уȸȥˣ˳ģȥ֮ǰ͸¶˿ȸλá
һֱպ͸ˣѩŻ֪ͨŻȥ
ǹ£ȸ걻εһë
Զ˵
ܾã񻹲类١
ҹüֻȸƨɻؼˡ
һ죬Ǿֵû˼䲻ֵá

221 С˼

ҹʱ, ѩСǾ׼ĻصԼᡣ
վſ, ʱó۾һ˿ȡ
ˡһѩС˵
û˵˭, ڳ˶֪ġ
Ǵȥɡ˾˵
šһѩСӦһ
û˵, ˼ǲġ
ûãͰѴʳƷӸ˽ȥĸ, һ޵Į, ˵ڴ
ڶʱ, ̫Ʋţһ˾ѾСסĵطˡ
˷š
ܿ, žͱˡ
СĿЩ, ȫûǵΪ켣Ȼı䡣
ڹļУЩС׼ʱȥѧ, ׼ʱķѧ׼ʱѵ߻, ʲô鶼ŵװ׵, ûƫʱ
𣿡ʵ
һ˵, һÿӣ˸
͸㡣
ŪëݸС, վ, ȻûнȥĴġ
ǲӦ̵ӵġ
ҵģСЩɻĿë, Ե, ÿë˵ģһ˶
ǿȸëаá˵
ǡ
ǻ񡣡һѩС˵
ҩܺãǵݶ
Ҳܺóԣϲ
ܺãϲ
ѩСǣЩȻıԼϲǵһ˵ʱ򣬻üͷһſڡ
û취С㻹Щë˸ط˽ȥ
ڰëŽȥʱСſ棬ȻһƬ
ûʣϵĹѾ⵽ˡ
һÿ滹Ǯ
Сÿ˹ȥ˵Ҳա
׼ˣСĻʱüͷȻûϹġ
˵ԡ
̫ˣաСֱ˵ԭ
ǮǲٵģǶ˵˵Ǻܶܶˡ
ǸлҩģܺãȥҲܹ󡣡һѩ˵
ЩǲɼĻŪģЩëͺˣģҲա
Сܾˡ
ô˵ûһѩԸѿûȥ
á
˵Ȼ»Ūɡ
Сһ㶣Ǹģ֪Ҫȥǲܵˣ˵ã´ŪĻٸǡ

222 ί

ʵ֪, ЩСǸΪŪ, ٣֮Ū, Щ˵˵ѡ
С, оĵҩ
ںܾǰǵҩʦ񲻹Ǵͷѣұͷ, ʵǺƵ, ϾЩĿ̽Ժˡ
֮, СҲʼ׼ˡ
һźˣ緹֮ȥѧУ, ֮ٻо
, ȥѧУ·ϣСһˡ
С㿴ʱѩѾˡ
źѩһ, ɫŲһζ
һ֣崿, ȥϧĸо
ʵںܾǰ, ԭѩβʶ, ǿѩ·߿Źȥο, , ˳˺ѡ
ԭ˺õĶ, Ҫѩһݡ
ѩεĶȫǱ͵, ûԭһݡ
ԭ彡ҪǮѩҩ
ѩԼǮˣȻǲܸԭģԼǮԼ·ԼҩԼݿγ̡
ǣԭֻһѣԼȴкܶѡ
С㿴Ǳ߹ˣĿ⽥ˡ
Ǹģ崿ӣ·ȫûкڰ棬߱һһ
СֱѧУȥ
ȵȣ㡣
ѩһСҪߣ㣬ߡ
ģġ
Сˣͣ
㡭είƺǿʲôæӿ˽ŲߵСǰ
ίĿС㣬ۼСһֱ˵Żˡ
Ϊʲôң
ѩһʱò״˵˵ţ۵׾ӿһ⡣С㣬С˵ǲ⼸ûϵ㣬ˣ
ʵڵСԼѹ֮͹ģ죬һֱûСġ
С⻰ʱ̲סЦˣ˵Ҳ뿴㡣
ѩαôС˵֮飬ʱίıͽӲϡ
ǿʲô˼һ㣬𾪵ĿС㣬㡢ΪʲôҪ˵ô˵Ļ
Ҳϲ㣬ԺҪˡС˵̧ǰߡ
ѩοСȥıӰɫէէ׵ģûãеɫͽ
ȫûһ죬С㻹ô˵
˵ȻǼƽʱ֮ǰѾ˵ˣԼܹõ֮Ҫ취õС
ѩһѧУȥ
Ŀγ̱֮ǰѣʱװܣСæģڡ
뵽֮ǰС뿪ʱı飬Ȼǲˡ
ȺòװЩγ֮ѩγϢʱ䣬ȥС㡣
Ϊһ䣬ԷԼġ
ǰһһڵĿΣС㻹ûЩˡ
ɣǲСǱ˵ʲô
ȻûͣһȻ̬ȶԼ
ڵСڵİ༶֮ѩξ˽ȥ֪ͨˣ⵹ȥʱ˾Ȼûߡ
С㿴һ۴⣬΢΢üͷϲ
С㻹ǳȥһˣΪȥĻѩǴŲߵġ
ʲô𣿡ʵ
ѩοС˵ʵҲʲô£ϴЩˣǲ֮ǰΪǳˣ˵϶Ҳᱻ͹֮ġ
С˭Լȥʣ㳳
ѩһ⻰ʱɫˡ
ǰСǴʵģæ˵ʵ㲻ҪΪЩ˲ֵõģҾǺ˵һ£һµġ
㲻˵ˡС˵
ѩ΢΢һ˵ҲΪð
ΪҺãԺ飬ҵҵ飬Ϊ˭Ϊ˭ġС⻰˵Ǻܲˡ
Ļʱֻԭȣѩռ˲ٵıˣЩܲ˵ġ
һ㶼˵ͻȥˡ
ѩȫûСٴô顣
ˡ
ǰС㶼ģÿʲô飬ǺܺõĴӦԼԼҪʲôҲġ
ȴһٶʵ
ûþҪˣŲˡ
ѩ뵽òС
ѩֱвϲĶЩûӵĴԣʱʲ˵㣬ȻЩͷԼ򵥵Ĵԡ
ѩε۵ϵĿɬ΢΢ͷЩѹĿһߡ
ֵȣСûлҲû˹ο
С˽ȥ˵㣬Ϊʲôػͱˣ
С㱾úģϾҪæ̫ˡ
ǵҩ˵ڿϣҲҪ׼ܶġ
±ʼǣ̧ͷȻô˵ˣɡ
ѩпһܾвõҪ
ЩӲЦЦ˵ǲҪòãѵǲǺǰӵġ
ֵܻҪˣοȻѣܲܶҳԿġСĵ˳
ѩ⻰־ŭ
ʱװ׵֪ˣȷʵ˵㲦С㣬Ȼ˵ġ
ǰȻСǮҲ࣬ڻʱ򣬴ƽϵģΪģǮ顣
ôǲ㻹Ǯ𣿡С˵
ûУûУԲҸո岻ãˡѩæǸĿС㣬˫۾崿޹
Ȼûоͺã֮ǰ˶ٵĶȻ֮ǰߵǮ
С˵⻰ʱ򣬻˳˹ԣȻûнת˼¼ڵġ
˼֮󣬺ܿģйѩεת˾Ͷˡ
СЩ˹ȥȻ˵Щм¼ģͦģţҲãǻҰɡ
ѩڿת˼¼ʱɫˣ֣Լˡ
ҲûҪЩǮСġ
ֻհַؿڵʱС˵ѵǴ㲻ǲҪװˣ
ѩι򶨵ıڱѣС㣬ٿô˿ţҧ˵뻹ģûôǮ
֪ûСС˵꣬ͷ˼֮һǿ˵ͷ˹ȥ˵ǩһ£ʡ֮ûʣ¡
ѩοŷ͵ԼϵϢ㱼ˣֻҪǩˣԺÿ¾ͻԶӿǮȥ
ЩŭĿС㣬˵ǲ𣿡
ѵôණôǮҪҪúõ˵һ£ôҶ
㡭ѩοС㣬һξãԼֱĿѹᱻôᡣ
˵ǩˡ
ǩ֮ѩξߡ
С˵ȵȡ
İɣҲҵĺˣԺ󶼲ˡѩ˵
˵ǵðѶҡ
ѩεɫѿͷҲûص֪ˡ

223 ǷծǮ

ѩǿܳȥ, С㿴ˣûܡ
ͲǺˣСһ㶼뱻ռˡ
򿪹, Ÿղû顣
СʱѩѾܵѵ, Ŀ̨Ϻƻꡣ
ʱδ, Ļ̬ΰ, ëɫ, ȫɫȻ, 漰֫ڲΪɫ˫еĺɫƣβڻ
̨ϣսǸ, ֫ǿȮݺצΪ
˱ţͻȻѩΣʱͲ, ˵ˣұˡ
ȥ겻ˡ
¡ֱս̨ѩȥ
üͷѩ, ˵˭۸ˣ
û۸, 㲻ǹ, Ҳ, ҲӦġѩĿźУǹطᣬڷǳܣſֵˡ
Ȼ˵ίģȻúвˣ˵ˣҴȥ
ˣҲõġѩε۾ˮۿģȥͬɻ¶㣬ϧ
ⲻɵú㶣뵽ʱ
ǺܶǰˣһӣڴҡҷţںɻرߣҲСš
һȥʱ򣬾Ϳˣһźɻе
ǸʱѩҲ㣬ССģŴģҪ
ʵҲ֪ΪʲôǺѰ˵ͱˣ˵һǮѩһ˵ţԽ˵Խġ
⻰ʱŭˣô
Ҳ֪ǰӵģҰ͵Ķ
ѩһ˵ţһ߿ޣί˵ʮֵˡ
Ҵȥ˵ţȥ
ѧУǺܲˣĳ಻ʵ͸˵ˣÿζǰġ
ѩԭֻΪСϲУӽģЩϲˡ
ǲ
ʵҲܹģ˭ϲοСֻǵϲУиͲϲ
ⶼΪǺðôˣӦҪϸ˲ŶԵġ
£еôĿĵ͵һۣɬջĿ⡣
ǰ棬Ѿŭˡ
ڵСڵİ༶֮ͽȥˣֱҵС㣬ͷȻ۸ѩΣ֪֪ܹ֣Ϊһԣôôأû𣿡
С㻹ûӦʱߵһѾɫվ˵
иηһѩ꣬ο༶ѩǿİ༶¶ͼΧȫվˡ
ɫĿϢ
С㱻ôһ£ҲòУòײ뵽ؼĵطͱˣʱͲ˵ҪǮ𣿡
ʲôǮüͷʵ
ûǮĻװʲôүЩ꣬½½ҽ˲Ǯͻ˼Σÿο˺öҪҪȥȻΪƽʱôǮ
СЦһ֮ĻȻû˵ǴҶö
ѩαΪйˣСһǰһõģû뵽ֱ˵˳ʾǰǿˡ
һӵģѩѪɫʧĴǣһĨɬЦ㣬֪ˣ㲻ô˵Ұ
˵ʲôˣ˲Ǯ𣿡СָźУ˵Ǯǹʲôҿת˼¼ġ
ѩһӾˣôſڱտھǮģӹװ
˵ʱСѾתͷȥˣźУ˵ѵ㲻ǹǮ𣿡
Ȼǡ
ſھϡ
ΧɫԽԽƵ֮˵ǹģһֱ㵱ɺѣôԡ
Ǯ𣿡С˵
һˣȫûСô˵ûУ˵
㻹ǮǮ
㲻ôӣ̫ѿˡ˵
СЦһֱ˵ǷծǮ쾭壬ôѿˣǺҲôǮ˭ǮǴιģ㿴ƭ˰ɣ
ûзϻֱӾ͵㿪֮ǰļ¼Ȼ󲻿˵㿴ҪǮͿ㣬ǮͱµģһԾˣԾȻҲôѿ
⻰һΧѩǣźеĿ͸ÿˡ
һ㶼ɣѾ붯ˡ
ǾôˣҲȥ
ѾкµڿˣΪһԣ˹Ǯ飬ġ
ȻǮģǴȥǻ
Ȩ֮󣬺пһ涼С㣬ݺ˵Ҹ
㡣С㲻ͷ˵
бֻ˵˵ģû뵽СľȻǮʱЦˣ˵ԭǰװģһƭˣΪǸõġ
װʲôˣƭʲôˣǮ˶٣С㲻ͷ˵
⻰һҲЩŭˡ
ҪǮĻǻûУֻǰһֱΪСǸõģ˵ס
ɫѿ˵ѩεǮҸ㣬Ժ㲻Ҫˣ͵ǲʶ㡣
ǰͲϲС㣬ѩһֱ˵ģҶǺѣôԴһ㶼һ𣬼ֱǶ͸ˡ
˵⻰֮󣬺Ҳ΢侲
ǰ˵СϲģܿΪ
뵽ĶС˵ˣһ㶼ȲѩΡ
㵽ǻǮСЦˣ˵ǮͻǮûǮ͹Լܳһ
СĵĿźС
еɫȫû뵽СȻˡ
ȻĴҲ࣬ǰСģ˵ǰ˳ˡǳСӦñǰӲУڣԲ˵ʱ
㡣ɫ˵꣬ڹϵȷϣ롣
СյǮ֮󣬸˵Χ˾ѾɫƵİ˸ϳȥˡ
˿ջǮ˵ΪҪˣͣǶҼҰɣ
ˣԻĶ࣬Լšһѩ˵
ӪҺġ
õġ
С㿴ŴҶô˵һ˵ҲУȥŪСʳԺԡ
ûбջǮ˵ˣҪúףһ¡
뿪Сİ༶֮òС
ǮˣҲ˵ʲôֻܿԺܲҪˣҪСǮһôʹ¡
ѩθںеߣЩС˵ǱˣǰģԺģڵġ
ţԺҪˣ֪ˡ˵
ʱڰ༶С㣬ûˣʱѾ²Ĺš

224 

ϵʱС˺ܶʳġ
ΪĹϵ, ѡǽѧУطۻᡣ
˶ڴ
Сȵ, С̲һòμѵ
, ֮û, Ҳˡ
ͦİС˵
ѵˡһѩĿСڵĵط˵
, ó˼ö
ĶҲ½½óϵĶ, һЩҰζ
СЩ죬Щģ
ǰѵص˵ġش
ǵĶܿģֶ̨˲ٵʳġ
һۣ룬ӦǺɽġ
ЩСһĵһЩࡢӡҰС˼Ĵ㡣
˾ڴĿС㣬Ŀ˵֮ǰЩ, Ҫ, ϲ
̧ʪ, ûһı, ȥرϲ
ҲҪ˵
ҡ
ǡ
ϴŵڴ, С㿴, ˵а, һ, ܿͺõġ
ϵĶûͣ, ٵĴʳġ
ȻˣҲֻһæţҲڰæ
ѩǴʳľѵһ㣬رľ׼Щõ㣬ۿȥͷ·ǻһ㣬ûʲôƫ
Ҫ𣿡Сʵ
һѩĿС㣬ڴģǶϲ
˵⻰ʱ򣬱ôֿһ㶼˵ѵӡ
ðɣһ㶼û˵ѵġ
Ϊһ˵⻰ʱһ˫۾Сıϣĺ»ţһԵӡ
Ǵζƹըˮֺ󣬳ɲζн
С㿴ôڴӣеӵ˹ȥ
꿴СĶ۾Բ˲٣ܿͻϲĽӹӣû͵ԣǿĵİѱ÷ŵϡ
ڴһʱûһ˻ѡԶʳģѩڼⷽ棬ǹ᳹úܳ׵ġ
С˱Ĳˡ
ǰͺϲˣԺܶ˶ǻġ
ûãɻ㡢ԼСȶˡȻˣģǸ⡣
ҶҺϲġС˵
á
СĻ󣬲˿˺áһԣûܹͣġ
ҶϲСҲܸˡ
˺ǲȡͳģʮָӡ
һҪõѬȻüʮ±ƣ±ƺ֮Ҫˮݣǿʼ
ȻҪÿֻϻʮ֮ǽ̿ƵĹ̡
ӿ֮󣬻Ҫˢ϶е֭һ˺ȻУټƺͣ˳һڻԵڶڡ
Ȼ鷳˵㣬ϵռҲ鷳˵㣬Ǻܺõģ˳Թ˾ûͣġ
Ϊ鷳ѡһԶ˵㣬ȻǲԵġ
һٷȻҶû˵ʲôСܹԵĸоǸ˵
˶ĳ֮СŻؼҡ
Էʱע⵽ˣмϴˡ
ڿƼѾܷչˣһ˵С˿ڵĻҩͺˣЩ˿ڻڣ˵ҪôҩҪ᲻ãҪôҩѾˡ
С̾˿оѩ̫ˡ
ûжѵҾˣûѵˣûкõҩˣûжֿζѡӪҺˣܱ˵᲻á
룬СãҪĴҵ¸С
ȵ˼֮СͷϢѧУһЩԼҪҵļƻ
С飬Ҫսʿ׼ġ
Ǳߺܿ͸˻ظԼЧʺܿķͬļСֻҪļϴϣͿԿԼĵˡ
Ϣ󣬳սʿţʲôĻȥѧУĽǮ壬Ǹ𾭼һģṩ
С֪⵹ѩĳսʿ£׬ǮⷽİﲻʲôæȥսУȥִУȥϸֲʲôģǲġ
Ϣһ֮Сȥ˽Ǯʦ
ƼѩС㣿һͷ𷢵ɨСȻ˿ԣ̧ͷ˵û뵽㻹ǹˣΪֻ˵˵ѡ
ѩ棬ûκ츳ģһ㶼õģҲû˵ʲôͬ¶ѾƼˡ
ο˵죬ԾͲˡ
ǵģҺⷽԡС˵
û£СġеĶЦеĳС˵ҪֹƷ𣿡
ǵҩҩ֡С㿴ǰˣɫݲȣ̹Ȼ鷳һµġ
û⣬ʱѾ΢˽һġ꿴С㣬ϵЦˣǸֹղƷȤǺ뿴Сʧܵӡ
С΢΢ЦЦ˵鷳ˡ
û£ʼʱǻ鷳ģĻһǿԵġЩȤζ˵Ű֮ǰ˵õϴ˹ȥ
Щ꣬ҲûͻȻڷһµĴ̣һ£ͻȥ˵ģҲû¸ɣһҲûʲôġ
Ӵⴵ˽ԼԼĻܹ˵
ʱѾвѧѧУˣ۴⣬ЩѧѧУ˶ص֡
СҲ⿴һۣ˳߹ˡ
ѩꡣ
İ˵
Щѩˣһĺӣʵϸӵᣬô꣬˽͸ˡ
ЩѩСһǣȻˡ
ĿɨС㣬ʱ־ЩȻϾǴ
ԵĻͻġС˵
û⣬ʱһԵģûĻͿˡ˵
õģ鷳ˡ
С㿴ģֲ׵ĸоҲûϣ·ǺõģĻҪԼ
ʱѩѾ˹
ǱĿϻ֮󣬵˵ͷС˵㣬Ͽˡ
С㿴˿ʱ֮󣬾ͺˣһȥ
㣬ʲôǾͿˣǰһһѩ˵
༶֮󣬾ͷζһ˳ζҹˡ
û뵽Ȼȥұˡ
֪Ϊʲôе㲻ˡ
ǿԵġһѩ˵
С㣬۾棬΢΢Ĳͬ
СϵϼЦ⣬˵֪ǺܰģԼԵģعȥõϡ
𣿡
ǵģһֱôġС϶˵
ѩ⻰Ȼɫһı䣬ǵֵҡβ͡

225 

ѹˣǰġ
, ԺʲôҲҪǲС
ѩ, ˵⻰ʱ򻹿һС㡣
Ȼۣȥ൱Ŀɿ
С뵽ǹ, ȷʵܺõÿε
΢΢ЦЦ, ˵֪, ʲôĻһ˵ġ
С˵⻰ʱ, ѩϵıԸһ㡣
ţס˾ͺá˵⻰ʱ򣬸֪βҡεöôл֡
ٹһʱ䣬Ǿܳȥμӿˡ
ѩķϣϸĹâ
ɫ΢΢Ĵ䣬۵ȴݺͳ磬ʱٸһǱߵز
СϲľЩĺÿĶˣȻǲǺ, ǱĴԻϲ, ߵĿ϶Ҳϲ
ܶ˶, ĦǱȻȽΣ, ʢһ, ޱûʲô, ͷϵıʯȴ˻ӭġ
Ѿ, ȹȥʱ, ͺ׽һֻ
ʱСûʶ, ƵĻҪôصŬһ˵һ༶ȥ
ЩճĿγ̣ΪԣûʲôӦģϾѩĿγ̣ҪԵģڴԾͿݵý簮ˡ
Сյ֮󣬾оûаڱϵϰߣÿµʱ򣬶Ŭ
ǣѧʱ򣬹Ͼյһš
֮ǰʦȥԵġ
СЩɻ󣬵ǹȥˡ
Լĵطʵңȥʱ򣬾ͷ֮ǰǸʦѾˣɳϣֲ׵ӡ
Ӵ˰
ڼС֮վԹߣֻǾˣһһ
С΢΢룬ˣӦ˵ǰ༶ʦ
ЦЦû⻰
ȻҲûС˵ʲôģ˵϶ˣɣҾһߴš
֮ûĻҾͰˡ
˵꣬ϾվһߣȻǲ̫СģʵҸըˡ
ߵĶǺöʹȵĻ
ͷۡ
ˣѧУҪ鷳
ѩĴˣЩҹ͸鷳ˡ
ЦЦĿС㡣
ϣûгĴȥЩĹضҪߵҡ
СȻûнյϢġ
ߵ̨ǰİŪʵ̨ϵĶ

226 ζ

ֻӦһµġ
û뵽, ѩС, ȻȥͦģеǸӡ
ʱķչ
ıҲԭıء
ǱµѩС, Ŀʼ
ĪǣѩǱѾ֪
ȻʱΪߴ٣ǳĲ
ڣѾû֮ǰ뷨, ܺ棬ѩС̻ʲô
뵽֮ǰԼӵ룬ѩ̵дͬҩһ
Ǹʱ򡭡
˵ǸʱˣڶЦġ
Ҫ֪, Ǽʣҩѧ, õóֵ, Ƿëǣ͸˵ѩСˡ
ѩĴһǵ似ϣͻ, Ҳҩϵġ
СеķĩʵǷս, ѧҩݣ
С˵
Ǿͺá
⻰һû˵, С˵ȥ
ϵĶŽ֮, ˵ѧ׬Ǯġ

ոȥǿ, ϲ²µĿסˡ
ҩѧ͡ôȱǮˣѵҲԣҼˣԾûвȱǮʱȻ㻹ǸС̣Ҳһġ
С΢΢ЦЦÿɷһ
ˣע⵽СѾͣеĶ
ţڼһ¡Ż˵
Σ
ӦûаɡС˵
ûäĿŰ
ĵ˵ͷ˵ֻҪһ洦۲̫ߵĻԡ
СӦһ˵Ǿ鷳ˡ
ʱ򣬻ļѾˡ
νĿۻļڿһݵʱЦ˵㡣
ֻҪжкģǾͺðˡ
¿˿ˣʾǶкôġ

ȷʵвģڼԼŪøáС˵
Ҫ˵ȴסˡ
ѸٵİԽԽľѾһҩҪϲ˰
Ϊ֤ԼжϵĽͨǿҩݣȻ㿪˶Աȡ
ܿͳˡ
һ⣬ٶӪҺһ㣬ڸıܵķ棬Ǻ˲ֹһ㰡
˲ֹһ㡣
ǽǮ˺ѩһ㶼һæ似ʱѾܹոˣǵС̣֪ô̡
̫˲˰ʵ˵
˵ݵĻС㿴˿ݣ˵ϴβ˲٣ȻҪһζҩа
һӣϲĻͿںˡ
Сеģٿ˿ǸдŸ۵ݱ棬̲ס˳顣
Ѿܺˡ
ûҪĽһ£ȻǸŪҾãֻ΢ĽһĻǿԵģֻҪٵһȾͺˡ
СĻ
˵Ȼȥʣµ飬һõġ
ʱĽѾĵĻϲˣѧУڳҩʦѾԼʦ˵֡
пٵĻһ£һҩʦļֵԼܹЩҩõټֵ
һ㣬һ˫۾Ͷˡ
ʹôƽϢĵļѪҺҪˡ
СߵſڣͼԼҲѾܳˣֱӳԶİ칫ȥˣҲ֪Ҫʲô
ûüʣԷѾԶˡ
ʱѾߵǰǸѩʦ
ɫƽ۾޲ɢŵĮĹ°Ϣ
𣿡
УԳĽʦѾͬˡС˵
˵ͷ˵š
ʱеĹԷ
ڵ˽ͨ󣬽ĴԴһӾ˳˵ôûйողǾѾϢ𣿿죬ϣѩҪˡ
ţϾ͹ȥ˵꣬͹ҶƵȻҪȥġ
СĲʦġ
ոյ׷ˡ
ѩʦ˵ҪߣСſڽסһ£ʦ
ʲô
תϵıǰı䡣
С˵㡣
СǹΪ˲٣ġ
ǹóݸѩʦ˵ģ㳢
ѩʦűǿһǹ㶡
С֮Դԥģһǹŵ
𡭡

227 һ˿

ȥ·, Сûһֱӻȥڵͼ֪һźܶҩݵĵط
ЩͼƬϿģعȥҪǿûеġ
һĵط
Сʱ, ȥͦģҪҪĲҩĻֱ, Ժȥͷˡ
Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬С첽Ǳȥ
ֻߵһ룬߾ϸ΢
Сʶ̧ͷǱ߿ȥ
Ǹˮĵط
һֻոճûõС̱ˮ, ſ, ֻͷ¶ˮ棬ȫˮ
۾Ų, ͷϵëҲʪȫ۹ʱʱ, Ҫȥ
ʵ̫С̫, ƴȫҲֻ΢š
СϽ˹ȥִˮС̸̳
ĺ΢, С, ƺ֪ȫ, ƺľ, һġ
СϽ, һܻһעеĹԣֱӵ˼ȵļ
ĳӺܿˣС㼱æȥ˵Ŀĵء
ҽԺʱСѾûʲôûҲر͡
ڣǱȹˡ
ܵܣһҽʵ
ǣ񵽵ġС˵꣬ҲѾȵҪȵˡ
ָճǲֵǮģᱻⶪܻܲǿ
ȻˣһҲúù١
ΪĲпԣǺСѧ˶Ҫ޲Ҫ֡
С㻹ǵãһ˵Ĺ涨ģǾرССǽֹ˸ģΪǺ̵ܲҲᷢΪֱ
ĸˣʲô飬ҡ
ſ߽һĳѩսʿĿɨС㣬΢΢ķ
ٿҽʱ򣬾ͺϸ΢ʹûгֹһ
ʦ
š䵭˵ţһ˵һҽļǩ֡
Сûдš
ԼڶδС̣͸˵ʲôˡ
ҲΪСڵһʱ䣬ͽѧУʦ
ںĴҲǺܿģС̱͵˹¶Ժͳһ
ȥʱ򣬳ѩսʿһָӵĿ⿴С㡣
СԴɻĿְͷתˣ˵ûˣԺҪҼ
šСӦš
һ·ߣΪ˷ֹ⣬ѩսʿֱӰСͻȥˡ
վſڣŹţյϢѾעɹˡ
ֻҪһȷϾˡ
С㿴˿֪һѧУʦġ
΢һϢ֮С͵ȷȻʼԼĵˡ
ʼĽǱȽϼ򵥵ģֻһ̨ӡ
С΢ѡһ൫ֲʧװ޻ȥȻԼ֮ǰĵҩݣԼƷɨ裬дҩƷֲᡣ
ȵ涨۵ʱСЩΪˡ
ϵҩͦģ۸Ҳװ׵ģǵҩȴûеġ
ΪܹȥС룬ֱӶҩһ롣
֮ˣȥ˾ͺˡ
Щ֮Сȥˡ
ͬʱɻĿСҩƷϢһľᡣ
ǵ۶ѧһѧ
ЩõͬѧһСһ¶
ʲô鶼ҪԼȥġ
Ȼнѧ𣬲Щ껹׬ǮЩǮ˵ǲõġ
Ĳ˵ˣһƿҩġ
ҲûзֻҪпʱ䣬ͻᵽϲЩҩѧֵĲȶҩ
Щҩҩһ룬࣬ȻˣҲеġ
͹ܲôˣҩʱ
Ϊˣʵ̫ˡ
ǺܺõģˢҩϢʱ͵档
һϢֵ֪ˣ漸ʲôûУչ˿˵ܻϰҲûһ֪νΪʲôԭ
ߵġ
ϵϢסˣˣһأ
ʲôûУ׻ߵǸ̨ǰ棬ԲԲĶ
ֲŵȥϾͳˡ
дŵҩ
׿˿ݼ飬ҩࡣ
ĻԿ϶ԼƭӵˣҲûߣǼ¿ϣһ£Ⱥôұܿ
ôţ۾Ͷסˡ
ϲʲô컨׹ĸִϢģ֤ļϡ
׵ĺһ٣æԼĹԣļŲѯ
ţֱԼĹϲ鿴ԽԽľ
⡭
̤ʲôҩЧ
ҩЧ

228 Բ

һʱ, ׸оԼҪͻ˸ͷԡ
ǵ˺ü
ϾļǮǲ̫ˣڴһǮˡ
װѼϿֿջһҧ, Ǯһ
֮͸Ͻˣ񼤶ȥȴˡ
ͬһʱ, һ˵
ҩЧУΪϵĶɵ**𣿡ϴųŪı顣
Ϊ, ĸʦ³Ʒ, Сԡ
˵֪̾ˣһµĵ̡
һ˲, ǺȤġ
Ȼҩ򣬲ǼҶŬŬǿԷõ, Ұ
, ĸһЦ㲻˵Ǹһ֮ǰΪҩ㳳һ͸
ҵܵܣмҡҡͷ, ˰, ȻҲϲ, ҪҰ̵Ķ, ʲô, Ҳ̫á
ʲôӣϿģһ㶼ףǣ֤˾ȻһѧУУѹƼ
У²Ǯ˰ɣĵ㿪Ϣ˵ǰȻҲˡ
˵꣬˸ҩˡ
½½˼ˣˡ
ʮ͹֮󣬾ûжˣʵϣڵȣ֮ЧǿԵĻ֮ͻῪʼʽӪˡ
ҹյҩĿֱӾˡ
ڳ굤ҩ֮󣬻صѰæš
ϾҶʲôǮˣԳҩⷽľ飬Ŀ˵ǺܷḻˣֻҪһ£Ǿܹİ˸͵ҽҡ
˵𣿴ûмһʵ
Ӧаɣֲǳ嶯ˡһ˵
Ǹ̫ˣҶûм̷꿴ѾĿף˵Ҫʲô⣬ǻϹأȻûоϴǸһ㡣
š
ˣΧڿ׵ߣĵȴš
ŵš
ֹ
ĸֵһ̲סˡ
ô£ǲʧЧˣ˵Ǹ꿴ſ˵ôое࣬Ȼûʲô仯
ǰôʱˣӦЧˡ
Ҳãǲʧˣ
ױ˵ľģĽ
ۼˣЩǮ
Ҫ˵ʲôЧĻԼҲûʲôо
Ψһĸо˵øˡ
Ҫȥһ°ɣ̷˵
ҲС
ǹȥɡ
ûȥôˡ
ߡ
һ˵žĻ˹ȥ
ĸоֱǸӼˣһ
Լһ̤֮ϻ
ûá
ļⱨͳˡ
ҶԴ˻϶ϣϾڽмʱ򣬺ƶˣ˵ⱨһǲõġ
̷ڱ֮󣬵ͷ˹ȥ
ӣȻɫ䣬æ˵졭
⻰ɫҲˡ
ǵжܿ죬һ˴򿪼գһѸףһ˿ٴ׼ȥǰ濪·
ԣǿ£̷˵̴꣬˹ԡ
龪ϲּС
ı鿴ֱһ㶣˻Ȼ򣬡ݣɣ
죬˵ļҵģ̷˿ûйͬǣʵϣͬҲö̷ˣѾֱץס׵֣ѰҵϢˡ
һжô졣
ֱѸµ֮棬Żָƽ
Щ±ƣ˵ģûо
ʱҲѾӼ滺͹ˣ˶̷ꡣ
εָָ棬˵̫ˣųģ㿴Ϣ
׺æ˹ȥǣֻԽ¿ԽǾ̫̫˼ˡ
ܾȻȫˣ
Բۣ
Բۣ
Բۣ
̷걾ģݣҲһԲۣ
ĶǺܿģ˿ͷһ£µˣû뵽ݾȻôá
ĽĿ˿ף˵ţֵܣȻҵô̡
԰ôƫƧģȻҵ
ôٵҩе㵣İһ᲻᲻ˣ
Ҳİ̫ˡ
ûǻܹܣǰֵȴӣ񣬺Ƥӵ£ģǲò
ǵ鼤ֽĵȴţǿԣȥվȡ
ڿһ˵ʱһ˿ҲѾѵҩ͵һСͥ

229 ̲

¿յ֮, ʹſȥǸ鷳ĵܵȥˡ
ȻͬͬĸֵܣǴС˶治һȥģദ鷳鷳
ſݺУߵĦķ䡣
洫һ
¿˽ȥ
װĵܵ, Ҹʲô¿Ц˵
ʲôĦ̧ͷŰ¿
ȻǺöˣ㿴ϴ㲻ǻҰҩˡ
¿˵, ˳ѺӸˡ
Ħǲ̫ŵģһ˵ҩʱҲʹ˾
רעĿźӱ, ֮󿴵ˡһԲԲ
ʲôĦЦЦʵ
ɲΪ, ǿҩ
оԺ³ҩô״, ³ģһ˺ܶ򵽵ġ¿һ㶼顣
ѱڹϵļϸĦ֮, Ĵһ, Ҫ㣬ҲŲģϾһ˲ٵ˼
ĦûŸĻ, ǲѯһ, ȷʵ֮, ҩ
˿, ڰ¿ϲʱ, ͻȻѸײڶ֮ƣԱ˵
¿ˣȫû뵽Ħô
㡭¿ֱըˣ˵ôôԸ磿
ⲻǲ𣿱ϾϢûгһ㱻ƭأ
Ħͷһ˰ѲܵĻ˹ˡ
ȻˣֻǼ򵥵飬֮Ի˵ʱ䣬ǷֱѸĸҲйˡ
¿Щ߬ȭͷݺݵĸ쵰ܵһȭˣ̣˼Цͽĸĸʺá
ǵһǸҩūͺûʲôӦжЩȷ
ĦȷΪ֮ǰһֱΪ¿üҩġ
¿ȷΪ֮ǰһֱΪǼҩ϶иõġ
ֵζĻ࿴һۣȻ֪ʲô飬϶û䡣
ȥһ¡Ħ̲ס˵
õģү
Ļվȥûãƾˡ
ĦһϲԹĿŰ¿磬Ҿ˵㱻ƭ˰ɣ㿴ƶˡ
˵꣬תͷ˸ף˵ˣȻھˣ֪ҵףԺǲҪ㻨Ǯˣһһġ
ˣ
¿һε̧ͷ˵ᣬͬѧ˵ģ⡭
Ļû˵꣬ͳˡ
ܼ˹ȥ˼£Ͱѽ͵ÿ˵Ĺϡ
ĦһۣЦЦı鿴ԼĹԣһͱһŸˡ
ڽ͵İ¿ǵı飬л˹ĸоҲûм˵ˣǵͷԼĹԡ
һ¿ʱ°ͣʲʲô
磬ģĦ˹ȥ
¿ʱһ㶼޴ĵܵܣæ㿪֮ǰĵ̣һ㿪ɵþˡ
ģȫˣ
磬Ȼģ֮ǰƭҵģĦһ۾Ϳۣ۵üûˡ
ôõļƷҩȻôתˡ
¿ʱҲѾˣȫûҩȻǴʦֱʣæ˵Ҫ㣬ô
Ҫң㶼֪õġĦ˵˵̣ĵ˹עѵرġ
¿ͬˡ
ˣ
ֵţΪһ֮ĸ̲ˣ˽ǰ֮ŭ˵ȥš
ǿ£С
¿
Ħ
ԵǾУ
ѵϣѶֱִк³տݡ
ȻǽǮģûʲôǮȻҲƽʱҪǺܾˡ
ѧʲôһط߹˵
˵ܵġ˵䣬Ȼ򿪺ӣҩȥҿš
ãѧĺˡ˵ţĿۺӣϧʲôûУûʲô
ҲżҪõĻѧҪ̾ˡ
˻࿴һ֮󣬽üͷ˵ûʲô仯
񡭡һ㣿˵
ԭҪЦȥˣ˵ȥһ¡
ãȥȻϣҲûֱ˵
Եĵصȥվȥûãͳˡ
ʵкõģҿ
ط˵ţ۾ͶסˣȻѸٵĻܣֱӾ˵˲ŴӼĽɣ໽ţѧһҪңģȫˣȫ˰

230 

⻰һ, ʱѵϵ˾ȫΧ˹
ʲô
Ҹոտɺҩˡ
, ˸ݡ
, ˵
һ˷, ɱѹܵĶ, , , ſңȥ
ΪǮһ, Ȼ׬ǮУǮǿԵġ
һ̣ѾˣԺֻҪǸгҩ裬һһʱ, ҵһʱ
ڽϵܷŰ˵ȫ, ȫ˰ɥĲ, Ȼ
ǲɵҪô찡ſңɼ˵
֪, ڵҩǱȻˡ
ȻҲ󣬵ôģҩʦ, ȫǼǶ, ҩһһ, ЩͲǮܹ򵽵ġ
˽ɵĻ֮, ŷſһ˫, Ȼ˫۾˹Եҳ档
ԭҪܿ˵ģڵĿƣֻҧ֮ǰҳˡ
ԼѧУ֪Ҫʱ䵢˵ĻǾͲˡ
һ֪ˣͲˡ
ڽɴҳʱѾһȺ˸ͬҳ棬ڿ֮󣬾עѵرġ
һײˮûˣһ֣졣
Σпԡ
򿪵ҳ֮󣬾;ˡ

ĪģЩ
۾̾ͺˡ
ҳ֮󣬸תоˡ
ǣҳԹõҩˣûˣһ
İ·ۣҵֻɱ롭ѽң
pureԵԼ˭ҲҪ˭ÿ춼
۵¿滹кüһģȫǺ
˿ҳ棬ٿ˿Щۣôһҧǵ
¥ϵģѵĲʹ𣿺þǺãþǲãӪʲô˭ǮǴҷȰǣҪģ
ڿֿȷû֮󣬽ŵ˷š
겻ŵĵ۾·Ĵţ룬ԺҲҪźá
ֻ˸õĿͷȴûһĽβ
ڽûãһȺ˴ӵ˵̡
ûõʱ䣬̵Ĺעʹӿλһ򣬹ؼǣڳϵš

CaNDy.SǸ֪ĴƽʱͻҵĻߴĶ١
һֱѡһ;͹ˡ
պõģ壬Ҫ
ȥ￴˿ʵǼª˶ˣҲνˣõǮ˵ʵû١
ܿġ
ݾͰѶ͹ˣһ£Ҳûʲôʵ̫ªˣǿͨúӡ
Ϊ˱׼ݵ׼ȷԣҪһһ¶ûзùҩĽġܵܡ
˵꣬ͰһϷĵܵܣɳѹֱϣȻҩֱӸˡ
ܵܣ
գһ˫ںڵĴ۾޹ϣĿCaNDy.Sƺ̫׷ʲô顣
ó𣿡ʵ
еࡣ˵꣬ƷƷһᣬֻǻû˵ͱһˮ
ȰɣͶˣҩڣģϲǳԳ𣿡
ĻϣһƬĹ
ûģܾܵͱŵ˼֡
ĽԴϴֱģֻҪһҾͶܹˣңԶһԱЧͼ
ֻǣûȶãǾͿ˼һƬ
Բۣóˡ
CaNDy.SҪһܵ𣿡
죬ǵȥٱ
òˣĲ˵ҵҪȥҲˡ
̫ˣͷȻȻ
ۻ¥ϵֵܵȵȣǸûҸ߼չ
Լԣ
Բۡ
Բ 1
Բ 2
ûãĻϾͱѵԲ۸סˡ
ţдĹ뿪ֱ䣬CaNDy.Sɻ󣬾ͼǱƬĻסļⱨˣһҪܵ׷ĪģѸٵ֮ǰĵ̹ע
ܺãǸĲƷֱ͵Ϊֹ˵ʵҪǵģǧҪäĿ嶯
֮CaNDy.S򿪹ԣĸ곤˽ţҪԲһҩƷӼҲûϵ
һߵĵܵܣ
Ͷ飡
ǱߣСŪҪĵҩϵϢ˸ͣ
˽żҪ
һֱۣӾһ
ŵ㿪˽ţûҳͲͣµϢ
һӵ
ûûˡ

231 

, ֪֪ĶѾ, ò˰»
ֱɣһ
, а, ֪֪, ˰, ߼ҰɣȫҪˡ
ֵ, ʱ, ְ, Ѿܲˡ
۵, ۺʯãҶ, Ҷ㰡
ҵĵһǧһ, а, ңң˧ĹҼһҪңҲʧȥ㰡
С΢˼, ȫصˡ
õĵҩȥ֮, ȥ, ȻѡӪҺζȽ϶࣬ϲԵʳġ
СѡǸ࣬տģٹһʱҪˣϣܹԵúһ㡣
ġ
յϢ֮󣬲ֹѩС̹ˡ
һĻнѩʦ
СĿ˿
滹żֻȸ
ǿ԰Ƕߵġ˵
ѩʦһ
ȺСӣ˵Ҫ𣿡
û¡С΢΢΢ЦЦ
˵ҶɣҶ˺ܶġ
⻰顣
ΪܹѩС̳ԱԺãС׬Ǯ³һβϵĲ֣ȫˡ
ЦĽݣ˵֮ǰ顣
ԭСڷϢȥʱһ߿ѩѵ
ǼյϢҲ͸Źˡ
ЩȸС̣ΪӦ֮ǰ鲻ԣҹġ
һ˵жԣʲôҲܣŹˡ
һ·ϣЩѩ̣ǺǴһ
жûԸ˳ġ
һֱֵ֮ǰСſһĻ
Ҷǵһιսʿ˶Щġ
ѩǣһվԭأֹȫɵϽ
ȸС̵ǿŶˣǻϲߵӵǰ棬һڴ
ɡ
СѩС˵׼տϲʲôԼãζҶѾˡ
ûģǽˣһùϵտҧһں˵治ѾܾûгԹôóԵĿˡ
۾Ʒ˼ڡ
͵۶ǱߵĲһѩʦ˵
ԣû˵ôôϤأջá˵
Сһ߼⣬Ц˵ãԵ㡣
óԣҳԹóԵʳˡһֻȸС˵
ô˵ʱҲάԭˡ
ϾǺÿëûˣһ㶼ϲġ
֮ǰʱֻΪЩɶѩһµġ
ĿĴﵽˣŲš
̫óˣ㻨Ǯ͵͵ȥĻóԣԺҵë㣬ҲҪҹһѽ
һҸسſ
Сڸտŵζϣһӵģڵ͸ӵŨˡ
ſеζ
һ˵ѹôǹ㿴ҵ۾ء
ԭûȸѩСǣ˲䶼̧ͷ
Ŀ䡣
һȻʶƨɣ˵һûء
Ǿ͵ȳ˵ɡ˾˵
ع˾ѾǺܲˬˡ
û뵽
·ϻЩһ
Ųߡ
С㿴Ƕӣ̲סЦˡ
ЩСһǣһһ۵ģʱ򰡡
ûϵģϲĻԺһ˶С˵
⻰һȸС˲۾ˡ
ǵҪ׳԰׺ȣֻطûʲôóԵġ
ѧУ涼ӪҺܻǮѡϲĿζԾҲǺġ
Ǿô˵ˣһġ˵
ţ˵ˡСЦ˵
ǵôڳԣּӿϵĶ
ֻҪˡ
ʳĵĻ͹ʱ򣬵ҾѾҪˡ
Ǻϲ
ûģĺÿġ
ܺóԣررϲ
ڽʱȸСԽԽŵÿˡ
ѩС̻ǰģɡ
ʵһ㲻һġ
Сע⵽ǳԶٶȼӿˣеʱ򻹻ŶĿȸС̡
Ȼ˵Ǻģȣ̬Ѿ˲١
Щ仯΢Сȴʵʵڴŵġ
С΢ЦţͶιǡ
Сʱһ㶼ģԼĶȤ
ѩʦԵıȽã̬ɡ
ûбԭˡ
һƾһ֮սֱһһѵĿԼǰ
ûù
ܲһţһ߿ٵİסҪ͵õС֡
ץסѩ̣侲ջ֣˵ĵá
ȸǱ߳Եüɹġ
ǵսģӲġ
ڲҪŶѩ̣ҪֹԼֵܣʵ̫ˡ
еʱųһڣһڱ˵ˡ
ʱѾ˵ˣѾ׳տζˡ
ΪʦҲܹԵôζʳʱ
ʱЩȻԼССˡ
û뵽ֻѩĴԣȻⷽļܡ
ôţ͸оһΣյĿ⣬
һ̧ͷͷеѩ壬ĿⲻƵؿ
˵УҲûʲô
ô˵ţѩ˲ûջĿ⡣
ģ׼˹Ķ
æ˵㣬ǺԱˣҪˣǧֲС
С̧ͷȥ
еС̣ĳϵʳ
ɻ˵ʲô
ӦԱˣٸ׼ˡѩʦ˵
С㿴˹ȥ
Ҫˣ˵ѽɲͶ֮ǰǼӰӵۻģš
ֻǰ飬һ㶼ࡣѩʦ˵
˵Ƕˣġ붼ûͷˡ
ǴһЧʶûСѩ˵
ô
ʦμӿԵĻôһᱻ̭ġ˵
š˾Ӧš
ȸСһ㣬ǵֲȥ
ĿѾֱˡ
𾪵̧ͷ
ѩСѾʼˣζĿһһʧǵĿС
Ŷ
ȸСǻ࿴һۣӿ˳ԶĶ
ѩСҲûз
ڼҲгʱ򣬵ֶܿƽˡ
ΪǷ֣Լʱ򣬱˾ƴԶȻԼٳˡ
żģ̲סˡ
ʱҲ𣿡ʵ
Ŀǰû㡣
С˼һ˵ϲʳģϲֺһԣȥЩ鷳顣
šС㿿׶ˣҲû˵ˡ
СĻͦҵģʦͱȽˣԼŪϡ
ݹʱֱ˺ü䡣
ϱͨӪúȶˣСǺٶ
ǻǾÿóԣȫڿϡ
Сطտɫ͵λ̼ϣ̵ķˡ
СǾ׽ſ⣬ԵһĻϲ㡣
ѩ߻ãβҡûһ㡣
ȸǱߵļһѾԵͣȫûˡ
СֵʱѩѾ޲ˡ
ȫûСȻĲˡ
ʼʱǺ侲ģϾСֻһѣҹġ
ֵȣȫûеȵС
˵ǸˣһϢûС
üͷ
ˣֹ֮صϢˡ
ͲˣԼһֱȲϢ
ѩλʱĿⱻµϢסˡ
ҩ裿
̫ҩ
ѩһ˿ϲ֡
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𾪣ҩȫλˣ
ӵġ
¥һͨУҩݳƷģҲû
¥ҷǳ֪֮ģĿ׼Щֵҩʦ
ÿס
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һҶ׵ˡ
̫죬Һ죬飬䵽ҵͷˡ
һҩ۸ûвףҲûй
һϲϲˣžǺġ
ˡ
ˡ
ȫλ
š
ûġ
㻹ڿĻ֣ץסˡ
ǺúõֵܣҳԵøҩ֮ϸҵҵĵַ
СǣңǸںڵģԲԲҩһҵ̳۵ģ
1¥¥滣ϲлл֪ȥ
2¥˼ҵҩҪ˼ҵĽǶع⣬ҲǾˡø磬ֻ˵ץסԺһҪ̱ƹ
3¥ҾǼûˣڵķѾתô
4¥˵˵Ҹոպĺ̨һѧУֵܣƽʱģǱΪ飬û뵽Ҳзʱ򣬹
5¥ǰɢ˰ɣɢ˰ɡ˺õܴһӣûã¥֪øˣǻǵһԼɡ
6¥ֻ˵ҩ
7¥ŹðͷӦģҿˣҲȫλˣϡ
8¥Ҳһҩûгⱨ棬Ϊ˾˵ģڻû⣬ҳԣǲܳԵĶҩ
9¥ֵܣʵҩԳԵģеĿһֱԣеֻܳһΡ
ѩμ¿Ѿˢʮҳˡ
ֱӵ˻¥㡣
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ѩεӰ˰
Ҫѵͻȥˡ
ﻹ˽ŮݣƵط
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ֻ֪Ǹѩġ
ʾ֭Ҳûĸʦ͸˵ȥʹϵˡ
Զߵҩʦѩ뵽Ŀԡ
üͷص˹ԣô˵Ҫһ˵ġ
Ҫ鲻Ļʱ϶ᱻȥμӿԵġ
һ㶼ȥ
ֿ۲˵ױ
֮ǰѩξ͵Сסĵط
ǣǰǿġ
СȻȡͨϢ
ѩ΢΢Ťʲôû˵ֱ뿪ŻˣȻù˺С
ͨúܿ졣
ѩμڽͨһ˲䣬͵
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ʲôˣȱްǲָȱˣϴĺмѩλûüģȷŭˡ
һ㶼ϲǸѩĴԣҪѩΣ˭֪
뵽ǸһǮˣеɫͺˣ˵ôҪٺˣԿġ
ѩԭǿ̵৵һ³˳ɫ£޵úòһ߿ޣһ˵ˣˣѾˣҲ֪Ӧô죬ھߣҽȥ
һʱòУ˵ţȥ㡣
ãҿԼء
ţǱߵҾˣܿ͹ȥˡ
ڹƵ֮󣬺ͻ·ȥˣҪǸŮ˵ж񶾡
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кܿ͵طˡ
üͷ, еѩ, Ѹ˹ȥ
̫ˣ, Ҵȥ˵
᲻᲻̫ãϾǰôϲ, ǻǻȥɡѩ, ǣһĨɬЦ
̫ˣؿɲǰ, Ҷ˵ˣ̫, Ż, Ǳ۸
㿴ɫ, ô, һ˴Σհ, һ㶼ûа㵱ѡ
һҪúõ˵˵УͲܹţ
е, һ˵һߡ
ܿġ
ʹ߽ȥˡ
źҲз, Լܹȥܹѩһȥ
ڽȥ֮˾ͳСڵĵط첽ȥˡ
һ·ϣѩζǲ̫ԸģиĿѩ, һֱš
һ, һҪĵġ
û, ˾͵Сڵĵط
һ㶼ûпֱӾһȭϣ֪棬ĻҾͲˡ
ѩĿ˸ĿΪͷĺУһӡ
飡
˼̵ģȫվ
ǵɱ
ȸҲȫüͷѩǵˡ
ţ৵һ´ˡ
еȭͷģá
̧ͷһ˫۾
㡭
ڿѩĴ̡װ׵˵ţţӦĻᣬֱӾʹȥˡ
ѩҲûиվһߣȻһս
д󾪡
ܴܲùͷѩûôȷ͸˵Щһˡ
ʹ󺰵˵ġ
û˵ġ˵
ȻʲôսģǣҲûһۣƤġ
ôôƫ̻ѵ֪еɫѿȫûϵȻ
Ļû˵꣬ͱСˣʲôҼҵˣ
㻹˼˵
в˵˰䣬ֱ˺ü£һ»ҪɫһӾʹ˱Ρ
ǣЩѩҲûֹͣǿٵİΧţϵĶĿ١
ûãѩξͿǰݹĺУѾòˣֱһֻϻڵϡ
۵ֹһ㾪ŵĹ⣬С˵ˣ㣬㲻Ҫ
СֱЦˡ
˵ҪҪ٣ǲǾֵҺҪˣˣҹǲҪ
㣬һֱ㵱ѵġѩε۵΢΢죬ɫ԰ֽ
ʲôˣ㶫ûңعҪʲôǮµģС㲻˵
ûûУҾġ
໡ŷߺ֮ɫ
ӴûˣŴԳ𣿡ֲ´ĵ˵û£Ѿ˻ˣȥúõĽͰɡ
ѩʦ˱ֱվſڣĿɨ־һֳ˵пѩԳʮ֣Ǵãһ֣ڻ
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ˣȻ˴
㲻ܡ
ܡĿĿźУĮʮ㡣
Ҫ粵ͻȻ𣬷ȷʵǲԵģֻǰϰˣûע⵽ȥӦǣûΪȥһˡ
⧲е亹ˡ
ӵģǹ㣬Һ˵иϽ˵
ûʲô˵ģôôɣһ㶼˵Ӳã±ȾС˵
ʱ򣬾ֻҲѾˡ
˽ֱ֮ӾͰѺиˣʱеЩңҲûǰĵʼûڹˡ
ǿʮ֣ǼǴǱ˴ߣһܹ顣
Ҫ
ѩεžʧ룬ѪɫʧţȻ
ɵĽЦЦĿѩΣҪŸ鷳飬Ƿ˵Ķ㻹˰ɡ
ǷǲҲһȥѩʦѩΣĿ䡣
ģһỹģϾͻȥã
ѩδʧɫ̲סӿ˾޴Ŀ־壬Ҳ̲סˡ
ѩĴԲеġһ˵ţһҧһڿ
ǲ̫Уáѩʦ˵
ָ˵š
һ˾ͻص棬Ҳ֪Ϊ̫ں»ʲôѩûãÿݻ˰֮ǰԭߵĶȫͻˡ
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ҹ
ըˡ
Сһ»ʱ, Ƕɵ, Щˡ
ǵȵڶصʱѾڻˡ
С߲ŰѶȥ
ǱѾˡ
ûˣڵһεԡ
һ۵ġ
¥ϵģѵĲʹ𣿺þǺãþǲãӪʲô˭ǮǴҷȰ, Ҫģ
ŴѴѵӿ, Ψһһ
Ȼ, ˵Ŀ⡣
ʱ, ǲҹè, ΪҲ, ˶ս
Ҿûôˣ֮ǰͱˡ
ʵ̫, ˵˭ѽԼ˾, ñ򣡡
üҾ˵, Ϊʲô֮ǰļûôϰ, ̫ˣôôôС
ʦ, , , ˣһвأ㿴԰ɣ
äһǽǮģƾǻˡ
¥ϵĹǽǮĲڹ
ûǶˣװ׬Ķװ׵Ǯôְܻ࣬ÿ嶼ôһС鲻õˣǲ˭Ҫ˭ȥǽǮģ
Ҿ˵㲻ҪĻҩҰԭۣҸ߼
һҲ֪ڶû̫ŰˣòˣȻ
аµһ㶫Ĳð㿴Щ໴ļһǣСеˣ
ҾͶĴͷˣ£
ЩûˣҪ˵ĻﲻҪǣֻҪһ˾ˡ
ѾҵȫҡѶעˣûˣҾϣһȻݵķϸ߼ң
û˶ԣżҲҫһ䣬Ȼͱûˡ
СС֮󣬾ʹ򿪹ˡŴҶϲӣ̲סЦ
Ҫ˵ٷȥĻû˵ġ
һ֣Ȼȫҩġ
ûˡ
׬ǮȻһѩרõѵҡ
󲿷嶼Լѵңֻѩ廹ԭʼķѵ
С׼ʱ򣬺̨ͻȻյһš
һۡ
ǹرյ̵֪ͨڳҩ֮󣬳ǿҵĸãûнµĻǲġ
һ롣
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234 бս

̺µһ˲, ˶ըˡ
ʱ, 򵽻ûԵˣѾˡ
û˲֪ʲô
һѧƶģ꣬ظ˿ݺС
ҵǱȽͶ׵ġ
֮ǰѧУˣһμ͹ȥˣȻһֱû뿪
òƾˣ顣
ЩǮͬѧ, ȥһµҩ, ȥױҵġ
еһǮˡ
Ϊҩ, ԼݹĹʶóˡ
ҩ, ˭
, ҲҪϸõ
ͷſݺ, ֲ̧ȫǾᡣ
ԵĻǮͰˡ
ԵĻ, ֲ֪ᷢʲô
ͬʱ
ڵˣҲסˡ
Ǻòײҵ, Ǽٻ
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Դˣܶ˶˯ˣ۰Ͱ͵ϵϢ
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ȵúżҴûиϹò֪߶ţ
εôһӾˣ϶Ƿ˺ص顣
Ҹոȥһ£˵˳˵̵ҩˡ
ǰɣ֮ǰۼֵܣһ鶼ûеģǲԼ岻ˣȻ˾Ϲ
ôصҪ⳥İɣӦûϣȥ֪ͨǱ߶ţӦܹ֪ܿϢˡ
Ǽˣ֪𣿷궼ˣҪ֪Ļ᲻ᡭ᲻ᣬӦûյϢġ
ֵǣҵˣˡ
ܿġ
˾ͳȥˡ
ϣһҪҵϢˡ
ҩ⣬ƭ֣
¥ǵڶңյݺ󣬱ҵж༤ˡ
Ҵûôܹҩ˵Ŀġ
ָоһģͺͻȻէһ˸Ͳš
һżĲ飬˿ݺС
ƿԲԲҩ衣
ȥûʲôرģҵ鼤Ҿﶼر
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û뵽
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εĲС
ȫʹš
һعʱȥҽԺ⣬Ѿһȼ
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ѾύϢˣϣҲҪϵˡ
ֶҩһܺ߾ˣǧҪٱ̸ֵƭˡ
̵ַͼϽͼٱͼ
1¥Ҿ;ĪġҶôãĴ°ԭǶҩǿЦء
2¥ʲôⰡ֮ǰû˯ΪҩȻǶҩ˷ʱ䡣
3¥ûȻˡ
4¥ҵ֮ǰͬѧԹƤӵ³ԵģӦɣ
5¥¥ϵǼҵǮô˵Ϲ
6¥ģǿҪ㴦ˡ
УԵı˽ࡣ
ϾĳԵ˻ġ
żмΪ˵ҲӪ׷
УһǮˣǱҵġ
Ҳʲôһ˻ȫͼǧ˶š
ɴͲǸ˵ġ
֮ǰڵҲˣٴΣһôġ
Щ˲С
֪ģǱϹƱơ
һˣٵˣһʱ䣬սԽԽԽԽ˾˽
û¾͹һȥ㰡ϹƱƣ㣿ܵģбҩȥͻԸڣ
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SJBб԰ԼԣƱ˸ʲô
ҳԾҳԣԺ̿ˣҩȫˣб£һãɷŭĻš
׷̫ˣһ֮£ͰԼֵǸȫˣҪЩ˶ȥ
˽йֵ֮ǻûԣͿЩ˸һˣǶع˹¼ԼǵȴϢ
ʱﶪһըϢ
Ҫֱˣߵ֣

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СĻһ˵ֱ꣬˾ըˡ
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йɣһɽߵĶС
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Ҿģµô
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ҲǸȺġ
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ֱ
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ֱ俪ʼͷβֱ֧˻Լû˵껵˻
С˵꣬һߺȲˡ
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ҵһξǼʿô
Ҳ֪ĻǼٵģҪһûˮ
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¥ϵķʲô
ˣ80%֮ǰ20%ˡ
ԲۣҪûĻһɣһȺ
ҪûĻǿ϶һȺˣſɣڵǺ棬ǲġ
˵ģڶ֪ϣϣˣҪĸоһڣҪǼٵģҲ̫񣬲Ȼôô
ڵĻԽԽʱյ˿ݡ
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ֱˡ
ԵģһǮģЦû뵽ҵôá
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ڳ֮ҰһͣʵζҲǿԵġ
ֱ֮Ҳ½½յ˿ݡ
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ˣҵģҲҪʼˡ
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ܿġ
ڵһݽ֮½½ģЩҲȫˡ
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ͼضԱ
ȷʵÿ˵ʶֻе࣬еٰˡ
ԲۣĴʧһڡ
ȻԵ٣˾ȣҩʦˣҲ˵
һһˣҩʦҪģӦҲģҪǣһɴоҩʦ˵ġ
Ĳ˵ˣŰҡΣ£
ˣ°ɣĳҲԣҼ裡
 1ҲңҰ㣡
 2ǸҾˣ
 ꣬ҿɣҿɵģң
ʱѾûɵǵĻڷˢ¡
Ѿûʲô뷨ˣÿ˵ͷһģһǾҩ
ò·һУûͷŹˡ
ؼǣЧʵ̫ϲˡ
Ѿˢ˵ĵĻһӾ̱ϡ
Ȼģ
ŽԽԽ˿ʼŭˡ
Ƿ׷׾ۼҪٷ
ܺߣô˭ȥο飬ֻҪύϾͿˣûжΪѡ
ҪǣֻҪһûнǾһ첻ܹҩˡ
ֱҪģ̺鷳˭Ҳûаյһ᲻Ըÿζ
οˣҲղǮģ£Ǯᱻϣȡˡ
֪ˣǵĻҲǲԸġ
ǿҪܽܽĪϣ
ûûɣǿҪȽ⿪̣
Ӻò׶׵һΣһζû򣬾ͷˣҲ
һأ
һѵ飬ǵͲε̫ˣ͸˵ǴӲ̫͵ĲǼֱǱҶѳġ
ˣûãˢ˼ˡ
ǱյϢҲڵһʱͰϢ͵˳Ĺϡ
۵Ե⣬ܿģ뵽ԼµĻְ˰С
ֱ鴫úܿ죬һȺڸ罻ռϷԲԲԲ۵²ţ̾Լûôõ飬װ״һǱҵҩ
Ҫ֪ڵҩһĸʶнˣ͸˵ָƷʵҩˡ
һʱ䣬ȫغյֻ˵ļһôš

236 Ӳ

ֱʱѾ, Щ˵ֻõˣһŭӱ档
#ǿҪٷͣƲ#
¥Ѿ˺ܾˣʵ̲
һεʱûϢˡ
ڶεʱû򵽣ٲ졣
εʱû, á
ЩҶˣƾʲôѵ̸, ϣûˡ
׻ûԣ
ǿҪٷͣΪʲôǸҳٳٲϢ, ܵ
ǿҪǿ㴦
1¥ţҵôãȴȵһ, ң
2¥Ǿˣҩô, 飬ҵʱ䣬˭ѽô֡
3¥ͣȻԺѧô죿
4¥ǶûҲҺòãҵʱһֱˣϵͳѾʾ׼ˣһ, ٿʱѾˡ
5¥ҫ۵ĺ, ҲղĵĺڰˡҾ, ʲôʱԿ갡

666¥ˣǿҪ㴦

777¥ǵ˵ʲôΪʲôӻᱻûȣ
778¥¥ϵĸոִƫԶô㶼֪ҡȰ㻹ˣҪ֪ˡ
779¥Ҵֱˣ̫ˣΪʲôңȻаٷְٳ齱ڰ

ҥ˵˵ҵʼԼԱͼ
¥ǵһεҡ
©ģû뵽ĸҼˡ
ϻ˵ˣֱһҵʼԼԱͼɡ
ˣܺõġ
ҵֵڵڶҩߵʱҲˣҰһùˡ
ȻֱûѾȫ޷̼ˣҪٷǸҸ͡
֮ǰʲԽͼҩ֮ƲԽͼҩ֮ĶԱͼͼ
ֵʲԽͼֵܷҩʲԽͼֵܵĶԱͼͼ
1¥Բۣʲô
2¥ҵϢȽʲộ
3¥ԲԲԲԲۣ꣬ǵôôð
4¥ʲô˵ˣ
5¥ļٵİѾںü濴ǸˣҪˮֻ˵̫ţˡ
6¥ҲմǱ߳ײӣҾҪ侲һ¡
7¥ֵǣûϢǸҵ׳ûУ
8¥ûأһֱˡûύϢ֪飬Ǵһֱš
9¥λУǲߴطˣɣַˣ
10¥뱩һҥߵģϣͻȻջ̽Сjiojio
11¥һԴˣھȥףһԵȵİҩģ

887¥Ŀȫǣ
888¥ 1ҾãҪ侲һ¡
889¥ţ
890¥¥ϵĵȵңһȥֵһӣ

һ졣
ϴ˶¿ҩ걻飬۵ʱиѸӮ˵Ĺע
Ƽٻҩ٣ܺˣ
˵ܶҡ
¥֮ǰڴ飬һֱûʱ䴦ٻ⡣
Ϊܶڹ⣬Ҿͳˡ
Ҫ˵ǡ
ǸСˣûҩʦҵ֤
¥ҩʦῴƼΪ¥͵ҵʵݡ
֪
һֱǼʵҩˮ״ġ
¥֮ǰһֱоǱɹҩЧ᲻һ㣿
ҶǰоϣڹҩĲͼڹҩʵͼڹҪǵıʼǽͼ
Щһ͵͵ģһ֮ǰҷҵûˡ
ҲûʲôһֱΪҲСĶˡ
ġ
ûҾͷˣ˰ҵʵݸˡ
Ǹʵ֮ǰûƵģȱݣΪ˰ȫҾ;ٱˡ
⼸û˵Ϊһֱռ֤ݣ׼ߡ
1¥ǰɣ֧棡
2¥ԲۣǿҪƲá
3¥ֻҾе͵ԾͰ͵ԵĴȻǾٱҩƷãֵֹģϸһ£Ҳûʲô⡣
4¥ҩʦȷʵģǸҪòϳ͡ⶼˣȻ˸ҵðҩʦһϼ
5¥Ұһ죬°ͣе΢ȻҲҩʦǰǱߴÿҩʦɰǧʵ飬Ҫóֽͼ̫˰ɣ
6¥֪ıǶԵģֱϢ
7¥ˣ͵߱˵óǶ͸ˡ
8¥У֧㣬ɣҪˣǲС͵ͷ

873¥ţ
874¥֧֡

1083¥ҩʦѾѯĿǰҲǸ˵ļ¼Ϣ
1084¥ԲۣгˣӰ
1085¥ȻǼٻϳͣ
1086¥ûݻȻصȥһǱߺš
ŭ塣
û뵽Լֵ֧ˣǸٻǸС͵
ܿѾ˺ü¥ˣʱԽԽӿ˽
ûãӣ#ǿҪٷͣƲ#֮ҲǼţһ֮ǰȶȣֱ˵һλ
һֱڹעϵķչСҩʦ飬ǵһ֪ģȻǲỳɵġ
ֻҩʦ˶ˣ嶤Ҫ˸Ƴ
뵽ҩʦ˶ѩ΢̬ȡ
ýָͷҲ֪ҪôֱӰԶҩʦˣҪôڿʼԼȥҩʦˡ
һˣֻ񣬲֪ǸСôġ
ڽ߾ţ취ʱѩǱѾʹСˡ
ڵõȷĻظ֮ģͲȡжˡ
ǵΪ򵥴ֱҷǳֱ׵ıʾ֧֡
һ˲䣬СԭѾرղһֱڵעĵ̣ӿ˲ٵˣѩսʿǣڵһʱյϢˣȫ˹ע
Щֻûü˳ȥģЩܹáû͵ģЩٱġ˶ˣЩ֣ͣЩ
ʲôˣֲϵͳ𣿡
ܣӦˮ
ǰɣһѾʮˣȥôģңԲۡ
쿴ɣٱ
ԲۣǴ׷𣿡
Ǳô£ô󵨵Ļһƽ
ǰ⾿˭ô󵨣һսɵߵ裡ˤ
Բֵۣǣյظˣ˵ЩעģȫѩսʿÿĶУ
죡Ƿ˰ɣ˭ǵĺô
ޣѩЩ˵磬˭ܸǺôôˣҪǮ׸ҪƲ
Բۣ
Щѩ˶𣿲ԣҿԲۣѩ忪ĵꣿұΪαװġ
죬ѩ峤ˣǼҵӣܾκʽȻսϼ
ֵܣҲˣϿȥɾɣҪϱǵӣǾս̨ϱǵˡҲҵļϺȣټ
ټҲ

237 ѩ

ѩսʿǵĽ, ߳ԹϵȺȫȻˡ
˶û뵽ᷢչ
һʱ䣬㣬ðӡ
µӸǰ֮ǰϢȫѹȥ
Сĵһս
ʱѾﵽˣû˲֪ҵĵزˡ
СȳǱѾðˡ
ʼʱǲ
, ȻҪȿꡣ
ҪһŶѡ

鶼չˡ
ɴһݣֱӱǸ˰ѷóˡ
ҩʦҲ, ҪǣͲ, Ǹ˾һҰҩʦ
Ȼˡ
һǸԣҲǻܵƲõġ
һ˲, ŵĲˡ
ϵѣ˵, 취Ҳȥ
𼱣Ȱ˵һĴڣͷ˵
֮ǰֻǲĵģȻŸһѵҲ, ǸǸҰҩʦ, Ȼҡ
һһ˵, Խ˵ԽѹɫƬ
̾һ˵֪ˣİɣ֮ͱˣһóһҩʦרҵѧġ
һ˵ţһ߿ɬѾһôˣһɣ
ãȥ㡣΢΢ƵЩ˵
ȥĻҲû취ô棬Ǯˡ
ﰲοԼһƯ·š
ʱˡ
Щ⣬ʱӦû˻Ŷԡ
ܿ죬Ūôˡ
ֵ˹ˡ
ɫ˲԰˵ǣǹʲô
ֵˣڳʾص֤֮˵Ͷߵ¼ġ
һһ˵ţȻòѯʵΪͶߵֱ࣬ӹˣϣһ¡
Ҳ
һȻʶԼʧ̬˵Ҫȥÿ
Ҫȥʲôط𣿡ֵʵ
ҡҪȥҩʦˣԣҪȥҩʦͶߡ˵
⻰ֵϵҩʦǱߡ
ûãͶų˵ѾǱϵˣԲùȥˣʲôĻǾˣϣһ¡
˰͵͵ùԣϵһǱߡ
ûϡ
㶣ֵ˷ͣûϵϡ
ô˼֪֮Լˡ
ӳסˡ
ˡ
һ죬õļҩĻˡ
µ֪ͨ
֮ǰͶߵҲ׷յ˻ظǿϢ֮˶ˡ
Բۣвɣ˼ҺúõĿ꣬òˬҪݣ
ǾˣΪܺߣôãˣtmĹؾõ㣡ˣ
޳ܵģûô޳ܵģװޣˣϹˣ˷ôʱ䡣
Ӿ֪϶ǺõģһҪ򣬾ǲ֪ʲôʱ򿪵꣬ԣӦý⿪ˡ
ǽˣô˵ĻǸӦþˡ
죬ո࣬ѩ壬˱һǧѩ׷Ŵ򡣡
εýֺͷٵأҾȻٱˡ
֮ǰǿһںõİ˭һҵʹ
ڱ峤ö񰡣֮ǰǿǸҩʦѧԱ֤Ҫֺš
֪֮ͨС̵Ĺעֱˣ֮ǰ۷עҪ߳ܶܶࡣ
ڿ֪֮ͨӿ˵š
Ϊ˲ڣѾǼԡ
дߴ»ġ
йϲ
еǸġ
̶̵ļ֮ڣÿ֮ǰ棬Ѿˡ
Щ˻һֱ¥
ȥûûˡ
൱
һһ󲨵˴ӸطϹ뿴һۣꡢˡû
ûãӿ˸ˡ
#Ҵˣԭ£⿪#

֪ˡ
ǰյϢ֮ҾţһҪúõĹȥǸ֣Ҹͽȥ꣬أ֪ˣҾǸõġ
1¥ޣǲǰҲٱˣûڡ
2¥ԭˣлл硣
3¥
#ʹ飬ұлģûȥ齱#
ҾǸ·ˣһ߿ϷģǸʱ죬ͺڣΪǵҴû뵽ģΪ˰οԼѡ㣬߸ң˼ûҩ
ԲۣԲۣԲۣѾ˶ˣ
1¥ĬĬס
2¥Ҷйµˣ̾įӰΡ
3¥ 1ɣҲѾ˶ˡ
4¥Ӿţȥ齱ˡãûС
5¥Ҿʣʲôʱ»
6¥ѽܰĵòаҩˣصֵ˳ȥ
7¥¥ϵģʵǺöˣЩ˲Ĳˣֱӽˣ뵽Ժôľ֣Ϳİ
8¥ٸѸΧ˵ʴǣ˭֪ʲôʱ£
9¥ǣǣ˵ģԺһɽ𣬶һεģôҪ ԺȫǺޣȣǵң
10¥ѩ壬̡
11¥צ֧֣
12¥צ֧֣ 2
13¥צ֧֣ 3

1111557¥ͻȻѩȨ𣿾ûȨ˭ùѩ٣


238 ע

ͬʱ, Ҳע⵽³ҩʦ
û뵽ѩҲȵԼҩʦǴ𣿡һŵŮվڻ԰ԺӵĻõеƤӵİˡ
ϰ°ɫ°Դɵͬɫϵȹӣµĵ׺˿Ʋ۾
ѩ嶼֧, ǲҩʦˡһ˵
ǣǿ־, Щ꣬΢еɫ, ҩʦˣѩ˼ˡ
˵ţһõ壬Цֹ졣
ڰǡ
˫ڻĳǱ
ò, ͸һаע, ǵֱ϶ŶƵĽʸеֻ
ѵãѩȻҲ˸ҩʦ˵
ܻܲŻһٿοһҩʦƺҲûж, ѩô, ġܵܵǹǳЦ
ٿɡ
ǡ
Ӵ, û뵽ѩ廹Ϣ˰ھһԼ̡һֻϻ˦β˵
Աߵİ׷һۣ˵ûҲǿ
ˣ֪ģ˵˵ҲһͲҲûôˣĺˡ
ϻ˵ţȻڰ׷֮Сţѩ忴ţ˭ҰϧˣҪͻľͺˡ
ҩʦˡ
ûҵ𣿡һʵ
ѩǱѾ˸ˣû鵽ǱΪԷûг۷ǷƷϼաӵͷ˵
ոշչʱһ㶼ûпֻĸҰҩʦǱ߻ȡ裬ˣѾˡ
ǶԷʱҩʦҲˣƫƫ˭֪
ңʵҲĻ
ǡ
Сߣ֪Ϊĺճȫעˡ
ߣǰĵõһϢǾǰϵĬǱһϡеĲҩҪȥġ
ɵǣ֪ϢʱѧУѾżˡ
ŻҪ죬С;Լȥˡ
˵ط֮С˳С·Լˡ
һź󣬾ͿԿľˣһ޴ķس
С㿴Щ𺳡
ǰһӰǰ
ôˣ
ĬڷĹĹϣվС㡣
ͦ϶һϢһ̣СʶѩĹ˺
£ĬһƬĿտžķĹ

239 ԰

С㿴ɵģ, ɫһ
, 紵ķ, ۵ϻûгѩսʿǷĳһĮ
ֻϰΪȻɽģ, ɵ, Щǵˡ
Ǵӳ𣬾ʹڱ԰, Ȼ󰴲ͰĳѧϰոһյĽսѵ, ¶ĳ󣬹¶Ļš
һ˺Ӫ, һ·, һðգһս
û̫Ը, Ҳûʲô룬ÿ춼ӣֱһ˭Ҳ֪ʱȥ
С㲻֪ΪʲôѩĽ, ھǺ, ǣϣЩǣѩսʿһ, ¶ĻŹ¶ȥһһ, ˭Ҳ֪, ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
һϵ, ˵ߵˡ
СһЦĬ˵пյĻȥǱ氡
棿
Ĭ۾һ˿ɻ
С㣬صĵ˵ͷ˵ãɡ
紵ǽµСݣСĬȥ
ܰ
һ˿ûУûУûгֻһֻߵĳĬϢʵĹߣ·𶼲һһ㡣
ܿģǾ͵һееķ䡣
ȫ飬鼮С
УСƺһһĹˣ߻վŻţһ˹¶Ŀ顣
֪ǾӰ
ûʲô塣
ֻһʵǿˣһطˣγɵӰӰˡ
ʱʵǺʵġ
ѩĹ˾Ͳһˡ
ѩϡ

ĺ
ǷսĻǻսʿѩֹ̺ǰϡ
СתͷĬ۵
תͷС㣬ˡ
ţллСü䣬Ц˵Ĭ֮ʲô
飬ѵ
ɣһ𿴰С˵
ĬС㣬˵ͷ
û˵ЩΣСһԼ飬һʵǣҪ𣿡
̫ˡ
Ĭ˵ţ۾ЩĬĿŵݹ֣󣬻һǹŵ
͡
СЦһ˵û£͵ĳһ£´Ūôģţ̿ζô
ѾСˡĬ˵
ǣѾһСˡС˵ţ۾һҵԼҪ飬Ǿɣţ̿ζġ
Ĭüͷܾﲻԡ
˵ټӵǡ
ԡСЦе˵
Ĭ˵ͷһߣ˹ԣսƵ
Сûм˵ڵϣҳ
ӴŵĽﴵ˽ǵ°ںͰ׷ͬϣȫϢ
ʱȻȴѾûôˡ
˵飬С;ߣ˵ǮƸСʱҪضʱ䣬߿û£ȣûµĻ˳¼һ¹˿ˡ
֮Сڹַѡѩ塣
ûãϵˡ
С΢Щ֮󣬾ͬˣȻˣϻһҪһ㶼ʱ˷档
áģҪһɾ̫鷳ˡ
֮СߴһŻȥģĬû˵ֻ۾һʧ䡣
СЦ˵´μ棬ҲҰ
á˵ͷ
ָСˡ
Ĭվڻ谵ɫ£Զֱɳ뿪׿Ӱߡ
տĹأĴš
׷飬ӰӰС
رɥ
԰С̶Ѿҵˣֻһ챻ˡ
ΪԼòãһ£ŷǱֻǻررæʱҪʱת֮󣬾Ͱ˸ˡ
뵽ͨͨĵ
ܿģͲᣬϼš
ܺõģŴͿһרѩļְϲǣȻɹˡ
ֻй˾Уܰװ˷԰ʱ䣬֣ɣҲɹۡ
̸̫ˣ
԰꣬Ҳ˵ܹ꣬ȻȥѧҪܺܺõһֱҵĻܴ湻ԺǮˡ
ǿ۾ϲõĹâβͶֵҡһ¡
һж̸֮Сȣܵ԰ĻǱͳһṩְĵط
Ĺͺ̫ƾˣû취

240 ϲ

ѩû뵽, һԼȻ˸һ
Ķ, ȻбȻȥʱ
뵽, ɫѿˡ
, , ѶС֮Ϳ˲ٵĵط
̫޳ˡҧ, ޲ھܹȥСҧϼڲŽ
, ڿɲʱкЩû, , Ҫľǽ֮󿼺˵С
ҪõģһҪΪǸɼҵѩԲ, Ժص˵ʱ
ѩΰԼʰһ֮ȥ
ߵһ룬ͼһӰĽһˡ
Ī, ѩͣס˽Ų
֪Ϊʲô, Ǹᡣ
㻹𣿡ѩ˹ȥ
ڵϵüͷƺҪѹȴôѲ
ѩ, ֮˵ҸоȻɳ
Ļ˵꣬һ΢, , Ҫ
ˣѩδϲ
ֻûüʻ, Ϳ˹ȥ
ܵ˲أҲᡣ
ѩڿ֮󣬾;˸ؼ˵
һ·ϣѩμѵƶţҪܿˣֱӾͰۻˡ
һ㶼ڣҲۣΪ˴Ǻܺõģû˵Ҳܹ˺ǲһġ
ϣ˻ڻš
ѩڰŹ֮󣬾Աߴˡ
ò˵ʵ̫ˡ
ҪһͺˡûϵҲġѩ˵꣬Ϣһ֮Ű˸Ūϡ
֮ȥҩһ¡
С˻ȥķɳһϢ֮ˣվԭѩμ˽ӵӡ
еں˰ԭĶӸͱˣ˵ûˡ
ںǱӼ֮һݳڼң̳ڼҵвƲ
ԭУǸԭ˾ںȥû¾Ͳŵġ
ں̳˼ҵ֮󣬶ѩ¹νҪʲôʲôѩͨеЩ֤ݶæαģȻѩ͵ڣٴ˹
С΢΢۾ñ˵ϢһŸĵ֡
֮ûˣŴĬǱ߽飬ͻȥоˡ
Ǳߡ
ֵյϢ֮󣬾ѸٵĹȥˡ
Ӧѩ򡣡һֵ˵
ţϢ˵ǴԣңزŴô˵ġһֵ˵
ôôģ˶ؼңüͷ˵ѵӦȥҽԺ߽𣿡
֪Եһǻǿ׼ɣٹһӾ͵ˡ˵ˣɫ
طˣڴԵ棬Ǵˡ
οʲô飬ѩǱҲýڣǵԣѩսʿģҲᵽʱ˵ˡ
ܿģֵ˾͵ˡ
ûȥţǲ鿴һΧĻȻʼѸٵж
ǣǸܳ˻ڻš
Ĵչѩԡ
һֵ˰ѩδһߣ˵ȥɱ˷Σա
ѩδ󾪣еҩ˵ϣʲʲô
˻ڴϵĺڷˣһ˫ʹǻţҲǺܺÿˣȻﷸ
ԺҪ˸̫Σˡһֵ˵
ûֵ˼ֻһʱ䣬˭Ҳ֪һԺһһᷢʲô
ңҲ֪
ѩϸģ΢΢ͷȥ·֪Լһ㡣
ںʱڻţ˼һûľͰ˸ץˣӭĽǷɵС
ڵֵ˰˴֮ѩμ̱ɳϡ
ýʵ̫ˡ
ҳôÿһˣȻǸﷸ
ˡ
һҪѷ䴦ɾһԺľƺǲӦӵģҲûŪףǸôﷸˡ
һȣӦǸ˼Ĳǰ
ͬʱߵںˡ
ڿʱ˾±ˡ
ȻǰûнģⲢ֪ʲôӵġ
ģ
뵽ǰǸŮˣǸȥһ޺ƯŮˣҧҧ޵Ҫ
û뵽ôãȻôŮ˸ͽˣ
ҪҳȥˣһǸһȥ
ںɫò񻰣̲סŭҪǵʱɱͲˡ
ڷŭ˺һ֮ͷ侲
һ侲ͽЩˡ
뵽֮ǰԼ顭
ġ
ôᣬһ㶼
ͷھһˣһģ
ںţ󺰵ҳȥҳȥҪҸס

241 ЮԱ

С߽֮, յϢ, ںѾץסˡ
΢΢Ц׼ؼˡ
, С֮߳, Ϳһͦεվķ⡣
ЩɻĿ˹ȥ
ǹġתͷ
һ£ʱеñ, ѩ롣
Сɻ, Цһ˵ҽģǸһȽС֮Ҫ
, 񻹲֪һ¹ϵϢɡ
˵ţվԭصС㡣
úܺÿ, һƤڴ£׵÷⡣
ˣһֱûʲôֵľٶ, СͰ±ˡ
ͷһԼĹԣȻѩʦ͹Ϣ
˵ǸԼһҩʦʦ, ѩ֤ͨȷǱ, ԺҪġ
СƽؿԺ˵֪, ɡ
ָ, ˽ȥ
ͷϵñ, ¶Ⱦʰ쵵ͷ
ò˵, ɫͷͻǺߵģȻǲҲ̶ˡ
ĶǿȸԻٰ˽¶һ˧Цݡ
ɵġ
˵٣ȷʵǷǳÿ
һ˫һۿ˵ʱ·ʢ˺һǹ⡣
̫ĶûʲôáСòס
ôأһÿЦݣ˵뿴ѽ
ÿãͲҪ̫滻ˡ
Сһߵ˵ţһ߸ϲˮ
׻ǵһô˵̲סЦ
ҪǶģɾͲˣѩ簡˵˵ţԼɳЦòˡ
ʱЩ⣬ֻΪǰѩǸһȹűЮԱģû뵽ѩСԾȻôȤ
ľͲˣȻô棬ǾͿ㿪ʼɡ
˵ţһʱ䣬˵ٹСʱˣڼʲôʵĶҡ
⻰˵úףСʱСʲôԽ
ʱ֮˾ͻˡ
С˵ͷ
һϲ˵ˡ
˼ԸܿģԸҲ֮顣
˾Ϳʼˡ
һʼãһһġ
տȥƽֺг
ûÿ׾͸оԾˣѩСѧϰٶȣ̫ˡ
ܶණͲֻ˵һ飬Ͷˡ
µǣͲǼװġ
ѩСǵһѧЩ
츳ʵ̫ˡ
ǰ˾ⷽĴУҲûдﵽֵز
׵ɫƽĵѾ˾κˡ
˵ˡ
˵Լѧô꣬Ҳǿǿĳʦҩ
еʱ鲻ãʧܵʱ
ƺǳ뷹ģһ㶼ûвʺϵĵطҽ١
뵽׿ŻµС㣬Ŀ͸
ԭΪԼѾǺ츳ˡ
û뵽
ôˣĲ𣿡Сʵ
Ӹոտʼע⵽ˡ
һֱԼû˵ԽԽˡ
û£ҾͿ˵
ô˵ţСõҩ
ⲻûʲô
һһ
˵ģԣһҩ
ǰЩ򵥵ľˡ
еҩԼҲҪĵġ
οǰֻ˵˵ġ
ûСܹҩ
ҩȥһ¡
ȼ֮ˡ
˼
ٿСʱ˶Щ޾ˣ˵û뵽㻹ͦġ
⡭
ƿҩۡЩʵ˵š
ҡ
֪Ѿˣ˵ˡ˵ֿһϵı棬о˶ˡ
ָоʵ̫ˡ
ѧ˺ö꣬ͦ˵ģϾܶˣȲ
֣Ϊѹ˸ѹˡ
̫ˡ
ģȥԼոչʱĽ顣
Ҳ֪ѩСԵǰ
ԼΪ츳Ͳܴ
͸˵ڷˡ
Źʱ˵ˣСԾԼѧϰ
Լڹʱ򣬶ֻһڷȴû츳֡



Ŀ⸴ӵĿС㣬˵֪ˣѾûʲôý̵ˣɡ
С㣺
Ժ󶼲ҪˣҲˡ
С㣺
ҪǣԺҲ˵ʲôңҲʶ㣬ʲôûнֻ̹ȥ˯һúõ˯һ
С㿴ſһĻ겻ӣʵҡʲôòõĵط𣿡
̫ˣе㻳
װеĶ£˵ҸоҪúõȥϢһ£Ȼһҽ쵽׶Щʲô
ܾòӦùġ
Ŀ⸴ӵؿС㣬˵ˣ㲻ˡ
˵ˣǰŲһ
ЩƮ
Щҡҡλεġ

ԭĴǣ̵߽һѩҩʦȻȥġ
Ǽһ֮󣬾Ҳȥĵطˡ
ֻҪصԼķӣȻúõ侲һ²С
𣿡׷վڷɴĸۿʵ
ˣѩ壬һĶǸﰡò׵ģ˸ҩʦҲǸ
׿ԶĳУ˵ý̵ҶˣԺͱЩ˵ˣҶǸ
û£֪ģҲ֪ˡ˵
˸ʱ򣬲ԶҲ˵š
ǵս񣿡һ˸̾ҪѩģҲ䵽ֵط
˰ɣѩʲôֲǲ֪Щˣǲͨ΢͵ңվöӣҲ
ɫͷ˿Լٿ˿˵ҲҴ򲻹ļһһӶġ
㣬еϢвУ
ôûϢˣϰҷ˲˵
ͬ΢΢üѹļͣˣľʲô
ҷ˵Ͳſ뵽Щǰ飬˵ʵǿЦģʲôû˵ѩ廹ͦõġ
ˣҲţҪʲô͡ˡ̾һ˵˵ͼʲôʱ͹ȥˣ˭ΪԼǻŵԡ
˸ȥ⻰ɱҶˣ˵Ҫѩȫ巵ˣЩޣ˭ȥӣЩӸϵļһ𣿵ʱܵñ˭죡
˵⻰ʱ򣬱ֱˣͷȻ뷨ģǡ
㲻ãѩҲҪб䶯˵ЩѩսʿѾˣ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻᵽߡ
֮ǰһֱû˵һսʿͬü˵֮ǰǰѩϳҲûڳؾͲһˣҪǲúýĻ»ᷢ顣
ôģҪ𣿲ӦûϵֻǸ𱣻ҩʦģôӰ첻ˡ
ⲻһҪѩķݣǿ»ҪһҡҡͷȻǲ֮ǰǿ̨Щˡ
Ҫ鷳ˣЩҲǵģúһ£ںˣ»븺ܲỹţѩ˰ɡ
⵹ǲᣬѩôͻƵģߣҩʦѾȥˣҲ׼ãһһҪغãȻ鷳ˡ
֪ģǹû֪ġ
սʿڿȥ֮Ҳ˷ɴ
˵ȥ𣿡һսʿݶԾ£վڳǰ˵
ᡣ˵
ѩǲģĻá˾֮֮仹ǩЭģ۲ᡣ
ɴܿˣȥ
û뵽أǵҲˡһ˵
ţãϲɡ
ͰǸûָгϢ𱻱˸߾ˡ
˵ʱ򣬳ĹͻȻյϢ
ͷһۣĬˡ
ˣ
ţǵˡһڹȥٶȣã˵ˡ
һ룬ӰѾˡ
ɴϣɪɪ
֪ͲӦùġ
ѩҩʦǸôڷɴϣ
֪ѩҩʦ𣿷ɴûѩİ
ӦյϢ˰ɣô죬⸽
Χ˶˵ŸղŴӹ㲥ϢǾ̫ˣ֪Ļÿȸˡ
뵽ԼʱѾѣˣû뵽ߵʱ򣬾ȻҲôѡ
ȻԷˣȷʵʵʵҩʦһƱǿңҲ֪
ڿ׽Ųѵʱ򣬷ɴ˾޴ıը
ŲһüһѩЩǹˡ
ʱͻȻ
Ĳ˵ս棬ѩǾԿ׵ģȻԷ˵Ҫ壬Ҳ
ıը
ûãɴˡ
׿ŽԶЩѩɴеĵǳ׷ˣ
ǾãԺҲҪĺá
̫ˣ
ʵ̫ˣ

242 ţζǹ

Сʱһ㶼֪淢, ˰ŵ֮, Ϳʼţζǹˡ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ˣżһҲûʲô
һѧʱ, СͰõǹѧУˡ
Ȼ, ʦҲзݵġ
յСǹʱЩ, ֪С̺ͬѧƺúܺ, û뵽ԼҲзݵġ
ҵģʵ
ǰСüչº͵ЦЦ, һֱ鷳ء
ޱĿŰװĺӣ˵ԡ
ʱСҲѾˡ
Сű˹ȥ, ˵˵Եģţζġ
ɫģǰ, һݵָоʵǿԲóġ
Ҫġ
С㻶ֵİǹ˹ȥ, Ц˵С̳Եǹûʲô, ôࡣ
СǶʱͿǹ

Ǵû
Сһף˼, Ͱǹ˾
һġ
ܿ, СǾԼˡ
Сǹ֮, ԼҲһ, ŵ
СǶڳǹϿʱ仹ûеԼҲһţһ߾׽ţһţȷʵó˲١
ʱһѩսʿ˽
༶˶ڳǹлƮŵζʱ;ãּˡ
Сע⵽ˣòԵİѶǹֳһݣһǰ
ѩսʿŻɵĿ⿴ǰװͯȤĺӡ
ǣ
ôܳǣ
ôڳǣ
ѩСԣǲõЦݣ˶٣ѹеһɻΪѵؽ˳ӹӡ
ллӲ˵
Уһյô
ͯȤ
һֻɵģְҵĿ⿴˳
׽ǹ˵ûй涨˵ǲԵġ
ѩսʿ룬Ҳԡ
򳽣˵Ǽ´ˡ
š
˽ּ򵥵˵һЩ֮󣬾͸ˡ
ѩսʿڳ˽֮󣬺ܿʧǵҰڣٳֵʱѾ̨ˡ
˲ֳ˺üѩսʿ
һѩսʿĿֱӵĶϵĺӣûãҪˡ
źӵѩսʿû˵ͼѩսʿҲŰˡ
ƣˡ
죬û˵
ֻȥ֪ͨϢģҲӦзݡ
ְɣ򲻹ô˵ġ
Ҳ볢һ¡
źӵѩսʿǰеǹֳȥˣ࣬һҲֵԼҲʣ
紵̨
ЩĮԵİ׷ӣŰľװӢͦεĳǹ
ǹѩ庺ӣ齩Ӳһ˲Ҳһǹŵ
ġ
ζ
С
һֵֺĸо
ʶĿڣЩ΢ɻ
ʱСڵİ༶ζӵŨˡ
ڰ༶ˣܵ߿һۣõһ꣬ڴĿԼʦ
ˣûеġ˵
ϵڴϨˣ໽ţŶʦѩ嶼ˣΪʲôûУǲƽġ
ѡζӪ˵
ҲζӪҪǮģһѡͨӪˣ㲻ҶͨӪרһ谮
˽߽Զ˵ţţ½½߹༶ѧ˳ζġ
̵λſڵġ
źյѩԭͷ񣬴Ӻóһǹŵ
ζһӿˣЩղܡ
ǹŽеС㣬оζóˡ
͸䡣
ǳǹ۾ǲֵɫ
ѩξʱҹġ
ҪС㴦һ£ϾҪʼĿԵģ٣ҲҪһزС
ûܻʲô飬ֻЩȣñ˰æƭʦȽϷ㡣
ǰиѩС̣ΪȥΣյĵطɼ񣬱صĺͬСһˡ
ʱ˵İŸ𣬱ʾԼû񣬲Ҳܽҵˡ
ǸʦͽѧУѩʦֱɱǸС̸ҹж±ߣȥˡ
ѩ̾˿ǰš
Ÿո߹ȥͱſڵѩˡ
񣬳ɱ
ֱӸŵԭأعʱ͵ɻȥˡ
ѩԣӦ˵еԶǲԳŴԳֵģȻǾͻܵصķɴ

243 

ȥ, Ͽˡѩ˵
䣬Ĺһ
ѩֱӱһ
Ҳû뵽, ʦߡ
, , ֮ǰ顣
ѩһûס, ԼˣعʱѾˡ
Žģҧ´ǲĵˡ
СûдרĵԼ顣
ڵڶڿεʱ, ʦʹȥμսˡ
սѾкܶˡ
Сǲ̨ս, ֻҪһ߾ˡ
СȴҪġ
С̨Ͽ˹ȥ, и༶ѩ, ںһͻԴš
˶˵ˣʱٶȺܿ졣
û, ϵСҲѾŶսˡ
С㿴ϵı, Щζġ
˰, ȻһЦݣͣ
عͷ, ۾ڴСʱ򣬷·ѩڻһ, ˵š
Сû˵, ǶҲбֵġ
ǻ, ΢ҡβͣ˵һˡ
ǣһǺкս
ǵսܼңżģᲨԱߣ˵ȫش
С㿴Щġ
СһĶģȫǱɫĿ侲ķս
̨ϵٶȺܿ죬ܹʹġ
ûʲôеĸ첲ϣѾˣ˴쳣ңС㻹ûʲôͼһߡ
ֱΣգȴûô㿪ġ
ΪԼյʱΧСǶ˾ľ졣
һӾʹ˷ɹĵС
ڵµʱ򣬺Ҳһ˵ϡ
ѩɱڵġ
Ǻƻʦʱ̨Ҫˡ
һϢĺУų˵ˡ
վԭûжĿģ˶ѡ
ôǿӲ̬ȣȻҪˡ
ƻʦһ̬ȣϢ˵ˣ´αˡ
һسӡ
ֻǲĻҲû취ϾǴ򲻹ġ
Ҫһȥ
ϾĲ˺ǱߵĴԵġ
ںƻʦź֮󣬳С˵̫ˣԺԶ㣬Լȥ
С̣Ÿոմս̨ΪȻĵ˵ͷ
С΢΢һ㶣ȻղźܾգĪľҪЦô죿
˵֪ˡ
ţСֳ˾˸л
ʱѾŻǰĶ飬ĽŲһ٣Ųӣ˵֪ˡ
Ϊ˰ȫС֮ûмˣкܶҪġ
ս̨ϵҲࡣ
ѩӮ١
Сĵһݲ֮ڳȥ·ϣ༶ı
Ǳʵսġ
еһжԼ׼ҩ
ע⵽ˣѩõĶ̭еû
ǶĽǮ壬õĶǼ¿Դǹ
˶٣ͣڵ·ڿš
ûãЩѩǾһˡ
ǵҰ
ս̨֮󣬾޾ɵˡ
һѩΪ̫ڼңŪˡ
յıǰѲ֪ʲôĵ˾ɥòˡ
С㿴һźö飬Ȼ췣ȥˡ
ͷԼõĲϣ񰵻һ˲֮ǰ׬ǮӦùѧУѩһһеȵ˰ɡ
ҥ֮һֱŪҩȥġ
֮ǰţŪһѵҵģҲ
ûԥģС㼸ʹ˹ԣǲģǲߵѩǶ
֮ǰͼüѩڴǮˣҵϰ߶࣬հСϲȥ򣬻ˡ
ǽʼڹ
ܿģҵǸǰĿʽСоһ£ȷѩ۶Ǻõ֮ſʼµ
ѧУʲôܣ΢ѯһ£֪ˡ
ڰѩ֮СʹŶȥˡ
ȿݹʱȫУѩ嶼ˡ
ǾȻյһ֪ͨͨ
ƾѩݺţͿѧУſһѱZOROOOOOͺŵĵ
ʱ򣬸պѾ¿εʱˡ
ûԥģѩ嶼ȥǵٶȺܿ죬˲Ӱ
ǰܷСǣҲ˳ȥ
һѧУſڵѩС̣𾪵ĿſڵĿݳ
ģ
ЩԺ˹ȥˢһݺš
ܿģݻ˾Ͱһݸˡ
Ű鿴Ϣ֮˶еƮ

244 ǵĹע

ָо, ѩǲᶮġ
ʡԼã԰ʼְҹһֱ, û˴湻Ǯ, һѱZOROOOOOͺŵĵ
꼸ǲŴ˿ݺУȻԼĵ
ʱ, ܶѩǶѾˡ
Χ˿
𣿡
̫ˡ
˭ģ
֪
ǱѾü쵽ˡ
ǱZOROOOOO
һס, ǵ۾, ˸ϲõĹâ
ѩСһɧ, ܿͽˡ
ǳ, С߸ȻѸжϳٵȱڣѸվ˹ȥ
վ֮, Դŵ, ÿοѾߵ֮ͬǵβֲҡ
ĻǺܿġ
ǸʱŴһȥյ֮󣬺ԥľʹ߹ˡԼʮֵ֮ˡ
ЩŵĿſݻ˰ѿݺзԼ, ˺֮󣬾СĽĿ, վһ߲𿪡
ڲ𿪺ӵһ˲, ס
ȿ˺֮, ۾˲Բˡ
ΧվźЩѾõС, ÿϵı鶼࣬𾪹Ǻϧó
ġ
̫ˡ
Һϲ
ġ
СһϴϲЦһ˫۾ϸϸĹ⡣
Ȼڿݻ뿪ҲûȥѯģҲ
ֹѩȥˣҲȥѯˣûҵǸˡ
ﲻζˣҶ࣬ѩ廹ǵ׵ģһӵģȫ˺
ЩǮˣҲǲһ£ûôǮľͲˣųѩǱҫ˼һӣһмζ˭Ʒ˭֪
̨ϣŰװѩվڱԵľ󣬡û뵽ôǮ
ҩȥˣ£˻ûˡһӲʿΰѩսʿ˵
¿һۣջĿ⡣
û뵽ȻˡԺһܹΪĴԵġϵѩսʿ˵
۾еˣһѷĵɣһְ۲ӵӲ
ǻˡ
ɲǣ˼ʰ
ôˣһѩսʿʵ
Ѿȥˣû£˸š
СɻĿԼԵʦ
߳УţģȻ˵˼仰֮󣬾ͱһȥҩҿ
뵽֮ǰģСҲûоܾ
ҲҪȥġ
ҩҵĵص߻ͦģûãСǾ͵˵ط
ΪƶǰԼϲģСȻҲǵһιǺܿҵ˷ŲҶĵط
ʱʲôܿ죬оʱϲġ
߰ʱһˮڴߴŷ磬ö೤ʱ䣬
Ĳˮ
һڣǿģ֮һرĸо
ֶǰǼģЧ̫ˣûʲôʱŪ
Ҫһʦ𣿡ʵ
ˣҿԵģȻЩͬûвܴġС룬֮ǰѧĶûкѣҲǿѧġ
ţҪ˵˵
ע⵽ˣСԺڷܺŬҲе֡
С̾ۻʱڿ顣
Сˣʱڿ顣
С͵ʱڿ顣
ֻСʱҲ
СǻΣһоõĻеԼҩĹߵȡ
֮ǰ·ʱ򣬾ͿµˣûãþѾ͸֧ˡ
ѵ㲻ȥ𣿡̲סʵ
棿СЩɻ󣬾ڳҪ˵ʲôʱ˵Լõ飬ôһֱ氡
Ҫ˵Ļһӿںɫѵ
ÿ춼һ㣬ΪԼҪΪˣϲɵ顣СЦ
ĵܺãȥԼˡ
ʱСû˵ˣҲܰĴһߡ
ûãĿͽ
һžѶãܹôˡ
ѹǰҩʦˡ
СЩҩĶԱţȻ֮ǰƻõȥٰǷŵ
ԽԽЩ⣬˵ҩǲеŨ
˵СѶŽ֮˵ⲻսʿõҩǴȥ˥ȥȥë׵ȫҩ
ϾԵǮ׬İ

245 ķ

Сʹ, ĴһȫǸţûġ
ϵķǮŴһкܶǮһкཱܶĿġ
ҪǣһԵıҪǮ
ûʵǿɳܵġ
ûʵҪӵа·ܺԣǻȺŹġ
Ŭ׬Ǯ, ʵļ԰ǿ׳, Ϊھаѱ˸ȥ
Ȼ󡭡
Сûĵľṩˡ
ʲô, 鱦ηɴƱ, Ƕϲġ
԰⻰ˡ
ûһ, ҩʦܸ
, ҩʦѩС̡
С΢΢ЦЦۼϺ󣬰һЩҪĶȥ, Ȼ˵, ţӦ, ȥˡ
ӦáµС, , ˵Եġ
˵Щܣܹʱ龰
ЩҩԿЩ²ҪˣȸԵĻ㲻ñȴĻҪ
̾Ϣһ
СڸոյĻϣּ˵ҩ֮󣬼ҩŵˡ
̧֮ͷ˵ҪԵ㶫𣿡
Զ
ǳԶʱ
㶼ûзӦôת䡣
˵㲻ÿ𣿡
õģ֮ǰоˣаյġ
СϵżЦ⣬ľòˣֻҪٽһЩ΢Ϳˡ
ֶӣǰзӵġ
ҪǣСѡΪġ
ʱ֮ǰ˴ʱڣԵĻƷǺٵģûĻӦúܻӭ
Ż˵û£ǻȵȰɡ
Ĳ𣿡СЩɻ
ָָǱߵʳﴢ䣬˵ͷáˮáãóԣĲһ𣿡
ΪߵĻܹһ㣬С˶û˰Ѷ͹ˡ
Щ֣ޱһ¿ˮ
ûã˾һʳˡ
ʵǿȳԶ˵ġ
һͷһͷ⡣
ģܺó԰
ͬʱ⣬ŰװѩսʿβͶˣ˦˦ȥ
һǲӦùİɣһ˲˵
ţѾԺüˣ´ΣһҪʦְλߣˣҿԡ
鷳ˣЩ鷳С̻ǽҰɡ

246 ȥȫҩ

߳Сʳ֮, ûߡ
Ϊʱ, ĶѾȫŪˡ
СİάAĵʱ, ı΢ġ
ȳı΢, Щһֱڵ, ҩˡ
Ǽɵˡ
òײŵȵ, ֪, һһ
Բ, ʲô
ҿ, ǿ˥ϵҩ, ë, ƺͷ, ƺɫ, ٽԭӡȫҩ
ǡǡЩ̤˰, ΪʲôһҩʦֶԲۣԲ, Բۡ
찡
һյϵͳʾϢˡ
û뵽, ҪԵģȻôɳܵء
˵õҩʦأתͷȥݸҵˣ
Ҫ˵ͼǱ߲ƷĿѾڷ½ˣûһ, ͼױˡ
Բ, ô, ѵЩԹˣ
һ˵Щ˸ɵģҾһأȻûˣţװı
Щһ㶼ҲŸҼұһģҩʦֵģͳȥʲôɳӰ
Ϊô档ӺòˣҸֱӽغҸոյֵĿݣȥ͸װˣԲۣڣˣ
ұǻңҾԥһ£һգۣȫûˣţҪֶţ̤Щ쵰˰
壡
壡 1
壡 2
壡 3
壡 4

Ī壬һηôңҲû
岻
Ͳ˵ˣҸû
ڶˢˢԣˣ˭ô塣
ͬʱǼʿ½½İάA͵˽Ȯ塢ͻ塢塢塭֮ٶȿȫյˣʵ̫ûзݡ
ڽ꿴°ͣгһ˿ǣܣǸɵģȫǼʣЩˡ
С겻ĵ˵пܵ
١꿴Ǽ۸˵һûԻ
Ųǡ겻мڣָҩ˵ⲻǻʹ𣿡
ȻʹĻعˣҪر嶼ҪҲŲģ
СƲƲû˵
ûд⣬Ͼ׷飬ҪԽԽòǣǣٶ̫ˣû

247 ı

Сҩ֮, ϵ鲢ûжע, Ͼ֮ǰѾ˿ͷˡ
黹Ҫġ
ڷҩ֮, ͰصϸСͷˣΪľǷֹʲôǿҪʵʱ֪
ŵһҩȥ֮󣬺ܿһ, СֱӾͰѵڶȥˡ
֮תͷȥԼˡ
ģ٣֮ǰĸծ, ƽˡ
˸֮, Сȥ˯ˡ
ʱҹѾˡ
Щ˶Ծ, ͣӿ̡
ȸھһѧϰ֮
ǰѵûϢʱѾȲˡ
ߵϢ, ֮ǰģûĻʱѾˡ
ȥһµģû취ôִš
ŽҩʦС, ͱĻԲ۸𾪵ˡ
һ±ơ
ʵ̫, ľ, ӦȫǸʻҩŶԡ
ͷ, Ŭۣȿ֮˶ɵˡ

Ⱥò׷֮ǲĵܵĽ
ͬʱܶҲһϲĽ𾪵ĳȥ
棬Ѿ򵽵ģû򵽵ˣȫ顣
ûõʱ䣬ܶӾͱǼѡ
#һǣǸ·Ұҩʦ#
¥ҩʦˡ
Դӷֶһҩʦ֮󣬾ûûҹضˡ
ò׶׵µĻߣ붼ûҪµ

Բۣ·Ұҩʦˣ
ʼʱ͸ͳҩʦһ
ŪҩԲԲûһˮݡ
ò׽˰ɡ
ȫ໽ţţһתۣȻ¿
ֵǣ¿һ㶼ûϵ
ӹֵǣ¿ûֶ˸ˡ
¥ͺᣬµҲû˰
Ҿͺˣҩʦôģ
ǼʣԻǴԣΪˡ
ƤϡΪҩʦѡҿȥصļַѩȨо
1¥лл¥¥Ǹˡ
2¥¥Ҹ㣬ûɵġ
3¥˵˽¶ʹˣûУ
4¥ûԩǣôôùǿ壿
5¥𳶶ˡһӥѣֱܴӰ˴ˡ
6¥ȸĴԱʾǶûյ
7¥ԲۣԳûӰ
8¥Ӱ
9¥Ӱ

10180¥ģȥڿֱЧˡ

#һҩʦάA#
˱⣬¥ʲôûд˵Ƿǳˡ
Ŀʼ
һֻϸ۵С֣һյװҩ
ƵĻ̣ܶȫֻ̾۵С֣ҩһƤͿĨš
𾪵鷢ˡ
ʾҩڽӴƤ̾Ͳ˷Ӧ
һСʱļ⣬ԿԿһСϵƤõķչˡ
޸ٶô죬޸ô󣬼ֱ˻ϲ
ƵʱǸ۵С֣˵ػŸ
ʹûҲ֪СԿĵ顣
ͬʱ
ƵµԼֱǷˣĴԳû
ҲҪѽ
ƵСԾ˭ʵѽвУ
СֻֿҩʦάAܾˡ
ģЧȻô𣿼ֱ̫ˣ
Сǣһ尡
ԲۣȫǴԵʵ˺ԣӰ
ѾȥҩʦǱ߹ҩüˣȵңҾ͹
ҪҲҪȥҩʦǱ߶š
¥ϵСԱˣõ
ţ
ң
#Ը߼չάA#
Ƿˡ
̫ˡ
ԴӴ֪ҩʦ֮󣬾͸󹺡
Ȼˡ
ǿ϶򲻵ģΪЩ쵰ȥˡ
ֻ˵
ûĸֵܺõҩȻûмԵ;
ҩ߼Ұɣҳг۸100չ
1¥ޣǰû;ԣڲˡ
2¥ڰгѾ150ļ۸ˣûˡ
3¥¥²ںС԰ɣЧôǿˣûһԲҪġ
4¥¥ô˵ģң壬ԣҲҪ㲻͸ˣԼҲ
5¥ѾǳˣһʮԵĴԣȫǻʵĴ˺š
6¥ͻһԾᣬҾǸ˵˵ԣʱͱתˣ׬ʮļǮͦ˵ģһʱ͸оȫڰˡ
7¥ãԭҲЦˣɵ̫ˣ
8¥ЩһͬĶûУҾ˵ôأҰңҿԳʮļǮ
9¥
10¥һ£ӦҵǸˣллޡҵŮѾӦˡ
11¥𾪣
12¥𾪣 1
13¥𾪣 2
ǿѾоǰһڣʱض㣬ڵĲˡ
Լ룬ôˣǸоǺˬˡ
ͺԼĴԣ˸һ
ǳĿˡ
ǣСĵӿˣҩϼܡ
СѩͷŲĵݣ˵ҡҡСβ͡
ֻҪԽԽãܹܳʱ䡣
ҪǣΪ֮ǰúܺãϰָ࣬˸ҩ
ڻûȡء
˵۾ŵ顣
СʱѾԼǵ԰֮ǰ˸Сһȥôġ
ŵߣ԰ĹԱ˵ǸСһDNA֮󣬾ҵĸͻȥˣѾԴԽصĴ
Ƕͻȥ𣿡Сʵ
͵ǱȥģϲΪܸ֪ԵϢл񡣡Ա˵ţóһӡ
СϢ֮Ӿʹˣ˺ܶصƷԼǮơ
лһ㶼ܡ
С㿴ͦϲģ˵鷳ҰЩǮȫ԰ϡ
ȷЩͦģܶԶϲԱʵ
ţҲϲ
СЦЦ˵յܿģѾյˣôóȥҲܿģôķʽ棬Ҿð԰ϻġ
Ա˵ͷʾˡ
ʹСȥιˡ
԰һжԼɡ
Щڳ͵ѩС̣СŬѧ档
ĵ·
ˡ
ҲޱԼ
š
С㿴ʱһֻųѩС̣Աߡ
Сͷףַˣùԡ
ѩСסˡ
СҲȫסˡ
ǿС㡣
żѵš
Ҳ֪⻹ģÿֻߵСߵС̣ŵ״ˤӡ
Ȼһ˫۾ôС㡣
Աˣ˺üΡ
һɵС̣ĬĬƲͷװûп
Ǻϲġ

248 ɱץ

С㿪ʼʱûʲôо, ϾЩСһǲų졣
ǵÿһǰǶˤ֮, ͶˣЩСһҪһġ
СġСۼֿıסһҪˤӵС̣ȻֱӰߣëˡ
Сһ˫ʪ۾, ͷСһ֮, ۾˳ӵɺˡ
Լ˸λ, εİռסСĻ
ž
һ˲ž˲١
С̵߶˫ߣëϣȻǸѾռס˵λãȻС㡣
Ĭ
һĬ
ͻȻ, һƼž
СĿһֻС̣ҡҡλεߵǰ, ȻһͳСӤģ
ſڵϣۿ΢Щͨ, ۾ӯˮ, Ŀ, һ߿һҡͼġ
Сˡ
Сˡ
Աˡ
С, Сһﲻ֪Ϊʲôô, Ǳλεĺ޳ܸˡ
ѩǲԿ, , ǲϵ, , ֪ΪʲôҲޡ
СǸС̸֮֮ǰڻŵС̱ĵĿСӤβ󲻸˵˦˦رĲ⡣
ԡСȻҲע⵽ˣС̵Դ
۾һУͲ˲֣βͷҡΡ
СǣʹһĴˡ
ҲҪ̬ʱ򣬹ԱϽһʱ䲻ˣȥѣ˲ȫ
С㿴˿ʱ䣬ȷʵǲˣٲȥĻҪȫˡ
СӤݸ˹Ա˵´
š
ԱСǰ棬ûעߣͰѻеСӤһϱС̵ģ
ء
СӵţڿСתͷʱβͶҡ˲Ӱ
СվȻûʲôرĶĿ⣬ʮֵᡣ
Сһ£ЦŻָ𣺡´ǡ
СһӾ͸ˡ
ǵõһ㣬ĬĬǰƶ˼ĬĬǰƶ˼ĬĬǰƶ˼һֱСͳ԰
һ˫˫С۾ʧĻȥѵ
Сڳ԰֮ɳͿһӰߡ
Щ졣
СתͷȥͿӵվĵû뵽Ȼ԰ˣкܶС̰ɡ
Ǻܶ࣬ܿɰ
С˵꣬Ϳ˾Ҳˣʶԣæ˵ôˣ
վСΧû˵
һĮ˵еᣬյϵͳ֪ͨô˻ûȥͳˡû뵽Ǻͱһˣʱ䡣
ô˵ţС𣬴Եİȫϵͳȷʵôһģһûڹ涨ʱڻؼңͬ˾ͻܵϢҪѰԼ
ˡС˵
ҲûʲôֻΪһСԣӦ֪ģһ˵ôԶĵطȫ
Ҳ㱧űˣСǺĵģԡ
Ӧû˱˰ɣΪܹ֣̫԰Сˡ
ԺҪˣԸĹؼʱܲѧ
С㿴һȺֱŤǣʱ͸оͷˣͼɻصǸպþġ
㵽ҪȥʲôܴӳպþôƫԶĵط׼˾Լͨķ֮˵
վԭأһĮָС㡣
С㣺
С㱻ץȥʱѩյһϢ
һѡĿˡ
֪ԼڲУͱ˱ûʲôҲ̫ˡ
ȥֱ
ʱʱϻüġ
뵽Ļ⣬ѩ뵽Լѩݡ
ѸٹҩʦҪõĶ
ȿݵ֮󣬾ͰһЩСŵӵĽ䣬Ȼڴ̨߿ʼˡ
ѩĸרģʱš
ҩʦ飬ʱֻҪһǱˣԼֻǰû߳ݾˣһⶼûС
ֱ˿ʼֻһģͶмǧ
ȻʹЩʮڵȺ٣ѩһ㶼ޣܹõҪġ
һ֮ѩοžͷ˵ллҵϲʱ䲻ˣȥ˯ˣϣһػܿǣллҡ
ѩ˵꣬¶һЦ
صֱ
ûģЩۿֱˣѩֱ֮󣬾Ϳʼˡ
#𾪣ԭҩʦѩ#
¥ΪĹϵѰ
챾ҲǺĵһģպȥȻͿһ
Ҷ֪Ϊÿγ֣кı־Ҿ͵ȥˡ
Ǹʱڳѩս裬ⲻҪģҪǣ¥һ۾ͿҩʦʹõĹߡ
ͼ1Ŵͼ1ͼ2Ŵͼ2ͼ3Ŵͼ3
1¥죬ġ
2¥ѩĴԶѾôţһԣҩʦҪ
3¥ҵҵҩʦ𣿹°ҵŮһֱڵŰ
4¥ҩڳԷˣſյϼѰ
5¥ҵ죬ʲôѾȥעˡ
6¥пһʲôҶɵġ
7¥ҲҲ磬ֻǣǸԼû˵ɣ
8¥죬Ҷˣ
9¥Բۣȥֱ
10¥䣬Ͻȥע¥ˡ

111175¥¥û֪ʲôʱֱ
111176¥𾪣ҾȻˡ

ûã˾ӿֱעҵѡ
#ѩҩʦع#
#ǰҩʦֱ#
#ֿޣѩҩʦ»#
꿴Щ̵ۣģͷϢСˡ
СظڵϢ֪ͨԼڸ³֪ͨ
ѩοǱѣĿʱź
ô̷ۻΪԼƹģû뵽ŸոջǱ߾ͱҥˡ
ֱĹעҲһǧȻһֱڵ󵽼ŵġ
ѩ˯ͻȻһֵƵ汻
ţ¾˯ˣҲá
һ㿪ˡ
#ѩƵ#
ûʲô֣Ǻܼ򵥵ļСƵ
һƵѩ˵˻ļؼ¼
ڶƵѩںһԣ̺ô飬ƵֵдˣдǴ󶼲֪ԼǱƭˡ
ƵѩѧУĳɼÿγɼϸĵĸעˣôصģʲôȱϯȡ
ѩԽɫԽףȿѾʧɫ겻ˡ
Ǿһ㣬㿪ԼֱעȻѾòˣûˢһΣݶµ
Щ˲ȡעˣһҪ

249 ʱĿ

ѩһ϶û˯
Ҳ֪˭ôȱ, ǰ鶼ȥ
һ, СźЩ˽
òˡ
Ҫ׼һȥѧУɰòˡ
ЩòȥķۣҲһҹ֮˸⡣
ͬʱСҲѾѧУˡ
ڵһʱ, ͰƵȥ, ֮, ȥ˯ġ
ϴʱ򣬹ȻЩƭȥĹעѾˡ
ȫѵĿγ̡
˹վСı, ˵ѵʱùȥˣѧУҲԡ
˵úޡ
Сûоܾ, Цŵлˡ
ûʲôŵĶ˵ҪǲõĻǿȥҵġ
ҪĻһ˵ġС˵
ʵûõʲôѵ, һ, ֻҪҵ˶Ӧҩ, ϶С
˵ͷûг
СѶʰ֮, ͸ĺȥˡ
ЩѵҲòϵ, һˢԵĻ, ȷʵһĿռԼϲ顣
, ʱﻹвٵ˵ġ
С򿪹㿴һ, Ϳǵԡ
, ϵˣҾȻȥǱ˷ʱˣҪһС顣
ҵֻ뵽ˣûûû뵽˵һλ֮һֱû׵ˣһλɣ
أУ㵽ʲôʱ»ѽҺԼ
бϢˣǿɣҶˣʲôãأҪҴˣСܲ˰
յңյҩסҩʦjiojio۾
໣
¥ϵĴרעϻάAɣڵĴԶǮɵ㿴һǰ
ԲۣоһӿˣȲҪ侲һ£

С㿴Щԣ΢΢һЦһϻظ£׼ˡ
¹Ժ˶ըˣһͿΨһһҩʦظ
lilianwong¥ϵĴרעϻάAɣڵĴԶǮɵ㿴һǰ
ҩʦܺãɹҵע⡣
̵ģСǴѪһţĻµһԴϻ
ظңڰңʲôʱҩ
ҲڰǺú˵òã죬ҩ
ҩʦȻڵ̫ˣ廨ŵģʲôС
ʱСѾˡ
һ죬С㶼ҩʱҩʱ˴ǰάA
һֱѧʱһ߳Уš
·ϣֿǸ׷ԲƵѩߡ
ŹȣվϦµȪ԰ߣͬһһ㡣
ᶨִš
Ҳˡ
طǴʱľӪ
ǱߵǸѩߵڳսϣͶԼˣսԺҪһصطġ
ڽսÿһ궼š
СÿѧУʱ򶼻ῴÿλȥʱҲܿһ˹µվϦµȪ԰ԡ
ڹٷĴʱϢѾһǸʱսʿˡ
ΪСĿ̫רעˡ
ǸѩתͷĿС㡣
ҩʦ𣿡ʵ
ŷ˪սµ˺ۣǵ۾ƺˣǵȵġ
ֻǸպþС΢΢ЦЦ˹ȥ
ɿˣȻܹ׼ȷжϳСλãǸúӡ
С㲻˼ЦЦ
ߵͷתѧУķһ˵ڲһ˰
ǵģʱˡС˵
Ǿͺð߰ͷתС㣬Ц˵ðԺӣȥɡ
ţټС˵
ټСһ
˵ţǴЦݣС뿪ķ
֮󣬰ĳԱ˳ûȥˡ
ţʱı˰Ŀ˿ߣʲôûп᲻ߡ
Ϊ֪ԼҲܹˡ
һ죬ŹȣˣȪɣɣϦɡ
Сؼ֮󣬾Ͱ֮ǰҩǮֱˡ
ҲûʲôһȫǼʳģպԼĵ̣ʲôĶʡˡ
ҩƷһСʳֶֻҪ䷽ԭϣȫԻģһѹûС
ССʳкΡۡͷЩȻˣҪĻʳ
ӱȽ϶࣬Ծ͵ȡģʮַ㡣
֬͵̴ͣʺȴܸߣкܸߵӪֵ˴˵ܼʳζ
ãŪһڼʱ򣬺ܹܿһ̡
Ϊ˿㴦ãС㰾һҹû˯ֱӾʹˣǷҪôϣֻС΢ǿ֢Ҫʱ䣬ûþͻһֱš
ûãСͶŪˡ
ҪǮλˣĵطдֱ񣬷ǳ򵥣Ƿ
ôҲֵõģʱСյһԼָӳСʳ
ÿ˳ζܺá
ûԥģϾͰѵ̺͹ˣвƷĻߵϢǶԵȵġ
һ֮СͰϷˣźý顣
һ͵ˣյ֪ͨǱȽġ
ĿЩʳͼƬ֮󣬻һɲǵ±ơ
ôСʳҿȥܺóԡ
һ˲ĻɣԼҩʦϰ໹ʳƷ̵ϰࡣ
ˣ껹ǵһʱͰѹȥˣҾҵҵĹš
ֵľһ󲨵Ⱥڴסˡ
յ֪֮ͨ󣬵һʱǲ˻ɡ
ûйעʳĵ̡
ûйעôʳ
⡢ҵϤע
ݣⲻҩʦ
̱ϵЩڿ͸
Ų֪ʲô飬յźǻǵһʱС
һˡ
ҳȫǸζʳĽܡ
·ǹעģľǸͨʳ̡
ǣѯʿͷˡ
ûеʣһ룬̾͹ҳ֪ͨʳ
Ⱥǣ
ݵĳĬ֮󣬱ԡ
ԲۣҪĵ֮ǰΪеĻظţŴǻĵ̣鵰žͱˣǻ˿˰ɣ
ⲻҩҲҩԵģǳԵģ
⡢⡭ʵǲ˵ˣҩʦҩ
ΪAAAAAAAAAAôʳģһ±ȥˡ
¸¸£ˣҲŹģҩʦ𣿡
찡Ҫ

ѵûµ𣿺ܺó԰
Ҳһ˲䣬Ȼԣ
ԡ
ԡ
ԡ
Ҳ˵һ䣬ĺܺó԰



ˣ¥ϱ˵ˣҲ굥ǲˣûˡ
ͦóԵģԼ˳ˡ

250 Ͻ

, ҧгݵḶ́ҲǸտݵʱ䡣
һ죬йעС̵, һ¡
Ǿҩʦ·Ұˡ
һµģֱսǵСˡ
ĺóԡ
û£صǼˡ
#Ұҩʦʳ#
#޿, Ҫҩʳĺó#
#ɪɪ, ҵǧǧڣ̫#
ͬʱ, һѩź, ʿݹʳ
΢ЦţƷһ, ðϴμǸС𣿡
ǵģվԱߵѩսʿ˵
ǲ, ϧԺ󿴲ˡ
˵, ǰԼԼĳ˻þ
Ǹʱս, µıһ, һֱֵս
ԭΪҴߵġ
۽ǻˮ
Ҳ, Ѿһ, ѩ廹Լҩʦ, , ǸɰС̡
Уƺ˹Щˣʳ֣ˣɫǴûйɡ
վڲǰѩսʿһ㶣ֹȥ飬ֻûߣˡ
⣬СߴߴķɹǸȪ԰ǰվĵطѰСӡ
Сʱ֮ѩϽȥϢ
СʱСյһ
Ŀǰѩսʿ˵⡭
ǽǰģﻹЩļǩһ¡Ӣͦεѩսʿ˵
áС˵
ȫûֻһߣȻݵ⣬Ųˡ
һܹصġ
ʱҩȻǱ¢˵ģҪӷ£ոӶ֪ʶҪͶҩʦЭġ
С㲻뱻ƣԸûȥעᡣ
ҲζţûкϷҩʦݡ
û뵽Ȼ˸ˡ
СǩļѯһЩ飬ڶԷõ϶֮˵Ǯѩ԰ϡ
ѩսʿĿ
ǲСһǮԼϵĻǺεȵ
Ȼȫȥˡ
Ϊʲô
Ҫ߲ʵ԰ҪǵͨӪãûżܳԵζӪСʳú򹤣ȥ˯ССͣҪ¶ĵֿδꡣ
С˵⻰ʱ򣬻뵽ģǱ߲˵жãֻ˵иطסˡ
ҪıĻҲףһжǼ׷ְ˵㡣
Ǯѩսʿ˵
ǵģһ׬ǮġСһЦȻԼ
ѩսʿ⻰Ĭˡ
עС̣˵ûпˡ

251 㳦

ڽ˲Ʋ֮, ѩսʿˡ
СܿͰѵõĲƲȫͶ뵽ѩ԰ˡ
ѩڳʧ֮ȥ˺С
ɳϣѩ˵֮ǰ, Ҳһߡ
ʱźƻе·һģӳڲ, ĪģѩرаȫС
ԭֻ˿ߵ, 񿴵ΪԼʱ־, һƺûô
ѩοź, һĨᶨһŬ, ȻңǶǸС˸ɵģǲġ
Ȼ֪˭ôȱ, Ǵ򲻵, еҲûϵ, һõġ
ϵЩ, ҪʼĿ˻ӵġ
ѩ΢΢üͷ˵εĿ, ҿǿ, ʱ, Ҳ֪ôźá
Ĵһ, רĵȥԣǰæֻһˡ
СģҲ֪ôˣͻȻһ
ȻǰȷʵչǲԸ
ңǵôУôЩ׵뷨أ
µô࣬Ըѵģֻһ԰
ѩ۵΢΢죬ţ˵ˣôԺҲҪˡ
ԸҲѹˣ˶档
ûµģʱȥ취йе˵
ҡûõġѩοźУҧ´ܲӡ
ʵҲǹϵеģǿСһֱϵǲϵˣ͹ˡ
⣬ûµġпҲЩա
չգǱĲȥˡ
ʱɳͣˣƹ£ѩελá
ʹģȥ
ѩһҪƿֻǶ̫ˣ˵ҪƿǸܻӭһ㡣
һֱĿ֡
СǮֱȥģʳǡ
֮Ŀʱ䣬Сʹ԰ˡ
ܹԱľٶ޳ɣҲû˵ʲôڼ˶֮󣬾ͷȥˡ
СϳڴҸǴóԵˡ
ء
ء
໡
һֵĽڴ˳
һֻֻС̵ײײĴ˳ڼСһ̣۾ˡ
شʳΪС̶ƵģЩŴóԣǳʺϱĥʱ⡣
ÿ˶СС㴽ǻȶЩᣬСǣĿ͡
ܵСߵС̣Ľű߲˲䣬Ȼ͵ֱӣͷ·±һ㣬Ŭֱֳɿѩսʿģ
ССԴ˵㡣
еһ㳦нҺġ
ѩСɻĿС㣬κòССҧһڡ
һҧֻǶסˡ
ûгԹζ
㡣
ܺóԵġ
رǻЩ֪룬롭
ٳԺüڣ
ȵȣոС˵Ǹġ
Ǿ˵һ
С̵۾˲ɴˣ˼ĿС㣬βͶԾ˦ˡ
ó𣿡СЦһᡣ
أ
ϲͺãҲϲġС˵
㳦С̣ſС˵ÿ˶С
ӣС̶ûʲôԥˣһģȫźöӣԼ㳦
СǴֿζ㳦ģһǴģһģÿС̶ֵܷ
԰еѩ԰С
ֻСͽңԴˡ
СŶ顣
һģȥӣʵϣ̲ס͵С񣬻ǳǰͦصı׼ˡ
Сʳһķȥ
õСʳСǣԾĵһ߳Լһݡ
Ǻܹɣû̻ʵİѶȫ꣬ʶģһСʳţŵ˴
СڷСʳ֮󣬾һ߿ǳԶ
ΪûиĸֻΪ죬СûгֹκιߵΪôɹء
ֻںٵʱ򣬲Ż¶ǵԡ
áԱ˵
С΢΢ЦЦʣµһСʳ˹ȥ˵һ
Ա¿ʳҧһڡ
ó𣿡Сʵ
š
ԣ԰С̣ϧܵĳ⳦СβʱʱľͿֵҡһ¡
ڲûսҲûеҪȥսʱ򡣡С㿴ŹԱ˵ʱʲôڱ䡭
ԱС㣬㶣ֱ֮лǾ仰
ʱѾȥˣСǣӦҪпֵ
΢΢˿ɬЦ
ǰСǿֵӣԺܵı
˵öԡ

252 Ϸ

ǵʱİţС΢ȥϲ鿴һ¹˿͵ķ
ϵ, һԳеСʳ
ǸǼʳ, ֱ, ܶ˳ֱ˵
ͬһʱ, طкЩ˶ڿ˵顣
ˣһ󲨵˳Щ, ˵עţÿлϼܣ˸ˡ
Ϊ˸лЩ, СҲûôֱȡһСʳȡ齱Ƹȥˡ
ںޱĿűݹʳ
ſţɫͱ
ô죬һֱϵԼĸ, ûʲôãڶڼ, ͳȥ
ĵǣ֪ǸŮֽ, ȴûа취
Ҫǵʱһɱ˾ͺ, 
ںз޾ĺ⡣
ˡ
ԭǼƻǱӼ֮, һݻصڼ, ̳ڼвƲġ
㸸׿ʼ᲻, Ѿһˣʣһô죬ϧˣһжΪһʱˡ
ںʱ޼ˣԼûɱ谭ڼҵǸŮˣҲ޵Ǹһ崿ȴС̡
Ҫ⣬Ͳöġ
µǣ֪Լܲܳȥ
ڿҵķ֮Сȥҩˣûˣ˻ϵ̫ˡ
֮ǰŪѩרѵҵģڣҲû׬㹻Ǯ
ҩʦעϺǿ԰ŵˡ
ЩҩصҪϣڿˡ
õĻάAҲһˡ
֮ǰǴСģģˣֻҪǮλеռܴ롣
Сһźļƻһ߰ҩƷŵ˻
ʱˡ
С㿴˿ԣʦͬѧǹˡ
˵㣬žͿˡ
𣿡Сʵ
Ȼû뵽ôʵģԥһ˵ûС
ãҲˣҪһϷ𣿡С˵ţϾѾó˼Ϸۡ
ÿ˵ݹȥһУߵݱ˵ϲһԶˣãҹ
ǹôûȥģ·ϸպôСһû뵽յȳˡ
뵽֮ǰԵʳûоܾ۾Щڴ
Ȼڴʳζɢ֮󣬾Щ΢ˡ
һŶ飬СķҲԼϷϡ
һӺ˵Ϸ۶ܳˡ
Сȴͷģ˵֮ǰ˵㣬ΪζȽرԻûзŵϡ
ϷС˺ܾõĲϣģʡᡢˬ̵Ķطζ
ˬڵ׷ۣζС㻹񡢻ը񡢻ƻˡܲɡ˵ȣŨȺʵζĶϣͣ
Сһڣ۾˵óԡ
˿С㣬ֿ˿ͨͨƯϵһͣ΢ԥ룬͵ˣ͵˿
һ룬ı΢
ŵĿϷۡ
ƺûʲôرģЩģܺóԡ
ɫģϷ۵Ŀͣ롣
ɻȳһ׷ۡ
ʱ׷Ѿ͸ˣȥЩΡ
ֻһڣͱˣСҲࡣ
İƵصķζǴԵ˲ͼǵ
ѩսʿſڴ⣬βͷҡš
֪ʲôζ
Ӧúܺó԰ɣ
ҲҪһڡ
ҹɫˣȷСû֮󣬾ͻȥˡ
СŹ֮󣬾ʹСȥˡ
ǸܰҹżҲԶ˵壬Ҳȫ
һ͵ķ紵Աߵ̻СǰţǳĬӰӡ
С˵οҲ׼ˡ
Щ죬㲻ȥġ
ȥС㿴յ˵
֪СģĬţ˼ǲһ˵ԹȥĻ˵ġ
ţȻǲ񣬵Ҳɵġ˾˵
Сº͵ЦЦ֪ģԲᵽܣȥǱ߿ͻġ
⵹ҪȥֻһҩʦݱϾûйȥ̫ˡ
Ҳǿǵ֮صҩݵģȻЩҩݲҩ÷㣬Ļкܶ಻ġ
СҪǴң֪طġ
س֮һҩݣһ˲ٵˡ
ҩݱи˵ġ
б£ǰΣնѩͬͬѧˣͷǸᣬű

253 Ӧ

СһҪȥӣӳĬˡ
һ¾, ҹ¹Űɭɭ, С·, Ц˵û, ҿԼչ˺Լġ
ȫûбο˼ǲʲôҪ
ȻǰСԣѾܾûЩˡ
ðװ۵Ĵ, һ㶼ҪȥΣյĵط
ǹȥе顣С΢Ц
Ӧһ˲飬˵, С˵İɣһģԵĲϸ񡣡

⻰ӵĲ˰
СЦʵ֪ЩСô, 黹Ҫġ
Ѿ, ʱһҪõǸҩݣȻСҩ, ܡ
, кܶ, СΪԵԶ˵Ļ档
ΪԭҪ, ɼ, سͷˡ
˾ǰΪԭϲһֻ޸ҧȣһεĸȾҪ
һζϺУֱ۱ҧˣƼʱҪɶˡ
С̣Уٶ˵ģ
С㲻ϣپЩˣÿһС̣ƽĻ꣬Ҫپˡ
¹£һ˵һš
СԼļƻģ˴ʲôҪע𣿡
ҩԼϣ߻ת㣬ʱ㲻ܣҪǡ
ʶĻشţѾˣصĳɼҪûйϵһҪСԴǱ߰ȫĸ
֪ˣһо׼ġС˵
ûȥǱ߲֪
֪ǱкܶԴкÿĶҪǶҵľͺˡС˵
Ŀһ¿ԣһ༶һĻҪ׬Ǯþá
С⻰ûʲôоĲɵ˵ûϵкܶҪĶ׬Ǯˡ
һ˵һš
ѩǣѾüͷǱ߼ˡ
ǵó༶ڵ׬ǮҪ׬þúþúþãţһӲԲһɡ
ǱߣС㻹˵ԼҪ
Сરવģ˵ĵһһģҪѩļԺãǲסôĵӡ
С㵽֮װģĸ̾ʱҰе㵣أǷģһߵġ
˵š
СЦֲһ㣬˵Ǿˡ
¹£ǣܾãƺʲôԡ
ǿС㣬Цɲá

254 AԼս

˼֮, СҲûš
µԼŪ, ϾʱĲࡣ
һصĿ, ҩʦ, ҲûʲôܹͷɹƭĲȥˡ
, СһҪȥġ
˵֮󣬾Ϳʼͼоˡ
ǱҲܿͰصϷ͵СĹˣص㶼ѾǺˡ
ܿó, ЩСǷֱռģȻٶȲôġ
ȻЦ, ЦԴֳ硣
˹ĵĸоʵͦõġ
ڶʱǹȻԼ׼ʱˡ
С˶, ͳȥˡ
ҪȥĿ˵صǱдԲŶҪȥġ
ʦ̴ܹԲ, ȴ̴ʲô, ǹȥһ磬ҲԣѧУĻǲġ
ɴɵʱ, Сյں֪ͨ
û⣬ɱ˳д, Ϊԭǰ׼, ͲӼ
û, ǰ׼£Ҳ֪ͨġ
ʱںͱϴ̳ˣСΪľǷֱֹӾϢʧȥӵŮˡ
ڿ˹ȻûбԸӸŪסֱӾͰˡ
СڿϢ֮󣬾͹صϢˡ
Ͼ˷ɴ֮󣬻кܶ顣
ںʧȥͬһʱ䣬ѩ˶סˡ
ԵĿŴ⣬ձƷ
֪Ϊʲôһ˲䣬ˣͺʧȥʲôҪĶһ㡣
ѩ˺һŸԼһˮѹѹ
ˮǺˣܵĸоһ㶼û١
֪ô£ǸоܺܣʲôҪĶʧȥˣҲزˡ
ɴܿͿ
ԼСʱǾ͵ĵطˡ
·ɴаŵģһ༶һ༶£Сİ༶м䣬Եǰߵ֮󣬲ȥ
һ·ɴɫһߡ
īӰһϣӸµĿB༶ѧԱһֱ۸ǰ༶Ĵ𣿡
ɫˣ˵û۸Ҫʲôս̨ϼͺˡ
īĿСˡ
ͻȻһɫ͵Ϯץסߵߴ磬ϰţƵļ˵ŸղŵĻǾע㰲ȫǵĴԣɲǿ۸ġ
£߱Ƭ˸űĹ⡣

255 

Ҳûп, ˵㡣
īЦſBѧԱ, ʱ, AҲվ˸ϡ
湻˵, ֱ, ˼
Ŀͬᣬվ󣬻ɢϢ
ѩοôͬѧΪͷ, Ҳǿ⼫ˣīƽʱر, ǣڽķ, ԭˡ
ʱīѾˣͬѧϵĵصȥ, ѩæ첽ϡ
֪, ԼҪǲһĻͻᱻµġ
ǰһֱϲ˵ԭīʵ̫ˣǴ, Ҳûеõٵչˡ
û۴Ƶķֱһеʱ, , üͷ, еӡ
ѩο첽ȥ֪Ϊʲô֪̫Σˣңʲôӡ
С㿴ԶѩθϵıӰʱЩЦˡ
òҲ֪ˣž͵һһס
Լûʲô⣬еǸһͷ׼˰ϵˡ
Ҫ֪ѧУǸʵġ
A༶B༶ǰ棬Ҳ˵ǿԵB༶˵ġ
B༶ͷԴA༶ˣA༶ͷǵĻҲǲеġ
£ǻôᶨάԼ˵ǲжǲܵġ
С㰵¶ģһҪҩݴȥȻҩǵʵ
Щ֮ͿʼŸԵˡ
𿼺˵飬ǰСŵװˣʳסеȫȫר˵ѩ帺
С˵Ҫȥططط
Щ·߶ǰź˵ģһ·ϣҪĸҩݡ
˵ҿ
Щطͦġ˾ͷ۵ͼ
Ĭ˵Ҫɱǡ
ĻƽΧǱǳϿɣȻʱҲΪǿˡ
СĲС˵Ĳޡ
æ˵ЩҪҪЩҩģȥ˵
ԭɱǣŵͼϵλãʱɢɱЩ飬ǵȰСҪĶҵ˵ɡ
ǺܿͰӹˣԼ·ȥˡ
С˷ûɵġ
ҲνԼҩ˳˵Ƕš
ѩǱյģҪƴǣС˵Ҳҵġ
ĬĬģͰҩˡ

256 

紵, ɳɳ
A༶ѩ, ܿҵСǵټ
ڽ, ¾ͻȥ˽й
ǡ
ŵߡ
ͿBǸĺС, Ȼڸǰѩ巢ҩƷ
һĻסˡ
ͼЩ, ֻǿ£ǵľٶ, ֹŹֵģ˵ĸо
ͬݵϵһůů, ǹ˵ͨӪҺһ㣬, ִ̼ζ
Ŀ, Bࡣ
֪Ϊʲô, α֮ǰʱˡ
Ǿʹ߹ȥ, Ӧúܿͻᵽˡ
С㿪ĵ˵, Ȼ˳ԱߵС
Ǿ͹ȥɡ˵
ʱ, ѾЩ仯ˡ
ǰѩ, ݵѩǡ
Ҫߵʱֻѩһ, Ĭسһ˹ȥ
A˲֪Լ¶ˣҲ˳, վ˰ȫĵط
ܿ, ѩȥˡ
ûһ
A˾ͱ廨ˡ
ڵ, һ˫۾Сǡ
ץס˵˵ѩǰצ£תͷ˼ҪҪ£
A˵ǵ
A꣬˦˦βͣûп
һԼˣΪԷ̫ˣûа취ͷˡ
ֱʾǰͬ顣
꣬ȥһȭߡ
ȫΧ۵С㣬ĬĬ뿪۾
˶ǵԼͷˣܲʲô¶ɣͷ˻ȥ¡
AѩҲӲ
ô򣬾˲͡
˾Ҫ˵ʱΧڳĺӰ
һֻֻѩǳ
īȺ˳ĿBѩǡ
һӾͽ
ûãԱһֻɱܵСǡ
һֻСԡ
ĴһۣŵرΡ
㣬һҪ˵֮ǰô˶۸أ
ѩγؿС㣬һ۸˵ӡ
СֱӾһ˹ȥȻȥѩεϾͿˡ
ſңӣ
˵˵ܺǲǣûôǲǣھ֪һն񡣡
Сһ˵һߴţǱ뺷̬ԿȫûУˡ
Aѩǣ
һսBѩǣ
ѩֱӱԭΣŹȥ
ûͼ
ҲˣǴ򲻵
ԱߵһȺǣֱеѩæ
AǱβ֪Ŀī
ī˵ˣĹǣĪˡ
ѩˣȫû뵽
Լֻǹһ£Ȼͱӡ
ۿСֲģˡ
ѩæ໽ġ
һǣС㲢ûô򵥵ľͷŹˡ
˵öԼ
ѩβŵؿС㣬ȫû뵽ȻĴԡ
ѵǲ׼𣿡С㰵в
ء
ѩҡͷԼˡ
СŷſҡڵԱߡ
ֱ˹ԣȻʼתˡ
ȫĿһĻԣ΢AѩǣȫûȻķչ
AǼĬˡ
BǻЩģǼģֱӾͶСĸ
СǮ֮Ž
ΣȫǿŷģͲѩºһȥ
ѩڱСſ֮󣬼ɪɪ
ǵӴСƽд׺ݵĿ⣬̲סոհĶ򣬾Ͳ˵ʲôˡ
뵽ǰС㣬ľãԾǸƭ˵ħ
Сһ֮Żص˰༶ŰϵС΢Ӳ飬¶һ΢΢ɬЦ
´δ˵ʱһܿŵ㡣
òæģҪǸһʱʱҲ磬еˡ
߰ɡСӻ˵
Ŀ۶棬ûж֮Ŵˣˡ
ѩεСߵò֮󣬲ŰֱԹĿīôܿأ۰
īĿ˵ԼҪȥġ
ѩεһӲ˵Լ
Ϊһԣû뵽дԿʱ򣬲뵽뵽˸ղСĺݾʱ;ãĶۡ
ξˣ߰ɣҪˡҪ˵´μǵ飬īȻǲģ֪ʶȤû˵ˡ
һˣ㰴ԭļƻߡ
īվڸߴСǵıӰû˵ˡ

257 

СòײŰЩǸ, ȻǲǸڶġ
οĺѩǸŮ˵ģһٶĹ˷ʱ䡣
ʵ, ǿԵġ˵
û, ˡСʵʵ˵
ѩǸŮ, ûʲôġ
˵˼仰֮, ͹Сȫǰˡ
⵹С飬Ŀǰ, ѩԱûñ, ֻϺȡ
ٶȺܿ죬Ұеľ󶼿˷羰
С㰲Ĵš
ʱǾ͵˵һĿĵ, ·ϻʱ䳤, һ·ϵ鷳ʵ̫ˡ
˵ط֮, ǺܿҵСҪҩġ
ֻ, ҩĸ, һŵġ
޵ʵǿ, ǴСҪҩǱ, ЩͶ
Сûйȥѡһ̫ᱻĵطվá
һʱȥ޵עˡ
ĿǰȥǸոպõ, ׼, ׼ҩĸȡˡ
С㿴޳ȥ, ǼצڿҪһɲǣ㿪ˡ
ޣֱӾһȭȥˡ
໡
ҵĽ˲
ҲʱѸٶˡ
ǵķֹȷзֹ޻ȥģѸȥȡҩġ
ҵٶȺܿ죬ûһͰҩĸȡˡ
ҩ֮ҲûˣֱӾǰޡ
ˡ˵
еѪѪƷϣԵж˵ײеĸо
С΢΢ЦЦ˵ЩҪ𣿡
޳˸ƻûʲôõġüͷһۣ˵
ΪСĲģ˵ϵĲûʲôãҪƤëƯģҪҲûʲôû취á
ǵѪҲܳԣóԲ˵˻ױʺϰɱģͱ˲Ըʱ򣬿ҩ
ҲܺðС˵
ҪҪҩֱͨ򵥷㻹ˡ
ӣСû˵ˡ
µ޻еġ
ɡ˾˵
ֱӹȥǴޣȥо
СЦЦ
һѸٵĸȥ˵ڶص㡣
ʱѾˣʱʱľܹը
һΣǺܾյĴӴܵ·Ҫܵù죬ʱ;ˡ
Ƿɿּ·š
֮ǰǿҪطˡ
УóͨӪҺ
ҲŶеڲеŪҹĵطе׼ˮ
˶ǷǳмɵӣҹҲˡ
ֱ
Сó˸ζСʳʳҹƮǵıӼ⡣
һ̣˶ʶĿԴ
СЦЦ˵ԣǻԿǡ
ӳУС鿴òôɢϢ뵽ˣܾǰпᡣ
ľҶ׷ףݲݷϤϤϡ
һӹСеʳ˵Ӧúܺóԡ
ѩϢһ̶ɢ˲٣мɵ˸ԵλϣһĴСʳ
жûˣ
Ǵδġ
̿С㣬ɵ뵽ӣԴǴλ֮ͱˡ
ĸоǡ
ϲ
û˻˵ǴҾĬ֪
˾ҧһ⼦ζǷǳĺóˣôһ˲䣬Լеˡ
оⲻڲμһпĿ飬ǡ
Σ
㶵עеʳȻ͵ҡͷԺǸֵ뷨˦ˡ
ҹ簲Ĵ˸һ¡
ȫԱΧţһжôȻֱܰҹˣȥ˯
̫ʱѩѾȫˡ
ǰʰŶûзһ
ȫʰ֮һߣС㡣
ѩ䵭ЩӵദʶĻһЩǰԼ顣
ϡ
뵽ǿµʳǸɾЦݡ
ͻȻ;ãҪһֱҲǲġ
ûãСҲˡ
һ̣ѩ궼˹ȥ
Ǻ簡С㶣΢΢Ц´к
á˵
ݸСһƿӪҺԼˮ
Сڴ֮ѸٵĨȥ˺ۼţһ˾·ˡ
ߵ·ܲߣһ·ǶȻˣ·Ҳûջġ
СٵĿһЩҩģΪ˲˷ѣ˳־͸ɼˡ
һ·࣬ߵ˵ڶصʱԶԶģͼһҲ߹ˡ
ǵǾսĺۼӲûˣ෴С㿴óǻӮˣΪϵʶˡ
С㿴ǹЦͦɵġ
ѩڿСһ̣ԵĶ˶٣΢΢ɫ㣡
һأѧˣûóȻȥӡ
ʱ䣬ǹòģڱǱ˲ٵʣû뵽ŵûãֿ쵰ˡ
СһĵòȻʱˣгʹ޵ʲô
ûʲôⲻˣк𣿡СЦһ˵طġ
ôǿˡѩβ㱻ƽȥˣߵˣֵˡ
˵öԡС˵
֪ͺã
AB༶Ĳ࣬ɲôһġ
ѩʱѾ󵽣С㱻ץʱ龰ˣЩ˱֮һҪÿ
ô룬ܿģѩξΪԼжԱˡ
ȫû뵽СȻô޳ܣˣȻ򶼲򣬻ٵ˵ϵǸ֮󣬾ˡ
ǣ֮ǰֹһӺƻ嶪˻ס
ǣ̫޳ˡ
ۿˣֻԼȸԼҸȫĵطš
ԽǿţоԽޱơ
뵽ոСߵʱֱñӶҪˡ
BĴԣ̫޳ˣûô޳ܵģѩοսĵĺţǡ
ĲǸɵģBѩЩ쵰ǣ
ޣɵأǿǣ
īһ࣬΢΢üͷǸɴĳŶԷץȥһצӡ
ѩǻŹɱ硣
ܵԶСվּ䣬򶷵
֮ǰҳһīAѩ͸ѧУĺƻǽвɿ
ĬĬվԣݡ
ǰ򵽺ƻӳԴϵǸȥģҪǶԷӦ죬Ҳܵըһ
ҲΪˣƻڲŷһĸAѩ塣
ߣһСЦе˵
šӦš
ѩվ˵ǵļͦΣıʾ֧֡
ʱһѾ¿ʼ·ˡ

258 õ

εĿ˵ǲֹһѧУ, ʲôҲС
һ·С㶼ܿˣʡ÷ʲôѸ顣
Ͼз¼ǺѸĺõģ󲿷ݻظ, һαһκݶ
ϣСֶܵ˺, ܴùҲͦ˷ʱġ
ΪطȽԶ, ·ϻ˵ʱ䡣
СĿĺȷ, ʲôܣֱǱ߹ȥ, ǻǸǰ浽˵طġ
ط, ҲΣվˡ
һ·ϣǶߵúСĽ
ҩʵСҲ·
ǰ, ҿˣкܶ֫Ǳߡ˵
ţҪСˡ˾ĿĴһȺ֫ϻ侲ķš
С濴˿, ȫǰɫ֩, ǰɫɫĹâ
Ȼжġ
֫볤Ű˸ɫ۾ϵëӲ
СϿЩ֫, ǵĸʵͺǿ, ܡжԡжݡͶ
, ŵ֫, ѴεģƬ˿ĤϳɣƬԵΪ˿ϡ
еС֫Ѿˣĸ븹ı棬ȥģЩˡ
֮⣬С㻹ע⵽ˣЩ֫ǳ裬ʶ
鷳𣿡Сʵ
Уǵ̲ҵͷͺðˡȻġ
ǴʱҲѾ׼Ϊ˲ΣС㣬ǰСһȫĵط֮Ŷ
СڵλǸߴѩĴ³壬ʱЩˡ
мţʱҩݱֵʱ򣬿սģ֫ϻ˲ٵĿ
ǸʱA༶ѧΪԸЩ֫룬űиռ˱˵ġ
սúܿ죬ʲôܣʹżһ˵һ֫սš
ǻţֵΧ֫Ĺ
ֳǿٵҩĵĵط䲻˾ܡ
ܿ죬оʹ֫ŭĺ
ȴ쳣Ĵ̶
֫Ǳŭˡ
Ǽӿ˹е㲻Ҫˣһ˼ɶûУС㵣ļˡ
һ㶼սڿŶ·֮Ҳʼߴˡ
ҩĵĶѳȥ֮ҲȾܡ
֫ںƴ׷š
ڳ׿ǵʱ򣬻³˺ܶĶҺʴΧľ
С㿴ѩƽ֮󣬶ʱһ
ʱ֮ǰܻҩĵݸС㣬˵
šСü䡣
ǲ֪ģֻΪһҪЩСǾͶԼĿˣˡ
Сҩģа¶ģȥͰҩСһǱȼ
ûãѩǾͶܻˡ
Щ˻ˣǻصڵĵһʱʶĿС㣬ڼߵһߣʼԼ˿ڡ
ǿСʱУͿԼ˿ʱ޶ԣûһɣᣬͬһ㴦Լ˿ڡ
ͬһʱ䣬ѩεӿһ־޴ĸӵʧо
ΪʲôԼĸо
ĶŸոմӮһִӱõ˰
ǰ༶ķѾ˵һǸĻ쵰ԣǸ༶Ÿոռء
һжܺðֵĸо޷ɢͷ·ʧȥʲôҪĶһ㡣
ѩһʱ䣬鸴ֱӰϵˤ˵ϣƢ
ѩβԶطĺУսͻȻһ£ӿһֵʧС
ûãܿͻع񣬺Ͷһɱֻޡ
ս֮Ż˸ոյָо
ôˣոմʱ򣬶Ĳɵģһƻʵ
û£ͻȻģǸоӦõõʲô͡ͻȻûˡҲ˵ոյָо
ƻЦЦ˵˰ɣطܵõʲôкöǼʵҲġ
⻰һҲǡ
βμӿ˵ŶȥˣѧУAЩˣ͸˵ͬʱеˡ
뵽뵽A༶ѩΣ֪ôˡ
Щһ̫ǿˣǰ漸һֱһ˵
ɲǣǲˣôãô֡ҲãһֱϺõġ
û£ʱ仹УңʵڲоͺڳԺȥ
ߣؿأôһĹ򣬾̭һ飬֪ˣ˳ȥˡһ̷ƻ˵
е˵ͷŶ鳯űǰˡ
ԶһƬڰȥƺҪˡ
ǵһ㣬Сǲûѡǰ
ڸ鶼ˣʣµľǿˣΪ˲ǣʱС㶼ɽȥˡ
ʲôʱˣʲôʱȥ
ҹʱչȻꡣ
ˮܴ󣬻һҹǳ֡
СŹ򵥵Ĵҩģ⼸죬ջǲģ޿оЩҩҲ֮ǰûпġ
Ѿˣ֮ҪЩҩľͼ򵥶ˣȥϵĵңʵҲĻԷֻҪǮλˣûʲôеġ
ڴһС֮Сȥ˯ˡ
ʱѩѾʳƷˣԿóǰϵĶֻͳȥˡ
Сһϴ֮󣬾ɽԼˡ
ֻҪܳȥ߻ǺܰȫģͱСֽţһ˻޸ͷֲ˵ġ
ڶԴԷ棬ѧУзԶĽģֻҪԸгޣڹһ˵ͻǿƿ
ʱС㶼Լ飬СģżҲ˻
˵Ǻõġ
СҩŪ֮󣬳ȥҲˡ
һûгҩĵĸţAѩ߻֣˵ǺˣڵB༶Ҳеȡ
̤ϻȥķɴʱСֿѩΣʱѾȫ뿴СˣA༶˻ȥˡ
Сû⣬ˣ˾һȣֻһ۾ջĿ⡣
С㲻ѩΣֱ˱ӣµĲࡣ
ûãȫԱˡ
Ǵ˿ڵģЩͦصģһȸλϵᣬҲ֪Щ춼ʲô˻˵ġ
СصԼ֮ĹԾյһ档
һۣ˼ǣһսĿѾѡˣб꣬Ķȥ
սĿС֪֪Ⱥܸߣȫ¡
ǵΪȤ
ǣĿѩʽȦĿʼõĻһѣҶ벻ַʽġ
ûģǸС۾֪˭
ûȤѩκԼģûȤʲôȶԷ۷ȥϷ̫ˡ
ܳѩСʱͲŵȶԷǿʧ䡣
Ϣ֮Сȥ׼ˡ

259 

ҩ֮ǰģٴóʱ, 鷳
Ҫ, Сѡġ
һ, ûЩ۵ҩ, ѡרŶӦԼ˵ġ
Ϊ΢ǿ֢, С㵽ط֮, Ϳʼˡ
ҩĹϤԲرעʲôϵͳҲѾ, ϴѼ, Ȼ顣
ϸµ飬, ʱһֱҹ
һݵҩˡ
СİѶ, Ȼڶݵҩ
ҹɫһһĸ, ڵĵƹһֱ硣
ڼСһζû߿, Ϊһʧҩȫˡ
ο, һҩĸͲҡ
, ֹСʱ, ҩںˡ
ݵҩСصıչ񣬷˽ȥ
ѵһݵҩ˳, תӵȥ
ƹѷյú, Сһ·ߵϢҡ
ݵҩΪԼ׼, ΪǸıòеʡ
ϲԼ, ͺ뿪˭ͻʱһֻҪһ뵽ԼС޷̡
˵ط֮Сʹƿӡ
ⵤҩǳİԵʹùִ̼ģСժеĹԣҵ˼ⷶΧȻͷһˡ
һ׼֮СͰеҩȥˡ
ʼʱ򣬻ûʲôоûãϾͳϸϸܵʹʹֹһ֮󣬾ͱ˾޴ʹС
С۾Ŭţָȴǲس鴤š
ҧҧ׼õ޸ȫ
޸ڽӴʱֱӾͿʼˣ޸Сƹģֻ޸Щ˺ۡ
ӵؿƤϵı仯ϵѾ޸ˣȴʹ
ͺѿһ
СûлţָԼҩ滺
ҩʵ̫Ե̫̼ˡ
С̾һһֱţֱûκθо֮Ҫվ
ûһˡ
С㲻˯ȥڵ˺óһʱ󣬲
Զֽ֮Լ˺üҩ
滺򶨵ģƣ͵ģС޸ġ
ȫָ֮С㾪ϲķ֣ı仯ܴ
·ˣƽⷽҲøӵĺá
޷ƵϲСֱӾЦ˳˹ԣڴ֮󣬾û˽һصǽˡ
ʱѾҪˡ
һɵĹߴƶ䣬硣
С㿴ŴľɫԼ糿žķ磬һ֮󣬾͸СǷϢˡ
ڶݵҩΪСģޱΣԼ˵ݣ˵ûоǲܵġ
磬ΣأʵΪϣСǿԺúõĻţһ١
ʱСͿʼ緹ˡ
֮ǰԼʳģʱóá
Ѽ㼦ë˰֮Сȥ˺涹һСĴ档
ϲȥѧСԵúС
ˣ֮󣬾ȥúõĲһ¡
Сżҧڣˡ
ùԿ¼ء
վſڵǣǵͷϻһЩ峿ˮȻһյϢ͹ˡ
С㿪˿ŵİûãǾͽˡ
㡣
һĿĴһûп쳣֮Ű
û£ŪǱҩǿԡС˵
¼߹ȥƿӸ˳
СĻٿҩȻûʲô飬ȴ𾪵ġ
ҩʦ֮ѵãΪȼ̫ˡ
ЩһӾǸѧͽҵ˵ģЩ˺òױҵˣҲֻóܵҩ֡
Ǳҩһġ
һ˲䣬ѩǵĿ⸴ˡ
ôˣСʵ
У̫ˡܾˡ
˾ĿƿƿС˵ҪǷ
ȫˡ
СЦЦ˵ǸʱǶûЩʲôԶˣ²Ƕ̭׼ɣ
ЩֻҪвϣóģǣҪǵʵȥʲô飬ҲҰ
˵꣬û˵ˣЦеĿСǡ
Ĭˡ
ѩСǶĬˡ
֪С˵ģҪ֮еˡ
ûκһ˵Լһֱţű
ʱСѾСǵĶҡ˵ⱾǴһҵİҪȻ´ٶҩİɣϾ齻Ҳġ
С˵һЩ֮Сҩȥˡ
ǲûȫ£Ƿá
ǲСҩΪ֮ǰڷǱҩʱʧˣǷ飬һСǺȻǺصġ
СǷҩ֮󣬾ͿʼַӦˡ
ǵķӦСĻҪңΪС̣ܻ涼Сǿ̫࣬һĶ̹ȥˡ
һ
ĸ
߸˸Ÿ
һֱеС̶֮󣬵һļⱨҲˣֻǳļ⣬Ҫӵľ׼ҪѧУȥġ
ԣÿ˶һΡ
һڿһ̣¶˸˵顣
Сʱ򣬴ð˳˵ҸոտأǶˣ͹ˣһԶ
Сǵһ˲ڴĹ⣬ֱܿǸסˡ
СЦЦǳ
ͰںʳСÿ˶׼һݺܲⶡСϹԼһݺİ֡
ܼ򵥵ģһܶ࣬һ㶼鷳
ͱüͺ˺ܲѬⶡԼһĴлڽȺӳɵСˡ
ܼ򵥣㡣
СϹ͸ˣС׺ϹϻһŵͿˡɫƯ໬
ĺİͣάصġ
ǵСǿܳԲֲ˵С㻹ÿ˶׼ֿζӪҺ
ʱ̫Ѿˡ
ɫڴϣӶررܰ
СǴ֮߳󣬿Ϣİڷţÿ˶ķ˽Ųͷ·𣬺´ŵһóֵΡ
ֻڱߵСϿиĸģõʱܹͼһԷ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿѾ׼õͣʹ䵭˿Ҳ޷еĸܡ
ͷ·һ⣬ͻȻ䵽Ԩıһ㡣
ͳ嵭ȽϺãˣߵʱõСʳߣֿһСЦе˵
ЩС⡣
ΪϵСʳʵúãǮͶ뵽˹ȥˡ
ţܺõġ˵
ûߵСԣĪģоǺܸж
ĸоİȴִϤĸо
룬ƺ쿪ʼһһģӰΧˡ
һȫѩĴԣҲ
ܺõġ

260 սĿ

ѩڳСĵ֮, ͷֳ, ŻûпʼϿ, ȥȸǮˡ
ڼұ˺óһʱ, ò׳ŷŷĿ, ڿѩͬѧԼǰʱı΢ġ
ʶԼƨ, 뵽ǲŸոճõβ֪ͣΪʲô, е
, Ƿе, ۾ģˡ
תȥ, ؼҺúõ˯һ˯, ˳Եõҩһܡ
̫ˡ
ⶼ˻þ
һȥԵʱѪ̫ˡ
һһ룬Ȼ߲ˡ
ΪԼǰվһŵѩꡣ
ϤͦӰ, Ϥ飬Ϥվλ̬
еţҲ, ˵ҪʲôҡһҪȥдҵء
Ŷѩǣ뵽ϴαװ׵ģͱˡ
, һ˿˿ϣ, ˵վǱвУ
վλ, ŵһ, ܾԼҪ군ˡ
˵ţֻܵ˺
⻰ֱҪˡ
УֻҪǲڣ˭ôҵȸλð
ر𱯷ߵĿѩǣ˵ңҽ컹Ļصȥ𣿡
˵ʵҲûʲôģҽ첻ֹ͵ˡ
Ĭһ£С۾ǺɣǲְǸһ˰ɣ
û˵
ѩǣͬĬš
һӻȻˣر𱯷ߵ˵ҵ̬ըˣôСÿζҪѡǣǿɺͱ֧Ŀ־Ҳˡ
û󡣡˵
һҭŭѵ㲻ٳɶʲôֵܰ⡣̫ˣҶôˣȻŹҡǿҰ˶ԸҪŮѣûʵֹ
סҪᣬԼֱµһˡ
Ĭ˵Ա𿨵̫
磺
һߣ˾ҲѾˣ˿Ϳǰˡ
ֵϤˣϤһĻӿ˲ԤС
ѩʱһֱò˳ܾãûǰôùˡ
ʶĴĸ׵ͨѶţ˹ȥ
ӺǱߵƵͨˡ
ѩοѩĸᶼҪˣί
ѩĸѩΣЦôˣôһͰ͵ӣϴͨǻܺ𣿡
ѩ˵ûУҸоҶҪˣʲô˳̫ʧˡ
û£пġѩĸЦ棬ŮźƵһƬ
ѩαԹŲǣǸ쵰ԺģǰΪǸõģôģѣҵʲô֪أˡ
Ȼϲһ㣬ҲһȼġѩĸĿŮ˵Щ˻Ҫϵ
ǡ
ѩЩ˵飬̫ίˣûܵί
ֵǣǰԼˣҪʲôʲôõڲˡ
֪Ϊʲôһʧ˵ĸоĶʧˡ
ȻôĻлѵһ¾ˡѩĸϵЦĬһ£Щݵ˵
Ůѩ嵽ֵطѾίˣҪô۸ʵЩȥˡ
ţ֪ģһġѩ˵
費ߣҪԼչ˺ԼǧҪίԼô̫ܵ˺ˡѩĸٴ潻š
ѩε˵ͷĿЦҪ´۸ңҿ϶˵ģĺˡ
˵ţ˿ʱ䣬տҪʼˣߵſڣѩĸ˵裬ҳǵÿҵĽĿ
ţȥɣ⺢ӣٵˡѩĸ˵
ѩںĸ˵֮󣬾˷ɳֱȥյĵص㡣
ջйϵܽȥģȻҪúñһġ
ղõֱʽ򿪹Կ˿Լȫһ֮΢
ȵ˵ط֮ѩο첽ȥ
ѾкЩˣвкһƯԣѩΰ۲ǵϢһ㶼䡣
Ȼܵ˻ᱻ̭ˣǾͷô࣬ҪǱĴԱӳʵĻҲǰˡ
ʱ½½˽ȥˣȥ֮ûٳˡ
ֵѩεʱڰˡ
ŵʱʽʼˡ
ʱϷģѩһϲ̫Уȫ̱鶼棬Ŭӡ
һЩС˻Ǽס
Ϣʱķ̸ˣѩν뵽С֮󣬲Ųæ¡
֪ģϾˣ׽֪òˡ
ѩηǳļƵİĲ׼˾ͷģ˵ûʲôܵģŹ
˻һЦ˵ǿɲУߵˣһƽȵģ˭Ҳܸ⡣
𣿡ѩЦ£崿òˣĴ۾ˣ˵ҾŬԡ
˿֮󣬾ʽʻˡ
˺ϬһӾͰѩεܸڳˣһ˲䣬ֱĻϻȻһƬ
û뵽ѩξȻиôƷѣҪңͲˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣԼ˵ĶȻ֡Ҫȥ
죬ⶼʲô˰Լڼ治𣿻Ҫװҩʦƭˣͷҩʦôüװ𣿡
˸ȥѩĴԣԣѩҲǺôԣ˵ѩǱôôƷ԰̫ˡ
ըˣǿҪǸѩԣҪ
û뵽ϣȻˣΪһԣҸоˣôôԺأ
Ǻģ˵ʱȻΪԼ棬ñȥˣ֪ûͨĻͷ𣿡
Բۣˡ
ûãսĿˣȻҪı⻹Ǻѩصġ
#Ƿһѩ#
#ѩεļƷ#
#ѣѩβ벻#
ڿѩεϢ֮˲ըˡ
ͷŭ۴׹⣬û뵽Ȼô۸ѩΣ̫ɶˡ
ΪǸõģһʱ߲ˣû뵽ŭɶ֮ǰ֡
ŭѹѹסˣֱϵ˰ϵֵǣ׼ȥΧBѩǡ
ҪЩڣһԾôҲôġ
ȻһЩ˷ɷ˵
뷨̾ʹжˡ
Ȼˣȫѵġ
Ϊðϵȫ˽ңôĸ飬Լ˵ѩյ飬ȫͬѧġ
ҲɵôȥB༶ѩ鷳̫Ѹˡ
ȻҪˣǵȻǳŶԷʱһвŽкõġ
ˣѡˣѩֿʱһѸˣһ¡
ַʽȻܷ˵ȴʧСġ
ϾǿɲΪ飬Լˡ
ǿ㿪ʼǺûȥѵ
һ㵢鶼ûеģڲѩĴŵص֮󣬾Цãֵǣض취Ǹֿˣߣȥ

261 ٴ

к˳ľץס˻, һСסˡ
۵ЩԲѵ, ЦһǺ, ǹû
ƻǴ˿Ҳ˵ò, BѩովսǾ˵, ǵˡ
ʲô
˸ոմٿȸﷸǣһ̧ͷͿЩ˽
һӾͲ߲, Ŀǡ
ŵɨһ֮, ֪, ǰȫ඼, ǴҪǺÿˡ
ϻҲͲ˵ˣҪ־͹ƴԣȻǶԴѩΣ
˵ɫ΢΢ıΣġ
ʵû, Լİ֮ˣԼ֪ʱ, ôĿ
Ҫǲѳһ, Ͱƻˣ
ɫ, Ĵһ, ˵ֵ, , ѵ
û£վںĺƻȫȥ
̵۾һ˹Լ¼
пЩѩʵڱ꼫ˣһ˫۾ޱȵɱ⡣һҪѵѩģǾôˡ
Цһ˭ЩһﱻԼء
ЩҲһҹȥԲŹЩ˵ġ
е˳ȥ֮󣬺ܿͷԭվԭصѩûӰˡ
Ĵһ£ǰļͻȻоʲôݺݵһ£һ񣬾Ȼ˳ȥ
ѩ壡
ǺܿͷӦˣеɫ䣬˵Сģ⣡
ˣѾˣѩĹǱôֲüѾԮХˡ
ѩĹûмˣкܿͱѹŴˣȻŭѣôң
˫۾֪ˣҪ
Ҫˣȴûа취ͨ죬Ҳһ˫۾ȴµɫ
ûһӣͷ˺еĹͷ
ûãоڵϰˣһ˫۾ԹɫҲŹġ
ûһۣתͷȥˡ
ֹһ֮ȫĺƻ嶼ˣʱľֻҲѾˡ
ǰṩݼ¼Լ⳥
Ⱦֻ˰˶֮˵в𣿡
֪֤ܿˡ
û£⳥
ţϧˣӦֻһˡ
ǰ³ǹˮͦġһѩ꿴һ۹嵥ֻ޲ðѺƻϻٴһ٣⳥
ողǰ˸˰ɣһ̷ʵ
ûУһ´Ρ
У˵ţѩΪȻĵͷ
СԼ֮󣬾Ͱȫ͵ϡ
ʵճУҲû˭ôģ˾ͻкۼġ
֮ǰѩðҩʦ飬ͱɾˣСڵһʱ䱣ԭƵ
ڰѸϷȥ֮СȥԼˡ
#һǣǸܻѩѩ#
¥ҲѩģûҾǸƷѣĲ˵ˣֱӷƵ
װҩʦͼ1װҩʦƵ1
öͼ2öŴͼ2
ҩʦ֤ͼ3֤Ŵͼ3
1¥Ǻ޳ܣ˲Ҫ޵С
2¥ңѡ
3¥ޣѩζģ̫ˣ˵֮ǰֱ׳ģ
4¥ҲôȻҵļʶ̫ˡ
5¥¥ˣǿҰɣ
6¥Բۣҩʦˣѩҩʦˣֻһ˿
7¥¥Ǹ鵱ȻĄ̊́˽˭㣬ȫ綼֪裡
8¥֤ݣθѩǲ֪Ϊǲ֪Ϊ
9¥ףһҰ
10¥֤ݶˣԺоֺŻˣ־ٱˣ¥
11¥ŵ˹ϵζˣû뵽ˣϥǸˣʲôɴԣҩ
12¥ԲۣͬΪԣôôܰƤô
13¥ԼЩ飬ߵ˱ϣ֮ǰǲǸ˵ѣ˵ôֱ׳ģάѣ͵͵Ϣع˳
14¥ûУûȥҵȷת
15¥֪ǸѩκԮᣬʱæûӽȥû뵽̡

127¥Բۣ档
128¥ո׼ˢһ˯ģȫˣɪɪϽ˻ᣬĺܵľҪҩ
129¥3000ܹˣ2980ţ
130¥ţĴԸоðˡ
131¥ 1ţսʿͬоðˡ

589¥ˣҾ˵ûϴηô죬Ҳû˭ˣˮǮˮƯˡ
590¥ôǿʱѹֱڳܸԼһسӣ֧֣
591¥Ǹ̤ţ룬ʲôǷһѩΣ66666666

7890¥۹̼ʲôûɣЩ˵ģӷˡ
7891¥ҵҪѩôβ
һӵģ͸¥ҺݻڲͣûãͳǼѣѹ˵һϡ
ѩαںͺԮ˻ţϢʱֱԭء
ô°
˵ǲģ
ѩΣѩΣأոջġ
֤̫ʵˣҿųġ
ǽͣ
ҷˣûб༭ĺۼȫġ
Բۣ˵Ǳƭˣ
ʼʱ򣬻û̫ţ֤ԽԽˣѩһѧУ˶ˡ
ǣǰŭСˣӻȫתˡ
ϵѩβҪ
Ȼǵƣǵûôˣʲôˡ
ܶΪֺѩεģһ߸Ͻɾ֮ǰۺͺۼһ̲סƿڴֻΪΪŮһŮǸĸεġ
ֻҪ룬Ϊ飬һҩʦǾ;ܲˡ
ѩοˢȥŭ͵һ٣̵ĸо޿״
Եľţ׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ
ûԥģѩθϽ˳˺ԮᣬȻҵѩĸ˵裬㿴Ǽˣҳ˰һۼûС
ѩĸҲû뵽ᷢչ
ΪԷǸԺĴԣû뵽
˲ˣѩξѵģҲôѡ
ǸŮˣƾʲôһ˫ŮΪ̳˳֣ҵѩȴҪزصĲܱ֡
ѩĸһӾŭˣǺܿ侲˵ҪˣǣЩҲǸ˺Ƶϡ
Ƕҡѩһҵӣ˵
ʲôϵǺܿͻˣ㲻Ҫˡ
ѩĸһƲȻ鿴ѩ֪ĸˡ

262 ܲ

ѩû뵽, ᷢˡ
Ѿ̸õĵӰɫ, ڶܾˣԷҪΥԼ
й顣
ѩοŹϲͣ͹Ϣ, ɫ˲ɷһƬ, Щòȡġ
ȫûˡ
ڿֺϢ֮ѩһӱˡ
Ҳ̲ס, æԼαװ֮󣬾ͳźеļǱ߸ȥ
һ·ϹԶ˸ͣ, ѩֱӾ, ٽϢ
˷ɳ֮, ֱӾеļȥ, ֻû뵽ˣ˺֮󣬾Ȼһ˺ۡ
ѩվںеķ䣬˶һӾͳˡ
һʱ䣬ѩο޵òС
, ûµġ˵
ѩο޵ʱۼ, Ҫȥ, ȴʹ̡
ʧˡ
Ǵ˹ȥѵBѩ, û뵽ȴһ١
տʼ, ѩ, 㶼ΪԼز, ˷⳥֮󣬻ǻŻˡ
뵽ͺ¼ˡ
㻹˵û£ˣû£ûµ𣿡ѩһ߳һ˹ȥ۾޺ˡ
ȻûҪͺһֱһ𣬵ǿԷҲǲܵġ
㻹ܺ𣿡ѩʵ
İɣһ㣬ûµġ۵ĿѩΣ˵ˣҺܿͻõġ
ѩο˵ôһ㶼ϧԼ
ҵĴҵĴҲáְĿѩΣеˮ˵Ժ󲻻ˣˡ
˭֪˵ǲİ̫ˣңۡ
ѩĿźУֺ¡
ȻϺۣȴУܱѩֵˡ
˲˵ûã
ѩɻĿУҲ֪ô¡
ȥšѩ˵
˹ȥһţ˾סˡ
ǾֺŻˡ
ѩŮʿãǽӵٱһˡľֺŻ˳ʾ֤ԼصĲ˵
ͷˮ
ѩνӲ˵ã͸ߡ
ǱߣѩĸԽԽεѩβ֪أ֪ġ
ûĻѩⱲӶˡ
з޾ĺ⣬ֱùϵһԼѣæѵһǸȥ
Ҫ˵ǰҲûʲôϵģǷֱȥ˱˵鸾ŶЩϧĵһȥġ
ϢǣźŽ֮ͨǱߺˬľͬˣõϢǣԷҪǮ
ҲûʲôЩϹ˲ٵǮġ
û⣬ʹ㡣ѩĸ˵
ˣȻҾͿʼˣİɣһѩαġ
ѩĸ⻰Ű
ԼһСʱ£Ȼ跢ӡ
#Ǹӵҩʦͨ˵#
¥ҩʦ˹ģճʲôģ˵Щ̺Ϥˡ
ǸܻҩʦҸûҩʦˡ
̫ˣûԹȴҩʦ֤ҸѾֻ˾ٱˡ
ӭӻԾٱ
1¥ԲۣٵѾˡ
2¥ҩġ
3¥ҩʦѧͽɣѧͽҲûϵֻҪʵѧˡ
4¥ģѾˣԱڡ
5¥֮ǰоǼҵ꣬ȫ˺ţõ֡

117¥ҿȥѩ峤ˡ
ԾԵˣһӾͿ117¥С磬̾͹ȥˡ
֪ѩǺٵ罻˺ŵģÿѵѵսսġ
ǿѩ峤ķ֮󣬶ʱ΢ˡ
ǷԺ̣ܶ˼ǣѩҩʦܵģһṩ˶ԷҩݣԼ˾档
ҩʦ˵ѩ̣߷ɳһξͲһˡ
ⷢһҩʦǱͰˣҲ֪Ǹ߲㿪ģ̨ģ֮ŷչûӣһоͳ䶨ˡ
ѩǲԽԽԵˣ
ޣҵĴԱôԴԣ
ôٶȣ
׶׶ףһҪ׵ҩ
ݣǳҩʦ˰ɣҶԱһҩʦ˵ģˣǿ쿴Աݣǿ˲١
555Һѣȷˡ
Ѿˣ׼ȥͶҩʦˣԾˣ̤ľȻ
֧֣ͬ
ֶʮ룬Ҽģˡ
ߣͶһ£϶ֹôһǿҷ
С߲飬ͿѾˡ
û뵽滹ķչġ
ûϵһԼС㿴Źԣ΢΢˴ȻһϷ˳ȥ

263 ˫˫

迴ѩǱߵķԼֱǿҪˡ
û, ֻǼ򵥵ĽѵһС, ȻԼȥˡ
ǣϹҽ, Ҳ֪ιιι, ķ͹ȥźŶû˽ӡ
ʮ֮, ǱѾˡ
û취, ֻȥѩĸˡ
㿴ʲô飬㲻˵, ǾǸҩʦѩ嶼, Ҷˣ
ò, Ҫϴ̬ȹ, ͰѲʲôĹ黹ԭ, Ѿȥһˡ
Ҳòеġ
ΪһĴԣôʱڵλãӵڵĵλûһʱ䣬ȫˡ
Ҫ֪, ǵʱ, ҲǱߵĹ, ȻǵǳСǱǶһ޶ġ
ԼӵеһëᶼˣȻͣѩĸҪ㲻⳥ҵʧҾͰҲٱˣҪΪҲңҶˣˣܻȥ
̫ˡѩĸ˵
ޣһӣͻȻһ죬˱ˣǮȫûˣ𣿡˵
ʱ趼ѾԭΣְɫģɫβߺɫߡ
ĺóѾǰˣԭԿǮģʲôûˡ
ҪΪˣܺùĿ
֪ˣ٣һġѩĸĻ֪ӱܲˣЩ̵Ķ࣬Ҳ͸ˡ
ҪıٱˣôѪҲˡ
ѩĸѽյһϢ
ѩĸ󾪡
ٵĵ㿪ϢǾֺŻ˷͹ġ
Ǳߵ˾ٱС飬ҪƲһȥ⻹ΪѩΣҪȥһˡ
ѩĸɫױˡ
ڿʼĻǸղǮǶ״
ѩĸŵüҪг
ûᷢ飬Ҳ֪Լ¶ˣȻͱǱߵ˸סˡ
Ҫ֪ĻһǸŮ˵ģһ̱ڴһһŮһɳ
ѩĸҧгݵģһ˿ɱ⡣
ʱ˵ʲôˣֺŻʱѾˡ
ܿģѩĸͱˡ

264 Ǽع

ȫû뵽, ǸͰֽһѩ, Ȼôݺˡ
ʹԼĺֵܶ䱡
䱱ѩǱߵˣ˴ɵӴ˾תݵġ
ǻʶΪƻʹ, һԭǾǶһֱѩεãó, ôԲæأ
һЩȫ˵ˣ֮ŭɶ, æ˵ĺ, һѩκúõĳС
ΪһѧУҵѧǱߵѧ, ѧУһġ
˽ľ֮, ûԥ, ֱӾ׼ѩǱȥˡ
ʵܿѩ, һײ˵, һĻûһֻ֪սӮΣǰѳˣ޸ˣܹϺ
һģֱûӡ
ʱ, Ѿ, ǶڽջǺġ
ҿ, ܴԻӭġ
ողˣңһֱõġ
Ҫǵëٳͺˣϧˣزǰˡ
У⳥Ҳ˲٣Щҿһʲôˣ󰡣Ҫ׬ǮС
ǵģزڣǿȥɼһ¶ˡ
ѩһ˵ţһȥ
ѧУսʿѾյУˡ
üͷ˵ǶǸǼ飿ʲô
˭֪ѧУɲϢĵطˣһλڣɡһսʿ˿ڴСǱ˳Ĳ˵
ɵˣѩôͻȻ͸Ŵˣһжڵڴϵսʿм˵
СˣָǳλİɣĻɫһ治ǻġ
һǧ꣬ѩҲͳ˸ô޳ܵĻɫ䱣Ϊ˼Ҹ˶ǴˣˣҪȨɣˡ
Ҳǣɡ˵ѩսʿ̲룬Ծܾķʡ
ǱߣյϢĶ䱣ɫò񻰡
ȫûԼᱻܾ
ģ׺ݵصŹԣǱߵʦΪʲôܾ
ã뵽ˣݺѩεǸԣڵӦǱŵġ
һӵģ䱵ͻȻ
֪ǲ˺ǸԵģûϵԹȥһ
֪ѩβǺ۸ģ

265 

ֻҪһ뵽ѩα۸, ͺ޵ġ
ѩô࣬ھȻ˺
ǸԼֱɺޡ
ڹ˷ɴƱ֮, 䱾ֱӹȥˡ
Ŵķ羰, 뵽ǰǸȺЩ΢ġ
ѩһʼǿϵģȻҲѾ˼ȥ˴ǱߣȻΪ, ôѩǿ
츳ô, ȴҪڱԵǴ, ƾʲô
ο, ѩҲԽԽ, ǵòˡ
Ҫѩ, ȥһۡ
뵽ѩΣֻ˵ʱĳ
̨ҽܵʱ, ǰĿ鴿һھ˰ˡ
µ񣬾ҡҷĻһ, һ֣Ķˣֻ޲ʲô
Ǹʱ֪ԼϲС, ׷̫, һֱԼصúܺá
, Ψһܹӽѩ, һѩεˡ
䱽ס֣ô˵һѩλؼҵġ
Ҫǣѩγڶ
˷ɳ֮󣬾˿Եǵķɴˡ
ʱ˴Ӷ䱵߹ĶһӾͰѶԷһˡ
ǰǸ˱߱˵ѩҪüˣԼҲ˸ҩʦ
⻹һǸҩʦûȥҩʦ˱ҿһҲˡԱ߷۵˵
ѩսǿˣ֮ǰûҩʦĸȥˣʵҵϣܹģǲ֪ǰһ㶼һҸùҪߺš
ûҾͺˣ˵ˣǻѩ壬ҲûϷѩ忴صʵҪʵߺš
⻰˵ģַ֪̻չǰѹôˣ˶Щ־ˡ
û취湻漰̫ˣֻҪǷԣЩ˾˰ɣҲܲˡ
Цһûмȥˡ
ҵԼλֱӹȥˣѩʲôϢһûҩʦѡ
ʱ򣬺еϢˡ
Ľͨ˵ʲô飿
˵㱻ܾˣô˵
ֻǲȥѧУѣûʲô˵ġʱ䣬㻹е㲻˵
±ûӣȻ֪ˡ
˵֪ˣһú˵ģҪҪȥ㣿
ˣҵ˵ط͹ȥҵҪʲôô۸ѩΡ
䱵Ծֻѩرġ
뵽һѩα۸ʹϧ޲̾ȥ˸ѵˡ
ǣֱڣѩζΪôԱڼҳš
˵˲١
Сĵ㣬Щƺøǿˡæ˵
ĺˣûҵС̣ǿǿοҲһڡ
䱶ŻеģЩûҵС̣һ㶼˵ġ
ѧԺĳսʿ࣬ǳսʿҲûжǿϾĻͬڡ
Щͬڵû͸˵ˡ
еġ
˼֮󣬶䱾͹Ƶˡ
ٹһСʱͲˣҪϢһ£õ״̬С
һСʱ򣬶䱾ſ۾·ɴˡ
ſ龰üͷ
ôõĵطĻûʲôɱȵġ
˿ʱ֮󣬾׼ȥѧ·ϵˡ
Сʰö֮ͳˣſţͿһš
ɻĿ˹ȥû˵ͼԷޱתͷȻ۾˲·ſβͷҡڡ
ߣȥѧУˣҽһ£ǵսʦרŸսġ
۰Ͱ͵ĿС㣬ֱԷȷİеСʳݸ֮ĳ̫ˡ
һеġС˵
֪߰ɣȥѧУˣպҾס¥ϣԺǡǣһȥ档
籾˵ģֻһ뵽Աͬˡ
һߣһ߳ССʳſеζˡ
Ҫ֪ܹʵ̫ˡ
ֵǶӮˣȻֱǸһٲŹġ
Ҫ޸ҩ죬ڶϹˡ
һжֵõġ
뵱һſڲˮǵóԸˡ
ԺСԵľۻ϶Ҳķˡ
ɰòˣ

266 

Ѿֻܹܿű˳Եˡ
ҸֵĿ۰˵λ, ޲ðСβ͸̵ԼĿˡ
С㲻ʦΪʲôӡУѩ嶼ɵģټϲɫġ
ôˣʵ
ûʲôֻǾʦ֣ܿʦҪߵĵط𣿡СЩɻ
⻰ʱС㲻ʲôˡ
ôˣɲƵñ䡢̬
˭ű˴ԴȵģԼֻһ߿ţܹ, , ӣֱǾˡ
û, ǲ֪жᰡ
һ˲֮ǰӣ˵ΪҪϿ, ģû, B༶˸սʦ
С⻰ͷ, Ǻϲ
һ˵, еİ༶ֻһʦģŷ, , Է˵ȥˡ
B༶Сץ˲, ΪһҪģʱָʦˡ
һĺ˵˵š
ʵСǵȸִҲһѾģֲϹص飬ӦѩսʿӦ顣
ҲСô޳ܵ鲻ⲢץסᣬϽˡŵӰţ˿ķҸ۾βͶҪ̲סˡ
ʱ򣬷ɫͻȻһ䣬¶˺ѩսʿһ
ʦôˣСʵ
ǲˡĹһ˵һ£ȥˡ
ҪߣоԼסˣͷһͼС˵ǳ𣿡
š˵
ǿ𣿡
ᣬܹ
޲ۻӵȵȡ
ǿսʿȥķֲսԼѧУ򣬶˷һﻹУͲˡ
ǵȵȣҼǵϮΥġҪ⳥ܶǮС˵ʱС˺ܶࡣ
绹ˡ
СԸ԰ͶʣеԺɲɫģԼÿԺһ̨¿Ʋ֡
ԤЩ飬ѾСԵȫƲˡ
ƫƫѯԹ˾׶ԵļǮԼȥ˾ѯУ԰ѵҵļǮ
㶣ȻʧСǰ
С㲻˼ЦЦȻǰȥˡ
ڴԼ֮ͱסˡ
С̧ͷ˵ʲô𣿡
۸ѩ𣿡䱵ƣСԣһָ߸ϵ̬˵Ҫ㲻ѩεǸǲŹġ
Ӧã˭ûȥݺţͷʲôûݰת˼¼ʲôĶء
С㲻мĿ˵趼СģһĻһĽܺö٣ͱԽˣѩûõóֵĴһ
ѩΣôõĴԣҲ𣿡׺ݵ
䲻䲻ҪǴԣ㵹Ǻ䰡ҹһ·ɫɣСһ㶼˵
û˽ú˵ҿѩΰ㶼ȲϣһζûУЬ㶼䡣
ô֣ҲûʲôаǿɣˡС㿴ЦʡûҪȥϴ۾
㣬ݵġ
һ֮¾֣Ҫһѵû뵽Ȼûץס
ôˣ˵ʹˣС䳰
ʲôʱܹǶԷһ򿴲ĴԣЦѧУʦû̺㣬ȻҾˡ
˵ţϵսʿȫСǱ˹ȥ
Ȼһͱ߷ˡ
վм䣬˵Ҷ֪ʲôʱԼû̺ˣҪ
ΣյĹ⡣
Ѿò˵ˣֱսȫŷ繥˹ȥ
ҲûֱӾͽѵ
һһģûµģ䱾ͱѹŴˣڶ˺üͷ֮űݺݵ߽ǽˡ
ʱİսʿǳˣһ˹ȥСһ㣬ֱӰѳеĶ䱸ˡ
ɧŴԣŴԣԣһ˰ɡһѩսʿ˵
۷磬ֳС˵ͷ
Ŵ뿪
߾Сʷ磬ʲôˡ
һӵģ˵Ķ䶼ˣǵڴȻһ룬Ǹѻش·ģʿ
սʿһҪͷ˸һ˵
Ϊ˲¶ǻǺʵϵĴԼʿĹ⻷Ĭ뿪
ȥ
ƨİʿ
б´ٱȱ˭Ӯ

267 

û, Сյһʵ⳥ˡ
Ҫ֪ͷڹذԷ棬Ǻϸġ
ǶɧŴвԿŴ󻹹ԣ˵ȫȫˣֻɧŴԶҪ⳥һʵġ
˿˻⳥ǰѶԷǮѾȫˣʮͽ̡
ʮٳ˶Ѿˡ
Ҫǣڴصķ, ǲ̵ܼġ
µ⳥, СȻľµˡ
ⲻ⳥ȻŶ࣬ҪǷ̯ȫѩͷ, Ҳûжٵģ, СµĵҪ
԰ÿ԰
Ƿ㡣
һָߴҶľ, ߶߿ɴʮ, ֱһңɴꡣ
ĺߴٷ֮ʮ, ֭Һֱɰǡ
ƽʱûµʱ򣬿Եľ, ϾǷӳķࡣʱڵĻ, ҲһʳﶼҲ
µ֮, С㻳ſֵ飬ֱӾȥˡ
ӰеİѩսʿҡҡͷеΣҶ֪ѾְǮˡ
ͣЪ
ѩμĿĻǱߵĺУ˵𣿡
ġеüЩ⣬˵Ѿȥˣٹʱͻˣǵʱúõףһ¡
ҪףһµģѾþûмˣԴ뿪ѩ֮󣬾ûˣҲһҪúϼġ
ôˣԼ֪˵
˵ģǶû˰
ааɣġ˵
࣬ǶҪ˰ʱһҪȥúһ¡
ҪܹڵͺˣϾѾȨˣȥֲʲô£ôѩ尡һһѪأЩ˾̫ƽˣһС¶Ź
ѩԹţʱ̫ίˡ
ͨʱһϢˡ
ѩοһۣǶ䱵ģæϲ˵ˣңӦǽˣǵʱԼһȥúù䣬Ҳܾûˣȹ
ȥȥɣ㼱áЦó磬΢
ѩڽͨ˶䱵Ϣ󣬻û˵סˣΪ滹վžֺŻˡ
ѩΣ
ڡѩ˵
мҪ˵һ£ġ˵
ѩǰѾ˺еĻˣ֪طʲôϲǵġ
һӵģС磬ǲǰ˸ˣǿǴ԰ôǲǺأһҪú⳥ġ
˵Ѿ⳥ˣҵ˻ֱӾͼˣûʮǳȥˣһҪúչԼ
ѩһϲæѹ¿Ҫǣ˵ǲǲˣУҪȥУϾǰĺѰ
ѵͲ𣿾ȻҪȥǸ񶾵ĴԡԹίģһأ⵽ˡ
ۿѩβŵӣ䱼˵ƭˣû£ұˡ
ͦҵģҪǼȹˣڶˡ
ҲֻǱƤȥһЩˣۻ۵ģΪ˼ѩһ棬ǲѡǷǮġ
Ҫȥ治˵Ƿ˼һϷѡ
ʲôѩεһӽӲסˡ
ΪѾǸ˸ˣҲᵲס·ˣû뵽ͷȴǶ䱱˻⳥
ұˡ
ܡѩμ˳
Ŷ˵ǿǸ԰ôĶ֣һں˵Բԣƭң
ûУģѩߣҴˡ䱽һУŽǣҵʱ쵽ˣ㵽ʱ𣿡
ᡢģĺˡѩЩ㱵˵
ûãƵ͹ˣȫϿϢ֮ɫ
ģô
Ϊʲôôãһδζˡ
ģǰôģȴ
ݺݵĴйſĸѾٰˣϵȻû˵ҲѧУЩ˾Ͳһˡ
οҲûȥϿˣҲǸ취
ѩ΢΢ŤǾѧȶһ˵
УѩĸǺڲѡ
Ҫǿһ㣬Լķ޹ϵˣͲбٱͽʱ
һ͸ô㣬ǸȥģֱӰһ˫ָŪҲð
ѩĸƤгʹ޵һ죬ҳȥˡõҳȥѩε֣ұģ
ʱֺûǮغˣҪ֪нĻһǮֿţڣҲ֪һǮûУȫˡ

268 Աϳ

ڼڹ˹֮, 䱾ŲõԤˡ
һ˺Щ, ûмѩι
ֵ, е, ˭ġһĻ˵
ֵϢ, ֻҪһ, Է֣ܹѯ, Էʲôʱ߼ʲô, ʲôϵԷǷʲôﱻץ
һ˻治Ը, ԼϢϢ
Ըֵܵ, ϶Լа׵ġ
û취һй¼ˣĲ˵, ҧһ, еһؾеڶ, ԴҶߵĳ͡
ҪǱ˱ؽʱԺԼˣҲû˿ġ
ģ˵ҵģһ̫æˡ˵
ֻҲţһ, Цͦ˼ġ
䱿ϵ, һ, ˵ٵȵȣӦþͻˡ
ֲǲŽ㿴Щ죬мˣԼƭԼ
Һǲһġ
˶ô˵㿴㣬ʮ갡ȥˣ˭ῴ㰡
һһ㶼á
˵⻰ʱ򣬶Ҳеĵġ
ڴԶֵˣ˿ġ
䱿˶Էıģߣ֪Լûʱʱֽ
תͷԶȣЩ
ʵҲ֪ģѩǲˡ
ѩʱڷɴϣǿջЦûˡ
һ·ϣСĶˣ±˷֮ǰǸԣǱˡ
ǱϵģţȫǱĵ
ʵòС
Ҳû취ˣҪɴģҾɴˡ
ʱˡ
ѩæñӣͷתһߣ˵ע⡣
һ죬У԰ըˡ
Ŀʼһѧ·ֵڵʱײѩΪȸ˶Щͽˡ
ûʲôоģ붼ûҪˡ
ûߣͷһˡ
ǾЩѩͬѧֲһ㰡
ǸԾûвעսģԼҲռϣļǵãBѩԭȵʵӵġ
ǣʲôû˵ֱվڲԼλÿʼ¼ˡ
¼֮ҲǴԼģû뵽֮ǰСĴУ԰ˡ
Ȯȡ˿֮У԰
ô棬ǽȮеˣǿǿҪ˸Ըã֪ʲôˡ
ڵ黹࣬ȮæҪѧϰһ¡
Ȳĵ㿪󣬾±ƵĿķԣȫģһɻ󣺡
Ȯ˳ȥһۣȷԼǽ˹ֻˡ
ûд
±ƵЩڸʲô
ȫǸּĻòҵһ˵˻ģԷʵԱͼֱӿԭأС
ѽѩ嵽ȥʲôȻô
̫˰
ûԥģȮ̵㿪Ƶ
Ƶ̣ܶѩڵŹˣ֪ΪʲôǸȸƺֿƽԼе޿
ȮԺɻһܿģȫĿͱſս۷ˡ
ٶȣô׼Ķʵ̫˾̾ˡ
ȵǣЩѩͬѧǣǾ˵ı
ͷǸѩ壬һӾͶ˵ĹȭֱӰѷľʯˡ
Ȯ۵żһֱţ᲻ƿ۾
һֱƵ
δĿ˺ü֮ȥˡ
ô°ѪڣAѩ𣿡
𾪣ͻȻʦûǸǶȵĻң챻˵ģ
ʶBѩ壬ǰʱһӮţŶõĹǾˡ
֤ûҵҲǰġ
ôˣǵôôǿİѩ岻ѵҶû𣿡

ԼһģB༶ͻ壬͵͵ô󣡡
Ҵﲻҹˮƽ塣
˵֮ǰǸҩʦѩģԣҲ¡ҪҩҪģ
ĽҷŭļУ
ҵʦҽһͬѧҸҩʦȻ˳úÿȥѧ鱦ʦ˼ʦ֤ȻһҩʦѧͽȻڴϹϵˣǽˣЦޡ
֤Լ˵ʱ̵ˣҴȥӦƸ߶˴ֳı
˵ǸҩʦͻȻʹһûоҩʦġ
ߣϢҿвҪˣҪջˣֻܹŵǾԲֺñĴԵġ
ͷԶ࣬ưɣһȥģһ֪¡
ǵ׹򲻹ˣ˵ʵҪβɣҹǻбġ
ڵѾôǲǴģ
ӥ𣿻ָҩСڿˣ
ٰ죬Ź
弼Աˣ¥һģһģһȮģ˼𣿡



B༶ѩ壬׼ʱ׼ĳ˽档
һ·ϲ˭ڨǶǻһ顣
ɫ䵭ЦѩꡣǼظţ͸һɺεĮ
ʱСǻûеġ
Щ˲ϴԼ༶澭һĿж˲ٵķꡣ
С㵽ѧУ֮󣬾ͷֵˡ
һ·ϲͣڴк
εЦЦȥ
ܺã˵СԻ֯ʱҿȥ𣿡
ˣûȥģ̫æˡ
ǿȸиᣬҪ𣿿ȸѩһǺѵģˣϴѩ˻ǵС̵ġ
ҪȥǵģҾȵİ
컹ǺһƯǸӵƯˣĴǹˮҲһݣ͸ġ
˼ǲʶա
СԽҲܺðҾͿġ
лл
СشЩۣʱվǰ档
æ˵ȹȥˡ
Χ˿ѩ˳ˣɵЩϧòײ˵ϻġ
СûʲôԥˣȻƽʱҲ飬Ǹһʿ飬˾ͻ
Ҳ֪ǽôˣһ·ϣö˻һ޲յ
СܵС̵ߺһ
ЩһôˣСʵ
ùǡ˵
ǱƵʵܴ󡭡˾е㲻˵˵ţһᶼʱҲƽʱࡣ
С˾ĻҲЩˡ
ѹЩһô顭

269 ȶ

һ·, ѩ궼ûô˵
Сϰˡ
ȻĮ, ȴӵ֡
ֻҪ˵, òĻӦ
ദô, ǹȥ, Ǻܵ, ǻһ, Źʽ顣
ûи, С
С˵һͷͼһӱݵԼǰ
ɻĿ˹ȥʲô
û˵
·Ŀȸ, Թ˵͸С
˾Ŀһۣһ
Ĭһ۹ⶼûиȸ꣬ͺ񵱳Щëεһ
áСЦźͿȸ˸к
Էһ, ھϲвУŲƮƮˡ
͸ġĻӦʮֵعʽ۾, ·ûһ˿һ㡣
, Сע⵽Ķرġ
ллҺϲС
紵Ҷڵҡγ߲ĹӰ
СЦݲ, , ԡ
ͦεվ, ǵĳױȵ㡣
Сԣܹ˸оޱȵᡣ
˵ԺǾͲҪˣһ顣
òк˶ҪлӦġС΢΢Ц
ǾͰǸߡĬݳ˵

űҲһܷ飬ǲҪôͿˡ
ĬСɻıˣﶼһ˿СŤ
áÿɰ
ʵ˵ǣǶ˵ġ
ĬԾҡһβͣ˵ûбҪΪ˷ʱ䣬ܷġ
һעġ
ǿս̨ϰǶ˵ġ˵
ˣҲᾭӴСæֹ
Ļ
û£ǵĻԼߵģ̫鷳
΢΢۾ס۵׵óѵĹâ
˵ͷ˵ҪʲôҪĻһҪ˵
õġС˵
˰֮Ϊʱ仹ĹϵСȴ򿪹Կ˿ֿ̣˿š
һţСע⵽вȶˡ
ҲǸҩʦźСĲ࣬ҺݺݵָСרҵϵĲרģ˵ǮȥˣǸҩǸҩǸԵġ
һ仰ǣǰǶרоôСΪǮʲôɳˡ
Сüͷȥ˶Էڵҳ
һμˣС̹ȻС̣ʲôɣһ㶼׵ģҾʹû˶ҩ
Щ׵ĶҲЩ˸Ҳ룬ĸʦôˣúȱǮһ
֪ȷʵȱǮ˻ϵʽһֱڱ䶯ʽȫǶС컨ûġ
ǰɣ΢һ׬Ǯǡ
ǲɵĸҩʦ׬Ǯеˣȫһݰ
˵һ䣬ǼǮѽҩҩʦѧͽļǮ
ǳɣҹ۲˺üˣÿҩôһ㣬ֺôԵЩˣЩԵġ
ðɣҳԹͦóԵģһûЩʳҳ񶼲ˡ
ĳɣЩҪͲģһСԴ˾ǸѧͽôһŪôࡣ
Ҫ𣿡
ԷҳһƬɺȻҲйˡ
ҪΪСҩʵ̫ˣֲЩƵҩʦ
û˹
ЩſھˣСҲûзϣЩǶԷҷۣЩûеԽġ
СֱӾͲǵˡ
ʱ򣬹ʾԷֱ
СԥҪҪȥʱͻȻ˷
̧ͷȥֻ֪ʲôʱиѩͬѧѾѹϵֱӵ˽ҴĻϡ
СɻתͷȥֻԱߵѩͬѧȻİͷתˡ
ˡ
ҾǿʲôҩʦֱܴǸȥׯ
Щһ˿ǿ˭Ͳ˵ˡ
ֱƺڴӣͣˢŵĻ
ֱӾó˺üµĺӣÿ涼ŷʮҩ
ôҩ˵Ǹֱˡ
ҩһеȴ˶Ҫˡ
һ˿ǲǳȶȵҲȫûˡ
СתͷߵѩСǣᣬƺһ˿á
Сע⵽ʱûʹùԡ
ֱܿͿʼˣһֱңһֱǸĳһ䣬ҩʦҪúҩרЩĶģǽС
һӾѡ
#ҩʦҩʦ#
#ҩʦ#
#ҩֱ#

270 ٴ

ȫǼʶСߵĻӦ
ȻҩʦǺܺ, , Ӧ˵Ƕһˡ
ҩʦǾʲôģҲǹ˽³, ̨ϲȵģֻһˡ
Ҳ, Ͼ, ³ֵҩʦҩʦҵģҩʦ, ƫƫΪôţҩҩʳ, ôĹע, ѾԶԶһҩʦˡ
ֱƵҩʦ߹עһλˣŶ೤ʱ䰡Ѿˣܹ뵽Ժô
΢ǣҩʦѩġ
Щҩʦ˵̬ȣǶҲܹöġ
飬˶ڹעźķչ
Сûйű˵ϰߣպѾ, ԿʼˣһٷϢ
ֻûô, ͷѾкܶڷ, תͷ, СȫעŹԡ
ЩӵĴ, ģ˿ʼɣҩʦڲȶˡ
ϾǰҩʦĲҲǱҩʦѧͽһ㣬ӿĲӶ˵ǰ飬ҩԷ˵飬Ҳеġ
ӣ۵ˡ
Ҿ;⣬ǸСôһȫţԭǱ˸ˮ
ҩʦ˲Ǻѩ̸ʧҹ
ǵĹϵ̫˰ɣʱʱõģ̫ˡ
е˱ҥˣˣʲô֪˵ʲôùϵ治ã˼ҩʦ˻Ըҩʦ֤𣿡
ȥҩʦ֤ʱ䣬Ǹʱѩͳûأ㿴ǸλãҪǷŷˮҩʦ˸ʧٰٿڡ
ۺңֲڼЩʲôȫڵСĺչ
ʱѾв˶Сĵˡ
ʵϣСĵÿ춼ţֻѡ
ûзϻֱӷϢ
ҩѾ׼Ͼŵ㿪ʼۡ
һϢȥʱըȫǼʵ˶ˡ
ڵյϢġ
ܣⲻҩôԲۣ˭ңҿˣ
ֵܣûѾڷֵǹˡϢҪȥµ̶ˡ
̫˰ɣ֮ǰάAᣬʳھȻҩˣ
ҵ찡֮ҾȻܹĺ£
̫ҸˣͣԶ֧ģ
Ů񣬲ȫ¾Ϳ˰Щ˹֣һֱڵ㣡
ҩʦˡ
һߵȼҩʦüͷȡ裬ʱòҿô죬ѩȻôС𣿻Ƕס
ȥòͷ㲻ñ˻ΪҩʦҲܣôоһûСϹеȼҩʦµ˵
ģ׼һ£ʱ鶼ƹȥȥͱˣٳû֤ջ¼ȡ
ǰǰѩҰĴˣȻұ֤ܸȥǾջ

⣬ѩҩʦҩ
ҵŮ׳ҿȥףŵ㿪ŵġ
һ㣬ȴʲôҩˣֻ˵һ͵ģأ̫ڴˡ
ǼʣֻҵгɱϿɵˣŻᱻΪģͨһҵҲϵƣʱ˵ҩʦרˡ
һأǴϿС㣬Ǹҩʦ˽һ㶼ûпġ
ҩҪʵ̫˰ڴô꣬ˣ
¥ϱˣһҩʦҩˣôûн⣬ܣǺǡ
ô˵ҶܣҾ㣬㿪ɣѾȲˡ
ոշ˺üģҩʦѧͽޣүү̵ģֵѣΪһҩҸзˡ
ʲôãһҪҩҵһʱµһʱͣھȥͣ
ҵŰһһҶţһҪǧˣ
Ǽٵİɣ˭ð䷢Ϣˣ̫ˡ
ȥѯˣģҿȥһţʱǸˣԶ֧
ΪϢ̫ˣȫǼʵĿⶼ˶ãʱ̫ˣ޲ھͷɲȥϽϾŵȥ
һ죬עǼ尾ġ
ϵڲϵ࣬ѾҪ֮ǰ۷ˡ
һҹעѰġ
ϵӿֱ̣ˣ˲ĵһֱȥϣ˭ҵźŲֱӵȥճһǽȥ
Щûм̵ˣһ㶼᲻ߣһֱڵǻţԵȴᣬڵһʱȥ
ҵţÿ˵϶˷ܽŵ顣

271 

һӵ, עС̵, ֱӾͳҩʦߵһλעڲš
ʱ, һֱ˵ڶϡ
ھŵ㿪ʼһ̣˶, ҩһ, Ѿʷ˵γֵҩˡ
ؼǣڷԺ, ⻹ֻһ
죬, ˣͨҹһѧֱǸ˻, û뵽ԼȻֻһǮ˵ġ
Ҳˡ
ңҺýţҵһҩ
찡ҩڲñǮ¢𣿡
ЦޣеĵһҩѾŵȿݻˡ
ûӴ, ʽ𲻹ĻҿͶʵġ
߷¥, ǿԴ, Ҳڳ, Ӵ, ٿߣ
ԣĿԣԸģڳﻹǹǶԵģ31979598ǧŰǿԣ
ôǣҰңҾҰʮˣû򵽣̫ˡ
ĺҪҰɣʵڲУͼӴǶԳµġ
һʱ䣬Էɿ˵Ļûģܼ
ڵȿݻˣûڵǵҩЧҪ֪ǲǸӵġ
һ죬ȫǼ˵ĿȫСĵ̡
ϣģϣǼٵģǲô˵û˲ķȫĿԴĽ
ܿģһյ˻
ȽļһӾ͸ˣºиⱨģˣ
ӳһ˲䣬нȴͨ˶ǻûһһеĲǡ
žǵڶĸܿ죬򵽵˶½½յˡ
ѡ񹫿ѡ񲻹еĸɴֱˡ
ҩصÿӶܻǵҩڼ䣬֮ǰСǸҩʦֱӱعѪͷҳš
Ϊ˶ܴڵŭֱӹصԼĵԼ罻ҳֱӲˡ
ˣвڷֲԺֱӿǰ֪˿գβȶȳ˵ġ
ҩʦǸ߰ģǵƲñˣһӱ˻Ǳôһ𷴵ԿƽʱͨڵԹжˡ
һʱ仹ûйȥϢѾըˣܶӿСĵųƱҪӴ
СûäĿôֱӾҵ˳ѯǲǿѩͷ¡
Ŀ⸴ӵĿС㣬˵ҪˣⲻǼС飬ǰֳȥһɣҲǲ˵ġ
һǳɲģѾǺˣһˡС˵
漰̫ˣСôõġ
֪ˣһ򱨸ġ˵꣬ͷһϢȥ
ûãһоͶźˣѩͿ˺üߣʼȫˡ
ҩʦ״ܵһҩʦѧͽҩȫΪȥʽˡ
Сڴֹ֮ǰ顣
ںþ֮ǰһȺȻ󰵵˸档
±˲֪Ⱥûˡ
С㰵İ֪ѩС飬ԼһЩʶȫȥˣȻȺҩʦѧϰȺ
ֻҪҲ¶û֪ûһҩʦԱ
ȻΪ֤ҩʦڣշѵģҲ֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬷Ҳû˹
С̾һ˹ȥϢͼһ˼ӽˡ
Ǹͷ
С㿪Ϣ
װʦˣһһǧҿԣѧ
С˼룬ܿģֵС̾ͼӽˡ
ҺãǾβ**
ö˰ǿһѧϰҩˣ
ڵ**ֵҡβͣôҩʦѧͽֱļˣҵ֯
İѧѸ˹ȥȻʼˡ
ȻÿϿεʱϾŵеֵֹģԵģû⣬ϿԺŲϰ
СһδѧͽҲǺܸˣֻҪ֪ʲôģܹ֮ͨ׶Ŀֱˡ
ߵ˺ֵܻɻˡ
һֱΪҪȷҩģû뵽ѹ֮ǰһֱըˣû뵽ôСϸҪע⣬ˣĳɹ˰ؿԶ²ˡ
ǰҲը˺üΣ֪ģҪעһ㡿
һΪЩ˶ᱬըġ
ģģҶǴġ
Ҿͷˡ
ʱС㲻ڣȺҲ˷ҩʦص֪ʶԼµϢʲôġ
**ּˣŬѧŸɻ֪ʶ˴ǲһܶԼ벻׵飬һ͸ˡ
Ծˡ
ÿ춼Ⱥû˽ˣЩС̫ˡ
ڣڵϣһж**ڿҪ߳ȺʱͻȻһֱĻʵȺʦѧҩжٸˣ
ãһظ˿յҳ档
һ
**Ÿոտ壬ͱ߳ȥˡ
ûӦ
ȺѾɢˡ
**

272 δ

, ֻһʵҲûϵ, ʵһԽҵСãҵĺһϰİ
**ŷӦ, ԷѾ֮ززˡ
ǽ̵ĶƾʵѧΪԼʲô֯
**Ƶʱ, СѾˡ
ѾЩûгˡ
ûʲôҪĶ, ǳſһӵġ
Χ̵ܶ࣬ĶָĶ, С㿴ʲôϲģҲ, ϾڵѾﵽͲҪǼǮĵزˡ
Ȼ½ģԼϵȴÿ춼е˵ġ
֮ǰЩҩСʳǮ, СȫͶȥ, ȡÿѧУиѩרõѵҡ
Ŀǰµһʣûôġ
С俴һ鱦, ׼ȥʱһӰͻȻײ˹
Էϵʳһ䵽С·ϡ
ÿҲ֪, ǹڵġ
ԡԲ𡣡İ׷Сж͸¶ž֡
ŻŵĿСһۣ, ͸ŻҼ, ҡҲǹġ
ûϵģȥµľˡС˵
, Ǿ, »˾ˡ
⻰ȻԷǲŵġ
Сͷ, ɥǲ֪룬ҡûǮ
ı鼸Ҫ޳ˣã
⣬ûµģȥɡС˵
СЩŵĿС㣬˵Ҫˣҡˣ
ţмܺ棬ѩģСʵ
ǵġС̵ﶼϿǻˣŴȫǺ¡
ѩ岻и԰ձҵС̷ͨӪҺôСº͵
ҵˣûҩ԰ӪҺˡС̵͸ȫǻ̿֡
ǲѧ𣿡С㿴ŵĹһ£Ÿոմ԰
ûǿҪȥģǵʲãȥҲȥͳˣ̫Сˣûʲôù
С̺־ɥԵ·Ӧ㹻Сһ˰ɡ
·ⲻġ
۾־ĿС㣬˵ûǮ
û£˵˲ģߣȥԷС˵ţʹСԱߵĵȥ
ǸպǸʳƷ̣иָӪҺ
С̸С󣬱ŤŤĲҽȥܺԼҪŪ⳥Ǯ
Ҫǽ̫ʱˣ·ģȻΪ˶һˣײһӲײˡ
С̵۾ȫǺ¡
¶͸Ų
С״˵Ļһ⳥Ŷ
⻰ŵСֱӾ˽ȥ
С΢΢ЦЦ˼ӪҺǰ档
˺ܿͰӪҺ˹Сǰƣ˵԰ɡ
С̲ңĿС㣬ûж
СָָԼ·˵ԣǮ
žֵӣϽһڣŵԼȻٳٲʡ
԰ɣѾǮˡС˵
С⻰Сĳȥܶʼʱ̵ס̲סӿ˶
С㿴۵Ŀѵ˵ǲǲܵġ
˵ʵѧսܣҲѧġ
СɻĿСһû˵ĳŶ
ϣƽһôɾ棬ôʳ
õþͺһЩЩš
ģᡣ
С鿴һϵϣС̻治١
ЩСҪ˵ģʱڹѩ峤Ͳͬôˣͳһ͵԰ܽ
ôһһ峤ûиıġ
ٶҲûˣΪҲǺܴġ
ԣЩʲܳΪսʿѩС̣԰ҵֱӳᣬԼˡ
ܲпᣬҲû취
Сѯһ˵Ǻܶġ
ǴǻģڶݵԶǼȥ˵õļ䣬԰ˡ
֡
ССĵĳӪҺԽǳԵ˺棬Խ᲻á
ʪĴ۾һ˿ӵĳһں󣬾нλϲ˵
Сˣ˵Щȥɣˣո˵СˣҸ˻ָҩȥðɡ
ĻŸո˵꣬л˽ˣǸСͶġ
СǩԺֱõķ˰Ѷˣ˳㻹תһ˷ɳǮ
֪Сһ֮ô죬һΪ˸һɳġ
ȥɡС˵꣬׼ȥԼ·ˡ
С𾪵ŰװõӪҺСȥıӰһֱۿת
룬Լʹ

273 ϽĿ

С, ڽʲôû򣬾ͻȥˡ
û, ;ԼòС
˻ϵǮͲԼҪ, Լġ
һһ߻ȥһţͻȻ뵽һ֮ǰԼսĿ
ûԥ, СֱӾ͵㿪ǸսĿϢ, Ȼ˼ˡ
ǿԵ, սĿҪļ˲, ҪĽǮսĿҲ
, СֱӾ͵˱
ҿ̡ĿĹԱյСı֮, ˡ
ȻǼȦսĿ, Ǵû, һյһҩʦı롣
ô濪˲Ƶļ۸񣬾ûһҩʦԸ, 񡭡
ֻҪһ뵽, յɭ̲סҪС
ɿ֮ͨæе, , иҩʦ, 찡, ҵ죬׼һ¡
ǰɣǲǿˣһȺϢ֮æ˹
սĿĴоһҩʦѧͽˣǻ˲֪ٸϵġ
죬ȻǴҩʦ
ԲۣڽĿҪ
ҸоѣΣ⡭
̫ˣ죬ھ޸֮ǰݣжʱ俪ʼģģģȻô죡
ûĸĸģԭǸһڣҵ죬֮ҾȻԿҩʦҵĽĿ
죬Ӱӵ㣬һ£
ͬʱʵҲյ֪ͨЩȥģЩԭʵ͹Ӳϲ
û뵽һսĿȻǺҩʦôĿֱָˡ
һϣ̫˯ˡ
Сյ֪ͨ󣬸ѧУǱ˼١
ڶˣֱӴɳȥ˷ɴǱߡ
ƱʲôĶԷѾˣС㲻ԸⱩ¶ַǻҪ˵ġ
˷ɴ֮Сͳʱ䣬˵顣
ȻǮ׬Ǯˣ۵ģȫǮˡ
ѡĿΪĿǮ࣬ΪҲ˳Ŀһ¹ġ
Ǹ˺Ƥףõģߴ㿪һҩȻ󡭡ȿȣܹǻӮ顣
ɴڼţСѾˡ
ǮǺܶ࣬Ŀǰ˵ֻһġ
ҩ浹ûģ֮ǰĵʱˣպÿֱӰóá
С鶼֮󣬷ɴʱѾõˡ
ܶˡ
С㿴һ۾ջĿ⣬ûκ˹͡
Լú֮Сȥˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ȼ˺üѩսʿ
ɳϡ
СѾڵǱ߹ӣҪƳҩƷ֪ʶԼʵϣȫ͸СͷԷʱˣһ㶼֪
ȫû뵽ôȻҪ²Ʒˡ
ϸĻһ㶼⣬ܾãϰȷ򿪷ʽ
ܺܲ˼飬껹Ŀ
ڵѾܴˣͷѾ˺ü԰Ǳߴġ
˶һݹأ°ʱҲߵģ͸˵ϰʱˣڰõ֮󣬾͵һʱȥˡ
ʱҲյϢ
Բۣǳҩˣҩ
ʲôҶˣתָô͵ļǮɣԲԲԲۣ
̫ˣʲôҶ֧֣
ֻ꣡
ڵڿ²ƷҪߵʱ򣬶ر˷ܣȻÿζҩǾϲеġ
ǵһʮ죬»ҲӶġ
ŸոߵˣҲ½½Ŀ֪ͨÿ˶Сʱ׼ʱ䣬׼ʱ˾
СߣѾĿĵˡ
սĿʵǲֱʽģС㿴˿ʱ䣬磬׼Ϣһˡ
С֮ǰǸҩؽĿˣ׵Ҫ
ǰȥˮʱҴкˣ֪˭ôã̫ˡ
ˣûУȥ飬ҽˣҪʲô
ǱߵģЩˣԣԣǸŪ
ǼһҪΧĻܴŵƸЩսʿҲˣһûְҵڲ٣̲סȥɧ
Щ˵ûУˣˣҲûźãҲûźá
ţĶźˣֻϸڻûá

274 ҩ

һBѩЩꡣ
ʱʱľͻĿת, ôȣ˹
ۿϿεʱҪ, ѩֱߣֻ˺̵ܶʱ, ͵Уſڡ
һֱϿεˣѩҲûС
û˵ֱӴȥˡ
ʱ򣬳ǵǰ, ˵ȥ, ȥμӽĿ, ˸š
˵ȫ𣿡
š˵
˵, ͼСѾʼڲѯĽĿˡ
Ȼ, û, ǾͲ鵽ˡ
ĿڷǳĻ, ûѾ˼ʮڵˡ
ÿ˶ڴŽĿĿ㿪ʼ
ȷСϢ֮, ͸ųȥˡ
ʱСҲѾϽĿʱˡ
ûлţ󷽵λϡ
û뵽, ǽܹˡڿ֮, ǳĿС㡣
ܹҲҵ, Ͼܹô֪ҰСºЦ
˵۾һӸˡ
ԭ̫С, ΪҪûעú׳¡û뵽, Էô, һӰڳԼۿȫˡ
Ǻʴ𻷽ˣСҲûʲôţ֪ⶼ˵ˡ
ͦģ䲻СһʵôСͻôණ˭İ
һӵģࡣ
˶תͷǸŮǡ
һĳŴգգ۾˵ѵûг꣬ĶҶᣬร˵ˣһǸš
Ľͣ粻˵ԽԽڡ
˼ü߳ȥֻͲûֱ˵ЩСģǱ֮󣬰ѹ͸ġ
ֱӻҩʦ֤Լˡ
æ˵Ȼ
ҵʦǻģ̹ҺܶĶС㵭˵
û˵ܶ࣬Ͼ˵Խ࣬©Խ࣬˵һ֮Сû˵ˡ
ʱֱӾͰѻӹȥǱߺ̨ԱҲæĺӵǸŮǡ
ȻֱǾͷǿԿƵġ
ϣԼԺǵЦݶӲһ֡CλС㣬һ˿ʵĹâ
˵ĳ֣Ȼ޹⣬ڽĿ˱ӦԼĿ⡣
΢΢µиһĨɫ
ʱ򣬺̨ԱѾûעϣˡ
ͻƼ¼ˣŸոտʼտսĿͷ˿սĿ΢˻Ҫˡ
̫ˣҸ˵ԺЩҪǵļ¼ûôˡ
ǰݻأϧˣҪ֪ĻβˣͲֹˣ̫ˣ⡭
ˣˣһ£һҪסһһҪסĿǾͺú÷һ£
СʱѾ˵Լ²Ʒˣʵѩ˪ҪɷǻѩգҪǴٽá
ˡˡˡ̺۸ԼӲƤǺܺõģճĻ޸ܣҪȥ춻ӡɫز֢µĺס
С˵ʱѾв̲סȥµˣεʱû⣬εʱٶ⡣
⧲ģǲŴҳ棬ľǿյۡ
ģ
ЩһʹڵȵģʱѾյˣѾڵĻϵɪˡ
˵Ҳ֪̫ˡ
ӵôãһ򿪾е𣿡˳ֱսʿ˵
ҲѾˣ̫ˣƾһߣôһ㡣
һİװǸάAֺɫͬƼֱûʦԼŰһҩЧˡûҾҫģ
һ죬ҫģˡ
Ȯ屻ڵҵһΣȮ岻
ҪˣѾˣûֹǸǰС
ԹˣͿȥ͸оûôˣϲ
ҸоԼʧ˺üڣǿҪ࿪ߣҿԵģ
ԲۣҾȻûϣ̫ˡ
ҩ
ûˣ˵˿˰߼ۣǮ
һƬУС״βμӵսĿ
ĿڽĿ֮󣬼ֱǸ˷ˡ
εļ¼ǿЩʲô϶ˣϾʵʵ
ʵģȫԱ۶ٵˡ
ҪǼѣѾȫˡ
ʱһǳѺõϢˡ
һӣ˵ע

275 ȫȳ

Ǹӿ˵һ, ׵ľͰѱ˵߸ȥˡ
С½ĿûãͿǸϢ
Ǽ#ӿԲ񵽷ǧҩʦŴֻһ#һֱƮš
С˽ȥĿ¡
Ӻϸдԭĳɼ, Լ֮ת䣬һһģԿ˺ܶ˼, ʶűͻķ롣
Ϊ֤ʵԣҩʦ˵ǸС㷢֤ҩʦ֤Сûйȥˣѩõġ
һӵ, ȫǼʻȻ
йСϢ˲ˣĸطĸ׸ƮһйСĸϢ
ǵ۶һߵġ
Ҿ˵, ǸС, ȥ, ԣǱûг, ôô, ҩʦѧͽѧ˶궼
̫, סĵطƫԶĿǰΪֹû򵽹ҩ, ƭ˵İɣӦҪץ
֮ǰ˴, Ǹҩʦ, ҩʦ˴ʼˡ
оƭúòˣ֮ǰҵҷţڱô˵һ£ҺûŰ
ڵСԣԣӦǣǸСԵôô󣬰ȫǼʵ˶ƭ˰
Ҵķʽǲ⣬ôһӵģҩ֪ʳͦóԵġ
ҩʦôҲ֪ǿ۵ģ֮ǰԶûмˣϾҩ֣Ǹ˾ġ
ҲҩʦʲôǹܲţôĨҩʦͲˣͷҶôŬƾʲôһƭӰ
Դҩʦͷ󣬺ĻظǸˣżɵҲѹȥҺܿʧˡ
ֻҪСϢܿľһƬƬĳ
Сǳƽѩûȥҩʦ˵ʱ֪ԾˣЩҲ֮ˡ
ҩʦ˱ϾôˣҪʲô׾ٵˣοԭ֮ǰģ϶ҩʦ˵˵Ǵк顣
֮ǰѾоߵ˶ҩ⣬Լֲⶼ˱ʼǣȻһͨ׶顣
ǵȺΨһһʵҩʦѧͽ**С룬һرͨ׶֡
ֱӴֱ
ֱһӾӿ˺ܶˣģģԵĺܶ࣬ˢµҲܿ죬˵ĻǱȽ϶ġ
С㿴ҲǷˣȷʵˡ
ֱ˵ҺãǸŵҩʦ
һڣͲЦˡ
ȫںģʲô鰡ȷʵȾˡ
ǻûü˵Сһס
ʵҩʦҲһֻʲôţŬȻﲻҲܹѧģһ˵˵ҩҪԼ
С˵꣬͸ӣֱĵĻһ˲ļžȻ󱬷ʽĸԡ
һӵģͷǧ򣬲˭ֻҪֱˣһݡ
ʱѾغ˵ģٵĺ鿪ʼоˡ
ÿ˶æſҩ飬æŴع⣬˵һΣСһδﵽ˴¼¼ƫԶûźŵģû˲֪ʱҩʦ
һӵģǼȫˡ
#ҩʦ齲ҩ#
#˵˵ҩ#
#𾪣ѵ˶ѧϰҩʱ#
#Ǿƭֻǻʱ仯#
˶Ŀ˲䶼ҩ棬Ҳû˹֮ǰЩˡ
ο˼ҲѾó֤֤Լˡ
µȶȻڳϵţСֱ֮ûйˡ
صֱֻ˸Ǳ߹ء
ʱע⵽ˣֱ֮ǰкܶѩΪˣЩûбεĵطѩƿصġ
Զ
һѩսʿͰΧ˵ܲΪ׵ֱ˼ܵԴϣʵû
ߺˡһѩսʿش
ǰֵܲˣЩѩҰˣڹԱܾ֮󣬾ȻֱӾͳ˹
˿ʲô˵ģɪɪڵϣ±Щ˼
˿ҲƵ
صѩսʿǣֱӾȥЩʹĵطֱ˵ˣҲƯ谭ѩͨѶȨ谭ѩϢȨгֵȵȡ
ΨһȽźǣϴ̳ʲôĶû취̷źС㿪ֱ֮ҲͲˣǿֱûãʮڵǾֱˡ
ΪǷ֣СĻǱε
ûãЩ˾ͿסѹκͿˣѣԼѵĵʮ#οҩʦ#ʱ˵Ŀⶼҩϣû޴ķ
ЩȻˡ

276 ڰ˫

ҩʦ˵ʱҲѾһݡ˵˵ҩ, ڿ֮󣬾òС
ⱾѧĻֱӴʲôᣬŵҩʦҵˡ
̶ֳȵ, չĻѧ붼Ҫʮ꣬ôس, ġ
̫ˣǸ˭Ȼҩʦˡ
ʱ, ҩʦ˵и߲㶼ˡ
ôÿҩʦǰҩ֮ģȡ˾, ϸƷһʲôѧ
˰Ķȫ˵˳, ɶ, ˵ñԼĻҪס
ôҪ˵Ǽٵ, Ҳ, ô˶, Ǹû취գҾ˵ٵ, ҲҩʦѧͽȥԵġ˵üͷ
һ, û뵽, ˣλҪסˡ
̫ˣôһûС̶ʲôҲ֪ҩʦҲŭģڶȼٵģյϢ֮Ϲˡ
λõǸͷ˵ˣȱˣҪһİ취С
Ǽ巢鲻ܿ·һ̽ʵ
вͨȥû£˻ῴģֻһĸʶУǧǿǿѹ֮ǰ⼸ʮڿˣԼȫǼʼһݵڣвͨ
ȻѹУǾͨѩҩʦĹףȻѧϰ֮飬ֻҪû취֣ȶȻˡ˺ܾú˵
ҩʦһ߳ŭĻкڰǵ˫ӡ
ʱˡ
յϢΪ˸ӽӽǸˣű˰ԼŹȥˡ
յĹԱħ̣ˣû˵ں̨˸ӰǸˡ
ҪǽϾͱ˽Ŀǻŵܸܵһÿġ
뵽ȫ̶ľòС
ıУ͸һа⻪ֻ˱
Щ˻˰ɡ˵꣬˾ˡ
һͬа˿ںƣ˵磬ҪȥǱߡ
Ŀŵܵܣ˵
ˣѩըģǱ߻ǣûˣǹȥҲ׾ٵ顣
аɣҲȥ

277 ΢Դ

, 硣
, ƵĴУ԰ľ
С, ˫ֵԺ, 峺۾͸ͷҡҷ֦Ҷ, ˸շ
ʱæ͸ˣɹҲеģе鶼½½İš
ʲôڱ仯, Ψһûб仯ģһȱǮ
ѩһֱĴоս͵ЩʺսСѩ, һעزˡ
ǣС˸󵨵뷨
ǾԼǮȥһרŸսѩѧϰѧУ
ʦ뷨, ÿĻóĶ, ̾ͺˡ
ĶҲ뵽λ, ȱǮ
СţͻȻ͸оͷһӰ, ̧ͷȥǸİˡ
òС
վߵ˫̥ꡣ
һģһ߹Į, ȫǲаСע⵽, ǵϴرֻ
ʲô𣿡Сʵ
ͬѧ, , ܴȥһ°칫𣿡΢Цע
ҪȥԼȥ
īԱߵ, ᣬĿᡣ
ͣôС𣿡סЩĸ磬һ˿׾ĳŪɲð
ī۾䣬Ԩ˵ǵĴԶһ㡣
սһ
紵ڷħȻ΢Цţȴûʲô¶ȡ
ѩīϵһ㶼û䣬վСǰ棬벽ˡ
ʱҲˣڽѧ¥ǱһС㣬ˡ
еΣϢôŨһ֪ôˣɫĿħ塣
С㿴ǵӣʣѵǴ򿪹ԵͼҲ𣿡
ϵı˲佩Ӳˡ
ǿôףһ㶼·С㣬кڵ
Ӧ֪ˡ
ԻԸṩһܼİæȻ˳µһЩ鱦Σѵġ
ǡ
ܰսĿɿչĴԣôְܻʾ롣
ɫӵĻ࿴һۡ
ˡ
Сʱ˿ʱ䣬Ҳؽˡ
һתͷͿѩĶš
īЦһ˵Ҳôʲô
£ǰ༶Լ顣
ĬͬĿţ͸ɱ
̵βͼװĻСĽţûȱڲˡ
С㿴ǣ˵ȥ𣿡
ȥ˵꣬תˡ
īȥӰһе㲻ĵȥѵҡ
ҶӴݵϵҡҷ

278 ĳֳ

Ӱ, ˫ӿߵӰ, ϧû, , ҪǵĴ, Ҳֻῴøϡ
ˣȻе鷳Ǳ߸ԸʺŶԡĮ˵
Ҳ, ߰ɣȻȥ
£˫Ӻڷ, ţǵӰ, һǳĽɫ
һ, ҩʦڷ֮, һֱڵˡ
û뵽յĻظȻǾܾġ
׷ҧгʹ޵, ʵ̫ƻˣСС;Ͳѧõġ
ô죿һҩʦʵ
Ȱ֮ǰʰɾЩҵѱ˵˵꣬תȥԼĵ̡
Ӧһ֮ȥ, ûע⵽ñӵֶš
û, ϾаƤ, ˵֮ǰЩӶŮΪҲҩʦ, ˼츳Լûжġ
󾭼͹˾Ҳͬ, ɱˣӴԺҲڹҰ档
һжô졣
֮ҩʦĿ⸴ӵĿС
츳ҩʦȻѩǱ߳ģǿˣǱ߳ҩʦţҲעҪġ
Ҫ츳ͺˡ
ҡҡͷȥˡ
ݵԭСĿγ̱Ƚġ
ڣսΣԼһоʦṩѾ˵ĳ塣
֮ǰҲдʲôģȫûˣ˵ҪԣϱṩĲС
С֪ΪԼİȫǣҲû˵ʲôϾⷽ棬ʦǸӾḻģɲһСİԼˡ
Ϸŵĳ岢һֻģһ׳ĳȡ
Сѯϣ֪ͽϴͷؼ׳ԲΣԵϸǰ벿խں벿¡𣬲Ե¡ߣԵƽֱ׳
˽֮󣬾˺о
оķ򣬿˵ǷǳıˣǾʳķ
Ϊһ̬ʮսıз
һ⣬м֮󣬷ȷʵкܶ岻õʡ
СȼһƾƣȻʵ顣
ǣз100ʱзкʾͻֽ⣬ʮ֮кʾȫʧˡ
Ϊ˽С㻹˺ܶʵ飬**ʵ飬Сһ鶼ûС
ٴβͬļ⣬ǿʳõġ
СЦˡ
բзѩػĵϣѾĳˡ
ʱŵˣ

279 з

û˵, Сߴ򱨸ˡ
Ͼǹѩ, Ҳûʲô˼Լ͵͵, Ǵ峤ǸоѳԲ, һֻբз©ˡ
˷ӦҲܿ, յСʵ鱨棬Լݹȥբз֮Ѹٿʼжˡ
峤׿, ˵ôܳ𣿡
СԴ͹һȫʳáѩսʿ˵
Ǿ, սʿԺֱӰѴբзţٷˡ峤˵
ϵ۾ӹƿ, ˵Ҫʲô𣿡
˵ϣܹǮ, 輼ѧԺ, ΪûսѩС̡
Ǹúӣȥɡ峤˵
ǡ
֮, ѩսʿǣͿʼжˡ
Ϣһ㴫ȥ͵ÿѩսʿĹС
ռʬ壿ԵǲУһոսսѩսʿЩɻ
ٿ֮, ͳĬ˳ʬˡ
ܳ, н, ɵ˲Żγʬ, ԼսƷ֮, ̧ͷΧսǣҲĬĬš
ͬʱԵϣѾٵĽѩբзʳ
һһĳբзʼ˽ȥȻʱѾբзȣբзƤзззƶ
ȳԵľѩսʿˣǾķ֣ԭʬʳôζ
һӵģǼѧԺЩСˡ
˵ˣǼеʳǵСԷģСãЩڰ޳ܵѩƭƭȡ
һѩսʿϵзƣŴբз޴ʬ壬зȣ֪ǰЩͲ˷ˡ
첻азŪˣ˷ѰԺҪ׼һСһϢѩսʿźʵз˵
ţȷʵ˷ˣֻ̫ѴˣƷܶ໻Ǯѩսʿ˵
һֱȻս壬滹ܶġ
廹ôĲԺǾͿȥԼˡҪǣ淢ˣȹʽӪ󣬲࣬ӣ;
㵽ʱҲûϵǮˣǴʱ򣬾ͲôСˡ
紵أѩսʿǻվŻŻųբзеĳСʳ

280 ֱ

ڶ͹ޡ
ػڱϵѩĹ, ϱߵСѾʳɵС, ѾʵòҪҪˡ
ǿС, ֻڱԵǿţ̫ˡ
Сյõ֮Ĳѯһ, ȥһ, Ĭˡ
޵ţУҸ˶죬ϵΣյ, ѱǼ籣רΪȫǼһΣ֡
ĬĬĿţ, гһܳķӡ
ǣ챱ϵѩҲѾڿ칤ˣһֻֻţ޽ȥ, ȫǸɹţܡݽţܡɹţܡţܡţܡţܡţܡţܡ
ѩսʿǣȫæµս, Լ׬㻨Ǯˡ
Ҫ֪, ǰȻѩսʿҲںЩЩƴǻǰ빤ʣȫ岦, õĻֻѩһ壬Ҫж, ûеġ
ѩ峤˵, ץսƷÿսʿз, ȥ˾ܹյǮ
ˣѩսʿǶڳ޵ǿǰģûˣץˡ
õĶȫСĵģһС㱾Ǵɶġ
Ϊ˴ﵽõƹãСǷֱ֪ͨġ
ֱ֪ͨһȥ˾ըˡ
ѩҪֱˣǡףҪµҩǳԵģ
ǳԵģȥ˺öʳҪǡϵкϵУ
ԲۣԲۣ
ҵѾкܶʺˣЩܳΪʲôôͻȻϸ룬λ顣
ôҪֵ֧ģѾµˣлĿգ
Ҳǣ˺öҩʦ֤û걻Ѿõҩʦ֤ˣܱ˳ԲԣҲܲܳԣˡ
˰ˣұҵսԵģ˳ϵеբзѾԵͣˡ
붥һҲǣΪ֧ȫҵܵܳԣǸոΪ˭һˣҵܵҲڷµ
ԶֵӦûţȻЩǲԼԵģҾͷˡ
¥ϱˣһǵĿԶأ
ն񰡣ҾԲϵˡ
¥ϵ̫ˣһǸҪԼأ



ȥ۳һŵʱСѾֱ
Һá
С򵥵Ĵ˸к󣬾ͰѸʳóϣЦ˵ҽҪܵ³ʳբзϵкţϵУʲôζĶŶ
ֱĹۿڲͣţ˽ֱ䡣
壿ޣ죬ѩʲôԵ𣿡
ԣѾҵıսǸ㹱۶ˣԼҲģȫȥιǣ
⡢Щܳѩǲˣ
֧
ѼܲܳԣҶˣģȫιҵսС飡
ңңˢӰģ
Ҳ԰ôܳأ
ѩСɵӣҪЩܳԣҾֱҩƿ
ѡ
ϵеĻƮС㿴һۣʵûˣסĻˣԾͰѵĻˡ
˵ЩݣǵĲƷûġ
Ļϣܿľͷ˸ּݣÿҲһӵʱ䣬ʱ乻ǿˣûĻֱӴġ
֪塢ǲȡӪҩģкɷ֣ǲеģֱǺ֣
һҩʦ˵ֱӵˮףըĻ̻̻ɢֱ˶λ
ǣԵȫʼ׷ˡ
˹עĵ㲻һҩʦԼˣΪעĻѩߵ
һֱѩڵطرһҪսϲţ͸˺ܶ˻ˡ
ѩǱߣȻתƱơ
ЩĿʳõĻôѩԺľȫһˣô꣬ǶѩĴѹҲܹɵı
ûгȨζˣҲóġ
һʱ䣬ҩʦ˵ԼЩˣȫֱ淢˷Ե˻ߵķǳˮըˢţҪ֪Щǲʳõġ
СûЩˣΪʡ鷳Ѵϵͳˡ
֪ǰûгֹģҪźѣûϵ˿ͷͺðˡ
Ϊ˽ֱҰѧУС鶼ˣһԣֱСҪҲԵĻҲԿһģϵͳͳȥһݡ
С΢Цţϵз⡣
ӨзǳһۿȥǺܺóԵ֣Сҧһڣ˵ܺóԣʣҧ
ҧһڣԵչĹĵģûεĻˣ˲俴ĻȫǲҵĽ
ס찡ԣȥҽԺˣȫ׼һ£
ˣǰû˳ԹԼЦ
Ҫˣҵ
ۣҸо³һѪԣ
ҪأҲ˶
塢ޣЩܳԵİ
ܳ˭ȥǿдȥһ°ұˣֻʲôʱ򵽰
찡ЩӣˣȾӻô࡭
СʱѾֻһζˣִ˸зƵʳӡ
зͣзһȥֱòˡ
СôԺܲ˵ľǸèսʿˡ
ֱл棬ͬζͿڸеģèʵջ󣬷׷˵
ЩԵƷһ֮Ҳ˺ֻܶ࣬ǵļڼַţҶʵÿҪҲͷζˡ
ӿɶǣʱǽҲҲǡ
ֱϵͳÿʳﶼֻܳһεģҪƷĻҪµġ
һʱ䣬ܶ˳Ĭˡ
Եر㣬ʵ챾Ҫ״ģû뵽¡
ԴբзٶȷǳĿ죬û˺Ҳٶȣڷֱתߵʱ򣬿绹һ´բзĴȣ˵ܺóԣһͷҪ¼ȥԡ
͵ܵܿǰҲ˸ʳǺͿĲһǿ֢ϲģǸôĴբзͱһ˸ˣֵϲֿζġ
Ѿ˺ܶˣҪԸࡣ
ģǰĴբзܴһҧȥ㡣
ѩС̣ͬǰĸֿζʳԵ㣬һ껹ԡ
īҲģʼʱǻ۶֭ţʳ£ЩԵβͶˡ
ĻǳսʿˣһȺԵУƵˡ
ѩսʿĿСǣͷʱŴբз⣬ͷƿʱǷ׷׵ͷԡ
˫ǿйŵģպˣһˡ
һٷԼĶͼԵøһ㣬ʵеľٶǳʵ뷨
ʱҪٲ֪òóԣǾͰ׳ôˡ
ġͦóԵġ
ҾãǷǳŽĲŶԣԣΪ˿ȸС飬Ӧֵ֧ġ
ҾԲΪԵģǿħ壬ʵǺܺ棬Щ޵ļһôͳԵôˣһ㶼ϵӡ
Ҷˣݻ˻ûе
ЩҾͻعµţˣ˵ǵ˶٣
ܳò˵ԼʳȥҽԺųԣûڶֱˮ
ͻȻܵʲôɥĲЩ쵰֮ǰͽǱԼѻɨˣ
ǰЩ˵ʲôҪֱʲôأǲЩڸɵģ
Īǹҩʦˣ
Īǹĵˣ
һֱæŹƷһûµ

281 ³

ʼʱ, ǺųЩʳ, ֻһЩʮְʳŵ̵˻
, ڿ, ˳Բ֮ǿʼˡ
˵Ե, ǻڵȴš
Сʳһҹ֮䱬ˡ
ͲηĵĴ, ֱЩ˾Ѿ, Ļ৵ˢ
СһЧ, Ϳ֡
˵Ļ, ǰƱըһƬȥȫĻǡ
ҲͦϲİС˵䣬Ͱֱˡ
ϻǣ
̫ˣб³Բ, б°ѻȫ˰
ʱֱѾˣתս
#ʳ, ֻ㲻, û#
#һǣϵʳ#
#ֱһֻբз, 볢Ҷ#
#, ʳóԵ#
һʱ, ȫǼĻ, ǳԵˣЩʳ
һַһˡ
ѩ彫ĵ㿪ϵӣ£ǵĽ
Щ꣬ѩ̫ˣҪʲôûʲôҲû취Ͼ츳ֻ񣬳ԲҲ
ھƿǸıˣֻҪһֱôȥѩܹܿ߳ˡ
Ͼ壬ɱޣһֱó鰡
ϵۻҪӴȣ˶Եѩزʳ
̬ڻϣĿᵭȻ
ǱߵԼҩʦǱ߶Ҫ֡һѩսʿ˵
Ѵӡõļŵ˽ϣȻ˵һߡ
ѩ彫ֻɨһۣͺļʲôûаǿӵߣӲźˣռˡ
Цһûм˵ȥ
ʱһ˵֮ǰȱҩԭȥأϳˣ˼ˡ
ζСԣȻǵȵܼҪǳʣʱĵĲϸѩǻһ
ˣҪǶˣֱӳϳֻһҶģЩ꣬ǿ˲սʿġ
ں˰սʿսǰˣ˵һɱ嶼ԼһװˣСǶˡ
ѩи߲˵ʱսʿҲѾִѩڵĵطˡ
һԵǣͿʼĲɱ壬ֱһǹǵԴϡ
ѩĵ̣˽Խһ˰ɡһѩսʿ˵
ǲæġΪ׵˵
ѩ岻ҪæѾΥǼʷˣ߰ɣǸԸǿбߣ
ѩսʿһ㶼ӵĿţܿģЩ˾ȫˡ
ʱϻһһı¿ʳ
ԭ˴󲿷˶֪ζ⣬ǻĵкʳܹǿս
ڽ۳һ̣˶ʳ֮𣬾ļ۸񣬼ҼһԵ𰡣
ϵ˵ӣȻųȥʳ
#ǿСʳܹǿս²#
¥ǴóݣúõĴϣҪ֣úõȥҩġ
εо֮ҷ֣ϵеʳȻкܸߵӪɷ֣Ҷǳá
Ҳš
Ǽʵȥ֣ȻڳڵʳУܹǿս
ʵ1ϡʵ2ϡʵ3ϡ
ʵ̫־ϲԽˡ
ǣֶصʵ飬ûʹǳεʵҲǲĵġ
ûĿģҪúõȥҩǴҪҵƷȱݵġ

ҵͬĽ
ʳ⣬ͬǿսá
ˡ
ʵҵʦΪιڻǰֹӦ˵ʵݺͳģ
1¥Ц˶
2¥ȭ󲽱ܣݰˣҪΪǿ
3¥û£һµĺ¥
4¥ҸоҴһڣԭĴ˰̾Ȼһֱǿյ״̬
5¥ħԵĿҲû򵽡
6¥ЦˣЦЦžͿˣҲû򵽣ȥѩǱ߻üµġ
7¥⣬ϢѩǱѾϣ룬ӴԺûһֻ޿ˣϾ򼸰ǰѩûŹһֻ޻ǡޣͻȻԱˡ
8¥ͻȻӡ
9¥ҿӣ޵úôѩԮʱ峤ܾˡ
10¥ԲۣҲһûͷô

111112¥Īģ˭ѩǱÿСʱһΣһζû֡
111113¥л¥
111114¥ҿȥѩǱ⿪ͨԭȲҲԼѾˡ

777779¥ݣô¥´˽ваҪô֮ͥ·ϣ˵ˣҼȥˡ
777780¥ϢȫǼʸѩ嶼ִˣǶԵǹȥˣǱ߻ˣֵǣʱŹȥˣ
777781¥ԲۣЩڣһӱˡ
ڲţϵ˽ϵ˳ȥ
СѾæŽѧУˡ
Ǵ㽨ۺѧУģѧƱȽȫѧģ󡢿ʵǿۺʵǿĸߵѧ
ճѩսγҲᰲţҪģǸ͵ģԲͨһҪᣬѧƺܡġܡҽũ֡áѧ࣬ԼʲôȤѧʲôѧơ
ǵѩֻṩڵѧУȽ辭ѣСֱӰµȥˡ
һӰԲѩѧУ⣬ЩѧУ֮ǰѧУҲˡ
κһѩС̣԰ҵ󣬶ܵѽڼѧУסǳ󷵻ʳѺס޷ѡ
£˫ӰĿС㡣
Ѿܾˣûбͷһۡ
СǼȥһطȻּȥһطǻǵһҩʦ¶ҪΪѧˡ
ǰĸţһﶼӦ飬鱦ʲôġ
ţͻȻоһӰ¡
ǰ·˸סˡ
AѩīˣұB༶ѩȫࡣ
ǣаɣ֪ˡĵĴ߹һЦݡ
ͬ¶żЦ
˫֮ABѩǣֿʼɱˡ
£˫š
ҿɲǣѩĴԡī
Ŀ˵ǰ༶ġ
˫۾һУһԲϾʹˡ

282 ΢ϣ

˫òɿ
īڲݵ, ΢΢һĻ, Ҳˡ
˴˱˴ˡ
鲻, ۿŶԷ
ʱ, СѾתˣ˫̹Ծķֿ
ī̧С, ȻİǹһĨڱصõĻȡ
Ĵ, ӦҪAġ
һ仰, B༶˶ŭˡ
ŭī, һ˲ǲ, AĴԿɱȲǵġ
ʱֽ
СʱѾˣѩʻϣ΢΢ЦЦܾСǱˡ
ABѩǣΪС߽, Ļѹš
߰дüҡ
̧ͷʱ򣬾ͼŻĿȸܵСǱȥˡ
Ƕʱͣ, ضſȸ
ǵ, ֯, ˺ܶĴԡ˵, ͻȻоһĪֲȻ֮, ĵ
ǿҵ汾¾Ĵ, Ȼһת۾ͿǱѩǡ
ˣôое䡣ƾǿ־ɢ˱ܣȻҲתͷһĿ¶׹ѩˡ
ȸʱͷƤըѣ΢΢Ӳˡ
Сԣתͷȥ
£ѩͦΣݵȻгĿߣΪСעӣǻ΢΢ЦЦ
Ȼ
СĿһߣǾһֻֻΣյˣĿעɪɪĿȸꡣ
ˣȻѾ֪ͨˣǾȻȥˡ˵ŵܵܿɱȥˡ
С㣺
ܵ죬󶼻ҳˡ
1314510
ѩС̶ڽǣ֣ɫֲ̿
ѩ¶˵һС鶼첻ãǶˡ
ǻȥġһѩС˵
ˣǾͿȥģҪңܻ𣿡ѩĿѩС̣ﲻ־ҪǻԭǸѧУòЩˡ
˵꣬ѩתͷˡ
֮󣬱ߺ˵ѩС̣һֲ̿̽ͷȻѸ˳ȥ
ʱһطܳһѩС̣Ϊ̫ܵ죬ײһ
˫ûз
Ĭĵ˵ϣȻѸٿһۣ
ôǸܹѩ̼ͬˣʱ˵ѧУˣδС̶ԽȥѧϰԺǲȥˡ
𣿡
ȻϢС̣˶סˡ
һΪ⾪ĺϢˣһΨǼϢνǸӼˡ
ģǿȥԱɡ˵ѩ˵ҲܶԷвУͳ֮ǰĿĵȥˡ
ֻһ۵ѩսʿйԣȥֻ˻ԽԽˡ
ѩС̼ˣʶҲˡ
ǲģǡ
ǻǺҪȥġ
ܹȥʱһѾΧ˲ٵѩСˡ
ǶǴ԰ҵ֮󣬾Ϳʼģܣˣÿҵʱ򣬻˲ٵС̵ģϾô࣬ʳͲˣοΪصġ
û˻ǣֻҪڴϣÿ̶ĬĬġ
˶ϧĻᡣ
ڱ˵һѧĻѣ˵ȴʵʵڵĸıˣǡ
ı
죬ˡ
𼷣𼷣źö顣
ҺýţҵУ֪ܱܲѡϡ
˵һѩСѾȥѧУˣ߻᲻Ҳа
ԵǱѾʼˣӦûһ㡣
ܹȥ𣿡
ҲǣҲǣ֪ѧУĻгԵ𣿡
һѩС˵ţǵڴֵģһ˫˫ѵ۾΢Сϣ
紵ѩսʿİ׷ЩֻϥǸһѩСǣиź
һǰиոմ԰ҵСΪ˻ȥȥμ̽
̽նӻʱ˵Сȥˡ
ǺǷ֣ǸѩСʹͼȿֻʹȥġ
䵽ҽѩС̣ĿԼɵеʧˣһ̣һ˹¶ʹȥ
û˰Ҳûܹ鵽ʱСž޴ʹ;
ѩսʿ˱۾ſʱ۾ȫΧϣֵֻ̿ѩСǣǵЦ͸СԼĿ
紵ƾɵĽ䣬ѩսʿ˵ĺˣ֪ͨѾ˵ˣÿѩС̶ܹȥġ
һ˲䣬ѩС̵۾ˣЦݲã˷ܵü

283 ӿ

ѩĶ˶עš
Ĳ˵, ʹǳһҩʦ֮, һжһˡ
ȸ峤ע⵽ѩı仯ģЩС, Դӳȥ, ûĻġ
Щʲô£Ҳû˵ʲôˡ
ЩСǵë, ѩȻһġ
ʼΪȺķչΪҩʦ, ĺܲһ
Ȼʱ, ˵Ѿܴ, һЩǿ츳, ǻвͨ˵ġ
ѩҩʦҩ֮ʶķСǺѩһ棬Ǻǵġ
ѩǲ˰峤Щź˵
Ǿסĵطѩ̫ԶˣǱҲûжپС̣Ҫʹϵ, Ҳûôס
οǰЩѩͲýӽˣ͸˵ˡ
Ȯ峤Ҳǲ, ѩ, Щ˾͸˵, Щ鶼ǳġ
Ŀ, ˵, 겻Զ˰, ϴβŸոսš
Ҳе㵣ģϾѩЩ֪ͨģǰ͡Ҫǵʱ򲻺ãȴСתȥȻǴܣȵù
Ӧòɣ峤һ£˵ҪǴɲǶ𣿡
˭֪ء
֮ǰѩ벻ڸֳ˲СĿڿɲһˡǮ˵
ʵҪ˵򲻴ģЩûϵܵӰȴġ
ڽ峤ЩĬĿţЩҶףҲʱˡ
ѩ岻ԶڳԿǰãҩȸѹţڻñ˰ѿˣȻǲܵġ
ǲ֪ҩʦʲô̬ˣϴЩ˸ǲٺôھֲһˡ
һѩǸСԣŶãͻ쵽ͷҩʦǱҲһѪˣϾȫǼʣǧ
˵⻰Ǿβ峤ҲΨһҩʦüˡ
ߣǿ¡
ƻ峤ɫЩˣȻǵսҲǷǳǿģǺı˾Ͳ࣬˵ˡ
뵽Լ֮ǰ͵ĺУһѪˣö˶˵һŵĲֵǸʲôԣҲ룬һƻģ˼һѩģܸ
οǴԵϢһ֪Ǹֵ
֪ԼĴȲ˼ҵˡ
ż峤˵˵飬ҪԤŽܷ顣
ѩʱѾ֪ԼЩѩС˵顣
ɫһƬ
֮ǰǼ֮ʰһ£ͷͶȥˡ
Ǳ߸涼ġ
ҲʲôջûеģǱߵ˵ˣֻҪʾѩΣǼʵıܹصˡ
Ȼˣһúøɵġѩ˵
𣿻Ϊ㷴ˡ˵˸߸ϵĿһѩΣͦƲִԵģڻõѡ
ȻûУҲԶŵˣοЩѩֿԵģͱûʲôϵ˵˵飬һġ
ѩθϽ˵ţصΨһˣŹġ
Щ֪Ҫ֪Ļ㶮ġһɱڵƣ۾ȫĹ⡣
֪û˵ֻǴϢģû뵽ˣûϵԻȥһ֤ݷŵѩǱȥģʱǾԵġ
ѩ˵һ棬֮ǰЩ˾˵ˣֻҪѩ壬ҲܹΪһЩѩصġ
ȻѩһҲһԶġ
ЩǺܿصġ
ȻǾ˵ˣȥɡ˵
š
СʱѾ֮ǰ԰ˡ
ʱ䶼ûйҲ֪Сһôˡ
ŽţСͿ˹ԱԹĿ⡣
ôˣСʵ
ˣû£ȥɣͦġԱ˵
ǰС̣ǴϹͷһģȫ̣ԴСԹ֮ЩС̾ͱˡ
ǿʼڴãЩһѾҲ֪ô˵
رģܹЩСǱˣ˵˵֡
ڣЩСڿСԹʱȻѵĶһ㶼ûңǵȫˡ
ˣװˣˣϢԱѵеС˵
һ˲ѵϵëСȫСȿ񱼶

284 ڴе

СصСȳС㱼š
СС, һӾͳ嵽СĻ
Сϵζ, õģûб˵, ֻ, СҸĶ˶䣬۾òҪҪġ
ڶֻûС̷, С㷢˺
۾ŨҵСĽűȥ, ռλá
ŵļֻС̴ؾ͵һ, һĪܸ߳¶СƤ, ڴĿС㡣
С̿ǰС, ֳһƬĬȻĬǺܶݵģΪôʱ䣬Ѿѧ˸ԵС
гСġ
жСȵġ
¶צ֤Լܸɵġ
żչʾԼĻġ
С
ʲôĶУùԱֱӶĬˡ
ζһⶼûУҪ, һ԰ѩС̶˸ˡ
תͷѾǸΧ˵С㣬˵, ǱΪĶҪ㡣
ֻѩС̵, ҲС̡
ڵЩ԰֮ǰߺö, ֲ֮ռ, ¾ͱС̷ˡ
ûмô׺ݵС, һӵ, һ֮ͳȥˡ
ҲԼһֻԷôС̡
ҲǷŭŭֱӰطС̸гˣ£ߵС̾ʹ
Ƕͺ˺üëȻԷҲûռʲôˣͷǸҧˡ
ʼʱǲġ
ѩĽУǲֵõģıȵõģҪ̫ˡ
һֱǵãǸصѩС̣ʱ˫ʪ۾ȴĵط
һ̣ˡ
ҪҲֻ֪Сж˵Ƕ᲻¿ҧǾԲñлһµġ
죬ȫСǶˡ
ֺЦİǸ˻ȥ
ЩС̣ڶźһ㣬ſ˲ٳǸˣһװɹ̫ӡ
ЩҪкüڵСֹ̣Լ԰ȥˡ
ûѵͳҪһƤëû䣬ҶɣǲǽȮСˡԱ˵
СʱһֻС̣һֻëޣЦ̫ˣҲ˺ܶʳ
С⻰ʱһ˫˫۾
ĿС㡭

285 Ҹ

Сشȫǳϵкϵеʳ, ûбԭ, 
ֻҪǳԵ̫ˣǶûġ
СĿⷢĿСȻҲûС˼, Ͱʳóˡ
ǣһѡʳС, ΪǸóԵʳ, ݸС㡣
͸۵ĿС㣬Сڴ
С΢΢ЦЦ˵лл
һӵģСϵˣȫ¶͸Żϲ
С̼, Ҳѧ
Сۼֿİס˵ڶС̵Դ˵Ҹϲǳԡ
ʳС̣СЦʱסˣһ˿ˡ
һֻֻСŶ飬ǻϲ, ϸϸĹ⡣
ʱ, ľһƬĳˡ
СǳԱ㣬Сˣš
һ, СֻС̾ͷİ˵ζ
ֻ±һ˲, ʹСĻŷվ, ķ򷢳вĺ
ͷһֱۣһָС̸Ʒˡ
С̵ڵϣ˦˦ԴҪվֱһָˡ
ء
Сű֮ǰҪٶȫëըˣԼǿ׳
˵ôС˰ɡ
Ļ£ͱС׷ҧˡ
СЦ˵ˣ۸԰Сˡ
վڹӰм䣬С̼ͣˣһӾҧ˿ȣһ㶼ںС㣬˵á
棬ѩѾռƻѩߵķɴˡ
û뵽Լųȥôһʱ䣬ȻҪˣãػҲǰġ
ɴǺӲãǾɫ˳˼
һأΨһһλˡ
Ҫǳɹˣܹ͵ĻصˣӴҪʲôʲôںܾԶԺΪΨһһѩ档
ûʧܣȴǵʧܡ
ĺܶ˶ˣЩҲܿѩ巢չġ
ҲǱˣԣһ㶼ھεġ
οпԵġ
ĸ׻ȥȣĸҲڼ棬ֻҪɹˣǡ
뵽ѩκݺݵı۾
ǵʱˣԼܹصӦҲǻΪ˰ɡ
ϾҸҪİ

286 ζ

ͬʱ, ȫǼʵѩ̶Ѿյ֪ͨˡ
ֻҪȥѧУ, ͿԿʼѧϰҸõĻȥˡ
ԭϣѩͣͣ, ʱѾҪˡ
ԽԽ󣬱, ͻȻ, ȥڳһƬ
ľֲ֦Ҷ紵ҺҡڣѩСһӾˣǰȿţҪѰĵط
ϵԽԽ, 硣
ʱһ㶼£ֻҵĵطϾҪĻǾͲˡ
ˮܿˣԽԽ
˺һǲҵܹ, ڼ˰ȫ֮, ѩС̺ܿͽȥˡ
꣬Ȼڰ, Ǻöˡ
ѩС̻ϵë, ϣ, ϲôܡ
Ǳ֮ǰģϢ֮󣬾ʹ㴩ԭȥѩۺѧУˡ
ֻҪ죬͵ˣ֪Ǳߡ׵С۾елϲ
Եģǹȥ֪ˡ곤С̿۾˵
ΪСôţ׵СһӾЦˣſڵϣȴ
ûôһ̣ϣġ
һߣƾɽ䡣
ֻѩС̻༷ڽ꣬ȻùУȴû顣
Ȼб氲ȫһ㣬Ҳһѣ֮ǰиС̶ݵȥѰʳʱˣҪܵÿ죬˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô顣
ưõĴŷ紵СǶصĵطоŴѧԺķȫϣĹâ
һ򣬾ۺѧУĵط
ʮѩ̿źҹʶӰһ·ܵίһӾͶӵֱڵĳҧȥ
Ƕݺݵ룬Ҫ۸ǣѧУѩսʿҲ᲻ܵġ
˱ЩСǸ⧲һ·û۸ǵģֻΪЩѩ̾Ǹļͷ
û뵽ǻиɷʱӣҲˣúõĽѵһЩѩСǣֱӾĺҹˡ
һ˼ɶûеģ׼ֻѩС̳ȥҪݺݵıһµģ˻ûеǰԼȱ˸߷ˡ
ڵ̧ͷȥ׼ݵġ
һӣŭͿ˺ԭҪгֱӾͱɢˡ
ģѩսʿ
ѩսʿûˣҲ⣬Ŀɨ֮󣬾ͳЩС˵߰ɣȥѧУ
ءСǻϲæˡ

287 һС

ѩѩ֮, Ϳʼˡ
ݻ, ȻǲٻصAģֻȥǰܿϵİ༶¿ʼ
Щ鶼ǲҪģλҲΪ߶, ЩиҪҪ
ѩĿű༭һĹ, Լļ, ԼҩʦǱṩϢһ£͵档
ûãըˡ
йѩϢǼѣұԽԽ֪
Ǽٵİɣ˭һô, Ҿ˯һȫ綼ˡ
ǰɣҲţ̫ˣҪѩԼ˵
Ҿ˵ǸСôСô쵽ҩʦһ˵ģԭôҩʦѩѹܹóôҩ, 鶼ҩʦ˵ĳɹ
̫, ҾûģҲʲôӢ, ȻҲ±ͬ¸, ĶҲԼġ
ѩ, һ
涥ţ֮ǰжôϲѩҩʦжô
֮½½ģҩʦʼˡ
ʼʱһȳҩʦܲɷãǼеҩʦˣбѹģйֵ֧ġ
һӾըˡ
ѹ֮ǰҩʦ˶ѩǸӣ˽һûٶҩʦвš
ͷȻôӵ壬ѵǵûз𣿡
̫ˣԸҩ𣿡
£
ѩǸ
ʲôʱˣΪ²ᱻ˷֣Ӧ˵ģǿҪѩ壡
һܻӣһҩʦѧͽġ
һѩսʿĴѹŶţ˳ŶŵĸϢ󣬷ȷʵһѩսʿĹԷ͵ģǷ׷׷ĳ
ѽ𣿲ѩҩʹϼҵ֡
ѩҺˣ˺
Ȼѩ⿴ôʵǸô
޼ɵĵ٩ţôô
ѩһϢڻӦţϵЩ治ǵǿЧ΢
峤׷ǳƽЩ꣬ѩϵ飬ֹЩ
Ҫˣôô˵
ǡѩսʿ˵
˴ͷԽԽ࣬ѩ屾ʵǿΪˡ
ѩҲù汻˰ĸƻ
ʶӣڵѩ壬Сĵ̣ܵشӰ죬۶㡣
СʱҲѾϢˡ
ڵһʱ䣬Ͱص͵ϡ
ʱ򣬱ѶڵһģһľⷢѩȺӡ
С鿴һ£һľһͨҩʦѧͽѧ˺ܶ궼ûʲôɼ֣Ϊεѩ¼һӾͻȫǼˡ
һľµĿţôѩѹեõĳƷˣЩһֱĵģûŪãͱˡ
С㿴ӣϴЦ
ǿˣһľڷ֮һֱϴš
ֱһȣѩ֮󣬻ҪǺϸƷʶﲻҩ𣿡
Ʊ̻ըһ̣۵ľСľ仰ˡ
һӵģֱըˡ
ӦֱֱӰĴԸȥ
ѩȻôֱ˭˭
һľӦ뵱ӣҪѩҩˣҲô
̫ˣΪˣҳ죬ӦϿֱ
ŭ棬Ϊߣٶһһ졣
һľĿĿķչɫˡ
ܿģͷӦˣ̳Сɫұȡ
СûܣֱӾǲǲҡ
һľûشĲͣáΪѻƪΪԼʵϽǲˡ
ޣǰ˵õѩѹأ˵õҩѩأôڱȶұȣ̷𣿡
öһԣѩС֮󣬾֪ʲôˣûƷĻ˵ܺģۣޣ
ʲô񤱡һľ⣬û¾û£϶ˣΪ˺һ
һľһӦֱֻĵתƻԼԼŭˣһӾͷӦˣǸ
ǰж֧֣жģֱӰһľˡ
ʱ΢һ¡
ǰѺ֮󣬾һֱҩʦߵý˵ͷСܶΪˣҩʦ˺ѩ壬еƷˡ
֮ǰѾȫᵽҩʦ˵ĺˣںͺȫǲʶЩ˵ġ
ðݣãǺǱɸܻģֲûʳϲñ˵¹ʣѼʻԱв͡

288 һ

֮Իô, Ϊ͵̬΢
һ̬öһľӡ
һ̬öͦҩʦ˵ӡ
һ̬öһ巢͵Ķӡ
Щڲͬʱ䶼ûʲô, ⻷£еɧ֮ˡ
οǲãսʿȥִʱ, õˣЩͨ˹ȥҪֵ֮ġ
īúϿ, Ѷܺߵİ׹ǡ
ɣݽ̬ŵڰɹ̫
ǱǺӶˣںѱ, ǺõģİѴֻ򺣵ȻײϽʯ
ʱ򣬾ζʱˡ
ϴѩ嶼Ѿ, ֪ʲôʱЩҩʦҪѩ֤, ̫Ȥˡ
˰, ҵǾ, ǲҪˣѩ̫ѶԸˣ֮ǰǾʮֵܣΣܲˡ
ʲô, ǻҩʦ𣿲⡭ǹ
˵ĵĿ, һ̬Сˡ
һľϸŰ, ʵȴǲҶ, ҪģͱԱϵ˺ѳƬ
УںߣŹƻĵĸ裬ԶԶģĺܵӰײ˽ʯ𣬼ʻڵͨ˹Աһ⡣
ҩʦȫû뵽ѩĶô١
Ǻܿͷ֤ϵЩѩԷĶ̬ٵģЩѩʧһˡ
ңЩԵˣûһսʿ
ͺȤˡ
սʿĻôҩʦѧͽҩûãҪıʣҪҵӦҩʦŶԡ
οͨѩʵ̫ǿ̫ܸѹЩҩʦԼҩʦѧͽ
˵ҩʦԼҩʦѧͽˣ߸ŵ˾Ͳˡ
ģһ浹ľƿʼ˱仯ˡ
Ȼ˲ܷ̫죬̫Ҫˡ
û뵽ϸƷ֮Ȼģ̫ˡ
ڵʲô֮ǰεˣֻһһͷˮ𣿡
̫ˣģ˵õһѩҩҷӦȥʱѾֿˣ
ϢЩѩԵˣȷʵҲˣɣȫˡ
ҶٶܹõʱҪһʵ̫ˣһûѼ¼ûгڼģˡ
ѩǹϵģÿǵΪִ߸ԭģ̫ˣҲʱ䣬ǮȥŪۺʵѧУܱ֤һѩܹꡣ
Ҫǰά츳ѩ̱ҵˣ͸˵ˡѩ岻ڴţڴ򹤵·ϡ
ʱϸϢˡ
ܿģϢѩ彫һǧսʿȥڵĺ
ǶݵƵУѩսʿǻɢϢ
ʵģ˻£ˡ
µԼȥֱ÷еĻ˴ԼȥˣЩѩҲûйֻһһĺսš
սܼңһƬѪںϵûһܹġ
ѩ彫ûǵĹԣû֪УЩ濴ʲô棬۾ˡ
ҩʦǵһʱǴģϾһСֱӱˣҲûʲôʵġ
ο³ɺ޵ģȻҪһġ
ܿģҩʦ˾ûˣΪ½½ĹˣЩͨ˱ԵƵ
˲仩Ȼ֪ɸɵЩ£ȴ֪ǵ˵Ķ񶾡
һĻĻģֱӾǷŭˣЩϳԼһֱʧٵѡ
һʱ䣬˶ַɡ
ҴֱӶҳȥˡ
ʱ䣬ѩҲѾó֤Լûаҩʦ֤ˡ
һ޸Ƶ֤ǸطǱˡ
СҲֱӿֱ֤Լҩ츳ֱӴ͵ȼҩʼһֱߵȼҩȫֱһѩսʿֳá
ߵ⣬ƾЩҩʦȥôöû֪ˣģ͸˵ʲôѩ޳߷ˡ
ڽϵ֮СҲûзɡ
ֱӾʹԼ߿ʼˣľҵһˡ
ʼʱСҲûзϣѩԿˣȻ̫ѵҲǺġ
ỳǸԣΪǱܲȻĿԼСÿξѵȥϴʱ򣬶ᷢԼƷ˸
СÿζֱӻµģĿһ£ƷùˣǱ˷˶
ǣСȥë࣬ӵϴҺԡҺ¶桭

289 ˿

ѩСȥ֮, ͽȥϴˡ
ûԼ, Ҫ͵͵һǸԣҪԼҲôҡ
Դ뿪ѩȥԺ, Ӿһ첻һˡ
ѩôţֺݺݵļһԡ¶ԼƯëëϡ
һжŪ֮, ˳ȥ׼ȥϿΡ
ߵϣСԶվš
һСĴԡ
һֱ, ÿһεĴԿˡ
ҲжѣԼֱ䡣
ԵĿΨһһγڴǰģƤëÿζģԺ
û취
ô, Ҫȥġ
̾һ, Žԭ, оһ
ABĴԶѾ, ھCĻûʼˡ
Ƶߣ˾Ͳˣڵصʱ򣬻ǸոתѧĴԸһ£ˡ
ܿ, Ϳʼ, Ҳû˼ˡ
ʼ֮, ̿ʼˡ
, һɫë֪ƮıǼ⣬ʹˡ
˦̼֮ӿٶǰܣ֪ģɫëƮ˹
ŭˣӿٶܡ
ǰëԽԽˣŭѰëëԴ
ڿˣǸĴԣڴ֮ͥף
ŭĽţ̫ˣһǺ˵𣿺Ӱ췢ӵģ
ѩĪĿĴԹֽţ룬ڼɣǾûйˣֱӼӿٶȡ
ûдԼˣֱӾƴ׷ȥ
ʷܵˡ
ѩοǸûõĴ׷ԼЦһܵøˡ
һʱ䣬еCԶǸ˦һ׷һϵģëڷƮɢš
ڵյʱȫž
ѩξֵֹģ˿Էûʲôֿ˿Լһˣֻһëˡ
ֵǣʱһ硣
ǱмƬûɢһӾͬѹӢһɢȥˡ

ѩη˾ֵĽ
ֱ䣬ʷԿ˱һδˡ
ҿʲô
󵨵Ĵˣҵ죬ˣǽˡ
ͻĴԻ󵨰
66666666666666
ûһԿҪ𰡣

290 

Բ, ŵϲ, ҿԣĲôˣ
ƽһΣҾʿһ㶼Ҫ, ҡ볶ˡ
Ҫˣ
̫̼, һʲôûˣҲʲôˡ
ϵͳӦ̫, ԲۣΪΪʲôҪ룡
 1
 2
 3
ֱĵĻһ̣ˢ÷ɿ졣
Ϊһ, ƽ˵Բ̫, , Ҫô̼, ûеġ
ڹ⡢һѩվյһ̣һӾͷˡ
𾪣

ֵĻˢ÷ɿ죬쵽˵ʲôˡ
Ȼܶﶼǻ֮ʣǳôԵСֶû, ܶ˶űѪ˵ġ
Ҳ±, ȫû뵽, ԼԵһ
֮ǰԱԼë, ѾŵİëȫѵˣΪһѳ

ӵĿѩΡ
ѩʱѾҪˣһëȫˡ
ֵǣԼࡢվյϡ
ѩ̲סַһУʲôˡ
пæ뿪ˡ
ɳϣѩο޵ϡﻩġ
Ϊʲôҵëûˡѩεϻžʧ룬ûһԼëûˡ
ôأôϧǰ
ǲǲˣΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô
۵ۣû£ڵģһֱڡ
ȻѩѾģݣǲģʶĺԼҲҲĴԵʵѩΰοš
ұΪʲôΪʲôһǸԵĴԣ̫ˣҲģҲŲּŮǡء
ģûϵ㲻Ҫ¡۰οš
ѩοſţͻȻʱ򣬲Ӧȥмҵģæ˵ҪȥҽԺһҪȥҡĺܺ¡
һʲô֢ͲˣţҪǣҪҵëԭ
ãϴȥ˵
Ӻ˾ͳҽԺʱѩѾδԼ·ˣֻͷƤǹŵġ
һϵȫ׼ѩ±ˡ
ҽ˵û£ʱ仹᳤ëķӦ
ëࣿ
ѩͻȻ뵽һ˲
ϽҡҡͷȻȥ뵽ô£ԼûùЩ
ʯ䣬ѩ뵽ˡ
һһɵģѩҧгݵ
۾ǻ
˭ʵ
һҪȥˣѩһܣһߺС㡣
һֱȻǺܹɣҲûеôصʱһ֮ǰЩԡ¶⣡
пѩȥæҲ׷˹ȥ
ɳӦ˹ԶţѩһӾͽȥˣºĺԭظɵۡ
߼ˣֱ÷ɳٶȻص֮ǰĵط
ѩ˷ɳ֮ûͣģȥȿСʱɱڵĳ˹ȥ
ʱСҲѾѩΡ
ͷǱǱ
ųѩΣûµģһžȥˣ̬Ұ
ѩҲǺ޴˹ȥ
˺ܿʹˡ
һ˵֮ͬǻụصģԾͲᣬǳȫġ
ѩʱͲ޻ˣ˼צӣСϻȥ
СĶ죬žžžļ´ѩεԴϣ˶ˡ
ѩ±ƵĴ˼ӣеʹѸٵĻع׹⣬Ҫܲ˵ҧС㡣
СҲûпֱӾͰ˵ϴ
ʼʱģûþͱѩεİˣҵʹ
ſңӣŭš
СЦ˵ſ֮ǰʲôȥˣ
ѩͨ죬оԼȫǻģŵѪζòҲ֪϶Ƥˡ
ôţһֱͺһƬˡ

ѩδһֱ˹ȥ
С㣺
ܿģ˰ѩθˡ
ĺжݺݵĿСһۣҲˡ
СЦһ֪Ů˭ˡ
С뿪󣬰ԱҲһ
ǲɵÿضͷ
֪ǾԼ𣿡
ˣÿֻǶҪԼģܱţҲܻ©ʱ򡣡
ҲǣߣСʳȥ͵͵һڡ
ǲɵôʳǱˣûӰ쵽Ҳǡż׼ʳ

291 Ŀʼ

ѩ֮, ˶侲ˡ
뵽ǰЩ˽Ķ, Щԥģһ㶼ԥ
ѩĿԹĿŲĻ԰
ģͨͨȥɡֻһԸ, Ǿͼɡ
ʱ򣬲ֻѩһˡ
һ崿޹һȫ, ĶԹޡ
԰
һѩսʿĿ⣬̧ͷ˹ȥʲôûп
ôˣԱϵѩսʿʵ
û, ܲŸոմսϻеˡ˵ѩսʿЩ䡣
ս֮ǰˣǻʮ鵯Ƭ
ô, һֱʹ
, ѩҽ, Ȼ˹ȥ, Ϊǲ֪Լ᲻鷳
˸ӣǱߵͤгҵĻݣʱȥꡣ
ѩսʿ뵽ϵķ, Ȼֻһֱ, ǻܹչ˺Լ, һ, Ҳȥ鷳ˡ
ǲҵĴϣʱҲܺúݡԱߵѩսʿ˹
ǽѩսʿȴΨһһġ
Ǹʱս⣬˲٣ԭΪԼǻµģǰǸ飬ףֱӺ͸ߵͬھˡ
ԶǵãӰ
ЩСӣݣͷҾͲһˣҾҪһͶҵⷢȵģûģһȣͳԺˣӦƸ˳ʳĹ
һžװŹȵ齾˵ţ߿ܿյһ㶼ɥ
ʳ𣿡
ǵȻˣҿˣͷǾʺϵġ
ҲȥΪѾ˵ģû뵽йĻᰡ
̫ˣҹҲԺˣʱһȥ
£ѩսʿǻϲ죬Щϵ·һӱɢһ㣬˶»
ѩҽԱһĻεҡҡͷЦˡ
Щ첻սʿǶȥʳӦƸˣӣǸ˻ˡһС˵
ɲǣΪֻܻججˣȻ˵úʲôϣʲôܡ̫¶ˣһ˵Ļ˶û֪Ű״µѩҽ˵ţһ˲Ȼ
ܿģִ˾˵ҲҪŬУԽԽˣ˹սʿǶˣԺ϶õġ
ǰ

292 

С֪ѩλ֮, ͻȻ뵽ԭǻѩ¼
ΪԷһ, СֱӾͰѩθٱˡ
īС֮Ҳ̧׼ϡ
ס
ÿī˵
ʿɶֹˡĿ˵
ӴѩԼڲ𣿡˫ӵܵһֻ
Ĭͦ, ɵنɱϡ
F롣A༶Ա, ʱͬۿ˫ӣĲˬ
Цݣܿ˷ɵ, ǼҾͲˡ
˵꣬һʧˡ
ѩǻྯĿһ, ȥ
֮, Ӱеİſ˵ûȥʲô, ǵĿǸСԡ
ⲻȤ𣿡ĿԶС, ˺ߣЩ
ֵģǸˣͺûпһʲôӴ
Щѩ, ǵ鷳
ŵ, ˾͵, žˡҪ˵ЩǸɵ, Ǿ̫ˡ
ƫƫû취˵ʲô
˵Ҿ뿴ʲôʱͷһۡ
ٵȵȰɣǾܡӳص˵
аɡĵ˵ͷ
ӰĹһʱ䡣
һ죬ѩͻȻһϢ˴ѩ壬Я˴ΣƷ
ϢʱһƬȻ
һǺټʵ̫ˣȻͼ塣
ѩǺٷģǺϽϸ£رץסû˻뵽ô顣
ǷԼʲôô
ı۰ҪЩعģҲȥѩˡģ϶Щˡ˳µĽЩ򣬶ˣǸ͵ʳ˭֪ѩ忪ʼǮ˰
£ҪϢҵ峤һҪúýԼĴԲУȻĸҪλһҪꡣ
ѩԵǳԹϳ̫ˣΪԹϳ̫ˣӶסQˣû뵽Ϣֻˣ
Ƕǹ⪣̫̼ˣҸǷһѩ¼ԱߣԼһ¾ˣݺѵðҩʦݱɸ絽ڵƻ̫ˣһ߸ϣԵ

293 ³


ѩȫ޷Լץʵ
ò, ںеİ, ȥˣûаѶźãͻȻһȺѩսʿ, Χˡ
֮ͱץ, ȥˡ
ʼʱʲô˵ģΪ, ֻҪԼֵܹסЩѩǲôģҪǣЩ˻ġ
û, ͼֲסˡ
ЩĲ, ʵʱһһ, û취, ֻˡ
ԭΪҲˣǾһ»ȥģû뵽Լ֮󣬾ͱ͵˼
ѩڴ, кڼˡ
Ҫ֪Ļ, Ӧøӽһ, , ڡ˵ʲôˡ
ôһ졭
ѩοʼԼοԼԽʱȥˣԽǾÿֻš
ûйԣûʲôûС
ֻһɻš
Ҫûаʱ񣬾ûӪҺЩġ
ء
ҳȥ
֪ˣҲˡ
ѩڱˡ
ҪȥٴˣֻҪȥˣʲôԡ
ǲôУû˴
޹ֹ֮ѩλл㱵˯ˡ
һƬֵľ
ͺеĽֳȫǼŮǣ˵ϲ
ʱѩѾˣһϵûУѩĲƲ͵̴󲿷ֱҩʦ˺ˣٲֵ
ȻѩһĲƲǱȸ˶ġ
ΪѩĲƲһӾǼʸаһֱܾúܾöûܹԽӹÿ˵Ƿˡ
ϣ˶ףǡ
ɷǼǿսʿΪĺܶǺйصģǷǳĶ
ͺȫֱݻ̶ȳ󣬾Ŀȫ˿ף
УѩοҸԼ
˶úܺãΪԼȢĸڰǸŮ˺͸ճɾˣкܶʵսʿǣѾˣƶ׷
ǣӲŸոտʼ
ЩǾͿƲסˡ
ǰѩڵʱȫѩǰ涥ŵģѩûˣ嶼ϽƸƸģûԸʵ¡
ʱ䣬Ǿ˳
˼ͬ
ÿ춼вõϢһ죬Ҳ˳壬Ҵǿʼֻ
˻ָţ߲ʱԼ飬ÿ嶼Ҫѱ˵սʿƳȥñԼ塣
ȵùľˣѩ֮ͱƻ˸ƳȥˣһֱϲĺжûˣĿ˳С
У޴ĿЩ˵á
ڳ޴ģ֮ûŵѩˣҪУôűԵôء
ξˣҲˣ˶ˣΪһ죬޿ӡ
֮ѩͷ󺹣µĿżķ䡣
ãЦ
һ̣ˣԼֻӣҲȥˡ
ûбѩκö٣Ǵ±ץסˣ̿ûеģһ
ʱ򣬺Ѿûһˡ
ڸղţƻǱѾˣ֪ͨõֵܡ
ڿźӣһ˿ϧһ˿ң˵鶼ѾˣԺԼذɡ
Ҳţ峤ôˡеķŭ
侲һɣ֪ģûõġ˵
ؽֲ㣬ô侲Ҫô侲зŭĿźڡ
ô
ʲô룬ֻȥ뿪ط
ⲻܣѾǰǸ֮ˣʱȻ㲻ģôҲǺƻţ㿴㡭
ǰΪʵǿŽύģѾˣȻҲϵˣο飬Ҫһˡ
ңҲһĵģ
ûõģҪʲô֪ģ˵ɣʡܿࡣ˵ˣʱ˵ʲô˷ʱ˷ѿˮġ
ǲ㣬ĶԲԣͼǲǣóңһ㵱ҵĺֵܣеִ
ڱĵĿһۣ˵Ҫȥ𣿺ǡ
˵ˣĺвϽš
֮󣬺ͻȻˣĴţһ̣ˣû˻Լᱻһֱص

294 ʧܵ

ڽѩ֮, Сûйˡ
ʵϣҲûʱ, Ϊѩսʿǰһ͹ˡ
ǰʱڱ38329394ĺ, Ǳߵ˾ҪȥҪȹһƬ
ؼ, ЩǳİԵ, ֳ첻˵, ṥˡ
Сڲ鿴Ϻ, ͷ, ĬĬľ, ʱչ·̯ˡ
Ҫ֪տĿӰ
ڰһ, Сͷͳȥ, ʵҲͦڴġ
ʱ˿ЩĿӣǼ֪̿Ȥˡ
׳, ԣ
һ죬ضǵ򺱻ѩǴŻѼš
ܿģЩõĳɶֳɶֱͱ
ͬʱƷѩ, ʼճ̯
ЩѩǣУѩ, Ϣʱ, ǿġ
ļ۸ڲ, һʲôĶѾ, һ㶼鷳
ֲȥϰ·ϣͻȻŵһζ
޵ģرˡ
ûʲô˾˹ȥһֱ˺ü֮ſԴ
һļªʳӷǳĲһ㰲ȫжûС
ҪߵģǽŲǲ
֮£ֲǸƷѩʵʲô
տ
ǳԵ𣿡ֲζӷεģ˵ܳԣѾɨ븶ˡ
õʳ֮žȵǳ⣬Ҽǵʳ޵⣬㰡
ֲҧһڣ˾ͱˡ
ָоҪݵĻǾԶţԻٻԾģҪԸࡣ
ٸһ㣬һ㲻ԡһ߿ٳţһ߱Թߴš
ʱҲζ˹
ֲиһ£òãæΪǿһѵʳȻһš
ϰࣿû£ȥġ
ԽԽˡ
̫ˣҪһݳײͣײܱͣܲˣ
ݣ޵ҶҪ
ʲôʳﰡóԵ
һ죬ȫѩտ̯Եǵ̯λ࣬Խǽӽ̯λԽ١
Ƕˣʵ̫óˣҵ¶ӣܹоı仯Ŷӵﲻ

295 ȫǼ

4150920
ѩǳմõĳ, ̯ˡ
Դ̳Ϣ֮Ǿ׬ˡ
Ķ, ڰں̯λ֮, Ϳʼ顣
һѩƷ׷ԡ
Աߵķ紵ҡһ, ĹӰ, ӰøעĿ
Զĵط, ͬæµ, ѩеı, ǿȥǳĿɿ
ʲôζ, ѩ壿һǮսʿɻ˹
˱ǵʳ˵ʲô
Ǯսʿ, ͼԱ߼һȸ, ˵һײͣ
˵۰Ͱ͵Ŀţͷ·ѩϵⱻһ
Ǯսʿһ, Ҳû˵ʲôҲһݣ̶ڳԣôˡ
ܿ, ײ;ˡ
ѩϽ磬Ӷ͸һרҵϢ
Ǯսʿտŵ, ͼǱ߿ȸѾڰરС, һܵС, мֲˡ
ͷ, һ򺣬ҧһڣʱ۾ͷˣ
ܺó԰ɣǸȸСһԲı飬˵ܣҵСרŷԺ˵ģ
̫˵Сˣٸһݣֿʼ
ʱҲζˣʣС̵ĴߴʱҲˣԵģҲ֪һܺóԡ
Ҳһݡ
ʲô㣬ҲҪˡ
ѩ壿ʳҿԣ
ǿȥ㡭
ûã߾˳ӣĽǮսʿͿȸ̣ǳԵһ㡣
ǵײкܶ⣬ǳԵҲܿˡ
̯λϣѩѾȫڿˡ
ǵǳϸ¡
ÿһĴܴ󣬵ζϷֲúܾȣһȥ춼۵ζǱ򺣬֭۵ģóԵòС
ǿţܣֽʵĿڸУ˳Ե÷ǳ㡣
ţܻܹײĴբзĿڸУö˵ģԹһڵ˾ûвԵڶڵġ
̯λϣǴڴڵĳտȫС
ЩûֵǾͼ尾ˣһζһ߿ű˳ţԸߵֵԼʱ򱻱˸ˣҲ֮ٳôһӡ
Щˣ̫˰߳ԣ
տȻҲ˰ҲŸոտϢġ
죬ˣҰвУкܶ࡭ĸ쵰ң
Ǯ˲𰡣
һȥŶӣ̫ˣոǸȻײʹԱ߹ȥûסһҧȥˡ
һ塭鵰ʮֵң
һʱ䣬ԵǸֵ⡣
ûгԵǸֵĴߴ١
ѩǷɿտţˮǱɵϻ䣬΢΢βȫ¶˴˿̵顣
æۣǺܿġ
ʱҲǸֵۡ
#𾪣ѩտֶϻ#
#ۣţֳܷܿ죬ҲϲϳԵٶ#
#֣ڱԵǷĳ֣ȴԵȫû#
ֵ²Դӽзѵ֮󣬾ѾкЩûϹˣһ㿪ȫǲʶġ
ɻĿµǼѣˣտһʳѩǱɫʳ
𾪵ǣԭϾȻǳޡ
ֶȻ˻ȥԣһȫǼʡ

˵һٵ
ֵ²ڵֵ֮һӡ
#֣ڱԵǷĳ֣ȴԵȫû#
ѩĶϣԺЩ˻֪ѩѾ·̯ˡ
治ҴĳرĺóԣȻϵĳҲܺóԣǲһĺóԡ
¥û뵽ֵô˶˵ıԵǻȫѩʳ
Ȼˣ¥Ҳڳԣĺó԰
բзͼƬբззⷹͼƬբзͼƬ
ԭζտţͼƬտţܴͼƬţͼƬ
ͼƬͼƬͼƬ
1¥ͻȻһ¥ҹĲʹ
2¥ˮһܺó԰ɣ
3¥ҫӰɣûа
4¥ͳƹˣտô𣬰ĿǰѾеĳ㣬Լǵķٶȣ㲻ھܹԵΣҪ˹ֳˡ
5¥¥ϵͬðҲ¸ˣóԣҽòײһݵġ
6¥բзţܡ򺡭ˮ
7¥Ǳ򺷺ĳ֣ǲ԰ѩ㿪߰ɣҿԵģϾѾһˣǾһ̲ʳﰡ
8¥ҰբзΪһַǳζޣϣҲܵﷺһ£¥ͼƬˡ
9¥һξôңûʲôѩ壬궼ȥˣտҪ͹ĻӦü۸񶼱Ǳ߹ɣϾ屾ͲˣҪӱԵǹҵùġ
10¥ˮתբзŰ򣬷ĳֵƷˣȫѩȥˣôꡭһתۣѾԵûˡ
11¥
ֵ²΢һ£ûãӾʮڡ
ôó𣿡ֹһ䣬뿴ģǼȴŵһζ
ζ޵ģǳĹˡ
̵ģתͷ˹ȥ
Ա߸ոջһӾ;ˣһ˵Ҫʲô
ʲôζ
ʲôʲôζһĪ
ϣһɷǳŵʳζֵ²˵Żһ£ĺ㰡
ζͷ·Զʱŵͱ
ŵʱûʲôŵ֮򶼷·˵ζ
ֵ²񼸺Ҫſѵϣŵæ˵ҸոȥտˣѧУǼңˣֶĵġ
տ
㲻֪𣿶ˣˣ㲻֪ˣȥ˾ûˣѩտÿɿˣüҹȥʱ򣬶ûˡ
˵ţһգۣûˡ
˻ʶǼһѾȥˡ
ѧУ档
ͲҪȥҡ
ֵ²ŵ棬һӾҵˣŶģǸطѩտ̯ˡ
һжˣѧУˣֹкܶ˶Ŷš
ҪݣȫҪģҾͰ
޵ģҺһҪҰָоˣ͵ӪҺζˡ
ʲôʱֵҰһգ۾͵ˡ
ֵ²񿴵ôˣæһ˹ȥŵһվһ˹ˡ
˿Ŷ鰧һȻʱˣ̫ˡ
ֵ²Ʈһңܵÿ졣

296 ڸ

ӨڿϵϢ֮, ޵ʱŤˡ
˦˦βƬˮ
ʱ, ˹, һӰӨסˣ˭
Өŵ㻹֪ҿ, , úܿİɣ
, ˵ʲôأô, ⲻһп, ͹𣿡˵
ôҰ, 嶼۸ˣͼ, ء
, ޣһҾˡڱ߱, ˵
ΪʲôڲŹһˣˡӨʵſ, ͱ
Ǻ峤Ѿˣ峤˲, Ҫ, һ, 鲻ͷ𣿡
Щε˵ѩǱ˺ܾ, 峤µĲƲȫˣŰ˸̳⳥ʲŰǸ˸̳Ҳ֪ͼʲô
أ
ô˳ʱѾˣιҩˣ峤Ҳ뿴Ѿ͵ˣԺ󶼲ûˡ
Ө۾ҩǼҩˣרԸȼߵΣսʿ
ҪǿԵĻҪЩ˶һġ
뵽ʱ䣬˵ԺȥҪ˵һ˺ܵĵģѾ֪ȥֻˡ
ĺˣҲˡ
۵˵һĻ֮뿪
֮Ө˱飬ҡ
Դϴαѩѵ֮ҩʦǱ߾ͷˣµǣѾ˺ˡ
Ҵ˸ûм
Ө뵽ۼˣ
ʯϣżµաʮ˦β
Ա߹ţϴˡ
Ө۵ǰǾգ˵鲻𣿡
£ֻίˡˮİسѾʪˣµˮ
̬ŵߵӨߣԺٲί
ǰ°Ө˵
š
˵ŻԾ˳ȥ
ǻҪ
һСʱСĵӿһѵĺڷۡ
Դӳҩ֮ҵܾһֱ½ˣǺڵ꣬ѾάȨˡ
ƶҩǮҲǴܾõģѾ12348Ԯڵ޷ˣ⣬ҪһģԴѯάȨ
ע⵽ûҩȻģɾˣͼҾҪع⣬ҲǮˣ˳ģҪٱϵĴѩ壬治ǿӣ֮˱棬Ѿ12309ٱˡ
ɾϵΪøѾȥ12333ٱǷˣҲҪѩˣɱĳ壬˵սģһֱҽڲ
˶عߵѩ壬ΧȺǳԹ϶
Բۣôתļٵģ
Ȼôǰûع
ȵȣǸVҾе찡˭˭Щ꿿ԼˣǺսС
ҿˣغİ
ʲô
̫ˣǲǲܳ԰ҩʦǱ߲ܵ𣿡
ʲŸոģسTMD
տŹԣӨ˵ǻôǮ
˰һӾͱˡ
ǱģŵĿļ壬û뵽ԼȻˡ
ҲˣĴԣôֵõ
ѩսʿǿɲЩǺòײҵЩˣȻǲ뿪ġ
ЦҪʼǻҲط
˷ӦҲܿ죬ҪܵģѩսʿǵĶ죬һӾͰȫץסˡ
ϣЩԭڵȺġ
һֱûеȵ˿һСǱ²ۣβûյ
ټЩͻȻûˡ
ʲô׵ġ
ǶһȦһӵģŭǰЩ˺ŵ˶˸飬ĻãЩ±ˡ
ѩߺܿ͸֪ͨǰһ֮ûйˡ
ˣû˲Ʋ֮Ǿͱ͵˱Եǣøջȥˣһ㶼˷ѡ
һͿԷŻȥ֮ҪʲôĻͱǲˡѩսʿ

޵Ө
ɣ

297 Դ

СյϢ֮, ҲЦòС
׼ѧУȥͼ·߶һѩС̡
Ŀ֮, ѩСС˹
СЩɻ˵Сһһˣ
ء
īĲС̵ĺø, ֹȥ˼վСĽűߡ
԰𣿡Сʵ
īû˵ĬĬ
Ǳ, ȻЩȤȱȱģСûй, С԰ʵ̫ˣȥԱ, Ƕҳļҵġ
ȥɡС˵
īڵϣΪѵֵҡҡСβ͡
ڿСûоܾСϵ, ûܹԵӡ
ܵİԴСϡ
Сͷ, Ҫ, ͼǰиС̡
̹Щڵ, С㿴һ̣˲ɲס˽š
һ˫ʪ۾С, Ȼһϵë, ίĿС, ̬ȻĶš
߶С̣С
īС㿴ʱ򣬱˲׺ˣһ㶼ʾǵȻƱй֮޲
СǶ԰ȥ
A༶B༶ͬѧǣ
ڲԶţŴţA༶ͷˣûB༶ͷҲˡ
Ǻò׸ˣͿôһĻ
ƻ
һ·ϣīС
ȵ԰֮
Сҵ˹Աǰ˵һ飬Ȼ˵̫ˣԺܳȥˡ
ԱʵС̣졣
īŤͷһԼᡣ
ſСĻʲô˵
һԱǵӾ֪ôˣʱЩЦˡ
С԰ǸݹҲ˳ֽˡ
ֻСı̫ˣ˼Ҫ̸ȥ
Ǿˣ鷳ˣȻȥС˵
ȥɣһչ˺ǵġ
ԱŰǸӹˣ˲˵ϡ
һ߹ȥСĽ£ͷš
һΧһĮģֻһĿС㣬𽵹ҡβ͡
Աֱûۿˡ
СЦЦǵͷ˵СһҪȥ
һҲûС֮űΡ
ԱЦˣСԶѾˣҲ߰ɣҹ
īһ̧ۣ߳԰
Ŀȫ̵AB༶ͬѧǣ

298 ҩʦ

СС֮, Īģһ·Ͼͼ˲ٵС̡
, Ҳ߶ġ
Щɻ
ʱСĹյһ롣
С㱾ûȥģǿ˿дģڵʽҩʦҪȥ, Ҳˡ
塣
ʱȫ嶼æµţҩʦÿ궼ͷϷ, ԵžԵӰ졣
ǽò˾ٰȨȻҪúûġ
æ, ȻҲġ
ܽź˵أǲġ
α, ôࡣܽĻΪ⣬ЩûҪ
Ҿ֪ôģƾʲôһ, ȻԵģҲԡ
Ҿò, ֳɹǲܸƵġüǰǾ, ͻȻð˸ţ˭֪ô¡
ûʼ, ȻԼԼܽЩˡ
ûʲôǲԸƵģҩʦ, Ȼȷʵ, ǿԵġ
峤Ѿ˵, ʱԵҩʦ£Ϊ˻ҩʦǱ˲ٵķӡ
£ֻɹʧܵġ
ֻ԰ҩʦݾͲˣҪʵʲοҲû۸ʱı˵Ļ˲˹˭ǹԼѧղ
ܽü˵ο˭ûƢͷϹţͬһ·δ̫Ե˰ɡ
ҲǣǾɣѩ飬϶Ҳøõġ
뵽ѩľ÷չҲһۺ졣
ǰǶǵ׵ģͻȻͷչˣǿǸҩʦЧӦ
Ҳдҩʦģֹһûű˱Q
òײŴӱԵǹģѵҪøѩ𣿡
ܽЦһһӡ
㰡㣬֪ôˣص㡣
ⲻǲһˣ˼ͷȥˡܽüͷ˵
׼һ£һҩʦռôġЦӯӯĿܽ
һţЦˡ
ǱߣСѾ·ˡ
ڷɴϣϣ鿴ҩʦ
Ǹ¸ĺʱ

299 δ

Сزһȥġ
һЩսʿͺܶʳ, 㵽ʱַڳҩʦǴùϵ
ɴһһҹ֮ڵ
ȽϽҩʦ͵, Щǰˡ
û뵽ôⳡأǰˡһ·˱߿߸̾š
Ҳ, ֵߵʱ򣬿϶õġһñӵĺ˵
, ָء˲˵ķš
Сţʱһսʿ˹, ˵ѩҩʦǹ·ġ
ţ鷳ˡС˵
ջĿ, սʿߣûпԱˡ
ӦõģѩǵһβμӣʱҪ׼·սʿһ˵, һԺĽĵ̡
ʱǰĽҪʼˡ
еҩʦ, ҩʦȽ϶, ҩʦȽ٣ջǺҵġ
ǰ, һǻവװƵģС˸ط, ȥ
ǲƴְ, ҹʱ, һ·ϵĽˡ
ȥǱҲǺܺõģһǱߵɫϣڻ
Ȼϲ֮ٸ͵пնȥǱ棬ʱӭ
ٰ췽ĺҩʦ˵Żûһ䵥ģСҲбʵ˵Ǻܰˡ
Ҳˣһ㲻˵ƻģòá
С㰲ĴԼλϣûðȻ顣
ֳҩʦҲкܶģҩʦСע⵽ҩʦǱȽϳʵġ
ǱȽᣬֺÿ˵Ƿǳעˡ
ʱǸҩʦѾԼ·ˣһǫ鹧ѷӸ˺øб
Ȼġܽ۵ųԣԹͿС㣬۾˼벻ʡ
һά֮½½вǰԼķֻ߸ˡ
ʱ֮ҲͳˣʵģõĽҩʦġ
ʵҴСѧҩŸոõҩʦ֤Ѿôˡ˱ˡСԱߵһԲҩʦ˵
СӦһͿʼˡ
ǿȸԲҩʦ˵ޣǲҪδô
ȿȿȡ
С⻰˳ǿȥڶˡ
û°ɣ
ո˵ʲô
δ򰡣治ҪԲҩʦһ±ơ
˭˵ҵδ򰡣С˵
ⲻǺ𣿡
ԲҩʦȻеɻ󣬵ǰˣ岻ǶûҩʦǱпܳΪҩʦ֮˾ˣȻȷʵǳΪҩʦһֱû
Ƕ֪ģҲģ껹ΪܾأȦһһĳˡ
Сֱˡ
ѹԭûһ䡣
鵱˶֮ԭûгΪҩʦͷˣһֱûֳ˼ҩʦǵûзһ֪˭ְԭϳˣѹмԭرңҵúɡ
򿪹Կһ£Ȼǰʱ罻̳ϣ˵飬ԺҪȢôҶռ֡
ôˣɫôѿȸҩʦС䣬˵㿴ڿ㡣
СתͷȥȻͼЦ⣬ԼЦŵ˵ͷ
Ľᣬ˵νǳ˷ͷ
Ļ⼸ܽסˣĿңһʱ䣬˷ͷ

300 

֮, ҾȥԷˡ
ʳﶼͱõģ˳Եú⣬ڼ仹ཻ, ǳ졣
¿ζûеģҳ, ô
СѴĳϵʳȫָҩʦǣʣҲûдߣˣ˭Ҫ˭ȥ
ϲСʳˣû뵽ôడ, ̫ˡȸҩʦһ㶼ûпֱӾһ
ҩʦǼ˿ͷ, Ҳ׷Цһ
ûеģǿ϶Ҫһġ
ǰǰζΡբзóԡ
˵ѩʳ, ζȻ, ˭ûõģһ𳢳
ѹ, ȥио, ʹҩ𣿡һҩʦЦ޵˼ɡ
õҩŵķʽġС΢΢Ц
ҩŷԴڹϴͳʳʳĻ, ҽѧѧӪѧָ, ϸҩ䷽ҩĳЩҩüֵʳ飬öصʳͿѧɵľһɫζεζʳƷ
֪һͻܵģϾЧȻȴǿüġ
ǲѹֹЧ˺á

ѵ˼
˷׷׿佱ţС˵Ż˳˽ڵ飬һʱ䣬ޱȺг
ܽҪǰ诸סˣҡҡͷ˵ǸԵĶѣĻںͷûбҪиʲô
ˣҲϲЩûõģʱǡܽ˵꣬Ȼɫãûʲô
һֱϣų׽ˡ
ʰһ£͸ԻȥˣСҲѩսʿǣȥŵľƵꡣ
˾Ƶ֮С򵥵½飬ȥˡ
塣
߿ŻܽʵĽˣ
еģҲûôܽ˵ţĻϵЦݸˡ
Աߵ˵һҲҩʦܿĶ̫еӡ
ǰҪСĽĺáȻô˵ϻ̲ס¶һõЦݣ˵ȻҾͲϢˣȥɣ֮ıҪ
Сǣæ˵ЩĵĻֱ߹Ц֮ȥ
߳˴֮ܽɫ
ǲģȻʼǺǸŮˡ
ܿģ˶֪Ҳһܽѹļͣš
ʱҲ߳ˣʱɫ˺졣
ǰڽϣ
ѩǸˣôʵ̫ίˡ
ڿתͷȥûзˣɻһ£Ҳͻȥˡ
ĸŸߴĶӻϳ˽˵ǸѩҩʦΣûпˣ

301 ŭ

Աûˡ
뵽ڽǸҩʦ, ˵Ų
ôˣ
Ȼ಻˿ȥҲҷƺûʲôŻ, еһֱڽûвμҩʦĽ
˵ʱ, ΢΢üͷ
ĸЦЦ˵⺢ӣˣЩմճݵģЩ, һб£
룬Ҳȷʵӵġ
˵֪, Ϊ壬ҲȢġ
ͶˣڻСҲûб, Ͽ춨
⻰֮, ɵǸҩʦܽ
ĻĿ, ˵ʲôԷܽӵϡ
ԥƬ̡
ʵ, ҪĻ
˵ʲô
ûʲô, Ҿġô˵, ĵ׵ͷȴԽǿˡ
Ƶ
СѾڲˣΪϢ׼ȷԣȥ˳
ûãϢʹˡ
ȷʵµġ
ѩǺܺãǻ𣬴̵Ǹҵ˺·
С£ǵʱѩ߸ġ
ֻǿͷԼѣ˫˵ˡ
̳ˣԼȥȷϡ
ҿȡǸԼ𣿡С㳯ųʵ
۾ĵɨԣ˵Ϊ˺·ģôЩˣҲûʱ϶벻˵ģ㲻ϲȡɡ
Ц
ǸСӣѩıߡ
ֱΡ
οЩ꣬ҩʦݣ˶ٸԣǶҪˡ
Ǿ֪ͨһȡɣһ𡣡Сǳľˡ
š
յϢֱ֮ҪˣѾҩʦȻˡ
ôôͻȻǰû˵ǲС͵ԱץˣһòС
ҩʦ֮ǾҪ׵ġ
ʱʵ͸ǿˣЩҲܹ鵽ߡ
ͻȻģԷ˵ɾͲˣ߿ʧˡ
˵ǵ̫ˣЩɰǵĴԸӲˡսʿŹϢظ
Щϣǻ治֪
ԭСӱô顣
ҪǼһǸҩʦȥ˸һ˵
ЩƯʲôã
ĸܸѩҩʦȰ
ЩԹһ𣬽ѩҩʦԸŪˣô룬Խܡ
ôȥ˵˵鲻ô˵ġ߼ͬ⡣
Ѿ˵ˣѩǱ߾ܾɧš
ǾСԹȥǸѹҪѹȥȥ˵ѩҩʦƭҪƭȻԼŰɣߡ
߷ŭˣһת˳ȥ
սʿʱҲȥǱߡ
Ǻò׸ϵƵ꣬ҪȥС˵ʱ򣬱ſѩսʿסˡ
ǣҪٹɧˣȻһǶȥġ
񣺡
սʿ
ڡ
СһǶīͦġ
ʲô𣿡Сһˮ֮ʵ
īĵջĶ䣬˵˵ߣ㡣
СƷƷ⻰Щ΢Ҫ߰
ɻīֱֱֱ׳˵ǰѵģѩ壬͡ûʲôҪġ
üĿӢͦȻСɢȴѲС
͡
ʱ򣬴һӰ
ϻд򶷵ĺۼڴ̨ϣȻԾڡ
û뵽㻹ܵǰˡģȴǱġ
īûµģ˾Ǵһܶѡ
֪ЩûB༶˸ȫסôãҲǿˡ
䣬ֵĺŲˮôçײɲãǱߣԺҪôʧˡ
˲ˣ˵Ϊ´λܳɹ𣿡
īǹһ˿ЦҪɫһסˡ
תͷȥ
ֻ½һѩС̣һֻֻԾ˽ڵĵϡ
ء
໡
໣
һֻֻ̧̣ʪС㣬һɫСΡ
ī˲ͼ̣ڷ֮ŷֲĿЩһ
ʵģǶ֮ǰ顣
սʿڻ䱸ˣٿһȺС̣ʱЦòС
ǰۺѧУǱ֪ͨСˣҪܵԵģû뵽Ϊ˶ƵĻôġ

302 ҩʦ

ڵϵС̣ͦصɨһȦ
Ŀܿ䵽С, ˲, ǰԵƾͱ, յ˹ȥ
ء
С̺ܿܵС, ڵϣһ˫ʪ۾޹ϣĿš
С̼˴ͷ, ˲ҲŹȫΧС׺ˡ
ǵĲϹСӣһֻֻŶӸС˹
ӺƾɣеûдֱӾñĲˡ
С㿴͹Ķ, кÿı걾, ټƯʯͷ, ҲеĹӣһЩֵǮС
͸ҵģС㾪ʵ
ϲ㡣ͷСЩߵСצӣԼ˹ȥ
ڴɬ, С֮, Լë, ͵ϲϲ
֮, Сֽ, ȫ֮, ǿС, ʱ͡ҸҪ̱һѩǡ
ոմ԰ҪȥۺѧУС۾, ֵš
ʱ, , ոոСǰƽ鷳İˣ˵û£ѧУʦѾ·ˡ
ȻСǵ˼ȷʵɣǸոʱסսʿʱ򾯱Ҳˡ
ЩС̣˵ˣҲѾ͵ˣȥϢˣҲǣҪΪǲ֪
ͬͬī
ʱ򣬴ӰˣA༶ѩԱ׵ģ˾Ҳûö٣Ĭȥһ˶ûеӡ
Ѿûеطˣڴѩ֮ĬԾ˶档
ܿģīͱˡ
СǵǺܹԣ궫֮һֻֻСȣŶӳȥˡ
໣쿴ˡ
ǵһѧС̡
ÿİ
أأ
СŰĲֵš
С̻ȥ֮Сսʿ˵Сʳȥ
ȻЩ˵ûʲôС͹ʱڴ񡭡
Сš
ʱһѩսʿ˽
ȸǱҪȥһҩ˵
ȸ壿
СЩɻѩͿȸҪ˵Ļûʲô顣
ǵģǱ˵ܸлչǼҵС̡
ţСĹҲյĶš
˵úܵλˡ
С˵аɣ׼һ¾͹ȥ
ʱ򣬿ȸǱѾڵˡ
ڴСȥǲϣͷ˸ˡ
֪ʲôʱԲҩʦ˵
˵μģǸܹƧĴԡһҩʦ˵
ӦòƧɣ֮ǰǱߵС̲˵Ծʳԡ
ЩС̣˭Եľ͸˭ߣ˵ĻҲŲţһԵĶ޲ð˸䵽ȥ
Χһ𣬻˵ԼϢ
ƾô˵ûá
СģҪһҩʦ
Լ˰Сʱ֮СҲˡ
һҪǰ죬ȸߵĳʱŪĽᣬʱǱȽϸϵġ
Ϊ˱⣬ڷŸ֪֮ҩʦսʿȥ˵ġ
˵Ǹӵġ
˵ط֮󣬺ܿһҩʦӴ
ǸòڵŮЦӯӯİС˽ȥ
үүһֱ˵ҪġЦ˵
ͰľˣСЩ˼
ûãǾ͵˴
ǱһؿȥЩߡ
ˣǺúõġʲôϲ𣿡
СߵʾҶԵġ
˵ˣû뵽ϣϧˣһҪ
ۺ룬óԼõҩϸС㵹ϡ
Ϊͽô
ߵĻһʱΧˡ
ȸߵ֮󣬳һƬ
˶˵ߣ۾λεʾ⣬СҪռˡ
Ҫ֪ͬһ֮䣬ҩʦҲͽġ
ڳҩʦˣҪ˵ͽܵĻҲǰˡ
ʱĽ˼ʣ˾òܣ۾ȫǲܡ
ѩĴδ̫˰ɣ
ǿЦİɡ
ҵ죬Ҫͽܰɣ
Բۣ
ʲôõģӦòģ
˽ţʱһ
үүҪһʦ𣿡վʵ
һЦеı飬С㣬һֵӡ
Сº͵ʵǿԻȽһµġ
ƽȫէӡ߿΢΢ͷ۾֮⡣
֮ǰ㣬ͦ츳ģǰʱ䶼˷ˡ˵
Сıݣ˵ϲ顣
ҩʦıְѵӦҩ𣿡
ҩʦ֮ǰԼСƽĻش
ҪòĵĻΪʲôҪȥأΪĲŻȥѽ
㶡
ѵϲ׬Ǯʵ
ϲԼϲ飬׬Ǯǣʳǣǣǡ
߳˼һ˵õͨ͸ס
СЦЦ˵ֻǰԼϲԸš
̸ҩ顣
ⲻĲ֪һһ
߷֣ѩС֪һ㶼Լ١
ΪԼһһӣ׳˸ѵĻ⡣
û뵽ȻҲӵȥ
߶ʱ;񣬸
һСʱ߼硣
Сʱס˲Ҵܴ
Сʱشľ
ۺ룬˵ȫ𾪵ĻȻΪʦͽܰɣ
ԱߵҪֹ
߰˰֣һȥ
ǲ˵ˣҲȰңͷǲıġ
ǣҡҾҪǰԼʦġ
Ҳǡ
Ҳǡ
ȸǣڰ˵ʵϻȵסѾˡ
ʱһվ˳һԲЩͬ۵ӣ˵үүҺǲһ
˵ǰһʱοˡ
ҺǲһģȻҲҩʦǣһϵûУҪģȸ꽾
˲ˡ
ЩС̣ʲôλˣ
̫ˣ
ȸҪʦʹ
ܽϢ֮󣬶ʱ߳ŭˡ
ΪģȥȥģΪľҪҩʦߵøԶʱ˵ʲôţ˵ֻⷽڷ¿๦
ԱߵĴԿܽɫԣæʵʲô𣿡
ûУȻȥˣ컹бͲˡܽɫѿ˳ȥ
ҲûסֻǿӣﲻЩ²⡣
Ӧһλˡһ˵
ǰȥ겻ǣʱһֱûмˡ
ոյϢҲˣ
С˵ţܽʱѾȥˣûڣ죬һ֪˭ҩʦ

303 

ڶ졣
Ƶɽ˺ġ
С㵹ûʲôо, ͬеҩʦѾʼ
ܼҡ
Ҳܼ
Ȼҩʦ, ҩʦȴûкܶࡣ
˵, Ѿ˶˵ˡ
ʵġ
ҩʦϡٵְҵ, ÿҩʦҪеʲô, Ĺע
ţ
ڽģ
˵˵ûǾβ𣿿ǵҩʦ, Ǹ, ƯǸ
ǶÿÿûУǸ, ǻҩʦ
̧ܽͷ棬ϵֱѾʼ, ֵͷҩ
һʴ𣬸ոѾˡ
һҩ, ΪҪķ
뵽Щ֣ܽԽӵ
һСʱ
˶ύˡ
ҩŵһ̣ߵĶ
һֱ˴Ļϡ
и˵ģʧġ
ܽͬŵĵ, رҪõҩ, ֪, Ϊѵ˺ܾá
浽һ̵ʱ򡭡
̲ܽס
ܿġ
ǵ־ͳˡ
߷֣
ܽ־ϲ
ʱҲ˲䱬˻, Ĺڡ
Ѿڷ񷢸, ȡڵһʱ䣬Ϣͳȥ
ܽڸ˹ͻȻûС֡
꽱ֱ֮ܽߵСǰ
ʱҲù
ܽվСǰϲ˵ģȸҪΪʦҪڵĻڶ¾Ͳˡ
ʵں֪ҪμӵĻô
Ļո£ϵվͲˣǶС㡣
ڻҩʦǣҲ׷׿˹ȥĿ⸴ӡ
컹һֱأûμӣǿϧˣ֪ĻΪˡ
ܽ΢΢Цš
۾нԺ
ҶȤС˵
һԵĽͺãҲͲΪ˱
𣿡
ܽЩɵؿС㣬˵ѵǺ𣿡
⻰һ˶ʱҲ
Сû£ֱӵϣұ
ǵȻ
ȻûһͷɲССûģֱ˵ҪӮˣҸʮ꣬ҪӮˣѩʮꡣ
ܽ⻰ʶľҪ
ע̫ˡ
Ŀ⿴ֱ󣬶ʱ͸ıˡ
ʱҶڿţ
ǣܽҧҧ˵ã
ԲۣΪˣû뵽ôʵģ
һֱ֪ǼǲѽȸĴоȻҪʦ
ݣ̼
תˣû뵽кûߡ
צһһǾ֪˭Ӯ
Ĵԣֱӹ̹ʣ
ֱĹǣ׷š
СߣڿܽӦ֮Ҳûĥ䡣
ֱӾ͹ȥˡ
С㵭ϱõĹߣ¼ʱͿʼˡ
һ̡
˵Ŀⶼߡ
һӹȥˡ
ӹȥˡ
Сʱȥˡ
С㰴½ҩ͵˻Ǳߡ
ʱȫȻ
ԲֻۣһӣҩҲֻһ֣
죬ˣ
쿴Ǳߣ߶ʲôˡ
Ȼ٣ĪģǾúܴ̼
ڳĹڶˣ͸˵ֱЩˣˡ
ѿĻ塣
ôһӣǾʧȥһԼҩʦ
⡭һĸǰҪ˵㻰һ¾档
ܽʱ֪ˡ
һ㶼뵽ѩǱȥҲѴʮꡣ
ٹǵĿ⿪ʼϧˣܴҶӮȴûһ뵽ô΢СĲࡣ
߰ɣʵͦĵģԺѩ鷳ˡСЦЦ˵
ܽıѾӽӲ԰ˣҪڵģ֮ͥ£Ҳڡ
οʱȫǼʶѾ֪ǵĶԼˡ
ɣҲһ
ͻȻģһ
ܽתͷȥ񣬶ʱ
ĿһֹۣҪԱ
ĸ˼״뵽ʵʵĬˡ
ܽǿʮ֣ǱĻȷʵеʤ֮䡣
ʱҪĵǣǸѩҩʦϱǺͬ
ʱѾսʿµģסѩߵˡ
ȥȰ
ȻǸҩʦӦμӱˡ
ܿģǾ֪ԼĵĶˡ
СЦӯӯصԵģ
İɣǸոյĹأҪˣȥѩѴʮꡣ˵
С˵ͷʽʼ
ء
ѩߵνˣ˲ʱһսʿһˣҲ۸ˡ
Ȼҵ£ëúܻ֣
ҺýţȻǹھǡԣûеǣʮֵĲడô׵ġ
ԲԲԲۣ
̼һҩʦ˰ɣѾˣҶڲ½
С㻹Ǻ͸ղһ
ûбκ´ţٰ¼ʱͿʼרעҩˡ
ܵ˶סˡ
ƶûʵĹǲɵġ
ЩҪģ𾪵ǣĶ֮ǰ˲١
п֣пŵ
ǲ˼Ϊ˿֪ܲҩʦȴ֪жѵġ
һЩˡ
ҩʦͬؿ壬Ǳߵһͷˮ
ȸҩʦ˵ǿ
ǰؿܡĴҩСĽҪѩɾ̫ˬˡ
ѩ׵˿ۼչСķ۾⣬һ㶼ûֵӡ
ڽҩʦͷϴһͷΣĿţģҲ֪ϣ˭Ӯֲܹ˭Ӯܲˬĸо
ֿˣǸַһҩʦ˵
̫ˣҴûԱߵͬС޵ȥҲҪԡ
ҿͶȡɶѡ
ˡ
ҩʦҲٵ˵ŻͣߵĽ
һأСٶȱ֮ǰ˶ʮӣңĳƷѡΪ֣
Ʒҩ
ȫˣֱ䶼һûУ֮󱬷˷ĻѩսʿڵһʱΧСҩΧ
찡ǼƷҩ
ˣһƷҩˣ
Ҳ֪ˣҾ֪ҩ
أǮٶɵģ
Ҫˣ֮꣬Ȼ˼Ʒҩ
ڳ˷ţֱҲˣͣˢĻѾϵѩϵڳѯҩˡ
ĸ˸о춼ҪˣǱҪѩҩʦĳɹ֮·û뵽ʧˣѾõҩʦ
ĺۣ
оҪˣһǾҪȥҩʦȫ밡
ܳǸʲôһʱ䣬ʧȥҩʦҡ
û£û£رͦ׬ǮġǵĿǰֱУܷڣսʿǰοԼôҩʦ׬Ǯˡ
Ȼɣ鲻ȥôǾٰģѩ岻ٹһ꣬ҲٰܾҩʦġһսʿĿ˵
ǰֻôˣҲãǿҩʦôǻóǣؾ÷չòˣתȨƱΡƵꡢҩʦĸּƷָϡʳƷȵҲ׬ǮЩѩֻиɵ۵ķݡ
һ˸š
Ȼǲ˵ûą̃Ǳ߸𾭼õսʿͷѩĹƱǷˡ
Բۣϡ
쿴ô¡
죬ȥ峤˵
սʿֿæµţѯϢսʿһ㿪ԣͿǵصϢ
#ҩʦǶ˵ãϲСʳ#
#ҩʦֵ֧ѡѩƱû#
#ҩʦǶƼġ#

304 

帺Ӫֱ±ˡ
, Ǻܿ, սʿȥˡ
ǲѩ, Ͼǹ, һֱȥȥԳԺȺ, ûа˼ڱϣǺݺݵĽҩʦ, ʵ̫ɶˡ
ܿģսʿǾͻˡ
˴, ȫһ, ʱò, ǡ̫޳ˣ
ѩĴԴʳȥҩʦһ, Ȼ˼ҺòóԣƼƼҩʦǵȻ˵óˡ
Ҳ, ѩĴԻ˺ܶ, ֻǿ׵Ļȫ˹ˡ
ɶ, ҩʦҲˡ
ǵҩʦһķŻشóԵģͷǾд#ҩʦ췽ҩʦ˵õĶ#
̫ˣ
̫ˣ
ûô޳ܵˣ
һʱ, ŪǰӪŶһƬ
СʱˬĴҩʦ, ׼ȥˡ
ò˵, һ˹, ׬ˣһ͵ڶȥˣȻЩˮ֣ò˵Щʵϵģˡ
ѩһҩʦˡ
ŵʱС㿴ܹһȸҩʦ
¶ֺĵЦݣʮֺȵС˵㣬ˡ
Աߵˣ뵽ǰǸţ˲ˣ߰ҩʦΪʲôˡ
æ˸кȻվһߣҴš
С㿴Χǿ׳սʿǣʵôôˣ
ˣЩң֮ǰǼ飬ˡȸҩʦ˵ĺޡ
Сˣ⻰˼ǣЩҪǿаҩʦߣ֮ǰļƷҩҲǵϡ
С΢΢ۣǵ΢Цˡ
Ҫ˹ĻҲģһȥ֮ǰһ顣
ʱȸҲˣЦһĲã֪ҪߣҲǣһҪҪȥǿȸһ棿
Ա߱һϵսʿӣСЦþò
С죬˵ţжʮСʱˡ
ʵŵʿˮһ˵ӡ
Сɻؿ˹ȥ
ҪǲĻҸȥɣҿԵģᶨ
ƣ²Ҫ׸ˡ
ȸߣ
סͷϿһĬţһϴĲ
СߵѩսʿģЦЦ˹ȥ
ȸͻȻú䡣
һ̧ͷͶһ˫в۾
ʶˡ
Ҿãһذɡסɪɪ壬ǿһõ΢Ц
С㣺
ȸߣ
Χˣ
ȸڲɷĿʧ֮󣬶ʱ˿ĵµĲ˲ͷϵ亹
˵߳˱ģȸ깶ֱ׳췢ﵽ˼¡
ôҲܾ

СںͿȸ˵껰֮󣬾ͻȥˡ
ʱҲѾˡ
#֮ϵУƷҩ˭#
¥ұֻȥҩʦģ˳㿴ûҩʦԸҩʲôġ
û뵽Ȼһбʱ죬ҿʲôҿҩʦ֮󣬾ȻһӦ
ⶼʲôҪ飬¥Ҫ˵ǣҾȻ׵֮ϵУƷҩƷҩ
Ҹǡ
1¥¥أ
2¥ԲۣƷҩ˵
3¥ǮˣһҪȥҸ˵˵¥
4¥¥Ǹ쵰ȥˣѾʼˡ
5¥ֵܣѾˣ
6¥ʧȥһڣ
7¥ĺʹ˭ģѩҲ̫˰ɣͱ۳ˡ
8¥ǰ߼ƷҩľаϵǸ壬Ѿȥѩɻȥˡ
9¥֮ϵУҲŸո֪ûˣ̫ˣҲûбһҵˡ
10¥ͻȻ棬ܹȥʲôѩ岻ȱսɣ
11¥˭һսٰҲ֪˵¼Ʒҩֱ֮ӾȥԵǸɻˣʱ䣬ӦǱߴˣӣѩڸ㽨谡
12¥ԵǸ㽨裬ǲɵôҲܱðɣ
13¥ԵǸ㽨һԱˣұֻǹģû뵽ѩߵľҵĺãÿɻһʣѾ᲻ˡ
14¥ԵǸոλһѳԵģ˵ʵͦۺģǰѩ忴ŸھȻҪĽǵĸλˡ
15¥ƷҩȥͶѩ廹ü
16¥Σ
17¥Σ 1
18¥Σ 2
һ·ظһǧ򣬻ڼ
峰źһͼ滻Լһظ΢΢üͷβһ˦ֱӷϢѩǩ˳Լ
ǩֱ֮ԷˣڼƷҩģȻװĵķԼ罻ϡ
Щ֮е㰲ĵ˯ȥˡ
賿
18356024˾
ģĳ֣ǵĸܴ󣬻һȺģ֮ƻأܳԵĶȫԵþ⡣

305 ûϵĳ

Ժö, ǵͷزϴִ󷢴, ǼӲ༬, ɫʰ, С, Ҫǰצһϵצ
γĵ, ϢͻȻˡ
ػѩ岢ûл, ǰȥս, , ǵıټɡ
֮ǰԵǵѩ嶼ѾԸĵ·, кܶ඼˸ֻ߻ڳ
𣿡һѩսʿʵ
ˣһǰǾԤ, û뵽, źˡһѩսʿǰĳ˵
죬Ǳ߷Ϣˡ
ôСʳ𣿡ѩսʿʵ
ǱϺ, ˵ǳ̿СϺϺʸǽĿؿϺ, ͱϺ
ѩ˵⻰ʱ۾, ô, ֵˡ
Ҫ֪, 18356024ǺǲһģߵĳǰģҪôҪôһһȺ
ƻĴϺȺǣЦ档
ǲսʿڵһʱʹס˼ֻ͵Ǳȥ
峰ھʱ򣬾ˡ
ԭΪûôģ뻹ʮһʲôģϲ¼ƷҩϾҪʼɻˡ
ҲûбԹɱȥˡ
ҪչֵʵôԵаϵأ
㲻ѩ廹Լˡ
սܿͿʼˣԽԽңÿһֻ嶼ŵװ׵ġ
ߴߴߡ
սԵ
ϵСѾʼˣҪܼ򵥣ǰÿõĳ͵ȥ
ǱȽϺõˣЩ˵ģֻܺźȥұĹ
սǻҵģϾȻǺ󷽣ͻ⻹ǺܶģѩǲµģΪϽ磬©֮棬ѩսһǴĵطǲ˵ġ
÷ͷͬѴϺ˵
ܵõݹʵ̫ˡ
÷¹ѾһˣʱҧԼˣЩԵĸǡ
ҪӰˣðͰˣмӰѡ÷˵
üºͣ˭ڷܵġ
ţҲҪñˡ÷ѳŪ̲֮סЦ
Աߡ
սʿԵţǵٶȺܿ죬ŶӼϵúܺá
죬߲ˣǰһ㡣ԭ˵
û⣬Ҳˡʯѳӿ˹ȥҲ׷׸ıλá
˶Ŭɻţûһ͵

306 °ҩʦ

һ, ʮСʱͿסˡ
Ȼ泱ӿ, ǲûгٽһǱ档
ڼǰԤ⵽, ҽС͹峰ѩսʿ, Ŀǰ˵, ǷǳȵģûԱ
еʱ, һ򹤵ļһĵ˹ԡ
ûãӾͽ
#ûϵֳ#
һֱ򶼱ŰŰ˵Ǻˡ
泱ڵʱ, ҹٽŽ, ͻȻһϮģڲҲ, 
ȻֻǸС壬Ҳһ׬Ǯİ
ǿ, һƬֳ, ֪ʲô³ȫ͵, ζСʳˣ
СϺСϺСϺСϺ
ϺشϺ֥ʿh״ϺݻϺ
кܶ, ÿ춼ðǸζ, ս, Ǳǹ
, ˵, Ҫȥˡ
Աÿ춼쵽һԼĵģ֪ʲô͡
ġҺС顿ҵĹ͡
1¥ĬΪʲôһᷭӣ
2¥¥ˮˮˮ
3¥һ֪ѩϢû뵽ҹģ̫ˣҧͷˣ
4¥ĽʺޣҫôװףҪֶҲǹë
5¥ٻĵѩսʿһֻҪĽỌ̇Ųˡ
6¥Ϊ˲泱۵ҹˣҿ޵úôбҸҵء
7¥ȥͺܺó԰ǿҪ󣬲Һ֪Ҫȥˣɱȥ
8¥ĪήҲǿϣҲܹҫô࣬ô࣬ô࡭
ӵĹۿԽԽ࣬ģճӾͻˣؼǣѩĵͬˡ
ĺóԣ
һԵϺˣΪ⼸ÿγԵʱ򣬻רſ˸ֱЩ˿ġ
ǰģԴӱ򷢵ԵԺ󣬾߲ˣǱں泰š
شˣǲɫĳȥġ
ʵĴϺˣͨˮȻûô㣬ְ취̶ȵر˴Ϻǲô⣡
˵ţһĻ
Īģʱܶӿ˽ǿȥͦģһǸϺϺϺġ
ǳ壬˵18356024ضζ
죬죬죬ÿҪҧһڡ
ûϵֳ尡ǡͦóԵġ
ЩĪļһǣһͷˮ
ǳŽǮŴϺģôôļһܽˣ
Һԡ
Ǵ˵еʳϵкϵеһֱ
ͳ԰ȻܣǺôҲ˸ζǡ
˿Ա߿ŵĴǯӣ΢ÿ֮˶Ϻ©ˣȥ쳣
˳˵ǲһģֱӷŵζϳԣҲպųϺ⣬ྡྷҪһڡ൱񫣡
˵ϰˣ֮ǰôŽǮҫģҲô˵ģܵС飬ǳĹˡ
տϣǷϺⱻ̵졣
ֱľͷˣǿÿˮ˳
оʵ̫óˡ
͵͵ĳһڣͱĳ嶼һζ

 1
 2
ҵĴצצצһ𰴣
ĶˣֻǱߵСϺȥϺƷ
ϵӿֱ䡣
ͷһյôĹעһʱ˶ƮˣʮӵֱСʱ
һ죬Ϻٶȣϻˡ
18356024
͵ߵܽεĿš
û뵽Լᱻ͵طģԭΪǹˣҲᱻӵģ
һ㶼֪ҩʦҪ԰ܽ뵽ԼĴɺˡ
ҪкҩĻһ˱ģ׼ҩʦ󣬾͹ԹԻȥNɪ
ʮꡣ˵ҲĬˡ
ſѩսʿҩʦרõĶźã˵ˣ׼ˡ
Ŀ⣬װ׵ģߴţ㿪ʼ
̾һʱѾ׷ܻ͵뷨ˣ˵֪ˡ
˵꣬תͷܽɣϢ
ܽģֻˣôǰܳȥֱι˳塣
͸ůůڵϡ
ܲͣæµš
СʱѾص˱Եǡ
ΪǲȥϿεģҪȥͼһС̣͵͵ĸ
СתͷȥСȻûԤϵͻȻıʣæһԾ㵽ǽǣβͶûüսȥͲҶˡ
ЦЦ˹ȥˡ
С˶䣬˶
ȻС߹ˣ˵Ĳϳװûп
ʲô𣿡СЦʵ
ء
С̱޿ɱܣֻתˮĿС㡣
ߵСߣצӣ¶ĶƤתͷһڴĿС㡣
ģС޺еɰ
С̧ȥͿС̿ٵ
ǲΣգվСԶ룬ſǰצըëǱߺš
̬ף
Сһﻹһŵ
С֣̿еøӵ׺ˡ
峰״ĿζС̣Цһģ뱣
Сһ£ȻеøӵˣֱӾͳȥ
Զ˫վݶϣĿš
ҪǽѩĴôףô๦򰡡
Ȼ峰׵ֿҪС̵ʱһɵ߷ɹ
̧ͷȥǸѩꡣ
紵İ׷ĬͦϢĮпᡣ
ǣΪ𣿡峰׵Ѫˣ˿ѪɲǼΣˡ
һˡĬĻ£ΧͳBȫԱ
峰׵ǰȷСİȫ֮Ĺһ
ҪѩĴԸʲô
峰׿Χôˣķֺڰеĳѩ壬۾鴤£˵ɢѣܸʲô
üһ찡
ĳԱмƲƲ졣
ʱѾеˣͲÿ˳ҫ֮󣬾ʹŲ˵⣬°ˡ
Ųţˡ˵
ֻƶŲһ˲䣬B༶гԱ͹˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ˡ
С㱧С̣վվ
˫úܼңϾǳսʿB༶˾ȫϣҲ˲ٵĹġ
СͷС̡
СĻУ۾ĿսȻǻСҲȥˡ
֡СЦͷ
С̧ͷ۾ţʾôԡ

307 ڳԺ

һҵĴ֮, ׾֪ѩ岻ˡ
Ҫܵ, ȫû뵽ѩĳսʿô޳ܣСûס, ľͳˡ
һֱץס, һ±Ƶġ
ȵȣֻҪȥкģǲôңŷš
ѩսʿڹغ֮, رĿų, ˵ͺúõĹ°ɣ֮͸ĵ, չֵѺޡ
ŵװ׵ĳף
ۼĳױץ˺˫ҲЩˡ
ףѩĴѾԽԽҫ, ֮󣬿϶ֹǵģЩҲǰͺ̵ӿ
˫Ӷһ, ˶Է˼
ʱˡ翴ԶԶ˵
͸ˡܵܵɵĹŴ
紵ǵĺڷûã˾ʧݶ, û֪ȥʲôˡ
Ǵû, īʹAˡ
ױܵ, ñ·ϡ
СЩЦĿųױ, ͼܴԼѩҩʦ, Ҫ͸ĺܳһʱˡ
BۿīǣǣΪճǾͲ˦𣿡
īı䡣
һС㣬˵ǾԿ
ء
С㱧ڻС̣۵
ȻǱߣëߣˡ
ABǣ忴˹ȥ
СͷһĲ˵̬ţȫǿֵϢ
Aǣ
Bǣ
СЦЦ˵һȥǱ߳Ե㶫
˵ͷ
īĬˡ
Сǰ棬Ÿոս꣬ûüɱAЦЦ
ǻ΢׺ݵ΢΢סˡ
ڻС̿ɲô࣬Ӻ﷢صš
ʱҲС̡
ī΢΢üֱĿģС̴СĻˡ
Сš
ͻȻԼˣ΢΢һ£ؽ
ʶСʵ
šīӦѾˣ¾ͰС̶԰
Ǳ߿϶ҵݡ
С̱ôضԴţ۾˼ĵɴˡ
ܿͱȥˡ
Сȵڵϣǳĳī׺ݵĽһ
Сȿ첽ߵСߣȻѸ£̻¶ĶƤ
ʱ
ԼλˣΪСǰһ
Сһ㶼ûв˼ģ
ֿ첽ǰ
̬ͬصڵϣ̧ͷС㣬ؽУء
СεЦЦҪ
ԱAһ궯ܿС̵ĺ⣬
СڿЩȻ˵ѩûнԣܹ
̣
֮ʱ׺ˣҪҧ
Aһ¾Ͱסˡ
;ʱ
С뵽ҪȥҩǱöԼȥ
ǵҩҵ**⣬ûзԣȥңϾҲܽ
С̲ˡ
صĺţһܾί񷴿ӡ
ǰҰɡС˵
AصصһС̣ĺ˺ߣˡ
С̱֮æ첽ܵСߡ
һΧСתһ߻˦β͡
ܿӡ
СС̣ҩҵķȥ
ûá
ABǾͱһȺ˸ˡ
Щʮֽƻ
˫
СҪȥҩңҪ֮ǰŪǱҩõġ
Ҫȥá
ŽţСͲˣڲƴڻСһ˲
˭һ
ط˲СǰƷס
Եġ
ߵսʿ
ﻹһطӣҩ
ڿС˶ʱ;ˡ
Ǹԡ
ҩʦ
ʱ¡˱ըȫս
Ϊ׵ط⿴һۣ˸ƣֵǴСϽܡ
治֪һˣѩ尵˴ˡ
ֻһС͵սҪļҲǵ͵ϵġ
С̻ǿҪǶѩսʿܵĻǾ͸һͲˡ
ѩС̻ǿҪлģҲڵһʱͱˣֻڵϡ
ء
С̷΢Ľ
ŭؿ˵ˣ۾ȫǷŭĻ档
ûĺӿһС̣ͼװԼǿҪȴԡ
ЩͷۣǾôˣҲûϢ
ûС̵ģæֵǡ˴СѸٳ룬ܵ÷ɿ죡
档
˫ĿѩսʿǣЩ˻Ѳ
˵һ㡣
ʱҩ棬ͻȻ˷ŭĺ
ѩսʿһ˲ˡ
׺ݣ
·ϡ
һֱš
СܹоԼ˷ɳ
Ĵһߣûг
ϴʱѾòˣǱˣҩʦȥμӱҪһʱģôû뵽ǾȻμ֮ľۻᣬǰˡ
ⲻƽô룬ƽ⿪ͱץ˸š
һѾĿűץС㣬ԽԽˬ
ֻ͵ҩģΪ˱ҩʦˡ
죬Ҫ֮ǰĸӽˡǱ۾ε˵
ҩʦ϶ҲǱ΢
ȻҩʦҩֵǮˣǣҪ߳ѩС
ҪλȥˣԺڵϴʲôţˡ
Ƿûϴʵ
ûڻ֪˵
ǲ֪ǣʱйϵˣѾѩѸˣеһжнš
һֱȵǿҪϷɴʱϴģЩ˿϶Ѿ֪ˣǻط
ЩģȥЩһ۾Ϳˡ
ҪǱץѩļε׶ҪǸˡ
ϴС㣬ҧҧƴˡ
ֵıҲǱ
ϵһɴĹԣ˵ϺڣҪæ
TNDʲôȻŭôѩ壬ۿڶҪըˣҾǸСģңǱߣһͨһ
ˣûʱˣѩҩʦߡϴ˵
ڵţٳҩʦ飬Ҳǵһġ
ҪֵܶڿţҲѾڶˡ
ʱϴŹԵֶڿš
ǱߣϺڳĬһ˲˵壬ر塣
û⣬ǡ
һŵĵȴУۿߺܿģɧ
ͬʱ棬Ҳ˸ֵĻҡ
ÿطȥôĿɡ
һֱ˷ɴ֮ϴһѩ˹ܲˡ
ôţϵ˾ͱˣڶ׼˵ķ
ӻʲô׵ء
ϴйıֿڣЩвĬĬıͣԹԵı
Сû뵽Լգۼͱˡ
ϺںڳԺں治ɫʵѩ
Сûлش
Ҳ⣬ЦĴСһ£Ȼ˵
ܿģЩ˾֤Сݡ
ֻôû뵽ġϺھ񣬸ƴЦû뵽һȻôôá
ĺˣǲģֻҪߴһˡϺ˵
Сʱǲ˵˳ӵĸһ󺺣ߵһ
˫ڿտյҩҺɫ˲ˡ
ԼƻôãҲˣҲˣӱ˸ˡ
һĨɫңһҪҳ
̫ˣһٸսʿȥҩʦǽˡ͡
ɪɪ˭Ҳû˵ֻٶѰ
ʱһ˵ˣѩսʿȫŸۿȥˣǵҲȥ
ߡ
˫ӻĳǱ߹ȥ
ʱѩİѾѯˣСķɴ
ߣȥ˵
ѩսʿԣɱ
͸
׿űͽļˣǺԼһģʱͱˡ
ûôģͱͽˣЩˣȻɹˡ
Ҳ֪˭ôķʡ
Щһ֪ˣЦһ
ҲãʡֻԼһˣ߿ģԸСèֻսֱûûʲôˡ
뵽ִˡ
˶˰ģ̫ˣ̫ˣ̫ˣֻȥ
ɴڣС㰲Ĵ档
ʱϵѾˣԿüҲ˵˻
ûˡ
ڿһȦ֮ȷûȥˣϢ
ѾˣûʲôµģǴݾܱ֤ˣ͸˵ҩʦˣǱ
οѩ˻ġ
ɴʻա
ϺѾüͷˣȫû뵽ѩô죬ǰϴȥעûá
Ҳ˵ûðɡ
׷ǵսһѾƫ˺ϴ˸һˡ
֧֣ҲҾôѩҩʦˡ

һĳ٣ʱַˣһԾǾ͵طˡ
ȵЩ˾սҲֻܸɵˣȻô죬ѵܵ岻ɡ
ϺǴŵЦʱƺûôˡ
ʽԾ֮ϺڵȫˣѾˣϾͽˡ
ǰķɴԾ֮ѩսʿɫǳѿ˶ɱϢ

308 ը

гɱζ
ѩսʿǸڡ
ɱȥ˵
ɴһӱ仯߼̬, ɱڵĿ
ѩʱѾյϢ, ӦԳʵ߲, ѩսʿ, ȫսķɴ
ܲ
, ѩ峤׵ıÿ¡
۾ȫǱɫĿ˵ɱ⡣
֮ǰ峤ĿעŽ, ûһ˷ԡ
İɡһվ, ޱ˵ţñ˸񣬾׼ȥˡ
Ҳˡ
˵ɫÿ, õ׼, Ҳ׼
ľһ˲ˡ
Ԥ׵ġ
ѩսһĵִţҿȥ, ûͣơ
һӵģļˡ
ǵ, ѩϳȥҲû
ô£ѩǷҪȫ忪սܻ˵
òײ֤ˣԼѩԽ, Ŷ, ͱ˱š
ܲ, ѩ岻ôûִģⲻǵΪ߼峤˵
أëһֱڵزԵ÷䣬ϸĵĿͻᷢβЩ˦һ¡
ӦòģǲҰɣ峤Щԥ˵š
Ȼ϶ѩ˲ôǸͬʱϡ
ͷŴԼͱòȷˣѩЩսӣ¹˭
սˣĿǰѾλˡ
ȥƺкӡ
峤һӾͿԥѿڶǸʲôɣ
峤սĬһ£ҿ
ӣҲӦˡ
ҩʦ˵߼ŭĶʵǵ׸ʲô
˵һӰǶˮˣٲѵҪսô𣿡峤˵
ҪĺйϵǲŹġ峤ҧг˵
ȻսʿǶѾȥˣǿĿǰľ֪㲻ǻҪɵĺˡ
ʲôģԼҪѩȫǼǶһµķݡ
뵽ǵʱˡ
峤ô˶Լæ˵Ҳûʲô飬Ҿ˰ǵҩʦ
һ˵˶ʱסˡ
ҩʦ˵ˣһӾͷӦˣҪ͵͵оҩ
ҪƽʱҲˣϾǸԾôϢʧģڲС
һŪãָҪȫˡ
ҩʦ˵˵ȥȥǸ
峤ɵһԸȥʱҲûа취ġ
ֻ֪ҪҿڲȥЩ˿϶͹ȥģ񵱳Ըѩһ
ȥǡ
߻û˵꣬Ѿˡ
ڳļһӾʹĿˡ
棬ڻ졣
ѩսһ·ƱһƵǵķ
ս䣬ҲõĻڼһ¡
ܿģǾ͸Ļ֣ЩѩսҪļȥġ
һ˲䡣
˴ϲ
죬ֿǹȥ
˸ÿѩͨ
߳ˣѩͨУ
ҩʦ˵ߺͻԼ峤׷׿˵Ψ峤Ӳ˼ĿЩˡ
ûʱ򣬾ǳ滰Ҳ˵ˡ
ҪûµĻѩҵ˾ߣǰԭѩλ滻һ£ҪµĻǲŽ⣬ǲŲԸѩӲ
ڣÿ֮ѩľһ·ϳ
ڳĳ峤ûвһġ
ϣʱѾըˡ
Ƶ
ѩһȫɣϴǻֻľذ˴󽫾ȫˡ
Ϊʲô尡ǵľӢսʿ챻ˡ
찡⵽ô£
Ѿȫս״̬ˣôѩսҿˣʱ⡿
СʱҪֿ϶ơ
ȽԶĵطͻȻãаȫС
ڱԵϵԹϣؼʱϴһ㶼š
ɪɪΰž黨ˣţô꼰޹ˣҺú¡
쿴Ǻʲô
컹ǰֻһ޹Ĵԣ뾭սֿµ顿
峤ѩʱ򣬾˰Сȥˡ
һδһԼֻΪ˰˸СԣͲ㱻ˡ
뵽ЩѹŴսʿǣ峤һκڣԼȻΪһӰӶûеҩ䷽͸ôĴۡ
ӦõģӦõģ֪ͲôЩսûš
һս׼ϵ
˻ãѾˡ
Ϊʲôѩ˻ͻȻ裬ԣǣһͨ˵
ǸһˣڽĹ֮󣬾ͻϢģŸոյңûüϢѩսҲѾˡ
Ź㳡ϵĴĻĺ޲ιȥӦʱ䵹صһСʱ֮ǰ֤
ǰûģǲǱʲôݺ壿һոմѧУҵսʿ˵
̣ӦȥľģЩѩͻȻܻɣԼҪô׵Ӣ¾ˡ
ЩҪʲôʲô
ҪҾÿ﹤ţʲôطûȥʲôҲûиɰҪں䰡޹ģ
أҪҾ˵ˣǲӦù̵ģڲż꣬ͳ顣
̫ˣΪʲôֻ壬һӲһķ߿
кЩˣڻŵʰŶҪ뿪
֪Լ뿪ģǶ㵽ĵطҲǺõİ
һʱ䣬ҳһš
ѩսڿǲûпʼں䣬ֻһӶӵսʿ䵽ϣʼѰʲô
ûü뿪ˣȻǺܽţûֱɱģ̬ȵסģһĶڼŶӵѲ顣
֪ѩǿϾһֱ֮ϳ޵ģҪǸŶˡ
գѩóļǵʱ飬ľǲ˲֪ˡ
Ҷ
һ㶼Ҷ
ǱߣСһˣҲѾɪɪˡ
ֻ尵ĳԱûҪĴģǻһţĺ㵽ѺѩԵǸһ¡
ʡҪʱģѩһڹԼըˡ
ӳҿûãѩǱ߾ͻҵˡһսʿ˵
û뵽ѩǱߵķӦô
ԭΪҲǺЩ˳Ƥˣû뵽ôܣʲô˵սֱӿˣ

309 ̫

, ʵ̫ɧˡ
һ㶼ߣһ㶼ѩ磡
̫, ܶӽȥˡ
Ϻʱ, ֱˡ
ƫƫʱ, ĹյϢ, ҪǰѩĴԸˣòɫϴԼҪѩץѱ
ϺڿϢ, һѪҪ˳, ѩѾ򶼸סˣҹǳ飬Լֵܳȥ, ͸˵Ѷȵˡ
ϵϢһӺ, Զʧˡ
Ϻڿ۴Ĭһ˲, Լܳȥˡ
ӳ, ô죿
һֱﲻǰ취ûӦ𣿡
ǰˣһսʿ۴˵
ʲôˡ
սʿΧϺ, һĵ, ڵͺɫһ, ûаõġ
Ϻסǣ˵ۼ룬ֵǣҪʱˣһζһҪ죡
ʱ߼ľģʽȻû˾֪ѩѾ˿ˡ
ǰ߾䣬ˣ߾䣬ʱˡ
ϺڿԶѩսʿͷƤһֻҪõĻⱲӶҪˡ
ģѩǻ棬˭Ҳ̬ܵȣû뵽һ죬ǰһԣȻȫˡ
ҪôŽᣬĻᱻϳ
ϺڽŵòУ˸Щɫˡ
ôѩսѾǽص¼֮һˡ
ϵʱʱ̵̿Ĺעš
ȥˣҶˣǰҵС黹ҷϢţʱѾˡ
Բۣǰѩ峤̫˰ɡ
Ҫģ˰ɣ
Ӧòѩ峤ϾذΧģҪץ߾Ͳʵ峤ҲǸܴİοѩ峤ˣһɣѩĿҲǳһ
и󵨵뷨᲻һλ
Ҳһ󵨵Ĳ롭
һ㣬һλ
Բۡ
Բ 1
Բ 2
ͻȻãغλ˵Ͱˣɹˡ
˫ĿǼƵǱߵϢ
ǿǵĲ²֮ɫˡ
Щܵģȫǵıˣ
ƻǣϢǣԻѩǣ˳սǡ
ӱ˸ժˣ
ҪѩˣҲҪһ£ʲô˵Ķɭɭ˵
ҪЩˣʱС͵ˣô顣
뵽һ
ҾûԹֿģû뵽ϳˣǺǡ
ĸòУЦޣҲ֪Ҫ䵽³á
Сһ֮󣬾ͷ֣Ѿˡ
֣߳ԭԼķ䣬ͿǸűˡ
ʮˣͷڵϣһģ
ѩսʿ
ܲʶԷǿǱ־Եһͷ׷֪ˣϴ
΢΢ЦЦ˵лл
û£ȥɣҶܵġ
ѩսʿȻδʹ˵ģ˵ʱرĲȻƺرΪСЩʲôֲ֪ӦЩʲô
С֮߳󣬾ͷ֣вٵѩսʿ
лսЩսѾܿˣһ̧ͷ۾ܿ
⡭
Ҷܵ㡣һѩľ˵
ǺкøеģܻǸС̣ѧУѧȴһ֮ıѩ״
ʹЩսʿڿСЩ᲻ȥ**
رġ
ѩսʿû˵ǶİСѩķɳȰ˸ͻȥ
ǵϢ䣬üȴŬºš
С㲻֪Ǹֿ¼Сţû˹עʵѩսʿĬĬעš
֪еİá
ϲԺóԵġ
ϲŴҶ
ϲ顣
ϲ֡
ϲչԡ
ϲЩ׵С̡
һЩе£ǳڱĻУôĲһ
ͺ񡭡
һرһĹ⡣
ǶĬĬĹעţҪ֪ǲǻһֱš
С㱻ͻȥ֮еѩսʿʼҪβˡ
һֱûǣСԵһϢ
̫ˣȱöǮ

310 Ǳ

ѩսʿԱ, ôôȥûʲôҪ
һˣʱҲһ, Ҫһ, ûжôеġ
ǡ
һ죬Ƿ·յСԵֹһ㡣
ȱöǮ
һӵģпϢսʿȫŬˡ
һ졣
ĴӪֱӱ߿ˡ
ͬռһ۵ķ
û˸ֹ
쵼, ޱʹĿѩ, Ǻò׾Ӫĵط, ֵǮ, ֵǮģ˻ϵˡ
峤û, ȫù⻮ˡ
ſյ칫¥峤ֻоʹ
ɸֵĿµˣ˵ĸ۵, ҪСԸţ
Աػսʿ˵峤, ϴ϶ԼϺڵ, һ漰ǧ, Ѿѩ˸͸ˡ
峤
һڣ˵, , Ⱳûбųһ, ϧˡޣ͸ùصϣҵǮ
峤ֱˣҪô˿ţҪһˡ
սʿҲǺᣬǸոѾ֪ͨˣ֮һ꣬һûйˡ
ǰǹӣֻѩЩƲҪȥԵϵ޵ģѾ޶ûôˡ
;ã̫ˣ̫ˣ
ϣѾв͸¶Ϣˡ
Ҳн찡ȥյ˰УȫҶѩˡ
̫Ľѩ˰ľУôǮԺúõĽһˡ
˰ɣ㣬㻹ԸأԼҵΨһҩʦС̲˵ûûˣ⾪˭ܵˡ
һƲˣǵʮ˰ɣٶȣѩֻҪǮ
ҲֻҪǮȥ͸ĵĵһͨһûˣ嶼˵ֻˣϾ˺Ӯ˻ûôˣһ³ˡ
ô°δѩ壬أأ˵õĸ߽أ
˵ѩĶȷʵһǰǾֻ˸һٵġ
ʵһ󵨵뷨
¥ϱ˵Ҳ֪
TMD߽࣬ԴǸʼʳЩǾͲǰˡ
ţѧУһѩ壬СС͵ģǰæҪô˳ָˣҪôշѣ




311 ͸

۵ҵġ
Ѿ屻ѹս, ѩţܸʲôꡣ
һһ, ûлɪɪΧһ, ¾ͱǸϳȥˡ
ģҲû뵽ֻͨͨһܰôͳôѩսʿ
, չ, ҲùԼ򰡡
, Ҫص, ֻҪ峤ǮǾͺˣû, ŹԼǰġ

ӱץʼڣǶûӭܵĽ, Щ, ǲǷ, ҪǴȥƤ
ϺΪ׵İ, 򶨣ܻܲȥǲ֪, һᱻȥ, Ͼһǲ׵, οﻹǼӵġ
еĿѩսʿ˵ȵȣǱһ¡
Ǽǵѩսʿɨսʿ˵Уʲôʱ͸꣬ʲôʱȥ
ΪʲôⲻУҪǱһµģǿܣٲ꣬ǾҪˡ
Ϻеż˵ţٹһսҪˡ
ϵҲûãǲꡣѩսʿ
ܣϺΪô꣬ûйҲпͣοҵѫѾһǽˡϺڼ˵ţȫǷ߷߲ƽ
ոջһĮѩսʿʱѾеˣѫ£
ûкܶ࣡Ϻ˵
㽱Ӧúܶɣ˵
ЩܣһҪռҵλãҲԼûб£峤ǲܷҵģеұ
ҪһȥˣǲŹ侮ʯǵġЩ쵰졭
ֵϺ˺üͻȻӦɫӵԥʵ㡢ǡ
ѩսʿܿ϶˵ǲκһֻܵģ˭Ҳִܿѩߣܴߡ
˵ԴǣȻ󻰷һת˵ԼԼġ
Ϻڣ
Ϊģڿҿҷܶ˼ʮ꣬ڿˣѵҪЩĹʺͽȫ³
紵أҲϺڰġ
һܣܿ˾Щ׬ǮȽ˵ôȥˣ㡣
Ȼʵ֤ˡ
°Щ׬ǮǲԼϺڻǴдĹʣŰһɶԼժ˳ȥ
ܿģҲвٸ߼ͬѡ
ѩսȥʱ򣬼ʮֻܣվڵϣţǸǾ޶Ʋս
Ķ
սϵ͸ܣͬ͸Ŀܻ飬ҭ
һ

312 ػ

СߣѾ˼
֪, ˼֮, AB༶ѩŰϢϢֻȥˡ
ﻹԭߵģ, С㵽֮, ҳһЩ, ˡ
زһ˻, ǵȫ⣬һЩ˸
ˮ𣿡Сתͷʵ
еġѩսʿ˵
ЩɻĿСóЩ, Ǻס
ʱʱ򣬺ܺõġС΢Ц
ѾȹӪ, Ҫⲹ䡣ѩսʿ˵
Ӧÿʼվڵ, С̣һҪϢһ¡

óЩԵġ
СԥţԼһբзз⿪ʼзܴ, һôȫ, һȥġ
Ц˵һҪӪʱ԰ζʳ˿ֵ, żķһ, һ, ܺõġ
ѩսʿƱֱɳ, ǿС㣬ĿһᶼûУǲġ
С˵ԵĻˣҲҪġ
ѩսʿǵ۾ССľᣬʳӦ÷ŲʮĸСʱɡ
ʳûãһʱ죬ϵζʳͱѩսʿǸˡ
ѩսʿǵ۾˲ͱˡ
ǲԣ˷ѡһѩսʿЦ˵
ѾСһʱİѩǣɱսʿһ˿һЩ̻
ûûǶǣ÷˭˭ġ
þûԵʳˣ̫ˡ
ҵģĪʣ
ûϵģǶԸǽ˷ѡһѩЦ
ոչѩսʿǣ۾˲ΣЩļһһ㶼ǡ
ôǣ֪ˡԱ˵
ԶҲġѩսʿϬͦΣһĽΣС
ѩսʿһ㶼⣬ֱӺСк
ǲˣСʵ
ǰȥ췣ȥˣûˣˡΪ׵İѩսʿһ㶼˵
⣬𣿡
⣬ʱˡЦ
С⻰˵ͷתȥöˡ
ո˵İѩսʿһֱϵı黹ȴһ˿¡
СתʱеĶѾѩսʿӹȥˡ
ոչѩսʿЩۣҪ˵⧲ģһԱһڵʳ
Ҫݺݵĸɫģͷȴͣһ£ȻʶƷ¡
ȷʵ
ͦóԵġ
תͷȥһ˫ڳ۾ƽᡣ
Աһ㶼ţ¶һЦ˵԰ɣ⡣
ǣҪ֪ǡʿ֮󣬻˸ʿ˽졣һѩսʿ뵽£һſˡ
ѩսʿǣ
һ֣ͬ屻˵ĸо
ϸ񰡡
û£Ҳûôȥϼ˵ѩսʿһ㶼顣
ۼһѩսʿˣѩսʿҲԥһ£
ܿġ
ǵıͲһˡ
ǲ˼飬ǱĴһ㣬¶˾ı顣
С㿴ǳˣûСָƼϵϡ
ȫоģúȣҶǳãвĹЧ
ѩսʿһ㶼ûԥԼϲʲôͳʲô뵱ǻǸֻܶ濴˳ԵģܽһԣмжӣԼ֪ġ
ѩսʿŰĳԱٿС㣬һֱ裬ǶЩûع
ϢʱڵļžЩĲɵġ
ǡ
ҶĴ԰
Щֵֹģǣһ㶼ᣬˡӴġ
˯ţԾˣѩսʿڿţˣҲû˵Ǽš
¿ڵƹ£С湤û˵
ʱһߵߣǰǰԱ磬ѧУЩСսܡ
˸ƣµ˵ͷ˳ȥ
Ҫ̫࣬ϲġ˵
֪ġ¿ɫ˵ֻ˯ţ
֮ǰ飬ҲӦõġ翴棬Ц˵ǲһģʱ֪ˡ
úһ𣿡΢΢ü
΢ĹУһƷȥᣬĮûһ˿Уüֻɽ
翴£֮ǰԼԼԱ΢΢˴˵ˣ˵̫
΢ҹ紵ǵķ˵ķҴҡµͬиԵĲͬ

313 

ҹУսʿ, ڿְ๥ų塣
޴ĴբзٶȺܿƶ, ҪͻƷߡ
սʿûһõģȫԼλսţһֱһ˵ľսʿӰ, ͣ, ȥϢ
̫Σ, Ҹɵˡһսʿ˵
ѾǸսʿ, ҪսĶ˳壬ҲǿӦԵ, ٶͲˡ
Ҳǣǽ˶ֻ壿һսʿʵ
ÿһֻ嶼ҪǼǵ, ʱСʳ۵ЩȻûϵ, ҲûйʣǣҲʳİĳ, ʳȻҲǶġ
ѩߡ
ô˵, ѾԼѾɶˣܻŻҪͷ, ÿһСʳ, Ķˡ
Ӱǲе磿
𣿡
, һ, ػɣռ˵ġ˵սʿһıۡ
û취ǲûãͷʳûطˡ
ʼʱ򣬻ֻһսʿûʳˣˣֻҪû꣬ʳͻᶪ
ɼģڳζǰֵʲô涼ҪˣʳͲ
ѾѩõˣȨҪϵĲУ˵ҪȫǴǱ⳥ҾãȥĻӦܹɹ
еǹ͸ĵİԼôס˶궼û䡣Źߵսʿ˵
һѩǴ͵ģǵˣҲȥģصȥҪͳսʿˣѾʳˡ
ҼǵڽǰɣЩнˣҪСһ£Ǯ
սʿֵ˼£ŵ˵Ĳܳô𣿡
͸սʿ
겻̫ģǽõѾĵ˰
һ˲䣬ƺ뵽⣬ĬĬתͷȥ
ҹ̫ҹΣա
СڷŶΪŶ
һأǱ26497467򣬱޸ˡ
СһͼˣηĵǱҰ
սǳǿһֳ׺ޣѸ㣬ǸˣҲкܴջġ
С㿴ƵлôıҰЩߡ
⡢÷ɲ˿⡢⡢عûвġ
ˮƬС⡢Ҳʮֲġ
ڹ½½ļ¼֮󣬾ͰѱҰĸʳ䷽ȥˡ
ȻʱѾϰֻӪҺģǶʳıܣǶǿӡڹģʳŻ˳
ڱԵǷĳֵĳޣһһĶѩˣַӳԵǻ
һǣһĹˣûҵ
ľѾȫˣôѩߵʱҲûȫգںڰǵ˹ȥ֮ľȫˡ
峤Ϊӣȥд˵ÿ˷һȥ޻صƱҪȥûϵҪǱԼˡ
ոõƱĺһûԵˣɫӵĿѩߺĳУ˵
紵뵽ԼܵʧĸɵƵᡣ
ǧ񣬾һرӵҡ
Ƶ
ѩ廹гԵİ̫ζˣǰ˷ʱ䰡ڵչѾˣŮ˵Ҫٶһ㡿
Ѿˣû뵽ѩôԵİ
ұôˣû뵽͸ܵײ͸ҫˣǸӪʳײͰɣ
˵Ǳĸ߷ڣ̫ϧ˰һкܶ壬ǾͲˣֻˡ
ӪҺ˲Ͳˣ˭ңһ͸ܵĻʳҵĻҪã
ȫһ͸Ϣ
Ϻڿ֮˲;ԼˣҪûߣͲǷеǮˡ
Ϣ𣿡һ߼ܾʵ
ˣҿˣûǮӪҺˡ˵һλίˣΪͺˣ粻Ҫ⾭ҪָҪþš
͸ܵķһֱĬ˵һ֮̾˿˵ȥˣͬʱĶӶ
ܺѰ
Ҫǻ취ɣ
ûҾãǿԹȥģȻҪ԰סҪʵ֡
ҿǵƸˣֻҪھҵԼϵܾ٣һ󵨵뷨
Ϻ˵ǲŻġ
ȥ˾֪ˣ泲½½ҲӦúҪ˵ģѾǸĹµˣԹȥȥĻǻԳϵײͣ
ʮĿǺ󣬾ÿ̫ˣǣСԼȥѩˡ

314 ر

ҹж֮, ڶ̫ʱ, ʮǵѩıԵǡ
ǵѩսʿȻϳ, 
򹤵ģǵй档һľæóԣ֮ǰϢ
ѩսʿüͷ, һ, û˵
ѾûǮȥ, ֻⵥ̵Ʊຩ˵
̫, ǱҲ
Щ˻ǣֱǵϢҪȥ, ҪǸſԡ
Ҫ㹤ĻǾܹ㻹ˣοս飬ܻġ
ǹĻֻܸǾˣҲɵġվձЩ˼˵
ѩսʿһɫˣֿٵĲ˼£Ϣ˳ȥ
ûãյ˻ظ
߰, ȥһ߸ɻѩսʿ˵
û˿԰ѩľȼ, ҪԾȼò, ҲҪɻġ
ľһ֪Լ˳ܹˣʱͶһ
֪뿪ѩսǵ׾ʲôȫԸȥ밡
ǵԼòȡĻᣬȻǴúñֵģ͡ȡӹʣ
ʱ䣬ǱȥȻԷˡ
Զ͸Ѿע⵽⸽µˣϾҴķʽ࣬ױϵġ
ڿܵĿ֮һȺ͸ǣ
ܸոսһբзԷֵıբзĴբзȱġ
ڿҹţһ̧ͷͿǰԼıǣߣǡ
򹤵ǰǣ
úͻȻһ˲顣
ãΪսϵʵ̫ˣ˫ҲûжĽ͸æȥˡ
С𴲵ʱѾվһŵѩսʿˡ
֯мɵվţݡ
˯һҹС㵹˭ˣֻһģ¾һС̣ʵ̫ˡ
СŴ޹۾ڰУҡҡڰڵġ
͵͵Į˵
СЦЦ˵û£ʶġ
԰С̣Դȥ԰ܻ֮С͵͵ĹҲֻǻῴûʲôҪģȻһЩܼ顣
û°ɣСЦŴµнӹС̡
ë׵СģرСֻСİƴһ㣬ڿС֮صĽţģһ֪ڸ״
һ߸״һצӣѵʾһº⣬ʾոյ顣
ССԴ˵ԺֱӹͺˣҪȻ㵱̵ġ
ССԲԲ۾Ȼǲ˼ӡ
ʮһʾԼṆ̀
СС֫վСϣ̶̵ë޵ģͷһԼıͷȻرĿС㣬ʾţԼǸɿ̡
СɹıЦˣ˵ţȥõԵġ
һ˵ԵģС̵۾ˡ
һֱԼΪصѩսʿǣɱģжһ˿ڴ
С֮С̵ı˲ͱˣ͸ѩеĮһĪӵϢ
¿С̣һ㶼⡣
⸱ģʶѩ̡
С˶֮ɳϵС̣æ̧ͷһ˫ںˮ۾С㣬ֿͣصĽһ
ȻǺڴӡ
Ϊ˸õŵʳıһһʣ׽ſе
ЩȲˡ
С˼ɵëȻֵɳ첽ܵСǰͷ
˫ˮ۾ȫĵӰ
һԵѩսʿǣ鴤죬Ȼû뵽ڵСô޳ܵġ
ոһĮĿӣһתۣͱˣôôѩ̰
սʿǵĿֱ̫ˡ
СתͷǿһۣڷСѾں֮æתĿ⣬Ľһ
СֱӰԼλá
רŸŵС׼룬ߴʲôģǷǳʵġ
ΪС̱ȽС΢ιһµġ
ɵ̧ͷë޵צĵСϣ̬ȼᶨš
ðɣԣȥ֮ȥѧУСЦ˵
ѩսʿǿССͣ츳Ļһûµı̣ӡ
ˣҲûҷǸλϣ׼ѵõΨһر͡
֪ΪʲôŴս⣬С׼ͣůůǵġ

315 

緹֮, СͰС̸·ڴˡ
Сֻ¶˸ͷ, Ķ¶䣬˸ˡ
Сöͳ, սʿǸĲԶ
ȥ԰˵طʱСѾ˯, ɵСģſˮ۾ʱ򣬻һЩã, ȻûʶԼˡ
ˣҪȥˡС˵
С΢΢˶䣬ſŲԸ, Сֹ, ˵Ķͷ, ˵ԹԵŶ㲻ܸȥѧУġ
ء
С̹ɵĶС, 紵ë, ޹ɰ
ʱ, ԰ڵܳһѵС̡
أ
أ
ء
أ
ǱߵСС, ֱӺСϵС̳ˡ
ߵ˼, 쵰, ȻȥƭС㡣
Ǳߵ˼, Щ, Сˡ
˫òɿ
, СҲСˣֱӴСȥֱ׳ĺСǼˡ
СεЦЦǰǵں֮ߵġ
·ϣСͼģСлȥˡ
ֵϺ֡
ʱ䣬Ϊ飬˲ˣˣӦҵҲ͸ˡ
Ȼ˶ˣʲô˶ˡ
ǰȺѻˣиȺãرϲ͵Ϯ˵βͣ档
͵Ϯһ£ܵ֡
ӲлĻ˭͵Ϯ͵Ϯ˾ܡ
ҿѻʱ򣬻ûʲôɫҲ¶βˡ
ͬչ£峤Цˡ
Ѿ˼ϼѩϳȥģΪ峤˵Щ꣬ԽԽˡ
˵ûһ峤Ҫˡ
ô벻ŶãͲɢˡ
⳥ˡ
Ҫս˴롣
ȻսûһƬǽ壬ѩ˹֮󣬶Ѿˡ
ҪڣƶѾЩǸȥˡ

ǰﶼǺܷģһ˹ֱˡ
˲æˣȻǵĵ̡
ô˼ôܽȥֻҪڣţһ죬Աɵһġ
峤뵽ŲᶨߵһߣˡϣصƵͼꡣ
ʱ򣬻ʡʡ硣

316 ӿ

С㵽ѧУ֮, ͷе㲻һ, Ҫ˵ﲻһе˵
طһĵط, ǻľλҲûʲô仯ͬѧǻһģ, һĸо
ЩͷԵȥԼİ༶֮ԭԻ, һӾӰ߽š
ȻϢǻ֪, ѩĴԱˡ
ǱĿлһ˿塣
, ѩ, ԭƽú޲ûи۾űĹ
ʵ, Щ˴˿, һᱻ˺ġ
˵AB˹ȥ˵ġһ꼶ѩ˵
ȥô, Ҫû, Сô£ͬ꼶һѩ, ŲƽȵĸС㡣
ûпúܽ, ֻԶԶĸ, ȥ༶
Ǹ꼶ѩͬߺ, Цһ, Ҳǣ̫ûãСôܵľš
ǣ˵İµһѩ˵
ѾˣѧУû׼ڲݵϵѩĿлź
վ޳ӰӰС
µѩ꿴һۣջĿ⣬޳ͦΣվŲʱһµı񣬻͸ź
·ϣͬ༶ѩջĿ⡣
ôСôֱõĶϣȻǵĴԡ
ǰܣԺҲܣ˭Ҷôġ
߰ɣǻҪŬУ
һ˵ţһѵȥ
ȥͺܴӣšݶѩڼСص֮һҲԾͻصѵ
Сϣŵѩ꣬Сȥ֮ҲȥԼİ༶
СС
ǰȻͼǡ˵ѩлΣյĹ⡣
һ֣ļ˾͸ˡ
վߴѧУһ۵ס
۾вǱôˣ
ôߵģһûзŹŲ˵
ǾͺãһҪǸۡԼȥսκεĸоѩսʿܹηĳ档
ζû⣬ѩĴԲС
ǲκ˶һë˾ͱȻҪ۵ģ

317 ž

ѩսʿû˿־, Զɽģ, κβҪĸ顣
ս߻Żȥսʿǵ
ǲѡκεĹ͵Ҳα۸ԼĴԣҪʱΪսԼҲǿԵġ
ȻѧУʦԶһѩսʿκβַߣԺı̬
, Ǳ߿, Ȼǲֵġ˵
İ, ڹġ¹Ц
˵껰ֽ֮һЩ, ֮µߵˣͷ·ʶһ㡣
ѩ壬ǲҪҪĸġ
ߵʱ뵽Ǹŵѩ̣ĽŲͣһ¡
Сʱ, Ѿʼսˡ
Ѿ΢ˣǰֻܼܲ
Ȼ, Ҳûѵѩǰ, ôõս, ֻ˵ǻԡ
ü, Ѿúܺˡ˵
, һŬġ
Сһ߰սʦָϰһЩֵĿΧ
ػ֪ΪʲôоЩͬѧƺӵճˡ
ӦǴɣ
СҡҡͷͶ뵽ϰȥˡ
ڸѵѩսʿǣСССӰĬû˵Ǹӿ̿Ͷѵȥˡ
⣬Ųһ˿Ц
ǲ俴һ֮󣬾ջĿ⣬ȥ
Զ֮ĿŸ
һֱΪѩģǴΪͣҲԼͺûиĻһʵִԼ
Ǹղţȴǲһһ档
Լûע⵽ȷʵǱˡ
ѩսʿֻսϲŻ״̬ѩСʧٺвٵѩ¶Ѫɱ¾һ档
ʵģ˽ù죬ֻѾȫˡ
һ㶼ģҲǸͷеӣ˲սһѡ
Ų뵽Լ壬ӵѩצޱȴǴžͳһΪĸӹˡ
뵽壬һ˲Ĳƽ
ûϵֻҪ񣬵ʱ򣬴žܹȡˡ
Ųʰס֮ŴݵߣܿģһоͻȤˡ

318 Ǽ

СһֱѵŬѵš
ȵѧʱ䵽֮, ˰ϵͬѧһȥԷ
սʿǸ˲ٵıҰ, ȫˣʱҺúõľ۾ۡ
ľۻᣬѩ߼ûоۻġ
ΪеǼС㷢ġ
һ㶼ûƴǣֱӾͬˣ˾͸˵ˣ·֮, Ǿ͹ˡ
ڻȥ·, С㻹żʦ, ԼһЩȸС̡
ţڴһȺҪȥʲô֮, ȸС쬵Ŀ⣬
СûʲôģȱʳοҾ۾ҲǺܺõġ
Сļ֮, Ҷ˸Եλá
˰˹֮󣬾˵һߣȥ˳
ܿ, һѵʳͱ˹
ӶǱҰʳ, ˮƬع⡢˿ǴＹҳƬ⡢ը⡢
µսʿЩԥ, ڿôʳ֮, Ͳƴˡ
ϰ, һ㶼ûв˼ڴӡ
ѩȻϿʲô仯ʵѾĵòˡ
ȸС̾͸˵ˣȻÿγ극ǾҪһΣǣĺó԰Ǻϲġ
ÿζڴǲһʳ̫ˡ
һӾͶ׼˾ԼĽ˿Ũζ죬Ѿòˡ
ÿζǿиģǲӭ㡣ĬѵõĿ˵
Լ˸ƬʱرҲرĿ졣
ûϵ㻶ӭǾͺˡһ㶼ûбĳ⡣
ûôϻˣ붯мǸ⣬ȥ֪ܺóԡ
պȽ䣬ȳ˾Լԭǲϣģһȥˬۣʱòˣ̫óˡ
ǶԵ㣬ߺܶࡣС΢Ц˵
Լ彴⣬÷ݺʵģʱȽϳҪƺɹý֭ƲУһ֮󣬻ҪõɣܷⱣ档
彴ɫǽģҪﵽ͸ĳ̶Ȳ깤ˡ
ΪСĶԱߵҲ˸彴⣬Ʒ֮ɫ͵ܺóԡ
𣿡Сͦ˵ġ
ţܺóԡһĿ佱š
Ҳʼį׷˵Լϲ˵ʱɫǲһģԿȸС̣Ϊüɫ⡣
սʿվӰһ˫˫۾ǡ
ͬػЩ쵰ȻƭСԵΣǱߴԴȣԼֻܿǳԺȡ
Ҫʱ䲻ԣǸһˡ
˾ſ⣬۾ζʶ壬˵Ƿǳĺóˡ
ۼԽԽˣȶź¿ˣɫ˱ǵʳ붯ˡ
һȥ
жᶼҪˣ̫óˡ
ȥóԣζ˲Ͱˣܺóԣʶ塢Ŵڼ
̫ó԰ڻع֮󣬻ٳԣӲŻعͼǱѾˡ

ܿûʱˣΪкöζһʧÿʧһ㣬һ㡣
ûʱˣǿ԰ɣ
һǿ
Ƥýģһ˵˴ߣ鲻Խľԡ
ȥõģƤ滹֨֨ͣһ㶼£˺һֱƷܿͱζˡ
⿾¯ɫͬ꣬Ƥۣ㣬ܿ˵ᡣ
ֿУæޣ¶⡣
ʼʱǰѩģûãͱôһȺ˸ͬˡ
ٷɿ죬һ㶼ûз˼
һıԱҲһֻ죬ΪְƳԵģÿһֻܳʮӡ
翴ǵӣһ㶼⣬ʱԼˣһ㶼볰Цˡ
Ҫ֪һ仰ĹȥֱӾٳһڰ
ǣЩС׼ģԺ󻹲һܲܳԵ
ۿЩԽԽˣСæ˵еģܳԵġ
ô˵ʱѾû˰Ĳɫ˳ˡ
ϵһʱͷŻ˳ԵĶΪǱߣûԹʳ
֪ģǵ̡ȸæ˵
ûǺܺõģ
ҪǣҪ֪Щ̿źƯģʵһ㶼ɿһȭ͵һѩ˵
ԭ뷴Ŀȸ̣
֮һ仰󣬶ʱɫ͸ˡ
ɣ
ѩǺܿ϶ӣһ㶼Ĵѹš
ʱˡ
С㿴۹֮󣬾Ͱ˿ŵͼꡣ
ܿģīʹAѩǽˣǵϻ
˼棬˲ۺˡ
B༶ѩǼҪˡ

319 

ѩǷǳµġ
ȸСһֱ, ǵвǾԶ֮ģ, AѩǣûаBв
īA߽, ߵѾŭ, һ˫˫۾ǵʱ, Ҫ˸ˡ
еŭ, ɼ
īˣȴһ㶼, ߵСǰ˵˵гԵ, Ǿ͹ˡ
˵ƨ
˾ݺݵؿȥҪһȥ
׼͵˵ġ
ǻе, ˵, ϸ΢, ȥ˾عⲻʱ򣬾ҪˣҲҪСԿʱ
ǣѾһֻŵ˾ĬĬ˻ȥ, ¶һ˹ĵ΢Ц, תͷϵʳ
B༶, ˺ܶû, ÿֻһݵģ
ģЩͿʼ
īϾĵţЩ쵰˵Ϳʼͷס
СıЩ֣ͷһۣҶڳԶЦ´ιˣġ
ǼӸ緽ʽɡīϡ
С£ҲûʲôģѹȥͱֹˣĿī˵û£´˽
ĿԵʱ༶ͷǻ䡣
ī֪ûϷˣЦǿ鷳ˡ
󣬼ҧгˡ
ò׵Ļᣬֱ쵰ƻˡ
ɫҲûãǰ༶Ĵȴһٱĸţʵ̲סһѵ
һһҪܵĸо
С̾һ˵ȥԷɣٲȥˡ
ͷ˵ͷ֮Լλϡ
īҲûֱӾʹAȥˡ
һʱ䣬⽣Ӱ
ȸСǿԼֵӰӣٸһյգٿϵζ
ƴˣ
һҧʱҲʳĶȥˡ
еĻǳѩսʿǣǷ·ܲκ쳣һ㣬ǱԵõĳŶٶȺܿˣһһ׼
ȻЩС㶼ǿģֻͷߺϵʱ¶һ档
ԡ
С̧ͷǿȸСڿϲԶ
ѩء
ȸС̣
СӣǿȸСƴвˡ
ѩء
ȸС̣
ⳡۻᣬСʱСʱ󣬴Ҿͻȥˡ
Сϴ֮󣬾˵ʼǣһֱҹ˵ʱ򣬲˴
СƤ̧ԺУҪԼһˮֲȥͼ˸ÿºͳȥˡ
¹غ֮󣬾ͿսʿҸĿ⡣
һ˿ҸرǳעĻ֪ƺʲôһˡ
߰ɣҪ
ǡ
īվСڷӵĶɽϡ
ҹķĴľ֦Ҷû죬ܿʹˡ
ڿСĵƹⰵ֮ת˵߰ɡ
ڻҶߵһ˲䣬ΧӰ
ī̧ͷȥʱ͹һ˿Ц
˵Ϊֹܹ𣿲ֹˣѩ塣
һ㶼ûбɢĿȷ˵Ҿġ
飬޹ءī˵
۾߱顣
û˵˸ƣܿģB༶Ǿжˡ
īʱɫAӭȥˡ
ûлսֻս
ͻ࿴˳ˣһν
¹£༶ѩòɿ
ϣսʿĿš
ǣЩǰ
ڶ졣
Сȥѧʱ򣬷ֺЩʶ˶ˣʾѵ˵ġ
һĿγ̱Ի󣬡Ǽˣ
š
ϣһǳ̺ۡ
īΪڰ༶ͷǿȥûˣǻٶǴ˵ġ
˫棬ƽĴ˸к
·ҹﻥŹԷ飬Ǹɵһ
롢ò
Сī˸к˼֮󣬾ͽ༶ˣBĬĬĸϡ
ŲվԶߵһУ΢΢üͷ
ӣA༶ˣҲȤ
ѩ˶Դûģ˵ԼҲûж٣Զһͬĺı̬ȼеˡ
ѩ嶢Ͽ˵ǷǳΣտˣΪһʼǲݡ
ұ¶Լǰ¶ʲôı顣
ļƻҪӵĽˡ

320 ƻ

ҹ, žһֱš
شԵΪҪȡѩ, Ȼشѩ壬ֻҪǳɹ, ͿԴҫصˡ
ҹ, žԽԽ, ȵöշ֮, ȥ񣬴֮һС
Ų׼֮, һȥѧУ
Щɲ߰״ŵġ
, ʲôʲô飬Ѿ͸͸ˡ
û, Ųʾ·ϿС㡣
һӵͳ, ŲʵײײĳСײȥ
Ǵžıû, ݼαװϣܵеġ
˼Ҳãҡҵĵܵ, Ҫһ˵, һסҪᡣ
С㿴ͷϵװë, ۵׻һǳĹ⡣
ž, ǻű˵̸ոճʱ򣬻˼ҵ̣Լ滻󣬾ĹԼȥˡ
Ǳм̣ôž̾ͻİ̸ԴȴžС̳󣬾ͻ᲻ǶȥԶѰԼҸˡ
ԣ˵ĻСһֶŵġ
Ųʿһ֮˵ҰɣҹȥһۣҸһܡ
ʲôܣСʵ
Ǳʵֹеܵܵģ滹ԴŲһһ˵š
Сһʱ۾ˡ
ԴɱһĻֵǮˡ
Ϊ˲¶ڣС㻹ǺͶŲʶ˵˼ģ齻ֺŻˡ
Ųԭģ޴ѩ󻹲ǱƭˣСĻ֮󣬾˺
ǿЦЦ˵ˣҲϣĸεġ
˵˾һȥˡ
һ·ϣЩͬѧģǲûע⵽ߡ
Ųб䣬æߴš
СӦһ֮󣬾ͼӿŲˡ
˵ط֮󣬶ŲȽȥˡ
С㿴һȦԺӺܴ
ڿʲô㣬ҵܵܡŲ˵⻰ʱ򣬱黹Ǻܱ˽ġ
ֻǺԭȵıⱯ˽ٴ˵ڴ
СӦһ˵֪ˡ
ŵǸĴžսʿʮĿΧŷС˽ȥ
ڳˡ
ȻˣôɡΪ곤սʿ˵
ٶȺܿ죬˵껰֮󣬾ҪȥץС㣬СҲûţֱӾץ˶Ųʵǰ
Ųû뵽ԼȻʵһ졣

321 񹤾

սʿԥһ˲֮, ǾһĴԣһδ
ֻķչˡ
սʿŸո¶ʱΧѩսʿǾͳ, Ѿͺܾˣ޷ôԴΣյĻ֮С
ҪСһٳƣͳǰ, ЩҺǴԵļһˡ
һŰѴžսʿ߷, һֱɵǽϲͣ
ΧĴžսʿһãҪץסС룬鲻Ҫôôġ
ǵȫ, սʿҲæ, ߵѩսʿĶࡣ
ԭΪ, ҲǼ, ѩǱԣˡ
û뵽ǣЩѩ尵˺ܶ࣬Щǰ˶
Ѿ˼ҵսˣžսʿ֪ʱѾû·ˡ
Ҷϣԥˣ졣һžսʿúᶨ˵
⻰һ, ʱսʿȥˡ
С㱻ѩսʿ䡣
Ǵúܼ, ս˵, žȻǲѩģܴôãӦǶҩԭ
Ҳ͵ˡ
ЩžսʿǺܿͱƷˣΪ׵սʿһЪ˹׵غһ
ƺˡ
ߵֱָһ£սʿһϲֱȥˡ
ʱûǰĵ侲ɫ㾪š
ݺݵĵС㣬ֱƭ˵ĸо
Ҳûã˭ĵġ
СսߵŲʵǰ˵ɣԴʯ
Ųʱǲ˵ģϾǴԣѩսʿɥĲҲδ˵ŰԵġ
Ȼǵ͹СԵġ
Ʈ׼ѵʱƿ˵ĲӾͱ˸ݺݵסˣһ̧ͷѩĴЦЦĶ
ײжԴĶŲʣ
һ룬æ֪Ķйˡ
ٶȺܿ죬Ȳ
Ǳӣ׼Ĵžսʿǣ΢΢Ӳɫ
Ϊ£ǸͲôԹġ
ȻˣѡȻǱб£־ᶨĴˣ񡭡
ŲʲŲܱôģڴžȥˣҪܻžˡ
֪Ѿ˵ˣ㡢Էſ𣿡ŲʿĿС㡣
ˡ
ΪǸúƵģ߾ˣû뵽һ翴صľǵԴ
Ų뵽е㲻ˡ
ǴžսͲãܻ֮쵽λӣһڶԴоǳ͸Ǳ˻Ĵȡ
ѩҪǰǵԴ
뵽ͲˣɫԽԽס
žսʿȻҲ뵽˶Ųʻ뵽飬һֽӢ¾ƣѩ庰İɣȫҲᱳȺġ
Сһۣ˵˭˵ǱˣϮѩԣΪֻҪԴɣ
⻰һڳĴž뵽ˣһѶ˵塣
ڻѩıԵǣźˮǲ塭
žĶŲʣ
žսʿǣ
ĬصĳĬ
žսʿʱҲ̲סˣҧǿҩ׼ɱ䣬ʵڲУҪˣһߵǿҩҲҧ
Ϊ񲻶ԣžսʿҲҧˡ
֮Ҳûܵϵͬ飬ĳС˹ȥ
ѩսʿȻǲǽӽģѸȫս
սʿ֪򲻹Ҳս˾ܣֻǲŴţͼһѩսʿ׼
Ŀԡ
׼ײкݶɱķĴžսʿǣûȻˡ
һһȫץˡ
ǲкýģٴαץսʿгʹ޵
ǲģİɡ
ûˣǲǵģΪû塣
ſǣ裬Ǵžǲܵģ
ǳڵġ
ץĴžսʿ鼤ҵķţӣֱӾͰԱߵһѩսʿˡ
죬̫ˡüͷ˵
žսʿɷƽȫһϵ̬
ǿǵǵ沿̫Ť̫ѿˣԱһѩսʿֱӾͰǴԭΣץСһץǵĲӣ´ߡ
ΪΨһһεĶŲʣ
ӣӣһ㶼˵ע⡣
ʱѩսʿҲѾҵžնԴʯ
ò˵ΪƭСҲѪģԴʯĵȼܸߡ
͵ȼļÿУǸߵȼȴǺٵġ
СЦЦԴʯݸѩսʿֶûá
ܿģͽˡ
СȥѧʣµһѩսʿŴž顣
£Сţͱһˡ
΢΢ЦЦҰ￴ѩսʿ֪Ƕڵġ
һ紵·԰߲߰īɫ֦ҡҡš
Ǳߣž峤Ѿըˡ
յѩ֪ͨ󣬱ܵġ
Ǳߵһžûй̶صģץˣҲûô׵ġ
û뵽Լžܾûá
žߵսʿǾʧ˺üͷΣԽԽˡ
ڴž峤оĻҪܵʱ򣬴Ѿ߿ˡ
𾪵ؿȥֻսƷѩսʿѾˡ
ǣǡһӦܵģֻһͷͿͨҲΧˡ
һ˰ɣҪ⳥ġѩսʿ
ΪԷʵ˶࣬ڴžսʿʱѾʶȤķֿˡ
ž峤״ˡ
ϡ
žȫǨ˴š
˵ǵѩģ˵Ҳ⳥ˣǱȽϹϣֱ˵սʿ˽µΪ޹أԡЩսʿǺʹžһ塣
̼ϴǱ𣿡
õ׿㶼ûˣǣԺǲҪҴ˼ҴԵעˣǰ峤ˣƶûôҡ
ֻһ⣬žߴߴܴ𣿡



ΪžǶʯоܵУߵĸҰ·ߣֱ׷ģǶŴɢ˵ǲɶõĺûѡ


ѩﻹһֻ©֮񣡡
Ͽ񴵵ĶŲһҭ̧ͷĻĹˡ
ȻǸͨĴžɣһѩ벻Ҫץȥô죿
˵峤˹ȥʱ򣬶ǿߵģڻΪѩ跢ⷢԴʯ
̫ˡ
ҡҡͷ׼Ϊ򹤡
ɰɣɣҺǲŲһ˵꣬ſȥҳԵˡ

322 

յϢ֮, ɫͲˡ
峤ߵģѾᵽѩǱȥˡһսʿ˵
֪ˣǴˡ峤
žȻս, ƭ˷Ƿǳóģû뵽Ҳˡ
ҪҪǡսʿǰѯʡ
, ǿɲɵ, ȻѩǾͷһ߰ɣֲֹǡ
峤, һβ֮Ͳˡ
ǰΪ, Ѿ, ֿ, ܹе˵ģҲЩ϶ˡ
ȡᣬǴӮҲûôģҪԺǷչˣҲǲܺ
ԣǰûʲôˣ, ǳ޵Ĺ
峤˵һ, оͳ
ǡ
˵û, Ͼ½½ַѩˡ
Թ@С㣬ʾѩ̫Сˡ
#ž̫#
˵һ飬ر𾪡
˭зʱ򣬺οҲûжСʲô˺Щ˾ȻôžȫǨȥˣǹ˼ҵЩС̸뿪ԭĵطɣ
1¥ûôĴԣҲǵһμ
2¥ҾǸĹˣ˵Ĵ󣬶򵥣Щ˶޹İ
3¥ҾѩûɶžôҪȫȥԵһô죿СӦͲȥ£Ҳûʲô˺ΪΪ˼һ壬ҲǺܳԱ˳ŵˡ
4¥СԷԼӲǵĸôѿɶ¾˵ҹҲðɣҲǾˣɶ˼
5¥ǰźʹԺӰ
6¥Ĳ˵һ԰ѴžߣҾͶˡ
7¥ѩҲǲģ鶼ɡ

ΪǴԷӣܿͳ˴ţŷӣͼˡ
С֪ʱѾˡ
üֱڻظȥ
δ˿࣬ĪȰƣСܹ˿࣬Ȱƣֻţ
һ仰ȥܹģûܹģҲϹѷˡ
˻ûʲôоĴòУﶼǱţʲôʱֶܹԴ
ƫƫû취ֻҷйˡ
Сظ֮󣬾Ͳˡ
ҹĳУƻ財
տϣһֻֻϺЩϺǩβʹ̶ֱӷڿϣ̿տԵʱҲܼ򵥣մξͿˡ
ѩտܱæµţϺⱻ죬һֺܺÿɫ
˲һ֥ʿϺߵѩ곯Աߺһ䡣
ûã˷еĻܹˡ
ߵ֥ʿϺḴһ㣬ҪϺӿŪȻС⣬ٰŻȥˢͺ͵ζϣȻװϺϺֱӷŵϿţȿ֮װٷϵζϺ֥ʿ
ֽͷʳܰԵֻҪһʼƮ㡣
ʹûֵԼϺⱻ죬潥һֺʳĺÿɫҲǺܿĵġ
ѩʲô˽ζǸоںϽƮʳӾϸг
ǰ쵽ԼʳȲľʹ˴Ȼſҧȥ
㣬ζǳá
һҧȥʱ˲ͱζˡ
Ϻ߾׽Ȼȥĸо񫡣
óôһʵ
óԣ̫óˣҴûгԹôζʳԵһܣҪݺݵĴһζͱ˸ƿˡ
ˣóԾУ߿ֵˡ˵꣬ǳջȻһĶſϵ⡣
ѯʵˣ
ѩûͣʹϵѾˣתһš
ΧȫȲĿ⣬һŶӵ֮Ҫæˡ
̿ϺǱһæ˷ǳĶࡣ
ܶŶӵģһ߳һߡ
Ϻó԰̫رˡһ˵
ǰܾҪȥˣѾµ˲ʳ׼ˣǲ᲻뿪
ǰ컹ֻһЩˣڲˣ̫ˣˣ˵Ҫ⣬˵ҰʳϵУʱƴˡ
˵Ϊ˳ԵģѾҵĹԣΪٶȿһ㡣
гԵ̫ˣһĲţҲ֪˭ôУ˵ٴһ꣬˼ǧĳ壬Ҫ˹ֳˣȻţǻǺܵĵġ
᲻ᣬ壬泱ʱֲûж٣ôһͳԵҪ˹ֳš
̫ˣÿعоԲˡ
̯λ棬кܶѩСŬţǶȽССݡ
ÿ˶Ŭĸɻרŵķ࣬еϴϺеڰеڴÿ˶Լ顣
ʱѾˣûͣϢ
ѵõķżʱ䣬Ҫúϵġ
ǰ紵ȣѾܺˣзԣԵĻǻϣܹлɵġ
ڷѧУѧѧͬ壬ʳʱϾԸµҪˡ
һʼѧǲԸģҵСʱͽ֪ͨǹˣ̫ˣѾˣÿ˵Ĺ涼˹ʡ
ûб˰ˣȻۣǻǺܿġ
ֻϹˡˮԱߵѩСһϴϺһߵ˵
ѧУѧǶտˣǳˣҲԼ
ڵ̫ˣǰ룬ҵĹһǧġ
ϺС˦֣ƣͺɻˡ
ǰһһǰǻڼļ񲻵ڵӪҺġ
ҪһֱͺˣǾܹˡ
İɣڴҶŬҲҪŬ
ǿ£ѩСγ۾˸ϲõĹâ
Եϡ
Ѿ֪˴žˡ
һ׳˶ĺɫŲЩǱȣԶˣƾʲôҪǣ
ûܴ壬ܸʲôҲʯѣǸ߹ͬҵҲ˵š
ǲǸϳȥϺΪһֻƻܣԸ⿴žġ
˵ľÿġ
ѩߵ͸ȻôɣǳԵúð೤ʱ䣬ǵԭЩ£һıʵˣǰöá
͸ĵݣԼܵߣûй⣬ûʲôʲôֵҪҲܵõ㣬ȥ
ԣǲûãѧϸԼ׬Ǯһ˲䣬Сӹûͦġ
Щ򹤵ģ͸ˣĹҲʵڣΪôôǲŲԸġ
Դô࣬ȻҪߵġ
һϣصܣѾڰųžˡ

323 ˷ܱ

ڿʳƷ֮ѩ׬˲Ǯˡ
, ϸоĻ, ϵǺ֮ǰûʲô, Ϊ׬Ǯˡ
û׻ôǮȥ֮СڵıԵѾҵúܺÿˡ
ÿ·ˣ, Ҳпӿݵˡ
ЩΣյĽˣ԰Ȼ趼ˡ
ԭЩ˵ļѻŵС, ͳһ͵ѧУѧ, ż, ԼҲȥ׬죬ѧУṩķκ˶ʹõġ
Ҫ, ҽϵҲˡ
ȻҽԺ, ÿҽԺµҽƻе˱ҽʦ, ֻҪѩ˹Զ۵ģ֧ûӯ
Ҫ, ˻
Сǣرڷܡ
, üһ, ʱ, 룬ҲǲԵģ˲ѣѲܴá
ڵõĻظ֮¾ͰϢȥˡ
յϢֿ֮˻һһģԼѶйˡ
ǳú񲻴ӣʵϣʲô֪
𣿡ڽԼһսʿʵ
ˣҼҵʰʰ͹ˣʱ򣬿ֱ߶ˡڲݵϵսʿֺǺ˵
ҲǣʱҰʳûûԺйʰ
û뵽ѩ岻ֹǽߵٶҲܿ죬ǰΪֻսšĴķһڵ
ȻڸﲻģǸöĻǶģѩǲ׼ˣԺλ治˵㲻ãҲһ
ģǱҲزȥˣûãڻ㲻ȥȡһѣ˵ܶûѾˣԺطܻἷ
ҵİҲˣˣѩͬǿ򻮷ָ𣿡ϵսʿһ顣
ĺˣһû˵ѩԵģȷʵǡ һֵܷ˸˵
УǾͰˣ
սʿǿĵʱ򣬴žǱҲյϢˡ
ǲ鲻ԸģЩ˲Ըʱ峤ûţǾˡ
ǣǲԸǲԸͲˡ
֮ǰ滮ǿأȿеģֻûüѩ˵ͱˡ
СˣΪֻһЩҰܡһϸսʿɫ߷߲ƽ
峤û˵ʲôѾвٵĴž˷ӦˣԼǱЩ͸ܸˡ
ǲǵóѣЩܶһӻˮҲ룬Ǵžıռ𣿡ǳҺɫͷսʿòС
ûһҪѩ֪Ǵž˿ɿˡ
ЩܣҲԼȥѰҸԴ֪ǱȲǵģ
һȺž˷߷߲ƽţöһҹû˯ˡ
С˯֮󣬾ʹȥ֮ǰǸСˡ
ǵúǸʱСôǰܡ
ܶʱʲô˵ʵʲô֪ġ
֮ǰҪȥˣ԰ȥˣӣպû
Сǰ԰ģ֮СŻˡ
ЩСһС㣬ͷɱ˹
һк֮󣬾ͰѴóˡ
ȻҪ͵ĶǴǴĶ
ڴ򿪿֮еСǶ۾̲Сسˡ
վǰСЩţ̽̽ͷ￴һֻۣû̫˲Ҷ࿴
ˣѩʹСϲԶǺʵйصĶ
СĶȫ¿С̿ʹõõҲǿԵġ
Щõĵʱȥû⡣
С̺ٵĿС㣬·֪С뷨ô࣬Ҫһİɣ
ʪ۾Žźڴ
ССʱѾаʾˣӦ˵̬̫ˡ
ûŶѡһ͸ġСЦ˵
Сһ⻰ʱ˫۾;ˡ
ӵһѺõѩԵ밡ͷЩǸ鼫Ϊ֣˷ܵСˡ
ΪѵãرϸСβ˦÷ɿ졣
С㿴ЩЦʱͲˣ˵ˣ͸ˣΪˡ
СһʱһХȻ󼤶ġιȥˡ

324 

ʱСһֱ԰С, ʱ, ȥˡ
ͬʱ, ϵеʳҲѾʽʼˡ
Ǽðȷֵġ
ѩĵֻ̣뵽һ֡
Ȼ߽ѩ֮Ǿŵһرζ
ʲôζ, ̫ˣŵ˾ҪӪҺһǼð˵
ոջص, ֮ǰִ, Ȼܷ, Ҳȥˡ
ûȥʡðԱߵĶ˵
ûģظոմ, ҸطϢһ, Ȼģû뵽, סûҵԶȱζˡ
á
ðߵ̨ǰʵʳ𣿡
á
ѩ̧ͷеĶ, ˵ʲôҪ𣿡
ܸҽһʳ𣿿ȥǰĺܲһ
ðſеζĶ, ڽ, ûϵ, ѯִδӪ
㣬ˮ
ǻǱڰǵϣζģζģζģԧͬʱֿζġ֮˾ͿˣԼȥѡϲĽϣմųԡ
ѩ˵ú棬˵껹ѵĲ˵˹ȥʲôĵ˵ͻԶˡ
Ǽð߽ӹ˵ͺͬصλˡ
˸棬Ϳһ˫֣ڰϺͲﻮϺкܿͱСƶ䣬Ư档
ţֵ㿪һ֡
÷⣬ԽԽۣȥ䣬ѩһֲȣʸС
⻬Ļƺ֮ȥӵζˣҿڸоͺܲӡ
Ǽðڿʱֽ˼ˣһŶӵģоҲоˣֱӵԧһЩԼϲʳ
ѩ󺺰ѻϵʱע⵽󺺵һֻûеģȻǸսʿ
һ£ûԵɣǳԳԺȺ
ǿ֣ÿֹġѩĴȻǺܸ˵ģһƿĿֺӡ
ȥӪҺһһðɻ˵
˾֪ˣˬѩĴ˵
ʱһҲѾˣ˱Ƚ϶࣬ѡиӡ
ﻹǲ˶ԵģЩ˻ͷĴߴͬȥ¡
ǼðҲǱе㳳÷ͷȥˡ
Ǹ飬ʳԼǰһһ졣
ԡڿԼ÷֮󣬾ÿӼһȥ鵽ζζˡ
ر۶㣬ɿڣһҲ塣
۾˵óԡ
һ̧ͷŷͬԵø죬Եǻƺܴ࣬׽ʱһ㣬ˡ
鵽ζĿڸ֮˼ûʱ˵ˣ̰ҪԵѪƤϺȡ⡢ˡȫŽѾȲˡ
ʱϰһĻҲˣڻζƮ㣬ܿͰָˡ
Щ滹ԲԸԵģǼð߲ų˼ڣͿǱΪһڳԵĿҪˡ
ȵȣϰ壬ٸʮǷֿԣһ˼æ
ҵĹ˵õĲأȽǸսʿ齹ǣһ˫ӼæʳҪֹЩζ
һ㣬һ㣬ҪС
ǣϴ㵹ڶٱϣ˭İҵĻƺ
ǵȵȣԼİԵĵܵܵģЩǡģ
һȥҪΪûԵˣĿӡ
ѩʱѾû˰ѹ͹ˡ
һŻ˱Źٵķŵϣó˲˵һߵš
ҪˣѾӣÿռһԼġ
ʱ򣬻ѺõĹϵһ̳߽ˣĿŲ˵ٷǳĵţȻ󽻸˻ˡ
Ψɫˣڱ֮Ѹٵֵ˲˵ҷǳģ֮ǰÿһ涼ʮ
˼ѾˣҲ˵ˣԼͻҪ˲˵֮󣬾Ϳʼˣûһˡ
ζȻԵĳƮȥ
һ·˹ˣ±ơ
·˹ˣ±ơ
·˹ˣ±ơ

ϰ壬ʲôûλˣ
ϰ壬𣿡
ϰ壬³ʳ𣿡
ϰ壬ʲôʱߣ
һ仰ŭ˵Եսʿǣһ˹վ׽ŭۻظˣҪԵŰɣ
ûǸոġ
ٶȲš
Ŀǽֵ˵ţһ˵һߺܵĳԶȿ֡
ſڵˣ
Ϊڸ֮ѩĻſ˳Ķ顣
Ȼе㲻һֱԣҲûа취ֻŶˡ
ҲûȥѯǲѩսʿҲˣֻѯĽְֺޡ
ǵģ˺ܶҵѩ꣬ǣÿһҶˣȥһңҪŶӵġ
׸ոմӷɴŵһɺŵζ
һ̧ۣͼԶķ˺ܶˡ
ߵĿȸսʿæǰѯʵǷҪȥ
ȥһʲô
ΪһҩʦǺֵģĺԣҲһ߰Ȼģ
Ǹսʿ˻֮æ͹ȥˣûãʹϢˡ
ѩ忪Ļ꣬ԷȽ棬ʳҲܶࡣ
Ŀȸսʿ뵽ոſŵζͷҲһȣ֪Լݵģˣϻˡ
߻ãֻ޵Ĺˣ߽ˣһ൱ζˡ
ײ̵ģڳĬһ˲֮˵ȥʣûԸó
ǡ
սʿߵúܿ죬żȲ
ȿٿʱ򣬶ԷǳصӣЩԼոǲۻˡ
ϸĻһ£һιʱѩϵͦģҪʲôûʲôΧ޽˲˵˵꣬˵Ƿչúܿˡ
˼ļӹ򣬿Ũˡ
̧ͷ£ˡ
ѹˡ
Լ̲ס첽Ǳȥˡ
˵ǰѩ̹ǸСԣŵĺ۵ӣʵϺر
ҲˣǼһúõһҩʦȥŪԵģܲر
̾˿ܿģȫͶ뵽ʳȥˡ
ΪոյսʿԼˣһĻһˣֱӾĿյϿʼŪš
ͬʱŶӵҲˡ
׼ǹǿߴʳƿʵǸʲô
պ֮ǰŶӵ̫ˣѩ곤ȥ˻Ͳͣҹȥʱ֪ͨŸոȸսʿ˵
š
˵Ȳϡ
Ϊ˵ˣӵŨˣûеȵǳϣ˹ˡ
ף
ͷһҩʦԷΧۡ
鸴ӡ

325 겻

#, ζĻ#
¥ұȥϰ, û뵽·ϾȻһ¿ѩ̡
ζ, ûŵǲᶮ, رĺţһŵҪӪҺĸо
, ڳǰҲŸոճӪҺġ
ԵݱҵҪⲹӪҵңԣ, ԡ
, һ찡
ͼƬҰĳϵͼƬҰϵͼƬͼƬ
1¥ǰɣЩʳ
2¥Ҳ²⣬ǳ͸֧, 建ͲΪ
3¥ôʲôζ
4¥лл¥, ɴ˹ȥ, ĵطôûң
5¥, Щʲôɫô, жɣ
6¥, ¥ͬðһģҲȥˡ
7¥ôΪʲôƫƫ㣬ͻأҲԣ
8¥ͼƬȻĶȻ뵽ϵؽյʱ䣬ļС¹ײײžˡ
9¥
峤ֱӾͰҳˡ
ͻȻģð˵ѩǱߵĻ˲˹ȥˡ
뵽Щ򿨵Щۡ
Ǯ
Ǳϵôˣߵսʿʵ
ѾϵˣǱߵϺѾͬˣʱԸӦϣսʿǣѩֲ
峤ʱЦˣϣǻڹ֧Ԯ
ǵǰ˵ʧ󣬻峤ؽ˲١
˵Ҳ֣ǰѩˣûӦһС鶼ܴ鷳
ʱ룬鱾ֵѩ屻˵ĸо
ԣ鵹ǻһġ
ڻ峤˼صļƻʱϺѾŵѩǱȥˡ
ſѩսʿĿͿ˹ȥˡ
ᣬᣬٱġϺʱ䲻ˣڼʶѩս֮󣬾ͶǸҪ£ԼĻ岻ϣˡ
ѣѩҪ˭ϳ治˵Ҳ֪ǲĴоѩҲʼںǮˣ涯ǵĳ壬Ҫˡ
ѩսʿվԭأϺڱ仯˵ʲô飿
ңҪٱͼƻѩ꣬ҪǴ޹ƻ⼸ʱˡ壬Ҳǡ
ֻʵģˣǺĻ͸ˣǺǲһġ
ѩԶĺѣǲᱳѺѵģ
ϺһԼ֪ȫ˵˳
֪ˣȻȥѩսʿ⻰ϵϢˣϢġ
Ϻ˻֮ϲˡ
ǲܳɹģôϢȫһ壬˷ѡ
һߣһߺĸ裬Ų졣
պҹһսʿˡ
ǲŽͱѩսʿδˣźŶû÷ȥһ
ǵڶսʿˡ
ǲŹ͸һһͱѩսʿƷˣϢûдȥ
սʿȽϽǻûãͱѩսʿˡ
սʿͬʱģһؾͻˣûѰһ飬ͱƷˡ
ҹǹ£ѺĻսʿǺսʿǴ۵Сۡ
˵һʧƻսʿŭˣҪǻŵʱ˵ôãǲŲ
Ӧǳ⣬ԣǳ⣬û塣Ķӳ˵ͨ͸ˣҧгݵͽ
ΪεļƻľӢսʿǼˣԼ˸һˡ
Ķӳʱ
սʿսʿҲûкõȥһľӢսʿˣڴһס
ЩСģ治սʿ
ͽ
̫ˣ
ܷŹǣ
ʱģĻսʿǣȫڸŭš
ǲ֪ǣûãԵжָӳҲץˡ
ĳٱץʱսʿЩǳĳĳٱץʱ򣬼һļžˡ
ҹУѩսʿɱ
һѩ尵Ʒϴ˿˿⣬׺Ѫ˶Щη塣
˵ɣʲôҪģվŵԱߣΧѩսʿѾ׼̾ߡ
Ļսʿ
սʿ

326 

ΪѩѪѹ, û, ˾ȫйˡ
ΪϵǺ˲, ѾŰԼļ˸һӹˡ
Ϻ, , Ȼûʲô, ӹһ㶼
žʱ, ǱҪЮ, ڴһʱ֮峤Ļ첻ʹˡ
ž˾óı, ֪˴ں, ûﰵˣһʱò, ޲ðǶ߻ȥ
ûã͸ĵĻսʿսʿ͸ܵ˸յĶˡ
ԭúݵ嶼ȥˡ
սʿ˵սйžսʿ˵ǰػĲǺˡ
ץĻսʿ
ץսʿ
, ǣ͸ĵôٱͬģ
оͷ, ׼ţ
Щ˶׼Ҹо΢ʱѩĽѾŴ󲿶ȥҪǮˡ
ٶȺܿ, ڻ峤ûзӦʱ, ǾѾ˷ɱȥˡ
һʱ, ڵƲҵ
峤, ô죿һսʿʵ
ոյϢѩѾˡ
ǰǲԴС
ǰڣǵһʱתʲˣǲжûãͷ֣źűˡ
ϵĽףûɰ
峤ѩǱߴ͹֤ݣ΢΢üĿעƬ̺˵ǲûģ⽻أ
Ļ£žͱˡ
⽻ٺսʿ˽
ҲǵùŸոոϹͱѩսʿץ˸š
峤Žѩ٣ٿΧǵѩսʿɫһ˲úѿ
ɱϢʹûпҲܸܵǲǿЦġ
һӶӵѩսʿڲͣĴӷɴǻ˽ϢΣա
ھùܵĻʲôر
΢𣬷ʢҶ﷢һкѩսʿྲһ̲סĻš
ʱѩٳ˹һʽ䣬ɢ˸еޱѹֵ
峤ĮĿ⿴һݣ֪Ƕ㲻ˡ
Ǹܵ峤ǷϣһӵĻսʿʱûʲôսˣǷ׷׷ܼ顣
һ⳥顣ѩ˵
峤̬뵽ǰյ⳥˵ʱ;޿ˡ
ͬʱ峤Ҳյ⳥˵
뱻ץȥսʿ峤һҧֱ˻ظȥˣԼɵģûϵ
ΪƽϢѩŭԼԼϴɾ峤¼˶µսʿ͹ȥˡ
һһսʿȥ͵Ķʹ
͹ȥսʿǣ
ߣѩڽȫ֮󣬾͸ɴĴŲ˻ص˱Եǣϻ峤εҽԺڿƣ峤һûӪҺˡ
˴ʵĲͶ뵽Ľ֮У˶æѩڵһƬپ
屻ץʱ򣬶ŲȴžҲˡ
һбϸ꣬ˡ
űйǻȥĴžˣŲˣŵĿǱðװֵˡ
öԲӪҺˣǿȥȴúܺãģǸӽ׳ˣë˼֡
߰ɣȴǻȥսʿȥᡣ
ž峤͸Сӵ뷨̾һӻǸϣû˵ˡ
žÿడȥ۶ˡǳԵá
Ұͣ뵽ϵײͣʱ־ˡ
ͬץĻսʿǾûˣûѩǣǱ͵һԵǴȥˡ
쵽˵ʱǾֱȥͱҰսһˣͬʱѩʳǡ
СʱѾͨſѩĺѾСռˡ
ǰҲΪкģȻǿ̫ˣ׸鷳
ҲΪЩĹߣѩŻѡΪǵġ
С㿴Źı캣ӣȥˣһҪĵһΣ֪һն
ˣ֪Ϣ֮Сûɱģһ¾ѩսʿȥץĵˣȻ԰Сȥ׬졣
´սʿܿ͹ȥˣһƬŵĺУһСʱҵĵץˡ
СյϢ֮ʹС̹ȥˡ
ŵطȥһĺӣѾӺԶĺռ˷Ľصˡ
öࣿ
ǺóԵģ
˵óԾһóԣ
ǿ㣬͵͵ĸɣܹõ
죬һǷ֣ˣ
һȺССȣͰ߻ϲıĵá
ǵҫŵĿ֣Ŵĺͬ飬ïܵҶ϶ɸ©һпȥô
СһȥץӵʱһСɴ׹Զ
Сתͷ˳жȽѸ٣Ͱﰲź֮󣬾ʹ˹ȥˡ
ǿиABѩʱ鶼
ܽ뵽ѩģһǴģǷɴϵı־
С㿴ǵ鲻ԣʵôˣ
īջĿ˵ˡ
塭
Сһīô˵ʱˣҲսаϵ塣
رĸգľûѺرܳԣԼ衣
ôСЩɻ
˻ĵīһۣһ룬˵ˡ
ѩսʿһģǡ
һȿСһۣû£ǷɵɴˣǴͶѩ塣
ôģǾ̫ˡ
Щ˺ѩһһͷɫͷǵĴ۾ر޹ԲԲС䣬ɵӣװ˸Ȼˡ
ʵϣһĶرײС
һ㶼ߴ׳ʱȴǺ͵ģҪǣرܳԣһԼ˵壬ʵǼʴͰ
ǵķһľǵΪıˣͳ̶ȸͲȣ˭˭ԶһԶһ
֮⣬Щһﻹÿߵ裬輼һĺãԴﵽԻ߱˵ĳ̶ȡ
ҲģΪ͵ƣһֱܵĴѹ
СܹµһԱˣŴ壬Ŀ˼
Ǻܸɵģǳ廹ޣԽǡ峤˳˵
СǳĴ޹ͷ·ֻһȺ޹Сһ㡣
Сĺ峤кûȷشǷҪ
峤״˵ǻСģ͸ǡ
С㣺
һ˵С˵ģ뵽壬ҲͲˣƾ·ץĴ׹Сɡ
ȻС꣬ͼһȺսʿΧмģбϺ塣
ϺںңԶģҲ֪ôսʿץġ
С㿴һЩϺ壬û˵ʲôͬˣϾ͵ĻͦʱģϺ˶ֳǺеģպÿǸһչĵĹ
ҲõǵİˣϺиԵص㣬Ǿǳʱȫԣʮʱͻֱ仯ɴԣȻȥûɴԵ˷
ȻϺսǿ˵ȫǼȱԵˡ
԰Сһ߸ɻһĵĿЩˣڷû˺֮󣬾͸Ŭĸɻˡ
սʿһ˵Ϳֵ˽ˡ
Ҳûаռˣܿľ˸ѩ壬Լģǳ廹ޣǿԵġ
ںǹ֮ͨ󣬾Ͱȥȱ˵
ڱϺС飬Ѿˣץģ˾ˡ
С㵹ѩսʿǴˣô˵б޻ĺãһԺĵĳԵûˣҪ˹ֳģʱͻȻȥˣͲˡ
죬ѩ׸ֳҵˡ
죬ϺĹʵ֡
죬ڱ˴׼Ա˵ˡ
ڰ˫ʱѾѩÿҪȥˣȻûб飬еĺۼˣǻǱˣֻѩĿǰûҵ֤ݡ
Ϊ˲ȥ˫Ӵ뿪ѩߣصԼȥ
ġ˵
ѩĴԣʵЩ᲻ã˵ʱֻǺĻôںʱѾȫôˡ
ԿСӣܹһһĴƱ˵档
Ц⣬øҫۡ
˺Ǻڰǵһ㶼һƫƫĿǿƲסĳķȥÿζڴ֪ʲôӡ
ĵ뷨͸࣬Ϊڰǵħһ壬κκǲһĴڣǲ֪Ϊʲôȴ᲻ıûгĴ
һرĸо޹棬**ûʲôϵֻҪ˵߻߰ߡ
ĿСһۣû˵
ԺҪ氡һ·ƽ
Сһ£ȫû뵽̫Ϥͬѧ
šС㣬˵´ȥǱ𣿡
ðС˵
BѩŶԻɫĿ˫ӣվСߣβȻȦסĽš
īɫӲˣû˵ʲôĿ˫ӣ
˫̾Ͳɱ⣬̧ͷȥ޳ͦεѩǣһ۾Ϳеͷī
֪ΪʲôֻǻδС̣ȴ˵ΣոС
ڿʲôСʵ
ûʲôֻǷ紵˵
˼󣬾ˡ
Ϸǰ˫ӻͷһۣС㻹վڲԶΪͱ
紵أ߲Ӱ䣬ݾ񾲡
ģ
ȴҲ޷ǡ
˫ӻعͷ˷
ܿͷˣ£ɵʧ
ȥСѩǣ׼߾͵Ұˡ
ƣɳ̲󺣣һصĺӡ
򵥵ˣըӵζҲСЦе˵
ѩǲĸ༶ģʱĬûдܡ
˽ѾûˣСǰʱԶǽɿɿģ
СʱѾ˺ܶˣѩҲҪǱǱȥϾѿˡ
һʱ䣬˱С֮⣬ȫȻĸɻš
СҲûš
õ֮ͿʼӼ嵰ˣǵ˶࣬Ҫӡغӡӡ
Ƶشţһζ
Уÿ˶æµԼϵ顣
ߺöຣӣǿһ㡣
ÿǶҪģǲǻȥ
û
СһѼźӣһͯͯš

327 Ǽ

ѩĵ, ɹԼŷ
ǵսȻǿ, ³´л̫ˣҪͣĽʳһ
ҪҲˣҪԺõĲ, Ȼͺ档
峤һĹ֮, ʯͷϢ, ù, ʳǲ, Ҳá
Ϧɽͳ䣬յӰӳ˺֣紵ʯͷߵĲݶҡ
峤İĺӣŲԶæµǣЦһ㡣
Դ˷ֳ޵ر֮Ǿȫ׼óȻǻᱻ, ټȷʵࡣ
һ·Ϲ, ˵Ǻܲˡ
Լķ, ͳһģԱ߻һ֧ӪҺ
Ϊ˳Եøһ㣬һǲҪʵ, ס, ȲҧһںŹ, ʱòˡ
ûɹսʿеĻΪԭ, ҧľ, еʮ׷еԾľ֮䡣
ǵỬʺ̽ѰѨҲܴԾڸɹʯлӾʵǣƳ
СһϷˣţҲܽ䱸żսʿǷŹȥСͳҲᱻɱ
ŵζˣСǵ۾һӶ峤޹۾ԲԲĶ俴޺
Ϊ峤֪ЩһʲôеģסԼķУǻԷ̶ˣ˭ҵ˭ȥ
һ仰ȥּʱʹܳٵսʿȫЩС̵ļҳǡ
֮ǰҲѾˣֻٶɵ㣬ܵõʳ
һսʿ˹ȥסԼҵӣ˫Լһִֵ۾Ĵһƨɣ˵ߣԷȥ
С̶ʱͻϲˣǵĲ˲丸׵Ĳӣ
ˣˡһϴѪսʿ߹ȥԼС̾ߣҲˡ
սʿͨģǾѪĿŭֻҪдɱĻᣬǾͻŭɱɱһֻɱһֻ
Ȼڱĵطаǵ߹ǾȫǼʳĽָˡ
̷սʿԾ׷Լ̣û˵ʲôֱӰ̴ˡ
еսʿûΣֱȥˡ
ûãСǾͱˡ
峤ĵĴԼķУųһڣͷַһⲻˣĬĿţԱ߾һצӡ
һӾͰСһϳˣüһ⻹û˴ߵ̣ҵӡ
Ŀԣ峤һС̣һŷУ׼԰С̸ȥٺúóԷ
ϦĹ£һһСӰغһżСǺܿͱѹȥġ
紵أּСƻ֡
һߣϺҲڿҿҵĹţǴֳķװһͷīɫͷԺ󣬸ʱûһ͵
˵ǵ˵Ǻܲˣס˴𣬺òӳײ壬߸ɻȥˡ
ڼ仹˺ܶ飬Ĵˣò׵˵Ǳѩ壬һġ
гкסģ˵ˣǱǰԼס򶼺˲٣ҪǻŽһġ
˵ʲô̫ˣҪĿǣоĵķֳ⡣
Ϻǻţȡѹá
ϣʳȻ
˵ֳĹǿԼԭҰС룬ò£ǮˣͰɡ
ܿģΪ˳ʵģϼҴɴѩǡ
ǵĿȷˣһʱͱǺӵĺ̲ǰǺռߣռˡ
һʱ䣬ɽ˺ַǷ
Сûţѩսʿ׼ԼտĹߵȣǱ߳ˣ빺Ҳġ
ЩʲôҲ׼ˣ˵ǳԺһˡ
οҲûС׼ͰƵʲôĶȥˡ
ںֱЩûˣֱӹۿγʳġ
רֱ
һĴڡ
ʱ䱾ѾԷˣкܶ˹·Ǳߣֱ˵ˣû£ҹǿԵġ
ϣʵĺӡ
ЩӺܴ󣬲Щ˵ǲԵģΪóԣ
ÿ˶ԳԺܶࡣ
ʵĺӣ˺ζһˣֵˡѿõĺӼеϡ
ԱߵͰﻹвٵĺӣȫһץģЩȻܵǹеģͦ۵ġ
ȥͺóԡ
ȵȣȳֱڳ԰
ιιι͵ԲãǲԵġ
һ͵ߺ֮ҲʾĿʼһһˣ˵껰ͿһȺѾΧӿʼʳˡ
ε̾һ˵ɣЩһҪǱҵ·ѣʹȥˡ
εı̫ˣֱһƬ
ҲԣٿЩڳԵ̫ˣһûüһͱˡ
̫ˣǶ˭İְ֣죬ҪԳ壡
һͰĺӣˬѾѿյģ⺣ģʽˣ쿾
բзҪоͺˣСϺ
һǣµзƳףһһģִ㣬춼зζ
Ľҽû
ߵзƹҲϲһԺһ̵ԽԽ㣬ͣԵҵβͶˡ
ÿοֱѩʳҶȥԹۡ
Уͬԣ
Ҳõ㣬Ҳѩտ̯ţÿһһ֣ϰ廹ϣ
ͻȻоײˡ
ͻȻоʲˡ
ԭҲ
غͻһ߶ȼٵģΪ˫ӣǴһжġ
Ҫǻ⣬뿪ԼҲץסȥ·˳ѩǳԳġ
ЩұΪῴõġ˿ˮ͵ܵ˵
ĵĿۣ˵ҪԵĻԼֵģǳԲµģҪԼԡ
˵ģܳӪҺûûζ֪ܵʲôУҲ˵ˡ
еĺӴѩɫտۡ
ûãͿһ̡
ѺӴŵ֮󣬷ŵˣרĵٿŵڶݣʱ򣬿ģˬǱµġ
Ҹ㣬Щʵõģ㿴ҳԵö࿪ģʳ
һ߸ȥһ˵Ż
Ͳˡ
ⲦŪһǺӴԽŪ͸оԽ㡣
ʱѾ¿ʼˣŻ˵ȥʱҲҲȥ
ȻǻüսϲУŸּܣ׬˲Ǯģÿ˶Դ絽ͣתһЩ񼲲
۸磬ûעߡ
Сֶ˶ƵϣƵˡ
Ѿõˡ
뵽ոƮɢζһ¿ˮȻѸٵ֣øӿٵĶѺ
ִֺĺӱԺһֺ˵ĸо׽˼֮Ѹٿ۸磬ȻСȥˡ
һأء
ؾأػʲôûе
ôһֱš
عʱѾˡ
ʱ򣬻Ѿֿһ̣Ҫ߹

⣺
̲ϣġ
ĶͷӷŵϣֱץסܵܣһֱԵԭ򣿿ɻ
㣬㣬Ҫıɱ׵˰
·ǣߵమɱ¶Ȼ΢ЦԼȥˡ
紵ҹɫеɳ̲ҵȼš
ϣЦϡ

328 

ѩĺȫǼʳ, Ҳǿ, ЩƤľֱӹȥѰˣƤҲ̽費Ҫսʿ塣
ھش֮󣬾Ҳû
ǿ, ڵѩĲǡ
ǰܾóЩ˻ð, ǻһ, ûû, ЩҲ֪ô, Ǯķ濴ñ˭ء
ˣϴβսʿˣȥҪĹ򡣡
峤˵ţѾȥ, ġ
ȷʵѩ̫ˣǻǱܿɡ
֮ǰ, ǾͲҪٸ, ôսʿ۰
ǰ, ˵ȥͳƴ, Ǻò, ȥս, ȥ, ˵Ĵʳá
ͬˣѩռô緢չһ±ķ档
ܵش֮󣬾ͷСûˣûˣǺѩһһһǮչá
Ȼò˶ãǵҪЩܺûˡ
Ǿ̫òʧˡ
ڿǰֵ³֮̾ûֵˣ岻Ǹ߹ֵܡ
ѩ塭
ĿǰҲǲǵģϾų˴ҪʲôߣҲǺõģΣСյͣɹʻߣǮ׬˵㡣
ЩͱߣսʿǮȣǸ¶
嶼Ҷѩºֵʱ򣬾ͷֵѾѩĵˡ
ûģƭƭȵġ
ӢľڤĬԼ䣬ֱӳ嵽ѩʳˡ
ûʲôͷ׼߳õĴš
ȻҪȳԺ˵
ֵģһǾŵ˸ֵζ
ܶܶûмʳȫУҿȥܺóԵӡ
ΪܹԵöģһĵȥˡ
ϰ壬ÿݣڤ󺰵
ţݡĬ˵
ǽʱͿˣĺóԵġ
Ϊ̫õĹϵ滹кܶŶӣڤ˿ĿԣĬ˿һĴբзԡ
˵ϻкܶûмʳǴＹ⡢š
ǿţˮ
ܿģ˾ˣһû꣬ԱߵԶ¼ϣʱȡ
ڤȼеǱÚʸǿۣһֺرĿڸС
ĬеǾԼ⣬ɫڸɢζºУҪǣζʮֵ
ֵһʼԣͣˡ
ǴŹＹģĽֶ֭⣬رóԣһͷͳһˡ
±һر͹ͷһҧȥʱ򣬸оĶˬˣҪմǾرĴˡ
ˮ⿴ȥ⻬Ө֡ⲻ塢ʣζʱ崼㣬Զٶ塭
ڤ;ĬԽԽ죬ԽԽģһֱԳˡ
ѩսʿ׼ŵʱ򣬼ߴߣ͹ˡ
ʻ𣿡ʵ
еģûǮڤֱ˵
ĬһԿ϶ĵͷ
ѩսʿˣôǵ˲٣鷳ȴǺٵģ͸˵԰ˡ
ۼѩսʿϵϢˣֵ֪ܲվţǿȥִȣ˵Ļǵʲô
СߺܿյϢˣĵ԰͵ġ
ͷ壿룬ͼˡ
رɳ
·壬Сİ˼ҵŵһߣԼԲ䡣
Ҳֱͣ
ճû¸ɵʱر䷶վҰⷢ˲Żؼҡ
ȻܴȣǾͷǳưʪصߣʵǳǿȥòˬܴߡ
󲿷ʱͷ˶൱Ĭģżûж׾
Сȫûһѩ԰ͣ뾨ͷҲûʲôˣʲô·ôȻ
Ȼȥ͸İɡ
Сô˵ûԭģһ߱ռˣͺȣ˿е
ϰԽƻǿϲڳˮ˺ĺ̲ԾСûֱӰЩ˶ĵͿս˵ȥˡ
ЩͿǵζӪֵߣǵĹҲǺǿġ
Ǳȱˣȫֵܹȥ
ǣ˰͵ֵܣܿͱѺ˵һطˡ
ĵͿ㣬ֵܿʼ˻ծӡ

329 İ

硭
С̷ǳСĺѲߵѩսʿ, ίı죬һӾ͵ˡ
ѲߵѩսʿͻȻǰС, һʱǿ⸽ûǼҳģ֪, ⻹û˵, ǰС̾Աһһĵˡ
ʲô𣿡ѩսʿüͷʵ
ҡҾʣƭƭǲǻᱻץǣ˵, ǻֻ޹С̣Ҳᱻץ𣿡С̧۾, ۿдתš
šѩսʿǳ˵
ɵĽģ, ֱ, С̱뺿޵, ôһ̬ȸҭסˡ
Լཱུ壬Ҫǽȥ, ǾͰһˡ
ͻСһ⼸С, ͬҲ뵽ôһ, Ǳѩ˰æһʱģǲŵûü, ͿǾͷսʿˡ
԰, ȥ͸ˡ
Сһ۾һ, رĲ, , Ҳû˰ο
ûˣǾһ޵ġС˵
Ļո£СҲæ˱顣
ѩսʿţǻصĵ˵ͷȻתˡ
Ҿãбģǲȥ͸ġ
ûǿֱģһϵлƷѩʳȫһ飬Ըȫġ
ðɣǱǹԵģҪĽȥˣͿˣǲҪ˰ɡ
һ˵ţһԶˡ
ĬںѾץ˲ٵĵͿˣ׼ȥ˵ʵڵģǵЩϣֱ͸ûһ
ڤſ޴ĳӰϷ£ѾüˣЧʿ˵Ƿǳġ
ô˻ڹûбʲôԭˣΪҹʵ̫ζˡ
ʱֵѾڿҿҵĹˣȫ֪ʳǱԼһСһСŲ;ĻС̡
ֻźúùȻҹ
ߵѲѩսʿվעǾĺ
ǵãһֱЩǵֻ鷳Ȼˡ
ǰǳɱǣǰѳ˲
սʿһ˿ӵĲ
ǰߵʱЩӣûһ첻ѪȵģսǶٶսˣʼû취ߣ߲ˡ΢΢۾ſʱһѩսʿ
߰ɣѾˣôһѩսʿʵ
һЩǰ顣սʿһߣһ˵
ɫµĺˮأ䣬ǵӰŲƶţ紵ľ΢ĸO@
飿սʿʵ
ţ񻨿ʱȥѣѩܺáսʿ˵
ʱһߵĳزȥˣһ桭
á
΢̵ĺ紵ɫķսʿսʿڻȥ·ϡ
Զеƻͨ
ϡ仹ֵĸӺԶĵطżĻðǷֵЦ
ҹУѾִˡ
һҹɫСϣҰݷϤϤ
ֻܰʣǡ
ҶһֵĸоҪһֺܿĵĸоɻ˵
ָоƺֱֺܸӣûиܹҲ޷˵һʲôĸо֪Ǹ˶˵رġ
˾ʱЦˣ˵ҲУһ˵ĸоҪģҲܿġ
뿴˺
ҪĶ
ҲϲAЩˣܸоġ
Ҳǡ
ᵽС㣬ǵĽŲ˲١
¹£ǽɵš
һͬɻʵʲôоǰûеġ
ĬܾõĬ˵Ǹεա빲ֵ飬Ƕĵġ
ǻȻ
ԭôӵĸֵ鰡
ûǶĵġ

330 ǿΪ

ҹɫ, ĬصԼסĵط
ȥһļž, ûˡ
ŷɵûлȥ, Ծߴ, վǱ߿ɫµľɫ
Ǹʱһαҡ
޴տķسһ䱻䴵Ļ, ɲǵģ䵽ĵס
֪ǲԼ, ȴ, ܹ࿴ۡ
ۡͺˡ
Ĭͦվڸߴ, ЩȻ
°, һ̿Į, пᡣ
Ҳ˵, Ҳƭˡ, Ҳƭ㡣
ૣܿͱɢˡ
A༶ʱѵš
ÿ϶źѶѾʪ͸ˡ
, ȴûһ˷, ŸԵѵ
һֱ, ǲŷŻ˶, Ȼûͣ
´ο, һҪЩˣ֪һ£ʵеġ
˵ѩ꣬ûзԼѵߣһı˵ݣȻˡ
˵ˣǲͨģBЩͬ⣬ҲȫУһο˵ʱֻҪǰȫܣܹѴҪˡ
ܲϣ˵ر䣬Ķܱ׼ȫû⣬ȴ˭óǳĲˬرĲˬˬˡ
ô˵ǶǻѴҪģѩһǿΪֻҪοǰ棬Ǿܼˡ
û
ֻBѣǻ䲻Сԡһոѩһƿ۾
زֹ룬༶ģûǿº͵ѩҲ˵ʱȻȴĪĸһΣոС
īû˵Լѵ̧š
ˮĶͷ䡣
ڵϡ
һ˫۾һ˿ɫѵɢŲַơ
ãīͣеı
ǿǰѵ˰ɣزҪˡī˵
İɣǲġ
Ѿ׼ˣؿˣġ
û⡣
Aߵīǰһ˵ͷ˵߰ɣȥ
һˡ
һϣֻСǱȽеġ
ճо֮󣬾ȥԼϲˣڿҪˣҲһ㶼ţķĿˣѾ׼˵ġ

331 ĸı

һ졣
ѧУѧǶȥط, ѧУԵЩž
һѩߵ˰칫ҡ
˵
š
˽˵ύ, ׼ȥ
Щ졣
Դϴδս֮˾޿, ˵ÿڸɻ, ˵ǲ֪ŸʲôһһĹš
̫ˡȻǺܿĵġ
ϵĶزǲܽģֻ, ǽ⿪ˣҲ˷ڵԴ, һֱûȥ
, 㲻ȥս, һȥ, ܹ黹õġ˵ѩ庺İ嶼ǻеģһΪڻͬ鳷ʱµˡ
˾ͺ, ȥ, һ趨˵ġ˵
սʿͦεվ, һӽ˷磬˵Ұ
ͷӣ˵㲻𣿡
ѾȥѧУ̹, ˷ʱˡ˵
ܾˡ
û, һԼȼʱ
Ҳ֪Ǵʲôʱʼ, Ҳûбج, ҲûǰЩ顣
ǲ, õЦݰɡ
ֻǿôСôŬš
ѩսʿᶨҲ˷ʣµʱˣҲǰ·㡭
չ˺
˵ͷ˵û˲ϲġ
ˣһϵʱ򣬺ᣬ·ûʲôһ㡭ȴޱȵҪ
֪ʲôʱʼǶڿע
ĬĬģӲš
ѩսʿõԼҪĴ֮תˣ˿ѾûĮȻ޿һϡ
һһߣУ԰ķ磬ԼЩķ˵ӡ
վڰ칫ҵĲߣԶȥıӰ
Ѿǵһˡ
Щӣ½½ģսʿʼˡ
Щڽֵϵ߶ٵüûˣ֪ʲôʱʼѩ忪ʼòһˡ
Ŵ΢΢Цš
ЦסˣԭҲòһ
Ǽһﻹǲ˰
Цҡҡͷȥ칫ˡ
΢紵У԰ҶִԶУ԰͸һз·û䣬һַ·𶼱ˡ
ʱСѾڷɴˣҪȥĿ˵صΣնˡ

332 ԰ȫ

ص˳Ǵҵ, ͬѧУͬ꼶һ
СûͬͬѧǣûлţȻĽˣϾͲʲô˵ӡ
˷ɴ֮СȥѰԼλˡ
ɴܴƺ˱ĵطȥˣֻʮ˻λϣеڿ, еڿսƵ, еĴڱĿ
ǵԼսУСŵʱ˲ٵҩġ
ʱ, ѾҩŵλϵĹˣûָǴ򲻿ġ
Сڻ˵, ŵλӾͷ֣֪ʲôʱѾȫ̧ͷ, Ŀ⾪ϲС
ԣ
ҩʦ
û뵽, һôãȻѩĴҩʦһɴ
̤Ѫ׬
еĿŵʱ򣬻˵𾴵Ŀ, 벻ҪŷɴϵĴԡ
֪ġ
ĺˡ
Ƕ, ԰ȫ
ֺǺǵĿС, ̬쳣, ȴûǰš
Сҵλ֮󣬾ѵǱȥˣȥûа༶ڡ
ѵкܶˣСһȥ˶ͣˡ
ƺΪǸûԻǺζĵطһЩ֪롣
СǸѵߵСǰЩ˼˵ʲôҪ𣿡
ȻϳС㣬ҲϳС㣬ʱԼûһ
Сº͵ЦЦ鷳
һȦѩڣûʶģȥһŴͷѩѵСԶĵطȻ˹
ķǳãְ۲ӵС
ȥ˵
ˡ
С˵ԼȥˣͼԱߵһѩ˹һ·ֱӶ˵ͷϡ
ϡᣬϳ˽׳ļ⣬ȥ֪ʵ
õ·ûзϻֱӴˣСʱע⵽֪ʲôʱҲѾ·ˡ
֪ӦԼӰ쵽ˣæȥ
ѩţûǰڿСԼλ֮ҲԼλϣˡ
żģҪǰҲᱻǸߡ

333 ս

ѵǱߡ
ץʱѵ, ĮİŪŹԣ˻ۼһ̸Ÿղŵ顣
ͱ˱Ϊ꼶Ȼӵ⡣
Ǿۼһŷŭ
̲ˣЩѩ嶼ʲôˣȿԵģƾʲôǰ˸ˣ
˵Ļһ֮ǰɵģѵҵĵ, Щ}ˡ
Ҫ, ͹ȥˡ
ˣ֮ǰų˴, ҪѩˡͱȽϴһĻ꣬ȻҲǷ߷߲ƽ, ĵ׻зִġ
ѵǾôǿǴ԰ǡűߵĻ겻˼˵
ͱȽϴһĻЦһ˵ΪǸҳܹ, ѩA, У
Сƺ˲ӣ˵ףǲһġ
ĿϵĿ, ˵Ҳϣؿǳʲô
һ겻ĵ˵֪, , , Ǽѵ
һ״Ҳֻõ˵ͷһûеͷ˵аɣţҲʲô
ȻǶģΪһԱһ㶼ϲѩġ
ʲô飬ѹͷϣò״һ̰ǸϳˣŸûãֶô
ѩֱһ㶼ǻӪ˵ʹôľӢսʿץˡ
ǿ׳ߴĻԽԽûãʹѵˣûдкֱ˳ȥ
ܿģһҲ˳ȥ
㲻ˣʵ
ˣȥǿ׳ߴĻ겻ͷ˵
аɣߣҲѵˡ
š
ͱȽϴһĻüûˣԼ߻ѵѵš
һĿѩ;쵽ˣֻҪûпСԣǲж˵ģ˾ͲС
һʶĿСǱߡ
ԼλϰĿŹԣ֪ڿʲôǿǾͷ·ҲŰһ
ߵ˼ڿŴԵķԻԵһ㶼ͻأ
ǻصԼλϺ󣬾͹۲ߵ
Сûʶ˵ģѩ飬Ҳһš
û˵
ɴϵʱ䳤ţƽȵĿĵصġ
ȻСϢʱսˡ
˶ĬĶˣٵģѩ깥ȥҪȽ˵
ս٣÷Ҳһġ
ͷôһ㶼η壬ѩ屾Ϊս壬սɽйֺȣһ㶼š
һ̷ͬˣԭͲֻûͷôǿѣҲһûֵġ
˫ûĴţڲ֮󣬵һʱСڵĵطһ֡
ÿ궼УɴǵһαԹ˵ģҲ顣
ս˫ˡ
ѩϾֻˣǰĻ˵ͦصģոĻб˸صľˡ
ɳϣԼҩ֮󣬾ͱĿˡ޳ǱߣʹˣҲһֲɿΣոС
Լűֱ˿ãûҲõģĶȴûٿˣ֪սֻҪˣսĿʼ
ԭҪԶѣôӲͷڣٴȥҲǲģ˾ǰˣʱڸѧУĴҲˡ
һʱ䣬ĬĬĴԼ˿ڡ
Ͷڲʧ֮󣬻࿴һۣʵʱǶѾˣǸԼֶˡ
ֻҪǻţͲǴѩĴԵġ
ɴڼš
֮ǰһֱûôμսĻ˲ˣֻҪһѩ뿪ȫԼϲ顣
е嶼ǷǳĵģСԻϢǸûǰĴ㣬Ǳˡ
˫ֱؿɳϢš
Էʱǻ͹ӪҺ
СʱҲѾˣùСǷӪҺл֮󣬾׼ԼСʳһˡ
ΧЩʶĿһȦһ֮󣬾Ϳʼˡ
ǵĿռ⣬СĶζܵʳһһĳʳ˿һһĳʳ
ʱ⣬Ƿɴѵõİʱ䡣

334 

ķɴʱ, Ϊ˸ԣǲϣʱܹһͺˣǾܹʹԶһˡ
ǰӾܹӪҺˣ죬˶ٶȡ
ȻСԳԵĲͬɴһԷ, Ҳ͵һԹˡ
̵ĺӪҺ, ˵òˡ
ǵսһǲᱻԸģǲܱô, ڴǰǶǲֳġ
ɴô, ȻǲȫѺ壬Ķʱûʲôõ, ӰСԵʳ
Ĵ, ǵҲ·
ڿԱߵĲں֮˲Ӳ¶һĵĿ⡣
ɴϱ𻵵ĵط, С㽵¸ʱ, Ѿ޺ˡ
ʱ, һºȵеӪҺ, ȻѸܵСǰٶȺܿ죬ѩ걻˵һ£ѾСǰ
͸㡣˵꣬Ķˣһ㲻С˵Ļᡣ
С㱻ĿϵЩãȻ
û£ǲܴΣƷģӦǺöܲ˵ĴţǽһĿǰ
С⻰֮תͷǸ꣬ҪȥǶԷѾɵЦòˣȻǲܵġ
̾һ˶½˾ˣæȥġ
һɹӣȻеڶģûãСϾͷ˶ƫƫЩ˻һռ˵ıˡ
Сͦεģ룬û˰ҩعȥ
յʱ˶סˡ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿϵҩûжԥˡ
Ҳǡ
ͶʱǸûֺʲôģϲҪôû뵽
Ŀ⸴ӵĿŸϢķ˵ǵһΰɡ
ţԵĻ񡣡ԱߵĻ֮ǰסѩˣʱЩˣҲЩպԼûд㶫
ͼҩʲôҲϣܹĿͣһ£һ˲
ȸҲܲ죬ʱǸûлֻΪϲˡ
ǿǸ͹ҩ΢΢ǰûеģԺҲһУˡ
Ҫ֪н죬ҲһúŬģˡ
ʹĿȫǣ

335 սʿ

Ϸɴʱʲôûд, , ֻĿűյˡ
ͬģһĻ, ǵĶҪˡ
һԼĶֳȥ˵Ѫо
ҵ, Ҳ֪⻹ģÿҪȥСԵʱǻᱻ˸ס
Ҳ, Ƿֿʱǻֱ𱻱ˡ
ЩһǷˡ
̫ɶˣб
ű, صϢʱ, һСֱˣſģȻ, ͡ѩ곯ǹˡ
õ, ˵, һҲҪǵˡ
˵, ˵Ҳȥˡһñ׵Ļ˵
ûпЩˣȴҲ֪Щ˲ͬһġ
˵, ǰѵҵʱ, ˵, ת˲֮䣬Ͱ˸ˡ
֪ˣҲûҪôġȦĻ꺬˵
ģҪҸȥС˵˵ҪõĻСԸǺܻӭġ
ЩڣԼɿԣǸɾͲˣ
һ㶼ЩɴܿҪطˣٲѵһ£㲻ÿ˵ʱǻ᲻ġ
Ҳôģ˺Ĭģһͬˡ

ſſǡ
ҡ
¿ǹųЦݣ޴
Ҫǲ޴ĻҲ鷳ġǵģЩһʲôʱ򶼲֡
ǱĻ꣬һͬ鶼ûС
Щһǣʲôʱѧʵһѩսʿޱ˵
ȻСһμӿˣǲܰһԷΣյĻеġ
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ܸİԱˣǵʱʲôҲǺ׽ġ
ĺܲһһʵİѩ忴Ļ˵
սµİ̺ۣǿˬʵȴΪ̺۶һ˿
ˡǽ˰սʿһ治мЩ̫ˡ
ɲǣлһ١
˼ʰ˵İѩսʿЦΣա
ϸ񣬾Ȼôչǵ顣
û£ڿ𣿺ǺǣǸúúѵʱˡ
ǰһҪǳΪսʿС

336 Ĵ

˷ɴ֮, СͱŵϢˡ
ҪŵһЩûսԱ, Ȼǹ˵, ǿ˵Ѷǲһġ
Сոձ͵, ͱһĿˡ
Ǳ߿ȥ˴ҩʦķװ
Ǹʶһͷ𷢣Ӧˡ
Сûд, ջĿ֮ȥ
˰ź֮ͳȥˣС㻹ûй, žͱֱƿˡ
֮ǰǸҩʦһĵ˽, Ӵ, ǰǼʵѩҩʦ𣿡
ϵ°Сһ飬Ҳ, Ϊʲôɫ
С΢΢ЦЦ˹ȥ, ˵ʲôɫ, ʲôɫ
˵, Сû, һȭͷ͹ȥˡ
˷ʱǴ, ŵ, ҲŹ
ĴҩʦûСᶯֵ, , ǶֵĻ, ҲΪԷܹù
ûԼ, ҩʦԸøŭԵģսʿ򲻹ԵĻһһ׼ġ
ǲǳҩĴҩʦ󺰵
ú޻ֻ֮ˡ
˵ˣԣǱ˵ʱñֻС΢Ц˵ϵĶȴûͦġ
жɣ
ſң쵰
ܳ
ܿģĴҩʦͱѹŴˣܶܲˣ׵ĴСȥˡ
һһ߿ޣǺ޵òˡ
СߺҲûֱӽл˰һ£ȥƷˡ
ϰԼĶ˵Ĳãֻеɡ
ʰ֮СȥϢˣһҲǺ˵ġ
ʦܻԼǱ֮󣬾ͿһԼƣãǿȥһ㣬ƵעҩԼ
ƵʱҲûţüˡ
Ϣȥ֮Щ˺ܿ͹ˣ˺һӡ
ʦһ㶼ûȤǾֱӾ˵˸ոѩԵ飬û˵ԼΣֻ˵ȥھӽھǸƢġ
̫ˣѩĴԣڶѾǰˣȻôš
ͬΪĴҩʦƽʱʦǰСʵҲǺܽġ
ͬʦͷϾˣԵѩԾȻҲš
սʿúõĽѵһһĴҩʦ˵
ǱȽϺõģڷɴϾԼ༶ˣһ·˵˳˳ˮﶼġ
ûսʿȥѩʵ̫ˣﱾͿǲˬˣǲ¡
ʦҩʦô˵֮󣬶ʱ;ãʮֿеġ
˵ⶼԼƵģ

337 

ʦǴ, һҪǸѩĴԺڵġ
, ϵһ, ܹϵսʿǹ
ҲȷʵǺܿ͹ˡ
ΪĴҩʦ֤ûʲôѶȵľ͵ڵ
˵֮ʦͽǰսʿ˹Ȼ, һҪصСﷴʡһ¡
Ϊ˲ݾ˵ע⣬Ƿȥġ
ʦûпСǻں޵ô˵˯ŵ, ֱӾʹͷǱȥˡ
ߵľ벻Զ, û೤ʱ䣬Ǿ͵طˡ
ʦţսʿ֮, ֱӾ߽ȥˣһŴǽϡ
С̧ͷ, ˣɨһ
㡣
û뵽, һüʦ
㻹ǣıûУС΢΢һЦ
Ц, ǰҲôЦ֮, ˵ġ
ʦЩ, һ˫۾С㣬㲻ҪΪҾͻŹ㣬ˣ
û£ŹҡСЦ
ʦ⻰òԣٿЦʱ;м֯}ˡ
ҧҧ˵͵źڰɡ
аС˵ֱ꣬ˡ
ʦһҪսʿǰСץģû˵ڣ͸оһʹϤĸоһӾ˷ʲô顣
ϵľʹıʱŤˣǼǵԼ˹ģæ˵죬ң
սʿĿɿڴˡ
Ǵûмô׺ĴԣҪȥˣͱСһ۵סˣĻҾɱ
ʦʱǻ⣬ʲôʱ򱨳УҪԼվǰ档
𣬱ɱң㻹Ǽɣұ֤ǲʦᶼˡ
սʿһĻΪ˷ֹıƼС㣬׷˳ȥ
սʿǶ˳ȥˣΪ޸֮СԸ࣬Ҳǲͣģһӵģܳȥˡ
ֻСѾɵ˵ʦ
ֱ°ȫģʽ󣬰ʦһߣ˵װİɡ
װģʲôģ
ת̫ˣе±ƵʦСĿС㣬лѰ˼ţԼߵĿԡ
㣬ĴҩʦѩСҩʦһʣǮԵǣһѩѵļ԰С΢Ц
á
õġ
ˡ
ʦıһ˲Ť£ôǳõٰɣ
ʱѾڵòˣԵĻǺ޲û
Ҿ衣ʦɷС㣬ľԼˣȻǰôŮ˺ء
֪֪һʵʵľģĺˡһ֮󣬴˾ҳ档
֮һĲƲʦС㣬ûзӦ
ᣬ־˶֮һĲƲٿС㣬õģûӦ
ʦ԰֣˰ťȫĴ
С㿴͹ϢһۣûȻˣ⼸Ǿͺúõɡ
ʦ⻰͸ǹˣһ㶼Ҫ°
û취ʦĻãС㵥ǺˣҪһȹѵĿ֮ء
ʦ󣺡
һû

338 

ʦҭ˿, ݺݵĵı۾
ԼȥľҪ, ۲Ϊ
۾Ǳ, ȴûа취ġ
߲ű۾, СǱ˵, ⼸˵ĹϵʽҲ뽻ѵĺҲĺѡ
⻰һ, ֪ʲô˼ˡ
, 㡭ʦǺ޽թۼ, ֻɶѩˡ
ʱĻںˣ֪ôҪ, ǾԲġ
ѹᵽѩûкû, , ޳
˵ʲôС΢ЦĿʦ
ʦͻȻ뵽Լ˼ҵ, Ƿŭıһ, ޱڵ˵˵Ϊ£ӦõģҶǺѣǡҪæġ
󼸸֣̲ס¶һҧгݵζ
СҲССĲƽ, յϢ֮, ͳǼ˷Ϣȥˡ
漸ͬûܵ, һ, ͱѩ尵˸Ĵסˡ
ǿСܹԼķϣǿ»ҪüٲŻҲûк϶٣ҩʦһԺսʿѾñᶼˡ
Ҳʱ򣬹ϵϢɹİǸȳˡ
̱ڵϵսʿ˰ťһƵˡ
棬ͬʦǸϽĥ䣬ӽ쿪ʼúѧϰϣѩѿĹӡ
ļ˿ʦķԺ֣ǲͬģǣΧѩ尵սʿǻڣ̬ͦεվڲԶȥûйǵ˼Ҳܾˡ
ҲܲͬĻѵ
ǣڼ¼ǿɧѩԵķ¼֮ʦСǱȽ˷Ҹɻ֡ˡ
ʲôѩ尵֮һĴԲ˼
ţǡ򣿡ɫսʿ˵
ܹôģﱾѩϵĳҲεĿĿ꣬ѩѾһεóϲˡ
ЩϢˡ
ѩսʿҩʦ棬ǣûбֵˡ
ǲص̫ˣ
ǰǶӸƭˣЩǣƻսʿö䶼ˡ
ҪǴˡ
սʿ֮󣬶ʱòˣԼǸ˼Ĵҩʦֻˡ
ԺȥˣҲѩĵˡ
ᣬǰǵĵš
ǸʱﻹǸǳޣûԸĵطҪΪ˲򱻻Ǹѿ˵ĵص
صĳޣϾҪɡ
߰ɣ߰ɣȥˡһ곤һսʿ˵
ǲȥģƲʨ
û취ģֻʰһ£һǧǴȥˡ
һܳܿĺ
ǰûԸȥģĺУͱռˣѩ˾ȻҪȥӰ
Ҫʵ̫ˡ
ǹȥʱ򣬻淢ѩǱӰƶ
ǰΪˣҿ˲˵㡢Ǵ㡢㡢㡢㡢㡢㡢㡢
սʿԽоԽˣĲ˵ͼƬ͸оܺóԵӡ
ǻ࿴һֻۣо򱻻ߣˡ
ǱߵģϾҪˣĥ䡣һѩսʿ˵
ЩרŹ޽ģ˰æĻû˻ܾġ
ңЩ˻ûǾ֪ԭˡ
ϮǵĴԣǺǡ
ۿѩսʿĿԽԽΣˣļ˸Ͻȥˡ
ֻһЩĻãսʿǾͲˣ۵ģûһӵõġ
һֱϣԭյĵطѾ޽һʩˣҪǣѺܹƷƷʳѡԼߵζϣ
ҹķ紵أսʿѾſڵϣ۵òˡ
һֱûôɻĴҩʦůɫƹ£һһŻ㡣
Ǽ̳
ԲۣӺܺó԰
ȥͱҵˣðǰ֪Ҳܳԡ
ѩѾرĽͨˣѾ˽ǮĵطֻҪǮˣͿȥ
ôɥĲЩ֪ǰڳģھȻȦȳˡ
֪֪Ҳ֪Ѿ˷ɹȥƱˣˮˮˮ

339 Ұ

, ΪĴҩʦĹϵ
ѩķһӻˡ
14055825ֻһǣ鲼, Ϊ˲꣬ÿУĿ˵ص㶼ߵġ
˵, ˸δҵսʿǶս, һôûС
ǽ꣬14055825ͻȻͻˡ
صĳ, ϴˢˢһ£һ, ζϷһ£ֱӾͱ޷ֵζؼǣЩζʳ͡
ҵĴôоԵʳرóԣǳȥһڡ
첻ô򿪹Եģײ, 㣬ֻܷצӣԲá
ҿɣҿԵģ
Ĳ˵, պ÷ż, Ѿȥ14055825, ˭Ҳֵܵҵ顭Ͳ֪ΪʲôǸʳ, Ҿرȥ, ͺĺһ, ̫
ҲǣΪһֱнڲٵľˣ֪Ϊʲôһ㣬ȥĳ嶯˳㣬Ҽһȥ
èǲ̫ˣ֪ܺóԣҲǱȽϿѣʲôĺ涼ô㿴ЩҩʦԵöš
ĳ嶯ȥȥѾҵ·ˡ
è𣿡
·ˡ
· 1
· 2
ͬʱè̳ҲΪҩʦֱ¼ˡ
˿ѯʣƱȥѯʲôʱ͡
忴̳ϻͣյ칦磬˳־Ͱݷèڲ̳ˡ
ҪǹȥĻҲǺܷģֻҪڱ14055825ͣһ¾ˣ칦֮һԷԼ
ʲô
˰ˣû뵽ҲעǼƵͬ⣬ͬòͬˣ
˵ǴóԣҲֻҪѩģҶԣ
ΪǻȥӪҺˣǸ߼ģҲˣû뵽칦绻ˣ
죬˭ûͶƱģϽģˣ֪ʲôʱܹܱ˱С
һƬƽ֮еèսʿѾͶƱˣΪǻǣƵζǰϽһûע⣬ˡ
忴ǰսʿǣЦЦ˵ûǼˣ֪ˣȥ14055825ǰɡ
Ү
ǵĳ٣
̫ˡ

340 ߵ

èľܿͣ˱14055825ϡ
ںѩĸ˹֮ͨ, ܿͽǮսʿǰͲ͵ĵصˡ
ΪȽ϶Ĺϵѡĵط, ǺͿ˵صȽԶĺöǸϵġ
ЩܹһСʿְɳ, ȻеģҲ٣Ͼλþôÿ˶š
ڵ˾Ͳ͵ص֮, èսʿ˹˵٣ò׹ˣȻҲһ԰ɣϾ⵽, ôȥ, Ҳ̫á
忴ЩСӣȫǶԼҵ, һЦû⣬Ǽ׼ˣȻѾ˵ˣô͸һ½˵ʳɡ
⻰һ˵èɫÿ, , ǵ˼ǡ
, ȥ, ҶȲˡ˵ˡ
飬ӮӦõģ˶ͶˣɵӲŻȥҪȣҲЩϼһǹȡ
һЦ󣬾ͿӪսʿȻĿš
ˣѩĺ㣬۳β㣬֭Ũζһèսʿһںóԡ
һȥûĻӾԲԲԲԲۣ̫óˣһèսʿ֮ǰһһߺԼ۾ɴˡ
ˣˣȥץ𣿴ҶУǸÿһһڶû԰
ιιιǰģûĿԺüˣ
ĸ쵰Υ棬ٻûأÿҪùȥٳһڡһƷèսʿ󺰵
һ̣ʹһ𣿹ӣֻҪһǰ棬ͱһ̺㡣ǰèսʿһֿһе˵
˵бҪ𣿲һֵ̺Һ涼ˣٲ㣬ҶˡһɵսʿҡñӣΪЩ޿˵̫ˡ
ԲۣЩڣϵ칦绹ûʼΪԳԵĺˣأأèսʿأ죡ǣң
ʱû϶սʿ쳣飬٣Ҫǰʼɣ
٣̫èˣûôģѾߵˡ
٣ˣҪܺ
١

341 һС˵滰

̫˵, 칦ˡ
忴ЩսʿǣúǺЦսʿô, ͺèǷǵһûгԶٺõƵġ
칦ʳ֮, 彫Žɵĳ˵һڡ
̵ģᶼˡ
Щ꣬èȷʵûԹһٺõģ
ȥսʿǳٶ̫, ÿڸոõԼӺ󣬾ͰɵˣȻǱ߿յš
ڶ̵ʱѾսʿ, ǰ, һڲͣȫˡ
ľǴûйģǰȻ칦ҲгԶ, һ㶼Ϊģҵ˼ڽսԼ￪ϡ
˵˼ȫڳԵˡ
̫óˣϧˣ̫, һܲͣĸϼСʱһèսʿҧŹͷ˵
Ҫ, ҺǴ⣡
ζ, ֪, ǰԵǶ
ûǰÿ칦綼Ҫҳ鷳ǼԵͷ̧ˣ칦ˣûζˡ
̫óˣѩ֣ҿһֱԵ죬ͣġ
èսʿŹӣӳĬĿѩˣ޲ºӣŪԸʹ졣
칦翪ʼ֮ǰǻõģǵط֮ʲôͷûˣʣһԣԣԡ
Ա׼õĸ߼ӪҺʱ͸Цһûһսʿȥǡ
۸
èսʿеѾԭΣϣŷеһһġ
Ǹ߰ģڣûˣǾԡ
ȫζ
忴սʿЩͷ۵İԼβ͸պˡ
ǰԵ̫ˣβʲôʱ֪ˡ
ſԿܵĲɵĺΧͬһûһ졣
εָӲ
ǰսʿҲ
Ļ´οһЩʽ𡣡
ţٿͨһѩʳͨһЩ겻˵ﻰ
һ£ȻӦȥûû⻰̫ˣ
èսʿǽζĳź㣬·ֻһ̣ǲܸܵʳҸ
Ƿ·𣬶ǾȷʵǰȵĶӪߵȼģûʵʵڵúóԡ
ȷеζͺǴξƮɢһ㣬һڣ˾ֵҸ
սʿǱڳԳԺȺȵè壬Сʲð
̫ˣè˹ҲŹˣЩǹԺȵģǹץġ
ǳԵýζӣٿԼθˮˡ
ͻȻףΪʲôЩ˿ˡһսʿ˵
ҲǣÿˮˡԼθ˵ѹִôԸģǱ߰રળֱ
̫˰
ѾˣĿЩǰڳ⣬죬СֱҪҪˡ
԰ɣǾͻȥ˵սʿӪҺ۾ȥˡ
ӪҺжôѳԣʵǲ뿴ЩˣԱʵ̫ˡ
ٲߣҪ⥵ˡ
ڵսʿ˵ʱʦҲѾܲˡ
ʱ䣬йڰʱˣǰԼǱߣǱŵĴڣСʲô鶼ҪԼˡ
һСģпܱɶѩԸ棬̫ˡ
ڴߣľɫʨɥòˡ
ͬҪˡ
ҾãӦǰȥģԵķֻҪˣǼǵΪʲôҪﰡһĴҩʦڱԹ
˵һ㶼Ҫİ
԰ΪʲôҪ°ǲҲһӰ춼ûаǻĴҩʦԱߵ⻰۾ʱˡ
ʦһӦǿС֮󣬴ϲص죬ھʰһ£ߣ
ҪƲУҪһ£˶֪ԼĿİ
ǣһץô죿Ǹҩʦ΢΢üͷ˵
ֻҪܵÿ죬ˣǺȣҪԼ¡ʦϽ¶˽ʲôһҪܵġ
ûֻҪܵù죬ץ
սʿô죿ûսʿôȥ
ˣԼܻȥģοǻҪأЩĴԣԼһԼɡ
ԶԶԣߣߣ

342 ʤ

һ, ͿСҪ
ʦʱǳױСˣÿο, ʶ뵽Լ໽еʱ
ȥ͵, Сʹ
ȥ۸Ĵ, Сʹ
ȥƭ, С㻹׼һʨˡ
Ҹ㣬, ǲЭ, Ҫȥʦɱڵ˵
С㵭һƳɱڵĿʱ
ʵʵҲǿһµġʦ, ҲûбԼҵĴҩʦˡ
ƫƫǰ滹У, Ѿԭˡ
ûǿٻȥС˵
Ǻ, , ھߡʦβͣᶨ˵
СҲ, ͷ˵һ·ƽɡ
ʦ󣺡
ҩʦСã
ҩʦࣺ
⻰û۵һ޳
ʦһ˿ֻ, ϵ̻, ǲ, ǲ߲ˣ
˫ʵ۾ĿС㡣
С㣺
ðɣʱ䣬ȷʵǰǸŵòˡ
Сڰ֣˵ϵһǱߣǻȥɡ
⻰̴˳ȥʲôݰݲݰݵģǣһӶҪټˣ
𡪡

ڻܳ
С㿴ǻڿ񱼵ıӰЦҡҡͷ
վڸߴӰĿעԼҵСԣǹŵЦ
ںܾǰֻлźս飬ǣģ֣ԭУǿбġ
ЩСʳܺóԣÿοСԳԵôĵʱ򣬲ҲѾܸˡ
ÿξۻʱ򣬿С۾Ĺâͷ·඼ůһ¡
ģ֣ȤԽԽˡ
ЩһС̿ʼƴڻˡ
Щʲôеıսʿʼڴˡ
Щδķ綯䣬ЩŵĻ䣬ƮҶӡ
һеһжòһˡ
С߻ԼӣȻϣһط
£һһͷ̷ѩսʿ˵СԻô
ǰǿԽ˵ġӰǽѩսʿ˵
һֱǵãǸʱԼڵϣȴʱСԳܹӡ
㡣ЦŴóһƿҩ
ǵһдԶЦʱסˣһ仰û˵ΪԼΡ
С΢΢ЦЦְҩƿ˹Ȼˡ
ǸʱҪϵġ
Ҳ֪Ρ
ǣ˰
ŬߣĬĬػΧ
ܣѾ˭ˡ

343 Զʳ

һѵ, Ѿ˻صˡ
ʱѾ, ˳, ·ͷĶ΢΢, ϡԿǼĽʵ
ο, һҪɵAˡ˾еѵ˵
š˵
ҪǸ뿪ˣ֪ЩҪʲôһŵѩһ䵽˵ϡ
, ȻǺܲϲЩA˵ġ
ֹǡĬ˵
Щ, ǰСԵԽԽˣŵ˵ѩ廹ûбҵ, ûвǰСԵġ
̻ĳֱӸԼ˸ĺ;װ, ֱһ, Ҳͷʪʪ, ˦£ͳˡ
ЩһǺÿġ˵, ̧ͷһȦ˵Ĭأ
ǻ࿴һۣûĬ
Ĭʱ, Ѿԭ, װڵˡ
ûнȥ, ǾվڱԵߵһôϣ档
ȻԼñ˿
ıİ༶ѩ壬˸ߣȻԼһ
СᷢĬˣΪĽʵ̫ˣ̧ͷһۣſĬġ
һŬºüֻۣҪһ²ŵˣ֪һǰжôײˡ
С˳Ĭôˣ
ĬûбΣǾ̧С㡣
Сûסһѣ˵ҪȥԵ㶫𣿡
Ĭ۾һ䶶˶һܾˡ
ܾܾˣǰѴԴ쵽Сֱߣɿˡ
ԶȥıӰһǿζ
СҡͷЦЦȥˡ
һĻãˣβͶըëˡ
һͿСĬͷЦˣǵĶˣҪˣĬ϶Ѿˡ
ʵ̫ˣ
Ǻǣ˵õֵأƨֵ飡һѩĵ˹ȥĬҲǺǵģһӾ˵Զˡ
һѩ걾䳰Ŀţ״Ҳ̲ˣٿȻȥ
Ĭһ˶һ
ĿⲻƵĿţˣһ̣ǵֵȷһˡ
Ǵֵʱбİ༶ͼǱйȥһ㶼ûиĻᣬһԾͰЩһǸץסȥˡ
ιǴҵĴԣһǲˡ
۵

344 

ץסһƥƥƥʮֲĳţûж໰, ֱʵǳˡ
ʱ, һ괵ſƵĻ˳
, ĳ
̧ͷȥ, Aˡ
ҲΧĬˣǷǳĬĻصԼվλ
ѩAĸǣʵǿϵǰʮһֱڱ䶯һֱڶʮ֮ڡ
Щ, ֹֻ˿СԣһⶼûСĹŴ˵
һ㶼ûб̵ĸоĿһ, ˵, ͻű˹ȥһ
Aѩ΢΢һ, лĹâ, ҪǰС, ĸӶ͵һۣ
Ȼģ˾Ѿת˲ŵĿУAัǵ뷨ˡ
ޱȻ֪ˣ߰ɡ
AѩһЦ, ˵˭˭»һ
ƾ𣿡ߵ
ƾǡīʱ򣬴˳, , Aǡ
ǰһ, ǼһȲסֱӼӿٶȳǰˡ
ǣ۾Ƕű˵Ĵԡ˾õĿЩˣһ˫۾˸ź⡣
ƾ£ī˵
ʵġ
ô仰Ĺǿѩ༶ִˡ
ӰУЩһֱû뿪ѩǿȵˣһǱߣҪܹȥ
úܺãʵȴǲġ
Ÿոô뷨ͱЩһߴһץסȥˣA໹BˣΧøͰһ㣬κ˽ԹȥСԡ
Ǽһۡ
˵Ǻܿɶˡ
ǣûãͻսˡ
սʿǲмĿЩһŵСǣһ㶼ûгȥ˼
֪ѣܻ쵽ģĸǵʱİһҲˡһԱ˵
ΪǿԵõĴ԰ɣǺǡһսʿɷ˵
ǸīϧˣᡣӰеİսʿҡҡͷ
īĻһλģʱһսʿ̧ͷʵ
Ǹѩʷ϶ӯսʿѾܾûˣʱһ֮һһ֮ļһ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
һλġһѩսʿ̧ͷǱߵսȻֻҪɳˣǴݿ񲻿ɵ
ܹ鲻ΣСԵģν
š

345 

ʦԼС, һ·ľսĻص
ֱɴص, ȫ˼, ԼȻƽĻˡ
һ̣Ǵʤսʨһ, ͷͦؽòˡ
ʼʱǺܷɵ, ϾǻصԼĵ̣ʲô, Ȼû, ʦͲϰˡ
յ, ʲôûС
ѾϰǱߵĸ˼빤ˣЩֿɵõĸֿζʳˡ
˵Ǳߵʱǰ, ǲʱ, ȴǹúܺõġ
ôһ, ʦЩˡ
һĻлС࣬ЩȤɳϣԱߵڣҲûд
µ, Ƿ֣Բˡ
ϰЩζʳѾ֮, ǺӪҺ, ʵЩʡ
Ѿ, ˶ڳĺ, ֻǣȻζӪҺա
̫ˣҾȻҪȥͷʦ˵
Сһ⻰ʱ̧ͷ˾ˣҪ峤ѱԵǸɣ
Ҳôģϲֲѩ塣
ʦһۣ˵ѩҲ֪ʲô裬ŪԵģ±Ū
ȻﻰĶˮСȴǳʵǱдˣд귢֮󣬻̧ͷʾҲһдǸöԽԽá
СԵȻûˣдһһ⣬ԼСһд
峤˱Ե֮󣬵һ
˲֪֪
ڵѩѾǹȥǸѩˣ˭ҪǸҶǵĶ϶Ҫƴġ
ƴˣؼǣ򲻹
Ҫǰһ£ʵ;һѹרŷչս壬ڲˣҲ֪ѩ巢ʲô裬ǵľͻǣֱӰ嶼˦ںˡ
ǡ
ôת䰡
ߣҪתľͺˡ
ҡҡͷֱӷ롣
ȥˣƲģԼˡ
԰
СĿֱ
ȻֱǣС㣬֪ǸϵģﻹС
ſţͺԼҲǸһ
ûϵǳԺ󣬾ܹȥĵطˣֱλϵСǣ黹ǺܿԵġ
ʱһֻ׵СͻȻ嵽Ļǰֱš
СĶֱʱ򣬱ȥġ
ʹһС̾˿໽еС̸˻ȥ˵ܿͻˣ㲻Ҫˡ
С̲ĿĻʱѾûйСκϢˣˮ۾˰ʧĵͷ
ģֱûӪҺ
ȷʵûϡ
ʹһС̹һС̵ԴֲŹȥͱҧˣҲ⣬˵Ҫһ㰡øһС
ءСͷһ
֪ˣ֪ˣһ˵ܹԺҪŬѵǡ˵
жôΰһҪչһֻõǺܽӽĻҪһʲô˵飬ҲǺܶġ
ǿͺˣһŬġλϵһС˵
Ҳǡ
ҡ
Ƕء
ҡ
ֱܿͿˡ
СڵʱһСûвȥڵϴ
Ŷ˳ȥѵ׶ѵ
û˽пۣҲûš
¶ļС̣ѵš
ǻΪ̵ܰģȻսʿ
н֡
˸߳Լӡ
ΪѩеսʿһֱԼġ
ñ֮ԼĴ˳£˷ȥˡ
ոյϢè岻СӣȻܵǵϰ׳԰׺ˡ
赽ʱ򣬵Ѿˡ
վмģǿ޵úģԼèСˡ
ǿȥѹ޵ĴƤһһģڿʱ৵һ³˳
أĲǹġ
û԰͵ġǿԴ򹤡
迴һ£ģзˣ뵽èս˵ҲаɣȻˣǾ¹ʲôʱˣʲôʱȥ
èСסˡ
˵ô˵ȫû򹤵İ
οǻС̰ѵӦһ
һèС̣㶵Ŀһ۴ѩƷ޵裬ĬĬĺԼҲԣ˼ѩԶڹˣοЩˡ
£èС̾ó˲ëĹԣ˵ȵȣҾãһǿԽмҳǮġ
š׵èСĵͷһ㶼򹤡
ҿӣʱпܱԸһ١
ѾǿĵҴˣȫսʿܿܣѩķӵġ
ڴԵĵ׳԰׺ȿɱԵĵ׳԰׺Ҫÿˣǰ߾ˣҲƴûץģǾͶˣǼ裬ҲǲԸȥġ
ҲǾˡ
Ƕ۲˵ģһ˴Եĵꡣ
èС̺Ĵ۾ˮĿ裬ϽԼҳˡ
ûãðŵһñӵ˾ˣ
ǲ˼ų˵ˣһúýѵǵģԲǵˡЦѸٵĽ˵ȻзС˳һᣬͿ첽Ƶܳȥˡ
νЦЦЦ޼ˡ
룬ֽһˡ
ʱĹˡ
ͨ˵ˡ
Ĵ磬һ˵ˣ
ţһҼҵĳ԰ͣڵСǲ˰ҿɲǣЩҲУûһ˿ѩĵ̳ϰͣܺú߳ȥģëǹ˵ġ˵
û£ǳԵÿһҰͣǴԿģηʮǱˣϧˣոյϢѾȥҲܳ԰ˣûߣèëˡź˵
ȸǮģǵëҲֵǮģЩһ԰ͰǺ֪ǵģϧˣǳһ˰ͣβϵë͸̵ġ
ûϵǻߣ԰͵ë̾ôһԸôܹأͩ˵
ЩòȻĴǣһǰ𣿶˺úóԣһСǮѡңѾǼʺˡ
Ļո£ԵĻУͳ𶯣Լڻ
ȻģǺսʿΪ飬ִˡ
裺
磺
ͩ

346 ϯs

γԿ֮, , ҩʦǱߵˡ
ǰҩʦһҶģʲô, Ҫһҩʦ˵, Ȩ͵λˮˡ
ǣ˽ѡҩʦ͵ӰҩʦȻȫһˡ
һҩʦ˵ͽ
ֻҪ뵽Ǹ԰ҩ֮󣬾ò, ͸˵Ǹ˷ȥҩʦ֪ʶˡ
ǰѿЩ飬Ϊãڲ˵ЩˣĽǰһˡ
ҩʦ˵ԼӰһֱ½, ܶѾ, ǶԸȥѡӷӱ˵ĵĹҩҪǸ߼ҩ޷, Ͷˡ
׷ԲԵ߿ݱ棬ɫǳĲÿ
ָŴĻϵݣ˵ʲôҪ˵𣿿, , ҩʦڶʲôˣ
Ҫ˲һ, ǲʲôʱҩʦ˹, Ҷ֪
һѵӪҺͰ𣿾Ȼôһ£ʹļַŭѵ˵ЩˣǱ˻ҩȫҩ
Ƕ˵˵Ӧôžһ£Ļҩϡ
ӶıһѩСԴˡ
ǣڸƺڰԼҩʦЩȥҩʦ֪ʶ
ϺüŭĿ۾׹
߿ˣȫĬĬתߡ
һҩʦȵվүүһСҩʦѣ֮ǰǳûĿ֮Ͳˡ
ԼŮԣԭŭƢգ˵ѾСˣͣ£
˵󼸸ֵʱѾ
˭ҲûһССĴԣȻ߳־棬ҩʦ˲òЭĵز
ЩǨˣҲˣǾǸСΪеôû뵽ڹ
ָŴĻϵݣüͷѩչһҶԺûʲôˡ
ڳˣ׷¶˲õ顣
ʵ˵һҶЩŵģƾѩûи߼ҩͺȡҩʦˡ
ǴͼмҩĻҲǷǳ鷳飬ҩʦ˵˳ȥҲǰһҪ÷Ҫˡ
ǰҪʲôֻҪСĴۣøۣܹõҪĶںܶѾʼˣӴҩʦ˵˶ˡ
ܶԸȥҩѩ󿪷֮ţ˼ô᲻
һ죬ЩĶ֪ҩʦ޿ġ
һ߼ҩʦɫݵĵ˵ţǰȥΣﶼ峤Ĵţǰһˡ
Щ˾ǻҲǲյģԸϵĵǸϴУڣǻҪ취ѩͣ˵ġһҩʦ˵
ͣǲͣģҪͣˣ˾Ͷ֪ˣѩѷӽģҩʦͳһƶ۸񡣡
ûҪǸҩʦӻˡ
˵˵ţ˵Сˣ߶϶ĵ˵ͷֻʱͻȻΪ˭ȥأ
֮ǰǰ֮˵û˸ǿӲߵġ
ɡ֮ǰ˵Ĵҩʦվһ˿İ˵ȥ
ӣ˶߸һ͵Ŀĺ󱲣˵УȥɣʲôҪԷϢ
үүͷİɣΪҩʦ˵ķչʲôԵģί
ҩʦ˵
š
âʰˡ
еĶרŶƵģֻȥһ춼ҪϣȻڱĵطԲ˯á
һʰרʰ˰ɴˡ
˷ɳ֮Ѿˡ
ȵȣʦ󣿡â·ߵļˣ˾ͣˡ
Ӳͣ˹ȥʦˡ
âϾڳ˹
ʦߵڿڹʱ򣬻䱸һ£ߵ˽֮ʦߵսʿŹȥ˵С㣬˹ˡ
һƺʦ֪˭ˡ
̧ͷȥȻͼɳϵâ߿
ȥһˡ
֪ˡʦܵӦԼߵսʿһСȹӾͿ첽˹ȥ
һĵЦţ̬άֺãˣôˣ
ⲻҪȥһѩǱ˵Żպú˵Ǳߵ߰ɡ
âһ˵ţʦѾˣֻǳ͵һѩɫʳȫôץȥ

347 һѩǰ

ʦôץ֮, Ҳ˵ʲô, ֱӾһߣĵˡ
âڵõԼ֪Ϣ֮, ͱĿˡ
ɳܿͰ͵˷ɴϡ
˽˷ɴ, ǵϷɴ֮󣬾ˡ
ʱ֮âʦ͵Сڵı14055825ΪʹкĹϵһ, ͵˴
âһ߶ÿ˿趯á
һϸĶΣ˶һȥǳ
һԣһ, ͱϳˡ
սʿĬĬԶ, ûԽдš
̫ˡһվʯͷϵսʿ˵
âˣ֪, Ҿٱֵúһˣ̫ˣ֮ǰǳսҵβ𶼱ˡһü޵սʿź
, ֶ, ̫, ֪ǻ᲻ǵĿ˱, ôͻҲս壬ĻһῴҰɡ
һԶԶı߿˵Żǻ飬ϵЦõòС
âЩĿһۣջĿ⡣
ֻǲ߼Ϳرһˡ
ò信վ£ǰһɢ
ֻһۣ֪սʿرΣա
âΪŴҩʦսʿ֪жٸէȻһ̲סֻСһһģԽԽ졣
ǿʵǿ
ģʲôʱᱻǿϢ
â˹ȥֱ˵˭
ɫ䵭ĮµĿ⣬û˿¶ȡ
ֱӵģûκλӦתˡ
âЦݽӲϡ
ΪһԣҩʦͷûбĶԴһʱ̲סɴ۾Ĳ˼顣
˭ȻˣĻû˵
ʦæ˵ѩAͷīһҪҪȥѵһ£
âȥķ۵Ųĺѿû˵ȥѵĻ
һ˵ڵģ߰ɣǻҪ
õģҴ·
ʦ֪СסģȻһǸԾʹΪԼǰ;ԼԺǼǿǰ·ģǣ֮Զһˡ
ʱʦЩսʿǣʱְ
һ̣ˡ
ˣôսʿǣһΣڿһѩǰˡ
һҪǸѩĴԺÿ

348 Ϊս

ʦֻҪһ뵽ѩ޵龰, ʱ͸˼һ, ڵĳСڵȥˡ
;յϢСտͷˡ
ȵ˵ط֮, ʦǳŵһ߿ţֻ, ıӦң
ı߿ˡ
ڿеһȺѩսʿĿ棬С±, Ŀ⵭ȻһƳӴ, Ǹ˰

ʦСһˣոյһӾɢ, ͸¶ſ־һߡ
âôûϢʦһ˿
˸ƿ˽ȥ
սʿĶ, սһ
ѩߵĻ, ȥһ㶼ˣϾڣһ㲻ܳԿâߵսʿͰ, ֻսʿ֪սʿж, , һǳԿͷˡ
Ҳ֪ѩ徿ôģȻôඥսʿɵһ̫ˡ
ʦʱߵĶˣƫƫҶ
ѩҩʦС㣿âʵ
ѯʱ֮ǰѵӦҽ𣿡С΢ЦĿɨţе˼ˡ
âɫ΢Ǳָûˡ
û˵ҩʦ˵ĸ߼ҩʦâӦ˵֡
ûСС˵
âıûбסСڹΪѧҩˣûвֵ֪ġ
ǺЦǿǿϧˣҿɲ㣬ķ
Ǿͽ㼪ˡС㰲񵭵۾ûʲô˵ʲô㶮ģǻҪۻᡣ
â΢΢üȥûбôԴ
СʵǺܿɶˣһ㶼֪òҲÿɫûϵȵҩʦˣеʱȥ֪ڵǶôĲ
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ԶĵطЩ˿ŷѰԼζĳޡ
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ȥѸĶΧס, ˡһսʿ˵
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ѩսʿڿҰ΢΢һ, мϲ֮顣
ץȥ, һܺóԵġ
ʼɡѩĶӳ˵
һ˷ɿĵҰĸӦĻͿʼˡ
ŵҰѩսʿ, ѩսʿ˹Ҳ˵ĳ˹ȥ
˫ܿսһ, ڼҰʶҪ, ѩսʿᣬ޿ӡ
Сʱ, Ұ֧׽ˡ
ʳĻʵĺáһѩսʿӰҰá
Ұߵţܿͱѹˡ
ѩսʿʰ֮Ұͱڷβ, ȥˡ
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µȻ˵սʿͻģָҪġ
Ҳ̫СɻĿҰ
Թˣ࣬óˡ˵
ַֻҪСһ˵ܹϽˡ
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ɻĿâ, ֻߵâѾʼЦĿ佱û, ôԵǻҪҩʦ˹ġ
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ϾѩѾˣǾǷҲûãңǸѩĴԣǲᵽҩʦˡ
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ݣһһĶ, ޲ð֪ͨȥ, ѩ׼Ժ, Լ֤ˡ
ߵֳһĨɫ, Բ, ҪԺѧ, ҩʦ˾ͬ衣
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 һ㶼ѩ飬Ǵ֮Ҳͼɱȥδʧܡ

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 Ϊ˷ֹԼâֱӾͶԼĵ̲ȥˡ

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 ƫƫѩʳӦÿ춼мڵڵš

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 ߣԷȥ̫ˡʦϲæͬˣһ̣׷ȫȥĳ嶯

 кܶܶܶζʳ

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 ҩʦʱѾʼжˣϹdissѩҩԼСҩʦʸ֤ʼҪǵԭԴ
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 ҩʦҪѩ忪սһ˵һԴѩҩ֮ȻǲãǼ۸񽵵͵ֻԭʮ֮һˣһҩʵƷⲨ֧

 ҩʦѧͽֵҩˣû˵һ仰үү̵õķƣľʱôһ仰˵ڻǮƸãѾˣвСûƺá

 ⲨҲܣҩʦˣҲҪ˵Ҿ֧ѩ֧ˣⱲӶ߼ҩҪˣͽҩ򲻵

 ǿѣɣѩ忿ҩѾıˣǸԵǣڱչûãٸһʱ䣬ˣҪ˰ɣػɣѩı

 ¥ë˵ģģƨҲôᰡƾ׬ǮƾʲôãˣҲѩ׬ǮҾϣٶ࿪оһҩ򣡡

 ֻ֧Ҫ㻹Ҿ򣡡

 ֧֣

 Ȯ֧֣

 ͻ֧֣

 ȫ֧֣

 βȫ֧֣

 

 ͷһεģҩʦ˵ķԱŭˡ

 ǰҩʦ˷ʲôۣǱŵģ˵һԲɰѸ߲ҩʦòС

 ǣʱǻЩͽҩʦѾ͵͵ĻصԼȺȥˣ˵ȥɢģʵҪʲôЩϳɾĻ᲻֪

 ЩˣһʼľͲҩʦˣҲãЩֻ꣬ѧ˸ͽ׵ģҪǻ쵽߽ףǲˡ

 һߵĿ˵ȻˣǾһֱ߲Ҫˡ
 ǣЩжģҪҩʦ˵˽ǣôƷҩλرҩʦ˾ˣŻȥԼҩޡ

 ˣЩɲģǾͲҪˣʰǵʱҪǣȰѩЩ˸㶨ҩʦ˵ĵλݶҡǵĻԻҫϣ

 Ѿ˺͸ϵˣҪ˶ãѩǱ߾Ҫͣˡ

 úúã͸

 ûٷˣ

 ҩʦ˵ڻ۵ʱϵĸҲǲ

 #ֱĵѩҩȫУ߼#

 ֪ҷۣѣǱȻҪһġ

 ԩʵȡʸ֤ҲǰѩѾ˼ⱨ棬ҺܶѾˣҾͲˡ

 첻߼ѩҩҶԱҩʦֹʮݵ

 ѩҩͼƬҩʦ˶ʮλҩʦֹҩͼƬ˫Ĺ֤ݡ

 ֱԤһܶѾӵˣսʿǴֻҩʦ˶עⳡֱ

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 ϵӿֱ, ûҩ, ֻҩ۸񰺹˵ǳ򵽡

 ҪǣҩǲģΪһ˼⣬ҩͷˡ

 ϣ֪ΪʲôӿֳһѺѩҩʦӣЩ, Щ˲ţЩǸ£ĵĻ֤ݡ

 , Ҿ֪, ҩû, ܲ, ˣһôֲ

 еѡ, ˭ѡõİ׼, ȻΪƶҲ֧ˣûǮһֱᶨƵ֡

 ҩʦ˷, ѩʳû˵ҩⶫרҵȽϺá

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 ֧ҩʦˡ

 ۣеûţ̫СˣҾðɣҲûʲôģ꾭ḻ˵ǲҪͼʮҩʦȣҩϸˡ

 ʷϣδҩҺ˿˵ʧƷģͷֵ֧ģûôҲûϵѾúܺˡ

 

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 ǵǲҩģϾҩԷֹĲǾḻҩʦˡ

 һӣֱ׼ʱʼˡ

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 ûз֣еϤ˭һֱ벻

 Ĭǵ걻͵ǵһλ֪ǲҼǴˡ

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 ˾ȵǣĺֹıӮ࣬ȶ

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 ĵĶеһҩ˳ȥԶĵطֺŻѾȫ߸ˡ

 ֪˵һ̫ˣͻᱬըЩȶˣͨͨᱻ͵ǣܳһ

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 лҪ˵ⱾˣƼģ

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 ȫΨһķˮأһڿǰʹˡ

 ·Ⱥ໽ë޵СǱĴȲϷצ

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 ҿϵͳ

 Į磺޵УûԴʹԴ

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 Ҫ˵ҩ⣬Ǿˣҩû⣬˶ô, ͻȻˣֱǿɶ

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