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͸һµŮΪ˲ԭŮڻңŬԼһСİԭŮڻ˵Ĺ£ŮԸֱƤֱŮŮ˼ά棬ϲ˼ͷȴֻǺѣƤȡ


1 
պԼܹɣ֤ô򣬳Ϊ޽˾һɡ
ⲻԸš
ʦ񽣵һһĶ⽣ޣ⽣ĽδԤۡʦ޽պǽǺӣΪͲǧ꣬˷ʦǴ˽벽ɾ룬ֻһʦ޽պյĽɣһ޳ɹǷϽ硣
ԼǽģѵһĽţ޽ġ
ˣţ
յʦ޽ŽɵûгΪ֤ǣҪʦʦ֮ʦš
տǰƯƷСʦãԼˡ
˵ᣬһᱻ˶˽𵤺ؾڣɵ
ǵģûʦ㣡˪ºɷǶԼ˺㣡ƷƯСʦô˿˵ἰ˪ºɷʱеĺ̹ϵ֮ˡ
еļɷҴʦ֡ҲԼҴʦַ
ԣСʦöʱһʹļ׵ı鿴㣬´˶֣𵤣㻹
ע£ڻĺúõġա
ϾҪ˰Сʦÿ֮˵Ŀ⿴㲻𣿲Թ𣿡
ձĿ⿴һʹȻ˵˵ЩδҪҲ޲
򷿵û˵İ
СʦñĻһҭ÷·ִԲɵӵĿ⿴ɸֵȷ˾˰
ʦ侲侲ͬ˵˵šδᷢʲô˵
ȻվʹƷСʦÿһϤɰ£֮һʦɽɵƽ̵ɷ硣
һɽһ۵ŵ˪£СʦÿУλ˪ǺԽԵ£ֻɽһŵӡ˵ѣ˲ĵرΪЩ츳õĵӲ
˪´һʵӵŵΪʼһ·ϮЩΪеˣŵţͨӵӢӣٵᵤһڻҵʯҡֱϣ۷壬;һڿŵ壬յĴʦɽƽ̴ɷУ
ա
棡⻭Ϥⲻǰˬ
˪ˣ߻ҷԴģλ壬±װ֣һǺˣǶǻˣСʦú޺˵
⸱ӣվ֪˪ϳ˲ٿ
Ŀ⿴ǰߺ޵ƷСʦãһ£˵ʦϲʦְ
Сʦôŭ˭ϲǸˣ
㡭ա
ƷСʦû˸ۣϲҴʦ󡣡
ˡ
ĬĬظǰλƷСʦôˡϲŮڻҵŮСʦáǩ
Ƕǰˣǰ᲻ϹϲһڵѾ̥ǣ۾ٵһᲱˡƷСʦ˵
ǣϲտ˵
ƷСʦԶʱһۣûʦ㣬δҲ̫˵㣬Щ㶼ûʲô뷨𣿡
侲ƽҸʲô뷨
˵һδұҪ뷨Ҳ޳յ
˵ƷСʦóĬһ£ȻٿʱĿ侲ʦϹۣŻῴ˪ǸαļˡЦһ˱ģóɵʦ㣬ȴҪƫҪȥĿɱ顣
¿ǰһϮŮޣϸޣڷǣϼŨһȻĽ䡣
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ǰûǶԼ˵ϣպ޽˰ϱ֣յΪټ⸱˫գݵ˪Ǹ˶֡
˪»ƶյĽ𵤺²Ϊʡ
պ˪µ̬¸վ͸֪ʦƷԸ߽಻мΪУ֮Ĳޡ˪ǿʦ֪˪νĽ𵤣
Σ
˪񲻹һµŴڣӶһ˽ţȻΪͽ˪»ӵݻһȻؾڵõһɲݣɲ֮Ϊͻ𵤡¶һ£Ŀ⿴ǰɫ˼һۣʦؾ
˵գЦһ࣬һָһջпһɲݾܴͻƽᵤġǿԣǶ˶ȥѰɲݱˡ
˭֪ҩǿΪ鸡ȣѽף˪µĽƷ𵤡¡
Ʒ𵤿ɲǿҩླģʿǱĿ޶궼һƷ𵤡
ʱû˻˪½ᵤè壬ͽƽ̴ʦɷ֤ݻɱ㲻ֻ֮ǻԵ˵á
뵽±ЦһҲǣ˭뵽˪ºɷԼ˾ǰܹɳкͬŶ˽ǿΪ˵ɥĲ֮¡
ҲǺ֪ģ˪µĽ𵤲гǶʦĽ𵤣аǿнᵤǿŽʦĽ𵤣µ
ա
ϢеҪ
¿ųĬ˼գûг֪һµ֪جĵʦ㣬ȻǼΪܵشġҲţʦԱȻܹܿĻȷжϡҲΪѡͬպгԭ򣬻һ࣬ڹȥһװ£ʲô鶼ûзվ糣ǸƷСʦá
ǶŸĸҲδ¶飬Ҳţοˡ֪ˣǻǻһۿ˪ŻķˮۿŴȼʼ˪¾ҪƾһԾŴӴ˻ڷɣܸģǰݡ
˼ȥйյִ˵ͷǰѰλʦ㡣Ǹܲ˪£˪Ǹ˼ֱаţ˭˭ùԱҵǰ֤Խǲçײصޡ
ǿԱܿ˪£ʦ㲻а˪պǿΪƷ𵤻ǴʦĵͳߵģǲݵĳԻ¾գС˪£ܶϾ͸ˣʦܹɱ˪Ǿ͸ˡ
¾£ʦƷŵùõ˵ȥ
ʦá̧֮˵㷽˵мʡ
Եͷʦ˵
˼һһؾڣա
ǡ¡
ȻˣʦʦǺηӦʵ
סð֮󣬲˵˵
˶ʱЦˣһ⣬ǰʦӺˣ
֪µʱҲʶڡ
֪ʦ˭ա
ǽǺӡſڣյ
Ŀ⿴ˡ
¡
¿죬Ȼ˵ʦŲţҷ˵ġ
տ˵š
ԣɫݣŴ
ǣʦ㿴һܶ鶼ѾıˣǰһһǽɵͽܣʦţͬҲʦֱݻͷʦʦֱزĲ׵ġ˵еʦֲƽ̴ʦɷ磬ʦĴӺ⽣Ҷ
ԣɫ㶡
ʦãҲ÷ˣִ׳ħϡᱲɵңңڣյ
ֱ·ƷʱҲյǾ仰ңڣ
ңڡ
ңڡ
ңڡ
ͷ·ħһ㣬µԺﲻϵĻ仰أȻ£ʹ޳
ǰħߣδðңڡ
ޣԹʹ࣬ýѣ
գγйԹޡʹ࣬뽫һΪĺ֪ĿһԹ޵Ԩ
ϵǸˣԶĸͨ͸Ҳ޾δ޾־塣
Ҳ졭
ģˡ
վƷĵϣʹ޳޵òԼǰͬһӭһĻʱˣȻæ󲽳ǰϵǰοʦãôˣ˭۸㣬ʦȥ
ޣ޵ʦĶˡǰʹ޲ѵĻ£ֻĶʹˣһۣ޲ýǰ§ο£ޣʦڡ
һ߿ޣһ߻һ


2 
Ȼ뿪֮ԭãûб¶ǰ㲻⻨·˵δȻȥޱȣǱܳ谮֮ŮƷСʦûҪ˻ԡ
ң˲ŵģΪǴԽġϱǸСΨѧ۵ֻӰˣԽѧɽ硣
ȻԽˣҲ֡
ǻ˵ǸաľԲϣҲͻ¿еǸⶾֱ˽𵤻һµġաͬһˡ
˲Ϣ仯һ΢ĸıܹһȻͬδ
ø߶˵˵˵ƽͬһ˲ͬѡγƽ硣ͨ׵˵ϷϷÿһѡҲͬѡͬĽ֣HEҲBEԼTE֣NE֣
¾ǴBEĽģ뵽ղЦˣȤζ˵ĻλƷСʦ񲻾ǴBEֵңǣ֣¿
·˵ĻСʦþǿ
Сʦǣʲô
ջ˵Ǹ£վǸһ¸Ů˪£ͽָڻҡ
棬ô˵ĻŮ˶λⲻѧһ£ֻһǲŶ԰
ⲢǶά⣩Ϸվάʵ˵ÿ˶Լǡ
ĳѡ֮ӣոΪÿ˶ǡ
Ҳ졣
Զڻ˵⵫⣬ٲΪ˶šδδ˪ȴռסˣϾĳ𵤵ġŮأ

Ϊ˻Ƿҹպ˸ΣԵߵĽǶȹۿΪաŮ޵һ
ξǸƶƫƧׯĹŮĸ꣬еϸɽҰʱϸȥˣ׵վֻӹúòҡе䲻һŮҲΪ˶ǿ±Լ˲ϣҲշϸ֮ձһֱһٱһԼԼˣССͷݻӪֻӣ˵ǳˡ
⵼һֱԱģºɽɣǽᵤҲԱġԱĿĹ裬޷ı䡣
ɽÿᶨȥ˽Ѱĺͯ£ձʮΪľ˫ϼʱǰǴɽɵӴС˵ʣ԰ݵʦʹˣȴãԱܾõһȣֱҲֻǰɽŵһ۵ĽΪʦ
յʦڽ𵤶ԪӤ޽͵Ǳ̣ʿŤܲҵյʦһΪֻܵӶŤʳԵСˣԼΪϼѵĵӣּղɽ֮ﵽ˶塣
ںղؾڣյʦ˪µʦĺô֮ѡϢˡյʦﲻеѹǰϲġ
ʱɽʼնĬĬ˼סɽ𵤣ƵˣΪԱʼղڱӰ֮ɽɳΪһˡŹȻѵãڴȱľš
Ǻ׷ƷСʦû£ҲΪ壬ֻǽǶԸ˪ºɷֶζѡʱãɱãյһһ硣
ίʵһΣ˵جˡ
Եյڶʱ򣬺һû˯õĲˬ飬¶µûţ˲ӬĶĸС
˪ҲͰˣû뵽صƽ̴ʦɷȻҲǸ˽ΪһŮֲֶܹͬεıСˡξĵȷȷ˪ºɷһ֪գյĽǱɷȡ˪µġ
ˣ
ܹΪƷСʦ˪ºɷһһˡ
Ҳˣȷͻ¿еġաͬһˣʱ䣬Ӵ˲Ȼͬߡ
ʱԽˡ
յϸȥãԭΪĹȴһҹΪջˣȻվʹԽˡ
һԽͽôһ߸زʱܹĲ壬ŵæŴӴǿҵʹ֧Ų壬ײײųȥ˸ھӵš
ھӸһţձֱһյ˼ſڡ
ĵھӸ˴ץҩԲѵյӲȥžȻյһ
Ȳõ֪ԼԽɹŴһƶСɽŮʱûһڣٴһΡ
յ׻ģܹ˭أ
ԣȻԽݺܿƣҲûֱĨӵѡֻѡֿĶգÿ춼ɫûʲôɾ
Ϊմ󲡳ԴҲ˾֡
ںھӵĽӼ£ɹ˴Խ죬ײǺƤˣھӾ֮ƶ޷ô˼ټԲȥ
ԣĥ¾ɽɵҰĢʲôģһûֻܴɽҰÿ硣
һɽɽҰûţǿһ׳ڴֵĴߣӴǰŵһ׵ۻѪ֪ȥ

էһ¿·ܳɾĴߣնʱŵеСĢˡ
ҵһ簡
пΣյʵն𾪵ʱ䣬ǴۿžҪеӵǰѾ߸̧ͷ­ſ˴ڣ¶˼Ķš
ҪԵǸùߵĿ¿ˣ
ҩ裡
ۼĿڷһɫĳ˵û˿ԥľͷɿĳȥſһѼ˵ϵĽȻûаɵİγеĽ
ʱһ֡
һᱡĳսУĿ⿴еĽ˴ʵݲԥ
ųһɫǰߵͷȥ
ܰӯĺ⽣ʹ񵶵ƣҲֻһˡ
ţ𾪵һĻˡ
ֻӽĶǱرһɫĽ⣬ϮϴߵľͷжϺ˳ȥй϶һ㡣

տǰϹĿѪͷʱ۾𾪡
ȳѪһ
һѪ۵ལľ
ӶǣԲۣ


3 
ȴҶѹʱ򣬿һѪ۵Сﵥֽĺ⽣һ㶵ķ·ɵ˰ı鵲ǰĿǰһɨʬڵصľ͵һԵͷ²⡣
ҶջĿ⣬ǰգź⽣϶˶٣üͷ΢΢𣬡СеЩƣԽײ
ջعתӿվĴҶ߰
̧ͷӲܿ鼱ûϸһǰǺĿͦȻݿϾʳ޹ڷãòˡ
Ŀôһ˲λյۣǺܿס񣬡ˡĿڽеһʿֿɰС
С
Ҷɫ˶٣ٿʱ˼ȣŷʲô
ĻǰСϵɫӽˣں׺ǳ۾η֮ɫĿڵߣߣ
Ҷ״°̾һС￴ŻˣĪ£˲㣬˵
ڴҶİ£СƽȻڳĽ
հγ˺⽣ú⽣նɱߣ⽣˲˾ͷ­ʱ򣬴Ҷ۵һĹ⣬յż΢⡣
ǴĽԲ˴Ľ߲֮ɫæҵĽ⽣ҶǰݣԲ𣬴硣ĿĿںڵ۾ˮģԭһ㡣
ްҶֽӹеĺ⽣˵ҲΪ˾ңл
ȻҶз壬Ҳ˲ǣСһƬľҲܲ졣
ҶˬǰСľ֮Ц֮Իر
ʶĽӿڵ
ԣҶһ£ȻĿʱ΢
СǷӦһ㣬ĳŴҶæ͵󣬿ֻһʱ죬û˼ġ
ĿǰҶǰĴżҸ˵
⸱Ͱ͵ģҶ̲סЦˣⶺŪô˵Ҳ޵һ˼֮ȷ
ȻҶǰգ¶˧ʧɫЦݣ˵СҪҪأ
ա
ޣ
ӣ˽£
⣬ⲻ̫ðɡСպһС˵һСأ
ۡ
Ҷ˵Ҳ̲סŤͷ̧ڴЦˡСôôȤɰˡ
һ̣Ҷ΢ЩΪϲϷŮΪġܿɰ
˵ҶǰСһͬı˵ǵ㳤ɡ
Ҷһת㳤ˣɡ
ա
ޣ
ɥĲСﶼŹ
ⲻðɣһΪѵı鿴ǵʱǲǡ̫ˣ
Ҷ
.޽.Ҷ¶ʱЩ΢ǱСϣ
Сﲻʶ
ҶǰͷԼżǲϵСһ޽ῡǰ;޽޵ĴûǰȴȳҪܾʮٻգǷҪһԸ
ϣҶĿ⿴ʵ
̧ͷĿ⿴˵Թĩ·˰ͷ
ҶĿ΢΢Ŀһۣƺ͵С˵ֻЦһĿǰգС֪𣿡
ա
һ̣վôҶϵЦЩˣף֪𣿡
Ƭ֮ͣͷŴҶЦݲã棬Ҳ֪
ɰܹϣңڡСҪҪͬһȥɣȥ已̥޵ɹֻ֮࣬ʴҶĿ⿴ǰ׵СЦʵ
ðҲĵͷӦ
ҶԣЦݸڿе޳ƣǰСķǣúӡ
۲ԸԳСԴĴҶ㳩켫ˣ¶˵ƻЦݡ
΢ͷ˳ԴСգڴҶĽǶҲ΢˴ǣЦ͵Сꡣ
һһС˿Цһޡ

֮󣬴Ҷ귽ջȥɽɣʦ޽ǽǺӣǺյĸ֮㽫£ΪڶҲһӡ
ҶҲû뵽飬ԭȥǺӣΪհγ˺⽣⽣Ľ
⽣ɽʮɽ֮һҶڽᵤ֮ǰڣѡ˵ѡʵǽѡˡڣĽѡϲĽʱѡдҶıǺ⽣Ҳ˳Ϊ޽պĺ⽣һĽ콾
޵ıֻнܹнڽ˵֮ȻẬ⽣ɽɽǰѰáվȻܹγ⽣һú⽣һͺܲͬѰˡ
ҶյǷ֮Ѿ뷨㽫ȥǺӼʲôԵʡҲܲ³ڽϱȻкڲͬѰ츳ģ޷γ⽣ġ
ԴҶԭ˼Ǵȥʦ𿴿ʦȻٽСڣҸʦС츳еǽԸΪͽǴҶû뵽ΪͽľȻԼʦ
ǺգԸΪʦ
Ҷʱ;ˡ
СҲͿͷʦʦˡ
ȵ̴Ӵȥ֮󣬵ֻʣ´ҶǺӶˣҶһɻʵʦѵһ𣿡
ǺĿ⵭Ƴһۣ̲˵ģ

ҶԶʱˣʲôȻ
ǵΪֹӴҶʼֻһӰҶԭҲΪʦֻһӣֱǺΪֹ
Ǻһ㣬գΪѰ
˵գĿζĿһ۴Ҷպͽ֪ˡ
Ҷ
ʦֻһӣΪҲĵڶ
ҶһʱΪá
ϸ룬ȷҲûĹ涨ֻһһΪֻһӣԺ¶Ĭһ
֡һǺ֮󣬱ˡ
ҶԤУҪ̫ƽˣ˵塰һͳպĵ;Ҫ̫ƽ
Ͼ˽Զʡ
ֿɰӣҶɵ˰ģСʦôӿɳܵס
ЩڴպˣϾ̫ƽ徲һ̶ˮȻҲġ
ҶСκһˣοǱǺӿиµĵӣ̤ɵ;ôƱҪĥѿһн
Ҳǲ˼˼ĲնѣȻ²Ǻ£ʦʦܹγ⽣Ϊ
ǺƳһۣ˵ϴΪ⽣ʱԲϮʦòܰγ⽣ն󡣡
ʵأҶʵ
⽣뱣СȻ˲㣬ȴܹʦáʦ鼱˺⽣Ӱ죬⽣ӦǺ˵
Ҷһű飬⽣ô
㵱˭ú⽣ӦǺһͲΪʦΪʦã
ΪΣҶ
ΪʦǧѵһġǺӡ


4 
ģ
ҶһΪǺӻᶯΪͽļڸ츳ҲǺģνıָһͨģ뽣ͨͨ˻һ⣬Ƕĵ˶ԣȴ׾ܹ⡣ǽͨڽ֮һϳ衣
ڽ츳ϣıһǱҲҪѷһϷ˵Ļ۷壬Ǹ۷塣˻Ǹӳǻ۵ΪȱʲôԾ׷ʲôɡ
û뵽żȻ񵽵СȻ޽ǧģҶüͷʱšΪ۷츳˵ÿô껹ðҶǣ걻ǺΪͽԭΪǿʡôǧδһһĻǧǰĽڽۣλǽƵ۵
죬ʦԪӤ֮ǰǺ˵
ԣҶɫ΢üĿصĵͷĺĲͬǿԱȡġ˵Ľ°Լǻڣһ̶ϵõǸ˶ڽĸӦԡѷԭҲҪԶһˡÿһǿ֮ǰԼ츳ԷӶᡣ
ͷΪʦᶣʦã˵Ǻӡ
ʦõ츳˵Ҷšüͷ˵ǺӴֻһͽĹͳҶ˸СʦãȻ²кⲻŻᱻǺӿͽ
ԣǺЦްʱ˵ʦһͬǱɡ
⡣ҶǣǱʶǺã
ɫ޵ǣȶ۷彣ʺ١
ǺЦЦΪҪ٣
Ҷ
ʶʲôһ㣬Ҷͫ͵һھѵ
ûŵĿ£Ǻӻͷʦȷǡ
Ҷ
ʲôʦã
ɽּ񵽵һСĽΪһţҶǲǺľƽе뵽ҶɫЩأ̧ͷĿ⾼ǺӣʦСʦøͽɺã
´СʦԺղŵͽˣ˵СʦŸľ޽жһ޶ͽܣ
ǺƤһۣԥʦãΪʦͽܣʦõ⣬Ϊʦͬ⣡
Ҷ
ģ
ܾĴҶ۵˲䰵ȥ硣δҪղͽˣⱲӵСʦùˡ
֮ǺӾٰʽİʦᣬɽɵλͬ󣬴ƽ϶ϯˡոǺӿͷ裬ǺӺİʦ裬ʽӡ
յҲɽɵĵ¼УǰݵǺΪʦǺڷ֮һվֱӳŵӡ
ʦǺȡһͷѪƳɻƣڷɽɵĻãǺӺɽɿԴӻжÿһŵӶˣĸŵˣŲܲġɽִڵҪҪʬӲףŵӸǡ
ڻµǸǰաǱˣġҲ֪أϵӽξ￴һ顰աս͡աصĲ»ԭͽ¼ԭίࡣ
ǻǰġաڵգǵ츳ͬͬǽľ˫Ľǡ
ڰɽɲ֮ͱ٣ҲΪǱղŻݵһ־ͨŽΪʦڣԱҲеԪӤΪͽϾǶ۷Ľʡ
һֱδֱ֣ĳһɽɵƽ̴ʦɷͬһؾؾУؾе˵ƣʱ֪ԼȻǧѵһģʱڳɷ֪ˡɷҲ죬֤˲й¶ա
ؾáաᵤˣᵤ֮ɽɵĵӴȡǰʸȻʱδţǽǿڻõȼһյƵġ
ԭǴȥõȼƵģʱ˪ºɷţӣաͬˡȻ˪Ϊӵԣȥһؾ̽Ϊɷ˪¶ͬԡաҲûܾȥؾ֮̽̽㵽Ὺʼʱ򣬡աֱȥᡣ
һȥõƵǱˣաҲδģԵ֮ȥȼƣû뵽ؾˣǱѱ̶˽𵤶
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֮ʬ޴棬һԩ֤˶ûУʵ˱ң
ξڡաкܳһʱ両ʬϿգԭˡաͬɷһͬȥ˪ȥڳˡաʬף࣬Ȼȥ
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Ϊ˲˷֡աĽ𵤱˶ˣɷҪաʬ׻ȥʬ𼣡˪Ϊ˾ҵòȡʦĽ𵤣ѰαٻʬףʦΪɣ
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Ȼ˱ֽաʬˣʱջ˪湦򡣽ã˼Ĳع̥˪뿪֮󲻾ãͱɷȥڳˡաʬףֱĽġ
Ǹ
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5 
ҲֻǺ棬˶ѡֺÿȥҲ죬һ΢ĩŵӲģһ˪µɽӢܰʱ࿴
ͽͽ֮ģղһ˪ܶһɷҲ
ͬ츳ʣյпҪξġաˣеġաδᵤأõºɷͬһܾؾ˻Եô֮󣬳ؾŽᵤ
ڰǰᵤˣᵤ֮Ϊ˹Ϊչ˰꣬һؾͱƷСʦŸ֪ǰһס
껹꣬Ľ˷ŵ޽綼ܵһŵģǽ޲ЩΪ磬޸׷Խ衣
˭ýиԽ׶սأ
˵ʿ츳ܵĻǽ޵츳Խ׶սأ
ƿصĽܹȵǵսһΧڵΪ죬Խ׶ս·硣ƩڵΪǽ𵤳ڣŲڽڣҼ𵤺Ҳǲġ
˪һʿǾһ̲ˡҪʶȤؼȥҲˣҪȥǾͲˡΨһ鷳ľɷ磬ɷԪӤʿա򲻹
ôɷ簡ɷѵܹΪ˪ȥǲˣ岻ڰͲͶʦ˼ˣʦִҶ͹һġ
ԣȻ͸һաıδһ㶼ӵġ
ⱲӢһǵɽѵĴҶɣȻ޵֪֮˵մҶҶһԶ壬˲
Ϊʱһʱûתܣĳ־˴ҶŻкҶɽǺӣǺΪͽ
һһ޽Ʊж񱨣ǲʱδ룬ξ˪ݶΪһ֮˽ֲܹкͬţɷΪŰպбӦ
뵽΢΢һЦξвδʾ˪ºɷĽ³ò˵ΪźһһξǸ޹أͬƷСʦ˵ǰ㣬ΪûоδġδȥѰ˵ĳ
˲Ҳˣ˪ºɷʲôǶ˶ʲôƱۻ
Ȼվʦֻӱ¿ˣŻΪһŮ޶֣Ȳ˵кͬǴŹ塢ʦʦǣҲǵİ
ξﲻһǸóʦ䲻ɽˣȷȷʵʵ޽Ĵ֮һ
յĵӲأ
ҲԻ˵㹦飬ͨ˱㲻ȥᣬܹˮڱвС
֮ջĸԼ˺裬ڳĴԵĲ輸ߣһ輸ģ棬Ժʻò⡣
Ʒһ֮󣬱޳ָһ̶ŵҧһڣ۾΢á
ֺʱⲢûгãۿۿۣŴ汻ˡ
ڿٵĽе̶ָֽ꣬ϵĸмɾȻһĵŮ֮ˣǰȥš
ţվŵˣ϶ʱ¶˲֮ɫû뵽˻һ㣬߷ֲеʦ֡
ĲˣξΪ˪𵤵ɽƽ̴ɷ硣
գվһϮɫߴɷ΢΢һЦʵЦݺţ£Ǹ߽ʼ˵ľӡ
ռ֮ɵһ㶣֮ǿϧˣû뵽ʦƵľʵǸ˽޵µıӺݶ֮ˡ
ʵպɷϵƵϺãΪͬΪݹصŵӣʱͬΪƽ̴ӵɷ򽻵νƽ̴˵ֱ׵ǾǹµģЩ޶³ɷ硣ɷΪǫѷº񣬽µľܹĺܺɷԵܲƽ̴ʦʵŵӶ
ڱ·ô֮ǰ඼ǶĴ澴صģǸĵξ֮նɷľȥ˴룬ǶƷ˸ʺš
Ȼ֪ξξܺΪһ̸ҲԼ䵽ξǸ³˵ıǲģɷξܹΪ˵Ʒ¶ǰ߽๫
ղòȥǰ
Ҳǡ
Ǩŭɡ
뵽˭ܲǨŭأ
ַʥˡ
ʦáɷ翴Цݺ㣬˵Ѱһ񡣡
һ㶡


6 
Լ쵽ˣ޵£һԼǵԼߵǱģÿյʦʦֺͽõͬ͵
õǴԽǰϱӵⱲҲǸĹ¶յɽɵʱ򣬴Ҷʹȥ˸򵥵ĵǼǣǸʱձ¼
ͬ꣬ɽɹԽĵһգʦʦֶ񣬻һϯ棬ʶͬʦʦǰ
ʱɰոжĲᣬϾǿĲ˵ʱѾͬɽɣⱲӵҲǴʱŬȥ磬ɽɡ
ͯʱÿʦʦֶϯͽʽҲƽͳմԽʱǰ縡Ƽ֮ҲԼĶλô˲ˡղǺӺʹҶԺ󲻱ˡʿʱһչؾǼ꼸ʮãĸؾһ벻áˣҪʦʦÿһʵΪѣһأ
ǰղûʶ㣬ʱԼ㣬вȥˣʶõͬŶᣬҲֻǻòöġʼղһ롣
ȵķſĽᣬһζĵ˵ĺ⣬Ҳȥͬȵĺ⡣һЩԵͱˣȻȥŸ
ʮʦʦֵӸϯпվͬһһ޿վͰˡѾźü꣬ҪôͬʦһҪôͬʦһ𣬺ѵһͬˣÿһʦʦһ˭Ҳ䣬ÿնܹյǶ˵񣬲ҶϡıΪˣûٱõͬʦǴȤ˵ǸСţĽжǰõʦʦ֡
֪һֱǱĽģܹһֱǹֿֿĽʦ֮в˶ã䵭ԹҲ
ԣպϧ飬ϧϧʦʦ֡
ÿһܹյܶ񣬳ʦʦ⣬õͬҲͣĿ϶ʦʦ֣ϾҲѧʣʵӳϵǳ
Ϊƽ̴ʦֵɷÿ׵һʼΪСӣŵʱʦʦΪͶ˶С壬ֹò䣬Ҳ䡣ʦʦ־ȥСһ棬СǺȺ޶һˣġ
ɷĴʦ֣ʦһտ˵Ƥӵ³ģһȺСʦСʦУҲ׵ʦãͬͬʦͬŵʦҪȰ˸ӴһֻմͬڵӵʦùϵҪ׺
ԣСɷͺչգ֪λСʦÿյʦʦֵҲ֪ÿ궼ʦʦԼõͬŻɷļʦʦÿ궼յÿҲʾ֭Ļ͸ȤʵɷԺﲻʱ˵һ䲻ǡĻͶľң֮
Ǹ鲢Ҹжĺӣɷ롣
˭᲻ϣԼĺⱻϧıأ϶ǲ֪ж̤ĵˣ֮ȣλСʦõϡ󣬿ɰ˻ϲ
ҲǴһյɷĵһ΢΢֮ݺȻ֣òĵлת֮ȥɷСʦܴȻͬɷһݻһ˼
ʱɷݺ񣬿ʵ¶µЦݣ˵лʦãͷʦ÷ˡ
һСʦõ񣬱֪Ƿһ˼ģŪ˵ġ»ϲ֮һֹȻ˵뷨λСʦõֿ֮ˡ
صĲΪ֪Ļϲÿһ궼λСʦ񣬲ҵĻ񣬲²ֻʲôλСʦÿ͵ǲһģʿʱһԭǼ򵥵Ҳ鷳
֪ʲôʱɷ羹ҲʼڴλСʦõ񣬴һʼϷʵٵֱڴ
ɷһĻΪԸĶϷ

ͷʦֵˡһòɷл˵ûоܾÿ궼ûܾҪǾܾǾԵúˡ
ȻΪξ¶˼ƫҲѿԺάֱͬĪɣǰҲģҲȥıʲô
ʦúα˿ӦõġɷЦݺ˵׺ǳںǳЦע۵ǹ˸
ղδֽӹ̴ľУȻ򿪣ﾲصһηɫʯ
ǡտ鱦ʯʱĿһƷ龧
ɷ翴ɫЦ˵˵ʦٴƷķ龧ǡһ顣
̫ˣҲգü¹ϵݻɷ硣
ỳɷ⻰͹ˡɷ˾裬Զ⻰龧ѵãرǸƷ龧мУ龧ҪԸΪѵáհǰȥԼκ÷ͣ󹺸Ʒ龧ǸƷ龧š
ɷôһƷ龧ôɺϣɺǾ׼Ľ黹زʦ͵ģͲ֣Ҳɷ˰ɣܾǸ겻ġ㲻ǣҲգ̫ˡ
ܾ˵ɷЦݶʱˣǰǴҶ㣬ܾ𣿡
ԣ̧ĿĿһۣû
ʦǲͬġί˵ռˣҲ˵ģʦأֱ׳
ɷϵɫˣ죬Ȼ󻺻ЦռұˣҲ
಻ðʶľͽӿڵܶʦֲ
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첻˵ɷĿ⿴ɫ˼ʦһٵľܾң㣿ʵ
ա
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
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ǾͶлʦˡռþգ̨̺˳ƾˡ
ܾɷֵֹģǰû֣ƺʦһֱչˣɫ˼ƺʦֳߵĴеƵ


7 
վԵúܲòɷݺȲ裬ɷ纬ЦӦұȴ֮ˡ
ڿĲ輸ϣһ裬üĿרݲ裬ϸִָŲ쳣ĺÿ˸
ɷ޴ÿĶŴʲôĿ
ʦáո˱˵
ɷ豭һڣȻ޵ʦݲԽˡ
һ϶ˣʯĳҲҪͼֺ֣á
Բÿɷֿ׻ˣѹ˱˼ûͺͷת͡
ʦôʱȥڣɷʵ
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ɷԿʦò҆£ҵ뽣ڣľ¡
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ԣɷʱЦˣкࣿܰʦñɡ
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Ҫ츳Ϊɣһͱʦ֣Щ˱Q˵
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ִľУʱ۾һλƷСʦúϵһе棬κʿġ
ʦʲôսľ¹ϣ̧ǰʵ
¼ûܾʱһϲ֣صʦҶӰ


8 
߳ҽٰ۽ᣬʤ߿ɵõӰĿ⿴ǰգ˵ϣʦܹΪҶӰ
ӰǷǰһıʲôɽǶ˵Ӱ޿ȡģһӵѡĻᣬɲĳԡ
ҲΪǰϵ֮ʱĪޣصޡµľԼǣǰıͳޣЩȻϲָ֮е̿֡ȲҪ룬ȴ־ʱ֪ӰϢ
ڵ֪ӰһͷһҪµõǰһֱıΨһûб֮ǲʹһöһʹѧĽѵǣΨһᱳֻԼеĽ
ǿܵĻҲϣܹԼֶӰΪãֻܰˡǰʦõӰȥһ뵽ȥĺ޲ȥǾģ
ʦõ˼ҶˡĻЩȻ̧Ϊңʦиõѡɣ
ʱЦЦȳ͸Źɱʦ֪еӰεģ
ʦ֣Ե֪Ӱ֮ǧʦ֣ſϴӦң˵Ȼɫݣ޵ⱲҾҲȥ
֪˵ǰˣŻ⸱޵ģٶĻҲʲգλƷСʦĲΪԹ޵ޣ˼֮ǰ޷
ίҴӦˡ˵
Ӧˣ·Щ첻û뵽ջӦһ㡣ʵϣڻһʱ֮Ѱ˵Щղ䲻侲Ȱ֮ԽǰѰհе鲻̫ϣ
ʦƺӼΪ䵭ӣǻ¶յӡǰǸաŵʱ´δйֱͼաԴԸ˪ºɷ磬Ŵӵ֪ˡա£Ǹֿɱ֮ˣǻ¶ȫӡˡ
ҲΪλ᲻ܲ˵ǰѰպгԵʣҪ֪աôӵĻǴҲçײð챻մ򷢻ȥ֮󣬻¾ȥλʦ㣬óϢ䵭ǿơš֮ˡʤδϣһԲϾõ˼졭ࡣ
ʱ¾;ˣ²ѣ˭ĵӾȻʦԲѣлʦ㲻ɱ֮ʦûʵ̫ˣ
ʵǾµģǰ֮ǰģδաϣԲŸǰӸʩ̬ȵĶ˵ǰ˵ǣȻͱžžžˡ
һٵĻ»Ĺȥˣ侲֮󣬵֪Ǹʲô֮Լ֮ǰ飬ʱųһ亹
ʦ㣬ӦˣмĿǰ˵
ѩ׵Ķ쵰࣬͸ˮ㣬͸ŹɽǸŮ
տλƷСʦֻҪ񱩣ǸϲƯС
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ΪδӦң͸żֽţΪܾ
ӦʹӦˡĿ⿴˵ʲôҲǲˣ˵ǰ˵δĽҲʮںǶ˵ʹЩĳˣ뱨ǣԶǣ֮顣
ܹ⡣ա

ĿĿأ䣬ǿſŶžž઴˲輸ϣʦ㣡˵Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𣡡
һĵǸȴ˵ΪεǸ
տǰͷ˫᲻ͣŮɵص̾˿ḧͷˣ㲻ǻ뱨𣿡
ð֮󣬲Ƶشһš
ǾͺúԴıǳԽǿѹȻ̤赭д͸ŹƵİ
ʦǴԸʦ𣿡ʵ
һ٣û뱨ֺû𣬲ôһ˵
ԣ˵Ķԡ˼˵Ǹѹͷϣ֪˭ǲܵˣ
ô˵ҲûֻҪԽɷ磬ɷǿȻѹѹͷϣҲõԺ˭һ𣬾ĺ˪½һˣһ˫˴һ˫
Ļ̧ͷһĿѩϾϻžӨ飬ʦ
ա
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ʲôأ


9 
۽ʲôʱʼʵ
ǰһ̶ⶢſԥƬȻŵҧһڣ۾ˢһ˵ĻĻ˵ա

һ侲ն⻰£տɫһѾտʼң
½е̶ȥɬ˼˵֮ǰˣǰӻ֮ӶôŪǶԼˣôʦˡ
۽Ӱ˵ǶϱӺþǰˣʱӻһʱûҪ۰Ͱ͵ͬ˵ӦˣӦȥϯ۽Ӱǲ硣
𣬻²֮ǰжôôȥӰʱĻˣ޲ûصǸʱһԼû˱Ȼ¸ʱҪȥӰԼжôϲӰΪֻǸˡͷ
Ӱʲô޽ͷǰ޽һӵ彣ֻһžŮޡҸȺӢͶ磬罣ˣӢ۶᷼ĵͷͨ׵˵ǰӰ
Ȼ·˵㣬ŮǾͳһסⲻŮǣȫۼڱ߳ӰӰ˰ټΪ޽һ˵彣ֵĹ⻷Ů޶֮͡
Ļ±ˣڵ֪Ӱ֮ͬħһҪȥΪ
ȻǰңڵңյŲ׷ոµҡ¸սӰ֮ͬʱԼڵֻŰĽն³ԹŮɢһһԣ
ա
ǣʦãҾˣ
аɣ²˳٣ôͳİ
ͷӦ

߳ǾɽɲԶպͻ֮ǰϵ˱߳ǣ֮Ͷޣֱ߳ǵĿջˡһ˺üҶǿ»رоر𵭶İοյʦĪţ´Ů޻ټһ񶼾ۼССһ߳Ϊʵ
ǰקǰ߳ǶӰʱĶӰڱصõĻȻ׼ͳˣǰ߳ǣѰ˺þòҵһпշĿջľ¾ϵеĿջͱҪѰһշѡ
ǽҹҪ¶޽ͷ˵ʦ
߰˼ҿջɫԽԽڣȻδڱԹʲôϵϢԽԽϵɫҲ˪ԶԶźһŮޣˡ
Ͷδɵһ˵תȥԣ˶Ȼ󶶵ԽԽˡ
㶶ʲôб˵
ûǿŵ
۲Ϲշ˸۵
ðɣʦ䡣ɫݶ˵
ƳһƣʱһյĴڣµɫѪɫлʦ㣬Һöˡ¶յл˵
ĵлû˵üͷתͷջڿȥֻǰջڶһ׷ʿ׷տüĿ纮˪ѩϢǺ䳹һ㡣
ۼĿָŵľƱḲһ㱡ı˪ǹļµĺǴϴֹǻ£ջŵ඼鲻ԽĴ֣ôô䣿
ôͻȻˣ
ô£


вԾ˳е
ƲĿһ㣬Ƕڿջڵİ׷ʿ̧ͷſڵտȥյĿײɫ޾岻š
׷ʿƬ̣Ȼ촽䶯˼£ƿĿ⣬վתŶ¥ȥ
뿪֮ԭ䳹ջĺ˪ʱɢ١
ջڵ˲ɵһֲ֣ˡ
оˣ
⵽ô£


վԵĻҲʦ㣬Ҳˣ
šüĿӦ
뷽Ǹ׷ʿǸˡĿǣǸҲ޶⡣
Ǹ׷ʿʶʵ
Բԣʵĸ
Ƿİ׷µޡա
ûע⡣¡
Ŀ˸ʷǵһʦֵЩ֣ͷûи׷ģ
ԣǸĿ˵Ǹʦ㣬Ҳǵˡ
ϸ룬ǸӦʵܳڣǸСǳˣ㲻ûӡġ˵
ʦ㣬ǰҶԣֻҪʦڣעⲻ˵ġί˵
ʦ㡣
ʦô£ա
ʦ϶Ǹĸ̥¡
һ˲䣬ͬʱ
˶ã²ڨڨѵʦ㣬ǲҿջͶ𣿡
տһۣ˵ţ롭
գ
һ
յĻϣתͷȥֻջ¥ϣһλȸ̳۵ĿĿ⾪ϲĿ
ɫһ٣Ȼתſջȥ
ʦǲҪȥͶ޵ĵط𣿡½С˵
ûҪա
¡
ջڣ¥ϵǸȸ̳۵Ҳ¥ݣǰݴЦû뵽㰡˵Ȼ˿ûǸˣʵʦأ
ʦ಻֪ںδս͵˵ղź֪ʶ˼µͬʦǰ
˵ʶԼˣЦЦת˵һ꣬û뵽㾹ᵤˡ
Ե˱ˡԼ˵
ϲֹĽ޶ô䵭˵ģ赭дİѽᵤ˵ĸԷˮһ򵥣תһɲ˱ˣ˰
Ҳʹ޾ģվŵĻ£Цʵλؾʦõʦ˰ɣ
ţʦã¡սܵȻתԻ˵ڣȱ
ˡ¶ȱе
ȱЦеʦòؼ⣬ʦֱɡ
ʦ֡´Ŀڵ
ʦúùԡȱתͷ˵
üϾʦá
Ƕ˵佱ùԵĻ£Щӡ
磡
һŮ
ͬȱһ̧ͬͷȥֻ¥һλŵɫȹòŮ޶·ȱе
ãǡȱЦ˵
գȡ
ȱǣ򵥴ֱ
ȱˣЦ㻹ͷһô˵ġö˵֣¶һĵģȻȴҪǳֵãαĺܣ
˵һı˵޶ȡвƣֻĻһֻͽн
⣡ȱ޵Լ֮飬գΪֻ鱦󡣡
鱦һΪѰҸĵرʿ׽ѾټѰޡ
ǾͶлʦˡ˵
ȱЦ˵
磬λǣȱ˹Ŀ⿴һպͻһۣȻߺͬȱ̸ϣʵ
СãͬܣλɽǽɵĹСӣաȱ˵
ԣǵ۾ʱһϲգ
ձӦһͷ˵ǡ
ʮǰɽһգ۾ͬϵһ̾Ŀա
ҡա
ԭ㳤пϲ˵
վķӦЩ֣תͷĿѯʵĿһߵȱ
յĿȱЦЦȻ˵ĳߣʮǰɽһսѹȺӢὣףӢԾʸλǰʮճⲻþ޿ɾҩ㡣
ա
û뵽ȻҲСá
һԵĻȱⷬǾȲѣʦԭôתͷĿ⿴һԵգհɫһ䵭ƶȱ˵޶ԡͷ·˵ЩóܹԵðȻҫֻѰ°ˡ
ʱеʶʦǽɵĵӣʾǰ;Ľţδ⽣ɣռλÿķ羰ǳ޷󼰵ġ
Խ˽⣬Խ߲ѣֱӱ¿ˣŸȥʦԲѵ˵ЩԷ
ʦôҳѵӦ𣡡ֱ׳˵
ʦ㡣սһ
ȱ˶ʱǳ˳飬أʦÿҪ˼ʮ꣬˼˼ʦ𣡡
Ҳȫ͵⣬ҪֹͱմΪҲո߰񲻹𵤳ڣǿʵʵĽΪͻΪһ㡣
ǱôһҲʱع¶ʱãˣһСĽﻰ˵ˣԼĻ˵ûŵ㣬֪֮գˣʵΪˣʮǰ֪𣬾֪ΪԶСŮպػᳬԽϾʿŮվ޽۷ϡ
ȴ飬ʱǾ;ȥˣΪܷŵϣɹɷ
ʦóԽֻʱ⣬ⲻ罫ʦг𣿡ڨڨ˵
ȱһˣɸֵʱúǰˣ
ʦأͷ
ʦ顣˵£ȻҺϲ
𣡣Զʱ۾һĵǹ˸ϲĿա
š˵
ɫӻϲˣñˡ
ʦ֣ʦ㣬˵λ̸һҪȥѰסޱȸˡ˵
ԣ˵ʦ㻹δҵסʱɲңеĿջ¶ˡ
˵գƬ̣Ȼǲ⣬סҵӣȥֳպһɡ
᲻̫鷳˵
ʲô鷳ġһԵȱ˵ǴҶʦãӣԼ˺αؼ⡣
˳Ʊ˵ǾͶлλʦʦˡ
ȱЦ˵
һԵĻ¡
ˣ
ĿĿԼʦ㣬˲֪ѵ֪ʦһʼʹ⣬ʦֵķ䡣
Ҵȥ䡣кպͻ˵תͷԵС͸Ц˵λʦõʦðɣôƺ
¡
ԭǻʦðԼ˲ؼ⣬ʦúʦɡ


պͻȥķ֮󣬱뿪ˣתȥȱķ䡣
ȱȥȤ˵ôûʦöһ᣿
Ϊ㣬ǰûɫ𣿡Ǹ˵
߹ȥȱĲ£ԼԼ˱裬п˵û뵽ʦóôһӡ
ôʧˣȱɫ˵
ǡǡ෴˵ֻӵǰ齣ŮӾȻһգ罾顣
ԶҵԺݣȴֲ֮һǸп˵
ȱһԾţ溬΢Цֻ˵Ҷʦãܲġ
û뵽˵Ȼ̧ͷĿ⿴ǰֳ˵۽аգ
ȱԶʱЦˣ˵ð첲հûҲֻǽ𵤳ڣҿǽ𵤺ڣס
޲С˵
ҲСﰡȱ˵
һˣб
ûһȱն˵
ĿԴǼƶ˵
һԤУԼҸҪ
ʮǰɽʱղѾΪˣɻ˵ôŽᵤ
ǰյִӢʧʱȺޱ֪ᵤˣӢȡµӢյִʧֻһܣᵤˡ
ʲôֵģǽϲѹΪˣʦִҶǣͣ˶նɱ˶ٽ𵤣ҿûѹΪŲòᵤȻĻͣʮʮģʦֵһȱ˵
ǹ
ð֮ǲ˵


10 

պͻ¥¥¿ջڵȱóǶ֣ʦãʦã
ճǿһۣȻֱ˹ȥȱǶǰ¡
ҹ˯ÿɺãһϮɫȹŶ΢Цպͻʵ϶ĵĸ˱Ȳ衣
տֺǡôЦݣ˾ñػֲͬһ㣬ʧׯλʦ㵱һ֦ŵɽ軨ġղɵÿɽ軨ŵļڣɽصĽɽ軨ɢ㣬˷·صĹȥ
ġ
ʦĸ䵽¶޽ͷһҹߡ˵
ԶʱЦøģá
ҹ˯ҲܺأǶյ
Եȱ仰ûһڲǺĿƳһԼСãһı飬׵ģôĵÿ϶׵ģ׵类ˡҹ˯úã˯أɽһȱķ䣬ָȱȥ̣Ҫ˯
ȱ
ȱô죿ԼҵãȻֻгˣ
˯һϱ̵ȱʾӶĹ屦˶Ӧó谮ǣ
ԹԹ޻ڣ
ĿĵͬһͬУһȥ򸮣Ƕպͻ·
պͻµͷӦ
ţȻȥ
һ֣㵽򸮵ĵؽ磬Ǳ߳ǵҴ󻧣ڳռ˴Ƭءɽӣˮǽڱ߳÷ߡ
ԶԶأһ˾Ϳǰǰˣȥ϶Ůͬ޽ͬҶŮƯеĿʡһ¾ǰͬ˵ҵ۽ġͷʱе΢أ
Եǿ΢ɫһЦˣǲǾЩŮͷ·ǿпȸȶ޵ĸȸʮֿЦ
ա
λʦô
ǲò˵ܾ٣ϬһѪˡ
ֻǾ΢ѡ˵
Ŷǡ
žǾáʤ֮ɡ˵ǴӮЩˣҲöôйʡ
붮˼ͷͬϾʦóϯĿɶǲɽȺӢ͵Ľʢᣬһ۽᲻ǻȡˡ
һΪŮǰ̨Ƚ໥һƲµһ彣۽ᣬƸܸ߶˵ȥͬǰϯ̨Ҳ඼һȺʿտϡ
վߵĻǶ˵ĶԻϱ鸴ӣϾǿеġЦֻ֪ȶ޵Χһֻȸת޴ĸȸ
ǵĻյЦһδ˵˼ֻǵľʤ֮䣬ϵ˼Ͼʦ¶Ľɿϰ꣬۽Ⱥֻѧ˸ƤëԶƲϵĳ̶ȣֻýѡˣһʮһٸնԶһģǵ֮Ĳ࣬ͺߺͭ
Щ棬ʦҲҪӰ𣿡պʵǿſɲΪЩͷǰὣˡ
ô𣿱ϾҲǸŮأ˵
ʦˡ˵˲š
˵ʦҲ֪ø˻Ǹѹá˵ˣϵıȻǸ˼ˣΪնĸ߿ʵӰһֱǱ͹һѽͬСˣܹ޽紳ŵŮֻһܿ
˵̲ס̾ϢһŮ޲ףӱòۣӦõӹʵۣ˲ӦֻݣΪ̸ʡ
Ȼ˵ʦǲ뱦ɳϧˡ
šָǽˡ
Цʦ˵ǰУӰǰѳֵȡһáϾҲʦǽޣһֻһ˵ʼղһѱУ죬ɱбɡ
ԣղÿɷ¸λʦһӲķǰĳƺš
һֱվԱǶ˶ԻĻһӵ֡ƺδ˽ʦ㡢ʦŮޣ֪ľ֮֮ķ羰Ŀ֮Ȼͬ
Խ˽⣬ԽǷԼǶôĿ⣬Ƕô޲ɼֻһˣֻ׷һˣֻݵˣ֮硣
ǰ󣬷羰ǰãȴԸ
ʦҲõģҿǴӦʦҪΪӰġ˵
ԶʱԳԵЦˣЦһôͲʦأҪҺʦ㣬ǿɲҪҶӰ𣿰
һԵȱʱˣðԸʲô𣿸ǲԶὣ㻹ʲôģ
յͷʾͬǣʦ㣬ԵĻãʦҳͷؾ帣
ð޵ãǲԺǵˡ
մĵͷеν㡣
áǻϲе
ȫŮӸȱ
תͷȱ۽ǣĺһθ硣

ҵ࣡ˣЦݸˣ
ȱĿڵز𣬡á
ϢһԵǿ⸱ģʱ
Ц۾θ磬ҲģһôνǸɡ
˴˱˴ˣһɱޱӣθۡȱؾ
θԼɡЦ˵
˻ЦĲã˭Ҳò
һԻ¡
ǿ档
ίʦӰΣ˶ֵˡͬʦһˣȱã̫ǰӵĶѧ̫ˡ룬ʼЩˣЩ˵ʦ˵Ƿ
һ鲢Ϊ˺Щپһ飬ٽԼմȾһȳŢΪӭ޴ʧܵĹȥĿʵ
ǰ󣬷޺á
µϽ¶ЦݣһĵЦݣ֮ͬգƼ֮
ƺڰػ
һ˲䣬ͷɢȥƿõΪϯ
ǣ
Ц˵ס죬תͷȥˣ
ʦõԲǶЦģû뵽ڸա
ЦЦδ˵ֻǵ
ʦùϵá˵
˼ǽֻͽܣһǺ⽣ҶһˣʦÿҲĽޡҲ֪մѰʦã潿ǱнһģղһˣҲܹչ
Ǹչ˵ˣ㵹û뵽ġ
ⳡÿȥҲ죬ǰ󲻹ʱ´ӶΪͻԲ
ѹ֮һ飬Ƕ֣ص˸ͷ֣ض˵лʦ㣬ʦ֮Իرʦõҵĵطܿڣ
ն˶٣Ȼ˵ţպҪһῪڵġ
ԶʱЦˣЦļΪģӦţ
ʦã
ԶһԽϻδɢȥЦݶʱס


11 
վڻԵղɫı仯̧ͷ˳Ŀ⿴ȥǰһλɫ𽣵Ӣͦ޴󲽳
ʦģղͷԻ˵΢΢ﴽ¶һϷЦݣвж
˲ˣǻµĴʦ֣Ʒ
ЦһвжҲֻ֪֪˶Ƿģ
ǰϸŲҪˣ׷
˵öԡյͷͬ˵ŽŮ֤㣬˶Ƿģ
󲽸ϵǰһ˫ĿСʦã
ޱûһ˿ӦӱĿⲻĶǰԶԳǰ޶á
˷Ӧɫѿ˼֣̫ˣôһԼܳأھһͨѵ⡣
µɫ˲ˡ
վһԵԼӲˣ˵ʦ֣⻰ˡ
ʦǸֽŽȫĳˣжɣȥȥ˻㱨˭ͬ⡣źǿơ
תͷͺڲŷôһһ㣬ϵɫ˼֣ʦãʦ鷳ˣ鷳ˡ
⻰յüĿ΢塣
ʦԣ̣ܽʱʦʦĸġ˴ͻȻɽʵ˵ģ˵
ҲûбˣĿ·ڿĳϡ
һԵĻ¶俪ڵһֱ˭Źҵ飿
ǲΪΰ󣬺˽ΪҸܶࣿǲǾãǷģ¡
Ŀ쿴ʦãôô˵
ǡ³ЦһҪǾǷģô˲һǴÿʲô飬Ͳ׵ĽһƵϣԶң
ҵǰǱֵôңչңôЩġչˣ費Ҫ³˵Ҹ㣬ҲҪҲҪˣ

һ㶵ı鿴û뵽˵һʱ֡ϱĿ¶Թ֮Ļ£ſ˵Щʲôȴֻ˵һ䣬ʦãԡ
һԵաǡȱ
ɵ
ֱӱ仰Цˣתͷ˵Ǹʦ㣬Щ뿪¡
ȥɡ˵Ȼȡһݸ˵ҲҪ
¿һеˮɫмһЦлʦ㡣
ֽӹȻת뿪
ˣҲæȥ
ĻͲ׷ȥտľٶĳѵʱһ˾

ĽŲס
׷ȥתգӢͦ¶֮ɫüͷΪһ㣬ʦôˣ
Ϊ󲻽ʵ
ա
һԵתͷСĶȱ˵磬Ժǧûӵġ
ȱ˵һôɵ𣿡

Ҷ䲻
Ļ̾һ˵ʦ֪ȷӦ
ⲻҪңԼˣʦ²ա
ɫãȻˣô֪Ϊ
˵˱ҡա
һͬΪ˵ȱŹذѵˣ˵صѣӵֻǳ費ģ㻹ҪѧĻ
ĻҶˡʶķ
ȱ
ûˣ˰ɡ
ָȡÿһ仰ǡֻġȱˣ˵˹Ҳס
˰˾Ǵ壬һֻԼ˸ܣʦһֱʦദˡ
ĻԼ͵
˼֪㲻ף㲻˵ˡȱһ۵ı鿴̸
üͷ˶٣Ȼһǲʦãλ뿪һ
˵վתȥ
ȱԶӰջûס
˸磬ȰҲ̫ˡ˵
һԵЦЦ¶һѩıݣνһˡ
תͷ˵Ҫ򣿡
ʦּȻƱػȥʦӰҵĶ֡Цģ˵һҵĶ֣顣
ҲЦˣͬһ¡
û˵մ򲻹ô죬ʱ˵Щδ̫ʶȤˡ
֮
ºһǰһĻˣ۽΢ɫ԰ûʲôѪɫŷ·޹һ㣬µĽͲԶĸ󣬾ͷ·ػһ㡣
ʦ㣬Ǹ鷳ˡ¶˵
أõǸҲ㡣˵
ԣЦˣ˵ʦ㣬á
ǾͱѹˡտҲЦĵ㡣

Ҫμҵ۽ᣬñ˵
ıȱʵ
ǰɡճǰһѾųɶӵĵط˵
Ȼһ˳ǱŶӵĺϱ߸ߴïʢȥһ߽Ҫμ۽ĶҪһƷʯŶӽʯ߶ܽ
տǰųжӵȺ飬ĿȻԵȱ˵Ƿֿš
áȱҲûΪʲôֱӦ
ʦ㡣³˳յӣ㡣
տ̯һ鵭ɫƷʯЦ˵ѵһȱһʯ𣿡
Ȼǡҡҡͷ˵ҲʦƷѡ
ռһֵɫҲپܾˡ
վǵľٶӢͦޱ飬֪ʲô
ȱյĻȥһŶӣȴ·ǹһվһӡ
ȿֵǵʱ
ʦá֪ʲôʱվ
ʦкָ̣תͷʵ
ϣʦܹӰ
ɣա
֪Ϊʦõİвųʵ˵Ҳû뵽ʦǸ˻㡣˵һۣû뵽ʦ˺˵һˡ
ԣЦˣˣҺ˵ǻʦ㹻󷽣޷ܾıꡣ
һ˵һֱԣΪ
ɫ˵ִˣⲻҲΪʸ
ƷĶŮȻʸʲôʲôġա
ʧˡ
գϣΪ㲻ҵĶ֣ʦֻҪӰԣһȡ
ִˡƽһʵʦϣȡӰ

ð֮
㲻ҵĶ֡˵
ЦǲǶ֣⿿˵Ĳһ֪ˣ

ĿҲ顣
衣ա

ʯ߰һӽʯı볡Ҹ˸˵
֮
ֻ򸮵Ŀտ䳡ϣøӵĿռص󷨣䳡ǧ򱶣ȻһΪ޴ĽǶ
ӽǮÿһһǶ˶ۼڳڡ
۽Ĺܼ򵥣һΪ졣һ죬̨վŵ˽վҸ˵
ȺʱһȻ
ôҰײе𣡡˶ưĹ𾪵ˡ
˵Ұײе˵Ǽ򵥴ֱ²۵
Ҳû취飬ôˣҪһȥǵñȵʲôʱȥ졣µ˵


̨䳡ѾΪѪȡҰײеĽǶ
վ·ŮǺĿһģҶսա̼
ʱƣǲ˻˵˵ĿⶼһǶǶ۵Ǹ˳ϣֻһһֱӴİȻƵöԷ䣬Ͳһ˷ˣһвһɴˮصǡ⻹ǸŮޣ
ǸΪòŮޣ


12 
̨¡
ȻŮԼȥӰȺ˵ȥǿ
ҾþŮԼ̨ᣬҲʲôûӵ飡Ů̾˵
ǰǰ˷׷׸͵֮ǰǧټҴӰǽӣ
ΧŮԸͬܵĵͷǣҲҪӵģ˶пǿʦ/ʦ/ǵ̨ս޽һ˵彣ҪûУˣ
Ӳ䣡Բ̨޶
еŮ޺ճһһǽ̨ȫˣɴǳֻ֣һˡ
յ̨ϣֻʣˣգǰ˸ֽţεһɱ֮
Ӯ𣿡Ů̲סС޿ȥǿΪߣ
ҪӮѣΪ̫ˣ޽𵤺ΪŽ𵤳ڣ¡һŮǺܿõ˵
Ҳô˵̨ϱȥĲΪҲߣŮ޷Ϊ˵һУ˭֪Ϊǲྵҩעˮģǿʵĺܣ
޿ȥһ㶼鰡վڣҲ˵ʵɣſɲЩΪ鸡ļһǵŮʵ˵
ɿɿһܴأҲеģΪȴһ㶼ƶǵķˡ
۾ƣλǲܴ𣿣ǿһλޣ޲ܴ򣬻˭ܴ򣿡Ů̲ס˵
Զԡ
ͬվȺеЩԻ̲סЦһȻתͷԵĻҧ˵㿴ʦܻӭ
Ҳ˵ʦȻ˻ϲġ
رǺĳ˱
ջû뵽Ƕ˵ĶԾᱻڳеŮ޺е޸עˣǶڲ˭Ӯ
󲿷ֵŮϣӮǵĹǵĽǶǷȻӮΪͬΪޣΪԶա
ʦ֣˵˭Ӯ̨£Ů޳˳ԷŴ̨޵ӣСʵ
Ǹеġʦֺԥش
ŮްŮ޶ʱ˵
ңǴʵǸŮ޵ȷܴҲܴǽޡ˵޿Խ׶սֲΪĲ࣬ĶҲǽޣƲڡʦָ
䶨ˣŮźϧ˵
վʦòԶĻǶ˵ĶԻ˴ǣˡ
ʦ㣬֪ǿʲô˵
ԣֲǽޣ֪ʲô
ǶԽ򣬶Եƿء˵ֻҪԽƿʤڶ֣ôΪԵòҪˡ
ʦɽǧ츳ǿµţη˵ǿɱ˽𵤴Բʿ
Ȼ²Ϊ֪Ÿס˲͸¶Ǹ֪Ķ֪ˡ»֪飬ΪǰȥƷ̽˵ʱʣΪֻһͽ壬ǽɻգ
ʱرп˵Ϊǧѵһ˲һĽţʦŻᶯ˵ʦɽĸ𲻶ģҲǺ˵ãˣ

¿Լϵһ·ʧһڵʹȻ飬ûסüһ¡
Ҹ˵Ʒ
Ȼ¾ͱϵƪ۵Ŀնôɫ츳Զôǿ󡢶ôɵٶ֣ǿǿһ֣󣬻µı鶼ľȻˡ
ʱɱһ𵤴ԲʿʵƷ
ʱˣô£
ʻƷŷӦԼʧˣ˵ʵʡ
һ£֮ʦˣֻɽòɵ
뵽²˹¶Цݣһȵ
̨ϵĿûһ˿顣
˿̨ϣֽվǰ̨ϵĽ˶˺ͳȴδҲ̨Щ׷ҳ·һۣ¿ı飬ҲϣӮðɡ
ϣģǲԸ
Ҳ֪Լôˣǰġ
ʦáɫӰԼǿԼȥ뻨£ǰգ˵㲻ҵĶ֣ɣ
ԶʱЦˣʦʩ𣿡
ҲǸ˼
ҿǣʦʤߵ̬߸ϵʩң·˵ǾͲ̫ѿ溬Цݵ˵ǻȴû˿Ц⣬Ǳģʦ֣̫Դˣ
֪Ҳ㡣ա
Ҳ˲ɫȻʦòȰǾݹ飬ˣ
ΪߣУʦȳְɣ˵
Уһбԣ˵̧һ˫Ȼʦ֣ɸҽһ
䣬̧еĽˡһȻγ˽
һֱֱȥ
ǰɫش󺧡
һ


13 
մ̳һ򵥵һʲôСȴиܵ˼µɱ⣬ɱ⡭
ǹɿµɱѹס޷ӶǺεȿµĽ⣡
һͨһ
⿴ȥ򵥵һȴ˴ǿɱ⡣
һǣ
޴ӷӦֻǰһ׺âէʱһ⡣
š
ֱ
Ұˡ
԰ɫûһ˿Ѫɫ˷·˲䱻һ㣬ľȻվŵĽȥ
ǰպȻվӴ˿̼䣬Ƽ֮ĺѩºÿü絶ˣ޷ֱգڿֻ¶һصذϸ󣬷ָ֬иһֻΪÿ֣Ǵ˿ȴֻͣÿĶȴִһɭ׵ĳ
⽣ֱָüģ
ӺâĽı̹ɱ⣬վǰ󣬲䣬Ѫɫͷ߳ϸܵ亹
ֻҪĽǰһ磬ֱᱻơ
ǿµһͬһʱܹɢڿеµĽ⡭
ˣʦáȴ䲻ˣ˾ˡ
Ŀ䲻˿ĿһۣȻջ˽ʦֳˡͬ
ջ˽Ƭ̧̧ۣ֮ʱеı罣âɭ֮ɢ಻ǰˣͬѩڰ㣬̨µʿܵ˴ůصĻ¡
ڳ˰ڶһþˣ˵¹ͬ뷨
°һ˷ٺҺ;ηһʲôܹһ𣿡
ǽ⣡µĲһһϵĽ⣬ѵǡɱ֮𣡣˵ǿԵɱ֮⣿ʶ˾
ʲôɱ֮⣬ѵСȻߵɱ֤ɣŮ޾ҲҲ̫˧˰ɣ
̨µԶʱǣ˧ʲôϵѵӦǿɱ֤ĴаȻŮ޿Ϊߣ׾ɱȽȽδ֮ǡ
ⶼԽ𵤳ڵ𵤺ˣǲǲ
СôǿôҪʲôޣ񲻺ãҾãҷ·ˡŮŹ⿴̨ϵգ˵
վԵʦ֡
·Լͷе̡
һ뷨ˣ
ȺУĿĶ̨ϵգʦ˧ǿһͺˡ
ҲǿֻҪڼӿ̿ļᶨΪҲʦ
һ̣µﱻһӣһӻѿھ¶ͷ籩֮󣬳ɳΪһ׳ǿĲ
Ҳͬģһ̱³׵ĸˡ

յ۽㵽˽ˡ
Ƕѡߣձ֮ս
պһǰһ̨ʦ㣡ȺĻ¿Цݽе
ʦáճȥͷӦ
ȴֻ̧ͷһǰЦݿĵĻ£ȻһԲתˡ
ͬҲûп˿۶գʦ㣬ҽˡ
ˣϵЦݲõͬգһֱ飡ҲһһΡһξȥɣ
ԶʱĬ˸ʦߺá
ǰ
ۣãҺòӮˣô⸱飿һ㶼Ϊеҫ𣡡ȱʤ̣ΪջԼСóݵͿޣȴʣʱŵؿһ˵ı顣
ɣˮʦɱˣһоʹǸǽ̣˧ˣ
ȱ
ˣˣó˱˼ҵˡ

һУȱɵ
մ⵹ҲܷܽΧڣⲢ޿ܣһУܵǸʶ
׼ȷһ˵˵У˵ضԸһˡ
Ȼһͽˡݡ
ȱ
˵ˣʶպ
ð֮ȱǲǿЦʱģٵģôģ


14 
ôģ
ջڣȱĵ׷ᣬյһǿöԸ
ڻس̵·ϣĵ磬Ҫһ𣿡
ȱʱǲɵ˵Ŀ⿴ҪܣӾңǴʦˡ
ǴʦҲûһ󡣡ȱ˵
Դʧɫ˵ʦñȴʦֻ
е˰
ܰɡȱ
ȻǾͺȱϵɫһӡ
ﴧ£»س̵·һ·Ĭһص˿ջȱ̲סˣʼնһеɻǰŰɡ
̧ͷ˵ʱ˺Ͷѡ
ʦд⣬ǿңԶҲ޶˵գЦһսпǴɰǿ﷭СɲΪ𣿡
ȱ̲ס²ⷬ
⻰˵ĺоƵģ
һܹʹǿһ̺Ϊֹɱȫһʦֶ޷ӡʦ֣СϢͨĿռ˵Ҫһһֻ֣ܽƫ棬Ϊǿ
˵գЦˣ⻹ʦ֣ʦֿǺˣҳĻᡣ
ȱǡ¡
ǱԼ˾̴ֽԼʺĽݵϡ
ð֮ȱ˵ܵĲ
˵˾˭ʤ˭˵˭ߣ˭뵽վȻƿɱ֮⣬ɱԪӤʿҪԴвпܷ޷Ȼȳ֣һˡ
˭뵽㾹ȻɱأȱпһܳԸѵҲãֻˣ˵ͻж
͵ѧѰɣȱǺܿÿؿ
һԵĻ¡
⻰ʱ鸴ӣպʦֻΪУʦᡢڼħϣȻԹǺޣȴûҪҲûԺ˪ºɷĺԶ˶
βãҲʦ֣չʦ֣ˣȴɽʦ֣ϣãҲã԰Ƿ
뷨ر𡣡Կȱһۣ˵
ԺҲǴǰ;ģܶΪ޵ҪǸԣǶԣԲŶԡӢһϣ޵̫ˣǿԳҪԸͷеˣеһ겻
֪հǺΪʦǰʮ궼ڴĥģ޵ġ
޲Ϊؽ⽣Ľ
ֻ֪һ㣬ȴ֪һ㣬˱ɱɱأ뽣Ϊ飬вر׹ɱ޷ͷÿһ޶ѹΪĥġ
ʦȻɱҿû뵽ȱЦǺǵ㿴ſɲɱ֮ˡ
赭д㲻֪ˣ֪֪治֪ġ
ԼǺŵģʦ㲢ɱ֮ˣܿ϶ġȱƶ˵
ա
ð֮ղ˵ȷɱ⡣
֮ʱһ⣬һ𵤴Բħܣңɱ赭дУɱħ޲һնɱ



ȱǺͻԶʱȻȻ㣡
Ȼ˵赭дҲܴգյʱȴ𵤴Բ벽ԪӤħѰŮֻҪƵĻ侲ѶԵ֮ߣִɱ桢ǿǿη
ܵĲԩȱٴ˵仰
κϴȻͬϴյľơı²ԩǾǿ澳ˣܸԩ
Զ㡣ȱ̾
ϴ󲿷Զ
ԵĻҲһ֮ɫ˵Ӹ׿е֪նɱһ𵤴Բħޣȴ֪龹ȻˣѹҪŲ⴫һòŮޱԶǿħסֻᴫõԣŮ˵ǲǺ¡
տЩ˵ɫδ˵ʲôԶû赭дļǰ򵥣鸴ǣ࣬Ǻ˴ŭɽҲϴ˲ˣŲԭ


15 
һҹ
գҸۡ
λǩս˳򡣡ЦĶաȱԼһλ۽ʤ˵
˵Ҳɺϣ۽ʤһλڿջǸ׷µޡ
նӡ̣࿴ۣ˪鵭ĮҲǰӰĪҲиİʦ/ã
Ҳǳÿħ¸̵ҪҪøη绢ɣ
ΪյĿ̫ԣԭޱ鿴Զǰİ׷תͷһ˫˺˪ıһۡ
ն¶һЦݡ
ɽͬյŵĽ츳ͬĻЦݣĳ֮ˣЦյգĿʣ˿ɵ
׷µ޿һϵЦݣȻƿĿ⡣
λɡ˵
ȻաȱͰ׷µ޽ǰȥǩǳӵķˡ
ǩͲĳһһǩīд˸һǵһλ
ȱ˶ʱһȻһԼǩ
ôǡ
תͷվİ׷µޣЦָˡ
ĿĮĿһۣȻתͷšͳҵĴӦһ
ԣﴽҲǿȥôĲ飬ǻ˵
һǰһ̨
̨¡
Ҳ̫ûˣʱӦϵ𣡡Ǳֵͬȱ˵
ȱһ޹ҲϾϵİ˭ʦõôһͳ˵һأ
ûãǵһ鲻˵㻹ʲôã
ȱ
ǣ͹˰ɣҲҿб´ֵʱʬ
ԱߵͬΧ۵ʿҲ˽ǰ׷Ŀ濡ÿ׷³ȾɣŮ޵̨ϵİ׷۾ˡ
ôÿʲôã˵˻Ҫ˵ʲôޡ
ʦûûվԵŮ޳ʵ˵
ޡ
ˡ
ߣЩǳŮˣźÿ·߲ˣȫޡǰ׷ֻÿǰ򵥣ʵ಻СΧԵǿǾıŮм˵
ԣ˲Ե
Ȼ޴ڣͨΧԵǸ׷ԵǾı
ʲô𣿡
ɴˣ˵Ǹ׷ޱǵϵ޵ǼΪԵıϵϢй߱ΧƵΪ˱Ǳϵĸ֣
ΧʱһϵͺǿһԵйıϵúεȰԵǿıϵܽӲΪı
ѹһͷ׷૵ԭԵʡ
Ǹ˺ǿȱĿⶢ̨ϵպͰ׷ʿˣɫ˵
磬Ҫǰ׷޶˭Ӯʵ
֪ȱ
Ƕǰ׷޵ǿ˴µ˽⡣
վԵĻһԲĶ̨ϿĿע׷յӰ
룬ʦһģӦġ
ھ뻨²ԶһϮµɫվĿⶢ̨
̨ϡ
գδ̸աձ
³׷ʿĿֱֱضǰգҲȳ
һȻЦ̬󷽣Ǳȳаɡ
վǰսİ³δܾ΢΢ȻγĽ
һʣʱһɺ籩ϯ˪׵ĺ˲ڡ
áá䣡
̨µ˶ʱɫףݴ䰡æתֿͻĺ
̨ϣֱ³ȴɫ䣬Ц֮С
һҹջֻй¶һڵ㶳鲻Խķ
ƵĲ̫õӡ˵
³ĻɫԽˣеĽǰ̤һĲ̤ۼķµĵһ㵭ı˪
УһХ
³ֳĳչȥκܿ첽죬û
дıѩкȥ


16 
˵յĽɱǰ³ĽǱ˵³˱ǱӦмΪıھ˱ıصĸδȫƿı
뵽ձ㲻Цһ³оͷ·ǸƶıӦܻӭɡһӯĶŰ³Ľһ߷š
ս׷İ³ϵɫ䣬µĽҲˣڽһ㵭İ˪ԭڵĽȾףεο˪׵Ļ
Ϊβ³ʵ
ջرܶŰ³Ľǲתǻ鶯翷·һӯĶдڿƮ裬͵֦֫һ㣬ҡҷŮڿз裬ˡ
˵սһĽɱ˿̱ȱŮرһ˺ˣһЦȻȱ
ΪûбҪЦ˵
³ԣüĿ䣬·ݽ죬ϵıţһΪÿ
Ƕرš
̨µʿ״Ҳˣ˶һ±ƣ۷ֱĶ̨϶սĶˡ
һǸ𣡣ⲻǼٵİɣ˭ݼðİɣ
ȳˣգ
˭ܸô£ڿսôе㡭Ƿǡ
㻹˵ֺÿģеĿŮеŮɣȻ裬˪ѩࡣ


ʿ۷׷ףֹϣԼ·ߴƬˡ
Ҿ֪ʲô顣˵
ȻȫĬĬĬظ˸

Ŀ⿴ǰ̨ϣŶպͰ³ˣɫ˼
磬ʦʲôͬǿһͷˮǳȱ
ȱĿⶢ̨ϣĿת˵ȷʲôðʦÿ漬ְѹô󰡡
ķɣֹ
Ļ˰۵ѹ𣿡
ǲΪ𣿡ȱԿЦһʦôײأΪաµĲɱսʶ͹˵ıԡһֻɱɱʿһսʿȻǺ߸¡
һɱ䲻⹥䲻֮ҹȥջ֮ȱһһӦ֮ߡպͰ³ĶսȱʶҹһʱӦ֮ˡ
ΪҲʹɱԸ³һ㣬ǸݶֶսԵˡ
һԳԹˣǿӺʹĶ֣µĶ֣
ȱ̾һµţһӢǰʮ
ʦֽ󡣡վĻ³ʵͬմ˾ٵ⡣
ȱδش𣬶ǵһܼˣˡ
ǽ̸֮ʣ̨ϵ˱仯
ûоøˣ
У
쿴³Ľ£
ֻ̨ϰ³ĽһƬĺǵĿ̨һɨʱһ֪ʱ̨˺һƬѩףͷ··˼֮һ㡣
ôˣ˾֪Ӻʱ̨˱ߣ˶ѹҾԽԽ䣬ҹͷһΪǴ
ǿ쿴³Ľ
Ľôˣ
ۣ
ž³ϵĽȥʿʱ㤣ֻ³еĽǻǽٲȻǡֻԭڵĳ˿̶ѩ׺ıǱĽ㡣
³ɫľͬϵĺһ㣬ÿüĿüԼӬˡ
ĵǰһЦĿ
ˡȻģǰ³
ǵģˡЦ˵

³̧ͷĿⶢȻջ˽ɴת
̨ˡ
ô£ʿԵôˣ³ôˣ
©ʲô𣿡
쿴ǿ쿴³Ľ˾
æŰ³еĽȥֻ³еȻΪĳڿѣѩ׹⻬ıѿһƣȻѸٵɢ֩һ㣬Ȼˣ
ˡ
һĬ
³Ľˣ
ѹˣ
£££
һʼô𣿡


³֪ʦõɱϣŻ˵ʦȳʦгɱĻᣬԴһʼͷʦõĽУ缲겻ʦܹʹɱĻᡣ
սپ
ʦýƾͼƣԷ˽ϳսߣΪȱЦΪ˰³һʼͿˣ³޷ıڵı̫Եˣսͨı޷ڰԵı
ֻҪϵ³ܱãʲôԼϡȱ˵Ȼ̾ʦ̰
ȥ򵥣ǰס
һޣҪſŲһζķأⱾҪͿơսöǵıܣջǸɱɱıκν޶أȴ̲
αǣ³ܵʲôʱŻܣǸܹؼ⣬ýսϵΪֹ֮ǰȱ³Ǳˡ³³ֺ֪ҲսپֻûٶȽվͱˡ
³ëԣë˺ܹܶ࣬ȴ١
ʦǸսˡȱܽʤ
˵һս˿屩ҵĽ³һս֤ڽ֮ǿ


17 
³֮δ뿪תȥ̨£ۿպȱһս
վ̨£Χ˽̲ס˼ɫ촽÷ףݴ䣡ֻ˿䳹裬̨ͬսյôܵסġѹĽᱻѣ̨ữΪѩأҲ̫Եˡ
̨
ȱս֮˶š
ʦ֡նʾе
ʦáȱЦһҿɲȳһҲһɱҿǺá
̨顣
һmmp뽲
ԣüȻˬ˵ҳŵʹɱ
ŵˮ
˶뵽ʲôȲʹɱ
ȱԣԥԥ˰죬ɵȳУ㱣֤˲ɱŶ
˵˲ͲЦȻ˽˸ȱȥҾҵǻǺܿŵġ
ˣȱҲˣһȻ˲һ
ȱһӭһ̾˿
̨µǣ硣
ճܿ죬ĽʲôУһֱֱΪ򵥵Ĵ̡ᡢ
򵥵ĽУȴǿԵɱǿĽעĽɱһǰɱǧС
ﬡ
ѡ

ǱײХ
˼䡣
ͬյļҿٽͬȱԵЩţ𽥵ĴһʼĶսΪ˷
ôձƽĵЦӭ買⣬ʦֶ𣿻Ŷ
ĳ̶Ȳ԰ҡ
˵գһֱֱ̳ŽĽΪĻ棬˲ǣΪɸ泯ǰȱȥĽشȥ
ﬡ
һȱὣǰմһصײǿȱڷ飬ֻǧһȱǶ
Ŀ⻳ɵĿǰϸգ㻹Ů𣿡
ʦƫյֻ𣿡
ڹʮɽ˰
ȱصĶһȻͬʱػӭʹ绢ڿĽһХ绯Ϊͻȥ
ﬣﬣ
ײһ롣
ٴβһ
սͣһαһμҡ


̨µʿĿϾӣĿתĿŶӰ
ĺüңܾȱʲô
̫ƽƽˡ


һ⧲;㵣ս³ʱķŮյǶ̨ľĶǣպȱһս伤Ҳʵڳ֮ڣǰйоصһսҪԵѷɫˣϾ׷⡢պʹ̼ġ
ΪôһȤ˰վȺе²۵ʧ˻ǱǸ
ȱСǸҲƲϳˣͬʦֵһһᵤΪƽȲҲƵȴźԶ
սķҲһƽȣвУǸԼء˹ȻȫʧȻԶðշһðգԶ֪ǰʲô羰ڵԼһ޷ջ֮ϲ
ϻ˵һĦУĦбСء
ȱһڰȫﲻȥˣվڰȫⲻϵ̽ȻѰһеˣ
ʱˣ
һȱսһյѰʱץס˻ᣬһȱȥ·ȥֱӲķȻֱӼһɽսߡ
һҲϵĽȱ⧲һʱ޷֣ѪӿѪ
յĽһĿ׽⣬ֱϹ̨ȱۡ
һ˲䣬ȱʲôҲҲˡ
Ӿ⣬˫ҲסҲͷǸ˴̨ϣǰֻ°İããһƬ
ʱۡ
ӮˣӮˣ
˧Ҳ̫˧˰ɣ
۾һָǰЦգˣʦ֡
ȱЦһʦãӮˡ
ʵ޶⣬ʤʤ˰³֮Ӯûʲô⣬Ȼ
Ŀ·Ҫ˿һ㣬ʦãӮأ
̨¡
磡


18 
ȱյĻЦһδ
ɫգ˵޴ǹڽѶϡ
մȱȫ©ȱһصˣ㵼ʵ޷ȫʹ˵ʮֵʵֻʹ߷֡ȱɵյɱʼնڷʹһɱй˼ɣأӮ˲Ź֡
ʦúˡȱ̧һ»ʦýһֱδʹɱǷ⣿
ǡճϵ
Ȼˡȱ
һĿ˵ս
ǹⲻʹɱȱ֪ʲôʱͻȻʹɱӶһֱ˼ɷл
ȱӣʦɲ
ϲ㡣ЦŹյԸԳ
лʦ֡ա
ǫ̇̄
磬㷭ˡһʹı鿴ô۲ۡ
ȱͷ죬ˣҲ磬ֻǸͷ
ǡ
̨ϣֻһվϷӮ
һϮ̨ϣ췢ٶ룬üѩ㴽òŮ׹˼䡣
˫Ӱǰɫκ·ƮϾ죬ǰϵŮĳ۵ɫ԰֮ʱ۽ⲻƳŮִŵı䳤˲ѣص˼䡣
սȺӢ¶ףӰˡصһ˵Ľعԡ
Ǿ仰˵ģǶնĿ֮ˣ°̾˭뵽նӰľȻһŮޣǾŮޡ
һ˵òŮޡ
ϢԾ޽ݡ
뵽ﲻֿǣҪһʼƻĸá
磬罣ˣҲһ׮ѻ̨µŮǼ״׷׵˼ǿӰϸˡ
ֶõĽ˭һ䲻
Ļķڷ


ȺǧҸۡŮǣ֮ǰ࿴˳ۣԽϾһķڷգӰ飬ּɡ
ǰʦ/ֳ/Ե״ˣǰ˵֮ûӰ˭Ҳõ𣿡
ǲһ˿˵õӰȻǲģԼӰ߾֮ǿӵУǿӰ·ΪڣʸӵŮ˵
ŮǻشҲˡ
Բҵ˱ĸǿȴܲǿ
ŮޣŮ޶ġǿԣҲһֻ˸־
Ůˡգ˵
̨
մнӹӰ̧ͷĿ⳯·ȺһۣȻת̨ȥ
֮ȺԾ˿óһ
ӰֱȺеĻȥǰ΢ﴽǣʦãУˡ
˵գӰ˻ϡ
˫һӹӰһ˲ۿֻۿʪȣʦ㡪ɳǿԼĿ޳лллл㣡
Һܸˡɿתͷ۽ǣΪҶ
տˣҼȳŵһ
л㲻ˡ˵
˼֮ĽףǮ
Ǹлʦ㡣˵
ҵԶԶֻһӰǰ򵥡
ԶһĻӢͦɫޱ飬Ŀڳ
Ȼ͸ʦãҲҲ̫˼˰ɣʲôʦ㣬ɶˡŮǿһĻʱĽˣ޺޵̫˼ˣ˼ҵʦ㣬ٿԼҵʦ֣
ʦǡ
ͷ̣ǰҲˣѪȾġ

ͬԼȱö˻ȥ˿ջ
ɱǱǿˣǶվһ޵
Ҳʹ˵ıԶѣҪʹȫ˭˭Ӯ˵ǫ˵
ԶʱԲֳ˸ۣҲҪʹ
Եȱ
ˣǽʲô㣿ʵ
շš˵˴ɽæȻ˱㵱ȥ
һźǿϧˣһͬ漸գ᲻á
Ժлġ˵
һţԸǷֿȥ˷䡣
磬ôˣŶ˵ĪǱˣǵ٩
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磬˵ʲôϵЦҲȥ
ȥţ׷ǰȥȱ¶˵
ˣĿⶢʵ
šȱ
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ճ֮һֵ飬Ǵܸоŵ˿Ŀ죬̬Ҳ֣
֮ڣ·ʦֵܡʦǶȻ¶ЦݣĿοֵ⻹ɡԼʱĵܣߵŵԶǰƣ⼸˶Ҫϸ¼ܺˣ
ô£ͥԺڵͤڣ૵
ʦá
һԽ
̧ͷȥȻϲʦ֣
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ʦվ黶ϲ˵
ţҶ߽ͤڣȻǰ¡
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ʦڷʲôҶĿ⿴ʵſһ֮ɫ
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˵ģ̇ͷĿ⿴
ţ˵ġҶ֤
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Ц
Ȼձ㽫ɻͿո˴ҶǲʲôҲ֪飿ǲôֿҡ
Ҷ󣬡͡һЦˡ
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˵ƭ˵ĹҾͲŵģ
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ڶ嶼ûô׵ģ
ҶҪæתƻ˵ʦ㲻֪
֪ʲôһĪ
ҶĿζȻ޽˰񣬵һ˻ˡ
˭ˣղ˵ʦ㻹ע˰񰡡
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ʦҲǸأп˵
Ҷ
ûˣҵɵʦð
Ҷò֪µĵһǺˣ
˭ղǺܹĵʵ
ҶĿĿһۣȻ³֣ա
ա


19 
ð֮ղſǰĴҶɣʦ㷽ڽң
ҶĿƳһۣɴصǡ

նʱһˣ
ҶɫȻĿһ޿ѡ飬ƽ˵ⲻǺܺã
ˣա
ҵʦﶼáҶʼƽȥһˣ˼ʶĺãǵǲϹ
ա
Ȼһ֪Ҷ˾ܺ񣬵ȻǺ⣬ǡ˰ɣ
ҾϹĲǵ۾һϿҵı鿴˵äķģ
ҶƳһۣʦñ֣ԡ
·ڿһȡֵĺӣǽߺӵĴҳ
֪һϲ˵ãԼҲУûȥ̾ôɽһ˸¶Ӱͳ޽һˣһô
֪Լĺÿǻݸǧ޽粻ȱˣ˰ҲӣǲòҲΪ츳Щ򵥵˵˰ϵÿһϰˣΪÿһ˸˭ġ
Īս˰һûè壬־͵дӴ֮գ
棬ֺֻģ
Ҷɻ󣬿һ۵ڱƲ
˭ʵ
ҡҶ
ңΪֵʲôô
޷ѡҶҴ۽ᣬŪͷΪͼ
붮ļңڴ˴۽֮ǰûҵţ޽ʿǴ඼һ֪ҡǴ˴۽֮룬ǸһεĵһˡԺ󵫷޽һ˵Ĵ˵ԴҺ۽š
򵥵˵ǣǣȻԼҺ޽һǡһ𣬲ǵĹ⻷ȵ㣡
·úﰡ̾Һܶİ
һʼû㡣ҶһۣĴһɾ´˵
˭֪ĳ˺ճǵĴ㣬Ա㽫ƾͼˡҶ˵
ա
ҿ
ʦôֹǣƱԹ˵
ΪҪֹҶʵоģʵµһ
㵱ӢҺʦҲûֹҶ˵
ա
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ռ⸱ʲô̵ӣٸͷۣӢ˰һ
գֻ˵Ҳ˾ֻܿ
ֻܿϲ˰񡣡ҶһĶ˵˵ʵܹ˰һɲΪҸƣһûôʵӲԼʦű
ա
׷ˡ
ʦ֣Ȼ㶼֪ȡЦңչŭ
Ҷͬĸ͵ûȡЦ㣬˰һҺܸˣǵһ

Ŀ⿴ʲôû˵ð֮󣬲Ӳתƻʦ㲻˵أ
תƻļʵڳƲϸҶܳһףȡһ͵ǰ˵򿪿
ҲԼʦֲˣֱӽӹ򿪣һźɫαʯ״ʱˣƷĻ龧ʦŪģ
ؾġҶ赭д˵֪˵ǰ򵥣Ʒ龧ϡķѴʱ侫һѰ
ΨƷ龧һɷİƷ龧δҶ͵İƷ龧
ϧǷ龧Ҷź˵龧龧ʺյĽ
ԣձ㽫ɷһŰƷ龧˴Ҷյ˵޹»Ʒ龧󣬴ʦֹʱҲ֪λǺá
Ҷüͷ˼ֵ齻ʦ졣
棬ʱĿ⾪ĿһۣҪ˵ҶĻ˵Լʦõͷˣ飬ʦ㲻Ҫˣһȥ
ա
˵ϣҲ˵ʲôǾͷʦˡ
ҶĿ⿴һۣδǴȡһһݵǰ޳ָǷһϸľһӣ쳣ĺÿ
ǡտеһӣ̧Ŀʵ
ġҶ˵Ȼ󲹵
һ£Ȼ˵Ų𣿡
ǲǡҶ˵Ŀ⿴棬ǡ
ϲ𣿡


20 
ճһ£Ȼ˵ϲϲġ
ԣҶЦһ˵ʦ췢ɺã
á
õӦʣҶ㿿գһ̧ķȥ
̫ˣܹŵϴĵĵ㡣ֹڽľ룬ԸвʣʶҪľ롣
ʦã𶯡Ҷ˵ǲ˿ɲá

˵ֻð಻
ǰĴҶһϱȻƺѰֵĵطȴΪڵĽӶٳ޷ϡ
ʦ֣㣡ղɵشߴٵδĸ˿ôѾͻİȫˣʵڲ֪ԼͶãһ̲סνˡ
ʦ֣Ҳģ
Ҷ֪쵽Ѿ㹻ˣٶŪȥСʦҪˣǼþգһȵĲյķ䡣
ʦÿļԶ޼ӵߴĵŮ췢컶ü߲롣
ˡ
Ҷһķ޼䣬Ц˵ʦã֮һ
ǰĻŮ޼ִһִϣ毺ðϷ·Ⱦһ۵֮ɫҲ÷ˣһزز仪
ʦ֣㶯ȻղδĻУһֻһֻˣֻԹҶˡ
Ĳ飬ǲ֮⣬עصʱƫƣҶϰߡ
ıԹҶΪ⣬Цʦ㣬޴֣Ե֣֮
ա
ðɣʦֵķû
ûأ޽Ī䵭ĺ⽣ǰҼҺµһʦˣʦôôգ˭۸ʦȥ
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Ѿϰˡ
˴Ҷ仰ʦַˡ
Ҷһķ޵ʱһƷķɵֵԪӤʿķһǡʺãѽᵤĽʿԿһսҪԪӤϵʿҶ͵һܱ֤ԪӤʿ򲻹Ҳӡ
ԼʦãģҶЦʦʦã쾭塣
ţҶգҿû˵շ˰ǰͷˣСϻ˵ϣҶرļҹִ˭Ҳû˵
ʱղ룬ǲΪСʱȹҶԴҶŶôãС⣬΢˵ΪǴҶʦģԴҶԾöΣ˵Ĵչ
Ҳ̫ˡ
̫ˣҲûҪز
֮ͺԡ
Ȼ֮Ƿŵǣʵ
Ʒ龧ףʦýᵤ񡣡Ҷ˵ʦýᵤΪʦޱʾ
ա
аɣԼʦǮ㿪ľͺá
ʦִ˴λȥʦ𣿡ʵ
Ҷ˵δҼʦ㣬һˡ
ա
ǰݺЦעĴҶ׻û˵֮ǰôҴţһظ죬Ҫһˣ
ûʳɣˣҶһ䣬֪㣬Ǿûϲˣʦһϲ
ʦõĻܶҶԸȣ֮¡
ôˣնԴҶ֪֮ġ
ԣղʣת˵Ҳȥʦʦ֣һȥɡ
ҶüǰҪһȥʦգЩ죬ʦöദƬ̡
̾˿ĵʦöδʦöңòȴȲҪ𣿡
ա
ҲǣûУ
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šնʱһһѾ鿴ԭ㻹Ҫʦ𰡣
һ㶼·ˡ


21 
ͬҶһͬǰȥݼʦǽǺӣǶǰĹ
ĹĵȡԽ֮ͨ⣬ߡ֮
ҪǰĹ߹һζ͵ʯݣһ濿ͱڣһ޾Ԩ᫶ͶΣգв׹¡ʦڴ˵½ƣ߿շУϷ嶥ֻܿ˫ȥ
ʦ˵Ļ˵ǣ᫶Σڲʯ֮·νǡ·Զ⣬Ὣ¶ֱӾ͵Ĺĵطˣĵƽܲȥȥ˭Ա˳ûȥӡ
ĵӶסĹڣʦУԴ֮⡣Ҷն԰Ǻ£һֱסĹ
ҶǰΣղ֪Ƕնԣ꼰ǶʱڣΪǳ΢ÿĹ嶼ҪԼСȥʵʹࡣ
ʱǺҪʲôճûʦҪһ䷿ݡ
ǺԲԡ
һʹı飬ÿĹΣһ˵ʱʵڵʱ䣬ʶϣܹһЪ֮ء
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ÿοΣΪǺӵӣҲءΪеӶŵĹкԼǿ֮ͬꡣʦеĵӣ깫֮ҪȥʦС
ÿճߣǺӸСʱ䣬ɻʱ䡣ǺӸһЪŵķݣⲻڷݣǺʱܹ塣
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Ҷ
ΪӺܿɰΪ̲סӦ㡣ҶһźıԴ֮󣬱㲻ˡ
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ƻͨ
ҶԶʱҡҡͷ̾㰡
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˫Ŀǻſڵ̲ǹ⣬̽֯һнСʱ续㾦˲ˣһ꾲ֹĹŷ
Ŀ⿴ǰĴҶնˣŴҶƽȻˡ
ʦˡҶ˵
áӦȻתͷĿ⿴Եգ̽Ϊ¶οã֮ǰг
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ǺѯһΪԼ⣬Ҳյ˸棬˳
ʦͽһһΪгȤ
á
һԵĴҶϲ˿ͣ΢Цעʴʦʦã͡
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Ǻӳ˰˵һ¸
ա
Ҷʵ£
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22 
ð֮ղ˵Ǻɫ֮ˡ
޽綥֮һѩɽ֮ϣռѩɽѩɽ޽еĶ츣أɽ¶̲ž޽еļɾ֮һѩɽȻʥأĵȿǿµѷŵȴҪŸߣи߽ʿ޽ǰ塣
ţĸָſǿÿһǾھµڶһġ
ᵤᵤԪӤԪӤͻƻ񲻹ǻΪöԪӤżûʿޣöԪӤ޷ǰһֻúľԪʿʺޡ
ǵĻܣΪɣƽγǸǹȻ֮һǰιºسħսħʮǣݺݴħΪ͹ͬ޽ģò˶ܺΪһھµģΨˡ
մСĹ³δһ˷绪¶˸ģ֪ǿ˵ǻڴ˵ĴֻĤݡէһԼʦ˵ⲻ𾪣֮־ɻ˵⻰ԼʦնҪʶһ䣬˵
ȷǡǺĻ
ǣɫɻ
Ϊʦ಻֪Ǻ˵ǰ΢΢˴ǣȥ˱֪ˡ
ա
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ǳֱ׵ıҶǲֻ֪Ǻ˵ҡԼʦģ˾ðῴ
һʼҲЩãǵǺӽƵԴνˡԽۣⷴ޵֮˱͸òŮ鰮С

ҺܿġնŴҶ¶Цݣʦֹҡ
˵ǺµȻͨ͸ȴʼȱһζ޵޵󣬹鵭Եûû֮ܳΪˣȤ
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˶̶̼ʮ̣꣬򰮺Զʿǧꡣ
һˣΨдҶȣ
Ҷɫ֪ѶĬ˵
ʦ֮дգ˵˴Ҷ֮תͷǺӵ
ʮ塣Ǻӵ
ǻһʱա˵
Ǻ΢΢Ц㹻ǰڣһˡ
ԣ̾˵ʦʱǲõģʱٳ㣬ҿɸҵı򼸿龧̼󷨡
㰡Ǻնʱ̲סҡͷʧЦҲ֪Ѿͷ˭ԸĽ龧ʯ󷨣˵ǲǿɣǴҶǺӶǰִŸ
գװѵұر
Ļ봽ңϾϧأ봽ؼʱܾ̿ġ
վĴҶüĿã̧˵ʦʦһͬǰȥ
ǺӺնͬʱ̸ֹͣתͷ
ʦ˵ǰ𣿡ʵ
δǺӵҶҲ֮У⣬Ҳֹ
ɡͷ΢΢𣬶ŴҶǹؼʱ̣ɴʦܡ
ա
ҶһȻһġ
Լʦ֣Ȼ֮ɫղǸȻʱȻ󾪣ǵʱ˽
ֳʹ˵ľ̼棿


23 
̸֮Ǻֹе飬ʱȥڣ
ԭǴǰЩӾȥģʱµˣҴȥѯ¼ʦ㣬Ƶա˵
ǺԶʱĿƳŵϰʲôʱܸģ
ʿܽ˳Ӧܺдʵ
Ǻ˺ǵЦһ÷ѾͷҲֱֹ֪ԣڣڽǧҪģ
ˣȡɱ˵
ǺüһۣЩѡ񣬲˵ȷϡ
ɱ֮ɱɱаɱɱɱħɱʡɱ塢ɱţһɱԼ֮ѰʿԼԦ޷Ԧɱɱ⣬ᱻɣɥΪȫ١
ɱ޽պȺħŷɥɱǣһվ˻رܺߣСֹ䲻޲֡һεɱһһѪϴɲǣ˴ħǵĵħ𣬸ħǧʵĲʹӰħħŻǽɣˡ
ǧǰħʧ֮أֻһɱѪɺʬ۵ƽԭսϣɱѪ׺ɱƽԭսô˵سΪ˴֮أ˸ҿǰ֮أȡɱɽɽڣԽڣǧķѹɱɱΪħԴ֮ǧ꣬ɱ޽ƺҲպɱ
ڽᵤ֮ͿԼѡıʦǺպĺɽʦǽ֮ΪʦŵۣվҲܸʦŶҪѰһں⽣ǽı
⽣޽ǽߣհһ񣬷ǰʮֻһĵһĳڰ˵ɱ
һ䲻Ǵ˵е֮ףѾˣ޽紫Ǳ٣ǲڡ
ɽׯׯ֮仹δ˶Ȼ޷ֻܷ֮
ʣµıֻɱˣɱΪ׽֮ԼԦѹֻͣ˵ڰˡ֪Ǳɱ۽ޱɱȡ
ˣ
յİɱˣ˵и࣬ǲѡö࣬վĽѷʦʦ֣ѷˡ
ңɱʺ
صɱɽɵĽڣĹŵӣȡɱȡûȡߣձȡˣǺӵ
޷鷢ǺӵͽܣĹŵӣãǸǺӺû֪ɱѹɽɵĽڣ֮;һҪȡ
΢΢ȥ
ǺӲֻ֪һΪͽܿǵɱɱɱĽ
΢Ȼ֮һš̫Ϊľ
֪⣬ͷӦǡ
ǺӲ˵ҲҪȥһľģʧأ˫˼
̸һ䣬ǺӿǰӣЦſڵѵʦö˾ڣҹĹʦͽúһ𡣡
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ£վԵղᳶ䣬ȻЦŶǰǺ˵ðȥʦʦһϯ
þδգյҡǺЦӦ
ʦͽһӦһ˵ˣҶüͷֻɿȥ÷ȡһ̳ơ
ǺЦݸתͷЦ㿴ʦ֣ѵô󷽡
Ĺ÷ŵľƷͨƣǴҶżȻһؾڵĺƣؾڵɽ𣬲ͬѰƣζرԽؾԽ㡣ҶͳҲ͵˼̳һ̳һ̳
ǺӺþƣǲֹһպȿա֮ңǺӾδƹ˺ãԴҶֻù涨һ̳
Ϊʦ̫þˣʦΪáհ׵

ǺӲˬһͽܴ˹ܲסˡ
˾ҡ
Ǹʦ֡һǸĶԴҶ˵ҹʦֶȾƣ»ذɣô
ҶƳһۣ˵ްʦǱʦҪ

˲Ϣˣ·ǧˣʦʦͬʱȾĸ
Ҫ
ðֻ֮ӲתƻʦҪȥ⹻һ


뿪ĹȥǷ壬ֱǰÿһ嶼רΪڵӻ׻Уȿרŵ¶콻װ̯Ҳе¥
¶̯ѵģ̸¥Ҫ𣬶ǹУŲƿ⡣Ϊš˰ԵʣǸĴͷ֮һҲĲǴҶҲգǳֽϵĴμ档
岻ͬÿһεǿޣŵУרһΪšԣĲǳֽϡֽϾͺñǸɽиҲֻеλ塣
ҶһεҲǲȥ֮ǰֽѾ𽥷Ȩͽμ棬ƹ񡣵֮μλˡ
֮ɳֽΪרһÿһֻһͽǺӣͽܣҶͽڶһأ
ֽȥȥʾǺӣ費ҪȨתƸաһϽ֮ȨǸķĻƣȴҲʵʵȨر
Ǻӳ˰죬ȻգѯԸպԥʾ׷ѰʦʦֵĽŲרĽǺͷʾˣȻͬڳĳֽ˵ǰԺΡ
һհʦǺӶһϵͳֽһϵķ粨ҲʹƽϢ֪ǲΪȨԵʣֽ϶쳣չˣ̬ȺͰе׹Ůۣձ˼
ԥȨһ˵ǰרĽʦʦܲеСһΪֽһȨӪ꣬һʲôҲ޸ȥȨǲȡʲôҲᣬʲôҲòˣŲɡ
ңֽΪͣѪһľȥжĥɱ¿ȨôĶص˵ȥܸоǺϣܾģǼˣǸѡĻᡣ
յһδǺӸܵأǴӴ˶ԸϲҲûԴͽǸѡĻᣬԸ
ԣǺǸˡ
˴ΣǰҡǷΪѰԡ
ҡǷĵ㣬޽רһҡǷļʦ죬ʦ˼̣гԡʦ˵ˣԾ͸ۡ
ԣվ⼪ƵջԵ
ʦ㡣
̤һ䳨ĵ̣е
ͷдʲôļ̧ͷȥնʱüһЦӴ޽һ˴ݹ٣Сԡ
ʦͱ̭ˡ˵أ
ʲôֱ˿
ҺʱȥڣȡƵա˵
ȵȰȡ˼öͭǮһָһ㣬ղײձȥɡ

Զʱ죬𣿡
ǰŶһЦȥȤŶ

տǶӵЦݣһµı飬ԵĶôȤζ
ŶȤζȤζȴҲЦһӦá
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ţΪᷢȤ顣һٱ顣
겻ˣü
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շˣаɡ
ȼŽ̴ȣǶһͬǰȥշ壬ڣ޽շϡ
˵ɣʲôȤһţһбۿԵļʵ
ԣһȤЦݣ˵̰ǰᵤˣ֪𣿡
֪˳˵ȻüᵤˣҼǵΪδԲ
ȷŵͷ˵δᵤ֮ʱ˭ᵤأ
ЦЦգᵤˣɲͼˡ
նʱԣð֮ŵαء
˵»Ѫ½ĹСӣжξԹղԹʾ̵ֻ濴
򵥵˵ǺӵԲзۣԲз֡
СͳǽǺӣǳħ˵еĽɷɡֳݺδʱƺͳˣԽˣΪǺӰɽɣ塣
ʮ֮ãĬĬǸˡ
̵츳׿Խϵǿ󴿾Խϼѣˡ岻Ϊͽܾˡ
ĸֻԼ֪ǸΪʦֻϧ̫ˣǸͽҲͽ֪ûϣȴģԳٳٲϰʦ
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Ȼ󱻾ܾˡ
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Դ֮ͺǸˣǸλãʦˡ
㹻˰ճ鴤ǣ￴ǰļţ˵бµ̵˵Щ
ңҡ˵ЩĶԹʵô£
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Ϲ˵ûе¡շ˸˵Ǹûô򵥣˲ò࣬ǲΪϸ;ǶС׻ǡ
Сġ
ô𣿡һɵ
ţƽµŮˣǿ˵޹Ϊ츳Ժǿ׷µ׷󡣡
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ûзһֱѰᣬһʮꡣ֪ʦּһȻʦΪŵӣû˻ᣬԴҲ˳ۣҽϾǿѹһͷΪҲ֤ʦ顣˵
ô򵥣˵
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УһȤı飬Щأ
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ִʦԭܼ򵥣Ϊǿģ׷ǿҲ׷ǿĽΪʦʦܾ˵ĪĴɣʦѡңʦΪұǿ˵
ʵܺöأ
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ˡ˵
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ڣշ弫徲֮Դѹɷºƽ̹԰ʯ޽Ρĸţдڣ֣Ѫ
פڽڣ÷ϡ
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ԣüĿƳһվļţųٵЦЦ
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Գһ£ȻҲȺ
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ſð֮˵֪Ϊ̼Ҫᵤ
ΪΣʵ
ΪҪɱš
ա
ſ˵Ҫɱ֪ҲҪɱᵤ֮㼱ڽᵤڰǰᵤˣᵤ֮չعΪڣˡ
ԳĬ
֪ǰᵤʱһԡţ֪ʲô
㣬˴αչضá

ð֮ղſż˵˵ЩΪΣ
ûΪΣ;бҪ֪˵Ŀ⿴ǰΡĽڸţʦҾں㡣
ΪʦĻᣬ档
ڱܾ֮뿪½ΪʦˡСҴδῴ˵𴽣Ŀⶢǰڣ˵ȡʲô
ܹ鲻ɱ˵
ôţš
ͬһͬڽڣ⣬
һ㶼ҪɱΪ˵ǰ㣬׷ǿǺΪʦҲҪɱҲһ㶼֪ҪɱΪһպһģҲҪǿĽΪǿĽ壬Ǻǿһ
ȻҲҪǿǱԼͬǿġ
ʱ
ΡߴĽڣź󣬻سһϮƳȹŮޣŮ߳ڣ̧¶һ˫Ӳ˲㽣ֱֱǰڣվա
࿴΢΢˴ǣʦ㡣
Ŀ⿴еĽһīڵĳİɫĵ񣬡Ǿ
ϵЦݸϲʦ㣬
ʮʱڶǣ֮ɲ¡
Ĺϲɫ䣬ˣ
˵硣̡
δɱδܵá
ȴЦȻΪʦ˵ġ
ûõɱҵȻ˿
վһǶ˰ػԻļţ
о춳ˣŮ°
ˣʦҾͷˣҿ԰Ľȥˡ˵ͷ÷ˡ
÷ЦǺ˵Ƕ˸á
š
ǲϹˣǺ޲öԷùĳа
ЦеȻʦСʶǱѰ
š
ǱѰҪŪԷ
㻹ȥ۶յ̣ʱϻôࣿ
лʦģͽȥЦ˵𴽽ǣһʦźȡɱġ
š
ŷģ仰ϱǿɱ
ʦãŵɣ


24 
ڣ
һ̤뽣ڣ, ɫȻͰ, һ֮Ϯ, ƤϺĴ̹ǡȥ, ֻüյãã˵ȻͬΡʵİʯ, ·һΪɽˮ֮, ⽣ڣȴɭɭɲһƬ
޴ڵİߣ˿˷أȴ, ǰߡԽǰ, ԽءⲢͨĺй¶˿˿, вˡ, ɷ·Ǿַ·Ľ֮Խǰ, ҲԽɢȥԼɿ硣ȵɢȥ, չǰһѪɫ磬֮Ĺ
ջ谵ûһֻһ㲻Ѫɫ·˽ŨѪ˾ϣȾ˿Ѫɫ֮, һƬڻߵķĹıĽ鲼ء
֮ǳ֮ƪŵĴϣصȴ˻ѡ
ǰǴѪɫ֮أڣ
һ֮ңȴ֮
մ˿վ֮ý̤Ľѣҽ뽣ڣѽ˽Ϊ
ɽ֮أڣ
פڽڣ֮⣬Ŀǰޱ֮أȻɳǰ̤
һ̤뽣ڣ
̤뽣ڣһ̣ˡһ
ڣڵǧ𶯣ȻѤõĽһ˲ڣ硣
վƬ֮صգʶһѣΣӿʶǧʣȻΣŷӰ
Щڴ˵صĹ½ԭǳţ̤֮˲䱻ѡ
ģ˹¡
ѽͨ޽֣޽ͨֻҪ룬շκνɽ񽣻ħ
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֮Щȥ궯عƽĽҲ֮ʧڣػš
ٱġ
տŰĽڣһ̫ܽϲҲãܡˡҪġ
ǰߣѰɱ
ÿһʱԭĽ˲ҷȻǿĽ⣬еЩСֶΰٳ󺰣ѡңѡң

ЩһһõĽ鸴ӣǸˣ仨ˮ飬κЩĵĽպܸжȻź˿ܾˡ
պ뿪ʱЩŻŽԵĽ˲ֹâȥ·ʧ䡣
ְ֣֣
ڽڣѰɱ;ķġ
ǧգһŮQAQ
ҵˣ
ͣ½ŲǰһĽ۾ɱˣ
ĽʣûиӵĻƣοյĽ齣ɱĶر־ǿ飬ɱĳնɱһ壬ȡ飬Ѫ졣
ɱн֮ƣ˵ɱĽʷǰǳǳĽʣĽһΪĽ˵ΪΪɱ̫ˣʱѪȾۻ˲İɫ
Ŵ˴˵ʱղ࣬ɱöײаӲһĽպյɱ
ǼܴǶصĽĽɣƵĽɫԣǻֵƽ·بŶϡ
ĽʣŹʷ˵ɱ¾
Ŀⶢ۵ڱصá
ڽڣϵɱִ֣ʱ򣬶ʱһǿսɱӽϴ䡪һʶ
ֻʶУҵķӿǰһ󷢻裬ǿҵѣվסòսϵݺݵеɱ
ҲſãǶ˵ܷšʲôʱҪսΨеĽܷţǽ޵ʶӿĸӾˣɱϵĽ˷޿ײĳꡣ
ձ۾ҧֿɱɱ⡣³۾˿һƬֹһľ
֮һ͵ۣ۱ȽȺҹʢ޾ɱ
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յɱѹסɱĽ⣬ѹס̨֮һɣɱⱻɱѹסĿֲ֮ɢȥ
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ղ³һڳеɱȻһĽ⣬ϯܡѩ״۵ĽУյǰһǻ
ޱߵƽԭϣʦΧһˡ
һϮµĽնٱЦſ⣬Ŀ⼥ڽĿ·ʿһ̧ʣһն£
ǧֹǧ򽣣򽣡
ޱ߽˲û˰ʦ
սΪĹʿֱ㻯ΪһصʬǣǸˣ˽ɫƽ޲ֻһ۱صʬǣֽеĽһƮȻȥʧؼ䡣
˷ȥ

浽Ϊֹ
ʧ
ɴ𺳵棬һʵ̫ˣֲ̫ˣһʿ˭ܵУ˭
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ϳ֮صƽԭսħΧ˵ħ𣬰ʿ㳲һս֮ޡԭھ
֮ħΧ˵ħһս޽粻֮գ˵֪һս˭ʤ˭ܣΪʿ𣬾ħҲʧһսУ֪޽綼һսУɱսϡ˵޽ʿŰɣŵħʧ޼ٲ˵Ҳͱձͬˡ
ԭȻû뿪
վþԡ
֮ŵͷһǰıѱһ㰲ɱɫЩᣬħû⽣Ͳ֮ҪҪˣ
һҪ
պԥȻҪ
û͵ˣɱֱ׳İý֣Ժħ֣ҲҲ˵ġ
˵ʱ򲻹ͻһùأ
պɰγɱת뿪ˣġ
˵˵⣬ԽǺõģշصʱ鶼࣬Ųɵɡ
̤ڣʱ򣬺һǱֱΣϢնʱʶתȥΣϢȥ

ձЩµĿǰֱġһ棡⽣ǳģ
ʶһǲûʲôãǳڳصԴϣʶȥӡ


25 
ձͻȻĽҵе, µԴϵֽסڳ, ··һ㡣Ҫղŷһɵͷ, ջа
̫ܻӭȻҲá̾˿ϧ, Ѿ, Ҳߵġ
ɽ˵, ĵȴһ˰ɡ
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ձŻؽڣڽַɹԴϡ
ա
ô۵
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оԼԴҪ˵, 
ô߰ΣֻһνסɽѾСнˡ
ȻֹΪڽʱһ֪, ǡһһĵһ
Ȼǵһ
𾪣ʧ걻ǷʵڵĵһȻɽɵĽڣ
˭ŵڣ֪һڽڣ𣿽һɽɵǰڣššššûһ˴˵һ
Ȼǡ
Ϊ֮׵ĵһҪǿ
ѵһʲô𣿱˼ҵǸãϲǽǣ޿أ
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ĿеĵһڵĽʣεɫ񣬳˹ӺصϢôƽƽͨһ⽣ʶ֪ǵһֻһ֮
û뵽ԼȻᱻ֮׵ĵһǿϣյʱ΢ͺñһһһ׵ؤ۹ˣôҪ޸ּȾ־ûĸ顣
ϲûеġ
ѾõҪģԶ콵޶롣ȥǲܵģ֪ǵһ֮ձ⣬Ϊ滹˵е֮ס
ڣ
ʦãʦȡɱ𣿡ЦɫĮ˵
ɫ䣬ڶǰΡʵİʯţӲҷδ֪
Լ¸ܲҲ֪һ˵ʦϣʦȡɱ𣿡

̳Ĭδ
վԵļĿЦһϮƳȹ̣ϸ֫ӯӯһգСɣҼȻ̣˾ͬ
˭ˣϧޱò֮Ůϧȴ޺аǴֵͱǾޱ
յĽɱ̵Ľ
յĽɱˣ̵ĽԶ׷Ѱżǿ
Ƕ˱Ϊɽ˫һ˫ءָǶ˲˫ָ뽣˫
Ϊ̲شˣ̿ˣȡɱΩԸɱڣ
ԶʱЦˡ
ˡ
Ŀ⿴ǰڣ
һϮȹεóһ߳
̵ĿеĽϣһ˼֮ĽͬȾѪĽʣĶؽ޽ֻΨһɱ
Ȼõˣ
һȻˣһ۳ֽգȻɫĮԥת뿪
ſ뿪˵𣬲
Цһϲ𣿡
˦仰첽뿪
ճ֮ǡÿ̺ԥ뿪Ӱ˵ߵĿ죬ҫĻᣬǧȡɱ
Զʱһ治޵УķӲһȥˡ
ɱ𣿡Ŀ⿴еɱզɷĽ
Ͼɱյ
פڽڣ÷ϿϵɱЦǺ˵ʦִӽڣ˺⽣಻ضãȡɱ
һǿµǿ
÷ֳɱգ°λպҪʦָɱĸǺģһѪȷ硣
Զʦֺʦ𡣡ƽ˵
÷ԵЦǫĻ˵ȴǲ˵ģǣҾԼˡ
÷ˡտ˵һѯ÷ϡ
£÷ϡ
տ˵ڣй涨ֻһ˴һ
÷¶죬ƺû뵽ʣһ£Ȼҡͷδ˹涨
Ƿһ˴ʵ
÷Ծһ£æʵ˼
עӵĿ£ջͷҴ

÷Զʱš
һԵļֱӾʲôôܣ
ڣѡ˫ѡˡǲѡѾ˽Ľûܹͬʱӽڣ
Լź÷ϰŰɵĿ⣬ջͷҲ鿪Ц
Ŀ⿴÷ϣܷ
ڣųǧ򽣣ŵĵԶȽڣĽ࣬òҲÿһ˶ֻһδĹ涨ȷĬ
һ˴ϱš
ǰδʾƽ̡÷˵
յͷ˵һȥ
˵գתͷԵļţǸ÷ȥʾƽ̣ʦȻȥɡ
ްҪűʾ˵³ԾˣվȻɱ֮⻹һԤһȻ಻
ѰʦҲὫ߰ɣ°
ʲôأ
ò˵ű˺ģ²ѯʵĺʱֻ̾ʦߵ̫ˡ
˵գ˹ǣʦһκ˶ɡ
ԣ㻹١
ƽ̴
ɽɵƽǰ÷ϺգȾеɱˣ΢һ£ȻЦɱʺ㡣
ԵͷͬҲʺҡ
գЦЦȻʵµ˽ȥʦôң
ƽ̡÷վЦһ˵ʦֶӽڣ
Բ죬
ĿѯʵĿһգյͷӦǡ

ð֮տڵһȡһۡ
սһȡ˫ϡ
Ϻŵڳã˵⽣İ֪Ǻν
һ֮ͨҲ޷ͷǺӻһȥǣ°
̧ͷһۣ򴽣⽣Ϊһ
壿ŵǹŹ֡Ц
ǵһĵһһվ

һĬ
ʲôһһĵһ


26 
ð֮
ǵһĿ⿴ʵ
Ŀ»ͷ, ١
óĬ֮, ȥλǰæԸȥ
ʱ֮
ɽɸƽ̴һϮѩ׽۵Ǻ
λǰҪ顣ĸ, ˵
λ, ɫĿ°ⷢ˺, ƽټǡ
˶, ʦֶǰȥڣȡ



һĬ
ð֮Ƿſڵ鵹ϡ, ֻǶȡһ, ʦֶȻԵǸľġ
˵գЦ᲻ãʦֲһɡ
Ŀؿһ, ֮ǰ, ֱͱˡ
Ǻӻɷнµĵͷ, ͷҾͷһ뽣ڣ

ΪǷǺӵĻ̬ɣɫȡЦʦͽ˲, ˶ȡһһ˶ռ⸣Ե񰡡
ŵĿɱӴʦͽպҪʤ, ͽˣԺ޽˭㡣
ɱسѾͷЩʿĲ־Ӱˡ


վһڴг¥գĿ⿴ɫǳ鴤ĬĬظ˸ƽʦҲװȺ̫ˣ
˵꣬ųڵʦֶȡߵĵڶǵһ
˻һʱ
ð֮
һǸһ𣿡Ʒڵǵǰɵ彣
ɫͷ֮׵һ
һĬ
ֱ
Ȼǵһ벻֮Ҿһõһɣ죡ʦֶȡһһۡҡǷ
׷׳һڣ
ա
⣬ͬƽˡ
εĿ£ͷƤȡ˵һԼ·һֻȺǻŵСãС޹
ڹӵĳհ޳ϡ
ǵһƺͨѰ
豹棬֮ס
ѹһֱ֪һΣȷϣ󡣡
׷׵ȻǳתջǴǵʧλεѸһ˼ǵһȻǵһôôͨ
ա
ǿڵһ֮׵ķϣǲô飬һȷǹˡ
һͨѰǺӿڵһǵ֮Ӧ֮
ĿжĿһۣõһѡǳĽӦѡǺôںô۹ˡ
彣ԶʱĬð֮ǲ¿תƻû뵽ʧ˽ĵһȻڽڣ
Ǿһ֪
ϧˣ걾ûнһڣ
ʦֶһǿĵӣܹ򶯵һ


ۿŻ˵
òѵλλǰδõһ
ǷԶʱЦˣδãôô죬ȻһǱûʲô˵ˡ
üѰҲͰˣ֮׵ĵһʦֶǷǷȱƿǷӦڸʵ﷽ܸõķ֮׵
˭Ҳ֪һڽڣ꣬ǧ꣬ǽʦֶ˭Ҳ֪ʧ˽ĵһڽڣһ˿ƣǿǿֻ䷴ɡǷѡĽߡ
ҲãҲҪơ

۲һĶ
Ȼǣ֮׽ףĸ޲ĶӵУǷĶǷҲȲҪһõһɡֻǵΪ磬״õҲҪԵи̰֮ǿᣬֻմ䷴ɡ
ѾһζͣǿҲҪˡ
һѡգǱֻܹ
뷨λȰ˵Ҳˡɿüͷ˵Ҳգˣλ˵˰ɡ
תͷվ˵ȻһΪãΪ뿪ɣ㡣
򴽣ɫ˵ӶṼƽ̺λΣûһ
գ¶οɫܹ
ǺǡǷ״ʱЦǺӵͽܿһһɵýǽȥ
Ǻɫ𡣡
ԣǷʵ
ԣˡǺ˵
޳ܡǷʵ˵
лҪ˵
գһúöһġ
Ȼγɱ
һζûùĵһɱ


27 
յ˵һϢ, ɽ, һΪ֮ףǻĳЩʿ̰, δɳ֮ǰ, µһĴڡ
ʦֶ㲻˵Ҳϵóǵһ˵
ա
ᱻһ, ƽ̡
ƽ˵е, һУǾ̫˺ˣڰΣ, յͷӦ, ƽ֮ԡ
ɢ֮뿪ͬǺһȥ塣
Ĺ
ʦ֡
Ǻ, ԶԶı㿴ǰͥԺû޼԰лݵһϮ۵ĴҶ, ߽˽е
, Ҷ̧ͷ΢΢һЦʦá
ʦ𡣡ֽǺӵ
ǺӶ΢, ˵Ϊʦһͬȥʦ˵¡
飬ҶɫʱأеĻһԣ˷ͬǺӡһȥҡ
ʦ, ʦ˺£һңҶæʵ
ǺӿһۣȻٿһ۰վһԵգ˵¡
Ҷɫˣȥƺصӡ
ʲô飿Ϊʦѵƭ㲻ɡǺƳʦÿɳϢˣڣһض顣
Ҷ
˭ڣǿֶģ
ʦһϱһһǺ
ҶҲʦ
աٺ١ЦͦأǺû

ǺһһѾı鿴ʦãرͽܣƽʱͦһˣʦþͳ˸ɵӡ
Լʦ÷·ɵӵĿⶢŵĴҶҲʶķ΢£Ȼʦһ˴ӽڣȷ⣬ǲһŻȥڣ
⣡ǺӿȻĺ⽣ɡ
Ҷ
ҵĺ⽣ôˣҪ
վʵǿȥԼʦֱʦŪˣֳ˳Ҷӣ˵ʦ֣ߵһɱ
ʦóԸҶԶʱʵˡ
ϷǺ俴ûˣ˰ɡ
һǵһռû׹ѵ֮׵ĵһǸһ

Ҷ۾ܾ΢Ժﲻɵظһͷֻĺ⽣ȥˡ
ɫǺ˵Ϊʦǲûƭ㣿˸Ϊʦʱˡ
Ҷһʹı飬ʹ˵ʦõĻ
ˣʦʦˡϷ̫ղòվ˵ԼʦʦҲǸϷأϷġ
ʦ㲻Ǵ𣿡ҲʮֲҪ˵һһ˶һеأ
ƾԼߵĽƾʲôҪȥдʵ
ƣԶǼᶨƵʦôĴҶ޵ʦ˵Ķԡ
ʦ˵̫ǱģҲǶԵģǺֱһСͽܵͱúԭĴͽܣСͽ˵Ȼһѡ㣬ҲѡҪΡ
һġ˵
Ǻ̾˿ƽʦǸˣλͨ˽߽࣬㵱¡
ӶҲպҪӸǣպԥ
մӽڣýõɽɵĽ˽µÿһӡžľǣҲΪžš
ÿһӽڣȡ߽ĵӣǵֻᱻ¼ɽɵ¼ϣǵĻƻᱻȼڻãһش΢СĻƻ۳ޱҫĻ𺣣ɽɡǺŵٹ⣬ŵİȫ̳СʹС
Щ޸ĸ޼ҵĵӶԣűǵļңʦǵ֮ͬűǵֵܽã֮ˡ
ǺĻοò
۰ĵӣϣԼĵܵ˺ί಻ϣľĵ˽֪жʦΪʦΪý̵ỵ́ϱ㲻ɡ
һζ簮ǰǺ
ΪʦһԪȥвǰΪʦǺӶ޴ֻһԪء𵤲ԪԪӤ壬⣬ڿʼϰԪ񡣡
ԵͷӦлʦ𡣡
ν𵤲ԪԪӤ塱ָǽڼϰԪ絽ԪӤſʼԪԪӤ˵ôͿʼ塣ԪӤʿ˵ǸǳʱڣԪӤǸֽߣԪӤ¶еͽʿԪӤֻǲ˸߽ʿż߽׺еͽʿȫһģȻͬ硣
Ϊһ⣬ǰ̤˸߽ʿǸ硣Ǻӿĵ𵤲ԪΪڽʿ˵ԪδǸɲ硣ղһģڸԶˣĻҲܹ
Ǻӵյǲ֪̣ԼǰԤϰ˸߽γ̣ϰԪ֮ʶҪȽʿǿ͵ڶһŵƣԺԪӤϰԪҪԪӤʿǿռơ
ôһ£лһ
İ£նڱչأ˴αչصΪУΪ˸ɱ
ͷŰƷ龧һ龧һ龧ķ²Ž龧ɹȻǶɱϡ֮Ƕȥķ龧ͻ龧ֱյĽһɣԵĽһɡ
ȵ֮ǰȥҶǺӣǶ˿ϱŵǱɱĽ϶һһҫġʯǡ
̫ɧˣ
ǽĽ񱾾ݻ㻹ڴʯ̶˲ʮ㣬ɧȫɱĺպ磡
Ǻӳ˵ٴ룬⽣Ը߲ʽ
⣡۷и뷨ֻʱ̫ʱٳһ̼ȥĺͽ񲻴ǴɫӵĽɡ
Ǻӡ

ö˶˵ɱϾΪ߲ʽʵڿɱ̾
һɱ̾ĻᶼûУûʯҲû룬Свҽȥ
վԵĴҶһʦ˵Ķԣͷͬɫÿ
龧Ҳÿ
ǺƳһۣϢ
ʱǺյ
մ˴γΪ¸µ˻ᣬչصڣȺ󷢳ʮ޽綥šɫòŮ޶ˣʶ˴֮Ϊ˻ᣬյҲΪ
ǰԤǰ㣬òɫŮǰᣬ޽粢ҪȢޣǽĳֻԵҲõĳطؾҪŮ޲ƾ֡
ӵŮƺҲôΪģһ˾ܾ
ɡ˵Ҵ¡
ǺԵͷ˵˴˻ʦһͬǰȥǶ˿໥ӦûԵƽɡ
⻰վͲˣʦԼ־Ͷôûģһأ
Ҫû룬һȥƨڼ˯
ԹǺƳһۣ˴ǰ˵Ļ֮⣬貨ӣʿ
ա
ˣˣǴС


28 
, Ǻ˵һ, °ǽ޽ɫòŮ޶ȥ˰, , ԭϲİ˵ȥЩŮ䶼, Ϊ𵤲ԪӤ
ǺĻ, ЦֹϲģϲСġ
ֻмʮ겻ա
ʦ, ֤ݣ
Ǻôһ˵, ҲһʮıһȺòŮǰȥѡ㡱еֵֹ, ܾرɥ
ֵ
Ǻֲ, ʱü, ܾ²
ֵĳ˶Ź̾ɥĲŶ
ںȥˡǺӿ̾˵Ϊʦȥ˾ͻزˡ
, ġ
ˣˡȡһӽ˵ȥ
ʡͷ˴ˣΪʦȥ㡣ǺƳ˵
ջϲĽӹĺ, һߴ򿪣һ˵ʦȣԼܻ
ۣǽ󰡣վϲе̵ĳǺ¶һЦݣʦá
Ǹпʦ𵽵жⱻ˴Ȼһ׽⽣סԪӤʿһʱ̵ˣһʱ̹Զݶȥ
ʵʦҲ򲻹ܻȵİɣ
˰

պʹҶǺӣת˳ҡ
ʦáͥԺǰĻϣҶе
ͣ½Ų̧ʦֺ£
Ҷһн˵ôȥɷ硣
ԣտһеУֽ˹ܻĵŴҶ潫Ӵ򿪣ֻһ̻Ŀȸᣬǡȵɫȸ𣿡
ʦĵģ𾪵
޽ֻһͷɫȸǾĿȸ˺ᡣ֪ȸǾԼġ
ҶȻǰЩȥһ壬ȸ˸ģˡ
ա
Լëˣʦƭȸĺ𣿡ճ˵Ͳ±֪ͿȸһĻСǳ
𡣡Ҷ˵ëʲô̫ˡ
аȡ
˵㣬ճ׷ˣԼʦǸǳС۵Ŀȸܿƭʲôġ
ʦ֣ʦǲ̫ˣ˵Ʒ龧ѰǼֵԶȲϿȸᣬɫȸȲϷǰ㴫˵ϣҲƷˡ
ްҶʾǡ
ԵͷӦá
Ѱ˼Ҫȥޱһˣɫȸɷ硣
ޱ
ʦ֡
ѯޱĵӣ֪ɷʡã˹ȥѰ̤ʡڣ㿴ɷǰķǰдʲôе
ɷ̧ͷӢͦɫ¶죬漴վЦʦôˣк£
Щ顣ȡǸнɷ磬˵ϴεĻ񡣡
ɷϵЦȻʧ˵˵˵´ٻ𣿡
Ϊǡʺʦֵұˣһһ룬ʦֹȻҲҪ͵ġյ
ɷ翴һۣһԵĽӹϵУһǸԵĿȸᾲںСȸᣬɷ練Цˣ̧ǰգЦȸ᲻İɡ
յʵŪɫȸܹ޽ָɷԼҲұ֤ܹ
Ҳ֪ʵϵʦָŪġ
ɷ֪еʦֻһǾͬΪǽɵӵĴҶ¶ʱЦһ
ͷҶˣȴұ⡣ɷϵɫ˵龧ȲÿȸȸûȥɣˡҲա
һô˵üĶʱһ£½п֪࣬ٳٶҲ֪鷳ʦֵ˽ģɷʦ֮ѡ˭⻹Ҫ˵
Ȼѡʦְ
պƫ̻Ҷģ֪˾ٻɷ磬ɷ粻죬ѡ˴Ӧˡ
ӦĻǲľʦ˰ɡյ뷨˵ļ򵥣ʦֺףȻʦְ
˭أ
һ̾һԹĸҶΪʰ̯ӣȸҲҶʦֵĸм֮ģȸҶʦֵһ⣬ʦ¡
ԣɷƳһۣû˵
ȸ͵ģȻϲ£ȴһҫȨѹֵɷܲ衣ͬΪˣҶǵС˼ʦδϲܲ
ʦ֣ôҵһأ˵
ɷǲ˵
ռɷȻǲɿڣϵɫɻ˼֣ϵϢҲûǰŭ֪ŵǷȥģٽ˵ʦ֣ͳȫҰɡ
ǲգұҪѰ˵
ɷƳĵѰҲãϧ˽ⲻûûεʦãĲգҲͶ˵תˣ˿ϡʱ򣬴ҶǸƻյˣָҪʦǰʲô
ܸᣡɷͷԽˡǸҶʹļƱƵάȡ
ɷ簵ҧº޵òУȴɫյҲգΣǾ´Ρ
Ķҵ⡣ɷյ޹ء
֪˴ҶĲ֣װװɵܵĵͷš
еɽͳȥ֮ոϽͳˣʦɫôڣǱùͷˣˡ
Զʡ֮շŻ˽Ųޱɽţɽĺӳ
ʦ㣡һ
תͷȥֻһϮ̳ȹĻ³ʦá߽ˣճе
¶һЦ˵û뵽ʦ㡣
ûǰǰޱ㷴Ӧҵǲɷ磬һ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
տɫ°ͷ˵ʦÿΪľ֮ǰϲʦˡ
⻹Ҫлʦ㣬ʦĸʦѡ¶ЦҵҲ˵Ҫ㣬лһ
ˡ˵ɵ֮ǰŴڶ̬ƺͰΪ˵ƷѹֵʱλƷرԭΪˡ
¿ЦЦû˵ʦԶ֪Ӱж󣬺ŵ˵ıһƷ޶˱͵ԼҹŮ潾պɱ⣬޽鲢ʼ
ǷӽݵĲ߽ʿǺò׵һŮǷķĽ簮ʶڵʱѾˣӶԵĻҲˣֻȥŮͻȻ϶ˣܲϲָ֪ıΪӰ͵㲦Ȼмա
ʦ㡣ͻȻɫ˵һѯ㡣
£ա
Ƿյ˻˵
šյͷ
ɫأȻ
ɫԾնʱʶʲô˻ʲô⣿ʵ
лҪ˵ҶVSɷ
ΪյĺڣҶʤ
ɷٱҶΪѹֱ
Ҷ¶ʤ΢Ц(*)


29 
»ҡͷ, ˵֪
, ü᲻֪һϢûİɡ
̧, , һû˻ᡣ
, ¾, Ȼ
ǽջǰѰյԭɫأܾ˻, ·Ϊ֮
˵, ȻĿ⿴գͲûֱ˵Ҿǳȥġˡ
ʱ̫ˡµ
һûʲô˻ᣬһͻȻðһ˻, յ޽˰Ϊµһ˺ð, ˵ǳȥ˭š
ҡһε˵, ԣʦȥὣʦͲᱻΪµһ, ҲͲ¡
ȻܿʦӰǰһǰΪӰ󣬶֮ɾµŴ޽, ʿɲŮòһԣء
ΪЩԽִźݣõˣϲģҲϲġԲŻ֮˪ȥ֮ǰἵ˪£Ļ⡣
ʵ룬ĲϲĻʱ޽ЩԲͺˣǵʱϲҲݵô޷ʹһ˭ûʧأ
һΪȥӰɾȻûˣ޽ӰǸݾ޵ֵµһաĽݺͽսŮǿԼĽʦãǷһǿֳǵʦ㡣
տε飬ο޹أǵϱͼıûҲ´Ρ
ԣ¿ֹ
ްճЦҡͷᱲʿնУ;ܻΣգʱӭѶϱˡ
ʿһӶһ˳ģǷҲвʱءյ
¿ɫһ䣬ʦ㡭
ѵͲµ𣿡ʵ
˵Щʱ򣬽ȡЦݺͬһܹһгɡηͿ־塣
áտɫΪãҴӲԼ¡
ĺµĻ齣Ͻ
ʦ㻹ǣᰲοˡСЦ£ħ費ȴƽ
˻֮շ塣
һͨĹĶʯݣһŻ˵ЩѵǳȥģµĻпܡǣ벻ͨʲôͼıġͼıͼıʦֺʦأ޽֮Ψ޽ˢ˰ѴڸлʮǰĲɽᣬǰӢ˰ǺǱƸӢᶼ˰Ҳ˵ʮ꣬ԽԽȥأ
ʦá
ʯǰĴҶϱʵʲôأ
̧ͷһۣȻҡͷûʲô
˻ǳ飬ûȷ֮ǰߴҶʡƽ޹ġ
ҶҲδתʵ㻹ɷˣ
տһۣˡ
ԣҶЦݸҲºˣ߰ɣʦãǻȥʦָ
ա
¸ңҲСĻģ
մ֪˫ʦ֣ʵСۼǳֽƻĻ˲Ǹƭ˵Ŀȸٱڰ˵ɷ硣
ϲβ㡣Ҷ˵
ðɡա
ԭˡ
˭ʦأ

պͬҶһͬǰȥ
Ϊʱ䲻ԭպʹҶѡ˴򵥿ݵĽͨʽɽɺɽɵǽûдģǱȥ֮ɽǽ
ûĸźŵǻ޽Էãڿսʱʮֲġһٽĳǳؿ϶д󣬷ͳСΪǾ뱾һξٽǳأ³ǳصĴ󱻵ãڵ˴ٽǳظϵصʱ򣬱ػᱻڵӷ֣˸ӦԵʱ䡣
ġ涨Ϊǰħսʱ򣬾ųֱӴϼұ˸ֲ˳ϼҡ
ѪĲʹѵ
ĶȻҲûдģպʹҶ͵˾֮ԶĴǣҲǣֱ޽ѩɽ޽ǣǵԣǱΪǵתվڵġ
һ˴ǣӭıĺ磬ȥضѩһƬ˴ɽѩɽӰ졣
ѩɽܱʮڽǺ֮ռѩɽȻĵƣ޽мħδĸܹѩɽڣҲ˵ѩɽı߽綼ûͱɵˡҲƫһ磬˲ҲˣֻԼԼ
еһսһεǰħʮǣռΪУ˵ս֮˺˯ǳˡ
ͬҶǷжȥӭȻѩǲ÷ŻٶȣԽѩɽѩԽпᣬǶʿ˵ɷѩҲǼĸΪҶӰ󣬺ڻӦ
ʱ޿̲ķѩյ˫ۣ۾΢ǰѩ׷һѩ׶Ρɽ֣ʦ֣Ǿѩɽ𣿡
ĿԶΡŰѩɽǲڷѩ֮ɽ·ңԶ˵بŶɾ֮ء
̾ǲ׺쳾ע˼̻ĸŮ񡣡
ʦãѾ̫ѩɽˣȥйȥɡҶڵ
ѩɽķѩֻ֮н𵤳Ϊնԣ̫ǿˡ
Ҳúøһ˱ѩصľòǵͷӦá
Ƕ˴ӿ£һرѩϣΪϵķѩϻѩܺ񣬵߹ѩȴʵһһӡһ֮󣬱˳һξ룬պͣ£عͷһĽӡЩѾѩ񣬽Ľӡġ
úȤõĹ˴ǣʦ֣ѩ氡
Һϲѩ졣˵
ǰĴҶԴɽĶҲ
룬ͷҲǡ
߰ɡҶ˵
š
ּǰţһǰһڰѩĴϣӭŷѩǰУͷ·ͨһ㣬μѩ·
ʦ֡
ͻȻͣ£е
ǰĴҶͣ£عͷʵţ
ʦ֣ѩʲôպʵ
Ҷԣʵʬɣ
𣿡
Цǿʦʬթʬ𣿡
Ҷ
ʦ֣˵ܲţһֻ֣֣ץסҵĽţա
Ҷ


30 
ѩ
ȿ, ʦĪ, ʲôѩСҶЦɫɿĿڵ
Ļղһûðο, ɫǿ, ʦ֣˵ֺСһǷֵóġ

ʾ֭ͼοȴҲɵĴҶ, շο, ʦ֣Ҳ£Ҳ¡
ǰڳɡɫȻ

Ҷ:ʦǸˡ
ôʦöأؼʱҶǺϵ, ˵ʦվȥ, ʦȥڳ
ʦ֣Ҳվһȥǰ, ܶա
ѩǼһקĽ, Ҳ߲˰
ʦվڴ˵ĪҶ˵, ȥڡ
룬ͷӦãʦˡ
ȻֻҶһǰȥ, յ΢΢¶ף͵ذγĺ⽣âĺ⽣ѩһ壬һɫĽų˲˵ϵĻѩ, ¶ŵһӡ
գʦڣ
²Ƕʲô⡣
Ҷվγϵĺ⽣·Żؽڣ̧ͷĿ⿴ǰգ͵ʦãᱡ֮˲̫ϧ
ա
ô򵥴ֱԽѩԭҲ֪ѩ˵Ǹʲôԭʼͽڵķʽڳ׵㣬
ʦǼǺץҵĽŰɣ
ʦã㲻ȥǸʲô𣿡ҶɫȻתƻ
Կһۣû˵ʲôȥӵڵϻԲѵһɫŻӣľ˹ȥյȡһɰ׵ƿȡһŻԪӵι˽ȥ
Щ֮տŵŵĻԲѵӣüͷ΢΢Ȼһ룬͵ֺݺݵسһ⣬޳иֺſϾӣžһرر죬رݣ顭
վĴҶ
̧ͷҶջȥܾɫǳԽ͵ֻҪ˵طѩ󣬱캮ķѴܵؼĺϮǲֻڻ˯Ϊľȥ
Ǹ·ֲһֱʦ㱳ǰУ̫ίʦˣԻ취ѰɣһҲΪá˵ŴҶɫ΢ӣϸﰲοʦĪ£δ£Ҳ㶯ֵģַԵ޹ʻ˵ˡ
Ҷ
ˣҷˣҪҶ𣡣
ҶʦùȻǸˡ
ڵϲ˻־ȴѵӣҾʦǺˣ
棬ôѣѵһƲ¡Ŀ⿴ڵϵӵһ˵ţһ֡
ӡ

úݵŮģ
յּϵʱ͵ſ۾һѸٵվˣˣ
˰տվǰӣϳ˵ѵĻͦġ
ӡ
շζĻ²ɵش˸ǲ֪ҹˣ𷽲صĺһƣ¾ɲյĿ˾֣ŮĺúݣҲµ֣
ũʹӣ껡Ӷճ˾ηһḡ˵ɫ˵лȡ
һʯպ˵

Ŀʿ
ԵǿŻԪһʯ˵
ԶʱȻһʯ˽ξ֮𣿵ټĵŮĸ뷽跨ҪӽȲҪƲϵ
ߣŵȵôһˣˣȥһˡ
ҶҲˡ
һɫյҩмۣ޼ۣ֮Իرҡ
³վĴҶĿⶢ俪ڵ
Ŀɻ
һʯĻԪ䲻޼۵ѵҩ³ɻȥѩ֮ȻûˣҲرˡҶĿ䣬ҽȥ
ҶЦһһ˰ǰùˡ
þ֮ջȥղͼĴҶԲһ˵Ϣӣʮ־衣
΢죬𣡣
ʦ̫ײˣ
죬һḡϢϿҵĿǰպʹҶ˵֪ҪȥҵĿҲ
ô֪Ҫȥտʵ
ʱŮޣرòɫŮޡ껶Цֻǰ˻ᡣ
һأͲԱߵĺεȻɱ
껡
ҪҪôС۰
ɱ껣ֻòͼɫˣʵʵһͬǰȥ
Ŀ⿴ȥĿģ
á˵
͡չǾͲˣһ
ô飡еû޷ڣһȥҲǰæģ
Ŷտ
˵ҿԸṩϢ˴˻Ƕ˵ҪȢޣһݻԵһĻԵ
ͣˡտϹתҪߡ
һ֪ǰ˻ĸŵŮ޶˽໥ˣ˵
ն½Ų
֪İ¹ԺīˣͷŽˣҩֽá껸Ͻ˵
յɫ̾һ˵ɵȴĵǰȥĻҿ˵úˡ
Գ֮ʵ֪ǺλԵ
޴ӵ֪ĻԵǿ
տһۣ˵ϰɡ
ԣɫʱһϲΪûô˵ȥɲ˵
лѳȫ˵
ǰֶһ껣;У껵ΪδͬУ
껿һ˵ܵϲҸȥֻ͵͵
꼸ꣿա
ٶʮꣿôˡ껲ʵ
Ŷûʲô˵˵ĻΪꡣ
һʱ

ڵˣ껲˲ͷϵĺ΢ͷǰޱ߰ѩɽ֮۵Ρ۵һޣ׳
Ҳͷ޵
ã羳
ѩɽޱ߱
߰ɡնԵĴҶ˵
Ȼһ˳ȥ
ߺˣפֳɫǣʵ
ó˵ǰԼ
һеջسɫ˵ԶĹͣڴԵƬ̣ǰȥ档
Ƭ֮
һϮȹŮ޴Զ޴󷽣ĸ
ڴ˴ױѩ֮أէһ¼ɫֻǰ·𿴼һյĻ棬յ۾ʹ
йԵŮޣ


31 
ȹŮѸٵĿ, յǰ, ĿϣЦλرɽѰɣ
Ŀ⿴, գգ۾, ʶң
δı棬ŵѴȹŮ޶Ц, λѽ, Ψ˺õȡ
һѣȴñ˵һʱһҲȵáЦݽĵ
ա
˵ôŵȫ, 괦ѩ, ԭΪῴһȺ仰ٵ䵭ıţѵνļ˵Ť̬ˣ
һδٵɡ
ȹŮ޿, ЦԼʱ仹һ, ѿǸˡ
˭, ƫƫλŵѹ߸ϵΪλˣ·أ
ܱȲĺáɫ˵
ȹŮЦݸ, ĿҲӳζȤҿܵÿ죬һñȿɾͼȤˡ
̺䡣ȹŮ˵תͷߵĴҶ˵, λǺ⽣޵Ѱɡ
Ҷɫ䵭ף̳ϡ
̺ԳڴЦһ⽣ɹȻˣһ۽硣
תͷһߵ껣λũʹܵѣ
Եͷ˵ô֪
̺Ŀ⿴ЦһصѰþˡ
Լõ֣۾ʱһ𣡡
Ҫȥصѡ̺ڴЦǰĸߴ껣Ϊʧҳ߶ļٵأ²ǵߵ˱ֳ֣аֳţḡ˵޴ءǸˡ
ĻԽˣҲˣ
ǵֿ̺һۣȻջĿ⣬Ц˵λҽɡ
̳ϡ˵Ȼ
һƬĺѩزͬȴͬգɰ̣Ⱥ̺죬ɽᾣˮȣһɴ
һʢĺɻɻۣҶˮҷ
ա
оǸļ֮ʱĵطֵط˳ʶġ
ǰ˪ˡ̺յ˵ڵڵ㣬λǰĵ档
̧ͷȥֻǰһ˪׵ĹܰˣԶԶű쳣ͬĹһ㣬֮
ҽȥɡ̺
Ȼյ˱˪
˪
һ̤˪ǹԴӽ޴ڵĳǺϮˣһ˲վ÷·صǴѩء
䰡
Ϊڸܵ紺ůӶȥ˻գһεת
̺е
̧ͷȥֻϷһλڷµӣʹëڵѻ𣬵Ƿɫȴ׵ѩĽĿƯ·ıΪһ塣
ģģġ
̲סɣ
Ĵڡ
ʱղŷ֣˪ھˣ۾һȦʮλݲ˫Ůվڵڣôڼᣬȴûһ˿죬ûһ·Ⱥ˲һ㡣
ΨǰϵλĻߣռ
Ǵ˵еջ֮
ɽѵ̺˵
ڱϵջ֮ſۣ۾ģѩɽصĺһ㣬Ŀֱֱ·Ҷȥŵգ¶ȻһÿµĿ⣡
ÿµˣ
ջˣΪ⿴һۣ˲串ȫ˱ս״̬ʱɳ
ǣջֻ֮һ۱ջĿ⣬̫ˡȥã
ǡ̺˵
ȻתλŮ޵λ
¾Щ֣Ǿ̫ƺڶ˵
Ҳûгٵһ絽һأվԼ޹
ڵŮ̺뿪˪һ˪֮
ŮһϵɫҲ˲٣ڵڵʱϵıһ㾯䣬ʶıٴС
̫ǿˡ
λÿ£Ե̲ס˵ÿµˡ
ԣһۡ
磡
һŮе
̧ͷȥֻǰһλȹСŮ׼ȷ˵ǳԵ
ɫ˼λؾ껵ãء
껿ʱϲ˽еأ
أˣ߲ˣ˵
ǰĿⶢµ˲ȥˣ
Ҷ켱ˣض껾һټ籩Ŀ磬Ȼ͵ܳ
Ͳ°·ϱ˸𣡡ؽе
ա
ûˣ˽硣


32 
껱һʹ, ɫڨڨ, С˵ⲻǵ𣿡
, Цһ, ҸС
ͷˣһ˵ȻתͷĿ⿴վ, ֻ˸ɫ, ºţһ·ϼͷչˡ
տͷƲ, Һʦֻǽѩ˳, ˳ͬһ·ѡ
ĻغòƽϢȥɫݺݵصһŲվڱϲҿ, תͷǸº̬, Ҳˡ
˵Цһ, ʵֳ߻¡
ɫؿ˵
˵ҳ󲻿, Ҳ޹֮ˡصֳĲ䲻ͣµµΪΨһÿ߻Ůӿ, һطġ
룬ˣһ·Σʦֶ͵
ҲΪˣֳ´׾ڼУ׼뿪Ű벽˵ţֿЦһ˭뵽ע͵ţ
ʵ͵ܳţˣǡ޽ʢƼʢܴȥˡ
￴˶ʱʧɫҪһȥصԤУǰȺŮǼ֮һǷǷߣһ¶ҪԲ˶ߣȺŮ޿ɲ껼ܺƭסġ
ĶС껵˳ȥ׷껣һȥͳǰȥءȻıûУ˵ıȴһǲҵǱܹҵ
ؽӵ֮һļ٣һ߰æѰ껡ȴǻĺܣ֪֮ػдŸ֪ãñػæѰһ˻Ǳ˷֣ͻᱻǿͻؼҡ
֮ѹû¶棬±˴ţͰԼͨǱؾĴϣúĻѩĺۼϢϢٵıһϷ߹ĵĴҶδܲĴڣֱա
һͣƶϳԭίĿƳһԱվŵͼɵЦɻص껣˵ֳҪҪĻˡ
ԣһûȫ
ʵô鷳˹˵ǹܲס͵ܣǱȣܲˣ
껡
Զʱ𾪣ΪܾӶſͣյĿ˾֣׺ݵŮˣ
ҲĻˣɫǿǲ̫ˡ
ܱȶãҪҪߡ
Ŀɨһۣǿѡ񿳵ȡ
ʿҲ贫ڽӴյ᲻ȣ˵ȣӴԾ޷ա
껡
⻰Űˣʱоһ쬵ģʶļнȣ˵Ҿһһ£
һֱĬվߵĴҶҲƽĿڵǵ²֣ҿһݡ
ء
ʱҲʶɽʦõײУԭлǵĻʱ˻ȥǿЦһ˵ͶλѷģһȥԻףǿֳĿܣȥǡ
һǿһ仰Լֳ汻ײеʦø˵ȡ
ǿ껱ս죬ûз仰
أЩˡæ˵ֻԶײʦã
Ҳɽɵʦòǣ˳Ļ˵Ǳиˣ߶Ŷλˡ
ԣƽ˵ֳɫãǵȷҪϢһ
껡
Ҳ˭ģ
Զ֮
磬㵽״ôײеˡһµ˵ģ㾹Ȼţ
ôµˣȻûŪ
ͬһµı˵أһż㲻װ㶼֪ǸҶͷһ·ɱսսĵһ·Ҷ˵һ䣬±ɱˣ
ء
ûԭ

Ĵ֮޿ޣպʹҶͬһԺ䷿̺Թһѯкһ˵زղ´ڱз
ܺã޿ޡռֱд⣬Ȼֻһʻ̳Ͻ󡣡
㵫ʲ̺䡣
ŵеһָ̫ˣյŵҲҪдס޵ģҪʲôжʱ⡣
̺Ц˵һ·طѩĲС
ζ˵һͬʡ
ζĻ̺뿪ˡ
ϳ˼仰Ǻ˼
̺뿪֮ӭ˽յĵڶλÿ͡
ѡһϮ̳ȹվſڶǰŵ¶Цݣ˵
̸
ֳѾҡؿżɽ˵գȻֳӦ㣬һὫ֪Ϣ㡣
հĿ
ˣ֪Ҳֻ֪࣬һǰĸһԣ֮˻ᡣصⷢʱʾ˻ԵǵĻԵҲĻԵݻԵˣǷһ飬ݻԵ˽õѩơ
ƾѩƣҪκһ顣ء
յҲӦˣνԵҪҪѩƣǰĸŮһǳġ
ѩ£ԵԵòҪˣܹ˺Ǳĺô
˭Ƿһ飬áǰǲûͼֻһ䲻ֻԼԼģºòᣬŷ׷׶
ͨ˺еĹϣԭЩһвԾֵĵطҲ˽ͣĿ⿴һǰأȻҾͲǡ
ء
һʼû仰˼֪ŷӦһȻɵʧЦȷǣΪʲôҲ֪ɣ
Ҳһʱˣ⸱ӷһ֪ǰˣԲŻôǲġЩĸͳ㵽ǡսղŵҿĲСԲὫʱӺһ죬ҲΪ״̬ɡ
״̬濪ʼ˻Եǲ
ŵһûУغ˵
տһۣûУʦֻԾʦִܡ
ԣضʱȻ
ǰɫȻ侲գɽѵľһ㶼ںͳŵ治ںͲµǰںΪʲôأ
֪ɻ󣬱ضشʲô˵ΪûнѹμϣⲢʲôҪɵ񣬶һĻԵ֮ңʧ֮ν
Ǻ˵ȥʶ¡
ɽŴϵ¿˵ǳĵϵ徲ΪϽûУ


33 
Ȼ, ⵽Ǳ˼ҵ, öʱδټȥת˵ڽ, ҪĻ, ʱǿɽˡ
ԼֳǸ˸鷳Ҳ˵زδн˵ͷ, н˵뷨ҲҪϸ, Ҳ֪Էʲô˰ɣֵֵΡԼֳãŵ˳ȥزʮԸͬս, Լֳ, Ҳþܾ˵
Ŀ⿴һۣء˵, ûˡ
ܾ, ˿, ϵЦݸ˼֣ĻǰѰҡ
տһû˵, ԼȥʱһԼˡ
ΪղûЮ󱨣Ͷұյ˴źڶѩڱص, ɳ貨
貨޽ͷʢŮޣһ貨¡
ԽԪӤȴһֱѹΪﵽԪӤʵǰĿѡصľС
ɫ˼Ϊǰ֪ʵ֣ܾðָвڡ
ҲΪѩƣسһµ
ղÿɷ񣬡һѩֵðԻ
Ҫ֪ɿΪǹѡֿ֡
Ҳֵأ˰˵
ҡҡͷ㲻ϲл顣
Ǳ㲻֪ˡص
һ໥̽鱨ȻǱ

˪
һҹ֮ٴ̤ĹһδҶδͬһͬ˪⡣
ҶһĶյʦãһ飬һҾͽȥ·
վǰһɫʦַģһģ
ء
ǻûˣ
һԵ̺ԶʱڴЦǿǵģֲʲô̶Ѩǹˡ
껵ȥһƸȥˣֻÿĶͷ
ͷҳܡض
ŶɫӦ
պһͬȥ˪
ȻǲδˣǴѺõЭ飬ڲ漰˫صĵطֵҲƺΪ߶ԵʣԶ޽ϵһЩ˺²Ǻ˽⡣
λǷŵ飬Ƿһļ֮һΪ˸𡣡صսܵڵĸɵ˵λҩȵ˽£޽Ĵҽ˲˵ԱΪˡ޽˾
صĽܣսڵŮ˸ţֻ˪ʮòͬҫĿŮǾۼ庮˪ڣ԰׺ıɫ٣ĹƺҲ
ջһȦȺɫĲͬòŮޣ벻˵ģ۶ԣ漫ˣǺá޸
õʱǺܶݵģλºڷһ֣ԭΪɫĹ˲ȥعԭɭ䣬š
·ֻصո̤ʱ
һ֣ڶȻŮȻ죬̸ֹͣȻֹ·˸ͻȻһ㡣
λԶһºڷĶĿƯķ˵ջ֮ڸ߸ߵĹϣĿ·Ůޣ
˵Ļȴǰ㺮߲ʡ
ڽʧһС磬Ὣ⴦С磬һȡúڽὫٻءջ֮
ա
ĻһʺţʲôôһǽΪ˸һߣҪָԱ𣿻Ҫֲ鿨Ϸ
Сڵʱ治ͬһ꣬ǲصʱķѡ˵
Ŀ⻷һȦ·Ůޣ飬ǰС硣
յͦģƯ˵ǽǵɵںŪ˶һûĵȻ糣ӣҲ˵ʲô
ҲգһһܹẦ
ваɡ
紫ΣҲʼޣǵ浽侳Żᷢεûκθϵľһ潻

ձ͵˴С磬ĵصһɭ֣ƵĹԼŨҪŨ˼ľ
ѹֻ˵ǻɼ֮ɲһĻڴ˵Ũ°빦һͷҲԪ˧Сʱٰ൱һ꣬һǧʮ꣡
һǧȫԴһ·ԪӤ
ʱǲ˼ȥʱǴУɱȵĦд̼ˡ
գһ㶼ȥʲôֻ
һ󵨵뷨硭
ɣ


34 
С
ôһ˲ɴ, Ҹط, ҵ˺ڽ١䳵ȥҲֻһ˲ѡΪ, Ħнǲ˼ȥǴ, ͺˣûôõģ
еĻ
һԤ, Ҹط, ҲԪӤģֱˣʿǲܺǵֱġ
ԻҪɵ, ȻָжڿҲǲܵ, ͸ɻͻиʽз£ˮѵı
Ȼɡ
ѰиҪǰ, ݺӡ
ֻʮ, ϵ˼
ա
ʮʱ, ʮΪҲֻ
գ
û˵˭ȥС绹ˮİ
ĳ̫˥̫ɧ
ռ˥, ԣ϶ջ֮ɧһƶԥĽջ֮ͷϣϾܹɳԡѡѡڸǡѰԻΪ
ԽйŹ֣ջ֮ôҲֻƵĴ, 뵽ջ֮벻Ǹûһ˿ζ϶С͵ռˡĻᣡ
ԽԽþΪϵ¶Ӱأ
û취ٲҲֻˡ
ȣȴ뿪ɭֿʼ
뿪ɭ֣֮˳ǳء
˳֮յһȥڽϢ˵ֱһݡ
ϰ壬һţӡ˵
ϡ
ļꤵڣһֻ󳪿ճǼƵĶӣ¸пѾö겻֪ӵĸоˣԱٹ֮ʳ
ԭ˴ʿҲֻǱȷǿôһѣûбٹȵʿ뷲˲
һ߶Ŷһ߸п˵Ĳ׼ʹ֮ԽǿҼᶨһźͣòľȻɶƣ
ɶϰʳָ󿪵ţʱﵽ˶壬Ӽһŵеʱֱͻˣ
նδľȻͻˣΪһ桭
ͻƵһ˲䣬Լˣ
ѵνĻԵ
Ȼ
֮Цˣһ߸ľͻƴı仯ȫµĸܣһߵͷ棬ԭ߸ϵһ˲䱻ط˵ĸоġ
˰ƶϴˣվŵĸоˡ
Ʈˡ
ǼˣҲδ롰ˡķ롣
֮£Կ࣬ΪϣԲýѡ
ͬΪϣкԵá
һ߳һ߳ЦԼһѵǱԳô໨˵ȥҪ˸Цţʱ˳ЦͰһͻƵ˦ȥ׼ҲЦ
֮ĨĨ죬˳ھǰǮϰϰ֪ڽ
֪һϰһڴ
ա
Ȼ֪
ҲһʣָҲû뵽һͨϰ廹Ǹδķ˾Ȼ֪ڽʵܻˮѹûȥѰ
鷢չ棬ǰҲΪֻӲͷƤʵŶϰܽڽ𣿡
ɶӺýģⲻ˶֪𣿺ڽ̫ڵ֮һֱڵȴԵ˻˵ڽ֮ձ´Ϳ֮̿աϰ˵ҲǴ˵ѣүүүүû˵˭ѹڽ
գڽ֮죬׼·Ǹ塣
ǲ壬̫ȥһˡ
ϰ塣һı飬Կˡ
ɶӣ
ҾҾǸԵˣ֮壬һӵҼүүүүүүǺڽˣǿĿˡ
үүŰϰһ˵
ǻǻүүүү𣿡մ䲻ɫԸ̫ģ
ϰ塣
˵ô̫Ķ֪
תǧ̫ڵءϰ˵գĳС˰ҪԼ쿪
ţҾǺԼҪȥ̫ڣձʾͬڽôһֱڵңҲõˣϰˣ
ϰ塣
ļҵĹŮĪǿӡ

ɵɵҵ֪ڽ̫ڣ֪ڵԵˣȴ֪ԼǸԵˣ
ںصȥǸΪѰҺڽѵľǡѰҡԼ
ⲻ֪ѵҵڽ֮󣬽ߣ
ϰָ£ǰ̫ڣ˳İ̫¡һ̫֮ڽգ׾Ǵ󵨿ŵչ¶Լһʼͱ¶ԼѵһĴ˵츳·콵ҵͷϿϲ̫ڶ˵İ
ɹһȥ̫ڵڽӲģ䵽顣Ϊܹ˹顱̫һ·˷츽İ©澭ٵᵤֻ˶̶ʮ꣬䶯硣
δ澭Լд˻˻ҳ̫̫ϳϡµĿͷǡΪ·𺮱һĮӵнƯĿòӵһǵĸ߹δ΢˻飬˻֮ĪʮӶʮźߡ
ڳߵ;żȻ̫ڵľ˺ڣһܵ˵ĶʱˡΪ˻˵ķģȻ̫¡̫֮󣬡ֹֻڴ˵еľ츳ǣӵǵġӴߺɣ˴·
ӵ˴˵츳ǡҲģΪ׷˺ڣһ·ľ֣̫һĩĵӽΪŵӡӢӡ洫ӡһΪ̫ڻڳϣ̫ϳϡ
СĹǿжѡǶΪתһ·ľѪڣΪĳĲڶ˺ڵĳ鲻ݣһż¼
Ϊ̫ϵ̫ϳ֮˹ؼһǰȥ˺ڱס
ǰ׵ġ˺ھӸĿĿǰġ÷·𿴳񣬡Ұ㡣
䡣

ߡ
ʲô
ǲмϵ˼
ǲ֪ģ汨硣
֪ʿ͸¶˻ҳ̫̫ϳϡû̫ڳ֮ڽõ̫ϳա
˸ϵıӵ˺ߵĶǡ
ȥ˽̫̫ϳպͺڽġ𡱵ĶǱʾʵȻʶˣ֪̫̫ϳϵĹ֮ѡԭˣǸߡ
Ȼܾˡá̫ھ̫֮ڽǡͷǸ΢˻ĺһĮӵнƯĿòӵһǵĸ߹δޣԭǺˣ
ջ֮
лҪ˵ջ֮Ҳ
Ϊڽʮŭ磬޹·ջ֮


35 
ն̫ڻ̫ϳ, ûڽõ֣
ԭ, Ǻڽ
ԭջŬ, Ǻڽ, ǣǾͺˡ
һʼΪǸ򵥵, ڽ̫, ôһֲ̫ܡΪܹȡߺڽʸ൱, Ȼ̫ڵĵӴ϶, ŸĽԴ˻ȡܹΪڽʸ
̫Ȼ󣬵ǴӦ, Ͼۿɼһɫġڽһֱδ, δֻܱ֮߸󹩷ڽ, úڽ಻ʧΪһ£Լҵӣˮ
õΪֻҪõ˺ڽͿԻȥ, ˽֮Ǳڽ㣬ڽϵ׳޷Ӧ˵޷ڣɭĽ赲⡣
ˣֶ͵ûա
ʹʮ˰, ޷򶯺ڽӮģĵȻ
ջ֮Ҿںҡ
պʱҲûܳɹֻʧȥ
֪ʧ̫ܵŰο˵ڽδϹ㲻ǵһ
Ҳһֲһ䡣
̧ͷĿ⿴ˣа
̫š
仰˼
֮շ·ͺڽһ㣬ŸĽỻǰúڽʸȻÿһζʧˡ
һΣΣΣĴΣΡ
̫ŶˣȰαںڽϣʵ޺ڽһ
㲻òõģ
̫š
⻰û
ΪܹһǰúڽʸòɿʵΪ̫ڳԻȡĹ׵㣬Ϊ̫ŬعʱѾΪ̫ڵ̫ϳϣһ֮֮ϡ
ɵţǿ԰Ǹһ֮ȥˡ
պͺڽʮ꣬ʮڣΪ˴˷С졢ΪߡʵǿһĽޣŵĴ档
¼޽ֵĴĽ츳ٶͬµģͺڽġ
̫̫ϳţһ˶ռȺ֮ԣµ˿ɵУΨһ²ԲԺڽá
ڽĴھĲ㣬ˣԲĽڽȱ
ţڽյĶʡ


պͺڽġáķз۷׷ףʲô˵С
Ϊĵµһ̫̫ϳգҲ̱̫ɽһ㣬Ȼأ
ڽҲΪ̱㣬ʲô
ʮڣСˣӣ̫ˣ
ջ֮˵㣡
СȱΪǽ𵤣Ҳ˵ʿֻڡ
֪֮յһӦҺûҸطͷޡ
ȻںҸطͷûɶ𣬷ûõڽûȥ
Σշˣֻһˣͬջ֮СŮǶûд硣
Ҳ˵еŮǶΪǸͶ˸֮ǵˢЩ˽½˵ĸŮǣʲô뷨
ջ̫֮ˣҪΪսǿͳô类˴ˡ
յΪѾ˽𵤴ԲﵽΪޣԪӤǲԪӤģҲûҪټȥ۵λڹΪ̫̫ϳϣֻҪ룬ʱȥڽǼʲôأڽǣһɻǱ赲֮⡣
ԣȻ¿ɸɣֻÿ㣬¡
ô𣡲ǣ
Լջ֮ˣڽ˵գЦһҺͲ죡
ŪҲҪ뷨̫ʮΪԭдǱ˻ҳ̫̫ϳϡ˭ˡ
ջ֮
һڶ죬˻ҳ̫̫ϳϡ޽磬һĳ̶ȡ
ôʵ죬ʵΪնԺڽġá̫ˣµԭ;Ǹ¡
ϣһ²̫ڵĳһ飬Ȼǡ˻ҳΪ̫̫ϳϡ˺˵Ǿ仰𣿡
һʵڽϲ޽˾֪ǡҰ㡱˭
Цһ֮⣬κεõڽĶ
š
ǷӦΪźг͵Ӱȫպֹ֮˿ڽ
ıڽ˵ĺذ˵Ļ̾ȥˣдˣ´˭֪ʲôأ
ҵŵ˵ÿʮһε˽յӴἴʼβ֣
Կһۣһ£Ȼп˵ҲС
Ҳ޲ߣû˷
ǾͰгˡĿĴɣ˿Ц˵

˽硣
ľһ
̫عķ亢ͯΪӣλǰ̫ڵӸȺǰѡķ˺ͯ߱ᱻȥ̫ڡ
տһǰŵϳȺʱüĳ鶯£òԵʲôʱȥ
ͷԵ̫ڵӽң㶢ŵ㣬ȥ
ǣϡ
ձȥˣ̫ϳͦˬģĳѽǲ֮⣬ûκβˡ
ڳĴйţĿ˳ǳأھһƫƧĹսǵʱ
ƾҲȥԵǹӦûĸһˣֵһȭߡ
ʱͣ˽ŲǸֵ֮ȭԼ̵ͯƺɫȻȥ˵תĵطȥ
ô㻹Ҳ
˵ȭͷҪµĺͯȥһֻϸƾճ֣ץסȭͷȻ͵һһҽУʹİ֣ҵְ
ֱ۶֣ɫĿʹధеˣĵȴɫ˫ֻ۸С֣ҪҲգ
ҴˣҴˣʦҲˣĵ
ոɴ۶һ˫֣
ʹŤ˲ҵ󣬼һСˡ
ʰŰ֮ͯתͷǰӰǸŰͯӰȫںڰӰﱳŹ˿ͯüȻ˵ɣ

ԡ
ǸͯʹͷûԼʵʵĲӰ
㲻˵ô֪뻹ǲ룿˵Ŷ˸㣬Ǵ˴ǰ˽յӵ̫̫ϳϡ

ֻһΣ˵û㡣ա
лҪ˵գ㿴ҶôˣôҲ˰ɣ㵱սѰҲѰ
ڽ
գȻѾͱô⣬Ҹ߽㿴㰡̫Զ˿壬ܲѳʲô֪ɡ
ڽ룬˽
գ
˵ȥͼǿڽ
ڽɽƻɶŮˣ
ӴˣҲ޷ڽڣ˵ʲôڽˡ
ڽգһֵεóڻԵĽƻŮˡ


36 
ӰｫԼصʵʵĺͯ仰, ̧ͷ, һ˫ڵǴ˲Ӱ˫۾͸Ĺ, վǰкϷ·Ϊһ, ɳߡ
Ļʱ΢΢Ц, , Ǳ߰ɡ
ǰİϸɾ֣򴽣Сĳȥ, һֻСЩֳ΢ĴӰ̽Ե
պںһץס, ˵̫ˣȻǾҪץסᣬԥԥѶհǰ˺ѳɴ
һӰ˳, ûϵ˾ٶĺͯ⧲˳, ײײǰ˼, ͣǰĹâ˫۲ʵ΢ͷͷĲ񷣬ûһ˿, ޻һŵࡣ
մǰͯȻݹ״һ·ȴһòδͯüĿ续, ϴ˵ҲĿ㣬رһ˫۾ռӡһ˫ں̶Ԩﲻӣ̲ŵȼ˵Ļ͹⡣
պض
ֻһۣ˶϶
߰ɡǣ֣̫ڵפȥ
ǣסֵĺͯϸֳһ˿ԥͳɣû֡
ǣųĽֵǰȥ·һ˵Ŀˡ֮ССսץס֣СĿڵҽн
֡տ
̧ͷһ˫ڵ۾·ڵȴʲô
ԳƺΪϡ˵
һ˲䣬˫Ǻҹ̲ӵ˲䰵ȥʧȥ˹â򴽣һϡ
գô仰͸һɾǿĲأ
СѶ
մŽȥ̫ڵפأ̫ڵĵӿȥһ˾ʹһĺӻʱˡ
ϣǡӿԵĽѯʵ
ûн͵˼ֻǶƽȥ
ǡ̫ڵĵ
ȥտɫǿץֲҲ϶Ľ˵ɱҪ
̧ͷĿ⿴һۣ򴽣Ȼʹͷɿ֡
վԱߵ̫ڵӼ״æ˵ߡ
ſյ֣̫ڵĵǰȥ
Ƭ֮
̨ǱߣһƷ
̧ͷǱ߿һۣ뵽·ŰͯǰѼţʲôѪ顣޽.ѪգͬĲмߡ
·Ǹǡ;װŴС
գҲŲɣ
̨
ɫĮûʲôĿǰѵĸ̫ڵĵӣƽʵƷ𣿡
ʣǸţѵһţ̫ڵޱȼ˵̫ϳϣһȥܴؾš
¶յױȵĳݺŷ
Ǿ仰ϳһ˿Ҳ𣿡
ʲô̫ڵʶʵŷӦе˼˵ǣ̫ϳ˫ǸӺǣѵһĽ޹ţ
ɫӶݣһ䣬ţܲܰΪʦ
Ļ鼤ѵ̫ڵӶʱˣð֮˵ԣϴδչͽ
ǳϴģ㲻һ̫ڵ˵Цο㻹Ǹš
仰ĮûʲôĿСϺ¶һ˿Цݣţ
ϡ̫ڵӸջǸǺƷ
յ˵ͷ˵ȻǱ㽫һͬȥС
ǣ̫ڵ
¾Щ֣ƺǺ̬Ⱥ䵭ӣǴɣԴοǻǸš
˴عյһվ˲֮ձŴյµһͬۻȥ̫ڡ
̫
ص̫ڣ̫ڵĵӽЩյĵӰȥȻǰȥš
ս˴յӵţ˵յĵһƷӣʱȲѣʮǰգʱҲǸڵŮ˭뵽нգ̶ʮ꣬Ů޽Ľס
ǺճƷ²Ǹա̫¸п˵ˣ㽻Ұɡ
յ˵ͷתȥˡ
ص֮һ㡣ÿճǰ򿨣ÿһմƭڽ֮ͻȥ̫ɽš
㱾ˡ
Ǽɹְ̫ڵһΪ̫ϳϾΪһ죡
̫ϳϵλ⣬ŹֻҪһڰΣţʲô鶼Ҫһܵȫһյ˼֮ܲ·ˣԸϽıչȥԼ޽һĽףȻɹתְ̫ϳϡ
ǽմһࡣ
ҸǶݵģջûɼ죬̫ڵžˡ
ǰкָ̣տǰλ²ţ°ʲôȻſҸίβʧòľܾ
ҲûȦӣֱ˵Ǹôã
Ļջһ㹦˵ǽȻôãôá
š
ôã
룬˵ĸֱףǷΪͽ
ԣһȣô뷨
ɫ٣ֹѵˣ
ǺģǺƷͽҲǲѡŵ
ҲֱԲʵûͽĴ㣬Ȼһֻ׷Ѱ
ݵλʲô˸治ˣǰտʼ̫ɽʱžίͽһ뷨̬ȼᶨľܾˣõҲɡȻźҲû˵ʲôһλǿƽ뷨ܸġ
֪ղͽμϣȻźҲû˵ʲôֻǵȻˣ⽭ұţʷǷںüġ
մˣİҪ֪һ
ν˵㰲űãĻԵǰûֹ
ұˡ˵Щ
Ʒıĺãպǵڶգպ̫պͽ򣬻кξ£
ҰĲŵգȥʦ顣
պ
ôˣһԵĿٴεŵţʵôˣ
һ޿ı鿴˵㵱治ͽ
棡պԥ˵Ϊʲôɧǿû鷳İá
ĻϱӻҰˣ쳤̾һ䣬ЩŶôѸ𣡡
ա
Ų
ſһ޿ı˵ܾΪͽĵ
⺢Ӻտ޵˭еܾһȺġ
Цһɲ㣡
ա
лҪ˵գҾ˼Σհ


37 
̫;, һʦ, һͽԭһԽŪýѡ, յı鶼Щˡ
ա
ʲôǿǿΪ, æοǰݲʦϵ, 㿴ҲҲûʦ𣿡
յ̫֮ǿѸٵ, ̶ʮͨӵ̫ϳϵĽʦʲôģֻ˵δü, üʱѾûҪˡ
˵, ̫ſı͸һѾˣ㵱˶㣿
̫żҲֻôһ
Ҳأսƻ˵, ޾ԡ
̫̾˿, û˵ʲô
˴ǰĿľ̽̽յĿڷ, ɻǲͽҲֻա
뿪֮ϵɫ˼û뵽Сӻг, ΪԶǿӽĮȫǸˣµ
ͽǲܵģºСˣҪ뿪, ǲҪ̫ȥ֮һϵ˸飬Խʱ˺Խ㣬δûԭڡ
ԵĽʦҲֻǺԣܵԳĶ֮ͺˡһʶҪʲôһܹõʶ֮ͻʵʵ룬ôܺĴڡ
ŵվͽ·Ժ󣬲ȥǼպȴոı⡣
պ
ճȥŸӽΪ̫ڵ̫ϳÿ»ᶨʱȥеӽҲΪ̫ڵ̫ϳ֮ٵǰ¶ʱ򣬴󲿷ʱ̫ɽլš
һ˽ãλϣյĿһɨ㿴ǰŵĽ
һ̫ѩ׵۵Ľ˹ʸɾ˳Ⱦʫ续һ֮ͯǰСǸӰСˣȫ޷ϵһ
˵ɫοõĶã
·ŵĽʱ򣬽Ҳڿ۾ڵķ̲ĳֻһĶŸ߸ϵգ侲ִš
սһڿĿרעִš
֮ձ뿪ˣ˳ȥݷ÷ЩҪ顣ڽ̫ڹòҲͷˣûҪ顣ĺݣֻʱĺݱáȲǾͲҪϣ
·Ŀ뿪ͷβûиһһĻͷ·СΪλأе󣬲⡣ĲΪҪںΪζŲʣ
һֱֱӰʧĽδߵֺݺݵս
ݷ˷֮ձ׼ȥ̫ɽ
ɽһ֮󣬱ǰһΪ츳þ˲𣬰ʲôֻлŵŲţ˵ʲôǣ
仰ձüͷ⻰˵δ̫ݶˡ
ӿ˲ӳǰȥ߽˲ſ壬ǰ̫ڵΧŹһ͸С̫ڵӡ
ǸΧŹˣȻǽ
˵̫ϳΪʦΪ׵ǸЦһҲԼʲôˣǸҲ
㲻̫ϳּèҲԼˣϿ㣬ô㿴һûУҲ飡
ΧŹϣϴ˵Ľڵϣڷڶǰס۵׵ɫϵıȱĮȻڵϣϢű䡣
żȿС
ա
⣬еۡ
Ⱥ֮󣬼ȭкȥһߴһΪҲ֪ʲôΪܴ̫ϳϣһȥã컹ûȥˣռǰõλãʲôã㿴ж࿴һ𣡡
գҿüۡ
СĽڵϣȭ߲ɫƺߣվٿȥǻǸˣ
Ǹ˵յֹȵס֣ʲô
ĺǳ⣬Ⱥڴ˵Ƕʱһ
ֳĿɨһۣžͽͬţԴСԶ۹ѣ

һȺ˿ʱɫҰףҿ
з轭ʱ˵ԽǰͷĴ׶죬һԴżֹȡ
տ⸱ʱЦϢ͸۸Сȥһٴޡ
ĻһȺ˵ɫˢһ²ɫ촽ס
ȴǣԣǲܽѵ֪ڸģպҲһȺССͱ֪¶²˵
ǰȥǰ
ڵϲĿͷ͵ĸˡҲˣĮȻˡ
ˣղɵ̾˿վǰӸµĿڶˡ
һ㣬ҪҪߣ
˵ţճ֡
̧ͷ¶һ˫ĵ·ĳֶһĿ⣬ûֱӻشɳʵȻ𣿡
ʣ治ɫ˵û㣬ǶҾͲ
ңҶ㣬ѵͲ׷ȳʲôģ˵

ƺǱĳ仰һ㣬һ˲ͬƲհȻʣ˵öԣܽˡɳ˵ֻ֣Ҫߣұһֱ׷Ѱ
ա
ҷ˿ɲԣ
ܸоԼƺʲô˵ĳŵЩ̫ĸоǻѳڡ

̾˿Ȼץסսǰ֣С΢΢ĲϣպҪڡ
սӵҲûϵڡ
עҪٴζ⺢ӵģʱ鵽ʱ˵ɣǸʱҲѾƫִҲǸʱѾɳΪһǳˡ
ʵȷӦҸʦжԷչһ˲ղòˣִ̫̫˷ģƺֻҪһûͱ˸۸ˣŵ츳
ƺδй˳Ҹʱÿտڱһ˺ۣõҲ̫ټޣԲŻոһ⣬ͽץš
ԣʱ򣬸ůͰ⡣
Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ӵֻǶƬ̵ҸҲδòһ
˪
ŵûһ˿¶ȵĺڣǸ߸ϵıϣпڷѩص˫Ŀ΢΢£ѻŨܵ۽ë΢ںϰ޳ָ
ظεˣ̶㲻һƫԭеĹ
̫
Ҳڡ
ǰͬհҫ۶ȫעӵŮӣᶨǹִԶᡣ
лҪ˵գ⺢̫ˣˡ
ϹȻ

գݣ·ˣ


38 
սȥ̫ɽ, Ըͯȥϴ˿ںҩ, һõϢžˡ
㲻˵ͽ𣿡Ŀ⿴˵ȻǺΪͽ, ͲҪڽӽ
һ, ź֮ǰ뷨һģͲҪϣ
տ, Ҹı, ͻȻиͽҲ
š
ˣǰġ
ɫ죬ʵʲôı⡣
һʹı鿴, ˵ƽ۸С, ÿһӶδĻ䣡
ִݻĶдʵӽտʼ԰
š
Ǻܶ仰˼¸пϲд˷޽޵г˻ҳ̫ڳϡ, ˵˸Ī, Ѷ
Ȼ, ҲûʲôȰģԺõ㡣̾һ˵
仰ʱˣ˵Һҵͽһ
, δ˵ֻĿ˭˴Ųܲһ£
ա
ʱϺҩĽ˽תƻŽֽе, ʦ
һɣȻɵĶŽһʦ
֮󣬹˳ߵԡ
Ŵȡһ̣Խʦļ񡣡
Ĵæδü׼ǸľͳȥЩᡣѾˣſվԵĽο룬Щδϣȥ޽ܱûߵǿ
վûֱտڡʦģ°ɡֽӹ˵лʦ
ʦ㵹Ǵ󷽡տһỴ֪̈İ֮תͷҪúҪʦΡ
һ֣صĵͷţһŬġ
վһԵš
ôԻֵֹģ
ʲôʲôû˵ֻǶ˵һ䣬úô
ղͷĳŰ˰˵Æ£ͽȻ
֪ΪǸô̵أ
վԵĽرĵͷͬܺá
š
һ˳ɻˣʦͽء
ĪʦͽĶ񶾾籾ŶʱЦˣͺá
뿪֮
ϣҪΪͽ𣿡̧һ˫ҹǵһգգĶǰգʵ
տ˵һֱ
Ϊʱ䲻ش𣬽ԭ򶨵Ȼɫסˣ¶ͽţɫҲ𽥵ʧȥѪɫò԰ס
ռ״Цһ⸱黹ССװʲôˡ
ûҴΪͽܣΨһĵӡˬĻش
ץеص㣬ʵ˵ֻΪͽû𣿡
һ͹鷳˵ģҪʲôȻ˵ֲеûŰ鷳
ԶʱЦˣЦ촽΢΢¶СУر𪾫µϻ
ռ״ʱ۾һ޵ЦͦÿԺЦЦʮ١
ôһ˵ɫ˲ȥЦʧָֻƽĮ޲ʦղϷŪ𣿡
ա
ϷŪʱˣĸղָĸղš
ȰΪʦΪʦ縺̵Σѧʲôתƻ
Ҳ˵ʦһͬϰ
𣿡Բδ룬ֻǸп㵹ͬԵ֡
յĽ壬һ䵱ǿ
ѧ֮ģչƻҪһǽУΪʦ㴫һ׽Ƚɡյ
Դ̫֮ɽһˣնһͽܣͽϢССľ̫ں޽磬Ͼտǵ޽罣ףͽǷοʮǰձųͽͽǲܵģⱲӶܡĻ
ڣգ㡣
ԶӲ㶨ɡ

һͽ֮վҲˡŹ֡ʵϣ˽ͽ֮յĸˡΪʵ̫ʡˣֹʡģģ
Ʒţֹǿ󣬾ҲѣǷѹŻ𰮲֮ģ츳ղˣѾǵڶաǵ̫ʱп̫ڣǰսн
пգ°ɲʲôӣŪѡҪ䲼ǸѰҪǺڽ̫ڣղŲ̫ڡ
̽ţڽǺʱɺ˷̫ڽ󣿡
⣬ںܾǰڽˣҲ𲻳˵
ԼǾĲźڽģÿŸпͽ̫콵ŵʱĲ˵ҰοȻǸٵ콵ţǽİʵҲǲˡ
ᵽͲò˵⺢̫ˣ
ֹԸǷǷн°빦һ̾ͻᣬɿ죬رʡġոӷģѹûʲôָֻ̽£ʮˡ
񲻹ʮһ꣬ѾΪ
ٶȱȵջһ㣬ǴŽʮ𵤰
еٶȾ̫ڣΪϵͽܣʤ
̫ڴſʼµλϷϲýǸյľţ̫ư޽Ϊµһָտɴ
Ψ֪ЦʧȥЦݡjpg
һֲõԤС
Ϊررʡ֮⣬ҲһԴ̫ɽ̷֮յĵͯ¸ʧҵˡȵͯģ֪յ󰮺ϰߣܹʵʱ֣ҪĶҲȵֽͯո˵Ҫʲôһ뽭Ŷˡӵһֵͯ󼰵ĸ߳գһֺòˣյĿζ嵭ھ̿ڡ
̷֪յĵͯͷʧҵˣȻʧҵˣ
𾪣ί
ջعֵʱѾֱ֡ϸһ㣬ۣȻعȴѾķ棬޿ײ롣
оԼ챻˵ա
ֻһգ޾Ǹ޵Ķı
ҲûʲôõģͽТʦѵ쾭ֻ˼˼һ£ͷˣİõܽġТ
ʱпԼͽյֵ̫ˣֻûգܣ
գѾǸˣѾ벻ҵĹͽܽˡ
޴ã޴ģһ㡭
ôź죿ʮʱնſµӣ˼˵
ԵҲҳ̫ͨƽʦɡ
ʱһһѾı鿴ͨƽŽſϾӣĵҪϵˡ
ʮʱ
ĺ죬Ϊʦ϶Ŀⶢƶ˵
˰ȻƵʵʦںδ
ǵˡա
ʮʱ
ͽܣΪʦһա


Ļڽʮ֮ÿ궼Ҫ˵Σ˵ĽһʼԼ˵ľʼ
ֱʮһһꡣ
ĳһ죬żȻһؾڣνսһԲѷɱ˶ᱦʿһϮѩ׵̫ڵۣվؿ֦Ҷɭڣγ˪һбϵǰʿȥºڷȻ̬ԼǱ信ĶĿԵӣ͵ػյԺ
һһźͽһģһȴҪӱ飬Ưͬ˵ӣյԺ
Ϊʲôڲŷ֡
ջ֮һģһ
лҪ˵գΪʲôڲŷֽһջ֮
Ϊֻջ֮氡ʮǰ档
дʣջ֮뺦ң֤ݣңұһˣ϶ɽɣ
ջ֮


39 
ͨˮؾڽźջ֮һģһ, Ϊǰûֽջ֮һ, Ϊʮǰջ֮
ǵġ
Ǽջ֮˶޷ǸϿĿ෶, Ǹ˼֮ӡ̵, ֻһ涼޷
֮Ի޷ջ֮뵽һΪǸ, һͬ, ûκƵĵط
ȻĮ룬ģǸѪ, ӵ˵ϲŭ֡յƤӳ, û˱ոӵĮ²ŵһࡣ
ջ֮˪ڵ, ǸεӲ纮޷ڻ, ûһ˿, ûһ˿ζĲһˡ
Ȼͬ޸ϵˣ˭ܽ뵽һ
ƫƫ, ȴ޷ӵ֮ͬ
Ժûˣȴֲòȥ˼Ƕ˵ĹϵˣǻǸͬһˣ
Ľȥǣͬһˡ
ֻǰһ, ҩ裡ЩԽ飬սΪͽʦý˲ˮɨأճͷϷԿ
ջֻ֮һʹȥˣѽ
գۣһ᲻ᱻɵ
ԭΪǸĸ侪ֲƬ
ȵô˴ؾȵĿףؾڳǰȥݼԼʦʱ򣬿ıһҰ޿
ʱ˵ʦǲˣ
һԵһʱĿڵ˵һʦʲôɲ˵ģ
̧ƤһۣȻޱˣΪʦˡ

Ȼܲˡ
ü壬ٱɫǵĿʦǺ㲻𣿡
ķֲ˭˰𣿡
޽һף˭ܵһ
ŤͷһĿҿͲˡ

ŤͷŽ˵ҿʦͦõģϽ
ԶʱһЦ˵ʦҽؾڲһЩ㣬ȥҸȫΣ
գնʱһмΪңҿûջ֮ǹȳһģһ
Ӵϣͽܹİؾڸ㲹㣬ɲץѺô󹦷ɣһԵֲ
ա
㻰࣡
Ŀ⿴գҡҡͷ˵ץֻҪĺרע

ô˵ʱһĵ˵˭ûץ㡣ǰʱҲͼץȥǵŮޣ߶˼켸ҹûܴһȻŮҲû׷ڷܺõʦָᵶᰮ׷ˡ
룬ʦҪ׷þķˣ̾˿Ҫнʦʲôʦ׷ת뵽ʲôʦ׷ͺˣŹԼȥ⡣
գվԼǨŭ֪޹ʿǿĶԽ˵ͷãǵö
ϵЦ״Ӧá

ؾףԾʵһѹȺӢĽص̫ɽսۻۣһʱһȫ硣
ڳԣǺġ
ĳȫ磬Եһ㣬֮˲죬Խմ˵Ϊʦ򣬾չһ󣬽̫ɽݽ
˵գ뿪ȥչˡһ仰˵ڹ˺Ϊܣε顣
ת뿪ıӰüͷʱ𣬰첻֮¿ʰղҲԡ
ϱչӵգ˼⣬ԺԽԺ̬̬ȣа˳ɵİսջ֮ͬһˣͺˡ
վõСؾ֮󣬿ȥдͽС֮ҳʦ𡷣һᳩ޽ġ
֪˽ջ֮Ĺϵ֮նԼʼ޷ȡúڽԭ´ˣںڽȻһѰջ֮ľͺܿˡʮɵİգè壬ԲѰҺڽô򵥣ĵõ˺ڽҲ޷뿪С硣
Ҳᣬ֮ǰζԴ
Ĺղͨ⣬ǾǡάԭǰôԺô
ǽջ֮ջ֮
û˱ոˣȫȻͬˡ֮ʲôϵ˶ĨɱĴڣһˣҲ̫̣̫ˡ
٣ڽǽʱ򣬽ǽ
ջ֮˭ղʶֻʶĺͽԺջ֮ӵμ䣬۸ռˣҪ鷳ȽͽʲôϵǽôΪҪݹӽʲôĿģǲ뺦ǣƨ£
ţ
ΪԼĻǵޣһ֮ͨ;ܹĺͽأңеСأ
һ뵽ƽϷŪԹβٵĺͽһǴħͷ͡;ú˷Ŷ
ͻȻ
һºճˡ
ʱͨ⣬ȻżȻչǾͲҪ˷ıչһˣٳصʱѾһºˡ
ճ죬һųȥ㿴˵ȺһϮѩ̫ڵ۵Ľ
ʦ𡣡е
տ΢΢Цһ£˵㵹׼Ϊʦճء
ԣû˵Ȼչÿǰ˵Ⱥ
뵽ɫܾʦαչйŹ֣ʦյǲԡ
ղδɫ쳣أΪԼ֮ǰȻ䵭Լӱܣջ֮ġԣպĶԽϸΪʦΪһ½
һеֱдͳ벹ʹҵǳֱˡ
Ҳϰһף˳ƵͷӦ
Ȼվ׽
վһĿרעĿʹӰһգգ۵ֻһ˵Ӱ
Ƚ֮˽һ䣬ɶˣ
ͷˡ
Ȼʦͽ˾׽̽ã°⣬ĵţžʡģѹʦŲա򽭻ĿҲԽ⣬Խˡ
ת뵽пջ֮ջ֮ǿǸұƣܲ𣿲ջ֮óȴǽһֱϵھ¡
뵽ɫ˼Ž˵ѧ𣿡
ԣɫһ٣Ȼԥ˵롣
ա
زˣϵھµѧ
лҪ˵ջ֮ɵҽʲôϵ
ջ֮ɱԼ


40 
һϵŽ̳˽ǿ, ĸеŹ֣һ㶼ûие, Щ̣˭ջ֮ʦġ
Դ֪˽ջ֮Ĺϵ֮, ƹˤ, һЩһ趨ͦеĸоֻ룬պջ֮˽ļ, ֪Լ캰ʦ, Ǹʲôо᲻ɱˣ
ң͸ع
, Լʦֵֹ, ֻĿ⿴һ·ץСӵĲЦݡ
ûʦɣ
ʦûԱգʵ̫ˣŻָ糣, °һ, ձչ֮ǰ쳣ǵġ
ؾһ֮Ŵȡ
Ŵ֮
̨Ϸ, ӸµĿ·̨һ·ӮĽ¶΢Цͽ, бķ緶ԽԽϲȫṆ̀ĸ̬
Ե̫ҲпսҲ㡣
Ҳսһ㣬һ·ʤƥеǿƶ˵Ӵȵĵһ
׷ͽĪ̫˵
΢΢һЦ, رбƸ˵һ䣬νʤ
Ƶ価װơ
󽭻˴˴εӴȵһʱźλ⣬һ֮еıԵرȻ糣
ŽӼ½ĵӴȿףͰʵÿĵӴȿ׶һҪΪνΣ
ԣԥ˵ȥܺڽ

Զʱɫ죬˵ʶľתͷԱߵգǲָʹͽ˵ģ
ʵϣ˵ɫҲܾȣû뵽Ҫ˵Ӱ죬ܣڵģնȻϣ޹ء
ֻ˵ڽͽ֮ϬԵǧῩʲô顣ճ˸һ޹ءĿͣŻһм񣬷ƨҲţ϶йء
գ̫ˡ
̫ŲŲŽҪûܵӰ죬Ž˵ʦҲҪ󡣡
˵գ̾˿
ա
ϼһҾңвĵ̫ţҪ˵˵Ǿ仰
յв̫ʶȤĽǾ䡰ϧʦ޹顱˻ȥǺͰ׵ʽˣ⣿
ɫ䣬ֵѾ
ȻˣǱ㡣̾˿
Ƚ˽֮
ź͸Լһڽ⣬ȴ
ͲͽܣƳһ˵
˵кκõĵģûΣա
ʱͺǺˣͲͽӴ˴ܴһ겻񣿡
û˱ڽѱŵ
ͽûǰ⻰Ͳˣôұܾ˵ٱˣҲûҴܴһ겻񰡡
Ϊ㲻ˣն˵˻ȥܣʧ˼ٱ黹𣿡
Ҿҡա
ҿǲͽܡš
Ļʱ˸ۣǵͽܻͽܣҼһ
㻹˵ʦľһ㶼ͽܡҲ˵ǷյĴǼʶξľ΢չգʱ򶼾ʦͽݵߵˣչʦزҲټġ
ԩգԸںڽ꯳ɳٴΣսŰŰս֪ڽѱݽǰȥշڽͲ´Ӱ쵽ĵġ
û˱ոڽշˣǽǸ⡣˵ܹշڽ˽ûˡãڽڽôһֱδҲڵȴĳˡ
ǲܺ˵ģֻóưͿϹʲôͽеšն̫˵
̫ԶʱЦһⲻţԸһԸŶô궼û飬õǺ
أմĻ̧ͷ˵ˣΣ
ԣ˵ˣҾͺڡ
仰£Ŵ򿪣˫źڽĽӸ¥߳
ճһĵĻʱɫһ㶣ΪʦˣһʱҲҲǣ
⣬źʦڣŻ᲻߳ŭιȥ
źڽѵʱۼĿе
̧ͷȥһ˫ŵǱϣϵɫ͵ؽӲ
ͽҲеĺڽˣôͺڽϰٴνĲ죬ǻɻҲϵã˺ڽһɹȻ˵ĸоڽôȻڵ
գòԩ
˺ڽն˵ŤͷɫӲ̫źǺղ˵ʲôţ

ϵıӲˣմӵۣһûı飬С˵־޺޵
˼ңҵȷСûվС˵
ʦ۸ˡ˵
ԣдʵ۸ǸسŵĻᡣ

ŵҴδ˺޳֮ˡ
գŻĲ鲻ԸضձĽһڡ
԰⡣
ص̫ɽ
ʦ𡣡˫źڽָ˵ǿߣ˽ɿ
Ŀⶢð֮ЦһͽΪʦ֪Т˳⻰ΪʦЦ𣿡
޽˭˲֪ҿڽȴãǿҡյ
Ժԥ˵Ϲ
ڽ
ڽί
Ҳû뵽˵仰һ£ðŻعЦ𡣡
ǿŤĹϲȿϱҲΪ赭д
ڽ
ô⻰͸һɰ滵ζ
ڽһݺң
üͷʱ𣬿кڽĿʱơ
ڽݺң
ΪʦãǱ㲻شˡ赭д˵ŵĻ
Զʱһۣ⺢Ϲ˵ʲôʵҲգȻ㶼˵ˣ⺮ڽҷΪʦ⼸졣
ڽҾҩ衣
ԣüͷչڽ˫ַϡ
ֽӹ£˷С磩ĵһڽϣ˼ۣջĿ⡣
ҲˣΪʦȥϢɡϸĶԽ˵
ɫЩ¶ЦݣӦǡ
Ƚתȥ֮ŤͷͶϵĺڽһЦ䵽ˣ
ڽӴħͷ֮֡
˵Ҹαأգ㣬㣬أ
ڽɣӭӿ׼
лҪ˵ڽҵȴ޷õҵģ
գǵõĵ˲Ҫˣ͸ˡ
ڽQAQһ


41 
õڽϢ˲䴫޽, 㱬ȫ޽ʿ, ϾҶ׷˻ҳ̫̫ϳϡˣͶ̫ڳտڽõ˺Ͱ, û뵽ǵԵĹϻк, ̫ϳûܵõˣʱͽܵõˣ
ھǸʲô飿ͽܺᵶᰮ
Ƿ˵ϵͽܱ㣿², ϻ᲻, ֲкӡ
˼̫ˣ˵ȥδļ̳أ
˵˺Ѿ²ıơ


Դķз, Щеûµʿ˵ĵ, ·һ㣬ͺʱҪ޶ΨһĵְΪ̫ʵ̫ڵŶѯա
̫һ, Ϳ˱ָһԿǽ˼ĺڽ, ʱ, ѿڶѾԽ𣡣
ա
˻ӺζղԵĿʵ
̫ȴһʹļ׵ı鿴ʹ˵ﲻʹ, ҲܶͽְһΪʦΪ
ա
ձɵ˵ҵĸӲ
ĵջְ֣֮֮õĴ£, ;ˬ
˷ܣ̼
Ҳܶ´˶ְ̫ŹǱ̼ˣ˵Ҳԣ㲻Ϊͺ
ա
˵ʲô
ð֮ղŴ̫߼ĺ˼Ϲ˵ͽܺúõġ˵
̫һŵı飬㻹ϣ֤ȷ䣬ôϣ
֤ģա
ǲǣ̫һָָǽ˼ĺڽʹļ׵û뵽㾹ȻˣΪһѽܹͽ˶֣֪գҡҾӦֹȥսΪͽҲڡں
ա
˫ĿϵĿϷ̫ˣġ
⺮ڽҹͽТ˳ҵġ˵Ҳ̽ңһΪһͽ֣οͽТ˳»ƽ⣬ŵҲҲôõͽܣôẦ
棿̫ĿҪһ֤գǡִ̫̰ųϽ˺顣նںڽִ̫ţִŵ̫ºڽħ
棡֤⽣ٺҲģͽģ֪ʶȤ꺮ů
˵ˣһѣû⽣ѵҾͲµһ𣿡⻰˵ʮ͵ݻ
Ҳ֪Ǿ仰˵̫ţɫһ㡣һɣϰԵ̫ųǱָǽǵĺڽ㻹ȥͽܵĽ
ⲻͽТ˳˵⽣ɿһҪңҪǲҪ˵ȲʦǾûڵıҪҪֻô̫ڵ֮٣ԾֻΪѵˡһҲΪѵɫ˵
̫š
㣬ʦͽ㣬˭û㣡ǾʦͽһϽ㣬ɡ
ɵɵô֪ʦͽʲôУΪҪ顣̫ɫǿĶ˵ʦͽ˵飬Ǹ˾ͺá
ԣҪܹܡ̫ŻһתǴĿ⿴գ飡
ա
¡
ʲôԡʵ
Ȼ̫žͽ޽紫ķз˾֪Ըתһ飬˵ıʾ浽˵ҪΪڽֲкͽܡ
̫Ȼ֪սӲм飬粻֪ԼνʵǽһƽҲͺãһ飬վ׵ֲкӵġ֡
Ҳյԭ
һЩʿôģеûŵ𣿡
룬Ȼ˵ģһᴦ
õı֤̫ŷĵ뿪ˣյʵŵġ
º
һΪͽ֮ǿȢµһˡĻϯ޽磬Ȿųǡ˻ҳΪ̫̫ϳϡĻ޿赲Ļȶը޽硣
Ҷǵ׷˻ҳ̫̫ϳϡⱾ񼶻ˣû뵽Ȼ뵽޽紫ķз֮ͽշ˺ڽϢʱ͸Ѱζˡ
򣬲ˣ
̫ž޿ѵգҾԺԿдԼ
桢Ѱࡢԡ̬ȣȫ޽ʿⱾΪͽ֮ǿȢµһˡ
ֻдǰ˵Ϊ׷µһ˺ڰ̫ڣҴֵ˳Ϊ̫һ֮֮ϵ̫ϳϣȴ˺ʱ򣬱ܾ
ұ£κһƬȴܾġƬ䷲˽硣˽磬һıŰȴӵһʴĺͯһƬƬˡ࣬ƴãһƬƴȥʱ򣬡ˣ
˱һԸġԺͯ˵
ֻͯһҪ󣬡ߡ
΢΢һЦá
ǣͯΪͽĽ̵ʮ󣬺ͯɳΪһ׿ԽǿޡżȻһ̫ڸ߸ϵĵһ˺ġ
׷¶⡣ͽעžӣĬãȻӦˡõ˻Ӧĺڣʱ¶ʧɫЦݡ
ͽܾͺڳףȲĴӦˣĻϲĵų׵ӣȴ»֮ҹͽ׸ʦԭһжƭ֣ͽΪʦԸƭڡȴ׸ʦ
Ȼ󣬴ҹ
˺ڣ߸ϵķԵҰмһˣյҷҪȢ㣬İ˺ʦ
Ķ˵Ժİ˾ǵĶˣ㿪ģ
ߡ
Բۣʲô
һѪܹдֵϣˡ
˲ǵѪʿǼǿվȥһѾľ飬ӻﵹܹõܶõϢԭǰȥշڽΪշ˺ڽ֮׸ˣȻ˼·ô
Ȿͬ˽˻Ľ
ʦԭҵҸ
ʱڽĿⶼˡ
ڽʲô
лҪ˵գʦд㰡
Ҷð
ջ֮Ǻ
дҵĻȥˣܺãܺá


42 
պ, ջ, ڽ
ݹĺڽɫ, ʦ, Ǻ⣿õĲ˳֣
仰˵֮󣬲֪ǲǴ, վеĺڽƺԽήҲ, ǿأвʲôͬǣ
һ, νζ
գ㲻, Ҿ͸ˡ
Ϊ̸˳˳֡˵
ԣڽĿȻɱ⡣
ڽί
Žɫһʱ嶯Լˣͷջ֮, æڵ, ѡ㲻, ֺαؿǿ
ӢͦüĿšɫǲ䣬Ӳ˵ʦҡ
⺢ӡնʱҡҡͷ, ǹִ
ͶԺڽ뷨ַֻаǰΪʦ˵ֻҽһۣձ黹㡣ֵ˱黹, Ҳض롣
֮ãҲˡ˵
˵ɫźÿЩǺڽҲ֪΢ƥԲλ಻
ⷬ°̾Ϊʵ򹷣ԵİܻǵµŤΪǸò˵ˬˬ
ˬζױȡ
տǰɫԽͣϸﶣΪʹмֵ¸±ǾڴȣΪʦϣڴ̫֮˺ڽһ֮
˵üĿչӦǣӶʦ
ɹڽղ˿
ģ˵ƭ˵Ĺ˶ǴӣҲһǵĻһ䶼š˵õҵڽܹСعأմӽеõڽôˣҲ˿ȥļջ֮
ۼ˺ڽҲ޷˽ع飬ձ֪ȥĹؼڽϣ˼ȥڽ黹ԤУȥĹؼڽϡ
ڸͲ֪ˣֲջ֮Ļ׳棬֪ʲô⣡
֮ܶƭˡ
ʱʲôͷֻһһ̫ɽţľŶνΪΣʲôΪأʲôҲ˾ͰˡƩ磬ǰʮôҵҵڿҿҵȥúڽ޳Чʧܡʮʲôû̫ɽ㣬Ѻڽǰ
õ룬˵̫ɽ˯ʱɵŮǾͽˣʱܲǵġعˡʦҲûʲôģ濩ռǱôĶʴˣѾ޷۷ˡ˰ţͱһˡ
һº󣬾ڴȡ
ľڴֵ̫죬޽Ŵ̫ڣʢᡣ
ڴ˴ξڴдͷܹעһΪʵǿһΪΪ񽣵̫̫ϳͽܵԵʣټ֮ǰŵ˺ڽ̫ǧ˽֮ڽһ㹻עĿο߼
̫ˣء̨²ԶĲƺϣնԽڴȵƽͬսߣԲ쵫ףǰڵرʵ
ӢͦɫĮǶյĻĵţû˿Ĳͷ˵ˣĽܵǣףлʦ̻塣
˹˳ģ˵ȥˣտǰĸߴ޳ɰͦε꣬¸пһգ۵СͯҲѾɳΪڷһĴˡ
ôСʼûղٹģǰʡýһͨ־̫ʡʧȥ˺ܶΪʦȤ
̾ʧȥ֮Żᶮϧ

Զһ󺰡
պͽͬʱתͷȥֻһǳɫ۵ڵվԶһϲ鿴ǰ
˿첽ĳû뵽㰡ǰ˵һΪϴˡ
˵գתͷĿ⿴򽭻Եգ˵λǣ
ڣմĻʦá

ĬĬؿĵЦݣ֪Ҫ£ĬȥԼʦ̨
ԭ̫ڵʦðЦ˵ȻתͷŽһû뵽нգȪ֪ػΪ˵ģҲѾˣһ㡣

ĻԭĮûʲôӸӱˣڵĿһƬİͬŲӰеڲС
⸱ģ˵ǳһΣʱǸĺͯĽصһˡ
һǺãﶼѾˣܽ¡ûûĿ֮ʣֱڴ﷢㡣˵ЦˣڴˣҲĺúõģнա
ô˵ģ˵ǹӣҿӰɡЦ˼ϳΪߵǲңΨѡ
վһԲӢͦޱ飬ͬһƬӰ
ʵտĲƮһŲƣڵ⡣
ȷˡտƵ˵˵ӵкܶ˵İ
ڵĵתͷʲôЦһ˵ˣ˵ֻһ˰ɣϹϵ˿ͳͳûк³
ˡվ˵Ҿͺúõģ̫ڵǧҲúõġ
Ŀؿǰڵӣɻ̫ڣ̫ˣ
ڵӡ
㡢˵ʲô˶ʱ߳ŭҧʶģҺ㣬㻹ң
˰տǲһˣЩ̷óϵ˵һ飬̷ó£ۼ񣬵һСèС˼۾
һתȻɭɭҵҪǲħŹϵļϸ
ڵӡ
Ǽй߳˽ôͳħŵļϸ˵ȥ²ҪʵйڵӲٺվȥ߳ŭ˦һ䡰ڵģҴȥ
뿪뿪֮תͷԵĽϵɫʵĻ

û˵
վǰߴ޳Ӱ˿ȴ¼űģЩ
Ҳģ̾˿˵ô⸱ӣСʱһۡ
˵ϽļʱŶȻǰѾñˣҪżܴļ
ЩҪ˵û˵ܹ㣬õˡ˵ĸװ㣬ΪѾҲɼҪṩ¡㲻ǹӣֻһĸΰİѡ
ϲ޿κε顣˵˶࣬ᱲʿҪ޵һһң
Ļʹû˿ı飬˶һϢ֮֡ŵĸʱõƿĶӣȻҾʹĶ˳ѪܵĴƿĶ˳
ⲻĴ˵ḧϵ̧󣬸һӵֻһĸ׵ѡѣκһԼӵĸ׶ѡ񡣡
ֻǰ㡣˵Ӧ㣬Ųһǻ⡣
ס米ϵϸȴ޿ȡůůһֱ֧ŽΪܹòϡ
ԽԺոĵһҲΨһһӵ
Ǳܻʲôһ㣬֮ʦ׽룬ʦ׽ģΪÿһε֫ӴܼĻĲصĽǻֺ̿͡Ա
֪ͱǲͬġ
㱳߱ĸԭĸ׵Ϊۻȡġһ޷ϴԭ
ԭûʸҸ
Ϊǲ֪Ӻʱ̰˼ů˵Ҹ
ʸҸ𣿡ӵűϢסĽʵ
Ȼն˵㵱ȻУĸ׽Ϊġ
˶٣Ȼҽô꣬㱻͸ģҪôһͱȥ˵ͽյͽûôһ
仰ʱһͳЦԼ°͸յļϣ¡ļϣƵ˵ţʦ˵öԡ
Ӳʦġ
ѾҶˡպ˵ôױ̼ҾԼʧܡ
Ӵˡ
иղǸڵСңΪʦ˳ۣȥѵһ٣úˣú˵ղ˵
˴ǣȴǺһ㣬ǡ
¶ʱһ˰ĵúܣȴƫҪڳôһģͳʵ
лҪ˵գԲۣҾ֪̫ˣ
ջ֮ȷ֪̫ˣΪ˲йܣ㡭
գҰʦܸ㣡Ͳõйˡ
ջ֮
գҿǸС


43 
˵º󽭻, ݺݵؽѵǸڵĵ, йڽǹӵԻ̫ڴˡ
Ԥı̫ź޺޵ҿǾǼ̫ڳôŵĵӡ
̫ڽԽ, ȻҲ֪, Բֹ, ˵ԽԽԵɸˡ
²衣˵, 齻
̫һ⻰ʱ;
ϴ˵ʱдˡͽ֮ǿȢµһˡ
ҿɺ˵, 鲻, Ǵû𺦽̫˵
ԿʲôȻͽ忩ô⸱飿ͽ, ѵһܺ
̫š
Ҳ㺦, ɧ̫ࡣ
¡հ˵, βд
̫Զʱ˿дͺãͺá
Ҫڽڿν˵
, ȥš˵ȻתҴȥ


ս֮Ŀ⿴·ŵڵӣ˵ս֮, ǽС¡
ԣ·ԭ˯ûʲôĵǶʱһ񣬸̧ͷĿؿҪι°
ζһȻǽȤĹ¸ǣοϿ޽ĻУǿ֪д˷޽Ļ˻ҳ̫̫ϳϡͽǿȢµһˡ
˵ǵкö˶ǿˡ˻ҳ̫̫ϳϡ֮ΪеġҲǰȭְֽ߳н۷ΪһڳϲŰ̫ڵģӭȢ˾ˣûΪ˾ܾҪɾʹͱնԵʿûԵģڵġ
գΪ̫ڵףӦøҷ״
·һ˫˫ڴ΢΢һЦ˵¡
ڵӡ
һأһйھ˵Ĺ¡˵ǰиĸ״ŮϽ֣ĸΪҪǰףŮվڴ˵زҪĸ׻һʧصŮײȥʱŮԶĸ׾ŮȴʮԶ
·ĵԷ׷׳Ůˣ˾
˾Ů𣿡
·ʿŮ𣿡


΢΢һЦûУŮûˣ˲ٱĸס
ܣôܵù
ĸʿ֡


տȺ׷׷ϲŵĵӣЦݸˣǰҲģϧĸ׼ȷʿҲǸ֣ǾͽŮһˡ



¶ʱһȻ
֮󣬲еɬΪҪŮҲһ
⵱ȻΪŮҲ˵
̫ˣʱеӷȻеΪԼ֪ͽк
ĸ׾ֻĺӶѣȺ̫ˣ̫ˡ


հĿȺȻƽĵӣȻ΢Ц˵ǰˣΪ֪־塢Į桭Ĳк˵ڼΪ塣
̫ķ˼Խ͵飬ⲢΪΪҵ֪ڷ˶Էݵɽ֪ı־͸ɱ֮֮
ɱ˵ĲֹǵˣˡȺӼ֪ᱲʿ׷֮ȥα棬˼󲻹ǴΪȥ֪֤
޷мǷǣǿ֪Ƶķк죿˵
ڵԶʱ¶ɫ
֮󣬡ϵӴˡеȿڵԶѷ׷׳Ӵˣ
ӣ


տŷ׷ϴɫ̫ڵӣЦݸϸ֪ͺñǺúӣڶ¡
δüж̫ڵǣ
Ƕʱʹ֮ɫˣ
̫ڵӣҼҳǸ¹š
֪Ϊ޽ʿҪƿڴ߿ƭѪǮˡ
Խ̫֮·Ȼһ£ƽЩԷȫʧйڽӵἰ
ΪĵĽԵĸо˽ڵĵӶ̬ȹ죬Ǽʱһ·Ƕʲô˷ָĻںԲѣžǸʦ֣Բ𣡡
Բ𣬽ʦ֣
Ҵˣʦ֣


֮ǰı֮ΨֲɻȻͬ
Դ˺޲ֻÿЦЩ˵뷨׵ľܹҡǵĵǸһĲֵһ뵽˸ıǸˣ˲һƬӯů඼ɵؼӿʹӿ˽µĲ̫ɽȥ
̫ɽ
˿̣д̫š
̫ɫϲѵøһɫãúúãĺܺãЩ˽ԣݺݽеһ
ⷬεֱ׿ޣձܳҪ֪ϴдˡͽǿȢµһˡ̫֮žûһɫΪƷӶƷ
գί
ʵϣ˴ӧȥԣΪǰ̫֮ŶʮֲģĲٸʲôɧβûɧĺܺñѪб㽫ˡ֮ϲ̫ڼ֮аο
ʱ̫ź飬ˣ̫˵ͽˣұȸˡ
šе
̫ſЦǺǵʦΪˣΪãĪҪ
ԣɫԽͣӦӶʦʧģ
뿪֮
鲻տɫ͵ĽɵЦˣ
صͷʦΪҲı»ϲ
ԣЦһ䣬ФӣΪʦı㻹ϲһ㶼Ϊʦ
˵ģ۵ģֻǵϲʦΪӲͣ˵ĵӡ
ƶˡЦôͻȻˣ¡
ҪǰȣǰʦС
ԣյ˵ͷǵط޺Զʱȣ㵱½Сġ
ͷӦ΢΢Цˣ¶СУ˵ӽҹ£ʦһϯɺã
ΪЦ¶ĿɰСУ̲ס¸пöûСˣ֮ԽԽҲԽԽ˸˵ЦˡļΪˣŻˡ
еĳյȻܾͷӦá
Ҫһ
ЦŴӦ
ϯ֮󣬽˵δȻ֮󣬵ӱ̫ɽʦɺã
Ƴһ۵㲻ˣ
ΪҪҪ̫ɽӾҪͻʦС˵˱ʦˡ
Ϳ𣬲ҪΪ˵ûҾͻᡭ
ӻÿոʦȫ磬ɫֵһ䡣
ա
аȣ
֮Ϊʦٽ̵һ󡣡ɫ˵㻹δʦΪʦν̵㡣
ŲΪ㣬ҲҪӵİ
򴽣Цһá
ӻᾡġ

һºǰ̫ڵһʧ٣䲻
лҪ˵գfg
͵Ϊʦȥ㡣


44 
һʧٵϢ֮, յʱں̫һȲ, ˡ
̫š
Ǻεʧ̬
費̩ɽǰ治ɫϾȻʧ̬֮٣ɼǷǳ޴롣, ̫̾, Ȼƽ￴䵭ĮȻǶڽΨһĵӻǺܹĵġ
п̫æοյ侲, ʿʱʧȥϵз, ǱĳˣǰȥѰǡ
ԣ̧Ŀ⿴, ɫ΢, ģǣ˭Ľ, С˭Ψ, λز¶ᰮɫݵĴСֻ˽ɽ뿪֮ǰ˵Ƿ, ʱž;Щֵֹģǲδ룬롭ǲ׸Լ𣡸ƱҾͻϼ, ȻûȻˣҲˡ
ЩʵȻܸ̫ţտϿοɫȻǾͷˡ
Ӧġ̫˵
̫ɳǰȥѰʧٵĽһ, ȴް㽭˵ټʱƣʼûǵ䣬̫²ɵһ಻õԴ˳
ʱʶһ⣬̫ڲûлƵĴڣΪ˻ȥѯһţ֪޽綼ûĸлơЦⲻлպҲʱƿǵ״ͷŪһ
ա
ôûƣ
յüͷ𣬲Ӧð
ÿɫֻ̫Ľ䣬οʵǷе֣Ҳ̫ģûµġ
տһۣҲûͣɫ΢뿪ˡ
¹ȥˣûнһ˵䡣ҲһʼĵȻ𽥵ˣҪǵջָ֮ʲô۶ӡǽջ֮ջ֮ı£յȻŵùջ֮ɧҲĿɿڴġ
ջ֮һϵеĲܽһ仰ǣŰԼŰԼ˿ŪʲôɧŰͽܣͽ޹İô˳µĺӣҲջ֮µȥ֡
뵽ջ֮ڱﰵĶͽ֣Űձסˣ׼뿪̫ɽǰȥѰҽ
׻û뿪ֹ̫֪ﵣǣֺγǣǴʱ㲻뿪̫ɽŻء̫üĿ˵һŷɽǰȥѰǡ
ߵӶ̫ڽɫһȺŵĶ֧̫δǿмǵʧ䲻̫˵Ǿ޴Ĵʱ˿̫ΪȺӵʧٶڽǲ״̬ⲿ˴ѹڦ̫ڡ
ʱֵƽϾ̣֮λ޽罣׵̫ڣһܹȶģܹ֤Ҷ̫ڶ֣ǲ뿪ġ
̫ŵ˼նΪԥɣԾϡǲһ뿪ɽǰȥѰʧٵĽ̫ڣ˵̫ҲûϵֻСһСŶѣҪ뿪ġȴ뿪СعĹϵ¡
ˡ̧֮ͷĿ⿴ǰ̫ţ˵ôһоͷˡ
̫ɫοͷ˵Ҳʦֶӣҵĵǲ١
̾һתȥ̫ɽ˵˷С磬̫ڷţǵ̫ڴ˽ʮ̫꣬ڹ;ȥػһ֮ţ̫ϳϵְڡ
ϣܹû°ɣϣջ֮㣬ϧһԼ
ºʧٵȺӻˡ
Ļţ֮ȴһˡ
ϢȥŴĿɨѰȺĵӣȴδпӰɫͳȥأɫʵ
Ļվ·Ⱥ̫ڵӶʱһ˵˭Ҳҿ
ճɫǣ䣬һ䣬أ
𵤴Բʿѹ˲ѹȥһȺ˶ʱɫҰף亹乡
ð֮˶סѹվС˵ʦˡ
վ̫Եɫһף¿һæתͷաȴЦˣЦݷ·ʲôЦһ㣬Ҫ˵ͽô˵Ļ
ȴŵóһ亹궼ҪɢˣͰ˵Ͻڡڰ
ЦʲôʲôɰġǰλӣǶˣͽҲ
̫ڵӡ
ʱŵûɢɫҰףϡˣ
úõģû裬ԼճȺŵòɫ̫ڵӺ˵ԽȺŵԽ
Ϣ
¸пӲУȻתͷ̫˵ҪɽȥѰ˵ұչˡ
ʱ̫ҲҲ裬æͷӦãȥɡ
ͷˡ˵Ȼת뿪Ŵߵʱ˳ְѷǸʴ̫ڵӸˣЩҪѯͬһˡ
̫ڵӡ
žң
ŷź̫ŲֱӵŤͷȥû㡢ߺãĴȲᵱʲôġ
̫ڵֻǰһڣҪң
̫ڵӻȥ̫ɽȻʼ˲пѪȵ̿򡭡ûУ׼ȷ˵ûüʲôλѾ˵̫ڵӾʲôˣˡ
ϣѾ֪ȫ˵ˣԡԷ𣿡̫ڵӶ߶˵
ԿЦ罻ˡ
ǽʦֲ˵İλ̫ڵҲúίǷĲǸ
ڻ˵տȤ
Ҳ˵Ҫҵ̫ڵӾøίˣҪû˻ԲԵģҪ
Ҫ͹
аɣҪ뿪ɽһˣԱ㣬Ҫȥľȥû㡣˵
˵գת̫ɽ
ɽֱ֮ȣ̫ڵ˵ǸλѰȥ
ǸطʱѾû˽ټҲʧҲ˲ģȵȻܣô϶ԭص
Ҳڴ˵زˣÿյй䣬̬رʾͷ·ڹԼҺ԰һ㣬Ų˷ǻط㣬̫ɽȡ
Ȳ̫ɽûͯźҲǸ˵ģʳܹͷ¶ҲܹЩ죬Ҳÿ£Բȣ¶ߡʿʳһһճ
ȥˣϾͻϢһޡ
ĳһİ˻֮󣬷ϢĿ±˴һªľݣССľڷ絲껹ɹȻªȴ޽ĺܾ¡
ռ״ʱ˴ǣϣͽͦɵ
Ӷ
лҪ˵գʲôͽܣŲ㲻
ʦҵ
գô겻Ϊϴ´ɨæµģѡͷ¶
ʦ𣬸ʦСӡ


45 
սСľ, ľڻ˼Ҿ, һС񴲸պùһɣСԲ͵, Բϻ˳ʳ, лأصп㡣
ͽû, ͽûôġ
տ¸̾, ôԵͽôͺջ֮żҵĹϵء
ɫȻ糣˹ȥԲ£ֹȻΪȻԵõϵʳ, 쾭Ȼ̬Ⱦ̫ͬɽһէȻĪɽĹڵľݺʳ, һ㶼ͻأ֡
֮ЩľľζѵԶֽǸʰ, ŷŵ⡣
Щ֮½, СϺ¡
ϡ
, ţȻľľ񱭶ˡһ, һݹΪͽ
һֳȥй䣬ͽˡ
ʱ֡
һһأ˫ֿտҲĻˡƿСľݵŽȥ, ڵСԲİڷµȺζʳ
߹ȥһպ˲;߷⡣
ڶĲ;ʧˡ



ӴԺչ˱ͻݵݹӣX
գҲŲǱݹԵˣ
ڳıݹһ֮վԼԵĲˡһˣһӻշصСľ⣬ײ˴ľ߳׼뿪Ľ

ĵһӦֵסȻתܡ
ôúòײŴסˣ˵ȥһץס֡
ܣЦһҽҪˣҾ͸գ

ǸТ˳ͽܣȻ治ʦʦգûܣųΪץס֣Ѳõԭ
Ϣ˰ɽһʦҪˡ˵
ûСɳ˵
ûУûΪβȥΪҪΪʦ

û˵ճĬһԡ
žǿĲϳɢĮǧ֮ⲻ˿ϢĽ̾һָ˽Ĳ
ڱִһ˲䣬һ͵ؽӲ𡢱ʦ𡣡
˵ָĦŽϵƬɫһƬ֪Ⲣۣۡ
ϷŪңʦ𡣡˵ģѵʾżֿζͬһ㣬߰ɣʦ𡣡
ԶʱЦһܣİɣ
ˣ˭Ϊʦô꣬㻹δرңܣΣղ˵˭ôû𣿡

ð֮󣬽˵ʸʦԡ
仰ʱüľһʱʹСһ٣Դ˿ͷװʲôʱֲҴ̼һСӴ̼ˣ治ܲզ죿ʱȥ
Ȱƭȥ˵´⣬˵㣬ڲ벻뿪Ҳ뿪
δδ֮ǰ˦뿪˵ƽޱǷǮ

ǷǮͷĽ죬ʲôҲû˵Ĭ
տվǰĬ¼ĮȻɢžǧ֮ϢĽ̾˿˫ǿнŤת˹
һ󣬵ղݾܾ£ճĬ˲
ǰһŲɫ۵ӣӢͦİϣ˿ձɫۣ۾Ҳԭڱɫͫͫ
𿴣ʦ𡣡΢΢ƫͷ㿪ߣɳ˵󡣡
ɰɡ˵ʵҲط˵ص㻹òÿøлһź

ɿַſ߰ɣΪʦˣΪʦԷȥ
תľݣվԭصĽϸֳһԥɫתȥˡ
Բԡ
Ӽһ㣬˵Сץֿ׼ץܶ࣬ǲΪѪͳ

ð֮󣬽˵޹ϵ
յ˵ͷȻֵھѪͳԺǲǾܺеĺʣϺзԶپͳԶ١

ͻȻݺĺʦҲǡа
壺ί
֪λش⣬ֻóĬ
˵Ҳûټת˵µҺΪʦ˵˵ȷʲô
ð֮󣬽ſ˵ʦ𲻶֪ˣ
Ҵӱ˿е֪ʹе֪һ˵շпӣĿ⿴˵
ĬãŻڵգʦʦǽһڶλ𵤺ڴ
ʦʦòУֻܡЩȴϷŹǣһ·׷ɱ;ĩ·֮ʣڵѪͳֳΣնɱˡ
ɵĲ˵ͷ˵Ѫս˱ͬţ̫ͽ
ԳĬãɳѿĿڵӻ̫ڵĵ𣿡
˵ʲôĿĿ˵ΪʦĵӣΪʦ̫ڳϣȻ̫ڵӡ˵⻰ʱȻ

֮⣬̧ͷһɫ۵̻¶ǰԣӲѿһ˵ĶУͬĮϵɫͫɫͬʯһۣŹְԵмֲ԰׵ĿӢͦӣζһּȽʥҪ½̳׹뷲
Ϊʦտɫ˵ΪβΪζܲΪʦΪαʦʦǷļϢ
ȽشΪ㲻Ϊʦ
Ϊʦô㲻𣿡˵ôûܸ㰲ȫУĵΪʦ𣿡
ǵġԵϵ켱ڽͣȴֻ˵һ䣬Һʦ𡣡
ġտر˵ΪʦΪ񽣵ףδ˸Ϊʦ鷳

Ȼˣ˵ͬΪʦȥɡ˵ڵѪֻһʱֻҪѹȥɻָӣҲԱȻΪʦ⸱Ҳͦÿġ
ţһζյ

ð֮󣬽Ȼ˵ãʦȥ
µֽסû˱ȥȲҪ˻ȥң£ԥɡ
ʸ
⣬ȴ޷⡣
һֱ֪᲻ˣ̰ᣬԲŻǻڴ˴ȥ֪Ҳ뿪ӽΪһֱڵһֱٵ仰
ǵĵȵˣȴԼ
лҪ˵գ⸱ģֺÿģҲз˵ĺã󷨺ãšһζȤ
Ҿڿû֤ݡ
ջ֮
ˡ


46 
մŽȥ̫ɽ, ӽص̫ɽ֮, һҲδ뿪̫ɽҲʵ˵ԵģȻ̫֮ɽߵĻӵѪͳҲոȥ, С, ӵа֮Ѫ˲¼ɡż
ЩͬȵҲ̫Ÿ˿ڣǲ˵̫Ŷڽ̬Ǳ, һϧ, СųģƷԡΪգΨһͽ, ֻҪղͽ, ̫Ҳӡ
ڽ̫ɽ̫֮һ棬ʱǰ֮, ɫͫ, ձϲɫ, Եñ͸ŹʥĿٱĽ̫ʢֻ̫һ۱ľæƿ˫۲ٿ
ͺ, ͺã̫űܿ˽ӣ˵ٲʦҪ޽硣
ԶʱЦŹ߰, Ǹ͡
̫ºǺĿǰգûû
ҲФʦ𡣡˵ȻԱߵգɫͫ죬ǽһ޻ʵĹ⣬˵ʱ·Ҫ˶һ㡣
޹ֺ̫ŲҽĿ⣬ձôһۣҲֻľʵѹȸ̫ˡ
տ̫һֹı飬֪лҪ˵ȴڽڲÿڣתͷԽ˵ҽͷҡ
ԣͷ˵ãھȥ
Ƚȥ̫֮һӵı鿴˵
ʲô𣿡շʵ
޵ֵֽò˵ǲЩã̫š
кβã˵ʦҲò˵ϴ
㻹ʦְ̫žһµ֪ǴͶţȴδ̫֮ǰ顣
аʦֵĿɺóˡ˵
̫ɫʱ΢ֻǵʦĺãʦֲġ
ˣ˵̫̾˿ټ⣬ʦͽһԸһԸҲûʲô˵ģʲôѪͳҿϵƬǡһġ̫ġ
Ѫͳǿʲô۵СѪͳǱ󰭣亱Ҳ٣̫ڱһͽѪͳİǴ´ġһϵۣ̫±ûˣеĸ߽Ѫ԰պ鷳ֻ²ϡ
ԣ°ŻʲôۣǷۣҲ֪ŲǷȥ£ѹ붼ûйءĻ壬ǧ࣬ڵ򲢲Ѫᡣ
ҵ潫Ѫ˵žҪܲסʣ˵ʲô۶ϲ
̫š
̫˵ۣ
һѪȻĲܸȺ׵̫һʱеԽܣô׿ԽȻĽȻΪ
Ȼأշʵ㿴Ƭɫܶȡһ
̫š
ʲôǲ
ð̫֮ųɵɫ𣿡
Բݣݲɫ𣿡յ
̫š
Ҿںңû֤ݡ
̫ſĵı飬˰ѡ
һ趨Ȼȥɱ㣿̫˵
ʲô𣿡շʵ
һѪͳ̫˵ôܹȥɱͬأ
ա
Ҳ̫߼Ÿ𾪵ˣð̫֮ŵǡˡ࣬㡣
Ƚʳָ߽ͷ⣬мɫɻʵŵţΪſҵ֣
ѹ̫ӻˡ벻˵ԽԽˡ
һڽͷңԺǳһվһų֮ϺзͶ
ʱ׼Сֱʹԡ˵ġ
ʦ𡣡˵Ĳû㻽Ϻı¡
ʲôԭ㾹Ȼ𣿴ѵǴһôͲأվ

ҲܸԼʦ߼ˡ
ð֮󣬽˵ʱԡ
뿴ǵ취Ϻзʦôڴʧ
̫ɽһ²͸һµ㣬ÿ컻Żʽɲ֣յʮһڣ˸ѹڵѪ
ϵѾ˴룬ͿԻָˡտһ˵ϵѾȫˣֻϵһۡ
Ѫѹƴ룬Ҳãָӣǰƫִ΢΢Ц£˵ⶼʦ𡣡
ңÿ𣿡˵ϳ˼ʵΪʦãΪʦÿķʱ侫ȥ㣬ڱѾָˡ
һһʱ䶼ȥźգϴȥˡ
ԣҡҡͷ˵ʦ𣬵޷쾲
ЩӶʹ˽Īİĺ㣬ԽʹԽˣ˵ʦҪֻҪҪǾͲᱻ
⺢ӡտ̾˿ЩҲ㿴˽ڣӡȱȵȱȵĲԱҲƫִԸ
ְº󣬽ϵۼȫʧָֻǸٱ̫ͽˡ
ָգ̫ǰһָۣο˵ãܺá
ģ۷ʲôʼǵģǵĿɽصǡŶ֤
̫뿪֮
տͷ˵ָĲ
վǰߴ޳ͦɵĽ΢΢һЦʦá
ʲôʱᵤ䲻ʵ
ڽǰ֮ǰΪѾԽᵤһֱѹΪ񾭹һѪΪȻѹƣʶղʵ
Գһ£Ȼ̧ղײգհɡ
˵˵ͷҲãͽɡ
˵գ˱߳ݡ
̫ɽ嶥
վԶңңǰɽӭվŵĽһϮѩ̫ڵ۵Ľڷīʤѩٱ׿ĶĿһ޷ڲأһϴչ¶绪
˵յɫɵػ㱣Ժ︡һˣһ
ͬİºڷͬĿٱȴģģûһ˿ͬĮڸ߸ϸ˼ĮȻoӡ
ſһΪƣһֱǿѹƵΪѸٵ㣬ȻտĲ˲ɫīɫںصѸٵĸա
ѹǳݣ
¡
һһٴ
лҪ˵֮ǰСѪ㲻ۡ
գͽǲ
ţɫģ
գԶ˲ݲɫģͽǰ˰ɫɫͳɫ

Ҿʦںңоû


47 
뷢, ׺
̫ɽĶ̫, ˿̫ڵĵ̧ͷ֮֮ʱ, ڶɽ𵤽٣
̫ɽѵǽʦ֣ʦڶɽ٣
̫Ҫһ𣡣


˶ڹע̫ɽɽ, ̫վڵ⸺ңԶ̫ɽ
վ̫ɽԶԶؿǰڶɽٵĽ
, 
ٱ֮ƺҪӵ, ӵǿӵ飬ЮŻϢӴٷ·Ҫһ㡣
һ




ʮŵ׽١
ѰʿҲʮ׽, ʮŵ, Ψʮ⡢񼫲֮Żɵľ׽١
޹
׽ٹﲻǻڱ²Ľ
ִ, ǿ, վš
־֧, £
ֱ
ͣ, յĳɢȥĽ
ڽϣ޸ȥڻΪҳмڰţ¶ȫµѩļ, ڷɢ󣬰ļڽӨĹ
֮ϣƣϼɣԶ
һϷɳڿնֱϾ졣ƣţ˽Ľᵤ
տ֮ƵüĿɫء
ʦ𡣡
ֱһղŻعͷȥֻ֪ʱڵ۵Ľվǰ
տüĿչɽٽᵤȥչһ󣬹Ϊ
Կͷ˵á
ڽչڼ䣬̫ǰ̫ɽһΣΪȴδҲںҪǱļ֮飬ĵӣǧѵһţԺ̫ڱҪһˣϲɺأϲɺأ
ڴС磬Ϊޱǽ𵤣տڽ𵤴ԲЩѵôһսĽ˶κһŶԶǼΪҪɴУὭǸܴĽޡ
˵֮ǰ̫Ŷڱ½һ˿ɵĻôȫûˣЩˡ̫Ŷ¶պҲɵ㣬ЩԽȥ㽻
Թ˵Ȼ
ȻôΪʲôֱ׳Ϊ͵𣿡
̫űֱ׳޳ܸˣðԭҲȥ˴룬һ뿪ˡ
һº󣬽ء
տΪϢĵͷ˵Ϣ񣬸ȶνᵤǳɹ
Ŀ޽費ֻӱչôãίʦˡ
ա
ĵʲôίģ
ȥʦ̬رȻر糣˵˵תȥˡ
ա
ᣬǲڵڸܵʹ룬ƺİһǰ;Ľ˸һĴĪֻ˲ĸо
Խᵤչس֮ĵһǸԼʦ
ᵤ֮ͽᵤ֮ǰƺδʲôһ̫ɽÿոϴΪᵤ˲Ҫǰǰڿճ˴ʱ䣬Щʱ˲²˺͵ġ
գ
㣬θиˡ
ԽÿͶιһʹھһ߳ԵĺܻԼ·˸ѡ
̫ͬɽʵ˺һԵõƽȴܰճȴ㣬ǻÿնġ
ǣҸǶݣڶ
¼幥˽硣ͻϮ֮ݣ׼ʧء
Ϣʱ޽𶯡
ʧأôܣݵĳ𣿡
徹ȻҪ˺Լ𣿡
Ҫս𣿡


ڣǰΣսһ޽粻òֿŶек֮𣬰̫ڶɳеǰȥսֿ
̫ŽæĽͷöʱս鷳ϡ̫ڶһɽѹֵķΧЩ½ĵкã곤ĵȴòɽսҲһηֱ
ս߹سʧݵϢϴ̶̰ǳر幥ݡ
Ϣ޽磬ʱʿܴĵήҡ
Ŵ
աλ̫ͬ¡
֣ͻȻ˺Լ򣬱ԭ򡣡ճ˵
ԼҵķʲôԭԭҪսǷ㵽ף
Ƴһۣ˵֪֪˷ܰսͻȻԵɡ
ʲôԵɲԵɡ
ûҵ˼մĻΪɢɳһ̣˭Ҳ˭Ҳôԭ򣬴˴ٽڣսѸٶң䱳ͳָߣ


̫ſɵ˼ǣ
£ջͷ϶ǸĲ²⣬˵µĻʡ
Ψʲָܹͳ򣬴ٳյ
һʱ
֮˵ǵΣ
Ǳ֪ʵĵϸ嵽׷˺αʡ˵ŵǱ̽ӣѵûϢ
̫Ե˵ȥš
ڵ̽ڰǰʧȥϵϢء̫˵
ԶʱˣǰʧȥϵȻĴûȥ飡
ϵɫ̫ɫڨڨŵӹֱֱֱʵڲ̽һְ뱾ͨŲףδϢ̬˴ΰδϢиҲֻһ
ա
̽ӲҪҲգǵΪʲôҪֺôɲ̽ǰȥģ
̫Żش⣬Ŷˣǲɲá߲̽ǵ̽һҲϵ
ա
ܺúǿġ
̸̫֮ڵӳսˡ
սţڵɽһ˴ָӣǿкʵѡƼ̫ʵ
ýͲΪдӾ飬ٺʲѡз
̫Զʱ˼ȷǸѡûһѪͳĻ
УյܾҪȥ
վԵĽԲͷĿ⿴һۣվδ˵
ʱ̣ʲôܱӭսҪλɵ
սֻڱ忪սǣһȫͬҪ˵ɱʱеǰԡѪսϼұ˸ˡ
һʱ
̫ŶշԵԭȰ͵֮Ż賤أΪϵӣóϵģ볤ĬõõĵطǰͬҪɺӡ
ɣţǰߴָӵѡŷǰȥΣ̫Ŀ⿴ŷ˵
顣ŷ
̫ԵͷǱȥɡ

뿪Ŵ
ͬȥ̫ɽ
ʦ𡣡ؽе
£ա
ʦ𷴶ǰȥǰߣǡɵӡʵ
лҪ˵գҰѽ˴Ȼе㷽
ջ֮
ɱ˰ɡ


48 
̧վǰĽ, ߴͦɵʹ, Ӳ¼ţ͸һɷ·ȫ綼Ŀ
ա
Ľ, ĥǲװ, ƺСͺܻס
նЦһ˵޶˶˻ԼĵΪʦǷǲϺͿ𣿡
Ӳҡ˵
ǲҶûУһܾ, ̧ܵ

˵, Ӵˡ
Ҳ֪ˣһ˵ȥҺú÷ʡ˵һ飬ҵĵ, , Ҳҡ
ԣ΢ð֮˵, ӴˡӲ, ʳĻ
֪ͺ, ޴ĴҪٷڶΡյΪʦ̫ɽȻҪȥΪʦӹ̫ڵĻɽ, ǰΪʦ
͵һ̧ͷĿⶢǰգɫӶݣһڵĻɽ֮أغһ, ѡҪʦЭǱġޱ
κεﶼûд˿յ仰κγŵû仰ġ
ӣӱصʦΣسŵ
̫ڵɽսÿնбսţƲãǿԵǽڱ֮Ѿܼѡ޽ҲأĻ̡̻
פ̫ɽӹǿ̫ɽĻɽ̫ڵһߣ浽һɱ̫ڴвϣº̻֡
ӹ̻ɽĲֻ̫ڣȻǶòĴ㡣
һֱԣЭÿնбս̫ڵ鱨̫ɽմӲܻ佭ЩϢЩÿղӵսϵɫԽأϵϢҲ䡣
º󣬵ڶսŴٿ
ڴϢ֤ʵˣµʡ̫ɫصĶλ˵ʡ
һʡ֣ʱͷһˡվԵĽҲɫĿޱ飬е̲סս
ʣĪ壿
Ѫ̫˵
ɲǿݺĺԶԸ壬սʤ
˵ԶԸҲҪԸɲĺأһΪ
˵ڳλ̫Žһ飬ܰѺл˵Ҳֻ̫ϳˡ
˵öԡ̫ſڵ־Լ磬ǲ壬ǶǱҪսʤĵˣ
ҲӵѪֶѣкοɾ壿ɫȻ
ʱܻţԽԽңȶġʱûԼš
Ժã˵öԣֻѪҲǲܶԸ
ӳ顣


Ȼ֮󣬡̫Žס˵
תͷԵĽ˵ȥҡ
˵ͷӦȻתȥ
к£տǰ̫ţʵ
̫ſ̾˿˵Ͼһʧ߳ǣ¼Ҳǿֵÿʿ𡣡
ʵסöرᴫ򣬵ʱĿ־սֻ̫磬ЩæĽͷöĽǻϢĲͲչü˶ȥ˲١
֪̫ŲԵ޹ʵĽסҲԵ޹ʵĶ˵ЩΪƽ˵

һĬ̫֮Ų̧ͷĿ⿴˵ӹ̻ɽ󣬽չΣ
ɵĲ࣬ʣһСֽɶɡ˵
ˡ̫̾˵һֱˡ
ɫ¶ƣ漴̧ͷĿ⿴ǰգüĿݣð֮ſڵܵŴ飬ǰͻϮնɱ죬ȺױһɢɳΪ壬ֿشʿʿȶġ
˵գüͷɫϵҲ֮٣ǲԸ
ܾɡ̾˵ȥؾǡ
Ŀ⿴ƽ˵֮ѣսǰԴӦˡ
Ӧ̫ų̾һһ֣Ҿϸ塣
ǰȥˣˣסɽס͸ɻɽӹ̣ѵҪΥʦʦ𣿡˵
̫Խζһģҷȥɡ
⼸öзȥ̫Žöз˵
£ǡ
㣬С¡̫ſڵ㡣
ЦһģŷģҰˡ
˵գתȥ
̫ſϸıӰ̾һ

ճŴѾȺĽæ̧ͷȥʦ£ʵ
£ֻѯһɽ飬ŶԴ˺ǹġ˵
Աδʡ
˻ȥ̫ɽ
Ȼص̫ɽսָŻɽͼ˵ＸҪΪʦֻ㣬Ծ㸺㵱ϸвɳ
Ե˵ͷס
Ǳ㽻ˡ˵
ȥֱ⼸ɽ󷨺ģһά㲻ֹͣʱͬһӹ̫ڵĻɽʱʱһûûҹĴڽ޲ͼӹ̡Ҳһÿ
֮ձ㶯뿪̫ڡ
δзѡ󷨴ͺǰȥзá
պյ˱˱ʮнʣµδݵĳǳеݡ
֮δжѡй۲졣
պ뿪ǰݣһݵĳǳء
Ǳݵʱ̫ڣڵĽΪ޷ǰȥѰ⡣
뿪ֱ֮ȥգ˸գδ̫ɽգ˲̫ɽжϡʱ˲ˣüĿʱԼ˸²⡣
ԭس˼ãȥѰ̷յĵͯʵأ
ͯǰչˡ
ԣʱЦչأʱչأҲҸĵģ
˵תȥѰ̫ȥˡ
̫ţ
ޱɫĽһ߲ƵϢ̫ŵüһһ鷳ˡ
ʦأҲȦӣֱӿżɽʵ
̫ɽչ𣿡̫˵Ϲ
Цһ̫ɽûʦϢںδ

̫ű첻𣬽ҲʣͷתҪߡ
ȥģ̫ſʵ
ɽѰʦȥͷҲص˵


49 
̫仰ʱüһ, 뿪֮ǰ, æԽе
ȴĻ¶ͣ
ʦǰ, δӦģӦ鶼𣿡̫ŽյĻ
ĽŲס
Ϸ
̫ż״ʱ, æȰ˵ʦǸгµ, ȥô뷨ƻ, ھóȻȥҲﲻæƻƻĻ, , ʦҲûˡ
ŽվﲻȰʦġ
仰ȴǴ˽һ㣬һ, ֮, ̧Ųǰȥ
̫Ŷʱ, ⺢ôȰأ
ŲصǣҲɽһ̫ɽ, ȥʦ𽻴ҵ顣˵
Զʱһúúãú
Ƚ뿪֮æˣȥ̫ɽ㽭ʦ, вɽʲôϽ֪ͨҡ
ǣ
º󣬾ڽĲ̫ɽ޲ǿɽʱ޽緢һ䶯顣
ʧݱ幥ƵǳأפǳصͬһȺɱɱߣ̫̫ϳա

ǣؽʿŵ·Ⱥǰȡ˴ͷ
ʮɱһˣ˷ȥ
ǧȡͷȻȥ
̫̫ϳյţ˲䶯޽磬Ծ

޽綼̫̫ϳһɱ߳ףǰɱ·ľ˱뺷ײ֮١
ɱúãɱɱͬţ壬ռҳǳأͼȾָĴúɽɱɱ
ǵ񽣵ף¸ҹ˿ɼɱʮ·˵׳Ψ
ֻ֪ܹһ֮ڱϸ߳ǵжٶ˿𣿡


Ϣ̫ڣ̫Ҳû뵽ܹ˴ֱʣԭǵ뷨Ҳ֧ԮʣսδݵĳǳأѰɱ죬ûͷǱһɢɳ
հʮ·ˡ
̫š
ϣôײе
ôзҲ͸̫ɻзⶫø㣬ŪôųĴҴһմճġ
գİǮ
֪ӦǶҪзˡֹ̫˭֪˴󵨡
Ŵԭ˼ֻȥɱһľģҾʿҲ͸˲зղԲŪôһš̫ŶʱÿˣзⲻŪŪҲ˰
ŶҪ㶫ͷϡ̫ĵܲƲưɣûǸɲ顣
ɱʮ·죬ʱסǲºδ뿪˱򣬿ϵзûƵϮɱʮ·ĸ߼̶̼ձɱ˲λĴ¾ʧ룬Ļɢս
н˵ƣûλսӵ£ʮ·ţսͷض½ô˻ᣬʿ֯һٶĳǡ
Ϣȥ֮޽һ䶯
ʦүϼֱţ̫ˣôô󵨣룬ؼǻȥˣɹˣһ˵ǧһ֮شʮ·⻹𣿡
֮ȷ⣬Ӵ֮ݵˣϾ֮Աֻȥʮ˻ҳ̫̫ϳϡͽǿȢµһˡԴҶϵľݣ뵱û뵽ܹдȤ˾гһոǧΪУӪȡԴ̽ȡ
ͻȻмϻԼǸˣҪǱ˻飬Ͳн̫̫ϳˡ˵ĸľȻϵĻԼ𣿡


Ϊս޽պգֱӵдһӭ߷壬Ϻ󡣹ʿǷĵĸлǸ֪ջԼˣȥ̫ڲ˽һ˵ֵʮ·ϡ
ûʮ·ڲѣΪͬպ̫Ԥϵǰ㣬һɢɳټ֮Ǳ˵ս˷͵Ľ飬дյ޳ܽƻ֡ĺԶԸ
ǲ˻ظͬ͡
ʮ·ҳսƣս͡
Σ֣Ҳǵɱʮ·ǲʵġս̫ͣšġ壬濪ս䲻áõĽʱսͣͼ
ٳ;֮ձ㷵̫ˣڱ塣ûдȥɱҲ¶棬Ҫ¶̼Щ壬Ȼ군˵ֻҪֱӴ˼ۺ
صǡ
뿪̫ɽ£ǸҪˣٲȥҪ޺üӹ껤ɽɽˡ
ʱǲýóȻǰλʵϸʱóȻսͼıûŪʲô֮ǰӵһѪĽǲҪ¶棬Էϡ
ôƽϢսֶ˼ðգܴһԭǳڴˣսپˣ⽫С
ΪʡĵͽҲǲġ
һз˲Ϣͻ̫ɽ£ĵĲκ˵Ļȥ̫ɽ
һص̫ɽʱ򣬽Ѿ֪ˡ
ȺɽǰԶԶر㿴һϮ´ӰлϸŮޡ
ʦ𣬽ٱޱ飬룬˭뵽һϸòŮޣ޽Σһ˶ʮ·ϸӰǧУΣȡߵס
ʮ·ŷɥʧ̫̫ϳɱ֮
ʦ𡣡
ߵɽǰĿڽе֪

û뵽һͱͽܶɽǰˣɫʱڨڨµô᲻֪ڹ鳲֮գ˿˶ˣؼˡ

Ų԰ûʲôѪɫӣĴɫԼŵҩζŵѪζ²ɵһ̣һѸٵȫ
֪ģ
紫ǿεıˣʦʼѪ֮ǻˣ۵İ
һ˶Կɱʮ·ʹˣΣ
ֻҪһ뵽ʦ֪ĵطգһĻţ
ǿԼ侲ѹסĵĲͻ֣̿˵ʦɣӸȥ
Щӣˡգ˵
˰ˣĵܹʦԵȡˡ
ԶʱЦˣ۵һ֮ɫ˳أҿǻǣʾˣ⻹ѧģѧȻʹ
ҲҪ˳Ÿ
á


50 
ջص̫ɽ, ¹, Сͽ̷ܵЩŻʽĸóԵģվ·ι
, ҲҶ˵ʲô, ֻűˣι
ķƺ̫ɽλϵ, պͽʵһڵżǰ̫ɽ̽յ̫Ŷп, ӵǹòҲˡ
սҪ񷱶飬ÿһҪԹ, ̫ڵټһ, æ̫ŽŲմأȿڲĹûС̫ɽСӹ̣ⲻĽһ
Ҳ֪þȫð, ֪, Ҳ, ͵Щϼһﴦͷġ
ĻһԱ߻԰ｽĽһ, ߴ޳ͦɵĿǽҲǸĿվ̺ĻԱʤգʻĵ׺бΪһȦķ˿, Ʈɣ
ջĿ⣬ǰĽп̫˵ĽĻҲȥոͽܡ
̫ţ˵͹˰㵱ͽվյ
Ҳ֪ߵʲôˣܹյĺͽܡ̫źó˼ʲƽĿ˵ôûôõԼǼͽܣҲգ
룬Ȼ˵˰ɡ
̫š
տɻɫûгԽͣ˵͵ôˣ
֮ǰӡ̫˵ҪջݵǣҪ˱黹ǣ岻ͬ⣬뽩֡
幥ݵ߳ǣΪճϮɧͱʿ˸ķսջĳǣ
ôģ̧̫ͷĿ⿴ǰʵ
üҵĻ͹һǱջأݸѡ
岻ͬ⡣̫̾˿˵ˣܣҲЩıʿʹ¡
Σ̫ʵС
пɣֻС˲áա
ƣο˴գˡ
̫뿪֮ջûüͼһɢŹŹζҩվǰһûжı飬ĿҲǱĶĮ˵ʦóҩˡ

¶΢Цº˵ΪʦýоѴãسҩ
ʦĴն˵ʦ𣬲Ҫӱ⣬伲ҽȡ

˰壡
ҩҩ֪ҩô㲻ԣ
գŶ
ĲٱΪʦ𣿡溬΢Ц˵
һ˵ʲôı飬ʦʲôҪӱ𣿡
գǾͶˣǲܸ㡣
ûأռ΢Ц˵ΪʦôԲأ
ڵģܡҲͬն˵
ԵͷȻˣʦҩɣ˾͸ˡ
ա
ͽܻǴɡ
գջǸܲڻȫӲ׵ĽȺ˺ȵҩ
ҩգҾҲˡ

һ³ٳδһ֮ã޽Ҳ𽥵Ķ
ôû̸ףʧܰɣ
ԵҪ³Ҳѣһա
ã֮˺˯պֻ²ֹǡ


˵ǲñҪ黹ǣЭɵûУڵ黹ǡʮֿ󷽣ؽǣһֱɿڡ
Ϊʱϵ̫쿪ǰȥʹߣ˵Ч
գ
Сϵ뷨Ͳ嵱
ܶ˾Ȼͬ飬ҾÿУ
ҲС
ϵĻ˵Ч


ճ͵޽磬̫ǰѯգ㲻ᵱʹͰɣ
Ŀ⿴գҪǺ޵ҪȥˡǾ뻢ڰ
⻰۵̫࣬һʱ侹Զԡ
ð֮˵ģҲȥ嶤ǲһսҲͬ룬ǲһ顣
һֱǸΪռɽΪûʮҲа˸ðһʣЩöĿΪ򲻹ʱҲȫ뿪սģԸڶͣȥ֣Ҫ黹ǣˡһϣպ͹Ĺ۵һµģǱջأܸĴۡ
̫˵ʱ˿Ҿͷˡ
ҲȥҶ˵ڱչˡ̫ŶȻҴȥ
ձЮȣòʹ͡ΪȻǸǡΪν飬νǱĺ䡣̫Ųòȥ⣬ֹ鷢
뿪֮һͷͿ˽һŵҩޱվڷ
¾Ŀ⾯Ŀ˵ҵѾˣҪҩ
ˣЩÿ׼ʱ׼ĶſҪҩȥһζʣǱСӵҲ̫Сˣ̫ˣ
ĿؿһۣȻҩһԲתˡ
棡
նʱˣȻûҩķˣ
Ȼ֪ΪͻȻķǲóҩղɵһӹһ١
ְº
巢ͬ黹ǣһ黹̫ӡ
һʱȻ
ʿ󾪣̫ӣ̫Ӳң
˵Цɣȫˣ̫ӣ
ȵȣֻһʣǾǽճðʣν̫ӣ


˵ʿˣҲǾˣȻ̫ӣǸ߹ӣ߹̫ӱ£ȻܵľŲʿ١
Ϣһ֮򶼾ˣŶչжѰν̫ӡ
̫ɽ
֪ϢŴ֮һ㶼þȣһֹȻˣ˵ĳ䶨Сڵ֪֮󣬻˵ʱٵ֪ӵһѪͳ֮Ԥϻһ졣
ֻǵһˣղûеôȻ侲
ղûķϵϢҲ֪ġ
ǽʲôûᣬǰǰǰ㣬糣µ̷չӣΪϴҲûж飬ʦͽ·Ĭ㣬Լͬĺ顣
ͷ·Ǳǰİʱ⡣
ֱ̫ڵ


51 
̫żͷʵ, ʵ, 𣿡

ð֮, ղ˵, Ҳһְɡ
Ծŵ˵𣿡
֣̫ųɫ, Ϊãȫ¶Ѱ, ܻסã
סҲûտ˵, Լͽܶסһ޵ʲôɵʲôɣң, , ģΨңһˣ
̫ĿؿΪ֮
˵ղȰתȥ
ݺ󣬻, ˶ŵӭĽ, ˵һ, ŷ, ҲʦΪѵġ
̫ԶʱĬð֮̾, úӣΪˡ
ǰƽĬӣ̾Ϣⶼʲô°
ŵĽ, ԭɫտɫ¶Цݣһеĵĵӣĵְ
һŵҧһڣĵԽԽˡ
ɫƽ˵ʦϲĻҶЩ
ıɣ鷳
鷳
ʦͽĬû𷽲̫ǰ顣
޽ȫӵ䣬һȴ񣬲˻ǷĴνġ̫ӡıۣΪĹƣʲô̫ӣڣе飡岻黹ǣԹΪˣ黹޴˵̫ӡ
ǴڵĴˣôܶۼûУ
̺ʽѰȴټò˻ɡ
ҿĺ̸黹ǣ


֮£ʹ̽ԵشްϢȥѰڴ룬Ȼ̫ӣǿϢ
̫Ӵ˿̫ڡ
Ϣأ޽
ʲô̫ڣ̫Ӿ̫𣿡
ѵν̫̫ڵ𣡣
вԤУ鷳ˡ


ìͷĿ̫ڣ˶ڶ̫ڣǼȺ̫ӡ˭ֺ̫ڻ᲻Ὣ˸ȥ
Ϣ̫֮Ҳ±Ƶģʲô̫ӾȻڣ֮˸ͽ
ٵķȺȥѯ̫ţλڱڵ̫ӣ֪ʲô
ԸԼʲô֪̫Ŷʱͷ綷ֻ˵ǣ󣬻ӳ飬һȥϢ
ô˵Щ±ˣλ̫ӡȷڱûˡǵ֪ϢķҲһĵıȥˣѰ찡˲òҲãΪѰ
ЩǰŸߣˡ
ʱ̫ſգҲǼΪӵģΪ
ΪŷǽѶպƤ˵
̫Ŀ㻹˵
Ϊҷǽѣ
Щ˲ǽҪҳȥʹұǵԸ赭д
̫һ飬տŲȥ͵ȥɱ˵ġ
˵ģʲôɱħһһ۵ɱ𣿡
̫¸̣㲻ǣֶֻμ˵㣬Ҷ
ϲεɫ̾˿˵ŷģҴӦ㲻嶯ʱһ¡

̫ſ֪ѾȰãֻõ㣬£֧㡣
̫ڵӣ̫ûȵֶΡճŵ
ЦЦûӻǶ֪ؼ̫ڣ̫һ˵Ĳ㡣
ȥСġ
һġ
뿪Ŵֱɽֱ֮ءյɽţ㿴ȺĽ

սŲʱ˼֣ôҷ͵͵ģ
̧ͷȥɫƽеʦ𡣡
ô߽ʵ
ƽ˵ڴ˴

ɽѼӹ̡˵Ŀⶢ
ԶʱԶԣð֮˵Ҫȥһ飿
ЦһʦҪٶµһ𣿡

պƤϵΪʦʲôʱ¹㣿˵ڵģΪʦɽôܽжأ
ĽͲΪɫִҪʦһͬɽ
ʦٶµһΡ
տϹִֵɫѵͷ뷨𣿡Ŀ⿴ǰ˵˴㣬ɽȥˣҲЩ˵⣬Ͷ
ӾˣӾʦΪաᶨ˵
Ĺִ޿κΣаɣҪ
ԣ¶˵Цݣת˲š

պͽɽֱ֮ݡ
ʧصĳǳأǺϮɱɧʱݵûջݡ
˴ͣǶݡ
ݡ
֮մŽֱ
⣬ձҪŵֶʱ¶˵תȥͨˣƬ֮ȥͬĻݵĳ
ݳæǰæ𾴵ǰʧԶӭ
ˣ˴ǰҪ¡˵
볤Ͻ̸ӭ˸ۡ
ڡ
֪ϴ˴ǰΪ£ݳʵ°⣬й̫ڵϢѴз̫Ҫ˵ҲǿϵĹϡƽ͵ľ沢̫ãͳٳδʧصδջأ̫޴ѹƱҪΪӡһ¸˵
û뵽˻̫ڵ̫ϳϣ̫ڱĸ顣ˣҲ֪Ǻǻˣݳ̾˿
Ŀ⿴ƽȻʹһ֮¡

ݳ¶ԥð֮ʵϵ˼ǣ̸ͣ
ô˵Ҳûյͷ˵Ȼ赭д岻˵ǵ̫̫ڣȻˣǰ̸һ̸ӵ顣

֮ݳŵǰȥѯʹŵ˼Ƿ̸ͬ
Ϣյͷ˵
ݳĳдպͽȻҴȥԸȥ֪ͨʹ顣

ݳ˵ʹ̸ͬ
ʲôʱ򣿡ʵ
ʱ䶨պ󡣡ݳ˵
֪ˡĿ˵
պʱ䡭
ʲô𣿡ݳɫʵ
ޡҡҡͷ˵δԼĲ²˵Ĳ
뿪֮
˴̸ʲô𣿡ʵ
ҲܹλʵĿ
ʦ˼ǣʻ˵
šյֻǵ̸صȵպʱλҪǰ
ǰӽӵĻôһûбڸõĻˡ
뵽̾˿תͷԵĽ˵ҲŲ
Ϊʦδȫսء
ӣ಻ÿζʦǰ
ξõӵǰɣ
ӾԼΪ׸Ϊӱ˵Ǵʩѹ֮ǰõΪ鷳ɡ
ʦͽ£˭ҲûжԵ
պ̸
̸ĵصѡݳһ˽ͤաݳԼ͵ʿһ˸ϵʱѾͤڣΪ׵ͤڵһƳ۵ϵӡ
տʱ򣬲ûסϵı飬һ٣ջ֮һ첻£
ǰͤŵʣȻԪӤΪ
⻹̸
̸ƨ
˵õΪ޽أ
գˣôͽҪסˡ
վͺɫ˲ȻɱⰻȻ
ԵݳûæѹСϣɱɱ¡
̸ġݳ࣬紫һ㣬Ǹɱǡ
գ
ʦ𡣡վԵĽһ
ջͷһۣϵɱѹס򴽣˵ڻȥü
ڻȥĻΣΪʦһƽȥպԥ˵
ЦЦȻᶨҡͷʦһ𡣡

պ޺˵ôôɵأ
ˣ
ֻЦŲ˵
վݳһ±ƣ˵ɶôÿֲֿöһͲأ
ܿģݳⷬԻ˼ˡ
һһ߽ͤͤڵʱ̧ͷǿĿӹյˣͣ˽ϣһ˫ͫŽãֱղŲڽǰջĿ⣬ЦЦг⣬Ϊ̸ϧԸͽ
ף̫̫ϳϣʱӦǵҪ󡣡˵


ݳŵȺʹŶʱˣ׷תͷԵգȴֻһѿɫվ
лҪ˵գջ֮ƻϷƽ⣬ٱˣ
ջ֮
գջ֮ôͽܣûˣ
ջ֮
գջ֮
ջ֮ûС


52 
ٳٶ, ݳҲʶ˲, Ժ︡ĳŵĲ², ѵ
Ŀ׷תͷվŵĽ, ֻһɫƽվ
ʧ, տԪӤڵ, ֪Լʧ, ֮ˡʵĳ֮УԭĴǺһ, ˶Է򽭻, û뵽ʾȻԪӤΪղûбʤİա
΢֪ˣͲͬ⽭ˡ֪ǲܵģҲ˵ִ˷ҪǶ˳һ㲻ʮ, ܶùζù´Ρ
һ
˵仯, ղıԭĴ, ִе, ޷ԼͽܹáǽʲôԼǹأ
, ۾һǰδеǰͤŵʰγɱɭĽֱָһɡ
, ʶʱЦȤζҪͱʴһ

´ͽ̡ɫƽ˵ֳųȵָ
ݳ˵Ⱦɫˣ࿴ʵΪԶܱȣϹȻҲ֣˾۵
Ȱȴ޴ӿڡ
˭Ҳû뵽̫ӾȻϵͽܣԾ׽ͽܽȥ
ҪսĿĶ
¿ɸҴͽ̣ա
شǣһ󡱹·ʲôȤЦЦ
ˣʦ𡣡
վԵĽؿڵסյĳָֽ֣յʱֻᶶǧǰʱ֣ز¡
Ѿˡ˵Һȥɡ
ԵҪھܾĶϣңʦ𡣡

ҵɽڲûգֻҪóʲôܼ

յʹڵסݺݵҧŴֱһ
վԵĽĸĴǿҧĴ꣬˰ִᣬʦҵ㡣
ҪҾõȡЦ˵
̧ͷĿ⿴һһ㣬ɵģ˽²ϸһȥʹģǡ
̵Ľ۵ģȴ¶Цݣʦ𣬵Ӹˣְɡ

ٶĲʲԸŭֻΪǻĻ棬յǻ࣬δһʶԼܣҲδ̰ǿ
ûʦ֣ûʦֻһˡ
ǿ
Ϊڵ
ɿս֣ⴹ䣬Ŀƶǰһһŵңȥ㡣
ãӵš
ؿȻɿ֣ԥתͤȥ̤һҲδͷͬߣ˱Լ
ʿЦãʴӦ
ͤ⣬Ŀαɱ־һۣȻԥתȥ
ϡ
ݳһ뿪һԥɣջתǰ̤ͤͤЦ̵Ȼˣ²˳٣ʱǱ㶨Լɡ


շ̫ɽʱ̸ɹԼϢѾͬʱĻ̫̫ϳյ壬ΪսƽĪף̫Ӷ꣬ͻ壬Ѻá
һ̬һƬ˶Դ˵ԡη̫ƽɴп̽֡
ƩλΪ£˿ɵС
ƩѰӱ⡭
շ̫ɽ̫֮ǰһ棬̫֮ʲôҲû˵ֻһ֮̾󣬲ŵ㿴㣬ȥȡ
ԣ̧ڳĬĹһƬҹ㣿

̫ԳĬ֮˵ǣҹңҪȰο㡣
;Ϊѣȥ塣Ϊð֮󲻻䣬ɽûҪ̫԰ѻ˵գ֪ǿݺ޵֣һʱ˳һ顣
㲻©˲޵ȱܼʱ򡣡̫Ŷ˵㻹ᣬ̹Ȼʧܣѧѵ̫˳ˣҲ̫ˡ
ף㻹ҪȫʱѾ̫̾ҲòϣܳɫԶʤ㡣ͬȣ̫˳ˡ

֮տЦһ˵û뵽ٵͷѵˣСӣĿ𳤣·ϡ
ˣş̌ͷǰ̫˵صģûǸʱȥһҪץʱչѽ
˵ĶԣʧһβʧһӮǣա
̫οٺòˡ
ѽһƬġ
̫뿪֮ձͶ˿޵С
ǰδе;ȥ޽Ϊܴǽֹģܾ޷ơ
ķ޹أŲʣţһĳСԴ֮׷ѰһšػΪһ
ʰģ·صͯʱգƺץ˵β͡
ϸ꣬տ쪣˪ѩ
һļļֻأһꡣ
һļֻأһһꡣ


ʮĿޣʮĴĥǻĲʷŭջΪһǼ򵥵һͬѰһͬκһ֮չһ
ʮչأճء
ʱȥһˣվ̫ɽĿԶڡ
ŵһһ
𼱡հеĵһʱ򡣡
ʮ꣬ɱģɱѡ˵һ
ɱ⣬Ҫ˴ɱĲʶ޷ӳǿɱ
ɱһʺµ
תɽ̫ɽǰȥѰ̫ţɽ
Ŵ
µ̫ſ߽ɫʱ䣬ָܿ糣ˣ
šնͷ˵ҽѳɣǰȥһˡ

̫ɫɫԥ֮˵ҪҪٿ£ΪǱѰԶʤ㣬Ƿף

Ŀ⿴ƽ˵˺£

̫ŲתͷԱߵСʵ˺£
̫ڵӡ
էȻʵ̫ڵɫʱΪѣ֧֧ɶҲ˵
̫ż״̾˿˵ˣΪˣ㡣
һǰ˺Լ򣬱ʮȫݣһɽأɽ֮أһƣ㳩ͨ裬ֱӻӾ¹ݡ̫˵һ£Ȼ̧ͷĿ⿴ǰռͳ˧̫ӽ


53 
̫ڳĿ⿴, ˵ѾǹȥʶǸˡ

Ĭ, տڵ, ҴӦὫ, гŵʱ򡣡
⸱ģ̫Ŀ⿴˵
ʦ, ߴ·, ν;˵, 治ˣұ㽫

̫ţ⻰û˵
а, ҪɽҲ㡣̫˵, Ҳס
տһۣ˵һὫġ
˵գת뿪ˡ
ɽֱ֮ɽء
õһз˲䴫͵ɽسſڣΪֵսʱ, ɽŵĳſ̲ļϽֹͨ˳롣ձ˳, Լ, ̫, ǰԮɽء
һʱȻ
̫ϣ
ôɽ, ˵ڱչ𣿡
⻹˵𣿵ȻΪͽ


ŶϵЩޱһϮѩ׵̫ڵ۴Գֱɱζŵĵһĵųضĺ⡣
̫ڵ̫ϳ, һһɱǧȡ׵򽣵ס
˵𽥵ȥη¡
سǵʿŲҵ飬æתͨһȥһλģˡ
̫̫ϳգŴسǽ˵󡣡
սе
˵ɡ
Ȼ˳ǡ

ɽصĳѾӵϢ˳⣬ǰæӭȥսеϡ
տ
û뵽ϻˡɽس˵˽֪ʮǰչز˵ǰýȼü֮
ɽسЦһ˵ǿ̫սǷ˿ɵҳؾֻҲ֧Ų˶á
Ŀ⿴ʵʱս
աɽس
һͬսյ
˴ƣɽس

Ŵ򿪣һϮѩ̫ڵ۵ŵһžŴһͬս̧ǰһۣΪ׵ǸǸˣһ
ȡвŵɱһȻⷴűɱ⣬ִ̹ǡڿն˳ǰֱȥֱΪĴϮȥ
ǰ״ʱ¶һ̬֪˭ʮǰȺססе
ʿǰչȥȴһն䣬֮ѪĽһڡ

״ʱһ¶־壬ʮǰڵˣ
ʤ㣬ʶһ㣬־岻ѣȻɥʧս⶷־תӡ
ˣ²ӣѸ̶˾룬ʮʱһնȥֻѪųĽͷ­䣬ϵĴͷ֮˲䵹ء
ɱ̧֮ͷĿԶԶؿһԶפ֮ȻתȻȥ
صɽؾǰӭӵݾĿ⣬ճʾзָӽѷףĻɢ׷ʱ򡣡
һٶѪڣֻǻսӿˡյͷʾȻתǧһгȵλʿҳ׷
һȣս죬׷
Ѫս
վؿսޱ飬еɱĽļ̹ǵĺ⡣
һսɽӭݡ
ҹƻͨӪϲˣ;ʿ
նһ˾ֵľӪУһԣ̵Ļҫϣȴֻ԰׵ļͺ¶ȵĮգһˣֵȺУԵôĸ롣
ͬʱ
Ӫ
𣿡һϮڳüĿݿٱĽӪڣ˵Ȼˣʵ
ԳĬһ˲Ȼʵմս𣿡
вս˵ٻůĵƻҫüĿȴºֻͣ顣
ǡ

ٴνɽأɽشսӭУ죬һʧֲֿٳֻɱ죬Ȼ˻ɽشУ׷


һգնɽشȴδ̫ӽ
ҹɽؾӪ
üͷתǰǰȥ
뽫ʿƺתͷȥЦк£
֪̫Ϊβսʵ
ȾƺȵͷЦ˭֪ˡ
Ц˵˲ҳ˰ɣ

üͷǰȾƺȵɫһԲת뿪ˡ
ʲô
ʲô⡣
ղŽ빥򣬽ʲôˣҰ֮ˣбԵɡ
嵽׷ʲô
ЩʽĲյģȲҪ֪
ָա
ɽشսӭУھǰԵļλʿСֹزĸɣ
Щֵ׵һ̲ˣ߲ʮУ˵Ҳ˹ˡЩ֪ϵĶ֣ôһϸͲˣ
˭֪أ


ЩʿĶԻüĿǺ֣Щ˭һ㡣Ѿôλ޴ͳ˧Ҳٷͬľߴ
ֻ˵ǹġ
뵽յɫı⡣
һΡ
ûɱǸնһۣȵղɱ㣬һȥҴ̫ӣϴɾǲҾȥѺľûץԲء
һۼһĴɫ԰׿־壬˿֮ģˣһͷһۣı⡣
Ӫ
ӪڵĽĻɫ䲻˵֪ˣȥɹԳս
ǣ
뿪֮ϷλĽ¶һЦʦǣһļûġ
̧ͷĿңԶ·͸ڿĳһ㡣

ɽس⡣
һϮѩ̫ڵ۵ھǰĿǰǰޱϵڳ۵̫ӽ
ʮδˣƺû䡣
ü۱֮ӵĳ죬ҲӵĮ˼ΪߵϺҲӵĳ쿡׵ȥԵɬͲ죬ǳɳΪȵˡ
մϣϡ˼ջ֮ģ
ʦ𡣡е
ʦʱֺ͵һģ㱼շ·ص˹ȥǸ̫ɽºǳЦþµĻꡣ
δʦһͳ˵
ĻվѹĿⶢĮ˵㵹Ǳ˲٣Ϊʦûϳ㡣
ɫ䣬̾˵ʦ㲻ġ
òò˵㡣ҴӦ㣬ȥгŵ
ʱȥ֮㲻Ҫɽ˰ɡ˵
Цˣζ˵ʦ㻹ǡ
ϻ˵սɣΪʦʮĳȵȻְγĵһ˪¹ĽԽջӽǰɫŽνû˿ͳɡ
ĿעȻγĺڽ䣬˪׵ĺڽ·ˡ
ʦͽ˿а㣬սϼѪս˭Ҳû飬˭Ҳûг
භ޻ڣһһʽԳŶԸ֡
ˣܿǵķâսʦͽ
ʦĽԽֲˣղĽĿ⿴溬Ц˵
³ͣΪſɲ
ʮ꣬Ѿǽ𵤴ԲˣٶȿҪСĸӿֲ
Ҷѡ
䣬ʮؽ档
˭Ҳռ˱ˣ˭Ҳκβ˭
ȥУ
յüĿ޷ƷĽѷǵ꣬ʹǷֶΣƷ
ϣձ˾̧Ŀⶢǰһ
ԭΪ׼û뵽ϡ
еһһֱֱǰȥƿնХ䣬·䣬ȥļֻأ桭
һʮʮĥһ
κﲻЦһ
΢ЦĿ촽΢ʦ𡣡

յɫȻ䣬ʶʲôĿ͵ضǰȻڡһ
ǽдƤ⣬

һѪ쭳˲Ⱦյ˫Ŀ
յǰ˲ȫˣĿŵĿǰĿڱһɱѪ鲻˲˸Ѫ˵ĵĽ
촽䶯ðɳƵĲ˵Ϊβ㣿
Ϊ㲻Ц˵ʦҶ㲻Ľٰ

˵õĺΪʦһͬȥ̫ɽҲ뿪𣿲˵õĵƭӣƭӣտȦ΢ǿǿţԭôƭ˵𣡡
ǰô֪
ᣬֻһΡ

ǰգ΢Ц˵ʦһȥɡ
˵գſ˫֣ǰδеᣬϲʦС¥Ƭ֣ɣҲǳʦǰҲҲʧƭˡ

Ȧ쿴΢΢˱ۣһȻʱĿѾ侲һγ˵һѪʱ쭳ߣȻǰһֽס˵˵Ľ
˲飬ɺѪʱȾһ֣տŻɫ԰Ѫֹȴʼ΢ЦŵĽ뵽ԭ˿ôѪ
ʦ𣬲Ҫѹֱϣ˵ֻǻʽߡ
Ц˵ԺҲͲصĵˡ
ƭӡ
տֻ˵֣ƭӣ
εЦЦʦһЦһֳԼĵ͵ڽȥʱʺѪȾ֡

տľٶŵĽе㣬㵽ʲô
ʦ£Ǻ±𿴡һЦŰʹĵģһ㶼ʹ
һִ߽ԼĵͳֻѪܵһŽɫӣУСڸɾһǵ·ϲţֱûһ˿ѪŲݸǰգʲ壬ֻͷ߶ѣΪ˲ѪӶǣΪ
ڵѪкľʱҪҡ˵ЦһҲ⣬ֻʦǰ
ܹ֮ԪӤΪһѪʦҽҵͿͻƽӤ˵нɫСķŵУʦҽĶ

Ҳ̲סεҺڽֱϣֱ࣬Ķʹˡ
ʦ𣬱ѹޡǿĲ԰׵ЦˣӲʹ
յʹͷսе飬ȭ߬ş֮̌ͷͨˮ۾Ż꣬ǿЦˣġ
ԸԶԡ
õ˳ŵʱЦˣЦüΪġ
Ľеĺڽݸգ˵պ󣬱ػʦɡ
սӹеĽɳɤţһġ
Цˣ۾ʦˣ˯ˣģû¡
˵գ۾Զ˯ȥˡ
۾һ̣Ҳ̲ס۾תͷ
ս˿һƬֹͣˡ
Ψˮڵص
ã֪ȥ֮
վһźڽ˻е꣬ез˲Ϣͻ̫ɽ
סС¥ǰϣǰԸȻǿ飬֮һֱѸٵӿҪͻƽˡ
ﵽʱѸٵĺȥٽ١
˾žŰʮһ٣Ϊٵľž٣ѪǿͻƽΪݣ֮
һϢնɹһ׽٣Ĺڵأʹͷĺڷɢڵϣ˺һõļϢķ·һҪȥһָ޷ȴ֪ͻȻ͵ץסԵĺڽս˺ڽ԰ױϱŷǰδеļͻںޡ
ҵĴ
̫Դˡ
ٶɹɢȥ콵⣬޲塣
翪ѵļ޲ãָ˰ϸ壬˿ϡջָ壬ԪӤźڽӵδȥΪֱһз͵˱
˱ֱ֮򶼳ǡ
ʹ
ԪӤգ˿ɵҲû˸ҵ֮㣬ʹ
ѭʵϢҵ
ͷᣬϵڰƳ۵ĿעЦſڵҾ֪
֪Сӽ֮ұ֪ôһ졣˵̾˿û뵽Сܹزʻǵ͹
㲻֪ɡ̧ͷĿ⿴Ц˵СΪʱץסвСӣСӱϾѪᣬõҲò
СΪ˲ñʶ㣬ԲΪУܶҶɱģǴɡ̾ϢԭΪزţ˷û뵽ȻԾǱˡ
ѵΪƾܹԸʣҲӤѡ̧ͷĿ⿴Ц˵ˣСȪ֪᲻Ŀ
Ŀ俴ΪĻǰδеļᶨǰδеʱ˿ֻһͷɱ
ԣνˡ
γڽһǰʺȥ
룬۵һѪų
ɺѪȾյ۾ɱ׾١
ȴδаɡ
ޱվźڽѪϲϵ䣬ĵ׻һƬޱϲ
أǰһѣΣããһƬתվһ㡣
ʱԼվ˱ϤĴϡ
˪
վʮλͬŮޣ඼ãȻɡ֮ɫûӦһ㣬Ƕ˫ֿտգΨбһǽȻǺڽ
ձźڽϱ𽥻̧ͷϷȥǰ߸ϵĺϣºڷһ˫һ
ԭЦŵ𡭡ջ֮૵޺
лҪ˵ջ֮ͨصĸԸΪΪΪϺڽ
ϲϲڽͨ
Ůޣ
һMMP
գҲһ䣬㣡


54 
ɱһ˲, ȻСص˪, վ˪ڣɫ㱣һƬ԰׼͸, վͷ·Ǵƿˡ
ϸ, ҫ, ȴ顣
ɫɢŵȴݺӵı, 񼫽ϵ, 뵣¸ͣ, ͬˮһϵ¡
޷ֹͣ꣬޴йıˡ
˪ĺ, ô̹ǵʹ, 䵽
ͬ޷޷ӵĻϷϵǵעӵĿ⣬֮, ղſˣ̧ͷϷȥǸںϰºڷĿһ, ī
տջ֮šͽһģһɫһ˲㱣ֺܿĳȥ, Ҳͬһˡֵĺջ֮ͬˡ
뵽±һʹսĳһθǰվ޷ģͻ뱣ȴ
û뵽˺ڽأԴյ̧ԿȥֻһϮȹһĿſ̾˵㵽ôǸħͷõڽģȻˡ
Ҳûϡһµı˵

Ļںڵ۽ëһ£Ż͸¶ϢպʶʲôȴʲôҲδʣ˵Եɺ϶ѡ
²Ǻʵѯʱ
ԲΪȻǻԵɺ飬û˪ôɫеıոǿŮ޶ûɫԣҲδʡ֮ʲôɵ飬Լ֮ǰСڵľֻľ¡
Ƕ˽̸ʱ˪ڵŮҲĿ⳯տбŵĺڽϣȻ䵽ϣɫ̽Ѱ˼
Ǵ̽ѰĿⲢδ̫ãΪջ֮ˡ
߸߶ں˵ϣ¡
վջܸ֮ߣͦ޳һߴɡһĴӸ߸˪׵̨£ͬǹ¸ߵֱ̳ĳ·ȥںʼն
ߣ˼䡣
һѩزڶķ˪ϯ˺쳾
еŮ޶ȵĿһĻɫھĿ̽ѰĶǶˡ
ջ֮ǰͣפ㣬޳ߴӰ·Ҫ˶¡

΢΢ʹе˼ȫڣ¶ֺ̽Ѱ
ĬţԲ
վǰջ֮΢΢ͷ
֮ſڵһ˺ڽԼһ󡣡
һ£ջ֮Ŀ⿴ڵκ󣬲ܶףӦ㡣

ֱ̧ҲκҪ󡣡

ջ֮ԳĬһ£Ȼ롣
룬ҶԹ󡣡侲˵

ջ֮һۣһԲȻתȥ
뿪˪ԭѹֳĬ˪һ¾նɣűŮǶʱɫɣһˣʵ̫ˣڶӰ
ʱڣҲٿˣϻجΡ
ǿ£Ȼ鴫ĺҡ


տȺŮƺΪΪɵǿ־壬ˡǶջ֮Ӱö˵Ŀⶼܿջ֮ǿջ֮ʱһʹı顣

ԣջ֮ʲô
˵Сڣʲô
뿪˪
СھΣص
صһɫʹʣʾ
㣬ȻܹӼĵжڽôģһӵı鿴С֮ǰĲһţͳ޽磬ħˡ
ϸ˵ա
ؼ̵ĸ˵һСľСʱҲһصʮʱΪǸ磬ڽ̫ڣǸ̫ڶڡ
ǸС磬ڽһмĵʿУû취ֻðǸɣһѵԼһѰһӼߺڽǰڵξһֱһԼǸǱɱ˶ᱦķɵĸоѹôģͷ˲٣ÿ춼ڸ
û֣ľͱݺ˱ѡϳΪʦšӱ׷ɱһϵвҵĲܸҵأ
ôôң
һͬҵһûиеӧȥ׷ɱȻ׷ɱǼٳûĺڽ档ΪսǿΪ˽ƻݣһ·׷ɱŴαѲ˵Լˣ㷭ˡҪسũʹбֶΣֻҪ
׷ɱʧ֮󣬼ѣͶ·ħħһ·ȥħһͳħħۡ
ؾˣ⡢⻹ôڽ
ĳħ֮תͷ͹޽磬ΪŵӵеħӻԾսû취ĳħۣҪڽֻɱȥսôɱ
ǼĵħƲɵС֮ǰѾȫݣ翹ʿħѾɽ£ʱҪɽϡ
ΪԼ˵ʱС磬áþˣ
ʱص˪ؼᶼˣٺŵĸо̫ˣ
㲻֪ҵʱжм㡣һпĶ˵ҵ
Ķոп֪ôһ찡ôѶԸ֪Ҿ͡Ͳ׷ɱˣֶ͵Ҳеİ

Ŀ⸴ӵĿ׻û˵ʲô̫ˣ˼˵ʲôˣͻȻôһ㣬ȻԼҵʱӦȥˣ˱ԼҾͰοˡ
һȣľҪ˺ܶࡣ
ˣĳһĿ⿴źĹâ˵ʲôϵ
˭֪ء
յʲôϵҪˡ
ԣصͷȷˣҲûϵˡǰɲܹǵġ
û˵
һ߳˪⣬ԶԶؾͿǰĴҶ껡
أ껿شе
ؿɫʱһݣ󲽳ȥ磬ûڵʱûʲôɣ
ʲôί˵
ҲŴҶȥҶǰͣ¡
ҶüĿⶢ԰׳Ĭӣð֮˵ʲô
ģʶ˵
á
Զ˪¥ϣһϮºڷջ֮߸վ棬ɫעȥӰ۵ɫް塣
лҪ˵գҷ·ȥ˸ٵС
Ůޣǲžȥ˸ٵС磡


55 
ϡ
Ҷһ, ̡༫, ɫζȫĸɫİӣֱǰ䷹껺Ŀɿڴ
ۣҲ̫˰ɣ껾̾˵Ϊ˾Ȼ, ϵսµ˳
ǰ, Ĭһʶ
ĿĿʶ, ȻʵΪϲģ
̫, Ҫ𡣡˵

Ŀⶢ˺ð, ȻŤͷŴҶ˵ʦôˣ
ҶתͷԵ, ͷ˵ϲԵ㡣
껡
оʦùֵֹ, ʲôϱɵ
˵ûڶһƶ, ŸƱΪȻ˵, ̫࣬
껡
ã
ȵŮǸٵǾ²صǴӲȾƵã
һ˼ı鿴ԺȾˮأ·𿴵ʲôŵ顣
ʲô飿ؼ״ʱЦһ, лֱ˵
㲻ǲȾƵ𣿡˵
ǰȣںȡ¶ı飬˵ǺȾˣ˭뵽, ھһʮɱй϶أ
ũʹǺսսɣҲǺö֮ˣʮսսһ㡣СЩ꣬ؽ𵤣һ·׷ɱģǾħսɱԼǲ꼸ࡣս֮ĥսɱģǿս
Ǹٵ㡢ʫ黭Ѿˣǽɱвݵء

Զʱܵ˾ţðʲô
ʣʾǡЦһ˵Ȼͷһھơ

껼ˣϱˡ
˪ʲôɡҶɫѰԵ
ɫ˼˪淢˲˵顣Ǵͷβȴһ仰δգ𣿷ҲֻԸ˵㲻ʡ
ҶǶյģԶ֪ҪʲôǡΪ
֮նһ˷˷䣬ҶĿȥԶ˱ӰʧջĿ⣬תȥʰӡ
ҹܾ
羲ĵģһ˿·ߵĵƻٻƵĹâĺҹ
նԲʯСط䣬ԶԶأ㿴ǰվһˣһϮȹҹҲĿ̺䡣
̳ϡ߽ˣе
̧̺΢΢Цˣѡ
ҹҽݺȱ߶𣿡̺˵
ֻҪϲݲղá˵Ȼǰȥ򿪷ţ
̺˽ȥݡ
ڡ
̺Բԣȡ˲߲ݲ衣һϮµüĿ续ݶ廪ӳӣĲƴ˼õԻ߳ľˡ
¿ˣƻá
̺¸пλǶһ޶ˣˡ޽磬ȱı顣
ʿ鵭
ѹֺ
ǰ̺䵹һ裬˵̳á
̺ӹ˲豭һڣȻ£ɫ˼οһ㡣
Ҳߴ٣ֻǰ
̧̺֮ҽҹǰֻЩ㣬֪Ȩ
Բδ˵ǰٻƵȾüۣȴ͸űĹ
Ϊ԰ǰδйԭľаĽΪ޷ٽ̺˵ǿЦǣǹԼҲ֪Ľڡ
ͷ·һزĲȴ֪ԼʲôԹΪ˽ľ̫þԼʶΪǧÿһʶΪͬˣ̫þڵС羭һһ̺˵̧ǰĬգǰ޷ľ֮ԼĽڶҲǧͬȴ޷ġ
ֱһǰһԣ˵ԵѵԵӦµһˡ̺˵˻ᡣ
£̺俴յɫ͵Ϊ¹عľԴ˴˻һֱ粻ö֪
˻ԴӰջ֮ľ˻СһֱǱԵǷȥջ֮ľ⡣
̺俴ǰɫƺ޶Եգ̾˿˵ʶˣÿһһ档ǺõģǻģǿģСġ㣬СЩǹȥģСһжͶӰ֡
Сĺǹʶû̺̾˵ǸˣȻҲǡ
ǡտ˵̺䣬ǰδе侲ҲδеѣǣԼ
̺¸̾ϢǴ˵ǣǣڽѡҲշ˺ڽ
Ϊȫõĸ㣬ڽӵеĵõģϣڽ㣬Ժڽѡ㡣̺˵
ԳĬ£Ȼ̧ͷЩջ֮˵ġ

̺գգ۾㷢˰
Ҿ˵ᱻ֡Сֹ˾䣬Ȼ̧ͷգһȻѾ㷢ҾûҪټȥı飬ƹˤϵûǹġ
ͣĿԡ̺˵
仰˵ġ䲻˵
̺䡣
˵ûϵ
ôϤˣ
տ˵Ҳµˣûµǲ㷽Ҳֲˡ
ʵܶ࣬ĵȻǽźջ֮һģһģСûлƣΪҪһξѪһʶ̫þڽ˵ʶʶ޷ָģѪҲڣȻ޷ȼơ̫˵֪Ƶʱձ㿪ʼˡ
ٱ磬СڣûŮޣ˵ǲͬһ硣ôŮޣٵҲͬʱӵ֮С磬صǡڽֻһȫûҪǷڲͬС磬ǡ
ÿ綼һڽ
ֱɱСʱһֱ޷ɻͨĵطȫˣеС綼ֻһڽеС綼õģΨкڽʵġ
̫þԺڽΪ֧Ŷģһ˺ڽô̫þСȻҲͲڣ˱ع顣عĲǵˣǵʶ
ǲС磬ǵʶǵΪ߲ܳǵսյս߿𵤺һս̫þΪһֱͣڽ𵤴Բ޷Ӥ⣬̫þˣܹ֮ͻӤջ֮ȡ


Ҫһǣڽջ֮ıΨõջ֮Ͽɵˣܹõڽܹͬɡҵڽءշ˪
εõջ֮Ͽɣջ֮ԼҲ֪顣
֪


56 
ŵҹ
, յĵȼ, ٻůӳüۣϵɫʼն޶Եġ
ǰ̺俴䵭ɫ°̾һֻ÷ټ˵, еǷ۱ĸΪӡ̺ȡһ׵Ʒŵ, ǰ, ˵ѩ, ƾӦһ󡣡
ǰ˵õͨصĽ, ûоܾ
δܾ̺һο, ܹ黹δǨŭ˵ҹ, ұ㲻߶, иǡ
վ뿪
̺뿪֮, תݣվԲǰϵѩƣָ΢΢ĦƣĽмֺ, ɫģһ̻ﰨѩѩɽһĿӡš֡
ѩɽ

˻, ǰȺȥ
ͬҶҲ㷵ɽɣǰ껺պʹҶ
֣һ֪ʱټһѷֵıǰҶ˵ƺҹһٷ֮껱һ֮ǰԴҶľηһǺֵܵļơ
Ҷ޶ãǸ̬ͻ飬ҶҪ䵭ˣֻ˵޲ɢϯ
껡
ûӻ
ԱߣҲͬ˵Ż
Ƿһ飬պҪزҴǡǸ˵̬ȶҪ֮ǰ׽硣
ʩԮ껣ԭŴ˴˻Ҳǻ飬ûᣬͷӵĳһ顣ŵԹԲᵱʲôδ
ԣҡҡͷ˵̸δ̫ˣֻС¶ѣع⡣
ЦЦССݣҲö֪ͼ
˵ˣҲ˵ʲô
ôˣԵټ˵ЦЦȻתߵԴšһ껵ǸĶǰҶ˵ָ鷳ˡ
Ҷҡͷް
أ»ͷ껲Ľе
תһЦʲôأ

껱ɱЦӸסˣ˵
ϢһڣȻ뿪ˡ
뿪֮
ʲô
ҶĿһֱ뿪껺Ӱʵ
ûʲôҡҡͷ˵ֻǾЩ֡
ԣҶЦˣҶֵã֪ദԼ˱ְɡ
տһۣѵҲʦֵʦʦǲҵ𣿡
ҶʱƿڣֻϴҴˡ
֪մȵԭպʦֻĪҪ˵ӰǶ˸Ļ
ҶűˣЦЦ·Щʦƺ˲١
ǰѩɣķХͣĺ⣬պʹҶ뿪
ڳԶʱջͷһۣԶǸ߸ߴŵޱ޼ʵ긲Űѩѩɽ
ѩ
뿪ʱ֪иվߴıϣĿȥ
һ߳򣬴ӷѩһļůĴյˬջӭյĶ磬ԶɫȣǺεȵķḻʡ
һһᣬٻᡣ

ɽɡ
ȥʱȣȥʱҪԵüȶˣƼˡպʹҶһʱ㷵ɽɣصŵһȥǺӡ
ˡڣǺӿ·վŵĴҶնˣ˵
ԹҶͣϣЦ¶˿Цݣĺܺãˡ
գգ۾Ȼ˵УҲ̫ࡣ
ԣǺЦЦδ˵һ仰飬СͽܰҪǿٿҲ˵һ䣬Ӱ۵ġ
յѩƵϢձ㴫ˣմ˸Ѷǵֻ˵һԽձԹһЩϸڽ˻Сľ˵һ顣
Ǻӵ˵ͷ˵ջ֮
ջ֮Ľѽ⣬Ǳ㲻谭ջ֮ǿƱ̬ǿĹֵ츳ʣĲʱΪĻۣ˾͸ͻƽˡ
ɫ˼дջ֮ħˣħʮƺҲйء
ԣճĬһ£ɵС龰
ǺӿɫЦЦδ˵ʲôºʵѩԼŻϽţ
ҡҡͷ˵ãŰɡ
ǺɫЦŲҪģҵţΪʦȥָԵ
ûԵĵرˣԽԽֵǮԽáرûϢ˵ģԵõǺ۵ĺ𣡻ǮֱӡԵˬһʹһˬǻǮֻˬˬ
ղòϣ֮Щ˻Ե飬ʱڲȥƴƴˣֻš
˵ǸԵûСʮĸջ񣬵ֵްꡣȣ˭лܹػءʮͷһģ´˶Եĸ򣬶Ե̣Ҳһ飬δë©ȱһ顣ľϵͻƸ֮ϲĿȥ
ߣСݵͻƴﵽԪӤΪһԪӤͻƺ٣Īĺô򵥵˵ѾӵԪӤľ磬ǷȱΪֻҪΪʱͻƽӤʵϴС緵֮ձѾͻƽļ󣬾㲻ܵӤҲͻƵжλߺΣոѹȥˡǽҪѹΪģؽǻὫΪѹһ磬ȻȥӱĴĥĽ⡣
վԪӤܣҲܹʮеģǰת͵ܡ
һ㣬ҲҪһ㣬ɱʵһƽǿһԶɱɱһǾ׿һ
СΪȽʮ꣬һһļֻأ̲صȻΪ˰γ˵һȻȻı˸ֵһ
һ򽭻ɱ䣬
˴
Ǻӿյɫ˵ҪĻǵҪĵرǽҪʲôĵر
ǽ޲ǿ޵
ա
ʦ˵ĺֱ׳صһܷ
ֿ࣬ޡ
˾Һ
ҶյԴˣʦá
ҹɽϰɣʦ㡣
տ˵á
ҹ
ڷڴϢطŴⱻ졣
۾ǰȥ˷ţֻһϮɫ۵ĴҶվ⡣
ʦ֣ɻе
ҶЦʦãҪҪҹӣ

ɻĿ
ʦ֪߱ˡҶ˵Ȼ֡
տǰİ޳֣ԥĵݹȥԼ֣Ҷץס֣Ц˵߰ɣʦãǶ˽ҹ飡
лҪ˵Ҷʦã˽ɣ
գ
ҶĿڣʦãҳ߰ɣ
գã
Ҷƻͨget
˵ҳߣйŮ¾˽ˣ


57 
ʦ, ȥ
ܿ͵ˡ


ˡ
ǰһƬǳ֮¹ĺǹͷ׹ں, Ĺӳ
ǰޱͷͱ߼ʵǹ, һޣǡתͷԵĴҶ, ѯʡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵, 
аɡ˵
ȥɡҶĿЦݿӲ͡

գҹΪ˵㣿
Ҹ˵, Ҫʦ, ҶҪ񾭲ˣ¸һ£, ǿĵ˵ͷ˵аɡ
Ҷ仰Ӧ, ߵһ԰߽׼ͣı۸˹ڴͷ, Űϵк, ʦÿϴ
׼, ĵʲôʱ׼ĴŸջûʱŪôһ
ǰ˼Ȼżһ㣬ƮƮ˴ϡ
ʦãˡҶЦŶ˵, ȻҡŽۻسҡҷζš
ҶڴͷŴԲĴߣ˸԰˭Ҳδҹֻܰľˮ
ҹķᰲģ֣Ĵţһֻ繵ḧ˵պͷޣڶϵϸ˵һ˲Ͱź촵硣
ֽϱ紵ҵķ˿ɫĿ⿴ԶֻԶǿպܵͣ͵ķ·ˮӣһſ˸ӣͬ׹˺УĹ
īģǳģˮľġ
̧ͷͷǿգ׵ǺӹᴩŲ񷣬·ͷͷ
ͣ£ֹ˺롣
Ҷȡ͵һգʦɡ
㰡տһֽۣӹеͣͶˮС
ڴߣĴ
Զˮһߣǳ׹УĹһſ˸
ͷ֮ϵǺӣͻһţŵͷͷңң
ѽҧˡһͣһ׵ϸС˴ϵˮͰ
ʦĲе츳Ҷ
ֹһᡣ
Ϲˣֽһ
ҧˡ


ʱ֮
ˮͰѾŲ㣬ȫյģҲ˵Ҷһ㶼û
Ŀ⸴ӵĿ˭ĵ㣿
Ŀ⣬Ҷɫ̹Ȼ治ɫͣߵһˮͰ˵Щ๻ˣȥʦ㣬Ҫʲôζģ
ͿɣըСҲС˵ﻹе̵ģֵأ
УšҶ˵ȻĴӴȡܺ͵ϣóҶ˺ͺܲ

գʦ㴢ﵽ׶Щʲô
ҶعͷƢЦЦ˵ֻ㲻ӪԵ߲ˣش䡣

գʦַ·͵̫̫
һԣŴҶЩ߲ˣ𽥵̻Ϣʳ⿵һ˲ǺӲص˼쳾
ҶֺÿտǰѲ˵ˣ˵ɾַ̲ס˳죬¸пίʦأǿý֡
ʦǺʱģղɵһ䡣
ǵˡҶһ߿еͷҲص˵˶ٶ㽫ʳŪ¿ڵֶΣҶǰҲˣֻ֤ʳܳԣʳúóζս塣
ǸģȻû˵еĳԾͲ˾Ͳô࣬СǻСǸյ壬ǱҶģҶΪΣһֱչܿʳ죬Ͳ֪ĻһֺóաǺӶʱʱĹܿϼ䡣ҲԼǴҶ̫ˣպٹҲδܸĵڸ֮
ˡ
ȴҶõĲ˶ʱִըСɣʳָ󶯵Ŀ㣬ԼҶˣܲ⣬ԭöոо˸дļС
ʦˣҾͲ˵ţ˿ӼһСҧ˿ڣִִģʱĵ۾ӯЦ⡣
ĴҶı飬ŵҲɵ΢Ц
Աڴͷ۾΢΢ϵı뵡˯
أǰһ⴩˺صĺҹ˺ҹĻԲ䣬˼䡣
֮⣬һҹȻȥ
˯һ˲˹ǰһĿ⣬Ŭǰ
Զߣɫ䣬Ů˼䣬ɫԲޱߵĺŮǳȹڡ
һ׵Ĺ⣬ˮ
һ׵Ĺ⣬
㣬㡭㣬׵Ĺ⣬ˮ۳׵Ĺ⣬ҹǹ⡣
ղɵҹӲ׹˼ǹ⣬Щǹ·һҹ˻عڲ֮ϡ
Զڽɫˮϣ׹۳һ׵ǹ⳯ԶȥϵķȥнԶ
ʧ˺ˮɫС
һĻΨ𺳣ԭأĿþԶ档
ˮҶ֪ʱ󣬳˵ѰͬЩĺ
ҹˮжϷҷˮУĵһ⽵٣Ǳˮͬһ㣬ŹȥϵطȥֱڹСҶ˵ҹ׵ǹ⣬ʱΪ׹еӡ
˺Ϊ׹Ǻ
̧ͷԴҶ΢΢ЦˣԲµսȾϣˮУˮԵĽŮȹڣζллʦ֣ҺϲǹҲζ
һҹ
˵ҶҲЦˣʦϲá
ʦչգС

պʹҶĹһҹδ飬ٻʱ°մȾ峿¶顣
ĹſڣһϮ۵Ǻǰɹʦöˡ
ϢˣǺӶŴҶ˵ѧմʦҹˡ
Ҷӣδ˵
û´ΣǺĿ侯ƳһۣȻתͷԱߵգɫ֮պϲ٣۵ɫο˵ÿıá
ЦЦ˵ʦСɺܺóԣҵŶֵģȫҵģʦֺûãҪ㣬һ㶼û
ǺûáǺͬĵͷתͷŴҶ㻹ʦá
һ类ʦĴҶֻÿЦһҪ˲ҷ
˵ɡǺкҶն˽ݡ
ڡ
Ǻӿ·˵ŸĽѾˣ¸ǰȥ¹Ժ԰¹Ժӵڰ¹Ժаꡣ

ԣɫҲԣ
ΪβУǺƽ˵¹ԺѾͬ⡣

գҲУ
ð֮ղųʵ԰¹Ժӵڰ¹Ժָʲô˼¹Ժݡ
˼ǰ¹Ժӣ¹ԺһеһͬСǺ˵


58 
ǺӻĵһӦ, ҪѧģҲҪѧ
ǺĿ⺬ЦȻ

վˣŸĽ˭İȥѧϰѧϰǿ𣡰¹Ժʲôط޽ıһȥѧѧѧϰ, ǲΪ
·ѾǸ桭
, պԥڵʦ, ǸްĽް
ҪԷƱΪʦ㡣ǺĿĿ
ǵԼԼ˵
Ĳܻ𣿡մ, , ҲҪҲа
֣Ǻ߳һ䣬ǻռµӱˡ

գҵռұ, ҿΪա
ѳɶ֣ٷҲ, һºֻùԹԵʰǺɽȥ
, Ҷɽ, ¹Ժʥ˵, ᱲԽΪ, ҵ, ʦò̫ǳء
ԣ̧ͷһҵЦݣʦҲǸѧ𣿡
⻰ڰο, ѧûϵѧҲûϵǽֲԡ
ҶԣԶԡ
Ŀ⿴ǰգ̾˿ʦαذѻ˵ֱףİ
ȥɣʦáҶֻͷο

ϵЦݸǿˣܾôҶ⻰·һ֡ˮı׳У·һȥء
ȥ˰ʦ֣ʦ֣˵ûܻĻԺһԺĻݲֻèͰʦ˰ʦһҪչ˺ǰճŴҶҲ˵
ʦã¹Ժʲô̶ѨҶ̲ס
ղЦһҾǡ
Ҷ
ߣϻôǺ߳һҲݱ׳·𿶿û˵ѵẦ㲻ɣɴ߱ȿ־һ¹Ժ͹ȥˡ

գʦҪʦص
ǡǵˡ
߿ߣǺһ͵ı飬߸
ҪǸˣɲܴӰվбҪԼʦԤ룬ʱĿɲһ˵˵ģƤ¶ʱʦʦ߳ŭ鷳ԩ޴˵ˡ
գί[jpg]
ֲҪȥ¹ԺģǱȥģ
б¶ѵΪʦ𣿡Ǻ⻰ʱЦˡ
Ҿ֪ʦ뷽跨뷣ң϶Ӳ˳ۺܾˡԶʱץǺӵСӣµ
Ǻӡ
޿̣һֱոɽ
Ǳɽȥġ
ʦǲǲ̫ãʦûġҶĿԵʦͽɱĲҰ̲ס˵
ʲôãѵҪϻȥûʱ𣿡Ǻӽ˶ɽȥ֮һˬı飬һȥ¹ԺһˣһҪȥı飬ҿƽ̫
Ҷ
ǣʦڡ
벻ҪжΣʦ𡣡Ҷ

һѧ˵̵ʲôȥ廪飬ǲȥ飬ȥ裡
վԼھȥ¹ԺȺѧѧ·ϣһŽޣ۽Ųκˣˣ⵽ԵǵµŤ
յĹյ˰¹ɽµİ¹ǣǰ¹Ժĵһɽʥ˳࣬;¹ɽɽ㣬ˮɽ飬ǺĶ츣ء˽ܣʥڴ˿ɽɣͽǰ¹Ժ¹Ժʥء
¹ǰ¹ԺĽۼڰ¹ɽµѧӼˡ֮ǣ˾ۼڣڱ˴䣬׳ٲʢ˳ǡŰ¹Ժ޽ʢǰ¹ǵʿʤ¹ҲԽԽʢ٣ʥǡ
ԶԶر㿴һӲɣİʯǳأʯĸʳǽΰΡ롣ǽʿѲǣף׳ǹ߶Ѳߣ롣
ǰ¹ˣڳǳſڵϷĿŰ¹Ĵ֡
⴫ǳʥ˵׼ǿ̳ģʵñдģõʥ˵ıʣʥ˵֣ʯ߷֣ʯڣⱥ˪ò˵İ¹֣ǳһ㣬أɷٲʢ
ջĿ⣬ǰ¹ȥǰźܳĶ飬ǡվȺУȺŶӵˣŮУΪˣѴ࣬ųڣΪڵ𵤡Ǻܵ͵ˣųмϲ
ֻ֮Ϊڵʿǰ¹ǣѵ¹ǽջʲô°⣬˸⡣䳤ǳѯĺܿ죬ֻһӱ㵽ա
ʾͨص飬һе飬Ȼ̧ͷһۣʵǽޣ
ǡ׵
¹Ϊ£
ѧ
Ŀ⿴һۣȻЦŬ
˵գе齻ǡ
ա
ô£ѵѧô¹ǵ˵
һ±ƵĽ˳ǣ΢ˡ
֮
һīӭ¹еĿﶼһŨŨī㣬¾죬̧ͷȥֻĴ鷻ַͲ¥ʫݡǴϣҲڷīֽԼ黭̯ǳضŨŨī㣬Щ˸ڴϻīܻ䡣
ǰԶǽǰһŸͰվǽǰĿǽϣֻǷ۰׵ǽһƥͼߴ䣬̤ɳۣëѩף֣̬
Ȳͨ黭ˣҲܿһû˻Ƿ̾һ䣬ȻſڿͼǽǰˣˮͰóһϰѣϰϲ֪ʲôǽһˢԭĿͼʧ˴롣
ϰɷǽһˢǷĿͼʱʧӰ٣ֻһƬѩ׵ǽڡ
Ƚ⸱ͼĨɾ֮˿ѩ׿տյǽڣһɫִȡϣȻ󵱳Żǽϻˡ

գ¹ǵ˶ôġôıΪ
Ϊ棬վվ￴Ǹ֪ǸĨǸͼкεʲô
ձ㿴ǸˣеĻϸͣѩ׵ǽϹճϸȥܿǡһˡ
һϸˡ
뻭ͼ
ĵȻ˵£౾㣬ͼȻ˸˻ϲ
ۼֻ֤һĹǸ˵ķˣ鲻סֻ¶ˣһ롣ֻǰ˵ĳ¶ǸǺεȵǡ
ĻʦȻǸΪ֮ˣֻȻһͼȻĲʣµһ롣

գܾǹġ
ֹգΧѾвٵפ㣬ǵĿԶǰˣͬһǽϵˣ¶
˺ضס˻ʣͷƺȺһۣȻµջĿ⣬±ʱȴһǰĻ㣬±ٵĲʣ°ߵͼ
һǳɡ
֮ͣʱ˻ѳɡ
վڻǰãȻƿ壬ڵסͼȫòֳ
ʱһǻеˣϸ񻣬ȶˣƣۺ⣬ʯòŮȹɴΣƶˣֱϸ֬ãָ״ϡ
˷·ŵһǡ

ա
ǽϻǵŮ¶ɣôáǸе죿
е
лҪ˵¡
գ뿴ˣ
ˣۣˣŮ
գ
ôԼ


59 
Ŀ⸴ӵĿǽϵͼ΢, ӵǳһźһ, ͺ, һˮĸо
ԣǸ˵ΪλửһͼأֵԥҪҪǰȥѯʣһ, Сӣ
һŲɫ۵˹ǽ˻ǰ˴е, ˵˶ٴˣڳеǽһ
ҷǴ㲻ɣ
ͷһ, Ȼ˵Ⱦ, ˮͰҲҪ, ܵķɿ졣ǰȺ, Ծóһܡ

գΪô
Ŀǲ۵׷ˣ׷, ӯýȺĴţ׷һ, ԭغ޺, ´αҿ㣡
ǵô㲻ɣ
Ա̯߰˶ʱЦ½˰
ϴҲ˵İ½ва
, ҿ´Ҳˣ½㲻а
ȥȥȥ½תͷȺ˻ָ˵һȥ˽鲻ã˵䡣
鲻ðǰ㻹鲻ãȡЦС¬һͼˣ⸱ˣҿһ¡
˵СصĿͼ˶ãʮ죿
Ƕʮ졣
ܾˡ


Щ˵ĶԻ¾֣δǻе˼Աߵ˿ãɫʵǳ¹𣿡
תͷ˵ǡ
Աߵſӣʱһ£Ȼɵ˺졣
ҳôڣҳˡ侲˵

ԣ°̵дڣ
ǰλ˶һ˫̬ȣǾ˫ˡǼһۣ
ԵǺδأ¿˼޽⡣
ռ˾ҳ˼УòǺˣЩ˵ĻǺ⣿
Ļѣعͬλǽϻͼǰ¹Ժ¬װ¬ѧӡڵһûͼ
ͷ׷ܵǳִӵ½ۣ½ˡ¹нֹڳǽЩʢѧԿڳǽԻִ͡ЩڳǽѧӣҪǸġ
ǼˣҲŽֹ˵ôǽ϶˻Щ¹ԺѧĻܶҪһãհԺö˳֮ͷ뱻ִץȥιǳ
ա
۵̫࣬޴²ۡ
˵Ҳ̾˿ԺִӵҲץЩͷ˾ֱӸϳȥȥ
⵹Ǹ⡣յͷͬ
ɲȺصֲӦˣȥ˵̫ʦߣ˵¹ǹٱֻ̫Ľ¹ԺǵĻһɣ¹Ⱥçȴ˶Դǣ̤ǵǻģǡ
ա
Ⱥ棬պʵȻأ
̫ʦϧȺѧ֮ģͬ¹Ժɽ£ɽõĴÿʱ⿪ţȥۿһһʯֻʱ
ա
˼ֱҵţ̫ˡ
ͬˣպʵ
ΪβӦǮ׬˵˵ִӿЩʯһĴǰƶϴһ˺Ӹ͡Ľ˵˭뵽߶ִҲܴһһأ
ּ¬װСƻһִ֣ҲֻץһΡһλץģ˵Ǹôû¬װĻûУ߱ˣīһ
֮ҲδץһΡ
Եſˡ
ɲ𣿡ͬ˵
̧һǰǽϻ÷ͼʵȻڳǽΪβЩˣ
ֹ⸱ͼԽһ·¹еǽĴǻɫһĻͬһǽϣһصСǵ治ڳǽЩҲñǡ
ԣ˶ʱ˭ֻٵ˾ž޵Ļ
⸱ͼ֮ɫҼ˭ֻٵˣ
ա
Ǻܶǰ¹ǵˡ
ΨһֻܹٵˣֻܹԭȻɫ޻ˡ˼ʲôˣͬڳǷ棬ǻٻǷǷҪǴϳͲܹԭȵĻ޳ɫĻ

գǺܶǰ¹ǵˡ
֮ǰǸͼҲֻС¬ҳĨȥֹĻˡһпֹǸͼǽϱʮ죬˸ҶֱС¬⸱ͼҲ֪´˭ܳȡ⸱ͼ
̧ͷĿ⿴ǰǽϵǸͼʵ˵ǽϻȥͼղ񣬻еԶһַԵʥ㣬ǲĳѷ
һ뵽˻ᱻȥ±һϧź̫ϧˡ
뽫ȥڣҹ͡
ֹҲˡأԵһ
ԣ̧ȥֻǰͼǰ֪ʱһӣĿⶢǽϵͼδ
ֹ
Ǹ˿ͼֹ
ϵᣬջͦϲǸͼģµֹĿⶢӣʲô顣Ǹͼ֮ɣ㱻ȡ֮Ǻ飿
ΪԹߵԣǾϧϧģûӦԶ޵һȻǺûαطҪƴһ繲
˵ǰ˻ǰֹػعͷһ˫ںϬֱֱ

סգһ˲Լ·Ǳʲô׶һ㣬ͷƤĲʸС
Ǹˣô£

죬Υͣ׶
մܵģ쳣˵ķʡ
ֲɵشĽϣǹеʺսѹȸУʱаνĳ嶯
ڣֹֻǿһ۱ջĿ⣬Ȼת뿪ˡ
뿪֮Ⱥбһ顣
ֹֹûгֻٵͼ¬װͼĿͼɫ
ֹöȡͼͼܱ죬ᳬͼ𣿡


˷ܼȺɵظпǰ¹ǣǰ¹ǣް׶¹ǵ˶ǻīʫ֮ˣҲƲϾͨҲ֪õġ
ŶīʫֵĿȺ׷磬طδģڰ¹ǵ⡣
̧ͷǰǽͼһۣȻתȥ
˵С¬⸱ͼܱãλһֱͬ˵תͷյȴԿһˣˣ
ԭɫ˼ãظ͵һԴλӣǽϵλ𣡡
ѹҾ죬ԡ


60 
¹Ժڰ¹ɽϣɽ߹һγʯ̨, ̨޽ɽԵЩ, ïʢ̵ɰ, ɽľʫ续
ɽʱǡ꣬겻ȴϸܣһʪʯ̨, ɰմȾˮ̣¹ɽڵϸ, ɽ㣬ɲǼɾ
еİ¹ɽ˾, ǿű˪ں쳾ķƣڴɽ˲, ˵۳Ͷ˲仯Ϊϲ, ɽС
ѹֵ곤ʥ˻ڴ˴¹Ժ, ĵʵɽء
һʯ̨, ¹Ժǰǰǰһ߷ǽԺ¹ԺҶԺϷ
ǰ¹Ժ, Ŀǰ¹Ժ, ֻԺľʯ壬ǰһߴïʢ֦ҶïһƬ
˵Ժǰذ׳Ů, Ůĸ񻣬ֳһǳֽɡվԺǰеһչžˡ
Ŀ⿴ذ׳Ů΢΢һЦ˵ظ±ɽհɡ
ǡյͷӦȻĿѯʣǣ
ԣذ׳ŮЦ¹ԺɪԺ֮ǰӭʦ㡣
ն˶٣Ȼеʦ㣬ͷˡ
֮𣬵ͷ֣ʦɡɪЦ˵Ǿǰ
ǰɪ㳯˼Ȼеֽɡб˶ɡڣɽк¶أ겻ȴʪ䡣
ԣ̧ͷһۣ⣬΢٣ûȴĺ⡣ȻҪǣ޵֮޾庮˪ҲѩҲý޷塣
ɽһ·ϣղδɡˮȴδմʪֺ
лʦ㡣˵
С¶ѡɪ˵
ɪɡֽ꣬ɡ󣬴붼б˶ɡʪĿ⿴ɪһ߼ͷֱ۵ѱˮʪĬһ£Ҳϵϡ
һߣձܵɽеĺ⣬ɽϴ˿˿ĺ⣬ˮȴǺܸɾģƺȾɽľ㣬ˣľҲŨˡ
ǰȻͬĸܣ֮ǰǸʲôɽ˼ɭֲľǸһ㵭ıĤĤ˲ˣոĸɽ֣ˮζľ㣬ɽĺ¶䣬²ŵҲˡ
侳
Щգգֻۣǳ϶ѣ֮
ߵɪľٶ΢΢´Ұ¹ԺеԳΨ̸ֽܸ춼ԱС
տһۣ˵ܽˡ
ԣɪЦݸҸʦýԺɣǱ϶̨
߹Ƿ԰ɪ첻˵¹ԺĸԺֱǴ֣¶
֣ļ֮ףʼʱȷ֮ʱҵȳŵ֮ʱ
ʢұţǡҵ֮ġ
¶ʵ죬ջ֮ʱҵȵ;֮ա
֪߲η֪֮߶ηԽԽ֪ңԶԽ֪ϡ֪ηηѧѧĿۣ֡
ɪⷬɫ˼ð¹ԺԺ絹ĳֵ
ļһֻأҵбһһֻأֻزֹɪЦ˵
Կʵһ䣬ʥ
ʥȻָǴ˰¹ԺĳʥˣԺ֮Ȼȡģɴһ䡣
ɪԽͷʦȻʥˣʦá
գЦ˵㱻ɽԺͬýһʦ㡣

ϵıһ½Ӳ֮ҳأһ֪ǷôͷʼҾôԺʺҡ

ѧγ̶˵ѾǿˣΪңġ
ɪЦʦǫˣ˭֪ɽӢܣǽɸͽԵŶ֡ȥ˴Ժû㡣

գû
ɪɫЦɽľܸĵֻɽ

ܾ仰⣬տɪЦݣ¾еֵֹģƺΥ͸С
ɪմһԲεţ߽֮ĿԺе꺣ģĻʢǳĻȣϽһ䷿ǺԷԺŮѧɪ˵
ķǼ䡣ɪǰһָ˵
붮ѧ
ҵķǱߣǼ䣬¿ǰѰҡɪָָһߵһ䷿˵
˵лʦ㡣
ʱˣҲϢ绹ҪΡɪ뿪ˡ
Ŀ뿪תԼȥλʦƽ׽ˡ
Ŷ룬սݣְ¹Ժỹ治Ժķһ£ؾ࣬ԺģһͥԺ羰ãĿڴǰа齣ϰųϷһ׵Ĳߣĸϯλ
ԵǿĿһ߰һˮī磬罫һΪǰǿ鷿鷿߱һܸϵǰŴ齵ҡ
ӵĲֺܺã˾úʡ
ڿǰĺľϿһıӣǰȥ˱ӷϷֻͷּдŰ¹Ժעÿտγ̡Ͽεص㡢Է޵ʱ䡭
ɪ׼Խп
պúõϢһڶ쾫ӵˣ𴲵ʱ磬ʱֱˣȻϴϰ¹ԺġУתݣǰȥˡ
¹ԺġУշϵģԱ߻ĵķѣμǵûԺۣмǲɳٵ
գЩжˣȻֻŮӲŶŮӡ
¹ԺġУͳһذɫͳһĳͬÿԺĻͼһԺǴݣĺɣ¶ǵ룬÷
մĺɿУɪͬԵĻ봩ݵġ
εĵصڹ㳡һܿ¶㳡İڷһŵͰĳÿˣ϶űīֽ⡣¹Ժĵÿձϯضɽڵ
յʱ򲢲磬ʱ򣬹㳡Ѿˣеɪָָ֣ճǸλãʾȥ
ɪչˣպò˹ȥȻ£ĺãɪһѧԣѧϰɼرõˣ˵ܱѧԴȡ
߹ȥˣŷֲԡ
ɪѧûѧһ㶼иϰߣǾǰһţһŵĺǵڶţ֮ŷ֣ġ̫ǰˡһ̨ܿʦҲܱʦĿġǰ
Ϊ֪ôǵȻΪһ̧ͷͿϷİ¹Ժɽں۽ë

գ⻹ôС
лҪ˵գ뻻λ
ɪΪʲô
գһˡ
ɪʲô
գɽ۾һ˸۽ë
ɪ


61 
λձ, ΪλҪеĸ, Դ֮ܵ¹ԺĵӶĿ桢ĳ, һ˲Ŀĸо
ҸµǣմǵĿиܵĳڴԾԾԣ󡢴ԼΪҲǸѧ԰ɡϾ¹Ժ޽ıѧ, ԺǾӢް࣬ɽɿսĽǵеͬѧˡ
һ뵽ܣ뵽Ⱥ¹ԺѧѧǶ⣬˲վ͸еһϢ, Ҫ̰Ⱦܵĳ嶯̫̫̫ˡ
ڶ¹ԺӶŵգֻоͷƤ飬ӦŶԣ
վԼҪܲסʱϷԺɽһ仰ġ
ɽһ仰˲ù㳡϶ŵİ¹ԺջĿ, Ŀֱǰ, ٿС
þˣ
¶һ˼ֶλˮ֮еİ¹Ժɽָм֮, ̧ͷϿȥֻǰŵİ¹ԺɽǸꡣ
, ʮ߰ģƽţǰݣһϮ£ºˮ˲ɵһ仰ˮˮ֮񣬹ʼڵ
մϿˮһİǫͣڵʥ˲ܹľɣ¹Ժɽδõȴ޽ӽڵ
ʱйλ¹ԺɽһЩţһʥʱҲǸɧ޽̸Ȥ£һڰ¹Ժ˲ٳ
ʵǸȤĹ£ʱķϷ쳾ףһ˵ڼУԳ֣ҡһ˽˵ĳŷȤԺԺɽ
˴మӻͷĹ£¹ԺɽƽҲӻͷĴ¼޽ķŴйλɽĹ»ΪӼˡŮ֧ʿɧ޹¡ֻϵģʤĸٶ˵ĻƩ翡Ůѧ֮ģرߣһۿգӦ
˵һ˳˻İ죬˴ߡ
ҲĽģҪɽΪԭ͵Ļʵ̫𱬣޽š޽ŵŮĸûɽСӣ֮˽½ΪǽԾǶϻȱģȫͬõµԴرñӵϳˣ˲ұץˣǸߵ˲ͳ˹±۵ģһмС
տļɽıӣɽɵĳλʦ˽͵͵ģᡣ㻹˵дûͦÿģյʱĽζرڴߵǺ߲ұץдһҲɷٻˣûһ󰧺
ʹϧϧƿڴͼߴнߣִдǸΪѪ٣̫һ겻ܾǺϢ˵ΪҲдһдĹ£Ը״ҲԼǣǲܵģ״γηҲǲֵġ
Сд˻ҳ̫ڵ̫ϳϡͽǿȢµһˡǲοЩеɽ
뵽ղɵݵһдû粻ͨȻǾǹˣҲ֪ɽıӿ϶ʲôӣջҪӵģܱ֪дСС
⣡
Ŀ⿴ǰŵɽԺﲻϵĸĻŶΣɫ𽥵ŤܡܸоЩ޷ֱˣɽǸ˰ķЩ˼밹Ļǣ
֪нĻǵһϵľܾʦİ
ɽǸ˰ʥһ֮˰ߣȫ޽硣
գ˵кν⣿ͷɽ䲻ڵĿֱ·ۻ㱱ա

գȻϿεģ
㵽ʵ»ŵһȵգޱȣݿڵԻΪԵ£Ʃ籱ǹ֮ΪʵеԵΪԵ·ˡ
ܽӸǣҪе¡
ԣɽĿؿһۣ˵ûҪе¡

գҾָңû֤ݡ
ӹһٵ°һˣû뵽ɽϿξȻشģͷˣŷḻһĶþͱ¡
μϢʱ
ǰɪתС˵㵨ҲǴ󣬾ȻɽĿС
ô֪ģʵ¾ˣϿô˾֪ˣĸѧϿβģҾ˵λòã϶λõĹ
ɪ˵㲻֪ɽϿһ㲻ĶϿˣɽŻ

գѣ
վˣǰɪĲṇ̀
ɪɫѵ㲻֪ɽģ֪ŭ³

ȥͺܿµӣ´ȥͰǰڴļɽСӸյԷһ
ݵĿμʱˣֵϿʱˡ
ɽ̧Զƹ·壬¶һɽΨа飬쿪ڶµӵԹ·Ϊ⣬ʫһס
ա
ԶʱˣʲôϿξȻҪдʫ𣬻ǵдʫ
ΪһûʲôĻġƾḻģдǲʫ԰ⳬˣ̫ˣǣտΧ¹ԺѧɽĻ֮˱ʣʼֽд
ա
ˣˣҪˡ
˶ڷܱʼ鸳ʫһףΨմ첻ɫӲ
Ȼ˵ĹעϷɽĿ⿴

ŵգûסϵı飬æͷ˱װģֽдʲô
û취ˣɽҲˣֻŬĴＷʫ䣬ͦ˶ɫ£ֱֽϲ첻д
˵޿޵ģʿ緶
Ϸɽƾʿ˵ĿֽдŵĶĶǣ
ɽ˿ĻֻĻǾǣдʲô⣡
յıֽͿͿдддٻдظ֮ǰĶ
ɽϷĿⶢϵͿֽţ΢΢üº͵ɫΣȾ־úЦǲɵ䣬ߵ˼ʯذ壬еֵʱŻеĶ
һȥ½Ѿͣ˱ʡ
ʱ֮˶ͣ˱ʡ
ͣʲ絫Ҳ˱ʣĿǰϱնǷˡ
ʱ䵽ɽ
¹ԺЩѧԾĽԼʫӺǰ˵ʫ·Լķ棬˳ǰݡ
ȵ˽һʫϵʱռǲֵĽԼĴ棬Ȼ󴫸ǰɪ
ɪعͷЦ£Ȼֽӹǵʫ׼Լʫ棬һͷĿյġУʱ̡
ҲЦ[jpg]
лҪ˵գҾһQAQ
ɽ㲻ܣ
ɪ㲻ܣ

ˮˮ֮񣬹ʼڵԡ¾
ԻΪԵ£Ʃ籱ǹ֮ԡ


62 
ɪܿϵɫ, ̧ͷһ, Ŀ΢ָӣԼʫ, ȥɽ
ʱջδ˿񰵺˼ֻǿġ֮˾ѣ»һ, ʧǲ˼ˡǺܿ, ֪Լ, ɪſ񲢷Ǹ˼, ǡͬ顣
һѧõղ֪, ɽĿиϰ, ǾὫѧƷ, Ȼ˵, Ʒ໥ѧϰϿεĻԺȤζԡԭûʲôɽϵѧһѧѧԣҵ㡣˵Ʒ໥ѧϰ, ǾƷ͡
һѧա
ɽ˷ɪʫſʱվ¿һ, ˡ
ɽö, ʫʱٴ죬ɣܽ˴ʫе⾳, ʫñܡ
Ǵ˿̣ȴһ㶼ܲĶҩ裬ǹˡ
һգɽ̧·λѧڵΪΣ
ȣ־Ԣھ亨죡
Ծ飬飬龰ڣʦԢھʵ˹顣


˷׷׿ڳ޵ɪ·Ŵ󷽵¶ֵ΢Ц
ֵ֮̽ɽɪʫһߣ˵ڶʫĿ⿴һ۰ֽϵĺ֣Цһ£Ȼڻ
ա
ֱͦϯλϣɫ侲š
ԽǵʱԽҪס
ܻţ
ɽʼʫ֮ǰλѧϵıڴģɽ˵һʱǵıʱ£ڶȫסˣȫʫʱ˶Ĭˡ
Ψ׼ɪ治ɫʫ
֮ɽЦ˵ȾΣ


شһƬĳĬ
·տĬͬܵǵϢ˵ҲϢ
֮ɪڵԴش⣬ϿڣڶгȤȴ׶һȤζ
һʱ𾪣˰ڶɵתͷû뵽Ĵʦ㣡
ڰ¹Ժӣʦ㲻ʦ㣬ⶼҵ㣡
գɪԭĴôΪĳˡ
ϷɽȤζĽϲһɫ۵ףȻͬĵͷȷڶгȤ˷Ц
ա
Ϊûںң
ʦá
ʫͿν֮󣬱ǿʱ䡣
ָ˴ǰɪıɪתʵĿʦú£
ŶлˡЩ˼ĸлɪڽΧҪ²̨ˡ
ɪҡҡͷ˵أҲڣɽҲῪڡ

ɪ˵ʦóܲɽˡ
˵գпԶɽʮ֮һʦüɽڿˣ㷽֪Ϊܳ
룬ѧʦ佱ѣˣ
ʦˡɪƽ˵Ϊ㣬ɽŻ㡣

ɫɫɻˡ
ɪɣ˵ɽӲǣΪΪѧʽ̫Կޡ
ˡ˵
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ֹˡɪ˵
룬Ȼ˵ѵΪʹ˲ǫʹ˽
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ҲҲɪ㻹̫Ŀ⿴˵Ϊڳ޿佱˺˼͵иֻŬ
ʦ㣬㻹˼úѧϰ
ա
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ɪĿ⿴̾˿˵֮ʦͰɣ㡣
ա
˵Һò
ʱˣʼһÿΡ
շȱԾΪһɽ˵
ԣնʱ񣬻ᰡ
ȻѾ߰ʮûˣϱӺôҲǸ󴥰˻֡
ϷŵĴɵĻľһ׵Ļߣӻϵհ׵ĻֽһӦȫ
ѧ˴ӻľȡþߣǻһӵĹϣȻ̿հ׵Ļᣬ𻭱ʣմȾǳīɫֽϹճ
ϷɽĶɫ΢΢û뵽ȻѧԭΪ
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ɪתӹĻɨһۣȻĿʱȣ̧ͷǰһۣնﴽЦ¡

ɪջĿ⣬ԼĻ棬Ȼȥɽ
껭㵽ƷʱɽǸɪĻչ·ѧΪ˻Σ
ֺ׳
ʤգҿ˸ûʣ֮ʢ


ĿǰڰչǰĻ۵ɫĳ˵һֺĹǣ𶥣ǽߣ˼֮ʹ
ΡʵĹڣȥ˵Сһ飬տһˡ
ʹ;ǵľͼ뾳
ֻеƽľǣ͸ΡɹڳеĻʹ
ҿ˱¼ţҰջڵ
ԣϷɽĿ⳯ȥ
ǰɪֶǡôЦȥʧ
ͣľɫǹ¼š˵
ԣɽɵؿǰĵڶһɽͼ
಻ϸܵˮڰеĺɽ̴ɫɽ֣֦Ҷïչ֦ľɽ֮ʯ̨׵ĳݣͨһɽԺ
ϸīɫ߰ǽԺԺǰһŮӣһѵƵֽɡ
һԶͼ
ԶԶȥֻǸɽּԺǰԵСһӰ
ɽɫ˾á
⻭һʱɫ㾪죬û뵽λɽʦþȻһֺõࡣ
Ϊ֮ǰʫԵʣ˶ջѾ̫ϣˣһֶʱסǡ
ǵ΢ָӣյĿֱ̾źջΪɸ֣˵㵤֮ãôʫʫôһѾأ
ϸͣɫḻ󵨣ӰԢھд֮ʵ֣ȤĻɽ޵һһľһʯһˮעУʫ⡣
ɽ̧ͷĿ̾Ŀ·գһ˶Ŀһ¡
ձºӺЦעӣĿ֮ɫ֮ܳ飬ɪ˵ûɽ̫ˡʱϲĿ·϶һ޶ţϡ䱦
˭ܿס
վڳ뻭ģ
ɽĿ⺬ЦĿɫ΢΢ЩգżʱǰԺ

ԻЩ㱳˲ѹĿ⾯Ŀɰ죬ʵк£
Ҳʲô£ʫɽ˵

գʲô
Ȼпκϰ
лҪ˵մʧɫɽҪκҵϰ
ǻһɽŮѧĻûУ
գ˭ҲңҪȥٱЩߣǡǮ


63 
֮, ɽ, ʱˡ
˵ջЦЦȻȻȥ
ա
ҵҲҡ
տ, λɽºͺƢʵǸкڣǶ, ȫīˮ
ɽһ뿪, 㳡ϵѧǶʱ, ԭҲɢ, ÿϵɫȻ, Ե໥̸, Եš
ǰɪҲת, ʱˡ
Զʱ, ôҲ
ɪƺ룬˵Ϊһѧı飬ʵ˷Ĳ¡
˵ţɪ̲סЦ, ЦλɽɵʦþͥԺﻨ̳￴ֻèһССֻԲ, ֽСצıԵ̽, һֲԾ˻ȥ
ô𣿡˵Űѧѧ̬Ⱦ˾֪
Աߵİ¹ԺʣҲʱЦ, ˵ǺԣͲûϿβѧϰֿˡ
ǰʦô¡Ҳ׷׳̫ͬ˶˲ôơ
ա
Ѿ˰
ԭΪɽκС˸뷨ǣջдãӦüĽңȻ뷽跨ֹңʹӣңݺңҴʱ޷׼ʱϵӶɽҡռȺ¹ԺӺƢʳڵ
ǲûֹݺȻĵٵ˸£
ԣȺ¹ԺӶʱЦˣôʦҪֹʹӣݺȻ˳µѧɽòˡ
ҲĻʦá
Ǿóѣ˳⡣
ǿԲʲĽޣձȥΣ

գŶ
ɪı飬̲ס̧ڴȥЦ⣬ðЦ˵ˣǶ˵䣬۸ʦá
ô˵¹ԺӶʱˣʦɱտ۸ʦˣڽ
Ǿǣû
Ⱥ¹Ժ˳ʦֵļƶգ׻׻̵ʦãѧȡѧǲԵģ
㲻ѧô֪ѧϰأ˵ţͻȻϲأҪڳ԰ʦá
һΪ͵УԵÿп෽Ϊˣʦüͣʦֿ㡣
˼䣬ʦãҲΪáҪΪãɽΪҪĸ㲹ΣΪҪȰϽ
ա
ҾԼ·һȺ衣
ʵĸпλʦʦ㣬ǲȥʵ̫˷ˡ
ڰ¹Ժӡ
ΪɶͻȻȥˣ
˷ӦЦʦ˵ûݺţ̳ѪȻţʦõĻڵڡ
˴ǲӴȥǵѪ˼̳ǵݺţɲ˷
Ҳ׷׵ͷͬûϧˣ
ա
ȺôôҪ
նʱĿɿڴ۽ˣȺ¹ԺӲɧ˸ɧ
ǣȺ˾ôиԴյǰ˵
վһ£Ȼ̧ͷȥֻԲ֪ʱһˣһڰ¹ǿǸڳǽϻͼǸ
ϵı飬˶¶õЦݣ˵ϳ˰
˵գԼСŲŲһЩǼǽؽߣûİߣ֮һ֮
Ŀһʾá
ʲô԰СѵĽѷʽСѧô˺տľٶ΢ǣĿԵĿԴСˣɧǰ¹Ժɧ
㱼䣬һְ¹ԺʵһȺгǵľۼأɴǸгѧԺˡ
¬װ˵գգ۾֪ʦ÷
ա
Ѥã˹ھ¬װȻ޵ʦˡ
л˵
¬װЦݸӲˣزأֻ˵ʵѣҪ˵һжлʦأ

Ŀѯʿ
¬װΪ˼̧ɦɦͷ˵ڳżȻһƳʦݹ㣬ʱסˡ
¶˲ı飬βʦһ·ûʦõͬ⣬ʦ뻭
ա
¬װⷬķӦǣһ·ճɫʵüͷ
¬װҲһ£û뵽˵ͷţΪϸĶʦһԼ
̧ͷĿⶢɫҲõǺϢмĹ
һ㶼û˸ˣĸ֪Ϊܺ¬װΪֻһС磬һ㶼ġ
ʣ¬װɫȣջûΪԭɦɦͷֹһ䣬һΪûͬ⽫뻭ͼ
ǰǶ˶ԻɪʱĿ˵ٰӰٰӰƷ书¥ѵĴ̿Ͱɱߡ¥ǿһרɱ˲ɱĴ̿ͣ¥ٰӰԺĲ¥
¬װղд޶ս뷨ɪܲ
˵գɪЦ˵ٰӰ㱻ղڲ¥¥ֻҪһǧѧ֣ʦ¥һκһŹС
ա
ɪʱ򶼲¶
ƫƫջòҧһǧѧֺܶ𣿡ġ
ɪ뿴˵⿴˭ԡ
ڱİ¹ԺӶԲ࣬Ƕ˵͡
ʲô취Կٻѧ֣ջ˸ʷ
ԡɪԥ˵

գǰ¹Ժô£
ǲϰǿԣҲ̫˵˰ɣ
ûټ򵥵ѧַմʵ
ǿԣɪ˵

ղĴû취𣿡
ԣûбȿԸ򵥵ķˡɪĿ⿴ϿҵĶ˵ңڰ¹ԺԿ򵥵ġ

Сϵ¬װǶ˵ĶԻͷյʦѧٰӰ
šҲΣϵ
򵥰¬װ˵ɽᰡɽ㰡ͿԲѧ˰
ԣպɪˢˢתͷĿⶢ
Ƕͬʱŵ¬װʱͷһκ˵ҵٰӰɽ̵İ˵
һ˼ı˵ҶһٰӰ֮ȴҲѧᣬֻ֮ŹȥѰɽɽָ̡
Ȼɽѧˣٽ̸ҡ¬װ˵
ա
ɪ
ǰһ˼¬װպɪ֪˵ʲôãʵڲ۵̫ࡣһʱ䲻֪˸п涮ñ֪ͨʦĺãǸ²ɽδ̵̫Ҳ̣ԼҪ̣ҲҪѧٽ̡
ʦҵ
лҪ˵գһǵùԹȥϲϰࣿ
ɽ΢ЦϰֻĻŶλͬѧϿѧ֪ʶ


64 
¬װպɪϱ鲻, գգʵ, кβԣ
ޡɪڵ¬װһ, Ĳ
ѵüˣ¬װЩͷ˾, ʲô𣿡
ɪתͷ˵, ⲻͦõȥɽ̡
ð, ղɫ˵, Ҿûô, ɽ
Ѹģ
Ҿɽܻûҡտǰɪ, ü˵
ɪȻ, ⲻڵ𣿻, Ҳ˴ûᰡû٣ԣǼ޵Ļ
˵ɪ˵
Ҿѡն˵, ɽѸġ
ᰡԱ߶ŵ¬װ˵ɽܺ˵ģֻҪ⡣
ϡ˵, βأ
, ɪ¬װ˳˼
Ǳ˵ףĻ
ջɪһ취ɽϲһҸ̵Ĺ𻨸, ҴɽȥȻùȥȥɽʱϡ
ա
Զʱ¾죬ôӵû뵽ɪİ취Ȼǡ⻹ǹԲˬľֶˡҲȷ벻õİ취ˣԥһ£սĺ⣬ǾͶлʦˡնɪл
ɪЦ£ʲô£ʦòط
Сӵ¬װĿ⿴˿Ц绨ɪֿ˿ɫмգﲻԾʦôĳĺ
ԣʦԭˣ¬װʵ
տһۣţβŮԺĪҪˣᱻ̬ġ
Ĳ˵Ҫ֪βһ·Ļýˡ
¬װɦɦͷ˵ҲѧٰӰ
ա
һʱ䣬֪˵ʲôá
¥޽ŷɥĶ̿ɱֵƷ书䵽ȥиβ֮£
ֱ£̫Űˡ
硣
ɪõװŹ𻨸ľµĺУԺȥΪٰӰ⣬ԵȻɽϰζôһ룬΢һɾ
Ժ
ԶԶձһɽȪ峺кˮɫľš
䲻ȴҲͣǳʵĲƭ˵ģͲǺ׷ֱġ
߽ˣղſԭɽڵ١
һϮ°׳۵ɽڷصͤڣḧ٣ָк
վͤפ㲻ǰ⾪١
վһֱͣЪǰɽԽɡ
˹ȥͤڡ
ȥ֮ղŷͤڻڷһ٣ɽڷһſյϯλͳһŹ١տÿշŵĹ٣¶ʱһõԤС
ɽɫ΢΢Ц£Ȼŵĵĺϣü뵽ʲôһ㣬ɵ˴ǡܹ뵽İ취ΪˣɽϵЦ
ᵯ𣿡ɽĿ⿴ºʵ
ᡣջص
ɽش𲢲⣬ֻ΢΢ףȻȻˣձѧٰɡ

գ˵õѧʫ
˵ġ
ѧʫ𣿡մ
Ǹѧѧνɽ˵տɻĿ⣬΢΢һЦʫҪ츳Ż
ա
оԼأǳڳû츳ɣû츳ǻǶԲ˰
ǰûбӣɽ΢ЦҾܿеٵ츳ҪҪһԣ
Լãշʵ
Ϊָܳɽ治ɫ˵ָ˺ʺϵ١
⻰ҵȷ˼˵
ԣҪҪѧ٣ɽû˵
Ҳеٵ츳أɽ΢Ц˹Ŀ£һ˲ԼǸû˵ٵŵĴͷӦá
ԣô֪Լǲأ
ʱ
ŶǣȻǴ
һĮıǰղŹȻǱɽ˽ͷˣа
ѧıԤĸ졣ɽɫ΢ЦڵҵԤơ
ԣϵıԻĿ⻹ǳɵĿǿ͸˶Ǵӣܾš
ɵĿ£ɽЦ˵ΪѧߣѾ㹻ãֻǷȱϰѣٽ׽̸㣬»ȥڼϰɡ
˾˵ƺͦеһѧͻᣬֲţȻҪرѧ٣ǿʮصģҲϰѧ˶ãɹѾܲˡ
εû¿ɫÿˣ˵ɽҡ
ԣɽ𣬡Ȼ
룬ú壬þûôƭĺˡȻǽ޹ֱŵȺӣһһ˾
ɽ˵ȻĿ⿴ӵһǱַĵĺӣ΢ЦڵǺ
ա
ǻ¸
ȻɪĽ¸ɽԴĿģǣȴٳδͳ֣ʵõʱӦڸյʱͷϣһûΪԸˡ
ǳٳδͳɽˣ
ϲòûлͷˣѾû·ˣһᣬڵÑ
ѧҪϽÑϰʶÑǰ˵
ɽԳĿĿһۣȻЦˡ
ȻÑǱùɡɽ˵
˫˵ĺӣͦñֱȥǰ¡
úӡɽ˵ֽ˹򿪣ȻЦǹ𻨸Ⱑڹ𻨸⵹ϡ
Ȼձɽһͬй𻨸⡣
Ҳ֪ôġ
¸ɽɽݲдһķζĹ𻨸һ裬㻹˵ɽݲһǲҲܺȳĺãţ𻨸Ҳóԣء
Ź֣
û֮ļ޻Լʧܵ¸Ļǵȷ衣
ڵɽ¿ˣʾˣնԼ¸ɷƻ˵ĳشС
̵ĥĥðǲ뿪
ɽЦĿľٶŪĲ࣬ĵѯʵɻ£
ԣ̧Ŀ⿴ںڵһŷĹ⣬ʵ𻨸ó𣿡

ɽһ±סˣ˵û뵽ͻȻʣ΢˻ᣬƵش
ǺóԿ۾˵ϾͻȻŷĳֹâ޷ֱӣӶԣɽ֪һ仰
ԣɽپЦ˳Ļ˵λ
û׳Ե͡һıʵ
ţɽĿ⿴˵ǲǸҵÑ𣿡
ƭģպ޳˵Ҳѧ𣿡
أ
ɽû뵽ɧ
ԣ븶۰Ȼ˵ɽķϣҾ˵ˣϿεֿ۰ɣôϲϿΡ
ԣɽüϲϿΣҲϲϿΣ
ǵÿʲôΣΣҲϲġճϿ˵
ɽƹˤ˼
ȻǸۣȻʲôξʲôΡ˵Ŀ⿴ָҪҲߣӰͺˡ
ɽ֪ڸʲôˡ
лҪ˵һʼ
գ񰡣Уԡ

գʲôֱвɣ
һʼ
ɽƭֱ

ɽҰػ

ɽһ··գմ·־һȭKO


65 
ɽһ, Ȼǰ˵ܹȡٰӰĹ, ұ㡣

ԣ°һ, ҪȡҪ̣
ϵı, ɽЦһ£˵, ȡٰӰҪҽ̵Ļ, ұһŹΣ
˵˵ȥҪԼڲ¥¥һٰӰĹĿ⿴ǰݺЦɽ, û˵򵥣ƺƶѧٰӰ
ճ˼, Ȼ̧ǰɽã˵ˡ
ͷӦɽϵЦˡ
뿪ʱɽһɡһʫĶ˵ڴ´εʫ
ա
ǹģ
޺ȥ
գΡ
ɽӦ𣿡¬װʵ
תͷ¬װȽ£Ϊλ
Һʦֻ˸λá¬װЦݲ˵, Ϊʦ˵
ա
ǰɪҲתʵɽô˵
һնʱ꣬ɽ˵ҪԼȥ¥һٰӰ
𣿡ɪü, ˵Ȼһй𻨸⻹ǲ𣿡

գҾúûϵ
𻨸ͦóԵġ˵Ȼһ䣬ļҵģ
´Ҳȥ㡣
ɪô֪óԵģ
ȻΪҳ˰˵˵һ㯵ı飬ɽ̫ߣҲ֡
ɪ
ǱϾɽɪοȥܰҲˡ
ʦҪȥѧ𣿡¬װĿ⿴ʵ
ڿֻ취ˡ̾˵ϾٰӰǲܵġ
ɪɫ΢ЩգЦʦҲĪģǰ㡣
һǧ֣ǲõ¡ɪ˵
ԶʱĿ¶жɫǾʦˡ
ȱˣ
Ҳæɪźͷ¬װ˵
ң¬װգգۣ˵Ҳܰæ𣿡
Ȼɪ˵¶һЦó
һᣬɽǰ
̸ֹͣ׼ϿΡ

ϷɽĿ⿴·ѧ΢΢һЦ˵ưס
һô˵ֻθʹһǣʫɡ
뵽ϵɫЩࡣ
Ҹҽʷɡɽ˵
棡
ʫ
Զʱһϲ¶ϲɫ˿Ϣ
ϷɽƳһۣɵغЦǰ顭
Ȼվ˰ڿεʷ£һʵʷΣȻﻶȸԾҰʷΣϲ¡
ǰ֮±ˡɽ˵Ȼ󻰷һתȱǰ֮ƪ£书Ƿǡ
ա
ҹȻ̫ˡ
ɽֶīˮļһôܾô׵ķŹǣͺñǰʦѧȥΣһҺÿİȴ۵ĲֻؼŵʱʦȻ˵ͬѧǣİ
ģ˵
ǻؼҼǵдһƪģĿͽмǿĵһ죬콻ʦ

˲˴õ
ɽɵľħ֮£һޱ飬ѧǲûá
Χ¹ԺĵѾʼͷˣǳ鶯˼£ֻʿʼд£ûдˣû뵽ⶼҵϰ˾Ȼдĵһ졣
ʱ֮
ʱ䵽ɽ
Ȼ·ڰ¹ԺѧԾͣʣ´Ӻǰɪȥɽ
ɽǷɪ£ǰ֮ãš
֮֮Ϊ߲ʣ
ʹ˻
ɽɪ£ƽȣҲƲϾޣ̫ؾˣֱԲէȥƺеϸȴȫ׻ջ˵ĶǳԱ棬˾֪顣м䣬˿
£ǰռöˣרŪ˵ġ
ɪд²аɪյʫƺҲˣ廪ʫвǵ͵ӦԵƷôϱҲǾ߿оҵģվھ˵ļϣջеġ
ɪ֮ɽ˵ڶƪ£Ŀɨһ£¶֮ɫȻһĿʮпٵһȫģʱЦˡ
·İ¹ԺѧЦˣ²ɵֹʦµöôġڶгĬǵɽЦȻʫʱĬˡ
룬ʫǰ£ɽЦҲ֮УʦյĲΣûʲôЧ
գôһʱֿΣʲôϵ
ƪº˼͡ɽ˵Ȼ
ɽºڰ¹Ժӣ
ʦ£
˾ˣȻ׷תͷĿⶢԱ߶ŵա
ա
ȫĿգֻ¶òֺЦݡ
۵ȷ۾ԴϬݵ䣬֤ݽյۣβӦɽ޵ʵһƪϳ˼
̧·գĿЦ޵һ츳˼ݡ

Զԣֻü¶ֺòЦݣ˵лл㲻ǵһ˵ġ
Ŷк˿㡣ɽȤʵԭɽɽҲдµ
ʦ𡣡˵͵͵һ䣬ҵʦ
ɽԣɻʵǽΪ˿㣿
ѵɽɵĽ޵Ҫ£û˵
һʹı˵ǰٲ£ʦ˼ΪҪüչӧʦдһ֮ʦ˵дº츳
ѧǺӵĿ̬˵Ժ󶼽ˡ
ôϱҲǴСѧʼдһֱ߿˴ѧ֮ҪдģѧģȻ
ɽ
ɽĿζĿһۣ˵ϧˡ
ա
һ㶼֪ڿϧʲô
ʱ䡣
ʦãû뵽¾Ȼ˺á¬װ˵ˮƽ㹻ȥ˰
Զʱ£ʵ棿
棡дúá¬װϿ˵ʫĲ²Уɽ˵¿նζʵʡ
ֻͨǰȿԡǰɪҲת˵࿼ԣǰȿԿѡʫʺΪ⣬Ǵӵĵȿʼ涨ʫʺ¶Ҫ
ա
ô
ʱܿľͽˣһÿֿΡ
տİ¹ԺǴϵĴľȡһŹ٣ڷϣҲѧǵȡ٣°ֹϵĲϰξǹٿΣҲϹٿΣɺ
Ȼܿľͷ֣治ɺϡ
Ϊɽս̵ѧģϤ̧ͷĿ⳯Ϸɽȥ
ǲĿһ㣬ɽ̧Ŀ⺬Цĳգգ۾·ڶ˵ꡪ˵ȥ
֮ܡ
лҪ˵գҪٱɽϿθף
٣˭ˣ
գҡ
٣˰һץ
űͶκһգɽ̾˵ȥˡ
գ
ô֪ףҲҪץ޹ĺ
ΪǹΪ֤ˣ֤ʲɹ޷ṩµɽ׵֤ݣΪ֤ݲ㣬ɽͷš
ɽ״
գ
Ϊˣն״Уʮ֮꣨֡
ɽԶڴǽԱյ׻׻̵˵㲻Ҫ˵ȥˣƫҪ˵ڵù˰ɡ
գ
Ҫٱ˹İҽв

ɽɰ롭


66 
ν֮
ᵯٰ¬װ˵, һ㲻أ
΢Цû˵ɽС, ɽСǰϹٿΣܾܿǵ١
ǰɪת, պ¬װ˵, ȥ¶Ȳ裿
¬װԱҪܾһ, ҾͲ
ĻɪвĿ, õģһȥġʹ¬װɿĿڵ
ɪԲջĿ⡣
¶
սȥʱ, ɪ¬װѾˣһϮȹɪڲ輸, ƵƷŲ裬¬װһɪıǽڱϣһҪǽڳһļơ
ˣգգ۾ԡ
ɪ̧ͷĿ⿴Ц£ʦüȻˣβ
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ԣ¬װʱˣӦģʦ㻹Ѱ˰ɡ
úֹṈ̀Ϊʵ̫ˣ¬װϲ̵ͼȰɪˡ
Сɪԥܾ飬ֹֻ
ΪΣ¬װԶʱ˵
Ϊǳ֮õġɪĿⶢҪõĻǰʦá
ڻ츳ˮƽиָ㣬Ҳܹ߶θ߷֡Ҳɪһ°ѻŵõԭ򣬴ֵġ
һ̵ָյġʦͺҪˡ
ֹͨ˻Ժİ˵ȿԣûܱǶ˸ˡɪ˵ʹ̽ˣԺĵȿǻȿǻޣˣ¬װֹǡһóһóޡ
ɪ¬װ˵ҵֹǿʺϵѡ
ԣ¬װԶԡ
ֹֻӦģǸ˲ɫ޲ԶªȺôӦ
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ɪ΢΢Ц㲻˽ֹ϶˵İ취
¬װ
ʦ㣬ҾҺֹĹϵ⣡

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⣬ܾˡ
¬װһ㶼ܾˣҲֹܾ䳰ȷһ٣¬װ侲䳰ȷȻƽ˵˵ûУ˵ֵˡ
Ŀؿǰɫֹֻ˵һ仰Ӳġ
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¬װ˵ת뿪ˣһ㶼ֹӹȥʦε϶ͲҪһֹȫʦĶ֡
ȥ֮¬װƽĽֹܾ˵պɪ
ɪ˼һԵտ¬װɫ˼ʵ¬ʦʦǲǹϵã
ȷˡ¬װܻͷϵ
ˡ˵ңȥȰ˵ʦ֣а취˵
ԣ¬װʱ¶棬Ǻΰ취
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ա
¬װȥֹ
£ֹǰסȥ·¬װնˣü˵
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˵ͷһ㶼˵Ȼ¬ʦ˵һء
ԣֹ̧Ŀ⿴
ռ˵¬ʦ˵϶ܾģ˵ܾҲûϵһ˽ұ㹻ˣҲ
¬װ
ԱߴӸղʹ¬װ͵ػعͷʲôʱ˵仰
ֹȻ䣬ϢƣĿ׶Ա¬װ
¬װ
Ҫ˵û˵仰
Ҳ֪ŵġ
¬װһ޿ıվԱߣҪǿ϶ԩġ
Ȼ˾Ͳʦˡձ˵ȻСֹһ䣬¬ʦֻҵġ
תҪߣȵȡֹؿڽס
ͣ½ŲعͷĿɻ˵ʦֺ£
¬װ˵˵ֹü¬װһ˭˵Ҳҽ˭
һԵ¬װԣڵסҲ̶õɫҾ˵Ӳġ
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¶ʱЦˣһɹƣóѣϣȴװģ˰죬δشֹ
ֹ״˵ôҲҲ
ҡԶʱ˵Ǿ鷳ʦˡ
ֹɫÿһЩ
ȥ·ϡ
¬װһ޿ı飬ҲɥɥĶ˵ʦ´ҪңܲǰҴк
ҽûų
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ϿҵǸ¬װ˵ʲôСֹ˾䣬֪ܺʦ㽻õǼ֮
ʦÿʵҲӻˮ˲

ҷɹõʦö¬װֹλ¹ԺĻ˫֮ձ˲ϰĵÿ첹βĻ찵ءҪΣҪȥɽǿСϰϻҪ¬ʦʦĲϰࡣ
ɽ˸ǿܼѧϰе⣬ٰܵӰִš
ջ㱻صϱӸʱ򣬺޲ýԼһ˲á
û뵽֮ȻҪ¾һѡϰ
ֹԼ¬װһϸ£ѹһͷľޱĽ̵գؼˡһʱ֪˵˽ĺã˵ˡ
ʦ̵ģѧȻҲиϰ㣬жľڻ츳㷢ܣʦ̵ֽɿ죬̥ǣͬն
һʿչĿ࿴
֮¬װֹһΪȥμӻԺˡ
ȵλʦϿɣҲԥɣȥ뻭Ժԣղײգհɡ
ֹΪĹ˵һʼԸյͶԼ츳𽥵ĵõϿɣݵʱѧǺġ
ȵ˿һա
㿼ļҳŶһˣɪ¬װ֮⣬һֹ
εļҳŶܵɪ㲻˵ˣֹҲǸǿˣ̩ɽǰ治ɫ֣¬װ˽²Ǳ̱һ׽ŵ¬װضʮֵĻ˵ǣʦʵͨǰȿԣġ
ɪĻ͵̧Ŀⶢ˵ʲô
˵õģʦòģ϶ͨȿԵġ¬װ˵

ɪϷɵɫ׻û˵յԤͨߵȿԣɷѿֹ¬װ¬װֹǳʦͨȿȥġ
²ɵ̾˿ֻѰ취ˡ
ʱ֮
մӻԺ߳ϵıҲġ
Σʦá¬װǰʵ
˵λʦϣҳɹͨȿԡ
Ĳʦã¬װ˵Ҿ˵ûġ
ĮֹѵõĳԿһ䣬
ɪ˵ˣ̾һȺļһ
ϲѶ֮
ֹ䲻ʵΪ˭
ա
̧ͷĿ⿴Ȼ֪ʲôԼڵĿԼȻʦְ治ɫ˵ʦڿα¬ʦˡ
ֹ϶ʱ¶΢ЦҲ⡣
⻹յһμЦʱĿ⾪죬û뵽׶ŲýӽʦЦȻȻ˵ÿδȾĴʴкӢִŵҰԡ
û뵽㾹ȻЦһԵ¬װҲ˵·ڿʲôϡĶһۡ
ôһ˵ֲֹЦˣЦʧֱǸе׶ꡣ
ÿϧ
ÿϧ
¬װͬʱ
ߣ¬װضճ˵ȻתһŻԺȥģ
ţһ˵
㲻֪ɣ¬װ˵ԺԺһ㿼ԵƷǻҳչʾģڻԺԿĿƷ
ԾˣȻ𣿡
ҺǺ˺εȻ¬װ²˵
ֹҲһԲĸǶȻҲǺĻ
˶ȥˣɪҲֻøȥ
Ժ
¬װѯյĻںδȻ˹ȥˣһ谵ĻڣյιǽϣҷֱһȿԵĻ
谵Ĺ£ջɫԽĶĿǶķɫϵĸд츳¬װֹ̾
һѤ˲Ļơ
ڶǴСͯţ
̹۴
ķͼޱѩ
ǰ׺ա
Ǵֶ֣һµģüĿºǳЦǰǰڡ
¬װͼеİޣ˱עУ̬ϸ˭
ƶʶˡ
һˡ˵
Ļôˮ׼¬װ̬̾¶š
ȳ˻Ժ֮
նʱ¶һͿյı飬˵۰ǸԻȥϢɣ
¬װҲýĵĺܴ󣬵ͷͬͬ
ֹһ᲻ϲ˾ۼͷʾͬ⡣
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ԣ̧Ŀ⿴
ΪͻȻ˵
һ£֮ǰٰ߰ʮѧ֣һʮһǾŰپʮѧ֡ɪ˵
ա
գʲô
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67 
ɪĻʱ, ʲôͲʮ֣
ɪüͣ
ֻʮѵ𣿡ɪ˵ԽԽɡ
, ʦ㲻˵, ɴһЩ, ֻʮ֣˺òİ
Ŷ
ɪĿ⿴һۣǲ뷨, ѵĶ˸ã
ʦ, һûǿ֢տϵɫĽ, á
ûǿ֢Ͳᱻǿ֢, վ̬еʧ⣬Ϊֻʮ֡
ɪ仰˼Ҳδ⣬˵£񻹲ʮ, ʦΣ
ա
ջסˣʮֲ࣬ʮֺͲһٷҲûʲô, ˢֵѧȫˢˣʣĶǸѿԡ
һʱĬɪ̽ԵʵʦҪҪһԺĿԣ
ա
, ճĬ̧֮ʵʦ㣬⻰𣿡
ɪҲĬ
¹ԺΧεģս¹ԺҲһ࣬ȻҲϹΧΣǰɡ֣ȸʫû֣ʫô״ʫɣǸ¨ӣһֱһֱ䡣
ΪΧĶ֣û˱ɪһֳˡÿΧΣʹʱΪĶɪһ¨ӣܵҲܴ
һʼɪǰãѸٰܱ
ɪ
ɪķˮˮųˣջǺܱ
ɪ
ݱɣÿεΧΣɪޱ룬ôŬʦһأһͰܱ档
Դһʼջɪ˶ĬԺĿԡԺԺնȥˢ˸ȿԣһٶʮأ
վԱ߿ͬʱĬպɪˣ¬װգգۣ˵ʮѧ𣿶򵥰㿼ˣʦ㲻ǻûȥֻҪԺһȿԾˣ൱ڰ͡
ԣպɪ˸ӳĬˡ
ð֮ղſ˵ҪŬŬһԺߵȿԣ
ɪԳã̧¶Ķ˵ѧѧ壿

ԳĬû˵
ȻȥԺԱߵ¬װµŲʮֶѣбҪȥսôѶʮѧֶѡ
ֵֻʮѧֵһȿԻϾ൱ںѶȣ͵ѧ֡
Ŀ⿴һۣû˵ֻ¶һҵЦݣ㲻
ѧԶ޷ѧıˡ
¬ʦ˵ûȥԺߵȿ̫ˡɪ˵ѶȺͻرʲȡ
ɪճĬûϸ˵ʦúβԣֻһȿԲѡ
ǰǰԱߵ¬װͬ
һֹͷͬȥԺߵȿ԰ղ󡣡

СôһȰԥ£ȻаɣȥԺ
ԣɪ¶Цݣգһúýģʦá
ա
仰岻ɵظ֮ǰǲϰʱɪ֧Ŀ־С
֮վͽ˶ʮֵĵ
Ͳʮֻ֣ʮֻ֣ҪͨԺһȿԱ׾ٵĵõʮ֡
ֻʮ֣һȿԶѡ
տ˰£¶û
ԺԵľð˸ݣսŰŰսδӮ
ɪˣ¬װˣֹͬˡ
ֹǣ¹ѧԺġܼˣϾܹһԺʧʮϰٴβۿŻҪʧȥʤˣ԰¹ԺҲֻһѣֻһȿԶѰ
ԺԺںÿȥԺԵʱԺԺվһйעĿԣÿÿֱҡͷ⺢ӣôôϣľԴأ
ԵĻԺԺ޲³ָˡоԼѧԺʦĻȼգ޷̣޷ѧ˵ͼ޴Ĵ
ÿ뿪ԺʱԺԺúֵı鿴·޲ôһַ·ɸ֣޽֯Ӽˡ
ÿζ﷢ë̲סɪ˵ÿԺԺҵı鶼ְǲЩʲô
֡ɪ˵ϸעҵıĻᷢÿԺʱҿıԺıһġ
ԺԺˣֻиղ˰ΧεɪˣÿҲһأòĬ䣬ܿסûˡ
ա
첻˵ˣҴùͷ
վɪѾѧܾˡ
ʵյӣͷԺԣȷǸִ㲻׷ˣͬҲȨףΧһϺ츳ڿ˿ʤӮĻ£ĻʶʱͻʱֹȥѡϣĻԺߵȿԣԺȿԡ
Ϊɪһֱûзûз޷˵빼ɪĺ⣬һŬ֮
룬ǲпأŬлرģʱЩ㾡ȫȥŬŬŬκ˶Ŭȴһлر
һ˵ĻҲͷˡպɪϦµĵɽϣ˵ΪһԲŻŬһѣŬһѡ
ƻʱֵգѤƬƬϼͬһ㣬ųǰδеޣȼ⣬·綼ĵϦ֮⡣
պɪɽߣϦ˹飬Ӱӡ
촵ţ繡
֮
ţ˵Ļһ˺áɪ𣬡˵ĻֻҪһ˲Ͳ
˭Ҳûȿڷ
ŬĶԷټһ£Ŭһ£Ļʼ޷ڡ
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ûСտҡҡͷҸʦ鷳Ŷԣʦ࣬ҡ
ҲЦ£ҾͦõģҲδйãҲδйϵܵʦ㣬нĻһʦģϡ
ʦЩӣҲȤͷ·Ķһ㡣նɪЦ˵
ɪһð֮ƿ԰ָ˸ϵͷӲ˵ã类ˡ
ʦ͹˰ʵҲǺֻܱȱ˵츳ѣҲΪΪ֮ϾôţҪȡߵʲôܹҴﵽպ޳˵
ɪ㻹˵
ʵѣΪβ˵ֱ׳
ڶ졣
ʵңԺһȿﵽʧ˶ٻˣ¬װǰգ˵
ա
룬ʵ治˵
¬װĿ⿴𪿡Ӳɵس鶯գĺȰȥĿԣǣǿôŬԷ˼ڡ
գֻ̾˿Ĩ˰ֵ˼ףȥܲϵó
Ҳмȥѧףɲóʦãȡһڵİ¹ԺʦҲЦſ˵ʦüͰŬһѣ˵´ξͿˡ
İ¹ԺҲ׷׳ͬѧϰڼ֣֮Ժջ񡣡
·Զ⣬Ὣ¶ʦù㣡


ԣĿ⿴İ¹Ժʦʦǣ¶һǳЦ˵ţһģлλʦ֡ʦ㣬ҿˣǳǰ
ԣ˶ʱЦˣΪǳǣ
ѵʦýǵС𣿡
һ˵ȻΪǱ˰ҵǳԷôˣûǮ
ǽ޶Ǻġϵıʾ
Цĸˣ㳡϶Żա
ɽʱǿ龰ɵüʵЦôģЦʲôأ
¹Ժĵӷ׷׿ڵʦ˵ͨԺĿԣǳأ
ɽԶʱƣΪǳǣ
¹ԺӺЦΪʦ˵ǽ޶ģԲ𷹡
ա
ȵȣû˵
ûô˵˵ǽ޶벻ôһȺ˳Էôǿоͳǽ޳Բˣ
վãǽ޷
ôԵļٻɽһŵİɣֻɵӲŻš
ԭˡɽ֮ȻѵʦöԲˣǳǣ̫ˣ
ա
ҡûԡ𡢷
ˣ
ʦ˵ҪǳǵİµȺ¹Ժӻίˣʦһ⣬ǲܹ
ա
ǻˣ
˵Ҳеɽ˵ȻɫɣʦͨԺԣǱǮȥʳζ¥ϯ档
ԣµİ¹ԺӶʱ˵ɽϿ۰ѧ󷽣
תͷֶգʦðһҪͨԺԣܲܳɽһپͿ˰
ǾǰɽĻ᲻࣡ʦͰȫϣˣ
ա
ôͻȻȫϣˣ
ͻȻȫϣգΧֵķ·ڹѾǰף˵ڰ¹ԺӣЦǿľȫϣܱܿȫľ
˵Ƕôĵ
ԼûŰ
Ϸɽϲ˷ܵѧҲɵ¶Ц⣬Ŀ⿴һɫ·գ۵׵ЦɵӣѵȱһڳԵģҲñͨͦһˣؼʱ̵ǴĲС

ɽ̾˿ѧԼҵģֻܶտЩ
лҪ˵¹Ժǣʦ˵ǽĳԲ𷹡
ɽʲô˵Բ𷹣
¹Ժӣ̫ˣ
ɽѧգ̫ˣ
գ
Ҿںǽޡ
ɽ΢ЦǺǽޣֻں㡣


68 
硣
պһ, ǰȥԺɽϰ
ͥԺ̺Ļ̳ͤ, ɽһųǰ, ϰڷһ̺ͺڰӡ
ա
ɽҪΧΣ
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ĵ, ˼ֵɽ̧ͷȥЦô
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Ҫѧ𣿡տ˵
ɽĿ⿴, ˵ôѧ
ûֱӻش벻ѧ, ˵ʦһֱڽ塣
ɽ˵, ɪȷ
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ѧȴѧͨġɽֱԲ
ա
ҾҸ˭ѧѧͨѾǶˡ
ɽɫ, ˵֪ԺսżǺ
ûأһֱںżսżרƳһˮƽĻż, Ҳ˵һֱںͻսˡ
ţ¡ɽǫѷ˵
ա
ɽװĺãţ£˵ó
˰, ƽ׽ûӣദˣղ֪ⱻΪʥƳ籸޽¸صİ¹ԺɽʵǸǳˡղɵ޽Ϊɽʱ¼Щ⡢ĻһֱʿŰɵģرʿϣΪڮǵʥ塣
ҲǲŵģˣɽЩ˿ǻƲ鲢֡ɽǸʮֿˣѧֿظ̡
ǶԼѧɽûӵģƽ׽šΪ̫УֱӵɧƪŪѧˣͷӻúܡ
ż޷һףֻҪһףƻȥѡɽЦ˵һף˭أ
ա
㣬㣬㣡
֮⣬ԥ˵ɽң
ԣɽüıĵǿ졣
֪֪ɽ֮ѧɽΡΡޱߣðɽ¡ĿϿĿɽؿ˴һСļƽϵİɣ
ɽ
㵹Ƥ񰡡
ɽĿؿһۣҵǾɲ⡣
ռװĻֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ̲ң
һγһ顣ɽ˵

ҧҧӦˣá
ﰵޣ···һΪ˱ѧıƣ

ոɽѧ壬ɽרҵרѧģǳ㽫֮ǰɻ󲻶ĸͨˣһΪóڿףձӶѪĲʹѵס·һξͲϵˡ
վԼսˡ
ĶҪʵһµ
ɪ֪ڸɽѧ֮ĿŹֵĿһۣȻˬ˵ȻɽԸ㣬ȥɽѧɡ
˵գЦ£Ҳͷͺˡ
ͷͺʻѧģǺܿѧˡ

գ⸱˦˰˿ı飡
Ϊɽѧ壬մǣͣÿǰȥԺԣŰտΣרĸɽѧ壬׼ʱһʤ
һüûȥԺԣǽԺԺˡ
մԺԶԶر㿴վһϮҰ׳۵ԺԺ
¶ʱɻӿŲ߽ˣԺ
ԺԺ̧ͷĿ⿴¶Цݣˡ
šӦԺǲ⣬ѧݺ裿
ԺԺ˰˵أҾͬ˵仰ߣʱ䡣
˵գգɫ£ȻʵҼЩʱղδǰȥԺǷ
¾ȣû뵽ԺԺȻΪô㡰С¡ǰѯʣΪϲ츳ѧð֮˵
ȷԺԺ㣬ǴҲϲڷܺѧѧ
գ̾˵һѧѧΪʴӶʵʹϧ顣
ԥãǷǰһˣˡԺԺ˵ҪҪټ£
Ŀ⿴ãɫϿȰɵЦԺˣҲδֻڿǰͻϰ׼´һʤ
ԺԺ
еѣԺԺսŰܵսɵϸԥ֮ɫ֪ǲӦȰ
һֱͬɽѧϰʱûȥԺǱߣаȥԺԡ˵
ԺԺ
ԣԺԺԼԭѯԸԸѧĻ˻ȥ
Ҳԥ˺þò¶Ϊӣϵʵڲῼ˵ģϵĳֿͼִϧ֮ģ˵ԹȻҪһѧѧ֮εѧΪʲòʵ˼亶¡ĺ£ԺԺ̫ˣΪ̫ˣŻϧ֮ģҪһѡܹȥҲδתıӵһ
û뵽ɽۣɽԽҲˣ컯ԺԺ¸пղɵ¶΢Ц˵ʵ̫ˣҪɽúѧ
ԺԺ˵ɽԽ˵Ļɲࡣ
տϵɫȻͷ˵ţһġ
ԺԺɵЦˣ̫ˡ
һЦţһⲽȥˣ߻ռ䡣
ûʲô̫ˣ֮ģԳϽѧˣԺԺһһΪѧ㣬κһѧۺû
ȥԺ֮
ԺԺΣǺӴӦ𣿡
ԺԺҡҡͷ
Ȼ𣿷Ҳá
ҲɽԺԺЦǺ˵
ɽ壿˵ֵ˵㲻ģ⺢ַԺӣһɽɽ޻Ҫһģ
ԺԺô˵ֻҪԸѧ壬Ǳͬˡͬˣ֮ʱ㵱Ԯ֡
̻ࡣ

ɽѧʮգһʼ䵽żӮڵӮӶ࣬վʱ³ɽȥԺսˣ
ʮڣɽһֱõԺżˮƽգ൱һ߿ؼʦԵѵʮ죬ֱŸ߿Ŀѵġ
վҪǻܿԲðŶˡ
ҴǰȥԺյĿν֮նǰɽ˵
ɽƵӣͷҲ̧˵ǲ뱻ȺС߶㻹Ǳĺá
Բ⡣
ɽ̧ͷĿ⿴ЦһȺСӺò״ŸԹ󻧣ɲķ
ա
ô˵Լǹ󻧵
㿴ܶӣ˵
ɽԵЦ
ղ֪ɽǰǳԹˣóʦˡ
ռ͡
ɽԸ뿪յһ
ο϶ˣңĵ˵

ղ֪ٻսԺ
ҽȥˡһ̤Ժ
ɪ¬װֹȫˣĿȥ
ճ¡
ȥ֮
ܿ𣿲µİɣ¬װȥջŽǲ
ֹҲһ˵ȥԺ
㲻ûԺߵȿԶԺһȶ׹˵
Ƕеĺ𣿡ɪɥĻ̲ס˵ûģҲɽеĺ𣿡
ɽԳˣղʮΣҪɽӻҪҪ
˽ĵԺ⡣
Ժ
صĻŴӵŵͤڣһϮ°׳۵ɽƵƷһ裬̧ĿԶһۣ¶һĨЦ
Ժ
һʱ
մԺ߳
Ⱥɪ¬װֹæӭȥô¬װæʵ
̧һۣδ˵
¬װˣ㵹ǿ˵
ͷһͷһ⵶ǿ쿳һ仰
ճãȻ̧ǰɪ˵ʦ֪ļҵóԣ

ð֮ɪЦˣЦãŴ󷽵Ц޾ףͷҴȥ
¬װ
˵ʲô

һԵֹĴ̲ס
صģ˵˭أ¬װԶʱˣŭ
ֹһۣú磬תߡ
¬װ
оˣ
ռδӦ֪ǹҰ˳˵ʲôˣ¬ʦ֣֮ǰ˵ʲô
ҿˣҳǰЦ˵
¬װ
ֻһ˵Ȼ
¬װʱж˵ǿ϶ҳԹóǡ
̫ˣ¬װ˵̫˰
Ҳ˵ɲ𡣡
ǿྡɪ˵
лҪ˵鳭ĻգҾı
ɽ΢Цҵġ
һʼûҪ飬ֻǿȥ׼Сͨصɽ޹˭һ鲻Ըһе뺦޵ӣȺ¼ֱԲôࡣ


69 
һǧѧ, ڶվȥ˲¥ٰӰһˣٰӰĹõеʱȻһԼ̫˵ĸп, ǧࡣ
Ϊ̫, պһҪٰӰĹҵɽϵĳ嶯ݺݴͺˬ
üĳˬ
Ҳѣȥʵʩ, ûǸ
˷ܹշٰӰĹ, ٵĽȫƪһƪȻѸٵĺˡ

òҪ
ﰵɽϳɾ, ͷӻú, ѹָ˵Ļ޿֣¥صٰӰǲƪ, ȱҳ
ѹ¬װ˵ôᣬҪĻŹ֡
Ҫȥɽ
뵽, յ, òײŽѣħצûã
ԺĿ֮ͨ, ձΪԼӳ죬ӴߺɣҲòˣ

ѹίĺɽʾ, ЩӴɽˣѧһֱ鷳ɽҲǳ֮ƣѧպǺʦʦһŬѧɡ
˵ôһ˼Ҳˣ
ɽԵЦֻĿζĿһۣǾˣҲǿ㡣
ҴӲǿˡɽЦº˵
ա
⻰Լţ
룬ʱɽǹģ϶һȥġ
ɫ࣬һɽ·µսթˣɵһͷײȥͶ
ɫѿˣϷڡ
˵ⱾٰӰת뿪ˡ
֪¥ٰӰǲȱ𣿡¬װ˵
֪¬װǸԵĿǡ
Ȼһʼ¬װһٰӰʱ򲢲֪ǲȱģôҲȥɽ̵ʱɽһ仰ʵľǣ֪еⱾٰӰȫ𣿡
ʲôʱ¬װ;ˣȻǲȫѹôöᡣ
漴˿Ц̫ˣΪ̫ѧᣬǹⰡ
ʱɽͱȻԻ·ˣȫ˹
֪㲻˵տһȫûʶڵ¬װԱ˵
¬װգգۿ˵ʲôϵǲƪȥɽɽᰡ
ֻҪѧᣬǲǲƪν˰ɡ¬װͷ˵һʼҾȥɽ
ա
㵹һʼ˵
Եԩ
תͷǰɪʵʦҲ֪𣿡
ԣɪ̧ͷһۣһʼҵȷ֪
ʲôʱ˻ɵģʵ
һʼͻˡɪ̹Ȼص

ԣĬ
ð̧֮ȥɽ͹𻨸⣬ʵΪ̽
ǡɪϵ

֪˵ʲô
ں󷽵¬װǶͷԵĶԻ֮ɫ˵ʲô
ջɪûлش
һʼղδʶﲻԣΪէ԰¹Ժ˽֪ԲŻᱻ¬װƫû¥ٰӰǲȱԡΪǲȱĻǱ㲻ȥһѧһ˵ǲȱ¬װôܲ᣿飬վͲȥ롣
ٰ֪ӰĹǲȱģǺ֮ܶǰûʶͻȻˣɪһЩٶʵ룬ɪȥ͹𻨸¸ɽٰӰ鶼˲۵㣬ɽôû¸Ϊ¹ԺBOSSǿϷɽǲɹԾNPC¸Ʒһй𻨸⣬ɽһ۵Ĺ𻨸ܸ㶨𣡣
˾⣬ıⲢΪ
ôʲôԭأ
룬²µ뷨
һʼ¬װ¥ٰӰʱɪӦѾʶ˲Ծ
ɪڸղŵǷԻ֮󣬶˳Ĭ
˭Ҳû˵ЩŹ֡
¬װֹĿ˿ֿ˿ǸƺȰǣȴ֪οڡ
գ̧Ŀ⿴ǰɪƳĬ˵ʦ󡣡

ĻɪĬһ£̧֮ǰգЦһ˵ʦòǲµ¬ʦڲ¥һٰӰʱ򣬾;ˡ
޽־壬ձֽ¥̿ɱֵ书ΪλԺΪλᱻڲ¥¥ԵĵطΪܹԺӶһѧϰɪ˵ĹûپӦñ
ԵʱҾͻвԾ¬ʦ˵ѧȥɽѧᣬұ²⹦⣬ԺὫļٵĹڲ¥Ǳֻһܣȫɪ˵
ⲢʲôԲ²飬ɪܹ뵽ҲӦ뵽ģֻ¹Ժ԰¹Ժ˽⣬ֻΪԺɲһȽϿŴ󵨡صǣ¬װѧٰӰֻԺµϰٰӰ
ʵġ
ֻҵĲ²ѡɪ˵Ϊǲ²޷ȷҲδڵʱ˵ڣȥˣٰ֪Ӱڲ¥ֻ֮һѧ
¬װ
û㣬¬ʦܡɪ˵
Ŀ⿴ĵ仰ƭ˵ġ
ŲΪǲ²޷ȷԲû˵ʹ⡣
ɪЦ˵ԲʦãǵʱûΪ˼ֱ˵ͺˡ
ա
֪˵ѣҲֻԭˣûϵʦ㡣˵ֻûҪ֮Ҫ̹ϣΪãܶᶼΪ̹ɵġ
̧ͷĿ⿴ɫ棺Ϊô飬ӦøĬĬ֪˺ˡ
ɪһ㶣ܿס飬Цû뵽ʦû˵Ļ
Աߵ¬װЩ֪ʲôͷ˵һʼûѻ˵塣
ǣĿ⿴ʦʦãܾ˵ô򵥣֮ʲô
̾ɪ˵ֻǲ²⣬һʼȷٰӰĹȫҲ֪¹ԺǳԭⱾñٻǰɱִ̿֯书ķ˲¥Ժǰȥһ
һֱһŹ˿϶ֹ¬װѧֻһΪ¬װԼôѧ֮Ȼȥɽɽȫ˹ѧˡ
¹Ժֻܹɽ仰˵ҪѧٰӰĹֻоɽͬѧ
һӵǰһ˲֪ҲȥѰɽ
¬װһһʲôҲûֻΪѧʦ򵥵ԭײͨظǵõͨؽѧٰӰ
ɪ¬װĻԼµġͨԲŻù𻨸ȥ¸ɽĽ飬Ϊ¸ʵ̽̽ɽǷȥϰٰӰɽô֪ʱ򣬱ͷɽûֹԴӦֻҪõٰӰĹͽ
ʱΪɽǹΪʵǣɽʱ˼ֻϵ˼ӦٰӰȻǰģΪҪѧٰӰҪɽȫ
һ롭
գʯɽǹûѧϰ
ɪɽ壬ֻһɵʲôҲ֪
룬վԼžɵİɡ
ɪգ˵һʼ˵Ļʦñɡ
̧ͷĿ⿴
Ľ޷Ǿɴʲô˵ʦȥԡɪ˵գܹϣԸģƻ

ɪǰֿ̹Ȼ罾գԼԱֱ¬װҲֻ˸ȥɽ˵ҪѧٰӰǲ֪ɽܹȫѧٰӰ𣿵Ȼ֪ǲȥѰɽΪҰ
ٰӰ޽书֮һ˲ĶɪĶģɪڲȥѰɽˣ˻˭̹ӣ֮˭вɸ˵һ档
ʦ㡣տ˵ԼҪãֵá
ԲҪԷƱ˵һܲ˵ġ
ɪĿ⿴֮Цˣ͵Ĩһѹܺɽ㡣
ա
ĻʱҪңޣ
ͷֻѧϰ·ѧϰѧϰ
ֻѧϰѧϰѧϰ
ɪȻɫߵɫʵ˵ʦỹǺɽɣ㹦˵
ա
֪ΪΣܾʦ⻰˵ġĪһŮѧƭǮͷӲƲĸоɪͷ·ǺŮѧǱΪ飬ıߵġͷ
лҪ˵Ǯͷɽ
ƯŮѧ
ĻǸͷɪ
Ȧҡ
ɽ΢Ц˵ô


70 
ͷ, ɪĿ, һɪǰ׼õĹ𻨸ǰԺƭɽȥˡɪǷʵ̫, տӵͤڵһϮ°׳۵ɽʱ, ĿⶼЩ顣
رǵͤڣȻԵƷһɽ̧, ĿƵĳʱյ˵˲ﵽ˶, ͻͻȻԼǸƭ浥°׸, ƭ֣ɪվбıߵĻŮ
ɽζĿϺɫ, ͤⲻ, Ŀ, ٲҪˡ
̧ͷһͷɫտո, أ֪úܣոɽһȻǰ߽ͤ
ɽһеŵĵĺ, ЦʵÑ
ա
ڷϴε飬治ɫ˵ǣǲ㡣
ÑĻҲΪڿ̿ȫ𣿡պƤ˵
̿, ûûҹѧϰϰ£ڿ֮ǰһǧѧ֡
㣬һѧΪһǧѧֵѧֻ£⻹
ɽĺƤ̾Ϊֹɡ˵
ʲô
㡣ɽЦҿƭһ衣
ɽܰ㻵ѧ𣿡

ɽǡ
ɽǰ裬һϮ°׳۶˷º͵ɽһζԺﲻʱ˵ĸһ仰ʲôġ
Ҳɣ롣
ˣáɽһ״ɱǰЦڵ
ĺĹ𻨸Ѿȡڲ谸ϡ
ն豭ƷһڣȻ£ޱ룬ȻɫζмӳɵİɣɽĲأ
ֻǲҶԭѡվҵȥɽȵɪѯԭ֮ǰ˵ʱ鶯գ˵ɽõĲҶ޽ߵϵһĲҶȫ޽һꡣ
ÿôһҶɽҲֻǼλʥáɪĵܲú
˵գĿؿǰһֻۣһ˸ɽԲȡ
ɽĲãҵдʿĸܳҡΪúȣȥŷȥȵҲһˣҲɽûߡɪ˵̾һɽ̫ˡ
һ䣬ֻȥûԣԵԴġرҪ˵Ҳǰ׺ģҸ˵ȥİȵģҹԵģܹƽ
ɪ
ƽƨ
ɪ޳ܵĻ̲ס˾࣬ɽĲҶ޽һĲҶǼֵʯĵܱȵ
ղ֪ǣȵĲĵ裬ĶǴ޽һɵĲҶƣϹһλʥĶΪĵѿҶƳɵĲҶ㱻Ϊĵ裬пļĹЧÿҲֻôһҶɽҲֻôһ㣬ÿնȣÿȥݲõĵĲҶ
ͬ޵Ľ£ΪӹúܲڵĽޣ裬Ҳ֪ɽÿдĲǺεȵ󲻷ֻ֪ɽĲ㣬ȹúȵĲ衣ǣɪ֪ĵ󲻷ģδգɽȻĵд⣬ɽ˵ֶʲôء

պ˵֮󣬾׼ʼɽ̸ˣ֪ǲãÿκɽĲ֮ĺą̃Ϊ֮һᣬ鶼ɵغˣҲΪǷʹ˿֣
ǰɽɫ˵𻨸ó𣿡
ɽ
һһģһĿͷ
ɽͼܿ·˵аɣǿǿҵĲúȡ
óҲˡһ˵飬û׳Եͣ㸶гŵʱˡ
гŵҧȻһٰӰŵ˲輸ϣƵǰ
ɽЦˣ㻹ǡ
ǳ𡣡
ⲻǼǳֻծǷǮҪġò˵
ɽҡͷʧЦȻȡҳֽŵ輸ǰЦծ
ģɽ˵¶ǲ
ǲֽӹֽ仰ʱ˷ĿŹ⿴
ǲֻծˡɽ̹˵
ա
ŶĮڴ˷ܣΪʲôծϷ롣
ɽĿ⿴Ц˵ƺڴʲô
ûУʸڷϵôܳأܳϣôܳ˱ʹ֮ǰūһū
տɽֽҳֽٰӰԭȱҳɽ޸ĹġٰӰǰдһר䰵ɱĹϢӰ͵ϮɱɽҳֽⲿϢ٣ĵĸʺϷ͹
ӸĹĽԭ湦ʺգշǴ̿ɱ֣Ҫ͵ϮɱɽĹ֮ĹĽĽܹ꣬Ϣٽٶߵ£޷׽ĽǶȣƶκηλ˷ʤﵽ޴֮龳
ԭ湦ǸĹĸʺգһյ޸ĵġ
տƮƮҳֽ촽΢΢£Ķ仹ĳ˵ĹǶʱܹģرǡղŸյ¹Ժ£ɽܹ޸ĳĹ
ɽĻҪģ򴽣̧лл
ԣɽЦһծǴ󷽣ԻǮĵл

գһڳң
´α𻨸ˣǳһ壬ҵ̶ܿҲ뿪ʱɽ˵
ա
㻹Ұ
ҲǷծ
뿪֮ȥ¬װ¬װ˵ɽ㲹ȫٰӰɸһۣ
ԣ¬װգգۿȻ˵԰
ĴҳֽŽգսӹһȻ¬װĹҲɽ޸Ĺģ¬װĹ֮ƫڡܡ
ɽҲǵ¬װᱻ˴أ˸пȻҳֽ¬װ
¬װӹȻ̧Ŀ濴ʵʦãǷʲô
ҲǷʲôɡ˵֪ɽǵٰӰֻǲȫǰ򵥣ÿ˵ԶԹ޸ģʹʺǡ
¬װԾ˵ԭˡ
Լ򵥣һһϣ£ı㲻⡣
ɽĻЩ֡¬װ˵Цʦó֪ɽǸˡ
ǸܺõˡǿˣɽˣûнԺ
ֹңֹʦҲһ¬װ˵Щˣ뾭ѵǲ׽ܵġ
лҪ˵浥׸ɽ
ƭ
ĻŮɪ
籾
˷ܣɽֻȻ󱨸ʹ֮ǰūһū
ɪʲôǷ
ɻ˫д֮ǰд飬˫ϲϰΣ˫ԣҲǷ
ɪ
գΪҪʲô
ɪûʲô
Ȼͼתƻ⡣


71 
¬װĻʱһ, ¬װȴû˵ȥ˼, ǵҪȥʦֺȾ, ʦҪһ𣿡
ˡҡͷ˵
¬װ뿪֮, ɫ˼, Ȼת뿪ˡ
ա
ʦҪһɽȥ𣿡ν֮ɪЦյ
ȫϣ.գͨԺһȿ, ˰¹ԺԺĹǳԹ󻧵Ļᣬɽϰ¹õʳ¥, ˼ϯ档
ǿɽ, ڳڹ䣬Щȥʳζ¥ɪ
ͷ˵Ҳ, ЩҪ򡣡
ǾԼˡɪ˵
磬մɽﲹλɪһɽȥˡ
¹ڡ
պɪһ¹, ʱܵͷ, Ħ࣬ض̲¥İ¹ǿҪɽּİ¹ԺҪֶˡ
һ´ɽﵽ˷ֵĳ, նһɻȻĸо, ַ·ﱻųŷ, ɵȸԾҲЩڴ˷أ
ѹ˵ԺڽԶɽַĳǳ, ܾѧϰĵ类Ļ繴˻˼顣
תͷɪ˵ʦ㣬ļ̵Ǻóԣ
ɪ˵΢΢¶һЦݣȥͼ
ա
˻
ɪἰ˻ֻ뵽һ
ʦ˵ĸòǡ˵
ɪתͷѵĿºЦͷûʦǸͼ

ð֮ղֱ׳޳ܣ˵˾ǰ㻹ȥʲôͼأ
ɪ⻰ЦˣЦðֹ֮סЦհڰ˵ʦЦ¬ʦ⸱ͼڳбѾ࣬񶼵⸱ͼǻΪ¹һ
ʢҪǰȥհһɪ˵
Ȼˣ⻭գ¸ǡɪˣϱ㲻绨ѩ¶뻭޶ȤǣһΪʢͼУϲ֮ˣʶ⻭Ҳ㲻ͬ
Ļʱˣʲôǻ棿
Ϊ¹ǽϵĻһֱ»ȥ֮ǰ¬װĨȥֹĿͼһĨȥ¬װͼ⸱ͼпȥΪ¹ǵ
ռȾ㤣һ㶼Ϊ޽ġˡһΪĽޣĸǿ𣿹ͺóܵģ
ҪԺĽ֣˼һ֣;ԭ㣡
ֵ˼һޣ㣡
ա
ͺϢ
մ͹һֵĴӰ¬װۿҪڻϷʥպ˴֮ĻֻӴ棬ֵΪʱΪͼˣֻᱻϱˣ͹׷󡢿Լ޾
Ҳûͼļ£޾฽Ӹ
ǻǻ֮⡣
޾Ļ룬֮֡
Уͼȥ΢⡣
գջɪȥͼǵʱͼǰѾΧŲˣĿ⾪ޣ¶ԣ̾ͼǰٳٲȥ·ħ˰㡣
ɪֻԶԶؿһۣת뿪ˡ
𣿡ռֻһ۱뿪˵
˱㹻ˡɪЦǰֺαض˼ˣ
ա
⻰˼Ȼûôоֵֹģ
ǰм̵ǹǰ¹õġɪ˵߰ɡ
šմӦ
ǰȥ̵·ϣɪ˵ʦҲ̫⣬Щ˿ֻͼϵ˶ѣ˵ֻǻãÿ벻һͬһͬ˿ǲͬġ
ڰο
ԣ˵лʦ㣬صģ֪ˡ
ʶ˵ȷ׾ٱϳͼǸϵǳǲʶˣҲֻѣЩ춼ãȫὫ뻭뵽һȥ
ǰ¹ǵһ죬Ǹ·ˡ
Ļţ׻鷳˵
ɪԶʱ£Ŷʦʲô
ʦһҪµģ
⼸µദɪĻ֪ܲλʦϿŴءׯʵǸ޼ɣǸĽޡ޵ŵʲô˾Ǹɣ
̧һ˫۾٣תǽʦȥĨͼҵĴΣ
ԡɪ˵ŬŬ˵С

˼ԡ
¬װ֪ѾҪȡǸΪͼˣһֹ黭أֹȻޱɫĮȴû¬װ黭һؽֹȥ
պɪȥǼȫ¹ọ̃ʮǡΪؽֵźö࿴ȥ˺óԵĸ㣬²˲ٸ㡣
ǹ֮󣬻һЩʱ䡣
ȥ黭ֿɪ
룬Ȼ˵á
ǣתȥ黭֡
ʦ֪𣿡ʵ
ɪԵʦҪ򻰱
ţйȤģ򼸱ȥϾʱɴʱ䡣˵
ɪ˵
ȻվͿ·Ĵ˼֣һӣӵľͷȻһССƾɵꡣ
棡
տص֮ѰƾС꣬ʱһ£˵ɽɵλʦȥǼרϴĲ̵̡
šǰȫɽгӵ꣬Ǽ걻ˡ
õķ·ͷҵƶҪڲΪ֪Сӵ꣬²ɵظĳ²⣬ʱЩ΢ɽɵ겻֣ǰ¹ǰǰ¹ԺϼҰȻ꣡û
Ҳأڽȥ֮ǰ˰οԼҲûɽСأڰ¹û˸ɽıӰɡŹ֣
һ߽꣬Ϳռ˰걻ڳɽĸֱӣкöܲг֣˷ַҪŵ֡
ա
ǰ¹ǵô£
ͷɽʥıҲҰڳڻʳǵ·±ץ
ڵղ֪޽ϵɽӰСƱڣԳŵЩʿ֣֮ϾŵĻˮƽߣдոһֲˮģıʾһ˵ȣõɽıӾǳ֣֮޽ϵıӰɽǴӰ¹ȥġ
¹ǲǻĵһ߰
ϰһɪʱЦӭȥɪ˵տǴµıϻصıĿɺãӦ󣬺Щ˶
ա
ԣ͵תͷĿŵĿԵɪ
ֻɪɫ䣬ǸŴ󷽵ɫϰ˵ղҽֻǴʦǰ顣
ϰԶʱһʧ֮ɫȻߴɪ˵Ҫڷд鰡Ҷڵأϱдɽ翷Բʦ۵Ӻ㣬ҿɶϲĺأ
ա
Ѿȥˡ
ԡۣ̲ס˾ֿڣû뵽ĴоǱߣʦȻǸдɽСĴ֮һҵĻޱְʮл͡
ɪϰĻ治ɫ˵뷨ˣڹ˼Уд
ϰһ˵뷨ˣ׷ʵдι£
ɽŮѧĹ¡ɪ˵
ա
ϰԶʱʧĹ·Ĳֹȫǿ޲λΪ㣬Ϊ
дòһɪ赭дȴʮ˵
ԣϰʱΪȻüĿչЦЩ߲һ
ա
Ѿȥˣ
ƫƫϰɪ֮תͷЦ˵Ҫ򻰱
ǡ˵
Ƽ⼸ⱾⱾⱾõġϰó˼ŵǰ˵
տһۣϱûסϰƼǼȫɽСƱ
ͷǳ󵨵֣
ϰ鲻̫ԣΪϲ⼸أ⼸ǹڱˣ⼸ⱾⱾ
ó˱֮ǰӴ󵨿ŵıӷŵǰ
ա
ҳȥ
ⲻȥ׶԰ĳһֻǸ
վԼҡҡ׹ζ̲סҡ˼£˵ûбصĵ飿
ޡ˵
ڡ
⻰һʱﴫһЦ
תͷȥֻͷһɫ۵꣬Ц˵뿴صĻɲӦõ
ա
˭
꿴ɪһ䣬ʦá
ɪ䵭˵ʦ֡
ա
˵Ĺϵܲõӣ
лҪ˵գʵǸصĻС
ɪɣҲǡ
գҵĻ޽硣
ɪɣҲǡ
գҵĻרעһ޽粻ǵĸ֮
ɪɣҲǡ
գдѪĵġ
ɪдСhuangġ


72 
λʦֲδɪ, ɪ˸к֮תͷԱߵ, Ц˵Ҿò, Ƽ㡣
˵ǰŵǰ, Ȼǰ뿪ˡ
յͷǰʱɫ, ʦƼĻȻдš˻ҳ̫̫ϳϡͽǿȢµһˡ
ա
ô£
Ϊʲô
ӦðӦֻһ֪, ԡϸ룬һ֪, ǡ, ô
ͼʲôأ
Ŀ⿴üͷ
ʲôأɪɫʵ
ջع, ˵ûʲô
ѸٵķģֻǺ, ˭дģ
治д𣿡ɪ˵, ҿߡ̫̫ϳϡ
ʱ, ϰð, Ȼ֮ǰ, ǿν޽ǳѣ׷
ʱһ, ׷
ţǾ׷
Ѹٵķû֮ǰдǸ֣ûĶ
ԣ׷
ϰ忴ľٶҲǣĵλôôֱӾͷ֣Ǹġ
һǱЩӵβ߿ӹġ
ϰĽ͵ȻĽβЩһѾ覲褣ݹʵھʣдһЩиͷͽⶼǸеġ
λ֪ڽбƳ磬ΪضǸٽ޶¼͵ģн˶򡢿ƿġϰ
ա
ȻдʱȷǽеĸͶԽдУľҲ̫ڵΪԭ͵ģҲ̫˰ɡ
̫ڿδйָģ뵽նʱ£̫ڵǸõģ̫þ磬ÿ˶ٲڵģȻ޴ڻдЩиͽ⣬ԭֻ趨õѡ
߲һвɫ׿Խɵĵӣյ츳۽Լ޽綼ǶһеĸͶԽǷ֮˴ԿǷ಻Ҳéٿ
ȻĽֿӵȴɱƳ磬ʿͺѰ˲һ޵ʿдЩи򣬶ǳ޿дĽ⣬ϲѪʿϲǹѪľ飬ڽ֡ûʲôںأֻҪˬС
һϣʿ˵൱أ
֪֮ԼСϾĹѪ޽淢ˣܻӭʮ΢һѾ
Ǯô˵ءôһγ飬ȥɡ
뿪Һбյƾ֮ɪǸ˵û뵽ʦòϲЩ
Ҳǲϲ˵ǰͦϲģϾҺܺó԰
ڲҿ¿Ժ޷ɽһʹ˵ϾɽƤӵ»ƣÿĿ֮⻹Ҫȥһһĸأ
¿֮ԺһɽֵľʲôĶһģ
ᵱģ
ɪȻʦ̫ˡ
ֻǿСӶѣ͹ˣġ
ֻҪͨĻȥ黭ɡɪ˵
Ȼȥ黭֡
·ϣպʵʦΪλȥдأ
ȫûأôŶׯһǸ˵ʦȻддޱ
ΪǰճʱΪıֻдҲͨҲδıֶΣдǮķɪ˵
Ծû뵽ȻΪʵԭ򣬵ǡʦ㿴һ绪ȸȱǮˣȷ绪ССó
ɵ¬װԣüͷ΢΢
տһɫ˿Լ˵ɪʲôûʣڵʦܹ̹Ȼ˵ЩѾЩȥֺαٶʡ
ʱ򱣳ֳĬҲһ
պʦȥ黭֣黭ͬڹ黭¬װֹ
áɰʦ㡢ʦá¬װǶˣЩĴк
տ⸱鲻ҿɵģʱ۾⡣
ͻȻ£һˡ¬װձ鲻ԣʱԵֹҪܡ
ֹȴվﶢǰֽŲڳ˼ֻֽá
Աߵ黭ϰĶһλƼ¬װ¬ҵͼ
Ŀµһˣƣ⣬ȷ绪Բλ࣡
¬װ
ϰ̸ʱǰһڣֻӣ
ȥǰʦúʦı飬Ҳˣ˫ǦһҶ
µһˣǿɻ
ǰ⻭˲µһɽɵˡϰƳţǣǽΪŵӣʮǰɽһˣʤһٵӢ񡣡
ʮʤ޽һ彣Ӱ˹ھ£˰һΪ޽һˡ
֮˻ϻԵΪϱǵѩƣŵκһ顭ϰǰȥ˻ĸŮ޶ĪԵ˸ǻȥֱ֮ͻƽףеĽΪԪӤޡ
һ˱ΪϱϻԵɼ겻δ꣬ȴ޽һзͷʢЩ֮һ츳ԻԵòǶġϰ˵
ա
Ҳȥˣ˴ܾù߳ܵġתͷֱ۵¬װ˵¬ʦֲҪ˵߰ɡ
Ȼһ˱뿪黭꣬һҡ
ԭʦô¬װ̾˵
˵Ĵѣ档ղ˵
¬װգգ۵ʦõ˼ЩǼٵģ
鶼ģǲû˵ôͱǸµһͷΣĺܡյ˺࣬ݸǧи˵˭ǵһ˭ǵڶ޸֣֮иеһˡ
¬װԡһû˵
ð֮˵ʦȷˣԵ˶û
ղҲ˵ֻĿǰҲպĸľͲˡ
¬װĻңָǱԶһĿǰµһͼǰͼ֮δʻͼ
ֻʱģ¬װܻһĶµˡ
ǻһ黭꣬շҲڷɽĻıӣɽ¼дЩ桢Ṧΰ
¹ǵĺܰɽأ¸пȻǮ˼ŵģףı⡣¬װ˵Ƕɽıأֶ
黭ֳ֮
ɫѾȥˣʱˣȥʳζ¥ɡɪ˵
Ȼһǰʳζ¥
ǵʱʳζ¥¥Ѿ˲ٰ¹Ժĵӣɽƴְʳζ¥Ķ㡣նŹʳζ¥ĴɽȻܹ¥ɵرƴָĽˣϾǽһǡԣġ
ǵʱ絽İ¹ԺǷ׷׳Цô

壬ҪǾƣû취һֻÿ˷ơ
һϮ°׳۵ɽ¥ʱ򣬿յ˱¹Ժĵƣ˵ʿƣҲסȰܲ˰վǸҪúñ
һɽ۾ʱһ·𿴵˾ǣɽ߽еˣԷɣ


ʱ
Ⱥ¹ԺĿ΢ӵĿһ۸߽ҪɽƵգ񡭡·ڿʿǲηʿ
Ȼһ¾Ʊ£װʲôûзתǰɽ˫ֹؾصķϥϣɡ
ɽƳһۣȻĿ⿴ǰգЦһȤζЦݣ
лҪ˵գˣԷɣ
¹Ժڵӣ
ʦʿϻͷϰë
ɽ΢ЦҪңȷ
ȴѼӲȷ
ʲôˣǸɣ
ɽЦݸֻҪ㲻ڡ
գ
ںˡ


73 
տɽԽº͵Ц, ʱЩ, ǽôأ˻ʲôأӲſ, ˵ѧҪ, ɽ, 
ԣɽЦݸŶ
ա
һ, ±˲õԤУÿɽ˾⸱ӡ
ɽƬ, Ȼ̧ɨȺ¹Ժ, ʵǿԼʱ䣬ʲôʱ򵽣
ûУûУ
Ǻʦأ


Ⱥ¹Ժӷҡͷ, νǿˡ
ա
Ϣ
ǷҾʱȥأ
һȺ˻
ɽתͷЦ˵ȻûԼʱ䣬Ǻĳٵһ˵
ա
ɽĬ, ĸ̨˵, Ҳգ㵱뷣Ҿƺ, Ҳǲԡ
, նʱĿ⾯Ŀ, ɶ
ɽһ޹ʲôҲû
㣡
ˣܾ, ɽ˴벻ҪҼƽϡ
ռ׵Ļᣬ˹߻˵ġ
ɲСɽЦ˵ѧȾƣܹѧһأ
ȣԱ㡣տ˵
Ƕѧ̫ݣ簮ɱɽ˵
ա
Ѹ㣡
ޱĶ㵽ô
Ķ˲䣬ɽþգ˵˸⡣
ԡĿⶢ
֣һַһΣɽЦ˵Ըܶգһ˫ȫ
ɽ⻰һʱһļž
İ¹Ժ뵹һúݣɽúݣǹΪʦðɣ
ա
Ҿ֪
һǹģ
Ʋ¹Ժӷ׷׳ԴԲɽ˵ͲˣҪʦ̣ǻԲԷˣ
ǰʱ˼Ҿ¥ˣֻûꡣ
ѧҲˡ
ɽԶʱЦܶǣˣȥȾưɣع˼ҡ
״ڰ¹ԺӶһɽûƽϣá
а¹ԺӶյȥɽ˵ûɽúˣġ
ĿޱƳһۣƽʦֺˡ
¹Ժӡ
ɽûʦõˡҲǣɽǿ湻۵ģⶺŪʦã֪ʦղʦòղŹ֡
ʦ÷λ¹Ժĵһ˶ҪϢˣǽޣ
ˣʦÿǽޣһֵܴõģʦսӲƢܹԿĲ

λ¹Ժ̾ԼɽƢãһ㲻ϲˣɾˣɣˡܲˣܲˣ°ϲɽɴ౻ʦôˡ
ţҲԲˣתͷʦֵǺȾȥˡ
ɽջЦݷˣԼһֻèֻιǱ˭ƻСèŻ㿿צ㼸¡ȻèצеۣҲ׽뵹ҲҲֵá
èģְˣǴǹҲ޷ֵƢ˲ú塣ɽЦŸκֻСè
ˣɪһսѹЦһΪ㲻ء
̧һۣɻɫ˵ϼһ߯ˣٵĺܣҺԹã֪Ҳǲè
èɪһ㶣û⻰˼ôͺɽԹأ֪ΪǶ
ϻǲèŭ
ɪ
ɪ̧ĿϸĶӣɫȻްûкΣɫм⣬ǺˣشչȥյĲ˼¡
ʦղԵĿͻȻͶͱ˶·пǰɪգգ˵
Ȼɪ˺յľ룬ʵ˭ǧ
⻰һʱԡ
û㰡ɽ˭ҵ㰡
ɽǧǲ𣿡
ǣǰ
λɽԶʱ¶΢Цɽڵʱûٵ㡣
аҲż¹Ժĵʶص
ŶƽʱǱˡɽ̧ĿⶢǣЦ˵
ˡ
˲侪֡
һ¹ԺӲΡΡҷŵƵʱһǧôʦ㣿
㣿Ȼ㣬ʵɽδ͵͵һǧ˻ʬ𼣲ͷֲˡ
ͨѰľȻκβʿһЩƾΪʿҲֵ׺ģǧһ֡¹ԺµӣƾƣǳԾˮǴҶǳˣܹܵס͵͵ƵĲû뵽ôɽϯ͵ǧΪᱻ֣
ɪ°һ䣬
ɽϯ֪ܲһ塣
ǧʦúˡɪ̧Ŀޱ鶢һۣǷŹƵʱ˭ôˣǧʦˡ
ʦ⸱ӣǺ˲٣Ǻǧ´붼ʦö
ᷴӦЩ΢΢ٻ˰ѣоı֪ʱѲѾĲˣȴƫΪԼˣûǰδеѣ˵ȴѲġ
ɪҲͷۣƽԽƵˣһԽ׳ӡ
ǵǧĵԶʱҲɵˣ⡢⡭
ɽĿƳһ۵ʹͷɵɪԵգĿרעĶǰӿ棬·һһΧţ·ԼС
գʱ˴ǣЦˡ
ģǹԾ۵ġѹǺôѧҲ᲻Կͷģ˱ۡ
ȥʰ㡣ɽĿ⳯ǵǧǳ鷳ĵƳȥ˵
ǵԶʱᣬ˭뵽Ǻǧᱻʦø˰
겻ʡĵѧ֮ɽֳԱŵճеºͣա
˽Լ̧֣ͷȥһ˫۾ˮ٣۲ת·йգգ۷·Ҫǰ˿ĸһ㣬ð֮ſ壬㰡
ϳҧֵǺ˵ɽкָ̣
ѧϰĻɱɡϳ˵һ㶼ûʲô˵ģоǱ졣
ɪ
Ȼˡ
¹Ժǡ
ʦòǽޣܸܵģ
ڳڰ¹ԺӰɪڶķ˿ӣҿ
λǧĵӣѾֶɸˣӣ
ɽԵЦˣôѧϰʦѧϰİ
ɲԡɽҡͷ̾˵
Է·˳˼֮Уã̵˵ԣʦá
ɽԸ̾ˣɵˡ
Ǻáһ˵ͦɵģڸɵˡ
Ŀ˶Сɵӵ
ڰ¹Ժӡ
ɽ治ʦѹʦǽޣнǽ޶ܱƢ
ԣɽѽɵ˺ȳ
ɽ֣ЦºͿף˵
ֻһ˫ˮﲻ
ôĻˣɻǵʦصɽ׻׻̵ĳҪ

գգۣ˵ƺе̵߹ȥˡ
ɡɽԣӺͰˣأ
ʲôǣտʵ
ɵˣɽЦ˹Ŀף˵Ժͨҳǵġ
¹Ժǡ
˵ʦû˵˵ǣ
ɽ㲻ܳʦɵͿɾչʦѹᱻģ
ȴգգۣϸ˼һȷ˵ûȻ̵Ĵͳˡһǣֵݳȥ
ľٶɽʱЦˣϵ֡
ɿ֣ŵİǹƮƮɽݵ
𡣡նգգ۾˵ԡ
ԣɽЦһȻֽŵ˿Уһ̵ζڿǻ˲Ǻ𡣡Ц˵Ȼ״ĵ˵֮ǰ˵ͨԺһȿ֮ҪȥμӶȡȡĵȿԣҪŬ
档շһֵ˵𣿡
˵ɽն˵Ŀ⿴ü˵ѵˣ
¹Ժǡ
ȷˣʦû˵
ռһ϶ƶŲɵĿ⣬̲סҲһѵ˵
ǲǵ˵
ԣǰ˵Ļ͸ˡɽɷµ̾˵ɲаգ¿ǵ°
ɻ£ʲô£
ɣΪ˷ֹǣ㲻дȻǩֻѺƾ֤ҲˡɽЦºͿף˵
ڰ¹Ժӡ
ԲۣɽȻ˲Ҫ
û٣ڲƭչ־ʦã
ȻеɵڲȫɵֱɽΪﲻԾٳδüͷȴʶˡ
ɫɽĵˣʧʱεһٺȳ³ɶܶܲˡ
ɽоһϸЦᣬôƭ𣿡
⺢ӣõƭʲôֵƭģɽ˵Ȼ̾˿ҲΪãʦУչ˺㡣
Ǻӡ
ҿûƭͽ
Ǻӣգգ۾úҲԣ˭ƭʦ𲻵һ˭ôӣаɣֽǩˣ˵ʱ˺˾ǡ
뵽վͻͷ˵á
ӦɽóֽʣݸգԼдʡ㵣Һƭ㡣
Ȼİ¹ԺĿһ˼Ҿ緢ĿʦԼԼˣĺܸɴࡣ
ɽдŵ֤飬ʱ˵һ䣬һҪɽڿΣϰ
Զһ£Ȼ仰ûʲôëȥ
İ¹ԺѾ¶˲Ҳ̶õɫʦðʦã˵ʲôãԼѵñļڸ
ûأ쿪ʼ¹ԺҪʼΪһµĳأ
лҪ˵һգԲۣҵļأôһ¼أ
ɽ忼ĺһ׽΢Ц˵ɣЩļڡ
ڷż٣ڲϰĵ
ɽ̾ңҪǲˣı⺢Ӵһ£ϸǡ
·Ϊӳɼĵĸס


74 

ʱֻͷʹ, Ӵ, ÿüͷʹĶͷʼշʲô
ˣ
ǰشһ, ̧ͷȥ, ֻɪڴǰĲ輸Ե, ˫ϥ, ž붨һޡ
ʦ㡣տ, ô⣿
ɪ̧, ɫЦЦ, ˵Ϊ
ա
û뵽ǰ, ҹһޡɪ̾˵
, ǧĺ󾢴, ԷŷԼɰڵĹǺɽԲһƵղԣר̨Ǹһ, ԭȻЦӦɽЦЦ, ϺƲɢ, ɪƵմȥԺ
ԺҲ, ʦþͰʦˣʦߺãߣ
һȲ޲ǸϽ뿪ı顣
ɪ
ûֻôôһȻȥ, һ£ڶһޡ
˵лʦˣյ˭ǧ
ɱڣҴ
ʱžƺȣ¹ԺڵûӦ߲ϡͿͺȥˣĻ֪ܲһʱ˵
ɪһۣʦ㶯֣ʳζ¥Ƿأ
棿Զʱɻ
ɪɻ󣬲֪治֪װɵѵʲô㻹ǵ𣿡
ա
ȻǵãһʼΪӲѱɽϺƵдˡһϺƭ˽ѱ
ȻȳˣǱܻڣɽƭд²ǩϴġ֪֮ʶ˲ԾҪɽｫҪɷѿĲƭϺỹȻǼư
زôƣնһףһҪɽڵһͷҲ֪鵽ôչǸزģ֮ܶǡհνˡ
һޣһĽޣһ˵ĶĽޣνˡ
³֪
ɽѾ赲ˣҲֻǽʳζ¥ȫٱ˰٣Ű¥ɷʣµİҲҡҡ׹ʳζ¥Լվڷʳζ¥ϰֻ͡Զٷųô¥ˡһ±ƵʳǣɽЦǡԷ١
ް̫Ұˣɽ̾˵
İ¹ԺҲվһԣţˣˡ
ȴһ԰οֻ⣬˭ġ
ʦˣǹġ
ɽѹ
ɽ̧ĿЦЦǣһȺӣû͵Цûѹֻͷۣôʧ⳥ɽҰ磬ûǮ


ڰ¹ԺӶʱãɽҪˮ
ɽ̾˿˵ģʦҲǹģֻǺ˾ƣΪλأ
¶΢ЦĿǰڰ¹Ժӡ
¹Ժǡ
ʦþƺȵһܣȫ£ɽ᲻
£ʲôе׳ŵʵ
ǷӣɽƳһ۵ʲôʱӸǺˣʲôʱߡ
¹Ժǡ
ͬƵɪֹ¬װˣŶüһգȫɽ³Ƿء·һȺɽũ񹤽񹤼ӸУ뵽֪ΪξЩЦһЦˡ
ɪЦҲǸûûεġ
ȺֻǳӶ˰ɡɪ˵ѵһ¼ڣձɷ磬ȫɽ³Ƿӡ

Զʱȵĺڣ
ɪĿƳһۣҲǸģʱĿ⿴ǰӽ¹Ժ붬ڣһºϿΡ
ա
ʲô
źˣ
ô֪
ʦûϵˣ㲻ǴӦɽһҪúøϰ𣿡ɪ
ա
ʱǰһڣûʹȥáúڰúݵİɶϺ꣬Һҡ
ڸ֪ź˵ͬʱʧȥѵñļڣֱң
˼Ҿ磬Ҿ御
ɪһ˲Ұȥɫɽ³ŷӵİ¹Ժǣһʱ䲻֪˭ҡ
ʦøҵɡ
ɪ˼ϾֻʧȥļڣʦȴҪϰһأ
գɪֻðοɽҲΪãѧ㶫ܲдġ
ΪãɽΪҪЩ
ɽҲΪá
ŶЩΪãΪãΪá
ղɵѿڶɽĪʧɢĸף
ɪ
ɪ⻰ˣ˵
ɽôĸأɪĳʶԴҲǣϸײŶԣ
ǰ׼̽յ¬װֹڴŲס
ð֮¬װСԵֹɽʦøף
̫ˣ
ֹ˼ã޿ܡ
¬װ
ҡҾڲǸýȥʱ򡣡ײ˾ܵ¬װǻǸϽܣʦã
ֹƳһۣΪͻȻ⸱飬п޵˵㡣
Ȼ¬װֹŲæˡ
Զ֮¬װ侲˵Ҳ֪ɽµʦˣǰȥʦǴ֣
㡣ֹǿп޵˵
Ǿȥɣ¬װ²˵
¬װֹɽ˳ǣǰʳζ¥ڣԶԶؾͿ˰¹ԺĵиľĴӣٶȲվܰѷӸǺˡ
ʦ֣ǡ¬װֹ߹ȥ˵
¹ԺһλʦֿǣЦãҿЩ
¬װֹ˸ǷӴУһ߰æһţţ¬װϱû˰ţˣʦ֪ɽʵʦʧɢϸס
ʦһȲûڰеľͷȥ
棡ʦʵ
Ӧİɣϸ˭㣬ɼɽʦǰĵĶԱˣ¬װʵԼҲ̫ȷԽ˵Խƾˡ
¬ʦܰͻȻҪ߾Ƚˡλʦͻ˵
аʦȥɡ¬װһӦ
λ¹Ժʦֱæȥҵϵõİ¹Ժӣ˵֪֪ʦʵɽŮɽŷǣ˭ǹŮأϸ׵һİ
ʦܡ
һᣬظǷӵİ¹ԺǶ֪ʵɽʧɢŮǱȻҵɽİŮƺȣɽԼƭ۸Ů
ֻ˵
۸Ů
ñ򣡡
ȵɽǰ๤ɽһ̤롰ֳľǾһǴɽŮ۸ŮŮо
ɽϵЦݶʱʧˣô£
ŹȥһҹѰɣôͲϵˣ
˿ɽϣ¹Ժ
ɽһҿ϶ҳߣպɪ˴һȰɽװûĵˣ˭Ҫ˭ȥˡ
ôĵͳȥ˰ɡ
ɪһ£յңɽ
յһ˸ŮǱ̫ƽˣһܶģһܵö಻ֱӸɡ
Ǽֱѡ
˵ɣ
ɽĿ΢ЦĿǰȺɪɪİ¹ԺǣУ˭ҥԣ
¬װ
վԵֹĿ⿴һۣȻµջվﲻ鷢һӡ
˵ġָԵȿ˵
ָŵָһˣ˵ġ
ָһˣҲ˵ġ


һָһָ¬װϣ¬ʦ˵ġ
¬װʱᣬð֮˵ҡҲʦúʦ˵İ
˵գ۰Ͱ͵ĿɽĲʦõ治Ů
ɽʱЦˣ
һôŮɽȥˣ
ö໰϶д¬װ˵
дʲôɽĿΣյĶ
ᵽΣ¬װ죬ûʲô
ֻЦҲ棬ôӵûˣûɽĿɨȺһۣ˵

һŮɽ૵Ҫʮ꣬Ҳꡣ
лҪ˵գɽҵ
ɽŮ
&ɽޣûĵ/Ů


75 
ԺǿŹһƬҶӵ֮, ¹ɽӭ˶ա
һϮᱡµնɽǰ, üѰ˼²ģǰɽȴһѩ׵£Խĵ, òϾ
ɽµ̾˿, ɾ㲻, ʱ޸, ҡ
, 겻, кβãշʵ
Ҳ, Ҳɽҡͷ, ֻǶʱ仯޸, ֻǱһʧȥ˶ĸ֪, óٶۣ޷˪ѩ޷֪ȼ޷ϲŭԹ
ö֮, 𽥱õĮ, 顣֪Ϊ֮, ϲŭԹ, Զ쳾ͷ·Ǹ߸ϵĲ֪˼伲ࡢ֪ˡ
ֻǷ·ƶѡʿһ, 䡣
˷ˣɷɡɽ
ǺܶʿȴΪһȣ뷲˻һߣʼȴǰðԴ󡢲̣ݱΪ޴ɽʿʲôɣˣ
ղɵҲ˼⣬ü˼֮˵ңֻңҲãҲãǶҡ
ԣɽЦˣƣ
ѵüһˡЦ־֮ᶨ޽඼ѵá
ԲÿɷֻǵˣҲֻǷ˶ǿߵһֳƺˣǿ˱ɣɺʼոˣ޷ˡ
֣ͤĺιܸܵ磬ܸ֪շеĺ⣬Ϊ롣
壬⺮ҵ壬ʹں籩ѩж硣ҲãǿҲãֻΪҸӱʣֻΨһڵļֵΪá˵Ȼ̧ǰɽ˶ѡ
һ磬һѤõ磬ǿƼ磬СķǿĿƼ޷ȴͬ˺֣ǧݵأǧﴫ
ҲãƼҲգ䱾ʱΪãʱ
նɺ⡣
˵Ȼ赭дȴ֪ߴεȾȡ
տȻĺܼ򵥵ĵ޽ȴ˿ƣΪ԰Ϊ԰Դ󣬳ձ֧Ϊ޴ˡ
ģҪƿ㲻ܱƿء
޽е
ʦȴ̫޷⡣
ʲôΪҪ׷Ѱ
ΪΪɱˣŻӣ
ɽǰգǾȵ˵Һ롣
ûʲô룬Ȼ˵ʵ治ɱ˿ħ
ɽ⻰ʱ̿
г𱨳жֻǶԹѡдʵ
޷ɽͣһܹĽĿȾ֪ǿʧص³һϯȫսܹݻһУеöΪ档ڲʹĽѵлֻЩ˼ǵãЩ˻Ȼ󲻶ϵصޡ
ɽĻͬĵͷ˶̫⡣
Ҿͺܺáɽ
Ҳ̾˵ֻôǵ̫ˡ
Ϊ֪Դɱ֮ɽĳЩǺεȼɻЩûٸɫ鷳ҪʦţȺã񻹵ɱ
Ǻ۰ͰͰ¹Ժʲô⣬мֲ²⣬ҲʱǺӽȥ˻ˡյѩƣϽţųĶԶӰݣЩ붯Ҳֻˡ
ϳԽ࣬붯Խѡ
뵽յüͷЩˡһ죬Ҫȫγ㵱ˡ
ǰɽָƽüԵһΣݷ
ڻ㹻ǰݷ̲Դ̸ڵѵУƱҪһ𣬲κηĻᡣɽ˵
˵£ȻЦԵͳǰʦء
ȺһԵ㡣ɽЦ
ԣ´ҲЦˣǵ׬ˡ
ɽϵһڿΣǰ¹Ժĸ£뿪¡
ҹ
ɽһɽţдݹˣ־ᶨԹɱϣʴȡɱƫȻļֱֱ֮нȻڽ֮
׽̣ϦԣȻʶ
¹ԺĪԶױʡ

һµļת˲š
¹ԺĵҲ½ԺԭΪݼٶԺٴ
֮ĵһϿΣݼٻİ¹ԺڵԵм޾᲻
նֱ̫Ϥˣǰ꺮ٻѧУһϿε
ŶһڶڲϰգʽûʹĿȫǡ
Ϸɽ˵ɫ۵ףν֮˵տʼݼһ¡
棡
Զʱˣôݼ٣ǲŸշٻ𣬵ȵȡɽĲϰѾȫżٵĻǣնʱϲɫԷż˰
ϷɽͬϲʤıǵĿɫջĿ⣬տʼԺΪһµĽ߽֮Կɱ
α㵽˽ɽȻ뿪֮ǰ˵ʱǰԺ

Զʱ£ҲǲϰôҪȥ
ɽ뿪֮󣬵һȻ
֮Ҫʼ𣿡
Ŷ꣬ʦּνٶ꣬ͻƻ𣿡
ǵĻɵִ˴ǰɪʵʦ㣬֮ʲô
ǽ֮λᡣɪתͷ¹ԺεĽһ֮ףŻʿԽհŶ
գգ۾ͺñɽɵĽӣ˵ɽɵĽӻʦš
һεĽǰͻƽ֮λճˣ֮ҪѡεĽɪ˵
Ŷԭˡ˵
ϱ鲻⣬ŵĽ֮λᰡʲôء
ʦǲҪ֮պʵ
ɪ׵ţǰұ㿪ʼ׼¡
Ȼտ룬ʦ硣
ɪЦǾ͹ףʦ³ɵóԸ
ɪԿЦ¶һζı飬ʦ⻰˵е硣
ţԲԣѵʦԼûģȻ˵ɥĻ
ɪϵıûֻͣǵȥɽ
һᵽնʱ˵֣ɽΪҪȥҲϰ˰
ȥ˲֪ˡɪ
ðɡ˵ֻˣɽ˼ò¡
ˡʲôһת¬װ˵ֹ᲻ȥμӽ֮
ʵ¬װһĪ飬Һֹȥô˻ʲôҲᣬȥҲ˷ʱ䡣
ҲǡԵͷ˵
Ȼʵûǲ֪Ϊʲô˵ͻȻ;úܲˬ¬װ˵ֱĸо
տҿ㣬ʵ
ˬˡ¬װ˵Ǻܲˬ¬װأȥȥμӡ
ңָָԼȻ˵Ȼȥһ޲޵ôһҪѡˣǵʱΪѰ
¬װ
ɪ
¬װɪʱһѾ˭룿ǿ˿һֻͨһԵĳɼ𣿻һ׼ʫʫˮƽ
ιιʲôǵҺòˬ˵
¬װɪջĿ⣬װ¿ţͼɻء
ա
ˣ
ֻ˵˵𣿲Ǹװ
硣
Ժ
ʲôһ𾪵Ŀǰɽ˵ʲôȥμӽ֮
𣡡
лҪ˵գŵĽ֮ҽʲô飿
ɽʦ㱨ˡ
գ

գҲҪŵĽͳһɣ


76 
ɽ⸱ʧ̬ģ, ɵЦһ, ˵𣿡
ԣջһ˵أ
ð֮˵ҿԲμ𣿡
ΪβУɽʵ
ҷŵӡ˵
Ժһձһҵӣҵӱ㲻ˡɽ˵ŲЩ
ĻƺҪ˵Щʲôȴձ첻ԡ
Ҳ롣ɽ˵ȻȡһŽ, ʦš
սӹŴ, Ѹٵһ顣ԭˣǺӵ֮ջȻ, ׷ʲôԭһʼǺǰ¹ԺΪ֮, Ǻӻ˵ɽɸջȡǰȥμŽ֮Ĳǰǰ¹Ժ֮ǰµĴĥԣҲȷԭУǸҪΪŽ֮׼, Ҳǡ򵥵ϵ˼, ѧϰġ
ա
оеأ
ɽϰ, ҲֻΪĹγɼ̧Ŀ⿴ǰɽ, ϱһѾˣ֮ǰɽķһµգνǾҵˡ
ǲһ, ɽ̧һۣЦһҵĿģʵο
ա
ȫûܵο
պúÿɽǿ⼸µŬɹ
һô˵֪Ϊոˣð֮ǿЦŬ
ܾڵһؾͻᱻˢأ뵽һʱĵһؾͱˢˣǺܶˣ֪֪͸Ŭˣʦ𣬲˵ڲ˵˰
²Ż´ǧһ춪˶ϼңҪϼҵʦʦǳЦ龰;úϢ
ɽϳüչɫЦģܺá
ԣ̧Ŀ⿴üһ㵭꣬Ҳƺڡ
ɽºͰĿϸ㣬ֻҪһóʵӡ
ҪԷƱҽ̳ѧκ˲ɽ˵ȻЦһ㲻ԼҲҰ
Һƭ㣿ɽ˵
յͿɶˡ
㣬һǰʳζ¥ޱĿ˵
ɽĿ˵ʱ˵Ļܵ棿
ա
òҪ޳ܣ
˵ķֻһ
ɽôһ˵յȷôˣԼмţɽ˵ûİɡ

ҲҪμӽ֮¬װֹҲҪȥμӽ֮ʱȣ¬װֱĵһʤ˸Ǻã
ѵҪһ޵Ľ𣿡¬װ˵
Զʱ죬û뵽Ȼô˵ʱ¶ж뿪˵ԭôҡ
¬װһ˵˵űЦˣǲܵģҲ֪ܣûǸܵġ
ա
á롢ˣ
ʱ߶ǰЦ¬װ
ܵɱ¬װ죬вڨڨ˵ֻǿЦѣҶ̫ˣգ
յĿ£ԽԽСҴˣɿĿڡ
ֹԼĶ˵һ䣬͡
ţһġտ˵Ȼתǰȥˡ
֮޲ΪֻҪ߽Կɲμӣн಻һȡ˲ŵ
ڱǰվɪ󣬡ʦ㡣
ˡɪ䴽Ц
ԣü˵ʦƺһ㶼⣿
ţµˡɪϵ
ʲôʱµģʵ
һʼʱֻǾ֣ɽѧҵδ̫ˣҲδǴ룬ֱһǰɽԽһµұ²ˡɪЦʱɣͶ²˼֣ˡ
̾ʦ㵱һģϸ񻹵Ӵ
һ´ˡ˵
ţɪĿ⿴ɻ
ɽΪҪμӽ֮ϤĽ̵ѧҵ˵ȻһʼҲɪ룬ǺǷţԣǺӶɽ۵Գ̵ֽһ±ʾ⡣
ԭǺӵĴǰնɽ̵ԺϴÿΣѧ١ֱȥɽĲϰ࣬һһǺ֪󶼾ˣŴҶпʦ˴˵ĪԶԳ֣ʦø㲻ܶ½֮λ
Ҷ
ð֮󣬴Ҷ˵ʦ̫ˡ
룬ʦʦõԽԽûˡ
ɪյĻȣΪΣʦɽ붯˭
ԣɫ֮󻺻˵˼һޣ˼ȥֻһܡ
ôɪʵ
Ϊ̫ˣɽҵ򶯣Գֽҡһ˵
ɪԶʱĿԿð˵ʦѵ㡣
ȻأշʵΪԭ򣬻ʲô
ɪɫֹԥʲôҲû˵ֻǾǰɡ
պɪһŶӵȺʱǰһŰ۵ӱ˳ھպɪԵʱס˽ŲĿ⿴ɪʦá
ɪͣס˺յĻ̸̌ĿĿϵЦҲʧɫ䵭ʦ֡
տλ꣬ⲻʦСƾǸ
㲻ġʦֿɪҡͷ̾˵
Ļɪɫɫ䣬Ҹò⣬Ǹʦ˵㡣
Ըʦֿһۣ̾˵һĴʦ˻ǰؼĺãʵʵֻʹࡣ
˵գɪķӦ̧Ųǰ뿪ˡ
ն뿪Ӱ˵ʦ㣬װԴĴɽҪġ
ԣԭɫüĿɪһЦˣǣ˵ûǺǷ򡣡
߼ҵ˶⸱أ˵Ϊǣ߸ϣһС
պɪʱ󣬽֮ĵһֱʼˡ
ڱʼ֮ǰɪ˵͡
ʦҲǣⳡֻ֮һʤĻϣʦ㡣Ŀ⿴ǰɪ˵ʦ㣬ЩΪǡ˶۰ɡ
㣡˶㣬ʦҪңԶ㡣˵
ɪĿⶢһġ
˵գתŸȥվԵλϡ
֮ʼ
һ֣֡
նڹǰ˫ָϣü˼ңһһƿն
ɽλԺԺԺԺĿ⿴·ٵգ˵ˣսɱȻ
ѵսսʱһͽ
ս͸ң
һϮ°׳׹ɽŶЩ뵱꣬绢
лҪ˵ǰ
գһҶ˽Ǻã

գһҵһؾͱ̭ô죡
˼ʵ

½
뵱꣬绢


77 
˭
굶, Ե
˸


Χڰ¹Ժǰۿ˴ν֮ʿ, Ŀ⿴ǰٵգ׷׳
֪ıͬ˽͵, λɽɵ, ˡǰ¹Ժѧ, пꡣ
ԣ˵, ɽɵܲŽλ᣿
Ϊβܣ¹Ժĵʱʵ, ȡͲʳ, ߵ߾֮
ײ֮ˣν, ҪЦ󷽣ɵ
Ҳֻ˵, 黭вһֻϰ˰⺺ǰ¹Ժҡͷ˵
˱˵ƿԣֻñ첻
ͬ״ο, Ҿ÷λ˵ȿ᲻һֻѧ˰Ƥë⺺Ҳعڶ, ó, ˵һر㱻̭أ
ô˵˴˾, ˵, ֻǸտʼ, ҿɡ
һص֮˳һأ
նڳǰ, üĿɫרĵĥɫʣóɫʸ֪ڻ츳Ȼǵ¬װֹλҵָ㣬ĻԳһɣĶӡǡ
һӵʱĥϣȻִ𻭱ʣīʹճǳϸʱ⾳
һʱ
ɡ
չǰһﾰɽɫͼӽƣߺһɽ֮ȴɫ
ãһɫɽ⣬ݰ٣·Ȼ֮ϣļֻأ¹ԺԺԺ⸱ﾰɽɫͼİ޵þɵɫŨתŷ֮ɫÿƼ£
⸱ﾰɽɫͼһȴνΪһ˼ɣɫǰһ˻ڳĳЩһʿȴŵĽ֮΢ʵʿǣҲ˵ֻóĬ
㲻˵һǽңؾͻᱻֵ̭𣿡̲סͬ˵ôرֱϹػۣ
ʵ˵ͬĵȴֻðοŵڶػأҿһأһʫҴˣ˵λ˼Ϊóʫ
пܻһϣ̭֡ĵ˵
ϣɣ̾˿
Ա߲Զ
ι˵λͬʿͱͱ԰¹ԺԺһѧ˵λ˵ʫĲã
ǰ¹ԺĵԶʱЦһֹǲá
ʿ
ǾǺܲˡ
ܻһֳ֣ʵ
һ¹Ժ˵
λʿʱ¶˲ɻɫ
Եİ¹Ժȴδش⣬ǸһĪЦݣһ֪ˡ
ֱȵʫ
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λ¹ԺӶĿɿڴƿԵͬ˵ʦȷʫĺãдúܺãһֽ£ɽҲǳмӡ
գҵȷʫһдİ
λһʼ͵ʿܹϽ̭ʿҲˣŤͷԵͬ㲻˵ʫĺõ𣿡
ûʫͬҲɵˣȻ
ǰûʫѡʫд£ȻѡóİʫǲܵģҲܵġ
λʿһѪҪˣ΢ʺͳɼĵһ޾ͲҪŵĴˣһʼܸϽֱ̭ӵһһֱڵأҲû֣ۣһ·߸ͽҲòλɽɵ˸вѧԶвѧԶҲŵ˰ŵġһޣ
ģֻǵֶѣأͬ鰲οţ顣
Ȼľ֣ңң˳ء
֣䣬Ҳӱء
㲻˵ܿͻᱻ̭𣿡λʿѾ˵
ϣģͬҲ˵Ǻܿһ˵˵ǳǳ֮ɽȥˣ϶ͨģ
𣿡ʿʱ˵
ģͬĵ˵ĺܲ϶ᱻ̭ġ


78 
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ʤ, ֻҪ̫ѿ, ͷҪɽ΢Ц, ܾһҪ˵ôΣ, ˾úѹ
һ㶼پϰĵˣƴˣ
̧ͷ, Ŀ⳯ǰԶȥֻԺһԺԺ˵еһϮ°׳۵ɽһ, ס˺̸, ̧Ŀ⿴¶һ΢΢Цݣһ˹
أ֪ΪΣյ´󶨡
֮ʼ
Ԥϣ֮ںڰ϶, еĲߵϿոһ޴ĺڰ̣˶֮, һתơ
˻عǽԶڸ߸ߵϣ·վٹ٣, ĴҹǺã
ıҲ
֮ı֮
ӣԾݴΪ̣Ϊӣһ֮

նϣһʱŵµĳִݣ˳µ
ֵϹʱһδѵʷʱڣΪ¡Сһڹǿĳ㲢׳
ãܺãĵһּԵϷ档
´󳼷ΪɣսĹ͡ĹǰȥһǿԹȣÿϹԹĿ󳡽ʳƥԹԮΪ⹮ϵȢԹӽ֮á
ա
һ㶼ȢʲôԹӵյİȥԭūˡ
ٹ١
մ˻һ͵Ĺٻս佫±ˣ侲Ĺ٣ĪǱٳµĳƷˣ
Ȼսǲū˴ս±Ƶ佫ǣԱ˳û¸ɲȥЩײҰδūˡ
϶˵侲˵ųȥҪʴū˭ʱ򹥴µһ±ܣū˿ɵԭأʱȼսͿ̿˱ųţ


ٹ٣Ȼˣ
¹Ժǰ
͡ɽɧ̿ЦˣĳҲķ緶
ԺԺԺͽϰǽĿɿڴԣλɽ˵桭
µʿҲˡ
ð֮Ǹһֱճֱ̭ʿŤͷԵ֣ͬ˵˵ûȻã
ͬһʱڣձٹٶΪ׼ūʱλԺҪôԹͳ֮䣬˵⣬ڻսһʤʤǿսۣΨһˡŴеǰĳܲתͷȥǰ˸Ӵһȥˮˮū
ūmmp
㻹˵汻յһиסˣһʱ侹Ҳİ
˵ǲʧķˣתͷĸ󳼵ûȥͱʲôѣūǺǵ𣿡
ð֮૵ôв£ǹ¹Ҫһ
ĸƿԡ
տһ֡Ҫһһɹ˳ǲһʱݴеڶūսǻܹӮū£ʱֱū֮ıˡ
û˸ҵҡ
ճɹūӲͷ˴սԼսūصõţսʱõĵһͰ𣬴Ӵսʱһӵġ
ҪսޣҪս¸ʲôǱȷǮ
ڱĲѡŬ⽨Զڱ䷨ĸǿʱսݣսԭƽȹɵսǰΪҪԼսͷӣսʱ
¹Ժǰ
ԺĸԺԺϰԼµʿԶչĿɿڴ𾪲ѣҲ̫̫ˣ
һڿҿҵİŽĽ̿̽սϷİ¹ԺѡУսսʱսݱĽޣֱһʯ
ⲻͦõ𣿡ɽЦһָ΢΢Ħ£˵ܿľܹ·ˡ
·սʱսݱ׬ȡǽͭʳܿľ׳ǿܹתͷЩΪս˹ĸ
ӽ˵ĲδдǺܺáɽ˵Ȼ̾˿ϵĺá
ˣԺԺԺͽϰԶĬ
֮ԺԺתͷĿ⿴Ǵ˵˵̵ģɽѵûʲôҪ˵𣿡
ɽ
ƽһαʵɽɵؿЦû뵽Ȼ˱һ죬˻þþʲôп
޻˵˸еȽ˷ǽǲͬѱΪͬһˣǷ䳤ʺǵĵ˵ĵˣģȻɽ˵˴ͬ췽Ϊ֮
ԳĬ
֮ԺԺ̾˵˵ö࣬ǿ˸вͬǿ֮ͬʵڹڸҷ֮ϲȸ˿УвǷǣ̫ѣ̫ѣ
ӹͻΪԺԺ
˲ʮ㽫սƽ̲˴һͳֶ̫˲һЩᱬʱĸ
ڱףԭ߸ʮδѵʱڣͳһڵϢսƻҲ𽥵ķٴβʢ
˴һͳ̣֮߸֮ϣעսĺ˴һͳʮ֮ͳһٴδﵽ˷ʢĶˣǰʢʱ򣬷ٳʮ꣬ղλ֮ԭȱǿȨѹȥǸң֮ʮڣʮٴһͳȴһСƵΪ֮·
ЩΣ
ɽϤնϣ룬Ȼ˵˰˸֣顣
ԣɽЦһʵɺڣ
ڣܹģҺ⡣˵
áɽ𣬡һ֮ƽ֮ңһͳ֮棬£ǧںˡ
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ǵһģʱŬĴأ
ԺԺкչС˵ѾȢĹŬϾܹ뼯Ӷ˺üˡ
ա
ʦҲѾȢԹΪ򣬲תͷͰԹˣԹΪɱʦ㣬ʦˣԺԺ˵̾˿һʮϧӡ
ա
ԺԺգʵôȢЩĹΪһŮˣҲǰ츲𡣡
˵ʮϰģһĹˣҲһЩԺԺ
ԣ΢Ц˵ˡ
ޡٴǿȢʲô̫˺𣡾ֻٵϷҲûܡ
ҵļֺ͵ߣǣκθ⣬Ū⵽Ӧģᶨ˵
ȻҲһĴΪ˱ⱻȥԹȢԹΪŵö˵תͷȥūūǿӲͷˡ
ԺԺԶʱ̾˿㰡
Ҳá¶Цݣָ˸룬֣Ϊҡ־ᶨ
תͷԱɽ˸ͽܡ
ɽתͷգЦɲǡ
գе졣
̫㡣
ղûЇNɪãתͷ˲ע⣬ɽ˳Ķ䣬ҽģȫˣ
㶼ЩʲôУɽһ۵֪лƫҪУΪζɺã
ۣҶ䣡չ۵ɽ㣬Ҿͦð
ЦһҶҸ𣿡
Ҳһ£һ
ɽû˵ֻĿⶢ
ձĿ⿴ͷ£תͷܿ
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֮󣬡ҵͷûŪҵͷɽŮӵͷİ
һʱ
ĲѡҲ½½֮˷˴ʧܵĽ֣Ҳе˻˳õʱͳһϸļ̳ߣͳһϰ꣬ǰ򵥴ֱͳһΪ̫Ӷ󰵲ѸٵĸΪ˼¡
֮ĲѡǿԹۿ˵ƾ̵ֹģ˶Լͬѡۿյƾ־˭Ǹƾֳģ֮˶Ĭˡ
ð֮
ɪŸп˵ʦ㻹ǲʺΪȨأЩı㲻ġ
͸ִսɱƶ˲ȾĽɣ˼С
лҪ˵յƾ־֮
ˣ̫ɧˣɧǽɧ
ʦ֣ΪʲôȢӣ
ɪȻɣ
ɽ׽һˣȫˡ
գȢǲȢģڵģԸȥս


79 
߾, ֮
ʥ˳Ļ񣬶Ҿ񡣡ɽʥ˵Ļչǰڲ˵
̧Ŀ˻еĳʥһ, ſ곤, Ц, ǡ
˰, 볯ųʥ˵ĻҾ
һϣʱһת
ֻ˶·ĳռһ, ǰһѣκڰһʱȴʱռ䡣
֪ȥ˶, ʱ
ԼһƵ, ǼŨѪζ۾Ĵȥȴһֻǰ𿴡Ų֪ʱԵ˵
Ȼͱ
˱뿪Ժ͸Ұɣ㸸׽и, պҵŮ
࣬Ǹķĵˡ
, ¶ʱһʥˣ
ǳ˳ʥ˵Ů

εĿֱּҪ֮ǰ֮һּ˾㤣ֻ˵ŵʿ档
εǱħŵĹŮ, ġסһ֮ǳرħΧ֮ѾֲȥˣסĳȥѳԮǵȳϵʱħƳǶ룬һڣֻСŮ
ȻպɻΪȫǵ˶ˣĪǾ
Զȥ뿪ѾΪǵ֮ǵĳʥˣָյǰһһöɫ壬Ϣħ޷ɡ
һȻܽ͵ͨġ
ʥ½öŻ½˵úôǸɶõı
Щʥ˰ο룬Ժúûȥ
ʱղ֪ʥ˵仰Ȼȴжѵá
֮ձһֱųʥˣ㼣ʼ磬ԶĲпҲ˽⡣
ͬں޽ħһ磬ħǿΪսɱΪħϮֻþ۾ӽԴ˵ħ֡߸ϲ˼С֮࣬մȾ쳾̻
ħԲһǳأὫһ֮ȫɱɱȡ֣ԭȵǳر˱ġʵƫֻܾ۾ӽǵħ룬岻ž޵ǿʿЩǿʿһ˿ɵǧƾһ˱ɵסħ
ʥǿ֮һ֮ǰǳأġסڳΣ֮ʱдŸʥˣĸϣܼʱϵΧ֮Σ׻һ
ոųʥ˵ڣóʥ˷·ԶԱҪȥȻ𣬾ԮЩħΧĳǳءзʱиϲ֮ʱճĳǳرһ㡣
ÿʱ򣬳ʥ˱᳹ҹȾƣŨľűˡ
һγʥ࣬Ĳʡµʱ򣬲ô߹ȥſϵĳʥˣһ£ûѣһ£ûѣʹơ
òףڰˡ
ʥƿƤʵĿɳ˵Сհ£
Ҷˡտһž˵СӲԷģѾһûԷˡ
ǰ磬ĺŮͯȥˣڳʥҲδҪԺȵķˡʥӹòڣǸĴˣȻСˣ鲻СҲþʲô鷳ʥˣһ㶼Ը㣬ԼԼŪԵĺڶˣҲ
γʥæŸ·ԮǳأǵĿǰͳˣʥ˱ٹȲóԺνɿգչ֮ǰʣµһЩˮȳŹǰգʵûɳˡܲȥвƤɣҲ̫ˡ
ѽƽĳʥˣҪԵġ
ʥԶĿۣʵ޲ң
ޡƽ˵Ҳһԩ޳ˣѾܹģֻЩʱѣǿ󲻵á
ʥԴ󶪳һƿٹȵգ˵˳һ
лһһÿһ㶼ռʥ˱ˣ˵ʥиУᵽӦʱ룬ʥ˵ʥǲ֪أ
ӹٹȵձȡһڿȥоθ˵㡣
¹ԺǰŵӿˮУΪʳһűٹȵС¶ɫССһֻգɵң̫ˣ
ˣ䵽˾أʳգ̫ˣҼֱ̿ȥ
ʥ治Ӱҳ˸꣬һȦͷҲûû˶ǿû뵽
ôССһֻ˲ŵӸԼ̫ʹˣȥˣ
С˵һ䣬еɰ


һ󣬳ʥƺʶԼ߸ŵŮ޲ĶҪԺȵһС׹ҵѪ֮ʼĵĴȥһ͸Сסˡ
գҪ֪֮ǰʥһֱ޽磬ԮħΧ֮ǡ
̶ʶʥ˾Ǹģݵ֣ģȻҲһԼżˣҲˡ
ʥˣȥԮħΧĳǳ𣿡
ʥЦЦ˵ʱҳ֣ء
ǰͷŮͯ˵һ㡣
ա
ܾúֵֹģʥ˵ľٶñ첻żҵĹͻȻһ¹ؼ˵Ҫųˣ˻ɵĺܣҪǲܣնҪǲǱ˾ˡ
¹Ժǰ۵ʿǿˮɫֵգȥ˵Ϊʥ˰Դǰ쳤ʥдŸѽʥ½տ߶߶˵ľһ˸ŮޣɹԼչԼǰЩӶ˲ҪԵģϧȻһƿٹȵ
ӵŵĽʥ½տ
ŮûɼȷǺܶ»չԼ
ΪԼĺѽһոŮɳ½տǿӲıͷһȥŮ¸顣
˳ʥСݵͣһ¡
С
Сӣպͳʥ˾ͬһͨĸŮһͨӡ
ֻǱ˼ҶǸչŮȴǷģŮչ˲Ƽĸס
ѣھӼҵʮСá
˵ǽѣʵһ곤ݵչλСãʥȴǰȥѣյ̫죬ΪЩԵʡҲͬ˶ʹָһЩͯ潿
ͬǿ۵İ¹Ժǣܵģʥİɣǲ졢桢ġ
СǰȥժҰˡնԳʥ˵
̱̫ɹչ⣬һƵĳʥ˵ȥɣ
Ȼձ͸ڵСһͬǰȥժҰˡ
ҰժһʱǱͻȻħϮˡ


80 
ħǰϮʱ, һץסµСܣеȻקСͳǰܡ
ڵѾǵǸһնħˣѾǸ, ڿտպֶ̽ŵѹǸϮǵħĶ, ֻˡ
ܣСҲܲ׷ħϮǵħӼΪ, Űһ˶ǲ׷ǣͷ·ϷŪһ㣬ǵĿ־ܡ
ȥ, קСֲͣŴŴĿͨͨҵ, ȥ׷ֻ飬Ŀ⿴һɫҰ׻ȴҧŴһԸܵС, һ¶, һѳ˲ϴŵ, Сѹ˵Ȼֿ, Ҹط£غħҲ㡣
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Ȼһתһ෴ķȥ
Сֽб, ҧŴĵ׵Ŀ־彫ûµĶͣ˵ˣĳǰȥһҲ
׷ħŷֿܵͣ˽Ų¶յı飬ƻС׷ĸأ
ǰպתͷħ¶һƵı飬Ц˵ɵƣб׷Ұ
ħ
⻹һο˸¸ҵĺӡħ¶ζı飬󷢳һӵЦúҪܵǾȳɣ
㣬ȥħؾ˷ñȷŸٶȳ׷ȥ
һʼĲŪǵٶȲͬεħģĴȳȥ׷һ
¹Ժǰһ󰲾
˶ϢĿǰˮǺᷢʲôܷѡ
ᣬıħ˰ɡ˵૳ս彻СȻֿܶħʱ򣬰¹ԺǰʿĬˡ
̲סʣǻǣǻͷԥĽĻøһˣһһˡ
ͣŵգǱħ׷ˣһѽ˵ڵأ÷צץյ۰׵¼ɲѪۣܵĻͦ찡ħһƽհѹڵأ¶˶ЦݣҾϲôϸƤС۵ĺܣ
ձѹס׸޻֮
ϵȴδ˿Ŀ־ηǣ۾ˣķ·ҹǣâҫ۾ˡħͷҧȥʱһѳĶ̵ذףħһֻӺݺȥ

޷۾ħʱһҽУһݣԥİγ˶̵۵һȳѪһհγ˶̵֮û˿ͣ͵ĳħһֻ۾ȥ㲡Ҫħʧأ˵ܶ֡
յĵڶˣħץסճһֻ۾Ϯȥ֣кݺһһĹѵֱֻĴ£ֱӲ۶ˡ
ϴļʹյɫ˲Ұףͷð˶亹۵Ļ¡ȴҧһԣκ˿ʹ
¹ԺǰһԣĿˮһĻס˺ˮɫҰʹգһ˲·ͬܡ
ôĵӣѣȻҷҵ۾ħŭɶһֻۣҾʹϹһֻۣ
˵գħ˷צӣҪյ۾ץȥ
ɫη壬ֱֱû˿ĶܣħһЦݱˡ
ħŭ飬צ¡
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ǧһ֮ʣһɫ֡
ǵͬɫǰŷĿҫۣͬ˲ŵ̻һ㡣
ĿץħĲƤһ䣬ħԴ˲ڵأͬһһ㹾ڵϹ˼£ʱһȳʺѪֽ
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һϮĳʥ˻æϵϴµĺɫĿɨһ۵Դʬϵħ֮ƿĿ⣬ǰɫһԵĴڵϻѪա
ʥʼƵ侲ԳֵһۺǰȥĶͷһȦСŮûˣձ£ˡ
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ڸɾ׵ϣⲻѪ˺۱ԵøĴĿʥ˿ϵǼɲѪۣüͷĸˣϲԾɢȻɱͱɱմɱɱɵػ˲
յʥһƣָ⣬ϵѪ˰̴ƶ޸ϵ˿óѪֹͣȴǳǳİ̺ۡ
ʥĿⶢ⼸ǳɫ̺ۣüͷ壬ȻɿЦЦ˵ջƯ
˵գĿǲɨֻ۶ϵµһ⣬֮ڵۣǵˡ
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һֱĬɳҵĵˡ
ʥĿָ⳯ǸȥһźĶ̵ڲݵϣҪǰѵ𣿡
ҵġ˵
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ա
ҶһˣҲû㷢֡
ڸ˵Сӱ浶
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ʥ˲֪ǿǿ˵ģһǰʥھԮһħΧĳǳʱ˶ʦұСװұкƭѶ̵ذףžΪԷһ
ʱֻƭұʦʱȤ棬ǸһȵССֻСú֮ȫˡ
¹Ժˣ²ѧ
û뵽̵óǴó˿ǿһǶʦƷĶ̵˿ɼһߡ
Ȼ̵ֻһΣͱʥûˡ
ң̫ˣ¹Ժǰ˲ɵظпһֵδ̫ˣħ׷ܣݣ֣òŪķ̵Ҳûˣ׷˵һģϧЦò
ιιι˵˸һЦòŲ˳֮㰡ʥ˿Ѷ̵˰
˺òײŴұʦƭĶ̵һζѣ컹˰
¹Ժ˵źȻǴ̫þĳʥġ
ҲֻĿԼò׵Ļ̵ʥ˸ûˣáŶ
ȥ֮ձ˵ӣֱʥ¸ӺùǣΪֹҶͷᣬľ̶
ڵСЩҲһֱСĸһˡСﲢûյĻҸȫĵطܻҵ˳ʥˣ˺泤ʥ˵ľȳ
Сÿűʥ˱գ¾ͳȥųʥ˵Ĵȿˡ
ա
ʥˡ
˿ǰųʥ˵Ĵȿ޵ϡﻩŮͯĬˡ
ð֮ղų֮γĬĳʥˣҲС뱧ҿޡ
Ϊ̫ˣֻܴջűˡһѪϬ˵
СáС޵ĸˡ
ܵϴʪĳʥˣĵضԻŮ˵˾䣬˵䡣
¹ԺǰЦĸˣſգ·һ㡣
棬ôСú졣
һСֹûܿЦϢ
û£̫̫ˣС˵ȻһѽȥУ´βһˡ
աŶһȻ˵´˵
Сã
ҭһ£Ȼ޵ĸˣǱ
С鷳տſ޸ͣСãΪ˵
ĳʥȴ۵һЦˣԼǸСС鷳ˡ
˵գʥ̾˿Ҳ֪鷳
ҲҾͲ鷳
ʥΪӾԶ˶ѣûʲô
յԸԼչԼ²賤ʥ˲ģųʥ˵ȴһ۶δԹʥ˾;Ҳȷ߶˶ѣӰʲô
ĳʥˣ˵һٺʥ˱֪Ƕôѵһ飬ˡˡˡˡˣССһֻǶôĽֶôĴĵط˺ϵһ
ͬһ
ڳʥǺ²£ǰ̽ҪҪĶ̵ذ׵գ΢΢һЦ˵⵶ʺ㣬֡
Ҿͦʺϵġձֱеһ£Ȼ˵
̵̫̫˼ʥ˿ʵҪҪѧ
ա
գϲ̫죬׼
⻹Ҫʲô׼
պԥ˵Ҫ
ʥɵ΢΢Цˡ


81 
Ȼʥ˵Ҫս, Ϊֻţֺ֮ǰ϶ǲģԳʥ˱Ƚķ, 
ڳʥ˵ָ, ʼˡһΡһξͳɹʥ˿޵պô, һѧͻᣬһͨ
ա
е㺹ա
ֱֲ˵ǰͻֻúƤĿ, µǲһеĴͳϰߣɽǳʥ˶ر𰮿˻ܻˡ
ղ֪, һĿɲֻǻˡ
ΪֶţոչǸŮʳ, Щȫͳͳ˳ʥϡ
ɳʥ˸ĵһ, ͷöһʵڲôƲҵķʳ
տһںķ, Ĭˡ
ʥϵɫҲмΣȻһɫ˵Ҫһ, òȡˡ
Ҳª֮Ҳһġʥĳ˵
̧ͷĿ⿴һۣ˵֣ܡ
Ҳͳ, պԼǸտء
ʥˡ
ⷬһӦǳǼǳǳ˺ۿȥȻӦ취ȥϵ˺ۣ⺢ôòվӵʱöѹ
˵ջǺܸӵӼһڷֲʳĵķ˳һ, Ȼ˶Ӳˣϱ˲ľȻſգʧȥ[jpg]
¹Ժǰ
쿴˱飬궼ûˣ
޿·ܵش̫̫ˣ
ʥǷˣǶҩ
һȺŵʿĳЦ
ɽˮǰһʧȥգ̲סһЦˣȻԵ̧ڴסЦ⡣
ôѳ𣿡ʥ˿˲佩Ӳɫı飬ܴϸʳġ
аҲһڷŵȻ۵һˣˡ
һеĿӷ£ȻգȥڴҲٷԡ
ߵգĿ⿴һۣʥ˾Ҳɳ䷹ԵΪ
ٺʥ˱ϵһǴɨϴմӼнų
ֱİ¹Ժǰ˺ֶϵֵðֻԺϴɨء
룬˵ͻݣϵսɱ˵Уսϴ˼ǿͻݵ˺δѰ
⣬еĶ
ֻһ޴ֱУڲ뵽æǵõȵֶ˲֪롰ӵ㹤ǰһŮͯչ˴зϸףĶʹ
Ⱥ̰ȱ۵ֱûˣպԥͼʿ
ٺյֺˣʼųʥѧ
ʥ˵ĽǾ̹֮ʴȱĽɱʱ͸һɱ
޷Ľʴ뱯õ̬ǶԷǳʥˣҪα
ȳɱֺʴȱ
հνʱӲԥɱ۾գһ¡
һ󽣷֮󣬳ʥҲʶ⣬Ƶ⺢Ͳôɱ֮أ
кβãշʵ֮ңĴ֮ԻȥĺӲ˷ɱһ·
տħŰɱȡֵ޵磬Ӳ˱ĻĸãħҪʴҲһʴȺպȴԼͬ
ʥĻü䵭ȻɫʲôҲû˵
պ
꽣תݣһϮĳʥ˶ڣһµɫԲУϵ૵𣿡
״գգ۾ĿĿųʥŵǸֱлһ㶼ƯɫԲУе
ʥ϶ʱһɫȻֽæҵĽϵľԲвУת˳ǿ¶Цݣ˵ôˣ
˵֮ʱʶԼ⻰ԣֵ˼ˡ
Ҳԡ
ʥϵɫˣð֮Ȼ˵㶼ˣ
šɫƽ˵ָǸҵȷˡ

ð֮󣬳ʥ˲ŽеľԲȡװµ˵Ȼ㿴ˣǵҲͲ㣬ϲġ
ǵĺƵϾѩ˪һ˺ۡʥ˵ģҸҪһУȥԡ
ĿⶢãȻ󻺻˵òΪϵİ̺𣿡
Сﲻ𣿡ʥɫмβȻ˵ҲǸƯСа̫ϧˡ
ûϵǿհο˵ҪֻһʱģǿȴԶġ
ʥˡ
ǺܶС
ʥ˳˼仰ĵѵСڰʾҪഺղϵפյ
յʱ򣬲˵ҪפյҲǲɣֻ㻹СúΪȥԿղ˥Ԫ޾
ա
ֱûˣ
ҷ˼
ۣ
ɡնǰʥ˵
ţʥ̧ʵ
Ͼѩ˪ǲǸҵ𣿡
ʥŽɫԲеݸ˵ԣЧΡ
ҩʥƵϾ˪ЧȻû˵
û뵽ֻ׹ǵҩɵҩʥƸСŮ˺۵Ͼ˪һ죬⵽ԵŤʥıȣ
ҩʥƵϾѩ˪ҪӵУŮǵĽνǳҪġ
ղ֪СɵϾѩ˪ǳҩʥ֣֮ųȥŮͷʥ˪ֻǳʥ˹ڻϵ˺ۣΪȡ֮Լϵ˺أϾֲӰʲô
Ȼһ⣬úϧ
ѵڿÿμǵòϾ˪ûϵ˺ӡǵˡ
ϵ˺ȫʧչ⻬Ͼ񣬳ʥ˿һ۲˵Сôأ
ƿԣʲôʸ˵տأԸҲǣ

ųʥϰʽ̤˵;
ԭϢʧȥЧãϢйǲŻᱻħϮʥ˶˵һ޲˴󷨣Ϊ˲ע⣬Сƽͣ޲֮Ǳ뿪
ʥպգ廹ħ綼д޽綢ħڵĵطػע鷳ҲӲһطôԵʡ
˴СѾһʱ䡣
ձһ߸ųʥһߵϵ޲ãڵСùųʥϰ¶˿ɫ
Ϥɫ̫̫ϤˣǶĿ׷ǿĿĽ
ʱҲͬС
һ꽣֮վֱߵǰżǰ˫ֳ°ͿСǰʵѧ𣿡
Сһ֮С˵𣿡
ҵͬĻͿԡ˵
СеĿһ˲䰵ȥʹͷҧҧ
ס֣˵ȥҵһ㡣
ǣСõȥ
СɫǣȥԺﲻɵգץֶ˵ܣ
ܣ
ܣ
Сһ˲ĳּᶨסյ֣ץ֡
תͷСö¶ЦݣСУ´һ𡣡
Ȼ˵ʲôǣţáմӦ
Сյͬǰȥ˳ʥˣųʥ˵ѧ
ʥĿ⿴ʵΪѧ
ΪҪҪˣСúԥ˵
ʥĿⶢãȻ¶Цݣúӣס˵Ļۺʱס
֮
СþͼյСУѧԶӣûأСǸţ츳ҲǿĿ£ٶ˿ա
ǸС
ձСõ츳ˣ⡢Ǹ䣿ͨڼСýǧѵһţ
ˣ֮
ҪôٲڵģҪôǡ
СãĪǣĪǡɽɵ߽֮һ⽣ݣ
¹ԺǰϳСã
һµʱ䣬ʥ˽Сϵ޲ˡ
Ǳ뿪һʱȥСõ𡣡ʥ˶˵
ԺԥתȥСˡ
ʹٲᣬֱӻҪֱ
εķֱΪ´εؾۡնС˵ĻԺҰ㳤ˡ
ȡڲϵСõϣ˵´μңٻҰɡ
Сһֲᣬһ߽е壬Ȧصͷ˵ţ
ոųʥ뿪ס֮õС뿪֮ǰʥ˽ͽСãһһֵ齣
ħŰĲпԶ磬޴
ֻҪսһգʥ˱ᱼǰո߷룬Ĵܡ
¹Ժǰ
աʥͬСõ˳Ĭ
֮󣬲˳С⽣ݵĻǡ
ǣСͻᱻħɱ⽣һڣ
˶ʱĬ˵ɫء
ǿˮԼպСãոӳˡ
պͳʥ뿪СһһǺһھݴϣĴԮЩħŰΧĳǳأ顣
һ󣬳ʥ˴ż˿е֪ͣСǰѰħɱһڡ


82 
ʥ˵ĻĬãճ̾һ, ħŰ, ºδǾ
Ĭ
˽, ĬȾơ
һȥɫȥ

ϷɫСȹӱŽմ˽֮ŷп, վڳʥԶǰĵ˹ɵĽе, á
˿¶ȰЦݣͳǵݸ˵ԡ
Ů, ɰɡʥ˶ǰҫ˵
Ƴһۣһ˹ʺ˲Ÿôɵĺ, ҪǸµŲˣƲϳʥ⸱ҫӣںǰûԼ̨, ӡ
ȥ׼¾Ʋ, Һ㲮СüʥԴ, ˵
ƳһԱ߰żվ̳ջĿװʲôҲδһ㣬¶õЦ, Ӧã
˵ŵŵŵܿˡ
յǰἰʥ˶ǰ˵иڸ򡣡
ԳĬð֮, á
ûգʥ˱˷ֿת뿪ֵ
ħŰ޳磬ÿ˶ԵսɢԲ¡
޳УʼոڳʥԣշתÿһҪԮĳǳءһֱųʥУˮƽٽһǧ
ȥ
ѳɳΪŮ޳ϸޣǸɵСˡ
ʱʥ˿̾˺ÿҲ֪ļҶɡ
ĻƤɵس鶯˼£ĵδҲ̫ˣĵŮǵߵϸװ
̫ˣйȥ̸˵ɱħ˵
ʥԸ̾ˣôɱ֮ء
ƵáպεĽƸ磬綼ˣ屻ƵĶҪȥˡ
㰡ʥ˼һ˵ֻ¸Ρ
ǰձѾֽȥɱħˣôĺӾѱսˡ
ʥ˱֧ΧħСӶӳѰͷһʹôģսȱˣҲôĺȥƴ
ʥ˱ƿԣ޷ֻܿЦԼȥġ
ҪСӶӳʥ˶֪ôϢұȥսˡ
СӶӳ˵Լȥģ㲻֪飿
ʥ˿ЦͷӦ
СӶӳתͷվһ²ؼһһʹ⺢ʲôôȲȥ
ա
ڣ
ſʥ˱ĹѪͷĺܿģֵˡ
һ㶼ģ
Ůɫ޾ɡ
СӶӳԸŮ´βսܣ泤ʥ˿ԼҺӣȻ뿪
´ȥս͵˵һʥ˺˵
̧Ŀ⾪ȵĿң
ס𣿡ʥ˿Цһǰ㽣ʱұ֪ôһ죬ֻû뵽еĸȲ
ʥָͷֻϣԺȥʱܸߵһ
ΣգҲܼʱȥ㡣
Ȼκ˶սһҲɥȴ޷ֹӣֻ˼ĸϣϣ£ϣƽ
걻ʥϰʮսΧħʮֵޢ껪
յʱһѩϯݴأһҹװع
ƿȥĻѩ˴أϡݶȫǰİѩһ˲ڿɰ˪
ɴһīɫȹתݡ
ʿã֣޾ѩ
лɡ
ǰһϮĳʥ￴һţս̧Цɣ㲻һֱԾ½տѾãϵ˳ǣʱһɡ
ԣյ۾ʱһ½½ǰҪ
ڵ½տպ󽣵ʥĽʥҲžƵĽ֣δеһ֮ȴʵԶʱ򾪲ž޴ﱲǲпնĥ˲ţȺӢŻۡЩ˽ܣҲ岢߹ǶħŰĲп
½տԶʱʥ֮һĽʥĽ飬һħа֮⣬½տĽӰ˺ĽޣһԪЩ涥ĽŲٶܹ½տָ㣬ƩɽɵĿɽʦͼλ涼½տй
ΪԨԴڣɽһֱ׽𾴽ʥ½տɽɵնλʥĽ֮飬Ǹ޲ʥľһأ
ʥ˼ϵϲɫɵش׵½տǰãôôң
ΪǽޡίҪǻһǾͲһܿźűϳʥ˵Ĵϲʤϲɡ
Ҳʹʥдʵýģôָأ
ա
ôشأ
ͻȥúýιƽ£ǽޱȽˣȲ
Ϊ˲սձ˳Ĭ
ˮǰ¹Ժ޿һĻҲ׷׳ڵǣǽƾʲôޣýҲʹ
㵹Ǳװشʥ˵Ļб¿ޣбµʥ˵ֱ˵ʥ㣡
ʥѵܱʥǿǺǣðɣ
ջȻ֪Ϊһ仰޺ͽɴս
ҳϽֹ䡣תƻ˵
ʥĿ⿴ϵһۣͷ˵Ǹȥ򼸼ˣˡС𴩵ô򼸼޵ȹӣͷҲ˵㣬Ҳȱˡ
ա
ųʥ˵Ļûסϵɫʲôֱ
⼸ձȴ˷ɫҷۡϷۡǳơ̡Щɫȹӣȫǰݳʥ˵ĶҪȻһķ񣬺ڰۣ򵥷ӼҴܱر
У֪ˡķģȻҾȥ򡣡
ţЩǴȥѣҲҪµġʥһ˵ţһͳǮݸգʡǮ㻨໨㡣
ա
ЦݽӲֽӹϵǮţ֪ˡ
˵գתŲæȥһ˵Щʲôֱûˡ
Ůֱбзˡ
ˮǰ¹Ժ޿һĻ׷׳޵ʥˣѹ˵ô˽̫þ֮󴩵ȹӶ޺ÿƯС͸ô޵㣬һϮ۰˷ôƯˡ
ƯɰŮҲÿȹӴС͸ô޻ãſɰÿ
˻̫˰һЩؾĴ
գֱô£
ʥôǮƣһ󷽣ȴδȱǮ
նħıꣿ
ѾԮնħûչǮ
һ㣬Ҳ
֪ʥʵǮ˼ҵĴүп֣汲ǵصĴ壬Ǯ
ڵҵֶÿ궼ᶨڸʥǮѻΡ
ǺǣЩ˼Ҳһ
ƶǵ
ǵûˣ


83 
ͳʥ˴˸к, ձһɫֽɡŷѩˡ
׷״ѩڵ桢ҡݶ, Ѹٵı˺ѩ, ĺĴšͷĲǻɵһƬ, һ㵭㡣
ǸΪ, ʵʺڼ˳šǡǡ෴, ǳصĽֵȴĦ࣬òַǳιֵĻǰ̷̯, ÿ϶Цݡ
ΪѵþΥ̫ƽ֮, ħڶﶬߵϰ, ÿĩ£ħϮ壬Ҳһľڻֲ̿жӭһδϢʱա
ҲΪ, һֱھݴظսʱԮűħΧǳصĳʥ˲ܹжݵмڣͣ˳ǡʥ½տܹǰ˳볤ʥ˻, ҲΪˡ
ճɡĽֵϣһ֮ждʱŻе֡Ŵϵ˷װ, Щźİ, Щȴһŵ, ͬһƬ֮ͬһ, ȴŽȻͬ·
˵Ǹȫе磬ȴ˶Уĸ綼ͨƽ, ˵ͨƽ߲ǴԶҲʣǵǸԪʿѾڷˡ
ɡһ¥Ҫ˶¥һλһ¾ƣƷšٺȾƣҲȾƣֻڴʱѩ׷֮ʣһ¾ůȫ
Ŀ⿴ֵ磬ߺȳ֣̬ЩģҲǷġħŰ޳˭Ҳ֪ܷټյ̫Ҳ̻¿̾ˣһֽоƽļʱַݵķǴȥԺΪ֪᲻Ժ
ǷģҲãġ
ǵӵģҲǴ󵨵ġ
޷磬ȴҲΪֻʥټ
ǳž޵Ӣ
һƷžƣһޱ߼ʵţļƬѩƮ˽Ȼܿıڳˮ顣
¥⴫һ޺㣬ŹŮץҾͺˣŹŮŮôŹ
΢΢ü̧⿴ȥ
ֻ¥Զһӵϰڵץż󺺵˵ŹŮôСϰһ߿һ˵
ץŵԼʮŮҲſң
һһ߳ŹڵصϰȽе
٣𼱣һܲˡǴ󺺺Цһ˵
ܾۼ˲ٿͣǵͷ˽ָָ㣬ȴδһ˶ԲĸŮԮ֡
ռ״üͷĸˣ֣һɫĽֱȥһʯ˲һʯ
󺺺ڿ͡
ڵ˶ŴͿһʯʯգ񾪿֡
ץŮֲɵ˼֣Ů˻תܣǰȥڵصĸףŽؽе
ŮˣҲعôˣ
Ҫ׷ȥ˸ץ
ʱһʺ
һɫĺ˸źâĽʺϣʱ󺺱ŵöǵ䶹ĺ飬
̧ͷҵĳǰȥֻǰһλǳɫȹĸüŮֳŽסʺǰ
Զ¥¥տһĻʱĿŮޣλ
¹ԺǰʿѾϳλŮޣ׷׾
ŮĿȻǰ󺺣ΪΪĸŮ
ҪΪǣǵɷ׵ǷǮ𣬽ĸŮҵծˡһ޹ɫ˵֮
һʱһ֡
Ȼ̫ˣ
̫ˡ


֤ݡŮ޶Դ󺺵ĻΪֻ˵
Զʱɵˣʲô֤ݣ
Ҫʲô֤ݣѲɻƭ𣿡˵
ŮɲΪֻǵ֤֤˵Ǳ㲻ţŮ˺߸ɱ
˵Ǿ仰ɱ֡
󺺶ʱĻŵû겻壬æתͷеڵİɣ֪ڣ
㽫Ůҵծתͷ۾ȺһѰȻۼĿĳȺ⼷ˣָе
ǾǽŮҵծ󺺶ŻŮ˵
ȺԭվԵĿǣ㿪Զ룬˲ճһһվǣʸ֮ĵʱӲҲǲҲǡ
ԭͷʹ޵ĸŮҲ׷ͣ¿תͷǵɷ׵㣬㣡ϰҧȻſŮȥץסһץŤ򣬡ôôݣôûģŮܳ
ϱץѪۣʹһȻһѽϰƵһߵϣһڵôһ֮ǶҵĶѵˣ
ϰԵ㴹ᣬҵôôһ
󺺼״æŻŮ޵ûƭ˰ɣɵȷɳ飬޹ء
Ů޿һۣδ˵ջ˽
Ҫ뿪ԼĲӣ󺺶ʱ˿æȥ˲Լ亹Ķͷ
Ů˽ת󲽳ǰȥڵشϰԣʵɷ֮Ů֮ĸŮΪⷢ
ϰ̧ͷ
ԸݣŮϾϵӴ˻ɣΪŮ˵
ϰɫȻݣæԸ⣬Ը⣡
ȴǲˣУƾʲôҲӦҵˣҵĹҪ룡
Ů̧Ŀ⼫Ƴһۣ˵⻰ȥִõ˵ɣ˳ڰǰ䲼˽ֹ˿ڵ
ʱһֱȺԶ˳ִǰΪ׵λŻŮޱȭ˸ȻĿĿǰԱͼ͵Ĵ󺺣ȫߣ
ѵصĺִʿѸǰʹһ˵ȫߡ
Ů޴Щתȥٹ¡
Ⱥ˼׷ױܿóһ
Զ¥¥տһ۾ϱ鲻ó죬Ů¸ɴʵʹ죬Ͳ֪λ
ˮǰİ¹Ժǣ۾ϸ
뿪˾¥¥֮תȥеһҵ˼еģȻȥһҵЩ¾ƲˣЩ֮תظˡٳǰʥ˵Ķԥһᣬջתȥһε꣬׼򼸼λȥӦʥ˽ʡõʱȥֆ¸ܾͣóʥܵԽˣ֪ǲ͵ԭ
εڡ
ѡΣһķȻ·Żȥ
շµʱһֻ޳׵ֽ
̧ͷȥһ죬վ鷢˲Ǳˣ֮ǰھ¥λŮޡ
ϲ𣿡Ů޺̧ͷĿ⿴ʵ
аɡ˵ͦÿģվ̫ˣǳʥ˵ƷζĻϲؾһЩġ
ŮԵ˵ͷ˵ʺ㡣
Ȼתͷǰεϰ˵Ҫˡ
Ǯ֮󣬻Ů޽鷢ݸǰ˵㡣
ա
ǰݹķϱһ±ùŹ졣
գҪǸƯС㣬ҶҪҪң
ջǲأ
Ǹޣն˵ܾƯС㣬Ǿ˵ˡ
⻹ϲ
ˣϲ
ǲϹ
ˮǰ¹ԺǼջڳ˼ҪҪ»Ů͵ķʱһ̲ס޲ˮȥץյļʹҡΣ㵹۾ϸ
ǰ˭
Ů޿ճ˼΢΢Ц£Ӣ˲ͬѩڣųůЦݣ㣬ϵ𣿡

ʱ£æ̧ͷĿ⿴ǡ
Сﰡ㡣̾˵Ȼǰ𣿡
ա
ʲô
Сã
⻰һӦȥͷȻĬˡ
ûСССյһֻƨɺܻн㡢СãáߣӢƻǿ
̫˼Ҿˣ
Ҿ徵Ĳҡ
ˮǰʿ˾ĴЦ


û뵽Ҳн죬˹ǿıûУЦˣЦһ갡

ϢĳĬ
ð֮ղŴƳĬǿųЦݣǰĸüӢ˵û뵽ôûС㶼ôˡ
ôߣ
ߵ˼гСƺˣܾСվһ˭ǽ˭ûһأ
⻰ʱüһ۾Ϳ۵׵ľᣬʱЦһ˵һΪأҿǵһۿϳˡ
ôأС̫ˣֻһʱûӦѡ΢Ц˵ϾСʱӳ飬һ
ݿҲδټ¸⣬ת˵Щһֱйע顣
ոһɻ
ЦϾĴ˲֪ߵȻ˹ע
⼸һֱ½ԣϰ½ܻἰ㡣˵
ȵȡ
Ļһ˲Ժð˼뷨һʱ֪˵Ȼ˽½տϰǸ˵ʥЩһֱ֪СøڽʥȴӲἰ˵СþȻ֪ʥ½տͳʥķţ˵潣ʥ½տϰִŮޡ
ֻ֪һˡ
Ǿǣɽɿɽʱߴ֮һ⽣ݡ
˵һֱ֪СȫôأĿ⿴̽Ե˵
ˮǰ¹ԺĮʶˣһʲôʱܷ֡
ڴСûشʱı顣
һ
ݿǰգӢ¶Цݣ³֣ݡ
ա
Ҳڣˣ
ɽɵĿɽ߽棬ɲǵɽɽǵڣ
һʦҽ㣡
⡢⵽Ǵ治·أѪ׬أ
һصĳ˼⣬֮ܶ


84 
, ղ͵Ǹ, һͬͳʥʱ齵ĳ
ڻس̵·, ճɫֽɡͬ, ֽɡǱб, סķѩ
˲첻ںѩϡ
СΪλ½УƲСòûҪе, ͬһ뿪
ݳĬһ£Ȼ˵ͳ뿪, ûñħѰ¾С, ҿµǿԽ
ұ뿪, һųʥµĹһĴżħնɱ֮½, ½ΪӣС赭дЩľ
Ĭ, Ȼ˵ƵᣬǼʶп֪Ⲣһɵľ˵Ǽ, вɥ
֪Ǽȶ, ⽣ƽ, С¾, һҴΨԽȴòħŰĲп磬һ˼
, Σɳ
ǵ˵ǰѪ޻Цۻʹǵľ㲻ֻǹǴֿʵ
պͣס˽ŲԵҲ̧ͣĿɻĿ
СáտؽеȻеɡһ·ϣ˫͵ؽݱ˻§סļϣ˵Բ𡣡
ݱľٶһ£Ȼḧĺ󱳣Ц˵ûϵѾȥˡ
ң㱣Ұ㡣˵ôһֱҵˣξΣվ
Ǿһֱ㣬һֱΪ˺òãңػ㡣յ˵
΢Ц˵á
ǼȶѷһʷǴΪ֧Ź̫þĳʥʶһι䡣
մ磬ι䡣Ĵ룬ҲıμΪͼ֮֯µĹ¡
ʥиǧ磬ǻԸ˼ԿС
ˮǰ¹Ժ
ţ⽣׷潣ʥнǰȷʥһԨԴԭ𡣡
벻⽣澹һιȷ⽣ʱħ¾˹硣ȴ֪ʱ׹һ˵⣬Ѳס
⽣浱ʱͣʥԺǲ󡣡
ûմǸԶ⽣ʱżȻ;Сͣĳʥйʥ뿪뿪ú󣬴СħϮ¾һ档类ֻ̤ĵ;ʥµй׶Σݾյʥ½տʥ¿࣬Ϊ̵߽У˺µ⽣Ҳ˺ɽɿɽ߽֮һ⽣档

صۡ
ֽɡͬһĻȳǰȥԶԶر㿴Զ˽ͤڣһϮĳʥһ̸
ǡĿ⿴ųʥǰŵӣ۾һ
Եݿɫ½
һתͷԵݣʵΪ㺰½㲻ĵ𣿡
½˵ƽħб鲼¶Լ壬ɱħͽǶȴɶߵˣҳƺΪʦֻҺΪͽʮˣȴӲߣ⵽ħ곤пɶһ棬Ҫ뿪˵
ĬԣΪԶʱ½޽ݳ̵ļڵʦǳƱ뽣ʥԨԴǳȴδʥἰĵӡ
ʥ˹µ
߰ɡ
նݵȻ˳ǰ˽ͤȥ
պ
ߵ½տԣе
½տ̧ͷɫԻ˵ˣ
šӦӢ¶Цݣܸˡ
½տȻ΢΢ף̵˱á
Աߡ
ʥ˿ͷϲŵĵ鷢۾һ˵Ӳĺܣʺ㡣
Сҵġ˵ĵҲúÿ𡣡
ѹ֣Ҿ˵ôѡôĿʽʥһȻɫ˵㻹СãСҪ
΢ЦʱͲҪֱִ粵ǵˣǲʲôԣʱתƻϲǼҵ̵Ƶģ¾ƲŶ
ԽԽˡʥ˿תͷǰŵĺѿǵҺἰСŮա
½տ̧ǰŮһۣһůɫͷ˵
ʥԶʱתͷ˵ڿأ
ա
ȫû
ʥ˿˶ôֵ
һ˵һһġʥ˶˵֣֮ܶܵǺܲˡ
վ½տԵͷʾ֤ͬʥ½տһĬԵˡ
ĿĴǰĽʥ½տһ𽣣ɷأǸŽʶܸܵǱŨɷɱ⣬˾ɷɱ⡣
ѹ˵֪¶ħꡣ
ϵƱֱݣ룬ջǳļĺ棬ӣһű׼ĿӣüĿͦӲʿ졣
յĿⲻɵض½տ촽ûĨں֬
ԼΪʱе㳤ҿĵطЩ̫ԣ½տĿⶢʵʲô𣿡
ա
Уʣ
ʳġ
ˮǰ¹ԺǣҲһʲôʧ⣡
Ŀ⣬½ʥ̲סˡ
ΪŮޣˣ
æƿĿ⣬Ե˵ģûʲôֻǾ½μ档
½տԺЦˣɶ࿴ۣ
ա
оͬ½տĺƢ
ҲǣܹǰΪͽܴ㣬¿ຢͯϤĽ̵ǵˣ϶ǸƵĺˣ
ˣҲ÷ǳòȡˣ룬Ϊ½ʥһΪʵʵɷɱǸ
ʵϣȷǱû
ȡϽصĵĺ¾ƲˣϣռλδѣȻݸˣ½ҺСñ뿪ˡ
ȥɡʥ˵
Ȼձ뿪
Զˣݵ½õļҵ֬ں죿
ԣ̧ͷĿɻĿ

ؾδʩ֬۵ӣԼ½ʥЦĬĬذǾ½ûںĻ˻ȥûʲô˵ȻתƻСȥ԰
ѩӦΧ¯ѩ߳ԻѩЦе˵
ݿϵЦݣҲ˴ǣá


85 
˳ǳλ, ʥ½տݶס, 볤ʥ˺չסͬһԺ䡣ǻ˳һֱͣ꿪, ѵõ̫ƽʱգ˹ۡ
Դ֪ʥ½տڴͣ£˼, ǿǽʥ½֮ʼ氡ĸ޻᲻õʥļָأ˵һֱܳʥ˵Խ̵, ǳʥϾǸޣְҵӰ潣Ȼǽﰡ
յ˼̫, һơǸʥ½տ˲ˮ, Ҳ˼ˣŰ˽ͤڲԲʯİһ, ڲȥˡ
ʥ˿Ŷһ֣ŬƶϹĵλãͼһλ, ˳ǡŶɫĽʥ½տʹ˸ɫ, Ѿͷȥ, ӶҪظˡ
յʾĽʥ½տ̧ǰգ, ʵлҪ˵
ա
ˣǻʲôϽϰ
˳˵, ˵Ҷá
½տԣɫ˶١
ܵһָ㣬ҵĪңǫ˵һ˫纬ˮһգգۺڴ
Ļ½տ˲ЩŹֵĿ֮˵ɡ
ˣɫϲʤ˵ǻõ÷ռ裬ȥһ
˵գ̵תȥݲˡ
ʥˡ
תԶˣʥ˲ŷһֺȲ裬ٺӶҪˣ
ĿǴĿǰʥ½տ̭ôֹ
Ϊβֹ½տʵ
ʥԿЦãѵü˸˵ģ㲻̻£⺢ӡΪ٣ӼΪϲŭ¶رǼΪ˵ġ
ʥ½տһۣδ˵
ˮǰ¹Ժǣʥ̫˰
ǣܵʥ׽̣ʲôʥǸϲʤģֱɷҲδҲ̫˱ˡ
Ҳɵһ仰̾
Ⱥ߲ƽǾͷ·׷һټĵӾ磬󱻹ٷCPCPһ㡣
ղŲܱôأ罣ʥôˣ˵޺糤ʥһ㡣
Դӵ½տ֮ձÿ״򲻶׼ʱǰȥѰ½տָ㽣ðźѩǰȥһղ䣬Ƿѩ衣
֮ˣÿϰӲ¡ԴƼ֮󣬱²дɽɵʦʦҲʦܺʦǺεң
ҿǵһܺ⽣дɽɵӣȥҴһġ
ݴӲܾյҪҲǡ
Ƕʱѩ÷дݵĽһӢԵյĽɱɱ⣬ںݽֵʱʶɱ⣬ԵҪࡣ
ɱ⾪ˡ
Զİ˽ͤڡ
ʥ뽣ʥ½տƣۿǰѩϺ÷¶Ķˡ
Ǻӷҽ̵ģȴʵڲҽ̳ġʥ̾һɱ֪Ӻζ
ˣǳʥмֲ²⣬ҲйأֻħɱŵɱеȴΨһ
ͬݣལԵǰɱء
½տĻĵǣɱοɱزʲô¡
ֻһȴ֪ʥ˵ǺӵǸɱ¾֮ˣҲˣ֮ɱأĳȴ⺢ǸìܵˣĽıۣ֮ˡ
Ľ˵ıģ˵ǱƵġʥ˵˼ҵĵ⺢ӽһ˵Լ
ʥ½տԳĬãտڵǱ㲻Ҫᡣ
ⱾҸ顣½տ˵

꽣֮
պݸǰȥϴ˸裬ɾˬȻǰȥʥ˺ͽʥ½տ
ҺСóһˡնԳʥ˵
ʥԶʱЦˣôС֮㵹ǾŹ֣ȥ㶼öһ¡
ֱ׳˵һ˹ֺ˵ȻǲһģһҲȥأ˾Ϳ໥鰡
ԣʥĿ⺬ЦͲˣ
öõί˵ôѡĻҶԸƯСŮһŹֵģǡ
վԵתͷ¶˵Цݡ
ʥˡ
ŮǲҪˣŰɡ
ȥȥɣʥһͷĻָˣǸǲһǮˣΡ
ÿճţҪ·Σռֱˣķܵţõģġ
˵գ㽫Ǯһݱˡ
ˮǰ¹Ժǣ޳ܣ̫޳ˣ֪СɽʦȴɻһһСã𾴶ޣ
̫ˣֱ·ϣ治Ŀ𳤣Ҫȥɽɸ淢
˵ȥ淢֮ǰܲȸĸԼһһСãǻû浹ˣԸȱɽɸˡ
˳Ǵϡ
Ǵѩ׷ɣëѩ׷£ϻźѩ㣬²ʱɨȴ޷ֹѩĸǡ
ݵֱһµ꣬ŵϰ˵ҶҪˣ
ָԵݣԵϰ˵ȥߴ硣
գϰЦӦ
תͷԻӽһǱԵܲøգ˵𣿡
Ļͺÿζ˵ģ·ɶˣûҪ˵ȻĿ⿴Եݣ㣬ö㳤ôÿഩƯСȹ˷ˡ
ԣĿ⿴Цˣǡ
ʥ·ΣҴ׵ġ޶ӣ˵
µ֮ȥεꡣ
ͬǣһε꣬ĿЩڷľһɨȻһӣҶҪˣ
ҰվԼ˵仰ʱ˧
ϣεϰһϲЦտıӦ̣˸˿ͣ
תͷ˵ġ
ݡ
ܾýܲԾˣľͺá
ҲǷǳĶЦŵͷӦãҾڴ˶л㡣
ˮǰڰ¹ԺǶûۿˣˣ㻹ǵ㻨˭Ǯ𣿡
糤ʥ֪ǮСÿģ᲻û㻨Ǯ
㻨Ǯóʥ˸ǮȥСãɧʵ̫ɧˣһʶϤУʲôأ
ʲô
Ǯ˼ӵͿϵҵȥ£

ȵǹ춼ˡ
ѩɷ׷ţֵϵ˼Ҳˣ˸Թҡ
һִȥ˵̣˸ʥ˺ͽʥ½տ¾Ʋ˺͵ģȻǣֻȥˡ
ѩµ󣬻ѩգǳϦˡ
Ϧ졣
һĺò˱˺þƣҲһֱ֣ڳæȻ졣
׼˳Ϧ磬һ˰֮Ƕ˲ŷȥԡ£µѺΡ
մһ޴쳤ȹȹŴʢĵεȹ΢΢أ߼ͬˮĵţ޴ˡ
ͷϲǸݳʱ͵ĵ鷢½ķһĵģԽĵ䣬Ů
̤ڣڳʥ˺ͽʥ½տǰʱ
µλشĴҲ񣬿Щľɫ˼亱
ˮǰ¹Ժڿճһ˲䣬ס˺Ϊ㵹
Ϸɽھޡ
ʱ˲Ųòϳʥ˵۹Ǽõģ˵ʺ޻顣
ʱףһ޻ȴ˼ɫǡ
˻Ȼ𣬰¹Ǹͼ
ǻĻŮӣ֮ϵŮ財
¬װ¬ҹȻһ˫ʶۡ
̾Ϣ˹ˣ֮˼ɫ


86 
նǰڶŵĳʥ˺ͽʥ½տ΢΢һЦ, е½
һЦ, ʱ, ˫ˡ
ֹˮƽ޲ĳʥ˺ͽʥ½տ˲Ļ㱳
, ½
һϮȹݴ˽ڵĶλе, ǰЩĳȹͷϴŵΡ
ĸòӢ, ոʺŷ, չŮӵӢ
ʥ˻عЦǶ˽մĵǾ, ϲĺܡ
ա
Ļһдʺţ᲻Ͱʲôľ, ϲĺܣ
Կ, һ㹻ȥѡ˰ɣ
Ǻ, Ȼֱүү֪ഩ㣬¶, 䣬𶳵
ʥ½տջĿ⣬üĿ, ĬȾơ
ˣûˣ
տŵһ֪ģֱ費ǣʲôڴģ
ԣչжϣתԵݹһЦ޹䣬˵СãҽΣ
ݹȻ˵յκ㣬ˣɫ˿ɼ
Ⱑ
¸Сõ޺ȻƯСãȺֱУǺա
ƺܵ˴ϴĺεͳڵֱУĬ˵ͷͼɻء
ˮǰ¹Ժǿ˶ΣϢķΧ

պݽݣ¡
Ĵѩ磬װعӭꡣ
ʥ˼һӵ⣬˿ڣȻ˵յռ
ǫ˵ֻɶѡ
ʥˡ
Ҿڳҡ
ʥ˵ĿӶһ£Ȼµļвˣװû֮⣬תƻ˵ʲôԸ
ԣճһ£Ȼ˵ϣƽħ군
˵̧ͷһĿǰʥˣʵ˵ҪԸ᲻ʵ֣
ʥˡ
Ĳȥҳӵģ
ȱϵ˼䷢չͽħֺոһյǰͷӻӡ
ˣҲеġ
ʥ˾ýûúģֻԡ
ǻ˰ɣ˷Ǯһǳˡ
ʥˡ
ʥεĿԡ
ҵǾ˵ͦáһֱĬĺžƵĽʥ½տڵãֺȣ
İѣЩ˶Բݷأʥ˵Ȼ̾ˣ˵ˣġ
һپƺ֮
ʥȡݸպݣһһЦ˵ƽƽɹһ꣬곤һ꣬ҲҪƽ
ллֽӹϲ˵
ݽӹ˵л
պܻ˺ͷһ챦ʯ鴮ɫϸССŵĺ챦ʯĥĹ⻬ӨһſŵĴһһ
ۣƯʮĽеȡ˳ϣȻ̧չʾǰĳʥˣʵÿ𣿡
ÿǺÿġʥҲͬ˵ÿˡ
õ佱㣬תͷǰĽʥ½տ۰Ͱ͵ͼʮˡ
½տ
½տȾƵĶһ£ǵĿ̫޷ӣԷ˾Ʊ
ˣյ۾ˣϷ
½տ̵ĴȡŵȻǰպǰȥǵġ
л½ռ״¶ϲɫ˵ȻͬǺܻù˺ϲ̵Ĳ𿪣һɫĽ˳
룬յĿһ㶡
Ҽ㽣̫ˡ½տϵı飬ѵý͵ʺ㣬ܻƽ
̧ͷ¶Цݣ˵Һϲ
ˣ½տҲ¶ǳǳЦݡ
õǳʥ˸ĽǱ׹һյģһ
Ϊ֪뿪˽ԴδĹõ˷ѡ
⣬⡣
ԼδСС飬ȴ˷ˣõ
մһʱо
꣬ҹĺܿġ˵ĺܿģõλӰʵ
Ϧҹ󣬱ӭµһꡣ
һضյĴѩͣˣѩҲʼڻתů¡
شأƱ
˳ǵȴЦһձһ٣Ϊζħ㳲ʳ
һյħڴʱκʱ򶼸ײбŰʳɱ¾塣
һѹʱգʱ
ô̰տŻȷͥԺ˵Ĵȴ٣ħŰ֮ʱ
ǻ䣬ȴֻüİͱ


87 
ش, һħ³Ϯʳ, չľݴظǳٴν뾯䱸ս״̬µսʿ±սնħ
ʥ½տӵݳǵԮ, ݽǰݳǣɹⳡħʥ˳ǳ, ͣ˳, ʩԮ֡
ʱ, ڶ
㵽˽ʥ½տ뿪˳, ս׼õһ佻˵һЩճϴҩʳ, һЩġ
ǰӢ΢Ц˵, СãĶһΧ¯ѩ, 
ݿ, ౨ЦݣӦá
Ǳ˵ˣЦ˵
ʥ½տҲ, ´ټһῼУĽ
ԣգգ۾, ȻصͷӦһʧġ
½տ˳ɵԴ, оеҪһѵĳ嶯ǿסˣĿź˵ĿһǰСԴĵ´԰, ϤһҲͲǰʧˡ
ˡʾ
Ȼ뿪ǣݳս
Žʥ½տԶȥ߰ɡվԵĳʥķǣ֣ǻȥ
Ѿϰ˾ɢô֪˶ٵѡսѣһԶȥȥѾϰˡ
̧ͷӦš
űϦƻȾһƵĵ·ȥ
ǵӰ𽥵ıϳһ𣬳ΪһӰԶԶؿŷ·ֻһ˰㡣

յ٣ݴϵ嶼æµǲħѾʼϮǳأֻǳ̽սʿҲѼɶӣӭնɱħ
սĻʼ֮ǰձѾ˳ɱħĶ飬ÿڳɱħ
СȴΪ䣬ֺֿ죬˻мϧСչֵ˼ģնɱħӣһĬˣչ顣
ƻ轥Ѫ
ƽԭսŨŻѪζһصĶ֫ѪʬħҲ˵ġ
ѪĲݿĻȾŲѪɫÿգػش︴յʱսǿѪɫĻǵصĵǣһҹ֮㳤˳ͷ·ǱѪ
ӯ˾һֻİ׺ףսûӰϢļޣħ޴ʱսεɱ֣Ľոħͷ­
һһƮƮĻһħĵˣεĽޣɱ¾ܿձսϳֹߣħǱ߶ţΪսοµİ׺֮
ħΪͷȴУ֮졣
ˮǰ¹Ժ
ɽһĬı鿴ǰսٰӰõ£ûսϽնħɫ䰵ҲӦýġ
Ǹʱڵ̫ƽսãõս˲пѪȵ޽磬δгһ˾
ɽ°̾һ̫Ҳ顣
ֱѪпɱսûеûκʴȿֻгƴɱͻȥԭʼпɱ¾ΪɱȺڳ̫ƽԪʿ
˶ĬģעˮսɱԡѪգĻȾѪĴĿɫĵ۱Ⱦİ췢ڣѪ˳µΣڽµϡ
ЩѪЩǱնɱħģԼġ
ǿһһ˿ڣ˼ʹѪǲ㱻Դձܹȴһں˿԰еڵء
ˣδˣ򵹡Ǳ߹ǣһûаʹҲ˿ľɥеĹͬǻ㣬еˡ
¹Ժǰǣ˺սɱƴգһֻİ׺װ㣬ȼŻ裬ӣеĻ档
һȼŵϨĻ棬սϵǰߵ˺ڰеĹ⣬ϢĻ֮ĺǰͺָ̣
ֻҪһ˲Ϊнȼɼָˡ
ɶ˻Ϊ貵ĹâںڰǰĶĿԣ˲ǰͺ̡
յһʧճ׵İսϵħҲʼˡ
ԶʱħõϢҹһڱ㳷˻سϸϮ
㣬նòȻ֪Щħ˯ػǸҹİ÷սƴɱһսʿԴϢҹ
ħְպҹϮ壬Ĵֻѡ
˽ͶսѴ˸кתسˡĶڵȴǰħδϮǹԷһÿϻ˵ֵسǾ䡣
ΪСԵʣԶδҪֵҹճڹǼϸ׵飬ûоܾݺ⡣
һֱ֪ʥǲսģһֱϣŮǣıӻһƽҸ֡ȴôãΪβȥ֮ѣ˱ӻȥΪǸӻˡ
ǼģǳʥȴյԸδֹľ
˳֮δֱӻȥϣתȥһҿջڿջڵǰ̨ϻ˯Ŀջϰ壬ſﴫŨǿҵ޷ӵѪζһ˹æ̧ͷǰȥǰ߽գη֮ɫڵӭȥ˵ˣˮˡ
ˡն˵Ȼ·˶¥
࣬ǲ࣬ȫǣǲڵĺӡջϰм˵
˶¥һݣѾˮԡ£ϴȥһѪۣȻ˿ҩãһȫ¸ɾ·
оԼȥǸɾˬŮϣȫմսɱһ¥תظ
ظ֮ǰȥгȥǼҵ˸¾Ʋ˴ȥ
īɫȹŮ٣ŷ٣Σϸ񻣬ò
ʻ£籦顣
һ֮֮
ֵκ˵ֵá
ȴ»ȹȡ½ΣһִƴɱսսϣѪȾĳۣ˺ѫ¡

ջȥ˸ϣʳУȣԶԶر㿴ǰ˽ͤһϮĳʥһλİ̸
ĿĿһλӣаԲ²ǺˣʱڳĪǳİ֣û˳Ƕ˳ʥҪȥ

߽ͤڣųʥ΢ЦڵҴϲĵĺ¾Ʋ˻Ŷ
ʥ̧Ŀ¶˿ѲãüĿ΢΢չ˵á
ǰ̧ĿζĴǰգλϵĹŮ𣿡
ʥ˿˵СŮա
մ̫ϲǰӣʹδ˵ĬĽʳĵĺ¾Ʋ˰ڷԲʯϣӺĿ޶á
ȥɡʥ˼ʳУ˵
ʳתˡ
ֱ뿪Զܲǿ޷ӵĿ⡣
Ů鱦񣬳ҵԤϡӶǰĳʥ΢Ц˵֮ǰĿ֮ǰҿδ뵽սϵİ׺֮˹ˡ
ִ·һ۱ϡ


88 
ʥĻ, ɫʱȥ, Ҫ⡣
ԣķ·ɫаܽе, ΢΢һЦ˵ҡ
ҹʱ֡
ʵ˭
һӰ񶹸ĳʥɫЩ, 赭дǸεĵ˶, ǰԼ, ֱƽϾʱ, ܶһ˱һ
Ŷ
Ӧһ, ȴڲ²Ǹ˵, Զʱʷ¼֪Ĳֻ࣬ЩһЩϹŴšĴҲǺħݴغ, 𽥷ٲʢ, ʥټʱڵ¡
ħŰΪħȺ¹ӴϢʱڵʷ, Ĳ㣬ἰԼΪἰɣⲢʲôֵüʷ
ʥ˼ɫ˼, ¿ӵʥԶ, еֶα£ΪΪаԣ濴ǰ򵥣Զ㡣
գ, Ȼ˵á
µ˵ĸйٲãúΣշ֮رаԵĺܡ
ˮǰ¹Ժ²λʥԶµ˵ݣֺöԶʱ𣿡
δԶʱʥԶˣģ֮һ̫þҶܸܵϵаԣʥҪԶ
ʥԶǺأܲἮ֮
ϷŵɽĿⶢǰˮϵգüĿȴаɫ
֮̾˿ɫ¶ϧͱ
֮
ϴɡʥ˵
ԣ̧Ŀ΢ĿҲȥˡ
ſǰ˸ĵƣʹ˵һѾĴµˡ
ʥˡ
Դճսնɱħ֮󣬳ʥϧ࣬һ»ŷϴ룬Ǽľͱˤ⣬ûֻ
ʵڲףΪܹϴ붼ˤˣһΪȫնħ
ϴǶô򵥵鰡
ʥ˺Ƥ˵ɵĲȥµĲⲻͦõ𣿡
ա
аɣ˾ͺá
ջûֹһƬģռÿճսնħÿǰδ׼緹ҹ׼ţɰѳʥۻˣͼֹձʾѡ񲻳ԣҵȨ
ʥˡ
޷ֹֻÿռҸϧεĳźšֽȻͬ֯һӿֳ΢ָӵ
޷壬˵
Ϊִÿźţֻ˵һ䣬һһ٣һһ١
ųﴫžˤüͷʱˤһһ£ɫļˣзϵϸԺôŶ
֪ʵʥϴ벢ˤ룬ˤֻΪҪ¶ˡ
ղ֪ħսı仯ϵЦԽԽٱ鶼𽥵ıĮȻϵɱɷȴһձһءʥ޷ָֹı䣬ֻ˱׾ֶŪ¶Щ

֮µ˱ʱǰѰʥ˺Ȳ̸üսʱ򶼿
ÿΣµ˿һ˲ϲĿ⿴۵׵ζȻ·ڿʲôȤĶһ㡣
ղϲ񣬵ȴûͬΪĹͣʱûĽʵڲ˽ֻ۲Ĳʲô⣬޼ƿʩˡ
ÿնսϣء
һΣˣµȴδʶȤ뿪һֱžڲǣһڴ˵زߵļơ
ʥ˼״ΣֻίϿ͵ɫҪҪù뿪
Ǳȴ֮ˡµ˺ЦӦ¡
ա
Ƥú
ãŲ߷Ҫû취ֻ˸ꡣ
ϡ
µ˼һ⣬΢Ц˵ǾǲǾϵ⣬ħ׸


ԣʥ˺ͣ˿ӣ̧
巴ħϵͼһùѣ³¹忾󡣡µ溬Цݣɵ˵˹ɲĻķֻͽȤζѡ
ڳʥ˺յĿ£ļ˵ҽ飬ħͣÿȥһϹħΪۻȡ˵Ҹ

ʥԵŭ껹˺˻⣡
ΪڣͬħȡĹң˴˵޵֮٣ʱ̸ȡˣͬкοԣѪԹ͵˻¼໥ʱڣµĲħǶԵĺģʥ˶µһŭԲ⡣
곤ʥ˷ŭ֮ղƽ˵λͬʣսɳħɱҲԸͬ
ˡ̧Ŀâǰµˣ˵ħ׸⣬˭ϵɱ޻أԴֽŶһء
ȥսϿһЩضǵħʬף˺ħ׸ⲻͬǣ˻ֻᷴĬЭ˵壬
µŶ˵ŭⲵ⣬ŭ΢Ц˵ϧͬ룬ҵ顣
ˣǶһһŭ⡣
壬˼
ΪȤԲ̲ס棬ԽҪݻ١
µ֮ʶȤĸ뿪ˡ
뿪֮󣬳ʥ˵üͷ˵Ժܿ㣬ҾйŹ֣ͷȥ
µ˽һóʥ˶裬յȤóʥ¾ò
Ļյͷ˵á
ˮǰ¹ԺǣⷬԻȫˣ⡢ⲻҪ尡ʥԶ²ħǱߵģ
ʥúã˵Ŀħξ壿
óǸѵģܾʥԶµйŹ֡
ʥȥˣҵȵȣ֪ܿˡ

ϣǰǰţͬĳʥڲǰһš
ϻʱ򣬼ǵɡʥһҪ
áմӦ
ʥ̧Ŀ⿴°̾Ҫƽ
ҳˡ˵
ţʥ˵㡣
á
սʱǻǰģŽӰ֮ܿһ˺ѵĺڰʱħ˳
ŽսϣŹܵĲսûӯͬŵɱ˵İ׺ס
һһһĽ
ÿһɱ¾
ħ
ɱƴɱսϣɱ¾ɱ¾ɱ¾
ֱոƻ䡣
һյɢʱħʼˣ˳ĳˮһѸٵʧֻһصĶ֫к壬ħҲġ
սϻţһЦ뿪س̡
˽ת׼سǡ
ȻҪȥ㣬Ҫǵãš
ǰһӰ֣ǰסȥ·
̧ͷȥµˣ֪ʱֵģǰ
üͷŵˣһã㵲סҵ·ˡ
ԣµ˶΢΢һЦαô뿪
ա
ˮǰ¹ԺʿһԴеˣǸʥԶ˭ʥԪˣħħ֮һħ
˿ܰ뿪
ƻյĳս
̧ǰµˣǿӴ˿ڻ谵ɫнȰ죬ֱͬա
ʶʲôûκεľŻ˵˿̳侲ɫĮû˿Ķǰµ˵ǸҼŻؼһá
ԣµЦˣЦúãû뵽սɱ¾İ׺׽Ǹϴˣ˫־Ҳ𣿡
侲Ļش᲻ᣬûûٳԡ
ԣµЦøˣȤȤ
ȥϼһɫһȤɣµ˵ȻǰպΣ¶ɫĳħȵԼ˰Ĺƣʳġܼļ
տı仯šħӣûаľֻĵĹȻˣ˹Ȼħء
ħ̫ˣܹǵȺԿԴǽĲ˶ħ̫ˣմµ˵Ļ֮Եò飬
¶Цݡ
ǰµˣħ¶˲ɫһץסǰգſ˫ץڿԶ뿪
ץסڿշ˲䣬˴Ӷ߹ιĺХķԼ´˾Ľ
ΪЦ
ʵ
кκЦģħ󲻽ʵץˣ䵽ѵ־度𣿡


89 
Ͳҳ𣿡ɫħץצе, в˵
΢΢һЦ, ˵¿־
ڵңѲٿ־塣Ͽץħ˵ħҸˡ
ħĻ, ǾͿԽյĻǷƨŶ˵ֵĻ
ħĿ, ˵Ǹֵˣеϧˡ
ץգ˫ڿǿĻӶţѸٵĴƲ, ʧҹĻ֮ǰص˳ѨС
ħĳѨʳ¾ħȫؾۼǵȫιħ
ɫħץջسʱ, ɽħȫɧˣ
һŮˣ
ҲҪ𣿡
ˮǰ¹Ժǿι鲼ɽȵħȺ, ֻͷƤ, ֻһ̫þţľ, ֱɽȵײʳħȺˣǺεȵġ
֣, 
ţȴħץŵɫĮ޲ͼ沿ϸ΢ı仯ѰҳЩȴ˿
ĺη壿¾ȵܹĿֲײʳ˵ħȺû˿ĵη
ʣǣ޷֤Լܹħ߶治ɫ
ħ
ձɫħץسѨץħӶ˫Ӹ߿иȥ˲ǿķߺХ۾ܵ˳޷ֻð۾ӿ¿ȥֻ޴Բεɽڣ֫л˫վι״ħǱ鲼ɽȣħ߾ۼһ޴ĳѨ·һ޴֩Ǳץϻȥе֩Ŀ
ɫħصѨӿн䣬վɽǸڡ
קվͳȥ߽ȥûરવĽŲһССŰɫ֫״β͵Сħ˳ֻ߰ຢͯģһɫĳۣڿڣԵøСˡ
Сħ̧ӣǰɫħĽе
Сӡɫħ۾Էû
ˣСħ˵˺ܶ࣬ܶ⣡
ɫħЦһδĻԣ뿪Ѩʮ죬Сӿ˲ϢҲδܽʳġ
СħתͷĿĿצקŵգɵʵץҵʳ𣿡
˵۾ˣ˸İĺ⣬Ŀ̰ѵĶǰգ·ڿһζķ⡣¿ˮʳָڿҧţ¶ŷȮݣҿԳ𣿡
Сɫħܾãܸԡ
ԣСħʱȻ̧İɫͫǰɫħС˵ҪŮ㲻Ҫ𣡡
˵ʲôɵôɫͷ˵Ҫȥһˣһ֮ǰħ
˵գһǰȥ
ҲҪܡɫħЦЦ˵ܳȥħסˣʱҿ㣬ʵ㡣
ˣתͷСħ˵Ȼſ˫ڿշ˳ȥ
ɫħһߡ
СħŶɫħĿɰɣʱȫޣĸ߰ﲻм̧ͷĿӸµİźҵСħҡ
¶˷ɭȮݣ㣡
տޱָ㱣ҡ

СħԶʱйҪұһŮˣ˲ͺˣ԰
ö
һȻ̧ͷĿĿǰ˵һ°ͣ߰ɣ
˵գתǰ·ܣȥֻᱻԵ
ģҲô䵭˵ܲ߿㣿ߵôΪȶ𣿡
˼˵
ǰСħʱӰһȻӿ˽ŲžžવС˵ʲôôȶ̣
һŮˣҲ˴ԲѣСħ߳ŭ˵
˵ʴʰɣԲѲõġպ
ϻСħըˣ㰡
ձɫħϳڴ翴ɽȵԭʼȻﵹ޽ĺݻǽǶһſԲ˶ҹߵĵҲɫůγһӦȫ
Щɫ˼
ʲôСħĿ⣬˵
ջĿɨһۣ˵۾ϣҰľͿġ
Сħ
Ŷ
ǵ˵ԡ
ԹԵԲԵ£ɫħܲʵûҲܲˣϹڵħ˵Ҳʮɣôܣ
ΪɱһɱͨħУħħֻͲ˵ķݡ
ʥ˳ǱΪ˷ֹħħϮǣ˭û뵽ħαװΪö֮ȥ˳ǣ쵽˳ڡ
ħ˵ǷۣյüĿʱٿħڵװκͼҾߣĸħģҪȦѱ
ҰĴħزȥ
գ᲻һдɱ
ü˼һͷ㿴ǰڵ϶ŵСħһεıߵδδĿˮһء
ա
տֲ˲ǣȻĿ׺ݵĵʲô
ԣͻȻЦˡ
Ц˵Ҹ㽲°ɡ
£СħĿĿʲô£
ǰҲиħץסңҲһҡ˵
ȻأСħʵ
Ȼɱˣͬг˵ħɱˡ΢Ц˵
Сħ
ܣôôħܱɱˣ
ԣĿƳһۣ㲻ǣ
һûأš
ڶա
ɫħˣصħߣŶǰ廪΢΢һЦ˵㻹ǲ¡
̧
ħЦʵ֪Ǹ׻ʲôѡ˳ǵ֮䡣
˵գǰȥץձ˶Ѩ
ϣĿСеĶСħ˵㲻һֱս𣿡
СħԶʱ۾һæӵСܵĸȥ

ħʮħΧ˳ǣħΧǣ֮ǰպսʿֻɨսѣЩǰϮħǲ̽ǰӰˡ
˳⣬ƽԭս
սʿҲѾϣڳ⣬ħš
һϮɫĳʥˣɫǰ
ħץնǰǰĳʥ΢΢һЦ˵鱦֣뻻ƽսɡ
ʥδֻĿ䶢û뵽㾹ħϵġ
ħ΢΢һЦ˵޷߼ѡ˵Ļѡ
˭ò𣿡ħЦԴϲνĵֿǺܺ𣿡
ʥ㻹Ĳ
˵ҪĿ鱦ʹ֣ħŭЦ

ʥɫ䣬Ŀ⿴һ۱ħץеգӿ
ȴǶ΢΢һЦЦĶʡ
Цʲôץħʵ
ЦɵֻҪѡ𣿡˵κԥ
˵գ˲еĳ
Զĳʥ˿˾٣ʱͫ׾ҵ˲԰ס
ħľٶ΢΢һЦ˵㣬Ϊƾ˵𣿡
˭˵Ҫ㣬Բ˵ɵЦкã
䣬ԥĽԼĿڴȥһĳֺֿݣֱ࣬۵һѪ쭳ڵء
쭽Ѫħһץյצ˲˳ʺѪצϺԥһ̴ԼգȻ䣬㾹Ȼ
վСħһĻͫȻղҰ״Ѫȴľ˵ӣЦˣЦ貶ҫ۶Ŀ
ΪֹЦݡ
յĽɱܶˣһɱʱûκεϧں޻Ϊȥ˵ھκͲֻ̣ɱʹޡӴ֮Ľֻɱ⣬ɱ⡣
ɱһˣǸʱĽˣǶһ˵˱ԼԽԽ죬ԽԽݣȥ룬ȥɱɱɱ
ֱڣס
ʱΪЦŵġ
ΪڵЦŵģȻڡ
׷ȥ¶ĽͷâĽУġ
ЩЩˣ
ȷľڡ
ͽһģ޻ڡ
Լڡ
ڣȻ
һֱеĽʱɢѡɢ
Բ
̹Ȼ˵仰̹ȻԵǼ顣
лҪ˵һֱڻԼɱ飬һֱĽᡣ
ʦ𿴳Ի֮ͷʲô飬ǼƫԲŻȥ¹Ժ򵥵˵һֱPDSTΪ飬Ĵ̼ĸˡ


90 
û̫þ, ʶͣ, ź顣
֮ħϵһθŭɫϵİɬĶŻѪȾɫ۵ĶŮ˫Է·ȼյԶı, ŻȴûϨ, յĸˣˡ
̧ĿǰԶգ·һȼŵĻ档
ƺͬĶһ, Ŀйɻȼգɵŭ
ҲΪƻƻŭҲΪ
ħᱧŮצ͵ս˵, Լ
˵գŮתСħͻȻίεСħһãȻֽӹգȻ󲽵ĳǰ, ɫĳǹǰǰĳʥһЦ, ǹݣҵľ, ձҼʶı
ʥɫɭͬŷ籩ལֹ, һХ潣â˲ŷս
ǹལڸ߿֮ϼҽս
һսֱ䣬ֱ߶δֳʤ
ħù˳Ƕ£ֿΪ˲Ϊѳʥ˺壬ϺԥǰأľѪԼеȡ塣
еˣսʿǶƴɱˡ
ɽѪ
ǽȾƬյĺɫ޵ĺѪһ㣬ƺͬһɫʺĴĿ
𽥰ȥħʼˣһμѵסǵĳǳء
һֱյʬСĶսСħҲתˣħ嶼ĬıܿŹôССħ
ҪħԶʱԶĳʥ˺طſһֱħһѳСħ˹ȥǰһӣһɫĽСħȥ·
ͻĽƵ˼Сħ϶ʱ¶־֮ɫֲɵץϵա
ҡ
ʥ׷ŵϴ˿̱ˣĿɭ̹ǵĶǰСħ˵
Сħƺѹ㣬ɵغˣɫ԰׶壬ȴʼսرգץ
û˿ֵ˼ʥŽԽڽϵ΢΢̧

ʱħ˻ڽһ˵Ǹ˶ѣʳﶼѳԣҪ㻹ɣ
ħСħȵ
Сħԥһ£ħͳʥ˵˫رѹ£ľϵշȻǰݺݶȥ
ʥȥսסȻ˻
ϿգħĿ⼥ڽĿϵɫȴǱûһ˿ߣ
Сħ˵ȻԥǰӶ˫嵽ħǰħسѨ
СħȥĸĽŲŬĲ˦䡣
·սʿҲʼ𽥵ķسǳУڵɨս
ʥ˱˻еŮŻŮ԰ûѪɫ۾ԶպϵĶӣŵ֣ĴָĦӣſڣɵһ£գؼҡ
һȵҺ壬֪޾Ůǰ½ϡ
ʥ˱գɻصǳشǰȻͽسСգرȥ˳ǸסԺСշŻڵĴϣȻڴǰһҹԲﲻԲȾһޡ
һҹ֮䣬ʥ˷·𱻳ɵһ㣬óĬԡ
ԭ뽫ǵļǰǺδһңЩһֱߵܣδһطͣãͣıշתڸս
ħŰս鲼ݴأδǾ
ʥעǰϰ۵Ů˵ܽںδ޷ġ
󣬳ʥһľٶյʬȼճɹǻңȻĹǻƳһޣһСʱ򳤵һģһСĴޡ
Ͽŵա
ое㡢еؿڣ᳤ʥ˵һƬŮ֮ġŹְ
⵽ôģŻŽĹǻƳɴްţʱʱó˵߶߶ͣҹź˵ĺ
֮ܶձΪŵˡ
˴޵֮󣬳ʥƺֻص˴ǰǸŷʥˡ
ȥȥﾡ
һתۣݴֿʼ˷׷ĴѩϺĶ٣ħΪµĶڣ볲Ϯ塣
ݺͽʥ½տһ͵Сҵ˳ʥˣģݼʥ˵һ仰ʵ
ʥ˿΢΢һЦһֱԡ
ĿؿһۣȻһԲת뿪ˡ
Ͽŵա
ʥ˿ǰĬĽʥ½տóһɫմȾŰѪĽ뽻˵˳ǵɨսʱһ뽫ã롣
ʥ½տĬĿǰɫȾŰѪĽ룬İѪɫǰĴĿ꣬Ĭֽ֮˹Ȼת뿪
ֻ˳ʥһվҲϣĶԲԣеССĴ΢Ц˵
ʱ꣬һλص˵С
Ӵ˴֮һλԵСħ¾֮Ҵæ룬δ
һΣΪһ˷ء
ڵһˣļǰѳһƬݵؿصɫСĻݵϣ޽һ¹ڣ
˵Ҹʱ⣬˵оǴ˵رľ
վ¹ڣǰȡǿЯŵ壬ָĦ壬ָ⴫ĵůȴ޷ůģӢû¶ȺһԲվ¹ڣǰãá
ֱˣת뿪
ϿһĻգ̾˿һԼûʵֵһգһηֱԶ롣
˺ÿһ꣬ݶǰ˵¹ڣǰˡ
֮ϡ
Ժôʵ
ħᱻѹħᱻݴأӴ˲ħŰֺ֮ࡣﴫ˵Ϥŵ˶õҸ
ֻ㡣
˱á˵
㱼䣬ƺһϤ̾Ϣ
ȻһѣδոоԼʶ룬תƼ䣬ٻعۣѻصϤİ¹Ժǰ
һۣ㷢˶ڶ
һϧۡĸĿ⿴ÿ϶ŷ·ʿһ㱯׳ɫ
ա
ˣ֪ʲô
ղ֪¹ԺǰȺֻǰΪֹĶصˡ
֪֮ճһ̫ˣ
ЩЩһѾ裬ܸо˭΢Сȵڻû˿ʵ̫ˡ
Ȼܸое΢أ
ǧﱼսնħһ˼壬һȡ壬нȼҡдϤĳʥ˵Ļϡ
յĳνҡ
лҪ˵ʥ˻չǻƴ
ʥ½տȾѪյѪĽ
⽣ݻյ
գܸоڹϷҵ
ʥˡʥ½տ⽣棺Ҽ̳ˡŲ
мǸ롣
ħСħǲӵ
ҡ


91 
, ԣιƽ, ΪΪι֮, ɪơޡ
ʥ˵У˽, ûյ, ǵȻģҲΪιϸϵ, ıԳǸ֮ˡ
ǺӻϤĽ̵֮õɽǲܳΪģһ˵Ծδʲô, ߵʲô
յĵΪ
ÿһĽ볯ãι
, ǺӣʦΪɷѿǰȥ¹Ժ, ȥŵĽ֮
Ǻ˵ĸĽȥ¹ԺУǰȥ֮ʸ񡣡
ŵĽ֮迼У黭, 㵱ıһض, ԲŻȥ¹Ժа, ȥǺ˵ĪԶۣԽ, ĻԵ
ԳĬԭߵǰΪΪǰȥ¹ԺˣǡԺٰŽ֮Բ˳Ʋ룬ʦһʼǴǰȥ֮ȥ¹Ժ߿ҵˮƽӦԡ
ǣΪҪǰȥ֮ʦ֪Ҳ̧ͨʵ֪ѡԼζʲô֮վ֪ܱѡϡ
ΪϰǺĿ⿴˵Ϊʦܣ޷⿪ĽᣬŽ֮ĵ߹ԣǳʥµһû̫þֱָܹߵıģ֮һ쳾ġ
۽˺ͿĽָ򣬻ȺóǺӽȥ¹Ժԭ򡣰¹ԺصĳʥǸ̫þ޽
ǰ¹ԺײϿŴ̫þҲǡʱ򣬸պøһνĸ档ÿһεĽ뾭ʥ˵׿ϿɣرǿľѡߵԺƷԣ̫þĺ쳾Уֱָġ
ǺӻɽûϵվȻᴥһԶŵļ䣬볤ʥˡ⽣桢ʥħһͬǶԶʱħŰʷ
ʥиǧ磬ʦô˷ǾϵʥǣǺ̾˿ԴҶ˵Ҳ֪Ǹǻ

صǰ¹Ժ
رˢˣ֮ʦλƺʦ㲻Ըĸʦ֣Լһλʦ֡
һ̫þģʱǰЩİ¹ԺĵһĿ⸴ӶĿƺʮֵ΢ӡ
ȥ²ʲôߵһԣվԶԹ۵¬װֹԣʵʦʲôƺţ
ҲǷų֪֮ģԭÿһԵˣõʥĳƺţƩյıǡҡͬʱһ΢飬ǾҲܴɽǷķĸϰǵû취ߵһء
ԭ¬װʱϱ黹ʮֵ΢ӣֻ㱵ķ·𿴱׳ʿп飬ôһʣһȻܿ췴Ӧ˵󡣡
ԣնʱüֿɲѰܵ𰡡
ϵɫ¬װ͵ʦ̫þԹĹ
ԹǺӰټļԪһħݴ֮徭ܳһηϢʱ䣬Ȼ˷ʢӰټԪʥ壬̻塣ħԪ໥ĳǳؼҲʼս̲ͳһһ֮ıԵļԪ
Ȼأʵʾ˵
¬װϵıһ¾΢ð֮󣬲鸴˵ʦԹŮݵλΪŮΪ֮ԹΪιĸʩԹﵽʢ壬Ϊһ͵Ů
ɪôŪЩԸͼݺ̤ãôŪЩλ˳λΪŮôЩ͵Ĺ١Щײе飬Ͳˡ
Ժһı飬ԭˡ
¶ɪݰ˲²⣬ֿɷһܹܹ̫þﴥԹŮݵʦֻ߲͡
λʦأֺʵ
ûλʦֶʦ߲̬ȣʦʦһͬ˽˽Ǿ֡
õĳƺı¬װ˵ʦִսԺڵǶʱڣ³һλı³ư¡
Ȼ³ȫܿ˾ǣȴʧȨ
˵գ¬װĿ⿴ǰɫ˼һֹۣջ˵˴ӰټļԪսԣΨһ˴ԶħŰԪ
δ˵ǣҲֻһʥͬУһֹһʥˡֻŵʥ¼ţȴδı档ǵĺ쳾ʥ˵Ĵֻһ֡
ȴʵʵʥͬУֹͬУͬͬסˡ
һԣ̫þ޷ʥ˱ģΪʥи£κκйصܹ֪ԣһԵüʥˡ
뵽¬װɵص̾һ°ʦҲû˭ˡ
Ҳ֪δμԪʷѲϲʲôʥйصĻԵɣ¬װɻ
Զ
ǰۿ˴Ž֮ǣڵ̸š
˲Ǳ̭ôƲ֣λһʼܹ̭֣ΪһɽɵĽ޲ŵĽޣ˿ȴɫѼ״ʱɻ˵óԸˣ
Զʱ̾˵ǶɽɵĽȴҪǰŵʢ£ʮֲ
ûʵĺܡ˵Ȼ̾һҶĹˣˣ֮ˣȴӵ֮꣬˫ǻ۴˿κһޣҪȾ޸Ϊɫ
ʥˣΪҡλ޼˵ĻԳΪŵĽ
ԣ˶ʱȻ
Լλѣɵ¶Цݣû뵽һվ˵һ
ʵѵáп˵
λִֹŰ壬϶ô˵ϸģͷţһִû뵽˸Ĺ۵һ졣
λԶʱߵʥ˶˵ˣѵһʥ˵Ļ
޵ĿУʥ˵ĻǱ޿ɵʥԡ
Ҳ˵أгʥ˱ҵӮ޵غͺøУиɵĺøжȼĻŵĺøжȱȻ𾴣
գе΢أܸоϸ׵
պ¬װ˵ɪ͸ʱ򣬺һŵȻ֪Ϊβң
պ¬װԶʱ̧ͷȥֻ֪ʱɪǰ


͵͵˵ˣɫֱܾץĸо
ⲻûü𡣡ڨڨ˵
¬װֱӱŵûˣ˵Ҷ
û̫þʦôɴԵЩ˵ģ


92 
ɪһǶϵɫ, Цһ²֮˵Һ͸ֻҲ˳, Ҳѡ
ա
¬װ
⻹ûʲô
տɪɫ, Ȼ֪ɪ͸ƵʲôʲôԹ, Ǽɪһ̸, Ҳδٿڶʡ
߰ɡɪ˵յıȶѾ, ֪¹мҲľ¥
ԶʱЦ, УǱȥףһ
ף£ɪü˵
ףʦ˵
ɪЦʦˡ
Ա߱˸׵¬װ˵Ĺ£ȴӵ
·𲻴һֹ
аɣҲˡ
Ȼһ˱ɽȥ˰¹ǣҹ񻶡, ʵֻǷݺȾƣҪպɪ˺ȵö࣬һֱĬͷ, һйζС
¬װֹˣҲҶʣֻӣһźˡ֪࣬ʱʲôҲ˵, Ⱦˣ
Ϊҹȵ̫Ժʱ䣬ֻҹڳС
ڰ¹סһޣڶٻȥԺ
ҹպɪͬסһݡ
˺²ڴϣ˶Ǳֱţֹؾصķԡ
۾ͷľ壬ĺãоеţ⻹һκͬޣȻ׵ʦ㣬Ǹоýţ
ðʦ㣬ؾһڴϣֶҷš
ۡ˯Եɪ۵һЦʦܽ𣿡
ҲûСոԼǲ̫Ӧɣһֱһ˯ͻȻһ϶᲻ϰߵİ
дʵһŬȥӦġ
ɪЦݸˣڹ߻谵ϵɫһǰδеͣӴ¹ŵϣ·һ⣬㲻ǺҺ͸֮𣿡
һֱ˳ңΪ⣬һӡɪƽ赭дĶһ㡢סը
ԶʱˣתͷĿ⿴ֻɪϵɫƽûһ˿Ĳݣ·˵Ų˵һ㣬ͬ˵˲
Ҳµˣԣǹաɪ˵Գ֮Ů֮
ʳʹӳȺţ󲻿ԡһƽ޲Ľ̵˵ֻһ㻪¶ѣȥ㿴ƻʵһĲֵ֮ʣµĲֻһܰˡ
ܿκˣûں˭ʲôӣʲôֻҪɡɪ˵ÿһԳδѾˣǼ޸سӵܣǻȨĹ߶ѡ
ܣߣߡ侲ĳǹ֮ÿһѲӣǱһϦΪ֮ˣӸ߸Ϲ󲻿ԵĹɽǱϼѡǱĶɱ
岻ҪĹûֵ޿õĹûдڵıҪɪ˵ĿҵĳΪѡ˷Ӷһƶɱ

հ˵ûгԴҲֻѡ
Ҷڹİų޷˵ĺǱƣʹĶƣȴ¶˳Цݡɪ˵ҵһμϵЦݣЦݡ
ʱұ㰵¾ģҪӡתͷգŽ׵¶ЦݣԻͻĻʹڣҪһˣҪֻ˳ӵūͰˡ
ΪˣΪܺ͹ߣʹñեȻٱĶվڸ߸ߵĹǽԶ磬ôģεģɪ˵ұˣȥǽ硣
뵱ҿ޴ɪЦһ˵ģץסˡ
ʺֳǴŭԭǴسңѱңɱҡǵҹǡ깬ɽɽ֮󣬱Ҵʹ̵ҡɪ¶˻ɫֱ޷ǣʱɽʱ˫ǰݵɫŸʺֳ˵
Сӣ罫ҽ̻ұؽ̵Ϊһ㸻вһɽԵ
ΪķѶŭԶʱϲǸѵλʥõĻᣬܽ˻¹ԺĹϵλʥһãʵǧѷĺûᡣ
תŭΪϲȻӦ
ҹɽӰٰҹ޹ڣִȥҹٵĹ뿪ûʵĹ
ٺλȥĹδȥ»
ڻƽ߹һɳȥ磬ŵ˷ζˮζķҷɵζ
Ӵ֮δȥǸƽ
ȥǸ
ɪҰĺͼڰ¹Ժϵļȡ׳Իʹһһεٻ

ʼգնǰġĬɪ˵һϸߡ
Ҵӵһۼʱ򣬾ϲ㡣ɪתͷӯӯٵˮ⿴ȴϲҳ㣬ھеҵп
һķѣ񡣡
˵ʱұˣҪѡ
ҾһΪܺõѡɪ΢Ц˵ǹ¸ߵսʿżҲϣܹõԲ֮ɰӥĴࡣ
֮룬ȻĿ⿴˵Уɵӥ
¸ߵսʿʺ㡣˵ɰڲ֮ϣ޾ӥ㡣
ɪĿⶨĿ죬֮Цһǣϲ㰡
ΪԲϲ㰡
ĽյɺҰԣ޾ɪ֪޷ΪˣΪ޷ԲŸӵĿǿĽԼ޷õĶΪԶ޷ȱԽԵ
ںܾǰұ˳ΪӥѡΪսʿɪ˵ִɲñ۶ǻƽҲ
ܸΪ˶ս
еȼȻ棬ٴλصʱ˺ʱ
¶ľġɪ̧ĿܶʦãԸң
Ŀ⿴֣سŵȻʦҪңұظǡ
ŵɪ϶ʱչգЦ绨֮ɫסյ֣ŵඨ㡣

պɪͬʱ߳¥
¥£һƣ֮ɫ¬װĬԵֹһ¥ǰ
պɪ˹ȥǵ¬װ̧ɫĿһۣȻ˵ҽӵɽš
ɽ˵
գգ۾ʵ˵ʲô
¬װһۣޱѧɽ˵ҹޣٻ췣
ա


93 
¬װޱ, һֺ˵ˡ
ա
һŵı˵ǲݼ𣿡
żٵҹҹɽǴĹܵĺܿĲĵϸ
¬װһֵۣ˵ģǲԺֻҪԺ͹ɽܡ
ա
޹ܵôǽ޿ɲ, ֻҪʦŲܡ
ô죿ɵ˵
ôô졣¬װһʹ˵ȥɽϴ, 
ô󷨣ʵ
һ˵ǳһٱ, һǧ, ɽ顣¬װ˵
ա
˵֮Ѿ, ҪһǾ췵ɽɰɡ
ֻҪܵÿ죬׷ң
¬װԶʱĿֵĿ, ʵô뷨ѧ֪֪
㻹µѧҪأ˵ܻɽɣȥĺ, ɽܰѧʱɾͲǳôˡ¬װ˵
ա
ô£ôϽ
Ŀ⿴һԱŵɫ侲ֹ溬΢Цɪɵ˵ʦ, ʦǶĵ𣿡
кκõģɪ̧ͷĿ⿴, ΢Ц˵ǳѣó
ֹҲͷ˵飬򵥡
ա
תͷԵ¬װһ޿ı, ʱοˣһ˵⣬̫̬
ѾҪܷˣ硭ƹ飬˵һȥɣбɽǰ
б±Ʊƣбץǰ
ԣ¬װʱ̧ͷĿⶢһһѾı飬𣿡
Ȼ˵ǰδе档
¬װ
һԵɪ΢΢һЦ˵ⲻͦõģˣʹ졣
¬װ
ʹ죬Ȼİ
ʦ̫ƫˣ֪ʦã¬װ³ʹţûˡתͷԱߵֹͼõ֧֣ȴֹֻһ̫޹صı顣
¬װ
һƱȨһƱԣƱͬ
աɪ¬װɹһʱ䡣
аɡ죬¬װĨ˰Ա˵ôˣ
ȥ䣿΢Ц˵ϴɽĻˣȥûµġ
¬װ
ʦ
һ˱ȥ黭һ֣ĽǼꡣ
ϰǽӭȥʵλʲô󰡡
տ˵µɽĻ
ѽɣûСϰ˵
ԣղ˵ôûУɽѵǻһܻӭĻ𣿡
ÿ춼дɽı𣿡˵²ɰĪĸСճɽһǡܻӭǵı
ǰˡϰ˵ڻŻ𱬣ܻӭѾˡ
ա
Ȼǣ
˭ʵ˭ɽܻӭһǵı
ԣϰϵıʱϰڷǰǼ飬˵ܻӭõļҿ˶˵ãÿնϻҲǽ磬ϸյģȵȫˡ
ô
òǴİɣ
հŰɵĽӹϰƼļϻĻϸһ
ֻһдţԽԶżԪұʥˡ
볤ʥ˲ò˵Ĺ£Щħսа޽֯밮
Խҳʦүĳˡ
ʦͽҶԣһ٣
ȼգİʥְֽƹǻˡ


ա
Щʲô
յɫѸٵɰת࣬תڣһѪ˲ԣ޲еЩƻٵĻȫ˺ˣ
һɺԣŭ˭дģ˭ҥҪȥ
ϰԶʱͲˣ˭˵ģմˣ
˵ûҶأϰдʵúãܴһԭΪʵһʵĹ£
ա
ȥʵ
Աߵ¬װɫԣסȰ侲侲һƽϣҪġ
ϰֻҲ磬˵ˣ㲻ʲô֣֣ЩҲ޽磬ȫ޽硣޽ŵľ˺ͳʥˡʥ½տ⽣ħ֮Ĺϵħ浽ǲ뽫ռΪУʥ˶һ˵Ǻθ飬ʥ½տǲǶԹѵŮŲ⽣ǲǳͽ
Щ󲻵ֱ˶ϰ̾˵鰡ĥˡ
ա
侲侲һԵ¬װ˫ֶʹ˽קһƽϣϹ
ɲϹҪΪ߶ȵϹۣôûϳǰҲıٱŮе½Ůɽأ
Ǳ¬װקߵġ
¬װק֣ܴ̼һŭ֮꣬ǲȥˣòҲֵ֪ǰųĻȻ˺ͳʥˡʥ½տ⽣ħò˵Ĺ¡

Ȼһ֪¹ǵЩʿǸд֪ٶȾȻ֮죬ŵڶ죬˵ıӱѾˡ
󻰱ǣ˽£˲ʮֲڻ£ж־ж죡
˭˵¼˵۶ˣǴбŷأ
ȥ¬װҿ԰ɪֹʹɫʾҲȰһȰ
ֹ̧һۣȻŤͷû
¬װ
ɪǿȰһ䣬ʦҷſģ㿴ɽ֧𻰱İ첻Ҳûһ
˵գЦһպ󻰱һ죬͸ʦóˡ
ա
¬װ
㻹粻˵
¬װָɵˣ̫ˣ
ɪĻ֮һصɫð̧֮ͷĿĿ˵ʲô취Ծٱ𣿲ǵĵ꣬ЩлٵıӣܹЩ߶ץˣ
Сɪ˵
ԣ۾һæʵʦָ̣
ǰȥִþٱ֡ɪ˵
ӣսʮ㣬ȥ
˵գתֱִˡ
㲻СɪĿ⿴˵
ΪΣüͷʵ
϶ûϸЩɪ˵
һ㶼뿴գôȥ뿴ֻ˺飡
ɪŭɫ̾˿˵㿴ˣᷢУйڡ㡯Ϸȫǹʵģȥٱǣǲᱻġ
ΪǲδԴŪڮ㡣ɪ˵ٵˡ
˲鷳ǳʥ˻ǽʥ½տ⽣ݶ½Ѱ鷳ΪһС£Ⱥ˱޿֡
ħǸˣ֪ӡɽͷأ
ɪԸдУһףܶ˶ֻܳƿƩɽܹȥЩдĻΪǲʵģȴܲΪ
ܹöʥˡʥ½տ⽣ħȥٱЩʵ֤ʵǶ㲢ûлдǰУ˷ɲЩʵɪ˵
ա
ȥǣ
ԶʱˣһġȫǾУԶϽأ
һҲŰ
лҪ˵ղ֪ԶϽĳʥˡʥ½տ⽣һֱڰнϾΪĻ˭ࡣ
ӡħСħɲӵ


94 
ɪĻˣĵ㻹粻˵, ˵ܸҵ, ˵, ׵ľˡ
ܹϽĳʥˣǽʥ½տǱʦ⽣ݽܹ֪ӡɽͷħų, ȥ֤ٱЩʵǡǮߣ
Ҫ£ǻ½ȥϽ統ɿȥˣõ޽ġǿЦ
ɪɫ, ˵֪⸽мҲˮ, ҵˮĺܲҪҪȥԣ
΢΢Цϲġ
, պԥ˵Ҫ
Ƿʹ˿֣ں֣ܲҪܶĿ֣
ȥɣҴ·ɪ˵
һ˱ȥǼˮ, һҪһˮ¬װֹֻǳһڱӣڳһ֮۾ʱһϱ鶼, ֱ׵˵ɫ˲·ɢȥƼƵʲ񷡣
ȷ˵оĺĴ㣬Ҳǡãڹֵ塣
ǰ¬װ϶ʱ¶һѾı飬
⻹壿
˺
һڱ㲻볢Եڶڣʦ˵壿ζǲ⣿
¬װתͷԱߵɪͼʦѰͬУϲŭɫһᶼɫ侲ŵʦ㣬һһ׵ĺеˮһ棬յĻ֮󣬵ͷͬ˵ǳõһңǰ鲻ѵʱʱ
ԣͬ˵ûҸоõˣãܳԵôζĶ
¬װ
ô£
÷Ķóˣ
ҵ⻹ǡ
¬װתͷһߵֹֹֻѾӣһ̫ıĬٿһֹļûˮ϶ʱ¶οЦݣһ
Բǵ⣬Ůô£
ϲķĶ
գպɪһˮߵʱջҪһݴ׼ûȥҹԣ¬װֹǼû
¬װճһ뻹ϰҪһݴߣõĺϰˮ˶ǻģŮ̫ˣ̫ɲˣ
ǶôᣬǣǿŮޣƺǶ޷ֿһˮǰǶһģ
գ¬װóһۣʹ
ʱѵԺǣһˡ
ջȻ֪Եк¬װΪһˮ˺εȸӸпһˮɪţ߻ߺɪ˵Ѿϰˮȥƺѵӣȥ԰ʦ㡣
ɪȻͷá
¬װֹԸǶʱǲӵ
һˮյõһɨǰ죬϶ɵЦݣŲࡣ
Եɪ״ο뵽Ȼʦǰȷľ
ǣյ鲢ûкöãԭŲЦõǰţĽŲסǰĿⶸȻȻϵЦʧ
δӦ¬װ˿Ȼɫӣ»֣ҪʣȴĿⲻĿǰվŵĳˣͫҲ˲ܾϵЦ̡
һˣϵıͬˡ
ֻǰϣϦվŵˣֵɽ
ɽƺһȴõģڿǵʱ¶΢Цһº͵ĵ΢Ц
ЦյУȴǲ⣡
һڱӴסˡΣЦݡ
ա
ô
ôúôԺɽô
Ѳɻǵģ
˭˵ɽɽˣԷ˵ģޱ˵ⲻ
û˵¬װ
ֹҲҡҡͷδ˵
ɪ΢Цԡ
ա
Ѳǹ˵ģ
ȵȡ
ͻȻʶʲô
ѵ˵𣡡Աߵ¬װ˵ķҪܷˣһ쵽ٻȥɽбǰ
¬װĿǴĿ㲻ֹ˵ˣرŵ˵ˣ
ա
ϵıʱѣ񡢵ȷ˵û
ԭ𣿡ɵô𣿡
¬װͷ˵ǣôţ
ҲΪ̫⵽˱Ӧѵɽһ˵ɽȻɽΪ˴ҹ޻Ų֪ڸĵѧ
ռԶǰɽƺ¬װԣϱһȻ¶˼ЦݣĿ⿴նЦݸˣҲζˡ
ա
˵ûСһķԴǵҴδ˵ȻҶɽмӣ˵˵ȴ治·ϵĻ
˵գŤͷĿǴĿ˵㲻ΪҪӱΣſڿӣУң
¬װ
¬װԶʱһ𾪵ı鿴۵ţ㾹ȻˣΪƲԼȻϧ˦޹Сͬ飬⵽ʲôͬ飡
оԼܵ˺¬װźʡ
ոɴŤͷûϵı飬ǰʲôǼٵģֻģԲס˴ֵܣ㰲ĵȥɣһúõĻŵġ
Ȼĺ뵱ûǰõɽµתȾܣɽ΢ЦĿע£ȴ޷Ų˫ȡð֮󣬲ֻûķ·ţһ㣬һŲȥ
ǵΪٶ۵׵ɽҲδߴǣĿ⺬ЦŶݵĿǡ
Ǵʱ˿źͿݸ١
ĵͷӻĺܣ
տ°һ䣬ǵͶأ
ٲʲԸߵ·Ҳʼջꡣ
ɽǰȻͣ£ǰЦºͶݵעǵɽظһдʳУǰɽﴽһЦͬԹ̵ˮһ㣬ɽĿɣ
ԭǻȥأǸˮ
ɽԣĿ⿴貵ЦգȪºһָоͷ·ǵһˮһ㡣
ʱЦˣǰ˵ţǲ
ȷ𡣡
ʱɽΪγʥ˶࿴ֹʥ½տ⽣ݣħԭѩɽ֮
Ϊȷ
𣿡ɽȤʵ
ǡ治ɫ˵ǻ¸
գ۾˵ԣܷڻ¸ķأ
ɽɫЦݸˣ΢Цº͵˵С
νһˡ
ģ޻תصľܾˡ
ա
ϵıҲȻˣޱջԼˮʳУˣһԼ԰ɡ
ûˡ
лҪ˵ɽ˵ɽ˵ˡ
գ


95 
ɽȴֹˮʳյ, Цº˵ҵ, ҵ, ûȥ֮
ޣòҪ
°һ, һޱ˵㲻Ǿܾ𣿡
˵ǻ¸, Ҫ±ζŽҵĻ¸
, ɽЦݸ˵, ˵ܴᴦ, ǡ
һ, üıʱһǰϺյЦݣֲõԤС
̸ۡһٱ, һǧ顣ɽ΢Ц˵˿ѡ񡣡
ա
в
ϼһȻв̫ˣ
ڳԺڰ
ǰĿ⺬Цעɽ, յ˲ˣòҪգֻýջˮʳֽ˳ȥ, Ͽķڷ˵ȲãȲá
۲Ҫ, ӦǾ仰˲Ҫ޵С
ɽӹеˮӣõԵ, ѵÿݵ˵ٳһɡ
˵գĿɨһվŵɪ¬װֹˣ˻һٱ顣
ա
ԣˣô˺޳֮ˣ
ҪһҪһٱ鰡
Ǻǣװ˷һ̵ˮ֪ιι˶ԣ
վԵ¬װʱ¶ı飬ҪɽĴŹ㣬ܵģġ
ɽǰɫ˲ͬգǲɵ£ɫ¶õЦݣˮƵı׼뿪˲ǵЩȥҹޣһǧ顣
ա
ĺúڰ
ɽôһҲûˣȥ˼ˣȵķ˰¹Ժ
ǳһ
ڲ¥ƹɹһҹ
ӡ̡

֮ա
ɪơվ˾̨ϣȴžĿ
һΣԹߵ¬װֹվ·Ŀǰɫƽ侲ɪ
֮⣬޽ظΧ۴˵ʢµʿԼ¹Ժĵվ·ͬĿ⿴ǰˡ
ȴһӺһϮº͵ɽ˳ϣͣɪƺǰĿǣȶ֮λһ飬γǡ
ǽǩǳѡǽҪǰĳǳأθóǳصһ³óǡһ֮󣬽һµɹԴߡɽ˵
ĻµʿʱһȻһεĽ֮Ȼǳؿ𣿡
ϿѶǲˣ
֪ǳء


Ҳ¶棬⻹һμºŵľʽǴɱɱ򵥴ֱĽ޲һǼֱ̫ˣһ֮ˡ
վϷɪƺž֮⣬ɫ졣
ɪǸȴģ־ʤȯգ˼
ǵɫ۵ףɽǳطֱǽǣƳǣǡ
ǳһʱһȻ
ȻǳأεĿⲻһѰ
һ˼޴֣ѣ̫ˣ
İɣǳء
ǳ޽ǳѸ㣬ǰǰ֪˶γˣ¹Ժǳ֮ľ⣬˵ǹ˭š
ն£ҰȻ㿴ɽ溬΢ЦҲʲôħǰɪơ˵ڴ˴ǰеΣգǿɴǰȥ
һʱڣѡİ֡ɽ
ա
վ·һʺŵ±Ϸ˵ⷬɽܴǲ˵ٵͷ˵һʱ䣡ⲻǰ˹Ϊ
ʱʼɽºѵ
ɪԥת·ȥ
Ȼվ·ձĿ棬״»£ѡ𣿿ʲôᰡ˴ܣǳʲôģһϲͨ
Ӧòɡ
˵ȻͿɪǰͣˡ
ա
ǰ
ʦáɪĿ⿴ﺬЦ˵ҹ˵Ļ㲻
Ȼġպԥ˵Ҵԡ
ɪЦҵĶԲԣ
ˮˮ籦ʯԡ
Ȼû˿ĳ˵ֻɱˡɪʵҲ𣿡
㹻ˡɪ˵Ŀ⺬ЦעԺҵȫͽˡ
Ժԥ˵ģ˿ԽҵĽ˺㣡
˵⻰ʱеķâͬһʵĺɭȴɿ
ɱǱġ
ȴҲůġ
ɪЦһðұĵĽҽˣʦҪҰ
Ȼ
ɪѡĵһգ˵֮תԱߵ¬װ¬ʦܣԸһ֮
էȻʵ¬װ¶Ŀ˵Ҳܰæ𣿡
Ȼɪ˵¬װЦһ¬ʦɱСԼǺİ
ܰϴæҵļƻûɲɪΡ
¬װ¶ɣɫԥɪҲûߴĵĵȴĻش
ð֮¶˾İ̧ͷǰɪ˵ȻʦõҵĵطǱǣ
ɪԶʱЦãʦûᱣǵİȫ
һԵʱĵͷ˵ţҾ˶һëġ
ѡʣһ
ɪԥĳԱɫ̫һ֮޹صֹȥʦܡֹͣǰе
ֹĵĻع˽࣬ɻ󣬡
ʦܣԸңɪ˵
ֹԲδشĿɻֹŹֵĿǷѽɻ
һԵ¬װɵ²۵ܰʲôæ⸱Ӵ򲻳ƨƺ«УʲôãҶء
˵գֹһ䣬ԭΪʦѡҰæѾˣиֵġ
ѵõıֹ̭ûзֻĿɻ󲻽Ŀǰɪ
ɪͬº˵ʦҼƻвɻȱҪ
¬װ
ʦ⵽ʲôƻȻõҺֹ˻һǴķˡ
Աߵ˼ֻɱɱѵɪȥڵ𣿻᲻̫СˣʵǿԸ㰵ɱ԰ѺʦԵвŰܣ
ɪ
ллˣʦĲʡԼǲ˼̫ΣЩ
вŰֱ̫ˣȦ׷λϲߡ
ֹĿⶨĿǰɪ֮󣬲Żͷ˵á
ԣɪ϶ʱ¶Цݣ˴ơ
ǰա¬װֹ˱ȫˡ
ɪһֵˣΪûκ˼ԥıѡա¬װֹˣ׾ٲʲôı˵ǡ
˻ص˼˼ѡ˭֣ޣÿһΪҪǳһʺϵİҲͬǻδȥ
ѡٳǩȥǳؼֱ̫ˡ
ƺޣµʿǶ°̵ģ϶ǹģ
塣
գʱֹǰλƺѡǵİ֡
ɪѡ֮˰ƺڶĿһ²ʧǵı鿴ѡĶʲôˣ
һͷԵУ˵໭һǴķȨ
ֱ¶֮ɫЦһ鲻мˡ
˵ɺͲ²⣬ɪɫ̹ȻƽΪ
ɽĿ⿴ʵȷѡΪ֡
ȷɪԥ˵
ɽ΢΢һЦ˵ɡ
Ǳǩɡ
ǣɪ͸ơ˱γǩ
ɪǵһǰǩģǩͲֻǩһ֧û˿ĳԥ
ǩһǩϵС֣϶ʱ¶Цݡ
ҡ
ɽӹǩۣȻǡ
˶һʱһȻ
ȻǩɪðǸطײ˰ǹҲˡ
õĶ飬õǩҩϢ
ǣĿֻԽԽ
׳ǣײеѶȻ죬ײΣѸǡ
վɪСֶеԭֹ̫ǵʱһ˲عϱ鶯˶


96 
ǩĽȫ, ɪ, Ƴ˽, ޳Ƴǡ
ɪ, ׼ȷ˵ѡա¬װֹΪֵʱѾ¹Ժǰж, עʧ˲ܷ, ˶ע͹ע˸ƺ޵, ²Ƕ˭пʤΪν
ҾøƸгǸı, ѷһ
ƵĻ, ȷ˳Ǹɲ⣬Ϊ֡
Զơ


ǫѷº͵, ˸ÿǸֶɲıԹĸƣۼһ浹ڸơ
һʱ䣬Ʒͷ
嶤ϵνˡ
ڴ˵, ȻӼǱɪա¬װԼֹ͵ĳ뿪˰¹Ժ˳ǳȥ
ǰǵ·, ɪյ˽ǵǵش֮ԹűǸ֮, شﲩ಻ΪϹʱǸ޾ۼ, Ľͨ
׽ȥͷҲǸΪյĳǳأؾɣص̾ᣬ֦ҶïƴԺɪ˵ǵ˱ɽ֮У棬ǲ罻ٹ̵ıΰѳǡ
ҲǼΪֵĵطڣǳڱ̫棬˳ڻʳǲǰϽǳأÿһεĳǵĿܣʵȨ޷俹⣬˳ӵĿܱల£ǲ˳˹λûɪ˵
ԣ̾˵ⲻʵ𣿡
ɪЦһͬ˵ɲʵۡ
ѾǸ裬ʵȨĿܡ
ֱǵģʽ
ϣĿ⿴ǰƬ鵾أǰɳ۶ΪǵϰԣԸԸģǵĽͨܲֻܴ͵ڵĳǳأȻٴӸڳǳʹǰ
ܸܵǵķպͶĲѺá
¬װֹǰԦΪĲƥͷޣײе޵Ǳѱճ˴ޡ
˵˼Ԧʵ¬װһֹһĻ̫ı飬ûнġ
¬װҲָɶĻ˵ȻǷֹһ
ˡ
ֹس
ôէȻ¬װԵ
ֹ˵ˣߣһߡ
ԣ¬װ˵ûǰյͼߵġ
Ǿǵͼˡֹƶ˵
¬װ
Ȼ˸˵ͼˣѵ㻹ܱȵͼʶ·
¬װʶϰԵһ䣬ǻδڣġɪؿڵ
¬װ
ʦĪҲɵˣ
ʱҲʶʲôʦ𣿡ʵ
šֹӦĵĿ˵˾䳤ˡ
桪
Զʱ¶˾ȵɫȻ˵ȫ֪ء
⻹һֹ˵Լ飬û뵽ֹȻǳĵط
ʲôڼԦ¬װֱӾŤͷɫѵĬֹʵδ˵
ûҡֹ˵
¬װ
⻹Ҫʵ
ѵǸ𣿡¬װ˵
ûҪֹĮĿ˵˵飬ȴһ²ؼĮν
ʱѾ²ˣһ£ջǿʵʦֽ˵˵ǵ𣿡
ԣֹȻ˵ûʲô˵ģȤ
ա
ʦֵķûˡ
ʱɪ˵˵ɣȻܱǸʦȻ֪ȴ֪ˡ
Ƿҽʵ
Ҫ˵˵ֹɫɻǰĮȻһĵģʲô˵顣
õӦʣɪ㿪ڵֹȷǣǰ˴ϣеڶ


һʱ䣬պ¬װϢһ£ŤͷԱߵֹһĮ̫鲻״̬ģɵĵɰȫʦ/ֹһȻǴĹӣ
ʦ㣡պʶʲôʵòѡʦֵԭɣ
ɪͷ˵ȷˡ
ʱʦ㻹δǩտͲû𣿡
ɪЦڶġ
ˣһʻ˵
ûأʵ
ûǡɪ΢΢һЦⲻ𣿡
ա
ɪһЦݣҲ˵ҡ
޻ǸƶǼ֮ʵҲûбʤİգΪܹӮҲòţѡʦܱڶģǳһöţûСɪЦⲻûв𣿡
ԣĿ⿴ð˵ʦҾķһ㶼ҡ
˷ģǣȫûʦ侲ŵ¾˷עһûǣֹһ塣


97 
֮ǰ, ͬɪ¬װֹϵǡ
֮, ¬װ·˳ڵλ, Ȼֱ
֮
ռ˴, ̧ͷĿ⿴ǰĳֻžɶ, ǽ, ǰʨʯ, ȻŴȴʮ־ʽ, ڴϷϽҶ, ĽᶼЩɫȴδ޲һ֪еɻֺһ֮ĸۡȻͬ
һǰ֮, ձջĿ⣬´ˣǵĳҪеĸΪѡ˵֮ǰ׼, ǵĳõҪԤĸΪá
ΪչʾȨ͵λĳһưݵģ, ĵλȨɴ˿ɼ
ôһŵ˶ûУ¬װ̧ͷǰţǳģȴδͨ, ֹһأ
µǿ, ȻţǱ㲻صͨˣֱӽȥɡ
ʦԡɪ״Ӧ
Ȼһ˱ֱӳǰͨûκĽ˳֮û˿
˳֮
ۣеҪưܰ¬װĿ⿴ŸڿտҲյģζˣֻʣһټյĴõĳۡһ̾˵𣿡ɻ

һϵ˶ʱһæ̧ͷȥֻúһŻɫ۵˴˳ͷӣȴ˿ǣĿ⿴ǰվŵȲžµһˣ˵ҲѾûʲô͵ˣܰߵ类ˡ
Ӳ⣬类ռΪС˵
ռԣʱ
ջɪʵǷ˺£
ĿĵؿһۣȻʵ֮˭ĳ
֪¬װʵô֪ĳ
һ֪˭ֻǰһ˵ĳأ˵
¬װ
ôң
˶棬ǰγôûôңҶ˰ˣȵȡͻȻһҪ⣬ǰγ𣿡ʵһǰһԲϾ͸ǻµײ磬ǰγпܡ
Ŀ⿴˵ǲͻˡ
ա
ɻĿ£Ƶļ˵лǣ챻֮ǰ̯̯ӡ
˵Ļ¶ʱһһֲõԤСҵǣÿֲõԤж档
볤ֱԸ֪˵
̾˿ȻŶ˵ǳ
ǡ˵
˭ǳֻͳ˵˵
ɪվ˵ǡ
˿һۣȻ˵ǳϾҪծЩ˱㽻Ӧ˼ʹϸ첲ȵľڡ
ա
Զʱʺţծʲôծ
˼һɻ󲻽⡢ɫĸǽ͵ǰγǷ˳а˴干ʮƷʯĶˣܰߵҲˣʹɢѰҳ·ֻ˥Ϲܼ޴ȥյĳۡ
˵գ̾˿пû뵽һܵεĳ
ա
¬װ
ӣֹǸӣǸӰ
պ¬װ˵Ļˣһ
ʮʯôǷġʵȥҲǷ֮ɣ
˵ǰγһǰ˴һʯа޽Ͼʯڱʮڡ
һʼ˶٣ʵ
һǧ򡣡˵
ա
һǧʯһʮʯ
˼ѧе㲻ãǶţ·ȣĸײУ
ǰγʯ챻ˣһ˵εĳҪ֣˵ˡ˵˸ǳıɵһͷҲصķˡ
ա
⡭
ҪǷʮھ޿ҪǮҲܸ˵ˣծȫˡ
ˡϹܼҿǼˣ˵Զ糾ͣδԡţȥ׼
˵ձתƵˣȥ׼ϴӷϯ
տ뿪ӰҪֹȴֲĴһпʵĳ׼ӷ
ɡ
뿪֮ա¬װֹɪ˴һ飬¡
¬װһıʾʮʯȥŪʮڣ
һѽı鿴˵ΪʲôҪʮʯ
ֵܣô£
¬װԱ˵Ƿа˴ʮʯ𣿡
㣬ʯ˭ģտ˵
¬װ˵
ĸʵ
ǰγ¬װ˵
ǾˡȻ˵ǰγǷʯƾʲôҪ˭ƾ½ģ˭𣿡
˰¬װ˵
ǹʲô飿շʵ¬װϵɫʱɸ˵ǲɵǮֲǽģǻʲô˭˭ҪȥˣҲ޹ذ
Ƿǩְӡֲǣ˵˭ģ˭дĽ˭ǩ֣˭ӡ˭ȥ
¬װ
¬װͣһĿɿڴ𾪱飬Ȼ
ϸ룬Ҳȷʦ˵ĺеӡ¬װ˵ˣһʼеǰγǮ뷨ˣǡֳ˵ǽǰγ³Ҫǻô죿
ôô죬Ǿ仰˭˭˵ȻЦһִԲ򣬾壬Ǿݹ顣
պ̫þã˿һҽ˵
¬װ
ˣҲǸײеĻ
¬װǰЦɱȻգ̫þնħй϶˵ɱʱһĵծʱĻ治֪˭
һͬЩծˡϣʶȤ㡣
״㣡
ʦÿɵ治ǰԭʦõĽʮֿˣ־̫þﳤʥ˺ͽʥ½տԽ̵Ľ״ﵽ־֪ǵܹħսսɱħй϶ˣħŷɥ֪ײУ
¬װɵ̾һǸЩùծ̾ǰǵһ
ɪյһ̧֮˼¶Цݣ˵ǾͰʦˡ
ʦǽѡɪЦ˵
ԵӦû⣬ϡ
ұ֤ôģôȥ˵
ȵȡ¬װԣĿ⿴Ƕˣʦ㻹
ʱ򣬺ǰһɧ
أӹһ쳹ۡ


98 
洫ɧ, յͣ˽̸, һü˵˵ʲôʲô
ڴ˵, ȥǴߡǰɪ¬װ˵Ȼὣתȥˡ
ɪӦ, ȥء
¬װ
Ⱥծ²Ҫ޻ء
ֹɳС
ԥ, ¬װǸ˳ȥ, ʱʦûѳסɱģһˡ
Žȥ, һ, ԶԶر㿴ͥԺվһȺ߲Ƶʿǡ
, ȺʿҲʱһ£Ϊ׵λҳ۵ĿɵĿһеɱ, ŭתʵºˣ
ɱ, Ŀ俴, ³ֵƨ¡

ϵɫȻ仯, Ŀ˲â¶ٸ˵ܸºҲ뿪Ҫҵ¡
ԣնʱЦһ, ţǴ֮ˡ
üͷøȻ֪ǻٱܿ
ܿĿ⿴ЦˣŶ޵һ˲ŵɽ軨ȾɫɷǸñܿñܿǣҡ
ɫ˲ȥĿⲻƶҪؼΪУ
֪
ҲҪ֪մĻͷ˵˵ϻνɣ

һĿⶢǰŭЦúúãһ죬ƽ֮ˡ
ֻ˵١ղͷôϻô࣬ǲˣ˾ٷϻֱϰɡ
걻˵߳ŭٶԣֱӰγĽ˸ǰ̶ֱȥ亮ǿ
ͥԺڵĲľԱ䣬һء
̧˽ǰһĽﬡһ
дĵĹͬԷˮһ㲻ѹ
ɫʱˣʶǰŮޱлҪΪǵ͹
ڿյһ֪λͲŮ޲ǣȻȴһΪˣ˵Ϊ츳Ǵɵ֮ӡ
ǡ
ҲûҪǣŻİ̬ͼáղܾʾãһ鵽ϡ߸ϵİʱܹãֱӱŭˣԥյս
λŮȻ츳Ϊˣǵ׻ᣬ͵ȷųڣǲԶ
ֻǽΪѣȴǶĽ𵤺ΪԸ´ࡣ
ŵ꣬ͱոĻˡ
У߲бܡ
ɫ˲ڳ¡
𣿡һϮգֳɱ׽¹˸ű亮⣬ĽֱָǰʺֻҪǰһ磬ʺ˲䱻̴
̧üӢͦĿȫ¶˳˿ɫѿڷĶǰգʡ
˵գĿֱֱĶ
ûռδش𣬲ͷ˵

ɫһ˲ȥѵҲ֪𣿡
ա
ǲë˻
ô
ֱӸЦˣ˵°ܽȷûʸ񡣡

ɫ˲ѿˣڷīˮĿһۣ˵ãܺã
Ȼ˺һܿյĽһתȥߣ˽е
һȺ˶ʱȥ
ͥԺ˲ֿˡ
գ
ʲô
ծôˣɶû˵ء
ɫЩɻ˵ô״򷢵𣿱еҪöԸңһΪԷѲЩ
˵գп˾䣬һʲôûأӢ֮ء
ΪûûֳԸ¬װ
˼Ϊʲôߣû
Ǳߵģ
ծˣͷߣɼĺˡ
˲ˡ˽תҲݣԷȥˡ
ܼҵĽӷҪ˰ɣ
֮
ɪ΢΢һЦ˵ʦˡ
Ҳջ˵
漴һЦ
һĲȣȻ󲿷ֶ֮ܲˣûƬ˿Ҳ޾ˡ
ծʮڣۡ˵ĳܹڳһϯ棬Ѿܸжˡ
ԭΪһ׶ûҲأ
ɪϹܼһͬţϹܼҼƴռƲҲ˳ˣһϯ
ǰծѾҴ˻ȥ˵ȻϹܼҵɷ֪ǵ׷ʲôǰγΪҪ˴һʾ޿
֮ǰϹܼһ죬ֻһѣǲö֪
ϹܼԶʱ̾˿Ȼ˵ǰǵ·ϣɿǴƬ
ȷյͷ˵
ΣϹܼʵ
·ĴƬһĹ͵鵾ųϲˣǴյһꡣ˵
ǰϹܼ˵ԴӰǰǰγ޽֮󣬳ʮĶĵر
ա
Կ
˭ܼǵðǰЩֻǴݲĻĵأϹܼ̾˿Ȼ󻺻˵ǰһ֣óʮĶݽߣûʮĶ˴ݲĻĵأʲôʲô
ũֲ鵾û԰Ϲܼ˵ûԣǻ굹Ƿ˴ļټǧ鵾
ʮĶȫ˴УũǵǩԼճζҪÿ깩Ǵ鵾ÿϽɸ˴鵾֮ũµĽ㹻ǿ±ϹܼҼ˵㵹Ҳٻȥ
ԴӰǰһ֣ﲻʳʲôʲôũûճɵϽɸ˴鵾ȴһ㶼٣λȥˣ˲òŮԼȥţϹܼ˵ǿǲҰʱǰΣаũ˲״ټ˰˴ǰ֮ͬ
գ˴ͬ޽һȫµ޽ʯݽÿ֧߶ϢʯϹܼ˵ǰγͬˡ
µ֮·鵾ٴһгźõķã϶¶ЦݡϹܼ¶˻ı飬ɵҲ΢Ц
ǣܿģ˴Ҫ˰ϹܼЦʧ˵ũտ಻ԣԭԼõϽɸ鵾Ҳ޷ɡû鵾ǲƸĳʱ׽⣬˴ǱʯÿµϢ
Ϲܼ̾˿ٺһǧʯʮʯ⻹ÿڳʯֻԽǷԽࡣ
һԶʱĬ
⡭¬װĿɿڴð˵ǰγǱ˰ɣ
˹ɣ
Ϲܼҿǣ̾˵ҲֳҲʵǱƵû취ˣŻȥ¹Ժȡ
Ϊǰγ޷ʮھծ⣬Գ¹Ժȣ¹Ժ⵱ǽ֮ĿˣֱɪС
¬װԶʱȻ˵ԭˡ
ֻҪǽʮծ⣬ǾͿ˰ɣ˷ܵ˵㲻ˣ
϶㡣տ˳ǣֻծ
ҡֵҾ⡣
¬װĿɻ
ջ˵֪֮ǰ㣬һ˿ܻΪʮծǿ⣬Ȼȥķרע⡣
ǣûȷ˵ָյǣγһµˡ
ɻǸǵ⣡ܽ
¬װ϶ʱɣ˵е
ǸǺãʵ
ȴδش⣬۾գգ¶ζЦݣ˵Ժ飬Ҹ֪⣬أ
ǻ᲻ϵ˵
˼ֱ׵⣬һ۾˿ƣΪֱ׸ָ˵ԲŻǿջ
Ϊһݾ
һܹٷƵĽݾ
˶нǼĴҡ
ǳࡢ㡢ĶĵĿ顣
лҪ˵ˣ֮ǰŵķȤ˶࣬͵˷ŷ⵱IFд
ûüģ
IFմԽլġ
ǴĻʳԶĴС㣬ĸţӭȢ˼ң˶һŮںӲùĸΪ̣׶ŲʣΨĸӲ̫ѹ
ĸãܿһӣҲòԼպ󡣶ĸΪĽҸ㣬ǳԼпɣʼı¡
ĸǧѡѡ¼ҵĴ󷿵ĵճɷ磬¼Ǵİңŷʫӧ֮塣ɷھҲв˸˿ò˰Ǽõģո߼ޡ
ĸ£ס
ڻ¼֮ǰӦƽĶС㻨֮ǰȥƽͻ磬һڹŮʫͻ;϶һ˶볡żȻײ¬װպӣʷҵǧ˪ǿϷ
վԶĿһĻޱ飬Ĭ֮ǰĸҪ£Ҫ£ҪȥĲҪ£
̣ܼȣ
Ǹ˳ŮΪ¼ڼĸǿűƢһ˳ҹգ˵ߣȥ¬װһ١
һٵ¬װ±ƣ˭ȻҴӣ
һЦľ㣡
ʱƽС㻨ǡôһڹŮ;˴ڹŮպ޹֮ıӣʱ
ڶ죬ԶС㱩ӵϢ
ԶŭΪ²˰ܻҷ磬һҹáӵҲŭţҪһǧԵ޹ʹҶǺε
ţɫ˵ҴΪô㵹ȥʹʲôʦ
ֱ׳ģ֪ԼҶʲôеһʱ
ԶĶС㣬յļóû˵ճ˽ӻһڳβһͬϸһշʲô
ȥʷҵǧ˪¡
˪µ֮Ůǵ˿ԱߵһۣȻС˵ұڻ԰żͻһʱ˼䣬СǺģϱӴӶ磬Ȼ󡭡Сؾ߳ŭӶ
˵˶ʱЦϷ㣬ΪΧųִ
˪ԣһɻ鿴˵Ӵδκ֮٣СΪҪѪˣ
Ϊ˪µĻհٿĪ磬޹ʴˡðӵĶС
һδƽһ¸Ϸ˴ֵ÷зԶСŹӵ֮Ҳţ˵ǧƢ̫ӺƣǲʣҪա
¸Ϸ̬ǿӲҪףĸ֮£ҲֻӦˡ
ֱ׵գ˱ϳ˾ֻһŮһȥƫԶ漮լݡ
Ǵһ֪ƫԶسǣԶأǵӵĳأν֮أȴ֪㣬ӵĳʣԵλἰĹȥ
Ǻ֮ݵλԽ֮磬濿ɽһз赲⣬˳ԺݵİĶݡ
ϰ˾ķʢͺ֮صĹĶԼŮ֮գͻȻְʵСسǰһʱЩ̫Ӧ
մŮ˺֮סԶںݵլһտĴլլֻۡĹܼزͳɨصԼֹ
ز趼ǴعصˣδΪӾĲܳС㣬ֹزĶӣչ˸׵뷨լ˳
Сİչ˺һӵӣ㡣
ڼ䣬Ҳ
ҲһլסһͯǼ򵥵Ϊ̫ÿˣ̬߻ǺСطܹְӵܡ
˼δἰݣҲöʣֻ˲²⡣дҶǸòɵĸ߻ӡջΪһ±㡣
ĳսڽܳԣǸʳһˣ˼ײˣ֮޿̾Լ³³ָָѾȥ³
ԶʱΪĸģĥһףʳ֮һνǾͨ͵յָѾȥһ±ˮ±һ㡣һ˱ǣŨܣ˴Ρ
յ±õʱڵͯţһӵ֦ͯǸĶ˵Ҽү⼸Ϊܺʳ񣬼δʳˣŵùƮ磬һʳȥ
ɫʱЩ΢˵Եǿԣֻǡ
ֻʲôͯʵ
ֻҹǰ߻ʵ޷ģ
ûʲôգʲôҲû˵ֻǶͯ˵һˣҸȥ
ͯһлȻʵı֦£תˡ
տһӵҶӻ̵ı֦ʱզ࣬λӹȻݲھ֦ϡһ˼ҳԲϣ붼ǹƷ˻ʹСҲֻоǶļȨá
±ˣһȥڹӣȻڶͯһϴɾӻһһСںڷϵ÷
֮ӸͯʱֳʳÿζһЩ°󺱼ˮ㣬չڹյĲĲԲȡ
֪дҶˣΪ岻ԻϼҺ塣
յᣬһСլӣסŵһķޡ
ɷǸˣŴһֻʥ顣ȫӣǸˣռòֻϧⶼæҪǮҪչɷŮ
ջϤΪŮΪҪʱŮլиտһŮӲףпбӡ
˵ŮԭҲǺݸ̵ŮΪĽɷĲŻ˽Ǽ˷ԲŮӱӰ̥˽ӼңĸԲڴ׶ûŮϾϵ
ԭԷΪŮʱߵǮӹпɣÿշ绨ѩ»Ụ̊ŮӵǮƻˣͷ׾ݣŮˣ𽥵ҲٺŮӵЭһǮҡ
˵̾пúһ˾ҪңԼʲôҲ֪飬飬ôҲûʲô
ԣһʱҲ֪˵ʲôá
𽥵ϰ˺̫ƽݵӣֱһº
Ҹӱˣݵһºձ֪ûǮˡ
ôܣŵĶǰ֪ͨûǮҪĹܼ˵
ܼһΪѵɫ˵ķǰ˵ǶԴСĳͷģÿֻʮΪ
ա
ʮһꣿ
ƨð
ܼزѿɫԥһȻ˵˻˵ȻСסլլÿµǮլάɵķҲɴС𡣡
ա
ȷˣǼĸҪ

˹գò취ı·ˣ򵥵˵취ӡ
ʲôأ


99 
̧, Ŀ⿴ǰɪ, ʵʦ
ԣɪ촽˵ʦö, мơ
˵öԡɫ˵µȷΪ˳ɲֻһµʱ䡣
һܵ٣ʱԶԶ, 顣ȴҪȿǵ񣬼֮顣ɪ˵նܿʮծŹ⣬ɪܿ
տ֮ǰ, ǻǲ֮, һ, ˾, 
Ҫðվ, ɪ統, ա
΢΢һЦ, ǣǿԽƾͼƣ˳ˮ۶ΪǡȱһƳǰ˴ӴĻᡣ
ա
ԴǷǮȥծӴʦĿɲһĴ󰡡
Ȼʵʦоļƻ
ɪ, һԵ¬װ鷳ֹؼҵĴⲻֳɵĻᣬǸؼҾͺˡ
ԣɫ˼˵ծǸҲء
˵̧ͷǰ¬װҲ֮ģֱ֪ˣһʱû뵽еݡ
ɫ˼Ǹʵƺеңߵʱòᣬŭ뿪ġ
ҿܰݵˡ̾˿˵ǲˡ
ֹǸ䵭Ĭı飬ĿڵްҺؼҲ죬㲻ع˼ҡ
ԣ¬װʱ̧ͷ
ô£ʵ
ɪûгͣǵüĿһڡ
¬װֹδ𣬴ߴٵ㵹ǿ˵⻹ʲô˵𣡡
տһǰȲɪ¶ʱʶбݵ飬üȻ󿪿ֹΧʦֲ˵Ǳ㲻Ϊѣ˵ǡ
ûΪѣҲûʲô˵ֹڵɫƽ˵Ҹһûձ㱻ؼҶˡ
¬װ
¬װɫʱ𾪣ð֮˵ǸҲ֪
ްֹ۵Ҳں

¬װĲںǹǿΪĲںԲŸ˾á
деôأ
侲ԱߵҪˡ
¬װ
֪վ¬װһȥˡ
Ŀ⿴ǰɫƽû˿˵Լȴ벻ںֹʵпʲôԵɣ
šֹӦһȻҳգǡؼͣҵ֣˵񲻺ãԵѵ񡣡
ʱҸײδ⣬ûҸΪ䣬겻õĸΪجĴˣûҲˣֻʣҡ˵Լ飬ֹҲһ䵭޶Եı飬ͷ·еǸ˲һ㣬Ҹĸ֮ؼ˱ɷǣдɷ˸ĸף㽫ˡ
̫ˣ
Ļ¬װ޷סŭŭݣθɣֺ޹
עӡ
ԭŭ¬װĻʱһŭҴܣĿ˵ô侲
ֹǰΪͬ޶ԣ
¬װöؼȥСֻع
ԣĿð֮˵㣬ʦֵĹϵǺûǲأ
¬װ
¬װһʱպ޺˵޹أκһҶһ߿
ÿɷ񣬲ҲδǵС˼
ڶɪ²豭Ŀڵ飬һеʦܱؼƳǺʮɽС
ΪʦؼҼһĸؼҵʵμμıʼΨһѪܹؼҾлеСļѪ޴ʮɽУΪӤƲٻȥɪ˵
̧Ŀ⿴Żŭ¬װҲһӰǰɪ˵
˭û뵽϶ɵӤʮɽеȣ޲ĸӤʮɽеĶѪȺӤ˻ȥ󡣡

պ¬װԳĬ
ǶֹɻǸ䵭Եģʼն޶Եġ
ɪĻƺû˿Ӱ졣
ӤڻѪȺﳤˣֱʮٴ;Ƴǵϵ֪˵ǸĿӤʱŭŭؼһ٣ƵǰȥǸӤһɪ˵ʱؼ˲֪Ǹʮɽеǰμδ
ϱΣؼ˲òǰʮɽǸĺһɪ̧Ŀ⿴ǰֹ˵Ǹʱ뿪ʮɽعؼҡ
ؼҵӲùˡɪ˵
ֹ̧ƤĿ⿴˵ˡ
ԣɪü
ֹ˵ûӡ
ֻǱץˡ˵
ֹǸԹѵı飬Ҳ޶ԵĮȻһƽëȻ˵ؼ˶ҲãŰңɱǡ
ɱǣȫ˶˺飬Ȼӻʮɽֹ˵ҼɽеޣǱ˶Դ˵ģĺȫ˺飬ɱ
ԣһѵʱɱظĵˡֹ˵Ȼұץסˡ
ؼҵץסңǴҵֺȣ̴ҵļιǣҵǲɱңΪǰμΨһѪй˼ɲɱҡֹ˵ҲŹңǴ㽫õˮ
ֱ
ˡ
ֹ˵ҵһμǸˡ
ǰƳΪ˽ΧؼңؼͨץɽΪһ̽ظǳ͵ϸ˳Ʊؼץˡ
ʱɽؼҵε棬ֹˮ
һؼǰˮճ趾ֹʱɽһΣϷˮΡ
ֹһο̧һƵĹ϶˲һֱǺڰɭխˮΣĹںڰй͵ֹɵ˫ۣĿ
ʱˣǸֽӭŹϷԾ£һϮ˴̴˫ιǽ˶
ʱֹоһɣס޷ˡ
ҪҪߣ
ʱֹǰǸվڹеˣ˵
Ȼұɽ뿪ˡ
ֹǰաɪ¬װһˣ˵ȥ˰¹Ժ
ֹȥ¹Ժ֮ǰĹ¡
ɪĿ⿴ʵʦܣδɱؼˣɻԸִ𣿡


100 
ֹɪĻĿⶨ, ȻԸΪʦ
һԵ¬װ΢˼촽, ջʲôû˵
ɪЦһ, Ŀ⿴ա¬װֹˣ֣ضϿҵһ, 
ʦ㻹˵Ŀ⿴˵
漴, ɪ˵Լļƻ
̾ʮɽһ֧ĻѪȺǲܣֱų⣬ʶɽо۾Ϊɪ˵, ӤֹȥıȺˡ
Ƕڴƿͳ, , Ҳһſ֮ˣʶŻ䵽˾ء˵ָɵߵ, ɻѪȴǴδձ, Ȳڴ壬ֲڳ
ܹӪΪ, Ʊܹ񽩾֣ŤתıĴ
ɪļƻ
⣬˿, ˿š˴Ǹ֦ҶïӪ꣬ƿ֮ȫһĳܹԿġûпԼ˵ĳȫıǵİ˴ܿˡ
ǡãʮɽھ۾ôһ֧ͬġ¾ȺܴѵĻѪ壬ǳõͬ˾
ȡ裬ݻ
ɪĿ⿴պֹ˵ʦúʦʮɽһˣ˵ɽˡ
һԵ¬װԶʱأ
ᣬҲ֪ɪѰպֹǰˣߣɽ⽻̸˵ҪѡɽԨԴǳֹΪ·дߡ
պֹ˾¬װһ±㼱ˣǲǱˣֻửʲôأ
ĪȻҪ顣ɪĻ̧΢ЦҶమţǳʫʣϲٻ¬ʦܻ֪ͼЩҵжܻӭ
һǧһ漣ɪ˵
ļƻʲôϵ¬װ˵
һԵѾɪ֮⣬ʱ˵˾䣬ʦ˼ǣҪȥڲ
¬װתͷĿãȻ
㻹ıƽʱͦģôʱôˡ²һ䣬Ը˽ϲͼǰȥͣǱؽΪϱ
ڶˣĳǰγǷµľ޶ծͶã뻭¬װΪ͡˵ͿԴڲˣ
ʦڲƣҺʦӦϣǸֲɪһ˲˼֪һ·ϵĳ˼ڼƻʲô¶޻˵
ʦ鱨ǿ°֪֪˰սϣʦ㽫䷢ӵ¡
ʱն鱨ԴƺϾû֪飬Щ鱨ɪܹѸٵİźͼƻܵ˼Ųߡ
𣿡¬װ˵
ǲǸֹһȥãʦúʦһǿǿ˵Щ
Լ뷨˵֮նʱĿһѾ˵ûʦһʲô
¬װ
ʱĿĿ˵Ҿұˡ
⻰˵ģԼ˵ġձʾֻ˳Ļ˵
ҵǾʦŲ˾ְÿ˵ĳöӳҵͨմﵽҪĽռĿ⿴ǰɪʵʦ֪ãﳤ̣ܶʵᱲģ
ɪ䴽ǣ֪ߣʦҲ


աֹɪ¬װ·պֹǰʮɽɽеˣɪ¬װس
պֹ뿪֮¬װɵɪʦ㣬ǽô
ҪڲǸô򰡡
ɪ˵ţȻ󡭡
Ȼ󣿡¬װ
Ȼٵɪ΢Ц˵
պֹ뿪ʱ֮

еϹܼǰɪͨظӺͶǰŰݷá
ԣɪɵЦһ֮Ƕˣǰ֪ѯˡ
߰ɡվԵ¬װ˵ȥһλظӡ
ͬһʱ䡣
պֹѾʮɽֹ·£Ƕ˳ɽе۾ӵطɿȥ
һ·ϣѯһЩֹй飬ֹһһش
ȻķǳĬԲϲ˵ֹϣ˲١Ŀ⿴ƺɫữ˲٣вңͷ·ӹҰ㣬ؼȡ
ʦֵΪλ뿪ȥؼңպʵ
ɪἰֹһʴδϸֻ֪ؼΪϵĴŭƲòǶʮɽеֹһȥǾ̲δἰҵֹģδֹֹΪλͬǻȥ
ֹ˵ؼв峤˾ͳǣҽȥŻɽͬȺ䶼ջڴ֮С
Ҳ峤ͼ˾ΪѣҲȺǰȥѰؼˣ뿪ֹ˵ƺϡ
ȴǳĬһ£Ȼοƶбǲʱδ
ڵ㣬顣˵̧Ŀ⴩ǰִԲݣֻǿʼѡ
ֹԺ¶Цݣ˵öԡ
˷ٵĴɽڣ۾ӵȥ
ȵȡպؿڵסֹǰѪζȱȥȥ
˵գγ˽һὣ¼٣ӯͬһֻ˲ʧԭأգۼǰ
ֹĿ⿴ʱüͷҲӿٶȳǰȥ
һʮҴͯѪ커͸СЩŮͯϷһͷ˫ƻľ޴ޣſѪ̴ڳҧ¡
ոϵʱ򣬿ôһΡ
̧𽣳ǰӳһɫ⣬޲˲Դ
ʱһȳѪͬȪһ㣬ӿ·ĻŮͯ§ڻеͯһ
Ѫͯʱһϣյ˲ëȻſ۾ǰľ֮ɫʱɫһףȻתͷ۵һˡ
ա
е
лҪ˵ĳľ飬컹һ¡
棬´лټ
IF߼紩լġ
ΪĸĵѣûǮΣò취ȥ׬ı
ڵӴҶ֪ľ֮Ц˵Ҹϸ
Ϊһ±ԵպʹҶʶνһжжһεպʹҶ𽥵ǿѣ˵ҲЩżܿ˴ŵЦ
ǣ̣
ʲôģȻԣڵģ¥ܵġ
պԥĸ˴Ҷһֻش𣬡
ĴҶҲδֻЦЦδ˵
Ӹڴ޸֮տʼ˼ԺıϾԶھǵļĸҪʳǮƣһֻˡ
˼ȥվΪֲ粻Ĵҹ㣬ΨһܸԼҵıֶΣֻпױʫдһֺ֣ȥЩʶȴҪдŵ׽дţҲûҴҹݣĸ֪Ҳҵġֱ׳
˵ɾ͸ɣˬ֮ˣ¶֮󣬴ںݴϰ˸̯дš
ܲҵ˹ˣʱһһţ֪ûǮ׬࣬紵ɹģʱѹ˼ѣ˿ֲ˼
żʱҶϽǰҵ־治
̧ͷĿ⿴Ц˵˵ĻԹˡ
ܾNεĴ޹ӶĶ̬ȲΪȻֻЦЦȻոı˿ǰѰңҵĳŵһֱЧ
˵Թˡա
λ޹ӵĻú΢ȥʲôģһĴǴ
֮ܶǲܵģ¥ܵġ
յ̬Ⱥܼᶨκʵǲпģڽϰ̯дӱˮнǿڶΣǰٶΣգɵصĽĿͶ˸ɽͷ˵һӵɽˣؽǵͷ
Ҳԡ
ʱ򣬴ҶһεƵĹ˹˵Ҹϸ
˵պ
˼ǲȥɽڳԺȣץʮɽеԴ׬Ǯգ˽յ̯ȥˡ
ȥۡգײһھӵɷڴӣŭĴ쳹գʱʱȭߵͺӿԼŮ˵ʹధ
üͷ𣬵ǰȥ˵߿ھӵļţӺŮߣʹɷһ١
⻧˼ҵ֮ǰլӿ˵ģ˽ĸҵС㣬ΪĽɷĲŻ˽һҴӼȫһڲͣȴΪԲڶƢԽʱʱͳӶŮ֡
ź·޺ޣдһҶдĻ֮ụ̂ӵջ£նˡⱾ𱬺ݣմ׬һʡ
֮ĳһ죬ڱ׵ţдһŸδϵĸסվܾͬɫţҪԼдԳ⡣
дţɫҶ˳ȥպ󣬸⻧˼һȺˣӵļ˹ĨӺĺӴ˻ȥΪյĸлյӵļһǮ
õǮ֮ãѾһӵĺòˣҶһͬǰףϯϣҶдһֽģȥĸףҲǴҶһ̸ļ֪
ԭҶǾӣͳΨһĵӣڻʱѲΣ֮ʣӺʹ֮˶ѡһѡ񱣳֮ǳȴҪѡ񱣺ӣ޷ֻôӦ
´Ҷ֮ѲȥĽᣬ޷
Ӽĸ鲢á
֪Ҷ󣬶ϧ֮飬ο˵ⲻĴĸΪԲѡĻ㣬ĪҪһġ
һ֮Ĺϵƺʲôı䣬֮һɵ
⻧˼ҵ֮տʼд½½д˺üȻӡˢǶ֮ǰǱܻӭֱһ죬һݲϵϸţдһ״˽ǰ֮󣬴Ӧдһ򱻺˾ܾĸ״ҲǻǣΡҶȳҶĴЭ֣ϸĸ״Գɹ͵ǰѲʷУҲԩƽϢ
պʹҶĸҲ˸룬ڼﻥļ
ϸĸ״һ½֮շָڰߵһ˼סµסһŴ˵ĹŮŮƴҶΪ磬˺ʹҶԴױŤ˺һ
⿪֮˸ܡ
ŮԭҲǴӾݱѵģ̸֮ͨղ֪ԭŮǵĶŮ湫鷳֮󣬹ؾΪлյ˹ǧƽ
ͨһ֮ʹҶ֮ŵڲ࣬ǣŵڣܹʵ
ͷһǶ˵ĸһݲȶ
ʱ򣬺ؾϢĸأؾ
Ϊĸأջص̷ĸǰ
ĸĲ֮廹Ǿ񶼴ǰĸĴ㰲ţѡһ˼ҡ
Ϊܾ̾ĸĺԼڶʹҶŵڲ࿼ǣĬĸİšĸİ׵ʱ򣬴Ҷص˾ʹֶٰյĻ£׶ʧܡ
ա
𣡣
˻


101 
ĵĵǸС, ѯСһЩ飬С̧֮ͷһ, 龪һ׵˹ȥ
ա
ô
̫˰
ӺֹĿ⿴һԱ߱Դڵϵʬһ, ˵˫ޡ
ȻǰȥС, ӼһΪŹ֧ʹȥ
һ, ±á
ӦȺСֹ˵ջĿ̧ǰգл
ء˵·ƽν, Σǽ޵ķ֮¡
ҲҪǰȥ۾֮, һһͻȥɡ˵, Ȼ˽ǰȥ˵ϱ۾־СŮеŮͯƮƮļûʲô
һ, ֹǸͯ
˼ǰ·
ʱ
տǰԶĴ, ؾ۾ӵĴˡ
һᣬ󡣡ֹ˵
Կһۣ˵á
˱ǰ, Ĵ⡣
ǰսʿѲߣֹտսʿ, ǣȵʲôˣȥﲻӭǣ
Ѳ߷ڵսʿǶʱѸٵΧ£һĿⲻƽ䱸Ķǰֹնˡ
ҡֹͯ˳ȥƽ˵
Ϊ׵ǸսʿĿⶢãϸֳɡ𾪵ɫǡԲ
ԣֹ˵ң硣
СӰսʿĻеСӻлһ죡
˼״Ҳ׷
˴ǰֹǰĴȭֹǰصĴ˼£Сӻģ
ֹĿ⿴Цˣ磬һ㶼û䣬ǰӡ
СӵǱ仯ܴҲģ˵գ̾˿ӣײ
Ŀ⿴ֹбŵͯһۣ˵ⲻ峤ҵˮ𣿡
˵̧꣬ͷĿĿһֹգɨһ֮ŹбŵŮͯϣ˵ѾͷҲųȥˡ
ͷ˵Ŀ⿴ֹͯɸֵ͵ܳȥ˶סǶˣ
峤ĺӣֹԾ˵
ɲǡ˵뿪겻֪ͷ˵ͬȥ峤ͼ˾
߰ɡ
ֹ˵ʦãͬһͬǰȥɡ
šӦ
Ȼ˱˴䡣
һţһߴ䣬ݽţм˿ƽȵĵ·ÿһ䷿ݶ߷ǽ޽ֿҼһǰľеǮ
ջĿ⣬¾ȣеҪΪûԤеǰ
ֹȥŷҲһǰվȺҽȥ峤
СҲҡ˵պǻؼҡ
ԣֹձ㽫бŵĺӽ
һһˡ
ܿȥ
Բ峤ȥֹ˵
ֹתͷԵ˵ȺȽȥ
ȥɡտ˵صҡ
ֹĿ⿴һۣȥˡ
ֹȥ֮սʿĿ⿴ĿʵԲǺιϵ
𣿡
ա
էһô˵ղûҭţð˵ǡ
ǰһź֮ɫȻ̾˵ԲСӹƧŹ֣ϲԺȢϱˡ
Ŀ⿴ò۾ȻϹǶֹǺ˽ģɲڰ¹Ժֹһָע˵ŮѶû
ˣԲǺιϵֺĿ⿴ʵ
ղʵΪνԲǺȡ
ʣһ£ȻΪԲСʱԲͷԲҲԲģԼȡԲ
ա
ȫû
ֹôˣȻôɰС
شˡߴ
Һͬͬһѧϰˣ곤ҵʦ֡˵
ԣ϶ʱʧȥȤԭˡ
֪պֹûܵĳԽͨŮ֮Ĺϵ˲ûȤҲһʼ磬ֻĮԵĿԣһĻ˵ˡ
ա
ʵˡ
һʱֹŴ߳Զ˵峤Ҫ㡣
̧ͷ
һֱ˵ˡֹ˵
գգ۾Ȼ˵ˣʦ֣л㡣
˵գ̧Žڡ
߽֮ڡ
շˣһǿʮϴüǵһ˰̵ˣɣȴͣӥ׳˶
һǿֻжʮİ꣬òɫϸ֬һ㣬ڷ٣һ˫۾ȴǳɫģЦ˵ʱӯͬԲһͬˡ
Ŀ⿴һ£Ȼ˵Ҫ˵Ҳû
΢üǳɫע˵ƺͬ仰
ǡպγϵֻã绮Ϊ磬Լ˺ˣΪ޴
һأǰһŵδ˵˶ʱɫһʱһçǿѹͷ£һѪӿ
תķǿнڷӿѪѹȥʻȥ˿еɫ䣬¶΢Цѵ𣿡ʵ
ǰİǳɫעɫѱ档
Цһ˵һǧ֮ǰѵǾͲȥ𣿡
һӱ𣿡
Կ²˵кβɣ
˵仰ʱʹ𣿡տʵʹһˣһ𣿡

һӱˣǳɫ䣬ݵɫתΪī̵ı飬ƾտڰ׻˵ҡ
ԣЦˡ
˵㣬㲻Ķ
룬ȻĿ⿴ʵôʦ֣Բ֪˶أ
Ŀⶨ֮󿪿ڵ֪Ķ֪ˡ
Ҿͺ˵һ˵֪ġ˵֪жѪ

һ±ɫ䵭ƺղ׺˶һ˲ɫĿⲻƶ
ȴǵı仯Ӷ˵Զǵ󡣡
ǲʲô⣬ֻһЩѡ˵
Ŀⶢ˵ʲô
ҲûʲôǶȡӦеȨûȤ˵ҶˣûеǾͲС


102 
һǰİ¼˾峤, ϿҶ˵ֻҪ룬Ҳԣ

¼˾Դδ֮, ̧ǰգ˵Ҫ¡
ձʾ⣬
ǲܹһ롣
һûʮµĳ˽, ҲͺֹһͬĴס
պֹסǰֹڴӣǰȥƿŽȥʱ, ӿһȾ, ϶Ǹɾδմҳ, ڵĹãҲɨû˿м, ȴ˿
ӳδסˣյĿɨһڣ°ȴһֱ˴ɨ
뿪󣬴ұһֱǰɨ, һֹЦ
ֹĿ⿴˶촽˵һ䣬, л
ǽպϢһ͹˵Ȼ뿪ˡ
뿪ֹ֮վδ
տϵɫĲֻʵʦ֣סļݣ
ԣֹ̧˵ұ⡣
õģұݴˡ˵
ȻתݣʱͿռֹ
ա
һ磬峤պֹлӢҰԵ峤һֹļϣοĶ˵ˣͺãҶڵ㣡
ֹӦš
˳Ĭԣ峤Ҳδ⣬ֻǸп˵㻹ӣ˵
ֹ֮峤̧һԵգ˵λ˰ɣնлС
ǵĶ˵л峤ԵСǰƣ˵
ȵһһСͯһһɫСվǰͷ˵ллǡ
㡣
㡣
СеĻݵǰһڴĿ
΢΢һЦǵĻлл
ƯҺϲЦº˵
СҲ¶˲õЦ
ͯĿĶգ˵ĽһͿ˫޵Դȵ
վ峤ԶʱƤһ飬°һ䣬ӣӡ
Ŀ⿴ıĿ⣬ʵҪҪѧ
ͯԶʱһԥ˵Ҫ
վһԵ峤˵϶ʱ¶˾ȵɫĿ˼
ġտѵʼ˾Ͳͣ¡
Ҳ£еҲ³Կ࣡
δ֮ʱǰѰңҽϰյ˵
ţͯϲʤ˵һģ
峤ԼҸ˵۾ɵӣ̾˿̧ǰ˵˲鷳𣿡
ް˵ֻǽǼ򵥻ĽѣƵ鷳
˵գ£ȻͽһῴԣڳŴвͻѪӡ
ڷ˽磬޽͸Ų̫ںѪͳͳȻ֮ƽȣΪϣû˭˭߹˭ֱ˭ͼ
ƫӽԴģ˽֮仮ֳŵȡ
峤΢ı飬̾˿˵̫ĲͲãǴ˻Ǻˡ
ȨλҪԼȡġ˵
ԲÿɷֻС鷳ˡ
˵գǣ뿪ˡ
ֻǽһϰСǾۼһΧۣĿҿĿһǽ̣Ҳǽ̣ԽҪҪѧһˡ
ԽԽ࣬սһȺСܲͷѧһԼ׶԰ʦĴ
Զ
ֹڼǰСԺԶԶؿǰһȺͯգɫȻѱ档
ǿǸù֪ʱˣվ˵Ǵˣ´ξˡ
ֹջĿ⣬˵Һ£
⸱β̾˿˵峤ͼ˾ȥ
ȥֹ˵
硣
ٴμ峤Ͱ¼˾¼˾һ仰ǣ˵ãҹ̳֮Ⱦ⡣
ա
죬±ƣôþôһ
̳
ô⽨ŵǻƨ
¼˾ĿƳϵɫ䵭˵к
ûС˵
Ҳ˵
ҹ
ˣŮȫۼڼ̳ǰһϮµļڼ̳ǰʡ
վ·ԶĿһԭʼϵʽµļ˾ӯ翣ʵ¹ƽʥζ·
ԶԶǰİ¼˾Ȼǿ¼˾Ǿʥ·ǴڴүǾƭӡ
ա
¼˾ͣ¼裬ʾ֮󣬸˵˵У
֮⡣
·˶ʱ⣬⣡
߸߼̳ϵİ¼˾̧۽ǿʼŸӾֻ·ӣʥˣ߸ԶԶظһۣһ˫īɫĹת
΢΢һЦħ
ա
ֹ֮ͬһͬء
·ϡ
ʵﶼش鶼ϣ
ֹԳĬһ£Ȼ˵ϼ˾峤һ档
ʱǱѾӦ顣ֹ˵

ԣɵص֮ǰǸ߸߼̳ϣǸʤѩ·ļ˾ʥ˵ϣǸЦݡ
ħ˿һ֮䡣
ֻǸʼպ˵ʦҰľֹˣ䣬ǣֻǿʼ
һѵ˵Ҳ֪ǶԻǴ
ֹԳĬá
˵޷ƿһУ޷ƿģδδ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣġ
ġ𣿡
ڶա
һεļ峤Ͱ¼˾ǽˣҲҪ󡣡¼˾Ŀ⿴˵
Դˣ׼˵˵
¼˾㻺˵ǵҪͷӦԡ
ˬĴӦð¼˾ĿΪĿһۡ
ҪҪԲݡһɫ˵Ҳô̵ˡ

Ľͣ¼˾ϵı΢ܾⲻʲôû
û֤
óɪ׼õԼ飬޸˼Ȼ˼Ű¼˾ȫȥˣȻȡɪ˽ӡ˸¡
һֻչڷɵĻˣͰԵɪ֣ɵı˽¡
ºսԼݸ˰¼˾
¼˾ۣȻд֣ת峤峤Ҳһۣд֡
ͬʱӡԼϣѸ֮ʽ
Լ飬ںΪ顣
彨ʼӡ

֧һֱɽ֮бӵĻѪΪرܾӱΪ塣
Ϊһ˵һ仰߳ɽȥ˸磬˻Ի͵
Գơ
ҲҲҲ
ȡһҲ


103 
պֹǰĿĴ, Ǳ㷵, ظɪټһ
¼˾, һͬһɽǰǣ֮ĺˡ
¼˾Գ죬Ȼ̧, ˵ٵһ뿪
Ŀɻ
¼˾˵, Ҫһյʱ׼
ա
Һһɽ¼˾, ΢΢͵
ա
⣬𣿡Ŀ⿴ǰ¼˾, ת˵
˼ʵѡǺֹ, ׳õ峤Ҳ, ڼ˾ǲ̫ЩǲҲЩˣ
˵, Ŀ⿴ǰ¼˾Źῡ, һʱ޷ֱ, ħѪͳ, ԪвħĴС
ҪΪƺǿ
ܹμ˾, Ϳ϶Сˡ
˵Ǹ˼ҡ
¼˾Ŀ俴, кβʣ
ûСĿ·ɿĿڵ׻ûʳ
⣬Ǳһͬɽ¼˾һ˵
˵ˣҲֻôӦˡ
պֹ뿪ȥ֮, Զˣֹ˵Ǽ˾ˣ
ֹĿ⿴һۣ˵֪Сʱ⸱ģδ
ԣ¶ʱʯˣ
Ȼ֪Ϊβң
أдİ¼˾
ա
ֹ
ڱ͵͵͵˶ʱһ
̫ˣ
Ťͷֹô˵Ǽ˾ô顣
ԣֹĿ⸴ӵĿ˾͵˵
ʲô˼˵
ֹ̾˿˵㷴ʡһ¡
ա
ҿ

ա
աֹټһ¼˾뿪ɽǰǡ
뿪գһȺСܲͷǰͱһĿգ峤ļˮһɫСݸͷһ˫һ㣬㻹𣿡
տڴı飬п˵ᡣ


һȺСʱ˱죬ۿۿһҪ޳ģ
ĻǵһԵİ¼˾Ŀ⿴һۡ
ǿԺ󳤴ҡտǣ˵ȵʮǰɽɰʦѧգʱǱԼˡ
ԣȺŻҪ޵СܲͷǶʱͰȥˣһỨ۾Ŀ𣿡
Ȼʼ˾ˡս˦Ա߿Ϸİ¼˾ϣ˦ޱȻ죬һͲǵһθ顣
¼˾
Ŀ⿴ǰۿڴСǣ΢΢˵ţԷ顣
ȺСͲˣһϲ
ǽ㣬ҿ԰Ϊʦ𣿡ˮͷĿǰգСڴ˵
տȻ˵ܡ

Сû뵽ô˵ʹסˣһ±ơ
һ¾ͻΪ˳ʵĴˣ̵Ĵһͯ룬ֻõΪͽڵ㻹Զ
ԣСĿĿȦѸٵĺˣȻۡһ
ˣСҲ·𱻸Ⱦһ㣬һĴ
ʱڶǺǵޡ
¼˾
ֵͷƤֱİ¼˾ʱͷĿһգͲܺǣ
һộĲʹ
ĿĿ˵û뵽Ȼôʴ𣿡
¼˾
¼˾ϵɫʱȥŭ֣ʲô񣿡
ûʲôջĿ⣬˵ֻǲνĳŵѣǺҲǲƭġ
˵̾˿㲻֪ͽжϸ񡣡
¼˾
֪ˡ
¼˾ϵıͷˣµСܲͷǵĶԻ޵ĸˣᡣ

а¼˾ǰ·պֹɽʱʱ룬ʱһʱصǡ
¼˾ʮɽϤԶ뿪ֹܱȵģһ·տŰ¼˾ʮɽָƣΣܿͨǽݾ
ɵ¸пѹʦҪ£ȺǱǣԱ֮⣬ͨƿؿʮɽǵʮɽĵر󳡷ḻɽҪɵѶȼ
ʮɽ壬ɽ˽˿ɵС
Ǿͷ·ǴԿס
ص֮աֹŰ¼˾ֱӻȥ˳

պֹվڳ⣬ĿǰȻһ¡Ϥİո³ϵıһ޵±ơ
ա
ǲߴ˵ط
ǲͬǳǰʱĳ¾ãĳ·һ飬ǽޣո£ԭҵĵҶҲ»ˣǰʯʨķȥΰˡ
ոΰĳֻһ뷨Ǯ
ǷŰ˴ʮʯʦǮ³ģ
һվڳ첻ŵ˳һźܻˣǰȥյԣЦӭˣʵλˣ˭
տһ£Ȼʵǳ
ĿЦǡ
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Ŀ˶ʱЦ˵ῪЦȻԡ
ա
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ջʣǰڴ¬װĽʦãֹǿڻˣ
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µľյǰȥǸϵ˺ˣԼˡ¬װԿŵ˵
ԶʱȻ˵ԭ˺ˣС۲ʶ̩ɽ
һȻʶȤȥˡ
տǰ¬װɻʵʲôôȻһ£µļͣ
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ǰȥյ֣úһһ˳ܣ
֪ʦʮڸ㶨ǵ壡ǵһҵļأһμ̳໥Ȩ֮ʣСλ͵λӣҵ֣λСӵҵļ֮λ¬װһֽ˵ǲûǷǮյҵĴǮƻر
ա
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˵ǽʱԶǵɪҲûš
ɪ¬װ˳Ľ˸壬ãʫᣬȴͻͻ̸ʫֺȾѰ֣ٵٵҵ
ǵȺֵȫһˣ¬װռ鱨ᵽҵı죬ϵλСõСӣҼ֮λ
СͶұϼ֮λԵͬˡ
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ѾͨĺţεҼСǣߣǿֱӶԻ˴Ȩˡ
ա
¬װ˵֮˶ˣʦ̫ˣ
ٶȣĪ
¬װһп˵˴屾ͲʮʯֻԴǰγԸֶΡ
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ա
ȵȣշһä㣡
˵ǰγµǷʦĿ⿴ǰ¬װ˵
¬װδвԣ˵ǰ
ա
⵹ùߵı·Ƿʮʯǰγ˭

ˮһգдĲҡ


104 
ҹ
ɪ, ص֮ĵһȥա
ʦ㡣մ򿪷ź, վɪе
ɪ΢΢һЦ, ˵ǷʦϢ
δҡҡͷ˵ʦ˵
ɪͬһݡ
֮
ɪڲǰո˺, Ȼ¡
ʦ, Ҳʹǰɪ, ˵֮¡
ɪ꣬ˡ˵, ¶
, ҡҡͷ˵, Ҳδʲôʦ, Щ
ʦǸɴµ, ʮǵҸ˸췭ظ
һλ˾һ, ̸ɪǰ˵, ʱʦ
أɪ֮Բǿ, ˭ܹڶʱȡε, ձ׵۷ȡκһˡ
֮Իѡǰȥ̸ˣҲǻڴˡ
¡һӦʣ˵˾˺ܺദ, ˵
ɪԲÿɷǰദ˵ɲǰˡ
ҹˣұ㲻ʦϢˣиˡɪ˵Ȼȥ
վȥ
ա
ǰȥ˰¼˾ķţƬ֮һϮѩ˳Ⱦļ˾˷ţվڷڿ£
㵱̸տ˵ʣֱ˵
¼˾˵д⣬·
ɡ˵
ȻŰ¼˾ǰȥɪ
鷿⡣
ͷˡն˵нȥɣ㡣
¼˾Ŀ⿴΢΢һЦ˵š
ձЦݸһ£¾죬⻹һμЦû뵽ҲЦ
ȥ鷿֮ձȺ档
վڻǰĿ⿴ͥԺմȾų¶¼ĵɫȻ
ˮɫĳȹĵ廪Ȫ峺͸
Ȱ¼˾ȥ鷿֮߳󿴼ıһ
פԶã̧ųȥˡ¼˾ǰе
̧΢΢һЦ˾ˡ
õˡ¼˾˵
Ҳûеȶáղ˵£Ҵȥڹһ䣿
²˵һǰɣ
š¼˾˵
ɣҲǡЦ֮ǰһֱδлȥڼʶһͨ𣿡
á
ǣ˱һͬȥϽֹȥˡ
·ϡ
˿ɷһ˵״¼˾˵
ԳһᣬȻһֱһǾǾ٣ࡣ
ⲻ֪鲼磬Ҳߵˣѻ˱ħѪͳֻǴϡͣһѾԣ֪ˡ˵
ʵʷ⣬ԶħҴŰʱħ己˺ܶúħһ磬ȺѪȴ
ЩħĻѪֳַ塢ħ塣
ħǷΪ޺ħ壬˵ĺѪΪѪޣǿɱ仯ΪԳΪ塣ħħ˵ĺħ޵ѪΪѪޣԳΪħ塣
ħ˵ĺѪռݸ࣬ħѪΪٲ֣вħȺΪѪͳǱħųӣΪħħѪܣѡ
塢ħϵϵʱһȱȺɱѺܶɽﲻ
ҲãҲãͬһԴ˵ֻЩĿ硣鲼壬ЩЩĲΪ֪ͨһƽӪǽΰҵ
ڶһĳǳأ޽綼彨ŵĽме彨֮˵ЩʲôѴ飬ֻҪԼ֪
ֻ飬嶼ʼǵ࣬ͨܡ
ħ壬һ壬ͬǼСֵѪ
ƫ壬඼ͬ壬Ծӣȴܡ
岻壬ȴҲħǰ㳹ų壬ԴǲģδӹǣǱܻɻ䣬ȴͬˡ
ֻǣǲͬࡣ
һֱìʼնڣ嶼СıܻŶԷӴദͬ
ͬ¼˾˵˺ܶ࣬˵ҾҲûʲôֱֻ۾ɫһɫһЩд࣬ЩûС
ǽҪܵҪԼʱ˵
ͺñ塣
⣬Ѿ̹ôˡ
¼˾Ļ΢΢һЦĿ⿴˵£Ҳ
ţ
ղԣ̧
¼˾˵

˵ͳ˺ɪ㶨ǵ岢ҵõǵһҵ֧֣ƻĳɣԽеڶˡ
ڰ¼˾ǵĵգɪǰȥǵİ˴壬˵˰˴ǺԼƶ˹ͬʮɽ󳡺ĵرĺԼ
ʮɽɰ˴ͳͬɡ
ɪͰ¼˾˽ֶԼ彫ΪɪãΪ˽
һҲ֪ģ֪ûз֡
ɪʲô¼˾ҪʲôǵҰĲһܹġ
ֻǸ㡣
ǲ֪㲻֪ˡ
ɪ¼˾ǰ˴嶨ºͬʮɽĵر󳡣ڽԼ֮ĵڶ죬˴ɳǰͳ˹ͬǰʮɽָͼͿɹ滮
ߣʦýˡɪ˵ǰ壬Ž峤ɳǰȥЭǲ̽ʮɽ
˾Ҫǡ˵Ǹ⣬ʦҲǰȥҪȥ
ڣ¬ʦܡɪҪĻǿԺһȥ
ԣպԥ˵ǲˡ
Աߵ¬װ
ܵӣ
һԡ˵
ɪĿ⿴΢΢һЦһбˣʦá
һա
ڶ죬ձŰ˴ǲһͬǰȥʮɽˡ
ڰ˴УķһˣǵһǰǱݺݴһٵծλؼҹӡ
ʿɫҲЩڣð֮ɫ˵ձǸˡ
ްտҡͷ˵ܹԿĲҡ
ʡ
Ŷ
ˡ
һαʮ졣
ʮմŴĵͼԴֲͼǡ
һǣվͱܹ¬װͷը˿ŵףֹؼҼ֪𣡣
ա
Ҳ֪
ӦԱߵⲻܣ
ˣɫԥʵֹ˭
պ¬װתͷϱͬʱһѾ
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㲻ǼһծҴȥǸ
Ŷ¬װʱȻ
ʡ
ǵü
ˣ˵ʦô£մߴ˵ôͻȻؼҼˣ
һᵽ¬װϵıʱ͸ӳ羴뿪ʱ䣬ʦʦһֱңҡ¼Һҵ֧£ó˵ضүҲڵؼҼֹıǰμͼ˾֤ݣ֤֤ȫ
óֹԭֹ񲢷ʲô˸ĸףⶼǵֹļ٣˱ɣԲٻؼһرֹһ¡
˵¬װ̾˿˵ôôΪһ֮˽ֳɩӣеƵϵӤϣıһڡ
˾챬ϣֱһԵ˵𾪴㶣ֱɵԭء
ԣ̾ѱӦˬǲʱδ
ⳡԩ׻ؼյһ졣˵ֻϧ
ֻϧ˲Ḵܵ˺ʧ
ǵ׻Ƕܵ˳ͷ˵
¬װͷ˵֤嶤ضү޿ɱ粵ҡ¼Һҵ֧£ֹɱɱĸˣ˽ԩ
ǰμΨһѪʦּ̳μ֮λؼҵļˡ¬װ˵ϱꡣ
Ҳɵ̾˿Ķǣʦף
Ȼһֱ֪Ǹɴµģ뿪֮ǰҲԼɪҪһ£û뵽Ȼܸɵ˵ز
⣬ⶼǸ컻˰ɡ
ҵļһַ֣ؼҸǱ˸췭ظֱӰؼҼ͵˻ʦλ
ǰ˴壬һ͵ڶţǰ壬ǰͺ֮ȨƵλʦյһڶ壬Ǳ޶ˣǰ·ϰ·ɾˡ
ԤУɪҪ顣
Ҫһ춯صĴ£Ǿһһأһ˼򵥡


105 
պ, ռ˴ؼҹֹ
һϮµֹҪ֮ǰ˲, ԽǷϢҲȥ, ͷ·һϦ֮ɳһ㡣
ǸĮƧĻʦҲǴƮԶľص˼
²ɵظпİ¹Ǵ, ǳǽϵͼ, ԼǸĻʦ
ʦáֹ, е
ջعĿ⿴ǰֹ, Цʦ, ϲ
ֹϵɫ˶, Ȼ˵л
ȥʦ㡣˵
˵ʦ鷿
šֹӦ, ȻҴ뿪ȥ鷿
, ɪ, ʦΪ, ʦ˵˼䣿
ɪ˵ֹȨȴ顣
ؼȨ, ؼҼܹܶ顣, Ҫ𣬻ҪػˣػؼִƴȨ
ɪһЩ֪飬ֹؼҶɱ, Ϊ֪ĸֻ࣬ǱʱƵ嶯ձ˸ɱʧܱε³
ΣֹɪعǱǱ˾˼
˵ɱؼҼΪ游ĸµؼҼΪ˱֮壬ӻɪˣӴɽֹ߳ΪؼҼܹ屣ݻԺڽܳһʱ䣬嶼ҪǷչٲҪǵ򽻵
ɪĻɸпʦʱΪǸĮýӽ֮ˣȴ뵽ȴǸˡ
ɪδ˵ֹǸˣǡ
ֹγֲã
顣

ĶɪϰеЩ߶˳ʩչȥ
ͬ˺ͬʮɽԴҪͶ֮⣬Թٷһͨ񹤣Ǻ塢ͬı꣬ͬͬꡣ
ɪԹڹ壬ƶһϵе͹ȷ涨ÿտɹʱϢʱ䣬Ҫһȷ涨˱꣬е͹һͬʣͬͬꡣžӺͳͨյѹեвҲɪļ£ԼҺؼҵ֧£ˡ


ɪЩ飬ڽ£ǸܹҪڵƹȥδչغĴ¡
֣
һ޵ɪա¬װѾΪؼҼֹ˰¹Ժ
¹Ժ
ɪƺȫأվԺĹ㳡ǰԺɽԺλԺͽϰǣȴյ
ܣվǰۿʢ½֮սʿǣǽĿĶǰɪơˣ²֮˭ʤ
ҲǸƣһ־ʤȯյӣǺаա
󲻺˵ȻҲΪƵļʴЩ
ٵȵȰɣϽͳˡ


ɽǰˣɪơޣǵɫ۵סɪıȶ΢Ц־ʤȯաºͣʶ˷š
ˣò͡
һ֮ڣΪ˽Կɽ˵Ȼ󻺻еޣԲȫ²ˣͻɸ񲯣̫ƽǷ̫ƽˣãίȫҿЭǷη壡
̫ƽһƵļ󡣡ɽ˵
ϵɫʱס
Աߵĸϵĵɫ
֮ɽ˸ƣ˵ŪȨԱٰ֮֮ıǧƣ㾡ȴ
ԣϵĵɫʱӲЦ̣ɫȻѿ
Ϊȴ֪˽˼͸²һ˿أԶϺ·ܵһʱȴܰȻһʱؽԲǻ೯˺ҧɽ˵һա
ֵɪɽ͹۹ĽΪһһһڲηСλ˺ͬ塢ͬʮɽԴΪΣռؼҼıֳɩǰεļ֤ݣҺ干ͬ⵹ؼҼֹõȡرĶ
һĳȣɫ壬Ŀ⾰
˽ϲԩñɪƶһЩߡ
գɽɪʮۣıĻʴȣ£񡣡
νɪɿҲɽ˵λ飿
ޣ
ޣ
ޣ


һߺУɪΪһ
£ԣιƽ¡
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ʦֶĿ⿴΢Ц˵ϲպܰܶιƽ£ʵ顣
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΢΢һЦδ˵
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ģɥ֮ȮǰİֵɪɵؾúЦ¶Ц⡣
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ĿĶ죬Ȼԥת뿪Ц
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ʱ
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ա
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ԣնʱһ࣬˫ֽӹе飬ѵʲôķؼ
ʦô󷽰־ķ
ȻͷϸһƣֻȻдţı֮
ա
ѵʲôµĹ
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ա
ȻʶʲôɫѸٺˡ


106 
һڵı鶢ǰ, , ô£
ֵûı飬˵ұ㲻ףˡ
˵תˡ
ա
֪Ϊ, տıӰϷ·дˡˣˣ
ػ޽СƱ, Žֹ, źĻȥʵٱҲû, ΪйٷڲԱУ
û֤ݣҪ֤, ȥٱˣ
뿪֮, һԵɪҲװûյɫ, תƻ˵ʦã˴ζ, ҹȥʳζ¥ףһ
, տ, , Ȼ˵罫ɽԺҲȥ
Ц칦硣
ɪ, Ȼ˵Ҳá
ҹ
¹, ʳζ¥
ɪ¥ԺͬɽǰףԺȺΨ²ҵǣĹɪ, ϲʦ㣬½֮λ
ԺҲǽͬˣȥӡ
ʦˣᱲģ


Эͬɪʤ¬װֹ˲پƣΨһ˹һ˸ǰȥơ
գҾұˣ
һƶеįֻһйµįûУ
Ŷ˼ͼԵԺʦ֡ʦǣһŵı鿴ʦã㻹ٺȵ㡣
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ҪȲɣ
һȺɪ¬װֹ˾ƵˣȻ˵ȾȲ衣
ա
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ԣ룬Ȼ˵ǳ
áɽ˵ǰ´ǣʱȥԺµĲԶˡ
ա
ʲôҪԣ
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ա
㲻ҶҪˡ
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ѧϰһʹ飬ֻѧѧϰ
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⻭˺ˣʵ
λɽɵգˡϰ羴˵˵ˣ£ķ
һǧĶյĿޣֱǽǵպգҲ̫ˡ
ԲÿɷĿ˻·һСϣ¬װױڡ
¬װⲻλֳ𣿡תͷһ˵
ԣĿƳһǸͼ¶֮ɫĮ˵Ҳֳ˵¬޸ϵ
ԣʱ
ϰ⻭ҪˡӸʯͬҴȥ
վ󣬿ǻ뿪ˣɫ˼
ʦá
һվһ»ͷȥ¬װ֪ʱԡ

ǽǽץסɫʱΣµĴк¬ʦ֡
¬װȴЩɫ˿˵ˡ
ţղԡ
ҵλܵܡ¬װ˵
ա
ܵܰ
⻰ýӣһʱò׼룬Բδʱش
¬װȴĳɣ˵ʵǳԾ¬ҡ
̧
ֻһ¬ңǸȨ౲¬ҡ¬װЦЦ˵¬ҵÿһԳ𣬱ֻһĿ꣬һδǾǳΪ峯Ȩ࣬ԴιΪ뱧
Ǹ࣬¬ǧֻôһ࣬ѧɥ־ҵ¬װ˵Ҷҵ伮ûȤԴιΪٳȤֻһĳԻ
׶ʧʱûң˺ҵ黭ô޷ҡҵľġ
ԳĬ
ʦòΪһ¹Ժ𣿡¬װЦ˵Ϊ޴ȥһֱʧĸڷǼ֮󳹵׵Ķʧˡ
Ϊ˻һµͼҸ˵ʱҵǧ𣬱ҵĻˡұץסһ٣ȻŤͻȥ¬ңҵĸסҸ޷˳裬˵淢˵Ҫҵ˫ҴӴ޷¬װ˵

¬͵ɽԣұ£¬ҡ¬װ˵¶Цݣɽңҵһ˫֣Ҹδҵ˫ȴ˼ţ޴ɹ飬ɽҪҪߣҿԼ˵ֻҪԸɡǣұͬˡ
̧ͷǰգЦ˵Ҳ˵Ƕ࣬ǵɽǸˡ
ɽǡ


107 
ĻĬδ˵, Ҳ֪ʱ˵ʲô, ¬װ˵Щֻ˵ѣѰκ˵İο⡣
ʦá¬װ, ˵ƭ㡣
̧ͷ
ҲβǸͼվԶһֱңżȻһƳ, ˾, Ǹͼ¬װ˵, ¶һĨ˼Ц˵ƭ, ǱǸ
һ۾, ȴҪ˵β, ¬װҲ֪Ϊεʱ˵ҲΪʹ, ҲǱһ˲䱻ϡ, βʱ, δǰ¶񡢶ġĵɫ, ǼΪĵġ
ϣ֪о, ȴδĵ, ֻ
Ҹˡ¬װգ¶ЦݣʱҾ;ѡ
տ, ƽ˵֪
¬װ
һʼҾ֪˵ѡ˵ҴӳУڳǽǰ಻һӣʱͰڳǽǰô㶼ûʱҲûлȥβҡ
¬װԶʱˣ㻹
ֻıݶѡ˵Ȼ̾˿ݵĺ࣬ò㣬ֻȥˡ
Ȼ֪¬װΪҪǰ˵ýȥҲ֪¬װûʱ䡢ǶǸ¹ǣ֮ǰδ¬װ¬װ̸β
һƵĻԣǻ˭ŵġ
¬װĿⶨĿãȻЦˣʦãǸˡ
綼¬װͼ̬ڷǣȣƤ⡣
ͼûģתԣǻð桭
֮ܶ¬װͼеǿģΪòԸ޵룬ǧǧ棬ÿжһˣ¬װͼܿǸˡ
¬װ˲ڴڻϣǵС
¬װͼ֮ɡ
һ죬ǲĻһƳΪˣɫ˫
֮¬װУĻһתΪǸòͼһ
ʣΪе˽ò
Ϊʱ£ʱΪǡӲΪԼˣʶ˴㲻ִƤ󣬶д⣬׷⾳֮֮ڴ۲ɼΨ롣
ͼΪòˣӲˣΪζ
ΪƻãѴ̾Ϣ˵һƳġ

ʦá¬װǰ΢΢һЦ˵ҾˣֻҪʦǲңҾͬһǰǡ
ʦ߲ȱٿ֮ҾȻ㣬Ϊ˿ţǿһõġ
տãҲЦˣʦܸˡ
ֹ֪ϢģԺֿԺżˣҼ쵢ϰ˲ҿΪ롣¬װװģ̾˵
һЦˣʦһܸжġ
¬װϵЦݣҲЦˡ
ǰ뵽ҲѣֹɪΪܺõѡǰԺֹɪȻԺһֱǶκ˶ֻǵͷ֮롣
һеĸı䣬Դǰˡ
˺֮ǺģһܹΪѸı䵽ֵز޷ġ
¬װԻڻУһˣҪκˣҪѡ
Ϊѣ߳Ǹ¶ɾص䣬ȥ̤мһ˵Ǹٳ飬ĸǿбҲԸ顣
ǻıġ
ǳɳÿһжնɳĴˡվ˵ֻǳ˶ѡ
һ£Ȼĵ¶˵Ц⣬ɽǽ̵ĺܺá
¬װֹɪǶȱݵˣǲ׵ࡣ
޴ȥҲ·ɽǣϤĽ̵ǣǽ̳һֱɿĴˡ

ʱתۼš
ڰ¹ԺΪڰмʱٴȥս黭տˡ
ǰȥ˵գԺԺǰ׹ۣʶһλ̫þܳʥʮ׽̵ĵӵǳ
գտ˽Կ߾ŵȳɼ
Ϊ¹Ժʮȫűҵ
Ժ
ͤڵɽ˫һСѩ֮÷ʢȰ˽ͤڣΧ¯ʳζÿ϶Цݣͤѩ׷䣬ķţͤů
һһᡣ
ٻ᣿
*****
峿һ硣
˸磬һϮīɫĳۣͷ˿ڶȻձõķڵͰתݡ
˿̣΢֮ϲ񷡣
ɽĲľմȾ¶΢Ϣдżˮ⣬Ͱɽǰ¹ǡ
Ϊɫ磬յ˰¹ǵʱ򣬳д˼ϡ١ֱĳԶǰȥŲͣ
ԶԶر㿴ǸͼڳУǽϸ񻣬ȶˣȹΣ˫Խ貣ǡ
⸱ͼڰ¹ǵĳǽϱа֮ã˰¹ǵʤ޽硣
˶֪ڰ¹һɫ˫ͼ
¹ǵ˶⸱ͼҲԶıȥΪ¹ǵı־հͣϾһˣ˭µأ
վ˻ͼĳǽǰפ⸱ͼã̾һ˹֮ɫֱ⸱ͼ˶׷Ѱ
⸱˲Ҳǻϲѵġ
Ȼ
յɫһ˲ᣬǸˡ
ǽ⣬ɫ죬ϼ˵Ǹ졣
һˢһͰϽʪȻǽˢȥ
һˢȥɫ
ˢȥȱ˹⡣
˫ȥǳ


ˢˢ£ǽϵͼʱʧڡ
˾Ŀ⿴ǲټӰǽڣʱһȻ棬᲻ͣ鱯Լ
ʱţۼڳǽǰԽԽ࣬Ƕڰȥˡ
⽥ʢ𣬽ڴϡ
Ѿվˣ˶ɫǸĵģ·ţ
ȴû˳ȥָɳôգֻǾվԶע
ǰ¹ǵĹأһѹˣɻ
ɫĿתרעĿǰǽڣִŻʣһһʵš
ɫһȾѩ׵ǽڣʴճʢķ羰
⵽ʢٵ䡣
⸱㻭һ죬פǽǰΧ۵Ⱥһһ磬¬װֹɪɽ˶Ϣɽǰվ˳ǽǰۿ
һĳԼϣбֻǰһԼģӡԺǸʢ˳
ֱƻ裬ͣ˻ʣһ
ռǽڵʢ֮֮ǰǸͼʮ֮
һǽڣһȴΪ
һǳҹĻǵ׺īɫҹգǳӣޱҹĻȾ䡣¶ޱĺУһҶƯ
ˣ
һճ񷣬ɫ鲼˼䣬貵Ľͷ񷴹䣬鲼οĺУһҶʻԶǰӺӿֳ̫⳯޷˷˶ȥһһһ㡭ջ۳һ
һҫۡ
һһ
һ壬һ
һ䣬һҡ

һ̺
ǽǰ˽Ŀ𺳣ǰǸǽڵʢ֮ǺӴճͼԺտȴֲϵӿֳޱ˼
¶ѳߣŵϦ
һϮɽפڻǰ̾Ϣϧˡ
ôһţôȥ˽أ
ѧ


յһǺӴճͼȡ¬װǸͼǺճͼ֮ת󰲾ճǰǽʢ֮ˣѸٵͰתˡ
Զ֮źһû̫ˣ
¹ǵڶ¬װǸͼϲǿʵ˵ĨȥǸͼʱѹܴˣ±򡭡
ڣĻɫȡǸͼŲڱ
ţղɵؾ̾˿
ֽٺþȵĸоһǡڱıԵ̽
Ȼ˵ģΪҪȥ̽ɽ
תͷĿ⿴һȵɫô
һϮſɽվǰ֮ɫ䵭Ŀ
տһ˵ȻΪҴ㻭ܰ
Ҿ뿪ˡ˵㻭ĲãҲҲ˰
ɽδ˵ֻĿ⿴
ձĿ⿴Щڣգգ˵ûкУ
ûС
ŶںУлĹҪȥɽˡ
ɽٳδ˵ճ£Ȼ˵Ҫ뿪ǰǳԶɢﷹ

ɽĿ⿴һۣδһת뿪ˡ
ա
˵ʲô
Ե׳Բɢﷹô˵һСֹ˾䡣
ʦã
¬װĴ
յϾתȥֻ¬װֹɪվǰ
̫˰¬װվһУôƻҵѪ֮أ
ָ˵ҵǸ
պ޳˵ܱƻô˵ǵ֮أ¬ʦ֣ٽټŬ
¬װ
Ŷ
տǰɪֹ¬װˣ΢Ц˵ҴշɽɣҪҪԶɢﷹ
ɪͬЦҲãҲ뿪Ժǰǡ
ɫЩ˵ô찡
ǵĳ֮λæ粻ɪ˵
մҲµʲôԵ˵ͷ˵Ҳá
Ǿˣ밡˵ҸղɽǵɢﷹûشңҪҪȥ
ɪ
ɪί˵ɽԼ鲻ã㻹Ǳȥɡ
ףʵɽ鲻ãΪβá
Ǳðɡɪ˵
Ŷ
Ŷһ䣬һµ׻ûʳ˭ġ
ȥʳζ¥ɣٴҸǰ̰˵ףǴҶǰƽٻᣡ
ٻᡣ
ٻᡣ
ٻᡣ


108 
ʱ, ս˰¹Ժ, صɽɡ

ɽɡ
ջصŵĵһ飬ȥݼʦǺӡ
ʦ𡣡վ·, Ŀ⿴ϷϵһϮɫ۵Ǻӣе
ǺĿ⿴¶οɫ, ˵, ǳ
ʦˡ˵
ǺɷѿĽȥ¹Ժ, ĥһĥԣǽ޲Ϊ, ɱ, ³ֽɱ, ޷ѳֱвħ
νһɣһħ
Ϊҩһǵķɿ, ȥʱδᵤ, һ, ӽᵤ𵤳ٵĽڡ
ٶ, ҩ졣
ôףʵ˵ջЩ̫ϰ, ǽϰѹΪ, ĥĵĲĽҲܹڽٰͣʮģⶼǳ̬ˣǽܴ, ҲںΪࡣ
ղһˣ°̾һ뵽̫ˡ
һϵϱ˰ˡ
ѹ˵޽ͻľϲҡ
ǺĿ⿴ǿһ˵ȥһµڵʦɡ

̧Ŀ⿴
ҶҪģˡǺ˵ܹ顣
ҲǣЩ״ÿ˶Ҫڽᵤ֮ȥŽһ£ȻҲҪȥġ
ҵȻȥʦ񡣡˵
ǺĿ⿴Ц˵ȥɡ
ֵһ뿪ȥˡ
ת˾ңһųȥ㿴˲Զ˶רȺһϮɫ۵ĴҶ
ǰſˣҶ̧ȥһ˫۾ǰգ϶ʱ¶Цݣʦá
տգգ۾ҲЦĽеʦ֣
һˣʦ֡첽ǰȥҶǰգ۾ʵòʦֿң
Ҷ˵Ȼġ
ʦ㡣Ŀ⿴ǰգһʵǰ㿪ģʦ֣
Զʱ飬ƯƣӲ˵ġ
ǡ
Ҷһ飬֪ܲѣȻ̫ˣֲ˼顣
⻰տɲͲˣⲻ׼ʱˣ֮һͻˣ
ֲ˼ˡղ˵
Ҷ˵ﻹʦңһŶûУ

Ŀ⿴Ͽ˵ʦ֣½£ҳѧϰһ̶ܷɣÿճѧϰѧϰʵûҲûǸ˼ȥдŻϼˡ
ʦҪҰռֱһᣬ¹ԺǸطĲǽܴĵط
̫࣬ˣ
Ҷ⸱²׵ģʱ̲סЦˣŻ᳹ױסˣȥȷܲҡ
ǺܲҰ˵
Ȼˣ㡣ҶʴȵķŹʦ֮
Ŀ⿴գգۣû˵
飬ȷǡѧϰ̫̫ࣨģϼҵʦʦָ֮Ժˡ
ȻĲѧϰ
ҶĿ⿴ʢĹ⣬ʼǳЦţʦá
ţտ
ҶȡһУȻյĸǰ滺ſֻ֣ﾲһɫ͸꣬мһʢĽƵĻ
ǽһĻ䣬ǰʢ񣬲ҽȥ㡣
ۣ
շһĿһգգĿĽɫ꣬ʢеĽ𻨣ޣ
ÿɫģһ˵
ҶϵЦݣɵҲ΢Ц˵ǰȥ̫
һۿʱҾʦ㡣գ˵·ץС
ʦϲ𣿡Ŀǰʵ
ԣ˵ʦҪ͸㲻Ǻϲ𣿡
ţǺϲҶ˵ûҪΪ̫ԡ
տգգۣȻ˵Ҿȴ֮ˡ
ִӴҶùö꣬ܸܵů⡣
걾Ǳ˱Ⱦ˵¡
лʦ֣ҺϲǰҶ˵
ҶЦһϲá

硣
մɽ׼ȥýӸŽÿ״ӱ֮һǺ˵Ҳû£ȥˢˣʡԺ󻹵
ɽǰãһ·ͬŵʦֽǣЩʦ֡ʦһЦߴգҲˣҲˣ˽ͷɴǰʵʦã˵ڰ¹Ժķˮ𣬲͵ŵĽźͲôһˣҪ浱ˣǶȤ
ա
һ㶼Ȥ
ҿΨ²ң
ʦã˵ʥ˵״ӣǱ뷽跨뽫Ҫȥ޵ˣ̫ˣȺ޵ûнǽ޷д
ա
Ҳû˵飬˭˵ģȥ
ʦã˵޽磬޽絽Ļ˽԰Ľգʿˣ𣡡
ա
ھȥ¬װ˭Ҳң
ʦã˵ɽɵʦ㣿ۣˣ
ա
ۣⶼˣ
Ҫꡣ
ձȺİԵĳΨ²ҵĻаϢʦ㡢ʦһʵɫӲһ£λʦ֡ʦ㣬һ´ģ´İ
ʮΪϼƣˣˣ
յϣ˵תˣܵķɿ죬вǻ
ʦñߣİ
һкö㣡


ţֱûԶ֮Űһ̲סֲ˲ͷϵĺ̫ˣ
Ⱥ޳ʱˣʱˣ
ģеģ
°һ䣬ʱñǵˣõˡ
һʱ˲ˡ
뵽վһ䣬°ޣȫȺеõû²дʲô޽˾֪µľЩδ)ˣ
ۡ
һЦ
ջͷȥֻ֪ʱһλɫ۵վ̿Ŀ
ϵɫʱ󾽣ðŽеʦ֡
λ׵۵겻ֽϵĵӣμ档
ôμ棬װ¾ڲԼŵľ˵
ʦѰġμ˵
ԣ棬ʵʦѰң£
šμ˵ͷ˵ᵤÿµһᣬ״𵤵ӵķݶ
֮ǰ겻ڣˣԵ֮ǰǷµĲϡμ˵Ȼóһ
ԭǮİ
Ե˵лʦˣ
ԭŮ


109 
̧ǰμ, һ, Щӡ
νÿ޽еʢᣬʱϾŶۼһ, ۵
˵ŵҲֻһʮɣʮԴ
ʵҲıᣬΪ, , Ŷؾ̽ա
μǰѰ, ׼ڶ׶εŶ
ǡֵɽɾУɽɵĵưɡ
ɽڰǰ㿪ʼﱸ, ڵĵӸıѰö, ǰӦĥϺ, Ϊ֮׼ûջЩеһǿϧǰȥ˰¹Ժ
ԾǱɽɵб֯ս¸ĥĬ, ڷܱʼҹսŬѧϰ
ɽɵ޿Ϊ, ѧѧϰԳɼ
иƨð
뵽, ϵɫе㽩, СоԼƺЩѧ֮һҩĻΪ, 󾳽ĽˮƽԼǼн, ʱˣã⻹Ҫʲôглѧϰѧϰʹҽ
ʦֻûж𣿡Ŀ⿴, ˵
Ϊʦֵ˶ǣʦײ¶ƻɣĥǹǲġ
¸¾ˣʦֻδв飬ˡ
μƽ糣˵Ҳʲô鶼УҵĿǶʤ
ա
һĹֱ
ʦ費

ʦֶôģĿӾȵĿˣԼûء
ջţûüȥ飬Ҫμἰ飬Ƶùü˲ϾŸս˼С
šμ濴Ӧá
ա
ȻҲԼܺãǱ˵Ŷ
ҾӦʵҲһܰס΢Ц˵
μ濴һۣʵǿ˵ãҲá
ա
һרźҳ𣡣
μĲı仯˵ãѵǺ𣿡
Ϊλ
Ǻ¡
̾˿˵ʦֻΪãѡΪѣǻؿǡ
Ͼⶫ˵һ˾Ͳ㣬ǳһõˡ˵԰ҴٲȫҸϲܹסĶ
μĿ⿴ƽ˵֪
Ϊļ󡣡˵
˵֮Цʦֿ˵
ô˵ҲӦ㡣ǰμ棬һ˵㻹ȥһѡ
Ҷ𣿡μ˵ɫ⣬ֻҪʦӦ˱ްҶǱһȥͬ˵
˵زˣյ˵ͷ˵ʦû飬Ҿ׼ˡ
μ濴˵ˣʦˡ
ұȸˡ
˵ת뿪ˡ
վԭؿ뿪ӰɵصЦһλʦֿǸˡ
μֽϵ״ӣҲΨһͽܡΪֽϵ⣬ηĹȨ˳ֽϵϣֽϾ൱ʵϵĸȻ岢δиְλ
ǻڴˣεĳֽδµӷȨλͬǽĻ£ֻһӡ
μһεĳֽϵ״ӣ嶤һ
˵ֽǸĸ֣ߵĹϵǺ׽໥βŶԡ
ʵϵȷҲˣǺӺͳֽϵĹϵĪ棬μʹҶҲ໥Ͽɣ˴ʱʶμ֮ĹϵȴЩΣƽٴ򽻵
ԭΪʮǰһ׮¡
ԭͳֽ϶εɱһ壬ֽϲٳϽһ壬ศɡǺӣҶΪͽȻǼ̳һ֮λ֮μλ΢
ȻǺӺն񣬵ǳֽϺμ治֪ټϲϵ˴䣬ܳһʱһϵͳֽһϵϵţ漰˵塣
Ҳ˷籩պμĹϵΣֱǰǲ䲻ȵģڼ˵ͷкĵزμʵȡ
ʾãĶ顣
μ淲׼ĳӣʱգǷж飬Ǳζһֱڵա
յĶ飬Ψһѡ
ƶղܾ
ʵϣҲȷûоܾɣμ𵤺ΪȻʹҶǰɱҲǸʵĽޣҲܴ򣬲ڳıͳƣŶܷӴáصǣμ滹ǻӳˣΪһεĳֽϣһֱǴλ
μӣõǿʤʦìܡ
ӳӳȻʦְ
Ȼ϶ǺʦһӵģŶΪάƽÿֻ֧һԪӤʿǶԪӤʿȻʦ֣ʦΪߵˣȻǶӳ
Ϊֽϵӵμ˶֮õĥϵ⣬Ϻʦ֡
ô룬նûоܾɡ
ֻһ֣ʦôȥʦ֣רʦѵȨ
£շŹ⣬
һ¾ˣǶȫˣ
ͷ˾ͳˣҿٶȣһŻŵһ죬ͽ㶨һˡ
µ⼫ˡ

μ֮ȥŽ
գ硣
ձ㴩һϮɫȥŵĽãȥĺ磬ıϥϷϣεĵǰ
½½ϵŵӽ·ǰ
ȵõĴ죬ʱ
Ϸ۴Ŀ·һɨһ۾Ϳ·ȺеһϮˮɫȹ˪¡
ţǡǰǸˡաĽ𵤺ͽĵӵġŮ
ᣬŮżѵϾ˶ëû죬ͷûû˲ڷܺѡ
ݹЩڴ־۷ĵӣһй֮׿ޥʣԾˣˡ֮Ҫܹˣӱĵط
Щ˪¶ûС
ķʼڶˡաĽ𵤺ͽģڴ֮ǰֻһ˵ʵпɵŵӰˡ
ŵǧǧ̫ˣûвôڡ
ĿֻƳһۣջĿ⣬δ
̫ˣ˪²Ա
׷˵ûˡաĽ𵤺ͽģǰǰ㷢
ĹҰˣ˪Ǹ˽׳аֶΣò
΢΢ü⣬ûСաĽ𵤣ֻҲһˡ


110 
Ƴһ·ŵ˪һ, ȻջĿ, ¶⣬⡰ǰաĲҰٴη, ֪ѶȷԸ
ģ񣬹̨, ڽ
·ĵ, ר, Ž˵ĽǶѵñĵá


˴νһʱ
ս㵽˽λ򡣡˵, ȻƮȻȥ
뿪֮, µը˹
ʦ𣿹Ȼ, £
ҿʦĻʱԺǸֳЩݣ޷רע, 
ʦ岻¾, Ҳ޾, ȻǸŮ޵ҲĶ, ˭أ


뿪֮δ뿪ȥݷ˴˷ԵĺѺ߶
ӷʱ, Ѿǰʱȥˡ
ձɽ, ׼ȥ塣
յĺãͷտԶƮտϣɾûһ˿, ˼֮ضɵصĿҲʡɽߵľһ紵Ķ
յĽŲ˼֣˾˼򵥶ֻҪеһ΢ĩĺ¾ܹǵãʵĺ
õ鲢δá
ʦã㽫ҵĶңһмصŮǰ
ʦ㣬˵ôҺʱĶشһ
װˣ֪
ͣ½Ų̧Ŀ⿴ǰֻԶŮִݣԱһȺΧۣ֣ŵӡ
Ⱥ쳤˲ΧŵǣղɵسǣԹȻıԣҲĲˡ
֮ĿҲִݵŮ޿ȥŮ֮һ΢ȵɫɣʶ
ִеλŮޣλͱҪԸ黹ĶŮƣһλῴȥ޹Ů˪¡
ա
ǡŮµһǿġ
Ķ
ں棬һʱҲδ뿪Ǽȥ
ıʣûˡ
һͱ˵Ķǰ޹˪£ǿӲ˵ûǹϷԭҵڸһ
ʦ㣬ҵ治֪˵ʲô˪˵һɶҲ֪ɶҲû޹ƢģûƢģԵöƺǽ
ԶʱЦһҪǰЩŴùĽ߽ҵΪԴģҵĶ
ڡҵĶҧĿĶ
˪ʦҵġ
û
һǳɫ۵޺س˽˪ǰʵɫƵĶǰƣ˵͸ģ޹أѰұǣαΪʦá
ǣ
ԶʱЦһָǰͻȻ˪µʦ־һƿڴһδȥ㣬㵹Ҳãʡȥȥ㣡
治ҪҵĶȥֱŮ˻ģ㽫ҵĽ͸Ů˵ʱ֪ƭȥ𣿡ƶһ䳰ȷŶȻȻ֪ϾǱ߽ȹһ
Ҽװ޹ףʲôҲ֪ޣԸʧˣǵʧ䣿ƺеŮģ˪ʵ˵޳ܰ
˪ûϵôʲô˵ϵɫʱһһףܴĿ˽һѿ죬ǰ˵ʦˡ
ˣЦһʲô
ʦҵģ޷ȴһģˡ˪ΪԼ
ԣģ˪ǰ˵޹أҪ˳ұΪ޹ˡ
ƼֱҪԹŮЦˣŮĻеĴǰôûô۾Ϲ𣿿ôɫ֮תͷ˪²һףǸҲͰˣҿɲס
㵫еֱ߳ܺҲɲ˶飬ⲻǵһ˰ɣ㻹˶ϰˣʲôöҪֶҲҪŪ
˪±⻰˵ɫһףɫҲ˼֣Ӳ˼˵ʦ㣬Ҳƴ󣬵Ҳġ
ˣҷ˵а٣۸Ǻǣңң˭۸㣿ûǸʱҪŪҵıϢƭԼʦõĶȥˣͬһԸԼʦá춾˿档
˪º䳰ȷһƬѿĺܡ
ĺʦãʲôǻȥ˵αֵôѿ˿Цȥ
Ц˭ЦңЦĶǰҪǣֲңкκµģƶǺЦ˵ǶҪˣô±Ц
˲棬ϵıҲȥĿⲻƿʦã㵱Ҫô𣿡
ǣֻҪҵĶд𣿡Ʒʵ
ܵŵԽԽӳЦıĿ⣬˪ԽѿͰޣ޼ˡ
ĿһתǰվŵһϮɫԶԶգʱ۾һҵһ㣬еʦ壡
ͻȻеֵա
ͷԹҲзˣ
вͱˡ
˪µĽڳ˵Ŀⶼǰա
ʦ壡
˪¿첽ĳȥǰ齹Ŀ޹ֿ˵ʦᣬҽͣΪ˵顣

ûɣ
Ŀ⿴ãȻ󻺻˵ʦֶ⣬ԵȥͬͣѰҲãֲ͡
룬ֵ˾䣬ֻ·ʲôҲ֪óȻڡ
˪¡
˪ĿȻ漴ֻһȻı飬ʦ㲻ҽ͡
ú˵˻ɡ˵
˪¡
ۡԱߵԶʱһЦˡ
˪ôһί޵ģͲˣվָ˵ʦ壬㵱һʦõĻǲ
ա
Ѱ˼ţղŰػҲû˵ɣ
ԶʱЦˣĿ⿴һվΧ۵ŵһۣʵǿҷʦֶ𣿡
ʵŵǷ׷׿ڵûУ

ûе飡ʦˮɣǲë


ܵŵǶʱС˵ԩ˵ɡ
̾˿ǰ˪˵ұǵ֮飬ȻǶҵͷϣҪΪҹұһʡ
Ŀɨǰơ˪£ʵ˭ܸԵɣ
˪¿⸱ӣ֪Ϊһ㤣æͷֱ
Եſ˵ҽʦõĽȻ͸ʦãʦ֪Ѱʦ鷳
תͷƣԴкҪ˵
˵ʦֳҽ轣ʱ˵÷ҪڵӴô˽ҽ輸գѰ˼Ŷͬʦñˣ˭֪תͷȥ͸ʦãҵĶɣ
ʦã֪⽣ҵģô˽ȹȴʦҵĽ˵޹񲻿ЦЦ˵ҲδʲôֻҪҵĶôһ޹۸ӣ˭أ
˪Ҳ˵ǵģģû˼ֻʦֵʢȴҲµģΪ⽣ʦġ
ƨôңʵ
˪¡
Ŀ⿴ˣ£Ȼ˵ҷʦҲִߣ˶˵Ƿϣȥһˣɽðɡ
˪¡

˪µɫˢһ°ˣıҲÿȥ
ȫûϵջô½˽þͲһˣֵöִ֮ͬ˽ÿɾǴϴŹеġ
˪ºʶǡ̯ϴˡ
գǺ鷳ŶһҰƫ̻ǽȥִɡ


111 
˪ºɫ, ǸЦʦӢ͸, ȥãõ˲þ
ȵ°ܻ޳˲, ֱ׳ҪԼĶΪҪ飿
˪ɫѿҲάֲסǸ޹֮, ǰյʦ, ûҪֵ, ֻǼС¶ѡ
ҧҧ˵ҽ󻹸ʦǡ
һԵԶʱը, ƽȥŭһֱȼ, ⻰ʲô˼ʲôңⱾҵĶ𣡡
¶⸱۸, Ҳܺ𣿡Ҫ޳ܸЦˣûȥ״Ƕƭҵķ, Ѿʴ, 㻹һ, ۸һ
Ŀ⿴һ, ʦֶܣһıˡҪȥҽòþ, ƾ뵽ȥ״ƭ, Ҫȥ״ˣʾͲһˣӵ²·
뵽㣬˪ȻҲ뵽, һ˵˪ϵɫ䣬Խѿˣ־壬ȥ״棡
汻ȥ״ƭĻϵϴˣ˪ºڼˣͲΪʶ߽֮󣬱⣬д˽ǱŵӴӻʤϣԲŻǰƵĽֻ߽Ķ߶˵˼Σŵ˲żüãԻŴȱȻǼ֣ʵ΢Ҳ޷Ҳ֪ܷһĳʸ񡣡
˪˵ɫֵģֵҲʦǰи۰ʦˡ
ĽʦĽ߽
ο˵˶νΪʦĽˡ
ԣ˪ϵɫӵ䣬̾һǳʦ֪ʦⲻ˵ҰʦһֱҲ䲻ȣʵҲ֪Ǻá
ԣüչɫ²ɵϧ𣬰ο˵վüģνġ
ϣɡ˪鲻õ˵
⸱չģ¶ʱһʦ಻һ󣬲ǰȥʱʦһãʦöɹѹء
뵽ǰ˪¸ϧͬ˲ͬʦôþǳԿûóûɽԶʦõʦȴΪиõѹʦһͷŴȣʦȻᷲ¶ΪʦÿǺá
ƺʦͬţ˶еͽܣƸеĶŮܲԼŮģ˶ŮΪͽԽ̵ҲжϢԳ֮⻹˺üͽ²ͽ
ƺĹϵһֱϾʦͬţԲˡҲ˺߽ҲıȻҲۣûֱ˵Ҫȥ˪ãֻǵΪŴ׼ʦõĽ߽һá
Ʋδ룬û˵ԼʦҪ跨һʦС
û뵽Ž߽תͷȥ˪ڡ
Ŵϣƿ˪ĽɱķƲɵֱӳδȡǰʮĺΣҲõ볡ʸ񣬵ը
˽˪ҪĽ߽֮¡
ΪֻǴƵĽ߽˪ãŵӴȽ֮㻹ȥƣģһֱڽ߽˪µСΪÿεſ˪ἰʱ˪¶мĶ˵߽Ȼûôõĳʸ񣬶ʦ֣̫лˡ
̧ӯӯЦȻ˵ʦ治֪ǺˣҲˡ
мκĿ⣬ʱʲôҲ˵ˣʱô˿ڣԱɴʲô˵ˣʦҲӼգȵٹ黹ɡ
ŵӴϿȥõĽ߽˪µУըһֱһͣҵûĽͣ黹Ҳڲᣬƶʱ̲ȥˣպýŶǰգȥͬǰ˪¡
ϣһֱ̲ȵ֮㲻ֱٰ˪£

ܱƭ
˪°¾ģ̧ȻŵĿǰƣʦôңǵ𣡡
ҲʦҲйϵˣɳ֮£˪ı顣
һԵ״ۼˣŭ𲪷ǿѹƳͺˣ
ۼҪʱˣǷǺڰ׵˽ֻжۣҲá
Ŀ⿴ſ޹˪ºŭ𲪷ָƵ˵ҪʦʦÿЦ
˪ºôһѣʱһϣ̧ͷȥֻ֪ܲѾۼվˣһƬȺ˶Ŀ⿴ָָ㣬
ʶ㣬˪ֻһѣΣ˼£еָ߬Ƥסǵѣ˹ȥ
鲻ִȥˣ˿Цˣ
˪¹ϵ˾ȡᣬ̧ǰգ԰ǿмһĨЦݣյ˵Ǿˣǰ·
Ŀ⿴һۣ¶߿˼֣ǡŮĻֶΣҲϣ֮Ѹٵȡᡣ
ɡơ˪˵
Ȼ˸ǰȥ˽á
ԹϳԵòֺŵǣų˵Ĺϣԥ£ȻɵĸȥԹϳԵһ˸£ȻǸŹȥʣµһ밡
ǰƳĸǳһԹȺڣʱǣǺεִŵĳԹϾ
á
մơ˪ºյãڽõĴſһϮ尵۵Ľִġ
⸱Ҫȥڴſײǰ֮Ҳ뿪ˣƳһŵȺСβͣȻջĿ⣬ڳǰգʾʵô£
ģŵȺСβǣʱҴһ£°㣬ôײ
̲ˣñسͣȥٵѲƤܳΪִߵ۵ݲɳӣִ³ɽ򽻵ĵطŷɥ
ΪִߵæµǴ´񾪶ξȻôɵıڽõĴſײˣͣˣֹͣˣˡ
Ҫ꣡
ʦúʦҪ꣬ҲģвҲȥ
ʱȺԹΧ۵ŵǶʱǰ˪ºһɫ˵
˪ºǿĵʱֱɫͲҰûһ˿Ѫɫ˪ֻǰ󷢺ڣ˫ȿվסˣӲǰһ¶˿ŲǰǱ
ǿţӲֱͦ˱κ˿Ц
ĵʣƽ糣Ľơ˪µ˵ִԹ͹۹˿СеĲĩ˵ִþ
Ļ֮Ŀ⿴һۣһΪСң
յûĿ⣬˱飬жأ
ƳһۣƽǵС˼Źתơ˪¡
˪µͷҿɫɫףҲţλִƽõηˡ
Ľ˵ɫ۵ףִƽö꣬Щʲôʲôܲףһۿ
ǿ˵־ᣬͱ׹ƻȦ׶֪Ƿǲ֣̤ͬţ֪ڸģ׶ʮ£¾͡Ǿһٱ飬¡
ա
ͺö
ûʦ廹һĶ࣡
񲻸ʲȴ˵ʲôֻӦǣܷ
ĿƳһۣǵ㲻ʼǺ޲Ϊ⣬תͷһԵ˪£˵ϲ⣬װ£Źһٱ顣

˪µʹͷҧ˴ʹµסĺ裬ǡ
㡣ĿƣȥǾһٱ飬ԡ
ơ
ʲô
ҲҪܺ߰
ҿ飬ſӣС˵ǡ
µˣд¾ʮ飬ЧȡĿƳһۺȺԹϵŵǣ˵
ŵǡ
޹İ
Թзա

ɢ˰ɡ˵
õȺŵˣǣ
ͷɱܵò졣
˪һԽ˽췣
ˣĶǵûһ
˪½Ųһ٣ȻתһԵȡ˽󣬽佻ơ
ֽӹĿƳһۣҪһȴ˼һԣסˣû˵ɶ
˪µʹͷһԲתˡ
֮Ŀ⿴ơ
ͻȻϵơ
ʱĽţ£
֪롣
Ŀ⸱˵ʲôʱ뿪
ߣ˵
Ȼԥתɿˡ
г˵Ķһ㣬ܵ졣
ա
˲ֻʣˣ¶ʱãҲ볷ˣ¿ʼŸǵĽڡ
ǻδıĿ⿴ʵʲôʱñ
ա
ʲôʱӦҪˣ
Ѿܾ


112 
տǰش, , 겻ʦ˵Ĺѧ·ˡ
ʦԾͷ·ѴӦҪȥְһ㣬ؿɼ, ϴδɹں𣡸ûе飬ڵġ
Ķսúְִִ֮ţΪʱƶĶε, ÿһζվܾˡ
ǽ, 㲻ˬ, Ҫȥ޼Ĵִ
ղ°ٴΣҲܾϰٴ, ȥܾʦһֽڡ
Ϊܾ̫, õɶ˱, ÿپܾĵʱ򶼵÷Ϻô󾢲µɣܾԽԽˡ
ͺñ, һʱҳʵľܾĵĽ, Ե, ҲܾĻ, ȴֱ˵˵ղײ, ͽɣ
Ҳ, ˳ͬҽȥְȡ˽ִߵơĿ˵
ա
ʦ⸱Ӻÿ£ͷ·ҪǿСΪ潡һ㣡
뻢ڣԶȥˣ
֪ײ
һδʦ, ˡҲܴӦڵȻ̧ܾǺơ
ǺӵʱüĿ΢΢һ£ȻˣѲǺܸ־
ʦҵ־ֻҵѡ񣬵ֻ϶ǲܶ˵ģҪ˵ǳõĴˡ治ɫ˵ʦΥʦġ
Ŀؿһۣ˵棿
Ȼ棡ӲͷƤ˵
ˡ˵
ա
ʲô
ǰ⸱飬֪Ϊ¶ʱ𲻺õԤУַ·˵ĸо鳬ƿء
ʦ˼һᶮὫ˵İɣ
һİɣ

մӽôſ뿪ʱ˶·һ㣬ʦġʢ顱ʵмܲס´λǱܿáִʦʱûĳɣҪȻҪץ׳ˣ
һ㶼뵱Ѳ߱ĽִߣΪһˣ˭ֲ͵أ
սŲ뿪Ҳ·ʲôˮһ㡣
ԶԶأͿǰȺһϮɫȹƣվ·ڵһ㡣
ʦ壡ƿе
˹ȥʦֶ
ʦ壬㣬лƿЦ˵ͱջһЩΪǽˣֻǸӣֻܳƺΪʦ塣
ǰ׵ʱǺǰݷʱʱһʱ곤Ʊʦչǳԣ档
û뵽񵱳ǸιŵСʦѳ˽ˣҲֻܹƺһʦ塣̾˺˰в࣬Ȳá
ءƽ˵ɫȻʲôҲδǽñִ
һ㶣ЦǣӦá
ǰݶɫȻֱСʦ壬룬˿˼˰ѹֺһɴʥĲѣң
ʦ塣еȻ̾˿Ҫ˪¹ȥʵ
Կ
Ƽ˵˪ǻװģװ԰ȡͬ飬ıȡ档һѱĵ˪ʶ˪ãϤ֮ǰԼжȱҩʯ
ѳͣȱҩʯ޵ĿӼӵҩʯصĵرٵ˪ûٴŪ˵Ȼһ䣬ֵ⳯ϰԿǸĲˡ
ҲͰˣֻһ̰֣˲ϲҲδ֮᲻Ը˸ϵĵزƼ֮۶һ飬ݶνΪʦνмֽ飬Űݷöν⡣
νǵ֮󣬲δһڴӦҲδֻܾǳһ˵ǽұΪͽѴſȥ֮󣬱һڽ⡣˪¼δѣȥѰڵ֪æʲô֮󣬱㲻ɫ˿⡣˵ﲻɵЦһ˪¾ʹſĴǰȥѰ˶νǷƽȣǷӦƫ˽⿪˶νĿ֮ǷܵͬȴΪĵӣ
ա
Ȼͳ˶νĵӡЦڽ̰ɲֶε֮ˣ
Լ˪µ͵ӣ̧ǰ˵ʦ˵֮˷ߺޣԵɡ
Ѵˣ˰ʦᣬ֪˪°˶νΪʦ޷סĴһʧͱѱѵ˫شʹ಻˵ѷǵԱ֮ˣһδԽ˴ŵӴȣѱǳ˪ǰȥһϸ¡

ղµˡ
ԣʦ׵ҵ𣿡ƿգ˵ǰȥΪͣѩһѩǰܣŴȵ̨ϻ˪£˪ҵĽȥԸҵѣ
ʱҵ飬ָеѿһѿɫҧгݼҺջӮˣ򣬷޷ԭԼҲ˪ºǶԹŮ
ֻĽתͷȥͱŮˣ᲻˵Ҳŭŭǣ֪Щ飬֪˪ƭѣͱͱֺ׼Ҳ֪ѹϵǳͬһ㣬
⽫ںεأȥѣ
ѵûʲô𣿾ûʱʲô
ʦ֣ϤĽ̵ͽΪһŮڲʲ֮أ

ãδ˵
գ̧ͷĿƽĿǰɫ߿ƽƣ˵ϲ
ֻ˵̵֡
ϵɫһ¾ƽһ̲סЦˣֲ˲۽Цᣬϵɫһķŵķߺޱ䣬Цãǰ˵ллʦ壬ʦá
տ룬˵ĸ֣Ŭ
Ѷһһ
ԹЦţʦ弪ԡ
Ҳ֪ΪҪʦ壬ֻΪͣҲΪʦŰɣЦ⣬˵ʦǵģ
ҲʦΪǽƽϵС۱Ƣˣ͵͵˵

Ϊơ˪º˵飬ʱ䣬ջȥʱѾˡ
ջȥãӭһλˡ
ʦáվһϮɫ۵ƽ̴ʦɷ翴ǰ򿪷ŵգЦŽе
տɫ΢£Ȼ˵ʦ֡
ʲôӣˡŮˡ
ΪǰĵŮ˪£տǰΪŰΪŮˡա𵤵ġɷ磬Щˡ
»ģǰɷ粻ǡǰǸΪŰΪŮ˲ɥµġ׵ɽƽ̴ʦ֣ΪûɹǨŭ
Ŀǰġ
ʦ֡տ˵к£
ɷ翴Ц˵ʦòҽȥ𣿡
΢ü˵Ǹʦ֣׼ϢԲӴ㡣
¿˵ɷ
ɷĸϿͲΪȻЦЦ˵ģʦãй¸ᣬղŴӰ¹Ժػδü׼
ԣǷԸҵĶأǰʵ


113 
Ŀⶨǰɷ, ֮, ЦһʵʦֵĶ˻δȫ𣿡
ɷ治ɫ˵, ʦ˱ȫˡ
Բÿɷ˵ǿҪʦֵһˣѾ˶顣
, ɷü, ˵˶̵ʱ, ʦҪһ֧²ףαԶ, £
̾һ, ˵Ϊ, ҲŲܴӦʦֺ⣬ȥʦֵĶ, ҶеָǺãҲܽǶ²
ʦơɷ̾˵, ҲҪΪԼ, ¾Ὺʼһ, ʱļ¶ʵ£ῪʼʦǶ˻δȫ, Ǳ㲻ˡ
Ͳʦֲ, һ취ġտ˵ʦֺˡ
ɷ̬ȼüĵȰʦúβҵĳ⣿һֱΪ㱣λֱ
տ, ̾һ˵ȱһʦֵĶҲȱ˰ɣҵĶͲһȱһһҲˣǵΡ
ʦֻֽΪ¶ذɡ˵

ɷ翴ᶨ޶ҡɫԼµɫҲ΢Щ죬׻δֻм΢˵ϣʦõʱڰɣ
̾˿Ȼת뿪
վſڿȥӰ׼ŹתݣȻδţһϮĺ쳤ȹҡǷʦ˽
ʦ㡣տЩȽеǰһ㡣
߽ǰЦһ˵֡
ϱĿָ
㶼˰˵
ǰ粻ɣպøҸôһ˵־ľܾ
̧ʵγԣ
ҲûԲ֪ʦѾȫСӶϳؾ̽պüˣ໥ĥϵĲˡ˵ŲʲôܣԼⶼ֪
˵գЦһԣʦҲǺ˼ģӣ̫𣿡
ա
̾˿˵ҵǲ֪
ˣ˵ˡھɷҲǺ˵θڣԸʦǰΪ£
ҲԸڱ˵лֻһʡʲôҲ֪˵Ҳ˳Ļ˵һȥ¹ԺǴ꣬þδ㣬ˡЦ˵Һͼλͬʦ¥˸ʦÿ
ԣЦˣͣĸҲ͡
ǽҹʱ䣬ϵطʦôݰ˵
ҡյ

ҹ¥
һģȥʱ򣬰˶ѾˡĿһɨ˼ţλͬţһյԩ»ʦ㣬һȨʦ㡣
Ž֮󣬷ڵ˷׷̧ͷȥˣſЦеĿ˵һ̶絽ŵ
˹ȥ˿λȻԵǸλ£ʦֲǲ֪æ˵꣬һҪȥ
ջ֮ûЪ֮󣬳һ˵벻һſ̱ϧܣҪӵĺ
ʦԶʱЦˣȤ˵æʦæ
գ̧ͷĿѯʣ
ʦ㣡ԭüԵ̧Ŀǰţֹ
ŲŲвôȤ鲻˵û˼ˣɥʧȤ
ԣ̵ֱɹЦеĶռ˵ģʦһʵʣǺ˴һܣȻִִһܣһ˵һȺ·磬ֵþ˽ãһ˽ãʦñؽһ죬д¾.ʰƪʮ顣
ա
ô⣿
̱⻰һۣ˵ôҲ⣿
Ȼǣֻ㲻Ǳؽ𣿡ճ˵
ֱӱӦЦˣһߵʦҲ̲סڴЦһ
ǵȻΪʦͷҪͽּۻۣ˵²ܹؽգҪءܽôƣҧŲżҪ뿪ҲûӣֻвҪƵ죬ǾҪͷȻ󰡡˵ž;úЦȻʦþ˦һԥתˡ
ȫʱ̺ԥͷҲص뿪λʦ֣Ͼı顣
ʲôʱô˵ˣղ
ЦЦ˵ȻΪʦñ޴Ҳֶμ˵㣬Ҫ˵ЩҲô򡣡
ܷһˣҲǱСʹһѡ
ɫˣ׷˺£ʦô˶ˣ
Ȼ䣬ȴǻƢˣǲԵ޹ʻ˶ֵˡ
ſǰ˵ʦЩϵ
Ŀ⿴ϱдԻ
ЦݵЩ赭дЩڵҥĨʦ㣬˵ˣǽɸͽݴѹͨӣ˶ʦǶ˿ֶ֡
ա
ֱԻΪͣһֵı飬ô֪ˣ۵˭˭Ķ
ϾȻĶǵʲôﰡ
յĹעеƫ
ű⸱ԻãȻд±ƵıЦˣЦ˵ʲôɷ֧
ɫӾˣҼǵҾܾûɣңô֪ʦҵģ
ܲɷ˵ȥİɣɵ˲˵
˭֪ء˵֮ģЩеһɷСӵˣ˵ɷҪ߳ȥȥ߲ʣһĴĨҥ㣬ִ󡣡
˴ˣֳ˵زɷ뻻ˣҲһˡɷ˶Ҫʵˡ
ģΪȷͼٵõʵʵ棬ڵɷգǶԺˡһΣأһɳ졣ȽϣȡһĿȻ
ֻûϵģվܾɷ硣
ûҪˡ
ʱÿЦŭģȥɷ磬ҥᣬ˵ѹȴһɷ֣ҲǿЦ
ҪȰֲң˵ǲҵΪӵɷ磬ˮЦһ˼ĻֶȫʹˣҪ˼ϣ˵Ϊˡ
ԽԽû˼Щ˰С˼һһࡣ
Ȼأ̧ǰţʵνģ
˵ʦǵҥĨ֮ǰȥ䳰ȷһ٣ʦƢ㶮á
ţҶյͷ˵ȫŵ˵νȺ̣׵ġ
̡
ʲô˼
ôˣ
̶ʱǶ˵Ļɫ죬ȴΪŴϵףŲ÷
ը
Ⱥ˺ıʦţͶˡʦµˣʲãһǰγһŹһȺΧ۵Ǽ̬ճȥ˽õˡ˵ִ˽ʦúȺһȫȥ˽ãһһʣ֪ԭίȥʦ֡
ѯʦֿд¡˵ȻЦ£̧ǰ˵֪ʦ˵ģ
˵޴£δҪˡ



114 
ɷ, ˵δ, Ⱥ˱ҥͬߣĺòҡʦΪ³嶯çײ, Сʹ룬ؽһգ¾ʰƪʮ顣˵
ԲɵسĬ, ɷΪ޷Ƕ, 
Ӻܾǰʼ, 㷢ˣɷǸΨˡΪɽƽ̴ʦֵɷ, ³, ֶԲ, ˮ©Щƽ̴ʦ֮λĲûйҲп, Ҳδʲô
ҲΪû漰ɰɡ
ֻҪǣɷ, ǳȿɿĴʦ֡
ݹɷΪ, 뿪ǰ¹Ժ겻, ɷ齨һ֧СӣҾʱĥ, ˴ϤĬջ֮, ɫӣڲ֮£ǴӦˣȰһʱ, ˿϶;ӵգˣɷ绹װһˡվܾ͵顣ңûϵǸȿɿĴʦ֡
ֻû뵽⣬֪©ɷС˵֪˴£ȥһǣУȻɷ绹Ӱ졣ֵˣҲʵʰɣҲԸܷҲԸӡ
ԭֻǼ򵥵һС£ӲǱŪô໨չ붼Ǿۣ˸вͬҲ˵ѳɱܣÿ鶼ʶȥѡԼġ
ͬΪı
վã֮£ֱƢ𱬵ʦҪɰĶˣͷأ
ţձϱ̵Ķ˵лʦ㣬û뵽ʦȻάңʵҸжѡ
̡
ʲôû뵽
ǿ⸱ӣһ˵飬ҿɲΪͷֻǿЩҥ߶ѣջ˱ˣҲӲġ
Ŷ
ûʲôŶ
̡
⸱Ӹˣ
ǣֲܷʲôһŶסл
գֻһأԺȾơ
տŶǲܷί飬¸ӿˣЦеĴյǰƵлʦάҰʦˣﶼء

ƳһЦо˳˵㣬һһԲĺľơ
Ҳһڸˣĩ˵һơ
˭̵ʱըëˣǺЦҪ顣
ţ顣û뵽һ仰ֵըҩͰ侲˳ë˵
ļһֳ°ͣЦеĿ¾ȤʦúʦõǸأǲأ

ƹѲ
ɫļЩĿŶգЦʵʦĶ˿ȫˣ
˵
Ծ˵ʲôʱһ
̧˵ʦ˵ҪӣԾ
μ氡Ц뷨
ͬǴʦ֣ҾμҪɷúãɷ˰Ҳ򽻵ʲôʱ˶֪˵
ղδ仰״ƿ˵ȶǶжˣ
Ȼ˵ֲʦ֣㣬ǰûǸĺͰġ
ģֻʦ˰ɡ˵ȻЦ£Ҳʦһֱ㡣
ɷľɡ
룬Ȼͷ˵ǡ
˵գ򴽣Ц绨ʦһֱܺá
Ϊ⣬Ϸһķɫůٻﲨת֣纬ˮ
ȵͷʱⳡɢˡ
մһȥ
ص塣
ԶԶأձ㿴Ժ⣬һϮɫ۵ĸͦ޳ĴҶïǡ
ڵһ㡣
ʦ֡˾䡣
ǰվŵĴҶŰ㣬̧ȥ˫ɫľˣ鱦㣬ԡ
աǰգ
ռӿ˽Ų˹ȥʦ֣ôˣ߽֮ڽеΪżɬơ
ŵǹŨ˵ľҶüĿ⿴ʵȾˣ
šյ˵ͷ˵ʦȥСۡ
Ҷ֪ͼһȺڵʦǹϵãǶ˾䣬´ٺȵ㣬̫˲á
Ŷ˵Ϊƺȶе⣬˿ӲǺѣӦЩٶۣ˵ҲЩģţʦֵģ´ٺȵ㡣
Ҷ⸱ģɵ´ǣḧͷţҪ
ɫ¡
վǰ̧ͷգ۾עӣü˷ʦ֣
棬ȵȡ
գգ۾ĿϸĶŴҶǵǿ࣬ôһ飿ϸʦֵеף·˭һȭһ
ǡһ紵մ˸һ飬˹ԵľҲȥ˴룬˼ֿǰҶֻҶ˰ߣ෢ϡ
ղô˧ģ
϶ǽɫ̫Ĵۡ
˾˲ˣû˾ĴҶ⸱ŹӼֱҲ̶á
ʦ֡еǲǺ˴ȥˣ
ⲫ֡
ҶӦš
˭ˣʵº棬ʦ־ȻҲк˴ܵһ죡˶˭ôбŭְ
Ҷ˵˸ɷ硣
ա
һɷ磬֪ΪʦҪȥˡ
̾˿˵Ȼʦȷù֣ʦҲûҪȥ֣Ǳ߲ý
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οһƽ̴ʦ֣һͽӰ첻á
ҶԡšȻ˵Һδ
ա
ûⲫˣԲ㴥Ź
ʦҲ߼ţ
նʱˣҵʦ֡
۰˵Ȼ̧ḧһǰҶǣʵ㲻𣿡
Ҷվһ۾һգգ˵㸧֮󣬾Ͳͬˡ
Զʱһۣ˵Ϲ˵
ֲҩ
ǡҶ˵õҩ
㣬ҾͲˡ˵ҲҪۡ

ᴹջ֣δԡ
֮˵ʦ֣мˡ
£Ҷʵ
ǣ¸ᣬҪҪҵĶ飿ʵֻһˡ
Ҷ˴˵⻹ҪһֱڵҰʦá
ҶԣԶҪΨһѡ񡣡ҶɫĶ˵š
ҲЦˣʦҲǡ
ˣ齨顣²˵Ҫļѡ
Ҷɷн˵Ҿμ治һ
԰˵ȻʦƼǿ϶ˣͻˡ
ǰأʦáҶ˵
أ̾
лҪ˵μ棺Ҳˣ
/Ҷ㲻ǣǹֻԹ


115 
, ղòȥļ, ϾÿѶμ棬Զ
ա
ȥ÷˸, ȶļҪһΪ, һ
Ϊƽʵ, ԶԲԱõΪϸҪ, 涨ֻһԪӤһ, ԿҪ
յĶѾдҶԪӤ, μǽ, Բһѣʣһ
Ѱ˼ôҲ, ߴͭ, ڴɡ
ʦֿ, ҡͷ̾˵ʦе, ʱˣҪμ˻϶ж, رС, ʵǿĶҪûʣˡ
˭úŶؾ̽նҪӣǿƱʿ棬ʵΪǿʿֵġ
ġʦ˵
, ˵ҵҲǰ
ǱǺӶȥ¹Ժ꣬ŸջûպüȥЩ
õʦȻҲ֪Щ¼ŵģʱһˣ˵Ҹȥ˵䵥Ҳһ
ͷʦˡ˵
һȥͱ˽ˡ
սӵϢʱºǾȣô˽ˣ
ǰãѯõʦ˵˽񣿡
ʦֿЦãպиûʦֶ񡣡
Ǹʵܲʦֶ˵
¸ˣѲʱתˣ
ҵȵȣλʦֶõˡʦ˵ⲻˣ
ۼĿŴ߽һϮǳɫȹĻ£Ц˵ʦֶ
˳Ŀǰȥ˻£ɫʦá
߽Ļ̧Ŀ⿴ǳǳһЦеʦ㡣
û뵽㡣տ˵Ȼ˾䣬û𣿡
ԻµݣŮƷãҪȵڹ޶ӡο»иʦءտ˼ǺʦֳƲϵˣ
´Цһֱڵʦء
ԣտۣԻһʼ׼Ķӣ
ͲҲ㣿տ˵
Цӯӯ˵ʦ𣿡
ᡣ˵
ȱأµĵȼü֮ӭܾ
տǰЦӯӯɫüĿ泩Ļ£˵ʦñ˺ܶء
ⶼʦĸ¿˵ʦһ⣬޽յĻ¡
˵ⶼʦԼͨģҵ˴ĸм
ЦЦû˵ȴֶģʱ˵΢⣬Ŀһ˵һ
ʶһԵʦֿǶˣ˵
šתͷЦ˵뻨ʦÿһ̸ŵģʦֲ֪𣿡
֪ʦһãȻ˵Ҹ֪𣿡
ʦֿȥ¡ίܺôģȥҸ¾֪ˡ
鵱˵ȥû˼ˣ϶ҪԼȥģλʦֿ϶Ǳչ̫ԶѽˣȻûὣ˵޽̸š
ʦ֡
ܸоˣǴ
ʣһͷʦٶˡͬļĶѻһͬȥʦ˵
ʦ˵ʦ÷ģһġ
뿪֮
ԶˣղʵʦõΪʱԽᵤ˰ɣΪѹΪ
ԣЦһ˵Ȼʦ㡣
ûҵΪȷԽᵤҵľĽδ⡣˵˴ᣬ˻˽ǰ¶Թ𡣡
˵գ̧ǰգҲΪξܾˣʦԭ˶ⲻΪ˹ִʦҵĶԲԣ
֧ҵİɡʵִרע·ڵһ𰸡
տ֮˵ţȥɣȽ޿𣬵İ
õĻش𣬻ЦˣʦȻҡ
˪ǵ΢ļˣֵʦ֣ҲֵģȥǰԹնڴ˴ϡ˵εɫȻʦһԿš
տı飬˵á
˵֮󣬻Ц£˵Щ飬ʦҸ㽲Цɣ
ʲôʵ
һЦ˵˵ƽ̴ʦɷ粻֪˭ˣˣһ׵ĸͷһаհ˼˺޲Դ˫Ŀ
ա
ŻֻЦݣԼǼ֮ʵļڽ°ʦ⵱Ǻ޵
Ȼĳ޳ܵʦã۰Ͱ͵Ĵҩȥοʦǿ˵ĺ˳ȥЦ˵ǹҧĺϷ
һ


116 
棡
˻˵֮¾ȵ, ͡Ůˣͷº, ʲô
˪±֮⣬ȥ, һֱɷԺغ򣬾ʯ, ءЦ, ŵӽԿĿⷬղȥģ, ձ㴫˾֪ˣλʦú´ʦŮ⡣
, ɷΪҥԽԽ, עĿ, ֻÿ˪½ȥͬ˵
˪¼, ԰ǳɫʱųЦ, ĿϲĿ, еʦ֡
ɷ翴, ˵㵱ʦ塣
˪µɫʱˣӺˮ, ίίĿڽеʦ塣
ɷޱƳһ, 䵭˵ɡ
˪½ݣɷ罫Źϡ
ʦ壡˪¼иԼ͵ǼĲ, ȥͬʦ˵Щ
˵ʦ㣬ǰ̴һĨҥλõ»ˡ
ɷĿ⿴˵ǲ㣬ѾҪˡ
±㵽Ϊֹɡɷ䵭˵

˪ҧҧ̧ĿǿĿǰɫ䵭ɷ˵ŲţĲġ
ɷĿ⿴̾˿ϱɻ˼֣Ҳûзǰ䵭ʦֶ˵¾͵Ϊֹ˭ĲҪֻǸᡣҲûҪ˵뷨ǰʵ˴ɣ黹Ҷ˵ȲǾٶ
˪¿⸱װǻƵģЦһαȴܸж˵ʦû˶ʵ̫ˣ¶ʦˡ
ɷ翴˵Ͼ͵ˣʱǶԱ֮໥ᣬڴʦֶʦǱ߻鷳ȥˡ
˪ԺһϣѸٻָ糣ǿЦ£˵ţ㽻Ұɡ
ɷ˵һֱŵԭֻҪɷ粻ҪΪѹɡ
˵˼ǡԴΪءģ˱ˡ
˪Цһ£˽ɷ粩ȡøе˼Ƚȵˣֱɿʵһ漰ǣ˲䷭׼ʲôʱ㣬ҪͱһҲ˿ġ
ˣûʣ˵úҲˡ

˪ºɷ粻Ե޹һ֮ǰЩȥͬʦ˵ģ˵ɷʦȡʦŻǷٶֻû뵽ʦܾɷ磬ԭеûУʦΪҥͬűݺطɷҲǣвε׻ǶۣǰȻǻ᲻ŭ˪»˲尡ֻ˵
˪ε֪ɷ⻻˵ģɷƽ¶Щߣ͸¶˿ڷ磬ˡ˪µ˼ɲ٣ܲһ㶼֡
룬Ȼ˵û뵽ǰ鳻᲻߶ʮһֱӳȥֶˡ
Ҫû̺Ǵ龪ִӣҲֲȥ
룬Ȼ˵Ҳǡ
˵գ̿ʦ̫ˡ
˵Ҳ֣˪ºʱסˣⷬΪǽĶȫˮûһúõģԼɻ˵˪ɧӶѻԼͼʲô
ⲻ
ԶʱЩʲôգ۾˵Щϵ

̧

Ȼձ㽫֮ǰơ˪˵ĶԹǷһ飬ĩ˵˪±أԹŭײͷʧǰɡ
򵥵˵˪º뱨ԼͶǡ
Ҳ˻ԵɺϡջͷϸһḶ́п˵ƻϲϱ仯ܻ㾡ȴ㲻ġ
԰˻ǲҪʲô˼ΪĺãָͿԼ
һ£ÿɷЦЦ˵һ䡰Ҳɡ
տɫû˵ʲô
ʦ㡣¿ԥ»һ䣬㻹СЩ˪ºɷ磬֮Ĳޡ
ȻΪ˪ºʦ֮ʦᲢ̸ۣв˪˾ͬߣ֪ʲôʱͳſһοǰġա˪У˽𵤶
վôһѣҲˡǰġաһһˣûк˪¡ɷһӣûֵĻᡣ
͡ǰͬղûкɷһȥǴؾ̽աȵؾ̽ա鿪ʼʱ˻ڰ¹ԺѧĿأɷѹûȥؾ̽գӶܹʱعΣա
лѧϰѧϰʹҽʹƽĬĬػһ¹Ժʦͬѧǣټˣװʦװͬѧǣຣˣ̲סЦ
˪²֪ӵĵʣûҪǵöģվһǺܰȫġ˪ɵˣŻսģʽȥӲͷ
ţһעġտǰ˵Ȼü˵ҾñʦҲΣա
Ȼȷ˪ͬӵʦֵĿԸ
ʱӦɡ˵ˮڣнİ취
һӶѣѲɻܷ˵
Ŀ⿴´˵ʦ˵Ķԣˡ
֪Լ˪¼ɵ̫Ӱ̫أԲŻٰ˼̫ˣѳĽϰ
ԣŻ˻ĲҪ̨˪£һֱĽϰ

˻µļ֮յĶֻһˡ
һʼһ㣬İ¶û˼룬ʱῪʼʮ졣
ǲòĴˡټ˴Ҷμͻ£ʹ˵ҲǵȲˡ
ҶμͻµĿĿأμ˹ʵ
ǿҪ취ˡ˵
Ҷμ桢¡
Ŀ⿴˵ʦ㣬⣿
˼ǣӰ𣿡Ŀ⿴ǰˣ˵
δ˵
Ҷԥ£ʵʦãô
μ档
ŲµҪʲôˡ
ɤɫ˵λһѣС飡
룬죡
䣬߳һ޳ݵꡣ
ǰͣ¡
Ҷμͻ̧ͷȥ
һȺ˿ͻȻ߳һˣĵС飬ʱ±ˡ
⡭ҶɣĿ⿴˿ǰӣٿ˿ŵգԥʵʦãʧɢֳ𣿡
ǰһϮɫۣɫĮĿޱòi꣬ճһģһ
һյ
򵥵˵תա
лҪ˵գļѣֻԼˣ
Ҷ𾪣ĪǾǡӣ
μ棺ŵµķ籩
£˧


117 
տŴҶ, Цʵ𣿡
ҶĮi, ֿ˿ұ߶ġ廪գͷ˵񡣡
նĻشʮ, İǾˣԺʧɢֳǵĶһˣ
Ҷ
Ҷ, ɫһ, ջʲôû˵֮, ʦľͺá
𣿡һԵμָ㲻Ϊƾܹͨ𣿡
һʼȷǱǺһ޷·һģ̳ӸԻ, Ǻܿ˱㷴Ӧ, ǰ겢, ֻһľżż˰ˡ
μ˵ջ̾˿˵ʦ㵱, ȥŪһż, Լʵѱ, ǳī칤˰ɡ
Ե˵ͷ, ۹⡣
㻹ǡμˣ칤˵Ʒǧ, м, ˹󲻵ã㾹칤˽ʱ˷ϣ
칤̫˰ҡͷ̾
дʵôûˣСӰҪûĵˣʸûУ
бȥˡμ˵
μ档
û¡
û³ԶμʶȤתⲻ, Ŀ⿴ǰĮi꣬յתiϾɵӣ̾һź˵ʦãҪ칤˵żˣҲ곤޵㣬αŪеģ
ա
ԶʱǺЦˣ˰
ǳ
ȥֲǸǿģصŮϲ
ָָſϾiӣ˵˦Щǳֱмʮֺ𣡡
μ档
Ҷ
ܵӺ˺
ŤͷԵĻ£ʦãϲ𣿡
Աߵ껹ϵ̧һ˫ڱѩעǰ£רע۵ֻһˣ·硣

±նʱ죬Щȣסգšһϲϲġ
˭ϲô˧ôôأ
ɡ̧ͷǰμʹҶ˵һ㶼ŮӣֻԼ
μ档
Ҷ
ƿԣ޷
˺Ů˵ս
ҶԼ޹ǱǣȿȡҶ˼תƻϨս𣬡ʦõ뷨ֻżݻᱻ𣿡
ΪβУ˵дʣЩè𣬹ʦ壬ʦôǸκ𣡡
Ҷ
һԵμע㰡еèǱŵʦ
ԶʱĿⲻͬǴ˵ôܶԱʦǰ㲻𾴣ҪȥٱʦèˮεϷɵġ
μ档
ⲻȿͷ
ǵһҰ
ۿҪҶ˵ǱڵӣΨͬڵӷӱ
򵥡˵ʦΪӱˡ
ҶĿ죬ʵʦͬˣ
һδͬ˼˵˵Ȼ̧۲ˮӯӯ٣գۣʦ֣ͽ
һԵĶ԰ɣ
Ҷ
ʱ򣬲Ҳÿ԰
Ҷ̾˿Ȼ˵Ұɡ
ǾͰʦ˵
һԵμ濴ʦûʦãʦ鷳

鷳ĴҶպһͬȥǺӣȥʱǺһͥԺͤ˺ͻҶպ죬ǺӶʱۡһһڲ衣
㡭ȥ칤ֵֹĶˣǺӿಽ죬ֱ˵
޽磬ֹƧ칤ˣͬ죬ɶ칤ǾֵġзǷϡ٣ÿһǶһ޶
֮
ǳ칤ֵ֮ǧмУ֮͡
ܹö칤ֵˣ
Ǹ⣬û֪ΪδǹƧ䲻칤࿴칤ĪӦ
ǰʼ;칤ЩֵֹĶǧﴫ¼¼Ϸ
ͼ칤Ϊ̫Ӵ󣬽칤һ޷ɣԴĿʱá
յЩ˿ͷ칤ҪΪʿпǽԺͿЦ
ǣὫ˷ϡ
칤˫֣ܹ֮ͼֵܱ˷ЩСϡ
ǺӵĻʱ˵ʦôֵֹĶأ찡
ʧɢֳĵͽܰ
Ǻӡ
Ҳ˵ʲôʱһֳΪʦʱ˸ͽܣΪʦô֪
Ҷס˵ʦдʵʦã¶ʱ̾˿վ˵ʦġ
㽫ԭίһ飬Ȼԥ£˵ΪţǺʦùϵǳԨԴʦͳȫΪӡ
Ǻӡ
ǺԵһһѾı鿴⻰˵Ĳʹǣ˵Ϲ
ʲôʦùϵǳԨԴʦã
ͬһˡ
Ǻӵῴ˼żˣǿյһʶݡ
ΪδӤʶԲ磬˵޷ģԪӤϵľ硣ԣһ˵ĿǰΪ޷ֳʶȥ⻯ġż˳칤֣֮䲻֮
칤ΪԴż˻ǴΪǵԱֻǽΪɲż硣ֻģǺɣ칤ı£߿ͨѰż˾Ǳ˼򵥣زǷ֮
ţǺӶʱ£ĿϸĶżˣʵż˽죿
ǰȡ֮⡣˵
ͦãԢͦõġǺԳǣ˵
°Լͽܿǡȡϡ
аɡǺӿǰ۰ͰգЦ㶼Ͷ칤㶯֣ΪʦܿһˮƯµʱ칤
Ϊʦұӡ˵
¶ϲɫ̣Ǻ˵ʦã
Ǻһֺ޶ã˵ʱʦˡ
ա
û˵ʦԼϷ
ʦӦϻڵķϣͲƽˡ
ϾͷСźѵãСҪ֤ѣ
ʦǵûͷȥűһϵҲˡն
Ǻӡ
ࡣ
ˣΪʦ֪ˡǺӲͷ˵Ҫ֮࣬Ҳ֪칤ô̵㡣
Ҳ֪Ѿͷ칤ֻëá
գ칤ʦǸҸëĹ/


118 
, ɶ칤ī칤ʦΪζһɽɵͨ࿴, ī޽е֪ʿ޷׵顣
ʹ׿Խ棬ҲǸɽɵĽ, īŵĵӣ칤ʦΪλⲻһ㣿
ĪʲôǳԨԴ
ŮҲ칤ʦʧɢʲôģ
ȻΪ˵ȴ˵, Զǰ㸴, 칤ʦʵֻΪһѡ
ǳʱ, ʮ߰ŮҲֻʮ, Ҵ˵Ļúͳ, Լ˲ʵʡпյ, ӵ˼롣
δȫһĺۼ߳ǸƼΨѧ˼ٹ̵ĿĹ
ʱջǸܽӵġͨˡ, ҲһδǼ, ǺӲδ, סʱɽȥĴܱϹҹ, ɽӵɽɽϵԲʮﶼɽɵǡ
ɽɽ¸۾Ŵķ˴ׯ, ձʱȥЩׯˣ, ϲͨ˽ӴΪζϤζ
һΣȥׯʱ, ִׯһƧˡ
һɫ԰һ͸ӵŷ·ˮһƯӡ
ᣬ㣬δȾ㣬Ϣɾ⣬򵥡
˶ƺΪī
˴һͷ޴ţôͿţȫӲܣ䣬űĽ󣬿ȥἫˡ
տĵһۣ°һ˧
ֱģѣεеĿ˧Уһ˲䣬ӿһĸо·ȥڽ֯ʱײС
ô˧ľ޴ţġ
ÿҪһʯȻԶأͷͶ˫֡
ա
еԶû뵽޽翴ôӵķ
һ˲·ڿʲô¸Ƶ
ţīˣһ¾Ϊͷ޴ţ˴µȶȻ⡣
ǵ˴ţīȴɫĮü۹Ƨû˿ݡ
·޹һ㡣
ں棬ǶĮֵ̬ȵĺ棬Ƕ˵ĺ棬ǰȥʵ㲻𣿡
īûڴ£׿ɫ䵭ڵ۾ԶĻûа㷴Ӧ
·ǸԱնͯ
ա
Ѹ㡣
ƶ˵Ҷϲأ

ī˷Ӧ̧ˮڵʲô
ţΪģߴǸԽո͵

֮ī˵ǲϲ
ա
Ϊλôأҷϲ˵
ֻΪڣϲī˵ˣǾͲϲˡ
ա
տ£ʵΪλôΪ
ΪһֱÿĶǶδùһ뿪ЩᱻǷŽȲ֣Ӵ˲աī˵׿ϻ䡣
ƺӰܴһ㡣
ա
£ں棬ʵ㶼ʲôأ
ׯԶѲ߹޴ˣԶʻĻе޴Զˮߡī˵
ա
ȷˣīǸ޴󻯻еߡ
տ䲻ı飬Ȼ˵ЩǲǶҪʯ
Ȼī˵
Ҵ֪Ϊδ˶ˡ˵
ī̧ʵΪΣ
Ϊ̫˰˵һʯʿ˵ʲôţһëѣǶͨķ˶ԣȷһʾ޿
ãò㲻ˡ˵

īüˡ
տɫ˵ʵҲûҪز̫ͷ˰
ԶصţԶѲ߹ĻеˣԶĻеЩûҪҪķʯĻеǻǸԼ˫ְɣ飬ǵ˫ܴļֵ˵ҲԼʧȥֵһɡ
īԶʱüͷͬ˵ǻе飬顣
ûֻͨƽ˰ǵĹǱеȡˣȥʲôأҪͶİοĻеô󡣡˵ǶԣǲҪĶ

īһ˲ȥϵı·ܴ㣬Ϣۿɼήȥ
Աˡ
ʱֻĸé®֣ɽͲ۴̫Ӵһ겻ǰοҲûֻǲѣķʵΰģܿţ
Ͼδڻеġ
īԲûӦ
ռٽʵġ
ԣī̧
õũߣǸ㣬á˵

Ȼ죬ɶ칤ī칤ʦСׯΪһũ
ҵũߣְŻũߡ


119 
Ļũߵīʦʱ˴ׯܻӭ, лũ߶ȥī, īÿζһԲĽ޺á
ˣī㷢ִ˲ˡ
ǰ˼С, ϻ̳Ͽ֣Ҷ䣬¾, ˸żﻵũмҾ, īʱˡĹ, ˱Ⱥһԣһ㶼Ǵ˵, īĬ, Ȼ˵˾͸, ˵ĸˣͣ
ī
̶̰, ͽׯ˸, ˭ҶӰ˭ҹŮ, żȢϱԸ, ҵĸˡЩ֪
֪ʱ, Цͣ
īһԲ, ֻˮһڳĶֱЦ
ȿȡɤӣһ˵Ϊ㿴ȥͺΣЩ˲Ż˵Щ, Ϊõ˵ȥ
ȫЩ뷨ϾǶôһȫ
ī
Ρ˵
ţɻ
ҵ첻Ρī˵Ҹˡ
Ŷպ֪ԣΪθأ
Ŀ⿴ǰīʵ
ī˴˵Ϊ벻ס
տϵɫ̽˵ңΪΪһΪ𣿡
š
ա
ǰīǹӣֲ԰ףϵϢƧ䵭ǵµСӰŨѻëһƬӰȥ޹Ŀ
յģеʹ
оԼǲǺƣƭһ޹ƧԱյƯСᣬ˼һĴǡ
֮īִЩ𾪣Ϊī䵭Ƨˣǲ׵һʶûõˡ
ͬʱежȻһʹУҪǰ浥Ƨ䵭ʵƯ˸
ѣ
ҪѵģһֱôΪΪһģ䵭ǿ󣬻ǶҪѵġ
Ҫʱиܹϲŭ֣Ҫѯʱܹ轨顣
վīǽһֵεѯѰ𰸣Ҳ˵īѣ
ͶұΨܻر顣˵˻ǣҪҽѣҲҪѣ
ȾǺñ΢ŻӣīΪѡȻͨ룬Ҹ㷢һôôա
Ȼ
֪ⴿˣ顣
һϲҡ
̸ѡ
Ǹƽƽͨˡ
뼯ֻīǸɽé®ɵ˲ʵīͨӡŴҶǲ׵СҪ뷨ĺīѡ
ѵһչ⣬顣
վȥũߵīʦˣīʱһԿţʱʱ㽨顣ż˵Ȥ뷨ʱīҲ䡣
ٺվ͸ЩͨҲܷľ޴еͨҲܹǱеľ޴Ƥ㣬ԼܹǧﴫĶԽͿǧﴫˮ⾵
ǧﴫǺԭīͣжʵ
粨ճ˵⣬һĿ/ôһɽʿ͵绰ֻԭ
粨Ǻī̧һ˫ˮһ͸ѯʵ
һصõĿҲŵܹԳҲΪ˵ԥźվžɣ
ī
īһԻģãȻʵô
ա
ЩǸɶ
ǣǿƼһı˵Ȼ̧ѣһ׵ŷݵĹ𣿡
ͰˮĴĿ/Ϲҽĸ.ī˵һͨѧе˹ܡ
ֻ֮ܶҪ֪Ķε˵ˣѵὫѧ߼
һ㲻ˬ𣨡
ֻںīϹѳĴʱ䣬˵ʲôԼˡ
룬ʵʱī˵ô࣬һԵ⵹ʵΪ˼ڻǸҲزȥ硣
˵ǿģġ
˵ҪѵģҪ
īǡʱˣǡա

ˬˣ˵ʲôԼǲգһյīġݡ޽ֻһԶͨƵСľӣĿǰֻṩ˫˵߷
Ȼ޽ӰһԲεǶһˮĥġƬںӣ¼Ӱ
ȻһСɻǡ顢ըǱԱ
ա
ʲôʱϹʱᵽ˻սɡ
ԴԴϵյīġݡղ֪жף
ԭֻΪƽƽͨͨé®֣֣ǸصĴУ
պīĶһһĸˡ
̫
⶯˼άֱˡ
Լ£֮ǰī˵ЩֻǸǳԼͲͨ㲻Ļ
ҲŪʵ
ˣպ֪֣ҲšܱһеĴȡ
Ƕ֮ĺܳһʱնڴīġݡΪÿһεĿݶζСָµķǰЩһһġһİϤķʽǰȻһָӵǸпǸж廳
һˣ˵Щ˶ҽǶһһʵˡ
һϸĹҡ
ԭֻΪƽƽͨͨé®֣֣ǸصĴУ
պīĶһһĸˡ
̫
⶯˼άֱˡ
Լ£֮ǰī˵ЩֻǸǳԼͲͨ㲻Ļ
ҲŪʵ
ˣպ֪֣ҲšܱһеĴȡ
Ƕ֮ĺܳһʱնڴīġݡΪÿһεĿݶζСָµķǰЩһһġһİϤķʽǰȻһָӵǸпǸж廳
һˣ˵Щ˶ҽǶһһʵˡ
һ£ģ


120 
īյĻһ, Ȼϱ΢ЩŹ, ָֻܿƽ԰׿΢΢ü, ˵Ķ˵һ
ɡ()ջصԭ
ر, ʹùܵǶࡣ
īĻüͷĸˣ˵Ǿǲһ, Ǻδһ
̧ǰգϸ˵
ͰˮԼҲ˵ա
ѧϽëϸīվһô򣨲ʣ, ɾ, ֻýʾ֭ĺѧ󷨣ȻĿѧȻʧ棬ǵͬڻɡ
ĿѧԴǲʵʵĻ
ĩˣδ˵Щȷǲ, Ƽȡ˵Ƿ, Ҫڴ, ˶棬ıǵʽ, ֱӸı, 緭츲صı仯, ΰķ尡
ֻܻڸܳΪʦ, 츣ı, ߵΰҵ˵˽ģǷȴ˽ģʹÿ˶ܻݡ
īԣˮһڴһĶ԰׿Ϻ¶һЦݣһǳЦݣȴͬ꼻Ű㣬ǰա
ԭҲЦտϵЦݾ
īϵЦݼţĿ⿴һۣ԰׿ϺܿĻָƽǹƧ䵭ַǻеЦǺʵ
ԭῪЦռСֵЦͦÿġ
īһۣ
˵һῼ¡ī˵
ĿɻĿƺδӦ˵ʲôһ㡣
īɫҲδ͡
Ϊīߵ칤ī޽ǧÿһﶼΪһ޶ǹ¹ѡһֱ׷ѰŸߵļոµ֮ϵѰȴʼ޷Եͷ·ǱסһƬޱĺڰУѰ⡣
յһȴ·һùӶ˽ǰĵ·
Ǹȫµ硣
һֱ̽Ѱĵչ˿
īţǰ΢΢һЦ԰׿괿׵İٺһ㣬մȾų¶º
յڶμЦˡ
Ǹǧﴫǵáīһ䣬Ȼת뿪ˡ
һ£⣬ǺܿӦ˹һԴֻ;Ǵ绰
֮ϱ΢ֻĹ˫ģֻһǡ
īǸǧﴫһζûùжУΨһһûùĶΪ֪˻˭
ֻǿһķƷ;ʹ飬¾̾˾ˣ㽫һ߲ˡ
룬ƺնīзˣȾͷ·Ǹ߸ϵĴ˶Сߵľ̾ͲΪ⣬Ϊǵİ
ֱ˿̣ղʶԼİ¶ʱһѿû뵽ԼȻˣȻӵǳİΪǡ
ΪǵԽΪǵİ
ˣ׵ķ´󣬽һΰҵԼΰʶΰ·ԼҲΰһ㡣
Ǻεȵķǳ
ˣΪԼ޴еΪԼīǰİΪǸеһ˰ɣȴδ˵Ҳ⣬̹ȻһĺķЩ͵С
ڳٳδõġص硱Զﲻš
֮ûлظΪ֪λظ֪֪˸ĶʹһƺΪīֻ²īĵӣһŲ֪Ҳδȥ̽
˺棬ѣһһһ
֪˽ʲôסȥأ
һʼվûظģλ޷żĳ
οһʼīͽͨѶĵַ͵ϡ
ҲǰڴĻص磬
ھζʱ糱ӿ˶ûãȻææҵĴĴռ﷭ҳǸǧﴫ
СɾµľУŽЩĵȴš
ܿģ洫ûãȻīŲ԰׿ӳ˾У£ī䵭̡
տ´ѹװµӣ˵ͻȻо仰Ǻ˵ˡ
еī¶ɻѯʵɫ
Բ𣡡չɿĵǸ

Ȼշ·𵹶һһԵĽԼĴ޴Ͱ˸飬ʡ͵Ǹ˵ҲԣҸǸԲ𣡡
˵գͰ͵Ŀ𣿡
īϱһ˲Щ΢Ŀ⿴ð֮Ż˵ţ֪ˡ
ûȻ˵˶޴˶ǣ㲻
ѵðοһ䣬ԷƱ
˵գЦһǸ𣿡
ա
Ȼԭ˺ܿģôоˣ
ʵĲɣ
ǣǰģаʸ
뵽ʱȻЦлл


šֻС˷ܵãʾֻˣ΢Ҳ٣ֱ
簡Ҫǻ̾ź˵ֻ
īѾеָֻþǧﴫԼҲ޷İ侲ʵЩʲôô
Ȼվ͸ͷβһ黥ֻҴµǵĺôͲûֱ˵Уֻɣ
ԺҰְ֣
Һ׵
һաī˵㿴ңҲá˵̫˼̫Ӵ󣬶ʱ޷ɡ
ŶһˣɫҲЩ
īο˵ʿȱıʱ䣬һ겻ʮ꣬ʮ겻ɰܼ꣬ġ
˵ĺе˵ǲϣû顣ʱʮ꣬ʮδҲߵĲꡣ
һ뵽Ҫǰ꣬Ҿ;ûʲôˡ̾˵þŶ
ī龳Ǹ̾Сɵ΢Ц԰׿Ⱦ˵Ц⣬⻹ǸʲôСأ
Щ˵ܿģһգۣոرȥˡ
𣿡ղÿɷ
ϱûҹ绰࣬Ϊѣ޽һκҵ绰ľһʱδͣ¡
ͣµԭīصīȻƺīһӣǵӿīһ澵ЦݵĶŹŹֵľƺΪãһܾ·𿴵ʲô˿ֲһ㣬ֽеʦ棡
īϱ£Ȼžе˵ЩҪȥ´㡣
ƽ˵ãȥæ
Ȼ˹Ҷϵ绰
˵绰īתͷָһ䵭Ƨı飬԰׿ûһ˿ı飬ǰһϮӣīţ䵭˵£
¡˵Ŀһϸǰīϱ򶨣˵ʦ鲻
īƳһۣšһ
š
ʦȻ˰
쳵̫ˣ컯̫֮칤ʦĵ·ڷ
ô죬ôȷ˵ʦ



121 
īһ֪칤ʦЩʲô, , վˣҲûʲôֵġȻ, ɽɵһСŮͶ
š
ī֪ʱˣʲôʱԳ֮ȤʦһɵСŮ޸ȤˣѵСŮ޺ʦʲôͬѰĹϵ
ڶʦĹģ棩, īǰȥ̽һ, ɽɵǸСŮ޺Լʦûϵ, ΨһԨԴǰǰ˵ʶ
īµֹʦôƼˮŮģĪͶԵ
漴, пû뵽ͶԵֻʦ, һֱΪԼʦǳϵǶѻеһӡ
īž̾칤ʦʱ, ɽɡ
ɽɵ౻ī칤ʦͻȻøˣȻ칤ʦܿıȥ, ˲ɴλе⡣ɽɵټ, λ칤ʦǰɽΨһˡ
ձеŴʱ, ϱ黹һãȻ±Ƶ, ΪλͻȻټ
Ŵʱ򣬷ֵڳŻʦǺӡǺ, ĶЩ
, ʦ𡣡սе
ʦֶɽſݴȺºʵʱī칤ʦʶ
һãȻʵī칤ʦ˭Ҳʶ
ɽ, ǰѰˡ
ŵΪ֪ī칤ʦкֵģЩΪ񾳽ǷͳԵĴƢŹ֣ݶС¡ԼСʦֶžᱻԻʵ̫
Ŷ˵СīҺǰǰɽϪʶġջȻ˵
ɽš
ССī˭Сī
һŵǺӶͷԼСͽһۣ۵ɫż־档
ɽǱԼСʦֶһһжСī£Ե˵һ칤ʦʶ֮󣬶ʱĿһѾĿԼСʦֶ˵ԼСʦֶδҲ̫ˣ˵ǵͷ˰
֪ηܹī칤ʦΪСīҲΨһ˰ɣ
ſһ֪޾ɫߵĻʱ˻ȥ˰ˣ칤ʦཻԵһֺαضԣͽ鷳ʱãһ˳Ȼ
ɽֻѯһ㽫˻ȥ
뿪֮ɽתͷԱǺӣһɫӵ˵ʲô˵ģ
Ҹ˵ʲôǺӷʵ
֮ɽų̾һ˵ҿӲ˵
ǺӲΪ翵˵ʦֺʱˡ
ɽһӣ޵ˣٻһЩ˰ġ
ţʦ֡ǺȰ˵
֮ձʱСӺԶī칤ʦƵ绰໥пյ˼룬Ȼ칤ʦĶǿʱս첻ʲô˷ܵһûյīġݡ칤ʦ˵Ķ˳
ÿÿʱձҪпһǺʹѵĺô
īСīĴݣյЩīĿ֮±Լ˲²⣬ɽŵ칤ʦ֮оȴδ⡣
ȻСīԸͨѰƽ޲Ľֺαн٣֮
͵ʲô֪һƽãʱĴװͿѵ
˵겢ʲôܣīɽ֪˲٣رī칤ʦʱǲͶȥɽɸգī¶֪칤ʦɽɽ˸Сѣ谮ĲС
īǶīµӶĲˣϾΪƧ䵭˽칤ʦһı߳ǳ󡣲Щȥŵʹãѧͽ
칤ʦһζѧͽʱīˣű
칤ʦ֮츲صĸı䣬ֻһܽ͡
ⶼΪīĵǸжӯֻа飬ܹ˹ز
лλɽɵСʦãлллллл㣬Ϊ㣬īıˣƱػı磡
սΪı䡣

ΪҪͼ칤ʦΪżأ뿪˾֮󣬴Ҷյֻȱһ˵ĻǴɷŵҪȥЩ޲ʸˡ
Ტ˶ԱμӵģϾŵ˽Կɲμӣ˷ʱ䣬ƱҪɸѡġͨĵҪŴȺŴоʸ񣬶պʹҶ״ӢǲҪģΪǱǿ;ӢĴʡ
ΪŶؾ̽գ˵Ҫ˱ʸ⣬Ŷؾ̽ն屨ʸÿ鶼ԴûвʸĶԱ
Ҷһʼͺܵϵ˳Ȼ׼ʱһʦö㹻ˣѵͭ
ͺʹҶкμ棬
۵׻ҵĴ
ͬҺһϵϵǳĳֽһϵμ棬עܼ飬ƱҪʲôԷϡĿμ治ϣʷݣϣЩ֮ƻĺг
̫ƽ֮ס
ԣһԵĴҶЦ˵ΪȤ
ȤҶʵ
ţ㲻浱Щ˿̨ʱıһȤɣЦ˵оô̼أ
Ҷ
ʦõĶȤζ
ο˵ʢ£δ̫ϧˣҲϣǸۿʢأ
̫լˣҪ̫ˣǡԾˣԸһҪԲ֮ܵġ˵Կһ䣬ҿǣ
Ҳ칤ʦǰɽɣıأ
ֱӿһᱻܾİɣԾˣ˸СĻˡֻûȵһص磬۰Ͱ͵ܹʽҲ϶İɣ
ҶȻ֮˵ڣҲ޷֮飿
ʦ㲻ǶԵϾСīĺܱ׼ĹëòԴǹƧԱգûܵ˵Ȼһ䣬ǽְ𾴵İ
ְָԺܸ컥أ
Ҷ
֮ĬĿ⸴ӵĿǰһȻĺϰĺְƺգ칤ʦ֪ôΣյ뷨
ջƤúܣЦ˴Ҷһ䣬ְֵİְֽô
ʦ㻹ǱɡҶĵȰΣա
ȥԺ֮ŽȥڣȡǧﴫССİƴ龵У칤ʦŲ԰׿䵭Ƨӣ£
տžɫ԰üĿ䵭¿칤ʦգգۣʵСī˵ְֵİְô
칤ʦ
̧ˮһ㴿ڵ䵭˵Ҳְ֡
ֻҪǡպ޳ܵ˵
칤ʦ
֪Ϊʲôһֱûл
лҪ˵칤ʦĮ֪Ϊʲôһֱûл
գΪְ㲻ְ֡
칤ʦⱲӶˡ


122 
칤ʦ龳ͷ, Ϊ䵭˵, ҹˡ
˵µİ, ᡣ
š칤ʦӦһʲôһ㣬԰׿¶һ˿ǳЦ, һԵġ
仰¶ʱ, ʱȲ谡, Ϻõأ
칤ʦšһ
û, æ˵, Ȼͨ
ж˺칤ʦ֮ͨ, ձڴռ˳޳ͦοiʱ, շֳһʶȥٿ, ǾĮӲľż˾ͷ·˿һ, ˲˹, ˫ں˹⣬iʻ
ͬ㾦, ŻֻǾ߽Ӳľͷż, ˲鶯iĴˡ
Ŀ⾪̾Ŀǰ죬޵ң
иңԸԸתԼ̸һĻش, Ը⣡ָǰ쿡iϾӣ˵Ͼô
վǰḧգϵĳգ۾˲ʮ㡣
һôô˧ľ̾飬Ȼϲ̵ĴԼСųȥˡ
ȥô
Ȼȥ԰ڰ
īÿһεľۻᣬ׼ȥۻ԰ڣһ𾪣ޣȫ
ī磬ֻǶ̫ǳףȡīɶ֣īǱī㣬ȡɻ֮⡣īǵ½磬ڶ࣬ղҲǧˣɽ֮ܽһ
糤ɽɵһλʦ㣬ʦᰮ˲ٰչ˲ٵߣַչߣߵַչߡ
ϢճΪɽܽе֮һ
Ǳʦİᡣ̼ǵõʦصĴӻͳһɫƤ飬һıʵʦãдս𣿡
ա
ò˵ձݹ˺ģԥ˵
Ӵ˴ţһ̤˻ˡ
˳㵱ʦƼǱдսɵĻǡ½߻Ⱦ񡷣ŵʥĪԶҹǧ︰ԼڵԨ𽭱۵
ɽʵյĻأ

¸
ºڷҹܸɻʱ
մȥīľݵ㣬εľݵĵˮ̶ߣһΪƫƧصĵطƽʱǰīľݵÿζǲһģϾɽɷץϣΪ˷ֹһˣֻܲϵƶľݵ㡣
ԶԶأ㿴ǰǵٹ⣬һγ˺ҹ޷ӵĹөһ㣬ˡ
һЩƹ⣬֪ݵǰˣӿ˽Ųһ̤᳡Ϳ̯λɵķЩīԱԼڵ̯רͬûġ
ɽɵӶصЩ̯Ϲţ̯λϰڷŵĻīṩɽһϵĻԴкܶ඼ٶ˵ĽҲīһֱɽɷʹѹԭ֮һ
Ż᳡һѰҼǡ
Զǰļվһ̯λǰϵֽе
˳ȥȻӿŲ˹ȥ
߽ˣֳ˼šЩԱ֮⣬һף˲ˣǻ¡
ʦáĿĿǰɫƺмֲ˼Ļ£ܿķӦ˹Ǽʦ·չߣʱһȻɫֻǺʵʦı̵ģ
ʣϵıӲ˼ˣƣֱ
ա
ԱߵļһɫĻǰΰεģЦ˵ȻⱾʱܻӭ񱾣
ۼĿеǱϺȻдšʥǵز֮
ա
ĬãȻƿߣתƻûֽʲôһ𣿡
ʵʲôһ
û߶˵ʲô𣿡ѵ˵
ԶʱһЦˣȻ̧Ե죬һϮѩ׵۳Įi꣬Ǹɽ֮ѩɽĴ֮޹ľޣ̾˵˵ţǵۿˣɲⱻޣ侹˾ɫ
Ļעеƫʵ֪ˣ
ջϵĿ⣬Цһ˵ڹһȦʹķзˣҶڲ²˺ʲôϵأ
˵գЦʲô²ⶼС
ԣպ˵ʲô²⣿
밡ͨľǲ²ʧɢֳξרΪ׼սܣ칤ʦָͺöɶĽʺޡоһϵŵӶĲ²⣬ЦĿ˵׵ǣԼƵ˫¯
ա
һ衱ı鿴˵Ǹôðģ
ŵһټֵı飬ΪȻ˵ֲûй飬޽粻ԼˣԼ԰ΣԾƳԼһģһżΪ¡
ա
ʿ棬߶Ⱥô
ŵһϰΪӣ˵ܣ治СԼʲô˵ġ
ա
ⳬˣǻɡ
վԼˣԭһԼŵˡ
ɫ㻹ᣬ˵ɲ⣬ʲôĶȥ
Ҳ붮һޱ˵һǸӡ
ŶʱһĵĿأÿÿ㲻ˣ
ա
ҵǴİΪԼҿĶĻ
ռûŵǾʹ㽫ˣ𡣡ֹĶ˵°ɣдá
ա
̯ɡ˵ǻư칤Ʒˣ
ա
ʦ
Ҫһ̯λκã±ˡЦе˵ر⣬ʦãǸ˼°
¶ʱһѾĿ꿴ǰţĵҿСŲģ
ʹļ׵Ŀǰ˵㿴Ĳʹ𣡡
ᰡźԥ˵ʹ̡
ա
ûģ
̯λ˳䵭˵߰ɡ
̧
۹⣬̶һ£Ȼ˵Ʒڣ˭ֻעƷٿɫҲֻһƤľż
ﾡðɡ˵
Զʱһûϵ˵һ㣬˵Ļ
룬ƺʦֻʦʶˣƺδ⣬ǿֻǽһʲֻһ۾ȤζתĿⲻģȫûʢԻ
ĲһΪƾܾ˶ߵϾ˶ǿĲ
̿ɫ˵λ칤ʦģԲŻὫ⸱ģɡ
칤ʦȫԽĺͻ죬Ͼǿ칤ȴδǰһ۱ɿǡƷ롣
뵽̿ǰգɫмֹŹֱ֣˵ʵ˵Ϊλ˹Ź뷨òɣ
ҲҪи޶Ȱ˵
˭նʱû˵Ҿ;ȤһǺȤŶ
һĬжûУ
ǡ̵Цһм˵ġ
ա
ԶȤûܶʵ̫˱ˡ
գʢյ챻ˣպͼš̺ͻ¸Խȥչˡ
һ·ȥտֵֹıӣֱ飬ڰ¹Щɽѧʥ޼ǡ֮Եʦ㴿Сʦáصȥʦҵá
ա
ҵ
һѻ￴ˡ˻ҳ̫š͡ͽǿȢµһˡ
ֻǰһڣĺʷǰⲻǹչṇ̀
ףȻҲаſ̯ϰŵ˵
˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻǰ̯ϰšжīеӵľ飬ʦϴСʦãϧΪ˫ֿԶ칤ȴ޷ӵġ
ǵһʱīȦʦп˵˭ǵõīɽɵɰ飬ԹŮ춯أϧīɽ̫ˣҲǱߴֶߣ˶дģֻȦȣҲʹˣ
ա
һŵı˵ôֺ֪Ȧ
һĪı鿴˵㲻֪˭ͬȥģְҵ£ǻеĺ𣡡
дʵԴ
ա
տǰдʵļţﲻζǰ˵ȦǵĻԵýζֵԼΪˣ·ζˣŸоܱ߳ˣ
ǲʱδ
ô´ˣ
ȦˣҲûϵˡŲΪȻ˵칤ʦͬöܹˡ
Ϊcpʵ̫ˣԴҷ׷ѷˡ
ǻǶԲŶޱ˵
û뵽ǰа֪ͬ˻ŮǣǺǡ
ĺã
գջǮīֶ䵽ϣžһд紵Ŀܡ
Ⱦۻɢȥ
ʦסգʦá
ʦ㡣տʵ£
ܴǰ಻סˡ
һ£ЦʧǰеĿɫԱ䣬лʦѡ
̾˿˵ңȨȨ壬ֻ̾Ȩ̫ãΪԭֻһСС룬ʱվջۣһŻŧҪȥףǱ֮ʹ
ʦλһʱ¾ġ˵ǰգǣΪϲϷңѳɶ㵱ȥʹֻһʱٶȥ˶񼲱Ⱦȫ֮ӡ
տ֮˵ʦ˵Щã΢ᣬʲô
˵ʦʲô㲻鷳Ի㡣
ʦ㻹ǡ⻰ǰȨӣʵϡ
аɣ֪ˡ˵ʳҲȷҪһֱŲҲǸ顣
һֱ˶ŻŪҲΣأ˷ǧյġ
Ŀɫº̹һƬʦһֱͬһӪġ
ЦЦδ˵
ʱȨλλøͽǰλȨʦ㡣
ϾȨ겻£Ȩ䣬ҰѳִȨ꣬ӲԭȨһƬŵֲòһֻ̬ʧصʱٳ⣬һԽĶڡ
գֻ̾˿˵Ҳǲס
úõȨͽûͨӣңʵҡ
ЦЦ˵ѱȴ˺ã˲̫̰ģʲôҪռá
Ǳ˼ҵҲö˵ʲô˻ͷ뿪ˡ
ȥ塣
գһ硣
ʦ㡣մ򿪷ţվһϮɫȹҶСʣüĿ΢ûʲô˵֪ʦǰк£
˵ʲôʲôʦŽ̷СңҵĶС
ʿ䵭ӭɫЦһδ̬ȣҽȥһ𣿡ʾҪ˵Ŀ²˱ȥ
Ŀ⿴ãüղóһɡ
˽ȥ
趼ûݣֱ˵㿪ʵʦ㵽˵ʲô
ԹԵ˸λ£Ȼ̧Цӯӯ˵˵ʦ㲻ţվߵġ
㣬˺ʰԼȻ˵
Բÿɷ˵
ǰ˵ңҹ硣
˵գ̧ǰգЦӯӯ˵ʦõĸ˼ʮˡ
˰̰ĵģһˣͲȥˡ˵Բȥңˡ
δ˵ֻĿⶢ
ʶ䵭⣬̾һ˵ǶĳػأҲҲ
ǼֹҴС㣬ļ̳ˣһμ˵΢ĶС㡣
صճŮΪֹҽ볤ȨλҳΪвһֱѹҡӵһڵʲŻһȴ߸Ͼȫ֮һȴ䳾ﲻУֻҳͱեһμֵͳȥҸ˵̧ǰգʵлɱػҺ޵ҪǸмġ
ΪֻػˣҲܹˣҵһ˭˵
κһ˶ܺ㣬ΨҲܡ˵ңǾˡ

Ŀ⿴֮䵭ʵأ
кθϵ˵Ѿһμ̳˵㣬ûɱҰɡ
ԶʱЦˣʲôΪЦһ㣬Цᡣ
տŵЦݣ̲סü
ֲ˲۽ЦᣬЦ˵ʦ氡ãó㱻ĺܺأðһֱš
ұңһֱҡǰ˵ҴδĽҵֻеһѣôֵܹǮ
ػҴһԵĵϼĻҳ㱻˸߹Ļϣҳ䵱ҵĴС㣬ǵȵиʺλõ˳֣Ҿûмռλõˡ˵
ռ˵ԭҵǳ㣬磬֮λʱ䵽ͷϣҷǵճλ˲ĸĸ𡣡
ҶĳҰĲд볤֧֣һֱȨλΨһ̵ܹıֻи׺ĸ׵ֽ֧֣ϵĻֺ̿Ͳһֱʹսսҹ£δ̤ʵ˵
ǰգʵҵ𣿡
ס˵
ǰʣôе㲻̫أ
ԶʱЦˣҾһ׵ģҲܸҵĻᰡ
ҪΪǿǱ֮ǰǣǰգ۾˵׵İɣ
ա
գв
ð֮ղ˵߼˵ܹ⣬ܱһΣǾܱڶΣֻҪ㹻
Ըˣϲ˵Ҿ֪ףҵ֪
յĿ·ֿѣܽҵĽ˰ɣ
Ǹܣպԥն˵
棡ܾʷһȫû뵽Լᱻܾһ㣬ĿʵΪʲôѽ
ΪĽ˲ɿֻҪ湻ʱԱѡһĮ˵
ʵǣвȰ;˺ǲ鷳


123 
նȻܾĽ˺ͬԸҵ, κһ˺
ʶľܾ, ջ˵ҵĻһֱЧŶ, Ϊ
΢΢һЦұκ˶Ҫٵҡ
һҺʦһµġ˵
δӻֻ˵յΪ˵Ļ, ô뿪ˡ
Цһ, ĮͲӭΪ, ôұˡ˵, Ŀ⿴ǰ, Цӯӯѵ, ʦõ֣һҪ, ҲԴ˻ȡĳ롣
տ, 䵭˵ˡ
ðɡ˵, Ǳ´ټ, ʦá
뿪֮տǰ, ɫ, û˿͸·Ǳưڸе⡣
ʵĵǶجΰĻ䣬޷Ľʹ
ʱ, ޷ȫͻ
¹ԺľصҲ˶ѣĿǰ㳡֮˭ȫͻأ
ո֮󲻾õ顣
ǺΪӣһĹɽһ䶯ǺڽݾĽҪΪʦ˸ǲ١
˴Ҷ֮вͼΪʦֻǸĵҲáбҵ̣ҵػҺҶɽߴ֮һɽɽʱ򣬽壬ڵʱļҵİ½ġɽɳʱֶȱЩұɽɹϽ崦פȨ塣
ܶǺʼղɿڣһնͽģʵ𽥱ˣʡ̺ػҲȺʦˡ
ǺӴԭ˳ҰСѾͷΪʦЩǺӾ֮ɽ֮²޲ƽˣ˳µļա
һʼճɽɵʱӹúǼǺӺʹҶڻҲ޷ȥЩͬŵļżǴѹ
Լʹʦǰ㲻ԸΪ㻹޽١
ʦΪ̹ΪҲǹ󣬲ģ˶Ժ̫ˡ˵գ̾˿ȫͬųУЩսթ޳ͬų£ʦԵÿɰֱˡ
š
ҲղԸһ󣬵Ǻͬرػһ˴ΪеѣһȺ곤ʦǾѹһСѾͷ¾ᷳˣοԻȷʤǣ㲻Ҳòʱ;û˼ˡ
ֲ䲻ˣαԼ䵽ǰ㲻أҲȥղԸˡ
ػȴ෴ػ̵ĳƣ֮ͬŮ׿ԽȴȫһΪ˴ֱ̹Ƣ𱬡ػȴ߰ƫִֶΡ
ػҼ̳ˣ˵һ˶ҪһҪõݸ߰ΨҶӡ
һֱҲȷҪʲôʲôֻǺӡ
ƽΨһһαܾǱǺӾܾ
ֻǱܾҲˣǺھܾ֮Ȼһ֪ҰΪͽػԾܵ裬·ߺ޼ޡ
Щɽܵĵػɽɴ̾ᾭӪȨ壬ѾΪȻҲԺֹϵҾͬƹ֮
οȨΪһ׮±κȨĴȨ䣬ȨٲȻ˾ְҲֱӸָȨ⸱²ֻĵУŵĲҲΪ
ڴ£ػһ˴Ѵѹգ޼ɵҲǳԿǲ㲻ػĸճ˸լײ뿪壬͸Ǻѧżŷ磬ҲֻɽȥɽɽµĴׯĴйɢ
Ϊֹպػ˶ల£Ƕ֮ĶԹſС֮ССֱ֣Ǽ鷢
һղԸػɽһλԵܺõʦ棬˵͡
һֱִԲ򣬴ʦòԸʦǸԭºͽ⣬ʦ˵ͣʮպɽׯڴ˹ʦõػ˵
ʦ￴֪Ļǡ
ػϵɫԳЦ˵ʦѵҶʦôܶôҶôǽɵͽܡ
ͽ⣬ǰҺͿŻͬǽɱһǧ˰ٵĴ¡˵
ʦɫϲαڵһЩţλĸʦرʰĺˣϧ͡뵽΢΢һЦ˵ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬʦͨٺò±㽻Ұɡ
ػԶʱмԥ¶ʦ˵ʦֱ˵ǰȥǲӦʦȽͼ
ʦҲǻҲӦػ룬΢һ˼ͷӦá
ڸʦǰȥɽׯȪСס֮ҲδӦˣȪðҲܺɽׯȪĹЧأ
յɽׯػһҲڵʱ򣬶ʱˡʦǸЦݣҲõ˦ˣֻס£ڶ뿪ˡ
Ҳվͱ֪°ˡ
ա
ʦ㷢ղڷڣȥѰʱػ߹˵ʦҹ뿪ȥˡ
ʦԶʱô᣿
ػ˵ҹǰѰ˵˼仰ˤˣ˵һ̶ȥ

ʦϵɫʱЩÿģһԵı뿪ϹҲסҲЩá
ʦʢЩʦЦЦ˵ЦⲢδ۵ס
ػɫЦˣ˵ɽׯӦǿȪѵõĻᣬʦ㲻ҪȥЩɨ˵飬ȥȪɡ
棡ʦԶʱϲ˵ȪɽׯȪڵͨǧһյֵһ꣬ĻԵô
һƭ㲻ɡػЦ˵
ȻȥȪˡ
ʱ°ߵ˹
Լ˿ħߡ

°յħѪħӣѪǿһ֧ϹħѪʳֶβѪȣħҲǲܻӭһ֧
νѪʳΪʳ
֪ԼѪŵ°֮󣬶ʱĬˣµȵס
ѪȺӱֵ̬ϣһʱ֪ǸɴĥĺãǼǿĹͼ֮
֪ǲġ
ţһεκ˶Ҫȥ
ľ֮պܿʼڵĴ
⣬ϵĴ֮ȫˣǺû£ϲδʲôˡ
ձ°ħߵĵһ죬δλѪŵֻһλѪŵŮǴŮĿе֪ԼĴ
ŮһͬȰ˵㲻Ҫɣ
ˣӲܺù򡭡£˶ˣֻΪڡ
̧ʱδе˼
ǰʲôݣﶼɡŮ̾˵ԲҸ
˵գתȥ
ħߵĵһ죬ձСŮδˣһƽȡ
յҲ˫ֱϥһſڴ齵ǽϣϥϣĵһƬ
֮󣬲֪ȥ˶ã̧ͷ¶һŲ԰ӣ¹ԽĲҵ֪ʦʦǡûзҲˡ
˵˵ţ̲סգ۾ȻʹĲϵգţǿ϶û֡
ǰ˵ҺʦȥɽׯȪˣǱģͻȥġ
°͸ϥϣ˫ֱȣʦӦ÷Ҳˣ֪ͨʦǵİɡ
˵ţյȴһıȵףɽׯػɺϡ
ѪžԵ޹°ˣж˾׼Ѹ٣¶˿ԲֻģղòĴ㣬ҲΣֻܿԼˣκ
¿꣬˿
յ˫ץϥǣɫ²԰һȻǰĹâ
취ӳ졣
ա
ռŮеѪһ԰òӣһϮɫĳۣɫɭĶֻǴ޵Ŀ⣬֮Ų԰¶˿Цݣ͵˵ǸŮûƭңȷǼƷɫʦ̫ࡣ
ԣ̧ڵһ
⸱ӣѪЦҲζ˵㻹֪ɣǺʦҡ

Ŀⶢû˵Ҳû˵ţֻ˵˭ҵʦ㣿
һҹδ˵ҲδˮɤӸɬ˻ơ
ôţػѪЦȴǼΪ˵ԭץĲ㣬ػֻ䵽ûһŵƨңҷŹ˵иøɫʦáͰʦ׸ҡ

ѪޱǸӱɫЩʧϲδеĳޡԹߡ־ı飬仯Ҳ˵ĺô
ֻ޵ûʦöˡǰգ˵ģŮ˹Ȼûƭңȷɫ
㣬ֵáѪ˵


124 
ѪŷϹħ, ɵҲϹħ, ҰѪȶ̣ΪѪʳ, ҼطܣΪǿѪᣬѪŵħһֱ°ʳɫ׿ԽŮޡ
ǰ, Ѫžͱ޽Χһ, İдӴ˹ħ򲻸̤޽˷ˡû뵽, λѪ˴󵨾Ǳ޽硣
ħЩŮû˼˵θ, ɵŮ˼, ֮¸ǡѪЦа˵, üۼĺزס߰ɭ, ˲ʡ
ǰɫĮΪ, ɭ˵ϲ, ҾѪŵ, һ֮֮ϣɲͨǿ
㵮ҵĺ, һܿ㲻ɣѪϸȰ˵, Ҷ˵ʣµĺȻ֮ˣһ֮ĸ, ħ˭˸Ҳ㣿
ɫɱ޶ݣޱ飬ֻﲻ
Ѫ⸱ǧ̬֮ȲΪ⣬Ǻһڣ̫˳̫׵ĴˣҪϲҪ˳ģħЩŮˣһһֶζ࣬Ѫ˱ᣬҪԵ
ԣѪŻǱ޽򣬱Ϊ˰вЩɵŮޡǱ޽Ѿһʱգץ˲ٵĸŮޣжΪССɵŮӣһʱʧҲ̫ĸϵ
ץգѪ㳷޽ĩ˸ɱʴģѪ߰Ҫһ߹ŮΪδĸףħŵЩ޵ŮϣǱ޽ץϲɵ׿ԽŮ޻ȥҲӣȰ˴ȥħ򣬰צϣļǣӣ
뵽Ѫǰɫ˶ƶŮ߲ʱգǹ΢΢һЦʵǰǰŮ⸱ģԽ߽ĻԽ
ҲգеģҵġѪᣬϸŵֻǱҵ̫á
˵գתȥˡ
̺򣬲ɵܶ񡣡ѪŮ˵
Ůǻֵ̿Ļصǣ
뿪֮ڵղ˿ϱɻ˼֣Ȼݺݷ˸ۣºǺɵƣ
ǿˣλѪŰڷƱƸͣʱһ߰תķڵĽƣһԺһǿȡᡢŰħŴħͷŮ޵ɵƾ顣
ھԴְԶͶŸİ= =
ԭ޷ԼʶΪλͻȻһ֡顱
ûյĳֵĻôѪ°ߵľͻػػһؾ̽յʱαװɢ޵ѪѪƽ߹ɵŮޣͺһڣڹ˺Ϊ˶ǷģĲҪײҪԽǵòԽϲ
ؾѪϵòػػְֺҲм˼ģϾѪһǺÿİ԰аӣֶֻòػᶯĺ
뿪ؾ֮Ѫֺػһ·ͬУڼ˾黥㺡ȻѪع⣬ػ޷ħݣ˸ϵѪǿħ򣬿ǿȡŰ
ⲻϵŰǧٱ飬Ϊ㰮ҡɵƾѪػheˣѪҲʽȥǸ٣Ѫ
ȻһιѪػħ򣬻صɽɡʧٶػصɽҵʱ򣬷һжʶˣȻõȨλ
УػαװҩȵӻѪط⿪ᣬȻһֿʣػػȡһС
ա
ʲô
ջ˺óһʱԺⲿͻȻļ䣬Ȼʼ˼ȻʵѾƫˡ顱ػûкѪ㺣ץҲػ䲻֪ʲôԭɵģһк͡顱Ķһˡ
Ǹл顱лְ֣֪˸ƽڵĽƣ
ѪҪػŰ½ƽʲôǶǼҳ㷹ˣػѪŵʱ֪˸ν⿪Ƶİ취Բų˽ƻָΪߵġ
ְֻǰҵģ
¸ж˵

֪˸ƽƱҲˣӳ侲Ļ׼ߡ
֮෴Ѫѿɫƺʲô鷳һ㣬üԽˣǰǿѹסŭݣװһͼ
ְֵľ͸֪ǸʲôеգһףҲ֪Ǽĺ㲻ƫǿȡϷ룬˿Լ̬ȡ
պѪƺʧȥģպ⣬ϾһǺװã顱ػʱװˣˣܰػǵȸ߰ݵĴСĻŭţɲһġ
ҴȥһЩȤĶѪЦ˵Ҳ֮ı뷨
Ŀ俴δ˵
ѪǿӲĽȥˣǰȥĲطѺЩץŮ޵ĵΡ
ɭֱֲͨͨ¼Σձǿдȥˡ
˵Σտ龰ʱ˲Ұˣһ˲հף֮ľ޴ķŭ
ͬɽ緢һ㲻ϵӿľ޴޺ŭ𣬼Ҫ˶գǱģȴǷȼյģߵֺݺݵȭָƤ
˾ҵĲţҴڵĺţǻһʹ
޺ɱ⣬Ǹ塣
þȫʹԼûгȥͷͬھ
վԵѪ԰̵ɫ΢΢һЦ˵Ƿ֪Ҷʴȣ˰ɡ
Ҳҵ˰ɡѪ˵
վһɫѹ֣üͷŭ𲪷
شѪҲûж˵ʲôֻĴָգϧ˵Ż˰ɡ
Ѫ뿪ȥˡ
˵֮±ѺطصһŻθҵķӿĵ£ͷͣһֱѹŽŵǵ˲ϡ
һҹϥ˫ϣ붨ޡ
˼ʼ޷ƽҵĳްżµɱǻࡢѪҺﲻϵķӿ
ɱɱɱ
ʶѪɱ֣ɱɱɱ
޻ΪɺѪҺΪ̹ǵɱ⡣
һĻаħɱ
ɱˣʶ磬˻ҵķ̣ͬ治ϷյĻ¯һ㣬ʶ㱼·𱻳롣
Ī޿տĿռڣʶΪһ˫ۣע·һƬ޾Ϩ֮ɫռ䣬ڻ֮һյĻĳͨŻ棬ͬƣӡڽϡ
ǱŬ۾Ҫ塣
ȻˣǱǱضˣָĽĶֻһϢļµı޷ļɱǵصĳѹ£һӦֻĿһʹ
ͷȥǱ̴Ŀڡ
֪ʱûпζģֻܵɱ⣬ѱ̴Ŀڡ
ĿĿŴ̴ĿڵǱգգɬ۾
һ£ѵﲻϵӿֳǾҵĲҺɱ⣡
ЩزݵаħûƾʲôҪ
ƾʲô
زʣұ㷴죡
аħұаɱħ

ɱɱɱ
ղԼô˺޼ֵ˿
̧֣ѵĿڲӿֳ޾ɱ⻯Ϊץס˴̴ĿڵĽȵĻ˲ս˵ƣһƬĽڣʹϯʶѹţһʹߡ
ץ̴ĿڵĽƤᱻջٷٽҲɿֺ
Ȼ󣬺ݺݵһΣ
˲γĿڣһѪ罦һ
˲оտգ·һ󶴣硣
о䣬ݴ
Ѫͣšˮͷһ㣬ϵ⻩
оԼʧԽԽ飬ԽԽ䣬ԽԽʶģǲҪˡ




Ϊʲôأ
ʶģ弴ɢʱղɵԼΪʲôأ
Ϊ
Ϊ
ΪҪɱˣҪɱɱɱ
ɱ
ɥʧʶ۾𣬱ŷһ˵⣬Ϳ̹ǵɱ⡣
ڣյķڡ
ϥ۴붨գ͵˫ۣ˫ĿһץȻݺݰγ·γһ㡣
ֻյиһĹ⣬Խʢ۳һĽ
Ǳ죬ų治Ϸյĳ
ܲϨ޽֮
죬վ֮򿪷žֱ˳ȥ
ѪʿҪֹһ仰㱻һնɱ
Ѫķȥһ·ϵ֮ˣֹˣն佣¡
潻֯Ѫһҹ
ȾѪʺѪڴһ̱㱻ƵĻٸɣ˿ۼ
󡪡
Ѫķ⡣
ճǰţ۾һգգֱὣǰš
Ȼֱ˽ȥ
ڡ
ǰŴƵѪѹŸͬûдŮޣڴϾҵĶš
Ѫ̧⿴ȥ
Ž˽۾գҲգһǰնȥֱԴ
ѪͫϴӦԴԴڵأڵϹ˼£㲻ˡ
ϵǾͷ壬ʱǰȥ
ռ״üȻ󲽳ǰֽǸɫ԰Ů˴ӹס˳
ԱߵİϣȻ߻ش齱ߡ
һ԰ϵŮ˶Ŀ⿴ľٶ
˽߻ش齱ߣҲȳѪֳǾͷʬȥȡʬϵĴʹӡ
Ůޡ
ɱ˲ʬޱİǸɾѪͷ壬Ȼߵһʰ˵ϵǶţҵԼĴʹȻ
Щ֮תȥһĿЩ㶵Ůޡ
տɫ룬Ȼ˼ѪϰĴ䶪
Ůޡ
Ůֽס⼸һãȻĿ


125 
ߡնǰãȻŮ޼˵
ŮĿ㶵Ŀ, ȻĽսסеļ䡣
ûԼĴ֮, ǰŮȥŮǰ, ϵŮͷڰ׷ע
ϡմԼĴȡһ۶˵Ȼ󱳹ȥ
ϵŮĿעãȻŻͷ, ϵĵ, ̵֮ȥ˵, ԭϵޱ, ֱ޳ݵȳ˵ϡ
Ů޷ѾĽ۴, ĵĵ, ˵һ
֮
ˡŮ
תɫӵ۵ŮԽԵ, ɫѩͨ͸Ͼˮһ, Сɶ, üĿ续, һ˫ˮڰ׷˵쳣Ĺ˳
ҡն˵, Ȼų泤תȥˡ
ŮĿ㶵ĿȥӰ, ȻŽţһԲĸȥ
Ҳ˵һԵĸ

նסŲתŮ˵, ҽҪȥĵطʺϴ㣬Ҹȫĵطһ㡣
ŮǲԣֻĿ⿴԰ɫǿ

ռüȻ಻˵Žתȥǰߡ
ȻҪͱԼ˵
ŮһԲȥ͸ȥġ
һ·ϣյѪŵħ޶˵ֱὣȥ״̬쳣һֽڡ޵С״̬˾Ϳһ顣
쳣״̬޷ֻ֪ͣ쳣侲ǰδе侲˵ֻʣǺ侲еж·ϰȥʶױȵѡ
ÿһΪǵãÿһٶʶġɱˣ侲ȡ
֪ǲģ쳣ҲǷ裬Ըȥ
ֻз쳣ﾡЩаħԸ׹֮С
ɱһУŮ޽һԲĸ󣬼Ȳ־ֲʼǴƽڰ׷һֱעǰὣɱ˵ա
⡣
ͣ½ŲתŮ˵𶯣ȥ
Ŀ⿴ǰŮޣ˵ҺܿͳҪǺ¾ʹУͻ
ŮһԲڰ׷
տһۣȻתŽȥ˵ΣŮһԲĸȥ
㲻Ҫ˵
ಽŮ򴽣С˵Ҳ¡
ҪĻȻҺۣͱ۾˵ȥ͹ȥ
Ůɫ˼֣С˵
˵Ρ
ۣ
˵
һֱŮ۾
û۲۾˵ȻɫĿǰȥ
Ǹ޴棬սвųĳһǰݺȥӦѣ˲䱻Ϊ롣
ЩԭͱѺŮǣ̧һ˫˫ľ
򴽣ϵɱǿг泤ƵĻԽǡ
Щаħɱˣǰȫˡն˵ȻӴȡһѵﳤ۷ŵǰãҴǳȥ
תǡ
ȺﱻȳŮǣãȻһǰȥ˵ϵﴩá
лл
лл
ࡢл


һ˻ƸɺԵȻűǡۡۡۡдƤŨѪζ˲ɢ
Ȼʶʲôյͫ͵ؾæתȥȴֻˣЩŮǣÿһ˶룬߽̾ͷ̴Լһ˫˫۾ڵѪС
ǰһǽϣ̾ߣÿһ̾߶ȾѪԭѩ׵ǽϱɺԵѪȾúںɲ
̾ǽǰĿŮǣǵ岻ϵѪ飬飬顭
һĻյʶ˲һƬհףȴԽˣԽ䣬ŵĳǳĻԽǣΪ𣬷پһС
ֻô˿ıһΪһ׹ߴ̹ǵɭһȴȹ̵ļ尾ǻﲻϷӿľҵ˻޷Ƶɱͻ
һУԣҪɱɱɱ
˶ҵĲ۾ų泤ȴԽˣ߬
оԼʶҲ·𱻷˰㣬ۿһľҵʹ˫Ŀ·Ҫա
˾޴ʹУϵ鸡ܵʹĥ
ʱ
ʶ㱼䣬·Լ˶Ҫմʱƺ˵ŵŵŵĲϵԶĽŲ

ԭģʶȻ˲Ž߬պϵ˫ĿȻлڷգŽתǰһȥ
Щ˿˺ǣ
˿̣վһҵʶֻһͷֽս˽Ҫǰȥڶ
ʦ߻ħˣΪʦסɢעû
ǣ

һҹնԣǲ׵جεĻȥ
գȫʧˡ
ǱǺӺʹҶִˣŰȥ
ʱҲǺӲܵסһǻܽµǺǿһҲ˲ᣬ˴²źáɼʱһ
飬֪Ĳࡣ
һ²֮Ѿ䶨
ػʦʦַΪšǰļŶ̾˵û뵽ӾȻ֮󣬾ȹħŲкͬŵ
ɫ԰ûһ˿Ѫɫ䣬ɫ纮һԲĿڴϣżź˵ɽׯʧٺ顣
Ѫ°֮ػ˴ǰȥʦ㣬ʦΪȥţʦ㲢δ䡣ԶɽɵĴҶʶ˲ԣʧ֮ɽɵĴҶΪһֱδյĻţɻ
һǰĺϰߣÿȥһطдŻȥƽһһЩزȥһڱֻżĻȥ
һΣˣҶȴδӵĻţɡ
ҶɻҲδֱȥɽׯ
ɽׯղڣ֪Ѿȥ֮󣬵˵ֱŽɽׯ⿪ŵȪСŻʦͣػ
Ѱά


126 
Ҷű䳤, ǰػʺ, һһʵʦںδ
ýʺػʱЦһѾ, ʦáʦɡ
ȻǰĴҶɫȻȥ, Ŀɭɱ, һ飬ʦģ
ػ⸱ɱģΪȻ, Ϊһ㣬бɱң
˵գ¶˲мЦݡ
ҶĿɭĶһ, ȻʺĽƫ˼磬һݺݴ̴Ҽ磬û뵽Ļôػʱһҽ, Ҽ类̴, ɭĽ˲ʴ˿ڣѪϵ
һԵʦ㱻ⷬʾˣɫɷĴҶ, ٿ˿佣̴ػƺҪ˵ЩʲôȴڴҶɱĿʱ, ԥһ, ձ, һԡ
㾹ңػʹɫ͵̧ͷĿʹ޵ĶҶ֣
ҶɫѾɭ䲻Ϊֻ˵Ҳɱ㣬Ҫһķܶࡣ
ػԶʱȻŭңҶңҲŹ㣡
һҶѡҶ䣬ӳƴˡ
ػеͲмŭˣ֪ʦõ䣿Σ
ҶĿ⿴һۣȻһԲ㳯ǰȥһֶֻסʺ˵˵ʦõ䣬߱ҷ˵ﾭ
סʺػֻоһҵʹϮ·ҪϢǰҶɭɱӣʧѪҼѪʧѪɫ԰ͷһѣΡ
ʶҶģв˵Ļĵ;
ػʼˣηˣɫɫҧſڲɿ
ҶĿĶϵɫһϴȥɭǿԵ˲ػڵľһҵʹϮֻľ·Ҫ˰㡣
ҡ˵ػҰɫŤʹ˵ʧˡ
Ҷɫ͵س£ʧٵģ
֪ػҧϳйأҷֵʱѾʧˣֻʧٵϢ
ѣҶĿ俴Ҵ
ٴһһҽػз
ԱߵʦĲҽжʱһɫ԰ףƤ˼ǲ̹ۿһ㣬Ȼȥ
Ƕ˷侲ԳֵĴҶľʦ㱳ǣػϴĲҽֻĵһƬ䡣
££̫ˣ
ػסҶıʣ¶ʵ飬ħץˡ
ѪţǶ֣
Ĳֻ֪֪ôࡣ


ҶŶߵĲҽаΪ֪ѪŶ°֮ڵĿ¡
ػʲ֮󣬴Ҷ֣ͣѺɽɡ
ȴҶػ뿪֮ʦֹסĲɫҰһƬѪɫѪţôѪţôħޣʦþǱħ°ߵǵƤ±ħ°ߣȴʧٲܲˡ
ʦֻǰһ󷢺ڣˣԺˣ
ҶѺػɽֱ֮ȥ˽ãʱĽѶ̲ĸ𣬱ʱһδִƽáĿѪϢػѺöʱˣæʵ˺£
ʦ֡ҶеȻɭ䣬ػħ޲кͬš
Զʱ󾪣ǹħţǲкͬſɶǴ
ʦѶһʳ顣Ҷ˵ػģȻת뿪
ȥģļ״ʵ
ȥѰʦ𡣡˵£ȻԽɱ̹ǣʧٵʦá

ȷǱѪħ°֮ɽѸٵĳˣɴҶӺִõľӢʿһͬɽɷԲʮһֻӬɲȥȻѲѰѪŵʿ
ǺţԸҺȨ塣
ҰѳȨ壬ڽɱڵĹ̲СػҶðѺ͵ãĵ̿ʣǻ˼Ҷػ֣вġ
¹ħѪţľκεĴе¹ضˣǣ˶ˣػһΪҲУǷڵ˲У
ɽɶ˱ˣػѺڽ̷ɭϵҹѶͬȥɽׯ˰ʦŮ඼Ѻδ֮ǰһ˶ȥ
ʦɫ԰׵վɭѪɫ񾪻̣ºڼˣΪʲôʱûжģΪʲôػ׵ĺŪ˹ȥ
֪֪
ҶɽִӵĴѰѰյ䣬ɽɷԲʮﶼϣڰѪŶʱٲά裬Ǻüݵ㶼ˣֱӵѪƢı塣
˴ǰ޽ĿĿɲֻѰ֣ҲֻΪԼҵ£пץ˲ʺƯŮޣ׼ȥħġ
Ϊˣûץ֮ħҪϢκĴһŮޣǼ¡ͷɽɽĴѰǡ
Ѫ״᲻֪Ǳ¶ˣ°һ䣬ȻػǸ¶ˣ˵ʲôڵ⼸յĹûȥ
ȻǸŮˣѪЦϵԽˡ
뵽ץǸɽɵŮӲԵӲ̬ȣѪԽȥʱȴûǸġ
һǸŮ޵ͷԡ
գǰȥǸη
մӵ֮󣬻صֱӱŻˡ
ҹѪɱԴ쳣״̬ոһԴ
һֱѰ׷ĴҶɽִõѰ˹
ȻǵԺȴǱصѪˣ֮Ѫħ޺ʬס
˹쳡ҶʱʶãæóǺȸһ飬ʱǺӳ˱Ժ
ʦ𡣡Ҷе
ǺĿĿɨһͥԺĲ״̾˿Ȼˡ
ǺӶԴҶ˵ȻתͷĽִõĵ˵ȥѰԺ֮㡣
ǣִõĵӦ
ǺӴŴҶѭϢŵθȥˣǵʱ򣬿ıǵصԾı°ѺŮ޵ʬףԼ˫Ŀɫɱεա
Ǵ룬̧ͷһ˫ɱǣ·Ǳ˴ַһ㡣
ãʦ־壡ɱԴ󷢣Ϊʦס£
ǺӺʹҶ£ǺΪ˲˵ħеգӲĽһɱѪ
ǺֲȥǵѪΣΪʦöûôصˡ
Ŀ⿴ǰ˫Ŀ췢գҡͷʧЦҲʦˡ
ɱһ


127 
ǺӺʹҶմȥɽɵʱ, ˶ǻԵ, һԾһ¡
һڣ³ϲ, ħ¹ش󣬾ݹϢ˵̾˿, ղػΪ, ҡ޹ء
ҽ, ػѺںȽհ꣬ǷҲ±Ȼءʦ, Ҫػ, ػ˼ħ屳, ҲǻΣͬ뽣, ϳػΪʦš
Ŀ⿴ǰڴɫ԰ü۱, ϧ, ػΪʦַϵ, شɡ
Լ㽾ĽϵΪʦţػ߰һ, ش, ΪԳܴӶħ
һΣҲܵشѻصǰ˵Ϊػ, Ҵ˴˴ҡ
ֻϵģžӪֵ˺һһγľӪһ񣬹Ȩ塣ǺȻֲܣͽܣȨ綼Ҫͽϣͽ֣ܽȨһ֮ˣһղ̫ƽ
ڱ̧ͬ⣿
ȻǲͬģȨǵĸʦ˾ǶҡܴӦǲӦҲãЩԽԽвֻǹ˼Ķٳδ֣飬޷̣û㷢ʰһ١˵Ȩ´Ȩƽʦϣʦ㡭ЩҲף
˵գ̾˿ҼҶбľֻЩ״ӵĹʣ֪ⱳͼʦţʦ谮кãʦϲķ¶ҪԼ汻۸ҲֻԼҪôȥҪôˡⷲ˼жӵĶƫܳͲܳģοʦͽ֮䡣
ЩʦϲģӾԽˡ˵ףЩͽԼûӲʦӵ˲翿
ʣԼʦǰҲǵóģҲҷ¶ʦǰȥö˱ᣬҲͲֵǮˣʱ¾ҪۿۡԼŷ¶ԼʵΪѽȥͬţ֮ͬң㣬˴˻һƽȻϵЩ״ӼĹϵҶͬʦֵܽãָʲôʱҪͷȥ
ȵ·Ӷ߱˷þˣΪ˲ŻʦǰΪʦܲԸ⿴ԼͽǸ½˷¶Ҫȥķ
˵ʦҲѧʣĵϵбϿȥǰ򵥡Ȩʦǵ͵İʦûݺã˵ΪСñʦȨλʵǡ
ȨϰǰõԵܴһ겻ֲܣҲŻûմȨȨҵһáˣžҲܲˡȨͳýᵳӪ˽û䣬ʵǰִͷļûñȣλҪһΣʣһҵĹ
ΪΨһͽܵһε̳ˣȻҵжܴѹĥǸУһ굽ͷҲΣҲûʲô˵ģ˵ǰͽˣܵĴѹʹĥ
һʦңЩļͿЩ״Ӷ˽ܰĶˡ
뵽ű̲ס˵ʦЩûҵѴĥǰͷ
ʦˣ΢ʵ
ʦдϽġ˵ҪԸңǱزȱһ
ǺӲܵɱػҲȫңڲСػΪΪħûǣϵģƵܺߣֻΪȫܺ߱˼Ӻߡ
ƾˣԶҡҸ
ǺӲҲǵҪȡػǲԼ̬ȣԴ˲ƴѹԸңΪԼͽҲĬΪǺӲŻγҼŵľӪͷֵʵششӪȨ塣
һǷȨȨҵĸǺ̫ˡһִȨ壬һҪıҡ
ѳſȨϲѪ׳ˮΣԽǿȨԽݣңȨջԻ͡ⱾεΣŵããȴʼ֪ա
һΣǺӲ̣ȥˣΣѡͽ
ԼкǿӲ̬ȣһıȴѹңΪػֻòϵĸΪǺֻҪͽȴǺҪ
һ㣬֪֪õ뽣֪Ŷ˶ߣΨȨкҲס
ʦࡣ˼ŵĻ֮󣬳Ĭһ˲Ȼ˵
֮¡˵Щֻܲⲻһţÿλ̶̼վʹҴȥΪɵηȨơһΣӲع顣
޷ǰǰ㣬ѹ΢Цʦǰ㣬ȴǸǿӲɵġ
ʦλ֧֣ʦʤʤѶ
˳Ĭڴϣ΢΢԰׵ɫ䣬üĿ˪ѩ˱Ŀ¡
ǰļſģ²ɵ̾λĻõʦ˽Ӵ䣬Խʦ緶ʼŵǹɾ˵ɱüľеΣա
ų԰οʦʦĴΪæµ㵱úõġȥģ㲻ҪˡػԺҲвҡҲЩĹˡ
űˣϵ̫ƽ˽µİӿ
δֻһɵ飬Ůأ
һȻӦ˵֮⣬Ѻ˲ٱѪץסŮޣЩŮޱѺʱ䲻δܵʲôȺŽȳͻȥżȥˡ
˵ǸŮޣҲúðˡ˵
̫ˡ˵
֮Ҳûץһء
ڡ͸ػЩѪŰץŮҲһͬȥħ
ػѪȥħ֮󣬴δҲδܹȺͬץħŮǵºѪŵˣײһѪȻץȥⶾĥŮޣҲֻüȥ
ǺػػɽɸɵʶҴȨѪǱ޽ҩȣж°Ů޵ħػҲֻһֻ۱һֻ۵֪ΪŰΪṩ
֪Ů޲ǵĶȴ
룬ץҲͦõģٽЩץŮޣȺֹ˺Ů޲ⲻҡ
Ⱥսڴˣ
ˡ
̫ˡԵȻ԰׵¶ץĵһЦݣǳǳļ΢Ц
ȴǰļס
մߵĵɵصһϣۿȻˣס죬ð֮󣬲˿˵ʦãôôã
ػһָȲϣ䣡

ⳡػħݺͬŶǣµķ粨ػΪʦţʦڳǱƫԶפؿذ겻ûعΪ
ˣ˽ǣ㣬Զֹ˼򵥡
Ǻ˽Ŷ˼ֹҺһҲĺЩϸͷҲʱôһˡͬȨԿһĲʳѹȨ
֮⣬ЩѪץߵڶŮޣ඼ǳССɻɢޣмݷǱѰģֻѪץʱҲδ֪ǵݡ
ɽϵǸԵļţ⣬ŭ
һɱػһɱ޷ڲأзɱľ޲ΪػŭѣΪǺӶҵĴѹͬպһϵ
ͬҶշѣҧأǶԵѪפ¾ѪɣҧħҪѹЩΪն֧֣ʩѹҺɽɡ
ѹյɽɱԴΪɣҧŷҪƲյұʾΣǿסǺͬԼЩܶյļҵѹҪȻȥ㶨ǣ̸ѹյ飿
ﰵǣЩ֮ԻֱգΪҺӸɵԼ˭ҺûȥŭԲȵգܵܺǰҫˤ
Ͳûֱ˵Һ๼Ѱ·ˡ
ҵѪ˵ǰŵҼߵʱǿ˲ġ
ɽ䱣գ˽¶Ǻ̾˵ǺӣպҪģ˽Ѵ䣬ԲвӰԶ
ɱ̫Ǻ£ִߵĻȱ̾һһɷһħ
˶٣ֵЩ㲻Ҫ֪ˣͻСرǰࡣ
Ϊʦģͽܣǽ˵̾ˣʲô㣬ҡͷ̾ʦҲǲ
ǰ滹úĻǺʱͲˣʦʦܺұȣ
𣿡
š
գӲתƻ֮ͽܡ
ٺǺӺʹҶһ֮ǰյɷݣĽЩ簮ӵɵְһ޲ýƤ£ʱʱ̿١
һգûͳˡ
ôһֱˣֱɡ
뿪ԶУҶҪţҲϴȥ¹ԺҶûǰȥ
뵽ձ㲻ɵص΢Цʵֱ˹ĵĸоܺã˵ǳá
̧Ŀ⿴ǰ⣬ͥԺڵĺĿĽޣµֲʢ˸ܵ޾ͻ
ǲ˵־Ͳõİ취Ǹܶమܶܶİ
ůͰܹһеĿ־岻ͱ䡣
ٴλǶαϢ־ĹշƽԴǰǰʹرܣǸһ˿ЩֻĵɱԼޡ
Ҳ˳ʥ˵ĴȱĽɱ˵Ľȴ˴ȱ
ͬɱػ
ɱΪܵ˺
գΪػյԺ䣬ɫ԰ûΪȴǸʢ˵ĸ߰ģһһ⣬ȻڱΪһ
Ұ꣬ꡭ޽𵤣ӤʱǶҪ۾գ㣬ʦʦ֣ЩŮǣȫҪ
һܲˣ
ʱͥԺｽɫƽ仰Ժ︡𡰾͸ػѪ飬еˮȻתɫ侲ģһԲĳеĳһ̴ǰػʺ
ػʱȻֹŵǰա
Ȼֱµȥ
ϵı侲ƽģջ˽Ȼ˹زɾ˽ϵѪƽ˵ɱˣһ顣
ǡ͸ǸݽթѪȵѪǹƶ˸߰ŮʬȨ۷ػͷֻһ顣
˼򵥡
ɱػ֮˱ŵһߵϵˮδĽȽͥԺĻ֮
תȥˣֱĳŽȥ
գڽõֵġ
Ŀ̤ãϱһ㶣ֵǼ鷢ãͻȻǰá
ʦֶǰ£ʵ
տ侲˵ǰס
ġ
ķ˺ôľŷӦе˼ʵΪף
ɱˡ˵ƽȴ͸ŹɳϿζĶ˵ʦ׵ģ˵׿С
ġ
һʱ䣬֪˵λʦֶ̫ʵ˺ãɱ˻֪ף˵Ȼ뵽У
ĵһǰλСͽ߸˰ŵŮޣŮ޵Ӣۣϱ飬һ޷ɵģǸˡ
ɭڰĵصĴ뱣ϸŮǣеĸϵɽִõӡ
ǰλŮʴȡ
ΪǱϣǵ꣬ƺ׹ڰ
ִ˽úִ֮׷ҪִãҲΪˡ
һɱܹ֪֮ǰȥ׵ĺˣ˭ܱʺִأ
ĺǰεĽáִõִ߲һӲ޾Ȩ÷߷ɱɱϢ
ҲĳŮӰ졣


128 
֮, ھ˻, Ȼߵǰƿ˴ŵľҷⴵ˽, һҵĳơ
۴ͥԺĹڴïʢĲľȻת˰ѻȥˡľǰȻʼ޽֦, ÿή, ⳤ, ˵ġЩҪͨͨ
һ޼ţһߵ, ʦǰ, ҵǴ̫, Խû΢ˣԲŻṷǽ, ͼһѡ
ôһֱҧղ, ǵղ, Ҫ𣿵Ȼ, ҪԸĿɲգ˵ֹ, , ǺӣǺӺǷֵĺȨŵˡ
ҲҵȷǺȨƿƽΣ, һٶĴ֮ٱһδα߽ȨᣬҲôоѡ
ʶһʵʧȥͬˣġ
ǰؼ̰ҧβˣŻһ·ϾɱֻҪǰǰһȨǲܵġ
ȻǲʱȨġ
Ǵϸ£ĿգҲա룬ԸһˣͲ̡֮
ᣬɫ˼ƺе鶼ⳡϣյġ͸ǻµġǰоʼһϡ
뵽ղЦˣꡱһлһؿ֦ǻְ
ֵģЩڴˡ
ػѪġҵһһɱûˣ˪ºɷҲûᰵûˡաĽ𵤺ͽģ˪µϮ֮·δʼزۡ
ûˡ顱ֻᷢʲôأ
һԤУûǣɲ̫ƽ

Ŀʼ죬ĵʱΪаᶫɽȫ¶ʼ䡢׼æµҲ׳ŽȥӭӴվɽɻֺĴǰӭд͡
ա
ȻǲԸİ
۵ĺŲҪȥÿվڴǰǽӴС㣬鷳ۡ
룬ҲЦӭ黶ӭˣҲ֪ôġ
һľܾлſأҿ²ʤΡ
ԶʱЦˣ˵㲻ʤΣ˭ʤΣõһӭдǣ˭ܲ
˵գŻ̾˿ŵӾһ飬໥ִָǲ
ͬɵӻ಻ʱȶֱӿҲǳ̬ÿεΰάص㣬ûִõĵǶ
㣬ϣҲܵɣһɨŵĳüЦеĿ˵
ա
롢ˣ
˭ţģ
ȥ
عִ˸磬˭ң
֮ܶξ鷳ʦֶŶ˵ЦǺǣˡ
ա
ƾܲõգҲֻˡ
Ҳһ飬ȵῪʼһ죬ɽǰվһӴ¸ŵ˾УڶûˡһĻ̵ġ
ϵǣỹ쿪ʼǰīǰˡ
īգѵûһϮɫҶȹԽԵףʤա
վɽźͼΪӭīˡ
һӺǰԶϣһҾ޴ɫ¥ƺ֮ϣ·ƶƺ֮С
Ŀ⿴ǰ׾޴¥۵ײɾ𶯣¥һ޽õľǸĳ˸֣ǵģǸ֣
Ͼ⻬ӲģŹԵĴǡ֣
˰
𾪵Ҳͺ칤ʦһ첻ֵĺôû뵽Ūˡ
˵¥˵Ǿ޽ˡ
տʼʡûи칤ʦ˵ĸˡ
˵ˣ칤ʦĶ㲻á
ǻʲôֱͶ= =
ĺĸ˭ܿס
ͬģɽɵźλϿǰƺױľ޴¥۵Ҳ𾪡
ð֮ŵ˾䣬ī칤Ȼͬ죬û뵽겻컯֮ѵ˹ֲ֮
վգĬĬصͷ
ռֻһŻֻŻֻŻֻһŻֻŻֻŻ
ŵñһɡ
Щ꣬ûٺ칤ʦϹ˵칤ʦͽ˹ܸˣú˵СоֹͣˡȻվҪˡ
գ޴¥ͣǰƺϣ¥򿪷һݣȴ¥ǰһ尵Ƴͷɫ䵭ݲ԰׿칤ʦ
¥£߸վϣˮγһɨǰȺҵվ󷽵գĿˡ


129 
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յһο˵, Ŀʱһ, Ȼһɸİ
Ҳǰƶϵ칤ʦ΢, һЦ
һ˲, Ϥĸоֻˡ
Ǹվϵɫ۵, ͸ˮγǵĿ, ΢Цʱ, һʢ˵ȻǿѹȾȥ, ϤеĲ԰׿, ʹ⣬Ͼˮ
տ, ɵص, գ۾
ϵ칤ʦϤľٶϵЦˣеĹҲԽ
վīǽԼʦ·λɽ˶Ů޵ĻʱĿˢˢĿվŵա
˷, ϵɫӼ·𿴼ʲôϡ䱦԰㡣
𣿡
𣿡
ʦͷ𣿡
īĵСּ˷ܵĽͷӶˡ
ù˷Ŀⶢŵա
֪ΪΣеЩ£
Щīӵ̫Źˣڳɶ
վǰλɽɽЦһ˵޽һ˵ͷīȺӶˡ
ա
Ҿòģǲǿˣ˵Ǳòˣ˵ǿ˻ķϵǳǰ˷ܰԵġ
ǲ֪ǿǶˣ޽ԶЩһʱ侹޷ȷīӵǰǶΡšŮˡ
ǿȷǣĶΣġ
׵ĺ
УϹ죡
ȥЩ鷻ЩǡǮϹдȫץٰʮġ
գϹ໰
īǵķӦɽɱҪ޽ʮɵʢᣬʱʮɵۣȫԼʱҪٵѹ
ʱɫȫˡ
ð֮Ұοֹ۵㣬Ҳûô⣬кµҲȫǻģû֪˻ҳ̫̫ϳϡ͡ͽǿȢµһˡдģҲᣬǱסһ
û֪ʲôҲ֪
ǰûʲô룬ԼԼĴ˲ĮƧԱ磬ʵ̫˰
ʵ̫аȫˣ
õ鱻ͱȥıѩ磬˻齫Զܣ
뵽ղɵؾ΢Цˣ̫ˡ
оöء
칤ʦīӴƶ¥ɽǰͣסŵȺī۵ĵǶĿ˷ֱܵĶվŵա
ա
оԼ·һζĹͷһȺʿ˷ܵĶţʲôƱ
ԼȱԼıˣ΢ײĳԱŲŲŵſڵסȺīʿĿ⣬ʵ̫мˡ
ŲȺīǶҲƶֱ㵽ɽŵȺīǵ߱ڵסˣһ϶ʱ¶ʧɫǵı޲ýǰµɽŸŲǡ
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źʲô
ɽƺЩǼΪٶЦǺǵĶǰīΪ׵칤ʦ˵칤û뵽ξ͵ˡ
м⣬ī칤ƧĮ߶Ǵ·ǰ޽ʢˡ֪һε칤Ƨʤû뵽Ȼǰ
īᵱʮģɽ°ûȥյ칤ʦīʱЩ֪ġ
ֻ칤ʦСİϲѣ˻һѴˣ˭ûƫ۳ΪϲǿıԼ磬ǿȥϲ飬顭
ܣ
ֲëͷСӣѪСᣬһܸɳȲǵ
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Ҳ̫˰ɣ
칤ʦϵɫϲɵЦˣ԰׿δ꣬㲻·𣿡
ôһЦкİжʱͲˣʶϤǸСīյҲͳ׵ķһĺСīദȻ࣬ȥģտҲЦ£ʵ
칤ʦ룬Ȼ˵ȥסĵط𣿡
СյɫʱŮӵĹ뷿ģʧ񣡡
֪СīǸլȱʶԶԲδ룬ֻǾҴȥɣŵɺÿˣ˶ҪȥһʢδǸϽȥһۣȻʱ̫ˣͲÿˣֻܿͷ

칤ʦԳĬ
ղſ˵ģīȺҪȥ£Ȼʵҿȥеĵط𣿡
ԣ˵㲻ϲ𣿡
š
ҲаɡռȥҲǿ˵Ҵȥϴؿ
칤ʦЦݸ԰׿Խ뿴ĵطʲôĵطɰС
ô˵ҲȥҵĹ뷿ġ˵
Ϳȥ
칤ʦĲеɶ


130 
մ칤ʦȥϴءī÷֡ġˮ̶, Ϧ̨ϵ̨, ̧ͷԶʵգɫҰ׵ĳ̨, Ѥõϼͬգӳʡ
ԣ칤ʦѧ, Ե, һǰĲ, ȻջĿ⡣
ʲôղͷʵ, īǰǰ, Ϊ£
, 칤ʦ̧ɫϦ, ʢ˽, , ıʯ, ϦӳУ˽ɫ
Ц, ԰׿Ⱦһ㱡, Ǳůճܸ㡣˵
Զʱ⣬Իʲôܸҵģ
ΪǾϲ칤ʦ˵ɫһ濴, Բǰ㡣
ա
⻰ʶǰǲ˵
֪СīˣҲţǲԼԼ
ǰ˵һҲûϵһ㶼ģֿǰ濴˽ֲȥǰˣԸȫû⡣ղģͼ˵칤ʦ
ĺȫ֪
ǲô˵칤ʦΪɼֲ͸
ա
ܸĹִˡ
칤ʦϲʵɫеֲɵض£븧ǰСգջɿ֣·˻ȥٵ֪ˡ
ܿġûģ칤ʦ
죬նûټ칤ʦһֱīĵǹ㳡æµ֪ŪЩɶǹ㳡ī˽פ֮󣬱㱻ˣīĵӺɽŵ֮⣬˭
أɽɶɵغīҪʲô
϶йء
ⲻϻ𣡡


ǹ㳡ɽĹ㳡ʱڴ˾Уһǰǹ㳡Ѿȫų́ϯҲѾ£һ׼ֻῪʼˡ
īͻȻפǹ㳡ŪЩʲôͷˣǶѾȫŪˣīŪʲôأ
ԽأԽڣԽ֪Խ֪ٵɽɵҹͼǹ㳡ȫסˡ
ĴشȺӣǼɫǺڵģɽ¿Ƶ
һԶʱɫһ˵ͷתܡ
ļ״һ׷ȥסûʵʲô
ǰµա
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ļ״Զʱǣ⻰˵Լ飬Ūң
˵ѶᣡɸֵҲ̫ʵЩ
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ǰĺ֪ķ֣Ŷʲô˾ߴ
Ŀⶢʵôûȥǹ㳡
ա
̨ô£
ץôôҹ̽ǹ㳡ĵӣȻΪʲôȥ
˼
Īִ
뵽ɫһ࣬ԴǵҵȵԵط׼ôǹ㳡Υ
վǰĻģһ۵㻹ʵһΪ̲ס
պ칤ʦĹϵǳ֪˲٣Ҳ֪ģ֪ī칤ЩǰλʦֶйأΪջǵһ̲סҪȥһ̽ˡ
̲סҲҪ̣ŷȲӣ˵ĴȻʵΪ칤ʦ˵ˣҲȥǰ͵İ
СīһҪϲ̰͡ɣɡ㣬̲סҲ̣
Ŀɫοˣϻ˵̫ϧˣ
һǰȥôȻס㣬ûִ÷ִ̡ȱ˵ʱ򣬱ڵЩСǻ֣£طǣ˳ˡ
ա
㻹ִ
ϵɫʱ˱䣬æ˵ʦ壬һ룬һ
ô£ļܣЦѲɻܳ㣿
ҡ˵
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ͣĴĻ˵㲻ضԣ֪ǣҪţйڣִõĴΪάȹ
֪ΪҪƾǰȥӴˣĿ˵
һʵ˵Ҳ֪
Ϊȥ࿴۲졣Ŀ˵ÿһᣬδ̫ƽ
һ㶣ð֮˵ʲôأ
Цˣؿһۣ˵ıĸࡣ
һϣҴ㡣˵
ɫĵĻʮָжȻܾʦô˵һǲӦġ
ִòʺҡ˵
Ŀ⿴һֻۣ˾䣬
Ȼˣ÷ɿ죬ֽס
ת۱㵽ῪĻǰһ졣
һˣһϮǳɫɽɽۣվɻֺɽǰӭӸŵˡ
һǰıڣڵǸӣһϮ׵ƵĵۣվһȺһɫ۵ʿɽźѣվǰŵϳʹɫͼעĲȱ
տǶ˶ʱ۾һǰȥʦ֣ʦ㡣
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գգ۾Ȼʵ˭
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·𿴼ǱΪ顣
սڵ˽ɽɵӣȥãȻӭ
ڶҩȣˣҩҲиˡ
ҩһһһ󺮱ӭϮܵĿʱ쬵ģ·Ҫ˰㡣
ա
ʶĳ
̧ͷȥȻҩΪ׵ţһϮɫ۰׷ѩ쳣۵ģɲ۽ģµİ³
ʲô
տŰ³ĵԩ·խ
³ʱ򣬰³̧ͷһ˫ڵĿޱĿ
Ȼɫûб飬Īпս⣿
Ǵ
ɵڰɡ
ǱߣҩȵĹҲĺɽɵźţڲΪһܾ쬵ģҪǮţվŵҩȵӸһ޿ı飬˰бɪɪ
һĻա
׵ѵĹԽ񾫽ˡ
³һԣûǰմкѣյҲ⣬ҲˡҲδҩȵĴʦֺ˼䣬ȻɽɵӴдȥˡ
ǰıϤİ¹Ժˡ
Ϊ״ӵɽһϮͦ޳ſ񣬷ʡ
ǸϤģǵЦݺ崺硣
ɽ˵һ仰Ƕ˵գǰӭҵ𣿡Ц˵
ա
Ȼǣɽʣ˵ɡ
ԣɽߵЦݸˣתͷɽ˵ƽ֮һ
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⻰˵ãǰ¹Ժһ㣡
ɽΣжϵЦҲ˵ʦֶɽһѣǱĵӣŶ
ǰɣʦֶɽתͷЦʵͼѰͬ
¹ԺɽЦݲ䣬ͷͬȷմϻʵƽʥӿ佱ϲѡ
˵գ࿴գЦʵգǿմͼڰ¹ǱܻӭǸȡ˸š
ա
ɽЦᣬ쳽ȡŮǳ׹˼֮⡣
ԣɫû뵽ŵ˸߿
ɵǰİ¹Ժѧģɪ¬װֹ
ǵȷǶܰƽ͵ʱ⡣
Ҳɵɫɻüºͣݸһ˿ǳЦ
ɽɫ仯˵Ҷ㡣
Ҳǡտ˵
һԵɽš
ˣˣˣ
ĪԶϼ޻Ҫһսթ
оԼҵΣӣ
ҪĪԶǸҪϼ޻ˣɽɽǰ˵ǰ¹Ժ˴еడǺ뷨
һ˵ţһµɽҿҲҰĵӣǰ¹ԺǲǶְ
ɽͼЦͷգգ۾촽˵˾䣬´
ա
ܸоպЩŹ֣
ֵֹģ
źɽƺЩ֣
ʺŴա
ȴ룬ʦã
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ʦ֡տе
ڰ¹Ժа꣬Ͱ¹ԺԨԴǳ޺һʦõҲûȻɽɣǼȻ¹ԺͬʦãȻҲꡣ
ʦ㡢¬ʦܺʦΪǰȥǳˣԴ˴ǲδ롣ͬ͵
ױʾ֪Ȼ˼䣬ɽɵӣ˵ʦǰдǣҽְ޷߿ͬʦдǡ
ʦˡЦȻЦЦֻҪʦûЩͬɡ
ա
Ȼֵֹġ
ɽɵӴŰ¹ԺĵӽȥˣȻӴ͡
лҪ˵֮ǰ
ɽʦþʹޣ˵Ƕǰ¹Ժˡ
¹Ժӣ
ʦ治ǰ¹Ժ˰
ɽбһۣҰ¹Ժţǰ¹Ժˣ
ɽţmmp
ʮɣһ붼ˡ
ɴˡ


131 
¹Ժ֮, 󡢰ֺͺɽ¶Ⱥ, սӴ֮󣬱㽫ǽɽɵ, ӭоԼҪЦˣЦݱȥһ¼Ҫࡣ
ɽ֮󵽵ũʹ, ũʹɽںѵʱ, վũʹе껱˷ܵĳǰ, ˣˣ
, ̧ȥ, һϮɫƮݵ۵˷ܵĳ, Ҫע⡣
ͬũʹɵ۵վԣ, , 㰲㣡
տ, ˹ȥ, غﴽЦЦδ, ܵѡء
աؿҲ¶Ц, 㿴ȥʤǰ
ܸоڵձǰΪľɫ˶һ¥
꾭Ǿʷḻ˵
ЦЦ˵ɿ佱
Ȼһ, ҲңҲǳԡ
ûסЦ£˭Ҫѽ
ֲȱǿǡ
˵áտɷнµͷڡ
ءú˼䣬㽫ũʹ˽ɽɵ·ȥڡ
Ƿš
ŵĵǴ׵ɫߣͦһȺŵĿŮͳһķɵ۳ֵʱԼ۾ҪϹˣ͵ݻɵҲ̫ˣ
ɽЦǺǵĺͷŵź˵
ŵһ˿Ҳ¶˿Цݣš
ǱҲкŴӵĴʦ㣬΢ЦĺͷŵĴʦ㺮ѿţزһĿⶢ΢٣ɫɺͷŵĴʦ˵ŻĿȴǲɫԱǵĿ⴫ķȥ
ǵĿ˵ʱɫʱһ㵡
վڷһϮ׵ɫߵ۵üĿ޵ŮޣĿһգգĿ
ճŮ޻΢΢˴һ˲Ц绨


ϳǵǸѪϾŮޡ
û뵽ʱô꣬Ȼټ
ȥƺúܲӣüĿƽͣƺûж̫ĸӰ졣
̫ˣտҲ˴ǣһ΢Ц
Ȼ㿴ǸŮ۾ʱһϱӾϲˣɬһЦЦˮá
Ӵ귨֮հ˿ŵ˵ŴɶˣǷҲýһ
ɽ˵Ц˵һ

ɻɵȫˣ
ɽĿǰ۾һ˵ˣ
ԣ̧ͷȥֻǰƿϣһ͸ֺΡ롢ɾɵľرֻɫѩǰУϹڣ׳
ʶĻ硭
²ɵһԺֳ︡һ˼Ĳ²⣬ܰɡ
ɣ
վԵɽЦ˵ǽͣ
ա
ǰ
һ֮ɫð֮󣬲˵Ǵ𣿡
ǰɽһڵɫϲ˵ǰϯᣬ˵ɽҲ۷ͣ
ա
⻰
ıǰһ͸ϾıݴӾر£һϮѩºڷüĿ䡢տɫ˪΢֮ӱ߳űݻ£ȹüĿ̺һٵİ޳ĸ
վɽŵĿ⿴ǰԱµ΢֮ϤĮӣ۵׸ֵȴһŸһ籱ĶѩҲǰǿ᲻ɴݣģģĬģҲº͵ġ
ЦЦıǡ
һֺóա
յʱһ㱣ԭΪѾǣЩĪļ䣬ȴǳ걻˱У
վ㱳ʱ򣬻±ݵ΢̧֮ԶԶע
ǱעŵǸˣȴͷβûиһ
΢֮ջĿ΢΢ʹµĶ΢ӿ˼֣ӱ
չɽŶʱЦǺӭȥչǰԡ
΢֮һۣɫһͱ䣬Ϊ
վ̺ʱ˵ſˡ
ɽҲ֪΢֮ǸʲôӣҲıĮȻЦǺǵĽ̺Ļ˵չǰʵң
΢֮̺ɽ˰㣬η
ɽ̵ֻ˵˼䣬ס˻ͷȻ΢֮˵չԶһ·֮࣬ѱãɡ
ǽģֻ֮ԼԼ˲μһɽɾٰᣬɽֻܳй⣬·硣
ҲԵʮ㣬д
ɽԾã൱ʮгˣչһܸܵѺõģ
΢ֻ֮ĿĿһۣδ˵Ҳվδ
ˡ
ɽŵЦݶʱЩ̣Ӷǣ
Ŀ⿴ǰ΢֮ͼûбϿ뷨Ȼʧܡ

΢̺֮״ʱڵǹϲϲһȺ˸ţɣͷŴǺȺȥá
ڹ̺װģĳƬ̣Ȼתͷվɽ˵ͷˡ
ͻȻ㵽ա
תͷǰ΢֮
ߣ΢̧֮ڱһۣȻ󿪿˵á
ա
ã
ȻӦ˰
һԵɽҲЩ£ǰɫ΢֮Ц̵̺䣬³ɵԭҲʹֻкչһʣ˶ոд
ôͻȻͷתˣ

ɽ¾Щ֣ﲻԣҲûϸ룬΢֮Ӧ˵ãǾͺðɡ
ǣתͷЦǱȥдչ
˽°д΢֮ƧֹŹ֣βΪСģҲģ˾ǿ麮治˶ѩҸڸǡ
ա
ܾܾ
ɽŶһҿ㣬ʦֶ
ա
ãܾˡ
ţǱ߰ɡ̺ɽЦ˵
ɽų£ȻǱ롣
Ȼ̺ȺĵӺƺƵȥˣһɽǰյ
ֻʣպ΢֮ˡ
һ紵ͻȻое䣬оԼŶ˸ð˰ɡ
Ȼʿǲðġ
лҪ˵Ψ²ҵĹҵ˷ܣ
칤ʦ
ɽ
΢֮
ҶҴŲӵɡ


132 
ټɽǰֻպջ֮ˡ
տǰɫĵջ֮, , ˵߰ɣչ
ԣջ֮һ, Ӧš
ձǰȥɽɸ齵Ķѩһ·, ˭û˵
ջ֮Į˵, ռһ, ڶû˵仰աǲ֪˵ʲôǱ, ĮƧԴ, 붼ܹ, ҵϹһ˼įһ·, εĺ, Ϣ

ȴ֪˵, ˵, ֱ޷ܺõ
ǣ˾˭û˵Եһ·, ֱִﶬѩ
ѩ޽ɽɵ, ľ£ֲһƬĺ÷֣ÿѩʱ򣬺÷ֱʢŭšʱ, ѩ÷ȻϮˡ
񲢷Ƕգѩ֮ʱƬ÷ֹͺͺĲÿɽ֮԰ջ֮סѩΪɽƧһ
ȻƧ֮ȻҲԶģմãԽ˼ԽԽ٣ɽɵĵҲԽԶ
ջ̧֮ʵסںδ
û뵽ʣϲɵظ죬ȻֳһԶһɽָָ˵Ƕ֮ء
˳ָķ˿ջ֮ңԶɽ壬ü
ջʲôû˵
ΪλͻȻ˵ֻһδ˵ʲôҲûзϣЦ˵ѩѩʱɽĵط
룬Ȼ̧ǰջ֮´ǣ˵չأ

ջ֮ϵЦݣ֮ʵϲѩ𣿡
ͦϲġ˵ΪѩӺ٣Ҳ
Ҳ䡣ջ֮˵
ΪԲѩѩ֮ⱦ֮ϲĻҲһͬϲأղΪ˵˭ѩʱûѩѹѩˣѩأ
ջ֮ԣڵһֱ
չԶұ㲻徲ˡ˵˼͵Ҳóˡ
ûдšջ֮˵
ա
аɣĸĿڵһ·ˣչϢɡ
ջ֮Ŀⶢ˵
ŵգ⼸˼
֮ջ֮üмɬĿ˵ҪҪȱ裿
ա
ƽһ˽ݺȲջ֮üͷǱʲôһ㣬信״θڳɵɫգ˵ߣ
ա
ĳǵһˣ׾ۡ
ԭҪܾģջ֮ദǿ㱿׾ȴŬջ֮ԭܾĻʱ˵ˡ
룬һηγȥ˰ɣջ֮
ԣһʱ޷ܾˡ
һγȥˣ˹ͨദͱܾ᲻ܴӴԱղٽˣտǰشջ֮ɵ뵽
뷨һԼסˣɵþÿЦҪҪЩ΢С
շһܲ飬Ϊջ֮Եʣʱǻ᲻ɵشǰһ˵ϰߡ
ʦģĶˡ
ھϹˡ
ΪʲôԸջ֮ԭ̾˿Ȼ˵
ջ֮űѩ쿡¶ǳЦݣռǸˡ
µգȴδĨЦݡ
˶ѩ
ڴ͵ڣնڲ輸ԣǰмֻȴĵȷȷջ֮ϱ΢ЩȣԭĻ谡
Ϊջ֮ȸ֮߸ϲʳ˼̻ѹͲЩ¡оеĿ࿴أ°ʡǰǲǶջ̫֮Ƭǳ֪ˡ
ջ֮һ裬ִǰĲ˱裬Ȼ²Ŀ⿴ʵΣ

տǰעشջ֮³ɣǴô￴˼ڴ
ӦǴɡ
ͦáտ˵˾䡣
ʵеˣЩɬ
ջ֮ԣһ㣬ѩ쿡ɫҲɻ˼֣ϲá
Ȼִ˲յĲˡ

аɣֻöĲ豭˼˼һڡ
Ȼջֶ֮ˡ
ա
Σûٺˡ
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ûټȲ裬ջ֮һʧ֮ɫǺܿıбѩ֮С
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ջ֮Ŀ⿴ʵ´ʲôʱ򣿡
ա
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ⲻǿ׻ͺˣ˽ģ
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ʲôʱп˰ɡֻ˵
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ձͻջֽ֮ͳȥˡ
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Ǳ׾űձƵ֣
ձԼ¡
չֹ͵ɡǰջ֮˵
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ǡ
Ȼձתˡ
֪ջ֮һֱվԭûĿ뿪ȻͬרעĿ⣬Ժӡ

ʮɣʮһɽɡ
ȥδĵǰɽɲεᣬ𾪣ྪʮɣаɽɡ
֪ǰģҲֻŵŸ߲㣬ͨӶǲ֪ġ
˷Ϊʱ˸ɵҹעͲ²⣬ôϯ
ְѲǷʲô飿
ҾбвΪ֪飡
ǲϻ⻹Ҫ˵û飬뿪ô᲻Զɽɣ
֪ľ鵽ʲô


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֮󣬲ôһСˣĲ²᲻֮ǰ˻йأ

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²˴󵨵ļҲΪ׷ĳӣԲһ磬ĳɽˡ
ܣ
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Ҳǣǲ̫ܡ²Լˡ
ա
ĵһ졣
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¡
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ڵȫӦ顣տһһ˵̵Ĵ֪Լ
Լ˵
˿̧ǰգ˳ǣ¶ЦݣӦţ֪ˣʦ㡣
뿪ˣüĿǳɢȥοͣԵġ
²ıǺһ飬Ϊ֣
ա
źеϵ
ղܳϣܾϣ
ԣҲһɻɫ˵ǰΪʲôͻȻأ
˭֪ء
˵Ҳδɣֻ˾䣬֡
δټˡ
ˣˡתע˵ҵ£һȥš
һߡ˵
ԣͷӦá
ţպͻһǰȥٰǹ㳡
δߵǹ㳡ԶԶر㿴ǰѾվĸɵĵӡ
Ǿۼǣ˶ĿɻĶǰǹ㳡˽
ۡĿⶢǰϿգʲô
̧ͷȥֻǰǹ㳡Ͽϣĸ򣬸һ޴ĳεˮĻ
ա
Բۣ
ǡ
ǿźϤĴĻĪǣ
ֱ
СīȻĸֱˣ
Ҳˡ


133 
ǹ㳡Ͽնĸλľ޴󳤷ˮĻ, ȥŹּ, ȫ֪ʲô
ī⼸ŪõĶɻ˵źŹ֡
Сֹһ, ʱҲû
ŹŹֵֹˮĻʶһһǲͬģıĲֻ, ΧˡҲľż, һȫšǰ䡱ȥж
, һ˿ĽҲȫȻɢȥ
תͷ𾪱һѾǰϿĴˮĻգϲɵ¶΢Ц, ðʦ, Ľʵ̫ˡ
, Ȼջ˼ǰ, ֿĴŹֵˮĻ, ˵ǿȥ龧ĥģֲ, ô龧𣿡
龧ˮʯճġո͵
ʱʾ, ǴֲڼԵ龧ĥɹ⻬龵ʾġȱ, С, ȺͷֱҲޣû׷ˮ⻬ӯʸС
շʡ£ԼҪ̫, ֹҪˮʾҪķǿ˾߶ȴʾ
Ҳ̫ˣ
һƼΪɽ磬վԼ̫Ϊˣ칤ʦʾͺܺˣǧﴫѾˣˣҪ֪㣬̰ġ
ǧﴫֻ
վֻһ㶼ɣԸȡ˸ĸߴ֡
ҲǺˡ
ֻƵ칤ʦ⻰ʱüͷ԰׿ɫֳɫյⷬһ󾫡׷ĸʦԣرλʦڣӡ
ǿһϲĲеգ칤ʦֻüʲôδ˵ֺαȥˡ»ǽշ˵ˣˡ
Եȵһ죬յīֻƽԣ˶ˡ
μƷϺִֻƽ޲𣬴޽ǧﴫҪӸ߶˴ݻԹ󣬱Ͼ۲ƣʵʵð龧ͱʯġ
յ¿ֻ칤ʦôģ
εʾʯĥɾʵ
š칤ʦ䵭ӦһȻ԰׿ɫ˿Цݣ۾ĿҲżȸԾ龧ˮʯͼʯһ𣬷ᴿγˮһ͸ʵҺ塣
ЩҺ徭֮ȴ֮Ҫˮ⻬ӯʸеˮĻȸԾСҲƿء
ڳγˮעգ𣬲԰׿Ц㲻ҪƽҸˣ㿴ǷҪġ

ձĻˣû뵽ȻȻزֻΪ֮ԣһֱţ⣬֮
֮ǰֻƽʲôġҲֻѣ
Сīʵңɼ룡
նʱжԸӣȲӿϵƵ칤ʦѿڶСīҪһӵѣ
õѣû֮һն˵
칤ʦĻʱһ㶣û뵽ͻȻ˵һ㣬ܿع䴽ǣ˵ð
ˮĻϵգҪᱡĻңԶ֮صˣ˵Щ޷룬ʵְɡ칤ʦ΢΢һЦ˵᲻Щ

գѾж˵ˡ

Ȼ˵СīǼһȷ˵Ļû̶ֳǲ̫Щ
վǹ㳡ǰĿңǰϿĿ޴ˮĻ°ֱˣҪıɽַʽ
վԵĻһڵĴŹֵˮĻıʣ˵ʦ㣬֪ģ
˵ġջ˸ת˵ܲ˵˸˵İɡ
ĵĸˣܾд¡Ҳεĸı䣬īֹֺʦѲ˸ϵ³£Ȼ̽Եʦ㣬֪֪ŹֵǸôõģ
ԣտһۣϵҲ֪
Ҫ˵֪ǲͽͲˣ
ԣǲ֪
¡
ȷˣʦ֪
ⷴӦҲ̫ˣ
Ŷ
Ŷû˵ʲôĵ׷˿ȻҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪ
룬Ҳʲô˵飿
ԵΪʲôҪôأ
ֵֹġ
ʦ㡣Ŀ⿴ǰ˵Ǳߺڷʲô
˳Ļȥֻǰǹ㳡ǰվīĵڸɵĵӷšֻ
ĿⶢīŵķŸɵӵĶǲֻ
ա
Сīʲô
վƺ֪칤ʦҪʲôƺֲ֪ҪҲĸΪ򵥡
ʦ㣬ǹȥ˵
š
˵Ҳ֪īʲô
߽ˣīĵں͸ɵӽֻôãǧﴫī칤ʦµΰ
īĵޱȳ羴ǧﴫǧ֮ˣӵ˳ǧۣ
ֹˣȤĹãϸ뿴˵顣ī˵
ա
Сī˵鶼Ū˰ǵܵ
ôֻҪȥɣⲿǧﴫˣֻΪáīĵĽÿ˵ǲһģǵ֤ÿֻǧﴫͨʶݣȻΪá
ա
ղ˵ֻ˰ɣ
㶪ʧ˱͵Ҳûϵ֮޷ʹáī˵û˵ΪͨʹЯǧﴫʱʱλλãƹǧﴫĳڣܾȲˡ
ա
¶⵹ǸĹܣֻǿ
һԵĻЩֻô۽磬˵Ͼ֮칤ʦȻ컯Ƿ
ա
ع
Ȼī칤ʦʮֺ棬ҪӵУǰȥѯһλīӣ˵ô
ԣλīӶʱЦˣѣĿǰǲ
ʵ
ǰΪī칤ʦµǰδеĸ¡Ϊ޽ܹ˽ǧﴫãī޳ṩⲿǧﴫλʹáī˵
Ծˣīô󷽣˴ֱʵ
һ¡īֲ
¡
Ŷֻһ°
϶ʱһʧɫҪȫѷţīûѶȡʹһҲԭֻǶⲿδȥǧﴫеĻ£汻£оҪʹÿƺȤӣ
īӿϵɫЦݸˣʹõĺãҪȫӵֻҪһʯһˡ
һʯԶʱˣһʯ࣬Ҳˡ
ֻһǧﴫֵûô
īЦݲ䣬˵ΪĿǰī޽ƹǧﴫһʯǿģֻյ˹ѶѣϾЩɻ˲ܰһҪǵǵĸʱ䡣
һǧﴫĶɱԶһʯΪ޽ƹһʱˣ㲻ۡīЦϾҲ
һǶԻգˡ
⡢⡭
Ⱥīĵħɣ
˭ôŵӪ
·
ղ֪īɽǮ֮һһҩȣų޽׸֮λ
ҩҩ¸īǷ
Ϊ޽ҲǿȨţīӵиɽе̣ǵɽÿһطҲͬӵľӪŹš
ī̷
ѹ칤ʦܹôǮ㷢
һīӶǿڲżرģŻһ³ɫΪЦЦ˵ⶼǺ󻰣һȥȳʹ£ϲ
֮ҲǣҲҪǮʹһ£¶ǧﴫĲУ˵ãȸһ
ԣλīЦݸʵϲĸɫأ
ֻǰĳϰڷųϸɫֻЩöһģֻɫһѡϲıɡ
İɡ¿һЩǧﴫ£˵
ʵϵĺ̵Ҳ⡭еĶ붼Ҫ¸о˿˿
ڵĻδһѪУǾ̼㻨ǮͿǮİ취
վĿһӵīļ·ûʦһʯסˣ
˭ܱסأ
˭ӵһԴ绰ƵԷϢԿƵֱֻأ
ֻֻѣƽԣ²ɵظɽĹĬĬ˸򣬻ǮĵطֻԽԽ࡭
˲ʹõֻ֮˵ʦҪҪҲȥһ
Լռͺŵֻԥ£Ȼ˵Ҳá
ȻҲǰȥλīǰ˵Ҳһ
λī̧ͷĿ⿴ȻɫȻ仯ܾͰͽеˣ
仰һʱΧ鰲ƹⲿī칤ʦ·ǧﴫīǣ׷ֹͣжˢˢתͷգĿƶ
ա

Ⱥīô£ֵֹġ
ģģǻˣ
մī¼еǰϹŹֵɫ˼Լߵͬǣֵ㣡ѳסˣ
յѵͬǺеīǣװµջĿ⣬δ飬Ƕȴˣ͵պλīӵĶԻ
ˣλīĶǰ˵
˾ͺˡճ˵Ҳ
õģˣλīһӦȻĿп칤ʦ𣿡
ա
ΪɶҪ
ҪңҲҰɡ
СīǹƧϲļһԲֳֵĻﰡһξȺīĵӵǹŹ֡
ǡ˵
Ŷ
ǰλīĻ֮󣬶ʱʧϵɶȥ
ֹΧ͵īҲȫˣһʧ
ա
˵ǵʧʲô
λīڶݵʧִ֮˾񣬿ʵǣ
ҿһǧﴫ𣿡˵Լ
ԣУīӶȻܾ
ա
˵õ˶
īô£
Դ


134 ᣨ壩
Ǳ
Ŀ⿴ǰλī, ϱ΢뵽
վǰīӼԱɫ, æ˵ᣡ
ôƽ˵
ǲǹܾ, ԭģλī͵, ˶īᣬɲ
ɫƽ, 侲ʵʲôԭ򣿡
λīӱɵĿСʵ칤ʦû˵𣿡
˵ʲôշʵ
λīӡ
û˵ˣʦва
͵ī඼̾, ʦ㲻а
⸱ӣȺڳīӾ֪ԼʦĶûͳȥȻǲһʦ, λīֻӲͷƤ˵˲ȥʦ
ôǲ˵տʵ
˱㲻ҪΪˡλīɫͰ˵ʦĹϵʦ˭, Ҳ
ī¶֪Լʦ߲ݸŪ޴嫵Ĺ, ΪǰλˡīµӶ˵ԼʦǴֱʣ˻Ļỹʦᡣīĵٽѵµе˵Ƕĳ, ҪΪ粻ϲŮ޶Ҫ󣬱˱ȥʦ, ˴, Ҫʦ, ˭Ҳʦǰ޹˺ߣǺʦǰˣ
˵īĵǸвɣϾʦҲʦ
ղ֪飬֪ԼѾīܻӭˣҪīһ飬ϲݵ˵һλ˭տ϶ȫƱѡ
ĸ칤ʦŻī²õҲͬĸīĵǲл칤ʦѧϰ
û칤ʦɻǸĮƧĹ°ʦƣС
īеθлգıʦʦΪı硣
ҪҴȥʦλīӺһ˵ôôأʦУҵȵӿ
뵽λīͼǼΪе칤ʦеĶǰ˵ˣҸ·
ա
ͻĹ飬ī˹ȻܹŹ֡
ˡվܾ
ܾ˵īӶʱʧ֮ɫǲʵ˲Ҫ°ǧﴫʦǿ϶УҴȥ
ʵҲرҪվܾͲȥͷˡ
ô˵ͷأλīԶʱͲͬˣдʵ˵ͷôͷأ
ա
ҵͷôͲͷˣ
չŹֹĿĿ⣬λī˼£˵ҵ˼˺˲һʦȻǺϲҲȥġ
ա
λīĵӻͦ˵
ջǼᶨܾûʲôͲȥˣȻҲ죬Ǳˣæɡ
˵뿪
ʵڻī²ɵش̾һʦӶԲסûΪˡ
ǲĵĶ˵ʦǱߡ
ֳһ߷ָָҪѰʦĻȥǱ
ա
йִŵİ
ȻѽλīĪִź̬ȣǿ˵ģ֪ˡ
ȻתŻ뿪ˣ߰ɣʦá
վԱĿĶλīĽ̸Ļԣȥ
뿪Զ֮ղ˿īȺӹŹŹֹֹڵ̬емϢ
ԵĻҲ̲סʵʦ㣬ƺīӵĻӭ
𣿡˵
а
¿·еȺ߰īʦǰ޹кƵ̬ȣֱǣͲûˡ
ʦ칤ʦ𣿡˰컹ûһʵīλʦ֮ϵĴʣϵıЩѽ⣬ʦ칤λʦδҲ̫ˣ˵ر˸Ӵһȥ˵ôһȥģ
ԣҲ˵ͦġ
¿죬׻ûʳ֮ô仰
ܸое֣
Ҳ̫˰ɣʦλīʦȺīĵӶ̫˰ɣ
ʦáպضס˽ŲĿ⿴ǰԵĻ˵ȥᱨɡ
أʵ
Ŀ⿴ǰЦЦ˵һе飬ȥҵȻȥ㡣
¸ʲô飬˳յĿ⿴ȥ࿴ǰһϮɫ尵Ƶ۵īλʦסˡ
ˣˡ
õģʦ㣬ˡʶȤ뿪ˡ
뿪֮ռӿ˼ֽŲǰӭ칤ʦȥСīЦеĽе
칤ʦ԰׿¶ĨЦ⣬ա
ôտЦʵæ𣿡
칤ʦΪīߵˣӦɵźѿףȻһϯϯλأôп
ţæ칤ʦ˵£ʦڡ
ա
ʦܿࡣ
ĿЦеĿ˵
칤ʦվǰ첻Ҳ˵ֻǿÿüĿ΢΢Ǳʲôһ㡣
յ˰ҲûųƨֻûʲôҪ˵𣿡

칤ʦĿ⿴ſڣð֮˵жҪ㡣
Ŷ£еСڴȴԣʵʲô
Ȼ칤ʦ̵Ĵȡһ͵ǰ
Ŀ⿴ȥʱ۾һÿɰ
칤ʦóһµֻƴ󣬵εֻǷתģ泯ϣֻϺȻһһֱ̬ıɫеĺڰèİ׵ֻǡ
Ǹҵ𣿡̧ͷĿ˵
š칤ʦ⸱ϲӣ˿԰׿Ҳ¶Ц⡣
ллִнӹ˵Һϲ
ʳ޺ÿɰ㻭𣿡ĿЦеĿ˵
š칤ʦѵõ¶һ˿ȣĲǺܺá
Ϊó칤ʦȴССʳ޸ѵˣζ⣬òɰݵĲһƵΣջ⸱ʳޱͼ
ᰡܿɰպԼĿ佱̬䣬һɰ
칤ʦʱ΢죬Ȼ΢΢ȥǰµĻϲ򴽣ڿġ
ͬʱһɻ̧͵͵һǰСŵǸֻϻŵԲֺĺڰʳޣ룬ˣ
ȴδľᣬ²ʵεֻʲô¹𣿡
˽ϰߺ칤ʦֻϾǧﴫʲôģ̫ˡ
칤ʦ˵ͷ˵еġ


135 ᣨ
ʱ, ĿĿǰ칤ʦ, ʵŶ
칤ʦԼ˵Կֱ@޺ģڡ
ա
Ȼ²⣬ǵĴֱ, ջǲⱻһ
Ȼ, 칤ʦ˵ֻĹ;Ṳʮ̨ѡҪ̨ͨʶ, ѿ罻ԸԼϲõĲѡͶʯЩʯᱻīȡһΪɱ, ʣһ뷢ŸͶʯʿ
ա
ⲻֱƵѡ񡢵Ļ
ôʱֵ
ˣʼʡԼǵʱһʱ²ȤһСīһֱĻ͵û뵽ȻŪˣ
ҾȻʦͨѧ˳ɣ
Ŀ⿴, ֮˵Ӷǰƻ飿
˵֮󡣡ղ԰׿΢΢һЦ㲻Ǿ𣿡
˵𣿡շʡԼ
칤ʦ˵˵
յԭǣѽ, ҪֱĻź, ʱ϶ֻ֣ǸɵӴȥ̫þˡ
ա
գ鸴ӵĿǰ칤ʦ˵лл, Һܸˡ
ֱĻһȤ
Ѿܹ뵽ǸĻ˺Ƶֳˡ
ʲôʱɹŪ˻տʵֱǰǵлƽ̨
źĺ칤ʦʱ, ȫû뵽һȻĻŪ
칤ʦ˵, ÿʿǲһ, ֻһһս򣬽֯ɾ޴嫵ʿͨ໥ͨʹƷ
ȥоʹе񣿡ճ˵
԰һ޴Ŀռ䴫ֻǴ͵ǵʶ塣칤ʦ˵
ա
̫ˣֺû֮ȹΪ
ð֮ſǰ칤ʦ̾˵һǸѸӺƴḶ́ˡ
뵽ǰΪһ仰Ŀһͷ˺ӴĹͷѧоüȸжֲεºˡ
칤ʦĿ⿴˴ǣ˵࣬Ȥ
Ӧøл㡣ǰգɫ˵˴Ȥ


칤ʦͺֻ͸ֻѣֻ֮ˡ
ֻһվԭأɫ΢ЩĿеèֻǵ¿ֻ֮´ȻָͷųֻУⲿֻ
ڵĻʱһĻϻȻ׹䣬ǡ
յ۾ʱֻĻ׹Уīɫһҹϵ׺ӣǿ·ľ׺
Ǹǳͼеİ칤ʦ
֮ɫӵĽⲿֻպãŵǣСīȻȥǸǺӴͼΪˣҪһլԶʮֲװɡ

еСжء
жĴе࣬ˡ
칤ʦֿ֮նǰȥıᵥ̨ı
ᵥ̨Ϊ𵤺ԪӤ£ÿ¸ĸ̨ͬʱС
Ҫǽ𵤵̨
ʱ򣬴ҶμͻѾȵˣԶԶͿˡ
ճ˹ȥʦ֡ŴҶе
ʦáҶĿ⿴üȻ˵˴һīֱֳÿһӵīǧﴫʿԿͨĿʢ
֪ˣֻӦʾ֪
һԵĻԾʵ޽жʿӵīǧﴫ
²١شμ棬˵īһǰ鲼޽еѸʿṩ³ǧﴫֻʹһ£һºҪ黹ǲ뻹Ҫһʯ¡
Ϊһ£ʵе벻ס
ش㡣ճ˵Ϊպᵥ̨һ졣
ѿһֱֵʱ뿴֣УǮ
;ͱ뿴ˡ
¡
һԵμ̾˵ī
仰øĳǲǼ̲Ŷԡ
ˣҶò˵˴θĶҲ֪кӰ죬൱Ϊ
ʲôӰ죿ʵǶ˸Ļ˸˿ѣ֮ҲʲôͬƺûʲôӰ죿
ھǲⱻ˿ǵӢˣ˵˻Ըˣ޽ĿʲôǱ
ҶֻѵĿ£в̤Ƿ顣
οûܹ֪īġֱֵزֻ̨Ļǻãǡ
뵽ҶüĿɴδ̫ƽǵµİӿ԰̨ϵֱӡ
ЩˣҶ뵽⿴ƶӰ޹صġֱصһЩ
ͻһ
ʶֱȷѪȻ֪Ҷĵģ˵ʦ˵öԣͷǻԴǽΪҪ˿Ƿǡ
޷Ƽֱɽεȵķ˼磬̲סڴ
Ȼɻ¶ԣǱҶնϴʶҲģ˵ţһעġ
ˣ˵˵Ƕ𣿡
Ҷ˵ţѾˡ
Ҳ˵ͷţˡ
ֻμ˵Ҳδ˴ȡ
ԣתͷʵΪΣ
μЦЦ˵Ҳͬǣɱɱʺҡ
ա
һ˵ɱɱʺ㣿
նʱĿ⻳ɵĿһϹ˵
ңʦáμĿ⣬ЦЦ˵Ŀɶ滰
ȥˡ˵ֻҪΪʱɡ
⻰˵պʹҶһͬü
Ҷ˵ûҪ
ûίμĿ⿴Ц˵ԼԸϲ㲻Ϊִϵĵӡ
ҵѡ񡣡˵
ÿ˵ĵһҵĵμĿ̹Ȼγ˵๣Ҷʼռֹ᳹ҵĵ
պʹҶԽԳĬ
֮տп˵û뵽ʦ˳ߣǰС㡣
μȤ˵Ŷǰοҵģ
㡣
֪һֱǸϵļ̣
ڿǼҲǸԭмֵļ̡
Ƕתƻ˵һδأҵһᣬȥ
Ȼȥ˽̨ı
λɽɵʦֿЦˣʦãĿ
Ϊ㲻ˡȤϵİɡ
ʱ籨ˣһ
ĴȤ治ɫ˵Ͳ˰ɣʦ֣ûһ仰𣿡
ôʦֺʵ
ǳģһʮ˵
ɽʦ֡
һʵ˵ģʦãƤҲΪĽǰ
Ҫģ
ǰɡһ˵ţһ߽дȥ
ʦ֣ͷʦҲʲôһ㣬˵
ɽʦ֡
̧ͷĿ⿴˵ҪԼǰ
Ŷû£ء˵
أɽʦĿ⳯ܿ˿λʦû˰
Ⱑ˵ôһˣʦôûأ
һ˵ţһ߽Ĵռȡŵԣ
ɽʦ֡
һڶңı顣
ɽʦˣŵı鿴ǰˡˡɧգʧȥ
ð֮ų˵ʦã𣿡
ȻѲɻ٣˵
ֻǸżɽʦ˵
Զʱͬˣʦ֣㲻Ĵƫ˰żôˣżͲܲ𣿡
ʦҲʦ׿ڳϵɽɵӰҪأһ׼õĵ˳ǰϣʵ˵¼ɵӣʦôӾܾأ
ɽʦ֡
ʲô
żеƣ
ЩǧټҪɽɶõѡǧǧʿԿ
룬ǻǸˣ
ż硣
տһȻȴǲɿڵı飬˵ʦ㣬涨˲׼μӣ
ޡɽʦ˵
Ǿˣ˵дʣȻûй涨ûзԣǾ
ĻʦΪҪְܾƫӣոñӵʦɲŶǱ˾ٱ¡
ɽʦ֡
ԣʱĿһѾвɣ
գλɽʦֻǱ鸴ӵͨı¼ֹסĵĺ˵ô
˸ӣ˵֪ʦ㵽ʱۿ
ҲҪֵûȥɽʦԥ˵
ûϵ˵ⲻֱ𣿡
͸ʱĸ˵īֱʦ˽£
ɽʦ֡
һʵīԵף
ʱʦֵҲͨīǧﴫۿ̨˵ǵҪҺʦܵƵŶ
Լ
ɽʦԣӦãû⡣
ǡīǧﴫͶʯ͹˽£˵ʦǾʦܴ򶷾ʣ࣬ͷ¡
ûԼϾҲҪӵ
첻ǵԼ
ɽʦ֡
ʦãô£
յĺ޳̬ܺȸˣ㲻״ѵȱôʯ
Ϊ⼸ʯǰ;׿Խ״Ӳϧ棬ΪԼҪͣǺεȡεȵİƾ񰡣
գΪǲֱУѵԶ
Ҫڻ𲽣ֱճδӵôྺ֣󻷾ɵʱ򣬸ϽԼһ۴˿ڵԭʼʱ۰
˭ѵʯ


136 ᣨߣ
λɽʦ־ͷ·Աʵ, ΪԾֻܾôӦ, Уʦ, һġ@޺ģڡ
Ǽʯǳġ
Це˵ǾͶлʦ, ʦϲҲƼʦʦʦʦŶ, ֲ
áɽʦִӦ
ոԼ˳ҲСű֮뿪ˣתŴҶμ桢һȥ޳ͦտĮޱĸ
¿߻, Ŀֿŵ죬ɵ۾ɴˣʦ, òᡭ
òôߵǰЦʵ
òʦҲ˰ɣ¿Ÿ죬۾Բʵ
ոһ, ԰
¡
ҲУ
ĿŵĿŵǸ˵, ĵܳɹ
𾪺ţԱߵμ浹ǿ޵ʦǶӮˣǿݽ
ıǽ, ҽܷ
Զʱͬ˵ʦô˵ģʦܵĶȻģ᣿̫ˣ
μ档
ⷬʱһı, յı鲻α, ð֮, ˵ģ
Ȼ˵Ŀ⿴μ棬ɫ˵ʦʦܣϣһ
μ档
ǻ
֪ʲô
μ޷ҪʲôҲ޷뷨ǽĻ˶˵ˡ
һԵĻǶ˵ĶԻҲ֤˵ҡҲʦһʦֵġ
ֻвµ˼ĴҶͷ˵ͷˡ
ģ̇ͷĿ⿴Це֤зִģʦ־Ͳõ
ʦִȼͰһõһ˫˫ӣ˫ӣ˫Ŀ֣۾ĿǰҶӵҰͼȻ֡
Ҷ֪ҰģҲͱˣλʦôƽС׷ϽεᣬõĻ̨ӥա
šҶ˴Цʦ׳־ʦи
ǰ׷ǰº˵
ЦҲʦ־õȵġ
Ϊ𵤺ԪӤı̨ͬһաҶͻ˷ֿǰǵȥûбμˡ
ʦ֡Ŀ΢ȵĿ˵Ϊѡʦ֡
Ƚ˼μ˵ʦˣ붼õʲôʦͲһˡ
ǰգ¶Цݣ˵ʲôпܣԸд
ա
ʲôʲôпܣ
һֲ´Ψ²ҵı飬ǻᱻ˴֪
ִҪаɡ˵Ҫ͸ɡ
μͷ
ȵ˽̨Ѿǵļſһͬǰպμ棬ʱʦֹϵǰˣ
һɡ˵ûرá
ԶʱĿ⻳ɵĿ棿
ǰѵƭ㲻ɣշʵ
Ҳǣ׻һ䣬Ȼ徲ô๴Ķǵ飬㵽׻⣬ĵ㡣
ӵݣ̫ܱ֮ˡ
ֲɵ˵ǰǷǣҲ·̫ͷ
ʦ֣ʵʦȻΪףмԭֵεġ
μڵԵ̫ãΪ̫һΪ˴Ȩûˣǲ̫˻ӭġܶ˻ᣬѪ顣
ȴⲢûʲôõģǧ棬㲻Ҫÿ˶ͬһģομЩȱ㻻ǶȶԣȴֵΡ
ΪֻȨףƫУǸܺõĹߡ
ǵĽѪϻҪǵˡ
μԸҲִģ˵ÿŵĹ߶ġ
ҵȷš˵μȻڵ²֮Ա̫ãȺ״ӼȴԵܹ㣬ΪǸܿɿֵиεĶѣ㽲棬˽ֳڣΪҲɿɽɵȺ״ӣļѣѡ
֮£ʦ־Ͳ̫ССĶ˵Ҷʦһأرٻ¶ࡣ
ɷμǡ෴ɽ²ӼãüŵĻ˵ǹ߻װʹССģǵȵصʱȴһģˣʱƽ̴ʦֵݣûʵĳŴĴΪԸĲ
ɽЩ״ǣʱȻ֪Ǹʲôˣö֮ԸͬΪ飬Ǽ˵ǰ㣬رٻ̭
״ӣ˭ûƢ
ɷݸ߹˱˻ţ
ɷ翴ʵģ²֪֮ģȺ״ǻˣ̫
ʦЩԽˡ̾˵Ķ鶼Ⱥʲôˣûһõóֵġ
ϸɷĶ飬ԭŮ˪¡»һλͨʦ㣬ˮƽĽˡ
ʵˮƽǾˮƽɣɷݶԣʵ̫ˮˡ
ɽƽ̴ʦֵݡ
Ĳ˵ͿնˮƽҶǽǺӵͽšμ棬ִ״ӣȻԣ佣ΪҲǶģϾִΨһ״ӣ֮
£ǰȻȻϽǵʰǲģֻ˼ϣˡһһղϽӣ̤ʵؾ̥ǣҲ
ԼͲ˵ˣһڰռ޽ͷľˣԺյĶʦˡȥЩŲ˵ڰ¹Ժ֮ԶŻþУɱħй϶ħսնɱħӢˣܹλнһеĶ㡣
˿֣˿ŵ
ʶıܴյЩԶġ澭п̽Ϊ츳Ŀ¡
죬Сţġ
ڵľ֪ˣֻΪղˣԲŻ²տС
δ쿴ﵱɶ֡
ˣյ֧ǿĿ£ǴҶǽ˼ɵΪصĿ¶֡
֮£ɷĶû
ʵϣսյġ顱ǰᣬɷ˪¶ڵжɼһ㣬δжɾͣڵµؾ̽һˣȡԶʤжĳɼ
Ҳ˪µϮ֮·Ŀʼ
ĵܡǰؾ̽ϮģһΣǵĶڣɷ˪һֲá
˭ֻǴҶǲߣǳŵһģʱǫǫǲɵ
գҪڴ˴ĳϣ뿼һ

պͼСİ˼ɷ飬ȻµʦôĪҲμεĵ̨
ôܡ˵ȥǴģʦġ
̰˵һ̵֣վˣǸǿսĸԣء
ѵʦ˸飿ͻȻ뵽һ㣬ʵ
ԺЦ˵֪
ǲͬҵĽսȻҪԼҸɿܴĻ˵
Թ˵ôңʦþͱҺ
ԶʱЦˣ⸱ģЦˣֲ֧Ǳʦң˵ȥҪ޽ʿʡ
ա
ô
ſвΪȻɫ°ʦ֪Լ޽ܻӭʶ㡣
֪Ĵ˴ǰĸŵӣһԼλʦõԵãô֪ģ
ȻΪ˽¿һᣬû
ǩ˹̸պͼţɫ£Ȼʲôʲڣ̾СɵӰ𣬶˵ôվǩϽˡ
ᵥĽǻƣֺͳ˳ǳǩġ
ԣĿ⿴Ц˵ˣһ֣鵽˭˰
Ƴһۣ䵭˵㡣
̫ˡԼװһȻҪǵһͰܣҲ̫˵ˡ

Զʱܻûŭ˭ʤ˭һأ
շһ˵Ȼ˵аɣ˵ʲôʲô
޳⡣

Ȼ̸ˡ
˵գ͡ˡ
ˡ
һվŵļȫΧĿ̨ûʼѾȶλʦã׼ȷ˵ʦõʦãڣʦȫʦõĶأ
²̾ʦǲ֪ȡѵأÿζÿһζʦţ´λϸȥ˶һܴܴӣһʦþͺս
ռþգۿʱؾҪըס˿ڣת˵Ҹȥǩˡ
ұһ˵ȻŵĨͣˣˡ

һҪը̵ļţĿɿڴŸɴת˵գ쵰̫ˣ

ǩȫ֮󣬱ǵ̨ʽʼ
ǹ㳡м򱻻Ϊ𵤡ԪӤÿĸ̨
Χʮ̨һ޴ԲεĹϯмλϵţǸŵǵϯλ
λܹ·ʮ̨һ࣬ҰĹۿ
ŵŵǶϯ£ĿӵĿǰ̨ϿնĸλŵĿ޴ˮĻ˵īŪģ
칤ʦīЦǺ˵Ȼתͷ̵ĵӵ˵˾䡣
λīתȥƬ֮ۻأжһ˸ɫġֻľ䡣
ʦǧﴫ칤ʦ˵
ҩȵĹԶʱЦˣǧﴫŵǹŹֵĺܡ
īʹ˾ֻƹ㣬ɵĸ߲Ҳš
ʦ֣֮Ȼī˵ЩƷλ
ԴȤ˵ֻʹһ£ڹ黹
ҲǶīļƹš
īɫ㣬˵Ȼλģõģع黹
⵹Ǵ󷽣һǲòˡЦ
īӸɵš𡢽𡢳Ϻһ˷˸ֻ
ЩߣһĿŰеֻ
ջ֮һűѩĮȻӣȴһרעĶеֻüĿоʲôһ㡣
īŽ˾ֹУЦǧﴫܺܶ࣬ü򵥷㣬λֻҪԼ˽ʹá
ʦǧﴫλ⡣ī˵
ȻԵʼճĬһϮɫ尵Ƶ۵ɫ䵭칤ʦڵǿֻ÷ص㽲ֱƵѡ񡢴͹ܡ
һȺɵߣһһ¶ı飬жɬĲֻ
鵽°볡ǩʱûбҪ̨ǰѰǺӵգʱ򿴼ôһ
ʱ͡
·һȺѧֻĴͳ档
ۡ
̲סŤͷȥ̿
̫Ц˰
ֱ档
Цüרעĸ칤ʦĽֻջ֮ʱһסãһķ·𱻶סһ㡣
֮µ֣һĮȻɫĽеֻŻС
װʲô鶼ûз
һߵİ¹ԺɽȤ˵⵹ȤⶫСõǺֱܴܶ࣬ɿá
ȥ³ֻȤˣһ²Ĳֻɫ˼
ա
̫ϤˣҪµģ
鸴Ӽˣ칤ʦֻʱ𾪸ԣû뵽һܹȺ޽Ĵǣѧֻ
ܸо
ƺһȲ˵Ĵţ硣
ǰǺֿ죬ܿľŪֻЩܺãԼʹãϻˡ
Ժܿͣ˶ϾֱĿǰδʽֻĿǰûʲôģ
Ǻ̧ͷĿ⿴ǰգ˵գ
ձ㳯˹ȥ
λͷѧŲֻĸ඼ͣ¶̧ͷĿ⿴ȥȻЦǱòеĹСӣ
ռλߡǺкյԣ˵
ͶŸɵӼλߡ
ɵ߶ЦǺӦˣתͷǺ˵ǺӱҪϲˡ
ǺʱòУǫѷºͶգͳָʦķʡ¡
Ӵõͷʡ£
Ǻ˵ͽܣҡֺ跴ʡ
ޣ
ޣ
ޣ
ɵ߷׷һڣǺӣô꣬ΪδǣƤ٣ԽҪˡ
ǺЦһƤ񲻺Ҳ˵һϵģʾûС
ԣ߶ʱǺӣҾ˵޶˶˵Ľеɶԭţ
治Ҫ㶼ţôҪͽ֪𣿡
ա
֪


137 ᣨˣ
ղ֪, , мջҪʲôأοҪֲʦϧԼҲҪһݼ, ͽľԲܹʦ, ׷ѣ
վǺߣ¶΢Ц, λ̭ԼʦĻţûʱֻҪ΢Цͺá
ǵǸǲǺ˵, λҲͷˣⲻ˵ȥɡ



ŶʱԣǺ̫Ǹˣ
һ˵, ǻ˵ʲôǺͽܿ˳ͦϲģһݼҲ
ߣҩȵĹһǿͽܵ, ԲŸ, ˾ûйϵ
˵գȡһƿҩתָգ˸º͵, ݺ˵ƿ¶ȥǶ԰ɡ
˫ֽӹĵ¶Цݣл, л
¶ҩȵ֮һ, ֵ, ܹٵĲѪ飬֮һܵסһȴԮƣıҩ
ҩȹͷɵҲģ׷ͳ˼
һʱ䣬յյ
ЩڡīũʹŵŸرأоʱҵġ֮⣬¹ԺɽҲر˼һס
ɽһ΢ЦĿøһף˵ϴҽף㣬պ
ա
ô
͸Ŷ˭Ҫѧ壡
ԴӰ¹Ժ֮վͳ׵ĽţຣδЩ鼮һΣʲôססʫһζûٿЩˣ
û뵽ɽȻ
һ˲·ص˹ȥѧϰ֧Ŀ־壬ǰɽ΢Цӣоˡ
ǣ׻ǲҵģֻ롣
ֻЦ̣£лɽ
ɽЦеĿºֻͣҪѧϰͲ˷
ա
ǿֻ˷ˡ
ī칤ʦһԹУһԹУ㽫ܽʮڵ˶ԹڣֻƽԹܷŲܳȥ
ȥɡ䵭˵ͷ·ָСһһ㡣
ȴ֪һɶĽ編õúÿǿ˵ĺö
лʦʱЦеˣЦݱ𷽲ɽʱҪ϶ˡ
ԱߵɽĿⲻɵض࿴һۣЦݣϵɫҲζ˼֡
Ĺջ֮඼óһ̳СɾµΪ̧һ˫纮ѩǰգ·ݶ񡣡
ա
£Ŀ⿴ǰɫĿרעջ֮ԥˣȻֽӹлչ
ˣջ֮һȻ󵭵ջĿ⡣
ܵɵ߼״ɵ¾ȣû뵽λ䵭ĮҲǺӵ
֪ģƩ¹ԺɽĿǴżĿһۡ
սӹ麮ȴеĲһΪ񣬵ȴһ㶼䣬Ǵů⣬ͷ·õմȾ£ִͨܵ
ʶһ㣬ոоʱһ̣ȶֱյʹ΢´ȴ߬ס
һ֮
ȵĵ̨ʽʼˡ
ʮ̨λʿѾվ̨ϡ
Ȼԭǿհ׵Ŀһ޴̨ϿյĶĸλˮĻ
ţˮĻϸֳ·̨ʵ
̨飬ȫĸˮĻϡ
λ߼״ʱȤζ˵ֱ
㡣칤ʦҡͷ˵Ҵǧﴫ
ԣλ߶ˡֻȻǱ㿴ֻĻʮָСС飬ϸһÿһһ̨
һʮֱ̨ʮƵǿѡлͬƵֱ칤ʦ˵
ͬһʱ䡣
ɽˡֻĸɵӣдīˡֻʿǣͷĿֻĻʲô
ֱ
ĿԿ᳡棡
е˼


һʱ䣬ʿںŪֻ
˵עֱֻȥ˵ʱճע⣬ĵɿģȻͷȥĿϸĶ꣬麮̵ǡһˡ
һüһµŮˡ


εעҪ޽ԪʷУǰδеĵ׳٣ɽ綼Ŀ˴˷ʢ
ֻʮڲʢ£Ϊᣬʵֻʮɶѡ
һΣȴеʿ˽˶ܹͨīǧﴫʱصĹۿʵһͨʶ໥ǧ֮ȴɴ̸ܽ
Ȥ
еʿīεǧﴫȷȤм˼
ֻͶʯƺЩ֣
˭ʶİͶʯǼʯҲϵİ
ᣬеʿģЩĲʿͶʯܵģڵġ
ֱ
ϳ
ճǩ°볡ڸǰ¶˸˱ʼ֮ǿ˰볡ֱȻ쵽ϳʱˣȥ׼
ԣǺӿۣ˵ȥɡ
λҲ׷ЦϳȻϸġ
ҲӳЦеĻصðλǾúÿǧﴫӵƵӵ
λߡ
ɶ⣿
λϵԻɫոǽ͵ֱҪģλעĻԷ֣ʵʵйɵġ
λߡ
Ըˣɣιɣ
ǣԽ࣬Խܻӭ򵥵˵ǹۿԽǸƵǰ棬۵ĵطλ˵عʣø˵Ŀأ
λߡ
ԣŤͷ׷׿ԱɫüĿ䵭ƧһԲī칤ʦû뵽㿴ģģȻôȷѪʽ
칤ʦҲ
Ӧñȴ΢Ц˵ԣλϲҵĶĻǵҵƵŶ
ʵͶʯ͸ϲѡֵĹҲõİԿ˵



ɵתͷ׷ĿǴĿһԵǺӣᣬͽܶˣ㷴ʡ°
Ǻӡ
ҷʡҷʡƨ
޹ء
ǺҲɧˣҪЦˣû˵㻹ȥ
ϽߣٲߣΪʦҪܹˣ


138 ᣨţ
Լʦ, ҲΪ, ǺЦ˵ұˣʦ𡣡
ߣǺû˵
Ȼձת뿪ˡ
뿪֮, ǰ̨Ž̨
ϷϯϵĸߣӸµĿ·ڰ̨ϵգ뿪ʱ˵Ļ, Ǳ˳ֵ㿪ֻڵ̨Ƶ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻʿ, ˢˢյġһϢʾ¹Ժɽڰֱ̨Ƶ
ڰֱ̨Ƶ
ī칤ʦڰֱ̨Ƶ
Žڰֱ̨Ƶ
ҩŽڰֱ̨Ƶ


ʱ䶯磬ʿ, , 档
¹Ժɽī칤ʦšЩܣǶ˵ڰֱ̨Ƶڰֱ̨Ƶʲô·
Ҳ𾪣
Щȫһֱ̨Ƶ, ѵԼõ𣿡
֪ǵٱ¶𣿡


ʿǽڷ𾪵ĺһʱʶ, ͨ֩һߣɢ˳ȥ
, ǵȻǲ֪İ
ǳֻ, ֻ֪еĹ, Ʃרġʾܡ
īĴĹ, ĿרģͨʿǶǻʲôдϵĻ켣һģͷ˵ʾá
˵üͨ׵ǣĵڰֱ̨Ƶˣ
ΪɵڣԺ䶯ʹֻʿǣںƺɻЩʿҲ׷׽˵ڰֱ̨Ƶһ˲ƵƶʮˣһڲϵС
ЩԴǸŴǵĽŲĵڰֱ̨Ƶʿһ̤ڰ̨һϮˮɫüĿն廪Ž̨ϣ޳񻣬ģͬ̳Ե飬ʶĿʤա
ۡ
ۡ
ۡ
ڰֱ̨ƵʿǣԼͬ뷢һȻֱˢˣڰֱ̨ƵиɵŮޣ£飬ʶĿ
ˣգˣǸ޽ĵһˡ
ҷ֮ԭӵ޽һ֮λʵԶ
ҿ¬װŮͼҪŮͼϸʻʸ
иˣ


ʿյֵˣһȫɷˡ
һ˲ġҵġ˲ͨ˷ϵرֻʿ
ǸˣԽԽ˱˽
ڰֱ̨Ƶư
һǸŸɵߵĽŲģһǳյֵġ
ʿȴЩûģĻ϶ڹյֵһֱΪ¬װŮͼǿʣһԭдʵ
޽һˣô
ʢԣ֮գҫҹ


Ϻ£ôһСĲг֮
ǿʥ˵ͷ⣬ŵĴС㣡գˡ
˳ųӣʥ˲ڴ˽磬Сֻˣ
С尡



¹ԺȺ˵Щʲô߰ĺôŵĴС㣿Ҫī̫ˣʦǳص𣿴ҿЩ¹Ժǣ
˷ʦ䣬Ⱥ¹Ժ˵ʲôĻʥ缸ǰͷˣ˰˸Ӵ򲻵һȥǿ䣡Ҳ߳ܡ
ǣʦ˹ϵǳһǰ¹Ժʲô飡ʥҲã˭ͳͳܴ򡣡






Ⱥıӽڣ˵Ƿ·һԱƮĺȺǡ
Ȼ˵ƣݺӣڸǿҵڵʿ˸ɵرԼɪɪ
ˣǹġ
Ƕ䣡
䣡
ɵĵǣϵӿڣг֮
ûоã·һ֮ϵĴ
Ҹܵɱ

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Žվڵһ֪֪Ϊ֮ǰʦȦһɤӣȻЩʮָӵĶǰǵĵֻͨʿǣ˲䱬ˡ
˿ƽ
Ҳ֪¹ԺīɵĵѾԾսһʱܹչɱ
Ҫ֪
Ҫ֪ģ
ڰʿֻڵĵڰ˸̨
̨ϡ
ɱ̨ϣĶ棬վŵһڵޡ
˴εĶ֡
ɽɣանԼı
ڣ˵
£ָˣ˵Ȼһ䣬ĵ˲һҲ䣬ϲϵ۳ʵʵɱ⡣
վ޲Ƶı仯ϵɫҲˣɫؾĶǿÿµĽصɱ
ŮޣС
ԭΪΪӶӵڵĵһݣ𵤺Ϊոһ󾳽磬ԭΪռƣΪǵƵȻ޴棡
Ķ֣ĸΪ¡
ɫı仯ֱӰγ˽еɱɱŷǣ
ŽŲӯѸٵĻɱ˳ȥڡ
棬ڵƲһʱмסӿҵսڱء
ֻüвУĹ
ȴͷǰ壬ĽԽԽ죬ԽԽܣɱԽԽأɱ̨
̨ĽĽ⣬һС
̨ˣ
׸
ŵѿ˽֡
ǵɫ˼Ŀⶢ·̨һüĿֳɱϻ򹥽޵գ°ǺӷͬѰ츳־ǰ;
ϵİʿ±ˡ
ǿֳɱȻɱˣǵ水Ŷִգˣ
ͷԷ¡
⡢ô£
áÿ£˾ͻȻ˸һͺǣǴ±˺оޣ׵֣
£££
ȫǶ֣
ѹָɵ߻⡢޽δɱǰɣ˭ܵУ


ԭǱյֵƭ˵ʿеԼܵ˾ţӣ׵úܣ
һȺȫ±ˣǰе㡭
գһлλʿʤҲ֮С
յı϶ڽյ°볡ս֮⣬սʤ
һսһ浹֣ʤ
ֱİʿǣһʼ±ƣӦãٵľ
ҵŮ񣬲պûܴ


139 ᣨʮ
ī칤ʦɽһƷʯ
ʹֻʿյͨ, Ȼͨͷ·Ǵĳֿһ, ¹ԺɽɽƷʯ
ɽʮƷʯ
׼Ͷʯš
׼Ͷʯҩȹ
׼Ͷʯķ
˰
ô£
һӾͰѽôߣ
šҩȹͷתͷĿǴĿԱһüĿѩջ֮ŭ֮
ջ֮ЩĿ޶, üĶеǧﴫоϵС⡣
ܸ߼İӿʿǽյ֪ͨͻȻ˼ԭܰԭôɰһҲʱ, ԾԾԡ
ǡ
ڵڰֱ̨, ĻϿٵ, īӻɽ˴һƷʯ
ڵżѸɽ˴һƷʯ
ҩȵ[ɽ˴һƷʯ


ʿǶӻԾĳԴ¹ܣĸմ, Ͼܴ, ۡ
ʱ, ڰֱ̨䶼챻Ĵ֪ͨˢˡȻмӴֱ֪ͨ⣬Ļϡ
¹Ժɪɽ˴ͶʮƷʯ
¹Ժ¬װɽ˴ʮƷʯ
¹Ժֹɽ˴ʮƷʯ
̺䳤ϸɽ˴һƷʯ


ͨͶʯ͵ʿǡ
¹Ժô£
ôǮ
ʿ̾ΪֹĽǮá
Ǹпʱ, ɽ˴ʮƷʯ
ʿ
侲侲ʦ侲
Զǧ֮, ¬װһʧɫıסޱսƵɪ, Ȱ˵ʦαȺһƽ, ֻѣͶٶʯȲǺʦֿ֮꣬ʯмۣ޼ۣ
ɪ̧ͷһׯЦһʯ᲻øʦû̸꣡
˵գָĻһһʺӴּġ¹ԺɪɽһƷʯ֪ͨȫ



ʿǸ˵Ĺܰ
һҹ
ɽʯ
ʿʿѾľˡ
ʦ㣬㻹Ͷ𣿡¬װĿ⿴ǰѾ侲ɪСʵ
ͶͶʲôͶλǳĺҸ˰ɡɪЦһȥȥдȥī
¬װ
дȥīΪΣɻʵ
ʣΪξ͸ɵ߲رʾֻһϢʹˣɪӮλϾˣ
¬װ
ǰŭɫȥдīɪ죬˵ЩʲôȴɶҲû˵
ҲȰȰʦ㡣¬װԵͷĬֻĺֹ˵
ֹ̧ͷĿ⿴һۣȻתͷʦ㣬˵īۿͿ²ԡ
ֽ̿ŵɪ̧Ŀ⿴ɫϲŭԣ
ǵļƻӿ졣ֹ˵
˵ɪͬ˵
¬װ
ɪֹһϼƣԭȨλʱǰһ롣
¬װǣΪһ˺ŮԴĲҰ

մ̨¶ˣδһΧɽʦʦЦĹϲϲʦˣ
ʦã㲻˰Ǯ;
ʦñʦҰ


ա
һɻı鿴ΧЦɽʦʦǣð֮ɽ˵λãǽֻǳһգ˵Щδ̫ˡ
Ȼȷ׼˶ȥģõһĲݣʦʦôǲﲻԣŵһ찡ܿɶǿĶֶںأ
˭˵˰ԵʦʦǶʱ˵˵Ǯ;Ǯ;ǮǸǮ
ա
ԸˣǮ;ûǮ
УɽɵʦĿȻеֻ㿴
տĴаʱ
Բۣ
Сī˰ǸɴµϣܴλֶŪˡ
µĴλһȻͽʮƷʯ
ڶ¹ԺɪһٶʮƷʯ
¹Ժ¬װʮƷʯ
¹ԺֹʮƷʯ
¹ԺɽƷʯ
ī칤ʦһƷʯ


ա
ҵǮ
վΧɽɵʦʦǣɫ׷׳Եʦã콵޸
һϦ
ͣ
Զʱ˳ǣ˵ûôͷλʦʦǺȾơ
ʦúô󷽣
ǿɾ͵ľˡ
ȽȺʦʦǴˣղ͵͵Ĵ˺ŵĺ̨֣ϸһ㣬һ顭ȷ֮ɵסĿڣáöʯ
Ȼһҹ
лСīлֻлֱлͣ
лĺǣ
ٷܶ˰
ղ֪ĵطʿͨ˽½ͨ˽ƵЩ˽Ƶע̫ƽСƵ⼸Ƶһ⣬Ǿǡ
ɽ˵ǺιϵλȻ˴ʮƷʯǴ˵纮ѩɽ
˵ûϵҾţ
Ӳǰͺˣ⸱ɣбй


ʿ׷ףȻ졣
Щ˰̫ˣûУ˻ҳ̫ڳϡͽǿȢµһˡһ䣬ıǺڽ



ҹ
յȫ
աҶμͻ¼ھ¥Ҫ˸ᣬһˡ
μ漸ȥЦе˵ʦãշˡ
ⶼǴϲҲʵĻ˸ٻ
Ȼīŵֻȴδòֱ֪ڷĴҶ
֪ϷֵĻ¶˸Ȥı飬ĿĶա
μеľƱ̧Ŀⶢǰգ˵ұֱˣʦ˶ʯ
ԣֳ˸
μ档
¡
һõĳĬ֮󣬡Ǹµ֣һǵ͹ˡμĨ˰ǰ¶ʵЦݣѡ㣬ҽ֮ȷľ
Ĳ˵ջ첻ûǮ;
һԵĴҶ
ɵ˵ô
μתͷһߣ˵ģġ
Ȼ󽫰Ϸ˵һ顣
ҶԳĬ
֮ĬĬͳֻҹֱֻںյһƬǴҶûзֻŪ˰죬ҵյ˺Ž棬·иͶʯİťȻְ£һССϢյ˺ŽϷɽɴҶɽ˴һʯ
ɽɴҶɽ˴һƷʯ
ɽɴҶɽ˴һƷʯ
Ϣĵģ֪Եмֹ¶
Ȼ󣬡ɽմһƷʯ
ڣ˽ƵĵãԣȻʿǣ⧲յһȫϢ֪ͨʱҹģͣˣ
ֻͬоôʯա


140 ᣨʮһ
˿ֻʿ, , ͬһʱȥյ˺ҳ棬Ȼа˱仯߾Ӱ׵, ͽʮƷʯڶǱɽɴҶʯ¹Ժɪһٶʮʯ()
λı仯˶ʶһ㣬һжִŰ
, Ƕڵһִ, ǶǺִŰɡ
ԴѸҶĳ谮˭ҲԽȥ
ҪȻʶˣ
ҾҪ޽һ˵İ£
, ھˣȥһѡ


գô
ȺʿҲ̫ʦͨ, ѧϷˣ
ĬĬص㿪, ˹ؼֲ, Ȼѳһѵģࡢ㡢ĽǮףΪһЦǧ𡷡ұԵȫʯǿ޽һ˵
ա
Щʲô
ôô֣
ȫ趼ǿȡ὿ˣ
һѾֺ΢ĸо, ܻġӲġ
Ÿӵʶ˳͡ͼװʲôҲ֪δˡ
̧ͷ, Ŀ⿴ǰüͷɫǲĴҶ, ˵Ⱳֱеһ仰, ʦ֣ʯֱӸңαϴͣīҪȥһʯ˷ѵģͬ˵
ۡ
ҶδӦڶںȾƵμֱһھˣһĿ࿴ı鿴ǰգ˵ʦõţ
϶¶˼΢εɫյ羴ˣʦ㣬һ仰ɱһ⡣
Ҷɫһϰߵı飬ƽ˵ʦã˵
ܲ˾ʦŻ˶ãʲôҶһͬɫ˵Ҫ
£ȨҪģ
ⷬ˵ĹûʣԴǣоݣԱߵμ̾ʦʦֵˣҶҲǸߣߣߣ
һ仰˽ߣ֮˶ˣȨ
ȴѹ˶֣ҷơ
úҲеҲʦƷѡ
ʯأ
ɲСĿˡ
ʦȥʦǮԼʦļҵһ㶼ֻҪһ뵽īҪȥһ룬ҾͺۣҪȻǻǱˣֱӸˣ֮䲻Ҫ
μ档
ʦ
Ҷһͬı鿴գ˵Ǯȴغ棬˻һһ
ա
ʲôа˵
գտŴҶһ֣׻û˵ʲô
ãǲȥˡ
ܾã߸˿ֻٱƽͣһ˿䶯µĺƽһʯʹս
ѣī׬һʯ۵ģ

һҹ˭ûϢãҹһ粨ԣǴ̼ʿ˭ûϢһޡ
ڶա
˵̨·ֿûба˳ڵ̨
ֳһʶǰȥٿ죬С̨
ϻڳǩ֮󣬽°ŶϣֻҪ鿴һ֪¡
Խֿ£ʿ඼֪˶ź̾˿ûֿˣȲܿƻܴˣҲܿλǵİˣоÿŶʧȥ˿֡
ʿǶģлۿ̨ʱһССĲ۵̨ϵӿ볡ʿҴ󲿷ֶΪŮޡ
Ҹ˵ȥֱ̨䣬оϲ
һ۵ͨƽϢûϢУδʲôע
ʱơ
ֱ̨䣬ʲôϲֱ̨!
ȥֱ̨ڣ
ֱ̨


ϢԽԽ࣬ԽԽ˿Ҳʿĺ档
ں棬ʿȥ˵ֱ̨
Բۣô£̨Ǹޡûɣ
˵ģ
ʲôϵ


֪ʿͷ׷׳ҽ͵̨λȼ֮۷ī칤ʦöλ칤ʦ֣ɽ˺칤ʦϵǳ
˺칤ʦ֮кιϵȫǲɵˡ
Ͳ˰ɣ˺칤ʦʮǰʶˣһʣΪ֪ƺ񣬷Ѱܱȡ
Щī˾ͱҥˣ˺칤ʦҲֻʶѣ˵ǰ壬ҪˡĲ˵˵̨͵飬칤ʦͶһʯҲ˵ǳ
۸һ
ī칤ʦɽһƷʯ
ī칤ʦɽһƷʯ
ī칤ʦɽһƷʯ
ī칤ʦɽһƷʯ
ī칤ʦɽһƷʯ
ʿ
ŵĹ϶ˡ
ɽһƷʯ
ɽһƷʯ
ɽһƷʯ
ɽһƷʯ
ɽһƷʯ
ʿ
̨ϿյĹϯϣɵǷ׷תͷĿ⿴ԱһɫƧĬ칤ʦٿһüĿѩ˪ջ֮

ˡ
ʤ֮أԴף
ͬİ¹ԺɽЦǺǵóֻ˵㣬¹Ժɽɽ˴һƷʯ
šҩȹ׷תͷĿŭˣ
ŭɵɽźġ

ʿΨֲҵĴеԽԽá
ϧʧǣڰ¹Ժɽһʯ֮󣬾δˡ
Ǹ˵̣·˲Ϩ˰㡣

˵ȴöûټֻźգǶаī칤ʦа
ԣŰ¹ԺɽһʯǺ˼
֪Ϊ˻գ
ǵ¸ؽ˵ʥ
һӣ¹Ժɽͦθߴ
ɽǺǡ
֪İ¹Ժǣ̫ˡ
֮ʿǻ϶֪īǧﴫĹãֱͺͽˣͬʱҲ̺ǿӰ
ԣܶ߱ѧ̨չʾԼõ󣬼򵥵˵Ǿۡ
ĿǰΪֹδ˳ֱĹҪͣϾʿһҪġ
޽ʿҲûд͵ϰߣǸΪ˴ͷдͣҶǴдͷɵĵȻҪͶһʱֱӿһɴ͵ȳ籩ʿӰ죬Ҳ͸Ŵˡ
Ȼ̨ϵʿҲŬӪҵˣ͵޼ֻ˵̨⡣
ÿ覴á
Ҳܴ򣬽ͻХ죬͡
ģ˴շۺŮ۽
һʼȺŮҲûдͶʯʶֱ
ɽ˸ɽ˴һƷʯ
ɽ˸ɽ˴һƷʯˣ
ɽ˸ɽ˴һƷʯ·£
ɽ˸ɽ˴һƷʯʯ


ŮǼ״̣޿̣ܲҲҲ׷Ͷʯͣ
ҩ˸ɽ˴Ʒʯʦˣۡ
ѩ˸ɽ˴ʮƷʯʦʵᱲģһս־壡
λ˸ɽ˴Ʒʯʦֵķˡ


Ů޿ѣȴ͡
ʱֱа񡱵ڶ
һա
ְԽֱʿǣ
ôЩ棿
ֱ
ԣī칤ʦ¹ԺǼλʯȥͱޣɵ˵ôоλеͷе㡭
ʦ֡˾ҹ˵ʦִ޺ʯΪˣŴ̼ҹָͶʯ
ۡ
ʿһǡ̫ˣ


141 ᣨʮ
ʱȥ
һֻ, ̭ʿ, вѡֵ֮һ˰
̨𽥰ȻܹʿǼܴ֮
µʱ, ʿҲϰֻûʱǰ˷ܼ飬ʾȥˣҲ𽥵侲ӹע˱, ϾԽ涷Խ, ӮҲԽ, սǳ̬
̨ϣ˫ʿಫ, ȫȥභ, , ʱ򱣳ּĬǡ
ϵУ˵ʿЩѡֵĿãӦԵյΡ
ʿ̨սǰԤ⡣
ŵһĲգڵһ𵤺ʿ, 
ڶǷŵĽ𵤺ʿ顣
ա
λڶʮˣû˿ܶΡһ֪, ɽ˵ı, ˵ʹٿءʵǿȡ, Ҫָ̨ܹʵۿۡԣһʼǱĽɫ
Ҳ֪ΪҪ˱̨
ҲʲôԭɣƩҪ˵ս飬ͨʵսۻ飿


ʿ²׷ףָߴϵȥ¡
գʵΪѡ
Ƥһºܿġ
ʦ㡣
𵤵̨ûбǰյı˵Ķڵλ磬Ĵˡ
ɫżģüĿš
ڵ޽պգÿһĴ˶ǿһʱĽ
նʤ˵
Żڵǵɫ΢΢һЦ˵ʦ㲻صģӮһαӮΡ
ԣϲ¶˿Цʦ͡
һˡ
ʦã뿪ն˵Ȼתȥ׼һ̨ˡ
뿪֮ûãҶμҲϵˡ
ʦ֣ʦ֡¿Ƕ˽еȻŴҶ˵ʦһʤΣ
ӮˡҶԼ˵һ˫۾רעĶǰ̨
վԵμȴЦһֱӿڵֹӮˣûѶִˡ
һȥ籩꣬޷죬˿ַӦĻᣬԷδüܡμκһʿԣĪ
ֻҶ͵
֪ʦǫ̃ĶֱĻҲʵμ˵
ļЩҶ˵
ǰ̨ϡ
ѾŽ̨ĶվͬΪʿ硣
ͬһʱ䣬ڰֱ̨ҲѸٵǧ
ɽǽɵմգ磬ǶݺʵͬѰ˵ĶԾǷ
ǽʲɴĶԾ
ϵʿȺˡ
ԾδʼʿѾʼ˺ˣλ˭Ӯأ
˵Ϊ൱Ҳ൱ƾУ½ۡ
Ҿ磬Ͼ֪ŮҪѷһԲ޼㡣
ǿŮ𣡣뱨ţԼʱ¼£Ҽʶν޼㡣
Ůʤʵ޻̸֮Ҫ˵ĻʮһǰĲɽᣬϡ
ȻôһԨԴǽʱʮս
ܹһѩǰܣ񻰣ĿԴ


̨ϷλϯϣɵҲͬʱעպһԾɽĿ·̨϶Ŷպ磬תͷԵǺЦǺ˵СģɵͷᰣǵҲʶ
ǺԶʱЦе񡣡
Աڵķ᰽
һ㶼
ҵͽܲŲͽܣ
᰽Ƕ˵ĶԻƤ鶯˼£ĿԼҪԷĳ嶯˵Ѫᡣ
뵱꣬ʢķ᰽ĴУǿ޵֣ܷͷֱǺӡ
һᣬǽȣؾֻ֮̽ܶҪǺӣӵڶ
һʼ²ӿ̿һΪ㣬һҪһѩǰܣǺӡ
ȻûȻһζûӮ
ֱ˸Խ𣬷ᰶûӮǺһΡ
ٺǺ˴ҶΪͽ⣬ԼⱲûӮǺһΣͽܣͽӮǺӵͽܰ
һ˼ָͽܹһسӵķᰣͽһϼΪϿëòΪǧѡΪͽʱ򣬴ҶѾˡ
ᰡ
ͽΪ̫Ҫǿдճɶֲʵ
ûϵ᰽°ֻҪԼͽܹʮʮᵤԪӤʱ¿ϣǺͽܣʲôӶˡ
ǣʮһǰɽᣬ֮֡
ʱɽܣʵĻȥڡ᰽֪֮²Ϊ⣬ʱʧܼβǻ£һֱ˳ɹԷħܲסֻҪʧܹ֮վ򵹡
Է᰽˰οԼͽһһͨοܶˣлʦˡ
ͨá᰽һο˵Ȼ˳˾䣬ǺˣȻܹͬսʤ㡣
ʵʵĻشˣɽɵա
Լʦ֪Ǻˣ绹һ䣬ǽɵСͽܡ
ʲô᰽Եըˣ˵˭
类˼̬ȸһ
ôܹǺӵͽܣʦҲ᰽ŭе
磺ί˵һް
֮ܵʦ᰽ĸΪϿĽѵΪǽһѩǰܣǺӵͽܣ
ն˿֪Ȳ֪᰽ʦǺ֮ĶԹҲ֪ǰʮһǰɽ֮󣬻ȥҹнΪ˽գһѩǰܣ
̨ϡ
ҵһպܾˡ
վǰĿս⣬һΣҾҪ㣡
õˣ˼նͻȻսеЩĪ˵ǲܵģΪҲ䰡
û취ֻȥˣ˵ȻγеĽ
Խʶɱ׵Ľ˸ɭĽ⣬һ˽Хǰȥ
ͬʱγ˽ǰһﬡһĽײմһ
Ȼͬʱˣ˾롣
һεļһ
ﬣﬣﬣ
ǼҵĽ
ǿĽ̨
ƾУ
ˣ磬ǵĽ൱£񽣵һһ
ϵʿĿϾӣջ磬ǵٶ̫ˣۼ޷׽ǵĽգۼʮأӰӰ
ĽĽһȥܿ˵Ľӯ٣Ƕȵ꣬˽Ȼͬ
໥ƣͿ˭ʤһС
Ƕڹע˺ĽֻҪеĽôǱǶϡ졢ɫʯŽɫĽô죿ǡǴ˵еɱ
㿴ˣôɱɱǰɱֽô˻λܵġȻŵȷеǣȵȡôҲе񣿡
ôһ˵ȷǺ񡭡


ˣȷɱûȺ˰׾ģڲŷ֣ҿһͿˣ


һ߹ۿ̨պļҽսһ߷Ȥ۵ɽЦ˵Ҿ˵̫񻰣ö˶˵ɱҪŪôﻨεģŵò塣
С㰮ãɡ¹ԺɽȴЦ˵ǼűʯڽϹֺÿģʥҲã
յɱϹŵǽɫĽ͵̫þڽʥ͸һģһǻ֮ԼŪġ
ɱҴĲҪӵģ
̨ϣһηת
ԽսԽ£ԽԽ죬ÿһ纬֮£һɽӡ
һʮᡣ
յĽӯ٣໥ƣǶѹ磬ѹ硣
ʱǡѹơ
ڣɽӣ磬ֻñء
ˣһʱ·硣
յƣǿƣԽ죬̺Խأɣɨǧ
Ϲ⣬ɽӡ
˲а
Ȼͬ죬ǽ׹⣬Աܡ
ѵҪ𣿡


۷׷ף̨ƿŴۿžҪ䡣
ǣʱһãҾͷ˲Ծ
棬ǸҪôû䣡
Ѿͷ
̨ϷλϯϣɵҲ˶ߣǺҡͷʧЦһĽթ
᰽Ŀⶢ·̨ԽսԽߵ磬üĿ̫ļˣѾͷĵ
ţܶӯû޹ӡ
ףڣɨǧų£ȴδ˵
ܹܿ潻棬ʱҲֻǱĽˣƤ˶ѣмֻǿǱѣʵ˺
Ϸİ¹Ժɽ״ɴЦݼСѧãٰӰõԽԽˡ
ѾͷĲܣǺ·ſÿЩ˵
Ǻ˵ҽ̵ġ
ȿȡɽ£ҽ̵ġ
̨ϡ
ۼô޷˼գҲЩˣ³ҲԽûִ磬пʼˡ
ˡ
۾ʱһʱ򷴻ˣ
ǣһ֮ǰı㣬Žӭͷֱϣ缱꣬޷£
ǧ򽣣Ų
ӭǧ缱Ȼ£飬޴ڣ޷죬޿ɶ㣬޿ɱܡ
һʱ䱻˸ֲͼȴΪһ˴֧š
ֻǿӦš
üĿü繵֣ʵɫ꣬촽򣬻ӽֵ
սӿںХϯȥ
վǶǰӭХڶľ޴ХüĿгǰݺݲ£˲򿪣ǡ
ͼֿ
ۡ
һѪֱ
ˡ
ХȥµĿꡣ
԰Ѫɫ촽죬ѪĿְγǰĻ̌Ŀ⿴ǰգӮһΡ
տ΢΢һЦ´Ρ
ԣüĿʱһ䣬Ŀ俴û´Σ
˵գŽת̨

һ󳤾õ
ֱ֮
Ӯˡ
Ӯˣ
Ӯˣ
Ӯһǲ˵ˣ
ܹھһμˣ̫ˣ


һ󻶺ϲظһܹʮմӮⳡǰ
̨¡
һɵ¶ЦݣʦӮˣ̫ˣ
վԵĴҶĿʼն̨ϳֽգרעĽϡ
㣬̨ŽʤһգתͷĿ⳯·ȥԴҶĿ⣬ŴҶȻ˴ǣЦݲãi˫
ʦ֡
ϡ
Цݣҵ࣡
ʤŮЦݡ


142 ᣨʮ
ʦ֡(ÿõĸ)
մ̨, Ҷǰ, գգʵʦôпҵı㲻Ǻͬ𣿡
ǰ, ԹˡҶԼ˵
Цǹϲʦˡ
ʦִӮһҲ˰ɡŴҶ˵Ƕˣ
ҶȻķ, ΢΢һЦ, , ʦá
ҹ
ΪףպʹҶ˫˫ǰμ桢ΪǶ˾ף
ƺ֮ʣµ˵ʦ, ҵı𣿡
, תͷ
ԥ, ȻҵĶ˪¡
͡տ˵һȥģʦҪͰ
ӮġĿ⿴ƶ˵, Ӯġ
Ļ, ϶ı, һֱŲĺؾͷ, ´¶Цݣţ
ʦ㼪ԣһȫԸģ

Ѿǰ˾սûбһı㵽ۿº˪µıȶ
վڵ̨£Ż̨
̨ۿԶ𵤺ԪӤĿ̨µȺɨһۣ㿴˻µĴʦ󡣿ϵɫ˼ͬԵֹǰʮ
޽ɫʿɵ̨ͬÿһһź֮䣬ࡣ̨ȵǰʮʮܽһǺϸˣܽǱ棬һǼɡΪͻȻμˣʮɱʮһɣʹǰʮΪҡ
ʮһɣʮζһעҪܽ
˭ǸȥܽȥǰʮɣԸɶʹ˾ҪǸڸһãЦ̣˽»ȥǶµӶΣһҪ¾¹档
£պʹҶ˫˫ǰ˾˽𵤺ԪӤĵһɽɰһΪ汣סˡɽҲӴݣڴ˻ٽһǾ֮ϲˡ
ȻֻɽǲҶ˵ģ˵ˣ²Ҫָ˺ˡ
ոŵϯϣŨ
̨ϵҩȵİ³սɽµĻܷʦЦǺ˵³ıϵ൱°̨ס
ܵƸպÿư³ıϵŻһת˵³Σ˰
һԵҩȹԶʱ÷ҿܵδȫƿأԴʤδ̫档
ɽµķЦǺǵ˵ıϵƣȱ󡣡
ۿλҪһԵԴԲ˵³ϣ
ҩȹ
᲻˵
ҩȹ˵³ĶֲգʱǶ˻һսʱʤδ֪
ɽ·ЦǺ˵˽ǿֲ֮һսǳ

ҪȰܵģôԽȰԽأ
һԵɽ۹۱ǱǹģĿǰ̨װרĿǻ
¸пԼλʦֶ£˲ڽĴ˵ʲôյϡ
˵ʦֶס
ɽ̨£վȺеһϮɫ۵գ¶ʱɻô
ǫ̂£Ҳɻ󿪿ڵ
ôһѣλ߰Ż˺ҩȹͺɽ·ɶ볯̨ȥ
ôȥˣ
еû¸ɰɡҩȹ˵ɽɽ𵤺ԪӤеӽںͷһǿǾڣһᣬԾڱصãʣµľҩȡũʹ󡢰֡ɽ¡ī¹Ժߴʣ
ɽƷ廨м˵һСŮıСŮʦֶá
̨λŮԼ㣬ҩȹ˵
ԣƷ廨Ц˼֣˵ⶼǶʦֶ˵СŮһǰֻǸ治֪ӽԳԲ˿ӣʱǷָպƽһɡ
뵽񡣡˵գ̾˿ֽǵľϲ̫࣬ı̫ˣȫʦֶӰ죬Ƿúúøл
ɵϱĪ⣬û˵Ҳû˵ţֻǿǰ̨վŵĿ
ܺáĹȴĵĿڵ
λ߶ʱĿ⾪ȵĿû뵽Ὺڣ˼ƺɽɵλ˸ĲͬĪǡ
Ǻܺá¹ԺɽЦſڵĸµļλӸıӰ죬ǶɳĸҲá
ĩˣ˵һԢĻǻߵˡںӰ죬ϲһõˣĸã֮Ȼ
ī칤ʦҲڵܺá
ߡ
ʵʵھˣû뵽ɽɵλӰ֮𣿾ͬʱ⼸λ˵
ԵһʦûڸС
ʦǺӣ
˵ˣ˵ʲô
̬ȻҪһµģǺװģ˵ͽȻǺõġ
˵գһɫǲãôҵͽأ
ҵ۹ãһ۾Ǻ˵
ҶҴġ
֮ܶյĸɵ඼עһ۵ڵӵĶ
ͬһʱ䣬ϡ
ˣģȥֱ̨䡣
ôⲻ̨𣿾Ҫ۲֣Ҳ
֪˽£̨λƳȹŮҪõͬʦą̃Ϊıİɡңλʦþ˵ŶĶѡ
˵ʦúͶѰƱزܴ˵ĶѱҪúù۲ʵ


һʱ䣬ĿֵʿӿһССĲ۵ֱ̨䡣
һ£ԭûʲô˹עĻ˪µıȶ˽ȡ
Ŀ
ա
ֻҲǺ¡ɣ
ʦҪ롰ԭŮ˪һʤ˽Թô˵ļ֤£ҵлĻҲǸľˡ
ţֻҪ䣬Ǿ
ǻʦãã
̧Ŀⶢǰ̨վŵüĿĻ£á
̨ϡ
ʦ㡣ۺɫɴȹ˪ЦĿǰɫĻ£ϸƺһֱе⣬ܸΪʲô𣿡
Ҷʲô𣿡ɫΪ
⵹ûС˪˵
ȻûУ̸ε⣿˵е𣿡Цһһ˵ɱأ
˪¶ʱƿԡ
Ȼû֤ݣֱǰλʦĪĵ⡣
̨µͿ仨£ʦϢ˰úá
ٷϻˣﶯҡңֱսɣȻɰγн
˪¼˵ͨһԲϾͰνҲֻðγ˽ϣһսܹ֮⿪ʦҵᡣ
øϻֱӰνȥ

վ·̨ϻº˪µıȶµĽҪĴ򷨣ȥһУһУֻֽս
սսս
ˣѪʹֻҪһֻҪվţֻҪսǱ㲻ͣս
ˣѪս
ҪĴ򷨡
Ҳ۵Ĵ򷨡
գ޷ز
ͺǲۣ¿࣬һˣ֧һп籩꣬Ӳš
һеս
ӵսͬȵľ޷Ӯá
ĵΪ־֡
˪²ûǰľ˼̫࣬ηη˵һУȴһУսľδӵС
ǵӵСˡ
ǷҲãҲãҲãҲáЩ׾ٵıԱ
һޣпĴЩ
ףˡ
˪´δ׹
ˡ
ʹˡ
ơ
ơ
߱ơ
޼ƿʩƵ·˪ѵվɫ԰ףͷǼ亹ʦãҡ
ƶ˵Ȼ̧ĿֱǰֽɫĻ£Ҫһ㣬ʵΪΣ
˵붯ҡң
ȴϻһƷХֱӻ˪ķסʺۿҪ̽ȴȻֹͣ
Ӯˡ
ãĿ⿴ǰ۾պ԰״˪£˵Ӯˡ
ĿؿһۣȻջ˽ת뿪ˡ
һ˲䣬ֻġ
޴ŵãȻ
վ̨µգ̨Ӯת뿪Ļ£΢΢һЦóָֻɿĶ˼¡
Ȼֳǹ㳡ϵĿ޴Ļһɽ˴ɽɻʮƷʯʦˣ
µĽŲ͵һ٣ݺݵҧס˴ʹԼû޳һֻŽһֻסۣʪһƬ
ʿ

ī칤ʦع


143 ᣨʮģ
ҹ(С˵ÿõĸ)
ո¾ٰ칦磬˴Ҷμ档, ºȵô, շ, ڵˮӯӯģ֮պޣϺ˵һЩ
ҶμĽռøǶ, һһȥ⣬ľ̨, Сá
ڡ
ʦ, ʦ㣬лллл
¿޵ģ, ״ε˵ţҡҡӮ, Һѹ, úް
ʹ, ʦ㣡ʹ, ܡ
˫յ, Ҫеʹࡢ޶йһ㡣
ˮʪǰ·һƬˮա
նŻ±, ĵʺͿ, Ŀ浾ע, һֻֻסһֻıǰ˵Сһ㣬䷳Ķ˵ûˣʦãһжѾȥ
£ʦá
ڣҶڣǶߡ


ء
Ļֽץסǰ·ͷ·ˮ˽ץһ鸡ɿ˵Сް
ϸİ£˯˹ȥ
ա
Ƥ˶ȻͷʹСһȻϯ
ͷʹŴڲϵôԴһ㣬ָ˰̫ѨüͷҹһĻ
ʦ㡭²ɵؽе̧ͷĿ⳯ǰȥǰǰһϮ۵նڴԲ輸ǰҶڣһ衣
峿Ľɫ̫͸ϣ˶һʽɫΣõǳ˳ѵΡ
˲俴ˣʻҵģһʱֲ⵽ʵξ
ֱ
ʦá
תͷ΢΢һЦˣȱɡ

ð֮
²ŷӦٶ۵ģšһ
ȥŴǰȥǰ¡
ո˱Ũ裬̵ĲˮðŰɫˮ˲ɢ
á
³ĬĽӹⱭ裬͵СһڣȲ븹ǻеЩʦ㡣еĲ豭£ǰգҹ鷳ˣУлл
ǰ΢ЦĸһĲ豭Լҽúαؼ⣬´λٺȵ㡣
ƺȶˣ£ʿɶֹ
¿ͷţʦˡ
Ȼʦһͬţ»мҪȥĿ⿴΢΢һЦ˵һޡ
ԣĿܿɿǰü˵ʦ㲻ҵƬ̣ȥˣͬʦһš
áպЦӦ
ʦñ裬ȥȥء˵Ȼתȥ
⡣
һϮɫ۵ǻȴͥԺһδȥĿһֱǰյţãȻ޴룬Ϊ㡣
ΪһϲСʦͻȻ䵭ȥٲԶ
ʦʦĸ賤潿СʦãͻȻ˽սǰȰȴ޿κΡʦʦĸͼǳȰֹʦãȥΣյ飬Сʦõʦʦĸһȴûֹ
ףΪ
ʲô𣿡ãȻʵ
ûҡĿ䵭Ŀƽ˵
ڿƽ˵飬̹ȻĴĴ԰ʧңΪһҲֵˣŵΣϣʧҡ
ճΪһֿɱŮˡ
ģһжĴ
һʼ㷸˴
ʦ֣Ժң顣¿ǰ˵㡣
㵱ҵԺˣޱҪԺǲҪټ˰ɡ˵Ȼԥתȥ
ãȻԼˣΪ
ȥ֮
ʦ㣬һ᲻̫ˣǲӦúֱѺãǰѻ˵ô˵
Ц벻
룡ºԥɴ˵ȻûЩ˺ҵ飬һǼǳ𣬲ˡ
Ǿˣϲ㲻ҪǿԼˣһαί˵ҲصĴ˵ȷµԲЩҲʲôá
ֻҪ㿪ıáЦ˵˴ŵСԣʲôأ
ʦ㣬ã

һľĵ̨Ҳʽ˾
ֹǰʮδɼˣȡɼƷ޶˶ܾϲˣ½⿪ĽᣬľԲΪ֮󣬱չ׼ᵤ
ա
ɽɽ𵤡ԪӤ˾»һӣ𵤺ԪӤպʹҶʦá
δũʹδǰ֣ԪӤδ
ǰ㣬ڣ𵤡ԪӤ˾īϵǿƣսξȻ˾
ͬ˾ҩȹһɨǰƣϲȺصǸҶǸ
תͷīȡͬеīҲͷ
һ˫أ˶ĿһµǧﴫīҲĺóɼˡ
īʦЦ˵ⶼʦĹ͡
ǴʵΪáԺά칤ʦ¼īӣԪӤڵĻܶ˺Щȥܵ칤ʦֵָȺ޿ʮ꣬īӶϹ山ǿѵࡱģˮƽȻͬն
ա
ʮʮλѡ֣Գǩ֡
ճеĶīĵӣֲҲƲ϶áϾܹĶǸŶսĸŶСǱһڡսرܴţǩ൱ˡ
ܴţɽɡڡţ鵽Ŀ顣
նԳǩǱȽģûںͷţⲻ֪Ķ֣Ǹīĵӿǩ㵱ᱼˡ
īڲ
˰ҵһ˰һӮˣʦ᲻СЬҿϾҪΪС鳤ʸܵʦָ㣬᲻ʹˡûˣһ֣īĵѰ˼е
ظһѵġ̫ˡ
ʦ֣治֪ǶԼ̫ţСˡǿɽɵĽޣܴģǱΪ飬Ȼ㡣
ǩӦˣģӮˡӮ˵
ʦŲӮ䡣
ģʦ鳤֮λȵúܣ˵ˡ


īҰĲѰ˼
ⶼЩʲôˣ
ҲӮĺ


144 ᣨʮ壩
Ȼ˵šҵĶλɽɵ, ÷ŶһӮô죡, ʵӮīѰ˼, īڲˢˢġ̫ˡĻظ, Ŷ
Ļظ, С, Ҳ, ɽҲãڣǷ, Ҷѣ
Ŷʲô
˵()
ҿ


Ѱ˼ɿĻظҲŲϵΪҲ֪ƭҵʱǱ֪
̨¡
¿ż̨գüչ̾˿
տһۣЦ˵ʦö˶˵̾ʲô
̧, ϸˣ˿ŵһ, ˵ⲻǵʦ𣿡
кκõĵġղΪ⡣
Ŀ⿴, ֹ
ǰļīδȻǰûͻĲʮʮ, һīĽȴǲδ, ҩĵĽ, һҩȵıֿνۡ
īǼ˵ĺܣǱսǼΪóܹһЩϡŹֵȴǿķĺܣͨ쳹طη塣
ɴܿīܿ˵˼жԶж
īͺܹŹ֣޺޶
һε仯ܴ󣬴Ļ¶ɵػԼμӵͬһīŪǧﴫֱ߸һ֪
īκǿһ˶ǿīܹκͷۡ
Ի²ɵصʦǧ﷭
տŻµı飬ʱЦˣʦãǶڻǷŵĻӦΪҵģīĻصģϤĳ˰¹Ժīˡ
լо顣
˵ɫɣ棿
棡
ʱ
Ž̨īӿȥƺܽŵӣ
³뵽ǸɫĿⷢĿīӣ˵ǽţ˵Ǽģ

ˣɻʱ򣬶ǸīӴĶе
ֶˣӺķ·ƻ۾Ķ
ллձ⼤ķӦĪ£˵
λīԣɫӼˣķ·Ѫ
̨ϷϯϵīţɵסȺûϢǣȥˡ
ﰵ˾ĿװŵԼ칤ʦϿȥԼʦɫǵĮƧ侲ţ°һ汣סˡ
˿ϣһƬ
û뵽λī˻˵ĳߡ
˵ĽĳʵԼ㲻ϲ𣿡
īӦ֡
ʲô˼
֪ģеöǡ


ʿīѰ˼յĹӦЦˣ˻δս˼ˣһҪֶòˣ
īʲôʱùˣ
Ѱ˼ԭīԣ˵⼸ʮ칤ʦѧ˲٣ǸǿС


̨ϡ
տŶɫЩֶīӣò˵ѣ侲
ҪҸһʱ侲һ£Ҳλīĵ̫ˣһռ˱ˡ
ءѰ˼ܾ󣬱
̧ĿĿ˸ǩΣ
˵գѸٵͳһɫ飬˫ֵݵǰҪӦ
ա
̨Ͽչϯŵīţ״ֱ飬˵ĶˣȺСӣһ춼ͣʲôϣҲô
ͷһԱߵ칤ʦ΢䣬Ŀ·̨Ѱ˼ŵǱ⻰԰׿¶ȤЦݣɫȤ
īš
о̫
̨ϡ
մһ˲ȻĿ⿴ǰѰ˼˫ŵĻǷдʲô֮ɫѸٵĺˣ˵ֶѸٲصдռڣ˵ûգ
赱ó⻹ҪǩҴɣ
ۡ
յĶʿʱһġۡȻܿıոûˣǣҿˣϲϵ˷ܵ˵ţҲˣ
ˣ
ˣ


һ±ƵѰ˼Ŀ⿴ǰջδӦð֮˵ˣҵġ
ҵˡ˵
Ѱ˼
²ǿ
ǡ
տϵɫЦһ
ϡ
ЦˡǺÿֲ
ֲ
µЦݣ
ɪɪ


ʿһЦĻƤˣһɺӽŵװ
նѰ˼Цݱ䣬ζ˵ܴӮңȥǱı¡
Ѱ˼
вɣ
вɣ
ձɱѰ˼ֻӲͷƤ˵ұ㲻ˡ
̧¶ԸЦݣȻ˵Ľܿ£ҵƾҲģ
īڲϡ

ƾ׵ְ
ˣװīĵӺˡ


ɣҵ޵ƾ
Ѱ˼һʮ㵫Ĵ󺰣һ޴ʮɸߵ׽е˳ǰǰȫȫ
ʲô
ѸٵıһƬˢˣ޴𣿡
īڲϵһƬõİ֮󣬲˵Ū˰
ʦиߴ⣿
ǽл𣿡


գ
տǰͻȻֵľ޴еˣʱҲˣī׶
ҲǼСīԾ޴е˺ܸȤԲ²ĺϹѳ˰ǿջ׶ѡȻǲõ͹īĺͶһīĵӶͽߴˡ
Ȼϵ޴׻˾ʿҲ̨Ϸϯϵλߣû뵽īز¶ȻɲöԸĿⶢ·̨ϵĻˣ̾
ҩŸܵһü޵ΣУī֮Ѿ˹˿ֲΣк;ʶŷתͷĿ⿴īţ˵īǲԲô
˵õĴһչѭ򽥽þ˸ߴ
īţ
¶ζʧòЦݣ˵ʦ̵з
˵Ŀ⿴Աߵ칤ʦɢȵźţ˵Ҳǲ֪µ޴
˭Ĺ˭͡
칤ʦһԲͶ޶ãֻĿⶢ·̨Ǿ޴ĻףüĿ˼
̨ϡ
Ѱ˼Ĭգ¶Եõɫ˵صɱﵣԭǴȵʹõģû취Ȼ㣬ֻмˡ
а취ԸҵƾѰ˼¶ʤ΢ЦĽٿǿҲ޷˺һ˿һӮˣ
ԣ̧
ԡѰ˼˴֣˵ҪˣܲܰѻңȻǩòˡ
Ĳ
ԶʱЦˣΣ
ӮǲӮġЦҸ£ʲôͽֲߴ
Ž˸ǣѸٳǰȥ
Ѱ˼վںԭزʶٿǰ޴սɱ
޴׻еˣͽСϸĳֽˡ
ҵսɱ
Ӿϵĳǿҵסʿֳ̨ĹڻֱֻͨۿʿǣĬĿһ̨ɱ


145 ᣨʮ
޴׻ʮ㣬ǿ޴, ȻμΪĵĶ, ˿δӴһ, ĽŲȶ졣
һ̽Ĺʽɣһת÷ɿ죬Ӧ֮ߡƳңʵֻǴ򷨻ڶѡ
ͨףȫɱеľ޴, 뽿Сֽ˼ҵսһ𣬳趯Ʈɼ䣬Ľ, ݺᡣ
յӢˬޡ
Ǻӡ
ع꣬ɲǻҷɡ
ת, ʱĳӵ߸, , ǴԽʱյĶ
ϡ
ôô죿Ӵ󣬶, Ǽ˿δӰ, Ĳ˼顣
ôȥ˲٣ȻŴĺܼ, , ˺ޣһڻˮ
˶˰볡ˮˣ˾ͷȥƴ
ʿ
Դ͡


ջʽף˰볡
һĴǰǿϬĴ򷨣ôδĴ򷨣ӿ⻯ΣɽӴǳ»ûֺֻ룬ۻҡ
Իʵ˺0
ʿһ±ƣһʼ￴ûǺܼģĳȣϾǳѤô̼֡ǿſţƷˣڻˮ
ҲҺͻܣб±ܰ
ܵĵͦվǷһУȻתܣĻ˵Ų׷ٺ٣׷ţ
ܣ̼
ʿ
ô޳ܵ
һʱ䣬˶ɻˣʲô
ǶԵġ侲ʹˣܹһݻ٣ûбҪȥ߾޴Ļ˷ǿҪƻѣûҪ

ʿԻˣ˼ǲ򣿡
Ҳԣ㲻ҪˡֻһζĶ㲻ȡ߻˵Ķƿսֽ࣬Ǿ͸뱻ƣ
ԵǴǲ򣡡
˵Ĵ򷨡ս̾սʶ͹ʵ硣
ʿ˿ãɻ󣬲˶ܹӵĴʶͶսȻֱܹѸٶ侲ŵж
ʿϲ׷ʣսвûټȥֻǵȥˡ
ʣµİ볡ʿʶ׻ֽͨٽ˶ٽ⣬֮զࡣ
̨Ϸϯϡ
Ŀ·һݻļٵգ̾Ǻͽܲ˰ᣬ˾տڵȻͬܵС
֮⣬֮ߣʵƽҩȹҲǲ˼ǿӵôã֮˼롣
շչʾֽ⻯Σ˾̾ܶλ߶ˡ
Դ⣬ж㣬ݺ
֮䣬֮Ρ
ġ
ͽܵǺЦһĸĪ⣬ʵﰵѾͷ˿ѵ֪ǹģż
Աߵջ֮Ŀ·ѩЦ⣬ǻ֮ǳɽӴپڣһܻļ١
һ˫ҹ
ԣԱߵİ¹ԺɽĿ⿴һۡ
ī칤ʦ˵֮֮󣬷Ƕ֪
Ǻӡ
ɫȻǵĮ칤ʦȴĪп˼ֽԵã¶ٸԣǲ֪֪ˣ
֮ܶһսӮսϾտ裬ܷϡ
ī˼ʶĿ¡
ӮˣƺѾҪ
Ź֣
ЦһҪıʤʤȻ赭д˵ںȴûʸ˵κλ
̤Ͻһձ֪·ΪǿϵıǿֻΪ㲻ǿ
ܶ˭ҲãħҲãҲãǸߴףһն֮
յĿĺȷһʼֻһĿģǱӮ
һսĿģΪʤ
ûоã˵Ķˣ
ˣ
ʿ׾޴Ļеˣ֮ͬǰжٺȶʼ𽥳ٻҲԵмֱء
˵ɫƺʹ࣡
̨ϡ
һֱվڻʶŻ׽īѰ˼ɫ԰ףûѪɫͷ亹乣ɫȥƺǼʹࡣ
ϣʿѰ˼뵽׵ı仯ǰһϵп廮ˮĹʯȻʶ
ԭ
仰̨ϣԭǶȻٵȴлˮ۹͵һɫ䣬ٶȸˣһƬҶڿУŵǿĽסǾ޴Ļףֱֱƹгź󷽵Ѱ˼ֱֱȥʱΪ꣬һѰ˼ķüġ
ˡ
Ѱ˼üġ
ǿɱѰ˼ɫҰףĿϿŵüķĽ⣬Ȼջߣǰ˲ƶǰգЦ˵ˡ
罣âעϢȻջн
֮Ѱ˼Ե˿ɫҲ˼֣һٺı顣
ʿҲ֮˿ΪʲôҪɿ˵ĽסüĵĲң
Ҳһ£££
ΪҪˣ̫ˣ˵Ľ
˭ܵһһ
ǺεȿµĽ⣬ɱ⻯Ϊһݻٴ


û뵽սԸҵƾס̨ϣԴ˹Ѱ˼¶ЦݣָǸиײĻЦɫģǰź˵ҵƾȫûӳʵأ
Ϊβ򣿡̧ͷɫ˵ǽ޲һ᲻վηս𣿡
Ƴۣǽֻǲսֲɵ֪򲻹ȥɵĴͣǲսɵӣ
Ƕǽ޵ⰲϡһ˵
Ѱ˼ԶʱڨڨɶҲ˵ɵ
ϣɵĽ޶ʱˣ˭˵ģһ
īһȺֹƧֹŹֵĹ̥
Ѱ˼ԼӮīӶսԣʤҲûʲôִⷴʡڻϵʧ󣬡û뵽ƾʵսУ˾ޣʶٿȻȷֲΪ޴Ͷж㣬Ƕʶ̫ˣһץסѱ
ǲݻ׵ʿƷǻױ֮ˡ
˻ܶķΧ󡢹㣬ٶֿ죬Ѱ˼ʶ˾޴ģԽǾϸĶĵʶԽԺܿı㽫Ѱ˼Ĺˡ
ֱΪʶ׵ģܡ
ϣʿҲʹչ˼ҵۣ˿ҲѶԸȻֲʵԡ
ѣ㵱ÿ˶ˣҲڻ׵ǿ󹥻£ģ˵ģȥʮغ϶Ų㣬ǿҵĹȴǿµģͨʿмܡ
սҲÿûǸ£󵽵˭ȱһ


̨
Ѱ˼һźԼ⽾ƾ׵ܣվǰգգۣûпǹĻһֲٿط
ԣѰ˼̧ͷĿĶţ
ա
۹⻹ǺСīʵʱһأī˶֪ʢ
ʶĻֶٿذ˵
Ѱ˼ԶʱĬֶٿء
īڲҲΪ仰˼
԰ѻ˵ˣ˫ֵĸʶ󣬿˫ֲٿҲʶٿؼ򵥣Ҫʶ̫ˡң˲ڻڲ
һʼͲڻĻҪûôˡ˵
Ѱ˼۾һ⣡
īڲҲһƬģΪʦǰϲˣϻ۳˼룬һéٿˣ˭ϲ
Ҹоڳк뷨
Ͼȥһ̨˽ڲ˫ֲٿصĻˣ


տѰ˼˫˵ȴȻͷеһΣˡ
ٶ죬ɽ翪Ƽˣ
Ѿȥòʾ졣
ôƫ̻㣬زҲ̫ˣ
֮ͣճĶǰѰ˼˵ԵģԸ
Ѱ˼͸˸Ѫһ㣬ܣһȥͰƾ죡ȫµ뷨
һڵĻĹۿֱīǡ
̨Ϸϯ
߿棬Сﲻ˰īԺҪˡ
ƾ׵ǿȱݵȷʵǿ󣬻е˵ĺôʹսݣܹ޷ĺܶΣ顣
Сļ仰ȴЩȱݶΪƣīܹģƾףսУīսƱܹͬն
īǷСһ鰡Ŷī˵һ㡣
īЦǺǵԺīͣ˵ԸīԸ
Ƿµĺֹһ飬֮ʣīǰδеԤУīδƱزֹˣҲǽᴴһǰδУǰδ̤硣
īŵ仰ֱͨʿ֪
ϣʿ𾪣īźôŵ
Ժ⣬˸ǣ
ûī仰Ҳû˸𣿲˵ǿ̬ĽΪʦҲû˸
ǰ¹Ժ˺ʥ˴ԨԴϵǳŵҲӲ
ջ֮ɽ˴һƷʯ
۵ļҵʿ
ô£


146 ᣨʮߣ
ʮ壬, ʣµλֱڹ, , ҩȰ³
Ǿĵڶ
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ĿһĻʿʱҲһ, ⻰ö죿
簡ʲô飿
ˢɫѸٵĺˡ
ǩ̨ǰ
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ԣ³Ҳ, ˦һ, ҪСңȻߵһ, һŽվţˡ
ܿ, ǩʼˡ
Ļ, һս, ֪˭, 鵽սǩأϵʿҲ濴ųǩ
ܿĳǩˡ
һģ


˿ǩˡ
ǩ̨ǰҲһ±ƵĿеսǩ
ôõ
ԵλҲĿ
վǰĸųǩɽʦҲһЦݵĹϲ˵ʦãս
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նǰɽʦЦЦȻ󻷹һȦ˵Ҹұ֤γǩĽĻ
һȺ˵ǲɽƫ̻µӹֿյʿǣҲ׷ˣ˵ˡ
ɽʦҲЦˣǴӲ˽ǩλ飬ֻҪͬ࣬س顣
ԣҩȰ³˵Ҫس飬ǿ飿
ڹп޵˵㡣
ŵЦЦ˵ð
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գӴˡ
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ᱻġ
û£һս˵


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ս
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յڶģڵĹͷŵ顣
ǿǹ飬ǿ
ںͷţ
ҲǿĿ£δܽվ


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֮󣬰³ɫ䣬Ϣбᣬ˹ȥסȥ·
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ŶҲҪǩİɣʿһĻ˳˵
ȻҪģϵļʻЩܱδ󡣡
һأ


֮ܶ³Ͱɡ
ӭˣվ
վǳǩ˳Ͷ֣һսܵˣҪٽһֱʤ
ػ˭óսأò˰ɣ۵
ǩ
˵ҡŵսǩЦ
նǰڹ˵˵ѣָˡ
һۣɫš
սתȥԵʱͣ˽Ųˣ͡
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տۣȻƸеĪ˵л
ЦЦδ˵ʲôֻ˵˾䣬Һڴ㽻֡ת뿪ȥˡ
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ŽǰĹŶս
ߴӢͦĹһ˫⣬Ŀǰգͳ񣬡ҵóա
Ŀɻ
ȱұܡáһ䡣
ջȻ˵ղҵʦֺʦҲչࡣ
ԣɵǶ˵İԶʤ
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׵ĽĽ棬Ѹٵıŷ̨׶ҵĲһӰѸٵ̨Ͻսֺֽܿٴ
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ҵıײڶ
Хྪġ
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ԣգǹȫԸޱһս
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սף
ݣͣ
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йۿһɱʿǣĬˡ
ⲢǼʤ֮Ƕݵս
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ΪУ̨УΪ˴˵ս
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գǹ˺ۡ
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ˣ˻ˡ
ǲҪ
̨ϵĻѪصĶˣ̺䳤ϲɵ˵ҪҲҪĴ򷨡
Եջ֮ݱüĿɭ·̨ޱ飬°ͽš
һڣ˴ɱ⸱ģ棬ѳԤϡ
ڿʼ֮ǰû뵽ǻܾˡ
ӮˣҲֻǲʤѡ
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ĿһĻʱ¶˴ţȴûһ˽仰˵ڣǵɤӷ·𱻶סһ㣬ֻĿһɱ
ΪǶףûֹܹǣͣⳡսӿʼҲ޷ֱ֮ͣһ˵¡
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˭ⳡսɱɣ
˭Ҳãͣɣ
ͣ֡
Ļ
ֱͣݡ
պ͹һµĹʶڴ֮ǰ˭֣ͣ䡣
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˹һһɳȥ˶ʮߣſһѪ
Խס棬֧˺۵壬ͷ˿ӣϢ̨ϣֻеδδδ𡭡ϵ¶ĲڶǶĵѪ
˶Ŀⶢעⳡɱ𣿻վܼս
𡭡
ⳡɱ
ãõ˺ͣͣԽ֧µղ̧ͷɫ԰ûһ˿Ѫɫ۾ȴģ쳣ˣ·ϵĽյӳ˫УĿֱǰͦվĹЦˡ
ǸЦݣͬǻŵĳɫˣѪΣգģˡ
ЦʿȻѻ񣬡
ôˣ
ѵ·磬ˣ
ʿתͷǰվŵĹȥȴǰһѪȻȥءһײ档
ֻǰһۣɼǡ
ʿȻǡʲôʱܵˣ
˻ˣֵ
տǰȻصĹץŽ֧Լվֲȥ˴ߵѪ¶˵ЦݣȾѪĴԽ죬罿޵ĺõ廨꣬һţѡ
ʱ򣬴Ҫ۵ġ
ǱȥЩ۱Ե΢ˡ
ǰһеܶǰС
ԣǶôѵһ鰡
ˣӦĴмϧĻÿһ졣
һ֮һεˣĲ׺

ʤܡ


147 ᣨʮˣ
һս󣬹˻, ̧ȥ
յ಻ض, վ̨, ѪȾ˽̨ۣɽʦǰѯʦɻܼ
ްֲ˴ߵѪҰʱƱɡ
ɽʦԱʾ֪ˣתȥˡ
ձȡҩ, ͵شơ
ʿһˮǣˣ
Ӳݣ
ʲôˡ


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һ仰˺Ƣ
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ʿԸƣϹ
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ģ˭㣬ֲҪĴ򷨣ܾ֮ˣôıںʤأȴݳ
ʿԣһʱ
ԭΪֺݣ˲飬ȴǹ
ҲʱССŮ֮󣬵һʱ
֮ϲ˵Ҳ֪ƣڽĶսӰ죿
ӰȻеģ˿Ӱж
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ʱȥۣ˴ݣվһͦβİվ̨ϣɳ
ɫҲЩŲ񷽲ǰ԰ѪɫϢƽɫƽǲһ˿ɲѪȾĽۣŸվһս
ָҲǾˡʿ̨գ̾
˵ָˣ˵־ˡ
ǰصܰʱͻָãǿ־ǿš
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ڿǿƺˡ
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Ŀ⿴ҲЦ£á
ԶʱЦˣ룬ҲöãɵտƴһˣʵҲɵɵӲ裬أ
ΪǰǸɵӣԵŻãȳһȺ°ŮޣҵˣһǾмġ
ãлշˡ˵
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δӽֻͣǵȴⳡͷȾһ𡣡
ϣã˵չ˶˵ĵܵã
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ңңҲõģҪҪչң
ʿ仰˳˼
Զǧ֮ǡ
¬װٺǵܵܣ
ӵֹĬǵĽҴֻеܵܡ
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̨
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տг亮ȸͻȻоеɱеò֣ͷһ˸еǶɫʯɱĻ߳ܡ
ɱ֪ˣ
ֳӻҪģ治ɫγǶźɫʯɱ˴ͽ̡
룡
պͬʱνѸٳǰһ
Ӱ⡣
ײֲֿһ

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ճֽյһԳ壬Ӳӵϴǿײһ飬ǿ
Ž͵ǰݺݶľ룬Ѹٵĺʮߡ
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յжϣǿᣬԶԿԿսʵڲǡ
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Ƿŵ
ţԷţ̷
ᷨ
ң̷ͣ
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ǷһϣľѡߣΪֲľ磡
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ϣյǰ£׹⣬Ϲ׵˻谵ա
ŭ̷졣
ͷֱǰһеӳŵ׹⣬ս覵Ů׶һ飬޷쵶׹⡣
սݻٵĴŮӳźɽɫͷŻڣȹվˮϡ
ˮ浴ѸɢȾʺ졣
ˮ滯ΪѪɫ֮
Ůǰ׵磬γ˽
γ
һǰӳӿܻ޾ǿգؾ㰵̫̫ת
ǳޱߣ޾
ս֮ա
׹뵶⣬޾ǺУڡ
ͣ޷ǰС
Ǻӣ׺һڣΨƬǿա
̨ϡ
ػָ׹ɢȥǺӰ
յĽǰǰĵȴࡣ
ǿգĿ⿴¶̺Цݣ
⽣Ӱǿһ˲תƣɡ


148 ᣨʮţ
ʱѾˡ
, ߿Űӵȱ, ϲе, ˡ
ȥ
ü˵
ȱ
ȱһŵı鿴磬һһҹ, ҵģ
һҹ
üͷĿ⿴޿˵ҴϳԶ
˵, һı顣
Ŷ˵ʦ̽ȱ˵㲻𣿺ܺóԵģȫˡ
͵̧, ۹, һһ˵˵˭ģ
ʦðȱ˵, , ô˰, ʹ
ڴһҵﱻ
Լұһһٱȱ, , ôްˡ
վĿ俴˵
ʲô
̽
Ҷء
ʣµأ
㲻ǲ𣿡
Һʱ˵Ҳˣ

ȱĽһӵݸһˡ
ˣĵ˵㲻ǲ𣿡
Ƴһۣδ˵ùһװֵĹӣڿҧһʱһŨĹζζڿǻӿζ١
ζʵüͷ
һԵȱ״ʱֻĳЦģҪǿ
δڵİʣµĹӿȫˣԱߵȱĿɿڴҵĸ硣
󣬹̧ͷĿ⿴˵´ˣ㵱ҡ
ܽѵ𣿡ȱһΪҵı˵
˻ԣҪܽѣҶˣ
ȱŹߵһǰ£ϵĲ˱Ũ˺üʱ˳ǣαǣ
֮սʤ˷ŵˣÿס޷ս˲սʤõڶȱ˵֮顣
šһʾ֪ˡ
ȱɫϲκźʧɫ˿ҲǵģαشףʦôصˣҿӮˡ
ˣõһΡ
ɫ˶٣Ȼ˵ᡣ
ⲻ᲻⣬ʦ˺Ȼ㣬ǡȱǰһȫûʶڵģ¶ʱˡ
Ϲ˼Ҫһˣ
ûˣ˰ɡ
׼¡̧ͷĿ⿴ǰȱ˵
ȱ
˵õȥ˺Ⱦơ˵
˭˵ˣȱ޿̲סˣȫһ˵Ի˸ûӦ𣿡
οҲ޿պȾơ
ɻʵΪΣ
ʦͷŵһȾءȱ˵һǾԼͬȥˡ

˵õĺҺȾƵ
İ

ݡ
顢úȾƣһϮˮɫȹǳˮܽذ㽿ԣ˳һ˫ˮһգգעǰգճȥʱ򣬱СŴ¶˸ɬǳЦ
Цգ¸пجΣجһ죬߳ȥӭӵĳ磬ֻЩԶ޷߳ǼСղĺظŹجΣЩѡ߳ȥ
ܹ߳ȥʵ̫ˡ
ΪûģֻҪһ˵õ˰ȣǾмֵġ֮˶ٷڦֵõġ
ţҲ¶ûһ˿ЦݣϵЦһ£ȻһӲõЦݡ
մȡһɵİƴ̴ľУ͵ǰ˵͸㡣
Ǿȣ󾪻ţС˵û׼񡣡
ް˵Ȼϵ÷ǲ⣬罫㷢Ǹ÷ҡ
Եģ
˵Ȼ£ȡ˷ϵ÷ݸǰա
ȡ˽˳ƽе̴ľзŵУ
ͷе̴ľУϵıЩ㶡
򿪿һ𣿡տЦʵ
С´Ȼ򿪣Ȼסˡ
ڷŵһ׵ϸӣ׹һСС񽣡
ð֮˺񽣣ģӲĴһƬȣ̧ĿƵǰգллҺϲ
ҲϲնЦ
Աߵ鿴ӶЦˣҲɵص¶΢ЦмյԭԭŮѡ
֮£λҵĴС㣬㱰ӵ˲ݡ
׷Ѫŵĺ£ɽֽͬ鵱׷Ѫ޽ؾݵķʿ֮һе˭Ҳյľٶ츣˶޹Ůޡ
ЩֶβѪɱɣǲݵģƽʱڳºɱĴ죬ЩĹ֣ȴܺߵӢۼʣ˲ǴǶ
鿴ǰղɵظп˵ɽɵӣҷš
⼵˵ɱɱʵ̫ʺǷˡ
̧
ôҲ
һβҪִõĻġ
죬ɽɴȥˣҷšɫŵţλ
ա
ԸӺͿˣǡǽţ
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µӵǽǣ˵⻰ҷɽűúӶˡ
ԲΪ⣬ֻǵǽŵĿϮ
ɽŵЦˣˣˣģίģǷ۰Ͱ͵ܹ˵Ҳĺ󻼡
պ顢ú֮󣬸뿪
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ա
ô룬ֻһ˰
ɸǺá
յʱ򣬴Ҷμͻµ
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նýĿ֮󣬴ҶԪӤĿףʵǰ˵ġʦ˫˫ǰסĻ
˵õ𣿡ʱһͷı飬߸ޱ˵
ʲô߸²ʵ
ǽ߸ȥȾףˣ˵
ǻ˭ʦȾˣʵ
Ȼձָڹˣ¹Ժʦ֣ҩȰ׵ѡ
һԵμզ࣬Ŀʵпʦ⽻е㰡
㶼˰
أһͷ۵ı飬Ӧ˭ãѵҪȫܾ
Ҳá
Ҷףȫ
˰죬Ȼԣ
Ǿ죡˵ŴҶЦ绨ʦа취
ҶЦЦԲسʦá
ҵ¡˵ȥǻظȻ
Ϊܷ㣬ֱȺһлԶҺȾ֮ҹ¥ϯȣʱλǰ
Ϣ֮
ʦ˻ˣ
˻Ϣˡ
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149 ᣨʮ
ĵط¥ĺˮ鿡
ҹǳ, մһϮɫȹ, վˮǰĲƺӭ, һǰڵĹȱˡ
ˡ߽˶˵
ʦáȱЦеĺкϲ
۾Ŀʦ̫ˣСҾһҪұ簴ڵϱһֱ飡
վԱߵĹԣĿƳһۡ
治ɫ˵˵ѳˡ
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ա
Ϳһ£λ˵ѻһһ۽ĺܡ
ɡкǽȥ˵
ȡһµĻƻľ͵ǰ˵񡣡
Ŀ, Ȼֽӹл
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տһ֣Ц, λ˵Ҳǿȥ롣
ڶǰҩȵİ³, һϮİ³ɫ, ˡ
ǰһС̴ľеݸ, 񡣡
лû뵽Ż, ²¡
Ȱ³ȥ֮, մ˺, ֻڷƿҩʱЦˣ³ҲȣǸˡ
գ
̧ȥǰũʹغӭ
ƺЩ𣿡еʵ
¡ЦЦ˵δȫȬҲ޶ϵ
˿˱á
һԵǶ˵ŮҪԼҪôƴ
㣬һ˵еһľеݸ
ֽӹ򿪣ֻͷڷһǧΣǳ£Ȼ̧ͷǰغ껣˵л
˵ЩʲôĿ⿴ǰס
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ޡѰ˼̺ǵ
ա
ô£
ôһһģ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôĪһϢĸоϵı̣Ц𽥽Ӳ
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պܿ췴Ӧ˵ûʲôȽȥɡ
ٵغ˽ȥˣȻһ£ǰʷʫĴѡ
һڣĿ⿴ǰˣȭؿ϶Լ˵Ҫǿ
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Ŀͬʱ
ա
βɵصһҡΣĳ̼ǣܿɫĶǰλУеɽʦչ
ǰ̽Եʵ
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ɽЦ˵ȾƵ𣿡
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仰¶ʱеʱĿ⳯޿ȥʡ
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ա
ˣ׷ʲô
칤ʦɫʱڵҸ
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Ҫ򿪿𣿡칤ʦĨЦ⣬԰׿ӸΪЩ
š
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㡭̧ǰĿڴ칤ʦˡ
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鷳칤ʦ˵ϲá
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վŵīѰ˼ձõɫɰһʦڴܸһˣܺˣʵ̫ˣ
Ѱ˼ǻӸпΪһ仰Ϣʦ
Աߵİ¹Ժɽ״¶ʱһʧˣû뵽ī칤һ￴ŲģҲܸɳС￪ĵΪ
칤ʵڷģ֮еòˡɽЦп˵ͼעߡ
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ɽʱó׼õ͵ǰ˵ֻһЩϲĸѣҵĹ𻨸Ψа¹ǷС
˵Ȼһֻ˵뵱ҶˣѧϿ֮һһ𻨸һС
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Աߵ칤ʦͬջ̧֮
ա
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̧ͷĿ⿴ǰջ֮
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ҲǡǸꡣ
տջ֮ϵɫɵػ㱣һ˲ЩֲʱͿռ䣬㱼ǻصǷأǸʻվǰ

ջ֮Ǳ㷢Ȼɫ˻㱳еա
ǰջֻ֮һСС͵ǰ
յͷеӣһ÷Ӿƣһ̶⣬һǡ

Щһ˲䣬ղɵۿһᣬʹĲգۣûԼ¶˲ԡ
ţлû̧ͷ΢ͷֽӹе
ȥɡ
кǽȥ
ջ֮Զĸһ˫˪ʼ׷
ˮС
ڵѾǺֵģ˲٣ʮأȴûһ˿졣
ڰˡ
һݣûȥ˻лˣΪǹϢķΧ
ա
Ŀ⳯ˮ￴һۣһ⣬Ǿǣ֪ǲɺϵԭ򣬻ǣ
¹Ժɽī칤ʦһ𣬵˵Ա߸Զճһλͷ·ûԸһ㣬ղɵ˳˼ɽСīǿ𣿡
߽֮ˮڰԵˢˢתͷ
һѯʵһʡƩҶĿѯʵĿգô£ʲô
ա
˵Ҳ֪ô
ƿ߲ҶĿ⣬˵ʵһ±ƣţ޴
Ʃȱö˻껣ߣû˵¹Ժɽī칤ʦЩǻ
ա
ҲܾҲ֪ǻ
ˣѲܸ߲ɣ
һʱ䣬ϢĳɷֹŨˡ
ջ߽֮֮󣬱վ󲻶ˣһվһ״򲻶Ų
ա
һֱʲôֲͽܣ
ᣬתɻ󣬳Ȼ˸Ķ˵չ
ջ֮ûֻĿ⿴
ա
ǰϯŵİ¹ԺɽЦ˵գ㲻ع㣬°ɡ
תͷȥɽĿЦĿԵ칤ʦҲ̧ˮһգգ·ڴʲô
ա
Բۣ
˲׹ˣζʲô
ȻϢˣȡ
˭Ⱦң


150 ᣨʮһ
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ղɵصһ, ǰǺл
Ŀⶢǰĸλĸѡ񣬵ϺԥŴҶǱȥ, ԵĿλһߵĻ³˳˵ʦãԱߡ
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, 
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ա
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ա
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ɹһ̺֮ߵԱߣڻԵǸλˡ
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ֻεЦЦ˵̳ϵ澡Ρ
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Աߵ칤ʦҲתͷԵѰ˼δ˵ĬǴ
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ա
ôͣ
ô͵壡
û취Ҳֻװ͡ͼװûǵı飬ӲͷƤк˵Ⱦƣؿȣ͡



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ա
˽Ӷ׷׸ǣҲܾ֪ܲǹҽô죿
Ҳֻװʲô֪ŴӦ
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ͷΣҲˡ
޺Ѱ˼Ҳˡ
ա
ҲֻĿ뿪ܶ˵ʲôҪ΢Ц뿪
˭֪Ŀ࣡
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Ե칤ʦһŲ԰׿ӣĬĺžơ
ա
ܾǷ·ڰʾʲô
Եջ֮תͷ纮˪רעĿؿ˵𣿡
תͷĿ⿴ʶ˾䣬ʲô
ջ֮ںڵ۽ë£Ҹģ

ð֮󣬡áղԼü˵
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ζ
һģһ
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ϵıƽ䵭Ҳûһ˿˷·˲ȥһ㡣
ջ֮գ˾䣬ʦ𡣡
յĶʱһ٣ð֮ػعͷĿ⿴
ԴһϮջ֮пĽıĽ
ôһ˲䣬ֲ壬
ͷ·Ľڵջ֮غһ


151 ᣨʮ
뿪ʱ, ˶, ˵ܹ뿪ף
գ̫ˣ
һ㶼ȥ, ȫ
´پٰ칦磬ǹ
ɫãǳ˸
Ǵ¶飬̤¹ĵ·ס, ҶԶĸ󣬻ȥ
ȵͥԺ⣬ͣ½Ų, תͷĴҶ˵ҵˣʦ֡
šҶ˵
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ҶĿⶨĿ, Ȼջ, ΢΢ʦúϢҲˡ
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վԭã뿪Ӱ˿ʦʲôû̫ˣʦһֱôأδʹһѿʵĻ
ܾʦ֣ȱ˵ʲô
üͷãȴδʲôֻýУתԺ䡣
ա
ǹ㳡̨ϡ
ĵԲձΣصǰ䲼
ա顢λˣΪ˳վһţվм䡣
ǵǰվŵԪӤǰʮǰʮ
ɽЦݵĿǣ˵λڶӱǰéӢ˲š
ÿǰʮѡֽԿɻýؾ֮еĻᣬؾһ꣬һաȿɽصһꡣ
ɽһ֣Կͨؾ֮صͨյǰؾ֮ء
ֻǰһ׹Ŀò۾֮һתʧأȵ˫Ų˵ʱ򣬸оָ糣ˣŸۡ
۾һձ㿴һ޴˱ɫۡǰľ󣬲ɵطһ󾪺ֹһ޴ıɫһ޴֮ء
ĸλֱչˮľϵλӵ֮أ֮֮صλڣĻĵ㡣
˵ص൱ʮڴ˵һǧտٴһ꣡
һĽʵڣ̫ʵˣ
ֱΪ
ղȱҲȱᴿʣǷȱʱۻΪĺ򵥴ֱҲЧġ
һ⴦أϲЦտ
ֱϥ£۴Ѹ붨ץʱ
ĹǧиϿòͣһǿľˢѹѹϵѹԴᴿԼʹҴﵽؿǿĿġ
ʹýҪķʮܽ׵ͬȵΪķѵʱ䡢ѪѰʿʮҪǿĺרע
ЩԶʮึ޿ʹý޵սԶͬףԽ׶սͽ޼ƽΪû壬Ǿ˲ɴ𵤣𵤿սԪӤ
ṩԶʮʡȴռ󹦷ʱ䣬һˢؿϵѹѹ£ϵĻܡ


ֱ޷һ˿һﵽٽ㣬㷢
䡪
谭ƿһЩӴ谭˳ӿȥϸСͬϸջ۳󺣡
յΪͻƽڣֱڡ
ԪӤżֻҪ룬ʱɽӤľѾ㹻ĥΪﵽʱͻƽӤ
սǵΪӲѹȥڱԪӤʱ
ǲֹڶɢȥֱΪȹڽ𵤺ڣб仯ͣУ˫Ŀ
ȥΪûѹˣֻǰСĿɨܵ޴ֻо´ЩɫġɫġɫġȻɫġɫ
ǶôҫۣĿ
ôġֵǮ
ȫǮ
ĶĶ
ҪӵУ
ġʯһ飡
ոоҪ޷ԼˣĿһɨûˣǲǿԡ
Ҳû˿˵Ҳû涨ڣԲԣ
û涨
գĵаѹסǺ͵£ߡѡվߵһ龧ǰִɫˮϵڣȻתָֻ֣ɸʹһףû
Ȼûղаٴһ˿
ա
ˡ
εǣǹ㳡ϣ̨ϷĹϯŵĸɵߣ


Լͨʵֱͼʯоʿ
һĳĬ֮󣬡̫ˣôôأôܹͼʯѵȱʯ𣡡ʿ׷׶յĿʯĲΪǴ𣬡ʿľɽһʯ
ǣȱʯһ򹻲һ򣡡
ʵʮʯߣ


ϣɽӭһʯ͵ĸ߷壬ʿֱȥˣ׷׿ңմʾ޶ʯҷ׷׷˷߿˲Ҫȥǽˣʵ̫ˣһ޵ˣȻ䵽ǽʯĵز˼䱯¡
գ
֮ܶǼŬͼ龧ϿʯգȻ֪ԼһһȫʿӶˣһһҹˣɡ
ڼֲиһһĿǽڡ
̨ϷĹϯϣߣһĻҲĳĬ
һʱεĳĬš
ɽŶپ޹⣬תͷޱĶǰĻǺӣС˵˵Щʲô
˵ʲôǺӷʵȻЦˣ˵ͽܣǼ⣬ֻһ龧жӲʵ𣿡
ɽš
ȡջһԵİ¹Ժɽ治ɫ˵νʦͽᡭ
ָ˵ȻתͷԱߵǺӣζǲӦ÷ʡ£
Ǻӡ
ҷʡ
ƫģޱˣ
ǺӵЦһҿɴδ̹ĸҰʦѧİɡ


152 ᣨʮ
ɽǵЦݶʱЩֲܷǺ仰, ܽ, ǽǶԺĽӲ֮, ʱתƻ⣬Ŀ⿴ǰĻ˵û
ǺЦܣǾƢ, Ĳݡ
һԵҩȹȣڰɣΪʯ
ǺӰ˰۵, ֪ͽڡ
һȺ˱ĶǰĻʲôʱ
ؾ֮صղаβĿ龧ϵʯ, Ҳû¸, һأ

շµ龧Щɶ, ϷʱˣʹŬĿʯ
ɽš
龧ϳֵѺ, ɽŶʱƤһ, ȥ, һ, صҪˡϣɽؾ֮صԿֱӰմؾ֮˳
Ŭ龧ڸоһҪһգ۾ͻص̨ϵա
ʲôôֻˣ
վ̨ϣϱһã
ϡ
һġ
Ǳ𣿡
ǵı龧𣿡
Ҫ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣǼʯ𣿿پͿ£
̫ˣΪʯܹ˵θ𣿡


֪ʲôһãȻվ̨ϣ̨ɽʦʱ˹ʦá
ʦ֡տ˵ؾеʱ䲻ǻδ
ǻδɽʦһεɫ˵ʦΥˣԡ
ա
ΥˣΥʲô涨ˣ
ɽʦίؾ֮ڵǲܶģһʯӶ١
ա
Ϊ⣡
ܶǵ˵նʱί˵˵ˣҲȥ
ɽʦ֡
Ҳû뵽ȥ
ǰδȥɽʦֻ˵
Ҳȥܲٽͻȥ˵
֣һֱϹ۵ɽŶʱ˵ؾ֮ͽͳģ
ûί˵
ɽŶʱҭһ£ͣһ£˵ȻˣͲܹٽȥˡ
㲻Ѿ𣿡Ż˼ٽȥҲ޶壬ؾ㻹ٴһ£αͷ˷ʱ䣬ȴһʱ
һʱؾ֮бˣصص˶ᱻͳ
ҿô˰ߵ龧Χҿİֱ׳˵
ɽš
˵ĺеңҲܿġϵʿֹЦˣûˡ
֮˾ͲٽȥˣɽǿӲ˵Ȼʡٱа˵ƽȥ
аɣ㬱죬ȥͲȥͿϧǿһͱʯô֮أһҲã
ź̾˿Ȼ̨ȥ
ź̾ɽţ⻹ίˣҲɵʲô飡
ȱʯ𣡣
ɽһ˲䷢˺ʿһķ߿޲ҲͳʮʯϣϢ
Ȼ֪һַʽʵ˴ʯ˵գŲɫɵĴ̨ȥȻҲһҪַʽʵ־ˡ
̨֮ɽɵӵվλ򣬡棿ôңֵĶǰĻºμʵܵɽɵǷ׷һֹ΢Ŀ⿴
¡
Ҹλشأ˵Ǹ˵ʦ̫ˣǸ˵
̫ˣ
ջμίʣһۡ
ա
պĴʶĿٵһ飬ȻɫѸٵĺˣô߷߲ƽ˵
һԵĻԵͷͬǣȺôʯʦ㣬ʦȱʯ𣿡
һʮҲң˵֪Ҹʧȥʲôһ龧ɽһɽȫ龧Ҫʯ㣬ǿǼʮϰʯһʮģֲܹô
̫ˣȱٵһʯ𣿲˵ʯ
¡
áòҪ
浥Ļ±յĺ޳ܸˣһĿɿڴı鿴ǰֱ׳գ΢ͣ˵־úûﲻԣ
һԵμ浹¶ˡȻˡɫһϵǸʲôУˡһɷʵﶼǺڵģսƻرСۡ
ϵ½ˣ⡣
ջ֮ɽСŮһƷʯ
ջ֮ɽСŮһƷʯ
ջ֮ɽСŮһƷʯ


ʿ
СŮ
Ǹʲôƺţ
ǵǲָ˴ʯˣϾλʱʱĳϵڸֵֹʱ˴ʯһ־ǰʯ𣬼ֲˡǣСŮʿᱻͻȻıĳƺŸˡ
˲аȥմһʯȻյҳƮǡ¹ԺƸɽ˴һƷʯ
ʿ
⵽ô£
ˣȥʹˡ˵īͷظ˵Ǵʹﵽĳ֮ӵеȨޣԶרƺš
ʿԶʱըˣһʱ֮䲻֪ǸֵǶ٣Ǹ˵ԭǡСŮ𣿡
ɵŮޱΪСŮû𣿡
ʳ㣬һԵܲɣûйŮɣҲʡʡԼ
ǸֵǶأ
Ȼ˵һ֣϶ʱһƬģۡǸӵ˲Ǯ
ѹҳˣûˡ
ôʯ˻ȥʲô龧ڰ
˵Ĳڣ˵ľǶȷܱȵ𣿡


Ҳˣԭջ֮ôʯ𣡣
˵īĵҲͷأĻʹʦƶģһʼҲûʲôֻǸ˴ŵȤС⣬˭뵽ʿȻԴԣرĳλǮĹһ˵ĴͱֵһɵȫʯˣһȻ޿
īΪܺķ˴ʺһ޴ϴ洢ͿռվֱӿͨīǧﴫߴʣΪռվǲŻӴгȡһķѣѪ
ԭΪҪķѺܳһʱܹ׬شռվķѵ̶һ¾ͻرˣǻǵ͹ʿڸϲѡִ͵顣
ʿкãīȡһķѲ飬İáպ˵Ĵͼռһ룬رպʵһ鲢ʲôء
Ȼ޿һҲȻ޿ī;ʾ޿õЩˣǲãҲ԰ϾǱʾ޿
ɸǺأ
רƳƺڻߵģǮûǮ͵Ҫֺµģάֳߡ
īĳһ뷨̫ˡ
ī칤ʦɽһƷʯ
ī칤ʦɽһƷʯ
ī칤ʦɽһƷʯ



ī칤ʦɽŮһƷʯ
Թʿ
ŵϵĹ϶ˡ
գ
Сīڸʲô
ʱôص𣿵ȵȡСīʲôʱʱģ


153 ᣨʮģ
ֻýڴǮǮǮ档ҪпĹͨ, ׬Ǯ츳, ʦͨѧ˿ͨVIP, һǲǾҪѻԱˣ
һʱ֮󣬽ؾ֮е˶̨ɨһǣкüΪٽ㣬ʱͻƽ඼һѹΪѹΪΪ֮ս, սһ㶼˶飬ԱΪǴõģһʱͻƾͲŶӵϺϡ
մǵʱ, ЩշصʿҲĿĿڲԭôûأƤǶһȺ˵Ŀ⣬ɫ糣, ·
ջǴҶߵ, ˾, ô£
ܺ˵ʵֻúǷһЩ, , ǰˡ
Ҷһ, ֪û˵ǰ, һ̫˵Ҳδʡ
²ʿӽԿǰɵĹѫãûֶһʽɽŸȫպʼŶ
ŵմ˸ɢȥ
˪ºڷİ³ߵǰ˵սٽ֡
տЦһҩսţڴһս
³һۣȻתȥ
ʦáֻһĴҶؿڵϲʲôƺţ
תͷ
Ϊʵ
ûʲôҶ˵ȻеֻʦýҪȥʲô
תƻ˵
Ҳûʲô飬ȥݺȲɣ¡˵ʦȥȥ
ȥ
Уϻʦáʦһɡ


ǣһڲݷµһ硣
ʱֵսĻڼ㣬ҩ裬û˰ɡ
գһ硣
ձȥɽɵĹѫãȥĺ磬ǹѫǰвٵĸʿڶһ֣кöףǽսĲߣĶһ⣬սʼڼսǰȡһЩõϵʡսظս߳Ĵȷʤһ֤
ڹѫǰͬǰһֵ̣̿ס˽ŲСɵӱһǲ˵ģ
ȴѾϰ⸱ֿǿһ㶼ӰȥѰĺкʦ㣬ɣҲһְ
š
̲֮ŸӦĿⶢǰãõԼüͷ΢΢ˡ
ա
ɻĿͬѰĳĬӦе֣ʲôʱһըһȼը˵ʦ㾹˰ˣ
̱ˣϸ߳ŭı飬һ˦һ䣬ҵţ
Ȼתȥˡ
һ£ȻŷӦʱЦˣԭǲ˼˰
˽̵ƢԵģһֱΪ֣һֱҪѹһͷڴ˴ĸУն˽ĿףֹǰʮǾ޹߳ǰӲԲŻ˷ģ
ǣʤ˱ҳ£ʤһһζ㲻ʲôͬĶ֣һӮһҲܾˡҪһֱӮްܼ
ʦ㻹ƤЩɶ˼ġչ˵ͷ
̡
ģͺ

ս빦ѫãѫõʦֿЦʦÿǰһʵġ
š˵Ȼ󱨳һ鵤ҩݡزԼ׵ơ
ѫõʦզ࣬°ĿףƴֵģЩһӴĻ֣ȫǰλ޶ʦԼһһֵĴģһ־һͷ
ѸٵĻȻ˵ʦõĻֵǹˣֻ⼸׼ֵʦõо磬Ƕʦõ洦󡣡
ֹ֮ôֲ󣬶һ˷ѣ绻ЩʵڵزġйǰģΪ󺱼ÿʲô˶ԣһЩȱйʿƩɢ޶ԣֵõģٹҲֵãǰλʦȱйˣ״ӣе߽׵Ĺ
лʦ㣬⼸Ҳȥӳο֮á˵ֶһֽɣҪȡټ֮ʶеĽʺǿĽȡ׶̡ܹĽ׽֮
ѫʦһЦһδٶȰǰλʦòĿɲֻϣԺ;ҲܱȵģƽϽ׵ʧʱʦñѿԶ㡣
ˣʦãЩ㷽һĶѫʦֽһ˵Ļȫһꡣ
šֽӹʾ֪Ȼֵˣʦ㽫ʦܵĻҲһɡ
˵գ㽫˳ʱһ信ͦ޳޳ԣ޹ʵĴվһ𣬶ʱԣѫöԵøû·ڽ̻Ի͵¥ڡ
ѫʦĿ⿴ǰ죬ʱһ£ܿĵ˹ɫ˵ãʦ뻻Щʲô
̲ݣˮ챡̲űѩ÷ϢԽ
ѫʦֶܿĽҪĶ׼ãȻ󽫴죬ʦҪĶ
л˵Ȼֽӹ
ûһ˿¶ȵָⴥϹѫʦֵָʱ򣬹ѫʦĪĴ˸ֿ䰡
ѫʦֿգʵʦҲҪŶ𣿡
԰ûʲôģճϵ
ѫʦ֡
ȼҲܲ𣡣
˵һˣʵʦһˣĻԭսǱˣʦһ˿ˣǺܼܴ󣿹ѫʦ˰ʦһˣĶֿɻˣĵ壬
ѫʦֿǰնʱ¶ԥֹҪȰ˵ȴ־òʱˣջʲôҲû˵ֻǵǾףʦ쿪ʤˡ
ʦּԡնЦ
ӹѫöһ֮ձתȥսııǷֿģֻڱʼǰ췽ܿʼ
Ӵʦ֣㰡տűǰŵλʦ֣ЦŴкɲսıǡϴθʱλʦ֡
λɽʦֿնʱ¶һ޿ı飬λʦʵǡ̫ˣڿһ£ʶľܾҪʲô۶
տڣλʦֿԸŵһԲĮ죬˵ʦҲҪǰɣ
ǰ¶ĵЦݵʦ㲻ʦܣɣ
ᡣɽʦֳ˳Ƥ˵Ѿʾţ˵ɡ
ҿȼ֮ϴ֮ȥʾˣϵˣǰգµĺһʦýֱϡ
Ȼձ㱨˴Ҷμͻµɽʦַɿ£ĩ̧ͷ˵Ϊָ飬ûж鶼Ҫȡʦÿȡ
Բ죬Ҫȡɲ֪Ȳ׼Ҳû취ֳֻȡˣ뵽϶ʱ¶һ˷̬ܵ£Цݣˣȡְɡ
žડһǰλɽʦϵıʶʱȥæּ˵ıʣ̧ͷĿŵĿǰգʧеʦá
㵱Ҫȡ𣡡
档Цݲ˵
ȷȷʵ
ȷ
ˣ
ģ

պ
սʼա
ʮ̨ͬʱҲǳǩС
սĲԶȸ٣Ǹһսķѵʱ䳤սҲζΪսʱĺķѣÿһսʱʱڡ
Ҳǻͷ֣ʿһͷһ֣֣ԪӤ֣ʱʱʱ˫õͷּʤһȫ
ÿһѡֵĿϻһѪѪһƬ꣬ѡѪѪѪɫᰵȥֱױ䣬Ƭȫ꣬ѡֱ㡰
ϣսȫ
̨ϣֱͬʱС
һɽүүӶսڷӡ̨ϣɽʦǳ£˵
ͬΪɽʿʦһ̣ܵϵ߳ܣֱǿտ̣ȥץסǸȡ˵½𣬡ȡ㵽ʲôʲô
˫ֳһ˲뾲ֵҲʱĬˡ
ĳĬΣҲҪˡ
̨Ϸϯϵɽϱסˣô죡
Ҳֻܾװˣװ·ĿǰգӣҲκ˵Ļ
ԵǺѾ۾װ£һܹ̫飬緢ʲô֪޹ء
¹ԺɽĳĬˣû˵
ն͸ʯʾڸеջ֮ҪֻĻֶסˣƬ֮ջָ̧·͵ŵ鲻ڰɡ
ͬŰ°ťĻӦһջ֮үүӴһƷʯ
ջ֮°⣬ǲ뵱ӵģԡ˰ɡ
ûԸ⵱Ӱɡ


154 ᣨʮ壩
֮ܶʿնһȡеһѾ, ֻ˵, Ҫ㳤ȥҪ˴, Ʃǰڷӣرˡ
һ£㣬һǺˣүү
ҸղŹүү/үүᡣ


ģֱ, ̫
ȡĶǹ۸ˡ
ʵһʼȡҰְ֡ģ뻹ί㲻к޸ĳˡүүȻίˣҲ˺ޡ
ֱӾ͵˶ڵķӵλʿڳһų, һɫûүүӡ
µʥˣЦԶԡ
Ҷμͻ¶Ŷ˵ĳͲƵĿ⣬Ҳû˵ʲôϾϾǡȣ˭֪ƽʱصʦ/ʦȡ
գΪƽʱҲûҷӵذ, 뵱Ϸʱǿ˵ķˮ, һ˶ռȫ, Ƶ󿪳ܳҡ
սһػصϷĸо, ⼤Щ
ɽүүVSڷӡָо
վ̨һԲ, ֻ, ʵЩΡɽʦû, ֱֻӿ˵ͼӲѡֱӽͼ
ڽͼǰնԵĴҶμͻ˵һȥ֮ȱλͰ֮ǰõġ
á
á
á
ۿʿԴ˵⣬ͼѡģÿ˴ͼλҲģսϺսԼÿһֻڽͼ֮ȱǻ౨λһضֻм֪緽ʽ
Ҳ֪ǵ緽ʽʲôʿ緽ʽغսʩչϣҪͬģǱԷʶ緽ʽԷƾͼƣԹ˺
ÿһᣬ֧鶼ʾֶֶ֭ص緽ʽһҪϵĸⱻǰԹ۵ĲʶˣνսеҪһ
ȻǾͿͼ֮ɢڸաҶμͻ¸ͳֻڵƵʼ໥λ
ʿ
Բۣ
ֻ֮ȻŶ
İ취ǵˣ
ˡ
һȺ˷׷׿գС˭뵽Ĺ⣬һ¹ϵĻСүүɧȵĶҲģûбˡ
ʿ׷׿յʱ˳ʲôֵôģڼ̨īҲǧﴫ
ΪͼԺ;ԶڵͼڷɢصĶ޷ģս˫鶼Ĭѡ񽫶Աһ𣬷㴫
Ǵ˴ֻһ㲻⣬Ƚ˸ҪɷѿĽʾ֭ᱻƽ緽ʽ⣬ʹսķʽӷḻʣǰڽòһֿܷ̫ɢ
һ̣ʿʵʵֻܵıսϣĴʵ͡ı㷢ֵ⽫ıս
ǲȱսǽҵħаɣ޳֣طĲΪ֪ĸսīǧﴫϼóսϾĴϢ鱨ռʵĴͶҪغսʤ
īο츣²ǧﴫԶĸΪشԶʿʱп
նû뵽ģ˵ǿƼɼһã˭뵽ɽֱֻӱߴƷأ
ֻ칤ʦҪʵտеĴ͹ܣڴܵʱΪȡʹʯΪ˺ķѴʱǸάȿռڵľ޴ռվʵǧﴫĹܡ
һ֮īͱˣ칤ʦڽ֪ʵīڲѾڵľСĴãһӴȤĹ̺ȴֻ֮ĹͨͽϣīžȤҲδķȥ֪ռ䴫վĴ
ѾдĴڣֻǴǴ˫ģҪê㶨λһǳش͵һǳءֻĳǸıֻɷЯͳ䵱һС͵ê㣬ڵľ޴ռվ
ÿһֻʿǵΪһÿߣʮ򡢰Ǹˣߣ޽ÿһطÿһ䷢Ͷͬһͬһĵ㡣
ÿ˶ÿߣϵһ
սʿ˶棬ǵþȡ
սʿľһϢ޷ȵľԮһߣֻҪЯīǧﴫɷȣӿռתվʵĲ;Ԯ
Ҳиǲ֪Ĺܺ÷һʯֵϣīܸоĽǧﴫ÷츣²
칤Ҳʶ칤ʦоֻս;ԮеشãԲŻټ˸ɣǽֻĴں͹ܣδá
վ˻ᣬ޽ʿǧﴫҽƹ㣬ƹȤζԺԼıܵȴ֡
ڲŷ֣δҲ̫ٶЩ̨Ϸϯϰֻʿīźһǵȥѣǲܷ֡
Ҫսֻ紫˾ʵ˽ϰȺʿʲôʱܷ֡
ϾǸ⣬ǰδӦٶҲ֮СҩȹЦǺǵֻǸö
īڲƺΪΪֻҩȹī˵öˣҲŽˡ
ǧǰħսʱⶫҲⲻʿҩȹпһսӢܱŸû֧Ԯûк޷˵ǱħսϻϮħӪ˵սѹħַشãֻǱħսʿ߻ʮһ
һʱ䣬ԡ
һսĲң޽綼δȫħЩ궯ԽԽ̫ƽʢ¿ƽ֪ʲôʱһս𲻸ڡ
ҲǸžƹīǧﴫԭ֮һԷһ׼
ܶһһݡ

ʿ鲢ֻľùչ֮ʱ̨ѾͼڿսүүѾ˸Եıλֻڴ˻ᣬȻѸٹϵ˾ϣʦֳΣŶ߿ƶھ͸ϵߡ
˲붮˼ʦҪȥ㡣
áԥͷӦ
ʦ֡ʦҲٸʦøǵټҪ¶˵
š
á
ʲôǱһ䵥ǰȥͶѻ͵С¶Сʿ˼˷ܵģֱķ򣬲ɱֱ˷
λʿɣ˳Ի·
¿˵ͷܣյķȥ
ٺ٣ڽʿһЦ·𿴼һֻܾܵС򣬶˵ὣ׷ȥ˷ʱˣ־ܰɣҸʹ죡
ܵøˡ
ʦ֣ʦ𶯣غãֻҳȥɡ
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ֻվͰڳһżȻģŻķѸ˹ȥ
ɱĻһݼһʧı飬ԶԶؿǰգеʦ㣬Ⱦ
λڵĽʿ¶ʱһһһˣ𵤺ΪҲǽ𵤺Ϊ𵤺ڶ꣬λ˼ǰŽڣΪ壬һս£
һ𵤺ʿһȫԺԲƲΪʿɱһһ
ɱһɣλڵĽʿ˵Ǳ㲻ٳŽҲӭȥã
ʿʱЦ⵽˭ȥ

·


ʦñ£ȥԼն˵
ԣһѶȥСĹۿǰҶսһպλڽʿһʱǣȻͷȥɫʦڷˮˡ
ѽֲúôˡ
ʶĳ棬ֿˡ
˵ôȡʿͷأ


Źˮúôգʿʱ׷׵Ի
ǺܿģǱ֪Ϊʲôˡ
ʦܣ㣡
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մĲɿڽʿԼ״ʱϲʦã
ؿǻôܣ֣ŤͷǰյЦ
ʿķֲŶԡ
̫ˣŵķ֡
˵·


һ𵤺ڴһ
һԹսĻ룬ʦǸó˰ɡ
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ܱǲµ·ǾͲյ·ˣղδдҶҲδμ棬һսˣĲ·硣
ʿ
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ŮʷҵһΡ


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ձһ˵ƤֱǹġμС˵
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ֱɱǻһɫ㱣š
ĿڴѪƬȫ⣬ֵΪλʿ˳ȥ
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ȻʧȥλѵڷӵԪӤӳ
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Ŷһ䵥ĿСķСɰտǰһȺɵ۵ʿûʲôͬĵ˵ѡԾػǱǲɱ
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ʿп˵ڣ̫ˣ


155 ᣨʮ
սѾеֹĿǰΪֹɽүүλлְһ
ֵ֧ս񶼲һŷɣĶ, ʿֻһ仰Ҫ˵, ײ, ̫ײˣ
ݹɽүүһ·Ķˣ
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տųǩĽɵЦˣԩ·խһ
һĶֺȻɽȨӣӳҵ塣
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յõϢն֣ΪӧֶԸգԴĳ룬ҵһλῪʼǰѰպֹͬԸҡ
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һȷǣȷӺ
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ȨɽɵģͬţгҲ֡
϶гûˣǺ޲ó֮ĳ񡣡


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үүӵײΪǰʿڻˮ϶սĳָĪսֻûѣ
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ʿ²ʱˣˣֶԽԽ߳ˣѾʦȥ㣬Լˡ
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οһǴΧһԪӤټ𵤺ڽΧһˣ˲ǡ
е֣ҿŰɣҲʲôС


ҶһʱҷԪӤ޷սһʱ䳡Ȩ޷ûͬȼԪӤȥԸ塣
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챻ո嵹һ¶һŤЦǰ˵ҵҪܶã
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ӣʶ˴սûõģҾûĸӮ˵ġʿпǴ˻ء
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ûзֵġ


ڴϲգѪؿڵһڷŭٵתʹƽٶ׷ǰա
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156 ᣨʮߣ
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μҲԻɱɷ磬ɷȻҲ㣬ϵɫԽԽ⣬յĿɱԽʢʦã˵㲻ǶԵĶ֣ҲһʼѡԲòõġɷЦеĽȴֱȡͷ­
һܿһȻٺ˶ʮߣ֮룬ʦ֡
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ɷȲδͻĪһ仰⣬ֱĿ⣬ڿģ
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úö飬׶ݵĺܡҡͷʧЦ˲֪ɽܿ찵ϮɱɷõĲ̸ٰӰ
ٰӰԭɱĶ̸յʱѾаɱϮĲָĵˣԼʦͨϮ
ټ֮챾ϢûлϢµȼˣٰӰֱ񼶴̿͡
ɷԵĲԩ


157 ᣨʮˣ
عڡ
նǰɱֵɷ磬΢Ц˵ʦ, 㿴ҵֶλǺõġ
ɷӶ˶, ̧ͷһ, Ȼܿľͱͳ˵ͼ
վһսЩμ˴ָߣʦû
ʦֹˡ¶˺Цǫ˵
ˡֻҶʦ߿, ҲѸٽɡ
áҶ˵
һ·ϵĴҶƶȻһ䣬ͷˡ
ܿĻɱ˶ʿ, ͬһʱ䣬һߵĻҲɹɱ˪¡
㣨ңүүһֵ׳١
辪ȡ
Ҳ찵Ϯɱɷ鱬飬˲Сﰡĸ˶һ, ܺӣ
һս֮, ٸҺ˰ɣ
, սˣС, , Ϯɱ, ˭ܿס


֪, 㣨ңүүӿʵĸˣ첻ֻյһ߿ܷѣ赥ɱֻҪɱգûĿȻҲˡ
Իû˻ȥԻɱ죬ȥɱˣɱһķ֣ˬɷҲģûнտУοһ߿ܷȻͱûзеĿܸɱˡ
ʵϸ룬սһֱۣ˹עҲԻɱ˿˲ͷġ
ɱСλʿǺǣ
˵Ϊ챻˺͸ϡĴڸУΪսڵһơ
ɷѪĽѵˣүүûκһ˿ԱӣֻǾ߿ܣ


ɽүүһֱΰԾŻְһıһĳ߻ĻλȹԶҡүүӵսֱ𱬣ۿ׷ģϾԶ֪㣨ңүүһֻʲôɧս޵лٳ˴۽磬ɴ
ֵΪ˻һսӣүүӵĴȴΪ㣬һʯҲûУսӴͰ׵һ
Ϊʲôأ
ʿΪʲôû
͵׵սӴ෴үүӵλԱĸ˴ȴʮָߣرպ˷ֱаŮ/޴Ͱһˡ

µһ죬µʼˡ
ȥǩˣγǩЦˣӴԩҰ
εĶֲǱˣ񡢼šټɽŮɵǳӣΪĴŮ޶ӡ
շȥǩˡ
ǶӣҲɫ񡢼źЩŮǺǵĹϵһ򲻴رգǿͬܽģһԳԺȺCP׷ɲһ㡣
μЦ˵ȻʦǣҪҪ㣿Ҫôڡ
ζ˵ⳡûˡ
ԶʱˣʲôڣսĺǺ𣿡дʵ
μ档
ʵп˭ڶûĺڡ
̨
տŶ񡢼š̺Ůޣп˵ǻ˸նӰҾӦøø
Զʱʵĳʲô
ǳ󺣶ӣһ˵
Ϊǳ󺣣ʲôԢ⣿ʵ
⵱ȻΪǵ;ǳ󺣰˵
š
żһԻɫնʱһɲɣûܶĹ̫¶įˣ
̿ϵɫʱЦһȡֶ㣬ʲôʸЦǵĶ
Զʱˣʵֶʲô
үү㡭ʶشȻӦʱշ죬ָܻ޳ܣ
Ӧ
㻹ȥɣŭνˡ
ɽʦּƲϡԲ侲侲ʦãҪһȥս򣬰ôô򣡡
һ˽
ɽʦּ״ʱһɵֲ˲ͷ亹ʦúʦûһĲԸԩҰ
̨ⳡϷʿ񫣬ۡһȺ˷ô̼
˿滵ÿ
ǵĹϵǺػǲأ


˶ܿպǳӵŮǹϵǸȻ̬ȻǽǳʹŪ̵ʱ۴ЦģҲ;Ƿһʿ׷ױʾͬ˿ɲǷҪ类˴ˡ
ŶǿҪܴ类ɷ˸ˡ
ǳ֧ȫŮ޵սҲϲǵ˺ܶ࣬д󲿷Ůʣһޣ֧ǳӵÿһսҴͶʯͺԱʾǶǳӵϲ֧֡ǵ֧֣ǳսӴͰλеڶʮǸǰˡ
ǳҲȻŮ޵Ǵȴͣһ·ɷƲǵսӣɼȻڻְھţҲǻְǰʮΨһһ֧Ůսӡ
䲻ŮޣȴҲٹ̵ΪŮ޲ޣںܶ෽档ʵϣҲȷкܶŮվޡǶԴ޷˵ʲôҲûҪ˵ʲôͨʵж齨һ֧Ůսӣ̨֤Ů޲ǲޣͬ
ǳӣ⼸Ů̫ˣȡɼ̫ˣʿǳӵĸпʮһžӢȥԱ죬ְܹǰʮʮֽ˵ĳɼȱһɡ
ͬǴŮ޶İֹ֣ΪֹõҲֻڵʮǸŮɣʵѷһɹģҲʮСģΪ䴫еǿͿ£԰һֱʮ֮УÿôֱһžǿµĴˣڡ
֮ܶǳǺճһƥͻ
ʵɼǳ˵ԤϣԭĿܹǰʮ㹻ˣŴβǿ˸ϣҰҲ͸ˡ
ǳӼǰʮҲãǰǰʮģһ
ɽŶǳɼ쳣ϲְǰʮܽȥһ㲻ĳɼˣȥ֮ϲû뵽ǳ֧ĴŮ޶龹ȻɱǰʮƲɵүүӣɽɽǽǰʮ
ֻҪܱסΣѲˣɽĵԽǳǰԽǰʮλ䶯סȥ㲻ˡ
ͷЩսҲƴɱȥǰʮ
ǳӣٿ˫ӣɽŲɵص̾˿˫ҲֻڵʮɷսеָսţɽŲɵüЩƽտŲԣڹؼʱԽǱ¶ԡ
ɷΪλߣȻġ
Լȴδʶ
λҪһǹ˽


158 ᣨʮţ
ɽүүVSɽǳӡ
˫鱻ͽȥͼµͼһƯںϵĺ, 滷ź
ĵصںıԵ, վں, ̧ǰһ޼ʵĺɫ˼
ʿһ׷ʲôˣ
һ飬֪Ҫˡ


ĿⶢǰãЦ£, ôԼʦá
⻰һҲûٿʦֵܰʿʱǵԱ, ŮԴ
˵㿼ǹɱʦֵܵ𣿡


˫깷ʯˡ
ʹ˵ں˿ʯˣȻӴȡһͣںߴ
ʿ
ֱͨһĻʿǶԻˣʲôȥҶ, ȥͶѻ, ҲȥͶϵ, ںߴϰ˿տɱֵʿͻȻؼԵʮֲϰߡ
ܾһʱİ, ı̲ס
⻰˵ͬ, ҲôΪ
ͺǴϰһ, սһֱһֱΪݺݵĴһֱͬ϶ڸıʿ, ʿ㿴һ㣬ŵȻڵ𣿡
𣡡
Ȼ𣿡


쿴˷ˣǲҪȥˣأ˼Ľе
ʿ񾼾Ļ
ߡ
շеĵͣվȻתȥĿԶǰϺ¶һĨЦĿ١
̫ܶˡὣǰɫĿ˵
ͻȻֵ̣ʿԭڵ˰
ԭˡ
ϡ
տųֵ̣΢Ц˵⻰ɾͺ˵ˣҿһֱڵңδ
ٷϻˡɫ˵
ÿκһ˵һľģҡ־ŲϵһȻֱὣսɣ
֮˵Ҳγ˽
˼ͬʱű˴Ѹ͵ķһ𣬼ս
յĽܿ죬Ҳضá
˶úףסԭĺ̲һƬǽ塣
౻ɸߵĺˣƱը
ɫ䣬ŵĽϵµѪĽǳɫģ׺ݡ
Ľʮǿᣬ˺ѹԽأ˵ԽأķԽǿԽսԽµͣսԸֶ֣Ѳ
յĽɱɱֹɱ顣̵Ƿݱңȴֶ˷ᡣ
ͬģ˶Ϊܴǿ׺ݣ̣սǣһսݡպǶʵǼΪƵģȴиԶ֮Ƶȴֲͬˡ
һȷǣټľž޵
ǿˣǿ˺ܶ࣡նǰ˵
ĿⶢȻ
ǰЦÿ˶ŬĳǰţټҲʼδһÿ˶ڱǿ
ǳܹһ·ǰʮʵսȱһɣǳҪĴ֣ȫӵϣҪɱָҪѣѹ֮ٵĳɳţϿ̬ҪԼԼǿǿǿ
գɱ̡
ǰڵս;˲ֹһΡ
սõտǰһ˫ڵһգСɾµɫ伫쪼˵̣仰
ɵ̾˿ִݻԵĻҲġ
˵գеĽ͵رһɭ׵Ľ̲˲䣬̲һƪɭ׵Ľ
ǰսݶ̺ضһ٣ͣ
ץסһ˲һǰ̴üţɫķ𣬡žһǰǶѪѡ
ճɹɱ̡
ʿ
״ʱˣŷʲô
ôͻȻͲˣ
ǵɭ׽ʲô
ǽ򣬵Ȼڵ˻δȫƿؽ򣬲ſһĽҲ磬Ѵ˽֮򣬷Ƭֵ̳ĸ̲ɭ׽Ľ򡣡до͸Ȼ˵ĽֻǸªֲڵĽ򣬵ҲӰʵԲŻᷴӦٻƬ̵ͣ١
ܴͣżǿֲǻʿпĽŵ˸п˵ʱգ˿ڽϷǶ֡
ʿ׷׶շһսͻȻĽ˼ҵۣۼķˣ֣˻ɱ֮ɫôɷϾˣ
̧ͷȥȻͿŻӢˬõһַ·ƨɣʮͷ׷ļȾܣܵķɿ죬Ͻವһ¾ʹȻʧʲˡ
ʿ
״ʱˡ
һǵһμ⸱飬𣿡
ʲôӵ˷ɿ졣


˲⣬ǺܿǾ֪ʲôˡ
ߺû룬һͷ޴ĳªײеĺǱ棬ž޴Ĵ֣һͻ˰ʱϴһضɽҡ
ܵÿ졣ڰеո·𶯣µ˵
ʿ
ղŵ죬Ϊ˵㣬Ϊ˵ޣ
Ϊ޷ѻ˰ߺǰߺϵǳĸʿڣɥˡ
ǳ
ಷ⼪״ŶѶδɱļţMMP׷Ѿˣ֪ӵôʲô
ȥգ㲻˰
̫ˣ
㣨ңүүһ˶֣һΡô˵ǳˣ衣
˵ͼ֮
ͬʱҲۿɽʦ̲סˣ˵ô뵽취ģ
Ҳʿʵģ
һɫȻ˵о޴޵кޣѵǳʶ𣿡
ûпƬʿǣֻøһѾˡ
˿뵽
㲻뵽ˣȻˣ˶֣
ңǳ̫ˣ
֮ǰԼܲң㣨ңүүӶֱɱսӣͻȻԼûУͻȻ;ðοˣɱģǡѡ
㣨ңүү治˰
һһ˵ͼվһʹˣʧȥˣ
ҪѾ


159 ᣨʮ
˼ŷŭָҲһ޹ıȻһʼȷǹ, Ǻҷ˰, , ⣡˭뵽ǻܰ
һɵı鿴ȻյƷ⵽ɡ
һԵĴҶʱվ˵ҹ⽫Ǳġ
һ͸ѷԤԶԷܵԼû뵽ҶǲԼԶˣ⽫񡢼һΣյشȥ, ǡ
񡢼šͬλɽɵŮǣһ׽󣬹汸, ܴܷΪóŶսҲһ·ʤߵҪԭ֮һڽͼ֮ȥѰһս֮⣬˶ܿĻ, 䵥, ϾǴҶμ涼ս׿Ľޡ
ս϶, ǳûģǵ, ˭뵽ջһɱ, ֱӿɱȫӡ
޹ֺŻ, ͺñ﷭, ҶĻŶʱڻתƶŴҶ۵ʦҲѧˣ
Ȼʹļ׵ʦõĴ㡣
ա
Ҳң
Դˣ㣨ңүүһս񣬳ΪսӶϵĶ֣սֻɱ㣬㣨ңүүȴ㣬ôĶ֪
ֱӵ̨ȥǩʱսӵ˿ɫ΢Ǹƺ޲ʮԶӣ˵ľ㣨ңүүˡ
ճ˸ǩó֣ҩӡ
֮ԵսԵһ¶ϲɫˣ̫ˣӹһ٣ĸп
ҩӰкϷˡ
϶ɽүүӵ³ҩȵҲʮֲ죬ҩӣҲǸ
ɱϹҲ֪ĸʤһ
Ҿãǲʧģ


շȥ³ֵ֪˴Ҷμͻˣɫ˵ǳѵս֡
Ҳ׷ɫ
ɽүүVSҩӣƲ˵VSӣʤΣһȷǴܶġ
һ֧ȫƵӣκζ鶼ϵѲĵĶ飬û֮һ
ˣӿƲ˵ӣ˵Ȼܴи⣬ǾѪ͡ӵĻ׾ϳս֣սȻӺĸϿٱ
ҩڻְеŷḻĴ˵ӵľ顣
̨ϡ
Ŷսɨһ۶һۣӵԪӤʿǰʱսԪӤõ£Ȼյ˰³λҩȵӡ
޵ѡ¶ǰҶ΢΢Ц£ָ̡
ҶšǻӦ
Ƕ˵ƽԱߵպͰ³޵мȣһΣҲٰܡ³ƣ
˵㡣պܲӵĻؾνһжж

³ʱɫ΢죬ĿУ
У
ᣡ
ᣡ


С𣿡վԵμǶСѧоȥ˵
ʦܡ³ԵĽҲ΢ЦĽֹ֣ɵо
³Ŀݺݵǰ޳ܵһۣҵţ˵
ջһȿݵЦݣб˵
³
ϵʿ״׷׵ԽԽˣ˵ǰ³ҿҲˡ
һ·ۿ˴һ޲ʵĴ˱ڵ⸱ǷŮ񾭣ое㸴ӡ
ʱҪ侲侲侲֮ܰˡ


˫鱻ͽȥͼ
Ȱ
һͼձ㲻ɵط̧ͷԶȥһƬ죬·һ㡣ܿȵƤ̷ۣĿȫǳĻ档
ǡ͵ɽ
ҩ裡
¶ʱһã⻹©ƫҹ꣬ѩϼ˪
ʿεĵͼȻǻɽʱ˹Цã
ǲʱδ
Ƿˮתת


һʱ䣬϶ʱ˿Ϣ
ɽĻ𶾺ֲвͻᱻϮ壬ʿ˺ʿҪͣת͹ȥֵɽɵĲӰ졣
򵥵˵ǣͺñǸжѪĲ״̬ڻɽʿ״̬͹ͼɽүүʮֲģǶҩȶȴǺ£ҩóҩǱĹҲƫڷƣԱͨʿֵܵɽǵĸӰ졣
ԭͱӿƵĲ˵ϻɽĲΣνѩϼ˪
֮ǰõοǳһѣû뵽ôˣСֹ˾䣬Ҫ֪ǩ٣ҶҪǲ˿˳۹СЬ
̨Ϸϯϵλߡ
ãˣ
˵ҲþʱλӦأҩȹ룬Ŀⶢ·̨Ц˵ºͰ³ɶǺöԸˡ
λôأ˲ʲô취أҲʿġ
ʲô취£
ӦԴֵķʽʮּ򵥴ֱʦȥɱ³ʦȥɱҩǸӣʦȥǸ˫βҩȽǰһȻ͸ӺˣɱС
ʣͽҡɴսپʦɱ˰³֮󣬸Ͻң
á
ã
ã
գҲѧˡ
ɽĵͼԺܿաҶμͻҵԵꡣ
ҩȽ¿ὣǰգЦһ˵һΪĻǴҶ
治ɫ˵ʦе飬ϡ
ҲǴˣһ֪ʲô⣬Ԥϵǰ㷢չ
ҲգȻˣұҲˡ̾Ҳ֪˵ո˵󣬻ǸСأ
̧ǰգôҲǸԪӤʿ
⻰һȫǣܣ壬ɷ磡
˿ԪӤ޻𣡡


µҲ齣ղһ𣬽սپѸٽգԷҶԮ
õĲԣȲסԪӤ޽£Ҷȥɱ˰³μȥɱҩʿȥסҩȵһԷȥԮǸʿȥսһҩȵĽˣɱòɱҲܲס
ڿʶļƲߣѡ˽ƾͼƣ˫ģնϽֺγսǿԪӤ޵İһ𵤺ڽޣѵɱ
ʵ֤
ɱˡ
ͬսپٻɱգȻȥԮҶϵİ³
ʤĹؼνϣıȷֳʤı߱ռϷ硣
ճϵѲ¾һʱԻɱʲô
ǰûԲ׽ټֱһֵգ²Ҳһս
ңңԪӤҽ𵤣ңң
¡
޳ܣ
±޳ܸ𾪵Ŀ࣬ѿڶ㲻ǺܸӲ𣡡
ô˵ûҲҪʶʱΪܰ˵Ŵ򲻹ȥͷǲ𣿡
¡
еЩŭһٵʿǵ飬Ҳ
ֱӴ̼Ľָݣɱɱŭ⾪ˣ˾Ǳ̼ˡ
յֲáܵĳԤϣȫܿɱС
һ߿ٵĶһ߸п˵ҵôడ
ٰӰûѧ
ʱ̨ϿյĹϯҲ˵ôⲽ죿е񡭡ҩȹ˵ϱ˼ȻתͷһԵİ¹Ժɽ
¹ԺɽĿбӣһⶼĿ⿴·̨¶΢Ц˵ǰЩ죬ѧأ
ҩȹ
㻹װɵ
ܹսпǵģçײĶϽ£ǿǵҩȻͻָܿ죬ԵҩʿĹ㣬̫ܴرǽ£óβˣǴͲ˵㡣
³еܴҽޣҲǺйأֱôҶȥɱ³ȥס¡
ΪҼգԴҶֺޱбɱ³ٸغϺܱɱ
Ҷɱ˰³֮˵ὣתȥԮա
ԶԶվͿ˷ٸĴҶϲеʦ֣
Ҷϵɫʱͻʾʦãվ㡣
˵ʦ֣߽㣬ȥ֧Ԯʦá
Ҷһۣš
ĽԶʱĿŹֵĿʦķڷȻ
ʦǧ㣬㵽㲻ܾȥʦãôӲ˵
ʦͣˣһĵŻ£Ҳ˲ϿҶս£˦仰תȥȻˡ
ҶĿ⿴ת뿪ȻջĿ⣬һ̧Ͷ϶潪ͬĿ⣬Ҳס˵
ɡҶϻֱӵ
Ȼ˳ս
һߡ
·ɿţһƬĸƣǻҵĴϢ޴ڴ˷ӿϢ·Ҫһ㣬ҩȽʿ׷ͣ¡
Ϻȡ
Ҫȥ
֧Ż²ϵܣͣЪһʦʧϺȣټ£
ʦá
ʶ·ģ֮ʣºôһԼǲǻˣ̧ͷǰȥǸ˴ǰ΢Ц˵ĺܺã㹻ˣ齻ұá
մ󲽳ǰ˻ǰȻǰҩȽʿγɽָ̣



վյ۾ע׷ӰǸ׷һ·ƵͶ·ҩȽһնɱ
ͬʱģҶɱ˽£μɱҩʿɱһλҩȽˡ
ҩӳɾͣⳡ

һ˱ͳͼ»ص̨ϡ
һص̨ϣվ˷ŭ۾·ɽȼɻɽİ³ƭң
ա
ͻָأһ±ƣôƭˣ
ƭɶˣ׵
³Ըӷŭ˵ãս
ҧ
ԸãȻˣǲǼ𣿡
³
ƺӷŭˣ۾պ
һԵĽºĵĸ͵ʦܵ˼ǣΪβ֣
ŶΪû尡ŶȻһҪŶӼǵŶӵļ棬Һûκͼֱ˵˵ǰ³ɫֻ̹Ǻ˵սһʤûдӦҪһһɣ
³
ô˵³侲Ŀؿð֮ɳ˵öԣҲ㣡
˵תˣߵĸɴ࣬顣
̾˿Ȼǰ΢Ц˵л
ա
¿ϵɫδ˵ʲôתǲδ䣬һؾһָ£


160 ᣨʮһ
һսĽΪһµսʽ, ɽүүԾռ˻ְĵһ, ϵʿΪɱ֡
ڶ, ҩӡ
ʮһֺͺɽδǰʮõĳɼǵʮһɽʮ
ֻʱģڽΪһµؾ̽Ŷнǰսɻýؾ̽ʸؾ̽Ŷս, ؾ̽ĳɼҲ֮ǰսγɼԴλ
Ҳ˵еսӶзϮĿܡ
¾ĵض˵һ, ʦսĳɼҲ룬λؾڻ˴ʶһ˻֣һٳ˰ס
Ժʵؾ
Ӧǰɡ˵һ, Ҳ֪ʲô, Ȼ
ν˵, ǵҲǵ, Եֶ֮ʧ֮, عǿ󡣡
ţӦ, ǵҲɢȥ
ؾ̽ǽս֮, գõؾ볡ȯİ֧սվĹ㳡ϣȴؾĴ򿪡
ɽĿɨ·ĸɵӣ˵ؾڽֹ໥ɱֹвʲ塢ű֮£һϳͲֻ©мǣмǣ
ѵ֮ؾڳİ֧սͽȥؾڡ
ȵ㳡ϵЩɵսʿȫͽȥؾ֮תϷϯλϡ
صϯϺɽſſճλãȻ̺䳤ϣչأ
̺ɫδ䣬ЦҲ
ɽȻɻҲδ˵ʲôֻǵԭˡ
ջ֮ͻȻҲ⣬ջ֮ԸƧŹ˽֪˵ȻʵʵÿǰλϣµıȫˣŽ⡣ڲˣ
ɽֻһԱʾòûٷϡ
ؾ
ձͽȥؾ󣬽ĵصһïʢɭ֣֮һ±ֻȷ˸Եķλƽ֮󣬸Էֿж
ؾ̽صں֣̽
ĵرҩɼȵȣȫǻԵҪıһµʱڣջ뿪ؾ֮󽫻õϽɣרŵ˻ǵջȻٶһɹѫֵЩѫֵսʱĻӣΪܳɼ
ͬģܳɼֺ͹ѫֵڸɵĹѫöһʡ
Ϊ̶ȵ̽ؾջһսӶѡȷֿ̽ѰĵرɼѰҪٺѾˡ
ѡߣҶߣμǱߣϱߣֹؾڡ
ؾڵԶʤ磬ŨŨˮԵݣҳƺܺãֻ඼ѰɼһЩͨݣżôϡݼм䣬ϸѰҵĻҲֲˡ
̬ȣȥ̽Ѱɼ䣬Ƶɭһ·ǰߣ·һһ룬Ļɢͷϵʿವһ¼Ҵҷɹȥವһ¹ȥһַɹȥһ
ҶܼڱǰҵɼҵǱһϦҰܲɶ٣ٶͽҲֲ˼ڶɼѰһǿϧ
ż˴Ͽշɹɭݣ鰵Цλɽδ̫棬ҲδȥѡϾҶǾ֣ԽԽãǷȥ
յҲĳס治ݲɵĲֺؾڻ񣬺ܶѾѰҵõݶؾ˲
һ·ݣĹ߳ɭ֡һȥɭ֣ͼũʹĵǰ˽棡ǽڹ
棡ֽڹʿһӣЩڹδ죬ȷֽڹõϢ˶Ǳ߸ȥŽڹʱһ
ӡ᲻ѶԸй˼ɵɲǡ
ѶԸҲֻһˣϽڹĴڣûҲбˡ˵ߵ֮زסֱˣһ˵ɫԥѻˣǸӾһĽʿ֮ǰҲûʲô£ʲôţǼͷû֡
û˵һ˿ǣ¶ĵаɣͰ˵
͹ȥ˱˽ȵǡ
ã
Ƕæȥڹķٸȥ
ں󷽴գ
˭Ǹղ˵˭
ʲôţ



161 ᣨʮ

ϵһ, ¸ĳŵĲ², , ܰɣ
ϱ龪ɲվԭƬ̣Ȼȥŷũʹȥķȥ
ʱѾ˲ٵĸʿյĿɨΧ۹ʿ, ִ£˵Ҳʮ
ٽĿ⳯ǰڽŽӲӽڹǰ½޿ȥֻ, üĿ㣬ӿݣͦһ
һǰǸ̫ɽϵĿ, üղġ
ʱǰ׷, Ǹ˵ļǰʻ, ͷ·δȥ˿δɫ, ϵɫɵصĻ, Ǹһγǰ
ͷ·ӲĻҽһ, ո
ʻĳǰ
һ˲Ļ, պܿ򶨣Ŀ⿴ԽԽΧ۹ʿٿǰֻһżڹĽǽ
ʵˣһ˼ǰĽѣ㡣
һʱڳ˶ȥ
ǰ̧һ˫áԥ˵
ȻҪһ룡ղ˾
ĿⶨЦ⣬á
ڳҪûᱦĸʿ
ҲУ
˸ŵѣҲ㣡ҲҪһ룬ͺá
ɫ䣬ܾˣ
㹻
ˡ
ѣô£
˿ԣǾͲ
ʿʱЦˣûѵΪˣܵס𣿡
ԣô֪ܣɫ侲˵
ҿ̫Դ󣡡ʿʱ쿪
ô˵ɫǳ䣬Ϊ
ڹ죬ɢŨ
֣ڽڹ֮ʣΧܵʿʱеȻ֣ǰڹȥ
̧üĿȻһνʣ׽ХֽǰһǰϮڹʿ
ǰ棬潻ңնеҶϣ
šӦ
Ҫԣ裬˷·Ĭϵ޷졣
˽ɽ´˷ϮĶ֡໥ֲ˸Ե©ȱݣศɣΪһǡ
еĶֶ⣬޷һ
ֻˣֻˣȴǿĿ£޷Ҳ޷ƣǶ˵Ĭβƣ
ֻʱӵİʿɵػɣܾúܿɡ
ȺŽڹʿٳδܹǵĽʱҲļˣʱϵԽãҲԽĽڹɢŨὫʱѶԸˡ
ǣȥ˭ʮŽڹҲܶռˣзݣǶ˷ȥһ룬ʣһǷˣ
ȫҪΪҪָһ룿պԥܾȻЦ˵ʲôзɵԱߵϵͷԵľǿڹޣðŷնɱڹǵǺƤһȥһ룬̣
ʿԶʱ߳ŭأ㲻Ҳû٣Ҫһߣʲô
ңҵȻǲһģΪ˸лԲŷһлǲǽתͷĽ˵
ţǡԥͷ˵
ʿ
ģԹŮ
ʿʱָŽŭʵûһ˵ʲôʲô
ɫɣʵ˵кβ𣿡
ϵɻʳøζ
ʿ
һ߷ǰḶ́Ȼ֪ʲô򹷣ĵʹ򹷣
ߣΪǾܳ⣬κβǣҲͬȡϵĽڹУǾȥ˭Ҳá
ȳĽڹɽ޶Щ޿ɲöԸǵòҲҪõ
ʱһЦ˭˵ǵò
ߣ̫ˣʱҲˡ
ʿ
Զʱ⡣
ǣܿǾ֪仰˼ʲôֻԶһӰѸٵĽӽӽӽ
ֱӴպͽ˵ĽУ֮
ʿ
Բۣ
ǿǸȥڵʱʱ´һģǼһǼһﲻյȼǸ𱬴ܻӭرŮ޻ӭġ
ˡ
޳ܵоݵĿܷ
ʧˡ
ֻĿڽڹɫɸ信ͬ飬޳ÿ˺޲һڵַɿժȡϵĽڹܿ죬öֲӰˡ
¾ͰеĽڹժˣһ
ʿ
ޣޣҺúް
ǱĸֱۣûһѪֻĿ޺޵صգ˦һ䣬ݣ
ģ
һˡ
֪ȥɲݣ


һȺֵˣܿıɢȥֻʣպͽˡ
ժеĽڹգһԲ뿪ˡ
ֻ͡ʣպͽˡ
տǰվǰĽҲ
˻ţĬӡ
ΪʲôȴƳĬĿ⿴侲ʵΪʲôҪ׵İɣҲ
Ѿˡ˵ɱ
վǰĿ⿴ûУû
ǰֻҪ˵ֻҪǰ

ԳĬû˵
֮󣬡ˡչִļֵɱû˱Ҹȷ㡣
Ŀʼտϵɫյķ񶨺͹ִ黳ʵɱ
һԼɱǰգҿ˿ڣھΣԼ𣿡
ԣ£Ǻܿƽȥƽ˵˵Ǿǰɡ
֮˵ֻǡֻǲҶĲˡ
ʱҶ̲סɣǸˣûдڹʵģֻǵӰÿʱҾͻʹԼΪλ룬ôܹ뷨ҶĴڣ͡˵޷㣬ֻǽǶһ޶ģֻһ֪Ĵڡ
Ŀ⿴ϧۣԭһֱ㶼࣬ѹԼ˵ȥˣʦ𡣡
ĴڣΪ㡣ǰգΪ㣬н
ֻҪڣǽڡ
õӰΪ㣬ΪĸִŶڡ
ֻҪϣڡһֱڷΪβϳϣջ֮Ŀ⿴ǰĬգҾ
ǵͬΪһˣͬΪһ˶ִš


162 ᣨʮ
ʱһ󳤾õĳĬ
֮ղŶ, ܿĿ⽫װŽڹĴ
Ŀ⿴, ֽӹ˴, ȡһ뽫ʣһ
ûоܾӹȻ˽壬Ǿʹ˷ֿɡ
˵գͷҲصת뿪
뿪һԳĬĸ
ա
ûлͷ, ҲܸܵһֱǸǿҵĴڸУ޷ӡ
ǿţ͵, ӿ˶Ҫ˦Ȼǽ˦˦
˦
ʶüͷɴͣһͣĽҲͣ, Զĸ

ţƤ, °, ǰô֪ôճˣ
֮£ֻת󽭻һ, ˵, ҹҵĶľţ
Կ, һԵĴﱧһֻ׻ɫĻè, ǰһһèգһ˫ˮ۾ҿԸѰԽ˵вè
ա
ӡȻеɰ
һ˲ܵое㡢еº֡
˵ջǼĵߣɫвèʲôģôû˵
϶ģһƭҵ飬èɣ
~~~
ǰС۾ˮһϸС
ա
ҲƱί͵ϹѪͳ
һһèͬίСıң񶼺ˮͰ͵ȡ

ģ
¶ʱ˾䣬·
èңŽ˵ȻԴǣ֤£ǷѪͳ
Ŀ⿴һۣû˵˳ɵİСߵݸ
մбССȵСߣСèһо˵꣬յĴǲɵŪèȻ̧ǰ۾һգգʱɫһֱ׳ڼѪͳ
Ŷ
ա
Ŷʲô˼
ѵǻ
ʲô𣿡ʱĿڵ
һĪı˵Բ飬ȷֻϹѪͳвè
аɣèķϣҾͬкɡһ߶èһ߹û˵
һЦ⣬ǿŲ֣˵ţǿҪл
տ˵ȷӦøл
è޷ֿҪЮߣǡ
ƻǵĽһֻèɹλøͬеĻᡣ
һè̤Ѱĵ·
ѰҪְĿСߣſջԱߵĽ~~~~һ治ɫߣһѣĵؽһСι
~~~~С߷С

ؾһߡ
˪±̶ѣͬеĶѺ޷һѴ˶Ķ̽һ
ۡ
һѪ޷ͱһĽۼŵתͷסϵѪ˿ڣϮ˪޷ʵ㣡ΪҪҺԩ޳𣿡
ȫû뵽˪»ᱳϮʣǶвȴδԩ޳ɱ
ýͱ˲ͱĻͬʦͬӶѵ˪£ϵıȴ쳣侲û˿ƽ˸е£ʦ㣬Ҫɱһ̫ˣгɱˡǰѪֹΪɢ۶ɢɫҰ׵ۼˣƽ˵ɱ㣬ֻΪ㵲ҵ·
ôģһֱϹۣۼǿһô㣡
˰ɣҪҾͲȥʦ˵ġ˪¶ĻΪȻ
ۼʱЦһɱҵԭ˵ĿɶʵЩѵģǰŪǷǣȥԸʦã
¶ܵǴ㵹ǺңۼֻÿЦǰôûôһߣϹģû㣡㵱ܰŪǷȥԸ㿴ߵʦãҲϮɱң
ô˵ɡ˪¶ĻΪȻƱҪɥڴˡ
޷ڵģֻܳǰ䡣
ۼЦһĿӵĶϵɫԽԽҰף˿ѪԽԽࡣ
˪ʱŲȥˣٴξеĶ̽ƽ
ۼվûĿٽ˪ǰһʱۼ˳ץסᣬһǱܵȫʹһϸһشȻûеǧзԶݶȥ
ۣ
һµ˪µһѪôᣡ
ɴ۾ѵۼ˵ķ򣬡ôܣ
Ϊܹһóѣ˪һֺ׼ר֣飬һɢۣΪ˷ֹۼ˷ѣܣĪǡҲһֱڷң˪¶ʱ־־壬ۼû鷳ʹˣųȥ
У
˪ɫʱһݣųȥҪؾڣÿؾҪôˣ˱ˣҪҲ޴ɲ顣
¶Ҫȥ׷ɱۼˡ
ʱһϷ
һϷʵڱ˪¶ʱȻһˣ
ղŵ˿ˣʱ־ֿ֣Ӳɫתͷȥֻͼλİҩȵվ
ʦ塣˪ӲĿڽе
忴һۣɫû˵һмһ˵ģ
ԵҩȽˣ˪Ц˵ҿһϷݵЩôܸܵĻأ
ĿĿǰҪǵʧܵĺ
˪¡
˪´ĻʶĳЩɫң
λҩȽһʶЦݣ˵㣬ҪԸԸˣʦˣɵú¿ɾסˣɽǴȥˡ
ԣҪҪǻطȥأ˪Ц˵ԸԸڵݺһУߣ
˪¿ԥ˵Ը⣬ֻҪԸҸõģ
ùʱЦˣ
Ȼһƿҩ˵˰ɡ
վԵһ񣬡㻹ʲô˶Ҫ
ҩȽ˻벻⣬ЦɱСϣҲ顣
ĳЩ飬ɫ˶ġ
µǱֺ㶫Ϊ顣
һߣǧзӶԶȥۼˣ˸ȫĵطˣһһֹѪһ¸мգǰؾ֮ǰʦøһöƷһöǧзҪ˪ǸСϡ
뵽˪£ۼбһɱǼȸмΡʱöƷǧзʱֻΪ֮ǰͺﻹα飬ڿǾһ
˪϶ˣֶνɷȡ֮ɢ˵˶˶ֻѵǡִϹ˪ǸС˵Ļ
һƫ֮ǰδֵĶھԵ˼ˣҲʦͷˣ˪ˣԲŻЩĶֻһɵɵİѶıС˵ʦãӵʦȴ޽ٵİԽԽѵ
ȳȥ֮󣬺ʦõǸɣۼ˰Ȼ۾רˡ
뿪֮˪·һ֪
ͬЩһ֪ĻרעߣèգȻ߸һܽ黳ˣè޹ģ
˭ֵܵסèĿɰ˭ߣèأ
èĿ˵ˣ֮ϵ


163 ᣨʮģ
ҲֻСߵѪͳҲһմ֮ȻѰ˲ϧҩݺ͹ؽʯ, ջ֮ûȫ˵Ϲ
һƬȸ˳Сè㼣ǰ, һƬȸ, ȸе֣Ϊ޷˹Ұ֣Ϊϡ١
ҲֻżǺӰݷŵߵʱҳأû뵽ﾹȻһƬҰȸʱϲʤǰȥҪժ
ͬеĽҲǰȥæһժ
տľٶ, 㶯СЩֻȡҶҶѿ֣עˡ
šһ, еĶϸ̬רע
һ·϶ս̽ڲƻҩݡʯ£ժȡǡĺ棬ѧҲܿ, Ǹڿѧ
տĽ, 㱼·ص˹ȥ, ĽҲˡ
˷ֹʱժһƬȸ, ժȡĲҶȫա
, ˵ȲҶƺ, ʱһὫһȥ
Ŀ⿴, һЦ⣬˵á
֪ûз֣ûз֣ԽԽųˣҲƵ絫ٲų⣬ǰǰһüʶľͶ㡣
ժ˲Ҷ֮պͽͼǰߣСèǰ·պͽ
׵СèֵĲſ֦Ҷǰβͱֱһҡһεģˣ
պͽ˲ţĳĬš
ʦ壡
һŮ
նס˽ŲתͷȥֻһϮʯ쳤ȹ˪²ŷɽ߸
˪£üǺܿĻָ糣ʦֶ
˪ǰȻ£ʦ塣еȻתͷԵĽ£ʵλǣ
ĽˡܵȻֱ˵˪µʦֶ𣿡
˪Ŀ⿴£Ȼ˵ʦ壬ģҺͼλҩȵ˷һɸżȥһ̽ɸ˲ܿʦ塭λ˿Ըһȥɸ̽飿
δشĿ⿴ʵΪңǶ˸ʰɣ
ҵҲңʦ岻ʣˡ̫ԶʵҲԲ˳˪˵һû뵽ʦ壬ûбʦʵˣҲŻᶷǰһʡ
ʦԸ⣿ĿڴеǰգĻش
Ŀ⿴¾Ȥˣмֺ棬һǰһ˪ȴɻǿϵʲôˣ𵤣ģ
ڻΪǾ˵δ֣ճɫҲŵһŨŨҩζͲѪζ˵˲ò˲ᡣ
Ҳ͵ϮĶѾͬǰǰáա͵Ϯһһδɹ
˪Ǹˣ²ȻǱͼճ˼˰죬Ȼ̧ԵĽʵԸһͬǰȥɸ̽飿
۾΢΢ǳԾһ㣬ǺܿĴӦá
Ǿ˵ˣ˵תͷǰ˪£ҴӦˣɸĶô֣
˪˵ҩȵǷһ룬ʣһ˷֡
˵գ˵ʵãʣһҷɣʣʦͽ˷ְɡ
ͬôռʦֶıأɸǷֵģ˵Ҳʵһ֣ɣʣһʦֶȥһ룬ʣһҺͽ˷֡
˪³һ£ܿĴӦá
²˳٣ǿȥɸżɡ˵
š
˪ǰ·պͽ󣬳еɸżٸȥ
·ϡ
кβԣʵ
ղʵηֵģ
̬Ȳԡ˵Ȼ˾䣬ܷ
㶼ְܷ룬Ȼصխ˼˷ʲô
ˡ˵
Ȼ˲δ˵һ·Ĭĸ·
֮
Һܸˡָմѡңҡ
Ϊʵǿڱ㲻صĻ屻ƣܰȫս͵ңҲ³ç£¶Ҫ迼ȫԡ㣡
˵ǿû㣡㲻𣿡
Ҫûջ֮ڣҲͻܾ˪µˣްյһ׼ԶҪκһˡ
ջ֮ڣҪʲôպȥһ˪µǳҪʲôգֻǲܺ˪Ǹʱը֪ʲôʱͱըˡ
Һܸˡ˵ȾЦ⣬˵ңûʲô˸ˡ

˶٣ȻҲңֻ㲻ңмһۡ

֮󣬾õýûϵش𣬡Ǹ˵һֱԲ𡣡
ҲĬˣûлشǸ
֮󣬱˭ûп˵һ·
ˡ
˪µ𣬡ˣ
Ȼһ˱ӿ£һȹӵͭǰ
ǵʱɸżǰѾվλҩȵĽˡ
һλӵīɫ۵Ŀ꿴գ۾һЦǺǵˣҩ嫡
ѡտе
˺һ嫲˵µ飬ֵѶͬ˵飿
壬㰴ȥɡ˵ʱԽɸżС
Ǳڽȥɡİ
ͬʱһǰͭϣƬ֮󣬴Ż򿪡
嫼״ʱϲеſˣ
Ŵ֮
ȥɡ
һ˱߽ɸżڡ
ʱ
ĳ½Ķ嫿ǰһҩ԰Цҩ԰ֲ˴ҩݣвٶ߽ҩݣݶǧϡ
ĿҲǰһ԰ӵҩݣͷ˵ţˡ
ԵĽĿ⿴һۣ䵭侲ķӦɵ֮ǰһ·Ұֵⷢ߰ҩʱϲɫ²ɵȻǺܽ䱸ֵǵݶ
ҩ԰ء˵źϧҲ֪ǿ˶
˶ʾᡣ
һʱ˷ѡ
ռ״գգ۾Ȼ˵Ҳҿһԡ
Ŷ̧˵
⣬ֻҪƻ˾аɣ˵ȻгǰһݺֱֱӰҩ԰󷨽Ƹƻˡ
һԵ嫿Ŀɿڴð֮󣬡ˣ
󷨱ƣһ˱æȥժҩ԰ݡ
֮һĿĵأ
󷨽ƣҲռ򵥴ֱһƻ
֮ȥ˱󣬲⻹󷨽ƣҲһƻ
ؾ󡢶ݡֲ԰԰
յĽƻÿһ֮󷨽ƣֱɸżһطҲҪһط䱦
ɸżҲصĵط䱦䱦
䱦𣿡
嫿ǰɹĶ¥ľ̾ɣ
䱦󣬾󷨽ƶͬѰЦһԵ䱦󷨸ӶǼһ󷨣ǿҲƻ
ϾǴ䱦Ĳر󣬵Ȼ̤롣˵
ǰ˵ɫĿа취ƻ󷨣
Ŀⶢǰ󷨿ãȻҡͷ˵ƾһ֮󷨣ҪͬʱƻС
ˡ˵Ըһ֮
˵̤󷨡
ʣһͷˡնԽ˵
һۣ˵á
ö֮աҲ󷨵С
Ϣ֮ͬʱ֣˵
á
á
һ֣
ͬʱŷ˲䱻ƻ
ɹƻأտűƻ󷨣ϲ˵
ǰ嫳ǰЦǺ˵̫ˣˡ
վķӦЩ֣Ȼ̧ĿɻĿ
嫿Եı飬ЦˣºʵûзﲻԾĵط𣿡
𣿡ʵ
վԵĽ侲жˡ
Ļղע⵽ԼƤɫѸӵ˫ִֻ֣СȫһƬ˵ɫģʲôʱжģ
Ǹղʱ򡣡ƽ侲ƵƺǴ˵е󡣡
һƻͻӱķߣԶܽƻߵ;Ϊ
ôµ𣿡һԾɫǵһ˵һ㡣
Աߵ嫣
ĿĶ˶ԻˣɫѸٱˣ
պͽͣ½̸ʩһ
嫸ӷŭˣһֱѹŵŭҲ޷ͣɫ࣬ðǰŭƲ𣿶ͷˣ⸱ɣ
Ū𣡡
ա
ȫŭ


164 ᣨʮ壩
嫱պͽ˵̬ȸŭˣǺܿ侲, ǰЦһ, Ҳֻڲܳһʱ֮ˣ
տ, ʵҺԩ޳ɣΪҪң
ԣĿζĿһۣЦˣ˵һҪл㡣
л˵ķʽշʵ
嫲ÿɷϾҿɲΪ㽣ꡣ
仰Ŀⶢ, ֮Ѫŵˣ
嫱΢΢Ŀû뵽㾹ȻܹµҵСˡ
ϵıʧ, ˵ǹѪζ̫ǿң˶ġ
˵գתͷԵ˪˵ʦֶѪŵħޣ㵱ҪΪ, кͬ𣿡
˪ѿ˼, Ŀ⿴, Ϊ˵ʦĪҪңҲǱΡ
ΣʱЦ, 㱻ξȥкͬ, ɱЩкɱֺ޹
˵Ͳ𣿡, ˪, ɻģ
ô˵ɡ˪˵ǰգ˶ʦǰиʦó츳ǲᶮġ
Щкͬɱ˵ɣϹòģҵĴڣȥɱȥħа޹ȥкͬ𣿡ò⣬ȥɱ𣿡
㲻Ϊˣ
˪¶Ļţתͷ嫣˵ĿҪץסɣҪĽ𵤡
ֱ˵˵ҰץסҪĽ𵤣ɽߣ޹أʲô֪Ҳδ㡣
Ҳδҡ˪Ŀ⿴˵֮ԡ
һʼԼݣӦֻΣʱ͵Ϯɱۼδ챻嫺忴˸ţǲӦǺͻᱻԴв鼱֮£˪±Ӧʱίߡ
ץסգ嫼ȻѪŵħץ֮ͻħ˪²һȥħ򣬱İҵħɽɸʺֻҪõյĽ𵤣յΪʱȥ׷ɱۼˣʬе޹ء
ǱѪŵħ޺Ѱץߣۼ˵ҲҲƵѪŵħͷϣ˪°
ĻʱµĴ㣬ĿȤζĿ˵ȥɽɵĽ޵ˣħŸʺ㣬ĲһѪ𣿡
ħ˲żüãȥֻ΢ĩ֮ԳͷɽЩ˪²˵
Ц£ҲգȻ־ڴ˱㲻ǿ㡣
ȻתͷǰЦϧ޶꣬׻Ǳˡ
һԵ˪ɫʱϲǴӦ
ҪĽǱȥȡɣֻҪҾС˵ħֵǮĺܡ
˪󣬶лл
Ȼһ̽ǰȥ
ʦֶտսƽ˪£Ȱڻͷü
죡˪³ȵͷ˶໰㻹ΪǸ߸ϵ𣿡
㣬Ҳ׸ϵˣЦһ
Ŀ⿴̾˵㻹ִԲ򰡣
ԵĽ䲻ħ
ţתͷĿ⿴ѯʡ
˪¾Ȼħѧģؾδһֱ֡
ĵһżΪаŵħطͨ˵Ѫ׳˵Ϊ츳ռΪУǼΪ̺аŵĹħ˵ȹ˶ᱻȺɱ˵ȻĿⶢ˪˵ǴӺδѧģ
˪û뵽Ȼһеط»һ˲Ǻܿ糣Цһ˵˵ʲôҲ֪ʲôħطһɺԣ
ĻɱĸأԵĻ޲ýڳȫɱԴܣ֪ڵһֻݷԴգ
յĽ츳ǰδǿ׿ԽֻɵĽ𵤣ܹõĲ˵Ϊ츳ʱɷһɳ죡
뵽˪ºǼŶ̽΢΢ǺµĶǼģֻҪֻҪĽ𵤣
ʦֶĿ⿴Ȱڻͷü
˪Ŀⶢ۵ĴѺ̰ԥܾѾܹˣ
˵գеĶ̽ǰյﴦȥڳĽ𵤡

һ̾Ϣ㻹ִԲ򰡣̾һ˵Ȼ͵֣磬һץסս
㣡˪ɫʱ㤣͵̧һţ㲻ж𣡣
Ŷ˵㶾˵벻⣬ɢ˱ɡ
˵͵һ֪һһҽУ˪µɫʱҰףӲ۶ˣһȻǿĽյĻĹͷֱۣƻĹͷⲢ޷ϡ
ܵǿʹ̹ǵۣ˪²ɵĲҽгɫɷס
۶ʧȥս֮ɿδڹĿⶢǰ嫡
ֻսǰһӣһ˲ǰʯͬʱҲһ˿ɢˣ˫ϵɫˣعԭķɫ
ͷ·δйһ㡣
ԵĽȻһȻµӡ
Ҳ¾ˡ
վǰĿĶûµ˫֣֮ЦҹȻСˣΪܹɱѪˣ
ɱֻΪɱѣҲֻΪ䵭˵вԱС
Цһα
ûжҲ£˵Ϊұֶֻζ𣿡
˵գ㳯һе㻹Ҫ㵽ʲôʱ򣡣
䣬ͼҵĽ˳һɫ䣬ŽĿɱĶǰա
ϵ㲻öԸ嫶Ц˵ǲѷɣǲˣܵеùһȺˣ
ο廹ԪӤΪƾպǸĽˣӶ޿ܣ
տ岢̫⣬֮֮еĸоʵαأ𣿡
ޱ鶢رɫȻŭǱŭʦ㣬ѹŭǱǵģ
㣬ţǺӣ˱ǵģɫޣָصЩšϡǺӻиﰵѹңǸȨ
ɽ֮أǲòٲѵǶҶ𣡡ʵ
ƽ˵̫̰ģɽɲҵɽɣȨҲҵȨ壬ʦλҵ֧´ɽΪǴнΪֽħ³񡣡
ɽɵ֮Ⱥ˲ѾʧȨ֮УȨλ̰Ľɴѹͬţ켺ѹˣıȡӶ׳սЩһһֻ̫ǽǶĹָ϶ѣ˶ѡ
˵գ̾˿ŴδҪΣֻǵȨ̰ѣĲ󡣡
˶ѣǱѳţϧħѪ֡˵Упɻ˼Ȼ
屻һ˵ƿԣ֮ŭҪٽƱ磬ɫŴѹʵûɣǴѹǣͲǷˣ
˲ʲţҪҲգ
ǰ˵㺦Դˣձͷȡպĸٻ
ձҸѪŵͶ״
˵գнǰչȥ
ԱŲŲ㵽˽󣬡չˡ
ԣתͷһۡ
ջһСı飬ֻǸĽ˶ѡ
ɵЦһá
ˡ˵Ȼ̧Ŀ⿴ǰڵ壬̧еĽ
֮ĳ
㲻˵ˡ
ͭŵߵȫճһ˾͸ɷȫѹ޵С
嫼̬ã˶ʱɫ࣬ǽΪ
嫶ʱŭʵȻΪ
㲻Ҳ𣿡侲ĻʵҲΪ
֪嫱Ƽ˲ű¶ҲԪӤΪ
嫡
ѪŵħްѵҲ
Ҳǡ
ֻǸͨͨѡ
Ҳ鲻ԾһȥǽΪӾȻܹѹԪӤʿΪͨԪӤΪǰ򵥣ʲôˣ
µľ޷ϸȥ˼ߣ̬ã˵
嫿ȥɫЩģϧգϹȦףˮһգģ
ɽڲûգ˵ߣ
Ŀ⿴һۣвʵȴò˵ǶԵģҧҧ˵ã
Ȼ˴ͬˣˡ
µ˪¿ǺתܵӰֻԥһ˲ԥĸȥ
һѸٵĳˣˡ
Զ֮󣬽˽תգѯʣճֹ뿪ġ
Ŀ⿴΢Ц˵ųߵ㡣


165 ᣨʮ
ҩȵĽ嫾ȻѪŵħޣһ, ռҲ⡣
걻Ѫ°ʱ, ƾնһδļ, һֱ⵱ԤδļػΪѪŰӻɽɣѪŵҩһ˵׷˹дͷѪǰػնɱľֵʱҵʣػԭ֮λ
һûػ, ҲûѪðһѪŵħ嫣ͬҩȵӵݻղĵ, ҩȿǱѪǱ˲˰
뵽ձ̾˿õԤǶμֹֻΪֹ֮鲢δ˵ӣҲ뵽ᷢʲô
ѾѪ˵ػ¶֮λ, Ѫҩȵӵϴͷ, ƱػܵҩȵáǶְ֮, ̫ˣΪѪŰץŮޡ
, Ϣ
ҲԤ, Ҫֲ֮Ѫػ, һûɡ
, ڻµǸǰδģأ
ãɷ硢˪¡Ѫػ˵Ȩδ
Ҳ֮ڽǵ֣Ĺ켣
ʲô
пЩʱ򣬶ߺ𽭻ԽȻ
תͷһۣź˵Щ̫ܵˣûǵĴ
˵̾˿һڣ

źϧɫֲɵض˶ʶıȥȡīֻͶǧʯ
뵽Լڵݣסˡ
ϲʯĿ⿴ʵҪϲ
ôʣնʱ䴽ǣ˵˭ϲأ
ԿҲϲ
ա
仰ĵһ˲䣬ϾȻ˲ϲʯǺ뵽ջ֮ݣӲȱʯʯΪĲϲġ
ͻȻͺüĽް𸻡
ֻϲ㡣˵һ仰
ա
۾ܾ͵£Žƽ糣ûһ˿ı飬ܿķӦ˹ϲһϲ
ϵĿ⿴˵ѣʦ𡣡
շΪķ϶Ķʱ£ŶɫĮ˵㿪ľͺá
һȴ䣬ѾûȥЩǰ°ֻҪû˼ͺˣʦʦʦ£˶Ӿǡ
ҲԿ
ʯɫ˵ϲ㡣
ԣԶ仰ΪӳϢТĸףɫĮܾãʯҸϲԼ
֪ԼѾΪȱӵĽɫʱź򴽣˾䣬Ĳܻصǰǰһʦ𡣡
˲ջǽгֵĳƺȴҽгڵ֡
ҲЩӣյ̬ͣԳƹһٽոơ
һֱģޱˣκ˶֪ǰ˵ƺ
ʮƹΪϡ
̧Ŀⶢɫ侲ᶨĮ˵ܣ㲻
˵գｫСèȡ˳ŻĻ˵ɸȥ֮ǱԷֵɡ
Ϲأ䱦Ķһһ롣˵Ȼ󲻿ɫת䱦
Сèվ棬ĬĿ߽䱦ĿһֱӰ֮ջͷŻеСèСЩί˵ʦҪˡ
˦ǡ˵Ȼɫһâ룡
ĻͻᷢĽʶеĽȻͬ˵Ǹ͵Ľ˵ǽջ֮Ľ壬չĹ°뽭ںһ˵ü
սȥ䱦֮˿ĵطһʵ˵һ·ϺͽͬУĪѹȻ¹Ժк֮Ѿ𽥽⿪Ľᣬҵͻ˽Ӱ죬ȴǺ޽ٵġ
˵ȴܽȫǽ࡭ܽȫ뽭ῪϾԨԴ
ǺãζԴԼ޷׼ȷĴ𰸡
Ҳã
վãӦϸ˼ζλջ֮ദȻ̲ݻӱȥˣǸˡźͽһĹִƫִҲԣǱϾһ꣬Ѿ˲Ʋӱܡ
ǸҪ룬롭
ȻҪ룬Ҫһ侲룬Ӧúͽֿټͬţյ˾ϣԽɢ
䱦֮վ䱦һıȻת뿪ھ߽ĽʱһδĿбӣֱûһкˡ
ĽŲ£Ŀһ۵ıˣ´ɫ
ûгǴ󲽸߽ȥ䱦󣬿䱦ڵıһ־ʣµбȻת첽׷׷ȥ
׷ȥʱ򣬽Сè
ա
ܲӸղһֱಽԶһԵıèĽ벻ֶѣȷûèа
ֻСèʱʱĿмеֿίǣֲ
оͨСèĽ඼ı飬Ժﲻɵ𽭻źСèһί̲±ı顭
ȫ벻Ӷѡ
̾Ȼתèˣ˵

èĿ⿴һۣ´ȴվûġ
տ˵
ŶˣèǰȴǵͷҿһϷȴϵģ
ռֱûƢˣҪͽܣҪˣ
Ϣ
º޺ȻĿ⿴û˵ҪҪںһΣ
ԣʱ̧ͷ۾ڷŹ⣬ãԥ˵
Ҳ޷ˣϾһŲŵӣҪ
Ϲأ֣
ţصͷӦ
ﱧŵĻèҲӦһ㡣
һңǻþеΧɱңǽƾͼƵʱɱһڳԺڡտ˵ԭǴʦֵģڡˡ
ҪҴҶһâ촽򣬡Ҳԡ
ҿıá
Ȼƽ˵մһɲͲġ
ա
չΪ
ʲôģղףǽ˾䣬Ϊ⵽ɽڲ飬ǣ˵ײá
ԣĿӲȴҲ˵ʲôĿԹǴߡ

Ҳ֪Ϊʲôܴһ￴ô


166 ᣨʮߣ
ȿȡԽǵСֻҪñɡ
嫡˪ٴ
ѪʿҪץִž, ֻܽڵնɱѪµĳ, Ȼħŵһµü, Ϊǰð˴գվ
嫣˵ҺѪֶԸףҪѳɽħ˪£һ, ʲôѱϣɫ˼
ʲôɫʵ
̧ͷûʲô
㡣˵Ҳû׷, ǽбŵСè͹ȥû㣬һֱָͣܳ
˵Сèʱġ˼, ڷĻһ㡣
տ͹Сè, ɺܺèë, оģûֿ, Ҳ˳ƽ˹, ڻ, ߣ˰è
~~~°͵Сèеֽ, ۾һı顣
߰ɡ
պͽؾĴѰҩڿˣǸմɸżջ񲻷ƣҲǰ㼱ռʡο´Сžţ嫡˪ǣǷɱһʱ䴢ɸȸκռʶø죬ʲô
һ㼱ȸжûУ̬ȵĺܡ
Ǻܷϵռʵʱһӳȥ嫡˪¼ˣһصˣһƻ
û뵽˴Ҷ֮߾һԪӤʿ嫺޺˵ܴʵ°ޣǸʲô·
֪ɫͬģƻûһѾݾ´ҪȦ׾ˣء
˭Ҳû뵽յԾȻһԪӤʿǿȷ˴Ҷ߲Ŷ֣ǱߵûԪӤʿ˵
ԪӤðաԳһ˵ĸΪԪӤĴ޲ϧ
ʮһɾۼ֮أħʿǱǶͲˣԪӤ޲ŲðգҲЩĽʿŻһҲغҺ
ԣһ̽ʵѪΪҪץգΪɱ
һϣһħѪŷǿʳֻΪһǰ˲˷հΣǱץգô͸ŹɹŹ֡
嫷˵ѪŵĴ޿ϧĺܡ
ɫ迴һۣ˵ʱ֪ˣµ֮ץˡ
ѾݾˣȦϹ²ף˽ƻĺܣֺǿ˵
Щ֪ܲɫݵֻҪץס
һԵ˪°Ƕ˵ĶԻһ⣬֮˵һơ
ԣ嫺תͷ
˵˵˵
ΪҪץ粻˳٣ֻһԪӤޣʦͣʱͼˡ˪˵
üʾ
ʦһ˶ԸλԪӤв㣬˶Ըأ˪˵ȻĿ⿴ǣΪɽɵƽ̴ɷá
ȤŶɷ磬ӦǺ
ᡣ˪ƶ˵ֻҪ㣬á
ɷ磬̫Ӯ
Ŀⶢô˵
ɷŶβã⵽ŵôſ̷˪˵ֻҪǸܹܴҶսӣһᶯġ
˵⻰ʱҲ̽ƺؾϤȻǰɸżȥϹ׼еڶ
Ҳ뵽ˣ˪˵취֮ûзԶתͷĿ⿴嫡
ֻ˳˼
֮󣬡ã죡˵
Ȼ
˪ĿʱһȻеڶɸżֻҪɸżãһʯ
öˣ˭ȥϵ˵ɷ磿˵ô˵۾ȴǿ˪µġ
˪Ҳ˼΢Ц˵ȥ
û˱ʺˡ
˵óīǧﴫϵɷ磬ɷ˵Ļش𡣵ȻδἰѪŵĴڣֻǵ˽˽Թɷ絽ɽɵƽ̴ӣħʿΪУ˪ⲿֲᡣ
ĻǧﴫǱɷһ󳤾õĳĬ˪Ҳֻ΢ЦĵĻش
֮󣬡ֻǽȥɸУҲ֡ɷ˵º޹ء
Ҫı֤˵
һԵ˵ԣҷħĲǣ㡣
ҴӦˡɷ˵
֮ͨԱߵ嫷һЦνҲˡ

ǰ
֧˸ڿŰ㣬⴦㣬ڸϸ壬ʮζְֻ⴦һ뿪ͱɡ
ܼû뵽ﾹȻˣյָӽȥץ㣬׼ƳСɡС֮ǰȿ˼ԼԺιè
ھǽӺͿںץ㣬ں߿㣬Сè˳ſűߣһ˫ԲèͫһգգǰϵĿ㣬𽥿İɢζζǵĻèĽУһȲεı顣
԰ٵȵȣûأһֻ˳Žűèèëһַֻſϵ㡣
ɷҵյʱ򣬿ôһĻʱˣվԶδ
һϮˮɫȹĶʶ΢ЦڻԱߣȻԵõĿ㣬űſֻèҫͶ
Ա߲Źĳγͦοץ㡣
һĻ·¾ȻԵãɷȴ͵رһʹ
ʺʹһţһʶûյӣܴˣ
ʾãػȴ޷õġ
ɷ¼޼ˣԭﱧеһ˿ԥͷ״ˣɫһ¶ĲԥһƱҪøǰΣֲһֵʧ
Ŷĳɼ룬Ϊʦɽɵ⺰ǰȥ˵һﻰⶼǶĲ֪Ϊڴ˾ɼ
Ҳǿʱɷ˵
Ļȴʧ
ɷֻΪǲĳɼҧһ³ȡúΣʦʧ
Ŀؿһۣ̾˿㻹δס


ǰգɷ罫Щȥǰеʦã
ڿ̧ͷȥɷ磬գ۾ɫֲ⣬Ϲˡ
ſűߵĻèҲ̧ͬ۾ǰɷ翴ȥһ·Ӧһ㡣


167 ᣨʮˣ
ʦ֡տǰͻȻֵɷ磬е
ЩĻ, ֲǺ⡣ɷȻ, ˳Ǻ˪һ˹, û֤ݣԲ˵
ɷ翴ֱ˵ʦãҷһϹ˶Ըһͬǰȥ̽һ
ô˵ջȷɷ˪Ľ͵һȥ, ׵ĶʳһģĿⶨ죬Ȼָ˵Ҳʰɡ
кβʡɷ翴˵, ͬʦãαؽƽЩ
Ц£Ȼ˵ˡ
˵գŤͷԱԶںץĽ
ȻǵһεʦͨѧĻ̌ͷ, Ŀ⳯Ǳ߿ȥ, Ŀѯ, 
ûˡ˵ͽ, ץɡ
, ջĿ, Ƴһ۳ֵɷ, Ȼͷ
ˡ˵ҪȥĻ͵ôһҴӦ
ɷԿۺвĽ¶Īֵİʿ⣬ջĿ̽յλǣ
·ʿǷǮԴӦؾ赭д˵

ɷ翴һۣҲû˵ûֻǵͷӦУǾʹһؾҶռķݣǶ˸ݡ
ãʦˬ ˵
˵գŤͷںץĽһץˣߣȥƱġ
ɷ⻰ʱǣĿΪûʦ÷ĺܡ
յ㲻ɫֽеȫöǬռڣת˰
߰ɡռˣǰɷ˵
һ˱㳯ɷеϹɸȥ
һʱϹɸ
տǰȴΡĹȺ˵Ϲɸ
Ѫŵħ޺ôֱʣȦ׶õɸżףôҵôദɸġ
ĻԵɷĿһۣôʦֻƭ㲻ɣ
Ҽʶ١˵ѵüϹɸʧ̬
ɷͲÿɷ˵ǽȥɡ
á
գɷ˱㴳ȥɸڣһ·ɱնа壬ֱ
ϹɸϹɸ󷨻ء޶ѶԸȴɸʱ˶ϴˡ
ջ񲻷ƣҲֵáҵ龧䱦Ц
ɷ翴һۣɫ˼֣δ˵
ˣȥһ
һָȥһʯҡ
ȡ
˵ԽԽȡ
ȵһʯҵʱղ֪Ϊһ·ȣ𣡡
̧Ŀǰһ޴ĻӣĿľǳܻ棬ڻһذɫĻһģ档
ʦáɷ翪˵ãʦȥɡ
տǰҵһ𣬺ԥ˵ˣҲϲ𡣡
ŤͷԵĽ˵ȥɣӦûͦʺġ
ԣһۡ
ձܿĿ⣬Ժ︡ջ֮겻ıѩ˪ӣڻЩϵĺ˪ѩգ⻰Һջ֮˵ֻ롭
ҲµڸʲôҲջĿ⣬̧ǰĳʯңȻԥ̤˽ȥ
һ̤ڣԭݷĻʱ·𱻼ŭһ㽫˶ɣΪǽΪ治ɫŲȶĳǰ밵ɫȥ
ÿ߽ȥһ֮㷢һҵĶ棬ͼջãŵɫı亮˪пĻ涼ˡ
ܻ޷赲ǰеĽŲɫǰ֣շڵڡ
һշʱҵĻɢȥ롱һ£ȫʧˡ
һ¾
þˡղɵ˿ֲ˲ϵĺһΪһᱻ졣
ǰշĽ
տؽе㣬Ѫˡ
Ŀ⿴󣬡Ѫ
š
ûˡüϵ
ߣѪսе
ֲ´ǣֵʺ죬ţѪˡ
һ˵꣬㣬ۡһһѪ
ա
ǰѪĽһס˲֪ηӦ
Ǻ侲ȡһ侲ĲɾǣɫҲǳȵ޴󰭡
һأ֡ۡһһѪ
΢첻ϵѪɺѪء
ա
⿴ȫûµӰ
ձˡ
ǺܿͷӦˣǰȥǰȡҩιߣĺ޷ľֽҩʳȥǲûʲôãɻǲϵѪ
ա
ҾͲ֪Ǻˡ
Ĳ֪ôӦˣϺӦĸãȻ;޴ı顣
޲ߣѪϵʱ
ûõģ
һ֣嫡塢˪Լŵʮҩȵӡ˳֡
̧ͷȥ
շǰԵľڤĻɵе˥߶嫿ǰպѪϵĽЦ˵ Ϊ׼ģ
ǣ
տǶʱ¶𾪵ɫǷӦһ㣬Ťͷǰɷ磬ʵʦ֣һģƭǰ
ʦáɷ翴º֮࣬˵ֻǱȽףǸϹɸҽ
ұ֤֮鲻֣ǵĶԹнգ˵Ҳ˺㡣
ԣնʱЦһѾ˺ңӦƭǰʱѾ˺ң
ʦ֡ź޻ɫɷ磬˵֪ʲôˣѪŵˣ塢ң˪ѺѪħ֣ѳʦţ㻹ҪΪ𣡡
ɷԶʱһתͷ嫺壬ɫɲ
ȴЦŶ˵֮ʲţ֮Ľײеֻ֪ҪСˣձҵȴߣ֮±㲻ᴫȥҲǸǡ

嫿ɷ磬Ҳڵľ
ڳĿⶼϡ
ɷĬãԱվվ˵ְɣսپץ˾;뿪Ҫ󡣡
ؾڶץˣ̡
˵Ļŵģ˵֮ǰɻֻǾܾȥѡ
װ֪治֪޷ˡ
ľɷ磡ԣĿⶢһһԴͬţرŵ𣡡
嫷һЦˣ
˵գ󲽳ǰպͽǰֱԱѪֹĽ˵ͷһˡ
Ŀи⣬ΪץңΪɱǰʲôʱħˣǲһǿʳ
嫿Ц㵹˽ħޣҲ¸㣬ץΪָҪ㣬˵˭
һ˭˭Ҫץң
ȥ˲֪ˡ˵һ˵ӡ
˵գ㳯ǰ̽ץա
ּյʱһԵĽ͵֣ץס̽צ
¶ʱһæ̧ͷĿ⿴
һתֻ֣һۣһҽУ嫵ֱ۶ϣֱִֻȫɱ
㣡۾ͨԽڤĻԽ죬㲻𣡣
ĻţһƽɣءһɳȥײǰǽڣȻһѪ
˷Ҳ˪£ɫĪ⡣
ϣ嵱ϣʮѪŵӺ˵񶾻ǿ֮ĩҪ
䣬һʿȥΧסս
˪վһԿľ¾ɲǽѪֹս
ۿţһ£˪༱ˣջǽǶ˶ǲıˣ
˪һᣬԱվɷеʦ壡㻹֣ǶˣƲϵ
ɷĿ𺿴һۣ죡ȵȴǳ˽ǰŽΧȥ
ԭɳȥ嫼ɷΧϢԣһסռǺ޷ıһóѣץס֮嫱ͳһ顣
ռ˾٣Ϊȥҧһ˦ĳֻһֻСɵĻèڰлΪһͷ޴İ׻ſ޿һҧ嫵һֱֻۣ𣡡

һҽУûһֻ첲Ѫ첻ϵڵء
޴׻ҧһֺֻв㣬һֻֻץգ𡱽һȻǰ˫߷嫣˰ѹڵأ˫ŲſѪ̴ڶ֡һ
ա
һľȻı鿴ǰ޴ſھҧһ˸첲İ׻룬˵õѪͳвèأ
вè

ӣ


168 ᣨʮţ
̧ͷǰŲݻХα˼ٱİ׻а, ŻֻɰСеСè䡣
թƭ
ͼЮսİ׻ȵðʱ, һ߽Ҳ塢ɷԼʮѪħޡ˶ʰ, ɷҲȫĶ֣Ʋ嵱볷ˣɽڲûա
ɷúǷݣɫѿƸ¶ɲ֣ԽԽ, ҲԽأǼƷҪɱ
, ѪŹѳɽǰħɷĸɽɣ޷Ҳɽɣɽʲôǡ
ԣҲ, Ҳ, ǽնֻ, Ųᱩ¶ȥܰɽƽ̴ʦ֣
, ɷɫɫԽ, еĽҲȾɷ, ɺڡ
ǲ, 壬ȺѪšҵĴ֣ȫǽĶ֡
һ˽жȻһⳤۣ㽫˰սת塢ҵȫסˡ
ʱɷ硢塢ˡѪħȫһ
һԵ˪¼״ȥʱɫ԰ѿ˵תӣֱʯֱȥ
̧ĿĳһۣȻ˦һֱӽס˻

˪´һʹŤסȴԽԽ
͵̧ͷ۾ˮǰɫĽǱȵģǱβòʹ
⸱Ȼ滨ģ޶ãֱӴһĿں
أ
տľٶĵɵúã˭ҪƱưֱϽţá

̧ǰ嫲ڽµİ׻ſ
׻Զʱɿ˰ѹצӣȻͷſ콫ҧٺݺ˦ȥ
ۡ
˱˦ɳȥ嫣ڰһѪ
ȥָ΢˪µӶʱɿһسȥסе嫣Ҳȥ˪һһ
˿ں޷˪¿ǰһ˰Ѫ嫣ʱɫҰף񾪿֣ƴſҪУȴ޷
þĿǰɫĽϧ̧֣Ȼʼսδһۡ
Ѫŵħޡҵˣ˪¡ɷŮڣȫһˡ²ɵظпȻȷǴϹȻһ˵˼Ǽɷ˪¹һѪħһͬƭֵʱ黹ǼΪӣϧмֺɸ֣αأ
Σлˡǰ˾䣬ûɣ
ղſ˲Ѫ
С
ա
Сϵܣ㲻ʵŶ
һ˸ɷһȺƲɵļƿɲӡ
治ɫ˵ؿۣҲǷѪĺ֢
Ǻǡ
а
ͳһƿ󲹵˵ȥһ
ƿ󲹵治ɫյУȻ˵ˡ

Ȼ˲Ҫ޵У
룬չԽûûƤˡ
Ⱥô죿յͷ۱ڵϵ嫡塢˪¡ɷһ˵ȣЩؾһʱգܲܽһֱŰɣ
һȻҽǴȥɽȥðɡ
㣿̧ɵܳȥ
ɡ˵
룬Ȼ˵ҲС
Ҳμȵģȥȥһȥ֮ǰȰǵĴȫˡ˵ϹأǶ԰֡
ԲɵЦ£˵á
ŤͷȺסˣвԼ֣Ҷ֣



һȺ˳Ĭ˲䣬ȻԼȡϵĴȫ˳ȥ
ʱϾͶϰٸ䡣
ʱϲ˵Ȼҽᡭķ¸
ķ֮ձ̧ͷǰ˵ôȥ
˵ȥ˵
ȻձĿͽ˺˸ռ䣬ק˪¡ɷˣֱӴ˺ѵĿռ˳ȥ
㡣ǰ˵
գվֻиְˣķݡ
Ƚɷ硢˪¡嫡һȫ뿪֮ʯڶʱֻʣպ͡һֻҲɰСİ׻
תͷǰ޹ﻹմѪĹԲ۾һգգİ׻ײִȣؿɼȻôײһצ˵ľ޴׻Ͽ⡣

鸴ӵ
׻Բ۾գգϡɼֻСС׻èСɰӰӡ
Ȼֻ޴İ׻ԽԽСԽԽС
ˮΪֻСС׻è~~ǰսеֽ
տ⸱Ӷʱ̾˿ôȻԭ˭Сɰأ
ǰȥССĻèҲŲӳȥ´βˡóѩ׵մŵѪɾ´βҧడ
~~~
С߻һУڻ
㣬ʡ£չ׺
~~~~
Сèȴһ㶼أš


뿪֮⴦Ϲɸڱֻʣһˣһֻè
һһèͽʣµİɸȫɨһգض顣
µʱ䣬ֻصǴںСѬСɣͷ
ĥµʱ䣬ֱؾգ˶ͳȥؾ
ʦ֡տŴҶһĨЦջΣ
ҶҲЦпɡ
Ǿջ񲻷Ƶ˼Ҳ˵Ҳпɡ
ͬǶ˵һˬȣμͻ±ҪԵǱˣͷģ϶ˡ
ʲôˣտʵ
μЦһ˵ͬʦýȥؾñһͬжˣһżȥ̽ͱһӵߺͶ䣬òҡ
ջ١Ҳ˵Ҳֵá
ˡĿǣȻ𾴣ܴѵĶǺˣǶ˻ɱֻܿգѰκβǣɻ
߰ɣȥʡ˵
Ȼһ˱ȥ㣬ؾȡɽɵʦ㡣
װʵĶɽͳһŵĴ䣬һģԵ˶óĸ䣬Ҳ߰˸ʮģֵգһ˦ʮ䣬ʵɽʦֶˡ
ʦãȥ𣿡ɽʦ̲ס˵
ôᡣռЦʦôôңƺΪ壡
ɽʦ֡
Ȼȥ٣ڳԺ˰ɡ
ȵؾ֮ȫһӦĻ֣ȻһսĻӣó
λϵѸٵı䶯ţֱͣ¡
еһģɽүүӡ
˦ڶԶһء
ϵʿɵط˾̾׷ױʾû״һЩ䲻ǰ׵õġ
ϹɸʮʿĴ䣬۲ƣ
˵û˵ȫȥˣȥ޻ر˸ɾ


ա
ϵЩʱ󾪣ô֪ģ
ô֪ؾɶ
ȻΪֱ˰
Լֱ˵˲ֹһʿҲ׷׷ˣʱɫ֣һʼؾûʲôõ飬Ȼֻ˱龫֣˭ûô㲻뱻˿߳أ
գҩ衣


169 ᣨ꣩
Ϊؾܴͷ޷ÿط԰ڵнؾڵʿΪΪؾڲֱ, ҲûЩֵֹĻе, ֪, ÿЯīƷǧﴫǳ䵱ͷĹܣʱֱ
ա
﷭ˣˣ
С޽ļլ
֪֮˶ƿڴīΪձɽթ̽ǡ
īվЦǺǱʾ, ˴Ϊܹʱ׷ٹۿؾ̽Ϊ֣ʶ˴¡ʵ, ǧﴫ׷ӰֱǿԹرյġ
ֻҪرˣ޷¼Ӱֱˡʿ֤ǿѡرջǿ
ʿн飬Ͼֻô棬˭, ɹرտĻҲǲܽܡ
ʿܵĵǺܿ, ɿȺؾ̽ĸʿ, ޷ֱĲǣٵҲ, ǵȻ޹ؽҪ
, ʼձڹ
ҲڷʡԼ, ˼ؾڵΪ, ԽɫԽڣԽѿ
㻮ˮִڳԺڡأ˳ܵͽһ·ദ
ڲ
ջ֮
˲֪ؾȫ̸ֱջ֮᲻֪Ҫǲ֪վͰͷժߣģǹģڵĸī֭һԭջ֮תӡ˲ֵ˹ȵףȽؾ֮ǰҪ⡣
Ȼջ֮Լ˸ͨĻûµʿ޷ݣڻϵĴ߶Чİ
Ҳ˵
ʮһɣеĻϵĴ߶Ŀһջ֮ɽƽŮޣĸЦ硭
Űɡ
һ뵽վͺ޲ҿ鶹һͷײ̲סס
վԵĻ²ԵĿʵʦ㣬ôˣ
޿˵
¡
һãȻʲô

ؾ̽ر֮Ҳ˽
յıҲˣաҶμͻµɽүүӶ˵һڶҩȣս￴ƲսսѷһġȴŵƣǼΪó䱸Ϳơ
Ϲأǰʮս⽱Ϊ׵ɽүүӵȵĽÿ˸һ⡣
һǵ⣬ڵ˶ˣҶ۾£Ǹɵ֮ڲؾ¥ײ⴫ǱŵĵӣҪۿҪŹףȴܵһ⣬ʵ̫ˣ
ԱߵҩȺսӷ׷׶Ƿ˼Ľ޵񣬺üʰȻǵ⣬ôǵĵһأ֪֪ǾŬһˣ
ȻŬҲãϾ
Ҫгȡɽſһϲա¡μʹҶЦǺ˵Եߵ֮
ԣĿѯʵĿ
˼ǣǰȥץĸĸɽ˰һεĹ䣬ЦǺǵ
ա
ȻҪ鿨𣡣
ˣϵ㲻ΪҪ˺أ鿨һʱˬ᳡
һҪǳĲҪǲϲģس𣿡ʵ
ǲԵġɽ˵̰ġ
ա
аɣѪͳʱˡ
һǴҶ̽ȥڣץһȻջأ̽ȥۣʵĽ⣬ʦֺ
Ҳ䣡æ˵
ҶԣҲЦ£Ȼͷյ£˵ʦã䣬öԡ
˵ģ
ʹ˰ͷȻջ̽ǰڣĬɣҵĽʥʡ⣡
ڹץסһæץһնʱ£еϹŽʥ½տġʮ¡

յԺ︡ǸΪ½տĽʥӣɫʱϵĺ΢Ц
һ˲䣬ɫЩ㱣Ǻָֻܿ糣
ǽʥ½տġʮ¡ҹȻأתͷԴҶЦ˵лʦ֣˳ɹ
ҶҲЦһ
֮󣬸Ҳ½뿪ɽɣظɡ
ҪҪһ칦磬һͱոܾˣһ㶼صޣϴεĽѵ𣿲ҪԲҪ
ðɡ¼̬ȼ޻תأҲֻա
úϢѵǶ۵¡˵ˡ
뿪ҩȣȻڣ󡭡
ҲӭһһĴǱҲͰˣͬྼҲˡǣĳһ磬յű죬ȥţվһϮ¿Цݺ紺İ¹Ժɽʱ
ĻƵİ¹ԺѧĶʱָ֧̿ˣÿû£
ɽϵɫɵЦһ˵ĪţֻУǰͬδĵӵѡ
첻ǲŸռ𣿡˵һ·˳磿
ɽԶʱЦˣȻȡһ񡣡
ֽӹһ۱ת뿪ˣͷ·ֻ͸
֮յͷе̴ľУֻڰڷһѾɵȣȡչֻһ˴˯ͼýŭŵĺ캣ԵľͤڣһλˮɫȹŮߣӽ绨԰ڷűį̄һֽҶš
ռ״ʱһ㶣ϵŮģ
֮
ߡ
·ŻغڣȻ˯͵ңޣϲߡ
¹Ժ뿪֮īҲ뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰ칤ʦǰһ棬Ҫ뿪ˡ
ţߣұ㲻ˡ˵´ȥī档
칤ʦ̣˵á
㡣һڽɫƽ˵ƾīκһе̶԰ۡ
£˾Ҳɡ
ԶʱһЦˣһûô۾Ϳˣ
ֽӹƣȻ˵ǲ⣬ҪҪСɣ
ܺóԵġȡһСɣЦ˵
칤ʦеСɹͷ´˵īҲкܶ㡣
ܺóԡ
´ȥպ˵
ţ


ɶȺ뿪ˣΨһֱ
պ뿪壬ǰȥջ֮ľһ·ȥ˽յĹ⣬Ȼֿ˷š
Ƭ֮
ŴˣһϮѩɫ۵ջ֮ɫվڣĿѩʿ
չҽȥ𣿡տ΢Ц˵
ջ֮Ȼ΢΢ɡ
֮
ǰ£Ĳ輸һתͷܿľɫԶɽⰻȻ
Щġȡ˼䣬ŵջ֮ǰ֮ǰߵĿ죬ʣµɸõһ룬ȸ裬Сɣȫˣ
ջ֮Ŀ⿴һۣˡ
ӦõġЦ˵ҶСɶģɷˣҺòóԡ
ջ֮ɫ΢٣Ȼ̧ɫѩ΢΢ڣá
Һϲ˵ȻǰĴ
տãſֱϣ¿ֱϣð֮˿еջ֮
ջ̧֮
лҪ˵˵ǽ㣬ҴûиҲ졣Ҳ֪ˣҲὫ㵱ǶǶ㶼ƽ

ԣ㣬̧ջ֮Ը𣿡
ǽҲչջ֮ҾǿԳΪѡ˵Ը𣿡
ҾһͦнѾģرǻƻ顣˸Цյ
ջ֮Ŀⶨ֮˵á
¿ʼ𡭡ϱѩڣ΢΢һЦټɫҲá
ĸá
޷˵ԽٴγǰıһԵȴ룬ƴҪǷԵǰԭΪ˾ٲɹʣ޷ܻĽ
ǣһִ𰸡
ջ֮ҵҳΪ֪աǰĶׯŮ
Ȼ԰ҵңա
õ𰸣ջ֮Цˣţա
Ҹ뿪ˣԶĴݣңŷ˵Ὣݸң۶ԶҶǰ㡣
˵Ȼһѩ彻ƣƣѩˡ


170 ֮
һ뿪ɽɵģԴǰɶ뿪, ֵɽһ¾ͰҲ˷Ӧ, ɽɱȫڽ, չΪڳ顣ڼûγ˲̽ӣЩħޣЩġ
Ҳ̷ýõʦ֪˪ºɷĴý֣սƽֱӽס嫡塢˪¡ɷһƽɽɡ
˪£кͬ, ħ޹ᣬнħΪѺȡ̷õʦ˵, һʼʸڷԼкͬţֻ˵ǱѪħ޺ȵģòʱǣ֮ġ
Ʊ粻޻ڸ֮⣡ֱؾڵӰһ, ؾΪ, ͵Ϯɱͬʦ, Ѫħ޹ᰵͬšȫع⣬֤ɽ, ޻˵˵, λ̷õʦֻЦЦ, īֱͦõ, ÿطװһЩյƤĵǾһӲˡ
Ŀ⿴ۣȻʦͨģֱһ̷ִõ˾뵽üˡ
˪ԲΪɵĵ˺ԭǷϳΪŵģ˽ħΪֹΪ磬ֻýȡ̷ʦ˵ջЦ˵˵аĹǧϰһϰ˱˺޵ؿݡ
ʵϰħģ
̷ʦֿһۣȻҲǵһħĲл꣬ħĹϰħҲǴħѧġ֪Щǧͷϳɾħ˼úܣħǽ·͡
ʲôꣿʵҪľ񣬶ȴѵõı˪һŵŪЩ䱦
ûľ꣬ǵ죬Ҳ챻ǲлˡ̷ʦ˵һ˿ûһ˿Ѳ
ԣնʱ޻˵ˣֻ˵ŮôȻûǰ÷ˮ۷壬˵û˵ѽ֣ҲӦ
ɵ̾˿αأʵʵ̤̤ʵʵ𣿡
̷õʦֵǲΪ⣬˵ʦ㻹Ǽ٣̷ôһʱ֪ˣ˲٣̰ģ
˪ΪкͬţħţнħΪȡ
ɷ磬򱻰ƽ̴ӵݣ䵽߾ϡɽؿǧ꣬ǧ겻뿪
ϡɽ˼壬ϡ֮أ䵽ʿܹ뿪ģ϶ڵˡΪӣ޺ÿնҪܱߵޣʮּϡ䵽ʿΪһԪӤʿԪҲǧ꣬ǧǶϾɷպ
˳ͷпȴֱ档
ɷ뿪ɽɵһգȥһ档
ʦ֡մ˷ţվһϮɫɫ԰㲵ɷ磬ɫ΢£Ȼȱ𣿡
лɷ˵Ȼ̤Žȥˡ
ĴߣľĲ輸ϰڷһ໨ɲߣպɷǰһȲ裬ƮĲˮۡ
ǸɷãڴƳĬؾڣҺܱǸŲţҲδмӺ˼ֻǡ
˵ˡտ鶼Ѿȥˣ˵档
ɷԿЦ˵öԣ˵ʲôá
ҵȻ뿪ˡ˵
տɫ糣ûκɫƽ侲һ̡
ɷ̧ͷĿ⿴һۣ֮󣬡á
ʦ֣ȥѾȥҪǵºδճٱⱭҾʦǰ·ƽ
ɷԾ豭ͷһ
Ɑ裬ձ뿪һ·͵ɽ⡣
ʦ·һߡɷͣɽɽ⣬΢΢ͷΡϤĴţЦһҲ֪Ƿٻһա
ԳĬδ˵
ɷ翴һۣȻתȥԼǰ߾ǰ·ѣѾûлͷϣˡ
һ
ǵû˪µĻûǺ
û
վɽǰãעɷȥӰ²ɵ̾˿ܡ顱ıĿȫǣɷ绹·̫̫ң̫
Ϊҵ棬˵һС
ͬμȴһμȴҲʼбӣȡᡣ
˴ᣬպʹҶĵӳͷμʼն͵ĴԸϢ绯ꡣ
ңȨٲڡ
ҵ·֮ʱҵٺͺ·ȫ¶ţһֲִõʿǵõ鱨ֱӰǰħȫץˣץ˲Ѫŵħޡ
Ҽͼ˶ƿڴ䡭ʼʶδһԣֻ֮˵һ仰˵ûУ˵ˣǾֵˣôģ
ԣҼҼ˵ɫ䣬ԭ֪ҪңҼɫ仯Ī⣬ն޵֮ǰȫװģ
ΪʵĴЭ̷üǲѴ֮ռȫҺħѪŹ֤ݣЩûɽɽ֮󣬽ҵļˡλϵҪʿɱ˵ɱΪķΪ
µΪ»δйȫһڰɽɵ򣬽Ҵɽɳ
Դˣɽɲڡ
ҵ龪ȨǸµķ˵źһʹùѪͷֱָ治Ը£ͷʵλӵܣȨʲô״£ˣᵳӪ˽
ȨҲǸͷģ˵ұλ͡

⣬ֱŸʹһ١
ȨͷȨƸͽֻлӹʦ֮λ֮ǰȨҲҪλϡ
ѪŵȺħޣɽϵĵѺţ̷õľͨʵʿὫǵԺĶȫڳһ˿
ʹǺӣѪŵʿΪҪץң
ֻΪʮǰɱѪŵǰоΪð˴ա
Ǻӿһֻۣ֪ħеλָҪץ㡣
Ըɻˣ˭
֪Ǻ˵Ǳ䷨˵Ǹ˵Ĵڡ
˼ã˵ȷųһΣδӴʶκħޡ
ǺӿһۣȻˣ㲻Ҫ룬µΪֹʣµĽŰɡ
šӦȻ̧ʦ࣬ҸоҵͻƽӤʱչӤ
Ǻ˵ţΪ񣬸ȹ̣Ӥⲻ󡣡
ȥʦ˵һ׼չء˵
Ǻ뿪֮ձȥѰ˴Ҷ
ʦ֣ҴչسӤն˵
ҶЦʦòţвӤ硣
ʦ˻ɷңǰҿɲԳš˵ȻʵʦΪҲ㹻ͻƻ񲻹һ֮ң˴಻ƣ㡭չ𣿡
Ҷɫ˵δʱ򡣡
ԣձ㲻˵ˡ
һºʽչƽӤ
һչؾʮꡣ
ʮձչصĶϿֲӿƶؾڣҵı䶯
˷ɫʱɽɵע⡣
ɽʿ׷̧ͷķ򣬡λʦҪɽ𣿡
ԪӤ١
ʦɣҲ˵չسƽӤˡ


ɽɵĵӷ׷׷ͷ飬עյĶɽ١
ߡ
Ҹֱֳɽ٣ɽٵʮǰ£޽һˣţ˫ˣ˱չʮأƶǶɽٽӤʱ
ɽɵĵӿ°ֻͷֱֳյĶɽ١
յĴ˲䣬ֱӿ˴ŷʿһˡ
ȻѾʮعȥˣǵڴϵķͷɲѷ꣬˵Ϊֻռȸˡ
˫˺;ţͬʱһϵʱȤ͹޵յľһˣǾˣ׷ᣬջԴȶȺͰԺš
ʾվڲǰԽ˰¹ԺɽΪ޽绰ʿû֮һ֮ǰͷ걻¹Ժɽռݡ
˵¹ԺɽԴµĿʱɽֻЦ˵˾䣬ʤ
һζʾǲĳ˵ĻЩܺ˱˰
ѹǳݣصܲգͬ챻˺ڲһ㣬˲ؾ㰵ûһ˿
Ȼ󡪡
һϵ磬ޱߵ˸űǡ¡һ죬޾׽ٰϵֱֱ½նڣֻһ˲䣬ԭıչض˸顣
һϮˮɫ۵գվ׽֮¡


171 
հžŰʮһ׽٣ŽԪӤ
ɹ׽֮, ɢȥ, ׽ʧ, ԭεصҲɢ˿¶ʵա
غ񣬵ԾڴڱǼƣԶպȼܻ棬ޱ߳ɫĺճ޾, һƬĿĺ죡
ɽˣͨۿⳡӤٵʿ׷״󺧣ʲôǺεȽӤ, £
ӤԤʾĳδ߹ȥͨδ
δ޾춼Ҫմ˵ıң˵Ĺ, ˵ġꡣ
˾δʱ, ءডһ, ֻһֻɫķųĽɫβԻгɶ, ֱϾ, ʧ֮䡣
Ƿ
Ƿ񡣡
ʾŻ, 𣿡


սӤȥѾ, Ӥ䶯˺һɽɺʿ飬ʲô²ⶼˣ˵ռһٶɹ֮ǷֱϣҲ˵Ծ;д׵˵ǰǷͶ̥Ϊˡ
֮ܶʿԶ
նЩ޸ݵĲ²ⲻΪȻֻǳӤѣ˵ô
ɽٽӤֱ֮˸СعΪ֮ȥݼʦǺӡ
ǺӿϢ⣬ͷ˵̨Ϣγ˴αչͻǡˮɣ
ʦ̵ĺáЦ˵
ǺЦˡ
ȥʦĽӤ񡣡һľнգ˵
ֽӹ򿪣ֻͷһɫʯ
ǣ׾˵Ȼ̧ǰǺӣʦ㲻Ҹɱⱦʯҽ룬ḡ𣿡
ǺƳһۣҪͻΪʦ
Ҫɫ׾Уһִֻɱϣ̵Ҫ±ʯˣİ
ɱģԷ١
ǺƳһĪ͸ŹήҲϢɱһ֮ͬģһɱ˹
ݴǺ֮תȥⳤϿ˵ȺĴҶ
ʦ֡սе
Ҷ̧ȥЦ£ʦá
ʦôȥ˹ȥʵ
Ҷ˵±㲻ȥ߶ʦˡ
˵գյΪ磬Ц˼֣ʦøʵӤ֮ΪԶһԪӤʿǿ
մʦ̵ֽúá
ƺĳ˵Ľˣ֪ƭΪʦ
Ǻӣ㷽Ŷҿɲ˵ġ
ֻûţĿգգǰҶǿҰʾ
͡
ҶЦˣ㰡ٶŪʦ𡣡
У˵װɵ۾ϵʦ֣ҲңҶʦľ֮Ͻˮ಻ϡ
ڵŭˡ
˵䡣ҶһεĿ
ռװɵʲôҲû˵
ˣǰҶȴǽʳָ˴ߣ˸Ķ
Ҷˣʦá
ţӦ
Ϊʦŭ㣬ҪҪɽһˣҶ˵
ɽʲôȥպʵ
¸ĸ磬һͬǰȥҶ˵
ðҲδĴӦʦֵ𣿻ʲôأһδأʦ㳤𣿡
̫񡣡Ҷ˵


պ˼š񡢻¼ɽ棬ԻףӤʵѯǸθ
Ҫһ¥ᣬһƷ裬Ȼ򵥵˵һϿѯʣһţȥʦֵף٣ҸʲôŲźã
ʦֵףɫ˵˾䣬ʦԭ׵İ
⻰˵áƳ۵ʦֲʯͷĳģȻװ
ɫڨڨǲΪδʦ飬˵ʦԴɽ֮Ҳδȥаɣ
ǡǰֽ񣬻´δ˵Ҷе飬һֱǣ޹ңʦǺ⣬ͺˣἰҶҪʡ׵ʱ򣬲Ż˾ȡ
˵ǰҶҲʡ׹
ʱգǰᣬɲãԴҶǰûлʡ治֪벻֮ġڡ»Щأ
ն˼Ļ󵱼Ҳ˵˵㣬Ҳܾȣڴ֮ǰΪʦֺһġ
޸ĸĹ¶Ͼʦδἰκйе˺¡һֱΪҲǹ¶ʦΪΪҡ
̫֪ˣһԵļ˵޼ſҲĴң޼һμʢ޽齣˫ƣϧ硣
ԣպͻһ̧ͷȥ
ƼǺ񣬶ʱ£ǿյ齣˫ĴʢǴʦֵĸףһεޱв䣬ʱ޼ҵļ˻̥ΪܵɵĴľ˸̥Ѳˡ
档ʱʵʱĿʦ֣
ſͷûǴʦ֡
ʿ̥ף߽ʿǣһ̥ѲǾʮΣգвһʬʱ޼붯˶֣űס˴޷ĸӶƽɹ´޼Ÿӡ˵

ԽԽͿˣ𣿡
޼Ҿ붯֣һɻ޽һλԶΪԺ޽硣ݾĵײǹغ£Ͳ֡
԰λû˵˵㣬޽е˶ףΪζ޷ˣҲÿȷʵԭֻܲ²޼ҲλоɰɣǴ޼ͶԨԴö
Ҳûԭˣǰλ󲻿Եĵ͵ֻоɽˡ
ΣҶҪл˵
Կ
֣ûڵʦ֣ûʦҲͲڵҡЦ˵ҿʦġ
ԣ̧ͷһۣɫжݺ˼
Ҫô˵ĻҲûԶԹλ֮µĺ쳾¾ŲмҲѰرԡмɡ
ʦ㣬ƻ˵
ż״ʱ׻׻̵ʿͬˣһ˼һ飬ǷµҪġǷǶ۾Ͳһˣ۾ǰȻǼƽЩǣžǡ
ȻҲǸ͸־λˡŲΪ˵Ҳ˵˵
ռ⻰ԶˣҲ˵˵ʦֵ磬ʲôã
ǴʦֵףԲᡣµҲ̫ء
˵ֽ޼ҵҵǴ޷ˣһңطѰ֮ˣ᲻ʤ⡣
һԵƬ̣Ȼ䱦һᣬǧԪ
룬˵ԡ
ԪǧıҪԵòôϡУǷԪ޽ģǧԪǡǲ᲻أͳ
ɣ
վ˵

䱦öǧԪ֮ͬҶһɽǰſΪ޼ҷף١
ʦ֡Ҷ޷ʲôˣ
ҶãȻƢã㽫Ѱɡ
֮⣬ǲԶͨ𾴾ǣ
ʦֺ׸һ㣬Ҳ⣬ʦô궼û飬鲻úáֻǣΪŸӣкΪĸ׹ϵһġ
ͺ֡
ƷĻһյĹ㵽֮ſ
˳ǳأ֡
޸λǣռһ֣ռ꣬һΡӴۡ
תǴ޸һ¾ʹַɾųʯĳϣһˣ尲·Ÿߴͩ͹
·ľͷǴ޸
Ҷմͩ͹еĳ޸⣬ŵĴ޸ͿǶˣʱǰѯʣߺˣ
ĳҶɽɶҶɫ䵭Աš
޸£һŷӦǴү
үˣеȻתܽȥڣһ·ţүˣ
ա
ʦֺʹ޼ǵĺܡ
ֹǹϵһ㣬ǡĲС
޸ż;˿Ҷն⣬û취ֻõ棬Ŵ޸ˡ
ղɵ̾˿
Ҷתͷһۣʵôˣ
û¡̧Цʾû¡
Ҷ˵˾䣬Ǹ
ʦֺαؼ⡣ղͬ˵֮˼⣬ܴһؼңʵҺܿġ
˵ʦûҵˡ룬Ȼм˵ĻһҲὫʦִȥܸҼ˵ġ
һϲʦġЦ˵Ϊʦ
Ҷ΢˵˾䣬Ǹ
ˣ״Ʋ˵ʦ㻹ǺҼ⣬Ҿˡ
šҶǸʦִˣû´ˡ
ա
ûˣֱо͵˰ɡ
տ˵Щʲô磡޸ںشһ
תͷȥֻ޸߳һλźĺ쳤ȹŮӣɫǾĿͷվŵĴҶ˵㣬硣
ա
ԣնʱúЦ޸˶ô£ˣҲˣѲɻмٵĲɡ
λ޸ŮƺҲԼĲԣȵֻû뵽
ʵ̲סˣ˵ʦֵٵΪʦԸûĸף٣˼򵥵飬ôһ⣿
Ǵ޸ŮԣĿ⿴գһ˲һޣ漴͵Ҷа֮δ˴λҲδйţէȻңŻ˾ϲ
տĵͦ˵ˮ©ֻǡϲҿֻоϲɡ

ҿʦ֡
¶ԴҶֻԼʦ˲޸ĸ˵űСɿ
ƺǲһ㣬ԵĴҶ֣Ȼ̧ǰ޼Ů˵дŸ
޼Ůһ㶣ȻܿķӦҲδü֪ͨҵȡ
ŴҶƽ޲ı飬£תƻ⣬ԵգЦ˵λǡ
ʦãաҶ˵Ȼתͷ˵ã
ԭӡЦ˵⻹ǶһδŮӻһܸ˵ġ
ԣ̧һۣҲЦ˵ʦֻһʦãȻֻܴһ˭ǰʦûиСʦأ
ϵЦݽһ˲Ȼָ̬Цݵ壬˵ǰȥ֪ͨ
ͷˡҶ˵Ȼ˸
ԣҲס֣΢΢̾һ֪ˣ粻
ǣҲ֪ʦ־ҪǱĵ˿Ҳܡ
ǱϾĸס


172 ǰ
ŴҶǰȥݼ޷ˣ, ;һƬ, 㵽˴޷˾סԺӡ
ͥԺǰ, һ䳨ãһϮɫѷƵòϷҶ̧߽Ŀ⳯ǰ˿ȥڴҶϣˡ
ҶĿ⿴, 
ԣ޷˵΢΢, ׯҲͣá
һԴ״ϢתȥˣռԾñδĸӡ
վڴҶԵԥ£Ҳתȥˡ
⡣
Ҳˡת, Ц⡣
, ʦӦкܶ໰ͬ޷˵˵
ҶԺʵ, Ͷܺ𣿡
Ļշ˵ͬʦ, Ǻõ, ʦѵ鲻𣿡
ﲻ̽ζ
ϱ˼, ˵Ҳ֪, ǲá
ǣܹûͶá˵¶ȵģǣĪ﷢𡣡
˵գЦһ˵ҴС¶硣
ԣնʱʵʦǰʲôӣ
һȻ˵Ȼ̾˿û뵽Ȼ١
˭û뵽ɡ˵Ȼüһǳ
տϵɫﲻԣƺϲʦֻΪʲôأ
£˵ʦֻ޷ף٣޷Ӧܸ˰ɡ
šӦϵĳɫ
֮
Ҷ߳ߣʦãҪ㡣
̧ȥ¶˸ĵЦݣǸȥݼ
ŴҶݡ
ɡ޷˿ׯ¶Цݣ˵Ҷͷչˡ
գգ۾˵˵˰ɣͷʦֲŶԣʦƽΪչҡ
ԣ޷תԱվŵĴҶδԷĬ⻰²ɲ죬ٿյʱ㲻ɵЦҶ䵭ӣչ𣿡
̽Ҫ̫ԡ
ҲɵؿԵĴҶʦڼҵǸʲôӣôʧܵﶼ㣬øη绢
ţʦܺáտŴ޷ˣ϶˵ʦرչˣҺСʱͱʦּ˻ȥʦõɶ겻£ʦչ˵ҡ
Խ޷ϵɫԽ죬ƵƵתͷԴҶ
Ҷǣ޳ͦΣӢɫȻΨҪŮ˵
ҶɽǺεģ˵˵޷˿գʵ
ʦ
޷ŴҶ飬ٽĸ֮ĸ飬רõȤ齲ռ̸죬ֺĳˣǱǲʧܵġ
޷˱ЦϵЦҲ˼֣ԽԽͻϲҶԣұˣһֱҶӡ
̾˿Ȼ˵ҶǰڼҾûû뵽ȥɽɱ仯֮󡣡
ԣպʵʦǰڼģ
ǰСһģССձűȲֲˡ޷˱˵ҶСʱ飬⻹յһ˵ǱýζһŻһٵĿԱߵĴҶ
Ҷ
ƽһŮ˾˶໰ĵĸп
պʹ޷ڽ죬޷˷ȥЪϢʱ򣬴Ҷ˿
ڵ̸ˣһֱͷĴ˽޷ԣͷ˵һ󣬴޷˲̧ǰĴҶ˵ҶԺѾʰˣǲ⣬ҶԵĿͷڡ
˵˱ɡ
ǱҶǰȥɡ޷Ц½ӷ磬
ͷ˷ˡյ
ͬҶȥڴҶԣǰסĵط
ʦ֣ǰûС𣿡պʵ
šҶӦƳ񣬶£ǰЩڳ˿ѰȻӦ֪Ķ
ɽ֮ʦ̻ңҲŶԭģ仯͸顣תͷԵЦ£ԺҲŻ㣬Ҽʮ꣬ҾͲˡ
󣬶ʱ۾˵ܺá
Ҷ˼£Ȼ˵ǵܺá
ô˵Ҳû룬Ҳͬ˵
ҶǰסԺӾ޷˵ԺӺܽתһ·㵽ˡ
Բε߽ȥĿһͥԺ̨ϱ㵽˷⣬ҵӡҶָָǰӶ˵Աġ
ĿĿǰĹرյţ˵ʦ֣ܲܽȥ㷿俴
Ҷۣ˵кκÿģ뿴Ǳɡ
˵գƿŽȥսںҲȥˡ
Ƚȥ֮յ߻һۣȻ˵ȷûʲôÿġ
ҶӺܼ򵥣򵥵ĵ˼ªĵز˻Ĵˣĺ˾סĵط
δ飬Ҳˣס˵ľɾӲܸкۼľӿյĿ˿˵ĺۼһյĿݡ
˵ԭһݡ
ʹ޷˶ԴҶʱۣӴ˼пɿ̽֡
ǰȤҶǰӣ˵ʱңһϲġ
Ҳһ˵ͷӣЦ˵Ͼʦ㳤ôÿ˵Ҿϲأ
ԣҶɵҲЦˣʦ˵һĻ
ףʦ˵𣿡վȵ
ǰǰҸɽʱʦͷʲôҪ̣Ҳһܹ˵ÿһ飬ʱͷ˱˵Ҫǿ㳤ͦɰϲΪʦŲ㣡Ҷ˵ǰ΢ЦԴʱұ֪˳úÿһΪ顣
ա
տشС
ʦȫ趼տأ
ǰ֪ԭʦʦǶǿտأҺòҰնʱʦ˵ǰһǲǿҳÿɰ
ǣ󡣡Ҷֱ˵
ˣʢСʱҲѩɰСģʦңղе


ͬʱһߡ
Ҷˣôˣƫƫʱ򣡡˽ӵϢɲ
һɫԥɣ֮˵ǲ֪֪ǵĴ㣿
ܣ곤˶ȻϵҶ֪£˻֪ǡ
ǣ
˽
ԣ˶ʱʧɫѵ֪ˣ

곤ɫ֮ɫݵ֪ΣɲӦҲôӦ
б䣬еļƻҰ಻顣Ը


173 ߻ƻ
ҹ޷˱½ӷϴ硣
ոҶһͬϯ, ǰõʱ, ڵĴľԲǰѾ˲ˡ
Ҹֵ, ҷֱҶ壬壬壬µǸҶĶӴ쳣µĶӴ޿ŮҶܵ
˳ĻɨһȦǰԲŵ, ޷λ·Ŵ޶үүʹүұλճ, ȻǴ쳡ʹ޿
޸˶´ˡ
߰ɡҶ˵˾䣬Ȼ˹ȥڴ޷·ұ߿ճǸλ£, Ŵ쳡֮, ԱߵĴ̧, һۣƴճȥ֮, µջĿ⡣
˵, ϲ˰ɡ޷˵
̺ԵŮӦ, תȥ˴
ڼ, үŶĴҶЦ˵Ҷôʱˡ
ɽɷʲô𣿡ʵ
Ҷ̧ƳۣʦһаãҴ˷ΪǸĸף٣ˡ
үʵҲ˴ͻȻ治£
к£Ҷʵô£
ⲻǹ㡣ڨ
λĴ޷ˣˣġ᲻صľ˴үһۣҶܻﻶϲĻǶ˵ˡ
ڴ±һϮµĴ޿ʱЦŵ粻ǻؼһˣؾͻأݵõǲģҲ̫ܵˣҪ𣡡
Ӵү⻰ʱôӵۣĿݺݵصһۣ񾯸棬СӸҵţ
Ҳ˵䡣޷˿˴޿һۣ
޿ˣͷȾơ
Ǵ޶үŷӦһ㣬ЦǺǵ˵ûҡ
ŴҶЦͰرأҲ㣬ܻãֻǰûӰü˹
Ҷۣɵ˵ǡ
үԼҶĵȺ󷢻Ҳ̧ͷǰѾֶӣвɵһǰҲֶ˿ʾ˫ǵŮĽеľٱǰҶ̾ûʲô˵ģⱭƣһգҲˡ
ҶҲ˱л塣
˱оơ
޷ʱ˵ֶδǸúúúȼ
˵գеıӶԱߵգЦ˵ⱭҾ㣬Ҷлչ㡣
æ𱭣˵˿ˣҺʦֲ˼⣬ûʲôллġ
úӡ޷˿˵
˻˱
Ƕʦû뵽ȻƯСʦãƯþͺˡһԵĴ޿գ̾˵
Ҫ˵ʼδ˵Ĵüǳ˾䣬ð
տһۣ޼ҵϢõǹ죬Ŷô޼ҵ˱㶼ˣҽܶδأ
ɼ޼⼸λүĺܹĴҶ˴εĻؼҡ
ǿޣðˣδ˵ʲô㵹ƽˡ޿
üͷĸˡ
ۿ˱ҪмĴʱĿڵδãȴֳ㡣
Ц˵ѵкβ𣿡
޿ϵЦݶʱ˸æ˵ûУûУõúܣܺã
ԲˣԲˣϽļ˿Ӳ˵ֺá
״ЦҲգξˡ
ⳡ̱˻⵭ȥ
տЦ̵ˮ©Ĵ޸˴޷ˣ¾λ޴Сǡ
Ǹŵ޼ɵģǹҡ
ϴĻǸ
϶ԼǷ·żɵʦֿ
һٽӷֻǳ˼ƣ˼¿ӱˣʳζȴһ飬޸ˮء
и˼

޷ٵмա
Щڣʱڴ޷ԣ޷˾κһĺӵĸһѯʴҶ飬ɽɵ
նĵĻش͵Ǻ̫̫ˣȻ޷òԶԶƲ̫̫ʿղϣԶҪʮ˾ʮˣʮ˾Ͷʮˡ
ǣ޷˵ΪҲ¶һ飬ǾĺʹҶ죬ĸ衣
һδ޷գҶϲĹ
һڣֻ˵ϲʲôĹ
²ɰЦĵȻĸ׶һģ״߻ҲӱܲˣȻܻش޷⣬Լ֪أ룬˺βȥʦ֣ʦһԸͬ˵ġ
󣬴޷ϵЦݶʱȥ
տɫ֮󣬲˵ҴǸʲôҲʡ
ȥⱲӻϲһһ޷˿գס֣Һû㣬ҶǺӶǲһġ
ҿóĿ˲һ
ԳĬ£⻰ҽӣ޷˵˼ǡʦֵ׵ģ޵δⷽ飬˭ȥ鰮İͽǷաǳϲ̣ңڲʿһԶ׷ѰǴŶԡ
ˣҶˡ
ȡᣬЩᣬЩء
ҶǺථʦˣᶨ
޷˿ǲġ
޷޵ȴУҶɽɽɣǳˡ
գֻǵ˾䣬˸߿ˣʦһ鳤ͬǱѰ˸Щ
޷һۣȻЦʦǲˣ֪֪ףһԡ
ա
޷Ҫʦִյһȥˣ⻰Ĳȥˡ
·𿴵ϱӹϼټвĸ׵Ĵ߻顭
û뵽˻Ѳ˱ƻ飬ֻǴܹ°˴Ҷһ󣬾òصȻһԴ޷˳һУͶңȥ˵ʦִƣ¶Ĵ
Ӧ˴޷˼ֻ֮þƣᣬѾȥˣ
Եڶ죬ձԴҶ˵ʦ֣Ӱɣ
Ҷ̧ѯʿ
ǿӣȻһᣬ޷ָ˹ҹȥͻƷˣһǰ²׵ı

Ҷʹı飬ʱЩʦã̡
̼գȹˡ
һ̶̲ȥˣռҵķʦֽ㲻ҳȥ뿪޸ĴţҾ͡Ҿ͵ǰ
Ҷ׳ʿľĸˣĿ㶿죬ŸĿڵǣھ߰ɡ
Ҵǰȥ䡣˵
ãӦ
ߴŴҶϽߣһ޷˾͸ȥͻƷˡ
ΪͻƷ裬ʵΪ߻ƻ顣
ѾӦˣԻӰɣӱȻɳܵã
ˣˡ

ڳǡ
ſǰǣֵ֡
պʹҶ֣Ϊӱܴ޷ﰵĴ̽ͽʹҶԣ˵˾Ϊӱ鷳
ʹҶϽûһᣬµ鷳
ڶţ磬̺ݻۿžҪȺܵĽࡣ
еʱѧУﲻɻŹļƣƽ֣ܿΡ
ɲɣиˡ
һ˵ͷˣһϮɧĲǴ޸ٴ޿˭
ա
ôɵ
ڵûϽ߻ü
޷ྴ߻˼ֻ֮徲徲徲˭
ʦ֡յҶߣ˵˾䣬ǿߣ֮ǰ
ҶԿһۣ˿Ц⣬á
ȻǾĵת׼ԶⳡǷǣδ߳ǰۼĴ޿СӾͿ׼ߵˣе磬ɰҲڡ
͵ʧܱסա
ȷɣ˭뵽һγλүȺأ

ԤУҪðˡ
ô죿վԵĴҶȤζˣǻ߲ߣ
ߣôߣܵܶˣͲ֮ͷ㣿û˵һۣ˻úܣ
Ҷǵ˵¡
ҡ
ա
Զԡ
ָԼʦֽ֣ûָˡ
ˣԼʦڴ޸ϣ൱Ĳ£Įַϵ⣬Ҳôġ
ԣֻˡ




174 ʹ
תǰĴ޿˸к, ӡ
, û뵽㰡޿ʱЦ˵, Ե
Ͷ𣿲ɣδأб仯ܴ󣬺ܶطʶˡ޿˵
лӺ⣬ֻǱߡæ𣿡տ۱Ⱥָ˵
û, û£޿ΪȻ˵ȻתͷȺ˵ɢ˰ɣɢ˰, Сүû棬´ΰɣ
˵գ̧°ͳŶǸΪ״ӵĻ˵ѦСģξҷŹ, ´
ǻԶʱ, ˵, ˣ
˰ɣ
޿Ҷ, ҵȥ
磿Ǹ˵еĴ޶ĿĴǰҶ, ȻЦһ, , ǴαҪıգ
ҿ˵ˣ޶үǵ˵ӽҪ̳д޼Ҽ֮λģƴƽǸ۸ڶģͺѾϴ޼ҵļһ쳻ſ
޿Զʱɫ䣬æֹҪ˵
죡
˵꣬תͷɫŵĿĴҶɫƽ侲û˿ɫ˿
磬ѦСĺ˵ûе飡һͰϹ˵Щеûġ޿˵
ԶѦĹԶʱЦһڳм⻰һ㡣
޿ģɫûź˵ЩʲôϽŤͷĿ⾯ĵһۣ죡
ѦĹӼһ˵Ҿ͸㷭ģЦмȴҲδٶ˵ʲôֻɫʱȤȻζˣû˼
˵գкһ˵ȣһȺ뿪ˡ
ʣµһȺҲڴ޿ʾ£뿪ˡ
Ⱥȫ߿ˣرĳΣ뿪ˣ޿ų׷ָֻ֮ǰǸЦı飬۴Ҷ黹ǸղŷǸӣˡ漴ŤͷԱգ˵֪⸽мرõľ¥𣿡
տЦð
Ǳ߰ɣҴ·޿Ц˵


޿ſĵͷߣԺ־ͨرԻ档ǴպʹҶȥһž¥֮ڵ򵼴ڳһ죬ĩִȥһҼóŵʳһСʳѰҵ
պʹҶȥ֮󣬰ָƼʳֲˣյֺ֮ɫ˵ӴͻȻһ£Լǲˣˣ룬ﰡ
ԿЦǵĲˣ»ͷһ졣
ĶܸͶҵң£ҵˡ޿˵
ȥɣȥɡ˵Ͳˡ
ˡ޿˵תͷԱߵĴҶֽ˾䣬˰
šҶӦ
޿뿪
Сܵǲ֮նŴҶЦм˼
ҶԲÿɷ
֮ǰȥѯʣٴ޿ѾǮ
˶ŵͬҶߣӰǸˡ˵ϿŵǰΪǸͨ͸ˡ
Ҷԣϱ鵭ʵϲţ
Уȷζ˵
´Ҷ˵
ðմӦȻתͷԵĴҶԥ£ʵʦ̳д޼𣿡
ҶԲûشǳĬ֮ʵȥ̳𣿡
ʦԸˣտ˵ҵĻҵȻϣʦܹ壬ʦֻ˴޼ңԺ˰ɡ
Ҷ֮Цˣ˵öԡ
ķǰСʱһͷӲˣ֡
˵նʱһƮݣң
㲻֪ͷŮ˵жôҪһжͺͷŮҹҹʧȥƮ㷢
תȥ˴޸

պ󣬱㵽˴޷ٵ֮ա
޸ŵƽʣæµڿǰôԺڣϰľϯ
ſҺſڵĴСŶǰף٣޷λҶԱߡ
վڴǰӭ
ϯò֣ã˶ϲɫ޷ף١
޷ˣٱɽ
һ꣬޷ɻǵǸӣ˻
޷ɻǵࣿ


ףʺ͹أַǷ˶Ц˺ѣΨպʹҶϯԣݳһԣһϲͬһɵɷǵĶԵ˳룬Χ˶һ
ԶɽϵĽޣԶ쳾մȾİ̻Ϣ
ʱʱ˳ǿȴֻһ۱ƿĿ⣬ȻЦ˵̸ʼնδǰǶ˴
ָо
·ࡣ
ɽ֮޸һֱΧ˸оһ˲ˣ쳣
ղͷΣ˷粻ĴҶҲ˴ɽԭֻΪ˸޷ף֮ǰ궼δһΡ
ǲĿһ㣬Ҷתͷƽʵʲô
ûʲôҡҡͷ˵
ˣҶʵ
ʦֲ֣Сӡ￴˵
ҶЦ
ʱһʹͣشϷٵ
ԭ̸ֽİϯʱ˲䰲˷׷̧ͷǰŷȥ
̸߽Ĵ޷Ҳ̧ͣ⿴ȥɫһ˲Ļ㱣Ȼվӭ˳ȥ
վǰǰȴš
Ŀĳǰͷȥ°ʦ˵ľȻģ޸Ͷʹн飬һ߸Ͼ칬쳾Ķʹ˸޷˺٣ô棡
ܵĵʹû뵽ʹȻˣ
ǿǶʹǧ궫ʹΣձһΣ
ĴŶģ޷˶ʹλĶݰ


ֿԵĴҶһۣҲ̧΢΢üǰ⡣
Ƭ֮һϮǳϳ۵Ķʹһڽľ񻨵ĳд˽
޷ˡ޷ǰ֮ǰ˵ء
޷ɫӵĿ֮͵ҵ
ԵŮǰȥӹʹеĺȻʹ˵ʹ
ʹԭ˵ЩʲôĿڴǰϯŵĴҶʱ˿ڵǱ㹧
ȥڴҶͣ£ԭڴҶ˼״æλ˳룬
лʹ˵ȻҲˡ
ա
ֱλʹʹǳʦģ֪µģǳĿҲֱ̫ˣ
λʹ˴ҶһջĿˣ⻹ʱʱĳȥӡˡ
޷˻ڴҶĶʹʹϱ鸴ӣͣ²ȥ
£ʹʹ㿴˵ѯʷһ仰˿ɻǵõԼ
޷ԶʱɫȻ䣬ɫĪ֮
˱áʹ˵
ǶûͷûβĻʱڳ˵ĺ棬˰ն°²⣬޷˺ͶʹλкԼ
ֱʦйأȻĿֿԵĴҶĿ¶ֵǡ
ҶȴͷһۣЦ££صġ
šտӦ
ڶĶʹʹ״΢΢£ɫ˼
Զʹʹ֮ԭϲľϯȻûʲô˽̸˵ˡڱͶĿ̽Ѱڴ޷˺Ͷʹʹƣϲ֪Щʲô
Щ죬Եм־
ڴ龰£޶үŴ޼ҵļλϺͷּҵļλ˽쳸С
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һûӦǸʲôĿɨڳڱһۣδʲô쳣̧ͷǰ޷ˣЦǺǵɩ磬ô˶˵ûϲ֡
ڱ͡
ԣĳλʹϴӶҷڱͶʱ׷׶ŭĿǲ˵ˣ
ĳλɴ˾ףʹʹҲ̧ۣһһӶĴƵĴ޶үȴδĿ⣬δע⵽
޶үҲںȺ˵˵λĴ޷ˣЦǺǵǴɩ磬Ҵ޸Ĵ£޶ڴ˸ɩףˣ
˵գװģĸ޷˸Ҿ
޷Ŀ⿴˵ףٱ㲻ˣҲҵ
϶ô˴ôƣô޷˶˵Ļ𣡡
޶ү˵ҴȥҲˣ޼ˣɩ˶꣬ǲġ
Ŵ޷˵ճŴɩ磬˶ڣ֤гϺͷּҵĸλֹ鶨´޼ҵһμ
һʱ農϶Ҫƹ
޷Զʱһϣվ϶ʲô
޸μǰйأմ޷뻵ҹ𣡡
޶үԣ˵ɩĪҪҴ˾ҲǱƵΣҹûҶΪɵͽպҪ̳ɵ²
˵գ̾˿ǰλϵĴҶҶԶʮΪͽܣɽɣҲδ̤޸һ޸֮λʵﵽûд޼ң
ܷ񵱵޼Ҽ֮λܷЩò˻ɰ
յ˴Ҷͷϡ
ʹʹ̧һ۶Ҷı飬ǳƽɫû˿ݡ
˵һǧһҶĶӣǴ޸Ψһļ̳кˣ޸ϸ̳У޷ȫ׹ֻҪҶһ죬ȾҪȨλ
϶ɶԵ磡粻Ŀ𣡡޷
϶̧ԼŵֳƤһ˵˵磬ҲŸʴɩ˵˵ʱԼɶԵҴ磡
⻰ʲô˼޷Զʱɫ䵭˵
϶̧Ŀ⻷ܱһۣ̾˿˵µҲ˲ôˣ˵ҳ󲻿ֻһ䡣
Ŀֱǰ޷ˣʵҶҴĶӣ


175 ϳԵ
޶ү˻һʱԾ, û뵽Ǿءլ˽޶үڽ¶, ǵҪƵô޷ĸӶ̨, °
Ҳ£תͷԵĴҶҶȴס֣תͷ΢ҡͷ¡
ıƽģĿⰲĿ
շס, ţ¡
ǰ޶үŵĴ޷ˣɫں˵˵Щʲô
Һ𣡣޷ɫüΪѿ, Դ϶ԣ
޶үȴǲ˵½մɩǲܸһҴҲĿģ
˵, ̧𻷹һ, ´ж, ²죡ҴȻ£جĴؼ, Ҵɩ˶̥, µķǸ̥
󶫻ʹ, ˲, ֮Ҵɩ㱧ŸճĴҶ˳ҴŸӣ޶үɫʹ˵һֱܵ尾ҶǷҴӣǸӤںδ
ҡҶԲҴ簡޶үɫȻ͵̧ͷǰ޷ˣɫݵմɩƱҪοҴ֮飡
ʱȻ⡢⡭
ڱ͵ĿҲɵתɫĴ޷ˡ
ͬ޶үǰĴ޼ҼλϣҲڵѪɻ޴ϱ㽫ʵɣ
ҶǴ޴ϱǡʹλģԼĳϱɴֱʵ
⻰һͲ𾪣Ǿˡ
ջ𾪳ԹϵͶʱˣоԼ֪ǲ̫˵㡭
ͣԹϵģֻһη度һ߳ԹϣԵĻζ
ıʰ㿩
ǣ޷˱˸ˣ
ϯϵĶʹʹɫҲ㵣ԼҵĪױ١
òԳδá
ڶ˺ƵĴ޷˺ʹ޶ү֮Уز˸޶үȥһʶˣüȵǺˣ
ʹʹ̧ƽ˵ʹ󡣡
޶ү
ϱһ˲֣̿ʹôˣ
䷽ʹˮĴ޼ҳϣʱɷˣ첻ٿ
޶үǿѹĵĻ֣̿ڻ׼˴޷ˣݵɩֻһҶǲǴĶӣ
ǲᶫʹˡ
޷Ŀ䶢Ȼɨվŵļλ޼ҳϣɨվд쳵ʱ򣬴쳵ͷܿĿ⣬ãܺãǣ޷Ŀ⿴ȺԴ޶үΪ׵Ĵ޼ˣ̣ǿЦû뵽ô꣬Ǿ˿Ҷ
Ҷô꾹һֱ˲֮ԩ޷ɫ䣬Ȼ֪Ǳ㿪Ѫ
޶үԶʱɫ˱䣬ԭʮþȵ޷ҪѪм־ɲɵתͷһԵĴҶ°ĪǴ޼ӣ
ˣݲȴ޶үҧҧҲݵǱ㿪
˵գ̧ͷĿ⻷ڳڱһۣλҴ޼ҹͣλƲ֤
ڱͳɻᣬȵãӦԣ϶֮ɵø޷ˡ޸һ
Ҷ޷תͷϯϵĴҶ˵ίˣﲻԩģ
Ϊɡ
ҶվƲߵ޷ԣֲ壬߰ɡ
û뵽˾ٶĴ޷˻ʱһ̧ݣۿ΢죬úӣ
ץ֣΢΢£Ȼ͵վֱƿ֣սʿһȻͦǣ߰ɣ
տǰͦӰ·𿴼ǽϵİȻ÷˪ѩֲȾ
޼
޷ˡҶ޶ү쳺ʹ޼Ҽλȫվڴ޼ڣ޼Ŵ޼ҵϵڵơ
ǰ޷ףصλͣպλʹʹڣվż⣬Ŀͷ龰
϶ձԸ޷˿Ŵ޶үЩ޸ϣȻתͷǰŵĴ޼ڣϣվλӢ飬ʦ鼱ΣλڻҶһף
Ҷ޷˽е
Ҷǰȥվڴ޸¡
ұƳһξѪ޷˵
ҶһԣָƳһѪѪȻһ³ǰ޸λȥһ㱻һڣûУȻʧ
˵ȴ˰죬ǵѪɳûʧӰ١
ѪˣǴʢĶӣ޼ҵһλϼ״гҶǵξѪǴʢơ
ˣ
޶ү״ʱʧеɫȻһףҲûǰʢˣ˼㱣ʧǡ
ô̽ˣҶҶǵǸӤǷǸӤûˣѵܸɣ
ʣĿǰʢơ
ˣ
޼ҳϼ״ָŴ޶үŭ˵ҶǴ޼ӣɿǰʴ޴ϱƭǣ֤ȷ䣬ɻʲôҪ˵
Ϳһ޼ҳ̾Ϳ
һۣǴ޶үѶȨ£տڰ¶ɩ
λͼ״һ˵޼ˮײۏ
ǶʹλʹƮƮ˵˾䣬˵أ
⻰ǵղĿۣĥ⻰ѵǻ˲֪ٸǧϼһﻹǸװ׵Ĵ
ôںҵҵ֪
޶үһʱʧ֮ĶŴ޷ˣҹϣĽѽ⣬Ż˻飡
һΪ룬Ϊ˴޼ңɩܹңȴңҾ˽ġ޶үΪԼͲûָ췢ˡ
޷Ŀۣδʲôֻ̬Ƕڳ˵־λЦˣϲ֮ȴֵ˲
ȻˣŽսһи͵ؽˣλƲ޸á޷˵
Ȼһˣ޶ү쳡޼ҳڣǰȥ˴޸á
дλ޷˷ԸȻԴҶ˵Ҷҽ
ǡӦ
Ҷ޷˽á
λԵƬ̡վ˵ˣǸ˵λЦˡ

޷˶ŴҶڱǣǷʣ
ǡҶĿĸ׸֪
޷˶죬˵ʱɵģ
ڷšҶ˵


ʱ
Ҷ˳һڵĿⶼ
壬壬塣ҶһеĿǰȺеĴ޿ϣ޿
ͻȻͷĴ޿͵̧ͷһ״ãȻң
ҽĸҪǡҶ˵
޿
޿˵ңǲǽдˣ
ӴүӺһѰסԴȵȥͽȥô໰
Ӳȥˡ
ȴ޶үүүʹ޿ŴҶȥ֮
ڡ
޸Ҫˡ
϶Ҳǣֳôһרôӣ
϶ص



ɩүϷŵˮϲŭĴ޷ˣ˾䡣
޶үһǰɫվԲүʹ޿ǵͷֲǳͷ϶Уأ
޷̧·վŵĴ޸λүһλСү޿Ϊ޼μ
˻һʱһס
޿һʲôң
ָԼһţǲ˵ˣ
޷˿һۣɫû㡣
޿
ŤͷԱߵĴҶҶһ䵭飬⣬¶ʱ¡
ҾҿԵΡڨڨ˵ǲٺúصĿ¡
죡Ӵү
޿ˣתͷϵˣ
ү
үƤ˳飬ϱʲôŻ̯ôһ˶ӣ
ɩ˵ǿһ޳ɣĲ䲻ͣ⡭ǲǲ̫ʣүվ˵
޷̲˵Щʡ
ȴ޿ˣֵһɽ̵ɲš
޿
ү
үԼҶһ޿κε񣬶ӰҲΪɽɽˣİ
ɩһԴӽûĴ޶ү̲ס֮òԣ쳶޹أǲʧƫģ
޿۾ʱ𣬶ȫˣ
ϷĴ޷̧Ŀ⿴һۣδһԣֻǽһֽ˦
޶ү𣬿һۣɷס
ͬڷĹƱ磬ʱϵıĻˣо壬ͷ亹ֱð
㻹ʲô޷Ŀ⿴
ûС޶ү˵˫һ´ȥҲˣȥ˲˰١
Ǿ˶ˡ޷˵ҳȥ¡
޿
³ɶ֣ϵڴıһ˲ˣҲ̫ûˣôûãѹֲǴĶ֣ҿˣ
ϵڱ˸ͷתĴ޿ʱᡣ

޸á
޷޿Ϊ޼μʱ
ڳڱһ˲Ŀ뿴Աǰ˲ϵĴ޶үˮһհ
վڴ·Ĵ쳣֮ɫĿⲻʲסϷվڴ޷ԵĴ޿۵Ѫ˿졣
޿
Ҳ̧ݺݵɻȥҿɲ㣡
ϵɫŤˣ񶾵ĶҪɳ
ϷĴ޷˲̲һ񣬴¶ȻһæͷȥȥеĿ⡣
վλˣǴ޸ĲǣΪǸ⣬ձͽԿǰ޸һ޸Ͻ⡣޷˶˵
ڱԣʱ֮ϲû뵽첻˳֣˻Ե
޷˿ˡڱæ˵յ֮ңԵü޸⡣
ǰ޸ʱҶվڴͥԺڣǰ԰ڻݲݡ
ʦ֡ԣе
ʦáҶ̧˵뿪ɡ
տð
߰ɡǰȥŴҶĸ첲պȱ̫ŸͽʦֲȥѰһ
á
Ҷĸ첲ǰ߳ȥ뿪˴޸
󷽡
һϮ컪ȹĴ޷վżǰԶԶ뿪Ӱһԡ
ߵԣ˵¶硭
ˡ޷˵ס
ס


뿪˴޸ԶſպʹҶڷǰǣǵؾ˵̫ŸǴȥ
ʦ֡˵գǰȥ޸ӦǶʹλ𡣡
Ҷû˵
տ˵㲻ô֪𣿡
ô֪ģҶ˳ʵ
λʹʹ¶ġյ˵㿴Ҷֻ֪նʹǰ˴޸ǲ֪˭ֻճƲȥĵǶʹĳλɳǽմ޶үʴ޷ǲǶʹĳλĶʱλʹʹԷ˵ҵûӣװ׵ӡ
˵Ĵ޸Ƕˣ
ҶһۣûУû˵װӡ
࣬˼ղΪ˵



176 ݺ
װ׶𡣡Ϸǲ, ¼
ǲǰҶЦ˵, λʹʹǲã

ҶϱʱŹ, ΢Ŀһۣʦԡ
ɧջ벻⣬ֲңҾҪ˵

ʦáҶתƻ˵̫Ÿ㻹Ҫʲôͽ
ǾͶ, ҿ̫ͣŸѵԼȥҡ˵
˵˵㻹ҪʲôûСҶ˵
, ѩɽʯҺһ
ҺСҶȡｻ
ֽ£ЦеǾͶлʦˡ
˳ŽǷȥƲ֮ޱ޼ʵĲͰķ·ֿɼƬγĺ
΢΢, ǰ, ſ˱, ׳Ʒ
ʱվסԶһ, ˸վס, ӣ
۾ϵձһȸ˹, ̧ǰȥ, ֻԶһŮŽ׷һæӴܵΰСޡ
һǰɿĴֻݺһں׷ᡣ
գ
߿׷ս
ǰλѻұлλŮҲ˷ϵգ
տǰֻݺҴܵޣŽ˷󣬳ƽ
ὣգ޵Ӱʱͣ£תͷͬὣڵĻŮޣԥȻ͵سߴ˳ȥ
һԥͣ٣׷ĻŮ޻ᣬƵֻóǷ㣬漴ὣϵӽǰסѡն΢Ц˵ʲôỹǽ⿪ĺá
̧ͷһۣţɳƣÿ
ĻŮҲὣϵˣһ޵Ĳϣʵ콫Ҷ

޿һۣҧҧǣ
ǿ׷ᣡ˦һ嶪
ŮֽӹҪ֮ҶԱǧأ
ڿԷ뿪𣿡ʵ
㡣Ů˽ó
תͷҲصľˡ
뿪֮󣬻Ů޽̧ǰգŶлˡ
ֻǾ֮Ͷѡղ˵·ƽε
ŮԶʱЦ㵹塣
֮ҼˣɽݺŮޱϼţպ¿ѰңǷһ顣
Ծȵɽɵλʦ𣿡
ݺһۣѵɽɵĳλʦã
ա˵
ԭʦðݺ˵ʵ̫ˣŵʦöϲˡ
տһۣԪӤΪĵŵĳλӤǰȲϵҲδǵǰһֱˣȻȥʦ֣˵ʦϵá
Ȼʦ㣬ǰҺʦһ𣿡
ʦ֣ݺһۣȻ׵Ҳá
Ƕ˱ַͣڲԶķϡ
ճȥһ˻˸˻ڷڵĴҶ̧һۣѯʡ
ʦλŵݺʦ㡣նܵȻ˽´˾䣬ʦɼ
δҶ˵
󲻽
ûʦҲûеˡɽɵǰ࣬ܲÿʶġǣݺԪӤ߽״ޣʶǾͺ˰
λҲûġݺǰڶڳǰĴҶЦ뿪̫δˡ
Ժʵʦδˣ
룬ü˰ɡݺ˵Щһֱһ磬˺ô󹦷ŵԻһˡ
δȥ˾䣬ˡ
ĵԭˣüûʦֵȷûģʦҲꡣλʦδصļ꣬Ͽͷġ
ݺЦ˵Ҳֵá
ʦк¡
ݺҲԵĿλ£л
ǶǴҶҶһۣȡһµĲߣ衣
֮󣬸ǰպݺԵ˱裬Ȼ󰲾ĿǶˣδԲ
ʦǴ𣿡ʵ
ԭǡݺ˵
ԭǣ
£̧ͷ
Ŀ⣬ݺɫ䣬豭˿Ȼ£תͷЦʵʦôǰδ
Һʦִȥǡ˵
ǣҪȥؾݺ˵
ǰȱ̫ŸͽҲ
ݺɫ˼֣ȻЦеʦǲ⣬ͬȥؾҲδȥˡ
ԣյɫ΢£ȻҲЦ˵ð˶֡
ʦȥؾ𣿡ʵ
ǰȥݺ
ؾʲôӵģʵ
ؾĵ졭ݺ¶ֻ˵


պλ·ϴʦ㣬Ų죬ʮֺã̸ɡλʦʮֲѧ˵쳣ḻƺﶼȥ֪֮ࡣ֪ܶೣ˲֪֪ʶʹţȴ޽糤ʶʮǷȱ
˵һδʧҲ
ʦķλߵĵأʦһͶԵպȥ氡״Ʋʵ
ݺһ°Ц˵ʦѲڴӡ
ԣնʱǸ˵Ǹ
ŻͷȥλĽеΪݺģ룬Ҳ鷳ȻصŻ֪ܲλֹֻǹŹΪ̫෴˻ɲİʦĵϸٵ治ˣҲٲˡ
£ǰˡݺ˵
һʱ
տǰϡɼԶƲֵĽ־ԵĽڶĴҶ˱衣
ݺȻķ·ϰߵľٶ˵˾䣬ʦö˹ϵǺá
Һʦһ𳤴ȻǸáش⻰ڴ޸˵˺ܶˡ
ݺһۣǺʵǰ鳤󡣡
ա
⻹ǵһǶ档
治ɫĿڵ׺һ𳤴󡣡
ԭˡݺ˵Ҿ˵أ
תͷһۣǴôλʦ㡭ģɢŸ߼̲ζ
ðݺЦ˵ϱ黳Ҳһһ𳤴ֿѡ
ǸһҲܺá˳˵
Ǻõģϧˡݺ˵
𣿡ʵ
ˡݺ˵
ա
⻰ô£
ֱˡ
ֻ˵Ǹ
ްݺЦᣬˣҲŹһҵġ
ա
⡭𣿰ޣǺεȸ˴µֿ鰡տʼλˬʴʦ㣬е¡
һ·ԣԶĽȥ
Եݺǲȡŵ壬Ħš
˾ٵգʱĿĳеǿ忴ȥ˾䣬֮ǰ͵ǿ𣿡
ǰݺ̧ЦǺҪµ
ǵȷǺ󡣡˵ɫϣԽԽá죬⣿
̲ס۾ϱ·𿴼ĳֲ˼ľһ㣬Ǵģ̧ͷĿⶢʵ
ĴҶ˼ҲͬѰӦ̧һۡ
ݺЦ˵˵ҪĹ
ա
֮Ŀⶢ죬ɫʼղ΢΢
ôݺʵ𣿡
δմ
ݺĿ⿴Цݲ䣬һΪأ㷽ſϤ֣һֱϣܼ
˵Ҳǡմ
ˣ壬Ϥ
ɫĵϤƵ壬ܳһʱֱ͸һˣ
ǣǶõӰ
顣
Ӧôڵġ
Ǿڽգһʵڵϣٴμ
ôܣôأ
ϵı鲻ɵػ㱳񣬾þδƽ⵽ǡǡ
Եݺϻ㱳ı飬ɵ΢΢ЦˣָĦһе壬Ĵ͸ֱ¡
ʱ٣ټ棬٣
Ѿ㲻Щ̧һӴԵΪݺɽӣһϮѣʵӯƮݳĸ񻣬֫޳̲ɫƫСɫһ˫۾쳣ӡ
Ǹܶصˣ޽ڶɫŮжŮеӢüۼӢ˲ԵսɱеľŮ
һİӣδ
Ǵ˿̣ȴ͸ŹĪϤ
ղɵԼǲã


177 
Ҳֻɺأ
˶Լ˵¹Ժ̫þʵڵΪùþ, ̫þ˶ʵ޽ʵڹ, ǶȻҲһҲݺ, ̫þǿԭ͡
óı˵Ҳӱʵ
֮ܶճɹԼ˵ˡ
ƽϢ̧ŵݺµЦ˵˾䣺廹ͦÿġ
ݺϵɫ֪侲, Ҳ𴽣ǰҲܺÿ
Ҽġ

տһ, ܾ仰лϸ˻־ÿˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ


ǳ⡣
աҶݺ˴ӷҶ˷󡣽ϿսֹУǵڳ˷Ȼǡ
סտǰǰӵųɳӵʿȺ, , ô֮ˣ
ҶǰŶӵǵȺ, Ҳһ죬޽һϵĳǳ, ؾ, ؾȫ޽ʿŵϹؾ, 粻֪޽ʿٻ, ʲôرءҲ类չθɾˡ
ؾҲÿ̶ĳЩҩġ޹ѪƷزģʿؾڲɣ˵˾Ǹ͵زĵͼ
ؾĿؾ޽粻٣ȲȱǰȥҲ̫࣬ÿӭʿǲඨģҪųʵ쳣
ȷ֡Ҷ˵
ݺû˵Ϊ֪ǰ쳣
û취ֻȥŶˡ̾˵ϣǰǡ
ŶӵʱԤƵĻһʱŽǣһΪʱ㹻أֹ˾䣬û뵽˾ȻŶӵһ졣
ҶһɽɵӵƽسǵĳϸȻ󽻻ǡˣվݺĿеǿɽɵãֵʱͳһͬƽسǵĳ۷ȥˡ
˳֮շŶӶС£ٵǡҲͶ޵Ŀջڵʿ̫ˣô֮ʿʵ⣬һͶʧ֮ʿջϰ壬кδ·
ջϰ̧ͷ֪ϸؾһϹŵЩΪ
ɫȣ棿
վԵݺ΢
ȻģżǼλʿǵ˲ٱ۲ĺܡջϰ˵
ɵȻԵ˵ѵӦòԼƵ
ǱǲͳģϹһڣλܷ˵ʱδһºһϻΪʿɿͨ߿ɵ崫кջϰ˵
ȻȺõ飿ˣǶˣ
ôôŹأ͸ŹٵζУͷ·֡ιʼʣڸոҪʽȥҵıأҴһǮҾͷһݱءթƭϢ
ȥǼλʿȷǵõ˲ٱǾ䱦ᶨģˡջϰָ˵˱㹻ˣֻҪﵱر
ͲΣգȥ޻𣿡ʵ
ջϰĿֵĿһۣ˵ûΣյģǴɵӳɣǲɢ޵ļࡣ
ɢްֻҪŵ㣬ԶıŷܲôˣԵǰΣգ󡣡ջϰ˵ǲΣգûΣա
ʱƿԣ⵹ˣŵĵӲȱɵԴǿ޾Ӷ࣬ڵҩʯ͸ϴ跥ǵĵر󲻶࣬ȻҲΪձʸǺãЩиԵĶؾеһ㶼װȫΪϣϲ̼ĳ⡣
ɵײɢ޵ɣɢ޸ݣԼݶԱҲݡ
ɣø֮գǰȥջϰ˵
ոһƿشǴϢı꣬ȻҶݺת뿪ˡ
˿ջ̧֮Ŀǰˣˣסģ
ܲ¶޽ͷɣ˵
Ҳ̫ˣ
λԪӤ¶޽ͷ⵽ǵµɥԵ
ҶԣɵؿЦһҲ졣
֮⣬Ҳû취
̾˿
ݺŰ̾޿κεˣü˵Ҽǵһ
ԣ۾ʱһʦ㣬һ𣿡
ݺڴ飬ɵصЦˣð
ʦ·ˡ˵
ɡݺתǰ·ҼǵþǸ򡣡


178 
ʦڽжأһݺǰĶһߺʵ
Եʻڽסһʱ, Ǹʱ򽨵Ķݺ˵
, °ʦ㻹ξḻ, Ķȥһ
ǰ·ݺضסŲĿǰֲĵ·ɫıߣߡ
˵գաҶǱȥ
ռ״ʱգ̲סʦ⵽Ƕû, ԼҶλöǲˡ
ԽԽߣҲԽƫѾӽǵĳߵƫԶĻɽҰ, Ĵ̣Ӳݴ̫ҲɫһƬƣնɵػܷǰʦĶ˵ʦĶӵģ޽˻ɽҰĶ, ǲұ̫ϣ
ݺԽԽƫƧԽ, ƺҲмֲ, ˵ڴ޽ʱҲģ, ʱһƬ, ʻɲݴ, ɽ
, ģĿȫǡһп
ΪԶ˰ɡտοʱܸıܶණ
Ȼһ鲻ɶõʻֲ鲼ڼʱڻ߳⸱ӣҲʵ˺ˡ֪⼸꾭ʲôŻȫǣ˭ϲ
ݺ̾˿ǰ׺ɣ

գţʦôʻһĿأ
쵽ˣ
ݺؾܵĿ⻳ĿԱߵߴ׳ֱ۷ܽΧסɣǵΪףǨѰµġ
һı飬ḧɣǻӦһ㣬֦Ҷϵķ
ݺ¶Ц⣬ƸֳһĨɫһעڡ
߰ɡջֶպʹҶ˵ڲԶǰˡ
ǰһ֮ǰȻʣͷ·ɽˮ·һĸо˻ɽҰ⾹ء
ǰĿǰһƬĺˮľһƬ͵ĲݵأտһЩȫǵͽ׵ֹѪݣ괹ںߣӰ
ںǰԶһ¥
շִ˵ص棬Զ˵أʦ˵Ҳû˵
ǱסĶݺЦʦɡ
ʦˡն˵
Ȼһ˱ǰ¥ȥ
һ̤ݣվͲ˴Ĳͬڵ֮飬ʹһ˲㾲ȥ̨һɨգ
յ϶ʱһ죬ǡ
֮
δªһˡݺǸĶ˵
ղΪ˵иŵĵط¶޽ͷ㹻ˣ
ݺ΢΢һЦʦ㲻ҪСԵʦŶ
˵գ̧һȦڣȻߵһԴõĳ輸ԣǬռȡһ׵໨ɲߡޡģ룬óһƺһ׾ƾߡ
ʦ㣬㿴Ҫô̧ǰĿݺʵ
ݺȻǲû
㹻ˡݺ˵
Ȼ˱ڳǰ£һ裬Զ˱˻̧֮ߵĴҶݺ˵ɫ磬ҪҪ
Ȼ޻˵Ҳĺεģ
ʱ򣬾Ҫһƻһ齫
˾Ͷɡ
Ϊݺʵ
ܼ򵥵ģҽ㡣˵Ȼȡһƣҽ㡣
ڴҶʱվͺʹҶǺӣʦͽûµʱƣ˵˸淨ᡣ
ԭˡյĽ֮ݺһı飬Ƕ𣿡
Ȥ¶һ˿ЦݣɣеȲˡ
˱Ŀʼ˶


ƣġ
ԭǴôʱƴʱ䣬ʡûĶĬ˵ΣһͣˣҪݺƺ½ӴĶȤ¸߰һֱǡͣ
һǰˣҹ
ֽ֮
ݺڵҹɫǸЦ£һʱң֪ʱš
û뵽δأ޽羹ȤĶп˵֪ˡ
°´λȥˣͲˣϽȱľеķŵϼһµµĴʱȤ
ݺѧˡ
˵ʲôֻ΢Цʦϲá
ͷʦ浽ôɫЪϢɡݺ˵
Ҷԣ̧һۣĬĬؽƷŵһԡ
͵仰أ
ڿɢƾ֣˵Ǳɣ绹ǰؾأ
¥ҲĿͷǿԱ㡣ݺ˵
šӦ
ʰ˳֮ձʹҶһתȥ˶¥
ʦ˯ɡնԵĴҶ˵
áҶķ䣬ȻߵڵǼ䷿ŽȥϢ
õģʦҲϢչӦ
˸ԽϢ
һᡣ
ۿۿۣ
Ҷķűˣȥţһɫ΢Źֵվ⡣
ʦ֡տ˵ŵϢ𣿡
δɡҶƿ
߽ݣ£ȴҶŹת߹֮Ȳ˵ʦ֣ҷſ´ҴһƬҩ԰ҿʲô
һ԰ӵݵҩģлкܶѾɲݣˣһһǸ˵еĺһҷ·þ˵𾪻飬ʦ֣˵ǲû˯ѣ
ŶҸͻδ˯ǲҴƴ̫۾˲þˣ˵Ŷˣ¥òô˵еİɣ
һ¥յֲɵסĿڣ²ס˽
Ǵ˵еѻ꣬ħ֡޽ѾܵһǶĻԵܹû˴жϾ˭ħ˭ֲħأΪԽߵˣԽħ
ԣһ¥ɱȽݻӹذ
һ˵꣬۾·˵ʦң
ҶĿ⿴ϱ£˵Եȡ
˵գߵһԴǰ˴¿ۣ֮°Ѵϡ
ʦáҶתգɫ˵㲢δۣҲǻþ

סĿڣȻǻþ𣡡
ʦ㣬λ֪ʲôͷĴСҪʲô
ϷŪ

ݺ氡
Ҳλǰʲôǲδм⣬Ҿ˳ȥţ顣ҶѸж˵ɽɵĽ⣬λ汻ˡ
ԣĿؿһۣصȫǾ䣬λ汻ˡ
λ桭
桭
桭


179 ض
˴ҶĻ֮һվ, նʦ, Ҿ˵ö, ǻǼװʲô֪ˣ
Щˣȥ˯ˡ˵Ȼתȥ

ҶͬͬŻӲȥɵ΢΢ü
ص֮һɣ̱һű, ¶޿ɥ
֮͵ط˸˲ˣͰ֮ǰ˵, ˵ʲô֪
ǾϻӱȻɳܵã
ա
۾һδһҹµо̫Ѩͺ۵úܣϱ鶼˼֡
, ¥
¥, ݺʹҶǶ, ݺЦк, , Щ򵥵ʳдǡ
տһеνʳ, ʱǳһ, пеļ򵥺ǵļ򵥲һеļ=򵥡
Ƭ峴Ϲɵ࣬ҩʳõɲݰƣźټһƷӸ
ֻһۣˣáݳޣ
̫̫̫ܼˣ
ҪǸʿˣ²Ҫֱιȥ
ݺϵı飬΢ЦЦδ¹ޣ¡

̧һۣǿЦ£źܺóԵӡ
ѳԣҲýкãã
һ٣㹻޽ʿȥˡ
ɲѳѳǶԵĲǲݣ
˹ȥݺ£е΢ϵıҲмֽӲЦ
ݺʢ࣬ʦá
лʦ㡣ǿջЦ
ͷʱһЦݺ˵ˣмǸˡ
ʵʵ޽żȻײ˵أִغ¥ʶռΪáݺ˵Ҳ´˶λϹŷ¥иҩ԰ֲɲҩģݵġ
ЦΪҲͨһֱδܹǸҩ԰Щɲҩãʦÿȥժȡǣⱦɳ
ա
̧ϱЩһ䣬ûⷬ
˭аģ
ΪĽڣĴô죿ȻǸһװɵ̱裬ЦŶ˵ԭˣʦǺ˵
Ƭ̣Ȼݺ˵ұȴ֮ˣлʦˡ
ĸԸƭˣյϢôôˣб˲ռײռ
뵽Щһ԰ӵɲҩģӵĻ
һʾ޿أȡ
ݺ˲üЦȲӣԷӿٶȣҲɵش¶ЩЦ⣬ˣ¥·һƷҲ˾סɽߡ
ԺﻹһҲ˷ѣҲߡ
ԶƷҪҲժߣʺϸƷ


һһĽשҵͷϣֱҵͷԣôôõ飿ôõġأܹȥδһǸжģĵĸжǰĿ󷽵ͱڣʦ㣬̫ˣɵ˵жĿԻر
𣿡ݺЦĽһ䡣
ڶĴҶԣ̧һۡ
Ƕʱҭһ䣬ܿķӦ˵Ҳ䣬ʦϵƣ߲ʣʦ㰰ǰ󱨴ɣ
˵꣬°һҷӦ죬ҿǸС
ôо㱻ʦ·ˣ壬Ǵ³뵽
ݺɫЦĿʦúαԷƱҪ㰰ǰô
βݽỷճ˵
ݺһЦˣʦðƻ黹ҪĪծ
ʦˡڨڨ
ݺһɫЦ˵ģЩҪҰݰˣȥǣñˡ
˵Ц£ƺ̿
ջſ˵Щʲô˰ֵҪõ˵ڲҪ˶·Ұ죬Щֵ֮ʦûϲҲǷá
˵޽ʿ޵ģĻ޵ģ
ǶлʦˡճǣвǴУɲݵҰݡ
֮ձʹҶһͬǰȥҩ԰ɲҩˣһݵɲҩȫǸˡ¥ǰҲǸˣ¥ƷҲˣ֮ȥԶƷժˡ
ë㲻
ĩˣջһı鿴¥޽¥
һ¥񰡡
ݺϵı鲻ɵЦò¥Ҳ𣿡
ҪҲǲԡ
ˣܾдʣҲˣ
ڵëˣӶŹҲ̫ҪˣվҪġ
ԣֻʹ
һʹģһָԼӣϾҳôƯأôƯɲףôܲҪأ
ݺһʹļȴҪǿȵı飬ɵһЦˣҲУҪͲҪ˰ɣҲʲôö
⣬ѾͷҲ裬òš
գȻòϣǿʯ
ھǲ֪νײ衱Ĺ
ȥ˼Ҷһߵʱ˼ҶȫˣջڽһϹɹǴеĿĵǽǵؾδȥؾѾضˡ
գи˵ھǺã
ЩϣҾʹ󷽵ԭƭˡ


180 ϣ
պʹҶݺǰؾڵʱѾˣǵʱؾڴյô, ؾʿ, ǵôǰһͽȥˡ
˵ӦЩνȥʿ, ԭͶͻȻðŰŰɵ̬ȣǺܸȤݺĶڷ˱ʾ޲ƣͶûȤˣȥ
Ҳã, һԪӤʿؾʿ˵Ȼп˾䣬粻ɡ
գôԽԽթƭˣ
ôɵ
սʯ, ȡؾԿؾʹҶݺһͬͽȥؾ
ؾ
νؾһ޴ƯںеĹµ汻Χؾڵʮֳ濰Ϲ, Ϊ滷ºʪ, ʶһļҩĺֲ, ҲϢûеޣЩ޵ƤëѪ졢Ʒҩ
Ǹ޴زı
պʹҶݺһ봫͵, δɢ, ˫ɳ̲ϵʱ, վ, ̧ǰȥһ쳣ïʢɭ֣ľȺߴͨɭֵСס
ǵһƬޱߵĺ
߰ɡ
նԵĴҶݺ˵Ȼһ볯ǰɭȥ
ɭ֮Ƿɭڵ֮绹ҪΪŨм־ȣ֣ЩľȫݵǱȻ޾Ҳɭڵֲվ̾˵˾塣
ݺĿ⿴һȺߴĬҳϵʿػ̾Ϣһ
ɭڱضݣвֵ߰ģȴδժ̰ģݺĶѾһҩ԰ɲݣЩ˰ɡ
ֲǰߣһʱ󣬳ɭ֣һƬɳɳ죬صĻɳݲĻ˹죬һǹïɭ֣һ޾ɳڣ಻ϵɳڣ̲޾
ѰҵϹŸɳ֮УǼѰңֻ
㵱治ȥһ̽𣿡ڽɳ֮ǰݺ
ȥմҶûȤȥ̫Ÿ
ݺһۣЦ²δ˵ʲô
һ˱ɳ
ɳ죬ո
һ̤ɳȥֻĿɳ޾ɳޱߡ
ɳĿĵѰ̫Ÿڴ롣ݺ״п£Ȼ°ʮȥʿͷ
տһۣϱ·˵ʦ˵ʲôɵ
Ȼǡ˵ôܣǲ˵Ҳҵõ˶Ҫ
ɳôأһ˵ȻһߴǬռȡһƬҶһȪˮǰɳϡ
ݺĿľٶʵǣ
Ǯ˵̧ɻݺ˵ֻҪžˡ
ݺ
ʮֺ治⣬ʲôδ˵վյͬһ𰲾ĵȴ
Լһʱ
һֻͨѩ̫°׵ķİǰٵ˹С鶯ܵ÷ɿ죬һܵһǰ
Ѱݺ˵
ѰǰѰ֣֪ãְУóѰǾֶ顣
ֻҲˣܵǰԲڶ۾ǰҶȪˮȻ̧ڶ۳ǰա
վһֻпּۻۣаȣȡһƬҶߡ״ǲڶɳռ״ǣַһƬҶ
ƬҶһȪˮ
ֻŵͷ˿еȪȻССצһƬҶɽɳˣʣƬͬһս츳ռڡ
Щתƨɶһˣǰ˼Ȼͣ£תͷԲĺڶ۳գʾǸȥ
ˡЦתͷݺʦ㣬ɳҪѰ͵ҪЩСһ·üǮ·ˡ

ݺԶʱĿ࣬ڵʿ棬ʿ޾̸ǮӶ
ǸûʿѰѰǰɸ߰ȵʿ츳⣬ʿץסץסҲܵԣͲ֮ˡ
ڣ
ݺĿһѰʿĽǮףһΧ˾ּۻϸֻ̣á۽磬۾
һӵĿԵգֻ½һѧ٣ǶǺ޽ס
ڽѰڿĹУݺǼ֤޺ʿ֮ĽǮϵ
ÿѰҵһվ͵øƬҶһȪˮıꡣ
ݺ
һ΢ı鿴һһĽŽף
ʱ󣬰һһѰճ˸ԼõһƬҶһȪˮ֮⣬ιٵݺҺѩɰ־ҵԹռֱϲˡ
Ҳܵϲ⣬Ҳ׽ˣûãԸ߰ɲʿֻǽһӽǮİѾܵջĸˣһһܡ
û̫ŸյҲ̫ŸǶĶͽϣѰʱȷڵؾɳҲϡ٣ó־ս׼
Ȼû̫Ÿ𣬵Ҳջ񲻷ƣЩʯīʱţõϡսЩιһβݸеİ
ɽ֮޾ɳ
սа£ǰһ󣬱ǼдζȻһȥաҶݺں󷽸ȥ
ǸŰѰһصʱ
ǰλѣ
һС
նס˽ŲԵĴҶݺҲͣתȥһλɫܵʿҴҵĳǸǰһۣȻϸϲɫһϲʤλѣ̫ˣ
ԣտɻѺγԣ
֪λ꿴ʵ
š˵
Ȼ֪˵ˡӦҲ֪һ𵤻ԪӤʿܿͨ߿ɵкر
˵
̾˿ǽֻǰ˾ǧŰپʮ߸𵤡ԪӤʿλ

Ҳ˵λ̫ˣһϲɫĿǣȳϵλɷһǰǰȥһǴ˵е
ա
ԽԽթƭˣթƭ·
һģһ
ԶѰ·İŵʿûͣ˽Ųתͷȥһ˫Բĺڶۺĳվﲻʿ
Լվ̫ʱûԥ£ܻȥˡ


181 У
һȳڴģˣǵĻش
գ˵ʵ, Ҳ̫ȥ
˵, Ҵ˴Ϊ̫Ÿ, ʱ;ϡܵ
ˣ˵αǰ鷳Զ˵̫Ÿأ
ա
ҾûС
꿴յɫĬҲȱȱȰ̫ŸɳΪѵ, ǵ˼Եһ
㵹ǰȥԣԵͰǰܴȰ
ջǲ
һԵݺ˵ȥɡ
̧, ݺЦ£˵鶼ˣȥԵˡ

գڲڣôܵ
аȣڶ, ܾܾɣ
ɿ, ǰ˵Ǳ߰ɡ
ɫϲ, æ˵Ҵ·
յͷűߵֻ, ԲĶ۶һ, ȻȡʮƬҶһƿȪˮ, ŵǰ, Ҫ뿪ˣˣڴ˷ֿɡ
Բĺڶ۳ȻֽǰҶȪˮһջëѩ׵βͲֱۡ
Ҫߵ˼տеİʵ
˵ԴԲĺڶ۳֨֨֨£·Ӧ
ôеøֹ˾䡣
žһβ˦ϡ
ë׵ѩβ˦һգƢ
ǰ·꿴պаĻɷ޵ֻˣѵüô˵Ѱ
֪ѰǽǮϰεĸ߰ޣÿһɳڿʿϹòҶȪˮͻᱻ
եеļֵȻ󱻲޾ɳ֮С
겻ɵʵģ㣿
ԣճƬ̣ȻΪǮ
һûӦίʱϰƬҶֲƿȪˮ
ꡣ
ɵƶˮ
յͷѵͳһƬҶŵİĵĪǾǡұԵȫһǮ

ˣǰˡ˵
̧ͷȥֻǰһͨˮ׳ΡĹƯڵϷİУҫĹâ⣬
һˮ
ۿٴΣ׳𺳡ǰڰϵˮ޵̾
յԺȴֻЩթƭֱƷŸ߶˴ϵʵϻʵľװ
̾ԵĿ⣬аɣʲô˵ˡ
ȥɡ˵ǡЩȲˡ
ȲҪʶʵˡ
תͷһۣ¶ˡġ飬һȻ˵˵ûܹڿ֮󣬻޶ԡ
ԭҶͻȻֵҲлɣۿ׳ΰұŲɡ˵
߰ɡ˵
ˣթƭȻֵŲɱϴԵȺڡ
¶΢ЦȻӿ˽Ų
һ˽
һ˸̤ڣܵվŵľǧˢˢĿ⣬Ƿ·ǿĿ⣬ˣˣ˷׷׵ȥȥ˵˽л
ա
ое΢
ѵûһ˻
պʹҶݺĬվڵһǣǳȥ˼ˣȻûһᣬȥ˱һЩ˻ˡ
ˣȫˣһĽ𵤡ԪӤʿ㹻ˣ
⻰һأعһ֣˲ոܵһϢЩʡ
˵룬
һԵͳշܿռر仯Χе˲ʧԭˮҲʧ߳ȥ
⣬Լһտ谵ĿռڣռֻһˣǿյڵǧʿǴҶݺȫʧֻһˣеİվĺڰռڡ
Ҫɱֵˡ
ǵĻ£ռĴȻʮˡ
ȥҵռڣѯʻеİ˵
ҡҡͷܾȻһͷϣſŲˣצӹͷ

գаɣڡ
ſˣһɱ˵Ȼγ˽
γ˲ɱһһ׽⣬һһˡ
ȺٻԽԽ죬ԽԽܿж죬ýѸ٣հΧ
ɫ޾壬ɱһʮ
һһ


һѽɷĩ֮¿Ļ谵ռ䣬㣬ͨ˵ûͨһõһν֪νʲô
ĻӦýܴ󷽣ֵǮذɡ
ƺûãõͳͨһһ
ա
ǣ
Ǹ
Ҫǡ
ˡ
ޱĿͻȻڰеǸǣʯһӨ׵һڻ谵ɢӨ׵ĹâǹС
סУϸһȷˣȷǣʵ١
ǿˣͨ޵ĽȻǣǸ
ŶǼٻء
Ҫģ塭ǳͽ
޽ѾڣԶŴ˵޵ֽǾǴ˵Ķ
ǣе΢е㸴ӡ
ջΪһ仰ȻǸʹթƭթƭģһʼͷٷ֮١ٵ󣬱֣ȻһԽԽձΣݣȻͻȻױ
ڣǵʶžǴñְɡ
еЩΪʲô֪թƭͶǮĴ˵̬
Ͼ̫ˡ
գʶ²ɵģǵļֵԶˡ
ͼ󰡡
ҪǾҪˣҪǵˡ
֮⣬벻ʲôǵʶҪġ
һ𵤡ԪӤʿ


182 £
ն֮˵Ľ䱸ʱˣɫеǡ
ſͷϵİǱֳ˼, Ĵյͷվ, СצͼȥץǸǡ
˵, Ȼ
ʧİʱίĽίίſȥͷϣһɫ޾ɵı顣
ա
ڡ
ԣȥ˸Ҷ˵
ԣָˡ֨֨֨Ľ
ڶ, ֻЩűո˴ԭظȵһθˡǳΧȥ, ٶȱȵһο˲١ĿⶢȺˣսɱʼ˵ڶս


е˸֮ǵڶͨ
Ȼǰָһ, Ȼǵڶصͨؽ
ա
ǣ
ղɫĽӹڶ, ù, ǲδ˵ʲô
ܿĵˣջЩٴԭظ, ȵڶθˡ
֮, Щ˵սսʽ, ٴ, ʱҪȵڶθ̡
ͨ
ǰָǸİǣεͨؾǡ

ǲë
û˵һԵǡ
ĴΡ
Ρ
Ρ


ֱʮͨˣÿһεͨؽǡһǣԭ˵񼶲ǣ˴ʮǣЩ΢ӣַ·úϰýשҵĸо
ãÿһζǣЩζˣƮˡ
ԣշ·˵ǰְôÿζͬĶһǵһοŹֵÿͨؽһġ
иòʲôɣһɵı顣

ʮһʼ
еǵͳ𣬷·˼һ㡣
֮ǰΪˣҶ˼ͷ޳֣չȥ
հνӦսɨһƬιȴȺУոߵꡣ
ȵһͷ޸ʱ򣬡ʮһͨ
һνɫҺ帡С
ͷſİؽɫҺļ˷ǰɫҺͷɴܳȥһץסʵ㣬ҵսƷ
קסβ͵İίίĽȻǡ˵ʮǣǣ
˵¸ղ˲ָ
ʵšն˵Ȼɿ֣µõɵİܻԴϣʵʵſš
̧ĿϸһǵθеĽɫҺ壬ð֮žɲĪǡѪ
һצѪֻצѪŻǽɫģצеĻ壬ʶצ

ҲĸΪ
϶壬Ӧ˵ĵ˲࣬ȻôǣѪģ
֮飬֤յ뷨
ʮصͨؽǣһƬۡ
ʮصͨؽǣһ
ʮĹصͨؽǣһǡ
ʮصͨؽǣһᡣ


գǺг𣬶Ѫ𰡣ǰһж˿ʬ
һǡѪۡǡᡭλգоеķ
ò̽Ե˵֣ôĶְϲ䱦ĺôòıأ磬̫Ÿʲôġ

ڶʮһʼ
һ֮ͨŸǰɢҫ̫Ÿ²ɵ̾Լ˸ޣҿǸС
֮ǰöδҵ̫Ÿ𣬾ˡ
ſԴϵİĿȱȱĿǿ̫ŸȻ䱦ʿãֻܿܳɶãȱȱ᲻𾢱顣
ס̫ŸЩ΢Ȼ̺ĲһǵõˡûֻҪ취ͺˣ°
֮Խ󷽣Խľ裬ҪԶĸΪ
֮շֱõˣɺƿ顭䱦
ֱͨʮĲ֮
ϲ㣬˳ͨ
ǵͳ𣬲֪ǲǴվƺˣ
գô죡
ͨйؿͨˣ
еˮ
еǵ𣬶ʱǰĳһ䣬մǴ谵ĿռվһˮĹڣĸˮ֧ǰһˮԲ̨Բ̨Ϸһ򿪵ڽκУзһ飬ԼһɢŽ鼮
ĪǴ˵еͨؽ
տǰԲ̨ϵڽκڵ׷ͽҫ۵鼮°
ȥбƸ


183 Ϲħ
˷񣬹̰ʹбǰԲ̨, ߡ
⻻κһ, ֵסǰȥ, ռΪУⲢա
ֻվﲻĿ⿴ǰͽ崫е伮ϱ޶ԡſͷԼСצӡ
еǵ, ͨɵʹУΪβǰȥȡߣ
̧, Ŀ⳯ǰ֮һۣʵƺǰȥ
ͨ
ǵ䵭˵
˵Ҳء
˵һ䣬Ȼǰȥ
ֻ߳ͣ˽Ų漴͵ذγ˽, תһԱĸ֧ˮĸˮȥ, ﬡһ졣
㣡
ǵٴ, ƺЩŭҧгݡ
ĸˮһ, һĿĹâ, ǸѳصˮȻ仯, һűѳԲ, ˮҲ飬õһűƯڰС
鰡˵
ˮҲɿȥԭľӨϾȥ֮ؽһƬ޺ڰ¶ԭӡ
ǡ
̧һ֮أɵصɫȻ
֮һ޴֮еľ޴֮Ϊĺǣ𺳣϶ʥǿֲֻǸǼܣȴɿɴиֲܵĲӴ
ȷˡ
еǣԴ⸱ϸĻ⸱ЩλȱôʮءѪ֮ۡģѾȥˡ
ڱһеס
Ŀ⳯ǰȥڵߵɢȥ¶ǰʵȿһŨûĺڰȴʱͫ͵һ
Ũ޾ĺڰУһɫľˣһŻ棬ۡ
ϸȴһˣܱ֮Ϊ˵
ǡ
ķ޴˫ᣬצ˫㣬
һ˵ա
ڴ׳סһ˲ھ޴֮ϡ
ǡտϹħ
Ӧ˹ⲢʲôϹħķӡ֮أ
ƺǰڰĺ췢ħ̧ͷһ˫ҽ淭֮ͫˣηֵģ

գϹħӲ̫ʹӡ
ԭΪէȻʧڴ˽׶Ϲħƽ
ȻشңΪԹ޺䣡ħĳ֣֣ͫ
ȣСϹħԹ޺䣿
ħԶʱЦһ㲻֪𣿡
ա
֪
һڵˣʧڴ˽ļʮǰϹħ˸Ӵ򲻵һȥôᱻԹ޸أ
ǲǱӡ۾ÿˣҪȻϸտ˵
ħʱ˵˭۾ãǹͬԹ޺ζԶҶż
˵գ¶ŹֵЦݣһëȻĹЦ㰡Ѫ⣡
㣬ֻҪ㣬ָܹ˵գҵϵʱ˾ҵԽԽ
տе׹ԽԽ죬ķ·ǲѪ⣬ħıĲЩսľĿЩססϡ
ǶˣǾ鷳ˡ
˵ϹħԹޣⲻܣҴδϹħվӦ˵Щʲôֹڼ֮ǰ
ԭڲͼħͣ˶̧һ˫׹ʢĳȻܣ
ϵԹ޺䣬ǲɱͬմȾԹ޿־䣡ħȻϵ
ա
ʱ¾ţʲô̫þɱħҲҵ
ǶǼٵģٵģ
Ҳ
Ǽٵ𡭡
ĳ˺ĳ壬ֶԴ΢ЩȷͶҡǣǡ
ûУնȻϵտڰˣŲɱϹħ˵ôɱ
ǰ෢ħ㵹˵ȥɱ
ħ
ħǰСͻȻƸסˣûϵͻȻһ㣬ɫʱһ㶵ңҲ֪
ħԭģôң
ħ
տǰסħʱЦһңܵ飬һֽʿôȥɱʮǰϹħ
̫þɱħħ𣿶Ǽٵģ
ħǱͻȻסˣ߳ŭô֪ϹħԹ޺٣ħǾ޴ջֻҪ㣬ܹõ


184 ɮ
ĻʱһӦ˹, ̽ʵΪħԹ޺, Գ, ħܹʵǣ
෢ħԡߣһĿ׹ʢĶĵ㣬Ρ
شձѾ֪𰸡
һֱǰȥң˵
෢ħ֡ߡ, Ŀ嶢ϧˣ
βԵģ෢ħĿⶢ, ⡣
ħ̫ӷϣվ㳢õ׻Сֵġ
෢ħ
պĸ͵СͷϵСһ, иѰ, ǿ䱦, ǼˮĲһ㡣
෢ħһɡ
ȻֹΪνġͷβ̫թƭ䱸, ŻκθеԾĵط, ȿ˵Ǹˮ֮ǰ, Ҳû뵽Ȼ顣
νָ, ںϵ֮¥ûɣ鱣ǰܹԻĹ֮ʹþ֮С
պʿһ̤Ļþ֮Уνָֻ˵֮ˣоǰͷβǸƭ֡
Ŀǡ
и͵Ϲ׼󡣡ûлشʣ˵һʿ׼ȡɣ
׼ȡҵɣ෢ħ·ʲôЦЦһ㣬˹ŹֵЦ׼ʳ
Ⱥ˶ҵʳħ˵ұͷӡԼֻҪӡһձ㲻ʳˣѪħԴ
׼ȡҵɣֻҪǣұָܻƷӡħ˵
׹Ϲ׼׼ĲʿѪ⣡׼Ķ㣡
ԭΪϹ׼Ǵ׼һԪӤʿΪΪһǿƷӡʹñӡħȻҪǵѪ׼ħħԼȥƷӡ
о
еǰ߼򵥴ֱ
ǣħ˼άȥ⣬뷨ӡʮħҲܱȫʢʱڵпܻԱעصʵĻָ
һ㣬ջǲס
㷽Ŵң㲻˵㲻ܳˣ
ǲܳ޹ˡ෢ħ̧̧ƤĿƳ㲻һ
¶һŷܼļħĳУԹޡѪ䣬Ȼ쾭壬ֹ
ա
Ȼһڴҵϣԩԩ
෢ħһɹŹֵЦ㣬ʲôˣֻҪһҾʵǻָ۷ȫʢʱڣ
ڳԲҡ侲ָĴ˵
ԭſЦħʱҭסĿ޺޵ؿ
ܣȻͶĿܣնȻǳڵ壬ΪԼС붼Բ֮ǰ뵽гһȻΪˡɮ⡱ħҧһڣ˾ʵ۷ȫʢ
෢ħĿ嶢ֹѷӡػɣ
Ǻǡ
ֱӻһЦ֪֪ҲˣͬϻȥڻࡣϣתĿ飬õһűѵȫպá
û֧ţڣڵʱȫɢȥ¶ȫòһͷ֮ϵľ޴ϵצĹǼܣûڵסӡ֮еĳ෢ħԽУĽ롰ľǧ𵤡ԪӤʿҲϣϵı鶼ʧûн࣬ĳֻþ
ʦá
Ϥ̧ͷȥֻһϮ۵ĴҶվԶĿƽĿ
ʦ֡е
ҶĿɨһܣٿǰסܶĳ෢ħ¶ڴµ״²⣬һ䣬ô
ԣպ㽫ȫĩر˵һʼǡѪǰˣڿȫħϹأ͵ģ̫ɥĲˣԣ
һԸ߰ŵĳ෢ħԶʱŭˣҵţŭµҲסҼʮ꣬ҲΣ
׳ڵҵ·ҵײĦ෢ħһŭ˳ʱҪѷӡȥ˺ģ
ҶĿ⿴һ޵ģڲףʦáתͷǰգϹħӡһ£¹ش󣬾κβء
տϼɫ֮⣬ʦΣ
ѷҶܴ֮£¹޽簲ΣšҶ
յͷġ
򵥡˵Ĳ˵ģ͹ĿǸǰµϹ׼;Ǳӡ˼ʮħģⱳһֱʡ
Ҷն̶̼仰˸Ե˼߽֮˹ʶ
ʦã㷵ţţڴ˿طӡԷһҶ˵
ʶҪſȴûзԵأϾΪʦֵĶ֡
ȥأһ
̧ͷȥʱ۾һʦ㣡
ݺĿ⿴һ۶΢΢һЦȻתͷҶӲҺʦڴ˿طӡΪ߾ϻȥǰ¡
ŴҶɫʦ㲻صģԻᱣ
Ҷ
Ҷû˵ֻĿؿһۣ
ߣݺ鲻䵭˵
ա
գҸоﲻԾ
ղ̫ԵգһߣתͷŴҶ˵ʦ֣¹ش󣬲ݵȥţҺʦ
ŴҶ¶һЦݣģʦڣҲµġ
Ҷ
ҶĿ⿴һۣ΢΢´ȴʲôҲδ˵һԲתˡ
ա
գо񲻶ԣ
һԵݺ𴽽ǣЦˡ


185 ӧħ
Ҷ뿪֮Ϊս۵Ŀ, , Щеʿ½ѹ, ÿһ˻ѵʿڿ޴ڣͱסӡϹħʱɫ󺧣²ѡ
ѣô£ǿϹħӡǰԷպݺѯʵ
̧Ŀ⿴, ʹʵǣǶƭˣ
νǸƭ֡


˵, ͲʲôνҲǼٵģƭǰ̰ͼһѪΪԪӤʿѪΪ׼ӡڴ˵صϹħָΪľƭ֣
ʿ, иӾ, û뵽Ҫ壡
տǵɫ, οǵҲ£ʦѾȥ, ûűǰƺ
ʿ˶֪˭, Ҳ֪еʦǺ, ֱǲʿ, ȻҲ֪ĸȻɽɳ֣Ǳ㲻صˡ
лˡʿɫÿôЩʿͻȻʶʲôȥ鿴Ĵ֮ǰڻþǵ˲ٵıˣһУȫˣ
ʿԣʱҲ׷ȥ鿴˲ɫЩõıȫʧˡ
տǵɫοǼٵģǼٵģǶȻҲǼٵġõҲҪɣ
ʹ飬ѵбûûˣҪʲô䱦ռõ룬ǻţǣ
ʿһܴģ̧ǰգﲻζǶǡﻹܰζΪ˵Ҳ
лѾ֮յ裬ұظǣʿ˵չ֣ȻͷҲصת뿪ĵء
ҪҸû˵ĵطһйбߡ
ʿҲ׷׸ǣڣڷƵأĴаϢϮǵ꣬˾
һᣬȺʿɢ˸ɾֻպݺˡ
תͷıסӡħǵĶٵĽôҵģ
ſȥۣȷǬڵǡѪۡϹŸȫġ
ħôƤһģ
㲻˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˼ٵıʶƣȻˡƶ
ħ̧Цһ֪㻹ʣ
˺øл㰡պ޳ܣرҪ˵лͱ֮

ħû޳ܸѪֻĿ嶢ҳ㣡
͡շ˵޳⡣

ħˣ
տ޴ɫħ΢ǣǹ⼤ŭģ׻˰аѷӡɣ
ħƤ̧£һģ
˵صĻ׼󣬾˸㲼µģҲɢϢǰտԶ׼飬ӡڴ˵زܶ㣬޷ЩԿ϶ڰаһС
ħһǵģ
ǣ𣿡˵νһɽݶϣ𣿡

ʲôôأնı飬ԸȨ㣬鷳
ңħ
кβңһʱһʱνɽϻӳƴºϣϣϻأ˵
ħ壬һѣҪ类ħʳˣƾҲң
ħ
͵һϲɫŶ֪ң
ҵĻ
ħӦ˹̧һ˫׹ʢյޣ
Ļ𣿡Ĳʸڷϵʲôˣˣ
ħ׹죬һջĿûڿ
֪ײˣҲסûٴ̼һħˣǾͺˡ
Ȼǲܵġ
ϹħʼǰɱϹʥ㲻Ὣӡֱɱˡ
޽һֱϹʱħ֮սʥʮħʼӡ޽Ĵ˵ʮħʥֻܽӡ޷նɱ
û뵽һӡ֮رؾڡ

Ϲħʼӡɲʲôͷ
̾˿ֻͺͷټȥҲ޽ʥ߶ţ˰ɡ
ʦ㡣ʰ飬תͷԵݺȲ𣿡
ݺ΢Цð
ȻմǬڣȡһųʣڷڣռڣȡһײߺͲޣںϡȡһ¿ɿڵĵġ˳һ̵ը롢ܽؼƬţ⡭
յĶԭһ߰м۸ڶ˵ħʼ棬ҲɵĿⱻˣ׼ȷ˵ǱóζȸסĿ⡣
ʦ㣬ܽؼƬˣϸۡոǰݺһӷк
ݺЦ١
Ȼ˵ڵܽؼƬ˿ڣȷۣϸ£֭ʮζ
ʦ㣬ٳը룬ۣ֬κνϱ˼ζ
ǾƷʶ壬ζŨ
Ѽ


հһĻʳ࣬ݺһһĴʳζ·ʲôʳֱһ㡣
Ǳӡ˼ʮħʼ棬֪ЩֶΣֱĶǰһľƯɿζʳˣһŮ޵ʳøм̣ܵĽ
ӡ˼ʮ꣬ʮδܽʳѪ⣬ֱܵеĹֻɾ±۾ȴ޳ܵŮ޲ڵƷǼŵʳ˷ϮֱĿڱǡ
ɺޣ
ħʼ´̫ˣ
޳ܽƻޣ
ǲң䲻ǰǸƻյŮתͷ˵

Ŀ⿴΢Ц˵ϣ֪ҡ
ָָϵı㡣

ħߵޣ
ҲǣԱ߳㿴е㲻ãҪҪһԣĿ⿴˵
ħ
û˵ֻһ˫ͫݺݶ
ҪˡЦ˵Ȼǵ̴һȥ
סħʼæֽס˰зһ̿ȻӶһԣ˫ץһֻſھͿС
տ¶˿ϸܼ޳ݣ̻ʵĿͷʳٶȺܿ죬ûһͿֻĿֻʣһĹǼܡ
֮һδ̧ͷһ˫ͫǰգǽʳ̰
ɫֶϵһ̿Ѽ
ֽסһץסֻѼǿɡ
ܿĿֻѼֱ̧֮ǰգָһ̿
زҪѣֱָһ̿㡣
ֶ֮һ̿⡣


ͶʳΪһʱûͿյĴ
ڼ䣬ոһӣħʼֻҧһڱ㡰ޡһˣԲݣսеųԲݣ
ա
Ȼǣǲǲݡһ߸ֶ⣬һ߾ӡ
ħʼĻΪȻϳȫǲݣ
ҵ̬ǲЩտǰͷץһֻѼʳŵħʼ棬˼
գûιô⡣
ݺЦħʼ棬ϹʱĺӤħ棬а㵱׺գιʳȮࡣ


186 
ȵҶǺԼɽɵļλ𡢵ڣʱ򣬿ıͶιӧħôһĻ, ʱˡ
һλɽɵĽתͷԵĴҶ˵, ʦֶ, û˵İ
Ҷ
뿪֮ǰҲİ
տˣæеʦʦ֣
ǺӡҶλɽɵĽ𡢵ǰ, ϸʦѾǺĿ⿴˵±㽻ǣ㡭Եλ, Ҫǡ
Ҷһͬȥ
Ӧá
¹ϹħӡȴҲȨãԵϽšολҲȷӦûȥɽ
պǺӽЩ, ݺҶһ뿪ˡ
뿪֮, , ûгԵģסӡڣڵĺӧ棬̧һ˫ͫǵ
ʵɽɼλ𡢵һ, ǺӲɫ, ħԳԵָú
ǷѾͷҵ, ʲôѼζʳӧ˵, Ұ죬ûʲôζ
ˣɽɵļλ𡢵һ˵ħҵȺ


ɽɡ
աҶԼݺ˻صɽɣǰȥݼš
Ӽš
ǽϷɽ˵
ɽſ·վŵˣһϮѵݺͣƬ̣ȻջĿ⣬˵ڣϹħʼӡ飬ʦѾ
˵գ£λħʼΣ
˵Ĵ¾ҶѶǾĻǵգħʼʹƻҲǺħʼӴˣɽĻеõйλħʼϢ
룬Ȼ˵λӧħ棬̫ӡ
ɽţ
ǳ˳飬γԣ
ܺƭ
Ȼձ㽫ƭӧħ鶼һ飬ĩ˵թƭħǱߵֱʣҲӦǰȥ̽ħ򡣡
ɽ̾ΪֹյĿⶼż̾Ǻӵĵӣʦͽͬһսƻλӧħƭת㵨ӵǴ󡣡ſ˵˾䡣
лſ佱治ɫ˵ֻǿ£Ȼֵӧ洹һѪ⣬ϹħԹ䣬ұܻúΪָӡʵ
·Ǹ
ǣϺϹԹ䣿˵Ѱ
ɽĿؿһۣ̾ǧ磬ǧ磬ǧ磬ǧ硣˽磬˽磬磬һ
̫þƼ٣ƻáлԵΪʵһþһ磬ΪС硣
ʥǧ磬ֻء˽硢˽硢磬ȥڡδΪʥ߶һ
֮ⷬ¶ãȻ˺ð칦ȥ֮⣬˼ǣ̫þܻΪʵ磿
лԵ˵
գ
ˣȷǳ̫þʵ硣
̫þ˵ΪƬһǣ˿ɱǧþмСĸܱΪʵ磬Ϊʵ١
˶䵱ǲŵٴ˵ǽȴҲ֤˵ʵ֣˵в²⵫汻֤ʵ˻Ǻš
Ҳ֪ǳﴥ̫þȫĲȱƬΪʵһ硣
򵥵˵ǵڰ¹ԺĽ֮оǳ̫þľܱΪʵһ磬ľҲ֮ǳΪһʵ
Լ򵥴ֱĽ䵱һƽ硣
Ȼɡ
Ϊʥ˳ɾʥλֻ֮أֻһʥߡվǸС磬ǽʥ½տɽɳʥ⽣棬ǡĳʥˣͬһ
ǶԣͺñǺȻһԺͻȻһμɡ
ʶ㣬¶ʱЩʶתͷԵݺ
Ŀ⣬ݺ¶һ΢Ц
գ
֪ΪΣ¸ˡ
ɽſ仯ɫ֪ǷӦˣɲػţԵ֡Եԡ
ա
ȷԡ
¶ǿЦݣǿջЦס
ڣӡˣдáɽ˵Ȼתͷվŵݺɫλݵѣ¡աҶǶȳȥȺ򡣡
տԵݺС˵㣬ʦ㡣
áݺ˵
ձҶȥˡ
Ҫݺ˵ʲô´ѵúͿ̫棬ԻǺͿЩá
⡣
ʦֶ
ѵȺĽִĿ߳պʹҶе
̧ȥʦ塣
ĿǰץѪһ˵ȣ͸¶Щ˵ϢҾбҪ֪ʶڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
ԣ߽ʵ˵
ħһɢɳѳ򣬵ʱͬգħһħһͳħ磬ħֱԲգָҪץ㡣
գ
ǵǶ̫þĹ
ҴܲµλħΪҪץҡ˵
ĿŶʦֶ󡣡
Ҳһ鱨Ҫ֪ʦ㣬λħħϹħѲ˸ϵ˵
ĿⶸȻתʦֶ֪˵ʲô
ȷаգҲ˵̾ʵǰ㡣
ϹʱħսݣϹʥʹ۷ӡħʮħ棬ûħͳħһ岻򣬱ܡϹʥֽµħ޽磬⣬Ϊ˷ֹħʥ޽󣬽޽˳ȥħҲд˴󣬷֮ʮϢͷܷ١
ħλħħ壬ôֻֿܣƳӡϹħʼ棬ǡħ塣
޽粢δϹħʼӡƳĶǱֻк߿ˡ
޽⡭
⣬޽𶯺Ϣ
һȣǱʮħЯѪ𣬾
ɫǧ
տɫο鷽˵ˣǿŵɫƺ⣬ȷ⡣
ģ
̧һۣڿοңѩ˪
ֱ׳Ȼ֪⣬ҲӦ֮ߣûô㡣
̾˿㵹ֹۡ
ֹ۵ܱȱۺá˵ǿ׼
Ŀһۣ˵
סյ
ҲգһȥһѪħޣܲڳЩ˵ȻתҴȥ
ֱ뿪ҲûʳλħħΪҪץգԴտ֪˺˾㤵Ϣ֮û˼
˵Ľ
һսԱ⡣
׼


187 ħս
뿪֮ûãݺɽŴӵ߳, ʦáݺǰսе
, תͷ, ʦ㡣
ȿȡɽſհ㡭ʦ㽻дˣдһ뿪
ɵ֣ؽ
šռ⸱·ٴȴòίȫӣɵس˳ǡ
Ӧ, ɽ϶ʱ¶οЦݣǱȫˣʦֶ
˵, ͷ˷ӳԱ߿첽뿪ˣ·лƨɰ㡣
գ
ûϢ
ɽһ٣ȻתͷԵݺʦ㣬Ҫ𣿡
ݺ΢Ц, ̫, ˼, ֮Ҹȥʦĵطһ
ճ˷, Ȼʦǲ, ھΣ
иŶԺ, ݺסԱߵĿͷ
áݺȻӦ
ձݺһھ, ʱţȲ죬ʳͻ塣ģݺȻǸ¨ӡǰ.¨ӵնʱ񣬸ܵŰ˵Ŀ֣Ǿݺ塭
ίʵɹһпֵ㱼һݺǶ޼Ĺѵĸо
һºǺӷɽɡ
Ҷһͬǰȥݼʦ𡣡
糾͹ǺĿ⿴ǶһۣȻյλݵѣദΣ
ͦõġ˵ȻʦΪ˺ܺãܺദ
ǺԲÿɷֻǶвɵ
õġ˵Ȼʵڣڵķӡˣ
Ǻ¶Ź֣һۣڣڵħӡʮ˥˼ʶŻᱩ¶ڵľͰ¹Ժذʥһּӹ˷ӡݡ
ӡ֮Ѿй¶δⱻãʮɽǲǰȥؾפڣֹκ˿
¶һĿǰõĴˣֻǡ
ӧħûʲô𣿡˵ӡ
ǺĿؿһۣһҪ󡣡
ʲô
ҪÿոṩʳĿڸ֮
գ
ð֮ӲҲͦģʡ˶¡
Ǻӿû˵
ȿȣʦǲ˵ҪͬսӺӧ׳ĻԼսִ˵鶼Ǻ˵һ飬˵ԼĲ²⣬⣬ħλħۺܿϹħʮħ֮ħӡ
һ˵ţԺһ߸ڰ¹Ժ̫þǸӵСħǺεģ
µûǺӿ˵ȷ⣬ǰʦͬ޽λʥǰڲ̽ڣ취޸󡣡
в⴫ɿֻŶҡǺӶ
ء˵
λħħۡǺɫأ߲ƣͼ󡣡
ǰգ˵£ȥչΪ׼
ʦҲŸճزáճ˵ƱչҲˣȥҵװҴ¶һɱ
ǺƬ̣ҲС
ǳʱڣʦҪҪңضɱȱϡЦ˳Ÿ
㰡ǺҡͷȱʲôȥμҪΪʦϡ
ʦã˵ȥ
˵գתȥ
Ҷ¡ǺӿŴҶ˵
ԭ׼һȥĴҶס˽Ų̧ǰǺӡ
ʦ֣ˣʦġպ˸кˡ

մμõʣ»ǼضɱĲϣͣȥáõһλʦʦ֣ضɱ
ضɱף¶һѽҲΪӣеֻǵһսʱ͹ȫ˶ãΪضɱæµķеڼ䣬˵ݺҲʱÿ˲
ȵɱضͳɹѾºˡ
ŽףзԶʤǰĻȻһµɱʱħ򹥴޽߾ĳǵϢ
߾漱
֪Ϣʱһãֳض͵ɱ˵ת㳯ȥ
塣
սպãֱ߽ңʦ𡣡
ϷǺӿ΢΢ףãΪʦҪͬ˵
ħ޽߾ĳǣѸٵҲ޺׼ʦǰѴǧǰǣΪʦսպһԮǡǺ˵
ҺһͬǰȥҲ˵
ǺӶľ⣬ͷ˵׼պǰǡ
ħ޽繲Ĵ֮أǣϾǣǣԼӾҪ޽磬빥ĳǣħսĳȿսرս֮ءסĳǣǱס޽磬һĳǱƣħ̤޽ĵ򣬳ֱ롣
˴ħ֮սǺԤϣħĴںܾǰߣΪ׵Ѫʿ룬ԼǰڣϹħʼӡı¶޽߾衣
⼸£޽ʮŶѾŷǡǺͷӾǲǰȥڱǣĵ̣פرʮ꽫ιأħδռκαˡιջ֮Զʤι߾Ǽħջ֮ɥ޽Ĭ˱ǣĳ˵Ҳȫġ
ջȥСԺһ̤ͥԺ㿴һϮѵݺվͥԺǰ΢ЦĿ
ʦ㡣տ߽˵
ˡĿ⿴ŵɱ΢΢´ǣˡ
ҡҡͷҲν࣬ʦҪһȱ𣿡
ð
ǰ輸
պݺǰڷһɢĲˮʦ㡣̧ǰݺħ߾ǣʦڷǣպʦһԮǣʱͬȥ
ݺĻЦݲ
տסǰĲ豭ԣ˵ʦһǰȥţ
ݺ̧Цݸһͬ
ѵȴ˿á
δɵԼµź
շתʱգʵ֡
Ҷδ뵽ģֱҲףڴ˵Ŀġ
һ޹أֽڴˣҲΪɵδʵֵԼ
һ̣ݺ»Ȼ
شղ⣬պǱǰǣʦʲôҪĿͬ˵
ݺȻͷҲġ

պ
աݺǺԼµһɽɵһͬǰǽս֮صķǣͬеĻ̺ͻ¡


188 

վڼװϣӭ洵ķ, ͷԵĻ, Цʵ
ԭǲõ, ҼҪ˵Ȼһ˵ҵ˵ҲЦˣҵһ㲻ܾҡ
˲ҵļͥλ, ˸ĴָǸС
ô뵽Ҫǰȥǳստʵ
Ĭ, ҲΪҪøмֵɡ
ġǰһδʱʮˣʶδڵЩ飬ħ򹥴޽ϢʱáԼһ˹ã˺ܶ, ȵٴųȥʱ, ҪǰȥǶԿħ
տϵɫ, ²µе뷨̾ǳɳ˺ܶ, 뵱ˡ
ļ, Ȼתˡ
µʦ, վǲ, ѿռʦöˡ
۵Ķ㣬¥¥̣һϮɽɵɫ۵̹°գҲ
ҪҪһȥȸ裿ն˵˳Ĭ
̿á
Ҳ¥ˣȻתһͬ˶¥ȥ˲ҡ


շ֮󣬱㵽˷ǡ
ոɽɵӸǺۣһȥ㿴˷ǵĳɽɵһλԪӤʿųĻǵȺ
ɡǳЦӭӣǺӵ㲻ǧǰԮ
ħᱲʿ֮𣬵⻰Ǻ˵̬սϸ
ǺһѯʣǳǱ߱˵롣
Ǻתͷ淮ǳͬӭӵ壬˵ʦ̸ֶ㰲١
ǣʦġ
ǳԵĴܹ˵ȥЭ
ǺӺͷǳԶˣſǰµաݺ̺ɽɵӣЦλͬߡ
ɽڷפأפ޽˿ʮɽɵӵӴ󶴸ռ䣬רΪսʱ׼ġҪսλãǶĲκһɣΪɽɼʵϹɽɹϽŴڷͬפصǲûɽռؿռ
պɽɵǰɽפأǰӵϢŻԮһʿ׼˷䣬ȵǵʱܺڵλɽʦѾ˺ˣʦ֡΢΢ͷʾ⣬Ȼһɽɵ˵ǰȡơ
Ҳ˸ƣ֪⻹⣬ķݺڸڡ
ɰݺŷƣЦ˵ǵķǰš
գȷǹɵġ
ͦõģԺǻܴšնЦ˵
վԱߵ֮Ҳչ˵˾䣬ʦҲڣʦסһ鷽Ӧ
̧ͷ°ʵˣǹŵġǴҶұݺǺǡ
ʲô֣
ȻᵽҶձʵʦ˺ڣ
Եʦỹڳսϡ
ձüȻ̧ʦ֣Ǹʲô档
̾˿þ
⸱飬ձ֪Ʋá
ʦҪҪǰȥǰսһ˵
˷𣿡ʵ
ûʲôġ˵ҲҪսģȥʶ£Ҳеףʵ˵˴֮սһ
Ǳͷʦˡ˵Ȼתͷݺһ䣬ʦҪһȥ𣿻ǰȥϢ
һȥݺ
Աߵͬȥ
տۣȻתͷ壬ʦֿɷһ𣿡
ûʲôɵģ˵ȥҲá̾˵ڳλҪģȥʶ£ʲôֱ֪ĺá
ԣպ̻ۣ·
ɽפؾŲԶ߹ȥһӱ㵽ˡ
աݺ˳ǽسǵС幰ֽеȻתԵˡ
ǽͬʦãպҲǴӦսȴǰϤ˵
СԵ˵ͷ˵ߡȻ˳ǽҰĵط
һվڳǽϣĿȥޱ߹Ļս
ѻΪսĹϣ飬սҡ
Ŀϸһʱɫ䣬ǡ
ս˵ĳҷʿ֮⣬Ȼĳª׶ġ޷ޣħħڣսϴɽɵ۵ʿǼҵսɱš
ǵʿʮһֱĹսɱ


189 ս
վڳǽ¥ϣĿңǰսǵصĳªΡ׶ɱ¾ħ, 㱼·ص̫þ, ϹħŰΧǳ, ʱԡѪսɱħϹʿˣˡ
׺ɣǨƣʼġ
ʲôͫ·սɫ΢΢ףһı, ·𿴼ĳּΪֵĵĴڡ
ħޡصĿͬųǽ·սɸŵʿͷسǾɵսʿħٿعǵħȺҽս
εսһ˵, ħʿδֱӲսǶħȺ󷽣ָȺײгªħȺǳء
Ⱥħ޲ֻ֪ɱ¾ΨгɱǷֹǵĽŲÿһιսǶƴÿһֻħ޶ɱ, һħȺɱ, Ƕں󷽵ħֱ᳷ˣ˵, ϱҧгݣûֵ
պ̶ֵһ, Լͬ˳Ĭ, ܱƵƢõʦ໰, ħħ൱ɺ, ȱµĺܡ
һλ֮ʱħᷢڶιǡƽ飬ħ̫ǿ̣Ͱ̫һ̣ħȺǡ
Щħ޾ɱһֻֻֻͷ·Զɱ㡣ΪħȺǣǵսʿֻÿƣͳսǰ֮ǰЩսʿѾսʮˣȫûϢʱ䡣
εսκһζһǼΪġ
պĬеǾ䡰սκһζһ˼Ҳ֪δ֮ԣսκһζѡ
ȻħǷ˿ٴսħ޵ķԲսͶ֮·޾ħս޽磬ħʿǲûֱսħ޴ΪսҴԣ޽ս
£ս޽ǼΪģֻǵ޽
Ǿ֪ħڴʲô⣬޽ҲֻðǵĴȥı޽ûа취ȥɱǵħȺֻӭսɱ֮
ճĬ·̫ˣϹʱϹħ˹ǳصġ
忴ͻȻĬЦŻ˵ˣսʿҲϢˡ
յĿһֱ·սΪٿħħȺǱ˵սϵħȺĿǰΪֹ࣬һ˫ͷսк֮䣬ڽ𵤡
ԳսڽΪ֮ϣԪӤ֮¡
սԪӤ֮ϣ¡
˵գ̾˿һħȺǣ򣬰ͷ½ǽԳ˫ͷ
Ҳ˵ҲҪϰԪӤʿսʵȴǷһ붼ԴճΪֻաÿһεĹսҪħȺ߳һϵսʿʵǿԣ߳һףٷǲܳ˶ĸ߽ʿΪ͵սҲãĸʼ
һսҲ˵ÿҪʿսɶ඼ǽΪʣĳҲ඼Ϊսܱ֤ʡ
ĿǰΪֹóõݣսߵϳϾãƱҪΪ׼׼ȡʤһǲϧһдۣ⡣
պĻľĻ͸һⳡսǲ޽սżܸߣи߽Ϊʿܳս֤սʹ
Ǻһһ㣬ħսеͽΪʿδ߽ʿٲսռݽλںڵսвŻ˫Ͷ߽Ϊսʿľ޽绹ħ򣬸߽ΪʿԴױͶսС
һΣսһʼħĵ޽и߽ս⡣޽統Ȼܽĸ߽ʿͶ޵׶սУôƱءͶнʿսϡսֲΪĲࡣ
Ҳζšġ
سǵľʿ඼ںΪҲζεĹսǱľʿɲ̫óֻܿ޽ĸšһʳԮ
ǸӴḶ́ҪЭǳ˳ʣҪȺݣѹסЩ뷨˺
չ룬;Ϣ
ʵʵǰսϻŰɣᣬսᰡһḻأϹսߵħոǰ׽еġ
̧·ǽսռսħȺսƴɱսѰںѹѹȺҵһϮɫȾѪĴҶɫޱ飬ֳź⽣һͷɱ
ͷѾѪ죬սݣҶһ̴ĸͣսͭۺȻء
նɱͷҶգĿսѰţȻŽٵĸһͷһͷкʿΧϽԴˣ֧šͷԪӤڵսԶкʿΧնɱˡǣǱȥסһսŰɱ䣬𵤳ڵʿ˲ء
սϵһҪססĴڣ޽սԪӤʿ࣬඼ǽнʿҪ֤ǵİΣͱȲססͷڲõսԪӤʿһʣһɽкʿɵսΧסܻɱáǲܻɱǱɱԪӤǰԮɱ
տŴҶѸٵֻɱһͷȻѰһͷ
ʦսʮֿɿ岻֪ʲôʱԣ˳߿ȥ˵ɱսʿģסĽʿ֪ôƺ콵
˵űЦˣʦڿսܻӭˣ˿ɲ١
տһۣ˵ʦһᶼܺãܿɿ
ʦִ⣬ǣʵ
Կۣɫ΢˵Ҫȥ𣿡
š
Ϊȴʦֽⳡս˵
ɵҲ޼£ȥûʲôġڷкܶҪȥɡ
ǵӣɽ˵ڷռмƣлгŵפڣЩսϵúǵĹϵԼЭʣȷսʤıҪ֤
ǺӳǣҪֵ񷱶࣬ȥʲôģ˵⽻ϲҲóսвסҲԼ
ȲҪЩʲôΪЩսƴɱսʿЩʲô
忴һۣ˵һȥ
߰ɡתͷԵݺ˵
š
á
̧ĿĿһ۳ǽսƴɱĴҶһۣȻת塢ݺһȥ
սʱ⡣
ֻдӮⳡ֮սػסˡ


190 
ڻȥ·ϣյ˽񷮳ǵ, սơǵصֲԼӦעɻȵ, ȵɽפ, ն·ǵ˴µ˽⡣
ʦáɽפشǰվŵĸʵʦŻյˣʾȥ
ʦˣʵ
ţһǰصģŵ󡣡˵Ҵǰȥ
ȥ, ʦˡ˵תݺ˵ȥʦˡ
ȥɡݺ
š̡
ŵ
ˡ
ֹŵ, ˵
ʦˡ
նȻǰ߽ŵ
ʦ𡣡տϷŵڵͷдʲôǺӣе
Ǻͣжʸһԣ̧ͷ, ȥǰսˣ
š˵
Ǻӿ, ˵˵뷨
սսԼ˵鱨ܽһ, Ǻ˸йħ֮սǰս棬ĩ˵Ҿ, 
ħ, ħƿصĴħ޵ġĸ塱
Ҷ, Ҫȴ, 뵽ħȻҲ뵽롰ס
ǺյĻ˵ͷʾ֪ˣȻȡһţȥΪʦȣЩŸͳȥ
ֽӹţĿЩϿһۣȻ˵ˡ
ǵھȥ˵ת뿪ˡ
ǺӵЩױŶȥǵĸšңղ²Ӧǰսйأҵȥˡһȥڣפصλŵӿţ˵ɽɰ
ǰ˵ʦǰ߰Σս
ɸ壬ʦڲڣһύġڵĵ˵
Ǿˡ˵Ȼͣȥ¸طš


ȵ֮ɫѾˡ
̧ͷĲ񷣬ԼɼǹĻɫǱī㣬Ũīɫһο½鳲綼ż⡣
ջĿ⣬Ȼ첽ϻɽɡ
ջصɽפصʱӭײϴǰսĳսɽɵǣϵɫƣŲءǵϻٶˣﶼһŨѪζɱ
ǰͷһϮѪȾɫ۵ĴҶϸӲĮ޲һѪĽ
նסŲĿ⿴ſҪȴҶ̧鿴һ۸סɤӡҶδ˵һ仰Ųûͣһ£ֱԽ뿪ˡ

ֱԶˣղż̧Ųǰȥ
ɽפء
ص䣬ڵ£һԲ
սĲпԶʤ󣬵̫þڣΪž˵˼άһеãԲûĳ̵ĸд
ʶսʶ޷ݵģп
һޱ飬һĵȥ֮ȥĳء
ֱ֮󡪡
Ŵⱻˡ
ۿۿۡ
յ˼վǰȥš
Ŵ򿪣վŵǻһīɫ۵ĴҶϻɢŵԡ
û֮ǰפŵѪϵɫҲһĿº͵Ŀǰգʦá
տš
𣿡Ҷʵ
δҡҡͷ
Ҷ΢΢˴¶ЦǱһȥɡ
á
պʹҶʳõʱѾ˲ˣɨһۣжǴսĵӣǺܺñϡϹսˣûϹģһ۱ֱܷ
뷽פʱһڵǣ϶ɫɴЦߵͬŽ̸ţϵϢǷɺºͣжеķȥеӲ̡
ûŨɢȥѪζֻʳζ
Ҷ˸Ц˵ʦţȥȡʳ
Ҫʲô
⣬ʲôҾͳʲô˵Ҷԣʳ
ҶЦ˵á
ʳٻʱһϲǰ
һòͣһţʦȥǽˣ
šӦ
ôһҶЦ˵
̧һۣҲá
ҶЦδ˵
Ƭ̣ʵʦ֣ˣ
һС˶ѣҪҶ˵

տüͷšʲôҲδ˵
˵ʲôأ
սϣɱв֮
ֻҪţսСˡ
ҶĬɫΣʲôҲδ˵


֮󣬴ҶҪȥǺӻ㱨鱨˵ʦҪһͬȥ𣿡
˵ãҲҪʦ𡣡
ǶһͬǰȥŵǺӡ
ŵڡ
ʦ𡣡
Ҷ߽ȥǺڿһͼǶ˽˵ͼĿ˴Ҷһ󣬡δˡ
ԣҶ¶һЦݣʦ÷Ҳͬ⡣
ǺƳۣô
δҡӣ֪ǵҡ
Ǻô⸱̬֪ҶʮֲҪսǰսĳսʿһֻսһΣаյټϡˣǼΪƵĳսܴ󡣴ҶȴսҴӴսʼһնδϢںġ
ȰȰǺһȥСˣﻰ˼ҪǺӹܹܴҶǿϢ
㽫սϸ˵˵ĿǺ
Ҷ㳯˸ϸս㱨ĩ˳Ƭ̣ΪԱ֮֮
Ǻӵ˵ͷδ˵ʲôֻǵϢʦȥ

վһԱǾһ£ȻӦã
һԾԾԣնħרҵģ
⻰ɲ٣̫þûɱϹħɱĶϹħԹˡ
Ҷüͷ̧ǰǺӣԵҾòףʦóէǲǡ
Щ˭ǳէǶҪսôǺĿⶢ˿սʦòУ

Ҷɫͱ˵Ǻӣ죬ȴʲôҲ˵
ǺӿתͷԱߵջɫʵճս׼ˣҪʲôᡣ
оʲô裬ֻҪʦڼеҿһս߰
Ǻһοɫã
Ϊʦ㿭
ҶǶˣšüͷ͵ǲջΪεĿЦ
ʦʦãԼڱɡ
ַʽ
ոȥǺӷˣȴתͷŴҶҶ¡
ǡҶ֪⽫µ˼ȴҲҷ
ն˸ֻı飬˵ˣʦˡ
ȻûͬŰˡ
ˣˡ
Ҷ
ʦá


191 治
ǺӴһɽɵ滻սƣսһˣҹһ˱Žȥԭֻսľ, ôҶפطǵʿȥȺէ±һ޵ѵ, ǽսϵľԼսĲԡ

ջһϮɫĵ, ͷȫ˶Ȼ򿪷ųȥˡ
ʦáݣһϮѵݺŶվӢϺЦ˻֣ȥء
տ, ˵ͷţһһû
˵, תȥ
ŵݺʱһĿעȥӰ֮ʧЦǡװɵˣ
ǰ
ţ
һȣصĳŴ, , һնħ, ͬҳǳأȵ, ʿ̤ս
ɫط·Ѫ, ݲ, йӲҲѾһļ̤, ֮С
ʿվƬɫսϣɱĬվԣǵʮ˵ĳǳطǣҲ޽ĵһǳء
ѪҲҪػǳء
̧ĿǰƵײгªι״ħ޻Ŀ¶׹⳯ǵͺǵħʿٿһս
߰ĺŽǴս
ɱдѪζ
ħλһ£Ƶħ˲һ㣬ĳŷսʿǹ˺ҧȥ
ɱ
һ£ǵʿҲȥħƴɱ
սභ
ɱǰ֮еħ޶ӿȥΧˡ
һͷսһŵ壬һͷ㿴˱һȺΧգһɨԼʮͷʱɫ󺧣еʦã
İΧȺɧŵգתͷްʦɱҪصҡ
壺ôûµӡ
ΪնЩһûǰͷһצӿƸձܹ
һսʮͷȴ·磬ĲˣȺħ޶кܴĳֵֻҪսһվȺħ޵ĿȫϣΧһˡ
ԭܲµϹħԹͬȺħϡ
ͬҲˣԹ䣬ҲͬʹöȺħǿĹȺħЧ
ʶ㣬յӱַɿת
տŹٰܵӰսӰ㣬Զʵʵ˺նعŴգȴһ·δ䣬ΧȺ˲ᣬ˼ͷ
ȵλԪӤʿնɱǷ䵽ͷǰԮʱ򣬾Ϳ䣬һһͷӡ

˴ʧɫʦúײУʦִҶҪײаҲʤ
ԭҪԮˣʱ˵ˣһʱ侹ǽҲҲǡ
ǳɵʱշǣ̧ǣҿӦλʦֻǰȥʦʦǣ
ȷӦ㵱²ٳɣʦСģ
תȥԮųǿסĽʦʦˡ
̫þŷḻĶԵնɱϹħľ飬ʱսħޣȻЩ˼ͷ֮һ˸оʱײˣֱȡħ
һӣ㽫Χʮͷȫնɱˣ
ֻˡ
նɱʮͷ֮ͣĸȥһǰӶȥʿѵΧסһͷ
һֱֱͷΧסȥ˸ŵʱͷ׺ݺУǷݲΧʿĹӲĽǵĹʹ˺ֱųǰճȥ
һú˼һ˳ȥĽʿǣʱҲһ£
ôͻȻôף׵öҪˡ
һĹƣǰǼЩµʦܡʦ˵ͷԸȥǵġ
Ǽʿԣ˵лʦ㣡
Ȼתȥնɱħޡ
ѸٵնɱͷʼʩȥһطԮ


ⳡսΪɣ˵̫ˡ
֧ոԮ˵ĽʿսǣսɱԳ˫ͷ
һɫЩ㱣ҲǱʦ𣿡
ţҲ𣿡
ԣҲǡ


һ֮Ƿ׷׸пʦ̫ˣŽӤãնɱԪӤкΪˡ
ֹǿնɱǷй϶˰ɻɱ
һȺ˵˵ֿʼɫˣʦ̫̫̫ˣ
ǿ쿴ԵĽʿе
̧ͷȥֻǰѾ˻ɱգֳɱսιȴѸٵķţһȺĽԳ˫ͷ
أ
֮еħ޶׷׷ǰĶȻתͷ׷ˡ
ҵսţŴħ˵ʿǣ
ٰӰĹȺٶȣսϷɧŹ֣һȺħޡ
ⶼҪаͷ˰ɡ˵Ŀʦã𣡡
һأ
ֱ
ιȷɧһȺħޣˣҲû֣ǴһȺСβͣٵĳǰһطȥ
ȥǸطվһڵ۵ʿձһơ
ռ״ӿٶȣѸٵĺȺħȺ˾룬һҵļԶ
˳ȥȻڵϡ
ʿԶǰ档
ȺŵħȺȴءһײһεĲš
סˣ޷ǰС
ۼſɿζĴľǰȴֻĿŶ޷죬Ⱥħ޶ʱˣǷŭĹסǵεǽڡ
ǵĹ£һķɫĹָ֡
ƬɫĹǽǸסˡ
תĿ⿴ȺУſ񱩷ŭ󷨵ħȺõȴš
ʮŰߡ


һ
䡪һҵıը
󷨺رһ⣬ǽڣȺסħȺը˸ҷ
ǻƮ
ԶĿ׷գɶʿǡ
ʱˣëȻ
ȻǶѣǻǡ£ɪɪ
Ƕѣ
տڱըֻʣ¹ǻҵħȺüеĻҪң̧ǰ꣬Ŀ⣬ڵҲ̧΢΢ף˷ɫȻ졣
ա
˻ǲò࣬Ŷ˷ֱĸȴǺڵġ
˳һᣬεⲻġ
Ĳǡ
ģ
գֻԶѡ


192 ̫ʿ
Ϊ̫еʿԳǸʦսϾ׼ޱȵľѻĽ, Ǹʦ, ۲ܾˡ
ŽտһͷԳԴ, 
ҪҪҺ̫п˵ЩħǸʦ
ѾڶǿԼǸʦˡ
ԣü
ҺҲ㽫Уһȫɱ̫Լ˵
Բûش, Ŀ⿴ãɫмְգ
ܽ, ʮ̫֡˵
ʱЦˣ˻ţ֡
УҴӦˡ
һʼֻΪŵŵ̬, Դԡ
û뵽Чͦ, ĺá
ԶԶسһĴָ, Цˣ
̫ɫ˷
˼, ո롰塱, ̫и󷨡
ըһһޡ
ڼĻսϵսǵѹͬʱ, ҲǼѹ, ôײУһҲǸһ̻ըˣ¡


󣬽ⳡսǱƽʱ˰ʱպΪ̫еڵӹû
ս֮մһѪζʿһͬսһŨѪζǴ඼Ѫ˲أֻЩƤˣնɱħڶ࣬ħ޵ѪһǼɫĵطѾطɺԵѪȾķڡ
̫ܲв֪ʲôʱߵԣīɫҪҪӣ
տ˵˾ƤдӲӡ
̫ɫɶ˷˵ҹ۲սʽǿǼ㣬Ҳ޷ͬʱͷϵս
ϵ˴󲿷ǱΧʱµġϬָ

տ治ɫҲǴС
죡
̫п΢΢´ǡ
Цˣնǣָ
̫Ĵѹȥޱ˵ûС
У
㿴ˡ


ճսݣһöѣʳ¯ĶѲܸɣ㡣
㡣̫нһСС̸
տе̣ûӣʵǣ
һظѪ̣ԷֹвСˡ̫Ǹ䵭ģ
ĿĿۣȻ𣿡
̫бĹע£Ŀ΢ĿۣʵصС
ֻһ㶼ٶǸ߽ϣķҲܴ
ϵɫ˶٣ǽһ䣬ħ޶ģֻһ
֮ˣҲµĿ
տһۣҾ͹ˡ
ֽӹ̣Ȼֶ˱񣬲л
Ȼתǰ뿪ˡ
̫Ȿ飬סˡ
ð֮ͷȥֻеⱾȻдš󷨴١
Ǹ󷨵ɵʦǵ


սһɸżеķϽ󷨵ʦġ󷨴١̫֮󣬱̲ˣõİá
㲻ͨ󷨣Ҳֻ֪ЯԶָʿѪж󣬼ֵǧΪɲһ䵣ĳμĺɣܹĳȥġ
ղþܾһ⣬Ҳûյİã⣬һﻻһ
Ȼۼֵˡ
Ͼһ󷨵ɵʦıѧֵɹơ
ǰɣ⡣
ǧѻˡ
ɨս֮ǡ
ţսʿǷǡ
뷮֮һֻľӱֻΪʿǵĽʿ뿪ǵפء
ֻһ˲䣬֧ӱֻʣһˡ
ʣµһ˱ɽɵĵӣĴ³ɽɵפȥ
פ·ϡ
ʦã̫³çˡԣһͬɫ̫Σˣ
ûзĻֻǵ
ԿŻ˵ЩʲôնסĻһһʦʱʦ֪Ϊθ
Ҳçײ
忴ϵɫƺ飬ԥ£ʲôҲû˵ֻǵá
˵Ǹڵʿ飬Ŀ⿴ʵ
˵Ҹպʦ飬̫У֪٣
üϱǳ˼ãղŵҲδ˵ˡ


193 
δ˵һʦӦɻ, ̧, ЦЦ, ˵Ҳϵôˣʦ֪ҿȥ̽һ
ˡ˵ֻǺʣ鷳
Ȼ岻֪Ͳͷȥ̽ˣҲʲôҪ顣
ɽפء
ջȥɽפ, ԡɾ·ȥǺˣʱ, ҶҲڣǺӻ㱨ս
գˡǺӿͰʵճսоΣ
ܺáպԥ˵, һսٸغϡ
ǺԶʱЦ, վһԵǳ˳, û
ʦҽսһڵʦնǺ˵, Ч, °빦
ǺԵ˵ͷ˵, ʦһ㱨
Ϊ, дЧղܻڳֱ˵Ѿ̫еѽ֣սϿɱħޡ
ǺĿ⿴ġ
룬Ȼҿڵʦ֣ΪαɵӲܺɵ֣ﳤ̣ܶ©ȱνŶӣǼܹӳ˵
Ǻʾ˵
ʮɵӸƩɽɵӣսҩȵóƣóسóŵսɵƵ֣סħޣս󲼷ҩƣɽȸɵӵҪǿĶࡣ
Ƿˣʿ˵վͬһսϣǶǸģֻԼ棬档ɽɵֻɽɵĵӣҩȵֻҩӣֱЧʵº
Ǻӿ¶˵ȷǸ⣬±㽻ȥ졣
ա
дϸķԣ콻ΪʦǺĿĿΪʦ㡣

գǲԼԼ˸鷳
ݴǺ֮
պʹҶһȥ忴Ŀֹ
ʦ֡պ̧ʲôֱ˵ɡ
忴̾˿ʦ֪ΪθɵӴǱڵӣӲӣ
ΪΣʵ
Ϊͬڣй˼ɡ˵ҲǲΣȻսǴһﶼսѣֻͬۡǣŵĹϵǵ޽һңˣµȻ
Ƴɼøŵӣ²ס˵˵᲻֪һֱɵӶǽ޷˭Ҳߡ
һֱҶˡ˵
Ҳ̾˵εκһζһսϵħȺǼѹһҪͶսս˭Ҳ֪ⳡսʱǱҪ׼
ҳЧսԣ
Ⲣǵܹȡʤսʹ˶Ƴɼ໥˵õ¡
֤Ϲʱǳʤǿħĳ֮õ֮սʱСԲòܵһ𣬹ͬĶԿǿϹħ
Ųɳܡ̧Ŀ⿴ǰ壬ĹͷѡŽֻıܡ
ԣƿԡ
ܣУУҶСռ˵ԣ˵ǲѡ
ֻȱȷЧ˵ɶѡ
գһᰡ
ԭȰշҪ鷳ҪսѾˣҹҪķѱʱ;棬ֺáԼ˵ˡ
˵ļƻڴ
ƺǸͷǿµģ֪˾ڴ
뿪֮
ҶĿ⿴жգ
ʮɰɡճ˵
ҶԶʱЦˣôİ
ǰչΪҺܴ
Ҷ⸱Сģоеģ˳˰ͷʦңȥͱ𣿡Щζ˵
Ҳû취İǽص˰Ч治ҺǸʦֿɱħʵʵ
˹ֱʱôҶ޻˵
ԭֻǹζЩζˡ

ջط֮󣬱ڳǰǰһſհ׵ֽţϺëգ˼ҧҧʸˣڿ˼ڤдǸԼƻ齻Ǻӡ
֮Ŷ˵һʣд
ȣҪÿһսʿһīƷǧﴫ¼Ϊֻ
ǿϴһħսֿ̳̳ɽƵƩ罻顢Ű顢۵顭
սϢŰǸŵĵ̣۵ԣֳƹˮ顭
սΪսʿӻԾ
дĵļƣдһ֣սʱúͶսֵӰ졷
ܽ¡
ȿøʿཻս鱨ʱ鱨ܻ黥ֻսʿѹʿɢ໥֮˽⣬꣬Ϊ޽ĺгѺס
ɼǸöǶӦӵ翪ͨ翪ܡ
ĩˣָҳġйֻͳݣսʱúͶսֵӰ졷
īǧδ¼ֻϴһ͵մռ䣬ֻͨմռڵĶ͵ֻʿУ͡
սʿʴ䣬һȿɴļʱٶȣͳ䣬ɽٲҪ˷ѣֹֺĺԵ档
ɼٺԱսͶǰսϡ


ɢװģţššСţңɢ Լͳ彮Ļʳ
ɢװǿǿΪΪͬ棬սһ飬ɶԿħĴ֧ǿӴľӣɢװġ
սֻǸձսʿѾ¶֮⣬ȵսߵڸԴԴϵǰߣڷǰսʮսʿӣìֻԵ
ս޷Ӳ˵Ҳӡ
վòһʼⶨһ³̣šһʵķ֣Ǹܺõİ취켸δսļ¼֣ìܵıʷֿ顣
ǰսҽҩ֮أص㡣
ҽҩʵҵòУǸõȹɵĵӣֳһָͬˣЩǿЩֱӵµЩŵʶò꣬ЩǸûá
ĺԵ
ìܲ˵ʵļ˷ѡ
뵽㣬԰Ҳдȥ˲ԼƻĴʹռ͡͡⡣뵽̾˿ԭֻǵΪ˿ֱͨõģ˭뵽ڴսЧ
칤ʦھֻʱ򣬶û뵽㡣
ֻǵĽһȤ顣


194 
գһ硣
ձݺķһ޵ʱдϸеĲԼƻǰȥǺˡ
ôվ·, ĿڴĶǰǺ, ʦ, 𣿡
ǺӿĲԼƻ飬Ƚеҳ֮ãȻΪʦáԡ
, ϲЦտҲôã
ǺӱķӦЦˣ, ݲΪʦˡ
ȥϢɡ
šյͷӦ
ղسսϢһ죬˴ҶǺʦͽյŬ
ճէǵĵһ죬Ǻפһ֮ճսʱ, ǺӴŴҶפغͳһ, ǱҪһս
Ǻӽһս, ԼɽɴһӢӣͷԭսʿӻ, ֧š
Ҷһ, 帺ڶ, ոľ, ڵһλԪӤʿ
֧սһ죬㶼ܵһ֮ǰֻ졣
ҵȥ֮ʦ⣬Ҳɳȥˡ֪ǣǰŸһȥʮһݺȥҵһģһĲ飬ͳʮһŵİϡ
ĵʮһţ޽粻һʮ֦ͬ
ʮһţԶڱ˴ħսĴҪ֮һڵôƲġ

һϮ˪ѩѩɵջ֮޳ָݲ飬Ϥ壬ɵ΢΢Цˣ΢էѩڣů
ִֽȻͬ⡣


ѵһ죬˼ٵվȥú˽һ¶ѣ¸飬±˴˵˽Ĭսϵϡɽɵפأǰȥ̫еѣȸĸʲôġ
ڡ
ҹɵ̫еѣͨһվפصĴǰŵʿ˵
Եȡʿ˵Ȼתͷ
Լһʱ
һϮɫ޳̫˳ɫǶ˷䵭΢һףѡ
̫еѡնЦģûпգһȸ裿֪һĺܺõĲ¥
̫Ŀ⿴֮˵á
Ǿ߰ɵѣҴ·˵
ԼҲǽɵģ֮ǰҸڵʦѯʹʲôֵһȥĲ¥¥ʦֱƼΪ¥Ĳ¥ҵĲˮ˵õľˮϵ˼ǿھס
˴ཫ䵱Ǵ˵޽겻ӰοסССһھˮȷǺˮϺõȪˮ
¥һˮڵġ
Ҳ¥ĵǷóԵĲ㣬һ
մ̫н¥Ҫһż䣬ȻһǵƲ㡣
ڵϲʱս¥Ĵ˵˵̫Уʱ䣬ҵ¥˵ΪõˮȡסľԽ¥
ôأ粻ڴ˽СЦǺ˸ɡ
ġ

̫˵ȷһͷסһھ
ա
Ȼģ
顭
һʱ޻˵˺þãֱżű죬Сˮ͵ģϡŻعȻģ⡣
ǸҪˮջһڱסȵȣģⲻǡϴˮ
еġ
ţϱ¶ı顣
ǰ̫пϵɫο˵ͷǰɣǿھס

һ㶼ûðοĿĵؿһֻۣҪһ뵽ϴˮϴˮҲϴˮ
ԣȾ𣿡Ǭȡһƣǰ̫л˻ΣƷĺƣһ㲻óȣܹ
̫ĿⶨЦˣ˵ġ
˵ġ
ʱ
պˣڵĳӶˣ
ĿµĿǰһһ¶ǵ̫УĹôܺȣ
ⲻһľƣǼƷĺƣҲֻǺӵĹϵʮ̳ƽʱ᲻úȣһҲҹ˾ȡôһССðƣȵ΢Ȼϴ˯һҹߡ
ľƣһԪӤʿǰˣѾʮˣһƾһﰡ
ʹʹʹ
ʧˡ
̫пһʹıȴǿţÿοһ᲻ȴòǬȡ;Ȥ¿ּˡ
Ѿܾûôֹˡ
㣬Ҫ𣿡տǰ˵ľƺ˳ʵ
ԼӦ£ҲҪ֡
̫пϵı飬ЦЦʿɶֹþգҡͷˣӡ
ԣ˿
һɣ˿ϵ̲ɫĵҧ˿ڣȷ壬㳢
̫Ŀ⿴ǰϵڰڷŵľ¿ɿڵĸɫģ£˿飬΢΢ҧ˿ڣȻʣԼǰСڣпɡ
һ⸱ӣ֪ϲ
ҲǸ̵Ϊһվһ޷ɹʶġ
ĳ꣬ȻӲ˲̧֣ǰ̫˵ʵҽ°㡣
£̫пʵ
սҶ֣°빦룬ȻҶ˿֣ΪɵĵӲ֣ﳤ̣ܶ©ȱ໥˵Ҫ˵ɼƸңŲսͨʱԼЧԣǱ뽣ƫ棬С
̫Щ֪г㣬׼ļʶҲ޷͸Ҫʲôʲô취ɼǰ໥֣˵Ҫȴ򵥡
ôʵ
ܼ򵥣֣ʵԼ˵
̫У
һ¶Իı飬
ǣ棬Ӫˮһջ˸򵥴ֱĴ˵ġ
̫У

Ȼûϵֱص㣬ô
ܼ򵥣Ҫһն΢Ц˵ܼ򵥵ġ
Ҫ
͵ʣ
ն˵ǬȡһͺֻȻǾͺŵҲϵЩֻ߼ϾֱӴӿûģֻҪϾͿˡ
̫У
ĿⶢǸַֹγ￴ãʧȥ˱飬ʲô
㲻֪վʵ˵һ㶼أиоǰλ˷䵭̫еѾչ޶겻£뾭˷˲Ǵɽİɡпġɴͳʿ
ŻԱһֻ
̫з·仰˰㣬ϱ䵭ˣĿޱ鿴һۣ֪
֪ûϵҸܣ˵īƷǧﴫ̫Ϊֻɡ
ǧﴫֻʲôƹΪҪΪֻ̫Ϭָʵ
ա
Ϊͽֻ
սֻĵһ͵ϬС
·𿴵֡


195 
޷ش̫⣬ֻ˵, ⲻҪ
ҽôʹϽתƻ⡣
̫Ŀ⿴һ, ûϾ, רעʹֻ
ʵ֤̫ȻǸˡǴϻ۹һֻͨһ飬ˣʦͨĵյˡ
գе㸴ӡ
ֽ̻˼ϸ, ϸױϳ˵΢顣
ıʹȻ㡣
ս̻̫֮󣬼׶ĺ˵˱ʲôȤ̫¶ԭôı, ǰ΢΢һЦԡ
ƺܸȤӣվеΨ²ҡ

ǺӵĶܿ죬īĵӾʹʮֻϵ˷ǣīӵ֮õһǸʿǷֻ, һһ, һʹ˵顣
֮ǰֻһ, ͷһ޽粻ȱĴͳʿ, ռʿȺеļһ, ǾͶֻȤīͳ, ֮, ޽ֻʹʲ֮һ
һΣΪսʱҪΪһʮһųϵǷݲ飬źĴսǳֱӸʿǷֻһ
ֱʣֱīϰֻŸĴСţЩŶǸ
ܻͥҲڻ̫Ůɪ£īɺڴܽռƹֻ


һºīڲͳƣֻ޽ռѴﵽٷ֮ʮ
Ҳ칤ʦ֪գֻ칤ʦϢ΢΢һЦ
ֲϵѪգֽŽһͷͿԱϵЦֻϢüսϱֻ
Ǹս˴սɨսصʬкĲѪޡ
ѸٵķţȻֻ𣬶ЦЦǸ
ۣ̿ʲôû˵
ɨս֮ʾسС
ҹ
ԡ꣬һɵɫ£ϣָֻɿĲš
۵̳ʽߵӡ
ʱ
һгֻʿϵͳʾ۵̳ʽߣڴ۵ѡȡ𸴡
нӵϢʾʿĵ㿪۵̳ȵһ۵̳ע¼ʹָϣʿָע¼֮󣬱ȥĿǰΨһŵħսϢ顣
һȥöҲĿǰΨһշġְֽ˿ɱǧħޡĴսƵ
սʿǿʱĬˣһԲĬĬص㿪ӣƵ
սʿǣǵһʱ磩˿ɱǧħޣ²Σ
Ļȡ֮ϹսҪϹս˵Ȼ
ǸƢõˣǿ̲סŭѴԿЦ֪ж˵ħսϣ֪ȺħǺεײУɱҶͬ


ֻһգ۵Ĺӱ㱻ǧ¥
տŷٵˢĻظ²ɸп޽˼άжж졣
˳Ĭ㿪ƵĬĬۿķʿ̿ƻ̲סŭ¥սʿ֮⣬µʿһ±ƵĳԹϣǿɿˢĻظֺ档
ں棬Ҳȥ㿪ϷƵ
һ㿪ȿǱǵĳªΡײйħȺΧڳǳ⣬׹ⷢͫǰķǡ
⡭ʲô
ûǰ߲սҲ֪˴ħս鱨ͨʿסˡ
ţǿǳصĴŴ򿪡
ǵʿж߳ǵ˳ǽǰվħȺǶš
Ϊ׵һϮɫɽɵ۵գذ˪ľˣгָǰħȺսʿɱ
һ£ʿ붯ˡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ


ս죬ˣˣˣ
ħޡսʿսƴɱ
ѪĻϣȾ˵ۡ
Ŀʺ졣
ȺħȺǿǿ
Ƶ޺ħɱսƵǺܿĵó㣬ΪսȺħ޻֮ϣƵսҪ˲ܶԸһͷޱɿ
ħ޲ֹսǿƤ޾ʹֱսһΣֻнǳɱܽⳡս
֮£޵̫ˡ


Ŀʺ죬֫壬ǿħޱɱҲšʿ£ʬܿıħ޸˺ѡ
˶Ĭˡ
ΨĿˣ֪սĲпԶǵ֪
Ƶľͷһת˾ͷһࡣ
Ⱥ඼ǼּյΧһͷħ޵Ĵ£һ˶һ
ǱգһϮɫ۵ιȶѸٵսϷٵĴţ󡭡һȺħޣִһʮͷ

пһĻˣɵصһյ
ﲻɵغ죬ܣ
ܣҪ׷ϣ
ȻǾĿιܶɧսϿٵ㴩ŵħȺԽԽ࣬ԽԽ࡭
һʼʮͷϰͷ
ˣ
ıԵ񱼲ֹ
ֹݰ
ǱһĵΪյȫǲţ̲ס°
һķ·𱻸ѳ룬һˮһǻˮȵС
Ҫʲô
̲ס˵ʵ
Ȼ֪ܿҪʲô
Ǳ㿴ƵϷɦֵձһȺϰͷħ׷ţܵսһյϣֻ·վһһϮ°׵۵꣬λձһƣ˾Ƕ԰һ㣬һ˲˽
Ȼһ룬ձ㳯·ֱȥȺ׷ŵϰͷħҲ׷ȥ
ڵϣͣ¡
ôһͣƵǰʿɤôͣˣ
ôͣ£ܣܰ
ܣ׷ϣͻ


ȻǾ۾ϰͷħ޳վ·ϲճ˹ȥ¾
Ƿ·𿴼ˣձħȺ˺ĳ
ȴ
һɫǽȺħ޾ײεǽϱסǰ·Ȼţ䡪һ
һĢ̻ա
Ⱥħޣ˲ըѳɷ۳ǻҡ



˼״Ĭˡ
֪ʱһֱڲϵˢظŭյҲֹͣˡ
һ󳤾õĳĬ
ֱһϵͳַµʾԱɽյµöӣǷ㿪
ʿŻ㱻ع
ǵ㿪µӣӵĿǣֻҪ˵ȥҲԣ
һżӣڶӱǸĽѧɻ
ǾϸĽħսϵħǵΪսǿȡٶȡ㡢ֲȫķ˱飬г˸ֶԸķ
ȻȫķʮһŵսԼ㣬صﳤֹ̡ܶɵսƺͺôֵӵС
ӷʽܽ¾ǣƼ˫   ܵģʽŵȣܴܿܿԾ⡣ǣսԲ㡣
Կ䶯ϣƵ  ܣֱƵģ  ܡ
ֱȫҩĲ˵ӣصʾ˵׷ѡ
Ƽƶӣܶӣƶӡ
ɽɡڡš
ƣҩȡ֡ũʹ
ƣ󡢰¹Ժڡ
ܣɽ¡
īĵǽã廮ΪǿƻǶܡ
ұʾҲɼ˼棬ģʽ
һʱʿȻʣǰؾ̽յʱҲɵӣҲǻϼģʽѡѣǵһϵͳʽڴ͵սУһŶǶսĴͳģʽ
ټ֮ǰǸӣպ̫еֿɱħʵ𺳣̡һʱ䣬ʿۣﲻϵķܽۿԣָĸɵӵսģʽ
һޣʿδߡ


ǵڶ죬ս
ɵĵѾǸģǸŵĵս
죬ˡ
죬ˡ
ϣȶȾӸ߲£ԽԽȣ޽綼飬սǵʿս֮Ҳʱˢӡ
ǵսɺ޸ı䡣
İ취ƺδе̫ͨߵԣ˵
̧ЦЦʲôϷŸտأ
̫пɻ󣬡
ȵϣ֪仰˼
һֱӵ۵̳ħսϢ飬һðӣֱǡ֮ҳȥ˸ڵĵѡ
ΪɬҩޣұҩȵѵĴȣ
ΪһҩȵӣҲòǿ˺ɽͭƤǵĴʦ
ӷֱһɽɵĽڿĽѧ֮󣬱ųµ̬ȺͬʦһڵʿһҩȵʿսսɥɷħȺ־¡
һƶԪӤʿΪҩڿ֮󣬻ǵȥһҩʿһʿԼŵλʦһͬսӴԺ˱ʦҲõûҩ˵Ҹ
Լһҩȵӣڿ֮һǿŸںɽ´ʦӣɽɵӺīһͬսʦıޱȵİȫУ
˷ֱɽ̣ȱҩȰ³
˷ֱʿ˵ûûƭǣĿԣ
˵˷֤ʱϳ˵޽һƬڣ
Ӻð˭뱻ҽ뱻ʦű˭ֲӵһսܴĶѣһɿסȫĶѣ


ȵһʾսʱ򣬾ͷ¾еʿѾˣɵĵӶˡ
һսʿĸңս
ƽʱһӽս
ȵս̫֮ԣû뵽㾹취Ц⡣
̧ͷ˵ѡ
ϳˣ֪ܲӪ
ҲǸͨȶϤ˾ͲСˡҩȵİ³ҧгݵĲϴӦǸͷ·ܵ˶裬ʲôǾԲֶᷢģ
˰



196 
һӪЧĻҪЧֹǷ, սǸŵĵҲʼս, ǸʵսѧҲӦеá
ھĲ˽, Ѿħħ޵Ϊս㣬޽Ҳ𲽵Ӧ˺ħȺսǰߵɻתá
޽ĴսԴԴϵԮҲʹǰߵľȶ̣ս
ͬյǸƵӵĸʿӻԾı֧Ԯǰս⼫Ļǰ߱⡣ս, ʾǱʵġ
սľŴе֧ǺյɽһӢǰԮ֧ڵʮ֧
˲֪ٱ, ⲢζŸǣ޽ԮħħҲڲϵıǿ룬ǿ϶Ǳڸʲôħ޵ʵ顣
Ҫ׽ִսһʼ˵, ӸԴϽ⡣
ŪħǱħ޵ĸ峲Ѩ, Լ߷Ǹ͵ɶϹħħۡ
Ҳﰵ̽ѯǺ, Ǻֻд㡣

ռΣʶзʲô, ȴ޷֪ĸࡣ
ת꼴š
ڷǵħսѾ, ֿ̫ɱħ޵, ˴˫ɷš
գ
ʲôƺţ
᲻ȡ
۵̳Ҳһ̳, ԾʿֱڻħսϢսѧطӵķ˿ڣٲȻһ졣
ȡ˴ֵ͹ֵ
Լû뵽ģתƾЩֵ͹ֱֵ뻯ˣӰѾŬŬ
ǺӶȤҿ㰡ɱǰ;
˵ʲô
Լʦ򲻵ããҪȻʦ档



ա̫кڣµ顣
һǰǺ飬ڷ޽һӪвսʿֻŻפھӪڡȷ˹εĴһ˿ԴڳͬĸңھӪﲻǴŵӻСŵӣӵܻɢޣҶһġ
ӵǿսҲ֮
ɵεľŵľųĸų̫бΪʦȻʦɾʦʱֻǸյԳĬԡ
һǰΪյĵǸƵʿɢҲдСŵĵӡӵܣлдܻʳԮԴԴӿ߾սǡвΪƵеаħҼҹ򶯣Լ
һսس֮󣬱߾սǵľѾȶħ޵սҲḻ˲Աкܶţɵǰսʵˢ£ֶΪ
ˣɢȻ
ɵϱ±ϱ֮Ħ
ϱƴƴðΣմĴþ棬Ǿܹժʵģ
Ǳģǳ־ս֪ʲôʱŻսϵĳ޵ģǺӽ顰ϱˡƻʮΪһֲսǰսʮʿǿ꣬ŷطս
飬Ǻ˵ῼǵġ
˵δӦ֪ʻǻõģֻǾϸڿܻ
б⡣
֮Ǳġ
й±ϱìĦΪųñֹƫ߶ֵ̫ջǻ̳ƽ
̣һҪ˹
ǵĵľսǵоﶼǶһģŴӾųųٵµıʢ˥ô˵Ҳԣ˥ŮǿĿ¡
޽磬ǰսž˵ĸʿǳǰߵģܶ˶ǿǸƵӲŻ𺳴ǰξǰսʿûûսѧġ
Щһ飬޽һģ˳Ϊе֡ս
ĳ׷УŮ޵ռݲСķϷԣ޽ǿһŮ޶ۼս¡
ҲΪˣԽԽ׷ѰǿߵŮ޶Ͷյ¡
ֱӵˣÿξµʱ򣬱ľŵģԶʤšļ£еʿһԵȫӿڵĵľţԵľʽˣֱңԱ̫ˡ
ճ棬ֻȡǰǧʿȰȥţŽεΣŵľųԵ˵ȺʿĻ£ȻǲֱΪЧȥҲһ˵ŬŬְн۷壬պ˵ǿͬһϯգ
ͬһϯĸų
ǿŵһȻȻͻȻܣɫʿǣоˣȻһıôˣɢˣǴͷĲɣС
ʹǺӲòı򣬹涨ÿ֧ű޹涨Ȼֻһľűıըʽľ
Թ涨ȴܹ涨ԱֱյĵľÿαռһϵŮޣֱӵʢ˥Ůޡ
ص㣬ǴŮɣٷ֮ʮŮޣҩȰ֮ʮŮޡ
ҽ޺͸ޱϡ٣ŮռյĵľŲȱҽ޺͸ޣȱսϾľɽɵĽɵġ
Ǻļȱ
ȱƣȱޣȱ˰
ֱӵÿµʱ򣬵ľŶ˸ŵжÿǰбأųԹĿ⣬һԼ·ʱᱻ鲼ĸо
գҿ
Լûеҽޡޣбµ˿


̸ϱǾҪҪһǧʿҽһ٣һ٣ս١
ֵôǻȱҽޣ
԰ǵľŲҽ޶÷ģֱӳЩĽۺĵѪŵж𣿲ȻΪɶÿµʱȺųһ޲óģأ
̾˿ĿֵĿһۣ⻹ǹ!
գ
ĳӰ죬Ǿŵҽޣһʼôӣ󶼻ñײУԶǰߡĿָĿ㷴ʡ¡
գ
ħ渴


197 
ԼҸֵָ, ֻɫڨڨҲûʲôõİ, ս, ͷҽ޻ͦΣյ, ҪԼ
ֻЦһ, ⻰ȥų˵ȥ
ա
ʲôһ, ջһ飬˵Ҫȥɣ
̸һ, 㲻ǲ𣿡
գǻеµġ
ա
бݵ㡣
պ¾Ŵŵľų¶ʱݵ㣬ʼһεб
ųͷƤעĿ, ˽бʾ˳ȥԵųۼĿʾдͳµ, òص»ȱҽ޸𣡣
оҽ޸ˣ
ôҲȰ


еľųҶ֮⣩ʹļʮ޵Ŀ⿴, ˣˣ
, ֮Уֻÿ±ʱĻ, 򶨣ɫȻ, Ųæ˵⻰˵ģѵǳԺȵģ
ÿҽоܾ𣿡տָʵ˵
ųʱƻˣ⵹Ҳû
ҽ޸սǱԵ, 󲿷ҽ޸ҲսƤ಻ܴܴ󡣳յĵľźʹҶĵһţŶȱҽ޸ޡԼҾֲ㣬Ǿ͡ȥе˽谡
Ӫ˴Ҷĵһ֮⣬˴Ŷսҽ޸ޣ˳һ³ȥҽ޸ǱԵߣӦռҵս
۵ˣյı¼ǶҲòϣһ֡˶սսŹ˵ҼΪóھ˵츳Ǳ
Լ
Ҷĵһ֮Բȱҽ޸ޣΪһȫԱǽޣҲ׳Ƶġ˵ӡ
ֻҪҵĽ죬˾˲ң
ҽ޸޵ƾһѽ˾ҩȫ޵һţҽ޸ռ˼һȴ쳣ܴĵľţӪﶼǶһĵ⡣
ųƿڳĬճƶϣԹÿСײˣճɾͱǸˡһȥ޻ˣʲôʱѽȥ˻
ԣų׷װɵҿǸСӴ׳ȥǸӲ
ԱǸҲ


ڲỹ˵飬ҲԹˡ
ռ״ЦһֱߵĲ˿ڣ˸Ⱥ˱˻Եļһ
ڵҽ޸ռ˰һʼȷΪ⣬Ľǿ㣬ʶѡԼģۼڹԴԡ
ĵľҲǿģȫʺ˵ġԴնսսֵƿأÿһεű
ÿһµսʿܹӦսΣռҵսɹΣյ±ڣȻѸٵĳɳΪ᲻ɴǿսʿ
ͳƣյĵľ͵ľš
ڷӪصʮţľһյĵľţڶǴҶĵһš
ҽ޸սԴÿһǾ޴ʧľҽ޸ռ룬вΪ˧Ǻ˳ˮ۵ԭ
ǿĽڵһţǿҽ޸ڵľš
һǰսɨǧһں󷽶Ǭ

ֱ䡣
մǰʿѡһǧϸ±Ⱥ±̸ú󣬾ĺͬµĴҶȥȲԷˡ
˦ƹÿ֣
ӲһˣƳ˴С¶ĵ
˽ڡ
ȺһԽԽˣǻ˵ãҹһҵСײ˺𣡡ճŶüĿȲĴҶԹҾҶǵ˲ѵʦҲս˺𣡡
ҪƶսȤˣûǰսˣ˷ʱ򰡣һı˵漴ƣǰսתãս֮һþͱھˡ
ǰɱУǺӸҪںָսԼΪսս
Ҷİο˵߶͡
ҵϣҲôܡչ˵ҿǽްн޲ǰɱУں󷽸ıʿĻʦ̫ˣ

Ҷ²豭̧ҪҪȥһ
ˣûձôһ˵û˼ˣʵҲ֪ǹؼʱ̣ȺСҲֻΰˣǰսֲһֱƽȥ
һµľ棬ӭǰδеΣ̾˵ǰƽ
ڵĵľΪӪ˴ҽ޸ޣҶĵһսս˴һаٵǿսޣļԴԴϵţΪս
ĺƽδǷɣԽѹ֣籩ǰüޡ
Ҷֻ֪Ǿáն˶٣ֻҪһ뵽ǣΪгһȥһҲ޷ĵ·ûˡ
ͷףȥΰ
ûˣûκ͸ΪˣΪ֣Ϊ塭׵ġ
ΪΪʦȴ֮һʼҽ̵ӻǣ㲻˽
ԳЦ£ҲҲʺΪʦˡ
ȻǴɱɱʺҡ
һֻͷ࣬յ㣬ѾǸϸʦҶ޳ḧķϸҡ
˳ᱡĴһӲĻȣҶµıûЩϧս飬ͱǿ
̧ͷ֮˵Ҳá


֪ùȥ֮󣬡ȵս֮ȥ鵺һɣ㲻˵ȥ𣿡Ҷ˵
ð

˭֪ڵİȾֻʱģǷ籩ǰƽ˭Ҳ֪籩ʱһݻ֮
ԣŻüƴŬĻ
˭Ҳֵ֪Ĵƻ˲ҵķʽ
⧲
÷ݳһϹżȻ֣ϹħʼƷӡƷϹħ棬÷ݳϰʳ븹һ·ȥ;λǽԻΪǣ֮˳Ϊյħ渹֮ʳ
޽硣
Ծ壬Ⱥ޻̿֡
ʮɳ۷ʿʮˣ׷½غħ棬㼣
ҲֻŲ
Ϲħʼ칲첻ħ治ʶϹʥҲֻܽʮħӡ޷䳹ɱ
Ϲźؾ䣬޽Ϊ۷壬ԲɽٷϽ硣
ħʼӡϹţعӰ죬Ϊɽ£۷塣
޽һˡڽܵϢ֮ɫصħ渴ȴ߳ɱΨʮ۷ʿ޽һˣ
סЩߣ޷


198 
۷ΪϹħʼ, ӦͬΪΪǰȥԸ, ޽ЩΪ߾ͷ·ʧһ, ˿, ʮ˵Ļ۷ΪʿǰȥΧƷӡĴΪŰĺħ档
͵Ϊ, ա
ԼԼԾ, ڵħ򣬻ħս, ѸЩʲôһ̫Ĳ²⡣
δΪߵļ, ԽʵĲ²⡣
Щòĵģֻðסµרעڵµ񡣺ħ, һֱħսŵľ档
Щԭſµħޣͷ·Ǽᵽĳζõ˷ܵź, ͻȻսԽ, Ѫɱս
ͬġҲԽԶԸ
ǰߵսת, , սʿƣս֮ħŰĻֲ̿ǰߵնȻѹ֣ͳ, š
ĵľаΪҽ޸ޣսԭԲ㣬һֱŶϺսʤϤ˵ʵ͹ȡѵսʽ
ǰߵħ޿񱩣ս͹֮ǰ֮ǰսʽͲԲȡúܴãν·硣
ΪȶģҲΪ˸˽񱩺ħ޵ս͹󷽵һսףսʿǰսɱС
սϡ
̫еһ֣˵ǰսϡ˫ɷš
һ˲޵
һΪħڣȻ󷨣Ѥõİ׹ʱɭâ֮ڡ
պ̫УսϾҵ㡣
𺳣η


һս䶯ʮ
ԭĻ̻̲ĵľڿ˾ųʦս޵еϣңɱħй϶ˣʱ´󶨣عƽ
˾ų˹ǿкοɾ壿
ħޣѪ֮ɱ
ڵľź󣬴ҶڵĵһŽǰսɵ󣬽Ȼ뷢ħ
һɱħɾսݡ
ϢһأӪضΪ֮𶯣֮Ǵϲ£ʤõĶļ


պ̫еײ£ԼҶĵһǿɴݵʤǰߵѸٵȶԭΪħĴΪľĲȣδͱ㱻ѹȥ
ʱֱ꣬ըˡ
Ӱ񱻴һպ̫սɱħ޵ӰһǴҶĵһŽɵ
ɣ²ѷ갡ƣֱ굴
̫е󷨣ɧλֵı£޽ԳԽ۷壡
ֻҪսôһվħ޵Ӷֻ׷ˣ˺ݻ˵ˣ
˵ˣҪȥǵľţ׷£


һȺƽһȵʿǣɷǵɾӣһȺպĻŮ
Դ˾ĻӪ֮󣬱¶ˣϢҲǵǷˮ̳ͼ֡һξΥǰߣҲ֪λսɱҲӰҹֱӴ
һϣ˲ȼ
ʿһλ֧Ŀ־壬տռͷĺˡ
ּպ󣬴ҶĵһŽɵӰ˴ϣȶȲ֮ǰյĲεӰ£ʿĻظͳһϾǣ˧
˧ǽ˧
˧һӵ飬ο˧ǿ
סҵ죬ҲҪ˧˧


պʹҶʦãʱ꣬һǰһһεĻ޽硣
Ƕ˵սԼɣȺ飬ƺԵĳ嵭ôһΪħŰĿ־Ͳ
Ǻ¡
ڣǺӶǰպʹҶ˵Ĳȣ䡣
ħ
Զԡ
ԭ˰Ƶɾ˵ģȺ˴̫ˣԸˣֱûۿˣϵ¾ΪУͲֱӸˡ
վðɣƤʵǾסôԴ
Ǻ֪ȴֹΪƵ̶ܹϵİģǺ¡
ˣֻ˵ʦӶҲ
ǺֱС˵ʦ˴


199 
ǺӵĻ΢, Ǻӿеʦָ޽պĴ, ˶, 粻, չ޲ɽٷ֮աҲֻСʱǺӴȥݼһ, Լʦû뵽, ʦȻἰʱ¾ȼ, Ī˼ܳĸо
֪ʦкѵʾǺӵ
ǺĿ⿴վĴҶʦǶ, ʱܹͻԪӤɾͻ񡣡
ʦΪͻȻտɫڲ졣
ǺӶ˶٣Ϊʦսչس, Ϊʦ·ϡ
Ŀ⿴գҲϤʦ塣

̶̼͸¶Ϣ޴, һʱ˼ӣԺͷ, ̽Եʵʦ˼ǲʲôҪȥ
㵹񡣡Ǻӿ˵һ, Ȼһ̸, ұô࣬ȰΪȥٲģ»֪ʱ򡣡
˵زҲֻϢ, ֪ʲʲô
룬תʵʦʱչأ
Ƕ˻ΪʦܰıչءպʹҶ˵ԽԽá

մļȣЩ΢־ΥʦϽѧϰĸо
Ǻ֮
պʹҶӪ⣬ʵʦ˵ʦô
ʦͻȻչسˡ
޽Ĵ߼ͷǺӱչسˣô͸ŹɹŹ֣ǺӵĴ㣬Զ˵ʱ
Ҷһۣصʦ˵öԡ

ǲĵ̫ࡣҶ˵ʦջҶٵһͻƻ񣬱˿ɱޡ
գ˭ޣ
˵ˣ˭˭»һأʱЦһеĲ²㶼֮Ժӿ˾ȥҪҶ绯


ˣպͷڻû˿ҪͻƵĸо
ԪӤͳû꣬սĥ꣬Ϊսͻͽ̶̼˱˼ĹѾȵԪӤΪǾ뻯񻹲Զ
ǸǳЩ
ǴҶԪӤͣ꣬ĥ꣬ͻƽˮɣֻһ


200 
ռԼٳδͻƽ׵ĸо, Ҳȥ, ʦأʹҶֻҪһͻƻܳŵʦžͺ, һİõķϵˡˮ, á
, ҲôʹҶ˵, ʦ֡ĳԴҶ˵ȫʦŵϣ, Ҫ͡
Ҷ
ռȲͻˣȫǰս, ǰսԽƵֹۡԺħƷӡ֮ǰսϵЩħޱ, սǲħޱȵģûħǰսһһǡղ²⣬ȺħսƱ۵, 񱩱֮һԻȡս
ʵ, ƱҪطֲ˺ħ, ﳤ̺ܶ໥ơЩճս, ̫С̡¡˸Сӣǰսϣʵսƶµսԡ
Сǰ˵ķʿӰ¼´, ÿһ£һʱַǳʿĦСǰսƵ׷Ҳ˲ټܽȺڵǻΰģҲıŪ˲øЧǰսԡ
һʱ䣬ս߰ǰʿǣȵսƺҲòôѹ֡
ŮţϳƺΪսŮӢˬս޲ʤÿһŮӡ˻ţսŮֹŮǿʤŮ񣡴һ˷׷ͬձ̳У֮ǰŮмһ䡣
ʤŮ
֪Լ˸Ůĳƺ֮󣺡
Īĸо߳ܣж
ǰ˵ķʱ޽ִجģ½׷ɱħĻСӣһħĽУˣҲش˺ħ棬ʱںħ޷
Ϣһأʱճơ
Ҳֻش˺ħ档ħӴܵ·УѪʳˡ
Ӫڡ
üͷҶһվ·ǺɫϷλ
ʦͽ˳Ĭԡ
λбһλɽɣջǵЦݣǳˮǸȴû뵽ڴˡ
̣ûס̧ͷǺӣʵʦΪβߣ
ⲻֹһɻɲֻ˭Ҳûϣֻ˽ԵﲻϣǰӿЩǿ޿ƥеĴأΪΣ֣
ʲôʲô
ѾôˣΪû˳ֹǸħ
лвΪ֪飬˺ܾã̲ס
Ǻ̧ƤĿĿ֪㻯Ϊʦ
ڲ֪ʱ򡣡Ĳ顣
˴
񡭡
ǰף
ܻ񡪡
ԣӦ
յȻĿᶨǵģӦûǣΪ̫ˣڴ˽ΪߵϹħǰԪӤֱϣ֪ʸûС
ΪԼʱԶʱ޷ͻƻȻľ;ԼУи¡ֳĹ
ҸøӴ󵨵ǣ
¶ʱһǰδеͳ嶯ӿȫҪǿԴС
ŵ̧ͷĿֱϷǺӣ֣˵ġ
ǺӿЦˣ˵ġ

պʹҶӪʡ
ġҶ˰ķ֪ģһ㡣
̧ͷһЦɲһ
˵Ҹ㡣ƻЦ۵׵ҰľȼյĻ棬ȹΡ
ҶҲЦ£ΪĿԴ

ǰһ磬ܾ̫С̡¡ӣѡһսһһǰ
һϮȾѪ溮â˸ٶܵĴսϣħȺУͷ䣬һһѪӳӣ¾ո
ûѲ⡣
һδεĳսһδεնɱħޣ𽥵Ļġ䡱սıܺɱ¾ʶա
ٵĻþҲʵļ䡣
ǰսȥңԶʱеսص
ʼδ䣬еĽδ֡


ӣ迼Ϻʹֹֻۣһ˻Ϊɱ¾齣޵գǿÿ¡
ΪųͶӳգɿȣǿ˸еŷͰȫ
ֳŽɱ¾գȴǿ˾η
壬Ҿη
ͬģһĿɿ
ֻҪǰıӰ׷ĽŲη塣
ʤսϵŮ
̫ˡ
һնǰħ޵ͷ­ѪߣȾأ׵¶˪Цգ̫δɱУҶǸޡ
̽£һɱһ˵Ľޡ
Ϊ¶ѡһɱ⣬ĥƽԲǣ龫ǣıΪ˲ִɱ¾
ʱգ¹Ժʱɽ̫þгʥԣɱǶ⡢⣬ɱ¾й񣬶Ϊ˱ػ
ֱɱй
ǲɱ¾ػ


201 
ħ
ɲ, һϮڵ׽ƳۺڷĿޱĶڵ, һ˫ʺķ·ҪγѪضǰڰе龵ֵĻ档
ǾкȻճֽս, նħ, ι, ӰΡ
ϰѪɺ, ȴħη塣
ħĿĶȴǹ, ¶һĨѪȵЦǡ

ԭģ
صڿտŵħ۹, ԽԵùܿ¡
龳սϳֽնɱħ޵ıŮޣ𽥵еǸϹʱħη嵨Ůص˺϶Ϊһ, ʵͬ￴Ĳм䣬˲ҡ̡
Ȼ, ˼еһħЮŮسǵĳʥ, Ůԥİγһ, , ̴Цݡ
ʱһѪʺѪĿڲϵϪ
԰ױЦ, ȴͬĻ䣬ǵǰʢ޼˵ĵ
ħۣϹʱħӣ뵽
ָ̼ǵõʱյ¶ȣʱһƵλĭ
ڵãӰеӰħȥߺ죬ɽѪ֮ˡ
Ѫ䣬ħ֮Ѫб֮ˡ
ħη壬ޣ䣬ͬҲħԴȪһеĺڰ񡢸桢Ӱħںɡ
Ϲʱħη塢ޡ̲࣬صǶħϵͿֻҪǱɵõǹӴǡڱӡֵ˵ħʼ棬ģ޷ֵջ

ǣӪ
ǳ׷ŷԼΪͷħÿս˵÷һɱˣӪŵޣɪɪ˶סʺСᡣ
ѹ޽һڶս¶ͳƸսսʱһԾǶΪսһһ޵ް񣬸ŵȻǰʮ
֪Ϣ֮գ
ȺŮ޵ô£
֮ܶˣŮ˧ûʲô顣
ʱ֣ѪžþɢѪɱ¾ζսϣͬǷħ֮أѪƬϿգŲζҴΪȥսʬ
ɫ䣬ŽֵʹĿ⿴ԶͬȾѪϦɫƽĿ¡
ս֮ϣһİ
ͬǾֹĵһ㣬ŽվѪɺԴݲһ
紵ķ˿ķ˿Ǽ⣬Ʋȥ޴ڵѪ
֪ȥ֮󡪡
յضˣǱ˵ĻҰ㣬˲˲ľһ㣬һĻȡ
֮ʣǰԶһڹͬĵ⣬Х˿
˼շķ˿
ŽһĿ⿴Բϵķ˿Ƿһ룬ǱľͲֹͷˡ
վӣ˱ͦĿȻǰֵһϮīºڷòӢͦаħȵӣһһ䣬г֣ħ档
һ˲䣬š
ͣ˰㣬սеһ˲ס˶ǵ˲þֲ԰ףͻȻսϵīºڷаħӣǱס㣬˿
ͬ¿ֲʡ
ħ棡
ô
ԺħƷӡ޽Ĵ¼㲻ڶΪ˽۷ûе̶ֲ֣̿ɱʳǳذգ޽Ŀֲ;¡
˵ħ汻ˣܲô
ҲģɫޱĿĶǰͻȻֵĺħ棬˵ôˣ
ܵʿǣ
˲侪֣ҪҪôܰ
ɱħй϶ˣײǿֲħʼҲոܲ
Ǵģǲ˾Ǹɣ
һĺħȴδЦĿһ˫۾Ϊ
ȴΪֻЦһȻɫ䣬
һ͸
ħǺƢЦ˵㵨ӵͦ󡣡
ȥͦӡ
ܲ
ոоڿ񣬾ͷ·ڿýߵؼһΪýʽۣ֭رóԡ
ںħһ̲ˡ
񣬺ε̰ʹѣ޲ͽ̳븹
ʶ㣬¶ʱħ浱Ϊ
գͻ


202 
ü޵Σݲն, ˶񵱼, ȫһسǣŤͷܵʿǺȵ, ɴﲻ, ֺ˾, ȥ
սܵʿĿ, ϵɫԥȴᶨȻɫ, ҧҧתسǣʵҲֻۣʵ, ΪƵǲò˻سȥ
ħЦĿЩسǵʿδٶ, ЩȻ󲹵ζΪҪǰĿΪ
ֻգۼ, սϱգֻպͺħˡ
ټս, ʬѪ, ħʱ, ɳյƮ˿սΨˣš


˶س, ˿벻ɸ̧Ŀֱǰħ棬ɫη޾壬ڷŶ̶˲Ѿжϣؾһ֣ϣ
ҪһֵĻǾڣ
ħΪ˽Ϊ۷壬ȫĶ֣ǰ޻֮ͬӤս֮٣Բ䡣
ѡڣʱ䣬ȴԮ
ʦһܵģǳǺ⣬кüλҪǸȡʱ䡣ʤĻж󣬾ͿӶʱˡ
ȥû˿Ļң侲Ŀǰħ棬ɿ佱ӲҲս
ħЦܺãϣһᵨҲ󣬱޳
ģҸ˭ģʵ
֪ħ濴Цʵ
롣պԥ˵Ŀô𣿡
ħ涢͸Ц£ô֪
治ɫ˵׻ҲҪĿ֪˵ѵȻ𣿡
ħЦΪãôסְɣ
ħλħۣղɫթʵ֪ħħλ֪λǺˣֻ˵Ĳ²ѡ
ţҹթһթ
ħĻ˵Ǹְˡ
һʵħǺιϵ
ԣħʱĿ⾪쿴㵹֪ͦࡣ
ʶʲôҲǡ˼һѪùŹ֣ų˲Ϊ֪ľ
գ
ϹŻ֣֪Ļ治٣ʶ㡣
ջ̽׻ħȴǲͷĴˣ˷ʱˡ
ô˷ʱأշ༥㶼Ҫҵˣһǰ˵ĺ𣿡
ħĿⶢ̵㵽ǺʢҪʱ䣿
Щħ޽ʮλĻĶ½׷ɱ³˲ٿͷ粻һʼƷӡ߰ԴĿ³ΨҶϹħʼ档
òϣʱѾˣⲻħΪΪȮϹʱʮħʼ汻Ϲʥַӡħ屻磬⡣
ٲʣҲҪħʱѹȥ
ԣһնӲмʼռݴ½塣Ҳ޼ɵǶ˷ֽ˵صأرأפϲصƣҲ֪˵ûвʲôɱ
ħսپϽ°ߵĺãϻδݲðա
ħ治ٺշϻֱ֣̽ǰץȥҪˣôкãؼ䣬αͽ͡
ģ
ռһԲϾͶˣתۼ䷭飬°һ˵תܡ

ЩҲ˵ڲħ棬׻õģ˭Ը
ϵ㻹֪´أ
ܣħ濴յľٶЦͽͰˣ
ٶٿ죬ҲΪħΪ̫󣬺ħһڹ⻯Ϊǰе·һֻɫƾոͷգֱֱѹ£̩ɽѹסȫ޷գɫȻ䣬ã
ֵֹıҳˣҪνķ𣿡ħ̾˿΢ǸͷյĺɫƱ£ɫɫ԰׿¡
ۿվҪħУһȻԶ˲кɫơ
áþˣ
ոоͷһɣŽסĿǿϢʧָɵתͷȥֻԶ
һϮѸˬݺֽգӢüĿ䶢Զħ棬۵ɱᡣ
ճݺĿɱȥü΢Цա
һ
ˡ
һħƵĺħ棬ͻȻֵݺɫ΢ݺĿ˴ͻɣƾճֵŮǺȻܹһħƣ
Ҳûж룬ֻ˽ֳʲô˵ϾšӢššţϹʱЩÿΣӢħ˲ٿͷ
Щӵֵħ̤壬ͳ˽ˣħº޺
ǺˣħĿⶢǰݺɫƣҪΪ𣿲
ݺЦζô죬ӡ꣬ҲͿҶϲ

ħȻ󾪣Ŀ⾪ɲѵ
ǡ
ĳ˼ŵĲ²⸡Ժܰɣôܣ
ԺﲻϵڽŲܣΥ飬Ǿġ
ǣħԽԽһˡ
֮󣬺ħ侲
ܵ鷢ˣָ򶨣ĿĿǰݺķ·ô
⽣棬ݣ


203 
ֵ⽣ü, ǰɫħЦ, ôֻ⣿
ʲôʱħԵˣ
ħһѪס, , ĵһǱӡ½, ѵҲ
, ѵ𣿡һϮˬӢźħЦ˵
ģҿĸƨ
ħƷӡʱ, ˣԾȥ, Ⱥ϶ԩŵҲϽˣ½, ưԣ
ûȺΧ׷ɱ˸ͷò˴ٸʳëû, ·ɱ̵⽣档
겻²˳
ħ, ˢ˲īһĿ, 䲻֪õĺַʽ, Ͻ֮˲׼½֮£ѾϽɳʥ⽣ѵҪΥع𣿡
عһħɡʥԶؽϽ򡣡⽣ݵ, Ϊħ棬ԵǰϽ硣
ڴ˽ƻعΥ֮йڴˡ
ƨ
ħдŭɫճ鶯ɼŭףЦһΪڴ˽磬˭ѵ㲻
ʣ治ɫһȡ
ȡĺħۿɼҪըˡ
һĹϾ˵գ
ˣҵʦ
ͽŲһĺħ۾ˣһҪѪģ
ǰô֪СõƤôǸӣɰСյЩ΢ܸоƺʲô
ʱǰ㣬عͷﴽһЦЦᡣ
գ
΢ˣ
ݼ仰Ļʢĺħ棬Ϊϸ磬ŭΣ
ҲϻֱԵ㣡
ħ档
Ͻ罣ô£ھǴˣ
ȻǺô£ǺħҲǸƢҲÿҴ𲻴Ӧħ浱Ҳŭ𣬲ٷϻֱӼ̳Եһǰȥ
ռڽ˹˫źݻǰ࣬һԲϿľأʮߣⱻ
ɴ۾ǰ˽սһϹŽɣһħʼ棬˽սǿԽʱǿգһεĲֵ漣
ħİԵͬһ㣬ſ񲻿һͨڵԵÿһλӵŵգԵ󿪴ϣշ
ƣˣ۾ǰݡ
ɫ侲򶨣Ŀһϸһ۾ͶϣȻ⿴ȥ۵ϸὣ˺ħſԵڵİԵҽ֮˻ȥ
ɲӰһǧ򽣣򽣡
һǧ
â裬޴ڡ
ﬣϣϣ
Ӱס⣬鵶⣡
ݵĽ÷·ʱ䶼ͣ٣նϣҲãħҲãնϣ
ϣﬣﬣϣ


ħڣħԵʴ꣬ȴղ⽣ǧӰ
·磬ǰ֮ƿɼ


һĿսգһʼĵһֵĳʪ𽥵ٵ׷ģֻĿźħ汻ݱһ١
գģ
ñвңҵ⣡
ħۼԼݵ֣ҲʼЩˣٴȥҲӮ缰ʱֻܱס桭
ѸٵϵĶҲʼڱأսˣ⽣棬ĶԹǰ飬ұӡ½粻ɣĶԹҲѻΪ̣α׷ҧҲţħͼݽ
֪ϵĽҲˣ˭ĺЩ֥ùӵ£ͷ˵
ħԶʱһһ㱻ݵһղ
Ϊ׷Ҵ򲻷ţħŭʵ۾ϹʱЩԹûɣ
Цһ㶢ҵˣҵ˵⣬ûң
ħ棺
ˣ˭
ͷʺŵĺħ棬һ±ɻı鿴
һƺ˼գ
е㡢е㲻˼أ
ȿȿȡԾбҪúħ׵˼ǰҵĴڣ룬ʦ˵áӦҡ
ԣħתͷĿⶢ㣿
Ӧã
˽һЦзŶսħʱأŵ㣬СӦȥ
յ˵㡣
ħ棺
ˡ
ľˡ
Ŀ⽣ն֮ƶɲţǻȻ򣬡ԭˣԭѹ֣
ȻѾͷһħѪ˵ͨˣȻ˼ȴǲܣɳɵ·;ж˻Եˡ
ϣħϣȻСˣұٴ⡣
ȻʹģôһǰܿܳԣѼۿŷˣǱŭ⽣ѲŮ˵ĺò
ӡ֮øƷӡĺħ棬粻ǵǸ޷ηħʼ棬Ҳʼѧ˴ģˣ
ϵĺħ˿ĿݵЦ۰Ͱ½磬òΪСɣ
û˵ֻĿЦ
ɣı飬ħŵӣȺɼֱǷӣ
ȻΪɣð½硣
ǰħڵħʼǣ;ȺϹȫǷӣΪһЩļֺ롢£ƴಫֻҪһЩûҪļ֣ͿԹøãͲôʹࡣ
ǣȴԸЩĥǵʹͼȥΪν֣Ϊ¶֮ڶ⡣
ħתͷԱվգˡ
֪ҶͼıĿȴŲæ侲ĳıǳסңսϵ뿪֮󻹾ʱ䣬ȡʱ䡭
֪ν
ħ˵Щˣ
̧Ŀ⿴ǰݣָһʼĴ֮ˣˣҴӦ㲻ᶯô֮޹ϸ𡣡
ƲϵζҪ̫ԣ⽣治ȥɣ
ռ״ʶЩʲô˵˵Ͳ᣿ʦڣ㵱Ȼңһʦûڣ˭֪᲻ᰵ֣
ħŤͷ㵨Ӻܴ
ǡ
պЦͦţʦأҵӵȻ󡣡
ٻƣҪ̫
ħ氵ĥСѾͷƬӣǺܻ˳ҵЩ㷽սսµģˡʵ˵
ն˵ŤͷԵݵʦвң
Ž̧𣬶ǰħ棬ҵ棬вҵˣ
ĵӺܴ
ħ棺
ģ
һѪʺԹŮŮ
޳ܣ
˵
Ци˸ͣѧġ
вˣ


204 
ħ汻һ仰ɫ˲, °ŭ, ޲ýСѾͷƬӸʬ, ĥ, , ʲôҲҲҸɡҪҶСѾͷ, ݾӲ
ֻŭΣ
ӱ, ʮ겻շ
δ˵һԵ⽣ݿ, һ͵Ŀգտǵȫ
ȻתͷźħЦеΪԷһԻ֮, ڲ׼֡
ԶʱĿ⿴ע⵽˵ǲ׼֣ǽֻ˿, ԺħƷӡһֱǵķ£ڲõĺħ֡
˵, ʦ½ҪɣŲΪʲô˽أµֱ׳, һ¾͸оˣ
ҲӦأħĿ䶢ǰݡ
Ц, 죬Ȼ޷ɱ㣬ķǡ֪У㲻֪ġ

ħһԲ, Ŀ䶢вң
ǵģûݴ󷽷ϵ
ħɫ˲£⽣Ϲʱ˾ηɵĽɣȥľɲ⣬ӡ½꣬涷Ӯ治˵ħʼ治𣬵˵ɱȴ취Ը
ǰȺϹʥǣһܷӡħѿͬʱµļɵҲ


ħɫ粻֮ϣѣҵȵס
𺣬ݣҴӦ㣡Ի֮ģڲ嶯֡
Υԣع鱾ԴΪޡ
ߡ
˵գħתԶȥ
ݲδֹĿ뿪
Ⱥħ뿪֮󣬱ֻʣպݶˣտǰݣؽһֵĳʪ
ʦǻȥ𣿡ð죬ôһ䡣
ԣЦһպαҼ⣬е裬㻹ͬǰһ㣬ƺΪʦˡ
ʦ㡣մ
Ľɫʱһ֮üۣʦá

֮С˵㲻˱֣
㡣Ц˵ձ˵ȷСʦá
һû׹е˼ƣĿɻ
Сʦã
Сʦ֮˵Ѳģ
볤ʥйһζݵʦͽ꣬ǳʥ˵ŮⷽϵĻʦŮȻСʦˡ²飬ֻЦûлشɻ
ùǰɰݿЦе˵
ǣҶǡ̾˿ֻҪ

ֻ΢Щȣǵһֱ׵ı˿أʦð̡
ʦ㣬أҪҾѰҡ룬ֵȥʦҲǿԵģʦҵʱʹңܶԶҶȥ㡣
ݱ󵨵ķԸһĿ֮Ц㻹ǺҼеһģһ
ǶƾճֵļҲ˱ԽУЩһ㵭ҲԽ̹ǣָһ͸ˮݣеĸҡ롢ңԶʧ
վǰˣ֪Ǹˡ
ѡȻǶԵáҺһһܡ
ʲô
գҺʲô˵飿
ûʲôݶЦ˵ֻǾü㲻С
ԳĬ
ݿЦ㷢˶԰ɣҲٴ˽̫ͣá
Ͻ񲻿½磬ӣһԪӤ½硣˵ħһսһָ˴۷ΪϱǷ

㣬ںħ뿪֮侲Ҳ𽥵Ļعζˡ
ݻΪݺʱһֱԪӤΪǷŶսħʱȴǴ۷壬ǰֻΪҲαΪ
Ҳơ
Ϊܹͣڴ˽Ĵۣơ
ݵĻҲ֤ʵ㣬ŴüĿĬգ΢̾˿ִȡһĵ֦СĽǰյķУΪطꡣ
Ͻ㣬˵ҡĿעôһֱһֱ㡣
Ͻÿһ죬㡣
㡣


ǺܾǰСս˵ĻǺ޾˼
ݶ˵˵Сδ˵Ļ
룬˼ԭӵġ
İ
˼һ˵У֦ͷ÷ɬɬȴ𡣾һʱĳ޾˼һ÷ƣʴˡ
ܹ㣬̫ˡ
š
Ҳǡ
ܹǣ̫ˡ
ֱǣ漣һ
룬ǲ˼漣һطꡣ
ǣˡ
޷ټˣطˡ
ͷ·ǣΪ˽յطꡣ
Ϊ˽ټ
룬ͺȻá
******
ջȥӪأһصӪأͱǰ󲽸ˮüĿĴҶһѱס˶ӵ뻳С
˫ӵرסӵǽҪĻһ㡣
£ڷԥ£Ȼֻסʦ֡


205 
ʦ, û¡
ǰסĴҶ˵Ĳϸ, , оա
ӽ˵ҲǺһ
ҶһԲ, ʹ, еڲ, һֱֻۻסյסһְֻԴ, ѹĻ
˱ѹճһ, ձ, ʲôҲû˵
˾վţ˭Ҳû˵
֮
Ҷɿ, ſ, ̧һ˫ڵĪ, ա
Ҵչس񡣡˵
һ£ȻܿķӦЦţʦּͣ
ٿȥʱҶѾָƽ, ˿쳣ͷ·𷽲ŵʧֻ̬Ļþһ㡣
ǣ֪, ǵġ
ƽ쳣ʲôıˡ
Ҷϣĳ֪ı仯Ϊա
ĸо
Ȼȴ޷ʲô
Լ֪Ҷʲôȴ޷Դʲô޷ڿο
Ϊÿ˶ؽܹ
ΪС

ܿģҶͽеƽĸ֣ɸųݴְ񡣽֮ǺӴǱ𣬷űչس
ǺĻ֮ʲôҲû˵׼
ڴҶʽ뿪Ӫ죬ڳսûȥͱҶûҪ


󣬴Ҷͻƽ׻
ջ֮ļ¼Ϊ޽Ļֻһʱ乮Ϊ뿪󣬷˷ǾӪ
ҶǺһͬصǵģͻƻ֮Ǻӱжͳ˧֮λչسˣĽΡ
֪ϢյȺӪ⣬ԶԶؿһϮɫ۵ĴҶ㾪ϲеʦ֣
Ҷ̧ԽѱĿɫա
ʦֹϲ
մŴҶϢΪԽɲ⣬֪αչͻƵĺܳɹ̲ס˵
Ҷû˵ĿⶨĿͷ·Ҫ⼸ĸһ㡣
ԵһϮڵ۵ļ״ɿڴȤʦֶֻʦ֣ôһ˱˸ס
վǲſһ㣬ĿƤ治ɫʦƷǳ̺ӣ
ֻʦδһʱԽƱ
Ҷ˵ԽʱĿ⿴һۡ
ȴǵһμ޳ܰ㣬ҡͷʧЦ겻ʦֶɿĲֹΪƤ
ʦˡƤĳǽںյ˵
ģӮˡ
֮󣬡ʦھںǣɡ˵
һ˱ǰʼǺӡ
ǺӿҶĵһۣҲǴϢΪϢƽȾȹ̣ͷ˵ˣΪʦˡ
Ҷ΢˵˾䣬ӲФʦˡ
ǺӿۣתƻһԵĵʦܣͷˡ
ʦˣ֮𡣡ĵ˿ǺӺ·վŵĴҶնˣЦ˵ʦʦͽҲδұ㲻ۣи˴ҲιӪء
Ǻûƾĺ⣬˸ĳȥˣڱֻʣաҶǺʦͽˡ
ҶѻЩʱˡǺӿڵ
һֱҪдˡ
վԵĴҶҲ̧ǰǺӡ
˴սϹŴǳ𡣡Ǻһڱǲ˵ĴϣϹʥƽħʮʼӡħ壬֮⡣
Ϊ˽簲ȫħȺʥֲǳ˴˽ͨԴ֮ħ̫ƽȡ
ȻȥϹʥֲµ϶ħͨ϶ǱħħоӪǧ꣬²СӴ
ħħħ壬Ǵ˴ħսԵ𡣡
ǺĿ⿴·Ҷգ˵ǲһֱ޽ĴԵβǳڣΪ޸󡣡
һ󳹵ƻͨ򿪣ħʱͿ֮̿ǰֻݣػ
޸أ֮ħĴսˡᡱ
һֱյͲ˲õ˽ԭˣͬʱֹȻˣ²⡣ֻΪû֤Գٳ޷½۶ѣǺӵĻʵĲ²⡣
Ȼˣ˽粻ٰȫ
⻢ħü޵ΣЩײнƻħ壬ǰսȺûֻ֪ɱ¾ħҪöԸĶࡣ
ҲΪĴڣΪ˽Ĵ󣬲ħ޷ͻϴٽ˽硣

Ҳ˽޴ߣ޷ԿƷӡϹħ档
뵽յüͷ㲻ɵؽ𣬺ħزΨһһƷӡħʼ棬ıӡ޽ħʼ滹оŸ
˶٣ǺӿպʹҶ˿ע˴˴ħսֻܽǡ
˵գ̾˿Ϊʦڱչسˣһ״Ҳǰ޸󡣡
ɫأеĸȻеλάִԴԴϵģҲҪǺӼͻƴǰȥ֧Ԯˡ
ҪΪѡ
Ϊʦ뿪֮󣬽ʦñ㽻ˡǺӿŴҶպ󣬱֧Ż
Ҷɫ֣أӲʧģ
еֽȼžĻ棬
ϵľͼᶨǺοתͷֶ˵㣬Ϊʦ뿪֮㷲¶ʦ
£ʲôһ㣬һͷ۵ı飬ʣǸϽΪǲԺˡҲܡ
ǺԼȼ֮Ѿͷȥ˰¹Ժ˰¹ԺɽۣϰٰӰⱣܡתһ룬Ҫǵȥ˰¹ԺҲµ鷳
һʱ䣬ǺҲ֪˵ʲôʲôǹˡ
գ
Ŭ
ֻô˵
ǺȻǼΪģ֮󣬲ŷ뿪
˾֮
ճһһþ˵ģ
ʦҲǵ㡣Ҷ״˵
֪˵
̾˿ܾˡ
ƺԴħս֮û¡
ˣ˵ʦȾưɣף㻯񣡡˵ȻкҶȾȥˡ


Ǻڽƽ֮жͳ˧ְ𷵻űչسˡ
Ҷػصһţʿ
ΪǺǰĶԼü޵ĽΣУսŵȫ˸̣׵˸˦ƹǰսˣɱС
ɱأٲȻһҪɱ֤ģ
ɱϵ֣һ㵭Ѫ⣬ɻ꣬ɱ֮ħ
һ
սɱѪɫһսͻƣͻƻ񣬶ɽʱɱ¾̫أž١
ʱ밵漴޾ѪɫɫȾѪ׽پ춯أޱѪɲ
ɲŮòˣɱ¾
Ѫޱߣ١


գɲŮ
Ůȱɲɱ¾


206 
ͻƻ֮, Ҷڵ˶˿˵Ļϴ, 򲻹Ҳɡй, ħǿҵûпҲû, ʱҲ˶ߡ
Ҳռڻԭ֮һ, Ҫħʼ, ؿɲеڶ⽣ȳˡ
ˣ˲оأ

Ӫڡ
ҶҪ, ħʵ, սʿϰ֮ս, ǰʿ£ȥ֡˵, Ȼתͷ, ҽƲ, ³ʮҽǰȥš
Ҷϱ˲˳ǰ׼ȱٵԱ취ֲ


պʹҶһһӦ£Ĳˣʦ, ӡ֮ص顭ô˵Ŀ⿴ʵ
ԣüͷ, ûػ
νķӡָ֮Ϲħʼķӡ֮أϹʮħʼ棬񱻿ڣĺӧħ桢Ʒӡħ֮⣬лаλħ档
ΪֹǰħƷӡ޽޷Ϳ̿ĲҰٴη⼸޽һֱ̽°˴ħӡ֮ڣǲˣһӡ֮Ҳǰ
ڣ޽ڷӡ֮صĴ÷ΪɡһΪӦýӡ֮ؼΪ˷ֹٳֺħƷӡʱǳصʳĲҾ磬ӦΧǳصǨơ
һΪӦݾߣӦýӡ֮صĴһάԭ˼ܷӡ֮صĶ
ִ£ڷӡ֮صĴûδ¡
պʹҶѾ񣬹ʸ֪Щ޽飬ǻδܹ˵ʸǳ˵ֻԱŵķݡ
ԣ¹зӡ֮ص飬Ҳֻѯġ
ü˼죬˵ӡ֮¹شһʱоϡ
ףǻûһڻִڡ룬ȻίıԼ죬û뱯֡
ֽ֧ӡ֮ظΧǳǨɡ
ҡͷû򵥡
Ǩ˿ȥ򵥣ʵʲȴ漰Ķ࣬ȱӴһȺ˿ǨƣǨδǨ֮ΰǸ⡣ĸպʹҶϸϸߣ˴ģ󶯾Ǩ˿ڣۣʱָζ˵ʵʵƱҪ޽ֻţĲȡ
ǲ˵ʵָκĽͣЩȣݾħעⶼС¡
󣬶ʱƿԡ
Ȱڡգܽ˾䡣
Ƿӡ֮ΧЩǳصأƵĿⶢ
޽ʦҹӼоԭϹŷʹʹ󡣡˵̧üĿ侲գʱΪ֣ⲻҪֻǽһ𺦽͡

ֻһǷ죬һ˲䴫ȫ
巢ͷۡ
ָκˣǱҪңȻ䵭ǵյĶС


ֱ߳⣬ɵĿʱղžûԵ֪
޽ȺʦûûҹоԭϹŷʹ󣬿ԵֵʿϹŴ󣬺Ϳһδǳ˿ڵĴʹ󡣡ԵĴҶ黹ûеĵز
תͷĿ⿴Բ԰ûѪɫǿ¶˿Ц֪
ǣЩʦûмʱоԭϹŷʹأ
ʱ
Ľˣ˭Ҳ޷֤᲻ᷢ
˵޽ĴҶŬĽҲǽЩǳء˿ڰλϡ
Ϊ˴֣ΪάȣΪ˸˵桭
նԴ޷˵һ䷴ĻȷģˣԼǶ˸ȴʼ޷һ
ʦ֡
֮һᶯҡ𣿡
㶯ҡ𣿡
شǣǰһĺڰ
Ҷס۾סҲȥɫҪ롣һĳȿɿҪ룬Һʦ𡣡

֮󣬡㻹˽ᳰЦҲԣԱ˽Ҳһ
˴ҶǾ仰˼ԲŻᷢ˸п
ü
ΪĲԼˣΪҪػĶԲܹ˵ԡ
ϣôһҪԸһȥػĴڡҶȵͳ˵
νһСҲڡ
֮ܲΪˡ
иҪֵػĴڡ

յ֪޽ʦɹоԭ˿ԵֵһӹϹŷ󣬺Ϳһڴ˿ڵĴʹʱѾһˡ
ҵһڣûеڶħʼƷӡ
˴Ĵڣڷӡ֮صĴñ㶨ɻʱ̼طӡ֮صĶһа
һӡ֮춯޽ܹӦԣʧѹ͡
˵ڣĺӧħأû߼ʶһµ뷨𣿡˼˵
ŷӡļڣķӡѾסӧħ棬ӧħŬôһ£ʱƷӡôȥˣҲûӧħŬļ
Ļͷеĳ˳ǣ̧ͷۣһѾı飬ڣλÿպóԺúȵĹֵĺܡ
˵ڰˣ˲۶޿ڡ
ÿնԲ͵ʳҪĶ࣬ұԹٲ֮⣬춯
ڣϾǸӡӰΧУֱӰڣΧٶȱʱźŲãߵӧħΪ˱ԹΣÿԹһξ͸ÿʿǵսľΪöƷӡܳȥΪ˼䡣
Ϊˣ޽粻òīʿӧ浥䴫ߣ١
֪죬ĵӧħǰϳVIPûⳡͻħսĻô칤ʦҪƳļƻֵԱС٣ϾôĻǷǮأҪص㱾
㵱ƺƭӧħʱǲԴһ۶޿ڵıʵ
ʲôأ˵ӲģҪӺҲᱻҸƭ˲ǣ
˾úеұʾϣӲõħʼ
ҪÿӧħôƭǾͲõôˡ
һ㣬ձʾͬ
鱨֮ת˻ȥ
ջصľʲãпصʿǰ棬ͷվʶǰݼ
ԣնʱ棬ߺˣ
վʶ˭أ
Գ½һλޡ


207 
½Ľޣ
ԺѸٵĹһ, ʶĸ½Ľ޾ʶ˰Ҳû˭
նʿ˵
ǣ
Ƭ֮һλɫ꽣޴˽
ʱ, һ, ʱۡһ, ˡ
Բ۾, һֻܾèһ, ǰ߽½ޣǻɻҲʶǲ, ǲϹŴ˵֮һϽĽʥ½տ
ڰ¹Ժ̫þ, պ͡ʥ½տŲԨԴ
ʥ½տô
ô
һ˲, ֻˣô½ޣҪ, ȫ¾ûˡ
յĹӦ, վ·½տҪԵƽ, ɫһ˿ֻĿºʹŵЦ⣬ƺǱⷴӦˡ
յĿƳҵĽڿŵԳ¾ɵĽʱ£ǽɫĽмԺԵİ, ǸɺԵѪɫ
ʱоԼǱèצӹһмĸдһȥ˼ʲô, ȴҲиܿ侲
ڿ֮ԭŽƻֲ̿һ¾ͰԼ쳣侲ʵ½𣿡
½տº˵Сǰ½ʦġ
½еʾֱӳƺ֪½ǰкָ̣
ʱħӡ᧿ΣѾϽʥ½磬ղò롣
˵֮ǰ⽣ҲͻȻ½硭
ȻʦΪ˶Ըħʼ½ҵİɣ˼
½տеĿ΢΢üɫչº͵˼ˣô˻һ
ĩˣյ㲻ض롣
ÿɷ񣬹ˣʥ½տˣ½ĹˣܲΪɣô붼ܣ顣
Ȼô˵ˣҲôˣ½ʵĿʲôΪʥ˵½տζ˺壬㹻ˡ
½տϵɫ֪δţҲûйĽͣϲʵ˵ȷһҪͷСա½տĿ⺬ЦգھӪСոҰŸʱݡ
ա
ôǶϲھӪ֮ǰʦҲǡһ¾͸еͷֻۣҪһ뵽ԼƤôһλУ;ʮֻ֣̿ܳĸо
Ѳ鹤ҵļӸС
ΰλУһȦҲûʵķ̽Ե½տ½ʲô뷨𣿡
ֻҪ֣Ҷ˼ҡҲŬȥ㣬Ͼڡ
ʵڡ
½տͷ·ڵ仰㣬һ㴽ǺЦƺȱһλʦ
룬ʤΡ

գҲȱ
½տЦᶨݷĿ⣬ȴ˵ȱ
аɣûڵľֻùԹӦˣʦͽʦ
ĿǰȻǷЦη꣬ʼնºͰݵģŵЦ⣬ǲԶһ㡣
½ƺ˺ܶࡣղɵ˵ӡǸĬԵˣվǰ½տҪԵºʹݣһ֮µĴƽ
һͷ˪ֻĿᡣ
ǷĽ˽С
½տƺЩ˵Ǹ͵ֻһж̶̵һ˲ѣʱңңڵңԲһ
ʥ˵һΪλǣദǼʮ겻ԶеĶ̶һ˲ʶ֪ǸˡҲֻǹеһƬ
㣬¶ʱȻʧмʧ䡣
ֻһ˲ȴʱ½տֵǳɫ
͵̧涮
˵
ʥ𣬹ȻǱ˺ܶأꡣ
վе㿪ˡ


Ӫһλʦÿ˱ʥָ̣Ź򣩵ӡ
Ǻϡһ飬޽綥һŽޣЩսɱɱһɱɷˣѰмܡһĽޣ߲˼غϡǴҶգռˣɱ̫ˡ
۽磬޽ѷ֡ЩʵʵսƴɱģѪ˺ۻġ
ǿóգȴڽϱһţԳ½޵ƽƽ棨޸ɴˣȫѹơ
½ս޻ĽʦϢȥӪһ˵ȵ۾˷׷ۣ治ѣʲô²ⶼˡ
Ӫ𵴡
ϻ˲²½սʵݵͣͽӵöﵽ˰ʯ
Ҷһպ½տĽָΣ֮ʵ½һλɣ
ġ˵
տһۣͷĲ²⣬š
Ҷ֪ʲôҲδ˵ֻǳĬվһԿǶ˶սд衣
ȵһˣ˽ѲӰ֪ʲôʱϢ뿪ˡ
յ׻ǾģȵӪһǿܹɱڵĦĽ½鴫ĵĶʱѾһº顣
ĺ֪Ӫôһλֹأ֪ĵϸֻ֪ǿǿ죬Ѿǳ֮ջǿ
ЩӪ֮ʶ˲ԾǿĽޣ֮֮ôǿĽ޽ӦǣᵽڲͻȻ֣ͷ·ǣƾðһ㡣
챻ûģΪ߳ӪʣǰȥѰգʸ
˵߾ŵפأץ˸ʿʵںδ
½䳡д轣
Ϣ֮ıת䳡ȥ
ĵ䳡ʱѾ½տλĽ޽սֻд裬໥أȴƾˣѹȣ
Թ޲佣ѹơ
һԲվԲ࣬ĬΧսд裬Ŀǰ䳡ڵĶˣ︡һǴȥԺ䶯µŵĲ²⡣
Ȼţǻĵģ˵ᱻ˶ȻΪܵĲ²⣬ǲǺ޸ݡʷǰĵ飬ڲǰǰշλݺʵΪϹŷʥʦŮޡ
ʷǰᷢڶ
Ĳɵ˾ɲĿⶢǰ䳡ԽǸˣǸ꣬Ľĵơ
Խ϶µĲ²⡣
ȵ䳡ս˺½տÿһ֮˽̨һޱмִľվһǴ̫ԳǱľͷ̿
ʦ壬ʦˡǰе
Żعһץס֣ߵһԣСֽʵǲǣǲ½½½½
½˰죬û½Ȼ
˶żⶼʲôŶ
ǵģûմĻĵȱ˵Ǹ֣½տû
½տ

һʱͰĸɵˣ˾ͬǱ˶סʺͻȻûˣȻֹǡ
ʦ壬ʦ壬ôˣѣѰռһͻȻɵ˵ģŽеʦ壬û°ɣû°ɣ
¡
ð֮ĲŴ𾪣лعĿĵؿǰգĵ˵ҸղŲ㱻
ô𣿡տ⸱˵ȻԼ½տʱܾ̿ģڵĺòȥ
㣡գʵ½½½
½պƺΪ½ɡ
½ôģʵ
룬Ȼȷ˵̽ף
ġ
𣡡̲סθȷ
գҲȷ
ô˵ġհ½տǷ˵Ǹ˵˱顣
֮󣬶ʱһֹŹֵĿ⿴
ա
񿴵Ļ̹ƤҪգ˵ʲô񣿡
ûʲôӲתƻȻˣͺúдд½ʧ񣡡
һ£ˡ
⻰һǽڣҲû֪ܵĳ󣬹黹ҵġ
ߵôæͷβٶ࿴Ա߲Զվ½տһۣһ񶼲Ʋȥת뿪ˡ
˰˲ɵظп
Աƺĳ˵Ц
Цʱһ죬ԴǸĿڵˣǴģұеһдİ
ۡ
Цƺˡ


208 
ڹ۲˼֮, ½տ˵ǰһĽ̵ս֮ҲͺպȺȲ죬ϵճ, ֮, ̲ס
˽״ãħ֮ս뽺, ֮Σ, нƷӡħʼ滢֮, ħս㲻ʲô
ƫƫħʼ޽һʱҲ׽İ취½տĳ, ͷ·һ޽õĴǰ, ֻҪ֪ᷭյĽⷽ, ǡ˸ȥ
׼ȷ˵û
Ͼ޲ǰȥѰǰϽѲ½µǰ, ǷԵȺ̫ܡĿһ, ǰŵհ̾˵, 
գ

һ̾

ճ˳ǣòأʦ˵ЩҪʲô
̧, ֮һ̾ϢҵҪȥЩʲô, ңָָԼţòҪ
ˣˣ̾˵͵Ȳİɣ
˵һ̾
գ
Ȼʦ㶼ףţհοҲͦõ˵µ鵱˽
ˣǡ̾Ϣֹס˺仰
նδ֮ԣͰǰ˭ȥһȻ֪߽ݾ𰸣⡭ƽ漰ǧ簲Σʷǰ⡣
ܿסȥ½տԮѾ޽λ㹻ƺͽˡ
£˽
޽ǿߣΪ˵Ľ
տǰü̾ģİοʦҲ̫ᣬûôõ飬ʹ½˿½磬鲻ֻ࣬ܵһĵɱﵡ
ʦǻܿʦΨһһҲһγֱս˺ʼΣڲ׼֣ħƱ˷ơ
ͬʱҲ޽˽ȣ֮ڣһ󱣻ʧʱ޽ٵıǴ˽սǿħʼвǺӵ޽Ԥ⣬ʦ֮ڣҲΪֻ֮ͦ꣬󳹵׻ٻħȺƣ֡
ʱħʼѷΨһвҲνƲˡ˵ֱ㣬浽Ǹʱ򣬷Ҳν˭ˡ
Աڰ޺òϱٵ󣬻ߡҳԿħȺİ취
ҲΪˣĲŻ˽겻ֹ޽綼һսʱĽ겻С꣬޽ƵĻܷ׷ױչسˣ½Ļ⼸ȹȥ껹࣬սʱͽġ
޽սսʱ⼸ڣֹ
ǲԶԶ
ȻɱﵣǵȻҪʹáڴ֮ǰĪҪһٵĺã浱ʥûƢն豭ԵĺһڣȻ£ǰɫʦǰɣҲͣˡ
ԶʱЦȻ㡣
˸ֲۣϹ
ʦǰͻȻֵ½տݼֱҪ̫ò£½տնûڹݡ½տһ֣޽עﰵضǵ˲Ҫ̫ࡣ
ÿպ½տߣܵ˷ĶңЩ½տˡ°²⣬½տʲôʱ̲˷˭Ըžͱ˸ٶأ
˼ɲ볭𰸵ģȻҲҪ𰸵ģƫƫȺûȥ½տҪ𰸣ĲνλߵֶΣԼ˲ϾȥڻҡЩʱգûܵΪѣĿԸۼҪסˣԾգҪһԽ⣬Щ˳ͷ
ն˼ԲŻ˵ǷĻĳ̶ֳϾʹʥ˵־⽣滹ǽʥڲͬ˿ɶõġ
ⷬ㹻ˡ˵˶٣˵״˽Ⱥܣࡣ
Ȼ˵ʵҲ൱ġ֣֪̿롣
ǵۣʮܳ˵սսв̤ʱ̾ԼԣҲָ󼺡
ϵż¶㴹֪ķ˱ΪǵӰ޼ɵżȻĴ̣սԸǱٵ֮֡
նĶ޽Ĵ˶ôһС˱нҡ
½տĳ֣һЩ˴⡣η½տҵǰյ⣬Ҫͨգ½տյ̬ȥǵĿġǺĴǵ룬ܣˡ
գҪȥڻңֲɵ
ϣģ˵ɽһµġ
߸ϣѲ⣬ŭ룬ðĻηԴ

պĺ裬ˡ
ա
ۣһϮɫ۵½տ䳡ճһÿд֮˫˽
յ徲½տ˵
΢˵ͦõкò裬½ҪҪһȲ裿
½տ˵ͷɡ
裬½տһ⣬ڣ
Ϊ಻вȣѡأѡΣĿ⿴ʵ
Բ죬ĿֿһۣƺΪλʳ⣬Ѿȥôˡ
οǶֻһ̫þֲĻ
Ȼֻղ˵ڣϾ½տ⽣ݣǻΪΡ¡½ǰһ£ͻȻ½ųһԭôܵǸʵֻΪˡ
Ϊ½磬ôΡ¡ǶԱҪʵûþԡٲʶȤҲ淸Ҳ̬ȣ俴ãǵʵһ ڡ룬Ȼԥն˵ѡһΣҲһǰ
Ͼǧһ֮΢֮ǧô㶼׬ɣ
½տû˵ֻĿɿ
ңĻȴΪҵԵʶɥҾˣҲ޲ԼȥصţҲ˸ðɡ
½տǰŮر˼˵˰ıһȣȣ鰲ȡΪҪȥôصҹðǱĩˣ
ʵ룬˾ˣ֮ͲʲôҲ룬Ҳνĺʹ֡˵룬ʵҲ¡
µǻˡ

½տ˽ֺ˽뷨
֮Цˣеڴͳˡ½տЦµĻŵˣԭҲһ֪
֪ʷһȣ
գ
ħ
ԣ˲ˣҪ˰ɣ
һ뵽Ǹ棬о඼Ҫͣˣŵá


209 
νʦͽ, ϹŽʥ½տֹʦ׽£ǳ, Բ
Ľ֮ǰ, ˡ½տ̸֮΢мֳķ񡣡
˿ڲ, ʵ𣿡
Ҳ, Ҳ½տҡͷЦ, Ǻ£ʡóǱԹĽ, ƫӡ
ҵҡԥ˵, ½˭ֲأ
⻰ɱó, ʱҪҴܡ½տЦ
ĬȻС
պ½տճд, пŵС, , ͳ˧ȥ
Զʱüʱ򡭡
֪Ϊ£ʵ
֪ͳ˧ֻ˵̬Ҫȥһˡ
һ֪ʶȤӲ½տÿնдʱʮֽ, °
һƽϣתͷǰ½տ˵ʧ㡣
ްȥ½տ˵
յվ, ƿ뿪
*****
ҴҵĸϵĵʣڣĺʹҶڣɫء
µ㿩һ£æʵ˺£
̧üĿصĿһۣǳصһʱǰһħʼƷӡ
ԣյҲ˹ȵףɫ˲ĺʹҶһѿð֮Լɬʵ
ؾħλ֮⣬ɫ˵÷壬ѩüλ˰ΣսֵǳǵĴȡʱ䣬ǰǵʹȡ㹻ʱ佫ٶʮȫϡ

ۿɷᣬ·ɬþԡ
֮˾䣬λǰ壬Ⱥܣ͵ǰǡ
˻ҪᣡĴĻ˵ǰŸܣˣ£
ձһ仰סԡ
ճأͬȻҹźء
ڣ˭ԣδ˵
ҶɫüĿ£һԲվԲ࣬綬յѩ̹ǡ
֮ĲٿڵλԱԪ˸Ʒӡľħ棬ϧˣħ˳֣ľħˡ
һźϧԭǸûᡭ
ȻϹħʼ治𣬵ǿԷӡ޽ʦûûҹоϹŷӡ󣬿ҳ˺üӡ󷨣δлʵ
˵գɫһصĶ˵˴ξħƷӡʧλңǰŬǰ׷ѡ
ĬһԣȻпᣬ˵ʵһκħƷӡɵһڳһǣʮλĲҽǺõġ
˵ħ汻ħ˾ߣԣȵʤ˵ħӡֵ֮λԱԪƲᣬʱӦû񡣡
˵⻰ʱĿſգԢ⣬ձֱ飬Եʦкֱ޷
ʱһȻô˵Ҿֱ˵ˡı飬˵㣬ħпܻ㡣
գ
ǣǶ˭
ˡֱԡ̲ס˵ǵиݣ
ĶʱһûиûĿ⿴һκħ桭
⣡˵˵е飬ġ
ĶԴ˲ÿɷֻ˵кħǰ˵á֮е׼
Ҳ£ǿļλʦѾˡóŵ㣬ԼеģǶħʼ棬ҲԵģ
գ
Ҳ԰
ûŰͺܾ
Ӿ뿪֮ĶǺһѾģԲۡ
ĻʾʾҪ̫ԣ޽ȺȻ׼ħˡһΪħһ׼ô˻Ὣ˵ľħӡˡ
ƻ˵ûëϹħʼ治Ǳӡһʱô˼ƻٴνǷӡôǻԪָ˵ʵ۷Ǿ͸ѶԸˣ
ҲǴ۷壬ǹˡ
³Ҫ²۵ȻǻǾúһѾѲʵħռרħʼ
ǣշ֣ǣ
ħʣ
ϱħɱ̫ˣⱲӲŻܴĥѡ
ʦáԵĴҶؿڵʦĻΪ𣿡
תͷȻ˵ʵҲûУ;Щİɡ
˶٣ȻΪԲŻᱻննҸնħ
ܹն뻹ôµնļֵûС૵
⻰һԵĴҶȴͻȻһܴģüĿȥˣһ޾ɵʧģ
ôˣոܵͻȻ̲סʵʦ֣Ƿʲô𣿡
ҶĿ⿴ųؿðſڣ֮ǰʦ飬Ҽٰǰȥվħ档
ⲻܳɹİɣħֲɵôϵ̲ס˵ȵȣ
ȻӦ˹ٰ磬ôٰ磿
ɣһŵı鿴ͼϵıѰ𰸡
ҶƶĿ⣬֤ʵĲ롣
ҾÿԣһķŵĿǣʦϣ󵨵ϣ㲻Уأ
ʦִ֮ųȥ
ʦֵŮװʦֵŮװ
һΰ
ûʦŮװأ
ʧʧ
ҶһΨ²ҵı飬֪ܲʲôĴ룬ʦ岵ҵ顣
˿鰡ҿԺʦһȥңԿ˵ʦͬģնԴʮֻӻԾ˵ڻˡ
ҶԾԾԵı飬ЦͻȻʦ˵ͦԡ
ա
Ψܵ˴ΣҶ˵Ϊҵ
ûƤҲû˳һ죡
Ƥ졣
𰡣ʦ֣ǿٺϼƣϼ°


ա
ô˵ء
մ֪ĻԤԵ츳һľȻı飬½տǰ϶Ÿ豭ޱ˿ڲ裬ÿгɬЩļͿѰ
գٳһʱǲ֣ƽǣ
˴ȵǡ
Ҳ⻰ΪĿԣл˶ԣҲ̫˰ɣħ档
ôҲϹħʼ棬쵱ĴȻӡ꣬䵽⸱˵ģôҲһħ棬ȫ˿أ
δôԵ㣬ôϹ
ңٶҲ̫˵ɣ
ǵƻУħʼҲʮ²Żٴγ֣Ͼ֮ǰˣôҲôָ°ɣ

ˣڶˡ
˼Ŀе޽ʦߵˣ
üϲϵŶ


210 
, ħڽвͷ, ٳޡ
ǳء
ҡ
žħĽ, ۾ǰŵ½տϵı飬мΡ½տϲδ¶ʲôɫ, ǵȻ糣, µĲ΢ɢЩȥ
ôĸӵأ
ͷ·ǵżҳ汻ϲԼܵ߳, ̣
֮ܶǺϢ
ӲͷƤǰ½տڵ, ½, ȸǣ
һ, ԼΪʲôҪӦø̬ȼǣ
½տ, ĺ˿ڲ, ȻеĲ豭, վأȥ
գ
һ仰ʥҪҳͷ
ϲ裬ȿȡ
ʣռʵ˵˾, ᲻᲻̫ã
½տƳкβã
Ͼ, ң̽˵
Ϊ㡣½տһͬС۸ȥֻع쾭塣
գ
ʲôʱ½տеСʶȤı˳Ĭ룬ͷˡͿ˵
½տšһȻֶҲһԱ߿ţôѵЩ۸ˡ
Ⱥһұ㲻׺½տ赭дȥͷ
ò
ֹǲֱѪ׬
Ҳû뵽½տ˵ⷬô˿̵½տˣ
ǴеȺͷ绪
վǰףʤˡչ˵һعģ
*****
⡣
ո½տ󣬸ϵǽϡ
ʵʵվ˳ǽ׼ĳԹϣսȺڣ½տԽǽֱӳڳľħǰ۸ֶŮ𣿡½տĿƽĲȴ·
ԭŲ񲻿һľħ棬һɫ˲ͱˣʧɫô㣡
½տʧеڴˣ㡭
㲻Ӧ÷Ͻ𣡣
½տɫľħڴ˴㣡
ħ档
Ѱ˼½տûɣҲˣԩ޳𡭡
г𣡡½տĻ

ħһʺš
۸ֶŮ½տ˵
ħ֪ʵֶŮˣ
Ѱ˼½տֶŮʲôʱֶŮˣû˵
Ȼ½տ³һ֣ա
ħ档
ܣ
ħһգеôֶܻŮ½տҲ͡ˡ
½տ˲̹ɱ˲ˡ
½տЦһγ ҿȻǷᣡ
ħ档
Űν½տ϶ʱֵı飬½տ֧䱩Ŀ־ӿͷ½տϹħеʱҲǸħ־ɵĴɱ½տĽħܳɼɽ
½տ㣬лú˵
½տʾ˵ȴһ
վڳǽϵΧһŹȫΪȫʢĽʥ½տŹ˵ľħ棬ǽһˬ̩ͨˬˡ
֮½տͷƾħ淢ԣڲ׼½嶯֣˺壬Υԣڻ֮
˵汻ŰľħĴӦˣŷ֮󣬾ħ±ˣԼǾö޹⣬ħ˦һ䣬Ҳưոݵģ꣡½տҵҪܱӻһʱܱӻһ
ʹҴȥˡ
ЩǱӵģ


½տ˽תǽϵսеʾ
׿ɾ½ٻ˵ԥӳǽ
½տУŮӳǽһԾµӯӰһֻ泯鲻ԽҪ֣סֻĺ
½½տǰı񣬳ɵĽ
š½տ̴ٵӦ££˵´αô³ç
ڨڨŶ
ȴǲΪȻǽֲķˣʿǽ¡
½տ϶˶٣Ȼ˵ǱδĲ裬´ټɡ
һ˰ĲŷӦе˼˸ʱ𡭡
ǸóӦֳϵˣ˵ҵһǿ֣ղóҲóοˡоԼкܶ໰ܶҪ˵ȴһ仰Ҳ˵ڣٰһһҴëš
һȥмִ㶣Ӧٻ
ɵġ½տӣǲɵЦˣСɵӡ
Сɵգ
ͻȻʲôҲûˣˣ
ǽʥҲտƾף
½տ߲գֺݺ˰õСԴѵüĲ񻰵С그µջ֣װ·
նڶоӵĿ⡣
ˣˣˡ½տ˵Ǿõȡ
һȻš
ллЩƵУټ
´һȲдɣ
Լ
´Σһɡ

ʰתߡ
˳֮ҴӪػȥģʦ壡
ס
תȥ˵㰡ա
տԣһ˷أָָͷ죬λͷȥˣ
šӦ
ȥˡ˿ȻܿʶԼ㲻̫ãԵλһ¸壬壬ǽ͵λײҽˣ½紦⣬ջȥҲã͡
мɫοҲ뿪㣬λҪȥģܹ뿪ǰһ׮ΣҲԲ
źˡ˵
ǿ˵ЩҶʦģҲֻһͺˡ
˵Ҳ˵ʲôֻǵܹ׾ͺá
ղ˵תƻʦ壬㼱ҴҵҪȥģ
׼ȥǼλʦţǲعˡ˵һˬʵЦ̫ˣòˡ
գ
ͺǿϵǿ


½տ뿪֮󣬲δ޽ʲôӰ죬һ޽Ŵ˵ǸǹƥһһžħĿнʲôͷλɽˣ
һ޽Ŵ˵⽣ݱħʱһģһı⣬ֻǽޡĳɡӢŮޡ
޽ǧĲ֮ա
ȤϿʿ²½տݣò˵Զֶ࣬ʲô²ⶼУֱտЦ
ˣǳ嵭˼
ԸԼȤ֮ʱһ벻鷢ˡ
ʲô˵ʲô˵һ飡һŵı鿴ǰͨʿ˵
ǣʿӦȻ־ɵĽղŵĻ˱飬ͷλԳ׵ˡ
׳Ƶģ


211 
ʿĻ֮, յһӦǣթƭˣȻ˸թƭͷϣ, ĵ
ûе, Լôʹûνĵ, ͻȻðһ, ʯͷĳģ
ʶľ˽⵨ƭƭӸȥ, ǻ֮ʣ뵽ʲô, ߵĻ˱, Ŀڵ㽫˴, ȥһ
ǰ룬ȥӭݵĺá
, ձҴҸ˳ȥ, ƭӻǡϾͿ֪
Ӫشſڡ



϶Ա֮һļҸ, 𾪡ȻãȻ⡢ɻ޴롢ԡȵǧͷӿֽ֯γһɾκ˰ǿһͳĴԡ
˶Ǹľͷһ۾˼ԵӪſڳ, ͦɰأ߽ڹͺΪ˷ӡ
ߺȻϹʱµһʥ, ࡣ



մ˿ӶǣȻˣ
Ҫʦݺͽʥ½տĳˣȫһģ˵ǰߴǾκˮʹأʷǰִʯײ𼶱ġ
ֱӾͽվ͸ɵˣľ޷Ӧ
ʥ˼ģʧЦô𣿡
¶ٵı飬ȡЦΪӦϵôһ
ԤϣǺ𾪺
ҳߵǻع飬·Ȼһ˲ĳκ޷ģ
۸ˣ仰˵ڵ
۸ˣ˭۸ˣʥ״е˼ʵ
Ȼ˭ⲻڵտĿѸٻ˱ӣ㻹˭Ȼװɵ
ɵŮࡣʥ˱ֱӾ͸Цˣ۸
գ
ǹģһ΢ıԹҲ̫˰ɣˣԳǸʲôġ
ûе鰡
ǲò˵ʥôһԭЩֲ̿ƽͷ·ǱһֻĴĸеĻֲ̿ƽֻʣһƬ
ܸҶԳʥ΢ıԹ˵ݵĻ
ЩԹĻƼ٣˵ǱԹ˵СŮΪ֤ԼǱŵģΪ̽Լеĵλƫ޿ֵСŮ곤̽˴ŵԺԵÿɰĺ֡
Ǳƫ˵Ȩ
ƫ곤ԣԿݴȰĿ˵ôˣͲϵˣ
ҿɲǵн̹ʥĿ⺬Цҡͷһͬգɲܳ˾Ͳѧ˰
ǻĵİ
˵գ˵ģ̾һ
գ
ˣ
ܻܣǶ˼ĴǰȲãȲã
һȷ˳õʲô籾裬ҲǸʲô̬ȣ֮ദס˷ִ硣
⽣õǷֱδѾ籾½տõźĹʦ籾˳ʧɢδټŮѾ˲֪κͳŮദϸ׺ഺڷѣŮ籾š
֮ܶôһ£
룬ԣ
ⲻȫȵס򶨲ţ
֪Լ˲֪κͷֱδŮദĿյϸ׳ʥˣͬҲ֪ӭһ޴ѵսӵһഺڷѲСŮ
******
պͳʥϷŮӪſڻݼĽʱ
ʿĿؿλЦã˰죬Сյ𣿡
š̫񰡣̬Ҳ֣ҲϣԵǲأ
Ҳδиװ
󣬾һ䣬󵨣һɱĸס
ͺ˵棬оȤӣ
ʥ˵Ķ죬һЦеʿô񣿡
ʿԣĿڳʥ˺ն˵ѲӶ֮꣬ԥ˵ǲ̫񡣡
ʿҲ̫ʵЩȻҲһȻı˵Ͼģ
ʿԶʱһʲôԭǱģȻ˸ӵļͥϵװʦɽ
ʿɻ󣬳ʥһ仰ˣ˵ģ˵ϲԭ𣿡
ˣϲΪŵãŮˣɫǲǺܲ԰ûѪɫǶǱŵãŵɫˣʲôϲɫյѾץס˺ͳʥദľ裬Ǿʤɧұɧ
ʥЦе㵨С
ٴҲŵãôֽҲаָ˵
ⲻУͿɰȤķӦˡʥ˺ԥܾδҲ̫źˣ
ңط˼𣿡Цеգ˵
ֱӷ˰ۣȷǺ˼㽫㵱ƭӸϳȥ˼
˻һĶȤζǰʼǡ
ڣҲû
һ˲䣬·ص˹ȥ
±Ǩᣬ׺ɣټʱһǰ
˴ȱʧʱ⣬һ˲·նϣبڶ֮ľ뱻޵ֱٴεཻ
նǰۿĳʥ¶ټĵһЦݣ죬Ǻ˵ˣܹټ㣬̫ˣ
Һܸˣ
ܸˣܸˣܸˣ
ʥ˿ǰ΢ЦòŮӣʱֻŮټʱѳɳΪǾޱŮӣĥֻǸüͣЦʱһǰ뵱ʱһģһɻǸЦմϾŮ
ͷ·ǵǸڸϥЦĺӣʱδԶȥ
Щķֱ𣬲δıʲô
ֻԽԽˡ
õĽˡ
֮ǰڼ֮ǰʥټĳòı䣬һİнȻͬˡ
ûйԥԼݣ
֮ǰĴ㡣
ɳΪһܺõأʥ̾¶ϲЦݣΪ׵ϲͽ̫ˣա
ʱӦ˵ʲôţˣӦ˵
Ϊӡ


212 
ܿľӪʿ֪ǵ콵׵, ϸײѰ׵ĸ˷θµĹ²һձ㴫ӪأĵĶС
ĵķӦܿ죬ûȵڶ, ҹǰȥ, ĵһ仰ǣ˵ͻȻ˸
ͬɽɵʿ, Ϊ󱲵տνĵƤ³, ûе, ֪ܲ
ͻȻðĵʹ⣡
ôһ, Щ, š, ˵ɡ
һĿϬ
ǡͼɻء
˿ϷŹķܺɻ, Ϭʵ

ð֮, Ա˵
ػˡ
տ𾪵õɫ, ɵسǣ㲻ǲµ𣬻ô𾪣ɫˡ
ʮϢŻػ˵в²⣬, ໹ܾ֣
˵գøӵĿ⿴ǰһȻƺ˿Ӱ޸˵˻
ϵ
͡ϰ, ֮ϰ˾ͺá˵
ûϰ߰ɣ
һѾı鿴Լʦֶĳ˵ҲǸ⡣ò˵½԰һжƿеĵȻţ̶ϵĻĵĽźͲ
ܿλʵ
λҵλ˵ȻСֹһҲûˡ
Ҳǣһ˼һ֣صй°̬ճ˵һоͽˣҪ⾡ˣ
գ
ʲôˣ


ҪӪʿǣĵǸʲôˣʮоŸ˵ǸúܺÿƢܺáաƺҲܺõ۳Ůˡ
Ϊʲô˵ƺܺأΪӪ֮⣬ûҳʥ˵ĳգʿֻλĵÿնܣ³ֺóԵ̲ʳҩţͻܸأ
ȸ³ô³Ȼеһֺóգûˢ̨أ
һ˵ģһ˵
ǣʥһˣ
Ϊܺߣǵ˵лҪ˵ʥ˵ĳվ͸һ˲Ԥ⡭һʹıǰòܵ˵
ﲻߵԭ򣿡ķ
ҲȥԳʥ˵ġ⡣ջ¶˾ܾζʹ಻˵
ȻǱ˵⣬ͺúýܰӱܲܽ⡣óĿǽ
̧ͷĿֱʧȥ߹⣬ʹ˵̫أҸˣѩɽܣǸ𲻳ҩģһƯѩɽĿʬ塣
ǰëʨģǸζϡŹҩġ
һİëʨ࣡
ʱڷɢŹŹζʨʱҸоԼ඼Ҫֹͣˣ
һʧȥľ飬ǣҪҰʨĸȥȥȫ
ȫ
ģ
һӣĿյĿͱˣͬû뵽Ҳװ
ʥ˵ĶҲܰȵҪһǿθ
㶮𣿡˵ûڴȥˣҪҳߣ
Ѿٻȥˣ
˵˵ž͸оҪ̫ˡ
š
Ĳòϣ˵ǶԵġ
ǣⲻ㵽ɡ˵ӱܲܽˡ
Ҳ˵νҳ߾ǴľܵĿͬ˻ҳߣлú˵ͽúùͨ
󣬵㣬𣿡
ҾܾʥˣҶ˵ֱ׵Ķ˵ķĺѳԣҲҪˣ
ķʡ
ĳʵĻشǣҲǰ

վýžעĲкͬѳŵӣ


֮ͼӱܳʥ˺ڰݱŲߣŲ
һҪӱܽе׵ļơ

һ̾ÿడ
Լǳʥ½ƲԣӿˣúһʥˣѧҲգ˳աֻ˵һʱĽд۽˷֮ÿһ춼һЩϡŹֵĺڰԻղ壬ʵıɱζ
ֲþܾ˵һ⣬̹οһʥΪϴܾܾҾܾ
һ죬ǳϻ̳Ͽ֡ܳĽӹʥ˵ݹơ
ڶ죬ɫ˫ֲӹ
죬ݿ㲡


ֱգˡ
Ҳʱȥˡľĳտͷɫ˵ɫˡ
ʥ˾õˡ˾

һĿ
ĥһᣬʵǼϲȥˣ˵һȥˡ
ߣ͡ͷҲ̧˵

ճ˾ʣӪųصĽŲ·
ԶϦϼѤãӳƬնױȵʣҶ
յȴǺĹŴ̹ǵĺ磬
ӱܲܽ⣬ֻ¸ҵԡ
ڻصľ⣬ֵפصʿɻˡ
ԣӦš
ʲô𣿡˾䡣
ޡʿ˵ֻ׵ãԷأ
¡
ðĸףÿ춼ΪҪ³ɲ׼򵥵顣ʿ޵˵һǺԲŻÿ춼鷳ɡ
š
Ӧδ˵ֻǼӿ˲ӳǰȥ
ƿ˽ȥ
ѾȺõĳʥתͷȥſŵһ˲¶Цݣˡ
¶˶٣ȻӦţˡ
˾ϴֹԷɡʥ˳գЦ˵
ӦȻתȥϴ˸֣߹ȥ¡
ǰĳʥ˸ʢŵǰޱȻͷ·ǧ顣
տǰںȻһԲĶһһں£Ž¡
ζµõݣһֺܺĶԸʼõࡣʥ˿Це˵ζ̫ܲã˴š
ҪҪһ룿
Ҫ


˵Ϊʲôڸ³أǰҲûðճ󲻽ĶԴҶ˵½һҶս
ҶüĿ̸㣬嵭ȣΪǸװɡ
ţһ㣬ҧ˿ڣɻʵ
½ʥʦɣΪĽÿսҲΪ˶㡣Ҷ˵ǳʥˣĸס
ȻǸףǾǲܺ۶࣬ص˼ңӦýһ⣬ڼǰӦǷɵġԣ塣
ʥ˸ЩҩţȴζŹ֣Ըʡư˾ɼмǿЧ
Ҳİɡ
һȷʥ˵ҩȻζŹѳԣȴõҲǼѵõĵر
Ϊ˸󣬴־ϣƽҶ˵ʦãиøء
Ŀ⿴֮ųЦݣţ
Ҷû˵ǣ¿࣬ͷʦãȻǱԹȴܹ治ɫĳ³ʥļѳԹŹֵҩţҴӲ˵κһ䲻ã˵һԶ׼ʵ
ֹǳʥˣʦҲǡ
ʦҲǸŮ
سʥҲ㣬ԲŻġ
ֻһɵģΨķܻȡġ


213 
շϰǸµĶѾ治ɫĺ޲ĳ³ʥĵĿºڰ, Լζǲǻˡ
һ˵, Ҳ˲Ǻ°ɡ
ʦ塣
ƿ˽ȥ, , Ҳ֪Ϊ¡
һ߽ڣ, ʱס, ŵ˳ĺʹҶ, һˡһϮɫ, ӣȻϴһ֮δİ¹Ժɽ
ɽվȽеĿ⿴ô
ɽһЦĿ, ˵ǡ, ұôһˡ
һı, ǲΪȻʲôҪҪ¹ԺɽҵδҲ̫˵㡣
ɽĿӣ֮ɵ˵ǲ˵㣿
ôܡһ˵ʲôЦı飬ԥϵ֮, 已̥, ɹǣ֮䣿
ɵĺôˣôԶ֣
ɽĿ⿴, δ˵
ôһ˵ԱߵĿҲգϸĶãȻͷ˵ƺЩԲ˲١
ա
ܰɣ
ŤͷԵĴҶʦ֣㿴ң𣿡
Ҷ
ҶĬãȻձȵ£ڵʦҲܿɰǰá
ա
Ҳ˵ҵȷˣ
þ
һ˲䣬տ챻ӿϵľˣܴɶȲΪʲôˣ᳤ְ
ĺþ
λӿǰһ˲ľػɢŨŨգǺʹ𣿡ĲʵֻԳЩֲʲô¡
Ǵ£Ŀʦ壬ǲ׵ģ⣬һϸˣͻܿĸһģ
ֻԳЩҲʲôС£
ģ
ŮӺ鷳
顣
ʦҲܿͻֳһңŤͷԵĴҶ˵ʱͲÿɰˡ
ᡣҶĿ⿴˵
ģһͿ͸˵ı飬Ǻ˵ô˵ʱͱˣ˵죬ƭ˵Ĺ
Ҷ
һݷ˾գʶȤı죬ȥùͷ
һԶŲ豭պȲ迴Ϸɽ˱ӣЦſ˵ǲǷĵر
Կͷ˵ţ˵Ҳû
ʥ˵ĺڰ=ִĵر
Ǿˣֻ˴һʱԲŻ᳤֡ȫڹʣͻȥˡɽ˵ҸνǷʶȣһζǺ¡
⻰ȥ˵
˵ʲôأҽڰ
ûһѪԭˣԭˣֵ׾Ȼǳʥˣ
ǼһòǹİɣԽԽÿܣԺﲻɵظʥºЦеһΪõӸݸִ룬ȫûܾĻ˵ڡ
˳ǹġ
ǹģ
һ̫ˣ
һĶӣϲ׽Ūˣһ㶼û䡣
տˣֻҪһ뵽ʥ⼸һֱĹ⿴Ц뽫һ١
֪ŮأͺŮһϷŪ
ܵϴǿȲвƵŭĺʹҶ˴ҳһüĿ۹۱ǱǹĳĬ˭Ҳʱȥ˵ҲǺյıŭˡ
ɽǿ³ĬĺʹҶȻٿŭգ۵һȻЦ⣬Цп˵Ҳʲô£ֻҪָܹܻԭΪҲܴǡ
Ǻأܽ
һۣƺˡ
ƺЩŪɳ׾ˣɽҲˣתƻ˵˵ڴˣҼ˱㲻òŰݷ÷
ģ
Ҷ
ĺĺǰŮϵŭѾ챬ˣʱըǷǡ
ЦˣɽЦ˵˾ú£ҪȥݷõãҲҪȥѯһȥɣ
ģ
Ҷ
Ѿˡ
֪ΪΣǶԺʥΣӣ
ɽʲôδһ㣬Ů룬ЦŵͷӦǾȴ֮ˡ
պͰ¹ԺɽȥԺֻһ仰ʥ˿ܣ
С鷳ծȥˣ
һͷǴҶһس˼ı飬üĿĲҲɫأʵʦֶ㷢ʲô
롣Ҷأҳ󲻽˵ʦΪǰݣ

ģΪʲôôʦõ뷨
Ƕ˲ʦã²˵
лҪ˵ʥ˾ǹġ
ձʾգ


214 
⡣
ԭŭȥҳʥ˵, ˲ʱ, ĵƽ˲, 侲
۲İ¹Ժɽһ, °, ҪҲȿ뿪֮ܲЦ, ʥӣʡںǰû
ɽԵƬ̣ҽȥͨһն԰¹Ժɽ˵
ɽЦͷ, ͷˡ
ת˲, ȥʱ, ʥǰһ飬̧ͷһۣջıƽһʱ
Ϊݷ˼ҡ˵¹Ժɽ˳ǰݷá
ʥ˵˵ͷ, ɡ
תȥ˽ʥԼգҺ𣿡


ȵŰ¹Ժɽʱ, ʥѾڲ輸ǰϣ輸ϰڷһ̡
¹Ժɽųʥ˵, ΢΢ͷʾ
ʥ˿ʵ̸һ֣
ȴ֮ɽ
ȥݺʥʹָʹȥݲ衣
Եͷ, תȥݲˡƬ֮ݲĲ˻輸ԣ΢΢ϣӲȡ裬ֱŵ˳ʥ˺Ͱ¹Ժɽǰ
лˡ
͡
հĹԱߣλģʱĸǿ˵Ĳ豭裬˵ǸǳĵСˡ
һ˰ʱԳʥӮ˰ʤ
лָ̣ǳ¹Ժɽ˵ȻҾ񣬡ð߶ţڴ˸ǡ
ʥƵϵӣͿ͡
õġ
̶˲赹ˮСúͿͯ
Ͱ¹Ժɽȥ⣬뿪𣿡ɽɵʵ
ɽĿ⿴ЦŷʵǸ뿪
ԥ£ʵǰĿĴ𣿡
ɽЦˣôĿģΪҸ˽Ķѡ
ܵһϹʥͣıԣգɽп˵⻹ĸС㡣ЦŽгǸƺţ˵վȤЦ˺ü
԰¹ԺĽ֮֮ȺʿȡĳƺյŴСˡ
ôҲ󣬶ʱһܲ˵ı˵ֻЦѡ
ʲôŴС㣬һĽôųϰϵ𣿴Сʲôģҵ
ɽζ˵ǰЦ󡪡
㲻ˡ


߰¹Ժɽ֮תȥ˲ҡʥѾʰ̣ڲ輸ǰ
߹ȥ£ʥ˽һݵǰֽӹһͷ£Ȼ󽫿յıӷ£ʥָɽôģպʳʥ˵̸ʲô
ֻѡʥ˵˵Ŀģžˡ
Ŀ⿴ãշ˵ˡ
Щ˵ǰӣĪ⣨⣩֪ǾĹʲôʶ
ǲлҪ˵ʥʵ
ûС
ûУʥĿ⿴ɫ
ţûС
ʥ˿һۣվ˷䣬ȻȥˡյͷȲ裬Ҳûȥġ
Ƭ֮ȥжһɢŨŨζơѾֽܹӹʥ˵ĺڰ治ɫҨһ¡
ÿ࣡ɫǻѸֿ˿˿ĸζɫŤһţôǿģ
һ𾪣ʵ
ʥɫ˵Ҽζ
ա
ΪʲôҪӻ
ϻ𡣡ʥ˿˵
ûϻ𰡣ֲϻأ
󡪡
ջǿһ²ǼĿıɱζˡ
նŴҶ󵹿ˮ˵ϻϻ˰
ô붼ܰɣôϻأǲǺ֣һԻ˲˵
Ҷ˱裬˵ʦûϻص㲻㣬ڿ
ʲô˼
ϻ𣬿ϻ𣬿
ܰɣշӦ˵ôῴϻҶûϻˣЩ֮󣡡
Ҳԭ򡣡Ҷ˵ʥ˴ҪǰԵ㣬ʶ塣
£ʶȤЩõƷʣǶڸ׶ԣŮҲЩãֵŮƺǸ׵ȨҶ˵
һ
ǡ𣿡
ǵġ


ԣûܶԳʥ˱Ĳ;ܾҶǰ˵
տһ侲֮󣬾Ͳ˵ˣо˵ڡֻģҼӽЩͿˣʲô⣬Ծû˵ˡ
ʦáҶؽе
ʲʲôձɫһ£
˵ĺ⣬ޱҪþܾǵþܾҶ˵ܾ˵ĻҲͲغȻˡ
ա
˵ɣôװ̾˵ҶֻҪһ뵽ֻ꼻һֵĶݣЩҪܾĻ˵ڣҲ𡣡
ֻҪһ룬͸оǲͣٿҲֻһʱġ
޷ܾĲ˵ĺ⣬ǲ빼öݵʱɡ
Ҷû˵

һʼվ֪һջӭ
Ϊ֪ϧ
õĻʵദʱ⣬ͷ·͵ģҪȥġ
ϲԲĴ֣ϲֱ
ħƷӡջ֮ܵϢ֮վֱ֪ӵˡ
Ϣһ޽ʿǵһбʿϹħʼ棬Ȼħ沢ȫʢڣֵƷӡʱڣҲԼ޽硣
϶²ջ֮Ϊ
۷壿ܣԲܣ֮ǰľħͺħ棬ʮλΧ׷ɱǣҲ˲ءԲֹ۷Ϊ
ջ֮ʲôˣǿ޽ĵһţ˵ǰ㻯۷ˣ񡪡ɲ⣡
˵ֻ˵ջ֮ΪƺǰͣͲǰƺʲôƿ
ӣҲƿҲͰͻˣֻ֪
˵˭ǵöǰ˻ᣬʱΪҪѡ˳أ
˻ᰡҼǵá
Ҳǵá


ʱ˻ʤǵ޽һˣɽɵɣ
Ҳ޽һ˰
Ҽǵʱ
Ҳǵá


˵˭ǵöǰʢ°¹ԺĽ֮
֮ҼǵһĽǴܳĻ̫Ůɪһǵá
Ҳǵá


˭ǵջ֮ʵΪ磿
ûаͻΪ֪Ϊ಻ֻ֪֪޽һˣһŮ񣬽֪ѣ󹬣¡
Ľˡ
һʱ䣬֪üĽ˭ĺá
ϵʿ


215 
ղ²ջ֮Ӧǽ, ˻ΪƳջ֮ħ, ħƳ֮״ز⡣, ħӦƳˣûİɣ
, ʦ塣նǰĺ˵޽Ĵ𲻶ǰ޲𣿡
һ˵ʵһҶ, ͳ, ջ֮𡣡
¸߾ħ֮ս, ڵħսйûҪ֮һڴ, ջ֮Ĵڲɻȱķĩпһ, , ൱Ҫ
ʦ𡣡ǺӾӣΪʦ, ԲŸҷһУڱչһͻơ
ջ֮ϴҲСˣôͲոͽأ, Ųһ̳˵Ļ
Ҳջ֮ӦȥҸϱк󡣡
գ
ǹⱲӶм̳ˡղɵ˵, ոͽܱȽϿЩ
ջ֮Ǵϵ¶д䵭ӣȢϱޣⱲǶԵ
룬Ȼ˵Ҳǡ
ʦֶİԸһӺ󣬶һۣȻĬת˻⣬ħ֮󣬱ϵħ˾ߡ
Ӧħ򡣡˵Ȼգ޽ļλʦ
һĪϣô
ħ治ħ
һôôϵı飬ľ飬ħһҵľ㣡
⣬Ҳһɣȷ˵Ӧȥչһѩǰ𣿡
ڿһ޵˴ڣħһ԰ûָ֮һӦȥջ֮һѩǰܲǡ
ûһѩǰ֮ǰָʵǵ֮˵գһ㶮ԲŹġ
գ
Ҹ˵
˵ʦǸòֺϴһɣղɵ²۵ȴˣû
Ӧòᣬ͵ˡ˵ֻҪħ治ڽɱǾٵ
գǲڲ죿ľ飬һô˵öᡭ
ǲܻڽɱģû컺˵

Ӫڴʿͨ
ʿ£
һսָȥһս¡ʿ˵
ԣɻʵ˽󣿡
Գġʿ
ġ
ա
Ҹ˵ʲôţ
ɫʿ˵֪ˣȥɡ
ǣʿȥ
ʿһȥͱɫˣ
ЩħΪʵ̫Դ⣡
տ⸱ܴģ̲סҪ̧סǣѹסЦ⣬˵ⲻʦ壬ס
ҳȥ˵
̧ͷüȻһȥ
ȥ
ո߳ȥûδ뿪Ӫأͱһʿˣ£տʿ˵
׺ȥʿ˵
գ
ʱһȥǺʱ𣡣
һȥҪȥһˣȥٺȡ˵
У˵ˣھͻȥʿܾ˵
°˵Ȼʿҵģҵģ
ش֮ǰݣ˭ֵµı
ʿ
Һѣ
ʿһΪ˵ǣĸҲǣԾܾ
ܾҿտ˵
ҡʿæ˵Ȼ˵ˣִⲻصĻҸ鷳ȥˡ
ա
Ӧ仰˼æ׷ʵʲôǵģ
ڸոաʿ˵
˵Ⱦͳȥ
ļסǳ˵û𣿡
ڲ뿴ģ
ձôһȣȵ侲ͣס˽Ų
ȻȥʵȥˡĿ˵
նվ죬ȻȻת뿪
ȥģʵ
ȥ
¶ЦݣȻҲתųȥ


ջصڣϿǰڷƣһԲ߹ȥֶƣֱͷ๾ࡱİһȫȥ
ã
˸ã˵Ʒ£˲죬Ȼת첽ȥ
ʹƽٶȡ
ոϵǽϵʱսѾˣʥһϮӭƮУԷ߲Ⱦ³ǰһ̡˺ۿɼħ档
ʤߵͣһۿɼ
վڸ߸ߵĳǽϣңһĻɵ°һһֱҳ׷ɡҲ֪ԼΪλšʥҪĵǸˣǣǲɵؾ͡һ١
ա
ǰеĳʥˣعͷǽϵֵ
ԥ磬ȥ
Ȼֻĺ
ˣʥ˿΢΢һЦʵ
һ£û뵽ʥ˼ĵһ仰ˡʵشͬʱ¸̵㵽жӺ飡
ʥĿĴߣҡͷ˵㣬ôҴܹ
˵գȥմմȾһգһҲôҪ
յ˲䱬죬Ӳ˵Ҳûкܼ߹ģԣٶ߹ġ
ʥû˵ֻĿ⺬Ц
ա
ʱ񿴵飬ƿߣתƻ˵ˣ
ţˣʲô¡ʥ˵
ԱԸŮ²²ǹϵٵħʱļһˡ
֮ǰһڣ޽Σաʥ˵
տ˵лл
ʥҡͷ˵֮䲻˼⡣


һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôã˳Ĭ
ʥĿ⿴ĳĬݵһЦѧһ´μʱ㳢¡²˵
ա
նٸиЩʣϤθʹоΥˣʥ˵ĺڰҪ
ۡ
⸱ʱóʥЦ˳
գ
Ц̧Ŀǹİɣ
ǰʥ˴󷽷ĳϵǰŮԴҪ;ܾŸ׺
̫ˣ֪Կ˰ɣ׻׻̵ֵĺӲǳԡ
㲻Ҫ̻СӰ߻ӵġշ㻹ʥأ
⡣ʥĿ⿴Цҵĺӣ߻

յͷ˵˾ͺá
ǡ
ͷϴһЦһֻԴϣͷѹ̧ͷ
´ټˡ
ֱͷϵʧֻʧղ̧ͷǰѾǸ˵Ӱ

ῴҪ뿪
ôĻͲ˰ɡ
ס
տſһ˵ǰ૵
㸸װ
һԵħ˵ϼһͻȻ֣˵Ҫ۸Ůһѵʱһ
һΪıƣڶ֣û뵽Ȼİ
ϼһôɰŮħһ飬˼⣬òİɣ
͵תͷ
ôôű𣿡ħ汻ıһڳϼһɲ٣û˱㣡
յԺֻѭǾ仰·𿴼˳ʥ΢΢һЦ̬ǿӲ๣ûܹԽң۸ҵĺӡ

һ˲䣬·һ¡
硣
лҪ˵硪ա
ϸסʥˡ
ڰˮˮ
һ
ǰ=.=


216 
ճĬķس, ӭߵǰ, ļ򣬿ο޲ɢ֮ϯ
ԺַûټĻᡣ˵, ֻҪŬһнпܡ
̧һ, ɫɳĬû˵
, ĺ˵ҪҪȥһ͵ףˡ
á
, ʱһƺҲ
صĺþơЦ˵, һҿɲóпڸˡ
ӪصһƧݵ, ֱϯض, ̧ͷܿѤϼ, ӭ洵ķˬᡣ
Ÿƺ΢΢ͷһڣû뵽, ֮꾹ҵһϹʥͷ, ˵ȥҪ˵ӡ
ʥ뿪֮ʵһӪôһȻ˵ʱ̶ĵ, ³ʲôͽЦÿһ񾭡
ȻѾĴǻǺúõϴšأҲ, ԲŻİɣ˵תͷһƿƺĬעԶϦϼգ һҲ˰㣬Ǿ֮ϣΪǿµĴ˵
ĶյĿοҲףԸ
󣬾еľƺ˿ڣ˵ţ
ƺ˵㣬ҲЦˣɷ·Ц˵λˣ´λ˭أ
˵ܼĳλ˵еĴЦ
ˡ˵һˣˡ
˵޽ܶ˶ڰв²ʦʥ½տʥ½磬Ƿʲôش鷢Ϊ˲֪½Ŀ˵ֻǼһ˶ѡ
˶ѡ
˼򵥣˵ȥ޶ŵļ򵥵Ĳټ򵥵ɡ


ջ֮ܵħ棬ųڷս⣬ָҪɽһսһ֪˸ٴλܵϢ޽硣
ϵʿˣˣ
һʱ䲻֪˵Щħʲôִһճȥ˵طаţ˶ز¶Ĵܣħһսġ
аŵɣÿȥ鷳ħ涼ûùӳԣħҲ㿴
λ֪˵·ˣ֪𡣡
֪λĸףƢºͣ³



Ƣº͡
³

ʥ뿪ջʱŽڹʣȫΪֱ˸̨ףӻڽ˻ڣľ˰ҲȫȬ˾ͬһľ
ʦ壬ң߽ڣ˵
Ϸͷŵ̧ͷĿ⿴˵ˡ
հ̾˿˵иϢҪ㡣
ţĿ⿴ʦ嵫˵޷
ʹ˵һħƿӡ

һ£ܿķӦ˵ǣδϢ
ƿӡϹʮħʼеħ棬ƿӡ֮󣬱Ϣ뿪ʧˣûֳκζĵûϢ
޽˶⼸ӡ֮أһʱҲӦ
ճ˼죬˵ܽ
ҲɡĲÿɷգ˵Ϊħ漫ܻ㣬Ҫ׼
һ˵ħȻ£㲻һҡ
֮С˵Ҫ׼
磬ϵʦЦ
Ѿˡ˵ҹ㵽ˡ
ȥ֮ձ㿪ʼ˼ӦħһսԺģ˽ֵ
Ȼ˵ħ治һǻ׼ĺãԷһ
һ죬ħûг֡
ڶ죬Ҳû֡
죬ûг֡


һ·ƽ˾͵ջǷĻֵʱĳ⴫ϤĽ
ɽմǰ̣뱾һս
һϮɫĿƵǿħ棬ڳ⣬
ϤĽɵͷһһ˵ĳ䶨С
ʱվŽȥ
ǽϡ
վڸ߸ߵĳǽϣһ۾Ϳ˳նƮɵħ档
ħͬҲӸʢ˵գ
΢ϸ죬һмЦҲˣ
죬ϼһǱӡɵˡħƷӡʱħˣ˴ħ۵Ŀţǰħһˡ
ħ΢˼󣬱ǰħһˡҲͬħ֪ħ˵󲹵Ѫ֮ˣ˵ҲȷʱΪ񻹻ڱħѪ֮ˣĵ̰ҪˣֻҪѪǣӡʵҲͻָ˰ɣ
ħ桢ħ桢ħ֪Ĵ֮󣺡
λħʱһֺܹĿ⿴ɫԡ
ôħ濴ֵı飬˵Ҫ𣿡
Ϲأ˭ȵ˭ġħϹһ˵ƾ¡
죬λħϱˡ
ħȴǵ˼Եղײգڱȥһգ
ûôϸ͵ģħŵ飬ת˵Ѫ֮˱в֮
޷һ壬кβħ治Ϊ⣬ﻹϹʱɣӲΪȻȥȥͻء
˵գתȥ
죬λħ濴ȥӰһ˲·𿴼˹ȥԼʱ¶۵ı飬ͺܺޣ޲ûصȥʱǸɵƵԼ
Ůжаŵĺܣ
û£


һΪж¡ħӸµųǽվŵգ߰ӡ
ֻЩһȭ
ж£´ͽ̡΢˵ҪγеĽ
νǣԶһֱնħüš
ռ״һνĶһ١
ǰħЦһС
ֳǰһһȻһ󣬶ʱѡ
һ˴ӳڷɳ
°ִۣһĿ꣬Ȼǡ
̫У
ͻȻɳǰİ꣬ʧеڴˣ
ô
¹Ҷ¹ģûв¹ĬԵڵʦ
վˣͬʱӿĻŨŨĵģʦֵͲʺ浥
ðСӡϺսֵħʱ죬ͻȻɱֵˣҲգȻҪѰұȫ㣡
˵գһ̧ŨлΪһڵĽڳһǰ̫նȥ
̫ὣ£ս
·ǽϵգ
ôˣ
һ±ƵĿϿսսҵ̫кħ棬оǲﲻԣ
Ծǡ
̫УΪ
վǰħ潻ֲ·ͷȵ̫У𾪵
̫
Ǻˣ
Բֹڵһʦ

лҪ˵ҵȫشУҡ
ա


217 
Ŀǰкħ潻ս̫, ¶ֲ²⡣
, ԭ̫вмһ˵ħ棬ڽսĹҲ˲ԣ㡭Ŀһ, ǰȻִ̫УΪ
֪ǷΪһ, ̫в, ϵƲϵ, , ˣ󶨸ڴ۷ڣ
۷壡
ռ״Ҳɵѿڶ̫ʵΪǴ۷壡֪޽ΨһΪ۷塣
ʹ, 𣡡
̫еݲԶ
ϵɫһ¾ľˣ²⣬ڵ߸⡣
֪̫ʵǶ֮ԭ˲䵭𲻽޽ս۷壬޽ӵΪһ֮ȨܣħӡʵϹħ֡
ҲͷǼλʦˡնͬս˵
ģ
ĿǰȻִն̫Уµ𾪲٣ӪﾹȻôŴ, һ㶼֪
Ǻ֪
Ժﲻɵظͷ֪
㣬ǽ
ħ濴̫ɢֵĻ⣬ȻǽɫΪȨ֮һ²Ը͹Ļ⣬а֣ħá
ǽĻǵȷԺϹħʼԿ
Ϲħʼ浮ڻ֮УشаֻҪǣад棬ħʼǲҲΪϹʥֻǽӡɱԭ򡣲ǲԸǲܡ
˶һˣȨӺӵеȨܣаħ治ѹơ
ʶ̫ݵħ棬¶⣬һ֮ϣ벻ʱ
ħӷɿתţսˣ˵û뵽㾹ǽ
Цһýһ𣬾£
ǽ仰գ
˭
̫ԼˣǱӪҲ˵Ѻ顣ҲݲһԴСˣǿѹϼһ˵ɣ˭ȵһ۸Сħأ
һڡ
ڱ̫УӺɫûһ˿һĶݣֻϵĶԽԽԽ죬˸ֱ˿﷢
ҵɽգ㣡ħαغ
ش̫ԽĽ
ħ浲һɫŭҲ򡣡
̫ʵжս벻Ͳġ
׷Ŵħ档
п˵


ĿһŹħĲҾ徻棬ħǱѹŴ
ѪħȥǵѪĿ嶢ǰִȻĶ𣬷źݻһսҲС
ձȽֻؽ֮ܣ
˵գħת㳷ˣϾҲ򲻹ֻԣɽڲûա
ߣ
̫ȵȻּ̧һ̣ǰħȥʱһ£ħͷö
ô
סħʱɫ󺧣͵̧ͷͫǴް㣬Զ̫Уʲô
ǡǿɢẒ̌ɽе⹦̣
Ƕİ
칦
뽫ħӡ𣿡˵ܿıµ˶˼
ζܹ׾ٵսʤħ棬ܴһԭù鹦ħʵֵڣһʱָʱǵ֣ҪԸҲסοħ⣬лħ档ʮħ棬⽣ʥ½տʥѾٰڲõĺ졢ħ
ٽһ
⹦ܹӡϹħ𣿡ʵⷨôף
ֻǷӡһΣӦԡ˵ϾǲϹħʼ棬ΪӡһϹ͸شۣ
ħʼô׷ӡܹһý⹦̷ӡħ棬ҲΪħġ
Ŷʱ¶ʧָܹʣµҲӡˣȻûôõ顣
һߡ
ħ汻£ܵϤıӡĸоʱɫȻ˲ҰӡĿ־ٴλع顣۵׾壬ֲ̿ĿȴĶݺݵĵԶ̫С
ħĸ߰ʹöͷġ
б¾סһӣһ
ҶҪܣ
ħ䣬̫жӺޱ仯ֻĬϵ󷨣ѹӡħ档
ۿħ潫Ҫӡ£
һԶ
̫Сաͬʱȥֻǰһڻۣ˳⻬ĳɢŵԵļòʢŨʢݱõ꣬
չڵ۾ǰɫģǽѪһֲϢ

ħ濴ˣг䣬۵ױŷϣĹʡ
ħ
͵һ
ĿɵĿǰħۣԺȴڰ¹Ժ̫þǸСħʱ̽䱸һܵ˵Сħ
̫ˡ
ֱ֮
Щ׾ʲôŻ᳹ͷԵıһȻͬĴڡ
뵽ʷʵ£մܹµʮħʼ½ӡħȺ˽磬⣬ʧȥħıӣֻСħᾭʲô
Ҳģɡ
棬˲пһ顣
ͱǿһ
ǲĿһ㣬ħ΢΢ͷһۣĿ΢΢һЦȻջתͷǰ̫Уɫ˷Ϊϣð˸£ʵ񡣡
¸̧֡ǿȴǿޱȣâ¶
̫вΪܾȻǰƣҪۡ
ȷˡħͬͣսʮ꣬¾Σ
뿪ħͣսʮַ̫꣬У¾Σ
ʮꡣ̫˵Ŀⶢħۡ
£δҲ̫ˣʮꡣħ治ɫּۻ۵
ʮꡣ̫вݾܾ˵ѡȥ
УǾʮꡣħһӦ¡
ǽϡ
Ŀһħħּۻ۵գ
ǡ
Ϊǲг
ʮֻ꣬ҪʮͿһϹħʼ棬˳Կϵ
ħۺ̫дЭ飬Դϲ
ɡ
̫ջ˽⹦ָ̣ɵħ˵Զȥ
̫ˣû뵽徹˽
˵ƫ壡
ѹ֮ǰ졢ħǰĿɫԭˣԭˣ
ҲǣյÿУֵõ졢ħŹͰеĹͷʣ
ħǺڣܺڣ
˺ͺ졢ħ湲ͬжаŵĺܣ
Ҳһտܺ۸󡪡
ŲΪ֪ĲǵĴ


218 
ħħȺȥ, һΣɢճ֣Ҳûҹ͸ϵӪصǼλʦֵĻᡣ
ʦ塣ĵ˵, ˵Ĺ𣿡
Ŀʿ
ȻոĹ, ĩ˵˵Ǽλʦ᲻Ĵһ, ӴʧȥǵΣ
ڨڨ, Ҳֲǰɣ
οԲòأҲϣܹ˽̾˵, ӡϹħʼ˵ʵǰ򵥣ܹǵʦо򣬱ԶľҲҪ󻼡
õķӡ, ʦ
ҲΪ׼Ϊԭ, ϵĽʮ֮˾ŶΪۡ
ա
պĽ̸ʱ, ǰһ̧ͷȥ, ̫С
°۵̫˽, ϢǰȻ, ƾն, Ʈ, ͬ˵˼ˣ߲ʡ
΢΢ͷӰ峺·, ʵҪҪͬߣ
ԶʱһǰϷ̫УģĿרעĿ㲻ϵĻħΧ۹
ԣҪҪ뿪
뿪֮أշʵ㱣𣿡
̫УЦ˵ĺˣӱܲҪģ˱ҵԸ񡣡
ѧ꣬ɲΪΣ֮ͶˣҵĽġն̫ЦͱĻҾͲ˵ˣЩͱ˲ˣƺ𡣡
պԵټɣ
̫Ŀ⿴ã𡣡
ܾˡ
ǲ⣬ӿ˵Щʱ֪ԼŻᱻܾ˵һˣˡ̫˵ЩҲָӦֻǡ
ֻ˵ѡ
Ҫˡ̧̫գüͷ΢΢˵ټ
ɵЦˣŤټǺѧģţټ
ǸóӦˡ


Ŀ̫ԶȥӰʧʲջĿ⣬һתͷͿɫ˼˼ʲôشһģʱһʦ壬ʲô
룬Ŀ⿴˵Ϊ㣿
ǿΣķҽѣ˵
ҵ˼ǣΪ㡣Ŀⶢʵ㵱Ǹúʲô˶ȵΪΣ
Ҳ֪ձʾʵصˣҲһ±أҲأ
ڴ˱Ǻˡ˵ỹһʹʮ꣬ճսʱ̫оͳˣճ˻ƽյľţҰ
պ̫ԴϱΪɴһһأͷϵ޷죬ߡ˽޺ʦϵȺӣ޽ĽʮʮӰ졣
˭֪أ
նԴ˲ܲ˵棬ÿȥʱûԵ޹ʵĺã֪ףҲȥ档
õġ
ĳ˼˻ᣬҲ벻ȻҲգ֮ɣΪֹ
̫лǵ˵԰ڶյеնʬʥ̫Ҳֻһ⻯ؽţײ뿪
˵һ޲


̫оǶʹλϢȻѹȥϢͨĸ֪Ķ֪ˣϾô󶯾ǣħսʮսס
Ϣһ޽ˣ֮ǰʦʥ½տʥ˵ʱ򻹸޽顣ž֪޹ϿɰǣյЧӦȥɡ
ټϵħͣսһֱƣսʿһûʲôɿɲȫȥ
̫ʿɽϾӸ߲µĻ⣬˶˵
ȺʿôеǰҲˣô£ֹʲô鰡յ֪֮˵ȻսˣͺúϢȥΪҲˢԵĺð
ʦ㣬Ҳ̫ȤЩϢҪú氡氡ɱ˼ˡ˷˵յĿǿİŮǵ˷ܼʦ㰡̫У͵ʲôϵ
룬Ȼ˵սѹϵɡ
⣿һʧҲ֪ʧʲôĵʵûΪ֪Ĺϵ𣿡
ա
ҿҴˡ
ûУû˵Һʲôϵǻ᲻֪˴ɱɱʲôϵ
ħɱҲħ
Ϊʲôǣ˾Ӫս˻˵һ۸Ҽʶپ¿ҵĲű顣
ô֪˼Ī⣬ϹЩЩеûġձʵͷۣԷԸȻôУܸȣЩȥʦ塣
Ŷ
ò׽´˳ȥղ˿ǵģˣҪ鷳Թ˾֪Щʲô
˭鷳ˣ
ſںشһ̧ͷȥֻǴҶ˽
ûʲô˵ŴҶʵʦ֣ôˣ𣿡
Ҷ˹ȥţյŵţ˵ʦͻƵļ󣬼ȻѾսǻȥһˡ
ԣճĬ
ͻƽԭǺ££ȴ
һǺͻƽ״ˣҪȥ޲ʿԲ˵û˺ⶼΪȥ
ð֮ղ˵֪ˣһᾡ콫еƽ
šҶ˵ȻãĿ⿴գʵʦã̫
ôտЦʦҲҵ飿
ҿ˵ʲô֪Ŷ֪ĲǶࡣ˵
Ҷ״ƿղʤ䷳ı飬ɵ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ûʲô
˵˼ʦǲǴδ̫
һӪأ·Ҳʱʦֺ̫ȴδɣĿ⿴ŴҶʵʦ֣ǲ

֮󣬡ǡ
˴Ҷ룬ǵİɡ
Ŀ⿴ã˵ʦ֣ȲȾƣ
𣿡Ҷͻ£ɫɡ
սˣż͵޶ϵӪصھʿҲ¡շ˸ۣһ˷ܵϴƾʲô͵ǾͲУ
Ҷ󣬿⸱ֱ׳ҪϢҪ͵ģɵʧЦáݵ˵ġ
Ǿ߰ɣк˷ܣ֪ʦ˺þƣȥ͵ľƺȣ
һ˿С⣬ִ˿صĽƻ
ڴҶ⸱ģǿɰ͵ҪɻµСꡣ
ʦ޵ģš
˭
˵ĽŲ߽ԶԽԽ͡


219 
սеƽ֮, Ҷһȥɽɡ
ɽֵС꣬ɽˮڹ⻬ʯ, ϴȥرߵĲľ, εĿ
ΥĻصţУɵϲȸԾ
ʦ֣ȸԾԴҶ˵ȥտɣ
ҶĿ⿴, ҲȾЦ, á
Ǿ˵ˣպϴδʦ͵ľƻûꡣЦ˵
صźټպʹҶǻá˵, ʦܱչصĶϿ, , ͻڼ, ¾⼸ˡ
Щˡſ, Ȼ, ͻȥúϢһɡ


պʹҶǺ󣬡ʦ֡սе, ԥ˵, ʦ᲻ʦ𣿡
ȴҶ˵, Թ˵֪˵ûϢԵĻϣȥ, ʦ𡣡
Ҫ˵ԵĻҶͷüĿͬʦҶϣ˵ֻһʦ𣬶ϣúõġ
ҪȥǣԸŵǡ
ʦʵҲôİɣһѪָҲôģȴ˵Լܹ𣿡
ʦ֣ҪҵġҶԲգ˰ͷ
Ҫ

ǺӱչضϿۣһձһŨĳ̿ʵ磬춯Ͽۣ׽ѹ۶ǼٵԤף
ɽ¶춯סĿ⣬׷׸壬ܷɹɽٽˣŶǴ¡ǳɹɹɽɱһǲܡ
պʹҶһ͸ϵ˶⣬ǲҿ̫ⱻٲҲվλã˽Ŀⵣǵǰ
ʿɽգΪԽԽΣգ޽ʿ֮£жٻٳٲһֹڻǺαչؽͻȻա
ҲȺϵ˶ɫأǰѱѹĶ
أĴŴڴ򿪣һϮɫ۵ǺӴӶ˳ɫƽ޲̬ݶд⡣
ԹߵĽŵǣԵùڵˡ
һ֣ѹ˲ڣûһ˿Ψɼڷϵ⡣
¡
һ죬һٰɱ
ֱֱǺϣž޲һ׽١
ڶ



Ѿٵ׽٣ҲȥֻǰǸǱվ׽µˣڱ䣬ã嶼˺ۣȴɱͦվţųһԿ٣
֮ͣη޾壬Ͼԡ
һܵ٣ʱ׽ٹħ١
Ǻӵħٹú˳ħƳһ̣ڱƸǵգ͸һ˿һʱɢؼĺڰֳ
Ƕɽ֮콵󣡡ɽŵɫųЦݣüͷչһɵϲ󣬡ȺңһĽٺ񡣡
ǺӵĴһƬ޾Ǻǳ׺Ӿ죬ԡ
Ǻ޾ཻӳ
ʦ𣡡
Ǻԡݺæɱ˹ȥǺǰе
աǺӿĿƽܵѾȫָҲָ£ҶֶԽϵĴҶ
ЩҲûСǺӿյΪ˵ˡ
ϲЦտ࣬࣡
˻ǿԼŬģʣµĻڽȫ˳ʥЩˮˮڰѳ˵⣬ҲûʲôġСֹ
ǺĿ⿴
ȿȣ˵ʲôû˵ձĿ⿴·飬ַ·ױʦץ顣
ǺҲƽЩֻ˵Ȼˣʦͽ˺úþһۣҲδ̸ˡ
գ
֪Ϊʲôһ̸ģ͸ое㺦¡
ԣҵںʲôأͻȻ˵ɻʲôأ
Զ
մϲףߣλȥһûдǰ۵ʦͽˣתԵļλЦǺǵ
һܾˣյ飡
Уģ飬Цűܸܵϲʤ
ҹ
ͥԺͤڡ
սЩڷӪ﷢飬ЩҪĺǺ˵һ飬ᵽħսǰ̫ħһսʱհ˼̫У̫ôǶأ
ΪʲôݴӪһʮꣿʲôĿ𣬻˵еûţշѽ
Ǻӿɫ̲Ŀģ˼ȻѾ뿪ˣ㲻Ҫٶ롣ĿʲôҪϵ鲢жҪٸס
ԵĴҶĺžƣ˵ʦʦãžͺá
аɣ̫оҲᣬħأ˵սʮꣿħΪΣ
ħսô꣬һͣͣʵڿЦսʲôʲôվÿɱˣ˵Ĵս˱ˣĸû˺ӣû˵ʦûͽܣʧȥ˰ˡ
ֻħһսͣˡ
սǲǽȨΪĿķֶΣսΪ˴ĿģսȻǺɫƽ˵ħͻȻսбԵɣʲôȥ̽
˸˾ְֻҪԼ飬ıֱɣر̫ࡣǺĿ⿴ǻҫŽĹ󣬡գ̫ˡ
£ú˯һɡ
ͷ·ħһ㣬ͷ̲ס𽥵ձ۾˯˹ȥ


ڶ죬ʱ򣬷ԼڷĴϡ
ʦֱһİɡϣɫ˼Ȼˣֱ˯ȥˣ̫иˣ
ա
ȵ뿪ǰʱǺӺʹҶ絽ˣѾǺк
ȻվڵҪѾƣʵʵ߹ȥѾ
ȥţ˴Ѻ󡣡Ǻ˵ֵǳʱڣݲ䡣ΪʦպչعΪΪȶǰ󡣡
˲ѾЩ࣬ð֮Ӧš
պǺӱչء
˴αչأǺӻһʱ佫Ϊȹ̣֮ϤҶն֮󣬱㶯ǰ
Ǻ뿪֮Ҷ֮󣬾طӪء
ֻʱսѣַǽСմǱɽʱ˵սһղһձ㲻и
ɽԱ㲻ٶ˵ʲôֻǶˣأСġ


ĵʮ꣬ħͬ졢ġλħ棬Ǳ޽磬ƻϹħʼ֮ױΪħʼħķӡų
ħƷӡһգиУֹʿ̼乲űݱ겻ͣˮɽбаؼٲȻ֮ơ


220 
Ϲʱħɢɳ, ħʼ˴˲໥ɵ, ֱħļıԺշ˸ħʼ, ħͳһ, ԷħԴ˿ʼħ峤ǧսū塣
ħʵ, ϹʥΪӡħΪ䣬شۣħķӡͬλħʼ, Ҫ⿪ħķӡ׼λħʼͷѪǧΪ, Ʒӡ
ͬ˵, ̾˿Ǵˡ
ʱʥ͵ĻıԺоãʵ˸Ϊ˷ӡħҲΪ˷ֹ˽⿪ħķӡɷѿġħʼ߰Ŀ, ໥䱸Ҫ׼ͷѪǧΪȥƿħķӡѡ
ϿΪ˷ֹħҲΪԲ޽λˣû뵽λħ۾Ȼܹ˵Щħʼ棬ͬ׼
, ˵ӧ죬ģ
һλ˭Ŀ⿴ʵ
ħۡ˵Ļ϶µĲ²⣬ħ˿ħʼΪ׼ԼͷѪǧΪ˷ӡͷħ
ʲôϳ˼ɫʵ
룬ħΪҪӪħջ˵Ǹ𣿲ħ֮ûνĸ飬ǿʳħŷ
ħۼʼַ֮ۺţΪҪӪħԼͷһϴ󣿡˵
ʲôıɣⲢǹؼĲΪħΪҪӪħҪҪħѾԵƲεȱ仯պħ֮սֻкӰ죡
üֱҪħΪҪӪħԺﲻɵظǸоСħЩʲôҪʲô
ħʱиаǧֹħػɡ߽սȴǲ£޷ħֻȥ˵̾
Ϊ˽ػ֮ħʼһӽԴĴڣΪս۷塣޷ħκβʿܡ
ܹͳħϹħʵ£ĵ¶ļɵ;ηҵǣħ֮δٶѲ⣬㼣ʧ
Ҫħһʳǳأ޽綼Ҫִ̿ҡ
ΨһֹģҲֻеˡ¶Һοǻе𡣡
δսʤħҲδ䣬ʵ൱˭Ҳκβ˭
ȴĬû˵Ǻ£ȴҲǻ£૵̫ˡ
ʲôûĻʵ
ûʲô˵
޽ΨһĶԸħϣһ⣬Ǳ㡭


ֵսڣȻħ޽ֲ̿𽥵̬ķƽ˾Ҳûгʲôħжɱ˵¼ɻֲ̿ҲѹȥתΪµİӿ
ϾҪģնѣҪȥġ
ǸսȴѾڲϵĶڱǿս߷䣬ԭݼٵʿҲӵսǰӪأΪս׼
սڣ̵ϢȴսŨ
սҲÿУæ̫뿪֮󣬺ܶҪΪȻܸɣű黹ѷһǰ̫ڣ̫иһ飬ˣֻԼȥ
ʱ򣬾ͲɵЩأ
æýŲմصʱʿǰͨͷλԳ˵ǰݷá
ͷд̧ͷĿ⿴·ʿɤ΢ʵߺˣ
һԸӡʿ
һԸӣ
һĪ¶ʿ˵ǽ
Ƭ֮
нŲԶ˽Ӫڡ
ҵһᣬһеδдһ߷ܱʼд飬һͷҲ̧˵ܿġ
һЦǳºʹЦ˵
ʼʱһ١
̧ͷǰȥֻǰվһһꡣ
ڷݿżԼֻһϮۣºЦ⣬ȥʮƣ˫ȴ˿Ц⣬顣
࣬һϮ˵ɫۣȥ۵ĳĬ꣬ɲʢݱµõ˫ħڵûյǿϣĬվǸЩͨꡣ
ͷ·ɳ㣬Ŀ⿴ųĬħۣ
Ȼ˻Ǹϲͬһ棬ҲãҲãԱ˴˺ܹעħЦſڵ
תͷĬһ£Ȼʵͷɫ𣿡
ħһ㶣ȻЦСС㣬ǳϣ
ƽ֮⣬ǰλӰ޺Ů
㵱ڡҡǰνأˡҡһѹħЦ˵һһҳϡ
֮ǰռ֮ķӦ𾪿־壬֣̿Ƿŭ𣬺ɱҲǹ߸ɴŵɪɪתܣ
֮ˣڴ־ЩζȤ಻ˣһ۾ܿ͸
ӴȺУôϵļһñȳ࣬ñЩӡʿ˵ȥţħڱӡ񣬷ǶȤڿʼǣȻָǼȤ塣
վ⼫С
ֻ˲ͬ⼫ҲǼΪġ
֪ڷӡг߲֪ϦϦ֪¸ħĳһձʶͻȻǶμѵʱһ˲±ƺʹԵĿհףʱı˿ħһӢ٣ȴȵġ
Ҳʱ򣬱ñӡߵħ˹޾ĺڰӡУʼϵĻľЩˣͬ塢֡ˡ
ȻǶζļ侭ҲӹΡ
μˣҲȤ
ԭΪҼҲʧ뵽ʱô졣û뵽еĸȤҺãħЦеĶǰŮ˵ƺһ˺ܴķһ㡣
տｫΣճ̶һȼǾᱻ⸱ºͺ˵׸ƭģһ﷽ǻ˼ǣʧ˵Ļɱɣ
һû䣬ǺǰһΣհ

ħ̾˿־Լһںڵķβ״ƿյ嶼̫Сˣҵڲͬķɫ;ֵشУá
̫ߵˡħЦеĿգ˵Աͻ˸ɫôһķɫǲǺܺÿ
ա
ջشԹԵؼ˵˵ķɫǲ̫Щ
ֻкɫأһɫ
գ
ǲ֪߲ɱء


221 
Ŀⶢħ죬ʵĺڷħʣ
, ħ, ˵Ҫô˵, Ҳ޴
ôİɡպ, ڿ, һڣһὫķɫɫ߲ͷ, Ӯ
ħ¶, ӮˣΣ
ӮˣǱħ֪, Ŀġ˵˴ħ֮սΪΣ
ħ, Ц˵ΪҪ󡣡
տҵ, Ӧ𣿵̽ǵĿģıԲߡ
Ӧˣħ˵, ϵɫȥ²ǸȤ˰㣬иҪһҪԡ
ĿĿһۣתһ, ̽鱨ôȥɽԼģҲûʲôɸ˵ģͷӦԡ
ħһħߵСβͣ޶޵ġ


Ϊ߶ݵжĿĲΣСβͣմӪԷҪй¶ȻҲûʲôй¶ģħħȼĴԣʵĲѹһУκμı
̬ȻҪڳģھ´Ӫ
ԭ⣡
ȥӪصʱĺʵк£
ʵʵҲסģһʼ˵ˣʵʵ˵һ顣ֻǰʱɫŲ豭ֶģˮ˳㡢㡢ôô³ç
аգĿⶢ˵費Ҫ
ҡҡͷ˵أг㡣
дá̾˿еĲ豭˿ڣȻ²豭˵һȥɡ
˵գЦһ˵˵˵йŰݷãû뵽ˡ
ǹˣǵ˰
ǲ֪ս֮㣬Ǹ˵
֮Сġ

ı֮ձİõĴħħ뿪˾Ӫһ·ŷȥ
˳֮Զ˷ǵĵؽ磬ħǰһ°Ȼ֮˷ܵգ΢۾ʵδ
ǣԥصȻ²˵ʱĵʱ˵ǵĵ޹£ƽĵΪһ⡣
ȥǿĵħʵ
԰

մħħǿĵǹ˸飬ĵͣȥƳǿٲֱǧߵɫٲͻӵƳ˳˵ɫ뿪Ƴ֮ȥɽǣվڸ߸ߵɽ֮۸İߣĺڰʳޡ
˾ݴ½һǳأݳǡ
˵ʳ¥ĲرóԣҵˮݳóԵġһߣһ߶Եħħ˵
ħϱ鲻ÿɷĻһ·֪˶ٻء
տı֪Щʲô˵˵𣿡
ѵÿ˵Ĳʵ𣿡ʣƭ𣿡

ħĬյĿ£ò˵ûС
һ·ϣǼʶŮ˵Ѳ
һ·ϵľʱ˳ܲд
ⶼѪĽѵ
һħһİĬ֪飬ܹʹ˫ħ뵽һȥǸĬĹƧꡣ
ʳ¥֮
Сǰк˲ˮҪʲôˡ
Ҫʲôǰλ޶ͬĿ⿴ǡ
㡣ħĻشԡ
⡣ħԼ˵
תͷͶС˵
ϣ
֮С뿪
ûϵ𣿡ħĿ⿴ۺЦ˵Ѿʮȥʣ¼ʱ䡣
ʱ䲻̫Եͷ˵Ȼ̾˿ֵǶݵģֻҪһ뵽ɽˮĿʱϾҪˣͺȻúѹ
ħ
ĿĶǰ̾ƺΪڼеѹŮӣݼĻôҲ̫ˡ
ħ뵽ǿ̫ˣƭˡ
֮ЦˣȤʵѾͷòֲ˼񣬰¸˰ɣ
۾㻹ǵ֮ĶԼ𣿡
ǵãǵأ˵
ʱͲҪ˵Щˣʱͺú氡ɽÿˮ壬ʳóԵģ˶Ȥβϧ˵ҰɱɱǸϲɽˮ£ʳ
̧ǰħЦʵأһ·Ǿˣ
ħ۾Ŀ⿴ò֮󣬵ƻѾͷ
Ϊƾ̶ֳȾܹ˵

ζ˵
ʱ򣬲ˡ
԰ɣ㲻
ճ˿ڱɫˮ㣬ùȻ鴫ħҲһӣҲͷ˾䣬ȷ
һԵħԵļǰ⣬ռ״ĵļһӵ⵽
ħǰ⣬üͷٳδ
һ£ô֪Ͳϲأտ˵֮Ҳֲᷢûеôأ
ħ̧ͷɫãŵͷÿӼǰ⣬üŵˡ
ǲǻտı飬Ц˵ҾãҪʲô£ݲ

֮
š
һӦ
ǰɣЦ˵ʵҲûô𣿡
˵ٷ֮
ҹǾЪ°ɣ˵ħħ˵ʱ仹ʣգڴ˶ɹӰɣ
ħν˵һ㡣
Ǿɣһ˵
ħİϵЦЦʣգʱɱޱӣɲǳ࣬ˡ
Це˵ɣҲᡣ

ߣᵹҪʲôУ
ħĿⶢĪ⡣


ա
һ磬վ˸硣
һ²˷ܵĴ򿪷ųȥȥħķ⣬ȻţƬ֮ſˡ
һϮɫ۵ħ۴˳̧ͷվŵһۣȻסˡ
°ͷӦܺãʮ֣
߰ɣȥħ˷ܵ˵Ȼ󲻹˴㶲ħķӦֱקסԱߵħȥ
ͻȻŮץסֵħ£Ŀ⿴Լס֣˰ջûѣŮקܡ
ħķ⣬ͣ£ɿħ֣Ȼ̧ߵ˷š
ħԼɿ֣ȻĬջ֣СĵĲ˿
ߵߵߵ
Ƭ֮󣬷Ŵˡ
һϮɫۣɢħ˷ţ̧վŵգסˣ㡭
ô˷˵ÿ𣿡
ħǰŮ˷ڴɫĿӷβɺ𽥱ϵͷԼ˫ˮɫڹȥĴһð֮󣬲˵
ǰɣŮϵͷʯ
ǲħţħҲûнɫյΪ˴ǣ׼ľУ
ħ۾Ŀ⿴ð컺˵ǵĶԼǣһķɫɫ߲ͷס
ֻһ㡣
һЦΣ²Ʋȥ
۾úÿ硣


222 
ħŴ϶ͷȻϵķɫɫˣǹһȤĻ, ת, ôģ
ȷʮ, ճԺȫˣǲ, Ƿ񻹼ǵöԼ, ⵹һϲЦȻС, Ƥӵ»ܸô, ˿δȫŪһ
ôģ
ܼ򵥰
ںħ¶Լĵգһҩȵİ³, һ֮ںΪȾΪͫĩˣڶʮƲݵȾͫ, صīصǿغ޽δͰΣ
Ҳ˵³ʱյʱĵ, ޶ƳȾͫҲ˻
С֪ʶ, ݵĶ³һȻɲ˵ģϱţֱӾҩȹҩȹҹһɽţϵĻܽһ¾, ҵڸʲô
ʹ֪Ϣɽţֻһ仰ԽΪʵ
ҩȹ
ͲССȾͫô͹غ޽δΣˣ
Ȼ±ãȻ⣬ȻҲûвĵҩȹԽӴĶҩȵ²ҹӰӵ㣬ڶʮ˰ݵȾͫҲɹʹī
ǵһ׶Ρ
īյֱ֮ӽȾͫתռվͬʱҪʱȫֱҲɡ
ǵڶ׶Ρ
׶ξգͬ޽˰ǰʮˡǰʮǿߣͬʱȫֱֱͬռһȾͫĲԺƹ㡣˺ǿֱĲһһµӵŮͬʱͻšµƷشһƿ
ʮǿߵĴСֹǰٷַݵȾͫȫ
ֵ֮ʿһͷʱֵĳȻϷɫͫħá
գҵĹ


µļ죬ħħŲڿջսôֻô
гԵơ
СȤħ˫Ÿֻǹ۵ζʮ㣬ħֻͬ
տȻǱֻס˵ħħۣ룬ܺãħ꣬Ƶóѡ
ôԼǷӦøңǵĿģĿⶢħ˵
ħеֻ£̧İϵɫѲ⣬֪
š
֪ΣħЦһ
޹أԸķ䡣նЦмһţĿִſ
ħĿ⿴֮˵̫ƫ塣
ħ֮ǰͳƬؽȴձԶ⣬СȴƬصף䲻
᲻ҪȡȸõõģħҰĺͰ¶ᣬȻ
Ŀ⿴ã󻺻ȣƽ֮˵סħȺԣӵǿͷצħǲ
Σħ屻⣬˵ʤΪΪܣ˵㣬ȡħڴŰȺ壬ħ֮һ²Īࡣħ̫أǷɶѡ
ħЦһֺħк𣿲һħ
ɴˡղͬҡͷ˵֪Ϊλħ֮ΪµףΪС
Сɾյ֮λԳСֻһֻҰèһҲˡûзצҲûǿǣӵеĵֻһŲͣࡣ
һ̶̰ꡣʿһ۲ϣ߲ʤܵõ޼ʬ£һ⻯Ϊࡣʿ䣬һΪ졣
ȡ֮أս黹ء
Ŀ⿴ǰĪħ˵ħأη쾴أħ
һգƱػ֮ա


֪ʱħеֻĿⶢˡ
֮
ԣ
ħϵɫȴǻ˼֣ûзŵĮȻ
ȻԼѷֳʤµĵվ˵СѾͷ᲻׳԰׺㣬žģҪδ㣡
˵գֽһŶ
ɴ򿪿
ħֻҲ뿪Եʱ򣬵ô򿪿
˵գħ뿪ˡ
յͷеţԥ˰ִ֮Ŵ֮յͫ͵һ
дȹһսʤδ֣ʵ˺¡һ󣬳ϫսʤˣӦս񣿡
һս飡
ħս飡
¾κϯħ롭Ͷ˾սħ


223 
ս飬ֻǧ, ƮƮսɽԺＸʶ, Ѹٵı㽫׸
ҲΪħôһս, ޷ħĲħƸ, ħջعħͳʣֲ˵Ҳս, ôʿȥսʤ, ҲԪˡ
һԾⳡħ֮ս, õĽ
ǰǣӮ
ˡ
һ䲻𣬲ս
ޱ̵ʶһ, ţҵӦӦͳȥ
λرСħЦһҲ˵⡣


ħħ뿪˿ջ֮, ûħ򣬶תȥ˳
һҶꡣ
붹ֱڶǰ, һһǽһǼ˽ͺŴл
͹ϣ
ħð״ҨһմȾǽĶ, УڼǽĸŶĴڿǻǻζֻ㾫ϸĳʳħζ˵, ӵ֮˼롣
Ҩ׶пպǲƷζҲǼ°ɣ
ħһԲϵĴƿӴףζֱħ鶯ӣӵδҲ̫˰ɣħɵ˵ͼȰ㹻ˡ
ħƿĶֱͣƿһ룬ͣ¡
ħ
СӵζǲǱˣ
Ŷһ붹ףֻᣬɻа
˵꣬ЦˣСǺԵħͬϲһЩϡŹֵĶ
ħĿʢЦ⿴Ƹͷлᡣ
ħӵֶһ£ȻԱߵĴƿ
ϲδҲ̫˰ɣʱ˹Źֵϲãħ
뿪֮
ħȡһϽ𻢷飬뻢һ
ȻͳôܺħĻ㲻Ҫˡ


վսϽ¹شܵø֪ͷġ

⣬ս޽ܸ߲Ҳɽս벻ս۲ݡ
˭޷ֻԥٳδ¶ġ
ԣλܾȥʹɶϣտǰɽţ˳Զԣ⻹һμȺ޽ôɴأ
ɽмΣȴȻ˵ǸţԵɵϣܴͣ
аɣ˵ܾͲܣǣΪȥţʵĿ⿴ǰɽţܾǸ˸ӡ
㻹˭ɽŷʵŲħתȥ𣿡
գ
аɣ˵ʲôʲô
ղòӲͷƤ
գʹ
ҪҪ𣬻ͨվڻֺɵĶʹ⣬פعŵʿ˵
ڴݵƬ̡פعŵʿתȥͨˣƬ֮ȥ
ո߽˶ʹİȣ̨ףһͥԺغ޽һͤԶԶأ㿴ͤһˡ
۾ǰͤڵȺʿ˵
ˡյлǰ߽ͤ
ͤ
۾սе
ͤһϮ°Ƴۣڷ׺ڵĶ̧ͷĿ⿴ŷϴŰ׵ߣסϰֻ¶һ˫ں
죬ȴ¶˿ֻɽգ۾
һۣջĿ⣬Լ˵峺䵭
˹ȥǰ£ȡеŷϣֱħҽ۾С
ԿϵţȻš
Ȼأûˣ
գ
ǣ۾ⷴӦû˵ȷˣǸ磬Ͱˡ
յ˰Ҳûеڶ仰òӲͷƤ㲻򿪿𣿡
ɽź޽Ⱥǻȥأ
̧һۣȻţ򿪡
۾ΣռţС̽ʵ
ţԼ˵ҪսǱս
ա
ǣ۾Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ô;ĺ𣿲ҪǶ޽δĶԾ
ĺ
кλҪ˵Ŀⶢʵ˵޷
ûСհ²ȥʲô˵սֲ¸ġ
˵޽ȺǶ޷ϣǹҲΪⳡԾǲǣﶼ𼫴ܻӦս
Ϊǿ߶ԣս飬Ҳơ
вңӦս֮
ѶϣΪ֮
ᣬ޽ȺӦѾʼﱸıսӦԺͷˣʤⲻһ̸
õ˶׼ţս˵Ŀıɣ׼뿪Ƥµ۾ҪҴŸħ𣿡
ȥ𣿡ʵ
롣ʵش
ħħ˵֮ǲҪˡ
´Ϊж˼ңѧŵ㣬ѹեµӣ˵ľ㣬ţ
ǰ˾䣬֪̫еѿɺã
̧ںĪӶ˰죬Żã
ЦǾͺá
Եټ
˵գתȥ
뿪˶ʹɽɵ·;У²ɵ㯣̫к͵۾ǽȻͬˣԸ졣
Ҳ֮૵粻˵Ͳ˵㡣


շɽɣ֪š
ɽ󣬲ⶫľ˵ˣȥϢɡ
գħսϢ㴫޽磬޽һƬȻ
Ĵ£ȻҲ⡣
ħһսӮȻԴϲƱ㲻
⻰Ƿϻ˭֪ܲ㣬Ҫսˣ˵ЩûҪֻԼʿҪŵ𣡵Ǿʥһ֮һ֮ң
׿ۣ¶ԣûд˾սħսնҪħһսģⲻˡֻǰһսǰԡ˫ʧأھһս¾ʤ


ˢձ鶼֧һսģ˵ԾսĽǣԻǱģΪҪսǱսʿ׻ѪɱδǺսηս֮
뵽˴Σ㲻ɵЦˡ
ĻϣΪ֮Ŭ˱㹻ˡ
Ϊħһľսõ޽һεķڰ޽綼˻սУսʿ߰νȫս
޽δһսȫѹ˶һϣսֻʤΪˣ޽ڴ뷽跨Ҫ߶սʾ֭
Ҳ˱ɽɵŽȥ


224 
յڵʱ, ɽ⣬һİʿ, šе
ʦֶˡɽЦǺ˵, ȻָԵλİʿλɽׯׯ˳
˳ȥ˳Ҳڿ, Ųһ˳Ц˵
ˡտ
ɽׯĳׯλһʦɽ˵
һ, ܲµΪǰˡ
ϹʱħŰ, ħͳħսɱϹʥΪħ֮ӡħȺ, ֶ֮˳˵, ߳ʥУаħһħаĵһ
һβΪ֪ϹأʧµĲ׺ɣ, ֻҪǷ, ػºۼ, ǡʱʺϵ֪
ʷһջᱻؼա
տŹ˳˵, ʥ˳ֵһħս཭ħڳʥ˵һ£ձӡ
һԴ˳˳ʥ彣նħаħѪ֮׵ҵһ֮ơ
˳ʥ˵õһԴҲ䲻˵ͬʥһˣҲ˵ӡĳصȴԵˡйεһϢѱ档
𽥵ģһ˴˵е档˳Ŀ⿴˵ŵһУˡðɷһۣ
Եǿԡ
˵ǰڴɫĻ֮Ȼ񣬸оѹе˴һôһѾɫνжʧ͡
еǱһ㶼Ǵ˵ô׵ĵһͻȻоЩò֡
ȫ
˳ĿĿһڴ

ð֮ղӲͷƤǱһȡ˳ˡ
׽ڽۣⳤ磬¡ǵһûˣ˳һ˵еĵһľˡ
գ
ܿôࡣ
Щأ˳侲֮˵Ŀ⿴գǸһЦи֮롭
飬մܲµҪ˵ʲô
뽫һ£֮±ؽ޸
ҴӦˡ
·ġ˳ɫмִ㶻زգ˵Ӧˣ
ţҴӦˡ˵Ź˳ɳ罫Ҫˡ
ǰħڳʥ˵ĵһ¡
תתħٴҲ͵һɣֽҪˡ
˳֣صĴнӹһزУ
Ŀ⿴ƽ˳ĵһҵίˡ
ôȥʹɡ


˳ŵһҴȥ
ֻʣɽնˣ۾ѱչأΪħľսǱ˵Ϊˣ۾ٻڵǾ⻯
նʬʥնƶʬΪ⻯̫бһ߻
ջػΪԲ
ϴȥʹʱǶ𣬲δ̫У²ɵЩ㯣ʼվû뱾ǲһģ㱾ӵлм䣬Ҳǲͬġ
ӵ뷨ˣƺֻһˡ
޽磬ʿǽ뱾ΪͬһˣӵлһУǼ仹нԿһ£ǱΪͬһˡ
Ըһ²ɽſ˵
ҵҸġ˵


һʱת˲
˳ھսǰһ޲ɣ޲գ˳ǰȥɽׯһոµĵһ
ոԼǰȥ޲ĵһûϳʼȻХڽɼˣ˸ϵǳǳɫ·Խ۰䣬ӽʱ»ԼѪɫ
ʿյĿ仰ڵһǡ֡ոпɽׯʵ
˳ɫָܻӣ̶ȡ
ҪĻδһź
Ҫʲô̧Ŀ⿴ʵ
ûʲô˳Ц˵⣬Ҫǰʹһ۾ϣҪһȥ𣿡
ˡվܾһ顣
ʵû飬ֻǲȥѣȥôأ粻ȥ
ܾ˹˳ҲΪ⣬ֻǵǿϧˡ
һ˾ս֮ǰ޲ɹⳡսʤʣ޽綼Ϊ֮һ񣬻Ҫʿ׳ƵԵʣ޽ܲδһĴڣڵһʹգ޽綼֪˶֮аħһ
չ˳ĳʥˡһħ֮ԨԴ£Ҳϴˡ
һȻˣֹͷĪ⣿
һпħаħڵһ£۾ĵһ绢֮ħǼΪ
û뵽һȻĴڵģǴ˵


˵һǴɽģز¶ޱ¶ӵд˵еȻŲã˷
Ҫҡ
Ҫҡ
Ҫҡ


սŵһĹ⣬ֻһѣĳЦΪȶȣĶ㣬۾ķͷ˴롣
ʰҡͷ
գ
㵱밡
ڽڣżȻõһʱ򣬿ûн졣տЦһڤڤ֮Уעɣ

ս֮գڶ
ϫ
һϮ°Ƴ۴׺񷢹ڣڵĶֳŵһڳϫ֮ϡ
պʹҶɽվԶս棡
ĿⶢǰϵĶ𣬺
ôˣɽعͷʵ
ûʲôҡҡͷĿǶԶĶ֮ǰûע⣬ڿӰǲЩϤ
һ۾ħվɽŶպʹҶ˵۷ʥֻһ֮ңĴܽսպʹҶΪֱನˣɽ˶
õġ
š
պʹҶӦ
֮⣬ɵʿԶսһսǣ޽˵ҡ
Ƭ֮
ħͬħ졢λħ
졢λħڿϵĵһʱ˲ɫԭĸ߰Ŀ³ʱסʧеһ
еһ


225 
ϹʱĸħûʥõһڵĦ, էһʱһμһ, ֱЩħӰ, ձʥ˰ڵĦĲʹ䲻ӿͷʱЩԭĿ³߰˵ħɫ
ħĿ⿴Ŷеĵһ, ЦΪ˵, ǵһ
⸱̹Ȼɵ̬ԹЩˡ
Űڵסϰֻ¶һ˫ں, Լ, ´ͽ̣
ħЦͬγİ˽ʱһХ峤, ϶֣ڲ𣿡ָḧЦ, Ʊػֻӣ
˵գ㽣ǰָ򶫻, £Сģ
Ļ, һɫէֱǰĶԭվħħҲ׷׺ˣս, طڳǶˣԶս
ͬԶսĻ޽ʿǣա
ĿһգգĶǰҽսĶħˣɫأеʶսȭԼû˿̻ˣеҪΪš
ҲԼڳϣɡ


ħһսսҹĻ潻սͬˮ𣬻á
ƺƴ󣬾춯أ䳱ϫɣԶĵֱӱƽⲻէգ춼ڵסˡ
ǣȴʼƾУ˭Ҳ޷ʤһ
սҹĻʼ޷ֳ¡
ֱ˾ƣ
Ƿֲʤˣǿϧվ͵Ϊֹɡħһȴ˿ӰķȣѾЦݣָϵµѪɫĳȥһأҲһɼǵѪۣЦȴǰЦⶼûУǰͬǱĶ𣬡һĽ죬ͬڴ˵սһΣ
ĿĿݱһԲֻ˽תԶȥ
ս˼
ܿģħҲתƮȻȥ
Ȼǡƽ֡ɽ˵ƽ֣
һȻǰսʿ׷˽ƽ֣ɲ
ŶЩղսɿ³һüͷƽ֡ȷ̫
ƽ˭ûϵġ
ܿģһսĽ㴫˳ȥըһƬ
Ȼƽ֣Ĳ

Ǻܲ
һƬĲʿ˵λĵҽ⵽ﲻˣ˵۾δܵʤʵźƽֵĻҲûôɣλһƬǡ
̫ˣⳡȻƽ֣³ɾͲˡк˸͵ЩϹħʼ汻ӡ꣬ƷӡʱʵʱʱƣǵΪս𽥻
һǰħƷӡʱδջػʵȫδӵеһĵ۾ƾв¡һ󣬵۾Ϊһսչһ꣬ջлΪ۷壬еһ绢ȴƽ֡
֪һħΪƱһؾ磬һʱڵ۾ΪϿû̫ĸı䣬һʱ̫ˣ
޽ʿ˵ԭ
СƱƵҿ۾ͲӦһս
ֻ㲻˵ˣʱܲӦûйˣ̰ˡۣʿ˼ȥսӣʧܣ


֣չص֪ɽлƫɽУ԰ܡ
ࡣ
һսʤ沢󣬵Ƕ۾ɽһս޽ʿȻ²ǳüȴڻжУͼҳʤĸӳʤ㡣
Ŭ󣬱㲻䡣
漣˵İɣڲܺ;еıΪ漣Ļ䡣
˵ҫۡ
վ߳ͤȥ

塣
ոջص壬ӭײ˽ŲҴҵĹ˳ѣ˳Ŀ⾪ϲĿҪȥ㡣
ԣ˵ׯѰҺ£
ǰʹһˣȡһ˳˵Ϲţĵһֻӳ߰˷ʵٴμ
ջǵһ֪Ѱкιϵɻ˵
˳ЦЦǵһĽȡصһǰȥ
ͲˣҼȽˣȫȨҡ˵
˳ȴǼֵôУһ϶ҲѰɣ
գ
ﱸĵһòûС
˳ҪպһǰʹƾֻܲôӦˡ
ǰʹ·ϡ
۾µ𣿡˳ʵתͷԵϱζ
һû뵽ͻȻǳʵشδ
𣿡˳ʵ
˵
ô棿˳۾˵㲻뿴µ𣿡
ΪҪ棿ʵкκÿġ
ð죬˳ſֹ㻹Ѹ㡣
ʹ
˶ʹ֮󣬿عŵ˳֮˵ׯ۾ѵȺá
ͷǰ·˳˵
ׯǰ·
ա˳̤붫ʹڣŹǰߣͥԺһľ֡
޽һéͤһϮ°׳۵Ķͤڣһ㣬̧ǿȥ¶˸Űߵӣںڳ
˳ŶŴߵСֹ˾䣬Ǻ
תͷһۣ˳ѸٵĻָƽˬʵЦ̤ͤڣ߹ȥڶǰˣһ߹ȥ
ˡ˵һ䣬Ȼȡһڶǰ
˳תͷһ롱Ķ˵ԭ
֣һջء
ջ˽˳ظЦյˣһ
Ψвˮ˵
ûϵоơ˳һ˵ϵˡ
ȻͳһƺȡյڵǰյҲˣ
գ
Ԥı
뵽ʱ·Ϲ˳˵Ļ¶Ŀ޵ĿþƺĹ˳һۣҪ¼
һ˳ǰĶľյﵹˣתԵյ˱һһĸ˸
գ
ȷˣҪ£
󣬹˳Լıﵹˣյǰ˵һ
̧һۣյٱιߣһֻԼ̧Կڴǣ΢΢ͷ¶޳Ĳһ
ãˬ˳İе
գ
ע⵽˳Ȱ˺ȾƣԼеȴǵξδմ
𽫾յ£̧ͷ¶һ˫ں峺һſƺҪ˵Щʲôȴ΢أ峯ǰһᣬ飡һ˵ϡ
ա
ˣˣ
Աߴ˳˷ܵ


226 
һĿɿڴſϵĶӶ⡭һ
ҷѾ˼Ū, , ɺҲҪһԵĹ˳˵
̧, һޱĿ˾, Ͳµ۾֮ŭ𣿡
˳һν˵, ֻҪܵù졣
ա
ƤƤƤȵƤ
㲻𣿡˳תͷһʱ·ϵ, 㲻֮µúģ˵벻ĽŶ, Ĳ𣿡
òʡ£ĵƿߣַŻȥ, ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬲ᱻŶ˳յ˵
˳ĻǰȥĿ˶òʡ´Űߵ, ԺظվսʱңʱĪϤ, ʱеǾ䡰桱Ϳ˺ˡ
ҪĻ;Ŷ˳ħһٴ, һ͸ˡ
ĿⶢŶŴ۾غӣָ֣ϣĴ˳ָ˲ĵףһ, ƿ
˲䣬˶סˣӲ޷ͷ·̶һ㡣
£¶Ϥüۣ촽
ȻҶһģһ
ô£շ·ӻȻоѣתͷԵĹ˳
ľŭ˳ֻЦ£˵ȷҪ˵𣿡

֮½´˻ȥȻתȻһõ֣Ǳ뿪ɡ
˳ıЩµӣû˵ʵˡ
Զ붫ʹ
˵ɣô¡˵
˵ˡ˳̾˿˵һҪӺܾúܾǰʼ˵Ľ¼ơ
Ǿͳ˵մĳƪۡ
еնʬʥ˳Ŀ⿴˵ʬѾˣʬҲһǰ۾ٻأڵʬ
ңնʬնƶ֮Ҫնҡ˳˵۾ӦԶȱԣΪ
ߣ̸ն
ʣ۾辶ڱչذ֮󣬴鸮ڱһӤ֪ǰ޹Ӥ
ǡ굱ʱ޼ұʣ۾㽫Ӥ޸Ĵ޴С
˳Ŀ⿴գҪҼ˵ȥ𣿡
ء
˵زѾڶ˵ѾˣΪδ޷ˡ޸˶ʦֵ̬ǰ֣Ϊʦֺʹ޷֮ǲʲôԭˡ
ʦ̧Ŀ⿴ǰ˳ʦ֣ǵ۾ĵʬ𣿡
֪˳˵ҲǣҲǡ
һʣҪնʬɹԲôҶؽ档
ĵͳ֣һʼΪˡ
۾ٻʦ𣿡ɬĽ˻ƣһһ³ʲôʱٻء
֪

һ·ԣһž
ڼɽɵʱ򣬡ʵһ¡˳ؿڵ
̧ͷһ˫ǸŲ⴩͸û˿
֪һ𣿡˳˵Ȼ󲻵ش𣬼˵ħ˽İ鱦ѰܹԸ
޹ϹѪ׺ǿ˵һ˻˳Ŀ⿴գ˵ԣĽͽͶ飬˽鱦޷࿹
ȱ飬ģǣزؽ׼Ϊ飬ɳǿ顣
գһԾ¯ʱؾ䣬ӿ飬ин١


һ󳤾óĬģǹ˳նû˵յ£ӱ쳣ƽƽĿ£·ѹʱַƽ˾ƽ
һļžϢ
ѹĳϢ
Ϣ
֮󣬹˳ֿڣЦһŵһţ¼ΪʵΥףΪɡ
ʣ֮ٱʥĨȥԷЧ¡
ţһ鲻棬޸˽޽飬ͽζ顣


ѹֵĳĬϢİ֪ȥ˶á
շһЦԭˡ
ͼ翵һ㣬ϸע⣬ֻԭǵ۾ʬʦ֣͡ҡ
ǺǣǺǺǺǣ
ȤպشЦЦЦţ۽ǵˮ䣬ǡȤǺǺǺǣ
˳ĴЦһæ˵㣬侲
侲
Һ侲յһ˫ɺ޶צµ㣬侲ʵǿĵһ۾ʤΣ
ߣ˳ɰɣ˳סæ˵
˳𣿡ЦǱеĺá
ׯһŰݷã׼˵Ȼԥת뿪ɽɴȥ

˹˳վĿ㶿뿪ıӰԺһֱڲϻǾ仰
֪˵ʲô𣿡

ʹ
˹ÿüĿ޳ָ˶ǣ˼£ƺͷ۲
۾ſͤɫ˼üͷȴĸˡ
Լû֣ڵɫжôѿԼȱĵԣǰδɫ䡣
֪ˡ


ʦ֡
տǰĴҶе
Ҷ̧ͷºЦ£ˡ
š
Ŀ⿴
ϳ㹽񶡰ӡҶЦº˵
ԣ´㡣
㡣
ãʦָҶЦϱ㣬㹽񶡰Ūˣ
㻹ʲôԵ𣿡գϣǶЦʵ

֮ղŴܿЦݣûˡ
Լûá
ûˡ
ˡ
ҹ
շ¿ӣʣµǼװֵİӣʦ֣ʣµ⼸ҿԴȥҹ𣿡
Ҷü˵˾ͲóԣҪԣʦٸ
ˣͿˣʣº˷ѡ˵ŴҶϲͬɫοû£ˣûһͺˡ
Ҷ
ӣ
գ⼸ʣµİӻȫ䵽յ
ҹ
һڵķڣȫڴ齵һǣصĺڰУһӣĬĬؿŰӣһ߿Уһᡣ
¸»˼䡣
ûһ˿ķڣڰռ䣬ص͸һ˿
˳ɡ
ֲеĻǸôأ
ôء
ʦ֡


ɽŴ
ϹʦǽģزؽĽ޳ɾǿĽ顣ɽһѿɫԴҶ˵һȱ˽飬ʵ𡣡

һ˲䣬Ҷں춳У֫ǵĺ


227 


ҶǵԼô߳Ŵģع, Ѿվյķ⡣
Ĭվڷ, Ŀⶢš
, ڴǣ˫ֱϥ, ϥС
¸, »˼䣬ͥԺڵĲľ, ̺ĻڼžҹĿ, Ŀή
ãã֮
⼴ǰ, Ҷת뿪ˡ
뿪֮ûãŴ򿪣һϮµƽļŵմ߳
峿΢, ķҹĺ¶, Ϯÿ缡
վЩ䣬糿ĺ䰡롣
ͥԺ, ȣ
ҶѾڲϣϰһӣһ㣬붹
ĽŲ, Ҷ̧ȥʦá΢΢Щơ
ʦ֡˹ȥǰ¡
Ҷǵ˵ݣʦã㡣
дϳġϱԹ˾䣬ȴ쵽һ㡣
˰Ĭ緹
պʹҶͬʱ˿ӣͬʱ̧ͷԷ˵ʦ֡
ʦá
˵տŴҶ˵
ҶʦãսҴչΪ
ɡտ˵Ҳչء
һ󰲾Ĭ
ʲôʱչأҶ
ɡ˵
Ҷ˵ұһա
ŶӦȻĬ
δ˵
֮վ뿪

ա
ҶĿ߽˱չصĶŶźϣȻת뿪ȥŴ
šҶɽţ˵Ҵ뿪ǰʹ
ɽԶʱɫ䣬Ŀ⾪㡭
Ϊɽţ֪ҶǺܶУǰ޸׵ĴҶΪͽδɽţȫ֪ҲΪΣΪͽʱɽŲδԵԭ
һһв޷ֹͬеԵУǵ˴ҶһҶ⣬ջ߻ע޷Ϊִˡ
ԣǺѡδ̳ˣʵա
һɽ֪ҲⲢζŴҶȥȥ
֪˵ʲô𣿡ɽŵŴҶ˷Ϊɸ֪ʦ𣿡
Եʦͽ̻𣡣ʵ
ҶĬã˵ǵʦ𡣡
˵գһԲ
֪ԣͷɽſ⸱һʦûˣʱôȥ
Ҷ㲻Ǹ嶯ˡɽĿⶢ˺£

Ҷտڲ̸ֻüĿܿߡ
ɽŲǴˣ⸱ӣһ뵽飬ͷӦ˹ʦã
ܹǣҶĵûǺһһǺúõĴڣʣµıֻա¹գɽһ룬ͱˣʶĳֿܣʦãǡ
Ҷͷؿ϶Ĳ²⣬ǡ

ɽŵ˲Ҳˣһþԣðź޵ⶼʲô°
ԣʦȥɡҶƽĶɽ˵ܹҪһģȥʦ˲յʦ𣿡
סڣɽô˵ĻǳôʦģʦΪʦã㲻ʦ㲻𣡡
ǰʦҴġҶ˵һƬ𽥸˹ȾЦ⣬СʱʦãССһֻȴܾǿӴĲС
СʱգҶĮȻͣǺֳܿӲȥΪˣʦҴģҪңҪ
ұ顣
Ҷϵɫᶨеľɽľ㣬ʦÿ֪գֻ̧˵
ʦһʵʱ򡭡ڸ࣬ڴ֮ǰ˵ڱչءҶ˵

ɽĿⶢ죬˵жʦô࣬ʹʦãʹ벻Ҫȥ
֪𣿡ɽȰҲϣȥı˵Ҳ˺
ʱĴҶѾȥκȰ˵ΨһͷڻŵΨһΨһҪȥһ飬Ǳ
Ҫȥһ顣
һУ
ûʲôʦƽ¸ҪˡҶ˵ʦȫ

ɽſϹִı飬Ĭã̾˿˵ʱʦù㣬ҿɲܡ
лʦ塣Ҷ˵
ʦǱߣҿɲʰ̯ӣ
һȥʦ͵ġ


ɽׯ
ȥʦȥī칤ʦⱾȥܻ̫ŮŵĽԭ˶٣Ц£ЦݽƻŹ˳˵Ͷջ֮˵ʦġ
˳
Լ֪ջ֮ԨԴĹ˳˳ǣΪ
ΪʲôĿ⺬ЦĿ˵
ûʲô˳ѸߣɿĿڵ
ɽܼã¬װնԹ˳˵ʦ֡
ɿƣһ֧һľһõķ·Ҫ˵۾ˡ
ɡ
˳Ŀ⿴֮˵ʵҲˣҲ취
ֻͲ˵ˣ֪ν취ѡһѡմĻ˵һֱΪ˲ʹǸˣһ˽ʹ
ҲĽ۾ʹҶ֮Ĺϵĸӽܣǻ˳ɵȰ˵
Ҳ˵ǻأĽأ˵һҪ˵ЩʲôĹ˳Ц˵Ұ˵Ǹ˽ˣûȥǸ

˳ãǱƿĿ⣬Բ𡭡
ûҪ޹ءղ˵ֻǶҪǵãٰ֮ѶǣǧҪǵãǰˣһ¶ˡ
ҪҺúסɽɵڻڶչأ
мǲܱ¶
š


Ҷ֮뿪ɽɣǰ˶ʹ
ǰʹ·ϣҶ˺ܶ飬ܶˣգСʱ𽥵ĳ󣬾һССһڴϣȡ¶ӭŷѸٵһգ۱ΪͤͤŮ
Ҳˣ޷˵ģӦңԶҪǰȥʹҪȥ
һĸ
Բ𡪡
Ҷ¶Դ޷˵Ȼԥ̤˶ʹ
ʹڡ
ˡ


ɽׯ
һϮգĿǰ𺣷ӿĶͽ¯ǵЦƽ񵭣ʱ˺ܶˣʦջ֮ɽ칤ʦɪ¬װ
ǣĵһˣҲʦ֡
лл
˵ȻǰһԾƮƮ׹˽ɫĻС
ˣ


228 
˳ŵһǰʹʱ, һ¡
ûٴ, ¶޽˾֪Ŀ, ŴҶ
۾
˳һȻʹͷ, ŵһ̲סս, ҧ
һ˲䣬׷ʲô, Դҧ, ʦã
һѼɹ˳ҧѵ˵仰
鵭ں˳˫ֺŵĵһ, ڽá
òҲԡ
۾
ֱ˳Сĳѵ
Ŵֽӹ˵һ, ޳ָŽ֮, £ȥɡ
˳̧Ŀؿһ, ת뿪
ڹ˳뿪֮󣬶˺ܾãܾãܾá

һ֮Լ
ϫ
ħŶеĵһЦ, 㵹û䡣
㣬ǲ֮⡣
ûдߵɫ䣬ںһԲֱӰγɱ˹ȥ
ɱȻֺ壬ħЦӦվӣ⸱ģ
ͬγ˽Ӧս


һսǹս߽ԻĪʣҲֻܼɲ̸һնħսѣɽ鵺
ֻܴӵʱսµĺۼȥһƬ޾ĳϫһսĻɳĮ
ֻ֪һսĽʤħһΪ޽ȡ룬ٺħ壬ħ̸ռλ
޽ħ˳һĻ̸Ƕ˵ħԼԼħֽͨ޽תƵħڡ
Ѿ޷άȥֻǿųȡλߵΪ͵ǿ֧ţⲢǳ֮ơ޽֮ͨ޿ɱܵĽ򿪡
ǰħ嵮˽磬꣬һǽع顣ǣֻǽ𺦽ͣ󻯡
޽ͨħ򣬱ɱ֤˽İΣ
ħħֹħΪʳħǩǧ껥ַԼ
ħ꣬⻷նδ棬еֻײпɲӴޣħӲŸʳףʳˡħڲҲֻΪ֧һ֧Ϊʳһ֧ѧȡؼԪ
ԣԼħ岻ʳˣҪԼĴֻЩӷӡϹħʼɡ
˽罫ż߾ǳħͨó


ħԼ֮ڵĴ½أȡ¼һƳС͵ǳѹݴأΪ˽µĻݴء
ʮ
˽羭Ϣս𽥵Ļָ
¥
ȴǶߣɽɴҶһģһ⵽һ£޽Ǻιϵ
ħЦÿ飬ħɲ


һϹŵһʦ죬޹Ѫɣһ̣ʦͽͣǽġزؽľΪ飡
һΪɽ飬ǽġزؽľޣϧһޣˣΪ´壬Ϊ޽̫ƽ
һϮīµվӲ¥뿪
ޱ飬ֱӳ˳ǣ˲ǧ֮⣬һʱ㵽˶ʹ
ī칤ݼ۾
ʦԵƬ̣ҽȥͨ
ʹڡ
֣éͤ
˳ǰޱɫ䵭ü۱˪Ķ𣬿ҶһģһӣȴǸп֣˵Ѳڣһù黹ɽɡ
⣬۾һֱŲ̫ðɣ˳Ȱʿ׷羴۷Ϊ²ȡĴʴȡ
ü۲һ£ֻȥɡ
˳
˼Ů޵ʲô
֪ʿô˵
Ϊ
ð֮󣬹˳̾˿ε۾Ѿȥ
ǰƤ΢£ָֻܿƽ
˳ɫɫԥ˼֣մȡһԭҽ޵ѡ
˵գǸһӷŵϣת뿪ˡ
˳뿪֮󣬶ʵ̧ĿⶢϾŵǸһӣһҵķˡ
һزز仪
ãĿһǸһӣ֣֮ս֡
ͷƤȴȻδ
ֱ
۾
һѣ£
ī칤ʦǰݼ

Ƭ֮칤ʦǰ֣ǰéͤڶŵüĿ縲˪ĶϣڱǶ𣬻ǴҶ
̧Ŀⶢ֮󣬻˵Ҷҡ
칤ʦĿⶢ
֮һ֣ȡһ׼ȷ˵һˣһճһģһ꣬˫Ŀվ
Уһ߻߻յһ顣칤ʦ˵ǴҶǱ㽫㡣
˵գת뿪


Ŀ㶵ĿǾ߿ˣϤӣţźؾס۾ա
һͤʯϡ

һ졣
ɽһˣһֵ峿ҹ¹꣬ɽľ¶ˮأһµ۵껺ɽŹ⻬ӵʯ̨ףʰϡ
פɽŵɽɵӣˣһ£еʦ塣
һڣܿķӦ˹ʦѾˣ۾æе֪۾á
ʦֶҶĿº͵ĿЦǳʦ𣿡

Ŀ⿴ԥ죬һҧ˵ڽ塣
лʦֶҶ˵Ȼ˳ɽڣɽɡ

ĿⶢıӰãֱûɽŲӰǺˣǴʦ壬ǡ
һ·Ҷ˲ɽɵӣÿ˼һӣޡ޴ʦ壬۾
ʦֶ
ʦֶ
ʦֶ


ҶЦݣ·ÿһɽɵӶͷкֱѶԷôڵء
⵽˭Ǵʦ壬ǵ۾
Īʦˣ
塣
ϤͥԺͥԺڵĻѿ̺죬Ҷվ˾⣬еʦ𡣡

ڴǺӵ
Ҷţ˽ȥ
ڡ
һϮ۵ǺӶϣĿƽ͵Ŀ߽ĴҶɫȻƽʵˣ
ţӻˡҶ˵
ͺáǺӿ˵ʦأ
ʦãҪʱաҶƽ˵һὫٽŪˡ


229 
ʦƽΪƣ, дԴǺҶ˵֮, п˵, ī칤в
칤ʦΪǾ߻ϸʿ⻯Ĺȥ, Ϊյĵڶ, Ҳֻܱյһ飬ûΪŶ
, Ϊ˱ʣµĻ, 칤ʦҲɷѿġ
칤ʦʦõĻĺܺáǺӿ´ҶǵյĻ飬˵Ҫʹѣ̶ԶԶ
ľ, ҲСǺӳƬ˵
Ҷ˵ȥѰ
̸סǺҡҡͷıﱾϡ, ľֻڴС
ŴҶɫ̾˿, ŵղһǧľȥ
Ҷ, ˵ͬȥ


Ŵ
ɽǺӡҶ֮󣬶˵ʦֶΪ޽簲Σʿ壬һľʦֶȲֵһᣡ
, ǰȥűȡǽصǧľ佻ǺӡҶʦͽлųȫǺӽӹл˵
ɽĿԥĿһۣڴڳ͸һ˿ĴҶʱԭ˵Ļ˻ȥֻ̾Ҫŵĵطܿڣʦֶɽɵ飡
նлˡǺԵ
ȵǺӡҶʦͽ뿪ɽϵɫŲΣüչ̾
ĵӼ״ʱʦһʦΪγüչ
򵥡ɽ̾˵ʦֶһⲻ棬ֻһ顣
Ҳ˵ԪѣҪӴ֮һǴеϡܵһԵǧѷ꣬Ҫȫռ
ԺʵҪЩ
Ѫۣǣ飬飬飬ӣ˲ι
ɽÿ˵һӵͰһֱ֣Ӳ԰ɫ˵ⲻôȫռȫ
ɽҲ̾˿Եӵҵȥű⣬ȡö˲ιȥʦɡ
𾪵Žղ˲ιҾ֪
㲻֪Ķأŵĵز¶ɽſ˵պΪʦһһ̸㣬мǣⶼһ˻ģŵĵ̺͸ڡȡ֮ˣս֮ˣģ಻̰
ӽǣ
ɽĿ⿴ǰȴһӰǸȴڽ̵²λĴӡ

塣
ҶյĻľϣȻľиǺӣ˵ӴѰʦ֮̤ݴأѰģҲҪ֮뼯
ҪѺܳʱ䣬ǡҶĿĿһеǽľĿƴ׺ɣһʱ⡣
ڴ֮ǰʦչ˺ʦáҶ̧Ǻӣ˵
ǺĿ⿴֮˵ҺʦڼܺʱҪǹҵ·Ҫǵˡ
ӽʦ̻塣ҶݱǺӣĿؿһǺеľһۣںɫ㣬ת뿪


·ж೤жԶҶѾӵһȥľ
Ϊ֮ˣ̤ǧɽˮġϵıԭ⣬ľͷкķڣ·ͨϷϵرδǾ
޴Ǿ
ڴҶ뿪ɽɵĵһ꣬ں顪ǵһջڣǺӵţ뿪ĵʮ꣬¹Ժɽľʦûľ׳ǿ̡
ʮũʹһӡ
ʮ󣬷ʿ顣
ͬ꣬ŮǲʹѪ


һǰţֽһƬ۽Ϊʦ
Ҷŵһ龲̴ľУɢŵԡ
ڣҶڼϱԭѩǣڹ𣬾ĵ飬ǵ顣
Ѫۣǣ飬飬飬ӣ˲ιҶʦãһ

ɽɡ
ʦ壡
פɽŵɽɵӿǰһϮµĴҶɴ۾ϲе
ɽΪյĹĴѰͣϧһдۻȡдһƻ㲻ܣ޽Ҳ֪ɽΪյԪѹߡ
֪ɽɵĴҶΪѰ̤Ѱݴء
պʹҶʦõĴ£ħսѴ£޽˶Ϊǵľʦж䲻ң̾컯Ūˡ
Ҷٴγ޽磬ջдϢ޽綼ˣֱ飬һڵ֪ɽɺʹҶΪյĹĴѰ̽Ѱȳ
޽綼ѰЩ˵е
ɽɣ¹Ժڣҩȣũʹš
ջ֮ɽ칤ʦ̣£ǣȱɪ¬װֹأ껣³񡭡
˶ձߡ
ɽθпʦֶΪƣ࣬ûа׸ΪԵ񲻹ر
򣬵ƹ


޽綼֪ҶΪյѹⱼѰҶǷζš
ȥţפɽŵɽɵӼֱ˵˷ܵתȥˡ
ҶûֱֹŽȥ
塣
ʦ𡣡
һ糾͵ĴҶվھ⣬ͷе

ڴǺӵ
ҶŶ룬ˣϷǺ̧Ŀ⿴ƽ
ţӻˡ
ҶĿ۵ŵˮ⣬Ƶѹĳ̵
Ǻӿãá
ʦԪȹֻ̣Ϊʦ˯ţҲ÷ϢڣŴҶ˵ȹʱʦá
š
֮һҶɳƣǾõˡ
һˣʦá

һԶΡ
ξһƬհףʲôûУǰ׵ģǰ׵ģҲǰ׵ģհ׵һƬ
££ÿ¡
Ҫ
ȴʼ޷
˴׿һ㲻ξһ죬һ꣬ʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬ꡭ
ǣʲôˡ
ûУʲôûС
¶¶¶

ţţš


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ΨŰ
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ůǡ
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