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       Ͷǿȴ󣬳Բã˯ãգŮ䱻Щ˸̣ˣҲ˸³

        봩ȥʱĿռָձߣԭŮҲ

       ˺ݸոջؼңüĿһһصסֵӡ 

        Ż῿ݣɤش磬ҪǺ

İ

        봩ĵڶ죬ͱһϵͳ

       ϵͳֻҪÿˢԺøֵܱԽԽ˵ܴϵͳһҪƷ

       ԴӰϵͳȵķ֣Լϵɷݣˢĺøжܹ

       ʣиʱʱ̿ϲ˵ϱô죿

       ݣô죬~

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ͬ

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ܳʲô£ǵС㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪

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Ҳ֪˶ãЩʹԴ۾
ȴǰĻˣ
˿̵һϾɵľܴϣͷǷƵĴֲɴʣϸһɫı̺ͷһ͵ƣƻ϶ţʱϨƵġ
һΣ
ݺݵԼһѣֱ۴ʹиһôʵ
ʧӾôڴϣң⻷ҲҽԺ
µʱԱߴڷ
ס˺ŵĵȴãԱߵȴû˽һĶ
ƫȥЩƵĵƹ⣬ֻһݿʸ˯ţ˸úܽԸܵȵϢ
ˣ
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æƿ̺ӣ׼𴲣|ڵĴﾹȻһķСӡ
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ͬΪ֪࣬ͬŮΣŮɾԵʮɵñ
ʵĸйλ֮ǰ³ĸˣλҲǺ̳С
ϧŮ䱻ͷԣڵ֪˹ҪԺ󣬶ǹû˼ټϺ겻ãԥѡ˱硣
µӲɣνƾԾҲֻĻ롣صͶ񣬰뼢뱥ӵʪס޻ټϸ˹ֶķ׷Ӷܿܲˡ
һ裬Ů䱾ӻسȥҲڴʱ˹־ȻжԼȥӱɢ
Ůʱ򣬾ȻΪʸп˸ոؼҵĺݣĸӣźݺ˶ԷĴ
ˣǿ˪һܰŵһ޿޺Ĵӷ˳ȥǡɾŮײδΪ£ŮҲˡ
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С˵ʱ򣬳ֻŮΪԣֻĶרһҲǾȡ
ǵʶԼܴŮԺ󣬾еëȻˣ
رԭṩļ䣬С˵ֳҲвͬ
ԭļ䣬ͲΪĶܵݴȥģԼ֮ǰһƣȥûӣ˾˹ȥʱ͵˺޴ϡ
ʱʱ򣬳Ҳԭ̫죬û뵽⵱оȻۡ
С˵ݣôʱӦԭںݴĵڡ
Уꡮǡɡ·˿޺ŴӺݼܳȥԭ
ǽԺеļ䣬Ҳ춼ˣ֪ôҲҪˡŷӽų̣꾭ʱôɣ
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ſܳȥ벻ޣԷ£òһӣ˶֡
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ͬԭ뿴˾ȫö࣬ˣӸֱֿ˴ѧӦòһ̫
ңڵǰֽάȵ£ҲΨһ
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ǱģȲ˵ǷⲻŮɫӣҲҹϳȥָᱻһ˵||ǩ
ʱǻ1975꣬߿ָҪ꣬Ŀǰ֪سǻֱʲôҪһûֻŮ֪࣬³Ҳԭ˶٣
뵽˺ģԼĳ¿ӽ⿪ţٰʹ³˳Ѵ¶棬ֺǴ۵Ƥ˼ӡһк󣬱Ŀװ˯
ʱݼԺС·ϣ֪ļСãػ˶ΣȻûһ㶯
꣬˵ǺɶɶɶһװˤԷǳû򡭡ֵ֪ͬѾûġ
ǰǰɱװ˷Ϣʱ䡣Ҳ͵
Ҫ֪ѾںһˣҪһͶᣬͶ֮ԣȻ泩ȥιӣҲȷʵܡ
Դˣĵظ
¾кϷˡ
ͺǸƢָὫһ٣Ȼ󶪳ǿҪˣ

ǹһĨЦӣȻҸ˹֣һҪöԷѣ
лҪ˵ҿˣȴղѼ~
Ŀ20~ӭ**

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ԴԺ󣬾մƣʱʢΪط꣬Ͷû뵽׾¶ǣȻˡ
˯һ˲٣Ծͷʹڸɣ۾ûԺͷˮ
û뵽ûɸףһƬϸֵۣ֣ڵҲ˴롣
۾һԾȻһŮˣ
ŮǰǴŮ֪࣬˵׷µ磬ʱûϸƣһƤ𪣬ģ㡣
ֻü΢˫գĽë΢زţһСɵĺ촽أҲ̫졣
ݲɨһۣĳļӶˣһƬУǴмĿĵĺӡһǷǡ
ûüƿ۾ԷԴӱУʰ۾һ˲ã㵡
ʵˣԭ룬ûзʲôԭһӦǾԼԲ˹֣еĴȫ鵽ϣЩͿ޿ܳ⡭˿ɳ֮
һΣѡһһĵĿʵֳ
ۿһ죬һſžӨ͸۽ǻ䣬˫һ£ǰĳ£Żŵ
ǡô졭̶̵һ仰˵ö϶ֵ˲١
ݵ˶ƽ򽻵ĶǴүǣȻŮӿ޵滨꣬һʱЩңǸȱޡ
ұһԼû뵽֪һƣ˾εģҲûʶǡô޹Ŀһۣһ˵һĵس
ݳԽɣڶԷ˼֮ǰͬǱߵݣᡣ
ô˵ҲʱһĹƣȷʵ̫ͬͬһŴϣ͸ˡ
ҽҲǱ˹ˣӦ˹Ϊ֮㲻Ը㸺㲻Ը⣬ڣҸϽͻȥ͵ûзڲֻҪģ㾡ᡣ
Ϊָ޷ǹ飬С۸ԺؼҴҲû̫ĸ飬ҲûڴһӣֻҪлᣬһ߳ȥҲûڴȢӵĴ㡣
ο׷µ磬Ҳ飬ĵϢĽ
һ֮Ȼõģˣǵ棬֮ǰˣȵڡ
ش磬ʵ֪иŮ֪࣬һֱҲͣҾýºѲ˹ϵ
߳ȥ˵ץţʱҪֿˣйŮһݣҲ˵塭Ժôӣûٵᣬһ˫۾СӰͮͮģʮϧ
ǳԼڵĴܹӹһأס֪㣬̧ͷͷʤ
ټǰүү˵70ӣܻسȻʵǻȥˣҲᱻѺͻʲôģӲóһĺ顣
ˣǳࡢԸ־򣬶ѡ
ش磬ո˵ڲ飬ֻҪģҾᣬ仰𣿡££ǰ·ѶԷǡһС
һԣ׷ݱԾԥصͷȻ
̧ͷһ˫ˮ۾ӯӯؿɤѯʣһϣòã
ЩԾĵɴ۾ûüش𣬱Ժ⴫˼ҵ
㿪ţ
ţţ
üͼŮ֪Ҳ˲úݵĴ𰸣Ѹٵ·
鷳ˣȻһֻ˾ƣչ㣬ʲôҲûС
˵һ仰治ɫĳǰԺȥ
лҪ˵룺ллŷСɰӪҺ~

ϵͳ

ũԺԺ֮úܽʱ絾ʱڣһ˯磬ڼӵҲ͡ϳྡ
ᣬǵĺһ˶䡣
ۣȷǽԺ𣿡ѯԱߵۡ
ǰܿ۷ǳζͽӻϵģ֪ţ˼Ժȥʲô˺ͬ־
ɵǱ˸ƭ˰ɣһӣ֪ĻΪ
ôһ˵Ա߼ŶԵȤҡȾ͸˹ũûʲôֻְ£õĵζ
ݼҵԺţҲڴ˿ʱĴ򿪣ݲȵ˳
룬ԳҾû㣬Ƕˣʮ˷ܵӭȥΪῴ޿ӣû뵽Ȼʧ㡣
벻ɫıܿشˣµҲģ˵Ѿŵˡ
ĵЦ԰˷Ŵȥģ˶һˣ˯һѾƭأ
Ҳ֪ǸʲôԸǰȥĹ죬û뵽ԷȻ۶ûҪ֪֪һ֦˰Ͱ͵ľ˵һ仰
Įˣ϶Ҳվ˵  
ҵɵãôôͿֲʶйŮһңñ֪˸ô˵㣡Ϊ룬ʵȴ仰ŴҡйŮһҡʵ
ȻĻûԱ߾˰Ͳסˡ
ŶڵƤӿϸŵ˼ң÷ɤӣһĵģ
÷Գ룬ȫǲݺùȻйãƻΪݵĴɩǰڵʱҾͲԸôᣬܲ˵䡣
ǿֶǵ㰲ҷѣڵ֪ǸɶĺܣԱд帾
10û˸ףܲ˴һˣүүƫĴһңСҲۣںؼҴ壬˶ΪݻΪСؤ
û뵽Ȼйȥ˱˵λصİҷѻ٣һԱȣû뵽СؤȻýеģԼҶȢϱأܲʣ
÷һؼңͿǵ㰲ҷѣûɿڣƭͷᵽҷ̵Ĵ˳
룬ˣ㿴һ̰ڣȻòʡ£ҰѾ
ҵİҷѾͲ͸λɩӡǹˣ쵱Ŵҵ棬ߴһϢҸͬ־ԽΪǰᣬˣ
ʱҲɬĵͷش磬ͰѾ£ࡣ
ӣҲ൱ֱӳ˵Ĺϵ
Сᴦ󣬰Ѿ£Ҳ˵϶֡
㲻ǡԼҲû˵µܡ
ЦеĿͬӣ֪꣬شƽĮ˵㣬ȷʵǸˡǰ˵ûǰɣѾ˵ˣҵģ㲻õһԿ~
ڳĶǳˣܿ⣬ոջŨĽһӾͱԴףǿҲ˳ζͳЦ
ǾͺáǾͺáû뵽ԼһϹҲסˡ
Ҳûоݼ򵥵˱ҲȻ֪㡣

ڻ֪·ϣȻţȳ߽ˣûס
룬㲻ϲ˹𣬽˵ҪȥҪҸľţ
˵ľãһ˵ľ밵ҧÿ죬ȴܲɫ˹ѾǹȥʽˣǰҲ£ϲˣԺ󲻻ˡ
ݵӣɻ͸ˣ棬˺öҲ˶Ū˴ôˣȥչ˺ݣ
ǣôͺͺݴ˶
ȻйŮһ˵˴˶³Ҳ̸ʲô|ͷټϳкݰ˵ļƻ˿ա
һ˼죬ܿ͵֪ſڣǡɾ˸մӺӱ߻ĸ˹֡  
˹ּų룬ɫϳƳһԵֲ꣬÷ ͬ־ȥˣ
ˮϵӶ࣬СʱСȱҧӰ˿һǻŭ
뿴һۣ˹ֲⱾǣȷʵòٶüĿҲڸǲסɢ
ԭļ˹ʵǸòȻαӣһ߸֦һֺ塣
ʵ˹ֽ֮ԻԼԭҲȫ˵ҪسǰˣһϲߣȻϲҪƽ׶־ÿϧȫֻռ
Լġ氮ֻԭʲôǡ
ȥҪ㱨𣿡Цŷʣûκͣת֪㡣
ֹˣΪԭеֵ
ϲ㣬ɹϵͳոǰúøжȣ1һֵΪ10֣Ϊۣ
սţԺ㴫һ
ϵͳɻ
Ǹ룬ǵģϵͳרΪ˵Ĵ߷رЩԭɫ˱ҡûϲŮԣǾ˵Ķ󡭡
˱ҡûϲ˸ȷʵԭдա
ǵϵͳֻҪԵĺøжȣתΪʮϵͳ̳ǽƷһ
ϸȡ׻Ƿ|ΣֻҪ㹻ͨͨΪṩ
ϵͳĽͣԼǵ˸ԱĽָ˵ĺøжȿԻֵΪãͬʱҲζš˹ָոն˺øУ 
˻Ű
ȥıӰ˹ַһ˿ȤŮǰ޲õװһģҪȤĻǳɹˡ
ǳڴɹ˺αߵһ졣
վһԣŸ˹ȫԼһţܽԺӡ


ĸָ̽

֪һסʮ֪࣬Ů֪ͨͨ˯һȥʱ֪ŮӶû˯
˷С٣һԱ߹ۿıˡ
˷ͣĵʵ룬ôȥˣ
شˣȥһѾ㵣ˡǳѺõĻش
ԭ֪㣬۵Ķֻи˹֣ƽʱҲ̫ע˼ʹϵճҲֻ꽻ģ˷ΨһһߵȽϽŮˡ
ش磿˷û˵кӵ֣һʱе㷴Ӧ
ǻ֪ɣĺͬ־ˣ˶ãƶҪ~һӣȥֻһϢ
ʵ仰˼˵ģŮܹ֮ϵཨڸСϣ͵˷ϵŲ˵˷϶ٻЩϲݵ͸˵ˣѾС
𣿣̫ˣ˷Ը񵥴ûж룬˶󣬾ϲĽг
Ҳߵĵͷʵڽ֮ǰҺͺݻûгȷϵǰôϲ˹֣̫ˣԲûи˵
Ѳ¶࣬˷ѵȻʧȥý͵ĻбҪͽ͡
С˵棬˷ûչ˷ԭֻǵ˷ҲãΪܻسǣڰ·һӴ˻ٺΪ˻سǲϧΪۣκαƭֻ˸ˡ
֪ģпգҺúش¡˷ȻƽٿЦѵýͣĵЦ
ãû⡣ҲЦеؿǰŮѾһ
жܼķΧҪɰŮ
һԵͻϢ̼ʧĻصԼĴϡ
һ㣬ĸ죬ȢܵܣҲΪԶǸͥرڿԺ͸һӲȥ뷨
û뵽˽ȵǣ̲ס͵͵ᣬҲڰ˼һҪ취Ѻݶ
ûдﵽԼĿģװôã϶ӰȻڽĵ˷ͳ룬ƣȴñֳҲˣҲˣҾ˯ɡ
ոսۺ˺磬ʵ׷ߣ˵Ҫ˯Ͻ򵥵ʰһ£˴
оȷʵˣҲûж˵ʲôĬĬڴµҹİܿ˯ˡ
һ˯òȣ棬һŴȰĿŮˣһŵĸָ̽΢ЦĶ˵
15ˣ͸㵱ҪúñŶ~
˵ţǸӨӨ̹ĽָĲϡ
Ǹָ󣬷ǳ̲סȥؿʲôҲûУæѰʱͷ£ȻһɫĹâš
ȥһ̽û뵽ȴߵ˴أϥһۣ͵۾
ɫѾ½𴲡
ˣŴЬ͹һ㡣˷մЬӣֱ
ڴûжոյΣסȥˢ꣬꣬ǰ˵ҪҵĽָһⶼˣûˣ
û뵽ҪҲû̫ϣڷָܵҲŪģٽҴ~
ǰ벻ٶëƱǮƷûһһεĶȻز٣Ȼԣ˸һ㸱ʳƷΪ
˵˽һ죬ˣ㻹ѽָңҪǽãΪռҵĽָŶ~һЦӣЬӾ˹ȥ֡
굱Ȼ뻹˵ָͦģһΣ벱Ϲһ̹ĽָǸָһԵ
ȵԺ󣬽һϴĻᣬֳ벱Ϲһĸָ̽Էӣ͸ӺˣͰĽڣŪϡ
죬һֱϸ۲죬ȴûпʲô֮ĸԸĻ룬˸ڣ
룬ĽָȥɻСŪˣϱ˵ģ㲻ģȥңҲǹģ㲻Ұɣ
涪ǼٶҲһʱ˵
˵ˣѽָңҪԼȥңһպ˵ӣ
ƽϰߣȻһףҲƢҺʲô˵ҲǹģҪôСͲҪң
۸Ͻæ룬ҲǵģѵѻҪʱһæңҵ˾ͻ
û˵ֱߵĴߣһƿͷͷµСһɴ䡣
Ȼĸ̵Ľֱָӵ̺ϡ
ָһңСķŽ·Ȼ󣬲мɨһۣ
ﵱȻûҪǵ÷ʲôѣֻռ˵ѣָȣ
˵仰ҲûйӲĿ⣬̿ڱſߡ
ڵ֪ѧ˺ڴ糿׸ڣȴײһĻò˵緢ĳ룬ͺһһģԴâ
ͬʱԺϵͳ ϲúøжȣ1,3Ŷ~




̲סЩʣ˸˹ֵĺøֵ1һֵΪ10Ϊʲôѧȴֻ3ֵ
ԣϵͳܵе뷨øֵܶһֵеҪ̶㣬ԽҪԣܹһֵߡ
Щϧҡͷϵͳô˵ĻҪԽɫ¾˹ˣԭôûгɹԺҪ׬ȡֵҪЩ
ϴʱҲݲ룬ո絾ļڣԹ緹ҪʱϹ֪Ϊ廧һÿÿֵõʳǰ׬ģȥϹûԡ
ʮ֪౻ֱֳ֣ؼҴӣ롢ꡢ˺͸˹֣ڵһӣȻ˷ֵ˲ͬӣֻ֪һĵطʮ֪඼һԷ
ֵ˸˹ֺһ֪־Զ緹һǼ򵥵࣬һС
ȥʱ򣬳ڳɸ˹׷䡣
ӹĴ룬һ㣬ѹñȽϵͣ룬˹ȥӱߣ
ȻˬԼˣʮԼڳеķҲмòζ
˶Ҫ˺òãԱߵ־ԶѾ¿
Ӹ˹ӹ룬۶ûиһ˹ûʱ䡣
־ԶԾʱֲһ䣬У־Զͬ־ҺӽԺûκιϵעԴǡ
ĻЦ˹ֵ˵汻ܾҲҲסһһף뿪ıӰ۵׵ȤŨˡ

ո絾ʮ࣬Ůӱȥ硣
ȻýȥʹȴȻҲüᣬǸʱҪȥò˰Ӿᱳۡ
رǺҶʮַһСľͻ֣һֱûб·סĵطۡ
ʱ׬ֵʱһ10֣ڳɵȻʱͻȻ￲˺֣һ̧ͷȻǺݣ
㣡
һŰɫĶͷ˹
ʶȥӣȻһֻƤף¶һЦлл
ϣƻ谵ûȥòټȻʡ
üĿͦһűǡôƤǽСɫټϾ˳ű·ܿõʵ͵
ҪǷŵִȥˡ
ҴӲ|ģõֻϡݱЦݻλۣ򵥵Ľһ䣬첽뿪ˡ
һߣͬһ̵ļӣͿЦ
֪࣬㵹ǺøСض~
ɲǣɻȻȥҪû˸ʲô~

һ£ؼҴ嶼֪ˣЩҲ㲻϶⣬ũҲЩ¶ܵ٩٩Ҳ⣬ֻѺõĳ΢Ц
Եҫ
ӽ鲻ˬָˣģرǽ̵ʱżܿΪӲϻĽָ͸µûš
һ͸ϣݵһƤʺѪð
꿴Լָ룬Ȼ첽ܵߣϵѪĨ¶Ľָϡ
ڸոգȻǰһʱһΣĸ̵ĽָһѪǸָðһ̣ȻҲ֪ʲô˼Ǹոһ˲䣬ôˡ
ʲôҵĽָɣ㻹ǿ𣿡ʮֵŽָϵѪ̲סüͷ佫ȥ
۾ضŽָɽָ޷ӦãֻһŵĽڣ
룬ûĽָ˵˵Сıˣıһ䣬ڻָ˿ڣҸո̫ˡ
뵱Ȼţȵ߿Ժź赲ԼĴĸһ£ҲŰĵѪĨ˽ָϡ
һ̣鷢ˣֻĸָ̽ðһ̣ţʧǰ


ÿռ

ֻо۾һžͺһİ硣
ƣʮ׿Ϳ̫Уǰһˮƽ羵
ʱ򣬳ͻȻһβɫ㣬³һݣǸݾȻƮǰ
һŻƺɫֽȥ˴˲ɢֽ͵ġ
ֽϷдż֡ɽһŲס
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ռ䳣˶ãǰ峺ˮҲᱻŨǣֻҪ㲻׬ȡȼܿҲԽԽ㣬õطҲԽԽࡣ
Щط˵ʲôãɽԣʲʲôģȥŪü  
ӵ˿ռףʳֶҲ֮˵ʲݣ󡣡ϵͳʮоؽ˽
תȥȻһСһֲȥд̣ǳۡ
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ͻȻ֮մǣǸʱԭѾ񲣬ʮ֮˾ռԭ
Ȼ֪ô򿪿ռģԷû˿ռ䣬ʲôָúԵ׬ȡƸ
ڳϲʱϵͳֽŲ䣬Ҫǣȼﵽ10еĿռ䷶Χ㶼ܹ͸һŤתʱյĻᡣ
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ȻһԺﶣһԷĺøж1㡣
Ǳ߲Ҫ죬ۿžͿˣվһ첻£ҾҪǹˣԶһӵļƷԱ÷˦ıӣߴ󺰡
÷еͷǵһӶӳҵСŮƽƹżǹֵûбҪȥ˭Ըʳȥ
Ҳٹܸ˹֣Ͻͷȥɻ

æµһ磬̫ʱ򣬶ӳȥϢ
ԹĿ࣬ԭҲûвμӹոĸǿͶֻᱳۣҶˣȻ̱￲ϡ
ִ˴ԼӲԱùˮһˮ¶ȷ硣
Ϣò׼ʱǰûиĺͻȻһغɫĶһͷײˮϡ
붨һȻһֻײ˵ĺ̼һأɨһܣȷû˿ߺ󣬸Ͻֽ̼
汻ϵͳ˵ˣողſɽĲףһֻ̼
ԭݰͰ͵壬Ҳ֪ûԹˣԺѾԶѺ̼װӶ˳Ծطڳĭ
Ҳ˲಻ˣѼ·һֽŶҵڸǣϽݼķȥ
лҪ˵æµһĳʦóϵȵĺ̼

۵ĺ̼׽棩

һԵĳݼңæҵĽԺŸϣ𼱻ǵľҳܡ
ǶŶԺԺһŷ˼ң޽·ӣҲһס˹ȥڼ˺ûˣҲûʲôǡ
㡭ôˣܽһ룬һ衣
ûȥӣصĴԼ·Ѻ̼˳ǽͰ˰ɣ
ͷԴѷԲͲҪ˵ˣһ굽ͷֻйʱܹӴֵһ⣬մմȡ
Ȼ˵ɽҲҰζʲôģЩһͳɾˣܵñɶ죬ûǹ͸㲻
ģݿ˿ĺ̼ͷȻ󣬵ëɫͦãֿȭȥѶȡ
ҲҶˣЪţֻ̼ǶˣһͷײҵˮϡϺõ⣬ҪײҪ˵ǰɣ
񵽵ļðɣȻҲòʳˣҲ̰С˵ˡ
벻Խ˵ֱӾͰѺ̼Աߵһľһ飬ϵһˮͽȥ
һϵжʮݻվԱߣûİһۣ㻹ŸɶϽæǳԼ
֪ôˣֻûȥÿһӵģ˻δ飬˵ˣǻﻥΣҳʮֹƽ
ûѣѺ̼˹ȥԺҰСժգ̼ʰ
֣һЦתȥԺѰҰкգ˳ռｫʲҲһȡ˳ʲݵӸʮֽӽϸ𲻳ᣬÿʲݵΡ
ִᣬӴʼԼⷿסҳʲôģǲڻ¡
ֽؽϴժɾִӺݵĳһ飬ټϼѾɱ׼ɡ
𿴺ڲ꣬ҲѺ̼÷Ž
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Ȳһζ̼ըۣʲݵãⱾʵζصļ˳ټϽ󣬴㡣
ջ𣬸ŲȲ˵ϸĴֻܣ۾еȻżͷӾ̸ţҲ֪Ϊʲôȴ̲ס΢΢
ϲúøж+1һֵ10
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̼ͩҳ˼ãȻ͵ø˷ʣµһװ˽Źϣһƾɵľӣá
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÷ݼòԶףѲŵ
еţǡ͵͵ûϵɣ
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۾һĨ壬ȻԺȥ
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ӣģģʲô¶ûʲô飬ҲĪ档
겻ǰǸкѾͦΣټ÷̲סһӣȻǿװ򶨵ĵ˻ȥ
𡭱ΪҲ֪ҸոնŵζˣҼöһֻĸǲ͵͵ץȥˣ
ؼ붯ŤżæŵݼܣԺҲˣһè壬ΧǽػãȻŵζ
ĸǸӣȥһ̽Ŀġ
ЦЦĿ ڼúõ˵ʲôĸҲ׵ľҪҼﴳ˵ȥɣ
÷Ϊ飬͸ɣһһҪԺ꣬Ҳǳصģֱһ죬ֱӰ⡣
ֻ÷ٶҲܿ죬һײֱӵ˵ϣű㿪ʼ
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Ϊոշ֣ݵĺøжȾȻҲ10ֵ
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үү⻰˵ģҰ˺˵ⱲӱֻдӣӴŮ⻰˰ɣݸġ岽ľ룬صĴαݹϵ
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Ѱϵ

˹һͶӭϦߣǵ˵Ц֪ȴһͷԡ
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Դɵһţ޿ؾ֪ܳ㡣


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ʱһιݼҷϵʯ߱飬һһˤǰһߵĵط
걻ŵòᣬʶסͷӡ
ݿǰˤ÷ʯߣͻȻʲôƵģת˵İһǽϹŵĶһ¾Ϳ첽˳ȥ


߱ε

һ׹µĸˡ
֪ķϾɵשǽ屾мѣһεļ꣬ǽѾˮú͵ƵĹޣۿӵķΧ㣬Ů֪ǻȻ
ʫĻֵ룬룬ѡһëִʫҪһվ㣬ûбơ
һλû꣬ͻȻһ紩ľͷɨú͵Ʊ紵ʱͺˡ
΢е㺦£ϰԵǽڿ˿û뵽ȴеһȥȻʪյġ
֪ķȻשɵģÿשǾƵģʮ׺ô꣬Ҳܴǽǽôֻһֿܣǽ˲˵ˮѾǽ©棡
Ϊ֤ԼĲ룬ǽȻһƬʪġ
ûֻ룬òǲǵʫô˰ɣҪҪ㣿
ҸϽԼĶϣǱ뿪䣬ҸոǽˮǽѾˣϵıһƣٵĴͷװǮƱСԼ¶´
ѽ㲻ǵ˾Ͳǵʲô˼ģŻң˺ҲЦһ¿ˡ
ǱˣҪҾѽʫɣ
һڳﰲ꣬һڷһһԡ⣬ǳĬǳ
ǽģ⼸䣬֤ԼȳһںϵĴܸУ⼸򵥵ʫ滺˺ܶࡣ
һҲûе飬ӴϳһСľ䣬ʱԭĸ׸ģһ龫һЩǺ;ϸۣũ壬Щ򲻵ĺö
ʫҪҪҪǲ͸Ͻ˹صĶţȻЩ֪ԭԸôʻͷûа취Ŀȥ
ͣ

Ļ䣬ڴһЦȻҶûаĻһ¡
룬úöˡ˷˯ſڵĴλϣø֨Ѽ٣һһСӣƾŸоڴš
һƬڡ⿪ŵһˮѾžžڴ
ҲʲôʥˣЩβˣҲٶѿ࣬͵˷ٳţ̤ż˯ſһߵ˺磬ѸٽŸϵͬʱһӽŸס
Ųûͣ·֪෿ŵʱʹţͬ־ǣŮ֪෿Ǳߵǽˮˣҽ˹ƷϽһܣ
Ҳвڵ֪Ǻܿžķ𴲡
滹ǱҪһЩ΢ҹɫϡܹжϷ򣬳ûͣ첽Χǽߵũ߷
֪ʱ޵ģػëʯӱȽι̣ݶҲǸǵߣֲ磬Ӧȫġ
͵˷ովһιһΣ֪ݶϵʯ߹üƬڰҹ﷢Ƶ
ţ֪Ҳ˲ʰײײĴӷԺܣͬʱŮ֪෿Ҳ
ǿңҵȱƬˣ۵Ľּ־֡
ոһ磬ݶϵʯ߱˺üƬһƬֱӵֱҵĴϣһ˫ϡ
ʱŮ֪඼ͷϵʯ߿˴飬Ĵڣ۾ر˵ĻԺֻо󱳷һﻹ˵ϱˡ
ԽǻԽǷֲ巽򣬼Ů֪༱ͷӬһĵײ˷
֪ǻһǻ壬ǵϽĶһŮ֪෿ܡ
˹棬ųķ˿ѹӾдԣ룬ллΣ֮仹֪ͨҡ
ԭôһΣԭһ龫Ҳлģʱԭ˺һ˯ž
벢һףҲ֪ͨһˣڻô֪أ
ǰļ֪໹ûԶĻ̲סһЦƽ˹ߣŮ֪ǻǴƯǣû뵽ҲгԱʱ
˺ø־Զ֪ﶼĪ̹
ģԺϵͳʾ
úøжȣ3ֵ9ȡȼ
֪ǺܿܵŮ֪ǵķſڣʹţȴ˿
ʱܵԺſڣ˫£ߣһ߿첽ܣһ
֪ϷӲȫҿܳ
лҪ˵СɰǣΪ߻û񣬱һÿһ²ܸ̫࣬ղˣ굽˰񵥣Ժÿһ3000ңллҵڴ֧~



ưôµֱԺڵķſڣ࣬ҲԾ˼֣
滹ûˣ
|ѵγɵǿ̲סײŵļ֪඼һߡ
Ů֪ǻ棬ȴƲӦˣ˹ȷӦ
λ֪ͬ־֪ķʧޣһʮΣյ飬ҸϽŴ򿪣ţ󺰡
漸Ů֪࣬ڳ涼ûм˵ģһݿܻᵹִһС
˳߽ȴʲôַһ˺ѷεİ
ҲǾ˵θʹУҲܲô̧࣬͵ľһߣӦѵŷű򿪡
֪һ䷿󣬺ڵϹſֻţʧ˷ű򿪣Ů֪ҵ˳ڣ޺ž˳
룬𣿡Ӱܵ÷ɿ죬ҹɫֻϡںӰû˭˭վǲģĳ
վũ߷ſڣ֪ѾˣҲ֪ԷǾˣӦǾΪȣҲûгӰĺŴĻش
ش磬Ѿ
һĻش𣬲֪Ϊʲôһʯͷ
ǿѽҵȱˣء۵Ѿ˻ˡ
һ˲䣬ĳֶظѵҪˣҸϽˣ
Ե֪첽ˣͷȻνһƬȥҲδڷӵ֮ǰ˾ȳ
䣬һ죬֪ķӱǰ۾ֵûڷݵ
ӵ󣬺ݴ֪ǿʼѰۣשҹɫΪһ壬ֻһߺһƿƬ̺ʽ
Ҳ֪˶ãлһ磬˲ˣݽѵõ⣬Ѹٴ档
ȻǰԶһƬʯߺ΢Ĺ
ڹ߰ȥ֮ƾԺеļ䣬첽ҵʯߵλãŽʯ߽ҿŽӶĵڶĹɹҵۡ
֪һæͽְῪƬשͷ˾˳Ѿ˹ȥ
Ҫ̧ҽԺɣ־ԶŸո⿴۵ݣϱ˺ôһӣˮ÷ףоʱҪûƵġ
ʱҪ͵϶ǲʵģҲ˵ûйţҪȥҪ
룬Ҫ̧ȥĳҽɣ
ȫΪ۾ԵʣǶۡڿ|սʱڻҽһսԺ󣬾һֱסںؼҴ壬ҽά
֪Ƕ׳СӣѸһŰ壬Űһţ̧žֱܡ
ʱҲСɢɫҲ˲٣Ȼ˵죬ʪ·Ҳûʲôֻ·ͻȻҶûüϺ֪ܲѾ£ʼŰˡ
ֱߵӣȥҴ峤ɣҰһ½Ϣĵط~
˵Ժתķ򣬡룬Ҽ᷿һѣȥްɣ
Ҳ˵ֻϵĴŮûй֮ǰȥзסȥҲһȥûЩǡ
ллش磬Ҳûƴǣ˷֣͸һȥشҽһɣ
ʱȥҴ峤æȻܽ赽طҪʱ䲻˵ҲǶ˼һ𣬺ݼ˸͸пܱܸðϴˮϢһ£òˡ
Ҷ֪ͺݵĹϵոæȻ˼ٿڽޣܿ죬һȺǱĳ֪Ժš
ҹ·ܺڣ֪ſڲԶĽ·ڷֿ󣬺ݵֻ˳͵˷ˡ
ش磬㣬Ȼ֪ʲô飬İɣ˷֪ռ˱ˣա
ݲһϲĵˣǰڳӣǵ˵ͷţ
Ϊ䣬û뵽Ȼôֱף˷ͣãЩεת˻⣬
ɴˣһʼͷǽ濪©ˮһ˳Ʒˣ
ǰ棬ҿı飬ԼҲûв̲סϹ˹Цݻûչ֮ǰ뵽˹ˣվֻƵĻһ䣬
ƽͺã
û꣬˺ܿߵ˺ݼҵԺſڣƿ֮ʣԺﴫһεε
~


һ

ŽȥֻݳһƬãһ໨´룬űߡ 
ˣҲ̲סһ£ֱϡԺڸǲסϵЦ⡣
ıúϹĳڷƱû뵽Ȼľϲ
Ϊʲôʵ䣬֮ǰ֪ˣȻ˵Ĵڣû뵽ȥ֪ôãԷȻûߡ
Դ˴ĸ˲ǰ߸ߵ𣬻ûܹ䡣ﵱȻЩȻװӣǿ׽
ش磬֮ǰҲ𣿡
û˵ĨһϵˮߵſڣһѶĴ룬Ѿˣ˭Ҷģ
ش磬ҴҴææֱܳӵûüĺҳһ룬㲻ɣӡ
ȷʵǶˣڵæһ죬ԵòڣʲôĶûԣݵĳĺﻹиճĻƤཷûס
棬˷˳ӣЩùģ롭Ҫ߰ɣ
Ȼ֪Ǻݶ󣬿ַ꽻ӵϣڶԷԺֳһŮ˲ᶼѣ϶ܲˣϽ뿪ĵء
û뿪ŵ˷˹ȥ
Ҫ귢ŭû뵽ԷſƵģͻȻľ
ѽ룬ôҲˣ
ţװæİֽͣҸشʲôҲûУ֪ܳʱЩã˶㣬ǧҪ롣
ִ˵ĽͷܹɹļԷĴ⣬ҪҲЧ
ֲɵȻ֪ǰǸʲôݺǲϵôϣ϶˴ߣ̵ŭҲ˼٣
ôˣϾҿ󡭲ܵЩϹذɣ
ųĻȨڳԴף⼫ˣȴŻ֣̿룬˵㲻ҪᣬҸشûʲô~
ĵһ棬Ǳ֪˿ȥΪȡˣ껹һϵȵļٰ
㹻ˣݽĴһң
ϣڳ㲻˵͵ҵĶſڴƻƣȥ峤˵ȥ
峤Ե֣ڴĹ˼ʹϵϣǹֵҪռ·硣
Ҫ涤һ͵͵õ˵Ϊϵ۵㣬ʱйسǣϾͲˡ
ֽ½ǣش磬ҲǶ˲ŻûоͳĶҪ㿴ɣҶﻹһƱëǮ㣬͵һٷ~
ݱǲͬģǳڱϣҲԵԼ̫ͱˣаȣøңϽߣ
~겻鲻ԸİƱǮӿ㶵ͳ˹ȥ
ӣϿҵ̬ȣû뵽ݻҪһ±ûռţ˼ǮƼˡ
ҲӹԺִ˿㶵ȻԳ˵ϽȥȻҸ·Ͻϣʪ·˲á
Ҳµõ֪ʲô£ҪȻϵģ͵˷ҲͶݣ׳׳ֳסݵ½ǣ
ش磬Ҳһ𣿡
˵ʵԺݲûǷ뷨ֻǽһҷͦ󣬻һԺӣ֪ӵʪĻֱͬһˮƽϡ
ںߺϸļ˳ʳ׸ﻹһ׺ͰϸۣûʳЩģ󷽣Լİ÷ӦһʲСĿһ뵽ĺͱ˳룬޵
ﲻӭ㣬ȥҴ峤æŷӰɣһҲһ˦½ǴѣֱӾܾ
ٴγ˱ϹҲסĿת˳룬ֹģ
룬Ҳǵû˵Ůסһд֪ģΪŮ̡
˵⻰ȻǹģҹģӺݼﵽ峤Ҫʮӽų̲˵·ʪֻжܹʡ˱˵ܸ£һãֶΪ
޲ɣ˵ˣͲų͵˷޶Եסȥ
뱾Ǵߵģ˵ЩƵĻعͷѸײڶ֣֮žһƴϣ
˭أ


ϳȥ

һӦȥǽú͵ƵĹ⣬ˣֿǵԼ޹ĺ⣬ʼίĵᣬ
룬ҶΪǺãˣΪλĴˣ
һԲˬ˼ίȫã̲ס뻤ƫĵĸĸҲ̲סǻ䣬Ͳź޶ԡ
ȷΪǺã²ǼǺðɣ뱾ϻ·ʪյճϺܲȥˣˣȻȥ˴峤˵һָͨҪһɧ
˵Һ͵˷ŮһŲҺ͵˷أŲشأ
ѺشҧúأȻԷݵ⣬ô϶ǲԸ
ûСҲǸ˼һеżˣû뵽ǧ֮⣬תͺϣ
ش磬ҽͣȫΪǷδȻǲƷ
ԽԽڣ϶
Ҳˣ˾˵ỵ˼һָ˵Ҽȥ
£굱ȻҲٴȥ˸׵Ļѣ߷ߵĳš
͵˷˺ݸľ·ϴ˸ˮ裬᷿ˡ
ҲǸˣȻӰбĻһǶ˵ҲһЩģ˵壬ʰ׵Ժţޡ
ڴϵĳ룬հѱ̺ϣԺоʹϵͳϽȡһʱûȡԶ
ͬʱǰһ͸Һ壬һģƷ
ò׬Ľô᲻Ҫȳȷߵĵ˷Ѿ˯ţĴһ
ᷢʹúܹͷŨܶȺںڶ
ⶫҪǷںЩͺĳԱ˵׬ǮԭһͷŨܶ˳㷢òš
ִ2һǡ߾
߾ܹɵɫسƤڶɢ󡣡
ţֵȥ鿴Ʒһջѡ߾
ԭȻӲûעػ紵ɹܵģȻƤۿ仯ǳǰһվӵʱ򣬻ǿϸСɹߣʺ
ȷҪȡ߾
ûԥѡˡǡѡ
ֻһӵʱ䣬ԼһǳɫСƿֻдĴָϸһŵ˷Ȼƿǽҿľһ㵽
ҺģǳСİѶĨϣǱ̹ĸоɢ
ƿǺܶ࣬ȫһ飬ͻϲʣЩʲôˣʹȻûӣŵȥƿ˵ˮҲĨĨ
Щ»صϣ̵˯ˡ
һߣûôõˣźںò׵ļȴ֪Էȥʳˣǰ浽֪ҲѾȥ˴ӳ
ûа취ֻӳȥ
ͬʱ̧֪ȥۣҲûкõȥ
үӣܲΣ֪࿴ȻԲѵۣЩĲ̡
յ͵Ʒϣִӳһ۾һѼϸɴĽϥǼˡ
Ը֪һ赭ˮ۵ϴɾԺ̾ϢҡҡͷΣûУֻȽ˵ˣѰ
ǮҸ˿ڰãɽȥɼҩϢ¹ƾµ·ˡ۾ժ£Žһľʵĺֽͱʡ
֪඼סˣǮһСĿһµ簲òǮͷѾǷûзˣͲǮ
۾һڣҲѾˣϮȻѪģ˫ȣЩס֣ҽҵôˣ᲻ӰԺ·
ĻѾܵԣĽСˣϢһ£ũæʱڣµأ֣ʱֲʳ֪ҲֳԵġ
һ뵽ûʳҪţ߳ҰˣƤ
˵ĺأѾ˼ǣңƲֹ˽ô򵥣뱲ӿܶҪΣ֪ɣ̧۾һۣ֪࣬
Ǯǵ˭ǲǮҩҲͲдˡ
ʹˣ޶Ůģƽ￿ֶӦţûǮֶҲ
һ˽ţ˵˵ҪΣŵ۴ޡ
ƽǮҲǴִţͷĲһͺڴ֪һȥس¹ӣһҲûС
ԲܳΪһзϣ˽Ҳùں뱲ڴϣ
չ£ĿԱߵ֪࣬ǾͰҰҩѸ˰ɣԺһỹǵġ
Ҳ˵ǰԸ񣬾Ǯֻн޻֪಻Լͬİȥٿ
Ȼǰ̧߰ɣıһţƾҪӡ
ҲӲҽһѣĲҪѣ˹أôֻܺˡ
壬ҽҩһ󱦽Ϩ˵ĻѷűߣЦĿʼӿڴǮ
20ëƱİϣҲƽŵֶΪͻȻ˴󷽣ֻǮҩɾҪֵʱȴֽǮסһЦĿۣ
۰Ǯ󱦸ԸôӦһС~


ռҩ

ϵ󱦵ģƽ¾֪͵˵ϲȺŮ֪ɵЦʱĵˮ
ǰƲũˣΪ˫ȣûа취ֻ÷Σ
ͬ־
ﱻŮ֪ӹˣͻȻԷͿؽͬ־Ѿ̹òˣûռˣ
㲻Ҫͬ־Ҵ󱦸磬ǵĹϵԵøһЩ
϶100Ը⺰ģҲûа취󡭱硭
~ܵӦˣڻζƵҰͷ
ʹˣҹıͱû˯ãֱһƢûĳһ󱦣
ֶѽǮ׸ǲϽҺȥ˯
Ҳ¸ˣõĽţǵ󲻵ãЦݡ
лл󱦸æݶҵĽźˣһ㣡ۼ˰æسһԱߵλ֪࣬Ǹǲסڿ࣬
㿴ôСٿ˼Ҵ󱦸磬Ϊ֣Ӣţ
ûбͷֱӽ⣬Ҳã󱦸궼ʮжˣоȱһܹٳּԸ⣬ǮҲ㻹ˡ
ûȵ⣬ЩҪҪӣŮĺӣôҲЩĺҪɵöࡣ
ʱֻҪһѵĶӣϱܹٳֵҲûбʲôڴ
⻰һڣ֪඼̲סֻ̫죬۸ոջڿǿѣŶõĹĿеӢ۾Ѿ¶š
޸󱦵ϱ۵ȻԸ⣬һ뵽Ҫǰ˹һӣֻöķθ
ϵȻûӹ󱦵۾һץϵǮؿڴȻ㲻Ը⣬ôҲǿǮ飬Լ취ɣ
һĹǷֶ֪ӲͻȻӳ׻Ǯĳ˽ţҲֲ󱦵ģò˵ֶӻʱ䡣
ô˵˺ôһúһǲΣ̱ڴǸӿϧ
ҲǼҪҩֻҩȽϹصҩҪȥеһ͵ȥ󲻵ãȰǻĺá
󱦵ĶҲǷǳĹϣһգ۵Ĺ˾͵ſڡ
һ˵йصҩҪѾȲ˵ܷ󣬾дŻسĸһȥµʱ䣬˫ȹͷˣ£ֻϻ֮ƣ
󱦸磬Ը⣬Ҳ
ʱֶѾõˣĻָϽعͷ
У˵
һ븺κ˫ȣڶȺ֮ǰ㲻ңѾˣʱκˣ͵͵ܻسǣһ֮
û⣡һӦĸɴ࣬İǮһš
ô˳ϵ飬Ҳ۷ڣںؼҴ壬ýȢǣʱôô˭Ҳܲš
˸£Ҳñˢˢдҩ

һʱ˷˯ţŵ˴
ջ࣬׵ӹ뵶ӲĹһ
죬عͷѾ˰ɣѾˡ
Ҳ֪ǲĴĳոˣһŰСͺеƵģעĿ
ͬҲڴ
ֻŢϵ·ĥ˿ӣϥǴ²˵ĺۼƣһû˯Ƶġ
ϣȥ𣿡Сʡ
ԼڴΪ޶òޱӵĻȷʵеⲻȥ
ݺ񿴳ĹǣĵĽͣǳͻȻɹϻкЩûü֣е׳ӣ϶ȥʳȥˣ
Ҳ˵ѣǳȥޣǻûߵܰż˼ҴܹĴӳһ˼Ҵҵľȥɹ
ͨɢˮһææ°ҹԺһȺ֪˸裬˸̡
ϵˡָָȡ
û£ϱӵʱ·е㻬ˤһŤһ¶ѣϢһͺˣںˮױߣҸһͲڣϴϴɡݶ˲⣬ǰڲѵܹ˲֪ж٣صöࡣ
ϲһѾӵЧͬʱϲռӣȥɣ
ϵͳǳֵôʱ
ͷлڵĻᣬϽ˿ռ䡣
һΣĿռһͬȥʱվһԺ棬ǰһ̴деѣϸȥҶһɫСѡ
ЩСУһΪۣͷȱѴ˺üֹӨ͸ϻһ¶
һһ¶͵ģȻĻһŷƵֽϴһдֲ˵Ȼм򵥵ͼƬ
ϸƣû뵽Ȼһҩǵˡ
ЩҩңֻǸϴһҩһζҩǿռеģֽ͡
ҩ꣬һҲ֮ʧġ
ͻȻС˵겻һֺòˣڴˣʱںؼҴʱиŤ˵ģνġҴӡεģĲ˵׬˲ٵĺô
ڵľܣڿռ䡣
һΣЩöԷɾ̲ˡ
ϴεľ飬ڿռӷΧϸѰңգĿϹŵ¶ϣЩȻˮе΢ĸоûв´ⶫӦþν͡
ϵͳҲ֤ʵ뷨 ϲ㷢ֵҩͣҪúŶ
뻶ϲ߳ռ䣬ҩֵ÷ǳʱݸոæ죬ýӣһ顣


ɽ

Թ緹ݸȥӵ¡
ʪĹѾһϣҲ鲻ã̫ӵǶҪɹϣһʲô䶯̶ֽӰعȲ
ڵﳤŵĹӣûȶ֮ǰȻǲٰģŮͬ־Ҳ˵Ϣһ졣
˷֪ȥԼûüóű¨ɽ
ؼҴ߿һĴɽڼ|ĵɽ֪˶ˣҰˡƤԼѾѿҰ˴񣬶Ĵɽڲҩȥ
˵ҩ̫ӣ˳Ƥͺ컨Ҫȥϵҩ깺⣬񴺸ĲҩڴҵΨһҪɽѰҵıǼβٺ͡ϡ
ʵļѲժڣûа취ڳҲǺõġ
꣬ɽ·ЩʪľˮҲûȫɽס
·ҲǳСģ˵Ҳ֣ԴӿǸҩԺﾹȻֳܹÿҩӦӣҪҩʱ
ܿڵҩģĲҩɽҲңȻʱ龥󣬵ҵõҲ㹻ݵҩ
ЩҲˣѱ¨һţ͵ˮ
ɽֻ֪ͣţոѰҩͷɽߣ֪ѾɽԶ
ǾׯԶڵɽ򼸺ûʲôϹľïʢûбĺۼ
ԵĹľԵ£Ȼ¶Ģ
Ģ˳ʰɫľǣֲŰ״ѵɫسڸǣҡ
ⲻͷ
ʵ磬СʱҲũģÿġĸ׽ɽȥĢȾɼͷķϣһּܻΡ
رǼȾͷõཷ콷ˣٷĭˬ·˵ӪḻǷǳѵõĺö
ݸոմӲӻҲҪ֣߲ʲôһŶûУ﹡ܳҰУҲ©µġ
ţܶʰͷ糴һζĺòˡ
뷨㿪ʼϸѰɽʪȺãټҹ꣬ˮֳ㣬һɹɽ泤ӵĺʱڣһʰһ20
¨һЩ룬ͷСķźãۿҲ쵽磬ɽߡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһű¨ĴڹľѰʲô
ˣ֪࣬ҲɽأԷһ20ֱ꣬ЦЦ
ԭļвûôС˵ҪϷ֣ûоʶ֮ǰȻҲԲϺţֻεĻӦá
е죬ȴһʱ벻̲סü
־ǲϵҰɣҽ񣡡ԼĺףһҽܣһֺǺǵЦ
ҸǴС浽ĺѣǰЩӣҺأ˶Ҿ͸ýһɩˣ
˵ţ·ϲ˲쵽ǰ
ò˵Ů֪࣬ΣһƤӣ͸ټӯӯüۣˮĺ촽̲סһ׷
ܵãһܣ漤һЩС˵ļ
С˵ȷʵһѣ˴Сһ𳤴ֻ;ȥ˱˽˲࣬Ҳɹļĺ۲
ڸ߿ָԺ󣬺ݳɹϴѧʱȥ򱨸棬㺦ûж顣
Щ뵱Ȼ֣òԵЦЦҪ𣬡̫ˣǸ׼ɽˣҲͲˡ
Ҳˣɽ·ӣҾ͸һɽɣĲ¨һţ˿ûΪֵܾ飬κεĲ졣
Ȼ֪ڸݴ󣬵Ǵ鴦ֻû飬ƾʲôݿôõĶ󣬶ȴֻܴ̫ƽ
飬ҪףǻļֹͣǵѺݹˣְѳŪϣܳɣ
ûû£ŪԼһɽУϽܾ
óǰ˲ʲôýɫü֮һ֮Զĺá
֪࣬˵ʲôɽ·ʪһɽôģո˵ҪɩӣȫȻѳƺƵģ¸߰վ·м䣬Ȼû·Ҫɽӡ
վԭûжһľ룬ոϸĴ˵ΣֱһС·ȻǺܺߣԷһзĶٿ·ܡ
֪࣬ôأûж׽£
ɽ··̫һҪˤ㣬ǰߣҸϾУҲŽŲ˸ƺĽڡ
Ϊ̫ţźһҲûз֣һˣȻֱӰڵأһˤ˸ƨɶס
һˤѽҲŤˣ¨ͷɽ·๾¹
ѽôˤһأ°ɣƾҪǰȥ
һ㶣ͻȻԺĳغϡ
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մϣںݼԺ֮Ǹɲ񣡣
뵱ȻֻøϽתעû£ʰЩĢǿҵзˣ
һЩĢЦŮ˾û֣ҲʶʳΪʲôܳԡ
һŲ¹ͷ
֪࣬ЩĢ࣬жģܳԣ㿴㶼ˤˣҪұɽɣ
ǴģŮϢѳ뱳ɽ˿һĻָΪеʲôͬΪˣͲźûһ㷴Ӧ
˵ݺͳҲΪ»һģôҲͬɣռһռˡ


һ

ڵϣԼԽʱԽܻš
ͬ־û뵽ôаĵĺͬ־Ҫûɽϣһ֪ôأϣʮָмƵġ
ǴӣǴͬ־ﻥӦõģ˵ôƯŮͬ־ҵĸһ䣬Ҳ
˵Ǹľ񣬾Ͳ˵ġһ߱ԹĬĬĴӿռŪһͣڽ
ò˵ͻǺöڽģȻķȣһֱ͸˹ؽڴ
ûãؽڴһϸ΢춯ٴγŶףǹʹоȻʧˣ
㻹˵ˣݴСǸľ񣬲֪㿴һ㡣˵ݵĲǣȻǻ͡
Ѿ̣ԼͶԺôԽ롣
Ҳ֪һ㣬ܸΰɡ̾һȥҲһЩնںһ㣬ͣôһ֮ðڴĹ
ҸоҵĽźöˣһ£׼ɽɣ
һԳߵǰɣұ㣡
һ뵽Ů֪ཿ忿ıϣ̲ס˷ܵش˴֣뵽пȢţ̲סϲüҡ
еأȻ𱳲~վﻹһ㽿ߵζ
ģڴũˣеͷ˫ֳϥϣƨһ׼
׼ʱ̧һţݺݵ˶Էƨϡ
Ǵʱɽϣ񹭱ǰƱվ̫ȣټһʮʮӦǰһɽ¾͹ȥ
ɣ첽ԱߵС·ȥͷҲصܿԶ
û߼ɽĺݡ
Ҳ˵أĪۿһ죬˵Ҳ΢Щôˣ
˷˵ɽˣɽ׻£ҵһɽʲôΣաݾٳٶҲо
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񾭴˿ѾȫɣίľûлȥҸոˡûռұˡ
ˣúݶһҲûġ
ʲôˣһ̲סȭͷ
ʵĪԺͶ˻ɣֻЩһһûüȥ˶ţû뵽Էͷ
Բģ
ո˵ҪңҼװӦעʱ򣬸һţɽȥˡ΢Щ£ɽôߣȥҲ֪᲻Σա
ҹȥݴϽӹ¨Լһʾߣ²ܾôˡ
ɽ·ߣܿͻصոŤŵĵطϹȥԶǽˣʱ§氧
ˣŭĺ룬ûĵģҺҪ㣬Ȼɽ
ųˣټһŮӣ˾裬û뵽Ȼô
˺ڣҲˣ˵Ǻı𣿾ӣֲɵ
ݣǿǴСʶĺѣ㲻ܱһŮԻˣֵ㣬Ů·ϽȥһЦ
ոմɽϹϥǿĵʯͷϲ˵СȶӾȻıһбſϵĹľ֦Ѿ˽ȥ˲Ѫվվ
ݰѱ¨źãЦ˹ȥҾ˵ĺܶԡ
Ҿ֪Ҿûп㣬Ͻұȥ˵ĲᡣҲ˵أ֪ݻƭ
ȥ㻹ûҽҩѣҪҪҰԾЦеģһĵӡ
Ҳ֪ڼũûʲôǮ˵ˣΪ󣡡ǳ룬Ҳ˵ôǮ͸úݳһҲûС
ǰҲû뵽ҾȻͱӵĺֵܣݵϲ֪ʲôʱʼѾûЦ⣬Ŀ
ʲô˼Ҳüͷһ塣
ǺȾƣҹİɣ֪ҼҲѲϵɣ̧ţʹʹһȡ
ͬʱ񷢳ɱһĽ
ݹ׾ƣ˵Է˯øһ֪ô¶ţ
㲻ҪԩˣȻϡ
ҧгݣ֪Ϊ֪ܻܿһŮ֪δҲһֱ꣬һӱ
ϣһõĻ˶ҪˣͱسǣԺ߳ȥҲûпܡ
ݣʶôûҰæܹͳ֪ദ֪ӾͲ㣡֪Ҳסˣ˺
Ȼ֪Ƕ˼˼˼ܹȢؼҵĲҪġ
뿴˿֪ڸĵӣŭ
ԭı磬̶ܴ˵ǴǼ鿪ʼģ꣬ԭ˵֡
ߵǰҲ߶ʮһ̧źݺݵĳ|ȥ
ţɽִɱĲҽ


ͷ

ͺݲûɽͣһ֮ɽˣΪ˱ⷢ⣬Ǻĵĸĸһ
صݼʱѾ磬ĺѾˣ˷ҲûлСİѱ¨ҩɹԺľϣֽǼûд򷭵ͷ˳Žľ
Ģ̣ܳ𣿡ˢһ̵Ģ̲סɡ
ԺժһƬҶӣϸؽͷϵĻϴȥģܳԣǰԹΣ
ҪǷŵͷǸöӪֵߣ㹦Ū
ҲĢ𣿡һʡ
ЦЦ˸ɣڲгߣһЩǵ
ֽܿ㽫ͷϴøɸɾÿһĢгɱıƬװڰɫĴÿ
ջ𣬳ףȹյͨ죬͵ķڹϼȦкõĴⱬ㣬ͷ¹ٷȾһˮ
ˮ飬ֽĽʲݺҰжһ˲䣬һζʹ˳
͸ͷôװãŵϣʱ˷Ҳˣ˼
ɴÿ˼һɰıԵĽƣ΢һˮΣÿ˵ķһ;̼ÿ˵ζ١
룬ֱ̫úˣ˷̲סһĴָ
˺ؼҴôãǲûгԹĺöˡ
ͷԷҲʱƣ|ĴԱͺãʲôɫζȫ
һͷ¶ǣֻо۵ľǻĸоӴݼɢָо˻ζ
ϲøжȣ1ֵ10
˹ĺһھ۾ЦԼԺõǰ£ֵܻо

һ̫ӵĹɹüʱǱסˣ֪ʮ֪İ⡣
峤棬֪ټѾ֪㣬
ũæʱڣ֪޸һʱ϶Ǹϵģѡ񣬴Сڳսңҿ԰ᵽǱȥסоǴȥޣԼȥסļ۸񡣡
СĿս©磬סһס˵ùȥǵĴ̶һˣȥֻ̡ܴ
ǵǼȥסס޵Ļ϶ǺЩҪҪסҪǮ֧ҲĶࡣ
µĲûͷ϶ҲҪǾͳԵ࣬סСȥɣڴҶĬʱ򣬸˹վ˸飬ĩˣһԵꡣ
ۣûмʱϴˮ裬ͷͣķϣ᲻ʲôֻǿ¶˸΢Ц
Ŀ֮󣬸˹͵͵룬ȴûпǳ
̲סЩʧ䡣
Ҳ֪ǲĴĹóָƯˣӰ͸ȫɢһɵȻ񾲣ͺǽֻԶ۲档
ƫƫһֵĮ룬ָԡ
ҾֱɣͬȥСľ;֣ͬȥСģԼ취ȥǸֱӣϲսپ
״ﶼиСסԽ⣬һƾɵСʳã֪ǻԼԵģȷʵʡǮ٣֪ǵͷҲԣԴһ϶ǾͬȥСס
ǴҾʰʰȥôСĳʦǰŴ򿪣ͰȥɡҶû壬кɢᡣ
ǽٺֻŻĿ̫Ŀ֪Ĳ״Ҷ̲סЩ꣬ĬĶû
۹ͼ޵󱦼ȥˣʲôʱ޸ݣ˺翪ʼġ
״ƴȤʵϣܹϽ޹ȥһˣ˯ռֿࡣ
Ҫ޸󱦣Щ⣬˵۹ߣͻȻͬ޸󱦡
С˵һֱС࣬ر֪㵹¼Ժ˵ĹϵõԴͬһӣû˵ڡ
㻹֪ɣ۵˺صˣӢ۾ԣ~˺۵Ҹġ
˵һҪܵģۼˣ֮ͻ޼䣬ֵڡ
ЩҲģϾҲʲôýɫķһ䣬Ǿףúˡ
㲻Ҫӱܻ⣬ͺͬ־Ļ£ʲôʱ죿˺ɰʵס
ڻ໥˽Ľ׶ΣԺ飬Ȼشġ㣬ݲֳ˦ͺá
ΣòˮµڣԷ⣬Ҳ飬֪⼸Ů֪࣬һӲ٣׼һֶʲôֽţסȥˣ˲ٵķ¡
ٹ߿ͻָʱҲŬŬһٿȥȽ˳֤ĻͿһʹȻҲȥ谭ѰԼҸ
~˺Ȥıģ⡣
Աһֱû˵۾һֱ͵͵ضų룬֪ʲô


С

֪Ǻܿᵽ˴С
СĿǰֻ࣬һ꼶һ꼶ܹҲ10ѧѧУһʦ
˵ĳʦȫЩ֪࣬ڴСѾˡ
ΪũæʱѧǶũæ٣ѧУֻгʦһˡ
ͷŵ䣬ˣ֪Ҫ˼ѧҳæƹ˶ûһЩŰשͷһݣҲͿ˯ˡ
УţһŴߣһĽܡ
˹ٲȻһ֪쵼ߵӣǰ棬ллʦˡ
˹˹ĵģһ۾л׵ذ֣ˣ֪ͬ࣬ﻥӦõġ
ҲʱչԼһӾʹȥʦ˵ǰҲ֪ȥģԺͻһ´ɺã
û̻ش
˵ʵոЩҲǿڴ峤Ϲףܴ֪ӳ֪ɳʦҫ£Ҫѳʦɳ´磬治⡣
Ůͬ־ǱȽϺͻ
ƽг´ȻǺõģѧУҪһʦģ
УǾʦģܹܵĲ죬׸ԺѧУҲռˣû뵽ʦδݣֻøϽ˻⡣
ʦ㿴ʱӣȻǲһ˵дһ׺ë֣ũæȥˣҪרֽһʦѧա
ģųݺֺá
ľһë֣ÿʱڣẰȥдǸʱȫģ˼ңҲЩԵģһ֡
һƨ˵ϣһ˲ѸոյĲԺҲЦݣ
ҵҵҪǿĳ֣ʱԽ㡣
Ȼ׳ü⣬óĿ࿴һĹѾʦͽƣٳ϶Ц
ߵңܿνᣬ֪ҲæµΪ˱ˣ˯λǰԭ֪ӡ
ȰӴɨɾм㿸ŷŰˣ밮ɾһ·Űϴɾִŵ˷ȥĴҪһЩϣǳɫĴһǣǿ˯һ̹ĺþ
˺Ѵô̹ҲѧĳȥҪݣȵӳǱˢ˺øлѾʰϣ˹ˮϴ
ȻҲǲģѧУסĽĴҲոѾȥ˺üݣȵȥʱ˵ʲôҲϸˡ
Сһɽ£ҪȥĴҪС·߳ȥҪüӣ̴ĵһ˿϶Ūģػصģ·߲˵м·жܣֻա
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ʮ֪ԺΪͷ˳֪Щʳ쵹ڳˣʳɳӣûüϴ˵ĹͳԷҲֻʣѹƽʱտˮġ
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ȥʦûʲôҪæġ
û˵꣬ѾŵĨͣѧ¥濪
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˰ҰҲԼԼＦܣĽϴ̼һһĪĸоܸоЩＦΪ׼ġ
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ߵ㷢ոճмͷĲϣоȻ͸һɱ֪඼Ŀ
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ȻҶǾͷһ¹ҲƽϣɵĲÿ
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ʲôȳԷѽ˺һѧҪȥֲˣⲻ۸
뱾£ǶԷҪҲͲýʲôˣ
ܲеò֪˵ʱ򣬲ҪҵֱϹѧ֪ĻΪǸҰ帾ûģ
㣡˺Լĸѧøأôһ䣬ðˣ
˭ҪϹָӣҺѧϾǶҲҪ㻮ޣ
ѧѾӴȥˣ˻ûͱ˺һסק˲ٳϡ
ˣֿԽʡһʳûʲôģһ˫峺ӿˣû˳ģ磡
Ҳɣԥ˰ΣǾ֡
ƽʵ׷ߣ˲Ҳûиɻ˼
ã𣿡벢ûֻһ顣
˹ֱȥʰ𣬵ǲ֪ΪΣƾձðһԵûվ
Ȼûˣҳ󻰾˵ǰ棬ϡõĴҵʳÿ˶Էһ룬ǳϡͶˣһڶû÷֣һ
־Զӧѧȥֻ֪ʣηɡ֪ûз񣬶Ͱ͵Ŀ
ĨŰľ·˸ڴУߣʣµλ֪ͬ־͸һȥＦ


Ｆ

ץＦٶ̫ͻȻҲû׼ʲôߣηȥУſڵĴһѻǯУſʰһľ
̫ȥ¶ȽＦĽԽԽ졣
µ䣬ǰ棬ۼֿ죬˳ѰңڿЩɫＦʱԥǵͷ˵Ｆ
˵ＦҲ֣ǰЩӣ͹ǽлûӰӣôãվڳԱߣ˵˷ܡ
ηŻǯ׵ش˺üֱֻҲ͵
˵Ҳ֣ﵫǻܳԵģԵòˣ뵽СԱߵȻôＦ
벻Ƕ룬׳ƲĴǻǰûиӣＦǶں¡ǱˮĿüڵյĲˣûеط㣬Ȼ𣿡
˵һӣһֻＦ
ǰȥҲ~ģһ㺦¡
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һۣ̬Ȳ飬ǲҪȥˡ
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˹ֳһĲӣȥ˵ҲĽＦˣⶫƤȥ࣬ʣҲ࣬ŸҪԱ϶ǲģ
ջ񲻴ﲻȴһĻᣬһ˵ĸ顣
ܳԵζʳѾ̰ͣࡣȥͣ﹵ϴ˽Ųϵͣкǻȥ  
ʱ˷Ѿѻˣʱǽϲѣյ̨ʮá
ＦûηɺѾԸµȥˣȥԱߴﻻݽ˹Ϊͼ֣ȥ꣬Ҹ˾ְ
ĶҲѴ䳶ҰһץԱߵӲݶһЩգͨͨõѧУѧ¥ˮϴɾ
ѾڳԹˣųھϴĻˮð
Щӣܹо˹ֵ̬ı䣬Ҳûдǰǰȡ
ʶܶ꣬ԷǱתԲԼΪǸʧߡ
˼һŵ߽ڿҪﾮʱһ˾ȥ
žڣͷժգͲˣԷѹ죬Ҳװ֪
оһӰ͵Աһͬʱһֻ˳ȥ
ֻáͨһˤ˾ˮȻͷԽȥģһǺ˺üˮֽŲòϵڣԽżԽǻңֻԼ𽥴
̵Ľ˷źãۿڵԽԽûǰȥϴקԷӾﳶ
ݺݵĺ˼ʵĿŸоԼ˹ոǽƵȥģû뵽ڱ̦߳һӾͲǰˣҪǣȣĸԴ
룬ǳĵĶԲԣող㱻͸ʲ
꣬˵⻰ûˣոҾ㣬û~һ޹
Է⺦ˣҲκεθУˣһҧûţ˭Ҳǿаͷ
㣡걻òᣬҪѽôҪȣҷǵ֪ǰҴαĿ
ĨϵˮƾҪ
ϴõ˾ߣζضһ䣬ĵĹкҲ򣬲֪ĻΪ㻳ʲô˼أҲҪ֪Ǻúõ~
һƬ΢Ĳ˰Σվû˵һ仰ֱԶˣվ
ȵȥ˵һ׼Ѿλ
һ͵ＦⷭƳȹͷ罷콷ԺＦһ𷭳ζɢԺ󣬵һưˮ
־Զǰջ۾ŹĲˣƮζѾ͵͵Ĳ˺üοˮȻһԵȳԷ֪Ҳ⡣
ƴſеζһͦıֱ쳤˲ƣ޲ȥһӡ
жԾѾˣܲʲôɫζȫŵĲˡ
չＦ֭ܿŨ׻ɫ֭ˮðһݣըɢ˵
ʱ򣬳ٽҰкհ͵͵ʲݶѸٵط
Ϊûд裬ҲʢˣֱӰѹһţͿԿˡ
ÿһ࣬վףΧͿˣҵĿӶһ㣬ѸٵļＦš
һŽͷ㣬罷ᣬ콷һԶĳζ٣ھ׽䣬۵Ｆⲻ们θﷴ޾С
֪Ǿδ磬ټＦζʵ̫Ҳ˲֣һＦȥ˴룬ȵθ̹ˣ¿ӵٶȲ
һǱĳУֻг벻ģȻҲûпŻв˵ٶȣһ˵š
ѻƵƹԾ˹ֽڣ̧۾͵͵Ĵ룬ֻҪɨȥһˮ񣬵Ǵ˿̣Էֻпϵʳ۽Ƕδ
һ˵ʧ䣬ͷ
˺粻֪ʲôʱѧˣ˳Եòֺ˵ĶӼͬʱ
֪ʳǷһģҲһݣȥʢǹĲˣҲǵķݡ˺šѧϵ⣬һơ
֪ʲôöԶŵ˲˵ո·ʱһ۹Ｆɫƣ͸ɫ󣬰ɫʷḻϣѾ˺üĭϲϼӣ˯˯á
ѧЩΣҲΥ˼ʢԺӲͷƤſ
ƽﶼһ£һͲͣӣҲû˼˵ʲôһͷ࣬װûп
ѧĿӼеʱһãոռеϵＦֵع
һ鱥ʵＦŽԼģ
Զߣǲˣûķݣ
˺ǻʱһ˫ÿɨȱ̬ȣ
֮ǰҾ˵ûвģһҲ֣ҪĴԺָٳˣ
˹ֱ㸽ͣûڳǰˢһøУŅ̀ͷ㿴վſҲͰ͵Ź
ѧ˺ֵܹ⣬ô϶Ҳֵܷһݣʱվǻĺ£ߵĻֻȥ
ûаգɲٻ˺øС
һ࣬ŹΪļＦ⣬һ˫ûԹӣһԶȫнĿݵǰ
ϴＦʱҶĿãͳ֪ץ࣬ģԷ˹ģû¼⣬ʣµ㶼ûɣ
˵ǸˣһָųԺԵģ׷׵ͷ
û
֪Ե٣Ǳ͸ø
ǾллҵˣҲѣӹ룬ŵļһＦݽһܵľ׽š
վڷſڵ꣬ݺݵһĭίת˷


Ů˴

һ磬ұҪһѷĽɻ
봩ֻһ쵾ӣ۵ۣΪĹϵʱϢһ죬û뵽ѵô졣
糿̫ûĴȱѾĽﶼǶҸڴ
֪࣬簡
ĲˣϹɻо
֪ʲôʱٿ硭
ϳＦ֪࣬Ĩһ𣬻ﻰ˼ҲǳԣǾڴһδ
5øжȣ15ֵͷԵ˳š
ڵһӣʱչŮ֪࣬ûаӵĻոɵġ
ͬ־ǣͶ٣ߣӼ͸ɣ׾ܳԱһȣЪ˹
һӺߣǲߵĺ磬ƷֲУôߣӼ͸ɣҲƳԲ
ǱԹ鱧ԹǵøɣΪȱ䲻Ԭ¡ƽҲ첻ո
ͬΪŮ֪࣬˺ڰԱߣһî˸ɾʹȻϳ롣
һˮŮ֪ԭڳͥõģĶŮʲôóԵĺõģǽڸɻͲŮ֪࣬ﲻǸǵܵãСͿʼ£ֽȻöࡣ
˺ؼҴ꣬Ů֪϶ũҲ˸ˡųɣֻԭɻٶһֱȽִòƯټ֪ƽҲû︸ĸ㸱ʳƷֻҪ̫֣֪Ƕһֻ۱һֻۡ
񣬷ָҵģҲһԻҲû̫ìܡ
ЩˣԶҪõģõ٣֪ʲôˣϣ˺ûгＦ⣬һ嵽׵ϡ࣬ҹǹʳȥ˯ž˵йߵζ̶
ɻŮͦ࣬ϲԽҲ٣һָɣĻмѾ͵͵Ц
һ˺Ҫѽ͸Ͻ޸ﺺӣڼŲҪۣ
ɻۣ뿴ǵ޲ȥ˺飬ڳ򵽿﹡﹵ʱ̲סһЦ
ѽ~һУ﹵ֱֱ࣬ķ˺硣
˺籾ֿЦ⣬һֱӺϣˮ˳
⻭棬˵Ǳ
һ²ЩֵĸЦˣڴӵͬ־ǣҲЦǰϡ
룬ô۸أһԾгװƵģͳӵݸ˺硣
һɤţɹ˴ҵĹע
tui~ô˿ţ˺ҲĨװİˮ˳ͳ뿪ˣ
룬ǲëĸҹȥǰɣ˵Щû¡õ٣ûеյ˵㣬վ±˲֪ǰɣ
һҲ˲òŹӣƽҽǸû꣡
˵䣬˺־Ҫȥͷ
뵱Ȼɵ㶵ǵվԭأɵһͶ㿪Ĺץס˶Է
ԭ壬ᣬϸûʲô˺緢˷Ƶֻ±˦ѿˡ
ܿ죬˱Ťһ
ãݸɹһӣλƵ߻»ûüһˮһӳ£
Сͬ־ŶλδŵĶںһŮ֪
ģʶأڵվ
ƽ￴ȥģϸ첲ϸȵûҪԿ
ǸӳһָڻǰǿСͦףȰȰ
Ů˴޷ǳͷܣټϻֲͣʲôҲͿ֣Ҳû˭ȥܡ
ûѻ꣬ͽıⵣһţ𼱻ǵȥ
ʱֻˡڻͣڻָʲôܱһվſ֣кںż͵ġ
ۼһžҪţҲ˲ô࣬ٶȷɿԾ￲ͷϵĶһڣɹĶϮȻüͷ˺磬
Ҫʲô
֪˭˭ʶģֻ뻤ǰνСŮˡ
һ˺ͣĶǸίƺ֮ˮڶ
ѧɻվԱ߿˰죬˵Ů֮ܲò֣ûæ˼ҵĶһͻӣûжԱȾû˺
ݣˣܲף˺ϱͣʱֻֻ۾ڶ˵Ļ
Ҳ˲൯ϻģźݣίͰ͵գ۾˵׬Ĺ٣û£˵ûˡȻҲŶһС͡
ӿȥһµСѧ
Ʋȥһͷĳ嶯࣬дһ˵ţһö֣¶㳶ƽˣ
˵һ仰Ժתͷضų룬 ˮϲϽȥոˮϴ裬Ļɣ


ˮ

꿴ٯٯĻ棬޵
ͬ־ԵǲƽվûסȵĻʱٸӣȻǱӳˣֵÿ~
⻰Ϊ룬ʵǵ㹤ֵ¡
֪Ů֪ͬͬס͹ϵȻҲһ𣬳׬Ĺ٣׷ֵĶ٣׷˶ǷһԣȻ׬ٵǸ˾ռ˱ˡ
ݳ˳ǵһƽҵȻó֪ù֣߿˹Ӱ֪ʹƽ
ѵ൯Ķ´ԶϣÿȻһȵˣԼǰ£ȻٰӣǸϲǵٶȣԷʱӹ
뵹ǲ˽ӣ뺦˿࣬ش磬Ҫȥϴ˰ɣ
챾ȵûţһʪ·϶ܣģҿ϶꣡ݶ˵Ϳʼӡ
ҲǷģÿеḷ́һ粽վм䣬ңƵģৣܿһš
һѺѳһѣعͷȻ﹡ϵĳ룬Ҫ治˼͸Ͻȥ£
˿ȷʵ˵ܣ˺綪һͣȲ˵󲱾Щɧһģ첽ݼҵķܡ
ǰʱһʪ·ǴߣÿԻϡ
ȵԶˣ˺һ˫۾ضѧȻԼѧһºݣӢ۾ϵζֲʧòһĭȻװûпƵģתͶ뵽ԼͶС
ѧ֪࣬ȻɲĻΪӺĻҲӲġ
üֿȴ˵ĺܣҪȸ߸ȻݺݵڹϣܳɹҪ˵ȷɽˡ
Ů֪ǸӵٶȲ죬ϸһɻ׳ũӣȷʵеУһʱ䣬ԼˮϢﻹԸȥ˺ӡ
ѧǿˣ˺ҧҧϴ¶ûˣӺҵزһȻῪʼɻ
վǳλãԱߡ
ƽũӣһ۽ǶģվһŸɻʱýЩԾľͻᳯȥ
Ӳ֪жãҪسǼֱڵ죬ÿһסڽϴ軹ҪȥԱ߼ªʱСľÿεսľŶ롣
һµ뷨ίίԼ޸ݣЩҲͻ֮ı䣬Ժл˳ǣһŵǡ
뵽ЩǱŲŲŲƫͷȥĿŵش
Ҫ࿴ۺȻ֣ˣ
٣ģСɫƤһʵ޲סرǱõټԵߣ䴩Χһֱ졭
ȿȡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôЩеûģҲԾ
˹־һ߸ɻʱʱĳݿüͷ
ûãһˮͰؾ͸˹
ҰĻͣһͣȱˮˣ
ľͰһţߺһɻȶ׳ģҪȵһˮõıǾˮ
ݼԺһڹžúžˮůֵϵͳм任һСƿǾ򵥴ֱˮһͳ˱ˮ
һû˶ѧ￲Ϣð˿˿ıˮֻа֮ǰ˺ողźܣֲ֡
ѧͬ־ȻҶȳһ˵ţù룬ʹͰҨһٴεݻ
ѧҲ˲ô࣬˹˺˼ڣͿڸԼˮ̫һɹȵģڱˮȥֱ̫ˣ
ľˮǻȻ˿˿ĴӺڻͺ˼µĺأͻȻһʱ꣬ŢɬҲʧȡ֮ǻζĸ
̫ˣѧһ̾
ﻹ̵ס׷ףһһģˮ
ش磬ˣһǸģҲûȥͰǽĲȥ
ݸɻ죬Ϊ˲ӰȣͷɱĲˮͺˣӵıˮֻһů
лл򵥵ĵлȻ󽫲һš˹˵ľȥ˰ƿ
·ոյƣһɨա
˺Ȼǲ˼ȥȱˮֻͷɻ
ǿϡеĶھˮŵǣǳ︸ĸģҳ̣ոһĲƽҲڣ仹ʼЩֺá
֪࣬ոһôһͰˮ϶Ҳۻˣɣ㲻ĵʱһ㣡
ǰǰȻһ㣡
֪˭˸ͷһܿ˸ɻĶ顣
ոջȥ浹һˮϴϴӣˮ򵥵ϴ˸ͷϸˬʣˣҲ˲١
ۿ쵽磬ӳϳʱ磬ԺЩ¹
һ¹ܵñӻ죬֪ǻǽ࣬׷ˮ﹵ϴֽš
۾ķˮӱߵмСֶϤСʱס⹫ңûʪĶڣǻ
Ÿ߸¶һذ޳Сȣֽĸ
ϸϸ۵ֲһһɫҷһĹʮѾɹ붷С
֪ǱҪߵģǿųļƣҶŲţҪ֪ʲôģ꼸ץˣѵõζ
ϵＦҿǻѾԶڳҺ
뽫ˮӱһСͷԺ󣬽ˮľͰϸĽϴɾ׼չ
֪࣬㲻һ𣿾⼸С㣬ÿ˻ֲһڣѧѾװݵڳǰҲ˲˺粻ˣͰ͵Ĵ
ŶҴشԣлİæ磬ҾͲҵķˣգһ˫޹۾ûҪ˼
˺ۼѧ򹷲˵ߵʳҪˣŭľҪľͰ
룬ɻ֪ˣĶ֪Ķ޸ݣⶫ㻹ز˽
ʱҲԱǰ룬㻹ûˣ֪ĻʳһģѶߣĲʡ
޲ˣɳ֪˵㣬ⶫҪ˭ϲʣҲɳ֪˵㣡
ʱһͳдԵɤͻȻ𣬺־ͽӹľͰһ˫۾Ϭɨ˺꣬
⣬ҿ˭۸
лҪ˵Сɰǣ
  ڴҵ֧£9Ҫv~зºͲ䣬ܶСɰ൱ѿģvǰʹҲҪ~лֺ֧Ͷ~
  Ϲ~~U( B بBU)
  ԤģﵱŮ䡷ղأҵרɻһöȴˬСɰ~
  İ
  汾һСɣڷʱʧܣȴ鴩ԽѼɢԪ
  һɫ˼Ǻ޵Ķĸ񶾺衢š
  ЩɫԹĶ񶾷ɣûԼԪ÷ɻҸһ 
  ЩŮ˱ҵĽ֣ӣıˡ
糡һ㽿ŮĶĸ
  ŮҪѧ٣Ҫ裡㲻ӦƫĵĶ񶾻Ůˣ
  濴ӵͲ¥ŮΪ裬ϧԭҩڣ
  ˫ֲȥѾѧ٣ȥѾ裡ĸҵˣ

 24 

û뵽ݾȻִ, һνȰ, Щ²̨
˹ֵȻΪôС, ų޸˺ݡ
˰ɣʱǼĻţǰֿɵʱ, һ뷨Ҳû, ˵Щ, Էɫ˦һ, ƫƫʧ䡣
رϳԹĲԺ, Ǹоθץס
ͬ־֪ˣץŴѵİ÷, ȻҲһС, ֻ֪֪ĹأϾֻǺͳ֪ڴ֪, 㻹ǲҪ˰ɡ˹ֳһȻ˵һʱȫ˽, ֻڹ¹졣
֪ݸո˵ЩżȴΪ룬ʱٳĬǾ۸ˡ
˹ͬ־仰˵ľͲˣ˼, ûκ˰æҲֻҸ˵£֪㻹ǳϹϵһ˫۾ֱŸ˹֣
Ȼ־⼸Ĺ飬Ǿȥһ´峤ô˵
飬ȥ鷳峤֪Ϊʲô۾˹ĪеĻš
ʵҲԳ룬ֻǲݼˡ
ۼ߸˹û˸ոյƣʱĲ廰
峤ողŴ﹡ǹȥǼӿŲһϣþҲãô϶
ǳǳЦЦȻҶͬǾȥһʡ
ʵ÷ǳ϶˵ģ峤ְ񣬾վڴֹ⣬Ҳ֪꣬ҷˡ
ҪҪ˵㣿
Ȼû˺
ʲô𣿡Ϊ峤ëƤС´̫ˣһ֪飬֪Ҫ
򵥵Ľ򾭹ĩ˻ɿ䣬ƽԼĶҲûٷָңֻǽشҲæҾ㶫úллû뵽һ
Ĺɣһ˵壬ǳŵҲ̲ס˼ɫ
һԿǽһǰĳһֱӣκεĶ߷磬ҲûʲôԼû뵽ȫһӣݲ˵رơ
һӦòСڣһǰʣҪָⶫӵģȻⶫСͬ־һŪģǴҲûʲôæͲҪһֱȥռ˼ұˡͰһۣɨԸ˹Ϊ׵֪ࡣ
лҪ˵ֶⷢһ9㻹з¡Ϲ

 25 

˵Ļ, һǲҲ, и˳, ֪ഹͷɥػ˴С
䣬Ϊж󣬶᲻ѵõζ
Ϊ˽Լ, ԸҪˡ
ɸΪ֮, ҲֻǺ׷, һҰˡһҰ, Ϊ˳Լ, ȥɽ˼Ӿһʾ
ʯļ׷ϣֻײ, 
ûгԹĲ, ǻѾѵõζûбȽϾû˺ＦԱȺ, ֪඼ֻϵĲ˹ѵζ
οһ뵽ʱڳǾ͸ơ
˷Ͳ˵, ǰųԹͷٺӾﵭ˵ȳЩܾζ
֪㣬ÿ˶, ǰֵʱһܻôҵһºǽ죬ģȻʧˡ
֪࣬˲θ𣿡Ÿ˹ֽŵüͷ̲סеʵ
ûС˹ޱİһڷȻǿһЦּ֮Ĳɵļвˡ
Ҳû˵˼ϴ˼죬˷Ȼɻ˵ľ崲˯
һߣźݻ˼ңΪ¹磬ϢʱĳĿʼ
һɸϴɾȻȥɹԺ󣬱ҪӺࡣ
ͽɰɣȥ׼ˡݸոһֱڰæջϨ˻ȥԺһС֦ߣ˳ֽӹʢ롣
ӺĻ֪ͦ࣬밮ɾ˼ڣ
ϲˣϲ˵й̣رŪ಻˵ȣصֵڡ
ũԺպҰǺܳĶŪһ㣬һͷŪЩҲˡ
͹ķŹһȦ¹ƣȻǵһߣȳո׼ϣϷζĩˣһʲݣɫζȫ
֪࣬һ˫֡һʢŷһ̾ˣոճȫĲ档
뽫ŵϣǽǱ䱡ɣϴɾ˼򵥵װΣԭľɫӣɫ޵ĲƷио
ִʱȻǾǼĸɫ٣̵Щйѧϰ
Ȼ˵ҲʲôǳЩһ˵ĸоȥر
~鼫ѵڲǰ£ȿɸ˵ãֻϲˣϴˢ¶ҿɲ~
۵״Ц⣬ⷬ˵һζģʶľ͵ͷãġ
ϸϸըִ࣬ȴϸˬڣټϵʣﻯһ㣬˺޲ðͷȥ
һһһȻ󷢳̾
ʰԺһŵǰȻ
ԥãվûסʣ֪Щ֪ǡǲǴĲ̫ã
ʼʱļ⡰æٵ֪£յĴԼĹ⣬Կó֪ǼŮŮӲ١
رǸ˹֣һ˫۾ģȥͲǸˡ
ʵҲǰ̫ˡбϣ͵͵̾һ
ԭһ̫ˣ˵ѾڳŰˣõũԲӵĿ࣬˵Ĺ֮õĺ£ôװ׵˷ˣеϧ
֪ǲΪԭֻǵԭ̿ǲ˵ԼıҲزס︸ĸĶִŵķָ֪ǣӾˣǷǵжӦҴĵ￴
ȴǡǡ෴ЩϵĹƾһֺóգĲ˵׬ȡ˲ٵ档
֪ܶϳ˿ȴݰĽмӡ
ǰ£;ø˹ֺּÿһ˼źһ𣬴Ӷ࡭ھö˼£𣬻ñ֪Ҳҡ
˵⻰ʱϷǰŴִӺŴһ೤ڿɢ
Ҳ֪ԼôˣԼ̸ʱǿĵģһΪ˹ֺ꣬һ𣬳һɳصɬС
˫ĬãСʵ 㡭ڣź͸˹һ𣿣
ͨˣ˹˼Ʈˣʺңҵδ޿ܣȻҪΪԼ仰ԭ˵ģǳԼﻰ
Ժ󻹻и߿Ŭѧȥء
֪˺Ҳ޲ѣ޲ȥ֪Щ˶ɹġԼ
˵ʵԼҲûаգһ˵һ죬ͱԷɹοԷⱾŮǣսûʼͶҲķ
˵ô㤵Ĵʻ㣬ﶼһһģ֪òģûʲôõİ취Խ
뿴ǵĻɢԼĵĳԹҲһƬ
һ۾ͬʱüëЩ٩ô㵣ң
ݱ󵨵Ķ̼ͰͰû˵һľӣǸҡҡ
ֻĿҪƵģͷҲʼðϸϸĺ뵱꣬Ϊ±ӣǰ趼ûŹ
ϲջøжȣ2ֵ30
ڴʱԺܵϵͳĺøֵջѡ
ǰ˵ÿζһøֵԶһֵҲֻ10֪ΪΣһξȻֱøжȣÿһøж5ֵ
ıڣôӦҲӰ쵽ÿһˣⱾռķԽ㣬ĺøжܶһֵҲࡣ
Ҳ̲סЩˣ˵˹ֵĺøжȻֻ10ֵǲζźⱾеķԭеǻһЩ
Ҹȥһԣ£иҪҪ
ش硭ҪǺɣ벻֪Լǲֱ̫ӣ㡣
ʲô벻֮仹ʲôǿԺģԷһ֪ʶӣòŮֻ꣬һ־
㿴ҲûȢţҲûǵĶִŴĻӣӦʱҲûй˵ˣҪٽ飬ҿ֪ЩŮ֪ǵİ㣬ҲԳԵҳζȣ㿴ɻ㣿
ǸִŮ꣬ٽŶΣС˵ǵӾ綼˲٣Ϻһ˷ĵˣܹܣмϷģҲкӮģȻҲвɢġ
һ֣ѭ˳Ȼԭ
ͬڳ룬ʱĲ˼û㿪ţ£ʮֽģǺϣѾռ˼ұˣ˼Ůӵֺ
ҪǣһʱദԼųǰֿɰֲԼԿһ֪ͼĺĳ
һΪ˸ȣɽҩ⣬һΪܸԣϧ˹ַ
֣Ӧð
ӿ԰ﵽĻԸ⡣֪Ǿ˶˼뿹ڵͷ
ڼװһ㣬ٽԺԸ߹°뱲ӣȻԴԷԺܹسǻõĳ·ȻҲԸ֡
ϾӹҲл϶ûС
Ӧ뻶ϲ֣
һʱûзӦ㶵Ŀʲô
Ҳýֱͣסϵ֣ѩ׵СɫգȻ˻ΣǴɹʶ
εˣȥƵգ򵥵ޣͰ¶ˣ
ɷϣȽϼ

絾ҲĻһո꣬󱦺۵ĽƵ¡
˵ϲƱǰҪģֵũæҶûÿУ졣
Ϊһ֪ͬ࣬Ȼﲻ⣬˻ҪȥģȻʱָЩô
Щũǽ޵ýӣͶѵȴ٣ﻹԣϲưǿ
֪֪һ𵽴󱦼ʱڴſڵľӭӱ͡
ꡭԼõѣסԷ֡
ֻǼĹԼ·Ѿ͹ȥ˳Ӻ磬ֻĴ
ܹģһܳȥͺˡ
ۣô۲ۣһʱ䲻̣ټһֱûжκвⷬĵĻмʵڡ
ʵãһʣ۵ߵһ㣬રવµ
ȷʵûʳԣȳµĵڶ糿ȥҩҲٶȥɽҩܹоõԼá
ǸޣȻȽŲ㣬ӲϹס
ϣһְʹţһɥĲĶ죬вӣԺý⡣
۰ҲûиˣᣬǺúÿ㡣󱦲֪ʲôʱԱߣ¶ŵЦݡ
Ѿĳ֮һ㶼ᷭʲô˻
Բ𣿡걾ǰҪ۵ģΪôһ׮£ȻһԷҲĪͬ顣
ϣã֪ܳ㲻˵ںݼҳһٱ˵Ҳһҵ³
һ룬ֹ˲ۣͬﰵЩ
ҵָܹǴҲͬġۿ޺˫ۣԴȳԺһֱڿͻȻָ漣û뵽δʵ룬
һжˡ
Ů֪һվڲԶۡ
ͻȻС˵еһ֪ʱԭѾˣϣͿ˯ڱ˵£ȻҲûо֪㵹⡣
һУ۵Ȼ˵ģҲ֪ôκõģָ֮ܿ˽ҺϵҲС
ݵĽţ͸һβҩĨһͣڵ2ȥӵĻɴ˿˵ռҩ顣
ûв´ĻӦ˿ռҩκ۵ȣһʧ˿ռ䣬Ҳʧҩۼ˵¼
ĸıⱾڣ
˯ҩҲȥ۵ȣ˶벻˵ҩ˱¶ǰ
飬ҲʲôĻ˴һѣݰݸĸ˲˿ڣҲˡ
Щ꣬͵˱صϲ磬10ΧһŰͰ͵ĵϲˡ
ëǮķӣҲø͸Ŵһǰȷԡ
Ҳ֪˶ãûţȴһ˻Żŵ˳
ѽˣ˵ͻȻͷζģ˶ϴˣûˣ


 26 

ڸϲƵǴţ, żȻǸӵľ, üͷ, 
Ҳǵģ粻ͷΣͷ, ҽͷΣҿǸǮģ
ǺؼҴĳʦ, ǰԴʱ, ڹʳ, ʱ, Ҳܵ˴ǵ׷Ǽͥ΢һЩģ˼ϲʱ, ëë, ͼ
ɣͬ־Ҫȥһʦ, Ҫʱ䣬ֵ磬ҹƶ, Ҫŵùңٷͽɣæ
ôΪ˸ӣֻǵ׬øжȡ
Ｆ֪ǵһºȻϵͳûн, ȴķ֣ܶһֵ20Ǵαˮ˶30ֵ
󱦵ĻȻ㲻ϴģǷȥҲ6Ŀˣ԰֣Ҳ30пˣĲ˻˴ҵϿɣ˵ֿԳʮֵ
㡭𣿡´һۣϸ첲ϸȵӣֳý˿ӡ
뻹ûлػһԵͼˣ㰮Ųţǳ֪ĴҪǽ⣬㻹벻գ
ԴǴγȥＦͳĸԣڳԺŶˣҲά֡
ҲĻ˴ҵĲ棬֪컹ᾹȻҲԸͣ
֪೴ԣ
ͬ־ڽŮƽȣøŮӦеذ
ǰǰ
վһ۽ǳȥѾĸŮŮǸŮòã
ҶϿɳĳգ󱦾һУֻҪĲ˴ҳ⣬Ҹ3ëǮ
УʵǮǮĲҪӿֵ
İƳ齻֪ֿʼҵ
ǸӼǮĶͷܿ㽫쵽˳ͷεѾͻ˼ңﻹûгһˡ
򵥵شһ۳Ȼܴ󣬵ʮּªשݳɵĴһĨڵһջĴﺺӳЦЦ
ϸؼʳģνϲ磬ҲֻǼ򵥵Ĳһ
ħС㡢ҰˡӾ򵥵ˣҲ㣬ʦû׼ʲôϣֻһཷ
ħѾгɿ飬ҰҲϴɾˣΨһҪıӾ˴ӶȽϼ򵥴ֱֻǶ԰˺һЩŶûдɾ
һæӣϸʾδӾѻȥԺ󣬱㿪ʼ׼
׼ļ㣬ͷСƴСϸĴ˻Ȼζ
Ϊ˱ʲɣĹȥԺﳶһҰкգϴкñá
Щ㿪ʼʽˡ
㶹ʮּ򵥣Ƭըζƣˮ󿪺붹ȵѩףٽʲݰŴлֽĽ˷ֳ5룬һԵ¡
ֳħ峴ҰˣһӾ˵Ĺ̻˲һСʱ
ϲƵĴ͵ȵòͷˣò׿ӳ˳һû죬
ʲôζ˿첻
ҶǰˣСҼҵģȻٶȲС
²Ʋ˵ζҲһˡ
ҲǵıԹ⣬ûһӪҲռʲôˡ
ΨһܹıǿģǲƷζ
ʱ󱦼ҰæļӶ˳һЦģϲϲ
սʱ⼸ǻ໥ԹСҼҵ£С||ɣһӾҪб̫࣬ȵѲԺ󣬹ŹﴫǰͶûа׷ѡ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ㶹ƴſɢȵеĲ룬ұ㲻Լͬӣٵ¿ٶܼ¶Ĳ˾ûˡ
ոջڻĳգû뵽⧲
뵱ȻҲԼ˲ˣֻص֪ڵĲϣҲʲô֣ڴҸտʼԲʱÿһЩŽЩȶģֻԼķҲ÷ʲô
ۼһ鶹¶ǣ϶ðһ㱡ζǰҶ˲òһӲ¶ȥһӡ
ʶ꣬보ʲôˮƽ˵ѳԣɲ֪Ϊô̵ʱ䣬սȻô
رϲһħħ󱻳ʮ־ҲŵͷܻһЩũ̳ˮģҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬲һּζƷĿڸһΣ˻ζ
Ҹᣬһ׳룬˵ƭĲ׻ط  
һͷʱˣ޲ڡ
֪࣬㳴˵ˮƽʵ̫ˣһүӣ극ԺδĲ˲죬תͷһĴָ
һҲͷͣǵģǵģô꣬ҴûгԹôóԵĲˣ
보Ķʮƽļҳˣƫƫÿ˵ζӵ˼¡
ҺܿһһĿʼĸ˸óԣﻰ֮䶼ǶԳ͡
Ҳǳ⣬˷ϲ¾ˬֺ˵Сƣ˵ģëĵݸ˳룬
֪࡭ˮƽ
˺ӣյĲ˳úãҶڿޣָϲҪ֮䴫üգëǮֱֵ̫ˡ
ллҲëǮټƱȥĺ϶⣬ҪײҪ
ϲǵصһֻϰףȤȻشС
ճ󱦼ҵţû뵽Ȼվ·ڡ
ղԷ˸ƵģŹȲ˵һѣЩࡣ
ͣԺǸˣ
һľ룬治ɫػش𣬡Ļ죬Ҳڵ³
˵Ļ죿Ϊ㲵Եʣһ˫۾ݣеˣ
ĻǺݣȵ͸һܶʲô˵Ƕ׸Σ˵ռıˣ
ǸʱҲɵŰ£ֶܹԷģʱѳ뱳ԼĴһҲᷢ
ô˵ɣ뵱Ȼ˼ݱ⣬Ͼϣ˼ҵ·
СˣҲ𣿡񲻸ģСʱݣû뵽ȻǸ֣
ǳŮ֪࣬ѵ㲻س𣿡
һֱΰĺˣθϽģ˵ʲôСˣûƿ˹ȥ
˵ˣһزسǣƨ£
ѵñֿڣ仰һڣȴĪľˬ
ȻģŹȻعͷıӰزسǣҲԸйϵ
Щ棬Ļͣס˽ŲȻǱ
ͣһϲýڳİٻ̳£ԸҺøһأҰ뷨ӣŪسﵱۻԱ
⻰ƭƭ¶֪СҲˣƭ롣
ľۻԱΪ̳ЩƷдƷʲôģ۴ΪڲԱȻܹ͵ļ۸õСĻƷ
˵ʱʮǮһµĹʣũ˵ֱۣý£ô˳еõܣҲڼũ
붺һЦӯӯĻعͷһ˫۾ﺬˮĶضڿ󶯵ʱһѵһĶһ仰
ôӡ𣿡
Ҳ仰Ĵֱ̫Զԭء
ϲ׬˶ʮֵټϺݺݵһٻˣãڻȥ·ϣһ߳һ߱ûñ˴С
Դ֪ס˴ССУűҲûйع
Сͷ߽У԰û뵽ȴײӭУ԰ĳ
֪ǰ磬һֱĬԱûȺﶸȻôһ̲סһ
ǰ֪Ҳ̫ÿˣ
ƴСʰ۾رϸ޳˵ƨƨɣν崿һҺȣͲֵһᡣ
ɤӣѧŸ˹ֵӰѹѹ
мˣһ˳ǣٹ˹֪࣬ǵ
ܵʦҲǷһ˼ģ뾡취˺Сú˵Ļڶˣû뵽ٰǰһ췴ڣ޸ڴһӣΪǸ⣬سŵλ
Щﰵ˼ŮҲ٣ߵģѡһѡѡѡȥýҲ֪ޣܵ˴̤żĲӰҲͱʣ
ֱʮҲʼżֻҪʵŮӣЩīˮû뵽ͦã½ڴŮ֪֦
ɱѡĶȻԽԽá
ոʱײԼԵŶͷ û뵽ûÿôһ᲻ʫ䣬
̲סεس˳ǣʦҵˣһ𣿡


 27 

ո絾æµ߷, ͣҪʼ, , ֪ŮŮÿºôǮ粹ʲôۻ, Ҫǻţ, Ա㲻ȥ׬Ǽ, ûϢ졣
Ϲ, 뵹˯, û뵽һˣž˵Ĵͷȥ
Ҳû˯, üͷ, ȻľͿ껹ûüĵ
ѽǲ˼㳳ˣ귭һ, һǸ
ѧУ֯ȥϪҰʦһȥ֣ҪҪȥ޹۾, ĴǸΪٵڴ
⸱ģ˭Ҳ
˺Ҳϴһˢڿûĳ˳꣬ϳʦѾ֪ͨҪȥȻȥ, Ҳ̫ˣ㿴ǸǶ㲻
˺һֻɰСãΪ룬˭ƫƫ뻹ʶãֱǲ
Щūŵӻûأôܳͷˣ 
æһ磬ô˳˲ССҪķѵԲ٣ֱֻ۵ľ˯ˣ֪˵Ұ¡
㣡˺类ؿڷ¡
ǰû룬ԷǹǰԴᣬû뵽ԷϴδӺݼһԺ󣬾ͺ˸Ƶģ˶
Ǽ飬˵˷˵Ҳ͸©Ѳɱˣ
飬˺ûٻ졣
ҶȥҰҵȻҲȥһ˺磬ķ𴲡
ǵãԭҲҰڣʱؼҴСʦһȥϪϪҰչգСͬѧǵĲٺøС
ⲻҪģҪǲ֮һλʦ˲ǰݣСճһʦΪʾƽԿνѧ⣬ѧͶƱڣΪΪĺøУɹӮһιĻᡣ
һССѧʦʲôߴϵְҵǱȲϳĹ˹ʸߣǾλȻȡ˸߿ָϢҲ쵼ѲĻᣬŪһЩ߿ϰϡ
˵ϴѧѲϵɷϵǣݹṩĺô
ȻҪȥĻǾҪϽ׼ǶҪŶ걾ʣȥȥϵ
˵ʵСѧȥҰҲûʲôȤûʲô˼ȥЩС棬һеһУΪڳǰøС
ЩǶԳ˼ֻǶԷ˯ķھһշ䣬˵ʽȥҪ峤ǩ֣Ҫǿϰæ͵סҲ֪
õġӦˣֽؿʼϴ
ǳţСλʦ20ѧѾڲٳϼϡ
꼶С꼶óЩСһǶԽյҰڴ
ѧȥũͬĺӳȥҰҰԴ꣬ܳʳ⣬˶ҪҰѰҡ
ϪڸҴ壬йȥҪ40ӣһñڶǰ档
㣬ܸҽʲôһ𣿡һ꼶СŮĳ˳·
Ϊ˽ճţǴһԼϲİ׵ǳҵĸȹũĺӣҪʰøɸɾǲܵģһץȹӡһӡ
ʲô꾪г
ǸѧҲŵˣæ߶µĵǸԲ𣬽㣬ҲǹġҸɾ
˵ϺݺݵһĭĨŪӡټһ࣬ɫӡȾһƬ
ָȹڣŴĿĵĿˮӡӣֻûеֿڣͻûſǸСŮ۵һ˳ڸ˹ֺͳڣֻĬĬİһȥ
ûϵģ㲻ҪޣȻǵϪҰȹϴɾ~
ȻվһԵĸ˹֣۾¶͵ɫ
ɲֵĻᣬСŮĻ⣬ҵע
Ҫ֪ʹʲôһҿԸŶ~
ЩСȻͲ󣬵ũĺӶ磬ڸĸ˵֪ĲͬŻᣬߴߴľʿˣ
зɻ𣿷ɻǲǿöڵǣɻǵڵĻǲǻըܶ˰ڿαģѧ·Ҳ۹Σʼûһ
뱻ǵⶺˣĵĸǽͣ˵ֻڵķɻѽսڳֵķɻؿ˵ģ൱ڴ
ǿڼɻȻȥ𣿡С²׷ʡ
ûзɻģҪȥ˷ɻзɻ
ǳе绰𣿾ָԶ˵Ķ
ȻУ绰ѽ˵
˷һֱվڳԱߣýζ룬û뵽㶮ô֪ʶЩ϶ûѧѽ~
ȻǸƽֻϲС٣ЩĶûжȤǱһ˵ͻȻ֮Ȥ
Щ֪ʶҿ⿴ġ뵱Ȼ˵ЩʱڵĿαݡ
ĵĻ죬˺Գǰߵ÷ɿ죬Ǵ۲Ϊ  
һ·ϣСǲͣʣĵĴ𣬵ȵϪߣѾСǴһƬ
ϪȻСϪʵȴһɽСӣĺˮ峺ףϧǣȥûʲôϺͱǴ̵øһɶ
СǰѹưһţѾӾͿʼѰҰˣˮ۲ˡȡ޵Ŀꡣ
µĺˮɫĲƣ뽫СؽŲˮףӵ׵ĶʯΪˮĳڳˢʮֵԲŽѾӲȥһ˵С
ŴȻĶʱͻȻоֺһĸоͷһȻһֻɫСз
ԺͻȻһĲˣ䣬
ͬѧǣץз
ЩСͬѧĺȸԾ˹ڿָĶԺ󣬶׷װ֣
㣬ܳԣÿģ
ǰǰǰҰְֳһΣӶ˺ü죡

ָɾͽСзϸĹ۲һûзʲô
Сзָֻ׸ǴСɫҲǺǳɫִԹըСзûʲô벻ͨΪʲôпζ
Žϰߣùһѧϴ裬ĿʼзСͬѧǼִţҲкЩʼæΪзû˳ԣԷҲףܿ죬Ǿͼ˿裬Ϊ˱ȥðߵĵݸ˸ǡ
Դӳѿ쵽ϥԺ󣬳һֱ͵͵Ĺ۲Ҳû뿪
꣬˰ԼʵʵĸŮȻ俴ŮѩȳƵСȣòϣ١
֪ģ߽˳룬ʼ׽
֪࣬㿴ץзĻۣҪҰæ𣿡


Ұ

鷳ʦ, кǰҾͦõģ벻ɫһ롣
Ϸ, ûϵ, 磬飬ֽű죡
治ã㿪Ҫ, ֱ˰ߡ
ܿ, СǱΧ˹
ǰҰзĿǺȥòã˵ʾһ, סзĿ, ȻСǯȥ, һ
СзͷСеҲƵ, ûʲôΣ, 󵨷ĵİ񽻸Сǡ
ǣһССкظһִз
ܿ죬кüΧ˹, ְ˽ŵؿʼٶȻͦ졣
һȺæˣҲûٹ, һƳɵɸһ裬ٴӱߡ
ոץзĹУˮСϺЩСϺƵģСС, Ҽ͸ǰˮʱŰǴˮ棬пԷ֡
ĺϺȻȾûлѧϣǷһһζ˵жζ
ʳٻɵʮ𾢡
ոûռˣͷԵĻ˹ԣָСȥ׼Ȼʯͷ۾Ȼʱʱĳ뿴ȥ
ʱĺڷأûиũЩû⣬ĻûиѧᣬټʱֵļڣҲûӲҪȥӵ׬֡
財ûȥҰȥ˺ݼҡ
ũû˭һԺţãԼ ͬ־ڼ𣿡
þûеõӦֱ߽ԺӣԺײһԺ
ݹϰĴ׮ԭΧǽߵģصԱǴ󲮺ɼҵĵأΪ˻ޣֱӰΧԺɴİ취
һ˫۾ճյĶӢһֱɨʵСзŹκһλá
СϲĲǸݱľ׳жΪ磬ЩԵˣڤڤ֮һµϣ
Ҳ֪ſ˶ãֱԷͣ¸ɻ˫ֱ骲߽ͳӣ
ش磬ǲˣ
롭ʲô𣿡ݲûȥӣŰ䱸Ŀ
ʵվǰŮ֪࣬һӡ󣬵ջãȥµأһӵǰ˺ôһ
֪ĻĹͻȻͰȥ̲ס룬Ǹǳ룬ʲôķӦأ
ǣƫƫ뿴ǸˣѾȥҰˣ
ûʲô飬Ͳ𣿡ЩִĿ
ǰȷֵģƾʲô·ܳᵶᰮ
ݱ߼λ֪ͬ־֮䲢ɣ
ҺǴģΧǽֿôһӣȻҪǱײ˴Ժп˵
Ǻǡ˵ʧǾЦһԴӿˣÿҹڻԺһӡ
ͷֻһԸ
֪ȥСĳʦһȥҰˣΪһ۶ңأһжԾûС ܹΪĶһڼΪϴ
ųԲһʵˣֻǺϵҲȥֵ飬
˵ʲôݵ÷Ұ͹ˣ˾ǲһĺܰǰЩǳ֪࣬ĸ֪ࣿ
ʵֵģҵĵذý֪£ûռ˱ˣԹţû뵽ܿϷ
ûֻתȻûʲô飬ȥɣұϾжˣʲôԷﴫĶ᲻˵ġ 
ûлش÷ƲƲ죬ոûĵúúõʲôԷˣҪ˲֪ǼĪΪŶ~
˵ֻҲøΣܹĨһºݣĺܡ
Ȼشѻ˵ˣ߱ǣҲҪȻӰ֮ĸ顣÷ڰǻҲЩʲôˣͲñᣬһ˫ش˴÷ֱۣ
ллΪ˵~
ķԷܹӰݺͳĸ飬˵ܼ룬һᡣ
߲ͣһûʲô飬벻ҪˣϾǲ졣ϲŮ
Ļֱ̫׺࣬ҲҲסĨܿˡ
Ȼ˼ȢؼţͲҪȥ˼ҹ÷վˣ㱳ǽڵĳͷ˫ֽؿڣӸµĿ¡
һƤӣٵùĳͷ÷Ȼû֧ţ͵һģһƨԼѹһ
ͬʱΧǽߴʹϧֵļ
Ҫ֪6УõʱûüԼ˵İɫСһƨȫûˡ
ӣȻҰңңҸû꣡ǾôˣϵԲ㡣
˫һֻ̯ûԼĳͷѣû뵽ûվȣʲôϵҾ㻹ǲҪȡ֣ϾСǴʲôԷ˵ΪϲǿɾͲˣ
ԸҪˣֻܱҪ
÷ֱڵ




ںˮﵹ˿һСʱ, ׽СĺϺ, ֺϺͷС, ˹пһ͡
ǵзǵںϺֽóԽԽ⡣
˵ʵ, ѧУԺ, Լһ, ǶԸž, Ҳûһϴ, įһúÿֻŮţӿɾˡ
, Ķ͸ӵ, 뽫˶ˣϽѹܺãݽ
ͷ, ﶼýҲСѳҰҳ϶ǲöʲôö, ͶûУϺ·òˣûˡ
Ҳ֪ĸСѴӼ˿ϣԺһ뵽һµĲƷ
ȻҪ͵ĲƷû, һϺá
·ɶ˿ϹθɾгɱƬֽδ飬ϺƣҰаʲһ鱸á
һ׼ʮӵʱ䣬ץ׼ͣµʱ䣬չ¶Цڿջ𣿡
ޱĵͷ
һѸٽɲȼȣûֻͣܽ˿ķһ¾ֱӼˮǵȴˮС
˹ֺһԲԶϡЩѧÿ˶Ǵ˿ģеĿһ𣬰˴ϡϡʲô׼ˣһ۵˶ûС
̨岻ͬտʼˣСǾͶΧ˹ȥһ˫ֳ°ͣĿתضŹ
ǰվڹԣһվһһ˵ĺгУĻ棬˹ֵĪܡ
ôˣﲻ𣿡겻֪ĵ뷨ֻǿȭͷգͷͻΪֻ岻ʡ
˹ֻԵһ¶ȸߣһȡ
ϴθϼʱһЩ̶ȻȥҸ̶Ļģġ
˵ϵ˶ȥˣɸ˹лһЩλõģʼʶʱֻΪϲĺʤǵ˺ҲĶŵӺ˹ĵ˼ֺøС
ռ޲޸ҪҪӵ˵ĳҪһ˳Ҫʱͷ
áҲͳĮγĶԱȣ˹Щж
ʵ֮İӿں֮ǰͿʼˡǸʱ׷ÿһצરવ˵ͣǴŵ΢Цվһԣʱʱزôһ䣬Եøš
˵żڲ֮ӣҲܼĵѵĻ𻨣ָоԡ
ԴӺӱԼ¼󣬸Ӷķûаˣ˿һ𣬵ָо·ֻˣĵ׵ļʣƻ˼֡
ң㽲ʲôһЦݣ뷽ͶһƵĿ⡣
ʱæŹעûչעꡣ
˿Ժɫ˿Ƭˮ·ȵĺܣɫʳƷȥʳ
ȹ˼뽫׼õĺϺȥܿ죬Ϻ죬˿·
̵˿ϺͺĺϺһɫĺÿ
ϺֻǼ򵥵˳Ұкʲһò׼һ裬һЩεζɳ
Ұÿ˶˵꣬Ϊ˱䲻뻹ְ˴˵Ĺ˿ϺϺĴá
㣬㳴˵Ӻúÿһ꼶СڽӹԺһݵĿų롣
Ȼͬǳˣǰ㳴˵ӣŲæģ·ϺûմȾ֭м˹ĳһƷʱȫһֳ
ϲ
ԺҲҪȥһŵĳˣ
лл佱ңæһ磬Ͻȥ뱻佱ҲĪĺ
ֳСҰˣȻһˮСзˮɣָһҶûǯг˻ңСĳ˳ζɬû¿ڡ
ȻзܳԣûĲˣһ˿ϺϺټҰ˾ϡʳ
æԺȱ㳢һ˿ϺϺʵù֣˿˿ģΨһûʳͣÿڸдһЩۿۡ
˵вĵطǶС˵ȴ˼ζԺ󣬻̲ס
ǳ׼ʰо֣û뵽ݾȻˡ
ôˣЩԾ
ЦЦң˵ںͱҰⲻǹලල𣿡
⻰ʮ⣬һֻǴȤ
ȥԺ󣬲ûоʹ˷Ȼȥ˸Ӽģȥӣָ֪ڱ˵л
˷̸ƾʵݣֻǲ׽Ӱʱ밲ʲôͷǿɾͲˣģԹ򣬵ʱһͬȥҲÿƳҥԡ
ҪСˣŮ֪˼˰ģһСģͻᱻ˿ˡһʰзһȤ
Ȼ˵ЩСзζЩɬϾæôãƽ޹ʵĶҲ᲻ãŴȥûʲôȥеĿζ
ǿɾͳˣӣµ׶ʮˣǽõӣʱɾҪ޸ˣ˵˵ֻǺȻһ˵ϲá
װзĲ÷ŵǻʮ죬㻹ü׼»
ⲻϾҪǴҪȥسǽһũߣ峤ָҪҸȥҪҲһȥϲĶ˳㣬Ҵȥѵĵط̽ѯʡ
»£ų⣬˵ֻǼٽ飬ȴǼٵģҲ档
ѽ~һڴӦںؼҴôãҲ̲סȥµĵطһ
ĵûҪȥسǣһҪʲôðݡ
һλȫٳɵģǳòҲˣƫƫԺݻ룬ˡ
ܿת˹֣һζߴ磬ҪҲŴȥũߵĻᣬȥس߰ɣ


г

һֲֵ߷弴, ũߵĹüޡ
糿, , ͺݾѾ˴Сˡ
뿼ǵҪԶţһ϶˯رǳ͵Ժ, , ǳ˷ܵȥ
ǵȵȣ뻹ûܳԺ, ż, ꡣ
ϲôͬ, ϾȥɹũߣŮ֪ﲻʲôæӦóͬȥ, ȫǰںݵ, ǣһŮ֪ͬȥѾЩ鷳ˣڶ, Ǵͬ⣬
ȥµģȥй, ȥʲô
峤Ӵȥسǽͨ㣬һɣʱ˳æǵģԲ¡˹ֲ֪ʲôʱԱߡ
Ȼûɿڡ
峤, Ϊһ֮ɲƫģܴȥΪʲôܴȥ˵ĻᣬѾ߽
ǳҪȥسǣҲδȥ˵Ҫȥسǵһˣûȥɣ̫ûӡ
СҪȥµģ֪ļʲô𣿡ƽ´û˵ƽҲ
˹ҲԸæһ˶һҲȺͬ־ֻ˹ֵ
˹ʵҲֻȥسǴûȥæ궼ǵĺˣֲþܾ˵ˣҲô׵ĳԼݣ
ԵģֻҪǴʲô鶼ԸʱȸǰæȻȥԼ¡
ƽģ˵Ȼû⣬ˣĵĲȻҲҪЩվһ
У֪ǽʷѵģҪȥÿ˽һëǮʷѡ
˹ѯʵ꣬û뵽ԷȻⲻǮ˼Բûа취ոմ󻰶ѾųȥˣֻҧҧӶͳëǮȥ
С
˴岿ݸʻλԱ߻һ˵λ͸һǰ档
ش磬û뵽㻹Ὺ̫ˣе˷ܡ
Ҫ֪٣ῪҲ٣ܹ˾һÿ벻٣𾴣Ұедг𽥻ԾвٺȻ𣬻˾׽ӴУ˵ܴ׬ȡٵ档
ݵ񣬺һ˿󣬡ڲӵʱѧġ
տʼ±ʱͷǡҪһȥѧѵر࣬ҶԸȥ˳ȥȻֻǿ䳵ڿҲûкô
˵Ժ㻹һ˾Ļ~Լ뷨˵˳ӲˣվҪ׬Ǯʹǵ㹤֣϶Ҫսӡ
ݴûⷽôһ㣬Ҳģһ·ʲô¡
϶걳ųأųµԵĸ˹ʹ˺࣬ٿǰ˵Ц۵ĳҲֻöΪĿ
ǣϰˡŵӵʱʱг֣ҲŸոտʼ
ǰ꣬ҪõũߣͳһȻٴǰ꣬ڴи峤ֱȥسǹũߣ۸񻹸һЩԽ꣬嶼ȥũߡ
һ뵽ʡһǮʮֵ졣
̳վԱߣһɫ¥
ǷĺܰһﻹǸѧϰʱûúõĹһ䣬ʶ˳еķ̲ס̾
Ҳǵһ˫۾ִҲвٵ沼óŷ磬ʵԭ֭ԭζ
ȻԳҲȨûֻΪڴˣûвκλɡ
ٻгĿĴдѩ׵ǽϣгĴţĶˣ˸طͣãһ˱гߡ
ҪǹͷͶңũ߾гĵһ㡣
Żһһҵߣûгֻżơ
ھһгĻʱΧ۵˸Ķ࣬ӪҵԱһȣĴ
ŶŶӰӵһɲˣҪΧ֣
Χ۵ûκβ˼˼صһ¶飬쳤Ųơ
гģҪǮҪƱ˵ӦгѾ˰²ŵҪˣȻȲҪôǮҪôƱûдչʵؿġ
峤ҪҲȥгɣȤ
û֮ǰڸϰھӣһ˸ܵгÿԼ°࣬ǸŮгϣӭƮݵȹһֱӡԺ
˹Ҳȥڳг˵һϡȴҲÿÿеģο˭ӵһԼг
峤Ǿȥһ۰ɣ
Ȼ뵢ʱ䣬ԼҲȤư͵ľʹӦˡ
ǸۻԱհΧһȺΧ۵ˣֱӾͰѳǼ˵ſڡ
ֻ10Ƶгͨͨˢںڵ棬ĸ˿̥͵ƤΣȻ˵жôʱУò˵Ķòȴʵʵġ
۾ֱˣȻſлţϰҽ˵Χ˵һ£ȻгƤλ
ۻԱгǮվûסѯһ¼۸
ǸǸŮۻԱƤӴһۣһصĴţҲ֪ʲôǮˣûĶһ䣬
200飬ʲôãҲ𣡡
˵һ仰ûһ
Ǻȴˣлллллͬ־
ҲˣҲˣ۸Ҳʵˣû£ĸ˹ֺͺݵļ磬
߰߰ɣǲˣҪأ
гôΣе㵣ũҲᱻꡣ
˷˾ţ֮ڴӵſڼ˳һĹ򣬶һ
һ飬ĺá
峤ĿôˣҪǰߣۼķ֣Ŀӿһӡ
ɶһţ־ұߵĿȥ
Ǯ͹Уûˣ
ոΧ۵ʱ򣬾һֱעԼĿڴʱʱȥһ͸ոʱô᲻أ
ͷһֻұ߿㶵λñһƳĿӣ߶ܿϵ⣬Ǯͽ˱˵Ķ
һƨϣŴȾͿʼţǶǮǮôȥԸǣ
ţӴ30Ǯϸĵ߽ڴˣû뵽㶵ȻᱻƬƣ30ǮҪæһ꣡
žžžݺݵĳԼӣں޺ͷֻԼΪʲôҪȥ֡
ǻûһͦվҪǽײȥ
ݺ͸˹ֱŵòᣬϽȥˣﲻæϸĹ۲ȺͼѰҿɵˡ
ʱһ߸ݵС˹СĽĳȻװĵĴԱ߾Աһմɵĵſһۣգ۾첽뿪ˡ


ץ

˳Ǹ˵Ŀ⿴ȥ, ֻһɫͺɫĴ, Ա߲Զ, һŰɫģͬɵˡ
ҵʱ䣬ϽܹȥҺݡ
ش, 벻, ֻ˳ݵ, һߡ
ʱóȻ˵С͵, ֱӾͳȥ, ʱݾ߲˵˵ҪԿ
ôˣݿСһţҲϽԱߡ
, Ĵʮ, ̲סһϽ
Ǳһ˸ʹɫԱߵմɵ꿴, ҷ˲˵һֱˡ
ôһ˵, ҲϽմɵķ򿴹ȥ
մɵҪӪǹưͿˮƿ֮Ķ˲٣ֻǸ˽ӵȺһϸˣŴҶߵĹ˶ԷĿڴ
ڸʲôݿ첽߹ȥ, ץסԷһգֻԷ첲һ죬ﱡĵƬ˵ϣǸ긾˵ĿڴѾ˰ƿĿӡ
ɫ˲ҽţۡ
ۼվԱߵλͬ״Ⱦܡ
ոһֱվڱϣԷҪܣﻹסϽȥסԷӣɤһͺץС͵ѽץС͵ѽ
ԷһˣҪӲӲǿ϶ǲʵģõİ취ܱߵȺڡ
Ѿͷǰɣ־ܣһ˦ְѳһƣɿؾǰܡ
ҿæ͵ҵǮֱˤ˸ƨɶף۵ҧгݡ
˹ֱڰߵҲûе˹ԱߵһæƷҪܵС͵
Ȱץһ𣬴ɫ·˾ͱԹ˵˼þգǲںˣʲôû׬
ǻ㼼ãץһҲ䡣
ûʼأѾﶷС͵ʵ
ڴǸ긾Ů˱ץסˣԥľ½ϵЬžžľ˵ͷк
ǽҪҪһץסС͵ɱֱӷ˵ĿڴȻڵĿ㶵ҳú첼õǮ
λͬ־֤30ǮŴŽᡢ10һģ˵첼⿪ֵŴҵһȻ󱦱Ƶ߬
ȻûǮȻֳǺݺݵһĭŽޡ
ݺ͸˹ֽС͵ŤгĹ²ǳ׽
ôһҲҵ飬ֱũߵĵطȵǽţȴס˳룬˺棬ʮֵ࣬
˭ȥС͵ģ
벻֪Ϊʲôһɻ󣬡ǻæץһˣҪȥĻˣҰС͵ǵĹһ˵ֵǸ϶Ǯ
סˣöԷˣһץС͵жǰڡ
֪һԷΪܣҪʲôķӦʱô죡ôôɵݼںӣĵûľ;
û鲻Ѿȥ㿴Ҳûʲô¡ǿ׳ĸ첲ͼöԷһ顣
Ⱥڴ֮ͥ£Էôĵӡ
ݿںӣ̲סüͷҲ֪ԼĸԣֻѻһԲתͽũߵꡣ
ѡ˼ѳͷͼѶңһЩȻ滻ܹ12Ǯ̲һʮӡ
ȵ˶ݺ͸˹ְæũߣСĽʣµǮãÿΧͷţÿȣ䡣
Ƚũȫ˵Ժ󣬺˵ʲôҲȥˣִҪţһСʱʱ䡣
͸˹ǰ棬ߵ÷ɿ죬ܿʧгźݣ˲ģȴһֱû˵
ֱߵһſڣݲŻعͷǽȥ~
ҲһҪ䲻ȵģ
ҪȥĽŲͣſڣã̾һҸոҲֻǵ㣬ǵɵӣҾúܴܡ
ǰڲӵʱѵʱһС͵ԷΪ˲ץסԱߵļֱͱ˼ΪǸ˵Ķϡ
մɵſץС͵ʱǸɫ·ˣûпǵԱǸűĵ˻ܣиʲộǲԭԼ
ݵһ̾ϢųΣֻĵ״һƿףɬĪί
Ҳæ㵱ʱôףҲǵɵǲ˵˵ţȻĺۿ
ݼίģϽϴԲ𣬶ҲãҵʱӦøӦöֱӾת˵ꡣ
뿴ϵӣ˱죬֪˾ͺ~
һԼոʧأͿ޳ӣ־е㲻˼ֻýſչʾĽΣԷĿ⡣
ЩǾҪˣҽһЩǮѡһΰɣݼĿ֮ìܺҲˣҲ˸⡣
Ϊ˻գȤЩζû㹻Ǯ
ģ㿴ϵĽӣ¶򡣡Ǹʵˣǵ㰲÷ѣޱȫ˳
ҶģҲʲôǮˣӵİɡҲռ˱ˣӵ۸Աˣǵʱ˻飬ҲܽǮ
ΪǵûǮ㽫ԼǮһԵó㿴ҴǮĿ
￴˿ѡһ񻨵ӣϰ˳
ܺÿְȳƣѽĳ㡣ϰһţϽԼĲƷ
ϰ壬ԱҲóԡָָԱһͬĽӡ
֣֣ôƯĹӣ֣ Ͼӵļ۸Ҫӵļ۸Ҫϼϰһ뵽ܻǸ⣬Ƕֵӡ
뽫ǸӴԼ󣬴Сʣ·ɰСİ壬ϰ壬
ְԱߵĽǰŲŲҪҲһ°ɣ
ã˻ϵǳ⡣
ֲǮţ֮ȥ˼²׼һЩֽһЩƷһСʱʱ͵ͷˡ
Ŷߵгſڣȴһϲغ
ͬ־𣿡
عͷֻһӡһɫװĹڳߴк


֧֧

ô⣿ݿ, ¶һ˿ȡ
쵼ųŮ, ڲĹ, ƽ˵ʮָմˮгĻоԱ, ˵, Ӧó
, 㰡Щ˹, ϸĴһ, һʧõľϲ
㲻֪ԴȥԺ淢˺ö, Ұ֡
˵ۿһ, Ҫ
ųôˣݿӣҲ̲סЩż
ĸǰν֪֮һֱͨӪ, һ꣬һγĹ, ǰУ˲|ӵı磬ٵ칫ҵľԱ֮ѧϰıд˵һ·ϵĳɳ벻ࡣ
ΪǼ¡, Ұ˵ԩѩܲסȥųһְָѪѹз磬жЩˡվ̲ס͵ؾ͵
̲סҲЩ˸С
ؼңҲǸǼйϵ
ĳһΣǳ֮ǰͻȻ˾ٱ˵ηдһ˳칫˲ٵ鼮ͱֽǰҲְͣ飬Ҳûжûɵ顣
µĵ飬ĥþƣգǻϴˢףԺ󣬺飬ǰҲжųһְߵ˻ѵ̾ȾƣⲻµĹô߲ˣ
Ժչչְ֣ĪҪˡ̾Ϣһȵæһũרų
ǰʱνݣĹи˼һǸһɲôﰵʾȫȻһͷԵӣΪˣû˻
ģѾͨˡ½ǲ˼ص˵ͷãǹƵģɴһ˫۾
ʵһֱǳҰְ⣬õǸˣʱ򡭡
Ҫ˵ʲôƵģһװľͷ˵ĳ룬δ޳룬ǹЩӾҪˣǸϲǣԡ
˵ţӴһѴǷŽ
ôô죿Щš
֪ڿһԺжྪϲЩױĺܺãҵ϶ŵ˳˳ˮûгԹκοͷ
ΪԼ˼Ǹˣŵ͵Ʒʣ׷ɣڿ˵ŰϣЩʮֻƵĻ
˼İ飬̨Ժ󣬱һĲֵѸײڶ֮ѸٺŻһ𣬻Ի˵ʱҪңʱҪ󵨵׷ҡ
ֱһףվڸߵǸ꣬õĹޡ
ǣǸʱѾˣʹӾ飬һȥŲµĵַţȴҲʯ󺣡
ٴǾүˣôҲᡣ
ݣҸ׽ôණΪȥũģѾЩˡ
㲻Ҫũ㸸ҲǴũģûũֵأгȶĹӦȻ˵Ҳũţȴݲκ˱ũ
Ǻʹ峤ʱ䣬ƴ峤ѾȼˣʱųҲȥɣ
˵仰Ժ󣬺Ƴ룬ʾгȥ
ݣȻҰְѾˣЩϵѻڣֻҪԸ⡭㻹ٻۿԽԽԶҴҵ׷
䣬ǻãʱܻ൱ڳһ衣
ЩȥɣվֻǶôһ仰ûٻͷ
ȵԶˣİԣǧãʱңץסᰡ
˵ջǻῼϴѧũţʱϾôãܹص|൱·
Ϲ˵ҲǿųϣˣӵСˡӸʶҲǳ֪֮˽Լݺ͵λټ϶ԷڵԵԸҲĲˣԴûйǷ֮롣
ϧϧֱҡͷҲߵǿ·ߣܺųǧˮɣںҪٷܶʮꡣ
ֻһ˵ȴ룬͵ԭվ˫ִļϣӣģȻֻԼ飬ԼڣһһɷģԲѿ
۵䣬ʯһ۵ӳӰӣҲ֪ΪΣͻȻһȣҲˣæ֧֧ƿ
㡭㡭˵˵𡭶ֶŵġ
ݿӣҪǵ֮ͥŮܲףæ֣Щεͷ
ԲҲǹģոֻ̫żˡ
ӣϽתǰߣǸϽȥɣȻ峤õżˣ
ϲۻ׬288֣ϵͳռ뼰ʱһ


ϲʳƷ

Ȼˣ
ǻص, 뻳ż˿ռ䡣
һνռʱ, ܿϴֹ, Ѽϵֳ࣬ڼǰ棬ȻԿһС¥
С¥һ, ұߺмķӶ, ֻһȻʳ, տ̨, һΪͻ
ϲǳ, ۾
ںؼҴЩӣһֱûˮĲˣٵķ, Ͱ, ɲѩ̿
ϲ㣬ôһڣʮ겻Ӧɾ, ͼ峴Ҳͳ, ϸ壬޷֬ʺŮʳáϵͳϸĵʾš
е㿪ģʱ򣬳Կɾһ, ȥЩͽҰˣһǳʹ¡
һжˣӵһϵȵĲճӵԴԴϵԴ
ȥʱȻǺݿԱߣԴŵµ·һһεģһ˵Ŀɰ
Ϊ˯øӰȣ̲סٶȣΪ磬г־һĶǵ飬˿Ҳ۾˯ˡ
ǻصؼҴ岿ʱѾǹˣ˹ֺ˳Ϊһ˵ĸ˲٣ʱ򣬸˹ֻ̲סַһѡ
ȥˣԺæŽũߴӳϰŽũ߷ЩöɶƷҲũıΪ¶Եʣŵġ
ûȥæʻλãóţǴ˿̵ĳ룬ϴ΢΢Ц⣬üģʲôΣЩܴơ
Ҳ֪̫վ˶ãֱũ߶꣬ҪȥʱŲò
롭ûѣԾأѿڶĳ֪໻ǳƣˣҪѳӿȥˡ
˵ţƳ롣
~˸ƵĴӸʻλֱӣһܵĻžѾ˺ؼҴ壬
ٶô𣿡
һɻţȻĴ˳
˯ˣҽȥңȥзݶѸٵĽ
̫Ķ֪˲ͣĽţ̲סֵ˵̫Ȼ˵ϵͳĸ߼ƷǷɹǱƤĲ
ͣ˳ӹսǳʱ㿴̫ӣССĸӣվڰƬŨ£ڶͷһ˵Ĺɡ
һ˼ԱߵĻ֦ľճһȦһ򵥵ĲñӵӾϳͣΪۣڲݴժСϡ
߽룬ӸµؽԱ֯Ĳñŵͷָ°˰ͦƯ
ллܲô˾ĳޣղط˺졣
Ķкܶ࣬඼ǽҪõĶ뱧һֽҪµĿˮƿȴһֽӹ
úֽ͹ˣĶͨͨҡ
ǰûôŮԣǸŮദܲ˼ҳ̫ο˼ϵš
аɡֻֻͬ⡣
˶̫һ·ߣ·ˮĹʱⷢѱϾȻſһֻֻǯӵİɫС
СϺ
СϺΪ֣ʱ磬û뵽ȻʵһҲСϺֶ
ǽһĺֽСķŵߵһʯͷϣһƽʯͷѹסȾرߣʱӺùһӡ˫ϲֵ衣
ʲôȥݱͻĶסȣСг߳ûȻȥ˷㴩һ˫Ьٳѽ㡣
κΣû˵ʲô˵ĹѾˮ
磬ǶȥԷˣٵʱµʱ򣬵ȵ˷ٳô˵ҪСϺǾ̫ˡ
ûа취ҲֻðĶһˮߡ
ֽľ֦Ϳʼڲ
Ӳã˺ܶĵݣѵһǿСϺ
ѽܳԣܳԡݼٶȷɿؽЫӣæֹ
һֻСϺϸƣȷСϺûκ𣬡զĲܳˣǰԹ࣬ûԳʲôѽ
Ѳɣ˲СϺ
ⶫȥͻȻֵģ˵ʱҲǶˣⶫųԣϣʮ˵ʹкӣһ70үӾȥˡݸջʱзû뵽ȴ֪ж
ü˳ǣôܻˣСϺûϴɾӵпܣүǵ͸ȥ˰ɣ
ûжֽŲ䣬ĺܣȥؼҴĴǲһ죬ǽУɱƵġ
ΪûǸǻ˺ܶúܵĴš
뿴ϺõСϺȥ˵ЩʲôοСϺķֳǿǴҶ֪£
ǰڳʱԹ٣ȻϲˮҲĻ£ʼֻҪϴˢɾˣû⡣
˵󱦻ϴչյ£˵ôĵټӺ˵£ԼҲûԿ˶ҡ
黺ͣҲ֪ıĵ뷨ͻȻһקˮ
ݱûдȥģĶ⧲ߣȥŵ棬ѾˣֻЬͬʱȽˮ
ЦĳһˮȻʪЬǾ͸Ͻҵæɣ
ݿЦݣа˿ãմ͵ĨһԺҲʼæСϺ
Сʱʱ䣬ˮ˲һСϺõݸţĻص·ϡ
ΪҪСϺúֽĻҲȫ˺ݣػݡ
ڻȥ·ϣӣԷͰ͵ĿĶ˵ףأ۵ȴڲסĽֻ۹⣬һ˵ĺúӡ
Ƚݣ뽫ԺһأСϺһԵĵõ˾ߡ
ݼҵˮԱһСˮأǷڹŴ϶ԻֲģǵԲﻹ£ԳͭǮݣһƬ͵ġ
˼ֻСϺˮһвʪطСϺƹ˶ãǻܳԼСϺ
СϺʱкܶСϺģ˶Ҫ޹ʱҪǲҿҪСϺϡ
ݻһӸճͿﶪСϺĶ̲סһţ޿κεŻ
ٺٵЦʱֻ²ԣ᲻ùҵҵ~
ֲĵļһ䣬ЩɶСҪǰǸˣ˵һ㶼ѣԺкóԵҿɲˣ
װͰ͵ӣһֻըë˵С⬣ȵúĶˣﻹƽϣúúãв
ǼֻЫžŰɣ˵ʱһЩӣ֯ϯΧˮرϣҲƲʲôˡ


¾

һ˫, ĽСϺͷȫš, Ϻβšһ롣
СϺŽ, ϴ׺Σ10ӣ, Ѿ, ҺĬ׼ϡ
, ǲǵ޽Ժ, ӦȥԺǿһաݿβ, Ҳ·
нգıϡ
Ҳǲԡͷ
Ȼ˵յУЩطձϾôɾ, , մţʲôġ
УġЦЦһһװ
ЩԺ, ĲװãְСϺϴɾʢ, ŵϡ
뻹ǵ˵۸к£ϸؽÿһСϺһ顣
Ϊ˽СϺĸϴɾ˺ݵˢ
ݵȻˢֻˢ˵ʱĬĬĴ֡
һ׼æ, ߣӣ׼ʼˣȵյͨ죬ԺԱкõ廨⵹ը
ĿɿڴĿ廨ƣըƵͣгһ⣬óзģû뵽кõ廨⾹Ȼըͣһĭͷչ
ը߰˷͵廨̳һߣͷľɵϺβ͹
µĻյͷڣֻǲεĹϺβѾͨ죬ÿ
Ϻըˣ뽫̳ʣµҲôʢãʼ׼ϡ
ݸ㲻ըЫӵĿģֻĬĬĽ˾ٵùڡɱ
¹ըζ㵹ϺβֻǼ򵥵ķ֮㵹ˮϹǡ
͵һѾڳֵҺ보ӣ򵥵һڣǱǽϾɱĶȻѾ˵ζ
ݣǳСϺ飬ʱҪȥ˵뻹ðϢ߱ˡ
ϵĵͷû⡣
֪ģȨĵЩжЫӣ˳Գ⡭ЩЫӽСϺ
ڳСϺ𣿡ַӺ汦ľ
ҲѲ׼ĳƺװںذ˰֣Ҳ֪ǲǽ֣гϵʱżũйһΣͱСϺ
˵Ĺ򣬹ĲѾʼ֭붪ʲݶΣ򵥵ķԺֱӳ
Ҳû˵ȥʢĲһţڷǰ
СϺνɫζȫͮͮϺӰڳϸ֭ɫʷḻϳӯϺϺ֮ÿ϶ټ˵̲סʳָ󶯡
һϺβһ֭ȴݰ·غ
ȳɣô˵ǳŮ֪࣬ҲŻܻسǣԺ˵㰿Ļᡣ
Ͳһˣ|λСޣҲûлصӵĿܡ
ţڷգδȳһ
~뱻һ̼ˣͻͻ
һЩģЩνСϺǲǸСϺһֻӳѣֻӳ񣬱ľжԣ˺ݡ
ȥѾɽɣǶûаֱȥ
뱾Ÿͬ뷨һֻСϺѾȴֱʵĶ
Ǹζô
ݸոճԵֻ̫ھȥϸϸĻζһƬ㣬ֻĿеӲеɬǸζԡ

ľͺã
ָסϺβȻһȻβһƣϺϺɷ룬Ű۵Ϻպպ㿪Ҫ֣
Qóԣ
ѾȥҲ޷ֲҲô࣬ѧųӣĽϺǰմմ֭Ȼһ
̫óˣ
ˣһֻһֻӵĹͽһϺβɾĩˣ֭˰뷹
Ƕô죿ǳȥѾôˣǶзӦô˵޷ǲΪ˶һݡ
ֵʹһıãǶ֮ǰܹһζ㣬Ҳˡ
Ҳ̫֪ͬ࣬ΪΣһӯĴ
Ϊ˱װһǷֲ˲۾ϽЦתģɱǻҪٳٵСϺ
һȥ۾ֻøϽϵߣְһƳɵΣŵ£
ǿ£ʮ죬˯ȥѳʰˡ
ʰ꣬ǲ|ճ֮һѾŪôóԵһˣʣµ黹Ҫ
ʰٳѾ۾˯ˡ
ϲУĿ֮Ӱ߲¾ĸֵĺ塣

ݱĲֲʼһũæʱ򣬴СλСʦȻվķչˡ
֪࣬˵ǰǷ˳﹤˵ְλģҲ־Զ󡣡
¹Ժ֪ǳԹԺУС·ɢᣬ͵˷
һ治־Զ󣬵£Բ硣ҲûҪǰʲôԵֱֱ˵
˵飬ȻЩ߷߲ƽԭĺƭڻٲҲǹˮ߹ˣ治˵ܱԼ±
֪꼶СʦˣҲˣŻ˳Сλ϶Ҫˡѹ
ʵС飬֪ˣֻ˵ðû˵岡򣬸û͸¶޷˼Ͽε¡
Ŷ𣿡֪飬ʲôԾġ
ΪΪϢһЩû뵽Էûκϵı仯ˣ
Ȼʦÿֻ2Ĺʣÿ춼5֣Ĺ˲ԶǺô2ǮջļڹֻԻʳǿܹŸ߷ֱũҪࡣ
벢ûпŵ˷Ƶǰߣ˵Щʲôã˭ʦǲ˵ġ
һ죬ҲЩ
仰˵ˣʹ֪Ϣô˭ʦд˵㣬οԼܹҲȫΪ
ȵ뵽Į飬û׷ȥ
ں治Զ꣬ǰܵĳֱۣ
ʦǸСʦǲǲñȽأˣ
Щ֣Ϣܣֻ֪УΪ˱Ƕ룬У϶ǲй¶Ϣġ
Լ˰Ϣ߳⣬Ҳûٸˣô֪أ
˭˵ģУɣ
ȥë֣У̸СľˡķУָϽͣ
治ǹģϢҲûи˵
üͷٴɨʱͻȻһ뷨
ʵҪǶλ뷨Ļҵǿ԰ȥУ˵û۾ɨɨû˹Ժ󣬰ʾԼǿץס֣Ĵ¡
ô˼ʦλûнֳأһţ
ܳɣҵȻ~
仰˵ļȸЩϣûʵϵĳŵʲôǸʱҪǿʲôŪݵֶΣҲһΡ
ղײգȻɢȥ֣ë֣
˵겻ĶˣκҲǲģͽ̬ȣûаգ˶ΣҲǲԽ͡
Щ񣬵ȻɫЦеĵһϾҸô֪סһë֣±˵л
ͣ˰ΣڳҪסʱ׳°仰ҪǳʦסڵĽʦ䣬дë֣ͷ𣿡




պ, ʽ˴Сʦ֪ͨ
Ϣһ, ؼҴ嶼, ֪ͨĵһҪѧһˢ90%, 󲿷ִСѧû, һǿ˸ѾǺ˲, ܹб, ϶֪֪ǡ
ؼҴ忪һ, ֳ֣ȻǶûܹȥʦĻᣬѡʦ, ǵԵȤȻ
Ͼô, ԺԼĺӣпҪ͵ʦȻڴѡһʦ
Һ͸λӳǵ, νʦƸҪȥһÿΣҺ͸λӳг, ѡıѡʦȻУͳʦ3ѡ1
Ŵȣվڴ㳡ǰ棬ıűνʦѡεķ, 
ҲֻҺͼλӳǳֵĽʲôõİ취
ԼֹϵĴ£Ȼϣ˻ڱ˵ʲôʦ£Ҳ峤ڼƵһˡ
룬ѡεķϧѡ˺ݣûѡ㿴Ҳ̫ˡڳԱߣǿҿԼĵĵ⣬šСáķ
ǳǳЦţûѡӰһνʦѡΰɣ
ĵЦһǼ˸ﺺӣʲôõģԳ뷨Ȼ֪ģԷҪˣôɵѡһҪѻŮˣ
ȻҺܲѹǳϾʦʱ룬ôϣ㲻Ҫѹ
㲻֪ɣȥɢʱʦҽǸʦˣû뵽˴峤ѡʦ֪ͨѽʦ᲻˵©ѽҲѹɤӡ
㳡ﶼˣһߴһ죬£˵ַŵñȽϵͣûע⣬Ϊ˽СһȽϺá
𣿡еˡ
ȷʵпȥҳ˵Ǹ̫ԶҲû˵Щʲô
ʦ飬ڰ칫ſ͵ģûи˵ôҲ˵Ҫ
峤Ҿô齻ʦУƽۼźҪһҲ಻ס
Ŷ֪࣬˵Ϊʲôյķ飬ָϽͣ
ȻҶУͳʦѡ̫ˣָ˲ţԷڲ˵Ҳ׸УͳʦɲõӰ죡һôʣԵΪ롣
˼˰̣֪࿼ǵеôûʲôõķ
峤һ뷨ѡʱվ
֪࿼ǵȷʵеشľУͳʦҲȨѡ˭Ҷܻмè塭
֪ô˵Ҿùɴ峤ͼλӳ֣ҲãƽʱϲླԵվ
Ҿã峤Ͷӳǿȥεǰһ컹ѡ10ȥ20ˣÿ˿ߴ5֣ͦƽ
Ҿ뷨ͦõģܵԺȥѧУģҲǴĺӣ
ǵģǵģƽ
ܿ˸͡
Ҳͬӵ뷨ǳĹƽд峤ӳһдʦĿϵú뻵һϿһÿξͿš
ǵ2أ3ѡ1أô죿ڡ
ҾϿβҪ峤ϲһҪϲֻкϲȤȥΣҾ3ѡ1ڣӦýԼѡ
뵱ȻԼС˼ڣݳͺѾõĻʱϿҲĻʤ϶Ƚϴ
ҲܹˣСĻϾԺ߿˵أִ꣬˵ǻۡ
Ҿ뷨УǳͬĹ۵㡣
Ҳû⣡Ҳһ𸽺͡
ʦѡεķ
ɢ˻ᣬ͵˷һѧУȴݽס
˷գգ۾Цеһ·С뿪ˡ
ʲô𣿡ҹɫĵӺܴ޼ɵĴ
ǽӣպˣɼǵãҲӱֱֱģ
⼸죬æʰӣͼҾߣΪԺĽ׼ƫƫСѾͷƬӸûһģʶ
һЦҵ£ҵȻǵã
ǵþͺãһ浣ˡ˵仰ʱһԹ򡯵ζ
Ϊ˸õ㣬Ҹ׼һСϲ
ʲôе档
ϾУǸ˽⣬һȽˣʲôʱȻѧ;ϲ
𡭲ǾŰɣ
ȻǾϲȻڲܸ㡣ݿ۵׵ĺ棬̲סһӣҾ͸㡣
뵹ʲô޲£Ͼʶʱ䣬ԷƷ˽ġ
쵽У¹࣬յĵһƬѩףǲõĿ·ںݺ棬һһߣܿ㴩һƬ«έؼҺӺӱߡ
ؼҺӱȽϿˮλҲܱׯĹˮԴֻҪũæڣӱģܲŪʲôȫƾ
ʲô«έڻոսʱ򣬺ͻȻͣס˽Ų
۾ɤһ|󣬽޳ָ㸧۾
ֻǰһڣ̲ס죬Ҫס۾ҿ϶ףԲ͵͵ۡ
ûһֻץסĸ첲ǰߡ
û߼û«έɨʵĸоһƽ̹Ŀյء
һ۾ˡ
źݵƿһƬө
Ȼ«έУûյأ˴«έǱǰˣ̳һԲΣԱߵ«έϣǵ㣬өͣ裬ϵķǡ
ֱͯһ磡
ݣôөģ뾪ϲܹȥվڿ«έϣĵתһȦ
Щөܵڳʼ
ݼôģҲ̲סʰ|鱾ʱһʫһʫдө쵵ĳҾǳ֪࣬϶ϲ
ڵ«έӣҶģΪ˱һ翳һ·һͣϢĵطȻֱ۱«έҶ˺ܶӣе࣬ڿЦ֮ʧ
ڷөлعͷݣлл㣬ϣʱ⣬Ǻ~
~ݳЦЦȻ«έ
һ̣ͻȻԼڴģǡ졯ô򵥡


ǩ

ڳǰһ, СĽʦѡʽʼ
Ĺ, ѡʦ, óǩķʽȡ10λͨ岿Ĺ㲥ʱ֪ͨ׼Ρ
Ů֪׼ڴСʦ칫ҵ, ׼ȥϿΡ
΢һ, ȥʱ, ͼŮ֪Ѿ˰칫ҵĵ, , òĴ
룬鱾û׼, ǲ̫ˡһ㣿
, һֱûмˣҲ֪ûиϰﻹе, ֽ̲סһ
Ѿˡȫû飬ԹԵڿŵˡ
, ȷʵû鱾У˳鿼ķΧҲûа취ǰ׼ǺݾȻ취赽˿α
죬켸ûд֪, ںݼϲŻȥģݸѧģϿΣһĽݽʵĵͽ顣
ĥʼĻҵ򶨣Ľȷʵܴ
ȷҪ8֪඼ԺУһ˽װĶֽƳɵǩӡ
Уȫ£Ǹ50ˣƫݣӲߣɫЩơ
涼ǿĵĿ鵽һƪȻϿξͽһƪ°Ѵмһڣϸشһ
ǵһȥǩӵģֽչԺЦݣǳ鵽ԼǵĿ
ǵȥǩģʵѧУṩʮƪѾģĸν
һֽţչһд5ĸ֣֮񡱡
ôҲζϿε˳ǵ5ѡĿǡ֮񡷡
֮һƪ£йоأõĿԺִУ˿ĺͲݸֽƵػصԼλϡ
򵥵˼Ժ󣬳㿪ʼܱʼ飬дԼĹ˼
Լ뷨ȫдһϳ֪ѾˣϽץʱ䣬յϽϤԼĸӡ
ڳǰ棬ǵĸϳģڽſ
룬ҪŶҸоÿϵĻ
촩һɫ黨ȹӣصؽͷӣ˺ɫͷ
μӡǸҪո߽ȥʱǴ峤ڳĴﶼ¶͵
ʱҸоãʵͺá̹ȻһЦ
СѾͷƬӣͨսŶûУ
Ȼһžˡ
һſĺ׼õĲݸ壬ŵ˽ȥ
һɫȤĵ´һɫĳȹȹڿȳƵСȶϣ¶һСذϸ
λ쵼λѣԼɰСͬѧǣҺá
򵥵ҽԺ󣬳뿪ʼʽĵѧϰʵϿֶǶʱţˮƽ࣬˭򶨣˭̬ţϿεĹлһҵĿ⣬ƾõķ
Ϊһµ㣬10ƪĶǰ˵㡣
֮ƪģץסĵĹԣҸӦļͼ
20ӵϿʱúܿ죬ȳ뽲ʱڰϣϿĵĽѾһͼ
ĸƴڳúǷһ̾
˴Ȼûаõһڽ2ֵѡΣǺġ
ȵе˶ΣѾ磬·ԸҵҲ볪ƱʱѾΧ۽Ĵ
ͶƱ˶ûϳƱȨ±Ʊ齻һֵĴмලԼедֵ
4š 5š 5š 1š
ϰ벿ֳ˵Ʊ£˳Ҷû˵ҶϢԴ
4š4š
û뵽°볡4ֵĴԽԽ࣬ۿžҪǹ롣
վǰĳ￴ƽţʵҲڷë
ϣҹ˵УԼ䣬˵ǰܹмĳһڲ֣һæ
ǲӦģǶԷȻգҳŵֻҪõλʱһǽ֮Ƿչᡣ
ԹӢѹ˹أĶˡ
Ʊľϲϰ볡ҲȫǰʵƱģֻǵ°볡ŰͶƱ˵ꡣ
4šһվԱߵλҲ̲ס˽ż⣬ǩ
Ȼ˵ũĻˮƽߣֲʶ򵥵ֻʶģԷʣȴԱߵĴʹ˸ɫΪ˱ڳĹۿߣգ۵ĶҲûп
Ϊ֪ĽŻʱվ
峤糤ҶڳƱ飡
ƱѾֻʣţΪƱ꣬ɽҲ㶪ȥˣû뵽ڹϣȻվ˳
֪ǲҳĳ𣿡ӲͷƤתֱ
ѧУ˼ʦıûѹȱ˵ķȴѧһЩϾƽʱϿΣôһƤѧҪо棬һװᵽ˳ϡ
Ҳųʦʦѧ꣬˵Уʮϲ㣬ǶҲǾмӣǸǰ㿴ǵĵڶסһ佱Ļ߸ߵ
û뵽Ȼ˵Ŀһʱ̲סЩҲ̲סͦøֱ
֪ˡ
ʱĹǫ顣
뿴αӣ̲סмع˹ ҿ÷ɿ죬ԱλʱǩϵݣѾˣ˻ɣΪ˱סйԵ뽫Щǩ̯ڵϣôٿһ飡
ʵҲΪҵô˰ֽŵģǸոǼţЩ顣
һ⣡
٣ڳƱ£Ҵ඼ֻעڰϵ֣û뵽ȻעϣԺֻһͷǲôٴβǩ
֪࣬Ҫ飬ǾиԼôӦҡ
˵Լû˵뵱Ȼͼ򵥵ͷ
ֳôͬѧ͸ףǸѿԺôˣͬѧǰõأת÷ɿ죬
ٴβǩЩǩû⣬Զ˳ѡΣ⣬ҸǸ
볯߽һǰһӣСɵϹ͵΢Цһ룬·еЦ⣬
ΪѡߣжԽƽɵȨЩǩû⣬ҵ˸ǸЩǩ⣬ҾãӦԶ뿪ʦ飡ϾƷ⣡
˿Ļᣬתˣ
Ҿã˵ķأ
ڴУԴһʥĹâȻеϵİܻ
ͬҲ֪˭Ⱥ˸ͷ
Ҳͬ
ͬ


𴩡

ʹ, ˵, ޷ǲһġ
֪֪Ƕһѡζø, ĵľǳ벻Ϊһδ֪£Լǰ;Ͼ, Ҳֻǲ²⡣
Ĺעһ, Ҳǵ˵Ǹ, ƫƫ벻·, Ȼʦ顣
ôܹӦ
ԥ, Ѿƶ߰˳ɣһй
ôˣʦҴӦ𣿡Цеġ
, ͬС, ϵǺؼҴͺؼҴСƱȫ̯, һ֤ϾǼ˵ˣ鷢չһѾ⡣
Ǹ峤ΪŮķϣٻһЩ֮, û뵽Ȼһ˿档
ùڵһɷ˵ľһѶǩӣ
Ϊ˹ƽӳҲ֤ˡ
Ķͷʼð亹ҲͣĴ, ֮䣬Աһѵ¡
ǩһһŵչΪ˱ⱻңÿһǩһչӳǱСʯѹãӵʱ䣬еǩӶڵϳһſ
ͬ־һ12Ʊ
ͬ־һ8Ʊ
˷ͬ־һ7Ʊ

ͶƱĹ򣬴峤ӳټϴһ20ˣÿ˿д֣ܹƱ40ƱƱ˶û⡣
Ҳ˵ڶƱ˶û⣬ôҲǳһμƱƱ⣡
ɫҲͷһ飬ٴȷûƱԺŭһǳıӵˣ
ûף̲סҡҡҪЮҵģ
Уһ죬ֱָꡣ
ڹ۹ͷ뵽ľֻа˦ȥ
û뵽ôûеʶѪˣ
óӡ
õѣ˭ʦһĵ飬˵ˣǶͬʱĴСżʱ䣬ҸʦҲûйӲĽ飬ôأ
ȥѧУ˳ʦʦ𣿶㶼ƵƵȥʦָ~
˷ƽﶼվΪԼȡʲôǽ죬ȴͻȻΪԼŬŬ
ͨͶƱɹļ˵3λã̭ܰôֻʣͳ롣
Ҫǣ϶˶ܰϳʦ飬ôͳˣܳΪʦ
㲻Ҫԩңըë
ʱ˲ʹţ˷һǲù
ô˵ԩأ֪˶֪˷ִˣϰԵӣȴޱȵļᶨ
ˣҪˣһӣɨ֪飬
֪࣬˵
˹ֱڶƣһʦԼʤȯգҲûô׼û뵽1ͶƱͱˢλӵ4
ҲǺȻϣԸི
峤ĸûϵҲ֪ʦôģĺ¡
һԣμӽʦѡεʸ϶û˲˵ᱻ˻ͳв岻Ĺϵ
û뵽ôͷˣҪµôҲҪȥ
֪²ˣСô˵˰ɣҪҪһ飿
ŭĿԲ㲻Ҫ˵
ô˵֪Ͽɸ˵ˣҪܵʦסԱߵС䣬Ժ͸ӷ㣬Ϊ㣬ҵգԻ˳ȥ
ѽ֮ͥ£һʦ⽲ĶЩʲô
ڵûû꣬Ĺ뷿˽ܻͷŵȥ˵

۵һͿ˳˵˵ҵģЩ˵ģ
ڲ֪䣬վһԵĸ˹֣ץһһ㣬˹֣ңң
˹ֻûл˵ƽжʾù¶ǵĻȴǴû˵ģһʱ䣬ŭϼʣȫӿͷ
֪࣬ƽﲻ֪㣬ܰﵽ㣿
ҴʱҲ뷨˴εʦѡΣ1ֱѡˣ˳ȥô4˳Ƶݲȥ
ټϳҲܵʦˣôڵ2ֵʱ򣬾˹ֵȻѵ˷оռһһλġ
ֶֺΪأ
˵ȥҳʦΣû뵽ȥĿΣ˷ĸ겹һ
Ҳûʲôģ̫ʧˣվ˳ݺݵĶ˳һۣת꣬
֪֮࣬ûʲôϵôðôոƱ
ѧУѾмˣ¶Ʒ˽Ҳһǿںϣһػû˵
ǽ죬ȻվһԲУϾͲˣ
Ϊͬ־ʦѡεĹУԼĹϵƱӦϳѡʸ񣡳ͬ־ΪԼһ֮˽ģѡιƽ𺦴С󣬼տʦ飡
ǲѡΣǿѧУ飬ȷʵӵзȨ
ã
ƽУӢ
Ҳ֪˭һͷ·һкűҵ
ǳͬУľǵ4˹ͬ־˳ϵݲͬ־˷ͬ־˹ͬ־2ѡΣ˵ѡΪǴСһʦ
ŴȣıʽͬʱҲѡι
λڣȻץεʽȡ20ͬѧΣ뼸λͬ־ȥúϢԱú÷ӣ
һ仰̱ڵϣȻ۾ֱĶ꣬Ҫ|һ㣬ҧгݡ
ûȥ˿̣Ҳͬڵϡ
ʦѡĴ£Ȼ©ʦûѡϲ˵һԼһ׵ͷֻҪںؼҴһ죬ªͷͻһ죬ԺʲôȥũѧĻᣬҲֲˡ
Уܾ
Ҳ֪ڵ˶ã͵ɿѧУ


ʧ

һ·ɱ, ֱݼȥ
ҪؼҴ壡طһҲȥˣ
һȥس, Ǻ޿ȥ, ӦֻҪܻس棬Ҳİ취
Ǵϲ, ˵ҪȥسʲôõĶ, δش峤Ͳ
, ڼ𣿡ܵ˺ݼſڡ
Ժϲ, ԺŵķһɵĴϲ, վſڳ￴ȥһϲķΧ
ݱԺ׼Ҫõıڣ, ϽԺ˳, ˳ԺԺ˳ֽԺŸˣ
𣿡
겻Ѿ, ũҵԺĳڴŽգò˶, ھǾͻ𣬼Ȼû취ţǾͽ˾֮⡣
ܽȥ˵𣿡ЩڴĿ
׻˵ѸǰǷǶ࣬һŮվһ˼ſڣͬҲеǷ, վȥͻг฾ָָˡ
ʲôվſ˵ɣʵ߻Ժһ˩
ش磬ңؼҴûˣܲܿҽһᱨġῴȥĳ
ݲʲôˣ֪֮࣬⣬ҲûйʲôĽ飬˽ȥ͵س棬ǲܵģҳףʶһķϣԸ⣬һϲơ
ͬʱԱ߹ȥһӣһͷĳ߿
ȴѾ˲ôˣش磬ֻܰˣ֮ǰ˵ϱԽԽã˵ҿԴһ·¡
ʵҲǲѵ뷨Ȼ˭ԸΪһä
֪࣬뷨ʵ̫ðˣĳ׷ǹʵģûȥڡô˵ʶĺһ
ʮʹ˾һֱܲ|ӵ˼ʹ飬ҲͨķʽԾţûʲôа
οǺһ
ش磬ֻҪԸ⣬ʲôϸ㡭Լһҧǻȥˡ
СȺҫ۵һЩʲôǳǲòŵĻƻ˭ֵܵסջ
㲻õġҿ϶˵ʱһ˳ǣ£ǾˮˮҾԲκ鷳
û뵽һƻȻ˵Ļ
ո˵ĻʲôûϽȥɣ׬ֱʲôǿ
˵ţƾҪԺȥ
Щһ߬˵˽Ǯһ200飬սĶҪǮҪԸһѣҷһ㡣ĵ
Ժ˺ؼҴ壬ĶҪǮܸһѾò
ûһܹŮ֪࣬˼뾹Ȼ㲻ݶﶼĮȻ
Ϊߵȥ𣿡ܹĺüԣƵģΪ˵һԵ˵˳
˯ϣǴȥ͸˹ֳȥӱߴģ˵öŻĴϣ
Ҳһ˶εıѡ
ݿЩףһʱ䲻֪λشʵϲ˹֣һֱ֪
ʱӲһ죬µʱ룬ʱ۶Ǹ˹֣ȻʵĵЩᣬⲢӰʲôʵʵĶ
ǶǹȥˣҺȻѾΪͬӺɷҾбҪΡ
ο˽ԽãԽĸԸ
꿴صӣǸޣȵ࣬㿸ȥģĻʲôʲôҪε£
ô֪ץסص㣬Ѳһģ
ҸʲôϵҪҪöΣ
ִΪһжǡ
Ҳ˵һʼ֮ԻԳĳŵ˵׻ΪǸ¡
ʱʱҲСʱŪȥʱ˶ûûʶο滹һöﻹоȥʲô
ûзʲô̸ֺΣ
û뵽Ȼ˻»ˡ
껹ٴս˵ʲôѾһֱӽԺӣҽһء
赲Ҫ˵Ļ

緹󣬵2ֽʦѡʽʼ
ҲȽϼ򵥣һԺ󣬾10ʱѡεʦѧһ򵥵ϷʦַϷѧͶƱÿѧд֡
Ϸڣͬǳǩ˳
˷ǵһϳģڶǸ˹֣һϳ
˷سȻŹƣһϳСٸѧһӡ
죬ѧǵһ˫۾ýζ
ȻĺãǽѧݳĻȴ谭
ûĸСԸ̨չʾһϲĸ˷Сٷŵ̨Աߣº͵Ļѯŵĺӡ
СѧûʲôרҵʦȻҲûѧʲô߳ģҲǴЩͯҥ
ЩӴӣƽʱҲûйκαݵľͻᣬȻҪվôǰи質ûһ˸Ҿ֡
˷ǰйεıݣҲμӹѡΣ̨ǰչʾԼȷʵһİ£ںͺӵĹͨ棬ȴǵһΡ
ûСԸ⡭Ըչʾһ𣿡Щżͷʼð
̨ȻһƬĬ
ٸһɡ˷ŵС٣°һУͿʼ
飬Ͼٵʱ䲻̣ǶСٸʣܿͶ뵽ıݵС
10ӵʱ䣬˷ӣںͣһ˲䣬ظһ
Ǹ˹ϳ͵˷¶־ڱصõЦݡ
һû˯Ҳһڣϰһ磬ѧһѧϲϷɳ
ؼҴСֻһ㣬ǲٳʮһ༶ɵգһƬ
˹ֺѧǶ˼ɳԺֵϳ
һһССĺӣ߽˽ҡ




ͬѧ, Һã
뽫ĺӷڽ̨, ŵѧ, ¶ʽЦݣ
شҶǵңû˭ǵʲôѽ
ٽ㣡һСŮ߸ߵվ
Աߵһס, ʾ, ɷнµľ, ǲܽгٽ, Ӧýгʦ
ָ촽, ʾǰллСǻǵңлܹΪǵʦ, κ, ǻǿԽҳٽ㣬òã
ã
̨µѧӣһȽĻӦ
ҪһӵϷһںڰϻһֻɰĴܡ
ʵ, һЩ׵ģСèССڻ£ɰСէһû, ֻϸ۲ȴһӡ
ʦΪʲôɰСûбѽһС˳
ûʾ⣬ԽϷǸСӡ
ó׼õĵߣ۾õĲԼúֽõĴ
Сĺڰһ鱡ƤˢϺƳɵģÿ
ȻõڰˢԺ, ʦúڰ壬ʦúڰͣסԺ󣬺ڰˢ˭˭ס۾Сӣ˵ͬѧʦؽŶ
ϷϿʼ
1ֻĴڰˢһСŮ
뽫ϴ΢Цʲôѽ
ҽεܡСŮ΢ЩСĻش
ͻСԼĺ壬뼸ŵ̾Ϣһϸëס۾Ȼֽεܣĵһо
СŮѸٵĽŲСܵϷȻȫ׼ȷǿԹء
Ǵ˵εıӹѽ
̨ϵСͬѧԥһվһ𰸣ǿذɣ
ǹϲ㣬εܣǵ1óʦˣ̨ѧĿ´˽ϵǸӡ
澹ȻһСз
óӼһֻըĽִСзʾСſͣĽɣ
Сﲢûڴſ죬ЩΪѵĿ
˼Ƭ̣СзʦĴᷢ࣡
ЩСз֮Իᷢ࣬ҪΪǵһɫĿ൨зôСҪȫǲܵģһСĻܰѿ൨ƣӶзЩࡣ
뻨ֵϵͳһһƿʳζȥƣֻǵεˮЩзĿζȫȥˡ
Ҫǲţʦһǿ˵ųСԼﶪһСз
зըִ࣬ϵĵζζ
ʦ԰зŵ𣿡εСĳ֡
СģԲ
еܻ࣬ԻӡЩġ
˵ɲûзǵһγԣһǡʲô϶Ϊʳ⣬
ɣʦι㣡˵ţѿϵзִ͵ߡ
εܱϾֻһĺӣзڱǼɢ˵ζ˿ﻹֵסſСҧסзȣ촽մӣȻͷһз
̫óˣ
Ľ£ЦݵĻصλϡ
Ϸڼ10ӺܿȥˣϵÿһӶгԵĽƷʵûֵСͬѧҲ뿪ҵǰһӣÿ˶һС
ͬѧǣڿÿ𣿡ںʾʱ䵽ʱ򵥴󷽵һ򵥵ʾ䣬ÿһܽᡣ
̨µͬѧǶش𣬡ģ
ŵЦ߳ңСϲǳԺ棬ºͺҲû˵ܴԵģҲûǿԶҪͶƱԲ㷸档
ʦΣ±֯ѧͶƱʱ䣬ڴҵļ֤£ͳˡ
һ룬28Ʊ
ڶ˹֣16Ʊ
ϲ͸˹λ֪࣬ǺؼҴСνʦϰԵӣҴͷƻ
ڣؼҴСѧˣһ28ˣҲ˵ϵÿһͬѧͶ
ĵ̲סӿһϲãһ뵽˷ѡˣЩѹ̲סԱ߿ȥ
ֻ˷˫ֺݺݵĵͷ٣촽ϡɼˮ۽ǻ䣬žžવĵϡ
ʱʲôȰ˵Ҳȥ˵Ǳνʦѡεĳɹߣȥοֻ¶Էġ
գֻһļһ룬˷˳ȥ

æһ죬ڽ˶׼ãµϰףǰһ죬ǲģȻûгţҲ˵˳ΪСʦϢ
ʹֻһڼңҲ̲סϴЦĵΪˡ
ô˵µظũҪ۶ˡ
ݣ㿪ţ
ںЩʱȴ˳
̲ס˻ԴԹԵЦЦȨԼֻǻ
ţѽ
һΣûȷʵǳ
ݸϽܵԺſڣԺŴ򿪣ӭ˽ָϽ˨ϣ
ôˣ
һСһģһ±㵽ԺӵʯǰعͷЦȻĻ
һ죬Ǹһ˵ǰһ죬˲Ӧü𣿡
ڲӴôЩ꣬ЩϾɵĶȻͲˣе̬춼ûȥСĽʦѡΡ
Щʲôõģ˲˼棬µ̫󣬼ͽ᲻ˣģЩ˵ˣҲˡ˻ֽȻǸöˣ
˵ʱЩʧ䣬ɷʱĪĸˣĵ
ʲôö
Ժʯ£Ȼ̯֬ʯϣ涼ɫζȫСзֽĶζһ˲Ʈɢ
Ķ£һСз˵ѡˣ
ɪؿڣôˣ⹤Ȼܲˡ
˵һСзһףȻſ콫СзסĵĽɡ
ҲûпһСзˣϣܹسǡ
Ӧˣⷴʡ
ôܹţзˣһ˫۾ĵĿ
ҵȻǺľ;ܾˣ
û̧ͷ̲סִļϣҡҡ㲻𣿡
һӣ̲סһЦûУʲôƷһ𣿡
ոô˵Ȼš
ڶѽ벻۵Ŀһظӣûһģιһз
ܳĳˣͼΪҵӣȻֻǺϵֻҪһޣұ㲻κζԲ£
Ҳ̫أûֱųԶڸԼֻŻشһ䣬
ҡ㣡




ڵ
νĽ, һҪ챾ӸǸִ, ֻҪ򵥵İһ, Χھӣǰ϶
ҲǷһЩ˼ģɨÿ, ֽ˾ĵĲ, ҹӼ, һѡ
ҹ˳з, , ·͸˳롣
ýųż򵥵һͷĳ룬߽˺ݼС
ӵĴ˰æ, ˹
ںݱŵվ, űýŵһߺתͷ
УȹƮ, ϸİɫУƸƸõĳ
ͺϵŮ
ݿЩ, ֱߣûлع
ߺ~˺Ｑʲôʦܿţʱ˶~ýųûȤ
ݻЩεһ, ǿʼɣ
˵ʱƳ|ɴǼ򻯺̻Ҫһġ
ʱѵɰأ
ýŵһߺݽһŽС
һأ
˶أһϹǰȻҪµģ|֤ԵʱһжֻܴӼ
ݵĵ費ˣȻλҲүү
ݸã
ҪٴξϹʱͻȻ洳һˡ
ʲôϲ£ҼεŪԼ뿪ĵļˣ
ֻһ30ĸһСԺⴳ˽ǰͷըɫ׺ݣ˿ֵ˹
衭衭εһ·ײײģĸϴקŪϲ롣
ǿɤһ
ҼεܵŪúõһǱʦѽʦõһʦƽΪҲɣ϶пԣܵʦҸ˳ԶŮ֪࣬͸ûʸʦ
ɫһҽ㣬ҴϲӣҪ֣е˰ɣ
ɤͳϾ˵ϣ̲סˡ
ǡϲӣ˵ҲӦֵģϲҪҼҹͲҪ𣿡ȻЩη壬Ȼûȴ
֪Գ棬ƽˣҲ˲ôֽͷһƣƵ
ȿ˵ҵΣһӱܣ
εܵϳ˺ܶĺ磬ٹˣմмĿĵָӡ
Ӧǹ
Ӧǲܳзеɣָ֮ǰסһ𵽵ףϸĲ鿴һεܵҲм磬ƵһЩֵȥռ任ҩųɡ
ܰǮ͵˼ȥԺסҵȻ֮ãҲֵܱ̫ԣҪǻָô죡
ֻ֪ҪǮںŮǮǶס͵÷ָˣӡǣҸһŴŽᣡ
ũ壬һ˼ңһŴŽᶼȢϱˣһǮѾͷƬӣ˵ˣܻһŴŽᣬѾֵˣɫԸ˲١
ȾƵ˲٣Ҷʹ󷽸鲻ӱ̬ܵȣǰˢһøС
øֵ20
ܿ죬ԼԺﴫϵͳѵ
Ƥ飬һʼԱߵҲȰǵٲȰһȰˡ
ң˰ɣ˰ɣ˼ҳʦѾӦҹ𣿡
˵ˣ˼Ҳ̬ȣβøŴŽᣬʲô˵ġ

ңҾˣεܵҲûʲô£ʦǳˣ취Ƕ࣬ûµģͻȥɣ
ҵҲվ˳
Լ˰϶½ۣڴһһȰ˵£뿪ˡ
ýŽĺͷٴθǻͷϣʽȻһ붴ĻУʽǽ
ݵүүҲþ飬һ붴Ժ󣬱Ҫȥ߶ĸ뿪ˡ
ʽԺ󣬱Ǽ򵥵ľϯһ˴ڷƵûͰѸͷժˣץϵĻ棬ͽŵӡ
ʦԲ𣡡ε֪ܲʲôʱ˷ſڣ˫ְſˮĿ
ʵǳзŪģ
ѧؼԺ󣬼һͬѧͬѧ棬֪ôž˵˰з¡
Сһɫ浱Уǵܵ𱦾ͲˣôȰҲȰס
ǡɴʱ濳˲ѵܵŪˣ׾ʹӱ¨һ֦һ١
رݣڴһ֦Ȼرڵ֪𱦿޵ԭ֮󣬻һ֦졣
˰ʱ֣Լȫرûסʹؿ˺ܶأֱƤʹסǿ˯ȥ
糿Ϊ˯ŶЩ磬ĸĸ죬ԭǸĺΪǸ֦ԭ
С֪ĸǽã϶ǲȥβģû뵽ĸ򵽳ʦϡ
ʦԲ𣬶ҲáεûҰԭ˵
ʦ֪᲻Ǹĸ֪ˣ˵˳ȥָһٱ
֣ʾ߽ϸƣ
ε˰Σ˹ȥ
ģȻҾ͸취뽫ʣµĻŵſڵ账šһɾë
㿴СƯƽʱҪϴϴǲŻÿ˵ţСذεܲ
ʵεܵ۾ССıӣҲ룬رƤʽСɫʹ紵ɹܣ״̬ǲ̫
ֻϧСŮҲ˼ͥ
ʵεһƯŮӣʹϳ˺磬ҲڸǲסӦʦԺ󲻹ʲôѣǲҪ׷а취߳һѡ
εһһָӡᣬƻֻۣĺ
ʦҡεһųĳ谮飬̲סߵһӿ˳
СĸûжԺ˵ֻǽƣֻǽܵܣû˵һƯŮӣ·ҲǽǴʣµģԵĶҲõܵȳԱԺķݡ
ĸɸɾĳŮʦȻӵڻԴһ䱦һĶԴԼжڶ
˺ڵ࣬Ҳڸǲסʦʵϵ粢ǳСзɵģһӳңǸӴҵûҵˣ
ϲĺʱпһһӡӣС°һٴСӡũ˵ҲʲôϡŹֵ£Բûж룬û뵽Ȼۡ
ʦǸٷŵǰ㻹ʶ𣿡СзǾСĹԭ
ովȥϵͳ鿴ƹҩ࣬Ūԭпû֢ҩ
ʦְ˵ֽҾǱˣԲŻӵģ˵һ仰εܻûסԼۿˮ۵Ĵ
ëݵŲҴҵĳȥʦһ£ϸ취
֪˹ԭͿȥϵͳռҩˡ




뻨ֵ, ϵͳ̳ҵһרĹҩ
صʱ, СŮȻڵϿ, ֲ˼ĨĨᡣ
εܣʦһҩݣƳһֿƹҩ, Ҳ֪ʦòҵڴСĻ, 鲻ʦһ, ҿܾûлȥϿˡ
, κε, Ҳ׼ǻ¡
˵һǵһǣԺҲöѧǳˣǰǵùȥ
Ұ˵, ҵġЩ, εŵɪɪ
ͷʦȻȻҴȥ, Բ͸¶йصϢֻҪҧʲô֪ˡ
˵, εҲֻ͵͵࣬ҲС롣
һֽεܴӺųȥˡ
εܼݼһξ룬10ӡ
Զʳˣ˭, ﲻǰͳȥ𣿡һĺſɳӣֵ̧۾ǡ
ո˵Ӧεܵĵܵ𱦣ͻôС˵ȴûòɴ˿ɼƽ˿϶ǹߵûбߡ
СѣְأܣԺʵ
Ь϶һɳӣҵʲôͲ㣡
ʱҹ˶˳𱦣˭˵أ
ĽˡһվŽ˹ȥ
ӣӴҵĹԽ𱦣ôŪô࣬ϴ·ˡ
֣𱦹ɵһڣȻƨƨߵܵݺȥˡ
ĸҺŷԱ߶ˣ㲻˵εûκãͲҿû
ǵģ˵йأҾԲжΣεܵһϵҲûУҲǸɵӣƽ޹ʵİ
㻹ǰɣҳɤţλھӣǴСĳʦ˵ˣ
Աߺü˼ңһ˵˭кϲ£˳ȥԾϯŮڼһԱ̳˺üӡ
ȻҪѴҽгҲã֤ʮֵ
ѽңεϳ𣿡
ʦҲ̫ᣬСзǴû˳Եģںܿ಻˵˭֪᲻Գʲôë

һһľ˵ˡ
Ǵ벻һҶĿ꣬˵Լ뷨
ЩҪ˵ģոѾ˵ĲˣϷƵĿ
εܵȷʵǹȴǳСзɵģ˵ʱڳÿһ˶ʮֵ
ƾʲô˵ҼεǳСзɵģе飬˿Ȼ¶
һ˵СзƤϸܵĺ״͸ĥͷĲһεܵϣȴĴָСĴ硣
⡭⡭ֲҽƾʲô˵ʲôʲôû뵽ȻЩ
ʵµûȷʵЩЩ֪ʶʵϵͳѣҲûκʵʵľ飬ڴ˿һЩ񣬾ûκë
ûǶӿεܣεܣ߳ʦ쵽û¹ûһֱȥϲ
εҲʵԭֻʵҡҡͷ
ʱǸմӺݼҳϯɢΧ˺һЩˣҿƵģΧ˹
εܶСзô겻ӦþͻŻµ֢״ѧУʱûκ⣬ңӦþͻƵϲǸոǵŴҵʵģû֢״߼ǳ
ɴ˿ɼεһСз
վȺУҶƴʹɫûа취ԥãվվ˳
ʦҲҽ˵ĻһҲûа취αѽ
ǵģһŮ֪飬㵱ѾǸӣӣʲôǸģΪԼѣҺץʲôѱƵģֽ¿
Ҳǵģǲ벻ǣһ˵㣡

Ա߿ֵǲ´
ϵǻô˵ӶͳһСƿҩ࣬
˵ʵҽһ֪һȻߣСһεġ
뱾͸¶ģҽڴˢøУҲûа취һжֻܸű䶯ľߡ
ҸոԼƵĲҩεֻҪͿҩ֭10ӣұ֤ҩЩȥڴڴУ˶٣
ȥˣû֤ˣѾһСȥҽˣ֤
˵ܲٲܲپ͵Ⱥǰ
˭
һ˵˭ľ˭Ȼæ֣ҿû㡣
ҽãģһëǮĳ𣬵ȻϸСǳԻ˶أǱԭ򣿡벢ϧһëǮ̧εܵøһЩ
ȷʵˢӵģҽҩԱһţεԺʯͷԼӣһϸоϵĺ磬һǿͷǻ
ŹӣһͷӦòǳԴ˶
ŲŲϻҵľе
ҽ꣬ĻڴлһŵģոЩָˣᶼˡ
ҩҲǮͿš뽫ҩϸεкĵطһԺվң
˵Ҷö󣬵ǼʮԺ󣬶Т˳ŮТ˳˵£ŮҪ̫ˣ
ƽŮôһ˵Ҳ֣Լ뻨Ǯ￴ϡ
ңе˰ôԼ׹Ů
Ҹոջ˵
ˮʯҲɢˡ
ʱżæ˹ƽԺ󣬲ǿģȻе㲻ˣ
Ժһ˲ҪЩ飬ǵðҲϣŮӼҼҵģóԿ
ĺ⣬ץסֱҡҡģõģģǻȥ~
εȻվ˵ҪߣСס֣ллʦʦȱһ𣿡
˵ܶΣҪ͵˼ȥǰǺµģǽ죬ܸų룬Ը뿪ҡ
뱻ĻվЩεضεܣʦûһСѣҲûа취δȻڵļͥܿ࣬δԺҪŬ飬ʱʦˣһġ
һСӲһСèСرȱʳǸ¡
ͺݱǼٽ飬ԺҪѧȥеģҲһ϶Ҫ취߳ũģʱεܾûȥõʹ࣬˵Щ˽òΪδǡ
ŶõġǣʦټεĹϨǿһЦ֡
ټվǰߣȴǸпǧ
ӹɣ˵СŮ˵ȻЩҵģʱ𽥱ãϣܸıԼˣиõδ


һϿ

ȳͺݻصʱ, ԾƵ˶Ѿ뿪ˡ
ɫҲЩ, Ժ, ݴӳ˳һ뷹ոûʲôͽȥˣġ
, һ˺, ӻȺġ
һ, ȷʵҲ, ӹ, Ժʯϳ
һ裬Ķ£˵ʵ, ûϰԼԺƾնһ, ָоЩ΢
Էʱ˹ŵģŵģǼ򵥵ķ, ɽ亣ζ͸ԺЩǧСһʮ, 
ͷԷһ̧ͷ㿴רע̲סգж𣿡
һĸоæҡͷ, ûУûСǸȥһ·䡣
˵仰Ķӡ
ϵʱ򣬳᷿ѩ׵ɴʺµıе˯ţò˵ݵǿԵģûѡôɫĲϣѡõɫ䲼ϣȥͦ
ôãһжһЩĸо񻹺ͱ˼ٽ˻飬Ȼ֪һԻǲԣվʱԭҵˡ
Ҳ֪ô˯ŵģֻ֪һۣ͵
ȳʱѾڳæˣѾеĶӴСᵽҲʽסˡ
嵭İ࣬һ̳եˣ˵ǿθˬ
ǳ룬ȥСϰĵ1죬Ϊ¶ٵȥıȽ磬Уʱ֪ǳϹûյɣͷĥĥڶ档
һ߳УŵģǰȻһ֪ʶӷģĳһ˫۾ų룬Ҫһ㣬
ΪѧУӾͿʼҸһвŸոտʼ
һ仰ǿѹģǰ֪Ǹû
Ҳûбŵһ˫۾ݺݵص˻ȥǾƣ
Ȼô˵ҲһۣԺ󲻹ѧУ»ѧУ߻ؼҵ·ϣҪעԼȫ
ʦ簡˹ֽմһɫĶ£ĺá
Ȥ֣Ǵк
շ񣬸˹ִǸ꼶࣬ǵ꼶࣬Ժǳͬ¡
ʦ㲻סѧУᣬǱҡ˹һƽ۾ǻڳʱģû뵽ó
òԵǳЦһ£ǰ棬첽ȥǾףˣ
޸˺ݣסѧУȻֻһǽָ֮ǳʲô鷳
һͷ뼰㷢ȹҲһ˵¾ã˹ֿıӰ
ôõһŮӣȻͼ޸һˣ˵вģǿ϶ġ
ùŮˣ˹Ҳǿϵġ
˼Ľ˽ҡ
߽ʱʮֱӰÿһ˶һ˫۾к֮̽˵ʸС
ϸĿ˿ÿӵڿεʱȻĴӶԷ۾￴ꡣ
࣬һ꼶ĺӶУǻϰ༶ڻϰ༶Ľѧͨ༶һһÿʮӣҪǵײ㺢ӵص㡣
Ƚһ꼶ʶ֣ٽ꼶Ķʶ֣ͬȻٽ꼶ѧϰģһÿĿڸ
ݹҲûôףΪһ˲Ҫѧһ˵ģѧУİŲͳһ滮ѧУαҲûУһ쵽ͷʲôȫ鰲š
ĺһѧԺ󣬵4ڿΣ꼶ĺӿһͬϿΣ𻯶Դ
ҲǹʦʸУһʼΣмӾͿʼƤ
ϵһСӽʤţǼΨһжƽܳĲУҲϲƤΪԵʣѹԼڿΣѾĹ£˲ٳϣͿʼƲסԼˡ
εܣεεܣ˵ҪܵܣҪ˵ֳ˳ͷ
ʵķԷεҲûǲ֪Ϊʲôľ;øĴ̶عͷȥץסСӵ֣ݺݵҧһڡ
ȥ˶һҽУһεܻҧʤŵ֣زɿڡ
ʱʤŵѾȻӡһȦӡСһƨڵϣ۴
ûȥȸܱߵͬѧ˽ûлعʱεҲһĨᣬȻܳУš
һңѧзʱ䣬ڽˡ˰칫ҡ
ʤڵϣ۶һԹԵҪ֪ڰϲ˵ģûгԹû뵽챻һСѾͷҧˣʮֹȥ
ʤţûʶԼĴ󣿡˫ԴȶԷֱ۾ȴġ
ʤƽﷸֹһΣÿνн칫ңǶһû뵽ʦȻôᣬЩӦǰӣǿһԴ
ûд涼ȡˣ˵𣡣
仰һԱߵεҲˣǿĹӣʼʩ
ֽεһߣû˵ĻͬѧأǽıģͬѧǶӣ𣿡
ʤſһԼһĺӣȷʵǸӣǱ˾ô϶ǻ᲻˵ġ
뿴Щ񣬴Ҳ³ʶԼĴ˳Ƹһ̨ףʦ鶼ǹƽģʶԼĴȸͬѧǸҧ飬ǽٴ
ԡԲ𡭡ȻʤţôǱ˸̬
Ժ󻹻ᳰЦͬѧ𣿡ȴ
ˡ
ôεܣûʶԼһ鵱Ĵ󣿡תȻŭĿԲεܣͬº͡
ûд˵ҵģεһڵؿһһóʤ˵Ļǳ⡣
Щģ˵ȷʵĲԣһǲ޳ҧ˵ķʽʦȸң
εȻĨᣬ鲻ǵһη߹ܶΣûһõģЩͬѧֻ۸
ó۵׵ǣͷӽֻҪѧУ£㶼ңҧ˵飬ʦҪġ
֪дʱʤŵļָôֵ֣εܼȥⲻһٴ
ùϵĽߣĴһ¡
ȴǵ飬żæؽԼз򿪣Ҳܲ䲻䣬ȥ
ȵѧѾǾƣһ鲢ɣԺĸ߿ѧϰϣֻðԸԼ򾢡


ɽ

ӹ÷ɿ, ת۱㵽˶졣
˶, Ҳ͵ũ11µ, ʱǼź٣ϸڣͿϢһʱˡ
, Ҳũе, Ǹвס, ۼŴѩ, ̲ס¨ɽȥ, ܲʳҰ
飬ºܸ, Ҳϰ, Ұͦϲҵġ
Ļûе棬óȥ, ҲɨˣȥΧһ˫׺ʵЬӡ
Եǳ, ھѴûϹ
ϴŮ˵£ģҲֺó, ֻҪлᣬҲûٸóԵģպܰʮ˴ûĸŮܱȵϡ
źԼϱܿģҺԹԡ
ȳԼһӣ˲̵ĳš
Ⱥ磬ѩ࣬ѩȥܹûЬӣΪһصϷˣһμôѩĵ㵸
ɽɽԽԽǳһǿ϶ҳģѩﵽһƬãã׾·кڣǲôġ
һһģͻȻ֮䣬ѩϸϸĽӡסݣ㿴
ӵĽӡǰڲӵʱ򣬸Ų˳ȥץҰҰõ㼣İ
ҲϸĴѩϵĺۼӦø뿪ãҲҳŽӡһ·ǰߣһɽҵһʮεӶ
Ӵ򶴶ʮֽиܵҶԼһݲݵţѩ죬治һó
˶ڶĺ󷽲Զĵһγѡ
³ţͷһɽ·ʱҲȷʵ˳Էʱ䣬СĴؿڴͳͷһȡ
ͷûмʲôϸۣе㿨гԾͲҲˮ˹Ľͷȥ
һͷ¶ǣۿԶӶھһɫĶСĽشӶ̽˳ϸһǿɲӶ䡣
˼ͬʱס˺
ûвΣգֻɫӣڴӶ˳ʼһһĵĳǰȥ
õʱ
ٶȿӣĶһӣһͳӵķȥ
ѩܺǰʱ򣬽ݽѩҪǰܣٶԾͻή
ڲģܿ죬Ӿͱס˶䣬
룬ǵˣ˻ΣüЦ
ҲûгԹˣﲶ׽ɹȻҲܿģ첽ܹȥΪߵıȽϼȫûעµһͱµһľֱӰˤ˸ʺ˵СİѺҲ˵ˡ
Ϊ̫ͻȻҲûзӦ˹ϰԵľȥסӾͳᣬ
û£ݰ§˵žҪȥûˡ
û¡ʱ۶ǵܶˣﻹ˵ϵˣҲ֪˲ƺϥϵۣߵķ׷ȥ
ǸոˤʱСϣˣټѩԭ򣬳׷ȥһ·ڻǽܶӴ˻
ոܵÿּＱһ·׷Ϻķ˲ٵʱѾǴ죬оް·Ѿˮ˸͸
ݾԶոտǿҲûȥ׷ӣֻǸ󹦸ɣǰеսƷá
ֻӸͷͦ˵ëɫЩɿݣɲˣӦһ롣
ݣؾӣҡΡ
ݿΪոˤСèһЩЦãҸ֣ǵĳٴһζȣ
û⣡һƵıֻӣ˷ԭȥñ¨͹ߡ
ǸոĸñʱĽӶֻܳСӣһɫĻëѾ¡
뷴Ӧܿ죬ĴݻһϽֻûзӦСӶ˱¨
Ǵգʰʰ޾׼ɽȻ˵ɽﲶҰӣҲʲô£ۺ죬ͱȥ˯ǸСĽˣڱ¨Ӳݣһ֦
˻ûɽɽߵۡ
ѾУЩھ˵𣬺Ӧ4£ũ崫ڽӴǴ£ûԱȣϾ˳ɻʱǰô¡
ˣ۵ЩҲһµˣӶ߹ȥʱ򣬶Էֽס
롭ܲܰң
ҲΪһиݺͳ붼ͬʱͣס˽Ų
㣬ң档
˵ǰԸҲĿһиȴӶ
ۿͣ½ŲЩ˹ס֣룬֪б£½½ѧ涼ҽ߳취ҪһζѩǮӵҩңҰӴ˰ɣ
ʱ䣬Щ
һµˣƽͶȡɣһڸھӼչһ˵ȥĹзˣˤ˲٣˱һʲô鶼û˵ڴϡ
֪УҪǿǴ֮£Լ˺죬ʱ̵һʬƫƫ󱦸Ͳ˵Ӧ
ûжӣҲҪһΣһγ󱦺˾ƣ͵͵˳˵ⶬѩɽһζСѩǮӡҩҩԼ亮ֻҪһѩǮӸ̥Ͳ
ĺӶ4ˣʱǿҩͺӶΣգǲģһɽȥû뵽۶ŷѩɽܣȻԭ
Ҳ˵̥ܲˣܹˣҲǲֵܲġ
ũÿñʲôҪѱ˵ĺӴ̥Ҳû˰
Ȼ㲻ңͲҪңɽɣˤɽǽˡһ˵æתɽߡ
վסû뵽ݣȻһ𣬴öԷòͣס˽Ų
һɽȥ
Ҳͬķģ캮ضʱ򣬹ҲˣʱԷ˵ʲô飬˵ҪͷڴСʦ˻ضλãòķ롣
۵ȻǲϸһߣǺݵ̬ҲǿӲɾܾգһͬɽ
ٱʱۿͰ͵ضųı¨һ·ɽ¨ʱӵĽԴӼ޸ԺѾʲôζ
뿴۾ЩεҡҡͷҽɣҸŪһ⡣
ֳܰȥɵΪ˶ž󻼣˵ҰⲶӲ棬ʱǳʲô鷳
׻˵̣ο˶˹ߣ൱ڶס˶Է졣
ֻǳͺ˶û뵽һֳֻһЩ鷳




͸ôһ𣿡ź, һֻ, ۵ôߡ
ʵһ˵, һֻȵ㹻ԵȴΪˣһֻûȥ, û⡣
ԴӸոսԺ, һֱ˼, , һڻȥ·, ԼѰʲôҩԣʱֵϣһ
ոҲ, Ȼû뵽, Լô鷳ȻˣȻӦȥ, ԴУͽ仰˳ˮ, 
Ȼֻ٣ǶԲһֱûˡ
߹ȥֻӶȻѹһ, 뿪Ҽҡ
û뵽ʱͲˣҴ˲Ҫˣֻҵȸҡ
͸ӲˣʲôȣӸëǮϵûУ
Ͳȥڣôһﶼ֪ǴɽŪ𣿡ɱﵡ
ҲڸոԴͻȻһֻ֣֪ǴŪ𣿡
Щû⣬ɽôˣ
Ѳɷֲ⣬Ūйϵ
Ҳ֪ѩأһиܵɽȥҪҳȥ£Ҿȥ󱦣ѶĺӴץס˶Է㡣
Ӷ˵жҪҶرǻƫģ涼˵Ǹк֪дӵ뷨󱦻˫ȡ
㡭ΪǸɵӣ˵𣿡ʵѾЩˣǵⲻܾôˣһ¡
Ѳڼſܹӣҹϵͣڼſڼӣƽ޹ʵҼſʲôĴǶ֪һҽǸ˵塣빴ǣ
ȻҵĻ󱦲һţΪ˷δȻҿɾͱ׼ʲôˣ
Ĳᣬ޿κΡ
󱦾һӣ֪ȥӣûץƾʵݣҲᡣ
Ҳ֪ô죬Ϊϵɷʱõİ취ǲ˵ж¡
㡭̰װһۣȻ߳Ժš
ȵȥˣҲİԺһأһ𣬾ǰ
룬ԺɽץҰҪȥǸСǣƲ֣һ⡣
еɥĵͷҿǲܡ
Сĸһ̲סë׵ͷûϵ㿴ⲻ𣿡
ȥϺʪ˵·ˮӣȻҸ㿴öݹ˸ӡ
˵ãһ˵𣬳ֻñһƬЩҲûѣˮƿȥﻻ·ˡ
ʰϣҲô汧һſֻɰСãֻӣҪҪ͵͵ţ
ÿÿǹ涨˵ģ֮ңֻֻܹѼӣݼֻֻĸ˵Ļûгġ
뷨һ飬þ͵ŽС
ӵķֳǳ죬һһ¾һУǰЩˣԺ½½ԳԵ⡣
ĿռûзκεĶŪȥҲ֪᲻ҲͺݽȴģһҪһȥԳԡ
ǰȽϺãЩѡ
ũ߼뻧Ǻܳ£ôֻӣױ˷֡
ݼϷӣ󲮿Ÿĸİ½ʱˣʣµϷӱһң˳һµĻ䣬ƽʱŵõݡ
һΪһѲСˣȵڷŲǼͷһֻС֪
ݱɽǰݵ赲ȥ˸ֲˡ
СϲҲ࣬ʰʰޣһ԰ɣ
ڿüЦҲ̲סһϹأҸ֣
оͽɿ飬Ž˵Ʊá
ǰЩıϱһɸ׵Ľᶳͣ˵˺ĸŻ˾ģڱ˼ﻹȱˮʱǼѾͳˡ
ûգڳ׼ʱ򴢱һЩҶɹĺ콷ЩϺõϡ
жʲ飬Ѿʶʱؽˡ
¹⵹뷭Ȼһߣ뻨Ҷ콷ͷ㣬ٽȣ΢һˮһĳͳˡ
ϲóһͥǲ󷹳ԵģȻЩ鲹ϾЩǮлһ죬Ҳǽڼӡ
ԣҲֻÿһ
Ƿڱ˼ң϶ޱȵᣬͷȱˮһͶǿִһٷоܳһͷţһ졣
Ǽӵһζ⣬Եޱȵĸˡ
һĭǴŵȳ~
ҲһŽһ
˵գҲٽ飬סǿӣҧһڣĿʼƷ
ݸһ꣬ڴʳĵЩѧˣȴ˻־ʳƣڳƹйѵĲ֡
ը⣬һǽֵֽģȴʮֵۣ飬㣬ټʲݶ̶ϵļͷŵ֭⾭֮ϸϸĥϡ
Ǹζˣ
룬Ҳ̫ˣǸˣȻѧϰ˰꣬Ȼûѧŵĳ࣬һͱڵ˶ǣȻ󷢳һ̾
ȺУůϯÿϸͷҲðһ㱡
̫ˣ
˳һֻӣȫҲʲôǫá
ԺйԵƣǵ֭ûʣ¡
ԼĶӣϴ룡
ʰӣõģû⣡
һͥúתֻŽụ˵Ҫµ׬֣ǳѧУĹҲɣ˶еӣ˭ϴ룬ʲôأ
ʮʱ䣬ݲϴˣһˮϴһֻԲľš
ũûеӣҲûκֻ˯ʱ䣬ǽɽҲЩˣֻԼͷеεģ򵥵ĸݻ˻֣صԼҡ


ܰڻ

˯ҹ, ֻÿڸ, ģģԼĶͷ, Щ̣Լǰ·, ʹȥҵˮ, Ȼٴȥռ俴һʲôʹõҩ
Ҳ֪˯˶, ú͵ѾϨ, һʱҲ, ֻźߡ
ķ᷿ݣԴӴſڳȥƵ, ߾ݵķֱ
ƽ, ֱӴӴſڳȥƵģҲеε, һʱҲûзֵ巽򣬵ײײ˵˺ݵķϡ
е飬ϱû취ƺ, һصİֱϣ˯ĺһ¾ͱˡ
룿̽ʡ
µģĻҲЩûû, ˯ģҸո·Сġ
仰һͲԣ˵Ҹоͷᡣ
͵һƱӣϽ򿪷ţû뵽뻹ſϣͻȻһûз˹
ֱ̣ܰĻУ̵ϢĲһҶ
á
Ͻĺ󱳣룬ôˣǲﲻ
ôˣҲ֪ôˡ˵е㷸Ϳ
ݵַһֻ̽̽ĶͷƤ̣һ֪Ƿˡ
ûչŮľ飬ʱܹ뵽ľǰȥ
ݷ˺ôǿó뿿ıվãŸϽӣ˫ָոմĸ֨˱û뵽ûһ
񱻿ˮƵģ͵ջ֣ϵϵĺ󱳣һӾ˵ϣϽȥˣܴĵطһƬһʱ䣬е㲻֪롣
ܰڻȴ·ﱧŵĲһˣһס
ݡҪˮȻյеͿˣȻûҪˮ¡
һݣͽ˱ŵԼĴϣǽԺѸȥһˮ
ԴӳסһԺĿˮƿǳˮԵˮĹҲһӣٻصǰѾſĴϡ
ѣֵðˮȷźãȻٴν˱ǰڲ|ѵʱʮɳ˵ͿˣݰͰ͵ĳȴһ
ڣıҡҡλεˣСضˮι뿴ˣ˹˸˸׳죬죬죬Ҫ
ûа취ֻãȻٴλص˳
ڣ2ˮҪ׵ʱ򣬳ҡҡͷſͷϡ
յĲᣬҴȥ￴òãݰˮźãһѯʣһߴ㿪ʼˡ

شһƬ
ںݵ˫ָո§ʱû뵽ԷȻ§סĲЩܵǰ˲䡣
һֻ̣ԼԴһ̻˵һըˣ̲סЩ΢Ĳ롭Ҷ
ǳõֻܵĽԴεģȻһֻŴһţһܡ
ݼȥ˵ĻϽ˻ԴԼᱧ߳Ժӡ
ŪʱҲʮӡ
ǵʱ󱦴Ҳ۰һԱߵԵϣҲӦЩȴһĲͷƵƵŹǷ
ֱӺˣżĽŵãҽ쿴ôˣͷ̵ö켦ˣ  
ʲô ϻһܣ̽̽Ķͷ죬鿴̦
ӵʱ䣬ͽ۾Żϡ
ӦǷ纮ðüҩȥţϸšʪëͷͺˡϸƣȻһĿʼҩ
ũŮˣ͸Ƶģ˭ûйͷȵģҲûļôŹ
ҩһ٣һΣһ6ëǮֽͦ죬ʱѾҩĳƺá
ݸϽ¶Ǯʹĸ6ë
һڣҲ۾ݡİ
յͨ죬ڵƹӳ£ġ
̲סһͷڿҽأҩͻȥˡ
ҲóҩҩֿѳԡǿһЩһ뵽ҪЩڵĸī֭һҩüͷ
ûоּϺڳȥռѰҩֻÿͷʾ顣
ȥϸ÷ǣҩһŻ÷ǣģ׼ﲻ࣡ݲĿüԺĺš
ǳ֪࣬ǹ˺ӣûа취ָӣȴҲֻܾԼŬ̹һЩ
ǵҲ˵ʲô˱죬ǿǴӦҲӦԵİ취ʱҩ֭һ취ȥС
Աߵ۴ʼһֱ۾ǣһɽɽһصֻθ﷭ڣ£ϣҲƲסԼ˳
󱦵ڼ˱˶죬Ϊ˶ûзԵģθûжŻҲֻһЩȥˮָŻĸоȫˡ
ոŻһǿһЩǸиһЩβҩﲻܳԣ䲻ֳɵҩؼҵģ˫ȴ򶶣ֻϻһ
ȣûжԱȻû˺ڿԺίҲƲסͬǼ޸˴ˣƾʲôһһ㱻
ܣ
룬ҩˣſұϣұȥСΧסСԴȻ
岻ֻֽŶҲûгǿǿ첲ſıϡ
ݵĺ󱳿̤ʵһĪİȫУͿһƨɣ~ҵĴؼ~
ÿ˵ͯ궼һΣϲıЩĵŮںݱ˫յһ̣һֽŮĴ
úúãǻؼˡ֪ڷ˵Ȼ
˫ֽƨſøһЩȻС߳ļ
ԶȥˣҲƲסԼίֽԵıɨ˵ϣ
󱦣㿴˼ôԴӵģٿ㣡֪н죬ҾǱһȳӣҲԲҪ޸㣡
ͷһһģ۾أͻѡ
죬һСƣڴ˯ˣˣһ̻ҲûУҲ֪ȥˣҵȣȵӣ٣һ˵ڴˣְŵĻû⼸ȫƢš
ǣǺӹˣ̧֣һ˦۵ϡ
û뵽ˣ޷ľͱһȵڵأҲײأ̾˹ȥ




ԴӽʦѡǼԺһֱȽ, Լ̤̤ʵʵµظɻ׬, 
ڰ, ʦѡ׵ҲʱŶ𽥵ȥ
ӣָֻһЩԪ
ⲻ캮ض, ʡԼ͵һֻ, ʮÿ˸˹ּҵķš
, ûмųϿ, һ˵˷纮ð, Ǻݸġ
ܽȥΣʱ, óҲûа취Ͽ, ǻ㷭Ļᡣ
˹ֵʦԺԼĵ䣬ȥʱҲûоκˡ
ôˣ򿪷, 
θڲզãһùԣҽȥ𣿡ϴЦ, ˻ĺ
˹ֶѾûжĸоǿںķϣǿ˵ͷ
ʦְҵ棬ԼԺ󣬷Ҳûеôá
ǰЩ㹤֡ʳ, 水Ͽεǹ֣ԭŵǸֵģǵ˷ֶʱͱԣÿֻ7ֲ˵Ϣһ죬Ϲ
ô˵ȲϴһͶ׬õĹ
֮⣬ҪÿʱȥɽʰѧУߵһĵֵ߲ˣǿӦԼ
£ͷĲٳûͷȷʵЩ׾ݣҹֻܿŲѿһССĺ͡
ȻһֻȥͷҲ󣬲ӬСҲ⡣
˹ţĲӣһ졣
⻹1ιÿķţһסǺãֿһŴұ߰һСſڿߵλһСӣůĲ
ϴᣬ˲֪ٱ
Ϊ֪㻹û޺ãЩ֪ȻסڴСƽµһϣ͸Ҫ̸ʲôˡ
ΧŻѺ۶ϣһݸ˹֣СһԼ˹ҧһڣȻ״Ʋʵ

˹ֱͶĻţһغڱ˶ǣ֣ǵġ
˼ҶҲͺ࣬ôʲô뷨𣿡
Բֻǵͺô򵥡
ܸܲУ˵һ˵ѽ˵ţס֣Ļ˻Ρ
ֻﺬɬһ˫۵ҲֱϲͣĴš
˹ֲûж㿪Ƭ̵´棬Ҳ˵㣬Ҳ֪ģǼֵͦ󡭡
ʵӰ죬˰ûдۣصãⲻָָ㡣
仰Ķȫζ
˹֣ʶôãڵģͰ뷨ҰǰЩӸдţ˵ǹʱҼһЩöʱ϶ٲġ
˵Щö˹̲סᣬǰڣĸĸܻӳһЩöÿζٲķݡ
ţɣ龫ǡЩһ붼̲סˮ
ϧ˺Сӡ
ǲ˵㣬˶ñǹ꣬ôҲܹЩûеϡͷͲܰ˵ˣ
УǸҰʣ
õӦʣ˸߲ҵӡһǣȻװߵ˳ȥ

ڶ糿˸磬Ļϲ֪ͨûеȵ˹ȥϿΣû뵽ȴȵۺȥæš
֪࣬ϱȥæǴ嶫ͷһҵСϱ
ʲô˼۵Ϣʲôðæģ⺢Ӳ4£ֲǿˣ
Ӵ֪ɲ֪Ŵѩȥҽ·ϻĺܣʱСˤһӣСϱӵģ֪ķա
Ǯ͵ͷҽԺȥɱƽҪûǮֻڴ￪ҩܰǻȫ
һͲǮ
ôôأϢյˣҹȥȻ꣬Ҳñڱ˵л˵顣
һߣ˹ҲԥҪҪ˵ε¡
糿ĳĺӣģһɨȥ߰β룬һ꼶ȫһ
뵽ϵԼĴڣһݣߵµİ칫ҡ
û뵽칫ûˣѧ¥棬
УûʲôΣӴüãһ6죬ÿ춼һֿΣǵ꼶Ǹ꼶һ糿ڰ칫ںӡ
νһٶ˥һûˣ˹ҲûȥѰµ
ͷ˼Ȧһת֪ᣬȻվſڣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ߹
Ǹ꣬Ҳ֪ʦѡǸӰͦģУܲǺ⡭˹ֻѡ
ﱾй⣬仰˲ͽеϣǿܣллߴȥУȥα㲻ȥΰɣ
Ϊڸĵ׵ʧ䣬ǿЦЦ
˹ҲЩΣں䣬ҪȥϿεͷ첽뿪ˡ
εû䣬һϴ磬Ȼˣȥۡ
ӴС󱦼ʮӽų̡
һӲ˲٣ӪãĸµвôԻ
ۣô㲻Сġ۵Ĵǰӣ󱦼ݣװһǳģ
ϵˤһӣûʲô°ɣ
ллλչˣλҵĺý꣬λȥͷ˵强Ļ۵ȻŴڲ࣬˵Ҳʮ
Ӳչģ˼빤ģһ벻ľͲҪˡ
ϣһԺ󣬶ײӣҲĺ󣬾ûʲô⣬ֻԼǳ벻ڻ·ϣĴεҪ󱦺ݺݵקġ
λĻûҪȥ˼
ѽҶŮˣʲôģ
ǰǰ֪һ˵˵~
۾һ⣬˵ҲӲЩ
λҶãܴ粽صҵĺӳֻ뻺һ飬ⶼĻҾøһȥ
ȷʵ۶һʱһλӻǳҡ
˽Ź۲ƫұϺȻӡһϺɫİӡ
굽ʱףҲ˵ʲôˤӣǱ󱦴ˣ
꣬ûˣֻæס֣һﲻɣứ
ô㣿е㽩ǿֻա
˵ʵʲô鷳ﻢ£ֻװװӡ
ƽͳĹϵãҲ֪ҽܲܰ뷨Ӵһ̥ҩۼѵ̧ӣսĶ䣬˵
ĲҪˡ
Ľпܻһ٣ֻҪһҪȥϰˡ
Ψжӣֵ⡣
˵̥ķӵУҲġ
ϵҽԺ̥ҪмǩҪͬЩ۾͸ûа취ɡ
ܹ꣬һҩԺһģһԾͰϸˣ֪ӲûԶĻѹúܹܵͣ
ȥһ~ûоܾҲûгŵ
ãҲȥһˣʱ꣬ȻʦǾóҲò


Ͷ

ڼϢ, صѧУȥϿˡ
Щҩ, û취, ÿҩʱ򣬺ݰһѵǰһһŻ÷, ޿ӡ
ڿռ仨, һƿƸðҩˮ, ȥСʱͺ, ֲֶݽ, Ϊ˶ܳҩֻøϽػصѧУ
ʱѾʮһѮѧУĩ, ֮, ѧԹˡ
УεܵǼ£СĽ, ûзʲô
ӵҲǹƽ
ĩ嵽ѧֻĿҪԣһһ, ƶǳ̵ģνԾҲдںڰϣѧܳ
һ翼꣬ѧؼ, ѧУԾˣٰܷһ㣬Ūȴ׮¡
ѩͣˣ»Ǻܵͣϵѩ˿ڻڰ칫һ߸Ծһߵǳɼýŷ顣
룬𣿡֪ѧУпԣԴӿѧԺһֱУſڣٳٲԱҵ˰칫ҡ
ѧУķʧޣҲϻˣû˩ϣֱ˽
𣿡ʱ񣬳Ҳѵάʲôĺгơ
ȨֻΪʱ׵
룬ҴʱҲһʱͷԣҲû˺㣬ҲˣҪûһ͸˹ҲܹͬʱѧУϿѽ
˵ţسգգ۾
˵ˣΪ飬˭˭ӮǸδ֪ء
ȫעضԼԾʲͣĴŹѾ޸˸ݣ㲻Ҫҡ
ֻǲ˼͸˹ôĸ飬˵¾ܷµģҲ֪֪ڴѣҺа÷ѵҲ޿ɺǣǣվҪصȥģʱ㻹ǿԺ͸˹һ𡭡
ңΪЩྰɣһ£Ҫ˵˾ͿԳȥˡѱһţ
ʮ֮ûʲô£һ㶼ͶԷ
ѽ㵱ʦԺҲˡ֪ǰ಻ԵĵطҲǿͨ͸ˣⲻţٺָյĺý~˽³ܾϽ˵
ⲻۿŴڿ쵽ˣҳʦҪ˼ҪǲҸ
ɵĿһۣҪʲôһ˵ɣ
Ȼ곯ȷû˾ԺĴս˳룬˶¾£˾꣬ۿžҪˣֻҪǲ̫ݵ˼ң򸱴֣
ʲôϵĴҲʮַԷƤĳ̶ȡ
Ͻ֣֪ģʦܹдһֺõë֣һëǮ⣬ڸȥܱߴܰѴĺ5ëǮĴԸһë󣡡
СᱻΪͶѣ󱦵ڼⶼƸ۲ӣҪǳͷˣڴֱֶ棬ֻҪ̫֣Ҷһֻ۱һֻۡ
⣬ṩ⣬һҲð
пռ֣ԵĶԸȥðգô˵ɣҺͺݶǮȤ
û뵽ܾô죬ģֻҪݰæ˹ȥǺϼͷҾͲûҪҪǾˣҲԡë
ʵ׬Ǯ֮⣬Ҫ취ѳˮ׬Ǯֶ£ֻҪһţûа취ʱҪǺϲˣӲһ|뻹Ǳεϡ
û뵽ǣԷͲס
˵ˣǶûȤȻ·ȥ׬ЩǮǵı£Ҹ޸ܡ뽫ϵԾһڴһƣ׼ؼҡ
ûа취Ҫûûˡ
ȳ˰칫ţߵһţҲųѧУȥҳ
ʵ취ǳģԴѧУ뿪Ժ󣬶ûסѧУṩļᣬס֪Ǽũ߷ܶ࣬ոչڳһλã׬Ǯ
ڽʦѡϣж޳룬ҲˣûԼдȡ
ȥʱɪɪԼϣũ߷λòûʲôطƽղǽɵģ캮ضȥ濾𣬻ڴϡ
ıѾ˶꣬ѹϲ˵ʮֲůʱǼ䲻Ը´ţ
ô𣿡ܳɣܻܳЩ˵ȥ򼸽޻һů͵İӹ
ƿŽȥڴ£ЩɥҡҡͷûгɣģͲ·
Ҳ֪ǲĴܾڵǰĳˣһס
ҲЩʧ䣬Ա£ͷ˰Σֻ˸˽ˣģȢ˸Ů֪࣬Ůļʶ൱϶λţͿ϶ҪǮ
һ֮סľÿ˶Ҫģ
ҲȻ򣬡޶Գĸ飬ؼҴ嶼֪ϲһˣ϶ṩõǵͻƵ㣬Իһˣ


Ϲ~

صʱ, ڳ濾, żͲ, ôġ
ѧǿԿˣĶԱߵһţһŵӡ
˦˦ľӣǴѧУԾ, һֻĲӬ˵, ûа취ֻðѹˡ
, û, 
, ˵ǳдഺϣȥ
ݸһë, ûдӦɣ
ҵȻܴӦ, ȥǿͶѵ£ȥ, ʱǰһƣǳԲ˶ߣëһִ˴, ǿоԼů
ǸСԴԱ߰һӣ
ҸóԷӷ鱾׾͸, רŸ鱾ġ
ɼ򵥵ľƳɵģ֪̽ڶ̽ڵľͷƴնɣľڹҵģǴ߶Ҫ£û˸ȥ˽ԿģӣõĴʣķϡ
ȣõӣؼҴߵɽɽҰӣҪʲôþߣӣû˵ʲô
лл~ЩжΪ˱ʾϲͰԼװԾĲӷŵϡ
޼ӣҲһЩ˼ӺףסһҲ͹Ҳٺö~
۾һ㣬ɢųγĹâһתȥȥˣ
ʱҲȷʵ緹ʱ֣ϴ׼͸𳴲ˣϵʮֺг
Ե⣬򵥵ĴнһѾ㹻ζ
һֳַǿĶһ¾ܲһѣԺĻͭǮݣֲιӣǳʡ
ҲǰĹѾ10ֻˣΪ˱̫ҡǰЩɱ˼ֻ¥ĸ¥ϴ磬ϱѬơ
ԤǻܳϺüٵ⡣
ιӻóɹлᣬȥιֻ
˸ճ극һĹ򣬱Ժš
Դӳ޽ԺӵķʢÿγԷ֮ǰȰŹϣرַѩҲû˶롣
˰ɾְŴͨ磬ݲ˹ȥԺŴ򿪡
ǳһʿģ֣
ͬ־ã
ɨһۣûκηӦ
Щεذַȥ㣬һ졣
˵ţĳԺ濴˿֪ڼҪڼҵĻܷ񷽱㵽ȥһȦ
ݱ೶Ǵ˿ͻȻһ뷨ɫذԺŹϣڼңȻǳʦңҵȻøӡ
һʦؿһ˺ôųһЦ߰ɣ
ܹȢ֪Ů꣬ʵˣ
ûǫ飬ȷʵʵһϽŮ꣬ȷʵӦŬ׷ĽŲˣ
һ仰г»ͬ־ܹϽҲȷʵһ꣬˰ڼͥӦλ˵ţǸ˶
ݹЩȻشûа취ÿͷĲдСʦݣõ㣬Ҫô죡
ĵЦһȴװһͬܵӣʵڼеλҪܹ׬Ǯһ׬ǮķӣҪҪһ𷢲ƣ
֮ǰѾ˱ܾ׼ǿ⸱ӣ˼ְա
˵޵ӿЩС
ⲻӽдһ˵ĺȥֽȥҲдֻҪ˵ȥ֣˾
Ʋⴺһ5ëǮѵĳɱҲһëǮ۳ɱԺ֣ÿһ׬1ë61016100أ106
Լ˵˵Ҳ޾
ô׬Ǯôأ޵ȻܹӦ̫ˬ졣
ӦѾѯʵ⣬⵱ȻҲ֮У
㿴ڸؼҴũʵĲɹÿһ¾ͻسǣ峤˵Ժ󻹻Ƽȥר䣬˾û˻ỳɡ
ô˵Ҳеķ䣬ҲǺ⡣ޱϷҪȫ׵뷨ʼ۸ˡ
׬Ǯû뵽޾Ȼġ֣ô
õֵĴ4ëǮҪ塢֡׳
塢֡㡭ҡȻӦۼߺתҪߵ˼ֻһģ
Уɽ
ǳˣǡҽϾҹ͹
ɣúҪʹ峤ȥسǿһδᣬϣѶͷŵʱҰҪ˹ȥĻУݵȻóѶ͡
ߵ·;Զײһ¾ͷˣ
״ɣ֣ʦǺ~
죬죡˸߲ҵ뿪ˡ
ʱ֪㣬ųӭȥ̽Ϣô̸ûУ
̸ˡĦȭƣҾҹٶдһЩֽ
õġҲһʮָ˵ӣЩô͹ȥأ
Դ֪Ժ󣬲ֹʾһεĺøУҲȫûз
ϣҾֱ֪Ѵŵϣʱص£֪
̫ˣʮֿƵĵȴ̲סߣ
ѾϹˣֻҪˣ


ٱ

ʦʱһֽ, ĩףʱ, û뵽ףû, ֽҲûóȥ
ӴСʱǴűת˼ҵģû뵽á
˺޵Ӧ, , ͳ㿪ʼ, 긺ֽ, 㸺д, ˵͵ƾũ߷æˡ
ªһľƵĵд֣̱̯Ŷ
Щıû, дֵˮƽȴ, ʦԺһëΪʱÿǰں, Ҫīһ֡
յú͵ԾɷдŴ󼪴Ļֽ, ȴЩģϾﱾɵģֲұֵ̫ԣߡ
ûеƻƵĵƹУ˿ȥʮֵͦ, ꣬Ǽ򵥻е̲סʼеǷǣ
ڴСͺˣ˵˻ܷչʲôϧһ֪࣬κεĺô
ÿһ㣬ĥĥģֽˣһͷȴڷÿһҪ3ģҳһ£д100ܹǮһµĲ
УǡѵܡԴӽʦѡǼִԺҲûʲôŮ˵ˣ˸ѹӣ׬Ǯ·ӣһʩᡣ
еˣ￴ӦҲʮˣҪ˰ɣֽ򵥣һֱҪСģһСʱҲˡ
Ȼ˵ʮǾ50ɣʱ꣬һ壬ҪͱսˣȻǶòǮȻûᣬֻʣһˣҲҪꡣ
Ҳģһ׬ǮҵȻĺȣ
ϾҪĿǺݺͳ룬˳ѡ

ϣͰѶ׼ˣһڴǰ۲ߵ
ݸ˵ȵ֪Ļң˻ϵʱ
컹ûھͿʼȴһ̣ڵȵϻңľͰѶᵽϡ
պ޵˵Ѷŵ棬ʱѹ֪
ڳʱԺߴϤϤҲûκλɣѹͷôҶѾںˣ¾㱸ֻǷˣ
𣿡ɤһǺޡ
Ǻ
˵ҪЩͶѵ£ұţû뵽ۼΪʵ
һţæ֣峤ҽͣ
ýͣȥũ߷һѣ֪ôˣһӿŻѵꡣ
ĶǴᾫ׳ˣһͷʮ㣬˵Ϳʼ
Ϊ֣˷Ժصسɢվ֪ԺĲԶڿŰྐྵӡ
磬ȥҺٱ£Ͷ鱻֤ʵһĹµĻᣬϴΪʦѡζµ۵㵵
ۼԺƻͨӦѾץֳ̲סЩ˽ϣ޾ͻǱ|еĶһ˼ô˻ʦΪ޵ӣﻹʸȥСν̣
ʧȥһУսĻص
峤ҵһܿ죬˴ѳ˶
Ѱ˶˹ѰԺյʮֵֽһչֻһд˵Ĵ
ôһԾͲá
峤ҽͣǱԩģǶǺޣдģ˵ҸдһЩȻȥһ㿪ʼжΡ
˵ݣһЦһԼȥȾţһǺȵողɢ
ǹģϵȻѣһвΪͷ峤˫ȷֻˡ
⸱ӣúЩˣ֪ͺ޲㲻ϱȲ˼ңҲ˼խ
ӽȾ𣬺Ķʲôϵ
Ͼٱ֪࣬˼ҹ֪ϴĸ棬ˣôһֱаأϵĴŵһûѵԼӹ˻ѡ
峤ˣҪ©ȥҲҪ͵һ棡û뵽ԼľȻС꣬һֻûҧ顣
֪ˣʲôȥˣ½ƽȻᣬΪ
Լ͵СȥģΪˣıܼ尾ãĴȻǲطˣ
ˣϾͰ󵽴岿ϣϿᣬôһʲôˣ
ܿ죬ԱǼץŻѵ׳˲ɷ˵ľߵߣ˼ֱӰϰקسԺӡ
ԺⲻԶĿľῴų˳ֻصźҲͬĴ
û뵽һȣȵ˶ԺţҲûп޵Ӱ
ѵû


ɢ

һ, ȥѽ˵Ǹͷǩӵĳʦˣ
ǼŶ, ²ôʱ, ʲô۶ˣ
òסһѩһƿţǴѩ׷ɡ
һʱ, ĵĽ, ֪ĸߴӴ岿Ϣ, ûͨȷ֪ͨ, һʮʮٵ, ؼҴ嶼Ϣ
ݽҪͺȥسǣ磬ҪٹŸͬѧǷĩ֪ͨ, һ, ֣˸ճţ㿴ſ, Ⱥ岿ߡ
ֲٿᣬÿÿһǰμӣʱӴﴫ
˸Ƿ, ˭ʲô𣿡
ѾаĹ򣬿ȻûϰߴӾ𴲵ʽ
ҲǺҪȥ岿ȥƣûаͳ˵ȻĵѾµ˼ֿ, ûż˵
ȺǺܿ˴岿ֻ廨İڴ岿ϣϵѩ׷ȫϣмҵζ
źݣɱǧģƭңҰԼԣ
仰һɫҲ񴩹Ⱥ߿
޵Ȼϣʦ˵ʲôʲôԼ
飬һҧϣ˭ҲûΡ
ޣӺɷ򣬸ҵӦҪһģôȻ˵еģûϣϣڲֿﱻһҹֻû
ǣһ޴һů͵Ĵ£Ա߻վŽС˵֪ϱ㲻һ
˵ӣʮַŭмš
ʦҸ˵ʲô£һΪϱɴСʦѹƱ֮ΪͻûʲôôܻһȥʲôҲʮֳϿңǡôĴɻ벻⡣
ͳ˵˵֮йڵģҲһС£ܹϵһȥĸʾС֮СԴɻ񣬶ʱҲʲôƵġ
㣡û뵽ƽһʱȻˣ
㻹Ǹˣ˵Ļ͵ƨһ㻹ּۻۣҪֳɣŹ˶ã͵ˣ
飬˭˭ɵϣ
峤㿴ңôܹڴ˵ˣҽҪش峤ȥسǣθ˽˵Ҫ˽ҲѡһԼԳеӰɣݲŲæ˵Ҳŷ
һȥô޶˵ѵӣˣˣһٴ˿֪ڸ𣿡
ҡۼԼţЩĴԴ
˵ЩҲܣǵĻôǩٵ£ûǩٵ£ڰյеȻ࣬ҲҲʵ¾
촩ر͵һɫ޻ӣһͬɫϵĿӣȥʵͽģεźָܹԼϴεĴ֡
Ҳ̫ȣһۣ˵ˣͬ־һͶ¼бͻ˹˵ܽһεĴֹҲҶ㿼꣬ٳʲôϴξֱ
۾ЦˣȻһûܰѺ޺ͳˮôյһôҲôʱ䡣
æȥᣬҲûжʱܹ|ᣬͽ˴ӳ
ں޵ĺ棬̵ţԶվĿһֱ׷ӰֱʧߵС

ȥʱ򣬺Ҫ꿪ҪõʳӹãҲûʲô£ܡ
ؽֵýرǰٻ̵꣬˳֯
Ũ·Ʒרʱ̲סͣ
ڵĻƷƷֲ࣬ѩ࣬ͨ֬ˮۣһЩ֬˲࣬˲١
³һɫӣǮ
ۻԱֺسһۣ飡
Լʼ۵̫࣬ԷҲûʲôģټʱΪĿģӲҪۻԱʲô̬ȡ
붵ﻹеǮԥͳ飬ȥһӵİȸ磡
ЩƷռĵȻûȣռĶҵĿŵĨҪ˸ĶڻȻܹ˵Ļɡ
ۻԱҲû뵽ôɴ࣬ӹǮȻӲľͳһУ־ͷŵ˹ϡ
ڴĽУĻƷ˶
кһʱȴ˲֪ʲôʱ򲻼ˡ
ȥˣģΨޡ
е㼱ˣոѡʱ޻Աߵģǳʱ˺ڿƷʱһʱ̫ɢˡ
վԭصȣºݸȺȥһԥãǵԭأĴãʼûп
С·ɣʱһ߸׳׳˹Щ⡣
ͥڣ뵹ǲЩʲô۶ûгȥ
Ǹ˿ȥ30꣬׳ǾĿźմ͵ĿȿӦǸˡ
Ϊ˿߶˰ɣ˲ûзҪ͸һȥɣȵǮ϶򣡡
ǰЩּģҲһЩӻĵŮˣΪһڳԵڴ˻ӣƭϱȥǼֱ̫ˡ
ǰƤĲĺӦҲԲĻ᲻ݴ׳׳ǰ֡
벻뱻첽뿪û뵽ȴһס
ϱ㲻ҪƢ˺òã֬ˮۣܹĶ
ſңû뵽ԷȻʹôһС
һؼҰɣϴЦʮֳӡ
ԱҲ߹һЩֵģΪìܣҲûǰȰ⣬һЩνĴʼ˵ͣ
ŮڼּҵĺãЩ֬Ĩ۵£ЩͨŮģ
ҲǸʵˣģǻȥӰɣ

˵ϺˣллλȰҿЦˣ˵žͰѳ¥
ôãҲûǸɢѾˣֻҪشĳϣ޿ӡ
ܿͱ˰ٻ̳ſڣſ͵ؾͳ˵󴦺ݺݵҧһڣȻһԱߵĴ꣬𼸸̳Ӿһңֻѵ̳Ӧ顣
ٶҲëˣӷŭ˹ǽߣû뵽ȴ߳ӪҵԱסǵȥ·
һ̳ӣ6Ǯܹ鳳ܣЩǮߣ
ûһ꣬ңҸеĲ죬ҿ⣬ǿɲߣ
ģһȺǰͷʪյճգһ˫۾ſ־壬˵ĳ
컯գȻǿŮʱ˹Ϊ˵ͳԷŶһȭͷ
ʮѵĿɲǰģȭͷӲһȭȥðǣһŻ
뻹ȥϸᣬ̧һϥǶ˶ԷĶϣȭͷݺݵشԷ۾
£Ѿ۵ö׵˵ϡ
ݡˡҲܲô࣬һĨᣬһ飬ľͳĻ


ܽӴ

ڲ|ӵʱ򽲾, ²Ӧó嶯, ǽ, ޿ƲסԼִˡ
ͳɢҲѲϵ, ӵĶ, ǮȻһһ, ܵĳ, ղһֱͷǰ߱, ȫ˳ĽŲ
ʵտʼʱ򣬳뻹нһ, Ȼз, ȴԼǾרҵѵľ|ˣһͶûвμӹŮ֪ࡣ
ܹĽŲ
ûˣûˡ޵ųļ, ĺ󱳣οš
˿̣һʧõĸоͷ, 뱻ǸˣһӣܹܲԭԼ
Ҷ챻ˣ˵ô, Ҳͱˡءίı죬Ҳһ
ͬû󣬸ոǴŻֻܽ꣬ĺȻȻ͵|ƭڣǲڼǿŮ
Ժٸ100ӣҲԲһٵҹˡ
ûˣûˣⲻ𣿡ݸܵͿ־壬һֱϸİο
ںû֮ǰ򶨣ĵ׵ĺίһޡ
ƽǿֹ۵ӣҲ֪ô죬ֻһ԰οһ߶ǸڵŶӵˣֹԷܡ
֪˶ãƽ̳ǮԱȺڵİ£һǸŤɳåǴҪꡣ
˰鴦꣬Ѿ磬ò¹ӣҲûѡִŻǮڹӪһ档
ˮһ󿪵ļ棬ϼĴлÿһ룬ҪһǮ
ԴӳԺʳ϶벻˺޵ֻۣ˶ӡ
ߵʱȻѾ˻ᡣ
û߽㿴һ֪𣿴漴ͨˣ
Ǽֱ̫ˣںݻûӦʱ򣬾Ѿ˵
֪жú͵ƣȲ˵Ĺ󲻴зҡҷһ˯ڴϣʱĿֲ롣
ͨһ£֪Ϊʲôһصӡ
ÿ϶ǺãϵݣҪĵ磬ÿҪѣҪڴУѡŨŨü˴֡
һͷõ縲Ҫﵽٷ֮٣һѹͷɽеޱȾ޴ѹ
һ֪ɲУ̫õˣҲʼ
Ƕõĺô˽⣬һʼ϶ųǣֶƷûȵҪĳ嶯
ôܲҪĳ嶯أںؼҴô̫꣬˽ǵĸԣҪǮĶǶûжȤ
˵߸˺͵߶ҪԼǮÿÿһҪԼǮġ
ʮǮһĵ൱ڸ⣡
˵õǱȽʵĶ˭ҲԸΪһзˣԸ⣡˵üɫ裬
ȻͷҪռõʣôƹ˶ã߸˾ͻӵڣʱǴͷһһȻ棬ٰõһʱ֣࿴Σõ˹ͻ
һܺõӣϴ»ոʱ򣬺ܶ˶ǳԻɵ̬ȣϴɾɵȵҶʼˣͳһּҼһرճ
ȥʱ򣬺ɿ˲٣С챻ŵòᣬȻɽ·Ȼ˯˹ȥ

ǻصؼҴʱѾǰڵĿ죬Žµ·ѾЩģģѩһǳһŵģһСľˤ˸ࡣ
û°ɣ޷Ӧ죬ԱߵĹʱϽæ
ﴩ·࣬˶ȽӷףΪ޵һӦȥû뵽һֱ㶵ľ˵˳ϡ
˵·ߵéסһ˫˫ԱߵС
ڶˮﲢûлˮϺѩ棬ˤȥеۡ
棬ſϣ֮ľ벻10ף̫æ̫ļһţԼëñĴӡ
ڹԣͷ͵һ㣬ͺİϣ
ûм⣬ͰӲģ⻹СĴգе̵ġ
ԲҲǹģһֻҵӣ͵ĵֽŲõˮ
޻ûлعոһ˲䣬ֻеһ쳣ӡϣʪʪȵģһ˵
20ûŮȹ͸ոһǣһشˮ
뱾һֻ񣬰Ⱦܣǲǰ˼ȴûиĽŲ̲סЩ
ޣû°ɣ
ô˵ҲΪæŻ¹ȥģҷȥʱ棬Ҳ֪ûпĵʲôʯͷӡ
ԷȻûлӦ˻Խ룬ԽЩżˣޣ˵仰û°ɣ
жּú޻ع񣬱һȥƽԥôһ룬ı뷨ȻûһͦԼԴ֣
û¡ǸոͻȻһͷΣһѣ
һϽǰæ
Ҫ֪ũˣʱ޵ͷȻĹֿĵһӤȭͷСİҩʱһҲûԡ
ȻҪ˷ˣ˵Ĳᣬ~˵ţС֡
޽ųӹһ·ϻװЩؽһִֻ˳ļϡ
ΪոյܽӴ뱾ﻹЩ˵ĻңǺһΣҲû˼ֻŸϽң˿ڡ
ӣںǰˢ˲ٵĺøУֵ˲٣ҩûġ
һ·ϣ۾ɵñͭ廹ר־ؿ·ٰˤš
˸ջصſڣûü㿴÷һֻںԺſڵżϡ
ԺţǱ򿪵ģмոµĸͷӡ֮ǰõͭҲһԡ
ûˣ÷Ļ˻ӣǲӦøһ
޼Σڳϵ֣ҲĬĬĳһ˫ӥһۣݺݵĶȥ޲ðѶԷƤ⣬
˭ȨҼŵģ
ҼҵļˣɽҵԺҵǰҲ˻ⲻ¼ǼԾͽඣ˭֪Ȼҷĺö÷Цüۡ
ʵעźˣԴϴΧǽŵζԺÿʱ䣬͵վǽζԺüζŵζ
ò״һ˫˫ԶŵĻᣬô




ͭǮ, ⼸ֻӶʮֽ׳, ÷, ֵȥ
ҲΪֻӣʲôԵģ㣬ûоǵ, ˽ԴҼ, Ҽҵ, ʾΪ͵, ǰһѽӶ˹, ŵĻ
⼸ֻӣģر÷ŵһֻ, ﻹС, ոձŻȥҲ֪ûˡ
˽ӱ𣿡÷Ȼû, ǹƾӵëɫͿóӦɽҰá
ɽҰζɲǼܱȵ˵ģζ˵, ӪֵҲߵö࣬ոϸƹˣֻӣû뵽Ȣ, Ҳˡ
ӵĹ涨֮ҿ5ֻǼҾֻĸֻҲûΥ涨޿÷һ
ҲҪ˵ˣȥ峤һ˰ɣҵ뿴͵ñ˶峤ôã
÷ˣ̨վĿðޣɽӿǹҵģȻ˵ιιˣôҲȫΪ˹ҵ棬͵˵峤ˣҲûд
첻µز£ӿ϶Ҳվߵģƫˣڳʲô˻
Ȼ˵ɽĶǹҵģȥ궬´ѩʱ򣬺󲮿ɽһֻҰûпĻҰëڻڸ߰ɣ
괺죬Ҳɽ˲ɳΣųԣɹ˲ٵӦҲûи汨ɣ
һһ˳ϾǿⱾС˵ˣһЩµڿɻǼǵõġ
÷ЩɵˣЩǴûи˵ô֪ģ
룬СӣǲһֱأҽҪϹ˫ۣ
һ仰˵Щ߳ŭ
÷צҪǰȴһƣֱˤ˸ƨɶס
÷ôʵһһ˸ݣס֣͵ľһڣһʮľͼѪˡ
ʲô֪޲״ŮˣϽǰȥæ
ƽ־󣬿ܸոЩż־ЩȻ÷ƿԶ
޵ϣһȦӡðѪ
÷ҲۣſڵһͣҪȥȴûиᣬץס͵һΣһʹֱӰ˻ȥ÷һûץȣ;ͱؿڡ
£ջֵ˺
ȥ֮ǰڻ·˸¥ڷɵȫɽ˿ռ䡣
Ȼ»Ƿǳ棬Ե޼ҽ˺㣬Ȼ˵ҰȷʵɽģͷܴɽŪı£ҲʲôͷҰζ˭ţҲŹ
ֻֻÿķΧڡ
÷ȴΪ˽Դ˼ܵ˺ѵ⡣
˴ܵ£ޱҧһڣ÷ͱؿڣƽ
һ¼У÷ûռˣټؿڵһֱʹҲͣһ졣

1976괺ޱƼȥʽΪسǵܻ˵˾
ͷ˾һְҵݳӵе֪ʶְҵںܳһʱ֮ڣռżơ
ĸ￪Ժ󣬹Ҿ𲽷չҵóҲƽ֮ʽƷķͨͨ벻˾
ְҵΨһǷȱıǣ޲żңЩʱܻҪЪڳϣ߽סسǵĻ˵㡣
룬˵ӦӦȥ浽Ҫдʱ򣬺ҲЩԥ
ʵһѶϵˣǷųһںؼҴ壬Щġ
ȻӦȥԶԶȺؼҴ徫ʣҲö࣡ת÷ɿ죬ԥĵͷ
޵һĨۿɼʧ䣬ôϣ߰
˾ĻףÿжʮǮĹʣѾҪϳˣʵȻˣ֪ΪЩɬ
ٳٶۣҲܵĲᣬԥãҪʵʱԼĸǵֱϣ
ģڼúõĽ飬~
Ļģȴĳ֣صĳŵݾԼǶŵľͨˣ̲ס͵͵ĹǣͰдˡ
ѺȥȻ˲⣬ͷῪָؼҴ˺ޱûˣԲҲֻš
ֻ߸һڣͻȷ
뻹ûпѧݱųÿɽܣһγԶǰҵһѡ
ֶȵģȴĺܣĴָϸӣһھҧϣر
ʱѨڲݴԵ£ֻеϲŻʳǺҪȻûʱ㶰
е̧ͷڣǶѨɽλãá
а취ˣͻȻ͵һţõɵéݣѬñ¨ڶڣһܣֱӽ¨ӣ
ԣݴӶͳһл·߰һҰݣԺŪ˳ŷķ洵
յҰݵʱ˶šһֻʴʹӶѨ˳
˵ʱʱ죬¨һ֣ɹ䲶
һӵ£һҲ˾飬ֱӾͽǩˣԭذ˶¨ϲݵڸǣ˸κ
ÿһοһȽŹϣæ
ֽſ죬ƤԺѸٶС飬Ȼʳơ
һ׼ϣһжɵĽţҲϵʮֵĬǿһֱζһ˿˸С
˶Ĭţֻŵͷ¡
𽫹ȣͣϳ㣬ټⷬ쵽˷Ժ󣬼ˮϹ֭
ͷջ𣬳ҲЩĲɵվԣˮ֭յĲԺֽҸǡ
ʱǹʱľƵĹǸոսҿһ磬һ˵ҪɢףΪ񣬹һңͽ˹ȥ
̵ᵽϣ̵óһ£ĹֱӶ˹г
ôˣޱľϽվ
ģұˡ
ǸϽȥˮ壡ʱˮٽ£õİ취˵ţͲɷ˵ĳߡ
ĲˡϾǰļ磬ƻ
üͷһ壬ʱˣܲʲô
ֱԺ߶ʮһͰһưˮֱӳϣţʮư
ԭ̵֣ˮĳˢ˲併£ֻǱˮ̫䣬ʮưˮҲʪˣô¡
ݻģץֱһͰˮʮӣŰó۵ֱͨ죬̲ס̾Ϣ
ôôСأԺҲڼô죿
˵ãһ仰ɹ̼٣۵һ˳
лҪ˵УСɰСıˮ̵ֱӵˮͷ³ϴ£ݡ߶ײЧЦޣݣ



ݵһγȥܻ, Ҫȥʡһ͵س, һȥҪһڡ
ǳɵ, ȥЩӣǡɷŴꡣ
ͣһºü, ؼҴˮϥ, ܱũ˲, ʱûׯ, ǲʲôʵԵ˺
Ϊⳡ, 󲿷ֵ˼Ҷڼ̸˵أǳȴЩѰҪ֪ܳ, ̫, пܳʲôȫ¹ʡ
µʱСˣǿ
⼸һڼҵʱ, ˺ü⣬صȥһӣԺú޴·ϳ, ЩʱͻȻһ˵˼
ָоҲ飿
ڳ˵ⲢһʲôϢϵͳѾ5, յϵͳĳŵϵͳﵽ10ԺӵһŤתʱյĻᣬö˵϶ѡصִ
Ǹʱȥٷֱ𣬹Ƹʹࡣ
Щ겻ʱԺſڣ룬ڼ𣿡
Դ
Ѹٽռ߳
ԺſڼˣֱӾ˽յһɫɡһо޵İȹӾϸĴġ
룬֪ӴϢҺʻĳھһɽʱɽ廬£
Ϣе˵ģ̲סʵϢ
Ϣ峤ˡΪģû˵ɣ죬
ѽͣⲻӦø㽲ģ
Ȼô˵۵׵ĵѾչ¶š
ԴӺޱѡԺ²֪жŮĽ˵۹˸ˡ
ôǸ޺ˣûǸ
µģ޴ӦҵģҪҴسǵ⣬Ҫȥһ´峤һ̣˵ʲôоֻоԼָڿƲסķ
ԭС˵޸ûʲô˾ϴѧԺīҲ٣ûʲôΣա
ѲΪĵıˣ
ʱϻС꣬Ҳ˲ôɡżæľ˳ȥ
һԺӣЦԺſվǱܵıӰЦ
峤ǲǳˣܵһ˫۾ȴᶨؿźһ񶨴𰸡
ԷĬã𽥾Уһ˫ϳµģھȫھˣûʱ򡭡
˵꣬ص̾Ϣһò˵ݾһõ꣬飬Ҳֻ˵̫һ㡣
ЩججĻ˼ңҹǷ꽻ӣͻȻһ¶˾ģһҪȥҺޣʲôĽ֣ҪˣҪʬ

ũ鴫øĿ죬һĹ򣬴Ҷ֪޳ʾ飬ĳŵʱͬ۹⡣
תȥسǣҪ4Сʱţתаͣаתͣڵسǡ
޳µĵصسǳǲԶĵط뵱ȻϤطֻҵ㡣
ĸһ˸ˣһĺ⣬ֻһŮˣûĽһַ͵˳µĵص㡣
µĵطسǲԶ·ɽɽ廬½ȥ·סˣֳűⵣͷֳ
µʱѾˣѹס˳ûĿܡ
뿴ǰĳһƨԱߵʯͷϣͻ
޸ȥ˾һжᷢڣ˵ʲô̫ˡ
˵һжˣôҪˣҪʬһҪȵݵĳڳŻغؼҴ塣
ǺӰɣʱһ30˹Ŵ磬ӦҲ˾
͵͵Ĩһᣬ˵ͷ
ǰϷôǶ˵ߣǲ˵ڵȡϸϳΣգϴɽ顭ϧҡҡͷ
һ͸ֹסˡ
һˣܹŮ˼һͬе꺮ůܵǣӦǾ仰˲
Ҳ֪ʯͷ˶ã̫Ҫɽˣһͳ·ϿһͷԺ󣬾ҲûһҲо
롭
㱼䣬˽֣Ҿ⴦ɽϡ
Щŵػͷ¿ֻһƬ۸ӵĹľԣûпκ
͵ʧعͷʱȴһǳɫӰ
ݣ
ֻǵһۣϳˡ
ݣ𣿡뼤վ󺰡
ĨӰЩѵǳᶨĻش𣬡ң
ھҲϽЯȥİæݺܿص·ϡ
ֻѪۣҲദˣ촽ף˿ȥر
롭һˡܿã˹ȥô˵棬Ľӵ˻С
ϣŻؼңµʵ̫ˣҹ·͸ӣʱûа취ȫ·˴ʱɽ嵱з
ڲ|ѵʱ򣬾ҪҰоһżȻĻᣬҲɽ廬£ľ˵Ӧɽˡ
ʱ򣬾ðԥ˼룬п˴汻˽ȥ˿ټⲿѹȣûĿܡ
ǧһ֮ʣݺݵزһţȻɹӹɽ廬£ȴΪٶ̫ת䣬ֱӵ·µɽ
ڴ˴ľïʢӵȥʱΪûˤȥԶΪʱ̲ȫܵ˲
ʩԱھĵطɽչɽȣߵûа취ĵ·֪ɽ
мǿҰ˾ţ֮ӳȻ·
ֱˣͣѪΪʧѪЩ֪жٸֲȥʱֻ̣ЦӺͿ޵ӣûͣɡ
ء޵ϡﻩģǸϽȥˣ⳵۲ˣ
һ飬֪᲻ᱼЩʧȥ˾ʧȥ˰ɣֻҪߵ˻ֵԼߣֺγһҸ




֪Ǹް, ﻹڳ
ǻǻ, ճͰ, ĸ㻹Ŷ
ɲ˵챨ˣ˵֪òã

ڼϢĵڶ, ķԷʹ
ЩϢڴһͬ˾, ׻˵, ², ´ǧ, е෹̸ʣũ洫ٶʵҲǳ졣
޵ȷʵ, ˵Ѿ, Ƕһѵ˵˶ʲôϢ, ܸûһ
룬쵼˵ҵȺ, ԽŻȥܳʱֲ²͵ִ쵼ʶҲ, ǿٴλȥԲҹ·
رɽ廬ʱܹѸٵӦȻӻɽ£û£ѾõĽ
ʲôط£³
ͺúˣ飬ǲȥˣ£ȥ䡣
ܶЧӦһıĳһڣܻӰĽһνѾĪˡ
߬һЩȵ˴·һСҰһֻĸɱˣ˵úòһȥｫһļ˵ǰ
һĸýȥȥĭȥץ˵Σټϼܲȥ壬һļɫƣټϵϵȵļƷ
Ҳ˵С˰ˣõųԼ޹ӹˣҪһ˳һֻĸǼֱЩ
뱻ܳıˣģǲлһֻģʣµİֻҵģ
УһԼȥһҲ˹һԣ޸˵ֿ죬кȥѼ˹
ǵСʱ򣬼ʱɱһֻ̺ĸӱ߶û񻹼ǵãĸϴʱĹһˮ̰̰ɣǳϧĺȥ
Լɼҵ˴Ȩĸ˵ˣǳΪΨһŮԱȻʱί
ҲǴͳϵŮԣֻɷͺӣõҪһͼֵ
ܿ콫һ뼦˽ڴߵİŹϣһһڵľÿ
ں޵뼦˿ռһҩƷŹһպ޵Ľžָܻ
룬һôԶңǲǡǲ᲻뿪
޺һ뼦ϳһȺҲ̵̹ģԼĵ׵ɻҲ̲ס
û˼̧ͷķǵĻشҵȻᣬɲԸϹѸͷ
ӣĪĿɰֿЦˣ٩Ҫˣ˹ѸȥһС~ҲֻǺϵ
һ仰˵ԼЩɬζ
Ҳϵ⼸̵ִЩɬ̣ǺϵҲͦõģһҲˣҲ̫ѹ
˵עϵˣֱֻǳġ
ʵؾǷϵͳռ10ĿǰĴڶȣҲƾʧֻеȵ֮󷽿뿪
ϵͳԺ֣︡ʮܵ
ͻȻðһɾϲҲ˵Ҫϻϼʮ֮꣬ŻصԼǸ硣
漴ҲЩ˸Ϲϼʮ꣬ٻصԭ磬ĸѾˣٻȥʲôء
ʵҲصģԭʱ˵ʱֻһ˲䣬ȥԺԭǸ绹δйκθı䡣
һЩûʲôͻˣ˵ģһ͸ȵ֮ٻصԼ磬Ҳ˸УҲļ䡣
˵ʲô˶𣬲ͱһС˭뿪绹˵أ֣סͣ
˵ˣҪʲôʱҺˣ㻹Ҫȥ׷Ҹʲôģ಻ 
źļӣĦ촽ϣһ΢С
ͻȻӿһֳ嶯ݣ㣬Ǻһʱ䣬𣿡
Щ飬վҪͱһ㴰ֽ
촽ҵȻǿֵģأ
ڵȴ⼸ֻԼĶһ̲סѵһĭ
Ҳ֣ܿûп΢Щɬĵͷ
һӣ¶йоأûððǷ¶еһΣìܾãڶ˶촽
룬Ҫһɣҡϲ㡣
ڴ˿̣ģ·иڵҲó֪ôشⶼһ֣ص顣
ں޴ԲǰһӣͷðԺɵöҺһ㣡
һʱûзӦԺȫԺĴӴҲ˲ýϵˣ˫ץסļ
ĴӦˣ
뱻漤Ӹжǳ֣صһε˵ͷǵģҴӦһˣ
һ飬ұǰ˵ȴӦңȻҸո˵һĻͲҲԼ뷨
ȻȷʵǾӣô˵Ϲźϵ4֣ͱһֽΪ£ЩͲòȥԡ
ŮǷĹϵһû׼ã㲻ǿҡ
˵ľޱﻹЩ㷲˵ҪԺ󣬶ʱؿڣ
Ȼʮ꣬ԲɫжǷ㲻ͷҾԲԽ׳ذ벽
лŮ飬ͽԸ˵Ҫ˵һƬ̻䣬ָʲô
Ȼ֪϶Ӧı֤͸Ķˡ
ԸԼޣдʩ˺ӣԺҪѧ߳ѵöࡣ
ֻǽˣʱûкҪ෽ѹ㺦𣿡ʵҲǳ뵣ĵһ棬Ȼ˵˵Ŀ£Ⲣ޲⡣
Լģܱʲô˭Ҿ԰ȥݴûѧʶĳŮ֪࣬޸һˡ
ȻôˣȢŮӣбҪȫ


ͨ硭

Ԫ, ѧУʽѧ, Ҳûȥ㵱˾, Ǹ￪
˵ռõ磬ȻܿȫΧƽ߸Ѿ˺ؼҴڡ
ڽĵ1ؿ, ȴ⡣
Ӻؼׯڽ1˼, ţ, ˵ʲôҲõ߸ǰ
ţҲ֪˵, ˵ǵ߸ϵĵ׵, ԺŸԼǡ
ţ磬߸ӼԲӰ쵽˵ȫȥ˼빤
ţزס, »֪Ŷ, Ϊ˶˼߸Ӷת˵Ļ
ᡣ
Ϊţ赲ۿŵ·̵˴, ȴû塣
ϳʱһֱüչѧУҲ۵Ĳ, ǿźϵӣҲʮۣ
˵߸ˣ˳𣿡
޵ҲͦģԴӲȥԺ, ֪ǣߴţȻı˵߸ӵĻ
Ǹţִ̫ˣõ߸˴ǰ˵ǵĵϵĵˣݱϾڲģȻȥʱǳбҵָ˸Ļѧ˲֪ʶڵߵԭʵǽġ
ţûĻôܾڱ⣬
ʵ˵ţиӣڸ˹ְϡҲѧУԿչһйڵ֪ʶռΣȥһĸһѧָеã룬ǿֻôӡ
޵ûⷽ룬æ˴Ĵָ룬
תһ룬ЩǵʵǸ˹ְϵѧÿҪ϶úȥ
ǰǶĽѣ˵һ£˽½Ӵ٣Ҫȥ˹ְæҲ֪Է᲻Ϊ
ҲúֱȥУ˵ֿѧռΣµ۽Ҳô͡
ڶ죬ͰϿεģϵºܿʹӦˣһѧ֪ʶռΣͰĵ4ڡ
ѧһ𣬳رעһӸ߸ߵСӣΪ̫࣬۾гһ졣
뻭ˮƽ»ӶܿںڰϻһõĳС֡
ָŵһļСʵ֪ʲô𣿡
̨ѧһƬãȻ֪
ڿӣһء
ʲôأСǵ1˵ʡ
Ӱ˼ˣ治Ĺ£˰ݵɺ֣뵱ȻСȤ˵
~𣿡СǶЩ־ִ˵ȤÿһܶΪǿһڹ¿ΣǰԼͯԼ񻰶
¾Ʋסĳˣпݳ͸Ȥ
Ժ󳤴ˣȥ˳Ϳÿȥˣ˵˼ĵطȻֹ
Ϊʲôûеأ
Ҳ֪ĸʳг»
Ҫ뿴ӰȾ͵е磬Ǵڵĵ߸˾Ǹ͵ġûȥ̫⣬СӾΣ
ʵõ绹кܶôԺܴǵѽĵ߸ͣÿÿ˵磬лʦǽȥߡ
ʵԴӳ뿪ʼԺܻĸ˵ҪǶиڴ⵱Ҳ֪жܹߵȥ־ǴСģСҲûʲôá
ڳҪָڰϵ2ʱСڵĴϾʦһԸ𣿡
ȻͲʡ
е磬˴ӵ᲻ᱻ絽ȴóʮֺ档
ܱߵͬѧҲһŴ۾õ𰸡
Ĵ𰸣׼ˣһüһЩеĵͨߵģվڵ߸£߻кüԶôܻᱻ絽أ
ʵ˻ᴥ磬ΪֱӽӴ˵㲻ֱȥץߣͲᱻ絽
ܿ죬ͬѧۿ
İСʱֽõйص֪ʶ˳ŽһЩͬѧýζ
һڿνʱ򣬳һ򵥵ܽᣬϣͬѧŬѧϰȡ֪ʶһܹĽӴѧܿƼı
һڿεʱ򣬸˹һֱվڽź棬̨ϵĳɢǻ۵ĹâϿεʱ٩٩̸ܶණûģ뵽ǰʱķģ۵¶޵̰
ϧѾ˺޵Ůˡ

һÿԺЧϵĺá
Ҳ֪ȥţ˵ʲô2߸˵һţȻųͷæˡ
ͨ˵1أ߸ӵ˳˳ˮˡ
10ͺһ10Ǯ˺ؼҴĵ1װĵ1죬޼Χˡ
ٰһʽڿذµһ˲䣬޼ƻͨ
ʵڳ뿴ЩƵİ׳ƣǶںؼҴ˵ȴͨոһ
ҲվȺμһͨʻ
Ⱥӵ£ںԵĳ룬Ҫܾжܡ
ǣõԷǵܸһõδдҵʱҲĺڻƵú͵·ܱʼ飬ĸ첹ʱҲĿ롭
˵ĶݣҲЩݣҲ֪˭ͷһ
꿴۾죬˫ֽ߬һȭͷ
ݼҲǵһͨ磬Ϊ˰ͨЧչָؼҴĴ׼ıȽϴæӳҲһߴеĵݺͿأúù̶ֻĴ˼Ҿߺǽϡ
꿴˶ų룬ûעطҡ
޽ѾаˣȻûģرǿԽԽܸʱܾó䲻
һεͨʽǲģҲסĻʽȰ˵ڻˡ
Ȼջ
ķ֣Ǽ᷿ס˵ģ᷿һŮסģû˿˵ϢҿλãڵĶǼ볣·
һ䣬෴
Ҳ˵ǲûͬ˯
꣡Ҹ˵仰û˵꣬һУڵϲͣĳ鴤š
Żˣǳں£ǰֱܳң˴˰ˣ
Ҷų뽲һɤŴϣ׷׿˹ȥ




Ͻ߽, ֻſڵ, ֽץŵߡ
ӦǴˣ
Ͻתܵſ, ĵբˣȻȥ鿴ơ
ʱѾûʶЩ, 沿԰, ˹ȥ
ҪϽķθգ
Ҳиһ, Ҫڼ, Ǿ̫ˡ
Ͻƽ, ׼ȥѹؿڣȴһס
ʲô궼Ѿιȥ, 㻹Ҫȥѹ, ǲŪ
ƽʱ˵˳ĻʶܾöԷôġ
ʱѾһЩûˣڷſڿ, ôһǼŮ֪࿪ʼ
Ϲͼʲô֣˭֪ƽϵã
ͨʲô, ⻹ûʼͳˣһЩӣ
㿴ոǸƣҪºݾȥѹؿڵģ϶ģ

ܸɴ࣬ѹȥĶֱ˻а, ȻǲңǾͰ̧ȥɣ
ԭίҪ˵ҸսʱץŵߣѾӵģȴ˳ûв´ոƻҼҵĵߣû뵽ȴ|ˣͬʱҲûǿգ
棬еģֱȥе߶ѵһҪ˵բȥ
ۺڣϵĵѾ뿪룬Ļûʲôֵûɵġ
ǵȻҪȥϢŲٺģװʲô磬ʾǮǰɣСԼҲ|磡˺ȺＷ˳һš
뿴ǵıӰҡҡͷò˵ʱ֪ĺܿ£ôҲǳˣȻȥͽֳߣץסĲλȦҲⷢ|ûмʱõȣǵ̼Բ˵˶пܱˡ
ҲʥˣոҲֻǴķθգȻҶ̧ˣҲ͸ûʲôϵˡ
һΧ۵¶ʱ࣬Ҳ½½뿪˺޼

˺꣬ܿ͵
ʹˣȻͨȤǴϵģҲûиһȥ֣ڼȵСϢ
걻ܹʱ˻ǻԵģǰھ|Ӫ|ҽʱҲƹĲˣԷǳؿʼơ
̫ˣ˵ǣ̫٣ԺϧˡһԺ󣬽ϻϧҡͷ
˺Щţ硭ȼʱأ
ȼʱĻûôڴҲͨˣԺ˴磬ϽøľӽĻ̶ܹϵļС˺˰֣
ǰŪȥɣ
һͬǰģ˺ѧûа취ѧֻð걳ڱϣ˳
Ҫǻȥһʳ룬ȥȣҲκõģָа취
˺ȻǲģЩ꣬Թûмʱˣ
Ͽȥ޼ģ|ˣȻܳҪ㶯ֵÿһ㣬Ҳ
ҵʱҲ̫ˣûǰʵҲΣʱ·ͻȻҲûзӦ
ѧˣڲ۵ʱҪҪȥһ³룿
ǻְֹͰ͵ȥˣûӣ˺ۻȥ
ȻҲ˼
û취˰ڻѧУᡣ

ڶ죬ӻѹֻͷؽᣬżҵر۾ܿĶһƬģģġ
ϣó⣬ԱŽ·ƻץŵƤģǵճüιֳ̣ζûгýŲסߵһˣͻȻѣһûסֱɨȣȻ˾ʧȥƽ⣬ˤڵϡ
ٴѹڡ
²Լ˯̫ˣ۾Щģ𴲣û뵽Լȴܶˣһֱӷ˴¡
һУ˽꣬ôˣ
ỹ磬ҶûгȥϹУ˺ҲϽ˽֪İ£̧˴ϡ
ҵȣڸոˤһ˲䣬̵ظܵԼȷ·Ŀơ
Ҳ˵ˣ
ҲƲסԼͷһɨ֪ʲôڵأŴ
ԱߵļŮ֪Ҳ֪룬ۿϹʱҲˣֻ뿪ҡ
Ȼ˵ϳ˴|£ǺȻԭƻ߸һ·Լſڡ
޵ȻǸ͵߸Ӻ͵ߵˡ
ȥĵݣؾںҲԶ
ڿ޵һ̣ǵΣҲϲøûˣЩ̲סźûͬûͬлᣡ
룬ĵӻûôģֻóźȲĹԴɬ˹ȥ
ͬ־ʲôʱСװ߸ѽ
Сװװ߸ˣȻ˵㣬ȻҲ֪֮ԻôʣΪ˴ո
ҪȥУˣݲ飬۶ûиһ
һͬɻģдＸСӣеҲסͬ־ô˵ĶҲᣡ
Ȼͳûи飬ֺοһ
ѵһΪ׽|顱Ǽ
ʵǼȻôãϸȻʮֿɣ֮ǰ˹ֵģӶ֪Ϊ˯һ𣬲ͻȻѹϵȷ
ǣǰȫûнˣΪʲô˯һŴȥأϴǸһУֻ᲻᲻һ


ȫ

⼸, ƢԽԽ, òǰûТ, οǱûݹϵ֪ࡣ
ʱ䣬Ҷᷳʼ취˦, ҸѧУĽʦ, ˰˹ȥ
Ϊ˷, ʵ˦, һ, Ͷûбϣʱһͳһٻ߳١
˹ȻסԱߣڵ, ˹ֿ϶ǿϵ, ΪĵռĿռ䣬ﻹЩ졣
̱ڴϢ, ջǱ֪ˣԴϴε¼Ժ˵Ϊ, ˴ǿת
ӣӵĺѾͣСӵĻ»û䣬Ҹĸ϶żΪǼ̫, ûк˼ҵĹԸ޹ȥ
˼ȥҲֻҪһڽӴǰϡ
겻ɵӣֻΪ˵ԵʣǶںʣûʲôõĵġ
һ죬´꣬˴С
ʦʱ˹¿飬⣬ˣ
Ŀǰ˵˹ǺȥģΪж㣬ʺڴһģŶҿ
šЩ˼վǵͷ
ڸûأȥɣ˹ҲΣΪ˱Էûж࿴һ۾ͽ
ò˵˿㲣ȥʱһãȻбǽϣġ
10Ļָ۾ȻЩģǿܹǶ仹ûлָʱЩ˵ģ̫С
񣿣Щʡ
Щӣůտʼʱ˺ǻѳԵ͵ͷԴڴʺԺǾͰѷſڣȻѾܹ´ˣǳһٷҪţ֮
ôˣЩûл
ҡ걻ôһʣ̲סʼ
翪ʼһֱȺСû뵽ȴӣ󲻺ڣǻЩڵģϣȥߣЩ¶ûС
ҸһͬĳˣǾǳ룬⸱ӣҲΪ£ԸĻͼ޸ңӣԴöҲ㡣ζ̫ǿŶģеĿ˵˳
ǷǰҪһ٣ʱգѾ˰ˣ˵ˣǻָãҲ·᳤ܻڳֶҲǰǰЩ˺һţ¹ȥˣҲûС
Ȳ˵ĸ᲻ˣԸӻسȥҲǼԺˣʱûȵĸҲһδ֪
ĵ˼ãվ˵ͷãҴӦ㣡

ڵ֪ѾȥϢʱЩ𾪵ġ
Ͼ֪˸߰ôԸ¼޸һũ񣬲ûС
ҲΪ飬ͻȻ뵽ǸƣҲΪһƶͺȷϵġ
ǵϣĵشǼȥ׽|飬ȷʵڿɵĵط
ϣѺݹֻѳ͸˹ֳ׻ޡ

뵽Щ־ϲ
Щô޶ڳܸκֲҲѹ˲ͬߡ
Խ뵽ЩԽѰվûסȥ˸˹֡
˹ͬ־Գ뻹뷨𣿡ʵֱӡ
Ͼںܳһʱó˹ֶԳкøеģֻǰڳͺ޵Ĺϵû취һ
˹ѧУֲˣôʣѳͷڵϣ˫ֳųͷѣعͷ붼Ѿͺ޽ˣ˵Щʲôã
ʵҪһ¶ˮҲǲУǿǸ˾ǿĽǲͬ⡣
֪ͺ޲ûͬһЩƲסԼĵļ
ܿ죬ԼԼԺ¼Ĳ룬һԵȫ˵ˡ
˹ԺҲ˳˼
ʵЩḴӵģؼҴЩŮ֪棬Ͷͳտۣرǳ룬䲻ԺץӸΣҹ߹ҲȷʵЩƽ
ôѾǺ޵ӣһֻǶ֣ڴҿǾǶֻɫЩܲˡ
ǲ֪ɣ˵ĸûмͼ¸ˣʱ϶Ҫȥ׵ĸڣһ룬ɷ򣬶ԷҲҪ취ŪسȥϾĸǸλǰװ˷ˣʱȥ飬˵ܰǸλ㡭ʼȰ˵
˵µĸ׼¸ڣܲܶڵ׫ģֹؼʱ̣Ѿܲôֻ࣬ҪһϣҪŬŬ
𣿡˹ѾЩԥô
ĿͬˣսԼ뷨˵˳
ܰŪŪһŴȥȫǵĻ£ѳŪ˹ֵĴϣúޡץ顱Ļ֮ʣٺȰ߽Էġ
Ӹ˸˹ֹ֣һĻô϶ֻܽס˹ֵĴȡ
ǣȫ


ҰӪ

Դ뷨Ժ, ˹ֽһȥسǵĻ, Ƭߵҩ, ŽԼһֱڵȴһᡣ
ᣬԺ, ȵ
ϰпԽԺ, С֯һɽճĻ, ķǳ롣
ںؼҴıһɽ, Ǹһߵĵط, ճ˴Ҳѵĵص㡣
ΪܹĿ̫һ̣صȫ, Ҫǰһ쵽ɽ¶Ӫկ
ҲǸ˹ֿ׼, ʱ¶ӪĵϣҪѳŪ, |ҩɣŮ˫⣬Ͳ, Ȳ롣
֪ͺ޲ûзʵԹϵ˻ִ˯Ժÿ춼ǼѰġ
һﻹųԲŲὫίиһ棬ΪԼܺͳһ, صӶڴ
ũȥμһɽ˴һ⣬Ҳûʲô׼Ҳûʲôֵ֧ģϾɽºӣЩҲû
ΪһεɽҲ׼׼һС޶⳴ֽˮһź֯Сϯӡ
ִѧʱڣڴľǴκΣÿʦдϺܳΪðϵĺдĵʱ򲢲޻˵ﻮһεĻ
ɽͦߵģȥҪһСʱ·ϹľҪעⰲȫһ߸һһϸһĶ̡
ǴЦůůģģֲСˣ֪ġ
ȷϵԺÿˢ޲ٵĺøжȣֵҲúܿ죬ϵͳȼѾ7
УϣҸ㰾ϡٳһ̳黨ף緹ް˳˳ߵͷѾ緹ˡ
ԴȻԴǼҺʹ峤ϵԺܱߵھӱϲ⣬ȴĽýûã˵һװƵĴ˵һ˾еڶˣܿ죬ؼҴ嶼ͨ˵硣
ؼҴܱʮȫͨģΪˣõıҲɹΪμҴСӳ
ȻСӳһߵְλũũʱܹ׬ɵĻɡ
һУ벻İæ뵽Щӵ˰Ľֶһ˿塣
ҾǳȥɽѣֲǳԶ~ʵգڼϣš
˴λֻǰѧеģǸ˹֪ԺֱĻ壬ҲҪԼѧͬУҲ׼ˣԣֻһĻȫУԵĻ
ʱ֣˹ֺͳˣ20ѧƺƵľɽˡ
˶֣Ҳúۣѧһʮ㣬Ҳ˶м䡣
룬û𣿡˹ʵ
ǲǰеģúܽ˵Ĵ10Σÿ죬ܿӰ
γһּ尾
벻ΪʲôôʣĻһ䣬ͦõġ
һ㲻ϲסͬһ£ǲǺܿࣿ˹ѾɹԼϴԣѾ϶˳Ժûи顣
ЩĪһҲûиȫעضǰɽ·Ҳ˼Һͺ޹ͦõģӲࡣ
ȻȲִǺ޳Կܸɣ׬ĹҲ٣ټϵͳӳ֣Ȼ㲻ϸ㣬Բࡣ
ڸ˹벻濴ȫΪ飬ѾԼ뵽Լĸ飬Ҹڡ
룬ʵҶûһ㿴ԼģûпУŻǰ㣬ܾ㣬Ӷ·뵱жھжڡ
Ļ̲ס˳ǣԭµĹòҵȷʵЩǣɵţҸеܱǸ
㲻øеǸ˹ּشǡ
ǣҲΪʲô·ûеѻ˵꣬һϵļת䡣
ԭУԭַɵһˣΪǵĸ˹ȴһš
ԴԽⱾ飬̫εĥһУˣȻû۷壬Ǻôƽְ
·Ļôԭߵ·һ·
벻ྣ첽ǰߣܿ˦˸˹Զ
֮ǰڵɽΪҪСʮֿģյɽæˡ
νҲֻڿѧûʴӼ򵥷ƶɵģȽȣ뻹۲Ӧò꣬ϯڲƺϣͿϯض˯νҲֻΪôһֳҰӪʽС
˹Ϊ˱ֵĲôԣڵɽԺûǰڨæԼ
ǼʣıĤȻٷһЩҶǿģ
֪Կηһֱѧһ𣬳ʱ⳴ͬѧǵĴѣΪһεܵ£øͬѧǳԣҲûǸӣֻա
ڣҹĻ١
򵥵ضһͬѧΧһȦ˳Ϸ
Ŀ֮£˹ָһˮӶûнӣӽĻᶼûˡ
һߣ׼ʱ䣬˺ݣ
ͬ־֪͸˹Ҹȼˡ
ûݣ˾վԺſ˵
һŵı飬ֽżһͣ˹ͬ־˵ҪҰӪĻᣬһǰԵ
仰һ޵ɫı飬ﻶϲýҪǲţһȥҡ
û˵꣬ѾԺˣȾɽܡ
ƣϸߣҲ˳ȥ


ͬ

ݵǲų, ֻһγ黹, Ҳ̫, Ȼûиһͬǰȥ
ѧУΪǸȥѧ۷׷, õӰ, ȴûܻܵΣա
һŵûз, ·, һ·, ǰ˦Զ
˿̵ɽϣ벢û˯Ϊ˽ҰӪ, ׼, Ͼͬһˣֵϵͳռ乺һƿҰѳǰЯˮҲ˳
ʵر¸˹Ļʲô, һͬǰ20ѧ֮䰤øĽر꼶ѧ, еѧѾߣԷҪʲôҲô׵¡
ҲΪˣŸҷĴ󵨵ĺ͸˹һҰӪ
һĸ˹֣շת, ֿܶܣΨѧĸżСëӣƿУû뵽ȴô¡
˼ȥòܾô򵥵ķŹλᣬе񶼰Ժĳֱȥ
˯𣿡
뽫߬𣿡
ܳе˵˹ֿ˿Աߵ֣Լȥ
ֻҪ뿪ѧʱʲôӡ
ôС˼ԺҲתת˼˼û˯أȻȥҵһ㡣
ô˵˹Ŀϲʱ棬Ϊѧû˯ţȻ
˵ôܻôͲˡ
еĿԲɣĻصԼ
һʵɫߵ˸˹ֵߡ
룬𣿡˹־Լǻ˷ܡ
ҡһǣͳ䡣
һϵͳ̳ģһ룬ʹ˻ԺĹЧ
ȻܿáˡһӦǸ˹ֿϵȥ
Ц֣ĸӸǺãԼ
һСʱԺ󣬺޳ɹɽΪ˸ĽŲһ·̵ľʹˣǿǰŸ
ʱѾϡ㣬ͦˣһ۾ͿǸ
̲סЦ״ң˹ֹǵˡ
޵ȻҲǸ۵˹ȥһѽҿֻ˹һͷһ˯棬ûгӰ
һͬʱſʼϸĵĴЩڷ˳
룬˯𣿡޶|ӣЩѯʵ
һЩ˯⣬ԺЩԾƿ񣬡ôˣ
û£Щģ㣬һûͬһ𿴹ճءĵ׵ʯͷ
Ϊ˱ԼһڼĵģˣƤɽϿճ
ûдô죿밵Ĵ˴ָ
ǾͰСѣԭԼȥ棬ͬ˯һ񣬴ȥ˿϶лˡ
ЩɬذСѱ˳һ۾Ϳڸ˹
ԺͻȻɽɣҲ˴룬뵱ûзƵģһ
ԺһֱǷִ˯ģô˵⻹ǵһͬŵð
Ǹ
ģҼǵ㵱˵ݵҲһԥãڰֱ۴ļϣӲ˲֪ã˯֮󣬷
ض־ȵĺһϵڷ硣
һߣò˹񣬵ǿںڵɽ·ˡãԼ˸˹ֵ
˹֣¶˯˲ƺϡ


һҰ¶ӪΪҪʱ俴ճ£˯ñȽǳ
һ̣Ҳˣ|ľԣѾ衣
ʲôʱˣ˯ѣе
̲סѾˣճҲˣ𴲰ɣȰѧ׼
šɵĵͷ
ѵóͬѧǶȽ˷ܣһǶһµ˴
ܿ죬ɽ
ʱ˹Ҳˣæҵ·
ԺԼȻ˯⣬ڱܵľߣпһӰڣ˯ǰҹȥ
ǣȴûˣ
ö룬϶ܻԼˣ
˹ﻶϲЬӶûдȥͼææܳ
ʱڸһһ꼶СŮӣᣬ̲ס˹ȥǵıסȴֺվԶ
ôˣ
ôôƯϱȢȥˣܿ
룬˯û𣿡˹ʽĿ˺һۣ˹ȥ
еĪ˯ͦõġ
ȻûмĴǺߣ˯øⰲȡ
˯úþͦõġ˹ּ󷽣Щ⡣
Ǻ~ͶһεЦ档
˹ȫǰںڳһЦ뿪ˡ
ɽƸߣ̫֮ǰԶɽ죬ϼεһ˼ɾĸо
ܿ죬һͨԲʹԶɽѧʼϲļС
ҰӪϢȫ̸ڳԱߣ˹Ӳû˵һ仰
صѧУ˹鸴ӵʦȥȴſڣһ۵һͿˡ


׼

1976ĳ, һŮӤ, ĵ㱻ųȥ׬, ǰţ˵껳˺ӡ
ɵǣͬʱ, Ҳ, Ѻ͸˹ֳס
, Ϊﺢӵԭ, Ը˹ҲЩ, ˵ر, ټзӦ, ׬˹֣˹һֱûɫ
ͼʳ룬ǰǺݵʱ, ˹ֵνԼɷ򣬾ݲˡ
Խ, ˹־Խᷳʱܡ
رȥϿεʱ򣬸˹ͳϵĽﱥܼ尾ΪŽ, У״Ҳȥﵽ˵벻㡭
˶ԳǸ۷׷ף˵²̵ĴڣϾЩ֪У޵磬δС
ǣЩҲֻڱ˭Ҳҵų˵ɶϾӾǸ̽һ»ͱݺ˳
1977꣬ѧڽʱǰѧУӲϼ쵼͸¶һҪϢ
궬죬߿ָ
µȻҰϢ⴫ϾѧУ֪ʦǶѧˣҪѡˣôҲǸ鷳£
֪еĹڣʱҲиĩܽԺ󣬱Żس̽׵¡
һδݻԭĸĸҡ
ȥ궬Ǳ̽׼ٵģţ¶ڣûлأʱþһ㣬ϰı䵹Ҳ˵ͨ뵹ûôˡ
ҪǣλسǣҪȥһЩ߿õõĸϰϣ߿ոջָǰ꣬ѧƾжҪѧжѿ
֪壬Ҫ򱨸ģ̽׼١
ǽʦɣûɲٵڶ죬ݴСĻ˳ǡ
ͳһЩ⣬һЩＦС죬·ϳԡ
תҵԭң³λᡣ
гĹ൱һ룬ԺѧУҽԺʲôĶУ㲻Ҳճ
յԪ¥ſڣһھӴԷһ飬ָ죬֣Ǹ㡭
پҹŮ룡Աš
ѽѾͷ꣬ԽԽƯˣǸһЦ
Ůûл̽׹һɹںڣݴֲڡ룬һ磬ϰ׵÷ⲻ˵Ƥ۵ÿˮ
̫˵ˣҿöе㲻˼~Цеģ겻껹һģһ㶼û䣡
´ϣĸŮ˲ġ ʮˣܱ˿޶ʱѹ᲻ˣע⵽ԱߵĺԺּʱĿ˻ȥ
õİɣ濡

ǵʱЩˣȵ˳ɫѾڣǽȥʱĸڳˣپ
֣衭Ҳռԭݣ뺰ֵʱȻҲһĴ
ĲһϣȻѸٵĨһˮָϽͷ㻹ʲô
ܹؿԷı˺ϲ˲ȻûеҪĳ̶ȣǶҲкܴӰ죬˿ȥĲɣ
ԭУʱѾ꿼سԺˣʱŹҵ꣬ѯŮŮ˵Ϣʱܲס赹ڵأ֮һغ
裬Ҵˡͨһſڵĵϡ
һԭģڸв֪ԼҲ˼ˣˣԭĸⲡ϶취һΣټˡŮĸı䣬Ҳá
ǸʲôͺãͺãپϽĶһţæˣ
㲻ڼʱ߶㣬ˣˣСӡλǡ
޸ϽҽܣһţȻҪóõı֣ҽкޣһˣͳʱʶģڴ󡭡ҵһ񡭡
û˵Ѿ˼ŮȢֻ֣ױƵİϵĶȥ
پ´һۣǱãȻӣҲûʲôϲ˾ˣʲôϿ
࿴һˣȻˣҾٳˣŮһģͰҵˣ
ϽĶˣܹȥס࣬裬ˣǰŮ£ڶˣ˶ãҾһ
ͺ~Сͬ־ͦõģ˳ÿʱ־Ǹʲô˹ֺöˣϲһģ˿ȥףŮһҲðɫס֣˵Ļ
һĸ˳Ե÷ǳġ
ʡǵӣȥгһЩ鼮ϰ⣬׹ͼϹѽһ鱾ִԭĸȥҽԺ壬ҩƷ͵͵ļϵͳռһҩġ
һ׼ԭĸĸʳƷԼ鱾Ŵͷ˺ؼҴ塭


£꣩

һʮ·, ߿ָϢȫ, е֪, 棬ȸԾ
ʱ6µ, Ͼ˼߿, һδ֮, Щ, ˵, ͷ֢͸û취ˡ
˹ֵĦȭƣ˴ѧһȥ, Ȼĳһ, 䲻б鼮˸⡣
˵˵ϴ֣ĺӶû, ˱ײ˵˵Ѿˣ˹Ҳûȫ, ºϮ֡
޸Ѿϰӽʱ䣬֪ܶʶѾģ˵ʱ䣬ֻҪ©ȱ, Լѵ֪ʶͻơ
ȻϢǲκ˵
ڰ11£߿٣͸˹ûһԶΪسǿԣѡ˸еùס¡
21糿ţĿһеӵѧУУĴ󣬿ģСһ17һҡ󣬵һʽʼ
ûмأûִ豸ǳʮֽţҵԾԺƽˡ
ںĸ߿ԾľӻǱȽϼ򵥣벻иϸ⣬6ſԿĿ쿼꣬߳һֻ̣ġ
سǻȥȻȥСϿΣҲһ붬ǰºͺֱһ⣬ǱѺá
ԼĳɼϢ͸ðѧ鶼żʣ߿¼ȡ֪ͨһֻᷢϣ˵ƽȽأϴѧ鲻С£ǱñȽϺá
£ΪӦǸڣʱĸ߿¼ȡˣҪԭĵط飬˲˵˵ȨԣҲӦǰ׼
1978괺ʱոչ˴ڲãһϲɫ˲ŸսԺӣķͳŷ
ϲͨͨʡ󣡡
ͺϴϢĺˢˢĵͰ
𣿡
𣿡
˼ͬϲľг
Ӻӹ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬˻ϲӵ
ʡԭﲻСʱгľ룬Ժ˳ǣճҲǳ㡣
³Ľ۹⵱У޺ͳʡѧ
ڸ˹֡
ԴֱԺ󣬱ϰʮּѣͷ֣˼ѹϰЧȻǷѡ
߿ǰ죬һ޶ֵϷ룬ȥسǵǰһֵҹȥջ͵͵ϵĳ
׼Լ״̬߿
ڵ֪ͺݿʡ󣬸ѻҲЩʧ
꡿
޸Ժĺ֢ûлָ٣߲㣬϶ͷۣһֱڼ̥ҲֻһĿģڴӣܹʱվȽŸ
δ
ڴѧҵ꣬׬㹻ֵռϵͳﵽʮһŤתʱյĻᡣ
ͬ꣬ͺĳɼУν̣ʡĽʦ˰Ľᾧ
磬ʮ꣬԰Ů˫ȫ
ԭʱŤת»صԭ磬֣ΪֻһΣû뵽һ죬ڳеһתǣһ˱ͦˡ
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