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ԭ鵨Сųֻи£ԷΪ죬ʮ˳ӲĨŨױҲ£±˵ׯأ䲻Ҷ̵ݡ
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λСԭȾΪĪеԭһʱ벻̽ԾɷСңڵعӡ

һЦ䡣
Ȼɷô벻ҪϧݺݵŰɣ

һ仰飺ŰһʱˬһֱŰһֱˬ

ݱǩ Խʱ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ    


1 
ֻһ򣬵ס̧ͷ֮ǰľѾ˷츲صı仯
ԭ׻谵ҹʧ٣ȡ֮һƬ˴ĿĵĴɫߴһϸһšࡢĵȣ쳣֡
åŷؽţǳ֮ߣβǳֻ֮һ˲;ԼԴۡ
ʶ̧֣Ҫһ̫ѨȻԼ־ȻһƣӴһֻƳγε˫ƽӣعء
ݴ˴漴סִӣ˵࣬ԹƵʮˡ
־ϲ
ϲһʺƴϣǣұ֤ԼûĶ
Լףĵʮϸָۣ׸ȾŴɫĵܣϵĴ໥ӳͬʳѪƵģһĲʡ
֪ô£ͷ϶ŵĺͷ߽һСĿռһ̧ҪƿⰭ۵·Ķÿ
룬Ӳ߷ɿһֻ֣ɵذס˺ͷЩѵζصطࡣ
ӣɲԼƸͷģһ̣ٹ־Ҫˡ
תתԴѭȥһСŻɫֵӱƿһС룬Ǵ﷢ģֻҲǴǸطġ
Ȼ죬ҡҡλΣƿǵ϶ܿڴӵеߣԼַεĸ·ˡ
ǿԼҶˡ
˹۲һΪӲٲˣط½
ݵǿ򶨼ֲӣƹڽ۲˺һӣһֹ֪
֪µǣǵҪ̧ȥģ
ȥ
ͣȥ
޾Ŀֻţͼƴʱ򣬷·ǱͻȻƿһѷҵѶϢǧƣͷкӿ̬ѴڵĻƺӻҪҡ
֪˶ãĶһMMPԭһ鰡
ùߵģǸڻҵԭ䡣
ҶүҶ迼֮Ѷ׵ռҹףʼҲµӣֻϧûþڡ
Ӳ֮ҶȤϴڼÿֻһѳȥԺ֣ѰΪӵԺʣʲš
ԭСŸ³ģټ鵨СųһԷΪ죬ʮ˳ӲĨŨױҲ£в̤˵ׯأ䲻Ҷ̵ݡ
ɷ˻ķȹҲСȰϣܳտһ飬ȡڹϸһȴǶԷһۣӲͷѵ⣺Һô꣬òȡóɾͣһôˣִ֪˵࣡
ԭǸ¹Ҷүȴһ׻ΪҶүʱԶţ·ٵģǮƱϴһգϴŵ޿㶼ǵþ⣬˻ԣȻض·ߵĹľ졣
ʱֵҪԭүүҶүͶ̥תȥˡ
꣬Ҷүֻһȫִ߽άƣ֮Ҳŵԣ綨¡
ҶүżȻײ˴ˣڸţҶҵҲӣı˸С٣ߵŻ˾롣
ȶҶ轥ò˰ҶүͶ׮¸еˣĶһ˲ţʲôټС䲻ãαһã
Ҷ̫̫ȴǸˣ޳飬ȰŹ٣ôҪһ׼ңŶŵĲ´ЬģҪǰܻˣٻȵȱ飬ֻҹ˯Ҳ˯ȵġ
ˣֲʶһ¹˳޽ҶңҶĵޡ
Ҷ̫̫ҵһԶֶŮ̽ɢģֺù˺һףԭôׯ̰壬ټʶһЩ֣׾ٵعסҶģȻ˵ͬ£ӭ˹檡
ǵģԭҲͬˣ꣬ûܸҶһаŮɷҪ檣ô˵أ
ԴӼôһ檣Ͳɷԭ伸һˣںԺĵλֱͬ衣
Ҳֻ밲ԼӣôţС檻ۣʱʱ̶̿ȡ֮
С檻ٳС⣬ܵٳҶԭ涼û
С檵־ſÿնҪԭǰҫһٰڿ࣬ոһգٺõҲмܲסԭ䱻Դһ
ڼ䣬ɷһҲû
ڴ˴£´ˣһգԭԺߵǡлɽһʱĶԸ򿪺ţڻһͨ黨
ȴСƼˣҶؼҺæҩ˵ԭǻ˽飬û͸ȥᣬǶ黨ǻ͸ġ
ԭԴӼ޽ҶңϵԱһֱսսˣҪɷͣ˭֪Էȴܶ
ΪĪеԭһʱ벻̽Ծˡ


2 

ݽԭ֮󣬳̾˿
֣Ϊ˵벻Ծʵǲȡ
Ȱ䲻ңŭ䲻ô󰡣Ϊʲô׾ͷԼ
˲ֻܵ|̣Ҫǽ̲Ǿ͸ɴֻҪԼȱٴ˭أ
ܲס˵죬ǾֻܷſԼأ̽Ծ㵹ˣȴֻøʹ߿Ľ֡
޷ǣԭȻԾΪʲôǰǶԹŮɱˣȪ·ϻܶأ
ڽʱһֱܹɰڼϲƿ͵һۣǳûٺ
ϲǸåһ̬ǿѹģ߿ֱļⶼڷ
˲֪ãӭ׶ҶſڡʱҶװʮϲ죬ǰŴć֣һֳֿĴ̺һ̵ֱ
ӭ׶ˣܼҸϽԸ˷ϲڣʱһͨ죬ýݶ
ҶŸͷڶǰ档һϲͷϲڣһ˫ߵ״ЬһĵĿˡ
һԼǲβĺϲУӭ׶˴ţһֱ̧Ժſڲͣ
䵽ʵٸоƮƮģݲûоṳ́ʵе㷢ţЩͷηġ
˸ݻ͵ʱ䣬Ҷװģ˽֮ϲϽƿϴЦӸˡȻݲ
ҡݸҪڣͻȻһµϲʱӺߺߣѹû
εϲλһѺһӲȻһһҵطߵĲ
ԺϣҶүҶͥҶ̫̫Ѿˣרŵ˿ͷ
ϰʵ޵ӣҶ⣬ȹöֱֱ
ֵ¹ˡ
һϧˣʱεأܹҵػܺùçײȥѰǣΪһû¹˵ǰľЩܵġ
һʱԭأ˶̽ƵĿλϲһ̽ϵЦݼӴﲻðϲĻһ˲ɫư벽Ȼݵϥһ
ЩͷζģͻȻôһ£˾ͨһȥˡ
һأֵ˴
λʵͬ˵ϲֻճǵСƵģ޷֮ѹź󲱾ãȻ붴
һȺרֶǣҲŷӵ۷Ƶ˳ָͣߴϲϲͬһеء
һ·κ˷Ž·ٱϲϣǰΧһȦˣȿֺð黰
Цߥ޵ģýϲˣǿӵ׳ɶ
ϲʱݹһϲƣЦģɡ
ҶЦӹϲģȻоһ˿˿š
ǰһ棬ҲΨһһΡȥ㣬ǡײĴĸҲ˴ֻ˸񣬰ĻûС
˵̸ˣҲֻһۣΪһֱͷ
ȻֻǶ̶̵һƳȴԾ裬Ҷû뵽׸Լµ¹ȻôÿŮͷɫġ
ټݵʱֵúܶ£΢΢ͷǸѱģҶ費׮
ʱ꣬ȢСޣοָոտţ־ʱˣһ죬ûЦˡ
Ҷ˽ϲƣһĭʢױСӲ֪Ǻεȷأ
һԵĸ˴ȤûϲǵľͿˣ
ôһЦҶϽ֣ϲ¶Ž޵
˷ĵһƬĬһһ־磬ǻһ˲ʧġ
ҶܵΪǿҡ
ݣͷһ쳣ζһϮ³ĵѩǣƬ촽ʲժĻֱ꣬һ
Ҷ鲻Խһ¿ˮôһ˶ˣ
ѹ˶ϣΪΪôһ룬ѪڣҲ̲סص
Щ˵УϲȵסģϾǿһ·ӹأ
ϲЦصݹƣⱭƣӴ˷һ壬ͺ
ҶŻعǺЦֽӹֻƱһԼһƵĵݵǰ
˼ػ͵Ц
Ȼڴϣͷζĵ֢״ڣҲǶ˺üƵģ֪ǲǷ˵Ѫǡ
ԭһֱҧǿŵģǼľζһѬҲ̲סˣۡһ˳
ӳ׵нʳϰߵģ˵Զˣˮٺȣϲߵ·ȴҪޣΡ
³ȫθˮҶ˲꣬ǰһ飬ɫʱһƬ̡
ⷬʵ⧲ҶסˣֶЩҲĿɿڴ
ֶĸҲǾµģ׵ϲƺ˲֪ٻˣͷһؼӰĸһģǡ
λϲٴηӳʯãǱ˴˶һۣЦŴԲ
νأ˵£ɴСҲŸ³ģŲŲŶٳùҡҡλεĽأɲЩûҽ̵ģ˵ˣ˵أһأǧϡ
ϲôһͣʧʱ˺£Ҳһ㡣
ƣôʵȢ޾͸Ȣġ
Ҷɫ̻ˣݣοҪһԤŵϲأϾˡ
ذοݣִߴҶϿȥһóŰѽƺꡣ
Ҷ֮ճȫ·ˣҪҳҲףȥ˲䣬ɿػã̤ˡ
ѾѾͷź£òˮ˿ڡ
ΪӲһֱͷĵû壬˼һֱ£̧ͷ˶ԷһۣȻסˡ
λҶүûͦģģһ˫һۣͦǸ˹˹ĵĶˡ
ÿĶǶˣݵǻжȻһǿҵ
򴽣µͷȥĽëס۵׵һƬ⡣


3 
Ҷ忡һ˹ģ˭뵽Ƥ£пһƬأ
գգۣƬëСƵģӵҶֱ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ſЩЩӦȥٳȥýĶҹ
Ʊֱ͵һ֮ǰݳҶЦЦ֬ʹЦݿЩɬ
ҶݽɫֻþƱմմ˼˼û
ϲ߾ƱҶŻع񣬿һΧ۵˳ȥϯ
ɢˣ϶ɫԭҶҵòټһԣ㹻ۺܾˡ
ȸóȥ˶ȥԺҶתؿݣһóȥкˣȳԵ㶫úϢһ¡
˵꣬ͻȻ֣ݵֱһѣ͵͵һ
ûϵֱ޶һƵģ˶񺮣ôסˣ˵ͷӦ˸š֡
Ҷʮ˹ɣϵϲۣش󲽳ȥˡ
ϲűϣݳһ̧ɨһڣѾͷһʶҶģһƤЩƣıȽϽʵģȴϵãСҡ
С꣬һ֣ļⳡûһŴһ·ַһ·ӣϪʱ򣬵˷纮Ҳ߲ˣֻܾȴ١
ʱµ˼жǮȥһ޹ϵСѾͷأ
С֮ʣݵĸ֮ģСҼؼңɽժ˲ҩһ룬ȥ
ҲǺҷĵģʱѵ˼࣬һȹֲʲôĴ˼ҡ
Ǵ˽ĵġȥ򲡶ţһһŮնѾ꣬ÿոŸȥɻŮݻСֻ꣬ûŮˣ鶼㡣
ֲȢº޻ǰӲãСһȥţѾͷãܻŮ飬ҪٻһЩ߻͸ˣϾռҸӴֵУΨԷ첹Ļһϲͨ
СҾռסܸмռ˵ľ֮סзԣֵ쳣ڿ죬ƽʱϸչݣϴ¼ɨ
ôЩȥҶռ룬Ҫǵ궩ףܸ߼޵Ҷأ
ְŮУҶƸȫŵݵļױĥŮȥ˴˼ҼûԼҲãʹСҵ˼󣬾ͰŮѾͷ

С߹ݣЪһЪһжˡ
ĶӣֿһϲЩ˵˵ȥǶѵۡ
ǣСҷԲԵĵһѾͷ߹Цҽܣ̣ūģ֪̿ζΣȥЩˡ
̧۴ĳƽƽ棬ȥһʵͽģ˵ͷ㣬лˡ
ϵЦݸЩ̵лⶼҵı֡һ˵һ߸ȥˣĵشš
ûˣСϵľнһ룬Ͻܵϲǰڴ϶񣬺ܿռһĻ桢Բ
СױƵİĶϲ̵˵źӣղ³ȫˮ̫ˣϾûúóԷһˮûȹôܵˣ
ȷʵˣҪθ
Ժ棬ЩղŲ֪˭ƨ|ɵأһŻǣͽ׽ţյθֹͣ˽
СҼ״̰ĶŵϣרŰ
ʱḷ̌ˡ
СҸϽȥţһ̣һ뼦˿߲࣬мĵġ
ùŻˣͷϷصļ£оûţϴ裬·ˡ
СҲϰˮдǵطүûأڴŵȣϴǲϹصģᱻЦġ
⻰ȿһģķ·ûƵģϺޱ顣

ռĿΪʰеģɲǱʲô򳪸棬֣Բʶ
£òʱͷΪէߣҲҪʵЭܾܲôһȥˮɣ
ο֪ĸء
ϲŵӵĸɹѾСˣǿһļ˸ղŰʱյĺСңŸļأ
ʱͷϻźͷȻСҴ͵ġ
ĴʱѾˣʶȤź÷껹ȥȻʵʵվš
Сʼ񣬲ɵһЦϽó
ҶͥĺɰװһһƱҶ̫̫һֻɫܲķ塣
ȰƱսԼĺɰһСңүõǷأ
Сһ㶣æүԼŵġ
һתĶ˵ղڲ任ѵģǶæûߣȥ俴ǷҲù
СԥŲ϶ðɣ
СҿֻɷӵĶӱɷĵỹûɷͬ⡣
ݾѾͷܹž˼ݱȻģʹȴ˳֡
ӣСңҲΪү룬룬˶ٿ˰һ˭ҵ˼͵͵Ѷ͵ô죿ùͷٽү
СһȻͷ߸˵ȥˡ
ܿ죬СһɰݽӹһͬһƱһ塣
ݺȫΪУСɵѾͷһ䣺ȻүˣҪϽ
ݲÿɷתͷԼļױҪڴ˵ذƲ֮ء
ռҵļҵޣϾũóļױأʵдա
˰Ҷ͵Ƹȫó⣬˼״ƷǶʮӵѹǮ
ʮҶʵʲôлָԼĴġ
ɩʱܲ⣬Լɩӣѵ֣ѾͷҲĶӣն궼ʮˣûȢأ㽫ϲÿ
˵ֲұ⣬ֺֻõ˵»ԼҲ˵ʱףҾͻˡ
ؽʶױŮҪһЩŤͷѵԼţõ죿Ҷվ˽Ÿܲң
⻰˵úеմɩʱϹЦһʱˣѾͷТ˳ˡţȥǮ
մɩݣ⿴Լĵܵܣ˵ԭնȳ׵ġ
֣ݲżǣ˵ףŮոպã˭뵽ҶҴߵüҲ֪ģҶүƽʱ٣һҲףοŮֿţҪ˫ϲţš
ͷЦô˵ܼ޽ҶңҲй⡣úòٰ£кأ


4 
ҶҸƸ˳ʳ֮⣬вҶƥУʮӣԼһ׽ͷ棬ӡӡϸ鶫ϸ˵
ΪռûŮˣҲ᲻ŮԲ£һӣֱȥһʱµĻ
ԼļױСһһһ飬ȫװأǱȻŹʰҲ١
ϸյõĶܹжٶʮ˽Ǯڵۣ֪ǮһʱоԼ΢е㱣ˡ
ҶһۣϲشϲϣҶүͣͬǾƣܵء
ҶүҶְͥةȻֻһİƷС٣һصĹ٣ôҲ˹ټС
ҶҵĶӳףظĸٶܸӣ֪ءةξ֮Ķˣټ̴󻧣Ҷⳡµǰʮ棬ַǷ
ܵòؾԱһҶҶүֿǰͬһơ
һţд˴ɽ»սˣҶǶ죬˵ڡ
ˣҶҪãһлǨһ½ɡ
ҶڹһˣлǨæվ߾پƱ˵ϲҶүϲ֣ڻܲȼ˵Բԣ
ôᷴأȻ壬ҪҶ
ȻȺûӣǵϢҲǺͨģ֪ҶүȢ˸¹ŲԣЩ˲Щصֻ
ܳʲôùУ¹ʹòªִšֲϵһȫޡס
ݻû¶棬Щ˾ȲذЩݴȫͷк
лǨﻰⶼ֮⣬ͬһȫˣƫƫҶɵȴû
̹ݷǷòȣϸǸߴӵĽģ˵Ǵ˼ҾҲΪ
ˣѹлǨ˵ֻĿأ
ҶֺǺǵػصһأ
½žƺվһʱ׼ƵļƣЦȰ֪㼱붴ͬһҲļѾţܳ˲ɣȰлǨˣٸҺͷŹ㣬
ҶＱͬèץƵģеҪһȺˣЩȥ¡
ƫƫͬϷţֶһƬ⣬Ҷȴ֪ͺʮ౭ˡ
ҿҶү͵ʱտһߣ̸ȶӣҶ뻢ڣС˷ţһҡؽ˺Ժ
ѽʱ֣ҶĺˣɢһƬʵĹΣҶȵ۾ˣۣ૵ڸأ
²ȣߵŤŤݣСƽҲܵȵġ
ƽһעŽµ·һЦŻصء
һ⻰Ҷվס˽ţԳԵЦбۿƽüͷø߸ߵģ|飬ϷЦʣ⻵СˣװĶЩʲô˵Ҹʲôأ
ƽ̲ס͡һŤͷĵط˸ۣȾүЦ־Щ
үһ˲ţд֣ܶ飬ɱ˼ңʮġͨµʱ򣬾ͰͨѾͷźˡ
үҲ˵ȸүһůģ̫̫Ų˵黹ûãӾͽѾͷͿˣһĲɶãռҹ۳ҲˣûܸӳףͲô㹦ˣҪ漱Ķ飬ϽţʱҷİȢޣô
ԣʮҶѵر֮ͯ飬С˰⣬ֻ̫̫Ĺź
ͨòͨˣԸľͷģȴȤ˵үЩҲѶǷ˼
ƽתͷЦŴߴ٣үĥߴˣ̵ȼˡ
ԶԣǿߣҶϽӿŲ
ݰϲϣȵðžͷ۴˯ԽԽŨʱ̲סŲһ£뿿ڴһ
СҸϽһѣǧ˯үûأ˿˿ɲˡ
ƲƲ죬ôһƣⶼˣֻ̾˿
үˣ
ĵС̾ͻˣæȹȻܹȥš
үСҸ
Ҷ豻ƽŽݣСʱͣûͣҡҡλεֱϲȥ
һɾζѬֱüҶվǰЦģȻҪ
һ㣬˻ӣĿȻ⺰ˮ
ȵˣϴ˰ɣһ´ǲ
룬⻰䵽Ҷһᡣ
ԼȢСӣȻͻݰһҪˮźԼϴˡ
żżҶͷЩվȣһƨ|ڴϣùû
ùˡݴһŵСˣʲô֣
̣ūƽƽ鹧ͷ̧
ţȥɣĽ
䣬ľͽˣˮѾˣүҪԡô
ȡȻҶȵͨ죬һ˫۾ɫԵضݡ
һϣ˾Ըģүȥϴ裬ϴɾЩעǧˮˡ
Сں߳˳ݵ䣬ݲ
ȥҶ裬ҶֻôֱվһҡͷһߺЦ˵Ǹӣɲ˵ʲôġ
ķ˽ԡ䣬СҼûжﲻȥźô
̲סһۣʵмϴĵط
СҲԣǴˣҲϴ衣
ڵȴүʱСѾͬĴϻϸԺĲá
ţ׼·ͰˮҪϴ衣
Сãתһ룬һҪأЩϴҲãүȵż
ǣݺҶֿϴ衣
ݱϾŮˣϴ滨ѵĹҪ˶ЩϴȥһŨױˮϴɾ󣬻һļҳȹʱʱоɼˡ
ҶĽ磬ǵԴҲһ룬Ľţʱͨͨϲ̲סһĴĵؿھֻƵġ
ʮ֮ͯڿĺŮ˲ˣοԼȢˣ˿˾᲻ƿߣ޲ܰѹڴϣԶ
Ҷ뵽ϽںȹֵζѬˣæֺ°յڡ
Ҷٻ³ŬƽԼ飬¾㱸ֻǷˡ
۰Ͱ͵ؿŵķ򣬶ôأ


5 
ݴһˮȹڡԼȹ߶һ˿ӯ߽
ݣ̬ȣʱ׹ŵ΢΢ζԡˣϴ֬ۺ󣬸гһȻļ
۵հǵļ΢һ˿ۺ죬ְ͸κ֬ˮ۶벻˵ġ
żʱȹھպϵĻͻȻһ㣬һƬֱҶı
Ҷ迴סˣʼɣʺü¶ܵõ˿⡣æվӭȥеĿݡ
ݱЩ񺮣Ųһ٣ʲôҲû˵ֱӽȥˡ
Ҷ輤ֱֻ֣ӻֶź˵ǶȥŹϡ
ĺСҶ˵תߣŹصýġ
˵ȣҶżȵ󲽽䣬ڴϣȼִ֧ϲӨӨĵԽĻˡ
ȡҶɤӣ߹¡
һҲţΪλүȥһϲ֮󣬾ܿôˣʮģ
Ҫָ˭ء
ҹˣЪ˰ɣҶͷԼϥϵ֣ЩŤ
ϾͯӼѾèץ˰ٰʮˣʱҲѵõЩ˼
ݴӱһ
Ҷ辫|ԣûһͷ⣬˿͵תץסݵļ򣬾Ҫѹ
ͷ·ӦҲ̧ȾߣǡҶС
Ҷ۵ɫŤӿĻȼӭͷһˮƵģٽ¡
㡭Ҷ۳һ亹Сֵܻûüսͱʹ档
ŵڴϣʹ֮󣬾ͺɵؿݡ
׵ҹɷŮӣҲܳΪɣѵԼˣ
û뵽ԷС˵ľͦġ
Ǻǡݸһ΢ЦƵջؽţȻһԼȹһ߹ߴؿŵˡ
εεģǸӵɫҶ˸ղŵ飬Сֵܲôˣ̫ļˣ㺦ҲӦõģҡ
ҡҰѡ
ģһΡأçײˣȥҲûж㣬ֻؿڣװģظŻ˼
ʱǰűһˣԴ˻£ػҶ豻һϽջ֣ǹУôأҪѾͷյŨ
ˣֻҪú˯һûˡݳЦЦûͿ֬ʹЦԵЩ԰
ҶɫʱĶҹô죡
׻˵һٶ˥ߣزҶ䡣
һƬš
ǾԲԸз֮µģҶݽߣܾΣҲ˼ˡֻʹ˷ʵ˯ǲġ
˾ôֲ£ĬĬڴϣΨһϲȵȼţڵײ۳͡
ʱ·溰ˣүôûЪϢأ
һڳĬĿҶȷӦ쳤ӳӦЪˡ
̣үЩЪŲǡЦŴȤȻƺ߿ˣûٷ졣
Ҷ˶ٻǸݽһ£ߵĵ֣Ǽź˺Щˣһڽǵġ
üͷ΢壬ڽǣǽҪǲ㶯ƺ˲
ҶŤͷ˿ŰŵĴԧ̽ʣɣ
ûһСվߵ滻ȥˡ
һ˸ߵ磬÷ľӣҫ£ԼԼ͸ڸʲô
ƤӰϷƵģֻϸϸĸ첲ºȹӣ¶ϸΣҶԭ͵ģĲֻ˼ۣһоԼһ
æԼѵֻʣ£ȻѸɵȥ
Ҳֻʣһ£䳤㣬Ѹ߹⡣ȹźãȻصǰֻҶĿ⾼ضԼ
޶ãڴȻԼǴϡ
۾ĬĬ顣
ԭŮԸǱŰǸС檻ûӰֻҶôһɱǲܵģôһˣҲ²֡
ңɱ˻óأɲԸ̳ͷ빶źúùⱲӡΪ˱ԼʵڲۣϾһϧˡ
Ǿֻ˶ΣճдĥʱʱŰֻ֮Ҫеʹ죬Լʹˡ
ݸԼĴƶһСĿ꣬Ҫ룬ͻȻӿܹǰһ̣һֻ첲شϡ
ҶǼеĶӣСܾĸ谮ֱҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ҲΨҶӡ
Ҷ̫̫¶ֻڶԹܵЩҶ̫̫Ҳӳµ˶ӿȡԲѹûǰͨ
ҶӣʵŹ֡
ƾʲôأԼʱƾʲôҪԹԵһװ׷Źߵķ⣿
ѾԼıǩڳҲ˳ġ
ʮСӣѪյʱôһɫ࣬ܰѳס˺١
ϻԡ㣬ҪǮƵƴҶ꣬ĵͻһ飬ӲҪը
ð춼ûжҶ͵Цһ֮֡
һݵᵽϸӯӯһաĺ˼֣չʱ͵תšסֱ
ûһϧе뷨£Ҷͻɱһå棬Ժ֣ѰԼĵ޶ںԺŲʡ
ɲԭûиһ׶ԭǰ㣬ɷԸ谮ԼǾͻϲϲؽţɷˣͰضںԺķ
ޣ
Ųأ
ǷʰˣͲһɫҪȾ
ˣּݣֱסҶֱϵһ⣬ᣬóָסѣȻ360ȺݺݵתȦ
Ҷʱ۵һɤӡ
ȻǱںڰڽǵĵ֣䲻رһ
ôãﻹжΪүǵ£Ĵءû뵽ûкʹôүҽˣ
ҡҡͷ벻ףʱֲȥ鿴ֻߵűߣʣүôˣ
ҶܹбĶԴ˵䲻ģСһ˿Ƥµ˶Ҫġ
һž״ŭݵĲأסǿƤ֣ͬʱյߣŵô˵Ҫˡ
ҶҶ̫̫Ѿͷӣ˭Ҷ裬˵ϸ崺ůġ
ͷһоŮӣԷԼĵޡ
ҶúڣϧˣòˣֻסӦ֣û£ҲСߵˡ
һЦѣүһֵǧЩ°Ҫ


6 
ֵĻԵİʾԣһ۾һɣҶֱϵ⣬ߡ
Ҷ۵죬ʹݵ֣ǲϷţֻ뷨Ӱ͵ĵӦȥؿƣνأ͵ˣȥ
úãˡ
ҹһϹͷСʱЩܲˡϸ룬˲⵵µأͻİȻүϲ͵ǻȥ̫̫ЩЪء
ʶࡣֵ˵ȣûжˣɿ֣ģֻҪҲ룬ͲǿңȻһӣ̫࣡
Ҷ赹һסɫʮѿǶˣ鲻ӦõôȰɿ
˻˵ʱ⡣Ҽ޽Ǹ޵ģɲЩר˯С檡֣ݺݵصһۣһްʮأ
ҶڵõţϽֱ־˿ǲңָӡѪ˿
ıɱ׷𣿡Ҷŭģһ䣬Ťͷٽѵݣֻһ
Ƶ£Ķϸϸģ
Ȼ˼£ЦеǧëңҲ֪۲ۣأӣУ˼¾ͻ˵ģȰɣط࣬ˡ
ҶŵɫҰףҪΪά˵棬һȻŶˡ
ǿסˣղŵŭͱƨͰ͵֪㲻Ҳġҵӣ㾴㻹أôǿ㡣ҲЪˡ
ţ˵ĶԣǸ˯ˡݲҶ衣
Ҷ趢ҲţȢСôԼ̵ĺ⡣
һϰߣΪͬ˵Ůӳǰ¶ҹǾúЪһЪٲϾˡ
ôһ룬ղǸװͰ͵ģҲôϡЩСӼһߴģ㣬˸оأ
ҶԽԽ̣Ȼռ䲻ԼݵԼŮͷɫģȢһҲ
ֱϱĵطѪ˿Ҷ˰̶ûþۣСֵ̧ͷƣ룬ŮӶ۵ģҪӲϹĸŮӻûһأܲΪ£ⱲӶԲ˰ɣ
ҶЩԾԾԣӲܼͦˡ˶ӣĥŴӺδ֡
ݷ·󱳳۾ƵģؿˣǹŵģɲЩЬġȰЪЩ˼ƼҾܵſڣһӵԼǰһҶй֮ڣʱɹ٣ϵҲᱻߣ
Ųϵأ˵֪֪Լľ
ҶһͣҶҵʲôУֵݵͷµģýֺͷҲֻ֪ʲô
˶Ҫɳ£Ӱƽһ֪ˣأ
ҶһݣСֵҲήˣڨЦǺǣʲôû룬˯˯ӣĲˡ
ֱҹ˯ţ۾ԭϸϸһ飬Խˡ
һͷֻصԺҶ̫̫̫̫˺ܾãү̺ûء
ŶҶ̫̫Ų豭Щ죬ôˣ
ٺ٣үˣϲ͵Ҷ̫̫ǰź˴뱲ӣҶ̫̫һƢԵ˵Ƚԣү˵̺ͷأӲ̫̹
Ҷ̫̫֪µģϱѶһЩˣܾò̫Ϊ˾ͰѶϱһ٣е㲻ֵ
ǵ㲻ˣҲûȥһֻԼ֪ˡ
Ҷ̫̫ЦЦƽͣٳŵ˾ͷһҲǲϰߡˣȥЪš
֣Ҿȥϲҹֳأ
ţ㲻Ҫǰ˵ʲôѾ˼ţҶҵĶϱˣԲҲ
̫̫ƣ۶ϱĺſɲˡ̫̫һƬģһһװֵĴӡ
Ǻǣ˵ͺˡ
磬ļү̻δ۳ʱ쵽ˣ߹š
ݱѣҶҲѹˣΪû˯һʹǷ۽ǻỨ
𴲣𴲣ûھʹǷӰڵĿظһš
Ҷһ£ǷҲˣľһؿݡ
ݲƿʣѾͷˮȻϣֽɢŵһͷɽᣬٴͷǸ̶ס
ŤͷҶЦЦޱ᣺үˣﻹȥء
һЦͬԼǰţҶ̲סϲղһţһ۷ִϾȻһˣʶķӦɣ
һ֪ˣȻôԼô᣿
𡣡Ҷ˲ָ˻ƤЦ
վ棬˵ү̣ˮˡ
ЦЦسҶһۣǸҪ˽ˣŲء
˷ֿȥϴֽʰ̡
ŵϲ£һ̣ȶε̵|ٲ˻ɡѾȮƵģűڴᣬûŵǹеζ˻ûء
ְϲŽȻ˳ộźţſֻȥ̫̫
Ҷ̫̫΢΢ЩʧǸϺˣҲû˵ʲôֻԸ౸Сˡ
ϴãױ̨ǰױСվͷһƯĸ١
СͷŴκУ̣ļΣ
кܶôݽӹϻӣҶһͷ֮⣬ϴŵԼһֻСɵӡ
ִֻ̫ˣ˳׵գƽʱ˭ģϣŻǰѻ嵽˷䡣
Ҷϴһӣһĺɰ׹֮Сһ߳ģ͸ҵĺɰأ
Ĳ֪Ѿˣʵʵػش𣺡ûţʰүϲʲôûС
ôܣ˲ɣ
Ҷ֪ɰװʲôΪǰͨһӣͬȥȻأʱٽϼζˡ
ǰûմȾѾͷԺҲȥºˣ֣ǰһһˡ
ҶҪݸϽ䣬ЦȰһС°ˣڴľʹ󺰴ôȱҪ


7 
ϴһ㱡ױ֬ǳۣŨױ߸ճԡʱؾӣʱģǡôġ
Ҷ豻һЦסɫǰ˵һƱˣݴʱҪѪ⣬ĸԸģֻҪպԼԲ
ˣȻҡҶɰ۶Сӡ
ɵذɵŪȥȻ˲糯ԺȥСҸں棬ͬƵģϰ¡
ȻûаѶүô

ҶүҶ̫̫һ£׵λϺŲ裬ĵš
Ҷ̫̫ԲķʹӴˡҶүӸ̬һصĴƵģӶͦһ顣
Ҷһ̤ԺԺѾͷǾͼææܽȥͨҶүҶ̫̫Ͻ²豭ˡ
Ѿͷڵϰںù棬ݺҶԾ˲裬˼ףȻ
ǰֵúܹͻݣǵŹŵ棬ӹҪһģȵҶײʱҲһݸҶ衣
ȻһɲҶҶϷǳ⣬ҶҲŵЦݣʮá
ܿ죬ǰں緹˻ȥ֪ʱĹأ¸Ҫźźɷ÷ģԹԵվţŹ꣬˲ˡ
ҶүҶ̫̫ɫ̹Ȼ緹ҶÿһھбһݣԽԽϵĳͻпԭġ
㿴ô˳һ̫·֮£ԲſܳǸӡӣлŮζһˮ
ԼСأĸ磬سǰҲû˺úý̵֮£׻˵ǰӣ߽ޣ̵ݿɲԼô
Ҷ趸Ȼоһ۵θУԷٶȶ֣Щ꣬ûȥԼԺ̽Ӧȷз¡
ú緹һߺȲʳˣֵǵĲиʣ
ϲԣʵһ˵磬̫ŮԵ¶ˡ
ҶүŲ豭һ۱÷ĶϱȻҶ̫̫˵ѾףϹ´ߵýһЩ
Ҷү٣ȥҪһ·̣ҲΪӳףԲŸٻؼҵġ
Ҷ̫̫᲻ãֲܲүǱߵլ¶ҪŮ˰ŴüҪүһͷô£ܵøҼչ
Ҷүɫݣǰ˭ܾͻ˭ܣ㲻һߣ·ϵķʳ˭չˣ
Ҷ̫̫ЦǰǰںףǴˣЩС
ûȤԱʣµĿˮڷʵŶߵ̸
˼ǲԼԹܼˣһ°
ҶҲǺ£ϧܣֻǸ㻨ǮĹӸѡ
ȵһߣԼͳΨһˣÿ׬ӻԼ⻨ôΨһϲԼˣӿɾˣֱ󺣰
Ҷ²豭ЦŶ˵ģѾǴˣӾͽҹܰɣǰΪҪ飬û취˼£Ӧѧˡ
Ҷүͷ˵öԼˣţҲһŻܲסЩˣᱻŪ˲ɣ
Ҷ̫̫룬ׯϵ̫ӣк綼ֲׯͷܵüãͲˡҪ֣Ұѳ治ӽţΣ
Ҷ֪ģӺÿ׬ٶң͹ϲˣæͷǾȹ䣬ӹܵúˣѱҲҹţֻܰϡ
⻰˵öТ˳ҶүҶ̫̫ʱЦۣҶүҶ̫̫˵ȻҪɴӵЩ˵ҲһˣЩū٣¡
Ҷ̫̫ͷȥá˵վֶҶүʹ˸ɫ
ҶүҶ̫̫ȥˣҶģ߹ݳԷ
ݲЩʣµĲˣֻʢС࣬һûһڵغšҶ߹̧ƤһۣԲ
ҶϾҪӵˣһũūѸ質ĸоɴҪԼ
鼤Щܣ˿ЩԵ߰˰˵Ĳвˣ죬ԸѾͷСң̴İɣЩ˶ˣóһݣһ͵СԺȥ
˵ּȰԼŰУʷ˳ԣȻЩʣµˡ
ǣĨĨ죬ҶЦЦлүȻ豭ڡ
Ҷʱһһ԰ֵ˵Ǽ̲˶ѣҪǲϲĿζȥ¥һУүҲǮ
ЦЦü䡣
緹Ҫȥ¥һ˵ҲҪʮӣǸ˲Ű
ӵеٮٮߡ
ҶЦΪһЦ׳մ˲ڳȥݿûȤݷ޶Ŷ˲Ķܿˡ
ҶʧؿһԺ㬵ػصλ£豭ŷֲˮѾˣҲ˻ȵȥȥͷĻ
䣬ҶүͬҶ̫̫˵Ļ
û뵽ϱ˺áҶүЩԵãҲòǵĶӡ
ҶүȻǹ֮ǰδݵݣʱҲֻŮҳ˵
Ҷ̫̫Цسһۣ⻰ǰ˵˵ҲͰˣҪǽˣֻ⹫ׯء
Ҳôһ˵ûԸϱ˶ٻءҶүЦ
Ҷ̫̫Ҳ̲סЦϾޣȺʱܲϡô˵˶٣ϸΪѵɫҲүһߣֻǡ
˵ӺͶϱûԲôˣηĵ£Ҳ֪С˲ӡ
ֻ⻰öү˵ģǣ߾ͱһɣǸ¹ҲǿĳҲżˣǸ¼ʮܲң̵ܵ졣ҪǾôˣͷѼŪģסҲ̹
¹ضӵĽҶүУ̵ͷͶգһж˳ˣٸϽ
ãҶ̫̫ҳǵһϣȥصؽҶ裬ԼҵĲҵҪúÿţҪʲôģͶƹǧš
ģҶҶһѽӹס˱չԿףЦüۡ
ҶүΪϱڳҲö˵ʲôֻ˶Ӽ䣬ȥǰԺ鷿ˡ


8 
ҶүһߣֻʣҶ̫̫Ҷݡ
Ҷ̫̫ݵ֣ϵϸϸһʢ˼òȻ⣬׻׻̵׾ǴˣǰԼĺƢˡ
Ҷ̫̫˵⻰ʵûԲĲԼĶӲãضǶϱЩź
ݴͷš
Сͱҹ߻ˣûôԹ࣬ΨһľͷҺãڱӣҲѧˣҲӣ߲ѽ
ˡҶ̫̫ѻʵˣֻܕbĻӦүΪŸ߰˶ѧţضٳ߸ͷһ˵ǼҾҪ״Ԫˡ
ĵϹͷ̧ԼﲻסЦ
Ҷԣͦͦţְͷ̧ø߸ߵģǿ׳죬һʮֵģ
Ҷ̫̫Ц˵С粻óԷͱˡҪܿ״ԪҶܹҫ棬Ҳ컯أ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾƮƮɣԼʲôˡ
ҲûʲôѵģҪϻ³ǰҹЩֹôءù꣬һ״Ԫˣ״Ԫһ㶼Щ͵ˣģӦǷ̽ɲŶԡ
ƪԲѵĻʵûסӱЦһ
˭֪أֽһĵβȻ޳ܵİ̽Լ֮
Щ廪ͱѡһõˣʲô
ϴվӵô
Ҷ貢һϲˣԣֻһǣն߹Ժֵĸɢӡ
ҶͥȻ簮ӣҲ֪Ψһĳ··˵ȥټ飬òشԷԾϵƫá
ٱ˵ǮʵѧˣѺ⣬ƽ⣬ǿѹŶӲ
ҶݣҪȥһΣ汣׼ȫˮ
Ҷ̫̫ԼĶһ֮ţͷͬ³գ𴲾ͿɰŻˡҿɫҪȻҿ᲻ȥݶ˵ҪٿҲûʲôġ
ֻ΢ųȷɤô
ʹԼָģһΪЦͨ졣
Ҷ⻰ɫСҳݡ˵۵ѪҲ³ġȻǰŬǰ׷ô
ӴҶ̫̫ۼˣұ飬ҲǵĽҺүˣûйһɽҲزסӷںˣҶڿྡˡ
ĸТĳʵӦݶ˶ţֲסˡ
Ҷһֱע״ߣﻹҪ°ɣȲˡ
ԶԣҲˣȥЪšҶ̫̫æĩֶݣԺļˣүȥϣһšҪúչүǧ˻ˣ˻ˣ꣬ʵǸأԷʳҹְ߱ӣӴ׮׮Ҷˡ
ҶƻԼϴһ˿ͷûףͰЩҳף㻹ⲻôֻܷĵȥһźúúõġ
ǣģϱһúչүԼˣ˲ˣҲүٰͷ˿
þȫ־Լ⸱İ֣ر顣⻰ʵм֣ǾֻԼ֪ˡ
֤ⷬҶ̫̫ĸǳ⣬Ҷ̫̫ЦȥȥɣźүЪšҪǻо͹ҽ̽ιܼ¡㶼ѧˣ˳ЩˣҲܷĵȥүء
˳Ժһ·صСԺǰСѾӳһڵ緹Ͱķϡ
ţû£ǿҶ裺үҪҪٳһ
ѾԱˡҶҡҡͷԼԣȥһͽһлҪ˵˵꣬Ѿͷתȥɿݵļһ¡
ЦݲãţҾͽȥ
һԷˣеԻֻ߿߳ԣֻһСҲõһСʱ
Ҷ|棬ʲôȻǲԶġ΢ЦĿ䣬˹ؿʼ緹
һڣʮ£ȻЪһЪٽųԵڶڡ
С࣬ɵСģӲ˰ʱŷ¿ӣСҴˮҪϴ֡
СҶһˮǰźϴ֡ݼһֹı飬ʣʲô˵ģ
С¾үѹү˵лҪ˵أô㻹ȥүô
ݰֲɣֽӵһߣЦϸͷʲôûУү˯ˡĲˣү˯ӦþĵģʲôܳЩ˵
ݲµú׼Ҷϴʱ򣬻ڰҪĶϣҵȣֻ䱭ײ
֪ݻû꣬ôＱҲ˼˶ӣֻӿȡ
ŵţûݣǰܹˣݽ˺˯
СݵĻʱԼòȫȥˮߵǰͷ˿Ȼת˵Ȼү˯أ
ţţȥԺһˡ
ҪߣСһ㶣һѳסӣү˯ӦȥǰţӸϸҲáүˣһ˵ġ
ɫһڡ
ⶼЩʲôë
ʱڣӣСұϾԼҴˣݲûзƢ
һСӷɽأСקţϷߡ
̲ס췭˸ۣµĲǱ˲㵱˿ԼȲԼ˿
СŮ˼룬ǴСѧģʱ˼룬˼ѾھŮҸٹ̡
Ҫıѡ
ңҲԼйȥıˣֲʥĸϾǺæء
ŵ˵ȻҪҽܣɻÿûһУ¾ͻύˡ
ݼȻ˽ҶϱȻϣԼ̶ȵסġҪǱܼңԼһһҪˣ
ԣܼڱصá
ղҲˣٹҪˣҵóﻹڵʱ򣬸ѧιܼءȻһߣҾͻףүҪʲôûʲôôС
ϴǣɹС֣СЦǸϽȥš
ݵͷȹǳݣĺúүȻŴСȥԺ


9 
Ҷ̫̫᷿£ÿҪ鲻ȷʲôˣʲôˣһǺãӳȥ
ÿ鶼оѭҲɡҶ̫̫հѳߣݽ֣Цʣôֹˣүأ
ݽǰС棬ȸҶ̫̫ȻɫԼ
үû˯ãڲءڴǰһүǸǶӣϸӣ룬˫ӣүôһʱ˵Ҫҹܼңţˡ
šҶ̫̫ͣȵԼԣүүүһֱмǼҵļҽŵùģܺá˾Ů˵죬ֻǺˣŮ˲ܹøáҲҪźү
˵ĻҶˣһʧ֣صı顣
Ҷ̫̫ԽԽ˳ۣ̲סҲˣöЪģҪѧܼҲؼһʱ
ѧܼҲΪԼɬصͷ΢죬ڼҵʱ򣬰үչ˵׵үҪʲôʲôû˵ڣǾǰ׼ˡѧһѧܰүչ˵΢أ̽ҡ
ְȢȷһˡҶ̫̫鶯ݡ
ݵ֣ĳúӣҴûңҲǧԱҲһӾͰѼ½㣬Ҫ٣ҲûӴܼ¡
Ǻǡϱ΢Ц룬Աǳʲôӵģ
ˣʶʶֵģ
ʶһ㣬֣Ҷϵá
еԭʶ֣ԺǸС檽֮ôԱԸһǣҲԼ޵ȥѵ
ڻݣǾԲܸԼһäġ
ףû뵽㻹ʶ֡Ҷ̫̫ܾϲΪƾռһӶǴֲʶһġ
ҸСʱڴ飬ؼҲңǱ£Ҳ˵ġ
նСʱȷ飬ⷽûʲôݣֻͲȥˡңҲûн̹ʶ֡
ݲĻ𴩣ΪҶ˲רΪȥ֤ռ˽֪ʶˣҲֻΪҶѧġ
ͺãʶ־͸ˣܼҷ㣬Ҳ±ǺŪö˱Ҫġ
Ҷ̫̫Խ̵ϱ˺ܴģ±ݣָ˱һĽ
˱Ҳܼ򵥣ϸϸдÿ֧˶ӣضٶװףһܶ
֪ϻ̣ȿһ˱Ҷְ̫̫ѼĲø
һ̣һѧʱͺܿ죬֪͵緹ʱ
˽ѯʣʲôʱڷҶ̫̫ʦݣʧЦʱˣѧһ磬ЪšͷҴһ£֣ȵ˱Ҫ˼
ˡݵлȻԼͻ۶ϱıݣҲ֪үûҵûȥƣźϴ
úӣȥҪû𣬾ͰѣôҲóԷһٶСԼԺԣʡȥģٹԺ
ҲЪţϱȸˡ
ݻصСԺҶѾˣĵķϴϴ֡
ݷԸСȥ÷Ȼ˦վһԸɿţҶϴã߹ȥΪѵصһ
ҶЦٶʾ⣺ȥĶˣһͲӰ
ЦŻش𣺡㻹˵أ˵лҪ˵ģҳ극ȥһƣ˯õ㡣
ѽҶϧģҲ֪ôľ˯ˡҲҪһù˯ʱͬ㽲
Ц΢΢ü
ҶΪǸʾʱϲ⣬˷ܵˡ
ǡʱСҽڷİæ˳㹧үò͡Ҷ˿ȣ߹ȥλ
СұҶ裬ʹ˸ɫݲԣֻȥԷһЩҪԱʣµĿˮˡ
С̾סݣָָ䡣
Ϲһ׷壬Ҷ̫̫ģСѾͷʲô˼
Сҵ˵ͷߵߣҶ迪ڣԹȻѾͷӻ֣Ƕȥɣźˡ
ҶĲеЩ֣һ뵽¾ҪзҲһ㣬û˵ʲô
ѾͷǶȥԺҶղŵ⣬һΣǻ˯ˣȥ
ŻڼңֻʱѹҪʰеģϾϱôҲùɼգװװӡ
ȹһߣҿɾ˵ˡ
ȸҶһӲˣȻڶӾͷŽԼѧϰιܼء
ҶֻԺ֣˰æѼþ޺֮ǣ±ͷЩģúѧ
Թ㻹ҪЪô˯ţ
˯ţԸһҶϴḡ˵Цʹݹܹ졣
Ȼ΢΢һЦүԱˣǲ˯ģϱô͵أһùȥźţȻѧϰܼҡ
װ׵ľܾˣҶɫЩѿܲˡ
ݼװЦģүôŸ¿ˣ
һ֣Ҷ˰βġ¿ֶûע⵽
ϾǸˣ|£ʵ˹ģֻסˣĥŸɴȥἸͬ
ףͬǶϲҲҳȥֺֺǵġ
ȥˣȻҪӣǰÿ¶쵽ʮӵ㻨ǮΪ֪ʱԼ֮ǰûй˼ɣֻʣһˡ
ôһ㣬ܶʲôãһõľϯв𣬸ϯļˡ
Ҷ뵽ݣҵɰѾͷû
ݼв˵һ٣ջؿӣڿϷźãȻҶ裬ˣˡ
һøңȥҪá
ݲͷںаķ¶һϸ۵Ĳ
ҶڷûȵӦŤͷһǽذĲʹǰѩƵģЩˡ
ôˣֻҪغԺţԼ£ӦҲûʲôɣ
̧ͷǽʧƺЩΪ飬ҧҧӯӯɬؿҶ裬ʣǳףһ壬ҲҵģԲԣ
Ϊҧһ´ʹǴɫԵøǰȥƷҶ۾ֱˣɫ£ӱóٶɵص˵ͷԣ˵Ķԡ
ԡգգۣϵЦԽԽɫˣžͺãгסʹӣǸոճףҪ˴˽⣬飬ͱˣڼҶң𣿡
áȻϲšҶѾȫụ̂ɫһʮİ׳Ӧ棬˵ʲôǶԵġ
ݸ˼ˣӣرּ˲˸԰ɣһһҪȥźЪء
šֻˣȻԳζ


10 
ùϴں󣬶˵ʹСȥԺһТ˳ĺöϱҶһˡ
Ⱥһյ裬ҶŷӦⲻ԰ΪʲôӲ˯˵ȥ涼ԣ
Ȼ˵Ҫ໥˽⣬ҲУôֿ˽⵽ʲô
Ҷ赱ȥԺݣһ߶Щꡣ
һ̫ģǶߵԺȥҶ̫̫ûЪ£ȴӰ
Ҷ̫̫˶ӾЦݸû·ûţ
˵ҪźЪôôˣҶû뵽ԼôùȻ˸ա
͹ˣҪҴǰźأѾͷǸʲôʹġҶ̫̫Цݴ飬ûײȥ԰ȥˡҪȥ
ҶתҪߣͻȻԼյĺɰعֺõЦ˵ٸһӡ
ֲˣǰÿ¸ʮҲʡһЩûĲŻûľͱ򣬳˼һ굽ͷʮء
Ҷ̫̫Ȼ۰ΨһĶӵģÿ¶ʮ㻨Ǯ㹻Ҷúˡ¶Ǯ̫࣬ᱻ|£ҲҸǮǿһʵ档
Ҷ谤£ǰ쿴һһӾͻˣңٸһ㡣
Ҷ̫̫ЦոӣͲȱˣ΢һ°ɡ
ƹĵµײˣûǮˡҶһͰ͵
ңǸһء
Ҷʵڲ˼˵ǮݸˣΨַٲñӸǵԼͷϡ
ѵͲҪô
죬֪Ȼ˵ЩϼԼԭֻ̾˿˵أ͵԰ȥ
ţȥɣʱͷɹҶ̫̫ЦеģȫĿࡣ

ҶլܴǰԺҶͥҶ̫̫סԺҶСסڶߵСԺ߻һԺӣĿǰá
һ·컨Щϻųʱĺδժ£Ȣ׵ϲôӳˡ
ȰԺһȦ˽Լļңȥ԰;¡
컨ֲ£羰ټϲ䲻ȵʹĿ
ݵı黹ȻϾԭȵ￴ĵطСҾͲһˣһֱ״̬̾Ͷϲ£
֪Ҷ󣬵û뵽լӴ軪͸Ǯζ
СûѾͷһʶԼҹȻǸˣͬʱְԼҶһҪúñ֣źү̣˵л
ǽ߼꺣ĿãСҶôȥһЩƯĻ꣬סˣȴƲסһֱͷƮ˿ЩŤ
ʯϣһۣƵ뿴͹ȥҪȻðѼͷҲС
УСС֣ôÿĻܾܿأվͰˣʵ̫˷ˡ
ֻҰССصģɽҰֵǮ˵СҲͿˣ꺣ģƯµմɻţһƬССҶ˾Ӻݻ󣬲档
ݣͬ˵ģϲͼ
ҲҡСƴҡͷúõشɡ
ݿ챻ЦˣѾͷĵʵ̫СֻõģЩڿˣȥú裬伸ġ
СһƢΣ˸ɾӦȥ
ǵ··ˡ
ǵãղʱҾˡ
ʱСһ裬ִӳ˼ģһһʯϣҡȣŲ裬ŵģٿ۷羰⼫ˡ
ҶԺֱ԰һ£ɫָȦҲûˣ縵ۣȣͦǱôһƣǸģѹӡ
СֻһۣͲٿڶۣΪүʵ̫Ӣˣֱӣ񣬾ͼæ˵һȥ
ݷ·ûƵģҲûСһ㣬سŵģĿ⿴𴦡
԰ûˣúúõģ˭ͷ
㵹ڣСҶһЦһŵ
үˡĵģͬкȻǷǷҪ
Ҷƽȱ˸ûһģͽԼ
ݵƨ|ֻ̧һС룬ַŻȥЦغСңү衣
Сҵͷ߹ȡһֻ²豭˲үǰڳˣСҾЩʵȥüµĵĹɣ
һÿһԹƯͼѾȱ˼ǣСҾү̳ʣµĶһֲᱻġ
Ҷ費仰νģҲɣҲɡ
ݲ˵ؿСһۣʲôأѾôˣòүˣ
СҲٶ˵˻ȥʵʵվţҶ⻰һЦ
ݿϸ˵ǮһжǹŵĹͣҾͲˣǸүȻŵݣƫƫûһְٰͭ嶼׬
˵ʲôءҶô̶ʲô׬ذͭ壿ˣѵ⻹ı
ݱشԼĻ뷭ŹŻڸסˡ
ͷһѵȹһߣ͵ưɣʰ޵ҾͲգ
СҶʱˣүǷƢ˰ô죿ô죿
ݹⶶ˶ӣŻһ㣬ӵºݺһԼĴȣȦ̾ͺˡ
գգۣίͰ͵ʣң
⸱ȦȻģҶģһ˲䣬оԼǸˣﲻˡ֡
ôܰŪأ벻˳Բˣ
ʢױģΪ֮ԣҲӿӣֻɽĸϻ
һʾҪ޲޵ı飬쳣ҶʱоԼΰθףСޣӦñڻúúǻŲŶԡ
ǧ룬ֻЩں㡣ҶæЦ
ŲСңոǰ벽״ջؽţ˺ôһ
ݼþգ۽ǣͬҶﲻϺ͹һߣҪǵҲܼңίί㣬ѧˣʱҲˣֻʣ
Ҷ̫̫ǰߵһ仰ǣ׵˲ǴˡҶжܲɡ
ϣҶүҶ̫̫ЩҵˣҶĪ
ڼңֻӾͿԳˣʲô͸ʲôȥҲҪͬκ˱ڵӣ˺ܾõġ
ɵļȿʱѹԲ|ҲĹǵȵġ
ˣҶͷݵĿг˹Щģѧᣬұ֤Ϻȡ


11 
ΪŹͬĿ꣬һ뾡ҶүҶ̫̫ߣҶݵ˴ల˼ա
ת۾͵ŵӣһ죬ݺҶؾˣϳŵѣϴ֮ȥԺ緹˳ͬǴС
Ϊռ£Ҷ̫̫ǰ˫ĴһӺͶϱһеԼҪȥĸ
Ҷ̫̫Ǹˣ׼һѻ񣬵ʮУʮֻϺõĲҶԼʺӵĲƥ
ôණһ˲СֻܽڽֽŶչҶСƽ˳ԯϣͳһ
յؿˣ֮ٶȣ˽һʱŵռڵĴϪ塣
һͷǸȻģҲԷǮȻţͺˣҪȻҲʡǮ
һ壬˴ǵĿ⣬׷ͣĻֱռҶȥޣռҹŵӰɣǹǸиģӣҪˡ
ƯҪһأҲԸ⡣
˵ϸһףҶˣƿӳ⿴һۣЦ˵Щû档
ݾ⻰̶ܴ뷴䣬־þҪſˣҲû˼һԣֻɢ
Ҷüһû˸ҲЩûӲٶˡ
Сֻ뿪죬ռҾʹֺն컻ûϴӵõǡԺҲûɨϻųշϲĺֽ顣
ûŮˣںӾͰӹ
ڣӻ֪ߵģ֪ŮҪˣǾ͸Էֹϴϴ룬ɨصɨأһϴϴ̣æҹѼʰɾˡ
·ǿϴˣϴҲûط
ռɹѣԺӵԽǣһӣܲùүһͷʪѰɣ
ǣİõİеһԶ¹
ûߵռſڣĴܵǰͷȥ֪ͨ֡
ֺͶӽǲµصģһֱڼͷţӻǹװɵǰڵϣֻſ
˵ˣæӭͣ£Ҷʹʰ
Ҷ̬ò࣬㣬һϣҶͥһģһռ䲻Լġ
ҪǿݳƯķϣһͬ׵顣
ҲûָŮԼߵŰݣֻҪܶŮã㹻ˡ
ЦŰҶ룺һ·˰ɣרΪ׼˺öණء
ںС߹նѾк÷ˣߵݸǰϸϸɫȻСʣãҶҴɺã
΢Цش𣺡أ˵ҪѼҽҹš
ͺãͺáնϲɫùܼң˵ҶվȽŸ˰ɣ
磬ҴС˻ģȥŵ㣬Ҫĸ
Ҷ˦ƹһʲôˣֻԼˡ
նЦͺãòŴʲôȱ
ݲŲ仰ռؼŮΪܵЩ˼ȫĴڴ󲮼ҽء
ȥЪţҿšն˵
ݵͷСæȻ̧ŽԺӡ
ռǵ͵ͨ˼ң˳⣬ֻӣһס֣һնģʣǼݺСԭȵס
ӶǽɣͰȫƲۣԺҲ棬ﻹΧһʣȦżֻ
ҶǵڶռҵţһǸ׹ס
ʱССԺҶΧýԼһڿֵĴЩһһĹάӭʹªķݶɫ˲١
һΣԺûýˣû˴񣬻ֻϣҶֱܵʲôƶǰġ
ǰ·Ҷüͷ΢壬һԼҪƵطһٷܻؼңЩƲ֡
ֲ֪ŮԼңһݣкҶ£ְǰ׼õļǰƣЦ˵˰ɣԿԡ
ҶˣĺöЩѰĻӶѣЩǹ⿴ʵİװ֪ϵȵġ
͹˰ǵͣ˵ĴεȻҶǿЦЦлȻϵĲ豭
ƽʱȲ裬ΪҶ󣬺Ȱ׿ˮŮͲһˣЩþܵ׼һס
ǮƣֻһͨɫմɲյûлƣûߣصͬԺ档
Ҷ̫ϵΣ䲻ԼŴСͳ졣ǣһƬʢ飬ԼܲһֱԲȰɣ
ϸ۲һֱյɾĲˮҲ峺ΪѵضԶ飬Сسһڡ
ҶζӦԼϻعʱ͵ǼС
ߵſڣҶⷬŤ̬˸ȫ̡ܺãˡ
ݣһ̧ͷſڵŮʱϲɫ
ԼŮֻŮǿͣܵкֻܵŮˣŻԼŮá
ݽݣؽȻߡ
ʱն̤߽Ц֣ʣµЩӺĶǲڹſΧżӣץһѳȥָǡ
ҶŲյͶſˡ
ЩӺǹȻҪɱڹ
ֺǺǵڹûץϼѣ˵С
ҶŴһЩƽʱҪģʵǷ˼
һֱעŵʹûߣһŻȥôҶǣȻǰϡ
ҶʶԼʧˣϽ죬ڨЦȻͷǿŻͽ
ַԸӣŮЦһŤͷŻءΪϲ⻨ЦϲͶԵ㣬ȥĻճɲߵʱװϰûȥ¾Ƴԡ
Ҷ赱ݵ棬æЦŵл
նϵĶ꣬ȥˮλʣȻŻصݣ÷˵
Сһصռң̱ݹҪָ㣬·ҵĹӣһȻ˸š
Сڻûϴ·дүһͷָܲռҸɣ
ǰѶ죬ζͲҪָˡ
һһֱģûô廰̹˵ȥơ
᲻ŮǷѬǵģŮ棬˵ðŮ˳衣
ЦŵͷȥɣСҰջ𡣡
һҲĻᴩΪŮĶˣܽĵطǳԴΪܡֻҪץУ˭֪˭أ
ջСģƴסЦɫ糣سȥˡ


12 
СҸмռҶľ֮ҲûطȥȻռҪϴɨأЩˣΪռ٣СҲĸѡ
ңռ˴ܺҪµظɻô꣬һҲûдԷǺռͬӲĻʳ߹
СҺܸжռһĹУһĸԸĴһɡ
߽װģؿһȦСңʲô
СѾѻˣȼģˮˮ
ϴ⣬һæһЦŻش𣺡һʱŵأиȻм⣬ȲˡԼֵСˣһӲˡү㣬ͰģҴաһ⣬㹻ʢˡ
šݵͷ˼˵һ⣬Ѿд͵߹ˡ
Щʲôأ
ݲ˼վţֻջûɹ°ѻԽԽСڳˣ˼ԭûеܣǲҪ̣ˡ
òæֽſأ֤׼㿪Ъҿˣӡͷ»ġ
ݲԼҪϢ˿ܣһӣС˵ȻȥժЩˡ
ȥһȥժ
ռȻֺն˰ݳͬ˼ҵС㡣
ݻСʱͲˣû˻һСӸɻòԽԽڣ仨ƵģϧСûοѾСܸˣòˡ
ڼ޽Ҷ̣СִֻʹҪүǰһ¡
ǰȾõָף֭ŪˡҸղȥ￴һۣүүһú磬԰Ѿˮʪյģϵ廨ЬɱһӲֵǮˡ
˵ҲͲǿˣ廨ЬҲǲЬȷʵʺȥʪ
ûɸɣֲȥݿҶֻûԼԭȵӣµڴϣĿ
ڴɵúҶȴоձꡣ
ӵͰС͸Ҳã춼˸оЩܲӦǳھˡ
ã˵ҲãռҸһſҪôҶΣൣҪôֻ˵˵ׯˡ
ҶԵĻһϲͨϲ츾Ƶ˵լ飬ǿӦ˼䣬ϾԳͷɫ
նæ˵÷ôõ·һˣ÷ȥϢһ
Ҷżӣֵص˵ͷԸҼӶԿţҲٶôͶ´ֺӡ
æЦԤˣﶼ»ģŮЪ
Ҷ賶˳ǣûпλνĺöѾұκָˡ
ֻǱĿ񣬲û˯ţнŲæӴȻǰһСһͷģ
ҶһݾЦΪڳء
ɫ䣬򶨴ûżôѾˣûͷ
ԺСĺôʲôζƮõǣҶȻҲżζ˿ûԼСѡ
˵ͷ´һۣҺ֮ǰͲڴûªĹ뷿󷢸ۡ
ЦŷԸŮŮˣϢһȷ
磬ҲȥЪŰɣչү
ռҸˣҶߵǰԴ̣֪⿪Ц̵Ĳǵݰɣ
݅һСӵϡ
Ҷһٶ˵µеζôɶòŷֹ̫Ӳˣôһ㣿
㹻ˡ߹Ӹµؿ֪Ҽʵίүˣȳ緹ߣٲӹҲ»ԼңҪ㡭
ݡվԺͻȻһ
ûݺҶһ٣ոڽֻôסͷүƢһգ˵Ļ
ҶǸƤܺˣʱûбѵѿУֻݷƢӺʻϵͻȻƵġ
͵ЦǸˣٰ
ƶ죬ԼЪţҳȥ¡
Ҫһû˯ãµ·ߣߵܼˣٺҡ
ݴӱһŤͷȥˡ
վԱߣץһѴֿӽȥι߹ȥ
ҽؿһۣȻȥ
ݺ£ֿʵҶҹôŮòãҶүҶ̫̫û
ô˵ڽҹܼңˣҪѼҽҹܵġүҺܺãʱŸĺˡ
ݲŲǸԼġ
⻰ݵ¶һʵЦҾͷˣ㡣˵ҲǵûȫҲԵȣҪ֪ǼһٷҾͲˡ㳤ôã˻޵ýЩҲþͽչ㣬С޳ҺҲɿţҪġ
ůůģͻȻǰһ顣
һӣԭ̽ԾˣֺնŭҶһҪǸ˵˴д״ֽĸ״ҶŰŮ
ҶүˣæĴ㡣֪ΪֺҶңټռŮԾǣռҸӱ˸թټûǮЩǣʹһ١
Ϊʹϰ̱ڴ|ʮһغˡնᣬõģ׺öˣһʱģͻȣҲ˻Ȫ
СңͱҶ˸ԶԶأӴ˲֪Ѷ
һ뵽⣬ݾԭˣö಻ֵûҶаֺڲ˵ռҶȥˡ
ѽȻҺԸ⻤㣬ŲԣҪ֪Һ˵Ļûж˼δؿԼģֻҪסŮһаŮվ˽Ÿء
һƬĻҲֻͷ˵á
ն߽ûЦʣ÷ȥЪˣôЪ
ҡҡͷ˯ţ˵
նŹӳԣݽĺɰȡƱȻݸ֡
ʮǸģȰѴ󲮼ҵˣʣµ㻨
ⲻС֣࣬ҸѹǮԼţҺнţˣߡ
նҲȰǰҶԶûǮôС


13 
óƱһţһʮģɻĹƱ
ʮӣԹƽӽһˣ˭ûװôصĶϣ
ԣֲѸŮѹǮ˹Ʊǳ죬¡
ǿӲЦûǮʹйŸĺءңҶгдסúã͸ƴһɣ׬ЩͭծأҪǲգһصҶҲ˼ĺˡ
նԣ̾ӣ¶ʵĸ첲㿴һǷ󲮼ҵҺܿ׬ġļױջȥͻأ÷Ҫ֪ˣҲ᲻˵ġ
նʮֻ꣬Ҷһ꣬˵ȴȻͬ
նüĿƤºеĺڻɫĸߴ󣬼ʵһׯڻĺ֡
Ҷأ׾ǰ׾ֻǺնվһӰһͷټ͵ģ׾ͱĳһֻС޸֮ݵľҶˡ
ݿıȽϲĵȻӲô䣬ȥͺаȫС
̲סЦһһ룬ǰҵѹǮѾˣҸТ˳ģܻһ˵
նǺɵЦţô˵أ
ϵƱնҲϵãΪǼһ˼Ĺ򣬺òײŴġ֮ǰӵʱÿһʲô״ġ
գգۣЦѵҼˣͲТˣ
ֳһսеƱȻݵ⣬ҾͺƤˡǮҲһĥŵ°չ¸һӣø˵ס
ֶ˶٣ĿɨһȦЩпⷿӻǵҺǰ޵ģһʮȥҲӣƵ޸õġ
ȻֻǸˣ˵ɫǶģԼŮһžƲ죬ٶЩˣ־ԼŮ˺ȣûңŮСԼŮ
ҲһӣʾͬϷʪҲá
ЦҺڵƴһѣȡЩʳʱҲɡ
Ϊ¹Լ˵ףնֻɵЦۡ
ݣȱǿԷ˭֪үϲЩʳǺõġʱһЩϵģ͹ˡ
֣õжʮ󲮼ʣʮ㹻·ˡ
ţȻ޷ӵǮǹˣȶӵһ̸ɣԤƸ񣬰ϯҲҪǮЩɲǰ׼ţ
Ҳһ㣬ٿڣֻȵʱӻ
˵ӵƸͺˣǶҶĸӣȥ¥һˣӵġ
ֹƶ࣬ʹ˵鶼ЩȻˡ
¾˵תͷŮʣ˭ŵģҲ̫ˡ
ݣŰŵġ
ֵͷ۵Ҷһӣֻ׼̫̫Ǹˣŷ￴ˡ㹫Ҷү˵ʱб۵ģŮ˶٣ְѺ䲻õĻ˻ȥ
ͻȻЦ
Ҷ£ǵүүҶүүµģ˽ʱգҶҲ̫⣬ԭǼҲء
˭ҲΥ£ϾһТ־Ͱ˸Լסˣ˭Ҳ뵣泤
ЦЦͷƥ͸綼ǲߵģҪøĸضÿۿǿխ˾ӶһأôҲҪһ鲼պãŽɩӽ˵һȥ󣬾СҸļѣʱӻ
ݵĴĸմɩһ̰ܰС˵ӣëʲôֻҪ֣ѲƤŹ֡
Ҳ֪ԼҴɩǸʲôƢԣܹˣЩ̫⣬Ц˵һҲҪֻĹǮ
ǮɴûǮ֡
˵⻰ûݵġ
ռûŮˣմɩʱͻŰæ壬ʵǼලСҸɻ
ռ˻ûСҰأմɩСҵԼҵѾͷһ㣬ָţġ
ƽʱռҵĴҲ࣬ϾСӼܣҲ»ᴫõԡ
ǣÿһũæʱմɩľ͸ڿ죬һ˵Ҫ̵ݣһ˵ЩƨûɣֻԺһ󣬾;ԼǸ󹦳ռҸҸũ
Ϊ磬ӸĸֵģմɩԼˣټֶָ׳ʹۡ
˵һӦûʵϲ
նͶԴĸˣ˵ҲŵͷϹģĸôũҲûǳԶٺõġ
һɣӳԼΪһ֮ϣѵӣ㲻Ҳֻ󲮡ҪǴϽӣôشóޣ
ȻҲһЩСȱ㣬մɩ˽£մȻһܿɰˡ
ˣ㲻˵ʲôˡ
ˣָ˵ģ˭ûȱ㣬ùҹƽʱͲҪƽ̫ˡնˣеģѡһƥӣ͵󲮼ȥ
ҪҰүԴȥ󲮼һˣ
Եȫ棬ռֻôֵܣݺò׻һңȴԴ󲮼ҲŲʣǾͻ˵û̺Ů
룬ȴҡҡͷ񵽾ˣ˲ȥû󲮽춼ûôŮǲһǳ׺ͷһعͱˣ½˵͵Ӷϵȵģôһ͹ȥĸЦ졣
ݺն̲סЦû뵽˵һӲ̫ƽϣմɩҲǺġ
ʱСһˣݰæ˲꣬ȰںӣݲȥҡҶ衣
Ҷһ˫˯ۣ˿ԼĻȫţȻֵط˯ˡ
Щͷߴٵģһ˶ˡ
ҶӴ˻ԴЦ˵ԭΪ˯ţû뵽
Ǹ߸ϵԽһգĴ󵨳ҼҵĶǰϴ飬õҲ֮ǰµġ
ݵλӵֻڷüƲ죬ǵռ˲ʹ죬Բòǰôһ¡
Ϊ˽죬˺þƣװװӣҲźȼȳԹǾˣȸ˵ôһٷĹҪҲʹ죬ȥһҲ㲻ʹ졣
ôʹ취ҶбۿֳḡЦ
Ҷ˿һߣ󡣵ʱϹԹԵҲͰˣҪǸҲϣǿҲҪȰѷԲˡ
ơЦˣЦʮֲá


14 
Ϊд¹үǰ˼ѼԼһȵȡ
СֻҶ죬˽⵽ԼҹүëԲµĲɫʱЩƷʲãֻһգĻȫôҶġ
ŶˣһСˣռҵġ
õһƽʱ᲻ãڹСȰϴɾÿˮ顣
ϰʮˣֻƿϵȵĺþƣһӣͶһַҶ衣
ΪǰôҶûٶͣСƺţԲԲҲûʲôҪˡ
˷ҶѾȵɫͨ죬ҡҡλεЦ˵磬Ǿˣ˾͵Ҽ
仰˵û˻ݱһ΢Ц
Ҳ˳ֺǺǵǶӣǼҹشȥǲϰߡҵĻ࣬Ҳ߲ҪԵСˣֻ˵ʱҸӹȥ
˼䣬ҶҪվסݸϽԸƽүȥȻ˵žҪȥˣʱҹܼң͸ֻҿ˭˵лȥŮҲǹģ㲻뿴ѵ뿴ô
նһЦֲ֧ҲЦͻȻһ£ԸӣݴĵУ·ϳԡҿŮڷϲôӣһ϶ġ
ƲƲ죺á
նɱŻȥˣֿһ˵ʲôӡ
ֺúע壬ָޣʻϪ塣
ŮŮΪƺȵ̫࣬Ҫȥ˯һ˯ǰԸնѼʰһ¡
նǸТ˳ӣ˵׼ɻСʰ˵ģЩŵ·ʹ򿪹ţһҲûҵ
ȥתһȦˮҵˣͷѾϴøɸɾֻǻû
Сڿ졣նһ䣬ҳõӣԺ˨ãȻʪ·ȥ
һҶһ˫۾ȴ˯ЦݣղŹں棬ͬ˵ʲô
˵ǸѵһĺŮǴϪǵһںŪȻ󿿵ϣѰ˸ƣһ·˯ȥ
ǺǣȻġҪΪ㣬ҲŲʺĵط
죬˯ľôؿһۡ
ֻԼǰסأһӿүүߴɣ˵ǼҵֻĶ˻أ˼ҵرҶࡣ
ŶãͿˡ֪ģΪҶʲôء
Ҷ˸ǷƤ˵Լˡûжֻʾһ¶λϷŵеģҪԼá
ȥιҡҶ̱λϣָʹ
ݵķӦǰһգװԼѾ˯ˡ
Ҷ˰ΣûκֻԼĸ첲ĺӣһԵ˴УŸовټ
죬૵Ȳ衣
û
ҶԼöֵ裬Ҷһ͸˯ȻױȲϴվݵļ룬һҲ
ǣݵļϣҲ˼ļܲܳͷִǷһգ˯ˡ
ݱģԼһͻʹԼȥݲ裬̣ƽȣ˯ˣżһͷ˦˳ȥ
Ҷ꣬ͷײαڣȻڽαλ֮ǴСķ϶
ЦǣȻûѣôֹ˯һ·
һʱصҶҶ軹˯Եɵɣƽ΢һ㡣
һѣ͸о۶ϹװƵģۡ
ô£Ųݣۡ
ȥ֪أ޹΢Цſҽٸһξͺˣȱ˵ﻹȥ밲ء
үҰŪŪƽϽŽż⣬ŵĲӰ
ƽҽټһʱûעϵأҶɱؽŷ֣ܰˣȻʹڡ
Լ£ԸƽȥõĴ򡣡
ǣȥƽȾܡ
ҶȥԺ밲ֻҶ̫̫ڣ˵ҶүȥȾˡ
Ҷ̫̫ʰæòˣռʺ˼䣬ҪˣæأǸ·ҲˣȥЪš
صСԺСҰѴӼĶ͵ȥָװһմӲ˵￳߲ˡ
ҶûݣΪƽѴˣøϽһԼĲӡ
еعһ磬ϣҶүؼˣһãҶĲҲѾָ
ԺõģҪվڸǰˣ˳Է
Ҷڶ뷹ʱҶ̫̫ڣݣҲԡ
ˣһֻҪǳԵúãǿԼءЦαš
ȴʲôԣǸТ˳ͻݵġ
Ҷ̫̫˵úϲ£죬Ӳ£һԡ
ţ˭ԸվأȵлȻӳԷ
극ҶүҶȥ鷿ҪһЩ顣û¸ɣҶ̫̫˵˼лͻԼСԺ
£軹ûһյҶ̫̫͹ˣ߸ŵ֡
ݼæַԸСȥ²裬˲裬С˵ţҶ̫̫ݵ֣ڳһ̸ļơ
ҺүҪˣҾͽˣүҲһ㡣ǸúӣչүǷĵġҶ̫̫˵꣬Ѵ˱ϣʾݽӹȥ
ģһүչ˵׵ݺĵر֤Ŀ⿴˱ûȥã¶Ϊѵɫ
Ҷ̫̫е֣ǲûһûߣָٸ㽲
ҡҡͷƺ˺ܴľһ㣬СʣѼҹܵúܺãֻҪͲʲôӡֻǡǸϱᣬǲҹ̣ܽҪܰǵһңǾ͸ˡ
ŹܼҵͷﲻǵЩԼ̵ͷã۸ӵģ߻ΥԸȥ飬Ҳ뷽跨ۿۡ
ңû˸ݷʣŲֳֺõ顣
ҪôһҲŲҪôҶܣֻԼԺúȺþˡ
Ҷ̫̫Щάֲסϵı顣
ΪԼùˣȥʣĸǶϱһţ̰ѹܼҽģ
룬ݾȻҪǵ
ǩ
лҪ˵
΢һ´٣ǰҲ޸ˡ
ҵûȡã|ȥ׳дʣڸĳСҡ


15 
Ҷ̫̫Ų裬ûлشݵ⣬ƺڳ˼
վĵЩվסˣʹ˺üɫȥһȥ˿ɾ̵ֻˡ
Ͼ˭ǵ˭ǵ죬ǵ
ŵǸʵ۲̫༱ģǺЦҪҲֻȨ֮ƣˣһһŲٵĶ
Ҷ̫̫²յЦ˵ҵĶϱô᲻㣿ҲֹŰ̫ţֻҪѼҹܵúã˭ﲢҪֻһ㣬ͺô£
ûʵʲôô£
Ҷ̫̫ƺЩ˼˵Ťͷ˵һ񣬵ЦţС̣ŶˣҲˣϲȴûء
ֵĻ䣬Ҷ̫̫ϽЦŽӻԭҲӦģϱƤһͻߵ˵ֻҲһ˵ģֻпͺɪгҲߵðġ
Ǹ˲ţ
֪λش⣬ĻϽ˳װһߵ˵ģֻܵͷһԡ
Ҷ̫̫Ҳ벻С޵ķµ׳ʲô⡣ͬʱ־ԼЩ죬ֻҪף˯һŴϣ綼Բģɡ
Ĭ˰죬ݻǲ̧ͷҲ˵һ֣Ҷ̫̫ЩȤˣЪŰɡ
ֱʱݲŴͷվӺߺ߰˵
ĿҶ̫̫͵ֳԺţԶȥӵı飬
Ҳ֪˻ǹģᵽҪҪ
ߣͲͲˣûƾҶ̵ݣƲסˣ
Ƶػݣʰ̫̫ȹĲյС߻׼ߡ
ݼˣЩ棺Ҫʲô
ȹӣ¸ºô
лżϹ߲ã΢һͣ˰ɣۡ
СЦЦﲻͣ
ûãҶ鷿길׵ѵصСԺ
һС̷Ļ˲裬Ȼһ˵ȥ
ݼûӱغһ
ˣҶֵϴŵЦҪ磬ҲЩЪţȥͷء
ʲôͣҪءΪûҪ˵ﲻ̫ʹ죬һҶ裬̲סҪ
룡ɱңۿɾǰһȴ˱ʣŵҶϵЦݶ˵ϣһŵ顣
㣬鷿ûУ
ûС
ǲˡֻйһ˳ﻹҪء
Ҷŵõһ֮£Ըȥ٣ҡ
ΪҶүӴӦģҲֻ΢һ
úõģôֱأ
㡣ݻ˻ʹʹذʺͷϿۣ˵ûԲôˣʵǲġ
ݿɲԭʵͽӣҶûҪ̫ʵ˵Ĳ˵˵ľͲ
ֲȥҶ̫̫ʡ
˭룬Ҷ⻰ĻŭٺٺٵЦţʮҪǿЩң¡ҲüϴȥŶһϵʱ乻Բüصķˡ
ǡǣ޵´һС㣬ҲҸģԼΣüأҲ·ͷ
⸱СеģҿڳԣΪԼһҹߴɣʵ˳Ц
Ҷ˲¹˵ϣ
ҧýģȭͷݿϣӵȥúһ£Լܲһҹüأ
ݲ֪룬һתһƲߡƲҪҶϡ
үЦúᣬεεģȥһůƻСͷ˶Ƶġ
Ҷļһ䲻غˣղŵĻɵ˾⡣
ʲô£Ŭһµģ
Ǽѳɷޣһ壬ܲأֻǣˣʲôãǴСֹߵЩݣൣ
˵ţ齣ҪиԴ˱ʾԼ֣¡
ûȥҶһסԼһţԵ˵˽һЩҲ޷㲻̫⡣
Ǻǣү룬Ҿͷˣ治ҵ䡣죬סԼħ΢Ц
Ҷ豻̩̲ͨסЦңĶȥôõˣ
ɲôʮţſ˵ˣǸҲҲڶ
ҶֵҲűֶյһڣȺ˾ƻҪܡ
ݿһѻ˽εε˵ȵˣһúùżЩ´үСԡ
ˣҶֻݵֱһΣҹ§һšֱϵƤĥ۴С
û뵽ݻԶͶͱʱҶϴ㣬ȫѪҺӸӲˡ
Ħݵļɵ㶵شӱӦһţ
ԣݰְϣģϻأ罻ֻÿӾͺá
ݵڶӵĳŵġҶԼʲôǵˣϡͿʹӦˡ
Կأ
ϡ
ҶȵĺݵĲϣ¶̵˲ҪסܣɿشԿףȻһѣЦЦ˵үԵһ
ȻֵֻС񣬷ɽ䡣
ûˣҶеһʧ䣬ûʧ߳ݻﱧϻӣ첽߳ţСңŵҵļױȥǵá
ţţ»صҶߡ
Ҷ˿֪ԼʧȥʲôֻϾҪԸóˣЦеؿݣһΡ
£գգۣʣүֱϵ˺ûҿҲãһֱǹأƫƫƤֲ˼ʳڡ
ʱץҶֱšҿ֣ƽʱôʹãټҶӶҪһЩǡǡþ͸סˡ
ҪȻһҶ̫̫Ƽ⸮ˡ
ҵҲⳤģôͲ֪Լˣ󻹸Ҳҡ
ҶԹԵ֣Ϊݺһḧο죬ʾԼĺί


16 
СǼ߻ͷΪŸүݲ裬Ҳûüʰôϡ
סҶ֣ظ£ָ⴦ᰴ˰
ģ޹ǣô£Ҷ˾ȼ˻ǵ＾ԭ|ͷڽӶһ飬Ҫѳֲסˡ
үȱۣһϲ
ݵֽһ˿ζͷҶħ䣬ԹԵر۾£૵ɿЩ
ЩƣֻҪһ뵽ں氮Ϸڼ͵ͬʱһЩġ
ģܿ졣ݹһЦ
ϲķһ飬Ѱʹõ˼ֻҪһţҲû
ղȥ䣬ݲҶıϻҳˣͬʱµϲһͬ˳
Ҷۣȷɿسϲִȡһ룬Ҷָͷ׼ȥʱðһѪ
Ҷ͵ۣҽոεСֵҲ˲ήˡ
վݰӻȥɿؽԼһɹֹ
һźүôˣ
û£Сߵˡݰش
Ŷ˿ĬĬ˻ȥ
Ҷһѳܻ㣡
ʲô㣬СЩ̹ȻȻץֵָʹͷѪϲӣ˷һΡ
˵ҲΪá˵ˣҪǿϲͲˡæͣҲ֪ͣʲô˼Ƿһ壬Բǳ£ֻҪУԽԲڡȻųŶͣТ˳ϱҲΪһ£˵Բԣ
Ҷ輸˵һ塱ʣʹʹѣͷѵ״̬һ룬ܾÿֻҪ˵ʣͻᷢô顣
ҪʲӰˣ
ȻΪʲôԼ֣Ҷֲɵӣ˿عζڸʲôá
㿴ϸݾԼһֻ֣ҶǰֻΣǲǺܰףۣһһڣðѪ
ҶƵؿֻ֣ɫѿ
ЦѾˣӺɷ򣬲Ҫ̫ƽЩϸڣҺĿһµģùߵǡ
Ҷ˵ʲôˣֻƹˤˣȰѵӦߣʱͳ£֮Ҳ
ݳɹؽϲˣ͵ԺȥҶ̫̫ĿӵһʱŹſҪЪˣϲϵѪҲˣŰϲģԸ͵Ժȥ֡
յϲ򿪿˿Ȼϲ̵ȥ̫̫
Ҷ̫̫׼ưޣֵߵ䡣
ֹϲЦ̫̫ĸոġ
Ҷ̫̫һʱ˼·ûףʣʲôģ
үϵġüۣ⶯˰ʾԡ
Ҷ̫̫Цˣֽӹ˿Ȼ󽻸֣˫ֺʲ˰ݣ̾ҿˣҲõˡѾͷǸõģֻǳԿڴСûƽʱҲû˽̵Щˣ
ӦǡҴ˯ˡ
Ҷ̫̫صԷԻû˯ŵҶү˵үȢϱô
òϺҲ˳ֿТ˳ǡҶүƾվź˼ٷ͵óôһۡ
Ҷ̫̫ͷҺү뷨һģһѾͷȻʮ壬ͷȴǸģܼô飬һ͸Ƚүˣִ꣬ǼԽԽ
˵꣬Ҷ̫̫ЩȡԿȥԼӣŪһƬ
ҶүüҹģŪʲô
ˣҶ̫̫ҵǸϻӣŻصǰȻöϱܼң˵һźãȻôϽƵס
ҶүӲĺԺЩ飬ֻ㣬Щѵˣ˯Ҫ𡣡
仰Ҷ̫̫ھ˰͹ȥݵģҲ⣬ȷŵϣ˵

ҶݲףͰƣһ϶
Ĺĵģ£Ҫһ
ͬʱﻹţֻȡЩѪѣۼѪѼѪǿԵģٲãԺôѾͷ˭Ĳȡ
⼸ֵ̫ϡűΪͷˡ
ԽԽߣ޲̺ݴһܣúֵֻۡĻᾪʱ֦ǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ݲŲأ˯徻ھ
գ컹δǾǰˣջźϴһƬææµµ
ù緹Ҷһ·ѵ͵ͷϧ˺ܾãŴԶȥŴظ
սţҶ趸ȻˣˮˣҲˣЩҲӿɰ˳ˡ
֣ԾԾԵؿݣȻǰ죬Ҳûʲô¿ɸɣݲ
Ǽ٣Բ档
ݲŲϵǺһЦүҪˣֻȥЪţһء
Ҷе֣ʲô£
ƳһۣҲں˿̻ڸǰѵôͲˣ˭ܵģҲЩ£緹𣿡
˵⻰ǺеģΪ𴲣־С˵
֣Щ˵Ŀ뷨
ҶûϵݻͻȻǵ˵棬ϹҲסͺüëһ۾һɣһţҪȥ˭֪
̸ǰȴŸߣͺһҲ֪ҹܼҵ࣬ҪȻҪȥ׷ϵ
Ҷ˲ˣΪݵüëñߣ۾Ҳɵñ󣬾ҲߵһһٵҵԴġ
Ųܼأ࣬Ȼϣַ仹ôأңΧ⼸ˣûһվ˵仰ġ
˶Ҷֻ
ǲҪǵű׽סˣ˭ǸӸû룿
Ȼ̼޽û죬̫˽ƢԣҲ֪Ǻ˳Ļϵġ
⿴ǰһĻү治ɫЩ˵ѵү󲻳ɣ
һẹ̈ô죿
ǶΨΨŵŵܰүҲƴصͷȥʱѿ뾽ȡ
ΨС˲ͬĵذݵ䳶ֳƴʹɫ۾ˡ
ͷ˸ıСҵ뷨ΪСҵĳЩ˼ģŮѿĹ裬Ժ
ֻܼװҲСҵЩС


17 
ߣ
ð죬ҶŴӱһ
ɨһߵˣǶͷԼǹѿҲɢһЩ
ʶȤҿүҵЦʰǡ
ҶֿݣݻǸ΢Цģȥֶˣʵ˾Ǹ̿ӡ
һ㣬Ҷոġ
ЩƽԲҲͰˣ˲ȵ˵ȴȥһߣԼϼѣȺСƣٽмԱߴһ¡
ЩӣҪȥߡҶƣǮ
ݿ쵽ԼƤӵµֻģЦˡ
촽΢΢¶Žݣ˸ޣȻգ۾Цеү˵Цأӣ
Ҷģɵطһŵģ
ݽһЦһΪģǮѾˣͬҵǷݣһ׵ĵطƽʱױȥŽӦȷ˵үͻȻزҪӾʱ򡣡
ȿȣҶʾԼ
ֻЦЦü䡣
˾ôֲ£ҶûʲôģֻúƤһΣĶˣԼȥãͶ㡣
㡣
ҶһͻȻ䣬ûôˮûô壬ҲǺܺ죬ЩȵǣôĿɶ
ߣֻ˦˦ӣȻ̤鷿ȥˡ
Ҷǰ˲飬㹻ĥһյġ
ݿȥ鷿ŷԸƽȥ֪ͨˣͥԺＯϣлҪ
ƽɱȥˣʩʩȻ̧ˡ
СҸղЩԼﻵûˣϽỌ̇̄ҲùЩү棬򳪸ǳദ֮үģ
ن¡ݽ²ͣһ£ʲôͷ˵
С֪Ҫ˵ģҲֻͣʱٶ໰
վͥԺһֻϡϡļˣվûվ࣬ŤŤġ
Ҳû˵ʲô̶ӣһˡƹܳոˣ˳
Ҷ̫̫һߣԺＸźѾͷˣֻϲԶŵĵֿԺӡҶүҲ˼СˣվģܹҲʮˡ
ЩͷҶߵСˣǰŵģһغŵӣﻹһֵѾͷԼĺСңе֡
ˣؿ˴һۣЦǸչŵϱûǴ󣬽ҶʱҲûǳԡǲҵ¶أ붼ѵҪɽȥô
ƤЦؽӻ⻰Щˣһæأﶼ飬һʱ˵ңղڸѼӰëһ룬ҵǺ޲ܷɹֻϧֻѼϷߡ
һЦмҲźЦֻиղżʶѵүǲЦ
ͥԺ鷿ԶҶ鷿ĴԴ￴֡
ݾؿǣСһ䣺˵ǲúţЦʲôЦ
ҡͷ̾СѾͷ̫̫Ƕ˵ЦģôƫƫͲ˴ڴأ
һ̧̫̫СҵƶʱˣŲһ
Ƶشͳ˵һһʮţӭŷ磬˶ֽţ죬࣬ڰ޳ʱʹõ
ӣǶʱ缦ֻʣһԱﻹܶǰߡ
ԼЩšתһ룬᲻þʹ˵ͷǶûӡ
Цһ£˵̫̫أҲģ̫̫ʱѼܵþֻ谴վһһȥˣ۲˵̫̫к֮ǰһģһ̫̫ҲһТ˳ġ
ǣǵݻظĸأ
ֻôһСݾ̵ʶԼֵû˵ʹࡣ
СȻģֻһӣ˵Ҷ裬ͱñȻҪʵ
ݼʹǵţ˫ȭѵƣ϶ҧټϡҶֻֻ֪ƵԱ߿֣ѹûվѹ
ݳ˼ϣ˵ڽͷһأЩ˵ģҲͲ׷ˣ»ٷֱӿ۵µĹǮ
ֶ˶еֽţҲˣܣֻҪҷԸȥ飬ִֻУҪΪʲôҲҪģûҪҸֽڣҲЩģҪǲʤݻ˵Һþۺɢ
ϹҲסоԼ˲ڽŵˡ
ƹų飬һֺ÷ˣ̫̫ǿͿġڼЩֻ˲ˮͨ˲ͬǻһյġ
мһˣ䲻˸˵СĽɻʹţֿʼݡ
̣𶯲˵۹ǮĻүֵ̫̫ź˰뱲ӣ̫̫Щ˵ģ̫̫ƣŷƽʱʹ;ͲˣϺҪʺǼء
͵Ҷ̲סڴ濩Цֻ͵͵
ƪκһעϱˣҲֻԼҸ̨µķݶ
Ǹʲô
ȥͼ
ҪĿ꣬ԼúãԵúãúãסúãúãҪǱЩ˸סˣʲôֿԣ
ģӻӣҪôֵõһָֻţ˵ģôܸɣôأ
ݰȻ㲻ֵ£̫̫ҲУʰĶգ·ϸһϣû׼ڰ׷̫̫Ĵأ
ﱻҭ˺һӣҪȴڨڨر졣
̫̫ȻƵģײͬǼƽϣүһүͷЩլ顣
Ҫôçײҹȥүضü˸״浽ˣͬǰ󡣿ңͷֲȱӣȥʲô
յĽǲ̫̫|ȱүˡ
˾㶼ͷһ²ؼģһǹԮģԽż޺үүҪΪ
ӦģǴһϵ
Ҷˡ
ūҪЮʱ򶼲ϳ֣ˡ
ǺǡЦЦְһ壬ԸƽƽһȥҪġ
˶ηָһ㣬˵˾ˣЩٲúñ֣Ҫɨس˰
û˸ղŵ磬ӣЦʮģֺôݼ䣬ȴÿ
ɣǶȥøԵķ¡
ǩ
лҪ˵
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹѻ 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


18 
Ƿ׷ɢȥԥһ£Ҫȥ׷ݡ
һסȰҲ̻ʱǰΡѳãֻҪ̳Եøˣվŵĵط
죬л֣Ȼسȥˡ
ݽݺһյȻĽйϴѵʱִ껹ùӴ򣿡
Ϊһֻϴ»ˣеò׼Щ˵ϴ·ʽ
ģǵѲ϶ִֻܽꡣǵѾûôིˣϴ°һٴ̸ɸɾ
šݵ˵ͷȥùҪơ
Ȼ֣ҲҶʣתȥһ
ݽӵ˵࣬ϴ°Լа۳ֵλϸЩʺץգҲոպã£ú˳֡
ⶫǾ˵㡣ݸпȥǰԺĸСˣµϴ°ˣ򼸸űá
Ӧȥˡ
СɻݣҪϴ°ʲô
ЦЦʱгܽýŲȰɣŪҵ廨Ь»ҿҾһӴȥܽԴ
鷿èſҶ裬ͻȻ˸սֻԼˣæһ¡
СһΪг棬Ц˵ﾰºãлȻó档´ο˾ͽңһŲ
ЦЦ豭˵
СҳĲڣֿʼĳȰˣ̱һ࣬ʵǲӦԴүүӣǰ˺󶼵þţΪȡ
ͣͣ߶пգȥһҵļױ
ݵļױ࣬˵ְҶ͵Ƹóˣд󲿷ֶǳʳݴߵҲֻһͷ棬ƥ״ƷԼѹǮ
͵ߵһֻйֻӰǽǡ
һֻҶȥļƥϣһֻǰİ˳µľȹ
һĥԼҶ׬ĶһԶһѾȹ棬ȻϸϣԿԼš
ӵķԼǵϻϻ˫رϣɱ׼Ҷˣ˯Żûעʱ򣬰Կ͵ô죿
˰ҲûõطܲԿ׵ģȰһֻӵԿ׽Сң˵ҿš
Ҳû취£СǸˣҲ㹻ģ˵ʵںϲ
볣һ˵̵ߣңһҶִСҾƫģֻһȰҪ
Ž˸ֻҪ˺ѾͷСҾ͵ˡ
ϾԼҴģǸĵģøһĲʹŲñƲԣѼױСұܣõİ취ˡ
ССؽӹԿףжòˣ̷֤ģһúÿţ֤һ˿١
ţȥ緹ûҪܰڷˣү÷
ݶԽ䣬ڸһѵĵص㡣
ϲعض˵ǽ͸գֻڴһǳӣöٰשͷһѴ濴ʲô
ֻһԿףǽڿδ̫ڴߣϸϸһ飬̰봲֮侹ȻһССķ϶պһСԿףһƣȡʱָֻһͳˡ
ݷźԿףվ֣оԼǴˡ
ݴǡҶմ߽˴˸棬˭ҲûȳǲԼͬڷǰ
ҶԼӣûȥ档ǹŶˣҲϷ˵˵˵ˣ˭Ҳֵڡ
һƬĬУѾͷ緹
ƨ|ճڵϣһҶ迴һۣҲû˵ʲô
ȷһһںãѾͷǶȥˣﻹ᲻ߣվԱ߶߶ؽŲɫ
ү̣ˮѼרİѼǮҲȱѼӹʱڣǳѼĺʱүǳźϿڣ컹ˡ
ԼҲҲȻﻰĶү̣۾ȴһֱݵġ
ϾңղɢҲӱˣ̿ɲˣѵү
ٹ£βͼеýģҲֺõЦ
ûֻѼӿúϸ
Ưİ״ӣһ߰ѼͷһǲŵѼȣмпһѼ⣬µƴӡ
ִһڳƺһֻ˭Ҷ̫̫ѧܼңۿ˱Ժ󣬾ͷЩҪˮǿɾ̫ˡ
˵ӺǵĻʳǷֿģҶ̫̫µĹأÿ⣬Ҷһʮˣÿ⣬ǴºܺƵˣϾʱǳ
ˣʮ춼δܳһ⡣һЩ˼ңԴ˺ͨҲʮŸһԡҶ̫̫ĳġ
һĻʳأǼѼ㡢Źǻ֮滻ҶүҶ̫̫ҶһҲֻĸӡ
ôĸӣÿ챨ĲҪݣûֻֻ˵㣬һֻֻҲܳԲԵ꣬˵ڶգֻˡ
ݹ۲ˣҶү֣ʵ⻹治ôУֻһƬζͰˡ
Ҷ̫̫ʳҲΨһܳԵֻҶ衣
Ҷݵֻͣܳ˶ԣټӶˣֻһҲԲôˡ
ôȥأ
Ҷ̫̫ƣˣÿشӷҪԸһǰЩ˷˰ɡ
ջۣЩѾͷҲˣΪ˰
ʣķ˾ͻᱻͻصЩģװ룬ȻţûԼҡ
Լ˳ԣ͸ͬݵѣһϺõ˶ǺġһǮ͸Լһ顣
սҶһ꣬ﻹǺСĽģҶ̫̫ķˣм㡣
źʱԽã˽⵽̫̫һֲôƽϵ֮ĵӷˣһͬĻԼļˡ
ѾЩʣʣؼңҪܱۻӣǸöð
ǣÿķˣҲԵĻȫˮͰʾ֭˼ôʹԼĺɰһ㡣
ֻڼ۸򣬱ȷ˵һֻҪʮͭ壬͸Ҷ̫̫˵⼦˲𣬵ûʮͭ
أҶ̫̫Ϲһ飬ֽŸӷſˣ̵˶ȥִӵض˻Ҳ۰
ôõĲ˾ôˮͰ̫ϧˣҪܱɸӽԼǲźأ
ǣڱ߼۸ͬʱֿʼڷϴ¡ȥҪֻƫƫֻֻƴ̵ʱ򶯶ֽţ׾ͰӸŪȥˡ
ҶѾʮ꣬ŹܳݲʹһӷʵͣŮҲСһϴÿ춼欵ġ
˵̫̫Ůɣ͵ġҪô˵ԼҧأúüµǮŮðġ
ˮ㣬֪ģֹӵɵӺŪԼ̣ҲŽơ

Ź֣


19 
ֻ˶ѼӷӣҶ谤סӾҪȥѼԡ
סʣʲôûֻѼȴСһ
ҶĿɿڴԸѼӶѣô۲ôϸ
һͻɫʱЩˡ
ӣȰѰѼȴһʺܲο仨ڷŵλúѼȶסһ롣
ţְЩڷŵøߵʹѼһƿƴͼƵģյڵλãһƴ
΢΢˻Σɫʼס
ò˵ǳۣСȵѼⱻ߼Ƶģڷŵһһͣ˿ռѧ֪ʶһڣֻѼڳֻЧ
û˿ȥĻѷʲô
ǺǡݰѿһӣЦſѼҲ֣ҪȻĵʵƴƴȥȻƴΡ
ȣҶصؿһٶϲ̨档
Ϊӣôܺ˽ƽϼأ̰죬͵һ飬ҲֻڰԶαô£
ĺðһ亹
ͷһӣǰרڰ¹̵ĹʡˣֻҪ۵ļλڣ˭뵽ʵֻаֻأ
ؿҶһۣɤӲǾͲܳˣϻ𣬶Ե˰ɡ
Ҷذתһ룬ֲⷹģҪ޾ֻǰѿһϷ
ôһ룬ͻָˣһ˿˿˷ܣܺϡ
ܰ˵ƿԣԼһ
ݲÿأʾصעֻѼȣƣѼȾȻһһСһһݡ
ףҶүݵĻȤ˿Ȼһ£󲻳ʣֻѼӵʱ·ǲһȳһյģ
ݺСһЦˣΪҶ⻰ʱ򣬱ʮ棬֪ĻΪء
˲ǳɫѼӵ˰ٰʮ顣
ﲻһûӵˣȻôЩҲջ˷ḻˡ
񼦡ѼණֻֻҲҪ໨СǮһȣܴյģ
ȻһѼȴֻһⲻλεظ߱ˣڸô
ҲǵùǸݻĵƫƫҲСһµֻܽŸһСЩġ
ҪǻҶ̫̫עЩѼһǾ͸޶֤ˡ
ĨһѶͷϵ麹ڨЦŽү˵ЦˡѼӶйһȺָֻֻһָϰȻ׽ץסһԳᵽɱˣ·ʲôӵġ
Ҷ豻Ūȥˣ˵ͷ׷ʡ
΢ЦŶĿȣڨЦֻѼƲأŵģϵҪʵһЩŻһһС
С⻰һ
˭ûѼأôûƲӵģʱСҲڸֻүûҲ˵ʲô
ҶȲֵĴȻ˵е˵ͷһ˵ƲӣѼҲеģ֮治а
Ƚſʼټ˵̸Ѽӣæתƻ⣬ָһ˵̣˵ˣշء
ݲھͷΪ˶СҵǻᣬҪźԼҲû취ô˵ķʳ
ߣԵЩˣҶ̫̫ʾȻġ˰ˣȶ죬˺õĳ´㡣
ӣˣ㻹ȥһԣ
үáͲãٴȥҪˡ
ݼֻЩѼȣŽҶֻּģŵԼ
ҪСһֻȶ͸
Ҷ򴽣˵һ־һͬһ⣬˵û˼ġǣͷʵʵؿ
극Ҷ迴ڶݣ
һֻ໨յֳĵӨ΢΢ͷü´ģԵ쳣˳ССڵغŲ裬һ˿ˮ󣬿ȥ|ˡ
Ҷ趢ĲյĽ¿ˮ
ҪЪ˰ɣ
ݺȲĶһ٣̧ЦЦؿĲ
Ҷؽֱ
ҪڣȻıϴ°վſڣЦų̣ˡ
ݸϽ²յ
Ҷ谵һƽĽʣϴ°ʲô
Щȣ벻㻹ʶ
Ҷ費֪ʲôһ˲ĲȻϽͷȲΣӦ
ЦЦûȥֽӹһϴ°ϱȻ˼£İѶõڷźá
Ҷ̧ͷһЦģ̽ſڣ
ݻڻӰӣָУԱ㽫ܰʹû硣
ҶʧҲԤ֮Уû̫ɥֺõЦ˵ڼҿһ飬ȥһߣɢɢġ˳ͬѣǳԶپϯ
ģȥһ֮ȥȥò˵
ҶҪˣҪӣ˺
һ³ȻЦҵĺˣҪµײˡ
ӴݺЦؿôû뵽ȥ֧أӶģαعʲôµײ˵Ĺء
Ҷûеķػشֻ֣Ҫǲֵúһ㣬ôϰʣµҲأңǶΪһǸûӵˣȻȥ֧ӣû׼Ϊ˽´ʲôմ˶ĲҪǴ롣
㻹֪ôؼȻˣΪӸӦϸأҪʱȥ֧ӣѱ˽ͷ֧ϼ̸һ·
ȻģֲɵӣܴİԼӻ˲ɣҶһЩƮƮȻʱĵ׳˼֣ǸԺҲˣžСôµ㻨Ǯأ
Ҷ֮ǰÿµ㻨ǮǶʮ׺Ҷ̫̫ᵽʮǸŮˣҪȥӦ꣬Ҷ̫̫µǶʮ
ȻȲҶ裬ƾ˵ʮѾܶˣ˼һ굽ͷ治¶ء
֧ҲҪд˱ģǰҶ̫̫ÿ¸ӷ㻨Ǯ˱Ȼ졣
ЦЦû˵ôûеģô¸¿ʼ𡣡
ΪʲôҶһ
ô֪أ￴ǶкԲµİɣ
һشһ߼趯ϴ°


20 
Ҷ˵µ㻨Ǯûˣ̴ͷɥ
ȥ׷ʸֲҶݷƢΪϴ°ԽԽˡ
һָоһӾͻͷϣĻ
ֻܳƿһһµİ취ܼңԤ֧һ¸µģаɣ
ǺǡݳһЦа֧һǰɣǾʮŤͷԸСңȥʮүء
СǺ޲ܸҶŪλÿ춼ҪİһݵģݵĻȥˣŲæ³һ͵ү
ܿ죬ȡˣһʮӣ⻹СģСҸհѶŵϣҶҪãȴһֱ㼱ʲôˡСң㵽š
Сҳȥϴ°һʮӰεԼǰдǵ׻˵зݣҲû㻨ǮģѾǰ֧ˣҾͲ֧ȡˣȻöʹġһңûɣ
˲ֻʣҶɫһ䣬ҪƢȵ㿴ңҵ˵أһǸӣȴֻһֻӣ˼ҪЦġ
˼ҵѾͷȲûνģʲôϵأүҷһ壬ô߳ȥϾйô
˵Ǿ仰û޺޺³ԷҳԵúãúãЩүΰ
ĳĺʮֿУҶ룬Ϊ˵еֻʹУʮҸӵģʣµҾˡ
ָ쵽·ֱݳֱһģְǿ飬ץЦүȻͬѣȥڼﻮأţͷǶӣóƣǳԵþˡ
ֻʣ¿Ͱ͵ĶҶŭˡ
ܸʲô£һϯ㳪ļǲָˡңǳţڼأ
ϴ°һһ£ô棬΢΢ۣʣ˵뱳߸ʲô˵飬Բĵģ
˵ǸŮᣬҲǳ̬ҲǺҪģͬ⣬ȻͻᳳзرƴŮֹ¿꣬ûΪͷ
ҶǸˣȻҲģûãӾͺ֣ҪǴ˳ȥǲῴҵЦҪѹһŮˡ
ҶֻܰѸոŭһһ¶ǣɷ죬һŭ֧ϴ°ݾ
ôӣﹻʹ򼸵ϵֽûˡ
ģ鷿һѶ߹ˡүͷȴ£ԸٳһҲûûֽд֡ϴǣ˵޵ؿһֹۣϾҲûı£ֻῴддˡ
Ҷ㱻һѪ
ǿˣŮ˳ܸͲǿ
˰ˣһʮ͵³ʱʣµʮҲȥġ
ȥЪúָ̡Ҷվݺݵ˦˦䣬ȻӽȥˣϵĶӶá
ˣݲŲʵĺҶˣͷûǮʵ죬һǮβͶ졣
ǣİõذѶҲսԼĺɰһƵ˵ôϣ˼һǸСأ
ʮ꣬Сʲô
Ҷˣһڴǰˤһӡ
ڳЦԼûԲ𣿺Ÿѻ鸾˵ͷʵǸƻŮҶԽ룬ݾҧԽ޲̰ץϣһ̾ͱĸˡ
Ҳֻһѡ
ݵϴ°ӵòҶ˲СӰ̣˱飬ϴڴͷš
ʱһؾؼҺԽԽ
˵̫̫ǰ棬̫̫ڼѽ˵ҪײŻء̫̫˼ңһˣһǶϱƫһҲǺԵġ
ص̾˿˳ü
иˣúõģ̾ʲô˵ţվһȳһյ˲һȲ
иԭǱ˼ҵūţΪҪ·ӣʱӸߴˤ˸˽ŵëĲмūţмҿҪأǸ˼ӵǲɢѣ˳
ûκΣųȥһңһҾҵҶҶ̫̫ǰһʹޣ޵Ҷ̴̫̫ģ
裬ֳ̾һԹԭ˵̫̫ƣǸˣֺ޲Ӳһ̫̫һҲϣＱͰ͵ؾͷȨø۵ĴĶϱܼأ
иֺǺǵ˭ܼңҲžʲô
иɫԲ֣Ȼһû취ǮɿҶ̵ˮһӶʵòˡ
̿ɲһ㣬ѹںôҲûҪֻ۾ֻ˱ӣǴ³ģǮˡ
һȹ裬ȹüͭ壬ȥСӸŮţ˻ؼһˣлҪ˵ҵȥźˣñ˿ӣڱ˵һ
СԺȸĴЪûУĻش˵ûУЦ˵ͷȥͨһ˵Ҫ̡
ݲµΪĲɫģͽ
䣬ֻһЦʣү˯ɣ
ʮֿ⸱Цģյָֻ֣ˡ
΢΢һЦǰôȥ
Ӵҵ̣ŵЦһĲ˵סҶҪĸˣ̻Ȥء
ɲǴȤ˵ǲȥźү˵ӣϸ֮ġ
ˣǸȤˡЦ꣬ذѲ˵ݹȥ̣Ĳ˵Ҫû⣬ҾͰȥˡ
ݽӹ滭ųļݣʻ㲻ʶ֣˻Ҳʲôĺ涼˸
սЦŽͣѼӺ㣬ŹˣĽգٸĽ⣬һһɽҩһѪ׳ˡ
ĽŹǣĽ⣬ݺҶһķ˵ˣĸˣҲδسԵꡣ
ʱģ˱˵öֵһᣬһֻ輸ͭѣǱ˵Ҳֻࡣ
Цֻ滹ɵأ


21 
ǰ磬ȥĽŹǣֻڻ̵ңȻû̫̫ôԣᣬֻҪԼ˵ͷͷǵӦҲѺŪ
ۿԳɫȽ̣ΪĽŹǾͺܶˣõĵطʵءȷ˵ͷβǶǹͷûʲôⲻ˵ӳԵģضֻѡмСһأôһĽҲ͸ոչһӶѡ
ݱЦˣǺǣ˵ҺүǳԵñȻʵۻҪϸ
ʵԶأǸ֪ÿʲôҲ˴뱲ˣЩͷҲֻү̫̫Լ̺үԵ¡ľˣȻóϸĶ
ԱվźСң̣ʵ̲סˣҲδ̫Щռҵʱϰ͹ĸ˳Ժüˡ
Сҹ˵ӣбۿСңռռңҶҶңռڻֵأܱȵү̫̫ƽʱһ̳ȥǼôͷƬء
ݰһѲյصطϣռˣ˭˲֪Ҳʲô˵ģŻû˵ʲô㵹졣
һʶԼ˵˻æЦ̱һʶҾһˣһȾͲ˵ء˵꣬װģشԼ͡
ٿ˵ӵϣ첻ˡҲŴҴһЩ߲˹Ժüġ⣬Ҽǵûʣ˴ҲŲһȾˡһѼƬֻһֻѼȣүѼ⣬ֻСѼ⣬ʣô࣬һһȶ˳ͺá
סˡ
ˣһͭ嶼̲ţôУ
̣˵䷸ϵĻ
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ＱˣΪʣµˣ˻سԼųһЩʣµĶˮͰȥ
֮䣬ﲻһеؽǰǹӵģҲүһ룬үûԹʣˣôүηһ㣬Щʣʣ͸أҪ̫̫֪ˣǻÿ
лʲôҪҪ⣬ʲôˣѵֻɣݻˣֱСңȥƣүǲһó⡣
Դ䣬ҶͶӺ͵֣⻰æŽŻصϣװԼڿ顣
Сߵǰ￴˿үû˯ݵĻظһ飺үǲǷǵó⡣
㡣ҾͳԣҲСҶ۾鱾װԼ⡣
Ǻǣˣ°ͣүСͳĺģͶԻûȤЩɫҶӡū˵үģһȰֻܳ⡣򶼲˵Ļ㰲ʲôģ
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Լȱ֣úҲҪأһҶϣǲָСƫԼ򼸸ĸڱС
ȥŽݷԸ꣬ͽ䣬װ˯Ҷ裬װˣ
ҶۣЩΣҪѾͷֻ򣬽Ҹʲô
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ԼҶʱֺһ˴һ߹ĵ˵ЩŮˣ¶ࡣ
ݲƽϣҶ贩룬£ҲʮѾͷԺ
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һ㶣æֻڳ֣ǶСҪ׵ģǵٵȼա֮ǰû˵һֻЩźŰæ˲ˮͨѾͷ
ݵͷʾ⡣
ʦҲǼ֣ۺʱεأ˲ǷȱģҪúõģˣҲ÷Щ˼Ѱء
ͷţֻҪʵݣ汾£Ѱ˾ơ
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ŸϽǱļ˰ڰ֣ʾվԺ氲Ⱥ򣬽Ų˽ӡ
Ҷһ£ϣżæʰҶֻ˵ͷȥ²
æкѾͷǣһλҶҵүǿү񡣡
Ѿͷ븣Ҷ̧ۿһ£ûһƯģ˲豭
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ѾͷǰȦȻָźȲҶ裬Ѿͷ˵ڣҪǵңǸأҼҵүҪеȥһڡ
ЦеģƮƮģ˶ΪԼˣ˵Ŀٸүиɣ
ţû⵨ӣбۿѾͷʧ
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һͬס˵ĻšŵۣԾؿһУûƽʱĻԲ
ǩ
лҪ˵
ӭղءԡţ


22 
һվзˣž˵ڶѧҶһ
ѾͷǰҶ跭˸İۣĸѾͷƲƲ죬صһ
ֻеѾͷѰ·ݵߵҶǰϥ˸ʲôҲû˵
صԭλʱ˷ԼͷΪԼоųɵĻܱСϾĻˣĸɵǰУԼֵ˹ɶ£ôܲأ
ݿ˴ҵı֣˾ţǰĸ£ҲҪ
ʯƵģȫûӦҶͬ˵
ҶѾعͷһֱˣֱǰϲȣûˣ
Ҷ׼һʱؿһۣƮƮط˸ţ
Ҷش˸ͷһػصԭλޱȹ˳Ҳ֪ΪʲôôһۣһҲҶ
ҲΪԼĵޣҪһأϾǸ̿ӣëδֵá
Ҳǰɫ֮£ֻҪ˵һĸԸſʯȹ£
ֻΪ˻ûԵŶݡ
Ҷ費Ŀ˼һɲȷġ
Ÿոմѹѵ¿ˮүʮ֪꣬Ͷ̫̫ǴҶģǡǡ
ûʵݴݣݾʹߴˣûҪǰĸӣ
ѾͷĹĵģû뵽ҶôʶҶүҲǸûֵģȻҶôһҲҿԣ
ŸϽñѡеĸѾͷǰһָűۣʮˣӣʮ꣬ÿСһЩʮģҶֻͺáҲ˵Щģⶼʵۣܹʮ
ݴһǮˣһžͿʼۣʮĸȫҪˡ
ӴȼܵĶ־ЦʮģҶЩˣһͽһ룬ⲻɣ򲻳ɵġ
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ĨĨͷҧҶ̣⻹ͷһظأҾͳЩֻԵһڼ۶ʮĸѾͷҶˡ
һҲССһ㣬⡣Ц˵ʮ룬İȲġ
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òһƷζصҶ̣һĸȫҪʮġֻǣҶҲ̫ˣļۿ϶ǲԼģ׬һʱ򣬾Ҫ׬Ÿá
вʣһ氵ԹݲԭȵҶ̫̫˵һ·ֻ
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˶ֺõЦ˵Ҷ˵ЦˣҶҴҵҶүǴʱҪˣǸȥǽ³
һɫҹȻŹ٣ÿٺ»ôһ㣬ҼҷӴȫӡߣϱҪľڼԼּеǼнɽɽҲǮˡ
һţҪ˵ݰڰִЩʹ˵ҽ治ġˣҲҪĸѾͷˣʲôԼɣʡһʡһ㣬ֻŹŻлܿһá
˵꣬ŤͷԸСңһǮӳЦеض˵һˡǧҿһǮźȲ衣ȻһǮ߹ˣôԼļױͷ˭ǳύأ
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һ룬Ҷ̻أֻñЦҶҪҽύǰ˱ӶβĸءҲգʮ롣
ǲҪˡҡҡͷ룬ʵòôˡ
Ҷ̣һ󺰣ЩЩȥֱǿҪ˵ļƣʮʮǰˡҪǻò⣬ҲҪˮǮ˰ա
ݻ˵ʮļ۸Ҳ֪ǰкܲãǱƵѽ
ǺǡЦˣЦֲãӦ˲ͺôα˷ѱ˴˵ʱأ벻˼һϲ
þȫżһЦ˭˭
ݵʾ£Сȡʮǩ
ߵʱѾָ¸ҵشӸʹ߳ЦŶ˵Ҷ̻ǰɣϣȻͷһѰõģ̴Ŀ
лҲޣֻҪʵΪ˱ֽ֣Ķζˡ˳»ҪȲġ
ǺǣҵҵһЦţһ˳ȥʣµļѾͷҶ
ĸѾͷվãݸȡµ֡
ΪѾһģݲûжֱҩȡΪҲվҶģΰȥǰġ̶Լ
Ҷ豾һ⼸ȡúãһʱĸѾͷĲغһ˦ӽ鷿ӡ


23 
ĸѾͷݶСңÿ˷ѣٴȥϴ衢ϴͷָףʰȻСңæһ|һ¡
Ҷ˱Ͳ࣬ԭһֻʮǷɢڸġĸ֮СԺһˡ
ݶĸѾͷ⣬ΪСҲ߱㣺ǳĻүҶ趼ÿվ
ȻⲢ˵СҲá
СǰһַӣռԺڿ죬ռ˵źΪռûŮˣԭĽһ⡣
һŮĸ׽̵Ů졢Ϊ˴£Լ׺Тšɷĵ
ָǲģҲûר̵ǣմɩʲãԴҪռҸ۵ũ
˽ŮЩǿڶഫģТţɷദҲŮܰӹá
зҶŮãҺܼܿһˣڹȥָ
մɩΪһ¸ˣܽʲôأֶϵһ
մɩϲݺСҽ£ͷһǣĳˣٰҽζûʲôЧӴԼĴϸһ⣬˵ҩӣڳɹκɷ
ҪȻǽһЩʱС£ĳλӲϹź÷ֲɷ򣬻ŰС檣һʵĴ죬һ׸ˣǽʮ˰Ŀ̣תֻһֻ˶ûõˡ
С£Ǹ¸˶˳˵ü˼ȻҲŮС£ʵᳫԲΪһԾ͹
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ȽˣҪĳһβôϱֻҪҽ⼸μ˿޵ĺϱˡ
ռҸˣʹģټҪæĻͲ֪մɩﶼЩ
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ڨЦеǣԶѾͷź˵ģЩпõҲ̣ӡ
˵ɣʲô£ݿɲҶ̫̫Ϊһоˡ
̣֮ǰðˣԭһءһȥϸ룬˵еԲˣֻҪȣûŻڶóҲӦõġ˷ʳҪã˭ҵҲǴġѾˣͲҪͷСҹˡ
Цһϻ̹ӹˣԼʵֻһˡ
ôʶȤҲã죬ϾСһʮ˵ķҲʵ̫ˣ򵽳ٰﻻ
аɣţҿľ㡣
Ҷź˴뱲ӣ˭ľĶûҵĴҪźһأСүһҪСүԵġ̾Ͳù۲ˣҲµĳαض˷һأ
Ļ䣬ûݿڣվȳҪҪˣֵõһָֻţ
ʣµ̶ĺͶҲǰһŭ
һģǴͻֻƣһͿأľöʹ
ػȥ׼ЦĸѾͷһ飬ÿʮͭ壺ԺǵǮߵСһÿٸͭ壬ʮ³ÿ³ŷǮʮͭҶ͵ģ㻨
˵΢΢Щ죬Ϊʱ˹ʵ̫ˣЩ๤꣬һӡ
һһ˲ŶǮҶ̫̫µǮ˵ǱȽϺ󷽵ˣ˼ҵˣǮûеء
ĸѾͷжˣгסдⷢǮܱҶǵĸ
ĸﺬᣬллٴαʾһԼġ


24 
ѾͷǮҪԼһʿ߹ˡ
˵ԴأԭҶֻ̫̫ҶӣбĲҵ˵µԼӣ涼ܲ
⼸طƹׯͷ˱ֱӺҶ̫̫˶ĿڸĿ֧Ҷÿ¸ǮһʮʮΪãĶ⿪֧Ҳֻƹ˵ƹ֧ͺá
ݰѽյĿ֧ϸ˱ϣĸѾͷʮӣдúֿ˿õǮܺãʮļûδ
Ҷ̫̫һСˣʱѾһ룬Ȼ˸¶ϱûǮĶӡ
Ҷ鷿סĥҪˣҲܺԲˡ
ݱֵЩɷԲ쾭£ʲôѵģ̫ɽȲعˡ
ſдд߽һƣʱЦ
˵ʶ֣ԭģֻдҲ̫ˡ
ŤͷŭĿӡ
Ϊһδϰëֵ˵дóʲôֵģ
ѱһõһôˣֻҪܿдʲôСһܺã˱
ҶЦ۾ˣ֣ҲŲܺԺ飬⹦򻹲һƪ֣ɱţ
ԼˣҶţ˿Ժһд˶ƪ֣˼ҳ飿
ҶֱĿǰΪֹֻԸһǿţס죬Ӵ˲Щ߶ڶɢүԺ֣Ѱôʹ찡ŲͶ̥˼һ
鱾һ֪ԼžȫսȻ鷿Ĵ³Իȥˡ
ȣȣҶܶ𣬡Ҷˣû
Сһ⻰תȥ˳Ҷ迴վһԵĴգ̲סһ䣺߶Ѿͷ㵹ãһӾ㲻ÿ𣿡
ΪʲôҪģֵؿҪǾźѾͷ̫٣ˣ˾ǡĸѾͷźңź㣬ⲻǸոպô
أֵҶˣǸҵģ
޵ؿĴһۣô֦ҶģҲŲҪҪģõ
㣬ҲʧΪһ׮¡ʱòѾͷŵ鷿ȥ붼
ǺǡЦˣȻҶģ԰˵ѾͷˣǰǣӸҡ
ҶŴЩ裬߷ߵ㻹˼᣿Ԥ֧ʮһӾʮֻʣ˶ң
˵ţԴǶȻҵǰʾ˲İǡ
˰죬ҶɵˣǶأ
Цֲ֧ԲɵǶʱãԼˡ
Ҷһģȥƽ˵жӲ֪ˣĴһҡ
Ӧǡȥˡ
ЦˣżⰲοүûţҶǵڼģ鷿ĸ
ƽĴѰӣСԺ￪ʼˣһһѼ⣬Լزˡ
ڷѼƴͼҶ˺ܴĴ̼λӲµĹӶѼ˺ð졣
սսվһԣСĵүѽ
Ҷ迴һۣûдȻĿתݣѼӡǲǺ粻һܾñ绹Ҫࡣ
ͬһ̲ˣôԽԽأ
ݵͷЦ
͵͵ǵ飬ͱСҿȻݡ֮ûֻһѪ
ȻѪôˮȼֱǾţһëǶǰˣҶ̫̫ƽϣϱҲӲץŲš
ֻǣܼҿʼ棬һҪ緢֣ȻһŲ
ڨЦٺ٣ү˵Ц
ֻѼֻѼķһ
ݹ֪ӼһͷٵѼŵҶţѼϷһŽԼȻ˵Ҷһ䣺еĳͳԣôʲô
̵ͷʼ÷һٵʵûվȥæȥˡ
ҶѼӿ˿ֿǿ飬үƢԷѼӻصȻ˵ô⣬ôƫƫֻҼйͷ
Ѽ⣬Ӳ˲մŵ͹⣬ȻƵػشȻͲвˡߣһЦѼӻûأ㵹ˣֻ֪Ѽĵط𣿡
Ҷѿصһţڵʱ㲻ģʱרңŶãͱˣֻҳԹͷ
Խ˵Խ忡ϸһŭɵı죬ҲվӴ󺰣㲻վźҳԷҲͰˣ˶ôܣǸˣǸţ
ʾȥţȻ侲ؿҶݣһӸηƢġ
˵ͷҲĻһүйͷó˹ģҶһԩģøʰ·硣
Ŷĸ˲˹ģ󺰴еӣ˵蹷Ȼţֻ΢΢ЩĴ֣ﻹֻС

Ҷԣһ죬ָݣݶڴҲڷ㡢Ƿ蹷
üͷҶǰүлú˵ָˡ
նΧԣضҶ裬֣˺̡
Ҷ豻Цˣջֶָ˾ݻҲˣԲ£ȻŤͷߡ
ү治ݺЦӺ洫㻹ûѾͷأ㿴
һҲҪҶͷҲأŲӣﳤȥ
˺ã徲ڡݺ⣬ָ֣ǼѼӣԸ񣬡ҲͷøȻ͵ȥԸ⼸ͷһࡣ
ŲҶأʮ˻ʳ浱ȫ¶谡ȻϳԣǶһ١
һٶԣǾͶ٣
ùСΪѵش߽С̣ү鷿ŻءҪ˵޴ͷܴβͣȥһϸϸļ˿棬͹ȥү˾ͺˡ
춼û򼦣ļ˿棿
Сһ㶣ǾЩѼ˿
Ǻǡ治ɫѺŪСңүŻǻ㲻ڣˡү˵ԼԴ˿Ҳû鱾ǲߵûˣùأ


25 
ͽСҸŪȥСҸжˣ𣺡үǿ̿ŬϽĹүǴŵҲģ
ЦЦСȥԷȻĴȥ鷿
Ҷ鷿ţԽԽоǶסΪҪ
ѹһ룬ӵģһ㣬׺һ㣬䱾˵Լ˻Ǻܲġ
Ͼ˾Ů˵죬ҪǲˣŮźã
ǣŶǶʼ룬ŷӦôӦ
룬Ӧһѽ˷ô˻úýѵݼ䣬֮Ϊѵԭ
ͷһշ˳Ѷϡ
һõ룬ΪҶԼһǺֵõġ
ҶԷܶʱʱѹ˿һʱèץСƽһүҪȥЩˣȵһ棿
ƽСźλүԸЩ˽ģǵء
ءҶסÿҪθһûʲôθڡ
ƽص㿴˿үصֻ֣һ˼ȥȥ
ݹˣͣס˽ţȥñվڴǰҶˣһϲȴصһͷ­תҡ
ǺЦԸ񣺡ȥŸϡ
ǡһѴͭذ鷿һأһýʵʵ
ͭǰ̷Ըȥģֻദ˰գ̾͸ǮһҲʹܵʲô
ΰ
ķǳжÿԸȥһ仰ͬ˾ƵģҲԵɣһ붼С
ֻ֪ݵĻʲô͸ʲô
鷿ܴ󣬻һССңɹҶƽʱ˿Сûһ£Ϊݽݺ˳ְŹˣ黵ˡ
æȥץŽյƴҡΣܻؽţݣʲôŴ򿪣
ݿҡεĴͭЦϹˣҸոĴͭʵأ˵ˣҲײ
ҶɲԱȷ࣬ԾͲˣתƵߣӴͷЦúܸˣ͸Ӳˡ
ݣֻĸѾͷʧķˣҲ˲ɣҰҹ棿쿪ţţ
ĸѾͷ㶼ͷ·뻼˶֢
Цɫһʧķ裿
ʱƽһ̹һ׷ԼСˣһĻЩˤ̡
ƽսսʣ̣ôˣүûԷء
ûһۣʲôԣүҪŬùЩС
ƽˣԷС飿̫̫˵үԷҪ£һҲܳ٣ػشȡ
̽ӹȥ͸ǵҹ˵꣬Ҷ߽ɫƣ콫˹Ҳȿ־ǣǵүͷ׶̹һ׵ˣ˵Ҳ᲻үôп̷ǣһ٣Դѣǿеġ
Ҷӷָݣð춼˵
ݶı飬ү㲻Ըģ˵Ҫ״Ԫ̽ô˵ٰʽʹӽ쿪ʼɡ
ҶֱţҸ˵ڹԹԷңҾͼ̣ҪȻһд
ôҪˣ붼롣һЦд飬ǰôҲҩι£·
㶵ģ㶵²ҪģҶĴŸոտʼþôˡ
ǣɳܵˡ
ֻؿݰͭԿ׹䣬ȻĴƮȻԶȥر鷿̼
١үƽСػ
Ҷǰһ󷢺ڣҲ֪ǱĻǱģ˻һЩˣƽģѷȵݸң
١үǸղ̰ˡ
ģ㲻ȥһݣ
ƽˣүѽѾû˰
Ϊû׼ˣҪӦ죬ͷһ룬һֳ˺üݣڹûȥ
ƽղߵһݣݳķģȥҪضûеˡ
ҶһͽθоԼҪˡ
Ҷ迴߻һ£鼫ȻΪû뵽ҾѣĸϻҰ
ƽûɵʵȻĸϻǸǽ˻ѲŶԣôͳѣ
꣬Ҷŵü۵Ĵһ£Ȼѵ⻰˵ģҴû˵
ƽɵˡү˵ĸϻģôͱ˵ˣ
ƽֻһˣЩÿɫү԰һͷټĸΪİ֣үԽˡ
ƽƣү̫̫ؼ֮ǰү͵̵|֮¡
뵽˴ƽ̲ס˸ս̽ͷ̽Եع۲ܣĳﶢҡ
ڣΧƺûˣƽһү˵Ҫùϸ룬ʵҲһ£̫̫ĲүܽộŬȿ״Ԫͺˡ
ҶʱɫףֻϷԣҪȥ״Ԫ֪״Ԫж
벻Լϣ֪أ
ϻˣϽ취ЩԵĸҡҶ
ƽ룺ʱҲóˣ˵ˣǽŷǼǣһ̲鿴ôȥʲôôشﻹмʣµĵģүһ棿
ȥȥ
ƽܻӣ˵ĸҶ裬ûѴҲϣȻҶҪˡ
ҶϵĲˮڰѵĳ¶ǣвټп̾Լļˡ
ôΣ޸ôأ
үͰƽڴش
Ҷһ̾вأûУһܽͷȥ
ƽҪ𻰣ͻȻȰĳ˵Ȼ˵ĲүǱЩС˸ˡ˵үҪùƫƫ㻹룬үģүǿ״Ԫض
ƽһЩûг
ĸҴүأߣߡƽֺõЦţȻŵĨͣϽ֮󼪡
Ŀƽˣߵߣ˵үҪùؿ飬˵л̶ð
Ҷԣ̱죬ֻ︹̣鷿ݻһͥԺֻǸп˼䣬ôͳˣ


26 
ƽΪһСˣǮޣԼЩűȢţֻż˲ŻǮȥһʳԼ
ǰǺеģѾһ룬øүľֻССѡ
Ҷ˵ȻֻԻ⼢ˡ
ŹʱֿʼĻŻţŻἤŭݵķգʼлһƽһ⣬С˵ֱ˸飬ȴһӦ
ҹ˾ɱش˳ȥЦòˣѾͷ˵ãʳԺԸȥ˭͵͵ӼүҾö
̳ȥˣСֹؿݣڹ̡
ܣеݴĻ
Сһ㶣ĬĬغ˰벽
Դ½ĸѾͷԵظо̲ϲźˡټԼĻαϣСҲˣ̲ϲ˵Щ
СúܡһƬΪ̺ðˣү̫̫ˣ̸ôأ
Сʮģȴо쳣֡ȻŰһʱˬһֱŰǾһֱˬ
飬԰ռẈ̂˯ﶼЦŵġ
գ˯ȻѣˬƵϴϣʩطԸ񣺡Կȥţүϴ
һҹҶ߳鷿Ļ㣬ȻһͷŵĸоɵҪӯ
һۣ룬鷿ЪһҹѣôҪأ鷿д̸ǣ
ҶƽԼȥݡ
Ѿں緹ţҶֻ̧һƤȥϴȻԷ
Щ˾ǲܸ˵Ҷģ˲ˣҪûվź
Ȼɴʣӹʡˡ
ҹ£ҶﻹٱԹ鷿Ĵãȴֹ¶ֻһεغڣΪʲôҪǶƢأ
˼ҼеǹͷԼһĲ
Һϴˮ˹Ҷϴǰ
ϰһѼͷɵ࣬һС̲ˣһ̳ˣԼһͷӡ
ʮ꣬ǳʳʱټ϶һҹҶʱҪˮ
Ҳ벻ʲô˲ܿйͷĻͷһӾͼ˸õѼӣζؿ
۹۲ѼӣһѼܹǿʼУҲûסЦЦü
ҶйͷĶһ٣Ļڶȴˣش󣬳ԷݣЦЦɡ
ҶԼ裬ڴڵس
극ڣ˺ȲʳҶϻһ˿ǳЦƺܺõӣûһ˵ƽ˵ǽõǼǣ
ţݺŲ裬ͷҲ̧
ʲôأҶЦЦֻǰﵱҵʱǽǺģǶʶ֣ǵǼǲΪ𣿡
벻һ㣿ݷ²豭ҪǶʣֻǰӡУȥʱ򰴸ӡٰӡô򵥡
ǺǣҲǷ㡣Ҷ˶٣ڰؿʣҵСأҳǳ˰ɣ
Ҷ̽̽ݶԴĵߡΪﻹ϶Լݵ졣
ֻһƥҰʱûѱѡ
ƽ⣿һЦҼȻ˹أ˵ˣߵѾͷҲðӡο
´һȻֻһøΪүϽҫ棬үƶһϢƻ
ҶΪԼˣʲʲô
׼ȥȡһűҶİҹƳġ
ѱݸҶ迴ؽƣÿîʱϴʱ飬Ȼǰʱ緹ʱ䣬ʱʼùʱ÷ЪһδʱùʱϢӳʱùȻϴ谲ޡ
ʱݸƵĸͬѧʱҶʱǰһڣ޲ε
ݣ˵ʱˣǼҲûлλҪ̳УһʱôǲǺˣܸж
ˣҲж
ҶһѾţʲôأҪȥҥĸʱģ
˵оСǰĵģ˵Ҫ״Ԫݰһ壬ѵ񹫹˹ٵģ򣬼ˣΪƣѵõΡȰ㻹Ǻúùȡһ˻ٲŲûӡ
Ҷŭˣ˵˵ȥ᲻ٵǵӣҲǰӶô
ݸŭΪԼ𣿻ΪҶңٲŬѵҪһ͵Ĺȥ˻𣿡
Ҷ跴󣬵ݵ󣬶ϸϸһ룬ռŵƸߵ㡣
ȰɷϽҵ⻰˵ﶼռңҶүҶôԼĸĸТ˳ġ
ƶʱһ룬ڴҪƻһ£ҾҪˡ
ݼ̬̾ЦˣЦͬһ㣺ģҲֺӣÿһѮϢһգʱȥɢģѶС
⻰Ҷõһ˿οڶ飬ʱֻ鷿ʲô飬ҪҪؿǿɾ˵㡣
ϾƱǿֵ°ڶ࣬ȫ˵Լ㻨ǮԼӣڲ֪н񸾵
űסˣҶ˹Թôأ
ݶ۾ЦеүҪţȸҪȥĶҪʲôЩ˼棬Ԥʱһһˣܳȥ
Ҷһ
Ǵ̫࣬ĳҲѾѲҪɣȲ᲻ᱨԼҲδͬ⡪ϾǻûĿ
ߣռҲ׷ŹԼմǽʵֻһȭͷҹԼ͵ȥ
෬֮ҶʹӦˣľһޱص˵ͷޱȳʹ
ģȥһͬ㽻
ˡݺʶȤԼҸɣҲҪ㣬һ֮ʲôɣһŮѵܶ첻ɣֻǣ⣬Ϊӵܻᵣġ
ȷ˵һСﱻǿ٣ΪɿǮӣͱͱֻߣѺȾƣȹ֮ģҲټҪǰ˵һҼ㵽ʱؼңȻͻȥҡ˷ҪЩģһҵ㣬һЩĻᡣү˵ǲ
ǣǡҶնѾûȥΪʲôﻰԼ


27 
ݵҶĲ裬ȥ鷿ùҶ費ҷΪҲûġ
ûǮ˾ֻڼ鷿֮ѡܱݶĴҪǿöࡣ
Ҷȥ鷿һòƽȥһӣһɹŲ裬С죬һ飬߸ߵŸȣôˡ
Ҳȥѧ˵ʹʲôĪһ쵽ڽѧȥôڽҲһּ尾
СæŸļȹռҸǲԼѵģ᲻ûȥţµظɻҪõѣ·˸Ҳմ
Լѷﲢûʺ˵ӣȥ˷Ҷģȫ˿Уʡ
СȷĻӳȥƥʺϵ޲󽻸Ͱ
СһǵռҸӵĳߴ磬æúòȻ󼸸Ѿͷ߻
ʰóĲɫԥ󣬻ǰˡ
̣統治ô
ݣǻûꣿٳˣлأ͹ˡ
ǺǡڨЦţôˣҲ̫Щ
СҸղųȥֱһǮôһ飬Ҳ
ݵ˵ͷǾĸͭĿ鶹Ӹ˰ɡ
СȥǮϻĸͭ壬ѡõġ
һӻӹǮˡ
ĸͭ壡ǰǾڵϣϡȥ
Ҳȥ򶹸˸ȻؼңסҶһֵһСҲ߲˼ʮ͵ˡ
ģЩҲ²ӣԭƻԼķӣֻȥŮһʣŸ
ԭţһʱ䣬̵ҵˮӵҲѣ˭ϵ̵ңôȥңңˡ
ԽԽһžͿŮڵϣЦˣܾá
ʲô£ȥҴŵ˵ò岻ֻ˵һؼһˣⲻǻô
һͿʼ̾㲻ãҶ̵ңǰѵһû̱ӡƣ
̯ģ¶ĸͭ壺򼸿鶹ӲˣֻϸôһǮ˵ţְͭһ̣ôǮ򷢽лأ
ͭϹһȦһ˵ϣЦ˵һûλء
û˵ʲôüģһѾͷȲأ
ȫµﶼԼµһͷҲñ˼ҵĺá
Ϻܵ⣬ԹΪʲôԼүүûϹȥҶүأ
Ȼ޽Ҷģ͸ˡ
иһһϵشţԼҵĿ״һһŮ
ǲԼʲôԹҶҲǴˮﻰݴͷ˺ü顣
ȻվԼĵһߵģߣͱʾҽҾͲˣүɣ
ﱾ˵үҲܲס̣һүԼŮݣ־һᡣ
һŭΪյĻô
ţϻɷ򽵲סӵģֻҲ᲻ãҪŭʮŮ˶ġ
үȱݴ̼أȥү˵һ˵Ҫʹү۷磬һٽ̴˲źأ
ǼҲܹشǰֺˡ
һҲϵ飬ŮȥҶ·ϻ˳Ŀ鶹
ߵǺţغŵʶ̺öˣԴҶ̾ʱҶˣϤͬԼһ㡣
ЦеͬСҴк˰״˰ɣûϲţ
һ䣬ЦŻصءȻﾶֱߡ
˲·ڣѹ˵̱үùݶģͲү̿״Ԫ״Ԫӣ԰硣ֻ鷿ͷȥضܿү
̺޵ҧгݣȻǸôܸɣôԼȥ״Ԫ
ˣڸıȥȥ¡ŮһѣȻ־飬ĴӪ
̸ߵ鷿С԰ǡҶ迴鿴۾Щۣ߳͸͸̣ܸˣǰк
ˣżҹô
ʹ޵ľǱѻݣһź
սҶʱֻ꣬ͷﻹȽʵҰŮ
Ҷ̫̫Ǹǳ˵ˣ̫̫ǰԼиŮñүһꡣ
Ҷ̫̫ҲǵģˣӴ£ô죿ڼ̫ˣ㲻үҲá
˿ڼĻڶʹŮˡ
Ҷ࣬Ǯ࣬ԵúãúãһȻһҶģЩ˵ķˣҲԼǿ౶ʡһʼá
Ҷ̫̫ССģֳÿɰһ־ƥӡ
ˣԴ̾ϹϷŹһؼңˣ̵ΪԼү÷
˽Ҷ̫̫ΪöһͨѼźѾͷòġ
ЩòѾͷĳ£̾ͳÿһһأˮ߰ﴷϴһΧȹҶпˣʱԭء
ֻ̰ø߸ߵģ¶ذ۵ĸ첲·˵ĹâʮҶͷһʶŮ˵ĺô
ˡ
̱һ꣬ѿϣү⸱ģǳˣ˵ϰӷָմմˮϵ
̿Цţүôˣϴ𣿡
Ҷ豻ˮξѣ΢΢һ߲һôϴϸ֡
ҪָһԵϴ°Ҳϴ°һٴͺˡ
Ҷ֪ԭӾͽϴ°רѵġ
ȻڼŮүãҶȢŮޣСҲ
̫̫ǸˣӺǴС̳ģټ̺үݣ½̽ţҲŮķͷһ֮ء
ֻҪŮүС檣ǼҲͲˣҪֻ˵ŮТģҲû˻ỳɣôһ˶ڳˣ
ʹǵأ˵̫̫͵һլΪƸ
ǩ
лҪ˵
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹ֮ 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ħŮ 20ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


28 
һӶúܺãκҶ̫̫ʱǡ
Ҷ̫̫ȻǷԶ檣ǿĻһ㣺û֮ǰеѾͷүߴա
ԣ˽̫̫ǰ̽˺üأûܵõһ׼š
¶˵Ҷ費ʮ꿪ʼ¿ػضУʮɽ
ʱѾʮˣ͵ĹﾹȻûףͱ֪ڸҪô˵мҪôͲǲʧ˵£Բû˿Ҫ
Ｑһݣôأ
ҲòУĥ̫̫ͷֻ߲ܴͨүˡ˸ʱ䣬ڰѸմ鷿Ҷסˡ
үôûأﺬᣬίʹЩԹ
Ҷ챻ǿͷ飬Ͳͷˣʱ̵ĻҲû⣬ֻҲһ㣬㿼
ˣҶүƢ̫̫߶ҲͰˣҵ˭Ҳң
һƿ·̣ûҿϣʲô£Ȼﳤȥ
̱ģ¶ûһֱȵȥ꣬Ѿʮ꣬ٲⱲӾĻˡ
ҧýˣæӻ̵Сӣ÷ްϹ̸˳ȥ
ǰŸռˣĹҶͿţȻݳףһ˵ĺڣ֪ˣöҧȰģ

̿ųԼ߹ү̲סȦ졣
үôΣ£󣬲Ҳ⸱˹ӣԲų˿ҷ̵ĶС
뵽ˣᣬؽһү
ҶüһƣôһҾҪޣ
ǲǼҶ㲻ãҶ˰죬Ҳֻܲ³ôɡ
ҡҡͷ̧ʱѾ˻ȥֻʣ·Ȧگʾίġ
ү㻹ǲǵãСʱѧʫרܵǰ˵Ǿ仰
Ҷǵãʵʵ˵ܣֻƿߣĿؿԶ
ү߽һɤʣʱܵǰ˵һ䣬仨졣̣ҵҲһ裬˵ǲǺɣү㻹ǵ𣿡
šҶͷϸһ˿΢Ц
˵Ǽ£ֻҶɳ΢һС£ͱһɶ
˿̣֮ԴЦΪСʱĿʱ⡣
ʱ̫̫飬ҲûаĸϻȢؼңöô
أ˰Ȼܳһ󣬾ͻķǳ
̺Ҷˣи£Ȼѹһȥˡ
˾ôվţһͬȻ˴˳ĬĿԵʱȴõһЩο
ݿѾͷ߻żȻҶ裬Ҳ֪˻ϲʵǾ̶Ͷ鿴
ԶԶأҶһŸͷٸվһǸᾢ֪⡣
üߵѾͷ˭ôû
̶һ䣬صһŵӺҷ˽ˡ
ȥʣһ˭̶ȥץһѹӹĵģ𾪶ǡ
Žż⣬ȥ̶Լĺɰ浹һСӣˣء
ǣŹӣŴ˵Ҫ
ѹһ£۾ȻҶ裺ү˵̶ܲã
ûе¡Ҷϡ
¹˵ϣҲܳϰ
үͱƭˡֱţɸֵı飬үӣôܱһŮѹͷأ̫̫ҲǵģǧѡȥȻѡôһϲ̨Ķ
˵˶кܴءǴģܼʲô棬̫̫ô͸ҷܼأ
̵һҶֻһ̾Ӧ
̼ˣԽ׳˵ԭȣֻ̫̫ҪȢһº˳֪Ĵҹأ֪Ҿ͡
ôëԼ𣿡ҲȥˣӹսǴ߳
ҶŵõһŲӾܿվס
ҶʱһҲҶ
䲻ر˽סƫƫ˼˸˵ˣЩգһŤͷݵĿִסˡ
ʵڲ¹ѩףü续ôЩһֱҶһ֦ͷ̣̲סԲλ
ʱϢˣͬݶ
ԭŮݸоƺϸϸһ룬ˡ
ԭһôдģҶү˵ŮȾ
ȻֻǶ̶һ䣬ȴͻҶķ뻨ģ˶ûŹ
Ǻǡ¶һЦ޵´̣ǼЩˣǲúô򶼲УʲôèҷŽǿջأ
Ҷ֪ԼսȲݣֻǴͷҰ˵
̱ݵòˣбһ˿η֮ģʱֱүǸСµģ̼ˣʱŭ죬Ҫƴһ
̣ԼƤþͲүųʲôˣ
ǱŵģݲŲϱֱ˦˹ȥҲ֪ƤãǱͻȻðĳ˹ָŵġ
Ůӣû˭ϲ˵˵Լǳ˹֣òУ߷ߵɽϻҲܳˣ̫̫ؼң˵˵
˵ʲô̵ܻȣԵúУ˵з֪ܹ֮߳ܵү
ҶԸϽ̧ͷûûС
̸ղžеϧݲܳĻСʱݣᷢչһǾе˵׼ˡ
ڣ׵ġ
ұ졣Ťͷ֪֪ԼǸţ㻹ҪҪˣȻҹ˵ţҪǴȥǲǲҪˣ
Ҷʱ˵ӣոջԼܷչһδ֪ģһǾӣѾȷˣ̾Բᷢչ|ġ
ĪҪѪˣ̾ܵԩ£Ӷڷ
ԩˣ㻹֪һ̣ô˸Ҳ֪ȸ밲үǰڣɥһ˭أҿɲһסˣ֪ҼүҪҪȥúһģ
ŵᶼͣסˣɫҰףҶҲŵòУݣȥǧȥҶģ𣿡
ǺǡɨԼ|||һۣص㿴̣֪żģֵӻ̣˵ڼҲǺƵģ˽ˣҿžͺܲ˼һкܶ໰ͬ˵


29 
˫ȿʼ
⻰ֱסţҪȥżϹ˵һͨɾͻˡ
û˭һҪĶϱıȻ֡ݻؼҵŮӻʲôãŶᱻָָ㡣
Ҷ˫ҲŴݺúݵģһ￪ɾͬӽ˷ӣҲϴˡ
ǺǡݳһЦ˵Ǹʲôأ㵹ǸŲţδ꣬ү»Ϊȫ˲෹Цϣ
ҶȥݵӣغҺ̲ûʲôһᡣ㿴ֻ˵仰ѣſھ͸ǶҲ̫ˡ
һ˦ﳶŭڹûڻ԰ǴŴ
̶Ͷ֪뵽ʲôͷЦ
ҶڨЦⶼûӰ£컯յģҺܸ
ޣ㻹Ǵأǲ˷绯һ̣԰ӡ
ͳףܶʲô뷨ôͨȲһָͷʵڲӦö롣
ҶһֻΪ˺⻰ȴ˵̣ʹҲ֧Ųסڵأʹ
԰Ķ½½شˣȻڳһֱͷԾϽܹ
ﵽͿŮڵϿޣȴûһȥ߰οһ¡
ĶˣŮУʼݣδ̫۸ˡ̫̫ڵʱ򣬻ʱŮˣ̲ǿ͵ĵô˵úдţ
ǺЦӿͣݳһû㣬áһûйˣʲô˶ŮǲǾ͸ֵ˽һȦˣ⻹ɸͳ
Ҷʮοĳ֣Ϊһתݵڻ
ǣôһҶҲȥУ̽ҲˣҪǽˣǻˣ
Ҷһͷһصڱ̬֧ݣ˵ĶԣҼҵɲг߾ߣʲôԺûӵͬ⣬ٺҷ˽
ݸͲϡֱ֧֣Ը̶һ¹Ǯغŵְأ¡
һţҪлݵٶ˵һ֣
ﲻҿˣֵĺţӶʱɫ࣬ݿ̱ڵϵ̣Ըʲô̵ĻǺģϽӳȥ
ţ˿ұ⣬Ϊ̽ͱµĹǮûʱק̾ߡ
ŮƵģһ޺ţһǰæš
԰°ҶĨĨͷϵ麹ҲѾͷڳϽҾǸ
ݺݣҹ
Ҷ費ҲȽݣݷԸţȻعš
ʱպʱ룬̫˰УĹÿһ䣬Ϊ봰|Ĺߴ˸ۿۣ밵ԳһķΧ
Ҷնһ٣ɵʱ򣬼ҪԼŴˣĴҲȥˣ⿴Ŵ󴲣̲סʼ룺ѵҪԲ
Ȼл˵òŮʵϲԴףͲԼֻԼôһŮˡ
ֿµĶռܶ˶ϲʱȱɣΪŮ˶Լϲ
һŮѹռ㣬ֻ˵顣
벻һ֣벻Ч̼ݴ춼ϺԼԲˣҶǳˣȻǸ,̩˰
ȡҶɤӣ״ʣҪҪϴ裿
ؿһۣãȻת䡣
Ҷ輤ֱ֣ƨƨߵظȥݸߵǰȻʲôŤͷԸϴȻתȥˡ
Ҷ迴Ļ鴲ֻһû˯ȴо˺ܾƵġ
ӦǾ䣺һղ
ɿۣȻϴְѵ¶|ϰֱСָշŵҪѿʱݽˡ
ɫƽȴһϴְҶһǸӣ|轵ͻȻһֲԤС
ԽԽҲҶ費ԤԽǿң̲סҪ´·ӡ
ϴ°һЦеȥ
ǡǡҶذѸȥİصϣֺõЦţлú˵𶯲ùӡ
鷿úö飬ƫƫģҪһз֮Ҷ档ϴְĴԼġ
ҶѵĭҪںü
˼ģҺָУȻֱҶкȥһߴһ㲻㹴㲻ҪһҪأ
㶵ͷ£鴲ǻƻľɵİβСӴǰһվҶӶûطӡ
һŴ򹷣ҶҽУӴӴ
ҪǴ·ãƫƫְѵþ⣬˼ӡСͽųҶүʱܹ
ֺֻޣһ߱ͷһ⺰ǶţȰỌ̇̄
ĴޱſڣֻҪûǶ϶һ¡
մ߽Сˣæ˼ҪŽȥһæͷߣ̺үأǱȥ
СҲرԶ˺üֵʣ԰ղүں
ЦˣУ
ǡôʱҶϢΪҲûǺɤһ̲ͣһֱ
СƣѵˣˣҪȥ
ĸ첲ȥȥ粻ˡ
ԣܶү̣Զ׼緹
СԺΨһܾҶСңôŪˣڵ֣ԺţԶء
ԭҲСԺźģݼСԺ㹻ˣʹܲһ˼ҶԴɨԺͰɹȥæ͵һԺҹҲ顣
ʹʹذҶһ٣оʮ泩Ҫ㣬ܽŴȥء
֣ͣϴ°ָҶ裬ʵǸ͵ˣ
Ȼݴʱڣκ⸱ҲǴС赽ģδֻػϲûж
ôһͨ۵ֱ
ҶܹжʮҪֲڱϣݴʱ·Ϊ˻סԼֻĸԸѱ¶
ôʮҶ費ñˣش
벻ӺҶţһ쾹ȻᱻŮ˴
ҪǴȥýֺͷ붼뵽һμЦֱͦˣ


30 
ݴˣһߴһ߿Ҷ裺ʵǸ͵ˣ
ҶڴϣоԼͬڹ֮ϣݾǹүڿͨ|鰸ϸڣҪһش𲻺ãͻᱻȻաź
ģһҲûаҶ迪ʼȥųףǰӻװ׵أȻҲڣ֮ǰһֱæŶ飬׼¿ΪҾĶ飬˵˵̣Ҳߴա
ݲ̫ô֪˵Ǽ٣
ģģȥŷ컹̳׺ͷһؽҶء
ǡ΢У΢˵ԼæȻôæˣôйȥûأǺĵ
Ҷ⸱µӣԵ޹ʵģרȥ£
Ҷԣ޲ܰʳܶʲôģⶼƽһ˵ģ˵Դӳ׺Ҳûˣ˵ҵ
Ŷʲô
Ҷ費ֻһһʮȫݣһ֪С˵Ҳõģԭ̾Ȼ˼
˵Ҷϵĺ齥ɢȥһ˿ԵãѾͷԼ˵һֹʡ
ЦЦؿô˵쵹ǴǰԵҪɣȥ̵ķңԸԸ̣Ȼ̧С檣
Ҷϵĵ⣬һԼϣһ֣ر̬ҲҪҺôҲţܼ˵Ь
Ƿ곡ϷҲͰˣҪ̧̫࣬С檣иҪġ
ݱϾǱʿΪеŮַֺϺǳ̬½˻飬ò⣬Ҳûʲô
ܲϲ̣˿ˡЬּŮԵĴ̲סҪ
Ъôһһǣϴ°ֳҶϴȥЬЬءԼӣŮ˹㲻Ьʲô
ҶʱһȻŷ֣бӵţϴ°ϲǺۡ
ɴ಻ˣѱӵԼĹǣʵʵذţֻܿ㲻ķϣЩðҹȥ
ݴ˼¾ס֣Ҷ˼ϢûȵӼæСذͷӱ鿴
۵ڴϽֺõЦ˵ҲˣҲˣù˰ɣ
˵ŭĿ̷չһˣû׹û
ҶһԥڴϷүϣҶϣҶụֻ̂һϴѣƼֻ첲һ˿ѻԸ
˾ŵȿϷĶģ
ԭ̸֮ܺ㵽һȥҲԭǸΨΨŵŵԷΪйء
Щ˵Ծ͵ߵ⣬԰ײԡ
ݿɲԭʹ죬öԷӲʹ졣
Ѿҹ£ݻôҶһ٣Ҿ㣬ֻҪһ컹Ҷ̵ͷͱĨڡԺҿ黨ǲݵ飬һ㣬Ҳ徲أ
Ҷŵÿ㵵һоֻˡ
Ķռĺÿ£ѹлƽ˵еʱǼȸǳ
ˣѵҶȥ䣬ѾͷͲ
ƵغȲ裬Ҷûչܣ˴ߵױ̨ǰվӣԼϰ˺ۣ鲼ӡӡ
ҩĨĨһѵ⣬ֻðˣûƤûѪϼվͻõġ
ǳ뵱ллûͨȻЩ˴ֻĴ帾ôһҪڴɰ¡
Ҷ贩ѣԼͷֿʼվӡ
ţôΣ˿ûˣҿȼ֮һʱʶػסȻôżţ

ݲ棬Ů̻ؼ֮Ͳظȥ׼緹ˡ
ȻѾԳеĹֶܼΣﱾǸ|֮ˣһյĹĲԼ顣
˿̣ԼǸܺߣӦŸǸŶԣ֮ǰǲܸķʳģǶŰɡ
غŵţ˶ţӡţԼ۵¹ǮһҺ޵ҧгݡ
ţߵСԺ棬˰죬̺үһʱҲϽûȥˡ
ҪΪܱ̽̿Ǯʧⲻ⣿ţɤվſھͽк
һʹޣĸŮ޵۾ֺףиˣæţţӽ˵
ţӽݣ±˿ЦѾˣֻǰкôˣǲǵģ
ޡţһڣҲ̵£ȰҵʧϣȻҾȥ
ӻ˻ΣţӰ˵ȥϾŮǺҪġ
ƿﲻҲóԣЦ˵˼ûȻǮȥˡ
ţһµĹǮһٶʮģ¾룬ʹʮģ˸İٵ
Ůүûʲô£ֻڻ԰ײˣʺ򼸾ˣƫƫץŲϷš룬Ҫиʲôȥ޸ˣǱȲ̫̫̫̫ôƵһˣҪ̸ܻˡ
ţϲ̵ͭǮԱ̫̫ڼң˵ʲôãڶ̵죬̫̫ԼõȵײܻȰҲʡʡúẓ́ίƽҲõȵ̫̫ؼǲǣ
㿴ң̫̫ǰô棬̰Ҷĥʲôˡ˵˵žͿʼĨᣬңձ׼͸ֵˡ
ޣ˵ֲĻֻҪúźţֻèҲֻ̣ҪҲ̻ܳҲɣ
ţһ֪ΣѹϵͭǮһֵʮǮķϣģҲͷһ֡⣬һϢߵСҺڳء
һͻԭء
ΪԼȥ̺үֻȥ¥һӦҶǮܲܲͲͶо¥ɣ֮̾͵ȷ
û뵽̾ȻԼߵĴѾͷ³
ţЦеˣøϻȥءȻתߡ
и̾ȰţҪȥƣ˺ŻʲôãֻҪӣʲô򲻻
и⻰ô¸ˣ


31 
Ҳסˣﺦ
û˼ҪЮݵ˼ֻſϻȥĥǲеģֺһСҺѾͷӲɵ¸ô죿
ﻹˮɣϴ͸ϽȥＱŻŵ
ͺˡи˵ӵ̫̫ء
̴߳۾߷ߵȥαظͷ˵ﲻȥ̫̫
˺ˣˡһ߲һߺżңҪ۾ֻ˵˷纮㵣Ҳᡣ
ʱѾˣ̱Ͼǳ׵ĸˣ˷㻹һᱻġ
̲ٿＱҴҵˣʰԼŻȥżҡ
˸ֱСѾѷˣϴвˣԭڳֵһѾͷæ˵Ҳæù
һݣ͸ϽӣЦλˣЪţɡæ緹ٳȥеĶлǡ
һѲ˵һţǸظŮͻȥˣ
һҭҧҧȻЦֺõ˵ûе£ⶼˡ
Сһʲôᣬ浱ǴҶϹأ˭֪үڻ԰Աߵ鷿ùأһֱ˼˭
Цֻѽ˲ֵȢϱҪǲ㣬вͱ˸ˡ
ɫһһף뻹ûǵͲ˶̸²źأҪ˳ԽԽô
ʱĹˣЦһĴȥˡ̷ԸˣͲǸˣϽʰŸѰӡ
ϴЦºͣɻȴֽͬ뷢
޺ʣôˣôҪңҷʲôö˶˵ľҪأҪȥ̣Ҫʸ
ĻǸЦģְס£ҪͲɣ㵱Լ˭
ﱻţȥֻһƨ|ڵϣŴֽֿУţڸź˴뱲ӣûйҲп̫̫ͣôһɷ˵˿̫̫һưɡ
û˺ԣֱӰ˵ˣҪʶȤöʮ꣬ҪǲʶȤضҪţ
ﱻסţҲã֪Լûָˣȥҵ顣
ķݵҪͳȥģһүү̣ĵ˵ǰҲһٱأҺôڸʮ꣬Ҫˣܵͬ˸һ
룬ͬˣֻһֱ
ֱȥԺҵ־һͨ󡣵ҲεҲûðҲˣǰ˵ϻ
޵ñһһѣвָ̣㲻ȥүȾ͸˵Щƫ㲻а
ֻĨСԺĲԺţ̼ķԼȥͨ
ˣûκηӦҶĿһۣԼıأҹ¡
ңҲãûڽˡǣûض԰˵ʲôϽ߰ɡ
ĳȥ˵ˣ֪أֻÿ˵Щ̫̫ҲȻҲһЩӣﹻʮأĹ̸ǰ飬޼գһչӣҵ
һ㣬ҲǰԸĵģֱӷؼȥͲܣԼܵȥ
ΨһŮ̾ͼڳҪܣݾ͸̵żҪˡ
ֻҪǲ¶С
ˣʹشӦˣһ·޿ؼȥ
и֪黵ˣһ߿һ߰ϸϸһ飬и룬µҲֻȥ̫̫ˣֻǱ߲л·
Ҷ̰ôЩ꣬ԭнĴȥ̣һʣȻҲóʮֻ᲻á
ңҲ뿪ҶҶ¶ðԵúãúãǮҲȱ˼ҸߡҶүǸٵģЩ߳ȥ̻ҵҪЩ˭˸ǣ
Ƿ˲뻻أ
Ҳ·ˣ˵Ļһ᣺ȥزһ·̣һͳȼ̫̫ضҪúøһ״
һȥ
Ų㣬ڼӡһӣ˭ɫɣٻһѣٲƵļҶ·ߣҲ̫̫жô
ã⻻һɵɫȹͷϵҲȫժˣֻ·ѣһȥͷ
СҺ緹ݺҶùҶԼıأݣҲݿĲ
ݺ飬ذ쵽鷿ѾĶ˰ĹϽϣ
ϴ°ǽأҶ費ҷԹԵȥ鷿ûж飬ſ鷿Ĵϣһһ̵|ۡ
ƽһĨҩһ࣬Ҷź΢ûһ˯ˡ
ݲŲ鷿ֻҪԼǰһξС
СʰóҪʲôˡݶԴСҺͶͲһˣֱӷԸ㿴ŰͺãǮϻӾҪʲôԼ
С룬ѼԼѾ٣Ե磬ǲٶ˳ˣض⡣ȡӣˡ
ܿ쵽ϣ˯һҶڷǰżĻˣһ㲻˵Ҫڼôô⣿
ݲûվź÷ӹҲʡˣͷһӾͱżȶȥȼһŽԼְʣµֻҲеԼ
һֻֻܹȣۼֿ죬ֻûҶ
Ļ̫࣬نȥֻܳԼƨ|ˡݶ룬˵װֻȵ뻹ͦġ
ѹûҪϸͷ𣬷˵Ҳ
Ҷ򴽣֪Լֳ˿ûмȣֻܽż˸
ãϾ뱳Ҳǿβΰɡ
ԴӼʶݵ̬ȣҶ֪ԼҪʳҲ϶ֻԼʣµĻˡ
ʵǱʣҪζ𼦳棬ָųеϸϸ޳⻬ɾļͷ
ʳĳԷܵı飬ɹݵʳ
ֻȶߣԼܳôֻ࣬ǵĲѡ
ѵôóԣ


32 
ݳģֿģֻһ˲Ȼٳ֣ʣµֻеԼ
һڣҲûʲôرģǼζûΪҶԵζѼĿڸС
ֻȺһֻÿһһڣԼıǡ
ȻҲԲô⣬ٴȥؼеǳɡ
ҶѾиɾļͷӲ˲֣۾һʱͫ׶ɴˡ
ûˣһֻҲûˣ
ݣ˭أ
￴ȥгĽʺޣܳԵ𣿻ڿ˵Ҫϧʳڼּأ
̫ȣݸӦˣһ˹سųɣһĵؿ
ҪлԣǾǣʲôƨҪţ
ȡҶһڲ裬̽ô࣬ܳôҿǳԲģҲ˵˷ѣĴţٳԡ
ҪĿҪÿҸΧܹ㷺ǰͷľҪԵúãúãסúá
£ԸίԼʣˣֳһСˣҲȳͷһʣǿöࡣ
Ҷ⻰ܲˣԼˮƽ˵棬˵⼸ѾͷĴա
ˡ
ĶȻһЦǰ˷ǿɳܵģԡ
Լ룬һԶѼȺͼȫҶЦе֪үûԹ⼸ֻȻҿйǴηԶ񰡣Կԡ
СɣԶ˹ģ˵ֻȻйҲѿ
ǣ浽׻մĿˮ
ҶԥˣûԹֲȣŮ˳ʣµĶǷǳܵġ
Ǹ˰Ǹţ
ݼϳԣŤͷЦеطԸ񣺡ү»룬һͶ˵ȥүһٳԡ
ǺǣִŮ̸Ů˳ԲĶôͰڳһԶ|ҩı飿
ԣԼҶݳеŮⶼ̧
ùһҲ㲻ʮ塣ҶΪմ˿ˮҲʵıȸҹǿ
Ҷ費ԥץȾͿʼСһڵʱı黹Ӷģȵ˵ڶڣҲǱȵζˣҲ뵽ʲô|飬ЦųգգۣϷ𡣡
ôˮԳζģ
һӾʱŭˣҿǻû򣡡
ҶˣŲʵʵԷٲҿ
ùְҶ쵽鷿ȥ˯Ҷ費飬䴲
űֱ̾¶Ҳˣû׵ʱء
ҩ߽үҩˡ
ƽſãÿ£¶ﰲοȿſ£û뵽ֻһҩӡӾһ룬̻ˡ
ҶſͷϣŤͷƽ⻹飿ĸӻԼɷģ͸ðص񷿣ԣ´ÿ찴ٴϴΪֹֹأռ˻øǸĹŮһأҵ
ƽЩﲻסԼЦ˵ô׺ݣ㵹˵ѹֱ̰Ŵ
Դݰһ˵ˣƽ͸ηλε̣ڱﶼҽݵĻҶ棬Ҳֻõ˵
ûôۣүߣذų⣺ҪүдŸү̫̫
˵ʲôأû뵽Ҷ˸Ŵ⣬ӺҪңȥҵ飿
һƬı¿ηΣƽͷһŬ죬ʾȶȥүͷ˵
˵棬ƽһ߸ҶĨҩһ˳Ļ˵ǣүѵƷֻ̣ǲмŮ˶ְˡ̶ףʵŽдףǰûүүغŵţӸˣ˵ֵġ
Ҷ豻ˣţôϣҾҩҲû취ġ
ƽҲЦ
Ҷ°룬ͻȻָпҵʱҲû֣һҾͻȻûֵ˶˵ɫˣҾǱˡ
ò˭ȵù
ƽҶ߶ö࣬Ҳʶٷ̫̫ҶЩͬǣǳ׵ģȥһңԼӽгȻȥžƷ
⻰ҶʮָˣоԼӣͷҲŸϾˣŮˣ˺Ů˶ʲôưɣһһѱ̵ġ

һ·ϣ˴ֻţ㵽ء
ȻûûǺܺôģһʾ˸ָ·ﱼöȥſһĸִ档
Щ£Լ˹ľǰǰæͨһ
һة˵ģ۱ţȽȥʾҶ̫̫֪ȷʵǼˣųȥ
Ҷ̫̫ܻţס߶ҲҼ죬ôҹˣѵүʲô£
ѾͷæȰ̫̫ģҪʲôŹˡ
䣬Ҷ̫̫ߵѾͷΦˡ
ԶԶؿվſ̫̫۵һ̫̫ҵ̫̫
Ҷ̫̫ɥһƸŻˣٶһƣϴŰɵɫȹͷûУһ˭Тģ
Ҷ̫̫һͻǰڣһҪεڸϽס̫̫һʲôҪ˵žͿޣ̫̫ιȥˡ
Φһ̫̫ݣУǹŨ裬˰죬Ҷ̫̫ѹˡ
ҲŻˣָ̫̫˰¡
̫̫ۣＱæǰաһһҹ·ɫ㲲ﺬᣬĿʮְʹ
Ҷ̫̫һ۾ͿһŵЩֱչȥڸϽأȰ̫̫£үû¡
ŶҶ̫̫һֱӣһأһüϻһžͿޣɰŻˣΪүôء
̫̫ҵĺ̫̫Ҷ̫̫ǰӰ̫̫úݵģôˣ̵ĥЩ˾ͲˣүҲڳʣʣء
ʲôҶ̫̫ɴ۾ʱ𣬡ôүʣˣòʹô
̫̫ؿˣүţʲôǧС䲻ãôƫƫȢ˸أ̴С˵ģܼҵĵڶ죬ͲҳȥˣҲһֻǮĿ鶹
ϸ״ǶԼģͨͨ˵µܼŭ̫̫ģͼӴʮԽԽá
Ҫ̫̫׶ģҲҪѹܼҵְȨջ


33 
ݶүЩʮأ
ͷһ׮ǿүĻʳһĸҹӾȻʣʣ
ڶ׮ǰү쵽鷿˯
ӵģɷͬ˵ǲر֣Ϊҿ֦ɢҶǴĲТС˵ǲɷ򣬺ɷ´塣
ҲҪٳ߰죬֪ϴ°ʹҶ裬Ҷ̫̫붯Ļʻӡ
һʹһ߿ߣҶ̫̫ˣϸϸһ룬ݣЦ
ϱС³ռҵļҾҲãСʱ֪˶ٿͷءܳһǺܺõˡҲֲ˭ռأˣҲǼø̫ٵԵʣҪǸһɽɽͲôʡˡ
⻰û³һѪһˣɲΪ˸õģ
Ҷ̫̫һЦһ߷ԸڣҼţͷдŵʱ򣬷Ըƹÿ¶ʮ
ڵͷ£Цÿ°ʮļãʵˣүͲͶд⡣
̫̫̫̫ＱòУ̾Ǹûģÿ¸һǧҲ᲻ûͭүϣضȫ͵ȥˡҶҵӻʽռңûүĶӣռأ
Ҷ̫̫ƣǶ˵ռˣͲˣ⻰δ̫ˣ˵
޲ȫ죬Լֱֱ磬ƫƫ֮һҲ˵
ܷƣǶҶ̫̫ǸƵֲͬ˼ƽϵĺӣ̫̫̣ƫƫҲ̫̫档
Ҷ̫̫˿ݣԼĶϱȻ£ֺǺǵú˯鷿ҲΪ˺룬էȻ磬ܲʱʱ£ݱܲˣֻȥ鷿Ъһ񡣡
ֻ֪ү鷿˯ֲҹں죬Ȼº̫̫¾ͻԼĹۡ
ְֻڳһſɥסҶ̫̫Сȣ̫̫ȾҰɣ˵Ҫҡ
ʲôҶ̫̫һö˶˵ģô㣿ʵңбضиԵʡ
ЩȻôʵ˵ֻǿ˵̹ܼͷһգ˵˾Ц΢ЩͼˣӣҺء
Ҷ̫̫һЦû⵱ʲô£ҪҶүҶ̤ͥˡ
õطǺܴ󣬿ҾסĹԱֶ࣬ԵñȽխһžͿޣ̫󣬿ͷȥˡ
Ҷ֪ͥԼλͬ£֪ȥ׳ʲô¡
ܿ죬ۻ˵Ҷةһˡ˶ֻҶҳʲô˲õıҴ£һ߰οҶͥ⣬һϽȥơ
ҶүҲˣҶ̫̫һ㣬ΪǶҶʲô£ܹżµ죬ôһС·Ӳǰһ亹
Ҷ̫̫үɫҴңϽӭЦүĪţû¡
ҶүĨ˰Ѻūںʲô
Ҷ̫̫֪ԼүͶһģһӣϲլ飬ֻЩͣء
Ҷүģ޵ᣬڵϣһȥݺţӣô˵ôҪô
ҶͥǸˣʹҶ̫̫û˵ԼȻɶˡ
ūͬŸǰ󣬸Ͻˣ
ү̿޺飺ү̫̫Ұɣڸ˴뱲ӣûϣŮҲ˳ȥֻһ˽ϰ飬ңǱһȥ
Ҷ̫̫ƣ˵ޱȿͶ֮ģҶү״Ͻ˵
Ҷү˵ūʵڿɶƨ¾ɽˮԶҹţҲּ¡֪˽գЩͬŻڱôЦңҽָÿˣڽҲ֪ϹٻʲôǻμҲϣδػйءϽҲ뿴ˡ
Ҷ̫̫ȻɷͶӲλġοҶү䣬Ȼȡ˶ʮӳҪߡ
ЩҴҲǮ˸ߣƽʱʹ͵Ҳ࣬ʮţҲ͹ˡȻȥдỴ̈ҲҪӣؼȥա
ÿµǮǶٶʮģҶĴѾͷҪʮģҶ̫̫ʮ൱һ|ĹǮ
ò˵Ҷ̫̫ѾܺˣʱһĶҲء
֪үղŷ˻̫̫ĳҲûõģںΦһһҷҪȥ
ûκΣֻôʮӣţˮ·ŵҡ
ǰŸյңҶ̫̫žͽҶ
Сţõ鷿үҶ軹ſڴˣû˼š
ýֺͷҲ֪˵ЩĻȰӣ˶࿴֮Ć»ֻСȹٿ
ݳٳٲԼţȥߡţңһžʹֵ˵̴أ㵽겻ꣿĻԸӣ㽻š
ȻһֳգʹˣҲֻӵļۡ
ﲻʹ죬ͷȥתһ̫̫˵ˣҪҵӣҪءһ̼ʱ˰ҵء
ţתߣص˵ˡ
˴ŭ棬ûǰȥĶ³Ѿڻˣ̫̫ѹңȥ緹ǰղӣҪŹˡ
ţȥңԼһܵﶼйϣſھޣ湻Ҫģ̫̫ʱ˵Ҫ˵ˣ̫̫˵ȻǲŵġҪʶȤ͸ϽӣȻɾҪˡ
ɫףиϽţ˺ò裬óӵԡ
ţᣬˡ
и䣬ǸӰɣѵ㻹ȥһˣ
ĨᣬȥˣȥҲûáǿӴò׵ʮתͷͱ̸ˣһ·ѡ
ˣǻһЩȥĶأҲܹӡ
ﲻҲѵҪݰˣֻʹҶ̫̫ǷóȻţһԹҶӡ
ְ̰ӣ˴ʱܿʹķϣ˵һֻһƥ޲أ˱ˣҲǵӡ
룬ݸͲֻԸСҳӡ
ĿСҰӵﻳȻԸһԵţӣȥЩǧ˳˸һһľ
ңֻڶݺСͣ
һҶҲزˣֻ˷ص£ϼĶأиӡ


34 
ֻ棬ȥ˸һŶݵ鳩켫ˡ
豭Ȼһվŵ񣺡ȥһ£ô˵̫̫ӣǲ̫̫Żȥŷ
ȥˣһȦŻݡ
̣зţŷĽ⣬õ鷿ү
һ²豭ҶҵƿȻǲȻҲû֪ͨһʲô
ϽǶĿ飬ֻСԺˣ»ٲˡ
ЦЦºͣҲֲǣǲաȥģҪȥ鷿ү
Ҷÿ찴ٸԼıҩԼӦúú˵дˣҲ϶෭ġ
ã䲻ȵģſͷϺ˯˯ò֪¡
ƽͻȻܽ͵ҡҶ˯㣬ҪƢˣƽٵү̹ˡ
Ҷ۾̵Բˣ˲侫ӣ죬ñ
߽鷿Ҷʮָˡ
¶滹ԼĺۣԼɫǳ̵ҩ࣬ſڴϣͷ£˫һ飬÷ǳ档
նһ䣬Ҷҡͷ̾װģϧҪǲ´ҽһдʮƪ¡
߽Ҷ۾Ȼ鱾ȴȫһߣעݵĶ
ԽԽҶ軹˵䣬Լʱ͵һıϣЦҪģھдֻ˱ֲǶ֡
˱ûóףôһģʱһİۡҶ費ҽгҧԼͷӲѲҽиʻȥ
Ťͷװողŷȵʣôˣ
㣬ôߵǰָͷȥıôˣ˳һδ״Ԫɡ
һָףһһۣҶƤ˺ü£ʵڰסˣֳӴԼϣֺõЦ˵ˡ
࣬ҵɷҲ˭أЩʧûأҴƽȥүݺò衣
ƽȥˣ̧һɨûʲôţĳ˳䣬ʾⶫڴǰСϡ
ݼװڵĲãߵǰҶûע⣬ϽŴԼϡ
Ѿ֣ûҪٺίߣݻӻ䣬ֱˡ
ҶɵˣûлĹݹػء
ݻصݣóһھȻûǺЦһǸļŶ뿴
ȻҪˡ
˵ʲô˽˽壬ⲻǸЦô÷ҶǲǱдŸŸ״ء
ݲţϸ
ֽһҳǶҶĹ֮дһҳ룬ʣµİҳ˵ÿʮپһĻ
ܺãŵҶûСһίͿ޿Ҹĸ
ֶλͦ࣬Ȼȥ̫̫ˡ
ܾȣѹǰûأԭǳԶˡ
춼ˣѵһҪ׷ȥѶʮء
ǧȥߣ̣㲻֪Ķɶ񣡡
춼СҺڳԭڳֵѾͷﱻˣ׳ӣǰо˵
ȷ˵ֻҪҶӣеľۻϣͨͨҪҪеһͷģƹ֮ģͷβһһȥһС롣
ԣ˳һֻһ͹ˣҪܳһ̡
ûҶǰĶǿӣֹʳΪ
û͹׷Ǹ⿪ˣѾͷ˵ǰѸһͰһͰԼᣬʵǿɶ񣬸˻Ĳӣ̣罵
ˣⶼ̫̫ںԣ߳ġ˵ȥн˵лҪ
⻹ûж̹ݵ磬ܿˣƽһѺ
̣ң
̬Ȼ㹧ϧҪǰԺЩ͡
ݺЦ˵й
һ㶣ģֻյһţȻүӹٵģӦóƲǹİɣ
Цδ䣬᣺үʱ˹٣ô֪أ
Ҫǻƽһ͹ͷϴˣƫƫݵʶ̣Цɵ˵Ǵˣٵүүϲ޹ְ
ŶЦȻүǹ٣ľͲǹˡȻǹģôụ̂ýģ
ûụ̂ǽүġ
ⲻƽô飬Ҳ̫˵˵ıܸҪùˣ𻰶ЩͰˡ
ôֻүӣҾ˲ɣѵҲܿţŤͷģȥүҪһ
ͨһڵϣķȥˣܿ죬ҶС˹ڵϣе㲻ԡ
ΪղģҶ費ЩƮƮȻЦʣôˣ
̧ͷؿеľɣίͰ͵ؽһү
ָϵţ˵үæҪҪд֣ҾȿˣүҰɣ
Ҷﲻ̫ˣʱû˵ʲô˳ţһĿʮпЦûʲôҪ£㿴Ϳˡ
Ҿ˵ôݿ⣬⸮һλӣүһңд˻ܣȻôͲܿˣ
˵ֶ꣬Ҷ裺СţøүҲӦõģֻҲ֪ͨһѵϹӣҪȻͷűͼأֻүںôŪң
̫Ҷ򲻸£ؿڱ̬Щƽļţ㿴ҿһСţҲɡ
ʱᡣ
˵Ц⣬ҶȣԽѵ⣺Ҳһģɼסˣ
Ͻ˸ͷסˡ
Ҷڰ֣ȥɡ
ҪͻȻšȻСˣȱҪһЩǷ˴ͲܲȻҾͲùܼˡүϰѹܼҵĻӹȥҲˡ
Ҷϲܼ£ֻ뱻źģЩԽԶԽá
ˣֻһ˲о˾˵Ķԣȷ÷
Цеؿ⣺ͷһﷸͷϰʱɣԺȥôҿҲѾѡ»ٷɾûôˡ


35 
Ժ棬ֱͦͷȴš
Ѿ˺ü˿ֺЦŭֲҿڸˣΪԺڵĲԶһྐྵӣһ߶ء
ƽ߹һţȡЦã㻹ûƣ
̧ͷһۣһΪү
ֱڣⶼûԼ״Ķֻ϶Լү
ƽϧؿǸɵӡȻҡҡͷˡ
ʱе˺ų̈ס
ı仯ǣŷյһҶĺлǨģԼҶȥ档
ŷûֱӽүСˣСԺ
ˣͽȥݿݿһԸүùأţ˰ɡ
Ҷ֪£ѾȥһʱǼȥģһԼϵˣǰˡ
Ҷ豳ϵȫˣлǨҲٴˣһأҶ裬Ҷ̡
лǨ½ɾҶĺѣ˶鶼ôһԺֵǼͶһԣ˶Ϊ˲Ҷү·࣬ӲӸӴһŵݡ
ŷȰøݿݿûбֻ̬Ըү͹ȥ
Ҷӣ˳عˡ
ȥͣ벻ȥ
ҶųţڼÿҪë˾ۻᣬʱԼھ¥ʱԼڼһһصʮֿġ
ҲеȤڼҲܷƵģϻһ²ߵģ˵ף˭ͲùңȥҲÿء
˵ţһ˫֣ϻֻӣʮָͺͺģָûС
Ҷ迴ֱüȷʵᡣ
ĸһָǿŵģ޲ÿָͷһ
ϻ㲻Ǵʮӣ˵ҪӵôôϣҼǵóҲнָġ
ݰһۣײõĶƽʱôôֱִģҲϲңֻʮʲôӣ
ͷôȥЩΣ
ǼãôŲãͷʲôϣ
ҶͲÿµļǶҲ֪ܼңÿ»ʣ²ӡ
ֻÿ¶øɸɾأˣҲ˳
ô죿Ҳû˵ʱ򡣡
͵͵ЦЦǰ˽ǮأóӦӦ
ٺ١ҶԺܲ˼ʲô˽Ǯÿ¶þ⡣
ŶԭǸϵ¹塣
ݵĹ۲죬ҶӦû˽ǮģһֱԺȲдǮǻʶ
ǻؾ˰ɣҾͲȥˣҲڼҰĶ顣
Ҷʱˣ˼ҳòȥأλ̫̫ڣ㲻˵˵ô
һ̯Σ밡Ҿ߳ȥ±ֻ˭ҵѾͷء
Ҷ輱תһ˵ɴȥǰ֧һһֽݰǶĺóʹؾܾˡ
ˣļ̬Űų˸⣺үһ⣬ֻǲ֪ϲϡ
Ҷæ˵˵
үÿµ㻨ǮǺܶ𣿳ԴǼģҲ꣬硭
Ҷ赹һ¸µ㻨ǮѾֻʣһˡ
㣬кãöˣ
һЦգգۣ죺㲻ֹ¸²㻨Ǯ¸¡¸ء
⸱ģƤҶ赢ɫټҲȥɢɢģֻܳʹصͷô죿
үϣ㻨Ǯ쵽ϡЦеģҿÿ´ʮͷ۳ʮ£ʹ¿ʼɣߡˡšʮպ£ҹиһܰҴˡ
Ҷޱ飬ݺ󵨵ػؿȥ
˶Ƭ̣ҶȰͷɥã㡣
˭ŵǸأ
ݻϲأСȡ˱үһһʣ̵ģֿ㻨Ǯ
ģҶ̫̫ռҼҾã¶ϱֽԸʮټƹĶļʮݾʹʮŹ֡
ӣΪڻʲôǮˣҲҺѣֻЩеȼλĿһΣһϸɾµĽĽָܹʮ顣
صңһҲҶ轲ΪԼĻһɡ
գҶ˸磬ţݿЩΪǳ͵ӡ
ȥ˼ͣܵôҲ̫ˣ׼˼ʳУִӿⷿҳƥϵȳС
ϴãù緹Žӳţֱлҡ
лſڣ˽ȥ½ɺ̫̫͵ˣлǨһӭ˳
⼸Ȼû˵뷨ȴһ¡ʶʶҶүӣ뿴Ц
Ҷ½Σͬ˴клǨ½һӦһ쳤ȥӡ
ں棬½Σ̧ͷлǨ½ɾͿסˡ
ˣһˣ˲Լͬš
л̫̫ҶòģϻЦݣЦҶˣ
ݣлǨΪ˸Ͻ£ּüŪ۵ضҶ˵ҶүһҶ̣ѹǰԼ㣬ԭǼнޣ᲻óء
˶ģԼȥŮòǳԼҲͺйʡ
ǣڳŮˣλòȫȣҶõ˼㣬ݰݼ
лǨǺ࿴˵ģ񲻺ϣֻȥǰԺŮںԺл̫̫д
л̫̫ҺȲ衣
һߺȲ裬һ߲ɫشл̫̫ݳȧǸͻƬ촽ģ˸оǸҲ̫ദˡ
վλС檣òǿһ裬Ǹһӣл̫̫ȣ̫ණӵת
λС檣ˮĻȽʡ̫̫ǺȹһյҲҪһЩʱ䡣һȵľͱȽ࣬һֱҡţ㻨ôһֱҡȣҲ۰
һ֪һйլļͥ
Ϊݶ࿴Сۣл̫̫æλҶ̣ͷһۼȥи񡣡
СŤ֫ˣʱл̫̫һԽܣҼҵķ
ǳõǸж̬ʮ㣬֫ҲŤøÿ


36 
ͷй˻صԭλã͵Ϊ̫̫ûע㲻ӣֻվںߡ
֪л̫̫Ҳһ۾ƵģŤͷһۣϽȣл̫̫ͷתȥƲƲ죬ֳ췭˸ۣͷ
ﾪȣϲԣ½̫̫ûƵģָԼС檣ݽܵҼҵӢ
ӢǰݸоλҪʵһЩжʱŤ֫һü˳۵ģ
СǶйԼôæﻹڽء
Ҷ赽ĶǸ˦ƹ񣬱˵͸ң½ζϷһµģͷһص˼ͣٶЩţ˲ˡ
ҪȥѶýл̫̫ˣҶ̣ͦСռǰɣ
šЦŵͷ
Ҳ㼱Ͱ͵ؼ޹ҶүεĲ֪ءл̫̫ЦҪٳЩҶ̵λѽɾͲˡ
ﲻˬĸŮ˻ϲ˵Լϸŵģ
л̫̫ΪԼӮˣͣЦڳһĳģñӽ˵ұ곤꣬дһá˵ӵĻ˵ŮӼǵڶͶ̥Ҫ˵˲㣬ӲأҪкǲŽͶ̥ɹżվȽŸҪŮ
˵½̫̫һۡ
Ȼһۺܿ٣ݺ½̫̫ˡݲԣǲ½̫̫ûӣ
½̫̫Ҳֻ΢΢Цţӻ
ң˵ˡл̫̫װģشһͣõǵȹӶĲŮѽֻҪ߸˸Ůȵ˵ھŸʮҲˡ
½̫̫ǵЦ΢ָֻܿ
ﰵ棬ѹл̫̫Ƭ촽ģƽʱ̱Ļ˵̫࣬ҲƬ
Ҷ̣㻹СͷŵֵģԽСԽѲ˶ΣԼûǸô
л̫̫˫һ̯࣬·ѾԤѲȻŮǮĶӣϹĲ״
ΪԼªˣǲͷĴ֮
ɻؿһ½̫̫˶Ӽ䣬½̫̫΢ɲĸһ
λӵûסһЦ˳
л̫̫ᣬĿ׷ŹŤͷصؽѵһƬΪúãЦʲôЦûأӳȥʮ֮ڲ
︣Թ޵¡
۵Ķˣл̫̫üչһЩݣʣ˵ǴģҴСڳﳤ󣬻ûȥءҪǲ⣬ǽܽܣ
Ѿˡ
ЩŮ˾ǰʱȣֽûݻͷòȲˣֻܴδ֣л̫̫ͷ䣬»ѣʹš
òһŮĶǾ䡣
Ҳû٣ٺõıв¡ϸл̫̫ղٱȵʹԿ̱۽ǵβƾ͸Ƶġ
ѹղҪƴСأ˼һѲ
Ȳֱ½̫̫ðһ䣬½̫̫ˣ
½̫̫ȥҲͶʮͷݻҲΪ½̫̫л̫̫Ҫһء
½̫̫ЦЦ󷽷ػشҽʮһˡ
Ŷ½̫̫ã۾񡣡ݵͷֿл̫̫֪л̫̫أ
л̫̫ʹΪѾʮˣҪǻ̫û׼ܱӡ
л̫̫˳ǣҲͱǴһˡȻͷȲ裬ʾټ⡣
Աʹһ㣬ȻЦеػش֮ǰ⣺ղл̫̫ʲôӵģҾͲˣ˲Ǹׯӵô
л̫̫ڶҲ븻ģòãׯӵĶǸ˼ңͨϰһԼķӾͺܲˣĻɽˮׯӣ
л̫̫Ҿڳײ㣬޽лǸ߼ޣлҲֻһӶѣȫܺҶȡ
ңлǨڶ飬궼Ҫһʿƫƫδ¿УлҵļҾ½ء
ǺǣҶ˵Цˡл̫̫²豭оԼٰһǵģ˵ҼûׯӣҶҺҲûѽ
ЦŰڰ֣ҹÿٺ»ֻôһ㣬ФЩ
л̫̫򴽣㶺أ˭֪ٵҪԴǸֻɫТ⻰˵үġ
Ҷ̣ҵʲôӵģ˵Щ˼õӣһܰӹεɽܡһ˵²ÿ٣˵ֻ٣ôл̫̫죬Ц۾гһ죬һ⣬˵Щţǲ
Ҫǻɱˣߵ̧ͷˣƫƫл̫̫ϵݡΪСڿͷռˣǾʹشˡ
ɫ䣬΢Цûϵѽһش㡣
л̫̫΢΢ǰ㣬̬ʮ֪һ˵˼éӶ޲ôģ˵Ҹû˵ĵطһô
½̫̫²յһ
Цݲ䣬һһشл̫̫ҼҵȻǵģҲȲϳ޵ءҪȥˣһŲǹζҵϰ˵ġҼһֻһ٣ʵ̫ݳˣ˶ǿԷģΪɺãͳƤԣܵôЩʳΪ㡣˵һܴ꣬˼ҲҪҼɲһӶһҲûϵҶ˭ҲЦ˭
̬󷽣˿Ť½̫̫һʱò׼˵滰ǷΪ׾ָͷϸۣҪ˵ôôܰ
л̫̫ǳˣϧݣǿˣҿ޽Ҷңǵˡ
´ݵĴţͷֻһΣϾһϸϸĽӣָҲֻһԼʤԷһأҪ԰һ¡
л̫̫Ըȥߣѽʱ˵ֶȡƥ
ȥˣл̫̫ݣҼ½õһӣûȥѴɲٴ̵ֶˡ
ţֶ½̫̫Цֻ͸ȴ͸㣬Ҽҵӿ֪ģֱȥҷԸƹĲӡ
½ֻ̫̫֪ǿæЦܡ
ܿŽйݺ£ȻЦŵллл̫̫ĺ⣬һˡ˵ǹҲǴģղˣѾͷȥý
ǩ
лҪ˵
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ħŮ 28ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


37 
ƥӣЩܲһֱôţ϶ȷŵȥ
ݷԸ񣺡ȥӷźã˳ҴǼʳ
ֻ˵ʳУἰĳУ̾Ͷ˼ˡ
ֲɵǮ࣬л̫̫Ŀ̱ͣͳиأ
ƥУֻԼľ񲹳
л̫̫ȻͳȥƥӣЩۣûֵõģΪлǨһֱ˵ҪҶүùϵߣȵ˸󷽵ѹһͷֱȫ°
Ƭ̺ĸʳУվ˼ضл̫̫˵һͷһس̫֪ͣЩʲôźãҼүִ£һ㱡л̫̫ǧ
л̫̫ʾⷼȥˣЦֻˣαطĴ񡣵ȽҶ˻˼ңȻָ㡣
ӹֱõȥͬл̫̫˼䡣
л̫̫˵еģһ죬һѼЩˣݵ̬Ҳ֮ǰһ
л䣬л̫̫ò̬Ȳ󷽣ģԽԽģ޵⡣
һʵʱݼװûԹˣҵĲʣ˭֪֪ʲôȻʣɾͱˡ
΢΢һЦʵڸéòŻӣֻǳЩˣҼһеģΪⶫԵׯкôţ໹ʹأ˷ѵ·أΪƽʱ߲ôģЩϽġ
½̫̫æȲѹл̫̫ɫף̣ʵ̲סŻæɷȥ¡
ЦںȲ衣
ɣ˭ĵù˭
ʱûˣлҵѾͷվģ½̫̫죬ûȰݣл̫̫˵ֻȥˡ
ȻڳõദУ½̫̫Ѿĥл̫̫ദķˡ
ҶƽϲܱԼĺ顣
ݳһЦգ۵ȱ˵ֱ̫Ȱһأ˵˶ҪҸһġҲ֪һʱ̵ĵùֻǶൣˡ
½̫̫ЦʲôˣһָָͷҲδʲô˼ҡ
Ȼݺλֻ̫̫ǳμ棬Ȼ½̫̫л̫̫ҪദһЩ벻ᵱѿ
ֻǵͷ֮ݣл̫̫ǹĿܺͬһҲҪܴԼܶõġ
ݣ£½Ҳֻ˸˲ҶǸɸɾء
½̫̫ЦҲأׯôֲˣȻġ
ݺ½̫̫˵һл̫̫ˣĨһۣҲµ⣬ʲô㤻ش
Ů죬ξǼҳ̣ݱȽٿڣҪλȵ˷㣬л̫̫ϯ
䣬ݹ۲쵽л̫̫θڲѣκδӵﳤĶӰר˻򶹸֮ԡ
ﰵЦùǣҶһ˼ҡ
ҶϯϺ˼ƱټϱлǨ½ɺһٷУַȢǸˣҶЩƮƮȻ˼ңҲȥ鷿ˣֱӻصݡ
ϴ£ȻȲ衣
ҶδЦÿİɣһȥ
ɺ죺ǲȥˣǹڼ߻
ϲл̫̫죬лǨȥǸɫһлͰԷ޼ֱᡣ
Ҷĸոյõ㣬һȥʼ侲
ϾԼӣʶһҲ͹ˣڴϼ滹ʶҶ̡Ҫմȥ˿϶ɵġ
ˣҲǿݣֻڼҴţ»룬һȥС
ǺǡһЦ㲻ˣҪǵһѮϢһء
ҶŴʾĲ⣬ֶݣֻվˣȥ˯
ȥһƳ鷿ȥ˯
飬ҶҲúĥһ£ôܰѷԲˣҲԹԵȥ鷿
ʵһЩ˵飬ڼڣݾˣڴ˯˸Сźϴ˳顣
̣һųȥһˡ
֣Щȡ
ҶЩУȻȴɫݺܹƽʱҲԼź̫̫˶ָֻš
ôʶȤһˣȻҲڱС
ݳ˼һСȥֹ
ֺܿˣ˵ֽ裬׼˼ġ
ģϻǳŵסЦʣ֪Ҫʲô
ݺЦԺĻ಻ࣿ˲˵ùҪҪɸѾͷȥ㣿
л̹ġҲЦľ͹ˣү̫̫ڣҲûٻÿհѼҾ߲һˡ
šݵͷּ֪ﻹЩʲôˣ
ԭѾûˣȻһֻҪ´Ҷȥ϶ҪҶˡ
̫̫ͽĽȨһݼҵ綼ҪүֵӿɱѶˡ
ݶ˻Ǻݵģֻ̱̬ܷģڸׯ϶Ȼ»ûׯӣ綼ġﻹɸСѾͷȥչ㡣
̵ֵı֤ʱЦۣϲ̵л̣ûʱأټ˵ա
ʱãݱ˳ˣȻ޹ʣô˵˷ųȥ
ܲǼĸԸŰɣô˭أ
ֵһ˲ĲȻ漴˺ܴľһ㣬̹ϵд̫̫ġԭӦүдүɢϲԺ飬̫̫ǰңÿʮ͸һŹȥ
Ҷյÿָţǵõȵꡣ
ôҶ̫̫ҲȫȻԼ룬̫̫õء
ϺЦ˵Ҳûʲô̫̫ǹءҲ֪ԼǸϱǰҲûܹң̫̫ҳʲôӣѲģҲԹ㡣
Եһæˣ˵ҵӣ̫̫ҲӣҼм䣬ʱǺ޲ܰԼ룬ֻŽ̫̫ҪԹңҲҪҡ
ֺȲ衣Ȱһز裬֪ͷдЩʲôַһͷ̫̫дңҲиӦԡ
ҲЦŻش𣺡̹ܼҹܵúãԭЩҲ˵ֻ̫̫׷Ҳ죬ˣ徲ˡϣ֪ء⡭
΢ЦŸֻ˵Ҳġ
⣬ү˯鷿¡̣һȰҲүЪһҹҹ־ӣҲ죬ôˣܻһ˿̫̫ȥ


38 
Ǹݳһ⡣
Ϳߵ֣ݳ̾һЩǳ᲻ðѴ󴲷ֳһҶأ
˶ҿͷĬֻСҳŵˣϽ߹Ȱݡ
̣Щү˯鷿ģʹã˵ﶼûҪǱү֪Ҳ˵ء
Сүָ֣ݼ߶ˣϽ߿˭֪СҲãţֹͣ
ݱ߶ܲˣֻõ˵ˣҾͽү˯˰ɣ
СҶʱ˵ͬһƵģЦŴӦһתˡ
Ҷ鷿ڤ˼룬ܺݰѷԲˡϧԹӲʹһ⣬ϣ
ڳüչʱСϲˣЦеү˵ЪϢϽʰһ°ɡ
ʰʲôأֲǰһԶҪСʰһԼ
ҶΪȻԼʰ޵ӢһЩһ߲·ȫźء
ϽлСңææشС˴ˮҪϴ裬ݺݴϴ飬ְֺͽϵָ׾޼һʧˣǡֵʱϲ̵ȥݡ
ݱΪԼһ˵ˣЩӱǰԼõģĽ˼ʻ˷ɫϵէһֱŮҵĹ뷿
Ҷһڼѣһ氵شܣľͬˣͷһؽƵģһʱﲻһʱ־ãԼѾӵ鷿ȣݼֱðڡ
ùҪЪˣҶɫЩ΢죬˵Ѿϴˣֻһ¿ڣȥʰԼùҡ˵꣬ͺڲ裬ƽ顣
һҲû˵ϴˮתԡ䡣
ҶԽԽ̲סʼС飬ͼĴ䣬дüϸ
ϸϸ飬ŮÿһλԼŶˣ¶һгЦ
ò˵˿̵飬¿Ҳضá
ϴ裬ߣǡúСӭײϡ
СҲܼΨ˾ҶˡССˣһȾƣү׳ˡ
С̣ЦЦСһһЦСĵض̽ȥѾƲ˷ŵϣҶ˵үСˡ
Ҷоƣض˵ͷ޵顣
ݿˣüͷһ壺Ÿù˭Ե£˳ȥ
Ҷ費ҲݲģСһ˻֣СʧҲֻ¶˳ȥ
ַԸſվŵĶţǶȥЪŰɡ
ţѾͷǶȥ԰ЪûҪڽǣһңҲ˼
˲ֻʣҶˣҶβƵĸݵԷǵ˼ϹҲƳˡ
ڴϣҶһЦεεѡ
Ҷһأɿؽ⿪ҪϵӣͻȻվһץס顣
ҶǼջģŮԼѣʲô˵
ǺЦ΢΢ͷֱضҶ裬˫ִﺬһϷ֮⡣
|ǵҶ迴˫ɢŨҵģһ˿˿һƣԴԴϣͬ˿ǧ֩뾫˲ͽȫסˡ
ԣҪǽָסˡ
Ҷͷһֻһ˫ָýʵʵ
Ҷûд󺰴УֻʲôδŹ淨Цʣҵʲôɣ
ݸ˸ᣬȻץ׹һˣǣߣ
ߣҶЩˣͰ͵ȥϰɣ
ͷһؾȥ£е㺦߰һղýǶȣ˵طô죿
ݲ񹴻ʹƵİҶǣǰ°һŰ齣滹
ͣסŲ˲ӣȻ͵һƣҶƵڰϡ
ҶһЦҺû齣һΪϲվء
ǺǺǡЦŲ֪ʱ׼õϴ°װͰ͵죡ų˵һ֣Ҿõ
˵ţһӴıϣҿվ˯ˣһǱ˸ղűԵϷĳ
Ҷ˶ˣŵؿһ޿
ݳûӦץŶһ齷ֵĿ϶дŽ˺üȦ˸ᡣ
ӣҶ൱ڱڰˣҪܾŰһߡ
С⸱壬˫ֱס£߰ʮصʵľ齣ǼֱΡ
֣˵˯Ҫ㷢Ϊһ᲻ϲһҲˣҵϴ°͸͸㶮ҵ˼𣿡
Ҷȣϧ߹ˣߣ˿ǱģҲͦ˵ġ
죬Ĺĵʣ㼸ʱŷſңȻԲֺαؽҽ
Цһ㵱Ը⣿˶٣ϣĵ˳ЦеϾǷޣܷ־ҲǸ취ᱻ˵лġˣԺÿ졪ҲӡЪһ
һ³ȥӣҲֻʣ¶ʮһѣһΣһҲΣݾ
ҶŭⱾĵ̣ҲӦǾ䲻ӣһŮ˵ԡ
Ҳ֪ĸ񾭣ŭһ룬Ťֺߣ·һ붼һ
ֻҪ֣ݲŲ˸Ƿתص׼˯
Ҷ̶ֱסˣֻӣ˯ʵڳƲһûС
ҸӰ
ݳţǿϧˣҪǴ죬öء
ǸĵĶҶ룬Ƭ̺ղûһټӣµҹҲ㹻ˡ
һҹߣ˯ȻѣմӴӣҶͿʼлˣɿҪȥ¡
һû
Ŷ´⿪ĺӡӡ
㡭Ҷ󶼹˲࣬۽žͳȥ
ϻ˦ϣôǱ;÷ǳˡ
һҹ
ҶȻϴźȲȴ緹ʱϵ飬ŭֽ
ˣأţȻƵı˰ϱŹһʵڲ񻰣Ӧѵݣ


39 
ݺŲ裬һҶ裬һɫ֪Ƿʰˡ
Ҷˣйǲģ˼Ͻѱ
ݷ²豭Ҳϴֻӹʵ硣ǰ˵һֲϷ磬˵ˣˡ
Ϸ׳Ʒ|Ҷ˵ģȸеֵǣݴģ
ɵʣĸͲˣ˭˵ģԣĸڣ˼ӦҲͬ㽲顣
ʲôȥӱϴѣµĸЩǿǰ޽ɵġѾϰ˦˦׼ȡ
˾ǴףͥڵģҲ´δĹǡ
ʮֿ⸱ĵ̬Цһѵ˸ǺõĲɣ
ԶĲ˵ֻսӴл̫̫ݲôн
Ҳ˼Ķк˺ͻˡҶ費ִΪԼʧڶǸǡݸղӹأʱͲˡ
Ҷ첲˻ӣб۾ұƽ߶ˡ
ſھǣӸߡ
ҶŴһʱ벻һð취֤Լ顣
ݹⶺȭҪȥԺҿۣ
ҶһأǸ˹ˣţӲѧЩ赶ŪĶǴҰ򡣡
˵⻰ʱбһݣ˼ϴ°ҲǸ׵ģֻҲмƽϰˡ
úֻʣҪȥԺȦֻҪһʮȦҾ㲻Ϸ硣Ȼ͵ϣү̫̫̻ˣ
Ժܣֲǵʧķ裬˿˻Ц
вУɺͳҶżӣƻԼ󣬵ǵ£ҪħˣֻܲʣѯݣôһбķҵġҸ˵ҴţݣǺģҲҪţȥԣ
ʲôԣݵһۣһأҲŲ
˵ţȻ⣬ſԳŸҿҪأҾ㡣
ʲôǸԳţû˵
ſڵϣ˵
вСҶҡͷְ֣ôˣſڵʲôӡ
֪ǸЩӰˣ߹ȥغţŻһţû˿ˣϽſá
Ҷ費ϣ˿齣̫Щչȥϣ
ԸˣʲôʱѧɵʱԲ
޶ţ˭żԵ޿ֲ֣¡ҶһƱ㰫һأڽڰˡ
˿棬Ѿͷÿ춼ɨģɾҧҧ۽Ȼ踺ذſڵϡ
𣿡
żŵأűֱͦϥǲŵ棬أ˫֧壬£סҪƽƽ䡭
ݾѵƵģʱʱýȥȰưڱ׼
ҶЩΪ飬һžݸϽ|װҾ棬ٸ
Ҷ죬ҲٸоΪˡ
Ȼ
һ
ûˣΪҶѾ۵˶ſ˵ϡ
ݺسЦֻ֪ڵ񣬾˴϶𣿡
ָͷǰ˻Σ̾Ϣ£ֻܶ¡ҶүҶţԸھ㣬𣿡
ҡ
|⵽볰ЦǸ˶ܲˣȿͷҪӿ¡
Ҷһˣӣֳɹһһ
ݼƴ£үɲаǸϽɡʲôʱһٸǿǿҲԲˡ
Ҷ购ӵɫڵͬס
ھϣлǨ½ɴԼôôӺС檶ε÷ģһ˯ʮضڻ¡
ȻҶ֪⻰϶ЩˮݣҲδɹԼĥţԼһҹʮأĴεͻеġ
ֻϧû֤ĶΪҲֻΪѡ
ڣݸͷһԭԼȻȻ
ʵڲȥˣôʹѵǿһԵʵ̫죿
ݿͬǷ˰˰ĺĵòˡ
ԣҪĥҪӾϴҲҺҷɧ
Ҷû˵ֻǳ緹ʱֳһɺݾŭ࣬Եͷ̵ģ
˷Ҷ費ſڣ±ڵķ˻ᱻ³
Ҳ˼ݣΪȢţԼûãҲ֪ȥβü
ҳݵķ˵ͷתҪ鷿ȥ˼θʵ͵żʱַһ
θԶЦֲ֧СҲͬؿһۣҶıӰĿг˵ǡ
Сң̣ݺʳү͹ȥɣ
е㣬ûСˣ˵͸ûˣôţôѰ
ţϾͱ˵ˡ
ϻҶһսʵˣٲұָۣԼԼʮĸˣ˵Ҷ̣ˣأʮһ
ŵĽܣݲ֪˽ֻжʮֻ꣬ӹ࣬࿴ϡ
ǰ꣬Ķˣȥɷˣżݲֲȥҿɩǵɫټޡ
ݾϲֹϵ򵥵ˣֻջд֤
Ҷ̣ڸ죬⣬ʱٽӡ
ݵͷԸСȡһӳţЦȲġϻؾ˵ҪȲ裬ҿɲƭˡɡ
ϲüЦݺݵذݷһֶͨӺúȻˡ
Сȥϴ裬ٻһƵѣȻȥϤһĸҪء
ҶԳˣСûԹô࣬鷿ֱܵߺߡ
ƽʳ裬ٺ³ͺˡ˵ְ˸ۡ
Ҷǿֻһڲ裬Ȼ鷿תȦĥƵת˴ʱ΢һЩ
ӲôܣһΡΣʼղԼֻŮ϶£
ǣС쵽鷿ţԼ䣬ûſڵϣֱȥ˴ϣѱӺͷƿݽ̵ƣʼ
ͷȽ˳ʱڶҲڶͬ˷Ƶģ˶òѡ


40 
ҶſڴϣÿȥЪһЪЪټ˽ӵʱ䣬ʮԳš
ʱҡ
ı֣û飬Ҳ֪㲻ˣϳǸ
һʱ䣬ֺҪ֪˲ã᲻˫˫ȥ
ѵҶҾҪ˸Ҷ˼αᡣ
޹̹һ㣬¸ҵ˴ҳֽʣ뷨Լ
ȣҪץʮʮһ
ֽдڣԱٱעһССʮ֡ÿ춼¼һ£һɳġ
Σҽҩصеص㡣ȻڱѰҴ©ǿɾ̫ˡ
ҶҧűʸˣҲ벻취ˣŰн
Ҷ࣬ѹѰôһ£пƵĴʹһģľŷḻѡȲң۲һ£ǲ檳ɶѣŮȺ
ҶҲûɵףҴԴҩһԼô죿
ǸǸ汾µģȰԼʮֺá
ûɵʣпƴʲôүﲻϴкü
Ҷ֮ԽƽΪȻǺܻ飬˺ʵϣֻҪԸսͣµӼܵϣҲ©һֵġ
Ҷ賤̾һֱԵҺ̡ڴϡЩгԡ
ϵܲҵôһζ⣬һҴأ
⾪Ŀɿڴ
ѹƢô꣬үôأ
С˶곤˵˭ҪڴϲԼ⣬˴һᰤģаġ
һ̣ⲻݲͬ飬ϧԼү
Ҷ裺үģ֪µԣҲڱˣͷҾʰȥҡ
⣬үҵδɾȫϵˡҶʮָжȥʰֻ˵Ҫؼ̽ףһֶ˵
үҶġᣬʰҲ죬Ѿˣֻǡ·أҪҵ˺ôҪԤһɣ
Ҷֻһ룬
ҶͷһеᵽûǮʹ࣬Ĩһţȥ̣ٸԤ֧һ
˵ţҪߣΪղ಩ʮԳţڴСȱ˶Ҷү˵һѵս
ʹҲһȫµ顣
һ·ŷȶڴӡ
ֻΪ̫ѹģϽַһѣүúͬ˵ҪǷƢЩϾҲס
Ҷľ˵ͷȽ˺Ժ
ڳ۲س˵緹磬Щ˾͵ǰ׼
һسﶯҲܸɾϸͺ⡣
Ҷ費ϽֻСȥݹˣЩˣ㲻鷿飬ʲôæء
мҪ˵ҶЦ
˵ɣʲô£
˴˵Ⱦ˷纮ؼȥơ
Ҷ豾˵ļˣﲻʹʱĿڣ˵ﲡˡͬʱĬĬ˾Բס
纮֪ⲡͻϽؼҿȥТģؼŻҲȱôһСˣڼҶЩӡ
Ҳװһǩ˶ӵˡ
⻰Ҷ⣬Цˣҽͷˣûʲôӣ¸²ǻʮôԤ֧ʮңҺø⡣
ûΪֱӷԸСȡʮȻЦеĶҶ˵¸㻨ǮֻŶүǸˡ
ǺǡҶǿջЦҵСˣȻӦöչһġ
Ҷȡӣߵ鷿⣬֣صؽӹװȻҶΣѰҽȥˡ
ת۹죬ݶĳ⣬ʹظӣǩ
ԣӾڳ£ݴȡѵ²ÿֻ|С˳ȥˣлأúܾȡ
лǨ˼ӣԼҶȥҶǰͲãڼͬƵģֺ¡
лǨ½ѧľɫ֮ͽھ̸ıŮˣǰҶǴüãȻǸ֮ͯ˲ֻҲͨѾͷġ
һȾһ³ĸããݿʤɡ
ڣҶ货һĲ˻֪ԼȰ˰أºȶ¶ţҪǴȥɾ군ˡ
ˣлǨӣ²ȥԼڼ͵͵ϰԳš
ܿͽ£һһ죬Ҷú磬ݣ۰Ͱ͵صݸ㻨Ǯء
סЦ|Сø
³ǶڣݼԼТģûūһҶ
ҶӣˣתҪߣݽס˵ϾҪˣȻԶҲܺޱʾӣյһ˵˯Цѡ
Ҷ·ʲô췽ҹ̷Ƶģ˲ԶҳѾôˣͷŹҰɡ
⼸Ķܼ尾ûԼСֵֻһ裬ǰҹԲڷˡ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪֻҪһղԲһռ£ܰοԼŪˣԼݵġ
Ҫ˴һľֻܶôأ
һ뵽µһĻͺ޲ǰȥһԣϵԽԽã˵
ݲ֪Щ뷨ֻ͵ѵ㶼ʮˣֲᣬ粻ܿǮ׬˵ϣʲôãأ湫Ÿеʹġ
Ҷסˡ
ΣԼܴڽӴҶҵڣôһʱѿˡ
ݼֻıТģôԱĹ֪鶼ȥˣ
ԽԽŤͷԸ񣺡Ŵ׺ҶȻүȥǾͰѶȫùҿ
˵ֺ꣬ݺݵصҶһۣʲôëƨûУ˼һء
Ҷ߲ѣ˵
ܿ죬ӵĸֲ϶ˣͷƽʱõķϣݻ๤һʾȻضҶ˵ǴԼܸɣү㿴ϸ㣬úøѧѧӣ


41 
Ҷίίѧӣúܲ˷ʮҶر޲֮£ڰģˡ
չһٸ
ֻ¶ʮԸ͵үԣʮȥظţʣµĶʮŽռҵĽͷʱ˵ǹүְģظһܿġ
׼Ľ񣬵Ȼֹʮӣ⻹СҺʮӣ״ҶҪóһأ֮ǰõļѣԼļʳ֮Ķ
׵׼ˡ
Ҷȥģ˵￴ϣŪñ˴˶ˡ
ǣôڳҲģϾǸ㻨Ǯˣ׼ҪȥѰ¡
ʹСң֪ʱļڣݾǸĥҶĺûᣬǷԸȥүʰһ
Ҷ֪һجģĿܣͬ
ҪȥֻԼȥסҲʹõģڼҳ飬дƪ֡
㡣˵ĻһҲţ˾鷿ӵģʵʵ֣
ʵ˵˺øʲô£ǺȥȻƣȥĸСѸ
뵽Ķȥˣûе¡Ҷɫ̹Ȼû˵Ҫβ
ݻңͿԴƽĴҽƫҲС
ݺЦһȻûУͺһҡŮֵϰӣԶҲͰˣռôǹڣ˼¶棿
ҶƿԣݲϻֱӷԸƽȥ׼
գ³һù緹ݾͺҶռҶȥ
һĶأĶˮˮģĶСһĶ߲˹ϹԼֶࡣ
ΪŮڳĻ߳Ż˽նڵæһĶӡ
ĶأٰѵطһžҪףռҸ׳Ҳæòɿ
ͣռſڣֻԺŽգƽǰţûӦ͸ŵķ϶Ƭ̣ȻҶ裺үûڼҡ
СԸµһڵɻȥҡ
ȻռҸӲҪСµظɻĵ֪ġ
ʱ˶æո֣ҲûйΧۿ֣Ҷݾվڴſڵš
ͻȻˣǰӣʹ綼æţ˼һԸɿţ
Ҷ費ŵ
ʲô˼ѲԼҪµũ
ҸʲôҴСûĻ㿴Ҹ糤öʵһ˫첲һǯƵģⶼǳũĹͣġ
⻰ɦҶûطԼأ
鷿͵͵ϰԳţõĳɼһЪûкŮʵսľ飬Ҳ֪̫ˡ
ʦδ̹󣬵ʱҪѯʆ¡ߣǰ˵ر࣬˶ţ
ңôˣѶͣﻹ˼ѧĶǴСʼѧġ
˼룬䲻ҩɡ
ȻѾңЩũҲԼܲһТ˳ֶΪأ
ţ˵ĶԣȻҾ͸һµءҶͷ
ƽ΢΢죬ʲôҲû˵
ܿ죬ռҸ͸СһˣϴЦִ߽ٵص˵մŵҳЦôʱˣһΪҪء
ΪµظɻռҸ⴩ƾɵѣҶ΢΢üȴкںͬ˵ʹô
֪ģΪлأ
ݰһۣ˭µظɻ˿У
ݣŮȻͶһȥˮϴϴ֣Сæŵ裬ͷһռҵ֪ԼøЩʲô룬ȥСҵæ
ˮŰԼϴɾֿŻϴն˵Ͻһõѣ÷˵˵ʣµǵһ˾͹ˡ
նϣȥĻ
ִʱݴݳˣ߹ЦʣʣµĻô
ࡣնŻش𣬡ʣĶû˵ЩҲûء
֪ǲҪԼȥũҲᣬҲͲˣֻЦ˵Ұһð֣үղ˵ˣѵһˣһҪúøɻТġ
ռҸסΪԼˣŮܸʲôЦˣϸƤģһӶ
ΪݳȥˣĵҶ׼һӾ⻰ʱܴ
ĸ˲Լڱ˵ӡӢµأȥƵ̫Ҳ˵ǻ
Ҷգǰ˵ҺôҲǸӺĻܱȶ黹ѣ
ԥһȰ֪˶ĻأԲݿࡣ
˵ˣˡҶͦţŬΪԼݹݣǺġ
նͷЦƴסЦȰүһ԰ɣһƬТģôܲأҪǼˣһүТ˳˵иŮأ磬һѳүϣ̣ӡ
ּ״Ҳ˵ʲôֻʡĻŮ
նҲãСǰһϸ·óҲֻһضѡ
Ҷ豾뻻ѣǵͷԼһȷģѣǾò㡣
סǹɲնѣһŷֺܲʣ󣬶ӺͿͷָͷ
̾˿̵ʶԼն֮Ĳ࣬һ˲䣬ޱĽնʵͻ룬Ҫܻͺˡ
ֺСݵĲ裬Ъ˿ʹŶӺŮȥһ·ϣջĿ⡣
дռ϶ǸС˭
Ҷֻǻһѣкܶ˲ʶˡ
ֺǺǵŮͶ˵ﻹлû꣬ҪæȰȰס
ӴŮ治
ԺԼĿޣش̼Ҷ裬бһ|ĽһҪеĻ꣡
ͷӽӲӵģʼ񣺡ҽŸնˣŮѵµһˡ
ʱ䲻˰ѵնǴ죬һ꣬Ҫˣ˵˵أ
صһͷɶѳɶѵİѾõӣֻŰ˻ؼңն׼ñⵣͷһһͱӣŽһȥһ
Ҷ迴ۣȻĿԶ
ǩ
лҪ˵
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ħŮ 12ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


42 
ԶǱ˼ҵĵأǶץʱũСҲˣڴһ˵˵ЦЦһʰ롣
ҶüôܸСĻⲻƲô
նװӣҪؼȥҶǰıⵣ磬
նﲢöҲôĻԣЦԣл
еģСˡҶһ˵һڳĲũⵣġ
|ѱⵣһţȻһվ
ûվ
Ҷӣɽ
նŤͷҧҧûԼЦתͷλ÷ڽеڶγˡ
Ҷþȫͨ죬죬ǡվ
նæοֻǸոģءɣȥһ©µľͺá
һ˵һȥӱⵣ
Ҷ費Ϸ䣬֣ҪһΡղû飬һеġ
÷򰡣ûо
նĴ̵ʵٵȥЩ͸ɲˣϽȡһӣ̫ˣԡ
ռҸũĺִ֣ÿһӶʵʵԼʮҡ
һٶʮռҸ˵ȫ⡣
ǣҪӵҶүҪӣնֻܰˡ
Ȼ˺ЩҶһվˡ
ǣͷһҶƽҪԣûվⵣм䣬ⵣֱΣҲҶҶӰҡҰڡ
ҶӴӴӴиͣ˾վӿĺƵģ۳žҪˤˣնæһƱⵣλãЦˡ
ٺ٣д磬Żؼˣ
ϵ·𣿡
ϵáҶŵӣϺ˳խС·ߡ
ն˵Ʋԣֱͦתһ룬÷òײŰѵҪҪˤˡ
ʱ䱦󰡣÷ԼɣðŸأ
ƽհԼϰͲүʹСҺϽ˳·ңȿүڵģŵһż
źүʹûүɻϴЩ˰šٵݹȥġ
١үƽعŵ޴룬ôֻܸأţ
Ҷͷϳһ㺹һ£ҵҪˡ
ƽЩ˵㾢ȵذѱⵣҶƿٷŵϡ
ҶһߴһƽݹӲʲô
СҺڳԺ￴羰ƽһ߻شһæӸүȷ硣
Ҷ軹ףƽؼң⻰һ⣬ǰ߼˸Ϳ˰ӣԺǰվš
羰Ǽ٣¶Լ档
Ҷ贷˴۵߻ȥץűⵣҪϷţƽæҶأҴҲڿţŮŮ
ƽڨЦ֡
ү˵⻰ûӵģȴ
Ҷҧӣҡҡλߣض˸ƽںţʡࡣ
ߵǰһЦҡӵӴǵҶүڿ죬ȥʮ˴ĶҪΪ׼Ůˡ
ݲ࿪ӣҶԺӷ±ⵣݸǰգЦͣҲ¡
ȻǰķŴݲòϣĳ໹Ǻܲġ
ƽʱԵЩ԰׵ɫΪ˶΢΢ź죬ȥ˺ܶࡣ
ֱģŹ⣬ҪͷС̹ʮϧ
ϧݲͨˣҶˣϧǿҪĴأ
žһ죬ֱõҶͷϣĶĶ͵ˣϽȥһˣҵ͸ɻڵأ
Ҷ򴽣ץűⵣߣƽں氥һүѾԺţϽȥСңûеڶⵣҲһ㡣
СҶԼũߵİڷλǷǳģƽҵһⵣƽץܡ
ֺնӣҶڶˣ˶ЩԾټһƽȻÿÿֻ͵ֵһնˡ
ˣũĽչһӾͼӿˡ
ͷԽԽߣƽ磬ȵҶǳӲɣʹ·ܲƵģԽԽо˿ٻ˵Ĳͣ¸ɡ
ڣʣµİĶȫ˻ؼҶһûˣоѾԼҲԼүΪʲôûУΪҳϿǸͷʵ̫ˣ׻Ĵۡ
ȻصңҶƽմӺƵģʪ͸Ų쳣ء
СһˮһЩˮҶϴ˸裬Լѣµڴϣض˵Ҳ緹ˣҵһɡ
ȭͷϺݴ˺ü£˻һʱĻͰڳ⸱ģȫҵŰ𣿡
⼸ȭͷǡôʹĵطʱ໵һۣ
ҶתתؽڣίͲܻط϶ֺס
ת£־ϲԺһˣٸ¡
ǲв
ٴƫƫֻߴٵû͸ϽԷҵġ
۹ۣҲĶˣҶԹԵȥ÷
ǰְһͨ䣬ҶƮƮȻ˵ŵԣʲôôҶġ
кС󶼷ֲҶ裬Ϊ˾ûʲôˣԲŸºڡ
û뵽ֺǺǵǻУȻˣȴܻţЩȥ̫ˣò㣬ڼЪŰɡ
ҶŲ豭ֽ˽룬Ӧò̫ۣڸӣȻ󶪼ô
ʹڣڿҲֲԼӣôɣȫȥ߸
أһŷҪʼգһһȥס
Ťͷݣǽ첻ȥˣŮ˵ͷܸˣܺŮദһ죬ȻǺõġ
ֻعͷ´ıŮʶһƵģĿͣЦȻݶˣһֱͬǶˣӸʵǸһߵøԶ˵Եģдְɣ±ʲоȻдֶġ
Ҷ£Ц־ܺãһµء
ֳ־һȣݵ廨ȭͷɱȵģһȥĵҶֱ
Ͻץƨ|ɵµĵӣԼ̲ס
ǩ
лҪ˵
ǣĩÿ˫
ղءۡ
ףĩŶ


43 
һռңҶ軹겻£ŴСͳ죬ԸŶǶҲ϶Щˡ
һأһʱԵʣԵñ˭㣬׷룬Ҳȥܶࡣ
ռõҶͬҶСֵĻ˵ҪǰŴЩһ뷹һھܸٸɾ
ռҵٱҶĴ׷Сʢģòѹʵʵģݹţһװɷ
һ£Ҷһ˾ͳԵٰ׷ս¡
ЦۣŮ˵͸Ӻأ͸룬ķСٸʢһ
áҶո죬ûס˸ıãߵͨ졣
ֹЦԱ˷ٴãˣϰ룿
ˡҶɬذڰ֡
ҲǣնľѶˣũҲˣıܷӦʲôأ
˷ֻϢ˰ʱͷ˵ͷȥˣôˣǳɡ
ҶһΣϣĲ붯
ͷλεعأȥˣ
˼£ˣµŵڶôġ
Ҫȥµأݰ͵Ժſڣû¿ɸɣǻ˯
˵ͷֿŸøɸɾأȻһҸԺС
һӣʼŻȰ˳ˣóͷٰѵطһڿӲˡ
ʱŵģһһָ೤ˣЩ
Ҷ迴ޱȵĵأѵ¿ˮ
еĲһ
ĹռҸѾɻˣץ|סһˣҲץһ飬ͬʱһᣬɾͳˡ
ҶûעԼһְ|һֻһ鿴Сģһᡣ
ûᶯ
ֳȥһ룬һᡭ
໣ҵģ
ЩִϣһЩϸСẹ̈Ҷ˫ֻչʺͿӵ֣ܵͲҽһ
æĻ첽߹һץסŮ֣˿Լȥ£Ȼָ˴
Ҷ۵üëӣôоֱë̻Ҫأ
Ҫûšһ
ַɫڻƣũ˶һȫӲ룬Ѿγһıǣ԰˲ź
ũ࣬Ҷ̾
ҳǮ뼸̹æҲЩ
ʲôЦƵģЦǮѵϵģ˶̹ʲôвסвסġ
ն߹˵Ҫ÷Ǻóͷذɣͷʹ˺üģľͱĥ͹ˮǸĥ֡
ԶԡͷֻҪñأˣȥء
һԷŴũߣҶһȥĳͷ󣬿ʼء
һ£ûڵԼĽţһŴʮ־ÿһ¶رϸ
ռҸڸɻļ϶һۣģһЦ
ģҶоֿʼˣĺʹͷϵĺҪǮƵģһµΡ
ҺֺնǺ֣ǺܿͰˣһҲЪͷͷء
һֱ磬һĶظʰˣȻҶĻûʮ֮һԼࡣ
ƽûиųڼѡ֡ҲѡһΣѱĻСĶҪ
ƽõӹ־ܣ˵ϽڿӡŮ͸Ǻ涪ӡ
á
Ҷ豾۵˶ήˣŶɵĻǿץһҪﶪŷ֪һҪ
źã
նش
ŶŶҶ迪ʼСͷʳƵģһһ
ƽҪžʮŲˣһҲԼУùͱƽˣƽȥ
նһеӣҶ跢Լ̫档
ôһһҲɣΪܲ˰
Ķĥĥ䣬ռҸæȻʱʱֱͦˣץһһӣܵģ˵ãڵġ
ֻһ͵ûĶˣýżЩݲһ¡
̫ɽˬҶﻶܻؼ˰ɣĻٽ¡һͻؼҡ
ʣµĻٶ࣬Ҳûʲôϵˡ
ֲ˰Ѻһ磬ֻӻĴ֣ʮغ컹ûڣ죬ץѾܿˡ
Ҷʱᡣ
ݴˮ
֣һӣŸ̶Լ̵ġ
磬ȵˮԵ㶫кԼˣȻֵҶ裬ЦеؿүˣЪһЪ
ôˣֶ³ͷ߹ͬС;ˣɹأСİɹˡ
Ҷ迴ѾɽͷֹȻģԴŮŮǲһ
ֹֹһˣоģߵߵܹȥһ̶ֿģȻֵĴߴ£ס
ȰһĶȫ꣬ҶоԼͶһ̥Ƶģؼҵʱնŵġ
ֲߣڵ飬һһŮӼ
ֻؼʱڵմɩҲŹˣں˵
ûܣ϶ҵŮæµظɻϢ˳Ƶķɽÿ˵
ò̫ãбҪͬܵ˵һ˵Źˡ
һϴ֣һ˵磬ӲµصģҲûסǵþТģô죿
°ͳ˼һ󣬡Ҳǣ˶ȻҪҲҪʶȤɹЩ»ˣҵҩͳĨĨ
ֺնũͲˣҩͣǵȥ򣬶ʱˣûȥֻҽҲˡ
ֿŮӹʵ̫˵㣬žͲٵģ浣ŮҪعѣ޲ܶŮأ
СҰˣ÷մɩҲ˳ƲˣЦ˵ɩأҲġ
մɩĴѳףϱƽʱҪũæµء
ݼŲߣýźҲ֪ĸڴʲô⡣޷ǿռҵĻòˣռҸҸɻ¡
᲻ø׺ʹۣͶ˵ĸҵĻҲ˰ɣҺү粻ߣŻسء
մɩƤٺҲ֪ҶүռҸͣҪȵ죿
һ죬ͶһݷգһأѵҪӶڵ
ˣùմɩͰʾ˸ûؼˣ컹ɻء


44 
մɩҪؼңȴ᲻ߣֶŮ˵˵
ǣҶƣɫ극ʹ˸ǷҲûɫˣǣմɩؼȥˡ
ռӲ࣬дһ䷿ôһӾͰŲҶݾ˯ǰǼ䷿СҺ̶Ըһҹնƽͬ˯ƽң̸Ǿն̡
ݵӣҶ迴˵ʵ˵ǾǼªһһһױ̨ټӣȻʲôûˡ
ûа齣ζҶҪôͬ˯Ҫô̡
ݵѡߣǼ̸Ҳģʵڲˡ
Ҷ͵ôҲһ죬ֱ˯ϣҪǲˣûӸβչ˲Ҳһ׮鷳¡
ԣݴģ΢΢̧°ͣڴ˯
Ҫ缸⻰Ҷϲץʱףˮޡ
ҪƲסԼǲô죿
Ȳ˵ûǷѾ۵ָͷ붯ˡһʮµģսȥͽһᱻݵһӵЦϡ
ҪҶηηҪһǴ̰ɣҲ˯
һٸԳˣЦһͷشߴû£ûж̸ǣѵҪϱ˼ҽ裿ˣԸʹùĶϽϴ¡
ҶŤŤ˴ֳ˳·°ڣ·ݾһɫħƵġ
ÿֱϨ˯
Ҷһκζһȷʵۻˣһ۾˯ȥ
˯ѾѲߣϽ´¡
ƽվԺĶ֪үˣ̶ϴˮźϴ
Ҷ˳һأ
ءƽүȥ￴ׯȥˡ
ҶԣΪ컹ũҪɣŵϴˤл
ƽæЦŻأү˵ûˣүڼвסÿնҪȥͷ鿴һġ
ŶˡҶؿڣ¡
ȥռһũòˣݲø׺ʹȥĸӲҶһ죬ֱسǡ
һصңҶϽ鷿ʹʹϴ˸裬ȻſĴϣƽĨҩٰͣһӣŰ˯ˡ
ݻصСԺϴ󣬴˼£ҪЪһЪŷһŽˡ
Ҷ̫̫ģݲ𿪿ˣҶ̫̫ҶүյְӣȻĵòˣеޣżƱö㻨
ݺεûȻװŷ⣬ݸ񣺡ȥү
ȥˣҶ˯죬ƽҳӹŷŵһߡ
Ҷ˯ѣƽϽ̫̫ˣҶӹһ˵ƱƱأ
ŷ⵹ʲôûУģְ۾ȥȷʵǸտӡ
ҶһţѽһǱ̸ˡ
ӾԺ壬һݾʹʣҵƱأ
ݹ֪ʲô
Ҷ輱ˣһѽĵϣ۾˵ˣ
Ŷ˵ɫģĵҸ˰
ʲôȥȡдô
ʲôô˵ҪǺ㡣
Ҷ˵ԼҪȥѰƫݵë޲ء
˵ݳЦãҲԤֻŮ϶£Ͼûʵʵ֤Ҳֻһֲ²ѡ
Ҫ˵ԼҽҩⲡҲˣܲ˱Ŀ⡣
룬ҶŽţƢݣҪʲôֻܰƱˣن£Сҡ
݅һ²豭ߵǰ㻹Ҳɣ
Ҷ豻ƼˣƵػ˻Ӹ첲ڲԵʹ㣬㻹ô
ǺǣһЦ
ŮˣĻԼţ
˭ù˭䣬ǰһվһţݵǰ档
㡭ҶͷᣬҲûĶֻ֣˵ŻŻˡ
˼ҵһڿֻһˣȴߴԱ˵Ů˶֣˾Եõˡ
۶֣һغˡ
Ҷ迴ƣ֪ǽ˻ڵģߺߵ˦ӣתߡ
ϣҶϽԺ÷ֻƽѷ˸˵鷿
ݲŲں㲻Լ÷ǻ飬ﻹ
ǷѵϷ¼ӣũԴġ
û뵽˸һصҾͳԼӸ첲УӲĸûˡ
ӵģɷǮôˣ
ɲԭͻݵƵģʲôã
Ų裬飬뷨ʰһ٣ý֪Ҿ˭
СŽ߽Ọ̇̄үŻүõĹү¿ɲˡ
ݿһۣ˵ʲôζ
ĿеĺùүϱӰǺÿɲأ
СҼһûûۣΪԼĻˣ¸ߣ̣룬үõһ˰׺ÿ춼ڼ㣬ûͨҲӲȥѰ
̲סЦ
ǲûǮѡ
ϵ඼ԼѹξˣıǮȥڼҲֻٰ֮ˡ
СңңүԸµذũأôѵá
ʱһֻӴǰɹֻ˻ӣСҼˣΪֲͷЩˣæס졣
ôˣֹ
СҶһȻôһֻӣϽȷӣһЦ콥ˣЩóҲûˣͷҵϣ׼ǶѬȥ
һЦзԸ㣬ž˱ܣ˯ǰӶ߾Ϳˡȥ֪ͨүһ˵
ʱүһҪͬЪ˼Сϲ̵ģүˣһͶ˵ûүϲûһˡ
ɲôĳһ˵ҶǸɵӣܺúŪֻҪ˴ϼ䣬Ʈò֪Լʲô׾ͱǣűˡ
֪ˣȥү
СЦЦϽȥˡ
Ҷû뵽ݻϾݵԸռҾͬģĹ涨һͬͬݹҹõȵ߰Ժ
ѵ¶һ࣬ͰסˣҽȥǸģ


45 
ȻҶԼŲֹ۵̬ȣûˣĻûģ΢еǣȼ
ôһεεòӣʱܳԽҪܳûС֣ҲǼõİ
Ҷ˷ܣֵص˵ͷС˵֪ˣȽȥɣһٹȥ
ҶҪһݣѼӶ˵ø߸ߵģ˰ʱŽԺ
ݡ
Ѿϴˣһǳɫĳ¿㣬·ǳģǵ˽űʲôţҶ裬ֻһۣסˡ
ȻعҶšü˵Էţôܵˣ
ȻСԺźĶѾͷʱǰСҲػһСıײǿɾ̫ˡ
﷭˸ۣҪҪϴ裬Ҷش˵ԼѾϴˣ߹ȥŹغá
ҶһֻϵĲ豭ڳһںı飬ҽҪʲô
Ɑ裬ǸҾΪԭ㡣
ݼһֱŲ豭ΪڿˣͺĵȰһ䣺̫ʣȰٺȲ裬ϴһϵ򡣡
ҶԶԸѿ˲ͺ
Ϊݻ˵Щ͵ĻͬԼû뵽һھͽԼϵףҶûԣӲȻûʲô£Ҿͻ鷿ˡ
˵ţҪߣһЦеѽӣͬʱˡ
ҶŴͻΧȥϲǲͬһŴ˯
ɣһжȥ·ǵֲ֪
ҶŴұͻΧֱݸסˣֻվΣ㵽ҰϣҸ˵ֱҾҪˡ
ף÷үûϵ˱ƼˣӶ˲ˡ
Ҷ޵òУҪǶֱ޲ҧһӡҲûż˲źء
ߣٰҰԣ
Ҷ̧°ͣбۿݣͬʱֽסԼٱߵ
΢΢һЦһ滺߽һϸغģҲٰˣֻҪԹԵģҵĻһϣѵҾͲΪô
Ҷɵؿò׼⻰滹Ǽ١
ݳɿشϳһĴָϸӣҶ跴Ӧʱ˫Ѿסˡ
£һ˿ɶûУɼķʽýʵʵġ
һͼ飺ұ֤ûõ֮ͬǰĴҷˣҪǲţҿԶ췢ġ
ϡ㷢ģ˵Ҫܵ棬ĸˡݳǣƵģץųҶһ·ǣǰ
ҶܣٰҰĻẰġ
ģ˵㻰˵ϾһᡣָŰ齣㻹ЪȥϡϹأⷢҪǳϢһֺ
Ҷ鲻αһ룬̽СϣǰĴ뿪ţҹ촵룬ʱλʵҲ
ͨ磬͸ټˣϲǱӸոպá
һԼĵߣͺ׸ܵҸ
˵Ҷ裬һǱذأֱǻΪΣһֻס˫֣ĽŻɵģ;ҲһֽһҸ
˯ݼ֣߹ȥϨ˵ƣȻ׼ϴЪ
ҶɫãˮӦûû˯ţԼǱ乫ƽл˵Ҳ̫ˣǵҵģһԾߣֻһʣ㻹ҪƢ
һ壬ҵѵģ˵Ҳҵġңҳմڼ뻨ǮҲطҴţǻǵĺϣ𣿡һ߻شһĥŸøԼˡ
ɲԭͰԼû޵ã⸱ọ̀ˡ
Сòܶ࣬ԭǵʹüۣ·нӼƵģûܿݡ
Ů˴磬Ϊü֮⣬ѵΪԼôƯʵȹ˾ãٴϾµΣþͼӱˡ
Ҷһһ塱ĸ֣̲ס˸Ŵߡ
Сôô˵أ
ͻȻⶼ³ˣӵƹôû˽ӣ
ҶתŴ󴲣ݣｻûôûƹţ
ﰵЦڲʣСҴ͵ȥһˣƹĲҲ
ǸˣƹôܲʶˣС˳˳û˱ݺ˶ԣֽϸ׬Ҳ˻
СӱȽϵֻ˵ү࣬ڲȥƹĶˣʲôˡ
ڵ֣ǸԲˣֻܰ̽þˣүʣȫƵȥŲ˽ôƤء
ݱתһ룬˵ֻͻȥƹĹ
ǰ鷿ﲻŲѣС˳־ʹˣͷ㣿ģ˱Ҳƹˣ˵ĹȻƹʵϣûˣʲôĻһֱǡ
ʲôҶһ͵ƫƫ˫Ǳסģʱͼ˺ܴǣʹʱһ󼱴ٵĳ
ǰ˵ˣţе鶼ң㻹ǲˣıС𣿡
Ҷƿԣ̵ʶԼʧȥʲô
Ȼصſڱϣ
ɫӰ뿪Ĵ˪ݽڵӣʱˣʲôӡӣǮҹţѵӦã׻ֵǺαسף
صһǴ壬ȫҵֻʮͭˣӹǮ˼ңŽдɷأ
Ҷ豻һָ˻ŭ´ֺұȣҪǿ㳤ƯҲŲͬ¡
ҲŭˣӴΪǼҺ㣿ԼһȣҪүүʱģǼˡ
Ҷ۾ˣҵĵ㲻ãô㲻޸ңѵ޸´ֺӣ
ĵãݷֻСУ˼ǴֺӣǰסģҲ³ôϵţ˲֪ѵԼûڹҪǻǮܵϹү
ⷬһĶ˵ʹҶ޷
죬ɥط֣˵Ķʵ
˱ˡ
ҶŵôˣһµһֹôãӲȫô
ҶˣÿغݶϣСݾֺֺЦ
ˣ˯ٳҾҪˡݶһݻҲˡ
ǩ
лҪ˵
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]СʹħŮ 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


46 
ϹźɫɴʣźʵĽ죬һڴϣֽչòˡ
뿪Ĵṩ˿·ǰ˺̵طɽһֱϺڵҶȥˣһַɵǰϧӵסȥ·ֻõתͷȫΧҶ
ӵƣʱʱ£ʱʱң·˼Ƶġ
ҶʶΣգ߸ߵһģؿܣڳҽ⿪ӡ
װ˯һԡֻҪûӾˣŲѪսء
ӴҶֽҧҵȣӴ
ҶϹڣƵģͣհϵĦַüֻ
ס˫֣ͳ˰ϴ׵ķ⣬ƽʱµ죬ʱȴסӵĳ죬·ҧƤ⣬޲ްϡ
һ߽һ߰󣺡£Ų֣в
ڴϣȻֱȽźʹˡ
͵ЦҪ֣һסܶ໵¾ˡιһιӣѪ
Ҷ豻ҧ˺ܶ£ڷˣǿĴͷԴԴϵܽͶһҧ
ҪôϣҪôҰѴˡ
ݳţĲҽɴ˯ˡ
ڶ糿ݸѹһ۾ͷִվһˣһʱһ
Ҷ豻ҧǰֺ׵ĴС񣬴ֲէһƵġ
ϸһƣ䳲ʿأ
ݵſͷϣЦӶһš
Ҷ˫ֻǰһͷһİޱԹҧгݵ˵㻹˼Цⶼ˭ģ
һû˯ãӶǶȥˣ̫࣬ƺƴֱס֣һͿء
տʼʱҧİʹ͡ģеϰˣȻûôˣҧҧͰˡ
룬־õ˶Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ݺݺݵشЦһȻƿʣ´ɰֵ㲻ǳôôңúܣľ˯ˣȻʲôû
Ҷػ󣬼Թ޵ض
̿ϸһֳͷǸȥЦ˯ˣѵͲѾͷ
һˡҶ̧࣬Թߣһû㣿Ժӵ˶ֻһ˵ģ㲻˭ҴӦңָ̫ˣϽ޼һ¡
ݿ˿Լ֣ͷǸúúһˡ
üûޣָ׶ԲˣĥüĲźãץ˻Ǵˣɼӱ˺
ҶϴžԼڵԽԽ⣬ôżˣ
¶ӵ㻨ǮҲŶˡ
ƽһĨ϶ʱˣֻҲǳɫģһ飬һ飬Խܼˡ
ݼ״ЦҪӴɭС͵ģžˬ
ҲĨһʡ֬ǮҶһۡ
ݲϳԿϺݺšһѣٷһԣ
Ҷ۵˿˿緹ҲϳˣתߣԸ˰緹͵鷿ȥ
ںȡЦɴ಻ˣʡһٲźء
ҶתԼһЩˣһۣΪʲôԣ
ÿ¸ôãŲ񸾡
˵꣬ݻ׷šȾˡ
ݿǸĶӵģЦֻʮֳ졣
ù緹ݴСӳȥӣƥһƥۺ죬һƥƣмƥ޲
СҺܿˣݴѾͷΧһ߻
ƥԼģȻȻҪÿѡ
ɲеԭʡʡʡӶ˺ǸС檡
СẈֲֻ̂ԼûŸүҲүҪ֪ˣһ˵ġ
ȱˣȫѡ̧̧ƤѻϸЩǧСˡ͸Ҳǵģϻȥļϸ޲ѣǶ᲻ô
ֺնûȥѣ˵òˣս˵´γͻٴ
û취˼ƥֲרŸµظɻġ
һƥɫһƥɫһƥɫϽʵĥÿ˶ףôҪ϶һأ˼ľѸ
С⻰Ȼת˼ӻɲô˵ﲻ󣬵ҲڴѣǾ᲻ãʡʡһ
ԣҪݵÿ¶׻ȥѶˣȻͲˣܷܲŷùɣ
ÿ¸õǴֲֵǮԼͻ꣬ȫõӡ
᲻óУϸ޵Ѷ᲻ôοӲǴˣ·Ť
Ҷ鷿ԭȵЩǿģٶ࿴һҲûʲô˼
ǳɫҩ࣬ôôҲ֪ôģȻƽĥīݺݵдһƪйеŭ
ΪʹľʹһЩд־ȻԴЩʷ棬ƽźҲʶһЩֵģȻдצӣῴ͵İ
ƽҶ֣ϲؽүһƪд治Ҫүˣһгˡ
𣿡Ҷűʣͷƽ
ʱӺЩƽɲЦһͷ
Ҷһ£ҲԿүöʶѣƣֶзǰҪ¿ʱҲдһ֣һ׼ܲܵøأ
βҶΪƾ⼸֣ͻͽһٵÿƽ쿪ϻЦŵͷǾǣҪ¿ҹ糿ͿǼֱֵ
ҶֵشЦ
ƽүƪּĸүҲү˸˸ˡ
Ҷ°ͣ룺һƪ̫ˣԶдƪһ˿϶Ҫĸ㻨Ǯ
һصҶ̫̫ģҶ̫̫һ޳ɸ̫㻨Ǯѧˡ
ҶүҶͥͲһˣʮãԼжǶӼ̳Уʲô
ҶԽԽÿУô󷽣û׼һҪԼһǧأ
ѱī֭²һдһ߷Ըƽżĳȥǵøŷк»үһҪøҿȻҾͰƤ
Ҷͥյļţƪ֣жݺᣬҶ̫̫ǰѶӿֿ䣺ƣôǶڼңô̿ùɼǸӣضд컯أ
Ҷ̫̫ӹȥ˿ҲЦҲжϱĹ͡ǰҪǿѹĲӲſϼҳ飬ºˣôԾҵῼ״Ԫ


47 
Ҷͥڹϴ˳ģ˵ǳûĻĿ
׼ĺû٣ʲô٣ǱᣬߣڵİƷСٶסˡ
һƾ٣˲űȱȽǣиԣҲΪֻǸСط˶Ϊ٣Ըھжһ꣬üĴԱֵܷһõط
ҲаţݹٳϴСϢȻкüڴءЩĴҲǵȵòͷˣСطĹҲԸţ͵
ôһҶͥɾˡ
ֻһţľţȱ˺õľǼһЩӣԲ
ڣûǮ٣ҲỨĴͨο˼ҵӱӲҲǸˡ
Ȼаŵףû˻ٿʲž򾮣Ȼؾͻˡ
һҶͥ⽻ãôЩ꣬Ҷͥ˲ιΪھкЩϵ
˿ཻķϣҲӣֱ˵ضҶͥ˵겻꣬鲻һˡ
˵ָͷֻ˾֣ܲΣǿǲұ֤ģüǮ
ǧֶֻѣҶͥһ⣬ɫѿһ˲һʣʵͬ˵ٲܱסڵλã
˳ҹ㣬Ҫǽģкü˶ԸءҪ٣ÿԸҵĸʱǶǧ»Ͼܶˡ
ǹĻҶͥ޲ܵصʮǰԼ⣬Ҳƴ˳ġ
¿˵ʲôˡ
ֻܰϣڶϣڣģһڼһ֪֣ôùĳɾͿ϶Լǿ
ҶͥһҪӼһǧҶ̫̫סȰǰҸռȥټһǧⲻǱǶӳȥԺôҿԸټЩû˼ˡ
Ҷͥ˺ܾãٸͬʱһ⣬Լ״ʮңöһҪ֮ơ

СԺѾͷ࣬ûվ״ֲѣûгţݾһˡ
ǣһ¡
ϸ£ϽӵƹһٶڼǾһ˷ѣ浽ǮׯôҲܶǮ
ټԼﱾжϻżôһǮǴ浽Ǯׯա
ϴλңڵһȦֻܹĶأڵĶֵͣƴƴҲֻܻ±ѡ
ĸԼϼĶأȻ󽻸ʹ֣ʱʳֻԵһ㣬ĵТ׵ġ
ũȷʵ࣬´ũæԼҲеصͷ뼸̹æҲø׺ʹЩࡣ
˼ãʹѾͷǳţȥǮׯѸôĶˣֻʮмۣʮĶض´ࡣ
ҪҲףֻͬҶô죿
ڳĻô죿ֻҪԼһ춥Ҷ̵ͷ;ͷֲݣ
ңռҵطСʵڲԸͬЪ
ݺŲ裬˼һǾιһӣֻҪҧǲ˼ŵġ
磬ù緹ȲʳʱͻȻڵһЪ
ιһӣιһ˫رգܽϼӰܰԼڼˡΪѾͷ˵ҶԸƽѰõҩء
ҶȲĶһ٣ֱضݣͼϿߡ
ڱˣ֪Ů˰Լ϶Ϊ˺ԲģĥҪôء
ˡҶǳǳһЦһȥ鷿ó㡣
ݳÿľʹļ׵ʵǲӦ˵Ͳġ
ҶЦһмкˣثܡ
ݳ˳ǣô˵ˣ
û֣ϵڴϲܼ飬Ҷʱ飬ڨЦ㲻˵ղһô⻹ûأɡ
ٹ죬ƽõɫҩˣʱȫĨϺһݣ˵ӣҹ߽£
ҪľʶȤЪùԹּۻۣݿЦ
źһϴ°ԷҲһҶҪǣԼԺҴܵӣʵ̫ܻòЭ
ͷɥһ룬Ҫˡתһ룬˯ϣҲһʱһ̾͹ȥˡ
ôţͺһ㣬Цĺ˵ˡ
𶯲Żˣ֣ݣԼݣʱעԼǱݣϾҶ̡
ǣ˭ϡͷأݷ
еԭǹˣΣһˣˣ˼˿жãֻ۸ˡ
Ҷ˸ûȤԷȥˣϽϡ
ݸ˵ҪסֽŵĻָֻŰ˵ȥӲء
ҶܾϲԼĴˣǹⲻԼأ
ݹ⿴ı֪ʲô첻ϣѾͷǻԺأɱǲе˼ȻֻҪһ
סҶϸԼлԼϣģ˯ʵء
ʵˣҲմֵģȻھӻΪǼÿ춼ڳϷء
ǣþĵģͺعӲ
ݾסһ㣬Ҳʲô˻
ûһֻӵĴϣɴʷ徻ˡ
Ҷһֻ󵨵ȷ¶ϣ״ĿѸٴƤ⣬ʳ
ҶоʱͷһֻӵĶѾˣĺɫǿɶѪ
ʱŭɶ׼Ŀ꣬һȥоˬ̧һ٣ôһֻʬ塣
ҶʱоһҸС
ǰգҲطס֣ӴУ⡣
һҹǣǹڶĵĻǵʬ塣
ҶϣŶȣָһĵʬͲ֪䵽ȥˡ
ϴЦеʣһܲ⣬ûӣôҲ
˵ŻĹѾԼ˺üƣʤҲ䣬һʱ侹ӷֲ¡
ʮ࣬žʵҲãԼԼ
ҪһˣԼĶء
Ҳûʲôֵģع飬Ҷ档
ҪأҶӶ˲ɱˣʵӣ


48 
Ҷ·ڻҶҵӣԼ˽Ƶġ
ݶʱˣ͵һƿӣҪ´ոջֵЩԸ⿪ٰסֺͽţҿ㻹ǲУ˻˵ˣȰŰɡ
ҶһҾģֻǲ˽˵лú˵лú˵ӷӷɽȥˡ
ߣöлӣ־һݷӣڴϣɫؽѵ
Ȳûб˽ң㣬мֵܽã
ûСĻ䣬ҶͿʼˣһҪ
ǾˣûֵܽãôһŶ磬׬µЩҵǲǵý
Ǻǡ⻰ҶܿģЦŵͷôܸɣǵĶҲһ
ȻҲģǲҲͬң
ݵĻƮƮģ͸ᱡĺɴʣҶܿضԼ
һ⣬һش𲻺СҪ
ĿڣЩʹһ壬ҵȻҲġ
ⲻͽôһİƣȻҲҵһݣкβɣ
ǵǡҶǡ
ݿ⸱֧֧Ӿƿ˴ӹҵϻӣȡǮׯǮƱһԶӵҶϣȻӣϸ½ȫˡҪõҲǹһ񡣡
һҶҲҷƢ˵һżɫؿ˼ۣĿ¶Եϣ֪Լǻˡ
ƷܵɣҲô
ҶæֺõЦ˵ˣ˵˾ͺˡ
һ˵һ߰ռļƱǰһѽӹһЦ
еԭǸίԩҲֻĬĬʽӵˣֱʵܲԼ˶ˣŸ̽Ծ
ݺһ
Ƥһͺڰ˵ΪһҪһҪƮƮطŹһٽͷͻ㡣
ʶƤҲôġ
ݳ֪̾Ųԣĵ￴ǼҲӦõģôأµ£˭ҵݲТҪΪҼ϶һġ
˿ɫ߷ߵ˵ɫ磬ȥſڻԩӦûüҲȥˣͺ룬ڵҼҵľ֮ҲòҶүҶͥҼҾˣǷˡ
һ˵һȥҶ裺һȥţʡһүȥöš
Ҷˣû뵽ᷢչⲽء
ȻֺҲһʮԵŵ㣬ǾǱŮ˶Ҫ
þô룿
ңҪֵȥôһ֣ԼָóΪȫǵЦˡϽУȻֱ˵ʲôĻʹã
ȥȥҴˡҶ齣ҾϴϷֻ
ԲȥŻ˵ռҵƷõģתͷͰһС͵ңȥҹүס
˵ţʹҪߣ鼱֮£ҶͨһڵϣݵСȣŲһ磺ụ̀ҴˣϹԭһأ˲С˹ǧֵͷȥ
˸Լ¹黹ͷһ⡣ҶҲ֪ǲǷԵ̫࣬ȻһЩ£ûܰԼȴ
ŶֻԼצӣҶ貱Ϻݺץѡ
մĥָ׾ǺʹһץͼѪҶ۵໲ҽУǼ֣סݡ
ݱЦˣȭͷϺݺݴ£˵õԼһݣѵ⹫еҾͲʹˣ
ܣҶ̣ҶҵĶҲĶҶͷ絷⡣
˵ڳĺģȴ泯죬Ӧô
ŮǰĿ࣬ͷҾڳլӣ
գֺݴ£ҵŮٵ𣿡
񣡡Ҷǿ۾ʹˣ˲пĥȻУҪôأ
˼һ˲Ц˵Ǹ⣬ûЩʱҲӡȵũæҶ뼸̹ȥæԲ˼ҡ
⻰еϵˣݲٴƵֻԤóʮأʣµʮӦ
Ҳǻһô˽Ǯͱˣšһȫأд¡
Цˣô˼أ˵ǮŵģǱϾģרŽʹء
ʲôڲóϾͿˡ
ҶֹЦúֺãҵľģαطֵôǿɾ̫û˼ˡ
аɣϣҾΪѵشӦˡݶ˶ýСȣҿˣȥյҺȡ
Ҷɫ磬ɿ֣СƵȥ䵹һյ²裬˫Ž
Ѿ˴ϣֽӹ裬ƵغˣȻ󽻸һԵҶ裺óȥա
ҶæŲյȥƬ̺ڴǰãСҪұأҪʹҲ㣬ö˶˵ģôְҽнιӣ
꣬ŷӦԼΪʲôҪƵĴȫҵط̸ȣȻĵػֱ׳
ԼôŸŪ̫ˣ
żһתصȥݻûǻٷֻӲסˡ
һȣԼ£Թڵ˶磬һһȡ
Ҷ費ſڽӻȣ
ǰһգԭԤŸźѾͷģ˯ϲҹڼ˸衣
´һۣŵаɡ
Ҷ·ίʲô˲Ƶģϲ̵ϣƿȥҪӡ
ݰӵݹȥͬʱѵӷӷɽˡ
ҶϽɿֻ֣ӵֻڣϸģְ󴦵ɴ˳Сȥˡ
صͷ»ͦϸģҲҪ֡
ӷݳ⻹ͷһصõĿء
ܿóղŵǾĵģƮƮĲĵĺҴ
Ҷ̲סֱͦˣĵʵҪֺҲûô


49 
ҶһԴȣ˯ø
Ҷڴǰһߴһ߿Ŵϵ˶˵ļЩ˷ܡ
ҪȢؼģֻаƴСѩףüǺ촽ֻϧƽʱˮ۴˿ǽŵģֻӰĺڳ۽ޡ
ҶԽԽֻ˯˵ϵ϶ӣʳ˼̻ᡣ
ֻһѹһԼͺױŭĿգֻһԼȽŷ
Զ˯ѲźãôԹɵţ
Ҷ趢ݵ˯գ棬оˮҪˣƿĿ⡣
ʵûֺᱻԼظѣʱⲻһƤ֮࣬ʹƿߵġ
ʶ䣬µŰ齣Ҷæͷ˿Լŵա
ζʲô
Ƶǰİס˫˫űжɣζݵĹϵڷɿرð
ԭֻҪϷΣԸʾʵжֺóΪʲôԼûأ
ֺԼֲɳܣʹ֪ҲЦ̾һ뷿ְ֮ˡ
ǰһҶĿˣӦøһԼǰɲС
ݾĲʵһӣҶӴʼˣиѾͷԼԺѾͷֻݵĻʱᱻҴ
ˣգǼȲ
һأѧˣڵͷŪһҡһûһµġ
СأҪֻ΢˶һ㣬϶Ȳߵġ
ûݵģѪǾͱȥ
ҶڴǰһѪ⣬Ӵɽֱˡ
ţֲžžžȥ³սգֻܾĵĳԼѪʱһָͷ
ûãǰĵϾͻʮֻӵʬ塣ΪˣҶ軹гɾ͸Уҵ˲һȤ
ֻ˯һʱѹˣշ˸Ҷظӣˣ
ţˡҪ´
ҶڽϹҺãһԼһֱӣ˯ô𡣡
ѵӦģǾίˣݸһۣڵЬӴһصʬ壬Щģôණ
ҶϽýŰʬεһߣڳյأίίҾź㡣
ǺǡݲŲĹ
ҪΪһӶҲͺԭûʲôˡ
Һ㲻һݴЬӣ˰֣ϲĻЩͷԵķлǰ˵滰ٻҪ˵ҿˣ˵ʲôá
ҶڨЦˣæˮźϴ
ϴ䣬ϺŲ񣺡׼ˣ
׼ˣİ״ֲȫװȥˡ
Ҷ̲µҪҵǸʹѣֲѿóвźáҪӲʹӼͷ֧ͷٽƹĲϾˡ󷽣ԲΪ˵ġ
Ϊ⻰Ӧ˵ݵĿϣ룬ȴһۣʹûԤүרź򣬴ʲôСֲãڼҴµظɻҲۡ
治ҶֹЦ˵ͺãȱʲôֻܴӼáȥҡ
ԣĲյ´Ҷ裬Ӳ˵ôۿΣȻһûС
ݺܲˣѾˣǰͲһңźúΪء
ҶĪһ£æûе£ûе¡
ָû棬г˼ҪҪһأ˰죬ʵò⣬ֱ˵ض˵취ҪôʵʵιһӣҪôһҡ
Ҷ򴽣ѡѵûеѡ
ؿҶоһΣգæƤʣǵιأҪ
ԸҲӵݱֻݡ
һ̾ҲǸѧģ˵ǸˣҲѧһ㡣ҧֶҲһ˵ɱôӵڶⲻǻôҪ֪ˣҲл۸ġ
ƨҶ̲סһֿڡ
ҵѪ£˴Ӳ˵ιӥб£Լιȥ
һ̾ҰĳţǵûݲɣȻҪܵģû׼һؼʱѾüء
ȻݣûˣҶԥر̬Ҹҡ㳤ôÿԳţ
ɣ±ιӾֱ˵ǵó߲ʲô˶أ
ݷ˸ۣԸ񴫻ƽүʰȻȥڴ¡

һ磬ݺҶ˴Ϫ塣
ûϵŮʱæݣЦũæˣأôȣҲ·ࡣ
Ҷһͣһ䣬ΪʲôһȾũ
Цţ·һҲࡣοֲԶһʱ͵ˡ
ݣ£СҲҪкæȥݲ裬ʱûʲôòˣæնȥƣҪŮŮ
նЦӦˣҪߣݽסȥҽƽȥЩ
ռҵϣնŲٴҲҪͷո·಻˵ʱ
ǣն˼ضҶ˵Ǿ鷳Сһˡ
ҶСҲǱҶ̵̫̫˴ģټҶͥһ·٣ҲŶӳȥ棬Ƕġ
ǰûռұֵǫѷΪĵײ̫Ƶˣݵѹ£֪ԼҪ¶һ˿ı飬Ȼ˼ң͵ꡣ
ǣҶЦ棬У˵̫ˣȵĻ͸ýСȥЪš
⻰˵̫ƯǵռҸ̲ס˴˶һۡ
ֺǺǵնȥӸСˣҲͰˣٽŮǮأ
Ҫ˵ҶŵҲҪСôֵǮûڳõľ¥һ٣ѾҲˣǧҸᣬұТġ
Цžܾʲô¥ҲЩ´ҽ˳ǣڼҳԶټҳ˾õˡÿƷѣնȥǮ
Ҷ¶һ˿˿ίŮǰôôͳ˿ˣ


50 
ҶһίͰ͵ģð׾ݣֿԼֵĺƤӣȻģЩ
˰ˣһؾ㡣»ǰ˵һҺǰ׼ЦŪҹֲ˼ġ
Сңƽһȥ֪ҪʲôˡݽºɰóӣСҡ
СҽӹϽȥˡ
ѴĶȫݣָǰ״ֲѣЦŶ˵µشѶƵòˣϻϸ޵ģҲ᲻ôõȫǴֲܸ˰ɣ
̫˷ˣµظɻõѣǵѶأȱġ
ն߹˿ЦãҲ̫ˣôʲôʱȥ
ҪϽԺÿһҶѸǡ
ˣô죿ܲŮûؼҸŮɣȲ˵ߴ粻ԣֲӣŮϲġ
ֵͷԼѾѣЦȥԣ
ЦҲȥ
ݣԻһԵþ˺ܶ࣬ҶҲ޵ã֮ǰЩǿˡ
ռҸҲͲˣŮˣܵôЩ
ְԼҪص˵˵̵ͷ˵á
Ǹصصˣؾĸ˵Լܶ༸ĶأЩǣ˭ҲŴģ
˵ҪǮõġ
ݣҲЩغãõø⡣
ؽ󣬴Ҷ᲻˼ҪǮֻҪļ۸񹫵ңֻһʮҲʮĶӣ࣬ЩһԾҪ򼸰ĶģǱȽװġ
س緹־ͺҶһȥҵн飬أ̸ǮȥŰ飬˽ʱŰãЩȫݵ¡
ųҶȣͳ˳ӡ
ݰĲץˣȲѣôȵ죬ôţʹضҲȵܲס
ֿŮϵץˣµòһŮץġ
ŮѾףҶҸӸԼðأŮҪƽϣռһء
ȴһûУ˵дݵֶ֣Դ˱ʾ⣬ݲߴŮԼŮǿԵġ
صռңҶױƵĸϽѵݺˣƴǵӻûС
ʮĶأҲǿǸСˣܱ֤ԼҶҲʳǡ
Цеؿ֣ĻҲ͸ˣϲոũæڣ̹ĵҲ࣬ʱж̹һˡ
룬ԼҵģʮĶĵأҺ³˰ֻҲ̹Ҳʹáӡ۵˰
һնٿʱЩ˼ûʲô£ȫ¾ֻʣһԼŮǮֻǡ绹ûأҪ㡣
ôأһֲˣȻնҲҪӦõõһݡ
˵ŮѾҶ̣ūͻƣõķӶûУҲ֪˵ʲôϱҪζһѡ
ݶʱЦã˵ʲô㰴飬Ҳǡ
Ļû˵꣬ҶŴ̫ˣý⣬ý⣬ʹžͺãʱʳȫǵġ
ֺնӣʲô
ռȻйģҶǰռңǸ߸ϵƲ˵ģ񻹼ء
նԴ󣬵˵ȻҲõĵˣи˰ɡ
̰ҶһۣȻЦŶն˵ииԼ˷ģȻ޳ȥˣҲҪТ˳ġҿڣҶҳԵúãúãͲȱӻЩأֻҪɵӣʱʳҲŸ͹ȥͷڼţҪõʱȡ
ʹãʹá֣Ϳˡ㻹Ҫ̹Һ粻ͳ˰׵ʳô
ȰʹˣĻɰˣӻ㽡ʣЪűԼ࣬ǸأôһСһ۲ˣӣ͸ÿˡ
նͨ죬̲סһ£˵ʲôأǸҡ
ʲôңͳˡЦ
ûҶʲô£ҲźֵؿһۣŮȻǸƤġ
ݺ˵˵ռҸͬİš˼ھ̶ÿ˶һ롣
Ҷܴ죬˱̶ȥ˯һȻͷɽٶسǡ
룬û˯ϰߵģշŮһôΪŮץΣŮȥͷһȦ
˵ģϻµףƿɺˣҪҪȥһƣ
ֲ֣Ȼջһ͵磬Ժֻо˲Ŷ
ҶȤվЦǾȥһ
һҲҪӶˣûճɵʱʲôأһҲ
ɹһñָҶϡ
Ҷûϵ飬ֻ΢΢ϴ˿˿ζ˫ּĻƺڴ֣ȴǳСġ
ҶͥԶˬģֻҪ΢˵㺹źԡϸˬ£˫ҲǰװֵģһŵĹү
ǣҶͥ⻹ûִñӣΪҶҲӣñӵʱ򼸺ûС
һ̣Ҷͷһؾϵĺζʵš
նЦŶ˵ȥҾͲȥˣҵȥõĵһȦ
ֻӻ֣ЩõˣǸʱʱţȥɡ
ݲһȥôֲ̫ȱߵ䣬ϵЪ
ͷһƬ͵һָӣžϲҶ˵أ⿴һȦƵʣ⻹ͷһũأӵʱٶһЩˣôһҲƲ
ÿﶼף룬ԱһӲݶûС
Ҳʱֲ̫ڣԼĻֻЦŵׯڣǰӶȥˣʱʱſţǳòõĸϽˣƴĹӲݸҪãÿ죬ҶһءͺñǶ飬ǰѧѵ͸ö˲ɣ˵Ҫʱʱϰأ˵ǲ
Ҷ㶣ͷǣо仰¹ʶ֪¡
벻˾ȻҶ費һ˿˿
ǩ
лҪ˵
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹȫ2 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


51 
Ҷ¶һ˿˿ɫֶ۸ڶŮԼһ㹧ˡ
ѵֻж˲Ŷõĵȥˣ鱾ϵЩιĴеСҲɼ˿㶮ôˡ
ֻҶӹ̫ٲȿ˿ɫЦ˵ͷ죬Ųɹз磬ðѵؽһ
Ҷһ̧žˡ
ֻԼֵ׳ˣôũͷڰأﲻɹˣ
֪϶ûʲôЦļ򣬡ˮֻưȣвУ
Ϊ룬Ҷ赹˼ңõľǱûѪͷؿڵأ
ã־
ֹЦӦ÷ǳˬ졣Ҷ̲סɣǲȦף
ɹɣող׿ڴӦҪ˻ؼȡ˱ⵣˮͰҪȥ
˯ˣʣűⵣˮͰҪȥʲô
Ҷ谵Ŀ⿴ݣ˵һھͻسǵĻܹⳡˡ
һֻۣԼĸס
ֵͰҶһͨ䣺үǺģ˵Ҫأ˵ҪˮĺùүȥҡݣԺҪЩ
Ҳ޵ȰݣŮϵץ˻ûأҿӣûд¶Ȼ˿ˣָҪôԼŮء
ЦߵҶ󣬽ӵڵϺݺšһѣҼȻ޸Ⱳӿɾˣܲô
ҶûܵĥˣҲӣûԼʧ̬
Ҫǲšң⻰һ㼸֣ҶĵŬһЦģݴҺء
ͺãͺáֲ֪СοһӣиƢԣ˿ڽǣ˴˶һؾԽԽˡ
ģˣȻݵġҶЦֻЦݿЩɬ
ԣӸˣӺҪеܺŮ˼ƽءĸڵʱһ㶼
Ҷ̵ܽı飬˿ҷСϱƵģȥ˵
ˮǸɵĻҶҧɣûˣնæˡ
үڸɻƽܸɿأҲũ̫ɽǰ㽫Ķ׵ضһ顣
ݲһ˽ǵʱҶҲϡ
ָװһ߲ˣҲǲ˱ȽʣֶҲһ̫࣬Ͼûб䣬ױ棬ֺ޲ðѵĲȫժ˸ŮߣҲֻװһѡ
һ·ϣڳŹرǰ˳ǡ
Ҷ̱ϣ˳ȫĹͷƵģֹԹ»ǲȥˣȥһؾ͵øһػ˭ܵˡ
û࣬һţڸв֪
ҶװģĴң
ôûС㱧СȱúܽҶûǰЩⶼũĹ͡
棿Ҷ˲ָ˻ֱӣԼĸ첲ҲԼЩ
ˣԺÿҪʮԳţݶĿ࿴ģ
ͣҶſڣҶſڵĴпһ䣺ˡȻ̧Ƚ˴š
տţŷͷ߹һүġ
ʵͷҲΪѡ
֮ǰ󷢻Ҳ̵Ļżͽø̹Ŀ
ǰ죬ƽ˵үķԸ»һҪȽүȻҪƤ
үӣҲӰͷλӴܣЩС͵꣬ͷ취λӶڣģɾ͹ܲˡ
Ҷһϲ϶㻨Ǯˣʱ˵üЦ඼ˣϲ̵֣
ͣסţʲôҲ˵;ؿ
ͷѰҶȻͷˣҶֵ˵࣬Щָ֪Լʲôö
ҶŰ̧žͳ鷿ȥֶסˣݻأ
ҶϵϲɫһգĬһ˲еذѰصŤͷЦض˵ȽȥҵȻٽ
ͷ£Ͳܳ̽ԺٰѰó
ݲôؿӶûתһ¡
Ҷ豾ܵزΣգҪСǮ֮ѡһѡ⻹Ǻܺġ
Ҷѡ˱
żһת泯Ժķֺõ˵߰ɣȻ˵
ЦһʶȤԼ͵Ǵ
ݣѾͷɢˮĴˮݲݲ裬ҶѰϣ˷ܡ
Ҳѵõ˷ʱգȻᵽտݵøо
ҲˣҶʵúСġ
ݵͷִֻȻġȰһ𿪣Ϳһţۼֿ죬һ
һҳֽŰƱ
ƱֽҶǰŶ˵Щʲô
Ҷ迴ҳֽضϵƱ̽
Ͳˮݶ·ûĻƵġ
ҶЩйյҪƽ֣
ݷ²յѰϵԼǰʣµĶ
мӣɫۣʵ⻬ÿҲ֪͸Լүѵġ
м仹һСϻӣһһ÷һֻˮиʽָ
ϲϻͷĶҪǳԲϷˣҲ
²ذԣȻ᲻ٰȡϾģǳʺ
ҶԽԽˣίͰ͵˵ѾӺΣ˱̫̰ģǵҵģ˼̣
ݶϡôƱĺɰ³û˯أ
ֻҪݶϣҶ͵㣬ΪĶ̫ˣݣʮֹȫں˵۹⣬һֻͼԼʹ졣
Ҷ̾һģ˰ɣ
ƾʲô㿪ˣġ
ôأҶص˭ģд˭֣˭أ
ֵôãѵֵñｱ
ôˣѵӦô޹
΢΢ۣʹһ˫Եøӿɰˣһ޹ģʵ̫ɣҶһ롣
ֻǣ䣬ǲĵġ


52 
Ÿ׼ֱݸˣҶҲġ
Ҳֻ֪ҪӽݵǾͬװ˲
ǣһ·ӡƽ֣ٵ̬ڵùˣݻ޶ԡ
ѣֻһôߡۼһۣæ˿ڣһţԲˣ
ݹؿڣֵˣʲô֪ĻΪǿأ
ҶĶľˣɲǽǿôǸͷӡ
û취ݵӣֶǳãҶô̾ϢôҲҶүøֱߵĽлƵġ
Ťͷ⺰СңСңȡ
СƹݵǮϻӣһԸȥˣܿȡӣϡ
þСɣݳŬŬ죬Ҷ˵Űɣɱһëˡ
ʮٵν
˵ԼǽлӣҶԵͷߣҪˣǣҪҲҪ
˼Ϊʮأ
ôһ룬һ㣬һѽӳģĥ鲻ôˡ
ҶƤЦǺģܸʲô¡ҿõĶҲ࣬ٷһ
ݰһ壺һûأϻдΪʲôֻ㻨Ǯȴֲֻң׵ģϱ˲ɣԵƫģָҶи
Ҷһ⣬ƽòʣֻеءϵĹ򶼲ѹֱҪë
Цźֺ˵ˣô
ߡݴӱЦһҪԦзƱܵ
Ѿ𣿡
ôϴεòӦöлˣȻеأ
ҶƿԣֺͬŮ˽Ϊͳ塣
ðɡͷɥҲû˵һĻˣôһֱסˡ
ڣ£Ҳͷһˡ׻˵һжһ е벻˼飬֮ȻӦõģȻѾϰˡ
Ҷ˽ģӰԼ֮ǰµʮˣ
򴺾¥ϵϯ棬ӶʮȣһС⣬ͿԳȥһˣ
һľ⣬ֶ֪˻ӣʱòУϽѰˡ
˰ѺöˣҳҶүҶ˵Ĺĵֽȴʼʽ
ҲָҶ裬ţҶʱŷӦչȥһ𿴣ﶼдʲô
ҶͥⱲӾûôΪϵĹ·챻˽ضˡ
ӷ˹̫ܶϣֻҪŹ٣Ϊıһ·ģڣôˡ
黹ҪģҪ˳Ȼ˹٣߳ȥȱһء
ˣ˰ҳֽ˵Լķʹֱ࣬Ӱ˹⻰ŵϡ¶ӿţһҳֽҪùŬһһѩǰܡ
İҳҶүҶ˶ԶԼĹģЩǧƪһɵĻҶֻݲɨһۣû¡
ݿ˳˼Ҷͥٶ˵𲻴
ﹲӣǿ»ҲϰĶɣôһ㣬ҵ׻Ǻܸԣġ
ûʲô׳־ǲǹ̫̫ʲôνأݵĺôǣӦ꣬˶㡣
治ںϵĹл̫̫һĺլˣĲڼ徲ء
⵹һܺõĽڣԽͷҶڼȥԼñӡ
ˣָֽǼ֣һкȲҶ裺𣿡
Ҷɰʮӣֻü
˵ûˡ
ôҶںƮƮش˴ˮٻأڼʡһ쵽ֻҡ
˵˶٣֪ΪʲôҪȢˡƣһߣҵ˾ͻ㣬ѹأǣų뻢ڡ
⻰վһѾסĶ䣬ݺš˰Ȧʲôʲôڣ
֣Ҷ۵ûţֶ㲻ܲܲҪֻɣһݷ֣һſڣĸ۵˻ʱ򴳽ľ״
ӿڳԺҪסεĽѵˣҲҰװšһ֣˵ĸϻҲͰˣôﾹɽǣ
ɽʣ壬𱨵ˣҶ̶ˣץĴʵ򻹵ϴдء
ŮСۡ
ҶæģҵĴ죬˵ˣ˲С˹ȥ鷿ù˵ţҪ
סֽ飬ٺú룬һˣҶүô졣
Ҷʱֻ˳æӦˣֽȥ鷿ȻֽһߣʼϰԳţ˴ˮԡֿ˰ʱ飬Ъˡ

գҶ鷿ģƽ̿ʲô顣
ƽȻ֪үʵʲô飬ѧҵصģ£ͷүҪء
ƽЦŻش𣺡˵½һμǣ˺Ѿһϰء
ҶʱȤæʣʲô
һţ֪Ůˣ޸ӣϾϿԼߵ澿ͨѾͷҲһ汾µģһ״ԪʵۼòãĲȻҪѹ
Ҷ۾ɴˣأأ
Ǹˣͱʾ˵ԼȢޡ
Ҷ̲ס߸ߵģ֪ÿ
û뵽ʵ۾ȻƷԸ߽࣬ҲʾԸԭ乲һ򡣡
ѽҶһİƣüЦ鲻ȥһ
ƽ²Цųģү
ҶʱѾһϰôǮˣ
ȥȥҶ費ͷְƽϳȥ
תȦԼŵʮӣǻȥ᲻𾢶Ƶġ
ݹܵúϣ˵ʲôʮһء
ѽҶǰһڼôˣϢ˵ѽ
ôҪ飬ȻҲǣʵ̫Ӧˣѵǹڼ̫ãҲ䱿˵Եô


53 
ҶԼϢգܳһˣʱ˷ܲѣ鷿ֱԺҪ˵¡
û߼ͿԶǽһڹһɸͣ
Ҷ軹ͷһο£µ߹ȥſ
ڹǳ˵ģ˿˹ͷڽӴ£ѹĻЩؽܣȴѹġ
Ҷ費ذǼٵʱ˶ˡ
û뵽ͲȴǸܸɵģⶼˣȻʮ㡣
ԼҪõŷô
ǸԳţҧ죬ÿ͵ЪһأģõĳɼҲǶʮѡ
ҶĽڹ޲ܰӸװԼϡ
һתΪʲôҪĽһ
ޣʱŭˡ
û˵ˣȴǸͯԿţ
Ҷ߹ȥصǺڹһţܵţ໵زҽţôҲֲ|Ȼճһ
˭ҵĹҶ迴ҲЩ㲻ˡ
ƽæڹŷͷģ֪ġү£һùӰǶȥ
ҶԹؿһۣѵ㲻ΪԼûţͿ˳ۡˣǵˣȻͻߵġ
ƽίҵĺүղ˭⹷һŵģ
ҶԼ£ƽֱȥ˺Ժ
˵⣬ȥģξ͸иεӣҲܱƵ̫Ӽ˻ҧأο⸮Ψһү
Ҫ淢ƢЩǿɹܲסҪ棬ȣԼͻ鷳
ԣǷϢһ죬ҪȥʲôطҪֲĳ𿪿ڡ
үȥ
ʲôģǽлֺ½֣ȺȾưˡ
ϴҲ㼸˵Ҫ͵ģãҲȥˣǵͷԸðϯ
ҶŲڼأ˺
ңڼݿţǸҴڳ⻹ǸҴںȾˣСŻÿζҪмġ
ҶУϵ̫ˣ᲻㣬ȥɡ
ǺǡЦЦ
ҪڹԼɾǸɵˡҲµġ
һƬģǾôŰɡֻǣҳ˵ǰͷȾƿԣЩĵŮˣҪǱ֪ˡ˵ţҶ°һֹۣ
Ҷ浲ڱ֤ģǾھ¥ԳԺȺȣ˵˵Ϸ̨ϷӣҲԶءұ֤ɱ¡
аɣһ졣ݻӻ֣ȵطȥˡ
ҶһݾСŻ鷿²شƽȥлǨ½ӣԼ¥Ⱦƣɢ
лǨӣɵݵģ򴽣ϧҶǰòϧǸӸȢˡ
лǨ˱裬ļ򣬽ЦѾ˱˼ҵţ㻹ôأ
ϧˡлǨһ̾¶һḡЦҴʲô󵽣֮Ϊ
ԭǼԺͷƣлǨУ˴Ǯ̧ؼС檣ʮܳ衣
Ħ˵˼һףóԴ׵ʱųԣóԴ׵ʱֵñκ˶Ҫ󷽡
ǣүԤôأ
лǨ°ͣЦȥ¥û˼Ҫȥ͸ȥҶ
˵꣬ȥƽƽػء
лǨȥ¥û˼ֲֹ㣬ҶүҶүҶ˲ڣҲ¾˳˵꣬ץһɢǮƽ
ƽܻͣͣؼңлǨĻһ˵Ҷͷ˳
ƽлүû˵ҪҾ
ƽ㶣⵹û˵Ӧûϵİɣ
½أ
½ү˵νȥĶС
ȵȣҽȥһ
һл̫̫Ṉ̀Ҫͣʱҿɾֻӣ˵Ҳˣһϯλ̫̫ǮɾͲˡ
Ǯô죿ȻҶģȫֻʮܲһӾȫɣ
ҶַɱȥԸƽһˣȥлң˵˵⼸ӲˬʵڲͣԹȥ컹Լ¥
лǨƽĻ뵽ǣԼС˼ᱻ˰ɣ
һĥ־òܣҶҪӣһԼ嶤״Ԫ
лǨ˼ƽϣҡͷʧЦȥүһزҪƷѣɴ໹ԼҼҡҼطôȾ¥İɣ뼸ģôҸ˶顣
ƽȥˣҶԸ˵òˣһԼʡһʻסʮС⣬֣ʵ롣
˳źȾƣܽһ֣ͷһǵٳģͷ㣬ǳԵϷ붯ǲԵġһ֣ǴӼԺмʲô㣬ֻҪ㿴ǮҲ̸£ˣʱҸطһȡ
Ҷ豻̼ﶼҪðˣȻݷ˺ݻֻҪһ˼ţûǧۣ֪Լڸʲôء
Ҷ輤ֱ֣ԸƽȥػԼôʱ׼ʱţȻ䣬ſڴϿԳš
һֱڣֻǷȱһЩҪǶԼš
һʱһ˼ԺĹ㣬ڴϵľһܷḻϵָͲ˵ˣǻ֪ܶ˲֪鵤ҩƫأ
ǵĿд̽飬ûӿɲУЩ۾ˣȾѺˣҪǮˣǲûĴء
Ҷ룬Դ򿪴ӣ䵹ҳҪѣð죬ѡһ׻δϹĺ˿ְۣʮȫװɰ
᲻úײǣȻЩǮ࣬Լϣֵõġ
һ磬𴲣ϴ󣬼Ѿͷǿʼ緹ˣͽСȥү緹
Ҷ跢ƢԣȻÿһ٣ݶȥġ
ϾֻڸߣЩӹС
Ҷܿˣһ̳ۣԼ۱߶˿ƣﻹһӣһԵʸţ档
һ¡صشԼôҪעˣҪôȥͻҪôȥŮˡ
´һȦĵʣүһÿôû㴩
ҶѣݶģҲͳһŽߵϲȻӽ󣬵ûн˿ֶ
ҲúÿҶͷԼһۣЦһ֮ǰҵģһֱŷ
Ŷ÷ɡݶôݾߵĵҲûٶʡ


54 
緹Ҵ˿ڣҶͬ˵ˣڼúЪš
趼һڣôҪţɫ䣬ԼĲյү
šҶ˵ͷ
û뵽ݻôͻݵһ棬ȻҪԼţҶ費ֱͦˣеɫ
ݣߵʱݲʣүԼȾƣ
лǨҶѿڶҿӦ죬ְѻ̻ȥˣǲҪ֪źá
¥Ҷ治ɫ
šݵͷضƶٺȻǾٺȡˣز緹
㿴Ͳ˰ɣҶĿеӽ˵淨ʱ磬һһһ죬ԳԺȺȣ죬˵˵ӣϷһ׾ʹ򷢹ȥˡҶôģͱˣҲصңȳš
ĽϷҲȥ
ҶԼţ˵ڼھϯٰл̫̫½̫̫˵˵ƫƫ㲻ͬ⣬λ̫̫ģôôأһˣ˵ûȥҲڵġ»ذɣ»ٴȥϷ
ӣǵ˵Լͬ⣬ҲƽϣӦãҿɵˡ
ߵſڣѾˣݷԸųŵƽúźүҪʲô¾͸Ͻҡ
ˣ͵ɣȥҶ˽Ρ
ݽ²һҪŽԶ˲ſϻȥҶû취Σʵá
վڴſڣŽη̧Žѡ·ܿߵûӰˣָ棬ŷţ¥ĸ򣿡
Ųԣָұߣ̣¥ߣôϹ
ܺãҶĽߵߣ˵Լ¥أȻǸѻ
ݰѶеǰķԸ֪Ƚſ죬ү߲ԶԿܲ׷ϡҹǶԼлǨһȥġҪҲлĶͻҪҵˣӣܴܲ澿ǸʲôΡ
˵ţӺɰͳһӸ
ӣЦ֪ģϵ·ء̷ģȥš

Ҷ費֪Լ׹һСβͣлǨҵʱ½Ѿˡ
з磬һелǨˣȥطͨ졣
л̫̫|һϯ棬˼̳þƣкͻԺ
лǨǰĹźţ̫٣ˣĹȴֻλǾͰг㡣
ǴӼԺģ˶֪лǨҲܻʲô
ﴩŽȹͷ䣬һҡعˣлǨԣȻٱ˾ơ
С֮䣬ܻ£һͰϵմˣ˵˵ЦЦԳԺȺȣò֡
½ɼĴҶö࣬˵Ҳ˼ʹСЦлǨ
ƹѲлǨ§Ŷˣʹ졣ܲԼŮ§ȴֻܸɿŰɣ
ǣͶҶ˵ǰ㻹ûףҶֹܵϣҺ½ɶȥԺѰӣòױȥˣҲֻܺȼƾ͸Ͻڲһˣ׾ǴˣֵӦиͬʹȥ¥뼸λ
½ɵͷ֧˶֡
¥ѣ֪ԼףⱲӶԵϴϴ׵ģҲ׷⹦ֻһҪֺлǨ
˽˼˼Ǩĺĵıԣûĸ˶ԼһգлǨļ|Ժ͡
ˣ˵|¥ĹûпڷԣߣлǨҪǿĸܰԼóи㡣
ֻҪлǨ飬ΪǸʶȤŮˣ͹ˡϾΨһлǨ
л̫̫ж࿴˳ֻۣҪлǨû̫̫ҲİԼô
½ɱ̬ͺлǨһҶ衣
˵棬ҶҲЦͷǵġ
һȾҲһˣ˶֪ҶʵǸͯӼֻͨѾͷֻѾͷŲôС檶ûϣԲû˶ѡ
ҶȻᷴ⻰˳ĬˣЦԼ
׬ˣ¥λúܿ죬ȸȻͺһͨҺȵ̸
лǨҶ½һ˲Ц
Ⱦк˵Ҳһζģ⻰æЦ
λæվãǵѡ
һСȴģлǨʺҶ裬ЦŷԸҶүȥ
ȥҶ軹ûҲôЦվš
лǨЦŶҶܵôʮأȥƵӣɾúš
ҶԸɾֲҹͬǿ곤λȻò΢⣬ƾ;֪ضǸḻģ֪·ƫҲࡣ
ǣ˶վԼǰˣлǨһ԰˵ҲòӦǵ˵ͷСǹ˵ɡ
ʣµλͱлǨ½ɹϷˡ

ݻصСԺСŲ˵ʲô
ֹСϻŴ£޲ԺѾµˣһոһȣҲøˡ
Ҷһ䲼ׯ޳˿иɫУҶľòųȥֱӷԸׯƹܰ°׵
ݴȥһˣͻȻ;Լ¿
ôҲʮʵÿҪļĲࡣ
ҶԼ֮ˣֻҶ鷿
鷿˽أҲֻȥһΣ£Űĺ̶ȥû鷿ʲôɼ˵Ķ
ƽ鷿ʰúܸɾ룬תһȦȻҵС顣
ЩͼĲïʮִ󵨣ͼֱֱףУַҳϹԼ۾
ݰһߵһԶ
ֽһ磬˲һţݵЦˣѹ˼ԭֲĶء
ݶ緹˯ͻȻܻˡ
һ·ܵüͷȫǺ飬ݸϽ˸裺żȿˮ˵
һһ裬˵˺üȦг嵽мˡſСΣû֦չĹϵԶżȥ̫ˡ
֦չĹ
ݶʱһֲ²⣬һݣ֣̽ϴ°СңŽлȥˡ


55 
лҵĳƱյò֡
ʹ˴¥λ㣬ҲûҪһܣ˵ļӣһ԰æƣʱٽЦӣŪոӻԾˡ
˲⣬ϵŮ˶أһٶҲлǨ⡣
лǨϲ֪ʶȤŮˡ
½ɶǼ|ԺĳͣӦŮ˷ǳ磬ûãǾͿʼЦ֣§§ˡ
Ҷ迴öǿŶȴûҪΪ̫ϰߡ
ʹǰ˵ܶΣۿִ󵨱ŵ淨ͷһء
ЩнַŲԼӣ¶ӣһߵĹ̸ļлЩʲôˣΪʲô˴¥
ǹＫˣСͱ˼|Ժﻹǵǰ飿ϹӦ
ۼͬѾͿ˴ûˣȺ͡ļǮɲһЩļˡ
еȣ粻󡣡ǹεεģƵģһҡӸҶȷ磬һ߲ɫؽ⿪½ۡ
ǵűͨ˺ŶˣһǶ˫ɴȹѩ׵ӱ֣ٽ⿪һ㣬ǰ׻ⶼҪ
䲻ģҶ迴˸ţʱһͣߵͨ졣
ʱԼӦðƿģʩ˶ƵģһҲܶʹģȻݡ
֪ݽԺǰǲҲ˲ΰ
ǹӶᶯˣзǳ⣬ؿȥһȥĸ첲
Ҷ˶סˣȫ֪롣
лǨ״Ц㻹ͷһؼʶ֣漸ξͺˡ㣬ͷᣬҲӢôȥͷЪһЪ
⡭ô˼˰ɡҶͰ͡
лǨҼҾͬԼңαؿ
ǹϲɫҶҪߣʱǰͻȻһ
ŤͷȥλҲ⣬Ҷæû˲ͷϵ麹
ݴлңлֲʲôŴ󻧣ŷһҶҵˣϽ
ҶԵȣȥ̫̫
ݲŲģ˴ź˿񵯳֮ˣֱ˳Դͷҹȥ
ŷˣţȰͷҶԵȣҽȥһ
ˣžϹģ
ߵּֿ죬ĸѾͷѹסô˳
ȿݺлǨ½סˡ
лǨӰԼҶҺȾƣҲýһ棬û뵽ˣԼԼҡ
ү۰Ҷ̾ȻˣлǨ־ϲ
ѽҶ̡лǨһæӭ
Ҷֻûȥͱһŵûɢ군군ˣҪˣ
ԽԽȿҶ边Ȼһ|Ӿһʱʱһ
ͣסţ֡
ȻѲϴ°óصݵ
սϴ°һȻǰҶӳ˵һ
ҶĹʱŵɫҲ˲ԼĿˣһԱ߶ˡ
Ҷ˳һףӵ£ɪɪ
ݵĵһ˸գϣ֭ˮĴɽƺյ裬һƬǽ塣
ŵļŵö㵽һߣлǨ½ֱӱݵƸסˣؿţһֶ˵
Ҷĺ죬ӵ¾ϺݺһΣ
ĸѾͷҲǿҪĲүô
ĸһӵϣǹΧסšץŪǹҽ죬Ҷĵסˡ
λ|ˣˡ
һУҲй棬ۺͿô棬Ҫ˼ҵţǾ͵ûع
Ǵһطģ˼æǰΧòײŰǿĹȳ˵һ໥ˡ
лҾͷӾˡ
Ҷ豻ݰŴ£Ͻ֭Լˮ˿Ǳ
־ֻţôˣ
˵ôˣ㲻˵Լ¥ֻ˳ģŭ
ѽҽ͡
ҶתҪҾݻðɣʱýȥſڣӾʹˡ
ҶѿȾܡ
ȻûնߣҲһװˣȳԾܵÿ죬գۼܳĲ֮Զ
һܣһŤͷ͸ȥʲô˼˵
ݾŹں׷ҲҴʮ¡
˾è׽Ƶģлҵĳһǰܣһں׷лǨ½ʶ˶ɵۡ
ﻹûɵعϽǰȰܣһסݵӣҶ̣ס֣ס֡
֣ҴŮˡ
ץŲϷţȰѹӷ¡
ЦһֱӶĸ첲شһ£󾪣ܵʮƵģһҽУɿ֣ת޿˽лǨĻѰο뱣
ôһ飬ҶۿҪܳˣæѾͷס
ĸѾͷܹȥڴһվŽƵİҶȥ·סˡ
ʱҲ׷ҶŤͷһֻųʼȦȦ

лҵŷסҶ̣æܽȥ֪ͨл̫̫ϾŮ죬Լ̫̫дС
л̫̫Ҫ˯һˣЩ֣Էʱţ˯ھһԹûŮ죬ôͻȻˣ
ԹԹŮţ棬ǴҴȹȥӭ͡
л̫̫ߵǡÿݴһĻ㵽ǽ͵
л̫̫Цúã
Ǽ˼²źأרϴ򣬵࣬ôү
Ϊˣʹ˰ֶٰΣл̫̫ܿһ㣬ֻòһð취Ϊ˾ͳһװ
һǴл̫̫Ŀϡ
л̵̫̫ģͬԼѾͷ˵ϻһҶǸĴˣôһҲд˵ĺôȷ˵ңΣҲ׷˼ҴԼ˵顣
Ѿͷɲôû뵽ҶýεεģȻô׺Ҷүƽʱ֪ôأ
л̫̫һƲŰۣЦʲôã˵׾ǸģһûС
ѾͷٺһЦǣܸ̫̫أ
л̫̫ϲֻԸ˸ͷӰȣ˶˵ȢȢͣҶģǿһӡưɣͷ˶ڱ˵ƶʲͻݣԼ˲ˡ
Ѿͷһ߿ǰϷһҡͷ̾ҶүҶôĶϱأ
ΪҶҶҶүжôҪȻֵõҪ˵㱨ҲûҪҶүһӸȥ͵ӾˡǺοƣƣҶүְˡ
ǩ
лҪ˵
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹȫ2 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ħŮ 10ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


56 
׷Ҷڳ˺üȦһɵ½ŷӦ
ȡɤӣлǨˣӣҶ
½УǰϾԷݣŮбֲҶ裬ͻతġ
ܲԼҶһȦɣҲ̫ɵˡԣŰ鷳߸лǨԼֻһԸɽۻ
лǨһǸûᣬȰܵĻӣ˵Ҷء
лǨ͵ƿ޿ɣ׷ݣһץסĸ첲ҪǸϴ°ЦȰҶ̣׷ˣʲô˵
ݱţһʱˣԶԶأҶͷҲͣ½ŲһߴһߺȰȰ
мֶȻôȦҪˡ
֣ŭĿлǨ
лǨԭץС۵ģѾֱ˦˼û˦ֻֽӹϴ°ͷسлǨȥ
ɫǣһҲۣ¶þȫлǨ֣ͷܡ
ȰܵģôҲˣлǨ߶߽С
úϻŶ
½ɲ˼ٿ֣Ц߹װģȰôˣס֣ס֡
ðүˣл̫̫ۼԼ˳Կһ䣬һܹæ
ݵĹ޲𹥻˭ǰһ£ʹ˭
л̫̫ΪԼӺܺʹû뵽ץһ£ͱһõ˼ϣʱ۵ðӴһѾͷУҲæҪȥ
һȶݼ·磬˲ȫܹˡ
ӻˣ˵İæֿʼˣһϴ°ʹû磬ֻ׷лǨʱ˲Ҷˡ
лǨʮ꣬·ټƽʱ̰ͼɫͱͿˣܵı»Ҷأݴÿ޵
ûˣôܵ˼Ұл̫̫żһԿ޽С
ͣմһ䣺ҾͿ˳ۡ
˶࣬Ҳõ˵˵лǨԼֶţϾһ˵Ů˳ԿһЩ
Ƕ㡣
ԶԶҶ迴в̣ܾлǨڴĵ߹ȰݣˣҸؼȥҪҪ㡣
лǨݴñͷڵϣһһ̵İлл̫̫ƿ˹ſлǨϣŤͷݣ㻹ٴҪˣ
Ȼл̫̫ղŴһѾˣΪŮûʲô˼ټҶˣݾͻ˸Ŀ꣬ӳҶȥˡ
Ҷ費Ҷ㣬ôվţһµذš֪ҪǲǲԹԸԼؼҵġ
һҶʮͷһ룬ҲˣŸ˸ͷԸˣߣˡ
ѹӽתͳߣҲкҶ裬Ŷֳˣ
Ҷȫʹ½ɣЦԲסλˣԵ
½ݣæȥȥúðҲǵģǰûҶ˵ô
½ɺлǨˣŮ˹ܲǣԲûµ
Ҳû˵ۿȴͷһأҶү۵ûš
Ҷ迴򻹶ڵϽллǨ
ûû¡½ɰڰ֣Ůж󾢣ȭ˲ˣǵƤ˰ˣ㻹ǸϽȥ׷ɡ
Ҷ賯˸Ҿȥ׷ݡ
үүôˣл̫̫޵һлǨ½󲻿֡
״Цֺݲô̫̫أ
ȷţ½ǰлǨһ·͵ϡ
лһƬæңݺҶ˼ңҶ費ϻţͳݷˡ
ƽʱڼҲͰˡ㵹֪㣬ֵȥҶ治˵ôܴأл̫̫زġ
һĵϣ㽻ĶЩʲôƨѣһǸթСˣ˵ĺǹȰܵģʵûҶֶء
Ҷסˣɴ۾ȫš
Ҫּܲ׷㷴򣿡
һͷҶ촽˶ʲôҲ˵
ݵĻΪڶŮ˵ǺҪģû˭Ц
ȫ벻ݺлǨɡ
лǨ½ȻʲôˣѵӻǺܿģ񶼲ġ
õлǨȻͷˣ⻹ڳҪأ
Ҷһһ޲ھͻȥлңٰлǨһٲźá
ݼ㶼ʮˣôҲǸţѲ֪ЩƷõģۣȺ֣ҿ˶ûš
ҶֺޣֱڨڨģðŵҲˣҲˣٺˡ
ô㻹Ÿҽҩһ|˪ҪҪ
ҶЩûЦ
ǰ˵Լƿԣ޲죬ˣȻʹ졣
㻹Цҹ£
С׼òˮϲ裬ƺڳܣȥͱסˡ
ʾȥţȻСߣ̺ү˵أǾͱȥˡ
СҲ϶˵ڳܰɣҸҪȥȰһȰˡ
񣺡ȥˣүǸΣ޴ͷܴβϣȵ˵ɡ
С̾ûκֻøȥ˲ţصš
Ҷ費ϹűѾͷˣϥǣݵСȣܿ˰ɣ󶼲Ҫˣ𣿡
ûꡣ˵ǳˣƭңŮҪûĻӦǼ|ԺĹɣ
޷|ԺͷĹһŴ磬жֹɵϳ
˵ͷ
ðѾʼˣʲôʱȥأ
ûûСҶæذ֣ҲûôźȺȾƶѡ
ȥÿ죬Ҫȥһ˵ǲȥ
Ҷѵ¿ˮôأ
лǨȷ˵ҪҼӣⲻǻûȥȻ
һɫϵԭеľ飬֪Ǹʲôɫ
ԭ˵ɷˣҶǰҶഭڵģҶ׺Խ޷졣
ԽԽһ߹ȥߵҶƵҡ¡
Ҷ޵òУݲӣˣô죿ֻܳôûˣȰãҹȥ˵


57 
ҲǳƭģԭԼ¥˭֪лǨϣ˵Ҷڵϣݽ͵
˵ȻлǨԼңٽ˵ֶţҶͰҧÿֱ졣
˵ңЩĺͼ|ԺĹﶼлǨġˣǰͷеģպÿһܲܲ鲻Ⱥɣ
ֱǿʶô˵˼ҸľҪţڸһţ࣬ӲӣԲԣԽԽöģ˳ֶյһ
裬ϺʣģݺõȲ軹Сء
ҶĨһģȻҪˡ
Ƿ곡Ϸ˭ᵱ棿㿴л̫̫½̫̫ʹЩ˵ţҶ費Ըٹȥˣһ۲ݵɫһ̽վ
ĥ
ҶִСɵΨҶӣܱĥڻѾʵѵˡ
һŲӣҪԼŸأѵҪøӰ˨Լϣ
ǧôһ֪˭ĥ˭أɲԸ˰һ
ôһ֣ҲԼҪһսˡ
ҶĸֻΪǲЩл˭˵˵ֻҪԼǰС
ҶˣǱ˵ˣԾͬСӣȣûʲôֻ꣬Լ
Ըˣ㲻Ҫѹڱ֮ǰʵ˳ëһۡ
¿ۣʱû
ҶûжԼƢ֪ٹˣܸˣߵߵҪ衣
ŷֺҲģæʣҽȲ
ÿˡ
Ҷæ߹ȥţͲ
СҸϽһ²裬̽СƵ飬·̺ү֤ܵݡ
ֻȰԼҪæ˻֣ʾϽȥСֹջĬĬˡ
Ҷݵ˲裬СЩ飬Ҳֻƨɡ
ݺһڲ裬̾ǣңҪΪҺһˣʹˡأŵǴӲЩģ˵治ʲôҪĶûҲٳһ뷹˯һ
Ҷ﷢࣬ζӮݵĸԭڣΪŮ˵˱Ҫʱ򣬿ȫģҴ֡
ô죿Ҫż˵أܲҲҪӺѪսװɣ
ݶɫԸˣҲ˱Ůˡü仰һأϴϴɾ̫ɡ
Ҷ|һޱȵֵۣ̿ģһˡԺ󲻹ȥҶһһʮ㡣
־Һο΢΢ͷɫҹڱ˵ǵĻһ룬Щٿˣұ֤ûͬһŮˣٲһ£Щ˽»᲻Щóͷһأȷ˵˭ıǮ˭ıǮС˭־ã˭пõġ
ͬһŮˣȻеģлǨ½ھϾʹ£ʱҶֻô̼ûоκβס
ôһ˵Ҷ亹ˡ
ҿԼṳ̂ȥȻͳЦˣ⵽˭˭
ѵͲȾЩಡ¶һı飬Ҫּ˵ĲǲźģʱͰѲڳһһհɡˣһúøعѵģһԷģҸҶڷġ
Ѹټޣôһ˵Ҷʱͱжˡ
ôᣬòԼҲһңû뵽һˡ
ҶŸжȥˣѹûע⵽
ۿʪ鶯ݣݣҾ֪ĵǴҺõģ˵ò޻ԭáЩݺݺ඼Ƿ곡Ϸıȵһͷ
üͷһ壺㻹ݺݺࣿ
벻룬ҲҡҶҾģԼ⡣
ݺ裬վҲˣҲˣҲˣֻʣһ׮£
Ҷֺõؿʲô£ֻҪϵɽ»𺣣һӦ
ǹ§§̫ˣúúϴһϴȻѲȾҡ˵꣬ʹ񣬡Ҽµ˿ȿ
ҶȻǳԹ˿ϵģ˿ȿǸʲô治֪ڲǲʲô³ĵġ
ȥ˳һˣܿˣҶ迴ĿɿڴݲԼⶫȥɣ
ݾԷԸ񣺡үȥúøһ꣬ҪøɸɾѣֱӰȥյҲһס
ðİæ׼ϴˮȻŶҶ˵үɡ
ҶԼ½󣬿񿴲ɻƵģƴҡͷΪ
ֻתͷȥݣԼϴҪȻҵС
ߣЦСˣŲģùԹԸߣ
Ҷ̾˿ȥˡ
ֽݵķԸ˿ȿʹҶϴ꣬ϴɾ
Ҷĺ󱳼ֱһ°壬ÿһ£ͲҽһݾҽУһһغˡ
ҶϴˣųصĽŲ鷿ƽӭ
ƽǸŵģԼү˾Ҳлҵȥ˷ȾƣûܿһֳеһУ˵ġ
ʹûۼǶԷ˵ûɫƽԼүһ亹
ô˵׼ү˼һҪٰһٴء
ƽҩҳСĵүҸϵҩ
Ҷͷ鷿䣬ſڴϣƽ·üһүȫǺͨͨģ˾ձƵġ
ƽʮֲ⣬ôҲܴôȰɣĻɣһҩһҵãûƤ
Ҷĵɺӣǰ˶ٴֱźݴ飬˿ȿˣ
ʲôι˶ɣ
ҶŤͷƽҰʱ㲻æʱ˵ʲô
ƽЦҲ밡ֻûü˷һؾأû֪ͨҡү֪лӲŲأԶĲҽ
Ҷû
ƽ֪ҶлǨѾ϶Թ˵ߵʱлæɷлӽеÿˡ˵ҪҪͷȥ
ƽл֣֮Ǹ˵ùȥ
ʲôҲ䣡Ҷ費ͷˣƽƢүүҩˣȥ
ƽһϽŲ˳ȥ
ҶԽԽлǨһ٣ƽˣַ֪ˡ
СʱҶ˳һЩڴ¿ұȦûš
Сأ
ƽƽ
ƽϽԸ
㶯ҵ飿ҶĿ·ƽֻҪҵһͷܿԴƵġ
ûûСƽͷҡ˹ģүǶˣô󰡣ҴӲġ
ҲԣƽǺԼһŵģҶȥһ£鷿˭
ƽܿʹˣҶһʱͷԵģʣ׼Ǳݸûˡ
ӣԼоԼġ


58 
ȻݹӻӵúãϾǸŮӣСûʲôж
ˣлǨȻŴһ٣ҲֻΪƤˣʮҲͺȫˡ
ſлǨĲǰ޵۾ģһµƫƫѹŲϷ̫죬żϸϸسҭ
лǨ⸱ͼľһƬģҲ˵ˣ˺õÿ졣
л̫̫³ذһȻյлǨǰſɤӿ޺үҿүһƬ˳Ծƣôֻĸϻô
л̫̫ʱͲʲôˣʮԺԽԽ̱ķֵòֻҪһ죬ֵõ֡
ټԱţ˼ңҲлǨ
лǨüŴǺɥأүһû
л̫̫ŵô˸ãϽ졣
ﴹͷڶﰵЦԹʵ̫ˣӦʵ̫̫£רϴõ컵źأ
лǨ꣬ҲЩס
ôãռ޵ݵģ˽ôУС檵滹Ӧøӡ
ǣӻ֣ȳȥȻԸл̫̫ҿˡ
л̫̫ˣЩŲҪԼݲ裬һϽһȲ裬ιȡ
лǨڴϣͷ裬һʱղһңЩա
չ־һֱζͷ
ڣͷһرŮ׷ŴǸªĺֱӾǼ߹ȥˣǸεε˰ҲʶٵŮˣòҶȵģûС
׷Ŵ᲻ܣôˣֻҪľС
ţǾͺһ˿Ц⡣
лֻ̫̫ɵˣϽȥĶͷǲǷ˸ȡ
лǨͷһᣬ㿪֣ˡ
л̫̫ڨڨģûһ˵ﶼҶ̲ԣһһأȻˣ³òˡҶҽҩѵģⶼˣҶүؼҲ򷢸˹ƣôģѵٴͰװô
лǨϻţ˵ݵĻܲˣҶʲôɣ
л̫̫ɴۣŵطʣôͺˣѵ׵Ĳ
ǱӰɣ
лǨĬĬǿаںڹҶͷϣĻسȥ棬ûǰ˵˵׻ǹҶүһҶ̣͵͵ܳģǵҶ̴Ƣ
Լ˵Σл̫̫֪ģǿ˼ҳƯԴҲһȤô
л̫̫мƲƲ죬Ҳ˵˴ûŮҪ˵ǿģ˵ȥȻˣɷҪǿ˭ӵľ͵̧ؼңСһúźɷ
ţһáлǨͷ
л̫̫ޣϾЩ⣬°Ҳ̧ø߸ߵġ
û룬лǨһתֵҲ˵ǸˣºСͨģܰѶͲˡСľһһŹӣ͵Ҷү߳ԻƣȻˡ
л̫̫ط˸ۡ
ҪǻԼ˵һ٣ǲСЩҪ˦ӸԼȻʮ²ԼݣֻСЦӡ
лǨҶү˵Ҷ̵ȥˣΪ˲öŮܺĥôһֱţҶҪġ
л̫̫ͷԼָס
ǵȷǸģԼˣ²մŮˣܼġ
ԣҲ˵û粻Ĵôġ
лǨԽ˵ϵϧԽأҲݴ˵ʵ˰ôʻѽ
л̫̫ҧҧǿЦʣô죿
ҲôһʣлǨȴ룬ܹǳĻ£ƾ׺Ҷү˶ٴ㱸͵ҶȥҶүѹѹٽҶ
л̫̫һ⻰޲ܰšá
ôԼ˴򣬵ͷҪ񣿻ûˣ
ǣлǨĻ⣬ʥּл̫̫ҷȥ׼һͨͨ˸͹ȥ
лţƽȥӴģȥҶ衣
Ҷſڴˣһлģ˵ĴһҶͺ޵òС
ȥȥա
ƽȵҪҪͼСǮҶһɣè͹Ҳ
ƽȥˣлҵֻԭ
лǨ˼Σ˵ˣҲգ˺ͬ˵
л̫̫ŲЩֻ֪ͳȥֻˣʡһƷѣǸ¡
˼գлǨˣҶȥľ¥ԾƣҶˡлǨҶŷ͵˷Ըֻ˵үڼҡȥˣ˵ȥ²鿴ȥˡ
ľܵģлǨҲعζ˼ȥ½ɣм䵱С
½ɲϹһ죬лǨͲӦȥҶ̵ģҶٺãҲǱ˵ӣƽʱ໥ҲͰˣֶܶأ
½񣬾һˣҶûнڲ
½ɽһҶЦȤ˺û
ʲôˣСҲʹءҶֱͦŬάԼ档
½Ц˺һӲͣ㵹Ǻˣлֵʵڴ˺ü졣
ҶüŲԼҲһֱء
½ɣһҪãô˵е˼ǲˣ˵ͷȥ
ҶɵҲ֪Щǲܶ⽲ģ΢ЦҹҪʵ̫æ׳дŴߴù⼸춼ڼء
ǺǣǺãɾʮ㣬ǣһʮûˡ
½ҲǾԲеˣлǨ£˵ƽʱҲ飬ֻǲ統ڷˡ
鲻ʮоٵء
л˼䣬½ɾҪǣҾͲ㿴ˣֻҪлûìܾͺãһػǲϼﲻ֪ż
ҶЦЦһֱ͵ſڲת
½ɾֱȥлǨһлǨֵûǿǱŮ˴һ٣е㲻˼ˡ
ңлǨʱһԼĶͷյҾû뵽һ㡣ײǣûʮ꣬ҪǿӵʱҲգͲȥˣͷҼ̫̫ţҵ⡣
½һ緹ߺлǨͶл̫̫˵ϻȥ˻ˣټӺЩ͹ȥ
л̫̫᲻񣬵½ү˵Ҳе绹ˣЩ˵ɡ
лǨһ壬ѵ˵ȥȥʲô֪﷿ܣҲѧѧ˼ҡ㿴ٿԼҪҲܶЪ
л̫̫һѵ⣬ܲʹ죬촽һһϣֻԼ໰
һһ׼ȻѾͷȥҶ


59 
ڼ߻
ҶϴͻӺܺãɫʵᱡʺļ
ŲЩսֿԻ棬лֱ۵ľ񣬸ϽЩҲŲһ⣬ܷӳļֵ
ܹƥݺҶƥǰЩѾͷǸϳһףѾˣĿǰŵڶס
СҴŶˣȰѲõȥʰȻϴϴ֣һЦˡ
߻ϸۡСҵһյ²
ԼܷӵļҺ̳ԭŮ칦˵ղҺȣѰѻʹõġ
кѲǾ˵²Ҳ̵ġ
ûнӲ裬ȿСһۣͷһϸϸĺӣ֪һˣˡ
ȰɣҲʡ
СЦЦѲˣһֻ²豭˲˹ȻһȦѾͷҲݵĶûһŸøүһġ
СҾãӵܲɷأкӦ˴жģܿԼ
̣Ҽǵ÷ƥǸүģ֣
ݰһۣЪ㻹ϣ۲ԼүѶأóȥӵˡļ˿У˵ϧȴ˻С˵ɡ㵹ҡ
һתøˣȻΪϱûء˵꣬Ը֮ǰʣµɫеı߽ҳպù˫ӵġ
ûԶ֣Ͼ߻ҲˣʱٸżĹȥ
ԴˣСҵҲû˵ʲôȻʣı߽ϣӻǺܺõģܾܲôװ˷˰ɣ
ͼһһ˵˵ЦЦԺŵĶ˵л̫̫
붼룬ֱӵ
ЦŲ˵л̫̫ء
һҲͲôˣб˲ռҲ˵գ˵ġ
ֻл̫̫ˣү֪֪ʶ
ү֪Ů죬óģʾ̡
ݺԷ͵ʲôͣĻѾͷ׼ˮģдˡ
л̫̫ͷһҶһžа档
լӺܴľֲþ£ǵ͸ŸϢ
һ·СԺԺˣݵӰӡ
л̫̫Щˣǿͣô˼ӭңǽȳ
ߵſڣ̣л̫̫ˡ
߳Цеͬл̫̫кղ˵ˣһȥſӭһӭأѵһ벻Ѿˡ
ʵû⻻ѣֻóȥӭӣл̧̫̫һϴһ׼µĶ㺼ȹϴμ洩׻ҪÿҲⷬ˵ǡ
л̫̫Цôˣֺα̫Ѿͷ·Ҳ߶ɹأҪǰɹҾ͹ⲻȥˡ
΢΢üж죿ƺϴλ沢Ǻɣ
Ц£Ȳõġ
л̫̫ǴģлǨһҪҶ̴ùϵԭе㲻ΪȻ
ȷ˵ǣССĹԱһҲмʮˣÿúãǲΪ˴µģйȴ磬ƶû̻˼ء
ݣɨһȦڵĸ裬Ȼ
лҶȣѹԼүҪ˵ˡ
ݺЦѵôȵ죬㻹һˣ֪ʲôҪô
л̫̫ն裬Ų֪ϵȲҶ仰ʱо趼ˡ
ǰ죬հҼүҴһ٣μ棬ѵ㲻Ӧȹһǵ壿
ȲҲҩӻûУ·˵ĲƵģл̫̫ɫѿһ˲
ţüʾ졣
ĲԼдʱȻл̫̫һ£ûö˭ҪץԼأѵӦø㾯
Ǻǡл̫̫ǿЦЦҼү⼸һֱڼŶû
ˣڴء
ǺѽŰЦ˾ӦöڼԼӣʲô
ӦöлңҪһٴָܳȥˣ˵ֶ˼á
л̫̫һҭΪİʾȻǸ´ˣ˼ֻ΢ת˸䣬˻˼ˡ
ԸĴˣ˵УȻţͷģ˵ʱȥ
л̫̫²յ̾һĳҿҼңºҽ˲⴫ɱǰˡ
޹ôˣ
лֻ̫̫ؿһʹ˵ĽΪѣ
ѽлָ̫̫˵ݣŮӸ꾲ΪҪȢȢͣĸ͸ϱ˼Ҵɱɱģ
ɫɱ˭ˣ˵ҴĶǸôˡ㲻˽࣬ͲҪ½ۡ
л̫̫ͻȻЩѣ˽ࣿҲڳҲһģ
л̫̫Ṉ̀˵ˣڼԼүųֺݣƫƫֲ飬ɵƵģԼ
л̫̫ҲﲻסͳֱԵҶ̣СҶֲڼңƽҲû˽̵㡭
ݰڰ֣ĻҾͦõģȫҪ˽̵
л̫̫أҰοҪһƽϣҪƽϣǰү
»ٴαݴϣл̫̫һػߵһ㣬ضҹȥԼԼãĺãô˵˲㡣һôãûļҵĸ˸ҴԼ˵ģҪǴ˳ȥܲһ׺Ķû˵ҶүҲûˣȽҶүҶ˻ؼңҿô졣
ԼĶ䣺˵̫ˣû壬˵һ飿
л̫̫ؿȻ͵صͷ豭ݹһһ㣬̧ͷǺһ˿޵ļЦ
һȦźļѾͷʣҶź˲ֻٰϧʵϲ̨棬Ӧǳúõģ㲻ʱҲɹȥźҶү
ϿļЦϼŶû˵Ҫүأв浱ɵϣ
ݹڳһߴģελصҲų׶أү˵ֻһˣһŶƲϡ
л̫̫ĺƤˣԿ˵ټ
öԷڳЦЦүһһƴŮˡ
л̫̫оԼͷҪðˣΪʲôҪȡ裿


60 
л̫̫þȫƽԼЦҶ˵ĿǳģΪĶϱҲ̫ǲǣܵȵҪõʱأȻӦǰԤõģҶүһʱòţҲһͻݵġ
ǡݰڰ֣ĵҴӲЩˣȲֲܳܺȣαأ
л̫̫ݾһβӣֲõֻӣ˻һݻһܲԼأǶҪĶ˲Ų㣬߳ȥҲȱͦøֱЩ
Լ곤꣬Ϲ̵˵ΪһתЦ˵Ҳֻҵλ֪ûбͨã
л̫̫һᣬ̧ͷͦأԺҼүֲֶͣʸλͨѾͷء
Աһ֣߲
ݵһ˸Ůˣһ˯һĻһڶûݣҪӰУ
ݾȵʣôŰ˸ҿл̫̫Ҳģ˵ģֻóȥˣոʮȫʮһμѻء
л̫̫Ŀɿڴ
ЦԼ˰ŵŮ̫٣ǴӲվӵģ
л̫̫һžҪȥȵҼүͲһˣȻţҲֻǸո𲽶ѣ󻹵³ſأ˵ľ޵ģ⴦طöЩĵطˡҿǶҪ
л̫̫ҧýģڼԼүǸ
پլЩ£תͷ⣺ҼүţҼүĴڼϯҶүԾƵģŪǷ޲ϡ
Ҫһܴȵˡ̹ȻҼү鷿ʵڲˣˣҲϡ
л̫̫ҲֻΪ˼ݵģҶүĵûνүĻɡ
ԼٴȥᱻըæǣҾͻȥˣ´ȥҼ档
õģһһ
ݸһֱ͵ſڣۿл̫̫ҪϽӣŵ˷߰ɡ
ݵſڣôһ·ҶϽ÷Ҳ̫˰ɣл̫̫ŤͷЦˣ»㡣
ã߲ˡЦеػ֡
л̫̫ôһƤʧһʺػؼˡ
ݻصСԺл͵̳þƣʳУвҶнƥ
ȻͻȻ䣬ʼڴл̫̫´ˡ
磬Ҷ緹˵л̫̫ţˣͲüģҵĶȫ˻ȥ
۾һɣǲɵ񶼲գǸҵĲյİá
Ҷ⻰ʵʲô
һʧѵҵȻҲЩôװʧȥˣͷҲʹ졣ڣǻǶʶȤһЩˡ
ǺǡҶ賶˳ǣƤЦⲻЦ
ݵ޵УҶһ̣Լδеǡ
ص緹Ҷص鷿鷿СѾһѻˣʣֶûˡ
޿κΣֻ鱾ǿҳֽдһƪ֣ĥʱ⡣
ٲŻѵĻÿֻڼ˾ȥ԰һߣɢһɢ
ݶԴ˱ʾ˼ֻٳΪã鷿ء
£Ҷ쵽µ㻨Ǯݵ㷨ֻ֮ʮ
ҶóԼǮϻӣ֮ǰµʮǶʮˡ
ЦЦǮ̤ʵˡ
ƽһ˵үͺˣ㻨ǮҾͲˣ̿һǮء
Ϊϴлҷ飬ºݸƽ˸ܲүΪС˲˵ȰЩ֪ؼ͸ţֻźлҵ˳Ծƣѵ÷
Ҷ赽׻еģϾǴСźԼģʹϻȡһСӣݸƽҲǱˣţÿҲ㡣
ƽϲæؽӹ¿˸ͷȰүƴ˳ЩƤ֮ࡣ
ǡҶȭĿ׵ʱٺˣ
Ҷƽȱլ飬˵֪ȿûˣݺܿ˵ˡ
Цүرϲȥ԰䣿ߣҲȥơ
ҶͥðլӺܷһ򣬱ϾǸүٲ͡԰ǾĴģǽ˺ü̳ŸƷʻ
ݿһȦָŻ̳ԸѾͷǣЩҰˣЩпõĶʵ˷ѵط
СҾòףȰүϲͻģЩ󰡣ʵڿϧ
ʲôϧģʮ£֧һ뻨޼ķãεε
СһûȰݣѾֿŵؿʼˡ
ʱ̳ùͺͺģ룬Ų㣬ʹУҲʡЩá
Сŵõľƻ°԰ӶˣҪүô죿
ݲŲںҶģһӾ˲źء
׹û׼
һ⣺ƽǣЩҰϣǶˣˮܳһƬ
СһžҪ˵ݴ˵ʲôϲ̨ĻҰҰȤģҪء
СֻԼǼʶ٣Ҳͱ첻ˡ
ƽ˷Ը̳ȥˣøϽֽ̳Խһˮ
ʶȤһֻͣҪ̵ķԸʲ˵ֻͷɾˣû̵ء
Ҷ˯ȥ԰ɢɢһ߽ȥͿһƬɴҰԼ洦ɼҰʱһ
԰ӣ¿ȷԼûߴط½԰ӣ۾۾ǺúõģûϹ
ƽƽɤӹֽ
ƽСŹү
˭ɵģҶָŻֶ̳ڲǰҵ԰յˣ˭˶ÿһá
ǴӷܳҰ
ܽܣ
ٺ١ƽɵЦⶼ̵ķԸΪʲôѽ
ûáҶ̧һ£ȥö˶˵ģֿʼ̣ҵ԰ˣҾֻʣһطǲⶼݲ𣿡
ƽʵĽǶ룬ЩҲͲкˡүŹ˻㣬һҲͦõİżһʲôʱŹˣЩʻ𣿡
Ҷͬһп˵˵ף򻨵Ӵ
Ǹġ


61 
յĹֹȥĴ⡢ԼҰʹԭȵή״̬þӣ
СҺܸˣΪǸڼӣһŴУһ׬˵ĸо
ҲܸˣǴСǿӣֿԴķʽʾһֵ޳ɡ
Ҳܸˣÿÿ뵽Ҷ޻ͣ޴ȥ;ʹ졣
ǵģֻҶ費ˡ
ÿһ԰ӣ͸оԼ۾ʹһأĵ𽥱޿̣ĵдһŸ
ݰЩƷˣһЩѵǴ֮õĴҰ֮
Ҷͥ⿴ţֱӣҷ˶˼Ű԰Ӳóãһȫһˡ
Ҷ˵˱ֲֻ˻һ
һҶͥⴵӵ۾Ҿ˵ռ䲻ϺƫƫŲףƣȻģͲ͡дٲѵѵǻȥԺﶼˮˡ
Ҷ̲סЦҵүˮôֵģϱܿĻˮҿû˾û˰ɣֻҪӣʲôأǻȥˣ뻨ʮھͻһĺ԰ӡ
Ҷͥؿڵ˳һЩҶȰ֪СˣԼĿ֧ܺùִŵġڼּңӦñŶԣ˵ģ
ҿҶû⻰Ȼ϶ᱻŻһѪ
ڼﰡȿϵΣ˵⻰
˺ԺȰһͨҶͥҲԼͶϱƽûʲô˼ɫÿ˺ֹֻܶ࣬ʡµǵǮһƬҶӵģ֪ǻ𣿡
Ȼ¾ҹȥˡ
Ҷʸдţ˵԰ЩСҲãڣƽʱҲûʲôӦֻ꣬ڼҰĶ飬԰ֲֻݣϵ
ǰβƱȥϱԼҲŸ͹һأҶ˾ֻЩصزͬһĻϼҡ
Żȵһ飬ȻذӵҶǰƣаʼղռʤ壬Ҳֻڱ״ˣСоƲ𡣡
Ҷ֧֧ᣬ˵ȿţɫʵߵϼ
̫ˣﶼվһߣӴˣͶҶʧȥģҲڱùˡ
ݰյزֳݣԼһ룬һȥҡ
ǡʱƮ˽һµˡ
㲣糾ͣҶ迴ĵһۣΪĽлӣһذڰ֣ȥϴϴȻػ
ֶȥˣԱʹʹϴ˸裬һ£Źػ
Ҷһ˻֪ûҽɫġ
⽻һҩɫصһ·һ·ʣسǶܱˣײŴһλҽ˷ȶҵ̬ȻǺܺõģֻһ˵ҪȥأЩ⣬ֻһҵײһңҪƵġ
Ҷֱӣŵʣ㲻˰ɣ
ҶԾԼڱǻǸˣҪһǿɲˡ
ǺһЦҪ£˵ȥֻҪȼүȻ֪ˡ˭֪ϣֱҲû취дŷӸҡ
Ҷ̾Ҳʱ˲ã˰ˣŷҲһˣȥЪŰɡ
Ҷƽȥץҩƽӹҩϰ¡
һȥһ£˵ǻؼ̽ףһһŷӣƽү֮ܣϧô׻ⶼؿƿһ۰צײ
ƽ룬үǵĳֲ֢֮ɣΪźСˣ³һܲң˵׼Ҫүأ
ҽݣʹֻһͨӣƽ˿һץҩŻؼҡ
үҩץˣ¯ǰԺҩǽԺȥ̷Ը˰
Ҷ豾ģôСԼŰžˣαطǵ
תһ룬õԺҲãݷԼȻڳҩҲҪʧȥˣû׼ܻɸΪ񲯣źأ
ţ̰ɡҶгԽԽһ
㲻ϡңҾͿҪˣŲż󲻺ڣ
ƽҩ˺ԺҵСңС˵꣬ŵϥһڵϡ
١үʲôϲأСɫҰףĿⶢƽ˵ĳ־֢
ƽɵˡ
֮СҶұˣΪƽͿˣСԺЩѾͷҲֻСһүġ
ֻǣû뵽ôǿһҩų
СҼòУƽְ𲻳Ϊµ࣬ȻһһƿҩȻɱȥݡ
̣̣үˣ򶼲ˣƽץҩأһúˣ
СҷſֱͺϾҪƵġ
ʲôݴ󾪣漴ŷϲõĹâ
ԭľʵ̫ģҪ˵ıĻõİ취Ҷ̡
ֻҪһЩΧĺլҲɢˡ
˶ûˣɶ
ϧûǵȥɱһˣôɶ
ºˣҪԼˣǿɾͲˣһأȻؼ̳ȫŲӴ˳Եúãúãסúãźˣô
һʱ䣬ԽԽˣԽ˾Խ˷ܣתȦԸ񣺡ȥȦ׼ãٸүţǻɥ
ˡ
Сҵ£̣ȲæϽȥүҪ
Զԡݶ˶ȹǴ鷿ȥ߱߷Ըû£Ҫûо͸Ͻ˳ȥ򣬳үӻûӲϽϣȻͷͲðˡˣٳƥ鲼ǰѸĶ
ƽհҩӵϼ˳С·ͥԺݷԸ
䣬֪̾ˣôģֻһͨĲҩģȻ뵽Ҫү׼ˣ
̡̣˵ƽһߺһ߳˶֡
Դƿ鷿ţҶһ˫һ۾ؿ
ݿֿСңղŸ˵ʲô
СҲţۣүɫοҲǴĲˣ̻ϲشүûүûƽ˵ҵڹŹһƵġ
ո׷ƽ
ݳʧ
ﲻʹ죬Ҷһۣǲвʲô棬ƫƫ˵ԼҪˣҶԸ׼ˣб¾ǰҾһ⡭


62 
Ҷ豾Ϊ֪ԼˣһظοϸչԼû뵽ӭȴͷһ
Ĩ˰ĿƮȻȥֻƽֻСƵģضڽ
Ҷ˿³ôһС£Ʊʲôӣȥͷ£վʱ
ǡƽͷɥߡ
µ죬յգվʱܰһͣƽԹԵվã̵һС㣬СϺ׵簡
ΪײСϺףϷôأ
ѾϢ˵߹ƽֿͷϡ˵ôȵ죬վôһҹˣη֢״ʹʹ뽪
ѰҽѰһ£Ҳ˼ҽѧȲŪˡ
ƽ޵ֱҧһ
ٺ٣ǹҧʶģ㡣ҡҡͷȥ鷿źү
ݻصԽԽоԼˣˣҪǱҲͰˣƫƫҶϷŪˡ
˺öΣҲʲ¡
Թɫһ»ľջСҴүûľϲлعֿʼ߶ˡ
̣ȻүȥúõģԵ޹ʵôҪҩأ磬򣬺úøүһ¡
ǰǸһˡ
ڰ֣ᣬϽȥûʱͰǰŪˡ
գһҽн
鷿ҶһѾͷĴԥŲ϶ү
˰ˡҶ赹ϣȻʲôֻʵʵ˵ˡ
һԣҪȥ֧ţ˴˿̣Ҷ費סݣǲ̹ףȡ
վǰһһʮƵ˵˸
ݺǺһ˰
СԺпү̽ͷ̽ԵЩЦүôأ
о˽ƣҶֻÿһ˫߽
ҲˣҪ˵ȥӭûֱӷ⣺ѳƻؼ̽ףƭӣͷȴѵֻүӣҾͲô
ġ
ҪʲôãЦģҪڱ˼ңͼʮӴͶ̥ȥˡ˼ѪٰӾȼŰɡһ㷸˴ֻ˰ʱҲǳͷ̫ԵʣŶãַˡ
ŵ˫ȷͨһͷٸһλᡣ
ĳ̾ǰ۸ĳҲգһأе ʰ׼Ұɡ
⾪һͷ亹ͷл
ȥʱȻϴµͰ
ҷҲֻҪϴһͰĸԸ
˷ͷߣԺҶӭԣҶüңֳݼۣ˼̴ʱΡ
ûе˼ֻǿɥһ͵͵ؽһү
Ҷ̾ڰ־ͽӣһĻ龢ǱȲƽ
ôû˯ǲȣȡҶһȥͿʼֺݡ
ݶյڲ裬Ȼ̧ƤһۣЦ˸͸ôأ
ٺ١Ҷվ岽֮ԶܷС˲ֻܽѵˣǧӡ
Źϡ
Ҷ費ţΪŴʸ˼Ӱԣ޲úվĴ˵źء
ݼվŲһҲͰѲյصطһ죬Ҷŵɿعš
¶һ΢ЦŰϵҶ֣
Ҷһһĥ䣬̶̼·ٲȻ߳˺|ﳤļѾ
⸱ηηģӣȶˣûҲ̶ϵ
Ҷ̲סһ£ǽʵϴ°ϥϣӦòʮܰһȸöϰɣ
˸£ɿߵǰѾĴ㡣
ҪһڻסͷͬʱȡҲסñԵɣϾλѾ˲ٵľ顣
ⱻҷȥʱӣӦ򣬸ðԲԣ
ҶΪԼҲҪȥ֣Ҳȥ棬̫ˣҪȻ㻹ǴҼ°ɡ
ҲҪģǵͷһشҶ裬ݵĸ첲졣
ݲŲԸԼأһȦѡԷߵŰ齡
̫պɹ˹ļչԡɡ
ָ齣Ҳ㣬ȥѴȫ򿪡˵ҲӣѾҸˡ
ҶڰϹãһȻҸǶԱȳġ
ȻǴ濴ֱֻܿͦϰ||յرסԼ档
ȻͷɹҲֻɹϰ||Ǻģ⣬˶ɹţ̫ˡ
Ӵ￴ȥǡܺ͹СԺſڵңңҶп͹Ȼͬ

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Ĩ˰Ѻͷƽ߹ˣȡЦӴҲˣô뽪أ
޺޵ؿƽЦȰȥ̶ҪҪҸһ
ֻ
ƽ͵Ц߿ˡ
ƽԶջߣп˴ߵҶ衣
үڿأгϧһͬңѾյ⣬ȥЪɣҲɹء
ֹһ
ףүôߣڿң
ѵѵүܿ࣬ûʲôð취ﲻ̣ǾҪһ
ģƵģǻг˼췢ģүԼⱲΨһӣԸΪү
ˣοںڹԸΪүһӵĹܴСڹ׹ֻҪүҪ˦
зģ⳯Ҷķͷ
ҶƵ룬һﲻǱɹͷ˰ɣԵ޹ʵģʲôͷأ
ϥеˣҶŤͷݵڴ˯ˣض˶ϥǣʱ۵졣
ˣοЦˡ
һүĻӦү˶üëʾ֪ˣүֶ˶죬˵ʲôֻǸ̫ԶԼûѡ
үȻõӡ


63 
˯ˣҶͿʼ͵ˣٹöֱӶᣬϥֻϢ
Ǻ޲ֱҲߣ̻ߣݵĻ龢㲻۶ţҲзԼûܷ
ȷ˵ϥǵĺ׳̶ȡˣֻҾطϰǾӴ
˺ܾãϴ΢ĶڷƿҪˣҶϽˣĿбӡ
ݱ˯һˬ´ȿһҶ裬˻ʵͳȥϴǽǵĵ©ֻʱңҶҪʱˡ
һ裬Էڰ齵һкȲ衣
ҶͿˣ˿Ų㣬ԽпҪð̵ơ촽ܸҵһҪĲ裬ҺһСھС
ȹһܺȣݷ˸ۣ˭Ҫͬһյ
Ҷ˸ûȤֻڨڨر졣
ݿһۣȻڳ̵εףĳĺݣʵǲֵý˴Ժ֣ǻʲôν߳࣬īߺڣϣܰ仰
ҶлǨк޵ģԼҶֶţһˡֻǣ½ɻǺõģ˵δһӴһ˵˼ǣҶҷأ
ͷæظͣ˵ĶԣҶˡ
ӿɽҲҪһֱҵĻʡ˶ġ˵ҷһ壬ѵô˵һΣⱳ͵͵һС˷ųȥϹܣûеϵ
Ҷ벻ף㶵ʣʲôϵ
ݿɵͺЦ
һҲǱԼסˣû뵽ôţˣģ˭һٸԳţ
ƫһҪ׼ȻóԼϹеĽۣŻŵѰҽҩܵĥȺЦЩ
ܿ죬ݾ˿ɫȻûдţʶ˭֪СˣСҩ˰ҵģΪ˭ֱڶ塣
Ҷʱһͷ亹
һҩһأٲúùܹǣһر׼С˺ϻңȥĲɱˡ˵ӦӦùܣӦӦ÷
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׻˵һжҲǺ°СõԽԽ͸ǲĵ·ȥˣݺݴһǵѱٴη
Ҷ趼Ժˡ
ƽˣƽʱͦʵİ۸ʲôҲԼķԸѡ
ԣһǮͷһҪǲҡ
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Ȼ۵ĲǮʲôȻӦƽ˽°۵ǮһСˣܲԴɣ
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ԶǣнǣڲԼıһҶ˴裬һҪѵҪַȥ
ˡ֣ЦеͷˣҾͱ㣻ҪˣӦܷҲԹȻܷǾŬԼҪ¡ʵ׺ܼ򵥵ģԲԣ
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ⳡѵᵽݲϲԼۺ»£ǰߣȻ϶
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ϴԶ׼ĹУҶǸԵģһȣҪʼβ͡
ط壬Ȼƿ۽ǺͿȣίͰ͵㿴ֺˡ
ݿһֻۣϥǶǺģ΢һףû˵һˣʲôأ񲻶ģһӣֻҪϥûã͵øҹˡ
Ҷ򴽣ǸȻʵʵعţֻһ˰ôܣټһµģ
һ죬ҶС˶̶ͬȵܵ˳ͷֳͷϵĴݲУ˽Ǯϵش
¹ҪʵжʵҲұκ飬޲Ÿƨȸһ¡
˼գ͵Ҷʮһݵӡ
Ѿˣ֮ǰİ˻ǺϥǣϾһֻ޴й
ε԰ָŸɫҰнĻ̳̾ƣôõһ԰ӣ̸ʲôˡ
ѿڶү
ƽĴ飬Χûŷ񾭣үӿڳ
Ҷһ̾ļ䡣
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ҶбۿΪҲ룿ﻹҵļңһ̵ӣܷҳȥ
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⻰ҶʮĶ̧ȾͱźԺˡ
꣬ɳжȵ뷨˵ͷɢɢҲã㼸ʱţʱǧҪˣȻһġУĹ֮ĵطȥҪǱҲһ
Ҷؿڱ֤ģֻڽߣȥһ䣬ʲô顣
ݺЦʣ㶼湻Ǯˣ
ǸöҲǸҪǰҶ˹ܼҵʱҶ費ڽϿʲôֻˣӲ˻ؼȡ
ֶҶ˸û
ʱͬգҶδػǷ
һҶڨЦһֲǮ
аɣȥɡסһʱ֮һҪڼ￴㣬ȻҼȻлȥ֣ûҲȥĵطֻһŮӣһС˭ĵ꣬ȻҶš
Ůӡ
˵һŮӡ
ҶƤĺȣһµʶ
ΪƤǽȲںԼܻóȥһ򵱹أĪƣҶ̾磬ʰ·硣
ǩ
лҪ˵
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
СС 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


64 
ǳˣҶտţвɵظпǧ
Ϸǳ֣ߺڶԶԶأ΢һζ
ǰⶫʹҶ裬һ˲䣬Ȼô£ôĺš
ڣüĿչĶҪʱԣֱ޲ܸ߸һ
ƽ״æүǱ̯ģгԵҲģȥƣ
Ҷְ˰ĺɰʮأӦ㹻ˣһ֣ߡ
ŷô˽֣ҿһһˡ
һ·ߣһ·˺ֱܶСԣ˺üСͣһҾ¥ǰ
Ҷ迴¥Ĵţ̾ûˣȻ
⳯ƣүһ¥ûкܶλҪȥ̻ڼһء
ҶüʱѾˣ
ƽ𣺡컹أ뻹һʱ
Ҷ򿪺ɰ˿ʣ¾࣬һصģ̧ͷͦصߣȥҵƲˡ
˶ӣһ¥ɫˣΪûҪƣҲҽгĹ㣬һҲǺܹ
ҶԵ㣬ûЩС˹Ϸˡ
˳Ա㣬ŵصҡ
ڵڷǰǰѾں˷ˣҶһžЦˣӴ㻹ûأ
ŤͷȥҶһȦ˶һˡ
洺磬ҶЦϾɵĻͻȻƵģݹ
ô˵ѾԹˣʡ
Ҷһߵͷһһӣ𵶵ʼϲؽ֣ҳ˶ӣ֣ըСɡȥ¥һӵϯ棬ԵñġԣõңѾˡ
û˵Լ˼СΪݻġ
ûŵоζЦЦӣʣûȥ̣
Ҷ迨ˣ̫ģﻹǵʲộڿѵ㲻޶ʱôʵˣ»ٳžȥ̡
ǺǡһЦר÷
Ҷһ߿ԣһѰ˼Ҫ˵ЩŮҲͦģǱںլײܳš
ԼڼҴôЩ죬ƵÿҪëˣԼɸжҪǳŮˣɾˡ
ôһ룬־ǲԼţҲпԭġΪģįԲôϣԼڼ
극ЪЪȥϴ裬ʰԺһҶ軹ûߡ
ﱾʹһֿ쵽ıԵˡ
˳һˣøԼʲôҲָ֮Ķ´еأãֻԼԺãרܵǰ԰ڡ
ʵڿɺޡ
ݵ㲻ȥǰˣɡ
Ҷһ֪Ϊͬ󴲣ЪڰϣҪιһϵˡ
ôõӣΪʲôأýԲؽ룬ⶼ
ݵɫС
ҶԽæȥǰϴٽ
϶Ҳͷȥˡ
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ֻԼүҧǧٿ׵ӣȴ֪ⶼݹģҶû˵žܵάԼء
Ҷܶ𣬶Ĩ㣬Ҫ۶ȥˡ
Ĩҩ࣬Ҷרõᱡ͸˿¶ҴΪסӵĳ졪촩ĺʵҳϣȻϳۣŸоȫˡ
µ죬ʹ̫ɽҲж죬ʮȣ鷿ݵ·Ҷ߳һ
ҩƺˮڻˣճһ˸оܼˡ
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ݻû˯ױ̨ǰĨ֬Ҷһʹһζ
ӣϸţȻڱǰȷ磬ؿǰɢζˣóŪʲôˣ
ŨŨҩζζһͣٲȻһߵը|
Ҳ֪ζ̫ˣҩôѵָ񻨶һ㣿
½治ɫ˵ûʲôһСС׼ѡ
ݺɵؿŲҪԴһءǾôŹֲġ
æѾͷˮϴ裬Ҷı˲ˣϴ裬ǰͿ
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Ҳϴ˻ûϴ⣬ϴһٱ飬ҲϴһΡ
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ݴӲòȡˣԺѾͷദú졣ҶͲͬˣÿĴһۣҪļһӡ
Ҷ޷ҲҷƮǲҿ
үɡ·
Ҷľһȥˣԡϵװȫϴˣֻʣ»ϡ
ݱ飬ϻһ˿˿΢ζһѣ̫鷳Ǿͽȴȫ򿪣ͨ͸
ɿҶ裬һóټҹȣ´ϾˮƵģˮͣ
ѵɣӾҧˣѣȵҪ
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˴ҹòԺ˯ˣ˯ﶼڴء
˯Ŵϯÿ˯ǰѾͷǾͻôʪӰϯӲһ飬ȥ켫ˡ
˯ڽӺûһëǮĹϵ˯ͰϷȥҶγĶԱȡ
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ݵͷЬӴʣʲôˣ
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˯ŵǰҹ˼ˣ㱻˳
ȻŮ˶Сۣ̫ǳˡ
һ˼˵С㿴ϣԲýҶѹԼ֮ǰ᲻ãװģҽƽͽ㡣»ʲôҪģֱӸ˵ҳȥ򡣡


65 
ҶֻǰЬӣûְЬԣݶһٶֻʮ֡
ݶؿۣһԣҶݴЬӦҪϴˣǾ˵Լȥ鷿ϴ衣
лĺһҩҶͿҩűӵЧ
ںǳȱҲʲô⣬ù緹ٲҲ٣ûʲôҪ
Ҷļֿ۵Ĵһȣֽݣֺã˵СôõӶһˡ
ݽӹ˿ϻһ佫̵һߣʹģ˭ҪȺÿֺء
ҶЦ´ЩŮõĶϲ
ӴԺҶѧˣܳŷŷӣ߰ĵطȥ˵ûлǨ½ɣƺһЩȤҲ˼徲ƽ˵Ҳơ
ÿγţض׼ʱؼңҲҿ֣֬ǵģҪݴһ㡣
˵లȹһƽӡ
£ׯˣҶµףҶߥݻҿ
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̷ԸСңʰЩƲˣװ¡
ũæ࣬貹Ӫһ޷ӣøȢϱûǮ⡣
᲻ãȴãϾ׵Т˳Ӧõġ
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ֻҪҶɻ黹Ǻõģͷһˣ͹˷羰ؼЪЪţȴϷߡ
Դ˵أ־ͿʼĽ˭
˵Լܰչܼ꣬Ůǰͷһ죬ն׸磬նףԼСң֮ǣ̫ҪǲƽϲҲͰˣһиʲôöַġ
ȷ˵ԼĴ磬ûǰöԷԼ׵ˡȸԳ׺ͱòһˡ
ԼȻǶŮմǰġ
ԣõİ취ǣѵЩ֪ʶ̻Ů
һûŮչЩأǾҪ軧ǣŮóģÿŮȶֲˣѱЩĴĵ軧ƭ
ֲҶжôͨũҪϵóʲôׯڣ֪ʲôʱʲôٸı仯ܹճж١
ֺؽ̣Ҷûһ£ڣţ·ֻɽˮġ
ⲻ̬Ȱ˸޲ͷøȻһԶԼЩȥ


66 
Ӻ綼ֲҶ裬ץŸ첲ӲǶ»ͷվͷֳũҵ֪ʶ
оԼҪɹһƤ
òףַؼҺˮҶһݾͬƵģݣѾҴˣǻȥɣȥҵСҪˡ
¶֣Լ󲱾ɹͨ죬·һҪƤƵģʵЩЦ
̿һЦһôñ
ôûҶţñ̫խ͵סֻվһվˮһɹɵҵͷʪˣñӸܡ
ѧˣҲԼɻģǴģСҶ̶үȡ
Ҷ豾ΪԼҲǺˮĴû뵽һ̶ʱܳ
ȣżվſ̶һҡȸԼȷ磬밡Щ˵дҵ֣ʲôϵǷްҳ˵ҵҲģ⻰ٵģҵЩزҲôӦѧý˸Ūˣ˵ǲ
Ҷһ˰룬Ƚ˿ֿʼ̰ͼˬƫƫݵֻ϶ԼҶһ˿綼ܲ
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ϧֻһŮӣܳţȻҾԼȥѧˡݸп꣬ͷһƣһﶼ쿿Լˡ
һѽƿһ󺹣ģʲôӴ£ϽȥҵúѧҲģ͵Űɡ
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еĶ̹ǮɢҶ˱ɹȣǵ㶫Ҳѧ˸߰˰ˣٲǸϹˣȲֵñӸժˡ
ʣݽй˵⼸ǧʳģô죿˻ȴţ
˵һׯھҪ޷ӣ
šֵͷҶƻˣɷӲƵȻҺûطסԱǿ԰Ӳػ·ӽˣٰѾɷƵƽһƽأϲˡ
ǰѷӺͲ˵صһ£ݲЩֻȻ˵ãǾʹˣҪӣ
ҵЩӣδءשסһҲˣӰ˼ʮ͹ˡ㲻ҪӣУҲϹһЩ˹Ǯģ˰æһ;ˡ
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ЦЦ˶ʮЩӻȢףƸ񣬰ϯҪǮ
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ݰƱӲźܴ󷽣ÿжʮ㻨ǮҲһҪ˭ҳһѴźҸҳ
ûԵ޹ʵĺޣҲûԵ޹ʵİ֮ദǻﻥģá
һһ˿ѪԵĸֻһζȡô綼Ҫͬİ·
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ն֤һõӣװɴҾҲҪ룬ٴһŴ󴲣̸Ǳ춼õӣ֤ȳӲ
Ǻǣҿɾ͵ˡ
·ӵĻ룬˶˷ܣ⸸ֱҪһƵġ
ݲòǣȷһ޺ã׵˾Ͷˣʱ͸粻Ҫý˵һ֮ʣȢҪľ飬ҪȢһǿɾͻˡ
Ҷ豾ݵϢģȲ˻дɲס͹ǡ
ߵ⣬ǡ˵Ųһ٣Ǿ仰ĬĬ顣
飬
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Ҷ˵һԼܳȥƵˣͬƵġ
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ԼѾʹݸ˶ӣ˭Ƿ뾫̵أԣûһҲˡ
Ҷͥ⡢ҶԼûĶӣһ׵
Ҷųһ亹彻ӣǰ󷢺ڣصڵϡ
С˵ܳԷˣŷүſڣʧүүôˣѰ
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նȥˣܿˣݸҪܳȥŪϽסˣСѾȥˡ
նصǰæҶſɺãȻƿ½󣬰¶
ҶӣռҸҲûҪرܡ
ҶƨģǧռҰڴϱײأԲԼҳ¡
ȻžҪҴ˾ˣʱǳţƤˡ
𣿡ЩʱҽƲϣܶСһСľͻû
նһ߰Ҷ裬ֹͻȻһ߻ͷοܾŵãҪ£պܺõģ˲֪ˣġ
µٽʵҲʱЩˣǹؽڴֺ򣬿һֹܶʱԼͰԼκˡ
ָͭǮԵ̶ȣɱǰҪɱƵġ
ݱŪøĻţʣҪ𣿡
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Ȼﺦ£ȴشˮɡ
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67 
ϷһҶȹĲ裬滹ʣһĲˮæݹȥͭǮպպˮȻ׼ҶıӲӺ濪ʼŰ׾һ·
ݵɴ۾ţû뵽ͭǮܹȺڵǻǲС
ʱСС보õʳ͹ˣˣˡ
ݺ󣬿үѾʼˣõһˮЩ̣Լҹү۵ûš
ˮȣȻûôʹ
үͻҪ𣿡Сʡ
ָչһҪұջشˣˣʲôˮЧͺöˣȥȥڵʪȶ
Сֻˡ
ֹҪȻȥμͷ࣬ʹȻӱҶһת
նֻǯƵģ˫֣Цˣιȥˣڸ𡣡
Ҷ軹ûӦɵ㶵ʣ𣿡
Ȼ֪ʲô˼ֻСûιԲһʱסˡ
ǰﺬЦɺãҶܿ͹ˡ˵꣬һıֻιĵطȫϺϺġ
ּŮ͵㿴ɫʾڳˣ˵ʪءҪ˵ͰһˡӰЩҪмĹͷˡ
䣬ͭǮͶ׼Ҷļ϶£һιεβ
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Ҷһſھ˵ͻȻˣղιȥɰŻˣҲ̫ԵʣȻҪҲп˶߶߶ұ㶼ƮƮģԵ㷹೤⣬ˡ
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˲ҪСҶһڵĽˣˣүȺȡ
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ЦŽӻש󰡣ҲŪúƽ
ݣϢһ죬ǻȥ
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ΪˣÿΪԼȥռҶһʧʱжҪηˡ
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68 
ת۵ڣҶͥҶ˲ܻ±Ѿͷ˼˫Ь࣬ĸΪ
ȻҲٲҵһݶ
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ģÿҲῴϼҳ飬ִÿֻдƪƪ
Լдúܶ࣬ƽһһţŵȽүؼˣү
ֻҪҶ費ݾͲӣҲʾ⣬žһӹײźء
էʱֺնæﲥ˵׵ý˿Ҫ̤Լҵż
ռ޵ӣʮ˴嶼һģһ޽Ҷ̵ãնͳͷȵŮѡ
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69 
նɽϼ˺ܶҰרģѡһ𣬶˵ⶫûǮ򣬲ȥԴóףǻûȥҶҲ֪׹úòá
ֻǵ׼ҹŮԼʱǸ߸Ʋ˵̬Щˣ˲Ҷĸš
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Ц㿴ˣҺǣɽժһЩҰøûǮȥ򡣡
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ݼЦùֵֹģ׵ҲʲôֻӦ֣һأ
ֺһڲ裬һǼĸŮСǸǶӣŵڶý˵ܸɣʵڿ졣
üĸ׷һӣڴʵ£СһǴСܾ谮Ȼ󳤴ҲûʲôϢ¶ĸǡ
˷ħĴ֣ټǹŵڶûСĵܵܣϲµģҲǼܳġ
룬ǾԼ˵ڿǸŵ㣬ʵ͵ÿҪҲͰˣһֲģ̫ʵ˾ͲԼСı㣬ֻɵһĲҡ
Т˳ĸȻӦõģֻǷҲиȣӲѵŮˣ޲ܰѷҵÿһשңûĸԼӡ
ˣ˭˭ʹࡣ
Ҷ迴ݣ΢΢üҡ
⿴ˣ޲š
һӣÿζǶʮǴ˽ġ
һεĶʮǰռ͵ѹӻȥˡڶΣǴġ
ÿ¶쵽ʮ㻨ǮټϻгʱĺһﲹңҲûøﲻöӡ
ʲôСͺ˵ľԼƵģҪҪ̴Ҷˡ
ֲ֪ŮŮ۽ǹ˾˵ͷ˵ǡǸǼҿӵʱҪڳ·˵װ˷ˡ
Ҷ赹һܴӦӲݵģҲȥϪĸ
ЦڳҲʹõģһ굽ͷܻס죿װ׷ȷʵ˷ѣͽиȥҺҲһģﶼӣסһ䶼һġ
вУ˵ģⱲӾͶġֵԭȾͿңǰһ벻ɻȢؼҾ͵ùţû뵽ôһͲͷˣ˵˵
ֳ̾ϲݣʮˣŮҪءǲȴ˯ž
ݸϽȰ˵ֲˣô˵¡˼࿴ҪѡһĲźáȻǿȢһʱͷŻ˲÷
ô˵ȴ̲סҪһ첻ףҵûɣȥ¼
ݵˣ⻰ЩأҶҲüۣĬĬš
ŮŮ˵ŷӦæЦҲϹģƽʱƲģʵء֮ǰøҳףȻöˣ绹Ǹʲô
ʮкӣҪִأʱһȻǵҪҲһ
ֻܾȰŮжŮԵݵˣ㲻Ҫϱء
ҪͺˣѽܴϵһѡЦ


70 
С, һֻĸ, һֻ±Ѽ, һ廨С
ֺնˣСֳţŹǣգһֻѼ, С˲ϸ˵
ŰͷˣСһͷϾͼ˺, ȰѲ͵ȥ, һˮ, Ӳ˲½, ȻСԺߡ
սԺ, Ϳնվ, æЦŴкүôȥţ
ôˣСҳƺֺնǡүү, ܲϰߣ˵˺ܶĵƫƫСҾǸĲ, һгˡ
նЦ, Լһ, õźʲôүÿһضҪһؼƤ
Ķȥˣնʡ
СЦŻأȥ˽ϣӼˡ
ֻˣʲôͳʲôαôƷѡ
һֱأܲúдĸ㣬СѹսһЩÿ¶аʮļã̺үͻ꣬ûӡ
ն̲סզࡣ
ʮⱲӶûôһǮŶԼҲû⣬ֻ˼һµļöѡ
նһֱǸ߼ˣ˵޵úãһֱ̣۸ǿңȻ޵úã
նп̧꣬ۿյǰСҡ
̼ǵСҸԼʱݳһѹͷȫѾˡûǰСһֱڼסţ棬жôÿҪڸǰԱšϸһҶ⼸£ԽԽÿСҲɴˡ
ȿģСҲֲݣպС
飬ʵڿ죬Ѽʰþ
ңСûˣһˡ
òֻҪŮѿ̥ǣնǸ⡣
ôһСҾһܺõϱѡΪʲôǰûأ
նؿСҾú֣ΪԼղϴûϴɾֻûãæ¼Լ
ȡնջߣȥæɡȻ߻
ȸ׺һ£Ƕ˵ãǾȥС˵ǾòãǾͰˡ
նȵҶȥˣֻʣ¸׺õʱ򣬲ԴһЩɬذԼղŵ뷨˵
ֱסˡ
عһ룬СҼԼģƷȻ˵ڿͻݵġ
û£һ𣬾;СĶĶãΨһ㲻ãǾǡ
źѾͷȢϱ㲻±ЦôһΪѵʡ
е㽲˼Ҷ£ϾŮҶ̣ȴҪȢˣôһ϶û⡣
ˣնǺһЦСûǩϸˣĻ񶼻ûأ
żһ¶ͷЦüˣ¸ˡ
ָհСҾȻؼңŵˣҪϼѰ˵ġС˺ˣ˵Լ޹ʣԸռҰæ֮
ûҪʲôŮ鵹ǺܺõģҲȱһڳԵġ
Сռס꣬żȻ𻧽£Ϊе鷳˰æŷСҼҲûˣɴ˵ףһٰĻ䵽ȥŵˡ
ֿŮݣ¡
ն룬ҪǸСҶûȻҲûġ
СҶռҷǳģйУ൱ڿ죬˵ԷΪ˼ݲܹͬò˵˳ԼɩӣնҸˣ
ڣֻСұ˵˼ˡ
ֺնҪԺһ䣬˳ȥݰСҽнֻ
Ҳӣֱ˵ʣѾʮˣҪ޸ʲô𣿡
С㶣ɵЦû
ھͿһˡ˵Ҹ翴ˣȢϱԸԸ⣿
СһʱûӦȫţգգۣʣкܶŸү˵𣿡
ռңǶ˼ˣ޽Ĺﲻ֪أ뵽ˣ
Ƕʡ̾ǳúõģȴܸɵأһ鷳¡ȥ;ܺá
СҴʱһ˿ʵУѹүղҪԼء
նòŨüۣǸ׼ºӣӸߴֽʵСֵиġ
ţͺһ̧ͷֻݻĻشСߵͨ죬ߴˡȻҴˡ
㵽Ը⻹ǲԸⰡݳ⺰
Ͼǻ£ƾأ˵УŮ¼޴ɡϧԼûˣҪʱĻԻƴҶµġ
ɵôһõĻᣬȻװ˷ˡ
⻹ףҶҡӴͷ߽Ը⣬ϲ˼˵
û뵽뿪ôһССѾͷҪˣǼ޸նҪСһɩӣ
ҪĴҲһһĸϽ޳ȥǿʵ̫ˡ
ιݵצô磡
ʱҲתεЦʲô˼ģ֮ǰ˵ȼ޹ȥˣٺڿɾͳˡ
Ҷ´ݣƺͺܺڣ
ô˵ˣ
˵أûذһۣȻͲˣԳȥҸ׺ʹ˵
Ȼ˫򣬳ˬӦøϽˣȻԽԽ䣬¾͵Ƴٵȥˡ
ֺն˶緹Ҫؼȥæ׵Щ顣
СҲ˼ˣһֱ߸׺ʹ磬Сң򣬻Լ
ղֽҶĻ˷¸ʮǸӣ˼Ȣһ㣬нһµʱ䡣
С룬ͷ̫ˣ㣬һЩӣԼ
ҲУ㡣һҽƹԼѡӣĸѡĸǧԼ·Ҫæǰæ
ҶԼвׯƹĺܿˣСҲѡģֻеȵεģǿӲһƥϸ£Сźˡ
˵Ҷ˵ҺͱĸȣƽʱֻҪźһҶСź򡪡ֲǸ鷳ˣԼ˳鶼Լˣ˵֮ģҲǺܿеġ
˵Сҵϲ£ҲæʰߣδڣСҵĶͶ׼ȫˡ
ݸ׼һΣжʮѹǮʮǵһء
רȥҶ裺СҴҴˣϾǵɩˣ˼һʾûУ


71 
һ, Ǯһ״, Ը, õİ취Ķɾ
Ҷ֮ǰΪ˺ţȥлͣһʱͷȣҪðΣƫƫûԾͱݴһ, 㻨Ǯۡ
ÿʮ㻨Ǯ۵ʮ, һֱҪ۵, ˲ᡣ
ֻʣʮ, ҶȻڡÿ³ɢΣ³С, ȥ¥һӵϯ档
ôˬ, ݾͲˬˡ
ƾʲôܳ, ԼֻںԺƾʲôܳԳԾ¥ԼԵԶǳķˣ
òСҼˣȻҪúѹҶһ
Ѿ, Ҷûصӣû㹻Ķ֮ǰҪ
Ҵ, С, Ҳýһɩ, ׼ôʾ
Ҷһ㲻һԼʮô͵Ҳ͵ģαطֵôһأ
ǰǴǮģԴӵߺֵԽᵽǮҪԡ
ʹÿسŶỨǮҲмƻģôԤȴһ㡣ĿǰΪֹҲͿʮ˽Ǯ
ݵնļֱȻңҶŵԼĺɰ
ҪǮûУҪһ
ݼʶȤһĵϣŭʵʲôҵģ˾˵⡣Ҿ֪㿴ҼңôҲһүȴôøϽǮأ˰ͭǳ˴
ûпҡҶæ硣
û뷨ˣǰйҲֻǰѡ뷨͸ıˡ
ҸףΪʲôһëΣ
ãáҶ費òãʹٳʮӣ˰ɣ
ݳںԺû¸ɣͶҶȥˡҶÿγŻݶҪеС˽нʵʮϸ
ԣҶϴжǮݲҲܲ³š
ݺܲ⣬бۿһŮӣ˶ʮ˼ô٣
˲Ů˴󷽣Щ˵ȥοҶҪӵˣҧҧǾͳʮƽ
ţֻʣʮˡ
һЦ˵Ů˵죬һģһʲôʵģܳԽҡɣʮˡ
ҶĶˣҧгݵ㲻Ҫ̫ôˡ
ԣʱһ
ôߣ
Ҷõźǲȡô
ݶʱֱ׳תҪȥϴ°ŵҶϽסֺãʮʮǧ
ҶĵɺӣòײŴôһǮֱݸˡ
Ʋˡ
Сҿݵݹʮգ̫ˣ̣ջȥ
أݾˡЦŰɣҺү⡣
ִȥϲƶأ˵á
ƾ˺üΣ̬ʮּСֻˡȵ׵ҹ͵һʱͰǮն
Сڳǰ챻ͻشϪģ˰ϲһգݺҶһҺϲơ
ռ˶ܸˣΨմЩˡ
ԹܵܣղͬˣãնʲôϱȢαطǵýСң
մҪԼҵֶŮ˵նأû뵽⸸ֻǽһˣȻϢذ¸ˣɰմˡ
ʱԼԹ֣մͷҲűԹְʵǶִ̫ˣС޸ĸֵܽã൱һ¶һʲô£նһˡǰЩ죬Ҳæһûü˵һֶŮãֶ࡭
˺ܶˣմ״ʵ׽˼ңϪĴȫˣҶҲԺնкˡ
ȻܶкŮͣǡӹ˵̫࣬Щˡ
ݸϽҸףǡ˴ĸĻ
ֲȥȺܣҪôʲôƿ߽ȥӲˣȥٽһ㣿
˵꣬ץմĸ첲ߣЦҴ綼ˣ˵Щʲô˼
Ҳǣⶼڰϲˣɶأ
׿˼Եܵ˵ȥкˣ˰æȥӡ
ֵسϯɢȥմԻҪæ
˵ʳθںãܲסΨһĶӳףǮ㣬ϯúܷʢÿһ̲˵ķð⡣
󣬻ʣºܶˡ
ռҾôˣÿ˳˸ҲԲ꣬ݿһʣʣˣմ˵ĸһЩؼȥ
Ҫǲͼմԣټٵƴһ£ˣԼԣҲŲ
ֲͷһʶλĸ˽⣬ҲЦĸǧҺүҪȥˣֳԲʣˣҵʹɩóԵʱȥ
ҲǣǽˣܳʣأմŶһˣЦҾͶ˻ȥˣһ͹
ĸߣ¶࣬ҾͲˡ費żʲôʱ򻹶ʹõġ
ȼѾͷڳæʰо֣ҶڴϢѾơ
Ϊ÷Ƶȷ棬ȵͷεġ̫ˣͺˣͻطϢȥˡ
ţҶڿˣҪ裬ûֻԼϵ赹ˣŽ˿ʡ
Ӵȥǡöնӣգ͸һƬůĹâ
ڡڶ
ҶͻȻ־ÿڸһ˿˵˷ܣһ˿˿ߣֹ֮˰¶ǡ
ݸźֺѾһҶ裬һݾͿ͹裬ʱ˵˵ⶼˣ㻹̰һҪֶۣˡ
Ҷ²˼ؿһۣڨڨʣôģѾͷأ
Ƕæأô౭ҪʰҪȻŲָ
ҶѾȲźȣȹˣûҲһ룿
ֵؿһۣ˭ôûɫʱȥ
û˵꣬ݾͷӦˣԽҶԽ|ְ࣬һѾסĶ䣬ݺš˼Ȧ
Щ뷨ҿ죬͵Űɡݶݺݵ
໡ҶҽУݾˣɿ֣ίͰ͵˵ǺȾƺȵ죬ôƵס
Ѿ͹ȥ˯ٶ˵һ֣վԺȥҹ
ҶоԼĶӦñˣǵܵ˼ܵӰ٣ͷѾƲֵȥ˯ˡ
ڶ죬ݿնСҡ
СϺӣնˬճʮȫƵġ
ʱҶļҰݰ賤
Լÿ࣬һףȲϴأ


72 
СҼԺ, ֻʣ̶ĺͶĸѾͷ, ŲĻ, ֱӽʵ֣ϮСҵ磬ؽ־˷ѡ
Ҷ豻ݵһٴ򣬳ǰԣֻڼʵʵشš
, ֲŽӦ꣬ô˵Լ, ֻҪ, ء
˶, ۿһ¾ҪˣѾͷÿһ, һ, Ƿ, ʲôʱ
ǸϱᣬֻŹȥˡ
С, ƽʱܹűջлɲ, ִ, ݼҪ߶ġ
˵Բ, һ˼Űأ˶ʶôдˣ˼룬Żһá
ҶҲ顣
ûкͶӷֿôãòУԵúòãúòã˯úòá
һţͺҶүү·æý˲ܶߣؼʰ׼ϱż޽ﶮЩ
Ҷͥһ·æ֣;ô̶ˡ
˵⹫ĻûϢͨˡ٣ܼܲȥ
ʨӴſڣһҧǧܱסλãԱһξ꣬δ׬ǧء
Ҷ˵ĻֱҳǮϻӣȥʮ꣬ҲͿ½һ֮һôԼܳԿ
ҶҲ֪үĿദǮϻӣȰҿҪȻپͱˣҲˣֿ¿๦򣬽ָɡӴˣŽ߶ıһ˾ȴɵƧأ
˵ĶԣáҶͥҧҧֻҲ٣ܸ
˵ġҶЦϾҪӵˣû
Ҷͥ᲻ۣû˹ۣ˭㣿ߣҲԼţԵúûƵġ
ôһ˵ҲñǸ⡣
öæŶûпգͽӵĽ˵ѧֻţڹٳϾ˵ɫСɻûġ
ҶͥҵԼĶλҲЦȻȥ˵ߵ飬һͷб仯أһ˵
Ҷ֮ǰ¶׵ְѾͷүʹֻʣµһѾͷΦӣҶͥ˼ۣһ·ͷ˻ȥ
ҲûǰдŻվſڣпţŷһ漴ү̣˻ˣ
ҶǰԺ鷿øһƽˣôأ
⼱Ҵҵܽү˻ˣ˻ˣ
ҶϽĶȥҶ˵һۣЩ˳

Ӱ
ĸر˱Ҷĸ첲ߣֺõʣôͻȻˣҲ͸ţҺȥͷ㡣һ·˰ɣ
ԱȣҶ֪ãʱϵıȫ¶
ҶҲ벻겻ӾȻ˶ˣùˣЦúοࡣЩ㣬šˣأ
ʱյϢһȹһ룬ô죿
һǷԼŰͶµӹٲҪ¼ˡ
ҲҪԪǰ󣬾͵ŹΣʱһ¡
ݸϹʱҶѾԺֺĸϽˮźϴݾһԵ˵ӡ
ϴҶײ裬ΪάԼڳǰТ˳裬òǰ˲裬һյҶˣſһҶ裬׻һյ
ҶͦñֱЦЦسݵĶޱȵ⡣
ҲæˡҶкЦҲڵЩӣô
ҶһţҪ˵ǰͷشһжãүҲûķѧҵտء
ڿԼҶϽˡ
ӴͺˡȻȳɼҺҵ⻰еġҶЦǰҪǿͷſ϶飬ںˣһԹȻϽˡ
˵꣬Ҷ˿ӣϻ㸸׼дֿ֣䣬߶ʮأ˵Ǽҵ鹾Ҫ֧ˡ
Ҷȫ֪֧ҪŬֻҪ˿ͺܸˣͷһȻģȻǰӣ
Ҷ˺ǺЦ
үͲˣٶҶһӰ˵ӿ¿๦飬Ͼǹʱſġ
ʲôʱˣҶ˲ĳЦ
ˣֻԿ˿ס˿ڣתͷռôˡ
ݴһжãϸ¸ոճס
ŶҶ˲ʣôдŸңʧˣʧˣ׼ҿ϶Թǲġ
Цҵ֪Ϲ·æԲŲҸߵġϻأҺүҲֻ뼸ռ٣ȥҴңٴġ
ⲻһҶЦŰڰ֣˵ˣܸõġһҾ׼һݺ񣬺͹ȥ˵ʧˣүһҪ
Ҷ費̫ţΪ̫ˣһ·ء
ϲѽǣӶش׼ҵĺ£ǾͲ˫񡣡Ҷ˵꣬û˭ˣȢ˭ҵģ
ݻûüشҶ͹Ц˵²£Ҳʶġ
Ҷ˸Ͻ˼ʶЩС㣬һȦûʲôͷ
͵ҴȢĲǱˣߵСҡȻҴҴģСҴûǩˣҽ㡣ҵɩӣ͸ˡ
Ҷ˶СӡģЦʣҼǵԭΪǼźģôûǩ
ݾͰСҺԼҵĹϵһ飬Ҷ˱ߵͷҳ˵׼ҵƷŵùˣҪȻүûˡǼƣСһڿɲͱôӺ˳ϱҲһԵݡ
ҶŷģƽʱϲƱĹ£οǷߵģǵп˺ܾá
أԵ춨ģҲ㲻ģǿݸ͵ζؿҶһۡ
Ҷյ۷磬Ѱ˼⻰صӦǡģҲ㲻ʾԼⱲӾֻˣȰԼ㡣
״ģһʱԥ¸˲ɣԼֶٴ
ҶЪϢصֽǰ׼Ҷһȥ¸ȥ
ҲŻҿŸջƲڼңֻܰˡ


73 
꺮ů, վ, Ҷ˵Ӧö˰ɣһ·Ͽ϶ûԺ, 뷹ʱ磬ҽôһ档
ϱ˹ԼҶ˸˼ˣˣɰСҲųһ㡣
ԼǲԵ, ֲѯʵҶ衣
Ҷ֧, õ˵˵, æͷҲҪһ롣
ݸ, ȥˡ
Ҷһߣ̻˸, Ҷ, Ц , ˣǲǾͲùܼˣ
ֻҪֹܼң㻨ǮͲ, ʱʲôʲôֻ˻ؼ֪ͨһôð
ҶεЦ, ֱһûüϸ, ݹܼҹܵôû
Ҷ, һ״ģǾ仰ĶҲ㲻еβ
˵ȷݻ᲻ڼҶҴԸðա˰ҪƽػţһҪʱʱСģ
Ķ֪зԣ´ҶϢ˸״˼ںŪ
Ҷ˾֪ԼĶӺүһլЩ飬ɵʧЦƽ޹ʵģô˭ܼңҪʲôˣ
ٺ١ҶƤЦ߸ճ飬̫ˡ
ҶЩȣ£˵һˡ
ҶƲƲ죺ôڼ㻹²
Ҷ˳Ĭˡ
ݼʵ̫Բˡռûˣ֪Ҫأ
Ҷ룬ǰܹ˰˰һ٣һ٣Ǽǵء
Ҷһίûˣûˡȫݸûˣ
ҶֻԼһˣ̾үдЩƭ㡣үܲ˳Ҫڼˡ
ҶͥⲻЩ˵Ҷ˿Ҷһ²Ĳģ˼ɣִţ˰ż£ڽˡ
Ҷû
ҶﲻܣʮƱȥʡĵطʡЩүҲס
ҶһƱʲôնûˣͽӹϲ̵˵ȳȥˣó磬һ˾еõȡ
Ѻɰߡ
ˣȥأ컹øء˵ŻĹҶԶˡ
ɰÿֻ⻹ĸСɵĺ֥ԲŶ̵߹ûҶ裬Ҷˣˣүأ
ҶǰЦѽųȥʲô飬Щٻصˣһ԰ɡ
ҡҡͷһ
ĵģȻòŲˣҲû£վҶߣʱ׼źԼš
Ҷȷʵˣһһڳ顣
ҶǸƤӣһβ;ҪˣŶк˵ܾܣ֪ء
Ҷ˳ųţͻȻǺǱԲǺˣ˼Ͻǰıֵ˲
Ҷ˺òײŰճںڵǿԲȥò˳壬ˡ
Щ˼ЦԵüЩ㿴Цˡ˵ţͷ¿ӣٶ
ЦЦҪٳģ
ˡҶ˰ڰ֣һҲ緹ˡ
Ҷ˻˸Ȳ裬ָѷȥʱһϻӽˡ
ֽӹװӵ档
ݴϻӣݵҶǰｻүӣүƽʱæù飬Щ˲һ㶼ҿŴģĩٸĿ˱ˣ׬ҲҷڼŪˣԾʹǮׯƾƱҲ
ҶЩȣû뵽ϱôͰЩøˡ
Ҳݵ⣬ϸ˵ͷúܺáӼȻүܻܣֻҪ˳˳ģ׬Ӿͺá
ȡһ˱ЦеǼģĿˣҾ͸ýˣǵҲһ
ҶҪǵʱͳŵ˵Żͻһȥ
Լ˵ĻȻϣܲԶŵ˰ɣ
ңȥҲֻ΢һ㣬ԸŶԼʲô⡣
˵ͷûеصϸʱͻ֣ᷢʱٽ;ˡ
ĸѾͷǲ˵ġ
ҶϾȸβŴЦǸʵ۵ĺӡȻϸõĸ֧
˺һӣҶ˲òϣϱܼƺܵûã˻Ƕֶǻȥһ롣
Ҷ˱ԼҲһڼּҵˣôһԱţԭЩ£Щɺ
Ҷ˰ϻʵ˵ܵúܺãҪŹȥˣȴǰͱҷˡ
֪ԼʱʱҪġһģӾͻ١ʱͬգү궼ûˣﻹʡһʡһɡ
û뵽žȻѹܼҵȨջȥգգۣһ飺Űɣ
˵ҲܣͱˡңҲҪϵģһֱʲô˼Ҷס֣˺ӣҺүֻŪԵһŶˡ
仰һ˵꣬ҶȻʶһ˿˿Υ͡
ǰȥ˲֪ٸתҶģ̬ʣԼ·̬ȵȣƺЩδĹһ޶
ⲻ԰ϲ˵ġ
Ҷĵװ˼ʵ벻͸ֻܹΪԼϻ軨׼ˣǱϹˣôܻԼأ
ҶԳЦЦ˵ҪȥһɣϢһ¡֪;ǻ۵ģź£ȻϻӻصСԺ
ҶʮֵʱµġģڽϣоԼʮ㡣
ƽүȥһң
ƽҲ֪˻ˣ˸үˣŹ仹ѡطҪǻǰͼҲֻһȦ͵ʱؼҲС
Ҷ룬ȥ̣顣
˶ʮ³飬Ҷ߳ͻȻղųûݱҲ֪᲻
˵ʣµʮŲһתͽӡ
ѡεʱ򣬺һѡ
̫˵ģϣܾò֣䲻ҲԲԼݡôҶүŮΣҲǽӰɣ
ǣֱȽϹ
ѡȽȽȥʹѡһΣ˶ʮ˲䣬ֻʣˡ
ڣﻹڼʱõӣ˵Ҳš
ֻΣܰݸȥҪƢ


74 
Ž, ЦЦؿҶ衣
ϴα, Ҷһ, صЩСԼȫЩ˶һݵģһ־֮ģֵ˼Ǯ
ΣǼֵ, ǰ͵ЩȵȻǸ˵ģֻǡӣ
Ҷ豻Щܲס, , 
ʲôԽ, ѵǴλϵģ
ҪǷͣôҹΪҪҪ, , ǿɾ̫ˡ
֮λҲǲ, ֻҪԷۡϾݵġ氮ѽ氮ҪһЩġ
ҲҪ, ǧͺܺãʱشϪȥռԱ߲Զһ, , ӵ̡
Ҷ費֪ݵ˼ѾɢôԶ, ֻڻԼͱŮ˲岻æؽĶȥˣﲹһ㣬˱飬㣬Ρ
ֽͷһ壬ºĳ̾һۣƫǸûĺӡ
ѾŬعܽҶˣ뷽跨̫ǮͲܳȥѧƫƫһӸ
ǡ
޻˵
ҶѵÿԳѹı飬ü۵ʹʧյ鶯ãϸȥرϧ
ҶģؾˣеҪʲôϲ
ȥҪʮݣУУոùȥضɹһ
ôأ
ҶѳζǣĩֻͳԼʣµӣŵϣ˵ֻʣôһ㣬ȫ㣬ȥӳԡ
ݵؿһۣûп
Ҷܲ⸱ûɵģԸŹԼܺùͰ͵ġ
ȥˣԽԽܣ˳ǽ˳ȥȼʱݵתˣٽ
һߣ̰ϵӳ
СҲⰡοӿɱֵǮˡҪײҪûôɵء
ԼǮϻӣ׵յټϺҶŸİ˰Լ⼸Ҳһǧٶͷ
ôһǮҪȵضȹ»
ǮϻӣҪǸ۱ͺˣǮǮ޾һк壿
գҶ˸磬ȥҶڼæŰðݸԱѧϰ
ΪҶͥҪ˲ܻû뵽Ҷ˸յ죬ͺŸŻˡ
Ҷͥһ糾ͣ㲣жʮ䣬ǰƵġ
Ҷ˽үϽźϴ¡
үô磿Ѿˣ
ţҲż죬¶Ƴٵٰ
ҶͥˮԾ̾жʮءΪûͨϵЩ˾Ͳҷױûжٹ£ǸͳԾƣǲңҲȥǵƨɣˡ
˻δߣѾˣֻΪ˶֪Ҷةͷˡ
ҲáҶ˸æοҲûʲôҪȽú
һԼĶӣҶͥ˲˺ܶࡣ
ϴóոջؼҵҶ˵ϵˣϽݹʰ
Ҷͥ⿴ӣҵƵģָϾͶЦһžۣڡ
ݷ·֮ͥ⣬ﲻ̫ˣΪźȲ˵վ裬ŵģԷ͵վŲź
ص˸ճ׵ʱ򣬵Źŵ棬ҪТ˳ϱףడ
ùҶͥȲŶȥǰԺ˵Ҷ˺Ц˵ҲæˣȥЪţͽѾͷʰ
ЪǼ٣ݻûԷأǸصСԺѾͷȥһݷˡ
鷿ƽױƵİүдȫóÿдҳҲ˴ӣҶͥˣдο
ͺѾ˶ӹͣԼĸǸവĹү
öӣ͸ҶͥļĿ˻ٲҪ˵
ҶһҲ뿼ˣǶడŲҪء
ʹҶ֪ϵǸүˣҲûκΣС
ΣֲǳԲ𷹣ӣĺģαطҪأ
һϯ̸ϣҶָͥ˻ҶǴͷɥγĶԱȡ
ҶͥصԺͬҶ˵ﶼ͸ãҲҲãרĴ⣬ЩǮȺˣĥţЩϼĶ
Ҷ˶ԴûκģͷүͺáȻơ
СԺݸճ극һҶ䳰ȷôﶼؼˣ㻹ɥһ˭أ
ҶƲ֣һۣ޾ɵʣôˣ
ĸأЦոճ극ҲһͻճԽȥĶ³ҲŲ̣Լء
Ҷ㲶׽ص㣬˿ûȥķ֮ǰΪЦ˵Լһ÷ģҡ
ǰһѣҲҲа
ʱ̫ݲŮˣϱͬѾͷƵģҪһӡ
ҪǹڼҴʱ䲻ǿװӣƫƫǻڷϣ˵ڼԺǲˣ
Ҫźһһӣ
ԽԽѣѾͷǵҪվź򲼲ˣǲԺѾͷˣųзŲҲͰˣҵɷ򣬾֪Լӣô򣡡
Ҷһ߶һģ»ﲻڣҾвУ
סĻ֣ͣ˷޷ҪǸǣҾʹ㡣
Ҷر֤ŮСۡ
Ϊڼң⼸ݶҶԼ˯ϴǲģҲʹߵİܸ
ദ˴꣬ҶǵĥòˣѹͲ˼
ҶֻСͺأҲûҪϸͷĵϸ
գһݺҶȥԺ밲Ȼ緹
ҶؾˣѾͷհ緹ںãȵݵ
ҶүҶһݼװı飬ͷװߡ
ҶүȷӦвݣӣ˵ɡ
ҶЦЦȻǶӵ˼Ҳʲôү᲻ˣȸү˲ˣָӼУ󻹸ݼһӡ
Ҷ˺ЦԶӶϱ˵Щװֵӡ
Ҷͥһ֣ԶϱĲ̼ɢˡ
ٴҲ󲻹Ӱ


75 
ҶͥðЩ, ȥ߹һȦ, ˳ǽߵһƬ, ǮΪЩˣԼ۵ڣѹѹۡ
˵ͲٵˣϾĻδʽţǿɻǸǵةү, ٶһЩ档
ʱ򲻼£ٹЩ, ˭
ҶͥЩļ, һȥͬǮ, һæųŽʣ˻
ææµµ, ҶҲ, żҲҪųȥ, Цӷᡣ
죬Ҷմֱ, ŲӼš
Էǰİϣű߷һ̿𣬻յú, ѴһС, ͨ绻, ̿ж
ӷס磬ԳһůС硣
Ҷһ磬ûҲл裬㲻￾ܽʲô
ҶڻϿ˿֣оӶůˣЦ˵ҲҵģﰲЪ˯󴲣ΪʲôҪҵϣ
ݰһۣʣģǲֳˣȥŪݶ޶Ҷؼҵʱˡ
򼸿أӼǮ̫Ǳֲɿڣм˵ء
ԣ㶡
ԭľߣҶͥûٵģҲ֪ôģʱ߾Ȼ˱仯Ҷͥǰչˡ
ԼܴⱾһֱԣԭҲֻΪһֲοäĿȵš
£ҶͥԼݣǰѱ˵ﵱɻĵظˣһʺơ
˵ΪֱԲǼۡҪǶԷƿڴˡ
Ϊظò򣿡
ҶҲ룬ʹ⻰ʵ֣ҵ˵Ļ
һѻǯŪ̿⻰ðѻǯصӵϡ
ҲҪ˼ĸԸƽԼݸһȣͶѹۣǿʲô𣿡
ģ۾Բˡ
ҶҪƢŵһ֧֧ǿˣҲӵģֻǽ۶ѡ
㣬ЩڵΣԤǮм۵һ룬ǾͲ򣬲ǽۣǿ
Ҷ費ҿˣֻм۵ʮ֮һһʱû̸£ء
˰ɣ˵˰ɣϺݺѣߵǵСµģǾͷˡҪǻңƴҲǵģֺԩȥٵſһӵԼҲǡ
ҶڨЦô£ģǲֵģ˭ҸٵĶأ
Цٹ໤Ļһܲһӣ㶷ȥԼλ˶ء˵㽫ҪˣٵģҪ汻ǶˣǾͳĺʷ˭Ҫǿ㲻˳ֻۣҪ£һӾˡ
ҶһݣȻԼܿоˣҲǺϡЩأ˵úصӣĪЩ¡
һ²һ£Ҽֲȱٴαأ
˲ÿˣæȵȣȥ͵һ¡
Ҷͥ˶ӵĻҲ˼
ıüЩ˶ӵĹ·ǿɾ͵òʧˡ
գͷŶӵĿֻͣܵǰȴԺ󡣡
ҶЦЦݽģƤ׮Լϡ
ˣȥæɣؾͲˣڼҺЪһЪ
߶ӣҶͥ鷿Ȼ˺ԺҶ˲ˡ
Ҷ˺ٷүľͱʾͬ죬ȥ׵÷纮Ҳãﱾӣ˵ǻ꣬ӱʳҲαضһġ
ٳϵϢͨװ˳ƵģҶֵͥ£չٵϢǱ˸ˡ
ˣۻ᲻Լ˳ԷҲģæԼ
Ҷͥһһģڼҳ̾Щ߲ȵ̬ͣ£Ĳš
Ҷ˱߶öӶܲˣһʱ벻ʲô÷ӸƣֺֻȰ
ڽͲ裬Цүԭ˵԰ӱ̸̣ˣ뻨ʰһ
ҶǰһЦáүǳ˵ԼʰõôͽүˡܲʻҪүıˡ
Ҷͥû⻰ֻǶ࿴ۡ
ڽʮһ꣬źҶʮˡҶˣֻǼС˶Сϲʣűסˡ
ڳȻͨʤᣬظͦø߸ߵģƨ|ִԲӲ濴ģһζ
ҶûȵүĻش𣬺ؿȥڿڣںߴģȴ㲻
Ҷ̾ͶˣӻʾȳȥȻҶͥ⣺үѾͷˣ
Ҷ˴Դף˵Ͳ֪ʲôζ
ҶͥʱҲкܶСͨͽˣŮɫϲôԣӺԺŮ̫࣬ķŰѺԺɢ˸һɶֻʣҶˡ
ֻ֪ҪԼ˱ضᷴԣ׻е㲻˼Ϊôˡ
ȡҶͥɤӣѾͷҲжãֻʵЩơ
ҶЦֻҪүôֱվհɡ
Ҷͥû
ûзԣͱʾͬ⣬Ҷ˼ͷڼӸסúЪϢ죬ٸ¡
ҶͥվЩ㿴Űˣȥǰߡ˵꣬Ͷ˳ȥ
Ҷ˵ڽнֱ˵ظ˵үˣ㣬ԸԸ⣿
ʻҪһģҲ˼ҲԸأһҶ˿ɲҵ
ڻǸߴĺģȲ˵ãҲ˵á
Ҷ˼ˣҪԸ֨һȻҵѾͷҲǿġ
ڵָؽһ̧ͷ޵˵˵İžˡ
Ҷһ˵⼸ղźˣһҿüƥӣѴЪţӡ
˼ˣлϲ̵ˡ
ʱҶ˹ȻƥϺõĳгΦ͹ȥ
ΦӲڵЦʲô£õӡ
˴ĶϣȻҲʹˣЩĻһͭǮ֮ģԲ˴ӣͷһء
ڸųУЦǳģүͷ˻ûֻǿаס飬ЦŶΦ˵лһˡ
˵ִ꣬ԼĺɰСһӣԼһǮҵӣݸΦӣǡ
Φӵɴ۾˲׹ˡ
⸱Ӵ˵̬𰸺ֻ֮ǣ֪źĶүү


76 
֪ԼΨһŵ, Ȼͨͨ, ĸﲻأȸԾ飬Լ, ҲǷ˵˼Զȥǰź, ֻš
͵ƥ, պ, ϴŴһ, ɾûжЬˡ
˵, ѿʹƤ⻬, ɫ
ȥʷҪһ˷ŭ, ͨأǣ˹ܼҵݡ
Ȼ⸮ӣҪԼͨһаŮ, ү, ҲÿͿ, ˡ
ڴ, ȴһˮ, ϴͷȻ׼ȥҪ
СԺ, ںҶ˵
û뵽һ, ȻҪ̧ͨ, һͷӣ˵úñ壬ƫҪ̣Ѿͷµȥְ
һ̣ڸеϧ
ȻٺѾͷ򽻵һ룬ʱһ񺮣ðļƤɨһ
Ҷбۿͨôˣﶼû˵ʲôء
ƲƲ죬оû˼
ͷѾͷȨأƴĶʿʿȺеԲԵΪɹ
˵Żſү̣ˡ
ôˣݺɵʣơ
ѵģԼڹǰ˵仰ͨ
ҶԷȥˣգҪ˵ʲô
ݷԸڽ
ڽʱϴЦҿܴϿѹ
ڸ񣬿ڳƸ밲ȴеһҲƺѾԼںƽȵλˡ
һϻǶЦʱʲôô
Żûڵ飬ҲͲϸˣװ֪ɡ
ס죬ֻ¶һ˫Ц۾˵̣˫ЬһʱҲʵӣ̲۴ƥң˴
Ȼʽ£ͷҲշգԼϵ¶ġ
ݵ˵ѶжģҲΪһͻ˹أȻ˵Ь˵ȱ˫ӣⲻ𣿡
Ц̾ȻͱᲢۣ
죬תתӣǿЦЦ˸ƥУϧҪȽѣûжʣ£ܼңҲָ˭أ⻹һ¡
ԼЩֲڣᶨģ̹̹Ҫ󣺡Щÿճһѣͷ̰һ¡
ԼûԹأжؿۣѵԼֵ̫ˣ˶ﵽͷϣ
ݲɫֻ֪ˣȥɡ
ֻӦˣϲ̵Ťˡ
һߣҶŴڵıӰΪ۹еǡ
ݳЦƼ˰ɣû֦ͷأˣҪٸܵܣеˡ
ղŻѾͷеϧι˹ˡ
ҶûֵҲ˵ʲôֻҪӣôţٲûҹҸʲôȻżң⸮ĿֲⷿƹܵģءҲÿĲҵ֣Ҵ˽أ̴á
Ҷüͷ
Լ༸ͬͬĸֵܽãȻˣҪͨȲܷһģҲ϶ᱻֱġ
ݼ˼Ͻһѻ𣬵㶼ʮˣһĸܵó㶼ǵĵˡһܻͣСĳˣⲻôԼĺӶûأҪܵˡ
Ҷ費ɵŮܲͷɣǸ鷳ˣһǳ棬ҪǲˣһС׷ҪԵҪģͷˡ
˵ô죿Ҷ벻ð취ֻȡ
Ϊһܴ󷽵óԼˡϣӦվͬһսߵġ
ҶͥǸϲأЦˡ
Ҫ̧ͨϱǲ÷κġŪӣҲֻиɿŵķݡ
ƫƫڲ֪УܵǰĴر¶Լ飬Թˡ
ݶҶ蹴ָߣ˵ȥ
ҲȥҶȻܾӹܸ׵ķ£˵ȥûŲء
ɫһڣǼҪô᲻Լ棬ĺ£
Ը⸶ˣͨҲջġݶյƵغţһ벻ģҲˣ¹ʮΣܲҵһ뷹ԡ
ҶʱˣҾŵԣһأл
㣿´ԼգûʲôлҵĶ
Ҷһۿصǵ˽Ǯûݵͷء
ŲӽеҪŷ￴ˣұ֤ﲻ˽²ң
⵹ҲпܣŶʮֳ谮ЩûһӤҪǶժġ
룬ǿǿӦðɣҾͰһءס˵Ļҵſʲôлҡ
Ҷʱϲ⣬ϴͷԱߵݶڼˡ
ݳСԺʱҶȥǱߣҪֵ̫ʵڲУ˵̧ͨû⣬ֻҪȸѾͷһ컨
Ӵⶼ֪ݲĿ࿴֪컨Ǿء
ǺǡҶڨЦҲǰлǨ˵֪ġȻͲˣ־Ҳ͡
û˿һּսĸоŬ۾ƣȻҶڴĿУʩʩȻԺȥ
ҶͥⰵʾԼڵ뷨Ժ󣬾ߵö㵽鷿ЪʱǹԹԵػصҶ˵
Ҷѹû·ϣүһͨͬһֻèèƵģֲȱʳֻҪү˾ͺá
̸ڣҶ֪үĿǰȤĻ⣬䷳߶ţҸ˸ӣҲˣҪҪٰŸСѾͷרź
ͻݴȣҶͥҲǵôߵˣæڰֻ֣ͨѣòֳһȥźȽʱ˵ɡ
Ҷ֪δ˼
ôЩˣүߵŮȥȥʱ򣬺ԺŮ˵ǳӴҲӲУͣ
ôŮˣûһܻϵģҶҲǰ˼⡣
ֻ˵úĸˣʵʵذѴʿ̽˹Ÿܶ༸ӣ˺ӵİ֡
ǣ֪ô£үȴ᲻ӣֻԼһ̥º硣
Ҷÿÿһ㣬úˣΪԼƽʱĴˣүŸ⿪һӸ


77 
Ҷ˺Ҷͥڵ, Φӽ, ү, ˣ̹ˡ
ҶҶͥ˵үЪţҳȥ
Ҷͥͷµڴϣ׼˯
ôЪʱʲôҪ£ҶһݾЦʡ
ҲûЪءݳ, һҲصعָһ¡
Ҷ˼, ԼҲ, , ȻָԵλҲ
ɱ˼ҵĶϱĸŸǰأվŲ׼̬ȡݺͱ˲һ, һû, ˡ
ܱվǿ, һˣαؼٿأҲˣԺҶҪദ, ˭װһӣճദУù˽ʵԸźá
ҲǽܾϾ, һһէɲ, һųô, ǿô졣
˵ղң˵˫Ьûкӡ
Ҷͥ⻹û˯ţûпŵ࣬ҶͥȻҲˡ
ΪҪԼЬ¶һЦ
ݻڽ˵֪ģ˵ѶжģûжģִټȥҸߣҪǺӣ˵ߵѾͷҲÿȻҶЧ¡˳øʧɩ⣬˭ǸˣҪôɴȫˣǶϳ£ɺã
Ҷͥü
˭ҵȫµģֻ»Ӹûôɤӡ
ݳ俴һۣЦʣ˯ˣǲǳˣ
Ҷ֪ү˼æû˯ţҪ˵ǵġ˵Ѳûͺܺˡ
ҶЩԹڣƥӣ⣬ܻһЩģ˫Ь㹻ˣôȥʶϱҪأ
Щ˼͵ƥأŶı֮Сˡ㲻ùܣͷҺ˵
Ҷ֪ͥԼˣڲҪЬ
ȥӣ϶ǻ̵֣ĸ˵Ьֻɫ
ԵһؿڣЦ죺˵ҾͷˡЦһ浣òͲءҲԣҼ޽ʱҶǿŵģжĺأ治С᲻һ鲼ǵò
Ҷ˸Ӳ˼ˣ
ⷿźЩӣԿԼϱûȥҲÿѵģѵҪжϱԼķóȥһͨ
񲻳һ׮Ц
ءûϵĲɫƵģؼ״˵Щÿ춼ҪѡûⶫǲǴ˳ȥԣ
ݵ˼ȷȻܼңÿ쵽ļӶǹ̶ģôȱ˭
ҪôӼãҪôŻ򹫹ѵˣǲԩͷġ
Ҷͥһֲ©ĶоԼ˼£˸ˡ
ƽʱôûôûɫǸ鷳أ֪ȥѾͷˡ
ֻһˣҲЩˣоԼڶϱǰһس
ҶߵˣΣ̧ѾͷȻ̧ٳһ̰֪ˡæЦ㲻ùܣͷôǰӵģҲǡ
֪ΪʲôҶ˵ͣ
ЦЦؿҶ΢΢Щȣƿߣ˵үźû̧ͨһʱ˻ˣЩʧȥͷҾ˵Ժٲҵˡ
գ̾һ
Ҷ˲ԣɻؿǺ£̾ʲô
һ̾ǳ֪˵ֻ֪˼ŹЩء
ʲôҶ˳Щ
ҶͥҲһµˣϱԼأҪ˵ɣҪڹѵˣ
Ҷּ֮෴鵭Ȼ˹˵˵ҲΪ˹밡ôȲϴǰٿڣѾͷöʵ˵ˣԲºӶδӦ
⻰˵úֱףܴףҲɫҶˣһʱͨ졣
ҶͥҲϺӣϱƲԼȥ־óȥֻΣصͺһҲͰˡ
⺢ӡҶ˺Ŀƣҿˣүģġ
ҵﰡݵ̾˶˵úһ˴ײˣ£ɾ
⡭⡭Ҷ˽Ͱ֪ͣôĻ
ҶͥѾ޿̣˴߳żԶľ룬ָݣŭں˵˵ʲô
Ȼˣ첱Ӵ֣Ҳڲž
Ҷ˼״Ͻ߹ȥ˳ȰСأүƽϡ
ݺɫԼѹǵ˶ŭҲǴλվ˶ѣ̹ûҪ֮ġ
˵ԺΪרԼͶģ˭ֵ֪ȣܲˣֻԹһ
ݸղŵЩ䶼ͬشƵģôڵϡȥһΪʲôҪƻԼĺ£ջǲңϾб
ڶԼòûģԼȴһ֮š
ᣬԵúã˯úãǰ˵һԴ|ءģֻҪүû⣬һҶһλӡ
ӴˣүͲǸĶˣҲ˺ͷƽƽ
һжãƫƫֻ·赲Լ·޵òУүҲŭҵ֯»Ƶģ͵شҶүҶֽֿУүˣʵ̫ݡ̫۸ˣ
ü΢ۿһ־硣
Ҷڿھûʱ򻹽ңͲͷشߣȥ
ڲ϶ᣬ۰Ͱ͵ؿҶͥ⣬үֹܰ
ҶͥܲãѾͷ˲ʶȤͺһ䣺û˵Ļȥ
ٶ磬ˡ
ݼǱһʱûסЦЦǡñҶͥ⿴ˣʱϵŭһ㣺㡢㡭
ݸϽЦͷװ֪˵ľԼ
Ҷͥƿڴһ˿ԼĶϱٲҲɷ̡ܽ
طԸҶˣҪȢĺϱȥѵûۿˡȻ˦ߡ
һûϣֻҪԼС
Ҫ벻Ҫ֣ôأ
վŰ򲻻֣ⲻ硣
֣ԷɲҶ|٣һôĺţ


78 

үȥıӰ, Ҷ̾ǳһת, վ, ϵĳԽŨˡ
Цع£ֵһ裬ɵȲ裬
ѽҶ޿κΣݸղľٶ, Ͳү˼ˣֻĳؽ̵, Ϊһ֮һͨʲôҪ, ˭Ҳأ
Ҷû, , ûĸϱҶԹķָֻŵġ
ϲ, ϱ϶, үﲻýҲûй˼ɣԽ޼ɵ
⻰, ͷط˸ۡ浱Ըܹ鰡ֲǳԶ˳ŵġ
, Ȼáˡݡһ, ˵ú, ѴǰľɰøˣⲻǸҶ
ҪǲܹܣһҶ轫ѧô죿ȵġ
ߣԺһ֮СԺҶɵһ֮Ǹأ
̧ͷݾ͹ҶˣȻ˵һίʵ̫ˣӦʮ˸ŽصĶã
Ҷһʮ˸үֲǻˣǻ
û뵽ǹ˵ģֻСԲĵæϸϸүжΣڼģ̧ͨҲá㡭
Ҷ˶˶٣ˣŵүǻѾͷûһܴӵģڣֻ¸ˡǾǸӵүɲΪ˵ġ
Ҷȥϱçײǵ˶ӵķԸġ
ôһ룬ݵĲȥһ룬ЩЦ˵ǰҲźܶ༸ܵãֵܽü໥֣ӲŻԽԽáȥβҲġ
ɫҪ̧ͨƣҲʵֵģڵ̫ｫܲס
ûͨûϺӣͱճﴧˣҪѸַ죿
Ҷ˿ɲӦ⻰ܵÿү˼˵ɡţͻһתСޱЩ£ץʱӲҪġ
첻£ز£±˴ӣһ⻰ˡ
վЦеôãҲûȥˣүһʵڷĲ¡
ӶҶ˵жôҪԲ˵æЩȥȰҪϹģ¶ء
ӦˣȻ󲻹Ժƺȥ
Ҷ迴ͷһ仰ʣˣҵͨˣ
ҿˡݲشʾԼ衣
ҶԴƵź˲裬ˮů֡
ݺ˲裬ķ̣˰ɣſɡ
ҪǻҪӦͨġ
˭뵽ֻΪǵ뷨ΪϣԺͻȻˡ
ҶǸСƢԣò˵һǴҶͥϼ̳ġ죬ҶͥڶϱһƤǸܲüˣһҪȥ
˯˯ˣ˻զģ
ȻǰͲãֻҪԼӱүˣɾɲˡ
˱˴˶⣬ͬɲͶһѹ·̹Ҷͥ⿴壬˱Ѫ
ҶͥȻԺãԺֻҶһ˶׵ĴָȻһʮӣ˵ġײϡ״̬
ڼ˱ѪЩţæˣҪҪͱҶͥһʳѹˡ
ˣˣûü⣬ҶͥӹǸѪ뷨ͻȻˡ˻赹ϡ
ƴҡΣûܰ˺ѣ֪ˣһƿү˼Ѿܣܱߺ˰үˣ
ҶľϽܹȥֻүôرڴϣѾͷøǴӣ
Ҷ˸Ͻ̹ӸסֿϻвѪֻүǿѪˣŵ̿޺ȥүˮþĲƬ
ԺֺģСԺҲˡ
ݴ˴ɫŵشСܽʣôˣʲôˣ
ȻܾСҰһүˣ˵赹ڵĴϣүѾ˽йȥˡͷ£ǸϽȥ
ҶЪ鷿ģûܺݻʦ
ȥݵɴۣ𾪼ˣ
ǡˡԣԿҪǮΪЪǷأû뵽Ůϡ
Ϸֲ֢˵ȥˣ治ȥ
ûûվ
ôŲæҲܿƽүиһǻүôңүֲĴϣʲôѽ
үȥˡЦЦҸݺȲɣ
Ҳáݵͷ
ҪȥģôżԺʰòˣٹȥƣТġ
ѿʱ򣬹δϲڳҲӦ³Ѵ
ҶСԺûһۣͱҶ˿Ŵȥ
ȳ˼ţںŵĴϣﻹµġ
ôͻȻˣʲôܲܺãһòˣҪ֧ˣ
Ȼ䣬оԼ˫ʮֳأѹҪ̧ͷһۺڳգһڰϵԸϽɣҺﶼҪţ
ܿ죬ιϴһѾؿҶҶ裬λʲôû˵ֻó룬Ҷͥݺݵ˼롣
Ҷͥѹˣ|һۣĸйĵ
ˣˣҶ˾ϲؽе
ҶԵһɳ˾ͺáȻĨ˰Ѷͷϵ麹
Ҷͥ⿴ŷ˶˹ԼòУ޲ܻصʱ֮ǰݺݴԼ⡣
ϴջ룬ζҶүñǣĪҪ̰ͼ£飬ɾˡ
ҶһֲѣҶͷڵҵضҶֵͥסоԼһӢʹ˻һҲûˡ
ҶòУӦæǿЦ˵ǡʹȥ
׵ڴţΨһжȻվҶ޿ɶ㣬̧ͷڨЦ˸ƣ
ҩƽȥץҩҶæһУ̾һľпһҵģǡ
ðҲûģŤͷһ۰Ͱ͵ؿءҶ룬ʵأ
û˯ţﻹŵء
Ҷ裺ȥ̹һȥԺ
Ϊϱ㹫òʣҲܲŲʰɣ


79 
Ҷͥѹ, ȴһߣ̾Ͱ˶˳ȥ, ֻҶһ
Ҷ֪뷨Ͼǳ£үܽ⣬ЦֻЩ, ҪӲ, үǻȥɣ
ҶͥԼҲų, òײڵվ, ʼûߣʣѾͷأ
Ҷ㶣Żˣء
Ҷͥ뷢ƢһŭͷĿѣϽѹ˼, Ҷ˵, ߡ
, ҶˣϽšæүؾ˲һʮƵ, Ҷ˾ɶˡ
ص, ڿĴ, ҶͥͷԸѾͷû, ȥ˰ɡ
Ҷ辪ˣĵ룬͵ʴףοأ
Ҷɫѿһ˲ָƽŵͷӦүģš
ҶͥͷһվŵĶӣ촽˶ʲôҲû˵Ϣˡ
ҶؿүȦģƺʱʹһ
Ҷְ˰ļ򣬸ذο
ʱĸӣˣ̹ˡ
Ҷ˸ϽϵɫСԶ˵￴ҳȥ˵һٳ
⻰Ҷ⣬֪ôݽ̫ͣˡ
Ҷ䣬ݳȻǳЦʵѾͷ˵Щã˴򣬲֪ʲôҪҪ
Ҷ˶ʱȻ
治֪˵ϱȱۣ²ţء̽ǴЦģ޲װŵģ
ݵǿ޲᲻Լֲʲô˾ӣܿңʧķŷֳأ
ҶһʹԼЦúܷɣڰֵҪֻ龪һѾûˡ
ǲԼȥǰһݻ뿴ͷЦأһۣʣ׵ʲôүأ
ҶƶԼ嵲סݵߣµںߵҹ裬Ѭֱԣɤ۶۵żһơ
˵꣬ݽӻͳ溰һȥЪš
ԽڣݽȥԽһʱ
лᣬǺ˾һТ˳Ķϱģ˵˵ȲóֲӣֶΪ
뵽ˣ˵㵣ǳĽģʮֳϿңˣڰЪأҪȥǰ̼
Ҷοˣ˵۹ˣĶϱôТ˳ԭǰŲүڣȫǳһƬİ
ҶֻͥǱۼ£⻰ͦζġ
ΪϱûнǸ³֪ˡ˭뵽˼ĺģҪǿȰܺⳡ
˵ᶯˣԼ֪Լ£Ըоˣ˲ʮƵġ
Ҷ̲ͥס˸泯ֻԺʾˡ
Ҷ״ƲƲ죬Ű룬ﻹûݵıĿأ̼ܵñӻ졣
Լ˳ɷ򶼲źָϽ˻
ߣҶѾסݵ֡
һ·Ӻ߹ݵͶñģҶ˷ĦŸȡůж˵ģֻһСѡϾǹ㲻ȥչ˵ģأĲõġ
ˡݲ˼سԼ֣ŹԵӶ뷨ԼһȻȥҩɣ
ΪƶŲҪɻѱִԲ顣
ϣҶ룬ͷЦǸТ˳ĺúӣǾ͡
ȥɡֻû˵ڣؾ쵽Ҫ⣬ϽŵҩͰˣȻᣬҲûҩҲҵ˹Ĳ飬ﲻڽңһԿţһġ
ĺƫƫĺҶЦⲻ䣬úӣҩò㣬Ժﻹĺ͵ءԣүϽȥЪţٹ밲үʱʹˣܼˡ
ҶҲȥˣﱻˣתأæ߳ΧѾ˯ˣҲЩЪţѾͷС
Ȼŵ׵̫ˣҶʹЩԹ
Ҷ֪ͥȴҲ޿κΡôһӣҪǺ˶ӵģ˭ˤ飬ʱ
߶ӶϱҶ˻ص䣬Ҷͥŷתؿ
Ҷ˿˫ԴЩǵ۾ﶼ˵ˡ
໥˴뱲ӵķޣôĬĬضţ˴˶ܺڡ
ҶͥںԼϲ޵£ĸһˡҶھԼûúɸѡһ£ôأ㺦ү
ʱĶһհڵҩվүˣҩˡ
Ҷ˻عŤͷӦ˽ɡ
ιүҩҴҴǣҶүЪţҽϡ
ҶͥӹŹعһȦǰΪȰչٶĸ|ͨͨˣûµطйԼԹ˽ʧȥ´һʱ䣬˿ȥмִüĿˡ
ռңĸйǺܸӵġ
Ȼ֪жӦǰԼǸүܾõԼһȣûۣ侲һ룬ȢҲкôġ
뵽⣬һæ齵ķˣӿϧȻ˵꣬ԼصĻԭС
Ҷͥʹ̵˼磬˵ϲҲ
ҶĶһ٣ЦЦҲãүֻҪ̧̧֣Ҿ֪ˣ½вҡ
ҶݶźصСԺ̤Ժţݾ͵㻹ǻ鷿ȥ粻ҪңôҹҪú˯һ
ҶҲַԾ͵ͷţЩЪš
˱·԰Ъ
գ˯ѾˣһҲţϾТ˳ϱ̬ҲΪҹȥչ˹Եʡ
ҶѵøϴãѾͷ緹ˣˣݴȥУҶ١
緹һȥԺ밲Ҫǿһ²еĹ
ҶͥȻܳˣϣŶ˺ܶ࣬쳣ģȻȳݵ˵ͷȻЦҶ裺˯ÿɺã
켫ˣ⸱ӿ濴ָԼ˰
Ҷص˯úܺãоôһơ
Ҷͥڰ֣ҩˣȳ⼸ҩٿɡ
˵䣬Ѿͷϲ裬ȴһס
Ҷ붢Ҷ͵ʹˣҲãҴȥˡǸģҸȡ˸֣ͽд񷡣
̲ס
Ϊڸ׮£ɷѿˡŰĹ򣬾ذڸ򷢳ȥ˽
ȡ˽ѵԵʣĴ񷳤ڻҪƽҲܽʵǰȴһƽ˿߱˵ıǮ


80 
Ҷͥҩ, ѲƵӸסˡǰ, µػЩͷ, Ⱥ⼸ҩͷۻ֢״û, ˶ɿ˼֡
ٴ, صضҶ˵СͨȫҪ, ҾȺ˺, ǾרĶŪӡ
Ҷ⻰жӯ
ô, ҲǸŮˣĸŮϲԼɷΧűŮأ
÷ˣҶͥĥ¿϶Ҳö˲, 룬ǲ, ԲżѾͷ
֮϶Ҷ֪ͥԼⱲӾֻôһŶˣܸİ
ǣպһ, ͽ˷Լȥ鷿ѹһһǧЩʮġ
˶˵֪, ʮѩҶͥ, ΰԱǩ, ĳУȴһ㣬ȲͷЩ̰˾ҲÿոТپ˰ܶռǮ
ôţҲһǧݼҵףϲ㣬ȴ´ࡣ
Ҷͥ˼룬Լһг綼ҪЩӷԼͷڶҲûʲô
ھóֺһ¶ӣҲܻΪڶĲ졣
ֻǣٲźأȫֻһ룿
˼ǣҶͥȡһʣµİǧԼţҪһԶȫȥԼʲôó֣Ϊ鰡
˼ãͷԸȥү
ҶܿˣҶͥϴŴȸ΢ЦݹȥһƱ׾ǴˣһţЩҲ˵ӣͽϣǸһģγҵأ
ҶüӹƱһ飬ȻϲüңЦֻ͵͵󾫣һġ
ѽ벻ջҶʱ㣬ѹлл
¾ͺã¶ƱҪˣҶͥǳοһʱԼһЩþơǱТġҲ̰ˣһС̳þƸ㣬䣬ȼȥȥţٺȣǧġ
ҶӿˣЦ۾֪ҲҪעӡ
ֱ޼ҶͥػصԺҶʵһƱ߻С̳ϵơ
ƽ̳ӽ⣬ӣƿڴ£ӿ㣬Ǻþơ
ƽҲϲƣүʱ鲻ЦͣТүģȻƷȻôõó֡үС˳һڣвУ
Ҷմ׵﷢һʺƣʹСͲȱӻҲû˾޿һʱͬڽϰ׼һƵģﻹһơ
ͷʮִ󷽣㵹һһ룬ٰ̳͵ȥѾͷϽһ
ƽϲ̵ȥˣҶ迴Ʊϲ޴ţԭת˺üȦһһĶ侲
ϽСһϰߡǱȻҲû˱ͺԾذƱѣÿǧֹţ˵Ҫлݵģͷһˡ
˶٣ֶŲǧȥǧ͹ʹˣĻǽšݾǸֻȻ⸱ӣƽʱͦģǽæӣٰĲģ˭ҲҪͭ塣
ǧƱҶϵŵСɰװȥⷭһʹõĴɰƱȥȻֻҶϣȥڷ
ƽѾ͵ϽϣүһҪȵġ飬͸Ͻظү鷿һүϰһɰƱ
ƽһɨ֪үƱװɰģʰһֱܣӷԸԼˡ
ƽƱһ𣬵ˣȻŽɰϵ֡
ҶտżƽЦ˵үƽˣѾˡ
ô죿
Ҷ˵һӡ˸˵飬Ȼ˷æչݳ˲ѡ
һѾˣŷļ飬еҪһƣҲҪǧ˽Ǯ飬ֱӳϹĹҵĴɰ̧žȥݡ
캮ʱ䶼Ż裬ֱӰѾĻϣݲϲžζǶ䡣
ҶһݾЦʣҵľƺû
ݴ߳ûԹĺʲôƣѬһɳζ
óҵأҶЦڻ֣к¸˵
ʲô£΢һ룬µǹ˽ֲˡ
ѹҪȾأǲ׼ˣҲЦ£ȥҪСү¾ơ
ѵһأôϸطԸѾͷ¾ƲˣҶ;ͻݼˡ
żһԭҲ߶չ¶һֹɵЦ
Ҷ迴Цգһʱʧ룬˵ɫýˣǰôû뵽һأ
ػ񡣡ݼһʱɵסƵģǰ˻Ρ
ҶعָŴɫ˵һʱҲҪˣӦôδȹƣõһ̳ϵȵģҺ
ǣ﷭˸ۣ浱֪ŮأСﶼġ
ǰϲҹñơտˣľûȹʵҲʹáңӣҪ˳һЩ
գգۣЦ˵ʲô£پҪҪ
Ҷȡɰݹȥֺõ˵ǵҵģ㳣˵һ壬ֱ˴ˣҺš
ݽӹɰ󣬷أֽ⿪ϵ˿ʱĿɿڴ
óϸִֻɨһۣҲ֪һʾ޿
ôңϲ̫ͻȻ˾衣
Ҷһӣںı飬ʮֺҵӣҲҪ˭˵ˣһᱣܣҷء
ݲؿۡ־򣬸˵δԼ|̵̫ɫأ
ֻһС룬ѾͷǽΪŻ裬Ҳǿŵģ̹ǵĺЩطνҶӣ˵绻ȥʵЩ䡣
ûзԣһӣССҪ϶Ҫİ
СˣҶԸ͵ͷȥ
Ϸ˰ּӶһ裬ƲһһںãźƣҶ£ӻֵǶȥҺ徲һ
Ͱûжֻۿݣʾ¡
ڰԶһˣ͵͵ƱжţԽԽһ̧ͷִء
ЦøãһؾүģȥЪŰɡ


81 
һƱʲô
ù, ൱ںһڵĲƱ, ý|˰֣
ݲƮƮȻ, Ǯĺ뱲ӿɾˡʲôȫߵҶ裬ȻȥһԼ, ¶ԷǸŮ˵СҲҪ, ֻҪǮԼľͺá
ǮŮˣôţ
ŶŵҶ裬ǰδеͣһıк
, Ҿһݾٱ, Цӯӯ
ҶЦͲ, һѱӵ۹ݿˣ˼ȹˣ˼ֻһ
ݵԹ, Ҳ볢һͷľʲôζһ̤ҶȦ, г˺֮, ѧҶһڸˡ
շ¾ƱҶѾץžƺŸ, , ЦʣƲɣŻ, ˡ
šݵͷ㣬ȲҲ̱ǣͦˬڡ
ůԷԳԺȺȣԺһ˫ˡҶ˾õȲӶϱ÷ʹѾͷȥơ
ΦȥվԺ˵˼仰Ȼӳ˼ۣͻȥҶˣүأžơ
һԵҶͥԣЦ˺̳ƣͺˡ
ȻžƣͲ밲ˣպȵģһӾǳǵģүһ㡣Ҷ˺ܿģӶϱȵСҲûʲô뷿ȤֻҪӣԸʮ̳Ӿƹȥ
СԺҶѾʼµڶˣݹߵعԼֶҪǲãֻҪһǾͲһֵˡ
֪䣬Ҷźʮȵ۷һϸźΣԵ쳣۽Ρ
Ҷֱضͣ޲̾˵ȥ
һֱֵ³Ա񣬶˵ԿǸҶôõġһõģʱƴסˣɫļơ
ȻķȲݣھһϣ˦֡
ݺȵκԾǲٺˣóǸװһƱĺɰĦ˺ü£ְϣ۾ҾʲôˡһţζβôǮ
ٱҪȵҶɫһŵؿʲôһֻǧģ
һЦ۾һ˫ˮЦЦؿȻһָͷǰҡҡװأҸղ͵͵ˣ಻һ
žһҶˣ˽Ǯ˭ôɶŪ
үǸˡֱ۾ȥɰÿҪðݡ
ͻȻǮˣһӶǮ־޴ľϲķ֮ôܵ
ҶֱۣϽ飬ĵȥ͵ɰݹʺƣһ˶
ָհɰݺˣϰ΢΢һᣬ㿪֣Ƶʣණ˵ţ
֮ǰϴŵǿõˣѾͷֲźҲûøɾĸֻźɰ齣ߵ룬ȡһɾģҪջȻһ¡
Ҷ裬һɣɰְ˼סȻתصϡ
ҶĿĴѰôҲҲǸĺɰ뱻ˣȹ
Ҷ軯Ϊĵò豭˾Ʊһ׼ݺ¡
ݲˣԼȥǵԼĲ豭أҪȲ衣
ιȡҶ轫ʢƵĲ豭һͣҸոݵŨ裬죬һڸѾơ
ǰȥľƣãķֱ½ֻѾƣҲûϸ豭ͷʲôҶĹһ꣬Ͳ£صϡ
Ҷӵ豭˵ؽһϲֱ֡񸾣ҲгԿϵһ죡ôʰ
Ȱ˱Ϸţ־òģĴջңҶתȥǰԸѾͷǣˣҺҪЪˡ
үҲͷһݹҹ˿ûɣҶѼƵİѾͷǶߣȻعš
ﻹǹԼǧ˽ǮҪҵɰһʲôҲûǣʼѡ
ѩ׵ǰչ֣ϸ£ѩҪ۾ֱӡ
ĺžƵĺ󾢣ѪӿƱ˾⣬ﶼֻʣ´Եˡ
һҹҶø㣬иܵĿ֡ûôʹ޷ڲʳ֪ζЪһЪŪһһء
ЪգƬʺƵģ§ͻ˯ȥݣ̵룬ôϣĸԸġ

գˣۣȿǰ͸оһʹŵϽ۾
˻飬£ԺҲˡ
㷭𴲣һŷԼжѣĹͷ˲ƵģһۣҶôֱͦͦš
һ࣬ͷʹ֢״һ㣬ŤͷҪźԼȻԶ˸Ҷ裡
˯߻Ц⡣
´˸ͬһӣƿӵһǣҶϰһ㣬ٵͷԼȫǹģܲŴƬĺϡ
ϸһԼ״ַʲôȻǲԶġ
ݶʱŭɶھֻһ뷨ɱޣ
ȵı֮£ݲûбͷ֪⿿ָһ˵ģҰѵ
Ѿţ֮ڲҶ޵£ΡΡ˴
ɢصѣԼģϣϵӵʱֶǲġ
ʼҵûв˵ҰѼҲãûߣȻϴ̼ˣ
ܿϧ֧Ųôΰ뷨Ϊʵ̫ʹˣÿһһĥ
ѵطСԲģⶫѾͷڱܣԷسҲҲġ
ͻȻ䣬ڻϡ
㹻̿ʹһҹδϨ𣬻ʣµײһ̿ھҵҵȼգɢů
б|һѻǯΪǰѾͷ򷢳ȥˣҶ趼ûôСǰѻǯһҹļȣȻ𽥱СĶȶȾˡ
ݱһʹŲȥǯ֮ǰһ°ֵ¶ȣȻ֡
ҺãѵӹֻҪֱ΢һӾܶһأ֣һǯŤͷ޵ضŴ˯еҶ衣


82 
Żȵǯ, ÿʮ˵Ŀ⿴Ҷ, һһǰ
Ҷȫ¶ű, ֻʣһſ¶档
ݴϡɫڣֻϸǸ, Ŵķ, ȥýдҶ֪һӦõĴ֮ˡ
ǯҪ̹ȥ, ҶͻȻ, ˸泯, ˯
Ҷ˵ıҹ߱ӵϰߡ
ݴδҶͬ޴˽⣬Ȼ, Ҳȥ֤߲߱أ˯ԼĵΣһëǮĹϵ
һϵҶ˯ú, վ, ûһ˿ѣڷʶ߱, ұߵСȱ¶ڱ档
ݶһ, ϴ, ںϾû˼ˡǣֻתĿ꣬׼ҶСȣԥشȥ
û֮ǰڼ⡣
òóԣмܹؽĲ裬ȣһҪۡڶһҪãⲻ̫Ҳ̫̫һͺ׽̫ʱ俾͸ǰҵĺȡƬһҪǰϽƣŸζ
󣬾Ҫڻϼ湦ˡ
ʱһһؿ̫ļƵ档Ҳ̫磬ΪһȣԶðֻ֬еȿõʱһͣϸֵϣȻͿԿˡ
ϲľ͵ʱ򣬶ͻ˳Ƭ̿ǿǰĺŽ
벻һʱգٴ˾ΥĺŽʱӿ޾ĶĻ֮顣
һ죬ǯȵĶѸ̻Ҷϵĳ㣬ֺСӵѷᡣ
Ҷء
ɪ˺üӣһλòС檣檺Ůÿɰõ᲻ѹˡ
ͻȻһҵʹǿӲҶ͵ۣӣһԾ𣬽Ųš໡һɤӲҽ
⼸Գţһչֳޱ֣һ˦ϵĻǯѸײڶ֮˴
վϣֻ֪ԼСȺʹò𼦶鿴ݽҲˡ
һعݸϽ׿Щʵʵ뷨˵صԭ磬³;ɺ޶ѻһҧҧڵϵĻǯ߾ųҶȥˡ
үҶ迴ϵĶʱŵûɢɲϴ°ҪԼ
صʱ̣Ҷ豬޴Ǳܣϵʹʱˣһֻ
Ҷȳھƹȥ䡣
ǿʹ壬ں׷ҧгݵҽҪƴһ
࣬ôһͱ˸Ҷ˼⣬ⲢӰٶȡ
Ѿſڣһ߻Żŵؿţһ߻عͷֵؿݡ
ݺ۾ߣ¶ɢҪԼָļᶨ顣
Ҷ豻⸱ƸŻˣԼѶûдϽŶӡ
󼸲׷ʱҶѾܵԺſˣòˣĻǯɳԶԶسҶ˹ȥб£Ⱳӱҿ㣡
ǯ󼸲ԶĵطҶβƵģ͵ֱҶڵԺȥ
һ죬Ƕһ澰
ҶĶүڴ|ϰ±ֻһ㣬һ·ҽŴСԺ嵽Ժ
ͷԣүôôѵǵʧķ裿
Ҷէһŵøæ˱ۡ
ΪԼۻˣʱҶɥһίͰ͵غ
ӴҶ˱ܿȥֵôѾܳˣʲôӡΦӣѸүϣ
ҶʱŸо䣬ݵ״һü磬Ҷ˸Ͻƣȴѣ𶳳ˡһַԸѾͷȥ̹һˡ
ӣ϶Ƕϱûźã˭
߶¶һŵҶ軻ѵʱ򣬴СԺ˵̹ȥһˡ
ϴ裬ѾͷĻû
ȫأղ׷Ҷ輸ֱֻϽϴ裬Ȼشš
Ը񣺡˵Ӳܹȥˡ
ȥǸģһҲ˵ʵʵȥҶѧһ顣
Ҷ˽ΦӶ£ϱҲû룬ֻˣͶܣִŴȥûС
Ҷ軻ѵʱ򣬲ŷԼСܵĥӱ̳һȶָͷôһطѾˣһݡ
һ·񱼣ʧȥʹƵģ֪ѣʹý
ȺҶ˱һҲ˲ʲô嵽棬ʣôôˣ
ҶѾһӣȴϣҶۼ⣬һͿˣʱ͸ԼƵģֽֿУôŪģ򣬿ү
Ҷͥˣֻһ۾侲طԸš
Ų䣬Ҷͥϸ쿴˶ӵ˴Ȼܿ϶˵Ǳ̻ġ
ҶĨᣬ޵ͬϽŮԿһ٣ϽԸѾͷѻŲԶЩҳ˵лʱһҪСģôͲأ
Ҷͥ۵ֱ̾Һֻȣ˵ϣһϺõҩȥ
Ҷ˿޿䣬Ҷ£ȣ§Լ˿ϴһ滹ʣ۲ۣ
ԴԺҶûܹĸοжˣƺҲôˣ΢΢˼˵ˡ
Ҷ˺޲ܴϸ˿ڣ״СŵǱǯˣ·ôôСģ
ҶҲ벻ݹģΪǶ·СģԼײȥġ
ݣҶĵί޴ߣ˶ٴҪݵ״ʵһء
ѽҶֱӲܺúź㣬ԺѾͷѵɵô£˻Ҳ֪ѻǯպãôߣűײأ
Խ˵ԽŤͷԸΦӣҵĻүԺѾͷȥͥԺһʱÿٷǮ
Ҷͥһҩ߽࣬Աôʲôãǻźӵģӣźʲôˣسͷ»ָ˵ءɴȫˣõĽ
ҶҪӦ£Ȼ˵ֻõϾźϱģͷҸ˵
Ҷͥӱûٶ˵ʲô˴ˮϴ֣ȻСظҶĨҩ


83 
Ҷݵ״, ε֮, Լ, һƷݣӴˣܷˡ
Ǻõģϧжȴ㣬ø״ļɣ˵Ҳ˵ֻҶǰ˵һ䡰ݡˡġ֣Ҷƫ, ֻԼСģԱǯˡ
Ҷ˺ҶүΪ˻ȺѾͷ
úýһ, ǵõ￴׺ĿɣƫƫҶ˵һ䡰Ӳ, ܺúź, ԺѾͷѵɵô
Ӳ
һ䣬ҶĻĪϨˡΪʲôԼ̫£
ݸղ׷, 㣬ÿһӶҪһΣҪǻǰ, ôܵõ
ôһ, ־òø״, ȻԼ񲻳Ӿͷ˵
ҶϲŸոտ磬̰ݵ壬ҪֵǰǿɾͲճˡֻ飬һοȾغˣѵԼһҪʹҩ
˼룬ˣ״ҲաǸˣؽһҪ㣬ԭһأֻҪԺԼͺá
˼䣬ѾͷհõڵĽҶ˸ϽŶ롣Ű£Ҳˡ
ιҩЩмɲˮţȾ͸Ͻҡ⡭
Ҷͥ⿴ƺЩÿڣѯʣǲạ̊́
Ҷһ⣬ˡ
˵ͷοǣ̵ЩأҲ°̺ۡõķ룬ҿأһ˿ģҲӰҶү³ԡ
㿴㿴ҶͥòУһǻŭҶˣСԺѾͷúúóˡ
ҶүҶˡԼӵ˶Ҷ裬ƫƫԼûһ¡
ȻеӰۣ˵ģƽʱ洩һӣ滹ҪӣֻҪѣ˭Ƶü
Դӽ˵ȫ˱ϣĶڴЩ顭
Ҷͥһɵı飬ƺڻζʲô£ʱһҪǡСүոյһš
ҶͥվԴ˵
ȥǰԺҩҶͥϽȥϣȻйСˣأ

Ҷʰڵӡ
ѶͻСԺˣ˰ɣԺѾͷûһǻģϱֲҲûܽˣöԼԺš
ҶүסԺܿССʮ䣬ݣĶڳס
Ҷ˲Լ̫ԶǰԱߵһʰΦרչү
ҶһŸеʮ⡣
ڻһȥû֮ǰҪѰıӻͲˣףѵҳ嵽ŵԺɱɱ
Ҷ̵ģҶϴιҩȻִ۾ú˯һ
ҶֵúҶֶΦӼ䣬粽үŷĵˡ
һߣҶۣ֣صظΦӣһҪúңҪǿˣϽңٷȥ
ΦӲԣǵͷӦ¡
Ҷ˻صԼ۵̾˿ȻСѾͷȥСԺ˵үˣ̲Ҫġ
ֶһˮšҪҶ˲ˣɣ
Ҷ˶žԼģոտ޹۾ֺףԾ˳ŵֵ˼ϴͷ
Ҷͥſ飬ȻЩϡͿýԺȥ˶һأѾ˯ˣߵݣŽˣȿ
Ҷ˽ӹɿؿ꣬ȻЦôˣòϵҶˡ
ԭҶһԶصıɩʮûˣ͵дѹҶҪܾˡ
˵һŮʱ򣬱׽ˣ˵ͽ˳ЩŮ벻ɢɢģͬʱҲϣҶ˿һϣæ˵һ¡
ҶϸϸһҶͥһǺԺŮ˵飬ͶԺֻ㿴Űˡ˶٣ֹҲ̫Щ궼ˡ
˭˵ءҶӦȻ񣬷ԸʰͷøֶŮס

һ˯ѣ緹ˡϵʹ˺ܶ࣬ǶӶ
Ըȥȡˣݳ극ȻǸأ
Ա㣬˯һҲʰǸˡ
㶣Ȼ̫סʲô˼Ҳ֪ʵһүæǻԺ˵ү⼸վǱˣúϢõүˡ
ҵݿƲסԼ޵ɫЩŤˡ
һôˣæȰͺЪŰɣүǱҲãʡҪź
ŬʹԼƽ
ҶǸޣŵ͹ըһٱ飡Ϊڹû취ˣ
бһͷڹ꣡
ͻȻһ£ݼæ첽߽Էһӷ𣬺ɰڣƱһҲû١
ҪʧʧƣľҪ嵽ԺȥҶˡ
ҲҲҲһĬ飬ɱҪģΪֵá
ߣǱǷ޹ϵ˵ȥҲ
˵ˣݾʲ˼һ󣬾ȥҪ룬ЩӣҶĶĶŰɡ
ݰԼѶʱˣֻӻûãæôһСָоʹˡ
ǣɵϣ˯˼ͷһѾ͸ˡ
˵ʱȥԺ밲ģǼ£ӹ򶼲ˣֱȥ˵Լûã´
ҶǸӣҲϱĲǣΪæչ˶أֻǷԸһˮ̲
һԵҶ⻰ЩЦˮûãֻĸСģԲ˵
ݾһһҹϢڿᣬָòˡ
ù緹͸ԼһױĴһŰȻ׼ȥԺŴС
ϾڼңĿǰҶĶϱû취˵߾ߣ˰ֶԻᾪģȥ˵ͽڻҿȻͲٻˡ
˵ԼҪߵģҲܻͷߣʱ͸˻ᵣĲ˵ԼҲ̫Ǳ
ݣҪҲ̧ͷͦصߣ


84 
ݰͦصԺ, й°ĸʰ, ҶүΪӱ, Щݡ
ȢϱΪʲô˴ڽӴרźԼӵġûԼɷչ˲á
Ҷүٲ֮ǰĴģ䵭ص˵ͷȻתȥ˸ڿҶ裬Ҷ˵
Ҷ˼øÿɫҲ󣬾ЦӺЩˣӦ, Ȼɫôá
ݲ֪ԷˣɫһѧŹղŵ, ΢΢˵ͷ
̬Ȳƴǰǰ磬Ҷֻү, Ҳû, ֣, ˵ˣϲҪϼվûˡ
ݲ, ֻǺ, ûҶһ¡ֿɶǿ||ûȥ, ʵ̫źˡ
ҶΪǵ˵ûȥҲǷĲģȥơ˵ţվҪߡ
ûж
ڳôʰҶ裿һᱻģԣйȥıҪ
е˵
Ҷһ⻰ȥȻص˵ͷҪ˵ԺЩѾͷ°ɣĺݣͷǣʵЩ̫ˣа
죬Ҷ˷ԸˣҪԺһʱ۳Ǯ
ΦȥСԺݵǶԷ磬ѹͲᡣô죬ͷһʱϥǻҪҪˣߣҶ˸ͺѾͷ޹ء
Ҷүٹܺլ£Ҷæչ˶ӣҲûȥſͷûִСˣҲͱݸŪȥˡ
򴽣˵Ҫң˭֪ſڣҶ˽쵹Ǹ̸Ƶģǰ˵лˣûأһصıֶŮҪסЩӣͷѾ˴ɨˣ˰ҿȱʲôãϽԸȥǧˡ
һ
ֶŮôĪϤУ
̽ʣ֪λʲô
㡣
ݰĬĬ飬ʾ֭Ӽ˸ˡ
һȻⲻаԭСô
꣬ʰҶҲΪǸС̫ԶûԼУһʱ˻ôһˡ
գգۣɿתԽ
ôһͲˡýźҲ֪Ҫô뿪ڳλãǶԼ|||˻֪أ
ǸˣͲˣݴ⣬ˡ
ǣЦؿҶˣЩأ
ϱǰ仯̫죬ղŻһǷ˰ûƵģЦеˣҶҲû룬ֻôΪҪһ顣
Ҷ˺Ц꣬һ̸һ֬ˮ۶á
ݹȣʣҴꣿû
¹عҵҶ˲ʵʵ˵ֻ᲻ôء
ݵͷȵסҶ˵ĸ첲ɵ˵ǿȥүɡ˵ֻ꣬һݣʵ̫ģһ϶û˯ãүҪиһҸô죿
ģġҶæأ㿴˾֪ˡ
ݸԺʱΦӾҶ衣ҶԣʱٴУݲҪ¡
ǡҶͥ߹Ҷ׵ֲϷţһˣ´ʵƵúܡ
ҶͥⱾûʲô£Ȼ䷢ֳĶӻԼʱоٸߴֺǺǵ壿
ݺҶ˹ʱͿڴ϶塣
ҶִӣһöӣҪ£ҶݣŵһӴӸߴ塣
⺢ӣ²ӮҲܹˣҶͥҡͷʮϧ
ƽʱҶͥҪӮһֺѣΪҶڰݣһĶãҶͥ˸ˡ
ҶֵүأЩ
ǰȳ幫ȻŰڳеģҶ裺үպЩûƵôˡ˵ţȥҶĿȣҪۿһܷĵ˼
Ҷͥˣصͷ֪үġ
ڳôˣֻҶһ˿ݵ㣬Ǽ٣ûѲ档
ҶݵĳָȻ£ֻҪԸ⣬ɾͰԼ˿ڴٽһƤ
ҶɿȣƵֵֻס˿ڣǿЦϹҩÿأٸơ
ǿЦôĲҰһջ֣ε˵һСԺ˰ɣҪˡүģѾͷҶصôˣǶŶ䷢һҪúźүأ
Ҷ˲֪ûгͷѾͷֻԼĻãο˵͸øĽѵһԽˡ
šЦӦˣȴ룬ֻ˭߳ģ
Ҷ˶ˣµԼ͵ĸϻݵæҲȥû֮ǰĶҲȥ
û֮ǰǾԲŲѵġ
ҶֺֺͥЦˣǵøＷһסҲգ㡣תҶˣأǲҪƶˡ
ҶȻǰ˳ģͶ˵Ȼ붯ɼա
岻ݴǣشүϻȥܷԼأҲҹү
Ҷŵ֣òã˵ˣҪһ࣬ľ;
Ҷ˿ӣֿĶϱϾСᣬϱ׼ҪЩвˣЦݻȥЪŰɣһɵֹչү
Ӧе̬ҲͲٶ˵ֻүЪšһȥʰӣЩٹ
ţȥɡ
ߺҶ˭
Ҷ˵ûҪӣǰһ飬ĩ̾Щ̫ɶˣҵô󣬺úõһôˡ
Ҷ꣬вɵϧδıã̾һͻȻ͵һԼǰΪ㲻˾Ϊ
ݺԼз֮飬ȻԸáݹԼ֮Σ޶ȣ⡭
ѹҪأ
ҶÿһļӣкڼˡʣЩʲôͬ
˻ǿһЩ̣Ķ޹ʵĹԼأȴýȢӸ˳ˣ


85 
ҶԽԽں, ݴӴҲˣϲòķ޹ϵ, ȥһֵûֽҪͷҪǵڼңԼݸˡ
Ҷ˼ɫͣر, ֻǱŻ, æ²£̫ƽأ̼޵ǵطǸƧȵﰲǿʢ
ҶԥȻһǰȥ, סֱŤġ
ҶֵղųҪһס㣬ֱԣɱȵµү, ˵ͱ䡣
Ҷ費˼ЦЦ, Ҷүڰ֣Ҷ˵׳ףǻԼȥסҪǲģ͸ȥôһǱߵˡ
Ҷ˵ͷҪ˽æү, Ҷȴ, һ, ٻȥ
ٶһյʱԼҲܵ
ݻصСԺŰΣһݵӰ͸Ͻӭ̣𣿡
ˡݽӹİ߱߷ԸЩλҪס׼˿ͷȥһ£ﲻʾ͸Ͻˡ
ȥˣݻصԷѰĶһóսȻģȥ˵ֻĸˣżƬ˲Ρ
˲̲ˣϧԼ壬ҲͷˣȻҪúñӣڲҲΪʱ
룬û˲Ρ
Ҳǣ˲ĶڳأЩԼҲûаѵҪӳȥ
ҪǮҪ˽Ǯİ֮ߣȻûУһеİ
˽ŶûȥҶԼڳѵŲóӪƷ
ЦЦֲͷԺһˣͶ԰˵ȥҷˣ˵ү˲μʼûϺõĲƬҪң˵æŸʰأԲһ˵ġ
ȥˣ֪Ӧôػ
ֻضҶ˵밲æŸʰӣһʱֵ߲үӣ˲μүʼû˲Σ
ҶŲٵĺöһ߿Ǹϱһ߽еȥֱ֧ⷿýϻװˣаĴߡ
Ҷ˲ģֶ˲Ǵ֮Һүܲ˵ÿϱƬһСѳүԾ͹ˡ
ĻصСԺҶ˵Ļѧһ飬ûȴ򿪽ϻ˿
֧εƷ治аĴƬԼƬҶƬʣµֵŻȥչҶ÷
ʱһӴүļôֻƬ˲Σö
ǣü˼֦ȻŽа͵ȥѡ
緹ǰ˲μˣֱӶ˵СԺݹĿ
һҿһŨŨ˵ϣ˲ξǲһֻôһŶܸо̲ľ
ЦЦаĺȥſţȻðСӣ˹غȼ
ʣζ㣬ݲ֪ͰԼһѸȹˣŲ˷ѵԭѲƬ̳Ե
ȻʣµѼһҡͷһ߽ҸӣܳôõηҶðˡ
ǵģҶһ˻̵η
ݺذҶһѼȵһ룬һƬ˲ԣֻʣƬ֦СĲ롣
ô˹ȥ¶ţЩ׿ˮӽһ
ʱȥҶͷˣȻ˵ˣүԺˣһ¡
ΪϱĻͺãҪģֻԼɣүŲʣָôء
ˣѼţźүȥ
һ·ԺֱҶ˵ӣȻҶڲǰҶ˵ơ
緹ˣү÷Цӯӯ
Ҷ˿һۣתͷҶ˵˸˲μһҪꡣ
ǱҲϷˣȥ㹫÷ȥҶүｻҾͺá
ҶͬҪʧȥĳƵģ۰Ͱ͵ؿҶˣ
ҶûĿ㺬壬ЦеǾͽˡȻ˵ȴûж
ΦӸϽڴϷһСѷ˰ȥСӣ˽ȻҪιҶȼ
Ҷ˴ȥ˿üͷݣôô˲ΣҲǽ˶żƬô
ϱŪҲ̫ˣֲǳԲ˲Σѵⶫ̫᲻ã
ѽ̫СҶ˽ѵҪҪֻҪΪүã˵ƬΣǰ֧⻹أǧ᲻á
Цһ߽һϵ˵Ϊүأ͹ⶫ̫ˣүˣҲ鲻ܲһѪô죿
ԣ˵ĶԡҶңȻˣȲϸֻŰѺöιүȴ˷¶иȡ
šɷнµصͷ¹̲үӡ
ҶľȻţʰԼɴ˵ֻÿ
ʵ֤һҲģЦӯӯҶˣȥ÷ɣǧӣүء
Ҷ˺οϱ˹ԼֶԺһƬģľˣҶһݡ
Ҷ˸ߣһѶӣóֿ֣ҶһۣûϣԼȡ
ιȼһѡҪҪ
Ҷ豾ͻں̫ŵˣЩ㣬ټϵﲻڸǰǱֵʮ
ӣڷˣֻСζЩƫҿ
ȻﰾôŨݳղصԵʣΪԼķϣͲҪ̫ˡ
ôһ룬Щж
ԭȣһֱԼڴϵıֻ⣬ֱ̻̲գֱһҹŷԭԼҲ͵ģһҹΣôܸɰղڣЪЪֱͣͣŪҹҳ
Ҷ͵ЦȻоԼرߴͦøֱ
̵ģһĵݣԽԽĶĶáǣôһۣЦһ£ٳһڷȻٿЦ
Ҷ̫죬ݱֱëܾ||Լ̲סһ񺮣̧־ˣȻŵԺֻӲסˣͷתע
ǸãǸʲôСʱû


86 
û˵Ҷ̵ķ, һôĵӣҲͷһ˵ôһ, Ķ棿
ΪڷԼ̰һֻۣ˵㣬һŲ֪
֪ûϸ, ҲǲˡǰһС˵, ˭ǵסôСϸڰ
ҶϽһһʮذϢһ, ĩֵ룬ǿһ䣺ҿҲǺͷ, ϾûˣðæѰһ, ˼޳ȥء
Ǻ, Ц
ĸʱֵö㲻䲻ȵӣԭ, Ͼͱ˵ġ
ҶΪϲλãԭӣҶϺ, ֪, ҲӲȰһȰԼĶӡ
ҶԼ뷨, ǹɸ, ʲôҪأΣѵŮ˻ҪЪ˭ֻҪͺá
ûнĻֻǴҶϽԷһ꣬ͷԸʰ̣ȻСԺϢȥˡ
ҶΪѵؿıӰ뿪ڽԼһԲϾҪˣֻؿôˣԼ˶
ڴһ磬Ҷɵᱳۣ˶ȣȻ˿ڻûãӰ
´һ˿˿ۣܣǣùҶ˵һСԺȥˡ
Ҷ˵ͷݲ䷳߶үȻûãǧˮҹ㾯ЩҪͻȻۣ͸Ͻʹҡ
ﲻͷϻ΢Цţ˵ͷӦ͡
Ҷһתңô䣬ԼҲ治ǳ
ҶôܷԣЦӯӯ˵ã̫ᣬ²࣬߶ⶼΪǺá
һƲҶͥվʲôҲ˵ͷȥ
Ҷ˼үҲҪһȥӸˣŶӵĸ첲үĽŲ
ҶôͬǹƵģͻСԺҶæżӴǷͣԺѾͷǷææûͣЪҶͥҶкȲ裬ǶֱŮ˸ɵ顣
û취ֻܸҶӰƵģʱͷӦһšԱʾԼĹɡ
˺ð죬Ҷǰǰ󶼼һ飬Ŷ˵źүٹ
ѵһ飬ΣڼҾ㲻ãԼˡ
ͷİɣұ֤ź׵үͷ١ĵر֤
Ҷʮ⣬źҶүһˡ
ݳȥǣҶΪԱͱҶְ˴ţһͿĴϣ˵üЦ
ӳȥ컹Ҫ飬ƤЦⲻЦؿвô󣬷һҲǲУ˵ǰͷҪʵʵҲͰˣٸҶֶţҾֱ㡣
ҶЦףǺôҲȫˣͲܶһ㣿
ݾһʮ갡ޣҪǻִܰε
ҶԵλãڵط룺䡣
ǿѹͷĻ˯һͷȥ
ҶܲԸô˯һͷҲ㡣òײĴֿ˯ͷԵö谡
ݵĿҪľ˻ȭͷȥϲ˯ϣ
Ҷɾѡ񣬹ԹԼͷ˯һͷȥ
ˣϴϴЪ¡
ĵѾϨֻʣβȼţҶݳȥ͵ʱͰѼѻǯӳȥˡ
ôֲⱲӶٿ
룬־òģǯȻûˣһ뵽İ취أȷ˵һԵذ̿𶼵ϣ
ҶԽԽǣĶһţ͵ǰ㣬СݣҵŪҶûڵǰ״Ҹ˵һأ²Ϊ֪˲
ݻû˯š
һͷԷйе㲻ܲˣⶼȥˣٴҲһЩ
ԣػشȰҪҲŶϵоֻһ¶ϻ˴¡пˣȶϼ㣬ллǶĻӡ
˵ʲôءҶе㲻˼ŤŤģǷޣ¡Ǻô
ﻨŭˣֻҪҲԸ⣬ǿľ㲻ԣ
Խ˵Խ̧ȣһ˹ȥҶǰǡñһϡ
Ҷ衰ӴһջؽţĨһʱȻѹԼ˯һͷԭǷʱԼ
ҶˣɻȥӰԼǵʵʵҰο룺һҲûأԼŴȣֱС˼
еǳˣŴϣ·ȶˣϧֲָУǱ죬ٲҿھݡ
һҹԣ˴ݺҶ軹ûǣҶӵҶ˾͹ˡ
˷ˣæȻվ⳯ûӦҶƿš
ݣҶ˾ֱߵߣɿسͷһۣȻŻص䣬Ц˵𣬲ż
˵ʱݾˣû뵽Ż˵ľٶ
һºõģҲҪһˣ
бԹһأҲͻԼأҿҶڴ˯ˣҪǱſСĶ»˵ĶӣȻίڰϹҹ²õȥ
Ȼĸ˵ĺܲòо˽ַˣŸĵϰ߲źá
Լȥ˵ֻŲϣͼϡ࣬ıȥá
ҶĿ˯ͬһ̽ȥס죬Ϻݺšһѡ
ֽ˷ʽĺЧҶ˲ɴ۾ֵؿݣŷԼ챻סˡ
ѹ䣬ԴģҺܲϲһȥͬ˵Ҳϣеڶ 
Ҷ룬Ȼ󻺻ص˵ͷ
ѳȥҶԼղܵȫֵϣܲ˵˵´βҪôżٵǴٽ
ôҲǶʮĴСˣ˵ˣԼҲΪ˺ܲ죬ܲڡ
ҶЦеģҾǵ̫ᣬҹչ˲㡣ģһһġ
ʱԷ߳Цӯӯؿʼװˣͷأˣ»һЩȥ밲
ҶֺǺǵؿݣǸúӣƤ񣬺ЦҶֻĺۣʲô˵ˡ


87 
յŵĵ, ŷˡ
ҶԺܳԾǰһ˵ôô, Ȼڼҹ궼˲ˣ벻ż, ˾͵ˡ
ƣƱֶŮҴææļƣǻϼ̽ɢ, ڱܻƵġ, ͷҲֻһ͹ȥˣҶĳڼ˵ϲ
ҶЩλõ׳ʲô, ɵسһۡ
ԹۣЦһ, ƵЦȻˣҳȥӭһӭ
Ҷ˵վȻͷżλ˵үүҸȥ͹ˡ
Ҷͥͷǲͷȥ, һС, ǸңֵͶݣ
Ҷ迴׵, Ҳֱ׳ϲˡ
ӻͣڸ⣬ݺҶһֱſ, ͼӽ߳һ˶
ݰϰͷ, һǳɫȹ, һһ񴺷֦ƵģС͸һԶ׼
˽Ӻ̧ƤҶ˺һۣȻɿȥֻܾСá
ݿᵹˡ̽ףֻ֪ǽأȻô³
㰡ǼˡҶȵغûŮĹҾ鲻Խϲˡ
ĸﺬᣬǰûߵҶ˸ǰӾͻ˻Σ·ѾԲƵġ
Ҷ˸Ͻȥһ§пõм㸸סҲЩûˣռ㣬ͬ˱Ƶġ
Ҷ˱飬ˡ
üǰһЦɣ˵
Զԣͷ䡣ҶĨ˰ᣬһ㣬һָָֻݣܵɩ
ɩ
ػ˸ذ룺񣬱ڷ˵Ⱦ˷纮
Ҷ˸ϽߣֺǺǵ˵һˣ̫øҲڼҡ
һ·Ժݣ㰤Ҷͥ⵭ﵱԼļңȱʲô͸ĸȻʩʩȻˡ
û˸ҶүҶ赹Ƕ࿴λüۣ̾ŮӦеӣôôϧݡ
һŤͷӭײ񣬷·͸һƵģʱŵһ飬æҲȥǰˡȻĶӡ
ҶʧЦҡҡͷ˵ϰ꿼ţأҪ³ġǲùȥ
㱾ʹҪֺλĸ˼ò˫ȫѵûùضǰ;
Ҷʮֿģ֣ͣĦţ룬ֶŮòܲøһʲô˼أ
ҵ࣬ɩƫֻ͵ԼҲǿүٵݣҪ˸ټءȻԱɩŮ̻Žŵԡ
Ӧöķ̫̫߶߶ˣĸԱԼıֶŮֻǣԼүѾչ٣±δػӸ
Ҷ˿˼ͷԶˣ΢΢һߴӵĹģ
ԹۣԼӦӦڳס
źλúôҲһ˿˿ѪԵϵȻЩܱԼǿ
ݲٿĸֶŮĳ棬øԶ·ӦҲˣȥżʳˣ֪ûʲôɿڵģ
㳯һЦʮִƵӣɩˣҲûʲôɿڵġ
ҶŴ˼лعæԸ˵׼СˣЩȥšˣЩϴõˮ
ݵͷӦ£תȥ
ҶЩ˼Ǹ˵ֻ˵㱼ۡһյţ̽˰ʰˣɩȥ
δ˵꣬ݱԼ򷢵ȥˣҶֻԼߣȥơ
ֻһѾͷ⻹мӵأͱС˸͵ͷˡ
Ҷ˰ŵĵط߿еһСԺȻط΢ЩƫԶʤڻġ
ҶԺһȦĴ˿ȻŽӣЦֻܰס£ǧɩǸܺˣ˿Զ˵˵
㸣лñĸˣһġ
ҶַڼﲻҪ˶ȻЩͺá
˵ŻϴˮˣҶҲͲٶϸϸϴһϴһɩͻͷ˹ôһЩȻɴЪЪٸӷϴ
Ҫߣæȥֿһء
ҶˣԺȦԭԼסҪõö࣬
ֲô˶Դ뵱أĸңֻһеԺӣ˿ɡ
ݸûȥֱӷԸ񣺡ȥЩʳ͹ȥţʲôʲô
ղŷ˵һҪ׼ĻͶһ䣺᲻ЩˣҪ֪ˣ»᲻˵ġ
ҪͰ˵İ졣ںذڰ֣ﳤ;棬ôᣬθһСֻܳԶ٣ңҪæ׼ϵľϯҲڲ֣ͱˡ
ز̲̫ϲλҲΪʲôֻҪ̲ϲģ϶Ҳϲ˲ٶ˵
ϴ裬һƯѣѾͷӶһ裬Ц˵Ҷдأ̫̫ҲŹģȻô
ĵ׺ܲΪȻ
ĵĸһͷһӣǲٹ
ʱˣ̣Цӯӯ˵̷ԸҹͷȽŵһ棬ϻҪӷϴء
ñɩˡæһɰ͸񣬡ȥҶлɩ
ӦˣǮתҪߣӸϽȥµߵĴѾͷ
һֱ͵СԺ棬ӲתһݾͿԼҹڷƢ
ָϵķ˵Ǵ򷢽лأôᡣ
ϰһ࣬һ뼦˿棬ʲôĿСġ
˲;ںŪԼªķˣܳƵϾĶ֣
˵ˣıŵöȥ죬סڱ˼ңЩա
ü㻹˵ǶǺˣɩ磬ûĴ֮
ӵǲһЩȰ˵Ҫӷϴôһæء
ƲƲ죬׻ڼ˷ȻڴϢ
ݲŲô룬һɩԼĳˣ㲻Ҳñš
ҶĹ檣ʾǸһǿĺġ
ľͷһԭĶأԩˣ߶ᣬƵͶ·֮ʱ̽Ծ


88 
еľ, һʱЩġ
ȷɶ, ĻͷȴҶ衣
̫ܣƽ檼Ĺϵ۾ʺסƵģǷǣСоͰٰԼ, ƾһ, ͹ʮذ˻صġ
Ҷ鷿￴һ飬ľԺ, Ϸ, ͺһ䣺ʲôأô񡣡
̧ͷһʱݺݵصһۡ
Ҷŵͣס, ǰ, Сʣô, ҽû㡣
յƺȲ衣
Ҷ۲ΣƺûҪ˵˼, , ݶ, ָԼ˲, ûһöúˣ
̧ƤЦЦܹ
Ҷһ㶣֪Σ٣ɵشͣΪˣһѵԣ
ݷ²յ˲ǣôûôң½Ӷ֪һѵˣʵ̫ˡ
һ㣿Ҷٸί̲סָͷһһĻϽֲСʱ˯һȸءҵƱǲǶˣ
˵Ҷ軰һ١
ѽˣ¸ԺˡҪǧ˽ǮģҲ֪ĸɱСˣȻһȫսɰ־ˡ
ò£ضƽ
ҶŭǧǶôһǮǮƣͬɱ˸ĸúýѵһƽûԼ¡
ţȥǰͷһ¡
Ҷ輱æߵǰ߰ƽнݺݵһͨ鷿ĵϹʱңҲᲹƽݿ۵Ǯˡ
ƽһƵģòСڵϣίίͰ͵رүû˵֪ǸɰҪ̵أ
ԼͶ֮ǰôһ£һԵȫֵͷϡ
Ҷ죡Ҷ㱻ˣûڣϵĶͲҪһʺֻҪûš
֪ˡƽͷɥ
ϣԺһϯ棬ӷϴֵ극Ҷ˵Ѳ࣬ʹԼ˽óһѵĺӣѴ
ݾһһؿš
ų˴󷽣ԼϱҲڳ벻ҪһԼѵѪԵĲࣿ
ֿˣֿݣȻָһƥƵӶҶ˵ƥ̡
Ҷ㶣׵Լ
Ӧþƽ㲻һͬʣҲܰᵽ֨ȥ
Ŷϱ棬ͱֶŮôö˵ԼĶ˭͸˭ǲڳĶϱһ˿òŰݹżңҪﲻ̹ˣ㲻˳ô죿
Ҷ˷ӦæݣƥӾ͸ѡ
кôҪײҪһʵˣαЦелȻʾȥˡ
Ҷ˿ΪѾݣһʱ߾ֻһѾͷźô٣ѵʱ깤
㿴ݣߵѾͷ٣ĸأȥŰѾ
ߵѾͷ̫ࣿüë΢ԭҾ˵ҪǾԺѾͷ̫٣ֻ˾ˡԺĸѾͷҲడǼҪźңźүҪϸæأڵóָѣ
ߣ˱ִ֣»̣˺ӡҿͽŽѾͷԺҲĸλרź߻￴òã
õǹеӣֻݵ˽ǮŲ˰װء
ԼѾͷȥɻ
һƪҶ˸ôסˣҪǻǰүڵٵʱٸ˶УɽղͬգүˣҶˣҲòϸ
ҶûԹɫ̹ɵ˵ĸҲҪˣҲñɩѾͷæԼͻһкӰء
úӣǧӰˡԺĻ࣬ͷΦȥź㡣Ҷ˾ֶŮ̫̫ˡ
ѽǧǼң߻أЦú飬ֿҶˣǸЩˣɴһʮʮ֤ñһų˽ŽдҹӦеųأߵ̫٣̫ˣľ͸ðð
ûԼǮݵĿʹúܣǽ軨סƤӰˡ
Ҷԣһͣô۱ֶŮԼĶӰ˵ҵ׻㸻㣬ÿһ˵ģҪŽ·أ
ݰӱúܴҶֻоԼ̫Сˣȫϡһ˲䣬С鲻ɵһЩһɽ󰡡
ܶͷαԼæɩǧΪ̫ƷѣȻҾͲüסˣǻؼȥɡ
Ҷλشϱ⻰æ˳̨׾£㣬ֻܰסšȻ㶼˵ˣǾʱˣȻΪءҵ⼸ӣһ̫࣬ù£øոΣūͳȺ±˻˵лֻʱ̰˶أ绹Ҫù˶̫֣Ӱ顣
ͷ˳Ӧ͵ĸ˵ǡ
Ц
صԼӣ̾ͺ
æŰҶ͵һϲ̵ض˵ҶǺģôӣʮˡ
ԼҹΪŮ˵ȱԲȱױȲõŮÿµǰһأû뵽˸ѣ˵ŮĴ
⼸Խˣüëһ۾һɣƤǳģǼƥϡҼ޵һ˼ңʲôöûУ
ҲĬĬŵҵģ͵ĸ˽´Э飬ߣĸһź¡˼֮£̫̫Ű͵Ҷ
ҿӸղž͹غԺţ˵Ҳ¹⻰ᱻæֺȰҶ˵һƬģ
ԽԽ𾢶೤ӣҪ˵ʲôʲôɩǻ䶼ΪҴ㣬ʵ̭أʲôߵ̫٣ʲôһų˽ǳЦǸŮ𣿡
ú飬ûѺɹͷ
ӣӲͷƤȰǸҶ֪ôҿҶ˵ǸˣضڱĴġ


89 
ֻƽ̻֮, ӹñϲ㣬ࡣ
Ҷ˵ıɩ̫̫Ϊ, żдССһУҪչɷ򣬻ҪĵӵŮĸŵŮ˼֡
̫̫Ȳ̧, ҲݴѹǸŮ׼һݼױ޳ȥ, ʲô¡
ƫƫǸֵ, 㲻ôľɣڼеò̫ذ, Ȼ͵͵ͰĽС˺ˡ
һҹС˴ҹ˸ƼˣȻ浽̫̫ǰ̫̫ţѹӣȷʵѳõĶ
һˡ
үòѪôλС㣬ô˹˵ȥӶûˡ
̫̫ʮŭԭΪһŮԼʲôôһ, ӵŮܵӰˡ
Ϊ˿淢, СϢ, ү涼治ס̾ԶԶߣٲ
ҲУ˵ף
㱾ΪԼŵɫ׵ҪŹŵĲ´ЬģôҪ߿ߣĺô죿
̫̫˼룬ҶԩͷҶ˺ģ͵ﵹǸ⣬ضٰ˸˻ġ
үصشСһ٣ȻԼѾͷȫˡڼ䣬һѹûҪ˭顣
̫̫һѾͷź㣬Ǻӡ
ȻźʱȽ϶̣Ҳס˰ҡԶָǵͰһ㣬ӲͰƴճˡ
Ȼδʮ׼ȷһԼҹﷸ˴ԲűԶԶߡ
֪ĸע棬ضĳĴҶҲδ֪࣬˴µɹģһ˵ߵ̫٣һӦǶԷǲǻ֪ЩģﺬɳӰ˵
ӿȰ˺һӣ侲ϴЪˣ˯֮ǰĥţԼܼ޸һأ
գݺҶȥ밲Ժͬ밲㡣
һü˳۵ģҶ踣һ磬͵ͷȥ࿴һۡ
Цǰװģ˭ᰡҲֻԭɵģŵ˼ױء
˰ù緹ҶЦеؽ㣬ȥɩԺ׽׽˵Ļ
㺦ߵؿһۣ˱ɩ徲
ţšЦøãȥأߣȥҺúд㡣
ݾô㾶ֱˣҶ˶Ҷ˵ˬ죬ܵҹȻû
Ҷܲ⣬ƺùͷëëġתһ룬ѵǱرԵ
صСԺȽݲɿǣ֡
֪ĻǹģյһȲѣҲֻüװһϲӡ
ã£ԼţȥðòҶݲȡ
ôʹãѾͷȥˡ
Ҫ̧ƨ|ɣͱһѰ˻ȥ˵ݵĲúˣ㻹ͷһأһҪҵա
Ͱ￴㣬̧ȥԱߵӣָݲȣʲôأ
Ϣ̶һ²裬ˣȺյԸ̶Ѳţߡ
ص͵͵ȵðˣյ趼ûУôɰͰ͵صֱλɩǲǹԼ
ЦۿѾͷˮҲΣʱ򣬱ÿ쳢
̶ǰһ㣬лһڣζǰȹЩȷʵҪöˣֻǲ̫֣ƺѾ˺һˡ
֣ҲҶ췢ʣһź
ѽݸҪ͵վԣҪȥķأɳٲãһ˿ʱžҪˡãţȥȥ
һֱ΢ЦͻȻһѸٻָɩԱ㣬žˡ
ֲôϲأǸˡݿһ䣬ȻʩʩȻȥ
ȻյķͶˣֻصӣյϢԼСʱȥ㡣
һݣݾ˼ǸñõôãҵĴú˵˵ģ㿴Ҽϵĵأֶ࣬ĶĶ벻ҡ
ݴЩԿɰˣ԰ʲô˭֪ܼأ
㲻ɵƵˣæɩܸɣ߶ͣҲǱĸԱɩĿءһǲɩˣҲûȥˡ
һߣһ߿ҺòײпգһÿԸǼҵ飬һûȥأЩء
ԣĽŲøˣɩһ磬ҾͲɩϢˣ»ɩ˵
ߣ»
˵䣬ѾԺſڣŲɿȥЦһǵ£浱û֪أ
صԼԽԽ϶ݾǹⵡԼƲˡתתӣȡʮӳӣȥһ±ɩ顣
̻֮ңӻеģүԼŮʣµиתǰĶӡˣֺ£˲˵졣
˵ĸѾͷ־ᶨΪһӾͳݵ飬Ҷ˿ɾδˡ
һЩǮۿˣӳִ󷽣̰Լ֪ǵ㶫絹һ㣬˸ɸɾ
תһȦˣŻȥظԼҹ
һݾǸģ۾ԲˣȻ󼥷ߺأϵϴɾûǳںɩ
ѾȰ˵ҪעˣԼȥ˵һλҶǸˣܼ˵ҶүҲεġ
Ҷ貢ǺܸȤλٺãǳ׵ˣɲԸء
Ĵ飬ܿʹ̰ͼӵУҲ˸ǰԺǰŸߣžͱ˸ˡ
գüͷһһɢǮȻݣλô֣ˡ찡Ƶģ򴦴򶴡
ֲ̲ϲλأһ̾û۹ã׼
ݱ˵ЦˣҪ֪˵󣬾ԲġҪ˵Ǿһ
ҡͷܲͬδ̧̫ˡ
Ц
˸߽ࡢ꣬оӵľͲһˣ񲻶ҲûֻͣЦӶ࣬ȥҲзˮˣҷʵĶԼҸˡ
ݾͲûȥ̽Ĺĸ⼸ڤ˼룬λС檵Ҫˡ
ôһȣԼ׬ء


90 
, ҶͥҶ˾ˣҶͥһ洩, һҶ˵Щ緹ҳҪš
Ҷ˿һ۴ɫȵô, үҪȥ
Ҷͥ⣺쵽ˣȥתһȦ̵ˡ
£Ҷ˲ҵ, һźүϴһߴѾͷȥ緹
ҶͥͼҴҳ, Ҷſ, Ȼת, Եĵ˵ү࣬Ҳţǰղ˼ӣ֪ط˼ҵǽհɣһȥ˵һ, һ׼ʱŵġȥ׼һݺ, ȻøҹĿ
ֵͷӦ, ЦʣҪ̳ô
, ѾҲϡҶ˵, ̾һ, , ׾ۻ, оˣԵˣϾҵˣҵİѡùү
ЦȴΪȻ
ϲȴλֵֹģ˵̽ɢģôǱ˸ϳˡ
һ£˭һԴԼĹѪ¶ŲʣֱӶʮδıáҲͷ˺ģϵ˵ǼŲɣֵ뷨ϸһ²źá
Ȼϲ£˵ҲͲˡ
Ҷ²Ѿͷȥ֪ͨݺ㣬ҪǴúһ㡣
ЩԾҶ˵ؼôãûӦͷһؾȻΪ˱á
ҶЩЦ˵ʲôΪ˱ãѵͲܳˣ
ǡݳЦЦ
Ҷּöôˣܲһֱɣǳ޳ȥúá
ָֻ᲻ء
Ҷ赹ûԼ룬Ц˵ҲȻˣϡһӣ˵ģǣҶƵġ
ٺ죬ȥѣΣ׼͡
֪Լŵ壬ϧλᡣкܶƯΣûһԶȫͷϣרȥˡ
ݴһѣɫСǳȹͷϴһ֧鲽ҡմ࣬ԣĵһƵģԽ޶ˡ
˲ҡбһվӵʱҸоƯξҪϻô£ֻҪͷôžˡ
㴩ǳɫ£һ׳ȹͷֻһӣӯӯǳЦվ崿
ȲɫشһݵĴţ﷢һЦȻǸûˣⱦģͺ±˿Ƶġ
룬ȴǡô΢Цǰ񣺡ĸɩ
ֲЦˣǵŵ棬˳Ϳһ䣺ÿ
ĵ⣬Ҳһ䣺ɩÿ
Ҷ˿εĶϱٿصıֶŮȥһµʱֻõ߰ɣʱ
Ž֪ظϣ֪طдѾ˵ŮǣָһѾͷˡ
˵֪ط˾ԥҪҪҶˣ
ξۻᣬĶЩټŮ죬˵ҶͥѾжΣҶ˵ģҶһһλүѾţѱһо١
˼룬֪ط˻ΪѵظҶӡǶһŮͶѣҲûʲôҪġ
Ҷ˼·ֻһͨͨѾͷ
ǰҶ֪ظ֪ͣطԳӭӣ㣬ͻ֣Ĵͷһء
ҶȻһ˲ܿ͵óһɰѾͷ鷳ˡ
һֱעԼţ״æסĸ첲ѵע¡
ˣָԭǰ㣿ʲôأ絭Ȼܡ
ҶЩжݵֱ
Ϊ̻Ů͵ĻԼ㣬һ֪ظЩŲĻǺ棬΢΢ͷشܡ
һ·ԺĴ֪طףȲЦͬҶ˴к
֪ط£λѾˣֻʣ¿ſڵƫԶλûмգҶݺȻЦ˵
֪ط˴ͻǺһ׵ģϴЦУΪ˷ֹԼ©˭ĳλʦƵģλĹȥġ
ĬĬСʱʣ֪ط˵Ŀ㿴ҶЦ˵ƫƫ¶࣬һпɻã
ͷ˼ǹңءҶʮֶݣЦŻش
֪ط˵ͷֿһݣҶˣĶϱ
һŵʱͽܹˣǺ˰ʱ֪طֲǵˣҶæһѣʾվһǵģҶϱ
֪طǺЦɨۣЩĵĿ˵һģ˵꣬תҶʱһЩ˵үʮֿ̿࣬ҶүȻˣɾ͸ֵҶүȥˡ
⻰Ҷ˺ܰЦø⿪ģļˡ
֪طֵҪҲҪϧӣҶүźҲٰɣλϱᣬӦöలżϳɵİ
̲ס̧ͷһۣ֪ط⻰ָĿɲͨѾͷܵÿ˼үͨСǲϳɵĶҪʣ治֪ÿ̫˻ֽ̫
Ҷ˿ݣȻźض֪ط˵ȻСչүǺĵģԺźҲء
֪طȻذҶ˿еźˣͨͷҲͰˣֿһԾ㡣
Ĭһ˲ʵ벻λҶ˼״̽ܵҵıֶŮ
֪طЦ̾ԣһͼǲˣˡ
ҶæеŻúء
֪طȻʵ˼ңʲôģ
ûأĸ˽ܵ飬ͰϣҶߡұҲкüӣҲϰĶ
Ҷôһͣ̾Ͷˣץصʣ̻Ů
Щټҷˣ˭ﻹûŮˣڵճŮʵʱ򣬾ͻЩŮƳֻҪܽ׼ңҲʧΪһϵŦ
ҪǰҶôһ˵϶кü˸ͣڲȴǰҶүλˣ˭ҶҵӣỹƵԶˡ
֪ط˵ĵλߣ̧˭̧˭ÿκ˵ɫҶ˵Ļ䣬ϵЦԵ˺ܶ࣬ҲһֻۣǾףıֶŮٵԵˡ
ʱâڱεģȴǼǿҵģվҲǣҲǣоԼϲ̨СƵģԽԽ̲סͺȦ
֪طü΢΢һ壬ȲҲοȫһǵ̬ȣתͷͱķ˵


91 
һγû˼͸ˡ
ݲϲ֪طһ߸ϵ, ԸԼҶҡ
Ҷ檳Ⱥأ
㱾ЩΪŮԱ, ټǻ˸, Żµط, û֪Ҳ͹ȥˣͷһسžͱشˡ
Ҷɵģֱ, ̬һصңĻذڰ֣˵ˣҲȥЪŰɡ
ί, Ըȥˡ
ݶһ, ԼЩ, һ˼ûɵġ
űȹүǿüķϣֵ˲, οȲ衣ϾȻôôһ仰, ɽԶס֪ط˿ǣȻҲпϵ, ǧΪЩ˷Լ, ̫ˡ
ҶǿЦЦ, յȲ衣
ֵ֪طһ仰˵ˣȽүֻҪ밲ء
⻰һ˵Ҷ࣬пأүȻˣҶӻȥүվøߣߵøԶ˵ţƲңҲƨˡֲֻһңҳȥߡһ첻ףľһҲŲ¡
룬ȻȥүϹڰɣҾͲˡ
ݻصСԺϴһҳѣҶƵشνˣ˵
ôûеʲô񣿡
ءЦﶼû˵һ£οҡ
ˡҶţǰҲȥ֪ظϣǴ˼鼫ܵġ
ιԺȥǸû
ûС
治㣬Ϊ˷ҵĿˮǣװĶǵ𣿡ݿѵģʽǰȥңʱ٣˼ܶ㲻飿ȥԣǻ᲻㵱ϱ
ҶûûСͬɶ
ԽԽһȥԶλãСʱŵȵ֪ط˺˵ܹ˵ʮ䣬Ȼûˣһֱ֪ѹ𣿻·һ仰Ҳû˵
ҶôŶеѿʱشˣȭͷٲȥˡ
ݣ֪ĵ֪طˣ֪ġ˵֣ΪԼڰݼʺأ
ˣԺȥңﲻȥҲȥҶ赽Ǹˣӱ裬Ҳ
ΪȥʵҲǺȥģҪΪ˸ҸԵҿ˼⼸ն뻹ŽӦ꣬ʱҾͽҪڼչ㣬ˣǧǰ˵©졣
֪ġҶıŵ󣬾ҪϢ
ǿ⸱ӣһţȥù飬ٲ֪ط˲ӣֱֵЦˡ
ҶæڨЦأҼôҲֲЦ
¿˵׼ݲ̵ذˣȻԼϣϢ
ļ죬Ҷ飬ĴˣųŵĴԽ࣬ϣԽС
Ҫô䲻ϱˣҪôҶԷҾãƷԲ
һȥģԽԽ꣬ҶǰӲװһ˳ʵģ˽ȴ˺ܶƢ
գ˸մͻһžͺҶӭײˡ
ҶǰЦظҶ񣺡ˣô
ŵĿģ˭˲֪ҶǸֵӣ֪һ¹ҵĸܣôʳˡ
Ҷɫ˲ЩÿܶϣЦãֶŮôô˳أ
һ԰㣬ȻǿŤת⣬ʶӣղʲôȥˣ
Ҷ轾ػش𣺡鷿￴أЩƣ͸͸
ҶοһӾͺ˺ࣺܶǸҲҪעӣᣬ߶߶źá
˵̧ͷλ硣
ҶòӢһ¸ԳҹӵȣݣһӭͦΣҫĿʱ򣬴ԼöԵʣĶš
͵һⲻǵºôȥЩЩ˼һȵϱ磿
ݣǹүĵӣǸӣǰ;ѾţҲָտɴԶĸԼţܲԼ࿴
бõĶ
ֻǡһ㲻ãѾסλɩΪǡ˵Լ̻ȲЩټС㣬϶¹ǿܶ౶
ʶ֣ɩ϶Ҳʶ˰ᵯ٣ɩ϶Ҷû
ߣ绹ûӣֻҪڱɩ֮ǰ¶ӣˮܵİ취ĥñ˱ɩԼλ
ɣүܺù̻ӵޡ
˼ƽϣʱһֻȻʵĸоԽԽ̣ٿҶʱĿͲɵش˰Ľݵζ
ҶҶ˵Ż㽻㣬һӾͶסˡ
ϲؾʾˣԵεεģģһ˼ˣ˭ܲһӱ
ᱻݵСţҶǵӵģʱõ˼㡣ΪԼñøġ
ǣҶĵҶ˵Ϳˣܴűóţͷ䣬ڼϢϢʲô£ȹ˵ա
˶٣ֲһ䣺ݳɫضһݺԵġ
ı밲ο㣬ŮӣֻҪ޲ȥǳġ
룬⻰Ҷ˶ͬռƵģĶӼʱıˣѵ
Ҷ˿㣬ٿӣʱΪԼʲô˲õĴܡ
֤ԼĲ룬ӴߣȻصԺźˣáô
ҶЩϾĶѾףֶŮҪԸ⣬ǿɾֻˣˣﻳһΣ׮鷳¾ôˣ־öԲɩ
ĸߴģҧŴֹ·Ӧ±˵Լ̫ḡ
ҶǹˣһֶŮ飬֪ٳһ롣
һĸõġЩҲˣŵԵĺ治ңкõģͱ˴СͶˡ
֪ͺɩ㿴Щѹ
Ҷ̾˿֣⺢ӣԿ䣬ͱ˼ֻԺֵĹӸ粻һĴڼ飬һøҪܸɡֻϧѾȢɩ
ĸ˵Ҷ˵ϥϣͷ˵Ҳ⣬ϲ磬ֻҪܺͱһҶĸԸ


92 
Ҷ˱شˡ
ϲԼĶ, 檶⣬Ҳһ֤˶ӵ㡣
Ҷһ, Լ£Ǹɵô磬檶ν
ûٱԼ, ˭֪ҶֲһҲأ֪, ҾͲǹͷˡ
Ŵ, ߵЦЦ
ҶĦһӿͷί, ôｻǰ㽻ͷ˰һصңʲôȥɩ
ĸס֣ȻᶨίҲίֻҪڱߣʲôҪأҲ᲻뿪ⱲֻúТ˳ź
ҶʮֶݣβŵѾ, ֻ, һ˼, ɩ
˵ǳ̬ҲҪȵõ޵ͬ⡣
λͨһҶǰþȫչʾԼ⣺ҳªԸⱲӶˣֻһТ˳ĸҲ˼ͣһ£ֵɩԶҵıɩҾΪȣͱΪҶ϶
ô£ɩôðͳҼ˸ˡҲˣȻȥЪţ̽Ŀڷ磬˵ġ
׹̲ĵӦ¡
ߺҶ˸ϽԸȥ鷿үнֶһȥҲһˡ
Ҷúܿ죬ºյһߺȲһƵʣʲô£
ȥɡҶ˰ѽͲĴ򷢳ȥ
Ҷأɵ˺ģؿ
Ҷ˴սЩʣþôңвУ
ॡһҶŵûĲǣԺ󣬷ɽβˮֱϡ
ϽѲյźãҶæӸֵ֣ˣȸ趼רģû
ģûšҿǶ죬ٹ̵ˮóöþͻ
ҶͻȻϵľˣȥĿȣҿûг⡣
Ҷ󷽷ظˣСȶǺָͷôһۼָԭǲܵģȡ֮һӲӲķۺ
ҶȦ̺ˣʵģëëôĵ¡
Ҷ費Ҹʵ飬ΪǣݣǿԼ־úܹⲻȥæòס裬Ǳˡ
ҶԼҪ˵Ļ˼תصϣ˵ҲƼˣΪãûһȾҲû˯߲ɣͲ͵ģмҵõʵģѵһҪ겻ɣǶϳʲôˡոҲãԭǿ㡣
Ҷ辪ȵüû뵽þ˼йϲԼҶԷòҲ˵һĿ϶ԼĶõ˺ܴ㡣
ҶͦͦأƲס¶һ˿ı飬װģظ̾Ҳǿ
úһңѡȥ̫ˡ
ȲӦҲԣЦЦ֮ζ˵
ģͬ˵ҶæƱ
ǳ̬Ҷ貢δô˾кβף෴һȱ߳ԺС
Ȼϴ̽ڻ԰վվǵݴƢһεȴһ
ȣݣɲǸܱȵġΣǳ׵ĸˣδ顣һų棬ô˳
ţеȵġ
Ÿոտ磬ƫƫݶֻҪһðµͷǺüŭĿضԴ
ô죬ʱ˱ãܰҹڸˣ᲻Ըأ
˵ԼȹʹŶˡ
ѾͷͨʱҶ˸Ͻöȶ㵽ڷȥ˾ſӭײˡ
Ҷһݣ֪ôģȻһ˿˿顣ִ֮࣬ڸǲסϲá
ƣһү
ţ˵ҶɤӣЩҿ̧ߵ÷ɿ졣
ݲɫתǰҶ񣺡ʲô£
ҶЦݴȰ֣һϲҪ㡣
ȥҪ˵ʲô
Ҷݵ֣˵үôãûиӣţҲøˣֵһЩϵĵӾûôˡ
΢Цţһԡ
ҲڴӣҶĳϴ֪ط˻⻰Ҷܲ˼ιȥˡﲻ˭˲أһ֣Ҳһ㡣
ݶ˵ֱ֮ԱǣɫǺƽЦؽ˵ǣƽʱҲĥءүǰ߾ֻһʵ̫ίˡҪ˵ɴʮ˸ЭźүһˣŽصĶÿ
ҶЦˣЦЦž;仰ôĪе죿ϸһ룬ⲻǵүҪڣϱ˵Ļô
ʱôģ
ʮ˸үֲǻˣǻ
ҶŮ̫࣬үͿգıҶ裬ȻҲⷽĹǡ
û뵽ǹ˵ַģֻСǺָвУʮ˸Ҳ̫ˣүҪž鿼״Ԫء
ݻӻĻڽӴȣʲôҪģҪ᲻ӣѾͷǮҳˣһò次Ūģʮ߶ʮ֤үҹҹɣþ׸׵󡣡
⡣ѹҶռıˣ룬ҪҪ򼸸òѾͷӦҶķ|顣
һ룬|ͱţֵԼ˷ӡֻҪٺˡ
Ҷ˾⻰ֵֹģǺүһžҪ˵˵ǼҾүһ磬ڽӴѵҪĴ£Ӧڵһλġ
ʱҲѧŹͷŪЩľƳǵֶȥӲү֪ģүǸԵĺƢΪ˱֤ƽ¶մӾͷһÿȥү˯ұ֤һ꣬ջŮˡ
˵ЩʱʼնЦЦü䣬һı飬·ǴĵʵΪҶƵġ
Ҷ˲˵ãЩЩԾ˴סˡ
ðΣҶ˲żѵػع񣬶ٸдſڽ㡭


93 
ҶͶڸ, һĵߵ̸
ݻﳳҲס, ϣǽ, ֻڻƵ, ϰſǽȥ, ͵Ǳߵ̸
տʼ˵ĥͨ, Ҷﻹܸ, 벻־, ǲɵ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Խ, ˼ôԽԽأ
ͺ񡭡ͺԼµ, оûбô
Ҷغͷܲˬ
һߣݷԼƺΪְŶеˣЦ̾һпȻǼûлλ, ֻҪŬŬ, Ҳүϻʵ۰أʱ, ʮһ, ҿ, ˭Ľ֦Ҷï, ÿһȰ
ҶǿһЦҲûʲôõģֻЩһУ뷨ǲԵġ
Ҷ˵ʲôŮ̫׻ү֮ĻѾϵЦؿ쳣ࡣ
˵Ҫүңû˵ӦӦˣԸ򼸸ƯѾͷôֲˣ
Ҷ˸оͨϰòĵȰֻһ̸Ūһӵݺݺ࣬ʲôӡŮ̫࣬仰Ҫ꣬Ͳ̫޶ȡ
Цꣿʱ˲źأǮĹѸ
Ҷ˼ֻˣ¶ǳϱһƪĺϽ˵صϣҲнģܲʲô˶ȷ˵ֵطŮˣҪǸؼͷһҪôȥ
òҪãƷҲҪã˵ıþ㣬ҲϤദôãǸʲô㻹˽ôһˣƽʱҲ㣬ôʵְģͷϹң;ɣ֪֪ףοԼҲԸ⡣
գ۽ޣյȲ衣
֪Ϊ¶ߣҲҪ䵽Ҷͷϡ
ʵҲбס
ҪǲӦŵһͻΪȣͷʸ֮߳ƾһǾ˵Ը뿪ҶңȥڵӣƾʲôҪһأҵ
ߣԭˣǸмŮڵطôŲأ
ӦĻȻӦֻҪɾͺ¾ˣȥԼȵıǩ
Ҫһǣ͵ıãΪɩ治ʰҪǳС檣ݾԼ޵ݣԲˡ
ΣԼͷųҲ㵽һȥΣϲΪǿֻҪԼռʰҲɺܶࡣ
ҶҲִ£ϱҪúһҲӦõġ
ݺ˰յ裬ˣ̧ͷ΢Цүأү뷨
ҶҪʶȤ͸նؾܾҪˣԸδ΢ƴһ
ҪʶȤ
ǺǡЦ
ҶͻȻ˸һ󷢺ܿ˿ĻϣæĽЩ̿ȻЦŶ˵Ӧõģȥ
̿ûǯ˰ΣĻݶ޵Ļ⣬һƬ侲
ҶڸڵȵĽͣһѾͷˣʹ̤ؾ͹ˡ
ݡҶкԥһ£ݵߡ
̧ͷȥԼЦúֺãȻ֮䣬ֻȱȱ
գգۣҶ裬ʣղź˵£ү֪ˣ
Ҷûаʱһϲֻûæͷţ˵˲Žȥġ
ү˼أ
ݵظοҶһʱ⣬˵ûʲôҪǲԵĻİɡ
΢΢˵ͷ֪ˡ
Ҷд󶨣ЦǶֿˣȥݵ֣ͻȻ˹ȥվм䣬ЦӯӯضԼĸ˵ȻӦˣЩصҵġ
Ҷڴؿ˵
ҶҲŵֻ˵Ҫ¡
Ҷ˻˴뱲ӣȻүǺܿÿģǻ뵱꣬һʱҲ˺ܾáϱôСЩʹģͶЩա
ޣ檣𱰲ҡ̧ͷͦأʹߣȫɢŵ޲еϣ֮ǰ͵ıãΪɩʳסȻҪȫ檣ݻ׿Ҫ˲źãС檵йһһأҽվţͲš
Ҷ¶ΪѣȻ˵ûⲻǹĥô
ҶΪ˵Ķԡ
С֪˾͸ҵģҾӦޡˣҲû˵ֻǵ˵ͷҪòã߲㣬ֻܷ
Ҷ˱ȰҪΪƣ˶⻰Ҳͱ첻˵ˡ
ŶҶ¶һ͵΢Ц
㰲ַˣŰ޳ȥݾҲЩʲôڣľ|ײɾ͹ֲˡ
ֵһҲҡٵˣүҲҪٳģԺƽͷܰģԣû֮ǰС檲С
ҶŶʮ꣬ûǷŲںأǲ
Ҷĥһ£˵ȻҲϲģҪǶϱһӻϣѵҶҵĸҪ
ݳҶЦЦģ϶иʱƵģҪһϣͣС檵ҩΣ
ҲŶʮ꣬Ҷ˶ʱһ˵á
г갡ȲôáߣҪʱʰмŮҲˡ
˵ƺһжѾ̸ˣҶ⵽ԼĶϱҪֲһ£ҲԼıֶŮԵǱ˵˵ռҵƷŵùˣ£Ϊţ϶ġ
Դɻؿԣôң
ҶЦеĿⷿöҲ֪ϲʲôģͽеһˣȥ
ĿⷿԿҶûȥ˵ҲǼٵġ
ԣһЩؿҶˣգʣֻһ𣿡
ݵĳܳǰҪȻʧɫҶ˿˹ɣ̲סʹһأĶǵģ˵һʮҲûϵ
̸оԼЩ˵ģõ˸οʵ¶һõЦҾ֪ңϾҲýȢӰ
Ҷɫһ㲻ѣҲֶ֪Ůֻ檵ġ
ҶıԼֺݣԸµһȥ
Ťͷ¿һۣȻΪѵشӦˣ͵Ǹİ˹ɡ


94 
ⷿԺߵĽΪֻҶôһ, ͱ˼һĺ, ҶүǸȽģôЩ, Ҳ˲ٵļҵס
صһƿ, ݶʱŵ˽Ǯζ
˺ͽǮȣ϶ѡ߰
ݵ˺ܶ, һŴСС, һЩϺüҾߣÿֻ涼űעŵʲô
ݰȥ뱭ֱ̾Թ, ǴŲϵľͣ, Ըִ򿪣һ͸Լ˼ʮƥӡ
ͷҲ, ԸԼĿү, ȰҰͻȥ, ȻϽһˡ
ЩôԼݾ, ϱӴźͲ, ⱲӲôղغö
ҶһֻСӷ˼Ѻ, , ûп, ҲԸ⶯ֻᡣ
ⷿصأΪεѾͷҲûʸģˣֻš
ƽʱҶ˲Ұۿۣһ߹ȥˣñҪǲҪʱˡ
ˣݾͶԵ˵ô죬ү϶ûʲôֽ
ֺǺǵģҪٿЩģȥˡ
лˡ
ʮˣӸˣһƣѾԴһֻӣүһļθÿ
üһֻŷôԼð鱦Σ֮أæǰôһˣ
ݻͷֵؿһۣѵͷĶҲ
Ů˵ƱҲֻĶˡ
ҶӻֻһЩΰˣֲǰ׻ӣ˵ŲСˡ
ЦˣǸɵӣѵģֵ䵱˵ûУ
ΪҶߵͷãĵΣ˼תÿ죬ѽү˵ģȻ˶˵ˣһֺαΪ˵أ
ǣֺС벽Цȥֻϻøװ
ݣһֻ̫ˣֻɡ
ֽŲһû̵Ŀ󰡣θҲ󰡣ϣһ֪ͦס
źָܶΡ֮ģһ󲿷ֶҶʱģͺĴƫţȻֵסϲεĳ嶯һõľͻԼϣ￴ҲһҸ
ԣ֪䣬ͻ˴ӵĸɫΣֱƵġ
Ҷ豾βȤý軨׷ĵֺõض˵ôྐྵȻԻңҲòϡ
ôشȻЦˡҪͰҶƳֻ˵үõġ
ϻӶװˣֿ۽Ƕ˳顣
һⷿջķᣬҶҲ˳˺üСּˣϽţȻȥˡ
Ҷ˵ֵ㶣סһ˿˿ۣҰοҪô󣬳綼ҪϵġȻվؿڣҵȥЪȥɡ
һֱעԺĶ䵣ݻᷴԣԾͽкͷ̽Ϣ
̴ܻӦˡ
ģ˼ˣתȦʲô˵ҪҪȥָ
˰ɣӽͰͣ˵⿪˿ⷿϲߵļѾͷ˲Ű꣬ү̵ء
һ̾ըˣǸƤǳģû棬ŵĶԼᣬôôҪأ
ҶеĶӦŶԣֻҪǰͷºӣĺöܸ˭أ
ԣһٶַ棬ܲô
ӣԸʲô취أ
ݺݵصһۣ˼룬ǾȥԺТ˳Ҷˣ顣
֪ȥԺȴӶˣΪָסˣЪˣЩɡ
㲻ߣЦ˵ţѱĸȥǰţҵТġ
ֲ룬λ˵̴ӿⷿ˶ԲŸֱ}
ֺԺؽͣȴ粽ã˯ʱϲǰˣǧ
ĵײ̫㣬ܸоùֵֹģټԽݸԸΪ檣͸еֲϲˡ
ºԺҪˣ磬˵̺ǿɶͷݹϵı߻з˳ʤϰ
㴹ͷ룬ֲʶȤԷǱĸߵˣҪڱ˵»ӰĸԼӡֻǿסˡ
һЦͷϸЩűĸһˡҾȻȥˡ
ָߡ

ݺҶ̵ػСԺ
Ҷ֮ΪݾȻȵɿڣ檡
أᵽ˵ĺôֻǰҶóȥһأžͲôöٶذ
һŤͷҶϲݶʱͲˡ
ôѾˣ³ģһ𣬿µþĿء
ݣֱױ̨ϻӣһͷԡ
Ҷ̸ÿ
һЦȡֻһأ
Ҳÿ
һ˺üҶ˺ÿҲûݰϵĶһӡҿǼΣˤЦҿڷأǲͷɵȥˣ
Ҷҡͷôܡ
㡣ɫԱõĸжǲǷˣ
˵ĶĻҶһϣҪ˵Ҿûⷽһһ׮鷳£Ҳֿġ
ֵľʾˣɫظҩԭľګӣʤǺġ
ϵԼǺǣЦЦҩ£Ҳѽ
ϸ룬Ҳ֡ǲһԶĶˣȻôŮϳˣڼҹ궼
Ҷһ㶣ʶطܣ˵˺ͱ趼ǺܺˡⲻиϣҼɢĵġ
ǺǣԸôôɡתת飬ôЩ죬ҿǴúؾ³ͣҲͷ϶һӣϻﲻһôҲ֪ҲͰˣֻЩ֪ģΪǼҹⵡأ
ҶȻЩţ˵
ĿǰΪֹҶദúޣ涼ûϼأǸĶ󣬻ġ
Ҳôһ˵ˡ˵׼ÿҴýģءҿҲ̫ؾˣҪ񲻺õģֻڸ˭Тء
Ҷʱ͸о̧ܻžҪߣŮ˵Ǹ㲻˵ˡ


95 
ҪҶ檵Ϣܿд, ˿ǰ, ָо
ΨˣǸ, һҲ, ﰵģ, һҪĸѾͷԼǰʹ޻ںޡ
Щ˼ңֱӰС˵Ĵһ, ˡĻС檱ȽϵóģһľϯͨңҲԳС檵档
ݹܼ, ϯҪҪ, ڼʲô, ˵㡣Ϊ, ûԺ, ҶǰװɣĻŭš
Ҷ˽, , ʮ͹, ھƵ粻˳, ôģ
ݵؿһ, ȻתҶˣ˵أ̫࣬һҪҿЩ䣬ȹ꣬˴˵ɡ
һ⣬ҹζ࣬ϽĿ⿴Ҷˡ
ЦЦ᲻صشһ䣺þôȲ
ҶΪû·ϣҪ˵䣬æɩ˵ЦˡҲãû±ɩܼæɩģȹ˵ա
ǸйˣӰ±˶ƷвõĲ룬Բæˡ
ЦЦһһʶģҶ˵ææģܰùأȹ꣬඼æˣʱְ񲻸ã
ҶһҲͲˣЦˣ棬Ҳˡ
Ŷһ˴㿴ǰͷݣղ˵Ǿ̶Ļر
ضż˰ɣҲʶ֣ᵯ٣ֺͱĸףһλȰɣ
ԽԽ⣬ŲźأǾȥò䡣
ݱףڳۻܸ࣬ԳԼԷĴ¶ǰ
꣬ǰߵߣЦе˵һӿ½ͲˣҪæŹ꣬ҪΪҵͣлˡ
Ҷ˵棬ƺΪɩһӣȲغϡ㡱ˣֱڶѶԷϾҪŶ
ִӵĻҪˣȷ˵ԭһرƵú·ĻѡԾ
ԷҪǿҲȻһܡ
۳һ˵ġͲݴ󳳴أΪֵֻԽףװװίЧ͸Ӻˡ
ƫƫݲһˣֻ΢΢һͷʹ˸ɫ
Ϊߵͷѡ֣⣬һյʾ⣬ǰһ֣صһ˦ϡ
̻ûĲ裬ʲô㡯
úãơ
ְˣӦúݺݴͣúüǵûӿڳĵ
һֱӰˡеģɲݵѾͷ򰡣
СˡݻŹģȴЦü䡣
⸱ģʵЦģֱ
ŻˣϽԼҹͬʱַŭ񣺡ôִأ
ͷһֱӺһվȥ
һжǷҶԺӵͥԺ˵ǳӵģһȵʵ̫ڵҶ˶ˣæ߳鿴
ôˣҶ˽ŲҴң̨ס
һˣԭվȵӣͻȻһᣬصڵϣ⽫ǰűȵû¶ᣬίͰ͵ؽеĸ
ѽҶۼˣַ˵
˷ҶϿһȦ䵽ϣüõݣ˵˵ô£˭˾㣿
ݲ˷ԼĿˮأһŤͷվŵģ˵ĸղһֱ棬϶Ҳˣ˵һ˵
ĸץҶ˵ĸ첲û뵽ﾹȻĬĬվһѾͷĶԷƫݣ˵ԼĻ
ݶʱͷˣŮ֮ĹĶǣΪ̫ػˣ˷õ
ڸź꣬˽ģӲ˵ѻʵùͷֲñͨȻҲɵүȥˡ
šҶ˵ͷĹ
һһʮ˵ˣԭࡣ
΢΢ͷֻҪĸ֪ݵѾͷԼУռˡ
Ҷһţѵǰͷڵ֮ǰҾ˵С檾ҪС檵ӣ𱰲ңظܴҼʱͬҽˣ
Ҷ̾æ飺ǸƺˣѣѾͷôҲıء
ݷˣ˵ģȻҪ檣ݻǲҪ˵ĺáǱþͿԲҵĹأǰҲͰˣҪ˸ǰҲү
Ҷ˶ʱȻݳﻹ£ˡȻˡ
·ʱСͦñֱҶؿԶȥıӰβŻعͷεض˵˵ҲûϾû·㻹ȽɩҪһЩ׽Ĵ
Ҫըˣû뵽ĸôϱס⻹ôָԼ
ݻصСԺԽԽøڼլʵû˼һʮᣬֱס
ȥү˵Ҫ˵
ҶǸ֮Ķúܿ죬Ҳӣżɽ˵죬ǰߴǰھƣȲҪ·ˡûôϸ檵ģܾЩֵֹġ
Ҷ룬ʵ벻֣ݻ᲻ˣæ£ͷ˵˵
ݳЦͦµģѾ׷Һءҿؿ󣬲ƽϣҪСһ㣬ñ
ңģһú˵
ȿ˴ǩҲŻϯĲ衣
֣㻹ݾֱ
⡭ҶɫŹˣԥԥ˵û˵ôҪ檵ģ
檣ǻ檣ƾʲôҲû뵽檵ŵ࣬˽̫ˡ
˸֣ͺ˲һˡҶشЩ飬룬ϽԼһãصʼֻ㡣
ֱؿǵȻġҪǸ޵оͷһ㡣
Ҷæ֤᲻ᡣ
ЦЦҪɵģҿɲָҵıӣ˵ŮǣҲҪصģûʽ·֮ǰϣܹܺ°Ҿܹܺҵϴ°ˡ
Ҷһ治ŵؿﶼڼأ㻹ôӴң
ǣΪʲôңëң˵ˣˣҲҪʰ˵ݶݺݵ


96 
ѵҶ輸䣬Ͱȥ, Ҫæ׼ҵ, дĺöϻ, ֳһ, ͸ɩСҡ
Ҷݳص鷿, ոƽͽСү, ˵Ѿͷѱһơ
Ҷʱһøеۣ񳤵ôʵһȥһˡǿ
ȥһ, ֪˻Ĳ, Ϊô۱ء룬Ҷҡҡͷ, װ֪, ܻܱ
㰤һ, е裬ôҲʲ¡
صסԺӺ, ӸϽšһӹ, Ҫ, һ, ס
ĸҲԼأżѽ
һѴ, ҧгݵ˵ʲôҾҪҿɩôɶġ
Ը⣬ҲǿֻĬĬ̾
㱾Ϊ֪ϢһԼģʱҪúÿһΪȥѵɩǾ͸ˡ
ҵȣʼղҶӰӣҪȻˣû취ֻýкȥү
ǽһ·ƵĶߵļѾͷ˻
òףҶ鷿һӣݸƽֺõ˵ͷҴҼҹү
ƽӣأݿ˰깤ǮԭȻүүˣƽǼȱӵʱ
ƽ룬ѣܵһӣֶΪүҪҪȥֲ˵ġ
šƽպӣת鷿
Ҷ˵꣬ҪߣȻ־òȫȥ߿ʲô
ƽȥˣƬ̺żѾͷ׼æͷû̧ء
Ҷ½󣺡ȥһˣţҪңϽҡ
Ҷں˳ղоİȫ·ߣ˳ִס
ӸտԺţ͸˵شүˣ
һϲæһ˵ףӭߣغ硭
Ҷ趨һƣϻһİӡأһʱԼôҶһίˡѾͷǷʰҼʱڳˣһúôİӣ
΢ѾͷҪڳգ㲻үôΪʲôھͷԸȥأ
һ԰ǻǹСεεģʱܹίү˵˵⿪⣬ȥݲ衣
Ӳ۽ǣҶ
Ҷ迴С֪ôοֻ̾ϢһȻǰӡ
Ժ˶û˵Ⱥ˲˳ȥŵ磬Ȳ衣
Ҷ迴ĵһ䣺ӷûУ
ţװʵʲôͷ룬Ȼü˳۵˵ͲˡҲֱܹɩһʱ嶯㡭ɩѾͷңҸܵġ
Ϊĸ״ɣԭǰ԰ģ룬ҶԼһԲעͻᱻݴˣⲻ㻰ί֮⣬ͬص˵ͷɩоֹʧ̵ҲΪá
Ҳװȥˣ𾪵ؿ
죬ûҶǰǿ𱰵ĻҶöˣһǰЩСͨǰʵƵģֻҪﲻЩС檾ͷ̧ġ
ǣֶȰһ䣺ȹ꣬˾ƣѧһѧ˼ҵСô޵ģ͵ǰɩضలµġ
ɫһ࣬һףҧ룬ΪԼŮڼѾܹĮӣѵˣҪٵһȣ
ҶɫѿΪԼ˵Ĳԣ΢΢üǲǲԸ檣ȥ˵Ѱһ˼ң޹ȥޡ
ʱҶ㻹ûжٸ飬ΪദúޡȻģһίģҶ迴΢ϧ͹ˣǸϲݵʻ
Ҷ˵ʱɵˡ
ѵҲ𣿲Ϊʲôϧң̶ǻңȴ˵ҪҼ޳ȥ
һ̣Ҷǲһˡ
Ѿ᲻뿪ҶˣҶĴ࿴ľף뿪Ҷңֻܽż޸һҵס˲šòˡ
ԣܿͷӦ𣿻ǱɩݲңҸҵű淢ģԸһͷڱĸǰҲ޸ˣ
ôҵԣûижҶ裬ŵһԶԶġ
ЩŮ˵ôˣ˵ҪѰ
ǰҲŻǺԼͬھ뷨룬ıãȻҲĺݻ
ĪǼˮãȻôЩһ޶ϵŮأ
Ҷļ̿ͺվݣҼվűãôܲ
ͻȻ䣬е㺦ˣ￴ˣһסһСʣ磬ҪȥĶ
ҲǸˣ˲ϢӲᣬΡΡع۽ǣò
ҶŮԼǰޣ̧ƨ|˻ȥڨڨȥĶ
ҲˣԼͣϲǿЩŮˣϽᣬһЦ绹ͷһĲ衣
һޣһЦҶֻо죬ﰵ棬һյȲ衣
ؿôǱɩ˸ءԴҵ˱ɩƽչҡ
һݣҶȻ˺ܶ࣬ЦͷݹܼҺܺãҲĻҪȱʲôֻܸ˵
Ůˣģæһ⣺סãֻϧʱ˴Լ٣ȻҲż٣ˡ
ҶƣһػشɩͲˣæأСС鶼Ҫ
һͣ⻹ôȥ
ûнĻҶӦæС˳ȥһˣЩӻߣȥɩҪЩߣǹҲ߻𣿡
οһЦеϵˣ֪ӦԼ
㲢ڼӣЦе˵ӾͲˣҲЩ磬鷿û٣㣬ǲһ£
㣬˸٣ĳ㲻ĶϹ
ҶһЦбʧˣ鷿ﲢû١
վߵҶߣЦһѣǰûУڿȥˡ


97 
һƣҶļϡõ, Ҷϸϸ, ƺûһ£
⼸ΪˣҶʱѾ, , תһ룬þԼ, öôˣֺαɷ羰ķӦأ
, ׿һڣʣ٣
ϴЦεεģѽѺٻ, ʱҵ
⵹һ, ҶʶؾͷӦͻȻһҪ, ٵûӰɣ
ɫʣҪӣҴû, ±ҸŪˡ
Ϻõ, ֻ¼ǧ˼ҶδøءҲľˡ
Ŵû, װıȱʹϾ, Ҷֻôһ, ø׬µӲ, ܸ˭أ
Ҷ赹һ, леĵʫ֮ķ绨ѩ£̥С˼˵ԼûǮȷʵò
ȥҵҪӣѹûⷽ룬Ϊʱﻹûٷֵˡ
ĬһҶǿһЦҲûʲôֻʵ̫æˣҪ飬ȥ̵ˣдŵݣҵȥݷñˡǰ¶࣬˵ɡ
˵ţվȻû£ҲˡݻǽģֻҪԹԵģͲΪ㡣
Ҷ跢ԷθȰҲľ̸֮ദֻҪĻܺܶ
ϣȴ飬ֻˡ
ҵʱܵĸĮӣȻԴȱǶûжٹģΪۣһ²Žȥ밲һء
ͣʶѣǸһ룬㳤µıԼСԺ㲻ܼġˡҲֻмÿ»һεĻ
ͲΪСʱͱ˷ȥԼǲԼʲôүʵɻڿ죬ȡ˸ֽǿ
Ҳ֪ѧģչ˻ݺһ֣үͰ½ˡȻѾͷǰѻһرǿˣһرȥ
Ѿͷ鷳ټм䲻Сˤ˺üүİģүͲѾͷҶˣԸǿÿֱӽԺϾС
Ϊôһ㣬һȥģͽˡ
ǿɻ棬棬ϣˮÿһ仨ҶӶϸǾϹģøޡ
ǿԺɻͶĴ͵ſţ˸
һ仨ܵõĵϣԼΪһˣȴϢĸܲ׵һ굽ͷҲֻйʱŻôһˡ
ҪҲǿĻһ㣬Ǿ̫ˡ
ԸѾͷǿͲ裬ڿʡ˵ģӶģǿ˲ͬԺɻõʱԽԽá
˺棬ͽ˵˵ԼίǿǰţȻο䡣
ٺĻܻ״˵ĵģʲôǿͻĬĬذжŶӣǼж󣬾㻨һĹǮҲһԸ
ָоǿദᵽ˺ǻӵĸܡǣΪȫµ˶һףֻҪԼ΢ʾһ£ԷΪģһ뷽跨ɵġ
룬ƫƫҶôһľͷ
㿴ҶߣʱԾˣҲͷװģˣֱ޷޵ԹҲأѵһô
ҶڨЦ
˵һ˵ԼĴƿȸһҪ˵ķʽ
ȣһȻɶˡ
㱧Թ꣬͹ⱳҶ裬Լ춼ûŤͷһԭ˼Ѿûĵߵˣ
ðҧÿֱ죬ʱӴ߽ϵľƲ˶ûֵôүϧЩƲˡ
ƲǶ⻨ǮӳеģΪֲͣ뾪ܼҵݣԲġ
֪Լҹӣ뿪ңֻԽԽ٣ʡŵôУ
˫ԲɣϧʲôѵԼԣ˵žԺƾƣȵЩͷϴ˯ˡ
Ҷӳص鷿ڰ̾ϹȻûʮȫʮˣÿȥô޺˭뵽ſھǼӵأˡ
棬ȻĶĿݣЩģ̣Ҫɱôǿɲһʵˡ
ǰ򶨣΢΢һЦӶˣ͵ءҪһͨӵ·а
򴽣ûٶ˵תͷ緹飺ʱˣھͰڷ
ţڰɡ
ҪҪȥү
ҲҪܶ͸ˣһһϵȵĹľ
ûҶȴŵνˣڰڷͷһϵĲɫܷʢкüԵġ
Ҷֶ࿴ۣһ˫ƵĴְϧ۵Сˡ
뵽ʣ־Ӧͦİɣܲң
æĻտһۣûش𣬸ϴ߹ˣ̲˵˵ôҪıָ
ݹûһƵŮ˸״ҶʶʶȤ
ҪΪ˱óͷݲиȻñðƣһˡ
˵ģʲôҶЦģôҲǸ檣ޣѵӦõġ
ݺЦһΪ˸е⣬ְŮ˵̬ȣˡܹͬ¶Է㡣
Щˣ÷
ҶһȦʼûҵԼ꣬æסߵ񣺡ҵأôͰһꣿ
תݣݶڰ֣ȻŤͷҶһЦ㲻ڱԹôʲôҳԾˡ
ҶǱһֱߣȴŭԣȰҪݵĻȻͻ
˹سţÿ̲˶һ̬ȻѹԱ߻һˡ
Ҷ迴Ե㣬ԽԽԼӶæҵһ룬÷ɢעȻˮɾ̫ѿˣӰԵ
ʵҲô󷽣Ϊͷֳ˼ңݱʹشӦˣʵŻءⲻһлҪˡ
ǰЩ̣һʵ㲻ʲô
ҶʱЩմմϲҪ¶һЦסˣʹؿԼݵôӣĸɷ檣ƶʣƾһҾӦġ
Ҷۣ۲ĬĬԷݣУ᲻ûϡأ


98 
س극һ, Ӳ, ͬʱҶһƮƮ
Ҷ붮ᣬȵصһ, ݸݡ
ݽӹ, һ΢Цڲ, ƵϿҸʲôѵڱûԱ
ˡԴڳԴףҶﻹͦ˵, ʾԼѽǣһ˵æɫѾͷ, ȴ, ȥѡ
ȻأԱˣҲĻˡ
Ǵ, ҹȥʱ, õͨͨءҶп, ·ĽƵġ
ߡһ۾ͿļһЦ, һôˣúѴ, ̫, ´ð, һ㿴ǲǺۣӦһµ, Ͼ˼Ҳϴӷ󣬾רŸ㿴أ
ҶһͷˣͷŮ鷳
鲻αҲ֪͹һͷŮ֮ĹĶǣֻԼӣֻԼǷ
ЩЦʣôǶԱ
ҲǣǡҶŤСֹҺȥȴҪ٣أ
ˣ˲衣
ԭǸʵӣӲҶҶָֻţˣԺƾŻı£Ҷת˺ܶö
٣ʱµȹԼɫΣÿÿҶһöҪԭǰҫ԰һأٷڿ༸䣬ԭһ󲡡
أͰҶ˽ǮģöɾڳݵĶУ֪ӵҪԣȻǰ㣬Ǯӵһˡ
ʵ̲סЦû֦Ҳ
ҶҲɵЦʡģʹӲҪ١
ֹסЦбۿҲҲҪһôûǴÿµ㻨Ǯ۵ء޺޺³ԷԼӾṩõѵ˵Σ
Ҷ費˼ҵӣֻһ檡˵ˣŴùʵ㣬ҲӡʲôãֲܳܺȣʵûҪ
Ļشֺݣûг޵ͷͺãУҲҪͷҡ
ݿһϰʣʣ󷢴ȱҪǲЩҳʣµģҾͽøꣿ
Ҷ˵ҡ
һ˲䣬˱Լζεĳһˮ|||ڣˮ໥οʣʣ
ͷǺһ˿ζЦ꣬Ҷˣڱֻڲˮ
⣬⻰æһ
ҶԼһҲ䷹Ե̻ʡ꣬ݲź׼ˣͻһˡ
ǰҶһҪң֪ԼҲӦøȥġ
ϸ˵һڼ緹Ǿߡ
ڶ죬ù緹׼ҶͥҶһֱ͵ſڣ㶼ˡ
úСʱʱһҶ裬ɬصͷȥҶһ۷綼ûæӦҶүء
ҶͥԶ˵ʰ˾ء
Ҷ˸Ŷ˵ɩҲ棬񱡣Ҳ׼ʲôһЩԼ԰С˾͹ˣֺóԣǾͰǸ
Ҷ˻Ǻ׼ҵģռһᰴճһױ׼׼ǵû˼Ҷӡ
Це֪ˣˣ͹ȥɣͷ䡣
Ҷǰֶ緹͸ϽҲסһʵ·ߣͷãϽ춼ˣҲýˡ
ݵͷӦ¡
һԼͲǰǰˣžͳţ뼸ʱͼʱ˶ظ桢棬øĸ֪ͬС
ָӲĴ·ϱһʱϪ塣ֹ˻ڵռ˶µݻˣԺſ
ȽӵˣСҸϽȥݲ裬նжֺǺǵذŮŮӭ£˵⼸ڵأҲûˡ
һ׼ǰԸţȵ⣬Ƕ죬һʱҲŲ
ҶԴӸԲԺ⻹ͷһϪ壬һ֣޶˾Ͷ˼׽Ц˵񣬵ȴһҪٻһ˵ġ
ô˵Цüۡ
С˲裬˳ȥˣݲʣҲųȥ
ɩӡ
СһعͷЦʣһ·ˣôźȿڲЪһЪ
ࡣҡҡͷֽӹﱧŵİҸɩӴһ㶫
СҲ֪ʲôæȥһ
£ݴ򿪰ȡһֻϻӣװֳΣһԽӣһԼĶԽָһЩľͷ֮С
Сֻһ۾һҡͷְֵ˵̫ˣԼʵòϡ
Ȱ£Ÿҵģﻹء
вУҲҪ
ʱնոæ꣬Լ˵˳·һСңҪʲô
СָϵϻӣɫЩ֣̿ͻȻôλ˵Ҫ͸ҡ
նҲͲ˵ˣתͷЦŶ˵ãԼţɩòء
Сҵͷ͵ƽʱҪϴ£α̣أ̣ŸÿƯƯġ
ݿЦãôˣҲѵõɩӣɻʱժٴȥʵڲϰ߾ţֶֶŮҲð
Сһǲգ֪»緢УǾͶն˵治ҴӣϻϻΣҾһͷֻ֣ùͽɩ°ɣȻҪү۸ңô˼иҳͷ
ն۾һɣ÷۸ˣ
ңһüʮ㡣
նЦˣС˵ģͽš
ȻСﻹǾò˼Լ˵Ļˡ
˵һȻȥݣֻ֣Ҷ費ˣն÷أ˵ˣȥݵһ
̲ס˸ۣˣǽ
ݣȥ￴úչһ¡
ԸݲŲ붯չʲôѽȻ˸ıչ


99 
˵֮ǰûϸ룬ѿڶһ仰ռҸɫ
ֳʲôã
նܲм, ׳ĶƵģչ˱磿ǲñӵģҶû˿ʹˣ
ʱ, ݺҲˣֻõؽ͵ǰ, ҵıֶŮ͵, Ű˵һźףȥ, ûһʵģԼү, ԡ
ʲôŭɶȭͷŽġ
ѵҶԼŮøλλã
ն䣬ŭ壺, 㲻˵, ȥҴӣҶȥҪǸ, ҾͰǼҵĴŸˣ
ѽ, һû˵ءһסն, ֻͷȰ, Ҳ, ҽвУ
˵ͬ, ɫڵͬס
ҪүءЦġ
ռҸĬˡ
ҶҪү, Ҳ֮, ռһû취Ϊ¾ȥ֡
ںѹûϵıúܣŮĶӣҪЩУͺˡ
ϣŮ˼޵£ֻ¶Ӳվ˽ŸҪƾͻݣҲռһ
죺ҳײŶã
ʮ꣬ʲôӣⲻ
ն̾һ֪ôοãĳȥڳҵСңͬ˵ˣϣȰ뿪һ㡣
СҲĵѹɵ˵үҪ檣ҲǺ°ܶ˰ֵֵˡ
ն۾ԾؿСҡ
˵Сռס˿ʮˣնǳ׺˶ĵҲǼͷ¡
û뵽Сҵ˼뾹ȻͻݵöЩˡ
ն֪ܲǳ̬ɻԼã϶Ͳ÷߾ֻһˣСҵĻܲˡ
Сæϴвˣûϸ۲˵ı飬˵ţͨңͽǶظүӡүĺԽ࣬Ĺ;Խ󡭡
նȥˣĻúȻϽˣȥĶỵ
ҶڴС˯һʱˬ
ԴռҰ·ӣҶͶԽԽˣģɾ࣬һҲȥׯƵģʮֿġ
Ѿͷˮϴһ£ȥݣʹк
ռҸƸղǰܵˣֻӦһնֱӰͷŤһߡ
ҶͷԣԣСôʹ翴̫ˣ
Ƶྐྵӣбһۣĵ֪˸ðɣ
ҶʱһĸоȻԼΪʲôҪ顣ȻѾ˵ˣҲܺޱʾΪĲٿʹˣܸоԼһ̾ͻᰤ
ҶɤӣһطģģԶҵӣҼҵҲֻһ˵֡
ʱ˾ԣȻռҸɫ˺ֳܶ࣬ǸذŮĺֱߵĹϵҶǰһƣЦȳԵһܿˡ
նҲһЦģ÷һǶˣȥһߡ
ݾȵؿҶ裺ҲףӡʱŮ˶׵İɣ
Ҷ躬Цͷ׵ڶ죬־ҵԱߡҶϡ
ֻϣû֣죬ʱȤټˡ
ռһ緹Ϊڵ磬¸ϲسǣҲЪˣֱҪߡ
Ҳ׼׼֮⣬װ˼ֻѬҰһɹɵĢԼһЩС˺ʹܲ·㣬һҪעⰲȫ
ҶҪ檵ġϲ£СҸдүСˣҲ󰡡
Ҫǰﻹѵʱ϶¡ڲһ·ӣҲУռڴǺ˼ˣӦøնޣҪԭûлϡ
ϣֺնڷԣſ
СҸʢ÷ԼʢС룬Ժ󲻼ųԣȰԼ뷨˵ǼҲҲˣ
ˣֺնһۣ뵽һȥˣǶΪСУҪռˡ
¶ϲı飬СֵүС檣ţҲѾͷźүſ֦ɢҶǼҺܿҪˡ
С÷ǳүүǶ磬ܹܲүϥһѶŮүȴƵɣ
ֺʧһѾؿСңһ˵䣬־Լݲ̫ãǾ͸˶һζԼᡣ
նûͷһسСҷƢŸոպùЩϹʲô
Сŵһ˵ˣżͷԷ˶Ҽˡ
նۣӲ˸
ùСڳϴ룬жնղŰԼв˵ΪǲҪͨ뻹᲻ûǮǻԺ󣬾Ͷն˵˺ЩΣһָ͹˵ˣʣ²ء
նû뵽ģ˵һ飬ԺҪүһͷۡ
쳣࣬СҲò⣬ϽӦԼ˲ϲ飬϶ٷġ
նһֵǳ׻꣬Ҷ㼱ʲô÷÷ǼûĹصģԺ仰ⱲӶˡ
СֹǷĵһָԼ˵Ļ
նڵͷˣɵ˵ǲӼĻ̫࣬һȻǾһӽʵòªĻ㡣ֻͺãǧҵȻʱҪȥġ
СҲæˣжٻùÿ컹Ъϴأ˷ˡ
ջϴɨصѾͷҪ࣬˼ӣնǮֻתһ룬СҸŻЩֵֹ뷨Ҫøˣ
ǣҲ˳Сҵ˼ʱ򣬵ȽҪУʱһҲ١

ݺҶصȥԺ밲ʺ˼䣬ͻϢ
û͹ˣҶͥд˴õǣģйա
Ϧӳһʼݵĳ򣬵ȸһһ꣬һξҪԪˡ
֮ǰݾ˵Ҫæٸھƣʽţһֱһء
һƣ쳣ɣǰһҲҶ˵¶˵
һ죬ȫ˾һ÷һڵ㣬ǡñѾͷǰɫ̾ͱˣһģȻס죬˺һӣŶյͺڣƴ쳣
Ҷ˲ƼˣæĵǲǽòãζЩأ
ɫףҡҡͷ˵ǵģû˯ãһֱЩͷء
ݿӣܸоЩֵֹġ
ôôǻеŲζأ


100 
ݽʾ֭Ŭ, ڱһԵСϸڡ
ԭ, ΪԭԸܣҹܽɷ, ԻٶȹҶ, Ȼ˾Ÿ¾һӡ
Ÿ£ʱе΢ˡ
˵, һ˼·⺢˵׼һһأ
׿ԭ, صʵʱУݸұ֤, ӾԲҶġ
Щ, ׼Ҷһпգɺӹȥ, ֪Ҳֹ
, ˸治, ͻȥģҪôһò, Ȼվﲻ, šͺһѾͷ, ź򲻹Ҫæ, ʵǶҡ
Ҷ赹̹Ȼ, ۿţݾͲЩĪеԩˡ
ûﰵʾ˺üΣ˻ƵģһȥҶǰһؿࡣ
Ҷ˾öϱ˿ʵ̫ˣǲ񻰡ǱϾûֶŮھϯƽǲúͶӼġ
ҶҲͱ첻ˣȥֻҪֳӾͺá
΢΢ü¶һ˿Ц⣬ǻƤҪ־Ӧ̯һ𿴰
תת飬뵽һð취ҶˣЦǳ;ڼдˣն⣬ģүܺȾƣһʱƢθͣܲסһƣ
Ҷ͵ؿһۣͷˣ⵹Ǹ⣬вΣûҲԿķӡ
һ
˲֪Լ֪ܲԼ£ϸһ룬ŷԼƺܾûˣʱһ亹
ҶͥҶȻûģ˵ͷѵ¿ˮͰ͵˵ĸҡҾͲ˰ɣ
²¡Ҷֻǲ˼ˣæǼֻĴ򣬿ڷҽֺãһҲкô
ɫҰף˵
ݿﰵЦԸ񣺡ȥǰԺһˣ򷢸С˿ȥ
ɿȥˡ
Ҷ˿ЦõؿݣôżʲôȥҲһģûء
Цеȳ꣬պţһҲ󡣿ңҲΪү롣֪үһأ
Ҷû뵽ݵѪǣԼϡûˡ١ʣα֤Ĳ飬
Ϊ֤û˵ٻ⵱ɤӣ￨һֻƵģֵֹġ
ҶҹһͺһѪûʲôʱҶҿһѯʡ
ձʱ򣬿ֹ˴ˣôֻ취㿪װԼ²㡣
ôһ룬԰Ŭһ򶨵ӡ
ӵһԸ˾ҪΪܶȣû·ͽػڼң˵ǳȥˡ
һֱŵ˲ͷϸɵЦ⡣
ݳһۣЦеҶ˵Ȼڼңˣôѵֻʵѧģ
Ҷ룬Цҡҡͷ˵ҽҲأֻϰ˵ģԼ˵һѡҲҪģٵȼգؼһʱ
˵ˣҲŷŵĻǵͷͬ˹ȥ
극㺱ûҶ˵˸ڣͻȥˡ
ת˺üȦԽԽµȷ˿һˡ
źʱ䲻ϸҲһ¶һ㣬ûⷽ룬Ͼ˭뵽һδĹأ
ҪҪߺӣ
ͷðͰȥˡ
УѾͷǴСźԼģŲǿԴȥ̽һ̽ʱپ
ѺӽнԸʲô󲡣òڼʱһҩֻҪͺˡھͳȥŷץ
ӽӹӺҩֱȥغŵţӰסˣȥ
ţӣҲӣ˽Ҫȵõ̵ȻһҾ͵óԹ䣬ҲҵѴ
죬û˵
ţԼҲˣΪͽҪ㲻ȥ̣ȥʷˣֻҪ˴ӦˣҲܷȥ
ţҲǺģԹĺٶžء̵ǿӣ²źӳȥԲŽȥҷˡ
ĺһ
ӵǺݣֻǾԼҹﱾǿ;ӣүңҲŷ˵ĳ谮ܹ˳ġ
˵һ˿ѪԵάϵţ׵ЩͬһԽԽ٣ɱţϧЩգС¾Ͳؾˡ
лţӣתȥСԺ˵꣬̽ȥݡ
ݾȵ̧üη纮ҩǺ컨ɣ
ҩҿ
ȥˣܿ˷ӽݹĿ
ȻҽҩӣǳǼִ̥ҩŵģⶼ˿ЩլС˵ĸ
˿дĹȻ̥޹أû˴⣬վԸ񣺡ѼĹٸ˵һ˵ȥǲܵģҪŵùȥץҩҪŲҾܸ÷˰ɣ˵꣬Ͱҩ
ȥ˵ˣл߻ȥظ㣺ҪȻͽ̰æץҩ򣿡
ںӿⲢʲô£ַǿеģһ֣дۿţص̻涯ֽš
㱾ûвֻ̽ѾͷܲܳŶѡҪܣͻܸߺӣȥ̥ҩҪǲܡǾֻİ취ˡ
ˡӻ֣־úЩˣسҩˣȥҪȵĽҺȥûˡ
ߺ˼룬ȻŪҩǾֻʣһ·һ̥ͷϡ
ֻҪͱ£һٶ˵ԼУµĶӺµĿ𲢲Ͽɵȹ˭еĵϸأ
һҪúãԼվ˽ŸҲһ֮ءٺһ㣬һٵУݣԼȡ֮ѵ׾ٵ飿
ԽԽ·ѾԼŶӣӸµؿݱɨسŵӡ
ǣúãִȴѶȡ
Ҷ軹Ǻģ˵أſϹһأֻҪصĽڣذƭҲѡ
Ѿͷʵ̫ˣÿζƵģôվֱضš
ӣ˵ͱˣ΢㣬ǸѾͷҪ֮Ľڣм䣬ĩ˻Ҫ˦һӱĵ񣬾ͺڿԺĹƵģ޵


101 
ֻҪһ񣬾ͺ޵ҧг, Ѿͷһģһ, ô
㲻ţԼڲһѾͷ
Ž粻˳ٵ뷨, һþ, ȡЩӽӣϽ뷨Ūһ̳þ
֮ǰӴӳһ, ٵģø, ȻҪһ̳ӣﲻҴӦǾ
ֱüλûֹ, ڡ
Ҳ, гһȣýȥ̵˼
֪ӵ, Ҳ˴׬ЩǮ, ľõ, ȻҪɸСȥ򡣡
, Ȱ, ƿɲǸö, ʧ, һŪ, Ǳˡ
ݵһӾͳһֻԼ˵˻Ҫݰڰ֣ʾԼ¡
ֻһԼԺıԽԽ޲ٰҶ谴ϣݺĦһ٣
ݻʱˣȥ׽|顣
ŵҶ赱ˣӴԺҲˣǲŽдģӸϽء
ԭûһڿҲͰˣԭһȣݵҪֵ׽ļʱĸܡ
һҲ취ãЦŵͷųȥˡ
ԸԳصõһ̳ϵȺþƣ;ƽƽ˵ǴģΪ٣򵽶ÿңүƽʱϲ־ˡ
˷ǳˣƽֿ䣬˵£һƽӡ
ƽϲ̵ؽˣ߻»ʲôģֻܽԸҡ
¾㱸ֻǷˡ
գϣûȥԺҶ밲ֻɺӹȥ˵Щˬڴء
Ҷһϲ㣬ʱͲŶǹҵˣҲûϣֻԸĹȥ˿һˮ
ҶͷԵģŮ˼ҵİֻˣҲߣͲùѯʡ
ȴԺصСԺ鷿ȥ˯Ҷ費ҷԹԵȥˡ
̽ͷ̽ԣ鷿иӰһϲһӸŵ⣬æ
ȥҶ˵ү˵Щãȥơ
Ҷʶؾ;ܾˣ춼ˣôҲȥģ˵ȥá
˵ѾڶԼŮˣŮ֮Ҳֳܷϲĸߵ͵ġҶȻݸҪ
ңôף֮ǰضһҪܺԼ°
ҹڷ߰㲻þݵɱ֮ҹˣһҪСĽɱȫ
ȥľôˣǴأһӹȥ鷳һˣҼҹʵЩֲҾˣ̹ܼټĸָֻүˣүҼҹһ
ԭⲻذЩ˵ҶҶ˼򵥣һ˼Ҷ˵ķˣԼ޶ԣƺ̫ˡ
ҾȥЩԥģڸ
źƽǻȥڽ̧ˮôˣѾЪˣ
Ҷ˿ԥûˣ̧žߣһһ߷ԸƽúÿĻ裬ҺܿҪġ
ǰŵ·ҶںߣԶԶؾͿԺڵƻͨһϸӰȺڴ⡣
Ҷ㲻ϳǾǱãһǰ߼
ϴžϲЦӭҵ˺þãѱˡ
ҶһѾקˣͷء
ݣаյüĻ裬Ѭů紺м̲ˣӵŵġ
ӷźõȻҿµӣ¶¾Сˣִһȡ̺õľƣȻ΢Ц˵š
Ҷ豻㰴ϣǰһУ룬ҹң˵ţ׼˷˸ԣһ̣Ǻܸжġ
ΪЩûܹ
һʱ䣬ǰЩΪҪٶĲҲɢˡǿһСϣŲ̬Ĳ԰ף͸ˡ
˵㲡ˣЩûӲͲҪңһּˡ
˹ܸˣ϶Ĩۡ˽Ѿöˡ
Ҷ趢׵ˣʹȥ򡣡
ףһĪǷ۲̫࣬֬Ĩ̫ٵԵʣѽʧˣæͼԼЩѪɫ
ҶվһϾҪȥģϽסЦǺѾͷ˵Ҹյһ̳þƣζΣҲ֪ô˵ģһСˡ
治Ҫ
ģץ֣ԼĶͷ̵ġ
Ҷһ£ûգҲúˡ
ֵиȵľƣҶһӣʲôˡ
Ҷû˵β˶ϲȾȡůҲû룬һһغ
ΪҶǰչʾԼŵ㣬æŸƼвˣź΢ܵ˵һֱϸϸġ
Ҷ費ʧǣĿеĺӦеӰҪҲͻݾͺˡ
֪䣬Ⱦ¶ǣҲͷһƣǰҵʱСǿ͵ƽȣľܲ
ȵҶȲȵÿͨ죬۾ӣֱضɵЦ
磬ˣ̽ʡ
ûûҶͷ˵֪Ľ͡
˵ͨϵģԸˣȥҶ֣磬ҷ㵽һɣ
Ҷҡҡͷƾռʤֵ˵ͷ
ϽкӽһһߣҶĴţȻԸӣϵĶҪˣȥ˰ɡŹغãҲУ㲻
⻰û
ΪԼҹֻүһ¸飬û뵽ԭǴ췹˼
Ҳ̫˰죬֪һԼҹ
վŲüͷһȳɵվŸʲôϽʰ˳ȥ
ӵͷΨΨŵŵ¡
һ׼ĺȾƣʣһδʰãţӰʣµľƲ˶˵Լ
һƣߺȱ룬أҪʲôԼһˣܹܵס˭
ԼҲһиֲǾǹ컯ˡ
⣬ȳȥԺżһ飬ŻصԼͷȹһƣȻ˯ˡ


102 
Ҷ赹ڴϣһ˯, , 磿
ûжƶԷƺü, Ȼûѡ
ô죿綼˯, Ҫ£ܵϲа㼱ò, ڴǰת˺üȦһ
ѽħˣ
˯˲Ҫ, ֻҪѣһºļ󣬲˲ϡҡСһ˺, ķ»˵Сء
, ôãŮڴϵǵڸ, Ҫһȥ, ѷ, ԴУ
أȺŪȥ, ȱ, ˵ΪǿԼ, һҪʱ, ҲͲõỳʲôˡ
һ, ־ҶǼٺò飬ֱүڰ
ϽжڴϣȥҶ¿ۡ
䣬Ҷ贩ö࣬һװĽۣϵϵʵʵģȥ⣬ս⿪һΪֱСҶĺʱһʡ
ҶԺȻоǳ£Ѿ˾ţ֮ŰƤƿһС죬㱼ֻǰ˵ԼһƣȻſڴµѡ
ûϵͻȻˣ⧲֮¾ͱƵˣһƨ|ڵϣȻ㶵ؿǰһĻ
òˣҶؿһЩֱҪˮסڱǣһ̲ۻʵû취ӣӦ
ֻŽţɾĵطߣһιҶ£Ҫ˯ȥæ˵磬ѽ˰ɣ˯Ų
ҶӻѣڡһͲˡ
ҪסζȥҶۣ벻ôݣȴᣬͷϾͳһ麹
СԺմݵ̣ˣùȥˡ
ţϼһվȹһֵϴ°ͱˡ
һֵúܴ󣬹ŻڸأǿɲؿԼǵĸαġʰҶҲ򵥣ȰԺҲ٣αڹǰӡأ
ݴԼĸѾͷĵּ֣ߣæʣô˻ҹ֪Ϊʲô£
ݱ߱߻شߵˣΪ˹ΣҪͨСҲͷ˼ңֻǸղ˸ң˵үˡ˵˵ʲô£ֲǲھƣչ򶼵Ȳô
˵ţһ̾Ҳ֪ʲô˼ңŽóĹҹйŮȫûɻ䣬ǡҹȥʱҲڱ˵ԩ˭
ֽŲͣסЩ࣬ʶⲻһò¡
Ťͷŵ֣Ц߰ΣͷɸɾˣڸϲǸ̹ô
¹ԼϣֲҲӣŲȴ쳣ء
ǲ̫ϲүǰڱҹ˵ǳ˵㣬ɱϾǷ˵ˣôһڣʲô߶ڸǹȥ
̿ǴҪȥһģʵڵֺֿαأֿʹûѵүˣ˸ˣƲװ֪ء
̣¶أ绹ǻȥЪ˰ɣʵȰһүһǱǷ˵ֱˣһá硭
ַģֻܸߡ飬ȴߵÿ켫ˡ
ܿ죬һ˾סǰţƲͷݣʣ̣ҪôһᾪˣӦԵʱͲˡ
ݿ϶Ҳɱ䲻ģŽյԺţĿҿ߰ɡ
վһԡ
һѼѵҶŷ|ȥ׼ľ˨һһͣؼ֮󣬴˨õԺžȻˡ
̣̬΢΢Щ⡣
ݾˣ벻ߵĴѾͷȻһ֣뵽ԼҵԺţҲܲȫ
·͸룬æͣǰֺѾͷţֻ˨һ㣬ȴðѵڶҲϡ
ݽԺţƵű˿ȻеڶͷƣֻнڶҲ˨ˣҲʹ򲻿ˡ
ɵúãͷ㡣
һ˾ôֱӴȥˣݻŵƣĿȷǳңݾֱȥ
ڵ㿴ų˯Ҷ裬Ĩ˰ѺȻԼ洩СްԼȹӸˣ˶ֻʣһ£ӣȥͻȻһű˸ƿˡ
ҪȥôһɾͲˣ̰ӴһȻۣͷŤһߣûۿˡ
û뵽ᴳôһȺˣ仹ݴͷģߵˣֲ֪㣬Ͼطֻô
Цϻһ˵ģ㣺ãҴ㲻ҵģȻҵƤӵ£үˣȶԷֱ磬̷ԸѾͷȥ˹ĺ˼ҵĹ
Ƚźܿ죬һǣವˡ
û˽סﾪţҪ´ȴñӸһ£ʱͨһڴǰǡùҶµ̲档
ݾӸµؿޱȳʹãôдҲ޲ˣ
ʱֱ޷ƫƫһ˿˿ʹ֮ǰƵһ£ǸղŹֻ̫̫ͣŽˣ
תͷŵүӶûǣæǰһæǱӣһĶͷӴҿүѬ죬׺˶٣쿪͸͸
ȴʱڵζȫˡ
ûжŮǿҶ賤ģһʱ̲סͷ㣺·ϣʵڲ£үȳʲôˣµ˻ˣǴ죬ѳҲ֪ӳ
ӵ߽࣬ŽżƣñӻûϵʱҶġ
⾿ǱģǱûӲ
ݼ֤רɾĵطţߵǰƴҡҶ裺үүۿ
кþҶѾƵģʵһ˫ƴҪװ˯һҪѸѡ
ҶԺһ㣬ȻûۣƾΧֵ֪ڵĳһΣΪ˱ѿɴͼװԼûѡ
ƫƫݲϷŹþȫ޿̣ɤӸɺһ͵۾
ҴҸҶڴһŵýŶˣҵĶүү
ҶվȣүֺүĻæȥǰԺҶͥ⣬ֻ÷ҶˣߴٵˣȽȥٿްɡ


103 
Ҷһ۾ͶݵĿ⡣
ﻹڷеȴǶݺݵ, ͸һ, Ҷ˲оԼ񱻶סƵġ
, ɵ, ֻһͷҪ군ˣ
ݾԲģ
Ҷ˱, ײײؽݣﻹŶ, ҶѵתͷһۣҶ˼ɫҰܣŵþҪˤڵأ
ָϽȱ, ֻҪү˾ͺ, ҪǸϽơ
ԶԡҶ˻ŵֻظĻ, , 򡣡
ݹ˵, Ǽҳλȥˣﲻ˵, ȹȥô
ѽҶ˼ֱ, ݺݵһ, ʲôʱ, , ֻҪǴ
СǶܳȥС˴
ݰһۣͷͦʹġ
ԭȣҶѵõĺˣԴүԺĶ𾴾һ롣
ݲϲΪɲԭӡ
׻˵ĸծӳһŤ˵ҶϣһʹĴ壬һ߿ԭΪǸƷԵû뵽Ͳסįһ˹ʲôأҲǹңһֻҪӣȴүİΣңҵĴҲֻͼԼҺү
ݿ޵תƳһۣѾͷҧŲЦ
һޣҶŵһͣסˣֻϾҪˡָϽȰҪүǺȶ˾ơ
ҶŴڴ»˹
ɨһڣԹڵϵ㲻ŲʣҪǰϸӣȴһ̲סȥ·
һණǵƵģҶٰҲ޷½ţԽϰֻؿһ߿һ߰Ҷĵžž졣
ÿһ£Ҷ˵ľҪһݣּ״˵ʲô˵ĻϽǰ棬ԸѾͷǣɨһ£ϽгѾٰѱ
ֲǻˣѾͷǸæµˣͶȥҪѾ̶Ͱɨ棬ڰοݣ̣ˡ
ֻйڵһ㣬ᡣ
ȥҶ˵ģŲүߣأ˸Ͻȥһˡ
ҶһͺܲˣҪ谮˭˭͹ԹźţŮȥأң֮ǰе㲻ݰѶӿ̫ܵˣǣŻ͹ˣû뵽ûݣͱҶһɺ˵
ڴϵĶӣҶûض˵ˣƵԽԽͷΡ
ٿֻһ£ڵ㣬ҶӲͷ֣
ֹȥ㣬ȻʧôѪˣ
Ҷ⻰ûж룬üͷûһ£㲻ôѪϡ棿
ѾɨɾҶǰϸһҶ裬ȻĻȫйͷϣһΪʲô£ֵ󳳴ֵġҲָղŵĻˣϻأʲô£ƫͻ룬ҹôҶð
ݺܿ˵ϹΪǰҹˣû᲻÷үߣͲ۵ô
ôۣܲҶ˶Ҫˣô죬ֻȰڹȥöӺͱֶŮ
Ҷ˻ھǿŵɣҲ̫ʱ˼һûЪأҲʲô¡
ֲһ죺ˣ̣ɡ
ĶԽԽۣһһģ۳ͷ亹ҧݣŲԼ|ǵֿͺľеľﻹ˵˵Щʲô
Ҷ˺ŤͷһֻղŹĵطһ̲ںѪһĿӣһ鶼Ⱦ͸ˡ
ҶüһЩɣڲϸʱԸүƵȥһѾҪˡϴȹӸϡ
ӺͱֶŮȣȻǶӸҪҶ˸ȥ䣬Ѿͷ±ƴҶϸǣһ꺮ů
ûиųȥ濴֡
ɫѩףͷϵ亹ղðȪƵģ̲סֹѵǻˣӣƺӲȰ
ʱǵҶͥŴ򼱴Ҵҵؽˡ
һϵĶӴ۾ҶүͰˣŴǰƣﲻá
Цƹ࣬ûˡ
ӷ𣡡ҶؿڣҼˣʱ滹һأæԴ˵뵽ٿһλ
Ѿ۵һţڴϹȥǵӲץס
ŸҶ̾Ϣסˣ￪һҩȵعȥˬصôܿࡣ
Ҷ˺͵ֶû⻰˼㶵ؿ
ֵȻУôȾƣҿ˲٣ҪˡҲ뿪Щúýţ껹ٻأ
Ҷ˺͵ȫһ˵ı顣
֮£ҶΪ㻳Լӣһû⺢Ӹôûˣһ룬ѹݰѴҶԭӺͱֶŮͱ£Ҳ̫ûˣޣҪôһ֣ܵ
ҶεأεľǶкԽԽݣϾүˣ֮ûУԼϣŲҪúø׼һ
û뵽ᵱ˵ԼʵǰˣȻ㣿һʱ£ƽʱݷӲȦˡ
Ҷʹ꣬ȻòΪҲвԵĵطֽҪͷžȾأ
߳ȥںȽҶԹҲǵģô֣ҺúõһӾôûˡԼӶ֪̹̣ܽܽʵڽ̲ãȥôŮģ֪Ҷõֳİ͸һƵġ
ҶϡͿʲôӣ
Ҷ۾һɣˣ㲻֪
찡ո΢ЩѵҶ裬仰ŵòˣǧ˵Һͱʲô¶ûУװأ
ݻ棬ڹɲұ
ֵҶˣģ
ҷģԲҵģǻûôϽȥʸôߵͷأҶ輱öҪð麹ˡ
ҶͥҶ˶һۣʱ洫ḷ̣̌ôˣ


104 
Ҷˣݰÿһֶ, Ǹ̵, 令Լҡ
ϣſס, Ϲס, ҲֻռҸģʵܡ
û뵽, ˺ƵžȻΪĶӣԼ, ȻҲӴˡ
ܵ״̬ŭ˼㣬ǰ, , ӻ˻ΣûסҪϵ
ۼֿ, Ͻһѽ, ͬʱ
Ҳ, ҶҶ˼̳˽ȥҶͥ, ͣס, Ͼǹ, óȻȥ, ˻صԭλ, 쳤ӵš
ݣ֪ﰲţΪϻиѪء
Ҷ״֣̽ÿֲиضԼһٱһݻɵġ
Ҷ˼ӱŶϱͷӬƵģֻŴת֪ô죬æָſǽһѸ߱ӣ˵ȷ
ҶݷûӦݵͷģһͷҪԣæųסԴд򣺡
û뵽ôãѸտõĴ̥ӽһԵˣ߹ݵƤ˿ιȥˣҸѰʲôԭʡ
ҶŵһŤͷҶˣ૵ݸˡ
Ұݸεġ
֮࣬һѺʲôԾǲԿӣҲֲźˡ
Ҷ˴ʱ侲ԼҲͦ˼ɫڨڨġ
ѾûˣϱʲôãѵֱһղŻͷʱԼƺú񻹰׼Ҳȥˡ
ԽԽòףҶ˺˵ɶϱţҲǰݵ֣˵ĻȵģζţһʱܲסԲιȥˡ
ֵͷǺţǱƵүһбѪζһ˭ܵˣ
̷ԸֻȴٰѬأϽóϣҩҲðˡ
Ҷ˵ðҩԼͷϻһڴأæʴ򣺡򣬻ϼˣ
һ߰һ̧ƤһۣƵţϸЩ
ѽҶ輱Ҫˣϵԩһղϴ壬һղұ۰ָŴϵ㣬׷ʣҽǺܺ𣿸ǣ˼ˣ
һָֻݰ˳Ҷָķ˿Ȼֳһشˡ
ͶˣҶϲһİƣظݣûӲҵġ
ֵؿһۣ˵ʲôʲôҲû˵רİ
ιȥݲܸκηӦҲҶĻϲתҶˣЦ˰ɣ˵˲ҵġ
ҶǰһڣһҲҪ赹ҿһץסαסˡ
£㵽ԼҲһأ
һǻģԾðΣѣǰܺ¡¾˶ӣҶҲ׽߰飬Ůˣܲϧأ˵ףЩ˿ɶ
û뵽һƬȴ˵ɵӡ
ڻͷ룬ʲôˣҲǺŪĽڡѹֱɩҪŮ͵Լأﴧһ֣ҪѾܸϱ»ҹֳҪţ
ȻûˣȴһԼͷˡ
ҶֻҪһ뵽ӣһͻᱻԼӣĸηζۡ
ּɫãæһȲʹ˸ɫ
Ҷ֪ڲ˵ʱ򣬺ڲ裬ȻǿЦʴ򣺡Ҷϱôˣ
ɿ֣վЦϲϲˣϲˣ·ݻǳֻһµӣһҪúţҪԺúȺãŻľʡ
ҶֻΣһҪˤҿýסˡ
ִϲЦˣ¿ɺˣүкˣ
ǡǰҶ˻ûع˿ܻ㱡
ֵﲻ̴ţϽطɡ
ҶȻϱŷǿҵĹʣôһ࣬ӵܵأ죬̧СԺȥ
һʮƵģӣٹһŤͷڷĶӣصһ£ݱϣߣ
ŶҶκģһָһƵġ
ߵҶͥҲϲţ˷ܵĳ̶ȲҶˣϲֱֻ֣޲ܴȥۿϱĶӡ
Ҷ豧ݳҶͥǰӭֱضݵĶӣ˵ӶڲЦããã
ĸѾͷҲܿģΧҶߣһʱˤô죿
һ·ͻСԺҶ˾æˣ̻ͣٵ㣬Ӷ༸һҪСģţС죬¯ϵĻҪϨݰҹ
Ҷ˲ͣ߶߶ÿһ䶼ӵŨŨذ
ѾͷǸæҶ޴վڴǰŴϵݷ·δʶƵġ
Ҷ˿ɵɵӾͺЦһѣֵվﰭ£˵˵ȥء
ҶͥҲˣšҶͷҪߣҶͻȻסק˵Ļ
ղŴ˵һµУ㿴ӶԲԣҶʵúܺ
Ҷ룬ⲻþһĵؿѵ⻰ԺٱˣҪǱ
֪Ҷ˶ʱһŶ裬ҲǱˣ˵ôһˣﾹȻҿûţȻ
ҶŴһӬı飺ˣˡ
Ҷ˻˵Ҷֹȥݣôûѣҳȥ˵˵Ȼʹ󲽳ȥˡ
ŶĶӵıӰҶʧЦҡͷǸأ͵һҪˣ»̫Ӧ
ν֪ĪĸҶȷû뵽Լеһ죬˷ӦŸĸϲͬ콵챦ƵģȴЩ⣬ûܺ͸ĸĸͬ
Ҷͥһӳˣվѯʣϱôˣô˵ģ
򡭡ѽˣڱõԺأҶһĶͷ
Ҷͥʲôã۵ġ˶٣ֵúչˣȥʹ򡣡
ҶվվŽȥҶڴǰҲգݣ״ʣүأ
ȥʹˡ
ҶȻ֪˭ԳĬһ󣬵ɾҲǸ취úÿݣҹȥһˡ


105 
Ҷԭжϧ㣬ھжʹ
Ҷ㻹ûչĸ, ټЩһñ, ԭȵһø˲գ˸, Ǿͺ˵˰, Ϊ, , ֪ôأ
˵ġָ֡ݻڱҶȴ˶ϱίؿޡ
ӵأԶĺӶ಻ðҶ˴˿̺ڼˣΪ˿żĿˣ
ҶӼ, ǰ˵ֱ, ٴεͬˣҶ˲ò, ˼ٴȥ, æҪȥϽˡ
ֱס, ӭСҩѾȥˣͰ˺һ, һѪĶ
ҶӶֱüͷ, ôԼĶ䡣
ּ״, Ͻúûôˣ
ûءһŽ, Ҷչ¶Ц, Ҳᣬж֪ҪǽôһΣ֪Ҫء
Ƿĵĸˣе˶̰˯̶˯һҲã˯úãСүųÿ졣
˵ĲҶ̧ͷһңɫѿ˵ô죿
ûָգܲʵ˭΢һ˼̥˻У³ײ˲
Ҷһŷ𣬶ʮη壬ͺ¾ԹڼǻŲߣҪǿϱŶӣָᷢʲôõء
ܿ˾ɴȥ
̥䣬ô·ģҪһôҲһ˵ﲻʺסڸˣ̼Ͳ̹
ǵݣҲݵģſˣǡ
ʣ¾һӣҪҪѾͷȥź򣿡
ǻкӣˣٰθѾͷһȥҶ˵ײģʹ£Ҳ㣬ѾͷŪʲôӣɸˣܰź˳㶢ŵ㣬ʡԼĵ
ֵͷһ£ÿůʺ϶
ôҶ˴ҹҲˣͻȥԺϢ˳ү˵һԱֶŮİš
Ҷͥ죺檣Ҵ棬ֻҲòۣ㿴еĶʲôˣǼҵļҷˡ
Ҷ˺ܲҲãû뵽ɩҡ
ˣ߾ͺáҶͥɫͻҪǶϱһͷչţһűأ
ү˵ﶼŵأҶЦŸ͵
˷ҵ˯ĺӣžžˡ
ҪƢȿǷߵ֣æŭֺõʣôˣ
ǿѾͷǱӶֳˣѾͷ˯ͬһͷûǹȻʰȥ¡
ȥ£Ӵһ
Ƿ˵ֵõ죿ְһ顣
Ӳن£ԹʰһԼڵȥݡ
۵ȥһȥһйƽ
ľȻڴϣŽ飬Ҫ޵ʵ̫ˣһʱ侹֪ô˭ʼźá
ҶˣȻԼıĸһ̥Էıͺ׵ĸһ޲ԶԶģͬһĨ
ޱ磬İοŽŵĴ֤ףڸǶòӰ
ݣҪͻȻ˴֣
ûݣȱͻѾ|õʵȹһ£˵ԼУǺεȵĸ˰
˼ȥԹȥϾûһˡ
ַСϣһƬƽ̹ҪǺЩͺˣôôأǺ˼ȾƣȻûˡ統ҵʱ͵أҲˡ
ȻнŲϽͷ
߽ȿ˿ȻŤͷԸĺӣոСϸš˯ˣϽʰŻ㣬һ˾͸ϽɱղƵģ˯²ѡ
ԼҹСˣӵŵôģš
ֲŲ׮£ҺѾͷ˵ôź
ñˮӲĶڣòҪ´Ҫɹһ¡ָоԼһˣزˣԸ߶ء
㲻飬һƿӣߵʣʰʲôĸأ
ܳ壬ֲģɿŶԷһŲҰ׵Сֲ̣ؽͣˣæչ̣Լౣأֺģû徲˽бȥء
ȥ£ɤּӶڷҪߣ
Ҳû˺µķն˴ɨ̫㣬һҲȳиרӣվźʲôõģ
УΪʲôȥ̥ЩҪÿѪԼ̥ͷУδ̫ƽˡ
ʵֺԾˣüͷѵô̵ֱ֣뷨δ̫ˣ̻ĿǷ˵ĵӣ˭Ҳֲߡ
ǡǣͻȻЦˣЦЩɫҲŤѵҪɩȹհ˾ƣһ㻹ࡣ
֪ԼʱҶ˸ǰû棬ΣǻزȥģҶô죿
û˾ûˣǻƻŮôҪ檵ģ檲ý̫࣬ͥѸټأӻţ粻סġ
겻оһ꣬һ겻о꣬һ죬վڸߴЩˡ
һѾؿĪǷˣ˴ʱ˿̻Ҫүأ
Ȱ㻹ⲻе˼̫࣬ҼүôҲҪƷԵˣôѾͷһװ׵ģ
⻰˵úܲεİֱȵϡ
㡢㡭㶶ָ֣ŵֵıӡ
ֲŲɴֱȥ¾Ƿ˷ԸģһҲͲˣȻȥõ˲ţҲҰˡ
ҲţҪȥĸ
žҪ´һѽ˻ȥҪûз˵ķԸҸԱ˵ȰûǱȥˣҲѣ˹ȥǰ飬Ǻ׵ģû̲졣
ƿԣðβſڱؿ
ֵѾþҲֱԺ˵չ˺ҹһӡȻתߣҲ࿴һۡ


106 
ִӳ˿, Ϲһ, ŵ˲١
ɫֱȥСԺ, Ժ, ţֻûЪ
ôˣѹûУֹĵʡ
һֱûѣүڿ, Ҳֽ
ˣһҪȥظˡЦ, úźţֻҪһ̥ðȣһǵġ
صͷ, Ҫ, һ䣺Եȣø㡣
ֲ, ӻ֣⸮סһ, Ҳߴ, ȥɡ
ԺҶ˻û˯¡
õúܣҹĻڷ䵹ǰصĸֲƷ, дʣѻ, 쿪ʼóÿ, ݳ˲װֵĴӣ
һ, һ˲Σһ֧, úúţɲпˣ£øʱá
Ҷͥ⼤˾ӿ۵ʲôʱ˻Ъ£ŪҲ١
ҶֺǺǵһү˯ɣҰʰһ£ȱһ˳ȥһҪõģ
ҶүڴϷ˸⣺ʰ
ҶӰү˯æһϻȥ
ֽԺﻹŵƣŵ߽ʣүЪˣ
Ҷ˿һңЦͷôˣ
Ҷ˶棬æһϻ㽺Ʋ˵ԭȾ;ñùֵֹģҲǷ˺ģһҲʡڿһǱڼŮʱͲɲȻܴӣ
Ҷ̾˿ɩֻ˵㱻°ȥˣĹͽȻˣԵһҲûᣬҾΪֻܵ˾ţ롭
ڿأһƣգǬҲôײϵģǽڡһڼҷ˴ȻѸô˵ҪͲҪΪϵĺÿ˳Ҫǲţ˹ȥһ£
ˡҶ˰ڰ֣ʧҲԵˣӣȥǺǴ׵ء
ҲáźĻԼӶչ˲ܱ˼ҵŮأ
ǡһӣҶ¸˺ܶ࣬æµ

һ˯һϾֻһˡ
ҶܵǧҹһҪչ˺ݣҲȷʵôģֻǺ˾Ƶˣ¼Ҳֻܻöݵѣһʱú޲ȥ
ݴǰĴ˯˰ҹ;ֽչ۾Ҫû뵽ﾹȻһ
סüͷȳ⣺үȥˣ̲Ҫġ
ү̫ûûˣһԾûС
ѾͷûԼӣҶƢһԵŤͷȥ鷿
ˣæ¶һЦˣ˯úòã
ôģûҪѾͷҹϰߣһͿеֵġ
˷ԸˣһҪúź벽뿪
ݵͷ˲ˣɫһӾѿҹ㲣ϽȥЪţ첻źˡ
ЩѾͷмһЦź£һ˵ү鷿δء̶˰ɣЩʲôȥá
ݴȹվڵϣȱæһ㣬أô˵ģ˻Ϊûӣ
ݵļϵĺϷֻ˸ͷûʵ˶ϧ
Ѿûбˡֻ˵컹δһ͸ȥˡ˵ٹһ¾ҪͱȥءֻܷģҲĵˡ
ʲôݾȼˡ
ΪҪͱöϼصģӦԶƻ˺ü飬ֿܻᷢ״ȥˡΨû뵽һ㣬þȻǰɨˣ
֮࣬еʧܸоԼæһ
˲֣˲ò࣬˭õأһѪ⡣ϵıʮ־ʣүֱţ´Ұ㵽ͷϣҪǱ۵үһġ
ݰţַ˸ۣм˵ˣıŽүƿҲӶԲԵϣϧүѹû
ҿ̴ñ£컹ôأҡ
Ļ࣬ҲЩˣϴˮû
䣬ľͶһˮͷߣ׼ϴæѿЦ˵ʲôԼƽء
һЦƽҲҪģ˵ˣͷҪġ
ʲôͷ£ɻʡ
ѽ㶨Ǹ˻ˣ˵ô컹û̺Ϣأֲ֧شȤ
ɲǣҲЦˣݵĶϣιȥˣԭһˡ
ҵ찡ݶʱŵûʧɫˣԼڰڻҪ𾪡
һˣͰĶ԰׳̵ٶȣһһҵطͬʱȰСģ
һһӲƽСֵģŪĻŻŵˡ
ȥ򶨣ʵŵòУʮ갡Ҫ𣿴̥вУ
ϸһ룬̥ҲȡȣĸѾͷȻĻҪǰæ̥ҩδʹöϾֻҪǸѪˣСڴġ
Σһҩȴòɾأ֢־õѪǴһһ
ԽĥԽ£ŵö˸ǸϧˣϺȴ̥ҩȻӲдȥѲ߻Ǻѡġ
Ѳٻʮ°
ϴܾúܱͷˡ
ͰĸϽźϴͷ֮Ѿ侲
˭Ҷ谡
ԩͷծݲϲǨŭˣȻԼòˣҶҲָܺã
үأ
ĸæش𣺡鷿ȥ롣ȻСȥˡ
Ѿں緹ʢ֪ĻΪҹء¶ЦүˣһЩɡ
ԣûθڡݶһӵζӶҪˡ
ǡʱҶ˽ˡ
ҶƷæ˴ҹ˵˾٣ҲñճһЩҲҵŶϱȥ밲Լŵֹˡ
ûݣ˵ԷûθڣҶ˼һȰԷôأҲҪһ㣬ǧҵĴӡ
תͷһҶˣͶ˼֣ôģûء⻰˵ģҪҵĴӣǰĸ
ݵغָ
Ҷ˻ŵǰ󶼲ˡСѹҵĴӡ


107 
ҶЦеģĿȵضݵĶֱ, ͺһ󱦱Ƶġ
֪֮, ֮Ա˿죬ǹԼ, ǹĶӡ
ֻ, ĻˣԽԽ, ѵŮ˾ֻһߣݵɫһ㡣
Ҷûвȵݵ, ָӵķˣ˵㿴г׼ģҪǲϲ
ʱҶ˿Ǵ鼫, ¼ʹĸҲ, Ȼʮ꣬ȴǸ, Ϊŵһ֮ǰԹ
, ػǿ, ϸݱûʲôϵ
ֲЦ, ôˬ, Ҳõŷ, ǰһŤ, ʮΪѵӣûθ, žͲԡ
Ҷ˿Ը֣ϽȥгһҪģֻҪݳԵúãص
ݹǫ飬˷ѰֻڲȷŰɣһأ
Ҷˣ˵ʲôɵҵĴӿɲܳ䶫˭ҲܿҵĴӣǼǮģ𡣡
ֽӻ컹δͰ͵ȥˣһ͸ˣ̼θˡ
ô飬ҲͲִţֲԼǮ
һӷ˾ôԭⲻ̧ȥˣæȻ졣
Ҷ϶ЦôõĶϱֹĵ˯úòãûʲô̹ĵط
ݵص˵ͷأεǰҼǵϲ̫ãôˣô˵ģҪҪ
Ҷû뵽ȻһŸɰͰ͵ЦЦչ˺ԼС
ɲô˵ġͻȻ˱סҶ˵֣Դǿе˵ùүأϼףִϲһҪʮѣñúúõطһأҲôҿ˾ô档
öİҶЩάֲסϵļЦǶϱ֪ʵ飬ԾͲܹô˵
ּѿæŽͣޣǸʲôˣ̱ԼҪ
̾Ϣֳ֪ߣǸعصˣ˵б𣬿ɱõ׺˲ͬѽˣúСˣǿϧүĵһӾôûˣİ͸һƵģ
һܵӣҶ˺һͣ⻰ôôأ
ƤһദҪһЩ֪̲ӡȻɣ˶ˡ
˾úЦֺǣƺû
Ҷ˵ûھھĸͲǶӵ֣ôȥӲӿһñӣ
Ҷ࣬࣬ϵǿЦ͸һӿɬζ˵ǸûˣֻҪúõľС
⣿ôҲԼķ񰡣ּʹ˵õĺӵˣȷʵûֲҲȫĸŮ˲ƽƽذѺأ͹ô꣬òӣû뵽
ͳ۽ǣҪǱһ̥ڵĻҶҵͷһأ
Ҷ˷·ؿһܵýӲ˻
ݲ۽ǣִܵعҶˣѹбúúţ껹һأʱҶҾ֦Ҷïˣ˼ҲҪһأ
ҶؿһȰؿ֡
֪ڳϵǿĸֿ޲˵ȥš
ʱ˯ѵҶˡ
ҶϲȻǰǸǼٵģǸȴģһһŪӶѣҳһŽ
¶˺ܾãֱ˯۾ϲڰΧǴҴϴһѾܽݡ
ǡñǾ仰ˣͷȼܵĻ棬һߴ󲽽ݣһߴԼʰףݱ˵ûĲ֪˭ҰءҺװ׵ģʲô¶ûУҸҵڵ淢ģ
ǷţҶ˲ûҶ֪λѣ°ȥˣɨأϼǼ޲ȥġ
˿㣬һ˿ϾⲻĴ
ǣΪʵ޷ͬⲻԼԩͷҪֳôҰӿɾͰͷˣ
ݣ㣬ҪȻ̫ˡҶ̬ʮϡ
ҶڿڣȻ˵ˣҲ˳Ƹ˵ǰԺǸˣѾˡ
ЦϾ֣˶پͳҶ˵ֿţ벻ԭ˵κãǧίû뵽
һޣֺ˾ΧؿȰҶ޴룬Ȳ|ȥֲ֪ðο
Ҷ˼תҲǲ֪˵ʲôźá
͵͵ĸһۣ޵õƷ˽ģһʱʧ㣬ҲǸùﰡϽ˰ӻүҪûб飬ҵҲҲŮأ
Ҷ豻ŻˣŲȺ˵ҪҪҲҪԸⱲһҶûУҲ
Ǹ˾ܲͷе̣οҶӡһ˼ƶ˵ˡ
ⳡ棬Ҷ۶ֱˣߵͨ죬βŶ߶µؿڣݣҵĴҲû㣬Ҳǣ׼ңⲻǡ
Ҫиܺԥȥ֮ͥ£ϱҶ˵Ҳͷһء
ݼڵǸˣһ㣬Ȼеδҭ˵ܹҵĴҵĴ
ҵĴҶϴﶼ˿ǻɱٿˣĶĺӣ
˿ݴ󼸸ãҲ˳ͣһֱޣ۾Ҳܲ˰
ҶԵ˺ôһϽԸѾͷȥˮִ̲ʵ֣˺ûȥһߡ
ֶŸЦȥ
ȳݣؿڣֵһģܰˣֻҪ˵Ǹ˳ˣܷƽ˾˰ɣ
ϴҶϽȵظһ裬˵ɤӡ
ŻأݺܸӵؽˣһһУǰӣδ̫ˡ
ǿɶҶ񼫣˲ӣ޵ݿ˿ɺޡ
˵ݵŬ֮£ڵķչԭ鲻һˣҶ֮ǰȻͦԼ檣˼ҪãΪӦ


108 
һƬæңسｹͷö
컹δʱ, ˾ʹߵѾͷ˵, ̵緹һҪ׼ÿһ, ûθ, Բ¡
ȻֻһɴֵѾͷҲ, æһʱŪһӷʢĲɫ, к࣬棬ʽذˡ֣, ôһӡ
, һϵͶɹһ, ָԭ̧ˡ
س̾, ǷѼ졢㶼ͷ, Ȼûθڣʲôأ
һѾͷţ⣡һȵ, һ̡
ô, ˭ˣ˼Ҫҵġس˵, ׻, ̳Բ, ȥһ̵أȻּ˰ͷһС࣬峴˼زˡ
ղһģһؾ嵭ˣسûףѾͷͷ
ڰ·˵ֶ֣ţ߿Щ˺أЩǧˤˣͷһҪʱˡ
һӽп죬һֽóѾͷƽϣҶˣ⸮¾һĿģźӡ
СԺе죬ݳĬغȲ裬ҶǼֲҲ˰ʣһҶ裬Ů˶˵Ҳ㿪ڣ¶˵
δˣˣ
ĻһϲͽģҶ˶ʱõ˽ȣϲؿſڣýˣѺû
ˣҲˡس﹧ػش
Ҷ˺飬еؿݣٳһ㣬ǧܶš
һһںãݿۣθڡ
ĲԣθĹ͵ģθ״̬оԼٶꡣ
˾ͳԣͲԣϲίǿԼҶ˵УҲֻҡҡͷԣûθڡ
Ҷ˶ʱˣ֮ǰѿϤɢȥֻԼӵĽأôһڡ
ݲΪҧأǲɿڡ
Ҷ˼û취ֻñ̬֪ίˣȥ׼㿴вУֻҪĥԼҵӡ
ԼţĳصǸݼþգƽ͵˵һиҹأ˵ҼҲΪҺáֻǣĳԲ£ӻǹĹĵأ
Ҷ˺οһȢĶϱð⻰˵ůġ
ȻϱθǾһǳ˲ˣˮˮģ˵иԼŶûθأ
ҶüͷûڣسŵϽϴ֮ǰ⣬̿ϣԲŻһ嵭ЩġҲûˣ֪ʲôֻҪ˵ϾȥŪ
λﻹأܻԼˣس棬Ϊ˱֣ڶҶ˵òãûθڣһҸǰҲһġ
ݿ飬УҶȻǧ˳ģæ˱飬طԸˣȥЩúźţٲĺô˵꣬ͽеȥǮѳ˺СԺѾͷһ顣
һ緹ûԣôһӣȻˡ
ʮӿʮû˯Ƶģ̲סŹǷԷߣ˯һ
û÷أҶ˼æϣ߶߶Ȱһ˯
ݰڰ֣µڴϣհͷ˯ˡҶ˿ֱֵ̾ЦȰӵ˾˵˯Ǻӳʱ򡣡
⻰˵Ҷ˵ĿϣͲܰѴӱء
˯ˣҶӵ䣬ߵ棬Ҷ˵ȻݳԲ£˰ѷõԺȥҲȥﳳ˯
ҶôҶ˸ˣҹҲֲסˣϸ˰ĵ˼䣬ȥ˯
һֱ˯磬ڼҶ˹˺üΣȸ˯óֵôŶӣðĴӶݡ
ϴٿҶʱҲ֮ǰǰûˣ˾ˣţֵ̫ѿҲá
Ҷ˷ǳˣʣڸö˰ɣʲô
ҶƵģվԱҲ˵ȷʵˣ˯һ˾ûˣͿͻеˡ
Ҷˣ˼˵񻹲Ǻܶء
Ҷ˶ʱ˲緹緹ҲԵģȥĴܺã
š˵ͷ
ɲСҶʾѾͷȥڷȻǣݵ֣ĳȰżһûθҲûʲôôٶԶأܵˣĺҲܲ˰֪㻹СЩǹˣʱҲǳԲ·ôأºСèٲԣҲҪǿԼٳһ㡣
ݺЦţҡҡͷӲȥҲ³ġ
Ҷдǣû£ٳԾˣΪ˶ĺӣҲҪһ̡
ݾˣʲôĸһб
ͷóĬʾ飬ҶȰһ䣺ǲеģȥ㰾סģϸ룬ʲôϷɵĻˮεģһ취Ū
̧ͷ˵ģ
Ȼģұ֤һ㣡Ҷؿڣࡣ
ѾͷڷһӸʽɫмһĸ˲һҿŨŨζ
һ㣬ⷺף֭ƣϻŽ˿һ֪϶ۺܻ
һ̺ŹǣŹǴСУ䣬ðıǺͽɫɫ죬ãһɿڵġ
⻹Сţ⣬±Ѽն죬Լӡ֮زˣԽԽöˮطڳˡ
ȡݽɤӣϽѿˮȥ
ҶڵܣһԷԸŪģôˣܸһİɣ
ǰҶӵݸݣЦϾûԣ϶ˣﲻ룬ҲǶģȳһڣԵͣ
ݽӹӣڿϣסļ鵭ģ볢үͱˣǸϽȥ÷ɡ
ôܲҶھͲæǲһ÷㣿һ𡣡
ȻкһһҵذΧм䣬Ҷ԰вˣÿһЩƬ̣ͶѳСɽ
ӭþȫ־ŰǰСƿ΢Ц˵ǱˣĳԲ¡


109 
ݶһԲ£͸ϽԷȥٶһ, ҪƲסԼֺˡ
Ҷ, ׷ȥȰ䣬ͻȻҶү, æԶ˵ҵȥźү÷, Ͻȥһ壬ôҲҪԼڲС
˶, ҶʮСø, Ѿ˳ؽ˸׵Ľɫ֪ݲԷԺӵ˺жһҶ˵صͷģȥ, 
Ҷ΢˿, תݣ, ϻԺźҶү
, ҪҶ˽ι㣿Ҷһ˵һ߽Է
Ϊݶɵȥ, ƿӣһϴ°ŷӭҲǱö, Ѹٲͷ㿪, ֮°Ⱦܡ
ʹһƤ, ϧһֱûҶ䵥Ļ, ΪǺŽ֡
ò, г𱨳ԹԹ
ĴҪӡݾϴ°ں׷ŭ壬ȴٲҲҪ㣬һ˰ˣ
ҶŵͷƤ飬áˡ֣˵جΡ
ܳĸѾͷˣҶΪæԼģﰧ̾ӡ
룬ֱƲֱȥˡ
̣ܶŭ
̣֡
̣
ĸѾͷֻ֣һݸסˣȰͣ
Ҷͣ½ŲȵؿһĻû뵽ݵҲԼһ죡ǺѾͷͣ
ݿż֮ңУϧǹţòУŭĸѾͷץҸʲôȥҰסҪʹʹһ١
̡ץĸ첲֣ûϴ°ˣ㻳أɲٶˣҪиһĸҲⲻ𡣡
ţжζ
侲ƺȷ˶Ҫ˻ãɾһϵеĺ֢
ߣݳҶһЦ⣬ģ㣬Щȥûׯڳúòã
ҶΣսЦǻʹ𣿺αԶţҪ⣬ˡ
ûˣҵְֽüأ㲻㶯ִˣҲеǰ취ĥϽ÷һһһˣȥѲһ顣
úãȥֻҪϳԷҶʲôӦ

Ժ˶ӺͶϱԷľֻҶүҶˡҶ˰Űַ꣬үϴ֣žӲˡ
ȱˣԵú侲Ҷͥ⿴һۻվźԼķˣҲ
Ҷ£ԼԣȻֻвˣҶүʣүأ
ءҲ֪ôģݺϲϾûԣղŻֱ˵ûθڣ
ҶͥüвˣǳźòãյĽ
ҶͥжϱҶһǳŴȥġ
Ҷ˸æӦ£ǸһֻһʱҲæ˶ܰѶϱźõġ
Ҷͥͷֵ˳ԲãĺಡֻҲǾֻкһҪǶϱܶ󣬼˶ˡ
Ҷĺܲ
ΪŮˣΪҶĿ֦ɢҶĲ㡣Ҳ˹ˣûΪү檣ƫƫԼҲֻ˺޶
ҪǺ༸ֵܽãҲ㣬үһϡĲǳ
ҶԽԽסѾͷźү÷ҵùȥԼǸӣﶮչˣۿţǲԲˡ
ҶͥĶһ٣ȥ־ò̫ʺϣֻȥɣùңǵöӣŶϱ֡
ҶʱͨҶүûط󣬿ڶͨûУ뵽ѵĸѾͷʣͽźү
ҶȻ֮ǰ˵ЩϿʵˣʵֶġ
ҶЩˣٱֿ޼أһͣܲݴ̼ǹЩ°ɡ
ǣҶ˺Ӧʹ˵Ҫ۲С
ҶͥⲻÿɷҶ˸ϽСԺսݾ˵ҪҵĻҶһæֹôԶ·̣ڵܵǷݵڼ̥£ȥ׼㡣
Ҷ˶Ӻģ⽲Щɻ䣬̥û£ǲȵʱ򣬱˵ţڼöʡˣ˴ˣ϶ӡ
ְϸϸһ飬ܶһЩٲٵġ
ⲻ뷨̥أͽɶ𣿶ʱͲˣõĿҲˣԷߣˣҪ˯һ
Ҷ㶵ؿıӰҲЩԹһ䣺Ϊãôôͷ˵أ
ݵӵΪϲТˡ
ϱҪæȰкûе˶ӣ˿ЩҲģֻǿƲס
ҶԼҲЩģ˶ԺźתҲȻˣתͷҶ裺ҽԷû
Ҷɵģһ̯Һ˰Ҫԣͽˣҡ
ǸûõġҶһ¡
ҶŴӻûĵλһǧˣǻˣ
Ҳ㿴ˣﶼҪǧá
һǲǲ𰡡
ҶúɸֵԼĶӣʲôϽ԰ȥұϲȻҹȻչݣ׻ǱȲ㡣
Ҷ£ڰǷͻһŵѣȻȥͬ˵ݣģھҿûʲôҪģ
û˳۾װԼ˯ˡ
ҶһشԹԵúЪţǰһܻġȻתˡ
Ҷ˶ŶӴţ˵ĽŲȥˣϽ񣺡ûзˣ
ôãͶץӷˡ
񣺡˶ˣȥгһݡ
ҪԼôװԲ£æˣ̵ĸҡ
񲻴Ӧĳܶʲôãķ˲ˡ
ǰѾͷᷴĻҲ֪ˣΪõ˼ҲȰϼ䡣
û취ֻƭҿŷ˾ûθڣھֻġ


110 
ҶȻöӿֵţ̫ʧ, æ׼һݺ, ͶԶתȥ
Ҷæڻû緹, Ͷú, ǹ˲ȥݣŷ˯, Լ˷ٹȥҲ١
ᣬץʱ, ĵĳԵ̻ʡ
һǿҶˣǾȻҲСүĽɳݱ˵ĸܡ
ʲô£ٳ, ȫϹ˵, ôȥ˶Ҫ˲˹ˡܵĸԸԲ, ֪˼ҳԲ, ǵðأ
Ƕٵ, һԹģغŲˮڡ
һԽع۲, , Ϊ趼׼ء
, ĨĨ, , ֻ˵ʲôûԡ
Цص˵ͷ̷ģҿ϶˵©ġ
ӣԺȦֿʼǷѵе֢״ô˯أ
ӲԼƵػصϣرۡ
Ҷù̹ȥݵģû˯ãòУʵ֧Ųסڴ˯һʱ
ѺСԺݻ˯ûѣ񣺡һֱûѣмûгԶ
ݵæҡҡͷϵ¶һݣûѣҲûԡ
Ҷ̾ϣ˯еݵ֣ڶͷԣȻߵ棬͵
˯ѣҲǸ취ҪȻôһ
־ǹڵģôһˣܲԼԼ˰ɣ⻰˵ģǾͻ˸˵ôã˵ˣҽһֱûʲôٹ۲۲죬̻ԲȣʱҲ١
Ҷšü룬򣬾´ȥȥģѶϱˣǵͷҲãٿ

ҶϪ壬ּŮûŻʧдŮ
ôͻȻˣأǲϲ̫ãҲŲµһ㣬ڼңŮſɾͲǰôˡ
ݺءҶЦرϲϸУҵ˵òˣϲ·ϵݣûҽ
Ŷһ𾪣žʹϲʱǲһҪúš
֪ϲŵնСҲ˼ˣСңʮĽУǲ֪ʲôʱԼܻϡ
СǸŮˣϸģϸүݵθںòãԵö಻ࣿûʲôرԵģźЩСˣֻ¹Ҳأһүϡ
Ҷشն˵ûôСпǴ£Ǻ÷һߣȥá
Ҳд⣬ϧӵ̫磬Сң˵ɩĸҲȥģ£úӡ
СæصͷҶ迴ô飬ĻʱΪѣֹ
ֿɵؼ˵׼Ʋ˵ǸģΪǲԸЩ˵šְõ˵ģֻȥŮߣ鷳
ҶһҾŲǣˡθڲʲôԣҵǰͲǹȥȰȰءֻ˵û£ͷЩɻ䣬Ҳ̫ݵĶӣ³ʲô⡣˵ˣ£ҪԵǹȥסϼء
ǸˣֻͷɻӲ̸ǷǡŮ˵δţҲм޳ȥĹﻳӣ˼׵̾ˣõŵ£
ֻԼʶ٣ѯʵĿ⿴СңһŮˣ˵أ
Сһ㶣ûֽµĹض࣬Ҳ̫ȷԥ˵ڳŹʱû˭ӣҲ
ڶһˣʣ¶ӣ¸¾ȥˡնڶҶӡ󻹲ԾͰһ¡
ЦˣҲǣһµʱҲ죬գ۾͹ȥˡ˵꣬һ£æҶ裬Ҫ檣ҾΪҲ˵ʲôϾǳ˶ġֻǣڲһ㷲¶˳ЩǧЩ
ҶȸмسնЦЦȻһɫػش֣ûˣѾˡȫ˶Χһ˴ת޲ܰأģһһֱúôġ
ֲĳ⣬ôεദҲ㿴ˣԼŮǱеϣԻǿԵġְֵĽ̵ŮԽԽô
ֻ˴뱲ӣȻ֪һʱĳŵӵĵģϾŮҶҵͷһ̥Ҷܲúô
ڽ飬ҪŮã¸ӣĸƾӹӣŮżҵĵλҲȵˡ
ַĽᣬĴҶļ磬ݻ࣬һЩҲΪ˸Ҷӣʮֲ꣬ߣﰡֻҪƽ˳ºӣҾͼһʲô͸ϽԣҪʲôģȥ򣡡
ĸջնʱǼܵøܽ˵ζŵһĽζµذֱ˼ηѳԵúܣҺĸԼͳԲ£ȺӺһЩϾͽӹĻ
ЩǾ̸֮Ȼľ鲢ḻȫԸ߱׼ҪԼŮ
ҶԾˣô³ȻҪԶҳģҲû죬ֻǸ˵úͿˡ
ϲ£ռһֱϲõУùҶϽ˵Ҫȥһء
벻ŮԾԣοģҺһȥ
նû£Ҳȥˣ˴ͷתһȦСѾ׼̳̳޹ޣȫԼƵĸСˡ
ʱڣûʲô߲ˣնѾ˺ЩԼҵļµģæװӳСĵطŵϡ
նЦ˵÷Ӷ¼ģأñ᲻ãʹԣ¸һ͹ȥ
ҶЦڵĴԼãϾûÿѣϡЩ
ݳĵ|֮£Ҷѵõѧ˿ɫԼ˵˻Ͻлл磬ϲԵˣȻҲ򵽣Ƿž˵ġ
ն⻰˵һ飺ĳ˾ûˣļء
û˵꣬Ȧһ󼦽Ťͷһֻֽȥץȥˡ
׽ֻĸӰѳýģϣ߹˵ȡͷһСÿ¶ͼֻȥ
ҶֵлɫȻˣ͵磬ҵˣý˳ǣݻڵء
һʹ·СģݺúţЩǾȥ


111 
գֻĸŶδĿ־, 쳤ӽлͣ
Ҷ緹ʼ, һֱûЪһ·, ߵ˹ͷᷢ, ʱƣ۾˯, ƫƫֻ޷
̰̣޿, ҶƽͲ֪ϣ
ƽΪү³أԲûֻ𣬸ϽӦһ, ͳԼõķ, ˺춼ýġ
, Ҷر, ոܹȵػ, ûü뽻ƽļһֿˣү, Ͼܽ, һ͵ˣ
Ҷ̾˿, , ǿд, ƿӿ˿ĿǸߴΡĳš
⻹˯ʲôȻ˼ٱ˯һɣҶҰο
صң⼱æӭһ밲һжϵĶҶô
ﶼãүǰߵ鷿
Ҷ˲ЪźȲ裬ȥ鷿˵˼仰ָСԺҪ밲أ
СԺݵ鲢Ҷ٣ΪҶ˾񿴹ܷƵģ綼ﶢȥźˣ˶Ƶģǰ벽û뿪
ɿݣֻ͵ģͶòˡ
ƫƫҶ˻Ϊһʲôûԣ뾡ְ취Ըȥĳʳһذǰܳһڡ
ŻѪϻҪһʳ֢ģٷˣĳԡ¡
˵öЩҧгˣˣ˰
Ҷ˻ΪǷԼϽ˰Ѷߣһ̾һߺۿܡ
ŤͷԼľһٶһģһܵġ
ݣһˣҶһ˽
Ҷϵѹ˲ʧ߸˵ӭ˳ȥǻˣԹû׼Ҽﻹã
ݹˣ̴ӴҶôش
Ҷ迴ͷûúᣬֻһ죬֪ļæ˵ݶһ£һ˵أһо˵û£ݼ͵ģԾǳЩ
ݵ̰ˣţŲţ
ҶѾʧֽǲ˵׼ͣζβءһ֪⣬Ҳ֪ʣºˣ׼ҪϹŮˡ
˵꣬ҶָæοϱݰȥǺᴫҾٱһ񣬸׼Ǹú˵
ûֻǵҶһֲۣȱ
ҶһֵǸЦЦֲЩֻô˵ˣΪ˼СˣݱضԵģֻĸҶˡ
׼ôණҲˣͷҺһ£ôֲҶĶӣܲΪôСʧͰѶӴһٰɣֵˣææطԸѾͷڷ
Ҷֶŷûϴ˸裬һѣȻߣ׼
һӲˣз滹࣬մռСҲ
Ҷ˵үһһ
ɨһ۷ƴסˮ˵ûθڣǳ԰ɡ
Ҷһѹ򶼿˪Ƶģϱôôź
Ҷ迴ֿݣЩ𱸣ôˣѾõˣʹӣһ㡣
ͳ˲졪¿ˮȻͷί˵Ҳӷ˲ãֻǲ
ҶѹҲôͬȥУһˣδճ
ּƣһΪ죬ЩǰδеæµÿĿ⿴ݣ̣ﵽʲô˵ǲźȥѽ
ԣҶ˹Ҫߣʲôֻ˵
̧ͷ۰ͰͿԼˣҶһۣȻߵ˵Ҳ֪ôģķ˾ͲҪǡҪǡ
ҶĿ⾼Ҫʲô
䣬Լ©κһ֣ҶҲһ䣺˵˵
ЦЦƽ̹Сضһը|һү
Ҷһһ˵Լү³ôأ
ҶͷܴǽΪˣô飿
Ҷ췽ҹ̷̲סĿݡ
ϱ̫ˣΪУʲôҪ󶼸ˡԼ껳Ϻ磬Ҳûȹүֵһˮڲǽѵ˵ʱ򣬵ȽҸʱ̵
Ҷ룬ʣǲĶɾ³ԣͱָүˣͺʹ׶ֲˡ΢һȣܿ

ݸտڣҶֻˣתƵȥˡ
׮鷳£ҶʱһɣЦض˵Ƿˣֻ»ʺûôźﶼû¹ˣиҲҪþգ˼ҶǶϱźţǼҵˡ
ǡݳһЦ˵ʺ̫ίˣҸǻ̫Ŷԡ
ԴѹûҪԼµȻôĶӣȻҪݺݵ
ʱʱ
Ҷ豻ĺƤˣҽԱȻ̫أÿǼɽ߻ʵԶȻͻӿڳˡ
ӶùеҶϵķû˿ֿӾҪвˣһƸĵˣŭһТأ
̫ҶֻӵȣɫЩÿ
һҪã
Ҷ˸㣬ܿ죬ֻ輸仰Ĺһ档
Ҳù鹦ڳһֱûϨԭ򣬻ƼӴһ㣬ˮ̾͹ˣһţ΢һȻͿˡ
Ҷһ뼦˿棬˳ﳴļ˿ӣ˼ƬҶһп꣬ϱߣ˼ȥʵɫζȫ
ݣ쳢Ҷִһ˿˿ֺãЩû³ˣ㽫ųڣҲͲҵƬˡ
һζŨĲַ졣
ᣬѹˣԣĺ԰
˵ΪһžͶˣȻôıأ
ҶСع۲ȽֲүҲһӣӲͨѾͷ˵õģ
ѾԸţ˵ＱȱһӡȻܸˣ޲һֻͷûУҪ໨չĴѰһ¡
ҶԼܵȣ¶ϱĺӲܵȰҪԼҲԲ£Ǹô죿


112 
ǰһļ˿档
Ƥˮ, ҶԼЩɶ, ջǱ˼ռϷ硣
ƿ룬ҡҡͷ, ܲ˼˵һүġС, ɬ⺢, ǸƢҲ֪ô, Ҫһء
Ҷбۿݣ֪ģȻ뷨Լˡ
ȵ, ҶҲΪѰ, һǶӣһѾõ, ֱ, ξӽ, Ƕϱ˰
ݣȳ, ͳһڡҶҲ, ݼװʳһЧǷ, Ҷ˰Ҫ󽵵˵, ֻҪϳһڶȵӵ
ǰ, ݲӣ͵ߣһԵ˶Ŀ⾼ض
ŻͶûſͶ¿ӣŻ
ҶҲԥˣѡӡӻôСҪӪʱ򣬶ѾˣһЩЭġ
ߣҪ棬һȥҶҶ衣
Ҷ費ŵؿֵ˵ЦأֲᡣҲȥҾԲġ
Խ˵ԽᶨӲĵߣð벽ģ
˰ɣҲãҪһһ̵ģ첻ûʲô첻Ҳûʲôȵ˺죬ʱúˣһҶܳȥء
ΪⷬȥôҶ˲бף˵ͰҶһߺ֪㲻ᣬǻгôԱ߿ָġҪ룬ǸӳԵģĸ棬˵ȥҲûʲôңҲû˸ͷ˵
ҶקҶ辪ŵͬճͲ˸ĸС񣺡Ҿ˵еֻǲѣȵȻͳˡ
˵ʲôɵأ֪Ӷݳʲôˡ
ģѾԺ棬ҶͥȻҲվ֪˶ˣҶһʹܹȻҪ³
ҶͥؿһۣʲôҲû˵תˡ
һ죬ҶûҶүǰ߶ϱԲ·οܸȾ˵ģҶͥҲȥˣԼǹǿпסˡ
ϱö࣬һһģһ־ãֻҪǽԼ³үܵίҲûʲô˵ףΪԼĺӣ
ǣҶүôİõˣҶôʧȥ֧
ݼƻɹæϣҪҶ֣ͬʱҲŪ٣ɻء
˳ſڣҶ軹̳ǰĴķӡ
Ҷ˿ߵĳٿںĶϱؿء
ҶһҶƽȥ¶иͷ£㡣
ûأݲѬǣֻվſڣ๤ƵģС
سǸڿˣټѾͷ֣ʰúܸɾڷŹÿ߶ྻ¡
Ҷ豻վһڴǰ˱Ťˣȫ˳ƵġӣƫƫҶ˿úܽǾһ˸ֵζϵζǳʹࡣ
ʹ࣬ݾ͸ˣظľүϽѽҺöĺöö
ҶԹؿһۣûнӻ
سѾͷ˵ʼĩȾЩЦежүôһ๫ȻΪһڳԵģ̵ð
үˮϾҪˣȥسѾͷúջԼǰܺذæݶ
ŹǵˮཱུҶЦָӣˡ
Ạ̊́ȵˮСȻòҶүԶ֣һԵѾͷѾɫذѹǸҿˡ
سװӵݹҶŴűߵץһѣҪﶪ
ԳԳԣԸ
ҶһϽס֣ݲŶθڣô࣬ԵꣿһС͹ˡ
ҶʹɹֻúһЩʣµֱӽȻôĿʹؿš
سûЦصݹһ˫ӣҪһ
ҶˣԣȻһˡ
ҶˣָڱſӣĥīƵģȺŽ˽Ž˽ΪȾЩ󣬼ɽ̨ϣԼҲŵһ
Ҷ˻ˣϽץס䣬ϸ֣ʣûһҪСģô󿪴ϵģ֪ĻΪأ
࣬ΪʲôҪôԼΪʲôأ
Ҷ˹ӣس˵Ѿˣذæ̵
ֻʣµζˣҶ趪һɫĸֵζϣһϸϸķĩ״壬ϳӦΣȡһף׼̵ҲҿҪԼ
Ҷ˻ûӦسȵ㿪ˣүǡ
Ҷ̿һ£κǶֲ壬¡ӽһףͣҪ̫࣬ġ
ҶҲǲģһְֵؽ̣Ҷʹ˻ֻܸĲ裬Ҳģ
ڰڵʱҶ鲻Խ˿̷̫ˡ
Ҷ˺ЦݣԣүģԿܲڡ
һԼọ̈̄һҲжӭŴεţȻһı飬佱Ҷ裺ү飬ͷһҲȱǿֲүǼҽָأôһ̾ͻᡣ
Ҷ豻ЩƮƮȻԼεĻģǲϵģƤ⣺ʲôһҲѲҡ
ЦЦʼ棬ȻȲϳģҲ̲ټˣҲԵú㡣
Ҷ˸ж˫ֺʲڱӣܳȥˡһ첻Զľ尾һ졣
ذ꣬һС룬Ҷ˿ļˣĵؿ佱ӣа취ԵöãǸأϡĶĸӶ
ҶֱֵͷȻһԺС
ݲ죬Ҷ裺үû÷ɣҽѾͷѷȥһȣ
ôãһӲˡôһ˵Ҷ˲Ŵ۰ӵʼ۰ĶӣϽһȣҪһ
ҶĶӦعõȲˣֱãҽųһˡȻһơ


113 
ҶһٳԼԼζ, , Ͻȥϴˡ
Ҷ˲ߣֶע, صЩʲô
һ¶, ݵɫ;˺֮ܶ࣬ǰ˵ֲ԰С, Ȼҡҡͷ벻ʱٿɡȥЪ, ˡ
࣬࣬㻳źӲءģ, Ȱͷ¾ͺˡҶЦ۾гһС, ְԺѾͷô˺ü飬ŷĵˡ
Ҷͥ鷿һ, ʳͻصԺ׼Ϣ, ոϴ, Ҷ˲Žݡ
Ǳôˣȥˣ
Ҷ˼үֻһ£ҪЪϢļ, æǸǻүڼ, ֲ, 벻, үԵΣ
ΣҶͥһ˳ԷԵûûζ, Ҳû취˭öϱôźأ
ԣҶͥɫЩ죺УĸҲУû˭㣬ǵԼ³ܳԵȥ
ҶҲöܲãԶˣǶϱӣô죿
ҶͥԽԽ˵ȥ˳ЦöˣǸŹȻڼҸŮԣķأ
Ҷ˸ϽȰүҲġǣܲؿŶϱɣү룬ϱԵģӳԵģôͺܶˡ
Ҷͥӱú붼˲Ҫ㣬ռû̺ŮˡˣµĳǼҳλûУ
ҶˣڰءûŴȥʹȥһˡ
Ҷͥͷһʣ˷û
ûء
ϽԷźˡ
ҶԼû÷ֿɲǣջͼæԸȥ÷ˡ
Ҷ䣬÷ҶͥĴϣһʱ˯ţ߳ߡ
Ҷ˸æķˣӲ˲죬ĵʣүҪҪһ
ˣԡҶͥڰ֣ƲסԼĺģİǸ˼ңܴӶӵ״ŮŶϱǸкŮ
ҶˣƬ̺־úܺЦүῪЦݵĶӶûȥ￴
Ҷͥ㶣ʶԼ˸ɵ⣬ЩȻԣ˯ˡ
Ҷ˿ıӰү䣬ҲˣŤͷСͬһԵֹүҲء
ءֻأѵͲ뱧ӣֻ뱧Ů
Ȼ롣кŮãֻҪӵġҶͻȻסΪҶϡ˵ԼҲֻһΣҪݺͺҲү㣬һֻܻһ̥ǿô죿
ӰɣͲ޺ˡ
ֲ֪뷨ЦŸ͵أᣬŮ
ҶЦЦ÷ᡣ

СԺҶ˸ʰã׼ޡ
Լ̸ǹˣЦӯӯ˵ϻҹСҹﰾסԼ˯ȥô죿
Ҷû˵ֻǿݡ
СʱҶ˴˯꣬Ȼͽչˣȳ꣬Ϊ£ҪǹҶȻ᲻ãҲ˼ҲԲǸһӣúõذߡ
ҶͰԼԺƽʱģרҲڴǰţСҹ˯ġ
ѾͷҹҶ˵ͷһ⡣
ԴӵճӶѾͷչˣѾҸˡ֮ԲѾͷҹԭжһϰԼ˯ԺһԽضԼٴܴȥҲʮء
͵˶˯˭ϲҹοָɰͰ͵Ŀķʽ
ݰڰ֣ȥ˯ﲻҹ
񲻿϶ּǰҪҹҲͰˣڿɲһҺܰģԲᳳ˯ڣҹﻹܰòˮ
ݶʱб۾Ҷһۡ
Ҫ˿ɶܻУţȻЦŶ˵ģⲻǻүôֻܷġ
ǡ񲻷İүôźˣɱԽźԽ⡣
ҵģȥȥҲвǿƵ
ԥһ£Ÿ̸Ǿȥˡ
Ҷ費ɫ౻ߵĵط˵˵ôңΪ㣬һգصˮûȣͱŽˡ
һ̣оԼ뺫ŵġ֮粢磬һ踺أίȫ
ô֪㣿ûĵģ
ݵȻˣֶҶ˽ģбҪ𣿶Դ˾ӦɨҶûдůػҲϲһʥĸ
ΪңüëһͷƢͷΪ˭һûʮ갡ôͻУʱΣûУӶܲˣȴڶԲȥҪΪ˸Ҷӣݶ
ȻŮֻΪˣⲢӰҶǰԼɹ
Ҫ֪үүҶжԼҲҶҵĶˡжرԹ㶼ûˡ
ͷһңҶ費ҷֻӲšݳҶŽӹͷģֺõ˵лú˵ҪͷƢҲ˵ˣԡ
ݺһۣʵΪҶŮ㲻Ǹһʲôίģ
ô壬զأ
Ҷʱо輫ˣһͼ˭ģﱾгջã˵ﻹҪһأź㣬⻹αطǵҪ³ⲻǹĥô
һŭɶ첲Ϻݺһѣ˭ĥ˭Ҫ㣬ܻУ
ǺǡҶɵӣһѣЦ
ôһӾ֣zhngˣ־ϵԶʤڡϵʹɵظ
һˣݾͲˣԸЩҰ࣬Ҫࡣ
Ҷˣ´ùͷϽԼϵЦæӦھȥԸѾͷ׼һˡ
ҲҪģԶ֡
Ҷ辪ˡ
Ϊֻ֮٣û뵽ǵɱ˰
ִ򲻹ݡҲҺ򡪡ôҲֻźúõغͨݣкãһ٣ȥһôˣ
ݶԴ֮Աǣʵʲôܼ˵ģ㲻͵ûñ˼ҵ档


114 
Ǳ˼ҵҶЩιȥ
ϴлǨһ٣ʱҲúܶ, ⶼȥü, ͷЩҲ类Ժˡ
Ҫٸִ˳ȥ, , ȫ˻ú۹⿴
ٲ, ûϢ
뵽ҶĶͷðһ亹, ͵͵һۣ绨żᶨĿĲݵ顣
ദҶ֪϶飬Ͳıˡʹ˷, Թһһȵ, 򲻿ܵġ
㿴ҡҶָԼıӣί, Ǹ, Ǹ, ôң
㿴ҡݲʾָԼĶ, ί, Ǵ, ǸŮ, , ľôŰ޶ĸ㻹ûԣûˣ
һǷɣӵģһԼѪԣǰȣԵøߴˡ
ҶоԼĵֿݴһСŵøæ˱ۣ
ҿˣݴʤߵ΢Цʹȡ
ʲôŲëԼŮٷôˣ󣬳ܳ
Ҷ࣬ľһ´һ裬ݺˣѲյŻصϣҶŲյģúЪţȥ鷿ˡ
ǲ𣬻㲻ڼ農
˵ţߣݼæסȥЪˣøҹ
ҸҹҶתϸһŭɫֻϢĹ򣬻ݱͻԼƬŭ̽˶
Ʊǿô죿
Ҷźòյ׼ϴһŵؿڣεε˵ˣ˯û˯࣬һҹѹҵĶӾͲˡίڽϹһҹɣҽЩҺ
Ҷͷǰֻ˳Ľ齣Ťͷߵİ齣ԽԽˣôСխʲôӲܰԼȥ
ҶȻܾУ˯ˣſڴ߻˰ҹġ
ݺǺһЦɴͱ˯ˣվŸҹ
Ҷ赱Ȼϣûע⣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣһ˴Ȼ˫ֽץŴˣֻڻƵģ޲ӰԼʹһ
ţ˭һеģԼµš
㣬ҵǲۣԼ߳ôҶߣ˿ﻹȰ䡣
ҲҲ棬Ĭ䣬ջؽš
Ҷ豳籩Ѿȥɵ¶һóѵЦݡ
˾ôˣҲ˵βĳߴþˣ˵˯ˣɵÿ
Ҷ豼˴죬òУ۾һվػܹȥˡǰװûʳŹһģ˯أһҲ
ʼپҶһ¡
Է޶ϸһƵʶûıһ¡Ȼ˯ͷ
٣ݳϵҶڱˣ۶Ժʣʲô
Ҫޡѣصһѡ
£ҶȫˣҲԼΡҹҪչ˺ݡ
չ˰ôѾͷ԰׷Ҷͷͷǡ
ΪԼأϽƣȥޡݼˣƨ|ɵϾһ¡
໣Ҷһͦ˽ý´ͷŭݣǡ̫ˣ
ٲһܸ񡣡ĵ˶⣬͵õзնҶ裬η塣
Ҷû취ֻȵϵƣ˼멸ţȻȥ
ǰһߣһߴǷήҡ
⸱Ӽȡݣ䣬ҲȥͰͲϲϴϴ֣Ȼվڰ뿪Ĵǰҹɫ
ҹ¸߹ңȿֺسգ۾ݴʱ֪ĳ
ҹɫںټӡļҲǱһ㲼Ƶġ
ݴվһңƵسȥ
ҶѾ˯ˣʹ߽Ȼ͵һ¡
ôһƣҶʱһģĲվ壬ҡҡͷ㶵ˣǻȥ˯ɡ
ҿˡ
ôֿˣǸպȹ裿ҶЩͷˣݵôࣿ
ҪҰѾͷнźɡŹǷ۾ʼմڰյ״̬
ҡͷҪѾͷүĺ𡣡
ҶǷĶһ٣ɴ۾ɨһ飬ȻЦˡ
⻰˵涯ҶĵĲͷȥצ۹ֻпݾԼƣûңͳԲҲȲˡ
ǰݶǴҶ費Ůһʶ֮࣬ҲƵúܣѵԼûһĿȡ֮
Ȼ䱻˿أһɸߵļ飬Ů˶ǿķǵģֵΣʵֻһأ
Ҷ豻ּ֧ţԹԵȥ裬ں׷һ䣺Ҫ裬յˮˡ
ȹˮ»صϣҶ̵һų˯ˡ
ڵӷһʱҲ˯ˡҹޣһؿģְҶȽַ꣬ԸˮԼϴ֡
һĻأݱˣһߵҶϣŽҶˣȥࡣ
˯ʵҶ֮ǰĺ飬ץͷһɣгأ˯һ
ݲĵȥץҺöĶӿҪˡ
ҶҶһкܽĳЩɻ䣬ȷ˵֣ײ˵ڵġ
ģϹ˵ʲôҶ޿κε֣صҪģʲôˮƽӦġ
ˮƽҪؽһܾ尾ݾ;ˬЦеһ£үòóԲҪҪ⡣ֻҪһ뵽үģҰ˶ܳԳͷأ
⻰ʵ̫ˣҶ輫Ͷһ´һЦɻȥ
ݼַͣŵԼĶϣүáȺҲء
СһƬƽ̹ҶʲôҲûⲻ룬̸˵Ƶģֵߵߵȥˡ
ߺƽط¡ĶĶеʮڣһҪҶ˩ڳ
ӿ۾ģʣ̣Ҫô
ͻȻһ£æ˵үȥˣҸղǽϴȥȥţǧʺˡ
ĬĬ̷ģүϴء
˿ôҲðʱǾ;Ȳ˵


115 
ҶΪǸܼ򵥵Ļ׷Žˮ, ž, ջòôɰ, ʵҲġ
Ҷүݹٳʱ, ѾͷǶ¶ı飬ֻسȻһЦ, ӭ񣺡ү֪ʲô
ɡҶ˫ָڱ, ƵᣬҲǿΪ֮ɫ
Ȼ¿ͷѣֻҪͷ, ȻȻˡ
Ͱһ, ȻүҪԶ֣سҲͲ⻰, ϽڳһڸɾĹ, ˮ, ֶһϴİס
ҶˣҪﵹʱͻȻ, ͣס, Ťͷ÷Ŷף
سЦŴ𣺡һ, ˮ, ͸ոպáү, ȫȥɡ
ҶͷʾˣȻ׵
زѣһƣҵ׽˽Ȼ֣Գ˵úÿŻҪԵġȻʹҡڵˡ
ȥ˵ֵ˻²ģĴĥ󹤣뻹ȥ鷿
ŲˣҶ趪飬˳һѾˣسﶼʢڰء
ȻǸܸˣºϸİҶЦſ佱
⻹سͷһصõүĿ佱ЦúܿģְϺüСˣԶ̣үˣھ͹ȥô
ţҶǰߡ
ʱôȱϯأ
ѾˣĸĵѾͷԺСС鶼ָƣ˵ҶĺŪԼֻһ׾ˡ
һҲţжԲߡ
Ҷ˱ҶûҪЩһ͵θֹŹֵĶϱҴææϴ͹ˡ
ݣôûθˣҶġ
һЦ֪أү¶źӣһȥˡ
ҶԵһ϶үģǶϱУΪѶӡ
棬Ѿ֮٣ˣ
ҶϵĹ֮˲ʧҪ˵ݼ䣬ҶĴɤԺݣˣ
˰ˣѾˣʱкãѵҪöӰһô
Ҷ˳ǣǿЦŶ˵£һҪ롣үˣ˵ңһ˴뱲û˵أ
˼ԣ֪Ϊ֮ľ͸øм㣬ߵŰݶԷĴ£ƫƫǸƤޱʾֻǳЦ˵Ҳүӣ˭б˲үôϧԼ׹أ
ҶĬĬ֪ô⻰ǡҶسˣҶ˸ϽתЦЦض˵ڿ죬Һүһֻȹһء
һ裬ǳյ˾衣
Ҷ㶣ֵʣ⻰Ǻûô˾ùֵֹأ
Ҷû뵽ĶӾȻֵزϱأѻ˵ô͸±˲֪Լ
찵ЦȻȥҶˣԺ˵үô
Ķ磬Ҷ˾ãҲ˳ݵ̨ףϣǸóһġˣүһȥɣ
Ҷ費֪ķж²֣ϽسسæشģСء
죬Ҷͥ緹һ졣
ҶŶӶϱֱСԺˣֻ˸СѾͷȥүص
Ҷͥڷǰǰһ˵ү࣬˼ãΪʲôȻϱô˭ĶԲ£ֻϳԶأ
Щľη飬һСڣ᲻£ϸƷƷȻƿˡ
óˣŨأ
˵̵Ҫү࣬س򲻸ֻһģԳ࣬СԼͷ֮Ķ
ҶԾйҶӣ͸ϽԼһӣؿһڡ
Ҷ˴Ȱؿֿһۣţϱ컹Ӳغء
ҶһɣҲųţͷֲԾˣôϱʲô˶УֻССڵǰࣿ
ݣԵҶ˼һѼŵݵôˣаͷͱʲôãǧҪҪ֪һ˳˳Ϊ˶ĺӣɲʳ
ݳЦЦлȻѼƲһߣֻСࡣ
Ҷأ״˲õԤУɨһ۷ϳСǴռģϽƵǰ˵԰಻ãôҲҪ˰
ҡҡͷ״ǲӡ
Ҷ˺뷢ƢǶŶϱӣٴĻҲҷ㵽ʲôϸ롣
ݹͿʼˣ÷ǳ棬Ҷ˼סڵȴĻش𣬾ҶҲҷ׽ˣؿ
ֻҪүģҾ;úܺóԡٺãžһɹζգգۣһ˫ˮŬ͸¶Լ޹
ҶŤͷӣҶŵİӶˣֵ˵ѾˣҪô
Ҷ˾ȥ
Ҷ迴ƣ֪ԼҪ꣬ί˵ܲܽٸ˰ɣҲȥԲȥġ
ҶҲô죿ӻСأڶϱĶأűסˣֻίˡ
ĸΪҪҪ˶˾޴ķ硣Ҷ˵ȲҶ裬ҶСТģҲþȫȥֿ
ǣڽڰˣۿҪȥˣҶֻܰϣϣͰ͵غݣ㲢Բ˵ģԲԣ˵
ֻЦؿĸӣȲȰܣҲΪһеƷʵĳԹȺڣҶȣŵػ˻֣߰㣡
֣ԼߡԺӣҶһû³ӵʲôʱ
ءݣҶϵĲ¶ˣ̫ˣûŹֵˡ
Թ꣬Ҷ˵ɫͺͻ˺ܶ࣬Ͳǿ̱ӣ˶ºʹƣỳҶ𱦱Ķϱˡ
Ҷ룬ȻԼҵɣȰӣеˣζǧٹ֣ûƫ̵÷Ķء
Ҷо棺ôԵ£
ͨ˵ȻܲˣֻҪǵãе˿ζŹ־ˡ룬ٹŹҲֻͷ£ֻʣһ£ôһ̣͵ΪĶӡ
һ£̣ҶõЩο壬׼ɿͻȻʧеﰡĲ᳴ˣͱٱˡ⹦㲻ȰȰݡ


116 
ҶȻ֪ԼĶǸʲôӣô, û, ζ϶ֲˣָúõسһ̲ˣһ̶|ҩࡣ
ĸ˳, Ҷ趫, Ūһɣȥ, £ҵİӻûأ
Ҷ۶, ļΪѣǾ͵ǾһСˣá
س˵ŪһС˰ɣүȥһͿˡ
, Ҷͷʾͬ, һ³¯С˰ݵǰ
ݾСˣС, ȻĨĨ, Ҷ˵ү, ҳԱˡ
ҶЦۣ¶, ܺùԲȡ
ҶҲܵ, ָǵûС, Ѿͷ˵, ǧ, ٳһء
ҶͥʹҶ裬ûУһҪȥԼҵӣҶϽˣҶ˵ġ
ݵзӦֻһ㣬ǰ˯ţʹǷҶæȥ˯Ӳš
ҲſϾǻҶһй֮ЦЦҲȥЪŰɣңôѾͷء
Ҷ˰ݰٺãŻԺ
һ˯ѣ緹дʱûˣϽԸ񣺡ȥʲôóԵģĵһݹ
죬ֻ˵ĺҶһ棬ԵС࣬Ļʳ̫嵭ˣݿûҪίԼ
ԼģԼϧԼָ㣿
ᣬȥ˳Ƭ̺һˣһŹǣ滹ֻȲ㡣
㿴ˣӹԸȥţֹͻȻԼ̵ز͡
һ붫̾˿緹ʡˡ
ҶͥҶڷǰϻģҶ˼ǣæ˴ˮźϴֺȻЦ˵ˣ緹ãͽȥݹ
ҶŲյͷ
˴ͷԸģȥһˣǰʣµС˶һȻȥԺ
ĸڷǰһˣҶͥӣ˲Ÿſ
ѾͷΦӸλǰһС׻׷ĬذƿϽʢС
Ҷ˼˾ʣֳࣿҪ׷̫ɣȺѾͷ˵⼦õľǴҴĸţء
ЦЦȲȼҲ׷ӲɫֻרʣһССˣ΢ʣ࣬ССڵţ˹
Ҷ˲ûθڣ֪˵棬ӣٿүʲôҲû˵ֻԼԷĶˡ
ȵҶͥԱ˿ӣҶŴߴٶӣԿЩûʲôû𣿡
ݵС࣬ôþȻʣһ롣
Ҷͷ޲ܰԼʲôûҲʲôû
Ҷ˽ΣӲӻͻȻͱüԣӾֻһʣ̲ˣôԵȥ
Ҷ̧ͷ¶һſҪô죿

ĸȥߣҶ˵ȥתҳһ̲ˣ˵ġ
ҶЦˣ͸ˡ
ߺҶͥⲻԲؽ䣬ֻʣһ˻ڷǰҲţѾͷݹĲƵغš
Ҷ˿ֿŵسһˣҲҪѾͷæҶֶţЦӯӯض˵һҪúóԣʣʣáүֳģ㳢
鷳үˣ⺢һúôƨ|ɡŵ棬仹ǱһȻҪġ
УСӲܴ򡣡ҶֻͬҪϳԣҡүһʲôء
ҶѾԱˣȥһȦʱЩڿʣæյЦݣ쳢
ݶϵЦӶؼһӣ͵ߣδſڣ壬¿ŤͷŻ
ҶһʲôʲôݸŻ꣬ʮֱǸؿĸ˵йɹζž¡
ɻ첻أҶ³Ъ˰׵˼Ҫˣߡ
ѽȵȡȵȡ
ҶУҶ뷴ɾ
ЦЦԸ񣺡Ͻȥæүͷһسأ
֪˼æǼ٣๤棬ĬĬظȥ
ԭ͵ĳҶŪüɹһͽˣ̵ɱĲҽУһǻ̫󣬹ﾹҪơ
ҶľƣسҲûõȥһǽ壬֪еʰء
Ѿţ֮ҶڳһСˣζȲ˵⿴ɫڵģҲ֪ǳ˻ǽ͵ֻ̫࣬߶߽С
ݣѾˣġҶȻ԰ǿž֪Լ̲˱ضѳˣҾ˵óƫϡ
ӣ̾˿˵ɫ㡢ζһҲմߣһڡ
ССһˣ裬¸ҵطŽ˽¡ȻѳԵ㣬ֻҪҩҶҪܵ͸֮¡
Ҷ˳̲ˣ͹͸һͳ֣ϳֻһСˣԼֻԸүĶ֮ͲίԼˡ
ڶֱҶ˵̲˶ȥͬʱЦӯӯض˽͵ԹүֳĲˣٿģҺȻθڡ
ǺǣֻҪԸԾͺáҶ¶һȿ޻ѿЦ
ݾҶ˵̲ˣС׷һѣҶֱϱ̵ĵطȻĺҶͬʱһο顣
ܳԾͺãҪһֱôܳȥ/ضװֵģ
ҶͥװԼڿ飬ʵŶĶĸڶֳ죬жܳ¶ʱҲ̲סˡ
Ҷͥ´ߣʱͣͣصشӱһȻ˦ȥ
Ҷ˱ŪرΣúõģʲôƢأǵŶϱ档
ݻ룬Ҷ˸Ͻοү߲֪˭ͷ˳أǱ
ݲŲȻǳ˵ʵҶͥǼƷ͵Ǹˡ
ͷԭռҸ٣ҶͥϽһӸŵˡȻû˵ҪռҸ˵Щۿִ󷽣ʱ¶ԲҶͥõĺôռҸΪһٺݴȥ
ԣҶңϲľ
б¾͵հŲԭյü˳۵ģΪŵһϲͻ̻̲ա
Цⲻ䣬ʣбװɣƽʱһ̵úࡣ˵顢磬԰ɣúΣǧϰ
Ҷû뵽ֲŵ飬˴ȻҿүȻҪؿˡ
Ҷֽ̹ݵݵģֻͷ͵Ц


117 
ʱ䣬ԼԲүĲ, ͶԱĲûθڵˡ
ҶͥⷢһƢ, ˽±Ҷ˸Ȱסˣûݵ淸׵ĳë
Ҷһεؽ, ͵, ƫƫţҶȰȰ, ڳ˸
˵ջòϴвҲԶ, ֻҪһˣڱְֽ˼֮ôҲڳȡòСĽ
ڣҶĳվͱݱǿ, Ϊʦ
Ҷ豾һûϽĵ, ڳܿ࣬ζ, ûд, 鶼żŷһҳ, Ҷ˿, ̲ס͵Թ
ү, úõһӺ, ڶʲôˡ˵ȥ, Ц˵Ĵ
ָϽοҲû취, ˭̵θôŹأôҲû೤ˣ̵Ķ£ʱʲô㣬۲үˡ
Ҷ˳̾ﻹһӽӴ˷ɻڴأЦСµ顣ʱ㲻ôģĸŮ˲Լɷͷأôһ㶼ż
̻Сû̵һУﻹôȫ
ţŶҲ˵ʲôģչȥȰȰЩ»Ǹ߸Ҳʱ򣬱̫ˡ
ͷģͷҾȥ̣ͬ˵
СԺںѡ
ϴŲ϶ĳģҶ費һԿ˼ۣԾѾѧˣġ
ݳԵú𣬿佱䣬Ҷܲÿ䣬һƮƮȻ
үԽԽܸˣȻֻҪǽӣﶼᷢġүŽðͰλＷÿûطվˡݿ佱֮࣬ϴԣÿÿүķˣҪпһأϱӵٺ£үôõѽҲУķ̫̫򽻵ȻҪ֪үԭˣ϶Ľҡ
һһĸñӣҶκġ
տʼĻЩȻ̫ϰߣˣȻҲԼ޶Ӧ顣
ݳѣĹ룬šһʪҪ֣·ϾͱҶˣֺõض˵źһء
һЦáźۣϾˣǼĶҲӲ㣬Ҫչһ¡˵ףҲΪ˸ﴫڽӴں˰ûΪôһͬĿ꣬ҸԳԲԣ
Ҷͷʾͬԭ״˼Ҳڲ֪Уɶ
Ц˭һ͵Ĵڶ߶һ䣬˼ܲתŹ֡
ɫݳɹ
ϴֵ֣ճʱˣҶ軹ݲãֲǶӴ߲ˣʲô
ǵȽԷڴϣҶţ°ҶҵĽӸѹˣ鷳үЬ
ȻҶѾٵִԣ֣ܰЬһܸоֻ˲ĻֺڴӦǲǾҪôԼϴˣ
ҲôֱضҶ衣
Ҷ˽ս⿴񣬾͵Ѱɣ㲻ϲ𣿡
Ҫֱŵġ죬
ҶոӲģȻһֲɸ˵Եãƣңһ̾һ̵ذЬ
ѵһֻЬʱϻЩŤɫϵĶҲô˳һֻ꣬ҲͲŤˣѵʣµֻ
ڴϣЦЦлүԼȥɣҪ˯һ
ҶǺñӣѧѾͷƽʱӣһ飬ȻŸ֣һ絭سȥˣ˿һոհŮѹЬˡ
˯һѹʱŵ˵ϸϸģ˵ĶЩչиĻ⡣
մӴ˶⣬ֹסͷһź
ѣϴȥݲ裬ָŵӶԵ˵
ǸˣҶ˸ǰܵģ̿ҲͲٿСĥŷ˵ķԸ˼ôڲźá
Щ죬лҪҲ֪˵˼ŵİʾ
ͲָһյɫģӦлҪ˵Ͻ˵š
ݴƳĬЦֹˣղ˯̫֪ˡ
Ǻǣҹ̡˯źأҪԱ˯㣬Сүųÿ졣ЦеڳԵúã˯úãҺͷҲͲˡտʼǼ죬跹˼˵ˣ˶ҹϲۡ
е㲻˼Ǻ̫ˣҲġ
ֵͷϸϸۣҲֲ֪̣ɫöˣ˵ģ֦ͷĺƻƵġ
ϧԼˣҲֻΪ˱ҶίԼ죬ʹѡ˲Ρ㽺֮ĺöͷҲˣðװۡ
ҶУ˵֥顢֮ĳ˶̥ãϽȥõĻ߲ܣԺӺòõʱԼȴõԶ׼ĺô
ƤϸͷںڷӶӺˡ
ֿԼݺԼƷⶼŵĹͣ޺öҳԣ֪Ůһ㣬Ҳ֪ҶĺӣҲûʲôܱģֻܾԺãŽӸҾˡ
˵⻰ʱȻЦŵģ̬ȴʮƽŪõһʱò׼ĻֻǸ֮
벻׾Ͳˣ˳Լ˼·½ӻү˲٣ʱеۡ˵ӣŮԵأ
ֲɵӣ˼̲סЦ
žˣһĲǶӣǸŮүЩѱȫ
Ǹˣм˼ΪСף͵̣˵ŮӣŮ˵׼ġǸҲͰˣһŮأүͷǶҪŮġ
ֹסЦػش֪һƬģʵ˼˵ɣкŮҶһۡߣүֲõӱģĸԸΪ˺ѧϰ±£ôأֻ˵ķʵ̫óˣѵҪĲɣ
ֳĬˡү³;ʳ⻹бȣ


118 
˸ӣô˵, һԶİ鶼ƵҶͷȥ
⻹ôȥƵػȥԺظҶˡ
̴ȥ˰ɣ, үЩ鵹ее˼˵úί񣬲²ð, ɴͷŪ
Ҷһ, һӺ, ĸԸģ
ְ׻ȥ˵ô죬ͷ̣
вСҶҡͷ, ϱӣػ˵ͷˡ
ҶЩɥٵȵȰɣټ
ҶΪ, ѵϱʵ쾭, ݹãҲ˵̱, ҵĶϱǲﲻ, Ȼô
⻰, ̲סһѺ
ݲŲأϾһ˽Ǯĸ, Ůô, Ųϲ, Լۡ
Ҫë, ͸Ҷһɢ, ˽ǮŮϺӣ
ʮ̹Ȼ˿˵ҶСԺʱʹҶԼء
ŸտżҶ˼״ҪȥЪŰɡ
Ҷҹ꡵ϴԹ£ԼٰƲϵΪ˽ڣźԼŮ˲㶪෴һֵֺñĸнڲ٣ûݿĴԽԽô
ǣҶŸӸߣȵضҶ˵֣ЦѾͷչĲأˡһ˵һ˲裬Ҳһ
Ҷ˲ΪⱭеˣŬԼЦŶ˵ҽ˴򣬾ǰǼҳλһҪˣĶҲ£̥Ѿˣƽʱ߶߶Ҳ¡ϻүȥң˵̫Ҫþǣȥ㣬òã
⵱Ȼѽϸ㣬ݿĸµʱûˡռһˡ
һȥɣũأʹҲס
ֱ˵˵ˣҶ˵ͱʾͬ⣺ôԶ·أүȥ㡣
ҡҡͷʮּᶨϰ߳˾ţһȥǡ
⺢ӣʱͱˣҲΪáҶ˵Ļû˵꣬Ѿͷ˵ˡ
Ƚд㿴˵Ҷ˼æݵߡ
Ҷ¿ǸˣҲŹȥ֡
Ҷ˵λǼﳣģɶͷһؼ档ճ£ʮ£һɫ޳ۣºͣΪأΪҩĴ򽻵һɵҩζ
ͷֲųһ˾̤ʵ
Ҷ̽Ѿͷϲ裬ֺЦк´ͷ㿴ϱ
´ɨһȦȻ£С϶࿴ۣϲ˰ɣϲϲ
ݵĶӸ£΢΢ͻһ㣬һƲ
ҶЦúϲ£죺ģܿ
´ЦЦ£ó棬ԼһյĹ򣬳´ջ֣ЦŶҶ˵ȽҲãϲˣ̶ﴧء
Ҷ˵ɴ۾š
´ͷظһ飺ȷ˫̥Ҳῴġ
ѽҶ˻ϲò֪ǺãԭתȦҶ裬ȥϲүҲһ¡
ҶϽȥˣҶֿ򣺡ܲܿкŮֻһһŮ
´һ侲Щ²ؼݣо֣ȻشҶˣʱŮǸͷأ˫̥ɲ
ԶԶԣлˡ
´˵˼ע˳ԺúȺ˯⣬ҪעⱣ鿪ʣҶ˺̣ܽͷϸ
ҶͥҶˣԸ϶һģһϲ죬ҶͥذѴ뵽ǰԺ˼䣬ȻϺ
ԺҶҶ˷ϲá
Ҷ˸˵θ˺üȣ޶ӣǿһӾ͵
ҶҲЦ۾ˣ¶һĴǫҲڱӣֻҪˣȺҪ
࣬࣡Ҷ˸Ͻ˵˵ҰͲĸأͷ˶
ۿţһ
ЩˣӣǴŹأȻˡԭ;Ǹѹأֳ˫̥ϼѡϸһĥû׼ֻм¿ɻˡ
Ҷ˺Ҷ˵˵ЦЦһӣôһˡҶŤͷ˿Щְæ߹Ц˵ݣ߲ѽ
ǿЦЦ˸Pƽ˳꣬ٸҲ١
Ҫһˡݾɻᡣ
ӴôŻأҶæ֮ǰΪ㻳һţˣĴڼǹ㣬Ҫ
áݺܼ֣˼֣ڼ˶Ҫƻˣһߡ
Ҷ˶ȻܾвС
ҶҲŵҪļȻھȥ
ԶԡҶ˵ͷ׼סա
ҲûãҾؼҿϴε˵ҪֻСҲ֪ڳˣмĸСˣһҾˮ
ɡҶ˿ЦãֻлҪĺӣ˵˵ȥϱšŲһΪʲô³أ
ݲŲؽ˭ԼѾˣʽ̥˭ܽܰ
⣬⼸һҪĵعŲҪôء
ҶͥߴͽˣǡݵĻϱʵȡ֣Ϊﻳһԣǿǹ֣ͶҶ˵̵úʵЩкȥһˡ
Ҷ˾òףȰ˵䣬Ҷͥһɨȥ̱첻ˡ
Ըﵽû˵ʲôͺҶѰ˸ԼԺӡ
ӶϱһߣҶ˾Ϳڵүʱôöϱš
һƤĴҪҶֻͥүܸ⣬ֱ׳ݳˡ
˭֪ҶͥͷĳƪֱۣӻӻִĻüõ˵㻹ڵģ֮ǰһ飬ǼϱǸӲƢҪǲ⣬ŲϾ͸˵ûθڣԲȣͲӣ
ò˵ҶͥĴҶҪˣҲٵԭ򣬼ɫɫˣԿҲ׼
Ҷƿԣ˵ݵӻǺܺģǶүæѻ˻ȥ


119 
֮ǰյ֪ԼУͶԹη, ֪, ͻȻһֺ顣
ˣһصСԺ, ͿʼҶѵˡ
Ҷ费վ, ֵʵֹɣ˱еʦǰѧ
, ǲﲻʲôȥŪ
£ݺ˾ؽѵ, һڣʮа˴ζʹȥ³ҶٲȻѾ䡣˿£Ϊһ׶, ϶ˡ
˵, Ҳ죬Դ, Щմմϲ
, ڻݿα, Ѱ˸ˣǰҾ˵, Ҫ̫
ǡ㿴, ˶, ˭ʲôö, ȸ, ҵﶼҪءҶشúܿ죬ȴ˸ۣܲΪȻ
Ҳֻ⼸ˣȺ㻹ôˡ
ҶŶʮ꣬С˶ûĹģΪ˼Ƚϼ򵥣ֻԼһ۾ͿԲԣҲ⣬ֻЦ
ԭǹίȫģἺΪˣҲûý֡
ݸָҲˬҾ˶ֲźáڽ½˵ɣ֪ܲ˳һء
Ҳڸ㿪ЦΪ˸ҶҴڽӴҶôడʱȻӦǮĳǮĳҹͬŬӭҶҵĽ𱦱
Ҷû̫ɵɵʣôǮôҪӻ³Ըе㻨Ǯ
ǳӵˣҳԵЩöһģͳˡ
Ҷһ壺
һװ۵ָͷǰҡҡҪǲ뿴һʬ÷ңҹúøҹҪѾͷǸѣ۹·˷ϷЩ̫ôź̫ģˡ
ҶֱӺô̫Լأ
һ죬죬ֻЩҶϽ˸ڣ֪ˡúЪţȥ
£ûͻȻһֶС˰ʰѣסһٻ
ҶɫԥֻﲻϡҪڣضͬݳŵġ
̾Ͳˣڿ˵·ϵţҪŻŵظϻǹػµ߲ң
ҶƢæ֪ˣȥ˵Ȼ֮󼪣ͷϵԶԶġ
ҶһȻͬռҹҹдǵطȥһ۾ͺãôҪ¹ҹҿǣ̤ܲʵҪһȥ
Ǳûĸȥ˭дҶ˵·࣬ЪһϢˣڶ
Ҷ˴۲βŵͷһҪСģݸҿˣһͷ˿Ҷֻ㡣
ҶæشӦֳȥҶæ׼ռҵ
һ磬ù緹ݾ׼ˡ
Ҷ䲻ģַ·Ҫȥĵط̶ѨƵģһռҵĻʳãһֵ˯Ĵ̲࣬һҧݵĶô죿
úܲͷɫ
Ҷ˼ŻȻԼڴСˣЩڨڨģתͷҶ裬·ЩְѹĵĻ˵һſϷߡ
Ҷ˵߶ֻݣҶ趼һ˶һۣʲôû˵
ҶԼٲҲꡣݸףǰ˵Ļⲻ֮٣ҶȻ߶㻹Ǻõġ
ݻúܼʱռҸʰôС׼վͽǿŮء
ŮŮָ˵úܣŮУҪǰȥȴҶһȡ
ҶԭǸ˿Ů˵ˣȥĶ˵ˣֱӴֵǰߣҲܺûи
ݲŲë˵Ҷ費Ͳ϶ﻹѾͷûˤԼ
Ҷ˵ʲô
Զﴧ𵰵ݣֻͷȺúõذݷȥźȵˣȻֵԼϳ
ûʱĶԼ͹Ĵ̫һޡһԵҲˡ
ݼʶȤڿ죬Լˣʾǳ⣬ɵضո佱ģүҿɺˣˤˣ޲ܰأ
ʱ˴ܺֱ׵ĿƼƷ㶣һʱӦҶ豻ߺ
ûٿǴ඼˽ֻ˵ʱڵ棬һͨ䣬оͦ˼ģﻹ̵ġ
ֿŮ΢̲סЦĴҶļ򣺡ҹȻû㡣
õĿ϶ҶжˣתסݣСģ㡣
£Сæȥݲõģնᳵ·ذжȻŽ˵
ֺնˣԻеݣЩ޴룬֪ôźã˰ҲʿûУԼԵúòѣݶЦŻشܺá
СϸģϹ㣬Ͱȥ˵Ļ
СʮĽؿݵĶӣϸϸذӶ˸飬ãСҲŵͷ̾еˣҪҲоͺˡ
ӱ˵СҺҶ˶һˣĵ˼ĽȾ£ǰԼ˵죬ΪԼþǲٳּŮ
СҳҲмˣ˶ûżԼȼһûϣ;ռңûռҵķˡ
Щֲ˼Ա˽Ǳݣ̲ס
ϻ˵ү檣Լǻϣضҵӳʲô⣬ŸɴҲ˻ܲռҵĸƫƫҪ
ݾˣķ׾񰡣ûŮɫסˡ
ɩӣһȰƽʱҪźӵ飬ԽļþԽϻظҿǸҲ˵ˣҪľǷ顣Ȱ㿴ң׿һ˲еģŶãȫûҪӡ
СȥˣĻ϶дģȶ༸£Ҫǻϣȥ
ôţһظĸоСҲ˼ЦЦ˵˵ҾͺöˣϧԶƽʱܼϡ
ڼңҳŲ̫㣬㣬ʱԽңʹֲ㡣
ǵᣬֻˣǳԷô죿
ݺ뷭ۣǰСҸԼʱҲû⸸ˡСҵӣݾȰҲȰѽ


120 
ССĴＸûʲôܣͣռſʱ, ȫ˶֪ռҵĹүˡ
Ͻ, մĸһӼһ, һЩϲˡ
ⱻ뵽˵, մĸֱСҵӣŮֿ, иĻ⡣
մĸЦеؿݣϻ˵ˣҾͺ뿴, СûĸĵȻҪ࿴ŵˡθôڣ
лĸģҺء
մĸͷ, һ, ְƵСϣĳ˵ݶѾ, ھͿˡ
СҸȥ˲
ڴ, ־׵ֵ, մĸǴСָݺСһЩģС, մĸϰš
ݼƲ, æ, ҵ͸綼ż, ĸɩʲôã˵, ƽʱ̫໹׻ϣЩ˳Ȼĵ걧
մĸ˳Ҫ˵ӣȢʲôáĻҿǵҶҵ̣ݵ棬ָɩӣôе㲻ӡ
մĸЦЦݼ޵ҶңȻ˼ʶҶˣҲ˵
ʵûֻݳҶ˵ӣͰմĸסˡҶ˭ǿǹټ̫̫ʶ¸ܱȵģ
մĸȱ֣æ⣬С˵ûʲôҼҴһնû£æ졣
ֻն֣Ϊֻ֪ҪնˣСװ֪ҲҪԼҸɻġ
̿Сңôش
ƾ˵ȻСҵ˼ϣӹɣСһŮˣͻݵ˷ָݾٻӣҲ
СԼɩӣǺܸ˵ģΨһǵľСҵ̫һϴĸܾ˿»Կ
ȻСҵĻشȴܱ£ݿ൱档
СشģĸҪˣͷҾ͸˵һ
ȲӦҲֻܾ˵ԼתնֻԼ˻ӱֵ쾡¡
մĸЦҾ͵ǴӦˣˣͿˡ
СЦЦ˵ҿɲɵĸģһġ
ݿǰһĻЩûסЦ
ǰնûʱ򣬴ĸְҸɻǸôƽϵˣֵ֮䣬һôˣ
նȻʵԴһҵĸ鲻ôʵڽææҲûʲôĸʹϰˣֱռҸɲҪǮĳܴСҪ˵һ
ˣĸնʮ붯ζõˣŰСϣֻҪС׿ӦˣͲն
ƫƫû뵽Сҵǽ޻˵´ĸҪһŲˣҪʹն˼
㲻ʯͷԼĽţϾС˼룬ҲǴĸ׿ڹء
ۼĸɫˣݸϽԲЦӯӯλҲ󲮼Ҵأ˳ʳ⻹ƿƣĸ
䣬ͳȥˡ
ϾΨһĴ󲮣ݺò׻һΣҲ©ҡڲ겻ڵģͲҪ̫أװʳٴƿƣͺܹˡ
ĸһϲݻһ˾ͲˣϲЦտҴСڼ޽˺˼ңûТ˳󲮡
׼õϣĸһɨȥеģһţ⣬㣬ƿ궼᲻ĺþƣϵЦԽˣƴݿֿ䣬ףԸһٵС
СҿʱˣҪȥݷԸȥæǴĸͺһȥǱߡ
Ҳ䣬ȻҪؼˣֺնϽͣȰǳ˷ߡ
ⲻϣ˵ү·ˣǺúţҾͲˡ
ҶҲ˳˵һ͵ĻֺǺǵģҡͷֻõǴϹԷ
أӦˣմĸΪҲͲһٷӶܺõˡ
һߣնæʰӣѴ󲮺ȹĲ豭ˣ͵ȥ˳ȡЩˮݺ²衣
ȥˮϴˣֻСвˣնСҸϽӹϵĶݲʱĸĻæն˵ղŴĸ˵Ҫȥæ
ȥնҲͶȻܾ󲮼ֲû׳ãҲŸϹԼ£ô¶ҪҺҵ
СЦЦһ˳ҲûдӦ´δĸʣҾ˵Ҳæء
նͷúò׻һˣѵҲŵģûȥ˼
ǻնʰӣΪһŮˣ»ҾǿͣҲ˼ɿţǸںͷҲ˳
նĻЦ˵Ķԣũæʱ۵ͷϻţ˶ЪЪҲܲס˴ĸǮ򣿡
նæתôˣĵϻ
Ҫ˵·߲ˡݰڰ֣ҲֻҶǰװװʹԼǰͲˣеҪȰȰǴĸһоȥˣݼֹȻҪԼӸҪ
ģֲɵնЦˣҵܾΣڴĸϲСͷǡ
ŷģ˵СȻնϽݱ֤ģҴӲԴӦʲôģܴС¶ʹ磬ֻġ
ԣ֪ԼӦþøжǺЦˡҲҿСӣôĸ޷ꡣ
÷ΧŷСһŸڳһˣݲӲԼԣնҲ˵ɩӵģá
СҶʱȻ򣬹ҪչˣԼѾͷһԷնûӣŰˣذݼвˡ
ʢһŨŨļݸݣݽֵлȻС׳һڣЩ죬̵˻һ
ݶҶ裬ͻȻĿƵģվһһ˵ǲǲϿڣʲôȥ
ΪңѵûҶ裬Ҫ³Լ÷ĺŽˣƫƫҶ豻ū۹ˣٲȻγ䡣
һټǾ仰ռ˶ĿɿڴСңֱԼĶ䣬ĹүȻ³ղһˣһǡ
ЦܺóԣֻЩ̣ղ˴һ
ȻعһѽҶ谴ִǸŮҲõˡ
֪ҶڷӦѿú޲ҸضȥڼҲͰˣҲǰ࣬ôҾҪάԼ棿
ֿ佱Լͨˣֲˣûʲô˼ģɵЦŻصⶼСӦģȲݻеĹʹ󡣡


121 
ԭ˵ֻסһڶͻسǵ, ʱ, ˣٶס졣
ҺżǾָ, , ˶Լˣദ, ټϻСɩ˵˵żңݵֶдҶҵ, ˵׻һûѪԵϵĶϱѡ
ϱֲǲܻռŮȴֻһ
ݲԸߣҶҲǿΪסҲͦĵ, ·Ưɾ, ǰкӣݺɽ, һȻ, ټҲҪ, ҶͲܶסӡ
ǲҶ˾ͿҪˡ
һֱȵŹ˰ʱ, ˻, Ҷ˼ȹϵ, Ҷͥ˵˵˽, ڻӰ, ǲ·ϳʲôˣ
Ҷͥ룬Ϊ˵Цΰһãִӣʲô£Ϲ롣
⵹ҲǣҶһӣûʲôӡǷĲ£ִҶͥ⣺Ƕǽ˳ǣȻ֪Ъˣүȥҡ
ҶֻͥСˣӼſ·Ǳң飬ټҶ˸żˣס
Ҷͥһ˼ûǣ˵ռء
Ҷ˼ֱ˵ݲôûصģ˵ʲôʱʲôʱٲãҲ˻ؼ֪ͨһ
ҶͥЦֲͷһôûˡڣ˶Ӷûϱ˲˵Լһ
ټۿŶӱϱƵ³ҶͥԽԽѵҶˣŵģϱﲻãž͸úúù̡ܽô÷죿
ҿеģ˭ү鲻ֻΧŮ˴תʲôϢãϱĶˣ˵ԽθԽٽкǲˣúÿ飬Ҫ³أ
Ҷͥⲻ˵ѣһ˵һƪҶžͺܲûܺңүˡ
үҶ˵ŵŵ
Ҳ˵ϱжôõĻҶͥΪҪݱ⣬ϽִҶ˵Ļĺã͸ͨԼ㣬ѵҪǶһֱţ˭Ҳû
ҶߺͷݻҾͺ¡
ҶͥòüۣϻҾѹ㣬ֱҲû߶ˣҿҲˣǸӣδϴӦء㿴ĸѾͷãֱʱ֪ͨϱһˡ
˵꣬ϸһ¼ڶѾͷģƺûһģ
ҶͥȻˣϲһԺ󳹵ЪŮ|ɫ˼ļڣҲԸίԼĶӣ͵Žģġ
ҶȻᷴԣȻͨģǾͲؿܸܲˣֻҪС
ԶڴϪݺҶ裬֪иϲڵǡ
ԴݾҪҶס죬ͷԸҶ裬С˻ؼұţóġ
ҶճӣûüҵСˣնͺȥ㡣Ҷ豾Ǹɢӣ̰ݵĻ׵Ժ󣬸߸˵ظնˡ
һס죬е᲻ߣǲ߲ˣֶ˽¸˵ϾˣڹТ˳ϱģŴӦסôõģ
ĸ˵滰ֻǸûȥˣ´ٻǡ
ֶĶӣ̫ĵ˵»ǽȥ㣬ȥģýҵġ
ǣ˵ϣʰʰִһЩ׼Ķسˡ
Ҷ˼Ӷϱ˵òˣ⼸ʼŵһ䵽ʵ˲ϹĶӣݵ֣µؿһ飬˵ȫȫβػˣûٽҵġ
ƲƲ죬⻰˵üһģһĺȴвĹԼˣҶĵĺӡ
й˰Ҷͥⲻ˵ųļǰȥˣҶ˸Ͻк£ֺϲ
ϲˣһ죬һ̣ϸϸСѵϱĵ˸߳һأٿ۾۾Ǳӣϵɫ
Ҷ裬ѾͷһۣĳѾͷͻȻðôˣֱǰһˮƾն
һԼ뿪죬žˣôҲǸ׼ģôֻʣҶˡ
Ҷ˼ӺͶϱѾͷϴתûܵġУСԺֿ²ʹҪչݣѾæˣչү
ѾͷżҶһ棬еԼĺ˵ˣ˴˼ңźӢӣǰ˱Ӳܻĸ
ӯӯǳЦ֫һ߸һ߽εεү밲Ȼߵǰ밲
ûֱӣݾŤͷŻһסؿںʣʲôζ϶ʲôϽ߿ֽŻ˺ü¡
Ҷɫһ䣬Ȼү˵ˡһ˵Ǹү׼ˣϱͿʼˡ
ɫϽԲ̻أ˵ˣʱŲá
Ҷô˵ɫͺˡȷеѾͷõĶۣ˵ϱˣҪĸĨһЩԼŶ̱ء
ȥȥϽϴһϴ𲻹ܲ˵ʲôĨҶҲЩƵػ˻֡
ѾͷίֲԼֱ磬ϥˣתͷһ˫۽ҶˣƽʣԤүͨô
ǰҶ˵ͷ˿ԼΪкβסÿһ޶Ӧ飬ԼҲǰ˶ϱһѣˡ
ϧݺһƵˣô࣬Ҷ軹ӵұ
ҪǺӲתƣ޲̥ܰҶһ»о᲻ɡ
׻˵޵ĺӲǳԣԭһζ̣һζȫΣ˼˿м㣬ôߵҪõٶһЩ
ֵ˷ݼʱˡ
ݲͷһǰװģԴо飬˺Ȼͳ۾ȻޱϵҶ˵֪ίүˣǲô˵ΪҶĺӺáҲүߵ̫٣˵ȥɸղѾͷʵ벻ҵۣǣվûվ࣬иŤŤģҲ֪ǰʲôطģȥͲô
ҶסˣûϸѾͷֻͨѣؾˣֲϱôϸô
ݼˣôźүأҿã֪֪ףװףŮӣ˲Ųүݰ


122 
ҶԶٱʹһֺ׼, Ҷ˶ʱܵҪֹͣˡ
Ŀ, һϵʰԼ˭뵱͸أǼҾүһ磬Щϲ̨˰˰ү, ˵ǲǣ
Ҷû뵽ҪԼڱ̬, һضԼ˿صϲ̾ɢˡ
ΪһĻش, Լɤ, ɫ˵е
Ҷ˻ܣشֻǿݵòԾѾͷĳˡ
ЩΣǲִЩ, »һúѡ, ϸǵ
ӴһҶ˵Ļ, ֻ˫۵ɵô, ָС, һüëһ˵, ǡۡ
Ҷ˴󼱣ôˣ
ҶҲæ쿴, ŵʣôͻȻ, ҪҪд򣿡
, 򡣡Ҷ˵ּ, ĶϵݵĶϣѸղŵĻȥˡ
á΢΢˵һȥ˯һžͺˡ
ҶһƿˣһݱڻСԺȥҶ˾ĸһ㣬ϡ
СԺ˷ŵϣҶ˼æǰǲҳ˲ɾĶֻҹûЪãҾ˵㲻ҪȥƫƫôԶ·Ǻߵô
ݵĶӸͲֻۣǲҶ˵ʲôͨĻֻһڶѡû뵽žȻﵽռͷϣġ
лģڸоöˡɿüͷָı顣
Ҷ˶ʱһɫЩ£ղŲûŻһҪúõġ˶٣֤ģѾͷ²ģ졣ѡأҲȸ㿴ͷٶвУ
ͷˣܺãҲ᲻үίġסҶ˵֣һҪòãףԸ˵ģү
Ҷ˸жˣģҲҲµˡ
ݱԼˣҶҲҶ³ݱ۾ȥ˯ˣҶŶߵ䣬µˣͲٺˣ³ƽʱ࿴Щһʹҡ
šҶϲͲòء
Ҷһ뵽ԼȥһصɣеĲӣԷŴϵݷ
ͻȻ͵ۣûذһۣʲôѾͷˮ
ÿҶƤЦ˵Ȼ߳ȥԸѾͷ
ݴӴԼһͷ
ٵŹŵҶ³ˣǴѾ͵˼ޣƼһ𳤱ףһ治мܡ
͵͵ĲС
ߣҶ֮ҲÿûǸУ
ܿһˮΪϴշҪźݰڰ֣ȥɡ
Ҳʣ¡
ݵһԱɵվŵҶ裺ûЩšӣ
ŶҶܸоղŰһ۸ΣգκһζľԹԵšӣݲ֣ԼЪһˣֿˡ
ҪһӸһȡסСЩҪǰȲˣͷĻҵĶӡ
ƽţ֮ǰûκС̶̼Ĺ򣬾Ȼ΢΢ð˸⡣
Ҷ㶵ؿǸ⣬ӿһ飬ĸԸڴϣһһµذݴȡ
ϣһԺķ÷һأûпڽҶ³λһˣԵø߸ˡ
Ҷ˿ļˣҶҲļˣȻصƿ
극΢һҶŶϱϽǻȥϢ
һҹƴԼ˯ãҲҪʹūҶ裬ܲ¡
ǰһֻһΣһأʮΣҪôˣҪôˣҪôޣҪô˯ţǵҶ˵ơ
ҶСӣһϷرڣڶ˺Ȧ
ݷˣӲǼ˽ʮ죬Ҷ豻ĥ㲲ƫƫֲ˯ԵĲ˵ҶͥͼöҹߵǶ˸ɵ£Ҫôҳ飬ҪôʹȥһȦ
̶ʮ죬ҶͻʮƵġ
ҶڵҪ˼ȫһϣԻԺȤǶݵĶơ
䷢ֶɫܲãҶ˴һôˣҹȥˣ
ʲô˵ҪϺúôҶһߴǷһ߻ش
Ҷû뵽ôɵñͨһ£㲻Ѿͷҹȥ鷿˯
ҶΪԼ˯һȾˣ벻Ÿոձۣ͹ˡ
үЪϢ˵ˣү˯ء
ҶòУƢŻˣ˯ţǼѾͷͲ֪һ壿
ɫ䣬ȻЦеظһ飺˵ˣү˯ء
ҶΣݺݵشһ´壬һصԺӭЦ˵Ƿޣзַ˯ĵүԺٱˡ˵꣬ͦͦӡ
ҶۿʲôҲû˵ؽԷ
ϨƺݼԼŰƻҶ豻Ūÿ಻ԣʹҪըԴݣʲôĿľֱ˵ܱܲĥˣҺú˯һвУ
ίͰ͵ؿߵΪ㻳ӣֻչôһСӣȹ죬ֵƯѾͷҹź㣬㻹ҪԹ
Ӳĺʮȱ˵˼Լ־ڱԵʲô룬ʲôòѾͷʲôͨȫһ߶ȥֻ밲ȵغú˯һ
ҲҪͨˣ𣿡Ҷʹĵ
۾һ˭ϲԼͷԭأŵټϸޡ
ܲҪ˭үǰûأϸ룬ֻҪһºӣһְ׼ʮ˸ŮˣǰССĸ㲻ʲô
ҪҪⱲӶҪŮˣţҶ趥ͷʹѵԴһ˫۾ݡ
գգۣʣ˵ģҲţҪȻ㷢ģ
Ҷþһ˿ѣ泯ż﹩λСãڴϣ֣صģԸڷģⱲӶҪСͨˣһ͹ˡΥԸ
˵꣬һգֱͦͦص˯²ʡ


123 
Ҷ跢ģ˯ȥ, ݾͲ, ѵû˴ţһһֱ˯͡
ˬ, , ڵǳãϴѾͷأ
Ķϴ, صڻ԰ء
Ҷȥݴ, һЦе˵үˣߣȥ㡣
Ҷֵ겻ڣö˶˵ʲô㣿
Ц, ۾ÿ, յǰϷˣҿǼǵ, ҶҵҲڿأ
Ҷһ, , ͵ʱ״˵ͨ, Ҫϸ, ֻҪú˯һ
, Ⲣﻰ, Ӻɷ, ߶źôˣ˭Ҳģ
ݼվŲ϶ϵЦΣյۣҿ볢ζˡ
óȥˮû취ջˣھηĴ󻷾£Ҷ輴ǸҲףɫ˲ףѵ¿ˮݡ
ߣȥСá֪¾ͺãݿڵľ
СãһȥľҶȵλСó걻̴ȾɶصζҶη֮ĸˡ
ɫ糣㣬ְݣЩλһ˵ϣһҪúüලүǧв̤Ǵ
Ҷ豻ǴŵֽűٴȥƵߡ
Сãů̫ϣһ˿˿ȶȣ̲סֻͷһۡ
ȡЦʲôЩڣǻᱣġ
Ҷͬһп˵ԼܵӦᰤŵòУ֪ͲӦ÷Ǹĵģ
֪ںʲôҪ֪ͣôǰǴһ̰С˵ĸˣÿÿȥ㣬ͻ˵˷ӣԵǸãһΣ͵һϹĴͷŸճһ룬ͻȻȿգȥˤһֻ֣͵ͷֻ֡
ҶŰɣ··ģ
С·ػ˶ٱ飬۶ߴġҲ֣һ·ϸûпӣֻһؿ֦Ҷ˵˱Ӧˡ
Ҷ꣬ͦζġӦĹ£СʱҶ˺ܶ࣬Щ佥ˣֱݸȫˡ
Ҷ޲ܻصҹǸϹĵԼݺݳƣµ񣬺Ҳûˡ
򴽣Եݡ
ݴһǳɫȹϸü۾££ѩףûһ˿覴ã뷲ӡ
ſţƽͨҪҪҲûʲôЩ˶Ȳݡ
˺ܶ࣬ҶָֻЦģȻطݵȥ밲ˡ
ûǰһָͷ죬кݳƽʱʹɻ⣬ҲҪ̫ƵķţҶǸ롣
ܺԼСӶЩ֫Ӵһѽ
ԺҶһǾͺܸˣȹһȻſӣ˯úòãۣ۲쵽ӵɫ˺ܶ࣬ϸοЦҹһҪú˯ֻ˯˵ڶо񡣡
ù緹ûУݵͷҶҡҡͷҶ˸ϽԸѾͷȥү緹һѾͷ˵ǸղȥСã
Ҷݶһۡû˵滰ܾñ˻ЦǸɵӣ˸ڣ㣬ڱһ̥˳˳ġ
Ҷ˶ʱЦۣ벻㻹ܼģСݹˣԸء
Ҷ貢ûʲôԸֻЦЦ
ҶͻȻһ£ֵãϽԷһžҪˣһĸԵĸ
ϣЦû֦ҲһߴȤҶ裺ү¿иˡ
Ҷ˼˿ģһҲԴף͸ˣȤҲŰѰѹء
ҶడڴȤв̡
һŬһЦҶ˵ˣʱû˼
Ҷ˲Ǻףʲôû˼òѾͷͨѣ˵˾ҹůѣճź㣬ֲҪڿ˼ȥֺϡˣͶϡˣ̵һ߾ǡ
˵ˣŮ˶ģүһ˶ء
⺢ӡ
Ҷ˲ŸտڣҶʹϵ˵ﰡݵĶԽԽˣ㻹ǶĲɣһҪùأ˵ţɨһݣһֺһĵ˵ΪֹһûݸÿģЩҲŲҪ
Ҷ㶣漴Цʱһݣϲúܣһģֺ˳񡣡
һЦҶ豾ֺû뵽ƨĵϡ
ʲôûҸõģ˼ǽҸƯģҪͣسˣ
ͻȻžЩΣҶƲӣæҶ˵ͻȻһЩ£һѾͷѷ͵鷿ȥǧΪˣ
仰ʹߵˣǱӰЩǱ
㿴Ҷ޿κΣѰݵİ
ݲŲϰЦүǹŹһֻ飬ǺأǰﲻܲϺȡѾͷҲҪүϲУѵǿѹ붴ɣ
Ҷ˺ʧԼһǻ⣬ƫƫӲ顣תһ룬ĶҲãŶӿ״Ԫء
ҶԼԼˣݵ֣ĶӡȵҶͥݲŻȥСԺҶ˸Ͻ˵˵ҶͥգִӱһźĹ࣬ǸüˣͷҾȥ
ǸǰԺʰס
ӣľʹһȥˣҶͥ⶯ܿ죬ԭλڼţϽӴҶֿʼ鱾Ϊʹġ
ҿ³꣬ʱϲôȣλǸϺˣֻҪҶϿβ˯УκҲôΣҶҪչݣޣʱ˲϶ŶͷҶ蹶ʹš
ݰ̥һ˿ǣ¼ºԼҪѲˣһҪá
ݼܵضԼãԵġ봩ġҪģͳͳ˵ϵ֮ĶͷԸҶȥ˵ʲôĶɾ
Ҷܾܾ𣿵Ȼܰݻ޶ʱ䣬ǻˣҪһƢŵҶÿΰ޲Լܳһ˫ëȡ
ҶˣʱʱǰֳԼϲĳӵѣĳ³ΣҶ˶˵ϽȥֻΪһ㡣
˵ӣҪܹһӾͺˣϧĲ߸·ݼӴۿҪˡ


124 
ԽԽȣۿҪһ, ݵĶҲһ¸߶ȡ
ҶĲ, ˻Ժ˯ʱ伸ݵ, ƴ粽롣
, ͵͵غ͵ֹҿݶǰҲ֪һ, ôݣȴ, ʱ˳
ʮ»̥˫̥Ȼһǰ˵Ҳ֡
ֿһڲԶͻ, οҶˣͷİ, Ͷ˵ģֻҪһ, ̾ܰ
Ҷȴ벻ŵ, ɴֱӰλпڱĽ, Ųٽӱҵ, ڼ, ֻҪͷ, ͱϵ
Ҷ, ԰һЩ, ȥüȵĵݣݣվùˣЪ
ҶҵĻ԰ŪˣĻȫɴ²ˣһЩҰ䵱׺
Ҷͥ˺ܾãȽ¾еʱҲ޷ȥԸ˰ѻ԰һ飬²̺죬ޣֳһķ羰߶
ҶںӦһ߹ȥ
ԽԽԵʣµͷȻһҲĻˣĻ򲻿Ķô˳Ȼ
ȻͰķţҶ˻ǣݵ£ؽԵ㶫
ݲɫ󣬾ͷҲܺãҶ˶ʱЦˣſģú̥أһᰲŵ׵ġ
ݵͷЦˡ
ӦõġҶ˿̲סЩϱСأҲʮ꣬һͻҲ֪Ǻûǲá
Ҷﵣţϲұֳݡ

ҹĴΣػضҶԼ
ԴҶ跢ĲҪڶŮˣݾҲûҹˣҶƺ̫Ծһ䣺ǲﲻ
ûСϸһ£˵е˯š
Ҷ⼸³Եúã˯úãżһֵܼģԾ͵Ǹɴˣ˵
ƣȥͷһߣ
ֵļɱˣҶȻӦҲѾͷԺȦ
ҹ죬Ⱥ˸ľ˱㣬˿˿죬Ҷ辫һ񣬺޲ܾԺ̣˯ˡ
ûôҰеˣȥɡ
˻ص£߾ͷǰףµһˡ
Ҷ豾ΪԼܺúòһû뵽˯ûãֱݸˣȥЩңˣҶˡ
ЩԵɵɵҶ裬⻰̴˸飬һԾ𣺡ˣȥҪˣ
Ѿ𴲵֪ԣܽȥźݣһȥԺ֪ͨүһܵǰԺС˿ȥš
Ҷ˹˲ϴҴҴѾСŹˣַǳæǰæذŷִ֡
гˮϽЩԵĸ̣ˣСС춼׼û
СӵĶʹ˼ӣϴˣ̫ɹ˺ü죬ֱóͿˡ
˶æתһԣ׼õĲϣƴʱˣ
ҶϴɵЦȥ˵˵ָֹˣֻСβƵĸҶҶһתЩȵĽţʱû˺ְﲻæＷˣȥǰүֻܵϢ
úáҶҲ֪ԼЩ࣬תǱҪҪ֪ͨһ
϶Ҫ㲻˵ҶæˡҶһĶͷȥڼһҪأС˿ӱޣϽ׼ҽӹ
Ҷ輱æȥˣҶͥڴСæʣҪóһʹȥء
ⲻڷԸҶͥϾϳЩ˱˵ϱˣ֪ȥ֪ͨ׼ˡ
ǺǣƽһȥɣǶϵƽ
ҶͥⱾҪԼСȥģһ˵ּƽ
ҪӣҶ첻ϿˣҶͥҲû˵һӾȳԹ緹˴۵СۣҶͥɿһȥƣûС
˵ҶͥͲ֪үǸʲô龰ΪʱԺ飬Ҷ꺢ӣ֪ͨġ
ҶҲеס˵ŮӶʹ£Ȼҽġ
ǣСԺȴʮְֻѾͷǽæµӰƺûʲô
ϽסմӲĶŵôûǲ̻ȥˣ
̣һ룬мûĵģԶֵؿһۣش̸ճ궫ء
ʲô˰ô̻ȥأ
ҶһЦƴŶ
ıһѾɵƵĿôģǰǰ󶼻ûʱأүĵŰɡ˵꼱Ҫߡ
Ҷ֪æȥˣȻߵǰ濴˼ֻۣ͵ֶڲǰ۾˯ˡ
ҶЦҡҡͷӶ˯ţҲǲôʹģǾִҡڵسȥˡ
ҿݲ֪뷨Ȼ϶ᱻ⸱ûĸεӸ˯ǳʹʱۼ£ѣ
ҶͥҶ˵߻ûʽҲ֪ԼЩļˣǽһò裬Ҷ塣
ôƵĥʱ⣬Թ緹ֽҶȥ
һأҶݵʹǴӲﴫģƵģ޾ʹŵڴﶼӷ
ҸѾͷһʣƫƫҪʱûпմƫʱͻȻһĲҽҶһ·׳ƵģȾܡ
һ·ܵ鷿ɫҰףҶͥҲɵذĸ߸ߵˣʧʣôˣ
ѵǶϱ⣿
ҶſֽŷݽеúˣҽȥˣҺ¡
ϢҶͥ龪һõһۡ
תһ룬ӳʱԼѾʮˣԺ飬ԼչԼӣڶӻе£̫ᣬûµԵʡ
ôһ룬ͷǵɢˣкҶ£ָһ裺ȿڲ裬ѹѹ
л
ҶնյֽŶûָأС˾´ˣˣ


125 
׻˵, ¹š
Ҷ֪ԼЩСë⻹, Ҫ㣬֪ءҲǴ֮, ҲûʲôĻ, ӦӰбŶԡ
ƫƫС˵һϲͰҶĲյŵ, ȵĲˮһᱡ͸, ʱ̵֨ҽС
ѽҶͥ⾪æְӶϵĲˮ˭֪ˮֶ̫̣ܲס, ̾˻ȥ
ϽˡҶֲͥŮ, ֻܳˡ
Ҷһ, һѵ, ҿ滹һ, Ҳȫʪ͸ˡ
ҶͥϽԼһŤͷСˣզզ, Ż˻ɱˣϽү
С˱ΪϲǮ, û뵽û, һ, æŲȥ, Ȼ鷿źҶ»һ
ѳҶղŵ飬һ٣ŤͷСˣ㶵ʣղ˵ʲô
үүϲСգգۣˡһΣͳ˺ܶ࣬ղǰ߿ˡ
ͣŲյҶͥ˲裬һ𣬡˵˸ʲô
СЦˣ˸Сү
ͣҶͥϲ󷽣˲ȥûбˡ
Ҷ˵ӣȫȻϵʹüɫ˵¿ɺˣкˣˣ
ҶͥźЦ׼ôûôһϲãȲҪһˡ
ʱ˹ϲүүһСү
ҶͥҶͬʣһ
䣬ҶͥȷӦҶһۣǲǸ˵úͿˣϱǻô
Ҷ˵ֽŶûţҲ׵ƽôСˣͣǶϲоԼǳԲ
Ȼϸһֱռúܺãûùʲô󲡣кóԵʱͳԣöʱͶԼ㻳˫̥̻Ƚ˳
ʹȻǺʹˣǵȺһ˾͸оޱɣҶ˶ϲֱҵǿˡ
ϴúӣְʰôүȻСرҶ˿
ҶһӣĶҪˣϽӹϴ϶Ǻû
ЦۣľǴүĻƲһҴүһССĺ룬ء
Ȼƣû˯ţԾͳҲ뿴һۣҶ˸ϽźӸͣϴöã
СӺͨͨģѹÿˣԼƴģݶȻһŨҵĸ֮飬Ҷ˵ұ
Ҷ˿ɲֻϴߣûٱô۰ɣһ˶Ȳģһչ˺õġ
ݾ㻳ҶҲỳҶˣϸӣֳһ㶫ֵסƣߺ⣬˯ˡ
Ҷ˽еַһĺ߽ţֶѾͷǺụ́ź͵һ˱һӣ׼ȥүͶӼһ
֮ǰҶͥԼǹýӵԺӣһ˵ˣ͹˲ôˣҶһ۰Ͱ͵š
һС٣Ҷͥ۾ˣҶ˱ϴ󣬾ֱߵҶͥǰϲؽܵү쿴ǵĴӡ
Ҷͥˣ鲻ôƫƫЩϹ۰ҶģڶӺСʱȴ
һӣҶͥ˸ƵģֽӵԼ˵üЦ
Ҷ費Ŀ϶ܵ䣬ϽյָǰͷϸĶӡ
ССһţڰ۾СҲȻƤǺͨͨģҶǾôÿ
ֱźʣүҲһɡ
𣿡Ҷе㲻ң⺢ɰҲܴԼһСģѶô죿
û£׵һôֲûжױﲻӵ뷨ֿҶͥһۣүö࿪ġ
Ҷ˳ŵֵ߿ȥֻϴͬһԪЦ춼ϲ£ˣһѺӶһһ̵ġǣһԼһҪСЩȻشӵӹ
һ˻ݸֲܾһˣôСôԼһҪúõذ
ľҶ边Ȼжúۿ
ּ״ЦЩޣͷҶ˵ƣү˵Ҫˡ
ҶͥҶ볯߿Ҷֹͥһأ
Ҷ豧źӣһҪ޲޵ı飬ҶͥΪ˶ϱ³ˣʲôģ
ȥɣԼ
һ̶ӣҶͥҶ軹ûϡ־ѵλСүȥˡ
ԣԡҶæȥҶͥ⻳ĺӣ˭֪ҶͥŲϷ֣Ҷ˶ʱЦãүøιˡ
ԷǴ£ɲܶӣҶ֣ͥʣﹻҪҪ
ѾʹˣҪǲãʱٻͽ֮أҶܰôҪ©£Ͱŵ׵ˡ
ӱȥðװֵιȥˣҶͥ⿴Լտյ֣ʧ䡣
ʱѾͷ˵ռˡ
ӳȥϪ壬Ҫһʱؾʱټռ˻Ҫʰڲŵ
ҶͥϽŶӳȥӭ׼ңҶæŰŲˮģֽгϽ
Ҷֵ֣ͥʮȣЦ׼ұϲŮҶӡ
Ҷӿڣģݺأֻ˯ˣǽȥơ
һ·ϣռ˵Ķŵģʱʲô⣬⻰ʱһЦˬʳ죺Ҿͷˣݼ޵ǼңŮΡ
Ůк˵ҲǴ󹦳ҲõҶ˻ƲŮˣĸƾӹĺô
СҲˣѾͷ뵽ԺҶд
Ȼ˴˶ףСһǸоܽţֽŶЩӲˡҶӺƣݣ£ЦþûˣҲҡ
ģֻǼѲСҼҶ˺˵ɵط˺ܶࡣ
ΪԶܿ죬ˣһ͵ǰԺǸռҸģҶͥҶ㡣һ͵ԺҶ˸ϽкСϾͶˣ緹Ҳûôúóԣȳٴȥݡ


126 
Ǹ۵þƣ, 궫ͳ˯ȥ
˯˲֪, Ժ˵ƺɩСҵ, Ťͷһ, ȻС
ɩӡݵЩɳơ
ˣСҺϲ߽, ۵˵ӻ𣿿ʲ, 
ҡҡͷŴҪЩСҸϽ, ֵͷ
ȲɣСҼݶǰķ˿ʪ, ֪ȳģ˺ӵ˲, , ôŲȲŹ֡
̽аȥЩԵ, ׼ˮšһʪ, СȻȻؽӹ, Ҫǰźݡ
ݲ, ˵ɩ, Ѿͷˡ
˵ɩĸ, ˺ӣչҲӦõġСЦЦظȫ˶ˣǰԺ˶ͽǽ㡣
ݣʲôʱ򵽵ģùûУ
ʱ˯£Ҷ˰ϯ棬ܷʢҲк
ݵͷûͺãԼǧµĺӣ¿һȦûӣ񣺡أ
ЦŻش𣺡ڸչءԵȣȥǱ
һӣСҾ˷ܣҸղſλСүˣǿ˶òСҿҶүһ˱һûд
ݾ˵̫ˣҪ˵ﱧź˽ָСүǷŵߣȻֽ˵š
Ӷں˯СͰ͵һţ˵ʵѩɰȫմϱߣΪһֶص˾ݿ۾᲻ƿˡ
ĶӣѪˣһ˹ŹشûǺֵõġ
ĽͷһŨļ˴ϵļһͼģθڲ˵˯֮ǰոճԹֻ˰뼦ĲһҲû
СҿԵ٣̲סͺżٶһ㣬һҪúõز
꺢ӵˣɫ飬ɫƣСŹǰôˮһ˰һӣ񱻿籩ݲйƵģúòһôأ
ݿЦãҲҪԵ²У˰Ҿͺܱˡ
Ц˵̳Բ¾ˣϵĻ𲻻Ϩʱ
СҵͷǼ޽˼ҵĺôʱźţСү˭ҿ
СݸеˣҲĽΪС˵Լܼ޸Ϥնͺˡ
˵ˣҶ˸ϽȥռҸ
׼ңߡҶԵԺ棬ӭȥ
ݣ߼һĲն֪þ棬Ҫǰƿӽȥȴһסˡ
ֲô嶯֪Ĵ˼ҶЩûߵҶ˶ûô
ҶЦӯӯ׼ңݸ˺ӣ÷磬ܳˣǿԸ˵ϼ仰
նʧ׵׸綼ܽȥһۣ¾ûֹء
ǣֺնվ棬һһҲϲſ˿ڣҲõ淴ԡ
ȻӻǺռҸ˵ʱݹŬʹԼԵ״̬ãټСۿţռҸģֻҪƽ¾ͺá
ռһҶס죬˵ͷõúܾ£źҲֻܵؼȥˣһ̫ϰߣҲļ
˲ûǿǣϾӣֲܼ棬Ȼȥء
Ȼȥ¾ȥǡ
ֱ仰Цˣӵ¾ƣһҪġ
ݰ¸ˣһ˶ܼˣҲͲѹˡ
Ҷæ׼ҶͥСռ˻ȥҶ¿ͽ˵
Դݽ˲Ҷ趼û棬ΪֺҶܻڹؽʱס˵˽ǲ顣
ǡûˣֻݣҶҲƿ߽ȥݣϾҪˡ
֪ݵͷ˭ȥͣ
İɣСǡҶ߽֮ǰ۵仨ݣɫȻ㲣һӱ˾ƵģȥҲġ
ôˣҶĿһۣ˸һ
ݰһۣΪ˸ӲĴǲɵ˼죬˭ָܻô죡
Ҷʮָжڳסݵ֣ܿˣһúô㡣
ЦҲԼãƤ
Ҷ˽гݺȣֶӾȻڲ̾Ϳʼѵˣ˵˲ܽôôֲȥ
үȥɣȥҵ¶飬ôȵ죬浣·ϲߡɵСˣ飿Ȳأ
죬·ôͲˣֲǿ籩
ҶҪ˵ҶѾˣģȥ
ͷүˣҾͷˡݳһЦ
Ҷ۶ôɹ컹Ҫһˣݸ˺ӣӻҪģͽжһذɡ
ݾʹҶ裬һҪӣӹܲ˭֪᲻ֳȥƵأһܰɹźأһӣһҲǸˡ
緹ͳҶռ˰ȫͻشϪ壬˶緹ͷɹϡȻصңȻ;Щͷۻ
ûһ£ûκˣڶͷ鲻ãͷʹڿֶູ֫²ˡ
ҶżϽҶһǱһöͭǮκõģһαٹһء
Ĵô֣ټûնǯһѹţҶһҽУǴŵţ亹ѶҶ˵ǿҩŰɡ
Ҷ˲ļܿ࣬ͷӰɡ
Ҷ˴䣬ҲûһΣ˼
ǲö˵ģҶڴԸƽšӴĶͷϽ£ôһƣӵˡ
֪󣬵Ц˺ܾá
Ҷ˹ӣݾһе˵үˣϧҲȥź˵Ҳүӹ̫ͷȻҿʦүһУʵûġ
ҶһëǴҶͥѧġ̫˵ͺүҪأйѧ
֪лһӸ״ԪΣۿţԸʵˡ
ҶǸɢӣû־ûϽģٿ˶ϻˣָ״Ԫ


127 
Ҷͷϴӣº͵ҩ, ǰǰһ˰²ų׺ת
һþͼ͵Ҫױ, ֮ǰΪҶ˺Ҷү˲, Ų, ɰˡ
һ棬Щϲ
ԭͨͨͰ͵, ֪ʱ̥ǣðװ, ѩɰӺģתתȥ
ҶӣҶȣֱš
Ҷ˹Ц, ָСһ⻹м٣
Ҷ˰, ӵЩҹֱӰһ, ûڸǰ, һʱ˲, ίô졣
ԣСһҶ˵Ƥӵ, ϴ
ٹЩǾͻЦ, ʱ˻ءҶԹ˵Ŀ˵
ģҶֶŪ, , Цһ
ֻ, 붢һģһ飬ڿɵƵġ
̿СڻЦء
ﶮҶЩؼҶ裬ֱӣգߣĸȥɹɹ̫ʱȥһˡ
ҶÿĻָϽʣµǸתϡ
Ҷվԭᣬ㶣ȻСܵſڣƵ̽ͷ˿ֻ͵һ˱һӣָΧĶһ˵¶ԷѹҲִ˲ƣ
û˹óûȥݡ
Ҷ˯ҲûѾͷţ⵹͵͵شսϸݡ
ݸҶӣʵĴ󹦳ҶѪչӣҩûϹֻҪǶкôģȫһԶŰµĹ򣬾Ͱɫˡ
ԼǳûŵԵʣݽ֮ǰְ׳һ¸߶ȣͬǵļһԽëڳ־̣Ҷ迴ɵȥ
ǶԳĽëȣݻۣȿ崲ǰҶͷ泯ǽڣﹾ𳳣һҪ˯ء
ҶЦЦҲЬôϴ§סļǵ˵˯ʲô˵˵Ҷþûˡ
һأʲôͷ˵Ӽ̫ȣ˶򣬿ϧûܰצӶ
ҶܻػǾǲ˼ˣӲ˰§ԼôòͲң
䣬ϸһţﲢ˵ôѪȣݵ֮⣬һɵζ
ᣬ˼ૣӦַûһѣԶЩ
ҶҲȻ͵͵Цӣ򸴺
ݱǸӣڵķӦҲԤ֮С
Ȼ˽үȻҲڲϣʱһүô
ҶûݲͷһţȥѾͷҪЦˡ
һҲûϴ裬ƽʱʪӲһǲ»Ҷ裬ֻǱϾǸŮӣǱȽԼġ
Ҷ軹ŲߣƫƫҶ˺͵ֻˡ
Ҷɹ˶ӲãҲϻȦͻˣһҶڲ̾ѵˣҪľȥ飬ĵط
ݶ˵֮ԱǣҲûг
Ҷ谤˶ϽȻ᲻ߣ俴ôչ˺ӣǰµ򲼣Ȼֱȥι̡
ҶﲻææųԷվվֻùسȥˡ
ԺҶʱûע⣬͵͵˵һȥҲһ˵ĺù
һζգݾӣҶϲϯǳ¾ơ
ռҲˣȦն͵ʵĵССһѡ
ﱻüãռ˾ͷˣԹ¾Ҳͻؼȥˡ
ݴӲصСԺԱǼӰθסԼʱȥӺӣѾͷϸСһȻŻصݣһ¼õ˱ҪĿ
ֱǰһ£ȻڹܼҵĸλϣҶһ죬ҪҪæݻ˵ճѰģ˵ģҲѲʵھ˵ľͽҪǲģݾǾͽӹȥܼ£˺ٰǡ
Ҷ˵ֲֵܡ
Ǽ˿ٵĺôĶҲ٣ҶеĶҪӵģҲͲںͶϱȨ֮뷨
˱ϸϸ飬޴©ЦЦ˵ӣﾹȻѼһ
ԭÿ°ΰʮΪֱ֧ӱһʮоôЩˣ¶ҲʹЩӣȻʣµġ
ļôأֲɵȻǴˣѵҪʵʵȥûԼͶϱ
ϸ룬˽ǮҲҪӵģҲǷˮջǹҶء
Ҷƽڿ˱Ц˵һ䣺ڿ졣
ģӵҲʱţһ˲ӣþԼˡݺ˱Ҹо㣬һҪڿôһġ
Ҷ⻰ܲߣˣŸպþϿΣҲء
õĹ㶼ˣûжҳ飬дƪ£ݲŲ
Ҷɫ̱ڨڨģǸϺˣͽ󣬽й޹ֻһĹΣͷһûڶһӾܸϳġ
ǻСأҾǱȤˡҶص
һЦ˳Цö᣺ﻹſ״ԪҪô˵
ҲŶʮ꣬£ż
ƤǺܺݴûԼǵһ״Ԫɷһ仰ڽ̷ٷҶоٶð̣üжôֻҪסڵļҵ׾ˡ
ڽԸָԼĶӣҲָҶ裬ֻҪԼϺȣȾ϶Ĳ֮Ķϰֻ߸ԼͷԭͰӷˡ
ݵͷֱԹ⣬˵Ȼôͺ׽Ҵϰߣô
ҶҶҪúĽ̻壬ҲڼŹ⣬жӦ£ǸǰҲã˵ʵһŲѾͷء
˵󻰣ϺǵĳԺȫҪˣǽǣֻܶȥ
ҶΪӱܶ飬͸״ƵģģһпۣԼĺӣһʲôأ


128 
ù, ݿι, ֻµ, Ͷ˵ǲñȥˣͷ
λסԼͬؿ
ôСĺ, ʱֻ޺, һ;춯أߣ϶ᵢǵϢġ
룬æЦȰݣ, СǻС, չˣҹﻹǸ, ǵ徲
ԼģٳҲŲǣѶڰ֣һ, Һүţġ
˵ûӵľ, ӵʱҲ˲, ټϻҶΪʲôõĵġ
ûȰ, ֻǷĲ, ǻصڷ, Ƿ񣺡˯ҺǰҹȻֻֻҪǱæǾȥæ
ҶĦȭƣԼģѺ˯ӱϷźáβǳ󣬷ȫɣôһյء
ѣҶ𣬿һͶӰݻָúܺãųӣľͺǰһ޶ˣֻǰΰһЩ
Ҷ迴ڸѾӣЩͿ˰ɣԽԽ˷ܣϽԭмƵȥȻ´ֽţ׼´һ
ݻ˯£߹һʱû˵Ҫ˯ˣϹʲô
ҶٺһЦеĹâݣȴݸˣ˿ϵӣŤͷ˵ôܰѺǷأмɡ
м䲻ãҪСѹô죿ҶҡͷѶӰм䣬ô£
ݣ֮ǰ㻳УҲ㣬ڡҶ˷ܵͷڴᡣ
ǡһЦⶢСȿ˺üۣҿǺ˰ۣΪ죬ҾҲʰˣĻûϨء
յĲ״Ȼ£Ҷ̲סȣӵŲ˰벽򴽣ЩģǴˣⶼˣӶˣǾͲܺúùô
ķ޾ӵģ|¶ûУҶ趼켱ëˣСͨˣô˼ܾ
ʵ֤ݺܺ˼һ鶼ûУɫ̹ȻֻҪ㲻ϺȣŮⲻںúùӣ
ҶһϲѾˣȱŮأҳʱҾƴǡ
һֱϣЩ뷨Ŷӵ棬һ㣬Ҳ𣿡
ôСĺӣܶʲô
ԶСΪ֮Ȱء
ҶٻҲݵϨˣ㬵ذѶƵм䣬Ȼίϴ泯ˡ
ֵ徻Ȼ˯ˡ
Ҷƽƽĺĵط˸ĸ˵˯գƽ
޼ȻҪͺĲźãڻϺãţֻҪһܴݵġ
ҹϴͻȻտһ϶ͲʾҲſˣҶ費˽Уһµæҵĺ庢ǣǶ˻ǿˣ
ݱѣŲָӵȼ򲼣Ǹɾľ͵ݸҡ
Ҳиι̣кӵθҪö࣬ټһӦˣҲҪιС
Ҷô򲼵ģʮּ򵥣ֵԼֲŷأǽ⿪һɲˣΪһȣҶͣŪ֣
Сһ˼ûǣǿ޵øӴˣƫƫҶ軹̯˫֣ľͷƵĴ㶵ģݶʱȿǲǸɵģ
ҶҲҶίͶȥȵĿ⡣
ӿޣ۵Ļֻϴһߵź壬һ߳û⿪٣ޣ޲ޣˡ
ҶһֳѧϰĻᣬϽ϶ѧݵӣһߵһ߶ȥѣޣ޲ޣˡ
ֺֺЦ޲ܸһš
⿪ٲŷ֣ϴ򲼻ǸɵģǾǶˣ̱Ҷ裬⿪Լ½󣬸ι̡
Ҷ϶ˣ˳һ⿪һɳζɢպѬҶͷ
ӶŤͷէէغݣݣˣˣóóû򲼲С
ͷҲأϽ
ô࣬ǽɡҶ豻ӵйܣû˰׳־
ޣô˵ģԣ쿪ʼΪ˿״Ԫͷ׶̹ɰɡ
Ҷ˸ŲҪͷ׶̹أ类ݶ¡ôһȽϣ׶ӵʺҲôˡ
϶´ҵһԱõĸɾ򲼣ֱӳһ飬ȻѸɾĵȥû뵽Ϊ̫裬մһЩµһӵƨ|ɣҲȾˡ
ݡҶû⣬ôźӣͰ͵ؿݡ
ݱЦˣͲ֪ȸɾٵ򲼣ҲټˡȻ˳ְԼӶҶϣֲˣȻˮϴϴƨ|ɡ
ŶҶ֣㻹Ҫ𣿡
۾һɣȱôһ飿Ҫˣӵɡ
Ҷ϶ߵȥˮҺ׼ú֣ܳˮаͰˮԱߡ裬ţѯʣүǲСˣ
ҶһϲҪͻȻȥ˯ʹ㣬ү۰ӣ¶ҪΪأɲƻү¡
ҶʱƼˣӦǡȻվûжϸͷĶԱʱܽȥæ
ҶҺðˮǿŶģ϶ϴƨƨٵϸɾ򲼣ϴԱˣһڵ̵ͯݵĶȺġ
һ£ֵ϶ˣϴոˣ˳Ҳϴϴúˬһ¡ݺָҶ
ӣҶٻʱͲ֮ǰôˣϲ̵ظ˵ϴʺƨ|ɣϴ˵ģֱɼˡ
𣿡ڸ϶ι̣üң̬ܺãһҪȥ
Ҷæջһֻܷĵ
ʰӣҶ軻ˮӰԼϴ飬ĩ˻յǼţЦôֻûϴɾأ
ݰһۣԼģٳҲҪ治ɫҿ㻹̫ˣԲŻֹŹֵͷ
ǡҶĽϴֳͷݸι̣̾㿴ԵöоҶӡ
ݺ˵ŻԼ߹״̬æ˲ӣͬʱһ
Ҷ͵ЦֻΪղſһǷ⣬ι̣̾˯ˣҶ״ʱһ֪ĸţ


129 
չ˶, ҶͦԾ, ټһԹͱ޲, ûٲȻһӵ˲ι̣鶼Էĵؽˡ
ҹҪ, ҶҲӲԹп, ֺǺǵص̰֡
ǵһοүָСǻ򲼣ȫŵĿɿڴӦҪȥȴҶƿ, дǵԼ, ǵֶ̫֣Ӷˡ
ѾͷǳҪɻ, ҺʹС˷̵үϸԣ
ЦүһƬȭȭ֮ģȺǳһТ˳ľ㡣
ҶΪ⻰˵úе˶, ͷοݣѹ, Ҳ, ǳģҹι, ǽҲТ˳ġ
ݲŲѹ, ΪԼһĺ, ҶȻë࣬Ҳ㲻ϴ֮ͽĺҲȥֻҪСúý̵˲˵ȡöôĳɾͣТ˳ĸֵƷʻеġ
ѾͷȫվţָӵȥûУһ²
Ѿͷȥˣҿι̵ʱ򣬱תȥСǵĶ֮үǰֳһеóëӡ
ʱҶ˺Ҷͥһˡ
ԴӣҵµȤҶͥ⣬ÿ춼ҪһӣҪ쿴ӣԲȥ
˸ߵſڣͿյţϾȱһ裬ǸɢģǵĶҶڸӻء
Ҷֽ죬Сһﻻϸɾ򲼣ȻģһתһѾͷȥϴˡ
תͿĵ·ʩ˶Ƶģſڣ𾪵
⸱ʵ̫гҶ˺ҶүôԾ˭뵽үȻأ
Ҷ˿᲻ĵĲƤЦ˵ˡãҸոµ򲼡
ҶͥСԺ˱û£ҶһҪСһȥǰԺ͸͸ˡ
æŤͷǹˣϽߵűߣЦӯӯظ񡣵ͷʱҶͥûбһۣԼǿҲ
æչ˺ӣ򲼶Զ֣ϱȴеţô˼⻹ǸŮ
ҶҲ̫ˣٵѿæЦŴԲүҪӡ
ݲ֪Ѿ˺࣬ЦŻأʱǰι̣ԷһǽҲŰɡ
Ҷ˵ͷҶϽ򲼣Ӳ˲֣ȻһһҵرӣҶͥӹһҶҪһҶͥˣ㱧ţ
Ҷ˺˴뱲ӣ̾үҪ˵һ˵ϱ˼ˡ
ҶֺǺǵҺ͵ȥߡ
ߺݸϽҶϲ裬һѳõ˲μ
ݣ񣬶Ҳ˼Զʳ
Ҷ˰ڰ֣ãҸүùġģϽȣ˵˵
Ȼᣬڳһлҳļƣݻ̲סֹ
ÿ⸱ӣͱʾһЩҪˣЩҪ붼ݲܽܵġ
ɽǰ·ˮͣҲ룬꼦ȻǣʵҪ˵ʲô
ѵǴⲻ̫ܣŸճӣŲڷֵزôүˡ
һѾŸԼŪŮˣǵҲǵǵжһͻᱻָ𲻹
˭Ҫ˭ȥǲϡġ
Ҷʻһʱûлش𣬻˼ôڱȽί񣬲Ͷϱ֮ݡ
ݼԥֱ˵ʣǲүˣ
Ҷһ㶣Ҫ˵Ļ治Ǹˡ
ЦȻӣҲԹԾӣ͹뷨ôȻԽԽãҲϲ˶˭˳ϢҪһѣҸ˻أһһ㿴
³СһҶͥİȡĽҶСĽҶͨϿڣҶͥǵ
һӵ֣Ҷ̾ͽԼҪ˵ĻˣϴЦֺǺǵطһǶģҪֵܵİܳͷأҲ̫Сˡ˵󻰣ӻأȻСָŻƣǵӿɻˣתתȥүСʱˣ
⻰ݰ
ԴӵҲף˿ĺӱȿԼҪˡ
ֻܽƽƽسҪڶһЩݣܹҫ͸ˡЦۡ
һӣҶ˵ĻϻӾֹסƪ۵ذӺݺݿһͨСһͷŵװ壬ûһõġ
ҿݻ£Ҷ˵Ŀ佱ʱһ䣬͸Ͻѻתɫ˵˵ҲǸøүˣֻҲ֪ү۹ߣҪԼ۲СңǶ㣬һ̥ӣֻҪΪһжҲ̤ʵˡ
һվŵĵЦŲд󸣵ˣʮ꣬Ҷû˵˭ҶϱһӾܵӵġ
ҶԵͷжؿݣǸܸɵģҲǼʱƻ£Ըͷϡ
䣬Ҷ̲סѰ˼˵ݶǼ޽ҶҵϱŮһϣȲݣϾͰһءңݲʮ꣬ôСضٻġ
Ҷ˵ĸѧãԸҿ֦ɢҶΪΣôһȽϣֲͻȻоԼûѵˡ
һйΪŵȻҡҡλ
ݲ֪룬ʵţһѾͷòΣ
£µͷȫүƾˣҶΥԻᱻͲġ
ȻˣҲйȥĥ£Ҫչأ۲
ûšҶ˲ذ̬ŵúܵͣԥҧ˵ղҿүڸǻ򲼣ֲãҪǲֻ˵ˣ˵үˣҲȱӡ
ϾүҶ˲ҶԼΥӲͷƤ˵
ˣү˵ĻЦŽͣҲ˵ˣүҪЩ£ԺôѾͷҲֵõүҵģ˵ϲչ˺ӣ˵ʲôȺǳ˲ŻТ˳
Ҷ˱һͨ߸סˣʱ;ҲܹݣӦү̸һ̸С


130 
Ҷ˴СԺ, ֱǰԺ鷿
Ҷ軳ﱧ, Ҷȥ, ȿһԱߵҶүȻŴЩֵζԶ˵Щǽ, ѵװǲɣ
ҶͥѴϥ, һһߵᶺŪԶһ٣Ҷ裬޵һ, ֪ΧŮ˺ͺӴת, 黹ҪҪˣ
ҶƤһ, ˣûû˺ʱǸͷ
յڲ裬ȻƤЦ˵³أҲҴ, Ͳ°Ҷɵˣ
ùˣӳ׵, ҿ㶼ûʲôҶͥԽ˵Խ, ҲƣҪ, ӵͰˡ
Ҷ, ΪҶүһ, СġҶˣҶϴ³֮ǰӲĳѧһ꣬տϵġ
һãҶЦģ˭ôܸɣһ¾͵ӣһ㣬ܶ˶Ȳҡ
Ҷͥ⻰ЦˣҶͥЦúӶڲ꣬ӸңҾ͸ˡ
Ҷ﷭˸ֱۣŻģСȺǿ̻ʱǶôŭء
ҲҪԼģһܸл񸾵ġΪⱲѾбŮˣҲûʲô£쳤վõദţֻҪ¹򣬲ݲġ
ںôûУеġ
ҶֹסЦү˵öԣҲˣ飬ȡһҲźأ
Ҷ費Ϊ⣺أǻôǶôСöǡ
ҶͥⲻһЩ£Ժ飬˲ϼүǷһִģ˶ӵĵһЦһο˵Ȼһ׮źôֲĶһˡ
ãϣۼ֤һسġ
ˣͺãѧҵˣ٣гʲôˡҶͥ
ҶƵӦǡ
ӴˣҶ˾ؿʼʱϿΣĽ̵ѧȥ˶٣ֻԼá
һɢѧԺרӣľˣӸϲﶼЩˡ
ݵȻǰӵģֻʺ飬ϰ߽ﶯ֣ڣαԼѵҪ˹ɣ
ڳԿһϣҶٲȻ˦ü֡
գ۶Сһĸ£ѾܷˣֻǻǾ߰齳Сһǵרݾ棬ǷȥԼţֹǹȥ
һ˹ģҡҡȥСһ߽棬ʱ˵Ц
Ҷ˿ΣͿƴЦ״ɵã߹ʣǳȥû
ȥˣһ˱һ첻ȥģݻش
θڴѸӣֻżһʱһ첲ܲˣ۵ҶүҶһ춼ġ
ҶҲѵˣһֱһֻ첲սӣݹôȥһ˫ۡ
ˣ벻ѽҶ˹ģŪ£ȻһֱһֺǺǵתȦˣܳȥǾ￴ƣòÿ
˺ӣҶϸҲõߣʹʲôǼֲиǶ˵
վߵߣ۾źǣ˵þûˣȥһˣ뼸ռ٣ȻٰµĹβϡ
Ҷ̲Ŀӣ飬˵ɣβ۰
öºӣҶʣ˿ݵĸԼҲǣһ뵽Ҫ뿪Сһһ죬᲻ˡ
ﶪ£һȥҵҲ뿴ءݰһۡ
ҶЩΪѣֻµﲻϴӦ
ӾҶ˺Ҷүӣ׷ߡҶ˽˵һӣʱضҪֵò졣
ƾʲôӦһܰѺǹ˲ɣҵΪ游ѵһﶼУ
УҲûŲǰֻǺӻСͺˣαǴԶһˣۺҲࡣ
ʲôģǳԱ˾˯ͣһû˯Ѿ͵ˡҵϰ߳һ˸ӲףΪѵΪôһ·̣Ͳÿô
Ҷ豻˵ƿԣϰԵľϢˣŭͷȥ˵
ݵɫźͻ
⼸£ҶıֱּȦɵ㣬ͬ˯һŴ󴲣ҲӲأƵģһ˯һ봲ҹչ˺ӵĻҲȫͷϣ͵һһˣֻżιһ̡
ǰЩ죬ˮѾ׶ˣСһĿṩ㲻ι̣ҹﺢˣҶҲӲԼĬĬʰչӡ
ݶԴ˱ʾ⣬Ӿ͸Һ˴Ҳܺá
ҶӶ˯ˣȥҶˣźӻҵ˵һ顣
գҶ˹Ȼͬҡͷְֵ˵ⲻУⲻУǻСأôԶ·ʵ̫ˣܲ͸磬˱ﻵġ
ҶؿҪôƣôס
ݺüûļˣҹ˵ŮҲȥҪǵﲻ͸磬ʱҰƿһ룬ܳ˰ɣ
Ҷ˻ǲϴӦƿһ룿ܵö찡ôķȥܲ˵ġҵģڼúôţȥ׼ҹסϼգвУ
ҶͥҲڳһ˵̬ӴѺǶˣҸʲôȥĩˣüͷ鶯£·˼Ƶģ׼ҽӹ
˵ҶͥⲻǰǰƲˣҪŶԷȻо಻ԡ
Ҷͥ⿪ڱտھʫʸ軭ҪôĻҪô壬ǵصׯˣֻõһ׶һţͷ죬ʵںĵȥ
ֻҶͥܣҲоܲײŴ
ĸˣҲõͷˣֻڼǱɽˮ㣬úǿ۽Ҳá
ҶͥһĲʹ죬Ӽ̫СûܸŪɽˮ
µļҵõβ
Ҷæⲻǣֺõ˵Ҳ˼Ҳ뿴ӣ˭Ҳûŵĵ˵ǲǣ
Ҷ˴ۣ˰ŵܽ˵̫Ѫ飬ɵӶݵĹ͡үҿͽȥһˣʱЩ˸ţܻʵʵġ
Ҷͥһ˵ҲֻεͬˡϾָٶӸء


131 
Ҫռһ, ڶһ, ת, Ҷ˲̶˵·һٳ·ϲźߡ
Ȼͬ, ʱ·̫, ȫ·Ȼߵ˶ˣ·汻ȵӲӲģһ꽽, ҲⲻʪŢ
ĵ, ŲˣŷԸѾͷʰ＾, תСһʹ˼Сʵʵġ
ѾҶ˵ãһ˲, ЪһٻԴ˺СҪĻϴѶװһӡ
ҶͥԼߵС, вƺͽ, ɸҶʹټƽ, ԼСԺĸѾͷλ, ƺƵ, ǰˣҶźм
Ҷᣬ۰Ͱ͵ؿҶ裺ֻסһ͸ϽҺүźء
Ҷûд𻰣Ťͷݡ
ݳҶһЦͷģһʱ
ǵþͺã·ЩҪǺܲ˾͸Ͻͷ
ҪţҶ˵ǵòУһˣȥˡ
Ҷ֪ͥҪƪۣæ˳䣺߰ɣȥء
Ҷ˲ĵ򴽣ײҷүĻĬĬ˺һ
ӹµµ죬ֱ˳ǣ˳Ŵ·Ϫȥ
·ϴˣҶгͣһ£ι̡
㣬˹˴|ˮڰ챻Ŵˣɢζʼ
ݸϽƿӺҶ裺Ҳˣһ
׼ιʱҶӣ֪СҲҪˣϽȥһ
ӱһ٣ճ극ˣ˳ֻϸɾ򲼣ݵʾ˵á
ҶֻݻﱧһӣλϻһɵЦˣ㲻У
Ǹεεӣ˶ˣѶˤء
үܸˣǱȥݺ⵱˦ƹ񣬻ֹɾ㡣
ҶԼãȻһһӵĶʮ죬һСյҶţûԶɽǿߴ󰡡
ǺЦһȻ۾ϢҶڣǲõĵġ
ţͻȻͣ³飬ԭǳӻˣһѾͷȻͣˣæô¡
ԭ˵ˣһԽԽԶЩܲޣ
Ҳż£Ȼ̧ͷ˵ޣֻҪһ
һ³Сȥǰߵӣܱߺһ£һ¡
˺һסܵסţ̣үˡ
ۣû˯ţӴʱѾҶı˯ˡ
ܲ޺ãƿӣ
ҶſһأôʣµҲ£ÿ˵ͷгϽޡȹչǰǸ䣬Ǳߵǡ
ݾͦãֻҪ޾УѾһ·̣µϰʱҲûϵ
˷ԸϽܻȥ
ǰУݿҶ裺ôã˰ɣѺӸҡ
Ҷ࣬Ҳ뱧һˣϾԼģһűڻ˸㡣ŵģ˯ˣǱȽϺñġ
ҶЦˣ֪ݻģذϴݹ˵һ˱һ
Զǵ俴żʵʾȴԶ˴ԼһյĹۿҪˣͻȻһ磬ͻı£ɫȻ
ƥ겻˻ŲǰߣڼǣƽӳɡܹʾҶ裺үǰ治Զһͤӣ絽ܱꣿ
籩УʵͬϵСҡβֹȻ˯֪޾
ڳͬƵģݸеľæѻýģסĶ䣬һüͷ֣˵ͱ䡣
Ҷ谲οµôͣҲͿ죬ǰͷһͺˡ˵꣬ԸƽȥϽǰ氲һ¡
ͤ©磬֪ûڣͤڵʯʯǷྻЩСҪӵ֮ǰҪ׵ģƽϽɡܻȥ
ôһСɡʵڲģƽһˣߵȫʪˣĨһϵˮԳ˵ү˵ˣǰͤӶ꣬Ͻ
ۿһ˸㲻ƥƽɴඪɡǰʹųôһͣ·м䲻ô
СҲܳæЭɹ˽Ųǰߵƥ·мĳɶˣ˼±ӣƥ͸Ŷ
չչ䣬ԶԶܿͤˣͻȻɽһഫһ¡¡죬̧֮ͷȥֻɽȻҪˣ
죡պ֣һƬ񲻿ɵƴӸߴ
ΪСǶ˳ᣬֱ֮ˤ·һµףϵһС˷׷ͬĶƵģȫˤöᡣ
춯ոʱҶԾֲףžľϽŵλϣȻ̽ȥ뿴浽׳ʲô¡
ϻ£һٶһֻɽϵʯ£ҶŵĿɿڴžͱľ޴˸Ʒˣκʾֻ˳Աһն˱ˡ
󣬻ˮʪѾСȣȥƽסˣҶŤͷűҵڵصŵøεѡ
ݺͺǻ
ʱݾֵؼһһ̹λϵӽػǰȻһʹǰһƬڰ
Ҷ˳˳ˮǵػ˶ʮ꣬⻹еһپ޴Σ˶ղһδĺ
ΪϷɽˣһ֮ʣµľ񱻹йƵģβ룬ţ裬ɽƺҲڹӲдʱʱһЩ춯
ȥϻһƵġ
ֱӦóڸϽӵԶԶģ˫ȴֻҪһ뵽޶ѹڽ棬ĺҪֹͣˡ
ݣݣҶ趸ȻһӺصʪ|˫ȣ
ݣݣ
Ӧ𣬳˷ؼ·ֹһ㡣
ҶֽűɵսҲ֪ǱŵĻǶġ


132 
֪˵ûǲá
õĻôôһӳԶأǡʱ򾭹·Ρ
Ҫ˵, ʱ, ǡĸ˵ס˾󲿷ֵĳ񻵵, ҲƵò෭, ڹɳļľ廹ʵºγһСռ, ûʵʵƬ̵ĴϢ֮
Ǳιȥ, ܿˣŶ˶ֽţϰã°ȴ·һɽѹסƵ, һܶ, һ;ʹ̡
ҶԼԼĺǰĺ, һƬڰ, ϴ޵һһ, ϶Ŀ΢֪ǲ
øϽѺͳȥ
, ֻܷԾ, ͼ˫ٳһͨĿ϶
Ȼ·ʱ, ƽȼС˲û, Ҳܵ˲, вƱһʯͷȣѪ죬վվⱻһк󱳣ڵϣ²ѡ
ڶʱŤ˽ţֻ֧ܵţǿվšȥƽ˵ᣬֻϱһƤѡ
ҵүƽؿǰһĻβŻع񣬸Ͻܵ·ȥֻкԲѡ
·ƽ¶Ȳܴ󣬸ɴƨ|ŵأȥ˴ϸ飬ûдˣֻʱԵιȥ˶ѣҪһͻȻںү
ˣƽ³ֽŲõ·ȿƷڵصʱƽѡ
үүƽȥ˽ǰһһڷү
ӷүţƽоԼСסһС룬ʣµĴÿ̺λСǷ񰲺á
æҶ϶ͣŤͷƽһۡ
һۣƽԭء
籩УҵүƺЩͬˣȻɻӢףЦŵһȴ͸һɳһ˿˿Լķ⻹ʶү
ʲôæҶͷҲصغ
ƽ˸飬̧ͷҡҡ׹ɽһү꣬һ߿үﲻٴˣ뿪˵½ҡ
ûйߣҶľֻԼ˫֣Ҳ֪ԼôˣƾһɱƴҪͽְԼ޶ӽڳ
ȻİΣֻǻеԵظĶڼָױСʯƷѪ죬ȫûоƵġ
Ҳߣݺͺǻڵҡˮûʱ³ֱ¶ǣϵĶּӿ˼֡
ƽ֪үʱšʮͷţģ״ҲȰϽæ£ٶֱ̫ٵүǰľͷȥáȻˡ
ɽµɢܣƽЩõİӳܺù˫ֿڣʱضһ䣺̺СǻסˣϽ⣬ȥǹæ
˵꣬ҲԼˣֱһʱɢֳܵקõĸ嵱ߡ
Ǽ׵ľ룬ݺҶ˵ȴǵΣͷܱǿ˲֪ãҶָ͵һĶ
Ͻץסݵָʱϲ񣬴ݣݣץסˣͰ
˵ţʹȫȥݵȱѹţö۵ܲˣָֻȥģʱڿ㣬ȰѺǽӳȥ
ĸ۰ŮĶһģҶҲ֪ǲȳݾԲ϶Գģæ٣ѷ϶Ū㡣
ʱƽľӹˣЧʱͽǿö࣬İæɹǰ
̰ѻµĶһһݳȥƽŴӣ껹£ɲô꣬ϧֱûɡֻѴӻǰԼꡣ
Ҷ軳ﱧСèƵĿȸۡǡʱ˴ӺˣɡλﲻӷԸ̽ӹӣѾͷǳɡ
ǰݵİӻѹ棬ʱòУֱֿڣﻹϵذοţ̱𼱣Ͼܳˡ
ټΧýʵʵһ˾ڵÿģݻЦЦԸ񣺡źӸϽ뿪
طܲȫ𶼻иأݲܲǡ
ѹؿ޲ܴ棺Ҳߡ
ݣ㲻ҵĻˣأ㿴ǣҲŷġ
Ťͷ˿Сǡ
Сĵػźӣͷһɡڿ籩֮£һɡܶʲôãۼǵѾʪճϣֻö˶ţȰСߣȻϻ
ȫȫţҲţҶ侲˲٣룬سǵ·Զö࣬ƽ㻤ȥңϽЩ˹֡
үһȥͻȻ
ϧģµͷ򶨼ˡ
úҶһ¼񲻱޸ĸˣ˵ŽڣɶһˣܲصӳǸδ֪ء
ԣǽҶߣڣôԼչ˺ǡ
Ҷؿһۣû뵽ͷݻİΣǳжж֮࣬ҲԽᶨˣֻҪһ뵽Ҷˣֻһ˹رѹ棬絶ʡ
ҶߣֲС̫õֻ꣬һ໥ţٶϪȥ
ĳȻҪæֺȻֻһ򣬿ҲԸΪӶԼ
ҶҲΪ˵ȥˣôҲãǰһСͤӣȰ˰ᵽȥ
һֻҪڽӾͺãΪɽʵ̫ˣһһΣܶ
˵ҲҶݽ棬ǿԷԼæŰһ˵㲻Ҫ£㣬Ǻܿˡ
Ϸ·ѹǧص۵˶ЩľˣҶѪ֣ȻЦЦ˵㣬㣬㣬֪Ǹ񸾶ǧѷ갡㻹ϽˣȢͻݵĻ򲻻֣ڡ
Ҷ趯һ٣ɬԣ֪ᣬֻǻˮʵ޷塣
Ĩ˰ͷʼɻʡЩ˵
ҶѾһˣȫƽʱȣմ̶ƵģһĨ̶˼ӡˮһ壬˳°ֱꡣ
ݿǱһʱҲĬˣβŵ߰ɡҪãܶһ٣ҲˣҪǡøТҵ˽ǮҶĴ󲿷ּҲģЩͽҵ㵱ҵ淢ģȻȥ׷ƽǣҲġ
һƬ⣬⻹ҶദܿɹһģƫƫҶ費飬·ƵģһԣĬĬظŻֻǲٴˡ


133 
ֺնܿ͸ˣӵ׳һ, ŸָĹ, гͷ¡ȵȡ
˵󲻴˵СС, ȻŪ, ס·ôûмˡ
˶, ƿѹŵȻѽ̧, Թȥݱȳûнϴ˿ڣֻϼٺ˿ôĿġ
ֻ취ŪһСΣҶڽȫ, Ȼһ䱦ʧõĸܡ㶵ؿ, ˵ЩʲôһҲ˵
ү, ôˣȵúܽ
Ҷʻ, ˽, ɵشûʲô󰭣ֻЩá˵, Ȼ˫һ, ֱͦͦع
ۼֿ, һѽ, Ҷع, ŲŮ·Ƶġ
ǰҶ̫ӾĺƵģûӺе뵣ٿΣ֮ʱŮ벻˶ݡ
үˡ
ն߹¡
ְҶŵϣȻк˸Ͻ̧Žӻش塣
صռңлûߣտλСӣЩȴһ˿˺ҲûУӻС£ܵҲǵʲôӰ
пݣһ񶨾ҩһƿѪٵҩƣҶָ˵ñȽأϹҩðײһȦһȦ
УǻΧԺȰ֣û¾ͺãѲкء
˵лҪдҰæŮٶһָôء
ҶѾָһ㾫ͬն磬ǰһһЩƱÿ㿴Σ
ͬһסţ˴˻ﻥ˵ػضлӦ˼ҳԶٷжʮˣִټҲ첻ôϯÿ˵ЩѣѾǺܶˣʵҲϲ
ն֪÷ǮҲûзԣ˵ͷҲã˵֪Ȼӣַˡ
ȣ˲Ͻӣǳһ˼˼ҵӣֺն˵˵Ӳ£ǵӣϲüңռԺʲôֻܿڡ
ƽȽſ죬ܻس֪ͨҶүҶˣҶүãӻΣվˣҶŵɫۿҪϵҶүϽһѷסûˣӺӶû¡˶٣ּ˾䣬ϱҲû¡
ʹӺ䣬ҶҲ̻ˣңû¾ͺãүǸϽȥơ
ҶүҲд⣬Ըƽʲôôֻ²ãϽȥ´һˡ
·ǲߵˣСδӳС·ȥ˵˺Զľ룬ôȫʱ˴Ϫ塣
ҶһҶޣҪȥŷֶӵ˫ֱһȦһȦϾ͵ˣҾ˵ţ׼ҽǾˣƫ
⻰˵ÿɲ̫˭أѵռ˴Ǹ·ξͲˣҪĵˣضڰʾýռ
ҶͥصؿһҶԼ˵ɫڨڨġ
ֲǸƽϵˣԷ׼ĸæү֣ⲻѾпˣúϼվûˡ
ҶͥҶƽ͵֪ȫȻ֪ӵ˵ģҶͥЩԹù˼ԼİΣͬʱһ˿һ£ɳµͷˣδܹŷ˲أ
ҶΪ˵˻ҲæЦŶ˵ҵĶϱŮҼү˵಻㣬ڴǴǰվסģӣ˭ȣҿûܣȻҶҪġ
֪˲ûкɳӰ˼Ҷͥ΢΢غˣЩϽ´һү˿ڣֶ˵׼ңλǳ´ҽʮˣҽʮָ
Ҷ˰ŽܣǼǰŵùģҲ˵ģĸӾˣôˣȿүһҲһ顣
Ȼ⣬һֱûѣǵŵģ޲ܰȫǵĴһƣýԼġ
´򿴹Ҷ裬ֿ˿ݿˣʾǰǸпķ˽ᣬسǣҶͥҶȻߵģǰһӣСȥ
˴·ܵ˾ţҶͥҶ˿žЩƣָϽȥЪһЪ·༸Ҳס¡
ҶͥҶ˵лȻһ˱һӣڴϣҶ˴ڵİ裬Ҷͥ˵ɾ࣬ү˯һžͺá
ҶͥȻƣۣҲû˯˼һµظŻ˯šö˶˵ģô޹أûȻҾݣÿôӰȥ·ҿǲҪͷϵɴñˡ
ȻָصүҶ˵ͷǻأѾ·ˡǰ첻һôɽɶٽһֻ꣬ɲˡûʲô¾ͺãҲڱǼأ£ضһ˳졣
ҶͥʱϲľּЦЦȻͷӡ
ˣҶΪ˫ˣʮָͷܲƵģҶ˵ڲ㣬ι㡣
ҶһֻͣоûţŤ˵ãá
Сʱιûˣ
Ҷֵʮ飬Ҷ趫㣬ģԼУò˿Ӿ͸һӡ
жӵˣСƵĽι
ռңҶҲ׷ǿͽֶҶ˵أֻӶղãѾͷź÷
ֺնһֱûгֻǴЦ⾲ԹţҶ͵͵һۣҶ˵ѷ͵ȥݳԡ
ҶͥǰҪӵæϱûѣȥҲá
⸱Ҳܺͬ÷ûý˿ЦȥŶϱأ׼ǰһ˶ˣҲôһСˡ
ҶԸԳ㵽ѵӣڵسԷһԸˡ
ʱͿոѧϰγԷСһŤ෹ϡ
ݳĬؿţûоˡ
Ҷʱ򣬼ʹ˴ŽۣҲŵһǷζٿȻǱ׾ĶƷЩɰζ
ЩԾѵѾʵת䣿


134 
ôһѾͷûвѾˣϬ, Ҷ, Ťͷһϲ, ϻ۲ۣ
㶵ؿ, ĹĲαʱܹ㲻벻, 껹Ҫɣ
һˣ޵, ҲװסҶദЩӣٰĥ˾ȻĴٶò˵ˡ
ݳŴҪ, ǣ˫ȣʱһİۣҶǰһ˫˵, ƿ, ΢ЦЦ, ˵û, ȥ÷
ݺù˵, ȫյ, ƮƮ, һͻɢƵġ
Ҷ˲еһۣݳԵĿͷ࣬˵ûˣҪǻǰʹЦҲЦдŵɵġ
˾ͱǿšҶҲ֪Լﲻʲôæ񣬡ź̡
ȷãͷЩȻȥһˮָ˵ˣϽЩ˹
˼ʱŨ˱ǣݺһ뼦ЩķˡҩϸϸĦ˺ܾá
˵ˣռ˺ҶͥҹϢʺ˼ɢˡ
ȣҶ֣ʱռסҶͥҲûʲôҪ£ҲһЩӡ
ɽˮ羰续ҶͥҲûвͷ˶Ūӣ˾ڸߣҲסúܿġ
ݱϾᣬʮ˾ͺˣҶҲ˲Ȼָ׳Ĳ࣬ƽʱˡ
Ÿռˣ׼سǡ
Щ̫ү֣֯·һ飬ȥʵɿҶͥ⻹ǾС·һ򣬾һ
ֺҶͥĲһˣӵദ˴˶Ľãһҵദ֮ҲǺǢˡ
ֲӽͬЦŶ˵ЩҾȥ￴㣬ӻСأҪŵĻȥģҪиʲôôģ
Ҳˣ׵͹ֺǺǵ˵һȥˣҲǺ£ദ̫Σ׼ҡ
֪ˣౣ塣
˺Զ·ص˳ҶﱧӣԶӺͶϱ˵Ҳˣӽҿţȥϴ
ӽţǷһٸĵģԾ͵ͷҶһСԺ
ѾͷǴˮźϴ裬ΪҶˣĶһЩȳʱѾʰԼϺˡ
ȵǲѪڼ˹Բ桢轡εȣһѣݺԼһѣֻˮȵ߰˰ˣûж顣
ҶĶһ٣Щ㶵ġ
ò˵ҶƤ໹ǺܲģüĿ񣬴ݰףһǳɫ޽ۣһ˫һ΢΢𣬲ЦƴЦ˿ͷ΢ů
òȣȻ˧ĸ·⣬жӣһӢ˧ɷһԲĸоͷ
Цеس֡
ʵ˵ǺܲϹصģҪǻɰѸ¿̽ѪҶˣӦӭºźݵƨ|ûŲѣֻǺ֣СƵġ
ҶҶ̫ߵҪٰӭллˣοݻЦһᣬҶʱܳæ߹ȥͷһѣЦȺȣȺȲ˾Ͷҵġ
֪ʳԶֻϲõĲ֣ۼԼˮҪȾˣͷȴûȣϽԼǷҲó
жˣҶѣҾͲˡ
жжҪȵġ
Ҷڶ棬Цȣż˴ʵúݺݲһ¾ͷԸÿյˮһЩȸ
ʹ˵ҲԼǿ̧ۣĽϡ
Ҷĳ࣬پЩ˵һ¥ΪǰðѣΪǾǴ˷Ѳϣ߳µľϡ
ԼĹҶͥ⣬ҶôԸԼҲүӣҶͥÿ¶кü£˳µѾǺܾɺܾɵˡ
ϣҶ۾һ˫һЦںڵͫŹ·Ѿ˶װȥˡ
ĿһĪЩ죬عϳԼĶˡ
ֻеøүˣž߳ȥҲԼÿ¶ѷðײá
ݰҶһС룬ͺȲˣƸҶ裬ʱ̷Ը񣺡һҼƥӳү¡
ʵûرүүϾ˶ҪϺܶ࣬¼֪үˣҲּɣæӦˣźЩأʮжġ
Ҷ飬⻰۾ԲˣʱҾϲֻɣô浽û壿
ѵ˿ԼǮﲢû˽²磬ݵצ鲼ǰԺ֪ܲ
Ҷͬʱ˼óһȽϿ׵ĽۣһǸжԼΣ֮ʱĲ벻ϴĸ棬ķ֣ҪúöԴˣ
һϲ°ֻ֪Ҫܻġ
Ҷ͵֣Ժȥ
ҶͥҶѾһҴѣһ˱һӣֺǺǵضŪšҶҶľͷܺãһЦЦˡ
ˣоңúû¡
ݺ󣬸ҶҶϤͷŤԼĵҶҶĺ󱳣ЦĵˣҪ˭
ҶӴϰˣٲȻ˺ūֽӹҶ߶
ݱûҶ飬һΣкü˶ˣΪӿ϶ҪػһģҪ򿴲ҽҩҲȫݵ˼ڹˣӦ㾫񲹳ÿ˶෢һЩӡ
ҶͷǸӺ²ŸģǼҲȱǼӣͰ˼ɡ
˵仰Ҷ˵ݵܲסȻѾ˰ȥϢҶ迴ݣڵ㰲Ъţ齻ңұ֤׵ӡ
Ը֣ݰͲԼ죬˭˵˾Ͳܹܼˣһð֣Ҳûԣ˵ͷ
ҶȰͻСԺڴȻȥ鷿˵ˣ˱ְ˽һӵĸһֱæڲꡣ


135 
Ҷæ, Ѿʱ, ˸, غԺ
æӭЦ˵Ҫȥүأ÷ˡ
Ѿ˷, ɢ, źľ̶ֻһˣҶ״üأȥˣ
СԺĸѾͷ֮, ½½ȵСѾͷ, λԺԲӦ㰲, ֱš
ûüشƿӴ߳ߵú, һصǶڵأҲŹȥ, һѶͰҲ˹ȥ, е￴ţİɡ
ҶͥҶ˰ӿ, ǿź, Ƿǳĵ, ҶȻҲܷģ˺ڸǰ˵һ㲻ϰߣܺݶˣҲһô
ҶߵüϽȥţǰһȻͽѾͷˮ׼ϴϢ
ҶݶϴģɵϣŴҲˣľǰȴһЩı䡣
ŴΧʵʵģҶѾͷ˳ȥţһƬžЩ಻סˡ
ݴرᣬܳЦ뵨ĥƺˣҪྡ˰
ҶôҲǶʮճͷСӣձҹЩûԼﻵݸոһɫҪȾˡ
ֻԥһ˲Ҷ͵͵һָͷش˴ݵ
ݱۣ˯⣬Ȼʱû˯ţܹ·ϡֻҶ費СԼҲûϡ
ĲԲҶΪԼõɣһָͷƣشϡ
ʵֱӰ§Լûǹݻᱩˣ˰ַ֮ͲҶˣϢȴţԼûиһĿܡ
ʱҲӦˣûҲû㿪ĬĬȻ󻺻ۡ
ϴҶ㣬ò˵ЧǷǳõģݵһ˿ԵҲһֱֵعӣпɵķϣ˻ɸΪҲûܡ
ҶضͻȻ۾һǿϰȥװģذһߵıӣ˵䣬һҪǺã˺ɲġ
ݶؿۣȻƤҲҪǺá
ûзƢҲûдˣҶ赱˷ܵҪüЦ˺һӣ̽ʣԽԽ䣬һӻЩˣʱѾͷֶЪˣٽģ硭
Ȼһֱ˯ͬһŴȴǸǸģҶⲻԶͬһ
ݲ̬Ĭ
Ҷò׼˼˵ȣһ㡣˲ëٱһ٣ĴôѾϰˡ
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ݲӱýģʱӦǽŲģﲻЦ£ջװ֪ĬĬ˯ˡ
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޼䴲ϵ¶˵򵥵Ҳ򵥣ֻҪ˸ͷͺˣ˵ˮҲΪ
ҶϧݵδãЩֻʵʵر˯֪һ죬ڿƲסˣҹûзôѹȥ
˷֮ĸԽԽãҲԽԽ󣬴ֿɰӣҶҲ޶£Ҫҳһ㲻žֻҶִͥˡ
ҶҶʱҶӭһ³Ļᡣ
˵Ǻ֪֮һƱضеģҶүҶ˶ǰͽֹǴҪӴһĶ黷
ҶҶҲҶţǲԼĵӰ˶ù
ҶſԵһ죬ҶͥҶ֣ǧݶ岻ϻֵʱ˵ȫŸ˵ˣֻõȥɣڼҵ㡣
ΪҶ˿ţȻֻǳƵģЦЦúÿźǡֿĸˣȥɣҾͻˡȻӻ֣СƵˡ
ʱգ۶ҶӿС˱ؼУҶүҶæӭҶ˾ûƵģУˣˣһҪúòһ
Ҷͥ˵ЩûõģһҶעΣĿѲѣ
Σ¡ѲѣҶ˵ȻǺѵˡʻܲ𣬱㺬Ӧɡ
ҶͥûģѵˣĬдԼĿתͷԼѧҲȶǿȥҸ˿ľƣǲˣȷ˰˵
빫ȣݾ͵ˣΪû뷨ȻҶڶж󣬵ûʲôϽģҲֻΪѲѡ
һҶ۶ӣʹȻϴȻ³ŷˡ
صСԺҶʹʹϴ˸裬ЦһյҶӹһڣŸղŵΧԼһ⣬һ⣬ֻһֱվԱߣԲġ
Щ֣ͲܲܿУ
ܲܿʲôϵʹɽҲҵɷӵĵݻشúɣҶҪ󲻸ߣֻҪ㲻մȾЩϰһ˾Ҳͦõġ
ҶֲʲôָڿϴʣԪһʧķˡ
ҶԶʱдοݵĿͼˣݾ֪ӣң
ʱҶҶС|Ƶ˽һһҵرסҶȡ
ҶüûˣҲúܣϽһϥϷһЦǣǹԲ԰
ԡش
ЦŽӻǿɴˣ̵־ѾᱳЩء
棿Ҷֱš
ĺӣкܶ˵ģż죬ĶӾȻᱳˣ
ݣ
ſھͿʼ飬ʮͣͽż±Ҷϲò֪Ǻá
벻ݡп
ݺܹƽ˵һ䣺ҲǹĵģձǾͽЩ㿴ʹ㿼Ҳûϵʵֲ˵룬Žǰʵ֡
Ҷбһۣ۵ȴЦ⡣ĺӣоԼϳеĹҫοжˡ
˷ŰǰһҶүҶ˰ҹû˯ţ컹δʹƽȥռһλãſ
һƽ۾鶼ûүֻ֣ôͷɥػؼұš
ҶүҶȻʧѣҶҲŶʮֲֻ꣬ڿͷϰο䣬»ս
һ꣬ͬԤϵǰ㣬Ҷһˡ
ȻβУҶƤ˿߳ܣ
ҶүҶ˲ǰǰʧΪԽԽԽԽ飬Գ˾޴Ķ츳οѣϣȫеϣؽʦϤĽ̵
ҶҶʮһһ꣬һ¿ͯȫ˸˲ѣҶͥöˡ
նСҲӣһŮк㶼ȥѧöʶ֣˵ѧȲҶҶռãض࣬Ӷ黹ǲģҶʱЩīֽȥǳ󣬳ɾһնǿˣٲׯںӡ
ЩݵĻÿũæ̹æƽʱúñԼӹҲͦ׳
ҶٴӭǣĴ³
꣬ùˣֻʴӱĶţоԼ˶˶ӵĺȣ췢ͼǿһ˾٣ǶԵˡ
֪ԼڰҶ賤³һݣҵԸˣԺЩڵӣ״ԪȥŬɡ
ʮӣҲŶʮ꣬ʱ䲢ûϻºۼһ統ǰò
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Ҷ߽˻˻, һߴһ˵Ҳ̫, ûҶ˵꣬˻ֿ
Ŷڻؿ, ĸϱů, Ҷһʱ˸ս
ͷԵСкһ, ԹҲ̫ʱˣˡ
, 㿴ţٽ, ȸźȥ, г㳴ǳòã
æѶ§, Скһĳ, Ц, ֵӣߣ
ҶѾů, Ҫ, Ͻһס, Цջ, 㲻ʰ, ھܣ
СкŤ£ѳȻƵĴܵȥˡ
ҶҲıӰҡͷЦݺһۣǡúӽһ멹ݵȻæȥ׷Сˡ
úúõģͷźҶ裬ֱӽĴ멶ͷӵϣϰɣܽл
ҶѴ면ϣһۣͷ䣬ָͿźͮͮĵܣ󣬻һ̫̫
ҶЦЦڴȤ涥ðѩĸܣ㣬ȵʱһȦ
ûĸŮϲ˵Լ֣Ҳ⣬԰һ壬б۾ط̵ֻ˵ˣҲԼӴÿһӵʱˡ
Ҷһ㶣ͷԼĶӣȻǴģЩģ˶סˡ
˸ʤ̣ʮ̹ȻϷŹǰ忡ţأҲΪ
ҶȻڹ۲ԼĴӣûнĻ磬ձүȥ飬˳ʾһԼĹģôѩûѹķĹɣ
Ҷ̧ͷص廹ãֻб߽Ͽһҽʰһ£ûҲ̹Щ
ȥҶˡԾҶѱȢңҶ˱ͷƼ֮ȨСһƥӣһ
ʱͲܳ裬һ־ͺ޲ܰеĺö§ԼҶȻƣ̵޿֮ʱҲԣϱȻⲻ
СүԽԽüۣһԼүֻһ˫۾㣬ĵط֪˭
Ҷɣ෬̽㣬˾ģشõˮ©ͺš
Ҷ˴ȥϱϸûȰɳȥ͵֪ˣŸҹТ˳ɣҹȴҶϣܵݺڶվͲˡ
˴򣬿ҩӣ԰ҩźҶ˵ӣһƬ֮˭Ҳ֪˽¾Ͱҩĵķ˰룬ҹ͵͵Ҷ˲ûôһ纮ڵû
һүĹ˲ըˣȥɵĺĹ׾ôˣ˵׻ѩ̫ԵʣС˶ɨɨѩˣαط⹦򡣡
µǷӣ󣬹ﱯˣͷļս·үֻǸţ˼飬ÿոź֣ȳһӣҲͿգԾɫˣ״̬ܺõȥأ
ԽԽǿһȣүûŵ㣬ϾҶҵǮƼϡ
ҶܲˣҲĸТأ
ТģЦŵ㲻ǣЩûõġ㣬ȥû˵Ѿû´ˡ
Ҷһæߡ
׷ֻŴգһȥŵһŨŨҩζѬòԸͷæԸСˣѴ͸͸úõ˶Ҫƻˡ
ССػصүɲҿһүôأ
ǾͰƿһС졣
Ҷ˵꣬ߵǰҶͥ˯ˣüĽţϵƤɵĽƤ
Ÿ̬ԣҶͷһᣬס֣ỽһˡ
Ҷֶͥ˶Ƥ˺ü²۾ôһССĶ·˼ƵģתͷҶ裺ˡ
ӲТ
һͻıˣҶᣬҶֱͥϣҶͥƺˣӵ֣ϱǸõģҪСģòףԩǸ֡
Ҷͥ⵱жôӣھжߡ
ҶΪ˿ݣȻɣûʵ֤֮ǰҲԸĴҶͥΪˣҲֻҹʱ߶һأûϣֻǷ˵޻²⣬ڻͷ룬ֻз˲ˡ
ˣҶͥȻŷǿҵĹʣϰеСˣǸСˡ
δ䣬Ҷͥò嵹ȥԴһᣬôҶǰ
Ҷ躿ޡ
ϢԺųһ亹ǹᵽСˣ״˴ѾˣٽǮѹһգŶӣĸѾͷӶûֻǿôֱ˸ǿȥ
Ҷ׵ʬ˺ð죬ȻŲᣬԸƽȥ̹ɥô졣
ƽȥˣֻܿˣҰһصүˡ
ˣʲôˣҶʹһͷǣһʱûףֻȥԺ㡣
Ѿȥ¥գٿϻӣ㶼ɨƵģҶٴʱҲˡҧȻҵ˵ˣ
ĩˣ׵ǰᵽСˣҶʣС˶Щ
¶ЩҶ˳Ժ־ûĹģüЩˡ
ֻһǿ
ץ
ܡˡ˿һˡ
Ҷǰһڣҡ£³ôһѪŷסأ֣ȥңҪˣҪʬ
ƽϽӦˣȷڴɺãѾͷϸţַԸȥ򣬽žͽеͣһʮˣץȥˡ
ҶڴϣһƬľȻ
ԼԼ֪ʹû˵ҲԼ°һˡôЩ꣬ͱɫͿգ־Ĵ䣬ҽҲѾȸ֮ˡ
ͻȻ䣬ԼĵޣǸǺصͷҴݣʱ벻ˣ⸮һӰӣڸм˭Ҳû뵽Ծ
㵹Щצˣӹѣõʲôأ
ټһñ
Ҷް޲ܻصȥ
صȥܸЩʲôأ벻𰸣ֻ֪Լڱ޾Ļں޺θûˡ
컹δڣƽͻˣϢ
ΪѾʶԼѾˣ˿µ˶¹ٲֻܿƽʮˣƺƴ׷ĻŲѣԸǿٿһ㣬ٿһ㡣
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