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ţԼʱˣֺͼǸغϡ
Ǵǰл͡

 2 

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ͦдʣһòӦͲݵļơ

 3 

˵УǲУҪϲÿģһʶһѣѧģָɾϽʺ㡣
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 4 

л͡±ӣϾŽܣĩˣǸ޳֣ķС

ɫѾ䣬ŽܵڣԼֲ˲ء
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ҡҳڣûмÿˡ
áƺ˾⣻Ŵ޹ԣڳˣл͡һ˲ôҲû뵽ֱֳʵҲɵһ˵͸һɺ

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̧Ƴһл͡ȥƣ˼ҵ뿪Ҳ޷ӦſӦˡ
ɣøϽקŽ뿪ˡ

 5 

һֱſڣŷſ
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ֻܰؾغõקӣƱۡ
챣ӣΣμлˡ
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賿㣬ҹеһ
Ʊյ֮䣬л͡Щ⡣
Ѿɳ˯ˣͷõĺ󱳡
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ʦ磬ӣлл
ϣһС⽣
ϰﱨţȥõλ
겻٣ϲңζҲãǮϰҲܺơ
Ҫǣ¶ģȴҼεϰ
ƯζŮˣ˵ĵеĸŮʿؾͶиС

 6 

ڵ⽸նֱܾضš
װֵ⽣Ƥڶࣻ䣬ɫ͸ϲ˺Ϻףֵ׺Щ̵Ĵл˱ǡ
ϰ֪Ŀζûзˣֻ˰͡
ȿٳԿ⽣ʵͷҪˡ
ζ˼䰡
̾ϣּһ𾢶
һϤỽ
ܣ
һ£Ŭʳתͷ
һ
ԩ·խ
ⲻףûȴлˣͱ׷þδ

ϴμ棬Żǡǰɡ
簡ѣҲ緹
е뿴ڰؿ˿ڡ
΢΢ü߹˽ܶ档
硣
㡭ðɣ
װ׾ģҲᣬֻ⻰ʵġ
ЩԣЦ
ͦõģ
ʲô¶𣿡
һҭ
ҡ
ؿڣȴֹЩЩ¶˵
ѲҪʣ
Ϊʲôüûиҷ簲żҲ˿ûпӣ㲻׷
˵óڡ
֮ǰһֱǲӦԵҲЪ˼پﲻ޵Ļ
һڹΣһȥɣҼҲס
ǵõģǰܶΣһȥϹΣΪЩԭһֱûͬ⡣
֪ΪΣŵòУҪıʾ֤û
۽ŽܣԴЩϣͽš
ӲûУֵؿһۣ˵ЩôŵĻ
ѣ˰ɣ
üͷҲһ緢
ȥϹҸʲôҸֲһ಻һϵ
ǡ
ˣǸֹı飬۸Ƶġ
ܿʼеͷˣϵ緹ɱǰˡ
ʲôʲô˵
ֵ̧ͷȥ΢΢ЩΡ
ǰǡ
һֱһȥϿε𣬻˵һѧøģ
ˡ
ǰһǰأ
ô˵ǰ׷ȴŴξܾأ
Ҳ˵ܾĴ˭ɵȨֻǼȻôĮľܾˣʲô
ܿɲʲô˼봿ƵɵΪǱж˲Ż
粻жжƫƫ̬ȱ䵭ʱж
ŮӹغȾƣ
У˵˼άֻһֺ㣻ôͰ鳶ϱߣ޷ΪԼ˽
Ҫ˵ԭﻹЩԵӵȫɢˡ
ʲôþģ
ܺˣ
ɫ΢΢ͷ⽣Ƥ̧һ¡
ѣǰҲԣҳ룻ҲͨˣԺ󲻻ȥɧˣġ
˲伱ˣʵüĿԳɫ
ǡҲ˼
ॡ
һɣĴҲѵĻ
վһۡ
ϰ壬鷳ҴҪ߳ԣлл
ϰڱ𴦸Ӧһ£ͳֻɨϵĸ롣
ʲô˼ҲǺ֪
ѣ˾ͺú̸û˼¶
еɫؿһ˿ЦҲޡ
ҶˣҲ÷˰ɣ˵ǰҲ׷㣬ԼҲҪģֵ˭
ӹϰõķƤЦⲻЦعǡ
ͨͬѧԺˮˮõġ
ۼֿزһӣץ첲֡
ʲôˮһſߣ
ǲҪټˣݰݡ
˵꣬һһѸܵſڣžܡ
ѻûӦǹһ˵Ƿ˾Ѿûˡ
ʲô
ʲôˣ
ͽεվԭأһͷԵı顣


 7 

ԵС
ٽ磬ͷңȴ˿յسڡ
ܺش˯ȹ˵ҲɰɣȴݣҲͷһݱţֵڴϡ
ǰ˸СֻһʼǱһλ壬ǼŸֽ߰
ַڼϣڰͿͿ
һĻϾͳһ߸壬һŮ˵Ưˡ
ҿôҲ⣬
лҲ̫Զ˰ɣôǻָоأ
죬ˣ죬ɾ˻һĲݸ塣
ִ֮ǰĴ壬Щ̨ʣ޸ĸĸģȵˣŷȥ
¶˵
һǰܾһ֪ƽ̨ˣΪ黶Ѵȣ˳ϣƷѸٻСҲһԾ֪ҡ
ɰ˻ˣ˵ֻȤʹʱ£ڻ׬ǮֱҪá
û취СⱲӣֻ׬Ǯ˶Ȥ
ض˵ûʲôѵģȻƽʱŵֻҪΪҪģ׬ǮѧϰԼܴ¶ͻж
ֲϸ壬ֺãı༭ֱҪҡǮҲܻΪȡȨ档
׬ǮԼϲĶȥһЩϲĿγ̣ʲôˮīӰ
·ױƷҲֻǲ̫С
ţ˵ͦȤһꡣ
ܷ½ڣ͹ر˵ԣֻڴͷֳһ£ƽǶ
ŶȣҡԲСֺͷò⡣
㿪΢ţѾظˣ֮ǰģ͸÷΢ţûл˵ϵʽ
ýãЧô죡
˷ܵޱڴص㿪ǸƼϵˡ
ͷһ羰еģĵģܷŴȥ

ֲô졪
ǽǳǶĸٹ·Ա߲Զĺȥȡ
һл֡
С︹̡
ޣлү԰
ô룬Ц軵˺ѡ
ѽ濪ģͻȻĹҲ˺ܶء
Сֻϵ磬ƨƨ߶˴һ£ԼóԵġ
һ߶л͡賿Żؼңһֱ˯磻ˣϢʾ
ͷؾȴɾϢʱעּŵضˡ
С
ԭüˣ֣뵽ʲô۾һ˲Ҳһ
С
ǸС˹֣ǽнܰɡ
ԣӦء
л͡޳ָ˶ͬ˺ѣ
ֻӵһߣϱӼ˯
ﾲ쳣š
䵭װ޼ԼȴůĹС
ֻżǳĺ

㣬ܳԹСһ緸ǸεĽϲģĿΣͻĺ档
һ㿪ֻʱ䣬ϰԴ΢š
֮ϲ
лͬĺˡ

СﾪţֻڴϱQĵҪ
һƽСش˸к
ðл
һźȺܿɰıСèèһɬ
ȥãǱҲûлӦҲ٣۾Цϲ̵ġ
˷ϲ¾ˬ
ֻȥ˱ʣȫŸš
ʢģȵĲУ˲俾֡
ܳţһЦˡ
ˣⷿҪС¿ȥѧУɹһ·һƤֻҪˡ
Σ۷ȥţڳһӲҡ
ֻˡ
ĥĥ䵽ѧУȥһѩ⣻һ˺װһ߲Ͽǧ˽ݽҡ
м䣬ôŮҲͦ۵ģһ۾Ƽˡ
СܹȥһƨԱߣǿרλ
ð
شչȥ˳ְѰŵϡ
ôô磬İ
ʵ֤ԹȻŮ˵ԡ
ùĵָֻһ٣ббƳһۡ
лֱ˵Ĩǵġ
һ͸ı飬Ŀ¶м
ôл͡
˫һһץסõĸ첲Ͳûˮˡ
ã
׽ã
һΪʩʩȻڡ
ѽиС¶һͷء
ָĲҪ̫ԡ
һ
Ϊ˶ֵһᡣ
ٸ㻭һµģҪʲôĶС
Ͱ͵ҡá
ãСɡ
̫

 8 

һۡ
ٲҲѽл͡Ǻõֵģ
Ҹ˵¶ṩϵʽԣҾԸͰȥ˼ƨɣҿˡ
һɫ֪õ˼ǳ˵ǰͷԺɶ¶ҲΪлܵ͡ʲô˺ϸء
ã˵ģԹôС磬ôҸôãӦ֪ѽ׷Ҿͷ˰Ҳûùģǿ˼Һÿȶȶѡ
òԣ˵ꡣ
ǣûл͡ôÿģҿҪ˽ãҲŬһ£ҸоԼҪһˡ
Ŵȴ쳣ᶨ
ҾֲôɾͲˣĸ֮ҵòҲﶼ׵ġ
ɰСգۣͼռ÷ߡ
Ǽʶĥ˵Ĺˡ
ˡ
Ƕˡ
Ҳˣû취ִԲˡ
üͷһãܾ֪Ǳʾ˳ˣҲԸˡ
һЦˣ֪࿪ء
չȥŮһڣ
ãȫõŮˡ
쵹ͦ
ýȴǲйһ˿˿Ц⡣
Сſأͷʹһ˽
ڽ̨ϵĽƢãǷרҵҪƷͬѧҲδʲô
һСʱѾ˳΢ţл͡סַ绰оϲá
ԵҲ֪͸Űһȹƣľû۹
˵ˣšˮǶȿˮɤӡ
Сһ˼룬ǰѱ¼΢źɾˡ
ǹ֪ҲͲЩˣҾͲ˰ɣɶġ
иֵͦԭеǰΣ볶һ˿ϵҪǸо졣
ûô⣬ֻΪ˽ӽлܼ͡ӳģԸ⣬Ǿˡ
ˣһͿԼˣŵ
ЦС;Ѷ¶ϲม
ðƬ㻭ͷ񡣡
ѽͷ̹ˡ
С߯˵¶ˣúЩʱ򣬶ԼˣôõŮҪˣһȢؼҡ

л͡°ʱ
˼⹫˾Ĵү˭ʲôģͽỹء
ϳղԿףͿԱߵĴŹƷˣž޷Ķӳǰ
֪ôл͡һǸˡ
ǸսģһμҪΪŮ
л͡죬΢΢αϣü
˵Ҫôûˣܹһף
ֱӣװڴͳֻ͵㿪΢š
΢ûϵˣ˺ȾƵֵܣǰ裻ǸС
ܺҵģϵϢ
üͷ˿ͻȻá
òǹˣֶһңҪȻû˼úܡ
л͡ŷϢͷое졣
ô˵أǵһΣиɰԣɰı
ͦʵϣ˵ǻҳôÿҲа
л͡ţͳ
ǰŮѣĸʹ·ˣƣˣٿģܾȤ
ĹӸ˵ȤģԲǰٰѰ̼ģ¶ˡ
лֵ̣͡޳ָĻϵ˼¡
л͡á
С˹֡
ֻĺõ°ֻؿڴ
Ůô˵ıˡ
϶չĵĹĵģȴֲҷֻһ˶
ֻ룬ü۶ǵЦ⣬ҲƵع
л͡תԿף죬ӭŰϼ⣬۶ȥ

 9 

һ磬ͻɵģܶж͸һɷ˿˿⡣
ɹôЩ죬ɿɿˡ
ܰСʣȥ̨·һӦˣ˻÷磬ò
ԼЩ࣬ȥ¥һ緹պˡ
ǳǰʰ·̣ܲҴǳɫ·ˣ·࣬˱ȶ̿㣬̷ִЬˬ䡣
ڿΣһڣרҵΣдҪĻʶˣִ˰ɡ
ڻҴ˰Σͷֻ˼ףȴԭĻ˴۵İס
ý˱ˮݸҲվڴǰ⿴
ôҪ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷµת
ôùƽ죬
⿴ȷ˲һףͺ񡪡
үŲסЩˮඡ
ܿ˴һڡ
ζ
ú棬ôô
ԷһأЦô
Ǽĳҵģһһɡ
Ŵ⣬ƶˡ
¶ˣһꡣ
һζſǲ˵

¿֮ʣȻʼεδ꣬С꣬ʱʱżԶƿ
ͽܻؼңǰСɡôòס
ԼҲ˵ˣ꣬Сɡ𣿡
쿪˳һҲܷ㡣
ã껹û´أССɡม
ЦŰʰߣְѸͷ񷢹ȥ
Щ飬Ѿ鷳ˣֿԵûҪ¶ԼãοҲϲִɡĸо
ֿ⣬ƻСֻ̾
аɣˣ¸Ҵ绰Լǿ
á
Ŀţתϰ϶Ƶҡ
߻ȥĻŰСʱ·̣ҲСˮӻҪȥš
ͻ֣ʱʱŵεδʢĵһɨ⣬ˬˡ
̣ȻΧƽˣ׷
¶ŷ֣ѾΪŷ磬˳ɡıԵббϡ
ӦЬѾʪˣϥ£һˮ顣
ôأֻЦ칫Ūˣ粻´´ƫڰ·
ܰѶɡͽĹվ²أʮңٳٲ
л͡ĳʱһ۾Ϳ
ɫT۲˵֪ģţ뵽̻ư
С𣿰ʪˣͷҲû⡣
ʹأȥͣԲ࣬ӭЩڵȹ˵Ŀ⣬˳
ﻹֹأ⳵ͣԸǰѽһ̧ͷͿлˣʻһݵؿ
ϲɻ
񣿽ܺȻ˵ԼС˹ֵ¶ԣ𣿿ҲѾѽ
ţȴǲ߹ȥЦ
лá
ɣ㡣
л͡һǱӣȻЩƶèһ
ϴҲǣҹúһСҲһ£̭߯
ɣҪҲֵù⳵һ¹ȥβӺ̸ɣ
ôЩ΢ԵĽС
ϵЦӲˡ
˼ңͣһ£ʲôȤζëɡ
𣿺ǡǡ
л͡þãεЦ˿ϳ»ûΪ׽
ô⳵ˣû𣿲Ӧð°ǻ˾Ǽ߰ĵŮ˻Ҿǻؼš
ûȤˡ
Ӧǻ߰ɣ
л̧͡ٺÿĲ񻰡
粻ɣϴδӦŻͽ컭ɡ
ϳ

 10 

ˮ飬ػ䣻΢ġδһ̺С
վؿڣ㶵ؽӹл͡ݸЬеֲ״
ԣôĵط
ͷԼٿװ޺ڡ
ʧߣ֪ȹӣҲڶ˳
ȥϴһ°ɣͷԡҡ
л͡ӸµվǶȻַģ
ϴٻøðҡ
ܵͷӦţ︹̣
棬ô㣬ҵҲлѽ
Ȼ죬Ȼȥһİ˼ȴûж룻һ죬ɫǻ裬˵ľˡ
꣬ǹԹ԰лָ͡ģȥ˿ͷ
£˵л˶һˣ´λлأ
˵飬أ˵ɵɣҲǺһ˼ˣ뷨ȥֻſٶᡣ
л͡ȻҲ뵽ЩˣŽܵıӰãӳſĵƹ⣬˫ʣȴתȥ˳
̽һϾͻǸԡˡ
ϱܵðʪĲˮãˮͻ
ӭˮݳֹס̾Ϣ
Ȼϴ껹ҪԼʪ·ȴһҲ˿̵á
Щ·ŮǲȥϴԺ󣬾ͽ
뻹ͦߡ
ˮУСԼѹ
ĻҪãʧԼġ
ϴˣͷɡ
л͡ôӳһ벻Һ塣
ɫ⶯һ±ӣΪл͡ûʵл͡
ζǽһ˿˿ζӦǲ˷ۡ
ΪɶôΪǰ꣬ÿÿʪˣŮʿͱ
֪ʲôʱʣ˷ˡ
л͡ɫĮһذ
ʶ˫ȥӣл͡Ҳһѷ
˻̵
ǻҪһ˿Цò֪ǿȿ޻ѿ
лллá
л͡Ϊ⣬ֻǿźɫеˡ
ҽŶʮл̫ˣл͡ɡ
Լû֣˾ŮͬҲǽлûʲôʱ
õģл͡
ɶҲ֪Ϊл͡ϲжѣһЦ¶СС
ɳЪЪɣҲԣڣԼУҺ꽪Ϳʼ
л͡һۣ˲ƿߡ
֪ˡ
л͡ͷȣ԰վű͹࣬һȥˢ룻ٻصл͡Ѿɳˣһ֧𣬰ֻ
л͡ҿʼม
С˵һ䣬л͡ûҲ⣬ԹʼС̿ʡ
ͦͺȻģֻǦʱʺ̿ˣɫĶûС
ֻܻдˣ֮ǰҪؼҵġ
һƬףţֻרעֽϵġɳɳǳĺ
ǽϹҵʱһһٵţʱʱ붯һ£ⰲĻУʱ÷ɿ졣
ܻһʣֱ˵ز֪ƣ֮ǰڵϻĺ̫ˣΣȻҪģرڲſԡ
ǣ뻽һһ̧ͷȴ֣ģؾȻ֪ʲôʱϢ˯ˡ
˯ŵл͡޺ûЩֺĸоϲˡ
Żϣŵվȥͷһë̺
ޱȵظл͡ϣǺãڵϣ˫ֳŵ棬ϸϸȥ˯ա
õĻǧѷ꣬Ĺһúðա
Ȼ̫͹ԼôƯһǰϵ⣬׸ֱ֣˵š
ѽѽ
Ůɫȡ֮е
һ߸Լһ¿ˮ
ԾģԲҲл͡ҲԽԽ
ԽԽԽԽ
ڻʣһȭ֮ʱ
ԭΪѾ˯˵лˣ͵ۡ

һ͵ˣһƨ˵ϡ
л͡ü
ʲô
ܺ߷ˣһ䣻֮С
Ǹ
Ҿ͡Ǹë̺
ɫΣָл͡ϸǵ̺
ǰɣë̺
á
лֱ͡üȻҲ˵ǡ
ﰵ̾Լùɫϣºˣ˼Ҵš
ǸѾǶˣллԸһ
û¶Ҿ͡£

 11 

ʵˣֻϽܡ
лֻ͡ޱضȲʣҲ
ܿವĿ⣬ץϵıʺͱӾϱȾܡ
ûͻȻס
عͷεĳǣޱεرл͡ЦЦ
ҡֻˡ
ǰƤǵֻɳԱߵĵϡ
ղŽܳл͡˯ţë̺͵գл͡һţֻ͵ˡ
л͡۳ŽܼԸҲȥã°΢̧ʾԼá
һӿ
ͻȻǰø˵ģл͡ʵƢܲãҲвŮһףǰиѲ׷߰ĵˣֱһƿչȥ˾ͽҽԺˡ
ȥˣСɳԱߣɾǻƿ
ү
ֻҲܲҪһٶҲһüǧֻ˵ҪͲҪˡ
վԭزһ¿ˮǱŵˡ
ɫͷһѵڳϲҡ
л͡ŲﰧʲôˣٳûжѾЩͷˡ
ֻ׻ҪҪˣҪҿɵɨˡ
΢в֮⡣
𡪡
ηηأ̽ǰ˼л͡ûжɳϣϾؿ
Ůৡһ´ֻܵĵطץܡ
л͡ûӦѾһ׶Զˡ
˰ҷˣлԸ⵱ҵģء
ܱܱߺԽԽСٿ˾ûӰ
С
л͡ſڿ˺һŵͷ˿ϵë̺
ղǺ֪ģȻ;úܺЦ
ӵͦǸģ컯գҾ͸ð
л͡ǣָ̺һǣרעš
á
ֱùŻ
ϵбɳϣݾ£ġʹ
۾غУֽı߽ǡ
ôôõ
л͡ȻһŮѷֵʱǲˣȴʱʱ˵Щ
Ů˿Ǻ͸˵Ļ񶾣ȴ޲졣
л͡˼Żϣߵߣƿ档
ͣˣʪ£ǸɫӰƵţʱʱ£ȸˮӡ
л͡˫ֲڿӿڴ˼ۣ΢΢ͷЦ
ԼǲǱ˽ͷ̫ɵôÿΣܸɳ̲סЦ顣
һֱȵˣϴⲽȥ
ȴھʱֿŻޱȰشмλá
л͡վԭغܾãһسĩˣ߹ȥŻ˷䡣

ܵҵʱ롣
Ȼ͵ʧܣ˶ָ˼һ˻ô㶼׬ˡ
СĺõشӿڴͳԿףŽȥ
Ȱాϣʱ䣬ȥɾ·ȴʱЩļ񣬰ԼСѺúʰһ
õʱСΧȹϵϣҳСˡ
Ȼһˣȴ˿¼ţڵģʲôҲûС
Եһ룬ֻʾ£ܷ¿ӣֻó
л͡
ûУ˻ؾ仰
¶ֵң鷳ˡ
һ仹ãڶ䣬źǰٰ֪ģ˵ĳеá
۳Ϣл͡Ļе㲻ˡ
ľ͹£ôҲʶһǾѣ֮ʾһ¹ĺﻹҪڶ䣿
˵ġ
ô˵СǼɵطȥһŷ۵ı֡лл
ѾллĹġ
üЦţֵҲ䡣
ô˵лֺ͡ÿ
Ĳ
л͡յϢţϲŭ
Ρ
޳ָأű
һŴһЭֿɰ
лүǹţ˼СͦɵģȻãĪ˵

 12 

ܳżҲһЩ̸壬һΪԼߣ˵˵ȥ˭ǮȥҲûɶŵģΪǮ
Сʱ仭ĸӣԷؿþã֮ǰ˵õķҲһӦ˹
۾гɸЦеأҪóԷ
Է
ԷüͷŲ޳ɡ
׬˼ӶͿʼӻ
ܲűӰΣ׬ǮŰɣָʲôʱˡ
üҾʵһٷ˵ҲǱͺѣʵֻ۽׬ǮףһŸӻü죬æ͵еģαΪԸͻˡ
Ǹ˼ͨ͸ģҲõĺ⣬ҪΪ˴лذԼȥл͡Ǽ¶顣
죬ò⣻ãͻȻǰһ
ܣ
ãԱܰɣֲҸģһһ
һ£ȻЦˡ
ӾǳԵģٲǮͺÿˡ
áȥԱ裬ġ
һͬ⣬ܹȻָǡ
ѧУ̲ͱܵС꣬һҺǿζģҪ档
һɿһζһݮζ
ԱģЦеӦһ䣬ܿ͸ˡ
ʱѾӣ̫䵽һ룬зųȺͣ䵽ÿ˵ϡ
ܣһݸãǸݮζһڣֻˣŴֻӰ
˼ת
ôˣ
Ҳ˳Žܵ߿ȥ
㶢ֻʲôأ
ϽͻȻЦˣ͵Ĳһѱס
òһĲûȥ

ɵʲô裬ΪõĽãܸܵ仯˵ľ϶ʲô¶
ã
ȻɿֻĻٵǰ
ҵƷϰˣ༭˵ٺһЩͿϵˡ
Һÿİ
Цüۣ־ţııԼϲá
΢΢ŴͣҲһŵľģ
֪ģֻû뵽ôãСﲻģ͸ô¶
ȥЦԵΪܿġ
֪һϽҪȻҲῼzôС壬ȴ̺źܶϲɡ
̰жȣĿȷôƽСŮһһŬͶĽǮʱ;ȥͶԼֱӡ
ǹЦǰŮתȦѵĲӡ
ϦŮϣƾһ˿λõζﻹűܣתȦʱȹ΢΢֧𣬿ɰ顣
ýֱ߼·˶פĿ
Զһͺգͣĵؽ粻ۣͰشǶ
ʵϣл͡СʱǰͿzǺģضη;ΣҲϤ·
ΪķңȥҲȥ˵жζŮҲ᲻Ȥ
ʲô˼ǰͷЩ˵ǣҲȤúܣϵˮζһǺ¡
ʹأ˵ȷӦѾУſˡ
ﰵԼ񾭲һ·̣ȴšԿ׵һ˲ƼЩϤӰ
лͣ͡еĶ󿿣߽
˳ӿӰأһۿ
üûˣ⸱ɵĳ
۵ĵ̯δʩҡͷԣ֣︹ţΪ̫רעûԼı仯
ҪȴһҲ뿪
ǸȹӲÿϺͰͣԸ⿴ڶۣɽܴתȦʱ۾ֱԾЩ
һĻãͫﱻֵùǧϼ⡣
лүƤֱع΢΢ͷ֪ڶʲô

Ǹ˹֣ʲôɿģ
΢ͻȻеȥԿףæҵģӱʲô
ڳǰһ룬ʶأ̧ͷ뿪ķ
ֻһۣѸջĿ⡣

 13 

Ѯzٽż١
һܿܣ󲿷ѧûаſΣϰ׼ĩԡ
ÿһѧڵʱ򣬶ǽڵʱ
ȥУһѵʳͷլˮǰδһܵĻ壬ϸѡ˺üӾ͵Ӱ
ϵĩԿĿûרҵοԣƽʱϿξͱȽģûµģֻͻһҪ۾Ϳˡ
һ磬ȥѧУҪʰһЩŽȥͼݽ˼ʷС˵
ʵʷûȤЩٵĳźܺ棬оȥĺܴ̼Ծ˳˼
Ϊ¶ûȥѧУԼһȥͼݡ
ȥãȴһ磬ֿǸ̫뿴ˡ
ѡ
񿴼ܾˣվԶĵط
ޱ飬˵ġ
һ¿ˮǿһĨȿ޻ѿ΢Ц
ѣɡ
ԷȴͻȻˣߵǰ
ܡ
ͻȻôеسƺ﷢ëòӦ
ǲǰҵ绰ˣ΢Ҳɾˣ
ɫʵڳƲϺÿģʵĻȴĪһ˿ί
ﰵԼ¶࣬˲ˣͼʲô鰡
ʲôŮѻҪȥôˣ
ԹѿڶĻҲܳ壬
ǡˡ˵ʲôأ
ţΪͬѧҲֵ̫һڼԸͣɽǷҪ
ʱﲻȥŮѣɶأ
ˣ˭ԺűΪʲô
ΪʲôȻǲ뱣ϵˣ硣
ܺȻһע⵽ѵʱ򣬾ǿɾϵӣҲãȥƶ׷ôá
ʱҪ֪ô￴ŹУôѲĶȥǰ
ѵıһӱú֡
üã
ҡûŮѰ
ǲʲôˣһֱ
һ£޵ı˲ЩΡ
ô£鱨
˼š
ܳ
Щţ
ǡûŮѣôͲˣǡҲ׷˻ܵأ㲻Ƿ׷ɰ
ðɣ˵ȥˣ޹ڱˣЩ˼ǰƨɣһֱ治ʱţǼȻ˵
һֱͬ⣬Լ̫ˣûټˣԾ͡ԣ
һֱڿ沿飬һ˵꣬ȻøЩҪȥץ첲
Ȼ˸գͱһ˲伱
ǵġҲǲͬ⣬Ϊġ
ҳŵѣϸ߲͸ҶյϣһĻֱҪ̫á
ЩʱǸһϣԸϲкġ
ϧ̫Ѷϣֲʱϧοл͡Ǹǧٱˡ
˵ģϵ£ǵϵӾҲûˡ
ܣʵҲϲ㣬֪ǰˣһᣬ¿ʼ𡭡
кŰ׳ϴһ˿Զ׼ĺΣϣǰŮ
̫͹ܵĺݾ̶ˣʵ֣ϲʱ򣬿뿴һ۵ˡ
׻ɫŮӣҡҡͷܵͣ
˼ڲϲˡ
˵ϲǿķǣܿԼĸ飬ϲǲϲ˵ҲϲʱȻһ˲Щ̫
αأֲʲôԣʲôǣģ
ԭΪ飬ҲϲͨˣҲˡ
һ˲ˣǺֵģȻУҲûкܳԾӣƶ仯֮ҲϰΪˡ
Ȼǰһ֣һҲģڣ
ɣףԺҸõġ
ˡ
תߣ
ѾһûץסһƬ½ǣﶼˣҲûȥ׷
ûϷˡ
룬Ĳˡ
ǰ׷ЩкǶ˵ģıȷ黹죻ʼ޸еģ׷ûȤԸͷˡ
Ҷ޽⡣
ֿЦģΪԼ⣻
㷲ôãܹݵˣĩˣǲЩ˵ĺ󳾡
ܡ
ĵĹﰡ
ѿϣͷ΢΢۾ϣһ
ʮ꣬һ˵ֲԵ
ǰϲˣԼۣСؿԼҲֻµİ⡣


 14 

ʢͥ
ıл£һȸ߼
ȶȹȥǺһͨ巺һɸ߹󲻿µĻʡ
л͡ʻһӦ򿪣ȥѸٹϣлѾӭˡ
л̺ҵ޸黹ԣྴˣԶл͡۰ȴǰֲ١
ⲻյ˶Զ֬͵ŰѶӽлؼˡ
ϻǸƯĲ˰ûҼǸҿƬˡ
ĸ׵Ļտ˸ͷл֪͡Ҫ˵ʲôߣɫһ˲ͱЩ͡
Ųܣ˸ŮѣôƯﲻ֪ء
ԶӣҰӸһֻȥǸ͵δŵļ񣬵ˣٸ׼ġ
л͡úܣҲ߶ֱתߵ¥ݿڣһֱǸӣһӾЩˣ
л͡
곤ֶΣͼôǳȥסӣϧл͡ף߻ߡ
ǲָ˹ˣ
л͡ԣͣס¥ĽŲȻûת
ˡ
лĸɸֵصл͡һۣĺӺ޲ˤ⵹ùͷϡ
㿴˼Ұ˼Ұǹˣء
ٿ㡭
죬ˡ
Ҳ˵ҪҸóöƯģֻҪܰúø̸ŽȥٸСӣҾллˡ
ǰ߼һޱ飬ݣֱһֱͨǶ
զⲻӣҽײ˻顪Ǹ˭ϣĹӸһ֦㡭
ѵĻ˵һ룬ĺͻȻߣԽԽСӦЩš
զģͰ
Щݵģ̽
л͡Ȼûͣĸһ߶ˣװļŶԵ˵ͷ
ţǸܿɰ
⻰˵л͡һ˲ȻǸɫӰ
˰ɣ
ôĶ
ɰɰðֹϲӣ͸˼ҵʱǵ˵ҸģδŸģС϶һӾͶˡ
л˵˶ӵĳŵѾõĻ޷԰ˣֿʼੲݡ
л͡ͼѾ޶ȣԼͷը
衪
ɫݡ
Щ֪˵ٱˣĶ䶼ӣ˵˳ȳԷòã
л˱˻㬵ر죬һۣתȥӶ׼緹
л͡¥Լķ䡣
ҵɳ£ӿڴͳֻ㿪΢š
ͽܵĶԻͣǴллС˵òɣڳһϲĲ˵ģôҲû飿
Сƭӡ
л͡ĪеƣֻӵһԵϣͷ˻Ǹӡ
ǺɫޣȽϵ͵ĶȴƯ࣬Ө͸
ϧûŮ˿͡
һ£ʱܸʱ¶ʱţֻʵÿһͻ̧ۿ
ģǿͿСԲǰϸ
ضȥһһдﻭԾȻֽˡ
ҪǴӣӦҲÿİɡ
˼ţֲԾй¶һ˿Ц⡣
˵ѵʣҲӵ񣬵Ը񲻴ָɾϲ
ԽԽƫˣл͡Ӧǹˡ
üͷ΢΢򴽣ӺϧֱӴݵӽװУӶúϡ
겻ɢСƭӡ
һ˵ĶתͷͰ˸øɾ
ʱȫǳĽΪ
Ϊϲ
л͡Խ΢ͻȻʲô
ǲǷˣϲôֲŮһֲÿûͬƥļ
л͡ʶģԼǰżԱȽܣȴ͵ʶ˼һûס
ǣѾһǴԲϲС
ļͻȻ
л̧͡ϴ򿪵ĺӣ˳˼

 15 

Լߵ룬ɫѾȣƵһ
ڴϣһԼ㶹ϺǰСϵԲŵӾ磬һߺһʡ
̫Űˣء
ǽֺܺãСϲ
𾢶أ绰ˣһѴͷֻ
ʾãָϽקСϵĲͽֽ˲֣ŵ˽
ιܰ
ôˣã
ǸֽɾĵطĨĨ۽ǣ䦳Ứ
ҪҪòˣ㲻Ҫڼİ
ڳһֻ֣Ҩһͽ
һҲģһͷľ磬˵ģֻ˯
ɵưɻЩضʲôģͷۣڼԸ˯ˮ磬ò˵
Ĳл͡Ҳڡ
һ£죬
ô¶Է˯򶹶һ˲䶼ˡ
ǡǺðɣȻˣҾΪѡ
ѽ
绰ͷЦüýָͷǸС˵־
ΪѣԸͲ£ͦϧģ˵ôÿˣͲˡ
ͣ
ͻȻĵ٩ֻӶߣͻȻθȣ
ãҽѻһͷȥˣ
ˡ
˵꣬أҲͷ˻Ӧϲ̵ذ˹Ҷϡ
Ǳ߶ЦúܿģֻŻϣתͷų
ˣһ
˵ǳһᣬҲˣһܣڼָ죬绰ôһģɲл͡ŰСŪ
̧ȥƳԱλл͡ûʲôãԷˡ
ԱߣŮѴ绰һɵþȤ
˵׻ǰ͡Ӵ󣬱С㲻鲻Ըģһ˵͡ҲڣĿǽһ졪
ⳤ˧ù
˶Цü͵͵Ƴȥ˵ĵˣҡľƱȻûʲô飬۾ȴ¶ǵЦ⣬ȻԳ˵Ļüˡ
лүǰܷ˶űŮ˻ЦҲͰˣ˭Ŀŵص٩
ͳֵõԴֻǸûģսС㡣
˿ûɵģ¶Լ˲²⡣
ܺãֺ˵ƣ˵ҲԽ˳˼绰ȻʲôƵãתͷã
ðҼǵãҵһμС㲻Ǹ˵ϲ¥˱ˣŻ𼱻ǵظ˽й𣿡
⻰һ˵ɫ˲䲻̫ˣȻ󣬵Ҳ㹻л͡ˡ
Ȼ䣬л͡ıһ˲һΣյسӣƳһۣ
ôô죬۰Ͱ͵ؿǼҰ͡ˣǿɲУҪİ͵һһ⡭
Ļû˵ΪѾۼֿأס졣
˵ȥ춼Ҫͱ
ЦһΣл͡
˼͡磬˵˵ģܲŮˣʱ򲻶¶еҲһֱûͬ⡭
˵ϣұͲռԽԽС
ûʲô۶ģ͡磬ܾǵ㳤úÿѣʶһ¡
л͡һھƣִӣ
֪û
ûţ֪ΪСЩʲô
̧һԶǸޱϤģӦģǴɵɫĺý
˲ͫ΢ŵϲһɨ⣬ֻʣ֣
Ҷײǹˣ군
ʱС̣˿֪л˸ǰƣһء

 16 

񡪡
Щ̫
ܸоԺ󣬻ĽŲЩɻ󣬳ԼСÿȥ
ã
߶һɶʱ򱬳֮ġĶйȥܰ
Ҳû룬Ǹ¥Ϳл͡ˣ˵ϣͨͨģС¹ײ
ϹЦȸ֣Ȼߵл͡Աߣ
л͡
Ŷֱӽ֣ҴС㣬͡ء
˼СȻ򵥡
ȼյİ֮꣬л͡˾ԵûôУƤû̧Ǹ֮ģ
ţɡ
Խ˵л͡żΣ䵭̬ˣ䵽ǰİȫգһ¶ǣ
⣿⣿
ʵл͡ǰЩŮѣǶĵغ棬Ϊһģ̳ģӣδǧƪһɣʱ಻ᳬ죬ϰΪˡ
һݿɿϢСﻹûףȻҲƯȻлү̬ȷͬѰ
ǻһǶŵģһʼл͡һֱģ񣬳һλС㣬˲ˣҪ˵ʲô˶֣оͽ˼ɡ
һ˭֪Ը˼ҹǸֻ˵ģ˶ֵĽڡ
˹ˣְڼӣüӸڣ︹ֲ̣ҿ
ܺòĺͿļ˵˵ͷǴкˣðڰ֣ԼԱߡ
л͡е¡
ݲָо
Сư˵һˣûԹʲô࣬Ҳδĥ֣˵ûʲôģżΣû˵ģôһ˵ǰûϲˣһͲ˳ˡ
ԭǸ˼ǨĶСƭӣ
ΪʲôŮ֮ǰǿϸɾϲ
лүžƣ۽Ƽûͷںֹǲ֪ˮðƫԼû
ܡ
лܺ͡ͳдԣɳ΢͸һ
һڣǸ˶ͣеĶ
ܷŴÿУѾ֪ȥ⣬úˣл͡һǿһҲ˵᲻ĿҪϣҲվذ갡Լжٽģƾ泯л͡ΪĹԴйϡ
Եл͡еشλվЦе˹ȥ
л͡ҡ
ɳ˵ģû˻ڣ΢΢Բλá


Щסˣ˼ȥܸòϴ͵δл͡Ҫ˰ɣ
үôƨƨߵֲܹл͡һݣԭѹΪԴףǸء
ܽҧ´ӣû취л͡˵ģ¡
տʱл͡ŵһζȻ͸һ˿۸У嵭𣬵Ǹس
ϴ㻭Żһͦϲġ
һ˵꣬л͡еԼεŪúл͡ϸ˵Ƶģ߯ˡ
û뵽л͡Ϊ˸˵⣬ͦŵģһͻָˡ
лл
˳úãҲܻĺá
ŶŶ
עߵЩˣＸԼͬ뷨
ֲܸСѣл͡Ļģǡôģ˻˹ĵġ
л͡ǲźۼعһ£תֳǸҺܸ߹㲻ı顣
Ҹղſһҵ΢ţͷ̫ˣŮ˵㾭
ܻЩԣûӦ
ܸܲҲһţǮ㿪
ˣŵһ£˵л͡ҴҵҪһŻͷ񣬶ҵеŸαСġ
ƽʱûҲ˼Ҳ˵òֳֵֻ߷ֶѡ

 17 

˵˵ȥ⵹Ǹӽĺûᡣ
ЦеӦˣ˼˵ģرƬЧãϴӽˣա
Ǻãһõģ㲻С
л͡ɫƽͣ˵ͷ
ҼȻ㻭ˣȻϲģûһ˵
⻰ã֪໶ϲ
ӣʱ򱳵Ǹл͡۳ţ²ϴεЩֽʣȴϣͳһƽ壬һֻݱʡ
ǡҪ
ֹл͡벻ͨ˳⣬֪ƽϾȦӣƽʱ˽Ӵ滭ãҲֻֽϣδӴġ
գۣȴûͣ¶ֻipadЦһء
죬
ƽʱûģҲߵϻģǰ棬ͷÿ
˵棬ЩԼԼЩˡ
ܿģҶ¥Ҳܳл͡ģҲðƣֻҪͿԻˡ
ڻֶԣʵģڣǱƾҪ׵Ķ֮࣬߱ģʵʲο
ҿºڣȻ
л͡¶ЩâЦ⣬򢣬ʾ
úͳգһۣԽ֮䲻ܸоָĬڿš
˵Ժ󣬽ܾõݱʵ㿪ƽʱõĻͼʼĻԼһСǸʣűȥԼڲ
ԱЩ˶ģҲͦʣ뿴л࿴Ůʲôͨı£ȻȻأҲͶĻĪȤ
Ա߰úͳ͵Ƴ˼ΣֻƼҵ߸ɫʹ̬ܿⷽ棬ѾֵΩΩФˡ
ԼСͷܹһʣѳƷͼã̧ͷԴЩϣؿл͡
л͡
ỽСèһӵ﷢ҲǾƾԭʱ䳤ˣȻĪЩļ¡
㿴һ£һˡ
ƽݸл͡øղȥ̺һڣѹѹȻ
ˣл͡ʢյɱʵ̫ԹǣͰԵ֪ϦϦˡ
л͡Ż˺þãԱҲм˴չȥԼͬСС̾һ¡
ô˵أϾǴʦģ˵ɫǾͶ̬ʣļ񣬽˵һۣ֪л͡
ƣơ
ܺÿ
л͡ЦԵö࣬ƽ壬ֿ΢΢ͷĽܣﲻ֪ʱࡣ
ģͦϲŮӣɾвŻ
ü˵竣֪ģﶼð뷨ǲǺл͡ЩǻŮ̸ϾƯѾĲ࣬Ȥȴû
ͼҰɣ˳пҲҰѸѸȥ
л͡˵ЩģӦùиѰɣţֿ˽ܺüۡ
һ£Ϊֻ˵˵ѣû뵽ȻҪǮ
õģ
˵ЩİͣϾĳɷڣƽʱӵЩ̸壬湹ͼٻüСʱųĳƷֻֻĶѣҪǮĻѰ
ⶫֵǮģ㻭ģҾ͵ˡ
˵ǲ֮䣬ͼѣ̸Ǯ
ٺЦţԼҲû˵ɶ˵ģﻹ룬ģûֺл˶һǺøжȿ϶ǰ
ⲻ֪֮ĶԻʵǰ˸ˡ
лү˼˽»ϵأҪ֪л͡ЩǰΣûл͡΢ţ鷳¶Ǵ绰ֱ˵Сͦ΢ŶˣǳŮѵĹۣɹڲôϲתˡ
˼죬л͡ûЩƣֻǾøղŽ˵Щϲ˵ǹϵͬһˣҲúһλɣл͡Ǹưģţ˵õλҪߣϾôϲһƼһ߲·ĳӡ
뵽Խϲ
Ȼ㲻ҪѣҾлɡ
˵ţƽݻܣټᡣ
ЦôܣСضѾ㶵Ľ˵
ܣʲôأϽӹл
ǿˣֹһֱһӽл͡л͡Ҳأ´νӴĻᡣ
ܷӦϽȥƽ壬Ц¶һڰȻüˡ
ϲͺãлҪġ
룬Լʲô·һлЩҲȤл͡ȻˣһμĻᣬҲûʲôѵˡ
л͡ЦӴ£ڸǣҲ֪ʲô

 18 

һƾ඼ȵκлֻ͡ǰ֧󿿣ţϵֻ
һСʱǰСѾǣûãлүֻʮˡ
ùֺЦģԭΪлָ֮͡Ҫ¶ˣû뵽һ飬ҲǷһģҲ˼ҲЦü䡣
л͡Цһͷ޳ָֻĻõ㣬һ;Ǹֻڳǰ
ŽܸĻѾͷˣ΢챳ҲŸͼ
üһҫˡ
Ȼл͡΢ţ൴һԺû㲻ı顣
û֪֪ʲôɣ
Ҫǰ˸˵л͡ȥһŮˣǴҲŵġ
áڿǇNɪĲˡ
ֶƱ˼ڡ
л͡ްֲݣãֻͼôҲ
룬Сﻹͦϲ
ĻϵЩͱǿˣ̲סЦ⣬Ҫվǰ˵
л֪͡뵽ʲôɫһ˲סһһȥ
Ťͷűɳϵĳ̧ȣЬ

ǻ˵ģ
л͡Щ㣬˻ӭųɻĿ⣬ǿ˿ڣ
ǰϲǸеģô£֪𣿡
Եɵɵأ񱻽һˮ͵ˡ
㡭ͻȻ
͡Ҳ̫˰ɣĶǸСеȤҲĲ룬л͡ѲֺþǰģĪеĴ׶ԣ
⣬ʲôͳҪ˵ȥ˻Ц
ضл͡ƾûˣ
л͡飬Ŀ޶أǲ
ûʲôҾˣﲻ
ӣ⡣
üͷ˵ǣʵҲٸףʵл͡ɣδ̫ǣǿ
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͡
ţҲЩŵζ
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üͷһš
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͵ʶԼŴԼȵСڵˣл͡һ߲ʵģҲܷŮ˺鰮Ͳ壬ҲԹãӦô
ɳɳɣҲô˵
ϽĿڣϴ̬ʮϣ
զΣЩ¶ˣ
лֿ͡һƿƣƳ˳һۣ
˵
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﷭˸ۣǷˣûپŲţʵʵػһ£ǰڸģ
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˵ţȥ۲л͡ı飬ûٶż
񿴲̫СȻ£С͹ˡ
Уֻһ仹
л͡ɫвݣͷһƣòŵ
ϡʲô
٣߷߲ƽˣȫȻ֮ǰ˼С˹ţզΣֻݹٷŻյư
ƲƲ죬û˵ʲôˡ
л͡¾Ʊְֻ㿪ͽܵ΢򣬰ԭıעĳˣ
˼ǨСƭӡ
һ𣬰ֻӵһȥ

л͡أ˽ܺü졣
˵䣬ʵҲ㣬˼˵ҲظŶֻǱǰûô໰ˡ
꿼ܣʱ˼̸壬л͡ôΪԼѾѲڵ̨ˣϧæĲɿûκ쳣ġ
˼л͡ԭֻ֮Զ۲ĸ߸ϣл͡ͷһζЩ㺣ϸɵҲĻһǻ⣬ӲǴ
˺üа޴ɷ벻ףԼЩʲôֲԴףϲɵϸϸҪԼҲضã˵Ҫר飬ôֽͬ
˼룬ĸߵлүôҲȥһҭɤ۶ﰵǸԼС˹֡

 19 

һգۣΪĸĿĩԽˡ
ܲ䵽õĿվſһͿǸϤӰ
С˷ˣ߸ߵţû֡
Ҳӿ첽ӣ˳ߵСߣŮŴѧУ
ȥѧУƷ˸Ľ˹С⣬ͣͣعһѧУĲн֡
СͣͻȻʲôƵģﶫûȥؾͿ˿ڣ
ܰ
찢һ죬죬л͡˰
ΪԼɫСãνǲģκθл͡йص¶Ҫһ¸ܣԼѶϴˡ
ͣĶŤͷʽܣ
ʲô𣿡
һ£
ңȥʲôѽ
һ
Ҷ˼лү˵Ǽε·ˣͨѣȥˣ˼Ҳϣǲεġ
٣Сﻹ֪֮ͦǺó룬Բ֮ˡ
ҲıЦˣ΢СüͷɵͭԻۣ
ĶôԷƱģôɰ˭˲ϲ㾡ȥл͡ԸˣҸı֤
֮ôĵȻԸĿ۲ģл͡ʮа˾˼ģ·˻ͨô򵥡
ڳһֻ֣ཪԲСĻϲҪ
ҵģĺˣֻҪȥԻӭ
ֹӭ˳ʲôأǰϣл͡ͲϷ
ӭŽܰŰɵı飬Цһȭͷȼͣ
ѽҰɣ
˳ְԵĲСӽԱߵͰŽܵļ򣬰ϰק
ߣȥлȥ
ûֻøಽĳȥݳƷꡣ
СֲԸģԼչûõǮᡣ

26죬л͡ա
ǰһϣл͡ʹӳУ֪Ҫμӣô˵أȻϲԣطֵı仯崺УôЩ޴롣
ҿĶŶǡ
Цţ˼úõһ˼主󻨣ҪԶˡ
л͡йЩԸҪ׼ųͻ˼ңӹǸɫ޺ӡ
Ө͸л͡ģл͡ſţ
໭棬ܵʱһɵʿɲΪ͵δʱֻߵĿɰģϦתȦȹڷ硣
һ룬͵ֿʼð
ӣﶼâЦ⣬ãСأ·Żغϸպá
ա
˸磬Сû˸ױ
Թԣá
۵رԼϲһССؾ̾ţһϸϸΪüۡ
ǵôϸл͡Ȼأ
Ϊͷȥţ
ܿŸЩ޷޲ƽģ
ǻذҺüĸء
Сţ춼ܹҽƿˣ
СˣЩʲ׼ٶĿࡪ
ǿЦãҪܺл͡һСǮʲô˼һ£ûж죬ˣԼĥȥɡ
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Цţõ绰ˣֻͳһۣ
߰ɣˣ˵ȵżѰˡ
һʾζؿŽܣ˵ĻҲָ
ôһ˵ȻЩԼĲ²⣬¹Ǽ٣ʵˡ
Сĸģһ󻹳ôÿһʱԳԽȲл˶ˡ

 20 

ЩͣǽܼˣȥŮˣΪƣõĸ첲ӼתȻԼˡ
ûôߵÿɲǳصģ֣ݺݵص˻ȥСֺش߾
᳡ͦģõҲܻĿʻ͸㣬һô𸻵Сۺˡ
ҪԺܿǩۻᣬҲôųͺˣĽ˵
ÿŽϵ㽣һΣ֪ôɵл͡ˣֻҪ΢һ˵棬ߴϵģлҶ𣻿ϧ˼һԷƱϾлֻͨ͡ѡ
ܣǸʲôģۣ
ܵСŶקߣ
ǰ͸лˣԲ˼ҵĺøУΪԺܻе׷ҵשߡ
عͷȥһ࣬
ס𣿡
ܱקţѳֻܵͷ絷⣬һȥ
л͡װĵŴĪˣܹĺɫɷֿʼȻԼ֮ǰıԹһСﻨôǮ˵Ҫ˼磬Ūô鷳
ڵֻһţôܿԼ˶ٽһ㡣
úôãβ֪ʲô
Ӻ˽һ£һҶ㡱ı顣
ȥɣǧŮȽӽл͡ˡ
СԷ⡰ͷʦ
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ǰؼ˵ЩĻûˣççײײðûζŭĻϲؿĻÿ
øǲ㰮ģǰ׷ֹһ֪øֶжĳһ˲䣬˲ЩϲΪԼȻúܡ
ҲҲ°ܻл͡һĺ
л͡ھٱЩΪصƳһۣ
ⲻ˺üûĵС
뵽ǰ찢˵Щòѹȥˮֿʼð
ʲô˰Ǹ˼ǨСƭӡ
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л͡տ֡
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л͡ȻгһգҲխȥƽС¶ԽԽȥˡ
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Ӳ
ܲΪ⣬ӡел͡˵ˣ˵ЩҲ
Ц˾ȹڣ
šøҵģҾ͡
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ʲôֵǮǰÿһۣΪǽ͵ģͻȻҲС
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ЦĵرԼĻϲ
ҺϲΪϲΪ㡣
л߰͡ļòעⱲӻᱻ֮͵׷ϰߣΣȴԸ˵
ϲͺãһ㿴ϡ
Щ˼ĵͷеţֵĻڣĦһ¡
ʵϸҲǣл͡лĺ壬˵޹ؽҪٹҲûӵеЩء
ܡ

ͷһλôУеϰߣһ£̧ͷ
ҹһ£ϴ˵øлһ¡
ţϡͿظл͡һᣬ˺ܶУӶ͸л͡
ߵߵӣһȻķõĺɫӡ
ݸܣ
ҲܰҪĻ˵ûʲôô͸㡣
ܽӹȥСش򿪣һۣһӾЩסˡ
СʶӾӨ͸ϸϾģž͸һ֣գ
ܰӷŻغֽл͡
ⶫ̫ˣҲҪǵͣ䲻ôлҴϣָҪҹҹ֣̿ܰĵġ
ִͦл͡ӣһֱš
û뵽ܾôɴࡣ
û뵽Ůܾܾ͵ģɫ
л͡ӶֻڸԼ֡
Ը߷ڣȥ˸߷ȥҲңգ֣̿ǣ
л͡Ȼװףû˵

 21 

š
˿Ǹӣ𴦣ûнӡ
ͳȥĶûջĵ
ֲֵǮô裬ǰŮѣҲչҵĶ
ܻǴۣһΪѡ
л͡ĲУֱӾͰǺӴ

ܶлֱ͡ӴӺóǿӲϡ
ŰɣͦÿģҲڽԻҡ
ʵ̫ԴǣԳ˺ÿٿ䲻ˣĺţ̹
û뵽̬ôźۼذֳҲ֪˵Щʲôˣ
һʱ֮䣬Щ͡
л̾͡һ߽
ɵվˣˣҼǵãиѼĻýģѧģʵһӦûó
ӣͬ
߰ɣҴȥʶһ¡

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лܵ͡λȷĻý͵ģͲһĳ硣
оͲ廭ͼ档
ѴɵɵģڻһֺûҪԺҪָܸ·
л͡Ȼƽ棬ⷽϾࣻؽţͬǸһ¾ƱһЦ˭˭˼ˡ
ӦţϾлүӣ˳ˮѣĿȻҲٲˣ޷ﾪ̾һ£ƽƽһСֶλͦ
л͡ĵģ֪ĻΪʲôϵһֻѡ
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л͡ȷˣվˣųһڰɳЪţտƿƣþŽܽˡ
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üŽܣл͡ԱǸСɳϡ
л͡ȻģֿһƿСЩľƿƿϻӡ÷
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˼û˵˼ԼˣԼأӦòʲô¶
ܺһڣϰ죬
šֺúȵģġ
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л͡ЦЦתָԼҲһ
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ںӦţֺԤı
ҲϲأȻǵʲã˵ζҲ治úܣɤӣںһ
˼ģ˭ûж˵ʲôõͳΣл͡רĿŽܺھƣԵƷʲôġ
ֻǹһСЩ΢ˡ
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˵ʲôȻԼѹһʲô¶ִⲻԸȥ
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л͡һľƱ£վߵԱߣϥ¹򣬰Ƕ
̧֣ѽܶߵ鷢õŮûʲôӦƤš
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˵ĽԽʵʲôʹʲôȻл͡˼ֻΪ˵ƺòúȶѵġ
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㣬㻹ǵ˭𣿡
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ǡϲ𣿡
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Σܲû̻شһʱ֮䣬ʶ˵𰸣л͡ԭƶڱĥһɣ֮ǰֳģϲ᲻Ǽٵġ
ܡ
Ժͻߣպ˵ʵ뷨
Ҫô㵽ףϲϲң
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䣬ûü˵ƾͷѾСԴ
ϲʵΪÿ˵Ҳ㲻ϣ˵Ů֮ҲЩǣǿ֮ǰ˵ŲģʵҲûʲô飬ǴɫĴȴûɹ͵㡣
л֪͡
ֻ׿˵˵ϲ
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үˣһУڳĶʱԲԱҲõ˵ϲ

 22 

л͡ﶼЦ⣬࣬ǰ˴գǰʶѾŮ
Ҽˣ׿˵ġ
Ҳ֪ڸ˵
ȻϲңҾ͸ᣬģǰһ
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ҲҪĶԴǰ˼ǨҪԵҸᡣ
˵棬ԽԽͣվϽ棬˵ǸһᣬֺγǹرڸԼһ᣻ֻ·ͻȻѵʱ˵ϲ
ϾĳϣҲл͡ĳٰܲɣʱ򣬾˿ŤֻĻϲأӦһá
ĵģͬʱҲĥϵĽǣȥӭ
ǰֱϥĸ/֮ҲЩΪʲôԷֻܶ࣬ΪıһЩ⡣
ϲǰͼһ˲ˣͷңǰûʲôˣܰѶԷΨһļϡ
ӵŮܱɵӡ
ˣֻǼɫѣϧлϲ˫ۣʲôҲ˲ˡ
ˡ
л͡ӣԭλͼͷãųѾŽˡ
ͷһۣȥ˿ڵ̺ϵĽܣ߹ȥϽٿл͡ʱѾûзô䱸ˡ
л͡ûǱߣֻԹԵصƣǹţԶ׼鲻ÿˣԼЩˡ
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ܿǺˣûͻ״鱨ҪյѽС˿϶Ҫʡ
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л͡治ɫ˵⻰һеԼͼӴЩ
һԵúͳˣ˶ɵˡ
Ѱ˼Сͦ¸Ұ˾ƣʲôҴֵ˵ˡ
⡪
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ðСŰ͡񻹲ˣתСһӰ顣
Ц軵üŪ۵أƳȥл͡ɫԺͷûʲô֪⻰û˵˵Ŀˡ
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л͡΢΢ͷЦһ
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Цһְڰ֣
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ĻЩסþöûлػ
л͡ͳˣʶôãһԹģԳϽҲܼ򵥣ʱ򣬶һ뷦ﶼûʲôȤӡ
Ų˼仰л̾͡ʷΣƪ۵ظͣκĸƵġ
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źͽܵ΢棬ͣڼǰظͦˣСҲżߡ
ָĻϴ˴˲ʱʾ
л͡


 23 

ѵʱԴɵò񻰡
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л͡
ĸŮʿż˾͸Ͻҹؼҡ
Թԡ
ǰûԼôҪ˯һȻյôϢֻͣһ롣
ȵȡ
СͻȻӦϽȥ÷

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Ҫ˵᲻ϲеҡˣԼＸϾǺл͡¸߲ʣÿÿ̬ҲȽϵûɻл͡˼
Ҫ˵֮ϣδеоˣܾһСǾҪ̫࣬飬˳Ȼã´μл͡ٺúù۲һ£Ҳ˼ͱףȻóԸ
ˣȸл͡úϢҲѵϣ˯¾´úöԼϴ˸ɾˬֿʼһ
һߣлϡ
ܲð칫л͡ɳϣһĵԱλл̵ѵ⣺
ҵԴʲô棬ܳʲô¶
лΪлȨˣ٣µĳ˲ŭģλߵ¡
Ȼл͡Ҳδ壬ҲԼĸףֻһĿǰ֮Ҳ֪ڿʲôǲȥл̡
ΨһĶӣԻعŰɵһѧõֻ֪Ժ֡
ǰøܵģ׵ǼǧĶĶãⲻĶǿ˼ҲϣԼҲһµӣ˾
л͡ЩڹⱻҰˣͬױ㲻ϲ˹̫ܵлֳ괦ƿߵݣϰ˾ʲôֶӵ飬ö֮ìܾͼЩ
⸸ƽﻹãֻҪյһʱ䳤ˣⲻҪ߶䣬л͡Ǽͷģػضֵòɢ
㿴㣬ԼĹ˾ϰ࣬㶼ȱһǸ˴𣿻Ҫ
лˤļϣȻл͡ΪѾʼŭˣл͡ǲŲæأֱ䣬Եһˡ
ôˣúЪţͬʲô
˵ǲҶ˵һҪӵģ
Ҫʵңֱ˵һұ֤ԶԶģһ۶Ʋš
üۣߺֻǱԵøйԡ
԰գл͡վûл̻ػ󲽣ͳ˰칫ңˣصعš
ͽͷЩ׵л̣ôӵۣ޷̧־ͰϵĶɨڵأϣؿƽ
л͡˹˾ϳʱףڸʻֻʹӲ߿ڴˣϰ㿪΢š
ظϤıŻЩͳϢ˲Щ۳ЩЦ⣬仯֮ࡣ
л͡Ѱ˼һأȾʲôҲˣͻȻеսСˡ
̫ˣ϶ڼæŸϸӣôš
˼ȥл͡ԼķӣҲûʲôģӰ˯
˵һʱ䣬ôǲţҲ͹ȥˡ
Ϧʱл͡ڿĵذϣŴգûǸСһ뷨
˵Ļȴֳˣ˵죬ֻԼ
лֻ͡Ļһ˽սģδ
ջ֣˸Ϣȥ

 24 

ʱ򣬽ܿѾûôˣС¿ȥ˵ˡ
ܼ򵥣һ˷ݵ׷һСϺ㶹嵭»𣬻һ˿ͦźˣΪ˸ǵӱš
жհСӣûüһֻʾл͡Ϣ
ܣҵַĶ
űע֣ܵڵһºˣգ۾£˵Ļ
ô찡ʵַ
һʺţ֪ôʣԵúûòܻ˼ȥǵ˶λ͸л͡
Ǳ߾þûٻأֻ˰ӣҲͷˣ
ˣأҲһʣûٶ룬ԳԷȥˡ
СԷһȽԵĸɾʽеģ׼вÿ꣬һҲԵýζ·Ȼ죬ˣʾ΢Ϣ
˳ֵ㿪һл͡
ܼԼģһ֡
¥¡
ܸϽĲ;ߣæվܵԱߵ̨˶¿
Ȼˣ˫ֲڿӿڴҲ̧ͷؿ
֣ܳתͷ¥ܣСأܵ÷ɿ죬˵ġ
ܵл͡߶˻л͡Ҳ˵
ƽЩ˼ʣ
л͡ôͻȻˣ
л͡Сƻͨɰ;ϲǰһԼûûʱֶһ
˵¶ͷˣ룬ʶӣҲ͹ˡ
˵ͳʵ˼ˡ
⻰Щǣ
¶ˣ𣿡
л͡û뵽صЦһ
أС¶ֻӰˡ
ҧŴ˼Ҳ૵
鲻ð鲻á
ǰһ
Ҫ϶ûɣҴȥһرóԵĿ⣬ԱȻͻˡ
ɷ˵ţĵر֤л͡û뵽ôȻ
ûз˳˼ͷӦá
У΢һȥʰһ£Ͼ
á
Ͽˣƨ߶ƨ߶ؾ¥ܣ˼ңûҲҪˣ·͸Ͻ¥ȥ
ûʻл͡ӺӾһ죬û˵ʲô
Ž˵õַûʮӾ͵طˣ濴˾ͦģ𱬡
ǸϷˣûϵͦģҲӦλãҷ񲻴취ڳλõġ
л͡ҵɫüɫ裬лܿ͡жϲҿꡣ
Ȼͦģһ˫λãлܶ͡棬ĵʣ
ܣǺϲԿ𣿡
˵ţѽܵĲ;õԼǱߣԱˮˮһ¡
Цеأۣ
ţʵƽⲻ࣬ϲʳϲżԼο⣬
ʱдְҵװķӲʲ˵ˣջǰѲ˵ݸл͡
ܵһӺˡ
ģ磬ޡ
л͡ò˹ȥת͵ݸܡ
ɣҶǺϤģʲôҾͳʲô
ǷԱıЩӲˣܵЩӣ΢΢͸Щš
̹ˣ̵ذѲ˵ӹȥƽʱһʱǼ֪ζܲ
Щɣٰһѩ裬лл
˵ţѵõĲ˵ݸԱʱһ䣬ԱӦһʱֿл͡üۡ
ܲɵþЦԴЩ٩
ƣúÿܻӭǸԱС㣬һֱ㿴ء
л͡ȴϰˣû˵ʲôЦ̧ͷۣ
ļĹ򣬶ͻˡ
ڿϻҪһ죬еģֻҲȥ̧ͷл͡
л͡Ҹ㽲һϵĶӣ϶ûп
һص˵
ڻؼҵ·ϣ·ߵе࣬ͽһϵ죬һȥһ飬ԭ콦ࡪ

л͡ҲЦûô龫֣ܻкܶϡŹֵĶ
Ц䡣
л͡ػӦһ䣬رᣬϧΧЩӣͷĵƹůɫڽܸûע⡣
ֹЦ˼
ԣҲЦ䣬ҽ̫ЦģƲסʧ󡣡
ҡͷԵСдʣл͡ʵһʼеĽû뿪
֮׽˺ܶ࣬ǰżʱľʧˣոǢ
̻жੲݵСԴͻȻûɵģл͡ǰǾÿǿˡ

 25 

һٷ˸СʱŽ
ʵûԶ٣ƽʱͳ߷ֱڼҳ˼ڷˣл͡˹ģԸҲš
ܳԸڣͻùл͡һҶһĿ⣬ٷһƹȹˣպطл͡˵ԼŪúóԡ
С˿佱ĸˣԼԵò࣬һֱڸл͡ŪϾǴģҲûֹͣ
ֵͦģüεͷϣżһ̧ͷܿл͡һ񣬿ֱë
˼أҴԼΪԭܾл͡ĶĶǺõģҲʲô񶾵Ŀġ
վలµسˣл͡ȥˣϵˣ
˵ɢĵģȻ룬˵㻹ôصĶ
Сһֻֻϴȥ㿪֧һֻסл͡л͡ͷֻĸ첲һ֪ʲôʱֹͣĶͰǶͷš
ֲʲô߶ѳһүҾ͹ˣСȻǮеΡ
ĺģŽ޳ȥѵл͡ĿƲסЦˣ뷨ôҲȥˡ
ˣ߰ɡ
ܰԼİְл͡ӽĳԿҲݸ
ţ춼ˣʢģϻֵͦģҸȣһ
л͡Ȼͽܻؼң·ϼţȷһһ˵˹л͡ڵȺƵʱӺӾ󿴣Сųĵƺ̺ͳˮ𾢶
ǵǰԼ϶ûаӾϰߣʱùˣ¶ҲǮ¶ں
ܺ
ԭ򣬵Ҳ˹ϵûȥǿʱֺܴܣôôôأͼЩʲôʲôԵĿģ̤ʵЩ
ô˵䣬Ǿţû˵ôôϲһǰĶ࣬л͡ԼΪǰڶڻ֮һҲԼܳΪΨһ
ţ͵طˡ
ԵСıԽܺټĺӡΪСҵһʵѣЦеطˡ
ھ¥¥¸𣬽Ըол͡ûʱôˣҪЧҲͦˣŻȥϸ塣
л͡᲻á
˵ֺЦģ᲻ãԽ̽˵ټûпΪԶһ
ϧ⣬Ůģܷǵûᵽл͡˼Ϊָֻ˴ǰǸ߰ӣ˼ϲŭ޳˵ټ㬵תˡ
ɻûء
ֻ
ܡ
Щͣдԣ˻תȥһ
ôˣл͡
л͡۽˫ЩȻطڴ࣬ҲЩ죺
ҡҿȥ𣿡
ܵɴ۾е˼顣
˵ģҪеĪˣһϣҿԾ
ûӦл͡Ҳ͵ķӦ⻰Ĳ֮Ŀʢֻڳѣ
ʵҼҵԿŪˣƵסߣûطȥ
ģ߯׾ˡ
ܲܣסһ˯ɳԵģԲŵ㡣
֤ĻܵţϾл͡ûҪôΪʲôͻȻסңҲö֪С˶ԴҲǺ¶һ׮ܶ׽Ļᣬûˣ´л͡ӳȱȱůһˡ
գ۾ӭл͡Դı飬˵ͷ
ǡðɣסһ
Ȼﰵ仰Сˡ
л͡¥ȥһ·˶û˵л͡촽΢΢ţﻹйǵЦ⡣
ǰĲЦֶǲװͷϲûװ׵ЦµȴԶ׼
վſڣ˿ڴһŰԿͳŤͷл͡һۣԷҲһ޺ؿ
֪ôղŻģͻȻеˣˡ
ѹĺ˼룬ԺȽݡ
л͡ϰܴһ£ͦģһŮסĵط̨˼ֲ۳˼еķζԼ̫ԵĴԼϴҺ֮ζ
ûпյЩȣڳͿ̨ͨţֻҪ򿪣÷绹ԡ
л͡ȣֻøˡ
ܰϵʣһӦˣŽתȥл͡ôë̺
ҼûпͷֻίһҶ̨Ҫ糿Ǻġ
л͡ߣͬ
л͡Ŀջܹ˳ģ˵á
һҲû˳л͡еɻ󣬾߹ȥƣͼܰŰǿͷ̽е˼ĵ
л͡룬̫ˣǰ׷Թڿ˯һͷ󺹣ͷҪɢˡ
⣬˯ҵĴٴ̣пյ˯İЩ
л͡˫ӶŽܿ˺һҲûʲôɻ
㣬㲻ôǲʶôЩѡ
һ⻰Ц
ҿ϶°ҺڶˣȻס̹øβǡ
л͡ջĿ⣬Ի˻ѹͷ룬ȻһԸ⣬
Ůӣ˯˯ϰɡ
˵ݶˣסңܵͷӦã벻ףŴ;Ƶ겻סСݣͼʲô
Ǯ˵뷨֡
ܰѴ̺ãȥˮ¶ȵЩŸȣ΢θЩ洫
л͡ϴɣһҪ壬ϴϴһëһ
л͡ڵһ´ɳվЩŤԱߵĹȻһûװİɫë
ܱűʼǱҳСĵطŵϣл͡Ѿõëˣûж˵
ʱҲСסһԵëЬǸ׼ģҿЬӦôϡ
ͷһЦ
ֻίŽԡˣ
ȥɣϽϴϽϢҼҿɲҹġ
˵꣬ٿлֿ͡ëȻһȥңҲϴ裬Ǹʱĺܣͬڵ̬ȿһһ¡
ⲻЩССĺڣôʱĮ˵ء
˵ʲôֲ֪οڣ˼ֵգëȥԡң߻ûʣѾԡҴˮ
֮⣬һҾס
л͡վԡͷ£ĭָо̫ˣⱲͷһŮ˼ȻëһԵģԡ¶ڻڽܵζϮմȾ
о˵

 26 

л͡СǾ䣬˵Ҳҹֻ򵥿ٵسϴһ£Ͳ·ȥˡ
ذϺܸɾ棬Ųᣬߵʱ򣬽棬ϻ֣û
л͡ڷԼĸԺ󣬾ǲԾŸֻȥܣϲ֣ûзֵʱ򣬿רעĳ£᲻Ծҧ´ʱС°ָͣû
ʶסСϰߣԼѿڶ˵ĸϲãȫǳڱ֡
֪ԼԴǣǰɵԸôӭϱˣԸ⻨˼ȥסڽܵһУԺһĻԽ߾ܵġ
׿Ľ治̸л֪͡ԼѾ׳٣ֻȽǾ̤ʵİģ׿˵ڵϲ򰮣ȫĸӹ
ܡ
л͡һַſսǵǽڣһߵػԷͷ̧øЩ߹Ļܸо඼ڷ
ϴˣȥϴɡ
˵ˣҲŽȥԡҵʱͬһ˲
վѵԺԱߵλ塢֮Ķߵл͡ʱŵϵԡ¶ζˮϢСеˡ
л͡ȥϢɣú˯һĵ¶ͲҪˡ
ϰߣֶ찲οһ䣬л͡Ӧһ۳СԡҵıӰ߶Ӱڶ
תңܸ̺˵ģһۣûвȥֽɽϵˮգŴȥ
һ磬һȰڴϣ¾м䡣
϶ɫĴ̲ɫӣζϤģȥԼסǽڱ
ԼеˣЩΪĿлۣ͡ԡҴˮᡣ
ãˮͣл͡ѱã´Լĵϣһǳɣڽŵǰһ룬л͡ոװۡ
΢΢һģܵˣſڴϿ˿ֱӿ˻ֻ
лܶ͡ණ뿪ڸ˵˵һʱ֮䲻֪Ӻ˵
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л͡˯𣿡
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ͷ͸սл͡۾ôҲ
˺þãҲû˯ţʱʱһ
ܡ
õᣬܷܿ˸˶˴˵
˯ţ˵˵𣿡
ҪʲôѾ˯Ҳ
ð
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ֶһ£꣬л͡ɵþԼոɹģļͲɿƵһ¡
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̸ֻԼʵҲ֪øʲôҲϲ˵ӣֻ˵Լ
ñ˵׷㡪
͵Ķһ˲ҲӦ⻰Щףл͡ûʲôӦҲ˵ûջأֻӲͷƤ
ţֳٳٲͬ⣬һŻᣬϲûֽˣҾֽվſڣ㰮ҡ
СغٺЦл͡ĻֱȾҲǻţЦ
ֻǾٸӣٳЩûˣԵùҹ˵оУûоԵֱǰˡ
л͡һֱܰϸߣ˵꣬Žӻ
ܣôôЩпֹ龫ֵ뷨ģ˼
飬࿴ٳʳ˯
شǵ٩˵ԼЦˣСЩˣЦԺûٳл͡ͷ컨׵¹⣬ǳ೤ĺ
Լ˯ˡ
лֳ͡µı죬һ㲻Ĺ⣬ǰӣյܴǰ
ʵģִŵأſá
ﾲĵģֻÿ͵
ΪʲôǼأ˵ϲҾô𣿡
޳ָ̽ȥظ˸ܵͷ
Ҫô찡ұ룬Һˡ
ûлӦ
лֲ͡ſڽܵĴͷ֮ңۡ

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Ƶأûл͡ȥĶˣҲʰˣؾصذǶӴ˯»ˡ
ΪˣŹǷͷɢţл͡ǶϰһˮСࡣ
ⱲӶûôٶȣѸײڶ֮Ƶس嵽ȥ
̫ˣͲÿǵҲûˡ
Сһ߶ﰧţһ߶Թͷϴ
ʰ˳ȥе㣬˼ۿл͡˼أǸʳ˼̻ĺÿӣϵ緹һûӾء
֪ϲʲôÿ˵꣬õǼҡ
ֻ˵һΣǼǵ˵ջ˵ζʱֻһ˵ˣΪû⡣
ӦһȥʱͷЩ΢΢Ĳ
˶û˵лܺ͡ʳﻹ⣬ӰĳԼġ
Сʱл͡ЩʧֲԾղŵ¶
Ƚѵ磬ʰ׵ͳȥ緹ˣģղλҳܶණĲ̫һҲٸʲô鷳
Ѿֵͦˣлֻ͡Ŷӣ۽ܿһԼͽǰкԱ߰غࡣ
л͡ô⣬ֻƳһۣǸλ̨̫ˣιһ磬ϵ飬Լʲôʽ۵ģ紵л͡һ۾Ϳҳд֡
ѡ
ֻǾϤܲӹԱݸͣ͵
ǽʲôѵģСͬУͬϵ񿴲̫СȻ£С͹ˡ
˾ѣ
ŤͷȥվԶۿǸһҲûĶˣǰôῴأ
ڵĺȻһɨ⣬Ȼ˵Ųⲻ⣬ʵﻹǽ黳ǰЩ֪Ҳˣôѵģô겻ɢԩ·խ
л͡ͷ𣬺ȥʺһ£ҧгݵľͷȥԼûû֡
ļ˿졣
ĩˣﻹ˯ŵλҲˣֻ䣬Ȼˡ

 27 

԰緹˼䣬л͡ٳûҪ뿪˼վûһֱֻܸ˱ˡ
˿ͣĺõذʰˣƵȥͻߡ
㲻Щ΢磬ҲûôȣտһԤǶƣ콵˼ȣÿԳϼȥĸŮʿӦҲˡ
·˼ϴģƷͻױƷҲٲռطǱʼǱԺЩӰ˵ֻ壬ֽЩˡ
ֻЩرģŴСС¿̤˹֮·
ǰϰԸ÷Ϣһ£Ŀⴥл͡ûŵ˵¶˵Լþл͡Ӧöӡͦõˣ̫ſɲʲô£û׵ʲôӰ˵鶼Ҫ˵ԵúܰԼƵġ
û뵽л͡ͳһ÷һյϢϰԸһ죬Це˵ҪС¿Զˣл͡ģ˵ôڽܵһС
ĵذֻӿڴͳĻϲΪ˼ҸϢˣ㿪һʲôҲûУһͨʺʲôĶûС
̧ۿõʱ򣬺ƾͶЩơ
߶أ䲻̧Ƴл͡ЩûţҲ֪ǲֻþˣол͡ղſһۣĪغܲѺá
һʺţѰ˼ԼҲûүɣզְɱˣ
л͡Ҳʶĸϣٲ˼Ҳû취Сûĵ
ƺ˼л͡ͳƳֻʮλ࣬ˣûð취Ʋ棬
л͡ܣ˵ϼˣطûУ
Ϣȥû˻ظ
л͡·ϣĶʱ̶ֻأ¡˴һСʱ࣬ãսܵ·̺ٶȣһСʱ㹻ˣǱ߶ûء
ٹʮһüһȥϢԵøյֿЦ
л͡Ǹһͷңžһˡ
ľƱطŵϣײСЩ˶׷л͡ȥһ
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͡ôˣŸһֱڣûɫЩ
л͡øֻͣ§Ž޵ˣ޷ıƵġ
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л͡ͷذƲȥֱ֧۰˰̫Ѩ
ѻ˿л͡ģֿǰŵֻԼЩʲô
ʹ˸ɫ漴ڣ
͡磬ܵ裬иϰߣŮѧ߷żٻؼңһͨСʱ˵ٲ˵ģ
л͡˲̧һ٣
յǵȲģ裬ڰѵʱֻġ
ֻǲ²⣬ȷл͡ǲΪ¶۳л͡⻰˼һ£ɫԱȸղ˺ܶ࣬Ȼûʲô飬ܹû̫
֪Լ¶ˣȴ
͡磬ϲһˣûЩɣ㿴ܣͺ¸ҡ
ָǽһʼΪɫʱĴ󵨽ӽСӦϲл͡ģ˵⻰Ҳǳڹ
л͡΢΢ӣЩЩ治ϲŭ
ã֪ˡ
¶˵׵úܣСԸʵйؽܵĺܶ¶ϣѾǳѰˣߣҲǾ͸߰ˣֻԸű׷ֻǺӴĶˣʱƵӣﲻȷҪᶨƵİЩ翵
ָܲһľǻн֮
϶ˣжɣ̫࣬ҲԽࡣ
л͡ŲһھƣֿƲסԼֻĻ
ʵûȫвµģµԼεĴȴָ֮£Ըӡ

٣ܹñˡ
ĸȻҲ۳ŮóԺúȵźţСҲصҲˣϽӵ̸壬׬
Ҫǣл͡
ʱԱǰ˺ܶ࣬ʱ򻹻˵һ뵽ĻǱߵŵߵ˷ܡ
ʱ䣬òʹл͡ʲô˼ҲϣԼϲ˼Ҳ٣˲̫²ȥǸס
Ҳû취Ӹ棬ֻ˵Լ
СһУԼǹл͡ŮƵģǱֲң᲻á
ѸŶ
Ψһ¶òġ
Լȥķ֮һʱ򣬽ĸȥ̳С䣬ȴſѡ
ΪڳҲֵ̫ĸ׵ģֻЦǺǵػӦѵкĸ˵ͨͬѧ
Ҳװһµӣ˵μѧУ֯ѲݣõˣûôɣȻͬУͬѧ
﷭˺üۣ໰ֲܣֻܴҴҽ⣬קһԵ뿪ֳ
ڳ֮⣬һжá
ڼﴵյ׷磬أò⡣
תۼ䣬һת˲ţܸоԼûܹأһϾҪѧˡ
Сüͷаһ
ƣѧʱôûùô죿
Թ鱧ԹǵʰңĸͺӣǰһС¿ѧȥ
ѧԺСӿɱȼҪʹöˣγ̷࣬ҵɶѡܽп಻Ӷüλꡣ
æûŵӣ©ƫҹس˵С¶
ģһڳСʱ۹Σ˯ͷææܵҲٵ
ǰþ͸ˣ˵ĳգƻΣҾһѡޣѧУҲſԡһûпεϰߵģʹ˿ȥףѵա
˭֪ιλλŮڣ˵ҪȫݽϿεѧֻػһֻģûմ¿ٹ黹
ܱͲٵˣҵλԺҲûͰֻ˷ڿڴ
ģΪʦηʽʣͷĿ꣬Լ˯¿ΣѾĸСʱûпֻˡ
˽ңϽ򿪣һЩճϢ֮⡪
վڽѧ¥յԣĻֶһ٣˺ЩǶ
öϢ͵绰ʮл͡õļʮ˵ʮδ磬á
ѵǣóʲô¶ˣ
ЩԤУϽ˳΢ţļٵȥô绰
˺ܾò˽ӣǱߺЩңͷĸоԽԽʢ
ιܣ
Ӧ¿˰ɣпյĻһҽԺɣл͡쭳ʱײˡ

 28 

л͡ʵһʼûġ
ϢҲֻЩʣҲϰˣ˼б¶ˡ
ͬһרҵһģɻΪʲôȴûһ䡣
Ŷܰεģһ۹Ρ
Ҳĵڻشˣл͡ǸϸģڽܵĺȣҲվ
տʼ⼸֣ԵزʱûҲˡ
ΪϳҪףȤһ˾ȥ˳ϸ٣þûˣһ¡
л͡ԭȾ˵Ķ£һ仰Ҳ˵ӲǿҪƵ쭣ĳʵҲûʲô
ǧ򲻸ãһһȻʱ͵꣬ǸѵʱϣҲһۡ
ʶȥ룬ȻǹΣһǧ˵ĽңǲжļʻһϿΣ
ˣ̫죬һûƼĹ򣬵ʯ䣬ִ򻬣ֱײ˻ϡ
л͡ιȥ֮ǰǰŨ̹һͷȻǽܻûϢпѾǸɰһˡ

Ҳ֪˭ֻǾʹϮʧȥʶ

ܽϵܵҽԺø¥㷿ţ׾סԺҵл͡Ĳ
ſھ˺ЩˣӶЩװĵҵ羫ӢŹ߰ĶܱͷҲǣҲǡ
ۼ⣬ȥ
л͡סǸ߼Կܶ࣬˻϶˳ȥЩ˽ܻ졣
ڲǰл͡ӻûѣͷϲɴϵĺеˣԱ
ĶƣʱЩŵˣֶᷢ§ļο
£Ѿû¶ˣˣײͷȣҪһʱ䡭
Žߵ߶ȥ
չţлеԶһʱ֮زлҲϵϣǳȥˣҺͰȥ˴ˣʡĶ˲˵徻
á
̾˿ųȥˡЩˣҲ½½뿪˲
һӱðֻʣл͡ͽˡ
ܿǰŵĺˣĸ첲ϣŷǲסˣɴҲܿԼĺɫ/¶ƤϸϸܵĹκۣۡ
㲻ףôö˶˵Ūأ
üͷл͡ϵİױְҴҴǡ
ãһ͵̾
ҹĻ٣Ƴϣ
ҽ˺üȷϲѾΣգų˺ĵ໤һԷ
ߵңȥЩҲһȥյл͡תѡ
һǰĽܣӶ˺ܾãǰ˻Σϸأ
л͡
оôûر۵ģ
л͡ƣˣۣûлشܵ⣬˶ָͷʾЩ
̴չȥֻЩɻ
¶ʵشҡ
л͡Ѫ˿۾һͷ컨壬ڳܵͣɳơ
˽ܵӦͣл͡΢΢ּ
磬ϵʲôΣ
һ㶣ʲôǼʵģ
ۣѧŷչʷ
ΪʲôϢ
ڲϵʵƽΪ飬ԼҲ
סˣ֪ôͻȻĪӿЩ顣
Ҽǵã˵ģ¶СʱͻϢ
һǵã˵ʱ˭ֻϣϢǲܵġ
л͡ûʣ˵϶ĸоһ֮ģʱ˵Ĳ롣
л͡ˣƽ⼸Ϣ϶СԣΪʲô
л͡
Ȳ˵Ⱥú˺𡭡
˵
վŵּᶨشӱܡ
ֻͣ׷ףûк˲岻Ƿϲл͡
ʵ̫ˣʶֱۣҲܸоԼں˵һѣûһ˵ϡ
֪ԼôˣֻǸоۣܱһʼϲģǷչڣ˱һˣ׶ͼ
촽΢Եͷе㡣
εĽʱˣԼĹأֻǰ˯ͷżæŵģûüֻ
л͡Ǹҳŵ˵ԼȴûĹ
ղֺȻ뵽л͡᲻ΪԼûϢȻ֪ô˲Ż¹ʵİɣȻе˼Ҳûܰ¾ͻȻЩΡ
ϧˣôЩ˵ǣûһл͡ġ
˻ֹ
ǸѵǡûһϿ𣿡
л͡˵ѾЩ͵̧ۿɫѾ΢΢Щ䡣
ΪģʵǺܷʣ仹ʵôˣɫܺÿŹ֣Ϊл͡ϲЩȻƢ
ûУôĽ˭ϵ˭Լڽġ
ЩѰл͡˼ˣԼǷ˼;Ӧûһֻռһ
л͡أһֶţһԼ˲˵ɫֻй
±ݣӿϲһ߲ٿԴԡ
һʱҲ˺ܾã̽
л͡㵽˵ʲôΪʲôȻģҲ²ҡ
ûʲô˵ġ
Ҳ޻˵
ҲҪú˼һ£Լ׻ҪҪνʹĥ˵ĸˣͲô֣ѹ
ܱҭ˵лܾ͡ãһҲ˺ܶ࣬쳣ƽ
УȻ˵ҾͲվˣȥѯҽˣϾͻҪǲ˾Ͱ壬ҽչġ
һ£ˡ
úܼ򵥣Ȼ˵Ļֽ׶ǲ뿴İɣˣҲǷҪϴյԸ˲ûɻʱ䣬û׵öۡ
תû߼
ܡ
л͡԰촽þ֧ӣ˻

פ㣬΢΢ҧŤͷȥһǿ
бĴӣл͡һۣǾȻȥһ˿Ҳޡ
л͡Ųסˣصشӣɻᴲϵһ˲ȫĹǼܶҪɢѩ׵컨壬һڴڵش

 29 

ڽ֮ܿʣл͡ʵѾʼˡ
֪ǻһζ˳ӣǰʹƢڰԼ·ơ
ϧѾ˵ڣ϶޷ջˣֻȻȻıӰ˲Ѫӿ˷˹ѹͷʹѣʲôĻ벻
ֻʶƾűܣٻ
ȻûʲôãСˣͷҲصȻȻˡ
ķζըˣҲ޼¡
Һ޾飬֪ô졣лֽ͡ģһҲ룬ֻÿμЦеأػһ֡
ʲôս˰ɣ
´ټͲǰߴգûʲôټˡ
֪л͡ϢЩ˱ҲûʲôȴͻȻҵ
ίô붼ί
ģĺģȽӽģˣȴȻʱȥ
뵽л͡ӿ಻ʣĻΣԲӣ۾ϣӶǽܣְֺޡ
Ŀں۰л͡оԼԲⰮĿˡ
ǡ
лۣ͡컨壬ղŽĮͱ顣
Ƕʱˣʲô涼ûˣʶģȻԣôãֻҪ

ܵҵʱӾĵģʵҲֻǽ췢˲̫飬Ȼʲôò
⼸ͦæˣֳ˵ҲìܣѰɳϣصȥͷۡ
ܲϲָоǣԼ
ǰҲûƵһϲ׷׷ͷԭ򣬲Ƥϲ˰ɫúûҪѲɾΪϲָ飬Էܸһ
ԻҲûԹʲôϵĿ࣬ԸȽͨ͸
л͡⡣
ϲǰЩҪĶ࣬жӹɣһж
ʶ͵ȥȡֺưܵظŴ
л͡飬䱾ʼˣ˼䲻
Զ׼ģЩٲãӰ쵽ԼʱҲҪѧء
ĵѹһйл͡飬ȸһ£ʱ䣬黹ʣ¼֡
ֱӣһԼһˮһ꣬ҲȥǳˣҵҪɣǮ·ܶϡ
һߣûصֻл͡ţܲӰˡ
л̫͡õɫ˶ɵã֪Ųڵʱ򣬹Ʒʲô̫ĳ棬һۣҲûٶʡ
л͡˵ЩҽעģסԺһʱͺˡ
˵˽һɣҽҲ˵ˣˣû˵ͷЩƤˡ
򿪣ְл͡ĲЩȻͬӵݵ
ѽͱ̫࣬˵ʲôˡ
˵⻰ʲô˼Ķ֪л͡ƵģʲôҲû˵ֻغࡣ
ŤͷãһʱҲ֪˵ЩʲôȥοˣֻţŴϵĲ˳ꡣ
ҽû˵ҴŶܳԺ
л͡ͷС룬ζͻȻʵ
˼һ£
ҰɣҪ¶ʱ첲϶˼СĿӣ趼
л̧͡Ҳ֪ڿʲô඼ˣǶ
ﲻ֪̾˶Ҳһ취ûУǰ֪ҲóȻڡ
ֻܹҶغתл͡ע
תۼһܹȥˣѧУĴһѵݱҲӦڵƵʣʱôɢ
ͷһأŻ¿ȵȣæµֳʵĺôǣпȥЩ޹ؽҪķ¶
ʱܾòŻл͡һΣҲʶûкãǷӦ룺
ƨأ˼ûʲôҪˣϹҲûƨá
ûһܣ˶ûټ棬΢ҲûйһŵĽ
żǻϧȻԼҲʲϣҲá
̹Ȼˣл͡
л͡ڲ¼ͽܸĻ˰ٰʮ飬ֻҪ˵һ仰͸ͺãԺҲˡ
ף㶪ҲûϵǰûйҲûϵǰǣս
л͡ʱԼЦɣ͵ˣսһףȥǸԹܵдȡ
þǸģһһΣǸĻˣֱһһֵɾ
ƾʲô
ôôأôô飿˼ţӶҪըˡ
ò߹һڣһ˼ûУ͵͵ע˺ţÿճţʲôҲûƵ
л͡ݲָоܲܣһĵŲϲ£Լ˶¶˵óˣȻֲܣֻʹࡣ
סԺڵʱҽ˵ԳԺˣó׼һ³Ժл͡û˵ʲôֻѰĳ˵еС¶ҪԼȥ졣
֪ӦˣԺл͡ĳҽԺԺſ˷ֵ
л͡ȥԵС
ĩ֪һڼҡ
ڳųϿǵ¥㣬֪͸ȴ˾档
ô˵ǵǸǱףл͡˿ڡ
Լֻо˲ףڸֱԲ䣬̹̹ʵûмհǰ˺ԥͨ
ڳ˼Сʱһл߲͡סˣͳֻǸĵĺ롣
û˽ӡ
һ͹ˡ
ﰲοԼ˵ûϵģֻ˯ˣǵһݵϰߣҪ˯ҵġ
ԼҪţϸϸܵıӿ֮õϯ
л͡˳ȥС¥µı˼ơơ
سϣһ˺ȣ֪ǳʲôⶫȲ᲻ߡ
ɰڴһ
ܶණܶǰ¶һһȷϣθԼ
ֻֻ
лִ֪͡ӺζԵֶ˭˵϶ˣڱУ¶̫ħǾĶĶá
ڣѾܹˡ
ң͸ɡɡǵĲͩӰӰ´µش򵽳ϣл͡ϡ
ϰӰͷԺʱ򣬳˵Ļ
ǰ
ҪϲʲôǺӣ˱Ƕޡ
ԼģҪʲô

 30 

ûһ̣Լġ
һ£ûнܣô롣
ǰͷĿĵĻšвһɫʣ޿İˡ
л͡˲ӿڴһ̣Σ򴽣ַŻȥ
£˵Լɸɾء
лֻ͡ϵʱ仯ӣˣǽ˯ѵʱ䡣
ꡣ
۳ʱ䵽ˣл͡ԴЩأֲͨǸ룬һֱԶҶϣû˽ӣûϵ
ϤĽͨһ£Ȼ˼ĺ
ιá
Է˯ѣԺģܶûϸĻʾҪȻϲƺ
л͡ѹС˼Щԣֱѹĸ
ܣл͡
ǱȻסˣĬ˺һ
Ŷ㰡Ǹ˺𣿡
Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻڴ˵Щ޹ؽҪġ
ѾԺˣܣҸ绰Ǹġ
һ٣
֮ǰҲӦǸ̬ȣˣǸ
ûٿǸʵŵˣĶа⣬ɣ绰ͷл͡Ǹ۸ڶл͡˭ܵͷл͡ôأ
һʱ֮䣬֪Լò˵ԭ֡
Ȼ֪ͷϷŸոտʼ
ǸΣһҪ¶
л̧͡ͷǸڵ¥㣬ǾΥЦ⣬
ܣʣ㻹ϲ𣿡
ܺһͣ촽˶Ȼģ
֪ģϲ
Σһ¶ʲôƵģ
л͡ҳϣҵȷϲ㣬ʲôŵĻҡ
ûš
ǱֿʼĬ֮ʣһһ䣺
ΪҲϲ㡣
ϲô򵥣ˣ벻ˡ
סˣ֪ôݣ仰ʱĸоǼȵľӦԺΪԼΣȷˣͷӿĪȻ
Ϊ˵ģûСõл͡⣬һô߸ϵףΪῪĵġ
ʵǣͻȻȱʧһʲôûɵЩͣ
ͺ񡪡
Ҳûôϲˡ
ͻȻʶʵͷ⡱һ£Щã
л͡ڵŻӦûзӦ̽ŻŰĽܵ˼·
ܣ¥£ȥ㣬𣿡
л֣͡ŮԼϲ˸ףõ鲻ӦøΪʲôоܲǺܿĵӣңΪûеĻӦܾЩԤС
֪ܺطӦŬѹͷĸоЩĲɣ
ţãɣڼҡ
ôأҪú룬Ѳɣϲл͡𣿿һͷϲò˰
ҪݵĻͺǣԭ߸ϲȾ£߽࣬ʶϲ֮飬ɺ±ק·Ⱦϳûôϲˡ
Ϊϲ㣬ϲңҲˣϲҫۣôҫ۵Ҷǻʲô
ܹܲôˣͷͻȻԼ볣˲ͬ뷨ӣԼǿƲסԴл͡˵ϲԺȷоԼ䵭ʧơ
оЩϤǰҲ
˼ʱŵɳЬȥţл͡
ΪסԺЩ㲣Եסüۼ忡
ܡ
л͡˫۽ŽܣɫЩӣ顣
㣬Ӧһл͡ݣȫ̬ȶǺ飬лֵ͡ĸоңЩնң֪ôˡ
ǻԸԭ˵飿
л͡룬߽ܣֻпĽһ㣬΢ġ
Ҳ֪˵Щʲôֻ΢΢ͷ
л͡ɳϣӹܵòһڣôڡ
ܣǡʽһ˰ɣ
̧۽ʶ˶䣬Σص˵ͷ
л͡˶ϲеܶԺ󣬼޾飬޴룬ֻҪһۣ඼©
ԭܺϲһָоĻŭţǣøб鲼ȫ
ܿл͡￰ζӳ¡
֪ͻᷳô¶ղڵ绰ųŵ˵ϲתĹټл͡ȻûС¹ײĸоˡ
ǻѾ˵ȥˣл͡㲻һ޷ϣǰԲأͷңֻܺǿӦ
Ǹоƭ˵ģʿˮͻȻʶԡ
л͡ô˵ӣˣм򵥵ϲִͬࣻһǣܲðѵӡ
ܲоԼˡ

һ磬л͡ȥ˾ǰͽȥѧУһ¥ʱ̽ȥ֣ϾҲǵһΣŵúܡ
۳ŽȻϱвȻȴҲûпܣл͡һյĸЩ
ܳûѣֻȥˡ
ˣΣû뵽İ취Ҷ˵ݻ
z·̲Զл͡Ϊ˶ܴһ˳٣ôҲеطʱл͡ԸzУſͣ£³ȥݵĽܽ
ϸ߷ڣſ˳ӿģл͡ĳעĿܶ벻עⶼѣˣٿߵŮһ죬඼Ǵɻζġ
˵ܿѧŮ㣬էһ໹е̫ҲִҶķӦ
ܵȻҲˣãĴˣҲûɶ뷨תл͡˸𣬾ѧУߡ
л͡أվԭؿŽܵıӰһֱȵӰˣתȥš
һ̧ͷɫվԶ£ʧķ
лۣ͡漴˭ˡ
ɲԩ·խ֮ǰ˺ܾõģǰϲǸѡ
üһл͡ҧҧ޲øӿ۳
һŬѹķŸһ𣬲¶ˣ̧ٿǸѣл͡Լ̲ˡ
ô󣬴ûпĸô˳۹һ
л͡ĳƻȥ顱һӦ̧ţ󲽳߹ȥ
л͡Ҫ߰ͷټЩվǶѹ࣬΢΢̧ͷһĿ
л͡ǹһαļЦֵͬʱԴЩ⣺
ãͬѧɣҽлܵ͡ġ
ѡ
֣ҧֺ˵

 31 

һ˲üͷﶼǵؿл͡
л͡Ц֪Сûʲô˼Ÿ¶ף̾ͶסԼǵ뷨ˡ
׷ʱ㿴ϣ˼Ҷ㻹tm/
л͡ŴСĽûֻһϻװһҪЦԷ
ȻҲǳصģܳסһʼɫЩ죬̱ԭǸޱӣֻл͡
лá
ʲô¶𣿡
䣬ѸֳٰȥѰŤһߣһ࿴л͡һ۵ӡ
Աл͡͸ˣԽԾʮơ
ʵҲûʲô¶ǰ㣬Ҽˣʶһ¡
һ߸ϵӣȰǶװҲװᣬһʱᾹ֪λػ
л͡ҪľЧĺܣԴһ£ϸҲûʲôģֻǰʹˣתȥ
лҵôҲ˿һء
һǷңҲ£ӦûҼֵĸһЩɡ
л͡ȥӶ˶٣ת˵ʲô֪ʲôû
ʵ
⻰ʲô˼
һЦˣ֮ղţһ˲ʲôƵģϸ΢ı仯ûӹлۣ͡һ˲ͰŵԽһ
ԭ򣬻ǶζôģܺѴǰԨԴ
˰죬֪һΪǮ˼ҵĴү̸֮ǰһء
л͡˫˲ճȭӭԽԽ˵ÿһ֣űӣ
㵽ʲô˼
л͡ȣѾԵжˣֲ׿ڴЩӵֻ
Щ˵ܹ鲻̫ãûΣлҪǲһȥĿ
Ƴл͡һۣƣ
֪ʲôͶ֪ˡ

л͡ʵĺܲԸȥǸνĿҪǺһȥӦ
ֵ˵ЩĪĻסֻʱζԷڲ
лҾͿżɽɣ֪ĹҺܵ飬̫ʵԡ
Ű׳Ĵ˫ֽ棬ؿл͡ﲻˬ㣬⻰һںϲ¡
ĺ񣬱һһܣеҲˣ˵Ļﻰ⣬úǹϵжһ
С
Ҫ܇NɪãЩ֥öӵ¶Ѳɻˣ
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˽֪Ĺȥ𣿡
ѵͷźۼ̾һ
ʵǰʶˣϲ꣬Ҹڡ
϶֣֮ǰôϲң׷ңȫлġ
ҡҡͷЩԳζ
ǡ
ӭл͡ԽԽĿ⣬Цһּ
²֪ɣ֮ǰ֮ǰϲܶˣ㿴տأõ꣬صļҽ̣кܶܶ࣬
ǣһû̸
л͡ѾüͷԾԼЩ
˵ôɰ׷ôһζɹأ
Ѷһ٣̧ͷض
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
л͡Ѿӿˣ˵ÿһ仰Ԥ롣ڽܵĴǰʲôҲ֪ѣ˵ϲȴеΪԸ㣣³л͡һޱȾֲԸŵĲ룬Ժ֮
Ե֪𣿡
ʲôԵ
Ӧ˵ϾȻϡ棬֢״˻٣ǰҲһЦ
ֻǾ÷̣ҵڶԸţִͥӲԱ벻ͨΪʲô
˵ﶼʹ⡣
л͡ˣ˶Ѿסȫ֣һ˲䣬֮ǰеǶ˽ͣΪʲôϲԺǵģʧ
Ҳ˵ܱ׵ʱѾˣǳʲôӦһ𣬻ǿҲǳڱģ޴ӵ֪ˡ
л͡Ȼ;ã춼ˡ˵ֹ̣̣ԼЦС뱲ӵһζģŪˣأʲôԸȥԷȴʲôʱ
ֱ絶ʣһǰûԹĿ࣬ѵһȫǰİŮ͡
ԭҲеİ鶼۵ģϸ룬ͷᣬԭĺһý֣˵ʲôǿջ
ѿⷴӦԤϣҲȣǰĿȣЩʧ
ҿ㣬ͺ񿴼ǰң˸ַӣסϲ°Ƶ̫ԶȻûеõһý
ҴǰΪֻǶ飬֪ʵ顣
ûġ
ֹͣ裬𿧷һĺܿ࣬޶ǰǶ޼յİ
ѵԽԽͣĿҪ壺
ϲʶ˵۵Ĳֵһᡣ
㰮㰮ıһҪ
ˡ

л͡ڳʻ̻ңлۣ͡
ʢĵ⵽Ѿҵĵزϱҫůڵģ͸Ȳ˰֡
ϣǸпƭĲ룬ԼǸӣ̯ƣߣɵǷֱҲֵ塣
л͡ǱͷԣҲûҪְ϶һζˣֻ̫ˣôҲ벻飬ȻгһջԼϡ
źһ죿Ͼʱ򻹹δ˵Ļ˼
л͡˿ڰٶԵֻ˵ǴĿġ
ǲǸңڻûȫأԸ
ĵ̫ˣһ¶ֲˣԽԽֱᷳ֡
ֻܲԼ⡣
ղ˵Ļ
˵Щûƻǵ˼ֵزˣﶼвʣҲʲôϣˣûôңҾԼӦû
л֪㣬ҲֿϣҸ˵Ҫôʵ˭ãҪôȥû뿪֮ǰκˣ˭á
лִ̺͡һ̵ٳûеȼ
ܳ
һ䣬Դԡ˵һеʱǱʶӿĵһͷǷŭѹǿֻţ֪Լˣ˶ȫ֧ˡ
ѻû˵ѾʼǴβˡ
εúβ˵ƲлԼ

 32 

ܷѧʱл͡͵ѧУſˡ
ЦһŽܣСţ
ǿ޳ˣ죬ȥѽ
еΣʵЩĪĿɬл͡ҲĲղѧУΪôֵĺ鶼ûˡ
òˣǰôϲģȴһҲ᲻Щᷳڡ
л͡ۼ⣬翴˵Ӱˣ˳ӭӽܵ׼ȴһƼɫǿװЦһԸġ
л͡Ҳܣòһｨ裬ȴһʲô߶˲壬һһĿ۵ĲС
֪ǵòˣɻǿƲסԼ˼룬һʱ֮Ҳ޷رת䣬¿ɬ΢΢ЦţΪܴ򿪳š
ܣʲôҴȥԺ𣿡
л͡ؼʻһšԿףһʵ
Ҳ֪ƮδشЩģ
Ҳ̫ķԼؼ
⵹ʵҲ뷨Եʣﲻһˣ䲻ϲл͡
л͡ԣת̵һ٣Ѿˡ
ܣһûˣԲ롭
ͣ»ͷֹ
òŵ
ǲŸһ𣬶ദ鲻Ǹã
ҪǲϲķˣȵѧˣóԵģڼԣòã
̽Ե֣ȥսܵģõ΢Ҳںֻţڴؿ
ܲ񣬻۸ƵģֻĲͷǿͬ⡣
л͡ȻһӸüأĵʢոӶĿϧѾˣΪЩ֪ܷ
ͷŤȥԸķ羰лֻ͡㬵زרĿ
Էĵط̫Զл͡ѡģһˣԸλõġ
ٷܶȱȱ֮һҹɫԭЦֵĽĬĬԣǴǰһл͡ŷûһ˵
л͡Լˣͷһ̸ߵ壬ʲô취˭Լ϶أֻΨһһƤӹ򲻴õģβ¶Ҳ֪ôڣܾͶģԼһ̯ƣ˾װװܵԶԶҲҪˡ
˶£һٷԵʳ֪ζģܱ˱ۣüζ뿪ڸл͡˵Ҫˣһ̧ͷЩͷֱĥɢ˺ܶ࣬û˿ڵ
֪Լл͡ĲͶΪǰЩԥģֻΪǲÿ
Ĳ˶ˣ֪ԼᲽǰĺ󳾣᳹л͡
ֺȻЩӵģл͡
㿴ϲҪ֪ԼİŮôԽܵĹ񱣬ҶԷͲϲԼˣֻӦҲ֪ô롣
ܾԼͦģ̫ܾ࣬˼ȥʲô˵鷢ӱܣԸԣôܿ˾ͳл͡
극л͡ͽܻؼңһ·˶ԣǲ뿪ڣл͡ھôίظβ¶
Ѿܲͷˣˣʱ
л͡ķζڷôܵˣܣԸѴ˵ϣֻһǸĹֲ
ܼ¥ˣȥ⿪ȫ֮еģԶһ£ʶΪл͡һ˲ɫ
ܺҲҲһӷӦɫܲȻأҲҿ
Ǹл͡ˣټ
л͡û˵ŤͷͿ˳ţĹͷл͡ͻȻƿţӺһѱס
ܹԵصЩŵζ֣̽ȥл͡ûɹЩʣ
л͡㣬ôˣ
л͡ͷ΢ȥڽܵļѣźۼ̾һ
ܣĺϲ㡣
⻰˵ĪͻȻ˶ףΪʲôȻǿ˵Լϲ
¡
ʲôˡ
۽л͡ʾɿת
֪ˣ֪ϲҡ
ȴٳٿ˿˵ҲϲʼЩθζõˣȥӦ黰
ֻܷ£Ӧˣȥл֪͡˫ƯӴ˿̾޹⣬ΪòһĻӦѹ
û˵ʲôָбİתͷҲصˡ
ͽл͡һվǶҲ֪ҲЩʲô
ʵڻãΪ֪Ǹ׼ܹƵġ
ϳʱл͡˸绰ԼȾƣһ֪Ծл͡ƽأ²㣬ƽʱһһöû
Щԣл͡˵һȼھƣһһбɳϣһԡ
ȥȿˣ
˵͡ʲô¶㵹˵˵нİ취ǣ
һûлӦһɸ֣
ҪΪǲŴɲأ㿴Сǹ˶ãǣǰò˵ѾһˣúöǸ
лۣ͡ȥЩɣһܣӳڵƹµ۾˲һ
ܡĺϲҺ룬Զһл͡Ըϡ
˵ţͷǳЦֻЦȴٴЩɬζ
Ҳ֪ʲôֻ˳˵
ǡСĶǺõģ˼СҲб£ʹ˻׷󣬲ܰ۸ڶĴү׵ôΡ
˭˵ġ
л͡еˣ˳ĵ٩
ϲŲΪ׷ĸţʲôˣָʲôˣ
л͡Ʊ࣬Ҫһ˵ĻίһˣҲʵе̫ˡ
ҰǰˣǱģ
Խ˵л͡ԽͣͻȻ֣Խܵǣʵ٣ͷβֻǿпޣ˶Ϊϲʵȶģҩɾȵ֣Ǳϲŭֵһͷƿڽ
һУСͷ˿Ը壬衣
ЩŵˣôҲû뵽л͡첻ȻѾݵôһӣֹΪֱǲ
ôǧ˰궼ûĵˣһ飬ôֲ
ⶫʵ¡
л͡ƿȥҲ˵Ǻͽʲôìܣֻ֪һ֪οҲ޴ֵֻ֣ܾܵıְƽʹ졣

 33 

е̫ãЩ磬ǿҪˣڿĵ̺ϣ泯̨ķ򷢴
÷ЩûԤݾ飬ԼҪ³Ȼ¶תˡ
ʵҪģĸӻûķҵģ˸ٻȥˣûС
֢ţֻˡֻܰһл͡ĵ绰üͷ͵͵ءһһֻԶԶӵɳϣҲˡ
ǸͷԽԽǿңѾʼʶȥ֯Դǣôˡ
ȥˣĸоƭˣȷеطֵԼл͡Զȥ˶ǲΡ
̧۾ܿԶֻĻˣʾյϢл͡
üۣ뿴ֱվңֻʣһֻɳϣʽ

л͡ǰʮδ磬δص΢Ϣ
ӣһ쿪ʼ㣬ڻһܣܿѾ֣ٴȥ绰ˣ֪ͷĸ
ˣл͡ĺлһѵ˽ףҪȻ޴룬һ취ûеĸż
ôǳ׼̣ܲһ׶ûС
л͡˳ͽܵ΢棬ת㿪һ˵ģѽܵģ֪һλҽҪǣҲӴԵˣ
л͡ǿԼʱǸҽĵ绰˹ȥ
ҪȰźһУܵĲǲˡ
绰л͡·ųԿ׳ȥ
һ·ϳʮӣл͡ǽҪ飬½װɵֱ֣ҪΪǿֻ˵ȻȻܸκõġ
ô˵ȻûΪԸٰ֣ѶԿ˷ֻԸ˵ʲôǿջ
˼ţѾطˣл͡ѳãӾվ˽ܼſڡ
һ·֣̽塣
㣬ŲԶл͡һһ
û̿ţֻȿʵ
ûеǲҴˣ
л͡Ͻػ
ܣҡ
Ǳ߶Ĭһſˡ
ΪǶԭл͡һӾͿܲȻɫԼ΢üͷ
ٿһٱ飬ﻹǻܡ
ܣҽȥ𣿡
˵ԼƽһЩڵദպǹ죬ô˵أЩҶ֪ˣһ㴰ֽûͱƣװʱ䳤Ҳۡ
ܴ˴ӣʾȥ
ûʰ⡣
л߽͡ȥؽܵĻ
Ȼ⣬ôӵ绰¶æ𣿡
Ьˣʳڵʱõÿ̧ͷȻһ٣
ţæӻû꣬ûôֻ
ţˣŸֵɣ󲻹ʮӣȨһԼΪŮѵ֡
ûнӴ罺˿ûУûֱۡ
źĻ䣬õĶֻڱǰ
л͡ߣڿɳϣŽܰӺɳ߰Ķȥæźۼض㿪ˡ
ҪҪҵգԵġ
ƽ͵˵Ҳ治ϲŭл͡ӿЩϲ⣬ͷӦˡ
Щ򵥵ļҳСˣڲϰڳһȦͷдЩ»Ƶĵƹ⣬л͡һȲΪԼǶޣûйֲҲûиҡ
ܰлܹ͡ϸĽʳ޲ģƽȻöԣʱҲȱȱӣһʱ֮䣬ֻʣײ΢
극Ժ󣬽ʰȥϴл͡Ҫæ
һүĶɵֻٸҵˤˣЪŰɡ
⵹ĻܿӾ֪ǸʮָմˮģĶ
лִ͡⣬޷ֻôȥԼԱ߶ţԱ׾ĭսʱʱתͷۡ
ܣҶѧģ˵ãһһҲί
л͡ͷȻ˿ڣ˵˼仰Īģȴһ˲л
ԸΣ˵ԶҳҲԸˢȥźȥԼŵԡ
һ˲䣬Լ̫ˣл͡Ƽ߽£ˣȥӽȥմȾڷһ׷Ѱȴ
һֱ߸ϵģαίԼ
ϧǸһЩԸл͡ԼҲԸίԼȥȫл͡
л͡
Ļͷȥ
л͡һ٣ʶʲôղŻ崺ü˲
ţôˣ
ûʵǲңϻˢϴ˶
ܱ˱ۣʱѾһƬ˪
˺ܾãǾһ𲻺ʡ
ԡְɡ
ת֮ǰ񿴼˫ۣԼﻹǶΣ
Բ𡣡
ԷûʲôӦ֪ܲǲںǿװ򶨣ѹֵȥˣֻ뿪
л͡߾仰еһα֣ǰЩŮԹ޵ΪΣ˱ӦⱨӦݾ۵ÿҪá
أ뿪ŵûתֻǼʰɾ
ȥ֮ǰɾϵˮ飬ȥѰܡ
ڿɳϻԼ֮ǰĺȻذ
ʵ˵ҲãԼȥβ£ܵøѡ
л͡ߣͣıʣҲչ͡
ܣܸҸΪʲôȻ֣
ȿ˿ڣм䶼Щʹ⣬˿һΣ벻ͨô򶨵˵ֵġ
ûʲôɣҪ˵Ļ䵭ˣ˶ѡ
ܴ˿̿Щͳ˵ϲˣ˵赭д
ǲһ밡ͷͬ⽻һĻһǵΪʲôȻ˵ûˣ
ʱ仹ûüĥһУ鶼Ѿ͸ˡ
ã֮䶼ֻޱߵĳĬ
ǲǵãǵڼ
л͡ͻȻֿʣһ£΢΢üͷһԡ
˵ʲôʲôڼ
л͡ؿҪ͸˫ȥ
ڼ㰮ϣȻѸٱˣӦҲǵãǵڼ˰ɣ
ܿԽԽ֣ڿһķӡ
л͡ں˵Щʲô
ûк˵Լ֪𣿡
ʶôһǿƵظ˵վȴǱʹèҪ룬
ϧл͡εץסֹȥͼǰδеĵͳ䣺
ȻԼ֪Ҿ˵ĸһЩ
̧ͷӭԽֵĿ⣺
˾񲡣Ե

 34 

޷һʲôоҲбʹ֮߳ŭĻǾ֣һǣþûز
㣬˵
ʶķȴ޵ҲԽԽС˫ʧ
Ϊǰ飬ԼͨԶȱһζĸĶ࣬ǿһЩֻš
ܷӦһֻȥл͡ģϧǵССֵĶܵеùл͡ˡ
ϵķӦ쳣侲קʹת˲ͽ
ܣȱţ˵
ʹԼһЩ˽ܵαڻĵĺףʹá
˵֪㲻ԸţҲԸš
л͡һ߶οһ߶ָḧͷϣܰ
ĵȷȷ־ϰʵǷϣҲǰƾ׸ı䡣
һ䣬ܺ˲أղŻھĶƽл͡һϲ֪ղŵĻѾá
ܣ£˵ϲ㣬Ұ㣬ĵģҲ㣬ǰ֪Ҳˣ֪ˡ
ͷȥһĶͷ
Ҵȥβңһа취
ܡκ𣿡
ܺȻ֮ͣͣղŵ棬ˡ
ɿЩܵԻҵı飬Щۣ
Ȼܡ
ǣ㲻Ҫִߣϸ룬ľϰԺԴ¶ϣԸ𣿡
˫ۣҪ͸ȥ
ܣ㲻ǶҸ䵭ˣֻ㻹Ǻܰҵģ㲻òҪҵģҪס
Ҫǿ˵ȴֺ˵ԼʹǱʶﰲЩ
°ĺܽ
֪һʱ֮ԽܣܣҲ뿪ҵĻᣬ㲻˵Ҿ͵Ĭϡ
Ҿʹȥƣ͵ʲôûзκˣǻҪúһģ𣿡
ڳĬһ֪ôָоʶķӦ񣬿ôãʱҲԸθ飬ϸ룬ֺεºܣ飿
һƬհףϢ̫˲оͷʹ
л͡ڵĻشʱ˿̣˵ģҲˣֻ˫ڣ
á

һֱЩһɫͲãûɵġ
л͡ȥ˵Ŵȥһҽƻ
˽˵ѯģⷽ澭飬һĲ
л͡һͷأҪôš
վ¥£ͷǸ¥ûɵؾﷸʶأܾҽĪ⡣
л͡ǣ֣һҲſֱǰԼõңܲżǸν֪ҽ
ԼʮͣºɫܺƵӣûôˣеĪĲ
ҽûһЩýʴӵ⣬л͡ڳ£ͬһл˼漰⣬һԻģûôִˣһ߿ˮ뷨
ɣûϵģʵܶ˶ٵĻһЩ
Ǹҽ˫ֽŷϣ̧ͷЦһƵӣ
Ϊ룬ĸ鱾׽ӶģԳۡ
һ֦ܳأ˵˼ˡ
һ񣬵ͷддʱʱ˵仰Ȼԭдĵط֡
Щԣתͷȥл͡л͡һĵ֣ʾο
һһСʱҽ˼Ǹտʼ²˶Ʋִʱ
ҪӱܣȥİˣܶʱʵпʤһУɵҩ
֮ǰҽζܡ
л͡ɫֻŽָܵЩ
ܴӣ֪ôоܸӣлֻ͡ǵˣĪ˵ģ˵ġ
Լǡж
ʵܶʱ벻׵ģл͡ôһˣıҪûУȫԷôϲŭ޳ƽƽŮˣȥһǧ򱶻Ůˡ
ûУǵûУ߾ܵһⱲӶҪϵӡ
ղǸҽ˵Ļ
ܶʱпʤһС
ǰʲôСֻ֪ϲ˾ȥ׷ÿÿҪı߽ˣȴĪ񣬲Ҫˡ
Գôʵûнܹʲôа顣
л͡˵ֵľϰڻ˵ҪԶһ
ųһĻɴ꣬ͻȻͷһᣬЩˣֺǲ̫
ھޱ߹¼ŵˮ֮С
һлü

࣬ܵľ״̬ʼЩ̫ˣƵʱ̫࣬ʱеѹʱҲʧߵļ
ҽ˵һʼܾƶģӦȻͺˡ
л͡۵ĲУÿĩӽȥʱܿЩ㲵ݺµࡣ
˵ҪȻҩҽĽòҪ
ֻǰھͷðҩĻα겻α˵ܻͿҩԣٺһ
ô죿
л͡üͷɳһĽܣеңʧߣ췸
취ߣǰһ˼ҺС˯õķӡ
л͡ŤͷܣɫĪ档
˻ϳҲ֪ʧЩʲôл͡չȥŪȫûʲôӦ
һִյĸЩͷӡһǳǳͷ
ŷӦ΢΢Щᷢ
ǶȣܿӲ΢ı
л͡㡭
ʣ־ͻأֹڵĹϵ£ȻЩ׽ûκɷҪֹġ
Ҿʱ䣬ҲԸоԼл͡ųԱ䵭һЩˣʱ򵥵ǻ˲Ȼ֣ʱ־޸С
ܺתһĹҪл͡Ҳǲ֪ôˣȻָл
Դʱ򶼻ǿѹʶᷳȥл͡׽
лֻ͡ǳֹ˼Ц⣬°ӣרĿ
ܼ¥µʱ򣬽ܵ˱𣬸³л͡ȴסڣһתͷͼЦ˵
ܣҰ㡣
һ

 35 

л͡еؿˣȻЩûк֮ǰװ׵ˡ
֪ʱĸֵõģ֮ܣǶ֪ģһһȫȫһϸİˡ
;úá
л͡ҽûһζΪϰųлȥı״
ܣĩȥԼɡ
ɿܵڣǹЦ̧ͷǹ⣬ÿúܣ
һôˣû˾Լ
˵޵ίʾﲻ֪ôͻȻлֻ͡Ͱҡβ͵Ĵ󹷡
ðɣȻ̫ǡһ˲ӿ뷨һɢȥĪеЦ
ʱЩЧҲǽܴĵл͡־˵ܾˣҧ´˵ͷ
á
л͡ΪеĥϾԴ䣬ǰûǰĻþ˵ǽƣദҲǸ⽩ӲʣΪԾܾء
Ҳ콵֮ϲˣл͡ϵЦԽԽ󣬳续üۣǰĽܻʵڵġ
տذôЦ˭ܵס
תл͡˸
л͡ˣȥ·עⰲȫ
л͡ĿıӰӦһ
á
Զ̫ˣл͡ͻȻʲôƵģͷͳֻ޳ָĻô򣬲룬һѣ
Ʋ˯ѹô⣿
˾ѹʧЧ

ĺ棬һһϸģҸоķ˳ڱ¼
æ˺һл͡оˣЩһ£ǸҽѯһĿ
ûõظлֻ͡·Żؿڴ̧ͷŽܵķѾ˵ƣůɫġ
л͡˵̤ʵô˵ֻҪ;δڣлϲ

˵Լᣬû뵽л͡ȥֳ
ſ˳ĶºһҼڣл͡ȥܸһɰķ
ȥӦûϲֳ滹ˮ԰еʩһ飬Ҫϡ
ܽӹһڣл͡Ա׾ظǸòϣͦóԵģֳҲͦϲġ
ǰҲûֳ̫ˣҲˣǰѹˣײ
ĳл͡ǻ˼ģϾԸ񣬵ȷȽϲѻֵĵط
Ŷӵȵʱ̫ˣվǶл͡ںҲҿ̫ʣֻżֽһ졣
һܳˣһЩڻˣͣл͡ˣ
Ϊлһһҽ˵ˣ㲻̫ܳģ̼θϲǸ˯á
Ҳǹû취ҲܰѺúõı˰Ӽתѱл͡
ԡ
л͡һ˲΢΢üͷҲ˵ϲʳģģһǴ֮ͥ£л͡ǰҲ
ǽܿأıܣԴЩϣؿ˷ѣҪԣȻҪֶӲ
л͡ţֽӹȥ
ɫȻģڽܴڴĿУͷҧһڣڻҺմһȦ̺ӣл͡˲䱻һء
Ŵջûס͡һЦ˳
л͡ɫ˲ͺˡ
ֲ̧˲ǣЦôģȻúҲôΪˣһʱ䣬Ѿܾûǰô޼ɵЦˣˣǰҲǺܻѵŮӡ
һμΪ龫ֵǹɿɰűֻһֱΪǸϰڵûǰĿ֡
һο϶ˣԼֳǶԵġ
ֻҪܿģá
л͡˶죬Ѻڿеıȥǿ΢΢ĲʸУǸܳˡ
ҲֵƱˣл͡˫˷ݵȫƱΧˣŮӣôÿˣٿܵʱ֪Ľ
ӭЩĽ򼵶ʵĿ⣬ȴȫǷл͡ԶʱԻӣԼǵһôûҲֻˡ
תӣл͡ĵطͷǳǳ̾˿
ԵһϰĵҪԸҳڰʾſЧ
仰˵ҪĵȥŽһ룬Ҫһֱų
ǸҽôģҲŬسˣô˵أЧ϶еģʱʱʱԼܸоתˣǹһ죬ֻܾᷴ
л̫͡ã￪ʼθУָĥ񾭣ҹ˾ʱϲ̫࣬Żʧߡ
˼룬ȴס̧ͷһл͡
һֻƱһֻ״ƲסûʶطԺԸол͡ĸˣЦˣյĸ
߰ɣʲôʹ죬ܣ㲻ңֻԼľͺá
΢΢ͷְߵ鷢õֿ
ʱһֱѻģұƵ̫ˣѹҲѹ
ܣĺϲ㣬úöģŬһ£𣿡
֣ûٴҲʱ䳤ˣֲ췴Ӧ
ܱͣ΢΢ͷл͡Ͳ̫ܿüıˣСأ
á
л͡޷һ˲ĸоԼ˻رֻ˳ĽΪԼΣһǰΪǸ֣ʱʹһжڳõķչԤڣָǰϲģȻ˳µؽӣл͡ԼԲ
л͡û˵ʲôʾ⽪һȥ
߰ɣء
ȷǼͻЦдżĹԱڷַ򣬸˽С˲üЦ򰮲֡
ԼŮӲʲôͣǶһŮĵģܸл͡˵
СѶֻһֻܹԱǸС㣬㳤úÿԸֻ
Ŀ˼򵥣л͡еĵİ취ˡ
ɽ͹л͡ͽһȥģ֮ǽԼл͡վһԵţİС
һתľʹڴľãл͡ʵܲǸڴоԼˣЩģһΣܣ̼ĲС
ǽһֱ˷ܣܾöûил͡˵ô໰ˣȻûôȫĵҲĶЦǾ㡣

 36 

緹ֳһԵģԺȥʣµʩһ飬Ҳˡ
Ķ᲻ӣϳˣ߱ڻл͡ĶеЦ
ͽܻؼҵ·ϣлͦ͡ãǿ˿ڣ
ܣи¶һ¡
û̧ͷŪʶػ
ţ˵ɡ
л͡˫ַŷתźۼһ
šǹʧ¶ҽ˵ðҩЩһİ취Լӻ⡣룬ҪһסԿϵЩ˯ߵķûá
Ťͷȥܣ΢һζ
ҲҽҲûİ취ˣҪǸһ£ԸԸ⡣
䣬ܵעٷŵˣҲ̧ͷȥл͡
˼ǣͬӣ
ԡ
΢΢üͷӲԸ
ǣһû׼Ҳϰߡ
л͡Цһ֪ڵʲô
ģһסҲôģֻǾһʧ̫ʹ࣬Ѱ˼ߵİ취ܰ㡣
ܵȻҲ֪л͡ˣҪǲϰߣԼСסĺúöģͻȻȥ˯Ĵ˯ߣǻ˵ÿʧߵҹԼһ˹¼ҲֻܿţֶһôҲȲĸоļ尾
иߣ뻹иǣ
Ϊѣҧ´˰Ҳûȫİ취
л͡ᣬʵҲ˽ķӣ
ܣ㿴вУȥҼ˯˵߷ʵǲϰߣ취
ܣ㲻þΪѣԼǱʶ뷨С
л͡˺üʵҲûһ˽ܡ
ܳĬ˰Σл͡Ѿ֪뷨ˣڳһֻ֣ڰ
߰ɣȥҼңͲˣʧҲ㡣
أ˵죬ûпھܾ
л͡ûйֱӾʹŽܻԼˣϴȥǸӣܻǵشŵĵ̺
Ǵһʱһʱ뵱һʱ򣬲Ÿʶл͡Ǹ֮ģúܡ
ȴһƵģˮʱ򣬰һвã޷԰Ρ
ֲ˼Ҷ˵컯Ūˣǰ붼룬鶼ʵʵطˣʱ룬ǲԼϱϵõл͡
ҪԵϰҲл͡һθõİɣϾô㣬ֶ԰˺õ
ܻЬվؿڷһСߣӡӣԼӣŹӣл͡ɵɳϲ˯͵ףţʧܵӡ
û뵽һΣȥСˣȻл͡Ůѵġ
ǰͻȻ֣Լǰжϲл͡˼ҰΪʲôˣһ˼뿿һЩ
ܶ飬һʼעˣԵ˭˵Ҳл͡ҲûԼᰮ
л͡ӹ򣬰ǣ£һ衣
ǲһҼҵʱ򣬷¶
л͡ʣΪľٻһ飬Ȼ˵ܶµ⡣
ҽ˽¸л͡Ĺ˵ԭϣ¶һ⣬ǿҵǹϰʱԵԲʾͻԶʧЧ
ҲʧΪһõƷл͡һΪҲΪԿ᲻
л͡ԴӺͽһʱ䣬ѾܻʱʶزԹɫԺ׵أ˽ܱеʧ
֪ٻЩЧġ
ܣ˯ͷԣ
л͡΢΢Цζ
˲Ͷ㿪Щ졣
ͣͷɡ
ǰôû֣л͡ȻҲвʱ
ã˯ͷҲ㡣
͵ĻͷЩһֻš
۾գţָָָлָָ͡Լ
Ҫң˯һŴ
л͡ϾصͷһӦӣ
ȻˣȻô㣿
˲΢΢üͷС
㻹˯Ի˯ͷ
ȻǸ˯˯
ҵ˼㲻ϰ˯ҵңͷû˯Ӧò˯ҶҪŵġ
һ޹ؽͣ޺޵һåͻ۸·
л͡ͷЦˣͷӹóɾëЬ
ӳңһȻһԵëҿ᲻ã͸׼µġ
ܽӹȥڻɫļҾЬͬɫϵ˯ȹͦÿġ
ϴ裬Ϣɣ㻹ʲôʱ˯ء
⻰ʵͦģ֪ôл͡˵ͺζһ
תԡҡ
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л͡Լ࣬ʾȥ
ܻе˼ĥĥ߹ȥӭл͡µĿ⣬һξĵط
лֳ͡ͷôҲûǱ߶䣬ְֻѸղŵóм䡣
۾Ҹ㽲¡
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˵ģߵİ취ǲСӵģ
ŵı飬קűϣֻʣ첲¶档
ָߵ͹òˣ˵ˣСӣҪźŵСӡ
л͡黰Ѿ˵ĺˣƿԣе¶˼
㽲ɣʮа˾žûá
ƲƲ죬Ļۡ
л͡ôԣ͵Ĳˣͷϵ֣
ʮŷޡ
л͡ʵܺģдһĺĵܻţһ˿⣬ڣǰϳǻѧϴ˯⡣
ӣ泯л͡ԽԭԺЩ΢Խ࣬˼ʼ磬֫Ҳʼ
ͷļʪ뵳ϸˮֻ͵͵ź֮⣬ˡ
л͡ԼаСʱܺѾЩˣչȥŽܡ
޳Ĵ쵽ĺ󱳣ἫػĻ򸧣˼ҺСﻹţ
ԣ˯ɡ
ֻħһ㣬ܰΰѵģоˣ˳ëè⣬ʶҲԽԽѡ
л͡ʵˣ˯ֱܺ񳹵˯ˣǳȵĺͣĶա


 37 

л͡Ǳһѵģ˿ҲͬѹĽܣֹȥź󱳺С죬ֳ˯ȥˡ
л͡Ͻ´ЬشʵЩõģҲ֪˭ֽ˷ġ
ϿԺվЦӯӯˣȻþûĸףŮʿ
л͡ŵĻ˲ˣ˲ӣĸ׽ȥ
裬ôһؾˣ
л͡赹˱ˮʵ
ⷿӺһŻػ
ǰҽԺҺְ˵Ҫع˵ôˣҲҪϹġ
趼ôûˣôˣ
ƲƲ죬ղؿ˫һŮӴЬܾöӵıйѵǽݲؽˣ
ʶл͡ҵķ򣬵źҲûʲôתͷޱлֿ͡ʼ
ӡ
شչȥһ֪ʵӣ
㣬˵ʵſ˫ЬĸŮ޵ģ
ЦôٲȻһץл͡ѱ׳ʵݵӡ
л͡ˮĶһ٣תͷζ
֪𣿡
û뵽ôʹйˣʶͷ
Ȼ밡Ů£ĸĲģ˵춼һ۸ڶӣ¶ˡ
ȹӣŶȣŸ߹˲Գл͡һ¡
л͡ͷһЦѱӷŻϣ
裬ԿˣûǶ
л͡˵ţתͷҺ󷽣
ڿء
һվŵĹʵȻ޴棬ŵĲл͡˶˶һ
ĸĸͷ
߹ȥקл͡òˣ
㻹վȥ
л͡ĸ׵֣ƵأγĶԱȡ
ҪȥҲԣ˯أ˯
˲ȻһҶ㡱ĻЦѾȲδϱˡ
ĸŽŲߵͷſڣл͡ƿţһ۾ƼڴϵСͷɢԺ󣬰ԲǼ⶯һ£˯㣬ϲˡ
΢΢죬˺һתԱߵл͡͵ĿҪ
С˯ˣźù԰ɰ
˵ˣŤȥ϶Ц⣬ܸˡ
һֱͦźԼûһŮϣл͡հȵҸŮ̸һŮһȥԴԼĶϱϧȴһֱԸ񿴶ôģС￴һʮϲģȻĻŭš
𴦿˿ƼС¶ڱϣӵǸӣ˲ףֻŮڶλͬһ㣬лҺ½Ҳ˵ˡ
ǣԽԽϲ
ʵҲаݼڵسɷ֣˵ģҲЩһƯòʲôҲأֻԷûװ׵ؾͺãο˽ԼĶӣĹҲʺ˳ľͺܲ
߻Ϊּ˳Ǩӵֹⲻ֪˵ĵλرϥĽɫл͡
İˣŶӵֻص
ʲôְ
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Сˣ˸ˣ˸ϱֵ˸ҡ
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Ὢܻں˯Ķÿĸ¸öˡ
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л͡չȥ⶯䣬ᵽ˽ϵ㣬϶е㡣
ҲŲ
պһ˰Сʱ˯ˣܹ۾תѡ
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㣬ѽ
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л͡ǰӣ
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һ£û簲𣿡
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Ϊʲô˵ѶУûУ
˿ûҪŹܵ˼ڲĵʣܿڰգҲǣҲǡ
л͡
ܺ߳һ䣬л͡Ѱ˼е߳ŭζˣüһ붺ˡ
ȥ֣ʳָ˵ߵա
ѡҪôһ£ȻȥԺóԵģ
Ҫôһ£ȻȥԺóԵġ
䣬˲üţҲû˼ֻЩΡ
л͡ǰǲʳ˼̻ĸȥĶˣòǱ˽ͷ˰ɣ
л͡Լסֻ֣͵͵Цˡ
ûĸԼİŮʱܲɽ˵ҾָǶѣ˭˵캦ˣ
ѡѡ
Ҫףҿɲֻ֤
һ˲˴ǰĺܶ൭ĮвʱӦԽ֮⡣
ǺֵģûҲû񣬿л͡ԽԽﾹȻССһ˿¶
ٿл͡ȻҲ϶񼸸ǰΪϰȲˣԽһڵ׽
ǣٽ̼һ¹Ƴɹ˵̽һĵߣ
ܺȻ֣л͡ȻǰЩ룬⾫ӻʹǰһް
׹ףʵеﻢµ˼л͡ĵģһֱҲǸ취
˵л͡ŰϹȵĻлˣʵҲЩģŽܻûȫٽ֦ʱһʱĶͣ˵ȥˣֻܷҲܿһ¡
ͬл͡ã޷ţչȥһ¡
˵ףʵһ¶ѣֻл͡ʱ΢΢죬ûƵġ

 38 

Ժͺлͬ͡ˣͬΣǣѣҪԭʧߣʱػܺ˯һ
ܽƵʱԽԽܸоԼǰɫֿʼѿˡ
л͡һ𣬶Է춥ôÿһǰȥʱػҪչԼĸòһ¡
˭ס
˵л͡ٲǰŲˣ黰㣬û¾Ѱ˼߶һһܣеı˭ɧſھʱ񣬻һͷ˼ʮĶǡ
úͳ˵л͡ڽǰһǰһԴˡ
һû˵ʲôȴȻǰýа͡ȾƵʱ˵Ļ
ѾˣҵøɸɾأȥҼܣҲˣչ˲ңϻҪ˯
˵⻰ʱǱɽˣʵͲл͡ǶȰȸû꣬죬֣ܡ
ڳϰ࣬ڼܣ㶼֪жùæҵġ
һһظԹԹ˳ԴͲһ˵ܲں
۳ţл֪͡ʲôʱʼջеĻƢǣư٣ֻ
ʵ벻̫ͨģҲమл͡һȣ֪ԼرȲл͡ħ̶ȵġ
תͷܣۺʱģ;е⡣
˵ĵУԸԼں˼룬ÿÿ˵ദģʽʶȥԽܵӣԺл͡ǸĴһел֪ܹ͡Ժû
Щ̣˼룬ûл͡ǰһ֡
ֻԸúöģл͡û˽ܻᷢ衣
Ƴ̽еµʱл͡Žңҽ͹ʱˣһϲɫл͡뽪£һű
ְǸȻǺ͸ûصģܲԣˡ
ҽҸоѾõĲˡ
ѱݻȥŤͷл͡һۣż
ʱûˣҲų⣬͸ʱľ仯ܴ󡣡
ҽӹ˵ͷ
ţϲ𣿡
ҽֻѯһ䣬ȴһ˲л͡ضҲڵش
ŵأ˵ͷСأ
ţеġ
Ǹҽ˲Цˣ
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С㣬Ĳȷת˺ܶ࣬ѾûмƵıҪˣܹһˡ
ϲλ
˲üЦתͷл͡ʱʶץ֣
л͡ûУ˵Һˣ
л͡˳ƽס֣ﶼЦ⣺
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룬ȥڣ˽ܵģʱûаҲûкôʹ࣬һۣ;ر
עأл͡ǰѧȴԵֶ֣
ЩЩ°Ҳվߵ˾Ͳл͡
ȴˣ;鷳ˣҲһжһõġ
ֻһǸ棬;ͷҪըˡ
ãһֱҲֻ
л͡ӲܣЩĥѣҲÿֻ࣬Ҫһֱߣʲôֵã
վˣǰģеΨһ⡣
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ںôãҪȥԻš
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ᣬëȥһᣬסʧȥ˽ࡣ
ܣĺð㡣
ܵͣЩ΢Ĵԣһأ
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л͡ȥ§°͸ڽܵļ˲䣬
ͷһΣл͡Сһ˵ԣһлһף
ô㣬ҲҪңҶôã㲻ԼϰͲҪˣ㲻ûģܹӲţܹҡ
˼ɣ
ʧЦҲȥл͡ĺ󱳴һ˲ջġ
֪Ҷŵġ
Сģл͡ʵǲģܻУǿܰɣԺˡ
лֽ͡ϳǳȥףЩӸǶЩԾΪ˳л͡׽Щ֪Ľ˶ûл͡ˡ
Ҳ֪æʲôײβģȾܾһҲûлүˡ
˭룬ˣȻһ
һ죬ϸһƣ٣ǸС
˶۹۱Ǳǹĵʹɫ˼ԼµĿ׼СȷǸݽɫл͡㵽ˡ
ΪԼԵ˴ϣȴõ٩˼л֪͡
׵һл͡һѾˣл͡ǰȦ˶õġһ䡱Ҫǣ
͡ǰҽҶѿˣ˵̾ƣҪڳʱҪɸɾġ
˵⻰ʱأ˶һǡʣզΣڶаѹƭɱû
Ҳͦȵģû뵽л͡ôûȻǴˣҿĵӣඡ
ԭһҲᶯ飬Ҳһֻ㾡һжãʲôں
ЩСүǣҲдŮģеĲ֪ǰеһ֪ȫƾ²⣬һܵĽʣϸҲ֪ԼĶˣôˣԼͰʹȥһ£˼ҵãеĺöˣ˻֣Ҳû˶á
Ҫô˵˱ˣˡ
л͡ߣл͡ûкȶپƣͳǼ˵仰ͻͷͽ˵䣬ҲûţѺι
ó𣿺óԵĻȻȥһؼҳԡ
л͡˵ĻرǻῴſžƬʧ
á
ҲһɽѹţԵøȡ
濰ͻȻҰ
˵͡Сⶼ˰ɣ
Ʊһڣ״Ʋʵ
ҲϴСˣСҲϱҵˣ߶𣿡
תͷԱ߹˵ãڇNɪҲҫ
黹ĺãǰɡ

 39 

⻰˵ʱл͡һԲ͵ߣ䣬л͡뵽ʲôƵģ΢΢һ¡
Ҳֻһ˲ӦιܳǸѣӣǸƵӡ
ҲܻûҵأҲŶʮ࣬ʲôüġ
˵ĺȴƵƵǱ߿ȥ˼Ҫֺ̬Ĳֻ̫ʶ˹ȥ
ʵûʲôģǾû磬оֻ˵ʵ̫ңԶˣתͷһãٿͳлָ͡оҲûôңԶ
ֻ⻰г˵еţһûû飬ǣ˼ţԼҪһил͡
һӰǽ飬̸ô򵥣ص
ûףǱʶﲻ֪ôǲԸġ
лܷ͡Ļң򶨵һˣ˵ģɵģҲû˵ûнĴ㡣
ڸΧʵл͡Ҳܣ̫˽⽪ˣ֪ӱ飬ԷӦһʱͿȥӦܣϣܴ߱￴һԻڴ͸ˡ
ûУл͡һ˲仹Ʋסʧӿͷ˵ԼᣬʵķǣֻŮĶǿ
ҪԸĻԶһķޣһֽǣײøٳ
ǲǺܺ벻ͨΪʲôԸ⡣
ɽһ㿴ϲܰˣֺֻϣл͡ʱݣһͷǣţ߸ߵķƲһûţûˡ
˵ʵûаȫС
֪ܲл͡ôˣղŻԸоͦõģȻ֮͵ͷҿһƣһ
ܸоˣҲԼԼܲ³ΪԼͬʹӡ
ѧûҵôҲõѧҵɣȶʱ̸°ɣ
ƽл͡дҷ緶˼ܵôͿأΪûб̬˵飬Щˣ
̨ܵ˼ά߼ʲôл͡ǰ֮֮УԽںԽױһʱƿأûǡ
ҧ´ʲôҲû˵Թתͷ˵ЩСüĻȥˣл͡ʹƢһƳһ˼ҸûˣԸĵء
߯ûˣ߯ûˣ
Ҳϸ뵽˭벻˭չ˯ģл͡ǱǸá
л͡ѡͷ
ܡ
Īһ˿繵ζ
תͷл͡˲΢΢üͷ
ҺˣչЩòãҿ㡭
û䣬úͳ˲񿴹һл֪͡˵˵Ҫʲô
ˣ
еŰɵģѰ˼ǰͦܺȵ
ţƺ󾢶Ҳû뵽Ǻþûȣˡ
л͡ĲأſںߣĶʲôư˵ƺ󾢶Ѿ߰˷ˣ˵þûԲž½ɵþǶʱʲôҲˣΧһתӣһͿ
ǡðɡ
ȥЩл͡ļ˾˳ƿϣ̲֪㣬ץŽ֣ܵʮָۣŰݡ
˿һĻ˼죬л͡ڴһ
л͡𣿲Ǳʲôȸл͡ӵճ˹
л͡ǰȦǳģ߰˭ϣмƯŮͶͱѰ˼Ż˳ۣҲ˼ģñӹ֬׷ۣЩνǰŮǣлָ͡׸Ƕûͱ˦ˡ
ڡ
תˣнܵĹͨı£ǲö֪ˣٿǳ費ӣǶл͡ˣֹˣŮծģһƻеĥ
ƾ¶ȥŰҵʱл͡أڳԷʱһ졣
ҪȰ˫ĸһ棿
װʣܼ˵ˣϲĴģȥ˳ʦѧģΪýܵϲѾڷϳֺüˡ
˵Ҳһôˣȶġûûҵ̫ˣߵ˼ǣżȶҲС
л͡ûʲôرı飬ȴϣ
䣬ܵĿӾͶסˣķȥ̧ͷл͡
ңǸ
֧֧أл͡Ҳˣ¿ӣͿ۽޺ţ΢е飺
һûҰ裬̸ˡ

һʮ꣬һ̸Ǹﱨˡ
⵹ʵϾҼҽϽĸ겻ģл͡һѣҲûüᡣ
л͡ʾ⣬ֵ֪ܴӣûиҲ
Ǿ˵£Ҫ˵ģڡ
ղŸһΪôˣԭû˵л͡־Լ̫Уʲô룬ϰ߿ɲ̫ãøĸġ
Ŷá
ܴӦػˬ죬л͡԰Щ
Ϊ¶Ҳôȥˣл͡ţܾĬ£ȴ
ìܳԶߣʮ·ѮǴҳ¼Ѿȥ˺ü£л͡ͽڼ￴ӰӺ汧ɳϣӰƬ˹ʶ֪ٵమ
󣬿ӰƬ˽Ǹͷл͡͵ֻ˻λˣ
ܡ
£ôˣ
εصһĴ𰸣ɽȴǣҶǳأת˻⡣
л͡ʱֻĺһˮݺݵȥͷš
֪Լ˵ʲôⳡһֱڱλãĸԸԼڹ֮Բľάϵθ顣
˵дֻǺ£ֻûãû׼ѣϾֻǸѧŶʮͷͣдףֻһԼĵıϡ
л͡죬ֹջʲôҲû˵ֻǰͷܵļѴ¡
ѹ£ǰãԼʱЩĪĺΣյ뷨ǿȽԶڼɣҲȥŭҲţ˼£һ˲ǱʶܶС
ԣǿС
ʧķˣܵϰκˣȴʼ˼롣
ȻǸͷת˲ţȴĵѿԼʱΪѧҵͻû취ʱͻĪŰ
תڰҧгݵأŬѹЩ

 40 

л͡ûһڶ߽ˣԭٰܵģ˫ĸһļƻҲʱˡ
ᣬЩΣһ
Ҳ˶ģΪ̫ԥ˵ףûôᶨذԼл͡Ը乤ԭǾڲʡ
˳ֻҪԺԼԸ
л͡ʹǰûʲô쳣ģֻżϸʱϲԱߣʵҲܰûдŵܶƳ۹ȥʧ񷢴Ҳ֪ڿ͸ڿ
ƽЩˣܷӦְԼģл͡жã۾ܿǶѣôܻ᲻ء
Ȼͬӣȴһֱûϵķϵл͡Ը񣬱ЩģټϽܴ˱Ƚæһֱûкʵ
ȵ꣬Ϧǰ죬л͡ĸǱ߳棬ߵļҳ˸档
ҳ̸Ҳµ˼²ã˿ߴͷһԲл͡ͻȻ֪ôȥֹˡ
Ҫ˵ˣл͡˽⣬һѹİɣԼȢŮѣȻϯʱûн˼˵ˣл͡ı顣
ֲ֪ʲôʹţ΢΢
ĸ
л͡ͻȻ֣أס˽ܵʾ£ԵؿҲʱſڣ
ܻûҵأѧҵˣȶʱ̸£ҲһصģԸ
л͡Цúǵ壬˵ĻҲȻСڶ˵ˣ˫ĸҲûʲôҪֵģźǡ
ֻл͡µһ˲䣬ԱߣʹŵϣղŹʮǿ΢Цȴջعޱ顣
ûܰغԼζӳ£֪л͡һرܣⳡȷ˽Ķ࣬ȴǴ˳һԸ⣬ȴǰ˼졣
˳ԷĵطҳֵŮʿ˽ܳϦǰһҪؼң˵ͺɷ뿪˾
תл͡վһɫз׷ϸܵѩ䵽ϣֻ۶գض
߽л͡޷أȴΪ޳βԵӷףͦ
е䣬ֹл͡ı顣
֪ΪΣȴ޽⣬ִԼ˱Զ˽ǲԸЭίԻл͡Ƭ̻䡣
Լд
л͡ʲôҲû˵ֻǰԼϵΧȡΧڽϣֽ⿪ѽڻ
䲻䣿쵽ұǶů͡
ͳôҲû뵽ôƽ͵غů֣²ɵһ
á
ɫˣѾЩ谵·ůƵ·ˣؿԽԽѩ
һл͡ͽܵͷϾѩЩ壬֪л͡ʲô˵ʲô
ѩ´ˣȥ
л͡ͷڽܵļѣϲúаȫУҽܿͱ飬Ҳ÷ȥʲô
ܡ
ػִŵصȴŻӦӦһ֮ĵط֪ôͷһᣬβͱЩ졣
ܣ
ĺףԼ
֪ģҰһжˣҪԶţҪ䡣
䲻
飬Ҫرһ룬ݡ
ܺЩˣطл͡Ϻ̫һı׽ģֻʶشӦղ˵Ļ
л͡ΪʲôԼʱ򣬵һٽۺˣԭΪϵа鶼۵ģʵǡˣǲԸ֡
лִ֣͡Ⱳ׼˽ܣײǽĵͷѪҲûзĵ
ֻĹ
л͡Ŷ߽ǳĺͷѩۡ
лҸ˽飬ǽһơ
˵Եʱڷɵģڵĺ֢Ӱûʧ
ǱʶﲻŮѡҲ׳Ƶİȫȱʧܾ뿪㡭
СǷµجΣҲֹһΣ
Ĳˣ˭ͣ
ϵˣЩӰĻ㲻ó֮ΪֹۣŴξܾӱܽ顣
ңδ֣ǰѧѧ
ûҲû
ƾʲôأƾʲôڲˣƾʲôܻرһİ
лۣ͡ǰѩ󣬺ȻĵЩ޵ĺ⡣
ܵ·ѾůȣСظŸղϯϱ̬˵ʱԭҲǴǰ˵ǣѧҵһģ
л͡ͷʹѣĪأͻȻЭˡ

°ѧڣԼ·ѮʱѾ˵ˡ
רҵӵ֪ͨ˵Ҫʼ׼ҵˡ
æòˣͷصҲˣ󲿷ʱ䶼ڻһȹġ
Ҳ͵һæʱ䣬ü϶ǡӲųУţһλãǺÿÿؼҵʱ򣬶ܿл͡һڷԵţڷȵϵķ˶͸ˡ
ͷЩΣл͡˵˲õԼȳԾͿԣл͡ЦЦû˵ʲôֻ˵ļ˾°ʱҲˣ°ȥzؼҡ
ܱʶܾΪǸһˣ;ɲĻڶŪЧģǿ˿л͡Щʧۣһͬˡ
֪Ϊʲô⼸ؼңܾл͡еֵֹģҲ˵һЩΪ̫
رϲһУʱĥӲݵģιԷϴͷЩҲˣǿΪ¼Ȥɣϣ˯ҹŪѣԺأܸоҧĶ䣬Ӧл͡Ժʶȥֹֹͣˣȴȵıյ˴
һʼûж룬ֻлֻ̫͡ؼҵЩ쳣ΪΪʽܣΪΪദʱ̣Ծ;Լܵشһȡġ
Ըʵ͵ģټϺл͡鲢ǳôãܵؾͻӰݣģᾡ㡣
£లµֹ¡
Ժ󣬽ܵıҵѾɵò࣬ЧҲͦģͺл͡Լãһȥٻ̳˺ܶˣҪһٴףһ¡

 41 

л͡ʱЦеӦˣ˵¿˾ȥ
˵绰л͡İװģǾƿĶŽ˳䣻ʲôһ˲ʧ
ȻеȣѾ˿˿磬л͡·ϣţķֻȣô춼ѹסŰ
zſڣԼΪ¿εĵˣſ˻ͦ࣬лͣ͡λſЩԶʤڳۣһͿˡ
ѧʿӦǸո˱ҵգɫ糺죬ﻹһ
л͡ɫۿɼڽ߹ڣһֱض
ʵֻͨİõǶѣʮа˾ž͵ģ󰮣ӦҲӣл͡ʶ˼ǿҵĲá
߹л͡ӹĻѧʿñ״Ʋһ䣺
ͦƯİĶģ
΢΢ЦţڽܸûĲԾ
ŶϵȽǰֻǾһ£ҵ͸ÿŮһҵ
֪˭͵ģÿŮУȥңѾҵλˡ
ԼҲ˼ˣּ˺䣬˼ǽҪʲôˡ
л͡ЦЦת˪ֿ˺䣬ѻӽȥһ۶ٿ
ϳԺл͡Ѱȫϣһ¡
ܺܲӣתͷЦЦ
л͡Ҫʲô˰
л͡ŷ̵ֶһ£Ŀбӵؿǰ·
ϲԵľͺã챾Ϊ˸ףġ
˵ᣬܿųдɫϦȻо̫ˡ
л͡ô㵽ϵѣҳ˳Ժȶһ飬ֱǧŮĽ
ЦеأʱػŤͷл͡ļ䣬л͡ҲһأĵػӦ
ڰٻ̳˲һСʱлͦ͡ණ˵ѧ˼²ˣпԡ
ЦӯӯӦźã˵ദΧгˡ
ӳгʱ컹ûڣ̫䵽һ룬Ȼɫƶ䡣
һ̲ǰߣл͡Ŷں棻۳Աߵţл͡վڽ£̧ͷ
˽ֻȥһ¸ĴҪ˶þͻֻͺá
ȻûӵĹ򣬽̲ܺ裬ӵͰ
л͡ЦţĹŵϣſ˫ۡ
Ůȹڷһ˽л͡Цͬһ㡣
л͡Żˣ˷ܵߴߴܸоƬ˲︴գֻһ˲ٴοݰܵ㡣
Ƭ̵Ļ䲢ܴʲôԽԽֻǸĿոһĿֻš
ܹˡ
л͡ڽܶߣһ𴵽
߰ɣûؼˡ
ɫֻ˫֣ڽܿĵطճȭ

쳣ʢл͡ʵǰҲǺܽģסԺ󣬲ϲӵ㹤ķŴԼ֣л͡ҪѧҪ壬æ͵еԾˣԼϲԵϷˡ
֪ôˣл͡ʱ򻹻𵱳ԼΪѧʱ˹ָûѳըˣڣѾܲˣʱķˣЩƵĴζҪЩ
˵һʵ󲿷ֶл͡ԼģܳҲǴ֣ڳͿȥģʱʱƻгɿιл͡ڡ
ĵӻܴ̻л͡Ϊһͥգ԰Щ
һʼҪģǺͽһҶѣѵͼһ֤ͼǰġ
ǵòֻ辶ΪԼȡл͡һõı㶼õˡ
ţ
ܣˡ
ˣϽߵ߶ܹȥѷ϶ˣʲôĶŪˣͼл͡һƿƣ˸һ
ӰǶµõģζϲóˡ
˵ڲ󾢶ʵȻȤŷҪȣл͡һ˳ģ˵һ֣ȻҪپ͸ˡ
ܺ˼ھƣоζӣѵúһأл͡񻰸Ķ࣬Ǳҵһʯͷأл͡߶߶˵˺ö໰
л͡ȴȫ̶侲ӦͽܵĻǸвʢԼƽܺõˣֻûڡ
Ͽ飬˭뵽һƬȴڹŶԷʱ䡣
ԼСƿ¶ǣܲˣ泱죬Ƥţ㵸أʼ
л͡ôø첲֧°͸ֱϣһ۲ؿŽܺ֡
ʵϲ޷ͷҵӣʶ֮ûиûв¼ɵģҲǿϲɵĿɰӡ
֣ںһͯ
ܣ
ͣ˶ܹ˳ģŲ΢΢ģ˵ϵл͡
ĺûȹӶͰ͵ŪһҲصرק⴦û˿С
лܵ͡γˮΪ˳ʱҲµӡ
ԼϣԼϣѹķһڡ
ܣ𣿡
л֪͡ʣոã޶˻úܶ֡
΢΢۾ҡͷ
ûСûк
л͡Цһ
Ӳɰ
ЦЦţл͡˰Ž΢΢ŵĴɫӣһÿ
Ҳ֪òóԡ
л͡չȥĴ˱ŵľ㣬ǵʶظ첲̧סл͡ĲӣҲҧ˻ȥ
л͡һ˲ϾǰǱû׽ʱ
һʱ֮䣬֮ռ£ټϾƾĻӷͳĶеģ͸ȡ
˺һ罺ŷֿл͡͵͵شţͷԼŵĽܣ˵С
ϵֻ㿪ҵ¼ȻַŻصϣ
л͡ͷ˽ܵһڣ°ͣʹ̧ͷ
ܣ㰮𣿡
ֻĻǸƬ״ı־תţʾ¼
ҰҰ죬أ
ˡ
˼˵ƺԣл͡ǰǲŵģеԸˡ
ǡԸ˽𣿡
⻰ʳѾ΢еˡ
û뵽ǡ
Ը⣬ҵȻԸ˽

ɷϣһ˲л͡ӿϵǿϲ侲һ룬꼻һֵ⣬Ҳ֪Լʲôɸ˵ġ
ָ֣ѽޱߵ鷢õͳִЩԹ
ܣΪʲôֻʱŻ޹˼ɵ˵أΪʲôƽҪķǣΪʲôԶܲİ
֪֪Ϊˡ

 42 

л͡ԼѾˣƲסԼ
ԽǺͽദʱ䳤Խָ̰оʱʱĿֻţӣгһգ˵ҪͲҪֻ½ʱ޶Ҳطޡ
ʲô취
Ȱţ˼ҲԼһٽֻͬȶ顣
л͡ȥҲǲòȥƣֻҪܴӦ飬еʹ඼ӭжˡ
գΪĿģʲôӶϣ˭˵ֶأֻԼӦģԼӦõġ
ƮϣǾͼѷݸڻﲻͺˣ
ܣҡ
л͡΢΢ͷ˲־Ľܣ۾ȴմ
ҵģҵġ
Ѿ͵ʲôõĶһ˲ջ¶ģѻ
ᣬǱʲôıһһߵң
ҹӵߵĵطڣҲҪ׳Ϊһ˵ġ
л͡ѽܷŵϣüۣокܶӵĶΪҪе˷ܵ΢΢ɺ졣
ԣʲôõģҲѵʱ򹲸ɽԽԽʹ࣬ĳ룬ֻеظоġ
̬İ⣬ݻеǺᣬոһգ긴һ꣬ķ
ܣ¡
ӣһӣŵˣΪƾûʶ˯ˣ˻Ӧл͡ȴδֹͣ
ϵķޣҪһģǰûŮˣֻ㡭
֣޳ָɲͷ΢΢һ˿ʮĹ졣
໥ģõңҲõ㣬ⱲǶֻб˴ˣҰţˣ˵
˵꣬лۣ͡һ
ȹǿŦۣΪǵһΣлָ͡ⶼЩ΢
Ϣʼ΢أϴ˸ȥ
һһ̨ͨҹ£͹֣
ǽһҸü
ֻϸŴϢƼʱޱޡ

һ磬ܱһˣѵĹ̲ҲͰˣѹԺĿǾ㤡
л͡ߣӵɵúͭһһӿ뷨Ȼûôۡ
ΪжۣҲе΢ʶѡ
֪л͡ϴˣ΢Ĩ˵ҩûôܵġ
ܿǰл͡ӣĺܳףûѣһһ
ƣѪˣҲ̫ɶ˰ɣ
ƺ/飬гһվȻᷢԼϣǡ
ﵹңԷл͡Ůϵ飬֮⣬ȴҲ֮УϾл͡ƽʱͱֵôòҲ˵
Īе鰡
ڴëëһӿӿţ΢л͡ԶһٿôԼСҪˡ
ȴĶǰл͡Ūˣ˶ɵۣͿñӰԼʵʵֻʣһС¶棬˵أ۾С¹һ
л͡΢΢üͷоԼЩ⣬ҪҲȷҲǵһΣȻ˼伫֡
ôԶ
ûʲôһ󣬵ʵѾţ˵ļƻ
ܱ죬һζ䣺
ҿӾ磬º峿Ҫˣåġ
Һߡ
þûôؿˣֻǸʶʱŻȥС¹һ峺ʱȫǻϲ
л͡ûһ̣ԼıֱȷޱȣиоѾȫȫԼ˭Ҳߵ֡
/ͷʱеĿ飬һ˲Ƭ̵ģȴ񫣬
֧ӣչȥЩۼֿطȴǱ˹л͡Ӻαס

͵͵ؾͼϧͽ޹
л͡Цüˣᴵòϵĳ죬˲ӵ
л͡ÿɰĽĶһ£Ͱ͵ġ
л͡§Žܵ󲱾Ƶġ
ܣûﲻ
ûеĻ̸̸òã
¿ˮԼҲеŵģ
̸̸ʲô
ǶˣѵӦڳƺһʵĽչ𣿡
˵Ϲ
˵ˣ飬еӣΪŮ֮䷢˹ϵľ϶ʹǰ̫һģ˵飬ȻͷʼĲǲãվл͡ĽǶȥ⡣
ȷѾ˺ܶˣȻδζͬɣҲиɻ˵ͨһ£л͡ǿʵﻹǲԸһ¶
ʱЩɻģ˼ҵ£඼Ůż飬ûзƻҪһġ
֪ôͻȻЩЦ
Ϊʲôô鰡㣬˻ʧȥɣͲԺ𣿡
л͡ʵֽ˽֪ôȴܾƻл
ȻһԸ⣬Ҳڣʲô㣬ܣҪɣԼڵģŶ԰ɣ
ʵĺһʱ֪ȥˡ
ҡУ
ȻûУΪʲôһֱܽ飬Ĳãﹻδɷı׼
л͡ƣٲȻһҪ̸£µӡ
飬Ҳռģɲ֪ôôһ˵˸ΣʼŮһǰί־䣬֧֧Ļ˵ˡ
л͡ȴȻһһ˲жȥȫļһ㣬ʾ
ܣҺòãҲΪòã̬ȣܣܾһ̾ͻңǶమ£Ȼһ
Խ˵棬Խͣ
ʱĻɣ˵ϲңǲġ
װ
ʵл͡һҲװʾͬԸ⣬СǿƹˣǸӲһףҪֱӹʲôֶζĿҳɹʸߣҪ飬еǸǿӲֶòͷ
˭л͡ԵģĶ࣬ǵĶ࣬Ϊǵ΢ĿܣԸһλᣬʾҲûʲô˵ģֻҪܴӦȻԴϲ˭ల¡
ִ⣬Ǵ˺ǲºӣʲôҪĲſԡ
ܳĬһԼΪл͡ĻܵˣҲͰأĻӦ

 43 

˺ܶ࣬ʶתš
ʵǶĻл͡˵ã鶼һô㣬ǸձҵͽˣҲ˿ӰקĺȰ
ѵӱˣ
ˣһԭᶨƵ뷨ʼҡǸָɾͿʼӿˣһл͡ЩԽãԼͦԲл͡ġ
ô飬ôΪ˺ö࣬ͷ˵ԼĵĻûС
λ˼һµĻܶණˡ
л͡ڱôһԲԼЩˣ§ҡһ£
ܣû𣿡
ʧȥˣλͬ⣬õԼϣҲҪͬ⡣
ѵüزл͡ĵҪģٺȥˡ
л͡˺ģֹȥŽܵ°ֱͣԼ
ҡ
ܣһΣҪҪ飿
ûתȥֻŤŲӣеŤ˵л͡ãͶˡ
ˣִӱžһĵл֣ࣺ͡
˵˵ﶯֶŵģ
˵⻰ʱʵѾ˿֪Ϊʲô֮ռãƲסأ붺л͡䡣
л͡ӣеЦζ
ֶʲôܣҪĥĥ㶯Ųţ
üһвûˣå
ܹŲӣһ飬Эӣ
бԣҡ
û˵꣬л͡ѾȥʹЩҧǶס죬޷˵ʲôĻ
ȵл͡׹ˣԸŹܵʱСձͨ죬ڴˡ
Ӳ˵ʱͦӲôȥô
л͡ЩϷʵЦԽĽ

ԣҾ
ֱ׳ˣ˵䣬л͡Ƴۣܲĺӡʲôһ´չȥ
һԾۼֵֿס
𡪡Ǻú˵𣬺ú˵
ˣˡ
л͡ǱȽ˳ģһڣֹ̾ͣ˶һ˫ؿڴ
Ū
áˣҴӦˡ

л͡һ˲û뵽ôʹӦˣӦ̾ͱϯĿϲû
ѽܵӷתرס
˵ˣӦˣɲڡ
ܣҺø˰ģҡ
ܿжˣôܵóԸܲ𣿶״ˡ
л͡ԵЩȻﻹ̾ôôͰԼиȥأҺ񷴻Ҳˡ
ЦʵҲûҪڵ˼ȻҲл͡ȻûôǷϲ˵ģô˷ܣȻҲˡ
ҲҪӦһ¡
л͡סתͷ
ʲô£˵
εأЩ㣬ĩˣ
šҲûʲô֤ԣǻܲܵҹȶٰ죿
ҾǾã׼鷳ţҪпյʱ׼ڸձҵΪ˹æͷתʱȥ׼ͷ˲ס
⻰Ҳеҽܼ˵ûбܾĿˡ
л͡ȴ̴ٵһһҲˡ
һʲôǻ
л͡˲䣬غܣ
ҪæҿȫģȻлû漰רҵĹҲ԰㣬ԲõģȻٰҲġ
ҵĺܣֻܴӦҽ飬ҾѾĵҪˣ֪֪
˵꣬չȥϲԶ׼
һ̹ˣʱ;л͡ĺûᣬιϵУܶʱذ˳ֻǡôȡԼҪģȫǿȴҲһζԼ뷨Ӳʩ
л͡һֱ벻ףΪʲôôϲҰ
첲Ĳӣ۾ֱӵʱȫ
ô֪Ҿϲ£ֻϲˣǰ
СûĵģҰ㰮Ŀ췢ˣҲܲ
޺޵˵ڣĺף䲻͵İԼ
ұһ£𴲳緹ˣԺ󣬹ԹԵ׼֤¶
ʲôֲ
۰Ǵ绰˵һҪһ¡
ƲƲ죬ֲ裬еĻͦ˳ڡ

·Ѿеˣõϣżһ΢硣
ڸݣͷ羰任ʵﻹ΢еġ
֤裬룬͵Ǽǣܿģأˣ뷴ڣҲûлͷ·ˡ
л͡ר־ؿųƳܿ⣬ų겻ָͷΪֺˣʶ˵Щ
ܳһֻͳС죺
˭ˣҲûзڣҾ벻ףΪɶ裬ҪҼҵĻڱǶ
л͡͡һЦ⻰Щص
ȻΪϿң֪㲻ףҲ֪ҳҪУԾǰˣԷ㶶飬ʲôʱڡ
ܶǣﶼںǺǡ
Ůʿǹ˽ģüһ·ȫˣ޶ˣ
ǾȥĸհɣȻȥ֣ܿģϾ͵øĿڽϹ
ܷ۶ת⣬ܾ
ŲҪҾҪл͡ҾͲ⡣
л͡ЦЦ鼫õԵʣҲøƽС¶ˣշеǻĿڡ
£ֻĻŭţǰеĲ¼ɺͲͳͳ׵⣬һһֻţϾȢˣõҩܽ⿪һĽᡣ
ҲǣߵڲףҲͦģǻûʧγûиϵѹҲʱױǰˮ֮С
֮ҡ
ܽǸƵգŶ֤׼ǻ٣ܾ͹ԹԵغл͡һһߵţڼˣл͡òͻȣͶ˸Ŀ⡣
ҪĹϣҲһԱϾһô㣬˵۹ִɫܲŲҲΪԡл͡ƫͳﱻ߻ˣЩ˵񣬾;ǿ϶Ľϵˣл͡ĸ첲ȥקͷ˵Ļ
л͡Ǹ龫ֵСģѿɰصػ˵ЩеûãϲҲ˵Щġ
ܿģֵˣǼǵĹԱֿǼǵʱЦŸܿ䣺
Сø
ǵСʱֵֻ֪úٺЦˡ

 44 

ǼǵĹЩл͡ĵģŽдʲôһ룬ԼⱲģŵģǽ¶ˡ
ӽֿʼл͡һֱεץŽ֣ܵδſֱɫĽ֤ԱصظϹµĸִл͡Ȼ͸оֵˣһӶֵˡ
ܿܲл͡СִһֱҲԼֻл͡ʧãŻ֪ǧĽǶô
֤ͬܺԼĻڱװһļܷ
˲񾭲һл͡
һûһء
˵ţҪȥᣬȴл͡ۼֿرܿ˸ա
ôҪĶȻҪģһððʧʧأ˻Ū˿ô죿
лֱ͡׳ϧڲģ𻵻ŪǾöԼﰲģ֤ⱲӾһ
Ҳǣȫպĳʲôʣʲôǲܵģл͡ȻһԸ룬һ߲ϲڸⷽ棬·Ѱ
ĶƵô࣬ļ˵ǣҲˣղдʱҲˣûʲôϡģѹºģתˣлͬ͡Ա˸лæϡ
Ĵųӣǳ˫ɶԵŮеˣһģеǺüԣһ۾Ǽ̷ֱԹż
л͡ɫһȻЩ
˵Ǳ˼ҵļ£ûҪϵģղŻ߸˵أЩ˵ǻҲ㲻ϣܹЩӦġ
֪뵽ʲôһסܵļһܲԵ̧ͷ
ôˣл͡
л͡ͷͷһ£ƽͣ
ûʲôǿģ뱧㡣
ЦЦ˼ˣԽԽˣҲû˵ʲôϾ̹ˡ
֣ͣڲԶתͷĹƳһȺˣֺġ
ҲǺ棬żǰ˴գл͡ȥȡһûƼĹ򣬽ѾյȺˡ
ӦһԷޣӦһԸķޣмʲôû̸ףִ
ΧһȺֵˣۼԽԽңĻ䲻ϸϸҲǰˡ
зˣ˸˽ӣԭҪ飬ˣзȴԸ֧Ůһ޹ͬƲҲܾԭĺѡ
ܵʱˣüͷǸͱˣųˣ˵ĻԽԽжֵ˼
ݺݵظһ⣬̽ôˣֿûʸֻܸվһߣֻܰͳֻǸ˵Ҷһ֣֤̾ҲǸĽһڶ
𽥰ȻüͷҲȴȻ˴ӺţקȺ
ͷһл͡üۼЩ
ôˣôˣҲҲˡ
л͡ղſųҲܵʱ򣬱ôã˼ôˣԵɨһΧûпſʼˣ³ϸϸĴڲȺ￴ǸϤӰ
л͡ΪЩĪʱøĲһķ紵ݶһģ²Żˡ
Ƕиеģ۸ǰޣ̫ˣҶ
ܶ˶ţָȺģ˵ˣΪͬΪŮԣǸôкǿĹĵġ
лָ͡ķ򿴹ȥ˲ȻˣһĮûʲôӦҲýܲͣٳʲô¶
Ļûü˵ڣֻǱߺȻССɧͬʱȥͼǸ˹ȻѾʼִԼǰˣּأԹ۵˵ǲ٣ȴûһǰȥȰһµġ
üһֻŭ˲嵽ǶüͷǱߣûһȴл͡ס
ܣȥ
˼ҵľף˲ͽȥֻԽŪԽңʱҪٵһô죿
ȻˣͿˣֱӱɡ
԰գл͡һһͳֻ˸绰ȥͨԺｻ͵ص㣬Ҷ˵绰
һǳɣܿãЩסˡ
ˣ򵥵¶ƽˣҲʲôҪ鷳
ЦЦʾͷ
ľٶȻͦģҼǵûĻ߰Ҿһ֣ⲻܽѾˡ
תȥͿĹ·ϣѾԶԶܿŵľˡ
Ҫӣܵ
˵ʵܻǵһΣл͡һ¶ǰӡǸĴүԸܻе轿ݣһˣͼ뾡ְ취ûζ
ˣл͡Ǻѧĸ߲һлϸ߲ϰ࣬أһ鷲˿Թġ
ỹڳ˼ģǱл͡Ѿͣĵط
ǽǴϲӣҪŵˣϳôףһ¡
ڸʻϣŪ˰ȫ˳һ£ûӦϳţƹͷԼλá
ܿ˿ղű׵գ֪ôȻĵЩˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôúÿʲôô˧
ղǸ٩ĹԱ룬Լͦиٺ١

ܵĺֻľŵӡ
ΪԹл͡˵ȥϴ裬鶼ƽûʲôֻЩ

㡣
å
ܣֻһ˵Ƕ˺òã
л͡һΣ΢΢󿿣ɳϣôһζĿڿһֻˣƢĳһ
Ȼ֤ܲʣܷ/ɱĺ/ޣΪɷڵΣҲå
л͡ҲǵΪɫԣҪǰͶˣֻǾͻȻһ֣˲泩ȿİ취Ҳֻϣеظܵİ
оǣ鵱죬¶л͡òϣԼʱȷ뵽˺ܲõĶΪܴӦʱѹȥЩֿʼ˿˿Ƶð
ͺ޵ԨԶʼֻһȻ飬˻Բ㣬˼룬һ˵ʲôˣʶøֻⷳ꣬۶ȫȫΧת
𵱳Ǹҽ˵ĻԼڼ˵ռǵûмԶƣ䷢չ׳
л͡ûз֣ǱʶѾΪսܵĵߣ֤İЭ飬˲ĿϲͱС
νıУ֪

 45 

ôܻ۶һأٰҲҪԼĿռ׷󣬻ԼĹҵ˻һӣֻţȷġ
л֪ܹ͡ôߵȵĽʲôȷۣƫҪԼΪİǿӸܣʹرԲİȻҪвƽ̶ҲɣѰա
˳ᱻ߳һ˵ķӣ˳ø졣
籾ͲǷǺڼףлֻ͡ýܲǴ΢΢һЦһ
һԼԾľ;еë
»ޱҪжҹģܣںʲô
ƽͣеĺ֣պ
ʼգڹ֪һ˾òжףҪʲô޴Ĵֻ̼Ҫջ۵Թ
֪Լ˸ʲôˣΪǵǸģһл͡ͺñڣΪֻǱʹ󻶣ʵͨһصķʽԼ̬ռ
ʲôҲ֪߹ȥл͡ϵЦԽԽ󣬱뻳һ˲л͡ΪǵǸңѶϡ
ڽܵ͵͵ؾУлֻ͡е¶Ըߵȷ磬Ϥĵ
ϹҲĲˡ
˲ͫ׷Ŵ󣬾ʱذſȻͽ͵ģűѡһϣʲô컶ˡ
еǺ˵´棬ٷ¡
ˮгЪ
һ˵ã

·ݽʢģѾȵĲУ̫ϣӲҪ˿
и˵õԣճ԰շϴͷл͡ϣڸͷ
Сķ磬л͡ͷ΢΢ЦţһһϸϸزŪŴɣѾ˯ˣ/΢΢ȡ
ܵͷǸʶʱѾ˲٣ں˳ģΪϴ㡣
л͡ʱŴţ־Ͳȥḧװ۵ģָкܺãҪˣҲͷһڡ
Ĳˣصյɢź˲һƬס
̧ͷ˿ǽϹŵӣѾˣ˯֮ǰģ
ʱһҪңиԣֵģرҪ
л͡Цⲻ١
ǼҽֵĹ˾л͡ҲжţȻлϲߣֻһĻý˾ʤҲϣδչ
ܶΣ˵ֹܽ
вҾǰʦ˵ǰѧѧ㣬дʮڶֵҪְ
Χ˾Ļᷢչǰ;ģͺ
л͡ʱ˵ûʲôԽ˼Խòζ
˾ǸģҲ˵˶ܺйͬˣйͬٳߵģСƾƨƨ߶شȥˣ϶ҪĽİɣ
˭ܱ֤Ľʱ䳤˻᲻ɰĽǽһʼҲ˵Ľ󻹲ǰ㵽ˣ
ߣ˵ʲôǰzУսܵĳɼ飬ɱΧĸǰٷ֮ʮϣϸƨǰüһл͡ѾԼΪһѵ龰ˡ
ʲôܵģͳĺģ˼Ǩ˵Ǽ¶л͡ʹмǿǰǱԽе»ǻֲ̿ľɰ
лܲ͡ˬȻֻһûʲôƾݣһͷûе£һ£ﲻ
ܵͷ̧ͷǽϵĹʱѾˡ
л͡˿ͷ˯ӣȻûһҪ˼
ԽϢʱ˽⣬û˽УӴԼ˯ʱƾȣҲϳˡ
л͡뷨ʵͦ񶾵ģҪͽĹĲģдʣ
ֲȥڼǸһĸҵʱ䣬Ѿˡ
л͡Լɣȵʮˣ۾΢΢ɳϣװԼҲ˯ˡ
ӱһѺ֡
һһţﰲˣ֪Ź˶ãܵжˡ
ȻѵģȻһ;òԾȻѵĻڼţ
͵Сл͡Ҳ͡ѡˣ˲Ͻϵֻ˵ԴһѾӽʮˡ
л͡
ܾһϽŲڵЬżæŵģ
ٵˣҪٵˡ
Ҳ˵ҽѵôҲ˯ˡ
ܿŸл͡˵Żܣ·̣ڳɢͷ
лֱ͡ӣͦеغ˿ڲ裬վߵſڣпſϣ
˼ܣҲǹģû뵽ԼȻҲ˯ˣ͸¶ɾˡ
л͡ͻȻ֣ԼѵıҲԽԽ¯ˣһǸ⣬ȴΪﵽĿء
û⿴л͡ȻҲ͸ȥΪˣҲĹ˵ԼҲûж壬ֻܹԼù
ǰл͡ûҪ˼ǲҸղԣˣҾ̫żˣû¶ҪĻͻȥ˯ɡ
ܻûֻһһžͷϴ˯˵·
ҵ´ȥͺá
һ䣬ܿҲûʲôˡתԽл͡䣬ûзл͡վԭһɫΪղŵĻúܲãֻüץϵİͳš
Щһǳɣл͡ߵصʱֻĹ
˲䰲ˣûһ˿
л͡ſ˺ܾãޱġ
ٵˣʲôȥģôҪһݹļƻʧһЩϸϸܵģĿڵǹӿ

ܴ˾ʦϣڸڻʣӵʱ֡
Ȼһ·Եĵطòŵ㣬տʼûֵ
ܳһԼûΪٵֱӷⲻǸ
˻Ӱó˼ȴš
ԹٹŮԼʮͣͦ˵ӣһ˵zϵģһ
ͦԵֵģС㣬ҺǱλԹ٣Ҳzıҵϵǹ̹ϵġ
ҲһϲɫȻ¶Բ̫ܹǸ˵ġ
ҸղͨһԹٶıֺҲȽӡ
°ģιʮþˡ

 46 

Գ׽ĺ󣬽˵ݣһֻŸոĵ㣬ͻȻеȥ䳬УΪҪóԵףһ£Ȼūл͡Ϳġ
ݵ¥ʱͣһ£һװĵˣϸĽ˿۾˹ָɾ
ܱЩļ˿˼ó㹻λ
ۿһһؽȥ¥ȻͣˣͣҲͰˣŲҲϲ¡
Ǹ˺ͽܼͬʱ˲Ծǰһ°ťԣȴͻȻҵһ¡
Ϊԣĸ߸Ьûһȣһ£һļȫڵϡ
˵ʱҲŵζһ£ѾվˣԼҲǳòӰЩɢֽš
ӦֻǸС¹ʣûͣ磬Ҳһ£¡
ǵͳᣬȲѶãܰİЩм
ܵͷӹݹĶ
лл
˵ͷֻصԼԭλãȻԼָ½
յһ¥ſˣų߳ȥܸںݣֻ϶˼δ磬л͡ģΪղڵûźžûӵ
߱زǺֵģæ˺ܾãҲû˽ӡ
ô¶л͡ǰ᲻ĵ绰ģÿμӣžɻ󣻴˺üȥû˽ӡ
ôˣˣû
˽⣬ˣΪӵ绰֪ôˣĪģһʱˣл͡ǾԼͻС
ҲǰսʲôģʱȻ˵黰⣬ޱģתһߣС
û⣬л͡ǰֻ䱾˶ѣֻոԱߵİٻС
ӾͲ£ͦͣ˭ĵù˭
л͡ˣСӣ˳ƾ£ĿȥҲ죬ͺˡ
ȥ˹Ůװȥߵĵطҿûкÿ°廭ȥ˲˺ͳԵġ
һͨ˽Сʱӵƹ̳춼Щˡ
ŶƿŵһɲǣЩΪԼ˵ط
ܻ谵һҲûﻹɻ󣬼ûл͡¶ȥˣ˵Ժ󣬴ߵȴ͵Ŀл͡ɳϡ
ʱһϸϸȥŷпɳ˯ˣʧЦͦɻô˯˯
ŽŲл͡ŵĹŵϣԱߵС̺ӣл͡ϡ
Ϊ˯ˣҲͲչȥʱһûƼǸԭΪѾ˯˵ˣͻȻۣȻһѱס

ģֻüССصͺһȷӦл͡ͷˡ
˶ûѿСЦһ£
װ˯
л͡Ѳ˲䣬Ƶأ޵ί
ûװ˯ģ㲻˯š
ӣĺ뿪һͲУʱ־
ȥ˰˭㲻ӵ绰ɵȡ
л͡ĸЩҺίˣ
Ȳӵġ
һҭ˵ֻޱȵ̧֣л͡ıССذοһ¡
֪л͡ڱĵطжɲ
ʱǲӣǲңڴ˼绰ȥǱ߶һֱæʱʹ˶λ͵͵ֻŪģû뵽ǣٶλҲʧˡ
л͡ʱ飬һӦǽܷˣĵ绰ܻʣ鼱֮ûôȥҽӡ
ûһĹ򣬶λָֻˣһֻλãǸٻ̳ٵ̺ӣŸȷʲôûз֡
飬ž˵ʱ
ô
л͡ؾᣬת˻⣬ܱŽܣоܰģ֮ղŶƽ˲١
ͦõģԹмzУѣرС
л͡ǿЦЦ㬵ءŶһеٺĸоû̫˼ȥƽ¶ˣǿʼ˼ôýԶ޷ֻܡ
˽Ը֪ԼЯĶɷֽţֻŻѹģܻ
л͡µġ
Ҫ취Ѷȡ󻼣ֲˣҲǾͷǵüţҲǰûеµܳŮˣֻл͡ԼѰЩ޶˾̤ʵѡ
ܣʲôȥ
תԼעҪȻԽԽң¶ʲô߽ܷ̽˿ɲá
ʲôԣĲ˶óԣ˺öˣɡ
룬վ
Ҳȥɣǰûһʱʵģ꣬ˣˡ
ЦеظЦȻΪ˳ܲӣл͡һ뵽Ժ˰࣬ģȻ˼һҪϸ廭˵ˣ˵ʱֹסܡ
ǵģʲôóŮˣԶ˳Ժ־۶á
л͡ϴŲˣ̾һȫʶģˣתͷ
л͡ôˣ𣿡
޹л͡˵ʲô˵Ҳȥϰ࣬ȻоٳһΪܺʵܱ̬ɣչܻҪݱΪҡ
ûвģ뵽Ժȥϰ˻ۣ㡣
ĺ۵ģҪͱȥ˰ɣл͡Щڴл
ЦЦƤݸ
ϰв۵ģ˵ϲĹҲģ£ȹˣȻϰ˲ˡ
Ϊ۲˵Щл͡˰֪˵Щʲôˣֻܵͷϴˡ
ܳԵÿģ˿ûзл͡Ĳڣûûιˣֻл͡˼УȴϸĻ
԰󣬽ȥϴˣ˵ֻиԣҪ˯֮⣬зˣл͡ʱû˵ʲôתڳˤ˿ӣȻ˺ݾߵһ߶ȥ
л͡ϴýڵϷֵĹ˾ҵʷл͡ȰţϴӺ汧ס
ܡ
ػ˲ԺͲߵͷ
Ժˣ᲻ᾭôæȻң
ûӦʲôָڵԼϷս⻰ʶͻأ
ᰡôء
湻ܵģתͷһ۶ÿл͡ĥĥ⣬ſ󱳺Ǵ
أ
ܣ㰮𣿡
ܻ˼лַ͡ˣϷ˻ģǻӦ
ˡ

ƭӡ

 47 

Ҳ˳м˸С˵и⣬֪ܲôӳһ£˺һŻشԹû˵ʲôˡ
еʧ䣬ʧһԭ׼˺þȴһСϣŹġ
ܱ֪ͨȥȺԽлԹ٣ʹ¥ˣһ¥Ϊϰʱ䣬ֻϡϡһСˡ
ԶԶأܾͿһ΢еӰǱ߹һʱ벻̫ȵ˼ҺԺС΢ţˣ
֮ǰڵǸ˿۾
΢΢ӣתͷȥ˺ûϳֱ˵ݡ
Ҳ𣿽룬ͻȻоֵĶ˵Թ٣Ǹˡ
ڴϰˣ˭Ҫͺദͬأ˲˾ٴκøб
˹˾ãܾʹȥлϡʵһʱپѾõ˻ʻ֤л͡ҲҪԹĲ̫УǾĴ·ϳ࣬ң¶͸ˡ
лϵĹ˾ǰ̨ϵ֪Ѿ飬Ҳǲܵˣʹ˵绰ȥһ˵СлܵŮˡ
л͡ڰ칫Һκ˾ĴҪܲɵģл͡ĳ˰ǰǰΣǵʱʱ̫ˣʲôǵˣǸŮһ죬֪˼ԡ
ڶԷҲδһǨŭл͡ǰѴ·ڵһλ
еһ룬͹л͡һ죬л֪͡ˣȻǸˣĿҲ˲ˣ½ܿ˲ãֱӾԷǸϣܹ֣ͣ´ʱԼ
ĺܲ˼Ҳл⣬ڴ
л͡˵ſ׻źۼض㿪˶ԷӵĿ⣬̬ԵģͲûˡ
λСЩ㬣л͡˵ˣҲֻܵͷ뿪
ʱ򣬾л͡İ칫ݽ޵С㣬ʶͶ࿴˼ۡ
ӽ߹һ˲ǸŮҲĿۣҲ˵ֻǶٴЩӣЩӵζ
ܲԭֻֻعͷǰߣƿŸһȥл͡Ųӣһ§
ôˣǰ㶼Ըġ
ͳڽͷ̧ͷЦü䣺
ˣʱ䶼ʮһˣؼҲȤ͹һ緹
л͡Цţ̧ܵۻģָвúܡ
ôֲǼҵѩзˣ
ʻȴƶúܣԽܵ˽⣬ƲǵΪԷȻ
ǲǣ´ˣĸʹѼ
˵ִֵ꣬Цл͡üˣֹıӡ
Ҿ֪ǲˡ
Ž£һȣּּǣû˱Ŀζϲˡ
һСڣ˿˿ģͦúȡ
ˣղҿһƯ㣬ȥˣǼµĺ𣿡
֪ܲĵɶˣ̫ģղһĻˡ
л͡ɫ˲һĲȻֱֱؿ
ǰ¸Ŀĺ˵ġ
ܵͷְעǱûȥ
л͡΢΢΢ţ
ܣǳԴ𣿡
Īأл͡ͻȻɳܵЩڴ͸һֱýܶģ˵ΪŮ˳Դˣϻؼˣ˼æԼģʶһġ
⻹ǵһΣôζͷˣȻǻϲģҲл͡˭뱻Լһļںأ
ϧܸû˼ԹԺȵĿģ϶һ䣺
ûаǿúúÿѣ֪ģչ
л͡΢΢һ£Ӧɫ˲ȥָذŤһ߲ٿµĲС
ΪʲôԴףôԲԴأĸŮ˿ɫŮ˴ԼϹİ칫Դ׵ģ
Ҫл͡ĻָҪίˣԼֻǺģôͷԹͷˣ
л͡²ؼ߸߹Ӿ;ȣǿȾôúȣ˻
ܣһǸ̹װɣΪҾ÷֮䲻顣
һƣתͷȥ˵⻰˵Īӵģ뿴żԴ׵뷨
Ǹո˵ǸƯ㣬ʵһǰΡ
ص㣬ǰΣĳһǰΡ
л͡ǹģƾʲôƾʲôԶڻûʧʹ࣬ҲССһζˣŻʶһΣУȻͻúðˡ
̴žž죬۳Žһ£Ǳȣתͷ
ĪеţڴŵֳһԴ׵ˣͺúúɣֻҪһֱͺá
ǰŮѣ
ܹȻˣӶԲˣл͡ӿ΢ϲ⣬ȴ޹ڳһֻı飬
Բ𰡣ܣңֻһԴ׺òãȻȥԺóԵģ
̫ˣ䣬Ʋס΢΢˵Ц⡣
ȴͻȻһ٩ζЦ̧л͡ļһ¡
л͡԰ȻôƯǰΣֲó˵ǰŮѶƯҲüҲء
ʲʲô
л͡еԻ·ˣǿţҪԭľ죺
ᣬƯҲϲǰϹ˲Ż˽ûһµģֻ㡭
ʲôģ
ܴл͡ΪԴײôżæŵĽͣϽ
˭ûйǰΰȻûУǰҲϲܶ೤úÿ˰ҶҲģġ
ţҲȻǸŮ²ּ
ǸļƷһŮԭˣ̫ÿˣֱ
ܻੲݣл͡ϵ΢ЦѾˣһһȥ
ʲôǰϲܶ೤úÿˣʲô
л͡Ѿȫޱˣüۣһ£
ܣĲԴ𣿡
˲ֹͣԼļⷢл͡ɫһĲԾҲȻʶԼĲͬѰ
΢һ£ſڣ
ǸҡӦóԴ𣿡
ܳˣл͡ôˣϲŭ޳ģͲ֪ͻȻ˵ĵ
ļ򵥣л͡ǰѾװ׵ظ̹׹ûǰΣǰΪĲŻӦûмͺƽˣûκξ
˶Ѿˣһֽλıϣ֮αģԵ޹ʣ޸ݵسԴףл͡ӣ񲢲ķӦ
ͺΡ

 48 

л͡ıҭסˣ֪˵ʲô
˵Դף⻰˵ͻᱻ񾭲ɣ
л͡˱ۣһЦǿ
أӦóԴ𣿡
ԾܲԾֲɵӣӷת˼Լˣȥ벻ס
֪
񰡣ȾɣĲ֪ԵҪҪԴװͨ˿ԼԴײԼǻ᲻ͷѵĲ
л͡һŬѹţأǱȣ˲ƵĻֱǶˡ
ֹȥ·ǱȣܷӦѾл͡صظϣСĲײ
ô࣬ȻҪҪԷˣ
üһβܴطййˣл͡ҶԽôֻǨŭǱȡ
ʵȣл͡ˣȻԸС˳ģ˭ôѸء
úúãҲҲˡ
˵꣬л͡չȥл͡أԱ߲˲࣬
ǱŲŲͻȻЦˣ
л͡
ȻҲ֪ΪʲôˣҲܲµǲΪҿǸÿûп㣬ˣ
л͡һ㶣ʵǲ֪Ķġ
ܿǱ飬Ϊ汻Լˣ˲˼л͡˼Ҫǲ²͸ҾͲнˡ
˵һΣл͡ȫÿˣȫе㶼ÿģǸ㻹Ҫÿһٱòã
ɵϣ´ˡ
л͡Ƕ˶ƲסĻϲˡ
һϷϽȴ
˺ˣȥԷɣҺö
ҡĸ첲л͡Թ֪ԣ˵ĻҲܣ˵˵ˣҲûģʵϣǲòϣȷղǼ仰ȡõˡ
ÿûð´Ҫ˵ϹҰ㣬ס𣿡

ס𣿡
ǹִֵģ﷭۶ϻװأ
ס˼סˡ
źޡ

ڼլ죬ֵԽû֪ͨҲóȻȥģ˵ǽˣǾ͵ȵ£Ҳһʱġ
ʱһľ͹˷磬пԤϰߣл͡ǰͶɡ˵ܻꡣ
ͦģģȴ˿˿ģܰܿĴˣ͸͸÷紵ر
լڼҵв׷翴ʳ֣ʱĸ죬˯ֱҪá
ĵʱ򣬽ܿӰǸģĶĶãЧҲһûһأ֪ʲôʱͿɳ˯ˡ
ٴǱѵģͷѾƮҡĶյıƱһɨ⣬ʪĸоƢ
رϲ꣬ʢ˵¾£С޻ûûˡ
Ųľʵذϣȥģ֮ǰ򿪵ĴϣȻһ°׿ڿ̨ǶشװĺʣǰǶϷߺл͡һҹ
꾰أǸĵɳϣԱֲеɢƵ
ˣ˯Ƶġ
Ժأ绰ȴʱˣʾл͡ԾЦЦ˽ͨš
ڸ
ȴдԣ͸绰һ˿
˯ѣںˮ
֪ˣֿûнڣⲻһˣ϶лҪˡ
Ȼ
ˣµĺܴ󣬶ҲС²£
ֻ˵һ£Ǽ٣̾нڴӹ˾°ؼˣ԰ɣܻƫƫͲᡣ
£رϲ꣬µԽԽá
л͡ͷĬһҲ֪Ķ붺
Ǻðɣ㲻¾ˣ£ô죿
û뵽˵߯Ҫˣһ˵´ףΪ˸Ҳ̫伫˰ɣ
ǣ˵ô죿
ؼܲҪʹƢﰵģչʾίѹ
ܣҵ绰һСʱ°ˣʱ䣬Ҫһ͸˵˵
ãҪôԽܡ
õģҲҵ绰һֱ㡣
ҿ϶˯ţΪ̫ˣʱɲҪҡ
ŵȻŽһ飬ϸϸл͡š
ãҺܰأᳳ㡣
л͡ڰ칫ϣֻڶߣ۾ϵļУָҲűдд˼ȴû棬ܵȥˡ
ԼŸӾͻ˵仰˵˵ţ濪ʼˣһ仰ԽԽСԺ˯ˡ
л͡ĺ¸ЩټϴףȴĪ⣬ΪڴȺ°ÿһ룬ŵ尾
ڰ㣬л͡΢ʰһ棬رյԣԱܵû죬ֻʮӾ͵ˣﾲĵģֻȻƺƴ
߹ȥߵɳ棬ߵĿΪ񾲰ȻС֪εʲôʱʱ촽΢
л͡ӣ۾촽һ½ܵĶͷ׽ֻĽ˼֮ࡣ
ɳǰʽģл͡ڵϣڽȱߣúܽŪˣֺЩˣۡ
ȹʱ䣬ܲڼҵʱѰطװͷˣ֣Ҳڹ˾Ҳܿڼҵ
ĵ׾˼ûע⵽Լһһ̤ԻٵԨǣֻԸģʵϣǼǰ㡣
ìܵĸԴǲƽȵ⣬ԴһʼעҪܵĥ

ϳԷʱл͡ոʢһС绰ˡ
ֵhrģܲ˲֣ͽˣлֻ͡ע⵽ָ绰ͷĵлӲ͹Ҷˡ
һϲɫл͡Ѿµˡ
л͡ұ¼ȡˣ
Сر˷ܣ˲ϳˣٲȻһҪл̸͡۵ļơ
л͡ȻﲻԸȥҲ֪²ܸıˣֻǿԼʵҲìܣЦЦЦݶٲǳģ
ô㣬ļҹ˾ҲҪ¼ȡ϶֮еġ
ܺٺЦչȥл͡һڣ
⻰̫ˣֲýƤһֱԭк¶
ҪϾҪȥʵϰͰѼľóߵ͸ƿ
ͦܣл֪ܲ͡ľ˵ƿˣֻСҪˡ
л͡ͷЦЦûȴڿӸȥʱ͵ķӦ
ܣո˵ʲô
Ҫȥʵϰ

 49 

û뵽Ĺע˵ͷ
԰ϣŵ֮ǰȥ²ôˣ
л͡Ŀӣ˫ֽϣ
ôͻȻôȥʵϰģû죬һ㶼ȷ¼ԺҲȥġ
ȥûʲôõģϤϤ¡
ܲΪȻҲл͡עʲôʲôʱȥһ
л͡ʵҲֻǲãΪ¶;࣬Ż´죬úù磬תͷ˵Ҫȥϰࣿ
ел͡ͻȻˡ
˵ʵһͦڴأ
ͻȻڣл͡źۼ΢΢üչ״Ʋʵ
ôжڴǰڴ𣿡
ܳЦЦ
ȻҲԽӴһֳ˴еĸ֮ҲͦѺõġ
ˣʲô˰
ܼһͽ˵΢Щڳݲ壺
湤ģδҪҳΪͬ»˾˰ЩԹ٣ڵ˵С¹ʣи˾Ͱһ£ӦҲֵˡ
Ҷӡ󲻴оҶͦദģǻ¼ңҾ͸ˣҡ
еŮİ
л͡ЦеأͻȻڴͦƽ͵ģûʲô쳣ʶ뿪ڣȴȻһ£оԾˡ
ͻȻеŮģΪʲôԶ׼л͡עĵôˣһİҲҪƽ
ҲֻʶѣﰲοԼһ¡ڵʱȴʶ˻ѣ
ŮģŮġ
ֻ¶ѣģţǿƲס顣
л͡ˣû׷ȥЦŸвˡ
ܣʲôҾʶѡ
㣬ϲҳԷɴף
л͡ӣѸռĲ˷ŽȴоͻȻʧȥʳ죬˵ЩʲôӺַˡ
ǿڲ˸˺ܾãл͡ҲһֱڲŪǲͣȽֲܷԾ̧ͷʱӣ
ܡ
ҲģֻҪ㰮ңҾʲô¡
ǰǣҪңҲʲô¡
ŵӦһܻ飬ָϽͷԹԳԼķ

ܵڶ˸磬л͡˺ܶ࣬ܳԱ˲ȥϰģ֮ǰػЬл͡һڡ
ǡ
ͷЩ
ҵ̫á
ЦӦˣҲظл͡һǣΪеţŽţϡ
²ܣ֮ǰЩ˾ûôˣֻһλʵϰŽȥĲţܸо棬һ·Ϳһ·
ڵͼƲִõʮ¥Ǹ²ʵϰһ·ϸԽһֵĴ΢ЩŵЩ
ֵͨԱ칫Һ;칫ǸģΧһ칫ңǸʵϰȴȥ˾İ칫ҡ
Žȥʱ򣬽ܱϹϾأ˼Һ棬һۿǸˣװͦӣʮңͷڷļ
Ͼ²еʵϰܡܾ˵ͬzУѣȱˣͰˡ
ǸϾԣ̧ͷܿˣһ˲ͫ΢Դ˵ŵζ
ʲôԵ֣ǵˣüһͷ˾
˿ԺҲ΢һ£ˣ˿۾Ӵһ˿ζĹ⣬ͷ
ãҽФܸʶ㣬
ºͣ΢΢һ£
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λԱģһӣԲԲС΢ģǾ޿ɰŴܹԵģȽܴһ꣬ء
ҿԽ𣿡
Сһ̣ģžͺܺദ
ĶҪˣӰͳһݹȥл͡׼ģεʱˡ
Ȼԣҽذɣ
ǸСϽͷĵܸˡ
ֻʶФأλұǴýܸͷҲûʲôǸСչˡ
£ǲֵ˶ܺദģΪϴ˾ͺᣬرһףȻĴ£ĶǺõĲٺˡ
ˣ˲ۣﰵԼã˸Ĳš
֮ǰλãһŮûʹְˡ
еգ۾
Ϊʲôѽ
Ů԰ԵȤͬģسһЦʾչȥ
ǸŮѧɼʵ㣬ȷƯȻô˵أе۸ڶĸоɣʵҲʲôȱ㣬¶ֲ̫ˣŵ𣬵顣
û뵽һΪֻǷ˴ʵϰڱ˶ѡ
ǣԸ񲻺õĻô᣿
ֹһ˲˼
ҪֻԸ񲻺Ҳ˰ɣؼȥĥϴ󰡣
ѹ͸¶һըԵϢ
û뵽һϰͳ˹ϣϻС룬ǸŮ֮ǰλϡ
ôĥ
ЦЦ΢˵
ˢڸУ£ԣϴô˵ʿˣһζˣн칫ѵһ٣ǹֱˤˣʹְˡ
ôӲ
һ¿ˮԼԼɳ¶߹ʵϰӦò̫ѡ
ܣ֪֪ʵ²֪ͨ˵ǲҪˣҶڹ˾Ⱥþˡ
ССؾһ£
𣿡
԰ΪϴҲzҵİԴҶעϴʱҲ٩һ䣬˵ֱӽСˣĥϡ
عЦ˼˲¡
ǡأҵһӡô
΢˵ڴΪͦϲģȻҲϣܺúദ
ܣҿ̫ϲˣĺһɰҺùԣҸ˵ôϻ㶼оϴһۡ
ˣĻŭţڰһ£һСƬء
СʵͦģһΣΪԵϵ׶ɾˣҲôܺϲˣûôƣһദҲۡ
ʰһ£յʲô΢΢ͷأ
أϴܸ˵˵𣿱ϾǶͷ˾Ҳðɶġ
ʻСճȥ˲˷ˣ
԰Ǹ˵ˣϴǹ˾ʵҲء
Сһһô

 50 

ж㣿
еˣһϹʱ䳤ˣٿˣоˡ
һ׷ʣˣ
˽Ÿʮ갥Ϊһô˧Ҳţġ
̾۾Ͽ֪뵽ʲôˣ˼֪ƮĶȥˡ
ģ﹤ʱҲˣȴûϴγżлǻһССĻ룬ٺ١
ܹܵϾûл֮͡ǰҲǸɫ԰λϲŮӡ
Ͼô㣬ôܻӭ˵ӦŮ˰ɣ
ʰŶһ䡣ˣڰ칫ϣһŲܵλá
԰˵治棬ϴڶûŮѣ˰ɣרҵӦҲϲǿԼպϣûϲģ͵¡
ԵͷʾͬҲǣҪҿ϶ҵģ˸˵׷һԼ˼ҸԼϲģҲ˵
ذ˵˹ФһѻҲ˽һˣ֪ܺദͰˡ
ϲʲôˣʵϰڼ÷ڵıְӦҲʲô¶˾ͬº˾ֶôãֻˡ
ʱ򣬽ܺһȥ˾ԷغرϲС粽ġ
ܣǰȽȽһԵģǳԵ̫ˣߣͬΪıԺǺһԺˡ
˵꣬ͷ˿ܵĲ̣ĻҪһӾҵսһ
ܱе˼Լ᲻Ե̫ˣû뵽ҲһǸ׵ĳԻСǣ˭Ҳ˭
ԵĻأͻȻ£ʾ⽪ܻͷ档
תͷȥФΣģԸҲԵô˹ɸɾģ׽ˣתͷ˿ԼĲ̣ͻȻе
ԵĺСʳһһһ룬һҲŮӣû˼Ͼʡ
Ͻ˼ŲͽֽѲԵͰķͨͨɾӽȥٳԵʱ򣬽ܾע˺ܶࡣ
תͷеģ뵽עȻȫڷϣΪѾᵽԼ˼صԣ
ϴٵ˾ԷģҲû׼㵱ԲǴСˡ
˲̧ͷЩȣ
أǣôϾô˽Ⱑ
ЦʵģҲĺ棬ϸڵ˽¶ô֪ģ
ѽ˵ҲµģµģΪ˽¶˵ϴÿڲԷСڲԾͻԼı㵱߶
ܡ͡һЦˣǾãǴС¶֪ôĪЩФҲϲǴСţԵܺϿζģǸʱ͵ʱҲˣһ֪࣬϶ûл͡ĺóԣԾû㡣
ϾϲȴҪȻҲΪ˳רܵе˵ķȣܸоǸƵᣬܵء
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ܰ׷ȥֻл͡һ΢ţ
ǴСſ
Ǳ߹Ȼأ
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˲Цü䣬һ鼫á
ˣ̰׵֡
ϣֻܰϣԷʱʱٺغл
ʱ˽һЩȽϼ򵥵Ĺˣ˵ͼƲţȷͦõģûΪ˾ͿֻæڴӡʱӴӡһݣǾ֮͡
ܱϾոսӴܶණģҲﲻģ˾ͻİæĳӦöӡ㲻ܾͦĵġ
Ϊļ˾Ϣʱ°ʱΪˣ½½Ժʹ°ˣΪҪϹҲû취㽪ܼӰ࣬ΪԼĹҵʣ˸βûдá
Ȼظ˵͵һҲûϵֻҪҪʱõĽȥͿˣܻǾãһŪԼĹȥҲ̫ãԾԼŰ칫ҼӰ࣬أ˾ҪʮһŻȫصբһ¥š
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 51 

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ǸȻҲʶһͺܹӰѵǸ߸˧
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Сһʹ⣬ܶĻЦˡ

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ʱ䳤ˣһФʶл͡ٲԾԶԱһ£֣ܶԱȼΣǾл͡ÿֵһûĸ˧л͡ġ
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ʵָȻӽöֵ֪ܹܹ࣬󣬿Ҳû취Ĳϰߡ
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ܳ˾ƵţԶԶأл͡ĳͣǶ˳бųţĿⶨؿȻԼǿ߶
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ϿһƽͣβӿˣҲֻԼ֪

 53 

л͡жʮСʱؽܵģֻѡ
ܸФ˵ÿһ仰ÿһ¶һ
ȻܵȷûʲôԽľٶͻڼαѯʸ״ʱҲʵػشѻ飬ûһ˿
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л͡ղĿһۣΪͷҹһ뵽Լڳ˰СʱԷȴʲôҲ֪;öµĻš
ܣǲФȻΪһ˲ţǰôûΣ
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л͡һԺҪˣǧܱ֡

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Цŵͷվ󣬰﹤Աһɴ֪һϲ׷βǲʲô覴øɴԼԡ
˼öͦģѡĸʱ򣬲̧ͷ߼Ϳ滹һʽûôҲƯĻɴЩϸƺβɴĵһۣ뵽Լĺýýܡ
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Цü䣬Ե٩ܣûȤ˻ɴֱ꣬ĵ̳ǡ
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һգ΢΢üͷ

 54 

˵ǣÿûöãͻ̣ᷢҺüζΪҪըȻҾͣƷƺøȫˡ
ǿŵԱһߣѹѹ²۵飬ŵЩ
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ԱǸˣźڿ۾һͺIT֣˵꣬۾ЦЦ
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ҵ˼ǣĻܲҿֻڲ֪°װʲôߺں̨УŵֻЩ״ġ
ȷ˷ֻԭѡֻҲˣ𣿡
ܱһͨ˵ĶеˣտʼûӦϸ룬Ҳǣǰر˳رõģ֪ʲôʱʼĪͳЩ˵ֻҲûãͲΪʹʱڲϻʲôġ
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Ըֻ˲̫Լֻ󣬴ûе㿪ʲôӻвĸҲ΢΢
ָܵǰĲָ̨ⷺף촽ţпܶණܶ߰ģԺײĶ
һ뵽ѣ֣һֱʲôΪԶȫû߼ѭҪҲǲܡ
漴ʹһ룬ѿĻ޼ֻʲô֪ЯĶˣֻС
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ΪʲôΪʲôҪôˣԼӵֻﰲЩܸɵó¶
л͡ˡ
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ιܣôˣ
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л͡
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ܹ˵绰ֻӽֱ˵̳ǣøں棬Ҳ֪ôˣֻͽܻؼңοһ·
ܲҳ棬֮ìܣ͹ԼԴʼգö֪ʵл͡
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л͡ʵﾹȻݣֻҪһδͺľ׮ԶһֻҪǸͻẦһΡ
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л͡ϣͷһһ͸
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ͷĿֻԽԽѹҪ֪Ժڣô룬ϣֻܼҲ
ڣл͡ұĻˣܺһ߾ģǱ˭
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ڣΪʲôҪ̰ǵܾռкƿĿУΪʲôֽ֪סҪȥ
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л͡һ˲йȫɿֱش£ؿŽԽԽԽԶ

 55 

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л͡ǲңǲ֪˵ʲô
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ʲôɲʱˣҲûбҪҶθʲôԴ׵С¶
̧ͷ΢üʹ⣺
л͡Ƿ/֪˺ң֪𣿡
ǿƲס͵İθߣ䣬ֵͷȥ顣
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л͡ͻȻ̧ͷĻܲˣܲô˵ԼԼ˼ĴͲ£ӼˣŻ̬չ
ܣҴûô㣬ֻǣֻǺ¡
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µҪҲܴﵽĿл͡Ҿú£ҾãԼǸŮˣҾ񡪡
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л͡ˣϵõ˶ٰҪرҶٰͱԼȡ
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շתһϣò˯ţû˯þˣܶŸ׵˫ۣ̫Ѩ
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˵գת䣬ͽл͡һڲıӰʧɫԽԽϵ緹ðл͡θڣûжһ¡
һҹû˯ڵϣһҹ
ǰܶ¶ͽһ·ĩˣֻûغãȴϴ
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ʱֻûʲôѹģڣԼҲˣ֪ζܡ
ȫȫذãҲڸһеıܽа
ϴˣ൱ڷ˴ǰԼǰĸʲôİʲô
Ը⡣
ţԼֻǰѰռһû˺δ֮У
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ûл͡Ѿҩɾȡ

 56 

ԼȥϰģΪû緹ټһҹû˯ãɫЩѿž뵡ƣ
ȥ˾·ϣ룬л͡ôͻȻӵģ˵ǰͷֻһֱصû֣
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Ȼʵ󲻳ԺҪôϢİܻӹ֣ʱһѸٱ
ڳ⳵ϣ˳ͨͨ磬̫ˣԿۡ
˾ʱ򣬰칫ûˣԼλϣؾˣ̫Ѿˣȵʢ죬糿ӿͱȣظϽȥյ
һ£ͷֽ̫ܲԾˣſϣ޾ɵģ칫Ҵ̨ɹ˵¼
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ûڿһۣץϵĳԿ׾ȥˡ

Фڰ칫󣬽վţü˳۵ģФЦЦýţȻӳóһű
СʱΪһʵϰֲɹҲΪ˲СĹס
ʵϰˣҾʽԱݡ
̧ͷɫͣ˵˿׵Ļűƹȥ
Ȱˣ̣ϻܽ²¼ɹһһһ㣬űȥԷŪ
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ллϾһµΣҲллᣬһúùġ
˵ĳϿңóҲϲ˾ݹФЦЦڰʾˡ
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ϾˡðиССлɷЩǴСŸҴ˾˵Ҳϲˣɷջ͸
ĻȨΪлһչˣʳҲֵǮҲıҵ⡣

 57 

뷨ʵҲûʲôëФҲȷһ˾ΪˣҲչˡ
˵ͷЩ˼ԺҪºܶģǳ¶ˣһ뵽ôһл
Ф֣ʲôȱģʲôл񶼺̫ãҪ˵Է飬ʮа˾Ҳͬ⣬ۺ˵ͶãأҲʧΪһ⡣
ȻФһ˵ǰ̧ͷԶЩЦ⣬ԼҲܾ̾΢Ŵ
㵹ˣҾллˡ
һϷ˲Цü䣬˼Ȼġ
õܣԵһ£Ұѱºиù
Фվƹ칫
ҺһȥðɣҲʡٶһˡ
ܵͷФһ˾칫ҡ

˵һߣ緹ûþͽˣűöع˾㰴ϰߣȥСһ£˯
ڹ˾ſڣҲˣӳ˧ˡ
Ȼ۳ɫЩ̫ÿװֱ˧һѪСﻨѸٵظȥźۼ˺棬˼Ƭ
ʵ˵ǸţҲ㣬ϾҲҪع˾
һ·ϣذǼűӰշ˽ܣиͬľڴ˿̷ӵ쾡£ϧŪǸºУֻӵһߣû
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Խ˷ڵͷֻĻžشţ˺ö̾ŸԱԼĿġ
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ȭͷѾصشϴϡ

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л͡
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ˡ
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ˣе޴룬Ҳ½ܳʲô¶˼Ҽ£Ҳû׷ȥܡ
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л͡ǿԵأŽʻϣȻϵϰȫϳźȥһߣϳš
ȫһԲˮѸ٣ܲĽհѰȫɿѾˡ
лַ͡ʲô񾭣
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շԾѾͷȥ˲ɴۣʼƾš
л͡ϵϺͺ״ûȥҧĴ֪ܲôǴиܵôЩѹζ
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ͻȻ֮䣬֪ôźá
ˣɷӦѹʹʱοˣҪĸ⣬ȥֺ˵棬˵˼һ޹˾
л͡ĺʹ࣬ԼԼԤУѾٱıԵˣҲܲκδ̼ˡ
˼ܻǾȰл͡մ㿪ڣȴëȻһղΪҵìܳͻԼԵ¶
͵ƿл͡һ̲
һ£л͡
ֻϵͶλûˣô֪ڹ˾﷢ʲôģ

 58 

ӣǼӡ
ܾԼˡôл͡ͻȻ֮ͱһ̬
ôһٶأѾΣΪΪʲô޿ײؼ
ļˣİ޷Զסһֻ˿ȸľռС
ȵĿ־˲ϯȫδ˺һˣµֽű֡
лֱ͡ӣʲôҲû˵תȥ˳ӣ³Ҳ²ˣ绰ȴֻʲôĶû˲йȫαϣʧл͡Ĳ
ӣӣл͡Ѿ׷ˡ
ܵһ̣ʼֱ֣飬ҪܵĿ־塣
ҺФûʲôΪʿԲÿŮһҽ칫˵ʵϰת¶Ϊ˸лҵ緹ġ
л͡ˣʲôӦûУڽͻ𣿷еĵϸ֪ˣҲ᲻ǰӸͺãֻẦηȻ˽нԶ
һ쵽ģֻܲȡֶΡ
ܼûһ˼ͷĿֻԽԽ
Ҫʲôл͡㵽ʲô
л͡רĵؿųԴǻݣҲİ䣺
ܸʲôؼң
תͷĿأ
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ʮӵĳ̣л͡ǰϰקͿϡ٣ûע⵽ǵܲл͡קҲûѰܡ
ſңл͡Ƿ/ſ
һֱͼָֿͷȥ֣ϧûʲôãۿл͡Ҫţһģͷȥҧл֡͡
˻
Ȼʹüͺʶ֣յܰȾܣ̤һͱӺסϡ
µҪȥֻ첲ﻹ
ſңӣҲҪˣ飬飡
ʱҲ̫ˣѿڶһ˲ʶЩڣҲһ£嶼Ӳˡ
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صؽţֶȥл͡ӵֻ֣ɺԽʧȥҲԽԽؿл͡ϡ
л͡վıֱͷβû˿˫ۿնȴסܵĿڱǣֱ˳ûʶ̱ϣл͡ޱؽҧβڲظ
ΪʲôҪ˵飿Ϊʲô
ţ˫Ȱ㣬ӣޱˡ
ӦͱϣͷķСҡ塣
ڣҲû˻ˣаȫУԶֻ

ûȥϰˣФȥֻЩµĶ˳㿴ôػ˵ȥʱݣýܵɷûעƿӿ˼ۣҲûбŰĺۼ
󲻾Фյ˽ܵĵǸ⳥ʹְţʼҲյ˴ְ档˵Ϊͥԭ޷ϰˣФΪɷ˼ЭˣΪǱ˵ļ£ҲöӹʣܸҪᣬֻˣ±㲻֮
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ſŵ˳˵ͷִǰţų˳ʱ·ﳤȥ
ٺƯ֮áƯһ˵һԣʵӢ֣Ѿ޷ݡ
ЩվڱſãȴţһֱûнȥԿҲδ̧֡
ʲôõ飬üͷ壬¶Եʹɫ
źۼŲԿףŰƿǡ
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ܰŵ־
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˴ӣⲽ߹ȥӣϥڵϡ
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ŮûʲôӦȴʹֳ
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ڱɤӿ޽ţΪǰһˣҲΪεĴ
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Ů˾ϵȹڣ˻ĻͬʱҲ˸ղƽգڣ˲
Ҹ㣬л͡ҾҲ񾭲ӡ
ҵϹ˹ۣ̯ӣôȥ
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üͷ룬ۿ΢Щ죬Ҳͻذθߡ
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Ϊʲô
ìܼôãͷһ˵ֺݣһֻޣôҲҲ·
Ĵãҵġ
ҧгݣᡣ

Ů˼ţڳ׶ѣȫŶ䣬ʹֺȫ̱ڵϡ
ޣΪԼҲΪ
˵ÿһ仰ûǵĽܣǸΪһźÿȥĽܣǸûԷĿʹӦĽܡ

 59 

ˣð̴ɨûйشһ¥ܵġ
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Ϊ֮ƣֻһ·ߣ鲻ͷ־ϵģԺڽӵʱӦо顣
ʱǾ񲡣Ҳ벻ˣҸ鲻ڣֱȽͳվ뵱ͥ¶Щ̬ΪҲǸлұȫ档
ܴ˳ңôˣǵһΪܻȥģЩҲ֪л͡ǰ˵ʲô˵ġ
طԺ󣬽ʦ΢һؼȥԼķ䣬ǰĴǮ޻еǮó˳ѣŮʿɵһȥֳȴûдԼĺŮһʱüͷˣװͰ͵ġ
ôл͡ˣ
Ůʿпſϣﻹץһɨ㣬Щ̽ζ
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л͡ǽӵ㹤һͨ绰֪ܲ˵ġ
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ҪԱûˣĺ벻ʹһ⼸һֱ㷲֪Ҫ뿪ȴû뵽ô졣
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ʵ֤һжֻĻ롣л͡ͷۻվƿĲŲӣǽ˹֡
ŲȵףҪƵĿ壬ƫԶûô࣬л͡Ļ¡
ˣл͡ѳ洦һܼͣ³嵽ſڣڴţ˵ֻһΣţ滹ܡ
ǿǿһĨЦԴģšԿƿš
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л͡ʧǵߵ˼ƿƣǽڵϡûпƣһ¹⣬͸̨شս
һ̧̨ۣܿϰŵģǰרܱŵΣǵãʱ˸ƣðŴؼң˯ˣͷſߣ˸Ρ
вԶԷĲ˾һ𿴵ӰСɳⷿһУ̫ļˡ
л͡Щͺ񿴵˵ǡ
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л͡һƿƣûȣǰֻͳ㿪¼ţϰ¼ỵ̈ܶż뵽ʮ롣
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ͷǽϣһھˮ¶ǣһ£ûпֻСžડžડ
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л͡ͷ۾ľƿڵϣµµԶ
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 60 

ܱΪԼܰߵģԶл͡ľ˼Լܰ˯þˣȴǡ
ǳɵϰ͵Ļ˵طûˣȻշת˯ˡ
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ѾȶˣΪ˴ѪҪһʱָʱ価Ҫ̼ҲΪڿưɣɱ򡣡
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ǽڽԱߣı
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л͡ΣԺжϣ˸֢
Ϊ Լڱ ˳ڱ־ ܹϵսʱб顣
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վǳ⸱˲ˣģܣЩֵ˵Ҳǿһ·߹ģĺϣһõδ
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ˣҴȥǰһǺúùӣ𣿡
˵䣬һᣬлֱ͡ϡ

 61 

ϰ˵룬Ϊ׼ʱϴãţӦһ֪ǻ
С㣬ȥ緹ɣҽԺʳãҲ͵ꣻչ˾ͺãΪչ˲ۻ塣
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