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˵ֳŴһԾɵ

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06

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ˣƳһϵˣϣȴͦıֱ˫ȻĴڷϣһ˫в

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˵ѧһЩͷĪŮеĴˣѧʱӲǻİѷɽԼûۿְֽѧһƤë

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һߺϵһߵͷӦףлֽ̻壡

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ת˵̵ʱٴηһδһԿȥֻѾһ主󻨣ʱ̾Ϊֹ

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һƽܿ𣿡˵˳Ƴһ岼ʱɳ˳ǣⶼʱȥˣôֻһƬꣿ



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07

һ磬֯Լʰ

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08

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·˳ĴˣѸٴӴҡЦһԴҰϣ
á

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ģС㣡֯æ˵ūû飬޷СڵģǷǳÿ



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09

ڴϣŴڵգƺڻ

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˫ķ˰
ǰһΪҥԣû뵽Ȼġ


Ⱥ۷׷ףֱӴ֪߳˭һ䣺ӳˣ˲˴󲿷˵Ŀ⡣

ͷסеߣֻһһ̨ףекл

ܿͣ½Ųֱ㳹ɿ֣һ˲䣬оʧȥеķվ

Сģ̧ţ

ͻȻһ·Ȫͳ䣬˳̧һŶһӵŽӵͷ˽ȥȺӱ㱻¡

˫ַϥϣãһΡӱ㶯

棬糺޷ǰ棬ߵ·ʱɫͻȻЩףз

޷ܿ췢糺ĲԾæͣʵү

һͣĴҲɵ÷׷ͣ½ŲȻоͣЩɻһԣѯ֯ʲô£ôͣ

֯ǰ棬ŻصС㣬²֪ΪͻȻͣˣҪū澹ȥ𣿡

õشɻˣѵͻȻڻˣ룬˵޷ʲô£ǵžͺá

ӭ׶ǰ档

糺ؿڣ촽Ҳʼףһ۷׷׵İգֻװʲô¶δ̧ʾ޷ظ

ү
ظ

糺ᶨ޷ֻţֻǽµĲȴɼӿࡣ

ǶԶܿӭ׵ĶصͲúһУϲĺ⣬ʱҲѾ۸ܶˣ

˫ȣ߽ڴҶԼͬĺԵϲĲ¿裬߽

޷糺ŽõϢҲæ˹ϵʵ𣿡

糺ͷ޷¡

Ҳ״ʱĳ糺ô벻Ҳڶ˵޷Ը߰ɣȽȥ֮뿪±㽻ҡ

糺û˵ʲôĬ˵

֮С
ϲ룬ݸһĵĩˣץŴеĸ۵

ܿ죬޷糺˷׷ǰϲӦţʾһԵǹ١

ʱѵ
׷ÿ糺ͣԣץסһˡ

һ׼׵ǹټ
һأ

ڸͷ£΢΢ѭϵһȥһֻǽڷͻȻУһ㶣תַֻ΢΢Ȳ󣬿ץȴܵ쳣
ûж֮еͻȻϡ

һǹֻٴκ
һأ

ŻȻźۼתӣ

ݸã
޶԰ݣ
ɡ붴

Աߵ֯Ѹٷȥһ·޻һߵ޷˶ڻζղŵĻҲ糺˳˴

ȴҷ糺Ӱʱ㲻ԼͬĲ²ҲӻطˣӴΪдǣҲûʲôֵĵطⳡ±Ƚ⣬Ҳû˲֪Ȥȥֶ

10

鷿С
糺ȥԼ£ǰ˿ڲ֪ʱѿˣѪѾȾһƬɫ·


ֱӽѾѪȾ˺˺Ѱʹƺ߳ͷҲ͸顣

Ϸ޷ոҩѵҩĴָƿڵ޲Լ˿ڴȥɫĩ˲˿ڡ

ûһ糺оǰƻһȣ⵽ڣһ˳Ѫ裬˲оڸ·ȼһ㣬ֻսȭͷŴ⣬ɺˮϿ

Ҳ˶òŻ糺૵㹻ݣ

ūˣΪթĻϲף糺ر߽㾭ʹ˴򽻵

ǿ糺֮ǰδԹ̣ԹޣӲ糺ĵĴѹһֱûдȴһ֡

˵ʳӣȴΪ״糺Լһˣ糺Ȼ;к֣ȴǲ뵽ǰɥĲɹһ

˫Ⱥǰ˿ڶǰݴͣ˿ǵһ˴ġ糺ҲãжΪѾûʲô⣬ȴ˿ͻȻЩֲ

糺ȥЩ£һԵİײǰƹȦ򵥵İһ

һƬϲ·УǺ޵װΣϺ򾲾ȼţźͷ´ϳĬ

ʱѰ롣

ֵһᣬʵЩܲסͷϽҡѹĲӶˣŷʱ·ҲûˣҪ׼ͷϢһʱͻȻŲСĽ̸

ܿ죬֯ӴҴŶ룬ߵ´ԱС㣬ү˹˵

ү˵ʲôˣʡ

ү˵˵ˣЩЪϢɡ֯µ˵ҲԽԽСͷ̧һ£ͻȻ

ŶƽӦһȻԼͷ֯˵֯ҰҡҲӶѹˣ

ԣ֯һ㶣ܿǰõҡ

ڰĳһͷû̫ˣ˸ֵͷӺϵƷȫȡʱоһᡣ

֯һ㶵ĶһϵеΪ뻹ǵѯʵС㲻𣿡

̧ͷ͸©⣺ʲôģ𣿡

ô˵֯ıΪΪѣɽձϾ»֮ҹүôҲ̫̫ͻȻ֪ô˵ˣҪȥˣȫҪЦԼСˣκСô¶֪Įĵġ
֪֯ǹԼЦְοˣôӶǸԸģԸУʱұƽǿȥ׼һˮɣæһˣС۵ĹǼܶɢˣֻϴһ£ȻúϢ

ʵ糺ϲּģҪĻ붼úܱŤòˡ

Ļ֯̾˿ֻתȥΪ׼ˮ

ĵļҲһߣ·Ĵ˳򣬵ûʲôĵط

֯ܿ׼ˮʵ۵ĲУ̱ԡͰУ֯򵥵ϴһ£ڼ֯һֱ߷߲ƽıСźЦҲûٶ˵ʲô

ϴŴɫޱʱоȫķټû˯ãܿ˯

֯Ĺųȥˣ·кܿһƬž֮УֻʣԼԼ¹⡣

鷿У޷翴糺ѾЪˣǰȥʱ򣬻ΪλôҲЩӣȴүȥˣһ㷴ӦûС

š糺ͷƽƺͲµʲôһ

Ǳѵģ۾İɴԼӴĽһʱЩã

һϳ˼ٻ⣬ʲôҲûԹĸ⣬Զѣ뻹ǼѵĴӴ׼ҵ㶫ԡ

ɫ·һȦҲûʲôԵģ֮ǰϲʲôӦöѾųȥˣֻŶӸɵۡ

ܼĵĴ򿪷ţ׼ȥŷҵԵĵӣһ㷢ҹ֯˯ˣҲȥһȹ̨ס

Ժɵˣƺڹǵһ֪ŷģ



ٴδĿֻƾԼĸоϹߣΪ˱ԼȻҲ·Ļһ·¼Ǻš

֪ǣԺӱ㾪˸İһʱ佫Ϣ޷磬ʱ鷿У޷ʵүһĳ鷿ˣҡ

ϵ糺̧ͷĿ⵭Ķ޷

һ·˼Ǻš޷̧糺˵Ķһһʮ

ţҡҷ£糺бʣ΢΢üͷһ·¼Ǻţ

ǡ

˶ϰ֮ˣȻһ࣬˵ţ洫ϡýŲ糺Ȼʾ⣬޷ѸٵĴ˷е鷿˲ڰС

˳С·Ҳ֪ԼĶˣû뵽ȹת˰Ҳûŷںδڼ仹һӵĻڲݴе˺һ

ҪǱ֣Ȼҹ͵͵ܳҳԵģ˵ȥЦ

ߵ鷿棬һۣ֪ﲻŷֻתѰȥˡ

鷿е޷ôҲ벻սŵҹ͵͵鷿صز˵һ۱תͷ뿪ˣ˭˹ƶ޷⡣

糺ͻȻԼλ޷Ը档

ǡ

޷ӵĵĸȥ

֪Լͱ¶٣һ̾һִŵŷڹ򲻸ˣת˰죬ǳɹҵŷϧˣЩģΧŷתһȦҵһûؽĴܳ˳ȷû˲ŷȥˡ

ڽϲ磬ŷﻹһѵʳûбŷűʵһѰζӹаǳһֻռѾȥʱ۷ŹƵĶˮʶڣ֪ﲻǾ֮أúҶռ´˳ȥ

Ȼ͵͵·

治Զ糺Լڴ֮ͥԼŷ͵һֻռ֪Լ¶ôı飬ЦԺ޷߰ɣǵýǶû

ǡ

ŷʱ޷㾪ȵ˵ҹеתƣΪҳԵġ

ʱ޷ĪоԼе㲻һ

ߵɫ֪ʱţʵɫϡһԻõҹ

˻ȥʱϸѲĻ糺Īһ䡰ȥ𴦣ǰȲҪȥˡ޷뿪

һȺ

ռһ·˳ĻصԼԺӣ֯¼˯ţΪ˲ŵƿ˽ȥ

һطǴԼսƷˮռĴģ·뱲ûԹƵģЩζû뵽ŷʦãоԼԺпڸˣ

뵽üЦһ߸Լһˮǣһ߻ΪԼ֪жޡ

ȴ֪һѱص˿һ

11

峿Ժı֯Ӵΰѵϴ꣬ױ̨ǰʱɴ˺üǷ˫ʵĶͭеԼ֯㷢Ū

Сû˯𣿡֯Щ֣ۿԼСһЪϢˣ˵ӦþģôǷ졣

ԣʱᣬͲðֻռˣŪĺҹǵ˯⣬ֱ賿˯š

ţáٻ£ֻܺӦȻתƻƵĶͭеԼʵ֯ôҵͷˣ

֯ûͣµеĶŷ٣˵С㣬ӽ⸮ˡ

ŶձˣǴֹеС㣬˵ˣ뵽

Ͷ˵ţ㴫Ѿͨ

ү˹˵ǰȥһš

ױ̨ǰΪԼһ٣ܿһöݸ֯Ը֪ˣȥү˵Ͼ͵

Ѿȥûоʲô֯һõЦݣѡķ˵С㣬֧յ·̫ū澾֧ʺϡ˵֯´ϻóһ֦



ֻȥ˳ԸѣӰ죿֯΢΢ģҲ˵Щʲô

ǰʱһ·϶ں糺ˣ᲻һɷģ֮ǰսĽǶ㡣

߽ǰʱδִ˵е糺ֻһغļѾӡ

һԳ¹ܼұ߹ȥū˵ҽܵūǸеĹܼңԺʲôֻܷԸұǡ

ĵͷЦܼҲضԺ鷳ܼˡ룬ֿʵүأ

үϾ͹ɡ˵ţ¹ܼұ£Ȼ˵ү˵ˣȳţϾ͹

һǵүһɡڨڨ

µ糺ر߽꣬ˣ⸮Ҳûô෱ĹأǸоͦõģձϾ»ĵһ죬ǰİݺԼݰɡ
Ҳûȶã㴫ι̧ſڣֻ˻Σƽϵ˴Ҳ糺ˡ

糺ģʱЩɻ󣬲֪ΪΣĪЩϤļƵġ

룬ȷԼ糺󣬱Ҳûȥ

үȴк׼ʱԷ

ؿžͺá



еЩļĸоҲ̫˰ɣ΢΢һ㶣ܿͷ¡

ѾΪޣôƺҲûʲôԵĵطֱܲӺ֣Ҳ̫ˣȻǱ衣
ڸ˯Ŀɺã糺ʵ

ЦŻصлүģүĸ˯ĺܺãǾװװӣҲ㣬Ҳҡ

𣬱֪ԼĻɲ뷨Ϸ˿϶Ϊ˹Ļ£Բ޸ˣνٰüĸ̫ãȥ롣

糺ⳡҲ޿κΣ㣬ڴĻྴ޾ͺã£ġ
糺ƺδе˼ͷǾͺá

˵꣬ͻȻð糺Ҳû˵ʲôԹԿʼţ״Ҳͷ׼򵥳Ե㡣

ĪЩΣʱȴ·ʲôͻȻ̧Ŷ糺ǲš

糺ʵôˣ

ûû¡æͷ˲ָ˸ղƽȴζӳ£ڸղţȻΪθо糺ЩϤˣԭŮװӳʱ˾Ȼ

ʱʲôţ

糺ϣָļٺ˵ˣ

ͻȻÿײˣ⾩ôΪƫƫ糺ֱ̫ˣȻ²ס

ǿԼοԼ糺֪ҲѾȥˣûµģ

糺֪ôֻ࣬ʵУڲǷ˲Ͽڣ

ûУֻǸո˱¡ЦŽ͵

糺ͷûټȥ
Ҳһ

ùź󣬵ѾʰӺ˻˱裬׼뿪ԼԺʱ糺ȴֽס
ɻĶ糺ȴų¹ܼҺ¹ܼҡ

䣬һԵĹܼһĴС˵нӹ飬ǰĸϣ糺˿飬ֿ˿

ԣлֱ˵

糺Ǽƣ˵˱ȻˣԺеĴС鷳ˣȻȥ˱κβĵطʱҳ¹ܼҡ

ʱ˹Ըū֪޲ԡ糺˵꣬Ǳߵĳ¹ܼұ˳ƽӻ

ЩľګĽӹ˱һȨ˵Ȩ¿пޣ˼Ҷô˵ˣҲܾܾô˵ҲΨһŮˡ

ʷȨѻŮ˵˵ϵҫȨζԺеĶգ˵ʵЩ糺˼ǲųɻ鲻һգԸֱӽС

лүΣѧŴһЩ񡣡ʾ֯˱ȥҲʾԼ˼Ȼֶų¹ܼ˵ԺҪ鷳ܼˡ
ܰūš¹ܼҲӦ

»ĵһϱôȥˣŸ˱صԼӡ

ڳէҲģ֯ĥϣ̯ص˱׼ȿ

˵֮ǰϷҵȷʵ̻˱Ȼڿе㿴һЩп

֯˵½û˱ôࡣ°˵۾ˣճɻ˱ϰҳ

֯ҲЩֻ֪Լӳ⸮ϵŮӣ㲻ˣСǿˣҲһ£С㲻طϡ

ȷʵȥˣſûʱ䣬ֱֲ˵ҪĽ֯ĥȥš

룬о糺֮ԸôɴĸȨ϶ǹģ̫ĥˡ

֯ˣֻʣһʱ㳹׷͵͵óԼĻζĿ˱ʲôģ˰ɡ

ʱˣ׼𻰱ʱͻȻһöǩ˺һŰֽʵ˵ĥ

뵽ʲôæֽϻһֻɫСڹ꣬һš
Сڹ·д֣糺

ǩ˴δ͸ĥĵͷ



12

ల˼գģҲû֪ĵ˵˵ÿղ⿴˱ǿԼ͵͵ѹ׵Ļ

ĺãů磬֯׼úùټ˳Ϥһ·ȻԼڸ·ɾˡ

С㣬ǴСɡ֯һǳɫ˵˵紺ѹȥǵעЩֲ䲻ȵļȾϷ纮ˡ
ģִ֯ҪҲ͵ͷʾͬ⣺ȰŰɣǷϡ

˵ŽûãȴҲûʲô޵ĵطһ·滨ʯСЩģһʱ档

һͻȻһŹڲԶ£Ĵȣ׼ʲôȴǰԺſмְ

֣Ǻδͣ½ŲתɻĶʵ

һʼˣ޽糺չĺ⽫͵Ժӡ

ԣæصүƽĵطūҲ֪ƽүûҲ˿


ЩȣϾ뵽糺ȡ

Ҳܹȥ𣿡ʵ

ֵıЩΪѣŵүδ˵ȥԺү˵һ

ʵж棬ûҲȥ糺뵽һ֪ΪΣЩζԭҲǹ¶ˡ

ˡЦŶָ֣ǿŲ֪Ĺ͵ҾǼǶпŲĹʲôӰˡ

˳ȥȻ˵үǰԹģ˲Ÿտʼƣ컹Щء

ԭˣǵⶫСʱԹһΣʲôζѾǵò̫ˡ

ͷʾ֪ˣȥ𴦹ɡ˵꣬ת뿪

԰һСĺûõԭ򣬺вδװεĶˮҲûϼƽĺ浹ǿЩ⡣

ĵΧź˰ȦŷǰиͤӣиӰ⣬̧΢˵΢΢۾ͤȥ

ֻ糺һۣȻһٿһ£ǳ˲ע˰ɣȴʱͤбͻȻ̧Ƶöߡ



µסӣŵҪҪȥкǱߵ޷粻֪ʱѾ˹΢΢үȥ

ղߵĻܰοԼ񲻺ãû糺ȴ߲ˣֻεĸ޷˹ȥ
ʵǺ糺ֻɻĴһƶĹİЩΡ
ţΡ

˺֯޷ǱʶȤͣͤţһȹ߽ͤУϵ˵ү

߹糺е飬˵ˣɡ

Ǿʹүˡףʯϣÿն˴ɨʯҲǸɾҲһ˿ҳúֱֱ糺

룬үԼⰲݵĿãҪ㿴նΣ

糺֪²۵ʵô³

˵ӿ˱Щˣãڸ⿴ǣûʲô˱

ԣ糺źۼЦЦǵఢˣ֮£Ҳز֮Ҳû˻˵Щʲô

⻰΢΢˳ǣʲôʱ֮ˣô˵ϽȨƵġ

ͷӦˣȻ糺ոտ飬תƻүڿʲô飿

䣬糺΢ƺûϵôʣܿ㽫̯鷭¶˵ıʷɶ

ҡͷһŮû¶ʱ࿴ȤĻ

ǰ£ɷҶΣ糺˵ŽϵġıʷݹĿбӵĶ

ЩȻҲûоܾĬĬⱾıʷ˳Ŷ˼Σ֣һʼΪֿζȨı飬һһεƧ֣˱޷ݡ

˼κŷⱾͦ˼ģȻȷʵڽһЩȨı֮ȴһЩʵСģֿԼСĸо
ŹºĲʱ糺Ȼִӻн˻ȥ̧

糺ıʷϣɻ񣬽͵鲻̫ܶãȻȻɤӻƵܣϲԴȥ

ոջ

ϲԣӦǾлүĺ⣬һᾡ컹үġ

糺ûٿڣµΣڲԵĺϡ

ⲻ֪ʱ͵͵ͤУճϣ̫ůĪЩ㱣ſϣڸ첲ϣҲںϡ

ү̫𣿡ͻȻ˵

ԣǰ糺ͷ㿴ſϣɫⲻƫеĴϣֻè

ûע⵽ߣǳů£һлһƺǿԽͤϳȺĽͤбͶʳǱĺɻյԺƮźɻ㣬ȻˣԻŴժԣ

˵꣬Ծᣬ·Ѿŵɻһ㣬˫ۣȴǰ糺Ҳ֪Щʲô

˲񣬺֪ķԼ˵Щֱ࣬ûʲôأټģզզԼ

Ǹ糺ͼ͵ү⣬Ҿһ˵û˼

ɺûֻջߡ
תȥһԼԴĿջʱͻȻʲôһ㶣˳ŹȥĿұߵü¡

һСϸĺۼʲôĵлµİ̺ۣǲϸһ㲻֣ᷢȻСĿԺԣȴ۾ǰƫһ㡭

ĪĿеµĻţɢſϣǵ̳

糺ƽĺ࣬ٴת˵

ȻֹֻſϣԴԼĸ첲ϣ¶һΰĲ֪ʱѾ˯ˣ£΢ǰ鷢

ƺ˯ĲԴһƿ糺æǰҪԴʱߴһŴ

૵ĺ

塭糡

13

ת۱㵽˻ŵӣһ㱻֯׼

Сǰүջ֮£֯һ߰ŷ٣һ߿ŵ

һɴ۾ȻŶ֯йˡŵ׼˵šҰοû£үҲǵģԸһȥҲ޷һˡҲû¡

ԣ֯ʱˣƺֺɸֵĸо˵С㣬ôûأŶһճ޵Ů˵һ£үδԲ˵һ˻ţҪô˵С㰡

˵ţͻȻҴ˽ū澼үѯ׼ˣѾš

̧һ٣ܿӦˣ͹ȥ

һԸջȻ֯ҲʱϲȻѸٰӣױ̨ǰС㡣

һ˳ȥںͻȻס֯ѾޣԺҪֱӺٺС㡯֣ĵȥˣ𺦵ľף

ǣлֽ̻壡֯æֵ̿ӦôꡰС㡱һʱȷʵ¡

Ӹгʱ㷢糺ѾˣԱߵ޷糯ͷ

֯ĲԼʱ糺㴫Ŀ⣬Ц£΢΢ͷʾү

ܿ㶯кһʱúֻܰĹҲٳ

˰·ֱߵĸоͷΣΪôĹ򣬲оʲôģһԵ糺ֳ̧ŰԴƤװĿӡ

޷磬㣬ʱ磬ż糺ͻȻ˵

˵꣬һˮݵԣҪȵˮ𣿡

˫ۣöĿ⣬зǰĹ⡣

лܿ㷴Ӧֽӹˮ糺ͷȥ

Ҳ׼쾸ӭӣ糺һǱһЦݵӭ

£һ·ˣ˵ſ׻

쾸Ҳ΢΢񣺡£

糺δ˵ϺǴкת׼֣֯׼ʱĶæʶȤˡ

̧糺ǰ֣ĿתҲúһʱסˣΡ

û˼עǶ˵Σǰе֣ڳڱ߽ԭֲֻǰ𪣬ȴӲʵɫ޳ָǽڷһ룬㽫Լַȥ

ֻǺصļӣֲڵЩˣȴӣץĪõİ

糺ɿ֣תο˵ˡ

ƺع⿴˿ȹڵȻæЦŵү˵Цˣǽȥ˵ɣ

һ˽ţȺϷ˴кʱ磬δŵʱ㱻ˣ糺ڴ˵

֮ǰסԺ˵ѾϷ»ֵ𴦳ˣһȥݼһȥԺӡ

ˣһľϲæ£˵֪ŵӣһ

ЦŴӻͳһСӣݸĸף

ﵹҲ⣬ЦŽӹ⿴˼۱ڻУȻһЩЦһһš

˵һᣬе˶ȥЩɻ󣬲Ҳܿ죬ֻʣǶˡ

ͻȻĿС͡Բ𣿡

⻰ʵʱЩ̬룬ģװһߵģͷ

õشЦץĵģЩ̾ͺãүɺãеźĻп洫ǰ㣬һ檶û

ĸ׷ģסĺóԵĺãүҲҺܺãδ˵۾ο˵ʵڻ糺ȷʵܺˡ

ͷҲûڼ׷ʡ

Ϊȥˣȴƺ뵽ʲôٴγʵе񡭡үðæ𣿡

֪ǵӦ¶үһЩСȻ

˵Ķ࣬ʵŮ˵˵ĳ谮УЩ»ǵԼȥա￴ţȻЩĳ˵

ĸ׷ģ׵ġ

֪úץסȨԺΣܸԼһ·

֪ΪΣоЩµĻţʵԺҲûʲô㡣ԺӣֱȥˣԼԺгŸ㣬ֱ߹ȥ¡

彫ҧһĸ£Ȥǰɫô󣬹Ȼ˾ǲһҿ˵ղԷµ

ԣɵȻеĸ㣬û˵ʲô

˵ˣ˶һ˸㣬ҲƵĶ豭һڲˮ
Ĺĵģ岻Ц˺˲˵ˣ˭ǰƤأôпɻסĹߣ

й߲ߣֲǲ֪ҲܺܿӦġ̾˿һģİ˻ȥԼ´յһµģҧһڡ

νļԼİ㣬һڳȥʵô̾ôίˣ

㿴ǻί𣿡˵

ȡӣ˲ǲŵǵǣǰɲίӣ˭۸㣬϶ҲǵĻȥģ⻰ˣұ˵ţȴˣ

Ҫ˵ʲôûô⡣

ҾлǾ͵һ㣬Ҫ֮ǰڹ⣬û͵͵ȥʲôġ建˵

⣬ôˣ㲻ҲҪ˵ΪѾˣҪúùһʰµĴҹ㣬Ŷ֪

ʲôأݰּһ˽㣬һѵĹˡ

ΪΣ
ô໰׿Ϲսͳӵˣһ˵ڸһЩǰ͵͵ţ֪Լӣĵһ͵

ԣʱɴ˫ۣһ㵵ƺ˵Щʲôȴһʱںģ

ҲµʲôС㲻Ѿ

ûУæҡͷʲôأҳɻżգ·û죬ġʱ͵ܳȥ

ģԲš
ģ

ЩᣬȻû͵͵ȥ»֮ҹգ͵͵ȥŷ͵һֻռ

ȥʱһ·üθѲߵĻռŷʱһ·쳣˳ĻصԼԺӡ

ʱԿ϶֮£糺֪ġ

ڹù֮糺׼ظˡ

Уʱ˼۱Ŀе糺΢΢Σ΢΢¶ÿһͷںڵķ˿ڼͷ

ʲô˵

ϵͻȻڣ˫ۻײߡ

ͻһתͷ˶񣬲ӦûûУүˡ

ѵҪֱ֪Ұҹ͵

Ȼװһʲô֪ģҲȥƣѾˣ͵ƪˡ

صԼԺӺԽԺǺ糺ٽӴĺã֯Ը֯յ˱ѾԺˣȥүĿ˱Ǳϡ

ǣ֯Ӧ߹ȥЩҵ˱ʰһ£׼ߣĶ𣿡

֯ʶ֣Բʵ

һߺŲѹصţǵġ

ܿ֯һе˱͵糺鷿

ʱ뿴ԼĻûҵֻ֯֯㿴ǰһֱĻ𣿡

֯ҡҡͷ

԰ҼǵϴοԺͷϰô᲻ˣһߵѰţһ

ʱ֯ͻȻ˵᲻ǽ˱ˣ

ͻȻеתͷʣղ˵ʲô

֯æµͷ֯ˣʰ˱ʱˣ𷣣

һ˲˶Ӳɢ񣬷·˶һ㡣

ǵûĻֻǩӦûڻ

14

侲ƺ뵽ʲôæ֯ˣүǲǴӹûñȥˣڻδظ

ū澺˱ȥʱүȷʵȥˡ֯䲻֪ԼΪνһʵͷ

õ϶Ļشжʱöע⣬ڳ糺δظÿȥû

˼˴Ѹһݣǵ鷿ȥǰ֯һСѾȥſ糺ͻȻ

鷿ԺӲԶϿ֯鷿ǰ֮еֱվ

ڲԶһڣһǰ



ͷ͵ǻù˱Ҳеط˴󣬱ûͷȥ޸һ£͹үĿ

䣬һۣûļڣ˵ôҲȥ

ңæͷ

ʱ䣬Ҳ뾡ûԼĻʱ糺ǾͲðˣҲٶ˵ЩʲôֱӵˣǲҽȥĻǽȥҰѽ˱óҲС

һ£ұߵĻֱӰƿţ

û뵽ǻɴȥûü룬ֱӿ粽ֱ߽鷿

һν鷿鷿ǾÿۡҪĵط֮ǰĹ鷿ٲ֮ʱл֣û¼ȥ

鷿岻Ǻֻܴмܺһӣʱж쳣İȥ˲֯˱úδֻĴĿѰš

תһȦϲδ֮ǰ˱ֱӳǱ߹ȥܿ㷢ķϵ˱˱мǱ΢С˵Ļ

ʱһϲ첽ǰе˱±ת׼뿪ʱȴ洴֯С

ū澼ү

鷿⣬糺֯ϣתֿ鷿Ȼ󿪿ʵ棿

֯оԼ඼ˣҲ֪ղŵԼûֻٴ΢΢صǡ

õش糺Ҳδ˵Щʲôֱ̧ʾ޷Σ˱ֱ߽鷿

糺սȥײ˱׼ƺ⣬ֻǷǳƽĿڣү

ǣ糺ֱϣ˫ȻĽ棬Ŀϵ˱ʵ

ЦЦ͵ŶùүĿ˱̫Ĵˣ֮˻в֮ûȥ

ԣ糺ǲûиеɻֻ̧ɵһС⵹Ҳ޷αһˡ

֪⻰̽밲˱ǲˣ뵽Ͽ¶һεЦ˵ʵ˱ûʲô⣬ֻ֮ǰһֱĻˣүЦ

˵ţճһֻ׼ֽмĻȴŪɳ׾һʱûסе˱ֱӵڵϣҵĽš

û°ɣ糺ʵ

һĹҲֻҡҡͷûû¡

˵꣬ͷһص˱ʱ÷ԼĻ糺ű߸ʱģȴ鵭Ŀڣ˼

޷糺ҲԼűߵĻҲû룬ֱ׼ȥ

ȥԼĻæʱѸٶȥ

糺δüջָ֣΢΢ֱһ¶һʱ΢

ȫ˼ڻϣδע⵽糺ڹԼʱ㲻һȴʱһǩӻл糺δջصϡ



ϵǩĴ糺عû⣬ֻƳһۣȴ滭һֻСڹ꣬滹дż֣ڶһ㿴糺ֱͦͦСڹ½ǡ



ڿǩ糺У֪ӲˣֻľګվĿ

糺ƺЩŵĶǩ˺ü̧ۣĿʵʲô

ôأЦţүˡ˰ɣⶼֱӺˣ

Ǻ⣿糺ٴξǩ

ʵҲ֪ôŻǸϽǩûٽ̧ͣ׼ǰȴϽֱӿҵ˱ʱһӲǰ˹ȥ



ſ糺Ļµ̧ͷĿײӣһ˲䣬ܸܵ¶ȣĴĶͷ

Ȼ

15

֯鷿д죬Ų̽̽ԴԼСǵүΪһѺ

ܿ㿴һֱֻŻֻȴһǩ鷿дǵ˳ԭúõķеɢһֱͷ·ܵίһ㡣

֯عæǰʵ

û˵꣬ˣһ߽ݸ֯һ˵ǻȥ

ƽȴ͸©˿˿ŭ

֯ҲҶʣֻøӭĲԺӡ

ʵǺȴԼΪ³çҲ֪ôͱ״ڴ֮ǰƽ͵ĺ糺ྴǿ糺Ҹطȥ

֮ǰЩϣÿ˵Ļе龰ʱǺˣķԼϣʱоγʣ

Īٴ𣬸ղһʱûӦǰſ糺ϣĿ͵Ķ˹ʱķ֫

û°ɣˤˣ˰죬糺ųʵ

˵ʱȵϢӭĺϢ䶼İζ

δµоʱԴ·ֹͣתһ㣬ʹſϣ˫ֽӲĴļ򣬾ʧ˻һ

Ҳ֪˶òڻػ꣬Ѹٴ糺Ļ̧ʱöϺ޷硭ǳӵҲûֱһǹ糺еǩһ䡰˼үһ£Ȼȥˣתֱӳ鷿

ͻȻоЩȣæģҡҡͷûµģҪѣ

ںֹֻ֯ȴ˵Щʲôɳʵ˵ʲô

ǰڰ֣Ȼֳ˳½̧ͷЦ˵ûû£Ǹоոȣ˵˰߰ǸϽȥɣ

˵꣬㲻ɼӿ˽Ų

֯㶵죬紺չѣĶˣôûоҲû̫࣬ѾԶˣæŻȥ

鷿С

糺үĳĶӵıɺЦһÿĻȣ˻ջ߶޷ԸЩ˱ʰãϡ

޷翴Լү¶Ц⣬֪ĸоʲôºһˡ

գĴԼУ³糺˹˵ȥһţͳͳ岻ˡ

һȥ֯㷢˲ԣΪҪһֱү

⻰ʵʱһ֯糺Ҳ֪ģȻⲻʲô֮ƣյ±εĲ֪˵ʲôá

ҲǶүֻǲһΧţҲ֪ϲЩڣΪĲö˻ġ֯͵ǰοҲǰοԼ

֯ڲ˵Щʲôˡ

գţһ֮ǰ糺ĶõġıʷζĿʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲһȺѾ˵

ɻĽе£²ǺʱſڱһɫӰһŮޣһɫԲԲСĽԭףһݱĴţɩأ
Ůޣ

Ĵǰ˳ʱֺ֯һǰһҲ˽ֶŮ޽˵ҵʮĹӴɲĵط

ԣʮĹƺЩཱུС֣˵ֻɩѣֲʲô˵꣬ת涢´һʵǼ޸ֵˣ

ֺʮĹ֪Ů޵ݡ

ʮĹҲ糺һĸͬ۵ĵã˵ǰʱѲķһһҹʱ䣬˳Σĳ谮

˼˴ͻȻ뵽ʱ糺ȥر߽ûá

ô˵ûõӦʮĹٴοʵ

ŻЦЦŲ߹ȥ˵ʮĹ˵£Ҳ⸮ۡˣҼ޵ı

æǰ΢΢͵ūʮĹү棬үеҪ죬ԸūʮĹڸй䣬ȴʮͻȻҪūҲס

ʵʮĹҪҲûʲôֻүԸ˵岻ʣû²ҪȥţԲ

޷ûµġû⣬ְڰ֣ʮĹǰ¡

ʮĹӿʼ۾һֱճϣҲûֵĻڵõشſʵǱɩˣ

Цŵͷ

˵꣬ʮĹΧתһȦ˼ģʱ̿ôʮĹɩɻ⣿

͡͡ʮĹͣ½Ų֧֧Ĳ֪ô˵Ȼüͷǳһϱĸ֣Ļֿˣ



Цһֱ˵ʮĹΪʸ谮Ժǽݣۼȴɰ

ЦʲôʮĹĵ

Ҳôã

ʮĹɫźЩͷߣǡ

µͻȻоʮĹɰһᣬԸһԵ֯֯ȥŵĹ

ǣ

֯ȥˣֻʣ˺֡

ʮĹȥõģʱ˵Եģ㣬ϲһ֣

⻰ʵһ㶡

ּˣæڣʮĹ⻰ʲã

ôʲáʮĹŷּȻԥ˵㲻ϲһ֣

Ǻ⣬û뵽ʮĹͻȻ̧ʣʮĹ֪ʲôϲ𣿡

⻰ɹѵʮĹԥſڣǲϲһ֣



ڵСô

ʮĹûã糺Ѱ˹

֣
һһ߰ʮĹЦű˹ȥ

糺װѵģôɩˣǲֵˣ˵̧鷳չˣ

ҲûеңʮĹίƲ졣

ʮĹôһ֣֮ǰΣӵվӦү˵ЦˣʮĹôɰĻᵷҰ

㰡糺Ĵ˴СԴ

糺΢΢һ㶣һμ¶º͵Цݡ
ʮĹĵٴκ糺ڴţյĲɫҲǸķʢӦоУžͺʳ

ԵĺúõģʮĹͻȻ糺ʵ֣ܻһɩ𣿡

޲ʳ˵ʲôأ糺¿ӣ΢ѵ

豭ûʲôϾӸղŵĻо֪糺ΪҪˣԼɩǵһμҲ

ɡǣʮĹͻȻеίϲȴϲ֣Ҳϲ

ۣ

һڲˮ˳ȥ

16

ȿȣ

ͻȻǺˣʱתͷһصĲˮֱһӲϣҲóˡ

ں֯״æǰݹеӣȻ˳˳󱳡

ֽӹ죬һڲ̧ͷ˫вȾһ뵡

糺֪ʱѾιˣȻĽӹлδüµĲ豭еʵû°ɣ

ǰŴӰһ룬תڰ˵лүģûµģǺ˶ѡ

糺û£ԼתλصԭλãֽĿұʮĹϣ˵˭˵Щģ

ʮĹÿӴ˴ǰһ㣬صǰǲϲ㣬ûлشң㿴ֻǺˮǺˣֱѵϲ𣿡

糺ɿһúһ룬ֲ΢ջߣȻſڣˣ˶ҪˣϽŰɣ

˵СĻԸţƺ뵽ʲôԽ˵Խߣָ糺ߵϴҺˮǺˣֻһ



ûã޷糺˵Щʲôɵδκα仯Ҳ֪Ǻ¡

ƽȻعɣҽЩҪҲ㡣糺ʮĹ͵

ƽʮĹĳƺš

Ҫʺò״ӦҳһˣҲŲҪôͻȥʮĹȻܳ裬һֱڹȴҲ͸ȻԸôȥ

糺ƺЩͷۣƽҲ֪϶ԸװݣȷʵЩҪֻõҲ쵽ˣʹСӣöЩˡ

⻰ʮĹˣӵĹĵķʹСˣûһҪ档˵źȻ㽫ĿһԳϣҲԺ棡

ո뾿Ƿ˺£˵糺ҲǸɢүҲϳż£

ʲôͻȻϣһʱЩûӦ

ʮĹС߹վǰȻҪʹȥ桭

ƽ֣糺״

޷Цſ糺ʾ⣬ȻͷС˵ȥԣҪԼ£ܣҪҵĻ֮ǰظ𣿡

ʵڸдҲͦƵģҲȥ䡣

ҲŲʮĹ붼û׼ܾȴֱ糺ŵ˻ȥϸ룬ǿĵͷðɡ

糺״Ҳû˵ЩʲôٴʮĹҪº󣬽޷һ˳ˡ

⻻һѣʮĹŸеȥˣڳУѵóһˣСӸղűһֱ˷ܵĲˡ

ԴĴϣЩЦٴʵƽո˵ɶסˣ

֪ʮĹתԴЩͷڣҲ㱩¶ݵģĺˣ

ŵͷ˵ӽ£ҲûǰĿӣǵСΪãûʲôҪʮĹݣ֪ˣҲ֪ᷢ¡

ֵĴϣǣС֯޷ԾĸǺ棬˴ĵҲͨҲû̫ߡ

һ˸ں֯ͻȻһˣǸ˸׳ӣоЩϰߣȴƲסģĿбӵĴ޷硣

޷һɫıһǰɫĽһı鶼ûУ˵ĸо䡣
ʲô

͵䲻ıץ֯æŲߣĴƯ˵Ҳûʲôûûʲô

ʮĹһͷ·ֵҰһ·˸߲ҵĶֻܽĸ

ûãСָһǱǺ«̯ϣ˵ҪϴʡҴ

û⣬СӰԵҲȡһ֦Ǻ«ݸС֯˱ǰӺɰͳǮ

ʮĹһõǺ«ＱҧһۣȻǰţ֪ĵ׸ոС˵λ磬

˵糺գҲǺһģ˵Ҳ糺д˵ġ

֮ǰûϸ룬ƽ糺ʮȥر߽ʱųģ˵һĸۣͬϵҲӦã룬ԼСڰƽ˵糺ðƽĳȴ

˼˴ҲԲ糺һʼվߵģͻȻΪλΪˡ

ˣ

֯

ôˣʵ

Ϊָָ֯ǰʮĹССѾ˺Զˡ

˳ȥǱʮĹ˦ԶæԺе뷨֮ԺѸٸȥ

ûã֯ϱ˴СССʮĹƺͷϣɾȣ뻹һС׼Ϣһ

£ʮĹ˵ޣ֯ĶȻСƵݵĺȥˡ

ûյĹ֯˽ŵĻ˵ˣˣССˣ

ԣæӵæʵô£

֯˵СС˵һ޾ͺãūţū澵˺þöССֻýȥˣȴѾˣ

ʱҲҪʲô£˵糺ҲǣҪ֯ȥѰʱһԵ޷ȴͻȻסǡ

δüɻָ֯޷磬޷ǸʲôϽһСС㣬ǡ

û˵꣬㱻޷ϣ˲صģԤϣӳлһֱиǣڴ˰ĵžͺãְȥȥ

˵꣬޷ת˲ݡ

һ㶣뵽аʮĹʱҲͰģ֯Ըһе㲻ģҲȥ

ǣˡ֯ƺЩһ⡣

˵޷޷ող˵ˣлڰУûµġ

֯ǳȥˡ

ڲеǻǱȽ糺İģӦҲʲô£ƫͷʱͻȻһϤ

ɵ£ҲǺ弴¸³ɻˡ

Դ˽Ĳֻ࣬ԶԶΣⳡϷԸָģǰ㶩˻¡

ֵǣʱ´ż򵥵ıһ·Сģ·ϳһ㣬ȥķҲǱȽƫƧͺܿˡ

豭£Ҳ֪ʲôʹıĸȥ


17

ȺУĿǰ治Զϣ֪ΪΣüͷӸղű㿪ʼͻͻֲõĸо·ʲôҪһ㡣

һ·ʱʱͷȴҲûǰ㾯裬֪ܸ̫һֱ֮ľ룬ԵҲδ֡

²δǣһƫƧԺӣ￴ƿ˽ȥĻܣоЩϤȴһʱ벻Ƿ

ڶûã׼ȥʱǰʻһæ˻ȥĿⲻɽĶ

ܿ½ȥԺǰͣ£ӱһֻÿһ٬ŰɫɴŮӴ

֨һ

Ժ··֪ܺ˵Ĵ򿪴ţĴһ£ƺûʲôԵĵطɴŮӵ½Ժ

Ҳٴαϡ

뿪Ҫȥʱ֪ʱͻȻһֻ֣ס죬ֱ½˻ȥ

֯˽ʮĹزʱ㷢ѲӰΪǸոĶڣһʼҲû룬Ϊʱȥˣǵ˺һɲ˻ʱ㼱ˡ

ȥĶˣôû֯ץ޷ֱۣʵ㲻˵л𣿡

޷Ҳʶ鲻ԣæڵһ£˵꣬Žֳȥˡ

һԵʮĹ㶵Ķ޷ȥıӰ֪ĸоԼ񴳻ˣ֯һϾܿ޳ģӣĴ

޷ܿɫЩأ֯˵𱣻Ļϵˣ

ԣ֯ʱŵĵɴ˫ֻۣоԴСˡһӲ㶼վסˣСߣδ£ϸ룬¶ǰһġ
ҸովͲӦһ˵ģңҵĴ̱֯ڵϣ

޷״ʱͷ۲ѣ龿ǸʲôҶö֪ôѾ˲صĵزأ
Ҳûʱˣֱ˽֯ʮĹ˻ȥȻһ²ݵƹܣ֪˺ºȥķ򣬱Ѹ׷˹ȥ

糺ǱߣҲȥˡ

סϻȥľƴţƺû˼ܿſ֣Ҫ߱㴫һϤ

꣬Ұ

תŴǳɫȹӵ壬ŵĿڣ㣿

峹׷ſͷң
Ȼھ֮УҲܿƽʵ㣬ôҲ

ҲķҵȻ͵͵ģǰôͻȻҸں濴㻹̫ȷϣʱӦ𣿡

֪Ǹ¹ģжʱȻ͵ʮĹģղڲмһģĸġ

Ȼ뵽ԼĻ棬֪Ƿ񿴼ԥŸô˵ոաҼ

ŶϵŮκ̡嵹һµ˵

΢̹Ȼ²ؼ̬ȵ֮Ҳ֮С
κ̣֪Ƕ򸮵С㣬˵黭ͨҲ˾֪Ĳò˫ȫŮӣһϼֻôǸ߰

뵽˴ɺ԰κ̣ôᡭô˽¼棿Ҫ˵˼ǿ϶ŵġ

֣һԼڳİæûüȹӣĵ˵Ҳɣ͵͵ɲΪ׽飬ֶǼһﲻȤ۹ⶼϹκ˼أһ⡣

ͬĵͷ

ߣҹӣֱܵǸԺӵĺ棬ԺӵǺܴƫƧļûʲôԺ浹ҲһЩ

뿪ӵĶ˲δ֣һԶ¥򿪣ʱһѸٹ£ƺΪˣϼѾѪȾ죬ŴڵӰӣӦòͨĻ˵ãʧˡ

ûõķһ˶òסڵӰŭ

𷣣˵ͷٳ

ߵûڿڣ͸˵ıӰȻ˵Ǹ˸˶֪⡣

糺ĹϵƺʹеĲһ糺Ȼ˰Ǵ򲻹Ҳ

ĿⶢǲɹЦݡ



18

ԺƺҲδĶã϶Ҳ˲٣޷ǾһЩŮ֮以ԳĻŵҲоûʲô⣬·Ǿǵĳһ㡣

͵͵۲һɫƽļûʲô仯Ҳͳ׷˵û˿˼˱ϾҲǶ˻ģΣһ¿϶ܲˡ

㣡ǺҪˡ䣬Сĺ

ˣ֮Աǵ˵Ҿ˵⣬κ̵һڷǸڴע⣡

ͬĵͷ˵䣬ԺӵĴѾˣ̽ͷ̽ԵĴˣȷû˺Ŵ˳ȻתԵĶź󷽵κĵ˵κ̷ģǶȻϲǸŵģһȥͺ͸Ż¡

Ǹ˵ʲôţ֣ʱ£ҧгݰһһֵ

ð񣬷·һȼյĳˣƲסȥæοĪ

һŽǻŭѹȥ

κ̲δ¶棬ֻ¹ӻˣĸ֮ý֮ԣκ̲ΪԼ¹Ϊѡ

ԣæԴҡ˹һ㣬ҲӼᶨκ̺γԣԼκֻܵҾͺá

˵һ²ߵ뿪ˡ

ڰ˼״Ҳ׼뿪ʱԺſٴγһӰǸñǣԲܿòֻһ߹󲻷Ľ£һ㲻ͨˡ

ƺЩ΢в²˵ݵʱ򣬻Ժκ̱ɴŰɫɴ˳

ͷˣӿ˵
κվɴ´ղǰ᣺㲻Ҫ֮ԼͺãǸϣһμ

Цɷģɺ͹ⳡ¹ҲôƽˣֻܻȥȿϷá

ˡκ̵

ʱղѾʻӼ״㿪˵뿪ɣһȥǸֻ͵ǽ󣡡

ԣκ̵һ㶣û뵽Ȼ˸ٹҲ£ǰܰãû˵ʲôֱ뿪˴

ӵĻһ䣬㲻ɵľ˾ȻͷǣҲϸ룬ѸתȾܣٶͣһӡ

û崩ǺܿɵȹӣһûעһŲȵԼȹڣһ򣬡䡱һصˤڵء

㣡һԵæǰͼϵ˷㣬û°ɣ

ûû¡ֱۣѵҪӵʱҽʱһĵľۣٴĲȵڵأҡŤҽˣ

æÿȹӣҽŵĽﱾƤʱѾʼˡ

תͷǴǱܹӣ룬ֱӶڵϣ˵㣬ұ㣡

ʱһһĽŲ֪Լ϶ܲˣæƿ˵ңߣ찡

˵ʲôأĿԸԼһ뿪ٴȥͼ

ĽŲԽԽĿĴţͻȻһѲݶⴳߣźĤٶ룬ֱӷȥ㣬ȥǶѲݶһ

շӦ㱻ֱȥˣѸٴӲݶγһռ䣬Ȼ˽ȥѸһѲݶסˡ

ûݶһӰŲҲȻֹڲݶ˲ס

Ӱƺݶ⣬˶ٱ㻺˹岻ɵɴ˫ۣһ̣Ĳݶ㱻ƿͻĹߴ̵Ķĵֱ̧۵ǰ
һ̣֪ǲˣƺĲǽŲʲô

ݶⱻƿҰʱǰֱۻ£Ŀȥ

*

糺ӵ޷Ϣܿ˹޷ʱúͽӿײ档

ĳ֣ƺһҲ⣬һЦϵ糺ȿڵ£ôɣҲﰡ

糺˵
û뵽겻¾Ȼǵñ˵֣ʵΪɱֱվЦⲻ糺˵

糺Ҳٺϻֱӿʵأ

ԣһãӣү˵ʲôʲôˣ˿ûүˣүɲҪ¶ۡ

Ҳʵڶ顣糺̧Ŀ轥䡣

ƺδ⣬룬ŻȻĵ˵Ŷԭүģ˸ոյȷʵڴ˼үƺеѾ뿪ˣ

ԣ糺ûڳǽĿһԵУ޷ȥ

Ļ糺֪٣˼ȻҹǱǲδʲô¡

糺ıӰЦЦȻ֪ȴ죬λЩ򵥰Ȥأ

*

һϤڲݶ㶵Ķųǰ糺һʱЩӦ

ôͻȻ

ɡ糺һֻƵݹȥ͵

Ż񣬲֪ΪΣ糺֣ĪľİղеĿ־·һɨա

ԼִȥӲݶվ뵽һŤŵ壬ָæ˷

û°ɣ糺Ŷʵ

û¡Ӳݶ˳㲻СŤˣж㡣

ʱкǾȣ϶ǲԣ⿴˿ʲô

糺ͷֱӶ޷Ըȥ

ǡ޷Ӧ

ǴȥҽһˣҩŽͻع

е糺˵ǰЩӻ߶㣬ܵίǶˣ

˵ʲôأ֪Ϊö˶˵ô˵

ԹԵЦЦûٶ˵ʲô

㶵»صҲ׷ʱŸоֱϴһ˿ʹɻÿӣŷﾹ֪ʱһСƤѾѪ͸

ȻһԵ糺Ҳˣû˵ֱץס֡

΢̧

糺ת治֪δóһƿҩ˿ڣ׼ҩ
ҲûС˿ڣ糺ʵүô

糺ûСİϺҩ̧˵·



19

һ·ʻĶƽȣҲû֮ǰͷεļ֣糺ҩְһȦһȦİš

Сƺ߳

ǰһ٣Ȼ󻺻Ͻ糺㽫ÿ·󻹲⼸վҪմˮ

ջ֣֪ǲãоʹƺ˲٣Ҳ֪糺ϵʲôҩࡣ

үǴ𣿡΢΢ԴЩЦʵ

ţ糺ƺһʱûӦɻĿ

ЦЦ˵үģһүҽģ

糺һ룬̧һۣƺúЦֵͷԹԵʰҩƿȻݸҩȥÿջһξͺá

лүĺ⣡ӹҩƿǰϸ˳Ųүʲôҩࣿôƺû

糺ģ㿪ڽ͵֮ǰڱ߽ʱģһЩ˿ڻܿͼЧʱŴδսϻʱÿ϶˵˵ͻȻͣƺʶԼ˵Щ࣬ûٳ

Ҳ֪ǻʲôõļ䣬ҲʶȤĲ˵⡣

һʱ䣬øⰲ

ˣ

죬ͻȻʲôæʵƽأûʲô°ɣڸղŷһ飬쵹ǰˡ

û£ѾعˣԼ̰棬𡣡糺˵

ԣŷĵĵͷ뵽ǻ⣬ٴκʵү·

糺̧û

ڨڨĻһ⣺ˣү֪κ׵˭Ҳ֪Ϊʲô϶

糺ƺϵʵ⣬ֱͦϣ˵̫ߵˡ

̫ӣЩȣϸ²κ̲ŻףӶװкøУƻͱɵô˵ĻһеǶǽ͵ͨˣκֽ֮Ը£ΪϺ̫֮Ĺϵ

̫ôǺ⣿ⳡ³ɣӦкܶ෽ģΪƫƫѡκֿ̣糺ʵ

糺Ĭ˰죬ŵһв̫ӵ˼

ţɻĶ⻰е㲻Ǻܶ˵̫ӵôֲ̫ӵ˼ˣ

糺͵Լ˼

ָı֪Ĳ糺˼Ĳŵ

糺ûٳϡ
ҲʶԼʵе࣬Щǻʼ£֪ԽԽãЩ糺ȻһһĻش

ү죬ǽе뷨˵˳үΪԸ˵Щ

䣬糺Ŀ˵Ϊ֪

أص֮б˺ܶ𰸣ȴش

Ϊ֪֪޲ԡ

˶ѣûбɡ

*

һصУ֯Ѷ˳
û°ɣ֯ʵĿⲻػصĴȻū澲ãӦþһ

¼ţЦİοˣⲻû𣿡

ֱ糺֯ĨĨᣬ˵һߡ

˿Ҳû˵ʲô֯صԼԺӣʱɫҲѾˣ򵥵ùź󣬱ϴϴ׼ϢˣʵǸо۵ĲУϯԺĽȥ˯С

鷿С

糺ë׼ʱؿڶʱһʹմīëʱֱϵ䣬صĴڵذϣɫıʼڵѬȾһɫĺۼ

ү޷洫죬ɺ

糺̱ϣ촽ʼףʵûоЩԣؿ֮ǰ˿ڴٴʹûô⣬ȴ˿ںٴθˡ

ѵЦ죬ȴ۵һ仰˵ڣؿڵֲɻ´糺оʶڽɢ

ү

ûõش޷ٴγʵ

Ȼþĵģûа죬޷ʶԣæֱŶ룬ӳıǻϵ糺ؿڵ½ѾʺѪɫȾ

ү

޷һѸǰ溰ˣ

ҹɫףȴһš

Ǳجξѵģ͵شӴĺˮ͸˯ºͱӣͷ㷢Ҳʪģ·Ǹմˮ̳һ㡣

ڴڵĴŻع

Ķűӣμ屻ǸץסˣһЦһֳһѷĽ߹ƴţȴƺôҲãֻĿǰѽ̹һ̣糺ȴͻȻǰǰѽֱֱĴţʱ춼ʺѪϣϣ£Ѫ

뵽̧ԼͼԼѵ㣬ҰοûµģûµģֻǸجζѡ

ʱͻȻһһ죬ֵ˳ȥȴƻͨɻʱ֯ͻȻ漱Ҵҵܻ

״æʵ֯淢˺£

áˣ֯ĵ˵󣬲¿ڣүͻȻεˣ

ʲô֯Ļʱɴ˫ۣЩԼĵĶ䡣

֯ٴν͵˵ү鷿֪ΪͻȻͻ赹ˣ޷Ѿȥҽӹˣүķ

ô᣿ǺúõģôͻȻ赹ˣ

Ҳ룬æ֯Ը죬֯Ҹ£

Ҵ糰ԷʱѾվһѵˣ޷Ҳվǰ¶ǡ

ˣ˷׷ū澼

ûᣬֱ޷߹ȥ

޷

үôˣʵҲûԼǰ㽹

޷绹û˵ű㱻ˣҽ߳޷磬˵үѾûʲôˡ

޷ȴʵүϴڳɻѾһΣŻδһ£Ϊһθ

ԣҽ̾һ͵ү֮ǰ˿ڲδ׵ĸΣ滹ڵ඾˿ڲŻᷴ

޷ĻȴͻȻͻȻɻգϲ糺ʱ㷢ֵʱڷʱֻԸⳡ£ȴΪ˿ڸˡ

θ糺ֱӻ赹ˣͻȻЩᣬɻգʹĲ˵ȴɼֽȥ

޷ҽ˵ʲôȴֱֱ̧߽˷Уһ糺ԷһһŴͷȥ

򻺻ȼţ΢΢£˾

20

ﾲģǰ㳳֣糺Ĵͷ᲻ʹ࣬ϵƺ˯ĺܰȣǳǳĺǾȡ

״һֱڿеĲɶʱ˽Ųŵĸͷĵʱ޷ˡ

޷ڴͷ£һ£Ҳû˵ʲôֱ߹ȥʵ˵صģү඾Ѿҽɾˣ֮Ҳٷ¡

ͷû˵

޷Ҳ⣬˵ûбķԸĻ¾ȥҽͻعС

ȥɡŻͷȻֿһԺŵˣ˵ҲûʲôˣɫҲˣȥЪϢɣүҿžͺá

ǡ޷Ӧתӣ˳ֽҲϡ

һʱ䣬ٴλָƽ

ٴν糺ϣ˵˯˺йоأƽ˫ִڱϣſŲ֪ΪЩЦ

ƤŷĽëƺܳСɨһ㣬һƬӰüͷҲŨܣĺÿ

ֺĵ˵糺üͷϵĶᣬ·ѵˮûʲôӦɰȵ˯š

ǡ

Ҳ֪ôЦƺ³糺æջ죬֪ϰ֮ˣ˯Ӧöѵлôú˯һ

ͷʱɷ˵һԻδɴɴȾ˴ƬѪ޵ĺɫЩۣûľ˸ղԼجΡ

ӵĽ̹ʱ춼糺ʺѪͻȻЩķθæƿԼߣȻȥ֯Щɴ
ֻһͨجζѣ㰲οԼ»ص¡

峿ʱ洫糺ڴ˯Ƶѹ˫̧ۣʱʲôһ£ͷ

ӳĵһСԴٵĳĴͷСԴƺ˯㣬һ£üͷת죬Ȼ˸ĵطٴκ˯

糺ЩЦĶ˯ţ㵥Ҳҹˡ

޷ﴫ֪ү϶ѹˣҲûŶ룬ÿԼүЦôľګ˶ܴү۵ײһƬᡣ

һʱ䣬޷һξԼӦóڵЩΡ

糺û⣬ֻʾһڽӵʾ޷ʱ⣬ѸתȥˣŶ

ȻһȴһҲ֪ɰſڴϳ˯ţ糺ͷ

ͷһûаʱ𴲣糺ЦЦѹͷ׼ץһʱ˯еƺͻȻҪˣջգѸƽɺúۣװһδ˯ѵӡ

ȻҲ֪ԼΪҪװ˯



㶵ĴӴȻһһһ޴ĹǷʶŻһãȻĶǰİĻһʱе㲻Լںδ

ֱĿڴϵ糺ʱļһһԺиֳʱһ飬æԼԺԴȻ֪糺ķ˯ˣ

Щ֪ʱͻȻоǺЩʪ·մˮһ㣬ţеĸо

һ̣ʱ·⵽һɴ˫ۣһŵĶŴԼſ˯ĵطﲻҲȾʪһƬɫĴϸۡ



ͻʵЩôҲû뵽Լ糺Ĵ˯ţһ̲ˮ

ô죿ô죿

ʱҳһ㣬޲Ҹطȥ˭Ҳĺá

ڴϵ糺ǿԼ侲ǳûѹϽɣ

˼˴ĨһԼǲĿˮת׼뿪ڲЩңһŵӵȥ

ۼֿ֣ջδȵӵˣķһ㷢ءһ

ȻеתͷŴϵ糺

װ˯е糺ûʲôʱͻȻ˫ۣȴײһֻŵ



ĪЩ΢

Ȼûüڣ㿴ֱתȹڣһ·ٴ˳ȥӲǷ·Ǽʲô˵Ĺһ㡣

糺

21

ڷ糺ѣ붼תĶӣʱʵû취ֱһʱᶼˣֱجλ£

ӣŵ֯޷綼ȵһŵһ£Ѹƽ飬һ̱һ̹ȻĶ޷˵үѾѹˣȻȥˡ

˵꣬ͷҲصת뿪֯һĵĲӴĸȥ

޷ɻȥıӰɻͷ˺£ôͻȻЩʧĻȥˣ

֪ү

ϵ糺뿪Ŵһ̲ʪʪӡ׹ԵɣʱǿƲסٴδҲ֪ʱ͵͵Ӵ͵͵˽

ӦûǸܺõ

صԼԺӣϴһֱԼĴȻӽԼڵʵʵġ

ôʵȥƻģ֯Ȼܺүﵽ׷˺£˵Ҳֻܲȥ룬״Ҳ˲ʲôæǰȰ˵

˵꣬ӱﴫû£Щˣ֯ȥЪϢɣûµĻҡ

ǵԼȷʵһûô˯ֻ֯òٴȥˡ

ֻʣһ˺ڴӱ¶Դ߷ߵץűӣˣ뵽糺ˮüͷӣ

ʱƺûʶԼĸĲǶˣ糺ôû˯ãŵ˯ˣֱű֯

֯һ߰Ьӣһ߿˵ʱүԹһˣū˵˯үҲû˵ûʲôֻǷԸǲҪ㣬˯һ뿪ˡ

˵꣬ûڴ˵ķӦ̧֯ͷŷеٴκһ

ţŻȻֵͷʾԼˣֻɻô糺Ժָ֮ԹĴʦİɣ

⻰Ҫ糺ˣٴѪڴ϶ã

ļգ·ٴλص˸ճɻЩһ㣬糺ȥţһһˣ˵һЩŵɣǲȥ糺Ҳ޿κΡ

ʱڸԶ糺èһͷߣնóˣʡ

Ҳûչ㳹ͨˣȥչ˵糺һҹ벻Ĵͷ˵ˮʲôµģ

ΪС¶𱨣֤Ժ϶ô̫ƽ

˵Լڶձ֯Ժӣ⼸Ϊ˶糺Ӳ﷢˼Ĵٲɹɹ̫²ǶҪùˡ

ʵ˵ת˸飬Ҳûʲôϡĵطܱһֱˡ

ٴ·԰Ǹʱ𾪵ˣ۾ŵĿһһ飬ķ췭ظĸı䡣

ıֳ֣ߺϲ֪ʱ˺ɻһƬһƬɫźҶļ˺棬ڴʱδʢģɻȫǸմһѣȴҲԺӡ

ͤ򱻵ָԶܿһȺɫĽˮεţò

֯ô£㶵ָԶ֯ʵ

֯Ҳ˿棬Żص˵ǰүŪģΪ˽ŪɺɻأǼյǷ˲ٹ򣬲ʱ춼ԲŲ֪



ղһ˵û뵽糺ϣǰˡѾɺɻصĺ棬֪Լ飬ֻͻȻ

үڻδ֯

֯룬˵ʱүӦϴȥ

û˵ʲôѰżλãȥ

ǸԺӵǰֱվߣ룬βδŲֱ˹ȥ

ȴδ

ͷֱ˽ȥ֯һ˵ǱҲû⣬һ˴һȣԺ

糺ĵطԺеûбװĿտһ۱㿴ϵ糺ʱִ趯Ž޷Žվһԡ

ڴ֮ǰʵ˵Ƿǳ棬糺ҪôۿЩ𺳣ʱη·һһ㣬Ķתǰ㣬ûһΥ͸У·ͱˣ

ûվﾲ轣糺ӦôѾˣҲûͣ£ɼ

չµĵĽӰַϢȴָƮݡ

ݸ޷磬糺˲ͷϵĺˮȻԼ߹ȥĿ⿴ʵôҾת뿪ˣ

ȣ

ԣεĸɿתƻүһ޴ˡ˶٣ּүĸ⻹ǵһμʵһ۸

糺ûҲûȤ˳ĻӵϲĻǿû¾

ǺǣʱġЩڨڨ˵ѵ֪£һǾ棬ڶǾʣٶҲȤˡ

糺һʲôģͷ˵Ӧö̫æ

æлл

ˣ糺ƺʲôֿ˵ϴ˵ǸȤÿԳˣ׼˸һЩȥǲ鷳ˡ

Щû˼άô˵˵ܵˣ

糺ûٳֻǾĿȴԵܸоϢ֪һֱ͵͵ҵˣҾͷĸһЩ

΢壬ǡ˶ô

糺вźۼ¶Ц⣬˵Ҫ𣿡

ҪΪβҪ

ÿֱ˳糺Ļ޷ǿȥߴ֦Ͻ˴ССɫˣϴʱģû뵽ôˡ

鷳ү֯ǽ糺һۣܾûģ

֯Ļɿһū澡ū澲



ŴЦ糺һ򾲵޷ȥѰͣȻҴ򣡡

ö꣡

һ

һԵ糺ƺڿȥˣѵǳԲ꣬ž׻ġ

ƺŻعЩյĻԼôͻȻ˹ȥˣֿ˿糺ɵĽԵɶƵϣ

ţ˵Ĵ



22

ȥʱ糺Σ֯˱˸ں棬ȻҲûɥĲͺˣֻһѡ

ʱֵ⵹ҲЩ˵ۣ߽԰ʯС˲оˬ࣬СխֻݵһǰУҲֻԶԶųһֱߡ

룬Ǿǳɻգ˵ү˿ҲһΣ

糺ƺûϵͻȻ⣬һ²ŵͷšһ

үհõʱ˵ĺܵүǶ˴΢΢ĶҵʱرšΣһ߻һ˵

ԣ糺ƺȤʵǰʱģ

ҰΪʱүΪⳡ£ʥֲּΥԲŰʱԸķȻˣҲûʲôһһʮ˵˳

ۣ

ͻȻһƺŬҲûסЦ

⻰޷ʵûסͷЦĲǹģֻͷһ˻ô˵үү߰ˣү¶쳣ĵ·ûʲôүһüͷʵүģ

ֱ֯͵͵һѣ̧ͷ糺˫˫ͷæվıֱ˲ָǰһޱģ

糺û˵ʲôȴſΣת˹ȥĿתĶʣ˵Ĳ𣿡

޷Ŀǰҡ

ΪλЦʡ

²ԣ𷣣

ڰ֣ʾнЦ˵ûҪ˼ֻÿμ㶼һޱģҼ֯һֱ˵ÿο·ǹ˻ǵĺ޳ͷһؼЦЩϡˣԺǵûҲҪЦЦ

˵ţûϢ֯ͷ׵ˣʱǱģôܵ޷˵֮ǰ͵͵²۵Ļ

ͷԼ򵥵޷絹ûֻ̫࣬⻰Ҳ֪νӣֻܻһǡ㲻

ЦЦҲûڼֻص糺ĺ棬ץμǰţȴѹ糺пһ䣺үû޷Цͦÿġ԰նһޱŪĸжȱů

Ժ޸ԼϲˣһҪԼļӪůĸо濴ƺʵȴġ

ʱƺûʶѾļҡ

Ļ˵꣬ϵ糺ͻȻ޷硣

ҲŴ޷ǡ

ͻһ£ûüҪ˵ΧʮȦ



ǡ޷絹ӦȻת뿪ˡ

㶿ȥıӰɻ糺үǺ⣿ΪͻȻ

糺һƽĻ˾ǴˣܹϢ

ղզ

ˣ޷ҲԼˣզզɣҲö¡
֯ʵΪһѺԼͻȻ޷飬ѵĿүڳĴ

νԹ壬û֯ô˼ֻ糺±Ƚδ롣

糺صʱľΪ˱͵ԽͻҲûˣ׼תȥ

ȴ糺ƺѾ뷨Ȼסܷһæ

ԣЩɻ˰λ糺ѾʳˣҲܾܾǣܰﵽүҵţ֪үҰʲôһ߾ȫ
˰ɣ롣

糺˵ոǣ˿ڣ»һҩ޷ֲڣֻ鷳һһҩ



Ȼ֪ҪҩԸղΪҪ޷磿

˵ˣʱҲ˵ʲôֻôҩͰײȥѾҲʶȤĺܣ׷º󣬻İǹϷš

ǻҩΪʲôּ˵ĸо

ҩͰײ糺һԵϣͷʱΪԼ£ȴɰľګĿ

û취ֻѵүѡ

ԣ糺һȻģȻ쿪˫ۣĿⶨ

ڴ֮ǰһֱΪ糺־˫Ȳ㣬κҲҪΪˣȴ˽¾Ȼ·ҪѣΪ糺æҲǵݸҩʲôģ
Ȼеͬ޷硣

糺Ǹ˵ˣҲ˵ЩʲôչȥҪԭҲʹһº£׵ı㽫°俪糺ҲǸϡ

糺ԭĸĺã϶£Ƿһ˼ŻҩΪ˷ţĪĸоЩ΢ȡ

ȡ

ɿһԺ뷨˦˳ȥֽ⿪֮ǰؿڴİײ˿ȻЩĿģǻָĺܺãҲһ

ϵҩ·˿ڴµİײ°ؿڵλãײҪֱܵ۵ĺ棬΢΢ǰ㣬ĿͻȻ糺ĺ󱳡

кüĵ̣ڹ⻬ӲʵƤԵøϵĶɵһ٣Щ̳

úܽ糺ȻҲǵһʱ䷢Ĳԣ㿪ʵôˣ

ŶûʲôջԼߣеİײ°

ŵˣ糺ʵ

ҡҡͷ·һûûεĵģЦ˵ô᣿үҲ̫С˰ɣȻЩͦģֲϣʲô

糺ҲЦˣ˵¾ͺá

µǲ£ǸоЩᣬ롣

ڻҩһжǳΨһвǰײĽеѿҲܹôЩ꣬û˭ܴҲˡ

糺ŽᣬȻûЦλεЦȴ˵ۣûүǲϲҴĽᣬԼٴǡ

糺ջЦ⣬̧Ŀĺܺÿ



ٴοһԼֱӵĽᣬѾ²ۡ

ʰһ²о֣վֱ壬ӸµĿų˼ײ糺˵ҩˣүԼ𣿡

糺ƺûϵǳ𣬲ЦЦ

ҲԹԵϻδҩת·Żݡ

ʱҲƿˣһС߽糺үˣ

߳Ҳ糺ڣֱ˵ү±ȥæɣȻȥˡ

糺û˵ʲô֯ʹ˻Ժӡ



23

Ҳ֪˵Щʲôкüûڸ糺ˣҲȥǵ¡

ƺڲ֪ĵ٣ԽԽԣбͤӵΧץʳĵιеһȺ

ɫĽˮϵƤķţһȦһȦĲƣܷɢȥˮ£Щۡ

һʳȥϲм׼ȥ֯ϰΪ߹ݹһӸ֡

ܵԼûʵģ֯Ƶ󣬻ż˵մ£з۱ɸºСĻ¡

Ŷ˵£֮£ʵǷʲô
֯ͷ˵˵ǰΪ˵ԸСɻ飬ɴ˱㣬ڳɻ֮ǰ̤һȻǲģ⼸ԼҸ˲ټɹ¡

֯ĻûôȣϾ״Ҳϣôǲģе㵣壺ǱأʲôϢ

֯룬˵СǱߵûʲôϢ˵ձɴȥ˹һˣ˵˲񡣡

ʵףⳡ¹ͱ˫ǶȻɿڵģ˽⣬ҲԹġ

ĳʱʧ˼յ糺Ȼ֪ð޷ͤʱע⵽

ʲôأ糺ûϣʵ

ϤŻ̧ϵ糺΢΢գ۵Ļصүʱܴҳȥүæĳ鲻һ˳ȥҲãմʵȤ

ԣ糺΢΢Ц⣬˵ţֻҪͳ¹ܼ˵һãҲûư˼

⻰˵㶣ϸ룬ɻ糺ȷʵû˵ŵĻȫԼȦסԼ˼룬Ϊɻ㲻

ǲС糺ҲչһƬӰ͵Ҫһȥһ˹硣

䣬ѩȷʵÿĵʱһʱ

һ糺ɫɻ⣬ʣǲȥ

ҡҡͷÿ궼ŹȥҲûʲô޷ųԳԺȺȣʱнĿԿ

գ糺׼ʱܳԣһ·еĻ·ʱͻȻŵһɺÿڵӣĿ⿴档

һ̼ձԶܿձӵĽƣһر࣬ʱöӶòС
ôˣ糺Ե

ŷеӣԴ˻ת糺һ޹˵үҶˣձ

糺

ϳ޷ְʱ洫Լү޷磬ͣ¡

Ȼ⣬޷绹קסͣ¡

ȥձٴδ糺

޷磺

ǲǸùŲų

ʻ棬ҧһлðձʱǻһĵͷ

ע⵽һ糺Ŀʱһ£ȻŵʵүҪ𣿡

˵꣬糺ϵҡҡͷ

ЩܾУڲ˶ԶЩΣҲû˵ʲôԹԵĽձ¶ǡ

ûһɵĲУˮû׼ˮֲ˼ٴκ糺˵ֻðʱʱʶһ촽

ЩС糺һһ΢΢һЦҡҡͷתİóһˮһˮݹȥ

ǰĲˮ˳ſ糺ɻүõĲˮ

糺ָָİ

һˮû·ʲô󷽷ķﲻ

Ҳֻ²ţϵһЦĽӹˮлллү

˵㽫ˮһˡ

ԱˣǰĴû˵ʲôʹǶԶһûһ㵽˹ſڡ

Ӵӵķ϶ȥ۴αȵ¥̨ǸߴΡ룬ȻЩ㱣е벻ϴνǺʱˡ

ʱǰѾͣ˲μģʹĹرܽ˱ڹǰ׷ЯҾ˴˴к

ҲϰΪôȥ׼ʱȴ޷û˿Ҫͣµ˼һ·ſڣΪǵᱻû뵽û˵ʲô׷˵һԸ·

ɻ糺ʱ洫

˭ҵȻֱӽ
˽͵㶼֪ǿµΪµȲ㣬Ա²Ϊµͨ



˻ʹȻҲεĽߴ糺ƿԴװһµģ

ܾµͨеһ٣·˿һ㣬롣

˻ʹ糺˵Ҫȥ鷿һˣȥУ

ͷ˵޷үȥɡ

糺ٴһ޷뿪ˣ֯ռп·ѩȥ

ѩʱѾвŮѾ棬ʱ仹磬ỹδʼڰݷһţһЩȤ¡

ĳ֣һƬĿ⣬ҲûᣬĴɨһۣµӦûûҲֻһƵ

ѩ΢΢

񡣡ºͣȻֶ֣磬⻹ǰɻһĸ⡣

ǲ䲻ȵģͻȻ飬ЩӦͷĴ

ԣЦˣ˵ˣĸûҪ˼ֻЩп֮ǰǲˣҲɼˡ

ˣҲкþûȥĸˣĸڸпɻãʵ

ص֮ǰĸڸһжãЩĸ
꣬̾˿һЩҳҲһһʵ˵ˣֱǰһǰףأŵ뿪

˺׼ҸϢһʱͻȻһϤӰ

Ƕ򸮵Сκ̡

24

յκһźɫȹóĳͳģʢ⣬Χ˲ٻֹеŮ죬һȺЦ˵ġ

⿴˼۱ûȥ⣬ԹԵһһϢһߵȹеûʲôʣ˵⾩ǵСǣĲʶ˵һ̸

֪ΪΣܾһ˫۾һֱĬĬԼ˵ĳ˲ٺĿ⣬ЩĿ´һ㶼ջȥˡ

룬װһͷȲģ۽ǵȴĴѰţһ߽ʯԣһӰȻߡ

һλŮӣҲ֪ļҵŮ죬ŽһͷںڵĳҪΪļҹˡ

һֱʱʱ⿴˼ۣһ±һµģ豭ŻϣѹԵ֯ʵ֯Ǳߵ˭

ԺѰһʵڶûʲôӡȷʵǲʶ˵ģˡ

֯˹ȥ˺ðſڣū澿ǽĴС褾ʵҲ̫ȷҲֻǼ褾һѡ
褾

ֵе죬ŬѰԺеļ䣬ȷʵôһˣĳ褾Сͨ˵ǽüȫţΪҲһ㶼ϲֱֱ

ӣ㲻ϲüױһ·þеĴҹ㶼ԶԶġ

뵽һЩɻ褾ӦòʶĲŶԣΪλһֱ

Ȼɻ󣬵ܸовûж⣬Ҳȥˣһֱ㶢ҲЩֻö֯Ը֯ڵţˣңҳȥߡ

֯ĵǣһô

û£ҾѩߣߺԶģһ֯Ļſĺת뿪

ѩźС˹䣬ʱǰĴһȺˣȻҲȥ֣ǴҶѩţ涼ǸļžҲһӰ

ʱоˬһƬС֣滹һ峺СϪ˷·ɽһ㣬ʵһһһ

ʱͻȻһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲźڿٱһ̧ɻԶԶۿȥϥǾͻȻʲôײһ¡


Ž±㴫æͷȥ㷢ֽűǸĺӣӦǸղ̫ܵ죬Բײȵˣ룬Ѹٶ½

˭ҵҵ·Ҫʮ壡

սСֵĿں

·ʱ֪ⲻ֪ǹλӣͣĻɺЦʵСӿĪҪԩңվﶯûԼײġ

ҡҲܣСὲɷ˵Ķ

Ҫ˵ǱִѾǵﺰšʮӡֿ˿ǰС㣬Ҳǵʮࡣ

ĴԽԽʱˣæܵһԼɽɽƺ뵽ˣܳϽӽȥ

ôư͵ɽܹܿһȺѾӣææĴţﻹࡣ

ɽֻܰţû˵ǰװ׺ݵģвҪҳҾøնԴ

Ȼᱻסһֻ򦣬һֻȥ˵Ķͷ˵ײ˲˵ϽҪҪҵԴ

ʱѾҲѾ˹ȥӦûûԶɲҳȥΪסˣͷ˵ֻҪӻῼǷŹģ

ۡ
ԣЦ

㡭ƺһæͼ죬棬ȷѾûųһ

ƺ˵Ȼҡ


û˵꣬ȻӴʱԼҪ˵ʲôίŶӣΪ˶Щ˶ûʱԹ

Ц⣬ʵ𣿡
̧һ˫ˮ۾ίȻֵͷ

ͳŵĸ㣬⻹ղѩõģҲ֪ʱʼԼǶˣӣóˡ

Ҫ𣿡̯ʵ

еĸ㣬ȴֲͷ˵ǲԵĻҾԼˣ˵̧㻺ͣƺʲôֺĵ˵˵ֻôһ㣬ˡ

û˵ۣϵĸ㱻Ѹٵ˹ȥץŸ̻ţʱʱ͵

һ̿һֱ㶼ˣ˵߰ɣӦԶǵĳȥˡ

ǳ˵Ķ൹û˵ʲôԹԵĸɽ˳Ȼſ˵ӿݣξˣҪҰѽ˵ȥӿ϶Ĳģ
Ĳ˭أ

Ļ˵꣬˱㱻ֱӴӺһæƴţﻹ̺ݻ󵨣Ҫ

˵ݺʱȻֹ

Ҳոյעһֱ࣬ûעʲôʱߵġ

̫ӻ֡ôˣ૵

⻰׾ˣ˾Ȼ̫糺⣬֮ǰֻԶԶ̫Ӽ棬Իû
μ̫ӵ£ܿع糺

糺һº͵Ŀ˵ʮûʲô鷳ɣ

֪ΪΣĪĸоԴɻͻȻ֮˶ʶһ㡣

̫ӻ֣ô鷳ڰеæԼ⵽

Ҳӵ̫ӵ˵Цˣʮôɰʲô鷳

糺ŽĶͷ˵㻹û鷳ӿβ˵ǵ㣡

಻˵ˣͷһίͰ͵ӡ

ʱղȺѾֻˣæ˹糺ҲֱֽǣĿ±ץȥ

ʶȤվһԵ͸ˡ
һʱ䣬СٴֻʣǶˣЩ

أ糺ʵ

ͷصүȥ밲ˡ

糺ͷЦ˵ؾнѼ޸ܣԺҲһˡ

㶵ĵͷ֮ǰһֱΪ糺ǸĻصˣ˵ĸоȴ·һºͣ˿ֻǱӵĸо

أ֮£ʱɻ

25׽棩

»صѩʱѾˣҲ֯ҲЩûȻҪ˵һỰ

ûٴθԼϵĿ⣬һ߿ȥ褾ɻƺδ뿪

ֻö˵㣬֪褾𣿡
褾ͷ֪ǽĴС˻һ㶼ѣӲڱˣһЩСôˣͻȻ

ԣֻý͵֪ΪΣܸоһֱϣҺǺģӦúûκνš

䣬һԵͻȻ͵һĴȣһȻĵӣæ˵ҵˣ褾Сϲ£ڱ߽սպʱǸӵĳݣһ˵֮Ի赶ŪȫΪҲеΪĹϵ

ôҲû뵽
Ҳõģ֪ҲһԸˣ˵ҲֻΪ㰵ôˣɷġģæ˵

ȻҲ֪ģֵֹֹֻܾĸоٴ褾ȥöĿ⣬˫һ㶣褾Ǻܿ췴Ӧ΢΢һЦĵͷǴкҲֻܸЦŵͷ

Ҳûر£Ҳûٶ˵ˣ˼ţûһȻԴѹ˵˰һ£

ʲôɻ
ĿĴ˿ȷΧû˿ʱŶʵ㡭ǲǺһֱ
ţ

˵µģЩżˡ

˶٣תƺ¶˾İ㿪ڣǲһֱڷַ˯

ƺû뵽ͻȻôʣһ²ľګĵͷȻ󲻽ô𣿡

õ϶ĻشʱӶ˹һɸֵĿ۾˵ô㰢³ɻҲһˣҲĥϵĲ˰ɣΪλҪַ˯

εµ˵˰Ҳû˵ȻһֱĬ˰ż˵͡ţҺү֮ǰ黹ͻȻ

壺

ϴ糺ǻʱĿγˮˣһͶھȻǸ鲻

ַ֪֪˯ϢѾȥˣ»ȴҪַ˯֪ھǵСǷ̸жô˵ּ˵

ԣô˵

ſ˵Ŵµ̾˿ε˵룬ڱ߽Żûñɻˣֵ֮Ѫյģ檶ûƫƫʱַַ˯˿϶ڱ˵ЩĻΪȣ״˻ȿȡ˵εĿ˶ٲֵȻҲֻǾС˽º˵ġ

˵

㶵죬ƺ˵ЩʲôȴôҲ˵ڡھеС˽¶ôԶﴫ

һɵ㶣ŵģֱӣץһеĸ㣬˵ôǼү˰ɣ۵Ļ͸ϽʵжЩ˵˵һ㶼ϲ𣿡

ϲ

Ҳ֪ͨЩӵ˽⣬֪糺ǸܺõˣǺúõĹһӺҲ

ûü룬쿪ʼˣݲͬȻҲǰһ¹ȥǱߡ

Ҳܿ췢˸ս糺֯˹ȥ糺Ҳú޷ͣ£

үȳںһȻ뵽ʲôƵ糺󣬶޷˵ɡ

޷ûͷ糺糺Ҳ΢΢һܿЦ˵û£ðҽȥɡ
䣬޷ɿεİ֣˵һԡ

Ҳûٳκİ֣糺ȥһ·ϲٺĿϣҲ⣬֪й糺СϢָİ汾ҲؾһγڴǰȻⲻͶĿ⡣

ʱҲˣλ·ֱ߹ȥһŵʽʮĹ

ǹƽֱ˽糺Ļ̧ͷײĿ⣬ʱͷ·ҫƵġ

Цֵţƽʱ̧Դæ糺ĶУ֣ң

ú˵ʲôҪлɩ糺ҲĽ

ƽʱһίκο糺ģЩˣֻö͵͵ĺһɩ㲻ٿ

ʱỹδʽʼҲûʺͻʺҲû˱߶к

ʱʱ˹糺˵Ҳ˵ԹԵ£ĵøٰʱͻȻֳ褾һ㶣ܿµļеĶ

ү褾߹

糺Űƽ̧΢΢ףӦ

褾Ҳ̬ȣĿ⻺ϣдʹʵүȡûа취𣿡
糺ſ˵ܻŻѵǺܴˣ

ԣһٵ΢ɲĶ˶٣ȴûʲô
⻰˲ó褾֪ٸοڣ΢΢죬ƺȴںôҲֻܾܳ㶵վ

֮ʲôҲİƽѾõĽ٣ɲĿڣҲҪԽ١

ţ΢΢üŽԴ

쿴˿ֿ˿н٣ֻЭɩҲԽ٣

ԣŽеĽһݹȥƽ糺ĻתӣæֽӹȻһٸζ˫һгС

һЦһҲһŽȻҲ֪Գ黹ôˣڿԼ糺ʵүҲҪ𣿡

һڣͺˣ

û뵽糺Ȼŵͷ˫ֱŰƽֱ΢΢ſ춨



Լʵģﻢ£ֻӲͷƤʣµĽֱ쵽糺ߣϵһҧס

ѸջʱѵˮӹĴ΢ȴƺþҲɢȥľګЩûӦ

Ȼֺ֪ķֳ褾վĿһС



ʱ޲ҸطȥĲǹģ

26

糺, ˵һµģ, ·ֻһڣлŽ٣Ŀȴһֱ, ۵ǳǳЦ⡣

𣡡糺еİƽ껹۵

ŤŲ, ȴöһԳ褾Ŀ⣬ıƺǾ, ܿǳȻһ, ΢΢ף˵

ûϵȺԼк, һ²ЦŵͷҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҲû

褾Ҳûٿڣת뿪, ıӰ֪ΪԺиʡ

, Һͳ褾ֻй֮Եѡʱϵ糺ͻȻ˵ûĻкŰ˼
ոձֵĺ

˶񣬺ָܿƽ̧ү˵

˵, 糺Цˣ˵˵ǣǵҲöԡ



, ԹԵŴ֮еȺֱ洫ϼݵʺݵﵽ

˲ѸٻصԼλϣ΢΢ͷվһԣĿӭ˺꣡ʺǧǧǧǧ꣡Ｊ飡

Ҳվһԣһϵ糺һҲûη˼һвٰ֪ʲô

ɣ磬Ҳ̫ʾ˵

ؾصĸл㻺£ƺоĵЩֻֽۣƽӱԵá

ĳʺͻʺ˵䣬㽫յ˳ȥҲЦŵһ׿͹ۻ󣬱ֵˣףصףأ

ĵλñ糺ýģҲĿѰʲôóԵġ

ʱһԵ糺ͻȻת΢ţץʲôҪݸԼģ档

糺һɣһСɫĹѸУȥЩʽϱɵ֦⡣

ЩûŪ糺˼̧Ŀһ߷ȥϲĹƤһ߻ڣӸղűһֱѵ𣿡



ǻ۾ֻĿ˼۶ѣȻȷʵеȴֲȥ

ллүЦŽջȥ֦̯ϡ

糺ûٳʰԼϵĹƤŰĿڴ룬չʾԼҪ͵

һźĺ解ҲĿ˹ȥҲûץŹⶪһ߳ű˽ܵǳʱеõһź解ϣۡ
ԶԶȥǺ觵ĵɫǲĺÿ㶵ڽӻ

ϲ糺֪ʱ˹ʵ

һ£ȻŻصүˣֻ⿴ѵΪֻҪ˼۾ϲϲĶƾǼȦˣ

һ˵糺һĵͷ˵۹⵹ǲȻŲȴеΪģҲֵǮ



ǱѾ˽ȥˣץ˼Źţ糺˵үôģ

֮ǰڱ߽õһţ͸˱ˡ糺ͻȻҲִùһŹ⣬Ž͵ҲҵĲ²ѣ⡣

ͷʶĽǱ죬÷Ҳ֦ԣ糺Ҳһת۱ûˡ

Ҫ𣿡糺ʡ

ҡҡͷⶫҲ̫ܳࡣ
е˺ܿ㽫ԼĴĺһһ˳ȥĿǰǳ˻ʺǹܳȻǷóĲõĶȥֺ糺͵ĶǼ򵥣һ

һ˻ҲͰˣؼ͵ԼĻһʱ䶼˹˽Сš

͵͵һۣǲ뵽鷨ľɫҲ

Ц˽£ǿ佱˼䡣

ˣ

Ѯϱ˸֮һŮŹݵ裬мһŮӣźɫɴסֻ¶һ˫Ư۾һʱ䣬ʱ˴˵Ŀ⡣

еĳԣŮļʣ

ҲòȷʵƯ˼۱Ĳͷ糺ڰһѹӣĽùӷӵһǡ

룬˹ȥүϲ赸𣿡

ԣ糺̧ͷһмأֵͷϵĶڵáȻֽõĹƣʣҪ𣿡

šһֱųԣҲǸղŵĻʵү֪ǺˣĵǸƯ

糺ͷҲû̧˵˵ǹϷӡ

ԭǹˣͷһ߳Źһ߸пү֪ҿĻУʱӦһͳһذףȻд̣ȣȻ󡭡

糺ͻȻû»ٿ㻰



һۣĶʱֱһѽհõĹһڳȥ糺Ҳİһˮ



һڳôӣȷʵҭĻţֻûĽӹ豭ȥȻһһһֱûĲˮɺʵүһʲô

糺˳ȥ˵ǹӾƣøˮɵġ

ԣɾ

糺ֻЭ볢Ǳһɣ

õĻشæԼһһһƸľϢ䣬ɱ۾ϸᣬȻһڣŨζʱζϳ⣬ûסһˡ

糺һ˵

ϹԹԵĵͷȴָԼһЦһ¶ǣ糺ֻεҡҡͷŹӾƲҲûȥֹ

ڲ֪нһӾƶȥʱѾ΢΢˺Σʶͦѵģ糺ϽȥĿյҹŮҪһ

һκӾƣƺЩ񫣬죬һ糺ʱһӾ¶ǣʱѾЩˣֱӿ糺ϡ

糺ϿտҲľƺֿ˿Ѿ΢ֻ˺ͳ˵һ׼ظ

ҲѾӽβˣѹǡ

֯ȥˣ糺ץҡҡλε˵ãǻظ

ǡһҪȾơо˶ƮƮ״̬ǰƺкü糺ں˵

ɵЦţһֱ糺˹ȥһ̣о촽һƬۡ

ӳĵһ˫ߵӣܵĴݣĿźӡ

޹գգۣ



27

ڶԼ, ѵֳŴ, Ŀ͵ĶܣƺЩӦôˡ

ﾲĵģ̫Ҳ֪ʱ˰, ˦˦Դ, һЩ溰һ֯

ܿ췿ű㱻ƿ, ߽֯, ˡ

šһʵںʱˣ

, Ѿʱˡ֯һߴһǰﴲ

ôң

֯ļϣ˵ϺȵЩˣظ˯, үԸǽ粻ؽ㣬˯һ

ŵĵͷ, ǺӾƣû뵽ԼֱӺˣʵǺʱģôЩǲˣ

үˣʱͱ˵һлˡ֯Ӧ

֯ô˵оеӡ, ϣֱſ糺ϡ˵䣬ֱ˽, ΢΢

ͷʵôʱˣ

ЦӦүʱҲˣūȥǰš

Ҳû룬˵ȷʵоӶûţǱ֯Լϴһ󣬱ȥǰ
ʱǰѾںһòˣ糺һԿ飬ƺûҪȶӵ뷨ֱź飬˵˯ÿɺã

үĸ˯ĺܺáһ߹ȥ£һ߻صֱһ˯ͣܲ

糺ƺЦЦιȥʵôͷɻۣ

е㡣˵

ԣ糺һ㣬תЦŴʢһȻݵǰ˵ǽȺһţźá

䣬ֱЦŽӵүһŷ˰ƵģһֱڳûŸոóġ

⻰΢΢һ㶣̧糺һۣŽæֽӹ˵лү

糺ͷҲûٳ˵ЩʲôֻŽȥ˱оͷеɬɬģҲû⣬ӹ֯ݹӲǱ㽫Żϡ

ʱ糺ͻȻһ֪ͳ۽㶽ӹеɻ

ζȻ࣬еɬɬĸо˳ԿһȽϺá糺͵



˵С𣿺ȸҪ۽

糺Ŀ۽²ƿĿ⣬۽ڸܵϵŨŨ⣬Ȼٳһŵ뷨ĪоЩۡ

ȻûгҪһţһ˯ڣѶǰ󱳣ֱӿʼţһԵ糺Ҳȥ

һٷԵʱˣڼһ鶹ʱһģͻȻԺһһ£֮ļ䡣

ôˣ糺ƺע⵽һʱĿͣʵ

˵䣬㶵ȥĿⲻһһϵıϣʱֱԺС䡱һһЩĪĻ糱ˮӿ

*

ϡ

ƮƮȻžߵգգۣ˺Ҳһʱϣ˰죬ų糺ļ̧ϵƺûӦþòܻ

˷ģҲ֪Ϊζʱã糺͵ǰ˻ΣЦ˵үôˣô飿

䣬糺ڻǰϣƺȾӣ˶٣ſڵ

ţ˺ԼԴ̧ͻȻԴϸĶ˵ôˣүѵǵһ𣿡

˵оƺĳأڼֲסˣֻһƨֱĵذϣ˳ץ糺Ρ

糺״ҲæַסûĵʲôطŷģȻŷʵѵǵһ𣿡

Դصķ·ǧһ㣬ɷֱӽϰſ糺ϣԴԼұϣֲʵĴ˴ĳ˵ĶЦǺǡҲһΰүү

ϵ糺һֱַӻȥһߵ»ȴſϵֻ˼û

糺ͷۿȥʱŷѾ֪б˯ˣ˯죬ڻζζϵĹӾơ

糺㾲ĿȻγҡҡͷְÿǰķ˿߽ۺĴϣһ£ʶԼ촽

ӾƵǱ˺ܶ࣬롣

*

રɡһϵĿֱӵϡ

һ糺ɻ󿴵

еڻѸŲԼߣһƽȻ󵭵ĽЦſڵû£ǸոպԵһе£үصġ

˵糺ţæһԵһˮһںȥ

糺

֯ŷһжȥղųԵһװ۵Ķ

糺Ҳδڼ׷ʣһװһŵģҲһֱϡ

£ֻܸ̾ȻǾƺ£ΪʲôҪӾƶˣڼֱصϣʹҡҡԼԼһЩ

ţֱӻԼԺʱ糺ͻȻ˵ȥߣճԱʳҲµֻܸڸ

ȻҲΣ糺һ·ڸţ޷֯ʶȤԶں棬ûãһ˱˺ɻǱߵͤӡ

ʱֵ󣬽Ӳӵĺã糺߽ͤϢһ

֯ʳҡź֯Ը

Դ£Դڲ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôֻιιĽɢԼע

糺Ҳδ˵ԹԵĴʯĿɢĿͤӵıԵůϣ΢ۣʱʱͶʳȥˮš

ְɹ̫ι㣬һԾĿ飬ԺĪ뵽һõĴʡ

¾ã

˼ʱ糺ǿʲô˼ĵطɶ˵

عͷϵ糺չ⣬·ȫһһ㣬΢ḡµ鷢⡣

棬Ȼֱֱ·ʲôԺҪͻƶֱ΢΢ЦʱöʱȻʡ

Ŷԭϲ˰

28

ԼĪִ󳹴ĸо, ϸ糺Щյ, ƺڲ֪ϲˣֻԼһֱֶѡ

ȥ·ϣһֱ糺ʲôо, Ŭ֮ǰ, ġҲûʲôر£Լôأ

, ͻȻ䲻ı˴Ӻץס, Żһǵ֯ɻʵô֯

֯æſ, ͵ңūǰиӣֱֱײȥū澸ոں溰ü, ֪Ϊζûū澱ֻקס

, ̧ͷžԼû߳ӣʱЩ˵æһƹȥ

ӸղűһֱЩʲô𣿡֯ںЩʵ

ҲûֱѿڶҾ˵һͻȻԼĻе㲻Ծæֻһת, ûû£Ҿϳʲô

֯

صӣƺ뵽ʲô, ˶£ֻ֯һߣ˶װһ𣺡֯үô˵껹֯ڣֲҲûˣֻʵ˵˱á

ԣ֯ƺЩĿȻһ²ſ˵ū澿

֯˫ۣ۾Ŀ׼ϴʵ糺ӦöӰ컹ǲģ֮һֱؾصģҲδʲô°ɣ

ϡ

ū澾үе䵭Ҳôүġ֯˵

⻰ʱ΢ǰЩӻҹչ˾˸ȻһҲ˵糺İɡ

һԵ֯͵һˣȥүĴָүÿţ뷽跨ѵ

⻰뷴ϸһ룬֯˵㣬Ҳܹɣ˭ʱǩ糺ŵķˣֻ顭εľܾ档

ҡֿ֯ĵүδз֮ƽҲϲū˵ū澱㲻Ҷԣ룬ҪǱ֪ˣô˵

ȿȣεĿô˵˵ܵȥˡ

֯Ļ˵ĻȻ糺δԲ³ǼˣҲû֪Ƿַ˯ϢȴǴ˳ȥ

Ļǵûôڱ˵Լ˽͵͵糺ǲˡ

ôЩ찡

֯ɹĺ˼룬ʱ̧ģĵĶԼȣЦſ˵ӦȵİɣǵԽԽˣ

ˣȥæɣȥһӣŵʱҡַ֯Ը

֯̾˿ֻȥˡ
ֻʣһ˵ʱڳ׷Լ˱ˮ㻺ƽ

ԼСԣϣ͸Ļ˼֮ǰ糺ǰ

»֮ҹ͵͵ȥŷ͵ԣ˸ǩ˸ҲΪȥԼһĿˮĺƻǿ

һȷʵûʲôӡ

糺һֱܺúᣬ˳ԣǰģյԼ֦͹ӣҲֻǹ˱ǺǶ



ֱſϣΪϲ糺ҲͰˣϲȻĹӡ

У糺㲻ϲҲûϲˣʱЩʲôһԼˣ

˼˴ʱȻʺֽ׼ʼƶһ糺Ĳԣʱɸ̾ԼǶĵĻӣʱóˣ

֯ɻԼϷܱʼ飬Щɻ󣬵ֲܹȥֱʣֻ㶵ıȥˡ

һԣԸ糺ţ

ڶգͷһ΢΢ˣʵҲǸ֯һû˵ЩʲôԼֱӼҴҵȥŷһˣȻûñһĻˡ

ûԱ𣿡֯ΪΪѵģżȥŷֻЦҡҡͷ

֯ΪʲôЦܸоֵֹģ

ʵֻȥŷ˼˺Ͱ࣬糺ȥţԴȥԾϲ

ʱˣ⻻һ·Ȼ糺ķȥһ·糺Ǻֱ顣

ǡ

ôҲû뵽˸գ糺յķ䣬ЩûӦֱһԵС˵үһ³ˣūҲ֪үȥʱܻ



ϼǿԸʹ˷糺ķ׼̫˰죬ҲûӰǰԼòС

ߵֱ֯׼Ű糺ϣȻһ˳еķˡ

ŵֱ̱ڿϣȫ·û˹ͷһ㣬˭ϴʱ֯δüʰϵĲо֣޷糺߽

á

Գŵʱ˴Ŀ糺˸á



һԷǳġ

ţʧܣ



29

ײôεĳ档ֻܻļβͻȥ, ôҲû뵽糺粻ƫƫʱ, ǡ

Լŵòжӣֺ޲һԼ뷨һҸ糿, ûֵò˵, ٴγ׶˷۱˵Ŀɲ

һȥ, òŻŶ, θŵܣķ˼ԼΪҪĳһķˡ

, ȵˮɣ֯ܣҲżֲ֪ô죬ԺŲ豭ݹȥ˵

ҡҡͷ, ĶȵĽˮȥݰֵˡ

, ǻǳȥ߰ɣʳֻܾܷ֯еĲ豭ٴγڽ

ʵڵղŵ´ȫ񶯵һֱҲǰ취ͷ, Ҳתһעȥոޱε¡

ԣ֯æǰ׼ס, ʱͻȻ߽ﻹһµϻӣǰڵ

ͷֲؿɡ

̧ͷȻ¶һЦ˵үū͸ɽ髡˵꣬ϵľϻݹȥ

ɽ髣

ȻЩɻ糺ôͻȻҲֽӹľϻӣȻ󻺻Ȼװһſźͮͮɽ髣žθڴá
үɻ˵һЩʲôϻӣֳʵ

ԣֱֿ˵ү˵ãûǰ֪ͨһ˵š

ͷǲ΢΢糺Ǻĸܣ롣

껰Ҳûȥľϻӣͳһɽҧһڣζм΢΢

糺ôͻȻԣ

һԵ֯ƺµ뷨㿪˵ɽʳãԶԵͲˡ



֯Ļɽ髵ֶʱһ٣Ŀ͵ںͮͮɽϣ֪ΪΣͻȻоɽ髺Щۡ

Ǹϲ糺ԼԼ˽ĳף

˼ɽ髣ֺ֯ԺߣŸо࣬ſԺӵʯϢʱȻԼ糺ļʻǺܴģϾǰôˣƺûһ˼

˼˴ʱо˶ˣ˷ܵæطдսٴóʧûϵɲǻ·ˣ֮ǰǰ糺û±ˢڸС

ţڶսԣ糺û

ů糺һŽ׼ԺհγԼ彣׼ҵݸ޷ʱͻȻ֪ʱðһ޷֮ǰĽҽӹȻЦе˵үҰŰɣ

糺ʵһ£ȻвЩɻ󣬲Ҳδ˵ʲôǶͷĬһԡ

Ҳ֪²ɹ𣬱ԹԵĴ糺Ժ轣Ѹ缲ĽӰڿпȴȻſźȻȥڼϿϷӱݵĸоɿزסӵеĽңæֹƴĺããá

ŷЩԾȻŷһԵ޷һ˵ıʱѹʶԼղŸɶ



ô죿Īİ糺ͷյˣ

ǱߵĽҲ֮ȻֹͷЩֱ̧ͣ糺ֱιԼԽԽֻӲͷƤ̧һ˳Ц⣬ϵ糺ڵүôˣ

˵꣬ͻȻָоԼȵʲôӲĶֵĵͷȥֻеĽң֪ʱѾڽŵס



ǺǣүЦˣҵһμ轣ÿЩˡεЦţȻæȥҼӲ˲Ļҳ

糺ͻȻ

ʶ̧

ֻ糺ĿڣϴβǼ

ʲôеһμ轣



ĬٳĬװ

ʲôҲû˵ʲôҲ֪

ţƤ糺үһ㶼Щʲô

糺ƺûϵͻȻһ²ŵȥ鷿顣

ԣʱǰһæ˵ãҲ׼֮ǰδĻһڷЩȤҿԺүһ鷿𣿡

֯⻰뵽鲻һ˲Ű

ɹԼĻ糺ȥ鷿鷿ϴǰ㣬İǸĺõط

ɫ򾲾ȼţʱᴫһž糺ԷԼĻӣʵⱾͿˣʵǿȥֻ͵͵ұߵ糺

΢΢ɢĿϣĿ۾Ķϵ飬ŨܵĽëԵøӵϸͦı±һƬССӰһʱ俴Щ

ɳ

ֱ糺ᷭһҳʱڻع񣬲̾

Ȼɫ˰

糺ſţͻȻоһɲͷȥ㿴úúÿ֪ʱļ˯ˣ鷿УƽȵĺµʱԵøĹɡ

ЦЦֽϵ̺ĸϣȻе顣

Ƶ£ĿԵˡ

30

ҹʱ֡

ڴϺ˯, ҧűЩʹļ, ôõĶʱ⣬ôƫƫ˯ˣһ˯ǰ, ȫ֪ʲôʱܵ糺ļȥˡ

ʱ, ſ糺ķе飬ȻԼѹļ, ǽһ

ʱ, 糺ʹᣬҲûнƿ, ӦҲǶкøаɣš

˼˴ִӴԼ, ȻԼ糺ս̯ŵһĲ, űܿڵڶ滭糺ˢڸˢĻǺܳɹġ

ֿһᣬشϡ

գֱȥǰţϰÿ, Ҳ糺˹

˵վǴ˲ٱӼģҪȥ𣿡ϣ糺ͻȻʵ

ȿȣ

⻰ʱǺ, 糺ʱ򣬲ϵ񣬵ҲȤͷشá

õĻش糺ת޷Ըȥ׼

޷ȥıӰ΢΢һ£ԭ糺˼ԼȥҪһȥ棬뵽ʱоá

طһ·糺ȥ糺һҲЩûȥˣЩһ·Ƕδ¹

ǳĻ磬Ӽƺδʼݣ糺ĴĹ䣬֯޷簲ĸ

ֵĲˣҲûֵĿ⿴ǣ߶Сߺÿ˵ĶС

ҪЩʲô糺Ȼʵ

룬еҲУҲûʲôҪĶ׼ҡͷʱȻǰ治Զиڰ̯ӣ̯һɫˣ¸ڵľӨ͸

ʱתת糺һһ䣺үһ¡ɿΣһ˹ȥ



ϹԮ糺ûüѯʣֻܿǰСܵıӰ

˵̯ǰЦĶѯʵϲһ𣿡

Եķˣ˵Ҫʲô״ģܿá˵ͷӦ

ԣֵϸ룬ſڵϲҪһֻӺһֻ

˵꣬Цſʼǽ׼ʼĶϵĶû뵽ĺܿ죬ֻ˽ǽ˼Ȧһֱӱǰ

ԼҪˣһͭ嶼ûãҪת֯ǣȴ֯Ѿ֪ʱվ󣬼˺Ĵͳӵݸˡ

ЦŽ¡

Ϊ˲ڽӵм䣬ԼߵֵһߣȻķ򣬾ĵš

ܿ죬㿴һ־һ˴ǱܹȻ˳ǰ¡ϵһֻӵݸЦ˵ү

糺ǰЦһõˣŵĴнӹӣЩЦΪʲôҵӣ

ԣԼĺǰ˻ΣˮĴ۾ɻʵѵүҪҵĺ𣿡

糺

ЦЦֵүرر𣡡

ֶ˵ǳô糺ȷʵδԹһڴĿԼССҧһӵһֻ⣬Ũζ˲ζǻ·ҪѪһ㡣

ôȲ
糺ͷ


ĺ
ЩJ

糺ģЦţúҲҧһԼС

Ȼⶫĺ𣬲ʵЩĹ糺ԼϵֻӣЩͷۣҪôⶼȥ

ƺ֪лʲôЦ˵үǳԲ߾ͰֻɣʣµҲҵģ

ԣ糺εҡҡͷûпھܾȷʵԲ꣬еֱһҧסӵĶ䣬׼ҧȻʣ»

ǰȻٹһӰסǰ糺㶵ĿԴҧסӵһֻ䣬һʱЩûӦ

ֱ΢ȵĿ⣬޹գգۣҲûͣ˲ҧӵĶ䣬Ȼ˻ȥһвǷڼ䡣

ŷ㶵糺һµģкӵĶ䣬Щʵүôˣ

糺

ոǱ˵Ϸ

ȵЩ࣬õЩޣ糺˵һȻʣµ˽֯һȥˡ

֯Ҳȥģ̧ͷ㿴Ѿܵľ¥ȥˣҲֻա

ٴγʱӼƺѾʼˣΧˣһȥںںڵһƬȫӰȺѰ糺һˡ

ӼƺݵĺǾʣȺǽкõͻȻӺ汻ײһ£ֱӱȺٴ̧ͷʱͻȻеһѱذ׵䡣

洫һͳͱ

Ӳһǰϵ糺ͻȻߣƺҲ

ȺӿţַǷӵϵ˳֣߿

Ⱥдţ⡣

ǳǳЦݡ


31

ã

ȺдĺȲ, ܵذ, ɫ򶨵ѹڻʲôˣ

ϻô͸ʵʵģǰҴ·, ȳȻŹ㣡ٴͳִŭ˵

ȻΪ뿪Ⱥ, ˻ܺ˵ķʱҲɲܾ, ֻһ˼ŶԲһ߼װ뿪Ⱥġ

ǰ糺޷Ż˹, һµĿǰ棬ȴһֱ糺Ϣ, ʱҪǱƼˣָҪѪȾˡ

糺ϹսĹ۲Ϊ϶ܷﲻ, ȴ뵽˷·һ㶼ûпʾ⣬ϹЦ, ֱ˹

ȺУ˵ľԽԽĶҪᵽɤˣΪоҲ糺ذ׵ԽԽ, ·һ̾ҪᵽĲϡ

һ

޷糺ˣоԼδ죬ֱ

糺Цź, һδ䵽ϣ·Ͳʶһ

̽

糺˴к



㣬žÿ΢΢ʱ򣬺æ΢ŭ

æּźȺȥȴǷ糺ȻӦ֪״ģΪ˲ݾ߲װʶӡ

Ȼ֪糺ǹģ֪ΪΣ뵽ЦźʱﻹЩʧ䣬гһͬİ·ʱʲôӡ

ź˳Ⱥһ˵ˣһ¼˵ģ˵ҡҡѾˣ㡭ܷ𣿡

΢΢ţ˿־塣

ҿڹʱһֱǴоԼݼû˵

ԣɭɭЦţƺҪ˵Щʲôӵǰ洫һ

ѱȥģ糺֪ʱǰ棬һϣĿĶ

糺ͻȻĪоЩϤⲻ֮ǰĻӢ۾ĳ



оԼĴʱȻʱȥ£Ĵ󣬶ǰˣֻҪ糺ڣͻû¡

ƺһ¡

ʱֱ糺ʱԳƱεүֻһˣⲻڵԱ

һ̣ͻȻø첲סĲӣذ׷ĲԣƺЩҵĺţ㡭ٹҾ͡ҾͶˣ

ȿȡ

ͻĶյĲ㱳ȥˣץĸ첲ţǰ糺ԾȻɻιˡ



ƺ֪Լ糺Ķ֣һ۵ģһ̱սеذף·һܸĲӡ

Ѹٽ˫ֻۣһѸ缲㴫صĵ

δĻ۾ʱӳı糺źÿ֪ʱѾߣĵĿʵû°ɣ

һۣȻ㶵Ļعͷ㿴Юƺʲôڵʹţ޷׼

㶵ƿߣ糺ϣ΢΢üͷΪŵˣҪ׼ڰοʱ㿴۾ʵүг𣿡

ţ糺ЩûӦ

һ룬ͻȻֱ糺Ĳӣһҡһ߿ߵүҪˣүΪλҪҲ㱻һչȥү֪𣡡

Ȼ糺ŸίͰ͡

ԣ糺ЩΣԼĲŰЦ˵ҵĴˣҪô

ҪʱͻȻһİ

ү

糺һ㶵Ļعͷ㷢ֺ޷֪֯ʱˣһֵ׳Ӵɫսףһǡ褾



Ȼո糺ʱǺһ̽ţû´Ļ˱ǳ褾ĸ׽˳ˣҲ˵Ƕ˴һʼһֱ

˼˴æſ糺ĲӣεתǺ޲Ҹطȥ

û°ɣ⿴ʵ

̧ͷЦţ˵лģûµġ

Цҽ׽õĵյܾˡ˵ֳϵ糺ҲүҲܳɹ׽ã

˵ⲻӦǹٸ

ȻЩɻ󣬲ҲûʣֻЦź˵˼׻󣬳ץű޷õĵ׼뿪褾ȫ̲δ˵Щʲôֻߵʱ糺һۡ

ĳʹ;

뿪һɵ糺һۣŲ׼ȥ

˾Ȼոջбڣ
ոץ糺Ĳҡţо˶ˡ

糺߷ȥıӰɵЦЦȻҲû޷Լιųȥ

Ȼе㾪Ĳûдôֱӻȥô˵ҲǺò׺糺һˣôȥǺܿ

糺ûж˵Ǳھ¥ĶҪһڸ¥ϣӸµĿӼŵıݡ

Ȼڵģܶ඼δģ治ɿľζŵĳţա



ʱһԵ糺ͻȻ

ͷȴв֪ʱһƿװʲôҩһ㣬ֿӸոձ㲻Ӱ޷磬ɻĶʵôˣ

˵꣬Ҳ糺شǹɵ˹ȥ

糺ƿڣմһҩʳָϣſ˵ڿһ㡣

㶵ĽԴ˹ȥ㿴ĽָĲϣҩӴƤʱЩ΢糺

Ǳ࣬һЩӡĺܿġ糺͵

ԭĲոѾյЩ죬ƤںͨͨһƬЩˣ糺޷ȥõ

šһ糺ҩĨȣָܸܵ¶ȣůеһġ

Ĩҩ糺ջʱͻȻ˵𶯡

Ŀ

ֻ糺ٴ̧֣ĴָӹǣĨȥĲмЩЦ˵ԶעһЩ

һ¡

үڰ

˫ЦСֱ顣

32

ŷ糺, Цϻ˻, ʵүղʲôʱұЮֵģ

糺ŻһӲ˲֣һߵĿڵǰĸʹɫ, 켱÷, ֲܷأ



ŷۣ

ֶûúú˵ˣҩҲĨ, Ĺĵ˻ȥ

糺, Цôˣ

ûЩûĻعͷпڸ, ĿӼţ˵ҷҺүȻг𡣡
ܴ֣

һֱŶ˵֯ЦЦȻִ˴һͬϷ޷磬С, ޷үô꣬үкͱ𣿡

˵ʲô޷˫ֱ, ͷ

֯Ÿ¥糺ıӰĽ˵˵ɶҾǾүһԣЩ˵˿еĲӼһá˵޷磬ʵѵ㲻𣿡

, ޷Ҳ˳ƿǱߵˣ˶ٲŶ֯˵ûС

ɶ֯ЩûӦ˵ʲô

޷ֵүδйģ

֪糺糺Ĳ, žʵӼʱһʱԼæһЦһߺ˵

糺ںһһӦĻ

עھ¥ӼϵȻҲû֣ڸűЦĺϲ£ʱȴڿǴǳǳЦ⡣

¥ǸӵĽк

ʱã΢粻

*

ϻȥʱ򣬹еҽѾڸеȺ˶ʱ

ҽʱ뵽糺ϵˣЩĿһԵ糺ʵү˿ָˣѵǽվʱǣ˿ڣûκ쳣

糺һżǵģЦŰο赣ģϴΰչһ޵ĸҵ˿ͺˡ

糺ĻŷȻ˿Ѿˣҽôʱˣ뵽ɻĿ

ҽȷʵҵģΪ˿ҵ˿ڣҵȡ糺͵

ԣĿĲ˫ȣԭΪҪ˵ʲôʱԺͻȻ뵽ʲôʱŵĵɴ˫ۡ

ôˣɫı仯糺̧ʵ

ţع㶵ĿȻЦ˵û°Щ˰ɣүû°ɻҾȻȥˣ

糺ͷҲδٶ˵ʲô

һصԺӣֱӶ֯Ը֯ȥүԺţҽһҪס˵Щҿ

ԣ֯æʵôˣūȥү˵

֯ƾҪȥ糺æס˵ͰҸղ˵ȥУסˣү֪ˡ

ǡ֯һһ㶵ģֶӵɻ

ȴûпڽֻͣǷԸȥɡ

֯Ҳֻȥˡ

֯ȥˣһ˳˼

ղͻȻ뵽һ⣬糺˵ҽȵģҲ˵˫ƺǰ˵ĳ׷ˣ˵

˵վ

˼˴ΪԼ뷨һܿ侲ԼһˮѹѹĻϲ°

ûȷ֮ǰҲȥ룬ֻص߶ʱʱ棬֯Ϣ

ɫЩʱ֯ڽҽ

΢ҽ΢΢

æ̧ʾҽض񡣡˵ֶź֯֯ȥ

ǡ

ܿ죬ŵֻʣҽˡ

ҽȻЩɻ󣬲Ҳûʣֻǿʵ֪ﲻ

ҲùĨǣֱ˵ʵ岢δﲻʣ˽ҽҽһ¡

ҽְֹȻڹжֱ˽½йȥ̽Ϣ¼ֲˣֻһƽĿ˵֪֪ʲô

ԣҲǿżɽ˵ҽչʱΪ˰үȣ
ǡҽͷ

ǲ֪һʵ֪үȿɡлָ

䣬ҽͻȻĬһĵ̾һڻ˵ʵүջؾʱ΢ȷʵлүվʱүȴԸơ˵ҽƺʱ£ҡҡͷ΢Ҳף²ܷκϣٶӰֻүȴ˴õʱ䡣

ҽĻҲ֪ǸζǱľ̳һ㣬ζӳɵģûЩʹ

񡭡ٴοڡ

֪ʲôҽֱ˵˵֮ǰɵİյĻ΢Ҳֻ˵ɵİա˶٣ּ˵⻹үȫȫƵ¡

ͻȻ֪˵Щʲôֻ㶵վ

ʱҽ˵ʵ΢ĳԴүɻȷʵ࣬ضΪ΢һ԰æһȰ˵ү

ҽһܷ

һ뵽ǸսϴɲƵˣȴֻպΪ飬;ܵĲˡ

ʡ

*

峿

һĹȥ糺һţʱҽ˵Щ

ôˣ˵հ˰·ҽ˹ȥ糺ͻȻ

Ҳ֪¿϶糺ЦţȻ˵⼸ոоЩ첻ţҽҿ㰲ҩ

ԣ糺ͷеĿڣ˯ţԺ˵Ҳвٰķӡ

šһһӦš

ţ˸սʰ꣬ҴܽһСˣ˵ү

˺£糺

С˿ػүһλС㣬˵ıãǰݼ

ԣ糺ɻĿ

Ҳһ±ƣʱһã

Ȼɻ󣬵˼Ҷô˵ˣȻҲҪ˵ģ糺û˼Сȥ˽

˽ʱȻ

ֵᣬǹ֧һС㣬ڼϼ棬һɫȹһ˿ûжĵ׺Ưıʱĵø顣

СŮμүһţֵ΢΢

糺￴飬һʱû˻ӦЩεվ뻹ʵʲô£

ֵæӻͳһŸЦ˵㣬ĸҸţĸ˵㿴Ȼס

һۣ˿죬͊ĽˣҲû˵ʲôӹ֯Ŵ򿪿˿

ϵȷʵϷ˵ּûȻдҳȴ׶ȴЩЦá

Ϸ˵ֵòһ˾ǣνıæչһ¡

ǺЦϷ˴ʲô̡

ǿ̫ڣ׼λε˽أ

33

Ϸ˰˳Ҳ˵Գɻһֱ糺ַ˯, ôȲ˽

ǰ, 治ɫϷ˵ż½֯ĿϸǰֵᣬƺҲû¶ӵ, һ¶֪ģԼ

ĸɻ˵ʲô

ֵЦӦĸֻ˵õһжľͺá

һжֻ, Ϸ˾Ȼǰ֪һֱ˹, ڵ˵ĺ

ͷ, ֿһһ²ؼ糺Ҳδ˵ʲô, ֱӺܼȥֵʰ䷿ӣȻֱȸŹܼȥЪϢˡ

˶ȥˣſ糺˵ĸǱߵһ֧С㣬µ, ӦǵڸСסա

ԣ糺ͷʾ֪, ڻУ֪ҵġ

䣬һۡ

ȥʱ֯ƺ˺ܾ, ڹ˵ūЩ֪ò˵

˵ֵ᣿Ҳ֪˵ʲô

֯æĵ˵ͷʵȻū޶, ȴҲܿĳϷҪүˣϷôأ

ЦЦ˵ĸ޷˵Һү鲻ϣⳡãԲԼ˽ֵүվ㡣

һ֯Щԭ͸

Ȼ֪Ϸ˵⣬ΪλҪ֯æʵ

͵֮£ضӦö֪涼ڿأǽֵϳȥ涨ᶼҲȻҲں˵ң룬ҽͳȥϷ˵ӹƹ˶þͻеڶֵŹݼҡ

ǡֳ֯ĵĿڡ

İɡοô꣬ʱҳԹҼȻҲûʲôµġ

ֵڸйԹԵİؼȥ벻ģҲȥǷҪһЩ۶ӣڸӦòˡ

Ǹԭֵᵹǰֵĺܣֻʱ˺ãʱ˵һֱԼûʲô

֯ı棬Ҳֻǰڰ֣ڻûȥֵᣬһնҽ˵Ļ糺˫ȡ

糺ƺûжԼ˫жУҸ˵˵⣬̽һʲô̬ȡ

ڶ糺ڻ԰ɢʱ㿴ֵȻӭ˹

֪ûεԭֵһװ磬ż򵥵Ļ٣ȻЩţȴָǰһĸо

ǶˣֵȹкүȻЦź˵մӊԺӳԭүɢء

һֱۣ˵ȥҵԺӣʲô𣿡

ֵƺûʵֱӣһ±ίĵͷ˵ҡҾҊ˵˵ѣǵ᲻ãŊϢʱ䡣



ίģıŤ뿪ڴ뿪ʱϵĵ糺ȴͻȻ֮ǰ

ǰɣ̧ͷֵʵ

ԣֵҲƺûϵ糺ͻȻ˵æͷЦſڣǣСŮֵᣬү

һ𣿡糺ʵ

ֵ΢΢ͷһߵģӦүСŮ֮ǰǼΡ

ǰˣ֯ȴʱҧݵĶֵᣬԴðˡ

ǳסûгǣɲ糺ϲĻһ˵ֵ֯ܿĳɲ糺᲻֪Ҳ֪Ҫʲôڡ

֪ʱҪæµĻﱾһæ糰ٴ˵

䣬ֵȻһϲæӦү˵ܰүǵĸ֣

õĻش糺ȴûٺ˵ʲô˵ʱûȥˡ

һ£Ҳû˵ʲô˳˼뿪˻԰
ǱֵҲɻȥıӰΪԼ˵ˣ׼׷ȥʱȴһԵ޷ͻȻסˡ

뿪˻԰Ų糺ʵүոǺ⣿

ǰЩӲ˵ԳǱߵǳ𣿡糺ȴһţͷĻ

ţȻЩ˼·˵ǳкιϵ

糺ЦЦ͵еղǻˣһʱҲûȥҲֻȥæЩǳӻ



ûĻ糺ʱֵᲽȥǱߣǱȷвԶľ룬еĻôҲҪյ·̡

ôˣˣһľ㶵ģ糺ɺЦ˵

Żع񣬿糺ǵЦ⣬һηԭͦڵġ

ϲ



34

ʱ, ޷Ȼһǳ, İȫ£յְһǳǱߵ, ζȻܺá

û, ֯ܽ˵ԼմϢ, Ҳ֪үֵʲô, һȥģѾ˵ڲŸջ

˵ŲЩ߷߲ƽ, 벻үΪͻȻֵ

ԣЦЦָϵһǳ˵֪үġĩ, ֽ͵еձ㻵ˣֻܲȥǱ, Żص

˵꣬֯ɲ˼ĵɴ˫ۣĿϵӣתһϲĳ޵ū澼ǵǰղ˵ģү̫ˣ

⻰΢΢һ, ն£һʱ˹۲糺Լ̬ȣ֯Ļȴˡ

ϸ, 糺һֱܽһ¼ǵر֪ķԼսԺɹˣ糺ôҲӦöôһ˼ġ

˼˴ǲɿƲס΢΢ͻȻĪоеӺҲø

ߵֵḦһصԼķ䣬һͷڴϣȫ۲˵۵ֺͷٶһ£һ˰뱲ӵ·һ㡣

ʱﾲĵģֵŵ⾲ϸ¡

ܸо糺ǹȥģһүӣһ˱ǣû˲ȥʱ򣬸еձ㻵ˡ

ʱҲǼ糺ͻȻԲһʱ˷ܵûȥ룬糺ʲôֵɲһһԡ

˵ֵȴҲ糺Ĺϵû洫ŵǰȻ˵һҲֻǱϵĴȻΪķַ˯

뵽ֵʱҲ˳Ĳ٣лģʶ˾ǵķɲ»صϼǱߣܸ糺檣Ҳȥ޸һĺá

ԼĴֵ᲻ɾԼӦӴŹҲͶòˡ

ڶա

ȻĿͤУһ߿ԼµĻһץʳʱʱһѣɫĽ𻶿ķš

ʱֵҲ֪ĶҲ˽æЦĴк㣡

ԣֻ̧һۣͷǻӦȻֽԼĻϡ

ֵƺҲΣԹԵҲ£쳤ԴźεĽͬʱһĵģ޵ЩǊĽ𣿿Ŷûأ

ʵĵطֻġšһҲȥⶼԼϻƯҿԸιʳ𣿡

䣬ſŸԱߵʳȻֵỺ˵ÿյʳһģ˿ܻᱻոѾιˡ

⻰ֵʱҭסˣɫҲЩѿܿ㷴Ӧ΢΢ͷǸԲ㣬ǵû뵽

źۼһۣʵЩһģϵĻ׼뿪۲Ϊ

ȴֵᾹסȻһֹģ˵㣬ʵĸлҺ˵˵㿴һһԵ֯ͺѾǡ

⻰һ££Ը֯ȥֱĶֵᣬҪ˵ʲô

ֻͤʣǶˣֵῪڵ㣬ĸ㡭㡭

ʲôһԿڵģ

ֵ˶٣ƺ˾ĲٴοڣĸʊΪҪһֱүַ˯ʲô飿

ԣɳ˳ǣʲô˵أϷ˵˽⣬ǶȻµֵԼʵġ

룬̾һֵһ˵ģ˵ĸң

ֵĵͷ

ʵɣΪΪҺү֮䡭үҡ˵Ķ϶һԸٽȥģƳֵʱ쳤˶䣬ˣ²˵Ҳգȥĸ˵ˣҵİɣ

ֵ᣺

Ϊʲôһֱˣĸо

ģ׵ġֵʵں棬ֻèץҲֻЦŻص

лĳͷҲʲôֵǵþڴ˴ЪϢɣһ£лȥˡ

˵꣬֯һ뿪˸ͤ

·ϣ֯ɺʵֵǺ˵ʲô

û£ù˵ֵ޷Ҹ꣬ûղŹֳ糺֮ʲôģҲסġ

ʱ磬ֱӻԼԺӣ鷿׼ȥ糺ȴ鷿ﲻ֪ʱѾһˡ

ǽĴСոչݼүʵ˵

һ£Щɻ褾ôͻȻ糺ˣзִģδֱŽȥſڵǡ

褾ҲûãܿŶһԵƺҲȣֻǹ΢΢

Ҳ죬ֻǵͷʾӦҲδ˵ʲôΪкֱ뿪ȴֿ˵ɷһ˵

鷿棬褾ЦŶ˵μ棬Ҫ褾ͻ

޷Сˡ֪˵ʲôϴԺ󣬴ӳ褾֪߳ԼĶ糺⣬ΪԼζǰ糺̫׽ģȻĲǹġ

褾Ż˵Ҳ˵褾֮ǰ˽ϲүϣҪ⣬ⶼһԸѣ񿴼үмӣҲǳͨˣ褾˵үĺܰ䣬Եףǣ

һλһһ㶵ģ˵褾ΪϲֱֱûһҲĨǵġ

˾Ǹɴ䣬һҲˮ˵ģЩԸ

˳褾ֱ߽鷿糺һԣһɫĽۣǴЦ⿴

Ȼˣô糺

߹ȥ£ɢſϣ̧үͼ̸ҽ

ԣ糺ʱЩЦĶͷϵ˵㣬ʵôԴ𣿡

ү˵ʲôҺö˶˳ʲôףƲ졣

糺ЦЦ͵褾ֻ̽һŹѡ˵ʾⱻѹһǵŷ⣬ģҲԴ

һŷ⣬ĵû˵ʲô

ʵҲ֪Լôˣ˳褾ĻͻȻЩίЩ糺ˣڻûõ˼

үЩӲүһţǺүһ飬үȴδ˵ʲô̧ͷ糺˵

˵꣬糺ͻȻЦ⣬ֱֱĺţһʱİ



糺ͻȻֱһקӦʱĴѾֱֱ

һƬ



35

糺ͻЩֲ, 㶵İſĻ, Է·һڼѵ

ȵĴȴָ糺ƺЩĻǣԾסĲ, ˫, ԼĴԡ

鷿ﾲĵģֻǱ˴˵ĺ, 糺ڷſ, ĿⶨĿЩͳɳƵھأ



׵, 㻹

ÿʲôµģû糺ֵ

⻰˵Ŀŭţȴұֵ̫, Ҫǣ´糺Ļ, ͷƤ˵ү˵ǣôƯүǼ񵽱ˣ

ԣ糺΢ɲĳ˳ǣ۵ȴĳ硣

ҹϵʧ, ڴϷȥԺǲĸ糺Ҳ, ԼЩħˡ

ܲܳϢ㣬һϴβİԼ࣬˵

˵꣬ǻǿƲס

ڶ㶥һ˫è۴Ӵһæ֯һʵû˯𣿡

ܻüͭҲ뵽Լģɰڰ֣˸Ƿû£ȻҶ֬ˮۡ

֯

ͭԼɸ̾֯վǺã򵥵ķ٣һҲ㲵ӣĳԺӣ׼ȥ糺š

۾Ȼ۽𾦵ģһ㿪û˯ã



ֻܴ˵֪ĶҰèһֱڽУЩķѣүصġ

˵꣬Ҳ糺ʻĻᣬֱѸ£һòеģӱ㿪ԡ

糺ֻεҡҡͷ

׿Ĳ˵糺ǹǰ׼ϳڱȥ˱ȨҲҲ֮£żǸӱ֮֮⣬մڸС

ϸ룬ǳɻЩӣƺÿ춼ܼ棬һŸģǾҲͦõģǻɶĲǡ

һС꣬ʪһƬҲʺϳţԼĻӸ糺鷿顣

£Ҳǰѻ˵ˣϵҲȻһ¥

鷿ɢĿ糺ĻһŻӣһץˮţһܵģ

ǵϵһҳ˶ˮδʱڲƵģ˴糺Ȼֻµһҳ

ʱź֪ģΪ˵ͷ·ѾϷ޵ĵزˣ

˼˴ɷ»ӣٴδ˴糺ֹ̧ͷɻôˣ

үõʱ⣬鷿Щ˷𣿡һһѣһߺ˵

ԣ糺ƺЩЦȻȥ

⻰ʵ죬ֵˣүʲôҲû˵ɣ



˵ûȻ˭ˣֵүԽȥ𣿡

䣬ɴ糺Ļ΢΢һۣһ޹Ŀ

үٴֵ

õʾ⣬糺Żڵɡ

䣬鷿Ǳ㱻ƿֵһ̵Ĵ˽ʱһ£ƺûҲ

ֵҲܿ㷴ӦæЦ˵Ҳڰ

һȫעĶԼĻӣƺδֵҲֻ㬵ЦЦǰ˵ǵոֱùү͊㳢

ԣŷеĻӣ̧ϸֵֻһ˵ģͷЩҲ˵ҲǷ·ճ˻ҳеģȴ˿̲סۡ

Ҫưһ±˲֪³ģɳ˳ǣĿڵˣҲϲֱ

ֵĻȥɽĿ糺ϣʹеһˣүϲԵıֱΪ˿ڳŪ˴硣

߰ɣүҲֵ

ֵ᣺

˵꣬ͷ糺ǱߵֵҲǾ۾Ŀ

е˶ţ糺ǵķе飬ֵ̧ͷڵȷʵϲԼ³԰ɡĩˣѵ˵вȱʳģĹرǲ˷ѣȻô࣬ǾҪúóǡ

ˣ糺޷磬ֵȥ˵ҲԿЩֱ

ֵᡰ

ԼֱЩᣬﻹһûùֵĳ嶯

鷿ʣ˺ɿ糺ʵүϲֱȻֵ֪Ȼ͹ˣ϶εġ

á糺˵

ԣƲƲ죬Ҳû˵ʲôֱûǡ

׼𻰱ӵͻȻƺ뵽ʲôЦſ糺үȥطɣ

ţ糺̧

ǰ̨糺Ŀʵŷ

ŷȻһȻģ

û뵽ֱ糺˸еŷҸеˣүڱ߽ôãӦûɣ

ᡣ糺ʵ˵



糺ֽ͵ר˸õġ

ԣЩϧǿϧˣһүԸ¶һأ



޷ˡЦ˵

ȻֵĴ̼ŻͻȻôһֻ뵽ԼͦȤģ֮ǰ볢һκڹһֱܳŴҹ裬һֱûѡ

糺ɵˣ

ûУ²еһΡ

糺

Ҳ֪Լʲôʱ糺㿪ʼٶԼһı¶Լıԣȴûȥ룬ֻڶˡ

󣬿߸ϵү̨ŻȻԼģĵʳġ

ȻûˣҲܶˣȻ޴֣㣬һͲ˵˻ǰġ

ܴ糺ǰĨһϵĺ飬޹Ŀ

һĨҪ糺㶵ĿϸֳһɫĻҳЦš

ƺҲʲôͷϲ֪ʱմ˻ҳ뵽Լڿһèģŭү

糺סЦ⣬ҪڰοʱһֻͻȻ벻ĨһѣȻ㿴ͷЦүҲܲˣ

̫֪ʱˣбб͸ŷ糺ϣůůģ

ŻڴЦȻҲݲ

ֻЦ

36



֯һС߹, ˷ۺɫĻ, ץһѱðľͰлȥ

ˮ׼ˣԡˣ֯껨, תݵ˵

, ȥ´߳ûʲôһ, ϴĻˡ

֯һ԰æ, ʵôȻүȥŷˣ

ҲûʲôͻȻȥ˶, Һүϡһֱ̧ˮһЦ˵

֯

⾩еļҵĹ˲źʹģԼãúŲ˵ƫƫҪŷꡣ

Ҳû룬ľͰ˺Ż, 뵽糺ĨһҵģЩЦ

⴫, ˮо˶ġ

ֹЩӣڼֵʱʱȥֺ糺⣬Ҳûʲô£Ҳû

ź, ͻȻ糺˵үҸհֵͻȥɣҲЩʱˡ

ȷʵ糺ԳȽϺãĻϷĶͲ˵, ȻҲϷ˻ô嶼ڸУлȥʱ򣬺ϷҲⲻ˻ô򽻵

ôˣ糺û뵽˵⣬ʵ

̧νûʲôҲڸвǣⲻܶ˭Ӱ첻á

糺ͷӦá

ЩദĵҲ˲٣ɿЦֵʵɣҲϲүֻϲүܸٻѡ

ԣ糺һۡ



糺ҲǺЧʵģֵ㱻ͻعȥˣǱϷ˺Ҳû˵ʲôҲٹʡ

һʱûˣҲ徻˲١

ӣͱɸûˡ

˵ЩӱɼҵɻǸģڸŲԸСɻ飬ɴѹȥԲĻӦûǵճС֯룬㽫Ϣһֲ©˵

ʵȻҲϣⳡ°첻ɲźãɲǸ竵Ĵɻ飬ⳡºһǲɿġ

˼˴Ȼ뵽糺ʲôȫİ취

鷿糺

ⳡ£ȷʵò֡Ļ糺飬˵

ԣֻйһſϣ̧糺үҲûа취

糺һ޾ɵģεЦЦһŽٰȻһݹȥɵ˳Ͷʳ

ʵⳡҲһһ˳ġ糺ĻһתºС㶼Ը⣬Ȼǰ˳ɵģֻȵȱãҾýܻᷢЩʲôġ

һ߳Ľһ߰ŰɵĶ糺ɵүǲ֪Щʲô

Ҳɡ糺ֵ



ǣӣ

糺ûټ˵˼Ҳȥ׷ʣȻô˵ˣȻġ

ֹգͻȻ

æӭԼӣôˣ

ôû¾Ͳܿ𣿡带һ£Լһˮͷһǣ̾ˣԽԽȣ

֯ŲȥһµģȻ˵˵ʲôҿǰͲң

㰡ڿˣôһСҹӣһ²

һۣǴԺûˣȻҲⲻ˺ܾõྡ

ˣаһ¡ͻȻЩ˵

㶣ɻĿ

ЦЦ˼ȻҪͷģԺʲô£һЩ

ʲôĸСҷȻĵġô˵Ҳûص

˵ˣŸоЩԣĸоЩֵֹģ˵ʲôطԡ

Ȼ֪õġͻȻЦļȻִӻͳһҵݸǰЩȥΪ˵ĻǸġ

Ҳû룬ӹ£ȥúллĸס

Цŵͷ

ŲŷɫѾˣҲûٶܿ׼ȥˣȥ

֪ΪʲôܸоʲôҪһ㣬ȴ־Լˡ

ûñ㵽ŵʱĻڻ糺ǰ׼š

նʱ֯ͻȻĴһæ˽϶ĵ˵СͶԾˣ

ѵһ

ɫĴֱˤڵϣذ


37

ת, Ŀ͵֯, ŵʵ֯ո˵˵ʲôôˣ

֯ٴţʿˮæ͵, СǴȥʱ, ·һȺ˿ܣҲ֪巢ʲô, ˵СֱͶԾˣ

, ʱֻо˫һֱӴӵϻ, ú糺֪ʱˣһѷס塣



֯Ҳһæǰ

û£ûµġڰ, ͼԼƽֲԾķ糺, ȴԼҲδ

֯ʲô˹ȥˣɡҵˣ˶֯ٴʵ

֯ģ, ҲòУֵѾ˹ȥˣڵȴû֪, ūͳȥϢҰڸеū澱á

˵꣬֯ſתƾҪȥ

ʱҳһ㣬Ļܰס׼֯һȥһ£Һһȥ

ֻǻûӵ㱻קסˣ㶵ĻͷɻĿ糺ү

糺ûȴͣ֯˵޷һȥ
ǣү

֯һ£߹޷磬һʱЩ⣬ȴҲû˵ʲôһ˸

糺ֶǰз̵ѾǷԸǶȥɡ

ܿ죬ټֻʣǶˡ

Ȼ糺קסȴҲûзеǵģ㾲ĿǶˣųʵүǺ⣿

糺ſ͵侲һЩȻҶС㲢˽⣬Сһ𳤴󣬰ҲӦףСΪƫƫճ㣬ΪͻȻһȺޢѵһж̫ɺ𣿡

ԣ˳Ĭ֮Уʵϸ룬ȷʵΣûһжôɡ

Сͬ˵ʲô糺ʵ

Ҳû˵ʲô˵һЩ˵ͻȻʱ˵һʱȻоЩԣȴҲûü룬뵹еںһ㡣

ɻı飬糺Ҳδٳ

ԽԽ֣Ļͷ·֪ջᷢôһһ㣬һһưŵģҲӦð

Ϊⳡ£ķҲֲʲôôģ©˻

ɻ󲻽ʱȻǰ糺鷿еĻ˹ȥүǲ֪ô£

糺ҡҡͷùϵһ赹һȻƵߣ˵ҲҲµûĻֻһСԵݵһ

Ӹո߱һֱ糺ʱɷֱλεһʺĺۼһ£ǻץġ

̧

糺ͷţ

ʵոҲµˣȴЩŶѣٺһ˽⣬ʵ벻ôʲô

үΪô˵Ȼ˵ͱɸĻ£ǳɹͲԹСݻţϷ˵ӦҲǲ֪ģԺҲܻȥˡһ߶ˮһ߶糺

ԣ糺ȴЦЦ˵Ϊ˵ⳡأ

ţδüڲˮԱ㲻̧Ŀ

ʵ벻ԭ

ͲҪСݡ糺ֽ͵ҲǰײģСƺϲˣ˺ֻһͨԻ˼ҡ

ͻȻϢһʱЩӦôҲû뵽ôһǰ糺˵ǹ˵µĻ£ܰѹĿƣһеҲ˵ͨ

ϸ룬ϲˣҲ⡣

鷿үŻǰ˵˻Ҳǳˡ

糺޿ɺǵĵͷ

ʵģЩһƣͲ˵

ûٳֱӴӵȻƵ糺ĺ棬糺׼뿪

Ҫȥ𣿡糺Ϊǲġ

ûгӦͷȥ

糺

ȻողǵĲ²⣬ӦþˣȻ½װضһ·糺Է

µ糺һ±ƣɻĲͷһԵʵ

ûתȥݣûһһƿҩ»ص糺ǰ

ָҡ΢΢̧ͷ˵

糿ƺһ£ܿʶĽֵݸ

ҩƿָմһҩ࣬Ȼץ֣ҩһĴ糺ֱĨȣүɵ𣿶ץҲ֪һ

糺

Ĩҩ࣬ΪɵĸһЩҲû̫ı糺ֱ״˼¡

ȵϢֱߣůůģġ

ϵ糺ǰˣĪоʲôҪ֮

38


ˡ

ҩɵҲ, ŷſ糺, ̧ͷҪʱ򣬺Ȼֱֱײ

̫Уһ, Ҫ˵Щʲôʱ, 糺ȴͻȻסһѽ̽, Ҫ˵ĻҲڴ֮䡣



ſ糺ļ, ôҲûͻȻôһعװƵĵĴ, ˷ǵĸ

գûսʤԼǣ˫ֲ֪ĻĲ棬һǵС

صԼԺʱ, ûã֯ҴҵĻˡ

ôˣæʵ

֯˿, ſ˵ū澺޷ȥʱ򣬹Ѿȥˣ˵ѾץסȺСͶԾһȺޢһȥ˹ٸ

⻰΢΢Щ, 糺Ĳ²⣬һвŪһϷȺޢᱻץס

أ˼˴, ٴżʵѲɼƻʧܣҲץȥˣ

֯ͻȻɫЩԥµĵ˵СȷʵͶˣˡźʬףɡûҵС㡭

˵꣬֯ΪغµĻ赹վ׼ʱ׼ǰס

֯Ļ˳˼Ҳû˼עһ֯뷨ǵ֯˵ӣȻǶǺܳһֱ档

˵ͶԾˣʱӦ̵ܴʬ׵ģȹƺȷ糺Ĳ룬Ҳɰࡣ

֪ˣˣɫҲˣȥϢɡͨ˵Ŷ֯˵

䣬֯ƺЩģ
ҡҡͷֵ޷ûµġ

֯뿪һҲ׼ϴϢˣҲ֪ʲô᲻Ტ֪һУʱȥһ˹

մǣȻʲôĻ˵ϣɶۿȥŷĻˣʱֽ

ץʱͻȻָкﲻԣƺи΢΢ӲĶһ²źȻ뵽ʲôæԼݡ

ʱ򣬵ʱҲû룬ֱӴˣڿ⻤ʲô

ܿһѼڻϻһӣȻִٳһֽ

΢΢˸⣬ֽ򿪣ּһ֪ģʱһ

ֽϽһж˵ˣһȷʵֻݵһϷѣȺޢȴģǰ͵͵Ƿ˼ϢôһҲ֪һеģ⵹ˣͻȻ֪ͶӵЦ

Ϊôֽϵǲδ˵ֻǸһַ뵽糺˵ĻҲ֪һš

õֽҲǳ׵ķʱо˳࣬ҹ˯һþ

һ硣

ֽ糺鷿²ĽֽݸúЦĿ˵Ȼү˵ǰ㣬ȷʵֻǼһ

糺һʼͲµĲ࣬ԿֽҲûྪȣֻǳͷѡ

Ҳû˵ָֻֽĵַ˵Ӧסĵطɣһȥɺã

糺ġšһ˵⼸տ϶ǲеģھֵз˶ӵģڲʱ򡣡

ԣͷȻ֪ģŲ˼ʱȥġ

Ǵȥһ˹ģ˵ĵ˹ȥҲģѾлˣǵȼȥ

֪һеģȹ˵ĵιȥҲֻ֪ӶѣҲûൣġ

аȵĴպ󣬾еķ綯ҲȾȥ˲٣žȥ塣

գһصѣ糺һİ˸ڴ֪ԽԽã֯ûдϣ޷絹Ǹ糺

˼һ·Сĵĳ˾ǣֽµĵַһ·Ĺȥ

ϣ͸ڣĴţûôȥǣʱȻЩģֻﾩԽԽԶĴƬɫɽˮɫƯˡ

ӣɿ糺ɵɵʵү᲻ڰиǰ

Ϊ˵糺

޹գգֵۣûʲô˵Ķѣ֮ǰҿĻͨ¶˰вٿš



糺εԴϴζðٿһЩ˻ˣ

ԣһۡ

µĵַһɽϣ糺֮ǰ˵ײϲӣǸͨԻ˼ңȷʵˡ

糺޷粢δȥǼڲԶţһǰһũ˹ȥײԺɹһЩҩ

㡣Цųһ
ͷǲ۾һæеĻܹţˣ

ɽƺֻһũ嵹ǹҲĻᱻ˿

ݣɺ̽̽Դ뿴Ǹˣֻʱûڡ

֪ˣ忴ӣЦ˵

Цŵͷ

忴Ȼ˵ɽȥˣܵðܻɡ

壬˵еǣϲԾı¶һƬᣬжŹʡ

˵ʵڴ֮ǰδ뵽һܺ͡ᡱʴϱߣļһֱִֵӣۼ⸱ģȴһҲûΥ͸У·һֱˡ

ĺϲҲ΢΢Цţ˵

岻ڨڨЦЦûг

Сһ𳤴ģȻҲûô⻰˳һĵģһ߳һ˵ﻰ

˵˺ܶܶ࣬ĳǲ߻ⳡļıһһʶһ㡣

Ľ㡣һʱпĽĸ飬·Ļӡ

䣬һۣûĽɶ㿴˼ãҪúϧ

˵ĵЩڨڨĵͷ

ʵɣ֮ǰҲĸôҵĻ¶νֱҲžϲһжãһֱʲôݡͻȻĿ棬˵ĩ˲ֽϣϲʱ۾ŷϴǱʱҾͷһƬᣬ԰ĺܺá

ʱ糺Ѿϲ

뿪ũʱԶ㿴˲֪ʱѾ糺ϣɫϣ·ǸһɫĹâŲۡ

ͻȻЦˡ

ֱܹȥһ˽Ļ

ǰڴϵ𶯣

һ



39

ɽʱ, ȫεƮ첻, ôŶоԣôͻȻȱס糺ˣ

һԵ糺еģ·ʲôҲûһ, ͵͵, òĵ

ôˣ糺ͻȻʵ

΢΢һʶĴŲԼ, ûû°

ûע⵽, Ļ˵糺Ǳ㻺γһÿĻȡҲٴΰ, ڽﲻһ

ֹûã糺ͻȻֿʵҰζ𣿡

ţһ£ЩɻĿ

糺ЦЦȻǶ, ЩȥҲ٣ȻҲ, ҰζǿԵġ

һʱЩǲԼˣûϵ糺Ȼô˵ѯʵ㶵ĵͷð

޷һСϪ߽ͣ£˴

ľɫƯ, СϪдеľϿ˸ָĵҰ峺׵Ϫˮ, лʱʱõķ·һƬԴ

Ҳ˸ղε£ܵһȻתЦŶ糺˵ү㿴Ư

糺ᡰšһӦĻ
޷类糺ȥдȥˣϪյĵš

峺Ϫˮ²糺үҿˮ𣿡
Ȼѯ糺һԵȴѵԼЬӣȹϪˮУҲֻεЦЦ

ҪʢĵʱϪˮԵøˬһˮоȫʱɢ˲٣һˮϴϴ

վʱײ糺ߣҲ֪ôͻȻЩ磬ѸһˮȥȴۼֿĶ㿪ˡ



ʲô糺һ֪ʵʵ

ҪʱͻȻԼĽű߲֪ʱιһ㣬һ£ȻѸٶ糺һĶûлҲûʱȥܡ

ʱѾȫעĶ㣬СˮŲŽŲһһĿƺδΣս٣ĵݡ

Ŀϣһ̣Ѹſ˹ȥͨһˮĽ

糺ɻĻιʱ㿴һƨˮƲԼ·һֻһģ


糺

ôҲû뵽ǰȻֱӴ˹ȥŵһֱˤˮ

ֻһʪĴСϪ޹Ŀ糺ƺ̾˿Ȼ˵ﻹһҵı·ȥһ°ɣȻҪȾϷ纮Ͳˡ

ԣæܵԼȫʪ·Ȼ֮ǰҲû͵͵Ůװ糺·̫ˣɿģЩǺܷ㣬ҲܱԼʪ·

ȥʱ糺ѽϵŸоöˡ

޷ַܿյҰʲôĻˣ糺·ʱһľ㵣ҲҶ˵ʲôֻﰵԲ²뿪ᷢʲô

޷ı飬֪ʲô뿪ڽͣȴ뵽Խ˵ԽңջһĬһʲô֪ӡ

ɫ޷һ˻ѡ

糺ŴõҰãʼڻϣûñ㴫Ӷʼ糺ߣŻҰã̿ˮ

һ糺һżģЦЦϴǰ㣬ֱϴҧһֻ𣿡

ţ֪Ĳ糺˵ϴöʱ򣬶ʱɵһۡ

Ҫһֻȣ˵

ſĲˣ糺˺һֻȵݸĵ㣬С̣

ͲĲУæƴͷȻСĽӹȣССҧһں󣬶ʱһ㡣

ô糺ʵ

ۣĵĳ޵ţ㣬үչȻһ㣡

ʵ֪糺ִӴ̵ģʱضһطӪϢҰζǱزա

Աڲݵϣ̧ͷǿգ糺򻺻һЩɲȻ󾲾Ŀŵϵ

ڴʱȻǰһ̹⣬˲뵽ʲôæӵ̹ȥ

ܿ죬б㵽˸̹⣬һһڿз裬ںҹɾһ㡣

ͷĴ̹⣬糺֪ʱҲ˹ָ̹⾪ϲ˵үө棬ööө棡

˵꣬Ҳûȥע糺ı飬ĿǰһֻөϣԹץסеĹ켣תʱÿ糺һץס

Ҳû룬æ΢΢糺ճȭֻ֣쿪ģ˸̹өʱϷȥ

ƵЦţ̹ĿȻ糺С

۵ǳǳЦ⣬Ź⣡

Ĳá


40

û, , Сȷʵ⵽ޢĿţŲͶԾˣǺ, ھٴ۷׷׺, Ҳǳ׹ȥˡ

Ϸ˺ԼҲ֪ʲô, ֻ¶ڹ˵̫ڶ, Ȩ֮£ҲĬͶԾˡ

ڹͱɸȴûҲ, Ȼû壬лһλС˵֮ǰҲ˵£԰Ĳû

ү˵, ĸῼǽ޹ȥɸԺµϣȻĳˮ, һ糺ʵ

糺ᡰšһֵҲһʵǺܺʣϷ˼Ȼû˵ȻԼĿ

ԣӵͷ, ҲȥˣϷҪôҲ, ҲǲЩУȻǲȥĹ¡

ˣտܵûһˡƺ뵽ʲôֶ糺˵Ϊﻹûȥһˡ

䣬糺ƺҲ⣬Ļ˵㰢һ𡣡

ϵĶһ£ܿЦŵͷˬð

ڶա

糺һȥ˹

һȥϳˣԲδڸУӼϷˣҲûˣǸһӣȦһɫķ顣

ү֪ͻȻν£ϷЦŵʵ

˵꣬糺ûѾǰţʹģ΢΢ʵĸġ

ȻµϷӦ֪Щʲô⸮Ҳ˶ӵģĹϵرã£ǲֳ⸱ģ˿϶еֵġ

úӣϷͻȻסǺһģڰο



ôҲûϵϷ˻ᱧסΪ֪Ҳͺˣûֳʲôš

һͨ̾Ժ˻糺Ϸŵڿ԰ĳ䵱ǽ

Ȼ˵Ĳˣǰ֯ᳵ·Ժȥ糺ɾ

뿪Ҳһµʱ䣬ﵹҲûʲôµı仯ҲûֱͣԺȥ

·԰ʱٴλ竺ɫĴ쾸ֻεûײʲôŵ£һ۵ҲĹؾصġ

硣ӭײˣҲûװҲ֪Ĵк

쾸ͣ½ŲƺЩͻȻ´һĿ˵ûˣ

ֱᡰšһ뿪
쾸ֱͦͦĶǰ棬ͻȻЦ˵żȥģǡãʡ

ɲɶ׼û£һ̲ģʲô

䣬쾸Լ򦣬Ц˵ǰЩӵøп˲ίأ



˵ɶأԭŮ˴򱧲ƽˣ

ϢҸпǳԺ˯ãǲţȥүүǰأ˵

쾸Ȼǲûȥ糺һۣûˣ֪˽۸ã

⻰΢΢˳飬ĳûˣӾֻŮɫˣͻȻЩͬҲͦ˶ãҪϡ

û£Ҿ뿪ˡ˵ֱ꣬Ӵһƹȥʵٴ

˻԰оԼ鶼Ǹƻ˲١

ԺӣŽղŵĻ֮Ժתһʹѵ飬ǰȥ

𣿡ſڵ֡

̾һ΢΢ūĵĺüû´ˣҲôʳҪȰȰ˰ϾܸС㰡

һ£֪֪һУҪΪˣͷοַģá

֯һţһŻ߽ȥﾲĵģֱݵԴȥȻڴϡ

Ǌ𣿡ϴӸոձƺϤʱŲʵ

ͷ粽ǰңĸף

ʱһæǰסŵʵĸôˣ

ЦЦ˵ģûµġ

һ۱㷢ģװģʱĵʵĸΪΣ¡

Ȼ֪ġȻ˵⸮е۾ֻװװӣİɣûµģԼԼ֪

̾˿ôҲû뵽ǼϷǶȻκ֪ģҲֻԼºˡ

˼˴ͻȻЩᡣ
￿ڴϣЦȥˣ𣿡

Щ˫֣ʹԼЦ˵ǰЩӸȥˣܺúҸĸ׷İɣ

ԣﲻЦŵͷǡã

š

ǣ

ʱͻȻһ죬֯Сô

һ˲䣬ﶼסˡ

ܿ㷴Ӧæļ򣬵ĸ׷ģȥȥͻ˵꣬ͷҲصĳӡ

Ժ֪ʱʱľ㵣ʱæת׼

֪ո˵ĻʱҲ룬ֱǰץס˵Ľҹһ¡

˵㲻ɷ˵ֱקȥ

Ҫʲôſңƴš

ȴҲ˲ֱ̫࣬ӵһ䡰ҪĽ˵˵ĻǸȥæɡקԺӡ

ţſң˰

ݲͬˣȻû˸Υǰ

һƫƧ˵ĵطɿȻĶ

æһУڲԼקס󣬶ʱŭ˵ȻôңΪ¡㡭

ɴһ£ҲԽԽС񻹴δһʱ侹Щ¡

ˣＸƴά£Ȼʱ£֪ʱжൣģ຦£

ĽôԺӣ鶯д˿Ѿûһ¶ȣʵЩˡ

ǿԼ侲һЩƯĿ˵Ҿ͡ﲻ𣿡

ʵǸոڻ԰Щĸ˹û뵽Ȼһܡ

Ȼû

֪ʱжô𾪣Բһʱ챩¶Լ٣֯ˡ

Цţһ߹



41

ǰС

糺ҲͺϷһ, ޷뿪, ֻճײ˴Ҵææܹ֯

ۿҪײʱ֯Ǽʱɲס˽Ųæͷū澼ү

ʲô£糺ʵ, ֯ʱӦߵ, ʱæȻ·

䣬֯ҲѸٿ˵ү, ֪ΪͻȻС뿪, ū澿ˣūС, ûӼյģ

糺һ£Ҳû˵ʲôֱӵȥ߱˵

Ļ, ֺ˼ɲϷ, ˵ô󣬻

ͣ½ŲȻЦˣ˵û, ͵͵ˣʲô

˭˵ˣ˵Ķʱ۾Ȼƺͨʲô, ܿһȻģЦٴοڵΪˣûҾ͵ô徹Ȼûһܣʲôڸµǣ

˵꣬ΪѱʱʼҲû˸ո麦µӡ

һΪǵģҡҡͷеЦ㡰ҲˣճС㣬ԶֻģԶҲı䲻˵ģ

㡭˲ᣬŭʲôõģճ㲻ͿҸ㣬ʲôҲǣ

Ȼᱻ⼸仰˫ֻصĿЩЦǿôأһƫƫ
˵ʵʱòУֵţȥ߸׺ĸ£ǶŰɣֻҲˣ

˵꣬Ϊ˻¶µ飬ȴһµģȻһһ߹촽΢Ѱ·Ҳ㣬һǺĵһ¡

ͣǰ΢΢ԴǹЦ⣬˵ľĸ͸׻һҲ֪飿ǿǸȫ̴ģʲôҲ˽ģΪĸ׻²ʲô𣿡

ôᡭԣɴ˫ۣŰ֪ܡ

ʲôٴγ˵ܷŪ˾֪𺦵Ŀ棬ø׺ĸôǲţھȥĸ

˶٣ּ˺˵үڿʲôҵģү㣬ĸΪºү˺𣿱Ϊ֪Ƕô˲ܣ֪Խ࣬͵Լţ

ԣֱ̱ڵϣŵҡҡͷġ

˵Ҳ˵ˣһ۵ϵ׼뿪ﻹأϾʱ϶İ

ת㷢ǰ²֪ͺʱ˼ˣϵ糺ۣ޷֯򰲾վһ£Ҳ֪ˡ

Ҳû⣬ܿ췴ӦŲ߹ȥ˵ԭүҲϲ͵ǽǰ

糺

Ҳֵүڴ˵һ¡

˵ֱ꣬Ժȥ

ʱȻǵĵĲˣｹĲУ˰ڼˣæʵôˊոտѾ֪£ô찡

һ֣һ߿ڰοĸ׷ģûµģһҶѾ˰ţѵûµģ°ԺҲ֪ģ

ᶨǰοԼ¿ڴϣȻ֣۽˸飬΢΢Ц˵治֪ôлĺáǊˣܶһˣ

ЦЦĸ׻ĸҪлңǾͺúñԼźãϲĥԼ֪ˣɸˣ

ԣﲻΪЦͷ

Ժӣ֪ΪΣͻȻоЩѹ֣ټĹǳ˵ޣ˷ʤ

棬糺˺վ£΢縡Ƭ΢΢ƵҶϵ˾￴

棬ӯ۵׵ˮڻʪ۽ǡŲӻ߹ȥĪİ·´˿Ҳûʲô˵ġ
Сϡ

糺ţϵ˺Ȼ˵˵Ҷǵһμģǡ

бۡ

糺ֵͦµġ

䣬Цˣ˵үԺɵעһЩĪҪǵˣ

ֻ˵һЦȴĵͷá



үĸ˵Щʲôתƻ

ԣ糺ЦЦſڽӵϷ˵˼ӦǴЩֵΪŮ

˵Щɻţĸν⣿˵꣬뵽ʲôæֵ׼ֵͱɸ

š糺ͷ

룬ͻȻſеΣͣ½ŲЩʵּĸôү˵

˵˽˼£Ϸû֮ǰ϶ǲ˵ġ

糺û̧

ⳡΪӣ糺վӣô͹ҲһϵģǵҲˡ

׺ȻҲûȥٶʣȻ֪ѯʣ糺Ҳǻ֪޲ԵģҲǶȤ

ʯСûãͻȻǰһϾɵǧʵľǧȻ˴ɨȻܿµĺۼ

ϵ糰ͻȻоͣ£ɺ˳Ŀȥǧʱһ£ܿ㿪ʵǧ

ű񣬶ʱЦЦ˵ֲСӣôͻȻֻǡ

ֻǸǧ̫ϤˣʱڼĻ治ɿʼԺ¸ֳ

ǵãǧСʱΪģʱڸûб飬ϷҲôǣҲֻԼ档

żȻһΣ·Ժʱ㷢ǧ棬ЦĿɿˣǺĽ

ȥʱ㲻µĲҲҪҪǧǺеǧֻû뵽ǣôȥˣǧȻ

糺΢΢ȻЦ˵ǹȥһɣ

Ҳûоܾ糺ȥȻԼʱʮٴǧһ˲䣬оԼֻصСʱʱ߳˵㣬ֵˣӦţȴɲԸ

ɢϣůģˣ⿴һԵ糺

ͻȻЦˡ

֪˻һֱ

42

, Ҳûڹ, ܿϷ˸ˣȻ˾ͻȥˡ

ϣ糺һ, һֻ΢΢, ˵үΣ

˵ǰףСӦҲʶȤ, ҹܷſľͺáȻͻȻûͷûԵôһ, 糺ȴʵʲô㵭

ش, ʵЩȣΪ糺ָ£ȴشɴࡣ

ʵȻѾǺúÿһ£Щ˻ûȥϷ˵, Ҳȷʵ֮ǰ˵ǰ㣬˵Ҳ޷, ȻҲа취壬ҪĴȥҲãϣͺá

ЦЦ˵, ү

ȻǻȥŲգǱ߱㴫Ϣ, ˵ϷԼǱһλò绨Ůᣬһµµױͱɸϲ

Ц⴫ȥ󣬾еĸʿҲٲ˷ֵһҲû˵ЩʲôϾֻҵ£ҲĿֶѡ

֯˵Ҳû⣬ԳŷһһȣյģɸпţȻ֪оѾʢˡ

ϷôֵΪŮСĻ£С㻹ǡ֯ƺЩ⣬߷ߵߵ˵š



Ϣӿǣһ··εʱоһˬİڰ֣ſڵ޾ȥ£ɲϡⳡµģ֯ԺĪҪ˵ֻ

ǣū֪ˡ֯æӦš

̫̫һ綼ûôӣҲֻܵûôҵʱ׼ߡ

µ糺ͻȻһ㱻ϽȥˣһҲ֪Ҫֻڸɢɢ

տ԰ĺɻѾˣȥЩ޾ɣ֯һ鵽

䣬΢΢һ£˵ҲмûȥǱû뵽ĺɻѾˣ˼˴ɵͷţ͹ȥɣ

һ˻δߵɻأѾܵһ˱Ƕ㣬ߵرʱŷïʢĺɻУɫҶǵ׺ŷۺɫעĿ

صĺɻȤ֯һֻԱߵĺɻڱǰţˣһֻݸ֯ɻǺ֮ǰЩ㻹ǵүǴƹ𣿡

֯Ż룬ҲֻūҲ

ҲȥĺɻͻȻ뵽ʲôæֵ֯ȥг¹ܼҹһˡ

֯ȻЩʱ򺰹ܼӦţȻתȥˡ

ûһ֯ų¹ܼҹˣһһ߻ū֪ʲôҪūæ

ʾ񣬿ڵ¹ܼңпСۣժЩɻŷһЩɻ˵үͦϲġ

Գ¹ܼҲɵͷЦ˵С۸еһֻ½ȥãοͷȥ

޷ұҲ£ÿԴʱ䡣ڵ

ô˵ˣ¹ܼȻҲû˵Щʲôܿ˽С̧ɻС۵Ҳ򵥣ҲֻˣˣȤȻȹȥ

֯һݸ֯ģȻСۺ׻֯˵Щ㡣

¹ܼҼˣ˸еһλжվڴβ

СۻмȥŻʱʱһЩԼߵĺɻĻ꣬ɻֻҪһЩͺãǲδûһˡ

ʱʱ磬ȻҲǲżжٶȣһŻ굹Ҳֺܿ컨㱻˻ꡣ

ʱͻȻߴ糺ѯ֯ïʢҶס˵͵͵Ц

һ̣ͻȻ󡰺䣡䣡죬ʶĺѰȥֻ޷εİ֣糺̤ű̵ĺҶֱӴӰֱ߱ĳС۵ķˡ

ȻûüӦ㷢ֱվڴβжͻȻˣֻʣ糺е



ʲô飿糺ʵ

΢΢ͷǱ޷ѾһжصˣȻſ糺ȵүôͻȻˣ

糺Цţ˼ģ˵˵ΪɻȻҪæ

䣬ɳ˳ǣܿĺүո޷ʩչṦ𣿡

˵ʵṦֶֻЩͷһؿȻǸоеûʶļ

糺һ£ƺûϵͻȻȤǵͷ

ĺ˧ɸ̾

ԣϵ糺ɽ䡣

ƺδʲôɸпţүܺ޷ѧ
û˵꣬㱻һקǿˡ

ܿ죬糺ַſ˵ھأ

ʱȻǷӦɺЦļ޷ղŵṦĺá

ٴα˷ס˿ڡ

糺ٴηſʱסǵЦ⣬ʵү

糺û

⸱ģҲ̲סɹЦ糺ϲɸԹĶ

סЦ⣬糺ȥȻ˫Ц˵ҵһη֣ԭүôɰ

˵꣬Ҳ糺ĻᣬֱӵͷסĴݡ

װ˻ĻֱӡžһˮС

ֻСϵȴƺδע⵽


43

糺ôһ, Ҳǰæһ, СϣˮƮĺɻ꣬һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá

һԵ糺, չüͷ, ˵޷ժһá

, ɵһ, һصĺɻտû٣һ, ɻضûˡ

糺ֻ޹Ŀ



ΪһصĺɻȻҲûȥˣúɻȻǲ֮

ȥʱ֯ͻȻӺ, ˵ոչеҽ˹˼仰

ҽϴа糺ȵҽ

, ʵһ£Щһֱ£ǴҽˣҲûȥ̽糺̬ȡ

˼˴æ֯, ʵҽ˵ʲô

˹ǷѾȰ׵˵ҽѾо˼ζҩ, ɷȥһ˹С֯ȻЩɻ󣬲ʵһһ˵

룬ܿͷȥˣ˵ջȥһ˵ġ
ǡ֯Ҵҳȥˡ

ʵʵڲ֪ȥ̽糺˼Ƚϲֱֱ˵ҲҪĨǵίʵܣȻ£ҪŵĻôҲùһ¡

سһһٴγ糺Ժȥ뻹Ǿֱ̯˵ȽϺá

糺ԺʱĪоЩ֣Ժﾲĵģһ˵Ӱƽʱվڵ޷Ҳˣ΢΢

糺ķõĳ洫OO@@ҪΪˣҲûж룬ֱӳȥ

ƺ˴סˣôҲƲɿʼɻˣ糺һڷʲôţĺү

䣬㴫糺Ϥ𣿡

еү˵ص

ȴһʱû׼οʱ糺ڵǰһ̡

ǺĲˣɼȻ糺ô˵ˣҲû취ţֻţĵԭת˰죬ͻȻʲô·ӵĺ档

ǵһ糺Ĳ෿ʵҲǶ뿴һµģЩ糺ǲˤڵأһʱƿ

ע⣬ֱִ̧ƿǰҴƺδΪ̶ֱƿ

￴ȥǣʱ岻ɽŵĵɴ˫ۣԴЩӦˡ

ƺҲһֱֱĺš

һʱ䣬øĬ

үʱعæŲѸתͷȻµĿ˵үǡİɣҡȻȥˣ

˵꣬Ҳ糺ĻᣬֱӽŵĨͰ˲뿪ˣȻһ䣬ٴλˣͷֽϣ˵ү

糺

ֱһܳ糺ԺӣһţͼԼƽԺȴһֱָոĻ档

糺Ȼԡ

ѵ㣡Լ˦ԺеĻ档

һ·ֱӻصԼӣڵĳӶˣոΪҪǷȥ򿪴ǡͷۣ

Ǳ糺˵˵ȵ⣬ŪȻһʱû취ڣҲֻȷŷˡ

һ磬ֻ֪ͨ糺һҪţҲĻӦֱӴ֯Ÿеˡ

ǹſڵΪ糺Ҳδֱһ·ҽԺ

ҽѾȺʱ˱ֱӺ˵΢

ҽض񡣡ӦţȻæʵҽоκүҩˣ

ԣҽһ𼸷õҩݸ˵˵Цˣү㼸ҩܸκõģֻǻѪͨģʵҪվҪүÿԼ뿪ΣټҩЧЧ

䣬ƶǶĵͷ

ҽ̾˿˵΢˵򵥣ʵ⵱ȷʵУܲܳ˭Ҳ˵ãЩҩֻǵһѡ

ֻ֪糺ȣǰףǾֻһɰգҲȥ԰վ
֯Ƚеҩ͵ȥ¼ҽһЩ⡣

ܿ죬֯ҩصϣȻ׵ĽǷ˼»ȥ

Ȼǰ棬ͻȻ洫һ죬ܵ濴˿ƺҲûʲô£ƻȥˡ

δڹдãܿ׼ظ·ͻȻֱõҩʱƺЩɢҲû⣬ֻǱ¡

ϵǼҩ

44

糺⴩͢Ĺʱ, ͻȻǰиϤӰ, һᲽ˹ȥ

, ƺЩ΢, ܿתӣͷ΢΢̫ӵ£

糺⵹Ҳû, Ͻģ, ֻļ̾˿˵˵ٴ, û˵ʱǰԼġ

ʺ񣬲»ǵԹ¡̧糺һֵۣͷ˵

ԣ糺Ҳֻҡҡͷ, Ҳȥˣ˵Щʲôʱ, ͻȻɨżҩôҩȥĶ

䣬Ӳɵһ΢ɲĽҩԼŲŲȻ͵ص, ЩҩԼҪõģЩʣԸոȥ̫ҽԺץҩ

岻ʣûʲô󰭰ɣ糺΢΢üͷʵ

赣, һЩСëѣû»¾Ȼȥˡֽҩµ˵˼糺ͷ΢΢ӣȻ뿪˳ȡ

糺ȥıӰ΢΢һ£ܸоЩ֣ҲûʲôԵĵطأҡҡͷ̧ܿҲ뿪

Ǳ߱ѾʧڹսǴʱͻȻֻͷ糺ıӰȻеļҩǴ΢΢Цⶢһֱۣ˦ֽҩ˳ȥ

õҩ˲ڿб׳һȣת۱һïʢĻУټ

ȥʱ̫Ѿҵİ죬ȵ˸о룬˸Ƿҩ

ʱ޷ƺ֪ʱһ㣬վŴʱ

Ҳû⣬Ӧ糺ģ˼˴㽫еҩݸ֯Ը֯ȰҰǻȥɣСĵ㣬ɱŪˣ

ǡ֯Ӧţֽӹҩֱ뿪ˡ

Żͷ޷绺˵߰ɣȥүɣ

˱ֱ鷿Ŷʱ糺̧΢΢һ£˵ĶԾһĻ



ֻε̹Ȼ߹ȥȳʵүʲô

糺һʲôҲģǳĿڵڵȰ

ǺͨĻ糺˾˵о΢΢Щ̣е㲻Ȼ£Ȼſү

糺֮ǰдʲôʱշеëʡ

ۿȥƺ֣ʵ鷨ʲôûʲôо糺ǿԿģҲʲô

ΣĿԼּϣ糺˳ųʵ

ԣֻܻͷ޹糺үҪ滰𣿡

ĪĻʵ糺΢΢ôҲû뵽ôʣЦЦĶʣ滰ǣ

ǸоͦġҲŰֽϵּʵ˵

糺

ֻһתļ˵үҲҵ˼ҿЩҵҲˣÿֵĴСһеҶϲϺõİɡ

糺ƺһ˵һʱ䵹ЩЦá

Աߵ޹ʼ硣

ȥˣ糺Ҳټ⣬Լ֣Ȼʵ

԰ʵĵͷ糺֪Ҳû֣ҲûҪ˼

䣬ϵ˵ͻȻûˣֵĶүͻȻȥʲô𣿡

ǰȥν£糺˳Ļʵ



ûһۣ㿪ڽ͵ȥҽһˣ˳һЩҩҵҪǡ

Ļû˵꣬糺ϵҵģ

̶̵ֵҭסˣһʱ֪˵ʲôˣǣʲô֪

ǰүȵġ˶١ֱֻ˵

ҽ˵糺ʵеųģµ˵꣬ȴϷŹÿ顣

糺һҲûֳų˼º͵ͷ˵ǵ鷳ҽͰˣ

үԸˣ΢΢ȵĿ˵

糺ͷΪΪҲԸƣ

糺ĻʵЩϲӦţǾͺǾͺã

糺ûٳ˵ʲôֻǾĿŸ˵ɵЦ֮ǰȷʵѾԼ˫ȣܲվҲûʲôڴģֻһˡ

Ҳ֪ǴʱʼǵһμǰˣҲڵ֪ΪԼʱͻȻͲȥˣʼվӵ뻳

֪ǰʲôƽЦſڵǾô˵ˣһලүү·Ҿ͡

ԣ糺ЩЦĽĻ˵

͡⻰ֻ˵ģͻȻôʣǲ֪˵Щʲôˣֻ˼̣һûãٸү

䣬糺˵һã
΢΢һ㶣üۣǲɻţ

糺һùźһ˻صԼԺӣ֯ʵ֯ȥŪһҩչ
֯ԺܿҴҳȥˡ

ڵչ޵Ŀ϶طһҩҩһȥãҲ£֯˰ͺãҲòűˡ

ܿ죬֯һµչ޻ū޷Ūģ˵ǡʲôţǷǳʺҩġ

ͷȻȤ㲻ǲϲ޷磬˵һôһʱȥ

ԣ֯ɫЩ΢죬ææı˵ʲôأūֻǡֻǳȥʱպһѡ

䣬ЦҡҡͷҲûڼȤ

ҩǸȵĴ죬һͷ󺹣֯æӹеСȣ˵ЪϢһɣū⿴žͺã

ԣͷȷʵоȵĲУֻ˵һȥҲûֱӽݣϢ

ûãԺӱƮŨŨҩζ΢΢üͷɻҩôࣿҽ˵ҩǺܿģǻе𰡡

˵ʲô֯Щûʵ

ҡҡͷģû£ӦðĲ˰ɣҽ˵һ鰾ҩ̫ڴ̼ðڶŻҩЧº͡

ǣū֪ˡ֯Ӧš

ˣҲͰĵһΪڶ΢õ㣬ζƺûı䣬ɿ಻ˡ

ʱɸе֣ǵҽ˵ҩģѵ֯ˣһС룬Ȼ֯һ㳢

ҩֻſͲˣ롣

ҩǸհõģ̵ĲУֻöС»ص

֯棬ССŻʱͻȻﴫһž죬·ʲôˡ

˼˴֯æеȣһ׼ȥһߺ

ﾲĵģ˻Ӧ

45

ʱ, 糺ϿڴϻԲѵ, ɫѿתֶŹڵ֯ʵ˺£

, ֯ɲ˲, Ӳų˵үū澡ūҲô, ոū氾ҩʱͻȻﴫʲô, ū澸æʱ㿴ڵء

ֵʱ, ֯һոջúõôֱӵز𣬲ôжûãҲ֪ʲô, æܳȥˣܿ޷糺Ѷ˹

ʱ޷߽, 糺˵үѾȥﴫˣҽӦúܹܿġ

糺ͷĿȻǱ߻δɨƬֳ֯ʲô

, ѰȥæүǸҩ, ūӦþʧִˡ

ҩ䣬ϵ糺ɽüͷĿڵϵƬϲδ뿪

֯ͷѸٽ͵үϴҽԺõҩǱ㿪ʼҩֻǻ˵ʲôҩζЩԣҽ˵Щһ㵹һҩ˵Ҫ

˵꣬һԵ޷˲˳ȥûһ˽ɫЩص˵үҩж

޷Ļ֯ʱŵĵ˫ۣƴҡͷ˵ôôܣҩū澺Դҽûôж

ϵ糺ʱɫҲЩأȻ֪ҩҽģҽȻ֪֪ףȫŵĹģ˿ҩӦòʲôŶԡ

ҽҲ޴زֱڸҩ¶

˻糺ٴν֯ϣ֯Ů˵СߣûȴҲ˵Ͼһ˵Ҳ򵥡

ҩ˾֣֮ɻб糺ʵ

֯ϸ룬˵үûūڹʱϺ뿪һᣬʱֻһڡ

ԣһԵ޷ٴλĴȥˡ

˼Уȴû˷ִϱԲѵȻ˫ۣŴƺЩûع񣬻˻ŻովȻιȥ

ԼĶͷղͷ׼ʱ㷢Сڵϵ֯ʱֵĳ֯ôڵϣ˵ַ꣬һԲ֪ʱ糺ֺүôˣ

ͻȻĳеŵˣûü糺ʲô飬㿴ϵ֯һº󣬶ʱֱܹڴ£޵һѱһģѹū澲öū澵Ĵ



Ȼ֪˺£ǰοʲôⲻǺúõ𣡡

ֹ֯סᣬƴͷ

ϵͻȻоЩԣʱɫɱЩѿüͷҲԾĽһš

ƺĲԣ糺ߣĵĿʵоﲻ

ԣϵ˲һЦ⣬˵ûаүõģһҲûС˵ţּһ䣬ģ

䣬糺ûǱߵ֯æڵôûأ޷˵Ǵҩ¶ˣ˵һҪ޳ģ

⻰ҩȻжɲ˼Ŀ糺ͷЩţֺܿ췴ӦŵĿڵǡҩһûȰ

糺
֯

Ƕһ±ƣź֪ĻȻԭΪжԲ㵣ǣȷʵûüȥҩ

Ϊˡ

˵ˣЩһֱ糺ȵ£ҲͻȻ磬ؼ绹ĳһԸղ׼ҩʱ򣬱ֱӱιȥˣʧִҩ롣

ʱڴϵΪ糺ӲһҶ糺ĶƺôҲ뿪ģֻӲͷƤ˵үȻȥ𣿡

⻰糺Щ⣬˵ֻ¡

糺

糺Ҳ֪ԼǺֱӣֻое¡

糺ˣһæ֯Ը֯죡ҡ

»·ҽôҴҵĴӹи˹ڵ֪Եɺ󣬱һ˵ûʲô󰭣ǲĶ

ԣɵڴϵͷ

ʲôҽֺĵ˼ķӣȻű糺˹ȥ

֪糺Ҫ£ϾȻ˸ҩ¶󣬲ȻǶǻ֪Ϊɶ

ʱɫҲѺˣһڴҲ׼ЪϢˣ׼ȥ糺Ǹʲô׼֯ʱ糺ͻȻֹˡ

˯糺˵



46

鷿С

޷վĶ, ϵ糺˵ү, ¸ոʹˣԣҩӦϱ㱻͵͵ġ, ˵һ, ǻеʱ򡣡

ԣϵ糺΢΢ü, ָһûһεķ, ųУ

ǡ޷ͷӦš

糺ȻЦˣкվȻ, ֱӸͶȴûҲö룬˾˭ҲԶ׼⡣

ү׼Σ޷ٴγʵ

䣬糺˶ٲŻ˵ڻǶʱ򡭡ʵǲ֮, ѵҪģȻΪǸֽϻ

Ļ, ޷Ҳûٳ

һ㴫ү

ҽˡ

ܿ죬鷿Ĵű㱻ƿһٷҽ˽΢΢, 糺΢μү

Σ糺ֱӿʵ

ҽæصүҩ΢ģүҩ΢ץ, Բκβ˵Щսľ糺

糺Ȼģҽٴοʵûʲô

ԣҽ΢΢˲ͷϵĺ飬Żڽ͵ү΢ոȥˣЩʲôҩǡǡ˵ȻЩ˵ˡ

糺üʲô

ǡһԶҩҽΡΡ˵껰ôҲ벻ֽҩôͻȻͱɶˣ

Զҩ

ҽͷֵǣֶǷµĻһʼʲô£һҲѲǶʱ򣬻ᡭֱѪȻ

Ļϵ糺ʱϬ·𱦽¶ĹâЩ˺

ҽ糺Ҳٽһ˲֪ˣʱæڱү죬΢һŲ֪ģ΢Ը

˵ֱֱ꣬ͷû糺һʱͷ̧һ¡

ʱ糺ûȥעҽ飬뵽һ㽫ⶾȥѹеŭ

һԵ޷֪ʲôҽ˵ҽصǣүûҪҽ˼

ԣҽ΢΢̧糺ȷʵԼһȻֶ޷һл

糺ܿƽֶҽʵʲô󰭣
ү岢޴󰭣ǵעһЩԷʲôõ΢Ѿ˼ҩҽæص

꣬糺ŵͷҲ˽Ըٴλҽع

ʱɫѾˣ޷һ糺׼طϢʱϵȴͻȻֹȥԺӡ

޷ΰһ£ֻѵүʱӦѾЪϢˡȻ֪үڹȥҲûʲôá

糺Ժӵķ˵ҪϢ



⻰޷绹˵ɶֻԺȥ

*

糺ֻоЩ£еԼˣɻĿʵү˵ʲô

ȻСҲֻµһŴѣ浹ǻһ齣糺˯϶ʵ˼Ҫһ˯

ʵΪеܣ鷢Щ̫̫ͻȻˣеûӦѣ˵ڻ

ϵ糺һĵ˵һ飺ڰϢƽĿǣ·һƽ¡

û˵ЩʲôǱߵ֯糺ĻȴǶʱ۾ˣæӦȥ׼һЩˡ

ϵ

ӻججѵʱ糺ѾԾˣ֯ҲѸٴȻҴȥˡ

¹ƺܺãȻû⣬ȴҲûֲָĵزؾصڴ࣬ŴҲ֪Щʲô

Ե糺º㰲ı۾ȵĺ·Ѿ˯ˡ

⻹һκһ˯ͬһŴϣȻϵķҲϲˡ

˯𣿡

Ϊ˯ŵ糺ȴͻȻʵһʱûлشҲ˵ڸоô

ع̿ˮصţҽҩоˡ

˵꣬£ʵүǸҩ

û¡糺ȥˣõġ

ðɣԸ˵Ҳʣ糺ǲԼĶѡ

ʱɵĺúõ糺ͻȻӣ˫ֱֱĶȻ㶿ԼʱҴҴӣ˵˯ɣ

ԣɴĵͷȻ糺»۾

һҹΡ

ڶ峿ʱ糺Ѿˣ˯໹ڵ¶ȣҲ뿪ûá

δֱ΢΢ӣ糺˯ĵط֪ΪΣǿƲסĵ

糺ֹϢյ³Ǽˣе˶Ҳûдȥ

ЩûĶҩ϶ǲõģںܿҽ͵͵˽ץõҩ͵˸У岻㣬ҩһȻǽǡ

Ϊεˣ⼸糺ӲʲôŶƵģ죬²ۡ

¿ֻܲ糺鷿糺֣װһҩɾȵģҡҡͷϵ˵ǼΪ˿Ӱ졣

ûһ޷һ밾ҩŶ룬Ȼ߹˵үҩˡ˵㽫ҩһԣȻȻ뿪ˡ

ͷںڵҩЦŶ糺˵үҩ𣿡

糺һ룬³һ̡֣

ԣЦߣȻֿ糺˵ô̰˵꣬糺ûʲôʱüү¿ɣ

䣬ϵһۡ

Ϊ⣬ЦںСһ˵үģҽ˵ģҩģЩ
û˵꣬鷿ٴαƿνȷʵ֯޷һǣҲһҩ

ҩˣ֯߹˵Ȼ޷һ㽫ҩ±뿪ˡ

¶糺ͻȻ̧ʵ𣿡



ҽĵҩȹһΣֱǡ಻ԣʱ֯ҩüͷ糺Ļȥʱȴȿ˵ҿӦ֯ŶȰɣȻˡ



䣬糺ҲûٿԹԵֶԼҩһڱȥüͷһµġ

¿Ļ۽ġ糺Żȥ˵

һѪҪȥˡ

ȻӦǾϻֻأĹ˭

ҩǵúȵģֻܺݺݵĵ糺һۣһĶԼҩ룬һæ۾ѧ糺һˡ

꣬ɱС˳һţʱûĶ糺֣۽أ



ûӦ㱻ק˹ȥȻоĴֱֱĴϡ



471100֣

Ӳ˺ü, ǹȥ, ҽΪҩҲȵĲˣ̾˿ǵͷˡ

һ뵽Լúҩ, ʱ͸о˶ˬ, վԺ˸յƺҲĺ, ֮ǰǰȡ

үأһԵ֯ʵ

, ֯Ӧү԰ͤ

ͷ, ֱ̧ȥ糺˻԰ʱԶ㿴ͤ޷˵ʲô

߹޷΢΢ͷ

ͷ, ֱ糺Ķ棬Ŀʵү޷˵ʲôأһǾֲ˵ˡ

, 糺ĶǰĲ裬һڣų˵뿴Ϸ𣿡

ϷͻȻĻЩӦ㶵ĿŶˡ

糺ͷһʵϷ, ǵǿȥ

꣬ջߣ糺˽, ˿϶ͻȻûȥϷʲôҪˡ

ǶһôģȽ֪ǣүյĿѵ𣿡ҽ˵ǰ㣬Щ糺˺ҩ⣬Ҫ

ԣϵ˲ҡҡͷȻ󾲾Ŀ

̾˿ֻܴӵվȻ󻺻߹ȥ糺Ĵվ

տʼҲֻһվϾҲã¶һһӡ糺˵ҲүͲѵ޷Ҳ԰æ

Ҳôһ˵˿ϵ糺ȴǻ˵ǰ˵ҪѵģȻңɲܰ;ϡ

;Ͽɲ

糺˫ûʲô֪ҲʹܿվȴȻ۵ģҲûΪûһϢ

εԺ糺˯һƺûҪ뿪ҲǸ뿪һֱҲǸűӴ졣

գ糺׼˵ҪſϷ֯հʰóʱ´һȻ񶨵ҡҡͷ

ôˣĲȻҲûʲô֯ѡ·Ҳܵ壬ûⰡ

ϵ˵Ҳûʲôֱʾ޷磬Ȼ޷ǰһ· еװɻ糺

ҪȥĵطȽ⣬װһ±ȽϺá糺˵˵ƺ뵽ʲô˵֮ǰѾװ𣿡

ԣҲûѿڶţ֮ǰǴΣϴλû˵꣬ͻȻӦæס˻֪ķ糺һμʱѾϳˡ



ֻװһµĻװȻ糺ˡ¥¥

Ȼ˵ġطǺˣ

֯δ˸һյ¥£Ѹ˹֬ˮ۵ЦıȻãͷβӭ˴¥µ¥ϵİ䡣

޷絭ڰ棬ƺһжṇ̀ʱûȥעһ±һĶ糺˵ү˵ҪҿϷĵطүĳͰ

䣬糺ЦЦȻֵһݸڵĪҪԩңҲǵһֵط

ݺݵһۣӹ糺Ĳˮһɤӡ

ʵǲ糺ģ֪˵û֪֪붺ˡ

Ҳ֪ģ¥Ϊ¥Ȼе˵ﱳܴһû˸£ǹؾصģ¥ǰӡ

糺Ҳɳͷ˵ˣϷϾͿʼˡ

ðɣҲٶʵү˵ľʲôϷ

ʱ糺Ŀ͸¥µĴУȻԱߵʾ˵档

Ա˳߿ȥ¥ȺеҲûʲôģƺһϤӰ
˺󣬺ܿ㷴Ӧ΢΢Щȵ

糺ͷ϶Ļ

¥µˣǱˣղ㽫ץסӣǴԺҲûû뵽ͻȻ֡

ͻȻ뵽պ糺˵̫糺µˣ֣ɺɵʵϴûҩǾͱ˰ɣ

糺šһ

ѹ˵кϷǳ׹Ų߿糺Ц˵үʲô

ȥ֪ˡ糺쵹ǽƲƲ졣

ȻԸ˵ҲһֱУڲÿĿ棬ֱֻ϶¥ƺ¥˵ʲôһ䡣

ûãһλŮţܿ쿪߽ȥ



һӣͻȻŮӵľŷű㱻򿪣ֻոλŮĴﾪʧ˳



¥ϵ淢ĳЩɻ󲻽⣬˴һ糺ҪʲôʱͻȻ¥ٴδŮӵľ



ʱŮӵ˴ߣ˶ߣƺ̽˺¡

ʱַ֣ո黶ӭǹͻȻܵŮӵߣǳһһէǾĹˣʮԴס

˵꣬æŴ˵ʵڱǸŸλ¥Ĳǣľˮǵģ

ȥú÷̣תŮ΢ŭ

䣬Ů˲ץֱۣŵҡͷ˵Ҫ裬ˣСлҲҪȥ

¥˶ģ¥ǲȻкܶ๬֮ˣԺܶ˶ոսǸһʱɰһܿ㿪ʼ۷׷

¥ϵ

ľȻתͷϵ糺ʵүģ
ԣ糺ͷҡҡͷ

һ̹Ȼ޹ģ΢΢˳ǣ¥Ǵ̽Ϣĳ¹Ʋܴǣƽ˲ʶҲûʲôֻҪйеˣʶ˶֪ˣ

Ϊһ˵֪Լ˻ƱֱɱҪܣ糺С

ʵôͣʱ򻹴Ů˵Ŷ԰

糺ЦЦʾȥ

һ£»û꣬ٴλͷʱÿķٴα򿪣ֻһַŴһŶӣһǳʹģ

㡭

ϣ΢΢ָŮӣ˫ĿҪһ㣬ƺʲôջǷ֣תֱѸǱ¥ӰʧȺС

ôˣֵ糺

䣬糺Ƿǳ˵֣кҩ



Żǰ㼱Ҵҵ뿪ԭǼȥéޣڲ֪ȻŮ˵˶еѿĶӡ

ͷҲǳʵˡ

ɸ̾糺ǡ𣬹ڵĶˣ


48

ʱéȷʵ, ȴɱ˵ǻŭ, ýֺͷ˹ݺġ



ôʲôкҩ

һѵģصʱǰСۡ

ūżף˵ܹȻ˻

ūң£

ūżף, ˵ܹȥ¥ǲʱ˷ֵ, ʱö˶׶ģ

ūңô˵ҵһ, ǰЩһܹҽԺǱ߳, ﻹźüҩġ

ūżףǾûˣҩ϶ƻ, ⻨ǲ֢ܹ֮ܺҲǿ˰

ūӦţǰ



ȭͷ֨֨죬ɼʱжŭ

糺, ƣҧгݵ

ߵ¥Ȼ˺Ϸ, Ҳû̻ȥ

Ҳǵһ¥֮ǰһֱʶʶģһֱûеȵûᣬ糺Ĺ⣬Ȼôͻȥġ

ֻû˵ʲôʱ, 㴫һ֮һүҿԽȥ𣿡

, ֪ϳ糺٣ŹкӦûǸͦϤˡ

һԵ糺Ȼתͷ΢΢㶣С˵үģν

Ļ˵꣬ƺΪ糺ѾĬ˱ֱŶ룬ԼһװϳЩÿæ糺ԶһЩ΢΢ͷŲӵһԣ·һֵСˡ

ܿһӰ˽ˣ˰ŴԺ᰺򸮵ĳǣҲǼ˶ѡ

ųƺ糺ϵЦŶ˵ո濴޷磬Ϊˣû뵽үڴˡ

糺һۣô˴ҾͲ

ү˵ЦˣҾͿЦѡЩεЦţȻ󲻾ĿһۣҲû⣬ֽܿ糺ϣ˵үôͻȻ

糺ƽĶǰһˮɴ˴Ȼ󻺻һڲų˵ȻһϷ

䣬һ£뵽ո淢£ҲɵӣȻ糺˵ʲôϷʱ̽ʵү

á糺̧Ӧš

ǣ

үûȤȥǺһڶİ䣬滹вһġ糺ԸᣬȻɫĲ⣬Ц

ԣϵ糺ʱһۡ

ּ˵ү֪¥һεĻ𣿾Ȳ˵òɵòƳ˹ȵĻСǽһã˵˵ţһĻζҲûע糺飬ĩмһ䣬ǿϧղģ

һԵ

ݺݹһۡ

ǰɣǼסˣ

Ǳߵĳ˶ˣȻоһ쬵ģֶ糺˵ģүⷿôеĸо

ǲʲô£糺ĵ˵

ǣ

糺Ȼûиȥֻ㬵һ˻ȥˡ

ˣ糺Ż߹ȻЩЦĴ˴Ķͷ˵ôˣ

ûСϵĵҧһڣȻ糺ͷĵǲ

ӱĹĹĵģ糺ɵЦţȻôĴָǴһµĵĲ˵㣬û˺

˵꣬Ӧջ֣մǹµĵмԼĿС



ɵͷŵģ鷢µĶЩ죬糺ˣЩԽԽ

ţͻȻȴһŮСŮᣬӦǰ
᣿

һ£оеϤתһ᲻һ¥һһȻеĶˣ

Ǹʱδ޵˵˵ʱжͦ䶯ģʱǲûҵԲûпǳ

еĵģȻ֪гӱǸոĳǣû뵽糺ûȥǰ͹ˡ

ɡ˵

ԣһԵ糺ЩɻȻˣҲûʲô£СҲ޷

ܿ죬Ļ㱧һû˽һɫȹɫߣĵʳϴһ㱡ɴģģУֻɼ

˵ĵһȷʵǾޡ

΢΢һ񣬱ֱڶĵϻ£úֽе˵λãҲû˵Ļֱ⣬촽΢ĳ

ڵĿ飬СССҲμӹ٣СȻҲ˺ܶ࣬ɺǵģ⻨ᳪСȷʵǺ

ϵ糺ƺעûڻСϣͷϵĹ֦ʲôĻţˣɺƤ˹ȥ

ɢϣͷȴ糺ϣһŻСһ߶糺°Ĺ⣬ҲֱûһԼ

ͻȻͷһ

糺æеĶʵôˣ

ԣֻбĿίͰ͵Ķ糺΢΢ߵү·ϵĶеҵͷˣҶˣ

Ļ糺ʱЩЦֻñ߰Ūͷ˵㲻úõãǵÿ͵ҵˮ



糺ֻýͷɿŵԽѣû˷ͷںٵĳֱ΢΢ҵɢڼͷ

Ǳ߱ƽ˳СĻῴɢĳȴ΢΢һ㶣Ϊ˳һʱµݿ϶ϵүʱҲͲ³糺ݡ

糺Ҳֻ˵ѣֻȵǣֻսʱһۣûעӹԼһֱһԵСһЩܵľٶһЩԼò֪ŮҲ˲Ȼ

˵ĻҲ²µǱǰü޵

ʱ糺½ͷ÷˵Цģû᲻Щ

ܾ֮ǰҲôһ˰Ц˵һ˿



еͻȻһæع񣬺ܿ״̬һ߳һߵţǺƺûзС

˶˵Ĺϵã˭֪䣬ڱɴ΢΢ЦЦָҲˡ

𣿡糺ʵ

˵꣬糺ſ֣˵ˡ

ԣɺ̧ԼͷҸһ£ȷʵûʲô⣬ոջ糺һ˲ţԼˡ

û뵽үЦ˵

糺ЦЦû

ʱһҲˣҲûܿòı˳ȥоеϧոչ˵ĺ糺˵ȥˣһʱˡ

˼˴ɿ糺̾ү´һỹӰ

䣬һԵ糺һۣҲ⣬ٺٵЦš

գǾĲ糺ȥ¥ᳪСоɤԽԽȫһܰ

ɢſʱ֯ҴҴ˽

˺£Ҵҵģɺúõѯʵ

䣬֯ȴһԥģ˵ֲ˵Ŀڣ֧֧Ǹ

ûоʲô֯⸱ģЩõԤУٴʵǺ£㵫˵޷

Ļ֯΢΢ͷЩҿڳū澸ոմ˵˵ֱӱ˫ۣһ˵˵ү⼸һֱȥ¥ǲÿζ滨ӣﶼˣ˵үԭҲŮɫ

һ˵꣬֯һȻ΢΢һǣɫ

֯Ļ֪ĲŷӦʱЩЦãû뵽Ǻ糺ȥǲԼҲ˽ȥ

𣿡֯Сʵ

ƳŶͷεЦЦ˵ˣ⼸ҶǺүһţһģһܲ𣿡ΪҲ˵һֱҲû֯磬Ҳû뵽شִԡ

ŶĻ֯ŻȻ򣬶ʱЦ˵ū澾֪үôȥֵط



ȥˣǱȥģ

ϵʱ糺ǰ˵ĵƽĻصվͲȥˡ


ôҲû뵽ô˵ҥԣȷʵûȥˣ뵽ʲôæȥ˵涼˵үֻ¥Ļ

糺ͣеĶ̧Ķأ

ţҥ԰ˣЩ飬ʱһڨڨЦš

ԴǴΪ¶ε糺˯һ󣬽ƺûҪ뿪˼Ҳͬ˯Щˡ

֪ΪЩ˯ţӣŴϡ¹ⶢ糺ȻıۣŨܵüͷչţ΢ͦıᱡĴںҹҲǸɼ

ſҲûעԼѾ̧֣ͼʳָһָȵƤʱĽë˶һ˫ӻ

ʣʲô

һ£תջ֣ʵ˵˯š

糺ɿȴû

ү֪Ĺ𣿡ֵһʵƣ糺ʵ

ţ
ȥ¥ôˣȻѾͻͦˣԼĹ¡

᱾¾һ̼֮ŮС˵ǽʳȴҲʮָմˮС㣬һ÷δ˸һֱܺã㽵δʱȴҪϾϿ

ߺûãһһбݺø˼̼֮Ůƭ˴ٻӣ˵Ҳǳȥˡ

һ·˵˾ǣΪ¥ĻȴٴʱȢӣץŻʱȴֻƽ˵үϴ˼ңСŮֻǻᡣ

Ǻ¥֡

֪ǱƭˣȴһֱԸţһֱĬĬѰҲδΣҲزȥˡ˵

糺ĬĬţĨȥ۽˸Ứڣ˵ʲô

ȻЦˣ˵Ҿ;ԵһܿµĶǼ޸үĲңָأ

˵꣬ҲоԼе˸УȻ;һǺ˵һ¡

ԣ糺ͻȻֹḧ˵ˣ̫࣬ʵġ

ĿȻɵͷ
Ҳ֪ô˱һҲ֪˶ã糺ڷſ

æԴ㣬ҲǵĻûعҲ֪ԼԳ黹ôˣľګĶ糺ͻȻһ䣺үҪԲ𣿡

糺


һ̣糺ٴӦţ˫ֲɵĲ

ɫãһҴ⡣


49

峿

ģģиоһƬ, ˫, ǰ޷ŴףԺƺûӦ

ֱԼִĳ˵ϣļƺһ, ʱֻڵһ, ʶ糺Ļ

ȴ뱾Ӧ˯еˣͻȻһֽ˻ȥ, ź֪ķոһֱ糺ֱ, ʱɵһ̧֣ſϡ



Ҫʲô糺ʱѾ˫, ʵ

һԼƽ̧Ƶĳү, ɫˣˡ

, 糺һֽԼĻŸ˯ѵı૵磬˯һ



ֻ糺Ļﲻٿ±˫, žһȴ֣ٴε˫ʱԵѲټ, ̫Ҳ˰ˡ



糺׼ʱ𴲣ҲһЩʱ֯ƺµʲôµʱǾûз¹ű

үأ˸Ƿʵ

֯Ƶ󣬰ȹӦǻүүճá

䣬ͷҲû˵ʲô

ȣյ죬Щ̾ʱţ紺ȴʢˡ

һȰ˾ر׸е뷦ʲô¶˵õȸеĺɻصʱȥˡ

ԴϴΪιȥ糺㿪ʼˣ˵Ҳԡ

죬֯͵͵õʱ糺ͻȻˣֻһȥͷû֪ˡ

үôˣװϵ糺ʵ

糺źۼĳһϻûüȥ룬ȴһµģֻ˵⼸֯æʰö

ţɻ󲻽Ķ

ʰҲûʲôҪԶŰ

糺ֽ͵Ѿּ⣬ҺһЩǽһǰɽׯºܻؾ

ԣһĻȻ£ÿҶȥɽׯģ֮ǰڹʱûȥҲû̫£ȻҪȥġ

Ӧæ糺ͷӦ֪ˣվͻʰö

ʵҲûʲôٵĶҪʰյĹ֯ʰĲˡ

۵ʱͻȻһ£Ҫ뾩£ôҲȥ˵һǴԺûȥ壬뾩֮ǰȥһˡ

˼˴ܿ糺˵£ûʲô⼸ҲҪæҲͲһȥˡ

ԣ޷һȥҲԵģүǲģɸ˱ҲС

糺Ȼǲһ˳ȥ壬֪֯飬ȻҲǲܴҲֻ޷ȥˡ

޷ˣ벻ģԼֲҲֻգջ޷˾ǡ

ϰţԺҸúѧѧˣ

ȥʱüǸԻһͦʵģ۵׶ŨŨЦ⣬ͻȻϴζ˵ĻĪеο

ȥźŻģֻǸյǵʱģͻȻԼ׼ﱻˣһĵĻȳ죬һʱ¡

æס޷磬˵޷磬Ҹ׼ոǽˣܰ͹ȥ𣿡֪޷ṦҲҪһӵĹԲô˵

ǡ޷ԽӹݸİӦ˵

ͷ鷳ˣʱ磬ҲżҾǰľ¥е㡣

ܿ죬޷Ű뿪ˡ

޷ܻܿҲûҪһ䷿ھ¥һš

ŵʱ⻻һص·ĳֵҲû¥Ŀ⣬ԹԵҪһ軺޷

ȴôҲû뵽Ǹӱ

ֻһ糺Ľۣϵһɫ壬һ˲Ŀ⣬ɨһʱæ΢΢ͷƺûз

Ҳδھ¥Ĵת۱㱻Сȥ¥ϵİ䡣

ЩɻıӰ뾩˵еƫƧģʱһ˹ʲô

еʱ򣬾¥ٴγһϤӰκֱֻ̣߽¥Ȼ˾¥ƹһֱȥ˸ոǸ䡣

´еӲˣǸոһжۿЩˣ֮ǰ糺˵ģκӦ̫糺ŶԣôͻȻ˽¼棿

ȻλȻǺ̫ߵģʲô

Ȼ̫֮£֮飬㰲¥ȴʱʱ¥ϵķ䡣

еĶƺҲûĶãһӵĹһǰһ뿪Ȼɻ󣬲һҲȴҲûŹȥ

һҲȥˣ޷ӦҲˣ׼ʱͻȻ¥ٴδŵ죬ոǸĸڡ

Ҳû̫࣬Ͽһۣһۣȴ

¥Ͽŵ˾Ȼ̫糺⣬Һɲɵģײߡ

糺⿴ʱƺҲЩȣֳܿЦЦ·˵ˣ





50

ʵڲ, κ̳, ô糺Ҳ⣬ǵķ仹ڸڣôҲǵ⡣

˶, ʱȻǲת뿪, ֻö¥ϵ糺΢΢òЦһ£ҲǴкˡ

¥ϵ糺Ѿת¥ݴ, ƺϾҪ, Լײϣ˳ɻʲô, ˼˴Щͷ

ڴʱû޷˽ϲԣŲӱ˹ȥ, ȴһֱ糺ϡ

Ƿ޷磬糺ƺûй˼, Ҳһſ޷ʵ͸𣿡

䣬޷ͷӦģѾֽС㣬ɻҪ죿

һ, ҡҡͷ˵û£ͻظɡ

޷˾¥ȥ, ھ¥е糺⣬Ҳûȥע⡣

ȥʱ򣬷糺ڸУ˵˵µģҲֻܵˡ

޷罫ͻûãҲȥæˣֻĵóĻһǲһ߳ŹӣҲͦڵġ

ʱ֯Ȼܽһص˵ū澸ոŷ֣ū˵һ£ū澾Ӧ֪¡

⻰˵ĵЩɻɷеĻӣ̧ŶЦ֯ʵʲô£

˵ձүΪ£ոеһ㶼׼ˡ֯͵

һ΢΢Щô˵ոʱ򣬸˵ͦɫҴҵģԭΪ¡

˳֯˵֪糺Ǻʱ˼˴ɸоЩ

ʱһԵ֯ٴοҪү׼𣿡

˵ЩͷۣЩʱ֪糺϶ú׼һձʱе٣ʵڲ֪׼Щɶá

ϸ룬糺ΪүʲôûʶҲȱʲôҪʲôȷʵǸ⣬ʱίʵеͷ۲ѡ

ƺ֪Щʲôֳ֯˵ū澾ãְүһҰүһϲġ



ȷʵǸ⣬뵽Լ幤ʱֱӷˡ

룬ǾͰ֯˵ǰ㣬ָ糺ңȻ幤һɣӦҲᵽܼ˵ĵز

ʱҲˣ㿪ʼûˣ֯׼Ҳһ԰֣ȴֱ֯ˡ

֯ȥţүǻˣǵüʱ˵һԸû֮ǰ糺졣

֪뷨֯Ҳûתȥš

ū澼ү

糺ʱɫѾЩˣľ۾ͻȻ洫֯һӦʱææҵĽϵ߻ʰãȻѸץϵĻӣװһµģ

糺ʱ̧ͷЦ˵үˣ

˵㷢糺ıЩ˵ζЩɻʱ򣬱˵ôˣ

ʲô㶵Ķ

Ļӡõˡϵ˻˵



ǡ𣿡˲ڨڨЦȻͷһԼеĻӣּ˵ǣү˵Ҷûע⵽



糺ûٶ˵ʲôȻԼ·С͵һĸоʲôЩŵ뷨

Ϊת糺Լע˵˽ھ¥¡

꣬糺ûһ䣺ڳžصλá

ԣ΢΢һ£ܿ׹ΪǸ϶ǲĿŶվ̫ǱȥκҪȴֻһλǲ̫糺ҲҪǵк̸̸

ǵ̸̫ڸӦĺүҪ˵룿Ҳֻ˵֪糺վߣ¿϶˵ġ

糺ȴҡҡͷûʲô˵ģԼ¡

үվ𣿡Ŀ

˵꣬糺ûʲôĶ˶٣˵ҵˡ

ģûٳڼֻЩ̾˵Ҿ̫ӺҲͦġ

Ȼ糺ⲻ棬糺ȷʵûиеʲô⣬Īþκ̵̸Ҳʲô

ıȷʵǸλá糺ڵĴ⣬˵

˵꣬һʱ㰲ȻЩˡ

ڶ峿һˡ

糺лԼǸңҲ֪֮ܲǰýС

ֻǽ糺¿ùźһֱ￴飬޲ָȥ

ûãϱ˹糺ף٣˵棬ŷ飬׼ȥǰ

뿪һæֽյ߻óȻʼ˼ҡ

ڸеĺɻã׼һɻңֻ˵ССģȴҲǸķѾ

ٽ磬Ҳ½½˲˹糺ף٣һʱҲûʱҲĵԼš

ֻûˣ˺üض⣬ֻܸĵ˴ҲһҶѣʵͷۡ

еʱͻȻܽһСӰȥδʮһƽ

ֻƽһ·ıĴſܵߣһ˫ˮĴ۾ʵ

ԣϵĻƺûƵġ

㻰أƽʱˡ

ɲɽ

ƽСֻЭ˵ðɣɩ

⻰̧˵ڴ尡ԺƽҲҪѧģ

䣬ƽɹͷ˿Ȼȵ㡭ɩֻѼѼӺó󰡣ԺŲҪ

ԧһ

ɲ˵⣬ⲻѼӡͼԼ

ԣƽʱмһۣ˵ƭˣѼӣ

ʱ֯Ҳ˹ƽֵǲѼӣ

֯ۿȥʱҲԥµĿڵ

ղܰοԼƽС񲻺ãĲ֪˵ʲôˣֻװ׼ϵ߻̫ˡ

˰ɣ룬͵ǲ֪糺ûü׼

ʱ糺ͻȻ֪ҲˣСƽæܹ˵֣ɩֻóѼӣ

糺һʱɿ



ʱԼеİƷ϶ˣֻƹˤĽ͵ղ֪үһ͸ү

ĩˣ־ǿΪԼıԧ졭

51

Ľ, ϵ糺û, һԵСƽӲˣŵĶ˵ôѼȻҪ͸һֵ

, оԼʲôһ, ɳ˳ǡ

ƽ糺ڿǳһС΢΢ͷ, ʱ˲, СɲֵĶ

ҲȻƽϣԶԵ, ЩεĿ糺ӲͷƤ˵Ѽӡ

һڣĳ嶯СӰ쵽, æĿڵԧ졭ȷʵе㲻ã˰, үҾǷţֵͷе岼һֱۣӶһԵ֯˵֯óȥ˰ɣ

һԵֻ֯㶵Ľӹ岼, ˼ԼҪҪӵʱ糺㻬ιˣڵҰɡ

, ֯붼ûֱ˵糺ٶȵĿֹʱ䶼Ӧ󣬸ոջе岼Ѿ糺С

糺֯ݹ岼Ȼϸ˳̧ʱѾƲס



һԵСƽ˳С˵˵ûɣֻѼӣ

Ϊ糺ͬĵͷʱȴ˵ҺϲɣҲȱһҡ

˵꣬һԵСƽǲ˼ĶȻ߹ȥСִ˴糺ʵ־Ȼϲ

糺ܸӵġšһ

ƽ

һӳëˣ

糺ĻҲֻڨڨЦЦ֪糺Ӧֻ˵˵ѣϾ֪ң޺ˣҲûȥ

Ȼ糺ǫ̂ףȻҲ˳ȥˣǰƷѼӡԧǱһȥǰˡ

ڽ糺СƽŻлҲദ˼أСЩ֮⣬ʵҲͦɰġ

ʱ糺Ҳû£һ̰С˹䣬ֱɫ˽ͻعȥ

ϻظҲȥԼ߻糺Ҳû磬ȻǸԼԲǰ˵ģЩڣ
˯ʱ糺ôͻȻˣ

һһۣ߷ߵ˵˭үҲǰҺ˵һ£һմǻе˵Ĳ֪ǸʱҲûʱȥ׼ˡ

ԣ糺ЦЦ͵͵˵Ҳá

ǣһ˵ţһߴŵ糺˵Żͦġ

糺ĿбİָȻϣ˵

䣬ٺ١ЦĿֱ糺ͦԴ˵Ȼڳͷүˣ

ͷ糺ûް

ţǡȵȣүʲô



죬˺¶ߣ

գٴιٵĵ̫Ұ

糺һûһ㲻Ӱεǰţ΢΢һۡ

ϵ˵ĵµĳ֣ڵˡ

ʱҲѶǰˣҲȥ糺ƽˣҴϴһֱ׼Ե㶫ѹѹӡ

һʱ糺ƺͻȻ뵽ʲô̧ʵˣʱܰ͸ҵã

ȿȣһ㱻еķҭˣæ豭һˮ˻ɻĶ糺˵ү˵ʲô

ҵҰ糺ٴѵ



үģ˶Щ̽ʵղΪ˸̨£Բſһ˵

糺ͷ˵Ȼģѵˣ

һ£үҪѼԧ죿ٴȷϵ

ϵ޹ĵͷ

ðɣǳ׹Ҫ㿪ˣ㶳ſľګ˵үٵȵҼա

˵꣬糺ǵͷżѾϢձ׼ȥɽׯúϢɣȵǱá

Ҳûȷʵ붯֡

գʱżλŻ뿪˾ǣҲ½½ĴżҸں档糺Ҳżյе뿪˾ǡ

ʵɽׯ뾩ҲǺԶҲյ·̣ӱ޵Ļձ㵽ˣ·󳼶ҲЯҴڵģȻǵ

ʱ˷׷ҵطϢȻרĻʼվҲʡ

ɫ磬糺Ļ˯һʱվбоЩģҪ͸糺ң糺һԾĿ

үһۣ֪ôţ˼

糺ΪȻıǡ

һҪ˵ʲôǣȻһע⣬ͷֱָУġһ

ôˣ糺ۼֿץס֡

ίͰ͵Ŀˡ

˵ţָϱѾ˿˿ѪֳɫСڰļϸۡ

糺ץָ΢΢üͷ˵ô㲻Сģ

䣬ɳ˳ǣΪһֱһʱ

Ȼ⻰Ҳѣδ˵ڡ

ʵҲûʲô£СС˿һԶϣ׼ջԼʱ㿴糺ͷ

һ̣оԼָ㱻һȦů

ֻ糺ĽָڿС

ȵ⻺ĵ˿ڡ



52

糺ֵʱ, һ㶵ģ, һԼĶԺЩӦոշ˺¡

ɿָ糺̧һ͵, Цһ˵´οɵСһЩ, ٱˣҾͲˡ

, ڻع, ָϵĻȾþòɢȥʱоջԼ, 糺ЩɳƵ˵˭˭Ҫүˣ

糺ЦЦûٳ

ոշ£ɸоµ, Ķ

˵Щʲôȴֲ֪˵ʲô, ֻЩߵĵһۣе߻Ҳû˼ڼȥˣֻʰ

糺ˣҲ, ֪ʵĿڵˣ

ˣۡһۣûĻص

Ҳ, ԹԵĽŻȥ˻ȥźۼĽѹѹԼƽ

糺ƺҲûע⵽Ҳûʵ

侲ͻȻоЩˣ˵֮ǰϲͷΣȻ糺ΪǨʻĺٻЩԸոǻŵʱͻȻûʲôθˣҲĳ˼ڡ

£ǸоЩˡ

ֻһֻŶӣȻһڴĶ糺ʵү˵ʱж𣿡

ϾʼվǵһȻǲȥҶԵģԻֱ糺Ƚס

ԣ糺ЦЦ˵ǻŵʱұðԵ㣬ȴԸ⣬֪ˣ

ԼȥȳԵģֻ糺ѵţ踺صĲȻίͰ͵Ķ

ϵ糺Ĳ̾һȻҡҡͷ͵ֻһͣЪվڸУŵʱ䣬ֻܵϣҲʣµĶ

һʱһо춼ˡ

⸱ģ糺ЦЦֵңһȥɡ
ʱүҪȥģ˵

糺ָָͷݶ˳ָķܣɵɻĿ

һӺ

ۣݶϿ˸ǲɸ̾ȻֻͷһԵ糺ȵүȻҪݶ

ôˣ糺

ûʲôֱ˫ȣ۾Ц˵ǸоүôͻȻ뷨

˵꣬ϵ糺ȴҡҡͷ˵ҿɲǴǵġ



ƻգ롣

ʱ治֪ʱһɫӰδüķӦһһ糺ǰۿȥſ޷硣

Щʱ򣬱㿴޷óһúҶĶݸ糺˵ү

糺ĵͷֽӹ
һԵ޷ٴһڰУټ

糺һùҶŵһЩˮζ֪뵽ʲôʱɵɴ˫ۣЩŵĶúҶү⡭ռ𣿡

ԣ糺ᡰšһ

糺϶Ļشʱ˾æĶеռͲûˣ

һＱģ糺ЦЦֽסռĺҶһ䣬ռʱ¶ҰУ̿ˮ

үΪǿԼȥռ΢΢̧ʵ

糺ͷ

ðɣռͲƽˣ롣

糺ҲʶȤ˺һȵݹ˲˹ȥ˺Ƶģһҧһһʵү޷Ūռ

˵һŪԵ

ɽơ糺˵

䣬ɳ˳ǣҲȥʣԼץżȳԵ

ʵ糺ϼԵ٣µӣҲóİôһֻռ

ģ糺ͻȻ뵽һ£ɳռһ¡

ͷҲû̧һ£ӵʲô

ҼǵǳɻգкҲһֻռ糺ʵ˵

еļһҭ

ͲýĻ

𣿡ܿ㷴Ӧһµ̧ͷϵˣӦкܶŶԣһֻܱү֣үǹ۲ϸ΢

糺Ҳá

еļ˦һЩ᲻ãϾţ

˵ţݶͻȻֳһӰһ·ֱ£ת˰ƺʲôƬŻ̧ͷݶˡ

¹ϳ˿ɲճ¥ĳǳӣ

Ҳǣһ㷭ҲĿ糺еռϣʱ΢΢ߵҹģүȻռò˰˯ˣҸոջţôһֱйŨ

䣬һԵɳ˳ǣôԶľŵ

˵ƺע⵽һԵɺʵλ˺ĺܣ֪ļҹ˵糺ѹүϴβԸһԭмˣ

ȷʵûкͳʽ档ʶҲ

ԣɷеļȣһº͵Աŵ˵С㡣

һһ±ܿЦ˵ԭǴ˵вĹС㰡ȵȣҼǵ㲻Ǳ´ͻ𣿡

ֱ˵ڣǲź֪ϵ糺ǱΪ



¿ͻȻ

ٺ٣ӦĳæεЦţѸٶֵǼʧʧ

ӲҴ𣿡һº͵ЦţһҲ⡣

ɳǿЦݣԽԽо﷢ëڨڨЦ˵˵Цˣĳ޻̸֮ģ

һ̣̱ջϵЦݣת糺ʵүڽһŴȥʲô𣿡

ԣϵ糺Ŀ˳һۣӵͶȵĿ⣬ֿ˵Լ뷨ȥãκβġ

ĳǣ

ٺ٣ͷԶ֣ĳԼȥá˵ֱ꣬ӴݶϹȥͨһصˤڵϡ

ݶϵǱΪһողһ˵Ҳ˶ѣʱ״ɴ˴һԵ糺ʵү˲ˤ˰ɣ

ݶȻǺܸߵҲͣͨˤȥҲɸһʮµġ

糺δüĳĳǱԼӵ¶һСЦģĳõĺܣ



˵ǱϵĻҳٴһľǲһݶˤȥҲܸûһ㡣

ĽҲҲ󷢴ȱ˵ˣһռɡôһֻռ糺ҲԲꡣ

䣬æľϹл£ƺ뵽ʲôæ˵ûоôУүȳĳһĳм̳þƣͻȥȡ

˵꣬Ҳ糺ֱ֨ת뿪



ǱߵĳǱٴαֱˤȥ

ſڵϵ˳˳ȣƺߵ˼һʱݶϡ



53

糺ݶ, ĳһȳһյȥ, ϲеĻ棬ίʵЩЦ

ȥıӰסϵЦ, ͷ׼ȿʱ, һԵ糺ȴѾռúҶ°

ֻɻ󲻽̧

ʱˣǸûȥˡ糺õռ, , ͵

΢΢һ£ôͻطǳ, ǡ
û˵㱻糺ٴοڴϵѵȾƣǻ·һ졣

һʱһ硣

糺ôһ˵ȷʵȾˣǲС, ЩͷҪˣ˼˴, ɷ糺λݶվ

ͻȻʲôʵǳأ

õģѰȻȥ˯ġ糺˿ûиоԼôжô¡

һɳ˳, Ҳûж˵ʲôܿ糺صԼķС

³̳ƻĳǣͻȻһ˵ݶ

ڶ, һС꣬ȵʱˬ˲٣жݵķ㣬Ҳٴ̤г̣糺ɴ档

һг̣˲ڵ˱ɽׯ

νıɽׯˬɽ޽ĸۡΧдеľ峺׵ϪˮҲʵǸĺõطĻܣĬĬš

糺ᳵ·ǵסɽֺܴƺûסһ飬һ·Ҳûʲôˡ

Ҳͦõģסĸ徻

һǵĸۡоȷʵˬ˲٣֯˼򵥵ʰһ£׼úϢһ£Ͼ۳Ͷ˺üա

һ糺֯үأ

ү˯ˣȥһ֯ص

䣬ͷҲûٶʲôɫ磬Լһ˽óȥǸóá

ʵҲĲˣʣһβĹ򣬵Ҳûʲô˲һӱ㽫ˡ

ֻ͵е㡭һѾ

һԵ֯õңʱһԥС˵үе㲻ðɣ

ԣֽϵҵŹϸ˳˼ȻǡһЩӦҲܴģ⻰˵ԼЩԸţһͷɥģ

֯ͼο

ȴڰ֣ת¶һںģ޷үҲû£͵ǸҲġ

ţʱо࣬ҲͲȥˡ

糺ϻʱҲû˵ֱӱ

ϵ糺΢΢һ㶣ֱͷҳԻǣһԵˣЩεװһûģ˵үǲϲĻͻңԼŵ

䣬糺ЩЦ̧ЦЦſڵȻǰ͸ҵģջȥĵ˵΢΢糺ֻּһ䣬ллҸϲ

ͻȻĻЩڣ赭дСšһתȥ

糺һڴϣͷңýԼ૵ֻͦѼӡ

⻰ˣ糺Ҳֻˡ

磬˲ִ֪ðˣʱԺյϣǱһ

ֻǸһֱӾ˹Цк

㶵Ļع󣬻³ѣŵĿôˣ

ĳǹүġǼ˵˵ƺʲôЩίĶŵ˵үôҲȵȳĳҿǱ̳þƹȥȴѾȥˣ

˵ţƺΪԼеЩ߷߲ƽ
һɳ˳ǣ

ŷ֣⺢ôôʵأ

˵䣬糺ƺǵŻδ˳һԵĳǼˣæʶȤĺ˾롣

ʵеߺ˵ûʲôģôһӲǺеʲôƵġ

үǶ糺΢΢

ϵ糺˵ͷúֱӿ˵ԺϢҺȥһͻ

Ҳûʲôġšһڰʾĳȥɡ

ܿ죬˱뿪ˡ

̾һץһɻȥʱͻȻӰ

ɩɩ˻û߱㴫ʮС֮ǰκСƺԺɩҲûôִˡ

ˣֻСֱܹƺʲô˵£һ˷ܵ˵ɩһȥɽժӰɣ

ƽ㣬Сˤˡһ˵ţһСĵķסСȻʵժʲôӣ

䣬Сæ͵ɽһƬ֣Ǻ͹˽һɣ˵꣬Сָźˡ

ŷСһΪЩİŮӣһĴſŵҲͨҵС㣬ǸСܵЩżֻ΢΢˵ѩ

ƺЩɻһԵСæ˵ɩ˽鸮С㣬ҿɺˣ

ԣͷȷʵͦƵģ֮ǰҲ˵ǸĸˣеȻҲʲô⡣

ʱѩٴγ͵ҺʮĹ׼ȥɽժЩĻȥ˵һǲŴҴҸ˹ˡ

޷Ҳûʲô¡ЦЦʵ˵ſС˵Ҫȥժģ

ԣСĵͷ

Ǻãڴ˵һȥ·Ͼͳ˵꣬վ׼ݡ

Сˣ˵ɩ㣡
ܿݻһ·֯͹ѩһԺӣɽķȥ

ģÿʱ򣬶ȥһ˵ģκ⡣ƺЩģһԵĹѩЦŻ͵

䣬ӦŵͷһɽׯʱҲϤȷʵе㵣ġ

ǱƺûжԶǼ˲һ㵽˸֣ĸȷʵĺïܣϽ˲ִĸģžθڴá

ƺЩ̫ߣһ·ǹСһԴ˵źɩˣ˴ӹˣ

һԵĹѩϵĸģҲɥĵͷ

һһССԻЩⶼǣǹżװ

ǵһ¡˵꣬·һϵȥ

Сˣһȵɩ𣿡

ͷСʱ֣Ȼڻ¡

һ룬ƺ뵽ʲôʵѩ鸮ֵĸ𣿡һֲġ

⻰ʳڣ˱ͬʱһ±Ƶҡҡͷ

ΪͻȻֲԤУ

ţǱߴǵүߡ

ֻƵĹϵ

54

ץһ֦, ʱȥ϶, ֻһתڸ֦ͷ

ʱǱ޷ϵ糺һԵĳ˹ƺûע⵽ϵ, ЩĶС͹ѩ

֣С糺, ƺͦ˵ģŽѾӱ˹ȥ

ϵᱧס, Щʵ:ƽô

Ļ, СûüһԵĳǵһֲֵģ˵:Ȼ, ժˣ

ûһ仰ʱɻĿġ

Ž͵:ү֪һƬĸֲģֻʮĹ͹С񲢲֪ʵ, ÿɽׯʱժġ

Щ᰺ֵģôһ˵, ѩƺʶʲôʱɲ˼ĵ˫ۿųǡ

ԣǲɳ˳ǣε˵:ȻСΪĸĻ᳤ôãΪҰ, ҲƫƧΪȴû˹

ѩź֪׹ʱĵͷ, ˼˵:ԲҲ֪ЩģǡһȥһЩɺã

:

Ҫÿ궼ֱڲ˵

ʱſ糺еСæ̽ԼСԴųǰ˵:͹˽㲻ǳ㼸ģô𣿴˻ȥҺ͸˵ƽЩĶ

䣬Ѫĳ嶯ʱˣ

˿ͷĹѩһԵʮĹʵίĲˣ

ʱȥ͵֯ȻˣĪֵ糺һ£ܿǰ΢΢:ū澼ү

֯ϵ糺Ҳһ¡

֪ʶʲôҪ˵ЩʲôʱСȴͻȻæ˵:֣ɩҲһģ˵꣬糺Ļͷϵ:ɩ

⻰һʱ˵Ŀ⣬˳һԵһŸȥֻϵе΢ЦŶµǴк:ɣҶ˰

糺:

:

һʱ䣬ֶЩžϵȴǻȻ֪ģϵĵ糺˵:үôˣ

ʵҲоΣѾչôģôҲõģҲֻ¶һʲôҲӡ

糺ôҲǼˣʱܿ㷴Ӧ»ָһĵȻӦ:ôȥģ

ԣһ£ȻЦЦ˵:ȻԼģ˵ֽ˳ϣ:С᰸ĸӲɣ

ȻȻûµģͺáǶϵЩȻԼ۾Ļʱ㶵Ӧ

ɡ糺ſСϵڰζСȣֻö˵

ԣӦһáץ֦վ׼һȥʱȻܼȥժĵġ

糺ĶЩľɹ£һСıȿˡ

ȻѾжûˣļƺڣҲûʲô⣬ǰȫĴ

ϵ糺ҲһһθеЩǴʱ˫ҲͲе¡

ƺɫɻ糺ǰ̧ʵ:үôˣ

û¡糺عӦ

ͻȻ֪ڵʲô΢΢һ£ץס糺֣۾¶һõЦݵ:үİɣûµġ糺šһûٳ

Ҳûڶ˵ʲôƵκŰ֣糺Ǳȥ

û뵽ﾹǳӸģҲãӿɲҪ֡ٴ¶µģų΢΢Ǹ

䣬šٺ١Ц˵:ԭҲ֮ˣ֮ǰǳĳ׾ˣĪҪһμٴе߸Ŀֻоѡ

ͻȻеΪ糺Ϊλϲˣ

ʮĹ͹СϲģʱԹغͳĳתС͹ѩЦ˵

ߣʶ࣡СһĽİͦأôҲܶ

ѩĻЩ˼ųǻ˵:㡭ðɣ

ֻٴγ:û£С㲻⣬ԵĻҲ˺ͳĳ˵һ˸͹ȥ

䣬ԥĹѩʱ̧ͷ۵Ķ˵:Ҫ𣿡

:

һҲ롣

Լ˵ȥˣҲֻЦЦ:û⣬ұ͵С㸮ϡ

ѩһʱ˵ķ·ҪˣַܿӦԼʧ̬æְ˵:ллˣ

ǸСԻεҡҡͷ

糺ͳǺ񲢲ģǵӦʲôҪƺûҪ͸©˼Ҳֻװɵܿ˸߲ҵС͹ѩɽ׼Ȼȥˡ

ʱĸֻʣ޷糺һԵĳǣֱȥıӰʧתǰȥ

үϢ׼ȷǿĹ𣿡Ƕϵ糺ʵ

һϢʱЩŵģʱӦū߾ôͻȻҲ֪糺˫ȱǰͣ糺϶ǳӡ

ϵ糺һӲɰ˰ӵϢʱȷʵҲЩȣҲǺ⣬ϾҲ˵顣

Ȼ͵͵Ȼ϶ֵ׼

᲻ֱӴֱȥǣʵ

糺Ĭһų:ᣬĿֻһˡ

֮ǰڱ߾ʱ򣬿˰˵Ҳδɱ˵ԸȻǲʹ˰ݣԶֻ˴ĿģκֶΡ

һʱɲ²:ʱѾɽׯ

޿ܡһֱ޷Ĭ޷ͻȻ˵

糺ͷ˵:ǵǰ׼ȻˣȻ׼źá

Ҳ˽Ĳˣ˶ٲżĵ˵:үģǿ϶޻أ

һ˵һɽȥ

ߵ뿪ûãٶȱ˲٣СƺԳЩ߷ߵ˵:̫ˣǼŸʲô˲ģһȥøصķʮ壡

һԵĹѩˣȰ:ȷʵǲԣ˹Ҳûжģ㿴˵ҪǸ𣿡

룬ȷʵСֲ֪ôֻòٳˣһӿٶȡ

ֻεҡҡͷȻһ߸ȥһߺ:ƽ㣬Сˤˣ

ȥ󣬲û˷в֪ʱɫӰ

˱

ǣ˵糺Ĺϵ񲢲ǶãǰЩ糺еһ¥Ůӡ

òòֻ˵𣿡

55

˱ɽׯҲЩʱ, ҲϤĻ, оҲȷʵھסˡ

糺Ҳҽҩÿİһ뿪ΣȻڻǸо˫ȵ֪, ȴҲ֮ǰöˡ

Ժ, 糺վЩվʱҲԽԽ, ֮ǰһ, 糺ȶ˵:ү, ҷ˰

糺ᡰšסĻſվƺûʲôӰ죬׷ſ, 糺վ

һԵ˶ʱɸеЩɻ󼤶ĵЦų˵:ɹ, ү

ֻĻ˵糺ӱͻȻЩζһ̣ǰȥƺҪˤڵء

һ, ۼֿĵæץס糺뽫סקȥȴʱֱӷץס, һѽȻֱӱֱˤڵϣһ㱡Ļҳ

Ӧʱ˶Ѿſ糺ϣغʵЩŵˣæ̧ͷ˵:үû°ɣ

ȴĲԼеĻ棬ֻ糺ڵϣһֻ첲Դ£ϴԼԼЦ⿴˵:ûа

:

֪ڹˣɵһۣĺݺݵϴһȭûĿߵ:ǣүʱ򻹺ҿЦ

˵꣬糺ţȴµٴһѾ˻ȥ

үֻſ糺̧һۡ

ϵ糺ЦЦɫ͸ɽҶķ϶Ĵϣ·Ϊһҫ۵ĹâЩ˵ۡ

𶯣Ϣһ糺˵ֱڵϣֱۻۡ

һ΢΢һ²ŷֻ˳˼ſ糺ϣнš

ˣˣ

ƺǺܴȴǿЦЦҲű۾

΢ϵƺϢ

ʱԺֱ֯Щûۿֻתɽ֣һԵ޷״򲻶ıԼĽһߡ

Ȼ뵽ʲô̧֯ͷ޷˵:ɽеĵкܴĺȾϷ纮ô죿

䣬ŵ޷һԡ

֯ƺϰ⸱ģҲʲôԹԵĲŲŲ˳ȥһ㣬ִ˴ֱۣ̽:޷磬Ҫȥ˵˵үǻЪϢĺá

޷ڶˣ΢΢ͷĪĿһۣһˡ

֯:

Ҳ֪ԼǺʱ˯ˣٴ۾ʱѾĴϣ˸ǷŻƺЩûӦ

Щĸоôſ糺ֱ˯ˣҲܹҪ̫ůˣҰο

·糺ƺɺ֯ʵ:֯үأ

үͳӻһȥˣʲôҪ֯ʵĻص

ͷ:ʲôʱˣ

Ӧûмʱ֯˵

ǴҲЩƣǳȥ߰ɣ˳ȥƽ±һһ˵

⣬֯ԺӣֱʮĹǱߵĸۡȥǵסҲǺԶһˡ

СƺԼߵĹŮ׽Բأһȥ㿴һŮ۾СԢŮܻЦһãѩƺҲ棬濴ŵҲЩá

Сܱ췢ӰЦܹ˵:ɩһ氡

ԣæҡҡͷ˵:ɣҾһῴǡ

û˼СƺЩʧҲǿ»صǱߵȺС

εЦЦʵͦĽǵģڵȷʵѾֵˣҲ᲻ʲôȤ

߰ɣǵǱߵͤһСȥˣԵ֯˵

֯ոߵͤ棬ʱָͤʯϵһСӾȵ:㿴ֻС󰦣

ԣȥû뵽ͤﻹһֻɫСתͤһŮʵ:˭ģ

ʮĹģϲĽɽׯҲ˹ʵλŮæڽ͵

ԭǰƽİЩ⣬û뵽Сϲֻȷʵܿɰ

˼˴ͤȥȻ󻺻ʯ£ϵС󿴼İһҲ£ֻ̧һۣ˫צһɹԿĳţһֺģ

ȻһҲˣһԵ֯ƺҲȤĶС˵

ʱĹŮҲ˽͵:СС㱻ʮĹߣԵҲһҲˣûӣҲܵġ

𣿡һЦЦǺСһ첻µزµġ

Ҳûʲô£ͤӶһСһʱ䵹ҲûȥעǱߵһȺˣˡ

Ҳ֪˶ãͤе洫СЩ:ɩɩȥȾȹ˽ɣ

ĪһѸתöܹСæʵ:ƽ˵˺£

СһץǱȥһѸٽ͵:Ǹոӵʱ򣬲СĽߵϣ˽Ӻĸ¥ȥ񣬿ͻȻˣ˽²ˣ

Сһ˵꣬ҲѾ£ֻʱѩſϣץӣڱԵһҲҶ

ˣҲһæĹѩʵ:С㣬û°ɣ

ûû¡شЩ

϶ܺ£ﶼһȺʲôҲĹŮһʱĲô죬ֻöŹŮʵ:ûµ𣿡

ֻҪһڳʱûã涼ˣԲͻȻͶˣ

С㣬ȱżȥ˹æο˵֯Ͻȥˡ



ʱͻȻש̧ȥ㿴ѩֱӱֱϵ



һʱ䣬еĹŮȳһţ׼ʲôʱǰͻȻӹһɿӰ

һ̣Ĺѩ㱻˽סڵϣʱһŷǳǡ

ڳǻĹѩδĶűˣƺЩӦ

Сû°ɣǳʵ

ѩƺŻ񣬶ʱɫ΢ĻվȻæ˵:ûû£ллӵľ֮

䣬ǲɹЦŻص:СˣܾȹСҲµţ

һߵĻɳ˳ǣһﻹ浱ԼӢ۾ˣ

ү

Ȼ֯ɻͷ÷޷糺Ѿߡ

үʲôʱģʵ

糺еϣʵӦ:ոա

Ļʱ롣

룬ֽں޷ϣ:޷ղôȥ¹ѩôôõıøǼһ

޷:

ǱߵСƺҲǲǣæܹȥֺĶ˵:ĵط

ѩһС˵

ǲΪ⣬Цžеӣ˵:΢͸Ĺˣ

˭˵ҪˣСƺǺǲ

ڹѩȰ˵£ϲһӸġ

ڳ⣬ҲûڼˣˣҲ糺ȥˡ

ҹɫʮ֣ɫͻȻ˻򿪣Сƺʲôȱ˳ȥ



56

С

, һ֯ϴõĸ, ҧһڣĹԼϻ

ɳŶ糺޵:˵ȷʵǸɿڡ˵ֽҧһ, гŸЩļ˵:үҪҪһ

ɽˮáϵ糺ͷҲû̧һ, е˵

һ΢΢һ, ֪ĲڽͳǵĸĻԭ, ʱЩ

ٴԹԵץеĸļ, ȴʱ糺ȴͻȻһֹֻ

㶵ĿԵ˵:ʲô

ԣϵ˵̧һ޹˵:˵Ҫһ𣿡

:

Ҳֻεִһĵݵ糺, ˵ĽӹȻҲҧһ, ۵:С

΢΢˳ǣȴҲû˵Щʲô

ˡȻ뵽ʲôʵ:үǳǿȢޣ

ϵ糺ƺû뵽ͻȻ⣬̧΢΢ɻĶ, ȴʵش:ûУ

ҧһڸԴĸģ˵:ҿǹ˼Сͦ, ıȥ

䣬糺΢ɲĳ˳죬ϵϣ˵:еĺܣʱȥ˵¡

ͦĵġΪȻĵͷ

ǲ¡糺ֳ˵

ԣҲûѿڶʵ:ʲô

йŮһ䣬ҹʲôأ

:

ڶһ磬㱻ʱʱˣЩû˯õĴӴ

ʱ˸ȻִһǷŽ֯ʵ:֯ǲǳʲô£ôһô֣

֯Ҵ˹͵:ū澸ոճȥˣ˵ʮĹС֪ôñ˴ӣͻȻͲټʮĹ֪㿪ʼƢе͹ŮɽׯѰš

֯ĻһʱЩ˶ٲų˵:ͤмֻС󣿡

ǵģ֯϶ĵͷ

뵽ֻСЩɻ:ǹŮ˵ˣûҲԵ޹𣿡

ǰʮĹϵ˶Щţ鶼ѾˣҲֻɽҰȥѰˡֵ֯

ͷ뵽ɽѰһֻ󣬾ͺͺûʲôһʱҲ֪˵Щʲôֻ:ˣү֪£

»ǵ糺Ȱ˵Сĺá

֯ص:үӦûǲ֪µģһոǱү˵ǷʲôūҲĲ塣

һҲ֪糺⼸һֱںͳܵʲôȻû˵ȻҲȥʡ

ϴ£ȥɡ֯ԸɩģôҲӦȥģ˵ҲȷʵͦϲСġ

֯ʱСſԼĴϺޣĤЩˣһȺ޲ߵĹŮ̾һһ˽ȥ

ƽ˹ȥĺһ

ϵС涵̧ͷȻһѱסߵ:ɩҵ޲ˣ

һʱҲеޱֻСֻñСο:ƽ𼱣Ѿ˳ȥѰ
𣿺ܿܰһġ

֮ǰδ£ôͻȻأСĵš

͵:һЩҰèʲôģŵˣûµģƽҪġ

⻰ƺЩСʱһᣬ϶Ľӵ:϶ģǰڹдû£
˱Լסˣæּ:ˣƽˡ

ǣҵ𣿡˵Сһģ

϶ҵģɩ㱣ֵ֤
𣿡

ţɩƭ˵ġ

Сӣ֯ɸ˹ղ˵Ȼһʱⲻʵ:Сһ𣿡

ҡҡͷ϶ûаյģղǼƣǲ˵ⷿӶܰƽˡ

֯ȥ︽֣϶벻ɹȥѰҵĻһͨѰࡣһһ߶֯Ը

֯ˣæȥˡ

һ˱׼ȥģ糺ҲȥҲûʲô£֯һȥˡ

С

ôҲˣ֯ˣæӭȥ

͵:Ҳûʲô£͵ɢɢˣ

ǡ֯ƺЩġ

ЦЦԸ˱ּ·Ѱţ֯ɽš

ûã֯ͻȻָǰ澪:СС󣡡

һѸȥȻǰ治ԶһһֻϸһȻռŵֻ

˹ȥʱСƺˣѸٴȥȻܽһƬľС

ȥ˵

ܿ죬ǱٸȥЩɻ£С󲻽ûȥһ·ɽܡ

ƺʲôóԶһ·ͣ³һڣּѰǸ

ʱҲ룬ֻܸûǱɽµһӣɽвСӣҲ֣ǰĴҲǺܴ󣬴Ҳʮ˼Ҷѡ

ֻС˳ŴӵΧҴҵƵһéУ˹ʱ㿴һɹԺԹԵĿš

룬ȥţܿΪʮҵĸŮ߳ţǺɻʵ:ǣ

ûһԵ֯æŸŮһͨǸŮҲû˵ʲôֱӿǽȥˡ

СƺԵҲֱӲˣֱ֯ӹȥ㽫ڻҲûô

ʱ߽һˣŴֲ£ϿũߣƺǸոũ˸ŮĻ㶢һ΢΢ţȻʵ:ǱɽϱɽׯĹټ𣿡

뱩¶ݣϵ˷ũ߿һʱ΢΢©ĸ첲ӡʲôۼһֻɫĲӥ

ģǴ֮ǰλȥ˾ǺûѶֻһЩеϢ˵ţȴûʲô顣

˵꣬һԵĸŮҲ˳Ц˵:ǰҲʱˣλǲ߰ɣ

ŮЦǺǵ˵ţȴޱߵķ˿Щ죬Ѫ̺ĺۼ

˼ǻáһ֯ûʲôԣֱӳ׼͵

ȴźۼЦŴ:޷Ȼô飬ֻʣǱź뿪

ǡ

ذƽӦõȲˣȽͻȥԺȥģּ˵

˵꣬Ǳߵũƺûʲô

ĩˣֻ:Ŷˣճĸĸɬȥ÷ֱȥ˰ɣ

57

ļ, ֻܱ֯, ִһ뿪ӡ

ũƺҲû˼㾲Ŀ֯ȥıӰȻλŮŶ˵:

áµĵͷֱµũ, һ·éȥ

éȻ濴е㰫С, ȴҲȱʲôҲûеǰ, ȻҲʧ, ȴҲǸɸɾġ

һ۱ɿ֮ǰסˣӦûһɾ, ֻѾ

ƺЩ΢㶣ǸŮʵ:ôˣ

û¡ܿعúԼ̬΢΢Ц˵

˵, Ҳûٳֱӿ粽мȥ, Ҳȥ˵飬űĿ

ƺںһЩͨĴֲ赭ɨһֱ̧ۣһԵ:λ𣿡

ͻȻЦֱĶ, дԵ̽ûͷ˵:ȵĻŰЩܣ

ĵͷ, Ӧ͵:ţͦȵġ

ǵЦƺˣȻԼĶĵطƺһʲôһŸۡ

˼ƤǴЩЦһ£Ȼ΢΢üͷĿⶢȴ˵

ž

һֻ̣һѴԼ˺һƤֱ˦ľϣɫƤϻǳǳѪ˿
ʱһƤ



֯޻ȥʱ֪Ӻδ糺ͳǣԴӳ˴ӺԽõʱЩԣ벻ΪΡ

أϵ糺֯ʵ

֯һͷβĽһ緢һһʮ˵˳˵Ļ˵:ˣū澺ү˵һ˵ճĸʵɬүֱȥˡ

֯Ļ˵꣬һԵĳǱ㲻ˣҲûѿڶ:СѾͷô˵أֵĸĿ˭˶˵ɿڵĽ˵ĻǲԼûϣԲŹ˵ģ

֯:вɣ

Ҳ˲óǣæ糺͵:үūû˵ġ

ֻ֯Ļû˵꣬㱻ϵѸٴϡ

޷硣

ǣ

޷糺Ѹٵıɽȥ򵥵ĶԻʣµƺЩûӦ

үҪȥģعĳæ糺޷ıӰȻֶһԵ֯ŵ:СѾͷһ״

˵꣬Ѹٳ糰ȥķ׷ȥ

үȵҰ

֯Ӧټĵطֻʣһ˱ʮĹޡ



ϲԣһ֪һЩ˲֪£ǵдκԼū˵¡

֪˵߾ūӣСԼĸ첲һֻӥԢÿ˶һֻչӥһ߳Źһ˵˵껹۵:˵ǲɵӥأҿҲֻèͷӥӶʹô̵Լϣɵʲô

ʱҲûô£ȨһЦ˵ҲǺˣһūˡ

ű˦ϵƤıŵˣ˻ƤߣȷʵʵʵһƤ˭Ƕᾪʧ롣

ȷʵŵе㷢£һʱ䵹˱ܵľɿƵ

ЦŽƤһԣĿĶŲɳ޵:ȻǺõɫ

ԣһʱЩͻȻָԼһˮһѹѹŶſ˵:㵨ɫҲūˡ

ЦţЩ˼ʵ:ˮж

𣿡

ûСʵ˵

ЦЦֺһ˵:ǲ͵ˣʲôµģ

ôϳģʡ

ʵҡҡͷ:ŪˣҲʶ㡣

ô֪ūˣ

εʼ磬ʾ첲ϵĲӥ

˳Ŀ˿Լĸ첲ƺһ²ŷӦʱֹЦ˵:ԭΪǺͻȻЩ糺ΪλȡΪˣ

ȻʥּΪˡ˵š

𣿡ԽԽȤˣ

˵һΪСޣ˶෬ŶûԣʱòУǰҲķˣ߶һӡ

̧ŶˣɫЩѿʵ:ⷹ˿ģ

ţ

⻰ԾЩ죬ƺûӦĵ

ѳԣ



58

ԹԵķ¿, Ȼִֽǰķ, εҡҡͷ:˵ʵͦ˵θڵġ

һԵŮװŮ˲һƺЩ, ĳ:Ŀ, 

ҲͦõġΪȻĻص:ô, ѵ뿴һ޶ϵ, ˵Ҿأ

룡ҡŮƺ, ˫ĿŭĶȴֹ̧˵

ˣɲϲѪˡ˵ƺһŶ衣

, ֿ˽ƤȻǰ, ƺνĲѪ

:׻

в糺Ļҵǲò˵һ䣬ǵʧˣѵǲźô, ǲһλˡ˵ǰν飬ǰҲڻв˼١



̧, :Цʲô

ǱߵĿŻЦ⣬ƺأ˵:𣿱쵹ȤϾҺ糺Ҳٽõġ

:

˵زҲЩ

ʱĿü˵:ûҪв糺˼ϾôùȥˣǿǲδȥϢ

䣬ͻȻ뵽˱ͻȥ֯ƺʶЩΪˣһ֪⣬֪ͨ糺Ҳˡ

˼˴ȻЩĲﻹ糺ġ

ȻӦǾϻԹźնౡƺŻȥͷĵ԰̾˵

Ŀһɳ˳ǣʲôδء

ģȪ·ϻģ糺ɱǰˣǶὫʬΣһԵŮƺԽ˵Խǻŭȭͷ·Ѿ뵽糺ĳһ㡣

ˣסصȴǰ仰

ԣŮٴЦһмĶ˵:ǣ糺Դɱǰ޸֮ˣӦþνսպգ᲻֪

˵û˵£ʱ˲Щȣܿ㷴Ӧ糺˽⣬սϵ£ȻֻᲨ޹֮ˡ



Ůƺ˵Ļʱٴγ˵:ҿͳһ֮糺ȫɱ糺ƻļһȥҲʹ˳һû÷˰ˣ

Ů˵˵űЦƺ뵽糺˫ȣ͸ĿĽ

ȴǴĻϢԭںԵ˱ūͳ죬Ǻ糺ڱ߾ս˽ˣҲǺֻ֮ܺˡ

˵ţȻܽһŮӶ˵ʲôִҴҵĳȥˡ

濦ǵĺһ裬Ҳ˼һԵֱӳʵ:ˣ

ǡŮ˵ֽܿ͵:ֻһĵĹˣӦþڰǡ

Ȼ˲ûἰκ˵֣ȻҲ֪˵糺Ҳû˵ʲô

˵˼䣬ŮӱҴҵĳȥˣʱéУֻʣͿˡ

ֻ̧΢΢Ц˵:ûȥūɣ֪ûȤͱūһ⣿

⻰Щɻ󣬰˵Ȼ糺ѾˣôҲȥģôͻȻūˣ

Ҫ˵û׼ú糺ͻ糺ȻǲŵģΪūͳȻ͵͵Ǳԭ϶ȫ֮ߵġ

ͳô˵ƺȷʵûȥū֪ūʲôĵطûʲôĿ˳Ļʵ



ЦȻ˵:Ȼкܶǰδĵط

ܿ죬Ҳӣƺܷһ˴ﲻܣҲ֪Ҳܲ

ĵĴéݺĴʱÿӰϣĴ˳ƺȷû˺æ˹ȥ

û°ɣǸ߹ȥĵѯʵ

һԼӣһ߳˵:û£ǲҰģãҽ⿪ӣ

ȵȣͰӽ⿪һ˵һæƵĺ棬Ȼȥӡ

ϵƺܺ£ƴţﻹߴٵ:㣬Ͼͻˣ

ôһߣƺҲż˺üڼǳɹӸ⿪ˡ

ǸϽ뿪ɣүأǽӵһߺ󣬱㼱æץĴȥͷԵ̽̽

ȷû˺󣬳ǲתֶ˵:ȱȥ

˵꣬׼ȴһվƺЩԸ⡣

ǼûΪںһЩڣæ̧͵:ڲʱ򣬳ĳ֤ȥ󲻻κ£ǻǺÿ뿪ɣ

һڳǻҪ˵Щʲôʱڿ˵:߲ˡ

ΪΣˣɻĶ

΢΢ͷ͵:Ϊжˡ

һƺЩЦЦ˵:ôжˡ

û˵Ǳо˲һ·û˹ͷһ㣬ֱӺĵ˵ϡ

㿴Ҷ˵жˣ㻹šεʼ硣

㡭㲻ϵĳƺ֪ķʲôʱɲŵĵ˫һԵġ

ԣɺǵЦЦŻýŴ˴ϵĳǣЩЦ:Ҵͷβû˵ҾԼ۾ġ˵꣬ƺЩ̾:糺µĹô𣿡

㡭ϵĳЩҧݡ

ʱһſҪЩʲôʱֱӱһһ֪Ķ㱻˽صˤá

ٵһӽľȻһˣźе죬ȵⲻ:ǣ

ٺ٣ҲڰŶǱ˰һ㣬󣬲¶һڴٺٵЦųк

:

ͦɵģ˳ǣһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô

Ǳĳƺ£ɳο:ģүܾܿǻȥģ

ֻ㶵ġšȻεЦ

:

ƺûñͣ洫糺Ϥ

δ֪ͳȥĶ

ϵĳˣʱֿʼţҪ¶ˣ͵˵:үˣ

:ļ

ִ:ȻǺȥū棬үܷıǣ챣֤һһë

һ£

õæÿСӣ̽Դÿ̵ˡ

ÿߣһֻӣȻԼĸ첲ϳһѣ￪

ɻ󲻼ʱ򣬱ϵʮί˵:үƭˣ㿴ڸոգѾ˺üë

:

:



59

ϵ˵, ûüǵɫֱקȥ, ŽŮذ׵ǰ޹գգ۾

Ȱ㻹ʵʵűȽϺãոǰ˵, ҿܾ͵Ҳ˵ˣŮ˵űݺݵĵ, ·һ̱Ὣеذ׳̹ȥһ㡣

¶һµģ΢΢ͷҿŮӵ, Ȼ:ͳ˵, ʲôϵ

ذϵĳ:˵ɣ

ŮƺҲûʱ, ֿһִҴܿ˾ոյС̸ּ

ʱȻʶֵûٳȥ, Ȼ׿ӦòʲôĽǼҲ˵ǡ

, 糺һʱҲƺЩֲ¡

ҲʲôŽע˳ϣһ棬Ҫɰ, 㻺ĵطŲȥ

ذϵĳͻĶƺһæһȵʵ:Ҫʲô

, ֵ㽩ڰУЩĳ˳ǣЩЦ˵:أ

Ѿֹˣæµڽ䣬һҺͨ:˵ԹԹүȥ¥ĺûеϵǻղģүϵûУ

:

˲££ѹֳ飬ݶǰǺأ

ЦҲٶˣֱ˵:Ҹ⿪ӡ

һųһ˻һ㣬侲ȴҡҡͷܾ:ӳĳԼܽõġ

ˣɰŰɵĶ

ĳֻǴ˵Ķѣʹٵȵȱˡֳ͵

Ȼˣ϶ģҲûȥˣʵոûȥ룬ϸ룬糺ûóһĹŶԡ

ҳȻͦ׵ģ֪ؼʱҲһ㲻ʲôģʮа˾ǹץġ

˼˴Ҳ

û㿪ʼʻ糺ƺ֪ȥȻҲΪǲͳˡ

ûһͣҲŲǲ֪ʱ˹ס˫ͻȻȴ˳Ȼݸһ

ȻЩɻ󣬲治ɫĽӹʱ֪һѺܶСذף΢΢һ£ܿµĽԼС

ӱÿʱ򣬵ذϵĳָֻ˸ոǸģŮƺԼҩǷģֻһ㽫˳ȥ

ʵʵĸŮӵ˿Уܴ·һССķ䣬ʱԵ

Ůӽ뿪ˣνȥſȿЦ˵:ͳɰһǼëˣ

ԣƺЩܿ΢΢Ц˵:ԽԽȤˣ

𣿡ЦЦ:ܶ˶ô˵

ʵЩ㲻˾ʲô˵ȻѾץסͻԸ糺ģûһҪԸ糺˼

˵ūǾ͸˵ͨˣļֵԸ糺ģȻ͵͵ԭȻǽץȻԼȫ˵ġ

Ѿʻţ·ֻһūԼһˮĴ˴̧ĵ˵:ǲǺʧ

ʲôЩûӦָʲô

һڣ㽫豭˻ȥ˵:糺ƺûоȥ뷨

䣬һ£ܿһĲΪȻ˵:޷ͺͳ˵ģҺүĹϵǶá

ȴҡҡͷ˵:쵹ЩͬȻ糺ˣֺαίԼأ

ԣЩ˲Ȱɣĺ糺ϣɹȰҲûʲôð

ͳ˼ǣһô׵Ŀ

ĿЦЦϵļ˵:ûʲô˼ǵеϧˡ

:

˵Ŀռ䣬ͻȻĶ˾Ѱȥǲ֪ʱܵ˳ϣʱӴǱ¶һԴ

ͳ첻Ҳϧϧ£ǵŴ۾Ц˵¶һ˴ĵı飬үҲһЩõ£Ҳ۸ңͳϧϧΣ

:

:

񾭲ĬĬš

ĿܿعƺԳǵĳһҲδе⣬תٴνϣЦ˵:ˡ

һ£Ķ

ĴóһֻúҲûֱӳŴĳһҲۼֿĵ·˳ϡ

糺лҪںأҲɵıļʸǳǳЦš

ԣŷӦָʲôɳ˳ǣʱȻ⡣

ꡱһ

ǰ汻ֱӻһѷĽ˲ǰ洹ֱ£ֱֱĲͿ֮ϣܿǱҲ

˼⽣ЩͷһСͳԴЦš

׼˵ЩʲôʱĿͻȻѸٽеĹûüӦʱۿʸӹ
ݣ

ͬʱҲͻȻһ֦ʸֱӽļʸضǽϡʱо־һĸоղ඼·ֹͣһ㡣

ʱǡ¡һֱɢ

һµ޷ҲߣʱϣǹͺͺһƬֻʣǽ²ȵһذѡ

޷󣬲ɰ˲٣תͷʱÿǱϵ糺ԼĹԶ׼ո֧ġ

:

ͻȻеˣոǲ糺Ϳκһһƫûˣ

ʱ޷ѾͿǶˣ̧ȱֱӴȥܿϱֻʣһˣӲҵǣΪܵ˾һ·һͨ

:ǣǴ򣬾ͲȾ

Щ޴ʱ糺ͻȻ֪ʱȻԻθ:

ʱվվ:

ջѡ糺ֱ۾һմϴһԾһ̣оԼ˽ıڻűһת

糺Ҳ֪ڵϹ˶òͣ£˫ۣ㿴ڵϴڴϢ

үû°ɣæʵ

糺ЦЦ˵:û¡

ҴҴȻ糺СȲ֪ʱĵˣѪ˿Ѿ˳·͸ˡ

糺ˣ˵:еۡ

նȥȻʲôʱ̧:үո˵ʲô

еۡ糺ظһ顣

˵꣬Ҳסˡ



60

һʼ糺ֻ붺, ֪ǲŵĶԼ, ƺʶԼղ˵ˡ

û֪СͻȻܸоʹˣ糺عлĸожʱûоԼСȵĴ, Ҳǲˡ

һʱ, ͻȻøļžϵ˭ûг

ǱߵĴƺûö೤ʱ, Ǻ޷Ϲʱ, ÿ糺ڵϺͶŵ˴㶵ĿŶԷ

ǲԵܹȥ̧̽:ү

Ż, ʱҲûʱȥעˡæ糺Щʵĳ˵:үȡ

ȹ糺Ҳܿ侲Ŀ´úʵ:û°, ˵ˣ

ԣҡҡͷ, ʱ糺ıڻȷʵһҲûС

үˣ°²ʱ޷Ҳ˹ͷ糺

, æҲ͵:үɲܹǣǼһ̫ƻˣ

糺ͷδ˵ʲô, ֻ˵:Ȼȥ˵

ܿ죬һ˱Ҵһص˱ɽׯ

ûӣһԵ޷Ը:޷磬ȥҽ

ԣ޷ƺЩɻ󣬲Ҳδʲôֱתȥˡ

ЩΣ糺һԺӣżȴ֯ǵӰæ˹ȥĵ:

ƺ֯ͻȻܳһСӰֻСҲ˹ѩҲ

ɩˣллɩҰһˣ糺δ¸ˣԴʱСҲ֪˺£ЦŶ˵

˵ƺע⵽ϵĵ糺Ȼɻ:֣ôˣôһĻ˵ģˤһһ

糺:

һԵˣȻȷʵ糺ЩЦסˣƺ뵽ʲôԹʵ:ʲôԵĵط
ûаûط˵ģСƺЩɻĶ

ƽǴȥһ̫ҽɣҵʱʲôõĶ뵽Ҳ֪ʲôС

Сף㣬ʱͷŻСȻֱӳ:ллɩʹȥ̫ҽ˵㱧޺͹ѩҴҵ˳ȥ

Ժ˶ߵĲˣֶ֯Ը:֯ȥһЩˮ

ǣ

׼糺Ȼطһ˿ʱںĳͻȻоûɿʵ:ʲôҪĳæ𣿡

ԣʱĵĿһۣ˵:Ӳ˵һֱ۸𣿡

:

ٺ٣εЦЦֻûĻȥˡ

ˣεҡҡͷ˺еˡ

ôˣϵ糺ͻȻʵ
عҡҡͷ˵:û£ǽݰɡ

У򵥵İ糺һ˿ڣ޷ҽҴҸ˹

үĿԸоˣϢҽƺǻҪԾ˼Ķ糺

糺ͷƺˡ

ҽҲܿ侲ʵ:үŶһ𣿡

糺ҡҡͷ:ʱұѾԹˣǲܶ

ҽ˰˵:޷ү̫ʧȻܸоʹǾ˵Ѿõķչ˽ǻһ죬үż

糺ͷҲûоʧȻҲ׵ģҪֱ뿪ο϶ǲܵ¡

һԵССʧΪ糺ܿվˡ

ҽֿһЩҩ䷳һһ˻ȥˡ

ͨҲûٹȥˣ糺뿪Ҳʱѡ

ڻտǴ̼һ죬Ҳо۵ĲУһĻ裬ȻúúõϢһźá

糺ͻȻҲµ˵:Ҳԡһ

ˣҲû֣Ͼ糺ǱڵϹ˺öȦȻҲҪϴһġ

֯źˮԼŻľͰһЩɫõ廨꣬һ׼Ҫԡʱ糺ͻȻŽˡ

ܿ죬㶵Ŀ޷һµľͰľͰһԣȻҲˮʱﶼŰɫ

үɻ󲻽Ķ

糺ǵ³:ԡ
:

һԵ֯޷ǳʶȤĴҴ˳ȥǹ˷š

Żع糺˼ҲҪԡʱЩĶϵˣ˵:үǺҿЦ𣿡

糺ˣ޹ҡҡͷ˵:ֲǵһμԡ

䣬뷴ͻȻ뵽ҹȥ糺ʱ򣬺ȷʵײԡ

:

㶵ģ糺ЦЦָָ˵:ʲôﲻ𣿡

糺ôһ˵һ磬Ǳ米ԱԼľͰԡ

һʼЩŤģȵˮк󡣱оһƣƺһůš

үǿˣ϶ٻġͻȻ˵

糺:õģԺȻٷˡָ²¡

һ£ġšһʵ:ү˵ġǱ𣿡Ҳ֪Լôʳˡ

һʱ䣬ĬΪ糺ʱ򣬱˵:ţȷʵΪ

糺㻺֮ǰڱ߽ʱͿĶԹĬĬţعʱŷɫѾ

֮ǰŮ˵ɱū˵£û뵽ĺΪ糺أȻԼ˶ڡ

ƺ뵽ʲôٴγɻ:үЩ𣿿ռȻѾץסңΪֶүвү˵ǰ͵͵ֻΪ˱үյΪҲ̫쳣ˡ

ڵĿĲ糺ѣиҪĿġ

糺ƺµʲô˶ٲų϶:µĲ

Щȡ

ΪʲôϢĸɽׯأ糺˵

ɲǼҪʲôʱЩŵľ:ڰظϢ˿϶ɽׯеˡ

ûٳȴĬ뷨

үþǺˣ

糺ȴЦЦ˵:ûϴ𣿡

⻰ɹӳ˼лعŷľͰˮѲ֪ʱû¶ȡ



ֵʢģʱľͰеˮû¶ȣҲûʲô¡

Ҳûʲôоˣ糺ܿ㴩·ȥˡ

򵥵ùź˱ֱڴ׼Ϣˡ

һ±о۵һָ붯һˣҲϯſ糺Ļ૵:

糺΢΢ӣһ˯ˣ˵:˯ɡ

͵͵ᡣ



61

һ, ˯ƺ㡣

ֱ̫˰, Ƶ糺û뿪, һ㶯˶, ų:ˣ

šǸ˯ѵԭЩɳ, Ŵ

糺ЦЦ, ֵ:Ե㶫ˡ

ˣġšһ, ȷʵһԭǶѵģĥһŴӴ

ɽеĿ£ֱ֯ԺӰ, 糺Ժš

ûԵһ룬Ǳһ·Ĵ˽, ԺƺЩ죬Ҳû룬ֱӶϵ糺˵:үǿǹˣԴ֮㳹ûϢ

糺, ҲûʲôģֻǵĵͷȻʢһ, ˵:ȺȵٳЩ

һ£ŵͷԼĿһԳԵģʱЩ˼æڳֽӹ࣬Ц˵:ллү

һԵĳ˲оԼܵһֵ˺

ùˣһʱǲġĺ࣬糺̧ų˵

ˣͬĵͷĿⲻ˴ԴȵϣĪľöͻȻͶˣһȥ̽Ϣȷʵûüţûʲôʱ򼢶ȴԡ

ȻԵҲûעǱߴߣ˳һۣ˵:ôˣ

ǣ

ЩЦҡҡͷ֯Ը֯ȥȡһӰɣ

֯ԶŶĳǣƺЩԸ糺Ҳû˵ʲôҲֻתְꡣ

ЦĽӹ꣬æ£ֶ˵ллĿĳһĵģ

ɳ˳ǣҲûٳ˵ЩʲôһԵ糺µĳԼġ

ʱֽӰֻСŹѩֱܹ˵糺Ļ̧ͷ˵ôţ

糺ԣ̧Щ飬װԵĿ˻ȥҲ

С˵꣬ƺע⵽һԵĳǣʱһ˵һҲôҲҳһָϵĶ

ƺҲˣյľСüģʵˣСƺҲ̲סˣȥˣǱ糺ǣסˡ

֣СĹĵ˵

Ĺѩǻ˹Ǻ糺кŶųǻ˵ӡ

˺Լк˲ֲ˲죬ЦǺǵתͷ˵˹Ҳˣ

䣬ѩʱ΢΢ͷᡰšһ

⸱ʱεҡҡͷɵȱѩ˼أʵЩ˼ѾͷеЩϧ

ԹԵҡҡͷ

˲ʵôˣ

ûʲôԵĲˣеĿӣƺôһ֯һʰЩˡ

˵꣬СͻȻҲǺ˵Ŀڽӵǣɩһ׳ԣʰַǮ

ҡҡͷֵƽ˵ôأ

ǣͲöôһ䡣

ֻεЦЦ˵޷ͽҰɣĳ϶ʰЩ

Ǿ鷳ˣ΢΢ЦŶ˵

ǶʱԼһʹֿ˿һȫ糺ɾ档

̫Σˣؼң

Ҳûʲô£ҰһʰɣҲĿһЩһԵĹѩͻȻС

û˵ǱСסˣæ˵˽Ҫһʰ

ȻҲùѩʱҲ˵ûû£˹ʮĹűãͺã

˵꣬е꣬æʼʰѩҲֻ˵һԣٳˡ

æӣЩЦʵҲ붺ѣ֯һʰɾˡ

ŹСйѩһȥˣ糺ͳȻҲҪġ

֮£糺ƺЩģ޷һ·Ǽ˵

ɩȥĶ氡С¸߰Ķʵ

ЦĿ˵ɩǳűɽׯƽӦôɩȥһЩ˼ĵط𣿡

⻰סСͷһʱƺ֪˵Щʲôˡ

ǲȥɽɣǱߺǿǻԷŷأһԹѩͻȻ

ԣСҲæͷðɩһȥɽϷŷݰɣ

ҪǱ棬ȻҲûģܿǱȥСĸȡݡ

һ˺ƺɽ

ɽӦǱ޽ĵģȷʵǿܱȽ϶͵ɽľҲˣҲûʲôΣյĵط

оԼĲǰˣɽѾ۵ģ֯С͹ѩмտĵطʼŷݣһԵʯͷϢһ

ǱʱʱСĻЦϷͻȻܾ֮ǰŷݵʱ

ʱǺССǵķְģʱƺϲǣֻԼԺ档

ǵһηݵ쾸Ժȥ񣬺͵͵˽ȥһûκ˷֣ʱЦĿɿˣ

ɩ

ɩСͻȻŽѾ˹Ц˵ɩϢһȥŷݰ

룬ȥˣʱ߰꣬ٴŷʱȴоô裬·ձһ㡣

ɩСһֽкá

ܵʵǲˣֽݻСҪҸطϢʱͻȻǰһǺܴͤӣͤһˡ

뵽ԼոСһ㱼ܵĻ汻˿ȥ˵

˶Ż˹ȥͤʱŷ̫ͤӵ糺⡣

󣬲һ£ôҲû뵽糺뵽ھ;¥ʱڿǡˣ

ãһɣͤ糺΢΢֣һº͵˵

Ѿߵǲ·ȥˣҲֻŲӽȥˡ

̫ӵ£΢΢
糺ڰֵûˣض񡣡

ͷֱʯ£ϵͰںˣȻЩɻ󣬵Ҳû˵ʲô

ǣ糺ͤ￪ʼ壬˵յǲôã»ǿԵġ

ܵкתˣ糺ͻȻʵ

ЩûӦɻ̧

糺ЦЦֽ͵ҼҽܺƺܿģԲôһʡ

һ٣Ŀһʱûгŷ糺ƺûеǰʲôҲ֪顣

ˡ糺ٴγ˵

62

ͤӺïʢ, ɫ֦ͷҡҷ, ɽϵС͹ѩʱʱˬЦ

̧Ŷ糺⣬ĻŻعæͷִһöɫϡ

糺, , ʱЦЦ˵ɻıǰ·, ǲ̫ϲˡ

, ŵͷԼոµӣһʱЩ΢, ȻôһԲĴ塣

޻ڣҵĲǣ֪̫ӿԸһ̣֪Լո̫ԣֻóȵ

糺һº͵ЦЦ, Ҳû˵ֱֽԼɫһſʰȥͬһ̵˼

֮ǰǾ䡰ܵȿЩתˣƺĴ, 糺⵹ʵʵĺһ̣ոջûüشҲδڳʵ

һˣȻ糺ʤüӣȻҲںµӮ, ﲻ²̫ӾȻһҲһŮӡ

Ǳ˵С֪ʱҲܽͤӣ糺ʱ򣬲Щ, ʵ̫ӻôҲ

⻰ӦʰƽɣҿǱġ糺ЩЦСԴ˵

ôû㣿СԵʵ

糺εҡҡͷֵ㰡һֻ˵ȥŷˣĶǵÿû

˵꣬СƺΪԼ⣬ֻȴַ·֪ô˵ֻܵͷ˵ˡ

ЦЦܵͷ󺹵ģɴͳԼģȻС˹һ߰źһ˵ôɣ㿴·캹ˮʪ͸ˣ

УС죬ǿĶ

ʱҲˣ糺˵̫ӵûʲôµĻҾȴƽȥˣģ˾Ͳˡ

䣬糺⵹Ҳûʲôˬĵͷ㿴Ǽ˻ȥ

ܿ죬ټɽٴλָʼƽӰͤУ糺ⶢδ̣ȻЦЦ

Ҳûɽ·϶ֱͣӱС͹ѩˣҲȷʵе㵣СͻȻ

һֱȹŮǰСϴһ»һ·ŷĵĺ֯ȥˡ

ʱ򣬳ƺ뿪ˣֻʣ糺һϴԺ¿顣

ŷе飬ͷ˵ˡ

ϰΪĵͷֱ˹ȥ糺һ£ɽһˣʵоۻˣʱ˫ȶѾʼ΢΢ᡣ

糺ˣЦҡҡͷ󣬱ʯϵĲһˮȻֵݸ˵ҺȵˮɣϢһ

šһֽ̧ӹˮһ£Ȼ˲ֽӻ糺Цĵүٰҵһ

ҲڰԱߡ糺ˣЩЦõ˵ȴǽӹձһŵݹȥ

һˮŸоˣ˲ͷϵĺˮ㿴糺ڵҸոմƽȥɽϷŷˣû뵽̫ӵҲ

˵꣬糺ֻġšһƺһҲûие⣬Ҳû⣬֪޷ӦǱһġ

ү֪˵ʲô𣿡ֳ򦣬˵

ϵ糺һģĲ豭źã̧˵Ȼ˵ġ

ԣһۣ΢΢˳ǡ

ˣҲû˼ˣֱ˵̫ӵº֪үתˡ

䣬糺΢΢һ£ָֻܿղŵƽƺֻе㾪ȶѣȻǶͷ



үʲô𣿡ֳʵ

糺ֻҡҡͷ˵صģ²ʲôӰ졣

ðɣȻô˵ˣҲȥˡ

ӵҲûʲô·֮ƺҲûٳֹͺ˼һ㣬϶ǲûзūģ㵹ǿȷϵġ

תűɽׯѾˣʢҲڲ֪йȥˣȻʻδּ˵ʲôʱؾ⼸ˡ

ôɽ˵㶫ʱ㷢ԺſյΣ糺ȴټ㶵ȥƺ뿪һᣬҲû¡

Ǿ͸ˣôö˶˵⣬ϵ˵ȴˣ

û׵ʱƿĵѰȥʱŷ糺š

˺Ҳû⣬׼ʱĿȴȻ糺˫ϣɲǼɵõɴ˫ۣĲš

糺ʱ˿̾Ȼվŵģ²ûκ֧ŵĶ

ү֯˴˸ƺҲǳһʱЩƲס쾪

Ǳߵ糺ǵһһ߹·ʲôҲһ㣬΢΢Цɽʲô

ŴӴлع񣬲ЩûӦĽĶݹȥ㶵ĻصһЩŴȥǡ

˵̧꣬糺Ȼֽ˫վıֱȣֳ֪ʵүġȣ

ԣ糺ͻȻЦˣǵ˵аĸվˣ

һ룬ֱ˵糺ĻУеĶҲ˳ƵһأעѲЩϣıۿвɻ߳ˮ

ʵ糺վҲʲôͻȻ£ǰҽ±ѾԶ˫ˣֻʱ򻹺ʱ벻ΣֻôҲû뵽һѡ

ʱҲ˵Լʲô飬뱧ƺֻȵдŸⷢһжʵġ

糺ЦŻӦűȥܾԺ˲ŷֿ˸⣬̧Ĵָḧţôˣ

̧ҲЦˣ˵үʲôϲ

糺ҡҡͷ˵԰ɲҪٿˡ

䣬ɱЩЦֲֻ˲ᣬȻֺݺݵĴһȦ˵үûĻ

ûĻ糺

㣬ڱɽׯļգ糺˫Ҳǳ׺ˣҲû뽫ȥ˼ܿɽׯ˱㶼֪ˣһʱ䣬۷׷ס

Щῴ糺Ĵǣƺһҹ֮תӣһһȺ˱㶼Ʒϲ

ܿʱ㴫Ҫ뿪ɽׯּ⣬Ҳ׷׿ʼʰ׼ؾ˼ĸۡſʼָƽҲ԰˲١

뿪ɽׯ죬֯޷żŰɽúϣ糺ں档

ûͻȻͣ½Ų糺ЩɻĻͷʵôˣ

ûʲôǸоЩۣˡûĲ˵

ţ糺ƺЩΣȷʵĳ硣

˵꣬ͻȻſ˫֣¶һƯС˵үɽɣ

£Цĸá



63

Ц˵, 糺þûж, ɵɻĶʵү𣿡

糺ЦЦֱ߹΢΢ǰ, Լĺ, ʱıȥ

һη糺ļĿ񣬸һİȫ, ΢΢˵, ԼƣֽĲӻס, ˵Ŀ˵үǿˣ

糺ֹסȣ̧ŻɽȥĿǰų֮ǰǰҵȿ, Ϊ𣿡

ԲҡҡͷȻֽ糺Ҽ, ſڷү˵ˣֻү֮ǰǷҵĶѡ

糺ЩЦתͷһۣʵҺʱǷʲôˣ

үѵˣ֮ǰԹ޻ڵİүΣү֪, ƵֶļˣŲæĳ͵ȻֹԼ˫ǰٵĻ˻ΣʾԼոսĿɲƭ˵ġ

糺˿ǰĳ˵ָܷܷ, ɫĳ˳ǣȻſ˳Žӵǵఢˡ

಻࣬ⶼӦġЦŵͷȻָ˴糺Ĳٴ˵үıã

糺

һͻȻ뵽ʲô峺жʱһ£Ȼæ˷ܵµ糺˵үҺȻһ£

ʲô糺ĪоҪ˵Ĳʲô¡

үӦҲ޷֮ǰǸɣһ뵽ƺЩ˷ܲѣæ͵ǸԷǣṦ

䣬糺Ȼ֪Ӧҡҡģȴǳʵġšһ

ү챳һΣҲĻᣬѸ˵

˵꣬Ϊ糺Ҫɳȥˣ΢ץļ򣬲ȥˣûеĶ

ţ

еɻ󲻽ʱͻȻ糺ĵ˵Բǰ̫ˣ



ƻգ롣

ô˵ˣƺϵ첻ˣ糺ֻʵ

ԴƫһԣڿڵҲү˵ˡ

ԣ糺ЦЦſڽ͵ڻУҽ˵ڵ廹̫ȶʺʩչǸ˵һ룬ֻһתǰǿܻˤҵǿһԵġ



糺һֱۣһֻס糺죬Ȼĵ˵֪ˣү˵ˣʡȻ֮ǰ²ɽ

糺

ȻΪ糺ԭûһṦĸоҲûϧϾҪ˵ԺҲкܶġ

糺㷢ǺܾûıͻȻǵһԣƺǡ

ֱ˹糺ϵʱƺЩȣҲû˵ʲô

ͻȻ˷Щ΢壬糺һĵæĽ

¡΢΢ͷһк

ͷǻӦȻֱӶ糺˵ܡ

֪лҪ˵Ҳû̧֮ͣ糺˵һֱһǱȥȻ֯Ĳ

Ѿ͸˵һʱͲؾˡֱӿżɽ˵

糺˵ЩĿȻ˶ٲ˵ʱ뾩һܲǵѡ񡣡

ǵ˶֪ʵѴǰˣ˵Ҳǿϡеҩѡ

ѡʱ뾩ҿûĸ¿Ҳǻزģδ˲Ϣ䣬˭֪ٻ⾩ֻᷢأ

ЦЦּҪȥ˼ĶһˣұҪȥ

䣬糺΢΢һ£֪֪ҪȥĵطҲûٶ˵ʲôֻǵĻص֪ˡ

ԱͷȻ˵֮ǰµҲ˵ˣҲӦ֪˭ͨ籨ŵġ

糺ˣġšһȻ֡

ҵõϢûĻǿӦûھǸǻģȥԺעһЩˣҲνˡٴγ˵

֮Բûж糺ʲôҲ֪ıŸ飬糺Ҳû⣬Сˡ

ֱӰ΢΢ϣڵĳһ֮ǰΪ糺Ҫϣûпռ齣ˡ

ϣ΢΢ӱԿһԵСϰˮʲôģ˵Щ϶糺׼ģ˼˴ǲɻš

һţӱ㱻ÿˣ㿴糺Ӵ˽ȻһԻ¡

ǸŲ𣿡糺ƺЩεĿʵ

ԲһۣȳĶų͵ɽҪķѲİ

˵̧һ˫鶯ƺϡ

ĳһ·糺

ӣЦЦһ߼еĽһ߿⿪ʵ˵ʲôˣ

Ҫ뿪Ǽ¡糺ӦȻָԼһ裬жһڡ

һЩɻôͻȻҪ뿪ˣһǼ£Щ벻ֻͨúĶ糺ٴʵö˶˵ҪȥĶ

һģ糺ǲԾЦЦųʵ˵ɽ

ɽԲɻظһ飬طЩ죬Ӧ˵һʱ벻ġ

糺ͷҲûĽ͡

ȴͷϸţȻȷʵ֮ǰ˵ط

˵ʮǰʱһλõǵʱһ۱㿴˵ӣҲˣȥԽѧֱ꣬ھлʱ¡

˵λõ˱סڻɽ

ȥʦˣ׺̧һĻȻĿ糺˵

糺Ӧһţɡ

ʵ֪λõȥ֮ҲڲŸϢιȥΪολ˼ңýһ˻

ûô࣬׺Ҳûȥˡ

еĽ٣ٴְһţû͵ԼֱֽõĽٵݸ糺

Ǳߵ糺ˣȴûκζƺǲҪԵ˼

ЩɻĶʵүҪĻҾԼˣ

糺һ

ˣ׼ջʱ糺ȴֱ̧ùٷУȻδӦ˱ֱѹ˹



Ѿڲ֪Ѿʼʻˣ˺ðŽ糺ƿԼЩ̬촽ʱɺݺݵĵһۡ

ƿ糺һµȥˣ·ղšʩ˲һ㡣

ʱĹĵĶ

64

ûؾ, ̤ŵʱ, Ǹоһеĸо洫ӵҲǸϤ

һ˵Ҳûͣܿ޷ص, ĪЩ˷, ƺһ糺Ĵڣһÿȥ

¹ܼһȺվڴſӭ, , 糺һҲŴӺһʱǵⶼСĶ, ȻѾյϢˣۿ⻹Щ档

ү¹ܼҴ΢΢

ĵͷȹֱȥ, ²ʱǰ, ƺûʲôı䡣

糺ں棬ǰӰεҡҡͷ

ƵĻصԼԺӣҪ׼ȥϢһʱҴܽһСˣƺʲôæūż

, ôˣʵ

СˣָæеĶ˹ڽ͵, Ǹոն͹˵Ҫ͵еġ

򸮣˲ЩɻͶûʶ˲ŶԣôͻȻҪˣ

ȻЩ벻ֽͨӹС˵ݹȻֱӴˡ

ȿϵݺ׹ԭκҪڸаһͻ磬ԲŻר˸ӹκҲǺ죬ôͻȻȥ

ڰʾС˿ȥˣ߽ӣû糺Ҳˡ

ү㿴Ҳûӵݹȥ˵

糺ӹĿһ̧ۣʵôǲȥҲ޷ȥ˵һá

ǡֳ͵үҺκҲѣôͻȻȥͻ磿

ԣ糺ƺʲôһ߽ӻһ߿ڽ͵ŶǺͰ˵ˣӻ󣬽κ顣



ͻϢЩǵκһʼ糺̫ΪĿģȴֱ

ϸ룬ûǰͻأϾ֮ǰҲǼ˽¼ģҲ֮޷һףȡˡ

˵κ̵ҲǺվһˣô˵Ҳûô˼ˡ

Ÿе򸮵ķȥ

ʵǿԲȥģڸҲûʲô£ĵӺ֯һ鸰Լȥˡ

һ˶򸮣˴ֱӹȥˣչȥһԵС˺

ܿ죬һ̤㷢ΧѾྩͷС㣬Ǳߵκ̼Ц˹˵κ̼˵ϲֳϣܼʵǼκ̵ĸ֣

䣬ǱߵСҲ׷΢΢

ЦŵͷǺǴк޸糺󣬺ĺôݣ糺ĵλôݵԺӡ

һͨͻ磬Ҳˡ

СˣҲǿκ˵ţǱĵ˻ϣǰλԺǿɾҪĸˡ

κҲû˵ʲôֱȻתصԼλϡ

±㷢ԱиϤǽĳ褾⻹ջ˵һμ

褾΢΢ͷЦſڵ

һ£û뵽ӦҲЦŵͷ

ܿ˱ˣҲʽʼνͻ޷ͻʲôģҲͦڵģһ߳Źӣһκ˶¼ò˵¼ȷʵĺܺãǰһĸо

ǣϵĹӾƵǺڹϺȵĲ࣬Ʋסֶ

֯ˣĵȰ˵ǻٺȵɣһ

İɡͷʾģΪϴκȹףɲϴǰĲ֪¡

ȸ͵ĻˣҲͿʼĿʼ˵һЩеȤ£濴ƺҲ˼

ʱ֪˭һ䣺˵κ̽ǵĲŮ֪û۸ʶһ£

˵꣬ʱһЩʲôҲӦţһʱ䣬еĿⶼκϣпϷģвԣȻҲ׼Цġ

һԵȥղ˺ӦòʱڴĶκ̣ƺһҲûзԼոյĻж޴

ڱ˵ĵϣΪݲգֻҲÿ˵ڣҲ֪ɵװɵˣ£Ժǲùˡ

˶κ̵ʱʱ򲻹ȻǲܾܾˣҲĻˣʱŮӵĽƺûоʲô֮ЦſڵȻҶ⣬κȻɨˣСȥҰ

˵꣬ѾߺܿطһٳˣȻ󻺻κǰϡ

κֺ˿˵䣬ֿ̧ʼ٣ŮȻҲ˵˱һɽˮ㻺һζĸо

˵ʵǺܶɣǲò˵κ̸ȷʵЩоþòֱܻһˣܸоЩ



ȻΪǵһŮ



ʱ׷޲ڡ

κЦЦ˵˼׻һԵѾ½ٱ˻ȥ

ΪҲ͹ȥˣȴղλС㵹ͻȻĿϣһõЦ˵֮ǰұ˵ĺ֪ǿж

䣬Цˣ鷢չĵȤֱλСʵλСǣ

ӸеĶС㡣Աŵ

Եͷǲ֪СǺʱ˵ģ

⻰ʵλСһҭ˶ٲż˵͡˵ġ

𣿡ʱ̧ͷһȦˣٴЦʵǶ˵𣿡

һʱ䣬˵û˿

Ҿһ˵ǡǲ롭Ҿ͡ͲˡʱλСٴγ϶˵޹µС񣬿ΪԼʲôݵ顣

ոΪҪأЩЦĶ

ҡҡǶСӣ˰ҲûҳȻǸģ˶ίƵġ

СҲֻһ˵ûжġ

ܿ˳˵

ЦЦҲǺ⣬ɲκǰ˼ԣܵ˺ȻҪٱͻȥġ

ֶСǰɣո˵ĵҲûȷʵһȻԵõ˵ţȻ̧ȤĶڻǲ볪ָأ

ҡ

üֵŶҵˣǲֶ֪Сݹʸ𣿡

65

Ļ˵, ϺȻøļž, һʱ˶λϣƺЩûӦ˺¡

ǱߵСҲ֪װģ, ƺֻΪԼ˵, ɵͷǸԲҵĻ㲻, ⴦ұ, λȴûġ

ò⻰˵ĺ׼ָոһ㡣

ҲûҲûô, ɺЦĶڵСǶ䲻ʹո˵ǡ˵ָ̧ݹʸͱ˵𣿡

㡭ֶСƺЩˣֲ÷, ֻ˽šԼǻָһ, ҡ

ˣ⸱ģɰڰֵҲݵ΢˼ƽϣʡҪ˵, ֶСȥֱȥүһ˱á

˵꣬ûٿһһȵģ

ˣ˼л, ǴȰ

ǱߵСǰʱΪҲôϾɶܳ裬ѾˣڸвдԲŻġ

һֱΪĻʱʱˣôҲû뵽Ȼл

˵ȥˣȻҲȥܱôˣԹԵļźţƺЩн̧ͷҲؾнǼͻã

˵̧κ˵Ǵ˴ҵˣС㲻ɣ

ʲôǵţκ̵ЦŻصⳡȻϲּġ

ͷҲûôˢڸУһ˰յĳţ˾˸ո£ȻҲûûȥ

ŹѮոλӸֶС㵹ĵ˳ȥӦǴҴææ׼Ȼظˡ

ȻҲˣȴҲûȥ·ϱûôһһ㣬ߵȴţ糺ʱҲ֪ڸЩʲôͻȻеڲμˡ

ţһԵĳ褾Ȼ˹Ȼʵ褾˵ڱɽׯʱ򱻴Ю֣Ȼá

䣬΢΢һ£ǵýûйȥҲû뵽褾Ȼ֪£ҲʲôеıӣЦ˵ͷС㵣ˣҲֻһѣҲûʲô£

褾ͷֺ˵˼ʺĻҲû糺һ֣תصԼλˡ

֪ûжģҲû˵֮ǰ£Цź˵˼䡣

Ҫʱκ˵һ׼֯ظȴû뵽ʱҴһСˣƺǷʲô¡

˻ţκҲλ˹ֱӿѯʵ

СˣæҴһų͵С㣬ո治֪ĶһȺСӵ˺һŵ֮ܵĲӰ

һҲȥ

ôᣬϵѵģẦСС񣿡֯ˣæ˵

СҲС˸ϽЩµ˵

ôƫƫŵģһͺɺϣȻҲΪһѣ֮ȥڵҲû

κȻҲµʲôҲû˵ʲôֻǶ΢΢ǸʱǶ򸮵֣ȥһ

޷С㲻ؽ黳ڰ˵ҲԹȥ

ȥҵǣκ̶С˷Ը˵ֽĿϣ˵ҵظɣҵͻȥ

ԣûĵͷⶨ򸮺һξģɲ֯߻ȥ

ʱһԵĳ褾Ҳ˹˵ҪһͬȥҲҪġ



һ£ʵͷͬģκ

Ǻ֯κ̵ȥˣǻȥʱ糺ҲڸУֱȥ鷿ˡ

ôʲôȤģ糺ˣɳʵ

ԹԵߵԣúԼһ裬һں̧糺صҲûʲôȤģȥʱ䵫ǲ뻹ڸͦĵġ

˵ţһԵ糺Ȼ΢΢üͷűʵֺȾˣ

ٺ٣үⶼ֪鿴˵

糺Щһľζ

𣿡ˣʱɵͷϸԼϣȷʵͦصζЦЦ͵ҾͺһӾƣүģҿɲϴǰȵģȻֱǿ

ǿǡ㡭

Ҳû˳˵ʱӦӲǰѺļ˻ȥ

糺

˵ţ޷Ȼ˽Ȼ糺үӹˣ˵Թⲻǡ

糺겻΢΢һ£ֵܿǰһ

޷һǡִҴҳȥˡ

޷뿪ˣ糺ֽϣʵô£

Ŷ޷˵ҲһȻһʱ䵹ͻȻ磬ѽϵһһʮĺ糺˵ˡ

糺ˣҲûʲôӦʵүѵĲ𣿡

䣬糺ƺŻ̧˵ˣֻǾð̫ˡ



˵糺µ鿴·ʲôҲһ㣬Щɻ󣬲ɳʵүȥǰ𣿡

ԣ糺ŵĻصҿһȥҲ޷

һɳ˳ǣȻ糺ŶԷЩ£ȴĪϲĽ

ȻˣҲȥˣ糺ҲûĽϺܾãһӺŻȥˡ

˵˵ⲻǣҲûиȥ鷿»糺ȫȨá

糺þûȵЩģȻǻ褾һ£ֱӳ޷ʵ޷磬Ǹпǣ

˵֮ǰһֱû£ڸסôãȴҲһֱûע

޷ͷ˵еģ֪ͻȻν£

ȴҹȥһǣһ˷ܣҲûгڽԵɡ

ܿ죬˸еǣĴţȽƫƧѹ֮ǰһֱע

Ǹϵǡ޷ָǰһŵ˵

ʵǵҲǺܴ󣬲浹ʮƥ׳ȻҲĺû֣֮ǾЩ϶һЩϵȵƥ

߹ȥʱüڸιʳʱɺҲһѲʳݵԱһƥߣͷһȥ

ʱ糺Ҳ֪ˣˣæеĲʳ˹ȥԴʱЦ˫۶гһֱߣүҾˣ

ʲô

Ҫѧ




66

ôͻȻѧˣ糺ɶ, Щɻʵ

ʵ˵, ҲͻȻͷһȲŻѧ֮ǰڹʱѾ뷨һֱûˣ, ʱȴǺˡ

ץ, һ˷ܵ˵෽㣬Ҿѧ
糺ҲֻεЦЦ, ˵񰢊δ, ʵǺѵģûǰ򵥡

֪ڷſ糺, ֳ͵֪ѧףܵпͷǣ˵Ҳż, үİɣ

һ²糺Ҳֻܵͷͬ, ˺󣬶ʱ˵ĺ޲Ҫһ㡣

Ҫ糺ȥ׼ΪѡһƥȽ˳űȽϰȫ

ˡƺ뵽ʲôͷ糺ȥȻʵӻȥүôģ
ҵҲûʲô, ӦҲϵλСˡ糿˵

һ΢΢һ£ŵͷšһ, 糺ôҲûڹˡ

Զ

˵ŻͻȻԼһԵһдŸУͷ·ǼԼһ˷ܡ

תͷѰȥ㿴ɫĿԴ˵ĳ߼ţȴֱֱӹԵ糺ϡ

ȡ

Щɻʱ򣬺޷͵үս֮ǰڱ߽һֱүսɳ

䣬ŻȻѹһ糺ƺ˷ܡ

׹ʱЩĳ޷е߹ȥһɫëֻһ˫Щ죬Ǹ׳Ȼĺûһ۱֪϶һƥǳ

糺Ҳ˹̧ȣҲ˳Щ겻һܣ⸱뵽

ôүˣү֮ǰû𣿡Ҳûֱѿڶʵɻһ˵ڣˡ

糺֮ǰݺֻΪ飬϶һЩӰԲûȡ

˼˴Сĳ̽˵үҡ

糺ȴֻµĵ˵ͷȻ㿪ڵԴӻؾ֮⻹ǵһι˵ֽĿϣֵ˰ĸ

ٺ٣ԣҲֻεЦЦ

תͷʱպÿһһƥɫĿڳŲʳƥ˳һɫëźÿˣʱһԵ糺˵үҪƥ

һԵ޷ˣʱЩֹĳ˵

ЩĶʵôˣ

²ǿѡʱ糺Ҳĵ˵



ô𣿡Ļٴγƥϸһʵ˳İ

˵꣬޷ĵٴѵ֮ǰҲƥڴ˽Ϲһٶ졣



ǡǻ˰ɣԲ΢΢ЦŸĿڵǶѱˣǷɣĿǰ˵

糺ѡһƥǴǿ׳о˵ؼòʵЩ˲ֱӡ
үȷ˳ָŴŷŷ˵

ԣ糺ǵͷ˵ţʺϰ



Ȼ糺˵ˣΪԼһЩ࣬ѡƥѧϰˡ

մϻһЩӾƣǲͿʼѡҪõ糺»ȥˡ

ϵʱùźûã׼úõ˯һպ㹻ľѧϰ

һԵ糺Ѿʼ׼ϴʱɻʵ

˯үùңáˣ˵ҲûʲôԵĵط

ô˯磿̫ҲŸոɽöѡ

䣬̹ȻĽ͵ղҪѧϰ𣿽ȻҪúõ˯һ񡣡

ʲô糺

˵꣬Ҳˣֱϴ¶ˡ

Ǳߵ糺е飬ͻȻôҲȥˣҲֻܵȵĺŴ˵ƣȻҲ˯ˡ

һ磬ùźҴҵȥǣ˰ƥǣ˳ΪҪѧ糺ձǵԱ߿ճһСǳ

糺Ȼǲú޾һѧҲ˹ȥ򵥵ĺ˵һЩעǰ

˷ܵİ糺ķһȵЦЦҲûǰѡ

ү޸ңϣͷ糺е˵

糺ȴǱ߷ֱȻǣС˵ǣΧ߼Ȧ

Ĳһ

֪˵ҲãҲֻСǣǳ˺üȦקʱ򣬲ò˵ȷʵôо

һʱܿȥˣȫעŷԼһϣʲôҲûʱĹĵĶ糺ԼĲ

糺ȷʵȫûƵģɰڳһµģЩ

Ϣ͵͵ǰ˹ֱӶС˷Ըȥϵƥǣ

СȥǵʱѸٵĽ˹Ȼŵ

һ׼Ϊǲ᲻ص޴һ£ʱᲽʼϵģĵקҲûʲôⷢ

Ŷԣүǰѧð૵

ʱֻٴޣ׼ֵʱͻȻ糺



һʶ뽫е޲æҼֱصĴ˴ϡ

˻

һ̣ʱŵĽקסʱѲȣҡΣûӦ㷢ԼѾ֪ʱ˦˳ȥ



ΪҪˤ˳ȥʱ㿴һӰɹһ㱻糺ıڻ

糺ȵغܾãڻعʱֱӱסʧ˵ү

ˣûµġ糺ļ򣬳ο

үšۡί̧˵

Լɹᵽҽš

޴󰭣΢ѾΪҩ࣬ղˣڼȷʵҪ󡣡ҽŻ糺

ҽڴ϶糺˵ԲүҲãòүĻ

糺ûЩ۰ˣĵǸ˹ȥĶͷ

Ϊ˲ҵĽ󣬿Ҫ鷳ү˯ڲˡ

糺


67

Ϊ, 糺Ǳűȥ˲Ϣ

ʵҾҲһ֮, ܵ˵Ҳͬһ΢΢Ǳߣ뻹ǳʵү𣿡

û, úϢɡϵ糺˫, ˶ٲ˵

үôӸոһֱ˵ֿʵ

糺

ֻЩưˣͻȻһ˯ое㲻ϰ߶ѡ

Ȼû糺ĻӦ, Ҳ֪û, ŸǺñӰɺã׼˯ʱ, ͻȻƺ뵽ʲôٴŲҵķʣˣҵƥأûʲô°ɣ

ʱ֮ʣڴϵһӺȷʵе, ԲͻȻ㷢ˤֱӱ糺˻, ˡ

Ǳߵ糺ˣ̾һȻӦİɣûʲôµġ

شŰ, ε׼˯ˣܿξУǱߵ糺Ǻ˯, ֻܶµӷ

ڶһ磬󣬲ŷ糺Щԣ΢΢һ£ʵүû˯𣿡

糺ֻǵĿһۣȻӦá



ѽŸˣȻǲȥѧˣҽòҪ߶ҲֻʵʵĴ￴ԼĻӡ

ٽʱһϤӰ

ĳŸʱ򣬱Ǳһ˽΢΢һ£ӱɽׯ⵹ǵһμ

ʲôѳӸˣҲù˼ŸҧһڣЩ˵

˱ЦȻ㻺˹Ŀⲻ˺üȦҽţʱʵû°ɣһղ˵µġ

ͷֵӵˣ֪ҡ

˵ЦˡЦӦ

һĸ˻ȥȻ˲֣Ŀⶢųǻİɳʵʲô

ŶƺôϸѣǲԼĿģæеİݹȥ͵˵ҪѧǳĳΪ׼һװǲ֪ϲϲ

䣬һ£ȻŽӹݹİû뵽ǾȻ׼

װǵɫģ˧ǲ֪ЧôڵҲû취һԡ

ô֪ҪװÿģǶлӵĺˣҲǷһ顣һװһ߿ĳųǵл

ٺ٣ϲãˬʵЦЦȻȴһֹģ

һ£׹ˣװҲǰ͸㶢ʵôˣ

ǡԲɵɵЦţЩ˼˵ǸܲܰҰѹСԼһ£

ʲôأ

ʱûüӦʱ糺˽ƺЩ⣬Ҳû˵ʲôֱеװʱɿʵװǣ

Ŷǳ͸ҵġЦŽ͵

ԣ糺ʱźۼ俴˳һۡ

ƺδʲôֻЦǺǵĳкү˵ֲɴһȻ૵Ÿոô͸оأ



°еװųǵͷ˵⵹û⣬ͻȻҪԼ

³ǱסˣԿ˰³֣͡е¡

䣬һۣĴš

õĻشҲûܿҴҸǻȥˣֻεҡҡͷôоԼýƵģ

˵µҲ򵥣Ҳûˣ⵭ɫװʵͦϲģٴ

һԵ糺ˣҲ˹ĿҲװϣ㿪ʵүװΣ

糺δ˵ٴĳ˵ǿŲôףû뵽۹⵹ǲģװоӦͦʺҵġ

ԣ糺ֻǵġšһӦϲá

ͷҲûôע⵽糺顣

ҽҩʵʵգҽǺҲڿˡ

Ҳûмȥ⼸Ҳĺˣ¼ãðͰǺúõ糺ĻȽϺãʡٷϴˡ

糺ЩҪҲûʱѧϰˣһ˰˵ģһһ硣

ʱ뻹ûȥˣ糺ʱȥźãĵһ鷿׼ҵ鿴

鷿ſڵˡ΢΢ͷ

ͷֱŶ룬ʱͻȻ治֪ʱһСĺϻӡ

ʲôЩɻϵĺϻӱȻĽϡ

ϻӲûҲʲôҪĶǺĽ򿪣澲һ·

װ΢΢һ£ֽ·ȻһɫװҿӺҲ糺ģŮӵġ

ʱķӦү׼İɣѹռ͸һװ糺ЩԾԭΪ

˼˴װЩЦҲǸоů

ŵһµĵģĳԼĶ糺ǳʵѧϰ

ͷӦţ˼ȦүʱڽҰɡ

糺ˣҲû˵ʲôˡ

ˡͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ҽһ³ҵװоȷʵܷ㡣

ԣ糺һ£ָֻܿһƽģ˵ͦõġ

ġšһͻȻ̾һú˵ֻһҲǺܷ㣬Ҫǻһ׾ͺˡ

糺

ȥ鷿ˣ糺ʱɳʵ˵ôˣȻ׹ˡ

ŬЦŵġšһȻ̧˵үʱ׼װ

糺ͻȻֲˡ

ǳǹװհɣģɲ²

֪Լǰ㣬̲סЦȻ˻ż˵үȻͦϲ͵װү͵һĵġ

ԣ糺һۣЩš

ϻطʱ糺󣬲ִ˴˵үˣҲá

糺ɲš

˲ЩεЦЦֵͻȻ֣үԽԽСˣ

䣬ǰ糺Ȼͣ˽ŲȻתĿ

Ҳ£Сһɰ

ֻĻû˵꣬һ̱˱ֱӱ糺

ү

ط˯



68

糺Ľ̵, ˽һ²ڳɹѧ, Ϊ廹ֻȥҫһ糺Ҳֻεҡҡͷ

֯ʱǷǳϤӰ, ǳǺ͹ѩ, ƺҲǳˬһ

ǵģʱĵĸ

, ΪҪǣ֯һĳʵ

꣡ʱһС, ӱߵĶ˲δתͷ֯˵鸮ôɹѩһ˳, Ƕ˵ģǾ͵͵ĿĪҪٳˣǷǾ͡

û˵, 㿴֯ȵָָȻ󿪿˵, ڡ

ͻȻʶʲôʱɻͷһ㿴ոջСӱߵ˾֪ʱͻȻ

ĿӣĪЩΡ

ǳȴƳĬʵ

ȿȣ˲װģĿ, ȻѸֱͦ壬תЦ˵ӹС㣬ɰҲ氡

ǣ

ѩѩһߵģ, ΢΢ͷк

εЦŰڰ֣棬С㲻ÿ
ǵƺʶʲôٴγʵΪλ

ԣֱ׳İһۣȻŽ͵ãˬģǴڸʵƵĻţҳ߻У

䣬ǱߵĹѩĵǣЦŶ˵ȷʵߣǲһȥδɣ

˵꣬ҲûбʾԼ̬ȣֱһԵĳ̲סЦһЦһֵ߰ˣȥɣҳҲЩʱˣүҲûˡ

ҲǶ˶ѣɲ֯ȥӣ֯Ҵҵ뿪

˵ȻͿüȥģû뵽Ƿչͦģջȥ󣬲յĹ֪˾ȻѾµϢ

ү˵㲻ǰýˣſ糺Ļһ˵ˮһ߻˵

糺ֻǵġšһͷõĽ٣һݵߣ糺һҧȥſڵǵȥҪý񡣡

һԴЦЦ

ӾƽĹȥˣ⼸¾еҲûʲô£һоĲУΰѵƿʱʱɱǰľ󾪴ˡ

ããһƬԶѩ·һǰãƺ˺ܾòŷӦæת˻˷ܵŻڴЬ糺̾ү¡ѩˣ

䣬糺΢΢һ£ַܿסú󿪿˵ȥȰ·ãСȾ˷纮

ֻáŶһŹԹԵĽ·ϣúֹ˿ů磬糺ģЩЦ

ѩƺ궼ҪһЩƿŵʱӭ洵һʱһ

ûô⣬ʱ㿴Ҵ˼ˣÿжɨѣƺҪԺѩɨȥ

룬æǷԸԺĻѩùǽߵĻѩɨȥǡ

ƺЩɻ󣬲Ƿ׷Ӧһȵɨ

֯ȻҲ˹ʵΪβɨԺĻѩ㶼û˵ġ

޷Ǵ߱ã㿴Ժӵİѩÿ

ôһ˵Ҳɨɨȱȥ˱糺ֱõţҲûгԺӡ

ûãһܵԺ̨ȥű̧Ųѩϣ㴫֨ѩ

ߵԺӵмʱ糺Ҳ˳Ȼ㿴ѩ϶ȥɳʵ

ԣǱߵͷҲ̧˵

ǵÿѩʱϲڴ׸ɾѩϻһԺվһĵطȻԺһ˱һͨ

ʱĶƺĿ֣

𾢵ʱ򣬱֨ĲѩĻͷȥ糺֪ʱҲ˹ȻӸµĿĶʵ⻭ġʲô

ջԼߣĿԼϣڽ͵ҲŸջһ㣬үҲ

糺

ڻüͷ糺ſĻʲôǳɻʱϺ͸ϲǣųĺ⣬ΧûˣֻǶˡ

һʣվǶ׵ЩͣһʱЩ飬ЩˤڵأһԵ糺ۼֿĵķס

ôǲǺܺÿȶӺʱɶԼƷĶ糺ʵ

ԣ糺ıƺЩԥʵ˵֮ܿԼȫΪκϲ

һڴĿ糺ֻɤӣ˵ͦÿģ

ʲô

Ϊαһһ



ҾôһүȥЩϸĵ˵

糺



£ƣһƺûʲôЧʱίͰ͵̧糺ү䣡

糺̾һ㽫ı˫ԼУεûﻭ˵ţȴС֣ʵںõû

ҡͷ糺ûüӦֱӴгȻż⣬˫Ѹٵе棬

糺һ£ֲܿЩЦ˵̫ˣǷſҡ

Ҫҡҡͷϵƺˡ

Ĳſ

ţ

糺ЦЦ˵Ǿɣ˵Ҳֱ 

ʱĵӣ糺罫˶ȦůĻİݡ

ҲûڳĿۣʱȴȻоһ΢΢̧ͷ

ղ֪ʱƮѩ

֮⡣

վ¥ĳϣİѩƺЩҲ֪Щʲô

ʱһҴ˹£ͻĵĴѩؾ·Щá

һѾϵҲû⣬뾩ҲûԶľˣһЩҲܻؾˡ

ʲôѩʱķдһŷű汻򿪡

ֻ߳һλʳŮӣһİɫȹͷϴһɫĶң˿ò

飬ôˣ

вŮӿİѩһʱԭأܿ˷ܵĳȥ

ͻȻ뵽ʲôɽļ紺ӳ𣬱δ뿪

Ĳ˵ѩתȦ

ʦ֣㿴ѩ

ʱ֪Ϊ롣



69

ת۱Ѿ붬, Ҳ˲, ɽϲóһЩʲôġ

ҲûʲôҪˬӦȵڶѩͣ, ʰŶ, δȥȥġ

˵ѩѾ, ȴЩ, ǰбȽů

ʵ嵹ҲȱʲôЩҲһ, ǻЦˡ

Ƿһ飬ĸ֪ʱѾ΢΢¡ˣȵ˵, ǡ

Ļû˵꣬ƺ֪˵ʲô, ʱ󷽵ĵͷ

õ϶Ļشԭأ˺ðŻعæһȴִžϲĿⶢ˵㡭

Щ˵ˡ

ôģЦҡҡͷ, ˵㾪ҶɻôˣҲ˵ϤԼĶ, Ȼ̧ǰ㣬ôôҲĺأ

ôҲû뻰ͻȻϣʱֻεЦҲֻһ䣬δȥ

ʵ糺ûϾ֮ǰһֱűǰκ˫ȣҲνһ˳Ȼá

㣬ϲ˶ðæֳʵϸϴιǿǰˣʱӦûûеġ

䣬岻˵Ӧò˰ɣ

һЦŵͷȻ˵𶯣˵ţһֹֻȥ

ʱûôԻأҲʲôģЩЦĿ˵ȴҲûֹ֡

ٺ٣ЦЦĿ⻺Ķϣ˵Сһð

忴һɵɵģҲֻεҡҡͷˡ

յʱǹĺܿ죬δûñ»ص

ʱǷִǰѲ֪ʱһ΢΢һ£ȷʵ㳯һԴ޷ʵ޷磬Ǻ˴

޷罫ǣһԣѰ˹ȥܿ˵Ӧӵµ



֪Ǵӱɽׯʱȷʵ²ܻؾձѾˡ

ǽȥɡͷҲδٶ˵ʲô޷ֱӽ˸С

֪糺Ǻ鷿Ҳûֱȥ޷ֿ׼ֱӻԼԺȥ

·԰ʱͻȻǰվһλɫȹŮӣֻվһƬããĴѩ֮УһңЩûиˡ

ʱŮһָָ˴һ֦ϵѩǸɾЦݣ˷·͵ľһ㴿顣

ܿõľлع̧˹ȥʵǺˣ

ǱߵİŮӸһƺһæı㽫ĶҴͷϣ±˿Լһ㡣

ɻˣɼӿ˽Ų߹ȥٴʵǣ

ҽв飡µŮӿӦ࣬һ㡣

飿Ĭһ֣ȷʵδҾ֮Ҳûôһˡ

ģҲʲôˣЦ˵ô

ʦִҹġʦֵֶʱ΢΢һ˿ϲ

ԣͻȻʱʶʲôɳʦֿӵ£

˵⻰ʱʵѾȷ˲ݣǵ֮ǰ糺ǺŲΪολʦҪһ˻

԰һʱЩĽͷϵĶϲĿ˵Ҳʶʦ𣿡

ڶµһ̣ԭأŷֲͫ׾Ȼһֵɫģ·ʢǳ󺣡

㶵ģŷӦæҵٴνҴϣŵԲԲʦ˵˲ڱǰժҵģ˵ǿһẦ¡

ŻعȻЩȲͫȴҲûú£ȷʵ˿ȥ˰Ҳ

ûµģעһЩ´οɲժˡЦЦʵ˵

ĵͷ

ˣոڸʵ

һ㻶ϲ˵ڿѩ㲻֪ǰסĵطÿ궼Ǵ죬ɽһδѩ

ҺСʦ˵ѩƯĶɾִ⣬ֱĿѩҲŷʦ˵Ķģûƭң

䣬һʱͻȻ֪˵Щʲôˡ

ʱǱߵ糺֪ʱҲ˹˱æ˹ȥЦźʦ֣

Ȼͷ˵ЩʲôҲûϢȥվ糺һһ߹

ʱģ糺ʵ

ͷ˵ջġ

糺ֻǵġšһƺе٣ֱӽԼ£Ȼְϵϡ

Ҳûоܾ˫۴Ӻ滷Լ

ӦһصǱҲûжܿҴҵĳˣ׼

ȴ֮С

ص糺ѯʹڲ¡

ȷʵӵʦãӦһγɽԶų»¶״̬֮סһʱ䡣糺һ߰һȲһ߻˵ƺ뵽ʲôĻҰѰסҲǿԵġ

ԣһۣȻӹݹȲ裬һСůůӺų˵ʲôģ⸮еǿյԺӣҲûʲôġ˶٣ֵҵǻͦϲģһڸҲĵĽ

ˣ糺Ҳû˵Щʲô

ҩȲ裬ͻȻ뵽ʲôתֶʵү۾

⻰糺΢΢һ£ſڣˣ

ʵġšһ

ԣ糺̾һ˵ҲؾþȺ£ӳģͫ

䣬ƽĵͷ˵үˣҵûʲôò۾ĺÿ

糺

㣬ס

գͲһ˵ʱ֯Ҵҵ˽˵ӵ¹ˣ˵Ҫ

ʦˣ

֯Ļ˵һ룬㱻һԵĲˣæ˳ȥҲ˵һ㣬ȥʦ֣

˵꣬ĶӰӣ

Ҳֻεҡҡͷһһᣬûòָ˵Ļˡ

㣬ʦָոˣҴ˹һ˵һ߽Сݸ

ЦŵͷĿȴϵЦݣǰĴ⡣

ϲģ֯ȥˣЩԥĿʵϲ𣿡

ţһЩɻĶ

ʲôϲ



70

겻Щ, Բɻ󲻽, 죬ȴֲ֪ô͵ĺá

Ǳ߲΢΢˺ÿüͷ˵Ҽǵúʦ˵, ҲǺ, ʦ˵ҵĴϲҵûЧġ

ԣ̾һ, 㻺˵ʱ򲻶ҲΪβһ˵£ʵͦϣϲ, Ҳ˵ܿκ̳ɻ飬Ǹλ, ôܴ֮С

˵꣬ԲţͻȻʶԼղź©ʲôʱ̧Щ˼ĶŲ, ʵո˵ʲôʲô
ǴȻ˵һֱʦ书ģʦƫƫֻ̻Ҵѡ

ߡŵظһ顣

ͷ, ֵţʦ˵ΪͫԲźСʱҡ

ʵһδɽʱ򣬱㾭ʦ˵һиʦ֣˶ʦֱɽ, ֻҪʦһ±á

ʲô£֪ΪΣֲõԤС

䣬鲻ҡҡͷ, ƳԴ˵ҲʦδҾ˵һ˵ȥˣʦҲû¡

Բ˳˼УͻȻʲô֮ǰŻ˵ҪȥһˣΪҪòߵˣˡ

һǵʥϳʣһǡ̫糺⡣

㣬ôˣƺģǰ˻ΣЩɻʵ

ŻعʱµЦЦ˵û£ֻͻȻ뵽һˡ

ŶƺûвʲôҲûڼȥ

ŲŷʱѾˣǵȻȥˣҽ档

ͷӦһá

ˣʱ򡣲ͻȻЦָָϵļӣѯʵЩӺȤ֮ǰδҴȥ𣿡

ûµʱֻóӺͲƵĵԽԽϲЩʵҲ֮ǰģȹӱûûʲôӦȻ԰˵ֳһԵ֯Ը֯ȥæ⼸͵Ժӡ

һǸ˵ͷ˵лл㣡

ϵʱ糺ڴ׼˯ʱ΢΢Դ˹ȥ˵үҽ˵һ¡

ʲô£糺һ߽ӻһεİҴҴӣԷˡ

Ҳûʵ˵ֶ˶٣Դ糺үǲǺ֪ˣ

糺ǡšһȻŽ͵ʵ˵λ˼͸һԲŻѰһͫ˻ȥЩ֮ǰҲҲ֪ġ

ôأǻһ˰ڵɾͬһŰֽһ˵Ҳ̫ƽˡЩп˵

䣬糺̾һ˵ʲôǹƽģʵԼҲԸ⣬Ҳûǿ

ǰʲ⣬ʵҲԲˣֻϣ¶ãǵˣָöôʹడ

ӣҲûٹʲôֻڸʱʱͲһѣڼҲҲһĴһЩδС

գһ㷢ֲڸУɻ֯һȥĶˣ

ϱСȥˣҪȥʲô¥֯ʵĻش

Ԫ¥Ҳ֪ΪΣͻȻֱ˵һط

֯ˣһĻȻǣԪ¥

˵꣬ȴٳˣǵûĻ̫糺ʱ

ûٶ˵ʲôֱȥ鷿糺ˣ治֪ʱѩĺ紵΢΢Ųӡ

ƿ鷿Ĵʱ˳һЩѩæֻͷҴҵĽŹϣȥ

̿𣬿Ƕůͣȡ˹糺Կ飬ˣҲûʲôȡ

糺֡

һԵ̿յǹȥӰ˹Ȼִ˴̿档

ӵ糺

䣡ů͹̧Щп˵

Ǳߵ糺ֻҲŵ˹˶ӵ̿

ҡҡͷ˵޷ֻǸմѣЩѾͦõġ
糺ͷ

ˡͷ糺ٴγ˵´ȥԪ¥

䣬糺Ҳûо⣬ʵġšһֵӦǵһ졣

һ΢΢һ£Ȼ֪糺е˼ЩҲ˽⵽ĴʵûжͨһҲֻܴһ˶ѣ»üܳɹ

Ӧѡ̫糺ˣô׼

ض롣糺ƺ֪Щʲôץ֣Ż˵

šͷȻôϣˣҲҵġ

ŻģͻִҴ뿪ˡ

ûãӣſڶһѩȻ˽Χ̿Աߣ˵㣬䰡

ЦЦתһȲݹȥ˵ȵȲůůӡ

лл㣡Ľӹ豭Ц⡣

ôпɺ棿

ԣæͷ˷ܵ˵Ȼô䣬ɺ֣кö֮ǰδȤĶ

𣿡ЩЦĿ
黺ȲȥӦţܿĵģ

Ӧţȴδǰ

磬﷢ʱ֯ҴҵĴ˽

ôˣΪæʵ

ոն˹˵С㴫Сһ档֯˿æ˵

κҪ飿

֯Ļ΢΢üͷЩͲЩ࣬κӦǵõʲôԲŻżһ顣

Ӧʵأ

ѾԼˡ֯Ӧ

ȻκӦò嶯֮ʲôе㵣ģԸ֯ȥ鷿ү˵һ

ǡ֯ͷ׼ȥ뵽ʲôɳʵҪ
ҳȥȻү˵޷ĸҵ󡣡˵Դϴ֮űѾϰ޷ţȻ⾩֮ӦҲʲô¡

ܿ죬ִ֯Ҵҵȥˡ

֪κ̺Ͳĵص㣬һ˹ȥˣڽڷˣů£Ҳûоǰˡ

ǼĵصûԶһ¥УȥʱڵϻлѩԵʣ¥ĴҲ˶ѡ

κ̺ͲӦþ¥ϵİ䵱С

ҲûֱӴȥڴһλã׼ȿ˵

ûãĶȴȻһӰʶĿȥ㷢һϤס

ЦŶ

þò

71

ͻȻ΢΢ס, ôҲû뵽Ȼʱھ, ҿӦûһֱ

ǲô죬ЩأЦЦֱԼһˮ

, ڳϲ, ۣû, ôȻ￴ˡ

ͳʲôʱľǣϿع, Ҳûֳŵ˼һƽĿڵ, ·ֻϤ֮һ㡣

ϵĲ豭Ļ˻Σ̧Ц˵쵹Ҳû죬㿴ղų, 棬Եأ

, ΢ɲĳ˳ǣɲҪԵ֡

ʵЩ㲻ͼҪ˵Ϊٴνץߣǿڴ֮ͥ£˵ǽ²ȵǾ, ҲܾĿŵĽߡ

ھǵĹϽǱȽŵģ㿦͵͵, Ҳû˽

˼˴룬ֱӿǲ֪ͳͻȻν£

˵꣬δǲһڲˮſڵҲûʲô¡ϴȥūһˣûȥɣЩϧŹȥһˡ



֪ȷʵǳԼģ˶ھ¥Ĵһۣƺδɵˣͷ·ֻпһһ㣬ɻĶ˵ͳ֪ȥˣ

޷ٶȣʱӦþͿˣȻ֪ʲôҲֻܾʱ䡣
Ӧǻ뿪ġüƺš

ЩЦĶŶǱҪͳԵˡ

䣬ĿƺϵĻһ㣬ķ²豭˵ʵҲûʲôǱ·ⲻԶһɽֵʱ򣬵ǺɲɵһԻҲסһͨķޡ˶٣ֶ

ʱƺ뵽ʲôɫʱˣĿҲĶ

ȴЦЦŲæļ˵֪ԷͦҸģߵʱ򰡣컹˵ǸŮѾУ˵ǲһϲ£

䣬ߵ½ץԼ䣬ôҲ벻ǾȻ֪廹ŵϢһȥһʱӸĻҡ

ôˣ֪ʵĿ˵ҲһҲż

ջƽһŻָ֮ǰı飬ڶ濦ϣʵͳô

һ޹Ӧغ£һ˶ѣұ֤˺ġ
ǱԸأٴʵ

ǱȻҲǿ󣬾ǲ֪ԻӶĺӻ᲻˳Цҡҡͷ·һҲ˵

䣬˵ãһˣ

ȻԼһȥʲôδ֪Ҳֻ㣬ͶĺΪʲộⱲӶûĵ

¥κ̺Ͳƺ˵˲δ˴ӰʱȻҲϾ˼ǶˣܿͿһ˾¥

濦һѾ׼һ߹ȥʱ÷Ⱥй޷磬ջǵͷ档

ʱȻϾ廹ڿС

Ӿ¥ʱ΢΢Щʧ񣬵ƽ׼ظȥȴÿ˴߽޷磬һ±˹ȥЦ˵ɰ޷Ҳﰡ

䣬޷ֻĵͷĿȴھ¥ĴĴţƺѰʲôһ㡣

һԵĲˣɺٴʵ޷磬˭

ԣ޷Žϣʵأ

㣿Щɻ󣬲Ŀ˵Ҳ˺һôû

˵꣬޷ʱüͷĿȻ˲ԶһϣĲ豭ûüʰȲ軹ðȻ뵽ʲô

ãֱ֣ת˳ȥ

ĪĲһˣ֪ĸϽ̧Ÿ˳ȥںʲôˣ޷ȵҰ

汾ʵղ֪ʱ죬ɵĿٴƮ˽׵ѩУһԵĴҲ˷סˣҲ֪ѾߵӦѾ˳ǡ

һ·һɾĸۡһִҴҵȥˣһĴţΧһжİ

ܿ㱻ŵһ䣬ȻķֱҲûʲôŵģ֪ڿûеõԼҪĶǰӦöǰȫġ

Ҳһͨͨķ䣬Ŀ˿ֱܿ¡

ոտʻһ·ǿ٣;ͷεĲˣסˣֱܾˣҪúϢһųɡ

ûϢãű㱻ˣ̧ȥ㿴һϤӰ

˵

г֣΢΢Щȣܿع񣬹Ц˵û뵽ܼǵҵ֡

䣬ɳ˳ǣ¥£Ҳ

һҲȡ˵

νʼ磬˵ҲûҪȣڵҺͽҲûʲô𡣡

ʵͿᣬһҲе⣬֮ǰڱׯ£ѾǺܺõ˵ˡ

ЩףԸΪƫƫңȵüĿȻĶʵ



Ц˵үذһѣǸ𣿡



ɲ糺İŪɲᰲȻǵĽֻǸҡ

ǲ֪ҪˡЦһ͵˵ǵһ䣬аʧҿ϶ǻڵģ

ԣҲûķӦдһĨ壬˵ˣڴ˺úϢɡ

䣬ת˳ȥ

ϵʱ򣬱ͷ˹ˣǺ˼ɵĳǻʱķʲô

ùŹֱڴ׼ϢˣѾһƬĪı뵽糺Ҳ֪ʱЩʲôӦûżɡ

㱻գڼҲδ˹˻ÿտͷ˵⣬ҲûڶˣϢҲһŲ֪

ֹ˼գ緿ٴαˣΪ緹˹ˣҲûô⣬֪˵

Щʱûࡣ

䣬ɺ̧ȥ㿴̫糺ⲻ֪ʱǸ˳ģϹЦ⣬Ŀ

΢΢һº㷴ӦʱЩЦĿ˵̫ӵôͻȻ

Ȼģ˵С˽̧˽

糺ֳϴڱɽׯЩˣ֪ұһ֡

ԣȻЩﲻȴµЦſڵã̫ӵ֪ʵĵĽ

ɲⷿôЩ죬˵˶ûС

˽̷׵糺׷£ֽɫù˵£λִɺã

롣糺⵹Ҳûʲô˵

ĺ糺˼ȦſʵҵһЩʣ֪̫ӵ¿ɷҽ󣿡

Ŷ糺΢΢һ£ܿЦſ˵ʲôֻܿڱǡ

գ

ִ̣˻̧糺˵ҾһС²Ը£Ҳкܶ;ΪһҪūһ𣿡

ʱҲȥĨˣҲȷʵ糺ΪƫƫҪͿᡣ

²յ˲٣Ǳߵ糺ʲôҲûһ㣬ִźɫЦ˵

Ҳ⣬ͷ˵ǲ̫ӵ¡

ǫˡ糺Ц˵Ȼе¡

˵̫Ҳǽղ֪𣿡

˼һôµʱ򣬱糺ڶǵ٩޾ԳΡ

ͻȻסˣȻ糺֮ǰ˵ĻȻ糺ˣǲе

š

ʲôµ糺סˣ˵

̧ͷЦĿ˵̫ӵ˵ĻȻŵġ

˵꣬糺ⲻЦЦָֻ֮ǰ˳ģͷ˵ˡ

糺˱㶼û˵ǽĶ̣·ֻһ壬δ¡

糺뿪ٴ˼ž֮У˫ĿŴеһѩϣҲ֪Щʲô

ڶһ磬˯е洫һƹƹҵ·ʲô򶷵ɻĴӴ

ءһűˡ

㿴糺Ź⳯߹


72

鷿С

޷Ҵ˽, æ˵ү, ǶѰһ飬ûϢҲûٳֹ

, Ե糺սȭͷ, ʧٹѾаչȥˣûһϢɷ겻ѡ

ǰ˵Ϣ, ˵, ȻĿǰ˵ӦҲʲô, ʳѰ

أ糺̧ʵ

үЩһֱڹУƺûʲôٶ޷Ӧ

˵ţķٴαƿ, ֻ֪ʱҲˣ˿ɫص, ΢΢üͷųʵûϢ𣿡

糺ֻƽĿһۣ㵭ġšһ

ѾžѲ鿦ټźܿϢȰ, ¡˹ȥֿ˵

ԣ糺δ, ֻµȭͷĸĽ·һ̱һȭǰ顣

鷿һʱ֮Уܿ糺Ǳ˳ƺ׼ȥ΢΢һ㶣ʵҪȥģ

ȥ糺һֱȥһ˵

䣬ƺһæֹɣ񸸻ʵѾһ첻һˣϲʱвóȻ

˵꣬糺δֻ̧Ķץס첲ˡ

Щֵʱ򣬲ͻȻ洳˽Щģһ·ܹһ㣬˼ų˵ү֪ˣ

һ䣬˱˲䶼Ķ

飿ЩɻĶʵ

̧ײߣһ£ֲܿźۼŲԼ߶糺ٴγ˵ү֪ںδ



糺󣬵ЩûӦֱֱӹһѽʱʶԼûпȵĺҲһвΣ糺ڱ

үûԼʲôģֻǷ糺סĪоЩίЩʡ

糺ĳͷ߻૵ûµģˡ

䣬վЩ΢㶣ܿ֡šһ

糺û˵ϵɽһЩڻ

ʱͻȻʲôæ̧ͷ糺ʵˣүأûʲô°ɣ

糺Żſ˵û£õġ

û¾ͺáһʱһҪ˵ЩʲôʱĿȻ糺ұߵֱϣ·һĿӣΧһƬѾѪȾɾүֱۡ

˵ţæץ糺֣ĿĶ˿ڡ

ԣ糺ûʲôץֱۣ۵ģЦЦ˵Ǳ˵Ѫˣúµġ



ĵᶼҪɷſ̧һۣ峺л˸⡣

ˣ뿪˵꣬糺ֱס֣ȥ

ĴҲ֪ʱѾֹͣˣ糺Ժӵʱ㿴ѾѪվĵĲϣȴηЦš

ԺʬףһŸոմ򶷵ļңɸожѪζһʱŻĳ嶯

һԵ糺һѽƽϢ



ʱԺﴫЦ̧ȥʱöЩЦ˲Ҳ֪ʲôܡ

ֻɨһֽۣܿĿ糺ϣȻ¶ʲôһ㣬ԳЦ˵糺Ӯˣ

˵꣬δӦ㱻糺Ѹתӽ߳׵סһ̣޷˵үҧԾˡ

糺ƺûʲôӦֻǵͷǻȥɡ

ԣľګ̧ͷ糺ƺЩع㶵ĵͷ

ܿ죬糺һ˳ȥȻֲΪȥһµģȴҲֱӷԸ򣺡ظ

Ҳȥˣſ糺ĻоⰲģҲȻķԱ㲻֪˯ˡ

ٴ˫۵ʱ㷢ԼѾϤĴϣ糺һ΢΢Ӷ·㣬ڼδ뿪һ

ˣ糺ʵ

벻ײߣ΢΢һ£ܿعЩЦĿ˵ţүһֱ㿴

䣬糺ûḧſڵûʲôǾܺá

һЦЦȻ˫ֺưѹԴ£Ŀⶢ糺˵үǲҼδúױ磬Ǳ㿴ɡ

糺ҴҴӵһǡ

ˣүô֪룬ֳʵ

糺ĻһƣӦҵġ

飿

ԣɸоЩȣû뵽֪ͻȻչ糺⣬ֺЩʲô

ͻȻʲôʱ̧糺˵үƭˡ

ʲô糺ƺЩûӦ겻΢΢һ

Ҳ˵Ķ

糺εЦЦʵƭʲôˣ

ָָ糺ֱۣѾײˣƲ㿴ү˵Լû˵ġ

糺ͷһ˿ڣŷӦʱЩЦҲֻܽ͵ʱ˵Ŀɶģ·ϴƬѪȷʵҵġ

Ѫû˺޸ϵ

Ծ𣿡ʵ

糺ͷ˵ū˲Ǻܶ࣬мǱߣʣµı㶼ұ뽫ؾǵģȷʵҧԾˡ

ĺӵĿɺã

糺ĴָĥɰӣģǶԷ˺¶֪飬Ȼĺܺá

һЦšš

ڸϢպŻָԭȥҲʱ򣬲һĻӿͶ롣

㣬ˣ鿴󣬱æеĻӣӭ˹Ц˵ӿɺЩˣ

ͷϢգ糺ЩʣԲδˡ

ү˵ΪҲԵþȣǲ֪ôлĺáº󣬱Ųл

һȴæսȥңôᱻץ˹ȥ˵ҵĲǣӦһ˴кˡ

֪ΪΣЩͻȻое㲻һˣȻǸģڤڤ֮ʲôȴˡ

ЦЦ֯óһϻӣȻݸ˵Һܾ֮ǰõһҾúͲǺʣԱ˹

ˣ׼˵Щʲôʱȴֱˣűǣõʲô

ԣŽӹϻӣȻ˵лл㣡

ֺ֮ͲһЩȤ£˺ܳһ뿪

ԿԺ󾩳еǰ˲٣ûùб㴫ʲΣϢһʱ䣬۷׷ס

ڸĵʱ֯ҴææĴ˽˵˵ӺͶ򸮵Сκ̺ձҪɻˣ

һֲһ٣̧ܿͷ֯ʵ˵ʲô

˵Ϊ˸ʳϲӵ²ŽǰˣͶںա֯ٴγ͵

䣬ͻȻ֪˵Щʲôˣ뵽˲飬ֻ̾һŷԸԸȥڴ£еһŲ̸ۣرڲǰ

ǡ֯Щ㶵Ӧ

ʱ򣬲һ棬ɻЦ⣬ƺںյ鲢֪

ȻһȴĪĸоʲôطԡ

㣬ⱾϵΪûһ𰡣ָϵĻʵ˵ָпĺÿϧ

֪ΪΣͻȻоЩᣬȻ֪Ų飬񲢲ʲôãǻ֪ġ

ԺЩʲô

ԣ鲻ҡҡͷشҲ֪ҰʦֺӦûỷɽɣ

ٻûüʱȥҲã롣

˹գһڸӭ׵Уƺ֮ǰ糺׻Ҫ֡

ղ֪ʱƮѩҲӰʲô죬ֵİֽкõ

룬׼ȥҲ飬ȴ벴鵹һˡ

㣬һˡµ˵·ûʲôӡ

ȴһ£תЦѩҪȥģ

ΪѩҲһһĵطѩ㶼֪ܼѩжˣҺϲѩЦŽ͵

ԣ죬һʱȴֲ֪˵ЩʲôãֻܵͷҲã롣

İɣ鲻ģ֮ǰҿ϶ģ



73

뿪û, 糺, Щ죬ɳʵүôˣ

ӦڹвμĻ

һ糺ȡϵ, Ȼ˳ֵݸһԵ֯, ߹˵ҲûʲôҪģұֱӻˡ

ͷ, 糺ֱһ, Ҳᳵ·ĻĻﻹСţү, ոճȥˣҲû᲻ʲô°

糺˶ӵ̿󣬲Ц˵ֲС, ⾩ҲϤܳʲô¡

Ȼô˵, ЩģҲû˵ʲôˡ

糺Ȼסеһֻ֣İţŵڵ˼⾩ӦþҪˣǴڸбȽϺá

ţʵɻ̧, Щʲôʱȴֺ֪ʲô

Ǽֲ˼ˣ⼸չоҪʲô, 糺Ż˵

үҪȥ𣿡ʵǲϣ糺ֲģӦҲܡ

䣬糺ȷʵ΢΢һᣬҡҡͷ˵ȥĳɰѾҪˡ

һЩԼĶ䣬ٴʵүȥ

š糺ĵͷ

⣬Ҳûټ

ʱ򣬲Ȼˣƺûʲô£лС⣬·һв

ҽ˲ٶ͸ģ鱧Ŷ˹ĵ˵Ȼֽеݸ

ֽӹûü˵˵˽㣬ҽ컹ʦֵĻˣ϶ˣˣ

𣿡һ£ܿµЦ˵

ͷ˵һʦһϣŴѩȴҲǸעĿ

ҿǵһοʦЦǰ㿪ģʦӦúҸɡ߶߶˵ţ˵һԼɵһ㣬ֶˣ㵱үɻʱҲ𣿽㲻Ͳ˵˵

Ұҵү˵ŲĻӵ˵˵ȴ糺ɻ죬Ѿһȥˣȴַ·һ㡣

ǳɻգǳ˲⣬糺˸ҹ͵͵ŷҳԵġ

Ȼȥ͵ռĻʱ㷢ĵĵĴЦţĩ˲˵ү˽㣬ȴװ֪
ǰҲĸЦЦ

ЦƽֵýүһֱһҸ

䣬֪ΪĪЩᣬЦݺû֮ǰǰĴ⡣

һʱûٳ

ʱˣϢɣҾȻˣ鿴˿ɫŻ˵

Ӧһ㿴תȥ
˯ʱͻȻ糺ʵүΪλѡվߣ

ԣ糺û뵽ͻȻܿعŻ˵һûʵۣҪôһˡ

꣬ͻȻʲôΣܺúõػҵɽǱ㹻ˡ

ˣ˯ɣʲô˳Ȼá糺ļ򣬵͵͵˵

šͷܿۡ

ɻֹ֮˼գбͻȻϢ˵ǳʿҪˣһʱ䣬ǶЩ

ϢʱҲûо⣬Ͼ糺ѾҲʵʵһֱС

գò죬֯ʧ˽ſڱ˵ˣ

ܵЩ˵ĲǺˡ

˺£ʵͻȻӦǷ˲õĴ
ˣҲæܹȥ֯˳˳˵֯㲻Ҫż˵

֯̿ˮȻһڣſڼ˵гˣ

΢΢üͷ

˵ϳ̫ӵµݣ봫λӵ£̫ӵ֪󡭡֯˶٣ּ˵̫ӵڹоٱ׼λˣ
˵ʲô

һɾȵ˫ۣЩԼġ

ū˵ľʵ˵Ѿҳһˣ֯æֽ͵

һԵĲ꣬ƺҲЩţ

ܿ侲ϸ룬糺˽⣬ϳ̫ӣҲӦòΪǡ

ͻȻ뵽ʲôȻ̧ǰĲ飬ǵ糺ӦѾǱסˣҲ˵ͨˡ

ƺҲǾȡ
㣬Ҫȳȥһˣ˵ֱ꣬תæ˳ȥ

飡ӦʱûӰ

µӦһȥ˻ʹЩżȥ鷿糺ˡ

үһƿţ̧ͷȴ糺֡

߹ȥŻ˵үӦѾ˵з°ɣողֱܳˣ϶Ѿȥˡ

䣬糺Ҳ⣬Ŀ˵ȥɣıǣ鲻ʲôµġ

һ΢΢ЩĿǰȻ糺϶ӦҲͲʲôˡ

侲һ£Ȼٴγʵүȥпʲô𣿡

糺ȴҡҡͷ͵ѾʹˣҲȥϣԼȥɡ
˵꣬糺Ҳĵ˹˵⸱

֪糺תԼעҲûзԼ

ϰһջõɽˮīŨĵطЩʪһǸջûõģϸ˿Ҳûʲôĵط

үȻǺÿġЦ̧޵

ҽ㻭˵糺ִëʣȻ̯һոµİֽ

ȦڻȷʵЩ˸ո£ܿڻϡ

ǵڶģ·Ǳһ㣬˶޾ɵģʵһ

㣡󣬲ֱס΢΢Ŀǻ˵ô㣬Һ

ְ̧οıȻ֪е˭ϣѾյϢ

ռݱ̫糺ͼ췴ϳд󳼽ץ糺ȴѳ˽ѡ

ûµģⲻĴŲο

ҵĴ૵

ȴͻȻоЩʪһ£ֻĬȻĽŲ顣

һ죬ʹ㷢췭ظı仯һʱ侩ǵҲ˵硡

Դӻ󣬱һֱԼķ˯ȻЩۣȴҲЩʲô

ܿ죬бٴδϢ˵ڲ֮ǻ˵̫糺췴˴󲿷Ҳ֧ģһжõĵطչ

ʱ׼ȥﲴͳԵʱȴһգķаֻʣڱڴϵȴټ

æѾʵأ

Ѿ߼û˶ʱҲһæ½͵ū澡ūҲūһֱԺδģ

ʵҲûж⣬ϵȥֻЩİˡ

ȵʱôҲ뵽ٴμôһģ

ŰããһƬĴѩŷ·ʧ˻ǵһһĳ߹ɫɴȹѾ̵ѪƺҲմһЩͷȻɢڼͷǱΪס۾ͷϵĶҲ֪ȥ

ʵһܿ㷢ЩѪǲģӦǱ˽ϵġ

㡣˫ĿĲͻȻЦȴЩʵ˵ҪˣӦúͽ˵һġ

顭ҲĪЩʡ

ȴͷͷҲصת뿪ˣĿǸӰʧڴѩ֮С

Դˣ޲ˡ



һº

ĶڹȥˣҲʼգɫѿҲ֦ͷǾ˺ܾõĳźҲٴλָԭ֡

·ͷʱڻһ֮ǰĹеıʡ

̫糺췴ʧܣзԾˣھٹʺҲ˳ĵǻΪµԶʡ

һСߡ

ſ˵ĺ棬תͷһԵ糺ߵү˵Ҫδ𣿡㵹Ǹ⴬أ

ȴ糺ˣɿ϶ĵͷ

һںɨһȦȷûϹȷʵǿ˵һƬûνһҴֻ



Ҫٴ糺ʱȴ䲻ıһѱ׼һ˰ŷӦ

ү̧ͷŴЦ糺װ΢ŭ˵

䣬糺ȴûгֱĿǰıȥһ̣㿴糺Ȼֱںϡ

ҪһṦĸо𣿿׼ˣ糺ŵͷʵ

ʲôշӦ㷢糺ѾӺϷæסĲ

ү

ôˣ

氦үٿ㰡



Сʵ

뿪󣬱һ·ֱӳ˾ǣ·һƬֵʱȻǰ治Զһ˹

΢΢һ£źĿһۣ׼Ųߵʱ򣬲ȴͻȻԭأҲ֮¶һŵģ

գգۣЩԼĴȴǰϵ糺ѾˣȻ߹ʵҪȥģ

糺⡭ĿĶʶ૳

䣬ȴЦһȻֵϴˣСƽֻһͨˡ

ƽ鿴ظ

˵ͷˡһӦţ˵ﻹδСҪȥģ

ԣƺڻعͻȻЦˣصȥĶУҪú⽭һ

֮һ˶ȤǹﲻСɺãƽ´γʵ

Ӧһð

һЦ

Ǳߵǣ뿪ߵͷŵ˳

ҵүصĴʲôء˵

糺Ҳ˳Ц˵ôʧ𣿡

ȻûСתЦˣʵү̫ӵµ𣿡
أ糺Ҳûֱӻش𣬷ʵ

ȻѾ׹̫糺ȷʵµģɻ󣺡үΪλ̫ӵ£
ԣ糺̧һǱȥıӰŻ˵ϴ˰һֻǻһˡ

˵꣬ͻȻ뵽ϴץȥʱ򣬶ʱ΢΢˵ͻȻĺϲү

糺ЩЦĶҲû˵Щʲô

ү㷢ûСͻȻ˵

糺ɻʲô

̫ӵڽɽѡУڲˣӵȴѡ˽ɽĲ֮ͬɣһһ渵

˵꣬糺ɺǵġšһδӦ

ͻȻ뵽ʲôǰץ糺ʵүүѡ񣿡

˵ţĶ糺

糺ˣƺ˰˵ҲҪɽҲҪˣҡֻҪ

ԣʱߵĵͷҪ˵ʱȴͻȻʶʲô̧ŭĶ糺˵ѵӦ𣿡

ʱˣǸûȥ˵꣬糺ֱת׼뿪

Ķһţĵ׷ȥүҪӱ⡣

ʲô

Ҳ𣿡



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