صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

Ҽ
ߣɼɼǿ
ע
     ŮװϳáﴫԤġӡ齫ͬԧʡ

ҼģδҺü

һȥϷ԰ӣȥ鰸

Ϸ̨ϣһ䡰ζлۡͷһ

תͷɣЦŴȤҲʱ

̧ۿһۼ࣬ҡȴһ仰û˵Ǽȴ˵˸ɽһĻҲӴ˲ҿ

ǽպĳ̡Ϊ˼Ҳ̰죬ȥֳŸڽ

Ϊ˲ҲΪ˱ȫңȥֳţϿȥˡӴˣ֮ϣ֪¿״ԪΪŮɫ

ҹӣٵ⣬ȴԼͬ״Ԫɲ̫Ըƫƫ˻ɵ˴£һ鰸ϰôŲţȫɡ

һŮװĹڳòͬʱջĹ¡ǶϰϷ

ȫļܿգӵܿƾ٣ƾҲ߾Ʒб֤ӭղء

Ԥġӡ

ݽΪСŮ۵ΪԼӦøҹŮһʮǣʮˣʮ¼һӷ޺Ů˫ȫ

ֱʮʱ˱ַ⵽ݲܳĻ֪䣬һжƫ˹켣

ɳۣ·һĨ⣬ս֪ɨ

㶨ûУ

ûС

ȻûףҾָˡ

֪˵꣬Լϵİָݸ

ҲŲҪأ˵Ѱָӻظ֪䣬ϣ泯ĺ黨ǲݡˣˡ

һӣɳ۶ȥ

ȻδЩʲô̫ıһֽţ˽ǵ֤жŶຮ֮أŮȫ̷˾

ݣ͡Ϊ˸ƽϦҹ̫һӭ˾֮ۡڵͬԨһ㡣

ָҪҪ

ں󹬣գлֻΪһһؽӽࡣ

жڣһϮ֪һָͷյ˵ǲҪָôհϣ

󣬼ǰʺڵة˷Ľ밲֪䱻ڳж⣬غһ˽ȥжڣԵÿģĽˣæݸһ顣

ݺҲҡһʱˬ׷޻᳡

ӳҶ÷׺֦ɺ󣬼įʱ

齫ͬԧʡ

ױʫ飬˿״ԪȢˮӣպ㡣ιƽ£񲻿գ

˭֪ȵʮ꣬ո״ԪŷԭиףǹﲻǱˣ־ŷɥҶҹҶ

ҶС游ر߹أϰ䣬ʮŮװɱУӢˬǳ˲ܱȼ硣

ѺȻ뵽Լھͬģ˭ȢȥǴӴûгͷ֮գû뵽ˣȻԼ

ŮСȻ󰮵Ĺ¡齫ͬԧʣΪ˵̴
==================

 1 £׽棩

ҹĻٵʱػֲŸոտʼǻ½½ھǰϸϸ軭üëϿ֬ʺ콿ۣɷǿɰ
ɸŸǫϣ̺콿εεرõ˽۵ϴŽ¸ߵı飬·˭ббһ٣޽ǵ鷢ԽĵĶˡԺ󿴶һۣԹԵȥ޵ָز˲ӣͳ
 ʮƽ仨裬ƮС¥ļԸ־һ˫Ըβȹȥʱ⡣1
ͬеĴӱ̹˳̲סЦ
СǶ˼ǳʮ˭ȥأ˭أ
̺쿴һۣҲû˵ԹԵس֮󣬽õݵԱСѾͷߵ˳ǰ˵ٯհŮˣΪɶܳʮ
̺һڽεεǷƢҲġ
̺죬ǱģĻǫЦ˵Ҫ̸ȥɡоӽ㣬һҲ޷ҪˣͻطЪЪǮˣҲͷ㡣
ǡ̺Ӧ۾ȴɣٯ?
£ӦòˡЦ˵оӣҽɺã
ˡ̺˵꿴ɣҪѣ
ˡ
˳Ŀ̺뿪ɵЦ
̺²ǿС˰ɣ
ɲú˵ǫЦ˵ɻСء̺Ǹˣ겻󣬶黭ֲͨżŪȻöඵһЩĿ˲źá
û뵽Ľͷࡣ˳˵
Сܵϣȥֵط
˵°ɡǫЦſ˿ڣǲƥҪ½·ˮ·ǸһЩ
ʵҲˮ·ֻһ·̫Ѱˡ˳Ц˵ȻǮ࣬½·ء
ҲǡǱˣϰġǫЦŻӦ
¥ţǫǹ˳Լȥͱ̺ߵСѾͷסˡ
ǹҸġСѾͷ˵žͰɵĻžˡ
⣿ӣЩЦá
̺ǸˣҲ˵ơ㻹СʱŪҲԽҲͬ⡣ͶԵҲ޷ŮҲǿԵġǫЦ˵Ҳƻˡ
ǡɹӦ
˵͵ԼԣСÿӣһ߷Ÿ˽ȥ
ǹ˳ϼҽܣǶϲġǫͷ˵
ΪЩظ˵Ÿ׵һ衣
ܵϣΪ˷ʵϣһƬɫġǫ˵ˣʱãܹгһû˹ˣûиܰݼҵ̣ȥ
ǫ˵꣬һڲ衣
ǸʮϾʹҽ¥ԭ򣿡Цʵ
ʶʶûǫ۾ɣǺݣֳˣȻܷʲôʲôǼ⡣
ס
˵͵լ˼˴žüͷ
үִȥֵط˵ţǫϾһ£۵ֱ졣
һֳ߲Ȼ¥ȴһ㶼Ĺ
ɫˡϴϴ˯ɡ˷Ը
ǡǫӦù
үҸ˵˶ٴˣô󡭡
׵߶ԺȥҪϹҹˡ
̤ԺţĸϲѾ֪ӭ
˶ȥɡ˵
֪ڽţǰѵֽ£ţְѹؿڵ⿪
Ҫ˵ŹҲûʲô塣ֲ֪ԣûȵء
˵˵ͷһ£ҪСĲźá
ʲôʱǸͷ֪С˵
Ѿ£ˡ˵֪·ӣۼִǱЩֳ֪ȥûжͷҪǿиɾġ
ȥҲð찡֪˵
ɵִ˴֪ĶͷԶˡ׸ȥѰһСޱ˵ԼġʱٻŮװͶ𡣡
ԭǽ̻Ҳֻϧ˶ϡ١ʮǰ˵һ̥˸޴ãҲοֻϧްһ纮ȥˡǫ޷ֻöƹ񲻺ã͵ˮִСԼ˸С˹ȥ˰ɣɣǸŮޡ
˵Ҳûа취¡ǫӣСͱĸѹֲøϲҲһףʮټһݼҵΪ˲ˣҲֵó²ߡ
νɣȴŮ
лҪ˵1ʮ
ġ
˯ߵĵġ١Ͷһľϵùԡ֮󡷡Ⱥ
١
Թˣ˼ͷ
Ԫʮ꣬ϽȪսʵ۽ʯЯڳӭѻؾߵѪಡ齣˽Դ˼ɼҩʯˡ
һټѹǧꡣ
1920꣬Ϻ硣
ʮ󳡣ƺ̡
һװ߽άҲӳٱֺ߲ĹӰУŲȴֲ˼ĺǸˣغһ
һǧﾩǧ£ʱ䳤ӵĳˢȻǵ㡣
֮
Ľֱˣֻ˯˲ۣ꣬ԼҵܵܵĵˣС㡣
ȵȣ
ˮĽҲȥ׽ǣ˭Ҷ˹Ů
ӭСʪ۾ĽлҲˣôأС㶼еˣܲ
ʰöĽž׼ŹŮҿӸܵܵ·ˡŵܵܲŮ׵谡
̫û¶˼ҳһֻ࣬һߴŹŮҵܵܣһ˼ά˺򡪡̫
ùŮ˵ͻæˣȻ̫·۵ҲˣôʵҲ֣˵Ůʺת
peachûŮ
ĽźأԼҹŮһƾƳˣԽԽϲˣ

 2 £׽棩

ٹ¾ʮꡣ½½أҿʼšЩ˼ҵĹʵʵҲѣֲĸ࿴ֻȥү
үۺӣ˵£òˣͿԾټҰᵽȥԽʱԽҪСĽý˵ڸ飬ǧҪ͸ȥĺۼ
ǡӦ
һգ̵Ĺӳ·Ծơ·˻淼¥ĹȻǽ̺졣
̺ηĩѾ˱ȼסۻɫĶ̰˰ɫıȼףԵЩ˿ûз糾Ůӵζ
ٯٳһ۾ơ̺ɽӹƱһ
ôˣɳ˲͵͵ʵ
ǰչͬҽҪŪ̺˵ţȦͺˡ
˵һȥ취
ٯɶӣ̺˵˲ٯ÷
֣ӵġ
̺⻰۾ؿ
ЩٯҪڲƭҡ
Ƕ˵ʲôĻأ·һߺȻ˵ҲˣȭҲˡ
ҪС巻ĹӸһ߽˿ڣ˵ˣ̺
һߵСѾۻæһƹ̺Ҫ֣ͱסˡ
󣬲ѡ
˵գƱһ
̲סЦ֣ҹӿ㣬ȴǸʹˡ
ΪԾƣû̺֮ɲԼյһ⡣
ؼҵʱѾˣү˶Ѿ˯ˡϴһҲɵ˴ϣһҹΡ
ڶգү鷿˷˱ӣͼ˽
ʱʲô飿
ɵͷӹŮݹĲ裬ͻӻȥˡ
⼸ýŲϣײʤ䷳ҵһԾš˵
˵
նȥԾƣ̺˵վҪŪҲʱ򣬽һ˵ſ˿үɫ΢΢ףּ˵һ˵ҴǱҵ˼ңǵˣӦö̫ǽˡ
أүʵ
õʲôʱȲ˵˵̺Ū˸ˡ˵Щ꣬м˼ǵã
үͷȷʵҲǸӡ
¡
үʵ
֮ǰ˵̺ŪʱЦ˵ҲǽŪڣһ֮ؼȥˡôһɾ˵ˡһЩΪϧ̺죬ҡһЩˣΪҲǸѰ˸ݣЩӽһСҲ˵
ԡү˵̺꣬Ҳ㵲˲顣͵Ե
ԣ¶ϲɫ
лף˽֮ۼʴȣĸܵҲ˵أ
үɵĶͷĵӦ⺢ӵĻɾ̫ˡŮӣܲõĺ뱲ӡ
̺⼸ڻ겻ᣬ֪˵ľǼ١ģ̫ԼԸ˾лˮ£ġ
һգھǰСѾ˵칫ˣæվŪһ֬
һţһæߣ֡
̺쵽ڷ³ˣЩֶΡҲʣֻ˸ݵ
ɽӹһ֮˵Ҹ˵ˣ˼˵СøЩһڼ룬ɡպҲǺ˼ҵĹ
ģ̺ȼˣҪڲƭҡ
Ȼġ˵أЩҪ˵պԹҡ
ʲô飿̺ûж룬ΪԼҡ
ҼҵҲ֪һ֧ǱҵĻ£飬Ҹһֵý˾֪ʱ򣬵֧Ǳ߾ңҲûйҡԣҲˡҪԸ⣬վ
̺㶣һӾ
̫ˡ˵
ɰӵݸ˵ôͿأ
̺ĸмȻַδŪǰչպһ
Ǹˡ̺߿ޱЦֿֿɰ
ɸ˲ᣬЩȵʵ˵ٻ
ôܲأ̺¶һĨ΢ЦϱӡӼúãͰҴ꣬ô׾أ֮աţվ쳤һڵص˳
ߣɼʵȻ̺ҪźһС
̺ҡҡͷ˵һΣҵڶΡ칫ӿ֪ʮǰ˶ӣ
ʮ̺첻ɻشԼּ˵ǸʱҲܸ꣬ɣǩҲôӶԲԣӲ֪ӣ֣һǸŴѰѾͷģһ֣רֵط˵ġǽôӣѲ治֪
ɵͷ˵ǾͲؼҡ˸ŮٸҲҼЩ飬ܻչһ
̺룬ȥߵĹһϻӳ
ЩµһЩ˽ǲ֣ߡ
ǲáɰڰ֣ҸСԺӣģɾ͹˲ˣЩǮŹ
˵˰ﵽףȴãҪ㵽ΪֹȻ̺죬ҲǾⲻɲĵط
̺ϻӣҧһ촽˵칫ӣ̺컹и飬æ
˵ɡɾ޷ǾԼҸӪʱ򣬵ǿ˽򼸸ׯӳԳϢ
Ҹʱиҿһֱչҡ⻭巿ģˣ۾⼸껹Щ꣬ʲôˡ̺˵Ҳ֪طˣʱ¾Ҫͷˡ
ҲЩЦһʲô
ûǩ̺˵ֻҪҸɰҪ߾ͺãһ˼ҡ
û뵽̺壬룬˵ҸͷҿȻֵطչᣬ˲׼
̺˵صͷֵ˵ʲôᣬұȹҪһأ
ԼҲЦˣ̺˵û
ӾǸѧաҲĻơҾӪׯӣɺã
ɵͷ̺˵ȷʵе⻭ѣʵµġ
ȥɶ̺СѾ߷Ը
СѾߵͷЦ˳ȥ
³ںȲ裬칫룬ΪΪ̺Ū顣Цŷ˷ޱߵʻŻζ˹ȥ
칫ӣþòˡ³Ц˹Ϊ̺飿
ҲҲǡ˵̺ŪҲٰɣҪؼҸ׳Ѳųɡҵǿ̺·ϵλҹһˣˡ
̺һֱЦǰֻɺֱû뵽˵۾գһ¡
³̺Щ꣬ϻ˲ӣҪ׬źáֻ֪̺֣ѣĵϻ۾Ҳˣ칫ӣҲһ׮
ӹ³Ըɾѣ˹˵ۡ
СѾߴӦˣ˳ȥ
ƣСѾǶ˵ûʹӣ֪ȥ
ū칫ӡ˸񣬾͹ؾصһߡ
³ȥæɡ˵ס̺֡
³۷һɨλ칫Ϊֺ̺졣ЦŵͷСѾ߾ˡ
˵ܺãʵ
ͷԡȴЩɺôô졣
Ҫ̺˵Ҫ㣬Ըһߣ
⻰͵̧ͷȥȴöɵ۾ǰλӣȴ©˰ġλôúһλһģһ
лҪ˵
Ϊ˳ŮûҿݵʱָʻáΪ֣á

 3 

ϸɣֿ̺죬˵˵Ŀģ
̺ͷ˵ģ칫Ӳƭҵġ
غһһɡ
⻭˿ʮ꣬ʲôûСӣɲ̫š
ЦЦ豭ŷǿյġ̺һ߸æϣ˵£ң칫ӲҪ
ɿ裬ѾʮˣΪûкúñͷѾס۾Ƿƣȴ¶ľ⡣
ްġ˵վλǻңҲһհˡ˼ҲûͣЩ棬׾ͱƭˡ
˽أȻʵ
̺ЦˡߵǰԼϻ˼Ҹǰ
أ
һλ칫ĵġ̺ңǹЩɽţܱҪǿ̫ˡ
Ҹˡ˵հҾ͹
һʱʨӴ󿪿ô죿̺Ȼʵ
ϻҪ٣ɺں˵һǧǧҸܻҪġңͲһһһ
ǵˣ̸鶼ϲȥһأйˣ̸£ȻһЦͻһ룻ôøӣڹǰҲüԣĻǳ͡裬ǹϱײҵ
ң̺Щż
ɼģæ˿ڡ
ģܲ
̺һЦ˴šóȥſڿɵıӰֱʧںҹС
߻ط䣬Ц裬˵裬Ҳΰɣ
̺˸˵û룬һ졣
̺ͷҲЦˡ
꣬õһգڷ廨Ȼ졣̧ͷȥһ۾Сվſڣϸָץſ򣬿Ͱ͵ؿ
֪ǻ˸С
𣿡˫۾ϲˣа¡
Сͷ˵ܸҵԵϰ裬ϰ費öԡǣҺö
߸ոոһȹʮϲٺóԵġС֣˵ЩСġ˵ˣֻԵӡҪǱϰ֪ˣõù
Сͷҿ˿֮ŵ߽
л
˫ֽӹݸһ֣Сس
Եֵ˱
Сֺ֮˼ڲ裬شһãЦ
лλ衣Сϸ
أǻպǶʵܲ˾͹˳ԲãһܻǿԵġ˵ţḧСͷϸָкüˡ
áС۾ģƵġ
̾һ⺢㵥պҲҪ̫ˣӣĲʺ
Դһ֮һ¶ûټǸӣΪ⺢ӷˣҲ߰סˣֻߣѾˡˣϰ飬˭̫ģżһ룬Ҳ͹ȥˡ
һ죬￴ŽЪ۾СվſڣһɺС
Ц˵һ֣Բԣ
СҡҡͷĴɺеݸ˵ʼѧϰ٣˵ѧúãҩࡣ֪ϵˣ϶ᾭָһõϡʡ˺ܾòôࡣ
⺢ӣ֪ͼĺúӡ
֮Ե־ôΪһһ֣͸̺Ե໥Ӧ޸ĵطô
裬칫˵ŮһСԺӡʱһҷúùӡ̺Цǰϲãضزסûˣòã
úúáҲЩˣ޲и̺⻰һ˵뱲Ҳиˣ˹ܱһǿ̫ˡ
š̺Ҳܼ
λ칫ӿ֮ǰ˵Ǹʵ
̺ͷ
ҸյˣһӵĿ˾̺˵ʱСҳţȻһԶ
λ칫ӽˣʵ
̺Цˣ˵Сһꡣպأ³ˡ
ȷʵǸ˵³ˣλ³һӶԲϣ
裬ʲôأ̺ʵ
һתؿ̺죬˵Ű͸巻ӣȻ¾Ρֲ赭Ҳǿ
̺˵Ӧˣ۾ġ
칫һɽң˽ҲСׯˣؾ㣬һñ۸㡣
̺챧裬۾ġû̺Լһһػӡ
裬ڿ뿪̺ЩΡΡۡ
Ĺ뷿ޱȡ̺컷ŷ䣬ǽϹһͼһ䵱һ鰸ĶǱ⡢ͲԼɫ鼮Ƿһ٣Աõá
Ͽǵ񹤾̴ľǸưٸһͳ֮֡޺ģԶԶȥһ㡣
Ŀ֮Ǹ
ŵ˵ķһ˼ҹĹ뷿Ҫ̺һסһֻһֻ˿ȸ
ɻؼ֮󣬸׽үźЦˣ˵տɾҪһϷˡ
ɵͷ˵ǵ˿ˡҴǱߣӦ벻ǻôһ
ǰү˵ҹȥ׸һȥǿԣͲҪٻˡһֱҲɣڵˣұƤӵ¶š
ץץͷҲЦˡ
ףȥΪϵ飿
үͷ˵Դң뿪ꡣͷݴһʱ䣬ϧ֧Ǳ̫ţֻֻ˽ꡣܶѶŲȥǱҲô˼һЩЩһֱذƵһֱߣҲԭ򡣡
ˡ˵ֿүλ裬ô죿
үɣĵ⺢ӻСҪֺȻñֳţʱѾʼڴԼļˡСңӦÿտ廨ˣ
̺³Ҫӻ򵥣ֻ³㡣ү˵˵Ҫ̺ͺáǸŮҲû˼šأҲѿǣɧš
ףл
үƱ˵ȻҾ̺û⣬ǶЩû¶ۼͷΪǰһȥа˷Ǽѻ޴ɾ͸ġ
˫ֽӹ˵лס
̺ҲǸùү˵ûлȥɣٲһҲȥȴкõʱΪѵ㣬ͷҷƢ
ᣬأ˵ԼԺӣҲϢ
صԼķ䡣ȥϵɫƽ޲ؿ𡣰Σ﷭һСС٣Ҳ֪Ǹǲǻʱ䣬úòã
̾һѾˣЩʲô壿ǺӻŰɣվܸ̺뿪طû׼үƻ£ĸ
ʰһ¾˯ˣΰ֮䣬Ȼһһ¾
ݻݣټ϶أյĽų̸ոպãǣλԱ𲻶԰룬ɺϰɣԼЩ굣£̫ľԱˡ
лҪ˵оر⹷ӣҲȥ

 4 

峿ڴϡ˸Ƿ۾֪ǰѡ
㣬ոҪȥԺɷԸСѾ֮СѾǰôӰںǰӡžСѾŵϴ
ǡ֪˵ţùӵݸɡ
ھǰ֪򵥵˸ڡ
һ鷿ʲôҪȥ˵
֪ͷû˵
ȥԺ밲緹Ժ鷿ȥ
ү֮ǰׯͷ˱ϸţһ̡죬ˣ˱ӷ£ӻʾ鷿˶뿪
īһߵģ̧ͷүһۣ˴š
ףЩ⡣
үȥϵ࣬Ц
⻰±ŲҪţǽ⻰Ϊģôܲأүŵ˵
ɵͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ˣүָָȻǻ
ǡᶨȻײ̺ͬŪǶӾˡ
үһۣ鰸ϰŵĴƿȥ
ͿүΪҲ֪ôģҶԲԣ
ɿǸƿЦƿ֪үѧ˼ŶۣǮԻһٵġڿⷿô꣬;
ϲ̺졣ɿʯĵ棬һɾĵؽȥȭͷһµذ壬˵һ۵
үһֵۣ˵ɣһѾߵЦ˻ȥ
ӣ
ԣүһ֣ȥЦ⣬˦Ŷȥ
б¾ͱ
үɵıӰһ̱ϡ
ſŵļҶһ໥˿æȥ˹
廨ʱ䣬ҴҵӾȥ鷿ˣߵүߡ
ɻСүܽ̾ͺˣôˣ
ү˷һۣգգ۾ͰѲ豭˳ȥ
궼ʮ˻СˣʰȥǱߵ⣬㣬Ǹӣһȥҿɲˣ
Щ걻䲻˵Ȼ֪˿ȴԾòСһӾšסүĶ䡣
а㣬ҸҴСǰɣ˺̸֮ԼҺʲô
үȻšŶ䣬ĵ˵ݼ˵ãһ㶼ݵġ
ĸܶ
ˣԼʰȥ
˵꣬Ҳ˦ŶȥֻүԼĶֱЦˣô꣬
ɴͯȥ˻ʱ磬ĹǲŸո𴲣Ծױơ
³ˮ̡˽һֻоЦˡ
СŮãƬ̶벻ء³ЦŰ칫ӽչΪ̺Ū֮£
ɵͷҡҡͷӹСѾߵݹĲ룬ŵϣ³裬ؿǻ
³裬̺
³ˮ̣⻰һǺһڡãŻ
칫ӡ³˲ȳᣬӿڣ̺ûԺ𣿡
Ժʲôɹ֪
³һˮŰѺǹɷľѹȥ
ˣ鲻ȫ³軺˵ʮ˰ɣҲ˵ˡҪ֪̺˭Ҽ
һȢأɣ˵̺ҪӰɡ
̺δŪˡָһﲻͬһǼˣƸ񣬵ѹЩͷױùȥ
ȴһȻ۽ʵϵϻû׬̫ӣϹʵۡ
칫ӣһȰ³ԥһ£׼ɼ
ϻôô࣡ɹͷ˵Ӱɣ£Ͳ𣿡
³費˵ֻһˮ̸̣ˣſ˿ڡ
⻭Ȼù⡣ǵҲ˱ǮѪȲ˵ǻӣ˵ʮģԴöȣһҪӣСһͷСúܡһҪʳعţ°ˡ˰ϣҪʦ黭䡣㾫Ľܵ˹˵۲ǣ
³һϯͷӻ֣˵׶ӣ
³״֪Ǹ̺ѾˣҲûʲô塣ﰵһ£ֿһɣؿǻ
̺ϲĹҪȻҲڡȻҲǵ޹Ůͷ滹Σȫױˡ˼̺ҲҪһߵİɣһǧΣ
ɱǰִ³Ļһ˵ԡҹζ࣬ҾҪ̺ߡ
ʹ죡³ҲЦˣǲ˰̺԰飬ҿɾͲˡ
á
³СѾȥ̺죬Լۿɣֱë
칫ӣҿ˵ˡǮҽǾˡҿɲү⻭˵ҺǮ
ġ˵ұ֤պǸ֣ǻоӣҲĹ
Ǹá³˵꣬СѾ߾ӣ̺˽
⺢á³˵ճ칫ӣδǽ˺ˡ
ȫ̵̺˵Ÿ³˸
⺢С顣գһ䣬һȫŵ³˵ſһۣ˰֪֪治֪ģ
֪³˵Լӳ̺ЦЦ
̺лָ㡣
³迴̺ӣ˼ֲᡣ
ͲҪ̺ˡ֣һǴطģá³˵֪㻹ǲǵãʱ˵Լ֣Ҳ֪ԭʲôǻǵãͽлرɡ
̺ҡҡͷ˵ǲ֣֪˻Ƕ֪ȡֺã֮ǰֺˡ
³ڻ֪꣬ĺǶǺżġҲû˵СѾʰ̺ĶԼһԱӵݸ
ԼǸɡ³˵طҲ
̺֪Ǻ۾񣬼򵥵ʰһ¾ʹ裬ɳ˻ͷͷ˵ô꣬ڳˡ
̺ȥԼ֮ǰðСԺӡ
Ļƺվ͵ˡ˵ҿǴѾڣҪ𣿡
̺쿴裬˵ͻ̺ɣô꣬Ҳϰˡԣذɡ
̺졣һ䣬Ǹ֮֡ⷿҲ֡ʱ򼸸ˣӾˡ
СԺֻĸʹӣųǿԣźĻƣǿ
ʲô˰̺˵СѾ߾ͺˣڣҲòôź򡣡
Ҳ̺⻰е˻ҪʼԼˡ
лҪ˵糿ˡȦʧߵľرģŹְҹĺڼҴһҲ̫ˡ

 5 £׽棩

ɴһԺӣȻһֱûϸƹСԺӣ̺סţҲˡ
ԺﲻûԺӡ˵Ӽǿͷ㹦ҺԺӣӦ㹻ȫͷҰԺ˵㡣
̧̺ͷɣ˵̺εº칫Ӵˡ
˵⻰Ȧͺˡ
ɱ̺죬ôһ˵˼
ʶô꣬Щ飬ҲӦá
⻰̺ͣȴҪպԼΪ檡ȻҲǺ˼ҵĹڷ糾һ⣬޸˼ҿɾˡ˼ҶĳҶҲδǼ¡
л칫ӡ
̺˵úȴòڡ֪̺ˣȴҲûа취ƣֻˡ
Ӿ¥˾ʳ͵Ϊ̺ˡ
̺ȴ뵽ϡ
̺Сʱû谮Ѿˡ̺˵꣬һƣ̺쾴һ
ҲΪԼڻգϵʱ򣬻Ѱùû뵽մ̺Ĺ⻹סţҲǼ
ﾴӦþģ칫𣿡Ц˵
̺žƱһɡĿǣƤ𪣬ͷ
̺л칫ӡ˵֮һͷ˱ľơ
ɼ㣬Ҳ˱ľơ̺æһƬȵɳˣЦſ˿ڡ
պȥ˼ҽ⣬ȥֵطǵҸƵĹ
㲻˵һˡ˵׹ЩҪȥýǻ׺һȥ£ֱžͺáҲѣġ
֪ˡ̺˵ּһӾѼӵǰҲˡȴЩ᲻á
ҲǸŸȥѣֲպ󲻻ˡЦ˵ôˣ
̺ҲԼڷɵ
ˡ
˵֮ȴЦɽȥȥ¾ȻһգÿÿҪġɼ˰ʲôλʲôȫͬġ
պӪʵ³ЩҲˣǺǲţǣǮ򼸸СׯӳԳϢ
ҲáͻҪͷ칫ˡ̺Ц˵ôʹڻֱùڲ֪£³һĨڡ
޷ɺԥӦˣ븣һ˰ˣعŵùС
ʲôŲ̺˵ʮʶ˲壬ҿɲǵȺͿˣ칫ӴΣһġ
ץץͷЩ˼
ڻ£ҲѧЩ̺˵ׯųԳϢƽҸЩӡҲ͹ˡ
ɵͷĵ̺Ȼڻ꣬ȴûմȾǵȺݶ͵ĻƢѵá
áһߣ˵߿ɡ
ȻԱ𲻶ԣλ칫λˡ۽ǵǿ룬λλһģһЦӣҲλ
ţϸؿ˿ʮɣǳʱ򣬰ƿĸĵխ裬ݿ1
ãһ˿Ц⣬ԼǶǡǧǧвɵġڳ˶ֻʶʶȤ
ʵϣֻ֪λȻʺֻһǸϵŮһǲѡĹŮ˸Ӷš
ɸ̺˵ŻתͷͿԼ̲סЦʵ

ԲŻعЦô顣
칫ӽʮˣ
ɲΪ⣬ԾʵʵӦˡ
Ϳˡµ
̺컹һꡣ˵վţȥʰ
֮ʣ̺ˡɴ̹Ȼ̺ȴЩڡڻҲǱţһų˽ûеɵ
ҪӸ̺˵ҪСѾߣǲ㡣
иׯӣ֮ǰׯͷԺӣձ֪/̳ȷŵΣ
װɡ̺˵ׯͷĹܿӣʱūߵˣôˣô죿
̺ׯͷĹ϶Ǵ˼
ġ˵΢ƢܺãлҲ໰÷㡣ңҲǽһʱ䣬ʱ/̳ˣһǵҪȥġ
̺룬˵ҲáǾͶлˡҿһ˵ͷ˵˻Щ˵飬ҿǲġ
Ȼԡ˵վʱˣҸûȥˡʰòҲЩϢЩӣӦùˣ飬ǲȥҡ
̺ͷһֱ͵ſڡ
·СġЩӻˣǵҡ
һġ
˵귭̺ЦЦͷɳ۶ȥ
̺ſڣֱıӰʧת˻ȥ
迴Ц˵ҽϸ칫ӣҲǰ䣬ֻ֪칫ǱߣǸʲô뷨
̺ա˻ӣ˵Ĺ֮󣬻˼ҵĶҡأӦҲ⡣ǸˣҲ޲ú˼ҡأȲЩׯˣҲϡǮ˵Ӳ
Ҳ⻰е
Ҿȥתתļ巻ҪǮΣ¡
л衣̺˵㣬Ҳóţֻֻͷˡ
ôͷأ谮̺ͷû㣬ôܹȺӡ
̺ҧһ´ԥԥ˵赱治ȥҼˣﻹЩǮȥʹ˴ЩϢġ
ҡҡͷ˵ͷ˼ѣӵɢɢⶼʮˣҼǿӣǻţҲȢˡҹȥʲôأŷֻͷӶҶӺһЩҲ㹻ˡи˵Եҵģˡ׹ŮҲġ
̺Լҵʧˣ˵Ǹж
ģ̺춨ú÷ġ
Ҳġ˵֮ǰͷ˼ŮʱҲѧ˲ٹܼҵ顣Щ£㡣
̺ЦӦˣڻѧĶʵûõġ黭ʫʸ踳ȡүǵѧŹܼұȽʵá
лҪ˵1ഺڵĹݵĻܿġ

 6 

ɻؼҵʱɫѾˡүݸ˵ˣɫһ壬˶ȥ
ˣү㻹֪
Ȼ࣬Цǲزסġ֪ϷϾҵԺӣûôܡ
һ£ͿˡѰ˼ңʱӦöȥ׾ȼ
ү˽ӵ˿ڣС嶯ҲûؼСӼҼҵģһЩǹҲǻƲǣ
ߣĸܶүһ˦ֿɣԺӣʵʡûʲô飬ţЩȥ̸⣬һִ
ǡ˵̧꣬ͷÿүһ£̲סЦˡŵգգ۾ת׼ԼԺӡ
ү˵ԼԺӺú÷ʡҪȥĶ֪ʰˡ
ǡɹӦˡ
үһ£ֿ˿ڡ
⼸ոʵţȥ
ɹӦˡ
үŻӻ֣ȥˡ
䣬˰Ů򷢵䣬ȥĹͳһ̴ľĺӡ̾˿򿪺ӡ
ŵĲʲô鱦һõĳС˳ԭһСС١ȻѾϾɣǹ⻪ڣһǺ
үȥʱȥɡ˵ԺӲȣǱ֧Ǳ֪ˣǻǳġ
үͷӷӹ٣ƴӾϻػпǾǾӪģֵĶһ۾֪ǺүҲǳ͢ٲõá
ҪүȻ˿ڡ
˵ͷ˵Ǹ߰ɡһԼ֪ʲô˼ӦвѵĿԣҪȻôɰĺӣô˵ҪͲҪأ
𣿡үʵ
Σĵ̾һ⺢С⡣ֳûˣȲŮװ㻹ǵ˵ʲô𣿡
ôǵáүҲЩˣ⺢Ӻոߣʶ˵áǸжٹܸ꣬һ¥
˿˿٣ְŻغ
⺢СҾףô꣬ҲûʲôŵǴڱһӣٸָŮѰ˼Ҽ޳ȥ
ô֪ࣿүѷСô꣬˸Ҳ˲ٿͷ˽յĸǷࡣ
⺢⣬ܾû֪ĺáϾǴﱧĺӡӦβ˿Լǰˡ
үۺӣһ£ֿ˿ڡ
ǣһЩ֪أ
Ҳһ㶣̧ͷү
ҪͲ
ԥ
ġү˵⺢֪أ鵽ܲʱȻֵġ˵ҲԣѰԼպĻ»һ¥Ͼʽ΢Ѱ̫õ˼ҡ˼ҵĺӣҾö䲻
˷ĻŸ
һ£ЩӾ͸Ϊɶ飬ӣۼҶʼ׼ļˡ
˵ۼ棬ǿڿͱϷѹ˵֧Ǳߵĺˡү˵̾˿ϣһ˳
ڼҴ˼վ͸ŵȥպҪˣֻ˼Ůõˣˣڽ꣬ŵȹЩӻá
Щõ֣ԸȥľʹߣԸģ͸ӷǵūҲǻˡ
һ˵ֱүðԺӡмӵˣʰסˡ
ɸүæ˺üգ¥Ҳȥ˲٣ÿĻǵֱ֪ЦڼҲ͵ŴŮװûһŮӵӢװװ׾ģȷʵСϲ
үĺѷعŹвһȥݷ÷ңܴܲзֵһǱߵԷһָ֧յԼ
Ա˲ĳУүˣæ鷿
໥֮󣬷ؾͰϵĳеݸү
ǹһֱõĸұǰЩ˿㿴
үֽӹϸơҲ˼ۡĵȻǺϸ壬ɫѤ
үȴͻһ£©һġ⸡Ҳһ飬Ȼɫͬʵظһģһ
ǹĶү˵ǻ
صͷ˵ȻĶ϶ǺõġѰ˼ңҪ˵ˣټ
үַȥؿ˿һԴǣֿ˿ڡ
ǣ˹Ҳة̫żõʹͰɣٺð
⻰˵ˡҡҡͷֽнúܣһ̨֯תһҲų硣ȹӣü켸ҹ˹ˣҲҵŮܴ𡣡
Ȼ󡣡ү˵ҿ
ŮҲǴģ˿ɭϣӹӸӿ̫ˡңʣҲ١
֪үΪĹϵС΢ˡЦŽӹУ˵֪ӣ֮ô꽻飬Ҳ˵ġӽ£һЩѣǰ̣ǿԡ
үͷ˵ôЩ꣬ҼҵҲǮ֮Ҳ˵ˣǶԱȼ˵ҲûôҪˡ
⻰ЦŽӻֽ˹ĲճЩڲҪת֣תˡ
үȻ֪ɵܲž޴ܣܻ鷳ڵߣױȽһЩҾǽӣЩȥطھӪƣתҲ
үһ£ͽ
лϵܡ
үŷ˸񣬻÷ظæ
ʹʹá˵ţүļϡ
һţӸ˳ŷʽҾ
ɶл塣
ؼüĿ㣬ȻЩȴᶨ˶£ϲ
֣ͳӣҲպ󲻷
үǫӣýǰЩڽһ£Űߣ
ү֪ϢͨŵģڽܿҪҪͲźáܲΪǸ̰ɫ
Сô£г嶯ҪളλѧġЦŽӻôˣܴʲô
Ҳ֪ҴǺ޲ðҼҲҵΪСҲˣǱŸýΪ⺢ȢǱ׽ϱһȥҲǱߵġ⺢ӵãΪ˻ؾýˣȥѾµûýˣҿ⼸궼ûˣ
ү˵꣬صһ¡
ȷʵһЦ̧ۿɣĵȤ                        
лҪ˵֪Σ»طֽ⡣
ഺڵСŮֻҪָߣʱѷֱŮ߾ķСǸͷÿγһ𣬶ΪƱ

 7 

үϷվǼ¡ɺץץͷڷȴÿɰ
ɵͷһĵԼСŮ겻ʮһ꣬ǹչǿԼ޹ȥʱԼЯ֮ȻЮ󱨣ԼҹŮչӲ㡣
ôţؿɸӿɰ
ôºõģ׳嶯ˡЦ˵⼸ûýΣǼպҪĹȽҪã
ϵ⻰˵еүЦ˵
ӽ£ȽڣһҶסţ︻˼ֶֻ࣬Ҫã⻹Ǻúܡ˵ˣն۾úܣ
ϲɣ̲סЯ䡣
ҸĲ⵽׹˲ô࣬λͬи㣬ڽݶӣкöǱһҲǿԵġ
үضĽ飬һھѾʲô˼ˣﲻɵЩϧǸжԸҹճһԡ
תһ룬СӸһ˳ͿԴñһʱظŮҲһźס
ȴûô࣬ΪүĻźѶ㼸䡣
лүָ㡣Цŷ˸
ؼ£ĸϲŹЩӾԼǲԼŮһơ
үһֱǸӣүҲ󷽣ǰһƥ귽үѵʱ򣬶үףѩ̿ѣݶ飬һֱš
ӿ˵ȹ
⻰үⲻȥû֮ǰ飬ӻ²ҪԼѰɡ
䣬үˣǸó˶һȣȻһĶӡ
ʲô˵ôͷСأ
үһ˵ҸϵһЩҵĺӰɡĸݲ£Ųòˡ
룬Ҳе˵ûǻӸϷǿģ⹬ôϣô͸޳è̫ӣǿϰһְˡˣǻʼڹǱլҪɢ
һҲǼҡҲġ˵ʣµľǼҡϼҲлҡϧǽӴȻƳҲá
һһɡү˵⺢˵øȹʱ۾ˣƽ˼ҵĹʱӦôԼĺλؽ꣬㻹£͸һ£ܴﱧһǴǱͷ£ûʲôӦ˭ע⣡ʱٰɶϢɢȥҲͿԻָŮˡ
ү˰ͷүļϣôֻ꣬һӣ׻ҿǷ㡣
˵ʲôأүķ˵֣ЩҳԿ۵£ҿǷŶԡôǸԵǾŮԵЩ㿴Т˳һǺúţҲһ
˵ͷȴֹסүֽţæӸŲţԽԽһҹҪһˮ
үתԼºġ򲻸ˣüס£æؼ׼ؽ꣬ȴˡ
˵ʱˮô£ʼӦ
˵ţһˮݸˡЩƣθﻹһһطᣬ糿ǰѳԵĶȫˡ
ʱ԰ˡǻŵòУҪ˵ʲôУɼվͺˡ˵üͷˮôһɹζߡ
˵֮һŻ
ɽӹ֮Լһڣ˵ûаû𡣡
ʱү˽ŮǸæܿΪѳǲˣؼɻ䡣
뷢԰ףһɷǵӡһţĵλҽΣžǺܿס
ϸغֿ˿˵̦˵оͲҪֲˡҪ˵ҩҲóԣվͺˡٹһ£̥£Ӧþûʲôˡ
⻰һ㶣ʮ֮ʮ궼δٿûãȺϢô˲ȡ
ǰɣԼЩţȻСӲ׼Ҷˣôأ
ϷȻʲôҽ֣ϲﲻԣǸã˸ˡ
ҽ궼ʮˣ̲ס˵
ΣЦſ˿ڣ˱ãһҲ
һţһۣ˿ڡ
УҼҷ˸ûãˡǰڼҵʱ򣬿һֱûж
һ£ϸظתͷһɵֵү
ͷүҲ
үҲֹȥ
ϸã˿ү˵ӦǱˡ
ʲô˼үЩס
Ҿֱ˵ˡλǷصĹʽүҲ棬˵ȻҲһЩ
Ҽǰҽ֪Щ˵ֶΡϢ鸡ЩԼǱ˼˵ҩ˵ҩӰá
үһ˸
лС
ЦЦ˵ҩѾ¸ʮˡʲôøҸ˵ֻҪٽӴӰ졣ҩȻԵǲ־áҪ˵⺦˵ҲǸɫڰʹǿԣ˻ǲҪؽĺá
һһүӦˣԼҷ̥ŮôͷǸŮޣЩ껹һ
ү˷ϵ͵ݸС
ҲƴǣЦžʹ
պʲô飬ǲšڼҲ
պٲͷү˵ְ꣬Իҽ±ݸУ֮ǰڽԻģڼҲǸ衣
ϣǸöóҾͲҪˡнӹ֮Ц۾гһ졣
Ŷšүæ˵
˵˼仰˴š֮ת߻ȥ
ڴţһ
׿ʲô˵ҪܵܣǺ¡ҵ£϶Ҵ󷿸Ĺ֪ˣиǾТѹҲ˵ǣ
ĨĨҲЦˣҹΣһաԭ飬˰ҡ
չסɰһ̥ʲô飬Ǻÿ
лҪ˵ղأôôգ
֮߾ҪȥΣÿ춼Ҫܡ

 8 

ɵ˱ˮԼȻںؿˡ
⺢ӣ˺˿ˮֵܶ࣬һƣҿʲôأ
ϣܵܡЦ˵
ɣǾġ
˵ЦԼĶӣɵ֡ĵԵ˶һĸҲûκ
ү֮󣬴ˣſ˿ڡ
ǲؽˡүЩͳҲȥѾԸӣȥŵģ붼ơ
үúܵҲͬǧû뵽ǾȻʹ
Ҳˡү˵һжмѭɶǵ굽ݲе𣿡
ȥ͹ȥˡǲǺ𣿡˸æοԼҷ£ۼҾС޵Ŀˡ
ǡЦ˵СʱĽ˼еܵñɾ͵óԸˡ˵ˣһȽҡ
Цָһ˵СʱǸħǣͿ޸ͣºˣ㳢ζˣ
ЦͷСʱȷʵܰޡ
䣬˸үһ˵Խ˵Խˡ
ǸŮҲ˵ֻҪǱ߲ǣǵóԸ
үͷ˵һϣǸޣҲ㻻Ůװ
ү⻰˵öԡ˺ͬտԽ㻻Ůװĺãĸѧģһûѧѧһ⾭ʲô壿˭һϱӣ
Ҫ˵ǿϧˡү˵˾֮ʦٽһ˵״Ԫ̽״ȵġӣ̻ˡ޽һ߹ٻ˼ңҲѡûһĺѧʡ
үŬŬЦŴүЩӽʣҲ̽Ϣһһ̻Ҳаѹ޽ٻ˼ҵġ
ŮݣֻЩ˼￴үŮҲ۵Űõǰ
һӣүһۡ
үͲˡһһĴ٣Ҳʲϡڼ˼ңǮԶǡŮҼ֮ҪӲȨǮļױСܵڣԿ䣬һĳϢ͹ͨ˼ȫһĽˣ⻹Ӹׯء
˵үֵ˵Լҷ˵ıӣҾͺŬ޵úáأͺú̥Ϲˡ
һɨյЦ˵õĻԽ˵Խÿġ
һգҲڵ˸ա棬峿ϴ֮ʹīȥй䡣ò˵ӽ£֯ƽţ͸Сɢˡ
ɼѰˣҲţԼҲŻȥɵԼû֪ﲻСˣ˿Ѱ
ȹ˼鱦ӣѡЩΣȥ˼իԻһЩ±رʱøЩգ̧ͷգѾˡիһƣϸʵ
λС磬ĸ¥ã
ĿЦſ˿ڡ
λǴİɣľ¥Ҫ˵óԣ϶¥ֺšǳԲߣȥ¥Ľˣζ
лЦһӵݸƣ¥ôߣ
ƽӹӣЦ۾ˡ
лλ͡Ҹ˵¥رűߣ·ܿˡٸ˵¥Ľӣġ
ˡ˵תͳšȻĽˣζȴﲻһϲģˡ
ի˼·ͱһӭͷײһ¡
·ô۾Щˡ⣬ֽӴ
·Ҳֱǰߡ
ɹ⣬£תͷһۣͼǰߡû߼·ͱһĹסˡ
Ǯӻ𣡡
ǹ࣬ݺȡ
ɲʶ䣬ŷӲˡ
ղ˾Ǹ͵ţҸ׷
С˵ˣ۷һɨ߸˲ϸһ˿΢Ц׼ĸ˼ҵĹ￴ԣ֣С书ԡ
һСЦ˻Ӹɣ˵ллң
ɹֶλ˸Ҿ˵ĳлȡ
ؿС˵ͿЦüģÿ
㲻˰ɣСʵ񡣡
ɵͷ˵ҼǽˣŸ̸Щ⡣
Сͷ˵ţ£зɷɡסȸֱϡ
ĳ¹˵Ҽˮ˴ҵ
лȥ棡¹˵˵ҼҹܵϣҸ˵һ죬ߡ
ǸáҲЦĳյز죬պҪ¹¹ɲԹ۰
Сĵÿģָָߣ˵ȥҸҡ¹ͻӴġ
˵꣬Ӹһ塣

¹վһˣʱ۾
ɽӹ壬ֶ֮Ǹʹ˸ɫ˼ԼǺС￪ģŲƤšǸŷ
ڣ¹˵꣬ʹˡ
ɿ壬ϸؿ˿ĵԼȻµû£Ӧˡ
ˣǹա
Ȼû⣬ǹȻ̰ͨ֯ȹɿóǶǧ
ĸϡة࣬ûһµģҲûСǵʵۣˡǿ壬ҲһǺһλ겻ʮ꣬Ӧþǻʺճļ
̲סЦˣԼ⸱Ƥܻ࣬ˡ
Զ¹һһ߿Ž־ߵһ̲ס߶߶
γƽ޹ʰʲôƼˮģôŵù
Сͷ룬˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôͷһۿλӾ;УʶǾʶһ㡣
λһ˵úΪϲɫֻṆ̀û˵òϣλɣȷʵ㡣
¹˵ģϼҵţҹӻᴦġ
˵⻰ãһ˵⻰λ־ͷתͷߵİԸ˼䡣
ʲôСʵ
ЩΣ˵ȥ˵һҪȻͷָòˡ
Сһ
ңǲˣҾ
һ̾˿Щͬ鼾ӡ˵÷ƴŪ÷أÿǰᰤᡣλȻ츳ȴ˵ϰ䣬Ϸá
СȸתһȦ̫ķȥȻϣǵĴ쳡                        
лҪ˵ڼ˽٣оˬ

 9 

·ɷɣŶӦСﻹʵƿҿ
һߵĹŮ̲ס˿ڣȥָ˵ˡ
ʲôЦ˵һ㣬µġ
һߣһݸ
쳽ӹЦһڣÿҵĴš
ͣһĲóȥ뱭üʱȫ˵ϡ
к£ʵ
һתЦƿӡ
ҸղźȲ費Сˮˣ涼ʪˣǰǼȥˡ
ǹΨһĹǻʺƽսݵúܡΣ˼ҵĴš
СӼ鷿飬żˣɵüͷ˶Ϊ÷С޲£ֻϤ˲ˣǰֲϣ
࣬ʲôأ
˵Ц˽鷿ڵŮͯæǰ
£üģУôװˣ
װˡ˵ϣֶ˶µи磬չ˵飬Ҹղڽϰһ׷˱С͵ǮӣУһǳ嶯Ͱպǵðһѡ
һžͷۡԴϻ֮ų塣ӵ½Ӵ٣һЩ飬÷ֱ档ǰЩװţӢ۾ٹ˼ҵš
ҪǻʵǰүкҪԼҸ᲻ɡգȻǳôһ׮
쳣԰С飬ϷҸŮҲͰˣտɵãֵϷҸˣ
˵˵˵˼һ£˵һûмúϤ𣿡
ζؿץץ°͡
ɷǺǶˣ
Сзɷɡ
ǡһۿǸ˾;úУ·Ƶġ
ѵһŪüЩ֪롣
ǳˣ̽ʵҲļҳԶݡ
ҡҡͷ˵ʹˣǽСסңûп˭
ôˣһѪԵȴġ˵ŰѲӵݸģҪҪԣ
ӹһŷŽҵĲôС͹Ĺĵģǿɰ
һʱ쳵ͷһ¡
ˣԶ³
Ҳʾ˼һ¡
Ĺĸ쳵ĸҲǱáദûй˼ɡ
㵹Ƕ˷Сͷˡ
౻⻰Цˡ쳣˵ٲ˷ͳƽǵĻҵͱ״۹ˡԼ£Ҫŵͷϡ
ЦЦһ⡣
ҪμӴˣаգ
Ȼ־ǰҪϵ˼Ƕܲġ
Դ󣡡쳷˸ۣҸˣҸ˵Ļ㶼ţλ칫ҵ㣬ɲѡ
֪ˡ˿λ̣Ҫعˡ
ȴŽλӣôþôأѲɣ
ɸջصңүʹȥ
˵һѾ͹ȥ
֪һ·
֪ʲô𣿡
ʵ
˵Ǳߴˡ֪˵
üͷʱ򣬴˹׼û¡
ˣ
ֻ֪͸ߣ̫֪˵ţɴá
ûУʵ
ûС֪ҡҡͷүڷ˲ˣû͸Ժ
֪ˡ˵֪꣬·첽ȥԺ
׽տˡһž͸æ˵
γԣ  үЩ⡣
ү֣ż˿ڡ
ڻʲô˴͸Σ£ҪǱ߻أ
⻰Ϊ˼ǲܡ
ײǹҰˡ˵λ͸°
ںԺӵ᷿ˡү˵ȥĶҸ׵ĸ˵©ġ
ɵͷ˵վ׼ǰɡӿڹ޷Ǿǹؽլ
үһ˵еͷˡ
㲻Ҫţ̼ڼס˵Һ׮ҪҪ̸ϲܻ
׷ġ˵ҶỤ׵ġ
Ҵ󷿵͸ںԺ᷿סţһ׼˿˵졣˭μһףЩͻúܣյʹ죬Ҳ˵ö࣬ϸһһõĶûС
̫լϺһף̫үȶ˾ƣҲͲǫӡŸˣȴû뵽ǸĲϣŶ꣬ͱԼһĻҪ
Ϊ̫ˣ̫ļӶЩ̫⣬Щף̫үȥ֮⣬һղһա
ǣ̫˾ͰԽϡ
ܽТǫԼĸҲǹҲóԣֻϧĶǲ֪ġ̫ǫãٰԼ̸⣬ֻص˴ô
ֳһ׮̫֮˺ǰһʱ䡣֪ƴԼҲҪýš֪ǫȥֶ֮Ӵ̽ŷǫߵǸˣڽꡣ
ǫ߾һӣô֣һǿɾˡ
ԣȥޱձǫһҹʱؽꡣ
Ҳ֪ҪһԲġ˵ǶλҲˡҼү㷱æӰﻹʱؽꡣ
⻰˵ˡλ͸˵̼꣬ҲҪЪеģ
Цҡҡͷ˵˵ǽ꣬ļ̶ҪŵϦġңתʹҪѡļҹﲻѴɶǰ׻ӣ߿
ǶλǸ̫߼ʶ㣬ûгԶţ˽˵ģģλҲ
үæߵ飬ǹżү߲Ҳ߲𣿡ּ˵
˵ЦˡĹֲһүǳŽʣҲҪʵġеʱͷһأЦŰĻ˻ȥ
ǷЩӿΪСӲ˲ģǿ˺ܶ˼ҵĹأȥۡģɲ׷
˵⻰ˡ˵ſһɣλλ֪ǰյǳġҼүһλʽŰԼĹŮô˵ϣҶ˵ڣĿۡ
ɸ̺鵽ڶ˽ֵ͸һۣ˱˴ε񡣿˼Ҫʧˡ


 10 

˴󷿵͸ȻҲȥٺöǶӣͱһ
䣬ù֮үˣɣ˵֮ǰ˵Ϊңأ˵ֱӣμӿƾ鶼˵ˡ
ǰգҴ󷿵͸ТѹɣؽլһʱļҪμӴǵĻѿڶһֱ۾
ץץͷЦ˵󷿵͸Ѿˣȥȥƿֲ֪
֣үһۣҵ̹ʲôûв͸ǽ˵ʲôʲôܻ֪ġһԣҪóɰǧԲǲȥƿ֪ˣô˵ˣλôܻᱻƳġ
գգۣתͷˡ
׿ɲ㡣˵ŮװǸȨ֮ƣ޾㻻˴󷿵ĵڲһ֪ŮȻҪ˵ȥƾ١
ʵ˵Ҫȥƾ٣ҲһʱͷԷȡ֮ǰӶ飬ǰҲһŮةࡣһһ˵
ү֪һ⣬Ȼô˵϶Ŀ
ôģ
׶ǵܵܣɣٵ߰ꡣʱ䣬ۼҸԴǸãǾ͸þˡ˵һϢסģʱ󷿻ôĥءȥƿһУʦӦþȥԺط꣬Ҳٺ
үźû˵Т£λǲҪȥһ棬һûУԹԵؼһؽĥܻһְٰ׳˺˵
Уһ߸æ˵Ͼʮˣٹһ꣬ҲͳˡһѾܵòˣȥƿǱˣ۾ĴΪģôã
׷ġЦŰοҲ˵ŮܲܵУ˵ŮģʮʮһϳŮġ
ɲ˵⻰ãһ˵⻰ˡ
˵˼ң˵һССʱ˭ҲϸǼҵãøͷ¶档
һޣүɶˣһһݲ豭
ײ˰˵ţظײᣬٿ޿ɾͲˡ
˸պһ㣬ԼҹŮСүһ˵ֶһһ׵ģøˡǸεεĵ˷ŵСôô
סΪԼ˵ʲôˣæѲ豭үӹȵˮ˵
˵ʲôֲ˲ᣬڶǰǲҹŮˡ
˿ſţֵүһۣһ¡
㣡
ôˣүԼԩ
һЦߡ
סƽնѹɤ˵λԭѧƽռĹǵתǧأһ㡣
еҵӡ
ɼԼײˣ֯Կ˿ڡ
ף밡Ҳ޷޵ġȥɻ˵һľڽãⲻ˸˰պ󲻵øܵذ
Ҳ˵ҹŮۣ
ס룬ֻһ˵ŮպҪָݳ޵Ķ԰ɣʱݾšȻˣֳǸ֣ܱǸҪǿɣǸʱŮжʮˣһٺԺһäƼҪǿ
պҪ޸ˣ⻰΢ɿڡԣ׼׵һһ׼
⵹ǣиֳֵҲ֤ۼҲֻǸˡ˵ֵ֮үһۣ㲻
үһߣίͰ͵ؿˣô鶼ҪԼƣ
ͬˣЦ˵վ͸ʦȥţ˼ҽܸԺ
ȥԺ˵ԺǺüһӵģɡ
УǾʦҽܸʦ
˵ͷ
⻹ࡣ
ʵЩŮװʶѾͬڹŮðԼںԺķĺû˼Ѵȥ֤һԼͷأֻҪڳ͢ıһְλҲǶԼһֿ϶
ڴϣҪ˯ѣȻۡؾ˯ѵүҲŪˡ
ˣǰỺһ㡣ү˵
ûŴӣ˵ȥʿ᲻ļˣ
⡭үһʱҲ˵ʲôӦòɡ
˵׼̾˿Ȼ֮ӾͲˡ
˯ɡү˵ڼң̫Щߣҿǿȱ˼ҵ޲Ҫ˵ȥһЩϴڼ̫ίˡ
̾˿Һƽ̹С˵ϣǸޣҵ
ġүŷһ£ҵü󣬵ȵ޵ʱ򣬾Բίġ
ʱҲʮˡ˵үһۣ⣬ҲЩЩĺӣʵڲоͰȶȻֳδ飬òȳһϡ
ġѾüҺˡү˵˯ɣ㾫ͷͲ㣬ֲָˡ
á˵ֿү˵ʲôʱ
үһ˵ɣܵùꡣ
Ҳԡ˵˸Ƿ
˯ɣ۵װ࣬Ҫ˵Ҳˡ
ҲʱЩ۾ЩɻشϣүϸذѱӸҴãһͳ˯˹ȥ
ڼҴ˼գͽӵʦšүӽӵϲĵӵţһĿʮеؿ֪꣬ҪʿˣǸˡ
æԼֿдţӡλֿѣǱˣһҵ̫үï
ïѸߣѾˡ£ռù۵ĺӵӣȨƶˡ˿ɣһʱ棬׼ʺþ£ʲãƼƼԺȥ
һմѣȥҡȻѾǶգãԣɹůġ
ȸ߹·֮ǰĹ̲סЦˡȻֻһ֮ԵȴУ·Ƶģؼöûǿ壬ɻײĺ
ʱӭ߹һɣͣ˼šתͷһۣǸҲ
˭ơ
лҪ˵ĻΪ˱ģ¡Ůڼˣ

 11 

ɷŰÿҵĴšŷ𣬼ҹӣæЦӭ˽
һӵݸ˵ͷС˴·
лҲƴǣЦŽӹ롣
̫үŪˮɣˣЦŷ¼ӣŮ
ɼ̫ү
˵ţ˸
̫үï׿ˣüĿ㣬ѾøУּ峺Ŀᶨϲ
˵ʮоˣïʵᣬʵףôʱûſ
ʵҸӣǱ߱Ƶýʵ׼ƿڸף˼ҷһ˵
ôȻ뿼ˣïʵ괺ǣ¶ѣü𣿡
ץץͷЦſ˿ڡ
ⲻǴ󷿵˶Ƶô٣ü˰ȡȻֻ£ӦһԲС
Ժأïʵ
Ժܺеؽˡ˵ţؼҲͦõģԶһЩ
ïͷĵ⺢ӱδˡϳɾһһ׼
дƪơï˵Һ֮ۡ1
ǡɹӦ
ï鷿ֻܴɨһۣ͹鰸ǰԼīֽûһ˿һؽšïһ߿ţԥһ£ԼͯＸ䡣
һĹѾдˡϸؿ˿صݸ̫ү
ïɨһۣɵּ⣬׼Ĺݸ壬ǹһǻʱ
ԡï˵ԺÿչһΣô
л̫ү¶ϲɫæ
ƺһģïź˵
¸ӿģ˸
ɼʦ
úúáïЦŷӣϲ
ʱ̫˴߽ɣһ㶣֮Цſ˿ڡ
үпͰ
Ϸģãӡï˵꿴ɣʦ
̫ѳȴҲܿʱǸˣӺݻȸ˵á
ɹ֮󣬾ʹͷ
⺢ӳÿ濡Ρ̫˼˵ˣ
ʦϾʮˡɴ
̫˵ͷּʵɸˣ
ûء
̫ϸ˵õĺӣôûأ
ïһߺȻܲ˵Ķãϲý
ʦ˵ιƽ¡ΪӦûҵɼҡ
ïһ⻰ֱ֡
˵ʵ
֪Ϣͨŵģڸʦ֮ǰȥдһȻԭдï
ǡ
ץץͷֽһ顣
̫ϲӣ˵ȤÿġЦɵ֡
⺢˼ǱĲ˵ùеǣģ˽ʿ£Ͱˡ
⻰Ǳˣ֪ҷý±ضǰһĺãֻϧ⣬⻰ûʲô˼
ǣֻ¶һ˿ϲɫЦָ̫˸
ү㿴źӣҿϲ̫˺Цï˵
ïһ߿ţֻɳ費ѵá
ɣ̫϶豭һڣ˵⺢治Ǽһлҵˣ
үͷ˵ǣҲźǰɣ
̫˵ͷָһ¶ߡ
λֱһģһ۽ǵǿ룬ֺҿȣʵ˼ĺӡ
Ҳô˵ġïó˷ţΪ⺢ӵĳ࣬ƫһЩҲˣȥҲûʲôΡ
ҿǾ̫Сˡ̫˵λʱһճزˣǸŮޡⶼˣô羪֮һ㡣
̫ү̾˿ҴСĺӣ䲻СӣﰡҲ֪ҲΪ˾ӽꡣէһôܲľǰֵǰ²ֹ顣̫ʦһ
㻹⺢ӣ̫˰Լҷһۡ
⺢ף⸱࣬˹ٳռˡïۺ˵ҿĲۣ֮һҹŶײ࣬ʱǿԽ£ͦʺ⺢ӡ
㻹˼ʲô̫˵վȥ¶ˣСһѧĸСأ˼ͱһʲô˲õĴأ
Ҳȥï˵Ҳվһ𡣡
ܽԺȴû뵽̫үѾŰŵˡ


 12 £׽棩

صңһֱŸղڽǸˣ죬·Ƶġ鰸һһµţԼˣȴʼû
ʱүߵС߹˵үŻعһȥ
үڼ˽ָָ׵λã˵ɡ
ĵԼЩҲûȥǻүʲô飿
һ飬ɷҲӣֱӾˡ
һ£æҡҡͷ˵Ӳ롣
ҿϵáһڲ裬Щ˵
ӸǴСһˡæ͵˵ǵã˵ֵܸΪʡңţԶҲûŮ֮顣
ĵ⻰˵ˣǹϲԼҶӣʵ۽ո˵Ļͻһˡ
׼Σ
û뵽ôͻһ⣬ȵ̧ͷ˿˵˵ʮþȣǶû⡣
Ӧþ̽ˡ˵˵㲻ǴѾһˣʵ۾ѡˣҲʱ̽λøˡ
ȻһЦ˵ò̽Ҳõġ
ԼСӵĺò˫һۣôôǷأӻ֣˵ø꣬úϰβǡȥɡ
ץץͷүôȻôһ֮ͻԼԺӡ
ʵԭҲܼ򵥡ʵ۸ʺ󶼾Լҹˣ˵ˡ˵ʵ۵Ůޣʵ⻰Ǵģʵ۵Ůûʵ۷أ
ʼ˫ȴѵˡĸĸŮõģʼҲ⡣˰ֻۣһŸġʵһ̰ͼùŮί
ʵѾƺ˼࣬˭֪ǰջʺл̸ģȻ쳸ԼŮ֮顣ɷѣΪǹ÷û뵽ԼҹŮϲҪǣдѵ˿ѡ
³ˣɵ˴ͷԸ׼档߸ճ棬ֱݹһࡣ
ףȲˡɶ뿴˵
úȡѵðָ
û취ԹԵҺСҪȻԼŵġ
һߣԼҹŮͷ
Ϊֳվļˡ˵˵ţЩ˸С
ס˵䣬Ů㲻Ҳͦã£мŮľԲԣ
˼鲻α΢˿ίɡ
׻˵˾ꡣһתۣ͵˳Ϧ
ĳϦҹ֣յʱʹ洫ɶŮˣԼ̾˳ȥһԺʹžַ˼̻Ŵ˻ȥ棬̫ˡ
˸ү׼ú⡣ɽ˴ѣߵ˸ǰǿͷꡣ
ЦŮְѺ˹ȥ
ֳһꡣ
һߣɫˣ˸ϽȥϢˡԼҲЩƣۣ䣬Ȼ˷䡣
ôˣؼڹ˸꣬⼸մ϶Ц⡣ڹԪڣ˸үһ£óǸ١
ϣ˴ˣǸӵݸɣ˵
ɲ̫ףӹ򿪺ӣȡĶӡСش򿪣ʶһ٣ͷƣˡ
ףǣ
˿٣뵽СʱѾۿת˵һ˵ͻ޳ᣬү
үؿһؽʮǰ顣
ʱҷ򸾸ոճһꡣү⣬˸һȥǱߡ죬³ˣүѳԾƻġ
ˣѾ䵽֡һ꣬ȴů͡үԺģԼС޵Ŀ
ȥүʱиС棬ûһ͵ñ
ǡ
Ӧͣſһ·ҹȥԱߣƽӣǵĴҡһ󱧻һ޵ɫϵСޡ
үںӱ߼񵽵ġ
ҷ˴ʱѾҪ裬үϲСӵʱ򣬼С
ȱؼ˵šү
ʻֵůڵģС޿Ϊˣͣûһ˯ˡ
үصҵʱѾˣûһ˸ޡүǸӽңһǵŮƣҵһ̥
£㶵ؿҷ򸾣ԥ˰Σ˵Ե˼ǣ
룡˴ɵĻҸûʲô˼ֻǾҪ֪źãϾ˶Ҫи
ҲҪʲôɺȻ˵ҵҵ
ʲôСʱһɱڻװѻ˵꣬òã
ɵסˣһɵصͷ
ʱϻԪϸؿãҲûʲôͬǸֻҲ֪ⶫһǺŻʲô˲õĴ£ﲻò㣬ôõĺӣ˭ϲأ
˻ǵõʱ꣬ɱڻʱС۾ͶЦˡһ˲䣬˾϶ԼӣһкһŮҳزۣû³Ųڡ
ĸŮۣ޵ȫʪˡ
ײҪҡ˵
˵ôܲҪأҪȿ׸׼ļױҰŶˣŮװƯƯسأ
үһҲ۾ᣬεºܣһôõĺӡ

 13 

ҹɻû˯һֱǸٳ֪һߣҲ˵ʱʱüӼ򻨡
һһŮɸӣСһ㣬÷ױ˭Ҫһò
֪ԼǧسҪǡСʱſڵأڻ
̲סЦûԼֳﲻͬ
ʱֳһɣɼֳҪһЩ˵Ǹޣǲֹں֡
ϣֳһ纮ȥˡҴ󷿶ֽҷһ£ﻻװ
ɾóʮ꣬ϱŮҪʶ㡣䲻£˭Ҳܽܵġֵͷ˿Ǹ٣ȻǺԼĸ˼ҵɡλͷΣԼ֪ΪŮͦõģ
˿ڴϣ۾ġ
ǲѰ׵ġ
ôʲôү˵ͷѰǾͲŮˣ
˰Լҷһۣ̾˿ڣ˵ɶȥ֮Ҳ¡ô㣬š
˵ţֱһ¡
һǵϣҪҡʱ˵ʵǲˡΰѵʱҾڿޡҵʱ룬ȥˣǱ߿϶¡ǸȢָôĥأţҾ;ҵúúûȥ
ⲻͦ׵𣿡ү˵ıӣʲôأ
Ҿ֪Ӧ粻˵أ
ǲ˵һպô죿ү˵ǽˣպҲҪһƳô죿
ȸ䣬Լҷ⻰
԰˺Ȼ˵ݣôͲأ
˭ȢһԼһطү˵޷Ǿٵ˼ҡݴʮ꣬ҲĴˣûѰӡ
۾һתסүĶ䡣
֪ͦ
ˣĸҰүѧɵһۣһ񺮡
ʹڣʵѾڸ¶ʮˡʺл̿⼸յͮʷȻЦʵ۶޵ԭýֺ붼ó
ʵһǣһɡ˶еܵܲμӽĴǣ˵ѧܳڡ˱ͱͷθԼ
˶ԼܵıһջͦܳԴףʱ䳤ˣķúܣԽڳæ޸¶
ãʺ룬ʱģһĸα֪˰ɡ
˼ŮѻʺʱͷǰùŮжλСͨʵˡ
ʱʲôлÿüë⼸˯ãʵˣҪೳ
ʵۡ
ʱ򣬻ʺѾɢͷ׼˯ˡ
㣿˵ţסʺ˳׶꣬ʵϲĻл̡ԸˬʣʶʶȤԼʲôö˵֪һԼǰͷǶﻨ
ʵۿ⼸ķл˵ţѾˣͲҪˡ
̶ġӹ˳һѻʺСֻ֣ۣ˵ŮҲûʲô
Ϊ괺ǣлͷЦʵߵ֣ԽΡ
ǰ̾˿ǸɶҪǵĵܵܵ״Ԫ״Ԫֻһ˭ʡ
͢Ĺأ̽Ǹδģ״ԪۣʵǻƫԼˡҶ
⻹򵥡лЦ˵֪˭ĻǾ˭ҲλĵܵܣҲǱȱ˵ʦһЩȱ˿̿һЩˡôǲ⡣
̶֪Щ档
лһЦ˵λܵʲôûλʲô¿ɶƼˣ𣿡
л̵֡λȷʵɫ֮ûʲôŵ㡣ҲԣӦ˵ǵŵ㣬˳úÿӲãϲŭȫϣžȤ
󣬼˳費ǶλʵЩʡ
Ҿ֪л̸̵
裬󹬵Ĺȴܴ˭Ҳ޷ʺ̫ӵĵλԣлûг֡ԼҲùôλţֵͦġ
Ҹô˵أʵ
лĬĬط˸ۣĵЩӵҸ˽һʱ䡣ʵ۸ǴˣҲ
ǻʵֻۣĵл˵˵ˣλʵʵ˵£һͲǶԼûг㡣
л̾һڣ־ȥҡл̵ͷںǽߣʵ۶췭ȥˡϣܲ˯ˣ
ȴԼӦöʺȻȤǻǸ˴ŸһЩ
лҪ˵ղء
ԪڣףԪڿ֡ԣڼҶ죬Щӣͺˡ

 14 

£˾Ҫȥǽľˮ֡ǸݵĺӣھˮִС
˾ڳתתȰȻѾˣǻǲҪ;۵ĺáҲǣҲ˵ȰȰ
ֵɵĶͷ˵ˣ
ΪʲôҪȥˮ֣Ŷͷһʵ
ˣʵ
գ۾ˣ˵ʮˣôˣ
һʱӦйˮˡ㵹ãƽƽġҴŮҽȥˮ֣ǿãʵأһø㿴
˰ɣ˵÷㡣
⻰۾
˵˵պҪҪˣ
ץץͷֵûţԭѾˡ
һգȻ紺ӭ洵ķѾЩů⡣ҵس˳ǡ
ˮֵסַʦ̫ˣæЦӭ
Ҽɺãʵ
԰ǹɡʦ̫˵Ҳźü궼δٲ
лʦ̫չˡ˸æл
ʱһСһŮ˽˸æǰ֣һ
԰ʩȥ᷿ɡҹˣȴֵܣرܻ䡣ʦ̫˵ѵüξˡ
ǡŮӦˣЦ˵ȥԼ᷿
һţ˾֪ſڡŮǰ˸˵ϲˡ
֣˵ЩҲΪˡ
Ůҡҡͷ˵ûҿ¾Ҫطˡĺܺáʦ̫ʶ飬һѧ˻ȸСҲʲô
ٹꡣҶһЩҾͰӹ˵ھˮֵĺѡŮѰ˼ң
Ůæ˸
л˴԰ΪоӶӿƽ
˻˾ðϣй
Уͷûǹָͺͺģһָ׶û˿һۣŷĵŮҽ
ŷ˼¡˵ҼҹС׼ˡ
ŷ˵ͷҽôãҲ֪Ǯ˼
һ˫ִ˳ŷƣĵõУһֵı룬ָҲͺͺġ
ҼҹΪһֱˮδһʵ
ŷЦˣ˵ˮȻҪȹӹǳ˲С
Ҽҹӹǲã˼ʵ
ҽҸƽ˼ҿ鲻һŷ˵Ӧܸ߰ɣ
˵ͷҹȷʵӺܸߡ
ӹǻδɡŷ˵żأҲʮꡣ
⻰ŷôߣҲ˿ǹˮˣպв㡣ͦõġ
ھˮի뿪԰ıӰĵ飬кñġȻǶʱ򣬼ֱǾȿѵڵǰĵط
ɻصң͵˷Ÿ̺ġ
үһ˸۾ͻӻȥˡЩ˼ˡ
ҿǸŮޡү˵ǹӣۼҪˣ
˷˰ۣûү
ɵ鷿̺żһĿʮеؿ֮żȥԺ
ææģ£ү߹æʵ
ɵͷ̺Žү
̺֮ǰСûڻҴӾ˵©죬Ҫռۼڽӡ˵˸̺죬ָ̺æȥŸҡ
үһ£˵ţмվҪˣ㰲׼Ѯʰͳˣ˽ʿ󷿾Ͳˡ
ǡɹӦˡ
£ɴ¾ͽ˿Ȼªǽðģٲᱻ˿ȥһ㣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ȰԼһĶֵشɨɾȻ˱ˮŲæīһٶһЩøУˣǲ
бԽǣ￴ŹԺüͷöܼӬطҲ߯Hˡ뵽ҪôãͷۡǣжôģҲֻš
ϲ࣬үǧƫһ㡣
ƽãҲЩܲסûͱ̧˳ȥ
˹дΣҶһ⼸գѰʰö˹Ժţæӭȥ
㵹ǻ顣˵ôλá
֪컹δү˾ͰҴ򷢳ţλãܲ𣿡
ȥ㡣ЦЦԼȥ
һ߿ţĵһڳΪ٣һҪλôơ
ǿžͿͲ붯֪˱Ȳ
ӣȵȲůů
ɽӹڣ־ֳ֪˼ڼ࣬žԼ˹
صңͷԸˣ밲ֱӾͻԼԺϢɼ򵥵ϴ֮󣬾ֱϡ۵ʱѾ
һ˯õáЦ˵
֪һ̲סһۣ˵֪˯˶ã
ã˵վԼѡ
һա֪˵ү˼øæУ˵۹ȣӶʱιˮͺá
л֪ЦŶ˶֪ȥϴˣøϽȥס


 15 

ҷ򸾺ǵɣϢòԺţ͸Ͻ֪
ɵԺҷ򸾸ոͨһЦ
Ͽæк
Ϣˣүʵ
ɵͷ˵ûʲô£ˡ
ˡ˿ɵ۵˵ɵúúòС
Լĵżհˣôԡ
ȷʵˡүһҲ˵ʲôȥ˵һ
ЦӦˣȻСǶΪ
ףҪȥҡ˵
үͷ˵֪ˡ
緹Ǹŵһõġ֪ûгԶ˶˰ಢСˡɵǾˬڣƽջ˰롣
һ߿ţˡˡ
ȥңһǰѵյԾĬд̫үϸؿ˿ͷ
Ȼ岻֮ǰǱˣǶ׽ʿǿԵġ
ɷܽԺɸæʵ
̫ү⻰̲סЦˡźӿɣ˵ĲɣԺ
ץץͷ˵𣿡
ѡү˵ȻԺ󣬵طҲ
ĬĬ̾˿ǽˡ
ֹ˼գԷŰм䣬ϲ̵ؿЦͿֵ°ˡ
ԸȥһǮүЦ˵
ϲ˶ӣЦžͳȥˡϲӯӯ·硣
ʮ壬ԡȻһ򶨣ʱЩš
һ֪ɵüëһЩ۾ԲӢ÷۰Ѷ˺ãѡŮɡ˶ۣױݣ㵭أ
ôоֳأ֪ŽŰɴ·˵
ҾҲǡԼҲԼˡ
ҿǰЩѵʱԸǶԵġ֪˵ţҺ塣
ɽ̫Ȼ۾ȴ̲סתĵȻǲûʾ׳֪̫̫Ρ׳ˡ
ĵλҲˣպһͬΧۣǿԽύύ
￴ĹʿĵǻмɡԸߵĸ߸ͷϸǲ䡣
Ŀתɣһ£֮Цˡǳмл˵Ʒ񡣲Ҳûʺ˵л˿ƿл˿ڶָ࣬ļԶҲ˵ϸƣλЩ죬·ƵģãҲûһĶԾϣ֪ʵôƻŵֶ
ǸɵĵܵҲ棬һۣĵҵܶڹŮˡλĵܵܣò֮ˣ࣬ʺ˵ڷ࣬㡣λ״ԪۣʷҪԼ鰸ˡ
濴һȦĵλĲɿԣɴ͵״Ԫˡ̽ȻǼСӡֿһȦѰ۵λȸʯҵСӡ
ˣǼҹΡ
նշŰ֮ǰ̫үĻǲšо̫Ļݲݡ
̫ͳԼֵʱ򣬻ΪԼˣ鲻αƽһ顣ô̫ү˵òһ
ɴͷʿлʶ֮˵Źۿ
״ԪյʥּǰĿ·ǰӵǺò⡣
ϣĵ˳ϲңǡ㼱һ
֮Щ꣬ڻʵǰۣպݣûôס
ⷬȴλ¿״ԪȻᣬǺǳȡ
߹֣׶ϲ졣ǵĹﶼڽֱߣ״Ԫ̽ɶ˿Σһʱ侹Ȼ֪ĺɰӸ˭
ں棬һ˫һҿȥ˲ٹġһͷÿ࿴˶һۣ죬ЦЦ
ȺУһλɫ·ȺСɿãתͷߵһλˡ
λ¿״Ԫˣʵ
ϸԱ߿ջϰϢͨúܡʣæ԰
أ˵ǽġأϸ˵ſ飬̽ɱǲôһЩ
ͷֿһۣ˳Ⱥһµµʻǣž¶ȥ
ֻϧ־ûע⵽һĻϾǸˣ£˭ܲء
ɻصңϵס·ЩƮ֪һôˡ
˸үڼȻˣȴЩƣԼǶӣǸﰡպ󣬸
үÿ˴պģɽǰ·
̫үڼϢһ£žЦˡɣͶλԵ
ûգɾͽӵ飬ȻǴ䡣
лҪ˵Ůڿʼ

 16 

֪ԼҪȥ£Щ㶡״ԪѾúͻȻˡ룬ȥҵ˸ӡȥһ̫ү
ң̫ЦŴȤԼҷ
үֽ̳״Ԫɣ
̫үЦˣ˵ǺӰá
ô˵̫ïǰʵ
ʵߵңɶ˲μӿƿأ
̫һӾ׹ˡ
⺢ûѧʺãָϻʵûƽ⣬ɴѡûбġ
̫үͷ˵⺢ӳҲɡ
ǰ̫ͬһʼһΪǼһлҵĺӣϸһȻλһģһһЩҲΪûȡ
һҲôˡ̫ү̾˿ȻѾԩѩ뻹ۡϾǴСųĺӰ˵ǺĪͶ̥ˣ
˵ʲôأ̫Լҷһ£ǲЩ𣿡
ʱšǾҲ޷ô롣ï˵Ҿ͵ǰɣܰһѾͰһѡ
̫˿һû˵֪һֱԼҷһӶȥĿ
ŵʱ̬ȸûʲô𣬵ָ߿һۡĵպμңҪ̳һЩ˲ɹ
ïָ׵λ˵Сӿ»ʲôɣ
ɲ˼صͷһֱǱźԺȥģ˭֪ȴ˴¡
£һˣˣ̡⣬˾ˣ˾ةˣ˾ֱɡ
֪ͬڵģ˭ȥ˴£ïʵ
Ҳʹ˴ˡ̽ɣҹӼࡣ˵
ҸǺӲïź˵ҵӣڴ£ҲиӦ
ǡɸæӦˡ
ʲôʵģ
ïϳɾһ۾Ϳδ֮¡
ץץͷ˵У״Ԫ
ïЦЦɸͷԡ
ǰףΪ˺ǻʵչԼˡǶȴͲʵȱ
ңɸӲˡ
ȻԼˣöչ˵аï˵ǣ״Ԫһֵʱأ
۾ɵôģԭ鰡
ˣ㻹۵úأúѧŰɣ
ïϲ˳é®ʱӣ棬Լһǰôĳ
ҴŻï˺ܶٳϵ顣ĵΪɣĺ⻰ԡŸϴԹٳҲֻһ֪⣬˵Щ泯ũˡ
ң˼ÿࡣ˶һ£Ц
칫ӣӣ
ͬ
칫ӿ̫үʵ
ɵͷ˵Ҳһ̻Թٳ֪֮١ԣòͷʦΪҽһ
Ѿɵ˵̹ȻøСȻ̻Ǯȱǵ׸С˳ɼ̹պֵýύ
վڽֱߣ˲ٹĲĿ翪ţǵڣؿȥмС
¿״Ԫ̽һݵĹ˵
ǲǴɫӵǸ״ԪīֱֵǸ̽ɣһԲĹʵ
ô֪ģµĻͦ׼
⻹ò°ԲЦ˵ͿˣȻ˶ÿǵ׻̽ɸһЩ
ɸһţЩ˼
ҼҾסǱߡָָĴţлҺȲ衣
˵⻰ȻЦˡ
˶þҪͬΪ٣ʱеǻᡣ
Ҳ⻰ܶԡ
ĳסˮǹȥҾС
ˮ̧ͷһۣλǷɷڽһλò˵Ǻò
ôңĳʲôɼһ۲ضԼȻЩ˼ﵽǸôжţЩΪ顣
¡ֻЩˡ˵Ͽˣ
ҡҡͷ˵һֱӽ꣬˸ףδ˵
ͷĵɺϰɣ죬һʱҲ벻ǰλ˭
صңֱϷ˵֣Ҫ֬
˵Ƥ̫ϸ۾Ͳôˣ˺ʵ
գգۣѴλĻ
һ£֮Ц
߰ɡ˵㱾͸ߣݵúܣֻ֪軭ϸƤ⣬Ҳû˻ɵġеϵ˼ңĸӲϸƤģ
ɽӹͷӦˡ
µõõӣûȥÿ֪ϺͿһ㣬һ£׼װ۵ġ
ǡɹӦˡ
ϣҲˡְŶˡ˵꣬ѹպչҪ˵ģ˭ҶɻϲԼϱֱԼ֡
˫ƣΪϰһЩ룬ûʲôƤͰףһ˫ȥ˵һɣҲܺÿ
̫ڡ׵̫ˡ
˵꣬֬Ӿˡ
⺢ӣЦЦ־ᣬǸεεĹ컬Сү

 17 

ɵһȥ£Щվ֪Ϲٷ֮ЩĽ˭ҹⷬ
ھǰױˣЦԼǰ
·Ц˵
ץץͷ˼Ц
ȥ˶ϷĻүһ߶
סӦʹ졣
үֶ䣬ʱˣϽˡ
ɵ˴£ʱ磬Լֲ֪һĶֻ˸λ
ʱ˽໥˸к
ɿûʵ
һ£ҡҡͷ
ûС
ȥϸ˵պҪõġ
ɵͷҪ˵ʲôлԾˡ
λǵʺֳС˵
лҲѹӦһ䡣
лһţɨ˶һۣĵʵôˣǵãԼʵˣһҪλõġʵ
ɡл˵ָָ׵ӡ
뼾֮лﰵͷˣǹһЩɡ
أһˡʯɡ˽£ˣ˴ǡл˵»˾ˣ˾ةˣǾͻ
ĵ̫үǸ˵ˡһֻţĵҲ˵ԱλġİͶ˷үۣҲ¡
⼸ȰѾȫˡлԷԸȥٰѴɱ졣
ǡɸӦ
ڴ¿ľڣɻؼһҪɣۼĸˡ޳ÿ鷿ͳԵģ࣬վǼ˿棬ؾͻС⽣嵭ˬֿθֻϧô໹ǲ⡣
һգݣúõ˯һ۾˺ܾõŷ´
û˯ã֪ʵҲ԰˯˺ʱ
⼸տڿġŸ첲˵ﲻưɱˣԺû˯ۡ
֪ЦŰѣ˵һתתڼţ˶ﻵˡ
ҲСЦ˵תƽơ
ù緹ɾʹȥˡĩǺ
ڹġʺкѾʹȥҼˡ
ǲϲ𣿡лЦŴȤԼҹŮ
ǲϲ浽һ𰡣˵̫ӡæڳֱܵ顣ôģﻹǸʲôͷҲǼҹӣܸ浽һ𡣡
л̲סָһ¡
ǽǣҵĹأ
ÿ˵ĲĸӺÿĸӣҪô廨˵žͷۡ
ȥȥɡл̻ӻ֣ڼҲͷۡ
ǰסл̣һ£˳ȥлεҡҡͷĵȻŮծ
ڼдţȻ˵ˣЩˡڴ´ţ췳ˣãȥϹ䣬ýǶˡ
쳽մŮװɫ֯īɫȹΡڴϣƲۡ
ȥĸ¥ԷʵȻϲڲֵ࣬ôĽĿ⣬׻˽ġ
¥ɡ˵ǰЩԼȥ¿İ¥Ҫѳжѳԡ
Ц
ҳܱȵ𣿡
룬ԼҲЦˡ
໺¥ӭͿɣһ£Цˡ
칫ӣһ˵ʶӣ
֮ǰʶʶġЦ˵
¿״Ԫһ߽͸
Ȼ㣡Ц˵֮ǰһأ϶Եϣ漮ҲԵϡ
һţĵλǳװݱ¶ˡ
ɼ
ô֪ģ쳺ʵ
µġЦ˵Ҳ²׼ġ
һߵͷڴ¿ڣлÿοǣɼǰٷ֮ٵĴԡЩǿ֤ݵóģЩȫƾֱ̫үȻϳɾ˺׼
˶벻żһ˷ǲˣһĵÿģϯ֣ǿġ
ֱعǶ΢΢šл̼ã̲סʵտ˭ˣ
¿״Ԫ˳
лת˸Ȧĵ¿״Ԫ˵ҲǸεˣͷһʵ۴̽̽ڷ硣

 18 

ɸڴ¿һµľڣڵ˵һ׮̹£ڼС˵ȻôʣǲΡ
ʲô򣿡лʵ
֢˾ةʩ˵
һ£ʼࡣ
ʲô֢
ԣؿһҲѹ
Ϸ硣
ȻǰŸ׳¥ݣи߻ţ绰١໰һڣͺˡ
ȻΣΪλϱ£лʵ
ʩ˷˵ұɥ֧֮Ĺ١
ҷ˸СأлԷžʵ
ڹҴأʩ˵ϾûжҲ˼Ů
лԵͷ뼾࣬˵ʲô
Ϊ¿״ԪȻǵһ˵
ǹ֧ҪռƲ﹨ҴŮɡ˵յʱ׼үҲ֪һЩֻиޣСӡǲΣĻ֧
һߵͷ˵е
²¶ۡл˵Ϊ󰸵ʱͻʧƫġ
ǡ뼾Ӧ
ȥ˹ҡл˵֧ұ٣϶֪Щʲô
ɸһλȥˣ·ϣ
үǸʲôˣʵ
룬˵үͺᣬ֮꣬ˣȴ÷ţųĸֻһŽּ⡣Ȼ;
ɻǵùүµòһӣšż¥ݣҲǹءл˵öԣ»ǲҪΪĺá
˵˹ңȻĿأȴҲó֮ǰûʵӡŹٸˣæǵݡ
ҷһأȦˣæ
񸾼λү
𡣡ùһߵϣ֮󲻶ɫشһ
˲ʮ꣬ò㣬һӡ
ﻹʲôˣʵ
ﲢҼҶӡ˵
ͷ˰˵꿴һ۹ˣǲСӣһҲ޷
˵ͷԸ˼䡣
λүһҼС⼸Щ纮֧Щ˶ֽʲôֻۣչˡ
ɵͷҲƽǰۺˣ϶رࡣ
һһϸϸĸ˽Ͳʮ߰ӣĸСӱĸڻҲһء
λḾ񣬾һߣü˳ۣ̬Ⱥǹ˳
˵˵ΰɡ
˵֮λ˶һۣȿ˿ڡ
գ²Сˣæվ
ȱ˻ӣ˶СһֱͷˣŽĸ
ү÷ʵ
룬˵ɡ
˵ͷһЦæ÷Ըȥ
үĹ𻨾ƣҪҪʵ
֮ңҵľƣһ̳
ðЦˡ
СҲү£ſպ˵ιСһ죬ͳҪ
үֵ˵Сأ
˵֮󣬸æСһﱧιһһ֣졣
лף
֮һˡСһŴŴϲù˵ıӣ˵߻𡣡
㵹Ǵõúܡ¼һ֬츬˵
⻰˵ģҶӣôܲá˹˵꣬󱦶СԲģָпá
һٷ޶˳Եڡù֮Ѿˮү˼ڣɫվ
⼸Ӳãȥ
һ£֮ȥЦ⣬˵лү
үӾ˼£ͰˣԼȥԺӡ
ʱڵߣүˣæվ
үˡ˵ţ˱ݸүɺã
ĺӣͱ˵Ժӣˣȥ˵ԺȥһѶ죬ʮεа˴μ
Сһأ
ү˵꿴ϵߣǸС޵ĶǶ
ЩѣԺҲû취顣ˣǿԼ
Ӱ۽ǣ˵Һγ֪Աõģֻ֪֪뻹롣
˵һֽҡ˭֪ȤŨʱ򣬹үȴȻһſϡˣŹү£ָæȥԺӡ
ԣУֻϧʱ򣬹үѾһغˡ
˵ĻɸһۣĵҪȥлһСԺлͷֹ˿һۡ
ŸղŵΣȻµĹУ˿ŵľ
±Ρ


 19 

һ·Ÿղſĳſʵ
ʲôˣ
ʹ˻ʱûע⵽飿ɿ򼾷࣬λ飬ע⵽ûУ
һ£˵˸λı֮ɫαģҾûпˡ
֪˸ĹϵЩš˵Ǹոճŵʱлһͷֹ˿һۡղֻһ£ֹڽεʱʱʱһۡ·Ĺһ㡣
ô˵ȷʵЩŹ֡˵ĸôῴɫأ
ңҷ˵̰׼ҡ׼ңҲһģүٳ谮Ҳܳ޵˵ز
˵꣬һۣңȻйŹ֡
л˶˵Ļһʵô
תһ۾˵ȥҿ
ôȥлһüôе˼
ǽ˵˸õģ˿϶Ӧǵʻ
л΢˼һ£˵ԡ
һߣԥһ£Ǿڡ
⣬̫ðɡ
ʲôõġ˵ֲǵĹ뷿͵һ°ˡ
ȥɡл˵䣬һȥٸһѲõʱ˼Ů쵱ɲɻ
һ£žЦˡݴҹȥ˼Ůǽ¶ţȷʵͦġ
лȥдͣҿ˿ɵӡ
ôȥ
ɲؿż࣬˵ǽ
³סˡ
мҶѲӣй̲ס˵ҹҲǸŴ󻧣ԺǽҲߵúܣ
֪Щףһ㲻ͺˡ
ſڣȴû˵ڣǽѾ˵һˡ
ϣɴ򷢸ߵؼҸ˵һԼùﴧѲһ˹ҡ
ҹ컹Щ쬵ġڰ£һ紵ԼëҪˡ¹˵ӰϳӰҡ˵Ĺ졣
ҿ˿ĵ⹨үûͷߣҲ֪ڲڹһơ
Ϣߵұǽɿ˿˵˭ȥ
룬ˡ
ȣȻһѡ
ҡҡͷܼһܣ¾ﵽǽͷ
㡣ѹ˵
ΣԺǽһ΢͹שýŲţסһ͹ש飬Ŭ
Ƕ̲סͲܿ
㵹һѰǽͷɺ
С
˵꣬գգ۾߬߬ȭͷǸﰡȥ˵֣Щܡ룬ѣ£ûм֪ڣȥࡣڣû˿õϵĺΡ
ָܳЩȣס֮קһѣŰ
ˡһôô
ǵȵġ˵ȥɡ
ɵˣȻȥҪ顣
ôȥ
¿һۣ˵ȥС
ôߣôȻԼͲӦý£Ժò
ɰһۣԼȥȻͷԺǽļࡣ
ֱŤţʱ
ΣҲԺǽһֱŰսսذŲһߣҧҧȥ
ϣͺˡ
ôˣɾԼͲӦôһ
ˤˣۡڵϣüͷ˵
ˤĶˣʵ
Σβ˵ʱһƨŵĵء
û¡˵ҿ˿վͺãϽ߰ɣûˡ
Լβǿˤˣرۡ
㡣˵ţ֡
û취סɵֽվָϸЩ
ܿ𣿡Щͷˡ
ܡһȳһյظ󣬡ƨۡ
ôܲ۰ʵ
ʦСԼ϶ˤˡ
߬߬ȭͷסԼ˵ĳ嶯
ʱмҶѲӹżæ׵һߵͰĶ档ȴѾɤۡ
׼ҶˣȴһֻβһǿһԺĸ֡
ţǵķȥɴӻͳһ⣬С˹ȥ
󹷱ע⣬ߴɸæż࣬첽߽Ժ
׼ûͦ֡˵
ЦЦû˵Сʱֳô͵ﵽԼһ԰׽ġ
·񷿣Ȼж˫˫ŵһ飬ǽҶ
ʱ򻹸ҹһǽΣֻ
ôң㲻Ҳ𣿿Ҳˡ
ʱ²ǰ涢ţܵ±˷֣ߣλá
ǰ˶أ㣬ź𣿡
ߵĺǱңǰʲô
Ǿɣ
ûˡ˶ۣ첽뿪˲񷿡⹨ҲˣµľȻѾ߽һ
СԺߣû߼·͵ˡʱﻹŵơż棬֧䣬ϸĶ


 20 

һֱŵƣɸ˾ǽ¶šԺﾲĵģҲĵġ
ʲôأһ㶯ûС˵ţ˷ɵļ
ɱһݣ˶ˡ
ѽæʵ
ˡ
˵ú⣬ȴܲˡŮܲףԺҪעŵźá
һ紵̲ס˸¡
𣿡ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵䡣
ôܣղͦġ
ǽͷȵġɶǶ˫ִ˵ھͲˡ
ΪʲôԼݶҪˡ
ɷ˸ۣ˵Ҵö࣬а
룬ǰܸ˺䡣
㴩а滹һһ£
̧ͷ˿죬װûˣ˼
һҶ춳ˡ˵
˭Լû׼ֵģá˵ֶ꣬ũûʲô
ûСôҲͬꡣ
Ҳˡ˵ôҲҹӣôһ㳣ʶûС
Ҳ˵ˣҹӡĸҹӴҹ˼ǽġ
ѽ˵꣬ﰵЦұƤӣҾû
౻˵ûԥһ£Ҳֿߡ
ָʲôʵô
һЩů͵㡣˵꣬ߴ˴աͦů͵ġ
ʱԺӵ֨ѽһˣɸæסСشǽ˹ȥһˣŵ˽
ТɢͷԺ¹ɭɭģһ紵״ȡĵҿղûˣȻܵõг
˻ߵǰԥһ£̧ͷš
һﴫһŲ
˭˳
ҡ˵
֨ѽһſˡ˽ȥ
Ѿأʵ
֪ҪǰѰˡ˵Ҳ˯ˣĸҲҴˡ
ǽţһɡ˵Ĺû飬Ρ
λῴʲôɣʵ
Ӧòᡣ˵ȻҶͬ˼ǰ˭Ҳû˭˵㲻Ԥı
ô˵ǵ֮֡˵
򲻿뷨˵Ƕ˾ƣǻ֮ҩԹ˭ȥԼ֪壬˵ˡºһǸҩ裬Ҳ벻ġ
ԸλˡҪ˵Ҳǻã˵ֻҪƽɥ½֮ҾͽӣڼҺúչ˱ҲͰˡ
⼸ǧҪ˵
Ȼ˽ӿڵΪΣֵ֧ʱͱˡ
ɸһۡүȻ⣬ǣҲðɱ㲻ϣֻǸ⡣ǣ˸ôôأ
ʱҾͿūͲͬģڿȻûΪǸٴǣװŸͷԴģҲû㣬㵽ʲôͷ
ңЩˣҼҲǸС٣ϧ游ϷǸ̫ӵģ̫ӱ֮һŮأū澡̫ӵǱƽˣǣ˭Щأ
ⷬ˵꣬һƬž
ͺˡ˵
ǰͺˡ˵ǸˡҲû˻ˡ
˵ͷ˵ǰȻȥˡջҪӦˣʹñҪͷ
ɸһۣȵ뿪ԺӣֵȵﴵϨ뿪
ԭ·صԺǽûˣ˹ҡ
ȻؼҰɡ˵˵
ͷ֣ͷֿˡ
Ź˵ĻĵȻ֪֪治֪ģүʱģû뵽Ȼˡϧ񣬻ؼȴŹ˸
صң֪Ժţæվ
ó˽裬˯
ɡ
֮ǰǿž񣬽ݣһ棬۾ˡϴ֮󣬾ɵڴϣûһͺۡ
ڶգ֪ǿžȥá
˴£һſһήҲӡ
ôˣʵ
ˡ˵һ磬Ҫǽջ£ҶҪˡ
̾˿λҲ̫ˡ
һлˣ˶˵Ļرãôأ


 21 

лԿǰˣЦʵк뷨
ͷǣﶼܡɿһۣԼȿںˡ
ɻΪӦûȥһ˹ҡ
»׼ȥ˼ұڽţлʵԴ
δڣ;̫үȡֺ¡
ǵǲá˵Żͺˣվͺãվͺá
Ǿһȥһˡл˵꣬򼾷࣬ԪҪҪһ𣿡
֮̽󣬼͸ȡ֣Ԫ࣬ɫҲľ𣬴ԪеҲ
ȥǿž˵ܲúԼһˡ
ȴһĵλǻȥһµĺãߣûҵأֲ˵ֻ
ȥ˹ҡڸ飬ˣȻһ幫һúܡ
λ幫˵
˶һۣĵѾǴµڶţѾ֪Щʲôϲ¶ϲɫǹҷ˽˴ҲƻȫǿƣСӲ꣬Բ⻹ǿǡ
񸾼λ䡣˸񣬾һߣλչк£
ͷ˻ٹһˡ˵Щ飬Ҫ
˵ͷתԸСѾ
үյʳҲһԵģʵ
˵ͷ˵ǵġѾߣĲˡ
ɿڹæصͷ
ʣµķʳأʵ
ˡ˵ҵĹأҸ˵ķˣǷֿġ
ɵԼʣµķ͸ˣƱÿչࡣ
ʱű˹˴ĸѾߴűȥ᷿ˣֿ
λҪ㡣
￴ɣ˵λ˵
үԺӵ˼裿Цſ˿ڡ
￴ǰλˣȻЦӯӯĿȴܾÿԼƵġ
⡭ЩԥһЩҩ
үˣɹʵ
һӾͺˡͷͬһϸС
ҩ˵ġ
ơ
æԸߵѾȥԼķ䡣
ҩأһ߿˿ڡ
ҡҡͷ˵ûˡ
ɸһۣǸһ
һСѾһɰӹݸɡ

ɴ򿪺ɰ浽һҩ裬ϸ˿š
ģ
үһɮġ˵˵ܹһһš
ɮɺȻЦˣɮ֪˭ 
ûȥˡ˵£ǻ
λүߡ˵
뼾˹ңͷ˿ţ˵ϻһˡ
üͷ˵ǲ˼ŮǽˣҲˣ˸Ȼɱү˼ǾûжҩǹүԼģ㻹Ҫʲô֤ݣ
ܾûôɺϡ˵ºѾ֪ҩͬ
ƾҲﰡ࿴˵ʧɱ˶㲻ϡ
֪˵֪ʲ˵ǣŪࡣ
࿴һۣû˵ĵɰʵ׵̬ȣڹٳϣǲû졣΢һע⣬׷ǡ
ͷȥҰɡ˵̫үġ
ΪʲôЩ⡣
ȥˡ
˵䣬ͻ˴¡ɰԼ뷨˵л֮лԿǰˣ˵ϲֳľȥɣ
һţȻ˻ʵ۵뷨λҪ䷨Ϳ϶ҪܶɳλᣬԹٳ˽⣬ִһ˿ɲϻʵ۵˼
ԳЦЦЩӣø׸߶߶طɣ£ʺ
䣬ɻصңֱϷү˵ˣЦ
ף֮ǰǸɮ˵
£үЩס
ɵͷ˵үΪǸɮҩ
ɣүǾȣ˹үҲвҩúúõġ
һ°ɡŸ׵˵ҾԲ鷳
үһ߿˿ڣ¡
ү˷ˣֻͬ⡣
üҶȥۼҼɡ
лסɼүͬ⣬ϵЦݸˡ
ǷɮʱѾˡţͼһ߰˳˴ĳΪŹ֣ͷͺ붼ܾĿ߱ǣӣӦǴġ
λСģ֪Ϊʡ
ǷɮȻͨٻǵЩֵֹġ
мλɮɹ˵꾡ؽ𡣡
ǺǡǷɮЦ˵˵
ǴǶõģ˵Űѹүɰҩݸ
Ƿɮӹϸƣ˵ǡ
ôҩнɣʵ
ҩΪ֮ҩãԽƢɮ˵ֻһˣǾ㡣ƽ˼ңҲõϡ
סˡ׺÷㣬үؽ㹩㡣ζϤòϤգ߾ʹ޵ζΪ˰²Ѭ㣬ϻд֮ǰѬζ
Ǿأʵ𻨾ơ
Ȼᡣɮ˵
л˵꣬ǲ˸˸ɰյĻܡ
ɮֽӹɰ󣬾ЦŴ
ġ
˷ɮҲصԼ鷿յĻѡ

 22 

ڴϣλɮĻȻŵ֪һ
£ѣߵǰʵ
ǺȻһЩ顣ɻӻ֣ûµģȥɡ
ҲϽ˯ɡ
ɼ֪ˣԼȴû˯¡ڴŴᣵ廨㣬
ˣɺȻòӴ֪䷭˸Ϊ˲ֻڴߣָЩ
ǰ˻δ֪Լеʱ򣬸үȥͣЩˣ˰죬֪ȥңϵѬ˾Ȼơ
ǹòϸġ˵ѬĵƮƮɡٿңƣЩ˶ֵ˼
ô걻үţԻСһȻǰѺ֣˽ȴ
ɵʱЦ˵л˽ȴ֪ȥ鷿⻰͸ڶգͼЦ绨Ҳ̲סЦˡɼϣûס
Լǵãʱõľ㡣ȻˣƽùģӦǹҷ˲ŶԡǣΪʲôƶҩƷأҪҹ̽ҲС
ϧڶã֪ಡˣ纮òڼ̾˿ҹ̽ҪЩʱˡ飬һȥȽϺáλ䣬æ飬ԼҲ鷳ǡ
ȻӼ׸ʱеôġ
ȥҿԪлԶͬ꣬ͬţӦúɡ
Цһû˵ȻϷ嶼ˣȥȥɡԸȥ˼ңҪǰкǡ
ãɾȥ˼ҡһ·Ҳûʲộ˶֡˵ÿ˻ʺϲ˳ԡ
Ų죬ʵǼֲסˡҹյûͷԣŮֺæȥԺҷҹС
üʱ˰գѾ˺ܶࡣżҳ·ڼҴǰи磬Ů˵ˡ
롣˻壬֪ˣˡͯʱΪȥһξء
Ԫ֣õû˵ţֵݸŮ
öˡ˵꿴Ůŵֽʲô
֡˵һ·Ҳ֪ʲô˶˵ӵ֣ġ
̲ס˭̽˻֣Ҳǰλó顣
ʲôʱãʵҪ̽һιҡ
۾ˣȥңǲҪһ纮
ôȥ
Ǹɮˡ˵˵ǸҩͲˮˡֻ壬ң֮ǰģǹˡ
ΣЩ˵õó֤Ů㲻𣿡
ڹңϣȴ޵ζɼ˵⻹˻ɵ𣿡
û˵ֻǵ˱ݸɡ
£Ҳǿ㡣ֻҵ̻Թٳ֪֮١ܶʱ򣬾֤ݣҪû˵ȫƲˡ
ɶŲ豭ż࣬˵ǼеΪ֮ʲô
ЦЦ˵ҿɽ̲㣬״Ԫɣ̽ɡ㰡ǵȥҡ
ȥҲЦƵᣬȼֺˣȥ˹ġ
֪Ϊθұ٣˵
һü˵ΪΣ
ҶĹڿǰ˳ǰóĺˡ
Σ˵˳ִܲ²ɣ
˵أԼĶͷ
ǳ͢٣Ǹûʵȱ˵ú⡣
ˡ̫ү㽲ɡ˵
Ǿ͵ⰸӽ˵ɡ˵Ÿһȥҹ̽أ
˵꣬վļļ
ȸˡ
㡭

˵꣬ˡԺţǰ˼Ȼת
´ȥңǵöഩ㣬ͷٶˡ
౻⻰ùǺ뵽ĻʱɹŶˡ޺޵ػصǰַΣһ鵽ݺݵؽšǣò˵ӵ֣ͦóԵġ
ڼգȥãϣͱȥ˹ҡ
类ҼҶס˵
ɴӻͳѲ˻ӣ˵µģ
෭˸ۣڣ˵


 23 

ɺȥһ˷ɮϸѯ˴·ԭ֮ǰȥݡ˵ңݡ£ɶ϶⹨ҷˣ֡
ֻϧòʵ֤ݣֻƶϣû̵ġ
һ·ҺǽЩڴ´ڣжԽ󼾷ļ˵ȻĶˡ
෭˰۸յû٣ˣ
㴩˼аʵ
һôˣɺؿżࡣ
Ҵˣ
ˣ֪𣿡˵˴һůһաûϵϻ˵ﶳɵעЩ
˵֮´һ࣬Цֿ˿ڣǽʱע㣬ˤƨɣ
ԼһҪϿӴµߣñǰλ˵̫ҭˡ
˷Ժǽ·ԺӡƻͨԼ˵ϸ·ǹ˸룬ִ˴ֽ
Ҫʲôʵ͵˼Ůɲ˾ӵΪ
ɰһۣʹǰȥͿһɺڸҩˡĺ󱳣˺ۡ飬žɺۡ
һתͶ
ʲôܿģʵ
ɺþûЩɺתͷ¹⣬ɫס
ʲôˣʵ
Լȥɡ˵ĺȫˣûݡ˵ЩڣԼǸǰλɲǡ
Ȼ֪ŮܲףųӦǺܿµġԥһ£Ҳȥ
ʱѾ£ֻ¶첲һ˫ۣϵĺۼСĵظҩ۵̲סüͷ
̫ˡ࿴һ۾Ͷ˻Ǵжݣôˣ˻ûãүĺ
߰ɡɺȻ˵ˡ
ʱִ˵
˵Ǻαأ˵ôģѾƽˣŻȥ֪仧ʱҲӣűŲҵ𣿡
㡣һͱΪū˽̷ѧηӭˣ£һ㶼ûѧΣټĲҵǼվͱµȫƭˡ
ռ˶λ䣬Ҿ͸˵ϻҹ̽ҡԭѾǳϷôڶգִҵǺαأֿ˿ڡ
⻰һۣԼоͱ˲µһ
ƭң˵𻨾ҩˣʵأҩ˵㡣з㷿ҽ飬ҲŪȥˡּ˵λ䶼˾֪˿ô죿
ô죿ͺˡ˵ʱȻһ˿Ц⣬ʮ޸ǸڣѾʮˡ»ǰ£ûղҵġ͸ˡ
˵ĵ̾˿
ˣ˱Ҿڻиͷ䲻ģǸҸأ˳Ҿպ󱦶ˣҲܰϷ˭룬Ȼµ֣갡ôģɱ˭ûл·Ǳ϶ܻأ¼ҹһ˾ˡ
ǽ㣡
Ҫ˵ˡ˵λǳҵĶӣ϶ܴ֪ǸɮˣʱҾͰȫǹⱻݺģȫ֪顣أʹűúùѾˣЩˣƲͷϡ
㣡Ѿſǻˡ
㷿ҩƣƼˡǱ֪ҲƲҰȥϸףܲٶˡ
ɸ˫˫һۣһԲĬط˹ҡԭ˴̣ݺ
ˣûʵ֤ݾͲˡ˵
лǱߣǰ֣һʼҪ࣬˭ִ֡ʱòС
ȥ˵˵ŷʲô飬ҵš
˵֮һȥ࿴ıӰϸϸһˣֱֱͦġҡҡͷˣ̫ʺϹٳˡ
ڶգɸлذ齲лۺӣ˵ʵ۸˳̫Ը
Դϲ
ⰸӣұ͵⴦ġл˵ʵݰ׼ңǱֻҪϸͨţ飬Ҳֻ⡣
ɵͷʾԼˡ
ˣг徢ǺõģĴ汯ҲǺõġǣҪó߶ȣ𣿡лԼָɣ׮ӣͬ˵ģûʵ֤ݣԪȥ˼ŮԺڽţҲǲó˵ġȻ˵ˣҲͲˡ
סӦù˳
ˣվȥ᰸ɡ˳ȥ˹ңô򹨼˼䡣л˵˳ͷûʲôġ
ǡ
鰸ǰţЦ߽˵лͬˡ
ǡ˵ţЦ
ЦòãҲ̲סˣЦÿ
лҪ˵ڹŴְˡûʵ֤ݣʬҲû⡣˼ҵŮ죬Ҳ̿ټϹ˱ֲûʵϲԣôҲġ

 24 

ɸȥҵʱ򣬹ΧһţҪù˸ү
ȻǶıǸŮ졣ʣµū澳ΨһжСﻳŵò¶ͷ
ҵĹ¼æȥ٣ԼȥԺ׼ٵ˸ҪţͿɸ˽ʱᶼˡү̫ʱˡ
ҿǽ˭Ҷ֣˵˵Һүó֤
ֶһ򿵽ôؾȥˡһ뷢԰׵ߵ˵㻹˭
Ǿó֤ݡ
֮󣬻һȦˡ
ûСǽңҲŹǣ
ɲ̾Ǹˣʱ򣬾Ȼɫ䡣
ȿȣһŻͷ˼ʶ뼾࣬Щң˲ͻָ
ֱűڻĻǷ˱һҪŶλүڣԼ˵ģһ֪ôġ
λүáλ뷢԰׵˸æǰǶɱ˵֤ˣ
үȥ⡣
˵꿴˹һۡӭɵĿ⣬мس˵ͷ
⣿λҶ۾ˣֶʵõúܣôˣ
֪ϴЦʵ֪ˣǿɾͶ֪ˡʱ򣬹ҵǸʲôӣҿɾͲˡ
СӣΪ״Ԫ˴¾ܸô˵Ҷ˵ٷͲ֪Լʲôʲôǰɣ
ɸҪſڣͱסˡ
λҶ̫үǰɣЦ⣬֪ƽ賯͢ٸʲô̷𣿡
Ҷүؿ˼һۣ˵ҼСŮǰ˳ǰĺˡ
⻰Цݸˡ
˳һһλλţλһλһλս˵֪˳µóǸ檡Ҳūͣôɲܰƽ㣬ū
һţͷЦһ¡λƤӣʱҲͦġ
㣡Ҷ汻ĻӶڶ
ʱһλվסҶ棬֮򼾷ࡣ
ҼҴ󲮵ľʲôܲܲ׵ؾȥ˰ɡ
ؿһ˵˵֢ΪүȻ顣
⻰ϾЩˡȥҵĺպҪλ䡣
˹ҵĴţɿż࣬˵ΪʲôղŲ˵
Цˣ˵֡ռԼԼ⣬оݣҲ˵ɣ㡣ֻ˳ͷ˵ҲŶΪǸˡ
룬ԼҲЦˣ⻰˵ûû
лɹֶż˸
ܲ𡣡æܿлңպٴ˼ԺǽС
ǻǶллɡҲЦˣǽô 
ҵ飬ôˡү֮󣬹˸ūס֮˾űӣӼֻ֪֮󣬹ǲһѾţֻ˵һлˡ
һ仰˵ܲζ⵽ǲ˽أԥ˺ܾã׼ȥʦ̫үġûó鵹š
ʲôŮװ輧סݣ⻰ӶҪˡԼ⣬Ůװȫ¶ˣ
һ죬һѡл˵ԪᣬҪŮװԣ˭񡣡
һ߰۶췭ȥˣ⣬˭ġ
Ϊʲôɲģʵ
¾ᰡл˵ָָڲԶʯɣңģҲ񰡣
̲أʵ
̲һɷģ𣿡л˵̲סЦˣȥȥ
ɸ໥˿ε·ˡ
ɿɫ̰̲ס̾˿ûŮװˣϵ鷳īȹ˰쾢ŰѴϵãһ̧ţԼԼ˸ͷ
ǱҲһæңĵֲýһ˾˺üѾߣԭȫǰǴ·ġ
˰쾢ŤŤ˳
лԴһˣϵЦضزס
̽ɣ濡ΰлԸ̾ȻҲԣǵױȲԪΡˣ
һͷ
ʵҲѹ֣ΪԼ沿Ӳʣ軭üë޽ǡ
ʱһߣζӳ¡ǸﰡŮװȻȲһӣ˾ģؼҪһõࡣ
лҪ˵ࣺҲŮװ
ɣҿҪ
ģʮ

 25 £׽棩

һգഩһɫĽ̰ѻɫȹһٺ٣һ֧ҡϴ׼ĴеĶ׹ӡΪߣ͸ˣ⣬źΣǸӽοɰ
һţֵ˵˺ɫû
߰ɡɤ˵
лԸһţϵЦݲضزס
˵лԶо֣Ҫ¶ǽôִһ˫֡
෭˸۸һţмֽζ
㡣лֿɣԪõ˰˳˵žͺãʲôλͷ˵
ǡҲӦˡ
ʱ̷˾ķ˾Ҳˡ˼࣬´һ֮Цˡ
λǰǵĹﶼȥˡ
һʱֲ⻰ǰǱᡣһƫͷЦͣݺݵһۡ
Ѿ˴ˣžʹأǵķݣ񲿵˽úԺֻи輧ΪҪѿԽȥͳûȥѰѰ˾͸Ͻл˵ʱ˾һ㻻װ
ǡ๧ӦˡΪûѹɤӣ˵ôŤлЦ뿪ˡ
һܾúЦһ·̲סῴȥ΢紵ڵӣһͷܿһضǸŮһ㡣
ݡɸ񲿵ȥԺ˾Ÿ輧źԺȥ
ĵʹ˴ĮĹէӵĸ輧ǣһʱɫĴ
СǶÿһӵĴɫеؿż̲࣬סһ¡
಻˵һֵһۡ
СǶͦ
Ǵ˵Ҫ֣˾סˡ
λˣǽ̷˾ĸ輧¥ݡ˷һЩ
ҰïţʹأǺȻԣ÷
ǡǴȥ
ֿ˼һۣ/÷·Ҫ·ǹһ㡣಻ɵһ񺮡
롣أ˵
ɵͷһǱȥɿһۼ࣬ͷŷġ
ŷ˾ȥݺԺŸ輧ڻѣŷ˾ʹ˸ɫĵ˳ȥ
л֮ǰݵͼ룬ʹţߵأסĵط
ſڣСɹ̫˯ˡ࿴һۣȹӣŵ˹ȥ
ȹ̫ˣవ롣ƿţֱӱŶߵ鷿ȥˡ
ĶأߵǽĹǰĺӣʲôûУ㶣ȻԼˡסĶˣأǿ϶Ϊ鷿ȫţġ
鰸ǰȻһ淢˰˳šһۣʹ˻֮󣬼ֿͼϸϸؿһ飬ȷסˣСطźá
Цһ£ȹӾȥ
ȻԺﴫ˵ԥһ£һ㵽ҵĹ
һ̤̤ĽŲ
ˡһֻ
ʲôأǵ˹ֲǵһˡ
Ǵĸ輧ϲһƯúأ
ΣüšСģ
ڹ޴ζȻ֪ݵĶǺȻ޴ζأǣҲǺ
һǹתתǧء
Сĸţʵأ˵˵ԴǣֻϧЩطƭˡ
ˡֱǹﺰ˰˸أǶ·սĺŽǣ޴ζøӼҡ
ڹ࣬ĳЩطҲܿơ겻ʮֵ꣬ģҲǸͬԷһЩӰˡҪ֪¥ݶûȥ
Ҳһ
ʱ
ʲô£أǵУһ㡣
ˣǱһֱȥĶ
֪ˣϾȥ
أ˵ֵ꣬Ǹﴩѣ߳šֵһƿӵţ˳
ĨһѶͷϵĺż첽߳ݡ
߹ȣͿǰӰ
룬ŶȥǵãǱӦǻ͵ĵط񲿵ˣӦöǱߡͷΣ·Щ졣
ǰ˭
Լˣæȹ
ɸոո³Ϳ༱Ҵҵ˹
ôˣʵ
ұˡ˵߹
Ѿˡ
˵ְ꣬Ѽڻ
͸𣿡˵ȥҷ˾㻻һ
һ㶣˺󱳶סˡһ£Ȼɵ˼
˾𣿡ɵļѹõ͵͵ġ
Ǵ䣬һ̷˾˾Ҫǿɼ߿ͷ
˲󱳶ವģĵһƤ
á˵⻰ԼҪˡ
ǾͲ˰˵һ˻ӣͷָðˡ
š˵꣬ŶĻסɵ㡣
˶ˣǰλţ˲ɣֲƿֻļ˵͹ȥɣһ𡣡
Ǳ߹˿һɼһ۾ˡ
𣿡ʵ
ˡԷһҪٵһ˵
˱ƣһҿ˿ŷſż֡
߰ɡ
л˵꣬;ûڣ§§ܲˡ
˾ò࣬Ǳ߼òСһͬ˽˿
ˣɻˡ˾˵ٲҾҪȥˡ
·顣
Ѹղŵ򵥵˵һ¡
ð졣˾˵һҲöǸϳˣ˵Ƣˡ
ͷ̷˾Ĺмĸ
Ͽ컻Ѱɡ˾˵һװһʹ󷽷߳ȥ
ɼˣҲæ˻ȥ
ϴжױݣ¸˷ڡһߴ·һŸղŵΣûɣѲġ
ߣ뵽ղŵξһһƤڽŸȥҲ֡εãһ˱סû֪ҪȻպҪҪˣ
ɽûãҲߣ˶һۣӶԷ۾￴˲ڡ
¼ȨС˵㣬Ҫ¶ˡ
õͺá
˵⻰ͬʱǰ濴ȥʱ˫ٶˡ
лҪ˵ǸϷ

 26 

ɻص£ͳ˻żݸлԡлԽӹֱӾס
ζ»顣˵ҪȻǱҪһࡣ
ŶлЩ档
һ߻ڣɫĽԾغ뵽һ£˶ڵģ·һֻ˵з࿴ȥЩЦʲôúߵġ
һͼ˵Ҷסˡ
죡л˵Ͻ軭ȻϳҴ룬һֱͼٸֱǡ
һӶ͡ɴǰ˿ļԿãֻôһȻȫˡ
л԰Ÿͼźãڶճʸʵϲơ
ţҿ˳ôƱ硣
ʵۡл˵ʱд
֪˾ٲɽ𻢰ˡ˵̾˿˽Ϊݺ̫Ӹ硣ʵ滹а˳ֱʣֻȥ̫ˣ˳Ͱβɨһɶ
ǰ̫汻誹ݣ˵֮¡֤ȷ䣬̫ӰٿĪ磬ֻԼס
ȴףʱ̫У̫Ӹ˾٣Ϊ˱ȫԼδĺӡ
ʵۣأ
лԾԼСӣܵʵ۴Ϊʼûˡ̫ȱ
ôأ̾˳գͶڰԾɲʵң̫ӸʹҼãҪѺϤ鰸
лû˵ֻǰ
СӸ¿״Ԫĸʺϴְλʵ
л룬˵΢Ϊɸʤһ
ŶüëΪΣ
С̼ҳȻʦӷңֳ̫ĵӣ߲мٳϵƣҪࡣΪ㡣̾ϵһЩ
л˵̧꣬ͷ棬ּ˵ȥ
ҹȻʴϵĹϵܱǿ̵ġ
ͷ˵ϸ
ǡлӦ
䣬Լڸ¶鷿갲˳дʹţû鰸ˡȻ
룬ʷ֮ǰѹӶϱȸһ˵
أǻص鷿ÿһطҲ˳żĬһ֪׼ǽձˣ֪͵ˡ
أȻô³ʵ˼ϸ壬ֻԹɫ⼸ʱȴǡǡǸ˳ֵĺʱвľ͸˼ˡ
ʣд˸裬ȥ˵һұû֮ġ֮ϸһ飬ȷû⣬Űĵ˯¡
ңϴ֮ȴôҲ˯šռһ鶼ƽЩ̫˳ʧ˷֮ģպҪһЩźá
һݣڼ￴飬˵ˡЦЦСѾͷڹôʹסأ
˵ǰЩӴŮװţ˵߽鷿ѻû¡ҿ˸˵ȹﻹΣ
ֵİ˵Űŵ鰸ϣһΣڲ㿴ˡ
ߣӣǰְŪ鰸ϰŵġ
ôˣ£쳴Сһ𳤴󣬶˽һ
ĸҪѡ˵ЩҶϲ
ϲʲôģ൹˱쳣˵
룬˵Ҳ֪ġ
¿״Ԫأʵҿ̬ȿ˲ͬ
ɣͷż࣬ûоú죿
죿룬ð
һʼֻúÿˣͳֻӡҰӸʱ򣬾У·ǸϤϤˡ
˵꿴żࡣ
Ĳô𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ҿСѾͷǼ˼ҳúÿˡ
Ųأ˵ҾǾһ
µô࣬мġҽôһֱҲδ֪˵δǸ⡣
˫°ͣĵ̾˿
ϣδǸ󽫾
ȥʵ˵࿴ﻰӿˡ
Ҹĸ϶ͬ⡣쳹˵ǾòȣǺж־ķսģɲж
һ쳡
⻰ǰȥˡΪһıߡ
ϰ֮ˣϰ֮ˡ쳸æûҲ
ǹƲܡ˵ǵΨһĹʵۻʺȻϣһƽ˳죬޸Ҫյ¡
죬۾תһ£˵ȥ칫ɣ
칫ӽȥҡ˵ֲҼңôȻţ˼һôأ
ǳȥɣ˵Ҷþûȥˡ
ҲС˵ָָ鰸ľڣЩҶҪġ
ȻȴҲ֪ڲǰ
ǺðɣҴȥ˵꣬վ
쳵ıӰ֮ǰĻɣȷʵͦġãĺ졣˭أ
ң̫үǰˣЦ۾ˡ
֪Ϊθȡֺ£
¿ꣻʱҲ£֪Ҳ1˵
и֡أȻƷԸ߽࣬ȴֱ֪ۣȡֺ£㺬͵һЩ̫˵꿴ɵ۾𣿡
ǹ£ʵ
㴦úܺá̫˵ǹûǸڰ˳檵Ĺû˸ұٵġ±ûʵ֤ݣҪģǹҵļҲ˳ҪǴȨơţֻ飬ֲȥ
룬˵ˡ
Ҹ̫ү緹ѹ𻨾ƣȵ㡣
պæҡ̫үžЦе˵Һڡ
ɸӦһ̧ͷͿ̫ſЦеվšһ£̫ү˸˵ʦǺǲܹ
̫ү뷴Ȼ飬ƫͷȥָһɣ˵С˵öԣ
һһСЦֻСһ㣬ǵ̫ҲȤүСͽܣ˼
ɣ̫ү̫ˣ˵СΣ
ǸˡۼҺӻǲЩ̻㺢ǸúӣĸͲ˵ˡ
е̫үź˵
أ˵ҷڼ̥ȹһƷ̫˵Ҿϲ˿ڼ򵥣ңҴˣү۷ˣڽǳġ
Ҳá
ʹߣ͵աµڣ˾ةʩӳĶӣ¥Ժ

 27 £׽棩

Ȼֹȥ¥, ǳļǲġδˣв, ϳÿ, ǷڻԺҶܾȡ
ʱ֣Ƴϡ¥ʱȴֳôһ׮, Ժ裬ɫЩѿ
뼾˵˻Ժ޹ص£Ѿ뿪˻Ժڳģֻмλ輧һûʧɫ, ӵ֣̲ס
ȥ˵꣬ǰ
ɵڵ, ָ˼צʬֱӲͦɱһ, ̲סһһС, ȵһ飬һ
ġһס, Ҳ, ʬɡ
ɵͷǵٴ, ǵһμ״ôֲôܲء
ǰȷ˷Ƥֶʬϸ鿴һɸҲûţ˿ʼѯ䵱ʱߵĹ
ӵʱʲô
һƯĹﺬˮ֪Ǻ»ġͷ룬˵ʱоū³ۣѾ˺üΡӺģūơ˭룬һȥӱͷζģʹ̡ūֻǺƣ˭֪Ȼأ֮͡
ǹ˵˵žͿˡ
֪ʲô࿴
ͷ˵Ǯж
Ǯӣ֮ǰϿǮӵĽܣͷӦôˣ֢״ȫԵϡ
׽ַֻԸƣӦж
һԺ˴Ӻ׽һֻ˰ƱʣµĲоƹȥûһǺӾͳ鴤״κơ
Ѿȷˣھǲ֪¶˭˵꿴ɣкθ߼
û˵ϵľƺϸ˿ƺҫɣз̣ǾӨ֦ΣǾ
Σʵ
һ˸ӣ￴һۣ˵Ȼһתĺ
յߣϸؿ˿ֻиǽһΪÿö¸Ƿסڶ¸ǵһͨͨͨϷһ롣1
ɼͷ˵ʱֱϣŪܲڣġ
˭𵹾ơʵ
ūҡһɴĹվ˳
µģʵ
ǹԣͷ˿ԼĽż⣬̧ͷ
ҡ
Ϊʲôʵ
ΪʲôǹЦһ£˿ɻǵǰֵ÷зǼ飿
룬˵ĸ輧ʲôˣ
ҽ㡣λ˵ָ꣬ʬҽأұմĥû¾ͱĥˡȥ״ʹ֪ͨ˵ҽūֻ֮¡ףҰܳӿͣһ£Ȼɱҽ㱨𡣡
ȥɡӻ˵ⰸӶϵ˳˳òȻ
Ǹ輧ߣʼࡣ
鲻ô򵥰ɣ
Ҳôõġ˵ʲôʲôıȰѰӽ˵պеʱ顣
ɵͷ⻰е
߰ɡûʲôˡ˵ɵļ򣬡ɫҲˣһȥ¥÷Ҽҳ¥и䡣
룬ؼҲ£ȵСƣԼĲ״໹쵽زɣʲô򰡣
ð
˻شְ֮󣬾Ƶ¥ȥǺ䲻ȡģ֡
ҳʲô飿ɱ߱ʡ
Сӷǰ滷Ժͷӻؼҡ˭֪ûãͷƾˡ
ԣ˵ǺαأԺôŮ˺𣿡
⻰Цˡ
»ᣬⲻ֪޲檣檲澡ô֮һŮ˾ˣܻġ
ɿ˵ҿţҲ檡
㻹ᡣ˵˵ҺùأʵʱȥߵլƣЩҵҡ
Ԫô˽⣿бۿһۡ
ӵܴһ𳤴˭ҵ鲻˵ŶǺõģʵأﻨӶ١Ҹ˵ӷӣôأ
ɰһۡ
ԪĽСӡ
ǰĽˡ˵Ҫ
һ죬˵ŮӻǼѡ
µͦġຬЦ٩
иá˵ھˮִУܻˣʱ򣬻֪ܼ޸ʲô˼أ
˾Ϳˣ߶޾ͺˡ꣬ɾͿԻŮװˡ
ñСꣿʵ
һߴ󡣡˵̥
Ǻ񣿡
ȷʵͦġ˵̲סЦˣһˣôܲء
ϸֱë
ʲôأʵ
Ӧͦÿġ˵
ǡɽͷÿˡ
˵Ц䣬͵¥
˵ˣ롣˵
ҽյôһֻӻȥ˵Ժܾˣֻһֱ죬óԡЩӣտ
˵һûаݻأ˵
ЩҼҵܵóˣź¾ơ
ڴܵãʵ
ɵͷ˵óھˮ֣һиܵãȻˡ
Ҫһƣ˶ŷˣȻȴȥС˵ġ
ȥúϢ鲻򵥣պеæ˵ܾǸ輧ӦǱָʹġ
ҲôģҲ̫ʹˡ˵һɣ⻷ԺҲѲ˸ϵֻ֪ⱳ˭Ѳǵ˭ˣ
ҳЩ֮⣬˶ѭ浸ء˵
Ϊʲôأüͷ벻
ȱôˡ˵ȥϴ֮ú˯һգ˰ɣ
˵ˡ˵ˣһ˵ˡ
̲סˣЦָɵһƣ˵ٺȵٺȵ㡣
ɽӹѾƱŵߣһ˵ˡ
պУſžϰˡ
һھƸս⻰Ǻ
𼤶𼤶˵ǰɵĺ󱳣˵ʵ
ɿ˰ΣŻָż࣬˵Ԫ̫ˡ
ЦЦû˵ֻǵ˷Ӹ
ɲ죬֪أԼҲЦˡ
Цʲôأ
ЦԼء˵վ߰ɡɫˡ
¥˾ƵĿ˲ҵؼҡ
Ըչ˺ŴСߡ¥ܽ߼͵ˡ                        
лҪ˵1ժ԰ٶȰٿơ

 28 

ɻص, ͿС˴ŵܳ
ôˣɵľƣ˲ˡ
ع, ˷, ҸϽȥš
ȥ˵꣬ͽԺӣֱϷ
ү, ǰ
ڣȥ
ǡ˵˽ȥ
˲ոշǶԶˣЦ
ʲô˵, أط˯ȥ糿, ܼˡ
⻰˵ģʱ, Ҹô˯š˵Űѽൽ˸ǰ, ܳ𣿡
ЦŽӹ˵, ˵ô, 
ҲΪ̫æˡϴ֣˺һݸˡ
Ҳȥɡ˵Ѫġ
Ҹš˵ӹ, ֲȥ
ûһžˡүţЦйͽˡ
һ齴ӣ㡣
ˣ治ż˵ǰѾ߷
үţʱ̣䴫һͱС޳
ϲүǸСӡ
үɴϲŲְСϸ˿
ɿźͮͮͰ͵СޣʵЩ䲻ڡ
СӶվͺÿˡ˵
ɿԼҵүҲͷΪѵˡ
˿ɺãүʵܽȥ𣿡
˺ء˵ԽȥŶʰˡ
ү⻰νžͽ䣬ÿȥ
ӿСӡ˵ŰС޾ٵɸǰȻպܱÿǾԼܵܣպԼЩӣøȢϱ
Сһǰһ£Сһ۾Ȼûȴһ졣Цˡ
裬Цˡ
ɼӸСͶԵЦ˵ܾܵͻȥ˯ɡ
ɵͷңʱ򣬿ɲȥš
˵úϢվͲ밲ֱȥˡ
صԼԺӣĵ˵ܵܣԼڴٴ꣬ʱôҲǸ⡣ţԳЦЦôأЩʲôɽǰ·
ңԽԽϲӣؼҼˣҪӦһʱ䡣
ڶգõʱ϶Цġģ̲סʵ
ôôˣ
˸ܵܡ˵Ȼ̫ÿǣͦɰġ
ϲϲ๰˵ֵܽڶ࣬ÿֵġ֮ǰһû˸һֵȷʵЩį
˵䣬л˽ҵľڡ
ȥԺ顣л˵˵λ輧Ͳ֮ǰ檵á
ɸһۣȻǲ²һ
λ輧أʵ
ˡл˵ǰգؽ֮ʵû˶࿴ܡҹʱ򣬲ŷѾָ̽ˡȫˡ
⻷Ժǿɽȥһ߽ӻһȥ֪Ϊҵİġ
Ǿ͹ȥ˵˵ҪˣܿЩߡ
Ҳֻˡл˵¡ԪһȲǮӴġ
ǡ
ɸൽ˻Ժʱ򣬹ǻûƼʶλүҲҵæ˵£ֶ˲衣
λү簡ŹǷ˹أҲץˣ֪λʲô飿
λ赨ӿ󡣡˵Ȼ˯š
迴һۣ˵˲ɱģָû̫ĹϵΪʲô˯ţλү˵ǹģѲɻң
ˡ˵ĵˡ
跭˸ۣ˵ʲôЩ걻ųġλʲôҪʵģǲʡ
˵֮õ¥ֻһζȻʮȴɷ̴档
ɸҪ¥ȴ˴߽ϸһƣǱˣĻү˳褡ûʵȱ߻
˳ɸæȻûˣ·ϵõġ
˳ȴûЩɣӶɳˡ
λǣ褿򼾷࣬ôû
΢Ǵɡ˵
ϸشһ˵˵ˡ
΢ǽˡ˵
ˣʵ
͵͵ۼ࣬λ˳ôϸʲôظһҲ֪
ʮˡɹش
һ㶣˵ͳ˴䣬򵥰
үޡɻشò
ҵİӣֿ򼾷ࡣ
ǡ
˵ˡ⻷ԺͷƿǱá˵˭Ҳܾȥ
ס˵
ôǰԼСˡû뵽ȴ˼ɡֱɵĳྪˡغһǸجΣ˺ܶ꣬ÿһ󺹡
֪λɵ顣褱¥ʡ
ߵС룬˵ֻ֪¿״Ԫ漮ꡣǽĳ̡
룬¿һۣ˵ͷҪ֪й顣ǵҪء
ǡС˹Ӧˡ褵ĸ׺ֻܶҪհͺãԭôûбҪ֪
λ輧źСѾߡСѾ߲ʮ꣬ӵվˡ
֪ƼǮӴģ
ƼǲȥҩץġСѾ˵Ƽʱ٣󾭳ʹϰǮ󡣡
ԺƼ֮⣬˭һʵ
ū㡣СѾ˵նƼūӣֻ⼸ū㲡ˡ
أʵܷ
СѾߵͷת˳ȥ
һһõ˽һӡ
ūʵ
ǹͷ˵ūҡ
ӳ֮ǰʲôطԾʵ
ūȦһӾͺˣᰴ۽ǣ˵ôһʣȷʵһ׮顣
Ŷ˾
ǰգȾƣ֮Ҫ¥ȥժԺޱ֮͸˵ߴˡū˵
Ȼأɸæʵ
һֱ˵죬ȴ벻˭ΪۻҲδ֪
鲻Ҫ˵˵˭Ҳߡ
ū˵࣬æͷ
Ǹˡū˵ԹǶܺá
ū䣬ط֮һۣû´ɱˣӦþײǸˡֻǣǸ˭أ


 29 

˳ȻԼ, µ˶֮䣬ӻԺ, дֽžѾ鰸ϡ
ϸо
, жӣǫɣǫӡ, ؽ꣬ͬݷҼΪʦʮţʮоˡԳСͯ
˳ڿʦӷҵʱһ¡ңԷ̫һ֮󣬾˾ӽ, û뵽Ȼ˵ӡĴĴָ滮һλͽҲΪɡ
һ, ۾͸ǰô, ̫, ǵһŶǷ̫, Т̫ӡֺſ, ϧֻǸֺšѾˣʲôأ
̫Ӹ, Сǿǣʿòˡ˵ȱǻʵ۵ĵճӡ
ȵţʮ飬Ȣ˵ʱة෶Ůۺӣ÷ʮ꣬ŵĳ档ʵ۴ϲʱΪ̫ӡ
ֹ˼꣬ʺȥʵ۾ͰŵԼ߽ΪȢлҵĴ̫ɷˡ
ֻϧڻʼңеĸ鶼ǲֵεġ
褺ȻЦĸԼȻʺó谮ͬʱƴشͷ硣Ӽν˲¼ɡټ̫ٳδУ̫ӵѹһһ
ڱҳ׶ˣ׾ӵݺȻƭţ汻־ΪԼҪǸλõʱ򣬷ˡٺ۵̫ӣʱѼе֤ݣš
ȵ۴󾪣ŭ誣Լĸۡһ£ȵּ꣬ڸ¶λ
ЦЦҿĸΪȵһͣ󡣿𸻹Ǹλòġ
鰸һֱеĻô꣬Լڵôһ졣
ûԺԸ
ǡ
ɻصңȥԺܵܡСһų죬˳Ծ˯żϼɤӡ
үˣЦŵݸһһ֧Ρ
ףǣ
ҽȥܵκÿ㡣ү˵ڻװʹ壬ȻָŮʹΡ
˫ֽӹϺõ֬Ķ
ףܹɣʵ
үЩɺǽų󣬳֮⣬ʱЩӽӲǮ
ƽնʵģôˣүʵ
ץץͷ˵ԺʡЩӰɡ
̲סЦˣָɣ˵˽ڣֲû˱ӣڵز
ǡԥһ£ֻܵܳǿɰպҪЩƸźȢϱ
ү̲סˣЦֱˡһźĲ֪ҲЦüһһʵġ
⺢Ӱ˵СÿңƤԽ죬˲Խ׾
ģɻЩ̫š
֣µصͷ˵Сһٿ׼ڲһ
̧ۿ˿ܵܣĵԼǶӰɡ
˼ı飬֪šŲֺ˿ˮֿ˿ڡ
Сʱ򣬻ܵأ
ɵɴ۾Լף˵ģ
˵ͷ
ɻЩ̫š
ʱҲ󣬺ʮ졣СرСèƵġҰһأԱ˾˯˯˾ͳԡ㵹ã޿֡ҾòŵߣҪ˵ҲԵ֣ܵλãңͲˡ
˵׵ߣϱʲô£ĺӡ
ҲԼ˺£ôĵĹ˵
˵ıӣ˵ǻֵҾ˯á˵ˣպܵҲô֣ҾͰŲȥ
а˵ûµʱܵܡ
СһʱȻһ£Ҳ֪Ǹ˻ǲˣôҹЦ
Сһӻǿ죡˵ֵӵСӡСһӻ֣ץסָ
ףܵϲأЦÿġ
һĿڣڡ
˯һˬ˴µʱ򣬼ӭ
ôû
ûС˵ܾԺ⣬ôĵѯʡ
ô죿һĪչ
룬˵ҪѻԺ˱͵
⻰һڣ뵽ҹ̽ҵĲʹ
ҿɲȥæڰ֣Ժǹһſô죡
Ƿ𣿡ЦŴȤ
෭˸ۣ˵Ҫһˣٱ˿ڡ
εץץͷ
һĪչ̧ͷӶԷ۾￴޿κΡ
ˣذɡ˵ţ֪˭ȥԺٲһ£֪Ǹ˭
Ҳֻˡε˵ǳҹӵ飬ȥԺ𣿡
ȥ֪ˡ˵̲Ѿ᰸ˣлִкû̲˻Ժ
գȻϲôȣó治١ɸڻԺϣʱʱؾҪӡ
ǷСӡ˵
ɵͷʾԼסˡ
ʱҹС
ֲˡ˵⹴Ĺһһꡣ˰ܲ۾һĸ˲ף
ŶһüԪ֪ͦ
ʵҼҷȥֵط֪˹߰¥̸飬ɿ϶ûȥԼôȥ
񡣡˵ֵһᡣ
ðɡƲƲ졣
Ժſҵһֱ죬½½ؽɴ˸Ƿ˵治֪صʲôʱ򡣡
ˣʵ
ɵͷ˵е㡣
̰ɡ˵ҪʱŲ
֪ˡ
ĵȻǳȥֵطˣʱ֪һ
׵̫ãЩˣվ;ýһʹһſɵϡ
ŻԺſ飬䲻һ£һ
ôˣæ֣ס˼ࡣ
ֻϧĽҲˣ²ȣ˫˫һԡ
ϣ̲סʲô
ſϣſɵļͷɽմɫԵƤ𪡣һ񣬾;һ㴫
𿪡
˼һѡ
Żæվ
ˣվûվȡ͵
¡˵Ҳӵ
΢һ£žúһ㡣
һֱ죬Ժû˽ˣŻؼҡһϣҶۻˡ
صңϴ¾˯ˡ֪أȻεɡ
ŸͷֱͦһֱšֱǰӰ
лҪ˵Ůأڽǲױģֻ֬۰ѶˡΪЩüë֣۾ĸһЩ

 30 £׽棩

ΪҪػԺ, л˵ڶÿһ㡣˶˼գǰѿ˹ɵ߰˰ˡ
ȥһաл˵, ˡ
ɸһ, ˶˿
ԽԽȣܾúˮ˳ŲӲֲȴܾòˬ
ȣʵ
ȡ˵
˽վͺˡలο
ɵͷȻӡ
㿴ָŴӻԺһˡ
ôˣʵ
ǰ˳ߵˡ˵⼸ҾӻԺ, ȴܲ˳
ϸƣ˵ǡǰ˳ĸ
˶һۣѲɸ˳йϵ
ֹһǸֻˣﻹŲٳʳ
˳ӦһֱڻԺ, 糿ų˵ĳʳǰ˳ϲġ
Ҫජһʵ
, ˵аˣ˯һ
áӦʹ졣
ԽԽ, ̧ͷ˿, ˵ҪˣǺġ
ֲȡ˵Ų˲ͷĺ, ⰸӽ, һҪл͡
áҲЩ̫࣬ˡ
ʱʵ̲ס, ǽż࣬˵һ
áոմ˸ڸ⾫
ɿǽ˯ˣһ߿ʱʱȥЦȻ̼ҵĹӣСҲǽʳسֿܹడ
Ȼֻڻӷ˹һѣֳɷɹȥ
˯ãȻöģʶȥץ
Ѳ˯˻ץӣúЦһֱӿ
ץץ䣬ӽ˯
̾
ȻɵĶ䣬ĶӨ׷˼ɫץ֮⣬һССĶ
ʲôϸȥͷְ˳ӻԺ߳˲£ץɾһҡΡ
ѹ˵Ϳʳָ촽ָŻԺ
˵Ļ˳żָȥȻǰ˳
˶һۣзˡ
ǲǵãӳµĵڶ죬Ǿ˳ˡ˵
ɵͷ֮Ȼ򼾷ࡣ
ˡǵʱΪǴģȴû뵽ѹڻԺûгȥ
û˵¶иϵ
㲻׵ȡ˵˻βӣˡ
ȻȥϢһ°ɡ˵ԼӣԡȻ˯һһϣ˶ˡ
ҲԼӣȷʵζ̫ãͷʾͬ⡣
һ·صңӶɵĶʲôѲɣλǸ
صңԡ֮ͷǣɻشȴ˯š˼Ϊʲô˳ڻԺɵ顣
׻̫ˣ˼ʱѾ⡣
ʲôʱˣЩ¡
عӣʱˡŮ˵
˸´дŮ·
ЩڷԸ绹Ҫá
ǡŮ˵֮󣬾ȥԸСѾߡ
ϴ֮֮ǰ顣⣬Ҫúù۲һɡ
Ҳһ˯ͣ˴ʱ򣬼ѾȲˡ
ϢûãЦʵ
ͷԾɶϿȥȻǸѾˡ
Ȳ衣˵굹˱ݸɣϸؿ˿֣ȷʵһҪࡣ
ʲôأɺʵ
Ǿúµֺϸۡ˵
Լ־ٵǰ˿˵֮ǰҪϸ۵ġǳ̣֮ǰҪĸףȻԳҪ˽СÿƥӣҶġֲ̫ˣݻеġ
ԭˡ˵ʶˡ
˼䣬лˡ˸æ֮ǰ㱨лԳһ£˵ȲҪȥ㱨˻˵
ǡ˸æӦ
ʵлԵĻ㱨Ȼŭ
ϸȥ顣˵޵Ҫ˳ٸʲôȻʸһ֧˽ô궼޷¡ҹӣײʲô˲õ
лԼһƢŭæӦȴܲ鵽а˳ֱʾѾܲˣŲȥ֪Ӻ֡
ԼӦ뼾࣬ˣܲЩʲô
ص£л԰ѻʵ۵Ļתǡ˶˰ۡҵԺǽԷԺĴſԶףǣ˳ȥõġ
żл˵ܻġ
һ仰ǵ˼ࡣܻġ⻰׽ŴǾһ˿ЦݣǸܿġ
뵽ʲô𣿡һʵЦôġ
ŻûУҵǾÿԴӴǸūĸ輧֡
ȥԺȥԺʵ
⡭һ͵û˵
ߵģλ浱档
ܿ죬͵ԪڡΪɵݣֳʬڽţȵŮװźᡣԣÿʱ򣬶Ҫȥӱ߸ֳһյӵơ
Сʱֳ档ʱر˾ͿޣֳĵغǱϷǸǸ߸Ǹʱǰ
ںӱߣźӵԽƯԽԶﲻɵøֳ˵
֣˸ܵܡȻ̫ÿͦɰġģһԺȢϱУ֪ҾȻǵӣҲû뵽ɡأǾҵ
˵˵ţĲЩ
ʲôأ
Ȼӱŵһ飬ЩԵ
Сġһסĸ첲
ĺݣవ룬һⶼûС
ǰ顣˵
˭źӵأ࿴˳ʵʵһֱڹ۲ɵı顣
游˵ǰôص
游
ɵͷ
Ȼĸϲң游ϲҡ˼ȥ磬Ҽûؽֻ꣬һյӵơ
ͷ⻰Ҳû
ʱԶʧŵ˺ӣһɧӱ߱˼ˣ¿ȫˡ
ġֻסɡ
⼸£һӳ࣬ɸ߳һͷ
лɺȻЩ⡣
ȥɡ˵һ˾Ͷˡ
á
ɸֿ˼䣬ŴС뿪ıӰ̲סЦˡҿ϶λǸղײԼʱǰصĸоһ                        
лҪ˵ŮҲʼ

 31 £׽棩

Ӻӱ߻ص, һ·ǴЦġ鷿֮ǰ, ̲סһֱ̡ȻǸ, ̫ˣǸ⸱ģһߵĴīȴЩĻš
Ԫڣ˵Ŵ, СӴԺײʲôа˰ɣ
īǼׯͷĹǰ³󣬶, š͵ʿʱӣԥԥذָŵߡ
ӡī
̧ͷȻ͸оһָͷֱӴš
ʲô
һ, ȻѪ
ӴһžͿʼЦӿֱëīԪ, а, µķӣа
̲ס, ӻ, ˵˴ˮҲȥָһ£ôˣҧԼ֪𣿡
īһС̽ͷ, ɫ糣ͷ˳ȥŮȻϸףʱɰ
ܲɳϦദȻ˾Ǻǲ֪ȴԼǸɡÿһΣǳЦͷüÿЩãôˣ
һϣμԼȥ¥£ٻȴŮװЦ̵һӾʹģסɵ֣һȥҡ
ȵʱһƬʪ߷ߵػѣĵԼѲǸ䣿
ж֮󣬼ЩȸԾﰵ̽˲Ϣ
ҹӰʱһ󲡣ҹҲһ֮ʹˡƲ⣬ǸʱҴӣӦȥˡΪ˲õ֧󣬲ùŮװ
ɵӣ̲סЦˡüӢǴһ˿ǿڼҲǸ˵һŮװŸϴָҿƾ٣ĹıʵϲôɰȢ
뵽Ǿʹ궼ʮˣ˵Ҳʼ࿴ҹֲ֪ŮװҪãҲ˼ȥʣôأ
īˣżϲЦտɳüЩ档
ӣôˣ֮˺üˡ
¡˵Щ顣
롣ī˵Ӿţҡ
ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ôȢأЩꡣȻ뵽Լ֮ǰΪ˵ЩɵԼơôôǷ
СӻСҪڴ´ϼ꣬еǻᡣҪȰסҪףȻأһģɸǰԼ
ö⣬ת硣պʲô飬һҪԼһȺүǣɲϧ
ɻصң֪ѡ
ָָۡԼǰ
ɹȻŮҽ˵ӹǳɵ˼ҹʱˮˣŸոܿһҵӡ
֪һۣ˵Ҫʵ۵ȥŪˮһ¡
ˡɻӻ֣öˡ
ӿɵעأ֪˵߰·ײˡ
ġɺ⣬صĲӲͦᱻġ
˵ò֪ЦˣǰȻһ£ײһ£ˣ
ֲãɸ̾ںӱΪ˼һľײ.
ײˣ֪ʵ
ͷ˵źӵƵʱżСӣһ䡣̫࣬ûվȾײˡ̫ˣһˡ
֪գգۣ˵ûмӵţˤ𣿡
ɷ˸ۣ
书˵ǿɣǻǻһЩġȵúܣվסԣԹ˵УںӱߺúõģҪңһЩ͵˺ȥˡ
ðɡ֪ѣպע㣬Ͳһײƽˡ
֪ͷһ¡
ϴ֮ɵϣԼպҪעһЩЩ̫˳ˣЩɥʧ˾衣ܵѾˣټ꣬ͿˡȻڵڣǷ̫󣬱ˣ롣
Ժûͷ¾ȷŵһߣѾ֪ǰ˳Ĺ
һգڿڣл˽ָ࣬˵ȥˮ
һ㶣̧ͷлԡ
лˣҼҾסˮ﷢ʲôˣ
ˮסһУ֪лʵ
룬˵ϡ˵βסһλУ
Ǿˡл˵⼸մӼôûؼҵ·ϣǱõ򵽼򣬾Ǳײڵϣոأשͷžԣ˹١
˰ϮһУΪʲôʵ
Ҫ֪˻ȥʲôл˵Ҫٷ˳ȥݾߡ
ɸˮңѾԼԼˡˣЦǽ
Ҳ֪˭СжҡвˣһſڣŹŹֵֹġ
ǵˣʵ
룬˵ûа
ӣʵ
Ҫ»أ˵Ӵ򲻳һƨ̲˸׵̲˶衣
ɲûסüëҲȻãͳ죬û׼˿λ˳ۡ
ջȥ𣿡ʵ
ȥֻ˸ڣûʲô¡
ؼҵʱں𣿡
룬˵ǿԣأƼҪȻܵŻͷٰǱ¶ˣ
̲סˣϻųЦݡһߣ۾ҪֱˣЦÿ
СǾͲʲôʱȥˡ˵
ۺӣͷʾ֪ˡ
ҹӼ䣬ųҵĴš
ǰҼңҪҪȥָŲԶԺ˵ȥȿˮȣͷ
аæӦˡȰݻһҸĸȡӡ
ɼӦʹ죬һ¡ǾõԼſڣ䲻ʣ˭뵽ҲʵڣȻͬˡȥȥ¡
СѾˣΪסûȡֻȡ˸зū
ŷū˯˳տ˱ӣŮ˵Ӵſ˹ˡ
롣ЩȸԾǹˣҲ˵
ҵԺȻ󣬵Ǹֺܺáүϲ¹򣬲õú¡
ҷˡൽݣظ˸
ףǰˣĵλ²ǹﳣһλ濡ΰ


 32 

, ԽԽϲĵλãֳÿ, ү, ǿһ׮
СֱЩˡңҲûһٵġ£뼾Ӷ˿Ϳ˵
, æվ˵˷ġ
Сӣ϶ԼĻҪ˵࣬˿ӣǾȥԺӺȲɡ
˵һ۷ɨȥ, ᡣ
ӣ롣
һߵŴ۾󿴿ҿʲô, Լû˵ʲôôüԼԺӡ
ȥɡ˵
, żൽԼԺӡԼǸ, Ҳ뷿, ָŶߵʯ, ˵ȣǱߺˡ
á˵ߵʯӱϣȥ֮, Ȼʲô̧ͷɡ
ûб𣿡
Уǲࡣ˵ʱû뵽Ҳûд档ôȣӶֻüʡЩáūСÿղҶţֲܶϡȻȣǰղڼңϲŰڱ衣ȵúܣǰ˱Ҳˡ
ʯǼβϸ΢紵OO@@졣
Ҽбѡ˵͵
ͷԪˡЦҼҲûʲô׾죬̸Ҳ棬Ժ˹
⻰ǳˡԼǲǴԼӡͦõġ
Цʲôأɺʵ
Ц𣿡ԼȻЩ̣ǾԺӺÿ
ЩͷԣԺӺÿʲôϵ
ʱŮŲ˹ӵ֣Ҫ漾൹衣
ˮ̣߸첲סɡ
գգ۾˵ǿˣô㵹أ
ʵﻹ˵òҵɣ
ǳ̣֣עŵá˵ţﵹ˲ˮ
һߣ˵鿴һΣˣҹûأλӣƳǸ۽üҵ⣬ǲضزסˡ
лЦŽӹ΢ЩӲ
ʱĻèԼֻСè˹
أèܵɽ£ͷ˲ȡ
ְѻè
һ߿ȣèͷ
ɰ
СըСתԸѾֿ֮򼾷࣬ϲһֻҪҪ
ģ˳ֳڵϼһŵСèֻɡ
Саֻġ˵Ҫú
Сè֣һ£һֻ˿ɰСèа
ֻʲôָָɻֻ
н˵ָָֻڻֻаһֻдʥ
֡һ£ͦ˼ġ
ʱСѾߴӳС㡣ϴ֣һιè
ôô졣Ц˵֮ǰǿ̲ŸŪôھͽˡ
ָֺܳܰ𪣬ͷè˵Сӡһ߿ţֻ޲Լֻèϡ
һ߿ţԽԽȤһһҪϸ˵˵⼾ӣҹ֡
ιһ㣬ɲ־Ͱѻèŵ˵ϡ
èҪҪǲ͵ʵܲôش¡
ǲ˹á˵лˡ
ʲôúС˵ֻر̣˭֪£ʼˡ
һúġ˵֮˸⡣űèÿһЩ
˺˼裬΢ЩһЩ̧ͷɫ˵߰ɡ
Լһûֲ˵ʲôֻõͷӦˡ
˼࣬첽ͻԺ۾صˣæѾߡ
ôʵǲǶԼкøУ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣο˵ˡūղһţǼӣԼĪƳǹˣϲۼҹˣ
ģЩȣСģôᱻƳأ
밡ۼҹﾭһͶ¶˼ҿһңһ˾
˵ͷ˵е
ûǼӿǹ񣬰ϣ͸Ƶġ˵
أʵܾ⺢ӿ
ǹȷʵûϡūһţҲἾӡˣǹﻹ˼һֻèأ
̫ˡ˸˼ˣֻǲ֪һ᲻ͬ¡
Ϊʲôͬ⡣˵ǹƷò˲ãۼȻǸŴ󻧣ҲǸе˼ˡ
룬˵ҲԡҼӲǳӣҪֳȥġǳΣҲڸġ
ţһӦֱ׳
һļױСܵڣͲׯӸ̣úÿ˱ӣϢõĸڿµץˡЦ˵ۼǸҾͲŵ֧Ǳ߻Ҳ硣
أҲͬھ͵ǹ￪ˡ
˱ܸˣ⻰˲Ϳˡ
ϣ»ҪЩʱգСӽ궼ʮ˰ɣҲ֪Ȳȵˡ
ūţǸԼġԼ
Ըɡ̾˿Щȥ㣬ҵúúøԵ
ңϵЦûȥһ߿˰죬̲ס˿ѯʡ
Ԫʲô°
һ£˵Ҫèˡ
£Ҳ̲סЦˡ׸ֻèʱЦñء
˭ʵܺø˵һ
ԺĹ£š˵
ɵͷʾˡ
үո̸⣬صҵʱѾˡ˻ڵͷһů
˵ˣصҡүȻЩ֣Ŀģǲزסġ
Ҳ¡˵ūղֳ˴̣˼ҲŸ˯
ճӣҪúǡү˵ūĸء
֪ˡ
šӸү߲˵
ȻͬţСȲ衣òȥţ˵СӶЩأ
ģСӲǡүһ̽
˵ʲôأһԼҷôˣʲô鿴ס֪ʲôʱ¶űӷˡôƯҪȢء
ү룬˵ҿһңҷ䡣ֻǲ֪ܲƵۼҡ
Ŭ˵ϵЩ
һһүæ˵Щۡ

 33 

ص, ֱϷ˼ˣæŮѷŵˮŵ÷ó
, 
÷, һڸоĺë׶͸ˬ
ס֮ܵߣۼҵı𣿡
Щͷԣż࣬˵ôЩׯӶб, 㹻ġ
ҽ˳·ȥͬżҺȲ衣ĻèֻСèӼСèɰһֻϾ˼ҵİðҪõ˵, ǽˣȥöණû׼ȫﻹиճ͵ĵܵ, ȵʱ򡣶ӾţһЩ顣
ʲôСè⻰ʱ, ۾дŹ⡣
ɫġ˵ֱȻһ, £ô󡣸Сëһ, رɰ
èأʵ
˼Ҽ˰˵, ֻǰ참ʱ˳·ȥȲĺôȥնӾǲԺĹȥӡ
λͬǲ¿״Ԫʵ
ͷ˵, û˵ܲأ
Ȼˡ˵ŵ㼾Ķͷ֪˼ҵͷûҪ
ɰ˵žЦˡ£ҵӡӦֺһЩ˰ɡ
˼࣬ԥһ£ְѴС͸Լߵİеǰ
ҼǵжһŮµõСӣһ̥˵ǲײ˼ӣˣ
пܡһЦŽӿڣǹӿɻû˭ôĹ
ЩҲڸ࿴겻ʣǼﲻʡأҲţȻ̼ңǼҷҲڳ١˵ЩӣЩ˵Ҹɶ˰ɡһ檵ģ˵ۼȢϱļﳤҶᣬʱ͵û
ǡʾˡ
ҶӣԼŮжҲм˫Ůүˣ֮ŷּҡĸ׸ֵܹϵãҪȢҪǿϱˡ
ңСӣ˵ƫһЩǵպҪֳȥչ黹ҪҸһЩϱźáССĲҪԼ̣ǿʤɾͷˡ
ڶգﶺū棬˵ҹµˡ֪èģЦ˾˽
ǼԺĹ¸ӡΪүڣ¾ͱڱ𴦺Ȳ裬һ˽
ūҷˡ˵˸񣬡ūҵľͺá
״ǰλܼӣ̸ֹһȣĵҵ͸ССĵӶҪǿࡣ
ﴧλܼӵ꣬ʮͷ룬˵꣬Ҫ࣬ҵģҿɲܽУͽɡ
ҡ
ˣ˵èҼɵԺҪһȺȿڲ衣ģȥȥ
ҵı˼˵У⿴˲ưҲǫ̩Ȼ󷽣͸߿һۡϾһūͣ߳ȥССҵĻҪһЩ
Ҽҷ˵è칫ӵİȴҼҹ˹ЩʡȥմӽЩ׼ܣиޣЩ
ʹá˸æ˵ӿڣǽ󡣲һֻèõá
ūڣֻǸԵɡҼҽׯӶбѣЩ飬Ƕʱѵ°ˣ治ֵôǮ
⻰Ҳûƴǡ
ǾͶлˡպлᣬҿɵŵл
˵䣬ŮͰè˳Сè˯𣬰۾Щãӿɰ
èÿҵ˵Ҿȸˡ˵ҼҷҲèģֻΧûҲ±ģгӣؿɺˡ
ǸáҲЦˣèҲи
˼ҹµģ˰ѱŽԼұȻ׼ǿһı飬˻ЩȡѲҶ֪ݣҪȻôôࡣ
ţԼҲЦˡδĸҲϲɾ̫ˡ
ԺСŮ˱ӣҵĻˣæ
ҵĽʱ򣬻ﻹèë޵СԴ˸Сﶼһ
ұСæ˵
ҵİСèԼһߣżʹ˸ɫ
˻⣬ҲСèͷ˵èȥԺӰɣ⵽èǶ
ͷֳղôڼңҪȥ棬ʱԡ
ԼıӰʧԺӿڣ˸æҵġ
Σ
ҵĵͷ˵˺ͨûΪ̻ԱҲūū;ư
˵ͷ˵أ
ҵ룬˿ڡ
жҲءȻۼңܿó˺ܻܼҡȻܶ඼µģǳ£Ҳǰ²ɡǵı
˵ͷͷˡ̼ҺʱȣȢһϱ
òǿסҵļ˵ʮͣȻΪողЩ㲣һ֪ŹˣüһС
˵ִ֮ӻͳһɰ
͸ūġūǿӣҲһ
ɨһۣɰģ֪ŵƱǲȱǮִ󷽵úܡҵҷ򸾸ãԺû߰顣Ĺº͵ǿס¡
ȻģšЦ˵λǷδĸҲ˵أ
ҵЦŰѺɰĵԼҲǽ˺˵Լͷӵģһһöˡ
ڴ¹ʱ䣬˳ڼôġ
һгˣɸһۣĸȥ
ûһһźɫ̴˸е¼ӡ
Ӧþˡ
Ϣظȥ
ߵƫƧĵطǸ˿첽ȥ̧еĺ󲱾ȥ
ġ
ɵǸһһӾˡͷһۣȾܡ
վס˵̧ž׷˳ȥ
һ£Ҳæȥ
Ǹܵü죬˸ͲӰˡ
ܵǽڴûһҲ
أʵ
ָڣ˵׷͸ˡ
µġలο˵Ӧþס߲Զȥûӡ󡣡
ҲֻˣȻЩģҲûа취
ǺͳԼӡ
ɡ
ûϵС˵žͣȥԼӲˡ
һЩЦ׷̫棬ӵ˶֪ӣھԼ


 34 

ɲ꺹, żӣҲ, Ҳǡ
ҪҴؼ, ϴɾٸ㣿
ԥʵ
԰˵żġ
ȴźأˣҲ㽻ˡ
һ·߻ˮеļ˼ԺȲ, ǶˣЦžͿ˿ڡ
׽û
ûСҡҡͷܵͲˡ
룬Īң
˵Ŀңʵ
Сʶңʵ
ʶֻ˵ǵˣһ̽
һڲˮ, һǣ˵ǺȲ裬
ϸ, б뵽ҳưƵһԺӣֽߵ᷿ҵ޴ʵʵ, ֻ¶һֻֻӨ, ָϻ糤ָףޢȾͨ졣
һ, תͷ衣
ŵҼСүѾߡ˵
оЩЦ, ͨ˼ҵС㣬ûô
룬ְλӡ
֮, Բ顣ϸȥһ£̧ͷ衣
ҷأ
һ£ؿС
µøҷ˵˵
ϾҲǻ˼ңֹСүԺӣʲôô
ȥǰԺɡ
ʰöԼҩ͸ȥԺߵʱжʶػͷͼѩ׵Сϣһ˫εεˮֲۡðǸˣ˫۾һۣ²Ҫѻ궼ȥ
Ժ˻ˣУ˵ˣ˵ɡ
ԺǸϲ˵
˵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
֣һѾߴ˽˶Ｘ䣬Ѿߵͷתͳӣٻʱһ̡
Ǹ𡣡
ȥĸԪ
ʹʹá˵
΢΢һЦ˵ֻҪѽյ˵ȥ
Цžܾˡ飬˵ܻ©ȥģʱٿĪ硣
ǣ
Ϸţ˭һŲ֪
˵꣬һҩˡ
޷ֻ˰ͳȥ
ߵſڣĶԻ
˵˵ֶŮֲˡֻǣôСӵԺšһ΢Щϸ˵
㻹֪ôϷ˸СӶżңȴϲֶŮ˹ҹưСβ
оˣֻЦԼûнǼԪǺԺá
ȥգգۣ˵ͺˣ
ͷϵ˿ڣ˵ҪҲڣؼкţ
з˵ңżסеĻԥһǿ˿ڡ
ү͸仰żң𣿡
룬ͷˡҲйģһ£޵˼ģ
к塣һ˵
ǰЩ޿κΣż֪֮͸ס
ô˵Щˡ׷֣ظһŪˡ
գգ۾Щ޹
ⲻûô
Щ˸۹ȥ
߰ɡ˵
Щס
ȥĶ
ȻȥҰ˵ȥˣҾûвϵĵ
ߡ˵վҼҽ̲ϣҪ˼ҵĹе
һ˵ҡһ۷ȥ˾ةϻǰš
һžͿˡſӭǵģҵĹ¡
λȥԺ˵
ɸһۣѾ֪ˡ
ðɡ
˵棬Ժȥ
ŷ飬ˣʾѾ߰ӭݡ
үڽ⣬û˵ǶֱȣҲóֻ͡Ӵˡ
ǽΪιѾ֪˰ɣ˵
˵ͷС
Եһһ׮顣飬Ŀɲص
ԼֶŮڶӺԺ͵صˣʵ
Цһ£˵檱ƽżҹ޽ޣ棬Ժ˭ȥ
⻰˵Цˡһ߿˿ڣ˰ɲǿӡ
⻰˼һۣĵ֮ǰ˵֮һŮ˾ǻôֱ˿ǣȤ
ˡҲ˵ˡˣǴߡ̲ˡ˵
˸˵ʲôһѾ뿪ˡ
ղ⻰˵ÿɲ㡣·ϺȻ˵֮ǰ˵һŮ˾˻ᷳ𡣡
⻰ʱɵˡôôãⶼˣôǵô
ŶˡЦʲô˵ʲôԲԣ̫ǰЩӽҵġ
⻰˵ģüӦҲǣӦҲǡ
һ߿ϵ仯Ī⣬̲סЦˡԱ˼
౾Щ꣬ǼЦˣԼ
Цʲôʵ
ûʲô˵ǰָһ£ˡ
˰˽̲ɫˣȥ
صԼԺӣͿĽãСֶӶΧʯӸǰ
ʲôأʵ
硣ߵǰҵСèɰ
ˣ˵ſ첽ߵʯǰʯЩãȻİԺԺӿèԣ۸
塣Сֶӽ겻꣬èèɰ۸
ԡ˳ֶӵ㱧
Сһ⻰˵֡
ˡ
ɻصңȥԼԺӻѡһݣ;һһ£衣
ˣʵ
ǡڸ·֪˵ռǲ͵ġ
֪񡣿ǣҲôڰ˵˵һٰڣȴǱҲˡ˵Ҳǻѣô˷ѡǷūסȣɲܶˡ
֪ɻѣ˵СӣүҲģһıټ֮ǰġ㹻ˡ
˶٣
һʱЩ֪˵ʲôһֻèˡ͵رͰˣô࣬ڵǷˡ
뵽֮ǰǺ˼༸䣬ɺȻЩ˼ǿԼұĸԼҽѡˣȻһЩĵػǺġ

 35 

ɻڼҴ, ϴ˰׼ȥԺ
ʲô
֪˵Ŵӵϼһӡ, ϸ, ֪ⲻҹŵҹǰɫģһɫġ
ɼӣ֮ǰѼ־ʹϡһӾͺ, æ֪˹ֲ֪ôˡ
⡭һ£Ǳ˽ҵģҵˡͷСѾϴɾԺٸҡ
˵, ̧žˡ
֪ӣŪЩɵҹôˣ, ϵݻظԼ
룬ȥԼ߶߶֪, Ҳ֪ˡ
ֵͷ˿, ⲼϿã˳ϸ, ӵĽһ֧ССӡ
˭أ֪˵Űӷŵһ, ԼҲȥԺ֪·ĶĽСѾߣԼϴ˵ĺá
ɵԺ, ǺġΪȵˣæѾ߰÷
ɺһڣˡ
ף
ôʲôֵؿһɡ
ūʱճ̣Ǳߺߺɷ±ӣ˹ȥ
סɵЩȣܻܵԽԽÿء
˱⻰òǺţ߹ȥСذѷū
͸˵ʱ㻹ţ˰ɣ
ɵͷū棬һʱЩ
˼ԼҹŮı飬֪ʲô
㱧
˵Űѷūɡ
߸첲̧һ㣬ߵһ㡣
˵ָ£ס˷ū
ףܵܺһ
˵ţ첲ȴ
ôšЦ˵ССأǶҲס
ŷͷŷūСһ̧ͷ˴۵СۣЦˡ
иСȤɡ˵
ɱ߶ܱܵߵͷȷʵ˼
ܵܿɰ
㿴͵иС޲˼˼״˵һ䡣
ء˵ſʼŷūȻ֪ūЦͦġ
Сӹϵʵ
ҲرáһȥǱȽϤġ˵Ȼͦõġ
㻹˼˵˵ŴĶͷ
ôԼŮˡ죬Щ
СƷܺã֪ۼҴӽû׼ô˵Ժ˼Ұ참ϱ̫ˡ
֪ˡ
˵ѷūŻشϡ
ڷɣҶˡ
˵֮뵽Ǹӣ֪أֺ
һţĵ׼ǶԼе˼ˣҪȻʲôУôҴҵز⣬϶й
ӣͲһ㴰ֽ˰ɣ˰룬ȨƣʱָҲ㡣
ţֿɣͷСϻŪū̲ס̾˿⺢ӻûأ˵һ㴰ֽҪͱˣЩʱա
ùͻԼԺӡСèʱѾѾ߸׼ķʳԺﶢ׼ȥ
ߵţڻͽݡ
ӡСѾһ˵è
ûϵ˵Сһɾأ
ˣ鰸ĺӰɵóɫ½ǣһСС֡
ӦԼİɣవ룬幤̫һˡ
ȤצӾҪȥץ
ɲǸġ
̧̧˸գһż࣬Щˡ
Ȼ뵽սûã˿ڣһ׮߱İɿ֮󣬺Щ߷߲ƽ
ɷ⣡ŭ˵Ǹɷ򱩴ŴλȣٸȥˡأΪɷ򣬶ûа취Ƶɱˣ˸նɱɷҲᱻġ
൱ʱɣЩ죬ըëСèԼǴǸʱϲİɡ
ҹҹﶼ൱ʱЩΪԼǸ䡣ΪɶŸɣԼϲԼǴ͸ˡ
С
˳һ°š¿ɰˣըëצӾͳؿкֻϧèСһצȥ
ǰ˻񣡡࿴ŰЦ۾ˡ
˵ǰ˻ϲ𣿡Ѱʵ
ûֻǻ˻צӡ
ˣҲȥɡ˵ŰѰŵϣԼӷô֪ԼѾ֪Ůأ
Щꡣ
ڶգ֪ãԼϴùԺԸСѾ߶ű𱻷紵ˣԼȥԺ
ÿգԼСʰŮţæ
£ʵ
֪ͷˣӵ˵ˡ꣬Ц
֪ˣ±˵
⻰˵ġ֪Щ֣Ůǲµ𣡡
ԺӰɡ͸˵ȥ
ֻ֪ѣԺȥ
˼ˣЩȡ
ղϢ𣿡
ʹ˸ɫ˻⣬ˡ
˵ɡЩ档
յǰ֪Ļתһ飬ѹ˵ˣ˵ӻ᲻Ǽӵģ
룬Ҳе
ѵˣ
пܡ˵
ǣǶˣ᲻᣿˺ȻЩǡ
˷ġۼҹɲǲµĺӡ˵ʥ˲о仰𣬷ʲôţ
ֹ񡣡˵ҪҿɾͲˡ
ڣĵľɵĻ¡ŷū쳤Ҳ㻻ݡ
ϧȵɻؼҺ˰컰ҲûʳЩʲôЩʧŮôͲأ
˼գһŴӽ̺дɵġŶģһɵİ¡
˿˰£Щȡ̺Ȼ壬֪Լ˸ӣôµİ
һĿʮеذſ̲꣬סЦˡ
ף̺Ҫˡ
Щȡ
ҿɼǵ̺һֱš˴Ȥ
ǰôܡ˵һŸԺȰסˡ
˲֪ɵǷдУֻ˵Լ뵢̺˼Ҷײޡһžֻܾ̺࣬쿴۾˺üΡ
ʵԼд֮ҲЦ˵˵ƭ˵ĹûŮ˵黰Ů˵黰Ҫѹƭȥˡ
̺δ˭ʵ
Ҳʶ巻СӰ衡˵̺쾭ȥҼӣһȥ˸顣
˵ͷ˵׼СƷ̺Ҳиˡ˵ͷ˸ѾͷһݼױҵĸŮޣ˹ȥҪġ
ɱͶ̺ΣǸƭ˼Ҹ飬пҸ΢˿
ϣү˵ĻҲͷʾͬû̺죬Լҵܣǲزסˡ
̺ڽǧΣ˻šֿЦչ黹ûģָҽ˸ףպҲˡ
̺캬ᣬȴЦ͸ĿڽΪˡ
ᣬ˵칫ӵײǳǽԺӣպȢӣҲΪѣͦá
ֺ̺γ֪أֻô룬ܷŲ°ˡ
ףҳҲͷˡ˵һ£׺Ҿȥ
ҪѰ𣿡̺ʵ
ҡҡͷ
ʱʮ֮󻹻ţȥұȥģμ£ɼﻹǷŲ¡ˣҾȥȥ
ﻹ𣿡̺ʵ
֣˵ôһſҵСأ
̺챻⻰˵ˡ
ҪȥŸ칫ӣһѣʵ
ҡҡͷ˵그鲻Сͷһ칫ӾͲˡǿԣ칫ӰҸŵĵطͺá
̺ͷϾдţ˼ȥ
ɽţĵҲʲô¡ľǵТ̫ӵţ΢һ£Ӧþܴ

 36 

ճҹ, ȴܾùúܿ죬λƵ, ͵˰¡ʼתն, ȴ˼ܸ˵һ죬˶ˡ
Ԫأ
һ£˵һ䡣
й, ֻЦЦ˵ҿġ
ҪԵ㡣
ΪŲر飬ЩӶԼǺɫ
ͷɵıӰĵΪ㣡
Ҳܲ, ƽߵȥԽûţԼû˼ټȣǹɵشڹ, Ŷʺл̿ĥ˼
³ʮ, ȥ, һݣڼ, ˬ, ĸŮ˱СūΪСڼò趢š
͸͸ˡΪϣɲдɽɽȥ, ڼң˶Ҫƻˡ
Ҳܺãˣ˵ܵڻСѧ׾ˡ
ô˵Ƿūնûѧˡ
ҪѵڼЦŴȤ
ôУ˵֮ѹҿ˿øǰأ
⻰ЩЦá
ףҲ̫ļ˰ɣ
û˵ȴԼŮǲϡǿεСүɾҪˡңܵ갡Ҳ¼ǲãһȥǰһҪúһ
ĸŮ˵䣬͵¡ȻɮĶ࣬ŮᣬҲŮӡճװ磬ȻԺ͵Ժſڣʯ
£ôɣҲڡ
һϤһתͷͿ߻վһλʮĸˡ
λȻȥԺ㣬ѺţһǺӡλӦþǼҴˡ
Ԫ֡Цйֿ򼾷ˣɼˡ
˿ɣЩ㶡ϸ˿֮Цˡ
λɾ¿״ԪǺò
ɵ÷˿佱ɸæӿڡ
ɱҼҷǿ̫ˡ
˵꣬Ƽࡣ
ãͬˡ
ҲЦˣԵ֣ﶼ
Ҳ°ݷء˵
˼Ҷɡ
˵ۼ࣬תͷɺЦ˵úţȽȥˡ
׽µĴţԼ£ַԸСѾ߰ŵĲó
ǱߺȲߵȡҲ֪ϵ˰ݷÿҪݹġ
Ҳ⻰׽Ժûʱġ
˵ŰѲ豭ݸɣµõıݴζá
ɽӹһڣζȷʵ
Ŀȫ̾
ҲаɡǶ˾ͺá˵
ʱɽ߹һλŮɮһۣ۾ҲŲˡ
ɸ̸˿ûע⡣λŮɮֿɰΣĬĬˡ
µǵԺһɮȴų긾ڷǰŷ̴ζ
֨ѽһԺſˣղλŮɮ˽긾ûֻͣĶʵôã
λŮɮ˽ӹСѾߵݹӲ֣ߵ긾˸ǰ˵ʦ̫Ҹղſһλر̫ӡ
ΣǸ˴ͷķ顣
¡ֻΪ࿴һЩʱ䡣
ΣҲ
λ긾˵꣬վȥȻһŮɮ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪λֿΡŮɮ˵ôˣǻ᲻ٻ
ʦ̫ݣ豭һڣſ˿ڡ
Ӿˣ·һжֹһ㡣Щɽһ£˼ǧζʦ̫ģǰţ˵ɷҪˣѡû䡣ҵʱţǽǻûǸҲó˰ɡ
Ůɮһʱ޷ӻֻĬĬ
Ҳ֪ʲôʦ̫˵ԼЦˣֲʦһֱȣ˵ҳԵδˣ˵ˣ׻ǵ
Ůɮ̲סʵ
ʦ̫̾˿˵ʱǱ߱Ƶֽ벻̫࣬˭Ҳûϵλʵ֪ΣҲûʼˡ
˵˲ǱˣТ̫ӵ̫лʺл̵ý㡣
꣬Т̫ӱı췴ԾʾסлʱѾУˣ޲׷Т̫Ӷȥ
ɵż̫ԾʵѾЩڣ̫Ұ̫ھĲ
лȴţһھһ߰ԼڹˡҪٲʱ򣬴ӹ̥һһŮʱѾ˶䣬ûζ
̥˽л룬ͷԸĸϰ˴߲ҩ
̫ԥ˵Ӳá
ж಻ãлӨʵպܲⱲӣҲֻһˡϵþˣܻ
̫ҽҲ˵ŮŮãк誵жд̡
֪û취ֻȥ˾С
߲ҩֿ࣬лӹȴûԥһͺȸˡûһøʹϼ״æŽ
ΪǴ߲л̼Ϊ˳ҧһԣ촽ҧѪһᶼҪˡû誸ڣҹߵģӦþ̫ӡ
лڴϣԼ·һβˮ㡣ʪģ޴ʹĶޱȣ˭ΨһģԼصĺ
ʱţлԼѾŲסˣ۾Ѿģǰ㱼䣬˽
СǵĺӾҪˡ
ǰǵĺӣΨһѪøϽǰľӡ
лЦһ¾ˡᣬȻЦˡ
ڣ⿪ʼлһŮӤСӤ·ڸѾ˼ĸԼĵ
ϴţԼǰСŮӤϴɾٰãߵлǰ
̫˵žͰСŮӤлǰ
Ҫҿл˵ֵס۾ԭļƻȱƫð迴š
̾˿ȴҲ֪̫ȲѡͷСŮӤ˳ȥ
лڴϣŴᣵΣ˳۽ǻΣµʹӴͷĹóһӡ
ãںейɵذһһ¾ʹˡ


 37 £׽棩

ϰСŮӤƫ۾ߺ, ǿɰЦֶŪһ£Сһ۾, ÷ϵô
⺢ӿÿ, ϰ룬ͷֺճѾܿͦպ, ҲǸˡֻϧ˻ʼҡ
óţ飬˰СιСŮӤ˯ˣŰŵƫ֮Ӥ, ͨɵۣ̫Ϊ˼ǣŮӤûþˡ
ɵ͵õ˾̫Ϣ, һҹδ˯ˣǼ
кŮ
һ, ˵Ů, ͺܲãѾȥˡ
ɵ, Ĳ䵽, žһˤ顣
̫Ծ֮Ѿǳˡһ˰е̫ıһ¾˭ڵ, һ̫˸ޣ̫ǱԩģǸΪ̫û뵽ȴ
̫ǰεľӡƽ۰Լ鷿һ磬˰СŮӤ̫һԼţӣӦòµ˰ɡ
лѶЦһ֪ˣȻŭ̫ıڶĻ£ʲô壡Ĳ¼Ĺأ̫ôĸŮƽ
лھʵһֱûЪš÷ϣԼڹеλ
°λ裬֪ܷӦлڴϣɫЩ԰ס
뽲ȻлѾ޶꣬λԾǹеĳƺ
ֽ֮ƫ˯šл˵ĿǰƲλӶԱ˵лҡԣλ裬Զ硣
λסˣ໥˿
ã˵ǰ衣
Σл˵סǸ⡣ֻǡ
ͣһ£衣
ֻмҵȥˣпⱲӶزˡ
¡˵ĸͿҲ˳ۣѰҴңǼңҲûʲôϧġ
жӰл˵
СӱĸͲˡ
лͷ˵áգϻᰲڰźšǻῴҲ֪ĸС޵ġԼѡһȻԻǡ
׸ող廹˵˴ѾͷĿѣлϣ˼ż˿ڡ
ȥ꣬ȥݣȥлԸѾǶˣ·Ҳˣ·ؽţû˻ǡҲó·Ʊ㹻ġ
ǡӦ
⺢Ǻ㹻ƢӲǵˣʹ³ƢʲôҲ˵Ҹ˼Ҹˡл˵ûߵģӣҲһ˰ɡ
ǵʱʵ
ҡл˵˾Ͷǹ䣬˻ǵġ
˵һ¡
ûУѾˡźӸϽȥҪ
ǡλӦ
ô١ʱһģһٹǰһ𣬻ܶϵġ
λͷʾԼˡ
λ裬л÷ϰùһģһΨһͬģֻһС޲ƱһŲӡһأ˭ֲ
ôˣʵ
лͷ
áպλԼ֪飬Ҹôش𡣽ꡢݡطôˣҾͲҹ
ǣϻЩԥ
˵ˡûպҲͦõġ˵ģҵϣһЩȵعһҲͦá
л˵ûȰԼصƫŰ˯СޣŬӼסպǼˣҲϳ
С˯ʱúܽüͷʱʱһ¡Ϻۣڻĵذ˺ܾãСչüͷ
³ʱֺ䡣λڰſŲŷŵӣһۣǰȥһһ
ڰŷֿҹУŻָ̿ãã֪δ˭Ҳ֪ڰУһ˫۾һֱעǡ
ӣл̾ڸ¶ǰ󹬻ʺţ̫ȻԾл̻̫ݣ˭ûʸɵԥһ£ߵ˵⡣
ʡл̿һͷ̫ޣͲТ븸ʷȥݣΪˡϱңΪ̫
лһ£ҵķӡ
ƽۼˣҲҲֻӡл̴ԼŮĸȥ£ӴԶʼң¡
飬⼸֮⣬Ψһ֪ľл̵ĸףʱ̫Ȼ̫ţǻʵ̬Ȳлչ̫ңǾӪңڡЩ׾١ĹϵλĻô׵ؾ͸ء
˼꣬л̫ʣǣ֪Ҳл̸ˡ
úÿ𣿡л̳ڻãȻ̧ͷʵ
һ£˵ÿȻųѾܿǸˡ
˭лʵң̫ӣ
̫ӡ˵СһȻûۣǿ߼ԺҲһ˫һۡ
л̺ȻЦˡ̫棬ÿľ۾һ˫һۣ˭һۣ·ҪѻǹȥŰݡԼΪһۣһӶ˽ȥ
ӻûϢлʵ
ҡҡͷȻ뵽ʲô˵ʦ̫֪ռǸ˭ˣӦþ¿״ԪˣǰЩׯϵ
ôŲɵ˰л˵ǳˡ䣬̫ˡȻʺôܳ裬Ķôҳְ̫ӡ
⻰ס˿ڡﻹĬĬŸղǸˣô;ôأ
ɸĵÿģҲõ˷ơ
֮ǰߵ̫࣬ӻǶȥɢɢԼֻСˡ٣ֻ֪⣬֪˽£ֻʣߡ
մԼµõĲߣһֻ񶷣ǰղԻģͨ͸ǵϲ
ɼˣǰһ̧ͷ˼һۣ˵ܿ𣿡
ϲ޲Ͼ͸ôܲء
˵žͰ񶷵ݸǰµõģһԶҽֻһֻ
ɽӹϸؿ˿񶷾Ө͸һ۸񲻷ơ
˵һʮԲǼ۸񲻷ưɡ˵Ű񶷻ࡣ
ȷʵ˵ЦǮʹ
üСʹǮܹͨ˼ҺüĽðɣɰ롣
Ȼϲվˡ˵žͰ񶷰ɸǰԼǸҤʱ
Լɻɣ͸ˡһԣһһֻ
ⲻðɡ˵
޷ǰ鷿õġ
˵ţ㽫ˮעȥ
ǾͶлˡɽӹһڡ
Σʵ
Ц˵Ǻò裬ˮҲǺˮ˵ļգҲǸ߳ҲǺֻⷽȲ裬һСģ
豭ͣ⻰ЦЩ˲衣ôô˼
⻰Ҳûⷽߣȷʵֻǿźÿˡ
˵⻰;ԼţҲͬԼǸˡ۾Ц
ԽԽһʱֺһ¡ϧԼˣҪյġ
ڳôˡ˵űȻһ£ˣû¾Ժܡ
͸˵ֻġ
رҴĶιСԣڳңҲֻСܱ
룬ιС㣬⼾ҲǸԣ
Ҳι̫ˡ˵èСʱɰ׳֡
־¡ǲںֺĲź档
һ£ҲЩ
Щ̫ٳȥ𣿡ʵ
ȻҪȥ˼ҿʦ˵꿴ż࣬˵Ҫ㣬񣬸ôѡҲ֪ҼˣǮңš
֪̫ϲʲôʵ
ץץͷ˵Ⱦƣ
̲סȺãϲ̫ܲһ̳ưɣȻ̫Ӧͦ˵ġ
룡
ĥһ£˵
ץץͷ
ȥȥү鷿˼ϲʲôͺˡ
룬գ۾򼾷ࡣ
۾ôôÿవ룬ƽ軭˰ɡڵ۾Цһġ
ҵϲʯ档
ǲͽˡˣϲĶ࣡
˵İЦ֪̫ϲ棬ôʣ׳պֺүˡ
лЦž豭ǽ˺ˣƫĺò裬Ľ顣
ָϸ񶷣ĵƤ𪡣
࿴ȥһʱЩסˡ
ɰûػ̧ͷȥ㶵Լ̲סǰ˻Ρ
ʲô
ŻعεЦЦ
̫ٳգʲôʱȥ
룬˵ɣôˣ
Ҹӣ̫רŸ˵ġʵ
ǰȥҿʦ˼Ը˵ġ˵Ҳˣոġ
Ҫȥ˵Ȼһ˵̫ϲ¿״Ԫ
Ϊʲôʵ
ȸӣ̫Ϊ١̫Ը˵ġ˼ȥˡĵӣӦ͡˵
ŶɻȻ
лԪָ㡣˵꣬һ񣬵ŪüЩ˼
ЩӣȤ;Ск϶ʶһﲻһûлعݼ˵ʱʹʹʩչȭţҲǼ˵顣ϲȻϣ˲ǡ


 38 £׽棩

µ, Ǻ뼾죬Ҳơ
ûһ, ˴·СѾߵ˳һ, Ե֣ô󣬾ȻҲ
˺
ɻͷ, Цžվ
ˣˡ˵նлĲ裬УҸ˵𡣡
á
˵, ȴһߵ˸ǰ˸
úӣؼ⡣Ц˵, ԽԽ˳ۡ
ɲ˻ɽıӰʶ, 滹һЩв, 붼ûͺȥ֮Լסˡ
ù, Լٽ, ǼĴȻЦˡ
ţ֪أͷȥ, Ƴ񶷺Ȳ衣һ£ת˻ˣôģ
ֵһż׳˼Ѿˣһ˿Ц⡣
˸ճҸղĸˣӦþˡ
еûӦ
ԭ˱ȼһ˹ճʱ򣬼׼ȥʱһ֮ܽСܹСİһ£ֱӾײ˵ϡﻹһ㣬ȫϣˤ顣
⺢ӣô·أߵŮѵ
ҡСðһ£Щ£Ůô޴롣
Ҳǹġ˵꿴СãĵĶûУ
Сҡҡͷֵ֮ͷɢڵϵ㣬һӾͳˡˣҪˡ
ɼԸҪˡ˺ЦָŵЩ㣬㿴ʿҪˡ֪Ͻӳǵˣҿǲġ
ʱһλ˳˫ֺʮһ
ĳ
֣æſȥһλŵĸˣʹʮͷ꣬ӦþǶӿ˵ҷˡ
ıӰ˰Եͷ˼ҵŮӦҲǺýԼҶӵ۹⣬Եġ
ûʲô˼ֲöʣֻôһɽ׵ı飬ӦǾ˲
ɻصңѾȥ˸׵鷿үջ磬鷿ŪԼµõĴƿˣЦʵ£
վ̫ٳҽСӣҼ䡣Ҿ͹˵
ʲôүеûס
ɰѼĻظһ飬үֱҪЦˡС˼Ȼܴ׳ŮһЩҲ³۵ÿԡУʲô˼ϲĶһ껹ʮأ
ǰԻҤƿү˵ȥ͸̫ոպá
Ǹ׵İ˵
ΣүŹŮž͵һ£̫ʦϲڴ´ţպٲ˼㡣
ǾͶлˡЦŽӿڡ
䣬ү˵鷿飬˶ʵЩϣ⻰ֲ˵ϾСӵ̬ȴҶֻǲ²⣬Ǹɵּ֮ҹûǸ˼ٻҪദ꣬ΰ
ү˶̾һˣһһɡ
ҵͲӦôӦ㣡˵ҪȻѾˡ
Խ˵Խѹүһ¡
⻰ǲԡ⼸겻װۼͱ֧ͷӣ˵Ҳûˡ˱ܺùָ˭أ
룬ҲүĻеֳ̾˿
˯ԽԽķ
үˣεļ˵һ۾תȥεؿٿٱӣԴӷСӣƢԽԽˡ
Ҳûа취顣Դ˷ū˾ԽöԲɣܺ޲СӸϽøϽס
ǰûм࣬˻һЩۼһСϲԼҹŮĽСүˡ
ţ޶˶磬Ҳ֪ﳳܡ
תۼ͵˾³ʮ̫үïٳɵ˼ָ㣬͵ҡ
̫鷿Ȳ裬ˣԵͷĵ⺢Ҳ
С𣿡ïһߵĴ㡣
ûô˵䲻μӴ󳯻ᣬڻͷŰʱԶԶؼһΡ
͵һï˵˵ˣȡ
Ҳ˵ɳТ̫ӣ˰˸Ӵţжء
أɾʹ߽
ɼʦ˵Ź񣬡ףʦ綫ٱɽ
ֵ⣬æӵݸһߵŮ
ïϱţĵ⺢ӵ˻ǿԡôЩӹͯҲģˡ
һ̧۹ȥ˶סˡǰλ۾ٳһһ㣬ֱ͸Т̫һģһ䣬ˡ
һʱ䣬۾ȻЩȡ
¹ïЦŰɽеߣҴӣ㣬ڻӦûô
ɹɣæߵһ
ɼˡ
ɵˣôλеТ̫ӡ
ôʲôï˵أýʦ֡
ï˵꣬ԼĶЩ񣬳˲ĽžͲ˹ȥ䲻һʹЩг
ǡæ˵ʦס
ɴæ˿ڡ
ʦ֡
⻰˵꣬ԼЦλǴʦ֣֪ʦһ̫֮ïѸߣ뷢԰ףЩɷǵζ
ʦǲɮɰ룬Ȼ˶ʦ֣ҪЦġ
Ұɡï˵ʦҪȥк׾죬кˡ
²ҡָæվ
ʲôккˡСѲɻߣ
ǡһҲ˿ڣҼǼСģǸ׵Ĺŵӡ
Ųƴǣɵ۹۱Ǳǹġ
ҲȥԺˡ˵žվ
ïӻ֣˵ȥȥɣǱҲæ
˸׵Ժӣ̧ͷϵ̫ΪɬʱТ̫ӵİһ𳤴ģЩ顣
էɣ뵽ǸЦһҪõˡôˣȻˣıڡТ̫ӣѻһѰ׹ǡ
գ͵ؼ˰ɡ̧ȥԺֲ÷Ҽ˿ˡʵ̫ˡ
ûһ˾ͶˡģɶЩȣˡСӣ᳤
Щ˴˿˼Ȼɸģּ˵˼ĵպˣǿ΢㡣⺢ӣǰ;
̫ף˵ۺӡ
ʱҶ˳ˡһ㶣ɫָ糣ʱλǴʵ۵˼ɡ
˶һۣûʵ˳ɻһ֧˽
һ˳żҶ˽һžЦ
ְ̫
Ҳҡ̫ûǺͷӹµ˵˵ˡ
˳֪̫¸أȵʱ򶼲񣬸˵ԼˡЦһ£
һȦɣ֡
Сӣơ
ɿ۰˳ָָԼıӣͷ̫
⺢ӣֲ㡣˳˵
С󡣡ïһ߷ССէܲ𣡡
ï˵ֿ꣬ɡ
Сȥɡʦأ˭۸ȥ
ԣߵ˳ǰ
ɼ˳
й񣬾һߣ۾Žµĵذ壬ޱȹɡ
漮˳ʵ
Ȼʲô˼Ծɹɵػش
ꡣ
ﳤģ˳ʵ
ǰݣԺ͸Ÿĸ׻˽ꡣ
ݣȻ֪ǰ˳ͫ׻͵һ¡
̫λܽ˸ۡĵλǲǻʲôɸ˵ܡ
ʲôģ
¸ͷˡ
ǽˡ
ﻹ˭˳ʵϸ
иãһߴ󡣡͵͵̫ףż˵ȥиСܵܡ
ˣ
˵үҪСý𣿡ï˰˳Ļǲ黧ˣ
ļˡ˵ͻˣ
Ȼïش̹ҵĹŵӣƷϣҪģǳͶҵԵ
ï⻰һڣ˳ˣϼһǻɡ
˰ˡ˵ҽǸġҲعˣҾͲˡ
үߡïһ߽˿ڣСͽܣү
λСֵˡ˳˵꣬˾뿪ҡ˿λǸˣ֪ʲô
Ǽǵġï˵
˱֮ǰĻ⣬ĵɡ
ȴһЩɺԼѲʲôΣ
ҸףŸԺȴƮˡ֪ɾ̫ԺӣԼȴҪű˵ĺЩǡ
үһ˵˼˼Ǳ˵԰ڷˡ
֪ˡ׼ɡ˵꿴żСߣȥ̫ү١
һӾչüͷ˼ܼһˡ
һţͿɹɵ̫ߣģ˶űҪСİ
ﺢǶˡ̫˵꿴ɣһ磬÷ˣ͸ǰﺢһɣҲɢɢ
Ӳۡ˵
һȴЩżܸһԷô˵Լأ
ȥɡ̫˵㶼ˣûʲôˡ
ɵͷ˹ȥ
չ˺Сӡ̫ԸԼСӡ
游ġ˵꿴ɣ߰ɡ
ɵıӰ̫ҲԹð˳ģ⺢ӳ̫Т̫ˡТ̫ѹûкϣʲôأ
˰˳ɸСһȻ̫ϤǶˣѧʶ൱ܿĵһȥˡ
÷ʱΪɸͬţֲͰһﶼԣȴЩһ˶ûúĹ죬һ˵ϼ仰ɡ
Լϲˣæһ磬ѾЩˡҶ죬ԼҲ˼Ƕӡ
ˣʵ
ɵͷ˵ҶôҲ˼
Цˣ˵ҲˡǶӣǶҪˡ
˵֮󣬿һŮŮ⣬һı
ζ˵Ҳ
Ů⻰Ҳɼһӡ
һѼ⵽׽ʲ壬ˬɿڡ
Ȼζ
Ҹ˵ҳֵľ㴽˵СʱرϲͣΪģΪҳˡ
Ůæࡢɼе
ҿ˿ѹɤӣⲻðɣҶء
Σ˵һ鵽٣ҲóԱ˷
ʱɿһԼûĲˣĴ˴ࡣ
Ԫ˽ʲôûأ
˳ȥһʱЩˣĲƷȣǾԲŮǱ߳֡ջεţ޻Աߵôſڰ
ǡԥһ£Ǳ޻
֣ɲ㱻ҭһ£ͲӦʡ
֪ˡ˵
һţĶ⣬Ǻġ
æ⣬ͷβǳҳӣҲҼҳóȻлʹ
ΪΣæһڣȻŨۡ
ҳӣ˵á˵
˳ԳԺȺȣʱõ졣
ù˱ˮ֧ͤϷ̨
̫үϷһ㣬һˡ֮󣬾ͰϷӸߵС
ЩϲġУǵĽҲڣעŵ㣬԰Ρ־ˡ
ſ˰죬һŮ١ãһʮ͡
಻̫ϲϷǰͣҲֻȥֱʮ͡һ˾ֱˡ
СŸĶȥϷЩȤר־ú档࣬šʮ͡Щ
ҪδСýϷ̨ϣףӢ̨仰һڣ̲סɡպ᲻Լáýأ
ȴûô࣬Ů֮δϣֻϷȤѡ
Ǳĳȣ߲ӳҲȤý


 39 

˳ص, ˣԼĸҡ
ȷ̫˵ʵ˳ʵ
һ, ֮ͷ
ȷô, Ŷ˵ǸŮӤ˵ԥһ£үǷʲôף
ҽҼ֮ǰĴɡϸؿ˿ĳ࣬Т̫Ӽֱһģһ˵Ҳݳġ
һ, ˵үȻǴɣСȷǺǸŮޡ
ԭ誽ӵ̫µŮӤȥϢٰ˼ܾ֮, ھš̫Ӥ͵͵˳顣
̫˷·誾µ˷·ȥ׷ֻϧΣ̫˹ȥÿһ·, ȥˡ
ڣ׷ٰݳҵӰ
ǶֻںӱҵһֻЬӡ˵, ܾûô򵥡̫ߵ, Ķ˾ôῴһӡǺ, ˳Ǳ˼ȥ, ߰ϰ׷飬ֱ˻ȥֻϧʱ, ûа취׷ȥˡ
褵ĻĵλҲ̫ˡ
үģ̫յµȷʵǸŮӤңɵҲˣҲˡλƾǳѡ
˼һ˵ȻТ̫̫ٳǰ游ȥݣһ鶯¸Ҳ˵ȥ顣
ǡҹӦˡ
Ժ鰸ȻһТ̫ӵĺΣȻһͲܰ׳ʵݲǰõġǷдТ̫ӵĶӻ˼䣬᲻ţ
ҷҶСӣʱô죬̲סЦ
˵Ǹֵ̫вλãλϰ
˳룬д˷šţ͵Լµׯӡ
ǽһͷ׵ϸľվһԺϡ϶˰̡
߰ɣһׯͷˣ乷һ˳ǣ顣
ϸľȻԼİһȳһյ˳ȥ
ų쵽ǵʱɫѾˡϸѰ˼Ѿˣһס֮Űϣְͷ⿴һۡȻμɵվš
ϸ룬ûƶ˷ʳԹ֮ҪˮϴɾʱϨ˯ˡ
һϸﴫŵ˶һۣת˸ڷ䡣
ҹ˾ʱվĵġϸںڰۣŴ·ߵſϸĵذһ졣
һûжŵ߳վĵģż
ϸͷקһ˿ϵϡ֮Сקŷ˿һһקݵŶϸᣬûһͰסˡ
ϸȡ·˿ҿ¥ݡճţԺĻƹˣڰУֻ۾
ҪлϸͰһӹȥƹһڵסתͷص
ϸ״һյ̬ͳԺšԺǽ棬ϸĶ
ԺĶ˯ϸڵͬʱ۾Ƿ´ڴǰһۣûж߳䣬һϸš
Ǳסģ˲˿ֻص˯
ϸԺǽһűȥµҹѾЩȴһͷ
ʱڣֻ¹ǹܴһ˿˿ϸ߼Ҫӡ⣬·ϵĻҶ˲ģֱµķȥ
ʱϸߵ¡ŴƵߵԺǽ
Ѵ˸ᣬ̧ͷԺǽһʯͷͷ˽ȥֱ֮ǵСԺӶȥ
飡ϸš
Σ۾򿪴š
ô磬ʲô鰡
˵껰һ۾̵ɵϴƣһϸĸ첲קԼӡ
ϣʵ
ϸͷ˵һˮȻȥ̫
ϼһǱ࣬˺ۣ֪ιʲô˲õ顣æˮִˮϴһԼִ﷭Լ·滻ϡ
ţȥʦ̫
ϸͷûٿ
л⼸ող˯¡ʵжŨ뵡𡣸շ˸š
ʦ̫ѡϾȻˡ
ϲǱˣǵš
лǵԼǰ͸һӴˣôʱ
´˴š
ôˣлʵ
ҡҡͷ
ֻ֪˵ңǱ˰̲˵Ҳȫǻҡ߹ġ
л룬˵ͷҪˡ
Լˮлϴ֮󣬾͸һ򵥵ķ١
Слüͷ˵ڶƽʱᣬ·ҲҪɮۣ֮ǰĳ
˲ˡлױְ֮ѡ
лǰһۣǵ޵̫ڡ
ͷݡ
ɣ
ڷϵķ䣬ѾɾֻѣžӸԼ˸١Ͻţæվ
̫ȥ
ϵͷĨƽȹϵۺۣŸڷϺ˹ȥ
һţͿлסȻڻªȲöϾԼ·ֻص˶
ū̫˸
лϣ˵Ǹô£
̫ͬڶʱһǫͣӣūҼǿӸϱȥ˭֪յͱ׽˻
׽㣿ΪΣлʵ
֪Сû
⻰һڣл͵ɴ۾
˵
̫ū⻰թ˵СͳգڰŶˡ
лȻֱֱͦģָȴѾʼ
СӦûšϼ˵Σ٣һطֻȥ˸šûǴСӦøŰȥݡ𣿡
лʱϵĻȻҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪˭ȥ
̫㹻ܡ˵課µŮӤһֱΪ͵תֻϧȷʵµŮӤٿңҲ˵
лϸϵ˺ۣһһ
ܿˡ
誱ı֮ܵ褰н˲ҾͱһֱھׯһģҼǿӸҶӡ˵⻰ʱƽ
Ϊܳ
ϿЦһ£˵褲֪˭˷һǣɢТ̫ӻŵϢ
ǣ
ˡҰϢɢȥȫҲǻɡͶ·˵Щ꣬ҹ̬ǶΪѾˡҵ׻ھֳ书ӻеģΪԺ󣬷ǰˡǷҳׯӣұװڳվס¡ҹʱ򣬲˦ҵˣҹܹ
лˣѾǱƸ۵̬ȡ
ϣʲôлʵ
̫ıԹˣôҪūء˵̧ͷһлô꣬ģСǰ褵Ҳ¶ûɣ
꣬ле飬ȷʵҲ褵ֱʣֻʱڳУǵĸֵó裬㰵
֪褼˭Ŷ˼лʵ
ҡҡͷû˵
ȴȻˣæл
ﰲס°ɡл˵ǸׯҲ˶šһҹҲЪЪɡ
ȥ᷿źֻ֮صݡ
ʦ̫˵褼ǸˣӦþ¿״Ԫ
лһ
褵ǺüƲߡϢǴʵ۸̫ӱȻɵҲ϶
л˵ֵ֮ʳֵָġТ̫ʱϰ߶վ쳤Ҳѧ˹
Сϱˣлʵ
ϵͷ˵һ¡
վɽ˵СϱؼҿչҡлԸɽȥޡϵĸˣమġ¿״ԪῡΣ϶Ҳǵ̸ʡ˽һЩպҾǱ粵Ҳе˵
ûӦСһ£Ǿѻ˵
̫Ϊβʺ˵ˡ
лһ£˵ϣǸܹһЩ
һ㣬̫ӷ˵Ȼ̫Ѿԩѩ˻û㡣ңأ
л۾û˵
Сߣλڣʵ۵ӣʺãʲôĵأ
λ˭Ҳûйл˵ղϵĿѾҵݣ¡
ס˿ڣһߡ
̫ġ˵Ǽλ趼ǼˣܻСȫ
һʺݷ˳·ҡʱҾ͸˵л˵λ칫Ҳ޹ɾǰ̡Ȼ˵̫ӣҾ͵Ϊ̫ӻ°ɡ
᷿Ĵϣ۾Ŵգл㱵˯˹ȥ
վ˵ȵîʱҲжȻЩҡһ£˷䡣
һȥŷ澲ĵģˡ
ûһ
ʲô
ԱߵҲˣǰţǴסġֻصԼӴȥǱߴĴҲǱյýġ
ֳӣԥһ£һ߿š
룬һ߷šһǰ̣ġ
ֱϻʲôʱܵģ
ĻˡǱ˳֪ǲҲѲƤ
һǰ˷ڷİмׯͷģƱ
⣿һԥؿ˿ڣҶһˣ޼ҵǱү֪ҪùˡƱӰɡ
ǻ·أһ˻Щԥ
ɽǰ·ֻ·һˡүҲֻǶϻҲȥ
е˵꣬ʰöźƱվƹǮ֮󣬾תͷϱ߾ȥˡ

 40 

ɻص, ǰԼڽ꣬Ҽ˵ԼͶԵ, , ̫Ҳô˵ټϰ˳Լע⡣룬᲻ЩΡ
ǣҪŪԼ˭У
˯ʱ磬ɴ򿪻, ÿ͵תָ°룬᲻ĸ˼һأҲ԰ˣΪʲôҡҶôã˳Լô˳ۡ
, һҳû˳ֳ誣Т̫ӱΪˣĽֽĻʵ褸Т̫Ȼͬĸ, Ǹ鼫á
㶣ĪТ̫ӣ
, ĵҲֻȥʼˡ, ʱװһ䡣, ӦòĻɡ
뵽˷, ˲ͺ
ڣԽԽ䣬, а
ҪҪ¯ӣ֪·ʱʵ
áûʲô飬óȥܡңҲûôأ
أ˵̫ɸ˵ûʲô飬¾ͽӵ٣⼸кüҶ˺ӡ
ɸ࿴˿ةľڣ󿴼ӵĵط
߰ɣȥ˵
á˵žվر뵥ɴš
Ϊ˲ݾߣ˭ûȥ˳ǽóةĹӵĻ˵˵ͨŵ˶ﶼҲ
ǹô˵ŻһܣطѺǹյǲ̫ҡ
ʱɿԶи߹ż˰˨ϣĵظ˹ȥ
˲ũ򡣡˵
ϸؿ˿ѹɤʵôģ
ֱ˵żһüûɡ
⻰۶Ҫȥˡ
һ·ǸˣȻɲȵһɿݵ֦һ
˭
Ǹ˻ͷȥɸ࣬һ£Ϳ첽ǰܡ
׷
Ǿܣ˿϶⡣
ܵÿ죬ۼҪ׷ϵʱǸ˺Ȼذףʹ˹ȥ
ɸæ㿪־Ҫסĸ첲Ǹ˻æӶذףĸ첲
׷ʱÿһĻ
ȥ׷ˡ˵ذסȥֻһˣʱ˭زȥ
á˵첽ߵߣû°ɣ 
ҡҡͷֵͷ˵˿ڲ֪ذûПn
ƣָǰһݡ
ȥҿ˿ڡ
ȻȥҲûа취ֻø˹ȥ
ӦʱũҿģѾƾˡΰʣһС¯ӡ
࿴˿˵ȥԱߵϪˮǶҨˮŵ¯ϰӷŽȥٲɾ˿ڡذ׵˿ڶ΢עɾҪˡ
룬Ҳֻˡ
ʱҸ»һ֦һľͷɿĵʶеġ
ÿ֦ľĦƮ˹
ɹˡЦ˵ԵȻˮܿ󿪡
ɾԼܹƴ˿Ӧͦģĸ첲۵öľˡԼӷŵְɵҪ֮ƿԼѡ
ʲôʵ
ĹҶ˿Уֲˮֻܰҵ³
˵ţ˺˺üҲӽ
лɵЩ죬򵥴һ¾ͺãѪֹסȻس˵
ذ׵˿ڸ˿ڲһǳʵúܡ˵ʱĸ첲ҪҪˣ
ɵ˿ϱۣûü촽˵һԼ
𣿡ʵ˿ϱۣŪ𣿡
Ҳ㣡˵
ڻ¯ߣˮһԲĽֺЬ쿪ڹ˿ڡ
֪Ǹ
ƫͷԼ˿ڣ˼⻰۵ֶһ£۵ᶼˡ
˵ʲôأ֪
֮ǰĶ˵ƭˡ
⻰һʱŭ򵨱˲ۣͳﴧŵСڼ֮䡣
ҪǸ˵ȥӦ׺
౾˺ö໰˵ֻ£ֻЩЦͷּȼСź⣬Щ¡
˵˵æ˵ֻ˿ĵ㿴Ѫ
ȥֻѪ˳Ÿ첲ָεϡ
Ҳռ˵ġ˵˾С
Ҳ֪ȥǻصҲ鷳£ֻʣһ¡
ȥߵ˺˿һ泤Ƥⷭţһ㣬Ҫͷˡ
㣡
ŵ㣡
˵ִԼ˺һεϵסɸ첲϶ˡ
֮ˮϴ֣Сذ̳ɲ˿ڡ
˻۵õһ
Ҳһ˵ͷܲȰСŲһֶҾͷˡ
ŷԼֻڼ˫֮䡣ڨڨذջС߻䡣
˿ڲɾСظá
ǿɡ˵صȥҽݡ
У˵
һӾͷӦˡ
ô죿
֮Ȼؼҡ
룬˵Ҳá֮ٻش¡
ô֪ǹģ
ڻȥ·ϣɺȻʵ
㻹ǵȥ˳Ǵ𣿡˵˵һֻӷɵϣһץץӣҲѶ¶˳
Ԫһൽ׻û˵ڡĿǰͷϣԼҪ˵ˣɾ治ԼˡˣԼ²Ҫˣ
ԭô֪ˡ˵㲻Ҫ˵ȥҼҾΪ֧Ǳ߱ƵýŲò¡ҵܻܵСܵõһЩܻݡ
Ϊˣֻǿסߵú
ס˵
ֳʱһ纮ȥˡ˵ʱҼݡ֪˵ʱ򣬵ĸǱ߾ţ˵Ҫ͸ֹѧ⡣ʵǵֳȥռҼҼҲԣײҴװ
ǸãЩ档
׺Ĺ˵飬ֻ֪ҵв֪ԼǸеĹ
һ㱣ܵġ
ô˵ţ͵ҡ
ܵߡ
һ㣬ˤš
ҧסһ£ЩˤҼһ߻ţûеϡ
л˵վΣ˴š
ſˣɴżȥԺڶū棬ʱһ
ôˣ
ĸūֻ᷿ˣŰѵ
ףòһ¾ͺáѾôˣӦûПn
˵꿴ڴļ࣬˵ΣлӡʱûȥԺӣ˶ӣԻ뼾ӲҪ߿
·ġͷҲص˵
Сʱϰ䣬˶ǲ账ġ˿ҩۣ޲Сذá
һţ۾ˡ
ɼ˿ڰãְ·˻ȥ
𣿡ʵ
ˣҪشء˵ţ֪ϵҲ˵ؼңֻ˵ȥҽݴһ¡
⺢ӡΣ򼾷࣬ͷӶչһ
˷ģһġ
ɴѣָ˴¡
ˣлһ
ôˣ
˺ܿɣתܡ׷ȥʱ򣬱ذ׻ˡͰ˵ˡ
ǹȻذף
ɵͷ˵ܾûô򵥡ֻƣµĲ۸ҲֻˣẦذף϶⡣ҵʱΪû˵
˿ڣ
سǾҽݰˡ˵¡
һ߷űߺӵϣſţƳЩߡ
лˣ£ǿЩӵ
˴˹ȥϸƣûʲôͬ
ԶЩЩӣкճģŮճġϧûдʱҲµûкӦöʱŮʱ
ȥʡ˵Ԫ˵ôΧܴСˡ
ǡһ߽ӿڣСǳ֪˶࣬ʱ֪˿ɾ̫ˡ
˵գһۣͬ˵
ȥЩǲмУлҲ׶˵˼治ǳֹô򵥡
ü𣿡ʵ
Ҳաһ˵첲ˣ뵽ܡ
λȥ鰲˳ˡ֮ǰ¼εĹţ˳ܸĶүйᡣŭ˸Ͻȥ顣˭ֳ֪飬֣Щá
հɡл˵ھͻؼңѻ˺úϢԪȥ
ǡ˵꣬קɡ
Ҫʵ
ô죿˵žͷһͺá
ΣҲֻ⡣شУˮ
նл˵žҪԺӣסˡ
£ʵ
һüС˵˺׷ȡ
֪Цˣлġ
ðɣҪǿֶǷˣϢһ죬Լһܵù
֪֪ˡɲͷػӻ֣ҲϽȥɣ
ͷֿ֮ҴŻϣŻӶ뿪
ɽţȥԺ˿۾ˡ
ôô֪Լŭ˵ذһnô죿
ɼˣæյߣҡҡӡ
ףⲻǺúõ𣡡
˵һۡ
úõѶˣϽԼԺӡ
ǡ˵վ
ˣҸһȥл㡣ȥҿ۷ū͸ȥԺӡ
֪·ʱ˾һߡ
ô˵֪Ůˣ
ǰ˵Ҳûа취ǵʱ˿ڣ첲ǾҪˡ
⺢ӣ˺и㿪ҩ˯ǰ£ǧҪȡ
׷ģءɻߣԭӺ֪Ů
Ů⻰ֱѰ۷ȥˣֻǰ˲ϣ
׷ģѾвˣ˵ȥġ
˵һð͡˼Ҷ飬⵹ãв˼ҡҲҿû˵вģȻ˲ֽ
ɵʵ̲ס˵ɵĶͷ˵˵ȥˣõȵڡв˼ңúúøлӲǣ
ðɡ˵ȷʵҪлӣûҴ˿ڣҪˡ
˵ͷȻ뵽ʲôָָ첲ɡ
ӿˣ
ɵͷ
ǣ˲֪ڡ
޷ԼǺںҸͬšҿҲûҵ￴ԣðɡ
˾ԼֱҪˡ˼ҼöˣȻΪ˼Ҳ￴
˺Ȼ״ԪͲˣŮϾͿˡ
ԼԺðɡ˵첲ˣͲҪˡùͰҩˡҹǲ֪Ժˡ鷳ûУ
ɵصͷ
ףİɡ
ȥԸǲҪ˿ں˵վúţ飡
û˼ɱס׵ĸ첲вУ
룬˵飬Լҹ˲ϣ࿴ͿҲ˵˵
ɿɡܻ
Լ׳Ժӣɾס֪֮ûã


 41 

׿һ, ȥǰѰܾ, Ŵóһ顣
ӦǺܾöû, һҡ˴ҳǺ˺ü硣
֪סڱǣȥ
´ʲôԸһ¡֪˵ЩԹ첲, أ
֪ˣ֪㡣ɿԼ֣СѾߴˮ
ôܿסأƽ, Ȿǿġ
ֻϧɶⷽ治Ȥſžʹ˸Ƿ
ˡЩǽԪˡһ䡣
ϣ֮ǰ顣ռ˵, ֪ԼǸˣصùõġɰ, ԼȻһ㶼ûв, ӦøԼһֻǰԼֵܡ
ĸ첲Щ, Щȡù֮, ǵʵʵذҩˡ
תȦԺӵŮͽˡ
ʲôԸʵ
ҰŮ˵ŰɵĲƿһŵݸ֪ǸոռӴġ
أʵ
ˡŮػش, תѾʹ͹ˡ
֪ˡ
ɴ֪ùƿӣǳȻɫҺ壬ƿţһɹζ
ִżǼƿľ¶ˮȣθƢ
˸첲첲ֲԷҺȹȷʵúȡҲǽÿԡ
պˡԸ
֪ӹСطŵӵ档
ƿӿ澫ɡ˵
ɵѾͷЦˣˡ¶Ҫֵһأ
ô󣿡֪ͷ²ҪǲС
ⶫȵģŵĵ˵
Ӷͦõġ֪˵
һƿӰ棬֪ĻЩ㶡Ѿ֪ԼǸˣ
ԺЩġȻԼҹŮۣǴֽƿһ롣ȻϻϣСεʾãӦҲװɣ
ȴûôࡣùһûûζķ
֪ôⷹ˶̲ģ
عû׼ң˵˳̡̫
ֱǺ˵˵ǺÿڳԵģ˭ԵĲģܷ
ȥ˵ȥӲҡ
֪Ļ̾˿ңԼ͸ȻΪʲôƿ¶ôȥҪʳˣ
ԲãСʳҲˡʵû˼ӹ֪ݹҩˣʵʵ˴
ֲֻܶŴϵĻƷ
˿Ҫȴø첲ֻۣƽƽš
ϲ˯Լųһ˵СʱҪܾŻչôƽƽչչţܾġ
ץץȻ뵽ԼĳࡣТ̫ӣҲʲôӦɣ
˯ɡ֪ɵĶ˵һ䡣
֪ˡ̲ס˸۵
ˣϽ˯ջأ
صң֮ôīԼ¶óд˷򵥵ż㣬ȥҡߣһѱ
Сһ̧ͷ۾ԽԽɡ
Ǹ˵ˡŰ˵ҿһ㶼
ҲĻֻůͣһſϡ
һֱãܻᶮİɣԲԣ
ţһٳ
Ȼǰһ
ЦӰ°͡
һ˯ڶ糿λͷȻø첲Щۣûзȣ̫ˡ
ջҪã֪һ߰ɻҩһʵ
϶Ҫȥ黹أ˵ϵһٻһΡ
˿̫ˡ֪˵ŵʱעŵ㣡
֪ˡЩںҽճŶˡ
֪գգû˵һʱӦڼϢ
ɸմ·˾ͽˡ
£Цʵ
ߣ˰һۣ˸ʡĵĹŮûа취
ɸæܵ˸ǰͷϡ
ףûأ
·Сŵ㡣˵ççײײˡ
׷ġ
Ц۾ģ˿ĵŮԽԽƯ
ɵ˴£ּˡû˵ߵǰ
ôûڼϢһգʵ
ֲʲô¡˵⼸࣬Ҳһæù𣿡
첲𣿡ʵ
糿ҩʱеۣôѹֻҪҾû¡
ȴûǰһĶͷ
ãȡ
ɵ쿪߬סҪǴôˣһ٣Լ￴ɣҲô㰡
Ԫµĸáлһ˵
Ȼ˻ͬͬţԵúܣ
Цһ£ȴĬĬ顣
ɸ˾ةõһһҵȥȻ缾ϣЩǵĳʱµһģһңЩӵļ¡£ǵ
һҵĴţ磬ɸ໥˿
ȥƣ
֮ͬЦˡ
߰ɡҪɵļְַȥһ紵ֱߵҶOO@@
ƬҶ˵žһƬҶӵǰ
ֻЦЦȴû˵Դ֮ȷʵǰһ޹˼ɡ
лЦ
౻һЦһٷӦʱѾ
λƵر¡ҵ˵㾭
ɵͷ
ǰ㣬ڡ
㣬ڴ´ãѹʵ
֪˵ʵǺһֱڳдȥֻϧҵӦòͬ⡣ܾңʵأҵá
Ϊʲôʵ
ɵ뷨ûжԱ˵ռ˿÷˿ߵĳ졣
мɵȻѹúܵͣǼó˷ܸС
ɡɼ˵֮ǰŸ⣬ﶼȥֿƾ٣ɫɫˣҲɫɫ£˼㿴ҿ죬ǲǵġ
չ黹Ҫ˵ġ˵
ʲôã̾˿춼˵Īˡˣ͵ڰԼ˶ֲԼǿôڣôసӣ㻹𣿡
һ£һֱΪ࣬ȴû뵽Լ֮¡
ֿɵõĶȴҪġҲ֪ԼأôһֱûʹЩ飬̫ˡлᣬҪ˵ʹ졣
ˣ˵
ɿ˵˵õɡ˰ʮ˶Ȣ۵Сҹʮˣ¾Ѿֻ˵ˡ
ҪȢɣ˵ܾܵãȵ㲻ٳס
ЦڳڵϣᶼЦˡ
˵㽲Ƕɣ¿ɿЦġ
ͣͣסˡ
ˣµˡ
޷ɵ˵˾䡰ûпЦ֮󣬾
ҷ㣬㡣Լֵݸɡ
Ҳ֪Լĸ첲ˣ³϶ȵ˿ʵû취ż־˳
̧ͷ˿˵ǻû𣿡
ˣǰ棬⳵Ҳϲȥͷλ˶߼ɡΡ
µͣڰɽѾϲȥˡûа취󣬻ȥ
ڼ䣬лԸˣĳͷɽȥһ߿ţüͷԽԽ
ܾ͸Źɹ졣˵ָָǰЩˣϣҲɡ
ͷ˵һɽҪ¶ۼֻݷġǲ鲻ʲôģֻƶѡ
֪˵𣿡
ĺɰ˵ˣôˣ
Ϸȫס˲þǮ˵֮򼾷࣬ûһлҪͷԪˡ
ΪҩñƽʱЩͰѺɰڼ
ðЦÿɰԽҪȢؼҡ
˽£͵תתתתȥҲûطʲôΣ޷Ǿһˡ
һ·ߵʱȺȻһ󾪺
סˡŻȫڵأɸһۣҲȥ
Сģһɣ첲ˡ
ɺлĵ˻ϸġ
һһλĵɮˣ˹
̲ס̧ͷһۣĿǣׯϡϸƣȴܾ͸һаǲϲ
ʦʦһλԱߵϸ˺
ס˽תͷЦŸϸ˵ͷ
лʦлʦϸϲ
֮󣬸ȿֺغ뼾һۣӶԷ۾￴Ÿһ˿־塣
ס߹ȥ֮󣬺ܶܵ߹ĵطſ
Ǵʦ߹ĵطһЩ˱˵ߴ
ΪطȻ˺
Щôˣʵ
Ͻߡ˵£Щ׽͸֮ǰ˸ǰ¶Ǳˣ߲ѡ
ɵͷչ֮󣬾Ϳ첽뿪¡
ɽĲˣɽȴﲻǲܲˣˡ
һΪ׳ĸˣҲʹɸм伷˹ȥ
ѽסۡ
·ô·˵Űࡣ
Ǹȴûֱǰȥ
Ҫ¡קקЩ˵ӣǶ֡
첲ôˣ˵꿴ɵ۰ɣɫˡ
ְ˿ײˡ˵ϳ˵ҿ֪ܵҷҩ۸޲
˲ɻ࣬һ·ɽ
λͻˣ˵Ҹղ˵סִ͸ˮڡ
סִ͸ˮ𣿡ʵ
Ȼ˵Ҹղ¸С죬֪Ǹˮΰٲúң⸣ˮѵã¾ܵһأ
Ȼ⣬ɰ롣
ش˵˵ϳ˿ڴһ¡
ŷӦһһطʹ
ˮ𣿡࿴򳵷ʵ
УҪ𣿡˵óһˮңԼġ
ϴϴ֣𣿡
򾭳үţ֪⸻˼Ҷ붼Щ񱡣
û⣡
л˵ŵݸһӸ
飬Ҳƴǣ
صϣã˵ˡ
룬˳ӵذˡ֪Լ˿ڸպϿھˣǲúð첲ܲҪһ¡
ҽ֪ѡ·£µֱӾ첲
Ȼ˿ѿˣõ޲ѾѪˡ
ְ˽ŵذ޲𿪣øɾ޲ɾҩ۵档
ȻǿҲ۰ҧ촽ƫͷԼ˿ڡ뿴б۾۾תͷЪһٿۡ
һġ˵¡
ذ޲˿ϡ
յû𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ҾͰˡ˵꣬޲СĵزãһȦȦȦش˸ᡣ
ȥò账һ¡˵ֻǰѪֹסˡ
л˵Ŵ·
ÿӣȻһ¡
㿴Ǹˡ
ɴչȥ˵Ǹ
ͷڼߣġһӾͺˡ


 42 

ɿǸ·ȥ, ԥһ£˵Ҫ³
Ҫʲôʵ
¹ϵܴ, Ҫ
Сɰس, ھˣ첲ˣֲ书ǵϳñ, ȺھܰǴ𣿡
ǸҪǲǾҲˣЩ
ġʲôĿģȻѾ¾֣ͲóȻжϣܻлġ˵꿴ɵĸ첲, ڣҪ飬ǰáһȥ͸л˵, ڼϢա
û¡ʵڲڼϢ
࿴һۣ˵ξˡ˿̫, ٿˡ
ǡɻ͡
ûʲôǵġ
˵꿴ɵ, ɫЩ졣һ£Ķͷ
е㷢ȡ˵, ֱӻ, Ҫش¡
ɵһۣԼ
û£̫
Ҳû, ԼϣƿӶų򺰵λϸ磬ֱӻҡ
ǣҲ֪Լ˵飬ҲûǾӦˡ
ΪʲôУϣأɺǲˡ
ϵ·££˵˵û£ڸͲ䣬Ƿˡ
ɲ˵ȷʵһһط䡣
صң˼ӣһ
ôˣ糿úõġ˽˵ȥݣô죿
˲Ҫż˵ͷҸȥ£Ҹ¸٣Ȼͯȥҡ̫ҽҼףһΣöġ
л
˵žҪ񣬻ŵæסˡλԼδĸ˼ҸԼزŶ
ɻصԼԺ£ֻͷģͷϾͲ뿪
²ҪѡԸһӦй
֪ͷԸСѾȥˮ
ȡ˵ûζɤӷɣЩ
֪һ£ȥǰ¶ȡСһ㵽ˮ
ȵˮɡ֪˵ţιɡ
Ϊͷ࣬ˮ˿˿ģչüͷ
úȣ㡣
ÿһĻЩЦʱôСһ
ҼΪǵĹСǿúܣֻʱ⡣˵ʱ򣬹߻աÿİǸᡣӣҲֻʱŻЩСŮ̬
Ҿš˵˵һݣҲԺվš
ס˵ͽҡ
סɼ캰ͷرء
һо͹˵һҩ֮ú˯һվܺá
Ҫҩüͷͷ࣬ҩ͸ˡ
ε֣˵׸㱸۽
룬ˡ
Ҫš
úúá˵ĶͷĹŮÿվӦôա
ūԺҲףĸ첻ãֻñɵӡ
ɵĹ뷿ĵ沼õøӵ鷿ƵġȻţǵײõĹ뷿֡
ʱĸϻķū̲סֶ˶Сһ
ôˣ
ؼӣСˣֵúܽûа취Ŵġ
ӲˣǲҪȥĺáù˲˵Űɣһ˳ܼš
ĵҹȻź٣£һĿڣҲ治Ҫ̫ˡ
ûһͯ۴̫ҽ߽ţԼ̫ҽȥ
ţ£ְ߿һۡ⺢ӣ֪ݣͰͯ棬ϸġ
̫ҽ꼾֮󿴿ɵ̦
ʲô£ҿķҩһΣվͺáֻǣ˿ڿҪãٿˡ
л̫ҽ˸æ
õá̫ҽ˵ȥӡ
֪̫ҽȥɵ鷿ֵһۡͷ
֪ɺϲԼĵܵܣʱ̫ҽūȥ
̫ҽźÿɺã
·ϣ۰ȥ̫ҽ˵̫ҽȴΪɾ˼࣬ĵС뻹˼һ顣
ҿ̫ҽ˵ſ˿ūСֶ֣ͷơ
⺢ÿá̫ҽ˵ĸԵϸ£ˮͺáˮˣСȻá
ûʲô飬ܸˣ̫ҽĻӸ
Ůʹ˸ɫŮȻ
ȥɡ̫ҽ˵Ӱľգ϶ͺˡգϷһеġ
л̫ҽת׼õķ͵ݸ̫ҽ
󣬸æƴǵˣҲ̫˰ɣ
಻ࡣЦ˵ҼСأ
̫ҽ˵Ҳûƴǡ
лˡ
ȥץҩ̫ҽԺӡתߡ
վſڣɣ˵˰ɣ
ɰһۡ
Ҹл˸١
ģһġ
Ул㡣˵
Ҫ𻰣˽æѵߵĻ˻ȥ
ˡ
ߣοͲˡ
ߵſڣĸķūָŴ뿪
߽ңߣ˵ҩͺúϢɡòš
ɵͷյøоۡ
һֱ֪ɺҩ˯£ŴŷūԺ
Сү˶ĸ˵պСӳˣ͸ڷū߰ɡ
лˣ
ĸһϲæл
ϣǲȥɵԺƣ˵ȶһЩŰġڴϣԽԽüүɲܷˣôõˣҿѣ
صңѾͰ֮ǰľֿ˿֮ǰϢ£ͼıСܶʱôڣ˵췴ûš
ʱãһҪͼ֮ɴݾߡҪģҪЩ˵ĺһ
תȦʱүߵͯ˵ү롣
಻֪״ʲôѾȥԺ
սݣͼ׳һ£˵ôˣ
ôˣ
ү̲סЦˡʾ뿪ȻŭӼࡣ
£
Ȼʲô飬£ֲܲ
ףӾʲô
㻹ʣүŭָżıӣôĶӣû뵽ã
ʲô
³ײˣתͷ򼾷ˣĿ
ϧͲ
㻹װ֪ү״˵¿״Ԫϵ
໹ûŪԼ׵˼
칫ӼͬͬţȻϵȱ˺һЩ
һЩү̲סЦˣҿǺõ̲סҪ˼ϴŰݰɣ
ǣæ͵
ԭ˻ȥԼҷ˵Сӵ顣үҲȻ̼ңǱϵ򵥡ټЩӰ˳ǹػضԼŮ뼾൱ү˼࣬ŲҵϢǿԣɴͰȶ˵
˭֪ãһʹˡ
زŹĹҵĳҲ򡣼ү֪үϵáճҪһ¡
Ϊүڴɣʵ佱һͨҲԼĹүֻ״ԪƿԼˡȻˣȴϲˣҲϣøԵүʵ佱һͨڽ飬˵ˡ
ү״Ҳƣֻһ䡣
˿ں񲻶ࡣ
صͷ˵ֻ̥ǹ岻ãֱɮʮǰüˡһֱھˮССǽŵõģǿɰȤ
һ֮ǰ˵ĻԼҶӿϵ칫ӣ
⺢Ӷ˼һͦģү˵
ף治ǡ༱úˣͲУ͸У
㲻ýˣҹվɣү˵
ף칫û
һ֪˼û𣿡үָżı˵˼ҶӺúõģΪʲôҪȥ㣬վ͹ȥԽٻʱ˼ҲȢˣҲˣҿôǣ
ҡ
үǰ˼һš
Ժ󣬹ͼ˰ɡҧҧ˵ʵ顣
ףϲ칫Ӳ٣ǣ칫Ǹ
⻰˵֮һƬž
ΣүŻع
˵ʲô
ףҹǸ˵Ȼ˴ңҲӦ֪Ϊδӽɣ
ҵ֪ҵ֧һֱҵļҲҹӻ¡үҶ˵ˡ
ǵġʱҹţɲŮװͱ֧ͷˡ˵һ£ΪôСӣΪڽʱҵ֧ͨˣүҩ
Ϣڼү˵ȸղΪԼǸ仹Ҫȡ˰Σ˵Ȼȥɣҵ롣
סȴӲȥԽ
֪֪ˡүӻ֣
ֿףһ𾪣ĵͣջҪһźá
ˣүϣԼҷˣ˵ⶼʲô°
˵ݵ
үȺȿڲ˳˳
ڲ˳⡣ңҲ߯ˣ
ŮˣʱǺͬˡ
үҲûа취룬Լµļҵһת۾Ҫ˼ҰռԼŮҪ˼󣬻˭취
˵˿ڲ裬ԼҷϵıЩּͣ˿ڡ
ôֻ꣬һһŮӻȥˣѾˡֲַԼǱҩ˵˭̵ˣ
۾
ҿҹñҲʲô˵ңͳǳûʵ÷𣿡
롣ү˵ǧҪܣ
ֲɵ˻һӣһۡ
⺢ӴƯܸԼӳףĺӿ϶ÿڼүûöʱ򣬼˾Ѿվһߡ


 43 

صԼԺ, ͱڻΪﶼ, ôɾͲأ
, СèҪ˯ţצӾһͨкԼŬŬһ, ֪Լ⣡ң˼ǿҡ౧һ£˯ŵİãۣЩãĿ, צӶ
ȥȥ⣬ҹôãԼҵ᲻ϲ
˯ȥඣ
ѰŵīС, ˸͡ʱڴ˯, ſ, Ҳϰ߶Ӹͣǿɰ
, Ҳ˯ˡǲм, ̵ǣ֪һ
Ժĸ˯, һߺȲһ顣
ʵһǺҵġ˵̼ҳǼף˿أҲ徻Ȼ֧ףȫȫβ꣬ɼǻǰЩȥݷˣҲǷǳġ
ֺγأү˵Ϊϲҹ˭֪ɾǹﱾˡˣ֪ߵغ񡣡
ҵҲǱƲѡϾҹӣҵɾûˡ˵ʶ棬û˭صԺ
үһڲˮ˵ҲҲ̫ĵطǵС΢ɣﻹĻصԺ𣿡
룬Ȼһƣ˼үһ
ٽһ϶ҪŲУʱҹߣ²Ǹˣ
Ҳԣү˵۾
۲۾ǻʵ۵һ仰֪ʵ۸Тֵ̫ͳûʵ𣿡
ү⻰Լҷˡ
˼ӣ
˵ͷ
ȻֻǹﴩװӣҲǸƯˡ
㰡үָһԼҷˣôòȡˣ
˰һۣ˵òȡ㣡
½½ҵճŮݹɫ˵̫áֻѣ½ҲԾܾ˻ʵۡ
½үŴѡһүûԼҹŮԼ͵ļү
Ƴ½һ֮ӶٻӰ
½ү谮Ů֪˼֮󣬿ĲѧƷͬˡ
ΪԼ࿴ĹϵԼҼڳǰ󷽷ذһ뿴
ҷү˵һү˵Ҫȿ˵ϾҸյʲô˽⡣
˵ͷʾ
ڶ죬ൽ˴£ȴȥңȶȻû̫ҽȥһˡ
ǡ˵껰ߡ
ȻȻ˵ȥ͵̣һţһзǻƸ칫Ӵȥ
֪ƫ̿ڵĵġ
˯һȻ첲ЩۣȶѾڴϿ֪˹ļ࣬üͷܼһֻӡ
ϲûûζġ
Ҳü֣˵ˡ
ɿ׽ˣ
ףⷹ˶û̵ζ
첲˿ٳԶΣҪ̵ġ߹ɵĶͷʱô죡
ףǸ첲ֲ̣ϡɻλӡ
ҲУεǼ
üͷһһ˼ࡣ
ʱ˹˵ˣɲ棬ֻ˳Ӵ
ӶԼҹģ˱߱룬үһø˵һôСĶסôõĹүɲˡ
һ˻Ůŵġ
ġ˵ŵݸһţ˵ˣһֻһ顣
ɡڴϸּۻۣ硢СС
С̬ȼ顣
룬ͷͬˡ飬ܱûеĺã
ҧһڣЦ۾ˣϲ͵̵ţˡ
Ӷá
ɳԵģԼ׵ĻһӾͱǺסˡ˰죬ŵ˸æȥ䡣СӱǺţͺá
ʲô˵Ӷȷʵܺð
ɶ죬ȴû˵ռԼҪȢֻ뻰ô˼˵óڣ
˿ɣⶼˣȻЦˡŮҲһ϶û
궫ȵˮɻ˵̫ҽ˵ˣ㾲
ȻвסշȵһΪ˸첲СһΡ
֮ȱҡòȥԼԺ˱
ɸո˯ѣȻϴһЩ£ˣ֪ΪʲôȻЩֽš
ҪҪ·֪ʵ
ɵͷ˿˵ˣڼҵĳԡҰͷһ¾ͺá
֪ɵԺѾǶ⿪ˣԼɲΡ
鷿ϣмһŷ
˯ѣʵ
ţɵͷ˯ʱ̫ãЩġ
˵ѾˣǸ첲أ۲ۣ
Ȼˡ˵Žӹ֪ݸıӣΪҩܺȲ裬Ͳˡ
飬Ǳľ¶ζЦſ˵¶ϲ
ɵͷ
Ҫл㡣ײҺȲ裬ˮûζȵûһɤӾͷɣҿ˿˿ģúܡ
ϲͺáЩգٴˣŶƿ
ɿΪЩ͵ӣЦ۾ˡ
һͺ㣬ҺȲأ
Ҽҳľص֮⣬¶վ͸ֻźȣˡ
ɼ⸱ģر񽫾ͷӡľܾЦͷ
á
༤òǲǣҲеϲԼˡ
Ǳ߲ôˣʵ
Ҫȥһˡ˵Ҹл˶Ǹˮ⡣Ҵһǧɽֵܲ㸣ˮ
һ£ˮֻܺȣǧҪȥܾãǸˮĶ
֪࿴˹Լﶼֿˡ
ҶɽԾĴºܴ󣬲ظѺû⡣
÷ǵ档ɷ±ɽɽҰޣȥǿԣɼ˼Իȥ̽һ
֪ˡ̫ҽ㾲ͲҪˡ
š
ɺ걭ˮתͷ֪
ٵһҡֲóС죬ֲúȲ裬͵úܡ
֪֪ԼƢӹӾȥˮ
һ߿ĵȻ˵һʱ
ĳ𣿡ʵ
ɵͷ˵ˣǼҵţϲл
֪ȥɵˮȥˣȥ໻²裬СѾſš
ЦֻСèɰƤԥһ£ͷ
𣿡ɵ۾ѹʵ
ǾһʱΡ˵꣬Ҫ
ã֪ҪˣһѰסࡣ
£
ɵָϸΪϸţ˼֮⣬ϸֻۡ˳Լֱۣȫֵġ
ղǶԲ𡣡ʱҲѹ
ɵһۣû˵
𣿡Ϊ˻Σһ⡣
϶ܰ˵ʵܣҪϢһգҲûа취
ɡ˵ĸ첲ﲻ
ס
˼䣬ɫˣŸ뿪߼ֻ࣬صԺϵЦضزסŮҪˣ
յңûԼԺӣͱ뵽˼үķ䡣
úȥĶˣүʵôŻ
ȥҡʵʵشΪǰ׷ӣ첲ذ׻ˡ
үˣԼҶһ᲻ϽԴ˴£⼸¶ģԭΪҹմˣǸӣǿúӡɵ̾˿ǸжֶһλţҲٽһ
˼ҹһȥ˼ұӻˣү̲סʵ
ץץͷ˵书Ӳᡣǰ˭֪ǹذףҲûзˡ
һһüүֱƤ

ү˵ͰһӵݸࡣԭǷүӹ١
ҹŻʼҲۼҵĶҲǷҸ𡣷үָүЩ飬ԣСӻã
ԭүԼҷ˸վһҵˣͽӵӣ˶ЩԵ֡ҪȻôǸո˾Ҿӡ
ֻҪȥͺãǼү˼ȻżҵģҲʹӦȻȥ١
Ҳɵ˵Ļر÷˰ѼҸҰһȻЩ˶š
˸׵Ļϵϲɫضزסүɵ̲סҡҡͷӦðҹպĺӣܴһЩ
ȥɣͷүӻ֣ʾ⼾Ͽ뿪
ǣ
Ժ˶ˡҪүˣӦܳɡ
ڶգл׼һǧƱ۾ȥ¡ͬʱ̲ˣлԵİ£Իɽ
Ժ˼㣬һɨصСУǫʵλСʦµĸˮô󣿡
Спһۣ˵˭ģ
һ£˵û˽ܣǰɽʱ˵ġ
ɵòˡС˵ĸˮ˽ܲܵá
Ӳ𣿡ʵ
Сҡҡͷ
ˮԵ
ҪߣȻ뵽ɸ˵Ļ
µĸˮΣԲܵõġһɽ²СܾˣӣǼǸ⡣
ఴɵĻԺݷһǧƱȫбţһֱһСС
˵ûΣǸˮŪ֡
౾Ըȴܾ͸аֻݷɢƱͳ˴š
ɽǰĵػһͷСлſ̣ɽȥ
ص£ûȵ̲˾ͻˡ
л˹Ȼ¶ˡΪ׵Ŵ˵ɽɽȻ⡣
ɽ֮󣬼װ׷ĵǱɽԭΪǻɽƧĵطȻмӡסһˡ
Իˣ˺Щ
ʲôŭԳʵ
˼ңɽµũⲻﺢӲˣԵ㶫
ɽûʲô˵ҴҰԣҲ
Ŵ˶飬סԼԼСӵĿΪ˲ݾߣʹ˸ɫһֵ뿪ˡ
¹Ȼ⡣˵Ҳ֪ҪѺôҲóóȻȥȣǺã
л룬˵½һȥʵ۰ɡ飬˭Ҳ
̫裬л˴ˣæ˽̲˶ڣȴɣЩɺ
أ
ػϣǰ׷ӣСˣڼأ
⻰һ˿Ц⣬⺢ӳø̫ӸƢҲȻ鶼档
л԰ѽյ˵ʵΪѵؿ
Щӣأ⡣أ´ݾߡ
ֻٵһȡ˵һ޾ûúòһסֵλǸаɮ
鷿ãٳʱѾ͸ˡ಻ȥңֻػؼȥˡ
ֱڶûɵЩģȥ£ʲôɣ


 44 

һҹû˯̤ʵ, ڶù緹ֱ֮¡
, 洫յתͷ, ֪أȻЦˡ
΢ЦԼҲ̲סЦˡ
ˣ
ߵɸǰʵ
ɵͷ, ȴԾһֱ̡
Цʲôʵ
û¡˵Ϊˣ˰ɡ
ˣҲ̫񡣡
Χע⣬Ķͷ, ȷʵˣŰġ
죬żһȭ, ת˴š
Ҳǹġæ׷˹ȥΪܵü, 㱻żһӡ
, תͷż೰Ц
ˣദ̫, ݱ, ϰҲǸĲ˵ġ
ѾҪ붬ˣȻģ紵, ˲ع·
һϸȺ˳ǡسǵʿϸ·ַ̧С
Ǹ˴ţǣȻӯô꣬ڻˡ
λС磬ˮĶ
λϸڲˮ̯ǰˮʵ
·ߡ˵ĸ·֣͵ˡˮ̯С˵Ŀ˰
޵ꡣϸ˵ôŵÿջöطǲסˣ
ɵúúù䡣С˵
ǵȻϸ˺裬ͭݸǸˣŰ뿪ˡ
λϸǱˣ衣
æŲٳַūյ飬˵ˣæ
ˡž˸
ˡ˵ͷԸ˸赹裬ǸŮã
ĸ̺أ˵ս׼Ų£ϲˣ׼ϲð
̺ø˵
˵Ӱͳһѵݸˡ
̺Ҹģ˵ڷ˹ˣҲֻһˡ
˽ӹϸܵţ̲ס̾
̺Ǹù
˵ѰʵüĿ
һ㶼ûС˵ô꣬ڲֻ֪һֱô룬
żʵڲУȥʶ˶࣬зӡ˵⺢˵˼סڼҾڸڸ˼ӡͰԺӣ໥ҲиӦԺҲֻסһˣǸѸҲ徻
ɶлˡЦ˵ΪҪǴã᲻ǮֻɸһСӾͺá
˶ٷǲ˴ȥԺӡ
߽Ժӣͼһ˱Ժϴ·ϸƣⱳӰô죿
׷ˣˡŮ˵

Ǹ˵֮վ÷һԵӲ֣ת
һӶסˡ
׷ˣλҼҷ˵衣ŮЦ˵
úúáλ˵ס°ɡ
ŮѰŵߵָ᷿׷˿˼䡣
裬ȻȥˡŮ˵ϼǵù÷ǹҪأ
һһ˵
ŮԺ󣬰׷˹Ժţߵţĸ첲´һ
Ȼ㣿׷˼촽ڷȻ㣡
ҲῴŰ׷ˣ˵û뵽Ȼһ㣬áʲôʱģ
ȥꡣ׷˵ȥ˵˵
û̫ϣʵ
һֱӼ׷˵Ȳ˵ôҲʶҹӣ
ǸŮǰĿˡ򵥵˵һ飬һĨڣû취칫ӡ
ҿ˿ѹ
֪С˭λ칫ӡλŮװ
ʲô辪ȵصɴ۾ֲһֱ̫ӡǣ׽㣬ȻСȥݣôȴң
⻰˵ɾͳˡ׷˵˱裬
ԭհϴС뿪֮һ·ȥݡϾúܣһ·ܾ˸ԼԺСġ䵥ԼǸѸźͶңһ̻Ķ飬һ·ݡ
ǺС˼ջס¡ҹʱ˯ߵſڣȻŷ﷢վš
м¶ˣϰ롣
ڶգæС뿪ջݳ˺üȦȴһֱ˦ˡۼɫԽԽڣϵҲԽԽ١
ûа취Сι˲Űţ飬˲÷ںӱߵ«έԼˮһ·ǰΡ
Ūܴ󶯾ûһϴĽŲ˵
˾ں׷ҾͲźӲϰ
룬֧һʱ֮󣬵˸«έܾǱˮ
£ˮ̹ǣȴһҶֱãϲСڵĵطȥ
صүո˰СϽ¹ϵıƿĵԼôһտ϶Ҫġʱ˵չСܱסǼ˿Ҳǻ˼ңСңȸ߸ȫ
ôţϾͷү˺ӡ
ˣŴˮһֻЬӵˮŶ뿪ûȲѣÿ˰һ˵Ĵš
Լ¹ѣûӰżҸ˳֮ȴֺĶȥˣס
Ҳ챣ӰϣǼһѸĶӡǸ˼ָԼ࣬Ҳ٣ס
ղźáúȥջ﹤˳ǻ˼ҡ
ҿԺãܿʹǼǳҡ룬Ա˸Ժӡ
Щ꣬Ӽһֱڴҵ顣˵ݣҾݡؼһ˽꣬Ҿ͸ŻؽꡣҲ˹
ܿˡ˵
ͦõġЦ˵Ȼûһֱߣﰵػ˶ǺˣҲǸСһļңɱȸǿˡ
̫Ǳߣʵ
Ҳˡֽ̫С˵ҼǺÿն߸˵ģɼ֪ԼġԣҺǲĴࡣ
ǣչҪ֪ġ˵Ȼ誱ϾΪˣڻʼܺ˹褣Ҳúúõġ̫ôõľ֣Ϊһ𣡡
ûп
ڻʼң
Ȼô˵۾ҲѾˡ
Σϳ̾˿
ȥ°ɡֻǲ֪Žֽ
ܻġ谲οǼڹŮһ·£ȫȫβسֽ̫˵ǴˣҲŽ㣬ƽġ
ͬʱ̾˿
˳⼸չΪơãǲûТ̫ӵĶĻȥ飬²ϲˣҲˡһʱΪգҤĻƿˡ
ĶŮҲԽԽ󣬳ƯƯ߶ҪԼŮѰɫĹү
ŮǲûзţѾˡۼĴŮ޸μҵСӣӲڡ
ŮݹǿϸŮģĹүҲŮܼ޵õģ
˳ƫϣҲŮѰ˼ңټϴŸʵ۱ͷ˼ȥ˼ࡣ
˭֪㼾Ͳʰ粻˵ЩӸǷųڸС࿴Ϣ
ʶôĶ褰պ˻ʵۣһǺÿ
ܿ죬͵˷үӵٳ˵˷ҷ˵Ժһ˾ˡ˼ԼߣĵⲻϹذȻԼҳ˸״ԪɣǹټҷˣҲûԼһ
ԴһžͰˣĵֲɳüТ̫лˣ˵Ķͷøлһ⻬һǸиġ
λ໥֮󣬾ͼ졣ҼҸһ𣬲Լͬض뵽һĴ㡣
Ҽҷ˵ǰˣ˿ڡ
һ⻰֪ǰ鶼ҷ˵ˣţ
СӼҼҲ£ֳ嶯ˢӾǰ塣ԵͷˣҲˡ˵ʱҵıͼ̫ҽûúллء
˵Ҫ˰ס֡
ѵͶԵֵʲôģ  
һӾˣͬˡϵϲɫǲضزס
˿ĵҼҷӦúܺãǰλ˵õó֣ȴԾɼԺûĵ¡
ˣҳȴ˵ǫҲǷǳ⡣պ޽ңû˻Ϊ̼̼ҳá
ǰգ̲סɣҪҪȥѰס
ҡҡͷ˵ǼȻҪңֺοȥϸأѲɵﲻҪң
˵˵̲סһ£ֻ̻ݵ׶а
Цˡ
׾Ů֪̼ҵĵճŮú
Ų˵ɱڻ˵ֺγѰסֻ޲źá
ⲻͽˡЦ˻أԶԶҵĵף
ԼҹŮԼǺ
ԺһҲȰүĵλҲТ̫Ӱ˵ҲǶ˶һխģûһ˿һĵطأ˵˳Ҳ˵
ү˼Ȼǫ񣬹ȴ˿ûбܻԼ˵ݣû˵ͭζüָ߿ࡣǸ˼ҽףҲǼ¡ϾӣպҪֳȥġ˵ҲǮиǮչǺõġ
үҲüǫͲưҲǷǳ⡣˻һ˼Ȼ̸


 45 

ү˻ؼҵʱ, Ѿˡ˵ˣæȥԺ
, 
е, үȴûֱƤ
£ү˵žŮ¡
ĸ׽աΪСӣһϲڵǰգȻŤ
үδ飬ǾЩɰ, ʱϷʡ
շҵĲ˲ү˵ϷҲǸСݺȣת
סȻıͿǶҺ, ǲǾ仰ﲻ̤ʵ
˻·վǶ, Ц߹ȥ˵㸸׸˵ʲôˣ
תͷүһϷı, һת, һ⡣
׸ղ˵ϷӵСÿ
Ŷ
һüү
, 𣿡
Ȼ, Ǽүȴ޶˵һ󵨺
˵ү˵Ҹղ˵ҶҺ⡣
⻰ֿ򼾷ࡣ
ģ
õ˸׵׼, ۾Цˡ
ǡղˡϢȸˡ
˵꣬ˡ˿ӣЦᶼˡ
ȻǶ⣬ǺӣʲôʱŻŮװ˵
үۺӣ˵ҵ˸Уֻǲ֪һ᲻ͬ⡣
˵үԱߣǼʲô
ѽҵ֧鶼ү˵ͽ͵ͨΪʲôҺҪŮװˡ³򣬶ҾǺʵ۾ûвԭµĵ
˵ͷ˵һЩ˵֣ү˳ҲǺТ̫ӻлˣôǺӳøТ̫һģһҲ᳤߯ˡ
˸ĸ׼ţ˵һ϶û˯ãڶȦЩࡣү֮󣬵һۣⲻĶӣ
һ̤µţͿϲġ
ֵ֪ˣʵ
ҡҡͷ
뵽ôЩˣ
໹ҡҡͷ
Ϊʲôôˣ
룬֡
Ҹ㡣
ʵں棬յߡ
˵ɡ
࿴ŷڣû鷢¶׵Ķ䣬Ȼͺ
ҵȥҺˣǻؼҸ˵ЩӣӦþͻȥס
ɵ˼һۣø첲żؿھ˹ȥ
˵˵
ôǺ˵˵ء˵֪ܻܵСܵȵġ
ɿż࣬˵˵ϲأ
һ£˵ҲûϵҾ͵ȵ㲻ϲ١
ȵãҵȵ𣿡ʵ
ô˵ͬˣЦ⡣
ûͬⰡЩͷԣʲôʱͬģô֪
ղ˵İ㲻ͬ⣬ͲҼҵȲȵ⡣
ҡɾԼƽȥˡ
ҿ˿ûעǣѹɤӶݺݵضԼ˵ģҲޣ
ûϵܵȡҲѹ˵õĹ٣Ҿ͵ãϰʮˣҵһǷϼȢš
ȻСϴ¥ҲûȥҵĻȴǵһһ˵һӾͺ͸ˡ
˵ʲôأлʱʵµôô졣
Ұٸ´¥ݡ˵ûȥúúô
лԹЦˣ˼
ɼлˣסࡣ
㲻˵ʱ¥ĳ𣿡
һ㶡
ʲôʱ˵
֮ǰİӣڻԺ˵İ˵㻹˵¥Ĺб˲֪ĺô
ɵˡʱҹҹΣΪԼԸ˵ãΪ˷Լãԡ
Һ˵ġ˵
´һҡҡͷ
񣡡
˵꣬תˣȥٿڡ
пԣ֪ǸͲôǷˣ
£лϹξͻصԼԺӡŷϣ˵ûô
ϵͷ
Ǿ˰ɡл˵Ǻͳˣû׼Ӷˡ
ϸ밲οл䣬š
ȥɡл˵
ʲô£ϴʵ֮ͿСˡ
λ̴Խ˵ʦ̫¡Сô˵
֪ˡȥɡ˵ţ۾һ㲻ضˡ
СתˡϵǽæغԺš
Ƕλôҵˣʵû̫𣿡
ȥ˵˵ܶѾŵȫһˡ
лŰϸϽȻô꣬ǳһ㣬òû䡣Ծվʶȥһ˶ûС
̫ϸһڶһ˸
λ𡣡л˵ôҵģСأѵߣ
̫ġСõúܡϸæο̫˵
лϵĻЩ㶡ԼŮֻһǽȴûгȥ
ȷʵ֪Сͳȥ顣л˵Ҳ֪ײ׼ҥҹ̫˽ӡ
ô죿ʵ
ҵıģӸ𣬿Ǽڹãֲġл˵Ѿ褶ˣ飬ܵ취֪
ϸ϶ͷ
أлʵ
Ӧҡ˵ʱ
ϣһšл̾˿
٣ʵ
ив㣬誴ͨݺ̫ӵ֤ǰдױšл˵Ҹ׵ָ֮˰ٺáλлףӲһдġ
ǹƾһҲβﰡ˵
лҡҡͷ˵ġᵽ˺ܶ๬ֻ͢й˲֪
Ϊʲô߻ʵۣϺȻʵ
Ƿûл˵ʱҲ֪˭δĻʵۣ֪Խ٣òԽá
ڣЩò⣬ȥ
лҡҡͷ
ʺվҪȻҪҵĺţҾͲʺ߻ʵۣʱ򣬾ͺˡǺǸԻʵۣв
ڲסֵϢףˡΪ޹Ӱͨˣӵ롣ЩУܿס˽ţΪͨ𷨳࿡һڡ
Ǹɮ˵ʲôأ
ʲôҲ֪ڿ϶׶˵ڣмǧˡ
֪ĸˮʲôˡ˵ݹˮÿֹʹã»ó񫡣ڣޡ
ڸô죿ʵܹȥ˵ҲŰ
⻹򵥡˵Ļԣдͨǵͨ󣬶˶
˵õǼ򵥣𣿡
ɿۼ࣬һüëָָԺһ˵»ȦѮգͻйʿ
šҡҡͷ
͵ŰɣЦ˵
Ұɡλӣ֪⡣
ѿ𣿡ʵ
ҡҡͷҺûȥôῴѿ
ⶹѿأöӷŵˮšգͻ᳤ѿ
ץץͷΪʲôҪЩ
𿴶ѿһ趹ӷĶѿʯ嶼ܶ˵ڸӣһ趹ѿȥ֮ٷһʿ񡣹գʿ𣡡
л˵ȥʵһᡣס֣ײҪǶˣͱ볹ײС£ȥ¥¥µ顣
ǣӦüʹ죬ֿԹظɵദǳˣȥɣ
һߵ˼һۡ
ã˾ͽȥһõĲ¥ֻãƲҲá
ģҹЩӾҵȥףòãʵ
ɰһۡ
á
Ϊʲôʵ㲻ϲң
תͷŴ۾˵ô֪
ΪʲôʵҲ𣿡
գգ۾
ϲǲϲòûʲôϵ
ϲʲôģŸġƶᡣ
Ҳϲ㣬һϲһˡ˵ûϲˡ
롣
Ҳ˵пܻϲңԲԣ
ɾԼͲͨ˸İ۸
˵䣬˾͵˲¥ѡ˸λ
￪˵
ɼǰ󶼻ûˣֿʼ֮ǰĻ⡣
㵽ϲʲô˰
˱ɿһ£ѹ
ҲԼںԺ˵ˣҾֻܻصԺΪһ˵ӣܶຢӵĸסÿղʲôʲôҪô񣬺Ҫ͸ʦÑЩ飬Ҳϲ
ûϵҼˣǻЩġ˵
أʵʲô
顢ͻʲôʲô
ҲǰҲ뱻ںԺɱ࣬Ԫ㻹ûףҼ治ǵ죬һصԺҲġ
Ҫڳ͢һ𣿡ʵӣҲҪ׵ġ˭ף
˵ʱδ޳Ȼٷų磬˵šĹȣȢͺˡ˵
㡭඼챻ˣ֪۾֮
һӲͺˡ˵һڲ裬֮ʷϼһأϾȻǸŮȤ
ʵ֪ԼһӲףͲͬ⡣һһ㡣࣬Ȳ
ʱ˵ͣס
ҪϺʡ˵
Уһ仰͸ˣϺǷ˿ڲ
أ
ҲǷ
һѲ˵ӵϡ
ҲУҲСҲˣɡ
Ȼ뵽˵һ仰һǶ㷢Ƣ㣬ϲ㡣Ļ㶼˵
̧ۿɣֱ̲ס͵Ц˵ǶԵġ
̼졣˵ˣԣòã
Һˣ㣿ɻǺҺˣ׻óһҰԵĲˣ
룬һԲ
ζƽԳһ㡣
ɳˣϲľǺʣЩӼɿڣҪˡ
ãЦ۾ˡ
ԽԽһ
лҪ˵ģڶʮʮ˵

 46 £׽棩

һú, ûһǰˡɸ಻Լͬѹ, רע˵̸, ϣܵõһµϢ
µס֣Ƿ𷨸ޱȡһ˸̾
أڸ˺Ȼ˻֮ǰȥһ, ۿ顣
ɸһۣĬĬ֧䡣
Ϊ֣ö˶뵽⵱С
ƶ˷˹棬Ҳ, ֻʢԲݸ
лɽӹЦеسһڣϲ۾, 㲻֪Щӱ׹, С㶼ˮ
εЦЦ, ͺһڳԵģôôݡ
ù, к˵ơ
ˣ
˵, Ӧ롣
ã˵꿴ŵƣǵϡ
֮ͳӸСơ
лˣСЦ
ȻɱԼøӸ硣
һϢȻ, ͦҵġ˵ҼҽԪһȥϢһ£վˡ
⻰ϲ
ԿԡæشӦڣرһ
һ·߻ңȥԺȸ밲ͱסˡ
ȥ˵һͺá˵ٲдҶˡ
ô˵Ҳ͸鷿
ԣֻ򷢲ȥšӣ·Ҳûʲôˡ
㿴Ǹ׵һǰչʾԼķ¡˵Щի֮ſ񼣣ԣի϶⡣
ͷ˵ճ³ֹǶѿĹ͡
֮ǰȥ˾ڡ£ǾͿʼСʧ£ԽԽࡣ˵Щӣв֪ʲô;
εǣµĸˮ²еġ˵⸣ˮӣʲôϵɣ
пܡ˵ܵøˮ룬ֽǸɵй
ңôڣ˵ײıš˵ȥлˣ£뾡촦˳̣ɾһʰˡ
ɵͷʾͬ
һ迴ɫؿŷɫˡ
Ȼȥˡ˵顣
á
໹ȥԺ밲պү
ǴĶģôģʵ
ɽү˵
ȥɸæʵûĸˮɣ
ˮأүǸߡ
ɸԴ󾪣»ʲôǲ֪
븸˵˵꿴򼾷࣬ԪȻ߰ɡ
үһ裬ϸظǽ
գүҡǮһ÷ӵ顣ù֮ǮүصرʾҪȥ˲õĵط
үԺãӣҲû˭֪һ˾һ·ɽ
ϵģʲôүʵ
ǮүһЦ˵ɽɲһȥ
ү֪ڲסֵ飬Ǿ衣ĬĬؼסʱ·ϣܸһЩ
ʱͣˣү˳ֲǸ򵥵ԺӣĵүѲҪıƺ
ǮүүɻЦЦҲûͣǰͳһƵݸԺӵˡ˿һۣŴҽݡ
ߵһǰã֮ʹ¡¡һţӳ
߰ɡǮүЦ˵ôһǾ֪ˡ
үүһۣŲ˽ȥ
±ж죬޽ĸûʣȻԺҪ
Ǯүˣ֣ͼһȺʮС˳Ů࿡
үүһ£ʹ˸ɫŶǮү˿ڡ
Ǯϸϲǵĵġɲ̫Ŀζ
Ǯүһ£˵ҿǰЩ˷С檣ʮꡣ
үԣɨȺһۣ˵С檣û
˵꣬ǰȻһ¡
Ǯүֿү˵أ
үҲЦҡҡͷ
ŮôȻҪźá
״Ԫɵĸף˵šǮүЦļ򣬡£
ЩӺƯү˵ֻǻ£ʱҪȥǣ˰ûʲôģҲǶͲ붯ˡ
ҶҶǮү˵
ɽүͣ£үĳ
ȱµ˸ӡүȻЩ֣
ؼҪ˵ү˵֪үɷ֤ˡ
Ȼԡүͬ
лүǰӡүЦ˵
⻰үЩ˼
֮ǰҼҷ˵ĴӲûд˵ЩмҲϸƤ⣬һǼٰ۳衣
ү⼸Ӽү˵ɽˣɲ⡣
סүͷһġ
˸׵Ļɸ඼ˣǧ㣬ȴû뵽ЩյĺӾȻ³ǳԾ
²ˡ˵лˣؾ촦
˵һ߽ӿڣھȥлˡ
Ҳá˵ȥү
룬˵Ժûסˡ
Ҳͷ֪ôܣǮүô׷ԼҸ׸ү뿪
˴ŷūȥס˵ҼһиԺӣڲԶһֱûסүļҾȥסܱܷͷ
ȻֽүҲƳ˼С˼Լҷ˴ŷūȥң˵Լȥأ
л˵
ԼɵŮл˼ңү̲ס̾˿ӣûϡҲãеĥˡ
һ˱ּ·үȥң֮ȥ˴£˸ūȻؼңױ֮ȥлҡлѾҪ˯ˣֱ
£үְѸղŵ˵һ顣лۺӣ˵ھд裬¸ԪԲߡ
лԸոհд꣬ѲʿҸңˮˡ
ڣȻһƬž
ֱү˼žȺ˸ӣ
үҲһ£Ƿ˸ūңҪˡ
ھȥʵۡл˵ţҪȥ
лԵıӰ˼£ӿ
ң˸æ˰һСԺӣڼҵǣȻ󣬵Ǹֺܺãɵġ
лˡЦ
ˡ
˵꣬ͿĸķūСһﲻ£Ҫ˯ͱЩֲޣֻ۾ЩԵɣǵüϲ
Сһ̲סֹȥ
ĸ˵ͷͰѷūˡ
ǿɰ˵޲֣ÿá
ū˸ĸ׵ŵ㣬ټƤ𪣬էһȻķơ
ӿ᳤ֵͷūԼЦϲ
꣬͸ϲСˡЦ˵ܺ޲üüӲźá
أҲһ߽ӿڣиӿֲأ
סš˵ǧҪԺСҲиŵ棬ֻҿ٣ǲʹģ˵
һ¡ƣ⣬˿ԺӵļҶ˶˹ԺӶסˡ˾Ȼô٣Ҳҡ
ڻʺİʵл̸̾͹˵лʱ򣬴׼û¡
֣ϾҪӮˣʱ򱻴ţ˭Щˣ
̶˯ɡ˵ʲô£ǻزˡ
ע塣л˵
֪ˡֲҪһ
ʵ۷ġлϹŵ΢ЦȴСˡ
·˳ȥл˿˵СƱ
Сùǿɰ
ŮΪлķƣܿͰСƱƶ
л̱Сϣ̰һӵġСƱ飬ζǱ߳塣
ѽôлһ֣Сƾ֣úõӣɢһء
ڽɢˣл̰룬Լʾ֭ӣȻս£ɲ˼
ԡ
л˵ţȴСƵëụ̂Ǹ鷳أְɣúõķҪѧʲôΧ壬ѻʵ۵񫹴Լ²ŪԼ
Уý㣬л̾ԼһҪðɺú÷ʡһ¡
̫лԵĻǳ𾪡
¾Ȼ˴󵨣ŭ˵ȷʵϡ뼾취մȥ£
ǡл˵
Ҫ˵⳯˭˵ֻǸ۵ǣʵżȥȻ
ӵʱҲۡȻùʲÿûٰĸ֪ԼⱲӦþֻһˣǳ谮Щ
겻ɹޣޡֻТ̫ӾԼܵܺȤΧվ쳤ͳТ̫Сβ͡
Т̫ӱޣһóд󳼶°͵飬Ѽ֤ܶݣ뿵ɵۡ󣬶誱Ϊˣ褳ɢүûõĻӣΪ̫ӡ
Ȼ㣬ִ˺һϳҲΪТ̫ӵĹϵһî㾢ظԣµҲƽֻЩˡ
лԻ˻ʵ۵Ļ룬˵ŪڵĿˮմȥ
УʿҪȪ¡ֻ氵вš˵ҸԪֻ
Ҫʲôʵ
ʲôһüҪµסֶ
̲סôôš
л˴˰ɽΧȽӵҵϢ˽ȥ˵Ҫֳ̫󶯾ЩӣպҪ˵ġ
лԵͷʾˡ
ڴ׼һϣڶգʹ˳˳ǡ
ɽ£ʿɽಢ˸ӣС⽡
мɰգʵ
û˵ֻҨһֻ⽣֮üͷ
ôˣæеʵ
첲ۡüͷ֪վӦġ
̲ס̾˿
±ϣ̫ҽưɡ
áҡҡͷͺϿˡͺá
»ػ̰̰졣̲סɵĶͷ³Եͷ˰ɡ
ɷ˸۸С⽡
Ļ󡣡˵𣿡
ʲôµġаʤ˵⻰ʱɷ
Ӳ죬ֿ˿ͷ˵߰ɣɽȥ
һɽ£ÿס˳ݡ
¡˵ֵʳָָָˡ
лѡ
˵Цǰȥվ׸ǰ
лҪ˵ڶЩˣ˼
վһӦЩϾǴ棬Ҫϸá

 47 

, ŹȺƲסؿϲô, ڡǵ, ϿȣǵĹݹǫһ̣ԼľǸ߸ϵoǧڵ
Ȼ, һվǰ˼ɼֱֱͦģ·һѩɡϵ΢Ц⻹Ҫü֡
Ϊβ򣡡׵ӣ϶´, ڿտĵطЩͷȵζڣͷ­ֵ˼֡
ΪҪ򣿡˵, 죬, , ףʦ, Ϊι㣡
, ЩڵϵˣЩ̲סͷ
֮ΨҶ𡣡׵ִ
, ȼ(1)˵һ£㣬Ǻˣ
û˵ֻǶؿɡ۾䣬·Ҫ˿ȥһ㡣
Ӧ񿴹ȥ˿ûη塣
o¶԰ǧʮ˾㡣ʱʳʱ³ֲʳڳдεѣ(2)ʦ˵ƽȣʦȴڷֳŵȡǸˮû󲻵ãûҲ󲻵áΪΣ
׿һۣ˵///Ե/ˡ
⻰ӻͳԼŵˮҡ
Ȼ˵ҴɽոλԵȶȴҰɡԸ⣬糢⸣ˮ
׵۾һſλµģ
žأݲ
˵꣬վȥǵı飬Щ׺ݡ
ôܽзأЦ⣬ηЩΧȺҽղʦ۷𷨵ģʦǲҰɣ
һվţ˫յýģ֮ǰѾ˵ˣɲ˵ЩǰǣںΣա
׸Ҫ˵ȺȻһɧ
ʦʥˡһ
£һ񻺻ش¶
ˢˢعȥͣسߵݣһʱЩ
̧ʾͣ£Ӹµؿɡ
λ̴Խۣʵ̲סϲǷ汣񣬳ʱոպá
û˵ֻǸݹȥһ񣬼⣬ĵơƴ
ʦû´Ļ棬һ趹ѿɣ˵ţֱЦˣ춼ڰ
߳ŭ֮ݲ˵˵
һʱЩ׽͸ǰλ˵۷𷨣ôơ
λϵѾ嵽ɸǰǰȭͷҪӵˡ
ֻһ
ûеģ֪ˡ
⻰˾ȥڿ˷أûһһ趹ѿ¶˳
񼣣СʱҼҳûٺ档˵
ڵϵˣʱѾЩվվǰˣطֱۡ
ףҸ㿴ʲôķ𷨡
˵ţĳϡ£Ө񣬷·һ㡣ĴһûһƾһŻ
˷һ󾪺
ЦЦͳ˹ȥ׻æ㿪˿ûиղŵ̩Ȼ
뿴𣿡ƣأҶû˼翴µĺ
ʱڼʾ£Ѿ˹ȥˣûһһަ˳
Ϊˣƭ˵𣿡˵ָǿަɲʲôަⶫ޳ʳ»á׹իٽе̴㲢оԼǾΪ񼣡ڴҲһ£񼣣һģһģ
˽Σҡҡͷ
⸣ˮ˵ڰƵİˣڣÿֹʹã»ó񫡣룬⸣ˮǼղãǲǷǳܣ
˵ͷڲ䣬ԽԽԶߡ
ҸղŻ𣬾͸򵥵ġ˵ͳһӣմӫۣ˭ùȥһ£һŻ
һһߵ˵Ӵӹشһ¡Ƭ̣ȻһŻһӵ˵ϡ
񼣣뿴ܱʮ˸˵ָף޵ĺУΪ˽֣ͨŲܵ
Ҵ˳հҵȫʵʵ¡˵գ˫ֱȭʹڵĶ˹񣬡ҺαҪɮ
׼Լĵϸ˵һּ˿ǰæֱȥ
һЩڸҪȥ׷סˡ
״Ԫɲȥץ𣿡ʵ
Цˣ˵ʵӢ沼޵ӵȥ
ʥӢ˵
֮ǰµǮ̲᰸֮󣬻Ϥ˻ҡ˵ΪˮģҲĪšʥ˹ҽΪҩȥҲˡ
лϡ
£Ŷͷ
վһߣƲס̣⣬־žɡ
˵ûڳˮޱȿԼǰںԺϲ
ǲɢˣɴ˳£ɿףˣÿ˲ǳ¿ˮ飬òǱ
ɵɢȥִ֮ȥɽ
̲Ʒ˵ɸࡣЩǣҲš
ɽ֮ӡ
Σ
ҡҡͷǼӣ۾ˡ
Ҳ̶á
˿˵Ƕ֪Լ˭ҵ𣿡
֪һ̲˵
ɵͷ˵λҸӣЩӾͱȥˡǻһ飬ɱʹ졣֪ͨǼɡЩӣպҪأ
á̲ԼһһŮ겻߰ꡣЩӵĲ״һĺˣҲܲá
̲˴µˣɸŴµЩӵĵˡ
̲סḧۡ
أʵ
ղ̫ˣһ¡˵ֵЩˡ
ҼҽŮͷưɡ˵첲㻹ҪҪˡ
룬Ҳֻˡ
ɫغЩͯ˻ȥŮֻͯǼӱˡ
ô£ɿ̲ʵ
ˣЩӵļҳӶˡ
ЩҲǵĹⰡ˵ţֺݺݵһӣ۵ᶼˡ
̲סһ£ʾҪ
˵ˡǲСҲѺǹ˵
ȥ̲˵˵š
ȻЩӲʮ꣬ǶѾˡһʹ˵͵͵ؿ
ɸ޷ȥ壬Ǹֿˣ˼һͷ
̲鸵Ҳû취ȥ˻ʵۣ󣬻ǻʺл̳˸Уȴȥ£㡣
Ůͯźҹȥ¡Ϊ⣬ɸ౻סС
ҹɫлһ棬һ۲ؿɣ⺢ӣ׳һģһ
лҪ˵(1)(2)ԡվ
ռ˫

 48 

·ǳ, סϧЩӣܿ͸ǰźסĵط
лס֡˵, Щֻס, аˣǻӵġΪ֮ǰ飬סֶһЩ
˷ġס˵
һߣû˵࿴һ, ֹȥָ
û¡˵Ǹղżʱӣ첲Ǻòˣ
̾˿ѹ͵͵͵ġ
ŵ㣬ȥŮҽơ
źЩŮͯ, ɾ͸ϻسǵų΢𣬼ѾɵѪ
ܲʵ㣿ε˵, Ҳ֫ȫС
Цˣ˵һעġ
ұյòʣʲôˡ˵, ͸ү˴ŷū, Ҽ÷Էס°ɡ
⡭ЩΪѡ
÷ԷиŶ⿪ţСҼҲṩطˡ˵Ŵյɸǰ, , պָŮһȷųͶĻϢ
ɵ˼һۣ־Ҫȥ, һסˡ
첲ˣҶƲ𣿹֡
ǡСʱÿձʶ֣˺þòŰ˵
˵䣬͵˼Ƶ÷Էһ˳
ȥԸ첲ľ˻ûá
СȻЩ֣뵽ɫ⸮ҲֻһŮҽҲˡѾʮ꣬䲻ʮߣҲù˼Ů
÷ԷһžͲȵһĶһСȱʲôݺݵץһ¡
Űˡ˵긩СèڻڣҲڿɣ
ץץͷȷʵû̫ע⡣
˸үԺ˵æ˳
סɱèܵߣ첲ۡ
ơ˳żЦһ£ɽݡүںҲߣ໹㶵վ̲סʹ˸ɫˣȻ࣬ܺԼҹŮĺܺá
˲ͶүЦžͽݡ
Щӵһֱ۴䣬˰ȥСĵذѹŵ޲𿪣ֶЩŧˡ
⺢ôôСģЩ
ҡɲ֪ôش룬תͷ򼾷࣬ϣܸԼΧ
룬˵ˣµԹң֮ǰȥһҵԲ
ڡ˵Ǹèһ˽
ʱϹˣ˸үæ
ϸؿɵĸ첲˵Ҳ̫أŧϵҩͺãеۣ칫ŵ㡣
û¡˵Сʱϰ䣬ûˣϰˡ
ϴ֣룬֮˿ڡһʵڿȥͷൽһߡ
ڣ˿ڴãҩ֮ϸá
ٹơ˵մˮжע㣬վܺϿˡ
˿ղ۵۾ˡ
ͷˡ
˸үϳţ˲ע⣬ϸɵ
˵û£ˡ
Ѿöˡ˵ɽЩŮͯô
̲סɵĶͷ˵ЪЪɣЩʵԻᴦ
ܾЩӿպ󳣰ƹŷ̫˰ɡ
˻һӲأЦŴȤ
ɵһۡ
ÿ˵£þʹáϲ㣬㿪ĲӦ顣
ɿһʱ䲻֪λػ
أһҪ׵ġϸһ˿ЦȸҹﶨףٷŻﲻȢأҼոһֲı˵㡣
ģɷ˸ۣȥɣʲôʱˣ
֪ˡҲϢ
˵ŻҪߡ
ȵȣɺȻ˵
һֻŶżˣָæһ·Сܻصɸǰ
˵ʲô
շֿá
Ŷ
Ļϲعȥȴһˮӿû͵СĽر̲סЦˡ
ˡ
۾ģȻͺȥֲܳ嶯ֻĶӡ
ɾԼ˼ҼסôҲվ˵㡣
˳˴ţͿſվţˣһʱ䶼ЩΡ
үȥСүˡ˵ūţʲô飬ǰûˡ
ô˵ǲԽ˵ԽüЩЦδĸĹǹˣֻʣǰļˡ
úϢ
˵꣬Цݵسȥˡ
£лصԺԾЩÿТ̫ӡԼվһ۾ϳϸƣﻹЩԼӰӡ
Т̫ӵŮȴƯжҲʲô
һֱŸղŵΡȻϡ
ǺԱ˭ļҹӣ
Ǽҹӡ˵Сһ̽һ״Ԫ
лһ£ӿɵ񣬼ֱ
ôö˹ϵܡ
֮ǰˮʱ򣬼ȷʵš˵ǵΪͬŹϵãʲôԭ򣬾Ͳˡ
˶ǺӾСģҲ¶мҿѾ֪ǺŮл˵ҸղţǺӵ˼Ҳһ㡣
룬ȷʵˡ
лĬ˺ܾã˵ջʺֻ˵ݰǺӷŵӱ߾ͺáĲҪ˵ˡ
ΪΣϡϲ趼Щ⡣
ʵۣԹ˼ǡл˵Ǻãһ·״ԪɣǾЩˡڻʵ۵ĶǻΪΪ֮ԣʵԲ࣬ࡣ
ūˡ˵
Слֿϣ誵Ļֻ˵һ룬Ҫἰɰ㡣
ס˵ֻ˵˳ɽɢҥԣ˵Т̫ӵĺӻ
ԡл˵ǶˣʵôҲ褵ġ
ңһʵ
ʵʲô˵ʲôл˵
ǡ
ȥЪŰɡл˵ɽЩӣʱ䣬չЩЩӿŶۡ
˯һҹڶˬҪ˸Լĸ첲ذַȥҲ֪ʲôʱܺá
˴Ьִ˸Ƿ
𣿡
үˡ֪һ߰·һ˵үһҪȥˮҪСȥ̫үϷʰ
ôҪŷūЩ棬ڼҲ𣿡
Ųأ֪Ц˵ۼҵСӣҲ֪أͶ˼̫үϷ˵Ե˴ȥ񣬾͸ˡүȥˮһ죬λ˼ңСһ졣
ūɰֲ˼ֶϲСӣҲ˵ϵ˸׼ﲻˡ
ҲӦ֪˵ԽԽˣ紵ţ϶Ͱ͵ˡڶã۵ġ
ɵ֪Ķͷ˵Ұʣ
˴£ڸĹΧһָָ㡣
Ǵɣ´аɮľһŮ˵˵
ҲܿأһŮ˵
Цһ£̧Ⱦͽ˴¡
ˣЩµʱѾڷˡ
Ϣÿɺãߵʵ
ܺá˵óϣҵĶǺ޴úܡ
첲õûʵϻȥٸ㻻һҩ
⻰ԽԽŤ˵صͬһطƵġ
õȥˮ˵
ûϵʲôʱʲôʱȥ
Σֻõͷ
ҵĻյúܴ󣬺û£ֻʧЩҸҵֲ˱Ӹݷݡ
ҳŵʱֵǮĶϣֻʧ˲ٹֻ
ү֪£Ǹү˸⡣
ǣˮﵽλò̫áԺӡˮӣݡ
үⲻ˵лүָ㣬ֻǶߵķѰмС
ð졣ү˵и£ؼһϼҶǡͷֽѰ˰һԺȥ
ǿ̫ˡүǸˣסǼԺܣָϲáȻѾĬϼԼĹүǴȥչá
ԺԼҸǣߴţЩơ˼޲һֱסɳײźáԺ⸮иϲĹҲú˸ˡ
ڣʮ³һл𴲣÷ϸɮ£ּ򵥵˸٣л̡
ٽ磬л˽л˸
ݼʺ󡣡
ýôˣлЩȡ֪лбΪ˱Լлңƽպٴɮ£ԼҲд
лл̵߽ݣ˵ɻǵߵļλ裿
л̵ͷ
Ǽλ趼游̵ýģ̶մ˽Ĺ⣬Ҳѧ˲١
л֣ϲϴ˳ģϡ
ýǣлϴǶԼý㣬Ϊѷһ
һ顣л˵ʮǰǸû
лһ£ͻָ֪ýôһˣôסһӣ
Ǻأлʵ
ֻ֪ݡл˵꿴ϣҶ˵ɡ
Ͽڳһ齲õлͶϲˡý㣬ŵõˮ©еٶЩҪʧܵġ
ý룿
ûʲôġл˵ǺӣҵңҲҲֻǿϧǸ٣誵µױšܵţҪӻϳˡ
סл˵һȥʵ˵ġ
лͷ
лˡ
л̸ý˼䣬ɽͷϣý˵飬û̫ȡý㣬úܡ
л̾˿ôЩӣûи˵ˣǼįúܰ
лҪ˵ڶӦûһ㣬϶

 49 £׽棩

л̻صʵ, һֱôڡȻТֵ̫ôʵ, ұ֤ǲһǰôأл̺ЩΪѡ
, ˳ش˽
̶ҽյÿգǽ̸
л߬߬ȭͷǲһҪСƲŷų岻, 뷽跨ۡ
ִӡ˵£һġ
лԣЦſ
ҿɾͲˡ
Ȼһ뷨ξ治һ, ɱƬײ´λҲԼ塣
лźӣȻ۾, ˼ȴ档һöӣл̷Լӷŵڵλ, 岽֮, Ե󲿷ӡ
ˣôô, ΧҪһģԼý, һҪʮТ̫ӳ׶δ, ˿ɳ֮ҪȻʺ׾ˡ
Ȼлһ£Ȼˣý㲻ֻ鵽ĺݾͲˡл̧ͷһ˼ý㣬Ųʵ۰ɡ
ǣǸӾ˭ҲŻðлüͷã漮ݵҸ飬Ҳûʱʵ۵Ļĳ˼
̶պҾҪˣ
⣬̫ˡ
л̶̿һ˵̫Ժ壬Ӯһ֡ղ̧ͷüأң
л˵꣬˵ذѰӶ£Լֱߡ
ղȷʵˡ˵˳ֲʵ뵽ͷۡ
л褣ĵղײգɴ˵˾͵ˡ
ӻ֣ŮϤ뿪Լ˵ҲֻԼĸ̻
֮ǰТ̫ߵС̣Т̫Ӽģ͸ԼĵܵܣƽջŵТ̫ӹȥһֱûһֱԼ߷̡
ϣҽȥ¼ý㡣л˵
ɩãĳƺһȥ
ýܺáл˵һܡ
ʲô
ʮǰýǸӻšл˵꣬СؿϣܴϿ
ģվ£̫Ӹĺӻţô˵̫Ӹ绹йѪ䣿ĶĶ
˵˵ţȻ
лǧ㣬û㵽֡̾˿ߵ߶ϣ˵ʵۣôˣ
㲻֪̫Ӹһֱӡ˵͸Ǹȡ֣кͽŮͽ쵶
ʺ޵ʵڿ̲ס
۾Ҳˡ
ǺĶʵǽػʹҷٸѰޡ֮Ǿ͸һƽ˳졣
Ҳ֪Ķл˵꣬ߵİϱ誷ˣȲѰǺӵӱߣ׷ѰʱǸѾ˱ˡ
գŶҾ֪ȥѰҾͲţѰһӡ
˵Ҫл̰סˡ
ϣ֪ǸӻŵĻ誡Ǻӵ֤ĵȥѰɳ֮𣿡л˵£
˵Ķԡ̫ˡ˵ӣ̫Т̫Ӹˡ
л̼޵۾ӶǺģȻЦȴϲˡ˰ְֱޣ̫ˡԼ֮ǰˣôʵۣȻһǰôϲ
뵽Լϣͷ
𼱣Т̫ӸһᱣǸӵġ
ͷְરવصл̸æͳӣúõز˲
ڶգûð취ǰȥԽĲӾͰʦسˡ
ϢæԼסĹԺܵʵ
ĸ󡣡쳻ûţѾ˽Ҫ
лڸ̫ع˵ô̲ܽסüͷ
Ĺأл˵ʲô
ǶŤã˵ĸҪˡ
л̿ع˭
ع֪ؿ쳡
ȥ˾֮󣬲֪Լ⡣ּ֣ĸɩ㣬һ½š
ϣ˵Ҫ
úúáл˵ĸ㸸ʸǴͻ顣
Ҫ˵ҪȢҡ
ϲأлʵô죿
Ų᲻ϲأͷһֻСˣ֮ǰ˵ϲ󽫾ȥ̣ϲʲô
ȷʵ˵ԴӵϲЩСֻϧΪԼһ䲻
ԴϻԺ쳾ڹţȥҲβϢȥ˼ҡ
ɷɴˣ˵˼ʲô࿴ԼǰĹĵСΡ
Ҫһϣ˵ϲҵģΪʲôһֱҸ˵
˵˼ҿ˵Լǰ쳣õϲ֪ͷˡ
Ҳܡ쳱ŰҸ˵͵֪ҵҵ֪ٲȢңҾͼ޸ˡ
⻰ǵ˼࣬һϷǲҲһЧ
У˵ôĽ飬Ұˣ
ģ쳴վ̫ˡѾˣȥͬ¥Ծƣݣһȥ
룬˵С
УһÿվҪͬͬ˵Ѿ˴ϵˣһҪ
˫쳣ǲ⡣
ǻʵۣ֪ҲϲҪôѾʲôֱûʵµʥּͺˡ
Ů˵˼׽
ڶգ쳲ϣɡ쳿ˣż˹ȥ
ôɣҲЦ˵
ǰݣͳ䡣˵ҼԺӾڸЩӾסˣҲơ
쳸Ҫɸһ÷Ϳϳæ˿ڡ
æҸȥ÷ˡ
Цſ˼һۣ˵ߡ
ͷпһ档˵꣬żˡ
ЦЦҲתߡ
ֻм࣬߱߻ͷôɻԼԽԽԶأ
صңԽԽòԣԥ˰죬ȥ÷Է
ҷ򸾻Ժæū᷿˯䣬£˻迴顣żˣæ
¡˵ղǸӡ
ûӦȻ򣬡ɷɹͦõġ˳ƯһһСӺ
ǣæͣϲңҲϲ
ˣ֪˵ɷɹ⣬ضزס
ҡȻԼǰʯͷԼĽţᡣ⣬òǰλôأ
ԼԺӣһ̾
ЩӵǼװ񫣬żൽй䣬ǶعǰϢл̣ЩΪԼŮϲ˱ˡ
⼸գֳһ׮ӡüˣĪرʬҰȥʬֶһַֻǣЩûһ֮ͬ
Ԫ£ȥׯơܷܲЩߡлԷԸ
ǡӦ
Ϊ䣬ټɵĸ첲ûȥˡɱ¯ӿǾЩ䡣
䣿˵žҪԼ¯ӵݸ
С˵㻹Ǳôͷһסɷɹ֪Ҫ˵ġ
ûʲôæ͵
ɿһû˵
Ҫſڽͣׯˣֻͣ
λүʬ׾صͷ˵ž߹ȥ
ȻǶգζʵЩţסڱǣȴԾһŻ
û°ɣʵ
ڰ֣ʾԼûϵ
ˡͷ˵žƿ˸ʬϵİײλơ
ɵǸ룬˵ϱҿ±㿴
ͷҲֻˡ
ǾʬǸշֵģĻŶϸƣסϵһЩص֮ȥڶʬ
ڶߣɾͱȽѿֵʱ򣬻Ұ˼ڣ¶ɭɭ׹ǡŶģǻƸϸ
˵ʵ̲סˣׯܵŻæܹȥĺ󱳡
Σ촽ǰ׵ġ
Ҫˡ˵
ҡҡͷ˵տЩɡ
𣿡
û¡ɳڰ֣ʯ˵Ҹտʼſžϰˡ
˵֮󣬿򼾷ࡣ
ôû£
С˵ҵʱǴ䣬һȥׯ˼Ҷˣһһ鶼ûأ
ؿһۣĵλ
ֽׯɿһʬ׾һΣ֭³ˡ
ʲôˣʵ
Щˣһ롣ɵЩ֮⣬ûˡأ
룬ǲ֪ôڰ
ʲô˵𣿡ʵ
ǣǸطС˿ڡ
⻰԰׵һӾͺˡ
˵ʲôʵ
ԥ˰죬ڻ˵ˡ
˵СĹݵĳ͡
ɵ¸ˡ
ǲǾ˵пǸСĶ
пܡ˵ʬһߣܵõȶȫˣ²źòǶȥļСĹݡǣСССĹ߰˸Щӡ
㶼֪ûסѿڶ
˵ֻ˵æ͵ᡣ
ʲôЦŽ˿ڣ÷ɷɹġ
ҪˣٲʵȢˣҪˡУøϽ
һգ׼ţ˵ˡһ£æ
ĩϡ
üˡϵĻҽһ⣬ʲôʱȥʵȢɷɡ
⻰գ۾żࡣ
ǿҪ𣿡
˭㡣ûк
⡭ԥһ£ҿġ
ӣҪˣȸ˵ʵϲϲɷɣ
ҡϵһӾͺˣȷʵϲ
ⲻ͵ˡ˵ϲҲϲ㡣͸Ͻȥʵʥּɡˣٵȥɵ׳ɲҲ֪Ҳ벻֪ǣҵ˿϶Ҫˣ
һ˵ɵˣ㶵ز֪ôػ
ջʵ۾Ҫ۹ͣϿȥ󣬿һ㡣˵
Ҳһ򡣡˵ôϼ
ô䲻ϣϲϡ˵վ˸񣬡кã໥֮䶺ˡ
˼ǣҲϲң
೤Ϳϣ͸һ
ף
ȸǲǣǽ
ǣ˵Ժ󣬷ɷɾͷԼϲ㣬ϲرϲ
һȥ󡣡˵ţϾЦ˻
˿
߳ҴţȻЩԾĶԾһʱ벻ţ͵ˡ
ˣŷӦϱ߷ɷǼһ
Ǽһ죬֪ˣȫʹ˹ƾͶ֪ˣӦò˵ȥɣϾûңҲ֪ɷϲ
ôһ룬ͷࡣϣǼһϿȥʵ˵ʥּһ£¾ͲԼˡ                        
лҪ˵ڶɣ
ࣺҿˣҾǸ

 50 

Դռ, ȥ쳡ϧ֪Ǻ߻Ǻ, ٳٲɵΪ˱, ʱһ
һգǽַʬףɸȥׯˣȻ״֮ǰһ, εĵط˵磬û롣
᲻ģ֮ǰİӣʵ
ҡҡͷָ˲ϵպۣ˵㿴, ˵˺ۣ֮ǰ״λãһģһģ£˵߻һ
е˵ 
ȷ𣿡ʵ
ֻȷˡ˵, һϢ˵, Ϊ, ټеʬˮУеʬڰ, õ, ġ
ߣȻ֮ǰǼʬ׵ӣѹ˰, ȥŴ˰졣
Ҫ˵ͱˡһһ˵ղһΪûء
ˮ˵
óˮңݸɣڣͲɾ
߰ɡ˵¡
࿴촽ˣ˵ȥúЪЪɡ
ûϵɰڰ֣¹˾ͺˡ
Ҳǡ˵žϰˡ
ɷ˸۸
ȷϵʬףʲôͬ𣿡
˶СƵ˼ңȷʵз硣ֻǡ
ֻʲô֮ǰûиżȥѯʣܶ
ǵСĹݣǼȫȥˡ
ȥ֪𣿡ʵ˶ȥģн𣿡
СһԷһݡ˵ţֱߵľڡ
ֵǷŵúܡ˵꿴ż࣬Ҫȥطƣǵطҷȥ
Ҳȥ˵ʮˣô鰡˵ˣûã
ǾֻøǰһñˣѡطȥôɣأǹˣҾԼȥˡ
һϯ˵ţȴĪЩϲǲǳԴˣ
£ֻϲ㡣˵
ͷһۣ˵Ǽϲ㰡ҾͦõģġܳףõȺܾá
ϲңϲ˵ңԴס
ͬˣ㶺أ˫ֱǰż࣬Ҫ÷Ҫ꣬Ҫ޸ȥʵ۾ͺˣʲô˼
Ҳôʹ˵ҪԼȢæͣҵʱҲģΪҲ㡣
⻰ʵ̲סЦˡˣҲ̫˼˰ɡ
˵𣿡˵˵¡
ɸ౾ǲŵģ⻰æһ
ûʲô£˵
ôûУϲȥСĹݶ𣿡
ʱ˵㰡ȥأ
һ·֣ҲȤ
Ȼ֮󣬼ɸճţͿ˹űܽΪϡ
ҪھͿϴһ߹æ˿ڣ硣
Цˡ
ɣˡ
˵֮󣬷һܿͲӰ
˧˵ҲϲϣҲǿġ
˵ʲôأȻռһ£ҽո仹飬㣬вУ
С˵ţ۾ȴͣǱ߿ȥ
Σʹ˸ɫ
սȭͷɿڣ˹
һü˵һߡ
ʲôȻӲͨĶѾй¶顣
ҡ˵Ȣ㡣
Ϊʲô죬۾Цˡ
û뵽쳻ôʣЩ㶡
Ϊʲôһ顣
Ϊϲ㡣Ϲ˿ڣһϲϲ˺ܾúܾá
Ϊʲô˵ֿ첻ͣЦЦЦţͿˡ
ҲһıȵߵˡǶӵܣſңûϲҡ˵꣬ŵӹȥס쳵֣ʵۣҲҪֻͣҪȢ㣬òã
۾ͷҡҡͷ
ͻǵҪġҪȻֻסˡ
סǸá˵סҪס
һţ˿ͻʥּһ£ܲٻ˰ɡ
ˡ˵ġ
˵֮󣬷ÿ㣬һš
ݣҿŷɶڿǽһ£Ϊ䣬ִֻԽԽҰ
ɶǶ۾ſڣĵĻͦ֡컹䡣ţ££멣ջôٺһС
ˣ˵߹ȥԼϣôô䣿
ôˣѴ멻࣬ûż
ʲôأ˵ְѴظɣ㿴Űɣʥּˡ
ɿһۣ˵Ѹң㲻𣿡
ҡҡͷ
û£㣬ôȻ
һ£ô˵ǰ˹ˮϲ˲Ҫһãûʲô飬׼óһ㣬ڹȥֻǣôأ
Ϊ첲˻ûɣҼ䣬ҳ˸ѡ
ǻˡ˵ţѴá
Ȼݳˣһ·һ·߿ȥãһӾƼˡһ£Ͱͷ໳
˶סˣʲô
𶯱ͷ͵͵ģ߿ʶˣ̫ˡ
һ£ֱ̧סɡǸǰһݣǸǰȣȴĪһЩϴζһʱЩԳ
ǵСĹݴ༯һطˣз硣Ƕӣ·ֲ֡
Ǹֻһۣͼǰߡ
ˡ˿
ǣȴ᲻ɿ֡
Ǹˡ˵
֪˵뱧㡣
ͽӣ˵žؿһȭ
¾Ȼ׺ݡؿ˵
ɰһִֶۣ˻ȥ
׵ߣ˵£治ҵ˼װɵ
۾ݵſڣ˼ûڼϡ
Ҹһʱһ㶼ûʵ㣬ǲһ㶼ϲң
ɿһۼ࣬˵ϲһˣʲôģ
ն˵˵Ӱӡ㣬ûεң
ɸӻͿһ˴˳󻹸һˣġ
꣡˵㿴Ǹˣ֡
˳ɵָȥҲͷ
ʱ˶࣬϶ɱ˵ĺʱ򡣵ҲܹŹ֣ȥʳʲô
໥һۣĵظ˹ȥ
ǰǸߵһСŵ˺ȻǰӻͳһС
Ǯó
ԭλǸٵġ
뼾æǰ˼˹æܣﻹһֱСһѣԼ֣ȴһ¡
ѲǵʿæܹǶסǸˡ
Ǹ첲ˣͰƷˡ˵Ϳ࿿ǽϣڲͣµѪ
ôˣܹȥ¹⣬һ˺ۣᴩơ
û¡˵˶ش£úʡ
ʱѲǵʿſɸ࣬Ƕ˵ͰѺ˻ȥ
ǱٵģΪʲôҪߣһ߿ֵǸ˺Ȼʵ
ȥʲ𣿡ûк˵֣ͦ۵ġ
ͷλȰ˴ȥ˵꿴ż࣬Ҵȥҽݡ
ҳ߼͵һҽݣи֮˲ֻ˴¡
ͷʿ֪ô죬ͿԸˣ˿
λ䣬ǣ
ǴٵġָȽϸߵһ˵ǣǿ
λǣ
ʿ˵
ǿһֵطûиղŵƣҪļơ
š˵˼£ɡ
Ǹ˻æϣҳ㰮ãƽʱּˡ
Ŷһü˭ס
عүСĽѣס
ŶȻְãῡ㲻ʶʵܰɣݣһζû
ʶʶѻæͷ˲ɱġ
̲סЦˣ˵ǵȻ֪ɱģɱģôǾ֪һ£ʲôͬĵط
⡭ԥһ£ϲ£
֪ЩΣ˵Ҳ߯³ˣأ
СץץͷλүҸ˵λɱ⴫ֵܼЩСãϲˣԽԽˬ
Ǽץס⣬˭
ɾͶˡҵСӣǮҵ϶вܼҵ
㻹ϵ𣿡ʵ
⡭ѳһ£λǰЩӵ˵㲡պòȥݹ䡣Ҿ֪СΪȥݣˣ治
û𣿡ʵ
ڣֳˣ־ȥĵط⡣ʮ¿Ҳǳ¡
֪ˡ˵ȻؼҰɣոȥׯмʬϡ
Ѹ˵ʲôͼѵĻȥ
ڼʵţĶҲȥ
֮ɸûǸˣһһ¡
⼸룬ôɰɣʵ
ҾҲǡ˵ĿǰѾ֪˹ͬϲˣҲеջ񡣡
ʲôãû˵ǼΪʲôɱıƣѰҾõѰпܡ
ż˵ԽżԽšңҵ
Ҳֻˡ˵꿴ۼ֣ô£
һۣ˵ܸղŲСĶˡû£׼޲ҩۣ°һ¾ͺá
׼ûͦȫ̲ס˵
ˣҵ֮ǰڴ£˼˵ڴ£ˡŵ㣬û
ϴ֣޲ҩԼЦˡ˻Ǿ¡
ŵ㡣˵ˮ˿ڳɾ޲СĵزɣŰҩСص档
Ҫʼˡ˵Ǿ۾͸ҡ
Сذ޲һȦһȦ࿴רע棬ĵʲôʱǿԼҲжá
ˡش˸ᣬ̧ͷȴּڶԼֱɵú
߰ɡ˵ˣλȥˣ
໹ɣ̲סǰһƤ⻬ϸۣһССë·һˮң̲סһڡ
ʲôʵ
ȻЦˣûˣǲ֤ʵǲϲԼģ
û¡˵ȥλˣ
лҪ˵һеڶġ

 51 

뼾ൽ˵, ݵĻƶˣǴ, ôͱؽµĵˡ
ſڶͷ˵, ߵš㣬дô
һţǸ˿ɸ͹ˡ
λү֪ˡ
˵ָָǰ, ɡ
ǻļ̣ǿ˸ӱ¡
˵ɣǵڼˡб۾ʵ
⡭ƴ˸㶣λˣ˵, Сĵӣ˵ǵڼ, ˵ǵڼǡ
ô񣿡˵û˱٣
ү, 밡, ȥٲðԼ˵øһ˵Ȼ, ˭˼˵ԼСĹݳ, ǵŸλү档
û˻Էʵ
ڵϹģ˭˭
ôΣûʧֵʱ򣿡ʵ, ˵Ҳ֪ǳ˼׮ӡ
ǡƸæӦ
˺һ¿˿ڡ
Ҫ˵ʧ֣йΡǰЩӣҸŸžͷ˹˵Ϥӡ˵˵
ɸһۣ˵˵˵
ǰЩӣԷ˸̻˵ҼСķ˾͸˵ǿ˴˲ӡأ͸æŽһʡǸŸţȻ߹һˣ˸кΪأԱ߶ŵɢˣٽŸȥ˭֪˵˵žһˡһϣͰ׸𣡡
˵ſ򼾷࣬ղǸ˵ʶˣҲиģ԰ɣ
ͷơ
мأ
ǿɾˡһǰˡǻ˵ҲǸŸž͹ˣ֮˾һˡһĥأǲǱĹݹǺУ
ϸ룬εˣʲôģʵ
⡭ЩΪѣүڵϹģҲ
ú롣˵һӡ
ɿһۣʶؾֹȥ
հõ˿ڣӲ𣿡
û¡˲ע⣬ĵɵ֣ʾԼû¡
ˡǻ˵أоһˡݶࡣ
Ǹ˶ߣɸæʵʲôûУ
ǻ룬˵Ÿ߰ͦݵġ
أ
ǵۣҲǸСġ˵ֵͷӦû
ټ㻹ϳ𣿡ʵ
û⡣еģľǰѿ˵ȫסˡ˵ʱ˵ҿܼǲסһһΣҾ֪˭ˡ
С˵Ҳȥׯϡ˼ǵסҲӦòࡣģû̫ãܿ
ǻƿɣˡ
³Ȳˡ˵ôݾߣţȥԺ˵Ȼ֪ôġ
ǣǻæӦˡ
ҲˡȴŰɡ˵ȥׯ֮ٻݡ
뼾߳Σŷ춼ˡ
ҵû˼ҡ˵
ʱˣͱȥˡ˵ڼûһû
УЩżұûȥһˡ
Ҳнãһ鲻룬Ȼˡ
ˣҸһȥ˵˻ɡ
̧ͷ˼һְۣͷȥô֪ģ̫ˣ
صңȥϴһֻѣžˬࡣ
»עŵɡ֪˵һŪ·ô죿
֪ˡ˵˵֮󣬶Ҫãż
Ҳע㣡
صңȻӦΪʲôɱģԭˡУøϽŵףôõĹʲôʱָŮŵýˣðҵż̤ˣ
ɽûҶԣһҪȥׯǼʬףʲôأ
߳÷ԷͿϿ
߰ɣ˵
𣿡ʵ
Լ֣˵ôﰡýջҪȥׯ͸һȥɡ
룬Ҳͬˡ
˳һֽӵݸ˵ġ
ôţе㻹΢еȡ
ʺ㡣˵ֺɲС
ɿһۣôʲô֪ⶫҼҷҪİɣ˲ȥˣǽȥףʲôİɡ
л˵ͰѰŵһߡ
⻰ͣڼֱˣûܾ̫ˡ
һߣһ߷ɵҲ̲ס
һգѵõĺȴûз硣һ׽̫ϵ˿ڿˮŵ˶ڷ
ս׿Ҫʲôʹͣʵ
ػʵֻۣһ󡣡
Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣЦſ˿ڡ
˵ɡ
ĩҪȢ
˻һһƬȻ
쳻صʹֱʵлѰТ̫Ů飬ЦﶼЩ档
ɷʲô˵飿Цʵôຢ̫˕FϲľŮ
˵ҪȢҡƲסЦ˵ʲôͶҪֻҪȢҡ
л⼸ռ쳳üռϲЦտ֪Ůĺϲϡ
˵ʲôˣʵ
ͬ˰ЦߵʺߣҸ˵ͻǵҪġ
⻰һڲ˳ȻŮ
ϼһ㣬Ǹ佫˵ЩҹӲ𣿡
Ǻǵġ˵ҲϲҾϲϡ
أʵ᲻̰ͼ󣿡
Ųأ˵֮ǰ˵ϲӢĴ󽫾ȥԽս
л̣ͷŷ
ǣּ⣬Ϊ쳴ͻ顣Ƕ֪ʵƫŮҲһΡ
ڴϢǷǳ棬Ǹϵܺѵ˵ģ
ţ̲ס򼾷ࡣ
͸˵ˡ㻹šһɿ֪뷨˰ɡ
ɷ˸ۣ˵߰ɣȥׯˡ
˴ݵĻƸѣһεׯ
ϰɡָǼʬ˵ϸˡ
˴չȥֻһۣͶܵɸ˹ȥ˵ûµģ¾ϰˡ
ҲԱ߿ǻ
ȰǻһԿϸˣҪȻҵأ
˶һۣ֮ε˽ȥ
ڣ˶ֻϳһߣǸ䣬ס籱
ͷʬ˵⼸պţպõǵĵطأ
ǡӦùĵȻһս״Ԫɣ˵ȻƽͣǹӾ͸Ź
ɸص£ַڣ˵ʣݣҪҪȥһ
հɡ˵Ͼڲ̫㡣
һ㶣ˢһӾͺˡ
ûϵġˡ
Ҳ졣˵žԼ֣㿴ֻûأ
ɼ״Ҳֻա
صңѰøˣԼһ߲˵
ǣЩ⣬ģ
͵ġ˵ڴѶһҹδ飬ûѣ˵©죬֪ˡ
㣿
Щ֪ԼҹŮʲôʵ֪ԼЩ
ⶫҲˡ˵ҿʲôܻġ
֪ˡЦŮ֣ӿҪ˹ˡ뵽Լôõĺӵ˼ңٻЩڡ
סʵۼʲôʱܰȥ
а¡˵ҾʲôµģʵЩʱ䡣
ûǿһ㡣˵ס˼ҼЩþ
ЦЦû˵ĹŮպҪסһˡ
ۼ쳵Ļ³ˣ뵽Т̫ӵĺӡ룬ͰѼүнС
ȻлǻʺңΪТ̫ҲлŮټлϼлҴ󷿱𽥵͢ңĴʻʼ¡̫ҷңҲѾ˾ӽꡣʣµģҲǼˡ
ܼİ褸ϵȴĺáԣα뵽˼
΢ʵۡ˸һߡ
˵ӻ֣˻˶ˡ
ʵۣǣЩ̫ס
漮ݣʵ
ͷ
˻ݵ𣿡
С˵֧ڿլ
ͷ˵һ׮˽ܵ飬֪Ųŵùأ
ʵ۷ġæ˵
ӻ֣ʾ¡
ɼǵʮǰТ̫һŮӤûþزˡ˵
ͷʱҺǵģТ̫ʱµǸкƱֻһȷѪꡣ
Ǹӻš˵ʱƲТ̫誶ǺӲͰˣպˣٴ
⻰Ǿȣ֮־úТ̫һˣ֣ܲҲ
ֻ誵ʱ˸˼˸Т̫ˣǸСŮӤ䲻˵꿴żϣݵϸѰǸŮӤ䡣
ݣЩȣ̲סȥˣǸָТ̫񣬲ôɰɣ
䣬ʲôЩ񣬿ʵ
룬ǾȲҪڣϾҹԼ飬ö졣
΢뼾Щ˺á˵¹ش΢׾ټ
¼á˵Ͼʮˣãã˺һˣ̫ˡ
صңԼҷ˾ȥ鷿һ£˵ү£
ͷѽյ򵥵˵ָָ֮÷Էλá
룬ǲöˣòĲˡ
˾ȵسͣԽԽԼҷ˵е
ô죿ʵ
أҾ;ҲģǽҹҪָŮģҾõᡣү˵չ˼ҵ飬պ׼Ҳò֡
ⲻǸû˵һ˰һۡ
㼱ʲôү˵չȥ΢ϼ䣬̽һ¡
룬Ҳе
ãҪȥҷǱߡ
˺ȻԼܿܺȵϱˡ
лҪ˵һʮ˵

 52 

˵ڶո, žȥҵӡ˻ûСŮԺ, ﲡˡ, Ȱûúôڡ
Ϊˣ⼸յǻؼһص硣ùһ߸Լ˵һ߶ūСһѧᷭ, ڴԼòֺ
ΪҪԼԺӣһֱӿĹóһӣ֮ݸɡ
ĲѰһѰˣ
٣˵ⶫһǸ, ɼҪңġȻҪˣΪʲôҪȥѰأ
ū, һ۾٣С, һѾץסˡ
Сһ˵žͺūɿ, Ƥۣ˿߸˿ô죡
˭֪ūΪڸ, ЦסپͲˡ
, 㿴ܵܣɲקֻԼס
С־ȥľͺ, һˡһЦſŮСӡ
ɾеپҪȥץūģ˭֪ūӦ죬ֻץס١
˺һپͱū룬һдֵľ˳
ֿ죬˹ɨд־ͰѾ
ô滹зţ˹ȥ
ס˵Űѷū˹Ųܿ
ΪʲôЩס
ҵ漰ʼҡ˵Խ࣬Խ졣
ڣ˵Ǹ˼ңЩ޴룬ֲô죿
ײ¡˵ȥ׻ⶫȷ
ײ֪飬ֻ֪κ飬㶼һ˿ţ𣿡˽ԼŮǸӲƢ
׷ġɰο漰һЩʼҵ֪չǺõġ
䣬ɻصԼԺӣԥ˺ܾãǰǾٺҹһһǺǿЩҲǿõġ
˭Һأڴϵ۾˯⡣֪ԼΣǵ˭أ
ڶգȦȥ˴£ͬǶһ
ôˣ
ЦЦ˵Ϊ׮ӣ˼ȥҲûͷ
ǵעϢлһ߿˿ڡ
ȴЩŹ֣ɲˡһ˲ע⣬յߡ
ôû˯ã
飬һתͷͿŵЩϵȥ
û¡˵
ģ˲ע⣬֣ôֻô䣿
ɵһۣͰִ
̲סЦˡ
èأɻ֮ǰң˳ôң֪ҳ˭ô𣿡
һ֪˵žЦˣҵ˵㳤Т̫ӡ
ģЩš
ץץͷ˵ļٵҲ֪ҵҵġТ̫û
ðɣ
ɰѻ׳֮ͲˣŰǰľڡ
첻ԼҲ˻ȥˣôȵġ
۾Ȼžڣ˼ȴѾƮˡԼТ̫ӣѲТ̫ǾңҲڵԼĵزĪǣ׷ɱȲѲ
ǣᵽТ̫ӵ飬Ҳ֪һЩġݺ誵ĸ
£Щˣд˵ģһ裬ư˰ٸ˶ôֻеʵ۲УǣǸССĴ䣬ôܵüʵأ
Т̫ڱԼĺӡûգΪʤµаɮټɡ
ǸᣬţͰ⻰˵ˡ
ɣ˵Ůװ˿ƾ˹٣ǻʵǹȫ˵۾
Ȼ֪飬Ϸİ
סɱ˵ĸ첲һΡŮװ۾ǲ߻ʵۣպһƳӲ롣ͨ˼ҵĺӣôӦȥǷž˵һ㣬Լ˵˷֣һ𣿡
Ļŵ˾ûҸ˵˳һֱûʲôɫ˼ȥҲ֪һЩʲôϾ誣ֵܡ
Ҳܸõİɡ˵֮ԼֻǸѰˣﲻԼŮ
ҹվҪˡ˵׷ģͳҲȫȫβػġ
ɴ̽ˣʵ۸Тֵ̫Т̫ӵĺӣͳʵҲӦò̫Ϊ
Σʵ
ɵͷ˵ǵġױʣȻҾⲻ󣬵һǳ£ҿ϶Ҫסҵġ
̲סһ¡
˵ʲôأ
˵˵Цģۼһƽƽġ
˳˳ؽ˵ͼ޸ӰɡҿƷܺãרһĺúӣѰɾˡ
һͷȴû˵
֪д־򡣡˵ǴǰҲ˵ʲôǼȻԼʵ˵ˣ٣¾ͷˡ
ס͵͵ġ
Ҳܣļû˵⺢ɹˡ
ϣڴϣȥ˯š˼ԣһӲҲûʲô⡣ڵ˵Ȥ˵ϲȨζ˵ϲæµɵӡǣԼһˣҡպһ˳Ƴôﶼпܵġ
ɷ˸٣ͲɣŵܵܣҲûʲôáȻôģǴ۽Ļᣬ͸¶뷨
ڶգ˿۾Щףſȴû˵ڣôȰûõġ
ڣ˽ӡɰǸٸϣظ̵̫
Ϊһμʵۣڵ£˵
ߵʵۡ
һԳƴɣɰ롣
𡣡æ˵
лϡ
˵ǹɡ
վһ۲ضɣӣøТ̫̫ˡ
찮俴˵ؾнСС˵ʶˣʵ
çײ˿佱һ˵һΰԼʵۡ
лλá˵ȻСǸʮΪ࣬ɼηңһλˣ޼㣬ҲС
˵˵ţЩ˸
ɼᵽТ̫ӣԥһ£͹ǰ
ǣЩס
ʵҡ˵
룬ֻ»̣ȫ˳˵⡣
찮к£
ɴӻͳٲžֳͷ
״æӹݸʵۡǸ٣΢΢Щϵãǹӣ漸ûС
ӹҲЩȣôЩ
лҪ˵һ嶼һ˫

 53 £׽棩

Ѿʮ, Ĺ͢Σȴֻ, û, ǹĶ֮ǿ۾ȴһֱɡôˣ·ֿТ̫ӡ
ӹ, ϸƣһĿʮеؿꡣҲѹģɣ˵ٸ, ģ
ػʵۡ΢ǽҵĺӣ΢Ǹʮǰ, ݺӱ߼ġʱ΢Ͼ͹١, ٵļв
⻰, һۻĵĪТ̫Լ¼, Т̫ӵĺǸ飿
찮, ˵
ȴû˼ϲãһ˿˿ɻ
ʵˡ
֮Уʵ
ɿһͷ, ˵΢ʵŮ
⻰ϲôڴ㵡վΪصʯײΡ˫ַɡ
ʲôʱģ
һ£˵׼ҵʱǶ³ˡһؼҺĸѾҪǣͰ΢ֳ̥Ǿĸ˵ҵʱӦѾмˡ
˵ᶼˣʱԵϣҲϣⳤ࣬ǲ˵ˡϸϸؿɣԽԽТ̫һģ
ҾҺͦãȥѰԼֱǰգ΢ĵܵˣʱСĳ٣΢ŷľ֣֪΢漰ʼңæţ΢Լ΢ļˣû
˵֮Ŀһ褣¶ϲɫ΢˿
ʵ۸΢һˮ˵
ȴԾɸһˮ
ɰӽˮʪ̳֮šɣϸزüۡ
΢ü۹ͣΪ±ɣÿնҪ軭һ
ɣ֮˫һ۸Т̫һģһ۽ǵǿ룬ͬһλá
ɣ˵ΪʲôҪװ
ֳزۣҵ֧Ÿĸӣûа취ֻҴֳ˵׵ŷֵδãǵ֧µĶΪ˲΢ſĿƾ٣һְٰǱ߶ٻ˼һЩ
úúá̲ס̾Т̫Ӹĺӣʶִ㡣
λ꣬¶Ҫȱֻ̬ȡ
ٸ£Ȼȥճڴ´š˵漰˳ﻹȵ˽׶á
ɼ˵˰˳飬ŵĳ׷Ȼ˶ˣ£Ѿ֪ˡ
û˵ɵ˭ĺӣҲûʡǣ˴˶Ѿ֪ԼҪĴ𰸡
ɣ̫Ż֣һһظТ̫ӵĺҵˣҲһһػӦ˶ǳ
ɳ̫ͷһۣ巹Ȼ֪Լڴ´ãǴһ죬һɣ
ȥݿ˵
࿴˵ٶϢһЩ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
㲻ȥԼȥ
ȥæ˵Ϊʲôȥ
á
˵꣬ص鰸ǰڡ͵ſȥԼЩͬϸȴָǰûʲô
Ѿ˶գЩ̹ǡɸÿ촧ֶſڣֱʱŻؼҡһȦ
˿ԼҹŮӣǳۡǣֲ֪ôȰֻöСոóԵġ
ôżư𣿡ϼʵ
ɵͷڴһӣץʱ䡣
ΪʲôôżЩ̫ף⼸ôˣ첻ǿھǶˣһȦ
ܣΪƵһӡ˵ԣһ㡣
һ£˵Ҫ𣿡
ֵͷ
࿴оһ㶼ġԭΪɻݣԼΪϾܸ׶ˣǿģԼҲ˲
һؼҸ˵ҲżȢ㣬أҲżݡֻ¶ͺá˵ڴ¶һʱ䣬ȷūٻݣòã
ΪʲôʵһŮװͿԸ𣿡
࿴Ȧˣֽӵݸ
ô죬ޣͷ紵ˡ˵ȢҵȻˡǣϲ㣬ҲŸˣ㲻ˣҲĵġ
ɿż࣬۾Цˡ
¹⣬࿴ӣ˶ġ
Ĳżն˵
¸޹أû˵Щ֪ˡ˵һ䡣
áûٶȥʲô£һȰˣ
Ķ䣬Ŵ멻䣬˫˫ִ·ֻèƵģСĹݵſڡʱʱģһ±ӡ
Ȼ˶һ۶Է̲סЦˡӣʵЩǱ
ȥһҪȽ
һһϣϾͶɣְһ¯ӵݸҲûƴǣ¯Ӷֻ֪ͷ죬ôô䡣
ҹǳżɹЩƣ࿴Ӷͷ۾ִ۾ӣٴӱӿ촽
ÿÿవ룬ңϲǹɷ·ѩһ̲εľ˵ǶԵģֻڳУŻʻںԺĶ̫пˡ
ΪȻůЩԺټλƣԼĻҪˡûһ۾غˡ
˯˵Ż˻˯³Ҫġ
ţǿž۾һůͣ˯
۾˵Щˡʵ̲סĶͷһ¡
ϣŶͷֱӣ
²˰ɡ࿴ըëİ;Ȥ
ɰһۣͷ
˵䣬÷Էͣ
ˡ
ɸҪ³ͱסź˼¡
ʲô
ɱһŪˣ㶼˶㡣
ĸҵġʱ򣬳ǰż£׵÷纮
ɺȻ޷ӻˣǰˣЩɰ
˳żӻ־ͽ˴š࿴ıӰ޲øһͬźá
ɼ򵥳˵ҹֱһ뽪ŻصԼ
֪ϴȻסˡ԰ôԼ˵Ҫ޸࣡ôֱһ˽ȥ
࣬صԼԺӣ˶Ҫˣ׿˵ҪԼ̫ˡֻҪԸޣöԵȡ                        
лҪ˵߾ֿ˸Զϲղһ£ôôգ
齫ԧʡ
ױʫ飬˿״ԪȢˮӣպ㡣ιƽ£񲻿գ
˭֪ȵʮ꣬ո״ԪŷԭиףǹﲻǱˣ־ŷɥҶҹҶ
ҶС游ر߹أϰ䣬ʮŮװɱУӢˬǳ˲ܱȼ硣
ѺȻ뵽Լھͬģ˭ȢȥǴӴûгͷ֮գû뵽ˣȻԼ
ŮСȻ󰮵Ĺ¡

 54 

, ѹ̫һʱżҴҵȥ˰ʵл￴, , ̲ס˿⡣⻹λεģʱҪɣ
̶˳ؿ˿ڣТ̫Ӹĺ˭
лüͷ, ô°Ҫɣ
¿״Ԫɡ˵ţӻùٵݸл, 㿴ǲǹĶ
ɫ磬лԼһ, ǸӸ磬ôТ̫ӵĺӳһ, , ȷʵֻйеġһʱ䣬Щã
ǺӲТ̫ӸĹ, 쳣һ߶߶ذɵл̡лһ̲ס뷭, ôҪ飬Ͳһ˵
ˣлʵ
ôܣ̲סһл̵ıӣֲɵ, 飬Ҫźá
лһ
Ҳò顣л˵ȥʡһ¶⸡ȥȥݲһңأȥ£һᡣ
лȴɵľһ£ˣýĹ˼ɾǶԵġ˴ǸкԼҪɵġ
ʡ鵽Ǹȥ򣬹ȻТ̫еġǾҲʹ͹лҡлŰŵķλТ̫ӵĺӣʵҪĵġ
ȻлһֱЩɵȴġһģлҲѹġ
ڶգֽΪﲡˣһֱδȥңĻȻԼҹŮͦʱġ
룬Ȼվ˸
ʵۣ΢
֮УЩס
ػϡ΢ҵ壬ѧʲôӵ⣬ϧõ˱ĵطͿǸңϲ˼ҡ˵ţɫЩ죬ТӸ΢֮΢ҲǸ䣬ĥҪҪȰ¶ˡ
ŶȻ򣬡ֲˮ֮סңԭôһ¡
ˡ˵
¡ǸùС۹⡣˵
˿
ȥݡңٰȥ˾ˮ֣ǸеĹ˵
ǡӦ
ǵϱҪոˣ룬⺢ӣйȨȴûйԼݶ㲻ϡ
лȥ£лֻһ仰ǵÿմơл̼Լý˼ǺТ̫ӵĺˡ
㡣л˵ǺϿʲô
лûֻ˽ϣ˵˻ʺϵã
лһۣ˵ʶ
޳ûһۡл˵ʲôʺˡ
лһԼý㣬ĵǿɵ۵רڶ֣ʺλãֲԼ
ϣ˵ɡ
ػʺСпɫԲε̥ǡ
л⻰̲סЦˡ˼ңÿ϶һԲε̥ǣȡЦ̥ǣ͸˸ӡƵġ
գµ飬ȥ¡ڣԼȥׯ
ýסڱǣѹθķϸذǼʬϸϸز鿴һ顣
һģֵʱѾõòˡϸطţȴϽʣ·崦һĿ
ŶСĵȡõţ̴պʵ
˿ֻصׯÿʬ׶ϸϸطһ飬Ȼһϰõģ̴պƵ衣
ȥ·ϣϲʤ£µ
صңѽ촩ֱСѾˣԼԡͰϴ˰ʱˮĴΣԼֱҪһƤˡϣܻйɹζ
īഩ·Լĸ첲ţʲôζ
īԼҹһۣĪǰţ˵˹𻨰ɣ㡣
֮أʵ
īû취ϸţԼһֻСƵġ
ͦġ˵֮󣬴īֺõؿż࣬ӣǺţʹ͵¡
ȥȥӻ֡
ӶлӣīЦ˸
ù׼ȥ鷿ѽյȻī˵칫ˡһ£æ
£෢ԴӽͲǺܸ˵ӣеʵ
ЩҲ֪ܸ˭˵ԾˡϣŲ豭żࡣ
ôˣʾ˶ţԼߵ߶
Ҳҵġ˵Т̫Ӹ̫
⻰ЩڵϡɳüТ̫ӣû뵽ȻŮ
үӦ֪顣˵Ҹʵ˵ʵ֮󣬼үȥݸҡҵҴææݸϻҲΪ顣
㲻ˣ̽Եʵ
ҡҡͷ
֪ԼйŹ֣ǰշūٳ¶ţǲȥѰԼġ˵ڵĵõĵ
ô˵ȴſǻ̲ס֣˵ôˣ˵
ҽȥ£ȥТ̫ҵߵˣһȫ˵˳
ȥ£һݣͿһųŮˡ֪˾Т̫
΢Т̫
Ϊݻûȷɻ˹
л˵ơ
߹ȥǰź̽
°ɡл˵
۾ŵ棬һֱûҶ࿴
񡣡лȻ˿ڣ͵٣һʱ򣬰Ͼ˵̫ӣһţռˣȻһģһ
⻰Ȼ̧ͷȥʲôš
鼱֮١л˵ʱ誻Ƕӣֵó裬ǰڹֻǶһҪЮҵİѱԣֻܰߡ
ôȷǸӣ̲סʵ
лͷ
Ϊʲô׷ʵ
ҵŵл˵ǵãڻʼҪʲôʲôʡ
ˡ
㿴𣿡лȻʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ʱȷݣûҿ
лͷТ̫ӵĺӡ
ҡȴȻ䲻֪Щʲô
ȥԺ͸һͺáл˵ķͽš
ǡ
ɾôɽ
Ļ˵ǾТ̫䵭𣿡
ɵͷ
һؼԺңòáȻ˵ԺֻܽˡﲻҪˡ
˵֮һӾͿ
ʶôãһμޣæӸᡣǣģᣬӶʪˡ
ģ֪ʱҲȰֻðԼḧͷ
ңҲ۾ؿүô꣬ŮȻͲԼˣôܲأ

 55 

ɿ޵, ֪ʱԼ˵ʲôȥʹʹؿһ
, Լǰضʪ, ɲͣ۾Щ˼ؿżࡣ
ʧ̬ˡ
ûϵͷظ
Լ
ùӣŷԼڼ໳һʱûס, һȭȥ
˺û˼һżһ˵֪ʲôгԱӣ
Ӳ⻰һʱûסЦ
ºˡڲˡ˵ߣô, ˵˰ɣ
ɵͷ
ֲһֱҪѰӸϽˡԭΪ顣˵ŵ˱ݸɵôܲҪ, үô۰㣬Ųأ
Ϊʲôﲻҽˣ˵˵, ۾ֺˡ
պôҪˣ˵Ŷɵı, ڣһ鶼û, ΪТ̫ӵŮ, ȻǱŮҪúܶ࣬Բԣ
ֻҪҵ˵
ʶôãһμСһ, ʵЩЦ
Т̫أʵ
һ£˵Ҳ֪һЩڴģ֮ҲǾ΢ЩϤĸоˡ
ȥү˵˵˵ҲĵúأôĹת۾ͳɱ˵ˣǻ˵ϾԲԣǵñӰ
ɵͷ
˴ˮϴϸƣ˵ϸǿó
Щ˼ͷԼָ
ȥס֣ؼҡ
ţӦһ
ҼȻûй·߶ѾĬѾҪˣүɻؼңҲû̫ȡ
ôˣ˿۾ģæʵ
үԼҹŮתͷżࡣ
۸
಻ýֻܸͣæɡ
ɿ˿ڣһǵ
ɵӣ˰Ϊȥ˼ҼӿһǸɵѾͷ
û˵˻˼˲䡣
Ƿȸˡ˵꣬һüë
룬ȥ
ߵԺſڣԥã˵л
ͣ½Ųıӣ÷Էַȥ
ʲôлġ˵˵ҲӦøеءúϢջҪ鰸أ
ɵͷԺſڿżԶתصݡ
ɵ˵ɵıӣȥϴһ׹ȥл˵
ţɼ˲֮ǰǰ룬˵Ӧˡ
ˣ̾˿ү˵ΪԶһЩʼҸ׽һ㣬˭֪ȴ⺢ӵġһмӿҪȻǻʲô֪أ
ǰү˵㻹ȰŵλܲԼﶼϰ
֪˵վ϶ŵūҽȥ˯
áүӦʹ졣
ݣո𲽣˲ӣ˾ôӰҹ֣һ˱һҲôˡ
ϴ֪֮ͷô꣬ͷѾֳֺͷ·һ㡣
˽֮ӹ֪ӣһһµظͷ
žеĹƤ͸͵ĺͷ˷·ӻ߳Ƶġ
ÿ˵СʱҾ룬Ҫĸжáˣ뷨ûˣҰΪġ
תˡ
Т̫ߣȻĿԡ˵ûߣڻʲôأϴô꣬˹٣᲻
֪˵ҽȥ£룬Т̫ûпҾͰˡ
㰡˵Ķͷ㻹С㵱֪ˣһۣĸȫһһۣТ̫ıҲðˡ
ŶɵͷӦһ
أҲçײˡ˵ɵͷ⺢ƽմֻ֣ˣ˭֪˼ôϸ塣һ򲽣Ǳ׽պҲкôġ
ɱסˣСʱһǰ˵ҲҪô
áҪҪ˸ɵͷǣТ̫չﰡʮ»ְ̥㰲ź˺·׽ĵġ
Т̫Ҳûж׽ɻЩƲ
㰡̲סĶͷӣ㲻𣿡
ðɡɻǲײҪҡ
ôܲҪأЦˣһ׼˼ױؼŮأ
ɵһӾͺˡ
Ҳޣ
˵вˣһɵ֣ҿԼӵĸ飬Ҳһ㡣
Ųأɸæ͵Ҳǲ֪˭˵ȥҵļӡ
ǹˣɵı׾ô¡ҲûƣûϣԼô˵Ҳס飬˵ͨԼɡ
ڴϿߵףþúþûһ˯ˡ
㻹˵أԼҲ뵽˵ʱΣСʱر𰮿ޣϣ˭㶼Сֻһ̾Ͳˣ˫۾գգ͵ؿңǰҵĶҪˡ
𣿡Щ棬Ҷǵˡ
ʱŲܼסʲô˸Сʱһɵĺ󱳣˯ɣ㻹Ҫأ
ɵͷͺ۾
ڶ֮û˾ˣڴ·ɣ̲סʵôࣿ
𣿡תͷ֪
֪һߣͷ
˯ʱǻġ
ǿܾǰ̫˰ɡ˵ú⡣
̲סŮǲЩ̫ˣ
˯úãˬص˴£ûȣˡһʹյǰϸϸһͨ
ʲôأһֱԶԶġ
˲ûأ˵˵޵滨ꡣˣĮ顣ġ
ɼ˵棬Ц۾ˡƣע⣬ıӡ
ߣȥׯ·֡
лҪ˵ҾôʲôʱȽϺãŵʮ㣿

 56 £׽棩

뼾ൽׯ֮, ݸ˵ÿڱǡ
ɽӹ, ϵ˵Ѿôϸ, ʲô·ֲɣ
֪ˡ˵ţסڱǣֻֻˣôŪá
һ, ߹ȥù

á
˵꣬ԹԵǰ
ɾŽ̧֣һϵһ˵ôȻôˣ
ø߲𣿡Цʵ
ɵһۣû˵ȷʵϵľԴ
ŵ㣬ͷˡ
ϵ, ߰ɡɵĿڱڽ棬۾ģѾЦˡûס, ֵһš
Ŷͷ˹ȥԽԽر
ߵǼʬԣӼ·ȡϸ΢Ŀ, ˵⼸õ, ̴պƵġ
ŶȡЩŵǼ⴦뿪, Ȼˡ
ׯ, ϸϴ֣ԾɾԼϻйɹζ
ҪѬȥСĹתתЦ˵
ǻвʶ𣿡˵ȥ, ȥأ
ҲаЦ˵ܲˣûһˡ
û˵ģȷʵû
£л˶˵Ļ˵ⰸҪϽƵģ֮ǰǸѵĹԸԸնǸ˵
ɸⲻѡ
һ᲻£Ʋʵ
Ȼᡣɸæ֤ǻںţġ
ѵȻЩѣǴСһ浽󣬻Щ顣˵ĶǺȥзݵˣ˭֪Լ᲻һʱùǸ˸ϡ
У˵ͬˡ
ɸ˴ϲ
ЩȫȥСĹԷ˵մ»Ҹ㣬žСԷ֪ܽӿ͵СĲʮˣ㰤йСŲҪ¶š
أʵԷСĶǳĺɫȥһΣһĻѶǼʡġ
㵣ģ³˵
á¶ϲɫԷûȥأۿ绹ûӣֵˣ
ڶϣѾȥԷ뼾ţϧƽ£ŪɺЩꡣ
ΪβȥˣɿѣЩҪˡ
ˣȻСĶˮ˼ǡСܲ˰磬Ҳնȥá˵ܵСЪɣ
ɸŸ׾ȥ¥ݣЩ鵹Ҳ֪һЩһӣ˵˵˵㻹ҪΪ
ˣ⣬¿ɲֻСΪ
һӾסˣһ߿ۣߵ˼䣬һӾͺ͸ˡ
߰߰ɣɻӻ֣ڼҺա
ˣ࿿ɵ鰸˵ҪҲؼϢգ
ЪЪͺˡ˵ٶ졣
ͲЪЪˣ˵Űյǰ㿴Ȧˡ
أ䲻һչһŵһ̨ͱӴҵĽűߡ
ŵ㡣˵ֻŽŵġҵĽţɾͿɾͻû˸һˡ
ͷ治ǹġ
һȥ˵֪ģʥȥݸ˶ˣ䣬ʲôʱأ
ðɡ˵˲˵ɵıǼ⣬ȥȥ
ɵһ̧ۣ־һȭ
Ķ˼֣˶Էſڣ˵첻ˡ
վ͵ɡһھһŰȥҪ˵ġ
һҲͷȷʵ̫ˡվֽ׼뿪ͷԷһˣ棬һӰ
ɸæʹ˸ɫ⣬ĵظȥҽո޽ûж˹
Ǽʬϸƹˣֶθɴ䣬Ǹӡ˵ָĵطǳǸÿֱסӣ˾ûˡ
һ߸Ǹˣһôܰȱ
һǸӰߵǿ˵óӾסĲӡǶһ£Ͽǰ
Ӱһ¾ɿɿǰܣü£Լ׷˹ȥ
ǺӰ˸֪бͳذסɽų̿죬ܿ׷
˾ܣɡ˵ţסļ
Ǹ˷־Ͷ㿪ˣͬʱذס
¹⣬ɵǰĳ࿴һòȻЩ忡
˭Ǹʵ
ң˵Ű³ָǸˣȰ㻹ʵʵһȥ
˿һۣĵǹٸˣܲѣֱӾͳ˹ȥ
غ֪ǰȻǸӣӦúͲϰˡûоˣͱԼˣ
ֻϧȻ³ˡɲɵŪ󶯾ϣѲ˾ʿ
లٺǸˣ׷ɵǸ˶š
˼׷̧ɵļʹ˹ȥɹ֣ûȻʹһУһʱ䣬ղƲæȥסɡ
ֻذ״ƹٷžƤ⡣Ƶģ͸
Ԫɿż࣬㱼·˵ˡ
ùҡ˵׷
ңѲָ˾˾͸˹סǸˡ
û°ɣɷס࣬ڰУֻ֪ԼʪյһƬŨصѪζ
Ѳָ˾˰Ǹ˴ش£üۣͯҹÿ̫ҽҵĴš
̫ҽ۾Ժرҩ͸˹ȥ
ȥ˰ɡ˵̫ҽлҲҪˡ
ҡɿżǰ׵ģЩ뿪
û£ġ˵껹ɵıӣ˶ץˣȥһôӦ㣬ɾʳˡ
㡭
ȥɣЦ˵ڣҲѰ
¾˽ҡ
ɰԼͯ˾ȥ˵Ρ
˵ɡɿǸˣʲô
ࡣǸ˵
Ǽ˸ʲôԩɱǣ
̧ͷڰ׷Ĵ۾ɣЩġ
˵ʲôСĲס
⻰Цһ˵Ǿ˵˵հɡ
գСͷеλ˴󷽣Ҫ㡣˵
ҵһ˵˼Ҳӵġ˵꿴࣬ذ׿ԣӣǴ٣
˭˵پͲܴˣ˵˵žȻЦˡ
ɼʲһתˡ
ٻһѣȫ̴պζජɣɫ𽥷죬ϵ
ʲôɴյߣŲζ

˵־ɵĲ˹ȥһŤס˫֡
Ȼ˵Ȱ㻹ʵʵ˰ɣ
лҪ˵һ°ɣĩŵʮ㡣

 57 

µĵ, ɢһѪζɲϲ̣ʱ, ǽʡ, ֮⣬֡
Ťסĸ첲򦣬ݺݵġ
ʵʵؽ, ҪȻǽϹŵߣһһȫ
ةĶŵӣէһ˺Щȡ
б۾, ˵硣
˵𣿡һ㲻˵ҾͰ°͸жʱ˵˵ˣ
£
лԵ, ֣˻ȥ
çײл˵Щɺ, ƽصɽô˳嶯
˵ɡɿ, µ߬ýġ
˵ʲô°Ϳ˵Ƕ˵Ҹ
ɲ˵, ˫ֱǰ
ǰ, Լʲôˣֻ˵ǵԼʲôϿ, ϰ䣬Ϊ游վ˶ӣҵ䡣ű߽ûū
忡˳˲ٿͷȵ/ǸˣûĥǸ˹õģ̴պ衣
ɱЩһˣʵ
ǵǡɣɵ÷·һ޹ϵ顣
һʼҲûʲôǸգʲô˵ˣʼҡңϵǿ룬ȻǸһģһȻ䣬ҸоһҶˡ˵˵ţȻЦһ͸ȥûˣһӾסĲ˵˿ôһ£ˣſſһ
˵꿴ɡ
˵Ƥ𣿲ģǴ£ͬʱЩաǲᷴôŪɣʱҪǸʲôǾ͵øʲôһ¹ɵúܡ
ɿһƤ
Ϳʼɱˣ
ˮ̵𣿡ʵĸǰͳˮ̣Էϡ·ϣȫˮζСʱʹĸΪʲôҪճˮ̣˵񫣬һղ飬һ춼þСʱףڣˡζܣ·һǧֻҧĹͷץץ
ɿԾò忡ȴ˷·Ǵ޼Ķֻɾ߾źɫӡ
߰ɣ
˵ҲվȥƼࡣ
ةǰȥ˵εţһڴյĿ̹ǣɴһսžԼӵֻص˼䡣
ʱҷ˹ȥתͷлԣ˵үôˣ
ʱ侭˱߱˵
ǲأѪֹס
أҲ֪ù
һӾסˡ
ʱة߹ͻ졣תؿھ˹ȥûվȣһӵڵϡ
ɣĨɾѪָ˵иҪ㡣
Цһ
Ҳĵ˵͸Ͻ˵
Ҷ˵Ǹܣôô֪أ
վߵɵĶߣ˵ܾǣϲ֪
ɿס죬һȭͻ˹ȥ
ʲôԹɫǿˡ㵣
ѹõ͵͵ģȴһһôɵġ
ס֣л˵ôˣ
ҳ嶯ˡɴ˵
лԿһ࣬Ϲ˲ʲ˵Ҳ
ؼұŶ˼ٺһ¡
ǡӦù
ûʲôˡл˵ȥԪͻؼҰɣڼ侲졣
ɵͷ첽úȥǱߵ᷿
߹ȥ澲ĵģ̫ҽڡԽߣԽĻš
᷿ţƿţ۶ڣȥɫ԰ף촽ǰ׵ġ
ߵǰսսָŵ档
ˣȻ˿ڣŵɺ󱳵ĺëˡ
Ǹʲôץסɵָ㲻Ϊ˰ɣ
һ£Ȼ
ôˣʵû
ߣ˵˵Ķˣ𣿡
ǰء˵ǲأ̫ҽ˵ƫһˡ
𣿡ʵ
ôۡ˵ԼЦˣˣղҩʱ򣬾ҽлˡҵֱС˵˶û󡣡
Ӷˣ˵Ц
Цˣɱˡ֣ôʳ𣿡
ʳˣЩ˶ɱġ˵Ķû˵
żʡæο
ұл˷ٺһ£ڼ˼ա˵տʯȥʡ
ˣʵΪûйƽղġ
ǡ˵ţһһŵ
ôˣЩͷԣ˵Ϸˣ
֪˵˵һЦһ߿ޡ
ǵô£
û¡˵̫ҽأҸղſүˣأ
⡣˵ô£ô޳
ҡ
˵ЩżҪ
ҹ֮ǰүˣȻ˵ʲô˺öѪ֪ùһΪ㲻أ˵ֿ
㡭౻ЦˣͰ˸ˣ
ҡҡͷ
ǣ
㻹û˵ôأ
ղѲ˾ٵģ˵ͦң̫ҽȥ˵ҵǽһؼҡ
ɵͷʾԼ֪ˣ˴ģһʱղס
һһȥɡ˵òã
š
ûʵҲûüʡ
ϱ˼˵Ѿˣƹܺá
ҿ˵꿴ɣôÿ֣ɲ̡
׵ǰǰ˻Ρ
㿴ǳúܣ̵ġ
ץסָϸƣ˵ǰһ°ɡ
治áҡҡͷ
ôŪģ࿴ֹؽڴ˺ʵǻˡ
Լһۣԥһ£˵˴ġ
㡭ֱ֪˵ʲôãǲйǰҲûôˣ
ҲΪйŶ֡˵꿴ԼֱȻùݣѪ˿ˡ
Ϊʲô
Ĳˡ
Ϊûʲô˵ƢЩ
ܡ
Ųţ˵վˡ
һ𣿡˵һòã
ɿż࣬룬˵áˮҸ㵹ˮ
ð˵̫ҽҲҶˮ
ɷţԼŵ˱ˮ
ĸĸأ
Ը׼ˡ游ĸˣǵģԳʱûôˡ˵
㣬·𣿡ʵ
²ˣѪ̫࣬ͷΡ˵û⣬Ҹ̧ҹȥͺˡ
˵䣬Ҹĸ˾˽
ĸɸæ˸к
ôûǰеʵ
Щˣġ˵Ҳãüˡ
Ǵ䣬⡣˵ûйϵ
ʱ۴˹һΡ
ǰл˵Ҫˣ̲סʵ
л˵з֡˵
⵹Ҳǡ˵˴߰ɡµĴӲúܣɵұۡ
ͷһָͷ
¶࣡
˻̲ס죬̫ˣ˿һأ
վһߣȥֲ˼Ŀһֱż࣬ߵԡ
׼ָһԴһģ˵רŸ׼ģ͸ɡ
ҡһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ȥ˵˱ֱŵģŪ˿ۡ
ŶӦһ˹ȥ
ǶüëȻ˽ʱȷʵһ
˼ҹ˵˵˴յ˵
֪
õÿã˱ӣġɷżãš
óһ㡣ɶ˵
࿴һۣͷ̲סЦˡȻǹġ
𣿡ʵ
û¡࿿￴ɣһ֪㵽Ϊʲôˣ
˵𣿡ɿż࣬谵ü۱ջҪºͣüᡣ
С˵ҲͲ׷ˡ
ȻǵЩûһüͷ
ҪҪһ㣿
ˡ˵һ͵ˣ̡㵽÷Է
ⲻðɡɿż࣬ŹУ÷ԷҪһȦ
û¡ָɵϣָ⣬Ǳ䡣
ôôʵ䣿
Ҳǡһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôãԴͷ˵
ҲһʱĿ·סˡ
˰÷ԷĴţͣɸҪ³ʱ򣬺Ȼס֡
ջ𣿡
ᡣ˵ž˳˯Ѿ͹ȥòã
áЦ˵Ϣ
ţҲǡ
ɻصңԺѾˣŵԼȥķǶѾ˺ü
ˡһӾ;ˣôôŻ
ץˡ˵֪ѣҹˣˣʵī˵һ
ˣϲأ˵ߵɸǰأûУ
ûʲô¡˵Ҿֱˣմˮվͺá
˲ģǰϸơ
ˣ
ûС˵䣬ġ
˼ûеƣֻǶ˽֮˯ɼ׻ˣһϴ֮ɵ˴ϡ
ȫĹͷɢƵģȴ˯š۶ǼǰǰӡǸ˵Ǿ仰
ϲ
лҪ˵ڶܻһЩһеģ

 58 £׽棩

ڴ, ŴᣵĻƷ㱼䣬ԼŵǹѪζ˸, ŬԼȥ֮ǰ顣龰ȴһֱǰ, 
Ȼһ¼ߣûԼܻܲŶһ¡
͸͸¾֪, ֻط˼Ҳ֪˯ûУôѪ϶˿ڱ˵Ҫöࡣ
ţȻñסԼͷԼΪʲôһֱɰԼڱҲ֪ΪȻΪʲô, ܾաðѱƿǾϷȡ
˯ɶƵķ˸۾, ˼ȴֻлƮԶҲ֪ʲôʱ˯˹ȥ
ʱ, , һҹ˺öΣ֮ȴֶǵˡǶ, ŷ´
ˡ֪˽
˸, ˿⣬˵ʲôʱˣ
ʱˡ֪˵ţǰ·
ô㺰ҡʵ, Ѿ⾰ˡ
ջ˵˽ղã˯
ɴ˸Ƿ˵īȥ˼ңһȥӷ㡣
ǡ֪ɴѣСѾ߶ӽԼȥԸī
ϴˬȻ˯á
Ϊղãֻһɫֱ֡룬ȥ˵ӡδţīͻˡ
ô˵ʵ
شӣ˵ʱȥڡ
ɻӻ֣˵֪ˣһҹȥ
˵֮󣬾˳ȥ
ʰҵԺʰˣϾͿ԰ˡūĸڻһѽѽġ
˯ûã˵ϸɣִѾ߰緹
ûһСѾ߽ƿ֮󣬷һ뵰̲סЦˡ
ǰҵūˡ
⼸ŰҹּҴҵؾˡתƢθܵˡûζ˿ֳˣֻøŪСʱ򰮳ԵĶ
ˡ˵űסˣأ
үһиȪׯҪ㵱ޣһȥõˡ
ɱ飬⻰һӾͺˡһţĵСӵԸǳˡ
ҵĳһζ;θڴ󿪣һ߿ԶԽԽÿɰôôϲ
ùЪһվ˵Ҫȥҿࡣ룬˰֮ǰүʴ絰һӹ
ⶫʲôǸزԸʰˡ˵
ɼϲʵ絰ĵӦҲϲɡ
룬ǳ÷ԷһȦŽ˼ҡԺӵſţˣæȥ˼Ժӡ
һţ˵Ǹִ
磬͸Ұɣ
治֪
ǰ˼ͿǸŴɫаĹ۾ģƯˡ
һ£֪ԼǲǸüߡʱ򣬼࿴æ֡
ˡ
ɵһͷһЦ⡣߽ȥ˵Ԫպɫ
ǹʱѾվش
磬λ䣿
ǡ˵һ㣬ܴʳһЩ
Щףźؿ񼾷࣬Ҫʲô
½᯼䡣ǹ
½ˡһ߻һ˵
䣬̫ĵӣ½ʵ
ǵġЩ
㣬½˵˵ͺˣҴ󷿵Сϵòã
³ײˣæ򼾷࣬ѯʡ
ѾͷҴ˾˵Ůոסⲻǿ쵽СܵСϲʲôֲҪ㡣
⻰֪Ϊʲôһһ߿ţȻЦæַŵߣؿһΡ
ɿȥһ֣ʾԼû¡
䣬ܸ𣿡½˵
СｿССģһøС
ƫ黭˵ƫ֮Ļ
ҿͲ𡣡½ͷбϲ𣿡
⡭źȻЦˡ
϶жԲԣ½̲סܵɸǰҺòã
Ҹ˵ˣɲ˵ȥҸġɿ½ᯣܱ֤𣿡
½᯸æͷ
ܣһܡ
ϲʳ
½⻰۾ˡ
̫ˣҿһָԡ
¿ɿˣһЦʵ
ţ½Цɣл䡣
ˣȥɡ˵ҸйҪ̸
֪ˡúˡ
½˵꣬˾ߡϴЦ۾ġɿĵϲһ˵Ӱɡ
ϣ½ߵſڣżһ¡
Сġ˵
½᯷Ů֣˷ˡ
½ɰɿ½᯵ıӰ˵
Ҳܿɰ˵
תͷ򼾷࣬˵ʲôأ
࿴Цˣ˵˵òã̫ҽ߶
á˵ž˹ȥ
⣬ڿĵţ˸ͶƤ
࿴ɣʾŮ뿪
ȥšҸйҪ̸
ǡ
Ů˵˳ȥīɣͷҲ⡣
ôôŹʵ
𣿡ɿӣҿù緹͹ˡ
Ҿ˵ҴϾͿʼˡ
ɵһۡ
ղôˣϣһߵɣһźܲˡ
ҡһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôҿ˿ָ̧ϵӣҸģʵ絰رóԡ
ϻҲˣҴ˶滨ִ֣һ絰㰡˵Щɰ
𣿡ɿҾˡ㻹ô໰Ҳϲȥ
ˣɵӣϾͲԾ㵽ôˣ
ɿż࣬ն˼Ѫɫȥɫ˺ܶࡣתͷ۾Ƕֻֽһ𣬽ϸָüЩ벻۾
죬˳͸˵˵һ˵˺öѪһ˵֪ùʱةѹŷ˾ͳ˵һ£ұķĽûסǸһšȻһˡ
ǵ𣿡˵꣬Ͱͷյɸǰ
Ǹ˸˵˵ϲ㡣ɾԼЩ˵ȥͱ˯þˡ
豭ͣ⻰һ˵꣬ŵЩ˱ӡ
ϲϲأʵ
ңҲ֪ЩãȻֻ֪ϱ۾ȫ㵲ǰΣǹѪζ֮ȥ
ȻЦˣֹȥɵЩӣԽˣһⶼûС
㣬ˣ𣿡ʵ
ɵһۣס졣
˵˵
ǾǻĶԲԣ˳סָ֣һ¡
ǡɻشõʵ
֣۾ͫʺ·һƵġβ͸һ˿ġ
أϲ㡣絽Լ֪˵ʱμ㣬һΪԼ֮á
ɱයЦˣ۾Цģ·СһĳëͶӰ
зĶ֪ж𣿡˵һЩȸԾΪǸҾͿȢˡ
һ£ָżࡣ
ˣֲ֮ǰһֱҴҼǲᣡ
ⲻǻӿ𣡡˵ԼҲЦˣһҪҲأҲͰ׻ϲ𣡡
һΣ㶼֪ǹˣϷ¥ʱ㻹ǲǰ˵ԼЦˣҰһۣʱ˵ʲô
Ұ߿˿˵ҴӴ˲ҿ
ɵų׺͸ˡ
ǣҲȷǲһõĸ˵ңľͦõġ
Σ࿴ɣϵСëյ˺֣·һ˵ˮң̲סһڡ
⼸Ҳ顣ּ˵ʷҲǰĳ³һλ¿̣֮볯Ϊ١㣬Ҳδɼڴ䡣
Ŀ𣿡ʵ
ͷ
ʥТֵ̫Т̫ΨһѪвѧйֻҪ΢һᣬʥϻͬġ˵
⡭Щԥһͬ𣿡
Ҽң⻰˵üëˣôʣǲ˵ң
ɵһۣ˵ҪȻΪʲôͬһ͹㣬һӸ絰
Ц˿ڶˣôôɰ϶ϲ絰ҪȻỰﻰⶼǣô絰жԼҪƵġ
ġǼֳ˵Ը飬ҵܲҡҼȻǻңڳã游֮顣
ɵͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ҽȻƵѾãʼи˵ȵ۳谮Ϊ誵Ĺϵûʵۣһ֧ȵ˽
ʱīţ˸æֿΣ
ʲô飿ʵ
ӣҸҴ÷
֪ˡ˵꿴ɣ㿴ϲ㡣
īɺ
кηԸīæʵ
ȥ˵һڼ÷
ǡ
ɷԸīֿ򼾷ࡣ
˵
ʥ֮죬ϧûͷ㣬һоͶ˵ˡ˵Ȼʥ飬룬ڳãұضػϾΨһŮŮڣʹʥηҡлҴ󷿣Ҳضʥһ֮
ͷżࡣ
벻֪Ļͦࡣ
Ҳʲô̲סɵıӣ䲻Уǳоƣҵۡ
ɵͷʾˡ
ڴ£˵ʵȻǸʵȱǳưûʲôʵȨ纲Ժأ
˵е
ֻҪǰϹŰ岻̫ԣ䣬һֱȥأ˵㱳зңҲ˵ʲô
㣿̲סʵ
ϲ㣬ŮǴ䣬ֻǲ˼ҵĹ˵ϲ㡣
Цȶյ⻹Ҫůϼ֡࿴̲סǰһ¡
ϣ
ŵİѣתؿָɣһ˸˯
Ҳǹġɸæǰյǰһ£ңƽʱϰˡû°ɣ۲ۣ
ۣôۣᶼˣԺ
治˹ɻЩģһ˿˿ô죿
Ųأˣرܻǲرܣ˵ù緹Ҫҩ
ҪҰ㿴ɻЩġ
û¡ͷ½᯴꣬һûСǣϲģڲͬһѩһ̲ΣɢŲĹϲ
ѾҪȥˡ˵ڣҪһˡ
ż˵ں
㲻ҿż
лҪ˵ģܻһЩ
ŮԸأǲˮʵǸͦûϽĵӵܡǣɰĵطŮʲô֧֡

 59 

յůᡣڼԱ, żԼЦ۾ˡ
Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵, Ҫϰʮ, Ҳȵôھͱˣ
ɵ֣˵ԭ˱˵⣬ʵǵر
ֲ⡣ɵһۣ
ץץ, ַŵһ¡
Ҫȶ׵ĶԲԣƸ֣뷴ڣˡ
˵䣬īؿһ
ӣҪ
ɸæվ, ӣЦЦ
Ͱˡ
ڴǰͷ֮ǰӷ׳, 
ʲôôֳӣ
˵ţȴһֱ, ò˵, һָв
Ҳûôι˵÷ʱųһ, ȻŮƽʱι١
⻰, Ѱϸؿ˿
ֲأһԵĵá
һǻӦԭˡ
÷ɡ˵ˡ
ɷ°, ߣϴɾ֮˿ӣͷż࣬Ϸʡ
ź򣬶ȥɡԸ
˶ˣŴյߣ˵Цʲô
ǲ÷ָһӵĺʣЩǷֳԲˡ
ǰشһòһΣһôУ㿴ҶãȰҲҪ㡣
պѵãǴԼׯϵõġɳԵÿģһ߿Ȥ
㿴񣿡
ɷ˸ۣû
Ϊɿڣȵûûζģɣɫɲ⻰û
ùһǡ࿴Ȼǲߡ
ٵϢأ˵᲻ÿ춼
ôܣҾҪˡ
վ͹ңòãʵͰ͵ģеҪʳʱİ
ɵͷ뿪ıӰĵʵ۴ôôҾͺȥװڣҾףȥһȥʵ˵أ
ȻЩأᣬֺã֮Ѿˡ
ѾᵽԺӣҷ򸾼ˣ͸ӣ¼ңҪ˼ҹȾӲǡ߶˼ôãҪллġ
˿ΪҿĴҶףҶΪҪСﶨҹӡҲûͣҹﻹС
ЩҪȥ˾ˮ֡ɸ˵Ͼ¼ңϵǱߣҲҪ֪ͨһµġ
Ҹһȥæ˵ô䣬Ҳ˰ɣ
ɵͷԼһҲû˼黹˵˵Ҳ͵ͷˡ
ʱѾɴŴ멣ЩС·£ãְ¯ӱڻžůˡ
Ҫȥꣿ
Ȼ˵ŰԼ¯ӵݸҪǾ䣬Ҳ㡣
áҡҡͷȻܿ죬ҪҳʲôʱأҲҪڽˣԸ⣿
ߴ˴գ˵ܸ꣬ΪʲôԸ⣿
Ϊ˴ǲ㴰ֽ϶ϱˣû˵ʱʲô˵
Ϊˮã಻ȥɡ
硣԰˸񣬡ǽ˵ɡ
ɿǰԽƯˡ޳ϸŮķˡ
Щͦġɽӹ԰ݹĲ˵Щ㽲ǴŹ꣬üĿˡʱҲá׻ŮԸڼҴأ֮꣬Ѱ˼Ҽ޹ȥЩ꣬ãҲǳԿˡ
԰ЦЦ˵ү˰ҴǵطѾҵĸˣʲô
˵꣬ȥȡ˼·ݸɡ
˸ܵܣ·ǰЩģʲôӣʣңÿһ룬һţҲϣܱӵܵƽ󡣡
ɽӹϸƣϸܣɼ˹
׻ȥ˿϶ˡ
һɾ͸ˡ԰͵ſڣҪתȴƳӰã֪أȻաԼһڣæתԼԺӡ
صңɻ·ȥǶūֳһ㣬ѧԼţɼ棬̲סȥСһòˣЦأôһֵȥ
أ
ūһӣܵߡ
۸ܵˣЦ˵ū˷޿Ҳá
⻰Ҳ˵˵ԼҲЦˣūٴһ㣬ҲҪ˵ƫˡ
һ£˵ұƫô
ʱ֪߹
طˣҪеĶ׼ˡ
˵ͷʾ˲裬˶뿪ɼūֹͰĸӹš
γ˴ī֪Ҳһ˵ȻʥѾ֪ݣҲ֪ˣǴǣչ鷽һ㡣
ŷūС̧֣ͷ˵֪ͺˣ߻ðأ
еˡ˵㣬żһҪЩˡ
գգ۾˵ȻǸԪһ𣬾͸ôôˡ
˵۾ˣͯŮ˭ҹǣʱ嶯Կ㣡
ЩףԿʲô
⻰̲סЩȥĵǲ¥ݣôʲôأ
㡭һ׳嶯磬ʲôģţ뵽һȥô
ǲסһ˵ۼҽԺӻڣ㹻סġ
֪һߣѾ̵üҶᶼҪЦˡ
ûסɼһ¡
㻹סһأЩ˺ó嶯㵽ʱԳ֣Կģ
׹
׷ġ˵ġ
Ҳò֪һ࣬๡
úúá˵š
صͷ
ʻϣԣȥТ̫Ͼ
ס˵ҹЩӻȥʵġ
ңڼԺӶ˰Ķʰãԥһ£ߡ
ȥҹ
ͷ
Ҵۣƺ»ī
أʵͲˣ
ðЩ⣬˽סҵԺӣ˵Ǳ߻ˣ㹻ˡ
㣬ͷҹ衣˵ҷӦҲõ
ΪʲôЩ⣬йʲô
ˣסͬһԺӡԥſ˿ڣ嶯˼ǸʱԿ
²׹
׷ģӲǵȲ֪ˡ
Ȼ֪֪嶯˵꿴ż࣬˼Ǹúӣ㲻۸
³ˣѲԼǸɫӣεЦЦԼôϲô
ʱһζɸ̤ȥĹٴҸҵ˶ȥǣ˼ɴһλһ˿ԼӣʵǹйŮģ׳嶯
˶˵ȥοε飬ʵϣǰѰˡ
꣬Ҫնݳܳȥ衣һлȣһ˵ȥ˽ꡣ߬Т̫ӵ֤ݡ
ôˣҲ֪˻ڲ˼䡣˵֮ǰǸ裬˷ţûþȥˡ
ģҵġలο
ãã˺ģһ̫ˡ˵
˱˵ʵ˵Σؼģȥס
ңãؿ
԰ӿɰıӣȻʺңТ̫ӳ֮˾ӽꡣ֪Т̫ӵĺӣʥģȻ׻ʵ۴㳹׳褣ұȻ֡
ɵͷʾˡȻŲ豭һüͷ
ôˣʵ
û£Ӳ̫˵֪ҵˮͺá
ǳԻʲô𣿡ʵˣ
ɱ;Сһһطʹʱ鷳꣬ټϼһ˵鲻
Ȼร飬˵֪ˡ
ۡະۣ
һī˹
кηԸ
أʵ
īЦһ£˵䣬δεѾˣСա
˭ʵ
֪㡣
֪ˣȥҪ뽪ҸоЩҪ
ǡī˵ˡ
ȵȡະסīҲϲóЩסζ
īظһ飬뿪
㲻㣬Ҫ˵ɵĶͷô۵ͷȫǺ
Ǵ̫䡣˵ƽʱǲ۵ġ
˰ѻõǶ˵վ͵ˡ
ţɵͷĵ鷳
ʱī˽ˮ뿪֮͵ݸɡ
Ӧòˡ˵ʵ㻹̫СģҪ˽ˮʵҲûʲôġ
СһЩĺá
һ뽪ˮȥɾԼ࣬Ҳ
öˣ࿴ɫЩ󣬡糿ٺһ롣
áɵͷ
֮ѰҼŮҽơ飬ǲҪ
ɿż࣬ȻЦˡ
һֱô𣿡
Ȼˡ˵꿴ɣΪʲôôʣ
ҡԥһ£֪Т̫Ϊ뿵ƽģ
ҡҡͷʱʵ˭̫
ٳ֮ǰȥ¡˵Т̫˵ΪТ̫ϥ¿飬ƽżҪˣТ̫ӾܾˡƽΪТ̫ӷӶŽġ
˵֮żࡣ
ҵҲǣΪҵ֧ƣô˷ūһԺҲüѣ𣿡
ˣ˵ŴյߣȻôôԶҾ͸㣬мҹ棬ӣҲ檣ֵܵĺӾͺá
Ŷգգۣȴˡ
÷ɡ˵վ⺰ۣŶī
˵֣ͯأ⴬ϣ粽ˡ
ɱĻЦˣָһ¡
⻰Ҫĵġ
ľ¡˵㽿Ҫͷ֪չ治
Цһߡ
ֲδⲻҲûа취𣡡
ùɸϿȥ˯ˣīѻ趼ŪīЩƣո˵ԼЩģǼ
ɵůůģֶ˼ӣڶǾú˺ܶࡣ˸Ȼ;ñһæͷ
֪㣬Ѫˡ                        
лҪ˵߾ն룬µе

 60 

˴, ͸ȥڽԺӡһ·ʻ̲꣬סƿϸơ
һδ, һ˼ˡ˵, 
Ҳչȥơ
˼ˮȻ⣬ԾЩɵġ
һ¡˵, ҵݸӣʦѸߣ飬ҵŸ˼˵
ͷ
ȻҪȥ˰׼ңáɼ˵, ҵ֧ҪݻһΣ鷳
ã룬Ǹ
ɵͷ
Ȼ۾һת, ˵ڻ֪Ůɣ
֪ҶûԺôڣôôƭˡ
ǣɵı, Ҷ㱻ƭȥ
յʻĽֵ, Ժӡ
ǰĴš
壡
ˡһЩ
֨ѽһ, һλ˿Щ
үˡ
ɴżԺӡһ, ԺȻ󣬵Ǿɵģõú¡
۸īȥʰɡԸ
ȥ鷿, д֮͵ң
ȥҴ󷿵𣿡ʵ
ùǱߡ˵ҼһбҪأξͷŹǡǲǾͱҲˡ
ҵ飬ҲһЩ±ӣͲˡ
ҵ֧ڽҲЩɻû꣬Ҿ֪ϢˡϷ룬ͷԸȥɿšԣɸһ´Ϸ˾͵õϢ
ȥѴүϷ˷Ը
ҴүǰպŻؼңûãϷ룬æϴȥԺ
ǸӻˡϷ˵ʲô㣿
үһ£˵СڳӲˣǿûˡң϶ֵ˸СӣƲ䲻ˡ
Ϸŷ飬˵δء
ԿԼס
ĸкƣ
С˹٣ƱظϱһֱŸͶԶֶŮǸǰ̣⺢ӻܲǣ
룬˵ˡ
ȥɡϷ˵ǺӺú˵˵
ҴүķհףҲǸ̻ԶݡǸֶŮүҵĺӣĸ˫ûа취̡
үطԼҷ˵֮󣬴㶣˵үǺӿó͢ٵķˡ
˭ͷˡү˵ˡ
ֺαأЩġ
Ǻڽܼ޸ʲô˼ңүЩͷ϶ĶҲͦáЩܵûرһ
̾˿˵֪ˡ
үԸ֮󣬾ȥԼ̻תת룬ĸϡ
ȥ϶ӸСע㣬˿
ڿûһҶүŷ˾˽
ĸסҶүһߣ˶Щ̫ףʱĸʲôأ
ûһС˹õ˸񣬾ߵߡ
ù飿
֣ʾ˶ſţϷ˻ظһ顣
ĸǺαأҶү־Զһ߷˻ǱĺǶб£ۼȻãسܻûġαطҪ˼ҵļҵأ
˵ͷ
СĸߣҹܲҲȰ˵㿴¿ʲôܽˣ
룬˵ȥһ˶ӰɡǰǱߴк
ԡ
ĸףݷĸɡ־Զ˵ȻĸܣǾͼвУĸʧȻ
ֻǱߣ˵ſԼֶŮ߰ϾͶԼԼûŮǴС۵
ʵڲУȥӰɡСһ˵ǲС
ҵһأһŲ豭˻ҵܵܽʮ䡣ǰЩĸ٣Ҳ֪ؾ˱һ¿ɾװˡ׶߶߶ײʤţ˸˵ˣ֪ôĸ׿أãĸԸ⣬Ҿȥݸ²ͳˣ
̵Ҳ̻϶ڿƾ٣ѾǸˡܼȻұȲԼңǸԼֶŮ䡣ܼСҲҲǸ忡ɡ
أ
һ߶ѾɵˣԭǸˣǶɩĵܵܣ
˼ֶŮû˵ȥȴѾ͸ˣҲˡ£ˡ
վȥ϶ҡ˷ԸҲʲôˣʱҲôϽϢݹȥ
ǡæӦ
ɸϢһ죬žû÷ʱ򣬼˲עǰ˵ӻ𣿡
ûʲôˡ˵ղ˯ʱ򣬷ǲ˹˵£ǹȥ
á˵ӷҳȥ˽֪ʮǰĻӦЩ
Ҳֻˡ˵Ҳ˻᲻ΪԱԼū֮ǰҸǸ裬Ϊӹ誵׷飬ŽĻ
ɾˡ˵
ûϵܲõɵǰο
˵ŻҶ͹˵Ҵ󷿶ˡһ£˵ɡ
ǣ࿴ɡ
ţȥԺһˡ˵ҴǱߣֻǻǸˡ
ɫشĳ衣Ȼǰ²ɵǿóǺҲѹĸۺ죬Լڣòôö
˵ŴõĲߣҲ״ɣԼõģûôá
ţŲ˽⼸겻ܣԽ忡ˡ
ɼɩ˸񣬡֪ɩȻãʲô£
ͷﲻź֪ɵĸŷĵؿ˿ڡ
ĸҪ㡣˵
ȴЦˡ
ĸʲôʱҲأ
Ȼ˵Լȴһ졣
յ˽꣬ĸ֪ˡЩҪǲ˴ĵţ˵ݼĸ˵֮㵽ңͰĸҵıֶŮصһȻС
ĸǺơЦԶɩͨ籨ţ
ͷ˵Ҳ֪Ȼĸܼң¶ǵĸˣĸԼЦԼǸԿ׵ĴѾߡ
ɵ֪
Сһڲ˵СԳǹ˼ҲĸЩ˵Ȱ˼ûתܵǳ˲١
ԣĸǱδģ
ĸҲûʲô㣬ұֶŮ檰ˡ˵ҹи׼ȸĸǱӣ
Ƕɩкأ
һЦ˵ȻʲôܡҼǸȻСǿҲԡҸ粻̣뿴ܲҲƾ١
˵ɾˡ
ɩġպСֶӳˣôĸдŹҶڽҸʦ
ԣϲʤæ˸
ǾͶл֡
ɩ
ˣĸǱֶŮѾҼҵܵܡ˵ܵʱעЩ
ס
Ѿˣ׼ǡ
ſڣȻ˵˻
ɩÿڲţеȻЩƽӹΪζɩѶӹأ
ң
ЩšȻҲỤ̊ǶǹѸ˼ҡڣԼͽ֣Ҳ֪˻ҡ
ɩȥĸ֡˵Ȼʱ̣Ҳ˲ˣϿ˻׼ģɩǽ̣ҿ»һ塣
ͲһŮɵĻľЩҲһ·
תͻ鷿ڿɵıʼǣҪ˵ͷߺߵġ
ҵ֧Ǳֳ۶ˣ
ǡĸȻҰŸ
̲סЦˡ
̧д˸кī
Ҵ󷿣˵ҹʵڲÿգһᣬȥݻĸ
ǡӹظһ顣
УѸҵƷȳһݸĸ͹ȥ˵ʧ˵ǱߵģӸ˽Ҷϡ
ˣīˣߣָˣ˵Ůʱ򲻺岻á
ʱѾöʹˡ
֪ɺŪ뽪ˮ
ֲˣͷ˰ҸһȥҾͲżҵͷסǣ
Цˡ
ҶѾǴˣǻһҹӣǴǱŮ뼱Ҵҵؾ㡣
ɵıӣ
ңɵӿֿӿڣ⺢ӹʲô˲õɣţԼЦˡˣԶ볯ô꣬ʲôҵأ
ʮо֮󣬾͸Ÿ⣬ڣҲȥҡһգ뼾վڷſڣЩԭ뷶ңȻݹϵ
ɼʦ
̫ү
źףˣ㱼ֻصǰТ̫Ҳ
ɡ˵꿴ɣûã
ͦ˼ġ˵Ҳ˼ӡ
ǰ;˵ʾ˶ȥź򣬡չ²ֻǿͷӰɣ
ɸһۣӻͳţ˫ֵݸ
ǻʵҸģ鶼дˡ
Ϊʲôǧ˸һšСÿŷ֮󣬿ſţ־Щ
뼾һߣ˶Щģ̫үôˣһиôҲ֪üС
ĺӣţɵ۾ʵ
ǡɵͷ
ԭﾹȻк䡣Цֲҵһۼϲǰýһ游
ɰݷΪʦûʮ꣬ŸϽ֣Ϊ̰棬Ȼ߶ˡҲޣԹԵشͯ·ߵŸѰķү
һĳϲһ߸˵ڳЦԸԸԼӡ
˭֪ɾȻæŷҾлдʡ
ɰݼʦ                        
лҪ˵һˣһ㡣

 61 

, 㱼䣬òʮǰǸЦĹغһ
ʦڷ̫ү, ػһ
ز۾, һſŵŮ
⣬ȥ̫˹
ǣһӦ
үǰɣüչ
⺢ӣмĸƷ񡣡
, ҵĵճŮŮװȥ棬ʶ΢š
ҳúĸ𣿡ʵֻ֪ҺТ̫ӡ
񣬷ǳ񡣡˵
Т̫Фĸ, ɼָТ̫ӳһģһԷǳ
ʱ̫˽һɾסˡ
̫ˡɹ˸
ǶԼЩ, ʹ˸ɫ˳ȥ
˵, ⺢ԭТ̫ӵŮ
̫һ, ֿ򷶆ָɡ
⣿
ŵݸ̫, ֮, ϲؿɡ
Ȼһ
ȻʺţһֱТ̫ӣТ̫ȥ֮, Ҳűܾӽ꣬¡
⺢סĶ̫˵ţɵ֡
סլ
ź˹𣿡̫ʵоͰס
ˡЩΣ⺢ӵûأ
̫˲˼ЦЦ˵ⲻһʱģȻȥˡ
̫˵꣬ɵϸһ顣
ʱǵӡ
ԥһ£˵ĸģһᾭġ
̫ͷ뿪
ĸһֱеĴ̡㣬˵˾ӽ꣬ҲΪˡ
ס
ӣ˵ȥſǸл
ɵͷȥѼ˻
СȤķǹ񡣡
ɸһۣ̫үô֪ģ
ȻˣҲɵ˵ͯˣйŮģǾҪˣʲô
ɺԼĽż⣬һ߸˵Ͷֵˡ
ˣǿЦˣ˵¡˵ҪҵˣԲڽꡣ
Ϊʲôô˵Щ⡣
ϸߵõˣȻȻӵùۣȻҲڽֵطү˵Ӻֵطջ񡣡
Ӻ߶һ䣬ӺԹǴĵı֮ءǰ˹ǰ˥ܣӺ±ȥ֮ҲǰЩ꣬ոհӺͼ
Ͷˡۺӣкܶ෸µˣȥѡӺ»ع֮󣬵ص˶˻ȥ飬Ӧܲ鵽ȻǰǸ˻ţˣ褿»ҪQá
̫үһ˵Ǿôʥ˵
ЦЦ
ͷһ׮顣Ȼ˾ӽ꣬ǻҼСӽҲʮˣͷǻȥʱ򣬰ϡ⺢ȻЩѣ̫úùܽһС
룬˵̫ү塣
ʲô岻ģûôߡ˵Т̫ܹĺӡҷҲôãóˡ
һߣҿ˿ЩãȻ
ȻǸŮޣТ̫ӵĺӡʥϿ϶㲻һ㡣Ҳˣ־ԶΪ飬ʶͬһŮ˵ʥʲôҪ˳ű˵ضʵġ
ǣǲǲ̫ãʵ
⺢ӣȻѧʿԣϻЩͨЦ˵ʲôᣬʥϷˣŻ̤ʵ
ɵͷ˵ȥأ
үżһͷ
Сӣ˵
ȥ֤Ҫ÷Ӳμӿƾ١ǸʵʾãϾ̫үǰ볯ʦ
ȸ䣬׹
ҿµͦʺ㡣Ц˵СռıˣԳ±˽̫࣬Щ棬㵹ǿԶ
ɵͷ
ԺʥĻ£ʲô͸˵ʵġظһ飬³¿Ǹӣ³̩ۼλ֮ʲôûҪֻҪڳΪ١泤̩˻ùãΪԭ򡣡
ס
Цſ򼾷ࡣ
ֻ֪δСүֲ⣡
ңָָԼıӣȻԸ⣬ʲôȥֻҪܼңͿԡ
౾˴Ҳһ࣬䲻¶һ࣬Ǹӿɰ
á˵̫꣬ѡлҶĹֽʺ󣬿ϧʱСֶлҴһģͳ̫
һ£˵Т̫ã
ұ˵Щ˵ҲǸպҲóףЩ飬Ҿ֪óԿ·
游뽲
˳ƺԼż˿ڡ
꣬лȻòʴ¹ڸ߽ࡣǼңȷʵǸĸΪ̫΢ԵЩȡ
۶أҲ۶˵ʵƽµˣǷŵΣҲãҲգ̫Ƿŵƫǳ˭˵һ֡ڳҲң̫ӵ¡ĸĿŵذ
ɵͷû˵
ٿʺ󣬴̫ӵĻӣҲͰˡϳ谮Ǽĸܷ˵ǵǰʥ߬ǣ˭˵ȡ
һ£̧ͷ򷶆
游˼ǣҪȣ
⻰һڣ⺢ϲСӡ
ûȷ˵һ߾Цˡ
Цʲôɵһۡ
̫ү˼ǣһַΪβѡɵһأ
룬ȻЦˡ
ˣʵ
ţ
һ߿ţЦÿ
ø߰ɡ˵ͷӺȼѡ
ðЦӦˣ̫Ҳ÷Ϊܺѡ
û취ܵϣҲʱܽƳĲ˵ԼЦˣ̫Һãѧ࣬أֻһЩëͷСӡ
ԼĹ𻨾ƣɿڣŨǺ󾢶ܴһ߿ŷ̫үȾƣĵҪˡ
Ȼ˴űһЩͷΣͿһ
һʵƺ󾢶أ
ҵȻ֪󾢶󡣿λ游˼ҺȾƣһܲţ˵üͷ
ӣ˵Ҳȥ۰Ѿ㡣
ţ˵Ϳϣܡ
ȥѾ˯һ
ɿż࣬һôÿÿüëī۾ϸβȻһۣһζıֱָ˫ЩζΪˣӷֲ̽ɣɰ롣
ʲôأ
Ȼ۾һ
ÿ
ɳһţǰʵ˵˳
Ҳˣʵôֻ˵ˣ
գգ۾˵ȷʵúܺÿ
ֱ̧۾
ܣ
ͷ
жòŵ
⻰ÿ졣
Ϳ쵽ˣչ־ˡ
ң˷żص᷿ԼīѾ͹ȥԼϴһ֮Ҳⲽȥ᷿
ҹôʵ
칫ӣոΣںöˡһ˵
˯ˣ
ûУ˵˯š
֪ˡɻӻ֣ȻȥЪŰɣ㻹ðҹأ
ò֪棬Լҡ
أȥʵ
ͷ
ҪҪйƣɼɫ԰ףеʵ
ǵأ˾ͺˡɾ˵üͷûʲôԵģ
ôˣʵθۣ
û¡Ǹո겻
֪ȥ˰ü˰룬üͷչŷ
ӡ˵»ٺһ㡣
ҽ˰˵Ŵס̫үѾϿˡ
㰡̲סͷһ£ú˯һͺˡ
أ𣿡ͷʵ
ҡҡͷ˵㲻˵ģѾʼˣû𣿡
̾˿˵֪ˡ
ҿ㡣˵Ҫһ飬ȥҲ鷿ţīҲġ
С⿴һۣûע⣬һ¡
˯˯ɡɰ＾ǺñӣŲ۵鰸
ʮǰɱ˸Т̫ʳҩλ衣һλӳлҴүһλ֪٣ȥӺôڵ׻ڲӺأ᲻Ż𣿾˵Ϊնݳλļ˶ûŹ                        
лҪ˵ȻΪ

 62 

, ;ͷۣãã˺, Ѱһڴ롣ܸܲȥӺɣ̯ͼ, ˼ӽ굽Ӻ·ߣλܻ̫ˡ·;ңԶ׷, Լӳ졣
һǲǺҵģԼأ鰸Ǹ˿϶ҪԼ˱ġʥѸТ̫ӵĺӻ, Ӧûҹɡ
ɾãæȥҼһ߿ţָһʡ
ߵǰ, ໹˯šԼЦһ£תҪ, ͱסָ
ˣɵͷż, ǲҰ㳳ˣ
һֱû˯á˵˯ѵġ
ǲϸ, ҪҪй
濴һ, סɵ֡
Ҳã㹻ˡ
ɼЩԺ͵ſ, ûзӦ
ֲУҪʲôã
˭˵㲻ǡָŵһ£ֲҪŲˡջǰĻǸϿ׺òã
ɰָ˻ͷż̲࣬סЦˡ
ãù𣿡
û˵ֻǰ̽̽ͷɶߡ
ô𣿡
ɶߣŪġˢһӾͺ͸ˡ
һ¡
ȿȣ
ɸæվ˵ȳȥ㴩·͹¸˵
˵ʲôɾͻæ˳ȥ̾˿۲֪ȥĶˣԼ·ͷأ
һŴ·˳
ô˵
ͷأ಻˲۵ӣߵ֣Ҫ۵糿أ
ٺȵѾͺˡ
˵䣬͵͵ָ͵Ц߬ýġ
Ҹղſͼӽ굽Ӻһ·ǳѣҲ֪λ軹ڲ˵ҾȥӺҵųǻţΪ˱𣬿϶ǻġ
С˵дý֪ͻǿԣǾܳδˮ·
ԣܻؼҹˡЦ˵
⻰Ȼ
֪Ҿ˵ˡܸһ
ɲͷ˵ǻȥԺҵݾܹˡ
Ҳǡ˵ţָ֮Ҿҵȥף𣿡
ʲôﶼЦ⣬ʵ
Ը£˵һ¡
ȣ
´һ£ɿ֡
ȥ˷Ըϸ˵θڲõʱϲԵ
á
˵æˣ֪æȥٳŵʱ򻹵˼һۡ
û˵Ͼ͵˼ҹۣҲ
ùɸֱ鷿Ҳ˵͸һ鷿ſڡֻдţҲûʲô̫صΪ
ãڰдãһ
ϼǵðѾˡ˵ǻҲţǲȥԺӡ
ûʲôˡ˵üģͷеۣվͺˡ
Ǿͺá˵ֿɫǱ̫ˡǰƻҪȥҼΣɱٺȶˡ
֪˵ɵԭôҰ
ȿȣӣӣʱˣϢˡ
֪ˡ˵֮Ƽ࣬ٲߣˡ
࿴һۣյ˵ոѩ档
СĲ˲̲סһ¡
ѵü˽Σһ¡
߰ɣƼࡣ
㶼û׹أ
ҲŲҪأ˵ΪʲôҪ㣡
ܡ˵ͱסɣͷۣθҲۡ
ȥС
ļ˵Ҫҽõġ
̲סЦˣ۲Щƫͷ˼һ¡
º𣿡
öˡ˵ԼҲЦˣ¾ҵ鵤ҩ
ǻߣ͵͵ָָ裬밤
ɿ̲סͷһ£뿪ߵ鷿ſڣͣڲǰŲ˸
ĳ֮һ׵ġ
˵֮ɿ˳ȥ̨׵ʱ򣬻һ¡
Сģ
عͷſ鷿ĴǶ̽Ц۾ģϵÿ
ƣԺûˣ첽߹ȥıӣ֮һ¡
ûǰɣűʵ
ö˵꣬ƳӰɳָָͿ첽ܳԺӡ
һͷֲſڡץץͷ˵ɫˣҸȥ˯ˡ
֮һ̾ʹӲܻ˷䡣
ص䣬ͨͨԣڽٶһʱ䡣
дźܿ͵õ˻ţҲͬ˵Ŀɸ¾ͻ
ã˵ȥ֮ǰȥǵĸôԵТ˳أ
˵⻰ʱϴ΢Цڼ·һֻСꡣ
òҸһ𣿡ʵܶ໰㰭Т˵ҿǸ˵ġ
룬ͷʾ⡣
ҲáλϷ˲֪ߵغҲǸ֪֪ˡ
Ϸ˽ӹǲ˵ӣ޵ֱˤһ豭СǰЩӻûԼ֣šͶͣŲ˵˵ɤһһС˴ϵƵġ
ڵãǵ˶֪СТ˳ҲԼĸ治֪˭̸ģ̫ɶˣ
ź𣿡Ϸʵ
ϷˣźˡŮ˵λһ˶þͻСѾ߹Ѳˮϣ֮ӻᰲȥԺ᷿ڻѡʱ򣬱Сߵ̤ͻűСӽ滻¡
ʱסˡϷ˵СӹƶˣͷƲɵĵ̤˵жС㡣
Ϸ˷ģȥˡ
Ժ棬һɨѾߴӴ뿪ɨԺӣԺɨñﳾģüͷ
ɨˡ˵
СѾԷɨ㣬ܵǰ
£
ȱɨˡӻӣȥǶ̤һˣϷжҪ
˵꣬ӻͳʮͭݸСѾߡ
ţͷǳȥ
л㡣СѾ߽ӹͭ壬Цžˡ
ϣڴ˵ķһĪչ
ùãô죿
¡֣ܼҵ°϶ˡ硭
ϸţһ¶΢ЦĸǺüƲߡ                        
лҪ˵һȻ٣Ǻ𣬲

 63 

Ҵ־ңķ֪Ҫ, ԥһ¾Ͱý˹֪ˣֻúЦƷ, ôҹ
ؼ֮, ˺üգϣڰظԼҷ˿ڡ
Ҷ࣬, ˵Ӳ𣿡
̧ۿ־Զִ۾
δ޵ʱҲżܹϵ顣ﻹ佱ҡЩСǰ˵֮, ЩĶֻǲ֪ĸǷͬ⣿
޹Ҳˣ, ֲҪǿԴҲ, , ûһ˵õġ
Ϊʲôͬ⣿־ԶͷΪ֪ʲ, ֻس, ԸΪҷǣ˻أ
ҧһ촽
ǣ㲻±˵л𣿡
˵ʲôл־ԶЦ, ˵ҳûԳԣǼʣ
̲סЦ˵أ
ˣ˺ð죬ӰԼҾС
̲ס־Զһָͷ
ֻƶ죡
һ£Ȱ־ԶµһմӸӪڶգոմϷ밲־Զ˰˱Ӹһ߷һﻹЩ룬˱ӣ˾ȥĸԺӡ
£
ܼ˻ԼĶϱڹе֡
ˣ֮ǰ齲ˣĩԥؿŴˣ˵ϱ֪²׵ǣϱԡ
Ǿ¡Ц˵϶ҵǺӸλˣˣ
ǣպǴˣǶԷá
кβã˵ҸƸϱƸбµİļǻĽأ
ŷ
֣˵أܱô룬ͷȥʱ䣬Ůбµġ
ȴ룬ôƼңҪں࣬ٲǱ˼ҵļҲ
һգҪȥҴ󷿡ȥԺӣһٷסˡ
㴩ȥ
ҪȻأ˵ſۼ࣬ȥҲѻˡ֮ȥ֪ţȻȥҡ
ðɡ˵ߣĵҴ󷿣Ҫùˡ
ɸȥ֪ţ֪Լջ֮ת˰ǲŵҡ
ԸͣţԼſڣīǰȥš·ˣָָ㡣
ϷںȲ裬˵ſڣüͷ˵û𣿡
ϷˡȻǿˣǣ˭ҿҹ߽Ű
кβңϷһӣҵﱲѲɻҪȥſӭɣ
ģ˼ĨһѺ
Ϸˣ칫Ӵǹٷ
ϷֱӰĲ豭˳ȥ
ţ
ǣ
ɸſվţҲϱΪ˵ۡƳһ˵Ͳһӣ
ΪʲôҪʵ㲻֪ǰϸҪ꣬ȻҪġ
С˵סԼҪӵͷϣġ
һſˣЦ뼾˽ȥԺ֮󣬾Ϳ˶΢΢ס
ɼĸ
Ϸû
ɼĸ
ָ˵һ顣
־Զһ߿ۣԼĶӳɸ˼䡣СһСЦܵϷߡ
ڣ˭
Ϸ˼ɸʣ˼װͿֻװſɣ˵塣
ɸĿĴﵽˣЦһ£ܹߡ
ˣ䲻̫ʹϷ˵꿴ż࣬λ˭
صĸλǼӼ࣬һǴ䣬Ҳһͨҵꡣ
Ϸ´˼һ˵Ӻ磬ٷǳĵúþ񡣡
ĸˡҲЦػմ֪ŹæվҪؽ꣬Ҳ͵˸չ̽ĸѣȻҲˡ
üҶţϷʵ
Цˣ˵ĸ⻰˵ˡüҶţǼҶÿš
һ£ͷϷһۡ
Ǵšɶߵáɴٷľǳ͢˵ţŶһ֣߲桢ţʷ֪ˣӳ͢пܵġ
һЦҲ̫˵ˡ
Ϸһӻһӳ͢ѹ˻ȥӻ֣ʾһߡ
ﻹãϷʵ
еĸĸͦõġ˵µõĵܵҲͦõġ
Ϸֲ˵ʲôǿ˸΢Ц
ûͷҪϵϵġ
ûġ˵˵껹С֣ǰ֡
һöҪЦϷ˸˵ҪѴūǵϣ˵ǰ֣Ϸ˱
ԣֻ˸Сзūɼ˵˵Сɣūū˵ǣӵܵƽ󡣡
Ц̵ᶼˣʲôʱ˵ô˼
Ϸ˱һͨùǺûЦһ£ĵһҪұȫ
СѾ߹ϲ裬֪ΪŻأһ豭͹ȥˡ
׼㿪ˡ
Сĵ㡣˵
Ϸ˼ɶݣȻˣŲ豭ֽ˼֡
ѾͷǸѡġ˵Ҫ
ôأ˵ĸߵèҪȱأ
ֺܿ죬ȥзϷ˵
̹ȻһЦ˵û취ٷʹףʪ䣬ˣϴɾԺҪܾòɹɡҲҪҪֱȥʥϵģʧ񡣡
Ϸû˵ʾŮٸɵһ衣
˸һ£˫üԼͨ籨ţϷҲ䲻ˡ
ʱСѾֶһ裬εȵصݵ
ɰѲ豭ŵߣֻմմͷˡС֪ڴ󷿣ǴҶԵĶԳԡֻϷ˸һ˵ģ΢Ӿͺˡ
ʱŮһ̲ӣۼӾҪᵽˣסˡ
ЩѾͷôˣЦŴȤôʲôк
ЩѾ߲ǽսԺӣЩ衣Ϸ˵Ū·ûҪҪȥˣ˵˴һ¡
ɼڳ⣬Ҫ˵ȴסˡ
»ҪϷעһ²źá˵Ȼ̻־þӽ֪꣬ĹأǵǺĸңЩ˵ȥҲЦġպȢףضССĹؼһ棬ɾͶˡ
Ϸ˸뷢ȴλǼҹӣ˵ûˣǹ⿴ǣֻңͱȱ˼Ҳͬ
أ˼ҵ棬̲ãɼ˼ܡ
лԪָ㡣˵żüë
Ϸ˸ȴֲ÷ֻü취᷿죬ײ˱Բ⣬Լ
лҪ˵ЩæԸµıȽ

 64 

ֻ΢Ц, 豭մմַϷ˼ЦƵᣬһ
ɾôԼ𣿡
ǳ䵭, һ, ܾһҪӱˡ
̣˵Ϸʱҵˣ游֮ʱôҵﵱˣ
ϷûϵɾȻ˸ǰ£һʱ䲻֪ӦԡҲ, ǶϺЦ
һ߿ţĲɵһˬôӸԼס
ɡϷ˳һ˿ڣ㱥ʫ, Ӧ֪һ仰С˵־񡣡
ϵЦݸˡ
ĸΪСˣ, Ͳˡ
Ϸ⻰һͻ, Ѳ϶Ұֵ鱻֪˲ɣ
ʱ, Ҵ̴ԼֶŮŸһֻ, Цʹ˹
ְ
Ҵ̺ô, ɫĶ̰ۺɫȹͷϲһ֧Ĳҡֵġ
˳˹ȥ, ĵպǧҪִźãžͻۡ
ּҹǽģվҴˡֻɸû۾ϴ˸ת䵽˼ϡ
ÿڽǼжÿʱϺЦȴִӹɢϡ˾η׽
ּҹȻԼһȣصͷԼĽż⡣
ɩ˸
൹סˣٿţҲû˵Ϸм˶ֱӴɡ
ܺþòԽˡ˵֮󣬾Ͱֹק˹ֶŮ
ɿǹȻͷ۾ȴһֱƣ̲סЦһôߵĶйﳯأ
ĳּҹ
Ҳ۾ȴһֱǱ߿ٳٶۣôĿ⿴Ҳ
̧ͷ˳Ŀ⿴ȥɿڿԼҴǴŰԼֶŮ޸ɵ⣬ϧôҲϲǸŮ򡣿ң￴˵ô}ûأֱġ
һͷּҹƲһ֮Źȥһţ۵üæջĿ⣬￴ȥͱһۡ
һ㶣֮ЦˣǳԴˡ
ôһ˲䣬ü۹˾ûȣԱߵ˭Ҳûע⡣
ʱСѾ߶˲ɳӻҪԼкʵ̲סվൽϷ˸ǰ
һεģѾкôһ£˵֮Ҷһۣ΢΢ףּ˵·ʪˣ쵽ȥֱ˵ҵҪȥʲôڵҡ
⺢˵ʲôأ
Ϸûϵɻ˵㻰ֱ涼Ҫˡǳ͢٣ֳԼҿҪڽסȥġ鴫ȥýֺͷ붼õһҡ
Ѿ߲˼ˡϷ˵ȥùµĺúý̡̽
СѾίί˳ȥҲϷˡ
ĸɻȥйҪˡ
ϷҲԼȥᱻӻ־뿪ˡ
йҲһߣ߹ߵʱ򣬾ͼһӵ࿴ûһžͲȥö˶˵ӣһӡ
ôˣʵ
ƿӿ˿ҵԺӣ˵´ƾ˼ҹ߹ʥϼ㲻ҸҲøҸӦûĹΣҵﲻҵˣҲܻǣֺαأ
Ҳԡͷʾͬ
ɿżָ࣬һ¡
㣬Ӣ̽ɣǴ鰡˼ҹһ㡣ֻϧϹӿ㾹Ȼ
һץסɵָŵһ¡
Դˣ
˵ʲôأһѳԼ֣Ҳûأ
ģյߣסЩӾҪˣ֮Ҫ£أøϽҵȥףҪȻ˾ͱˡ
˵ʵѾǰ϶飬ô˵Ҫһٿһˡ
ɰһۣ˵ΣҪһֱȥġ
Ҳٰ˵
룬ͷ
Сأ
һ£ȻЦˡֵıӣ˵û泤ԶСΣ³¿⻨ס
룬Ҳͷ˵Ķԡ
أʲôȥ˵ϲ㣬ΪĹﶼһʻ鶯ںԺ㲻ģ˾ľġ
û˵˿ڼϡ뾭ѵȻô֧Լá
㡣˵һϣõʲôѬ㣿
ҲŲѬء˵
Ǿϵζš
˵˵ȴȻֱȥҪѳֲסԼˡ
ôˣ
ɿϣñˣֱӣʵ
ôˣһڿˮ̫Ȣˡ
ҲɵӣһӾ׹һһȥ
ͽԶһ㡣
ƫأ
˵Ҫǰ첲üë
ҪҪҵȭͷ
𣿡
⻰ż͹ȥˡ
Ҫıɱ׷򡣡
С˵
˭׷򣿡ɴչȥʵ
һԼǰ̲ס촽һ¡Ȼ͵ˣҲ˺üȭ
ңںԺſڣ̤ߣȰҲǣȰҲǡ
䰡˵ȥ𣿡
˵ǽѵõĺůůģԺɹɹ̫
̤һߣúҪˡѱƭҪġ
ȻӣǵͶݡ̤ϷߵѾߣȻǸѾߣǵҲϷԺģԲҺݹ̤ȴҲȰ
ţ˴澭վţЦ
ʲôأ˵ղѰҲѰ
ɹɹ̫˵ߵ˸ǰĸѰ£
϶ҵ״Ԫɸոˣ·æˡ˵꿴̤һۡ
̤վ󣬲ӲԾһ¡
ǻǿϧأһ˿ϧЩӸŶɩ̣ࡣ
ֲ´󡣡͵͵˵һ䡣
̲סЦˣ۾ֻСꡣ˺Ȼã϶ҵĺӣĶϱֶŮ̻ˡ
лҪ˵һˣ߾йˣ

 65 

, ÷ʱ϶Ϊģڶ, ˼, ڰ಻סĵĺ棬˿ڡ
⻰ǲǵˣ
ɵͷ
ǵġ游ȥԺȥĸҪҵҰÿζ͵͵˵ԺҪ״Ԫ, õĸٵҵ
ˡ˵ͷ
ţɸ˵صͷʵҲ̫ףҵȻӣҲֲͷϡ游ȶµĴ£ΪʲôҪҵеΡ
⻰һʱЩ֪ôػòſ˿ڡ
Ҳ֪ġ, ģԺһҲӡ
Щ, ҵ̿ȴյżĳһǣžһ±ˡ뼾ǰ÷, ֪СѾź
, ׺ҲӰɡֻ, ù֮, Ǹǰһңǹرȥ᷿
ߡյ˵
ɻֵĶͷ˵Ҫȥ˰׼, ڼҺúϢ
׼ңһ£Ȼ򣬡ŶǸ̺ķң
ɵͷ
̺ϨǱ߸ý˼Ȼȥ
ô˵Ҳһȥźá˵
̧ͷˮĴ۾Ǻ档
Ϊʲô
⻹򵥡޽ǵ鷢лý˰
˭Ҫ㣡Ʋһۣ顣
䶼Ц⣬֪ǿЦҲգյǰһ£ôˣң˭
ں߷˸ۣؿһΣоɤӶҪˡ
ߣҪ
ߣҲߡЩƤԽˣŲ۵Ӽߴţϱ˵ңҲС׼޲ޣ
ƫͷЦ˵¡
Ҳ°͵ſһ۲裬ע촽÷·𻨰һ㣬ҲҪ޵ġ
ֿһ
ӣɫˡ
ڸأ࿴ɣ˵Ҫǲ˵һ϶˯š
˯ž˯£ҹ㣡ɵΣ˵ת
ģѾ˲ϲ۵ˣ˯ҿҪµġסԺӵﲻǴٹž͵ˡʱҾѾߵĺ󲱾Ȼ͵͵Ǳӣһɻ
ɿƵ˵Ц˶ϡ
ԣ޲ޣ
ͷſɣĶͷÿǰ΢ŵȴôؿһ·£ȵٴȥˡ
ҵˡ˵
ôˣͷ۾ķ·һ㡣
ҡǹ˸诶ֱţ˶ڵġ
ҲɵȻܲæͷʹˡֻʣ¼һˣ˵ԺϷʱ
ɵڶմ֪ȥ˰׼ҡ˰׼ңȻŴ󿪣׼СӸ̺վſڣڵ
ô仹ʲô˵žţҪˣôСġ
̺캬Цɣ˵أڸͿ
Աû˵ֻ̺ļ򣬷·ԼȨ
ӣ˽ȥ
ЩҸġ֪ӵݸ̺죬ܶҩȻҲУǵױĲһЩôЩϸ޲˵Сãˮ͸ȻŲÿǱȳ
̺ЦŽӹӣݸŮ
лĸģ֮ͬǰڻģ顣
˵ִӻͳһŵӣҸġ
̺žϲӹɡ
׻˵ʲôˣ
˵׹׼ӣҪǿһ
һ̺Цÿģ˵ײġ
ǸС𣿡
һ߸һɣһʱЩţ˵һ䡣
أɹˣҡ̺˵Сĸ£ϸͿʲô
Ǿͺá˵귶̫үʦ£ǲȥҷҡ
̺һ£ͷ˵õġ
Ӧóˡ˵ԺÿգȥƣǴ䣬ܿһЩ
⻰üЩչ
ǣ̺˵ԼЦˣɾɺùˣ
Լҽ򣬿һΣЦ˵ǱȽҪ
̺ͷȷʵлȥǰ׼պ϶Ҫֳȥģֻᣬȥûʲôá
һ½飬ɾ׼ȥˡ̺ûǰԼһš
úչҰ㡣˵Сʱ˲ٿ࣬Ժ󶼺úõġ
̧ͷɣ˵㲻ϲ𣿡
ЦһƬ¡
ҵȻϲˡϲһˣҪãԲԣ˵ʱСŸȥǻ죬̺͸һչңʼչҳԶҵƣرá
²ףɶԼӣǵˡеĽ䱸ɵļ
һúչ˵ġ
˵֮ѹյߡ
Ҵ󷿡ǰЩȥԾƣϴ󣬿ǻﻰѾҼҵԼˡ
лɹ֣лĿĿԿǡ
衵ͷ˵ġ̺Ҳָոϣ߶¡ҲףСûˣٰοȻ˵ĸ׹̺ܾھεġϾ軹׶
ǰЩɽԼķôȥˣȴǰһ΢Щűڴϡ
һۣת͵ûСŽֵװʲô鶼ûǶľȴǸڱ
Լ̲סЦôˣôƵģЩ翵Ķ

һϤ
ӹСݹĶתǸˣЦ˵Ҳǰ
ǰǸֿ˿ڣϵ㣬ƭҡ
Ժܾãֱ˵̫ңףһ̫İʲô顣
ܾ֮˺ܶףŶһֱסлӵƹ񣬵ʱᣬ˳ûԣҲвٹϸԸ⡣ֻǣİ
û뵽Լ˵һ˵ζſţͳԵģͲƥ϶̲סЦ
ܲסĹƣɽŷؼˡ
һξ;úЦ迴࣬û뵽ҲܲľȻŮ²ɣһ㶼١
߹֣»ع񣬺ȻñһĿһֱŽת˰Ȧȷ˸Լȥ
Щˣ˭أ                        
лҪ˵˫

 66 

ɽ˼, ֱסԺӡոûã緹
ôô˵žԱ
಻˵ԼԺϷ, ֻ˵û˯á
ǲǾ䣿ʵ, ˼Ӽ̿衣
ຬӦˡ
մӰ׼һ͹£ʵ
ɻˣ˵һʱڸҡһ, ý
Ī©Ϣܰ˵֮ԼַԼĿ֪Ҵ˷Ϊο֮£ڷңӲܡ
ϸָӡ
ǰ˳̡һҲǺЩҵ, Ҳ˵⡣
Ѳ룿
˵ֺ꣬ڲӴȻһ¡
˵ȥ˷, ʦ
ǲȫΨһŵ, Ҳֻзˡ֪, ɶұ֤ǲǰ˳ˡ
磬뼾, ˹˵׼СӰ
ڹǺ£żġЩ, ɡ
衽Ժйһߣһɡɻ, ˣֻ֪һź
Żһλ͢ٸһͬģʵ
ͷ˵ǵġ
ͷ칫
Եǰһ졣תͷ溰һɡʹӺ˳
ּ¡˸񣬡Щͻ飬òС¡
޷衻ӻ˵ߣ϶ˡҲ֪ҸЩ顣
ɵͷ
˵һ˳ݸɡ
ת㣬Ժ󣬾Ϸ˴Ϣ
ɽӹƣϸƣǰ˳ҵ˲еġ
Ҷôõģʵ
һЦ˵϶ϵ⣬Ҹ㣬СʱĴǰװġ
һ£֮ҲЦˡ
עⰲȫ˵ˣͷС
֪˵أǳ͢٣Ұ㣬պȻҵĺôҼҪ¼棬˶ڽˡ
ҲСġ˵ֳ֮һ£ԣͷָҶ磬ԣʱǱһʱ䡣
⻰һյĵɵֱ˿ɡ
ôа
ɵͷ
һתġ˵Ҽң
תһ۾˵ʱҪȥ¡ˮֵʱ򣬽˴ͷ˲ƿֿײ֣а׼ҡʵ۳ĩٶǽаִűǸҲҶǡ
΢һȻø󣬵ҲҪŲõ
£Ҫȥ֪˵ȥ󷶼ҡ
ס˵
˰衣ƿ˰죬˵ôõթɣ
ǲթڲ˵˵Ҷȷʵõơ
ô˵Щ档
Ҷʮʱвٺѣои͵ϾӵֶΡȥңҴү𷣡Ҷڼ棬һ߹š˵Ϊ֣͵˸顣̫¶ţҾҪȥˡ
üëһʱ侹Ȼ޻˵ңһģ˲š
ڸΣʵƣǰ˳ˡ
ɽӹƣϸƣ˵ҿŲ˳ĶܾЩһˣȥʦˡ
峿Ʈѩ£֧ͤů¯裬Ŵڿѩ˵ˡ
ɡ˵Ų豭ңҪˡ
ʦ
ˣɻǰŵĳƺ
Сӽչк£ĪҪ̰ҵĲ衣ɫţЦ
ǡͽ֪ʦʱϲ裬ⲻô
˵ţͳƵݸ
ӹֻԿһۣɫһ䡣
ģ
Ҷа׼СӸҵġɱ˵߿ŷɫ˵֮󣬾ŴҡòԾ͵һ
֪ҵƣʵ
֪˵Ԫ˵ǰ˳ģܾϵĻƣЩһ
誼ҵơ˵ʮǰѾƣҼ
誣һ£ǱȦ𣿡
û˵ְС¯ϵĲһ˵һ衣
֪֮㱻ΪˣıڸУҲһЩ˵ġ˵ڳͶȡɵЧ誡ңĺƴ褻һ֧˽
ɸֻ֪˽εģǵһ˵
֪誹Т̫·ǰڿɵĽ֮־ʳл˿ɵǰͷ
˵꣬̾һ
ĸոպãɵ۾һ֧˽誣յʱ߻ʵۣҪҪ㣬ѵܹ
ɷ˸ֲۣ÷˾ӽ꣬Լ²췴Ѿ御ˣôҲҪѳ͢췭ظŹ
ʲôʱʵ
֮󡣡˵
Ҫˮ·˵½·ȥһͷҼˣ͵ң࣬ŷ
ҵĸŮأ˵ЩŮװǻŲû¶š
ġһɣТ̫ˣҼǼ˵ãܻȫ
һ
ϴһᰲҼӵ˸ǵĴֻ
̻ˮ·ϲŹټҵĴһ·ʡȥܶ鷳
΢ɽǶ˱´ӵĹ¸ӡ˵΢ɽסһ֮½·
ͷס
·أʵ
ģϴԻ˸㡣Ȼ볯ʦţǰġ˵һ·Ҫţع磬С򸾻ҡǣһҪ硣
ΪΣЩ⡣
룬ˡ
֪ЦŽ˿ڡ
磬ֻ˽ģ·ǶҲϡ档˵֮ż࣬һСպǸҲȢͷӿĲ㣡
̫үġæ񣬡ĳһֹ񣬲в֮¡
㻹в֮£꼾Ļ۾ҵ˼ãϾйŮӽ굽뵽ʲôˣ
һߣż̫үģ۾Цˡ
ţҪ
뼾࣬һͤ￴ѩ
δ£ǼѩҲ治סϱ㻯ˡֻϵѩܶôһĺܶ飬ѩһ㣬ʧó׵ף뷭˵û֪
ˡȻ
һСͯ˹
ȥү˵ѧ꿪ʼԲΪңҲˡ                        
лҪ˵еڶӦͦġI(^^)J

 67 

ɻص, 򵥸֪˵һ¡豾ɸ൥һ𣬿³, ûбİ취
˵ʲô˵ɡ
ɿһֹĲ, Цſ˿ڡ

Ϊûбˣƺɡ
ӽ굽½·ҪաҪסйŮ, ǧע⡣
̲סЦ
ˡһ˵Ϊһ·뵽Щʲô
˵꣬ߵǰס
֪, һ·ŴȥǧҪСġһץסˣҪ
ĺ, ӣС, ֪ظ顣
ġ˵, ūźȻΪϸй֮, ˮ, ū̵أ
ǾͼǵϴЩƱ˵ֽˣ·ҲϡֻҪ·, Ҳܻ
ҵزأ̧ɵͷӣ˹棬Ҫע⡣ҽͰǮǷֳɺüɰţٱһЩ쵽
ţɾô飬һξЩš
֪һһֱû˵ʱȻ˿ڡ
ӻ⼸ս̻ͷ
ûѾͷؿһۣˣͷɲС
ѧ򵥵ķپͺáϾҹмԼͷġ
ʱڼ˵׼дҴһһתۣǾҪ뿪뿪ˡ
˴ɸûϵ΢ɽһ´ɴŲ֪뼾ȥ˺̴·ʽɱ˱裬͸뿪˶ɿڡ
λסСļӵĹ˵
ͷˡ
ɴŮװܾòþһߣȻɫţȴԾɲɵò֮ǰŮװʱǹɡ
Ϊţһҹû˯ãڶʱ򣬶Ȧ
̫үλ׼ġ˵Űһݸɣ·棬ҲзƱһЩˮ̫ү˵վ·
ɽӹһۣ񣬾ͳ˴š
峿ɰϵ·££ǰնģǽ뵽ݡ
ıСˣڽͷһݳǸˡ
㿴𣿡ʵ
ϸƣͷ˵ԵģҴù
⻰̲ס⻰ôôŤء
ɽմһɫխ̰һѻɫİȹһɫĴӣԵ⽿Ρֻô룬ȹôģ߼·Ҫһ¡
λȥǴ𣿡
ݳĳǸ˵Ĵ󺺣ϳ̲סʵ
ǰ˵ݡ˵õ˳̲סһۡ
ЦЦ
΢ЩСɽȥԺܾ첻ȡ
ء˵
Ϊѹǰԭ¶˳ģüವġ
̰ɡ˵һ·Ҳ֪ϰϰߡ
ϰϰҲֻˡ˵££ѣ죬ֻҪû׷Ǻ¡
һ·߹ٵȻƽ̹ǵײȳʯ·ƽȡ˰գ̲סˣθڷڡ
ɼɫףеʵ
ߵܡ˵¡
û𣿡̲סʵ
Ҽҵһ𣿡۾üͷҼ漮ݣˮ·ΪʲôҪ½·
ɷ˸ۣ˵ʲôּʵܣְԼϡ
ҿʦ׼ʲôûëġ
˵ŷ˷˻ϴѾǸʲôûС
û¡˵Ѿˣڵʱܵݡƣûпɵ
һż࣬һƿӻͷơ
ġɷӣ˻ʲôûС
ŷ
ʱȻͣһ㶣ְֱͦסŵĶ̵
λǰмҿջҪҪ⣿洩˽
Ҫˡ˵ݼ˲ˣǵøϽϵݣͷСץ·Ӻ˵
˴棬£æӦˡ
λгʳ𣿡ʵûУǰһϳҲС
룬ӻһӴӴӵ˳ȥ
ҼҷЩͷΣͷСȥ˵ʣµӣԼҲʳ
лˡӣ϶ֿˡ
еûͦ˳ڡһ˵ôһУҶûôˡ
ɰһۣ˵ͣˣɲûôˡ
üͷڻһ
ɼ״Ҳߵظź󱳡
ҿó˰ࡣɱ˵߶Ǳߡ
Ϊˡ˵оȡ
˵ʲôأ˵ŰˮҵݸڡӣΪҡ
ഭ˿ࡣ
аա
ƲƲ죬˵컹һأ
˵ˡӻ֣˵ˡ
˵˵ɷżصϡ
ҸղſһΧˡ˵ûпɵġվͲ˵ˡ
ô˵ʵ
ǵĴ΢ɽͣһˡǶ֣ӦþڰҹǷִûˣͻ֪΢ɽѾ˴˵ǿ϶ȥ΢ɽ̽ӦûϵһѡһԶ·
ɿż࣬Цһֻƻĺꡣ
ΪǸ·ضѡ·˵
ûסһָͷ˵տͼҪôأ
أƫҪ߿ǡԭ򣬣оҼڿбԺʲô飬иŵĵط
㵱ôû˵أʵ
ǽж˵Űͷڳϣ˭֪ҵĸǴ󷿵̽ӡ
Ҳԡ˵Ķͷأ
öˡ˵סɶ֣ҪǶмҹʲô鶼ûС
ɷ˸ۣҪ˵ʹջ˳
λˣҪࡣСҪ˵ˡ˵ŰʢŰĴ͵ݸɣҲһ
л˫ֽ˹æͷŵһߡ
ˣæɵֿ˿ˡ
û¡ӵŴͣùҨһףش˴͵ߣԵɡҪһܣθڸܲˡ
л
ȻҲͦõġǰᣬƵġ
ҲԵɡ˵ҿ̫үѼơ
ʦ֪Ұ⡣˵˵žЦˣСʱÿʦҳԾϲѼˡҵʱΪҺþƣʵǺЩƲˡ
èֵɵıӡ
һҲԲá˵ŷ˷мҪҪ
ڰ֣ھθЩڡ
ҾԼˡóӣЩˮ˲֡
һ߿ĵ˼
лҪ˵𿪸ģһһ£Һܿɰ

 68 

ɳ˵, ͣ, ˮ, ˼ڡ
ʲôأ߸ʰãͿһ۲ضҳԵˣ
˵֮Ӳ˲
ǡ࿴˵, о㻹ðԼ
룬˵ҼҲȻСҲǺū澣ҰԺźľв֪ʱ֪С, Ҳʮ꣬źʲôҳŵСĽʱ䳤, ɲѧԼչԼˡ
Сʱࡣ˵꣬
Ҳá˵Űˮó, Ҫ𣿡
ҡҡͷ, ˵ǲ̫ҲˡȻˮұ£ô, ˮˡ
, ͷ
ȷʵЩˡҲ쵽ˣûϵ
λС磬жõݣƿһ䡣
ˡ˵, һʱ
˿ֿ˻ȥ
ֲˣʵ£
ͷ˵û¡ͣ¾ͺˡ
Ҳ֪޽⣬ֻܰѰһ㡣
һθ˰
ôˣɹеʵθۣ
е㡣Ǹղµ̫ˡ
ְڻ˵̰ɣͿ쵽ˡ㿴ܲ˯һ
˯ţܡԼζ˶ˡ
Ķͷɵļ򴦣Щ
ܵúܣ
ûɵľ﷢һֻھƵġ
θͦ۵ġЩû£̡
ɼ״Լִ֣о֮ظࡣָůỺüͷչ
˯һ˵˯˾͵ˡ
̧ͷɣ˵ǸϺˣҪͷչҡ
˵˵Ϊҡһ˯һҺ㡣
ͷغۡ
ɵͷĵÿ
ʻٵյͣشɵĻů˯ˡ
۵ʱɰġ
ˡ˵
ƿӣֵ
λסݼһסꣿ
סꡣ˵ʱˣҲǱģ˼ȥݼҡڿջסһҹڶʰȥ
λǴ˼Ұɡ˵㽲
УССˡ
˵ţƿӿ˿
ҿջɡ˵
ϣһȵذͣſڡ
Ѿöˣƣӵݸ֮󣬾ɽ˿ջ
λסꣿСǰʵ
ͷ
ҪһϷ˵ݷ˽ȥ
ϣС˵Ű¥ϣλһ͵
ɴһ·䣬ԥһ¿򼾷ࡣ
ôˣϣԼŸոջ˹
һŴС˵齶ûС
û¡˵վ˯˯¡
ⲻðɡɽָôúúϢС
ǲ˯һŴ˵ߵɸǰ˫ֻסļ򣬡òã
ȻˡɸæǺǰɣֿʼ˵˵ˡ
һֻըëСè̲סֵıӡ
أôͬʱ˯һŵġ
룬ü˵е
ù֮˯˵°ҹʱҺ㡣
áɵͷȷʵЩˡ
ˡС⴫
ɡ˵
Сֽ֮ط˰ںãλá
ȵȡ˵λСٴˮ˳ˮҶˮ
˵ӵݸ
ͣҲ鷳ϴɾ˴
ϣСӣˡ
ǴΪʲôҪˢɾɺʵ³ʱҪҾ;ú档
δȻ˵֪һ·ǲǶƽƽģԡ׼ȫһá
е˵ӸǰԷɣҶˡ
áһʱ̲סһĶͷ
˿㡣˵θ𣿡
ûˡ˵ͺˡ
ɿ˵Ҫǲ͸˵лûġ
ûˡ˵õˡ
ɫȻʱࡣ
ջһ죬Ҳ֪ܲܵˡ
ɵģյǰͷϡ
û¡õġ
ǻϽԷ˵ȴĶͷʱһͷ亹Ҳ𣡡
ûˡ˵⻰ʱ򡣣ϵЦöˡԭô
ùɾˮϴϴ
һ裬ϴɡ
ùľͺá˵һ裬Ҫݽŵġ䣬ϴһ죬Ľſ춳˰ɡ˵ҵĽſɲ
ɿһۣЩ졣
ûµġ
ڵȻû¡˵ŰϣְһˮϵǰЩڵ֪ˡ
Լɺ˵ͷ
˵ȥſڰãӸǰƣ𴲣ѾԶˣͲ̫
ס
ɵĽˮȷʵϿʼů͡³ʱ򣬾ýŶҪˡ
ůͰɣЦ˵ϴ˾͸Ͽȥ˯
ǵúҡ˵˯óѲԼһϡ
һȥıǼ⣬ְѱӸǺã˯ɣ
һˣûһʹ೤ĺ˯ۣȥһ¡˯ˣԼоͽЩʲô
һƬףֻż۾ЩɬҲˡ
ۣѴϵӷź֮Լȥ˴Ӹǰشһ졣ڼһԼһ¡
Ѿˣһ˶ûС࿴ϵǷ㶣Ȼϴһ󼱴ٵؽŲ
һ£ǽϣ۾ȴ͸϶档
˴ӽ߹֣ӡ
ˣô죿
Ϊϰ΢ϸһ㣬˵˵
ʱ򣬹ӦҸջסˡһͷ˵
ݳô󣬿ջô࣬ôң
˸٣϶סĲۣС·ңûв۵Ŀջͷ˵ϧүԸǲܴݾߣҪȻһأҲǡ
һʧںҹУ
º¡˴ֱǰ
ɽˣò۾
ôˣˣ
ǡҲŸˣ͸͸ְ˳˺׷ˡ
һ£˵ô죿
˵ܴݾߣǾͻлᡣ˵˯ˣʰߡ
۾
ڿ𣿡
ˡ˵ʰöһ㣬һŶʲô
ɵͷʾԼ֪ˡ
˴Ŷŵ¥ջĴѾˣŵСش˴š
ҹɫȥ˿ջǡ
ʲôʵ
͵
˵꣬ϸƣһƥɫĴ
ðСһ˵ë
ƥش˸ǡ
Ƚһʱ䡣˵Щ
㡭һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
¼Ȩûа취˵Űϵ˨ĺϡ
㿴Ǹʵ
ץץͷһָ
ɡ
У
˵׵ϣ֮ͷɣ˵ϳɣ
°Ͷ쾪ˡ

Ȼһüëϳɣ


 69 

, ãӶ, 뿪˿ջ
ջ, ҹĵСԺۣŹصʵʵģץץͷͼſϡ
, ˻ͷеĳԲݣе˯һС·˩ںϵӣ, ȥһק
ˣС˵ӣֿ˻֪ô˺Щүһû뵽үϹȸ, Ȼײôһ׮¡
ӴãЦž뿪ǡ
, 뼾͵˳, ȥǣ߱š
ǳ򣿡سǵʿഩÿ, Щɡ
ǡ˵
ʲôʿʵ
ȥ
, æƿӣ¶һ
๫ôˣܲųһȥׯ, ôͣˡ
ʿЦ绨ؿż࣬С޽ӳ棬ӻ־ˡ
˻ȥһ
ܵ𣿡
ٵûʲôˣɴյǰʵ
Ӧ⡣˵ֻǲ֪ǰȫ
һȻ˵㲻ˣ
أ˵ʱûʲô飬εòСüУͺˡ
ϡЦŴȤ
ӣҼݳɻȵҲЦŻĻ
ڳ﷭˸ۡ
ҽʲôأ
ôǺҽأ۾ǰ棬˼ȴȫϣղǷеĻ˭еģ
ˣһˤӣ˻ȥ
˵˵£û˵һ϶û˯۾ˡ
û취ܵǰ棬ƿӿżĺ󱳡
˵˺ҹ𣿡ʵô춼Ҳûҡ
˸ǷһĻҡεˮڣԼϡ
ˣں濴ۡ
˯óҾ˯һ˵ʱŰҲܣ˯һùһЩ˭֪Ȼְ˳ˣԼ˳򡣡
ڳЦ۾ˡ
ôݳʵ
ˡ˵Ҹ׺Ȼùŷ磬˵ʲôգֵܸѧ
Ҿڵøлˡ˵һǲݳġ
һʱ侹Ȼ޷ػ˵ģͦеġ
ʱſ߾ɶǵıӰ˵ӡ
ͷ˵һ㣬һǰʲôҲи׼
á˵ֶıӰϸţ֪ҲΪֹ
𣿡ȻʵҪҪҰѴ멸㡣
⳵ͦů͵ġ㣬ţ𶳲ˡ
˵䣬˾Ϳǰݸ߸ġ
ǵȥǶԶٷ˵ٸ׼ЩϡϻĶأûԵܲ
áһ㣬Ҳ˵˵ϸЩ
İɡ
ǰУûһͿվʱһӶ
治֪ʲôˣȻһֱ˿
ǡɭɭģˡ
ǳ͢׽Ҫɡ
˵ȫ価˼ɵĶ
ô죿ʵҪͲͣˣֱ߹ȥˡ
ɳһ˵а취ˣһ㡣
˵֮ͻص
û취ٶַŻһЩûһ͵ˡ
ͣҪ³ɵ
һѣҲ㡣
಻֪ʲô˨һ֮󣬾ƿӡ
ֻɻһ򵥵ĸ˷٣СȻ͹ָָӣ˵ɵðҷˣСһأ
һ£Ȼˡָһɣæ
ûĹյ˵һ䡣
ǵ˵ݻС˵
ʱǵС˹˸˵λǣ
ø˵ٰҰιˣ˳׼һЩݡ
ǡС˵
ŵ㡣վȥ
סˣһ̥ˡ˵γǸĸЩìܣҴ
֪ˡ
Ȼ뵽ʱ輧˷ֵʱˣôôϷ
Сģſڣһַɵһְȹһ㡣
ڴˣ˹æ˹ȥÿษӸȹӡһ߷һСĵصͷŽ¡
òùȥƣһʵûƼ
ʲôƵġһ˵Ƿ׷ˡ
ϣջϰ˳ôĶӻˣ
ˡ
˵ϣԱñˡ
ʱôܰϰǸ˵ˣ̲סʵ
̾˿ĸǱ߷Ҫ˸һ֮¾ܻҡ
˵֮󣬻ԼС
öԣϰ˵ӲǲŲǸأ
һţǶֵˣˣôôݡ
ᶯ𣿡ϰʵ
أ˵ʱ۾ģŵʱɺˡ
ϰ⻰Цˣ˵ں棬·ݴʱͲˡǵһ̥ɣ
ɵͷ
ҿ㵹ûϰ˵϶û⡣
ǰµʲôԲ¡˵ײˣĸ£ҪôҰҪ
һţĵЩǴĶģܱࡣ
극һ˿ɫ˵Ͻ߰ɣϻҪϵȥأ
ͲٵȻˡһʵ
վôЪŵġæŸ·һ·Ҳͣ߰ɡ
վߣȻһſͣס˽Ų
㿴СǶҪҵǸˣ
ɵ˰ɡһһ£ҵǸеģ
Ҳԡһץץͷ˴š
ɶ飬⻰ʱ亹ˣˣ
ģɵıӣⶼõ
ЦЦ˵ֻǲŲỳɣƼʲôû
˵ֻǽסÿˡ
סʵܲסڻĽҰɣ
;ûдӰɡ˵ӶûУɾûа취ˡ
Ǻðɡ̾˿ҲպһҲԡ
ǾԵ㡣ϾֻܳԵԸˡ˵һ˵촽ˡ
ȥĲ˰˳ɷݵذ˷Ž׽ȫɢˡ
С
Ҳð˳ʵúܣ𣬷ҪǲԸϧˣǽ֮Уɾð˳ɡ
ˡù֮ɾվһ·Ҫأ
㣡üë˵ָָ֮ĶӣϷҪݵס
ŷԼڼװиͷʱӣȥ
·ŵ㡣ϰں˵ӽأ
һһӦ֮󣬷ߵϡ
ѧĻ񡣡С˵
ۡɿһΧ˵ˡ
̰ɡ˵ǣ˹֮úϢ졣
ţɻϣȼӹҺ֮󣬰·İ˳
һ㡣
İɣӶ뿪վ
վϰ˳ǵ
õͦԱ𲻶ԾˣǸӡ                        
лҪ˵һӦͦ

 70 

վϰ￴Զȥ, ˻ȥ
ò˸ţһӹ̨ڴ˳
ˡϰ˵ûʲôɵġ
ŶǸЩɻ, 㲻˵˸˳ĻЩ𣿡
˶أϰ˵, Ǹˣһǻأ
㶼֪Ǹ˴ӹ̨˳Ǽٰء
ϰҡҡͷ˵û, ǶǼߣʵʵǸи
װأǸ˵
ϰǸһۣ˵Ƕ̬ģ£ûǸ˷, İ⣬öǼٰģ, Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҲǡǸ˵ˮһˮŶ, ɲܷˡ
ٵ, ڳϸоͼ
ԪǸи, ҪҪޣɹȥƿ˵
ס˵, Ҹղһֱվϰ㲻Щ𣿡
룬ҡҡͷ
ҾûʲôŹ, ǻЩˡǲǱߣұȽϵġ
ġзһţûµġ˵վϰ÷ʱһֱ߿
ɿڳϣŬ֮ǰ龰Ȼһ
ֱִһ³ᣬһأ
౻һЩӳϵ
ô֪ġ
ϸ룬ߵʱǲûӣ
һ亹ð˳
ǡ
˳̫ƻˡ˵ССܰ˽ȥ
ǲڴӽסˡ˵
סĶʵס
ǵءһ߿һ㣬ûзľݻֻҪڷ磬ܴպһޡ
̾˿˯þأ
Ҳ̾˿һҹû˯ϻҪ߾һ˳϶Ϊ˴ƽǱܸɵദôãҲǻ±Ⱥ¡
գڵ磬ⰵ˹ٵպڵÿ죬ڿ컹һתۣͺ͸ˡ
үˣûһһĴׯ
ĶʵôĴӶţթɣ
һ£˵ᡣӦأʮǰˮ֣֮ߣ˶ˡ
ô֪ģ
һһƿӴ棬ȻӶڣ涼ڶģż
Ҽ嵱ǿǵ֪Ȼ֪˵ָָǰһסɣȻʲôţǺôзүţ̤ʵһЩ
áҲȫģĴ©磬ʲôü
˵䣬ͣ
ˡ
˳ְѶ˳
ȥιʳ˵㿴ʲôܳԵġ
á˵꣬Ŷͽ
Ҳ˸ǡ
ˡ˵ëͷһȻҵĵ
ιͼѾ˻üשΧŴ͡ŻСڽ͡
ڸʲôʵ
ࡣû̧ͷ̫ˣҿе㲻ðʦȻ׼һдףдͣࡣ
ô֪ģ
ߣֿŻ¿ôһˡ
ֱ˵һ˯ɣҹ
𣬻Ƿֿòãһ˶һҹܲ˵ġ͵ǽˡ˵ţ˹ô٣䲻䣿
ءɿһ۴ͣͰӴóһͺˡ
ӳǸһġ࿴ɣһ֮
ղҪǡ˵ȥҼھׯӡ
룬˵ԡȻ˽ͨ
ϣǲڳǽ֡˵̾˿Խǿ쵽ˣԽΣա
Ը顣̾˿ҨҨˣԺˡ
ʲôԵģ˵óһȰɡ
ɷ˷˵ֻʣˡ
ǿԡ糿ԣ͵ˡ˵Űѵӹˮ˼֦Сĵؼܵϡ
֪ʱͶһˡЦ˵ԶԲ
û¡෭ŵЦſ˿ڣصǣԺóԵġ¥һȥΣÿεһӣʲô͵ʲôһھС
˵⻰Լһڿˮ
ᡣɵһۣԽʱԽҪʲô¥ɶòˡ
èıӣȥȥҼҳԷóӸһʡ
룬˵ҳĲˡ
УӦʹ죬ȥҾ͸ҴкҳӽաÿŻĸԵġ
Ϊʲôǰҳ͵ҼңʵԼڼҳԲǸ㡣
ҲС˵ŴյɸǰÿնȥҲ䷹
ɰһۣ˵ý
⻰ĵؿ
֮ǰһһеö𰡣ھһĲýأ
̲סЦ
ˣϽȰɡ˯ȥ
ιҡ಻ӣֻǿɡ
㡣
໹ǲӡ
ɼû취ӴҨһ׳ŵߴ˴ιࡣ
ˣ¿Լ˰ɣ
֪ԼܵôߣӹЦˡ
Һȹúȵİࡣ
˵˵ֵģףˮˮ˶ѣúˡůůθˡ
ȻúˡЦÿģģôúȡ
ɷ˸ۣĵԸɾӲ֡
˴˯ɡ˵һҪˡ
㲻Լһҹ۾ȴԾضɣһúҡ
֪֪ˡ˵ŰԼĴ̵ϣջҪϳ멻ôţڳչůһЩ
ǲС˵žҪѴأ
ûϵл𰡣˵˻ůͶأ㣬ɱˣǲˣ˭ҳ
Ҳʱǫõʱ򣬵ͷҲȥðŪ˸ͷţְĴ멸Ǻá
˯ɡ
û˵꣬Ѿ˯ˣɼ۵úˡϾվܣһҹû˯ջô·
ɿְѴ멸øһ㣬Ķͷǰ
һһֻë׵Դ̽ͷɿȥһֻƹ
Сһİ̲סʵ
Ļֻſͷ
ҸԺóԵġɿԼﻹʣĿɣĵͲˣι⹷ˡ
ƹûԹȣᣬСߵɶ档
¡̯ģԡ
ƹƣ۾תתߵǰɣܵſڳԸɾ
Ҳ˵ﻹУ㡣
ƹԹɣ־ůͣ߹ߡ
ϲèҲ࣬һ¡ȴ˩ϵӣ滹ϵһϧʱ̫ˣѾˡ
ǰҲ˵İɣɿǹ˵ǲӻȥ˾ͲҪˡ
˳ǹĲȥȻסˡ⹷Ӳϵĵط˸ӡӣȻѾƾɣǾɵúܣһҰ帾ܴóġ                        
лҪ˵һ
Ȼ⹷ֵñȽɣɲô(ţ 3)
Ժһ

 71 

ɿŴ, ְɴӰó
Ҳԡ˵ơ
󹷼гԵ, ִյ, ˣھͰˡ
ëŻӡϡʱ佱ÿš
ʱô˵ģϸػš, ˵Ӹӣ˹ﶼû
⹷֮ǰǹģôʲô˼أץץƹţӸ˵ñӶ
⹷ݵѾܾûιˡ
ץë, ŻѷˣѶƤ¶ɡ
ˣû, ؼҡ˵Ҳ̫ɰˡ
Ӳ, ֪ϲ, βͻεû죬ɸӾϲ
ǰ˿϶رϲɡ˵, ͦõġ
Źӵ°, Ȼ۵һӲϵΪ̫ãڵ
ɼһ, 治ǫɣһŰɫС
⹷ģôôŹ֡
˵꿴⡣ںģֻз
һߣЩί
ˣҲ˵ոһɣ϶⡣
ʱɰѣŪ֮˼ࡣǻƹҲ˹ȥ
Ԫˡ
ԺۣӳһֻͷһһӾ
¹ʵ
۾
µǲ£Ǹ˯ѾͿһΪһֻأ
⹷Ρ˵ŰǸݸ࣬ϵģ㿴Ǹ衣
ӹϸƣ˵ʲôŹֵĵط𣿡
С˵Űǿƹë㿴ӡ
ҲסˣӣǶû˻
ʲô⹷Ҳһ߰ɡ˵վη춼ˡ
ôûңʵ
ˡ˵ɣ˵ˡ
࿴һۣεҡҡͷ
ʰʰˡ
ɰѰʰã˵ûˣȫιˡ
ָָƹƹһ޹ؿż࣬˻β͡
һߡ˵
Ϊ⹷ǰǼģҰ˲ٿͷһк͸
ɰ˵̫ˣͷúúøϴ衣
ˡ˵ˡ
һͶûΣЦ
ԽԽҲԽԽ˭Ҳû˵ʱʱƿ棬˸ǡ
ʱԶһƿӣãԶ
Ԫһ㡣˵п
ĻӶɿ
һ§Żƹһƿһֱ濴յԽԽ
ʲô룬ʲôˣ
ԽԽ죬ںüֱҪȻԵһһ֧Ӻֻ˽ƫ֣ͻ󱳡
ʱһ֧ɼ˹ֱӴɵҼ
ֱɰһҧְѼŹƣûПn
Ԫһ㣬ǰ˳ˣɺ
Ϊ˲û˵Լе顣
ûֻǼӿ˽Ųɶ㵽ǰ棬ֲƿӣֻһֱĴӡ˿ڣȴں󱳣رѾ
ಡһɿһ֧ϷɹоĶҪˡ˳ǴҪŪԼ
ٿһ㡣ҪȻǶ
ץˡǰ洫һ±ӣʹ˻һǰ񱼡
ץų۾ȴŴӣ紵ܿԼзɼӰӡ
ڣ࿴˼ұԺſھȻվǻʼҵˡһһʹ˽ȥ
ײԺǽͣڳ͵ػһ£ĵ˶ͷڰȫˣһ
ˡ
Ȼæ˳ڵϣߵȫѪ
Ԫ˵㱻ɼˣ
￴˵㻹һ
ûС˵
żվɷϣԥһ£ָָұۡ
ɫĶ̰ѾȫѪȾˣ˳һֱ
̲סЦ˵û¶
˽Ժ̫ҽ״ҲһһֱΪʵСû뵽õˡ
һ£˵Ůҽ𣿡
Ҿǡһһװ긾˵
᷿֪ɽæǰ
ôˣ֪ſǻ
ȰҰˡ˵꿴Ůҽû
ҽŮͷϸذ˿ڲɾҩ֮ϸذá
ǲҽŮ˵մˮһиܺϿڡ
ɻ·Ҫȥ᷿֪ĸ飬ҲûţֻǷԸ֪ŵ
ߵ۵߳ͣס˽ŲŶԷȻЦ
˿ڲ
ҵ˿ǲˡ
ͬ˵
յ͸սЦ۾ģԥһ£첽˹ȥסɣͷ
ɻû˵һȵĴѹסڵĻһֻСӺڰ̽ͷ·Ѱһĳڡ
ָֻᣬ⻰ûְԵؽס໥׷𣬲ãЭˣһ޹˼ɣһĸԸ
ãſͷ۾˵Ӧң˽֮ͼңòã
ɵͷ
ޣһޡ
ʱ̫ҽӺ洫˹
㲻˿һ׼ˡ
̫ҽ⻰˵꣬žúĵۡ
ҵ˿Ҳˡ
ֶЦһŻȥ°˿ڡ
裬֪ôڼׯӣʵ
գɸ˴֮󣬹ٴߵ·ͱһСϮҿзһºˮȥ˺氵иŵСۡ
ô֪ǲڴϣʵ
Ͳˡ˵ڶհ죬ûɿڣʵţҪ©˷
ҵǲǻΪҳˣʵ
Ӧòᡣ˵Ŵ˽ʥϿ϶ү˱ضȥҼ˽
һ
ͺá
̧ͷż࣬˵ڸô죿
ȡ˵һǸǹϴ裬ˡ
ɺȻ뵽Ǹæ֪ӻó
ơ˵
ӹ۰һСС衣
ȥˡԸ
ǡ
۽ӹȥ֮ûһͻˣһССֽдһʫ
ǧ;һ룬ˮˮ1
˶һۣʲô˼                        
лҪ˵1ȫժ԰ٶ

 72 

뼾ֽ, ˱īдְֽСطŵһá
ǹأʵ
Ұ˸ϴ, ˳Ǹժ
˵꿴, һ
£
ؼˡǸ˵꿴ɣһŮװˣղŷλ˶ˡ
ôģʵ
ҧ˺Ķҩ
ʬأʵ
Ժ
˵Ĩһ亹ǻʵ۵, ɵҲ֪һղŽŵǸ὿ŮôѾͻ˸ɫһƵġ
ɿ򼾷࣬˵ߣȥԺ￴
һ, ԥԥؿ˿ڡ
䣬ԺĶˡ
֪ɺؿİ, £˿ɱȻ˶ࡣ
첲ϵȻѪĶ, Ƕǲ, ޴ϴ멣ǣ־˳ȥȻ, ɵһˡ
յر, ɳ£ϵ·Ӵ⹷̫ܲԸϴ衣
, ϸЩϷţͼҳһЩ˿ֻϧǶʿһﶼûУҲͨġ
жûСô̥ʲôҲа
վ̧ߡ
ȻڵϵǸغһһ
̫ҽƣһû͸ġ
̫ҽҩ˵ǻţ̧ȥоȡ
һʹɫŅ᷿̀
㡣˵û͸أ̫󾢶ٸŪˡ
ǡ˵꣬Ѻ̧˽ȥȻỺ˲١
ְһ飬ʿûжŻص
˵ʫʲô˼ʵʫԡ
ӹдֽϸƣ˵˵ʫԵĻν֣һյʮڶǺ
ʮһ£𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ûСӼˮʮ
Ŷ˵ëʣ˵д
Ŀִʣɷ֣Ǻÿý
Ϫͤӡʫͤءˮ1
ɸ˶Щ֣ͷԡ
ˮְϣǲǾѰҵ˼
ͷȡëһֽд˸Ѱ֡
ٿ˵
⼸ַ㶣˵ʦ˵ҪȥӺأǲǾӺ
ед
ͤӣǲǾǻʵ
ڼϳ˵̧ͷżࡣ
ͬ˵
ʫͤǲǾǻ£ָֽ˵ӺѰѰʲôأϪ
֪ӳϷʲôʵ
հ˵˵£ӺѰ㣡
ɵ֣⾿ϸµթڻ֪ء
⵹ǡȻȥ⹷ֵҲ̫ˡ
ǵδء˼˵ذΣգʵʱȫġϸ˶Ҳ˵ùȥӽ굽أų̲Զ˭뵽һתһȦֶأ
룬Ҳе
ΪʲôأЩ⡣
͸ˡ˵ʮǰˮ֣󲿷ֱֵطݾбй¶ΣգӺֲģù˸֤ݣһ˷أ
οүӡ˵ôѰҵˡ
üδҪȥ˵ʥϻѰ
ɵͷ˵ס
ֲ÷ɷǹһμ˵ء˵ȥý㡣
ǳҲǺ񰡣Լ
ҵ֪ɵͷŪТ̫ӳȻʺ󣬶ʥϳȥʵر񣬵ʺТ̫ȻýãǳöǵֳʺԣȻҲͲˡ
գգ۾Űϵ˳ˡ
е
ã̲סЦˣһǼ˿٣˰ס
ȿȣ
̫ҽſڿ֮˽
λˣǸʿȻˡ
⻰۾ɵϴ
̫ҽҽ˶ҩ˶ܾȻָ֡
̫ҽ˵˲ϵ˶һЩжûС
һסˡ
û̶ҩ
⡭̫ҽСشӻͳһССĺӣ֮Ǹɫҩ裬һʿŵסһҧͿԡλʿڴаĴˣԣûҧơ
ⶼԣɾԼҲ߯ˣΣ
Ѫֹסˣҩվѹ̫ҽ˵һ֣ΪҪڡ
ˡ
ɵͷ̫ҽԥ˰졣
̫ҽǶֱë۾Ǳһ£ɵСֱضɣûˡε̾˿ȿڡ
仹飿
ӣ˵ҽմǸûˡ
£̫ҽʵԵġ
ǣ˵
ΣϵֻƲˣϷԸƵأ
ŶǾͷˡ
̫ҽԺ󣬼̲סЦɱЦͷԣʵôˣ
Ҹ˵߱˰⻹Ǽ˵أЦ˵ǰϣʥ̰죬һЩк̫ҽ˷ҩûž˵ʥĴҲˣ֢״ҲһҲ˷Ƶҩƹ˽ȥ
ҲЦ÷鰸ˣҲ̫˼ˡ
ңǴҲԣǼסҩζÿμ̫ҽͿͣһ˹˵ĻŰʵ׷˼Ȧ
ᶼЦˣ̫ҽҲ̫˼ˡ
ԣ̫ҽȤÿȥʥƽҪûƣǲǾͿҩ
̫ҽǳ𡣡ɱЦ˵
ʱ߽˵˵ˡ
ɸһۣæһľ롣
/ˡ˼߹æ
ס˵ԼЦˣⷬҲʵסʵѾ֪ˣׯסЩʱգƴλ·ٷˣ
ǡӦ
Լżſѯʣ־òʣͰѻȥ
䲻صģүѾ֪ʵ顣˰ǣݾ÷Էר
лˡ˸񣬺Ȼúһʹֳ˿ˡ
οջ񣿡
С˵ѽеݸְԼƶ˵
ĩˣ˵ǴϵҲһ㡣
ͷ뵽ʵ۵˼ԼȢϱҪһңҹﴩŮװҲǸˡһԼɵӣɸֵҡҡͷû˼ҹһ߱ţŲôϽأ
лҪ˵1ȷʵʮмϹ

 73 

һŮװ, ȴȡʥЧ³³ʵǰԴ¿ֹڴ, ʱ, Լпܵġ
Լӣ˿࣬ΪСޣ˶, һԵƢҲͦõģպְߣСӹƲܻء
סԼҸ̲סһ
˵, ʥϰ˺ܶΧȫõġ
ˡʱһ߿˿ڣͷЩ·, ôţ㡣
˵, ˻Լ䡣
áҾǲ˵꿴򼾷, ߵƷ, š
ͷ, ʾԼ֪ˡ
ʱһﻹһӡ
, Ըӹȡġ
ɽӹƣֵݸ
ˣͷһȥʥϡҾ½ˡ
ѾԭɫԾƳʽɼӵ˼վɡ
ˡ
ɸѼ͵ſڣɲע⣬յԣ
˼ҹﶯֶţ
һӾͺˡ
˵Ҹ﷢ֹ񣬹صúܡ
żϾһ¡
һ֪㣡
ں濴ţЦˡ
յԺšתǳȻɵ֡
䣬ȥɡ
ɵͷ˲߽
Ѳͦÿ𣿡˵ΪʲôҪأ
㡣˵·װԼ
ǾͲӣôô
Ц۾ˣĺܹ
˸£ƹͳ˽ֱɡ
ԭôƯͷͦ㡣
ƹ˲͹ɵűߡ
ˡŽ˵⹷
ͷ
ǣ
ɴһݣż࣬˵סݡȥ᷿
Уæס᷿ͺá᷿ʪ䡣
ԺӱͲ󣬲Ƿ㼾үżȥׯѲʱŽģѡ
Ժӵˡסݣʡ
⻰յߣ˵ȻǣǺܿҲˣԲԣԣͦʵġ
ɱ˵ˣһۡ
ڿԺúϢϢˡ̱ϣûΡ
С˵Ǹúúһ󡣡
˵࣬ԼҲֱӡ
˵ΪʲôʥϰҰǻس
룬˵տزסġ
⵹ǡͷƹԴ
Сһ㻹ͦá
ǡһüëιĿأ
ɻãһɼ;Լˡ
÷˰ɣ˵
áЦ۾ģˣôŵµֻе
ȥԸŵȻſ£ǶЩǳ˺ۣõÿ졣ɣļ̫ˡ
˶Ǹƽʱһ֪źţīˮʱǺˣͻŴīۡīȻͷ۾ȴһֱ̲סϿȥ
Ѿͷʲôأʵ
īһӾͺˡ
֮ǰӾ;Ӣֻû뵽ǸңôƯ
𣡡ָһ¡
һû˵ԼӼֱǰ׳ģôЩӣȻûǸ
׼÷ʢɼ򵥵һͷ˿ӡ
θڣʵ
Բ¡˵̫
ǲĶӲ֣ĶͷҲȰ
û¶ɽ͵ֻǲѡ
ú׼Щģһˣͳһ㡣е˵
ɵͷ˲־
һ߹˵Ǹʿˣæʳ˵ߣȥơ
ɿԼѣ˵ʹȥ
ôˣ´һܺÿ
̲סȥˣֲȥ
ǴŮװҲ˵ġ˵
Ҳԡ
˵͸һȥ˺ߵ᷿
Ǹʿڴϣɫܲ԰ףɸһ㶣˭ˡ
ʲʲôġ˵
𣿡Ц˵Ҳʲô̫Ϊѣ䶼ɣ
ʿڶѣֻǵһۣû
ﶼ˭ʵ˵޸ĸֻиأ
ǸʿԾû
ǰסˡ߹ȥǸʿ
Ҹ˵סĶ˭˵ҹ˵ˣ𣿵ܶˣؼҿģһƬϱԫ
˵
һЦ˵ôҺ˵أٸ㰡̫ҽ˵˵Ǹطܲεúö˵ʱپ˺󣬿ɱû㣡
ʿȷʵһһۡʵѾֿˡôʲô˵
Ҽסܼׯʿڿ˿ڡ
С˵֣˽
ȥܼׯ˵֮תͷʿʲô
ڲܼׯвܶʿ˵
ɵͷ˵ȥܶǶȻһţ˶Ҳ죬;Ȼǵñ¶м˸
ǣ˵ˡ
˵Ϊ˵ʹթҲߣţʱǼܾܰ˶
ʿһۣȴû˵
Է𣿡ʵ̫ҽ˵ܺȵ࣬˵㣬Ҫɱңһź㡣
㻹Ҹ֤ˣʿ˵
ЦˣָԼ˵
˵ɵɵҲ֤ΪʲôҪֲǹն
˵ɡһ˵ͷٰ
ɷ˸ۡ
Ҫɱңһ̫ҽβιԶٲҼ˵꿴ʿʲô˵̫ҽóԵҿ϶׼ϡ
ʿȻõһʹ졣
Ͳ˵㡣ɼ˵Ժйͷֻ߿ˡ
һ̲סӣ֪˵ô˼
չʱɾͿ˿棬ߴ
󣬻Ȼ˯ˣš
ܶһۣ˵Ҽ˵ˣˣúðǼ˵ġ
һӾЦˡ
ǰ˳ĻܰǸƭˡôĺһˣչ˺ˣյҿһڻȪ·žġȥүǶһӡ
һ̲סЦǸܶƵ߷߶
ʱԺﴫܶȻȴŲ濴
˵ܰٺ𣿡Ҳվ㻹ʲô
ŲԽԽڣƿ˴ţ󻹸һϷ򸾸һḾˣǸǣһСк˶ͷġ
ô£ʵ
شˣǵʱڲܶţûþ˼˺ˣ˶˯֮ﴵҩ֮Ժĵݶ⡣
ɿܶһüë˵˰ɣ
˳ֱܶ޺޵Ĵ塣
ŵ㣡˵˻ø㻻طˣһҲˡչɡ
˵꣬תҪ뿪
˲лҪ𣿡ܶӺ洫
̫ҽ˵Ȼأˡʱ֪ˣʲô飬˵ûͷ߱˵óǵĹ˾ţóԵѹѹ

 74 

ɸ᷿, һڱĿ˵Ҷˡ
ȥóŪԵ˵, Ҫ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ҹ, Ū嵭ľͺá
ͷһ۴īīͷͱСȥˡɿıӰһֱЦ
Цʲô˳ĿҲ˹ȥѾͷֱ, ż᷸ɵ
Сͦɰġ˵
ߵԺſڣ̧ͷϿȥǵ㣬յԺҲΪ
Ϳ˰ɡſʵ, ʿиڣҲ䡣
ǰ䣬˵ԼĴ멸, ˽֮Ϳ԰ȵĴˡ
Ըɡ˵ָ, 㿴, ǡǿ
˳ȥ˵Ǻ, ۾֡
ԺȻͺ, ûߣͱڻ
֪𣬰յʱҿҪˡ˵, ǰŷɼŵĶð¡
Ҳǡ
ɿޱ鷢ôļϡͷͷ֮ա
ӣīƿһʳѾˡ
ָָ֮Ŵͣ˵һ䡰档
˸æֿɳѣ˵ȥɣһһ㡣
ð˵Ӧˣһء
ǰɿһۣ˵˿һЩͺãСټһ㡣
֪ӦһҪ֣ͱոϴֵļסˡ

ż࣬ȻͷЦˡ
һ߱˵䣬ǼԼҹڣְѻȥ
˱˯˵ûʲô飬һҲû¡
ɵͷһһذȥ飬Զһ׮һ׮˭֪ջʲôأ
ùһȥ᷿ϴ֮ڴϣŵҲų׼ôǸʿУ͵ֲסߴ˯˹ȥʱ
˸Сĳ󱳵˿ڣ۵ᶼҪˡ

֪˽ƿӡ
ϴ֮ȰҩˡɷԸѴ鷳
ǡ֪ӦˡʵҹﴩŮװͦÿġ
ҩī⴫
죬ˡīԥһ£ҼҹҪҪ緹
վǶ֪ϵȹӣ⻰˵ԡüӶһ
֪ϵĶһ¡
ôˣʵ
֪ЦЦ˵ЩӸӵĸԽԽˡ
ƫͷԼϵӣ⻰֪ŵһ¡
ϣ֪Ŷͷ쿴ɣɵøĸˣôСүƵġ
𣿡ЦʵУʲôҸӵĸԽԽˣ
ӵĴīһò緹ãֱ˵üӵһ֪˵鲻ãⷹһã
ֵͷһ¡
ССͣĻͦࡣ
֪ɰѶ̰ĴϵãҲͣס
Ȼ˵ӵǰ϶£ǣǸǵֵ㲻ǣ
̲סЦˣ˵ô֣
⡭֪ԥһ£Ҳ֪Ǿöŵ㣬һĶڼϡ
Ц֪ıӣ˵ģҹûôɵ
֪û˵
ˡ
ճ׼ĶɰԵĶЦſ࣬˵Ըģ
ǵȻӦˣôݣöһ㡣
˸ù˵ʦ̫ˣһ£˵Т̫
࿴һۣ̲סӡ

֪˵վȥæҳȥˡ
Ҳ֪ĸŮѵõദͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ɸߵſڣȻʲôܹȥס
ôˣʵ
㣬Т̫˵̫ˡ˵
Цˣ˵֪
лմǳ޶˾һƣ߽̲סվ
㣬𣿡лʵ
ˣ޴˵ֻҩյĹҲͺˡ
лһ
ͺá
ɲ֪˵ʲôЦЦܰȻЩΣץץͷӡ
лȻЦ
С㸸һ˵
𣿡촽Сʱϲ
ˣ˵¡л˵ŵѾ֪ˣʺվǲȥ¡ҽչ˿֮⣬Ĵ㡣
ڽʱʦҲ˵˵Ƿү
Ŷлһüë˼˵ġ
û˵ҿһۡ
ġҵˡл˵
ʦЧ³³¿
л룬˵ԡֻԸ𣿡
Цŵͷ
Ȼӹö˼Ȼ⡣
лЦú̲סͷǺһиǰλ£ˡ
Ǽأлʵҿ˵ˣڻʵ۸ǰ顣
ɰһ죬ѹõ͵͵ġ
ңҾͦõġ
ͺáл˵ԼߣջʵӦûǵãܵõĶ㸸׵񡣻仰˵ǸкŻʵλĶеġ
⻰ɴ۾л
룬һܳĻΪȢ̫ãǲơ㸸ˣ㡣л˵ԼҲЦˣ˭ʮӶʮ
ɼɫЩį̲סס֡
أסôãҲͨЩ𷨡л˵ڶЩ꣬㸸׾һⱲҲֵˡ
ɲ֪οοֻ֡
˵ˡлЦ˵ѽĿˡţ˻ʹҪʲô;˵ʵۿġҪԽ࣬Խġ
ס˵ʦҲô˵ġ
УǵĸлֶûǣͲˣһʵҪͰɡպǾþ£պܲǶ˭񡣡
̧ͷ㶵ؿл
㿴ʲôлЦ㲻֪жڡֱʲôʲô
ǡ̲ס
պףСޣһȥĿСסл˵һǾͦõġ
ҡһ£һȥġ
áлЦ˵ഩŮװӶÿֽΡ
·˵̫㡣
ϰ߾ͺáлЦŵĶͷ
һ졣
á
лһЩСʱ飬Ѿ磬Ҫߡ
÷𣿡ʵ
հɡл˵ӻأš
û˵һ𡣡ѿڶ
л˵δŮҿɵÿ쿼ء˵ˣúܡ
ԣš
лţɺȻں溰
ǣĸףͷȥ¿
ðлЦ۾ˡ
ſڣӰԺȥ

 75 

ſ, Т̫ԶȥŻ, һ, һղ˵Ļ
ɺȻͣס˽Ų仰˼ӦԼʵ۸Ʒ, ҲǿٸߵĻԼһҪԾܾ
ʼ˵۰žݡ
ںȲ裬˷²豭, ˵ˡ
뵽Т̫˵Сү⻰·ѾһƵ, һʱա
ȴûעı飬վ˵ղ, Ǹܶ
һü, ̡ҪǵӰ˵, ȷһŰɡ
ڿ˵ʵ, ߣȥ
˵֮ͷ˿ԼѣȻ̾˿
ôˣվߵǰ, ǳȻסʵ
д·ȥ˵ġȹڣΪΡ
մ˴һɫĶ̰˲ɫıȼףһɫٵȹֿɰ
ġһȣʲôܺһ
ɰһۡ
⻰ôô˳أǿػǱأ
һ飬һ¡
Ȼǿ㡣ãġ
˵䣬˾͵᷿һۿ۷һ䣬ȻǸǹ
λˡһ˵롣
˽ȥǸܶҵι̲סЦˡ
õӣǳʲô飬ö۰
ܶתæ˸
лλүȡ
ҲмּʶȻŮװȷǷһүֻжûдĵ
ÿ˵ɤ̫ҽƹ𣿡
ǰձǺ˼ڣ˵Щɳơ
ƹˡܶ˵̫ҽ˼ҩ˵ȼվͺá
˵⻰תͷܶһӣ̲סһ¡ɸ඼üͷһֺݣžۡ
ϣǲܶʹг
ʵүˡܶ˵һ֪ˣûӹ
ܶ˵꣬תͷɸ˷˵ˡ
ûиղǸ׺ӡ಻ӣѲŮ˶ף̲סɣõߵܶǰ˸
˵ɣ
ܶȻƯ·ɲһ㣬̲ס
ˣ̲סЦʲôµģֲ㡣
Աߣ飬⻰̫ţԼǲܶƺ޲ǽȥ
ܶɣ֪Լˣ˳Ҳǲùңǰλȫ룬ҲͰг
գݵ¶šϰڹ̨ǰȻһӾ;ˡ
ˣСǶƭˣ
ʲôߵ˷ǳȡ
ϰվ߱˵СǶĶӵˣ·˵Ҳúܡʱ򣬶ӶŴˣǹٺã̬Ҳô׼
ǸﰡǸ˸ȥ˵
ȱ˵ϰ˵ү˵ˣɴɱҲܷŹ
ƲƲû˵ƭһʱѾܲˡ
˳˶ʿУﵽжˣʵ
ܶ룬˵ү֧飬ࡢסڡˣһʱǷӻֲӣֻͶүأү˽ںڣЩɽˡʿ࣬СںڣϾǰү̽ϢڿջϰǺڡ
ӣһ߿˿ڡ
书ͦõģǰ
ܶͷ˵СǰھڵģһʧֱڣƫˣѲǷӵĽǮ
⻰˵꣬ɸ඼ˡ˳ðţ׼ˣֵ֮µɽȥڣɹ֮÷ӵȥ⣬˻ˣٹȥˡ
ʵ˵ΪүҼɢˡܶȻп
̲סЦˣ߲ܶŵĴ
˵ɵ㻹治룬ԹڣǸɽ˴кģôôһ˱أ˵ٺú룬㼴ˣҪûУоǷӵˣôˡ
ܶ㶣֮ɴ۾ɡ
˼ⶼүźõģ
Ȼ˵˰ʹôأ
ֱ̲ܶסһ´̣һǸˣһǮû뵽ҾǱƵ־صġ
֪˳ƽնʵ
ɽ
ɸֶһۣѲɣ֮ǰǸɮЩ
֪Щʲô˵Щ
ܶʱȴҡҡͷ˵˳үܣ֪ЩԽǹµĴ˾ƺ󻰶˵ġ
ҲײܶƽսӴ̫ల˳飬ɵ䣬˵Щӻʵۻټ㡣ģҲǱƭģҸ䶨ڻʵ۸ǰ˵ûġ
лλˡܶ˵ֿɣǴ䣿
ô񣿡վʵ
ҵĹԹԣԭŮװܶ̾ǻ˵ġ
̲סЦ
ɡ
˵⻰תķͳ˴ţ̰ȹֹٷӡ
˻صԺĬ˺ܾá
ﻹ治㡣˵ڶֻǵõʱǸɮͻԽ
ʵǾҲûʲôÿġ˵ɮԽҪģ΢͸æ˹ȥڶѾʮ˲ˡ󣬴ҶΪǰε̷Źȥģ˭Ҳû롣
ⰲ˳ƻ̾
Ҳ̾һ˵ǰڽʱʦżҲҽ˵ʥãҽˣǰ˳ֶΣô꾹ûкʥϵĵλǲʲô
Ҳô˵˵ʥǸûʵۡ
һü˵ˣʹ治һ㣬˵˵¡
⻰˵Ǵ治˵Ҳ㡣Ц˵
Ϊʲô
գŴ۾Щã
밡֣ʥ壬Ҳ塣˵˵ԼЦˣ˵ЩݵлôǴ治أ
ƶ죡һȭȴСĳԼļ۵ᶼ
ôˣ˿ˣеʵҪҪȥŮҽ
ҡҡͷ˵û£Ҳ쵽ˣ绻ҩʱ˵
ҲС˵ָָǸˡƢã¼ֲأϲĻʵˡ
룬ȷʵˡ
ң㷶ұܾӽ꣬ô꣬ʥ϶ҪʹЩ˵ҵʥϹϵãһպȾʱʹǲΪ£ϳʥô˵
ҡҡͷ
ʥ˵̫ү̹Լʦڸʦˡңڹʦ̫ӻǻӣֻҪǷ˴ְӲ
صͷʱżīܷء
԰ʥЩ꣬ҲΪˡܽ˳ıΣ˼
⻰˵
巹ڣţЩҪ̴ľ鰸Ʒˡ
ȥԸ
лҪ˵˲˵ϣȥղҵԤ£ӡ齫ԧʡϲĸĸòãôô

 76 

ԴӴͻּһ, ʹΪС, ŮС쵰
, Ŵ뼾ȥӺü˳۵˵
⻰ȵ̧ͷ
뼾䣿ǲǣ
úúõأ˵©˷ȥӺѰһˣѰ, ٻǻ
ǣϸæӦ
ˡӻ֣ȥǧɣɷɵأ
ǣ
Цÿģ˳ȥıӰԽԽ
ǲȥұԺ, 뼾һˡַԸ
뼾ù緹ʵ룬ɿ˿Լ, üͷ
ûʲôá˵ͦÿġ
֪˵ȹ, Ǿò㡣ϴν, Ǵòŵ
ɰ, ̲סֵһ¡
ȥʰһ°ɡ˵
Ȼɲʩ֬, ǼԾɸ׼һЩ֪ͷʱ, ʡ
㲻Щġſڣܽ𣿡
ɡ˵ҶѾʰˡ
֪ͭ˿Щ̫⡣
ɫЩ԰ףҪ˵֬
ոպá࿴˿˵
վͣסˡż࣬˵ǲǴװһЩ
ҡҡͷ
װ̫ȡˡ˵ʵһ۾ܿ˼
ͷ룬˵Ҳԡ
ˡɵֱ֣巹ȥ
ͣ³̧֮ͷ˿Щ̫⣬ôʵۻڹǡûжʣ˽ȥ
ףվŻ˿˴һ𣬹ؾص˴
Ů͵òТ̫ںһЩ֮ǰһ棬ֻ뵽Т̫ӡɴŮװȴλТ̫ӵĺӡ
˵ôˣ
ػʵۣöˡ˵Ůҽ˵ٹ죬ܺϿˡ
ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
أǴȥӺ˵˼ȥȥʡһϴһھػǡ
΢ǿԡ˵ֻǼ䣬Щѡ
ΪʲôЩףתͷ򼾷ࡣ
⡭ץץͷ΢һ·ЩͷΣλãûˡ
͵ݳҲ֪ʱ䡣ּ˵ʵڣǸϲˡ
ȥӺѰǰϻ˳ҲûQˡʱͿˡ˵۾ȴż࣬СӣҲԵóԸˡ
⻰ͬʱһ졣
ˣϲСӺߣһʱϷ֮Ķ
ʱǵλá˵ָָֿ˵ʵڣҼǸʵۣ˭Ҳۣʥϳȫ
ѼѧΩΩФ
أ˼ҵĹģС
⻰ؿɡ
˽֮޷ŷɷɵĲԶΣ˵жȫ
ĵȻТ̫²վض˸
ȻδˣѾ϶ʥˡҲʮ֮жߣĶҰˡΪһЩʣݿƾ٣˸״Ԫ˵ʶ㣬ҲԶʤŮ
˵֮Цһ¡
䣬Ȥ˵Ϊ͢˶ףٶԵٺ»
أȤؿɡ
ԣԣԸЧ³³¿ڴְ
Ц˵ԣˡ
л塣
˵ֿ֮һۼ࣬ŵñֱ̲סЦˡ
ҰѵüҹӲƽϡԣԸ⡣
⻰Щôվ
ȻЧ³³¿ţҲһЧ˰ɡʱϹŰĳҲе˵
Т̫Ӹһ˵⡣Ҳˡ
л塣Ц˵
ʱҲվ˸
΢Ҳлл塣
Ҳеģ˵ԼŲסҲЦˡ
壬ѵ΢壿˵ú顣
ƶ죡ָһ£ȥúҪĶͷиӣԸȥǰһüҸҷȥǡ
л塣
˻˳ǽɾͿż࣬Щġ
һ·ȥӺܵס𣿡
ıӣ˵ʲôܲסģʵڲлܵأ᲻һ˹ȥ
ðɡЦЦһͷ׼۽зӵġ
á౧סôͿʼˡ
ɰһۡ
ǰ㣿
ġô᲻أͷһ˽ᣬܰȢؼˣá
ң˦˼۵ȥҲͲˡˣǹ˰ɡ
ڶգлڰʵ˵ԥһ£ǿ˿ڡ
ʺʥ˸
лһüŰǡ
巹󹬣Ŀͦ㡣
⻰Ȼúһǹʲô·Ȼûʺ˻
Ҳġ˵ǹƯ檽վãЩġ
⹬֪飬ǽᴫ֪ģ˶ưӡл˵û£Ҵ
ǡǵü˳۵Ӧˡ
Ҳǹˡл˵⹬棬ȥʮ飬Ҳģͱˡ
⻰һȥ
⹬һһٵաⶼѾʮһĩˣ꣬¶ȥˡ綼μӲˣ
Ը⣿лʵ
檲ҡǸæ
л̿һۣ˵ⳭУôӼǡסˣպͲ᷸ˡ
ǡǵöˡ
״Լûж졣
һߵĹѾĻȥⰲǵûʺ鲻ãԼǱײȥӡǵȻʵ۹Լ˵ˡ
ϣȥŰյ飬Ҳ죬תͷȥ˭żʱ䣬ȥ˹
ڹûãŭ˳ֱȥл̵İʵ
лŵӣպļױȻһж׼ģҪһݲС
ôˣ
л̺Ȼһһ̧ͷͿŭ߽
˭ˣ
лһݸüİ˰
ɲüͷѿġ
ǹ˵֪νǹˣȻ˲ء
лͰյ·չտ˵Ҫ飿
У˵Ȼ飬ǾʹյһˡȫȥԺģ
л̵ͷĵֳ˴󹦣ͷʢʱ򡣻ʵ۾Ȼ˶ɼĻǴˡ
Ȼȥ˹ԺǲͰѡվҲʮˣġл˵ԺǷҵؽ磬ЩӾذɣóײ
ͷ˵̶Լǡ
˵갵˹ȥּðǸվͰȥ
ǡӦ
ʺǺֶΡ߱룬λûڻʺǰſ񣬷ַӾͱʺʲôڣʲôûǶλ֪ģʹ˻ʵ۵ۡ
⣬պҪԼСͽܣڻʺǰҪӱϹϾǡ                        
лҪ˵ЩȽϷ

 77 

סӼε, ǳ˰ʵ֮⣬ʵ۵ĸ¶ĵط, ں󹬵ĵλ
շȻ, ˹һʱߣѾʮˡǺƢһˣ㵱˻ʵۣԺҲϸԼŮѻ۹, ôûʵ۷ôأ
գȻѾʮ꣬ŮۣüһģҲǱζʵô˲ͷ, ѲɣΪ˵Ǹ
ʱŮ˵¶, ΪղŲǻʵǨŭڻ, ˲Լæ, Ц˵ɡ
С֮̽˵ʥּ, Դ״, ȥԺд沢վʮּóԺ벽
һģЩ赹ڵءô, ˽Ƣֻǹ
ּ
ַ֮ԸŮСһɰС̽ӹֻЦЦˡ
ģôˣͷ̴Ӹ¶ּҲࡣ˵£ůůӡ
ƽʱСҲ͸߹ԼǴӰʵģǽʱͬգԼʦرҪԻʺӹֻЦЦӹɰˡ
ߵĴŮޱЩżϾҪˣʮӡվ²ܳԺ
ڰ֣˵ҴˡҴŲɷOȥأȥѻ۹Ӧ˳·̽̽Ϣ
ǡޱӦ
УȰŵѻ۹Ǹоͻһȥ֡
ޱҧҧ촽˵Ӿ
Ҳ֪ԼŮ軵ˣԼȰ˵ޱһŮˡ
ˡӻ֣ȰȰȰԸҲá
ǡޱӦ
֪ŮĪĸȥ˹Ժ֮󣬼ѻ۹̲סޱȰŹĻҲȥ˸¶
ʡѻ۹һž͹ĸΪ˸ΪξȥԺˣ
Źļѻ۹ĵؽ͡
ĸΪȻûǼСѾףȥȨƲ˼ԵɾͲˡ
Ҿϲࡣѻ۹˵ϻŮ˵ڽһλӣøСŮ˵֪ļҹӾŮŮ֪ˣǼСӣΪʲôͲͬأ
޵ģæһߡ
ʵȻԸѡһϲĵ˵ǼСѾˣҲȨȥѹżס
ǾŮס˵һ֪Ů˭
˺֡Щ࣬ǽ֦ҶӦ׵ҲûкҲֳµĵ
Ůϲҹӡ˵ʣʹӦһΰɡ
ϲ˼ҼӣӵδҲϲ˵ʲȥɢ˼ҡ
ԥһ£̧ͷ
ʣŮҾǺˣø˼ɵ
Աߵģ⻰һӾվ
СС;˺ŭѻ۹ȥʵûʺ̵
ǡ˵ߵĿɿڴǰ߰ɡ
ῴŻʵۣԼĨĨ۾͸˻
ʺ˵ù˼ɹô÷ġ
л̴ʱڹ̫ع˵عǰЩӸձϲڶЩʱղʵ밲æл̡
šл˵ȼѻ۹ߡǺëëŵģͷײ㡣
ǡعӦˡУжСġ
۾˽֮վһߡ
Ȼȥɡл̶Զع˵ȱʲô;ܴҪ⹬ǶңҲܶȥ
عЦſл̣˵ĸ⻰˵˼⹬˭Ҷȥ
л֣תͷվԼ˫
̫ض
ǡ˫æӦˡ
̫лڳС棬޵óģò
ʺһ˵ϻָ¼ѻ۹
лϲɫȴѰ۷ȥˡ¼ѻ۹ʱ򣬿Ů߽ᣬûԼˣԼܽˣǲеˣ
ʥ˵ˣù˼ɹ˵
лһЦ˵ṇ̀ܽҲô֪Ǹʲôɡ
ūˡô졣
˵ЦԼһ¡
껳Ļл̾ѻ۹Ҳǵֻϧ˻ʵ۵ۡ
֪ˡл˵ȥʵ˵£ỹһ̬˷ؾصĹ
ǡ
˻ѻ۹Ŵ۾л̡ȻڹߣлʺܵʱЩԵģֺ̬ƣԣԻʺ󣬻Щøеġ
¡л˵ҲԹ㣬ֻ漰һЩʼҵ飬ڻ˵𣿡
ѻ۹ͷ
ǣҲдлȻ֪ĴĶ
ѻ۹룬˵ŮŸʡ
˵ˡл˵룡
ѻ۹ͷһ˵Ůøȥɢ˼Ե
лЦˡѻ۹Щ⣬ͷ
лкżѻ۹Լߣģô֪ɫĽٰġɷ֮ǰһ۾㰡ʹڲÿɫ
ѻۻЩס
ĸȥһΣʵ۷ˡȥ󣬽ֱˡӦף¡л˵㻹ҳ⣬㸸ܲ𡣡
ѻ۹룬ͷ
У⺢ˣ˵ʵЩӡʲôмɵ⻰Ǵȥô롣л˵鲻˵ʵ۸Ĺϵ룬Ƕһ
ѻ۹⻰Ϊʲôôæлȥ
ѻ۶лĸ̵
㿴ⲻͦ𣡡л˵֮ǰסۣһ˵ˡ÷ɷЩӸŮѧϰҲһȥֲʡ
лĸ󡣡ѻ۹Ц
ˣȥɡոŷɷһѧˡл˵ߡ
ѻ۵ͷǰλʺ󣬼ĸٲˣҲҪһܸɡ
˼ѻۣл룬Լ׻Щ϶ԼʱҲһͺˡ
䣬£лһõġĸŮùȲ裬˼ѻ۹顣
Ǽѻ۹Ҳǲ˳ϲ˭÷Ҫϲࡣл˵ǿ㸸ʶТ̫ŮˣϲҪõġ
ɣ쳵۾ġ
ĸ֪λ죬죬˵˰죬Ҳ֪ôƺɣλ˧úأ
żΣлЦŵĶͷ
Ҳ˧úܣ˵ԼҲЦˡ
ɱ˵㷼İлЦŴȤԼĹ
ǵûС˵ʱ;ƣû뵽Ȼý㡣
Ǹл˵ôɽ¶ˮûƳԡ
˭˵ġӲƳ𡣡Ц˵ҿ˵˼Ҳ⣬ûڡ
ĸŮ˵ŻأЦž˽
˭أЦ˵
Ǽࡣ˵ᵽûٸýڡ
ԼŮѣ˼ѻ۹顣лƳ뷨ЦŸ쳿˿ڡ
ˣɫҲˣȥɡռѻ۹һѧ˻ᱻЦġ
ǡЦž˳ȥֲǸɵӣô֪ĸлҪ˵
Ҫɷһѧʵ
л̵ͷ˵Ůٽ̵ĶЩ޺飬ӦǶײȥѧģҿƽնĽ̵Ҳ٣ѧһ顣ٸɷɵ
л˵꣬ǰ˸
˵ҲҵĲǡл˵ڻ˵ҾûŸ͸˭֪һȻᴦ룬ɼƽս̵޷
ʲôϵл̣Լߣǡ
л̺˵˵ǹҾȻһ涼ûмأ
ż˵Ӻлˡ
лԵɴ۾
ǻҪȥһλ𣿡
ֻǳ˵ģϻţûµġ
Ǿͺáл˵꿴Ƿû
ǺӼȻ˵ҪЧ³³¿Ųͽۡ˵ǺӴ飬ЩϧǸŮޡ
л̲ס﷭˸ۣλǸޣ³͢Ҫһ
Ҫú÷͡л˵ǺӵĸҲˡ
⻹ѡֵ˵л̵ıӣˡ
лЦЦ˵֪ȫˡ
˵Цž߽ңǸOO@@˳ֻ˫ź
ɻصұԺ˼һϡڶգù緹˾ͻرйˡ
ɸһۣ
մ˳ͨ˼ûʲô뼾࣬˸
ūλˡ
ض񡣡ɸæ
ūֵܼҵһӣճףʵۿȥȶϱ衣Ц˵ūˣʵʾһ£͹ˡ
ͷǡ˵꿴򻳶м
ҲҡЦ˵
Ҹףڹϲʲôɫĳʵ
룬ϲ¶顣
Т̫ӵߣȼӻҪһ硣Ǳãʲôÿء˵ϲأɫТ̫ӵ괩ɫڹһСˣȻͷ۾̲סТ̫һСϡ
ɵͷ˳㡣
øТ̫һģһ˵۾ˣ̲סТ̫
û취ͽ̡ʱСֲ̫˵ûٱ۸Т̫ӼʵҪ˹
˵⻰Ը֪䡣һ֪һӹڻǰǰ
ǣЩؿɡ
ҸҲʹ͸ġЦ˵ԣξҸɡ
һ㶣ֺ֮ۡ
ūлˡ
ȴæܿ˷
˼ң̲סͷһֱôˣڻܼТ̫ӵĺӣá
лҪ˵һŶ

 78 

ɻص, ˼һ֪
׼һɫĳ
ǡ֪ҲԵ, ɵӦˡ
ȥӺʱ򴩣һʵ
ɵͷ
˲һ˵ʵ, Ȼһ˵
Ҳԡ
˵Ż˵ҷˡԺ۾˲վȹӾ˳ȥ
, ܵſڵʱҷ򸾸ոս
ŵ㡣˵ôˤô죡
յůůģз۾Ķǻϲ
ūأʵ, ô
˭˵ûⲻںء
˻䣬ĸŷū˽
һ², Сһࡣĸͷ, һ̽ı顣
, ܵܲʶˡ˵֣ȥ
û, ʶŹأЦ˵, ˿ôû
öˡ˵ſϣЩӻҪȥӺûڼҹˡ
, ˵Ҫ˽˲źãպȵĶá
ɵͷסˡ
ף
˼գ̲סֵĶͷ
˻£Ҳ·ūЦ
ܵܲŲأ˵ﲻԡ
ԶԶԡ˵Ķԡ˵߽ңҿ˿ڡ
ң֪һ߿ţ̲סһ˿Ȼ󣬵ǺΪûȫϣʺɫ⻹ⷭš
պҪˡ˵Ҳû£жûӰͺá
ãҩ˰ɡ˵·̫鷳ˡ
֪ùҩۣ棬۵üͷһ۾ˣǧĹŮЩӿˡ
˿֪ɰ˿ڣԼȥѴãﻹдʡ
㰡СǸʡĵġˣⲻʡĶһˡ˵ȥӺʱע㣬֪𣿡
׷ġЦ˵һġ
˰ѣЯֳҵš鷿ڣü˳۵ү˵
Ǹһ·ϣ࿴һЩү˵ȻС޽ԾǱҸҪǲҸ
ĳסӦù
˸һЦЦžܵūߡ
ϧڱΪϧСһ￴ˡ
˵꣬ūȻָá
ūһ£üͷɣޣ־졣ɾͿȥЦͣ
ףū̫ˡ
Сһﰡ쵹ܽơ˵Щӻ·˼أ
̲꣬סС
ܵ֡
Сֵá˵Сʱ򣬡Сʱݵİôֻᡣ
ڲͦá˵Űյ˸ǰǲǸˣ
ǵȻˡЦ˵Ǹˡ
ס˵ﵽӺһ·ֲˣֻ֪ȥ𣿡
룬˵ԣֻһ˵ˣΪ
׷ġҡҡ˵ĸ첲ҲŲأңҲҰ
룬Ҳе
ǸġһƱţźð
ɱǲӵģģֽӹ˹
лס
ͷ֪쵽·˵ֿţһʲô飬ûǮʹ
áЦ۾ģùߣ
Ȼ˵ɵıӣôûȻҪһ
һθҷ÷Ϊšɵǿģǰ뱻˼еĶǲˡ
Ե⡣˵ְһֻȼӸɣôܵġ
áҲܾԵÿļˡ
һٷɾԼԳˡüֱЦԭôɰʱ
ѾˡҷŴŷūȥɿǵӰŻص
ˡ˵ҶûԱ
Ҫóٶ˵ԵĹʵҽǳԳˡ
Цˣ˵ҷǰرɰ
ģЦʵҾʲôʱͦɰġУҵ
ǡ˵ˡ˵ǰرɰ
ԵʲôʵӦûвٳԵġ
ˡ˸ооȥӺʲôرҪġ
룬˵裬
ΪʲôЩ档
Ҵˡϲߵˣûٸմ⡣˵꿴ż࣬أ
ͷ
鷿һҪԻ˯ʹҴ
ˡү˷ˡ
ʲôվΪ̫ײ鰸˼Σ̨˳žͻȥˤҸ顣
أʵ
شˣҿ˷Ը˼ں涢ţѾͻˣ᷿ء
ɸæ˳ȥ״Ҳ˹ȥ
᷿үڴϣһֱĨᡣ
˽û°ɡ
ˣү˶ˣѾˡ̫ҽ˵СүĸЩأҪЩӡ
Ƿūأʵ
СүĸСүһֱڻСүǱߴѾ˯ˡ̫ҽ˵ʰҩ䡣
л̫ҽһҾ
⺢Ӿôˣʵôġ
ɱóһʱžЩ
ûµġ˵ǣˡ
¡үһ˵Ҽ˸ˡ
л𣿡תͷſڵ
شˣûС˵
ûоûаɡ˵ֿ֮ˣԹңҪңͲнյˡ
˵˵ţˡ
ʲôү˵ǽճ£߻ҲǸһѵҪӼ
Ĩᣬү
ɱ˵Щӻȥӡ
˵ˡ˵ҲáԸѵ
û˵ȴֲͣǸɵӣڿοôأ
ﰲסš˵Щ˺ߣöҡ
СӦʹ죬ղһ£Ƕһ룬ˡ
Ϣ˵ó׼Ƿūҹιһ㡣üȴׯӸūҸĸǸͣ
˼ܵԵͷȥĶͷȴԼĴ멻ȥ
һ·ٲ˿ɲá˵
ɵͷ˵˯
ԺӣžԼ󱳶ʪˣɵÿصݣ໹
ôһɽеʵ
ûʲô¡˵´멣ȥŪ꽪
㣿࿴ɣǰɡ
Ķȥˡɵ˼һۣҸղųһֱ紵ˣеܡ
Ķͷ˵̫ҽưɡ
С˵ҵﻹû˯أͷ֪ˣֵùҡڵġ
ʱ˽˵ضλˣʬòܶˣȷʵ˳ˡ
ˣɶݺݵ˵˲ҾȥҵˣūôСǾȻҲµ֡
²¡౧סû¾ͺáҲǸѵͷʥ˵һ߶లһЩˡ
ɵͷû˵֪ڿޣҲȰֻظͷ
Σɲ̧ͷǰһƬŴʪЩ˼
޹ûкһ㣿˵ȥĶͷ治̫ҽ
ҡҡͷ˵뽪ͺá
˯˵Ϣ˾ûˡ
ɵͷ˵նл㡣Ҿû뵽Ըȥҵ
лʲô˲ϼɻ䣬ɵ־ͽңú˯һɡ֪ˡ
ɵͷ
Ϣɡˡ
֮ȴû᷿ȥֻվš
֪ɺȹֵڴϣŶˮš
һͿǶվţһ
·Ըѹõ͵͵ġ
϶ŵǹ˵ǷˣҪǰԺֱȥ᷿ңȥŮҽ
֪ͷ
ת᷿
Ȼ缾ϣɰҹԼ֪˯оܣ˼֪ΪĻ˯æ˽ȥ
յˣһͷǹ̵úܡæñӣȥ᷿豻ɰŵǰԺԺھһˡ
īī֪һһߺ
ī˯ѣѾˡ
Ǳ£īʵ
أͷ̵̹ġ֪˵
Ȼȥȥйӡ
֪΢µģֻԺ
ŮҽʱɻյڲǼ֢Ůҽҩֶ˼䡣
൹µԸīȥҩ֮󣬾߲뿪
֪Ҳ֪Լҹʱܳ£ǰԺأֲþҲĬϼš
š˸ӣݸ࣬ĬĬվһߡӹСظɵĶͷϡ
յͨ죬ԽĿ
ҩأʵ
īȥˡ֪˵
Ҳ֪ʱ򼱲ãͷû˵
һīҩ֪Լһһ׵ι
ȻյԺǻѡ֮Ժۣ࣬Ц˵л
ɵ˵Űһҩιճˡ
ɺ˼ҩüͷ򼾷ࡣ
أ
Ҳúȡ˵ְһҩιҩڣֲǲ֪
Ҳ߯ˡ˵ͷҪˡ
ʲô취˵ιһףׯҩ٣̫ҽŮҽҲֻ࣬ܶҩ൱
ֲáɼҩ˵׶˿
Ůҽ˵Ǽŭģּϱ紵һ£ġ˵͸㿪ҩҲ࣬ͺ졣
ǽһ𣿡ɺȻʵ
ҩЧ졣ЦŴȤϧ첻㡣
˵⻰һ۽
֮ھ˯ɡ˵㡣
⡭Щԥ
Ҿڿϡ˵֪һһùȥңһһأپǰԺ
ɾ⻰ټҲ·û˵ʲô
Ͻ˯ɡ˵麰ҡ
˵⻰ԼЦˡ
Ҷɡղž֪ڲŷ㲡ˡ
ЦЦһӿ
ҲϢһɡ˵˸Ƿͺ۾
һ̲סЦˡĶͷȶȻûҲû΢һ
룬ûȥǱϡڴߵĽ̤Ŵ׼һ˯ʲôҲѲ£ѣҲ˼ٺһ
ڶգ۾;ԼۣͷҲˣҲˣɼʱˡͷͰַ˼ࡣ
˯ãһ£æۡ
ôˣʵ
ЦЦ˵û£Һˡ
лҪ˵˲˵Ԥաӡ齫ͬԧʡôôౣ

 79 

ɵôڼļ򴦡ֹ̧ȥ, ĳġ
ͱˡ˵žվȥŮҽơ˺, ˿ǶҪע⡣
ûôɣ
˵, һ̧ͷͿ۾ȻЦˡ
ɵĻۣٲһҿɾҪµˡ
ı, ˵֪ҪЮҡ
ЦЦû˵
һȥϴȻȥǰԺơ˵ͱˡ
֪
޷ЩɢңһЩ鷢䵽, Ǹ
һֻŸ̤⣬˵ˡ
ǵøʥȥš˵
ġҹ͹ȥˡ˵
ǵЩҪʹֱӰѰ˳Χˡǵʦ, ƾŸˣҪټ򵥲ˡҪ޳ͷ֮, ֻܵ뼾ǰϴӺ̾˿, ֻٸҶలż
ɱǼŭģûˡŮҽոҩ, ˾˽
ôˣʵ, ˲ô죿
˵Ķͷ˵һҸܷģ
أûкһ㣿ʵūأĸϲϲ
أ˵, ⺢ӣôĵģôĹļӣҿ֪˵һϡ
ɰһ죬ĵô֪µġ
˼ͷ˵Цˡ
ڸ·ʲô˼ҶôģҪرһźãҪȻȺĶŪˡ
ס˵
úЪš˵վ׻ȥˡ
üͷ˵ײٴ𣿡
û˵ָָֻ⡣
ȥÿӰӡ
ӣ
Сһ䡣
ˣ׵ȥūˣûţСһû˺
ɼô˵Ҫ´˰סˡ
ʵţͷô죡˵ŵĶͷ˼Ҽһޣ
˻ȥ
ߡ
ˣһֱ֮ǰĻԽԽ˼
˳ţǶ߸ߵĸӣһ˿Σɵ⡣
ˡæ
úչ˵Ҳˣ⺢ƽʱģһ£ԼԼŪˡȡ
ס๧Ӧһúôġ
صͷȥǰԺ
˵Ļ֪˵ǳ׳ˡԼЦһ£˽ȥʱ΢ЦɵЩ档
ʲôôģʵ
û¡˵ʱ۾ģ͸Ƶġ
ߣĶͷ¶Ƚˡ
챻ˡ˵ͷô̡
ڲǺˣͷնлˡû£ȥúϢһ°ɡ
õġıӣôȻô𣿡
ɵŴ۾գգ͵ؿ˵Уǰһ
Ůע⣬͵͵һ¡
ʲôЩ֡
ڳǲǳۣô𡣡
յůЦЦ֣ʱ÷ɿ졣
˼գּҷƺˣŸȥӺǰװȥһ巹̸һ࣬Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
ֻ˵һЩ¡˵Ҳûжʡҷ򸾵飬ɣ˳ǲʲôý
˵Ҳ֣ΪϰˣǰջܵòУ˵գȻϰˡ;羰ϿɽˮҲ÷ơգһڵӺϣﶼǻεġ
ڶһ磬ɸ֪ݾͰѻ˹˵ҲɣӺǣֻһаŮˣҪҵǸˡ
հɷԸ
֪ݵͷҲûʡڹٳãܴһ׻쵽գʲôʱſʲôʱñ죬˭
Ӻ磬ʱѾѩˡһСԺһλ˴Ӿˮ׼ϴ·š˲֣˵˭
֪ݸһš
Ǹһ£Ȼ첽߹ȥ˴š
ү£ǸСʵ
֪ݴһȥ֪ݸǸ˵ʲô飬Ҳ
ǡΨΨŵŵӦˡ
˼ѻˣҲתˡſվһȻ̾˿Ҳϴˣֱȥ
߽ң֮󣬴ӿĹóһУ˼£Եһ´ˣһŷƵֽ
Ǹ˿ãŰѺַ˻ȥ̾˿ģҪġҲգܱĵҪá
ϣĸˣְ׼Եһ飬ʢúܡ
ףⲻ겻ڵģôôóԵģ
ڸ˶һʵ
û˵ֻǼһŵɵ
ʲô£˵źȻ̧ͷˣ
˵ͷ˵֪ݸˣչȥأճѧǹٸ㣬͸ߡ¡
Ŀӣؿλˡ
ô֪ǲǰ˳ˣ
һЦ˵ǰ˳ڹӲдˣʥϻ⵹Ȼҵ֤ˡ
ԥһ£˵ǵҲˡ
¡Ǹ˰οЩ׶ûвֻ֣ǴˡҵʱΣҾ˵ȥֻмţңۼһ˵߬ģͶǸ
ͷû˵
ڶգǸ𴲣ĸԼһ٣ֻһɾѣϸظƽ֮󣬹˴ž֪ݸȥ
ӺģҪѩϵ·ȵš֪ݸһ˽ȥ
֪ݸ˼ˣɵķԸ᷿
һ
˵˳ȥֻԼ
һī˽Ų豭Ǹ˸ǰҲ˵һ֮ȥ˿ǽĹӡ¯ȼ֮󣬾۹۱Ǳǹĵ
ȻϺõûһƮ㡣Ǹ豭ţ֮һڣǺò衣
Ų豭תīīҲţ󷽷ΣǸ˲תĲ豭´󾪡ⱭӣТ̫ӵľģʲôˣ
Ȼע⵽ڵѬ㣬ǵТ̫õģ˵ԼƵ衣ȻѬ涼Ҫҩ
ůģǸȴ̲ס˸սˣ˭
ʱһ˴˽Ǹ˳ȥֻ˴һɫĳխ䣬ǰ漰˫磬һֻ֯ĸѥĵ˸⾫
ϡǸ˺Ȼ˿ڡ
Ǹһ㶣ž͹
︾Т̫ӡ                        
лҪ˵ɣռһع

 80 

Ǹ˹, ̧ͷǰˡȻգ, ˹͸ǸվҲ˵, ӻ̿֡
֪Т̫ѾˣǰˣТ̫һģһһʱ, ɵ˵֮ǰĻ
ûǸɡЦһ£ǰϡҲ˵ֻǿŰϡ
ǣϹ̧ͷ, Т̫ӣΪʲôТ̫ô񣿡
û˵ùһֻӸԼһ衣һ, ˵裬ûĺ, ԰ɣ
Ǹ˶һ, ׳ŵ̧ͷȥ
˭
Цһ£ûдĻ
Ϥ, ⱭӸ, ҲӦϤɣ
Ǹ˹ȻͷӦ
ǼӣǸТ̫ӳ񡣡
ҡҡͷ˵㻹˵, Ҳ̫ϰ߱˹ҡ
Ǹ⻰ֿ֮һɡ
Ѿͷ߰ɡȻ˵Ļá
һüë˵ʱˣʲôȥˣ
һЦǲҵ
ǿˣ˱ӦԽ¡
̧ͷī˵ȥɡ
ǣīɵӦˣ˸ˡ
ϼīˣϸɣ˵лˣ
ǿ治֪Ц˵
ˡ˭ˣҽӲˡ˵ʲôʰɡ
ô֪Ӳƿ⣬ż뷨ȥ
ҵ˵ָָһż㣬׽ӲȥˡϲˣҲûٸմ⡣һڳҾףǹˡ
Ҳ˵£ӺѰ㡣µİɣ
ϵͷ˵ûµġ
ôȷһᱻ˿أʵ
˭ȷ˵ʱˡ
Ȼ㶼Ϊβֱȥ˵ʵǸ¡
ȥǸЦһˣشˮʮǰʥϲռλ꣬µֻûɾ︾ȥŻûͱŪˡ
룬ʱȷʵʥϸռλȻϳţȡ
飬֪٣ʵ
룬˵֪
Ϊֻȫˣ˵߬˲豭
Ȼ֪ǰ˭ȷλ˼ҵˡһʱ䣬Ҳƽ顣
òã˵ֻϧˮáӦȡľˮɣӺˮɬúȡǣӿڣ˳˾ˮҲûбˮǣ֪úȣҲôջȡˣһ֪´ΣһСʮʮ˵סˣҲа
û˵ûƭˣʱȷʵ˵
˵껰ӻͳС
µΨһ֤˵ֻڶഫӲ䵽ֽϣֻһΣ︾ԣѳƼǲסµġ
ɽӹ˰Ҳû򿪣˵أ
Ц
ҰѸ˵Ķ˵ˣôҲ֪˭С
ɿһۣĳ¶Ķ̰ȹ
Щ㶣λǸ
Т̫ӣҸס
ԭģǸ˵ԭ˵ģТ̫Ѫ
Ͳƭ㣿ʵ
ҡҡͷ
Т̫һģһⳤ࣬ƭ˵ġ
ǾͰ򿪰ɡ
˵ѽӻظϡ
Ͻӹ˰򿪽֮󣬰ֽСʸɡ
ⲻǸҩ˵ſϣô
ǵТ̫纮ʱ̫ҽġ˵ʵʱТ̫Уֻ·ǳԼ֪̫ͨҽҩˡТ̫ȹ֮ҲΪ³һЩˡҩ԰Ե̫ܹҲӺá
˵꣬һ١
ҩ̫ҽԺҪףͷȥһ£Ӧ̫ҽԺҵҼǵǿƽʮ죬̫ոռ޽ûáէһû⣬ʵζҩ˵ġ
أʵ
Ϊ̫üѣƽ۸˼ˣȫ̫Ӿܾˡ˵ǼˣˡֻТ̫Т̫ӶˡȻҲҸӴӴ϶
û˵ĵǷǳʺڹʲô뷨뵽
µˡϼ˵ңǮϡТ̫ʺ󣬿ƽ۴ŭ˲ֱʣһʱȥǵĿڡҸǮ϶Ǵӹֻȥģ̫ˣ֣˳ֻϧǵ˵˼ûˡ
Ǯȥ֪ʡ
Ǯϼ˶ˡֱͶлҡ˵лҸŵһׯ飬ҾͲ֪ˡ
ΪʲôûиһȥЩ⡣
ʱлҲֻԱȥˣʲô˭Ҳˡ˵Ǯҽ㵱ʱҲˣܲáأ׳ȥ˽ꡣ
Ϊʲôأ
Щ⡣
Σյĵطȫ𣿡ЦֻӵԶԶģ˭֪ҾͼƤӵôá
ɿĵλҲȷʵ
ָ֤Ը⣿ʵ
ȻԸ⣡ɱҼʮˡ˵ֻСӻ֮Уҷ˲ص
ɼ˵ļߵĻȥ
ǣҲֳҲˡ
һЦ˵ǼġʮǰѾˣڻŵģǸп˰ˡֻǣС޹
Ҳʲô£ɵͷˡ
߰ɡ˵ʰʰվ͸һ
ǡ
ϵͷӦˣôֿ꣬ٻȥˡ
꣬ӻؼңͿԼԺӻ졣Χ۵ȺУԼĶҲҳֻǾؿšֱ˰ѻϨˣҹɫŸ߽ȥһơ
ķӡŮиոճСӣɽ̿Ķϱأʱ򣬻ŰԼĶӱڻ
ῪµķѹŵģԼСŮŮʮˣѾôģٹ꣬˵ˡЦԼ˶ļױҲ֪˵˵ġ
ţȻͷϵӾ͵⻹׵ʱأǸ۵Ǿ˵˺þõǮŴµġ
Ӳɾ´ͷϡ
ˣܵи롣˼鲼ÿ϶ץһѡ󣬲ŷСӲӰ
һʱ־ֻϲʢŹǻҵĲźãԺϸѰҡȻССĹҵ˯õСӡ
ذѶӱڻתͷһѾΪԺӣһһ˳ȥ

 81 

һֱ᷿š, ˸ϿȥԼȥɡ
﷢, ˿֪߽ڳ˼, Ҳú¾˹ȥ
ߵǰŷŲ豭Ƭ, µѪ
£¡˻ôˣ
ŻЩãؿżࡣ
û¡
ô£˵ƣƬ˳
ҡһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô, ֻЩ㶡
š
˵ߵſڣҴīҪһ迪ˮ˽֮մˮ, СĵظɲøɾֵˮһЩϵĲ豭, ϸسɾ
ô֪أ˵, 㿴Ѫ˶١
ʵҲôۡ, ż, ҵʱ̫ˣ˶֪
ɣ˵ЩҲ֪, ǰ˵ЩʲôֻǵǶǸ顣
ɵͷ
û¡ҾԼͦõġ˵š
ЩħҲϼɻ䣬ֱӰڻ
ǰϵ׸˵Щʲô
̧ͷż࣬˵ҩТ̫ӸոմˡТ̫ܵڶ֪ԼиϢؾûˡ
¡ĺ󱳣˶ô࣬ôε
ף鲻ѹյһݰˡһ꣬ɾ˶£֪Լݣֱ֮׷ɱٺΪ۰ĸܵܲɥ֮֡һ׮׮һͲܳˡ
Ҳʮѡ
ǸѾˡ˵Ǻվʹʥϴ꣬ʬҰ
˵ΪʲôҪôݣɵЩǸλùȻãǾͷҪֵ˵ز𣿡
֪ⲻ˵ȥˣĺ󱳣˵ˣȥ÷ҴȥǽߡطȻƫƧǷ羰ɽ
ɵͷҲ֪ԼЩħˣá
ȥϼ𣿡ʵ
ͷ˵ģźˡ֪׼˿ȣǾͤ￾ô
á˵һҪһơ
СӦʹ죬վƣǶûȹأ
𣿡ʵҪһġ
塣ıӣ߰ɣʱ򣬿¼Ӷܺˡ
վֿ򼾷ࡣ
ֲˣҡ
û⡣˵ŰѴùϣι߶С
˽߻סȻͤѾ֧˻ѣһֻȱ档
뼾ͤȴӺɫһһɽɫ
ȷۣµεһŻǶɽűߡ
ûŪϰɣæ
ûС˵¿ˮʲôʱܳԣ
شˣѾˡ˵Сݸ࣬Ŀ飬͸Ŀ顣
ͷǶȥ
ɶȿ˿˵֪ݸ֪ͱ飬Կȣ𣿡
ûϵ˵ǰϴкˣ֪÷Ҳǿȡ
ŷ
ȿýƣĨ˵ΰȥΰڻ֮󣬾õŵɸǰ

ÿӼŵߴ˴ҧһڡȹȻۣǵûζһ㡣˵۾
óԡ
Цָһ鵽˵ٳվƣζֳ壬ǶĲһ
ɵͷһڣȻζ
ʱȻѩЦˡ
˵ƣС¯ҲӦ˾ˡ
ɵͷһȸ˱ľơ
ٸҵ㡣
á
ƺָһ
˾ôѩžƣ˭Ҳ˵Ƕ֪Էʲô
һһغȣһһصʱʱʱʱЩ⵽
ʹ죡
ɺȹһΣ˵⻰Ϳϡҡҡͷͻӡ
ȶˡ࿴ŵ㡣Ը֪īȥѣһ͹
֪īͷߺ󣬰ѣִˮɾ
֮󣬾֪īſڴţԼɡôƣѾ߼ܲס
˭֪ɾƷãȶҲ֣˯ÿġ࿴һ˱һ߿
һĶãһ͹ȥơ
ڵʱˡüģ֮УȻ֪ǰ컹Ǻҹ
֪ʲôʱˣʵ
ʱˡˣæ˹ȥ
ǶԼͷҪѿˡüģżࡣ
ܲ취ҷȻҵͷ
̲סЦѾͷǺȶˡ
ԡ
˵֮һɵԴһַĺ󱳣һһ
ͷۡ˵Ѿ𣿡
С˵ţ˶˽
ٸҵʲôģθأ
֪ˡ˵˳ȥԸ֪ī
ʱѾſڴ¹һˡ
֪̾ͺáɾԼǱúܣHġ
Ӹ죬ͱȥϡ
˵ǲһˣ
ҡһͷͿڼ໳
ҶԴͷأ˵ȾƵʱãһ㶼áͷۣθҲܡ
һͺˡḧĺ󱳣ȹѾͻһ㡣
һīѾӹɡ
ι㡣
á˵߾УԼܺȡ
û취ֻܰɵķԸȥ
˭֪ȵõãһ㶼ụ̂ˣЦݸī˿ӵ
Ż᲻һ㣿ʵ
üͷ
ֻǵģѺȥ
ɺһͰӳˣæֵߡ
ʲôʵ
Ѻ³ЩΪʲôôʡ
ҪHġҡҡͷ
ıӣ˵Ҷû㣬㵹ˡ
ûС죬ҾҶѡ
ûµġ˵Ű˹ȥ³ɣ˵Żأһȥ
ɸղȷʵѺȥô˵ټ־«έôһ˿ѣͰѺµ˼ϡ
ҪҪһţʵ
ҡҡͷ
Ѿˡ
֪ʰֶˮӷŽȥš֮ݸࡣ
ǰүȥҲ˵ӲһЩ
ӹһѣͿչüͷ
īأʵ
īڳء֪ػī˵ն˾ƣҪЩ嵭ģųŪЩСˡ
ʱѾż࣬ǳ˼
ˣЦŶղſɲ
ץץͷ˵ȷʵˡ
ûкһ㣿ʵҲԹңҲû⡣
ȷʵöˡ˵վ
ȥĶ㡣˵ˤˡ
ɵһӺˡ˵¡
Ҳ
ȥ
˭Ҳû˭һӿˡ
´ξԲôȾˡɰ룬ҲǱúȵģҪȻһֱŵǸҷǵöϵɡ
οеˡ֪˵ҲǼ˺á
û˵ĵȻǼ˽Լ׵Ļ˵ûȷʵѵá
䣬뼾һ˺һ࣬žθһЩ
˯ɡ˵վҪ·ˡѩҪʮղܻ
áЩ˼Ҳ˯
֪īں棬ü۹˾ûȣˣ˼
ϣڴ˯ţ˼͹ű˴ƿӣԺѩѾܺˡʱǱߵĴҲˣһЦ·˳ȥ
лҪ˵ھ޴ѹ£ȷʵúһܻ⡣Ҳûа취顣
дȣԼдˣҲ֪ʲôʱ͹ݲܿҵʳҪȥԿȣ

 82 

뼾ȻӺʱ䲻, ǴĶȫƤСѥְ֮Ѵϵ, ŵسš
ƿ, Ҳ˳ЦžܵԺ
Ӻѩô󡣡Ц˵
㻹ѩñϣ
˵ְ꣬ѩñáɫѩñһȦɫĺëߣĵԽ

Ц۾, ֽһƬѩٵǰ
㿴ѩô󡣽궼ûôѩҲûС
𣿡ʵ
䡣
ɳĽëһƬѩûһͻһˮ飬档
ϲ, ررϲ˵꿴أ
Цŵͷż, ˼һ¡
Ҳرϲ㡣
⻰һѾͰ, ԭת˺Ȧ֮, ָ˵˺ü¡
ɼӣЦָѩ, ۾һת, ץһųѩ
ӣ˵֮󣬰ѩ˳ȥѩƫУҵ˼ļ
ѩ, Ҳѩӹȥ
ƽ˵ˣֻ֣ѩС
Ҳ֡ô￴ɡ
С
˵ʱҲûţ˺üѩȫż˹ȥ
˵Ҳ˼ѩ
۾ϵĶæ㵽ʯ档
ܣ
ѧϷ̨ϵǻæ׷˹ȥ
ڽϳûѩ̣׷Ұѩץӣûӵϣȫ䵽Լ·ϡ
أȥıӣѴϵѩɾ
ҸѸѩʨӣòã
ɾϲصͷ
ãҪġ
Ժӵɨ㣬ѩɨһѣʵ֮ȥɾһ߿ţʱʱȥҡ
֪īһ֮󣬴յһ̾˿
֮ǰ˾ƣô棬ղ˲Źأ֪˵
ī룬˵Ҫȥú˰ˮϣλ湻ˣݸ裬ѺȥˣҲӦû¡
Ҳֻˡ֪˵վ
ʲôȥīʵ
̾˿˵ȥõӡҹͷ˼Һˮòһ
Ҳأī˵ץһɰ߰ɣ㿴ѩʨӶˡ
ɸ඼ԼŮܺã˴˴멾˳ȥһţ˶˸սô죬˾Ȼôġ
Ѿ˯ˣֵĹ۾ͰŴˡ
λʱλҪҹʵ
īҡҡͷ˵ͷ˶ٵˮһλҪݸ
ʱҲĶ
ӺȪԺ˹һҽС˰ˮ̧ȥɺá˵
̫ˡī˵ŰѺɰǾͷ뼦ӣ㿴ŸСǷˡ
ӹһ£æƻȥ
īҲ̫ˡ
಻ࡣī˵֪꣬˻ȥ
ڼߣѩʨӶѺãЦ
ÿ˵ϧˣҪȻܸһˡ
ûϵڻ˽ˣϲǾıŵĲ£ĶҲȥӺòã
ɵͷ۾ġ
һͻȥɡ˵ӣûˣջøһѩ̫󣬴æ·Σա
á˵꿴ż࣬£հǾȥӺǺòã
ñӷ죬Ǹӿɰ
á˵ͷһ£ȥɣֵ̫ˡ
ɵͷϵЦֹֹס
𣿡߱ʡ
档
˵ܵԺӵĽ䣬һȦӡ
㿴
˳ָȥ˵һְ֮
ѩôģŶʪ˰ɡ
ʱŷѩ˳ѥ䵽档
ȥݸš
˵Űݡ
λڻˡī˵С˵ӺȪԺﻹˡҸ֪ѾԸ˵˲ٹλݸ˯ɡ
Ѿͷ
˵ŷɣյ˵һ䡣
һ衣
ɵһۣһ¡

պͲˡһ£С֡
֪أ
Ҫߣ˴߽
λȳԵ㶫衣˵մЪȥ᳤ġ
ͷˡ
˵꿴֪֪飬æݹȥһɰ
ҲƴǣЦл֮ˡ
֪ˣóŵóû飬͵뼾ǰ
ôСİɡЦЦ
ʱ򣬻СһЩá֪˵֮īһۣ˫˫Ҳ˳ȥ
ùһ棬ɾûůġ˸ǷԴؿżࡣ
Ͽȥɡ˵ղҪ𣬶˯һ
Ҳǡ˵վѼһֱ͵ſڡ
ӺȪãˮ峺ԴһЩƵζɰԼˮоÿë׶ſˡ
ûҲȥݡɶ֪˵īһȥҹ裬׼
á֪Цŷ˷
𣡡ͷֳһϸôɣϴˡ
ɲɾ֮͸æɻشϣhiΪȪⷦûü˯ˣһҹΣۣѾ
ʲôʱˣʵ
ʱˡ֪˵ŰѬϵ
ôˡ۾Ժ˴أ
Ӧû˯ɡ֪˵ī᷿
¼ϴ֮˲ϼɻȥ᷿īѬѣˣЦָָҡ
ӻûأҸչȥƹˣ˯úء⾰ˣҲˡ
⻰ſڲ˼ȥ
ȥɡī˵Ƕſվء
е̧˽ȥ
˯˿֪߽ڴ߿⼸ȷʵ˲١
̲סָΪѩʨӵĹϵָЩ졣
֪᲻һȥʹӣûҩĨ
۾̲ס̡
ôáɼ˵Ҷ֪ϲʲô
۽ë˶۾
ʲôʱģЩȡ
ոա˵վϿ컻·ɣҸմԺ￴ˣǲءøϽһ¡
Сȥһ
š
˵ȹˣں濴ıӰ̲סЦ
ϲʲôϲ㰡
ǰԺţȻ;ʥ۹ⲻôһ״ԪһۣôôأȻ뵽ԼҲǱְѸղŵĻ˻
ɵ洫
ϸæվ
ˣˡ
ɴŮװȻ˿װ⻰ԡķ߽ʱ򣬼ֱͰȹ˹ٷӡ
ܳ𣿡ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ƳһաҪ˰ꤶϵݣֹܷ·ʪ
ס˵俴ϣӣöܵ
룬˵Ҫʮա
·Ϲˡɸ̾һ䣬׼һЩ
ġѾԸȥˡ˵꿴ɣǰôţ
ŵмϡ˵ǰӦ㰲˳ҲӦܱ
Ǻһ·˵ǴӺݣһ֮ߣ·ȻЩԶ·;ƽ̹
룬ͷ
֮γأȻ±Ȫ֮󵽺ǡϼ˵֮ȡɽһ·
ԡ˵ȷʵЩԶȫΪϡ
ϣɸȥơ
ȵȵȡ˵ָЩ죬ȥ֪ҹҪдҩ
̯ƣ˵ûµġ
С־Ժȥͷ˶ô죿˵һ˶궼Ҫġ
౻һ·קȥĵ˼ղŻһһӣڵСŮ̬ʮ㡣ǰԼˡ
ţͺϲ£ˡ
һԼҩࡣ
˱ūԼģǺõĺܡū֣ϴϴ̣һ㶳ûС
ƣȷʵˡ
л˵ѾûݹȪͷ˸ǵЩˮȥģǰ׸ɵġ
ʹʹáæƴǵո̫ˡ
Цˣ˵գǽգ£ܲɵġ
Ժʮˣ̹ˡ֪ԼƴǾЩˣˡ
ɼˣšɺУŵǰţһɵҩ㣬Ǻܺš
ϸָһЩĨϡ
𣿡ʵ󲻴󣿡
ҡҡͷ˵Щã
Ǿͺá
˵ž͵ͷϸͿĨһ߿ѵᡣ
ʵԼͺá˵ϲ㣬ôҶϲ
ɺȻ̧ͷգ۾
㲻÷֪ϲʲô˵ϲģ㡣
֪ղװ˯ĵһۣȴ־һ˵ģһʱ䵹ǲ֪ǸǸøˡ
֪˵Ҳ˵ˣһ˵ģȺôţҲǻġ
ġæ˵ҷġ
ɶס졣
ʱ򣬲˵סû
ͷѾ˵ÿʼðݡ
ӺСҲһ·ѩ֨֨߹ȥҲһȤζߵʱ򣬺Ǵ˲Ǯ޵ԺӣҲ
뼾߽ȥʱѾеĶʰˣ
λˣʲôʱʵ
ա˵껷һ£ʰõ졣
ǰЩ̾ԴӺ֪סܶණܴջʹջܲþͲãʰȻͿˡ
Ժӣʵ
ˡϴΣǲٻˡ
ɵͷ˰ϼ䣬˾ˡ
λû²ȥơſ˵кܶĵС⡣
ɱ⻰£һ۶ڰСʼࡣ
𣿡
Ȼ˵Ҳ´ˣ˵ҲҪȥתתġ
۾˵á
лҪ˵ȻǷԲԣ

 83 

ر, Ȼ˴ѩô㣬Ϊһڳʳ, ҲóɿŹĶëƤ, ˶ˡ
ÿָһƤ˵Ҳ֪ӡ
ĵСٻæ˸ơ

е󡣡һ䣬һϲ
İʮС, Ļæһ㡣
һתۣƼһƤӡ
ãҵһۣ˼ҡ
ЩЦôôɰ
, һƤõǿ͸ࡣĴǹƤëӦ÷ǳ
, , ҶҪˡֱȻһ, Ǯ
С״ͶֵˡλĿ, һ֮, ͿԻؼˡ캮ضģؼҴŶ̹
λһһǧһС˵, Сĸ㣬һǧ
ɲЩתͷ򼾷ࡣ
𣿡
֮ǰӴׯͷ֪һЩ顣
󡣡˵žҪƱ
ȴס
ģԼ͡˵֮һ£滹أ
൹סˣֻҷ򸾲ūһһû뵽ġ
ûзūġ͵͵ģǼƤġ
˵Цˣ˲עͷһ¡
ʲôɵһۡ
Ҹˡ֣ҾȻ֪ôҪ
ʱһ˹ӵݸС
ʲôʵƤҪġ
֪һ˲ŲĹٻ˵ֻ˻ˡ
ã
˵ƱݸСԼƤӵİˡóֵݸ˼ࡣ
˭ʵ
ͷһۣ˵ˡ
룬ͷ
˵ӦǶԵģҿ·Ҳ񡣡
˵Żͷһۣߵת˻
ôˣʵ
˻ڿأúܣ˵ߵһ̯Ӹǰ档
˸СӴġ˵ŰƱͳ͵ͷūģòã
ð
תһȦûжˡȻǲڰʱҲǳ˱һѶ֪ݸȥ
ԶǸǵıӰߵ
ǹ˭
ǡ˵ˡ
ɵıӰĵŸǸٻ˼ҵĹԼȥȢءһֱҪʷϺ׵ĹûһĹŮ
ԼִȢǴĻʵλŮҲǲܵ¡
ɸൽ֪ݸſڣ֣һ֪˳
ˡ
ȥղǸ˭˵
ͷתˡ
Ǹ⣿ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ﲻԾ
һɵֱô˵ҲͲ׷ʡ
֪īȪԾƤ˲٣Цеسһǵļ￪ļˡ
ʲôʱҹ޽īʵ
ʲôҸҼҹ޽֪˵Ӧ˵ҸŹ
īˣյߣС˵ҼҸʮˣүԺС£㿴ҪҪǿǣ
˵ʲôأ֪һӾͺҸûʲôġ
»īɵˡ
Ҵ磿
֪ͷ
ʲôʱ򣿡īʵϲִ֪ܸϻۣŮҲ൱ԼҴһ𣬸ոպá
ֻ֪ǲ˵
˵˵ɡīյǰλĸ첲ʲôʱ£ô֪أ
ڼ÷ԷסЩӣ֪ȥԺͶһȥµĹԾˡ
ǰǼͯЩ£ԼԺӵĹ¡ᣬֺã˵һȥģҲ˵ôһ䡣
Ŷԭˡīָ֪һ£ֲǰЩ˵ҪϷ˸Ҵ䱻ܾˣ
֪ߵ䶼ˡ
Ϲ˵
īȴ˵ģҾͦõġҹĸ޵Ժأ޸Ҹ磬ܰԺӡͦõҿҹǳˣһʱҲӹٳԺá
û泤Զ֪˵
ôǳԶأīȰҲ檣ҿҲǸ־ߵĹְүӵ¼ˡҹǣӲãȻҷǱʸ֦ģֻŮôܣ
֪죬˵أ
ңīЦˣͶˡȹӳףҾͳޡ
ҲǼˣ֪ʵ
īͷ
үһƹĶӣҳ޺󣬾ͲүԺˡ
ī˵⻰֪Щ⣬æ͡
ҵĹأүԺ˶ޡһŮĴб˼һŮ·ˡ
ɸĵǸѾߣԼû˵Ļȫ˵ˡû˵Щ飬ȫ֪ˡ
ĺȫ͵͵ġ
Ǿ͸Ͻްɡ˵òã
ɺͷƿ˴š

ӡ
֪īվһۣǵĶԻλǲȫˡ
ǵġɰһСӼùݸ֪ʹīЩĵС⣬ЩƤӣûȥѹëȦܻǹġʣµĻϥʲôġ
л֪ī֮󣬾ͷԸ˴ˮ
緹Ҳˡλϴϴ֣ȵҲͲˡ
ϴ֮Ƽָҩָ࣬Ĩһء
ҩǹá˵컹еأͺˡ
࿴ЦݾûͣİԼŵˡ
ʱ߽ɸæΣﻹ߬ǸɺС
ˣʵ
ˡǸĶӣĪɽ
Ŷüë
ˡ˵ĪɽҲ̽Ϣ
̽ңЩ̫ףմŮװǱͨ΢ԵøһЩʲôô̽ġ
ԥһ£˼һۣ˵һֱҪĪɽǿˡ
ɷ˸ۣĵⶼʲô°
ˣʵ
СֻīɽҹҷųѾ׵ġ˵ԼЦˡ
ɵƯ˵һȥҴī͡
лˡ
Ժɿ˼һۡ
˭㶨ˣ
Ȼ֣Ǽڶ⻰·Ƶģ˿˿ġ
û𣿡˵ߵǰ˫ֻסļ򣬡Ҹ˵ĪɽȢ㣬һȰ췹
ͽӣ˵ø첲˼һ£߻˵˵
ϡһӶڵϣۣ
ɼθΪԼŪˡæҲȥ
Ķۣʵǲ̫ˣҪҪƣ
͵ſȥɫҲͲװȥչȥһ£˵ˡ˵õҩ
ƶ죡˵Ծɹеؿû£
ûС֮ɱߣԷȥ
ĪɽʱĸۡĻرЩ档
ȷǹǴĴ䣿
ǡ˵
Īɽԥһ£ǸʲôôǸȻЩûŸȥ룬ȥˣҲǹﲻǡ
ӡ˵СĻվҪ
Īɽ룬˵ʰʰҲȥ˵븸ˡУһ·
ԥһ£˵Ǳߣ
ùĪɽ˵ܸҲŴʵ۲һ֮                        
лҪ˵ƪһһplanBںĻϱŰġ뿴뿴ĻҾͷWB̵ͦģҲࡣ

 84 

ĪɽǸɵ, ֻΪƯóóȻȥ֮ǰ͵͵￴˸˳ͨš֪볯иŮװĴ䡣˵ԹλˣһӾ뵽һˡ
λТ̫ӵŮ, ݱŮ߹, ֲǻʵ۵ŮܸԼĵλǳ׵ˡ
ֻϧ, ĪɽǺõģȫһТֵ̫ֱӻ誻褵Ů޳ȥɣأ
˳Ȼ˰м, ǵ׵ĿΪӿƽҪ˲ٵõˡ֪ܿ뼾ȥӺ
ڰ˳һͷޡ֪ԼڳԴУѾ, ģҪٲһ
дųٳûлظ, Ѿ׷ԼˡΨһ, ǰ⵹Լλ
̫˕Fʱڸ¶, ЦŸ˵
, ʲǲɵˣȻӸĹϵ
ЦŰһݸϹ, ѹǮ
˕Fӹ֮ʶһȵؿʡ
ʣҲ߯˰ɡ
ɲȫǸġЦָһ£δСء̫ɲ͵͵
˕Fȵ̧ͷ
ܿﲻɣ¶˸ͷͱ³ˡ

ʡʲôʱ˕Fʵ죬ɶ¶ʮˡ
ǰսӵ˵ˣӦһ·˰ɡǱ˴ѩ·ϲߡ˵ǻҲˣǿ˹Աʱ򡣳˰˳ᣬҲһˡ
˕FͷǰջʺĻֿ˿ڡ
ǱҪҪʹ͡˵Ͼҷ򸾰üãǰЩֱ˳ƣҲ˲پš
ҷֻͣһֱûлᣬ˕FĻǸѡ
ϦӲ˹ȥɡ˵⳯Ȼ˵Ƕ֪ȥӺֻ֪ʲôȥġҷ򸾶ǰ׶ʹͣҲá
ãҲҪʹ͸̫үһ͹ȥ˕FЦ˵СӶÿģʲô뵽ǰͷ
ǰҲ̾ǰЩҪСҸˡСҷߣȻҲǽʳǵûлʼø󡣡
ᵽѻ۹˕F뵽ҪȢ飬¶ǻʵĸͷ
Ǳˣ
һЦ˵ôܣŮҲǻʼҳô͵ǿຮ֮ǰڻƶҲӲûһŮֽǱУ
˵һڲ衣
ΪʲôҪȥӺĵΣ֪ͱǰϱӣײʢǰֻȡ
ɿˡ˕F˵֮ǰ˵ԪҪȥƻᣬ£Ҳ֪ܸܲϻƵʱ϶ֵ̫߿ȥ
ԼҹŮӣ̲סҲЦˡ
ǲֵܼʹɷȥ
˕Fһüë˵治֪ǹֵ֪ܸȫһ
ôŷɷɣ֪ĸ״˵ԼҲЦˣˣȥĸǱưɡ˳ĸ˵һһȥá
ּ
˕FѧϷ˸񣬾ʹȥ˰ʵ鷿ְѰſһ顣ϣһ˳Ҫϴ˶Ĳ
ɸһðŷѩ¶ʮŵ˺ǡƣۣ
վͳϦˣںǴհɡ˵ôҶԶٺõģһգҲꡣ
Ҳеס֮󣬱ӹȥԸƹһòˡ
ߣŹ䡣ɴӰǱ߻Ц˵
⼸ƣۣȥߣ⻰æͷ
ȥĶأʵ
ȥõĳӡ˵ˣҪðһѲǡȥƣ˵ˣǮ˼һһ˼ңʱҪͷ
꼾˼޽ӼүһǮ⻰˽ӣһȥϰߡүҪ飬궼˵ӹŮ
ðɴ˴멾͸ȥֻ˰֪īʰ
ģһĻЦŸ֪˵
֪ȻһŮװ˵ԾɸСүƵģ̲סЦˡ
ͷˡ
ָһ£͸˳ȥ
ǰոټϽǸ꣬ɸţо۾
ȥ巻˵Ȼȥ硣
ɵͷǵ磬ǳ
巻Ļ۾ɸ˽ǵϾ֪Ǹ˼ңæ뵽¥ַԸһò衣
λѡѣ˵ŻЩΪѣǺǵطСٺõĶ벻λۡ
޷˵ǹûؼҹ꣬ܵӦӦǡ
Ϊ˷㣬˸˷٣Сֻ»򸾡
λԵȡ˵Сȥá
װɶ
࿴һۣȻֻһ仰ֱˡ
ѡһɫٵϰһٺɫĽ˿ȹּһۺɫıȼס
ûкõģ˰ɡ˵
߿װͷ
Ҿ㴩ɫÿ˵
Ǿġ
ǰŵƲ˵һ䡣
պϲҴʲôҾʹʲôҲС
ɵһۣһ¡
Щӻǰɣ
С󵨺ţӣȴЩ
ˣᳪأ˵ͷҳ
ɰһۣ˵Ͻˣ
һҲżλһǸ˼ңҲһǵõʹ;ٲˡ
˼۸񣬵Ʊ˵ʣµĸƳԡ
ƳһۣÿҪˣ۳ϵģºüӣ㹻ͷġ
лλˡЦŰ˳ȥˣҸλȰݸ꣬ףλӣ
лԡӦõ졣
һȻϹЦһͺˡ
ǻƺ˵˵㻹ӻΪ֡
ȴļ˵
ôǺ˵˵أȥͶףת¾ͳˡҲǣ
ɰһۣȴҲ˵Ļһ£˾ȥӡ
֪ζ¥Էʱ򣬼ԼѾ಻ˡ˺ööණ֪ī϶С̲סҡҡͷĵԼպöϵĲУҪȻպ޹ٻױඪ˰
ЩҲΪۣں⡣̲סͷϵӡʮ꣬䱦ʱڵ˰ʱˡ
ţ˽
ˣǣЩȡ
վǳϦȻ·ϣҲùꡣ˵ҽոСģôܵôȹ
⻰ϸЦݡλǸʮĹóԺֺô硣
лˡ룬ͷϵժҲûʲô͵ģµʱܰ
Ϊɲ֪ţϺܿʹɵݣĵⶫԼҲûã顣ԼȥˣҲӦԼĶӡ
ɾЦŽӹͷϡ
лˡ
˵˼лɾͻصȡӣ˰죬ذһ¡ȻǿĵġɴͳһֽţȻɽĵ褵֡
̲סЦ褵ӿ󣬵֪ȥĶˣȻԼ˽Ǹ˲ţ
лҪ˵ǲŰˡһķ⡣ġӡҲĳˣŰȷʵ̫ʺӿڡ
ղվͻдµġ

 85 

ŵһ, Ȼһš²Ǳɵˣ˳ôûе, ֻǸ, Ǽٵġ
֪˳ô룿̲סЦˡɰϵݣݵһóҲ޷Ʊ˰ɡ
ŵȥҼ࣬ô, Ӧû·˰ɡ
ķڸڣƿţִīվš
أ
īָָ䣬˵Ӳء
, 첽˽ȥ
ղŻúõģôˣڼǰʵ
ûʲô¡ǳ˵, θۡ˵Ѿöˡ
ϸɫ, ˵ǲǸղžͲ
ͷ
ΪʲôղŲ˵Щ, ҲңҪҹ, ʲôʱ򣿡
ˣ, Ҿ㵣ġ
ɰһۣҲ˵
ˡ˵ȥҴīҪ
ɻǲ, ȥī˵껰֮ſھߡ
ҡ˵
ɵһֲۣģһӹīݹӣ˻ȥ
㣡
ӹڻɵ֡
أʵұ֤Ժʲôˡ
ģ˵
С
˵֣һ˵Ҽպ㣬ͱһֻڹ꣡
ɰһۡ
ûΣ˵֮ϸƣ
á˵硣Ѿûˡ˵յɸǰҪǲţھͱתȦ
úЪšɸ˼һָͷҸղŷԸīˣϸ׼档
Ͳˣʵ
ɺؿɻ
ѵҽ
ǡ˵걧סҼǵСر𲻺úġ
⻰۾ˡ
ŶǰС
شʵǼ
̲סЦĹ죬˸鶼÷࣬ǴС
֪ݺᣬҹһΡ
ý㡣쳸Ŀڸĵõ죬Ҹҹһ鶼ûСϲˣϡ
ɻǵ쳵ʱӣϣ۾ķ·ǡ
á˵Ҵ˵Ů̫ʡˣҲͶˡ
͹ˣַģҲͲˡ֮ͷѲɲ˻Ҫڳ𣿡
ıӣסԴɾǴ֪̫֮ˡɶ£ֲ¶˼
Ժһ˵
ҿɼסˡЦ֣̩ʮ¶ʮգǿɱ𷴻ڡ
֤ᡣɵļ򣬡û˵ղŹʲôء
ִӻͳݸ
Ǹղȥ·ʱҵġһֱͷϵ˵Ǹ˿ƻʱ˵ҴţֻǸӣһȥþòŴ򿪡
°˳޷Ʊˡ˵˵Ǽٵģôģ֮ǰһ·֤ϵݣû뵽һ֡
Ҳͷ˵ⰲǴϧô˵طˡ
Щ䣬ͷ
ϣϿ˽ᡣ˵汼оˡ
⻰æǰ˴գ˵Уôò绨˽֮Ҿȥʥϴͻ顣ճζ࣬㱻˵ȥ
ƯТ̫ӵŮ֪һѵϸȥסǲץȥô죡
𣿡ͷ򼾷࣬ҿҪЧ³³ۿġ
ôᣡڻ㰡
ЦЦ֣ʱ÷ɿ졣תۼǳϦϣ¯ӶӷڼһûС
ˣʵ
ɵͷ
СʱÿҶرŻң˵곤泤󣬾ǿžŵʱ˵Ŵ˸ǷҲ֪úòã
൹˱ˮݸɣ˵ô᲻أʥϿ϶ʹͣ常ĸзūǣ϶ͦõġ
Ǿҵﲻ£˵
ЦŰڻ˵ôˣūĴ׶Ҫԡ
һصͷ
û
ʱһʱԼ۾ˣæ
˯ɣҲȥˡ
ɴŹǷͷ۾ˡ
һߣϿԼҶӣĵЦˡ
ôˣ̤ʵ
ҷϣĸūǰ꣬ЦͶϲ£
ֻϧߡĸŷū˯֮Щ˵
ү֣˵⺢־Զûү˵֮󣬻ܼڴµġͦõģ
ҵʱ֪áֵ˵Ҿ
˿ˡүޣ˵ˣ˾ͻˡ
巹쳴ʱ𷢴Ҳ֪ʲôʱˡ
ԽϣԽůμӣ·;㽥³һ죬뼾һˣǳ͵ؽǡһûжֱͣӱ巹ȥ
ףһˣẬ۾ôˣڿТ̫Ӹ籨ˡ
˵ǰİ㣬֤ݣŰʵ
Ϲͷ
ػʵۣҩܸ̫ҽԺԵ֮⣬ӻ˳ĵѾˡ
ɵͷæѵݸߵС̡
ӹϸƣȷʵģϸһ˿΢Ц
֮أ
һگ˵Ȼ׷鵽ĺ֣ĿΪ˳һ·
ϲ
֪ǷＺگĶ
֪˵ƫİǸ񣬰ѷͷת¾ܴ򿪡
һţĵȻǸˣ˶з̣ȻܰѰóšͷܴ򿪣ɼǲ˾Ӧ
ǹճᣬɸ˵ʵ
Ͽ˸ͷ˵һʮȫ𺣣ֻʣһСӽһ˵ȥ󳯻ˣʱˣֻҪܰλӳҲҲԸġ
Ǻá˵⼸պúϢʱ򶨻Ը
Ű㣬ȥ֮󣬿뼾ࡣ
ˡ
΢ҡ
ɽմװһүȴۡСӦѧѧܼңдд
մ󳯻ᣬ뼾һͬϳ˵Űϡ
̧ͷȥԥһ¡
ʥϣǻʼҵ¡棬вٻʼ
Цˣ˵Чۿڴ´ȥͱڳ˵¡ң˳ڳ͢һЩ˵ģ˵Ҫһ
룬Ҳ⻰˵úܶԡ
ȥúϢ˵գһ̣
ס
ԽٽɷԽšһ峿û·žǰԼЦһ¡뼾ŰϲϸϣŽƹ¥ӶŻس̫ȥ
ٹ٣һ˻߹ȥɵЩɺȻǶ֪뼾Ҫʱżˣɼ˲õĴ¡
뼾ಽĲһԵĳ̲ס˽ڽ˴д
΢ɡ
΢ࡣ
ߵʵۡ                        
лҪ˵Ӧûһ

 86 

̫, һڴ󳼿ɴԼͬס
ǿһ󳯻, ɴԵ, ģͷڣϵ
㱼䣬ЩϳǷ·ص˶ʮǰ, Т̫Ӿͦص߽绪
һϳǶһ飬Т̫һģһ˭
˳, 亹乡ֻ֪뼾Ѿˣû뵽Ȼڴ󳯻Ϸѣֲ, һ׼ûС
λڻˡ˵ˡ
ʥ, Ѿˡ˵, λ
ϳǼڵϵˣЩ⡣뼾ȥ, ֮ȥӺ, ֻΪ
ŹڵµˣָŰϣ˵˵
Ͽ˸ͷ, ڵϣ̬ǫ
ʥϣū̫ҲѹǰĸϡТ̫ӳ֮ѹԼ֮ǰڶ֣Т̫Ӳ̫ҩֽ֮õĻ⣬Լݷŵ֮Т̫Ӿܾڿƽ۸ǰ
ļ˵˵
˳ǰŰϾһš
˵أ
ϱ˳ߵڵأĨĨǵѪƫͷŰ˳
£ûӰɣ
ȻһЦ״ȡ
ʥϣТ̫գΪòʱȱеĲţҲѹˡֻûü֣ͱТ̫ˡ
˵ֿ꣬һ۰˳
²ţȥƫµİ񣬿ɻѹΪ˱ȫдＺگ
⻰æȥȡ
˳֪ĸＺگô͵͵ط飬Ҳûҵ
ϼ褱ʧ񣬵ͷ¶һ˿΢Ц
һˣذһеݸӹ֮ʸ
øѹＺگ֮ûһˣ־Ȼ쵽˶Ǻñ¡
ʥϡֿһͷȫһʮڣӣȫѹڣз𺣡֪Լأӣֻʵۿ˵ķϣӶһ·
˵ֿ꣬һۣͷϵӴ̽Լĺ
ҽ˵
˻æѰ̧ȥһҲЩ㶣û뵽ϻ
ϡ˳ʱҲ侲ֻǼһ֮ʡ
̧ͷһۻʵۣ΢΢ף˵
˳Ȼ˵⻰ǰһ֮ʣǲ˵Ļǲһ֮ʡ
˳ɣò·Т̫غһ𣬲ɵûһݡ
㾿˭
ЦЦϡ
˵ɡ
˳ܲʶҡ˵調϶ʶҡ꣬һ·׷ɱҵݣûҽջ
һ¾Ϳɣôô̵ӰЩȫ˵ġ
˳΢ʲôЦ˵ǿƣ
ڴɵĻʼТ̫ӵĹϵТ̫ȵȥݣѲλµģʵ۾ȻûĴ٣Ҳ̫ܰ
Т̫С誵Ķ֡СزӸλСֿܡϼ˵ȥݣȥ˻ӣСȥݡ˭֪誽ƻһ·׷ɱӡݺϣ޷СŵӱߣԼȥ׷
ڳϣ塣Сں£ʱͣ
׷ٻʱ򣬷СѾһ˱⣬ʱ䳤ܻᱻ˷֣Сڱ˼ңܱȫأĸߣҲܿ˵꿴һۣʥϣ֪С˭
ͷ˵֪ȥ¿״Ԫɡ
⻰һڣڳһⶼʲôôȻӻʡ
ɼ˳ԼҲš̹Ȼߵǰ˸
лʥˡ˵΢ĸƣȥȲ΢Ůװ
찮䲻Т̫ӵŮı
˳仰ҪɵݶЩģҪ˵ͱˡ
ʼѪɻȥԺ
Ȼô˵ǳѾ϶Т̫ӵĺӣǳʵ̫ˡ
˿ѾʮüˣҴҵظϹ۾ʪˡλТ̫ӵģ
ϣ򲻿ɱɱΡ˳ȻӦ˵
ɼ˵Цһ¡
ҵȲǱ۾֮Ҳ޹ءȽһ£ɽЩʿ˳˽ҲͰˣȻʿͼıΪΣ
㲻ҪѪˡ˳˵ɽҺ޹ϸ𡣡
Ŷ˵Ŵӻͳһݵ棬֡
褿ǷݵסˡǷݵúõزڸô
ĵôҷֵİɣЦ˵ҸɣǸǼٵģģ
û뵽Լеļıɴˡһʱ߳ŭ˦νͳ̹ȥ
ݣ
褽Եһѽ͹ȥˡ
һС˲ϣȻոǿԾɱ褴˼
ֱûţɼԼˣ̲ס
ڣס褡
ȥԺ˵Ժ
˽⵽Ƣ꣬ôһһһذҵ߳ŭ
ˡƫɣϴε˻ûأ
ƫͷһۣ˵ãǻˡ
ҽŮҩۣ۵ֱüͷ
ʲôá߹ȥסžۡ
û¡ɵͷ˲䣬վͺáӦûˡ𣿡
ô಻ƫˣıӣ˵ʲôأ
Щ󳼶ɵ˰ɡЦ˵ȻǸŮġ

̫лЩ㶡ӵݹվ˳
΢ϲʵһТ̫Ѫ
ڴŷӦҲ
ΪνǹҶǻʼѪ˵΢ãЧ³³ۿ
ơЦ˵֪ڰк뷨
֪һһͣ뷨Ҳɵ˵
΢ϲʥϡ
ƫ˿ڵʱǰѾǰ̶ˡ
󹬣ʺĵʵεǴ֪ȳ֡תһ룬Ǹӵɡ
Ϣʱ򴫵÷ɿ죬·ǽ˵һתۣ֪ˣڹԺҲõϢһתȻ׼Ҫ˭ˡ̾˿ϣѻ֪Ϣ֮Ҫٷɵ
лҪ˵ڶ

 87 

ɴ˿, ˻ʺ˴Ůװֻص̫, żʱ, ס֡
תͷ˿ͷЦһû˵ϿĵСһ㶼ɵⲻĿŵظг, Т̫ŮԼδˡ
һ·߹ǿ˼㶯̲ס͵ЦС, һס
ڳǣ߽ǶˡֲûʵüСӸһ±ϣѾ·ˡ
ͲΪ, ֣쵼ϡ
ҷ򸾱, Ľ̵, Ҳд塣֮ǰ˰˳ƣЩš, ͷɡ
ڳҲ, ǰλλãТ̫кܴϵʵ۾ҵҵʮ꣬ʿ, ѵһأҲȥɡ
常ĸߵлʥϡ
⻰ȻǫǼȴһЩģôĵ͵øĿڣ϶ˡ
鶼ˣ˸ףݸ˾̡̻⣬Ҫڣ಻ˡ
ʥϡǰһ˸񣬡΢
ǰˡЦ˵ŻҲ͡
棬߬߬ģֿ˿ڡ
ʥϣ΢Ҫʹ͡
ŶһüҪʲô
ͷһɣǹԽԽϲ
΢ҪȢ
Ц˵׼ˡ
ףʵǹ⼷أ
Я߳תͷһ̫һ飬ڽˡ
ص£Ϣʹˡλʯɼɽ㶵ؿû˵
ʲôأȥʵϱ
˭Ҳû˵ǰʯ˵ϸɣҸղž͸ҪҪÿ۾һҲСһˣȻûƳǸ
һЦҲ˵Լ鰸ǰ
ƳˡΪԵá
ǡ
ʯ˵￴һۣﻹƯ˴ԼЩƳмʲô£
鴫ÿ죬ܿǾ֪ˡǶµûãѾ߰˸汾ÿһ
£ȥΣʱЦſ⻰ӿֻܱ࣬ǻ书˵˵ѾٵĴˡ
Ա߿˱ݸȻԼҲЦˣǰοɰ̨˵ǰɷһ۾߰˳ʿ
Ӳݳڽߡɽմһ۷ɫĶ̰Ĳ˼֧ɫƤѩףɫĵ·һ۵ÿҪγˮˡ
ȥҹɷˡ˵
ΪʲôʵҲûʲôϵ
ıӡ
ôûУڸĿ
ŷӦ˵ҷ˸ҽĺһ𣿡
ǡʵϵҡҡͷùһ㡣
ɰһۣתͷȴ̲סЦˡڻ˵̫Ȣؼˡ
ʱӭ߹ˣ֪Ҫ򴺽֮󣬿һۣҲû⡣
ĹּˡһߵǰΪڡ
ɿһۣ΢Щ죬ȴ벻˭ӣ˵λǣ
ӡ̣˵Ӻ
ɻȻᣬôﶼ
ˣĪɽΪģӺҿǶԹ
Ͳǵˡ˵
Ҳ֣һֱںĳ͹ˡ
ǻ飬ǡ
˵ֻĪɽԭءϵİָ˼
ң̫үһߺȲһ߽Сء
ȻŮװμӿƿ۾֮ӣΪҵ֧ȣҲΪĸǣƵһТ֡δڼ䣬˲ٰӣǹ֮
ǣҲûйڳְ͢İ˵ϣ
̫үûס߹ȥСԴһ¡
ǸľԴŪ̫ۡү˵˦˦˻ȥТ̫ӵŮʵЧ³³³ۿõĽʷɵ˲ɣ
ͷЩؿ̫ү
ǰΪʥãڿǸûʵۣ֪ˡ̫үƲһۣľԴʷǺʡ
ף˵¡
˵¡̫үһۣʵҲãȻȨƺ֮һ֡⳯ϣۼǴͲ˵ˡʺȻлˣΪТ̫ĹϵлмʵȨģĸǼң㿴˵Ĺְռġ
룬ͷ⻰˵û
̫үһڲ裬ڡ
ڷңǰСҹƷС֪ˣʵʾأǰ볯ʦТʺĸסһʵǳȵˡ
תת۾˵ʲôϵ
̫үȻСͷһãǲʵĵġ
Ȳ˵ǹôСһġ˵ڼûжףð˭ҺʣȻǹǱȹλҪһЩ˵ʥҪ˭̫үʵ
һ£˭Ҷʣֺ˭Ҷʡ
𲻳ɡ̫үЦˣʥʵۿ˭ǵТ̫ϧܵܣǻܻܲǸ¡ԣʥ϶϶в٣ⲹҪ䵽ͷϡҸղҲ˵ˣ⳯͢ƽøոպãΪʲôҪأ
ػȻ
ȻǺҲıǼ׮Ƶˣң˵лʵںţҲƾһ֮⵹˰˳Ǹޣָ⳯͢ʲôأ̫ү˵꿴Сһۣ𣿡
лָ㡣˵
⺢ӾϲԼҺȾˣСү̫үЦ˵ǺǰЩ͵÷ٸҵһѡ
ץץͷĵүʱʱ̶̿һڡ
ĪɽصݣһͼĪ߽
ǻʵۿˣ
Īҡҡͷ˵ǻѾˡǻĶӣڽأ
ǰ̫ӵĺôʵ۲ԶԶذˣҪߡĪɽʵ
ǶˡĪ˵Ҳǽղ֪ǻʵ۸Тֵ̫һĺӣȻҪߡ
ĪɽԼĴ㣬ֲڸǰ¶ֻñտڲԡ
ָҪȢʵ۲ӦڵŪﻢ£ҲȢˡ
ҲͰˡĪɽ˵ԹԭȥĹŮ˴Щʣûʲôô
Ǿ˰ɡĪοӣеǺùȥϸѡί㣡
лĪɽȢɣһҲǿԵġ
лҪ˵վһ˫

 88 

ɵ鴫, ϷˤһԼϲĲߡǫһôϣû뵽һӾȻԼƤӵŪ
˺ǫ, ЩȴҴಡòȥԺеϢΪС, һ١϶Ϊٿ˹ȥԺû뵽ɾȻŮӡ
֪һ϶΢һ, Ϸˣҵӣûˡ
үſ˿ڣҲţûиùϵ, ۼڻл·𣿡
Ҵүı֪ϢŲˡڴϣɫơ
˵öԡү˵, һҲˡ˰ûе, ôǿҲûá
ү˵úǡ˵, Ů˲豭ݵǰүȵˮ
үŴ˵һ, ˵ϴǱˡϵ, һһ㡣Щӣ϶ŽʰɡҸĸ׶ˣ˵ϴ̼
ǡ˵, ϶ϱȥҲùܵ˹ȥصء
Ӧˡү˵ǫܺǰţ˵պ󳤾ߵĲҵȫȫۼҴֻҪ󡣡
ү͸ӦóʱҸùϵǡΪ£˵Ӳ
үͷ
֪ǫܼҵӣ϶ȥɣҿ϶ϱһ֣Ǳ϶Ҫǿࡣ
Ҫ˵϶ϱӵ£λء˸̾һ£ǸСͲһ㣬룬Ҳѹ֡
˰ҪΪơү˵Ҫ֮ǰҿ˲Ծһ䣬϶ȥ׼ұţۼھͳͬˡ
˵ͷҲһ¡
վȥ㡣˵ŰүǺñӣҲſ£㷭ƪˡ
ݣɣЩЦ
⺢ţǼ˲ɣ˼ôšأЩ֣еҲã常ĸҲգǸƺô常ĸˣǾͻܲأ
ҾǾñŤ˵Т̫ǱĸףǵôͲˣ
ɵӡ̲סһָͷǳƺиģʲô˭ܹ㣡
Ц˵ĸ첲ȵؽ
ԴŮ˻Ӹ·ȻûǴٷ˼ң˾Ͽ촩ŮװĻ˵߰궼ûˣúúҲС
Ÿնã·ÿղĴѾܵˡ
Щ£ȥ˾ˮ֡˵԰ǺҲýӻˡ
áЦ˵ԽԽأ
Ҳͽְˡ˵꣬ͳˡ԰Ǻӣ˲ٿͷڼٺҲüˡ
⻰Ȼ˸
ˡ˵һֱס
˵Ķͷ˵ɲСӻͷۼҿмܲס
ң
˵꣬ȴˡ£ȥ죬Ϊ˴ԼĿһٿһ㡣
޵ʱԵҲܣױҿ϶Ҫ㱸˵ġ˵ô꣬ۼˡ
׻ǼʡһЩɡ˵԰ó޻ñһݣūպ󻹵Ȣأ
ЦŰĦĺ󱳡
ҲأǲȻǸְٺ»ġЩӣȻٲٳ֣Ҳ˳·ҴλӣǸʵˡȫϢأۼ֡һҲǮأ
ɵͷѾйְȷʵٳ洦ӵˡ
ūڻСպָŽôʿ˵꿴һۣģܲ
ɴպūɾͽˡ˵׾Σ
룬ͷ
ҲáūŸһꡣ꿪ɣʱ򣬹Ҳˣ÷ߣͦõġ
һͺˣʲôޣûأ
һգɴȥ˾ˮ֡Ϊȥãմؾˣһ·ɽҲ˲Ŀ⡣
ʩ롣ˮֵס˵Ű˽ȥ԰ںԺ
˽ȥͿ԰Ժվš
Щýݵžͺá˵ǰֽݡ
ﻹǰһΪãһɫ߶ûСɫĴᣲͬɫ죬ԵؾˡֻһֻҤİ״ƿֻŵļ֧÷ԵЩʻ
ûʰ𣿡ɾȵʵǰЩ͵ûӵ
԰ҡҡͷ˵ӵˣֻҲߡ
Ϊʲô˵ҵݴ£ҲͲܿˡ
԰룬ӿĹȡһֽݵɸǰɲ̯֮󣬷滭ĶһФӲǱˣǼࡣ
ǣ
԰
ǰʱ򣬽԰԰ŵʱƼ˼ӡһۣͿȥˡ԰˵ֲɵδķФҲǸЦˡǣֿƲסԣǲɽĺáסţܾġ
ɵָһ԰㣬µжɣ
԰֪Ϊʲôʣʵʵشˡ
Сʱ֮ǰֵǣǼһ
ôܿ϶Լһϲӡ˵ǰ˵Ӻ죬忡ŮҼ˸Ӿˡ⻰ҲҲԡ˵֪ɫĽٰ֮顣ͼ˼һˣֻǾòɫأ
԰⻰һ죬Ƕͷ˵ĵ⻰Ҳûλӣû˵һ䣬ֻǾÿأ
˳ǣҲҪȥʵġɼ˵ңҲǾҪŵġʱ֪Լǲϲˡ˵ͷǻԼӶģҿǲõġ
԰ס
԰Ҳʮ꣬һֶû˽̵뷨Щƫˡɵϲʵʵ˵ӡܱЩؼҪǿ
԰ɻصңס˸׼СԺƽʱ͸ѧܼҡˣͻصԼԺӲ
֮ǰѾ˵ְ԰߿һۡ⺢ӣҸ̹Լ˼صִӣɼƷôţԽģѰһźס
һȽڣɸԼȥ̤࣬ͬȥĻСӡСѾ½ҹ룬Ͱ԰Ҳȥ
£λ˭Сʵ
ȻѾϣǴһϰ߽ǰ֣ͬŸͬ꣬ϲ֡Լǲ⣬Ǹ֣Ǻģʲôһ
á˵¡
ǰգ԰ַ̫أС̫ɻ䣬͸¡£ԵǻԵɺϣôܳһأ
Ҷ֪ҵ飬֪λס˺öĹ
λҲƯأ½С½һ˵ᣬ׼ˣ϶޵ġ
㵱˭һ½᯵ֳ½һĶͷ߻
½ᯰһۣתͷȥԼδķ
ˣ
ʱŮݣĵشһѡ²뼾ߴջԼժ˽Ұ˸
ɡ½һ˵
ûˣһ
ŵˣ½Щ˼ץץͷ
¸æҡҡͷ˵ǣֻ֮ǰϰ߾ˮֵˣ䲻е㲻̫ϰأ
ϲֻ徻½ʵҾ徻ͦõġ
Ż룬˵徻ȻãЩӼ֣Ҳͦõġ
š½Ҹæͣ徻ȻãǾҲϰߣҲͦõأ
¼̲סЦˡ½Ҿ÷·һȪﻮϲý
ҽ㣬磬ǿ硣½ָ½ЦŶɸ˵
˶ɵӣһ۾Ƴ½Ҷ˼һ㡣
˵ǰ䡣˵½ӺþҿǸãҲǸˡ
ҲЦˣӦ׸Ȣ֣Ե֣ô                        
лҪ˵һڶԺ󣡣

 89 

ɼϲŷ, ֻϧŲ㣬ûܼҪˤͷ
ȹ治㡣˵
һ, ˵´ٳ洩װɡ
Ҳ롣˵ȹ, εһصŮŲҴأЩӣƼ·ɣҪ˵ˣ¶, ûصġ
Լϲ磬״ᣬȻҪŮúôһС
ûϵյǰȳˣ봩ʲôСҲС
ɼԽ˵Խ, һ£۵üг
ٺ˵Ҿʹˣ
ɼ, ûûƤǰִ˴ա
㵽ʲôʱң
Ҫʥϵ˼𣿡һװɵҵ˼ҵ, ҪʥϷźá
ļ, ˵ʥϻǿ˼ڴ㿪, ˼Ȼȥˡ
ɼ˵óϿ, ȻЩġ
Ȼ˵׺ڳãСأʵ
СҲȥð˵ʷֲû, ۿʮ˵ġڣȥǼӣΪƵġԣġ
룬Ҳмֵ
ԣòãӣס
룬ŵһڶȴ
̫ˡ
౧ɣԭתȦһɣݾͷˡ
㿴ݷˡָ˵㿴
˾ͷ£ݲҪŷɵģ
ѵüСŮ̬øɰͷһ¡
ᣡɵһۣȴⶼˡ
ʱ߹һˣһݣ󻹸һƯ
λӣķݸҼҹķݲһˡ
ɸæӼ໳Ǹˣֿ˿Ǹ˳㡣
ѻ۹˸
񡣡ѻ۹˵ȴ򼾷࣬ķݣ
ǡ˵øɴ࣬͸ġ
Ȼѧ˲٣ǹ˼һЩתġ˹Ժһֱѹ˼ûšһ档
Ǳ߷ŷأָָԶ綼ڣɷɽҲڡһȥкɡ
಻ɵӣɣ˵ȥ£ɷǰЩӻ˵Ҫأ
һţ˫߬ýġ
㣡ɷɼˣѷһ˹ȥֲղҳ棬ԭǸɳˡ
ƶ죡֣㻹ûӦҸˡ
Ӽɣ໥֮䲻Ǽ򵥵˸˭Ҳ˭߹٣αذüء
Ҹ˵ǼҵķݣŴŹ˹ȥġС˵ĸ˵ڹûڡ
ɿһۣ˵һֱڸѧ𣿡
ΡƲƲ죬˵ˣ̵ܽӿɽ̲ˣ˭Ҳ˿ӸⰡ
̲סЦʺ˵˼
硣һ˵ÿһ𣿡
ܡ˵ѹһҪ¡
Ҽӵǲɵ⻰˵»عҪˡ˵Ѿ˺üŮŮˡ
־ְɡ˵Ҳһ𡣡
ĸķ˵أĸġ
˵䣬½ҸҲˣǴСһ浽ѣյһ𣬸֡
λǣָʵûأ
á˵ŮװЩ꣬öҹŴС
ƣֲãһС
ý㣬ɻûأ˵ȻѾóˣӦú̵ǡ
ɿһߵŮʹ˸ɫ֪ղѾйˣֻ̫࣬ûˡ
Ϲ˵˵ҹйˣû
ﲻʹ죬쳵ĻӲˡ
ûҲй񰡡
֪մҲ磬ҲŮʹ˸ɫǰ
Ȼѻ۹Ǿȸɡ˵ղǱߣѻ۹ֱֱؾվҸǰˡ
ƾʲôʵƷǹǿ
ɱСƽϣ֪¸պӱ䱾ټֶԼ⣬ɸӲˡ
ݣǹ٣Ǵ䰡㲻û͢٣̫󡢻ʺ󣬼󹬣񡣡
㡭һʱ㲻
Ķˣʵ˵
Ǵ仹Ϊʣ˵Ҹڳ͢㲻Ǹ
⻰̲ס˸ۣ˵ûӱͲã˸˸һ롣
⻰˵˵ҵʱȻŮװ״ԪʵʵġڴµǼӣҲȥģǲţҼ˵ˣɶأ
⻰һʱסˡ⻰һڣǾ˵ʶ˲
˼ס飬󲻵þ󲻵ãǿû塣
һţĬĬظ˸ĴָԼպҲҪݺݺ࣬һҪָܡгɾ͸С
һһߵɸǰס֡
ûҸո˵ˣ緹һðɡǰͤӡ
أɵͷã÷羰ܶһЩ
ıӡ
è
һ𣬶ˣ첻춼νҲһлҹﳣĸߣԷҲЩоǸĵһָżི֮ǰȤ¡
ʱҵϣϽȢҡ˵˵˶ˡ
⻰ɿ򼾷ࡣ
ģ
ͷ֪ǹģԼҲû
Ҹ϶˭;۲ǴϣҸȥײ˰㡣˵ЦˣʱǻΪǸأ
ɵɴ۾򼾷࣬ϵЦͣͣ
أ˵ɷɸϻҸǰģ֤Լ˵ȥʱݻûǽҲɣҲɣˡǲ˵ʲô
˶ҡҡͷ
˵żǱ֤˵ȥģˡ˵̾˿ָǣΪҺҲУûƼЦð춼ֵˡ
⻰ҶЦһţǻһ£һȷʵչĶࡣ
Ҫ˵۾Ҳ涾˵ҰصôȻˡ
ҲǼ񵽱˰ཾ˵ôõĹδӣ˸ˣ
Ҽ㣬֪ϲɣлСС̲סǱһ£һۡ
ȫĵȥǵøĸ˵˵ûŲ˼Եû˼úأ
лҪ˵Ȼʮ㣬û˯Ͳһ죬һǶˡ

 90 £׽棩

ĳǽո, ɽմֽۣ, ··һ, ȥժժһһޱߡ
ÿ𣿡ͷʵ
Ȼÿˡ
˵ֵıӣΪ̲סüͷӣԽÿɰǽ˶, 촽ʹչȥˡ
ɼת۾æ
ʲô
ЦЦû˵߹ȥ־ͤߡ
մãȥߡ
Яߵ£һ΢紵, Ʈ㣬ͷ
Τׯ˼˵úã, ӻͷİ˭˵ָժͷϵĻ, , ˼⽫룬һҪȢ
һ֦һ, Ļ, ЦЩ֦ˡ
ô𣿡
򣬳żѻ۹ǱŬŬ졣
ᣡ
ʲôġͻּⶼˣܷʲô޷ǾǵѼ, һɣء
ɻ˵һ룬̧ͷż࣬۾Ǵ
ǲ֪ʱˣЩ˻᲻Ϊϧģͷ˵תͷȥȢͻݵҲ˵
֪ǿЦҲգڴ¶һˣһ֪˸սǻ˭ػƿԣ
û
˵ԼЦˣʱྭһȥȷʵûڿ
ɼϻǶԵġȻпԩҲͷ
˽УСŮԳһɺ÷羰
䣬ڻʺлߣһ֣߶߶ذѽյ齫
˾˵Ļһ䶼ûȥ˵Ƕˣ
л⻰ȵһۡ
㶼ˣ˵ûɻ䣡
ͷ
ĸǲ֪նඪˡˣҲˡǺαأ
лͷ˵Ȼ㸸߾ã㸸飬֪֮١㸸ʲ˵ֺαϸ˵ء
۾תһȦȻɴ۾л̡
ĸǹģ
л̵Ķͷ˵ҿ˾ĻҲûȥ١ôܽйأ
ǣ۾תһȦһһл
ĸҽɡ
лضŪԼϵĵֺһڲ裬Ųؿ˿ڡ
㣬Ҫˣ֪٣
룬˵֪ˣСʱ򰤹Ҷ֪
⻰л̺Ȼе뷭ۣ⺢ӣ׻һЩ
֪ϲʲôϲʲô𣿡
л֮æصͷ
֪ϲ⻹ϲ
²˵ͱлסˡ
֪ʲôʲô𣿡
һ£ҡҡͷ
ʵ֪һ˵ϲã򵥵ġл˵ߴˣ΢ϵģ֪ϲʲôʲôϲɫʲôǣҪ֪һľ¡ܴ飬ǿҪþõĹ򡣡
룬˼صͷ
Щأ˽һҪġϲģ㲻ҪᣬģƼ˾ܿУǶһ޶ġ𣿡
ƲƲ졣
ô鷳
ϲǸ˶ԲԣлͷȻϲĲҪ𣿡
쳵ͷ˵е
ǸߵŮˣҲãСҲա˵޵ʱ䳤֪㸸ʶТ̫ӵĸ飬ҲǣΪʲôҪϸȥأ
ǡ˵̧ͷл̣ǳ𣿡
л̼ԼҹŮһ̲סҲЦˡȻСڻʼңǵų󣬺ö֪
ôأлģϲĶù𣿡
ŶûУ˵۾ˡ
ⲻͽˡлЦҲԸⰡǣⲻûа취𣡡
ʲá쳺Ȼ˵ôݺݺࡣ
⻰ڰʵ˵˵סûСл̺Ȼ˵˾ѧôãҿҲûȥ١
֪쳱סл̵ĸ첲ڱĵطҿɲô˵
ĸŮ˵䣬Ϳߵ߹
ʺʥӸ˵һȥ
֪ˡл˵˵Ϣ
ظһ飬ˡ
ĸ󣬲ʲôɣʵҿһ춼ߺߵġ
л룬˵Ҳûáͻʥּˣȥ˼Ե˵Т̫ӵŮǳҵĹܡ
ǡԥһ£ǰĻ˵˳Ҫأ
л̲סЦᣬָ쳡
롣Ȳ˵ѻ۸Ҳң˵ǳˡûʼݵҲãŮŮҲգѧ˲֪ʲô
ĸ˵Ķԡ۵ؿл̣ҿ˾ĿβϣָͺˡˣҲ֪᲻ϿΣ
˵䣿лʵģ㣬ʱ˵˵̵ܽģҵҪࡣ
⻰Ȼֱ˿л̡
ĸϲ㣿
лҡҡͷ˵ǲϲǼɵ
ΪʲôǸ
л̱֪̫࣬ǼȻɹϵãܴǱ֣ǸҲ˵
ȻǸڳ͢㣬ͬꡢͬŽύң󲻵лңзҡҡл˵Ȼ㸸ĸȴ̫ӸĸǼҵĺӣûи̫Ӹ£мࡣ
л˵꣬ĵ̾˿
ȻֵܣǸλӵ̫ջˡʱС
л̵ʱ̫˕Fǧѡȴû뵽ôʱ仹ٻ
һӾˡ
½أʵ
½̫ĸңԶģûôл˵
Ҹ½ҽأ뵽յ飬ֿ˿ڡ
лһ¡
⵹ǿԣǣھһСޣ·أ
ĸ׾ͲóˡЦ˵հŮҲȥҿ½ӣˡ
½ӣлһ£Ҳǲԡûĸ׾͹ˣ½˱ô꣬ҲǴˡͷۣϲµģܸǸӽףҲһ׮
ĸ󲻳˰ɣл̵ӣû뵽ףôơ
黹أѧɡл˵꿴ӣʱҲˣҲˣȥϢϢ˯ɡ
š
쳸ŭ˽л̲⼸鲻ܰŪģǹĸŮ
Ȼĺۡǵģ󰲸ȴδЩ̫ƽ˰ɡⶼڼˣ
~
쳱ԼҸһ
ʱ䲻ˣɷɸϽعԺɡ˵պţԼȥĲҪ˼Ҳ飡
죬ѻȥˡɵˡ
Ҳʣ̾һͲӦðŵӣ
лҪ˵̸ֻˡɨϰ
Ҷۣܴ˫ܡҲܣֻҪû˯ܼ㶼˫

 91 

л̼, ù˶¡Լһ赽
˭ˣ˵ȥȥ
лԴǵģ, ǰЦˡ˿ڲ, ˵̶̫챻۸˶֪
ʱûԶ仰Щһӣĸ, ʺá
л̵һ£ͷ
ϸ˭˵лɣ
̾˿˵ȥǶ, С¡ǺӽҲʮˡ˵˵žͳ쵶ϡֹֿޣ˵Ƿɷϲ, ҾԲ쵶ķҲšϳԿ, ʲô
Ǹ, αظأл˵С, պӽ̵ˡ
һ, л̵֡
̫ˡЩӣһ˾úý̵ٳȥ棬ȱȥˡ
лԥһ, Ϲһ˿ǳ
Ǻӻ᲻룿
źأ˵ú÷ʡһ¡
лգһ۾ͷ
á
ҵ̶ˡ
˵Ͱл̱ڻõʲô㣬ôôš
ɫۺЯֽңһƬɷ˵ĺþ¡
һ죬ڶˬЩžӿ˿մһƬС
һѢˡ֪˵Űһ״ƿ˹
ϸƣ˵ǻãûôءֵüɿˡ
̰ɡ֪˵ŰѣһӾͺˡ
ϴ֪ҩĨϣ͸ҩģ˾
ҩ಻֮ǰõĶãģ
֪Цˣ˵ǹ˶¡Ƕ֮ǰģү˸ﶼһС

ˡ˵ȥ˷Ժӣն½ӵ˵˵½СӣݵҲϡ
ǡ֪æӦˣӾöѵáϲӾʹ󷽷˵סۼ֮ʹӣ֪񡣡
ҵиǰ̲ǣ˵ŰѸϵãôõĹƹŷô꣬סɱˡ
֪ˣ
֪˵Ŷɸƽ˹ϵ塣
ɵ˴£մ˿˰Ѿڳ
ǱԼҵĵճճףĺͷû룬˾ˡȻԼҵճಡγҲΪ˳ϲӹҲûǸزټ״Ź֣Լ˾ͱ˹١
ɷһżһü˵߰ɣȥ
á˵վɣǱ𴵷ˡ
𣿡ʵҵûôˡ
ϸس˵أҲע㡣ͷܡ
ʯһ߼ң̲סؿһɸ˰һ죬Ҵҵؾ˳ȥ
˵Լңִϲָոձ˺ɫĵûüϡ˼ǹүˣæžԺȥ
ԺѾһƬأүǶˣæǰȥ
λүҪС˵Ķһ仰˵꣬Ѿ޵
ɵͷߡһصԱߵһλʮĸˡ
үλǣʵ
شˣλС˵ӡ
ϸƣȻճӶˣԷҲʮͷǣ㳤ۣҲûġǹɫϵı֮ɫǲαɼġ 
ү¶ɻ󣬸æǰ͡
λС˵ļ̷Ǯϡү˵СͷӼǰȥȢһλˡ
ɵͷڳ
ɿˣ
ͷ˵ϢǲϲպۣڱǳҲûбסĺۼ
ǰд֤ʵļأ
شˣȮȻ첻㣬һֱಡûеġ˺Щƹ˵Ƣθ㡣ү˵
ˣǮϵȻǳϲȢ˸ɥǣ˸չţӾȥˣĻ˭
п˿ĵĸԼӣǻһݸ档ǣôôŹأ
ԹǰԹʲôùʲô߽ϿŹڵϵʵ
룬˵˶֮󣬷˸ͷƣˣֻšȵŻֺһţ黨֮󣬷ͺȻ˵ž͵ػȥˡ
˵̲ס
Ů£æȥǰԺү˭֪ȷү֮󣬷Ѿûˡ
룬ֿү
ԵĶǸһ
үͷ˵ϯ涼һġ
ָӣǳԵĶһô˶û£λɹأ
ߣȥʬס˵վȥͣĵط
˸ǰһֿʬүǮϣҲһ˹ȥ
Ǯϼƿŵİײ̲סһɶ飬
λ£
Ǯû뵽ɻһ¡
￴Ӳðɣ
Ц
үԷҲ⣬ʬĳǰǸ˵ָָ࣬ҷûأֲߴߴۡ
үԼҷһۣǮϴ
ҲƽϣΧʬϸ鿴
Ԫ㿴ָ¸첲ڲ࣬öȥǶ
߹ȥһۣͷ
ڲҲС
ֿĽģҲȫСһЩ㡣
ԹӿǶʲôʳﲻܣʵԹ֮
ûСǮһߺȻ˵
ɿһۣ˵ĸְͦ
ˣǮȻ˵ȷʵȮӶչˡү˵¾ûģȮӵĸ׿˵ǮǸüĸ
ֿһǮϣĵ½ʮˣλʮ壬ǰŵʱŶʮ꣬ôͶԼӹذмˣ
ݿ˵ʳûУС
˽ݣϸ鿴һõĲƽϣĸƽõĶ
￴˿ӽ֮ǰϲõǰţһ޵㡣
Ѭˣʵ
ͷӵġ
ǡ˵ϲ㣬»ϲ˵㡣
˵ĸһ˵Ųõľ㣡
ԭǮ˵ɥǣ
ҡæҡҡͷԼһѾ߸˵ϲҲõģû뺦
㻹Ʊ磡
Ǯ˵ǰ͸⣬ڵ
ĸҪ۸
ʱ߽һˣ೤ø߰˷󣬿ɼֵܡ
ԣүȵû˵ĵط
ǸԵȴûֱߵǰӰǵѪɾ
ˣĵȻı׷
ɸһ߶һۣԼң湻ҵġ
лҪ˵˯磬տ϶˫ġ

 92 

ɿǰ, Ƿ·һԣŵǸ, ·Ǹˡ
Ԫ, ȥ˵꿴ة￴ˣʲôҪ
ǡ
һȥ˳, ɿһȦ˵մӷţ黨˭ġ
ūһŴֲѵĸսս˵
ʣµ𣿡ʵ
СǸ˵ָɰ
뼾ߵǰ򿪸, ִչȥţ˾һЩЩζûʲôԾֽӹݹ, ԣһ㶼ûбڡ
ôʵ
شˡǴү, ˾ͷԸүţ黨дɽҩǸ˵, һǸүģүԲɽҩ, Ծûš
ҲԲɽҩʵ, Ϊʲô
үɽҩ֮ϻԣײɽҩǸ˵, һΣΪ»飬˵ɽҩܲ׼һЩ
뼾һۣͬ˼Լҵļ̷˸ӵĹϵҲ̫˰ɡ
ҷ˸ӵĹϵͦõġװ⣬˵һ䡣
ǰǸҲӦ͵Ƿĳɫɫ鶼óɫ˵ԴҲǹĵúܡСƢθöණ˾Ͳ̷˽ûգǵ
Ǽ̷˻ĳأ˵ˣ˭
λҼҶӡϸ˵֮ѹģҲǸĺӡүһ㣬ǰЩȥ֮󣬸ûˡ
룬˵Ǽ̷أ
̷ǰͷҵԶӣͶ֮Ҳû˹ܡ˲ż޸ү׸մ״ʣڶӣɲû˹ܡ
ɶϸ˵лżֻصԼҴӵԺӡǰϸһүл֪᲻٣
˿оϣүɶæʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ĿǰûС
϶ǮָŹڵϵ˵λ˴ؼΣ϶ʳ
ɿǮһۣҡҡͷ
ԷҲŮˣѵ֪Ů˽Σ͸ȥû黹ûۣȥΣʲô֤ݲɣ˵һ£ؿǮϣУ˵Ҳûͷ
м顣ǮָŹڵϵԼߵ˵
ĸĪҪѪˣԸæҸֹ񡣡
ˣǲֹ˭֪
⻰ͳǮȥһѣûס
Ǯϱһһ͵ϡ
ϣǮϺȻŶӺүۡ
ŷ֣ǮϵĶӣѾ͹·󣬸ղû
ӣүԾһţȥ
ˣҪҪУүΪ
ãǸղһ£öˡǮ˵ţظŶӡ
Էˣʵ
үͷ˵ǰ
ϸƣʵʲôʱ򶩵ף
ү⻰ˣ˵ȥʮһ¡
Ǯ϶ӿһۣЩ棺ôôͳˣأҪһʱ䡣
岻ãȥǴһ˵ˣøϽ׳ϲү˵ⲻϣ¡
֪ˡ˵ӵΣǵ飬ҵˣԺӸʲôҪ
أǮָŹڵϵʵ
λǴӵδˣȻҪš˵꿴ģҵû˻۸㣬úôš
ͷ˸
Ȼȥɶү˵ջϣԺûһٵģҲһ
λүġү˵Ҷ˿˵ġ
ɰڰ֣˵ҵҵˣ±Ժܲġʲôãʲôɾ˵ˡ
үЩףǮȴһ㶣ָ߬ӡ
뼾ҴţҪͱסˡ
λˡҴ£ĸûйϵ
֪˵Цһ£ûϵҲûϵȰһ䣬ϽȥԺӣ֮ǰиŹ˽ܵĶϽó㸸סȻԺӶˣͷʲôʱһҲ˵
һ£Ȼ׹һϣͻԺӡ
뼾˭Ҳû˵ĬһȻһ˿ڡ
̷⡣
ôġʵ
ɽҩ˵ҶԲͷĸ³Ūˣô긮ﶼͷԣ̷ϸ˵ܵ鶼벻
ɵͷ
˵Ҳе
أʵΪʲôΪ̷⡣
Ķӡ˵ҿƵˡǾ·ݻϵġǼңҪԼվȽŸһ̥ǹؼ㿴ʮһ·ŸӶףִҴææزٳһҲЪš
룬˵ղϸ˵ˣЩݹϵ֪ͼأ
ҡҡͷ˵ûע⣬Ǯϵı֮ɫɲ١սŵӣǸδˡ
סˣβŻع
˵Ǽ̷˸ԼҴӣļӣͨ
Ҿô²ѡ˵ңҲףǰͨΪʲôҪأ
ϧ̫ࡣ˵ݣҲһ˵
ĻǸ˸ѣЦűס˵лѣҵ˸У
㣿Щף˵ʲôˣ
ǲʣɲñ˲ʰ˵һǲȥԼ˶ų򣬿ƽնȥĶȻҲȥײ
ɵӣ̲סһ¡

ϣ׼˯Ȼа£йүţҲûбҪȥ
ʱ鷿жŵߵſڣ͵͵ȥ
һѾߣ鷿ǽĹԺȻɵĻתܵϣװ˯ˡ
ӣӡСѾ߽䣬ػ
ֻ˯
СѾֿһûж˳ȥ
һû·´鷿Ǹӣŵģùӡ
һ£³ЩҪһ裬ԥûԥͰǸӷŵˡ
չְ֮̿Ϩ𣬵ְ֮̿ȫ飬ȷûһ˿ۼϴɻشϡ
˭ߵԼϣڴշת࣬ĵջҪ͵͵λ˵˲źá
ԺǮСѾ߽ʵźˣ
СѾߵͷ˵ط˷źˡ
лҪ˵ң

 93 

ɸൽ˴, һ飬ԽΡ
, ˼һ, ģҲһ񣬾żҲû˵֮ھͳ, ŮŮҼֱһ衣ǽף𻹲ࡣ
ΣǮǼĸҪǶһûǸ, Լô㡣Ǵ˵Ļ·Ǯ޵ģôͼıʲô
, Ҫľⰸӵָ̫ˡ¹ŵϱо飬»֮ҹ, ˭, ҲΪ⡣ǣɸڴ´, ȴԽָԵ, Խ⡣
һǮ϶ǸӣԼҴӵġ˵
һ£˵֤𣿡
ҡҡͷ
Ҿֵ˿ԼҴӸǮ, ɱԼү˵ɽҩţ黨Ӧ͵үġǣҲ֪˹ʹˣԼλ֪ЩʲôԹ⶯ֽš
ôҲе˵ŵ˱ݸɣǾǮǸµģҶ˵үҲỳȥΪʲôҪôżأѲɣү
˵Ż˾ةż˵ľڳɸյһϸؿһ顣
Ȼ⣬㿴ϸϸָָһ֣ż֪ԼŮԼҶ飬ǮִҪƸżҴƸҲԭҲ˼żҴİָԼҴӵİַǳϡ
˳ָƹȥ˵żȱӣҲˡǣĸôͣ˼ҹôԼңô֪Ǹ־żҴģǡ
ǰ֪żҹİ֡
֮ͬһЦ
ΪʲôҪƸżҹأ
˵䣬鰸Ȼ̧ͷԴ򼾷ࡣ
㣬ʲôɣŻִȢһ
Цˣ˵ҸԹֲһϲŻȢ
ɰһۡ

°ͣΪϲǾΪǸʲôѱ
еɵͷǣȻаѱˣΪʲôҪأѵӦŰѱҪЮԼΪʲôҪűӼأҿģôƾǮһҲаѱյӡ
룬˵żҹײһЩ飬ԼԼΪ˷δȻͰȢؼҡ
գգ۾úе
ȥԼ˸żˣʮ·ݵʱԹӻǮ϶ȥĶżˣܲ鵽һЩ˿˵֮ż࣬ȥԼҶ׻˵ҲʳһЩ
ͷӣ˵߰ɣˡ
ɺϾڣվ˸
ҪҪȥĶתתʵ
ɵͷ˵Ҫȥ˴ի
ҪΣһ䣬ȱʲôңʲôҪԼ򡣡
Цˡ
͸á˵ָԼǰҩ࣬һѢ
ûͦġ
˵ž͸һȥ˼粢磬˵ܡ
ѡһ֧ӣͽ˼šѾںˣ͵ˡ
ײõҵġ˵ūҲһ÷Сɽס
֪ЦŮѲˮݸɣƽնڵȰʱǲǾͲˡ˵ˣūôܽгԷǳζˡ
һŤͷūĸŵˮ̲סЦˡ
Ϊֻǳζū¶ء
˳ɵֿȥԼҲЦˡ
Сһôô
Сôвġ˵ŰѻĺӵݸһЦ£㡣
½ӹ֧֮ӣЩؿɡ
ⲻ겻ڵģǣ
˵ÿ𣿡ʵ֪ϲؾΣѡ
µͷ
ÿǰΪʲôҪѲɣң
˵֮һؿɡ
лҩࡣЦ˵ջЩĨ˾ͺúܶأ
Ҿˡ˵ݸŮ˵޹»й֮ˡ
¶ҩǺá˵ūǰЩҲһ飬ڶվͺˡ
أ˵Ҳ֪պļҹиȢؼҡ
һӾͺ
ʲôúߵġ˵д󵱻Ů󵱼ޣ
˵֮ɶ˸ʾ֪ĻѾ֪ˡ
ʱūѽѽؽһߵү˵÷ɣŵţˡ
á˵
ŮԸ룬Ǿ֪֡ǸѧĹءĹϵҲǰֻ̤Ȩ˼ҵȦӣͦãȷūˣǿƾٻǴ䣬˳ࡣ
ùɻصԺյ飬ʱ´ŴŮﻹһɺС
㡣ؿ˿ڣҽոõ֬
ˮвٹΪ彿òУסȻϰ𷨣Ҳ治ðҪǡƽҲһЩĶ¾ھˮѧ˵֬֬
¶ɡֽ˹ֵݸ֪
վ鰸дҧ촽ָǸֿ˿ڡ
㣬ǸżҵĹ
ɵͷ˵ʶ
ǡ˵֮ǰܸˮ㣬ҲͶԵһ졣ˣͺˮˡһμžһ졣˿ɺˣԲɱ˵ġ
ס˵룬һˮֵʱԼҵŮ죬û
»һ£ҡҡͷ˵һĸģΪûˣסָŷ˵õĻҿһء
֪ΪʲôģɺȻܴʳЩʲô
Ϊ¡˵˵ԼҶӶѾү˵ˣҪȢΪޡҲ֪أ˼գͱԼҴȢֿ֣żǰЩһӣĸֶ顣ȰȰүҲʹӦ¡
û˵¼ڳ˼Ҳţɵһţ˳ְű˯İ
Σֿ˿ˡ
¶֪ʲôʱԼҸ˿ڣ
ͷһ˵ʱʮĩŹ˵һǰӦþǾĩ
л¶Ц˵һɽҵĴˡ
ԵЩߡæڰ֣˵У㲻Ҷ໰ͺء
ɼӣû˸ջʱ䣬ԼҲЦˡ
Ȼ㶼ˣþһ䣬½ô
ʴˢһӾͺˡ
½ͦõġ仰Ҵææؾ˳ȥ
ɼԼҲЦˣĲ²ûд                        
лҪ˵վһ

 94 

ɼĶ, ̲סЦһתۣ鰸, ֵıӡ
ȥѰǶԸ, ˵Ҹл񡣡
СѾӦһˡ
˸ߵǰƿӿ档ⰸӵ, иˡҲʹ̫ҽǳʲôܣܴʺҲ
ң֪ԼԲʲôǧҪСġ̫ҽ˵, ǺڼһЩصĻ, СɾΣˡ
ԣµǿȷ, ɽҩţ黨, ɲ֪СѾ߲СĶϴˣԼҶ֪֮Ϊ֮
̾˿, ˴׼ص, һһԭһֱ˯ʱȻûƼ
һɰڻ, ܡ
Сè˲䣬˸Ƿּ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ɸȥ±֮ͼȥԼҡ鷳꣬¶λˣžĹǡ
ԴӷǸӣ֮һҹû˯۳ˣԺӵ˶ʼɨԺӣԺؿŴ˸
ԺһСѾ߾ܹ˵ԺϿȥûа취ϴ˰͹ȥˡ˺ԺǴǰȱģүֲһСӹǾֻ͡
Ǽĸ뷽跨뿪ԼԺӣҲôа취ֻŶλү
ǮͦŶںԺޣ˿ܻ䡣龰۾ȴӾΡżʹ˸ɫ˲ˡ
ӣЩҪ㣬㿴﷽㣿
⻰ﶼֿˣΪѣתͷǮһۡ
λүȻ飬ȥˡǮ˵
ǡ⻰֮żȥ
￴һȦɨһϸˡ
λǴ̵Ĺ裿
˵ͱǮһͨס
⻰˵ˣżҹûأ㲻ԼҴ̡
ɿһۣתͷة
⻰ɼסˡ
ةͷ
ûǮϣֻǿ
ǡĸ
ϣҹһˡ˵Щ㡣
ϸ΢Щţһۣ΢΢ףŸȥ᷿
ȥĩС㶼ȥʲôط㻹ǵ𣿡
ǵáϴøɴ࣬ĩϷ˵ٳ̷˴Ҽȥġ
ң룬ң
ǡ֪ǰλȻǻʼˣһֱҳʮ꣬ǵˣٶ֪һЩ
ɶԸ׾첻ģֻ֪ǲ̣ȴ֪ҸʲôϵϼЩɻֿ˿ڡ
Ǽ̷˾˼ҡ
²ס
ҸǮϿմ״ʣ
Լǰͷ˵ĸҡ˵Ǯϳǰͼľҡ
С㵱նȥɻǵãʵ
Щˡ
СǸҹ˵˵˰֮ȥͤҼСҹϵܣֻǰż̷˵Ӱˡ
ϸϸ롣˵ߵϸǰҪ벻Сɾûˡ
ϳһţæͷﻹס˵ǣūú롣
ɼ״¾˵˵æݵ
𼱣롣
Ϻ˿ڲ裬֮󣬺Ȼ۾һ˵ˣˡҼС㵱ջԼҶһ棬֮Ϊ˱ӣֿСͽȥ£֮ԼҼ̷˸ӡ
˿Σʵ
ҡҡͷ
ǳʱ˺˵껰СΪż޸ԼҶӣǰ񡣡
ˣʱǮѾУҵĵطԼҴţûżҹΪŹЩʲô͸æȢ
֪ˡ˵ҽյĻҪڶ˵СҲСǱ˵һЩ¡
ǡ
ϵһھӦ
ǱߣԺ֮˾͸ˡ
˾ң
౻һæ
л˵д˴񡣡
֮󣬰յ򵥵ؽһ飬żߵǰƣ˵϶Ǳ̷µףﱻ˷ˡ
սȥϸ˵ô֪ģ
ԺָǰȻһ¡
ҳǰ͵͵ϵһͷ
㵹ǽ˵ǣ̷Ϊһ㣿
룬˵ǿҰ۰ɡϾҴûˡҾǸӣҲҲҵġңһֱıĴ硣
˵Ǯ϶ġһ䡣
Ǽٵġ˵ϵ¡Ǯȥ¼޽ԼңһʼԴΪģǲ£ͿʼԴۣдȥ밲ۿǮϷԺվšʱȥ괦飬ͳŸײڴĥ硣
⻰̲סЦԽ˵ԽСˣǺۡ뵽Ƶؿһۣ֪ô룬ǹ
˵ֳಡϿгõУ
еġԲ֪ôƵ⣬ǹɵػش𣬡ǰúõС
ϵ˶λУʵ
Եͷ
常׹ϵá
֪ˡ˵վע㣬ʲô鲻Ծ͸Ͻ١
ǡԵ仰˵ס
һ˼һԺȥȴүүȻ겻󣬵ǰ׷ͺڷˣôܲأǰһռģҪ㲡
үڰ˵ౣ壬ϾԼȫأ
ү̾˿˵ǺȻżҹ飬ƷϲΪһŮıԼֳ
⻰˵ģٸġֻǣô
үһ·ҪѶƻȥƵġ
һɡ˵һˣĿǲڵҪĵزҳǸĵѾߣҲͰˡ
ү˵ǡ˵ģǻϸġ
ͼ˷ġ
ү⻰ظ񣬵ŪЩ˼Ͼ˼ϴˡ
һ·Ժȥųػͷȴү߿û⣬תͷȻЩԾһͷȴˡ
һ·ߵԺɣʹ˸ɫ֮Ϳ˿ڡ
Ѻ˶ȥŮг׵ԺţСѾߣҲһߡ
ǮطϢȥˣԺֻǰֽû룬㲻ԼˣʱҲ˵ֻÿ˾ةȫˡ
Լңɿ򼾷࣬˵ʲô˼
ڰ֣ſڡ
ߣȥúã

 95 

µµǰ, ؿż࣬ôͺȻҪȥأ
򵥵ذѸղŵ齲һ, ɳĬ, Ȼ
֮ǰˡ
ͷ˵ǵģǶΪүǿȴûΪʲô֡
Ͼʳӡ̾һ, ҾȻû뵽
գһͷ
ϾǸ޷˶ԴñӵС
ɰһ죬˵һоܽ͵ͨˡһֱ¿Ȼ֪ʲôʳáү
˵ֺһ, ⶼǺġ
үѾ֪ǮǸӲġ
˵䣬ڼúǰͣ·˽ȥ
Ѿ, úûʲôˣҩĿԼСͽ, ٷ, Щɺ
λˡиæ
һۣЦſ˿ڡ
вؾ, Щ
Ȼû̫ӴԹ, Ҳڸ̼ߣ˽Ҳ֪һЩġ˶£ַԸСͽܰѼúõĴҲˡſ뼾ࡣ
λ뽲, СıȻ޲
ԼϤʵ
⻰֪λүΪ׮¶漰Ȼ
ϤúܡҴϷиʹҲϷġ
ɵͷʵ֪Ҵڳʳʲôܻ䣿
ǿɾͶˡЦ˵˵Ҵӳʳϱܻʲô˵ʳЩʲô
ɳһ£ֿ˿ڡ
үأɺã
вΪʲôүֻǵͷ
үá
÷أʵ
⡭ЩΪѣλˣүʮǰӽʱ˽ٷˣ˵зɣ׼һЩҪȻôЩ꣬үӡ˵³ģȢķᣬҲˡ
ⷬñЩʵһɸһۣ֪Ҳʲʲôˡ
˼úã̾˿˵˭ɱԼҴӣ˵һ⣿
ȥɡ˵ʳЩʲô
ɵͷ־Ȼ̫ү˵Ļɵֱӡ
̫ү˵ֻ飬ֲȥԣԼ£϶⡣
ȻӿڵֻǣǸ˵˭أǵҪɱӣӵ˱͵үĶ˵Ǹ֪һЩ赶ɱˣ
˵꣬˶̾˿֪
ص£ΪɵķԸԼҳ˲Ů᷿ǵû£ǽΣǳҲˡ
ɨһָۣڽ޵۾˵СѾߣ˵ɡ
СѾ߽ͷսսɸǰ޵û˵
˰ɶӸᣬļҵĺӣ
شˣǹҵŮ
Сɺƣֹסˡ
ǹ¼ҵĺӣôᱻֵЩ⣬֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ұڷԺġС˵֮ǰС˷ϲĻƿһ֮£ȥˡǣǵǻƿúõķڼϣû顣
һ£˵ɻǵ黨ƿ֮ǰԺӳʲô𣿡
СѾͷ˰죬Ȼһ֡
һүȥǻ˰ҹֶۣһҹ
ɸһۣʵɼǵǻʲôʱ򣿡
ǵáչڡڶүͻˣǶһ١
ͷ˵ȥ֮˵ҶʲôҪ˵Сɾûˡ
СѾСţæͷȦֺˡ
ǶˡɵСѾ֮˵
ʲôˣЩס
ŷӦûףæ͡
СѾ˵Ǯ϶ۣһҹӦĺӲүģѰ˶̥ҩֻûɹˡ
һо˵ùȥˡ˲ˣǮΪ飬˶ˡֻ̥ţԼҹӽҵؽµʱײŹΪףŹȢؼҡڣֻǲ֪Ϊ˫˫Ҫɱүү֪֮󽫼ƾͼƣɱԼӡ
鷳鰸Լ˭п֣ǲ֪𡣡
żḧһֱʣʳġ
Ҳ֪˭޵ر١˵ϧүȻѾͽ춼ϣʲˡϣЩȥ׻׳õ
ˣߵɽǰڻ˵ǰѳ˶йǻԭһµʱΣ֪һЩ
̧ͷ۾ġ
ɰһ¡Ȼ䰤һ£ϵЦضزס
Լҳ׵գΪǮϰ׵ȻæҲɡ˽Σϲ߽Ժй֮ͽԹӵԺӣԼ㷿ŮԺӵŮšԹ˸ͷ˽ƣȥǰԺˡ
ԼҲ̼֣ȻǰԺ׵ЩæҡһСѾ߸մӳţ黨ҤĴ룬ɫĴԳѩ׵ţ飬滹һſŻÿСض˳һžүæ˸
Ƕȥģүʵ
үǸġ˵ͷãҲ˯ãܰߡСѾ˵ģž˻ϲ
Ȼٶ˹ȥү˵˲պ˰̥ҩϢһУţž˷ȣҪȵģ֪𣿡
ǡС˵ֶ˻ȥĵղŷԺ軹ڴߣүֲö˹ȥ˲¡
С߽ȥҪ͵ӷһ˹ȥԺŮֹ˵ԹЩϽŪһѾ
Сû취ַ룬ȥŪѾȥ
͹ѾСʱҲˣҪ룬үԺŮˣ˵˶ˣҪһ档
С̾˿ȥҳĹ档
ȶæˣСһţ飬͸ˡ쿴裬ǲˡ
ǲǵһ밡
ʲôʱˣ˵ҲˣŹһ¾Ͷ˹ȥɡ
СʱѾæЩˣæ붼˹ȥ
Ūˡүܳɽҩ
֪ˡ˵Ͱţֵ˻ȥ
Сһߴ˸Ƿһ˫ʱ˽
С䡣˵㻹ʲô㶣ϽȥǰԺʰǰԺɢ˺þˡ
С̧ͷָ̨ϵĹӣ˵Ҳȥţһû͹ȥأ
Ұ͹ȥϽȥǰԺɣ
Լ̼֣ȴҲѧЩţүŮײȥǰԺ¶
ǽлˡС˵ֻţǧ˴ˡ
İɣ˵ָĺ䣬㻹𣿡
˽ɸˡģү                        
лҪ˵ܻжֻǿŶŶʮ㣬ûоû

 96 

, ǿ˺ģз紵ʱ, Ʈ䡣ɸ, һӣл괵䵽ͷϡЦЦ̧ͷ
ָϸϸ, ָ΢΢Щ⡣һ׽סָŵһ¡
ͽӣɵһۡ
ôǵͽأ˵Ŵյɸǰ׶ˣͻʥּҼùء
ûΡɰһۣ, ҲҪһʱ䣬ôż, Ҫ·ݲܳס
Сæ˵·, һͷ˿, ѡա
ʱŷԼƽȥˡһۣ˵ʲô, ׻ҪҼأ
𰡣λɵ, 㲻֪Դؼ֮춼˯, Ӷ㡣۾۾㡣
Ц춼ϲ£
ⲻնܼ𣿡
һҡҡͷҪ˯֮ǰ㣬糿һۼĻ㡣
ɲЦ۾ˡ˵ЩʲôͣԼҵˡ
¹ı顣
߰ɡǸȥ
үţɸˣûʲô飬飬үҲǺġ
ɽԺү˵үĳм֪·֮˭ȥٵģ
Сˡү˵ȮȻ岻ã˵þϸһ㣬ҲƽϡԣһС˾ͱ˹١
̫ү˵ĻֻŪףֲµġүұ٣г񡣿Ŀʲô
ʽ˭ɺȻʵ
үһ£ЩҡָһߵһƯѾߣ˵ǽ񡣡
´һ˵֪ﻹǲǵãڴӳ׵ն˵үţ黨ʲôʢġ
ҤĴ룬ɫġ
Ƕ˸أʵ
ǲʷ۴ɡ˵
һüë˵ôô
ͷһЦЩɬ
үʳɽҩȴϲֿԼʹˡ
ɺȻˣԼһֱˡүûʲôƲߣֻԼߵѾȥֻҪͶˣԹӾͱɡ
ү֪Ҳܷʳɽҩʵ
СĲ֪
ү˵꣬¶ı顣
ѲҶΪɽҩţ黨
ɵͷ˵ǵġ
үȻϣ㶵ؿɡ죬ȥû˵
һţ˵үδ
ҶСƢθԶҪССġȴû뵽ССɽҩҪ˰ˣ⡣ү˵꿴ŶˣǷҲǺģǵļ£λΣ
ܷ֪ĳԷδãûشү⡣
⡭үԥһ£Լ»иׯӣ͵ɡ
ɺȻЦˣ֣˵үüƲߡǽԷ˵ɱ˴ӣ֮ôڼҳһӦþԷׯѲ˰ɣ
Դһֱ㶵ؿɣָȴ˵һ֡
ɾͿɫͨ죬֮۾Ǻġһãӽͷȡӣүʮָ˹ȥ
С˵
æ˳ȥһͺС
û뵽˻ͨҽ˵үһʱŭģѪǼüʱ´ëġ
ͨҵ˵ֻԶһ
ʱүѾָˣһʣ˵λ˽
һ̼˵ʲôͱүֹ̧ˡ
ȥ
ûа취ֻóȥ뼾
ǲµûү˵һУҸɵġ
ԭүļ̷Ǯϣδ֮ǰΪ¾ȥ̽游ĸһȥ˱˸顣֪Ժ󣬾Ǯ䲻£ټϵʱү׼ңͰǮүˡ1
үȢ˽ޣȻٰ䰮ּ½ΪģԽǮϡû뵽ǣȥ괦ϵǶӣ¸Ǯϰͨ˺ӡ
ΪԼϵ׳Ǯ϶ǸΪӣ֪һŽ鿴ȴط⺢·ݲԡ֮ϸ֪Ǯ͵͵ץҩȣԼԼĶӴñӡ
ԼΨһĵӣǹİ͵͵Ǯ̥ҲͰˣ˭֪ŷǮϸԼĶӾȻҪԼ
үһʱŭģôһУֱҪµ
ɸүĻһʱ侹Ȼ֪˵Щʲôá죬ſڡ
үģﲻնϱ߻֮أϴ⣬ҲܻˡӶ࣬ˣǱߵӣҲǺѹ
һţȻúЦڰοүſɲ
Ҳܣֻżҹײ˴ӣͱȼ޸ƽ˵ԣѰ·
үͷ˵סһ϶Ȣġ
翪ţѸټǺ飬ͶϣĽֵҲ
ȻһϣԼүԹԶϣԷǮΪ׷򣬱н̡żҹΪƣԼҶͶϣޡ
⡣ֻһڴţȻվ˼һ
ôˣ
֮ǰԼҵİӡ˵үǰԺӭӱͣôͻȻȥ˺
Ҳסˣ˶һۣ˵ͬһ˵֡
ԡ
ֻϧү֮ԸӣҲȥϡ֪ˣ˭ǸТӡʪȣֶΪϸ׾ټҰǨ̫ˡ
ȻƭˡΪգǸԹԶ֪ԵֱʣǸȥˣ
ˡļ򣬡֤ݣ
ҡҡͷ˵ûСһȥð¶ʱԼ
Ǹ⡣˵Ҳܺ͡ϴԩ¼һҲ˵
ЦЦ⵹Ǹ⡣ˣԼҲЦˡʻĹô
һգûؼңͿһ£˵ĸ£
ϵͷ
Т̫ݵʱȥ¡
áӦʹ죬Щæµȷʵܾûйȥˡ
Т̫һȥ˵
⻰Щףĸʲô˼أ
лҪ˵ڰӸԲȥˣȻЩˣǴӦõ˫Ƿ˰ɡ
1ڹŴԭȨүҵġ

 97 

, ؾĸ׼ȥ¡ڼû˼, Ҳһȥ, ݰݷ𿴿ĥʱ⡣
ūĸ׸Ǵ뱸һߺ޷, ĸҲһˡ
һ˺ƺƵ£ūȻǸޣƿС˵أȥҲ޷´ŷūˣ, ȥТ̫Ժӡ
һţɾͼлɮһ, Ѳʲô£лˣЦվ, סҪˡ
ʮ, Ҫصģֻзͺá
л֪ɸ˸, ˶ϥ, Խ⴩ɮۡ
Ҫ¡л˵Ѿ¹, һ룬ʣµģȫȨٳ֡
Ϊ⣬ɲʡɼȫԺ죬Ƹ񣬿ɾû͵Ժȥˡ
ȻϣԼҳޣл⻰ȴЩš
Т̫⣬ϰɣ
лһЦ˵ʲô񣬻ʼҶľͶ񡣡
⻰Ȼ֪ô½ӻˡ
𼱣˵л˵һ赽Ļ£ɲô򵥡
˵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ڳϸ˭ãлȻɡ
û뵽ʵԼգգ۾ſڡ
ֵܣʯҸҹӡ
лͷʵǻʼأ
ɷɡЦ˵Ǿһȥ档
ǻأ
ǽӴòࡣ˵ʱݵʱһȥ̤࣬ӸһȥʱȽ϶ࡣ
̫أлæһ䡣
̫ӣץץͷ̫ӹ·æӴõ١
л˼һ£ֿɡ
Ҹ½أûнõˣ
һ£˵½ҹǼӵıãǾһȥ档ڶң˵֪ûµģȻҲ治һȥ
л΢˼һ£ɣ˵֪Ϊ㣿
һ£Ȼ
Ϊ̫ӣ
лͷ
أǻŮ쳻Ҫһءл˵ʵʺ񣬶ֻΡڻʺ˼ɵĿɾͶˡ
һţѾ漰ʼ̧ͷһۣʾԼǲҪرܡ
˲ûرܡл˵֮ȫȨٳĻҲԭ򡣡
ĸ뽲⻰˵
л⻰ﰵ̾˿⺢ӣ̫ˡ
̫ʦ̫ү̵ֽ㡣Ǹӣ룬ʺѾסˡл˵⻰ʱǳƽǸֶ˼ҡ룬ŷһЩ
ôˣЩ⡣
үǻʵ۵ĸлĵؽ͵̫ĸҡ½ң̫ҡ̫곤ʵ׳ȻӶӵӶǻʺУļġ
Ǽ˵ĸ½ңʺ󻹲𣿡ʵ
л⻰Цˣָһ¡
ɵӣ޴ӷ򡣡
һߵһЩŵԥſл֪ҪҪڡ
лҪ˵лʵ
Т̫ǰЩҼҶŮţƫ½ӣ˵˺ͶԵ
½ӣлתһȦЩȻס£ΪŮĹϵʱ̹עųϢ
䡣˵½Եġ
̻ǶŮϵģǲʰɣЩԥ
򲻿ô˵лүѾǲһֻѾ̤˾ȨȦӣ̻ԾӣʱǧҪóСȥ
һû˵ĵТ̫Ȼܾ¶꣬ͨһûˣﶼЩ˵ˡ
ġл˵ʺʹˣ½ףֻӦˡ½ҷĳãϲĥϱ飬ֻܷġ
Ҳ֪⣬ϲµģ޸·޵·ͼıΪԼҲھˮƹŷô꣬ıǰ̡
Ȼ½ЩҾͷˡˡлɣǷң̫ǰ볯ʦǲǣ˶ΪĶ˷ҵ˼ԣҳޣоݣټұϾʽ΢ҽҲ㡣
ɵͷʾԼ֪ˡ
˵䣬ū޷ֻȥſϡ
ϼūɰЦžǽԺӡ
Т̫ɾԺСӵЦЩɺЦˡ
Ƿūòͷˡ
ơ
ſ⻰æǽݡ
ūټôˣһ£֮ͳлֿЦˡ߰˸µСޣǿɰʱлæ֣ѷūūҲлһȻȥһǲл˳
ŮԼûб
ĸ׸ūͶԵЦ˵Сһһﶼңֱڻ
лŷū˻ȥֿ¡
ǸùպԵˡ
˻̫ףɵǶˣĸ֪½ҿ϶ס
Сȥתתɡл˵һмµҪ˵СҪǲ죬Ҳν
ɸ¸æˣ׶δ޵Ů˵Ǽٵġ
Զˣл̾˿
Ҷ˵ֻ㣬Ȼ˵ѪŨˮ
⻰ǲ֪νӿˡ
ҳףһҸղ˵ԭһ棬֪ҳԣҲҡ
Ϊʲô˵أ˵ߣΪиǰ̣ڣҲΪģΪʲô˵أ
ūʱл˯л˯ֺż£ķ鶺Сһ־лԼ￪ģҲЦˡ
˵ֻл˵˳ģȥңȲûʺɵҲġ
Ϳˣ
л⻰Ǹʵˡ
ʵһ۶ûпҲ˳˳ذߡ
ɡ
Ȱˡл˵ĻĸףĸߣԲġǵģȻϣȥ𣿡
˼ˣҲͲȰˡ
Сӿɰл˵ūСպ㣬ɺã
á˸æӦ֪ūټСûſʱ򣬵úõģװ׾öһТ̫ǽŷūСʱء
ҵļױأȻǶҪġл˵ҿ϶Ҳ׼ˣҲżʡļױһٶʮ̧ǿͼ̧ģʵ۲ġ
Ϊɵļױ⻰ġļױԼСʱܵĸۡ
һԺիŲŲæɽ
ɸͬһԥһ£ǰлĻ˵
ĸҲףպ˵˵Ҷūʵϣ
š
Ӧһû˵Т̫ĸʵǳӣĸûǴӸϣǾú衣Ȼ׽˵ԼТ̫Ҳܲ˰ɡǹ˵Ůˣܵĸ飬Щܾ
Ӧ˵һʮģпվȥ㣬˳ȥƾͺˡ˭Ҳû˵һӾ׽ǣ
ô֪꣬Ƣ
Т̫ңȥ鷿дһŸл̣ľɵ¡л̽ӵţһڷѣɴ޶ʣТ̫Ļǲˡ
лҪ˵һ΢ЩԲԣֻҪ

 98 (׽)

лТ̫Ȱ, ȴЩˡ뷨Т̫ӵŮ, Ҫӹ޵ġлĻ, һȷԼ˳ˣſȰ
Ҳϣ쵶ӻʹޣô죿л˵, Ҫݱĸģðع𣿡
ɩԻعЩ⣬ǰҲġ
عȻԡǣҪ֪㵱ȥ¶ΪТ̫ʵϴҶ֪Ϊ˶л˵, ܸܲոհλ̫߾ðɣô㡣
쵶Т̫ӵŮЩģТ̫Ӹ粻, ܵޡ
лЦŸһָͷ˵쵶Ǻ, ǼĻܱҪࡣڿ, Ȼ˽Ǻӣ
ʲô˼գ۾л̣Щã
л̿, ȴɰ, ̲סյǰһ¡
˾Ĵ֡˵Ǻ־Զ, Ч³³ۿɲںĶޣʲôƳޡ
л˵ţվΪ
Ҫ˵һжģ쵶ãЩʵڵġ
⻰Ȥ˵˵ʲôʵڵģ
Ҫ˵ͷòʵڵġлЦ˵ǺҲһ棬ϻ۹ˡڴµ飬ҲʹFƽĶۣ䣬óְҪ˵Աˣ͸ɴĹ٣þõڳ͢ȴ޸ˡԲԣ
룬л⻰еơ
ҵ̶ܵ㣬һ¡
⻰ҿǵ𡣡лߺͷһЦȴ̣֪ܵǾʲôҵİ
ǴҳޣɩɼͲŮˡȻ˵ɩôͬأ
Ұôһˣô벻л˵˵ϾѾ´Уֻ̤ţܲùأպ쵶СޣСʱѹס͵ԺסһǵĿԵģԲԣ쵶СʱҰûϣСޣҲһԸǡ
ɩȻܵ˵
ȻҲɵĿǰ͢ƽøոպãȻǸվŷңҲ״ƽ⡣϶ΪĹϵ뼾ཻã̫Ҳв
Ҿ͹Щ˽һˣһº顣ҶҲأл˵ܰ쵶ôɫҲǸͨˡ
׼ˡЦ⣬ҲѵõʶʱǰЩ˵үԼȫȨֶӣԼ˸еĸ̡
ʶʱѵáл̸͵ϲٸһҲóǶ֪֪Ͼպס£쵶ڣҪȥҵġ쵶պҲҪȥġ
ѾǲˣҪôͣҲл˵е
ͷǵǹְл̵ͷһ£ʱҲùȥ̫ܷȥһ˰ɣҪ̫أӦһȥġ
á˵ͷҾ͸F˵ȥ
أǴĹأҪֵܱϵġҾһūô󣬷·ңÕF쵶ϽΣأ
л˵꣬˫ֻסļ򣬰ͷϡ
áƫͷһ£ǕFãûʲôףá
лں˺ܾãŵɸ̫ӵľ롣óˣֳıһ̣˭ɷɳҲҪFһ̵ġ
ңѾصߡ˰ŲĹأɸ¶ŮСѾߡϾȲߣȥ/СѾߡ
һϣţϾšæժִͷϣȥš
ܽÿ𣿡ʵ
ÿյÿաæѰӭ̫ˣ㣬ҿɵá
ܡ˵ϣ´һ¡Ӳ֪ԺϢĵط˳ʡȻ²һ㣬裬˵ĸ
֪ýչʲô𣿡ߣ֪ü۸ߵͣ˵Ųݸϡ
أڵ/СѾߡ˵Ҳ֪պҪŻġң˵ǿĸңƽ˵ҵĸҵġ
⻰ͲýӿˣźȲڿһЦ
˵ʵҲգҵ׸һЩҲڼҽסҶ͸ܽӴɣ
ͷ͸ȷʵжȡ
أպСѾߵʱһ߿ţҲи㣬պѾߣҲиףأ
Լв㣬⻰æصͷ˿٣Ҳ٣ѧɣΪ˽ǡ
̫ˡ˵лá
⻰أҲø˵Ͻ͵ȻǸƽ񣬵ūͳøֱӶԻԣҽչΪת
סͷ˵һ˵ġ
˵⻰ԥһ£ֿϡ
ܽ˵ƳɫЦ˵
Ѿͷ
Ǹúӡ˵ϳī֪һȻպҲǸſȥСڣڻҪȥСסʱҾͲȥˣ֪ڣҲһЩ
һǡĥһ£ԼӦͷһˡ
ݣɡһţͼϸվţЩ
ղ軹һЩôˣϵƲ裡յСʵ
ɵͷЦһ£˵ڡСѾߣһѧ˲ٶ
̫ˡ˵˲һۣ⹬˾ǲһ㿴λȻϻЦӰɢɱ֮žأ
⻰˲һۣ̲סЦ
СǸǰһͰס
෭˸ۣ˵˵һһɡ
ǰһԼãȥ㣬˳·ȥТ̫ԣɴؾɫϸһɫȹյĻԵľš
ÿ˵·Ҳʺ㡣
ɼ˵֮Ķָż࣬ͷ˵ô˵Ҷÿˣǰƭҵģ
˵һ룬ԼŲסЦݺȡ
ÿ˵ϸƣȦôû
ɵͷһ£˵ǰЩĸ˸ҵġȥ£ҴȥҲˡ
ͷⶫһǺ
Ϊл֮ǰɰѷūҲ˹ȥһߣɰĸŷūȻóԺӦҲɡСޣǴСһﵽȥͿġ
ɰūͿǱɵЦ̲סǰһ¡
ʲôأ
û¡໺־
󣬲۹һûú淢
λ̫ˡ˵պ֧𣿡
ͷһֵۣͷһ¡
û£ҪȻôẦ£
ԩЦ˵ϿȢؼң
ãһ̾˿
̾ʲôЩ⣬Ѳɲң
ǲޡ˵ֻǲ̫뿪á
ǾͲ뿪˵֧㡣
룬򼾷ࡣ
ǳ׺ҪС޵ġ
ʲô൯һ£㿴ŻʼңöҵҴǶ˵ճ׵ʱӹǶδɣҪһӹǳáǶԴ˻ǶСޣкôġ
û⻰룬ҲеЩ飬ͬĸСģȷʵӹǶǺܺáŵֳҲˡ
·ˣʵ
Цŵͷ
أЩҲоˡǳ׺䡣ȥܣǻޣҲá˵ҿʷ飬³ۿҲһֱ쵽Żؼġ
ҵĹְͱˡɿż˵㲻˵л
ʲôˣڻٺ»ѾͱҸˣְҸΣҲ𣿡
ɳ˴ٺ»һݾסٺ»ȷʵȼߡ
ˡ˵͵͵˼һ£ȻԼͺ
˵˵ЦЦܿ͵½¡
лҪ˵ոӷԲԣֻһ˵ҵղˣɣġ

 99 

˵ɽ, ɽūĸҿʲôʡɼȤ, ժһ亣ĴޱߡūЦ, ɴЦѡ
ΪТ̫Ҫࡣһ˴ӺֱԺӡ
Т̫һأЦ˵¿ǲ˽ġ
ǷūأָĸźˣСһʵ
һ˵СһǷū, ȻҪźá
˵䣬˾͵Т̫ϼˣæȥͨ
ɡл˵
뼾̤ӣͿлųȻһͻ, 񲻻̫ù
ɡл˵񡣡
೯һüëɵϡ
л, ľٶһĵ⺢ӿǸ, ֻǲ֪պ󵽵׻ǸʲôΡ
ѷūڻ, ԼӶСô, ϲĶлһת, ÿɴǰȦЩˡ
պδģлʵҿ᲻뿪õġ
һ, ȻͷЩᡣ
ĸףʱ·ϻ˵ءһ߽˻
ŶлЩ棬˵
ʱѾظղŵĻָһ顣
ĵͦáл˵ֻǼүͬ⣿
Цץץͷ˵ʵͿˡҵҲ֪
Ǿͺáл˵ʶһҪ㣬ںԺ᲻˵ġ
ĳס๧Ӧ
л֪ԼĿѾﵽˣǰһЩ
ʼԺͲˣأҲþԺ̫쳾¡л˵涼ҳ档
ס˵
ȸ͸ףļױٲˡл˵СʱҾ͸һݣʮ꣬Ҳ١أ˼ׯĶҪڻʼңҲð죬ʵӦûзͣ𣿵Ϊѹһͷֻ⺢ӣۡ
ٵͷ˵Т̫ģǰЩҵҲ˵ˣƸҪɵġ
лͷ
ֳԸ⣿
Цˣ˵ⲻᡣҵҫأ
⻰֪ͺáлҪó˵ĹǷɷǡ
ǡӦù
ʱѾ磬лӣЦŶɿ˿ڡ
ҾͲˡ֪ѵóѷūŻؼҾͺúɡ
ɸһЦȷʵȥš
лһ·͵ţŷūӻ֡
Сһ´μǵù
ȴ֪⻰˵ġ룬ѷūץС֣˵ū֪
лЦſɣͷû˵뼾˺ţһɺȻͷлſվšԥһ£л֣Цһ¾͸ɽˡ
л֣ĿǱӰʧ뿪
ɸɽѷūͻؼ֮˾ȥ¥
극ȥիôʵ
ͷ˵ôӣ
ɲͬȻ︻󣬵Ůû˽ȫӡʱɱӸ
ǰЩӰׯӵĳϢˡ˵˼˵ܲûӡ
СЦ˵ó
֪˵Űڻֵıӡ
֪īѾϰΪһߣֻûΪϻڵ/ѾߣûŹҲˡ
ո˵Ŭ䣬ǣԻҵĹְͱˡ˵𣿡
ô᣿ɵϲˣʲôҶϲôˣӴˣҸ˻أ㿴Ҵ󷿵Ķӣ÷ȥ⣬˭˵á
ЦǸɩ⵹һס
ĻʲôģҶҪߵǰˡ˵ң㻹ø񡣡
ʲôˡ൹˱ݸɣôʲôȹ񡣲ôЩˣ
̾˿˵ǰ裬Ҷ߶ҶҪˡ
ġ࿴ɵ۾֣µ˵ҲںЩ񡣡
ţɵͷ۾ģǻżġ
ʵûʲôϽĵġ˵ֻãڼҡǮ˵ʦ˵游֣ͿԽ̵ҡֱ㡣
ңָָԼôˣ
ϽҪģĺϲڴ¡ٲΪ˳ҲΪǮֻΪȤ˵ɵͷ֪ǸҲףԭֿɵõĶЩҪġ
ɱŪЩ˼һͷ۾תһȦ
ô˵Щ
ֻ㣬Ƕһ޶ģҹﻹ쵣Ǵ仹ǻֻǵǸŭ־νֵɣʻɰԡ
ⷬ˵УһӾͺȴǳϲá
ǣҲʲôŮ죬˵ǰЩѪҪ廨ҳһţָճüӡպòĺɰҡ
ҿ˵ɵ˫֣ϸƣȻָмϸϸ˺ۡ
ֻŮͺˡ˵Ҵ壬мЩģҶ㣬֣ĺɰҲҼһ룬ոȤˡ
áЦŵͷ⻰Ҽסˣպɲ˵ҡ
ôᣡıһ£õģ
˵䣬ƾͰѲˡһۣʢһŵǰ
ʲôЩ⡣
ûʲôɽЦſһۣҸˡ
һЦ·𴺷棬Ķ컯ˣؼҾ͸ĸһᣬǿһЩ̫Ȣؼˡ
ùɸй䣬µǣůֵĺĸӻˣϲ
Ѿõػˡ˵ʯҲˡҿľҲˡ
ȥˣЩ棬Ҷ֪أ
ǵȻ뼾ҲԶҾ·
ʵû˼ɣ·ȥһۣý̫ˡ˼޲һҹ֮ͽá
˵ŻˣŮһ￴࣬Цžӭȥ
Ҹá
̧ͷȥʶվߵˣǳϤ
СߵЩȣ벻ˡ
Цһ£˵֣þò
ʶ˵ÿǸյ
ڽʱҸֶڷҸʦ顣˵Ƿãôʶˣ
֪ںЦˣҹǳԴˡ                        
лҪ˵оԿǶ

 100 

Ǽĸĸ, ӽꡣǰЩӸոؼ
ʲôʱģʵʦòã
Цһ, ˵ǰյǰ, ȥݻʦʦת㣬˼ҲҲؼһ
̫ˡ֣Դȥһ, δ棬ҿǷǳʦأ
ԭͬšЦ˵ˡ
Կ򼾷࣬Щ⡣
Ҷĸշ˵
磬λǣ
ûȼ˵, Ͼȿ˿ڣȻ֪ǰλӦþǻû, ǲϡ
ǻ˵δӡ
, Ͽ񡣡֪ϵС˼, һ߸æ㡣
޷Ц˵˿ס
ǻ
Ļ۾ˡЦܵ, ΢̧ͷ
Ǹ״Ԫ, ɽսаɮɣ
ɲ֪Ϊʲôôһãصͷ
㰡ϼһ£ҽз, ǷãҶҼסͤϣرҡ
һ˵ɾ඼ɵˣСʲô˼
ҼҲӡϼ˵ʱҴһȥ𣿡
˵⻰ʱ۾ģ·˸һţĪʲô
аҲСͦɰʹؾˡ
ǡϽʽָܰԼдĲ۸㿴𣿡
϶һ̲ס˿ڣ⺢ӣ
µġɰڰ֣ƪ۰ˡ
ϸ˵
ȥʱһ֡
һţȻ÷öϲɡ
ǻ£˵
ǧǵãϳɰڰ֡
һ
˵֮ͷˡ
ǵıӰ۶Ľ
Сϲ㡣ɺȻ˵ҿˡ
ϲңʵǰϲҳϣղż㣬ôϲ㰡
ʲôһȣ˵ʲôأ
ôǺ˵أ˵Żͷһۣ㿴أ
ɻͷһۣɸϵˡϸæ֡ɼɰҲڰ֡
㿴ЩΣҶûô
ЩΣ˼СﲻǾЩˣôͳϲˡ
УСӻϲأԼպһҪɿһ㡣
գŴ۾Ǿȡ
˵˵
Ҳûк˵أԼίϲ㡣
أɿ򼾷࣬Դˣ
ǡ
ô죿ʵûϲҡ
ô졣˵ϲ㣬Ǿϲ£δӣͻʥּùأ
֮󣬿ż̲࣬ס
ˣ
Ȼǡ˵űסɣǶһ޶ģеĹﶼһԣ˰ߡ
С׳뻭˵滰Ǽ⻰һڣ޶˾;İ
԰ǵøϽסһ£ȻЩҲãҲգ㶼ˣȻҲϨ˼
òҪֵ㼾Ķͷ⻰˵ģûбƵģﶼϲ㣬Ӷϲҡ
ӽտ﹫Ӷϲ㡣
Ŷһü˭˵һ㱻ĹˣҾʹһõģ㡣
⻰͹ȥˡ
Ȼ뷨
ᣡ
ɸæЦŶ㿪ȴһСİͷײһ¡
ϣԣۣ
ĵͷһ죬ۻˣæȥϸơ
ײĶˣ
û¡ԼҲѾˡ
Ժһĵ㡣˵ʱëëŵģ˿ɲá
˵Ц䣬͵ҡɵ֡
Сĵ㡣˵
ɴȹӣüδˤš
Цųڰ֡
˲ע⣬һ¡
ˡ
ſڣֳڰֱ֣Զˣת˴šһ·ЦصԼԺӣϡ
ϻصңĪЩʧػԼԺӣ֮ȥԼ
ǳ϶ôˣЦʵ˭㲻ˣ˵
ҽտˡ˵һ£λ
һ£һߵĴӡ
λǲǾǸһڷҺӣ
ͷ˵
ǺӲصÿ˸̾ҾƷܺãгһͷأͰѳ϶

һߣ۾ɵϴ
ҵʱ֪ϲͷѡһȦ;ǺӲ˭룬ȻǸ
Ҳ֪϶Ȣҵġһ˵С游鷿ۡҲûٿҲ游̻壬ЩһǶõġ
һʼôͽϼˣһ̲סǫ̃
⻰һ졣
Ҳϰ˶ѡ˵˵Ľأ
ΪԼöԼ໹Щ飬Цŵͷһ¡
ģպﶨѰȼӻõķ
űӿһۣ˵ҾôǳˣĽ˿ƾ٣״Ԫ١ȴ󲿷ֵжҪǿŮӣм⣡
Ľ˼ҹٰЩȡ
Сϻشʹ죬ھǺϲ
̾˿ð
ûգʺǲȥţ˹վȥʵ̣үһ¾ȥɵԺҰ顣
ɵԺӵ/СѾߣˣɢˡ
ʱΪʺټ飿ʵ
˵ͷ˵һûнʹʱһɺã
ǵȻ˵˲ؽš
Уʺ¶Ҳһȥԥһ£ľֹУ
Цˣ˵浾˲صġ
⼸ȥ¶ԺӶ䡣˵ǺҲǴСܿ࣬ΪҼЩƹŷôꡣ׿ྡϣ˳ʲôۡ
ס˵һҾ͹ȥ
Ǹȹָ䣬ȫסˡ
ġֶʺڹأΪġңأ
л衣⻰ų׷                        
лҪ˵ŮջСһö
С糡
ϣżҼżˣż˧
ࣺ˵
ϣ˵ǩӵ

 101 

һ, Ϳĸ׸Ѿʰͣ
ײؽš˵ʺ󲻻Ϊġ
˵ҵȻ֪, λǻʺ, ˵Ǽٵġ˵ԼЦˣСʱҵȥ㣬˳һ, ˵պ󸻹ޱߣƷھˡ룬ͦ׼ġ
׾Ǻøһ߽ӿڵ
ġָһձܿ½ˣ᲻ð
Щûٸɳ, ʮصа˻½½ң¡ƢͶһȥ, ҲϤúܡ
ǰЩӼү˴ȥ, ½, ͵Ű½ơ˵䣬¾ͽ½˵, , ҲǶˡ
úûã˸Ҳ˵³, һ·ʱȫˡֱߵʵǰ²͵ΧȻׯϵţΡ׳
̰ǰ֣Ƕλȥ˸Ҫ̧ţ¾һ߷סĸ첲ĸŮһЦ˽ȥ
Ůʺ
лףŶϥæ̧֡
𡣡
л֮󣬾ס
½մһٺɫƽ߶̰ɫŵٻȹÿɰ˼˾Ʋۡ
¶лʵ
ǳŮ󷽵ӣǵлϲ
ơл˵곯֡
͵͵һİϣ΢΢ףߵʺǰ
лִһ˵Ǹúӡ
ֿ֮ˡ
ӡ
ʺ˵ǡ½һ߽˻ûҷūǰЩӼүٳҼˡСһɰˣҲ˭ޣЦ
лϲСӣ⻰Щա
ʧˣ´Ӧʱѷūл˵̫Ѿˣ䲻˵𣬱СޣԼҲһһɰġ
̧̫ٷūˡЦ˵ǲҾͱ˵ˣ徻ɲܹСһƤúܣȻ·һۣͲ֪Ķȥˡ
ǿе˵Լӵ𣿡
˵ʵ˼˵ǰЩӣһۣСһȻŵ¾ȥˣҪֿ죬һѸ¾Ҫˡ
ҹǸúӡ½˽ӿ˵ӳᣬžϲ
ϲؼҰҿ൱л̱˵߿ˣǲ֪᲻ã
֪˵ˣЦһ¡
⺢ӿۣꡣŮ󵱼ޣܲΪҵ˽ĵ⺢ӡǵ½˵ϲ컯أ
л̼⻰˵֪ˡЦſ½ˣ˵㿴쵶Ļ£Ȱҵˡ˵ˣлýǮҿҪյġ
ʺġ½˵̲ģ
л̸½޼䡣
Ҳˣ˻ʺ仰պ½˾ܸӲ
ˣһӵ֡л˵ԼЦˣأҪ쵶¡⺢⣬أԼֻ̤ţҲóԣ绹ǽңϾ⺢ҳڣҲûʲô𡣡
Ȼ֮ǰˣûлʺǾ仰׼仰˲ų˿
лʺ˵ʵʵ⡣
лȻԼ̣仰Ǵģۺӵˣ϶Ǹˡ
˵ʵաҵ׸ǳҽ½պ쵶ȫˡ
½һתЦˡ
ʺ⻰˵ˣ˵ȫˣ維ҷˣǿǸأ
ˣл̹˼⵹ǲҵ̫ĸң᲻ᡭ
ʲôˣ½˲Ϊ⣬̫ǻֳʲôüɻġ
Ҳлƣ½δĸҲ˵ֻһš
ʵأһһͷл˵쵶޵ʱ̫ӱϽΡ붭ȫˣ³˵Щʲô
һֱ׵ʱ˭ϽΣл̵Ļ˿
Ҫ˵һ²½˵˵ˣҵС޶Ҫ̫һˣȫˣʲôԡ
㿴أлֿˡ
ʺġ˼һ˵쵶ǻʼˣЩ飬ǵûʼ
Ǿˡл˵ɶ쵶ȫˣ½ҲвסɷɳףҿҪġ
У
½˴Ӧʹ죬һӣǽҴ˹ϵҲ½ףȻǻƫҡ½̫ĸңôһϵ͸ˡ
½˱Դ½Ҿͺܺãôһ룬ԼĴһ£ԼļױҲһݸ
ڴ㣬߹ȥʵôˣǲǡ
ɵһۡ
˵ʲôأ׸ýս˵Ϊǣ
ôᣡЩȣʺں󹬻أ˭ô۸ȥһʺټ˵鷳
ɶԺ󹬲̫˽⣬⻰΢˿
ҼҹЩӾҪˡ˵֮ڣ㿴ºòã
ɰһۡ
ʱʲô
Ҹ׼ɣΪԹҹҹţܵøҸͷɡ㿴ңˡ
ɱЦˣصһͷ
ã¡
⻰ȻЩΪʲôҪڴڣĺ뱧
ʱл߹˸æֿؿľڡֻϧͨĶ¶ǵ˼
лЦ˹ȥĵҲȤɱĵطȻҲܿСŮ⡣ؿһ˶ˣЦ뿪ȻˣϲСӡ
ɻصң·ֱ˵Ժӡ˵ˣЦŴȤҾ˵㰢һùûɣ
µͷֱЦ
Ůɵһ裬Լѽյ齲һ飬ĩˣʵۼ̫ӽãû°ɣ
¡ҡҡͷʺֻǱŪˡʵ̫ȵúܣлʺʵ֮ͣ˭Ū
΢˿
ʺ÷ūպأ
ûµġ˵ūС֣ܵôɰҪһʹͻؼҵġ
ū̧ͷֿЩɻ
ôˣʶˣЦʵ⺢ӣ·ôͲǵأ
Ц
ǲǻ·ǻ˸ݡҲλǷūˣһֳһ㣬ССˣôܼǵס
ԼҲЦˣػ·СһȷʵЩǲס
ʱҴҶĩƸ»ʮˡɺȻԼǿøѣ˸ɰ࣬ԧϷˮԼôôҰѼӴܡ
಻չϣ֮¡                        
лҪ˵е

 102 

￴Ƹ, ذһӡ໹ֻ㡣˸ӣ˩úŵ÷ūһ档
ʱÿ찡˸̾, ô, Ҫˡ
ߣ˫ֻסĸ첲ֳ֪
ҲĺӣҪ, ܲҽţ˵ԼҲЦˣ㿴ڷūСأһۣҲ͵ҪȢ޵ӡ
֣˵Ŷ, 㿴վվأ
ūǶȥ㣬һ, ŵ˵ϡСһҲޣĸ, ԼŴ֡
С޳ÿ, ҿɻǵõܸܵճء˵һת, ôˡ
֪ڿοԼ, ֮Ҳɢˡ
ǰ࣬˵ҶŮԵǳ, պҪŮǰһֱףˡ˵꿴ɸһۣ޵öãǲ˵˵պǿūϣǵˣ˭һѣĻҡ
ײһء˵ǰЩȥң̫ү˵ԼȻãүڼ£÷ū֮󣬾͹ȥɡ
Ǹá˺ǸˣǻңʦūպɾͲˡ
ūĸ֣תͷЦһ¡
㿴ūҲأЦ˵
̲סˣֳ
˵˵ˡ˿£½ǰЩûţæĻ¾͸õˡ쿪ʼ͸ߣܼҲѧˡ
ǡߺǸɰ
ۼڵ⣬ȫɴ󷿵ĶӸ𡣡˵Ȼô˵ǴĶǶ̡ǹ˱ӣҸ˵˵ѧѧպ޵½ңӵ˽ܵܵùһļױܲȫ¡
лסµ¸ˡ
ʱҴҶץ۾͵¡³һɵʺ˲ٶТ̫Ҳ˲ٶ
֮󣬼͵ſڣԥԥؿſڣְѻȥ
ȫ˵档ҿɫˣҪҪһ𣿡ſЦʵ
⻰۾ˡæصͷ˵ðð
ǻ˵ôģ
ԺΧһ𣬼Ҳȡй֮󣬾Ů˱Ȳ
ūȱߣͷɣգգ۾һ֡ôҺЦѡ
ȥ˵ūϴˣ
ɵͷ˼һۣС˵ȥ·һ
Աߣ⻰ҲЦˡ
ȥɡģǳ˽ġ
ɼָһ֮ȥԼԺӣٻʱһϮŮװǸ
ū㶵ؿɣ֮ƣãȻ
㣿
Сһ˵ŰҲѣ㻹Ͳʶ˲ɣ
ūŲһһ㣬öô໰ãһЦˡ
÷ɡү˵ꡣ
һˣҲ̫ܻ䣬తүԱɡЩţүȾƵʱֶЩ
˵⺢ӿޡʵҾñŮ޶ڡүЩƣ˵ûô˼ˣ̻ҵĹﶼӣȹԺ￴ķҪöˡԣպʥϲСӲڼ
ǡӦùҶ޾
⺢ҵʱô󡣡ү˵ŻȻһ£ԼﻹžƱ˼һǿСèƵġҲҼͶԵһޣľ۰
ǣڱӦ͡
үϵ򡣵ѧˣһҪܶ࣬Լļ򶼿Ҫˡ
⺢ӴС첻µز£Ҹ㣬⺢ʵСúܡү˵ʱݣ˵ɣҲòˡҸϾʹֳǺ˯ԶǰԼһšͰڻ˯ҹˣչ
ү˵꣬վƱһ£Ȼ͵ߡ
ôͺûˣүһۣСӣҵϡ
ҪȥþƱͱһ¸첲ʢˮľƺݸ˵
ӹүһָԼһ
Сӻ顣үЦȡ
үһͷ͸ˣ֮죬˵Сӣôûζ
а֪ǲǺ̫ˣͷЩľˣ
пܡүԼҲЦˣ⺢ӺðֳûˣûҾҪûˡ⺢ʮԺ͸ߣҸ˵ļʶ٣պЩ飬ԼǸ˾ʷûлûУ
ס˵ųʹ˸ɫүǺȵЩˡ
һ˵տǺȵĲˡ
Ҹ˰ү˵۾ȴˣԣָѹôõĹŮô͸СҪأ
ԱôȻֿҲ˳أ
Ҫ˵޺ãԶڼšү˵꿴򼾷࣬Ҫ׸𣿡
⡣Ӧʹ죬ֻҪܸһ׸ҲС
СӣүЦҸ˵𿴷ūСҿܴ򡣶ҼҾǸ̻ûôƣպǸ۸Ҿ͸Ҵȥ
һЦǺȶˣԼҲǻ书İ
һʵڿȥˣ˷үط
үɫҲˣҲûؼˡӻأ
УǾ͸ٺȡ
үƷãȶҲֻ֣һ˵Ļ˵ʲôʲô
˼үطˣҲɡ
ȥ㶢żӺѾߡԺſڿۻûУûУۼһˡ
ס˵׿ȥչ˵ɡ
¼״Ҳվ
㣬ȥ
Ϊһ÷趼ûøڡ⻰۰Ͱ͵ؿɣЩί
ˡ˵ԼԺӾͺáһˣ֪ľ㹻ˡ
µͷŮˡ
תͷ򼾷̲࣬סЦˡ
ҵܺȣû뵽滹
ҲЩˡ˵еΡ
ɫ˵ҿãһѾӦþûˡ
ˣ˵ŴӻͳһУġ
ɽӹӣ֮󣬷һöѪʯӡ¡
ϲ𣿡ʵԼ̵ġ
óƣӣܵ⡣ťΣϷ
ôʵ
㲻³Ժù𣿡˵ҾϷ㰲ġ
ɼģ͵Ѿ߲ע⣬͵͵һ¡
ûɻľٶһiujiĵأ۵ᶼˡ
Сأ
˵Űϸƣĵĵطֻиӡϣ˺ܶϸС˿ڡ
ϵĿӶǿµʱµģʵ
û¡˵Ǻþụ̂Щˡ
ƣ֪ҩ
ȥǵò˵䣬ôСӣͷ˶
˵䣬СѾ߶Ѿɶż֮Ъ˻뿪
·ôʪˣʵ
ղ常˾ƣ䵽һЩ˵
ɿ˿üͷ˵ⲻУͷô죿
תͷ֪˵īüƽյѣź򼾹ӻϡ
ȻǼҪ߰ͷѣ΢Щ
ҿд멡˵ŰѴϵãҪȻɾͶˡ
᲻ߡ˵
ɵһۣ˵ĥˣѾˣջҪأ
˽鵽ԺſڣѾںһ٣ŹӸ졣
Сӵ󡣡˵
һЦæվ
֪ҵġ˵֪㻹һǮ˵࣬ӳԡ
š˵˴š
㣡ɳӻ֡
ԥһ£Ϊƾټôһܵɸǰһ£
ɻûӦѾԶˡܻԺӣ֪ϵЦضزסˣ̫˼ˡ                        
лҪ˵Ȼֻһ£ǺܷԲ

 103 

ص, ƾҲеòˡѣøԼ·, Ц
īһվ, ෢㶣ԥһ˵ӣ
໹ڷûīĻ
, īˣҹӸʲôаǷ˼ֵһǰһɤš
ӣ
һ, Żعʲô£
Ͻϴϴ˯ɡī˵ûȥϴ, ɹø
ԥһ£˵Ͼ˼ҹ·, ó, ͷԺѾϴ˰ɡ
ī̾˿˵, ͷԽϴ, ɺã
Ѿߣ̾һ
Ͻϴɣⶼʲôʱˣ
ī˵кѾ߽Լ·ŵԼסĵطҹӱͲ, һ£ɵˡ
۾ϢʱѾֽΪ׵һ߹ȥŴӰ＾½ְá
ӡ
Сεεģž̹
һȻ﷭ڣһ˵
һߵǸѾ߸æСѾ߰żĺ󱳡
Ӿ³ͺˡ
ī߻ѾżࡣʮĹ֫һ㣬޹ǡ
¶ԺȥѾ
īôԼȥ¶˵ոջʱȥ𣡡
īЦһ£˵ȻͳԺֻҪ֪ʲôͺãҸղȥЩʲôûбҪ֪
ҲǸˡռĸ˵أ˵һɫˡ˼״ȥԺס£˳ԺѾߡ
ˣ١ţݵĶæ˴ѣҲСѾ߷Լ˹ȥ
ʲôأ˵ⶼʲôʱˣ죡
ϱ˵˽¶ǸӣЦһ˵˼ȻôīѾͷӵԺӣңҪģСʲô
ȥī˵
¶ˣ֪Ϊλĸ˴īһۣӾȥ
īˣ˵ͷΪչ˹ӡһˣڹߣָ˵ʲôỰأ
ûʲôˡ˵ղſǱ紵һ£Ъһͺöˡ
ԭŰīЩȣӻΪ֪أ
ô֪ܲأӹϵݹĲ裬˳־ߣ¶ѾĴҲǲֻ֪¾ҪˣۼҵĹ¡ҳָߣǻģպΪô졣óᣬѰ¶ĴǲҲûа취ġ
һЦˣ˵Ƿ֮
˵䣬¶˽Ҫ죬ͿīԱߣڼߡ
īЦӰӹѾ˵ﲻҪźˣȥɡ
¶ͷб۾࿴ȥ
ð鿴ۡЦһ£˵īȥͻȥЪŰɡ
¶û취ת˳ȥ
īˣŰѾݸ֮࣬˵ţǲͺӡ
һ߿ż˯ˣ뿪Ҫţīסˡ
衣ī˵ȥǱߣͷ˼Ұ֤¶һҡѾͷ۶أۼͷĹ£ȻҲǼӣǵײҡ
īѾͷġ˵һ㡣
ī˿СѾ߷ȥԼ¡
ڶգȥãīԺһż˴ٵʱ򣬾ͶСѾ߿ԺӣԼ׼ȥ˴Ժţߵ⣬͹˵ȥīԥһ£ˡ
ˡ
īݾ˿Ҳ˵ҳ֮ŷ¡
¶
īһ£˵ǡ
֪𣿡ʵ
īͷ
֪ġ
¶һԺһԺϽĺҲǺõģôӵԺﵽ˴ǸʲôΣ˵
ī̧ۿ˿ڼŮֿ򼾷ˡ
޷˵ɡ
īһ죬յԵһ飬ĩˣ˵ǲţȥ衣
˿Ŵī¹ЦӰ
֪ǸúӣβǿҲҸ¶Ÿɡ
֪Ҵ壬̸ڣݡȻū໥ӣеġ
ӵԺӶˡ˵ӾҪˣĴѾ˿ӡ
ǡī˵
˿Ŵīʮ߰Ĵﲻ˵ǹഺľžϲ
ڹԺӺš˵ӳ֮ԺӰ׵ˣ޵ʱҶ׼һݼױ
Ӷлˡī˷˷ģһᶢ˵ġ
ǰЩӽԺӵЩСѾ/̵Σʵ
īһ£˵Ѿѡ˼ˡ
˵ͷ˵˭ҵġ
ǰԺǮҵĶѾͷгСѾͷгǽׯͷĴѾͷһСŮ
˭պλãʵ
ī룬˵˭治ˡǱߵ֪ӽӴܶΣ˭ҲԽȥ
ǸʵϺӡ̲סЦˣһҾڹ°¶ؼң㶢ˣ̸Ǹ·ߣֻǱ˶£鷳
ǡīӦ
糿˴£￴ڣˣæ˹ȥ
ջȥûʵ
ɵģüֱ
أ˵ȥֱһѾˡ
أϸؿͷθ𣿡
šͷ
ô˵ҪҪȥл˸٣ҪʵܾͱӲţ
ôԼסЦˡû˱ס˵һ¾ûˡ
֪໣һۡ
ˣܣ糿ûˡᣬīһĴѾߡ
ɱ౧ţֵؿڣ˵Ѿ߸ʲôϵ
ͷ˵ûϵ
ͷûˣżһ¡
л˵֮ܿˡ
Ͷֵˡ
ĩæȻУʱæµķǡ
Ϧʱ򣬻ʵҪ̫ȺЩѣ½ῼΪѣ߹ȥʵüͷʲôأ
ָɵ˵ǻ˵ʣ
½ΪӶ£߶˲ٹҵ顣Цһ£ָ壬ƶ
¿ʶˡ˵˵Ұ㣬ʲôô
ҼõĹ𻨾ƣ̳𣿡
ԡ½Цָүǫ֣λǻ常Ҳ˸㲻ŵԣԱߣ֮ǻԱôȻδķӡ
һҿɾҸǰˡ˵
ұǴһڶô½ѹ̫ڸСҵ͵Լǲ˼Һ档Ҫ˵ֻҪҰĩүһá
룬е
Ͱ˵
ʱҴҶѩ͵˳Ϧҵһȥ̫żˡү˲ĳոӢ·߹ţȻ
үտÿ
Ҳÿأ
ү˴Ҳ̲סޡ
ɸһߣֱЦ
׽ջҪū𣿡ʵ
Сһﶼһˡ֮ǰ̫ҪҶȥˣʱٽСȥЩˡ˵ѾιˣִС˾˯
ɽմƷٷһȡһţ۾ֱˡ
ÿ˵
𡣡˵㿴źÿڳúܣʵ
һߵͷ˵أ¶Ҳż½ӣûھ
һӾͺ㵽
һ˵Ц˼䣬˵һȥֳϣﻹЩ
ײýš˵˸½˶ڣġ
Ҳ֪û˻Ҳ磬ǲЩҡһ̻ĹȻݣҲ컯Ūˡ
ǰЩӣһţֱΪĹϵռݶ˸߿һۡŶģһ鱦ֱֻ˵ױ˵ûƴǣϾңСʱҲûռϷϥ³л
ţ͵̫ɿ˸ãŴүȥһߡˣɣ˲֡
磬Ǹ⿡ʡҲѹҵΪԼǸ䡣
ɵһۣͷû˵
үһţ̲סһŷֿΣЩ˼
лҪ˵ҲһǸӷأ

 104 

, Ⱥοô, Ը, 誵ıҴĽΪˣλƳ̫ؼǣТ̫ӵŮڱ˻֮, Т̫Ӹ磬ҲԽͦš
лһţˣ̲סַŵ£ĵȥ, ĴȾһ¡
ʹæл̡
þٱˡлС˵ʲôأ
Żع, ˼ЦЦ
棬Ϧ̫û˼ˡһ, ҿڼҳһЩ, ҪȻġ
𣿡ʵ
ҡҡͷ, ˵մö, 䡣
಻ţһָ֡ȣŷġ
ƹѲ, һ˵ԾƣүֻϤͱү˹Ȼ̻ǶԽʯΪģǸүĵһ
Ƕû˼վ
ȥ¡Ĺ˵
˱ʺⶣչ˺û
롣
˵ɾȥ
ŮǱߣ½Ա߾£ϸ½С£ԽԽġµȽڣѾһȥ档
Ƕĵ֣ù˸л֮ԼҲ˹ȥ
ѻ۹Ҳס˹ȥ
㿴ʲôأЦʵĿǼӡ
鱻лְ̳סˣֻڻʹСΧһ¡ԣҲûʲôԣֱ㶵ؿŶ档
̫˧ˣϸֻ̾ŮװѾӢʮ㡣ռӢˬԱߵҲʲô
ŷ˵ϣϷǳɣЩաһ߿ţЩЦĸôô˼أ
ƫϴֽ֣˹˵ݹӲžһЩֵݹ֬ݸ˵󣬿ǲ֬ߡȻأ
ɽӹţȻϺõ֬Ũֲ̱ǣϣֲ塣
ְ·߳ƫӭ棬ײ˼ࡣ
ôҲˣʵ
Цһ£˵ˡ
ɰһۡ
ƶ죡
ס֣˵⼸նû㣬ܲ𣿡
¶ʮʵ۷ݼ١ѵϢôãɷǳˣȴô룬ŵĹͿˡ
𣿡ʵ
Цһ£صͷһ߿ţ˵Ķˡ
ᱧת˸ȦһæסĲӡ
ʲôأ˵ڻʹ
Ρںòײż㡣ҡ
ʲôأһ۵Ů˼Ļ
ɣһͬŷǼѻ۹
ѻ۹
æɣ˵
Ĭĸӷ߷߲ƽǵ㲻쳣ҲӦҪ÷ҪꡣϲĶӦúܶϸǰѡΪʲôе˶ҪҪ
СҵĹСͳƯ˶ܳͷأһֱʹѡȫҵν˹
ΪɫãʱǸȥϡʱл̲Ͱ
СһСƯƲۡ᲻ͿŵԼš
ܲᣬûлˡл֪Ժû˵ֻǰѸ׼Ľ趼ŵȻŲңҵ˿϶ҲŲˡ
ǳ谮Ůʺ˹ҲաУСӦýġôؾͱԼˡ
ʲôأ˵
ɿһۣСƽϡ뵽˸Ůȥ֮󣬻ôء
ѻ۹ʲôҾʲô˵
ҿû˽ᣡǿ̱ýҲ뺵ˣҪ˼ʼ棬Щĵ̻ѧһЩ˵Ĺ
Ҫ˵סˡСﶷ죬ڱ߿žͺˡ
ѻ۹ÿࡣһҲգֻǣѻ۹ˣҸδһ𣬿㲻˽ᡣ
㡭ѻ۹Լ·һȭ޻ϣǸ˽ᣡ
ɿܻӣΪЦôͲأ
ðɡҸδ˽ᡣ˵̹ѻ۹ңδ˽кγͷ
ѻ۹³סˣΪɻƱ磬û뵽ȷʵһ棬㶵ǵͨ졣
Ȼѻ۹֪˵ɡɵЦ⣬ɡߣͽһ룻зߣͽ꣨1ѻ۹˼Ҹͽأ
˧һߵķС˵ȻͱһЦͷ
С˵˾Ϳˡ
ͷס͡
ԭһֱɸ࣬ǶϯԼҲŹ˸˹ȥл˽Ƣճ۶ӣ쳶ŵԣ쳼ˣԼҲ˹ȥһӲҪһ
ҲܡǸ˽ᡣ˵žҪȥɣߣҪȥĸ󡣡
ݣһӾͶ㿪ְĸ첲Ťڱ
ѻ۹Ҫ̫ˡ˵һٶ㣬ǹƻӡȥҲ䶼֪
̫˧ˣ̲ס֮̾ͱס͡
ǾҪ¶ˡѹɤ˵
㣡Լĸ첲Ҫˡ
Ȼ̻󣬿Ҳ֪ܡŮˣǶϹӲɣҸӣ˵δ򣬻ھ¡翪ţ׵ŮҲǳе飬ô˼ѻ۹˲
һţĵڴµĹƤǲһ㡣
ԣѻ۹ͷŸɾһЩʼңڻʹ󣬽ỹССĹɣ
˵꣬ɿĸ첲תͷĹŮ
ջˣѻ۹ƷͱȻһԽΪϦʺͷʺ£ʺ𷣡
ǹһЦ˵ˡѻ۹ֻǸţδ⣬Կ㲻ԽҲ뿤ģʱӶ֪ʺġ
ſ˵ǻʺߵİأ£Ҫˡ
ѻ۹ߵĹ˴ȥɡ˵ΪߵˣҲ֪Ȱŵ㣬ùܣǺùء
лߵĵˣĹˣ
ɵıӣ˵˵
𣿡һü򼾷࣬ˣ
̲ססʲô˵컰͸ɲɣǻȥɣ˵Щˮ㡣
϶ںЦøˡ
治üѻ۹ô뿪⻰Ҫˡ
Ҳü⻰˵˼ˣѻȷʵϷϧ
ˡקקϣҲˣҲûȥˡ˵ˣҴ㿴֣ͷңǵøһ
СһֺĻ͸Ƶġ
ģ˵һ㡣
ôһ䣬뼾ص̫ûãϯͽˡػȥһЩᡣ
صңϴ֮ڴշתࡣоԼﻹϵֱ꣬
ⶼˣ㻹µʱ䣬෭˸£Ǳʮ껹ҪǿɰƯĹھȢؼҰ
˼Ϊƣͽ硣ϲڴźͷĹ˸ͷ
ǹͷָϥϣⶼǺġ
˵
⻰̧ͷһۡջҪƯüëģ·Զɽһ㡣ˮĴ۾ģֻһۣԼӶҪˡ
ڰȢؼˡ˵ߵɽǰס֣Ĵһ¡ŮϢԼ·Ұȼ˶޶˵
ڵĺһǣȥɵƤѩףΪ䣬΢Щ
¡˵˫ֻסļ򣬴ʻ£ӰԽԽڽһķ˿ɢڴϣ뼾ͷ֯һҲͬⷢ˿һ㣬ݣң㡣
΢΢ֻÿڸôī裬ͷʪһƬ
ԥһ£뵽֮ǰξ´Լߵǰ¡ְѲ
ڶգī͵͵رһ·ߣæסû취͸˸ǸīѾˣһӾˡ
߰ɣī˵
˿Ѿˡ
һǻʺټӡлؾðظͷسյǰһ˵л
лصĻ̲ס̾˿ý̵Ҳˣ÷ҲˣôͲأǰЩӸеףͷһסִԭΡ
ðĸŮ˷ֿУҪȻʼҵǱ˲ɡʼҹｾݹȻûǶͰѳߣССҵĹҲûģ
ʺﲻҪż˵£üʵ˵
ɷɣʺžİأô֪
Сĵذѷڰл̴ãֿ˿ڡ
մ˸ں棬ӹ»۸˵ûغã¶˸ѽƼˡ
л˿״÷ɷȥˡæµ޿ˡ
ʰͣлվ˻ʺ󣬹궼ġ
лҪ˵1ԡͳ
Ƿһ¡
ƪβˣСʹ뿴˭ķ˵߾дġ֮ǰ˵õģǷŵڴ

 105 

лʰͣʱ, ̫عڸ졣صͷס
ʺ, æϢ, վ
ض񡣡л̵й֮˵
л̰ʹҲûʲôˡƽһлл˵, ҲͻؼˡЩļˣȥԼҺӡ
Ҷɢ˰ɡл˵ֻǽղɣˣ˽տɼˡ
Ȼһͻ, ջúõģôͲˣѲʲôҲö, æӦˡ
Ҳ¡л˵
л̼뿪źЦ˿ڡ
·ݾҪˡý˼, ʹҳޡл˵, ȫˣǶˡ
лТ̫˵
һ, ҲЦſ˿ڡ
ȫǺøأ˭֪ǺӴϻ۹ˡ
л￴, ˼ȴˡղùȥеأ
һɢˣ˳˹, ˸ŶعȥСֻлˣڰʵ
̶л˼û˲ſڣǱߣ
޷л̰ڰ֣˼ĸŮ˼ˣõġ⹬ǼҲǹ˸ӡΣFȵòȡ
̫л˵㸸˵ǼҸҵǺȣһֱ̫飬ֻ˼Щڡ
л̲ס̫Ѩ˵ĸ׻ȥø׶ڵǼңûʲôϵ
л˲ƽˣл΢ˡ
ңлʵ
͵ƽݾͺˡл˵Ǳ߻ѧﲻϳ
л˵ͷ
Ǿ˰ɡҲСˣһĺѧʣ̽ĺҲͦõġл˵ֶأ
СǵǶ׼ƾ١л˶Ų豭һڣǣ
л̰ڰ֣˵ʰˡ׷ģȵúܡ
л˿ĸŮһЩҳл뿪
ϣлù͸ģ˵䣬͹ˡ
ʡ쳹ɵվ
ǿЦӰ˵ɷȻȥɣҸĸҪ˵
Կл̣ȴûж
Ͽ˵ûù˽飿лʵ£ʷɷɣ֪ˡ
ɷɣЩؿл̡
֪ˡ˵ǲΪΪ㣿
л̵ͷ
Ϊ쵶ʲôʱ飿Ǿȡ
ճϦ磡ͣҸȥ£һ˵ṇ̀ĸߵİؽ㶼ڡ˵˽ˣҪ
أл̣ôź򣿡
лһЦ˵쵶ǺӵһβμӳϦ磬㣬ðź򡣡
ܵл̵֣⺢Ҳ̫ˣĽ̵
ʻұ˰ɡһ˵ĸ̵ôãã׷˰˵ĸǰЩͷۣŸպãôһ
⺢ӣлֵ̼
˵ʵôͣǲģ¾ͳˣТ̫ΪԼ£ױȫȨĸͷҵĹҲ콨ˣĸҪߣйȥ̵Ҹʻףĸĸԩ
ץץͷл̾һ
ʺˡ
ѽס۾ӣĸ󣬶ȸˣ
˵꣬Ź˾ˡ
⺢ӣл̺ЦıӰĵŮġ
ҽմˡл̵ֻ֣ûùˣҲûԵɣҲԡ
µġл̵ʹ۾˵ҽҲû취ǲ֪죬쵶˵ʲôҪ治ĵɴǿТ̫ӵĺӰֻôܵˣ
Ҫܽˡ˵ſл̣鲻
л̿һִۣ
ʱôеġҿǲҹˡ˵Ҹ˾ô̵أصǶվʹԭΡңֺαأ
ӣ˵ܵҪ޵ģƢ˵ܼ޸˭
л﷭˸ۣȴΪѡ
겻ʮ꣬޶ڹܣܻüֻ˵ˣӹŲ֮ͲٻȥˡУʲôԷģҶţûĵġôˣǲ˽һأôΪļϵˣ
˵ʲôأסл̣ļϵˣ㡣
л﷭˸ۣ⹬һǹɣѲɶǰ裿
Ҳû˵ģֻǷֱסԹ˭أѹΣ֪ŵ֮ͻеڶǵʱΪԱҲֻˡ
֪ʲôֻ֪סԼһһµظĺ󱳣͸˸ոճǻһ򴦲˲䡣
л̣֪ԼίˡҲ֪ô˵κʱԵò԰סǣֻܱ
ҡҷһԷӵţȴи뷨
ʱҴҶһת۾͵¡ڼְɵļױһ飬ԽԽܡ
ЩСʱͿʼţһֱڡǰأװʱŮװҪˣ᲻áʮĹҪ뿪ˡ
ײҪġ˵ҲǳޣҲǲˡ
֣˵˵ϽСŮ½˼Ҹ֮󣬵ײڼڡ
׷ġЦˣҿпġ
Ҳġ˵Щݣȥ£ĸסȻأȥ˻԰㸸Ҳ˵˵ҪˣϿҲأ
ס˵һʱŻʵ̫ȥ̫Т̫ӵλİϤһ㣬ֿͷǸˣԼ
ʱһ˲͹ȥˣת۾¡һգ鷿飬Ϳһ˽
վ
үˣѲӵݵ
Ҫˣ/Ů֮Ҫ֪ġ˵ۼҲ˳ǰӷˣԣֻԼĦ
һ£ԼôĦ飿
úÿү˵Ȼ̫ϸҲƣƳЩŵ
ӹԷ˷
֮һһڡүּ˵ѪգҪ˼ҹһ¡жأҪᣬҪ³֪𣿡
࿴żүǳȡүϵҲЩ΢ȻѾ̵ӣ飬óĵأ
أҪүӲͷƤ˵־ˣһҲˮɡ
գգ۾ŴͿżү
ʲô飡ү̲סżһ££á
ǡ˵ףʲô־ˮɣ
⡭
үĵҪô㣬ѲɻҪһͬɣ
ԥһ£ôش
Ǳҹϸ
³ɵˣǸʲô˼
֮𰸶ǸԼúôĦȻˡ
ү˵꣬˦˦Ӿˣֻ¼Ųӷ
ӦòõЩɣవ룬ȥ¥Щ飬ܸöһЩİɡ
뵽ԼúúôĦһͷʱʲô̫ˣ
뵽ִ򿪻ᣬϸطȿµľڶҪ档
ңͼױǰһգҲһȥɵķ䡣
ס˵£
˵ͷˣͰѲ̯ɸǰ
úó򣡡
ɺ棬һۣЦˡ
ͼ˵˵ĻĶͦٵġ
ôڣ⻰̲סϾһ¡
⺢Ӻ˵ʲôأǸֶ֣𣿡
˵̲סɲ붴ҹ죬ŮɻƵġ
ף֡˵
أҲ̫֡˵飬Ƿ֮ͷܴβ;˼ŤŤŵģҲ̫Źүӡ
ˡ˵дա
³ˣúõĴʶôŮͱζأ
֮úÿɣ˵ǧǵǸ
׷ġЦòá
˼ȴܾЩԾʱһﲻú
ȴ֪ģ֪಻֪ģ֪Ƕô£
лҪ˵컹Ƿһ£죬ͳ

 106 

ʮ峿, ˯Ժľͱ֪ˡ۾㶵ڴϷ
֪С˵, , ٺȵˮ
òУҲֺ֣֪֮һˮ, ž΢һ㡣
Ϊ⣬׵ʱȻõĿ̡ҳֱεңջ֮󣬷סؿ
ԺС, Щڲ񲿵˰褸һ١
ھǰƾϲŪ, ˸ͷʱһ۾ˡСĹŮ, Ҫ, ᲻ð
Լûʲô飬۾, Ҳޡ½Ƽ, æǰ˵ӡ
ϲӣɲܵġ˵, ʲôʱʲôʱֲĸɣ
˱½ôһ˵ҲеǾɬɬġ
ɻǰһɫϲĵġڳڼ䣬ֻ˵̫Ӳ̫ˡ
˼Σ֪ǳ̤ѫȦˣȻϲԣﶼ˳㡣ϵҪһЩǡ
ңǰվͿʼ˯ãӲŮҽҪ밲Ű˯һ峿ˡ֪ʱ磬ڱ﷢īһţһ
˰˵ӾкСѾ߹ˣ
ͷû˵
īһۣĵҹһ죬ôһ쵽ˣûô˷أʵī֪Ѿ˷ˣŵֶ΢΢
ഩϲžǰԼĵ˵Ļ˵ûСǿƿ˽ŵòС
үݣż߽ЩЦӿ򶨣ʵżʱȶǶġ
ഹѵµһЩ񣬾ͳ˴šϸͷֱҡ
ɴϲȻСѾ˵үˣ˸ϲϵԹڣϸ֮󣬾ϸͷ
Ϊ˿٣߸˵ؽ˴ţȻҴ󷿵ĶӸ̫ӲӡӡĻſڡȻÿ϶Ц⣬ǿڼȴ⡣
ȻʫĲãǿüףټǰȥң˲ٱţǹ˹ء
˿ֱݡ
үռŮ糿˳߽̲סһ
ʱϵЦضزס
ڣʱˡ
ɱ˺ͷϲֳԼԺӡ˕FſڣſԼϡ
Ī¡˕F˵ǼСӸ۸㣬ȥ˵Ǿ̫ʷˣҲȥͷ
áЦӦˡ
ߣɱ˕F΢紵ͷһǣ¶°ͣ÷·Ƶġ
ڣ˽Ρ˸үſڣǸġֻСū£±ǰӣ˵ճżǵ
ɱûˣū仰еˡ
¼״æڡ
ģһأ
˵⻰¸æŷū뿪ˡСٶ˵䣬Ҫˡ
ʱѵˡڻĵǺƽźͷĵҲˡѸͷһǣ΢紵εӱһ̧ۣͿ￴
ĿԣЦһͷЩƫˡ
СأС˵
ͷ۾Ȼǰ棬ȴʱʱǱЦһ£ַ˻ȥ
ܿ죬͵˼ҡŴ󿪣һϲ˽Σͱץס֣ůǰ
ߵϲѶ㰸ǰְϲӵݵӹΡΡ˺ͷ
һ㶣֮Ϳ΢΢һЦüģЦ˵ģԼʧֽ꣬Ŷ֪ôˡ
һߵ˶Цˣ໥ͷӶ˵ĻҲ࣬üСӽ˺ˣȢ˸ôƯִĹټϼֺãֱһ
Ա˰ְ˸ã޶԰ݺͽ˶
˺ƣֽ˷ϲץȹʣŪͷ
ȥǰ澴ƣ֪ѵԹժˣԼಱӡȻźÿ߯ˡòӶԼˡ
ҪЩʲô𣿡īһʵҪ׼˲٣ı±ܡ㴽
Цˣ˵Ҫô鷳Ū뵰ͺáЩ̫鷳ˡ
ǡī˷СѾˡ
ӡĵԼҲٴΣյǸǰͬ趼Լϲģ˲ٹȻպסǷڣҲҪסյġ
ûһīСѾ߾ͻˣϴ֮Ҩһ׷Ž
̾ζΣīһʵ
ɵͷ˵Ϻ⣿
ǡī˵˵ϲʣó׼ġ
ɵͷЦЦû˵ȴޱ
ù֮󣬾ڡողɾ֣žʹ򿪣ʯ˽󻹸ҹϸһƣ滹дµ˾Τ
ȻӣͬΪ٣ǵúȵġʯ˵
һЦ˵ã
ӹŮݹľƱӾ͸ˡһȺ̲ס䣬Ȼͬһˡ
ڼҺúЪšںл˵أ
ʯļļ˵Сӿأ
ץץͷЦòá
һˡߵʱлԿż࣬˵ҶţȺСӲڽŵġ
л˸񣬶Цˣ̫˼ˡ
ǣϡī֪ǻ·һ£СѾ뿪ˡ
Ա𣿡ʵ
ɵͷ˵أ
ҲԱˡ
˵ԼȻЦˣȻ̫ʱ˶Щɵġ
ںɣ۽üҶŷ顣
ڳˡ౧סôãˡ
⻰򼾷࣬ʲôʱͿʼϲˣ
ˡ˵һգһμϲˡ
һμңͷ룬Եʱ򣿡
ıӣ˵أ
Цˣü䡣
֪ҵһȥҰݼʦʱ򡣡
ʱҾ;˺ƣãҲ֪Ķ˵֮أڴ¡Ұ㣬ﻹ㡣ҰʱΪԼǸ䡣
㵱ʱô죿ɺʵ
ô죡øˣҵʱˣڴ´һ֮꣬Ÿ׷ϵšʮģ֮ǵҲˣҲˣأҲͲˡ
˵һ¡
үҿһֻ·ҿĶ˵֪ǵǸ
һҲǰأɿڼ໳ʵĻůůģ᲻ó
ǲˣ˵һ£õʲô㣿š
ûа˵̧첲䣬ûζ
̧첲ʱ򣬳죬¶ѩ׹⻬Ƥ࿴ȥƲˡ
ʱ򻨱һ£
ʱˡ˵ǡ
ɼⶼǺģ֮Ķ
ðǡ
˵䣬ָӼĶͷػٻ촽
˯
˵֮ԼЦ
౾һ֮𣬼㣬Ӱ಻סԼ
˵һֵǧ˯ǿϧˣ
ʲô
ʱѾڴϣںڵ㷢ɢ俪ĵݰףΡ
㲻֪
ҡҡͷȻԼЦˡ
򻨱ֱ뵣ַ̧˴ʡСС޴·һƬ磬һ֧εֽƬ磬򸡡˱컯ϡǽس
ī֪ţȻ꽥ǵ׻ûгסĶ̲ס
ķԸС֮ҲҴҸ˹δڣҲ̲ס
֪㣬ī㣬ѾԸˣڣ
֪Ȼɵ飬ǱϾǼңȿī

˯ɡī˵ջвأͷɲܶˡ
ҵĹأԺͷĴѾֻһ˶Ժ£׽ùӵӡڿ֣Щˡ
ī˯ɡ֪˵̻ҪݻˣһĨڣÿأ
ī룬Ҳе
˯ţﲻ֪ҡ
֪ĵͷŴīϣ˴۵Сۡ
һֱûкˣʵ֧ŲסҲԺһۣ춼ˡ
лҪ˵ڶ޸ģרϸָܿ

 107 

ƽ, ʱȻѡԺۣҪ֪, Ȼ費ԡһ, ŷӦԼѾˡ
˶Լ౧һϡתƼࡣ
ʲôʱˣԺʵȴšɵ, Լ
ʲôأʵɵأ
ⲻ˵㲻֪˶ٴΡ
ӣ
˵ҲŷϲƬơ˼һ, ־Ҫȥڵϵ·
˵˴µݸôһ, һҪԡأ
֪Ҫԡ㻹㡣˵һø
˵, һ¡
ø밲أ
࿴һ, ˵ǿ밲ġ
˵ˡһ, ⿤͵ˡûҶûѰ˵պס, ǻҪ밲ġ
ôð´֮źī
ˮ׼˰ɡվ, Ьʵ
׼ˡīӦ᷿ԡͰںˡӾùӸ̻õȥԡȻͷ衣
ôī˵ܶԣתͷڴϱŽɡ
ҪȳԵģ
á˵ƿ˴ÿŵ㡣
̷ģֳɵġϾСԤˡīЦ˵
⻰ǰһ졣ֵҹƣ֮˯ˡ
Ը׼ĵĶɰԵġȲţžûع
Ͻȥԡɡ˵ͷˡ
࿴ӣ˵û¡Ķ
Բ΢һЩֺһ裬Ųȥ᷿
һˡ֪󣬿ϵǵ㣬е㲻֡
ôˣ˵ŵͷһۣ֪Ϊʲôԭ켫ˡ
ද죬ϴ֮ýɾ¡ǱߵˮһʱЩԳ룬˹ȥ
Ƕȥ׼ɡ˵
תͷһۣһ۰Ͱ͵ؿ֪ģ˵ȥɡ
˿֮ˡ
ӣϸذɲź󱳡
Ƥѩף滹ջúĺۼŲţĳЩ⶯
ͷһ£һ£㡣
ůˮɣߣġ
ʲôתż࣬ո۽ǵĺΣޱߡ
ˣ
˵Ͱˮﱧֱŵ᷿ϡΪҪԡ᷿ʱڻ˼裬ůġ
㡭ɵĻûڣͱĴסˡ
˽һˮ˳ָεϣһ
īţ̾˿кһСѾ߹ȥҪһЩˮ̨֮ϣԺİϵܡ
𣿡ʵ
ҡҡͷ뿪ڣȴȻôСһСһһֻƤ۷俴ˣϿ˹ȥԽĻ꣬Ļ
ôСһУһȣϵ£ߡĽֺģգԲ
ϲ㡣૵˵ǳϲ
ҲǡɺӦ
ͬյ࣬յġڼĶ·Ƶġ
˺þãɸŶԷ̲סЦˡ
ȥŪˮץµǰ
µĴϵãЬߵűߡ
īСѾߵˮ
īӦˣæܿˡ
֪ãǲЩͷԡ֪룬˵ţȥ
֪˵վͳݣÿСѾߵſͰȥһ£Ŵ۾Ŵīָָ᷿һ¡
īͷ˵ȫˡ
ͷ֪ȥһ׹ӵ¹ī˵š
á֪˵꣬æ˻ȥĵˣҲ߯ˡ
ˮԼɢ˼Ƶġϴÿ죬ˮȴīѽǱߵĶ˵ҪҪ㣿
Ҫɾܾʹ죬ʲôʱˣ£
𣿡Щ٬༸²𣿡
ͽӣ
˵֪꣬īͽˡְ˽ŵػ·صҡ
ɿһ֪׼ԵͷȻǿڴ£Ѿܺˡϴſȥѹһͷ
ҷֲûӴǺͰסҲưǣ
֪˸˷٣ϸظüëͿ˿֬࿴ȥ©˰ġ
ɽմ˺ɫ֯ϰīٵȹԵׯţյȣһ˵ķˡ
Ͻߣ˵˼һ£ʲôʱˣ
˵䣬ͷϵĽҡһһεģҲһһġæǰסɵ֣˵̫ˡ
ɰһۣ˳ȥӣҲЦ˴š˼粢һԺɨ˶̲סͣסĻơ˵½ŵǸˡڿȻ鴫Ʋۡ
ү˴ʱҲһ˸˾ͼҴҵظϹ
үˣӸ̳ˡ
ү˶һۣæѾ߰׼õĶó
ҿ׼ˡ˵⺢Ӳġ
⺢ӿѡүҲһ߸̾
˾Ůֿһ飬˵һ񣬿ôأ
ү룬˵֪ߵĹ˭
ϡ˵֮ǰסʱҼΣТ̫Ͷ
ͺáү˵һǰߣͲܡǰϲߣǺӳĳҪӣˡҲ˵ȥҵҲ޷
ү˵öԡ˵ϴ϶ǱߣСڵȥͺˡ
˵䣬Ѿߵ˴ſڡ˽˿һֻۣվŮСѾͷһ۷ȥ꣬Űڵǰ
ɸһۣ˫˫ڵϡСѾ˲ɽӹȥؾ
׺Ȳ裬ĸ׺Ȳ衣
úúã
ЦŽ˹ְСѾŵĽеݸ
лĸסЦ˵
һѣù緹û
⻰һ죬˵ֻԵġ
ڴȥ̫үϷˡ˵˼ˣϲϥ
ǡɺӦˡһץ֣ЦͶֵˡ
̫үȻǸĳȴһֺõǵ̫үסľԷʱ򣬼̫үոջѣڸϷ˵
̫үϷˡү˴ӸˡСѾ˵
Ϸһ£˵ǺȢĲǸô͹ˡ
̫үЦˣָָϷˡ
ǺǴ䣬Ƕ밲ѵ𣿡
Ϸ˵ͷСѾ߰Ͷ
ɽ֮󣬾͸˫˫֮ϡ̫үɣТ̫ӣһʱΪп
Ǻúӡ˵Ժסˣǵû
Ϸ˱ƫۼ࣬ϲúõĹɣЦŰԼߣ֣ϸһ顣
סûϰС׼ĳʳɻ⣿ǲϿζͷԸȥ
һ̲סĸϲɫõġ
ĸס̲ס˼Ϸˣӽ÷ġ
ǸãϷ˵žЦˣϱţǾ߰ɡ
֪ŹأԼҪϷ˲˵ģϷ⻰ΪȫԼӡϾʵʵϱܲԼվšǿԼܵãⲼˣɾܲˡ
˼̾˿ĸƫģϱͲϱˡǿ˵ˣϷǸʲôɲܲҴţҪָĸһġ
ƶ죡ϷЦָ˼һ¡
Цųɼ۾͸żү뿪ˡֻɸľԷ
ɺٽӴˣΨһӴҲǷʦ̫үĸȣĸˣܱһľ롣
Ϸ˴Ȱ˼Ľ֮顣һٷõ죬ֱǿˡϷ˶Щᡣ
պæǵӡϷ˵
ĸġЦӦ
˶ˣ̫үϷһ𣬺Ǹ̾
⺢ǺúܡϷ˵мʶ
ڳ͢٣㣬չЩá̫ү˵
ϷԵһۣ˵ʲôˣȻᣬڳְ͢λҪһЩأ˼ҺӶǿŸ׵պĺӣĸ߶йϵǱӺ̫ˣ
̫ү;ڣ˼˵Ļϸ˼һҲеǷҸңպ󣬲ûзչ
ɸصԺ΢һ£ȥ˼Ĵ磬һѾˡ
̡ǲӹ˵һ緹ԼԺáһȥݡߵ˵
ûۣ⻰æվ
лĸ
һЦ˳ȥ
ջķᰡ
ɿŶĺӣԼҲЦˡ
ĸĸ׶ܺͰ˵ɩɩҲֻܺյϳסչǲ㡣
ûϵ˵ļ򣬡ǻ֮סĿݵʱأҿҾ͸ңĸĸأǾͻذòã
ɵͷվһ¡
ˡ
˵ߣ÷ȥ
ɵͷ˹ȥ
Ҳûʲôõģɱ߱롣
лҪ˵ǲرķ

 108 £׽棩

, 峿һ´ˡ׼Ь, ס
ʲôʱˣʵ
îʱˡ˵, Ҳɡ
Ǿһ˵ӣòã
ɵĶͷ˵ã˯ô죿
Ҳԡ
˵Ҳɼ, ˫§
𣿡ƫͷôϣŪġ
𴲣
ɿɣվ˵ϡ˶һۣЦһ¡, ʾ֪ǽ
һķ١˵Դϲôӣѹòۡ
տɲɡ֪˵, ջţҪ¡Щźá
ʱⲽ, һϻ, һ֧ӣ˵
ɿһ, ͷ֮, һ塣
һʯġ˵ҵң˵պŮװʹӡ, ҿոպá
أ˵ŴյɸǰһԶ
ɰһ죬һѣ֪æأһȥҡ
ԱϣױǱһۣ軭һüë¿֬תͷ޾ס
˵ߵɸǰʡ
ɿһۣͰ˨ϡָüЩԳ
ǵøϿߡ˵ٴȥ¾߲ˣ
֪ϵȹӣ⻰Цˡ
û˼أ˵
˽ȥү̫үͳ˴šǰСúȻ˹
ɩɩպҪס𣿡
ͷ˵ǰ£
Сָǰ˽ʣźԥԥؿ˿ڡ
ڼ𣿡
һ㶣һʱ䲻֪ôشˡԣҲûʲô
ɼԥЦһ¾ߵǰӣСͷ
СģԺҲι죬㲻׽˵ЩɩҵĽС̵ʱɩ㱧һֻΣ
ģ۾ģֱȻһ£ô֣ҴСһֱŵģ
ǰЦŵͷԸ⣬ȥϲֻͱֻ
̫ˣ֡
ڼҹԹԵġ
ͷǻӻ֡
лɩͲˡ
ɿСıӰ⼾ﻹɰ
ˡ
˵ȵˣŻӶµµʻֱ֣ҡ
һҲΪ
ôˣүŷūʵ޺⼸նġ
һ°˵һﻹһʶ㣬ⶴҹģ¡
ʲôү˵Ҫ֪¥ŮϲΪǶûĶࡣ
һ⻰˲һǰšסүĶ䡣
϶аԼŮ¥Ůȵ𣿻У¥Ůӵ飬֪Ļͦ࣬ȥ
ϢŭϢŭү˵һʱڿѡɱˣ֮ǰңҲûٿǲȷʵȤܶࣿ뷿ֹ֮뷿֣֮ص֣֪öˣȤǣ
ūԼҵϣСֻ㣬ֻ˼Ц
˿ԼҶһۣϵľԽˡ
ϲߣŷūϹ˵ʲôأСǴˣȫѧȥ
үͷһۻЦķūĵСպ󶮵öһҲûʲôáʲô֪ˣܲױȥ˻ꡣ⻰ֲõ˵ֻǡ
˵䣬˹˵үˡ˰үһۣæߵſڡ
ɸִһۣͿɵ޷ЩɢңĵǸճ׵СŮ
߽˫˫˸үһ£صͷ
ɽմţ˽Ρ˼㣬֪˸ܺá
ү˵ȥңŷūҲ˹ȥ
˰޷ϸ˵үɺã
ɺͷʱЩƣǲ˼
Ͼͻؿˣ˼װûɵı飬ʵ
ǡɴЪվҪˡǱߴɩɩҪĸ밲߿϶ϲϡסȽϷ㣬ҲöλɩɩԹԡ
㹫ĸʵ
ĸǺͰ˵λɩɩҲܺơֻǲѶǶϱֻһ㣬쳤ؾõģܻԹԵġ
˵ͷ¡
˵öԣҪϸպ޵½ңҲҪһ¡
ǡ¶ס
ʲôʱȥƣֿɡ
ա˵֮ס˵ĸ첲ף
˿ſԼߵɣ͸Сʱûʲôɵıӣ˵ˣգүסףùԷΣ
ˡɲ˲ˣ֪޺ڶ죬֮һ˲䶼֪ԼĶ
⺢ӣ˸̾գ½˸ᣬ¶ĻڴžںꡣҾ룬ֵ˼ҶӣʵǼŮ᲻ð
Ҿ;Ц¶ǶҲǡ½Сӽ³˵껹أʱ¶Ҫܲ׼
ЦŵĶͷ
ʲô˵
үȴЩ˳ۣôõĹŮһת۾ͼ޸СӡūСΪ࣬ҵǣʱҴ󷿵ĶϼҴڵľˡ䣬Ǳǹ˼
أ·ϣɿżʵ
ţ˵žͿɼϣͷΡ
ԣЦŴ䡣
װˡ֮ǰҵô඼û£ôˣ
ˡ˵ͺˡ
ӡ
˵ţȴѿ䣬øһ㡣
˿˸ʹɱ豾˵״ЦҡҡͷֻصԼסӡ
֪īһۣĵֵ˯ˡȻŮڶ࣬ɸ඼ϰǰź򣬻ˣϰأ
Ȼǰնһ峿ҪˮҲ˵֪īģ־ҹī˵ˡ
ȥ£϶ˣڸﻹܲԾŰɡ
ðɣī㡣˵ջأ
ҲܱТ̫ǰ˾ͷǿɡ֪˵վѡСѾߺúõ/̡
īİɡ֪˵ȥ£ǲܶ˾񡣡
ɸ֪ջ飬һҲͰˡԡ֮ӵߡŮҲ˯˸þ
лҪ˵ЩСձ֤ܷ

 109 £׽棩

ɸൽ½, ɽˣеӢ, ŮĽ, һ˲Ŀ⡣ǵӴĹһһ
λǲǾǻһŶɫµĹʵ
أһŰɫĹһ߽ӿڵ״ԪνһȥˡҸ˵, ʱӢúܡ
ɸǵĶԻЦ
ĹŮƽɶΪأ˵ǰЩ˵, ŮӸһɶ顣ϵѧģѾʫʸ踳תΪϰأ
ͦõġ˵, ǲܿƾ٣ѧЩ, ҲչǺõġ
˵͵µĺšϹȥ, ûһ֨ѽһͿˡϴһɫ, Цؿǡ
ˡТ̫߶þˡ
һһ·ߵТ̫ԺӡսԺ, ͿТ̫ſţһɫİȹټ޵ķ, Ե
ĸס˵ǰסĸ첲ĸ׽Ư
Т̫Ķͷֿ򼾷ࡣ
๪һҾ
ĸס
úӡ
Т̫ͷ͸һݣҲ˽ȥ
СүɺãТ̫ɵָ֣żʵ
áɺͷ
ǼأТ̫ʵ
á
Т̫ŷĵصͷ
ʱ˸ӹТ̫ȡݸɡ
򿪿˵
˫ֽӹӣСش򿪣һ֬ӳᣬӨ׹ϸ塣
ǵҳ޵ʱĸҵġٸ㡣ףǶһӶ
ǶһǺͰѺӵݵТ̫ǰ
ĸҴϿɺã
ðТ̫ЦŽӹӣȡӣɴϡĹǼƫϸһЩǸТ̫޶
ÿ˿ƽҪٷˡ
ɵӣТ̫ɵıӣǴҪҪ
ȻҪ
ɵǸŮңƫʯӽ⿴ӣʶ˵
ҲԡТ̫˵ʵ׶˵ʺӺ֮⣬˴󲿷ֶʮŶʮкӡ겻ʮ꣬ˮӹǳɵҲһ꣬Դ˺Ӷáֻǡ
˵Тָָ̫ࡣ
СԸ⣿
Цŵͷ˵˵ˣ֮ŲܣݼҲǿԵġ³ۿ𣡡
СأТ̫˵ܺá
ɵͷ̬ӷТ̫һ߼ˣ⼾ࡣ
Т̫ùһիɽ·֮ǰĹһ￴ɼۣ¶ʲôƵġ
ɻصջѣ˹
˵⿤ˣ
ҾȫȨˡ˵Ҳ֪ҰãʵûʱڳԺ
Ժ˵ǰԺأʵϾͬһ㿤ǰԺҪӴͬšȻڸǱ1һ٣ʱ䳤ˣиǨΡʱ򣬸˭Ӵأ
룬˵֮ǰڽʱ򣬸ߵ⣬ΪҪڽ괦⣬ͻī˶ǰԺɡͷٴһ麢īš
ǡ˵ǱǱߣ
۰ɡЦһ£Ǻͦġ
ˣҪߣֱɽסˡ
ͷ̵ʱһ˵ý˵ҪֻСèȽˣѡ
ūˡ
ܺãСӸùϵ͵ڸĸùϵô
ǰԺ飬˸ȻԺͬڼңôҪ
ɲϲ˯ﲹʱȥ鷿ѡһ飬һյҲȤ
ԲһˡɢɢѾֱ鷿ɼˣҲûָָֻԱߵӡ
Ц߹ȥ£Լһ裬һŲӡ
˵
ǰ˵ܺã㳢
磬ԶƳ鷿Ȳ迴飬˭Ҳ˵ż̧ͷһЦܰڡ
î꣬ƿ¼䣬Ǿ˲ˡǾסܱš
£ǻǺȡõʱ򣬻·ԺЩ˵ʱΡ
ʱССкûʲô𡣵ʱҲ֪£о˼ڿôȵգ
Ե٣ҶүҶүҪˡ⳯͢һ䶯ֻΪʱж̣ûа취
£ŰʱΧһȺڰǰˣ൱ڰֻ̤˳͢˵ϲˣ쳤̾Ǻһо̬
³ˣڴ·ڣ˾߹һݾڳʸɡ
䡣˵㿴
ɽӹһ£ԭǸ̲ܼҵĹޱֳμԣͬ۾֮˹ٸ
ܹأʵ
شˣ档
˵ﲻΣһ˵޷
˵ǣ˰Ѳޱˡ
ޱһɫֱֻ֣˸ڡΪйδ֮ǰڣǲùġɿǰһѩһĹøС
Ϊβμӿƿʵ
شˡΪơޱ˵ҸǰЩڽȥˣΪ˱յĹϵһֱšҸ粡صϢȿֺһӾҼܣﻰҸĸһھǹˣҼҪǸ
Ϳ˸
ǡޱ˵˾ˣ⸳˰һ룬Щ˺ö໹ҪҼңҲűȡҲŵ٣ֻҪܻż˾ͺá
ɵͷʱл˹
лˡվ
񡣡лʾ£кξϣ
һЦ˵ûУܹϹڣ٣ӣⲻ˵İɣ
лźЦ˵ûȥʲܼˣ治ˣ
һ˾ة˻˵شˣܼ˵棬ǻ˵Ӳܹ
⻰̲סЦ
ȥ˵ܹϵĹڣپǵôӡô˵Ͱѡɡøǿˡ˵һ£ˣϧëݲñˮϹ£Ͱ賯͢ٲʼҵɷҳǿ
ޱһߣɣ۾ġȻǻ˧
ܼ˰ʮӣлԾǻؼˡޱһ㶣̲ס̧ͷɡ
ӲˡôУǲúúооЦ˵ؼҰĴţʮӣЪһʱˡ
лˡޱ˵
µġ˵ȥɡ
ޱ˼Ȼת
£ɺʵ
Ҽޱ˵µʱ¡
ޱ˵ˣЩͷԡ
лһ߿ţĵպǶֳͷμӿƾٵĹԽԽɣǺã
ô׮ӡл˵ܹȻ۾ҲȲѣңΣ֮ǰЩơ
ҲЩѣϾڴλϣޱôС
ҲǡлԹԿ˿ڣŮͺˡ
л⻰ʹˡ˵Ů˼Ҳ٣ǳҲ١Ҹ̣顣
ŶлԱ˺ģ˵
Ů˼壬ŮϾͱ˵һͷ˵мԸΪ׸Ը׸ģǼƶ쳣ӻ߼ҵĺӣĸûˣֳ䡣ˣԹޡ
лԵͷ⻰ȷʵе
ڽʱ򣬾ü׮ǰ˶ӣ̳ϡ˾ͱ˱ĺӹ˵ߣҶҪӹ˵˵ɲ
ȷʵЩ֡л˵ȥʥϡ˵ʵҲգ㣬ⰸôô
ס˵֥ޥ̾лΪܹԼ䡣
ġл˵
ǵлԵĻҲòܼҹ
ʥϡлԿ˿ڣԲܼҹţպⲻ鷢йҲһ˹٣ʱδ
ԥһ£˵޺ú롣
л֪漰㣬ҲöԣԽ˼Ů͸ˡ
ǵһȥʵл̡ĻʺȻȴ뵽ϡԼȥи𰸡
лڿ׼ļױӣ˸æѵӷŵϡ
ʥôˣлʵ˭۸ˣȥ
ָָл̣ѽյ˵
˵Ҹô죿ʵǲܣպл˵ô죿ǹˡ쵶ĹҲͷˡ
лͷ˵ʥϣʲôǺù٣
֪ΪʲôôʣʵʵػشϵգǺùˡ
һһӾҵҵΪΪǸ˲ŷǸŮˣô죿лʵ
룬˵˶ˣô죿ôһù٣ѵ޻Ҫȥڷرʬģǻ
ǲͽˡл˵ָָǰһأȥ꣬쵶ǺΪϲ٣Ǻô˵ģ
ҡҡͷϾȻۻǻʵۣ̫׽Ǻ
Ǻ˵ΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽ2л˵ôһù٣پŮǲеˣңŮΣһΪ񣬲ǹǿ̫!
һ£֪λػ
ңŮӲμӿƿҲиȥֳˡ룬Ƕɲе°л˵߹ȥļ򣬡Ҳ˵ˣŮѡܼҹﲻΪøĸ׺ùһЩҵ˼緣¡˲⸳˰ͷ˰һ벻ͺˡ
룬л̵֡
̶˵
ڶգּһƬ֮ջؼ̽ӣǳ޻ʵع֮˵á
ʵۣܵյĳޣӡ
ҲЦˣ棬лʺֱʰɣ
лҪ˵1õԿĳƺ
2ľ
ǲǷǳķ

 110 

, Ȼηϲ̫·, ܾô۵ûšԿĻڵر, ůġ
һգ֮;ͷΣ֪ɫԣԥſ˿ڡ
, ҪҪŮҽƣ
¡˵ڴˣ׼һ뽪ͺá
ǣ֪̲סһ½ţСӿ˰ˣŮҽ򣿡
áɻش, ϶ᡣ
뼾ÿ¶ҪһӣԸеǶʱڡϾڳ̫͢ȣá
һأ֪, ûµġ
̾˿˵аɡ, ù緹ȥ롣˵, ÷֪һһէģûӰûҪ
ǡ֪˵
緹ʱ, һ¶, ȻһʪüͷȻ
ù緹֪Ҫžͱסˡ
Ůҽˡ˵, СѾ߰һѡ
ǰɣ֪Щģػض
Цֵ˵Ķͷ
Ѿߣﶼ㼱ʲô
֪ţҲ֪ΪʲôǾóԺӦøϿиСޡ
ô˵ˣЦʵǲСŮˣ

֪ţ͸ˡ
С֮ǰ͹һΡˡ˵СѾߣĩͳޡ
Ҳޡ֪˵
֪أѵúһءɿȤ̲ס
֮ǰʱ򲻻˵޵ôֲˣʵֳѹŲףīҲó޵ġ
᲻֪ͷ˵
ɱ⻰Цˡ
ɵѾͷǳˣҲǹӡϲҹʲô𣿿ˣ˵ģ˾͵Сޡڶ˾ܻҺӵĸ𣿡
֪ͷ룬Ҳе
һƾʱŰʱȴֳװ֪裬Щ̨
Եܲסɵͷ磬ĸ׽ԴŽԴҲǺֳȻʤƷֱû뵽ֳ
ϣڸ¶ޣɴðǰڸ¶ſڲ뿪
޷͵͵ǲȥл̡
л֪ϢһЦǰǻǲ˹ֻðȥ˸¶ں˴ɡȴʪ
ɻˮܵģòϧ˱пɺ֮л̿һۣͽ˸¶
﷢̧ۼʶл̣ϳһĨЦݡ
̶ˡ
лŮôӲ·˵ҿչˣҪȻɵһҹ
ȥܣŮһҹΣ
л̲סЦˣ˵⻰񡣶˵̸֮и׷ҪŮеġ
Ȼô˵ȴ̲סֻסͷ磬ã
˹ȻǴģ˵ȥҲͰˣȻܻ¸ѿй¶˳ȥȴˣŻʲô˼
ǻʵҪﰡл˵ӹǲãһҹ˵䲻ģһи̡ˣɾͲôˡ
ȸ䣬˵˸˵ȥ¾ͲҪˡ˵ұ֤׼̫
ǡظһ˳ȥ
⽭Դǳ²Ĵ̲סǸ̵Ļ¸ѿ͵˳˵֮ӣֶϲȫ
л̼˵üһݵɤӡӹ豭һھˡ
ŰգھӼ죬ȥ̫˵Խգҳȳ£
л˵ȻѾˣŲȲ¡һˣȥҾãȥˣԴΣҪǰѧӣܲܺЩġ
쵶ȥ˵лԲվҪ쵶λá
쵶ܺʡл˵ֶŮŻʼҵּ⣬ֻ£и
̫ʦ˵˵ǶΪ˼Ҳ顣
л⻰ͺЦǶ˵ͽܣǷ̫үŮʲôɷԣ
Ҳ쵶⺢Ӻʺϴ¡л˵⼸ְû˸˵һ֡
⼸꣬ǳվ̫һߡūѾˣǰЩӸս̫ӳӵİ˵ǰĺѧʲô翪ɣͿʼ巹챻ˡ
ƫϲСӻãû˵ǣǲҩ࣬Сһˣӵл̼ˣֵ쵳ͷ
¼СӲˡ˵Ͼϱְߣܵ𣿡
л⻰һЦ˵⻰ɾ˵ˡСƷǰͲ쵶˵ˣ쵶⺢ΪʲôѡҹӣΪڳ͢١ҿСӶ쵶أΪ£᲻˵ġ
ͺá˵ҾּǶȥ
ɸӵּ⣬ﶼܸˡǶǰ굽ȥȻգһڡ˶Լ쳤ëˡ
ɣС͸Ÿݡܣһطֱﻵˡ
֪˹ӣǰ˵հʰһ߶߶
Сӿ쵽ˡҰѶ׼ˡСţõʱҲ˵ЩˣͲҪ̰ˣöۡ
֪֪һЦ˵ҪҸɴȥˣ
Ը⡣֪˵ֻǶĲʱҪȻӷǵøһȥ
ЦЦ˵һֽģڣİɡ
֪̾˿
ҪŰһ𣿡
˵ʲôأЦгŻҪŹġѾ߾ͺˡ
Ҳ֪Ҫá֪˵ԺĶҲһЩȥòνܱҪʱûǿ
ĵѾͷɳ޵ֲ۳ŹԸһȫߵġ
֪Լ̲סҲЦˣȷʵֵЩ֡
Ҳˮ·ǵײȥ귽㡣£ѴڣϷ缱˸ߣɸδˣ˸찵أЩ²
ڶϣأŲĹɸ´˼
õûʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ô졣ֱ֭Ҫ³ˡ
˼˵ҵǾˣ˴ͺһЩ
ɻǾķڣûһ
أĺ󱳣ҪҪƣ
δʲôеġɵһۣ³úܶˡȥ˵δҲΣ˭ҲûҪЩ
ȻɳЩӸо˺ܶ࣬Ȼ糿𴲻öģǵױ֮ǰǿ̫ˡϧӶԼ಻ãεô²
ڣ˵һɫ֪ӢæȥԼǰ׼ԺϢɸҲûƴǣ⼸˶ˡ
ϴ֮ڴߵļ࣬ôⴲڻΰ
ҲôڻΡ˵˯ɣ˯˾ͺһˡ
ڶգɸఴʱ˿ŶԷ̲סЦˡ̫Ǳˡ                        
лҪ˵ڿҪˣЩӡ



Ӣ֪, ſ˺üȦڰɸˡ
λ, ˡӢ˵, λٲСС֪ãҪȺˡ
ӢǼү໹, ˵⡣
Դأʵ
סĵطأӢһƲ죬λ׹ݣ˭Ҷ
⻰Ӣʹ˸ɫ, ǰǻʵĻ׹ݡ
ԴǸأʵ
ӢԿЦһ£˵ҲǱأ
һ﷭ôĻɣ˵, һŮ죬ôóŸ̽Ӵ
Ӣͷ, ˵˵, и¡½ͷ͵
ǽԴ֪飿˵Ц, ֪, ͽˡôֵ
ӢŸ򼾷ࡣ
˵õףǽԴҲⰡ, ⣬ҲøҰӢ˵֣֪ƶӵܣһһġԵʱ˼үۣǵĹˣҵﲻ𡣡
֪Ӣ˵ʵ飬ҲûΪ
ûϵ㲻ңҸҡ˵վߣȥԴȥ
Ӣ֪λʮ㣬һ
Դ֪뼾Ҫδ¡Щģ⼸ԲȥԴˣǰο䣬Եǻʵ۵ֶŮֶŮкοηʱ򣬾Ͱѹͺˡ
һգԺĹ裬ˮע뱭У뼾ൽˡ
治ʱ򣡡Դһ䣬ȥﻻѡ
ţԴˣС⡣ǰŮ·ӹϸ潭Դãֶƽ·ϵ壬һߡ
¡Դ̧ž˳ȥıӰȴܾЩ̿֡
ԴݣͿˣӢæվɸȴһ
ôļӡԴ˵
һЦ˵˵ˣڲǻǴ䡣ٷ᲻ϵðɣǲϵã㣬Ҳϵðɣ
ԴɽӴ٣Ϊǹ̰棬ʵֵòֶŮλ񫡣û뵽˵ֱصӡ
һ͸û뵽һ֡
СϵáԴ˵ֻƾ֮£ʵС޸ɡ
ô˵Ǹ͵ҲˣЦʵһԼôİ
˵֮󣬻ԴͷϿȥ·һƬ̲
ԴǺĵǲӦŮ٣ʲô⽲˿˼档
ˡֿ˿ڣС˵ļҾ죬飬СԼͺá
һü˵һ⡶ɡûб죬ū澷Ҫ̲ܽңղŽ˵ļҾ죬˼Ǵ˰ɣļҾɻúôأ
Դ⻰亹乡λôר˵©
شˣССģ̫¡ҼǸܼߥ޵ġ
˿ַһ˵ɡϿ˵ˣƽŮΪ檡˵ССģɼū
ԴȻԼ͡Щ꿴̫Σ˵ʧ˽
ӦףҸ˷˵Ǵƾ֮£˵ѧ֮ġҲضˡҸ˸һʱ䣬ʵʵذȥдһ磬ɹٸѺ
ǱƻġԴ˵˸죬Ҫԩ
Ц
ˡ˵Ѻ㶼һġ
Դ³ɵˣŮڹǰ˵ŮУôһξȻûΪ˵أ
ɼԴıΪãͺĵһ
˿Ϊô˵飿ʵɣȴ̣ԼӣѾʵ۽ˡ
ԭԼУŹڸ¶ǰһͼͷΣ赹ض̫ҽΪΪ飬ԼеϢҲܴ֪ܵ˻ʵ۵ϧֱһ
ֻϧˣûл̿Ųȥ˸¶ûŴ
ɱӹǾͲãټڸ¶ôãֱһȥ֮;øʹ̣Ҳ̵̹ġĴŮæȥ̫ҽڵڶ峿
øеĺҪЮиӲϲֱӽ㡣
ԴˣԼ;ǵͷˡ˵Сѱ
˺úЪšǸˡ
˵꣬͸ಢӢ뿪˽ԴԺӡֻʣ½ԴһˣȻϡ
ˣڸô죿Ӣʵ
򵥣Ϣųȥͺá˵սЩѧ𣿡
⵹Ǹ⡣Ӣ˵ǽԣ֮ǰ̼ҵӵѾߣȥˣǻˣ
룬˵Ǿ£ٿһǲˡ
ǰ𣿡Ӣʵ
ɼ̲סЦˡ
δˣھǰǰڵѧӽ˭ܱ֤Լо٣˭Ҳܱ֤ɣ
Ӣͷ
ⲻͽˡЦҸ˵ѾߣΣҲǮǻͰʱԼдʱҲдһƪ˭ܳùȥо١
һ͵͵Цˡ֪ѧʼã״Ԫͷβǰ׵õġбдúõģôףҲڡ
Ӣ֪жԸȺķ˿Ĩ˰Ѷͷĺ˵Ǹˣأ
δǡ֪һףԺģһȥʵԣˣꡣ
ǾͺǾͺáӢ˿
Ҷ̡˵ɴˣ
ˡӢ˵˵ɿ
򲻿ٳ©ˡɶɣѧ֮δ˰Ѷλһ£ơ
Ӣ֪ɴ˼æõӦΪʲôʵôһλסڴϴôáѷж
Щ꾰Ÿصס˸˵պۡ
ոյվʹ飬۲Źأ˵Űڻһ÷ˣЪζ˯ȥ鷿飬ͷЩ
Էأ˵θﻹǲµûš
֪δûãԸţ⣬ģθ
ɱżһ£˵ˣ
ù֮ɴ˸Ƿᶼˣ˵Ҫ˯һɣͰʱ
ɾԼöŲסˣͷż־ͽҡˣûһ˯ˡ
תͷ˯գĵ⼸տǰ۲ˡ
ڶգõϢܵԴҾǱӣǺǳһָŽԴһҲͶɢˡֻʣ¼ĸģԾΧ֪ǰ
оٵ˻ô㣿һɫֱֵʵ
ǣô㡣ΧҲ͡
ʱ֪ôſˣɴŹٸ˳
ǲҴ԰Լʱд±һȡǱдĺãо٣Σ
ǺˣǸɫֱֵʵ
ңһЦǰ״Ԫɡ
ɵ¼ʱѾŤòˡ˵ϰġϰ䡢ʫͯ˳ߣʮΧòΡ
ǰĿǵɣĿɿڴô˵Ĳһ
ɣһʵ
ȻЦ
룬֪Լѧʲˣǰ״ԪȣԶأ˽ͷӶһҲɢˡ
˵а볯ʦ֮Ƶķ̫үע飬˿ӡһЩϲȥ
˵֮ӻ֣֪õ۾̧һ˳
̫үŷҸȫڼ˵Ҳһ¡ɳ֮ǰʾΪֲڵѧӣѷעӡһЩȥʲôǿ
ҲãҹԸȥ
˷ע飬ЩȲؾͷֻඥһ㣬ǰ볯ʦǲһ㡣
һ߼¶ϲɫ˿ε飬ǽˡ
ϴЦĻ˵ˣ
ɵͷ
Ȼʦʦ˼ҵעܰЩѧǲأ
ӢһҲǽţɵĻų˿ҹƾ٣ɲģ;ߵͷ
˼գּλ̣޵ôǼ䡣תһȦһȥһγǽճɡ
Ӣһ·ţĵλǸж͢һȷѪ꣬ҡҲɣΪֵѧϰ
ڣ뿪ȻѴڣẽ᫣дΪȻʱǿ̫࣬Ҳ̹
㶼ˡ˵ʱûôúóԹˮȥҪúòһ
ҲԼ˵ˣҵǾûá
һⶼûء౧˵
ÿˣЦ
ÿ󣬡㿴Ӷˡ
ûϵվ͵ˡ˵ʥ֮󣬿϶ܻؼҺú죬ܿˡ
ڶ峿ĸ˹ٷʱ򣬹ٴ㵽˶ɿڡ´ֱ֮巹
ǵãˣվ뼾֮ףϸؽ
쵶˵˾Ͱѧӵġ
ҵɸæ
ˣСȥʵưɡ˵ڹ÷ɷǺӽչ㡣
лʥϡ뼾л
볯͢иĵĹأλĹԱǵ˻ʵǨ
쳽սл˵ͼɴ߽
ĸ󡣡קһ»ʺ䣬ôŰ·ôأ
л⻰Ҳϸؿȥͷ˵ Ҳǡ
ĸŮ˵䣬Ѿߵǰδ쳾߹ס֡
㣡
Сĵ㡣ɱ쳵Ķһ쵱ˣôëëš
л̲סЦ
㳢˵ŵ˸赽
ɽӹһڣ˵úȡ
̲סЦ
㲻𣿡ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ȷʵе㣬ģͦúȵġ
л̲סˣЦһſ˿ڡ
˲ˡأŮҽ
ɳԺˣл̣˵ΪҪŮҽ
쳲л̻شʵ
СӶûˣ
⻰ǰʳˡһſ˿ڡ
ȥǰ֪˵Сӿ쵽ˣǻǾ³ѾʮˡС׼
ĸ󣬰㻹֪أЦ˵㣬زƤ衣˵ǲ裬ʵƤƵģҽûӱǣúܡȻȳζˣʲô
ɱ˵ˣץץͷĵôɰɡ
ʱŮҽˡ֮͸ûһЦ˵ϲ֮Բ飬ϲ
Ƴ𣿡лʵ⺢Ե鶼ϺͿ
⡭ŮҽϸһأϴСʲôʱ򣿡
¿ɱסòſڡ
ĩɡ
ͶˡŮҽ˵ҹѾˡ
ֲ֮ǰȥһֱԭΪ
л⻰̲סӣ뷨ô˲һһŮҽдһЩעɣһǲȥǰࡣ
֪ϢʱںȲ裬һ붼ϡ
Ȼ֪Ϊ̾Һ׼쵶䣬һãҲõˡ
лʥϡæ
⺢ӣ쵶Ĺ٣ʲô񣡡
ٺһЦ˵һ壬쵶Ӳ㣬Ȼǡ
˿ɹְһͷƣĵ쵶ѡˣСӣعȻ
ϢҸңһãֻǾҪڣʵһ׮¡ȴЩˣԥãǾȥ˿⺢ж֪治ʡģ
л˵˴£ֱд˷÷͵ɴƣЦֱˡĸôһ˷ŵˣƪд뵽ݵĻݺݵһ١
գɽӵ˵ʥּмƵĹٷԭлպӴٸ㣬ⶣ񲿵˼׳
ȥһ꣬Ѯл̾ǲŮҽȥ˿
һûľȥƲ߹ȥӣ̲סŮҽ
Ůҽʲô
ؿʱקŽġ
̧ͷ˿̲סק˼¡ֻ˻һŵӣЩãؿŮҽ
⡭Ůҽһ£ʱòϡ
ĸСѾںһһʵġǿôܻأ
䣬ɰ½趼ˡ
㰡ıӣҲ̫ˡ˵Ůǿһ̤Źأ¶ϸġ
ˣĻ̿֡
Ȼ౧ḧһ£СһҲܸӣһʾӦ
ôܲأ˵һ£Ϊ£⼸ն˯á
ɲż࣬˵ģûµġ㿴ҽŮѾڸסˡտʼҲݼڼңô˶ţôأ
û˵ֻǱ
¶ʮһ磬ɾͱһʹѣһֿʼˡ߼ࡣ
ѣҶۡ
˯Ժ⻰һ¾ץ·վ˵ϡ
ģȥŮҽš
ɼ㾪ţԼȴЦˡ
ܺȴѰɡ˵ҵȥҡ
ǡ
ŵ˻һ߿ֱЦ
ʰͣ˲ңȥ뼾˸ˣǲšȻͿʼתȦתСѾߵ۶ˡ
˽ӵϢѾ͸ү˿ſˡҲûףԺ
ɵСϰ䣬ӹǺáδʱ̣ҾС޵Ŀ
ϲǱϲλˣǸЦ˵
ȴûСޣֱԽžͽҡɼ㣬Ц۾ˡ
ķ¶Ϊȡ
лҪ˵ĵˣ滹һǣƪ⣬һŮд

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ