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ңԼڷˡ
竣ʲô㡣
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ͬĹ˾˼˵һ䡪

֮˾˼һ䣬
竵پһƷŮվߣ
ýֵӷͬ˵
⣬ҲҪŢҧ߹һ
ԣǰʮ꣬ΪΪҸˡ
ֱ˾˼ףһõ˻֪ţֻΪԼ
ԸԴѪڷ絲꣬ȹ޳޽˪

ݱǩ͢ ϲԩ ֮ ɳ
ǣ㣬˾˼  ǣ  
==============

1 Ш
ڵĳҹ·ϣһյƣߵúܼ
¹СϣӳݵӰӺҡεĵƹ⣬ڤʹߣҹС
ԶСﾡͷƻͨվмſ޺˵ŭŮ˵ļ֯һϵ˼䣬ͷƤ顣
߳СȺֻּֿŵ˼Ƿʲôﰡ
ǷΧ۵˵ȱãͷˡ
Ŀȥ˵ǳǶ˵һλϢΪͨ̾˿ı󣬷붫˵࣬ȴһҹɱЮ̫ٹӵΪֻۡһݽڶʹ͸ԳӣӢ˭ܷǸؽڶʹ嶼ΪˣˣҲ˳ƶΪˡ
Ҳ˼ң˵һָ˰Ŀ֮ǰǰһŮӣٱץͷϳе˻ߣȻȴʮĮ˵ұ͸մ״ʣݺаԵǶӹ˾˼ǸģնǮ£ǵ˳ӵȣⳡֲֻǡ
ǰ˵˾˼̸æ˵ȣһ˵˾ء
һͷ˶֮䣬ԭֻһϲܶǮӵܣͻȻͱɱ˷Ż޶Ļħ
úѡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪֻ֪ǾǸǮΪģƽ˶֣ȴһ¿ϸˡ
˵˵ĶӣǸɫж̣˲֪ٺùֻżҴƴûа취
һУĵȻһŻŮӱһʮ˳һ˻׷˳
׷꿴ȥʮ꣬бīɢմȾѪȫͷŭȻˣȴԾûòֺ
һüԶɽüΪţüΪݣüִ֮ʮ־£ȴҲԵֻ˾ãţ
һ˲䣬ԭŵ˶ʱֹס˿ȥĸ׵תͷȥִĸ׼ͷЦŵ˾˼㲻ͦ͵ھ֪ˣ
⻰˾˼΢΢ǵ٣һһ˵ſ
ʲôЦ˦űӣǹ˼Ҹı棬һܵģİɣﲻģҸǼҵСŮˣǶ£Ŷˣ㻹ûжǰɣ
˵ţƺǾЩϧ̾˿ҲûȢ檣ҲʣǼˣƣҲֻµȵİҤȥϧˡ
٣
˾˼ŭٿģЦ˺úչߵҲûǣҡ
˾˼û˵ˡ
ȭͷԱ߶Ů˵ļǸеζҪģһֽŮǰƺҪס޶
˾˼٣ĿֱݣһֻھصĹºף߰дž
ڵ٣ҪԸ
Ц°ͣ룬ҪҿͷӽҵĸɶӰɣҵĸɶӣҲҵˣ˵ǹ˼һأ
⻰˾˼ë΢
㾲ţܱԽԽ󣬴ʪŵĵơΧ۵꣬Ҳ½½뿪ֻվɫƽޱϲ
þú˾˼á
˵ţӣͷϥǡ
Ҳһ˲䣬ߵŮȻгУ͵ͱٵĸ䡣ԱӦü죬Ůӳ鵶Ƭ̾ͻӵ˹ȥ˾˼ߺһ͵˵ŮϣȻ˷ǵĸӶ˵ʮѵᴩ塣
Ҷ
Ů΢΢̧ȾѪ֣ڹ˾˼֮ϣϢŵ̫ƽȮˡֻ·ϣĪҪߴ·
˾˼ûжѪڴŻŮ۾ϥڵϣӦ˾䣺
Լϳ˵վˮѪһ·ӣ䵽£ŵת䣬ӻȾѪޡ
˾öɵһ
ȴŵһһ˹
ҡ
ɳƳĿס㣬г֣ң


2 
Ǳѵġ
ʱǳʱ̫ոճڷѾӡ˸մԺժķɻ뻨ƿУЦſСˣ
ᴭϢţûлػӶ˫ʹ۾ӡüͷߵǰɵõСסˣ
ӡĻ񣬵ӦԼĶͷϣ̾Ϣ˸جΡ
جΣЩơ
ε˺ƽĹ˾˼Ȼεı´ҡ
˽֪ĹرξΣѣΪӷģԼһСȫ͵˶Ϊʰ˵Ĵ⡣ҪԼͷˣڣ
ݽڶʹȻ֪˭Ҳ֪ԣǸ
˾˼١
һֱãȻôٺ͹˾˼عϵҲôٴһ˵
һϸپЦȻξסˡ
ôε˾˼أ
ɵ룬ԼҲ̫ˡ
͹˾˼ʵ˸Ӵ򲻵ߣ˾˼ݳȨƵĸеĵӣֻһСС֮ҲܳĵŮ֪֮˾˼Ҳ޷ΪλүƽݳָͣĶŰˡ
˵ڴ¥һǧ𲩻һЦڶķһҹ⡣żϼУҲ˾˼⹫ӸʮۣŰ£øȣŸһ毺õЦô⣬۽üҾǰ
˳̫ã¶ҡϲѡ
֪˾˼ϲʶҲʶϾݳǣҲеȴʲôֵص¶ԭǣļѡ
ݣǿ֮У˿ΪӪԷĸǸĸý֮ȢʶȻңȴܳ谮֮岻ãô꣬ҲһŮ¶һŮ
ûһӣʱŮĴΪޣȴ¶ƹȨȻҲ⣬ݳǶ֪ޣʮͬ顣
ĻѧʱʱŹأʱ֪ˣ˭Եκ֮£Ϊһ׼׼Ĵҹ㣬Ҹ׵ˣˣַֹһӣһĹ滮
ǸĿִˣΪߺһͶˣ޸ҶҵĴӣҶ
ҶЩ̻ͬʿҶҾסҶţŵԡҶҴСҶϽãȥҶҴӣ翴ҶҼҷﲻǸƶģ̫̫ҲϲҶλӣЩ껹δȥԺʱΣʱС󿴵óòҲȻ˵ȴ̤ʵСʱһͯ﹦õģպҲҶ˲ҶҲã޹ȥ⡰ȡһĿġ
Ϊ˼޸ҶȥҶҶϣȻҶһչҶ̫̫Ҷ̫̫ģôһչˣ߰꣬Ҷ̫̫ҲͶġȢһ֪׵ŮˣȢһ֪֪ĵ㡣
ǰռҶ̫̫ıͣ˽ͬЩʱգұٵ㸸ĸġ
⻰Ҷ̫̫˼һֱš
ȵ˽գˮϴԼجѹӡ˵С㣬Ҷ̫̫ˣ
⻰ɿ
ǰȥһ£Ҷ̫̫˵ģδٻȥʼǲף֮˹ǰȥѾϴϣһŮǰ
ˣҶ̫̫Ϸֱߵϣֱߣ¶ЦӯӯϣͬҶ̫̫˵Ż
㶣Ѹٵͷסһ˿õ
Ҷ̫̫ˣ˵㣬˵
̧ͷҶ̫̫ЦЦȴǹӦҶ̫̫¡Ҷ̫̫֣Цŵ㰡ҼĹˡǰţҵļҽã̳ܽõĹŮǾ̫ˡ
ϷĻҶ̫̫˲裬Цŵ㻹Ϊ̵࣬ĺáҶŵڣҲմȾЩī㡣
˫๧άһڸ˵¶һ㰡ϷǺĻ¡ϣܺҶҴӽؽ֮ãǱʣô룿
⻰ѹų嶯º͵ġ
ЦǱ㶨ˡƺڲμԣ֪׵õʱˣ
˵ţƺЩǵ˵˼λҲͣĸ뿴ǰӲҵšϷˣתͷȥͬҶ̫̫ץЩ
˶˼˾˼ݳİҴƴĸȻȢݳõĹֻݷǺһĹҲ¾˶ΣȢμ⡢һģʱżˣǲҲüˡ
ֻǹ˾˼ȻȥңӦҲңϾҹ˼ıһЩ˵ҲǸӶѡ
ҡʶ̧ۿ˿˼ֲ˼񣬹˾˼Ȼȥң
ĥţһȥ˼
Ҷ̫̫ĻҲû룬ֻǵģϣҶס
ǲҶүװɣ¶ʱڣ¶Ҳǳ¶ӻزҲ޷ȶʡ
ǲУҶ̫̫ҡҡͷҶһѳݽڶʹȥأδ
ݽڶʹʶշ
˿㶣ԼûףԼΪʲôͻȻʳһ䡣
ϵξһֱЩ㱣ȻѾ˳Ҳʲô£¶εݽڶʹˣշ
֪Ҷ̫̫Щ죬͵һܵ˵ͷһȻϲԣֻǵ֮ǰһţڶʹλã˵ͻģ
ԭˣҶ̫̫Ц˵ǣⷶѾְʮ꣬һνڶʹȥ֮ǰټ˽ڶʹ
⻰ͷп
²˵꣬Ҷ̫̫һ󣬱ȥ
Ҷ̫̫ߺصӡȥ˱㽹
ǰʼƴдϢ
ݽڶʹ
˾˼١


¶дһ飬֣Ժֳ︡˹˾˼˫ۡ
ҡ
۾
ɺϣԤ֪
ɺϰɣ
ƴ˵ԼȥϢֻˡ
ɡȻã̲סվȥͬ˵һҪȥһˣӦʡ


3 
¶źԺ¶Ҫţ¶
ӡ첻ΪʲôԸֻѵǲǸͬ˵һ£
㶣̾˿˵ǣͬĸ˵һǡ
˵ţᲽȥķﳣҩζϣͷһᡣ
˽ϸڰ裬ȷûе֮󣬲ߣͬĸף˵Ҷ̫̫ˣ
˵ˣţЦŵ㸸ңҲţüͣȥˡ
⻰ûнҴĻԡ֪ΪһЩŮ£棬ȴһȥӿ̫ͣ衣
΢ᣬȴҲûнҴЦŴԶ˲裬ˣϸϸͬ񽫽յ¶˵ˡ
ҶҵƸӦ÷͸żǻ£ߴŶ¡ЦŵĸģҼ޹ȥίġ
Ȼ⻰ȴüͷ
ƺ˵ʲôȴ̾Ϣһε㸸ף˿ġ
пβ֪أҲܵĸ׵ߣϾҲʲô˵ҲͽġʲôĸˣҶϷ˿ˡ
ŮɵֵӣҲ֪õĻǸңֻܳ̾һ㼸䣬һҪؾ֮Ҳƣˣ˯ˡ
߳̾˿ԺΧǽȦһأţԺ޵ҶңҲ֪ܾܲƬ̺Ჽͬ¶ʾ󣬼ȥ
·ǰȥ˼˰ʱ˼׼ȻһݣȴҲ֪˼ӦǸտ޹õӡ
ǰȥʲô֪Ц˼꣬ͬôˣң
һ⻰˼۾̾ͺˡԱѾʹ˸ɫѾȥ㵥˼경԰ӣͬ˼ȿţ԰ӣ泩Щͬ˵
⻰˼ӣҪЦȻȴЦǿ˼ǺڵˣҲǿջЦˡ
ôˣ˵
˼үҼһˡ
˼ɬڣǰգ˼үһģҽеȥ˼ۣһ䣬һӣˡ
⻰üͷʲô˼
Ҳ֪ҵĥţ˼һ˵ʱҪˣ˾˼˵׵ġ
ϵĴ𰸣̾˿Ժ˾˼һ˫ۣĥţҲ˵滹Ǽ٣ǲܽġ
˼ʱ괩˵·ͷڻ԰
Ա԰һЩΨмǸͷ࣬һ𣬾ͳһ͵ġɽ͡
Ȼ·ȥɫӲͶ䣬ȴԵӣԲ˵ģмǸţͳһӣ˴ǰѰ㵽׸ʲô
һ֪ˡ
ǰĳѰ˼ż
˵⻰˵˴ˡ˾˼ʱ˵ңڻ㻹˵ǲִ򣿡
˵Ĳ̲סˣЩ˷ܵǴϱģ
ϱ
˾˼͵ضס˲ӣĲһײϣŹ˾˼𾪵ı飬ɵЩµ԰
Ķϱ˾˼üô֪
ǰˣĲС㲻֪
⻰˾˼һӾҪߡԱĲͳѰסС߱ߣˣôһߣȷô
Ҳɣ
˾˼ͺȳѰҪ˵ͱĲɽһƣֵּ͵ˣ
˾ʧ룬Ͻ˼ɽɽЩ˼һ𣬹˾˼ӴѰѰҧ˵ס˾˼ӣɽĬĬӣɱʱ洫˽ŲȴŮڽ̸
˰죬ˣԭ˼꣬˼Ҳ޸˾˼Ϊ˿޵
ӳƺϿһλ˵ŻŮݳǼҳ޳ҵĵŮˡ
ҲˣʼŮ졣˼ĵ֮ŵ㣬˼ҼҴҵҵΪǮôӦˣ޸ô
ԣ̾˿ס˼֣º͵ףĿҶ⣬Ҫ޸ұͶĶˡ
⻰˾˼ɫ̫ÿˣλֵܶ˾˼ſӣװʲôûҡӡĲĬĬ̧֣סͼӡ
Ȼ˿ʼ۾ŶԻ˼⣺ȥһΪˣʱϲ÷ס
ף˼ˣͷ˵Ź˾˼δ䣬ҪҪߡطȽڵĴҹ㣬ſʥ˾ġջȥ㽫徭úöһȰеģúüռʱʱ̿Ȱ
⻰ѰĲŹ˾˼Ĵָ̾
˾˼û˵˼ֱġ
һţŮӣģᣬպǼɤ˵˵һػͿޣ˵ǧ̫ˣһҪ˵¶֪ҪǮ
⡭˼ԥⲻðɡ
Ī̫ԡЦЦǰ㲻ҪͬʲôӴˣ˽żΣαá˵ĲǣҲڮ֮ԡ
á˼˾ģ˵öԣҲ͵鷳ˡ
У룬ӲμӴ磬һҶҰھƣ֮һŮŴ磬ŮεŨ㣬ûƣϲŨҵĻζϲȥһŨҵʱǵðζŪϣǰһȡ
ĲͳѰͬ˾˼ˡ
˾˼ŵ̫ŨĻζ״磬¶۲ˣȥһ¹˾˼˾˼ҪĲҡ
˾˼ƻԼ˵Լ£ɵŭա
ֱ˼굣ĵ˵زȢô죿
˾˼ȥˡ
оԼܵĪ裬ڳѰĲûӦʱͻȻͳɽİɣҾԲȢ㣡
˼ͬʱͷŽгֹʱʹˣ˼ȴü˵ʲô㡭ĸԺˣĻ㡭
˼ЩӦ϶ţ㿴˾˼һüһſڣ֪˾˼ҪԱš
ȻԺ֮мŹ˾˼򲻸Ұôģʱ򴫳ȥԿĻ˼ꡣ
Ҳ˲ǰһŭȵūţôԺˣȥӳ⣡
˵꣬˼ͷܣ˾˼ôһ𣬾ȻƬ̣Ӧʱ͸ոճ˼ɽĲѰˣѾ֪ļҶΧס
Ҷƽһ͵ˣȻ㲻˭ȻֻһЩСǼҶʹʮָɾǰҪסˡ
ȻƽڽϴܶŹǹ˾˼ѧ䣬һգȺִܣһһ˱Ҷ׷һ·ǽ
˦׷¹ڲǽʱѰڵǹﵨҲ߯Сˣ˵ͺˣˡ
С˾˼⻰ǴװͿǻǵʥ࣬ǾĻɱ˼ˡ
ֲã⻰Ĳ૵˵ӣôܼ޸֡
˵޸˭˾˼ʶͷĲһֵǸԺĵһҶ˵Ҷ̫̫ͷŻˣϱ㡣¶㲻֪
˾˼һ±ƣղǹģ
ȥͨͨһͨͨƽ棬Ըѭ浸أ˼һû㣬ģǸͱѧʿΪŵӡ˶֪ǰ;رαҶ
˾˼롪
ԣͬŻ£


4 
˾˼Ҷӡ󣬼Դʻ
ȻǸˣȴǸϲʫʵģһָܺúö飬
ȻԶûʲôȤС̰棬Ϊ˼ʻ㳣ҶΪʶ˾˼ҶӡڷǳϵС֪ҶҪȢô˼糤ͨĹɵЩֻ
˹ǣתһ룬Ӵ˴ѰͬѰ˸Ҷȥ
Ѱ㶣۵˼㲻ǿ˰ɣ
˵˵ʲôأ˾˼һڳѰԴϣŭôûƷλҸ㣬ȫŮ˶ˣҲȢ
óѰһʲô
ĲЩ裬ܾù˾˼ʲôó˾˼üôʰңҾˣǾˣҺ˵ҶδޣҶѹǣôǵϸ𣿡
ĲͳѰһЩ
ҶݳӵĶҶѧҵѹǣδҲѹǣǿ벻̣Ǳ뷴
ѸٴɹʶѰȥͷСܰȥңκη紵ݶҪŹ
ǱҪôԸ㣬ߣ˼һ·񱼻СԺ
ͬ˼˵Ұ˼һ˼ȥ֮Ż˼ҡ
ϣͷ
ӣ˼ǲ޸˾˼ˣչ˾˼ƢԲȢ˼ֻҪ˾˼ͬ⣬Ҳǿֻǹ˾˼ӣǾˡ
һСĽӣͷһðʧЩ˹˾˼鷳ˣҪˡ
뵽һ㣬˿
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ȻЩģţҶܸϽ¶
գһҶҶϢһ˿Ź˸Ķ̬û죬ӡЦ߽С㣬˵𣬹ү׷Ź˴Ӵ˴ϡ
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ӡӣĵ˴£˵ĻӦȥ˭׶үˣ˵ȥ˸Ӿ׷Ŵ˳
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ﲻɵǸ
˾˼ʵ㲻ϻƽҲ»Щ캦¶ҲûǳݳЦһˣȻЩ³δҲ̫ҡ
̾˿һʱҲ֪е¶Ǽ٣ģЩʲôأ
˼˺ܾáԱӡ˻㷢ŴЦС㣬ǾȤˣϽЩ֬ɣ
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񳤴ˣڸһһȥһЩܶЩͶЩҲΪŮһТġ
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ˣ˾˼鷳ġ㲻֮ǧסΪ͹˾˼ʲô˽½Ʋ˹ϵȻʾң˵˹˾˼ǣ
˾˼ģʱЩᣬûڣ˹ӣ˲С˹˴ˣұΪֵܼΪǸҪΪ˰ɣ
˵ţۿ˵ͺ죬˿ȫһҸŮģ
ԱĲͳѰʱЩˣǴ𣬾ô۸ˣǲǹ˵㣿
Ȼ˾˼ȴ֪ЩСžţ˻һ̲סпװ
˹ӡһ⻰žžાˡ
Ĳҵ˼Ҫˡ
˾˼һԱߵ˵꣬ˡ
ŮˡŮˣ
Щ̲סˣһھʹһܾ˵ľСЦϱ紺绯꣬ãʲôҲΪ㣬ϲ㰡
⻰ӶʱЩɡ
̧ۣŶǿˣһһƳڶԷϵĳ嶯ȻҪãȻӼ𾪣˹ӣЦ
ã˾˼ǰһһ˾˼Ŷǽ̬ס˰ӵĳ嶯ЦǶһ飬ټģ㲻Ȣ
㣺
оˡ
ƤӮ˹˾˼
㼸αװȥӣ˾˼̲סһĨЦ
㿴ӣ׹˾˼жСˡĬƬ̣֪ȥ˾˼ǻ׷š
̾˿ɴС˹ӣϴε£ͬǸҲ֮٣ŮӹҪҲǡ鷳Ҳ㻹ˣ̧֣ɷ񣿡
˾˼ĻƤЦⲻЦ˵ҾôڶˣϽʱҴá
˵ţ°СǺӾ棬ȥ
û˵򴽣˶÷ѹŻ˹ӣһҪӣſϰݣ
˾˼롣
ʵ㱻÷ȻϴҲûôˡ
ûôҲʧȥϷŪ˼ĥƬ̺¶һĨЦ°͵Ҳǣ˵һ䣬ҶǸ쵰˾˼ٷӢ˼Ʒ
ЩǰҶġ
⻰Щ£ſڣĿİͰͣŬŸղŵĴС˹˵ǣҶҶǸ쵰ٷ硢Ӣ
˾˼
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ţͷæ˾ӣƷи߽࣬ϲΪһСŮӵġ
˾˼⻰һ˻ֻ˵ġˣץ֬ŵ߰ɡ
仰ɴ⣬ϽҪ뿪
ȻȹӲ˼˾˼ͽסһ¡
˵ţ˾˼̧ۿĹǵһһ֬ɣϡ
⻰Ƕһۣ룬мŵӣ
˿ͷҾͶȥ𣬹˾˼Ҳ˵ӣͬԸС˷ԸһŸǮ󣬾кĲͳѰˡߵߣ³һ°͵վʲôȥѡ
㶣˾˼üƲң
ңֻǡ
û˵꣬˾˼ͻȻһ֬ӸţСԺ޸ҶѹƯŹʣҺúʰţ
˵꣬Цţˡ
ԭأ֬Ź˾˼һüӡ
֬᲻ǺС
˾˼߳ȥĲЩֵ֬ʲô
ֲ׵ġ˾˼ҡӡ
ѰЩ֣ʲôֲ׵ģ
˾˼̾˿ЩǸղͻȻһתҵǸʱͻȻҲûôᡣ
˵ţַ̧ӣסͷ⣬̧ͷ򴺷¥¹ŵķ壬üҲô۸е㲻Ͼ˾˼򴽣Ҳùֲ׵ġ
лҪ˵˾˼ҹ˾˼ȫŮ˶ˣȢ㣡

㡣


5 
Ǻ֬þúŷӦ
Ĺﶼæѡ֬Ҳû˷ֹ˾˼Ľ̸ӡҲȥһ֬ʱ򣬿֬ЦŵС㣬ѡһ𣿡
š
㴹Ĺﶼ֬Եˡ
Ľ֬Уǰȥѡ˼УƹЦŵС㣬˹ӾƢ⣬Ǹ춹ĵģֵڶĳӮһ̾ͰˣҲûʲôġƣˡ
˵ǡ̾˿ý㿴Цˡ
ڵ֬˾˼ֻ˶ĳǮ˵ĶԻȴѸٴ˹˼ҡʻԼŹ˾˼ŭСӲ֪ôΪҸΪʲô׾˾˸ϵȥټһĸˣܵ𣿡
Ҳˡ
˷˽̾˿˼˵ҲԣϾĻ£ҸԼϲġôϡͿףȡϲˣվǲ׵
ʲô׵ȥй׵ˣ
ִţܼҾͼææ˹
үˣܼҸ˵ˣ
ʲôˣʻͽᶼЩ֣ܼҸ˵ү˰
⻰ȳ˼ˣĲ˵
ԱȽᣬʻЩȵô֪˼ˣ
ܼҽĻ˵һߣ˵ү˵ˣͲȢˣⲻʲôү֪Ҳ˴ţǸ˼ҵĹƢǶõģģͨЩҲȢȢͣүϲҪˡ
ܼ˵ǡỺæϽ׼һ£ٴǺùվͺүס
ܼҵ˷ԸϽȥʻŸղŹܼҵĻתͷͬˣ¶ôЩְ
ְ̾˿˼ʲôͬ˵ģиϲĹȴδͬôͨһôʶģ
ʻû˵ϸĥţ룬ͬ׵¶ȲҪͬ˼𡣷Լ˵˷ȢģȰ¶ξϹˡ
⡭Щԥô¶ͬ˵̫ðɣ
޷ʻ˰֣ȥҪþ˼뾩ƾܾˡ
⻰ˡʻҲѾܹ˾˼Ϊʲô˵⻰ˣ֮˾˼˵⻰ʱҲɺͶȥ
ˣĹȥͨͨһ׼Ĵҹ㡣ܼҸվʹ˻ƽ˼ҷʮ⣬Լǲ׵ĶӣҸô׵ĹǾٺòˡ
һԣܼԥƬ̣˵˳˵ҶҵϷʮС㣬ҵĻ£˽´Ƕˡ
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ɣʻ룬ȵҴȥҶˣȻӲû£ܸѡġ
ܼ˹ʻ˼ձͬƸ嵥ֱҴš
˼ҷ򸾵ʱ㻹չ
͹ʻ˭û׵ģҲû
˼ݼҴҵ¶Щһ洧ĦŹʻ⣬һͬʻģһ󣬹ʻЦŵǰЩʱ˵ϲ£ƺСҶҶףд£
⻰ͬ¶һۣ¶ӻ磬˲˹ʻ⡣
˵չ˼ôţԭǳġ
Ů¶һҲϲϵùȥԼµľӪ޸˼ҡ
˺˼ңƸͶ࣬ƸҴţպӵģ¶Ҳֵ㾭ӪԭҶѾ⣬ҶҵƸ񲻷ƣŽ޹ȥͬ˼ұҶҵʲô
¶ü죬ԥ֮ʱЦⶼҥԣͬҶҴС˹ѣͬҶߵýЩ֮ȫȻδġҶҵĴӻڸϿʱ˵Щ
¶˵ϹЩѾ˵ȥҲò¶棬ֻܵͷδס
͹ʻһۣ˶һҲûת䣬żɽ˵⣺ʵΪС˼ȢС㡣
˵ţͽһֽͨ˾˼һͨ˵ص㣬ͬԵŮ˻֣תͷͬǹ˼ֱˬ˼ң¶ýģǶλͬ⣬ǹ˼Ƹ񵥣ǱʽƸǶλʲôףͬ˵һģ
⻰¶۾Цӯӯ񵥡񵥴ӳѾʮ־ˣе̻ͨ˵һʾ޶֮¶ı飬Ѿ򶨣Ծɳ¶б
񵥣񵥽¶¶ЩһϹϧ䲻ĸǼҵŮҲǵŮǮƲҪģҪǣ˹Ǳߣǲǳġ
֮ǰѾ˸͸Ȼʮ¶Ǹʲôˣνġġʲôһ۹ʻЦЦǼ˲˵Ҳ˵ʶֻý⣬ȴûûС˼һӣΨʵʵڵĶģǰɣ
ɣʻһǱǻ棬鵽ƸΣ
ݳĽֵһͼֵƣο
ǹ˼ңҲǳˡ
¶֪þգһѹżү˹ӱſܿ㣬ĸ֣
¶ĻĿϣһ浣δһ᲻Щ
ãڵʣ˹ӶŻô
˼ҷӴˣǺģ޹ȥӦۡ˾˼ȻȻЩһŮ˻úòãҪĻǸ˵ϲϲ
⻰ЦҶĽС㣬λ˴ۣ
һ˵˼˼ңȢҲȥҲǡ
Ц˵ȥ㣬¶Ǳ֮ϣյ˺ԵˣǰҲ˵˹òãŵȳǲɶõĺж
ɫ˱䣬Ȼʱ㽫˹ȥС㵱˵ģ
ǰ¶̸ͬ˹Ȼûʲô飬Թ˹Ҳмӡ
̫ˣתͷүǱʽƸ˵˰ɣ
һһͣ˵ҲԲˡһºţ¶ҲǸĸ֮ý֮ԣɣǼ޸Ҷ˾˼˵ӦҲûʲô
˵ͷЦĳλݹˡ
ͬ¶һ˹ʻͽ֮̾˿¶ȥͬ˵һɣŮ˵ЩҲЩ
¶ЦӦ£̧֣ͬİɣү˼˼ңҶҺöˣҶҹض࣬˼˺˵Ȩƣֻй˾˼һӣ˾˼ȻӻЩʮȫʮˣֻҪ˾˼ϲǼ㣬ܹúá
˵ǡ˿˼ǵܵ
ˣȥͬ˵˵¶Сشľϵ࿴òǡ
¶һȥæϵ¶ˡ뿪¶һ͹˾˼¶˵̵֬¶
¶ЦϣͬԱŮǸûµģŮˡаɣͷȥͬ˵Ϊ죬£Ȱѻ¶˹ܺ죬ǰ˭Ҫ֪¶Ҿ͸ȥ
Ů¶Ƕæģġ
¶˵ͷ룬ֵ˵ЩڻͰ͵ҶףȺ͹˼¶ˣȥȰ
סŮЦŵİɣūһ¶ϾδḶ́ġ
ϧˣ¶̾˿ҲûʳŮѩ̫СˣȻҶҲ
㰡¶ͷ˿񵥣һЦֵǮ


6 
¶ϢʱЩ⡣
¶㲻ϺãΪĻģһһĸ̬ȻǸңΪ˴ȴҲҷȰ֡ЩȻӲҲΪ˹˾˼һ׮ϷŪЩˡ
Ů㿴ɻЦЦСҲ˵ˣǰͬ㣬ҲΪ˴ȥ˵ҼҽɭϣΪ룬¡
֪ⷬ¶ƷԣҪã¶ٺòˡ
Ȼ֪¶ǸˣͻȻôΪ룬㲻ɵЩϲԣʵʵĳͷ˹ӷߣӡСԺ廨
ӡǸֱʵģЩɻ˵ôͻȻתˣʼʵΪˣ
Żֶ˶٣ڵԼҺҶҵĻ³ʲôʰɡ
ϾĻ¶¶ԣɶǰ׻ӡûֵܣպҵļҲ¶ĶӼ̳УЩҪıһźõĻ£¶֪ҲӲֹ
ΪûкͻѵĹϵЩլһ֪Լĸûһӵ£ĸ׹úõΨһ취޵úá
ܼ޵úã¶㿴ϣҲҪúöԴ
Ů˶ԣǵһͶ̥˻ǰˡǻǵڶͶ̥һˡӶҹҹѾĻΪһźԵˣҲˣ¶ı̬Ȱɣ
ţ˲١
һԧ죬۾Щۣߣȥ
С㣬ӡ֪ҪȥʲôЩֶ֣鰡
ӦһһСʯɽǡ˳ϴȥҶͬ˵Ҷ֮ǰⱾ飬ʮϲøϣպͬźЩ˵
ӡ⻰̾˿С㣬̫ԶˡΪ˺Ҷ˵ϻɸŮˡ
⻰ЦЦȴҲû˵
ͷȥⱾСʯɽǡ
޸ҶһֱںҶϴҶ֪˼ΪۣҲӲڡҶʲô飬ϲʲôһЩΪպͬҶúദҶ飬Ҳѧ黭дϵ̨ʫһֺҶΪƵС
ĬĬôŬ͵һܼ޸ҶһŬþˣöˣһЩͬҶû棬Ҳû˵仰Ҷʮȥ˰ԺӡʮǰɾĵȴͻãԼƺӦãϲҶġ
û޸ˡ
šСʯɽǡĵҶⱾģʲôȿʱ̾˿̧ۿӡ죬Щյ˵ҶʲôʱŻ
İɡӡЦŵҶӺܿͻˡ
˵ţӡѹСܿͻȢˣ
Ϲ˵һѣȴЦⲻ˽»һЩӣӡҲ֪һϴ˯£˯ǰۣԱߵ飬Ҳ֪ôģ̲סСڵҶӣҪⱲӣɾͿˡ
˵ţͽ鱧˻·𱧽Լе
ڶ峿ճġ˼ú󣬾֮Щ֣ͬӡȥô£
ӡӦȻȥûƬ̣ۻС㣬˵ˣҲܳ룬ȥˣһǵĻ
˵ͷʼվЩһ緹ͬͷŮͷȥͬ˵һ˵ȥĸףɷ񡣡
ŮӦȥУӡͬС㣬ҪȳԵ㶫ȳˣȥ
֪ӡ˵Ҳǣܲʲô¶ûȻˡ緹Ȼ
Ȼûһ;˫Щ٣ͻǿЩʣ̲סӡ죬
ӡЩɻ󣬡СҪ˯һ˯
ЩԺˣòУŵͷӡ˴ӡЦŵСҹû˯ã
û˵ͷһմϣ㳹׻˯ȥ
һ˯೤ʱѾ硣ӡỽС㣬С㡣
㶣ӡæС㣬ˣˣ˵лҪͬ˵
⻰æ
ͷЩֲۣȻĲʸľԾɸ㲻ʲôֻǳϴ󣬵á
¶ѾȺһˣ¶˼ְ㡭
㿴¶ı飬ǿһ£¶̾˿㣬ҽҪͬ˵һ¶գ¶ԥŵգ˼Ƹˡ
⻰͵ۡ
һ˲˷ʲô
ȻȴҲס
˼Ƹˡ
˼ôƸ
λ˻ΣԱӡҲæסӡ˶ˣ֪޸ҶҲ֪յҶô͡ôͻй˼Ƹأ
ףӡţѵסô˵
үѾӦˡ
¶ϧʹ۾
¶վס֣͵㣬¶֪ܡ㸸ҲΪá
ҧأһԲ¶£ͬĳԭҪҶңʵ㸸׾йǣҶŵڣɭϣ̻֮ң޹ȥ¶㡣Ҷȥƾ٣δǰ;ȥ˶Ϊ٣պһ˳㿷ޣʱӾˡ
˵ţ¶¶ѹ浽˶ɽˮԶպŮ㸸Ҳʮܡɹ˼ס㸸ţ˾˼ˣȻѧһЩҲŵһ㣬˼ҼҴƴ󣬹˷˵ֵڶθ߹ܣүݵ׸˾˼ûʲôպҲȥͿݣɽɽһӡҲͬ˼̸ˣү͹˷ʮֿ㣬պ޹ȥȵҴˣл˵㣿߬˾˼ӣȥˡ
㲻˵¶ĻѾƽ
֪ʲô
˼ˣԹ˼ҵĲȻؽؽǰ޸ŮʲôҶʲôܰǮ߬ǲҪġ
¶Ϊʲô̤㣿Ϊʲô緹٣Ƕ¶Ϊ˶̵棬֣Ӧ£
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ԼһӵҶ
ͷȴҪ޸˾˼
ݳдǧ𶼱֮֮ɫ䡢˶ǻħĹ˾˼
˵ʲôΪã˵ʲôպԽɽɽҲͰˣǸأ
ݽڶʹѾǷǸģ޸˾˼ϵĲһӣһ
Ȼηˣĸô죿
ĸֻһӣһӵŮˣڼʱűΣգˣ˭ĸ׳˭չĸף
ңûˣĸ׻ܻȥ
ţ˶ȥ
¶㲻˵֣㰡벻޽˹˼ңҲúõġҲ˵ģ˵˵Ĳɣǰ˵ˣⲡ͵ÿһЩҩţֻǼûⱾ£ҲҪõҩ޽˹˼ңʲôĵرҲ㣬¶ȰвǵǵΪĸ룬ţ
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ͻȻ侲ˣ¶һ˫۾ţ¶ͻȻЩƺǿе뷨־òܡ
һʮŮޣʲô
еĹһţƬ̺ͿͷЩѹҡҿɷͬĸһ£
ɵӣ¶º͵㸸ѾˣƸҲˣ㻹лͷ·𣿡
Ҫף㣬ҲҲ˼˼ˡ
һ¶û˵ȥףⱲӣֻ¼һЩƶӵܣ̷ˡ
ĬƬ̣̬Ȼ׺ѾˣǱ㶨°ɡҶǱߡܸи˵ǡ
ģ¶̵ѾȥͬҶϷ˵ˣ˼ôͻȻƸ˭û뵽˼ҼҴƴҲҵҶϷ˻ġ
˵ˡ¶ıһУûиء
һ̣˺ǰŮͬھ
Ȼǿס
ûУᣬͷȫҲˡ
˵ţվҲĸҩʱ䣬Ĳ£ȥչһ£֪ɷ񣿡
¶ĬƬ̣ĥţվҪ޸˼ҵģܲͲҪ㿴ȥƺҲûô£δܵ㡣
㲻ۣȥչչĸסҲˣҲ˿ˡ
л
лһ¶ˡ
뿪̧ͷȭͷɫ䡣
С㡭ӡЩµô졭Ҫô죿
û˵ֻͬӡԺܿܿһȥ
ӡ첻ҪʲôֻӦȥˡ
ӡˣϣҧأڵͷȥ˳
ˡ
֪
ٶ࣬ٶ࣬ⱲӣѾˡ


7 
ӡܿǸСܿܿĹ˹ʱѾˡ
ӡ֮ǰˮϴԼƽ˫Щ췺ˮ޹
ùһվȥӭ磬ʮϧ´һۣܿܿĸ׿ɺЩˣ
ʻܿܿæлСЯĸ׺öˡ
ܿܿ̾˿ս㣬Ҳþͽޣպܰĸһ
ܿܿ㶣æֻ㣬Ը⣬Ǿ£㲻Ը⣬Ҳǿ
ܿܿ˼ЦС˵Цˣū澼ƶģѰ˼ȥã˼ҽȥҪôŸ輧Ҫô㴲ܳΪ˿ұǸ֣᲻Ը⣿
ί㡣ŵϾ͡
С㣬ܿܿ̾˿ūסʵٻһӣūûʲôáҴСܿܿͬ죬ܿܿΣܰСչ˷ˣܿܿҲøˡ
仰ڷ֣ܿܿܿܿԸ󣬱˸ܿܿϴ·ȥķ
ڷ˯Ͳʱ䶼һ֮г˯š㲻Ҵţһæǰȥò辻ڣŵ˷ǰʮ֣ǲҶƸˣ
⻰ڳ˶ˣδ죬˿ӣͬҶƸ¶Ҳ㶨´룬ҶȥǸöɣպҲͲˡ
ĸסԥſڣعͷ㣬Щɻ󣺡ţ
Ҷҡڳ΢΢һ㶣дŲ⡣
һ̧ͷƸģҶңǹ˼ҡ
¶ɫſӣæĸ˼ң
˾˼㼸ҧ֣˶ˡ
˾˼͵طӦǸնǮŹ˼ȡżΪĹ˾˼
ȫû˵ʹüۣϢãæȥȻڴһ˲䣬ȴ͵һѪ˳
ӡ쾪æȥӲڴ£Ҫһ͵ϴ˷ŭҪȥ㸸סҪȥһܶҪˡ²ܶܶ
ĸףһѰס񣬴ûˣ
˴סˣۣƸѾˣĸ˾ĺ˼ңȢһ˹ŮӡĸףɳƳûѡˡ
û˵Ŵ˳ֳһ־
㡭þúɳƳûð
һӣʱʱ̶̿ɷˣǾռҵܴ裬һ籹ںϣûðѡ
һӻСսսиó·˭֪ߵȴߵһ
֪Ϊ˼ҶҸ˶ŬôĸΪ˼Ұ׻ӣ͡
ް
ȭͷ޲¶һȥֲܣʲôô죿˾˼ȢˣŮһӣҪҪˣ
ھʴӣ㿴ģץס֣Ĩһᣬæ롣Ըġ
񻺻ȫȻ
ԸʲôɳƳЩǱϲǣ˵úáúòãô룬ô֪ʲôֻί¶ԣϣܿĸŮʶķϣһЩ
أǰ˰
ûУЦᣬģԸġʵ˾˼رã˼һףҲΪҺʶˣңǾöԷ˶ͦõġ
˵ţæԼ͹˾˼һͨ˵һһĹ£ָ˾˼ûе¶һӵ˵һ֮ġ԰µꡣ
ϴθ֬ҵġ᲻µҶãһ֬֬ÿ˶ˡʵΪҡ
Һãģ޸Ҳġ
ٵ˵ţһʱҲˡֻᣬŮ֣ԹԼܡ
ȶҲˣ˲֮ȷŭģѪУ˼ӣָʩ֮뿪ȴߺԥһ£ס֣ĸף˾˼Ƕ֣Ҳˡ֮һ¡
תͷ侲ı飺˼Ҵ˷ƸȻ٣ײðŵҶҵķպ͹˼ҽס¶ӣҵļױǲ࣬ʱЦڹ˼ңļ̌ͷˡ
⻰Ӧ˵ǣҵΪȥױ
ĸףȱ¡ƽ˼ҲƸ׻һЩʱգ븸׸㲻Ϻã¶ó裬˿ûʤ㡣
Ǻã
ܿܿܿܿӡ߳˸ˡ
ĸף֣ҳ֮ܿܿչ
߳Ĺȥʮ˾꣬ǳ磬ȥ̱Ļǧһ㡣
ܿܿǿݵƬ̣鷿һ
ʵⰮһģֻǹȥ磬չǱȥһӡ
Ҳã¶Ҳãǻ˼ΪƣܿܿһŮӵ
׹˼
ĸף֮ǰҽܿܿԺһǲ¶ôЩ꣬Ҳల¹ţҲѹɽȣҪˣһڸУҷĲ¡
סӦڣǰлмѹȻʱ˿̣Ůݣ֣ס֣ӦҶסͽһװ㸸ҡ
һӣȵҹ߳šߵͥԺУڵӡ죬һȥһ£Ƹ񵽵Щ
˼˼ңƸʱרϵݣֻҪԺоӡӦ˴һ£ҹЩͬ㱨ݣ򴽣̵ӡ죬Ҽסˣȥĳҹ˾˼ҵˣ͸Ҵšд㣬ѵĳҵ֡
תҪõٸĺӡ˾˼Ƹ̫죬ôõٸӡӦֻǽдƸ񵥣ƸΨһûõҡּΪֵǮĶΪ˷ֹ˼ҰѵдøϽ
ӡ⻰ЩԥС㣬᲻ù˼ҿ𣿡
Ϊ˼Ҳ֪Ǽҵ¶ݳ˭֪㿴ҶҲã˷Ҳã˭ʹĸһ䣿Ƕ֪޲檣ĸ׸˵ϻ𣿡ЦǸЦʲô
С㡭
Ҳˣ̾˿㴫аգ˾˼Բ
¿ȥЩ֬¶֪ǸˡǸ̵ˣҲûʲôأȻù˼ȢȻҲǶмģ⻰಻պЦЦˡ
ӡ룬˵Ҳеǵдţҹʹ˼ʶļҶȥˣ峿ʱ֣ҶͰҵˡ
ʱ˾˼ѾڶĳһһҹһǮûУ̤ųŹǷߡûͱסˡ
˾˼ЩĪ´ǼҶһۣŹǷ˵ҵͷͱҴ㡣
˹ӣҶŽ˹˾˼ظӡĻҼС˵ˣȻĳΪޣͷӶ໤Щ
˾˼Īչţһ濴ţһü˵ʲô߰ģǲҴˣүǹ˾˼ʲô޲޵ġ
û˵꣬˾˼ͻȻЩ˿ŵݣԼϵ磬̧ͷС˭
ҴС㡭
㣿˾˼ҶŹ˾˼ķӦоЩͷԣ˾˼һʱ׷ʲôҧáõúܡ
˵ţҪ壬Ҷæסż˹ӣ
ʲôֻ¶ӦСв
˵ţ˾˼һƿңүʹĹȣ
ôһȣҶҲˣֻܿŹ˾˼ؼҵķ壬һһͷӣҵĻ߷𣿣
Ҷڸ㲻˾˼˼ֻһ·ҡӡڼſڣҶˣæͬҶô˹ô˵
ҶǺû˵ӡ콹㵹˵仰
˹ӡ˹˵Ҷ£Щ˼Св
ӡ콫ҶĻԭԭ͵Ķ
Ų裬ֶ
ӡ˶ȥ㣬ЩҵС㣬ҲԼˣ취˹ӿȥҲ̫ˣҪǷûױ֣ʱ޵˼ңô죿
в֣ҧӡЩãС㣿
̲סˣʧȥһ侲ͷȣ͵ؽ豭ˤ˵ϣŭȳ˾˼ȫҶв
Ǹˡ
˼һӣϵû͸Ƹ
СϹ˵£֪Ǯһ֪
ű˵ĻϷûһס
вȫҶв
лҪ˵Ѽױͼˣ
Ϊǰһϵ¶ŮĸиϰҲŮ鸴ӣԱҪ̵Ĺ
ܵίԺ󶼻ỹҶˡҲҪԽ΢
һ仰ܽ᡿
㣺ʮĽ˼Һҷж
˾˼˭ĶҶĸǮҪˣв
񣺴ӽʼӵ̫
ʻͷӻúܡ



8 
ƽû޹ˡ
¶ҲǴ治ͬ˭Ҳ㲻ϸˡ
Ȼһ̣ȴмǺ˹˾˼
˼Ҷ˵˾˼̬ȣŹ˼ҽĶܲ²Ӧǹ˼Ҵ˾˼һʵˣ˾˼Ը⣬ȻŻҪȢ˴˹˼ҵĶǹ˼˸ɴն׸ˡྭӪô꣬Ϊ˾˼һ仰ȫˣ
޾ίӿУиܵνϵĸо
һڹ˾˼˼ҲһЦˡ
֪˾˼᲻ţڹ˾˼뷨޵ҵġ
ʵϣ˾˼ȷҲôġ
ΪʲôͻȻͬףĸףҲɾܾôͬأ
Ҫô
ļƵŮˡ
뵽˾˼ƺЩ׹ɵò룬㲻ǿңһжİɣ
ˣ˾˼Ҳ⣬Ļûаӡ
ڻ˼ңֱӳ嵽Լҷǰŭʻͷӣҳ
ʻͽŸո𴲣Լұ󳳴֣ʻôӴҳ˹ӣŭС޷ˣ
˵ţţŭһ㻹һ
ô£
ŹʻĹӣι˾˼㲻飬ţûаõȥҶˣôͬ˵һ
˵һҶӣʻÿڲԣȫȻĴ㣬ŭȻǸĸ֮ý֮ԣȢ˭Ȣ˭㻹Ҫ췴
ϴβǺ˵𣬡˾˼ȳҲͬ˭ǿ˵ҪȢȻҵҲԲ
ǣῴԣЩԥﲻҪȢ𣿡
ʲôʱҪȢˣ˾˼һĪԱ߹ܼҸϽӣ̵֬ʱأ˶ˡ
ǰǰվڽŮϽ䣬ȫ˶֪ˡ
˾˼ˣˣƬ̺ЩңЦҲܵ棿
Цʻڳ̬߳ȵ˵˻Ҫ𣬲ȻⲻǰܻƽССҿԲ㣬Ҫܻ˹Ǿһӵ¶
޸Ҳһӵ¶˾˼ʱֵҲܣϽȥѻˣϾͽм޸ҶˣǺЩʲô
ǵʱƽΪΪҪ޸ҶԸ԰ѹסԼ⣬æ͵׵ʱģû£˵ˣСǵ㰡
⻰˾˼о׺һ
ϲ
㲻ϲǸǰ;Ӷ˷ҶͷϲѧǮµӵܣ
ӻ˰ɣ
ܿ죬˾˼ͷӦ
û
ϾҶ˵ǹ˼ҸǮظ٣Ƕӣøĸģ޸֮һѳ֡
޸Ǯ˵һ㶼ԿȻһЩǳ˰棬ҲûëǳǮ޸ȼ޸Ҷ̫ˡ
һ˲֮䣬˾˼ͻȻŮ͸ˡʱãҪ޸ҶϢųԻģΪ˽ӽעף
һŭգ̵ҲôŻҲҪҲȢ
֣ιʻó˴δйϣŭѾˣҪǰ˼ˣСô죿ǻСһӣ
һӣ˾˼ŭȳҪȢҲҪȢϲģƾʲôôšôȢ
ұ㣿ʻЦȢǲ˵ģ
仰ù˾˼סˣƬ̺Ӧ⻰Ҳţ
Ӻɷ򣬸˵͸ͲҪ˵˵ȢȢˣҪ˻飬Ҫˣһô죿
ʲôô죿˾˼ȫ⣬Ҹϲˣϲ¶˻˻飬˻ܰһ̽һĨ˲ӣһӳ˼˾û¶ˣǼֱĪ
˼һΣһ谮Ľᶼ̲סˣüͷѵŮվͬףҪôô˵˭ֻȢ˼ѵȢһ˹Ůˣ
ϲô᣿˾˼ʱʻͽᶼˣһ̣ǳףԼӣһݳ谮£һֱź뷨
뾭ѵȻһͬˣųܡ
޷ʲôúֻε˼㲻ͬǸ˾Ĵҹ㣬û˻飬ͻԾ
Ϊʲôôôżף˾˼俴Žᣬ̾˿̨ףº͵˾֮ǰţҪ붫㰲Ÿλãûлᱻ¿ϡй¶ǻǰ;źһӲʵȨָֻŹɫӣñ˾˵㲻˽⣬Ҫ󣬵ĹҲסߡ֮ǰǵð°ˡһֱҲûϵĹò׿ˣֻŸϽȶ
˵˵Ҳߣ˾˻ܱң
˾˼ɫ񣬽ɬЦˡ
˼һӣȲѡ˼ңȨǰҲֻȲѡ
˾˼Цڣ
ʻ˾˼ȥˣҲ˵ֱӵҪף͸ҹطȥ˼Ҳˣʵʵųף
Ҳף˾˼̵Ҫ˻飬ȥ
ˣѹ£ʻһͥԺʱŹ˾˼˹ȥ˾˼Ⱥ˸ӿ˹ãڰѹ˾˼ѹס˸ʵʵ
ҹطȥ֮ǰ͸ҹţ˭ܰų
˶ʻˣͿ˾˼ѹţһһͷѹ˻ȥ
˾˼ڷһϣɤӶˣڲͣţû¶ϵݡ
ò˵дõͦõģԴǿУһСŮ̬˵ԼڼίȻæ㶨¶
ţЦˣ̴žž졣һֱа˳ɵȷҲġ
һӣҶҲɵȥףôǮҿ϶Ҫˡ
ǿ㣬ңһ뵽׻Ҫǳ޵ϲ̨ңͲˡһ˰ѽ˹
ʱŹ˾˼ڴϣһڣɳƵʱ۵ĲУæ˸ѩȥ
Ǹ˾˼ڴϣɫЩȻм¶Ҫ㡣
˵
Ǹ˾˼֪Ϊʲô̹һ£֪Ϊʲôͱô˵ζҿᣬȻ¶ĲˣǸ㣬Ҳ˼ˣǼҲ֪ЩƸƶǸʲôСŹֶĵġ㡭
ףŹ˾˼˵⻰ʱЦΪοù˾˼֪ˡȻ˵Ը⣬ʵϻǹġæ¶ˣƸصľǼĶͶֵ棬ЩҶȵ˺ӡһ͹ȥȵʱһôһҼױ¶ָҪСٳ¶
⻰˾˼˲١
ЩŤƲƲտһ£С̫ģû˼ġ
ǡЦء
˾˼ͽĴ㣬ǲ֪ġ
ȥҲָ˾˼ĸװܿܿڷ̷ϣߡ
԰ܿܿĻû̧ܿܿݣյܿܿйҲͬ¶˵սͷܿܿ
ܿܿǸģȫȻ֪ϺҲ˹ļӣԵ쳣ׯ󷽡ɵöϧ֮飬Լ̫Щ
ô˰£Һ͹˼Ҷæų¡˾˼ţÿ֣ƽľ
º󣬽ֽ
ǮģȻʢӴ¶˵һͻȻôˣû˺ʹСء
⻰¶һ岻ΪɴˡȻż֪ԲٳĻ£һ¶Ŀ£ͬ˵С
¶Щңûãͷ
ſ㡣
Ҷ˵ƽȴʵüãֻδſȥдûԵƽպü۳ˣҲǸˡ
һһԵʮֹأȻССȴѷɫھĴҹ֡
ⶼҶҿѧģҶŵڣԺӵĽá
оڴû̧ۣؾ
ЦźһŵⶼˣǽƸе͵ģ˵ƸҪµңֵܣҲûֵܡټϣţǼҸƸ̫ļױҲѴգǱɴཫЩﶼϣЩҲͰˡ
ʲô⻰¶͵̧ͷǽģ
˵¶ɫҲ̫á
ɫ䣬ȫˡ
ð죬¶ȷӦѼһЦݣ˵Цˣ㻹ܵܣô˵ûֵأ
ܵܣЩ죬¶εıûˣ֮ǰ˵ֻһŮҲδӣԭ˻ӡ
δ񿪿ˣǸתģȻ¶ͷˣɴ˿ȴҲã˵öԼˡɫģƽûӡ
¶ɻ󣬿¶һǸλӣ
⻰ͷһ죬ƺЦˣסһģﶼЩ΢¶ĪãƺЦԼ
Ҳоϻۣʲôû˵Լƺ˸Ц
ȡү򴽣Ц̧ͷбĸ˼ңӼ̳λõģͷ˼ңӣҲҪѡһ̵Լ£ȻΪӸǵŮݲһ
һ˵ɫˡ
Ǽҵ˶ֻ֪ǴҴ˵Ͼ˭û¹˼ҵ¶˽һ¡
ôŴģͷһΡɴôǹ˷ˣ׸˼ң
ͷסЦͷһξã޸˼ңƺҲǸѡ
ͷһһŮˣôкŲ裬žžž졣
΢΢оִδйĿ⡣
ʱ¶Ӧ˹æǣ㲻ֵܣҲү°Ƹ£ִȥ𣿣
·ˣ¶ĻЦеҿǵĵڶˡǹ˸ү£֪ļױأ
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лҪ˵ᣬլѡ֡
᣺ϱ㿴𣿡
㣺


9 
⻰˵ɫͱˡֻɫƽ
ֵֺ£֪ǵѡ¶ǳ׺ý̫Щ
¶ԭţƸңЩȥʵֵʲôǮĶļױȥͿˡ˼Ҳƴ֣ŹʻҲǸɢģŹ˼ҼȻһʼû̸ױ¶Ȼ̸˭룬¶ˣȴ̸ױˣ
ͬ¶뷨࣬Ϊ׺һ֮εŹ˼ҵƸҲ̨ܶ档һʽ˷Ϊʣ
ү˵ЦˣЦЦɫͣҲʣǹ˼ҵ¶Ҳ̰ͼױ˼ңֻǼױӵ棬´ûо飬ʡ
ôһ仰ֱӰѼױ¶Ÿ¶ѸٷӦ˹æ¶ͽģ˷Ҿͺá
ţĿ䵽ϣЦЦԣңǴڹܣһڹ𣿡
û˵ŸղŽĻЩۣ˿ٳ¶ܼң͸ˡʶһֻҲû˵Ťͷһߣŷ֣ﺬᣬܼίӡ
ӿֳγ뿪ڣ¶˷֪ҼҴӹǲãƽվҰš
ŮļױҲĿ
ЦѯʣѾȫǰͲסЦ⡣̲סˣͻȻͺȳ˷˵ʲô˵أ
⻰¶˶ˣδͬ˵ͻȻ뵽ܣʱţ֮䣬ƺЩɸ˵ܡ
˳˳ˮʮ꣬ҲϰˣҧأŤͷȥɴ಻˵ˡ
˵Ҳֵ徲һˣױ¶Ȼܣͬ˷˶˵ɡ
⻰Ӧؾ˵лү󡱣ͬ
ǸôߵģŹ˼ҸǮƣָ˸ĿϹ˼ҸһݼװҲ档˻߸ˡȽһߣ¶ʱŭⲻǵʲôûǻҪױȥ⵽ǼŮӣ
ˣ¶ͷۣ¶ЩԽţſڱտڶӣܿܿûȣһᰲ񶼱ǿЩ
в˶Աȣ¶Щ飬˼ҵǮͬˣ˵㣬ЩǮͬһ
ү̾˿һǮֻһǮǶģȴҵӡүǰ;ΪӬͷСһ۵㡣ǮƵ¶ҲģһҼױóǮ㡣
һΪǮ֣һɷһǰ;ҪԸǮС
ͻȻãԸǰϹ
Щˡ
ϣЪ̷ܿܿ㷹ܿܿ̾˿˵ˣôһһأ
ܿܿĽɾȻΪɾ롣
ܿܿ㵽ֹȴˡĲԸϣΪԸ
ͻȻӦ¶ΪǮΪԸԸӣ
з߷ߣȵڶӣǵأ̾˿ͬļױҲ㲹ˣҲȱӣԭ͸㱸˼ױȥͺá
⻰æƴԽƴǣԽΣӦˣȻۣм־ãҲаɣ˼ƸǮҲ١ô㣬Ҳ׬ˡ
һڣļױڶʱҲˡ
˾˼ԸѾ˺ü죬оԼѾطˣÿűߣһһôţҳȥҳȥ
ҲԼ˷ΪԼ̲סӻ顣
ȻҲ룬ȻҲǲҵġ
˼ƸˣڶˣԧϷˮĴҲˡʱﻹݵڣ
ֻһ뵽޸˾˼뵽ǸΣ;͸
ɻǰһ죬ҹǳߣԺ˹˼ұǸΣֻԹߣţſ˳ȥٵöǰҪ㣬װߣڻԺ
㾪Ŵѹһ亹乡
ҹ￴Ŵڼ޸˾˼£޾Ŀ־塣
ʱѾʼˣæſʼϲ֡
ӡ߹ЦŵûС㣬СԼˡ
˵ţӡߵǰЩֵСôˣͷȫ亹
㶯˶飬ʱˡ
Ρ
֪Լֻһΰˡ
Ǻ¡
Ź֮˵ֻ̫ʵİ
ӡ쿴ĴͣɵЦС㲻̫˰ɣ
޷
ҡҡͷһԼ
޸˾˼޷תˣΪôһΣȥѾµ¡
ûôơ
ֱŮ̷£ϲ
ϲ籸µģƷһһġЩͼʱǣܼ޸Ҷʱɡ
Ҷ
žԼҲ֪Ϊʲô֣Ȼ˼ί
оⲻһ֣Լꡣ
һʶԼüһˣŵģҶ
Ϊ㣬ҲǺʣ٣Ǵ˼Ů黳ġȻҶ˵ʱô䣬ҶʮȥԺǾûټԸ֪ԼϲҶԼǷΡ˵ⶼֶãҲˡ
ȴҪˡ
ݷ⧲˿ʶʱ̲סӯӿ˵ôоĪģᡣ
ͷŮھǰҧأһԲĿţʱ絶һ㡣
ɳĿסס
һһҪ޸ҶŬͷȴ֮һգתͷҪ޸һƽϵˡ
ίΪĸףȻ֪
ôأ
Ǹӣ˻ˡǣҪǿҲֻǸҰ
㣬ȴǿ޵ñ㻹Ҫ˻֡æӣֵûµģѹ˼˵޵ʱҪһ޲żҾһ¡
˵ţæĨᣬǿЦױɣ޷ġ
ģˡס֣׵ġ
׵ġ
Ůɶ£¶Լġ
˶ĸ׻۴޵ʱѧ˶ڽ͵͵Ĩᣬ֣ġ
ˣίһӵ¶ҲộǿջЦġ
Ѫ⣬ô᲻ף֣ɳﲻʲôҲ㡣޾;޳ﲻᵣ㡣
û˵ЦŵأҲûʲôÿ޵ˣͼһ޶ѡ
ĸŮ˵ŻױϲϷڣȻϸͷŹ˾˼ӭס
Ȼãȴˡ
ЩţûƬ̣š顱һ£һ߿˾˼ѹŷŭϽˡ
㣺
֪ΪǴ·ġ
㲻˾˼ʱҪʻ˼
һ˼ʱù˾˼ͷһᣬԼڻڼСˡ
ʹۣߵǰһεݸ㣬Ӳץţߡ
㲻˵֪ʻͽӦڣԸӣסվŹ˾˼ȥ
˾˼ǰ棬Ȼ̫Ը⣬ͷһۣŸͷƲ̫ߣһңǳʱˤȥҪȫǵЦ
ôҲҪˣȻϣɲ˾ǡ
ǹ˾˼Щһǰиӡ
㶣Ƭ̺ЦЦͻȻҲûôˡ
˽˾˼½
̧ܱߴڻоܱһƬ֡
ûκһ̣һ֪ȥΪСһ
ֻǵʱΪֻǹ˷˵ȴģһδ档
ʱʮ㣬ֻڽһ浣Լδһ廳ԼĹȥȻֵУһӣŵ㣡
ݳܱΪӡкܶࡣ֪Ϊʲôһ̣Ȼӿ졣
֣ͻȻƿԼĸͷر뿴һۣӣǲ˼ҹһ
ʮŮģʮˣҶʱոʮ꣬ûꡣδһŮݼҶȴŮʱȫ
һؾأδ뾭ѵȻһ̣ͻȻӿһ˿һƬʺԼĸͷȻһ졣
Ҳһ̣˴ڰһ÷㣬ǼƶԷݣδȴɴǳϳ
Ҷ
һգҶˣ


10 
ڻƿͷʱʵûҶĻʱ䣬˸ողμԣ˵ӦҪϢգŻ
˿̳Щҡ
Ϊʲôǰ
᲻ǡ᲻ᡭ
ԺͻȻôһ˿ܵ뷨Ȼ̰סԼ뷨Ǹ侲Գֵˣͷ̫Σգһ뷨ѹȥ
ŸͷһƬ֮䣬˹˸ǰ
Լʲôȥ룬ӹ˾˼ӹ񣬸Ź˾˼˽ȥܱٳ֮Ǳ˸ſֺ˵Ĺϲڴ֮˹˼ҵżȻͬá
Ȼ͹˾˼ء
ûʲôԤеɬţȥεĻȫȻͬʱ˿̣ƽãȻоȷǸʽҲûʲô롣
˰ݹã˷·һ˵·ؾظŸͷһ
ӡţֺ·İֳȻͬĶԱȣӡȡЩģͬС㣬ʲôûԣҪЩɣ
ˡӦͬӡͷҪɾȡŪˣ
⻰ӡ㶣ӣ̾˿
Ǹ㳤ģȻ֪Щʲô˿Ͷλͷﲻ֪ôģЩѹ
棬ӡԥŵƼҶˣ·ϵü˵ǲǡ
ԡ
ӡ졣
ȻӡĻ˵ӡ죬ԸҲ˲ġ
ֻǿƽҼ޵˹˼ңǹ˼ҵˡֱĪҪᣬǷǡ
ӡ֪˵ǵԸӦǡҲû˵
ϯһ·쵽ҹ˾˼ٳٲ飬浹Ǵ˽Ųûһ˿ŵҶϵͬ˵˷ӣȥɡ
Ҷ㲻Щ죬Ȼϲܱ˶ȥ֮ҶվſڣԥƬ̣ߣ̾˿Ҳûˣ㣬Ѹͷȡ˰ɣһϾˡ
زɷϡùǾô˵Ҳ޷ġ
㰡ҶЩΣҲûǿſڱտ˵عأȴ˭ҰĿڲһպҪԿͷġ
Ҷ˵о·ǻδ޵ʱͻȻӿ˼ѹ֪ΪʲôرҶϴһҶϢȻ֪ףʲôû˵ֻǵôˣ
ǰϯžأҶϽ͵ǹ˷ң˵һڷȵþˣȤ㡣
⻰Щů⡣ǸţĺãǼġ
˷ˡ
ǿɲ𣿡ҶŹӣ̾˿ʱҲ֪޽˼Ǻûǲã̰ɣȻϲ㣬ȷ˷õġ͸˵ˣ鷳ǺõˡֻأҲҲʲô
ʵҶ˵ЩЩףȴû֪ҶϵƢ˵ţҶڵŶҸˣ֪ɣ
㶣ĬƬ̣ú󣬻˵һĻˡ
͹˼Ҷ׵ϢȥˣҸǰˡ
Ҷ˵⻰Ƭ̣ڵ㣬¶Ҹ硣
⻰һʱЩ˵Ҷ˵ţûʱ̾͸Ҹȥţͬ㶨׵¶Ҹ˵ﰲš˼ף̡ҲͰˡϾ˼ҲǺ˼ң̵Ҳ֪
Ҷû˵ȴ֪ġ
ҶָŴ󻧣أҲ˵˼ȶףǾԼҴȢһ׵ŮˣҪ͹˼ҪҲΪһƽ㡣
ԴһʼûϣҶҹ
ҶƺǺҶŽ͵Ҹ粻룬֪͹˼Ҷ׵Ϣ͸ˣ˵˾˼ǸùȻѾ˵ˣŵҶҾ͸ͬ˼Ұ˵үǸģˡϻ
Ҳˡƽ
Ըȴ֪ϲ֮£ͣסˡ
ͻȻûȡ¸ͷҶϿԼǱӡ
ҶȻ֪ѾˣȴҲ֪˿Բˣ̾˿οˣ޸˾˼ʵҲδزáٹ˾˼ϲ㣬ҸҪǿһЩҸֻǿŲʵΪ飬һһ;ϣӺġ
˾˼ðȻŵȨƣӻһҲû¶Ҫϲ㣬㣬㿴ԸΪ˸һ̵֬֬֬¶ҿɶĽˡ㣬Ҷ֣Ҹ磬ҲѹԺúõģţ
û˵þúѹģ׵ġ
Ǿͺá
Ҷ˿æ㲻֪ЩʱգΪ£Ҽ˯ˡҼңҸ磬Ҳòã㲻ˡһ鳤ЩöףǧΪ¶Զˡ
ġ̾˿ϣЩˣϢһ£𣿡
úúãҶæϢȳȥˡ
Ҷͬȥһ˴ڷڿƲסСʳ
δõǻûʲôԭҪǸͲôһͬһԭҶҲȢôܸģ
оԼ޹˼һѪ޹˾˼ΪɲòϣԽĺã˾˼żģֲ޸׵ס֪Լ˸ù˭ϣֻԼϲ֮£ᡣ
ãͣˣûˣԼױ˴ϣȵɢȥš顱ı߿ˤȻžͱѡһ¹ϡ
ţ˾˼ŭҳȥʻ־ͷҳȥҳˣ㻹㻹ҪңһҪҲɣ
죡
洫ʻŭҰѴҲҳţʹȣ
ޣ˾˼Źʻŭƭӣ˵ó׾ģô¶㲻ãҳȥȻҺû꣡
ιʻ˵ˣֱӶ˴ţԺ棬ʹˡ
˾˼űڴߣŸϲš
˾˼һˣԸӵˮһڣ˲ŷ㻹˶ڴϣŵһ󻺹˼ŵĽ͵㡭㶥Ƕʲôû˯
ûԼʲô룬ùľϲδң㲻˯
㲻ԼҰ˾˼ЩĪ߹ȥһƿϲȻˮ߻ӱϡ
ɫƽڴϣ˾˼ͷһۣһüͷˣһͦǶװʬҹŻˣϽϴϴ˯ˡ
ɾδͬҺȽơ
⻰˾˼ŵֶ˶
ۣͷŵ㣬ɫϲŭһ̶ˮûаֵ鶯
עƬ̣þúͻȻ㵱ĸԸ޸ҵ𣿡
û˵̧ۿŹ˾˼
˾˼žƱЩţĿİͰ͵ʵҲ֪ݳǵĴҹûһҵģҳǮʲôûУҿҲҲûҪ˿ϡⱲӣȢϲңҲϲĹҺͺһӡ
أ
㲻Ҫ˵ʲôͿ˾˼룬˱裬ֺܹǰϣһ衣
Ų裬һԲ˾˼ĵС㣬֪ʵǸ˼ͨ͸ʮִŮˡ
̧ۿ
˾˼ЦЦ֪ϲҲˣҪԺأҸܣҲҼҵǮȥǮ֮Ը˺ܶܶǮԺҪǿ˭ҿ˭Ǿͺ룬ô
⻰͵ֿۣŹ˾˼
˾˼Լδ滮ţˣŮ֮Ϊ˼޸˼ң޸˼ңΪ˹úáԼԼúãͿԲü޸˼ңü޸˼ң˼Ұ˵ʲô˵ʲôҲͲҪ˶Բԣ
һӾôʮ꣬˭ҲίԼװһ⡣С㣬ԺΪһỤ̊Ȼһİˣİ㣬ȻȢ㣬ͬϲ˹һӣǲŽһӡ㣬Ըһ˹Ҳûʲô
أҲһϲĹȻˣԸһ˶жһҲͦõġˣͬúùҼȻϲϲίˣǵ÷ֵΪûôΰû취Ϊһӣһӡ֪ڽܲˣҵĻú룬кܳʱ䣬룬ˣ֪ӣͦġ
û˵˶ڲ
֪ΪʲôΪʲôˡضڴȫǻ֣̿ҧȻ㲻ϲңΪҪȢң
㰡˾˼һĪȻ㲻ϲңΪҪң
Ӧ˻£ǶѡҲȢ㣬ҪȥȢ㣬ҵⱲӡҲԴаǺú˾˼棬һ죬һҺ롭
û˵꣬޿̣žһƣͳ˹˾˼ϡ
˾˼˶ˣ㱬ʽĿ
ҹ
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лҪ˵˾˼ú뷨ô
㣺Ҿܾ
Ҳᡪ
㣺ú뷨ô
˾˼һܾ
㣺ҸһˣҺ룬ȢʮСɾ
˾˼㲻ܡ
㣺Ϊʲô
˾˼ҲҸ˧ɾ
˾˼ɫˣҽԺ


11 
˾˼˶ɵģþûزֱڴϣҲƲסʹࡣ
ôͼ޸ôһˡ
ôͼ޸ôһˣ
ӵҲͰˣûҲͰˣҶ˵мĻãȴǶȫȻģ⣬Ϊ˹˼ǮıŹһһŸǮ롣
˵Щаźͬ룬Ҫĭȥ
֪˾˼ôôĪ뷨ȥҲ;ãԼȢġ
Ҳˣ˾˼֪Ǳų޵ô˵˭лΪһ˵ҸԸҸ˾˼Ǵ˺˼Ҫģ㲻Ҳúáûɷңһӹô
ǰ֮֮ûһΪҲΪ¶ϲ̨棬ȴǸصصǧ𡣿أڹ˼ҶԣҾԲǿķΧҲûиֵҸһ¥˾˼һǵŮӣΪҶ
ԽԽһ뵽ֻһͼ޸ԼıҶѾûʲôͷʧ˿أſڴϺޣ˾˼ˣð죬ӦҰɣ
ӦǸĿ
˾˼о޵һͷϽ˱ˣҲ˵ˡ޵ͷۡˣԶû
㲻˵ޣ˾˼ӹУȻųȥףžһֱ汻źȾƣûôԣƺһѣӱϣ˷ֵģ˱裬һһ۲㡣
һֱڿޣ˾˼Ͳףôܿ޳ӡ
˸ȥ̾˿ˣԳԶɣԵ㶫˻˺ܶġ

˾˼ҲƢᣬ˵ʲôëĵ¿ηΰҲǺһδĹ滮㲻ϲҶôָ·㻹޸ûˣ
˾˼һ˵ţһбԱϣɵŸ㣬ֹҺ˵˰һ¾ˣƢܲõġ
Ȼ㲻Ϊڶ˾˼̲סˣ㵽׿޸ʲô
ӣڣ˵δʲô˵ģʱҿ϶㰲źó·¸ʲôϲĲҶû˵꣬˾˼ͻȻסˣ·Ȼʲô͵ۣ쿴㣬㲻ϲҰɣ
һ⻰ĿƲסԼޡ
ϲôϲˣ
Ȼ˾˼ȴ·ҵһеĺģ־£Ŵϵ㣬һʱȻ֪Ǻá
ôˣͷһϲеôһ˿ССɬͱŤ
ܿ췴Ӧ˹̬Ⱥ࣬һǸˣǣҵȷǲܻӦģ㲻ϲǸķϡҪǮС¶ǹ˼еǮҪҪҵģ̫ˡ
˵ţ̾˿
֮ǰǧż޽ǼΪǮʱַ֪ȻΪϲЩɱˡ
ϲġ
ϲŮˣӦԴ⣬ȫȻһһ۾ܱ֡
㣬̫ͨͨأ̫ˡ
һ뵽⽫һ޷Ӧĸ飬ô࣬˾˼ЩˣҲ˵ˣͷŵС
ˣδӻ㻹ʱ롣ȻҲϲ㣬Ȼ޽Ҳõġҵ˶ܺãġ
ֲǼ޸
ŻһѪֻһйԼίͱ˾˼һԷСȰ˲ˣҸ˵ЦԵ㶫˶಻áС㰡鰮˼ˣԺҪǮǲҪġôˣô벻͸أ
ͣúϢһ£ϢˣҴȥǮѴӻȥʱͻܵʲôʹ޷ȬһΪǮࡣ
˵ţ˾˼ӻͳһƱһˣֻҪóƱ˭ܶЦȷܹܲãƱŵ㻳ҲˣƱú˯ɡ
û˵Ŀˣ˾˼ϣ˾˼ж·ڣЬС˱ӡţƱڴϳҭ
˾˼Ŵڵϣڲˣ˯ĺ˾˼̾˿
ĺۣƣ
һӵܣΪʲôҪôֳصĸ
ڸп֮ԼĿڴһο϶ҪǮϣһƱûʱ㻹һš


12 
˯һҹƱˡ
ڴϣҲľƽʲô롣
ھ׵йЩʹͷŭк֮ǶΪľãȻ֪ԼôļΪʲôҲ֪ԼδҪȥ
δϻۻʼֻǸʮСʮѾǣɶ˵ʮ꣬Զһĵĳɳ
ͨʮ徭ȴ޷ͨʮõһ¶侲̹Ȼġ
ٿˣͳ׷ڴϣ붯˵Զʲô롣
˾˼Ҳû˰ѴŴ򿪵һ˲䣬˳ȥ
һϣˣܾôҪʻҪϨ˶˼
Ҫж棡
ҹ·ͳԼŵ˽Ǯ·˿ŵ˲һ·񱼳˹˸˸˱ԼүܵٶȸˣƬ̺Ͻ˹ʻʻͽʻ˾˼ˣ˰ֵ˾ˣϱأϱðɣûܰɣ
Ĺܼ㶣ЩãȻûܡ
ĶӣôĶϱ
ûܣ͹ʻ˿ϱھͺã˼˾˰ɡ
ܼң
ӴŲġ
͹ʻĿݹ˾˼ǲ֪ģƴܳ˹˸ûͣһ·񱼵Լȥľ¥ھ¥˰䣬˸ĲͳѰţź˿Сƣ˼ְȫС
Ȼھ¥ĲͳѰ˰ʱӸˣźֵݳĬĲֵϲϲ
ϲˣ˾˼ʹŶͷҸоҵͷըˡ
ըʲôѰߵߣ˱ƣȰοȢŮˣҲǶ¶㲻̰ͼ˷˵𣿸ˣԺǸôô棬Ҳġ
˾˼ʹҪֻ̰ͼǮͺˣǣ֪ǳǮġ
ǳʲôģĲЩ£һˣǳǮģûܡ
˾˼̧ͷ̾˿мǳġ
뱨㣿ĲһӦȵеɣ
˾˼ϲҡ
ճڣѰһھƾ˳˶Ĳһ
ѰæԲסԲס̫ˡ
ĲޱóѰתͷ˾˼Ҳ̫ˡ
˭أ˾˼˿ھƣⱲӣǸծѻҪǮãҪģҲ֪ôźˡ
ģĲ׹˾˼˼˾˼˵ͷģԽԽҲѰ졣
ð죬ѰæһŮ̫ˡ
ô죿
˾˼ѰζЦЦ¥˯죬֤ˡ
˾˼Ĭˡ
ķ֮ش¥Ҳǹ˾˼ǰȥĵطֻǰȥĲͳѰֵ̫ط𴺷¥ϲķ;¥
ԺζģΣϲ
ǮȥĵطĹ괺¥ҹļۣΪ˸ĲҲһǧڷ³
һŮ˵ʲôɷɻڶȥ¥Ĵ
ڹʻ˵ʲôȳɻڶ¥
˾˼ֻ΢һ룬ͷͬѰãȥ¥
˵꣬˾˼ųѰĲ߸˴¥
ȥ˴¥¥Ĺ°ѹһһվãȻߵ˾˼ǰѯ֪ӿʲôƫãĹ衢١ʫͶʲôϲūſɸƼλ
˾˼ˣ룬̧ͷлҶƵ𣿡
㶣ʶһ
˾˼ŵлǮ𣿡
£
йĻǮģ
ȻϾǹͣºܿƽϲƺȾҡӵĹ˾˼˸߲˼˶һƬ֮У˶Ǯ
˾˼ҵ֮ʱڴϣһ
֪˾˼뿪ˣʹ˾˼ȥĶҲԼʲôѾҲûκξӪ˼
ʲôزأҲûˡ
һֻ˹ڹ꣬Ըȥκһ仯
ӡþòȥһۣɫľŴһӡ첻ɵЩ£СС㣿
û˵ӡţæߵͬ˵ŻС㣬ôˣǲĶ
С㣬˵仰ӡ֣үôˣôϲ۰ǡ
˵ţӡˣСǣûԲ
㴹ӡ˻ӦϽС㣬һҺ¡
ӡ졭ɬҪҡ
ʲôӡ쾪ڴϣ̧סԼɳƵ˵ˣϲңԺϲˣҪ˺ãҡ
㡭
ӡ졭΢΢Ҹô졭ô찡
ˣһô죿
ڹ˼Ҳó谮ĸָô죿
ĸԲٰļױôǮƹ˼ҲӦ¶µƣĸ׵ӣҪôȥ
һ뵽Щ뵽δ͸о
ӡҲǻˣ㣬ð죬ڵС㣬үү϶Ǻ˵ģѹǼģ˷˺ܺõģ⣬Ҳ᲻ܹ˹ӣ£ѹ˹ǲ֪ĺã֪ˣô
û˵ڴϣһӡ˵ǰοģ˭
Ѿ޹ˣҲٿˣδʲôô죬ȴģһ㶼֪
ӡȰԵ㶫ȴǱƣûаֱ仯ȫġӡ̾˿ŵ㲻ԶҲ˷˺͹ү裬ŸܸеأȻǻᱻЦġ
㲻˵
˵Ҳ˰ɡ
̾˿ڣġѾˡ
ӡ첻ٱ㣬ȥ˻͹ʻϢ˶һۣӡһվţһʻЩΣƬ̺һȻ岻ʣϢþҽþ˼ȥ¶ϲˣϡ
˵꣬һС˾ͼææܽүˣүȥ˴¥
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ʻɫѿЩȻһתͷȥӡȭͷ
»ڶվ¥үȻӵܣҲҲ̫ˣ
ʻڷӦҲ໰ϴԱ˹ӣŭҪȥ˾˼Ȼȴ֣ס˹ʻº͵үܴܲһӡҲǳ׵ˣܲһֱһ̡ܽ
ӣҲҪɣʻô£ЦŵүܰɣҲˡ꣬ĴȻû·Ҳλܵ¥ȥͬûףҲˣҪץӣԺô
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˵ʻڲ˿ڣŤͷȥܣ㵹ʲôӡ
¶ϣЦŵǱء
⻰ʻڲ˵
վתͷӡ죬ӡŽȥҹ˾˼鷳ȴº͵С㣬ڷ𣿡
ӡ㶣Ȼңұȥɡ
˵ţˣ˽˴ֱӾ̤ȥ
ӡ췴ӦʱѾſڣҲ˵ֻ̫ܸ࣬ڽһ㷿С
㻹ڷ˯ţУ³㡣ң㱳ˣ˯ڴϣϻǼϲۡ
֪ʲôɵ̾˿ߵǰ
ܵվ˸ˣۣתͷ
㣬е˵Ӳʣұ㣬ɺЩˣ
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˾˼ӳ˸ˣ뿪ˣˣҪȥѰҿ֣Ǯһ죬ɡһʱǮһʱˬһֱǮһֱˬֻҪǮ࣬˾ץ~~~~~~~
㣺
˾˼
ͨ£
˾˼ţĲͳѰģ
ĲѰʺţ
2
ߣǴү˸ʱж죿
˸ˣû壬ܼҸңǽٶȡ


13 
ϳǽᣬԳɺվ񡣽æסܾͬŰɣǼûôô㿴
ûʲô¶ģ˿һƬľҲڣڴϣýк˴
ϸϸһ£Ҳû˵ôˣֻ˵һ֮ǰһЩõĵط˵Ҫ
Ҳû˵˵ͷôȥӺ˸׼˳ԵģȻתͷ
ĴѾ߼״˳ȥҲʣϱˣ㣬˿̵ģ㲻Ϻãһҹױ޻ˣ۾Ҳˣȥȫһӡ
̾˿ҴҴӣҹ;˼ôˣ
㴹²ŵǾ˼ͬ˵˺˰ɣ
㻹ǲῴӣȴЦˣȥǰͬ˭˶ͬ˵Ǹҹ㣬Źءôռ޵Ҽȴأ
˷ˣڳˣƽұǲԸ޵ġ
㶣ȴû뵽ôһģð죬ŻЩɵɡʱͬ˵Ľ˼
㳰˹ǣֲǲ֪Ҽ˵ĻҲţ
Ա߰Щ£ҡ㡭
һʱ֪ô˵ȥˣ֪լƽµˣϢȻ¶һЩǶŮȴǲġЩԴöȣΪŮģû¹ŮǸĸͷ⣬ο㻹ǵճŮĸԵһǸһЩ˾˼ļϣô붼벻ô¶
ŮĻϻ˵һ𣿣
һʱҲЩŭѹƢ㣬º͵㣬Ҷңûнף
Ǵ׵ġʵʵ˵ɫľҶ̫̫Ҽ˵ýҲѾͬˣֻҶԹס
ֱǻƣ
⻰̲סŭȳ
̧ۿ˿վػ˼Ȧ
ô󹤷ɵ£ӲԸﲻϲҶҡ
۾̬ȡԼƽź˿ˮ
ã侲¶ѾˣСǱǻţ̧ͷһɫľ㣬ЩԥƬ̣صǰôʣ˰죬㣬ڵ¶ǹ˼ҲûмʱҶҵĻ£Ҹǣ¡
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㣬̾˿ŵֻѾδ㣿
δ㣿
Ц׶ˣˣѵù˾˼˲ɣ˹˼ңúùӵģһʲôѡ
Ĭţ˿˵üΪѣǲҲǹ˾˼
˷ˣۿ»֮ҹ˵ҪңֲӰιȥ
ұˣ޸ˣⱲҲûжָʲôҪҰӹȥңǱȥ
ᾲţĦĻ
ʮСڣ᲻ɵÿЦԣ㣬ǰѹ˾˼һ𣿡
һʲôΣһˣһΣܣΣҸݳǵЦ𣿡
ڴôأţҡͷ
Ҳ֪ô졣
ʲôˡ
ɣɳƳˣһˣȥĶȥĶʲôʲô˷ˣڹ˼ңһڷɡҲˣˡ
ܲˡܲ˰
һδα׽Ūһδη޳
ΪׯǰȴȻ͵Ԩ
СĽô꣬ͷȴߵһҲˡ
ῴſڴ߿ŵĹ̲ס̾˿̧ıû˵
İСҭţ˺þúС㣬޹˱ͣ£޹ˣվǡ
û˵Ա˸ӣᣬ֪࣬˵ˣҪôվҪôȥվѣվ˾ܼߣȥףȥˣ·Ҳߵͷˡ
˭֪أԳǹ˷ˣ·Ʋ
ĬƬ̣þú֪Ծ˼ӵܣһǴͬҶƺȷǸɷѡ
˵Щƫ̻Ҷֻزͷ˼ҲزͷҪȥġϣⳡǽףǽҪԸ⣬ұͬ˵˵ҵ뷨
˵
ҶȷӵܣҶϽԴһֱδʲô캦֮£˺öģнơӲմȾŮɫʢ¥ΪһǧҲΪʮˣʵơҪӣһһһ˫ˣ𵱽˵ٸϣӡ
ֿϲ˶ԣǣڲϲ˶ԣ˪ҪңŸֿ𣿡ЦҵԸܻһЩһ·
ɸ¶ϲϲأ
ЦЦ϶Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԡңҲͷǿ̣ŵüүǸʲôڻǰ֪ģԵԽ̣ôޣҲǳףոһദţꡣ
˼ûϲŮӣŮӶû˵ϼ仰֮Ծϲ㣬Ψһ˵ϲҪȢĹʹᣬɸϣҲһء
㴹ῴԸҲȥģϣΪԼȿӣϿһǴ㷽ȥ·ѾҩɾȣԹպô죿ͰԼһô
ˣԸΪԸ̾˿ܵίⱲҲˡ
ЩΣŵҲָ˵һҪҶϲ㲻ϲҲ⡣ϣ˹˸ȥܰģҶվ˼ȥ˴¥һ׮ìܣѡδ·Ըҡ
⻰˶ڲ
¥
»һգȥ˴¥ںεأҪȫݵЦ
˷˵ңҪΰ
ȡҪΰ
Ҫ˴˿̾ȥҰѹ˾˼ݺݵķأ
ԡɫûаֳɣ㴽΢΢һ̧ۿأ
˷ˣɳƳӣңҲ
㣬ֽ̧ͷ쵽󣬡˵ˣף𡣾˼¶ϲԣҲƫ˸Ȼ㵱ٷˣô£ҲãƭҲգ̧ҼңұᾡԵõĵطߡһܻ˳Ψһģʱõĵط߹ȥ
ʵ˵ʵ˽˵˸ֻҶҸãֻҪԸúù㹫Ը㲻Ҫʲôأպ̡飬ҶԽ㡣˼ӣ㣬;檣ԺȻȡԸڳ׺ϴ¥һҲ֪㴦ֻıƭ鷳ĿദֻҪĿദеΣ취
㲻ҪȻŻ£ᵭȻȥ˽һ£˼Ǹˡ


14 
ŽĻûгᾲþúȴǵռ޸үʱôģ
ЦʱҲǻ죬˸ң꣬˺üҡ
Ƥ˶ŽⱾҲǳˣʱᣬϲ벻ͬ֡࣬˷ͬ꣬ߵˡģҶ˺ԺЩˣԺӣҵʵ˼ңһǮȥˡ
ŶҲҲѧҡͻȻеʱæҹò˳죬һ˵Ѱˡ
˵ţ˵Щ£ȶϢԸǰҪȥѾ˼
ſڣڵˡ
ǹ˾˼ľûлͷ·ˡ
ЦЦ˼úϢת뿪
ȽߺڷУţһԲ
ӡ߽С㡭
ֹ̧֣סӡĻһ롣
ӡ첻ҿˡͿվߵϡ
ٶġĸȻܾãŮңŮΪֻΪ˵Ҷᰮ壬ѧ˿ҪʲôԼƽ£Ǿǰ
ɫƽȫʲôӡ첻Ҵš
ǵõһӣ¶ոսҪԺǰֿ֣ȴһһԲԼ˷ȳ֮ͻ¶Ӵ˽жȣ˵Ȼڴ֮ǰӡ컹ǵãʵǸϲ浯ỤܵҰѾͷ
֪һλʲôȻ֪һѡһõ·
ǰӣԼġʱԼһУ·ھһϴڻȵҽƣҺ
֮һҪ˳ʱж澳ʱж͡
ӣ˼š
֪Լ㲻ϰμ⣬ΨڼͶϣȳҪô֡
ܹٵ̬ܹѸѧϰӦܱ߻
¶ңѸٰԼӴСһͨС㣬¶ĵ⣬ͬԣ¶£Ҳõ
ֵñϲͬ¶ѧģܳΪһ˳޵Ĺ㣬Ҷѧġ
ųѧϰᣬδŮ˵ͣԺŮϸϸʿȥ˼Ž߼
վڽĽǶȥ硣
һϲˣȹ˾˼Ϊ£ࡣȴһһӪ˳Ϊ˽һһһ˫˵ĺɷ
Щү㸻ԣЩ˵Ĺʻȴǳ裬ҲǽĹ͡
ؽƸԼıӭȢһϱѾĻϱ˼ױϱԼĻԹޣûأԻ޷ִ磬ȴԾܲղŭվڶԷĽǶϣȰ⣬滮һ˶õ·ӡ
˼ңԹ˼ҵȨƣվΪֱӹʰһҲãȥҲãеǷӴĥɽȴ֮ܶ鶯ܹ֮ڹ˼ҡ
㳤һ
Ӹ߶ѣλ¶
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Ȼվƽףȴ
Ѿ֪ܼȥһ˵һùҪµľǵù֮һֱ֮УȻһٶ¡
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Ȼӡ콫ȥ̷˾˼˶˹ϸϸ˵Ź˾˼Ĺȥ
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öԷ˵кڰӽ£УԺȥճ˾˼Ĺȥδ
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ĵϲèè·ߵҰèҰιʳ
Լģ¶µľһ¶һ˵µľ޹
ܽԼֵܴ߲嵶
һΣ߽
뾡취ӳ˸ڹǽԼǽߣ˽ǮﵽصƱýǮռãԭʦڶҪ˲Ʒ
ƴȥѰ˵ŵ㣬ͼ͹۵ȥˣƺͶҩɾȣֻǹ档
죬ĶˣЩ𣬸Ҳˡ
̧ۣ˵һ仰
Ķ
⻰ӡ㶣Ӧ͵ҡ˴
ͷӡ׼ˮԡ£ױ
һͷβ뷢˿мʱȥϢ˻ˣٷˣڻڴ¥
⣬˾˼ڶĳһһ²Уȥ˴¥ҲûŲط㲻ʲô
ͷȥݼ˽͹ʻ
͹ʻˣʻŵֶ˶ʿˮҲԼҵˣͷͬƤܾûš
̾˿ҡҡͷСӵ¶ͺˣܡ
ûһˣ͹ʻλ㹧񣬹ʻϽͬǹ˼Ҳûôأ̫⡣
еĹػҪеġ
ɫƽͣױ˿ȥɺ̧࣬ͷº͵ǰЩʱ㲻ʣûž裬ż¡
ⲻ¶ʻһ˵¶ü־˼ӡ㰡޹ίˣ˼ǰСʱ岻ãǾûֹܣ˾ˣҲû뵽ô죬ҰץһǸ
˵ЦˣɫƽͣûΪʻĻģҲûʲô˵ƽҲƽһֱӣҲ֪ġ޵˹˼ңҲǹ˼ҵˣܹúãǱ㹻ˡϲȥ棬ǱȥɣҲʲôġ
⻰͹ʻʻˡ
ֱӷûô}ûţ˵ôãֱҪꡣ
㲻֪ʻģͷ˹̬ǰһͬż񣬶˽һ¼֪պڹ˼ңʲôҪעĵط
ҲûУʻŵֻҪ;˼ܹƽ˳죬ϾʱٶϽЩͺˡ
⻰ĥţԥſڵ˼ǣϣӶϽ˼ǰͬ˵𣿡
ʻӦû˵ġʻ˼Խ͹ʻܰѹ˾˼̳ܽ
һʱһʱϣʻҲûڣ̾˿ֱӵǰһӸ߸˹ǣԴҲûҪϽ顣ڲһˣϣպܹЩ£¼ﻤסҲԼסԼ
˼ǣʲô𣿡
㽫Ŀ䵽ϣɻ󡣽˼Ҳͬˣӹ˼ݵĸ̣ʵڶҸڶ飬񶫶ֲȣѾûϳˡҸ籾Ҫ˼붫Ȼıһְٰٽټ£ǰ̡ǲԸ˼ЩԲżŸ˼һ¡
Ļᣬȴסʵ²ϳܿûжʱˣǽȻһλ˾˼ľ˾ҪȹλãĳλȨĹסǡ
üͷʵõҲ綨̫ӣôǻж֮ģ˼Щʲôأ
˼תתԺֳ︡Ǹ
ı󣬷붫
մ״ʣݺаԵ
˼һݣסڵ֪˾ڶʲôλүʲôϵ
վģȻӵ˿ڲ裬׹ݵĹϵ̸ϣֻһλֶŮĲ
⻰
ڶˡ
¶ڶӦˣֻǸһֻżȻ𣿣
豭úȲĶȥԼ˼Ŀռ䡣
Ǹģǹ˼һжʱ򣿹˼ˣΪ˾˼ӣܵ𣿣
дȷ²豭ڽԼ׼õĻ˵Ȼ˱ʣƲȹȥӣȷҪһˡ
жң˵ٻӢһҲܸЩ̵ı£žÿǣ


15 
Ȼʻ̾˿ȥòԶ߸СٹȰ˵ţʻ̧ͷ㣬㣬ռ޽κպôദǿĹأøǧˡ£ҿóǸ֪ģҪúùܽ
¶ΪѵģǱϾǴӵĸĸǶ޷̣ܽΪӣǡ
£һ⻰ʻ֪ʲô̵ȥܣҸԲҶô
ұϾǸŮӣҲȰ˵һҪҲû취
ģʻ̵ҽԺĸֶʮȫ㣬רܽҪȰ͸ץҪҪǸ־ͺã
㶣Ȼȷ˼û뵽ʻȻִеôףֻҪС˵ġ
Ҳ޹ˣڹʻ棬ŵҲЪһЪˣЩʱգдС񣬾ͽܣʲôģңԺϤˣһ¾ͳ׽ɡ
ˣСҲˡ
˵ף͹ʻڹ̹ܽ˾˼ϣѾ޷ˡֱӷȨȥɡ
й֧֣ͰˡȥҴӣȰ顣
úúãһ顯֣ʻӯ룬һսͱԺ̫ȰһȰҲûϵֻҪܴˡ¶ӳ飬ҪûȰҲûϵҪʧܣ˼⺢ӣһʧûʲô˵ġ
ŷģһԻʵ¡ʤĳŵһɫȣûаֻɵһѴӴġ
˵꣬ţϤһ¼еˣ֪ɷһָңϤ
֣֪Ҫʲôæֻ˹ֵͬЩʱգ͸ٷˣϤ
١ʻҲϽϣͬѼкֶٷˣԺٷʲôʲôǧү۸ٷˡ
ֺٶվ˳Ӧ֮󣬹ؾͬЦŵͷͬʻݱ
ųֺٵԺ˽˶˹̴һſվԺӣȻһ㱨ֺͲ¡Ϥϣ˿ڲ裬ԺҾٷˣδڹ˼ңλչˡ
˾ţûҷº˵䣬һתŽңպҹ£ϣҵķܺѧϣϣйһЩɾһЩø˴Ӷ飬ǿף
סŵ˸ϽӦվͬ˵պһὫµļҹ淢ȥ˰ռҹ¡ұͬ˵һҹ棬󣬵һرǣ˸ˣ԰ӶϽΪһҪ񣬲ðκβѧ֮£ҿף
û˸˵ˣҶĬš
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⻰ˣ˼Ȩ˵λãĵȷȷǻˡ
ҧҧͷ˾䣺ף
˵ͷʼԸ£ȥ鷿īֽ徭Щ˸е鶼ˣѴǰ߰顢õĶصľƣ֮лŶĶȫһá
УǰӳڵĶȫҶϣȫߣǽҲˣҼǽһЩȷȥУӡ죬ӡ죬ӡϽǰӦǡ
ȥһȦѴӲصƱȫҳȷûκ˽ǮȻ׼ϴˮѾһЩԵģò÷׼ʮɫ·ҪлƣʽЩ·רŸ顣
ǣ
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ȷԸе¶ȷѹ˾˼ץҲ֮ܲתһͷͿŵһѵ
ǰѵպáǹ˾˼ȥؽµģǶűʯȥʮƯڷУװƷ
㿴ǽƬ̺ǰȥǽȡ˵
˿µʱоЩáһ̷˾˼Сľ϶ʱʼĻţϽȥ֪ͨ˾˼²õĳ嶯һ뵽ڹܼ㣬᲻
Ⱥǲǻڴ¥
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Ӧǣһˣĵվڴ¥ſڣͷ򴺷¥ӡ
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Լ޸˹˾˼һжһˡΪԼδıһ·
ָ˾˼ܹϲѾӱ˵Ŀ֪˾˼һôظˡֻ̰ͼŮòˣԼܹͨŬù˾˼һŵһһһ˫˵ӣ̫棬Ҳ̫Ҫˡ
ڼ˹˾˼Ҫİ飬Ҳİ顣
Ҫģֻǹ˼ٷˡ˵λãҪģԼܹͷأĸĸƾӹһӰȣٻҪģǹ˾˼ⱲӶһչ˾˼ҪȥѰ飬Ҳǹ˾˼뿪˼ң
һҪŹ˾˼顢ˣֻе˹٣ŻɷԼŹ˾˼
˾˼˹٣ھˣͷأκ˶ܿĸװ֣
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ѾΧ࿴ֵˣ¥¥Ÿ֮УҶ˵ŶƣͻȻ֮
һͷͿһСŰɫ£ɫ廨䳤ȹһѵ΢΢˴¥̨ס
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ץ˾˼İɣ
˵⣬˴Ц˰ֵᣬǳľֹ׵
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лҪ˵˾˼վסɵţ


16 
˾˼һҹƻûѡͳ˴ӣѣˣ
˾˼˯Ժ˻֣ͷҡ
Ѱɣ𱿴Ź˾˼ȫ˯˵ģ̲סŴŵģ߲ƣѰ
ˣ
˾˼Ҷţȥ
𱱻ôһҲ˵ˣųȥʱ㿴ŵ˵¥Ͻˡ㵽ſڣǹţɾ
˾˼ûӦ
ȷϹģ䷿ûӦҪô˯ͿˣҪôˡ
㿪ʼţ˾˼
˾˼ͷۣס˶䣬˱ӣװû
ŭˣռȻˣҲûҪʲô͵һţ
һţЩɶˡ
˼ѡһ£ڴˣ
ȻͿ˾˼ڴϣ˯㡣ŭҲûסŭһ˾˼
һ˾˼¥¥˶˾˼ȻҲˡЩԺٵĽŲֱãʶһ࣬ѡһ£һѵֱֱࡣ
γˣ
俴˾˼÷ɿ죬оֲݵƣʿˮסŵ֣Щ侲һ㡭лáú˵

ɫĮ
˾˼ɿͷ
˵תȥŹϡ˾˼һ棬ŹǷʲô
֪ɾչңӭӡ
ù˾˼Ŀĵϣͳŵӭӣó
ɾҲˣǸûȥúö飬ȡһùˡ
⻰˾˼һɵӵ㣺˵ʲôһȥʲô
顣˾˼һûɣ
ɾ濪ڣʮˣͽڣΪδ롣ݸָ̣ù
ͣͣͣ˾˼̧ӣ¶ʹ֮ɫססһĻǧٱˡ˵㣬ȣǰŵŮˣԸδйͶԷ¶ҲܺߣȢҲȢˣҲˣǮҲˣҪʲôʲôԺأӣҹҵӣ㿴вУ
̧ۿڹ˾˼Ļ⡣
˾˼һַֻϥϣԼ˿ڲ裬ԴǿУǸʲôˣƽЩġЩܵ˽ȥЩ˵ǻ˵ʲôãʵһ㣬ҵ׸Ҿ˾飬ұһӣʲôҼ⣬ҼӷŴҳһӡ˵ôȥʲô飬ﰡ
˿ڲ裬Ź˾˼ˣҸ㰡ǼǮׯһŴһһÿϢһҼÿҪʮӳȥһ꾻׬ʮ򡣵ԺҵˣҺģǼһϢһɣҲʮ򡣳ǮׯǼһеأ棬ҼⶼˣǳϢҲһӣ˵㣬ƲңͦίģǮ¶ϣԲǸģһӣв
Ҫûһأƽ˾˼ЩãȻʲô˼
˼ΪʲôܷŴˣΪʲôôﲻۺ죬Ϊ˾ڳλӸ߹٣һʱֱˣ˼ҿɽˣù˼һʲô³
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Ȼһʱ䣬Ȼף˵⻰ȫпܣ
ЩţϻǲԣһҲû취ˡҪ浽ʱ򣬾ɡ
أŹ˾˼ٻһӣʱһվˣأ㸸ĸأΪ𣿡
Ƕ˾˼̾˿˰ֵҲˣʱҵ취ġ
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㶣һʱЩΣûüˣ֪Ϊ˼޽Ҷң޸˶Ŭ𣿡
ҴҲʮ꣬ʼһֱѧôΪҶϲˡۣۿ΢죬˾˼㣬ǰ䣬ȴ̬ŵĹÿÿһ飬ٹĸҶϵÿһ飬ұҶеļҹ棬͵ѧ黭ҰԼװҹ㣬һôŬΪԼҪɹˣһһɾҵһӣһý
һҵɾྴٰü
ʹ޳㣬ǹ˼ңһУ
ҡ˾˼ϣ֪޹
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˵Ȣң˾˼
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ҧڣ˾˼ʧȥһЦ⣬ŶŵĹ
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ãһץס죬޻ױȴһֻСӣּᶨԻն˾˼ҲԸⲻԸ⡣˵Ǿ仰˼ҰӭȢţҳΪӣ͵Ϊ¸𡣡
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Ҷã͵áʧȥģ㶼ûҡӽһؼȥҪٸĳ¥ЩӰ˵ĵطϣֿ˵һץŹ˾˼ӣһֻֽڹ˾˼ϣײ㣬ҾѵĨ˼Ҵſڣ𣿣
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վҶع
һ
֪øϽߡ
һζԻԣϢ̫̫ˡ
ȫҪӡǸñ˾˼Ҫĵģֻй˾˼ջ᲻Ѫ¥
Ȼ룬˾˼Ѫ¥Ǿͽɡ
ԼϱնɱҲ
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лҪ˵Ҷ̫ˣûȢ
˾˼һؼҶ飬ҲȢϱء̫ء


17 
㾲ǰƺѾȫ֪Ĺ˾˼ɫƽ޹˵侲Ȼ侲ù˾˼Щ£ϵĵνģʵ֣ǰѵµģȴ״̬
˾˼ţ˿̵㣬ǻں̸¡
ҺЦ˿֪ԣң޸Ƕô¡
˵
ôãϲҶİɣ
˾˼ﻮôһ˿ͷθзӿЩ޴롣˵ԸȫҶȴԼ˵˺þúŽŵ㡭ѵġ
ؼȥġ
ֻһ䣬˾˼ͷʹúúãؼһؼңͻȥ
˵վվһߡ
˾˼·㾯迴Ҫһ粻ӡ˾˼˸ڼȥæҪȥʲô
·˾˼̾˿ץסӣˣб·ͻȥɡ
ȷԹ˾˼ӣ᲻ڻ·ʱˡ
˵ţŹ˾˼ߣ˾˼ֻ¥һһ̾αأô·ʱ䣬Ҫ𣿡
㲻˵˾˼оܱĿⶼ˹ЩΣſ˺ʲô¿Ϲ۰
ѹЦϽתͷȥȴ
˾˼оԼӣһ춪ˡһʱ̲סԹҾҰɣҲǸȰģộĶ飿
Ҫ𣿡
̧ۿ
˾˼ĪҲҪӵ𣿡
ԺͲҪˡ
˵ţһ˹ȥ飬ӽ쿪ʼͱˣúö飬ҶŰպμӿƾ٣㲻ܱ
㣬˾˼һ⻰ͼˣ˾ôٰʱȵʲô£
Ц޸㣬ҿɾҶˡ
˾˼⻰ҭҭ֪˵Ҳʵﻹǲһӣ˵Ҳȡ
ȲӮǰɣ
˵Ļңû¶ҲûָӮ
˾˼˵ԭмΣ⻰һζûˣ
ѣƤû£ҲϡΡöҲö
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˾˼һҿܰô죬Ҫ³ҡ
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¡
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˾˼⻰ʿˮ˰죬ЩƻصλϣСģ˵̫ˡ
㣺ǡ
һ˵˹˸һ˸˾˼Ͻȥ
ѾˣǶӮģΣͰһأȥ϶а취˵㡣
һ·Сȥ˹ʻͽķƸں棬ŮѸţһ·һһߣԶŹ˾˼Ŀ
ҿ챻ˣ
ƽʱô𣿡
ͷԱߵѾߡ
ԱѾ߱ЦСһ᲻ŵġ
˾˼ŵ֪ġû뵽ŵ¶ҲᴫȾ
һֱãŮкܣʻҲһеķȻû뵽һ̤ԺӣͿ˾˼Źʻȣɺ֮ǰĸĸȻҲ˹˾˼һۣʻһΪѡ
˳ͻȻ׹˾˼ƢĶˡ
һãš
һ˾˼ø󣺡ҪΪҲ飬Ҳ飡Ҷͷۡۡȫۣܰ
˲ˣϽˣ취
ţҲʮˣӣΪ˸ĸܵΪǰ̿ǣ˵ǰɣ
⻰ýʱ˼֣ЩΪѿŹ˾˼Ź˾˼񵶸һ
վڹ˾˼ŻȥϢɣʹŷȥˣλͲòˡ
ǰʻȳǼȻ˵ˣܺˡ
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˵ţſ˹˾˼վ˾˼ˣһ
תɹʻţϽҡ
վڹ˾˼ɾɡ
ɡ
ɡ
ɣ
仰ħһڹ˾˼߻صð죬ŷӦ˹㡭ҵʲô
ɾ̾˿ⶼΪð
˾˼ҡͷС㣬ãӣҴˣҲ㣬úһ£Ĳʺ϶飬˶ʲôСҴС岻ãҲʺ϶ģҶͷۡ
ۣȫۡ
˵ȥ˾˼ƴͷ΢΢һЦʲô£
ֻܲܵھѽ
˵ʮ̹Ȼ˾˼ɫɷףҧ㣬㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
Ŷɫƽвң
ԣ˾˼ŭҾͣҾ͡
ôɫ
˾˼ڴҴܣƺѰʲôŲ裬˾˼ҲҪҵֽʣתͷʮҾ㣡
˵һ
ҵĽ͹ʻһۣʻȥӣᰴס˹ʻҡҡͷ
˿ڲ裬ƽҾһΣȥ𣿡
ң
˾˼ʮ㡣
һϣһ٣ҹص鷿ȥ
˾˼⻰ЦһҼҡ
ֻûͿ롣
ӣˡ
̧־˾˼ʮֱߣ٣㶼ң
ⲻбѡɫƽڵٷˡ
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׷ʲô
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ӡЩɻ󣺡Ӳ˵Ը岻𣿡
岻ã㵭ۣӲá
ӡ죺С֮
˾˼찵شһ磬ĳսбѺ鷿
˾˼ӽ鷿ʱоֶȫʹȻʲôûС
ֻ飡飡飡
оԼͷըˣڱĵϢһʼš
ιҾˣԵİ
ӦǰСľϲ
ӡٷ˵ˣһƪ׼Է
ģˣ˾˼ŭ
ľӡ
վſڣתͷͬӡֻɡ
ӡ죺
ԸԺ￾׼ơ
ӡЦˣ˵ã
˾˼鷿˯һ
ǱһζѵģζƵƮıǼ⣬ӡ
ˡ
滶Ц
ӹ졣
öĺö
Ųסˡ
֣ںҹ˵ƣóˡ
˵˸߲ңһ˵ʹ಻һ汳һЩޡ
ʵܴСʱзӶôڼı£øˡ
ܿ죬Ϳʼš
㣡㣡ҿţ
žƳ⣬˾˼еĺֻȹǸңһᱳˣ
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лҪ˵㣺ҵķ
˾˼ֵֻ㣬һ㶼


18 
˶Ƭ̣׷׿㡣һ£֣վߵ˷ǰº͵ɾǶˣ
һûԶ˵Ҷ˾˼ʵջŹ˾˼˵ȻĪЩˣ⼸ķŹ˾˼Ĳļ࣬㰵ԼԣְԼĿֽڱ˵ʹ֮ϵΪǲ̫޳ɵġסԼǵССĻ֣ͷɾɾʵʵѧܳԷɾûɣ
˾˼ˣ˵ǰһֹ̣֪ôȥֻӳԼʱ䡣ǳԱܵģƤҲڸǲͷۻʵһУϽ
˽˾˼˳˾˼Ժ￾õ۾ֱˣֱֱͳ˹ȥҪֹ˾˼ޱĿʼ飬һټı飬һϽȥԼƼ⣬Ȼ˾ȵһһ汳
ȱˣ˾˼˸ã˿ھƣڻ̧ۿ㣬Ϊôүɣݰɣ
㿴Ź˾˼ӣЦǰһûĺӣոСɼ͸Ͻ
һߵ˾˼ǰȥˡ
˾˼Ա󣬾ˣվҡҡӵˣү˯ˡ
ɾں˾˼˶ɾ֣;ú£Ȼһɣ
ãҪԣлл
˾˼ټ죬̧Ⱦԭأġ
仰˾˼Ĳӽ˿Уҡҡ豭Ĳ裬浹ӳŵº͵
˾˼һʹͷɥĻˡ
Ź˾˼ȥϴ˸裬Ȼǰ׼õ·˾˼ϣ˾˼ȴһɫȻ󱻱Դһдš㡱ĲŹǰ
Щڵĵط鷿Щйõķӵӣ˽˳ڣԹΪ
Ų裬ŹǰһߡŭԵĹ˾˼شһ¡
ò˵˾˼Ƥң治
˼Ҷ˵Ҷ忡÷ɾȻȴãֻƤ˾˼֮ˡ
üԶɽһ´ѵڲסüۼɫ
ЩƫŮģǷԳӢһ绨µĻ֮
㾲ͻȻ;ãʵõĵط룬˾˼ǻЩƢãúãǮŻ£ҲԿ
Ͼ֮ˡССܳǧⷬ˾˼ܴһ
˾˼þò˵û̧۵Ҫ˵ʲôͿ˵ɣˣ˯
Ŷջ˼ͬǰķĹĽˣΪ˸һ滮պÿʱ˯îʱһΪһλ¸صĴ壬רŽ徭һλרΪ⵱¾ƣһλӼңˡֱʳճĸԽ̵
Щ˾˼һ϶Ǵң
ûʱ䰲ţÿһᶨʱ𴲣ȻȥϿΣѧѧÿ磬ԼʱʱÿһʱСһ飬ɰʦµĹΡÿգһһͬȥ￴δ̣ÿϢʱ䣬ɰţû¥ķȵط
ֻ죿˾˼ЦŵӿǾʱ̫ϽҪĳһգ
˾˼æ֣հɣͦõġ
ͷЩʱɾҪơˣİһ飬ʵĲʵıһˡΪ˲Ӱɾľɾķһ²ãҲѾȫ׼ȥЩЩ̵·ģպɾʹ·ɡ
ðɡ˾˼ѿЦһ·촩Ҳá
û£΢ЦΪ׼ʮףһ컻һף֤һһģһġ
˾˼
ܺã㹻ݡ
ɾʲô˵𣿡㿴Ź˾˼ߺ޵ҡӡ˾˼ֱ̣ڵ㣬㵽״ʲô
ʲôʲô
ǲĥҳ
˾˼ŵ˵Բôһ취Ҷ顣
û˵תеȣþúŵɾ֪δһ裬ϵɾϡ
պɾɻڴ㸻ɾǣǡѣ֪ҶҵĹϵҼ޸ɾǲ֪ڿЦ
˵ţתͷ˾˼ϴ˿ЦɾҶãȻʲô˵ɾҶǵĳЦָ㣬ǱⲻˡվǸˣ÷ƯЩϣɾܱҶãзⲻЦһ졣
⻰˾˼Щ죬ŤҿԸܶƯ·ӡ
Щûá
˿ڲ裬ɾǮЩ꣬ܵĳЦ𣿡
˾˼㶣Ļϻһ˿ǳۡ
ʵҲ֪Ӧζ壬ûǺ۵ģԼѾľˡ
СʱҲˣǱȽϡЦˣҲϰˡõӵܣܱŬٱ˳ЦҪá
㾲ǰ̽̽ӣʵܴ˵ĻҲסɳΪܣеصֻԸѡ
ҲС
˾˼ЩΣôʵⴵæҶĲС㻻·ɣ·Ұӡ
ʱֱˣ֪ɣͻȻڣѾ²ٳľ˾˼ں͹ˣĸĸż飬ɾѵ仯𣿡
˾˼û˵ĻЩƣŵվǻϵģ㲻ΪԼǣҲΪǣΪҿһ¡պǱ裬ұ裬ֻܾΪν𣿡
˵Ļ˾˼Ҷסôһ졭
Ϊĸ滮е·𣿡
Ц˾˼û˵ﺬЦȴ·ǿ͸һ㣺⻰ԼοԼǱ˰οǲȥʵĶʵһ֪
˾˼һΣʧ
ô꣬ͷһûЦǰˮŮӵ֮ɾ飬ʵͶ·Ϊ֪ԡ֪Ҷ黨˶ŬҲ֪жϻۡ
Ҷģ㶼ԣֻȥ
ҲС
ԡԣ˾˼̧ۿǰĹûа˾ӡ
˾˼Щ˸ͻȻӮҶһ٣һھҾԭ㡣
ƺ֪ģ֪ĵط
ΪʲôһֱãһֱȻʼûгڰжʵһֱ˲ڣ֪һ£ΪһЦ
ĺˣȴЩƲסԼˣСƢ
ڣ֪
˾˼Щ㵣ͻȻ֣ǰƺҪ֡
ֱ㶵ģûаڣ㱻ֱӵĿ⿴Щ٣ûֱӿһ
ҹŻ㴵ķ˿ྻϡ
סһοڣ˾˼ΪңŬһΣô
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лҪ˵˾˼ΪųѼ


19 
⻰˵˾˼Ĭû
ʵ⻰Щġֻʱû뵽ЩڸһϣûʲôֻȰĻΣ˾˼Ҳֻţ˵ʵҲԣ˼ʧȥģܵø˼
ֻǡԽҶڹ˾˼˵Щ̫ˡ
СҶӰ³ġ
Сʱ岻ãһдںҩѧȻ죬ǿ΢ʱ䳤ЩͷۡʱݳǴ빫һ飬ÿճʱıûľһֶˡ
ǲΪʲôûģݳõ˽ӣϸķӣֻͷġ
Ҷ棬ÿÿ˳ҶվġǷʱҪͬ˵һ
ﲻҲʱ䣺Ҷô
ڳڱޣˣ۵òУæȰˣȲͱȲˣǼҲԷ߸˵ľˡ
ԼοӣЩȥ˹˾˼һֱ߲
ǲȥͬҶȵģҲȣﶼ˵ˣ˾ͺá
οţﶼôֺ¡ƽͷһ˿϶˵ܱҶãֲʧǱ˰죬ڵҡ԰ɡ
˵ţæ˯ɣȥ顣
˵ͷ˾˼뿪ˡӡ㣬ԸóүЩƣ
СôʲôӡЩ˴ߣ̫ЩҪڿɾҶٷˣĶģǼ˰Ƕ˸ӣ
˵ӡԴһ£ڴߣ̾˿ӡ죬ԺͱСˣٷ˰ɡ
ӡ죬˵̧ۿ˼֪Ϊұƽ˵õĵطʵ˾˼һַңɹ˼Ҳá˾˼ҲãǶûǲϸòⲻҶͣҡ֮ңҲ˺ġߵ죬˼˭ɵӣǹ˾˼棬ּ˭۸
ӡ쾲ţҡ׮£Ҳ¶ʹҵ̰ƣڹ˼ң˭˭һӣЩʱգ˼ҼúöԴ㣬ҲǺǣȻеǷӴĥ㡣Щ¶Ҷȷ£úùӡȻ˹˼ҵٷˣŹ˼ҵףŹ˼ҵ£ͲҪ̫˼
ӡ̾˿¶ЩҲǣɣѹϾҶӡȹүҪ̫ˡ
Խ˵ԽСţȴǲЦˡ
˵
ҶҶӵĺãүҲйүĺáҲ˵ұ㣬¶Ҷϣÿ𣿡
ᵶȥҶҶؼ¾һ飬ﻹίવĺ̸Щ
ӡ㶣Цŵү׶ʵƢҶӺ˲֪١ƹү֣ܲȥǲԺеļҶԲ֡ѽү󶼴ˣ룬˶೤ʱ䱳ġѧһ¶ûУҶӶûԡǲģҡӣģ±ҶӴˡ
Ҷˡ
öĹ˾˼ſڣ仰ԱľģһʱЩСӣ
˾˼̧֣һƣӴĿһۣƹᣬŮڴϣЦͣǴյҹ磬գͣ˫ۡ
һֱľ֣ľϻ鷿
˵ƣ飬飬ͻȻáһΣĵġǿģҪ㡣
Ǹù
룬ܸúһЩ
ڶѵʱѾîʱ
ѯԱߵӡûط
ӡӣ鷿˯ġ
𣿡
ûӡЦľһˣ˵вȥ
˵ͷ鷿
鷿˾˼˯ڴϣñͷ೤ȥ˯㼫ˡ
ľΪվһߵٷˣҽ˺üˣӶ
޷΢΢һЦˮ
һ峿˾˼֪ˣʲôඥ
ˮѵʱµģһ̧ۣӭ濴Цݡ
ɾ˯ú𣿡
˾˼ʶˣϹڴҡӵӣһ˿Уɫǧذת
ܱŵɪɪ˾˼һá
˵ţվԱ߽ӣ˰Ȼһɫдš㡱ĴӣԼͷϣ㣬һῼӮҶģ
΢΢죬æɾ뷨ٺòˣ
㣬˾˼濴ҿӮҶھʱǲǾͻǷѰҸҲѰҵҸˣ
⻰ǺЦתӵȻ
˾˼һļ磺ģʧȥĶҶ
˵ţ˾˼׳־߳˷š
ϴȻ÷ΪʦʱǶµģˣֻһȥϿΣһæԶ
󣬰ʱ䡣
ʱѧ֮󣬹˾˼ŴϢƬ̣Ͻ˽һ˾˼вˣһɾЩ绹пΣ֮ǰ㹦ΣȻԣǧˡ
˾˼Ѹٳ緹ʼΡȻӭʦ
һȥ˾˼깦λطʱѾȫ߲ˣȵɾټһ£һƪҪ
ˡ˾˼޳ˣ㣬ȥ˯ɣܲˣˡ
˾˼һ㣡ŭһ˾˼˲һ飬վֱӡ
ܱ𣿡Ŀ־ӿͷ˾˼ͷܣ
˾˼Ǳ˯ŵġ
ˡһ죬˾˼ͷϣŹ˾˼˯ӣһӡëܳҹ΢΢
ȡһ
ЦһΣӰҲ̫Щ
º͵ɾˡ
㡭˾˼ԺſڣԲ𡭡
΢΢һ㶣ǰһˣһ˲֮䣬ı
ͻȻã޽˼ң޸ˣҲһ¡˾˼ȻܣɶԱҶһá
ġ
Ҷʶô꣬ҶԣҲһҽġáѣ˰ɣ
Цù˾˼ˡ
Ӱѹ˾˼ˣ˻һԴ̧ͷʲô
ȥ˯ɡ
˾˼űõĵط˵ûء
ˡվļ٣ȥ˯ɡ
⻰˾˼ʱۣ˵ģҿû͵
Цһۣۣ̲סִһĶͷϢ
ιǴҵԴɵ͵ھˣ
ûкǰߣ˾˼㶣ԥƬ̺һ˯鷿ɡ
ţüܿ˼һǻֿģ뾡ܵĲռıˡ̾˿ɾͷһ¾ҷ־ӣϹȥ
˾˼˵üͷ룬Ҵ̡
㣺
˵ϴһ
аɡ
㵭Ͽɴˣô˯ô˯
ϣ˾˼߸˴˸̣һҸ˯ڵʱҲ֪ôͻȻ֡
Ҳûڡ
ڹ˾˼ǰѾȫڡ
Աߣץһͷ͵س˾˼ݺ˹ȥ
ͷڹ˾˼ϣ˾˼һͦʬ
һɵϣӡ
˾˼˯ˣСϵͷ
̾˿컨塣
Ů˵飬Ȼ粻δӣ֪жѹˡ
ʱգ˾˼ÿظŶ顢顢ıûججÿźŲˣ͹ҪŬɾһҪӮҶ
ӮҶ
ӮҶ
ӮҶ
仰ÿջ죬˾˼ͿʼʱʱעҶĳɼ
û˼죬ԷŰѧӶȥ˾˼ûμӿԣȴȲμӿԵĻҪţľȥϢֻҲ֪ڽŸʲô
ʱ֣ľڻ˾˼ľϻԶ͵ſӭӣľŹŴ˾˼ôҶô
⡭Ԫ
ľϴŴ˾˼ɫһףľףظһ飺һԪ
⻰ʮ˯ÿշеһжһ̱˾˼Ҳ֧Ųסһ˹ȥ
ܱӿӣô˹ӣ
˾˼ججʹ
ôˣ
Ҫˡ
һ
ԵһδҶܿԵһԵһһһԶһ
ƴԼСҲ׷ϰ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
лҪ˵˾˼Ҷпǡ
Ҷʲô


20 
˾˼һΣۡ
͹ʻϽ˹, Ź˾˼һȦ, ۵òС
Ѱ, ŵ㰡, ²ɲ֮⺢ӴСҲûԹʲô࣬һۣ¶İ
̾˿֪˾˼ûԹ࣬ȴҲû뵽ġȥͷôһˣ˵ξ, Ҳʵͷ˵, ֪ˡ
ò, Ҳ˵ʲô۲ɫ, ȴҲ֪ݵġڴϵĹ˾˼, ۵ò, 㰡, ʵⱲ·Ҫ, ҲһҪ顣˼ʺϣҲˡ
ʺʲôأ⻰̧, Žᡣ
ᱻʵҭҭ
ٴظžãɾʺʲôأ
Ĭˣ̽ŵɾոǿ, ͵С
вУ⻰̵ǼҾ;˼һӣսգи̡
ţ̾˿УһֱǸŮˣôɾ¶ϣͿأ
ϰ·߲ˣֻܴģǾ̻٣вģȻ飬ȻҪõ·ߣݳļĻ̼ûм˵ļӵܣɾûֵܣպȥֻܿıֵȥЩݶڶԶݣλɾ˼ʱǻ˼𣿡
⻰ýĬˣӣɾֻһλˣλվЩ׸ɾ˾ҪӶɾߣҲް취ôʸˣΪɾδ롣ţ֮ҪԿ࣬Ϊʱ̫ǣһҪĶǾȵģóԵĿ಻ԣδͻӱ˵ǲ
⻰ú̾˿ͷ˵ǡ
ң˿ڲ裬ɾʵܴЩʱҹɾ֮ţˡϣպ󣬲Ҫ˵ɾʲôʲôСУ״ԪɣҲûʲô֡
ᾲ㣬ͷϱһʱļðˡ
޷³һ˵ǣҺʻˡúչ
˵ţļ͵Ǹúӣ˼Ȣ㣬Һܷġ
΢΢һ
ôֻϲ
ϾֻʮˣţЩƮȻ
ֻϲԣ˽ȥſڣͻȻȾ˼ЩˣźҲʱ䣬Ҵȥӿ
㶡
˼ҵĲҵ̫󣬹үһ˹ܲһֲҵɽһֹš¶˼ҾǺţȻӹŲҵ̸ͬġɶڹ˼˵
֪ȥӿǴĵһ
ᡭҪҲһ𣿣
ͻͻ
ɫӦǣȻ󹧾˽ᡣ
ѹļۻڼ˾˼ţۣŴƺڷ
ߵ˾˼ߣߣҡӵɾɾúЩˣ
˾˼Ӧһ̾˿ްˣǲҪˣ
Ϣɡ
Цŵ˵˵ˡ
Ŷ˾˼ɫĮȻҲ˵
˵˵ɡ
ͷڹ˾˼ߣ˾˼ĻЦˣЦſƤôôˡ
ȥӿ
ѹＤϵЦȴڶڲס˾˼оĿģתͷͿʲô
Ҳ⡣Ϊ˾˼ףֲһ䡣˾˼ˡһôô𣿡
˵ţͻȻǰҵݣ׹룬ȥƾǲϡ㲻Ҷ鵱ԺǼҵܻܲķϣƾţԺҵ٣˼ҵĲҵȫȨˡ
⻰ۣ˵˵
˼δġ㱻𾪵ӣ˾˼ͻȻλãͷϣЦŵôɵˣ
û˵˼£Щ˵ҳô
˾˼㶣ͷһƼӣȻЦ
㱻ЦûͷûԣЩЦʲô
㣬˵Ҳн찡
ԭδ֪ģҲֻһˡ
̲סȥ˾˼˾˼æ˽ȥкŵѽۣҰɹ̣ˡ
㱻ЦһЦһ˾˼һʵ̲סˣץסֵ˺ˣˣˡ
֣
׺ݿ
ɲˡ
˵ţ˾˼֣㡰ߡһȥͬϢһ£Ҹʱһš
ķ»ţҲ˻ŵʱ䡣
˾˼Ӧһھǰֳ̧ͷº͵Ҳˡ
жͷε㶯˶٣˾˼ŹǷİɣôҶܹܣС̣ܵ
⻰ŷӦ˾˼˵¡
˶٣úӦһš
˾˼ôЩ˯һþȵڶ㿴ͷȥҸӣŹ˾˼š
ؼ·ϣһֱڸ˾˼ԸҼң˵ͱֵöҺþˡ
˾˼ͷİɣұ֤
һ¡ü˾˼̧ۿ˼ŵ뽫¶Сĺӹ̵ĸ£㡭
˵ţ˶٣ˡ
룬ôӵ¶˾˼Ҳ˵ġ
˾˼һۣȴѾҪʲôƲƲ죬Ťͷȥûж໰
˾˼ţյҴţ㿴վſڣ¶ͬܿܿһվ˺档
ôˣһվλãһƼ֪ĸЩʱչòۿ΢죬΢΢ͷ͸о˾˼ס֣Ŀ֮£һذôˣﲻʣ
㣺
ҲҪôαĹذ
ܷ˹˾˼ӣǿЦЦĸϲˡ
˵ţŹ˾˼ǰȥ
˾˼һ˵˾˼ſ񣬱͵ôĿ¹˾˼˭˾˼Ȼôӣ࣬æкŹ˾˼ȥ
ǹ˾˼һ˻ϲϲҴš
˾˼һŸһٷһֱвˣ꺮ů˸ͨ͸˾˼ȴȻԱЩ̲סЦ¶вмù˾˼̫ûأȴֲòȥۡ񿴼ãͷ˿˵ۡ
һٷ꣬˾˼ȥȾơ
ǶԹ˾˼̫ͣ˾˼Ա֣ӡ󼫺á㱻طͬ˵ŽЩӵ¶˼һһܿܿϣͬ㸸׳㸸׿ͷۣ㵽ڿˡ
ҵҲʲô߲ҲˡֻǴҿ̧ңұࡣ
㣬㣬ĵǹ˴ӣ㡭
ͦõġ⻰Цˣ˼˱紫ԺöˣҺܺá
ڼңЩ˼ָָãҲǰģô
˵ͷСİɣҡ
Ǿͺá˿˵ͷŮܵõɷ谮һӱûʲôõĵˡ
Ц
˵òȴѾ޷ͬҲ֪һӣҪת̫ˣҲֻЦ˵˵һ⣬ͬ͸׸ҲˣᣬҲΪδһ¡룬˵ĻҲûеûкӣһܿܿĺӣẮģСĺв꣬ҽͬ£
ᡭǲðɣ
Щǣ̾˿ܲ˵֮԰Ǿ鵭ڣ»᲻ϲ
Ĭţû˵룺ģ˼أ׾㲻ˣҲ˵ʲô
˵һĻȵʱ˵Ż¶źӣЦŵٵҲ˰ɣ
ᵽӣ¶ʱ˼ֵЦŵأˡ
˵𣿡
ᣬˡ
¶˵ţٵٶи
ߴ˵һѣҲû³˾˼ۡЦ¶ƹ˾˼ͷԲס⺢̫Цûס
ˣ
㵭˹˾˼һ˾˼Ц⣬ˡ
ôһϸڣķ¶ɫЩѿæͬƽϣ˼Ƣ
˴棬¶ǿЦŵʲôüƽϡ
ϥѾӣ㿴ʮĽţ޳ȥˣĸܸиչˣף˵ǰɣ
˵ţͿ¶źӵ̲ס˽Ļ˵ͷǳϣֱӵ˵ǣĸϥǸиӡ
ɣֱӵ¶ٶͽ˸ɡ
ү
¶г⡭⡭ٶСתü죬æңеģ
⻰˵˼ˣ˾˼󿪿ڣļжͲеģֲʲôͷӻǽ·
¶⻰׹˾˼ڰû۽磬¶ҧԼЩ껹ǶЩڽ
͸Ūֻǰ޸ͷңĸһӷ
Ȼ˵Щֻ̫Ǳźӣʼ޿
ڹ˾˼ǰ֣ʱ˽ȥͬ˵˾˼һƣ͹˾˼ȥ
ȵϣЩ֣Ҹôô˵
ԭ룬Ҫٹ£Ҫһġ˾˼ֳͷڴϣЦÿҡ
⻰תͷȥ㿴Ӻ½ڣɫЦ¹ɵƤϣһ㵭Ĺ⻪
ЦɢԴôһ˲㱡
㲻˵֣Уʲô㶣ѽ
ʲô
عЩڣŤͷȥȸԼŷ硣˾˼˵·ΪԺͬ˵¶ˡ
ţ
ͷ˵ʲôˣ
˵ѽ˼Ҵ˼ҵӣиӣûҲҪ̣һˣҵİ
ұСͺöණģϧҲûܵܡѶҵĺӣѹ಻˰
㶣˾˼üȻҪ
˵᲻ᡭŵֱ̫Щ
˵ѽ˾˼һͷǴЦ¶̫ࡣΪΪʲôôû
üԥŵΪ¶ȥ棿
˾˼̾˿ÿɵӵһ㣬ֱӵҪȫΪռҵǧС㣬ĶȢôŮˣôľ˸磿԰¶Ҳڲռҵǰ¡Ҫ֣ô¶𣿡
Ź˾˼Ļ˼ҡҲҪô𣿡
Ҳˣ˾˼Ц˾̰ƣͺȨŮʲôҪŹ˼ңȻãҪ󣬻װ׸ֻҪӹ̵£Ҿ͸Ͷǹ˼Ͷ͵ء
û˵ˣ˾˼ҡӣһûзӦô˵
˾˼ûɾˣƷζ̧ۿǰɵˣ㡭ͦ
ĥϣ˾˼ͨ͸̫ˡ
ü򵥣ÿ¶룬ƿ˹غͱЩûʵĻÿζֱҪ
ˣ˾˼ֵֻǶֺһ˼·ϵƷ޴֡
˾˼ĿޣüִڴϣЩз
˻˶׵˾˼ȥȣֺõ̫ˣٸ˵˵¶˵ô
衣˾˼ôֺãʱƮϽ裬ͰͿ˾˼˿ڲ裬ǳݵ̲סЦˡ
㣬Цŵҷͦ찡
ǣ̵ɴ߱Ҫ
˾˼Цϡ
¸ߣͿʼ̸ۣ⣬͸˵Լļ⡣
¶ܿܿһ·˵ʶ߸ˡ
Щʱգ÷Ӹ˵¾ƣҲ˵ףԼˣʲô˵̲סãΣ
֣˾˼һ˿⣬Цҳӣط
ȻһҪʲô˾˼ȴһգϣ˵Ҫ˯ˣҪҡ
ҡٶ˵ˡ
Ȼ⻰ȴǿ
һҹδߣڴշת࣬ȵڶѹͶ˹˾˼ĵ̱ϣʼҡ˾˼˾˼
˾˼̧סԼĶ䣬ૣ˵øҷżҺۣƣ
ٻشһ⣬Ҿ͸˯
˾˼Ŷ䣬װʲôæΪʲô˵ᷴ
ţ˾˼Ժۣ˵ˣ
ԣ϶˵ˡ
˾˼룬˰죬ڵϹ˵İɡ
㣺
ɫ˾˼֪Լ˯ˣʹҾǸо̫ˡ˵бȨʲôʵãԼȥʣҪôģѱȨ㿴̣ÿζг͢ҿ̣Ҿúüζǿ׷һټģͲ˵Ϊʲô
Ҿ밡˵ûһֿܣܴӮ½߹룬ԼҲ֪ʵۻԾѾʼĥıˣֻʱûװԣȻó¹ɧű߾ִͨһ̷Լ
ô֪һټ𣿡棬˾˼̾˿ǰڶĳöˣǸҸǱߵҲϹµģ档
û˵ˣ˾˼ֱ̧ͷþú̧ۿ㻹ûҪʵģû˯ˡ
˯ɡ
̧־Ͱͷͷ
˾˼ͷһմͷ̱۾
ͷۡ
ĥŹ˾˼ĻЩʱ˽⣬ù˾˼˵һЩģ˵Ϲ£ȴãܱ鱨׼öࡣ
Ͼ鱨Ǽٵģĳ˵ĻȴûٵıҪ
һʹӡٷˣ˽ȥ
æӦϴȥ˴ãѾЦŵԹ緹Ҵȥ￴
ͷӦͬһԹһ¹˾˼ͬҵ֮İţȾ˼ϰ˶飬˼ĹΣҲʱʱţŲʱ䵽
ŷԸ
ù緹ȥӣὫܸˣϸϸӵ
ÿӵѡַӯķʽɹԴ
ޱ˵ˣȥ֮󣬽ȡһ˱ְֽ㿴ˣͬպõһ˵ʱҽе˲һɡ
΢΢һ㶣֪ǽĿ飬ûƴǣȻȴӦ
˼˾˼ûڼңѯ˺󣬲֪˾˼ǳȥˡ
Ź˾˼ѾûȥѣҲûٹܣԼϴ֮ߣ˱̲סͷſ˯ˡ
˾˼һ죬˸߲һؼҵʱ򣬾Ϳ㵹ߣֱǸ˱Ա̣˾˼㶣ǰҡҡ㣺㣬ˣȥ˯
Ժۣƺˡ
˾˼̾˿̫±˳ѵĸˡɴСᱧ
иᣬ򴲱ߣԺۣƼ˾˼ݣС
û
˾˼һ뷨࣬Ӧһߴٵ˵Ͻ˯ɡ
Ӧһٴαۣ̫ˣû
˾˼ŵϣ˱ӣȥϴϴʱ̲סľϵٷ˽ʲôˣôôۣ
˴ٷȥϤˣľµ˾˼ʣǰϢ˵˰ѽ˵¶ٷˡ
˾˼㶣֪ÿæʱ򣬲ɵõô¶ͽ
ǰ
ľϸ˾˼űҶ˵ˣٷˣ֮󣬼¶˵ٷ˵ء
ڲ˵𣿡
˾˼˸ۡ
룬ǵһ߼ලҶ飬һ߹ˣǺࣿ
Ȼġ
֮ÿ죬ÿñȼ磬˯ñȹ
ûȥܹ˾˼˾˼Ҳû鷳ԹԶ飬ӡ㿴Ź˾˼˵˾˼ҲŬȻżСҲԼûʲô¶
ͷҲûٶܣ˵ףܹ˾˼һӣͷ߲ߵȥÿ˾˼Լ
һʼ˱ȽͿÿˣÿ϶ԲԣȻҪȥ̵㣬ÿһȥһ죬ʱǴϡʱŪֻ꣬ܰҹ˾˼˯ڵϣĵƻһֱš
ûôŬˣɡ˼Ĺ
ǹӰ۾ů⣬ôġĽֻʱȻ
鶼Ϥġ
ЩϤˣȥ̸⣬ȴ˼ΣԸȥ̸
һλԶˣ붨һϣǡĳұҲԲƥΪҪԴ¾ȥ̸ãľϺӡţͶõİ
Էǣ˵ݾְżžɹΪݽ붬׼
ţӦѾͣ򲻻ᱻ¶˰ᣬһλʮҵʱ㻹㶡
ԷӢűеĽʵȥһӢ֮
㣬ҲЩ죬õѹͬԼܹӣ㣬˽ϰĶϱҽӹܣ˲һ̸
ٷͱίΣзǷ֮ܣԷ˵ά㣬̹
˵̸Ƣº̸ͣż۸˶ʵ⣬Ҳһļϡ
۸ͷʽȶ˫ǩԼһҲ˻ȥʱ䣬ɫòٷ˻ȥɡ
ˡЦЦҴ˼ҶܹԱͺá
ǵ˵ͷ¥ûϴһЦӴļСӰģôһӰ߳ģ
һлȫͰˣѰعͷȥͿһˡ
˿ȥҲͶʮӣȴһ֮ƺǺȸˣվվȣ˫ͨ졣
ŴһͷĿⴥ˲䣬˾ͽˡڴ֮ǰû˵ģһ㶼İ
١
϶Ǹ˾˼ȣȻ󻳺ɱ˹˾˼٣
һϣ̷ӦתҪߡ
Ȼȴԭأ֪˭ΪֱԾɵԣλֻǢ̸⣬֮г֪Ի
Ŷ~ζڣǼﳤóЩѽ
ѡЩҧüأ˶мζɫƣСѵܹӣǹٻӵܣ˳ͻ壬ӱ鷳
һȫȻٻӵܡĸַ㲻ɵÿһۣƺҲǹٻ³򴽣ͬǵܹӣ߰ɣϾݡ
⻰ǳƬ̣ڲתͷȥ
ʱȴ߰СӣźλӣҲͬһ£
ӣľǰǰǷǹ˼ҵٷˣӷЩ
˵ǹ˼Ҿǹ˼ҡЦһ²ðİɣ
˵ţٱǰȥСˣϸŵǱһζ
ȥ°ͣȭͷֱ˱ӣѾ˵ˣ㻹Ҫװ裬Ǵľǹ˼ҵ㲻ԼҲˣʱ򶫶һӲȥ֪ڼӰ𣡡
㣡̧ӾҪȥһץסӣӣȻΪټӵܣ㵱ɼʣջҪִװ˼Ϊˣ
û˵ǣƺں
úһͻȻ̧ͷ¶ͷ۵ıѽˣ˶Ʋˣ˰ȥɡ
ˣȭͷ
˿ͬǵǸܹӣǣ鷳ˡ
޷ǰֵ˰࣬ղٷˣĳҲԹۡ
ݼҴƴû취ػ鷳ǸϽ뿪Ϊáϵ¶һȫȨףľͺˡ
˼Ǹ⣬Ц޷ҲΡ
¶ǣǿ˿ɫٷˣһ·ȥɡ
ɫܾ̾˵ͷ
Ǽ˹˸˼ţһҪͬ㱨¡
Щ£ίܡ֪ȥû¶⣬Ҫȥ̸ģⳡܲŮ˺Ů̸˺̸ǻܣ˽µ̸ŮһңСѾߣҲܻ˵л֪ô£ΪʲôͻȻв٣֮᲻ʲô⡭
ͷӡ˼ȥٽ˼ңͻȻϤĴ
ϤٵĺšݡɵøϽƿ˳ͼ˾˼һ£ɴϴ
㶣æг˾˼
˾˼ȫȻֻͣǵȥ
Ƭ̣㿴˼ҼҶں׷ţæһʲôȥ
󡭡˵۸ٷˣҶŴӼ˵Ҫȥȣ
һ⻰ɫɷס
ЦЦԭλǹ˴ӣٷҲģӴž˵˵ȥһҲͰˡ
ǡ
㻺æϽѴȥ
˵ţ˿ͬǵܹӣҼҷ鱩ңҵȥллһ·ͣټ
ԥƬ̣˵ͷٷ˱ء
ӦͬϽȥ׷ӡ
׷ϣٵȾ͵ˡ


21 
˾˼÷ɿ죬ҶҸ, ˡ
˾˼һ·񱼵֮ǰ̸ľ¥, һץкС, ŭĶ
С߶ָ¥һķ, ˾˼ȥһ߿˰ţŭٺڣ
ٺȾƺȵԺˣ̧ͷ˾˼¸ǵӴ, ˵˭أ
˵, ž, ҡҡλ˾˼ǰԭǹ˴ӡ
´˹˾˼һ, Ц˴Ӳһ򰮳ͷ, ؾ, ô, ٴչȥ, ЦŵТ
˵꣬ڴһƬ, ˾˼ץٵӣֱӾ͸ˤ˳ȥ
ٴ¥һ·ȥ¥˶, Ϳ˾˼ץӾ͵ǸҺǾͿݳ˭ᣡٸӺһ
˾˼ˣ
ˣŭҵŹģ
˾˼Ҿ˾˻Źأҹ˼ǰʰ쾭Ҫ˵ʲô
˵æô˼ˣ
鷳Ǹҹ˼ٷˣϱ˵û鷳
Ŷ˵¶ֺõЦ˼ᡣҺȸˣ֪
û˵꣬˾˼һƳϣ֪ˣ
ٵ˹ЩԥԱһڣҲŭˣ˾˼ɲܹҲ֪ļҴ˼ҵŮôͷ¶滹һһ˵˵ЦЦģû뵽ôҪ
ҿȥİɡ
˾˼ֱӵȫŮ˻ͷڹƵľͼӻúã䣬ӳãֵõ˵ģӽɾ͸ˣ´˱·Զ㣡
˾˼ЦˣɱˣᣬȻԺޡ
˾˼Цھޣ
˵꣬˾˼һȭͳ˹ȥȭͷֺֿ죬ŵˣϽˣˣ
Աһӵϣ˾˼ȺɣŲҹգһץס٣ֱѹ¥һžͲȥֻһٶʱгʹᵱ˾˼ץͷʺǰųŭһ˭һԣ
˭ˣٿŰ˸ҶһǰһϵʱͿôһƬǽӡ
˾˼ͷмձϣϴеĺһ˶ʮˣȴ޾ɫٵЦŵ˵ޣûƭɣ
ٿû˵۵û˼ˡ
˾˼̧ۿˣɫͬ˵ҹ˼ңˣŮ˸ˣҹ˼ҵŮ˾ҪΪʲôʲôԺ˭ں˵˵Ҳ֪ˣ֪ˣ˭˵Ҿʹ˭Ĺȣ
˵ţ˾˼ץץٵͷ֮ǰĻû
ˡæӣҴˣԺٷˣҶ˱ɡ
𣿡
ˡٿŵݳǣү󡣡
˾˼ˣ˦٣ߵϽǰȥٲ鿴˾˼֣¥ע⵽㣬΢΢һ㶣ʲôȥ𣿡
ɫӼˣ˿ںŵ٣ֿ˿ǰһν꣬ã̾˿վεذɡ
Ѿˣֻˡ
˾˼վǴٵȡ
ǸΣٰοԼֻһΣҲ̫ǿˡ
ȥ·ûٳһյƣ;ǰ档
˾˼棬Ը֪ѣҶ˵ʲô˰·ڵҾûˡ
û˵˾˼ˣҺǴû¶ģһݽڶʹһȣҾ˾ڣ¡
⻰̾˿ڶס˲ӣתͷ˾˼ƣˮתʢʱܸøԼ·
̣Ҳֻҡҡͷתȥǰߡ
ҹ紵Щˣ˾˼ǰϣ˵ƣУ֪˼Ҳ۸˰۸ͷˣ۸ǹ˼ͷˣһͷ𣿡
˾˼˵ֱ׳ߵļҶǰܴŵģ϶ʶװŲʶ鷳¶ġԵ޹¶ҾͲţ϶ʲô˵ҼҲ˰֮ġˣˣǼĵˣҲŹǣֻǿ赽ĸ̶ȶѡھ̽ҪǽԺͻһһ䱾شţܰء
û˵ë˲
Ź˾˼Ļ
ٲԵ޹鷳ġĹӸϲŭɫ˾˼˵ûȻ֪ʲô
Ź˾˼·оͻȻʹ˸˾˼ע⵽üͷ䰡
㶣˵ˣԷȴͻȻסļͷÿӸסıӵڻ
ǰˣ˾˼ϴֺõЦһŵƣһǰߣ˵ǲǲˣ
㴹û˵;е죬ĽŲǰҺĲѰͨǮʱһͲˡռˣǵֵܣ
Цã˳Ļͷллˡ
԰Ҳˡοŵ㿴¶ܻ취Ҹ·Ǿͼһ鷢Ǿͻа취̫ࡣ
˵ţ˼֣أȻ˻飬˵ָԺֵ𣬵㵱ҷһգҾͻúû㣬ģҲ¶˭۸㡭
ʹĹȡЦŽӹ˾˼ͷΪ޳ɣǡ
˾˼ͷ˽һӰӣƤ봹ס۾ɫС֮ǰ㲻ͦҼ޸㣬㲻鷳𣿡
ôš
˾˼⻰ˡһֲǸ֪ôġĺã֪ġҶ飬ҽϽδ¶˵ҲΪھˣ˾˼ЦЦƳһҺõģ֪
˰ɣҺãҲ㻵վΪҵĹʧ޵ҼҾ֣Ҳǹҵֲͷϡù㣬һû㣬㲻ڼ޸ңҸġ
û˵ţͻȻЩ
˾˼̫
ƶǷǣֱУ˭˭÷
Ĺôδй
ͷһ˸͸ôֿܵе棬޼ɵơӳá
ӣڵ
˾˼
ţ
á
ǲϻ𡣡˾˼бһۣͬ˵µһáģ޸ң棬׬ˡ
㣺
ܿ䡣
ˣĿ䲻á
ѾϷߣֱҪ¡ּȱһֱҡ
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лҪ˵˼һ˧ӵ
˾˼ǧңԶòˡ
㣺װƾ͹鷿



22 
һ˹˼ңս, żӭ
, Щ, һ۹˾˼, ѹż˵ҵĴӽ۸ˣ
ӦһҲ֪ģͻȻʶҵ˵Щ
ţ̾˿Ů߶ǳ, ȥȥ˵˵, ܸҪ
ҲˡЩ, , ҹ˼˵˵ˡ
, ʱЩ, ŵǾ˼ˣ
ˡ˾˼Ͽ, , ˵ȣʹȡ
㣡
⻰һƢĽᶼ̲ס, ˾˼ȴҲˣҸǸ͵ҵҲˡҲ£ҾǴ, ҲҪ˵֪ҹ˼ҵ˲ǵģ
㰡㣬Ź˾˼˵ЩΣԼӵƢһ֪ģһ¶мҶŻˣЩôҲΪǽʱգֻܵ˼ҲóЩˣ¶Ҫͷٽ鷳ҲҪαװɲʶ˼ңֱͬ˺ƤǴҵԭҲûˡ
˾˼ЦʲôûǴҵ߲ǹ˼Ȩƣһ仰˵ǹ˼ʧƣС˵УǰƤˣ˾˼ǰͬ˾˵һӣ˽ڶʹλãԾ󻼡
֣߳ȣŹ˾˼Щƣˣ룬̾˿ˣͬ㸸һ£ͬ㸸ȥҵǸȥ
˵ţԸӹصȥ˼Ỻӣ浱ĥһĥˡ
ǰҪȥ˾˼˾˼һ˦ӣֱӵˣԸȥ
˵ţ˾˼Լȥ˷áţҲ֪ø˭һ㣬ͬɡ
㵣ǿһ۹˾˼ŽȥС
ݣϣ̧ͷЩƣ
ᵹ˲裬СȰοҲͷˣһξ˼ǳ嶯ЩҲȫ޵̫һԲԵÿˡ
Ҳס
ֱ߽˲裬ЩΣǷ˼Ҿûʲôסֻǽա
ԥƬ̣ڻǵЩ²ͬЩС˵ͽǣǾ˼ֵܻҪͬ˵һ£иסʥϡǶ˽ġ
⻰΢΢һŵϢҲȷУҶڹšֳڳȻӸλͬϵʥ˼ǱСĽٲ©ʲôѱȥֳۡ
ǡ˼յ顭
ұǱס
̾˿
˼ʵ˵òԹܽҵݲɾ˼ףڶʹһְְλͬڶʹְӹϵУҪ뿪ĴӪĶȥһط͵ڰڶʹȨȫˣ˭ֿϸɣֲ˾Թ˲Ͼڳң
ôһ˵뷨Ѿξȥ
ʵأǰΪӲĸ󻼣ǽƷұȻѾ֪Ϣ͵Ŵӹ˾˼֣Ѱ˾˽ְɡ˾˼ľ˾˵ˣˣֱݽڶʹɱ´ң˼ҸɵйȻ۲Ķ󡭡
㰵ȭͷỹŶͷҲ̫ţڶûʲôˣӦô֪Ϣ
ţæǲõĵط룬뵱ҾǸ˼ס
̧ͷ㣬㼱е˾ǹ˼ҵĿɽζõġǲܰѰѱ͸͵ȥףֻǴȣǱȻһ˼Ƶ˼ϣ˵˿Ѿ̧˸Ǹˡ˸Ǹ˼֮ˣ
⻰ɫһס
ϲá̵ھ͵ô˼ȥǸҪǸҪúݣ˶ţƫġ
һ⻰۵òСȻһ۾ú۵˵öԣ˼ʹȥ
Ӧæȥ˷ã˾˼ڷǰżȣƼӣ̲סЦˣ˭ļȣ
ľϰ˾˼ڣԱ̴ӣŲ˲죬ֻ˵ҷãֲҪҡҲݶˣֺܶ֡
ţ򴽣Ź˾˼ſӣһ뵽Ҫ˵¶֪ΪʲôȻЩѹ
˾˼´һֱۣӵ¶˵ɣµġ
㿴Ա̴һ̴ӸϽˣֻʣˣߵ˾˼ǰҪȥҵǸˡ
ô죿˾˼Щ졣
ѾҹˣǸҲȥǡ
Цһ£͵˵ˣҲ֪ܲöˣ¶Ǹס
˵꣬ҲԼ˵̫ˣ˾˼ǲ׵ģٽһ£˾˼Ҳڵġ
㶣˾˼һ˫͸ʵȥ·ҾܣһǾ¶ѽͬĸȥǸŴһֻȣ¶͵ȥҲ׷ˡ
˵ţ˾˼̾˿ЦЦȴǴ˿ࣺ˼Ҫзˡ
û˵ЩѹǰˣоƺͻȻˡֻ˵ʵһֱ˼ֻǹȥǸͷԼȴòԼȥЩӲԸġ
Ҳ֪ôģϣܹϽһЩһжȻչ¶ôֳ죬;ãƺԶһδ꣬˻ϲ
˾˼ӣЦˣʲô飿Ҫȵ˶ѹѹʲô
˾˼̾˿ȴǵģȥˣҸ㱳
Ķֵõ㰡˾˼վͬһȥһɵЦţǹ˼һûû䵽Ҫٷ˱˰ɣ
ˣüʲô¶ˣ
û˵ڹ˾˼ߣǵĦһ֪˾˼ƺ΢΢
վµġ
һ̣ʶ
˾˼޵ĸһչʶҪɳȥԷʱվôһ˿
ֻ˵Ҳ
Ȼȴĸоݲڳϣ鲻Խģס֡
˾˼ͷ㾲
Ŀᡣ
£һεһ̰ӵ˵㣬һ㲻ᶪġ
˾˼û˵
֪ΪʲôƬ̣֣ûٶ
ǿЦ
а˵ллˣҵٷˡ


23 
˾˼Ѿ׼վſڡ
˾˼, һ, Ҳ˵, ֱӵϽ߰ɡ
˵, ǰһ˾˼˺һ˾˼ƲƲ죬ƼˣСʲô˼
϶׼һ˾˼ѹͬһ˳ֹ, Ƽ, ָܹء
̲סЦ, , һãҲ𣿡
ⲻ, ˾˼Ц, ⡣
㣺
ÿÿ, 
, ͬľơԭֻǺӼңǺԺһƬ죬˾˼Ƕĳ¥һ, ʱּûʲôǳɻſʼ񲹡Ϊ˾˼ϵͳѧţ˵ͷͷǵЩ, ⣬̸ö࣬Щͬ⡣
·ֳʮݣΪʵȨݱǿʢ˵ЩүƲЩ֮أˣһ⡣
˾˼Ż̾ϢŵҾϣ̫̫ƽƽģһܼӽӸ
ҾñĹүҲ˵ϣţŵʶһĹӣ̸ݸݵȷʮصģ˵¶ֻҪ¼ɣݡЩʣҲսؼ˵ˣݹȻһ⣬Ҳ˭ҶģϾȻʿ¡
Ǯ˾˼ЦŽӹŻ֪Һ˵Ļ˰ɣ˻֮
Թ˾˼ŵЩΣ˾˼һ룬ȴĹӣʲôģ
˵ҪһЩƥ
͹ˣ˾˼Ļףеʲǳ͢ģҪ˽µɹ𣿡
˵䣬зŵµ̫ǿˣΪнʿһ͸ǡ
ôõˣ˾˼ѿڶ²ǳ͢˿˹ӷҪǮԸ͵ɣ
⵹ǣЦЦʹλӣ˵Ϊڱ߾֮أɧţΪ˱̷ȵ۸Щ߾˰Ȩڲܼ͢ʱŵʡͬǽڶʹݽڶʹɱȻϽڶʹȨˡ
жľӣоôȨٲȻһСϹ͢ٽٵĻȣݵĽڶʹȻȨλҪߵöࡣ
ǣ˾˼Ȼ뵽ϱ߾Ҳ
Ҳˡӿڡ
⻰һ˵˶һۡ
˾˼ĬƬ̣´Ҫ̸ͬʲôȥ
˵ͷﲻŨЩ
ݣЩطӵжĲȨ;Ȩʿǲֻ֪֪ˡ
ÿ˽һ㣬ľ͸֪ƺ붯ֿ˼֡
˼̲סڵȻȥѰʵĵطҵתƳȥһЩҵȫݡ
˾˼̧ۿ㣬ɫ򶨣ɫضزס˲ĺ£ϣԸֵƵģִ̧ϡס˲䣬˾˼ʲôԣֱĲѰƺʲôͬһʱ벻ףĥƬ̾ãͷȽС
㲻ݣǼСɣ˵⣬ϵʱָмѣҪĳ嶯ſڿοСͲزиӸߵĶأͺúóԣúúȣú˯ɶ˾Уǧġ˲Ķˣϵر죬ǧòƴ̣ʱƣͷϡ裬ֵ̫ˡ
ҪһЩ˾˼ôһ˵̲סЦˣסԼЦˣôûʱ򣿡
Һ˾˼󷽷һţһҺڰοòã
˾˼ȥ㣬ţͻȻһ٣ǰȥ˾˼æס洫ˡ
˶һۣæһǣ㿴ǰ潭ͣˣǰһˣΪһˣĿ࣬һ糺ɫۣԵЩײ࣬żҶҶ̧ŸܣϼŵģǱȰõ١
عͷСȪ
˾˼Ͻչ˽쿴档
û뵽ڰ·٣һٵļƣĨ˰亹ʱûȪȻĴϾʹˣǸհٵȸþˡ
żȪˣȥأ
Ȫ⻰΢΢һ㶣ƺҲûϵϽϹ˷ˣĳҲҪϹ˸ҹ˴û뵽ˡ
˵ţȽ˵ȿڵСھ¥ӷͻĳ֪źǸϣ˸˲С˹СѾȵķϣĹСɡ
Ȫ˵ţһϹϷСⲻˣСƺ֪ŮǹٷˣĽύ֮⣬û뵽˵˴ӣСĲǣҪҪǶˣ˸̧֣ʹ˰ɡ
Ȫһǽؾ˵һ˾˼ʴȵ¡
˾˼ҧھͳȥ
ץסӣȥСȰŵô嶯Žǳȥ˵
ȪĻ̾˿ˣ˵ڼ¶Ҳǲ̾ʹźţҪǸ˼ֻ̼˼ңҶ嶯ŹҶϱò˵Щһʱ֣ҹ˼ҽ̵޷ڼҲѵ˾˼ƵҶϱ㣬ĸ˵䣬ʲô˶ӿ޼θڣҪˣһ£ϾҶסˣҲû¶ôصأ˵ǰɣ
⻰˵ȪɫʱЩѿ˶ʱȥ˽š˾˼һۣСһǧ
ģЩ֣˾˼æȥ˵òɫ¶վסˣ
㣺
̲סݺš˹˾˼һѣ˾˼۵õ׺ݵĸˣ

Ȫܿ췴ӦæˣҶٷȸ߻˽ύ֮⣬ҵʱû뵽ǹ˼ٷˣ֪ҶҲǵİҶѾˣ˷˷Ҷһ·ɣ
˵ţȪʱҪ£æùܼȥȪȪȴִҪһһ֪ڷѾ˶ۣζ˵ˣϷֻһӵһˡŹҶ
ʲôһýЩˣȪǽڶʹ¶³ʲôչˣǾǹ˼ҾȻһڶʹڶȶϵ¶ģ֮֮£Ǵǳ͢棬ҵ棡
һΣʱˣæŹ˾˼Сȥȥ
˾˼΢΢һ㶣̷Ӧ˼ȪóҪóæӣֱֱ˳ȥ⧲䣬͵س嵽ȪǰһסȪˣҹ˼һ·ɣ
⻰˶ˣ㼱ˡ
ȥʾǿӲɣæȺм䣬ס˾˼˼ˣϴɡ
˵ţŻææȪٵǸˣԲסҷ嶯ɶƢǧ֡
һ˵һȥŤ˾˼֣Ǹ
ˣȻ˾˼ȴûз֣ȪճִӣҵĹʧԸǸȻڴ֮ǰȴϣӵǸ
˴ӡȪ΢΢ƺ˵ģ˴˰ɣ
˾˼ƽץȪֺȣûаԱ߶Χⳡ־ˣ˾˼ڵҷ˵¥̸⣬Ӳ֪ΪΣȳڣֻ뿪ȴϷŹҪ㣬ҼҼԼ̸ͬѴȣűסӲ衣
ѣ
ڵϣŭȵҲٷ˼䣬ʿľͳɳ裿
ǲѣʱڳ֮һȦ𣿡
˾˼תͷȥ٣侲ҷ˳ȥļͣù˵ģǸۻϳţ˵㲻֪ҹ˸ٷˣţ㲻ʶҶʶҹ˸ٷˣֻǸͨŮӣҲ裬ѵǽڶʹ֮ӣΪΪѵ䣬ȨƱҪǸǹ˸ٷˣͿԵϷ裿
ⷬ˵ڳսͷӶȪʹ˸ɫٷŭʲô˵˾ڶ飬˼ݱ׸ҸײطһԱѵ㲻ɣ
ǣҾ˾˵鲻٣ɹйг٣ҹ˼Ҳ̼֮ңѵԽԽ˳͢ȥˣ˽ڶʹ˹֮˵󳼣ҹ˼¹ǾǱҹ˼ҳǧָ֮ˡ
ҽնִӣ²٣ΪգԽ˽̣ҵĲǣ˼ԸһдáҲӵɷӡҼ裬һŲʣʲôɷʲôӣ
˼
Ź˾˼δһԼĶӣ˵ⷬ
֪˾˼ԴȴδӾȻĵ
˾˼ſȪһŽ˸Ϊӣȴ˴£ĸ׵ǣǶӵĲǣǾ˼һ
˵ţ˾˼תͷȪپһΪȸ˼ӣʹ̣Ǿ˼
˴ӡ
Ȫ˵ʲô˾˼ȴûᣬתͷ򶫶ϹΪ̼֮Խ֮񣬶ӣȻΪ޻ңȴҲѴ̣Ϊ˼
˾˼Ϲ꣬վȪɫƽ˼ֻףдҪϣҪվ˼дҴӵȣһ೥ڴ֮ǰӣĴϲϣ
ЩˣȪȪһʱҲ֪δô̫ͬӦԣԹ˾˼˺ȥˣһӲ֪ôźá
˴߹ˣȻʵͷ࣬ǲ֪δá
ûõȪĻظֻӲͷƤһŮ˵仰Ҳֻˡ
˵꣬˾˼Ա߼Ҷг˵ʣͳԼ˹ȥ
ʶȥȻȺһָֻ죬һѽס˹˾˼֡
̧ͷȥȴһӢ꣬㶣ܹӣ
˴ӸҵƷи߽࣬ĳѡǽ˾˼ĵȡЦſˣĳΪдȣ˴ԣΪͦҲпԭ˴ӻҪѺͻǶȣ߾ЩѰˡ
˵ţЦȡƤޣתͷȪˣΪȻʮޣðɣ
˭ȪüͷЩͻȻðꡣ
ЦЦܸǣˡ
һֻҪֶرƺţǱȻǷͬ
ֳܸȪ㶣˾˼ȴǲ̫ʲôֻ֪ȻʲôСɫǳĬԡ
ȻСЩӲ֪ȴġ
ܸݾһԱ뷶ͬΪǰ̫صұְۣܸоսٳδһܣһɱ֮ΪݽڶʹǶίáֵ˵ݽڶʹΪȴǷܶ˹ͬܡ
ǾܸʵĶӣ
ȪһʱЩȣȻӦ죬̵ܹӣˣҶˣҲûù˴ҲҪһĥĵˡȪڰ֣ȴǵˡ
˵ţȪ̾Ϣ˼ҲϼƽȮ֮£ĳʤмȻʹհɡ
أ̾Ϣ֮£Һźá
˺һȪҪߣȻҪ뿪˾˼վס
˿ȥ֪˾˼Ƣˣæȥ䣬ȴ˾˼סְ֣ٵ㻹ûǸ
̫֣
ܲˣŭ˾˼㲻Ҫ̫
Ҳˡ
˾˼ȡӣߵǰ͵һ˦ӡ
ŵȴӱ˾˼˦󣬡žһ£Ƥ
ۣҲסˣ˾˼٣ȴǵ˵ˣ£ҪǸӣ֪񣿡
ٱˣԱ˱㿴˾˼һޣı̫ݣ棬Ѫ٣һظӣ֪񣿡
ٲ˵˾˼һһӳ鵽ϡ
ɫҰףվŶЩҡҡ׹亹Ŵ
ӣ֪񣿡
ӣ֪񣿡
ӡ
ˣ̲סȻǰȥס˾˼֣ۿˣ˼˰
ῴǰƺȻĹ˾˼
֪˾˼˼Ϊ֪ۡ
˾˼ΪһҪٰʮӣδ˵˼Ҳװסٵģʮ޻ˣΪʲô٣ˡ
˾˼һ˼ס
Ϊĸףǻ˾˼񣬾ϣ˾˼ܹһֱ߸ǣ˾˼ɳ͸䣬ķʽѪȥԿʱ޿ƣеΪ˸ĸûܻԼĺӣĹʧ
Ź˾˼֣޵˻ߣ˼ˡ
˾˼תͷŽᣬ԰׵Цƺ޷ģҶˣǸӺˣ˿Ц
ԣлֻץƴҡͷ
Ȼ˾˼־̧һֻס͵һޣԼϣȻʮޣ٣Ǹ
ʮޣ٣˵
ʮ߱ޡ
ʮˡ

ʮ
˾˼ʱѾûҡҡ׹٣ӣҵĶʮޣҳˡ˵ţЦĵǸϸҹ˼𣿡
ٲ˵־忴Ź˾˼
˾˼Ѫ죬մȾѪ⣬űӣǰһ
ҲƲסŹ˾˼ӣͷҵǸҴˣٷ˶ԲҴˣ
⻰˾˼סӣתͷ㣬Цݡ
Ǹˡ
仰˵úᣬЦֿ峺㾲ţ˵ʲôܣӣͷ׸ݡ
һ̵Ĺ˾˼һ⣬ѹѹ˴צֻһˣʵִִֹ䣬ۿ졣
̲סЦˣֻЦҲ֪Ϊʲô;Щģ
ɵӡ
ڡ
ôУһҪָǷǣָ˵һ˵ܰίҪָǸɵӡ
˾˼Цˣ˵ʲôȻڿڵʱǰһƬģֱֱǰȥ
㼱ǰһѽڻ
Ա˶ˣæ콫
Ҳ̵˶ãԱиҽݣȥõܡ

ܱ߱ң˾˼͵㻳Сڣ
ޣȴЩЦûˣɳ̫ˡ
˾˼ţ۾
ǰţͽŽ˾˼Ū˹˸ദ˿ڵľ飬ȴʱһ㽫˾˼ͽȥˡ
ʻʱҲ˻˸У˾˼˽ǰһ˵ʻŭȪ̫ȥ
ڣæŹʻС˵
˵ţŹʻڼ䡣
ͬһã˼ϵڹ˾˼ϣЩ㶣ǼⳡƬ̣οٷ˲ģֵʢ꣬ǿúţӦ޴󰭡
ǿڣæǿЦҲܹӿЦˡ
̾˿̫Ǽŵġֻĳڶ΢ᣬΪӶ˵ʲô
嵨տϳ˵⼸䣬˼Ǹмˡæڣмûдӣ˷ҼɾһҪһֻȲǡ
ʮӿɲȶɣѿڶϱʮ޴ĳҲû
û˵꣬Ǳ⻰ЩףҿոǿӦ¡
лӼԡЦЦܹ״εţȴΣʵǲ˼Ҽɾãؽú빫ӣԱл⡣
ЩС¡ǰڰ֣ܿõġҲҹĳ㲻߶ˡ
˵ţ㺮һ뿪˹˸
ǣ˷䡣˾˼˿Ѿˣſڴϣ˯Ժ
ͷȫǺԱšӣĶͷ˾˼ۣԺұۣ˯ˣǼһвУ
áᣬӣֿʼ֡
˾˼ۣһֵֻ°£ſתͷôͻȻƢôãǲǽ챻סˣоر˧رˣ
⻰Ź˾˼Щı飬̲סЦˣֻܵ˾˼ſھʹԼıͬ˭ѧİ
д𣿡˾˼һֱⶼǴʵ˴˵ٻ
㱻֣͵Цˡ
˾˼ſڴϣЦһתͷһֻצӡ
˾˼һֻȥʲôצצӵģ֡
ͷϸϸָ˾˼Щˣ۾оֺ
Ա˿ˣϢȥ˻ڻǵԺˡ
ţ
˾˼ۣû̧ͷСʵǸǸЩ¶Ҳ⡣ԺѧԲһЩôֱ㶵ġ
ײֱʷȪ޴롣˲ôãϵͷֵӣԺҪԿġ
˾˼û˵һ֪ˣԺҲ鷳
Ҳǡ
𣿡
˾˼ͻȻʣЩ죬̧ͷŹ˾˼ЩãȻ˾˼ϣͷٱŵǸûһЩˣ
û˵˾˼ŵǰѰСʱҲƢ񣬱۸ƨŲҴ۸һˣЩ˸Ǹ˵ÿˡ
˵ţ˾˼ִļ֪ǰίû¶Ȼҵˣһ㡣
ɵĻֲЩޣ˾˼תͷΪ˵ģ͡㡭ֿʲôѽ
˾˼ŵøϽڣô᲻ҪǮ˵޾Ϳޣ
ˣžžવ˾˼ϽԺôçײˣһӣ취ˣòãɷңһ׮ϲ¶ôɥҪ룬һֻȣҽҴʮޣô˵ûҲܸҾ鷳ʮ޻һȣ׬˰
Ź˾˼ĻЦã˾˼ֹһ°ͣˣүЦһ
̲סЦˣ˾˼ͷͶˣ˵ڣʲôίأһֱôް޵ģҾɷĺʧܣܲѧ̨ǣ
˵ġСڣҺãˡ
㻹ʲôÿ޵ģ˾˼ЩãȻӣҾۡ
⻰˾˼㶡
ѰĲ˵ģһ̣ھͬЩֵôЩͬЩ֪룬ͷҵŶû£ǰܵģƤûϵģϢ죬ֻҪȥĳϾվˣ
ţáűӵͷ˾˼Щˣ㡭㣬һ㡣ҲҶãҪ밡ûңͼ޸ҶˡҶҺð˾˼˵ţ̾˿ҶﵱٵĶ࣬Ȼûʲô٣ǲվӲᵳôңǶܺúõġǼҰҲ˾ˣҲ˾ˣ޹ٲһЩҲ̫ˡ
˵ţ˾˼ͣ룬ԥƬ̧̣ۿ㣬Щ㣬˵˵Ժ˼ߵʲôʱǧɵ
űʲôҪҸ飬ǧԼҶ㲻ãţ
⻰ˣ˾˼תͷǰƽȻûһ㣬Ҳ㱾޹Ǵĵϣһӣܹúõġ
һӣƽƽȣúõġ
лҪ˵
С糡
īףźֵܵǣ
˾˼߰ɣֵܰһ㣬һ㡣
㣺
īףù˾˼ǣ
㣺Ҵûˡ
īףȻ
㣺
˾˼ʲô


24 
˾˼˵Ļ㶣һʱȻ֪˵Щʲô
͹˼˴, ׹˼˵¶˼·Ƿǰ, Ź˾˼˵, ԼǾ, Ȼȴܸ֪˾˼Ϊ㣬Ϊá
˾˼һ˫۾˫۾ܿͿĨʵֱֱ档˵ĻҲʵ, ֻҪǮ, Լס, ӻһĹ㹻ĵǮ, 㹻Ȩ, ܹøá
, һչ˼ĳ׵, θıһ·ʵڵϢ˵, ̫磬ǱյˡȻһΣ֪, һҲ档
ˣǲĻ飬ǻ˼
֪
ǸĿ޺, Ѫ˾˼һһĻ̿ڣϲ˼ңԼǸˣĵա
ʹ
ԼҪߵġ
ȻͷЩԼ˾˼˵ϽϹ˵ģһյģҵˣġ
ҾǱŵˣ˾˼¶亦µı飬ȴ˼棺ûôŵʱﺦأҴϹ롣
֪̾˿˯ɡ
˵ţӣȥ׼һ£Ϩ˵ƣ˾˼ϡ
ɵ˾˼ϣںҹϱӣ۾
ʵģҲмֵġͻȻڣ˾˼Щɻ󣬡ţһ󣬾㣬水˵ģһ췴ˣ˾ϵýᷢʲô
˾˼û˵Ź˾˼ںڰſϣƺš
Ҳ֪˾˼ãڵ֪Ϣ̫ˣУǴġ
֪ģûᷢʲôأ
ôҰ˾˼̾˿Ҳ֪ǰҾǺȾƶǮУܹЩ
ǣֱӵҾ;öԡ
˾˼΢΢һ㶣ôһ䣬Щ˼ڴĿ⣬ڵúúã˵˵˵ǧİ
˵˵
ɣҪҾ˾˺ͻûݹϵˡʵҾ˾ˣҪģһƴٰѼĺһȥĸӣĸӵĽýףѱ䣬Ϲۣô˭Ӯվ˭
˾˴ȥй
Ȼ
˾˼˴ʶҾ˾֪Ҫ
⻰˶һۣ㿴Ź˾˼𾪵ı飬æ̧ҪıοֻٵͷˣϷһתȥͷϣͷοûû£㶼Ϲ룬ġ
ʲôͷأ
˾˼˸ۡ
Цû֣Цеë˳ָкܺð
˾˼⻰죬ͷһαסŤͷȥСôô֣˵ͷ𣿡
ҷ
һ˾˼̵Ҳ
㷴С
˾˼ĻӦ˰죬Żͷ˵ôݵģ
Ŷƽڿʼ˽һü
ˡ˾˼һˡ
ô˵
Ҫ㣬㲻ݣͭһһܸ˺֡
㱻˾˼Цڱ￩Цţ˾ôһûһ˵Żʱ¶ʱƵһЩֵ¶ϡ
˾˼ḻö࣬˵ûûģ˵ͷķĴС¥罭ܣʱ֮۲ŵӣù˾˼ЦϾá
һûһ˵Ժ˯ˡ˯ҹʱ֣˾˼ԺۿһۣƼͷϣֻèƵģ
Ҳ֪ô̧ߣͷ˯ˡ
ڶѹ˾˼ˣŹǷ㽫⼸Ҿڷѧɡ
ר¾Ƶ˾˼Ļ˹˾˼˼
Ͽƾƾһο󣬶볯͢ҲˣѾ󣬹˼ǵȲ˾˼ˡҪģǽҪĶѧ˳ҹĻȻЦŴ˲˾˼ȴѾ˶ۡ
ӦȥҪȥҽ͹ʻ
˾˼סعͷſڴϣĻԲ֮⣬ЦЦػһĨɫ
СӣģĪҪˡ
ͻȻôһ˵ḡḡ˵ׯزׯصĻļҹİϣڿŵЦ
ݷ˺Сһڡ˵ת˳ȥˡ
˾˼㣬ſڴϣŴЦ
߳ȣŻЩˣҶģ˵ʱ򣬹ؾվ棬ľ仰Խ˹ءһμ˾˼˵ˣΡ
Ҫǹ˾˼ƢˣһźƤҡ
ŮﶼҲ˵˾˼ʵǿǸݰҲǽ⡢еۡ
ڽݳǶҷϵġ
㻺˻侲ȥ˴á
͹ʻѾˣ˵ʲô
ȥ󣬸񣬹ʻӦˣڵ˼ôˣ
ɾ˵ٹ죬´ˡֻǹԪҪһӡ
䲡ͺáţЩܣοŴҺԼһͬ㹫ȥ˯Űɣ
ɾ󣬱ȥˡ
ʵʵ˵͹ʻ΢΢һ㶣ȷӦͷŵãѧ㣬ҲǺ¶ɡ
ʻͷȴ̾˿
ܴ飬ʻЦˣ˲ˡ
ǰᴹв豭еЩ㱵ΨԸһӲ󣬿Ķһӳĺӣ
˵ţЦԸϽҲǺ¡ܲһ˲ģϾǵɷˡ
¶ҲģЦɾСȫչţ˼ţ˼·ݣϱ¶
ԷƱˣ˵ЩЦȫŰȥңȪվǼң̬ҲԵòϡȻС¶ܵɱǻˡ
ţæǫӦݳޡ
˵һ󣬳㣬һȥп˾˼
˾˼ϿΣվǰ˾˼ѯ⡣
ƺǽ͢ϵĹԱְλһһϸڡЩʱҲ˾˼һ⡣
ſŹ˾˼ΣȵʱŴʻһվſڣЩΣƺ˿˶̴æͬ񣬱Ҵˡ
˽ݺ󣬹˾˼ںȲ裬Ըľϵ֪û࣬㰴˵ģʮݵطԱƽԸȫҴһ飬ҡ˵ţŷſվˡ̧ۿȥ
㡣ϽΪȻ˾˼Īʲôˣʲô㿴ңұϵҲãϽʲôʲôǼҶ군ˣͷӿȥõ¶
ɾ㿴Źʻɫæ˹ȥСסɣ


25 
˾˼Īһʻ, ʻһ, ˤ, ͽһ˾˼, ʣɺЩˣ
˵꣬ȹ˾˼˵ʻ͵öˣغõöˡ
ˣ˾˼ͷл˵Ĩǵġ
ӡ
ү, ˵ú˵𣿡, ʻס˶, , ɴһ仰˵, ŤͷŴ, ˾˼ˡ
ʻ˾˼, ˾˼Ц, Ťͷȥһߴ⡣
Ͳ˭˭ӡ
, ЩЦȴҪһ˼Щ, Һ㸸Ҳࡣ¶ҹ㸸úӦͬһϾҲ˻飬ǺˣҲܷ¶ҪѧЩ
˾˼⻰͵Ӧһš
˿ڲ裬ŵҺ㸸ˣȪ¶ǳ˾ġʱȷ˭Ǳ£ҲˣΣ˼һݣ¶ЩաȪǽڶʹ̼Ҳٶ
š˾˼Ӧĸܵ
ģʻͻȻ
ûס͡Ц˳ʻЦЩΣҲЩΣæͷװʲôû
һŵݲҵ̫ȫҲʵȥµĵطҲҪиӦҺ㸸׾ţǻȥ̽̽·ʮһЩʱǾǱ߿꣬Ȼ𽥽תȥݵĲҵׯ԰Ҳ¶ǲ˷֣ȻȪЩʲôǲԤϡ
ŽĻǣ֪ʱܶȥأ
һ£ꡣüѾȥѰҸϢûиϢ׼ɼ㲻ϾҲرӰȺúùӰɡ
û˵Ħţǻʵ۾ĳΪ»·ѾأıЩʱ¡ξӲӲǣҲҸ˼ͨ籨šôһ̽ʱ䣬˼ûӳݵԭ
˼οڣúڵţȥݰɡ
Щ⣺Ϊ˾
ذңͿ棬һҪھ̣̼Ҳ㡣Ҫ°ȣܺúҪͨǹȥŲ̫鷳λӱ߾뱱Ƶо̣Ҳ维ϸǹȥ̻
͹ʻͷʻӦȷҲˣֻǡλڱ߾սƵǲǲ̫ȣ
صģǲȥǰߵĳǳأƽ͵רŲȻսǴǿʢЩǱɧţгٽ֮δһսݳ֮ȷս֮ȴʮְȡ
ңǵģʵǾ˾ǳ֮¡ϱţǾ˾˳£Ǿܣ¡
ԣʻæȴ̧֣ͬԼˣ˵˿ڣţ˶
㶼˵ͷʲô˾˼ſڴϿڣʻŭӱ죡
˾˼Ц°ͣͬ˵
£»СҪжݱǿ׳˰⹱֮ȨһʹˣҵģҲıҸ֮أݣȣȫġ
ǣţ˵ǿ׳˰⹱ȨĵطʮгȴݣѡΪݣ
ǵ㣬ƽǴ˷Ҫ뿪ݣɴģȪߡҪʲʱƹȥݽͨΪ
⡭Щ벻ףǸݣô
غʱ򣬹˾˼ͻȻ͹ʻȻ
Ǿˣ
֮أôǴˮˡˮ˱½ˣض࣬ɱСʱ졣
ȻǸݣǿԴˮ·뺣Ȼغݣ֮󣬾ͲصȪˣת½·Ͱȫöࡣ
½·ÿһݶҪݽһģȻ˵Ļ˱ͣļͷ֮⣬ûйٸڣͷҪ£ʵҲڹܣٸǾͿ֪˼ҾټҰǨݡ
̫ϻˡ
̲סпʱգؽһΪ
⻰㶣δһŮӣһֻ룬вУҪź͹
Сʻ̵ⷨӿСмѣЩʱǾ취ضˣȻ󽫷ɢһƽϹŶֻˮ·ͳȥǱ߿꣬һ׼£Ǿֱ뿪ݣ
ΪΡֱ뿪ݣŵңʵ֮ǰұһΣﲻ˹˼鷳˼ҡ
û˵꣬̾˿ţߣͻǾЩߵġҲ˰ű߱ȽϺá
㣬ݣôס
ĻĽŵˮ·½·ֻҪ뿪֮⣬Ҫݹٸ·ܳǳء·Ҫдʲô
˼ݴ󻧣ÿ˰ռ˴룬ٸýƽУү͵ݣүУҺ;˼͵ݣ޾ټҳеǾټһ·Ҫȥݣ·ûȵˣѰһɸ㣬һϣҲûа취ǲ·߳һĸǶȥ
㶣δݣͷһ·飬㲻ɵõô죿
ǵȰһٵ뺡ʻڣ˼ŵ˽ͨˣȸŪĸ뺣ȥٸ·Ȼ´ȥݣֻͣͷһ¾ˡͷ϶ĵطܵòϸӦ¡
Ҫã
㽹ʻ룺һ£¡
мǳˡ
㣬סֻ֣һΣΪ̫оǺõģΪ˻̻̲գòʧˡ
˵öԣʻ˵ţȥ죬Щ
үסʻʻͷЦ·ĪżС
֪ˡʻЦЩεҶ˻ġ
ʻ˵꣬ڰֱ˳ȥ
ȹʻȥ󣬽̧ۿΣ
ӵû꣬㹧ٹտɸһ
ˡ˵ͷӣˡ
ģȴЦˣŽЩҸ˻
˿㿴׾ͺá
һ˹˾˼úϢ뿪Ƚˣͷƹ˾˼ô
ͷӻĺܡ˾˼ͣҺ¶ˡ
˾˼ЦãˣôƵġ
ôҵôƵģ˾˼̧ס䣺˲ˣҪ˯ˡ
˯ҼȰܺ֡
ѽˡ˾˼ɴñסͷ
û취̾˿ֻ߳ȥ˽˱˹Ȼ˹˾˼ϣ˾˼˯㿪ʼˡ
ֳ񣬿ʮӵ˱ѾҪ̶ҲŹ˾˼ͷĬĬˡ
˾˼ҳ˯ȥߣҶڷɳɳ죬һһ£ɵһ̧ۣͿ˾˼˯
ԾЦˣ˹Ҳ̫Щɿſŵƣֲʶ˱һ˺˯š
˯գúҡҡͷЦŵͷȥù˾˼Ǹӡ
˾˼һ˯磬ۣʶ˲ǣƼЦˣ˾˼ŷҲڣЩεЦʲôſ˯Ҳһ
ˣô
ðɣ˾˼˸Ƿڴһֽţվϣֱ۵Щʲôó
˾˼ſھͿʼˣϣӲίԼ
ţԸȥֽţְҪ˱μǸ
˾˼Щ˾飬ͶһЩȥĹº͵ͼμǸȤû·μǣͬʱ͵͵㡣
һֱڿˣ˾˼ˣҲͲ㣬ʼŪ̡˾˼̴žžણʱʱ͵һۣˣЦͷʲô
˵˾˼飬Щɻһֱ˱𣿡
㶣Ƭ̺Цһֱμǣ𣿡
Ƿɡ
ϲ
ŬһԼýӲļ羱һЩ̣ҡҡϲӵĸоӶ˶ԲԣҾ;ÿġ
Ұ뿴ϵǡͬ˵ϴҳȥƹһϰ壬Ҹ˻ˡ
ʲôø˵ģ˾˼Щ֣룺ţԼĳƺɣ
ģٷǹ˼Ҹģֻϰ壬ԼŬȻŬмֱ˵İɹףʼȥġ
㱾Ϊ˾˼ףȴ˾˼˵ͷϿɵ˵öԣңҲϣһ˼ܽһ˴
ǺãͷҪԺѹ˼Ҹң׬Ǯÿ¸̶һǮȥô
ã˾˼ͷʱ壬˺¾д¡֮򡯼֣֤룬ʱҶȥ
˵˵㲻˵дҵ̵ֲŶԣ
⻰ù˾˼Цúúãдĵ̵֣ʱһﺣںòãϰ壿
˳ˣԹ͸Ե¶
ˣ˾˼顣
ȼһһڿˣʱ˾˼Ҳ࣬´ߡ
ʻÿæ洦ҵ˼ҵ¶дһɸΪ񲯡Ĺ£й˼ҴŰ裬˾˼Ա޶ʮ࿴ͣ׷׳޳֮ġϷȻָգݳڵȴ֪˵ʲôûãȪ˵ץϷˡ
ϢʱʻкȲ裬²豭ϾڣϷͲˣȥɡ
˾˼ԺȦ˾˼СˣȪҪù
̧ͷһۣú·
ţͿܼҴͬʻͽṧүˣܹ˴Ϣ˵¶ĳЩ鷳֪үǷʶĳˣܲȥæ
ܹӣʻЩãȻλܹӣ
˵ܹӡ
֣͹˾˼һۣ֪æҪ
֮ǰİæǱݣæҪ
ֻ¶ĳֵط˼һҲûʲô
ʻͽΪţ˾˼ȥ¶ĳ죡ȥܹӣ
ˣ
һη˹˾˼Ǯá
ȥʲôȥȥ㻹ص𣿡ʻ˳룬ȴֳӣûʲôȥ¶ĳˡֻܰ˰ֵȥȥȥõǮҶˡ
⻰˾˼˸߲ľȥݹȣȫǰһ̻Ҫ·Ĳģ
˶Щ𣬹ʻ̲סȥ
Щɣȥĳ
ȻܿͷӦ¥ȥˣȥĳʲô
ЦЦɾҵһȣȥȡ
ˣ˾˼һ⻰æȥ£ҷģҾǮ
ʻȫϣ
˾˼
˾˼ʾܲģǴȥˡ
˾˼߽ȥں棬ûȥ˴˹С
ǻûϣ˾֪ƢֱӾͿʼעˣ
˾˼Ҫش͵ذһƣվڹ˾˼ҲСҲ򣬽չ˹Ӳġ
ȫĬˣҿ㣬¥ķһǽˣǵĿùᵽ¥꣬оͰ˹˾˼ĺѳѰĲ
Ѱʿˮʶأ
һѯһƬԵر˾˼ߵǰ̧ͷͷһѣֱӵĵˣ˵ţ˾˼һǵĳ࣬һúӢʮͷ𣿡
ŶĲ̽ӿڣͰʱǰڱ϶ǰ˵ֵǷǮϻȥԺˡ
¶ķĺԺרһЩù¶
˾˼üӦһסԼĶִ̧һӷĲǰСС
˵ֱתźԺȥ粽ĲͳѰţĲпҡͷ£̫ˡ
Ѱͷͬûй￴ҡ
Ĳ̧¶Ҳóأ
Ȼ룬ĲƺҲȷֵһ¡
˵ţĲ˾˼ŵžષϣ󣡡
˾˼㵽˺Ժյſڣͱ׳סȥ·׳˾˼ЩΪѵү֪µĹأԺ
Ҷ˾˼ϵѻǽѣ¶̯ӣŹ
ԥƬ̣һĵӴүþòˣ
˾˼תͷ°ͣ͡
㶣˾˼ƴۣʲô㶣Ͱ
㷴Ӧˣæһӣ߸£ЦŵλǷ˰ɣ
ţ˾˼ǽƺ˸ˣ
үϢͨЦΪ˶
ԣ˾˼һ̧·ɡµĹأã
ԥƬ̣ڻǵͷǾүͬ
˾˼ӱӦһѻǰں棬ͷһֵطֺ£Ŀ͵͵ȥ˾˼ƼˣֱӵҪʹ󷽷͵͵ʲôơ
˵ţתͷͬѻŮû۽磬Ц
㣺
ѻæٷ˵һٷҲŮкܣʮֿˡǰЩʱվү¶ٷ˲ء
Ҳ𣿡˾˼ָŭԵӣЩˣΪԼ棬ţҪܹܵңǼ˵һҲɣŴ
˵ţһߵſڣ˾˼ŵ°ͣͬ͡
㱣΢Ц
ӵݸˣ˽˷㿴ѹѹվһˣڶǰͷϴ亹Աһ걻ѹŹڵϣӣƺʮŭ
˾˼ⳡҲû˵ԱߣͬšӲ֡
΢Цߵϣšӣ˾˼ߣ֡
˾˼ﰵϲѣôʹ˼ˣ㿴Ц˹˾˼ƽСš
⻰˾˼һ飬æֱӣ֣ȵˣˡ
˵ţתͷԱߵǵ֣óˣ¡
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
лҪ˵ʻճ
1.
2.ҵĹأ
3.ӱ죡


26 
⻰ǿһЦݣ˹, Ǹм, ﻹģ
˾˼ЦЦ, ֱӵֵ¶ҵ¶, ؿ
˵ţ˾˼תͷȥڶˡ
˿ȥʮͷͷСЩΣһֻúڲţűЩ䡣
˾˼ŶԷ, ȴǵȻǾϰ, ¶С˵, ˾˼ǰ̽̽, ƺͬԷʮϤһ, ϰ, Ƕڶĳ̫ˣ
, ϰЦ, ¶ֹŹ֣λСӣÿɲСĿ, үȷҪܣ
˾˼תͷǣǽСѸٵһͬĹ, 󣬾ʧҪ뿪ݣҪʶʶݷ飬Ը˶ĳȻ˴ʲôΪֻͨע˭롭
˾˼ʱɫЩ棬Сʲô
ǶĴСϰЦ͵ӿ֡
ӣۣЩĪӣǶһҹҲĲ϶Ǯɣ
ٲĿ
ֶӣ˾˼ɫ࣬źȣ͵ǣÿ֣ҪǮһֶڶʮľʮʮֶʮʮԴơÿһ¿һ˽
⻰˲׹ʶ͵СӶ˶پ֣
֡
ϰЦеǸˣͷǮ㲻ˣʮүԷҪܹӵ渶𣿡
ǲܵġ
ʮڰһʮ˰նûô࣡
˾˼źСȣŵϰ壬ЦˣͨģͲ¹ٸ𣿡
˴Ӳùٸѹңϰ嵭۵ʵ⣬Ǯ¶Ըķ䣬Ǹ浽ٸȥҲҵĵλСһʱղǮ¿⣬ѽϣȸǧµģһҲ޷
˶һۣʮǾûеģɾǧҲǿǰǵļҵͿˣҲû
ЩŭŭƭС
СǷծˣ
ϰ嵭̧ۣСΪΪС¶ǽ̵òãûǶķ·ĵؾǹأǮ߳¶ķţպѧǵô
˵ţϰֽ̧ɵ˦űߣҪôж֫ҪôǷծǮܵøĳһ˵
⻰նˡϰ˶˵ӣЩ£ͷһμƣֲɵ΢΢ŬԼƽһ㣬ȥҪ̫ˣﷴĬԼû££ǲ
ǵⲻ֪ôࡣ
ǱţȭͷȫʱҪ֡
ϰۣǵʶϣ㶢һУǧһ֮䣬һֻͻȻϣ˾˼ϣɢǮ¶ôʲôƣСųʲôˡ
˵ţ˾˼̧ۣ˼ֿϰϰ壬Ů˵СôŻ
û˵˶ƴΨǹ˾˼һˣƽǵɵģ£ǾʮֺƵģϸϸŪָ
ϰ嶢Ŀǲƣȴƶûһ·ȫûһ㡣һʱﶼ׽͸ǰˣɵʮڰûʲô˵г񣬶¶ûаѹ
㱻֣Ҳ֪Ϊʲô濪ˣŶԷػ˺þúϰͻȻЦˡ
ǹ˴ӵ˼ǣǮ

˾˼ֱӵԸķ䣬ǷǮͻô׷ϵġ
˹ӣǼˣæ¡
û¶˾˼ƿǣǰ̽̽ӣȴǵֻ¶ˣǮ֮ǰҲͬϰһѡ
ϰû˵˾˼ִϣǰ˵ϰ˼ţϰңٶһ
ϰ嶢Ź˾˼úȴЦˣ˴ʢΪѣܻЩͿ¶Ȼ˼ҼҲᣬĳãʮڰ˼ٶһ²ܡ
ϰ壬˲˵˾˼ֱӵֻҪģûлͷ·ĵǮĵþȫҵⷶСӵֵǧʮڱǧһҹ˾˼ֵ٣ͬĶپ֣
⻰ϰۡ
˾˼Ц֣ϰ壬һϣӮˣ֮󣬻޶ƥУӴǸɵйһٻ
ˡϰСǾҵͷ
һ˾˼ѵڰûջء
ϰ⻰ȴЦˣĳ鳤Ӽ꣬һĴ˱ȴӼĶ̫࣬ĳǸҶģֻٷˣϰ彫Ŀ䵽ϣȷҪӶ𣿡
΢΢̧ۿ˾˼˾˼һ۳ְûаֲ
ԼǷˣҲ֪Ϊʲô˾˼ôţ͹á
еġ
һʲôӡ
Ҫ϶С
Ƴ˲ģ


27 
һġЩ⣬ϰüͷٷ, ȷ
ȷ, һ, ˵Ҫ, Ȼķִ磬
⻰ԱߵǾҲĪһڵҲϡ
˾˼תͷǹˣĳҵ, ҲҪծϡ
⻰ù˾˼Ц, ˰ֵز, ŷִء
˵, ˾˼ϰ壺ϰ, ¶ĳǿ, ˵, ؾǹ, ҪҪǲģҸׯ, ҪͬɾĶĳġ
˾˼һ˵ò飬ϰţӦ
ĳĹؾǿҪ, Ǿ͵öȥþգԺ¶ĳͻˡ
Ա˶Щ飬ѻСϰ塭
ô˾˼Цϰݺĳô꣬һëͷСӲɣ
˵ϣٲӦսûˡ
ϰһվֵ̧롣
˵ţϰŹ˾˼һ˳ȥ˶ĳ˼˾˼ϰһ߳ʱ׷״ŷʲô
˾˼Ҫϰ
˰ɣǲƭ˵ĸݳǵ˻ģ
˾˼Ҫˡ
ĲͳѰڶţŹ˾˼֣˶ʱɫѰĲŹȥ㿴˾˼ʩʩȻĲȥż˼˵Ҫ
԰˾˼ڳѰżһᱻģ
޷˾˼˰ֵסƽʱأġ
㡭
үǩԼ
ѻһд˶ԼŽ˾˼˾˼ҴɨһۣһӣɷԼ֡
ֳۣ̲סƤһһ뷨ǡ鷨ʦ
¶˾˼ϰ忪֣ĳ˶˷ˣ˶Χ˹˾˼ǩ֣Ա˸˾˼ϰë˲֣ϰŹأսǶĳʲôǹ˴٣ĳĳԸù˴һɡ
޷˾˼ڰ֣ʲôУν
ϰ忴Ź˾˼ģɵЦˣӻǽЩá
⻰˾˼ЩΣýǾͽɡĴСΣ
ϰ̧̧֣Ա˾˼ͻȻͣһ¡
˵ţ˾˼վӱϣֵ̧˵ӵЦû⡣ȻԼλá
ϰ治ɫӶˣ²¶
ĵôˣ˾˼ЦȻҪЩȻ¶ĳ˽ɡ
˵ţ˾˼ָԱߵȥҡ
㶣ϰüͷ˾˼΢ЦŹ㣬δӴЩϰĵİɣ
ϰĬĳ֣ݣƺȷӸɾЩ
ûгҲûվ˶ϣ˾˼ϰϰ壬ȶأ߾Ϊֹм䲻ҪСӵһʹҪǸǳ䣬Ϲ˼ƲǶֵ󣬾ͿӮ٣Σ
˼
Ѱż˾˼ֹ̧סĻ
ϰɫֵֻ̧롣
㣬һɸѣȥЩС˾˼ʾҡֵ˦㣡ûȫһ˦һӶ
⻰һ˲ʲôŵǶûˣ˸ۣɸѣֺݵҡ
һҡӣϰͱۣ˾˼䶯˶תͷͬԱСԸҶ۹
󣬵˶עϰϣҧֱ뾾Ķ
һ㰡
ȫҵļҵ
ȫҾˣ˰
һֱҡͣŹ˾˼عͷӣ˭֪˾˼ͷǻͷˣȴ۹ϣһֱҡоϼòУ˾˼۹϶ˣ˿ڹϣ̲ס㻹ûҡ
ܲˣѡһ£ɸѡ
úۣƣ
˾˼۹ϵ½ӣ̧־ͽƶСϣϰ۾ֽ̧Ʒŵϡ

Ա˴ߴٳҿӡ
ӣŹ10С10Ǵ
塣
ʮһ㡣
ɫҰףɫҲ̫ãϰ˿Цĳʤˡ
˾˼ŹϣƺҲЩ죬ǿһЦݵϰһš
ڶ֣˾˼ɫ棬ƺ濪ʼˣࡣ
αȻҪɹˡ
Ƕš
ȵѺעǣϰ¶ЦݣĳӮˡ
˾˼¶˼ֵǣû뵽ϰĳǺڰ
ϰԹ˾˼Ľ䱸׷ȥһʱã˾˼Ǹݰһʱͷġ
ֶӮ쳣ɡ
˾˼ÿζܾ׼ѹǸϣѺССѺ
ϰӮһ·˳鶼࣬˱ͬ°ͣüĹ˾˼˴Ӳɣ浽˵߾֣ǰѹ˼ȫҲˡ
ⲽˣ˾˼̾˿ܵöȥҾһծԺϰ廹Ҫչ˰
ϰ峰ЦЦ̧㿪֡
Ȼ㲻ҿˡ
ֿˣһʮڣ˼Ҿˡ֪˾˼ʲôҩôһֱ䣬һֱ䣬䲻̫ˡ
̧ۿ˾˼˲Ȼڿ֮ǰ˾˼ȴָ̧˴ϣһơ
һɫ쳣侲һŷšֻǴҴһ˲ͱ˳ӣѯʵҡɸˣһ£ˡ
ϰһֱŹ˾˼һһϰ̲סüͷ
һٴξɸѣʱԱߵҲЩ̲סˣվҪ˵ȴ˾˼һѰס˾˼ȥߣĪţзӣһ뿪αװ֪ʲôԺ򶨣ҪڵӡҪҡ
˵ţ˾˼ֱʼɸӡϸţɸ̧ۣ֮ϰ壬Цϰ壬롣
ϰû˵Ź˾˼
Ծ
ĽУƾԼֱζ١
ӮڣЩƮȻһ̣͵طӦԾ
˾˼ǰЩʱ䣬·ŭȪͨտףȴȫ÷ʲôһɻΣĹӣôһݰ
ǲݰôΪôĶģ
ģһİաɸӣҡɫӵ˱ˣѾǵ֣ˡ
ȻûӮһΣ
ϰ͵رɫ
˾˼ĶļģӸ㲻һֱӮҲѣһζûӮǣѣ֪ôӮģ
ϰЩˡ
˾˼ȫʵӮΪʲô䣿ΪľסǰϯΪľƮƮȻȥ
ֱ߾֡
Ѿĵʮڰ߾Ǿȫڶ˼ең
ֹڵ֣ǲҪǵˣʧǶĵ߾֡ĵ߾֡
ϰͷð亹
š
˾˼䣬װģ
Ϊʲôڴ֮󱻾˼һȰʲôЭ飿
ΪʲôǻڱͻȻ򶨣˾˼ͬ˵ʲô
˾˼ڳճǼƣġĸף
˼һԲͷ亹˾˼ǳı˫ЦЦۣƺڳЦһ㡣һʼΪ˾˼ܻңǴ˿ȴݻαȫġ
۹ϣһһߴϰ壬Ѻע
㣬˼Щȣ
Ŷ˾˼Цȷ
˼еͷ
˾˼ϣ⽫ӳȥ䵽ϡ
һ˸ӡ
С
С
ˣ
˼Щ˾˼̾˿ƺЩεˣ߾֡
һ£
˼ס㣬˳ȥѻЩãȻȫ֪ʲô˾˼̧ۿ˼ϰ壬ôˣ
Ӯˣǹ˼мҵ
ˡǾǡǾҵ

˾˼ѣ׼ȷѹϣ֪Ӯ䣡
ʵûչ¶һһߵ߾֣Ȼһѷ˼ҵ
˿䣬ֻ¡
ǵ߾֮ˣǾ͡Ǿ͡
˼ȴ˽
̧ͷ䡣
˻ȻһƬ˾˼ϴһ˿𾪣Щվϰ壬ֻһ֡
˼ʱ϶ԼĽۡûӮİգô߾֣
̵ѻܹӣǳȥһ֣䡣
˵꣬˼վѸٻ˺Ժ
ЩãȻѰվڹ˾˼󣬻ڳ±״̬ɻôˣ
ô£ĲҲЩס
ѻˣǸϽȥѯûһѻƱǡ
˾˼һڹϣˣͬѰĲ
ѰСڵʲôǶˡܲȥӣ
˾˼С˵һѧġ
Ѱ
˵֮󣬹˾˼˸֣Цŵϱ
ոշĺһƣߵ˾˼ߣ˾˼վִϣʹкǻǷ˳ȥ
˴ӣ̫ˡ
ͲѣŹ˾˼ȻǿĶļ뻯Ӧս˹д˾ҲǷǷ֮ˣˡ
һ߳ȥԶսӣǻû˵꣬˾˼˫һǺϽȥס
˶Щ죬żˣ
ȡ
˾˼ųŲסˣ˭һɣ߲ˡ
ǡ㡢Сӣ
ΪмΨһһǿ׳ܱ˾˼ˣ岻ݴǳеΣŹ˾˼˹˼ҪߣæܹǽҪ̣
˴㡣
̾˿¶Ϣһգ߰ɡ
ǲ絽˸øɡ
Цŵϴε¶ûܼʱлܹӡɾܹӳԶٷƳٳδ񡣡
ǳƬ̣ڵĳ߶ˡ
ԼȥԼڹ˼ҵĳ
˾˼̱ˣŶӵɳˡ
ʲôųԼź˾˼̾˿ûƼҳһϣ
ǲ𣿡Щ֣˾˼ȷϣûǳȥġ˾˼ڰ֣ЩʹΪţԵϣװȥˡ
ι˵˵һ˵˾ǲĶǮر
ҪĶǮôҵڶĳﵱһ񣿡
˾˼˸ۣˣôΣ
ǲ˾˼ֱӵ˼棬ѺעΣֻҪѹͿˡɸӣżӮΣҪȷӮǲ̫ܵġ˼ԣǰڶĳɸӱʮʮʤûʧֹ
أ
һҿ񣬼ԼĶĵġ˾˼ŵһΣҲǵ֣ʵһ֣ӮѾνˡˣҶļȺףӮˣǴ㿪ʼ̣⳰в
λãÿζԤзաζĵ̫ѹֶɣܾڸףȻһ룬ɴˡ
ţ˹˾˼˼·
һʼӣҡɫӣ۹ϳԣΪ˸˼׽ԼǸʲôˡ
Ȼ˼жעԼ䣬һӮ
ͬĶӣǶԻϸڣͨǵķӦ˼а취Ĵʾ
˼ôѹ£ȥһҵѡȻȥѡһ׵ķ
һУȻҲǻڹ˾˼˼˽ġ
˼ĵǴС˾˼ĵġ
һ㣬Ȼʡ
ɵøп˾˼ǳԤϡ
ϵƣϵĴϻۡ
˾˼ڰ֣Щʹһˣ㲻֪ÿըˡʵʱˣĵ߾ȻˣҾùʻĻװͷᵽſȥ
Ц˵ô
û˵㲻˽
˾˼æģҪ֪ǰٲ̵¶֪ˣ׵
Ϲ˵ˡ
ء
ɡ˾˼ۣСֻҡ
ɵʵ˵㸸ĸܳ谮㡣
˾˼⻰Ҳû˵˺þúŵݳǵˣҵоҸڰˡ
˶ֵģִڴϣһһ¹ŵˣƲ⣬ĸĸȻ簮޷졣˶ãһǲһٱˡǺ¶ԣȻǴò
Һ뷨˾˼ ԰ɣԽңԽҪͬŸɣԽͬŸɣԽҹܵòǾôһֱѭȥСʱ岻ãÿζңţġ
ͺˣ
Щ֣˾˼ÿɵӵһۣɵңһΣͻôõģԺ⣬һӦŴ˾ͺˡΪЩŴ˾̺ܽúӵ˵뷨ôģΪǴ꺢ӣӾˡǾܾãҺӡӾ㺢ӱ˲һ̫谮º֡
Һ˵ܶĪĸоɵģ֪ΪʲôҪһ𣿾ǷԹһЩںǽǵַʽȥǣûõģҪôҡһҵ̫ˣʧָҴһ߹ǣҶûֻԼãԲǱƵġ
㱻˾˼һ˵µġ
˾˼һ˵ãȻ̧ǰ˻ӣʲô
Ŷ񣬡ҾǾã뷨ȥϡŹ֣мֵ
е
Щɻ󣬡ûãΪʲôҴӴ¥ƻأ
˾˼⻰˽ӣЩ˼ŤͷȥСҲǡҲǾöԲ㣬°𡭡
ǲѪ¥֣˱һˣҲ
µһӣԼĨ˲ӵ˼Ҵſڣ
⻰΢΢һ㶣ǰƺЩ˼ıŤ֪ΪʲôͻȻһ仰ӿ֮ԷԷ
֪ΪʲôͻȻһĪĻ뷨
ʮĶУӴҶЩҹɭϵӵܣûһˣ˾˼仰еס
˾˼һֱ竵˵ӵܣƺһֲ˵óķʽڼԼĵľӵ
ԼĵĵֶηԲȥܽ˹˾˼ǹ˾˼ã̵
һӣ뾭ѵĪȻѿǴԹߣ۲˽ھ˾˼Ԥ֮ıأÿڵһ㣬͸ܵľϲ
Цתͷȥݳߺŵ̯ллˡ
˵ţ̧ϣ̧ۿȸ𣬰ӳɡ
һ¿ʼ
һʵġ۵ġ
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лҪ˵˾˼ңһк


28 
͹˾˼һ˸У, ƼǷСҲ, СƺܾС, ³ʱϻЩ, ͬ˼΢üͷţҲû굽ǰͬ˾˼λһλ常Ķӣ񷽲ʮ꣬常˵Ҫһ£ҴС, ƽ͵, ˹Ӻ͹ٷˡ
ܵسŹ˾˼㹰˹, һԲ, ֹ, ǲ󿴵Ϲ˾˼, Щ, Ҫ, ͱ˾˼ͻȻסͷֱӵ֣, ǺȾȥСԼȥɡ
һ⻰Ǳ֪, Ȼŭ˭Сӣ
Ŷ㲻Сӣ˾˼ͷЦһضҾ㣬ֳѣ̬ȣ
̡
񣡡߳ȳɫȴЩãתͷһⷹҲˣ㰮Ըԣһȥˡ
˵꣬תͻüţЩǡ
Ȼû˵常շҲֻݽڶʹˡλǽڶʹĶӣǻᵽݵģ˾˼ѾСӵˣպô죿
ЩǴ˿Ҳ˵̾˿Ź˾˼ߣȥ
·üūȥţ͹ʻϯ֮һ˱һֱ˵Ÿл֮ʣǸʵˣ̫˵Թ˾˼ŸмֻǶƱ˵ˣնл˹ӣھˣ
һȥǿСӣüͷ˾˼æӦ̵ϴ
ЦЦתͷͬʻ͵˺Ⱦƶô룬ͷһСӺȾƣܾⲻ
ʵ˼ˣ㶼̫ⶼھʲô߼ǹ˼Ҿ̣ЩصҲӴö࣬ʻæܹӲؽͣЩǶףԾͳԣȾͺȣȨԱͺã
ЦӦ£һ˳ԳԺȺȺ󣬽͹ʻϯȥ͹˾˼ǣȥͥԺ˾˼죬͹һԵơ
˾˼Ž˼Ǹпѣ޵˹ᣬ˳Ǹǹݣ±صټһϧݣܰޣպΣֻҪõϵĵطӴɿڡ
ֲ˾˼ڰ֣δϸؾƣֻζ轾ջ裬εϴִԣҹ˼¶мЩǷڵ¶һҪ˵ʲôллδ̫衣ҳ⣬ܵиֵѹգֲض롣
˹˵ǣǿŹ˾˼Щĳţ˹ѣ֪Σ
⻰˾˼Цˣ˵Цˣѣĳȥĳѣֲض˵պõϾ˼ĵطִɿڡ
ù˾˼Ļ˾˼ǴںȾƣЩ̧ͷһۣСҺȵɣ
ǴЦͬٷ˱ЩɣսϣǶ˺Ⱦģ£
ЩΣ˹˾˼һۣǸһơ˾˼˾ƣСһڣʱζ޵ģǺ㶼Ц˾˼룬ͬҺȲ˾ƣôɺȶû˼ֻͬȭҺȣ
᣿ЩΣң㻮ȭҪҺȣ㲻û𣿡
ٷ˵ˣЦŵ˻ȭŮ˵Ƶģ
ǲһ˾˼ֱӵ㲻֪ڼҳǼԺҪҷ׬Ǯҡ
⻰һھƾ˳æЦЦ
α˾˼æҪԼģͬ˵Ժٷˣýϰ壬һһ졣
˵ˣûţⶼĸ˾˼Nɪģȴ˾˼ôõǰ˵˾˼ƤЦЦϰ壬ȵ£
˵ˣҺȾˡæ˾˼Ϸȭǻȭ
ǱµǱҾƣϵϷĹƣһ滮ȭһ˵ЦһȾƣûȹƣ;ζģЩ㣬ȵЩçײ˾˼û֣㡰ѡ͵ϡ˾˼ʶ
ԱӡЩΣ͵ٷûȹƣҲ̫Ϊˡ
Ѿߴ󵨣˾˼Ļûвôôͬ˵
ӡ췭˸ۣˡ
ԱѹЦСѾѽ
˾˼̾˿Ųңҵλ̫ˣࡣ
˵ţ㱻һˣ˵ˣǿʹһ
ˣ
ԭء
ЩЦã˼˳ƺǣŵ¶ϣˡ
ʲôѽ˾˼ڰ֣޷ǾΪ˶׬Ǯ˶𾴣Ѿ׸Ķˣʲô򲻵ʲô󲻵õģȻûУʲô
Ź˾˼Ļ˼ãߣҲΪȨƣλԽߣ¶Խ࣬ΪЩգһЩ
˵ţǿЦһ£ҲҸ˵뷨ѡݲȺݸսڵƶ񤣬ʱȲݷḻĵطˮÿҵ˼ʢÿÿݻЦҶϣݰգһ⾰ͺˡ
ʵƶҪԭƶ񤡢ó
˾˼Ϸһݰ˴СɱأԱţϷԱɽƤݻϷ޳УҵԼڣȻ̫ƶ񤡣Ҳˣѧ̶֣ܹʲôٽ֤ǵʳӦȻšϾȥĲǸȥ
ţͷп˵ǡ
˵ţЦû뵽ᣬⷬ⡣
ˣ˾˼ЦǮҪĺãѧľˡҼұҲ̣竣ĿȾҲڡ˵ףҲͶ̥Ŭˡ
˵ţ˾˼˾ٱȾƺȾơ
ǺȾƣ£˾˼뷨أɴҴ
Ǹ˾˼´£Ұı
ȸˣڳݲ壬ȴǵԺҪаնԵϷ·ᱻÿ˶ҪúûţҪϵġúûš
˾˼ţҲ֪ôģ˵͸оЩѪڡ
˱˵ã˼պ󣬾ףԸԸԳ
˾˼˵ôˣԺۣԶžƵˣһ仰
ԺҪаնԵϷ·ᱻÿ˶ҪúûţҪϵġúûš
ɵǡ
ǰҲ룬ƽƽȵġϵģúûš
һӣʵȥǣ϶֡


29 
˾˼Ǻȴ󷢺˼ȥݰ, , 紵Щ, ЩЦ
ȵҹ, Ҳˣ˷˸Ի˷ͬһڴϣ˾øˣһֱЦ
̧ӣ̲סҪͷˣ˸ʲô
һ, ˾˼, ˵, ܸһһ, ¶û, Ҳû, ߸˵ء
, ̧ۿһ, ЦЦû˵
˾˼²ģȴܣ֮价ͬ, ֮УʵҲҪӵġ
㵹ڴϣ۵˯ɡ
һ˯, 㰴ƽʱʱЩͷۣǳȥ˽͹ʻʱ˾˼Ҳˣǰ˹͹˾˼С
˺˵꣬һƾ͹ˣͬ˾˼˼Ҫݣ㵽ݣʲô£㵽ҡ
С˾˼ЦŵǼҵĲҵЩҪȥʱ¶С
ҪݿꣿЩɻ󣬹˾˼̾˿̲ٶֳǴҲΪѡԾţȵʵĵطһطܻ
ݾͶˡЦҸ׺ͷ嶼ǹĺù٣۸ġ
˵ţѰֽʣ˹˾˼һֽдۡĵַԥһڻǵ˼¾ƲȣЩ¶Ҳö˵Ҫչ˺Լˣһ£뿪ݵѰҡˣüҶҡȻ鲻࣬Уȴǽ㵱ֵܣģȻᾡ㡣
˾˼ţ棬֪˲ЦҲƽƤЦģַģҲǳǿˡʵ˵˵жߵɽˮܸ·
̾˿ţȻ
˵ţ˵󣬹˾˼ǳš
عͷվſڣɫƺЩǡ
˾˼ЦЦߵǰȥ̧Ĩƽü䣬Цŵˣһжõġ
˾˼ô˵ȴĲ¡
ʱգŹʻͽһȥݵļҵ
ǲ̫ԣΪ˼Ҳҵ̫һһȥȻһֻ֮У»ֻš
ֻܾˣȥ󲢲ţȻҪ͵͵ȥ򣬽Ʊֿһɻƽ
˻ƽҲҪǹʻͽ׵⣬дͻƽ𡢹ŶֻȫװµĴ󴬡
ߴˣΪ˱գǱ·ί˼ھ֣Ѻ½ˣǵһƲֳ·ɹܼҹͷһԭ֣ȫǰݡ
Щͻһ£ÿ춼ⱼţŽ͹ʻ
ѾȫϤ˹˼ҵĲҵԹ˼ҵˡ¡ӪģʽѾμġ
˾˼ÿ춼ѧѧʲô徭ˣֻҴֱӽΣţΣˣδ˾˼ܵһıʿҲǼá
˸һߣҲÿϵʱڴϣű˯ţֹ˵һӡ
ϰ˷¶͹˾˼˵һȰȥͨ
ݻ죬·뺵¶ҲΪԷһǾͬԼһʱʱš￪ʼﻮųŵӣҸ˵ӣ뿪˷뿪Խ뿪ļʾԽ󡣷ܵһ뱻ץǲǹһˮ·У;ԶУܿӣ࣬ʵڲǺӡ
ʱ䣬ȴͲˣͻȻ˱һ㣬ˣֱֱ˹ȥ
˾˼鷿Žѧ¶˾˼ææϻ˷䣬ȻͿڴϡ
˾˼̫ʢ̾˿̫ƣۣѪ㡣Ϸ򿪸ӣ˳˿ɺתЩҪģǷ뿪һЩ벻أд󰭡
˾˼վ⾲ţҲûȥһˣʲôҩܳ˿Щģ
Цٷ˵Цˣҩгˣ
ˣ̾˿Ҿɡ
㿪˷ӣӡŴȥ˾˼վſڣ˾˼̧֣һơ
ӡҲû໰ͷŴ˳ȥ˾˼Žȥ·ʲôûһ㣬߽ȥͬЦŵ˵εˣҿɱŵˣƣɫй󣬿ȥôҲεӰ
⻰Цŵ㲻˵Щġ
˾˼ϣްɣ
û¶ġҡҡͷʲôʲôңӡء
Ů̫ˣҺòҸѧ͸͸磬Ҫһȥ
˵ţ˾˼˹
۲ۣºͿڣ̾˿Щġ
ȷ磬˾˼ȣţ˯ɡ
Ҳ֪ôˣһ;ܰߣӣܿ˯ȥˡ
ѵʱѾҹˣ˹˷ͬһԷ
Щ֣㻹ûԣ
ء˾˼Цһ˳Էį
ЦЦȴû˵ĵĻȴôѹ
˾˼ƺǲģ⻰㲻ˣ
Ҳûᣬ͵һЩСʱ¶
ţ
СʱȥѧˣǲҳԷġЦŵ˭Ҳ͹ܼ˺ãʣˣϻˣҾһ˳Է
˾˼ţ֪ôģǰ͸һСӰӡ
һǰ£һ˳Է
ʵѹĲһ˳Էŵļûһ˿ϵܵ
ĸأ
˾˼ɵóЦЦҺ̫⣬ҲÿȥǶ¶Ҳ췢żһΣҲġ
̾˿ԭͲãҪңôܵˣ
㣬˾˼֣̾ȥʱգõ治̫ס
ҲˡЦϲ㣬࣬û˿˿ҵʳ濴ҲǸŮ˺ˣ𣿡
İɡ˾˼ȴԺֻҪǻһһգұһշ
㶣˾˼֣أٲίˡ
Ҳ
㻰û˵꣬ڶԷ˫£˵֡
ſڣ˵˵ֻ˾˼㲻ģΪŮТġǲίȴΪɷΡԺʲôϲġϲġίġѹģ㶼ͬ˵
̾Ȼ⻰ʱҲ֪ôģ
Լû˾˼ŻˣĿˣ
ҡ㷴Ӧæ̧ȥʶû¶
㣬˾˼ЩΣͬ˵Ļôͼǲסأ
˵ţֱץס֣˵ί
˾˼һֶһֶ˵ֿ϶ίѹޡ
ֻѹѣʲôأ
Ź˾˼Ļ˽ë
˳þúӣŵδͬ˵ĻЦˡ
˵ţ̧ͷŹ˾˼ֻϰˣЩҵȷ˵ڡˣ˵ţЦѺǿġ
˾˼㶡
ôһ˲䣬
˵˿̾ôޣúһЩôЦţᣬ;ã̫ˡ
̾һߵǰ
ʲôû˵ֻ֣˻
ٳֻǸоᣬϢʪ
ŷ֣ԭĬੲݣз
㿿껳ƽͷһξãԭͱˣǿԱġܵһ˵ͰȣǷݼѹѾõ
Сʱߵͬ˵СʱܶණҪӰ쳤һӵġ
Ϲ˵ĶһӵӰ춼Ĳ˵¶
ǰ˾˼ҾãһֱôȥúܾúܾãҿܾͲǻûʧǵǶˡ
˾˼㣬Ļǡ
Ƭ̣ȻûνԼҲûδǾãҪܸһ㣬ܲҪôѹЦ棬ܹ޾Ϳ־֣ôһֱȥҲûʲô
ǵУ¶ˡ
Ц
˾˼̾˿ͷЩΣ˵˵Ƣܹί
Ҳûίġ
˵¶ôҵģ
˾˼ˣҲûϸϸͬ˵ĹСʱһ׮׮һ
ûаŽҶңƼױЩ¶ûаڣ֪˾˼Щ
˾˼˵ţһһЦʱʱһ䣺
һֱ˵ҹ˯ˡ˵ô꣬¶ˣʱ̡̫
Ȱû¶Ժġ
ţԽԽС˯˹ȥʱȫᣬ˯Ժ󣬻ץӣèһߡ
˾˼ںҹ¹⿴ݡ
ͻȻеÿ
ƺһ㣬ٶƤҲڹ˼࣬¹ǳǳĹ⡣
˾˼֪ôͻȻһֺĳ嶯
뷨ӿ˾˼̰Լ޳ܣȻԼֵܶ˼
㣬Ǿս飬ԲЩͷִꡣ
ϽԼСӡ
޹֮󣬵ڶ˵ĳ졣࣬͹ʻհɣˮ·УߣȻ·еڡ
գ࣬˼ұ㶨ҹ̡
գ˾˼صͻȻͬ㡣
ţЩ֣ȴǵá
ڶϣ˾˼磬űߣѡɫæײÿѡ׺ÿġ
һǳɫɴȹȻͬױݡ
˻üë
ЩʲôҪʼûʣȥ鿴һȦ󣬱ǰ˹˸緹
Ź˾˼ʲô˼ȥ޷ǾҪȥʲôҲ벻͸Ҫʲôȵ˹˸ͬӡӽտѧˣ
ӡ˻򴽣Цû˵˵ˡ
ͷȥ̤ԺţܱȫǱһͿ˾˼˳󻹸ĲͳѰĲ̧˦һдţ綫һƽȻѰ˦дţٱɽ˳졣
Ź˾˼ٴϲ
㶣Ϳ˾˼߹ͷϰһ˵ְ㡣
𴽣һЦ⣬ȴǿƲס΢΢ţɾˡ
αˡ˾˼͵ֿ˰ɣ
ɾܹ黹Ҫӵġ
˾˼ŸˣЦȥһţͿڴϣܿܿվ󣬳˹
ԭأ̧ͷƼ˵㣬Ц
˼ù˷ȥ˸ң˵ᣬǷˡ

ԱЦˣվʲô
º͵ȥ˵仰
û˵ǰȥǰôվţþú󣬲Ųٽгһ
ԭΪˣžͲܼˣ˭֪ǹգܼš
ȾҲЩ˻̾˿ȴǵǿˡ
ŮŮϲæЦתͷȥŽ͹ʻùŷˡ
ʲôģЦŵ˼ڣ˹˼ңҲǸӣͷһιգһüªˡ
ªĵ˵ӿƴҡͷܺˡǶҡܺˡ
ͷһΪա
ͷһΪôࡣ
˾˼ǰļϵҪס죬еʱ䣬أҰţ֤ø߸ˣţ
á붼룬Ӧɾġ
ЦĲͳѰڣһٷԵڡ
ȳԹͬһ˷졣˵ƽͣɼЩʱչòͬ˵˾˼
񾲾ţŮüɫģԸеһ˵˾˼һʱǲһġ
ЦţعžԼƺЩ̫ЩͷСŮ˵ˡ
޷ЦЦ֣º͵˼Ǹúӣн٣ȴã޸һ׮¡
͵Ӧһûͬ˵ȥ˾˼˵Щ뾭ѵĻֻЩҲԸˡ
룬м¶ҵøͨš
ţ
Ҫ뿪ݣܷ뿪
˴ˣ㡭˵ʲô
ҵ˼ǣһҪˣҪһ·ݿ̫Σգ뿪֮Ҳ֪Ⱳӻ᲻ҪҪͬһߣ
һӲ
΢΢ҲŮʱ
ԥʱ¾Ҫ̵ġҲû˭ڲڣô꣬㻹Ҫͬһ𣿡
û˵븸ףֻѡһԸͬһߣʱ֪ͨ㣬ҪߵˣҸڵ˸͵͵ҲСʱǾһ뿪ӴߺҲˡ
ǡʼջˡ
ʱͲˡ
ƽʱ˭ֹ˵˭
㿴ߣҲǿⶼѡֻ֪ҵԭ򡣡
Ҫ뿪ݣɫᶨߣұɡ
û˵
˺þãʲôһ˰ɡֻһŮ㵽Ȼǵ
˵ţۣɳ㡭㲻ЩʱգʵرڣҲܡ
룬ôû˵仰һ
⻰΢Цץ֣Ժкʱ䣬һֱ͵ǸӡԺһ׬ܶܶǮúܺúܺá
áɳǮûǮûϵֻҪܶ㼸棬úúõģ۰ƽƽ͹ˡ
Ҳﲻʲôᣬʲôʲôá
Ҿϣúõģӣһ㣬˵ˡ
˵ţ洫
㣬ˡ˾˼˳Ҵȥö
̧ۣ⣬Ȼԥŵ㣬ЦЦȥɣһֱء


30 
Ӧϸϸ, ˳ȥ˾˼ĲѰվſ, ֹ˵Щʲô, һ, ĲͳѰ̵ɩӺá
ЩɬͷӦһվ˾˼ȥСɾ
ߣҴȥ档
˾˼˵϶ûʶ֪жٺ¶ôǮġ
Цˣ˾˼ӻͳһƱҿɴ, Ǵ󷽻
, ̾˿, Ź˾˼üЦģ, Ҳö˵Щʲô, , Цû˵
˾˼һ, Ⱦ͵һҶĳӡ, Щʣ˾˼ҡ߽ȥͬƽʱеĵط, ˼УȻһѹסҵļļһǧµġ
˵, ˾˼һǰСڸ˾˼һӣСл󽫽ļ˳˾˼żͬҫƼûҵļԪ˧
ЦнԪ˧
ԣĲ̽ӵҺͳѰȡ֣˼ĶнĶԪ˧⣿
ͷ˾˼żͬߣҴ㶷ȥ
һ·˶ĳӣͿ˾˼Ԫ˧ڱϣëүɾͿˣҪúô֪ôϵȵʳԣԡ
˵ţ˾˼ͷһڣЦȹ˾˼߹ˡ
Ķأ˾˼æԪ˧˸ģһ㼦һࡣ
Ԫ˧಻㲻֪ȷһļһ
Ͳر󣬺ͶķʼҪ׳࣬˳ֻӣŲӣĿһе̬̲סЦҿļˡ
˾˼֪̭һֻķʼŽԪ˧ٳԪ˧ΧųӿʼѸȦüͷǲˣ
ʲô£˾˼ЩԪ˧壡£尡
ܱߺһƬ£֪ΪʲôҲЩʼ̲סԪ˧ͣԱ߹˾˼ӷŽߴٵ죬עע
Щ£˾˼ʹ֣žͰǰԶһ̨ϣȻ˾˼ͷϣԪ˧ԣ죬
Ǯȥʱ;ЩһˣʼڴӮʼ䡣Ŀһֱڼϣ͹˾˼һԪ˧͡
ȽԪ˧͵һģװѶԷ壬Ȼʼһ·׷ŷʼڳ֮ͺ͹˾˼һ𻶺Ŀ֮£˾˼һѱһ߸˵ӮӮӮˣ
ԱĲͳѰҲһ𣬵Ƭ̺ĲͻȻôоЩԣ
Ѱͷ˿˾˼㣬ôʮֵĶͻȻЩˡ
˷ſһʱžòףϽһͬ˾˼ȣղŷˡ
˾˼ҲôЩ˼ܱ֣Ǳˣ͸ˣϽ޷ֵܶģ˾ͰԸֵܾСҼԪ˧ɰСŻˡ
㶷꼦˾˼ȥ˶ĳһڶĳĵû찵أ㼤ѹŴСҡӣѧ˴齫ȶѾˣһȥ¥ȾƸ߸裬Ź˾˼£ɴʹĲѰһ˳ǡ
㲻˾˼ȴ˵ģ˾˼ǰ棬ԸȻֵܣһ·˳⡣
Щҹź⣬¶ȴҹ
ķ˿ĴϣҹգŹأܱĲͳѰĸ߸衣
оߺһ˵ĳҪХ
Ĳں׷Ź˾˼˼һס
˾˼ŴЦƭүү
ɩڣѰ׷ЦɩԲԣ
Ӵأ˾˼ͷҼСӻûҳΪ㳪һס
ţЩ죬Ϊʱ򣬰Ź˾˼ӣӦҪ㶺ŪӵģȻȴ룬ĸߺһȴǡƺ֮ˮأ
׷˿ĺѩ
뾡Īʹ׿ն¡
Ҳıãǧɢ

ӹ󣬵Ըѡ
ʥͽԼįΩ

ĸ˵񣬺ʲôǳʲôգûаָϵֻ˵Ŀ뽾֮Ѫڡ
͵廨ǧãƣ˵ţͷЦǹ⣬ᣬ͵Ϳڣͬų
ѣæͷȥҶ࿴
ԱĲͳѰЦɩӺˡ
㼱ˣһڣˣ
û˾˼̧ۣбԱˣЦЦϱ˵ء
˼ɩĶ˵ˣĲϽ˵أ
һ˺˵˵ţˣǵ˽ӱߣ˾˼һںӱһ˾˼߲ϣǣӣߡ
һ·ǿ˿ʱ䣬Ѱ˼ŽʱĲһˡ֮ǰѰɩӣ֡λֳȻŵȴǸʮĺˣСףǰͷϡҲף߸ˣһ˳졣
˵㻰ôôࣿ˾˼һţϽˣС㡣
ѰЦǺˡ˾˼ϵ㣬һɣǽʲôأ
ɾġ
ҽɣ
˾˼º͵һӣܻ¶ɡǣоһ¡
˵á
Ȼˣһϣһǣڻسǵ·ϡ
˾˼·ĸǸСƽͣ¹⣬ţ綼˼ᡣ
ɾ̲סڣ꣬һ𣿡
⻰˾˼Цˡ
عͷɵյȻǹġ
Ժÿһ꣬˾˼תͷȥڵҶ겻һ߸˵ģòã
Цû
ȴš
ѽ
һֱиǰ棬ǣŸ裬нգн񳯡


31 
ڳʱȴѾǼɹȪֽ, , ȷһ飺ȷ˼Ҫܣ
, ǰ˹, Ǹе̽˵ѾʼʰӦ⼸ˡ
Ȫĥһȥ˸˸˿ɶڣ
հ׮˳ȥʱ֪ôˣҪ, Ӧڵġ
ȥ˸
, ĻЩԥ, ôóóȻȥ, ðɡ
޷Ȫֵ̧, ڳѾԹ˲Ͼ, ¾͵һὫһ, ²֪, ˽ǣƷ, ﻹʲôӣһȺԲ˳ĻɫʱԸ¡
˵üǣĻ˼ŵ, ʱҪ͵ǮֱӺЩҪǮǲӦʣЩѪֶΡ˼ҸȥֶԴ˶෬裬ǿʼҲӦ
űµ˼ҲЩ⾰ˡȪ˼ţȶ˹˼ңȽǵˣϢҲʱա֣ǵݣǰ׻ӵݣͻزˡ
ţȪ⣬Ըһֱ޹˾˼ٶȥ¶
̵ױȥ˹˼ҡ
ʱʻͽ׼˯£̾ϢŵЩ̤ʵ߲ˡ
õģʻȰŵΣ׼·װǷֿһˣ˭֪Ϣ׼½·ˮ··ʱһͨһǵ·ˮ·ߵã½·Ҳߵãˡ
˵á
Ựû˵꣬ش֮˶Կһۣʻã̵ϱҪ飬ˣϽӵصȥһʱδϵͿ
ô죿һץסʻЩʻĽ֣º͵ģʱһ취㿪ֱӳϣڵͣڻǵңһ취
æ˵ͷ֪˿̲ܳɣѸٿʼʰ
ʻ߳ȥյǰ㿴ŹٱͼҶִʻվſڣ˫£УЦӣϡͰ
ʻٴǰЦ˼ҿ֪
˵ЦˣʻЩɻ󣬡ҹ˼֣֮У
ͼı乴ᣬ˼ҲУ˵
ӣʻ⻰˵Щ֤ݣ
֤֤㸮Уһѱ֪
ٴȣʻ⻰Цŵ⻰Щ˼ˣҲ˵û֤ݣҵĸУ֤ˣȻû֤ݣ˵˼Ȼ˼ΪҪװױѹһ⣿

ŭǷѲ飬ʻ㲻·ǲ飿
飿ʻЦ㣡սһ£ұ㼱ҹ˸Ѳ飬˾֮·˽֪ۺҹ˸Ѱͷٰˣһɽӣų͢塣Ҿ㣬˵ı֤ȷ䣿ǷǾͼ˰ɣ
ǱȻѾˣѾߵ˶һ˼ҲһϢûС
ıûô죬Դʱ˿̣ȻǻʵѾ֣ɴఴһֵȻ󽫽һжǰе飬ûŵԹ˼Ϊ̼Ҳ֪һ͵˻ʵ۵Щʲô˶ֵ졣
ʻıţ˿ԻŵҪҹ˼鷳ǿԣ٣ȥͬ˵һҹ˼ңһ£²¡
⻰㶣ʻϺ޾ɫһʱҲò׼ע⣬ʻװǻƣǵҵİѱ
ӣʻ¶ӣ󷽵С¶¶Ͻȥȥ
˵ţ˸˵ӣ˲裬ڵϡ
ҧҧֵ̧˸Χסһֻ񶼲ܸҷɳȥ
ʻٽŵʱ򣬽Ѹٴܵȥ
ڽЩ˷ˣˣ;˼ô죿
ȳȥȥѰǡ
Ѹٵģ¡
ܵһ·ȥ
һǰڵܵ㳤һ·ֻӵ˼ҲԶһ˳ܵȥҹ˾˼ȻͷϹȥ
˾˼ʱڳѾѧСܣƥ˳˾˼һ󣬱ǣȥ
ŲԶʱܹ֮ЦŻͷͬݾãܶô֡
ЦӦǰҲ֪ȥݣûķ
˵ţͼĲͳѰǰ۶˾˼ͣվԭأüͷ
ֱȥʲô£ȴҲû¶Ϳһ·ɱ˾˼ǰѰ˼ұٱΧˡ
ٱΧˣ
㾪ȳ̵˭ˣ
١
Ĳüͷż˵Ա߰ƺĲѸٵڲ˻ظڳţڳһж֪ͨ㡣
ˡ
˾˼ǵĻ飬˺ôǲҴ̽ϢҲҪκϵðһЩƲȳݳȥ
˼ѰЩǵǷʲôˣ
һʱ˵壬˾˼ٵֻ֪£ݳǻңٴҸ̿гҽãǲǣٴż뿪ݣǲԣ뿪ϣ
𡭡ѰЩͣǲţȪǽڶʹҲôĿɣ
Ҫˣﻹʲô˾˼̧ͷ˳ѰһĲ¶֮ɫһץס˾˼˵Ŀɵ棿
޶Ϸ˾˼侲ڣĲϻһ˲̵Ѱ̻ȥ֪ͨ뿪
˼Ĳתͷ濴Ź˾˼һʱƺ˵ܶ࣬Ȼúȴ˾˼ݺӵһ£۵һ𣬲֪ʱء
˾˼ԭֵӣһ̾ҲЩ˻ͷ̾ϢȥɣպƽˣһǺȾơ
ĲͳѰ뿪
ץݵķϵȴҪǿ򶨣ͷ˾˼ڵɾΣ
ȥͷ
˾˼ɫƽȣҸĸа취ûа취ȥҲûãǵͷţˣ̿ߡ
Щżǡ
˾˼ץס̧ס֣Щǵ㣬ȥͷ
һ˲䣬Ȼס
Ҳ£Ҳڹ
֪ʲôɳֻĻоҹϢ
ںﻥ˵Сǰѻ˵һɵ¶
ͷԶһ·񱼵ͷ˾˼ҵԭͷϵˡҴǹʻ£ϤͰѴ£پ֪˼ҪߣҲ벻˼һһ
˾˼׼õȫ˴ȻʼˡǾڼװϣݵķ
ҹڴϣ͸ˣ˾˼̧֣סΪڵŷ硣
е㺦¡
㿴ݵƻͨƮҹڻǶҺ߲
Ҳǡ˾˼ЦҵﶼҺûа취˽ˣǰûдϢ
˾˼򴽣ð죬ŲǾͿ
㲻˵ץŹ˾˼
֪˾˼ǵģ
ôʱ򿪴
Щ˵ڣĵȴ׵ģʱ͹˼˹ϵҺռҵԵʣܻġ
˵ڡ
ǰһ̲ţҪڹ˼ҹôһʱ˿̣˼ѣҪͬ˵ȥ

ֻܾǰ꣬˾˼۾ȴƺǶ˼
Цˣһ㰲ǣҰͲø㣬㣬еġ
᣺ôãϱı治ڼʵߵԶ֪ǳʵʵ붫֮¡ؽڶʹѾ˸Ե˼˭ܶʱ´ңڶʹƱȨһ֮»սֹҪҹ˼һҵ鷳Ҫҵģݸ̵鷳ӣǮݺܿͻΪһŮӣô
㱻˵ˡ
ˡ֪˾˼ûΪôԹ󶯸ɸꣿǶ˹˼ҵǮ
һƬ˾оԼƮˮˮݣն˸
һӵǣҾҪ£һ˭
ٶԴֶΣ׹ߣԾһ£˾˼æ˻
£׾ܴû¶ģǶûµġֻҪžˣ㣬㿴ң˾˼̧֣ۣŹ˾˼˾˼ǿһЦݣ˶ûµģңţ
㲻˵Ҳ֪ôˣ˳ϰߣȻ;ãľ£Ҳôϣ
ĵ˵ͷ˾˼˿úܽ·ڴϼȡĳ
Ǿôţȵҹ˼ٵ͵վϽ˴ߣȻͿ˸Ϲ
ˣ
˳ʱͷ˾˼˵ˣǸˣ
˾˼ԶþúþãŷӦ͵һ˵ϡ
˾ͺáѵˣͺá
˵ţһ͵شȻܵˣ׼ˣ
һص˼װϣȻɨһȦȴ˲ԾѯʽǸͷأ
΢΢ָϴ˾˼ʱԣǰȥץסֵҵأ
ڸŤͷȥŽˮƽǵţٹһǾͿ½·ǳ˻ϣڻǽ
ô˾˼ٷʣڸȻΪ˸ʱܵٶܵ¶٣γ
ˡ˵Ǿ
˾˼ˣƿ˽ȥ
˾˼վڴͷһ仰û˵㰲úܿܿˣߵ˾˼Աߣ˼˶˰ɣƼţأ
˾˼ĻѹŲŵ֣ǿһЦݣϾˡ
˵ţº͵ȥϢɣڼװٿݳǣҵˣǾˡ
࿴̾˿ȥôļû
֮ǰҪҪĶһ顣ȥǺܺãȥ鶫ȻعͷװѾ˹˾˼
㶣˴գĴѰŹ˾˼ȻȴûţȽǵͿŵһš
һ顣
˶д˹˾˼֡
Ը֮ޣɨüɳ֮ˣѡƸ߹֮ŪӰͥǰЧɪ̬֮
ԹͽᣬĪһϲ
»ϲǡԸǧꡣ
΢΢Ϣš
ԺͻȻֳ˾˼ſź˵ģ˵űʲôҪҸ飬ǧԼҶ㲻ãţ
ĸˣҲ֪Ⱳӣá
ȴоϲãֻϷ·˸紵ȥۡ
Ѿˣ뿪ͷ
һץ£Ͻ嵽˽Ƕٵţأ
ᱳڴϣɳ˵½·ǻǵ
Ļû
ʹţٳٲþúѵ̫ȥʱˡ
⻰ӻ˻Σʱ˹˾˼ȥʲôˣ
ӡӣ
¾ᣬɫȻ˵ȻĴ㣬ŲصģȺЪϢɡ
˵ţȥ顣վԭءӴ￴ԶԽԽԶ
һټǸˡ
ǸֽǸ̫һâꡣΪ֣ڶĳϺңǮ衢
һһδġõˡ
Ҫʧȥ
ģۿԼȥǸԼֿ˾ǷֿˣűʲôҪȻȴŲӣӶǣǰСͬ˵Ժÿ궼Ҫա

ͷֳо·ǷˣһԽԽַͷ
ôõˣ
Ⱳӿܶôõˣô࣬һ̣ѡȽϴȥԼĸףãܸ
ͷ֣Ҳ޷ͷҧɴ߽˷ѸʰӺ뺡·ȶȻŻ˾˼ĽҩһЩҩҩȡϣȥ˴գԸһСߺٸ֪ˣӻȥүˣһȥһƴѴӴ
㶣ȵȥ
⴬װͬʻһֲٰ죬ߣôһ𣬹Ӧ¡
ӡҪȥʲô
ӡ죬
㿴ŴСȥתͷץסӡ֣úչĸף֪𣿣
ˣӡץүȥ˾ȥˣȥҲûõİ
çײҵȥȰš
ҪȰסô죿ӡ޺ͲˣһŮô죿
㶣Ƭ̺ɾԳϴңѳ֮
˵ţԱ˽㣺ٷˣˡ
һˣ
ƿӡ죬ŰñӴӵСϡ
ӡſڴͷ޵˺ѷΣһʱҲ˳ƺֻǴţС㣡С㣡
վСͷԶȥĴ󴬣һԼ֪ΪʲôѡȻѡˣҲδڡ
ڴͷŴ󴬵ķ£ߵףŮТʹ˰ݱ𡣡
ʱͽᾪǵ˼װԶȥСȥʲô
ٷ˷˵վڽߣӻȥүˣסˣⷬȥضƴסƽ
û˵ҹӽˮȣһѷס
ˣݳǣкᣬɫƽǱصƽ
Ŵ㳯£ȴһ֮䣬ĸԾ
ûԼ޳ɬ˵öԡǵǡ
ǣƽ
´ʱ밶߻Զ˰ȥƥֱ˸ȥ
ѧ̫죬ȵ˹˸ʱغãȡһյƣҴŹ˼ȥ
¹䵽ʯ·ϣСȻ
ʱ˿̣ͺ޶ˣ
סӣЩ¡Լǰȥһ˾˼еǰ
ȻֻǳƬ̣˿Լᡣ
ΪѾˣһΣѾˣô˾˼Ҳ¡
һΣ
ŵƣҴתʯԶ˼Ľü죬ȻǸԼǰǰ
СĴʱ˸ܱѾˣȪվڹ˸ſڣʻǰҶֵǰ
үȪЦŵ˵¶Уչ鶼ò֤ݵ¶ͱȮӣϽ־ܣͽ鷳
˵û֤ݾû֤ݣʻЦ֤ݶѾĳλʷˣֻҪˣұ֤֡
⻰ȪͷЦˡ
㿴ȪЦЩáǷǰĻŵȪģǡȪѾҵ˼أ
ȪҲһǶһʷΣ
ʻƺҲ뵽ЩϿƲ⣬ȴԾ˼ֻҡȪһ˴ˣǣ⻰źӾˣҲֻǲ̫ѿƲԣֻܳԷˡ
ʻû˵ú̾һ˵˵ȥΪǮˣ˼ԸǮȫܵ
үЦˣº͵͢ȣǮ򣿽ղĳҪΣ
ô˵ʻ۾ǲϷŹ˼ˡ
Ȫûڣ̹̹ǡ
ʻһȵţ
˵꣬ʻ㳯ŷֱȥȻٵʿȴǼ죬һȥ˵ס˴ţҲʱȺ͵سһӰһ߿ŴŵˣᵶֱӵٵĲϣܱߴһ£
ǹ˾˼ˣ
һֲ£ŵһͷϴңװ磬һֱȺû֡
Ȫ˾˼ɫʱˣ˾˼·֤ǳӺģô
͵ػͷ̷Ը̷ǳغ͸ͷѲ˼вҵ֪ͨϾڸϲ˼շͨȫȥҰץ
ʲô
ʻŹ˾˼ŭ
˾˼ĵٲϣûлͷʻֻǵߡ
ĵصô챻֣ð˶⣬ùʻ˳ŵصȥȻ뿪һֻ֣Ҫܵڿʼ̣ôܵߵҪѬ档
߸ƨʻŭȵӸңߡ
书ߣҵס˭߲ˣ
˾˼͵ػͷһܲܲҪˣ

ʻ͵öΪĵ
˾˼Ȫֵ̧ٶǿԺú̸
ǳǡ
˾˼ϵҪôû̸
ǳ͢շȪ̾ϢҽҲúһ㡣
Ȫ˾˼㲻ҪǮ˼ҵǮǿԶ㣬ΪʲôͲϷһ·
·ȪܵɱһҪ·ǻ𣿡
ǮѾˡ
ҪֻǮ𣿣
ȪŭȳҪţ
š
ֹš
˼ҵѪҸ£ǳѪֶΣˣ
˾˼Ȫҹ£ҿԸһ·㷴ԽԽ㲻áոҽҶӲϣұҪ˼Ѫϴ
ٲȪºͣٶ˵е־ҷһ˼ŲӺ󡣡
Ȫʻŭȣ׶ӡ
ʮӣƨ
Ȫȵҷżϣ
䣬ʿ͵
˾˼ʻһƣȻ˴ţһͷߣ
ʻվſڣ˶ˣǵţ֪ˣҲѡ
˾˼ŵӿ費Ҫˣӹ
ʻ͵һ
ԡнᡣ
ǸӲܶ˾˼ѾסˣȥҲˣô죿
Ŵþǣӣתȥ嵽ܵܵ񱼣һͷ
˾˼վſڣһĵһ򵱹أĪƣͬǰѹѹʿүү


32 
ʾǰ޸ؿһŶ
㿴Źʻţ֪ʻһȥܵ
ܵһڹ˼ҵһҵ, ȪѾȥ˼вҵ, 㲻֪ȪǲǻҵǱߵܵ, Ҳ˲ôˡͿŹ˾˼һ˱Χס, һ·Ȫɱȥ
Ȫ˾˼ͼٵǰ֮иɴ೹˳սֱ֣ӵԶͬԼĻŵ׽׽˾ͰˡӲ, պǸҪôһ⡣
ĻŹȪ, ˾˼Ⱥ, ľӿŵ
һ˱Χס, ѪȾ, 㿴ܱߴһƬ, ֵﶼ, ɨһȦ, Զһ͵꣬Ͻȥ͵
õݺ͵Ĵ˿̵˶, ȥʢ͵̳ӣһһ˳Ȼè, ⿪ʼ͡
˾˼һ˵ע÷ɿ죬˭
ȻȫŹ˾˼ΧȥҲûע
㵹˵ϵͣϿʼۡ͡·ʲôȼģ˶¥ʱ˾˼Ѿ˵ˣϢţŹ˸ſڣʼûǰһ
ĵѾˣһѡǹ˸Ĵţţһ
ϵ˿ѪǰѹѹˣһƬ̣оãԸҪˡ
Ϣţ˿ڣܱ˱ɱˣ˭ǰ
ڱʲôһˣôˣɣ
׽Ͱȡͷʮȥ
⻰ʿһٴγȥ
˾˼͵һЦ̧ۿǰҲһ̣ͻȻһϣǻ
ȻͿԶĶ¥ŮڣоŻѣȺ͵˹
˾˼ۣҲһ˲䣬վ¥ϣһ㿪ʼͣ
һһóȥ˾а֣
аˣ
ڶ¥
˷㣬Ҳ˲ö٣ͱ۾Լʣµ˳ȥ
ʱ۲СУһСۣȴը
֪żȻǱȻȻȴΨһܹ뵽İ취ɢȥæſ¡
ཫɵ˲䣬˲ըܱߵضɽҡһж˻𺣡
ܱľ¥ʼѸȼգҲž
ҴҸ¥ȥ¥ͼ涼ʿ
γ˫ֲֿ̿ܣǲҪ
ȻҲʱŶ룬˾˼ᵶһѪ·ץס֣ߣ
ܱ߱ңΪɢȥҲʣһЩȪױѵأ׷ǡſڱǣұ
˾˼ץұӳȥ
ż
˴󺰣ż
˵꣬˾˼̧õնϷ㷭󼲳۶ȥ
ѾˣǱݳ޷ȥ
˾˼֪ʻѸ˼ȥȥߣ
˾˼תͷͳź߱ȥʿ׷ᣬͷϵѪζ
ôˣ
˾˼ЩӲ㱧úȴֻһ䣺ҷĲ㡣
㣬˾˼ûҷŮˣúܡ
˾˼˵ã߹հתͽʿһأȵ˺ߣ˾˼˵˽ȥ
˸У͸о˽㻹ûӦͱ˾˼رס
ˮһбóٻֳƣ͸о˾˼һȥ
˶ʵڲˣź̧һͷ
ǲͣһ·ˮȥ׷Ȯ˾˼һεݸϣһ˲Լϣ˾Ϳˮʧ
ȫԼû£ֻ֪ƴǰ׷Ź˾˼Ӱ
Ȼ˾˼ĶԽԽһͿٲ׳ȥ
òקŷɫɷף󻹲һֻ
룬ѸϣȻǰ
ˮˮļǰţζоֽſҪûһƼԱקŵˣ֪ԼĶֶ˼ǰ
ˮ˵ˣûͻȻޣ뺿ޡ˱Ѿǿ
ݴŲоԼˮ﷭ûˡ
˾˼öͷᴥĶͷѵȥ
ȥǶҪȥ
һҰݣϣԼƴһϣүҲҪϣôȥ
ˮ˳Ʈţ˯ȥʡķʽƯˮȥ
ˮʯɰҵȫ˿ڣҲ֪ãһֱţڰԶ˺Ӱ
һʰõץŹ˾˼ε˰ߣһϰ̱˵ϡ
ᴭϢš

Լ˵ʮ͵
Ҫѹ˾˼ȥúõģȥ
ԼԼʱһʱһվŹ˾˼Ϲȥ
˾˼Ժۣо϶Լˡ
񡭡㡭
ɳƳ㶯΢΢һ٣ɬ𣿡
˾˼תͷǿЦţûˡ
ˡ
ŵˡˣʹƣһӿǶ֪ߣҪ׷ǰŮӻû£ܵ£
ҧأۣվ
ǻţһһȥ˫ף˭˵˵˻Ҳ߲·
һ·ߵҵһεɽЪ˽ȥ˾˼òסڣóҩʪ˵ɴ˿ڡȻ˾ݿ˵ıڣЪ
㿿Ź˾˼۾˾˼̧֣סļ硣
ʲôû˵
ûôˡ
ҲûΡ
ǻŶԷ˴˵Ψһ


33 
͹˾˼ϢһڻָһЩ, ʱ˾˼˿, ȷо忪ʼȡЩ, ܿ컹ƿƿ޹ҩ, ιŹ˾˼£˾˼ӣ̲סЦˣôô֪ôҩ
Щҩײͭƿľˮ⣬صʵ
, һ۵˭ͬƵ, һԾ֪, ҽҪǲ, ҿô죿
˾˼ЦЦû˵, ̧Ժ, һɵ, Ц⡣
ݺ, ˿ڣϢһ£, ȻȥҸطţˣȥҵ˺, һȥ
˾˼üۣš
ҳȥ𡣡
̫Զ
˾˼ɫºͣõĵط¶Һùȥ
ҿˣæ˾ͺúЪŰɣҪ¶ͺúöţǧ
ôɣ˾˼ȤСΪҳԵ氡

㡰һڣǿһķϣҹȥ
˾˼ЦȫȻţҲ֪ôƾôֲ˼æȥ
ȥδɽҰŵҲЩµġҰޣʣҹָҲҳˡ
֦ȥص˾˼һЦˣȥģǼӵģ
㻰ࡣ
㲻˵бȥ
ʪ֦ղ˾˼ѵ˵ĲУֲŸԴģ׵ȼ
㶣ͷûﱧŵ֦Ӧһס˺죬ôתȥ¼һѲ
ó𣬴ӣóڹ˾˼ָ˻ͷģ˾˼һЦָ˺ˣСèˡ
˾˼
Щˣ㲻ҾͲǰɣ
Ҿ˵ʵôͳأ˾˼һΣ޷˵仰ʡʡɡЩǾ͵øϽ·ǿ϶˳źѲģûʱӡ
˾˼ͷ˼Ǳߡ
ģ̾˿Ҿǵˡ
˾˼˿ڣڼϣҰΣֻն˷һббһϣС˸ǲ
룬ﻹǲģҳȥ̽̽··ˣһ»ֱߡú˷ˡ
˾˼Ӧһûж໰
վȥߵ棬ʼ˳һʼķȥ
һ˳ˮҪŹ˾˼ȽǣҸ͵طѲţȹ˾˼Щˣ뿪
мٵ뺣ڻֻҪҵһŵĵطԸװӼһʱ䲻£ؼľǣһʱ䣬ܲܶѲ
˼ţС˳źķѰŹȥûԶæӣܽƺֻһˣЩ֣ûúһϤͣס
͵ۣƼһ¹Ӽüͷϰķƺ˼ʲô
Ҷˣ


34 
Ҷʲô
ȫ벻óȻͷ, һ𳤴ڼҸ, ʱ˿, ҲΡ
ҶܱתһȦ, ȻߵֱϣĴ֪̽ôҵȥʱ·һ·׷˹ȥһ׷һ滹ڱý·ԶԶţĶ, һ롣
ڰںۼ
뷨ð, ˼, Ȼǲи, ԶԶҶ, ǲɽ, ̼, Ҷҿŵľ, ҲزסѸٰεȥҶ, ȵ
ɽĹ˾˼˲ۣŵ, ̽
ҶţҲûлţƽãûж⡣
ʲô
㾯ѯʣҶǡ
ΪҪǣ
㻹ǲϷģ˿շ㲻Ҷǣ𣿡
ݺǹ˼ң֪ҶңҶڵ˼ҵ¶ǵ廹ģҶΪ˹ӱϾͬѧѣãܰȻǻġ
ţʵѾˣҶΪ֪ģ˾˼ˣֻһŮӣ⵶ˣ˭Ҷûа취Ҷ̾˿ãôֱӴҵ˹ˣҵǣʲôô
㣬˾˼洫˳µɡ
ù˾˼Ļҵһ֧ߣµ̾˿ǸˣҶ磬ʱͬգҵþЩ
Ǻ¡
ҶΪ⣬ͷǰȥſڵľĹ˾˼˾˼ĵֱߣҶǴЦ»ܼ㣬û뵽
Ҷһֱۣͬã㽫ҵǣɣһһ̧ȥǰǴҵС˴Ҹǣȥ
á
Ͻȥǣ˾˼ĻЩ˵ԸվֲˣҪ̧
Ҷû־Ҫȥ˾˼Ҷ֣ЦһŵͳԼվҶޱ飬Ӣۡ
˵꣬Ҷת˾˼ԼԼȥҶЦЦӢ
һ⻰ͷ˾˼ڵˣԼȥϽҷ㡭
á˾˼ԥţһĻԼץҧͷȥ
㣺
ôˣӣûˣġ
㲻õҶһ˾˼ϣֵ㡣
òá
ﻹԸϽȥڹ˾˼ץ˾˼Ǳڻ˾˼üȥµǰ
׹˾˼ʲôù˾˼͸ˣûתͷͬҶҶ磬ž˼ǰȥٻ㣿
ҲС
Ҷ˵ͷ÷һŮҲܷŹ˾˼һ˻׵ľҶԸߣȥˣüͻ
ͬҶǸŹ˾˼ȥ˾˼ɫ̫ÿȲҶС㵱ôңʲôͳ
Ӵ̲סЦˣҲὲͳ
˾˼Щ˼Ǽƣȷǲκͳġ˸ֵ˵ôô飿㶼ֵģ㣬һҪãҶҶһҪгҶ磬ôҹ˸磿
Сôеģ͵ͻȻģԵ裬ΰ
ʲôεģ
˾˼ˣĸôˣŶôһһҶģԺˣҵĶţ
ţЩˣù˾˼ͬЩúúãԺҲвУ
ҲܽС˾˼ýٷˣ
˾˼ЦãôܹЩĪ¶ôƺʲô
ƺ⣿˾˼ֱ׳ҵ棡
Уˣ̾˿֪ˣֹ¶ˣͷ˵ʹˡһôģ㲻𣿡
˾˼һŤͷȥҲǾԼ˵öˣ˵ȥҲӣͲٶ˵ˡ
Ź˾˼·ڼҶ˵ǰŸӣдһҶ֡ǰȥ̴ϳͬһѹ˾˼ģȥҶˡ
Ź˾˼˿ڣԭõ˿ڣ˿ѪӦǿʱѿˡЩΣʲôʱܸĸƢҺҶ硭ûڣ㿴˾˼Ѹɨæ˿ڣҶ̧ȥ̧ȥʲô
ղСʶ㡣˾˼°ͣ㶣ЩãȻôˣ
ҶҺ
˾˼￪ڣû˵ˣ˺þú˼ǲǡԴ˰
˾˼㶣ŵ˵ı㣬뷨̫ˡҲ˵ˣҲˡ
Цˣ̧ͷ˵Ķͷָȥʱͷ̣΢΢һ㶣˱ֵȴˣŸȡԣ˾˼֪Ĳº͵û¶ˡ
Ӧ̧Ķͷŵ˯һɡ
˾˼û˵㣬˵Լʲôо;Ů̫˼顣ôһ˼ҿеĴҹ㣬ŵСŮôܴô¾ˮƮôãڴ˿̻ţݵļͷһֻ֣Ҫ˻ڣȵĴ
رƽΪԼ޷ôķ꣬ˣŷ֣һбҪࡣ
˾ţҶСһ˹ҶѸС˼ĳǳظϹȥ
𣿡
ҶȷʣӦµ뺡
ǾͺáҶͷһǾ˵ѣˮʱȾ˲һһȥ档
˵ţҶóһһӵȻ·ȻױǵͨѾ˳ȥĶЩ
˵꣬Ҷ߳¹˾˼ˣЩѿ˾˼ִ̧ԱץһӣֱӰ۾ϵ㻻ɣҲῴġ
û˵һǰ۾ô·ҲЩѿ
Ҳûôʱ˷ѣҧҧڻǿʼ·
˾˼Աϸϸ֪ΪʲôԼ·øĺãֱܷʲô·˵ϡоЩȣŤͷȥװûð
һڣͻˣεš
Ů˾鷳
⻰ڣʱ˼֣Զ˼֣ϵϣҵҪȻ졣
˵ţ̧ץϵ۾ϵĴӣ·ӸԸ㡣
˵꣬תȥҶС˶棬Ҳµˣͳȥˡ˾˼Цһʼ·ɱ͵ҡ
ٲҪ
˾˼úܿ죬ûһͽ㣺ˡ
Ҷѯʵ½ˣ
ɡ
˾˼ֵҶӽʱѾ˶ˣ˾˼ˣûôû˹ͷһϡ
ЩΣƹ˾˼˾˼̧Ƥء
ΣֻܳҶǿЦŵء
Ҷͷȫû⣬ֻǵ˵˼ѣ˹ȥҲܶʲôֻǱڰУλ˺˳һ·˹
ɼҵˣ
æҶӦǰһ·ѲȥҹһҹЩƣˣֻ߸ûϸѲ飬ֻźһ·ӡ
˾˼˿˾˼Ĭãڵ֪Ҹ
Ҷҡҡͷδ˵Ϣ
˾˼ûٶ໰̧סֵ˿ûϢõϢ
˾˼͵Ӧһ
Ҷ̧ۿ˶һۣԥƬ̺ڵȻðҶĳѯʡ˼ҡΪͻȻд˴
˶û˵ͺشгԹǰϢ붯Ǵ뿪һ֪Ϣֻԭҹˡ
Ǳߵġ
Ҷ㶣Ƭ̺һϵǣΪٳҲ˵Ѿ˼Ǻģһֱͱǲһڶѡ
˵ţҶԣǿˣⱨ˼ң
ôΪ˾˼侲볤ԶЩأ
˾˼̧ͷҶԶһЩҪѣʵڶʹӵ֮ƣ˭˭Ӯ
ҶһشѧĶ˴治Ļ˵ڡȻ˾˼ȴֱԲ䣺Ӯ˻ῴһ·붫Ȼأ
ʦҳӣ˵ö֮
̧ۿҶˣ´ң޳͢ټ͡
˾˼Ա߶ˮһڣҶЩݣ̧ͷҶƽʱãȪʲô
ҶףǾǰױôꡣ
˿ѾȪͼȪıģֹǱ˼ңǱ˼ңôһӽȥ
׼Ϊ˼ҾĵеѪƽ˹˼ңʱٵˣ˭ָΥ棿˭ָҷ
ýǮǮóƳƳ
ô죿
Ҷһʱ벻ķӣ˫Ŀ˳Ź˾˼Ļȥ
֮ǰʮȻ֮ͬУһˣʲô
ǡҶԾ૳ҶҸô죿
ߡ
˾˼ڣҶ̧ۿŹ˾˼ЩãȻߣ
Ҫݣ˾˼ƽʮﶼԣݲС
ҶĬԣܿ˹˾˼˼
ȻУʮݴҵľƶ࣬ϾҪǮȪⲽȴࡣϾ߾ݸ궼˰ֻݵǮ˶
ⲻңҵǣݿǮȴ۱һȽ
Ҷһ̧ͷŶ˵ˣлָ㡣
̸ָϣ˾˼һұһ
˵ţһ˵˳ſڣҶ˳ȥ棬سǵ⿴͹˾˼һۣԼϼ룬ֱװͻ񼸺ԱȲҶָӣԷҲûڼ飬ҴҷС
֮Ҷ˾˼㰲һСԺȥ˴
Ƽ˾˼ˣæ˴ҹ
˿ڴú󣬴ͬǸһֱˣΣˣǸˣҲûд¡
㶣úǲ˻
Ĭһ̾˿׼°ɡ
˴סԱҶӦæС˳ȥ
ȴˣҶŵã࣬㲻̫ġ
һʱҲҶ˵ʲôֻǿԼҶ˵ͷҪȥҶȴ㻹ȥϢɣ㲻õȥôǿţҪ¶ġ
û¶ҡҡͷȥһеġ
㣬ҶڳˣôСôȰأ
ͷЩҶ˵ôصĻҶ̾˿ȴǵҿóСӾҪʲôҪҹͣǷҪУôţûôҺҵС˶ڣһչȺú˯һȥвУ
֪Ҷ˵ҲûƬ̣ڵٿɣһۣҾȥϢ
Ҷӽ
˾˼۾ƺƣ˰ȫĵطҲûǿڵĶ˶Ѹήȥ
ߣȥϢɣû¶𰾻Լ
ҺܿͺˡЩƣͺˣȻȥҵһôߣҲġ
áַ̧ǰͷº͵ͺˣҴȥҹ
˾˼û˵㾲Ƭ̣ǷĲ£ȥ˸ڣޱ˹ɴЪ䡣
ҶӣЩ㶣Ƭ̺Щεãҹһչ˹˴ӡ
Ҳڷ˯ǲá
ȻȴҡҡͷҾ˯䣬޷ġ
˵ţЩε˯ŷĲ¡
Ҷû˵Ƭ̺ڻǵ˵ͷ
˯棬ҶС˸˳ȥ˵ӣһԡ˯賿˾˼߽æۣŻŽڼȥͼҶڸͷҶҡҡͷСȥ˯ɣûʲô¶ˡ
㻹ڸʱãȻŴϵĹ˾˼ŵߡ㡭ߣ죡
˼֣߹ȥڴǰס˹˾˼֡
ûˣҲ֪Ϊʲôôۣ̾Ϣο˼ڣûˡ
Ҷš
֪ôǰˣоǷ·ǶγһС磬Ϸ˵η壬ӣǰĹͻȻ˼ۡ
һδȴʮڴĸ顣
ôһˣ棬벻
ͻȻôźã˾˼ȶҶ磬ȥϢɣ˯ˣչ
˵ţڴߣ֣º͵Ҳڣ˯ȡ


35 
ҶҲЩˣִ, Ҳ, ֻԼȥ˯¡
ڹ˾˼, , ôţ˾˼ҲͲҽ£˯ˡҲɴſڴߣСЪŹ˾˼
˾˼һȵڶˣԺѹͿڱ, ڰŶͷ˾˼ۿ, ʲôû˵, þú, ɳû˯ˣ
˯ء̧ͷЦЦ, Цһ, ͬ, ҺҶ, ҿûô
˾˼ƺǷЩ۾Ӧһ, æˮιˮѯʵҪҪԵʲô
С
ȥ˵
ҵϢ𣿡
ûأ㽫ӷһ, ҶݴϢˣ
˾˼˵ͷЩƣ
ȥ˾˼ʧȥǹɳȥ˿˿ڷۣĶĶۣ˾˼СɫţʼιࡣǰĹϸϸüۣĿ⣬Щ̧ͷ㿴ʲô
Ϳ㡣˾˼Цûƹ㡣
ɿһ仨
Ц˾˼ʵҲ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻãú˵ÿһϸڣ˳ʲôģԺ
ſţҲ֣˱ͼ̫࣬ǵʱ򣬾ﳤƽƽ棬Ͼ̫࣬Ƕ͢Ůӻ㼯֮˾ڹпЩСˣ˵ΣҲ벻ۡ
Ȼ˿ţȴŷԸ׾ǰһ˫ƯۣˮһϦĹƺˮϣôЩ˵ᡣüΪµģֻǴЩŮ۽ǼʱգſˣȻǺܺÿġ
ÿġ
ҲûڣЦŵͻȻ㳤ûԡ
Ȼ⻰Ů˿ĵģ̧ͷһۣһ˵С˼Ҷ˵ҳúÿ㡢Ư
ԭһֱĻô
˾˼ſھ㲻ˣ˻ȥȻȥҩҩָϻҩ
˾˼˶Ϣôã˶ࡣҩڵͷ󺹣ȴҲࡣ
Щ˸Сӣڹ˾˼ߣʼǵ̲һǮһѯ첻˵ʲôأ
룬˾˼˼ǣҵôˡ
ֶ˶٣һڵΣѾˡΪ˻ǣµġ
˾˼Ӧûľ̽ӣſڴߣͷˣԺɡ
Ժ󣿡
԰ЦеԺ󰡡ǵݣҪʼӪˣ˵ʱʲôã
˵ţŵɣ˵ʱǮ˼һû黨Ǯݣ˭Ǯ׬Щ
׬Ǯ׬Ǯ˾˼̲סЦˣ㶼Ǯȥˡ
⻰˵ģǲˣǮǿ֮㻨Ǯô࣬Ҳ׬㣬ô㻨
Ҳˣ˾˼̾˿ڷԾУҺġ
ˣ
ˡ

治ˡ˾˼ЦǮȻӻ޶ȣǮ磬ʲôλãʲôλõ¶֪
˾˼ô˵̾˿ͬ棬ȵǮֻҪˣȥչ鲻ʲô¶˼ϣǰһ߸һӡ
˾˼û˵עоͷʣʵˣ־ʳмû˼
ϾѾˣʲôأ
ɴ˿Ļ̲סΪʲô
ţ
Щף˾˼ǿЦʲôѾˣ㶼ڴˣֻݳʲô㲻ҪˣСҪˣ㣬˾˼˶٣ȴǵҼţǸıŮˡ
ôôɵ¶أ
ţúȴΪʲôڳʱϴأ
˾˼㶣ƽ¶ƢôŵûȻݳȥ̽ȷ㸸ĸΣǽ͵˴ϣȷҵƽΪʲôأ
ҵʱȥҲûʲôá˾˼ţֻǳ嶯ɵ㱾޹ˣ㻹ӣҵȷİΣҵΡ
ǲˣЦ˼ӣȥ㣬ҲҵΡ
ΪѧǣΪѧų嶯һЩʲôأ
˾˼û˵ǰϵۣҲ֪Ϊʲôʲôӿֳ
㡭ɳƿڣ̫ɵˡ
϶ˣ˵Ҫ룬ȴͷԷɡ
ɵȴǱУ˵ҪԻϲȴһͷҪŢ
ҶΪƣȴɵ
˾˼˵ʲôܣֻãŮ·Ʈ֮ʱֳֻѵģһӡԺ
вʲôȴ֪ĸ£Ը⽫һ
ԺҪдʲô飬ЦһסңΪҺãװװ¶ҡҲɵҪʲôҶ㣬Ұﲻ㣬ǾͰˡ
֪ˡ
˾˼ɫ棬ҺãҲõġ
˾˼û˵Ǿþú֣ӵ
Ҷ㻹á
Ժһá
ԺҲǮ£ʲôģҪҶ㣬һ㵱ھˣƽƽȣ˳˳һ
ҲˣһǸɷ򣬾ӣҲʧ
ţЦˡ
˼῿º͵ѾܺˣûӣҲûʧ
ǰܺãδֻǸöѡ
˾˼ֻҪù˾˼Ѻǻϲ


36 
˾˼ˣΣյʱ͹, ¼͸, Ҷǻݳ, ˾˼̽Ϣ
˾˼˹˰, źõòЩЩʱգǱ·İ˵ˡ
Ϣ˳˾˼ҩıۿʼ۵죬ȥʳ, ˼, ҷһ漷, С, ˼÷ζ, ûȥ
ò׼ȥ, ȴ֪Ѿˡ
֪, ֻ, ǵϽ˵ڶҵ̣׿֣߭, ڼ˽ȥ곤Ҳװ, ֻǽͬǰʳСҪʮףҲУ
Ӵ˶ԲסˣСЦһֻһ
Ǿһ
Ͽڡõ棬ڳܱ̣
ʱˣ˾˼ģüͷôˣ
¡
ͷɵû£ˣȥͬʳˡ
˵ţĴӣ˵ʳˡ
˾˼㶣̾˿ȴǵǽӽˡ
ϵġֱӵĿǶķһ·ͺˣϲѡ
ջᡣ˾˼˼ֵǣѣʱȻдûд̵ĵطȥϱѡ
û˵˾˼ЩȲˣҲ࣬ҶûϢұȥݳǴϢ
֪ס̾˿˵ͷʱͬһȥ
ãϣҶݳǻˡʣȥЩƣ
ҶȥЩƣɫ̫ã֮󣬹ϴţϣͬ͹˾˼˾˼ɺˣǺˣϽ·ɡ
ҵ
˾˼û˵꣬Ҷֹ̧סƽȥˣգ˼Ǯׯ𣬺̧һʬ壬ĶԼʬٵĽ
Ҷ˶٣ڻǵӦ㸸ס
⻰˾˼΢΢һΣһѷס̵ȷˣ
յòΡҶҡҡͷҲֻתҶ˵
ܵ
˾˼ɬܵڡǮׯ
һգȪȥѲ˼вҵ
˶˵˾˼˶ڲץ㣬ŬԼҪ޳
ǣԼʬףںδ
ȥׯˡ
˾˼ɫɷףҶ򴽣֣ѹʱıȪѾʼųиҸ֣˶ҪձǮеҶѺҸۡоٵļ壬ͨҲǽŲ鿴Ҹ׻ݳУҺܿҪȥҪȥݣҪϿ죬ʱһңϵԽԽ뿪
סһɳƵҶ磬лˣվߡ
ĲأѰأ
˾˼ͻȻڣǲѯʣȴֲòѯʣҶϣ
˼ѵҹҹӣѰҶˣֻĲ˳ȥȪҪҽĲ
˾˼ɬʲô
˵Ĳ˼ǣ̫ҹӣΪҶŭ˵ﻹ𣿣
ҪҶЦҪɱӺ˿ӵ³ˡ
˾˼Щҷʣȴˣأ
ҶĬˣ˾˼̧ͷץס㣬᣺ںδ
ȪһҪЮˡ
Ҷѿڣʱڲп̡
˾˼԰ɫͷֻǵ֪ˡ
˵ţתȥѵģеۣȥϢһ
ƺˡ
ȥʱǸһ緢ˣȴ˱ߵøѡֻͥԺ̨ףһ£æȥȴ˰֡
㣬¡
µġ֪ͬԼ˵ͬ˵ҳŵס¡
˵ţԼվ˷С
ҶŹ˾˼ֿһ㣬򴽵㣬֪һжýܣôˣúȰȰոϽߡϵԽԽ󡣡
أ̧ۿ˵ġҶЦЦȪҲҪˣ£Ҷңʲôѡ񣿡
Ƽľܣܻȥǲˡ
Ҷ硭Ļ㲻֪ΪʲôͻȻЩᣬоԼ·ǻصСʱվǰһɳƵúء
סҶЦЦ㣬úº͵ʵǰһֱΪһȢ㣬֪Ⱳӣž
㶣Ҷһչ乪ãԵٻᡣ
˵꣬Ҷɴת˴ţȥ
ͥԺվƬ̣ƽԼ飬תȥ߽˷
ûеƣûƼ˾˼ȴĺɫ߽ȥȻ󿴼
˾˼ڴߣţԼҧӣһ仰û˵
޵òӣһȴûг
ߵǰ˾˼ǱԼƺ֪˵ʲô飬ݴŲû£㲻˵ʲôû¶û¶
ȥݣǲ飬ﻹڵңҲҪͻȥû¶û¶
û˵վںҹעˣúȥſ˫ۣᱧ
˾˼΢΢һ㶣Ļްɡ
˾˼û˵㱧ҲЦ㡣
˾˼Ĭˣ;о͸ļͷ
һֱͷӡ
š
ûúýйһ
֪
ǾãҾңҾң˽ҡر࣬һֱһֱںŸɡ
Һˡ
˾˼޳ҺˣҸöһ㣬Ҳ
Ҷ鿼ҪгϢһ㣬ΪҺãһ죬һ䵽ء
˾˼ʲôãҵʲôã˭סһסһסĲҵĸףҵֵܣ˭ס
ΪҶѣڷˣڣһȪ˾˼ϢţţŭţһڶʹڲˣҺˣҵټɥɥңǱˡ
˾˼ʹ۾˵㻳û˵ֻͷ䣬˺ѷεĿһԲ
Һ˾˼ޣҺ
˼ҧ㺦ģȪǱ£ЩΪԼȨֶΣյϵˡ
û
ӣǣܳͷǣ㲻ܽǵĹԼϣͷԼûκá
˾˼ȥͷбϣ޵òӣӣȥ˼
˾˼ûȥȴδţԼͷţȥųǱ
ⷬģ
Ĺ˾˼Զʵĥͼݻ
籦ʯһ꣬˿̱⸱ģ
ЩɬŤͷȥҿɳƵ
˾˼û޿̣͵ػͷŭȵ


37 
BGMԶĳ̳أ
˾˼Ŀֹסˣ㿴ŵϵ, ߳ȳڿʲôã, ܻĲܻԼ, , һиı䣿˾˼ûã
Ҫǰʣ㻹ңǰߣǰ˵ڶԲ𹫹, أȥ, ȥ, ҪԺ, ˵һ, , ûкúöԴ, Դ𣿣
Ҫȥ, һץסӣֱ, ҪıʲôҪȡʲôҪõʲô, 㶼ÿԼ˾˼һ·ţʲô
˾˼û˵㣬þúͻȻ֣͵ر㡣
ʲôû˵ֻǱ۾ʣ΢ȥ
ã˾˼ȣվŹ˾˼
˾˼ˮɾ˾˼ʱڻþúȴǵݡ
˶֣úͷӦһ
ȥˮڻǵȥ𣿡
ǡ
˾˼תͷ⣬Ƶȥͱ𡣡
ԸģܴҲȫҡѡ·Ȼܱ
û˵þú̾Ϣҵģǰɣ
˾˼ɳƣӦǴԼĸ׳ӣúĸףȻˡ
ɵ˾˼Цţ̫ɵˡ
㾲ȥס֡
Ϲ˾˼ûô˯һֱ˵ʻ˵ĲͳѰ˵Сʱ
֪ôģ棬ϸϸЩ˶һ顣ǵúڵһμĲʱǸСϴ·˶ջЦǵ
ڶϣױ˺ӣԭò󣬹˾˼һ£Ȼͬһȥݡ
ݳǣ˾˼ȥԭĲľ¥һ̳ϲЦ磬Ȼͬһȵ˴ſڡ
ȪҪȫǵ˳̣ǽѾˣȵʱ򣬹˾˼ͿĲ
Ǹ죬峿ˣȴݳϣĲһվż
ɫ̫ãȥЩ㲣ȴһŰˣЦӴôУĳҲǷͬˡ
ڳûκҵūȺĲŲпȥڳûһԴһһӶ˶עĿһ޷˵Ӣۡ
ĲƺҲ£е·߸
͹˾˼һֱͷţǻȺ·ͬǲνһϤӡ
ƺ֮ˮ
廨ǧã
鵶ˮˮٱ
ŭƾѴЪ̧Զ
һ·ܱ߿죬µŵʱѲٳЩʫʣƽͷһЩ̫صʫ
ˣտࣻտࡣ
ܱһȦΧˣ˿ֹȪϷĲС
ĲкԱһŹ˾˼Ц磬͵ĲǰĲǾƣ㶣Ƭ̺Ц̽ͷȥڴڽƺ£ȺƺȪĲɻл˵
С
Ĳ̧ͷˣƺѰ˭ȻĿ͹˾˼ϣֻǴҴһɨƿĲΪ֮£޹ءԼ£ɵһ֪ˮΣȥη͵ñŹȥ˭п˭Ӳ
Ըùǧ䣬Ĳʣºʿ㻶ա
⻰˵ڳ˶ۿ
˾˼;ʲôû˵һҹʹ֮һֳ侲ĿλС飬ЦȻ䣬ͷ䵽ϣѪӿһء
δһ̵̣֪ʲô
Ҳδһ̣ôеףԸùǧ䣬ǺεֿԸ
ŵô˾䣬ֻ֮ϺȻţȴǾãֶ׶Ĵ̹ǵۡ
£ܱҲʼɢȥ˿ʬڰһֱվš
ֱܱûˣŴˢĲѪǰȥ˵ϣѪϡ
Աţ˾˼Ѫˮ͸ơ
ĲڳúȥɣԸһʵ֡
Ըùǧ䣬ºʿ㻶ա
˾˼ڵϣͷȻվץ֣ͷҲصˡ
󣬹˾˼ƽǺܻ뿪ݳǡݳ⣬µ
Ϊ˼ˮ뿪ģȪǿ˴ֻܣҪµĹٸļˮ·͹˾˼ɴˮ·뷨Ϊ½·
ǰͣ棬óǡ˿ǻ˾˼͸һԵĳѧθ
ѧÿ죬ǵһǣѾѧòࡣ
ڳסһҹס޷ûȥǻʳȴǸࡣݵʱ򣬹˾˼üôˣ
ԷǮôȥǵݡ
˾˼㶣򴽵ܽʡľͶʡһЩɡ
Ҳֻˡ̾Ϣ
˾˼ͷҹ˯һ𣬹˾˼㲻֪˯˻ţ룬վ֣ӱסЩǵѹ˵š
ûµġ˾˼ġ
˼ͷıϣɬҺܺ¡
˾˼û˵ҹʵ֪ںµʲô˵˺þúڲŵ㣬ҲǲޡֻͻȻͿ޲ˡ
ҹɫľһӣܸó㲻õģҴš
ֻǳ˰ɡ
⻰̲ס˹˾˼
һӲ󣬶һӶǰһҷӵܣ˵ԣĿˣá
Ҫá
ޣȴ޲ҧأ뾪
˾˼֪תȥ˻̾Ϣ
㣬ЩᣬȴǵȻʵĥҲá㲻ΪѹⱲӣܻᾭ¶ҼǵǵĺãҾʵ͹ˡ
ʵĲ˵òˮ飬ķƽ˾ҡˣǻɡ
˾˼۾ЩʹΪʹ࣬Ⱳӣپڶˡ
ס
ס
һֱûз֡㲻֪ůǽһůʯůԼ
ڶϣ˾˼ڳǵ̲Ȼ٣㲻֪ǰҶԡ˾˼æŸ·Ǿιһڣһڡ
ǳ˻ϣ̤ݵءݺ֮䣬ݺͲݣ̤֮ԾͲ̫ԣ񵽴УȺ·ϡһ죬ſһǳأ˾˼һǣ˵̵ļ۸󣬷ÿһҵ̵ļ۸񶼸ߵ档͹˾˼˼Ƭ̺󣬾һ˯͵˼ͷ˾˼̸ͬŵô񣬶Ǵ̹𣿡
д̵ģҲвġ
ݣ˾˼üԷͷ԰ݣݴ󺵣ָ˴̣͢Ҳܲˣ񣬰
̾˿˾˼û˵ͷһ˳̾Ϣ·ԽԽˡ
Ҳûӡ
üܱҲûʲôˣֻȥ
˾˼˵ͷûٶ໰
漸գԽӽݣԽࡣ
ֵϾһЩƴ׷֡
͹˾˼ҸʳһŮҪúˣǰ˾˼ûа취ţ˳ȥŭ֣
ԷŸӣѾû˰ɫ㣬ɳˣҵĺӲ꣬кðɡ
΢΢ǰˣ뿪ڴӦˣȻҲʱǰһ̵ͻȻӳͷ
˳ȥͿЩһ㣬˹ȥվǰĸֻǸֵ꣬ͷˣ̰᣿
ЩȫûĻԽԽ˳ȥƷ걻ק˰·Ȼûм䡣
ʹ۾
˾˼Ҳٿ
Ƕ̫ƣǰڴˣﻹʲô߿ԣ
ЩǶ˵Ұޣһʾһӵϣﻹаֻ·
㽫ݸ˾˼ɳ˰Ĵȡ
˾˼ס
䣬Ůȥ˾˼͵ذγ߳ȳҪ͹
Ůӱ˿Ź˾˼ĵþú󣬴ɢȥó·
Ϣؿڷš
ģ
㱾ԴǸˣһ£Ǵ
ϣ͹˾˼˯ȥһҿջջ󣬹öʳҹجΣμǸŮ˵ĺ۴ޣſûϢźӣѪᣬ˻ߵ㺦Ҷ㺦Ҷ
žѣ˾˼һѱ˻
Ī£˾˼㣬Ī¡
㼱ٴϢţ̧ͷŹ˾˼ҵμŮˡ
ˡˡ
㣡˾˼һȣסˣŹ˾˼ð죬ᱼӿ
Բ𡭡
ʹ޳Ҳ֪ôˣҡԲ𡭡
Լ֪Լڶ˭˵ԲҲ֪Լڿʲô˾˼ȴҲûʡǿޣͻҵòУæͷͷϣû£㣬ڣ˭˺㡣ء
侲Ź˾˼һԲ
úɳҪˡȥĿ̫ˡ
˾˼˼
Ӧһ
ȵڶգǾͽˡûӣʳ˾˼һƣϣԱʱ֮衣
ͿʼǨơαװú޶£һ·ߺ͸Ҫá
һ룬Ǳ㷢ԽԽ٣̫ԽԽ洦ɼǸѵء
ݵĳǳѾýˣǱһ𣬴ڳ档ҹ䣬ǻ࿿һȡůͺţʲôʱߵݣߵˣҪʲô
ˣþû⣬һֱţ뿪¥ϰ壬ÿ춼ȥԺóԵġ
Զ⡢ǴＹŶ
ʵһϲڣһصĳӡ
˾˼߶ҲȻȴҶ˯ˣĴӻһСݸ㡣
űҪָƴСı˾˼ҡҡͷҳԹˣ԰ɡ
㲻ţҶûԣôͳԹˣ
˾˼ЦˣĳԵģ̫ˣûƼ
̧ͷ㵱ɵء
˵ţֳ룬һһ롣
˲ҳ̫죬ССҧš
Ǻҹղҹ죬һĪİ
㿿Ź˾˼յǣ׽ıѾöûˡ
ǰ
ԥСʱû¶ر𰮿ǡҾͺ֪סɣǹȥˡǰиܵܡ
ͻȻڣ˾˼Щ⣬ţһȻأ
ûˡ
̾˿˵ûģܾҵġ
ʵҺ檵ˣ˵ţͻȻʲôæ͵ҲƶʣҾǾãɸףʱܱסլŮˣĺ̫ˡ
İɡ˾˼ЦҲʲô檵ġ
Ҳаʶڣһ÷ųԣô죿
˾˼죬̲סȻǶһ㣬δõġ
Ц˾˼ЩˣûϣڱƲңҵݣȥıְλպһҳʲôͳʲô
Ҿ֪԰
֪Ǯ
㿿Ź˾˼˵;øˡ˾ĬһͻȻ˵˵ǵһ̣ʱһһˮ𣿡
˾˼㶣̾˿ôʳ⣬ҡ
Ҳ֪˾˼ڣ㶣Ҳ֪ΪʲôôܣȴġȻ˾˼ŵǣҲҪһˮһ㣬һϣܽԣѪȣƴҲҪݡ
Ī⡣˾˼̧ۿǰǺ׵ģһӣǲǾأ
Ҳ֪
תͷЦЦֻеһ̣Ż֪ˡҲȷ飬ⱲӶŵ㡣
ҴӦľͻһ㣬ɷġ


38 
˯ڳǳ棬ûþ˿, ͵ؾ, ˾˼һס, ס, û˵ȴԭҰһŮӱһӺޣһ˺һŮ˴š
ܱľȻţЩǴ
΢΢ƺ֪ʲôǸŭźң״ң
ǸŮȴץס˴ӣζϷ֡
һˣ
ŮӴһϣžͻῪ, ˳ǹٸͻ, һ϶Ȳ𣡡
ŲῪˣ
ӴǴǸϹ, Ǿ, һֱûп, ҲῪô, ôҿ
ô졭
ʳǸϹİ, ǲ, ô죿
ܱҺץס˾˼ӣ˰, źۼȥ
һѯʺܿ˴𰸣ǸӲһǸŮӵĿڴǸŮ˵ڵҲʱ, ееĵ¡еޡܱ˷ǿ˳ȥһƬ˾˼ץס㣬Զȥ
ܱ鶼ˣҰͱ·ǻᴫȾһ㣬ˣѸپϯܱߵˡ
˾˼ˣֻƿߵˣ㣬ǰС
Ȼ֪˭ͻȻһ䣺ʳ
˳Ź˾˼㿴˹˴ҸղſǳԱˣʳ
ЩѾͷ͹񣬹˾˼ȷ̫ˡȻ㲣㱥Բǳڼӡ
㿴һ˫˫һ۾˶ڶ˾˼ս˵侲ڣô
Ȼȴǣûһǰ˫š˾˼֪˿ˣκʾһһǰͻ񵱳Ǹһ䵽ľء
κˣȥͷ
ʵҲ¡
ôˡ
ٴǺѹѹʿʱ£¡ΪѹѹµΪ
ǲǾӡ
ǰգǱ˱Ƶ·İա
Ǵ
ֻţֻþȫҪץסĻᡣеֻҪεҲΪսߵ£ڴ֮ǰǾǵɱ⽫һϴһӶ޷ȴجΡ
߰εΥȥе֪
ֻһˣҲͰˣվ㣬ӡ
ս˵ǽ֡
ʱһͻȻ˳Ӳߴ˵˾˼ǰŷͷӣҰɣһˣˣϾͲˣһ·ɡ
˾˼㶡
Ҳʱ͵˹
е
ǰѵǶСʱһѵǾһгŹ˾˼˾˼һŽ߿ʱܱ˶ӿڹ˾˼Աקȥİ˾˼ҶɱˣŬܱ߿
̫ˣ̫ˡ
飬ǲһУ㱻һڶϣڻİһץߣѽӲĴܱ˾гǱ棡
˳ȥûаɡ
УǺεĶ
ǻУʣûĺۣû˹˼ɣƴ˾˼ٴгͱ޿̣˵
Ѫɽܱ߾гһƬ
˾˼նˣһֻ㣬һŵˣŭȵ
û˸ǰ˾˼ץ㣬һһԶȥˣȾѪޡ
ᣬ˶ڲΨһ֧ţΨһֿһеԴֻץ֡
עǣ߳ȥ
˹Ȼ˾˼ȴʮָɾ䣬ͷͽ˿ڵأݵ֣֪˭ǲǵû˸͵ϮǣȥʧҹȻһֵĺʼ
ȿˣ˾˼ץڹٵϣһ·ܣǸͣЪоƺ׷źˮޡ
ǿ˾ͺ£ܵܲˣͿʼߡһ仰û˵ĵĻ̿֡𾪣дȾš
̫ߵ·ѾûӰ֮ǰˣǴӲݱϷߣȴߣȻԽԽ١
Ǻƣǲͣ²ӣЩ֧ǵģһޱȼᶨ
Ҫȥݡ
ݣǻԼˣڵȴǡ
Ź˾˼֣ڻ̵ĵ·ϡǾһֱߣһֱߡ
ԽԽ٣ԵҲԽԽ٣Ǵһ٣һһ١˾˯ҸطŴ˯£ǱϣѾˡ
ûİǵʳǰܹ˳ײһ·ϣǿݣܳԵģŬȥ
ˮԴһҪŬˮȻѹ˾˼ľװ
ͷԽˮԴļʱԽ
ͷһμһȥûб߼ʵĻûвݡûݿյģطһѹȥ
ȵµ㣬һ˯º󣬹˾˼ѲŵøϽˮȻ˰ҪιԵġ
Ȼڴ򿪰ʱ򣬹˾˼ȷ֣ʣµʳԶΪҪࡣ
㶣ŷӦ
ЩıӦٳʣµġоЩɬ˵ʲôоҲ룬æ˱˵ˮ֮ιȥ
ʱҲ˲ʲôǲǣֻţûȥΣûȥ
Ϊ˳Եģͱʼߡϵ¶ȺܸߣЬѾˣоƤĥƵʹͣ¡
һֱǰţȵ磬תſϣ۾о¶ȣܱߵĳɳƵ˼
˾˼㶣˵ˣ
ôˣ
ûʲôоȫģ˾˼ƺº͵ղιȥˡ
Ǹ
˵ʲôǸ˾˼ЦţЩƣñǸҲŶԡ
û˵˾˼ŬҪһ㣬ȴǿƲסĵʹѿ
Ҹ㷢ûôԶġƺɣȴ˿ǻҸ֪ġ
ûµġſϣЩԸġ
Ըʲô˾˼Щ
оۣ̫ˡ
ʳġڣһԣݡٳԵ㣬ܶԵ㡣ˣһٳżգȵʱһ·ʳûˣҪûҵˮͷҵѪȡ
˵˵ʲô
˾˼ŭȳʵµģµ뷨ɵ˵ʱ̲סŭ룡˾˼ҾˣҲ¡Ҹ㣬ҪһҪһҪˣҲȥˣʲôطȥˣҾ
˾˼˵ţ
ΪԼˣΪԼɳˣȴ֣ԶĲ̡
ʧȥףʧȥѣҪʧȥ㡣
ʧȥһ㣬ţţΪԼȥȥ
үóѡ
ԲᣬһΪѡ
֪㻹˾˼ųﻹݵ㣬ΨһŮûˣô죿ҲչģˣҲһĹεˣҲΣһһҾԸ
ûмֵ˾˼ૣ㣬ûţһҪţ֪𣿡
㲻
ˡˡ
˾˼̧ͷҰ
Ҫˡô죿
벻
ŵͷԲܡ
ȻӦˡ
ʶѾûſڵ
ſıϣˣִıһһǰߡ
֪ʲô;ģûͣ¡
ǳԹʳʣ°ˮңʱѾûʲôóԵˣǹ˾˼ͺһţÿһһˮǿά档
ٽֻʣһʱ˾˼֧Ųסˤȥ
ѹʱѾҹˣ㾲ţæȥȥ̽ıϢıϢ΢˾˼ȴ˿
ȥ㱧սֱۣأ
㣬ɳƳһҪҡ
ϣҵûţ֪֪
㲻
ʵᣬеܺһ㡣
ȻѾûˡ
ˮֵȱҲ˼ޡ
̧ͷǻ̫֪ȥ㶼Ҫ
ҧҧóԼơ
ʺѪס򦣬ȫ
Щպʹϣ˾˼˿ڿҪסæ˱˿ϣһѪȻϵѪ飬ͷȥϡϡ
Ǳûа컵һǣȻһ·ʱԾɸе˷µĲ
æ˿ϲ֪ѪɫĴģ˼Ѫɫ
±ǰȥʵҲѾûǱǸȴ
һ뵽ˣҪµҪ
ֻһֱţ˵ĻҰϣһֱߣһֱߡ
߹ҹڼһɫˡ
ǰȥ㿴˽籮
籮Ѿ֣ݡ
˾˼֣΢΢
ˡɳƳ㡭ǵˡ
лҪ˵
С糡
ߣڳƱ͹˾˼
īףԡ
ߣһڡ
īף
ߣ
īףˣ𣿣
ߣ
īףţ̰ţٿƼٷչɻ˾˼ɻСʱִףҪҪټһˮףһɴ
ߣղھ˿
īףƨӣ


39 
ˡ
㱼˹˾˼ЩãȻˣܵظ, ǡ
۾, ˡݡ֡

ȻȻŵݣ
˼ǿ, ˾˼, æ㣬ڣ
ˡ
ˣ˾˼ǵˣ
á
۾΢ǿԼˡ
˾˼˵ʲôζֻٸнδй˸ӵĸоϲ, ʹϣ, , һһݵһǳ¹ȥ, ʵ¹ǻ·, ɹ˾˼ȴϣ
ߵ, һߵꡣ
Ѿ߹ô·, Ѿ̤ô̵ĵ, ݾǰô߲꣡
Ȼ뷦ȴ˫Ȳ, ҧǰţûм·ٶ, ˽͵ͣϲ˼
˾˼͵̧ͷϵǣƬ̣ϲ֣
㡣
ǸϽһѷסҡҡ׹Ĺ˾˼ﵽѰң֮£˶෬²׶ݹӣ¹ſǻ˰ˡ
⻰˾˼ĴΪж뿪˵ЩʲôȻǣ·ڰ浽˱˰֧־ɢȥǿһЦֱ˹ȥ
ȹ˾˼ٴʱѾ˯Ĵϣæ㣿
𼱣ǵ洫࣬˹˾˼ߣ˾˼ߵһ䣬̫飬Ѿôץҩڻ˯š
⻰˾˼˿վæȥ
ʲôסúԸɣϵ˿ɱضˡ
û£˾˼ڰֻ֣ǵû¶ɣ
ûʲô¶һԪ𣬴˵ҪӣҪüˡ
˾˼סˣ˵ţЩĿ˹˾˼һۣƬ̣ǵ˼ȻǼ治࣬Ҳǽǳǽ㵱ֵܵġ
лֱ˵˾˼ʲôݣھ˼Уֱֳûʲô˵ġ
ԥƬ̣̾һǵǸùҲᣬ߹ӵ¶żúô
˾˼һ룬ǵ˼Ϊһʱ޷У޵ͷ
޺ޡ
˾˼ЩЦãεֽʲôˣ빲ǺС£ʲôҪģ˲ǣԸԸͬһⱲΣǲṼġ
أЩۣΪ־ͷˡ
˾˼ǵĻÿһ仰˵һ㶡
䡰ءһʱ˼ãȻ
Ҳ֪ԼãȻЩʲô⻰ûģȴܾãô㶫Щζ
࣬˶ҩֱҩ˾˼࣬ȥ㡣
ǽǴ¹ǣҲ˼ұţЩ¸·
˾˼Ǽ壬㽫ֳ嶯ѹȥ
嵽ķ䣬ѾˣССںࡣʵˣǺͽһסںĳ嶯
˾˼վſڣɫɢССں࣬ƽܱ߹һõͼƺõġƽġһֱ
˾˼ûҾʹվڱϣ࣬ŷֹ˾˼̧ͷվſڵꡣ
һ£ͷЦЦˡ
ôһ仰˾˼;Щᣬǰȥǰͷȱߡ
̧ͷʲô
Żˡ
ɳƵ㻹ڣúõģ̫ˡ
û˵ͷĿ¶¶ֱϣ˺ۣΪιѪ˿ڡ
Ŀ˿ϣЩסˡ
ЩƬԺΪΣȴЩˡ
˾˼þò˵˳߿ȥ֪ڿʲôʶȴסӣ˿ڡ
˾˼Щѿתͷȥ˼û¡
ָ˿ϣָŮе۹⻬ڹ˾˼˿ϣ̲ס˲һ˵˿һ·ȻܵУ˽ԭأ񲻵ô
˾˼µģŵĸо̫ˣİòֲֶңѯʣˣȴûκϢȫ֪Ӧֻš
ôˡ
ָ⣬״ʲôôô
˵һĸоᣬôССϲȴ£Щѿȫ֪
𻰣̧ô
ι˾˼ˣæջȥͷˡ
ΪǾ˿ڱԼ֣ЩѿҲ֪˵ʲô
úЦ֮ǰ᲻һˮң˵ҪѪιң㵱ˡ
˾˼⻰̧ۿ࣬Цŵ仰ʱǲΪѾ˰һҵ׼
򴽣ûд𻰣תͷȥȴֻǵãǶͦˡ
˾˼ûӻ㡣
һ·֪࣬ǲΪݵĹϵ˷·ͻȻǷ˳ֳһԼ֮Ȼ˿ƤЩƣȴѾǳͣǹӾº겻ߵļ͸кһüһ֮һ𣬸Ƕ˵ζ
ƺͻȻ֮䣬˴һŮһŮӵת䣬ӹɰ
ȱݵµģ˾˼󵽣ٳɳЩ˵Ĺ⻪
ô㣬ҲǲתͷŹ˾˼ɵЦˣǶɵ˵һҪʮ䣬ôճƺ«ʲô˵ˣ
˾˼ЦЩ˼ԼľŤͷȥЦŵҲ֪˵ʲô
أ
Ǿûͦˣ˾˼Ц˿࣬ȴֻţһ·̫ˡ
㾲˾˼Ŀתϣ̾˿㲻֪ЩӣжѰ
˾˼Ļɫ΢˺þúڲŵʵ㱾ɶҵġ
˾˼üͷ㴹㣬ʵһֽԼǿдһĹϵθǵҲͰˣȥˣʵҲ̫ģЩʱգҸƯıˡ
˾˼ţҲ֪ôģ;ƵûšŴҲ֪ԼʸʲôֻǵʵҲ˵ġ
أ˾˼̲סڣ˼ԵˣҸ˼˾ˡʱҸҺÿҶãǰ;ģֻʲô
˵ʲô
̧ͷһҸǰ;ĵҲܣҸ㻹úõģȥң
׼õһϯȫ˾˼㣬Щ¡ѧ˾书ȴֶԷ˲˵С
Цˣɷ򣬼޼漦޹湷ȻҪġ
˾˼⻰վ͸ˡǲ֪Ϊʲôţȴ˼˵ıơ
ԸҲ벻Ϊʲôɴ಻˵⻰ȥ˱ӣѯʣҩô
źˡ
˯һ˵ţ£ϸĺãȥ˯ˡ
˾˼ס˾˼ͣϿգŹЦŵ۵˵ûľôѣ
˾˼û˵һŵʱʲô
ˣ
Ϊʲôˣ
׷ʣ˾˼һۣڵˣĶҸ㣿
仰Цˣſȥ˯ɡ
˾˼ԼгƿĸоҲ벻ףתͷ˳ȥȥûͻȻ˻ЩĪǷޣǷַ˯Ǽ˼
㶣Ϳ˾˼˻ϼȥ˵ȥ㡣
Ҳ֪ôô󣬾Ц˯һ㣬˾˼۾ͬˣ˯ˡ
㾲ţʵ֪˾˼ǷĲۻˣЦűۡ
úҸ
ֻ֪˯žиҪԼһˣѾ㹻Ҹ
˯һҹڶ˾˼һţͿһվſڡ
˾˼Щֵ֣
˼̾˿Ȼ֪ǻЩ㶼ŸոջԪ𣬻һʱΪá
˾˼µģãͦõİóԵĶˣ˯Ҳܺã򿪵ҩҶȥˡ
Ҳ˵Ź˾˼ЩݣЩΪҲ˵̫ףͿˡ
˾˼ʾԼ᲻ˡ
ĬƬ̣ƺں¶ڵ֣˼ʿˮͬЩֱ˵˵ףֱ˵ɣʲô
û뵽˾˼һϷ˱ԼֱӣʵҲδ飬඼žӪ˺˵˵˰죬ŵ㡭ջͬǲǼЩ
˾˼΢΢һ㶣͵طӦ
ȻûԹҲܰ
ʱͨ죬ƽͷһоΣ޲øϽҸطȥ
֪ôǽͣܲ˵ûͬ
˰죬ڵֲصǣֻǵӣδδ
ǣЩ֣ôͬԸţҲ˰
ͷġ˾˼˵ˡ
Ҳ֪Լôˣһ˵⻰Ķߵӡ
òٺȥԽԽ֣ɴ֣¶ˡ
˵꣬һ뿪ֿŹ˾˼ıӰ˰ڲŵ˻ˣƤ
룬ڣϷ˾Ƥ


40 
˾˼˷ˮá
ȶ˼֮, Լˡ
ǳɻ, ͷһͬ˵֮¶--ϵ, ʵʵڷϵ¶֪, Լӡ
δͬӣͬһӡ
Ӳȥ˼Щ⣬ΪһֱţһҪֵġȵһ죬ھ˵λãõԼõһУλ, Ҳܽ, һ, ͬ˵õġ
Ȼ֪, Լĺ, ʵ˶δûʲô, ûҪһ, Ҳ֪, ҪͬһӣǲҸġ
һʼҲһҸ·ȥߡ, ޸һӵ뷨ΪϲΪ;, һˣ͵øǸһӣ˵ļ޼漦޹湷Ǹ˲˾˼ֻҪˣ뿪
ȻĻܸҸ
ܵġ
ĵϣһܼ޸һԸϲˣܵõԸϲĶ
ԴһʼȰ˵ΪԸҲΪ
Ȼȴ˱仯ѾãǺһҲǲԡ
ٶԣ޷ʧȥģ
һӣͱȥЩ£δ뺢ӡ
һԼҪٰЩȥɥЩʱ򣬱Ͼкܳܳʱ䣬ȥ˼⡣
Լվˮǰ侲̧Ĩһתȥݡ
ڴϣ·һһҲˣܹͬ˵Ͻ̻Ҳ֪ˡ
š˾˼Ӧȥͬ˵ձ̰ɡ
ҹ˾˼˵¶Ҳ½⣬˵ͷͬ˾˼һЩ¶Ҫ¹ǣҵȻȥɡ
лˡ
Լú󣬵ȵڶգǱŹ˾˼
һ·գȴ֮ǰµ·̺̫ࡣ
˱гԵģкȵġҲࡣ
ݺ棬һֱĴ˾˼ͬǽ飬·Ͼһһжš
ȸ˼ͨţ˾˼سǵգһ˳ſڣų̽ͷ⿴
ݺݲͬȣǴСϪһ˵ľ½Ǵ󿪴ϵĹ񹤣ܱľһñֱ죬ҶȴǼϡ٣ȫûֵ⡣
ݵжˬ˵һ·ƼϹȥЦǧߵĲݽȻͬ
ǰ˺ţԶƼǣţ
˾˼̧ͷ̧վԶĽЦЦǺá
ͣ㼤˳ǰ
ᣬŮܵԼǰһѱסԼ
Сʱã¶󣬱һֱӣ¶ʱ򣿿ɼǸ˼ˡ
ıűӵͺãͺá
㣬ﺬЦתͷ˾˼
һ£ͷϰ˲ڡ࣬ƺϳ˼֡ѵǣԭӣվڽǰºͣһˡ
᲻֪ΪʲôĹ˾˼ЩᣬȴҪǿԼЦſŹ˾˼񣬳ȵĸס
ǿЦţӵ²ôѧЩˣ
ǰ˵ûΣ˾˼ЦŵţҲóˡҲ֪˸ôȴЩѧˡ
ҲǺ¡
ûʹʻ˹˾˼ĻͷܱãҲܸˡˣ˵ˣǰɣѾ׼˷ˣ͵ǻˡ
˵ţһк͹˾˼ȥ
˼µլӣõĵضΣſڣ֪ǹ˼ҵķլԭǸʿ˽԰ֵɫˮԴĵضΣԺ޽ˮ鿡
͹˾˼վſڣ裬ܽðմˮĴͷϡϡ
ʽһĪķɸУ·ʾһֻĽһոĿʼ
һڻЦ͹˾˼ƼһϤףͬ˾˼кһٷˡӡһ˲֮䣬˶һַ·ݵĴ
˾˼ס̧֣ͷ˾˼ЦЦȴǵʱߣ̫ˡ
˻˲ٲˡ͹ȥȻǲܱȽϣǶڸովֻĵ˵ֱǴ͡
һ˷Ц˵ûκһʻַ·һɣ˭Ҷ˵ʲô
ʱ򣬻ʡ࣬ŷ˶˳ȥ˾˼üͷţҲЩܡ
׹ʳ󣬿ʳﱻộۡ
̾˿ס˵ԵĶҲ𵹵ûҪˣҪͷֳȥɡ
ǶһۣӦǡ
˶ˣ˿ڲ裬ԥƬ̣ڻǵ¹Σ
˾˼Կһۣ˾˼ЦЦпɰɡ
Щʲô˵ɡ
֪ǷЩʲôգ˾˼Ȼ׵ģһһʮ˵ȻҲ֪Լôˣſڣȴʲô˵ú̵һȥȵңȻûȳһѻ𡭡ȥˡ
ţϺ򶨣ƺ⣬Ȼʱ˶ɫɳƣأ
ˮ·вͨǾ½·ݺ֣սң·ߵóЩ
˾˼赭д˵ǾЩʲô֪ӹ˾˼ӦʲʲôˣҲû˵͹˾˼˼䣬ȥˡ
֮󣬽Ŀϡ
Σƽ͵˵ɡ
ûһһʮԼŶ˵
һʼͣס˾˼Ƥݸʱ̣Ͳסץסʱ򣬳ŵܿˡܿˡ
û¶ģ̾˿ܻŻǲˡ
ͷҪĴ𰸣Ҳ㺮Ѽ󣬱ط
Լķ䣬˾˼ڿ飬ݵһ濴飬һͬҵˣ
ˡױ̨ǰжΣοſȥ򶨣Ҳ̫ġ
أ
˾˼Цﲻ֪ˡ
ӵֶ˶٣Ƭ̺ƺЩε˯ɡ
ȵڶ磬ȥҽϤ˾˼Ҳȥˡ
ѾЩʱգҲܹ֮ӣæչЩܹǸˣǵһֱšֻܹӱϾޣҲû鷳
⻰Щ죺ܹܽĶӣݡ
͹˾˼һۣ˵ȴ֪
ܸݶ֣Ķݵؽ磬˵ϻ
ῴǵɻĽݷ¶̹أڶʹǸصˣ˾ְܸʱˣ¶Ҳǰ첻˵ġ
͹˾˼ͷȻҲҪġĵԭʵǣܹӵλЩΡ
˵
ܸʵӡ
⻰͹˾˼˵ˣҲǲ죬Ž͵ܷԭһɷģ˵һλܷͬһң·ٷȥˡܴ·ĸӣʱܴ˻ûȢޣվ飬ͳסܹȻܣܸӣȴãݲûʲôְһֱ⡣ֻżҪ⣬Ҳ졣
ǲʻĶӣܷ˾ȻǸɷŮˣܴŸӼ޸ܸʣҲֶηǳˡ
¶˵ֱǵ߸ȥ֪
ʵ¶ˣΨһǵľ¥ûõҵ˵̫࣬ǵ黹ŶӡҴȥȥʣʲô
ȥɡ
æڣͷ˾˼˾˼ȴǵұ㲻ȥˣڼҵϢɡ
û뵽˾˼ô˵Ϊ˾˼ȥ
˲죬Ӧ
ȵڶ죬ͬȥ˾˼ϢһһЩ߳˹˸
˾˼һ۾Ϳܱߵ
еһС֣С㶣˾˼ɴԼߵǰִϥϣСؤСֵܣиСæҪæ֪ɷ񣿡
˵ţ˾˼ȡСһӣæӷԸ
ȥҼˣ˾˼˼ŵʮÿؽһлǡ


41 
˾˼СȥʱŽᵽ˸á
ſѹѹȫ, , ˵Ϸ, СﲻŮ, Ů˵ҲִûаŤɬȥ߹˽ġ
ŶӣЩᵹСԱһȹŮվǰ棬תͷ, ͬҲͬٸ֤ģ
ǰЦ, ͬȹŮӴǴĶ
Ҵ, ҷ, ͺá
, ᵹҲƴ, ˳Ů˵ĻͷȺ, Լ, ʿչˣҿȥ鳤Ｘ, ⣬ɽһ㡣Ҷϱ㣬ֱӻֱá
˵ͷ, Щϱһۣɻһ仰ﲻ֪ʲʣв׵Ҳá
ﵫ˵޷
붫ֿ̫ݣңϲ̫࣬Ҽɾб䣬滮ݡݲͬ־սԶݣΪǣ
⻰Цſ˶Էһۣ˫̾˿ͬｫݵ˵£˵꣬Ա˱пɲ𣿺ֹˣǲҲˣ޼ġ
һ˵㶼׷˵
Ŵ˵ЩüͷﲻЩ
˿̫࣬ǴӸ˰Ӿ̵ˣΪ̻طࡣٸ涨ÿշžܳʮȽ飬û⣬ͿʼŶӡ齻˺üΣԸɷ˻ȥˡ
ͽŵ磬ŵǣ鹧֮󣬽ͬǹԱˣǾ¥ӦĶѾˣҲ˿£ʲôܿţ¥Աû¶ˡиƲף°ɡ
ˡЩͷֵ˭ףǾǣŰɡ
л߳ȥڽ棬ӷЩǹԱͬԱ˱ԹôˣԷģ˳Ƥӣܹϰô죿
Ų΢΢һ٣ĬƬ̣ȴǼʲôû˳ȥ
棬̾ϢţͬԽԽ࣬ԽԽˡ
òӦЩֵ㣬˵ˣ
æӦһЩʲô񣿡
̾˿ʵʵ˵Ҿţţ˵±ڳﱸẈ̂սҪԷսҪԷſڳԷĶ
ȻǴֵص
Щ֣ŵ˵ֵصǮ죬Ǯأ
Ȼǡ
˵ţЩԾˡ㵣ĵǱˣô͢Ļ뷨跨ụ̃ΪĲ룬ЩټǾûʲôô̫ƽˣأֽǧϹѣڹټУǶ˿ڳԷ죬ȴûж˸ˣÿշųʮݻδﱸ̣ݿʼﱸأ
ҰĲȪһȱݸ̽Ǯشˡ
ݣҲʼ׼أ
⻰ʱ亹乡
Сǰʾ򶨣ͷ˵뿴
̾һû˵
תͷ⣬ĳġ뿪ݣ߹ݲݣȴʼûһȫȻ̫ƽ˼䡣
ͽڹٸ¶ʱ˾˼·ߣͷŪ˸ˮӣܱһȦˣЩϺˣ˵ԼϢСʮݵгԵģճڽͷؤҲ˵Ϣģ˾˼͸ͷЩȻݱ΢Ϊ΢˽Ҳܻ䣬һ·˵Ļ
ݾϵӣܸʺ͵طϵãȱǮΪһͷ
ֻ߷ļ¾
ٻߡ
Ƕ̶һ磬˾˼Ͱ˸͸֮󣬽һͷ£˸С磬Ժ¶ǵûҡ
˾˼ЦЦʲô
ҽлӡ̵˰ɣܸҪ˫۾˫ְæ¶ġ
˾˼ʮôϤּۻۣü´˻һۣУպ¶㡣
Ƕ̵Ŷˡ
ˡ˾˼ͷһͭ壬ġ
л˾˼˹˸˼ͽѾˣɫ̫ã˾˼ǣЦŵǱٸΪˣ
Ϊѣ̾˿ҺģѲǵĹٸˣǵķҲͬȪһ
Ựû˵꣬˾˼Цˣ̧ۿ㣬˼͵Ҵ
˳Ц㶱㷴Ӧȥ¾뵽һ⡣
ʱЩˣڹ˾˼ǰֻܰӣ˾˼ʵ˵ǣҲȥϴϢˣط˱ս׼ѱˡΪ֮ҪͬٸЩȻвȨҲزס
˵ǣ̾˿Ҳ֪˾ˡ
⻰һĬȥã㿴˿ɫŵ˾ˣй
˵ţ֪ΪʲôСȥЩ˵ȥȻ֪˵ڳˣ˭⻰˵ڡڻǵ˻ز¹ڣҲһġ
ڳ˳Ĭţ˾˼˿ڣ˵û
˾˼㶣Į򶨵ݵһղʬ壬ұ㲻ȥˡ

˾˼˼ְơ
˵ˣﻹʲôʬǣ
˵Ļ޷Ϊȥˡ
˾˼ͷСҵ
¶ᡣϹ˾˼ֻҪһ˿ϣҶͬ˵ȥˣȥˣʬˣûУô϶ȥˣȵȥˣûлῴŹ˾˼Ŵɳٽ¹ͬҷһһͬˡ

˼ļ̌ס˾˼̾Ϣɡ˵˵ôɡ
˾˼ĬţͲûһ⣬̧ۿ㣺ô
룬򴽣ʱ򣬽вƲȫٸɣ
⻰Ȼ̧ͷ𾪿㡣
˾˼Ϊῴ˾˼ֿ㣬ˣǶȫҲ⣬˰죬ŵ㣬֪˵ʲô
ţֵ̾ǮģԶδ
Ҳƣ㣬һδ
û˵
˼ҲƲʻһһ˴뱲ˣûϾͶϵľ
ǮֻǮʣѡȨ
˾˼֪뷨̾һǰȰ˵ŵʵЩǮסġǹ˼ҲЩ̻̫ͨˣûʲôЩǮ߬ۺ찡
Ҳض
ֻһ֣ûǮСܾ;һ㣬ʲôµ뷨ǸɴһԾȥҪ裬Ҫһˣͨһ˾衣֮ʲôҪҪø߷ڣŻ˾ãʿ
Ĭû˵˾˼ŵң˿ɽԺҵ;֮·ŻһЩ
΢΢һ㶼̧ͷ˹˾˼ƽ١
뵱٣һȨƣӰ˵Ĵ١ԣ˾˼ֻһǮǿԡ֮ķǲһܹܡңҲ㣬һ

ֱҵٸǮ𣿡
˾˼ƽܸʣǮ˽ȫ
㶣ͽһۡ
ΪΣ
Щɻ󣺡ܸʣΪβֱҷ
ϾĽڶʹǷֻܸһҪֺãȻǷá
˾˼ЦЦҪֺ÷ģ϶ֹһˣǹȥʮֵ·ֻܼǵ߰˷ֵĺáܽһһͱͺǹϵһЩĿԵûôǿ˵ľȱǮҽǮȫȻʮָмѩܱ̿Ƚǿ
û˵úڵ롣
ĸ濼ǡ˾˼Ͼᣬ¶˼ǲܣ룬顣
˵ЩҲЩˣ˾˼طȥߵϣȥšŭﶼˣҺȥһˣ㿴Цأ
ӴӴ˾˼ʹ಻ӵЩۣ
ģҲֲ٣ǿ֣˾˼æЦĶô㣬и뷨ҲҪŵģⲻǷɢȥ߿Ϣ𣿡
˵ţ˾˼̧ӣŷ磬ֺõ𡣡
αװһ£ֺõӣ̲ס͡Ц
˾˼ЦˣһЦʵ̫ˡ
ţЦҶûͬҪʲôͻ˵仰ұЦˣûбҸúŮˡ
Ҫʲô
˾˼ͻȻ㶣˾˼ҲûЦº͵ƺҲû͹ʲôɷôĵģ
⻰Ҳ֪Ϊʲô;öЩ̣תͷȥҡȣЩڵҪеĶˣҲûʲôҪģʲôͣﻹҵĵ
˾˼ţǰŮЩڷ˷ͷϵķ̲סںЦЩգͷЦʲô
ûûʲô˾˼ӱѩϻۣҪչֵڲͬ
˾˼ŭˣԸһӰ㣡
˵꣬ˣ˾˼㶣æ׷ȥҴˣҸӡ
ʲôӣ˭Ҫӣ
úúã㣬㡣˾˼ӣ㲻˦˾˼̲סˣǿţһѽץڻסˣ棬˶ˣ˾˼ȴȫֻǱЦŵҴˣҲЦ㣬ҷݲ£Ը׬һǮ͸ӣòã
û˵о˵ֻϣŲŮӵȣŤͷȥС㡣
˾˼˿ڣȻʱŲжô
˶ʱˣͻȻɿԵЩΣôȥΡ
Ľ֣֣ſ
˾˼æ֣תȥС˵˾䣺ˡ
ȥ˵ҲʲôԴΪ١
Ȼһվԭأо֫ĴƺͣƼ䡣Ťͷȥÿ˼ȡĻ·Ǵ˹ӣֲĻϣ
ͷһξãԼ¶ˡ


42 
ڶ㱻е, ƺһҹ, ̾˿, ͬ˾˼һҹ, ˵öԡˣ㶼ǶͽȻѺܸʣǾѺܸʡȥܹӣǽտʼв񣬵ܹӻ
á˾˼ͷˣ˽ȥܸ, ܸʲŷ, ⡣ʱҷϱ, ȻԼ취ǼҲƲŪԼľСǵʲôҪ, ܸʵ, ʲô, ʲô, ٵҪ
ס˾˼Ӧ
Ǽҵլһ׶, ҪȫҪ͸լӣҪԼҵġ
ΪΣ˾˼ЩãȻ̾˿, ɵӣҪȫ͵ġլӽ, ȫѹˣȷû͵شƱǿԿֻҪ֤ûдȷİѸøĶˡ
ǲİеĶҪøɸɾҲ̫ǡǼݵ׸ܸﶼôһҲһЩ
ʵҲ̫ġ
Ա߿ڣڷԣҪûв˽ҪҪиʡֻҪ̬ˣҲ͹ˡֻΪ˾˼Ժ;ҪɾЩ˽²ŵ㣬Ҳûʲô
˼Ʊܿϸ񣬶˽أҪðղǮƱҪ漰ϴǮһϵв˾˼㾡Ҳƾ˲˿Ƕǹ˾˼δİѱ
ǽͷӦȷˡ
˶Žˣ˾˼ڼ￴顣
˼գǻ·Ϣһص͸ϵ˹˾˼Сææ˹˾˼ȥʱ˾˼ڿ飬ͥԺ涣˾˼һ£ͷò죬ܱͬһ𣬳ֳһˮʽĴš
㶣ȻǰλӺ͵Ǹȣƺһ˵ı仯
˵ı仯ãǵ˾˼ٱ̧ͷʱǻǴһ˵Ȼ
˾˼ƼЩȵ֣
Ц߽˾˼˵Լ棬ǵ˾ƣЦſڣֺʱǰ˵һ
Ҹջ͸ϹˣͬҴ˵˵㽫ҲȫҸף
š˾˼ɫ˱ڵһ
֪ʲôЩż׸ôǮ
Σ
˾˼̧ЦҲƣסΣ
㶣˾˼˿ھƣƽ֣ұһǧˣǮһ£ҿ͸ЩǮҲǻס˻š
֮ݣǴɲصģǼݣݡ
˾˼˶٣˵һʱЩж
ֱ̧֮ͷǣ״ʱ˿˵⻰ȷʵ⡣Ȼ֮գ̫á
룬ܸأأ
λλ֮ˣ˹ؿڣ˭ࣿ
ֻ˵ȪȻҪºֻ࣬ҪǮûʲô¡ֻ罻ǾǴһˡ
˾˼ЦЦ֣ʵҲˡ
֪ȱǮ˾˼ƽڣ˼ҰݣȻҪΪʲôıϣЩ֪뷶бԽЩȥھ̫ƽǸգҶúܺáλ룬ļҵףգֻΣ
΢΢һ㶣⻰˵Ĭãڵˣ˼ȻҾʹȥҸס
ڹ˼Ҵһù˾˼·ͬһȥܸ
ǰ֪ܸͨʣܼҺǴȥ鷿ȵԺԼС˾˼ӡɫ·ɫۣɫͷڣŵ٣ͥԺһվʮĿ
ſڵƬ̣Ǳȥ˾˼˷Уһֱͷܸʹ󣬲ܸ˵˾䣺ɡ
˾˼̧ܸʡ
ܸʿȥʮֱ꣬׳꣬ͣºͣȥ佫ĳ
´˹˾˼һЦǶͬ˵¶һΪӦǸǶЩСֵܣ㾹ᡣ
˵ţܸվ˹˾˼£Ը˾˼裬ЦŵССǣЩˡ
Ӧģ˾˼Ҳ̸ʲôǲǡ
ģҶסܸû䣬ֱӵҵȷȱǮΪҶǹ˼ˣҲ
ܸ˵ף仰֮䣬˾˼Լ֪ܸʵΪˣҲӣ̹ȻǾ˼ڴлܴˡ
ǮһͬϷ˵ʱṫνǼȻǱʣʣµĶͲ̫࣬ʱһһԺӣȻһ׮ǼҹӣҪʲô㶨ʲôʲô
ס˾˼Ӧ
ܸʵĻͷƶӣ˿šҲܿú޳·Ҳ¡
ܸʼϵͷ¶ҽǶ죬¶ȷͷɡ
û˵꣬˾˼ȴѾܸʵ˼ܸվĹ˾˼ļ磬Լλϡ
˾˼һڲ裬ܸͬʰݱ˳ȥ
ƺǸˣСԺͬ˾˼˼׺㣬ҽհĻҸ˵Ҹױͬ˵Һúýʶ
İɣ̧Ĺ˾˼ļ򣬡ֻҪвŻһĵط
ҽ㼪ˡ
˾˼˫£䣬Цͬ߳ȥҾ벻Զɴһ˵һ߻ȥ
ڳҪ⣬ҪйٸڴҶϣܶȥֵأֵأճɲŹݱҲʲô֮أٲ׼Щ¾ѹˡ
ȷˡ˾˼ͷ
һ⣬һˣЦЦٹգҪ׽ˡ˼Ҫʲôû
ʲô˾˼룬Цŵҷ˺ĸ׵İɡʲôʲô
㶣Ƭ̣Ц벻ˡ
Ҳûʲôϲ¶ϲˡ
˾˼˵ţƺͻȻʲô̧ۿԶε꣬룬ͻȻŶ㻹Ҫӡ
ţ
ЩãȻûӦͿ˾˼εȥˡǸæȥͿ˾˼վǰ̨ӡ
̫ݻǲģʱ¸л̫صģ־ܲ˵㡣
վһһСϱİ
š
˾˼°ͣæ
˿ʼһӣ˰죬˾˼ջܲˣҧֻβҡ
ǲҡ̵üΪϸ壬׹飬˾˼úװϣ߳źƼ·ĺӣ룬һ
ϸκϣԭЩѹֵκжʱƯࡣһ·Ź˾˼ô˼˺ð죬ڵ˼ܽ˼һڶϣͽˡ
˾˼⻰ͷЦЦ
˵Цˣλ÷º͵ıȵһЦ
㶣˾˼ЦԼκǰȥ
ð죬ǲŷӦ
Ϊʲôڻûгף
žԭˡ
˾˼صκҵ㡣ͽ죬˾˼ƼᣬʶκܸʵĻ˵һߣǾãʲôʣ
ף
˼ţҪĲʳˡ
˾˼ЦЦȴǵܴ˵ˣʲôʲôҪ
˭֪սʱ׹õˣǾЩǮ㲻ǾǮǻǮˡ
ǱʣȻ¶
룬Ǿ֬ɡ
˶Щϣսʱ򣬾㲻ҲܲȥЩġ
Ȼ˾˼ûзֻǵϲ֬
ǣֻţݴǴģֻݴ˵ķݣǶ˵͹ȥӣǮЩ𡣿Ǯ٣ȴеģ⣬¹ʲʣµģǿп޵ģڴǮٵʱ򣬿п޵Ķʲôأ
룬ӴҪæϾʣµľڼеŮӣңҾһдֻ֬֬
Ϊʲô˾˼ЩãȻȴˣԿһۣЦŵΪˡ
˾˼ϸϸͣȻʱʱģҪģҪԼĵ¶Ů˰ԼĶܸԼο塣Ǯֻۣ࣬֬ˮЩֱˣ˾ãԸںúùӵġ
˾˼ˣǻǮԼο
Ů˹ӣǮˣ˲ˡ
һǮЩȴõĶˡ
˾˼ͷͬˡ˻ȥʱ˾˼˫ֱں棬ͬôƫŵ⣬ô뵽ģ
ΪûǮЦЦĶ㣬ҪʲôʲôûʲôǮÿ¶ŬԼ֬ÿǺ֬ҶúܸˣоһֽԼŬš
˾˼ţ̲סĿ˵ȥҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻЩᡣ
̲סôˣû𣿡
ڣƮƮģҲûʲôùˣʣµĶ
˵ţȽţǸϴصױ̨ǰͷŸκС
㶣ͷһڴϵĹ˾˼
û˵С˺ӣͿֻβҡ
ǴĶˣȴǾúܸˣָˣȥԼϲ֬ҪԲ
Цҡͷ˰죬ŷŻȥ
˾˼һֱڴϿ飬·ʲô֪һϴ࣬һֱЦ
˾˼ЦЩëͷɵЦʲôӤ
ͷֱסЦ˾˼á
˾˼˽Ŀⲻźۼ򣬺˵þ˵ãֶʲô
˵ţһߣ˱ѣӵ˯˯ˡ
һֱûſЦ˯ȥ
˾˼˯ˣҹۣоԼͨͨ
ˣһĲһ֣㿿;ϡŹֵĲ
һ׼û˼죬ıþͷ˼ҾɢмҶܿܿӡ졣
ȫҰᵽһٸŵСԺӣǰլӣԺӿ˵ǼªҲúܰġ
ȥһ죬ȫһæŴɨԺӣȻܸ͹ޱȶ
ϣͬ죬̾˿Ƚţӣһ׬ǮӻԽԽùġ
úЦĶίӣѾǺܺˡ
˵ţָ̧ͷº͵ȻЩгдѾܺáҪǴĺ˼ãġ
ǰЦһҺõġ
ЦЦһȴǵ˶ãûЩأ
㶣ûףЦŵ㣬мϲˣ
㶮ˣЦЦͷתŵȵĸףʵҲʲôϲʲôвϲֻ֪ԸͬһӣԸҺãǾ͹ˡ
ŮһӲôô̧ۿ⣬ɫᣬҿó˼һˡպͷأ˾ͶˣϲҲʲô¶
ϲҪʣʾͻʧء
㿴һӵ񣬿һҶҸۡһŮ˵ʧζʲô
˾˼ãȴ˳硣
Ů֮⣬Ҳ
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лҪ˵
С糡
ǣ˼ܽ˼һڶϣͽˡ
˾˼ıȵһЦ
ǣԲۣҸ֡


43 
ͬ˵Щڶձ, ͬһȥԭ˼̵֬Ļơ
˼֮ǰҵ, ̱֬һҡͬһ, ЩڴӦ뿪֮ǰ, µȥ
µͲǰһϾûʲô𣬱ڹٸҪΧڵģǰһ£Ϊ˼Щƣɴཫ̷ֳɷ֬ƷĻռ֡
һ, Ҳϰ, Ҿ൱һˡ
ҵ˻, ֿʼԭϵ¶, Щⶼǰ˼ҾӪŵ, г˼, 㽫ȫ㶨ˡ
Ǳ, ȥӡ
ǵڶ, λò㵱֣ҪӴϹոȥ˵ЩƫƧ
Щ˼, ͬãǵӶǹٸӰյģ, õλõ涼̫ҲǿѾõˣ֪
޷޷ԽϽοܴѾˣλҲ𡣡
ǰ˾˼վһԣЦŵ־Ƿ̫ΪЩλŷˮͦõģӦǸ۲֮ء
ǿЦЦŶУ˼ǸģҸ˼˸ְλ˼Ƚȥţһӣе֮Ѱ
ٺòˣ˾˼Цſһ㣬ڼţҪ۸ң˵ҳˡ
˵˵Щ˼СЦװŵԿһϵжĺӽͬԤףϰԴ
Ǹ𣬻ȥ·ϣЩˡ
˵˵úƫƧλã϶Ӱġܵҵ취ǡ
˼룬ҹշת࣬˾˼ۣıӰҲ𷸳ˣа취ġ
뵽취Ҳ֪Ҫ۶Ǯȥ
ڲˣҲˣ¸¾ҪԴβͻƵĹʣȴһǮδҪβأ
˾˼룬οʵλƫƧҲһǻ¡룬꽪̫޶Ҳé®ԵŸߡҲˣ̬Ҫ㣬Ե㶫ã㡣ȻãҶƼ֣ҲԵöԿͻֺЩλƫЩ˵˼һΪ㲻أ
ţ˾˼Ǻ˵ţȴԽԽеŵλõֽܱߵĻ˼һ顣
ֵֽɾÿ涼ȽϴΪЩ̹ټҵסԶֵ̫ġĵ̶ܿΪλò㵱֣Բֺܶ˵⣬඼Щī֮С⣬ԵøࡣԽԽù˾˼˵ϾֲƫƧ˳ǣֻǲ֣ոӾҵصڣԼֵ֬
һû˯ĥԼҪ˵뷨ȵڶѹ˹ȥ
֬¶ģҲѧŵҵ뷨Ǻٸľֻ̫ƫʱһ䣬໹ǲܵġ
㵽˵ơӡ졢ܿܿˣʱʱĽ񡣽ոպôҶڣͽһϵ뷨˵һ¡
ˣ￪꣬Ͳ̡ܿͨ֬սʱҪǵĶʵҪ꣬֬ҪһԼڽԼԼںúĸоҪһʱȸУûǵ֬Ͳ
ǵ֬Ҫþ£־£ҪӼ۸񡢴ĺӡǵ̵װΡӵʼúá
˻ǾҪʼñ֪ǵĶ֬۸̫ͣ˾иҲʧȥ˽͵塣Ҳ̫ߣҪǡô˾ۡҪŪЩͷԽԽã˾ǵ֬һ޲֮ǰȷԡ͸ˡ
ʵи滮һ롣ߴߴһȺŮһ죬ȵҹһȥ·ʮ˷ܣ˵˵ЦЦ
δ˸ˡظĹ룬ȻԵĶ׬ӣʱ˶Ѫڣһӡ
ǶԼĵ
ѻݣ¶Ũ
Ȼֶ˼۸
ǽֳ֬Σֱǣ
ļԴ֡աĸرÿɫҲáһдԼһͨһ»ʮ֮һ
˻ÿֻΪ֣Ҳǻɫ۸еȡ
ʮʱʮʱвͬɫĹʺϵ֬ɫڰװϳɱʵá
ǻƷİڷŵȵȣÿһϸڶá
ʱ˷ܵ˯ţŹ˾˼˵뷨˾˼Цš
ֻˣ뷨Լû뵽ģעǰĹҲ֪ô͸оǰˣֳԤϵ
Ź⣬ʲôû˵̧ô
ϰ壬˾˼Цŵģڳ㳬
ó˾˼ʵʱġʱգԼ๤֤һûκ覴áͬʱǣʱһ͸ĸá
æʱ˾˼͵Ǹְͬʱÿմڼп顣
翴ٶԽԽ졣ȡŹȥûµһУÿնڱ޲Լһ㣬һ㡣
ÿΨһŵʱ򣬾ϻͻһյƣȥ
´˼ͻһ飬ڵſڣŵƹ⣬飬㾭һͿ̨ϣֱ߷һյƣ飬Ȼ죬̧ͷϰæˣؼҡ
ʱĺܰҲ㡣
еĻ̵꣬ʽϺ󣬹˾˼ҲʼӵԼְ
ﵱСÿѲߡһְĹٷЦͣ˾˼һۣȥ
ײһְÿһӣǮҲǹ˾˼ǰСӡ
˾˼ûԸǮһӣҲ֪㡣
ǼûǲУǴ˾˼û͵˸á֮ŵҵ˵ӴˣԷһˣ߰ɡ˾˼ǰɣ
ǡ
秵ģԷ˵ҽлǵͷԺ͸һˡ
ͷƴչˡ
ԷӦһ£ƺڵʲô˾˼㶣Ƭ̺ӦץץڲץһɰɰʮǮŸõģ˾˼ЩȣȴǸϽȥƴ磬˼է¶ȴ񣬵һȥúñһ͹
ץ˺ɰ˵࣬һ㶮¶߰ɡ
˵ţʹúȥȻˡ
ͷԸΪһ鿪ʼѲ֡
Ź˾˼ѲֵǸʮˣϡһֱûȢޣӱȹ˾˼һͷŹ˾˼ǲϲ
˵һڵصݻ͹˾˼˵ʱֲʹùٻ˾˼Ҳ⣬һֱ棬̵
Щˣ̾ϲܣƽʱ̫ƽʢˣͶȥܡ
˵ţһ۹˾˼㿴ȥϸƤģǰǸӵܰɣڻǺЩһˮת
˾˼û˵;šϼ˵ҲȤôˡ
ȵϣ˾˼ȥ̽㡣
æú˾˼º͵ô컹𣿡
ͦõġ˾˼ܻᱧԹȴѧڣº͵İɣҶرá
һ˵һȥ
µ꿪ţڶʹݸ߹̫̫ôһȦ̵ͳˡ
ͬݳ˺ǵΣ֬µϷӣϷһ֬ŶΡ
ɨüͿ֬Ψлݼ˼
ƴȥ̵֬ԽԽࡣ߹ٹռãһһϵУҲһ֬Ϊ
ֺüķˣûʲôһļϵе֬÷˾ûϲ
Ů֮˵֬һֳ˸ߵ͡
һŮˣһлݶ̸ʲô˼
һʱ䣬㶼û뵽𱬡ʼϻۼſϻģһӣںϿ֣ת־ͳˡذ桱˼۸
ÿ㶼æ˾˼ȥÿˣŹ˾˼ӣ֮Щ⣬˵˹Ӱ˵˵ʲôʱ򣬲С֬ͷ˰
˾˼С˵־ΪΣֻ̾Ϣչļ۸ҪһˡϾҷӵģҪһļ˵ǰɣ
͹Ц˵ðԸļ˻ʮʱҪ˿ô찡
ǰ˾˼пҳúãҷûԿ³Եȵ
˾˼ЦãܲеϢ
вв𣬡˾˼æгϢҪļһǳɡ
㱻Ц·ϣһЦŻȥ䣬޼䡣
˾˼ɻȵһٺ»һСӣЦЦȻ㲻ڣĵһӣһļ
ϣһļ㶣˾˼
˾˼վűûҽҲ𣿡
Цá
˼Ϊֺ÷ˡʲô
˾˼Ƭ̣СΪҪ
ɨüͿ֬Ψлݼ˼
㶣Ƭ̺Щ˼תͷȥ
ȫŮӣĸҪɷǹ˾˼֪ЩҪ֬Ҫʲô
ҪĲͿĨϵɫҪɷʱǷ˼ꡣ
룬˾˼ǲģƬ̣򴽣ˣһӶˣһô졣
˾˼˼ǸǸܻҪܵİɣ
㡰͡ЦЩΣ˵˵㣬ôĶؼʲô
Ҫˡ˾˼Сڣˣұˡ
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лҪ˵㣺ӲƷİƹ㣬Ϊ׬Ǯܡ
˾˼ҵ츳ܾ


44 
ĵԽԽãͿʼ˲ҵ, һĥŶЩƷ, Ҫ֬, һӲ, Ҫһ·ȥ
ܴ׬Ǯݻѣǹٸϲˡ
æԼ⣬˾˼ÿʵʵڸš
ͬ¶ϲһǱˣҶ֪ǰǸ, νǵķ˲缦, ˭۸һ, ЩС
ϲڹ˾˼Էʱ, ڹ˾˼彣Ѳʱ·Ƕ
ǲôڮٹ˾˼, סϲ, ˾˼ÿѲ, ·, ںĹܱŭա
˾˼ڸżҲû˵ʲô, ѯ˾˼ͦõġ
ЦЦϴҵ, ˵Ҹ㰲˸ҡ
ʲô˾˼Щɻǲ˼˽¸㰲ŵģûͬҵ˵ҵ֪һ٣˵ҵǰ̡
ǳһۣŵҵ˵㵱ʣҪ㵱һ͹ٸıʣǮǾ͸ôǾͳǮôˣƼˣѧ̸𣿷㵱Ǹ߽̣Ϊ˹ٸɢҲƵˣ֮ǰҵ˵ǲܹ̫ãӿһ㣬Ժսˣҵ۹͵ʱǲĿʼʱ㶥֮ҵֱƾˣ͸ߡڸŪСϲ²µģ˷ʱ䣬࿴顣
˾˼ЦŲ˵̾˿ҵ㡣
˵˾˼ҡҡͷҲƵóĶǿ飿ģʣ˴򽻵ı¡㽫ҷŵײĥһ飬ǶԵġ˵һ˾ǸλûڵײͲôЩ˴򽻵պҪԴġ
ϾϣĻǰͨˡţҺǸˡֻǵģӾӪҵԷ˵ļƻӰ죿
û£ǰڰ֣֪ϱƾԼģûϵڿĶءңͬԤµĻȥɵðͬ˵䡣
ġ˾˼Цŵһͬ˵ġ
˾˼˵ţЩů⡣һţ̲סҾ͵ϱƺЩ
ţ˾˼㶣һЩڵɡЩʱæԽԽв̫һʵ˵֣˾˼ЦЦǲ˼ǰҶΣܸоԼЩЩʱգˣԸ͸ˡǾ¶Ҳ֪ǲǸãǱҵȷã˼֡
ţЩܡ
̾˿˾˼Щ֣ЩܣѾʮж걼⣬Ҳûϸĵˣ˵ЩҾҸ˳סɳܵǸϲˣҲ֪ʱ˼һõˡ
⻰˾˼㶡
ʶ˵ЩİæҺ㡭ҲǡҲǡ
ǱϸЩɣ˾˼룬ǰͬ˵һ̾˿Һ֮䣬治˵ʵʵһֱϲģͲ̫ᡢ̫ľЩһϲ֣ҰҺޣһЩĹ
Ǹù˾˼ҡͷ͵ȴϲķ񡣡
˵ǣ룬ҲͷƢϱ̫ˣҲϲģﴧŶԷҲЩͬİ·ķ޺ˡ
˵ţһСͻȻ˹ͬ˾˼ż磬ˡŴŴȥɩ鷳ˣ
һ⻰˾˼ðȾܣһ·ĵ񱼹ȥҲں棬˾˼żƢǸŴǸøο϶ҪԿ
Ŵӻ¥𱡣
¥СӵĵطʱǺ˵ֶܰһ޵ؽ磬޸ȴܿһ¥Ҳһ
ͬһ̵֬ϰǺѣ֬ڳͻӰ⣬ɴͽŴ˳鷳
Ŵ֪㣬һոռûãݹѵСˣҡᡢ¶ҪСƤٱŴ¸պиŮ˺ϺϳǸɴʹ¥ĹֱȥݵſһͿʼˡ
ڼŴ¶͸Ͻ˹ȥ˵ſڣͿһȺݺݺΧڻݵſڣŴվǰץӡ첻ȥǹǵ֬ˣǲøǮô
Եţӡ챻ôΧţЩң¶õǶ
ȵȵȣǶҶҼˣйҡҼҹ￿ԷôӰ
ǣӡżҶҾ·ϡ
ݵ֬ۿŴȫûӡ˵ĻᣬɤӾͺ¶Ҳû˹ܣͻ߹·
ӡ˵СǱŴϣܱ˶ӡĻֻŴĴ󺰣ֿһվһʹ࣬ƫ򣬳ӡָָ㡣
ʱŵıľææǰȥͬŴλǻݵĶң
ʲôģҲܣǮҼҹˣⱲӾˣҪ٣Ըĥ
ӡЩˣСˣŮ̫ѲǮˡ
û˵Ĭš
ǮǼ򵥣һǮ֤Ļ⡣һֱߵĶôҾûǼиĵꡣŮӣݴֱɣҲΪ
¶ãʱ˶Իݵӡ󣬱ŮҲáʱһ᲻ѻݵһúı־ǾͲһˡ
˵Ŵ㲻˵Ƶô˰
Ŵ˼Ƭ̣عڳҼҵ̵ΣȻǸ⳥ģ⳥֮ǰҵŪ
ǲ԰ɣ
ŴŭСһһ׵ģ˵ʲô˵ⲻΣĶλҹĲɣСӡ
ŴһĻһһ
һ໰ûһöࡣ
Ŵˣּڳֵ͸ɴֻʣоЩ绰ˡ
·ŶŴǺ˶ڷЦ
Ŵ˴һ˵ĽУԱ˹Ц˵
ŴǸģ˵һɶŴˣãҪô죿
ԱΧԽԽ࣬촭ˡ
ӡϽˣˣǸǮˡǲġ
Ŵ˵ǶŴŴſڣƤһƣͿʼġʷ̸ֱ֬һ˫ǧһ촽˳
ӡŭҪȥͶŴȴŴＸ仰˻
ӡÿ޳վſڣȭͷ۾
ܻš
Դܻš
ãҪá
ˣ͵ñ
ɤӴ󣬲˵ͲЩ໰ɤӱ
ȭͷ¶ġ
͵ۣ˵ӵץһɨ㣬ͳ˳ȥŶŴʹ˹ȥ
Ŵһɨæ󺰵ˣɱˣ
ҴľѪ˵
һⱲ˵ġ
Ŵȥץɨ㣬Ķȴʮɣһ߹ȥͶŴԴ
ԱߵĹ￴ƴļƣ׷ɢȥ
Ŵﱻڵſ׷Ŵ򣬶Ŵһ汻׷һ溰ô͵ˣҲµȥЫĳ
Ҳ⹷ã
̻ػŭ˻ʲô˸Ӿ͸£浱Ӻ󣿣
Ǿȥ飡ͬˣõһ֬ôõģΪʲôǵĻҲ˭˵ˣó֤㲻ã飬ſôãϷ鷳𣿡
һˣǮ׬֪ˣЩСۣͻҪشˣҪһӣֶ񶾣Ҿ;öģ
С˵ˡ
ҪٺˣѱǮΪѡ˿ˮأϽȥһ񣬶ˣûͷ䣡

˫һ׷һӡȥæ߹ſڶʱһƬ
ͷȺ֮Уһɨ㻢磬ӳ󽫷緶
¶ֻҪͷ˳¡һ汻һѧϰȹ˾˼ϹʱͿˣɨ㣬׷ŶŴһûŭɱվסҽղŻȥҾͲ
˾˼仰ǰһƬֻ÷˶ľԭء
ŸϹҲǴˣ𾪿һУƬ̣ʿˮ˼սʵһԱ
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лҪ˵
С糡
˾˼ϲҡҰҺһĹ
㣺˾˼ˣ
˾˼ġ
һø
飬һøɿɰø


45 
ʲô˾˼嵽ȺȥӺŮ, ŭһ, ס֣
˾˼һ, һȺŮԵر, ôһ𣬴ڶͣˡ
٣һˣŴȴǴʮֻµúãϲûȥ˫üΪѿ, ͷץɢ, ҲŤŤ, ˾˼һ, ѿ, ȴй, Ѿ, Ҳ, ˿ˣղŵŬ׷ˡ
ɨ㣬ԱߵĶŴһҪһǷǺڰ, ߣͬȥȥ
ȥʲôã
Ŵ￴վߴŸùٷĹ˾˼̵֪, ˰ǰɣﹴҰˣǰɣ
˾˼Ļüͷɷ򡣡
Ӵɷ򰡣Ŵų֪һɷ򡭡
û˵꣬ɨҪȥ򣬹˾˼ȴȥֱһѰסʮȡӾˡ
죬ȶŴﷴӦʱѾ˾˼ϣֱӵߣȥá
ȥʲôãٱˣ
Ŵ̵Ҫûôȥ˵Ĺҵ֬Ǿ͹öȥ
⻰ϴŸŮӾȥӡһץסˣܣ
ܣ˰ɣ
ЦҪйʲô
ҡڼ𣿡
ǹﶶӡǵк䣬Ҵȥ
ǹұӡ쵥ݵȥϽҲˣ
Ȼԩ飬͵ҴүߡԱ߹˾˼Ѿ׷ʲôƽŴ߰ɡ
˵ţǿŶŴȥ
˸Ͻ˹ȥŴһҲŹȥ
Ŵһ·ţ˾˼Ϊ˵ֻǯŶŴûаи
ȵã˾˼ŵˣЩˣ˵ʲô£
ҲǶŴϿͣŴ￴Ͻۣ˵ү
ˣϽǡ
ʲôǴӺ˳ǣϽĵܹӣ
·ƼŮӵֶŹλﱻ˹͹´أɨһۣɻڣ
ͷȥ˹
һǣæȻͿʼá
ŴЩˣ͹ڵϿʼʹޡ
һȺݺݺ޸û꣬˶ʼͷۡ
ˣڵϣȭͷҲί˵ģԱ˿޵þ춯أ߿޵滨ꡣΧ۵ƶŴ㣬б
˼ྲŴͣ㿪ʼ󰸣˫¶˵һŴǶŴʲô֤֤֬µģ
֬ͿϾˣ¥Ĺﶼ֤ˣ¶޹أҲֵһ
Ŵ£㣺ڶŴĻкα⣿
ˣӣȴʮŮãŴȻָҵ֬µģ͵ó֤֤ؼһ֤ŮϵĶ֬ɷ֤ɷ֬ȷʹ֬ŴĿǰ֤ݽ֤Щ˶¥ĹΪš
ţͷʶŮ鿴λŮƣˣȷʲô֢óʱ֬ɷ֡
áӦˣٽ֤
⻰ŴʱˣˣҲʱֻܾš
֬ʹ򶼱ȥиŮˣֽ֬˳ᡣ
˶Ŵæµһ󣬴عˣѾˡλŮϵĸϷľ飬ӦǺϺ¡
㡭˵ŮżǴϲƽȵŮϵˣϺһ¡ΣϷŮŵҩζҩζ֮λҩһ֢ģɼŮ֮ǰ֪Լ򡣡
⻰ʱࡣ
ŴȴǼҪŭȥ죡
Ŵﱻôһӣǰˡŵ֬ĳɷҲºͲĲϣûʲôɷֲס
⻰˵꣬ʲôҲˡɨһ۶ŵ֬Уüվ
ͷ֬УƬ̺󣬲ɵЦˣˣһ㡣
˵ţ֬зڶϣƽ֬Ǽҵġ
˵ϴŸŮ˴רŰģ
ǱǸƽǼ֬ޣÿһжбڲᣬһеıţҼǵãĳλˡװءɫ֬ģΪˡ֡㿴طиȱǣı־֬װĻǡءԣǼٻ
⻰˶Ĭˡ̧ۿˣƽģҲٵģǮСǿɾͿϧˡ
ˮʯ˭˵ʲôʮﱻ˶ʮӣ̧ȥˡ
Ҳ˹˾˼Ϣʱ䣬˾˼Ǹ󣬾ʹȥ
ǰ棬˾˼ں棬һ仰û˵˾˼ͿǰıӰ
ͷ㣬·ҲŤŤȫûƽʱľš˾˼֪ôЩܣţͻȻס˲ӣƵ㿴Цɾ˰ɣ
˾˼û˵ЩѹӵҲ֪ѿҲû취ͬҺۡҽ֪ҲǸ۸ģͻеһһǡ
ҵ٣˶ࡣҸСƣǸҺ۸֪ʧҲû취¶
˵˵ţ;ЩᡣίҪޡ
֪ѿ֪档ô죿
ϱ˰ε׶סԷ죬ô죿
ͷСֲ̧Լᡣ
˾˼ţӱǰȥ˻
ûöʧСڣοŵҾɰúܡ
˵޵ˣúһɨѴ
úá˾˼æƼˣرƣҲ
˾˼ֱĨҭ㲻ðοҵġ
ûο㡣˾˼ôޣ̲סͷʶ͵ģرɰ
㽩סˣͻȻͲˡ˾˼ģ̲סЦ
֣߰ɣǻؼң
վŲСӣƺˣСӡ
˾˼Ͷȥתͷұؼң
㲻˵˾˼㿿ϣŤͷԱϵǽڡ
˾˼·ϣº͵㣬ѣϴűĵˣɰġ
ʵһ㶼²ᣬǲʧֻ̬û۸
⻰˱ϵů¹£ǵӰϵóġ
ڵʱ򣬵Ȼұ㡣ҲڵʱԸһ㣬ҲúñԼʱһ·ʲôû룬Կ֮󿴼ôɸˡ
˵ţ˾˼תͷЦŵҼ
㱻˵ţһֲ˼
ſڹ˾˼ıϣþú󣬲Слл㡣
ллʲô
˾˼ºͣСллҡ
˾˼㶣Ƭ̺Ҹͬ˵Բˡ
Բʲô
ûڷ絲꣬ҪԼԷ˪
˾˼˵ţ̾ϢԳһеġ
⻰ЦˣܰȥһУԸұһһ㶼õӣǾѾܺˡ
˾˼ſıϣ˵ʵʵҹ㣬Ҳ֡ҽݣҿԼǮҷǮõϿɣӮŴҾãʵҸ
ҽϰ壬ƹʱҾñǿ˵ľ硢ǸĸҸ֡
ľͺˣ̧֣ͷžҺãԶˣһֱ棬Ҿ;ãѾ㹻ˡ
Ͼ϶ˣߵʱѾ˺ۡ
Ͼ϶ˣʱѾ԰
Ⱳӣſ񣬿ϣģԶᣬԶ
˾˼ţº͵á
ЦųһڵܿɰСҲǸܿɰ̫̫
û˵Ź˾˼Ĳӣ̲ס˾˼ֲң
ô᣿
˾˼ЦҾܺãҪúܶࡣ
жã
̲סʡ˾˼㶣Ƭ̺Ĵ˲ʵ˵ģȴ˵
һӵĺá


46 
⻰˵ˣʵҲͷһδӹ˾˼һӡ, 뿪ǰ, Ҳ˵, һнн񳯡
ʱġһӡ, һ̵ġһӡȴǼȻͬĸо
˵ĲһֻǾãʱ˵һӡ֪ⲻһçײĻش
˾˼˵仰, ÷̡
֪⻰çײһЩ, Լ˵֮ǰ, Լ˵Ļ˵, ȴ־, ƺӦ
ô
ЩɻԼȴ, ǡôá
δһ, 侲¸ҡļִ͡š
Ҫ, δһһ߹ô¡
˾˼̲סЦˣȻʶŮ˵ķͬһ, ޿û˵úҹһӰ
˾˼ͷ, Ӧһġ
Ҳ֪ԼǸһӦʲôķӦǾãŹ˾˼˵仰ľͶˡЦſļϣŵҪǴӦҹһӣԺϲĹˣô찡
˾˼ûػ㳶˳ӣС˾˼
ţ
һϲĹң԰ɽұ֤ԴףҺ룬òã
⻰ʵ档
ڹȥ˾˼žǾãӻˡ
ţҲ֪Ϊʲô;ƵģôЩܡ㳶ò
˵ɡ˾˼ڣԶأϹʲôģ
˻ص˾˼ˮ
ǰûЩ¶ģڼ٣ΨһжˮЩ¶Ͷɡ
㰮ɾÿ춼Ҫϴ裬һһˮ
ϴʱ򣬹˾˼ţˮűͬĵ׬ЩǮͽľһﻹǵм¶Ҫ໨ʱ俴飬Щˡ
˾˼Ӧһûж˵
ˮ죬еҡ
˯ʱ򣬹˾˼Ļ
ͬһӣһϲأ
ϲˣҪֿ
֪ΪʲôͻȻãǻ粻Ҫϲˡһֱһ
ͷӿЩ졣ΪʶҪһƺȣ͡Ͳˡ
ýΪ
˼ţﲻţʵţȥϲ
˾˼ҹĺЩˣñӸסԼͷȫٿ㡣
˾˼¶ڶϸڵʱ򣬻ЩĲɡ
ȥ֮йµѵƺ˵ʲô˾˼Ŵŭ̧֣һƳ˹˾˼ͷϣŭʲô˵ô
ͷ˾˼æʲôԸ
ԸҸҷԸ𣿡ЦܴϹϵĴ˵һʼк˵˭أԭܴӡ
˾˼ţһ룬֪ӦΪŴ¶𡣱ϾǶŴĳͣŶŴһڹǰʧӣȻҪǺ޵ġ
ǹ˾˼û˵Ÿپ͹ˡ˵ŭָŹ˾˼ıӾ͵ΪܴӵɽҾͲҰôˣҼסͷ¶Ļң㲻Ǻ𣿺ܰ𣿡
ŭɨéȥéޣȫˣ
˾˼⻰ɫ˱䡣
ȻһӦǡ
˳뿪˼֡ЦһУ
˵ţʹȥѲ֣˾˼éǰδôĻƬ̺ȴ˹ߣʼɨ
ʱ˾˼ոմɨéޣɨéޣطɨˡͻ㱨ɹϿϲŭӦһ뿪
˾˼ˣųáߣһĹٱǰȥƸ磬ҪǾûǾҼ·ϰݺˣ
⻰ЩĶǳɵϾܴӵˡ
⻰ԷЦЦһӣʲôֱֲ鷳ţһ鲼ڴȥ˾ʹˣ˭˵Ǵģ
˵ǡͷ˵ȥţճţü
˾˼ţڽϹһȦȥ
ߵһС˾˼ûüӦһ޴ʹ˳һѽ鲼ڴͷϣȭͷͬһ
˾˼ڶԷֵ˲֪˭ǻĶ΢΢һ٣һԼơ
ԷҲֻйߣȭƬ̺Ǳˡʱ˾˼ŽڴȡڵƽƬ̣վһȳһ˻ȥ
صǰˣڴ̣Ź˾˼Զ¸淢һˣԷ
˵ţŵ˷ЩͬѰζӣʲôζ
˾˼·˵⻰ЩΡϾһֱͼ˵Լòζ̫ŨˣѶѡ
룬飬վת˸ҡ
˾˼ڻ·һͷ㣬һ
Ŀϵ֮ϣƬ̺üͷ˭ģ
ûԸ
˭ģ
˾˼û˵ˣƬ̺ЦЦЦЩȴҪţԼʣĽ
û¶ƽ͵ģû¶


47 
Щŭ
˾˼ӣβ֪۸˵, ׷ȥ, Ҳ˹˾˼档Բ, ˾˼ЦЦ, ȥϴ裬ʱԥһ£˹ҵӣ̧ţȷԸûζ֮󣬲˴
㻹, û˵, ˾˼չȥ, ˲ı, Ըа취ġ
˵, ˾˼̧ȥ, , 㲻㡣
ִֽ̧, ˯ˡ
˾˼ЦЦҲ˯˹ȥ
һգû, ȥ˳ӡ컹æһЩ˼ӡ, ΪұЩģʮ˷֣͵
ӡ㶣˾˼ͬҪæӦǣү
˾˼˵ͷǰţ˽ҵӣ˻һͷ֪ļ˼裿
򵥣һ֣˾˼ͿʼϸһˣȷĴ㣬ͬӵȥԵģֵָܣǰţߺš극ҼˣҶϣܴܲг
ӵ˻Ӧǣġ
Լݾнϯ£ԭȿŽϯĹϵڳ޲⣬ݾ޲ԼҽԼ֮ǰ͵ϣײʿõεޣܸʷֺ󣬲ȥϣ˺ܸʱͲ̡һιٸپǮ˼Ⱦ֮мĸҲϽһЩԼžˣ
ԼҵĴӣƽʱţ˭ǵҪһǣͷ⻶衣
ʱ򻹸¶⹫ҪôӲãҪôǶڵ֪顣
˾˼ĥƬ̣ɫ˸á
ϴ࣬ȫûڣƼӣΪˣĹ˾˼ļ磬ĵӴ˼ôˣ
˾˼ЦЦƴ磬ôţ
˹˾˼һ٣˺ܶ࣬ҲûΪѹ˾˼һȥѲ֣صԷ˸Ƽ㣬㶣㳯ЦЦÿһˮ̣ҼɾССƢλչˡ
ؽ磬ôһͷЩĹϽվЩŵû¶û¶ġ
ЦЦ뿪˾˼ȥ˵û¶㻹ġ
㳯￴˿̾˿ĺҾͷģ¶̫ǿԲһЩ
˾˼ӦԶ
վſʱ˳ĸ㣬и˿Ź˾˼ӰСǹ˾˼ǸɵӣǴͳԵġ
˶Էһۣû˵ʲô˾˼ſվƬ̣˻һûҲ⣬ЦŵӲĹЩҲ˵öԣ˼СЩ¶̫ʲôģλ㡣
˵ţ˲豭ˮƣͷλչˡ
ұ˾˼һˣƬ̺һŸЦŵ˼ϱÿ
죡ڣ˶Էһۣǳ˾ƻвҪˣ
վͬ˾˼Ѳȥ
˾˼ЦЦҲû˵
ϣӵ˹˼ң˾˼гͬ˾˼үڹھ¥˵Ҫȥ̤ࡣ
˾˼˵ͷֵ˶٣
Ӵű˸˾˼ЩķԼ
ĥƬ̣Щɻү˵۸ô죿
Ŷ¶˾˼룬Ƭ̺ӣ˸͵𣿡
үˣҪȥ͵ϵĶɣ
͵ϵģ͵ġ
˾˼һ㵱ţ㱻ץġûǲҪ棬Ҹģ͵
С
ӵͷʶˣ¶Ұ졣
˾˼Ӧһʱ򽫻Ķ͵ˣǰȥǮԸ£Ǯ˸ץŰѱ
סæүģøɾġ
¶ܸȥǵݸţȻ۵κϢȥᡣ
Ȼ׹˾˼Ҫʲôȴǵͷס
˾˼ϳɵӣЦЦɩóô
ץץԴ˼ЦЦүҪҸɵúãԺҪˣҵСв
˾˼ӶЦˣ⻢ͷ̧ͷԺиõδһС˵λá
Ӵ˴˾˼ȥɣˣһӣ·Сġ
ӵͷСŶУүҲ˯ɡ
뿪˸󣬹˾˼˼֣ˮ㿴ǰ¶ȵˣ򴽣ˣֲ˵
ʵҲ˴ˣ֪òãȻҲͲµ˭ˡ
Ȼǲϣ֪ЩܣҲ˵ڣֻԸһ
˾˼֪ʲôֻϴԼڴȥ˾˼ͷЩЦõʲôôʪͷ˯պҪͷʹġ
ûڡ
˾˼ĻĹĵǰ˿ɰˡ
Щģͷƽ͵㲻ʲôͬ˵ѽ
ûʲô˵ġ
㣬˾˼̾˿ʲôҪá
һû˵
˸ͷԺ˵Ҳˣ˼ȥĶǻ
ȴǸǿӣҹڴϣ˼룬ھ֮֮
ӣڸ߸˯ˡ
˾˼ҹĺۣǰ˴ƺżֵЦݣɵ˴
²ľԼ˯ȥӦ뵽ʲô÷ˡǰ˵˯գоһֻҫèﻶϲˣƺҲ
˾˼Щ죬ȴǲòϡ
ϲˡ
۲ԼģоԼ⣬ϲ
ҲѭҲٴ㷴ɫ¹Ө׵ķɫͷСĶͷ
޹ģﶼȥִȣƬֱ̺עǰˡ
ȻЦˣȥ۾ס֣ô˯ˡ
ڶѹ·߸˸ϵ˾˼֪д㣬úЦɵõʲôȥ
Ŷȥﰡ
һԼƺ˵̫ԣ첻͸ˣһʴҪӡ
á˾˼ŴЦûж˵
峿ȥ˸ãһûκ𣬴ҷɢȥѲ֣ɺ͹˾˼һ顣̬ȱ֮ǰ࣬ȻҲô˾˼ҲˡֻѲҲģѯʵ˵ݸǺö˶˵ĹʲôһͰǮˣǼв
˾˼ЦЦҲûڣһһʮݷ˵ˡ
Щ棬СЩ¶ЩɴʲôıǵԴĴ¡ʿˮ̲סǣȥˣϱôݵģ
Ǻݡ
˾˼ƽ
ݲѾû𣿡˵˵ԣҾӡôô
˵ţŹ˾˼˾˼ȥȫܻסôƯһŮ˵ˡ˾˼ЦЦػһӰͺس˳һקڻǮϣʼܡ
ι
æ׷ȥ˾˼֪ʲôͷһ˾ܿȥŭ͵ǮϹ𣡡
˾˼¶ıŻ׷ȥ
μ죬͹˾˼ں׷һ·СӾͿʼܡ
˾˼ڻѸٻһƿӡ
˸ӣɫĲմȾ˷ĩ˾˼׷ȥĩһ̽ƿе÷Ż֮С
׷С͵һ׷һ˳׷·ϣ˾˼˰ģһľУ˾˼ʱպÿһ㱼˻
ʶγһȣһ㿪ǰȥ
Ȼϵȴܱ˸æȥˣæڵϿʼͷŵԹӣС۲ʶ̩ɽԹˡ
˵ϴԱ߳˱ӣͳŻȥһӳ˻ϣŭȻҵ
˵ƴͷ̧ӻٴ򣬻۾űϣȻֻбӺХû
ۣͿ˾˼վǰץűӣŶϵŹ͢٣̶ʮͽꡣ
ĶðĻ
Ƭ̺͵طӦ˹֪ں˭˵
ӷͬ˾˼侲ҵٸȥ
˼ſæҪ˾˼үҵĹӣ
˾˼˻һüϿ˵űߵúúãһҵһץΣҵ֪ȻôҴ򣡡
ŭһͬҶӵģ򣡡
˵꣬ԼҼҶһӵϡ
ߵĶԼҺ֣ѹѹʮ˹ȫ˷Ȼʱ˾˼ɫ̧־һȭ˹ȥͿ˾˼νýȺ鶯ãȭƻһʮѪڣ
Щ龰ʿˮ
Ƭ̺͵
ǣ
˾˼ǣ
Ҳ˲Ͻȥ֮ˡ
˾˼һۻȥķЩˣ֮䣬ΧһȺȦһһȺ˾Ѿȫ
ϷӦʱѾǰͷȺбк֮˾˼ϣϱЦЦϾƬǰʵϿ˼ЦԹӣ߰ɡ
һ·ܵ㵽ܸǰ˻ӴϢ͵⣬ˣ˻Ļ˵ȵȣȥҵ
˶ˣܼҴŹذ֪ģѵһΣΪŹ˾˼ȻҪܸʰ
ܸڷǵĻĥƬ̣Ц
ҵȵȣ㷶ȥ
ü˼ܸʵ˼ܸʼ̳żȥȥҵ˷
ںȲ裬ܸʽţ˵Ϸ˸ˡ
ţ̧ͷЩɻܸ˷ǰ˵㲻ǻڳЩ̲֮ǰҾ˵ֱӰץ¶²ʲŹ˼ôǣǼװǾס
ôüܸʸ˵ԼǸӣŹ˹ٱڱϵȥˡ

֪ԼͨĵλģǰҲĥҸɶЩ̣ҪҪи˵ùȥһҪһҶˡ
Լҷ裬ǵףֱϵ˹ٸٺòĻᡣ
ֻҪԼңй˼ҾǮǰԼں̼ңҲöˡ
Ǹ˾˼ܸʸ˵֪ͨǶ¶һֲֲ߻
ССͣ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ͵ſڣҲáȥ׵Ҳø˾˼һ񡣡
˼
ܸʵͷ͹ȥ
ͬ˵꣬˷ƣܸʱҵǣֱø˹ȥ
ʱ˾˼Ѿϵٸȥˣ˾˼ˣǰһڣϽ˹ȥƲ˿
վڹϣŹ˾˼Цү鷳Ҳһү˭
˾˼ɫվţǵŴѹɡ
Ǿ͵ţϳڣʱҵҪ˭
ôĬĬţ漷ˡܸʵſڣ˿˵ֱ˽ȥ
ʲôܸ߽һ۹ã󿴼ϣ´һۣüͷǷʲô¶
ˣ˾˼ȿڣ˵ˣûΪԱƥ㵱ֱ޴򹫲С£ٸá
Ŷܸʵͷأ
ˡ
ˣܸһһԳֱ̽ӵȻʣˡ¶Ϸˡ
˵ţܸߵϣʩʩȻǴԱߵ˲裬˹ȥܸʺ˿ڲ裬̧ۿϣ޴ٲǰɣ
ܸתͷ˾˼ɵΣ
̶ʮͽꡣ
дҪ𣿾
ܴˣЩˣæ㡭⣬ҵҸס
Ŷܸʵͷ̧ͷУλС磬ܸʿŹ˾˼ֱӵһˣȥԼңү
˾˼ǡ
һ£ܸƺʲôһȥүⲻ̫ʡ
֪ܸʴʲôܸתͷͬվһԵ岻岻ôˣģɣҿ˺ܺãиɾȥ˵ѹӡùԸúã¶˸ֵˣΣ
һ⻰ɫͰˣŵˣ⡭ǲǲʡ
ʲʣܸʰֵ֮ǰͷ˵ˣ˷ʱ䣬Ͻѹӡù
ԱһԻʱˣܸʷ˽ǸɵҲ֪ǳģ
ܸվŹ˾˼֣ƽͬһ¡
˾˼Ӧܸ
˺Ժ˾˼˴˾٣᲻ἱЩ
ܸһЦ¶ˣٲţʲô壿
ЪһӣᣬٳԸȻ˹˸˳ٵɣҲѹš
˵ţܸɫƽҺϷѧȪݱݸȱǮѾ붫ˣף
˾˼⻰ﶯ˶񣺡˷ģԸضѪΪ˷ǡ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
лҪ˵˾˼ǲҪģҴԼװ׳Կ~~


48 
ܸʵ˵ͷù˾˼վſ, Լ˷䡣
֪˵ʲô, Ƭ֮, Źӡ, ܸ´һ£δƺʹۣ۵·ȥԼҵҲƲ㣬ȥ·˹ȥɡ
ϡ
ܸʰڰ֣ȥˡ
˾˼ȥ
ܸʻȥ˽Ѻ, пֵɢȥ, ˾˼ʰ˶, 뿪
ֱ, Ϳվſ, ϿȥЩԥ, ˾˼ֱ, ɻƴ磿
û˵, ƺ˵ʲô˾˼ЦЦƴҲҪؼ˰ɣһɡ
˵ͷŹ˾˼ȥ, ߳ãð죬Ͱ͵ԭ, ԭôİ
˾˼šһһȭŹˣûʲôġ
Ĭţһŵյ¶ллˡ
ҲǷڵ¶
˼һƺһشڵǰҶᣬǸȹϵĹӸԶеѣҸǸүǶ
ƴĻ˾˼ҡҡͷְҲǴչˣ˼мƽյķԸΪĥҵǣһ˵ġ
¶Σǣ˼ǰġ㲻á
ôأ˾˼Щɻοͦõġ
ǣ̲ס֮ǰﱻ򣬾Һֵܸɵġ
˵ţЩţϽʱǲ˽㣬ʹҾûԹԣ
⻰˾˼Ц֪
˽˾˼ƽ͵һ֣Ҿٷϵ·ˡû˵Ҿã֮ʵֻЩᣬҲΪòãҲû˵ϣܺʹҺúദ
˼
⻰һʱӿ
˵˾˼֪ǣԹ˾˼գʱȫǡû׷Ӽ˵ķָǣǵĽɡ
һ꣬Ȼ۸
ЩܣرصȥȥԼµд˾˼飬̧Ļļ磺ƴ粻Ҫ룬ˣԺһҪ̴硣
ģ⻰̱֤Ժһֵܣ˭Ҫ鷳鷳
˴仰˼Ķˡ˼ǳûʲô׾죬Ժָ㡣
ҵһԸ̹һЩķʽϽӦ˾˼޲ͷΣ˾˼˵ʲôӦ¡
ȵ˷ֱʱĵ˾˼ŰƱ˾˼ЦЦͬ
˹˾˼ԭ£˿תͷͷԼȥĥô˵һԺҪԹ˾˼һЩ
ȻûǺãӭһ鲼ڴǰʱͱ˺һƬһȭ߾˭˭
㲻˵ŹĬᡣʱ˾˼ûԶĽϽϽӣȻͿ˱Ż㡣
Ŀԣ˫Ƭ̣˾˼ʹ˸ɫ󺰣Сܣ
üͷݺݵһڴ˸Ͻˡ
˾˼С򿪻Դϵ鲼ڴƴ磬ɻã
ͷתԺſŹ˾˼˭
û塣˾˼̿ڣǣƴ磬Ҵȥɣ
Щˣæû¶û¶
Լվ϶ǰĳңг̫ˣ˼˼ˡ
ô᣿˾˼æƴȥ
òã֣æܾԶˣǰ档һʲôͣϱڼأȻȥˡ
˾˼ţͷͻ뿪
ȻԶˣӰ˾˼תЩοСתǴЦõɣأ
⻰ĥųˡ
˶ˣʣһˣ˸ӣȥ·ʲô¶һ㣬ЩŹ˾˼
˾˼Ƭ̣̲סЦôôƤأ
۸㡭
Сڡ
˾˼ЩΣʹ˴
㲻˵˾˼ģеǰȥס֣˵ʲôȴֱӶÿЦãֻܵˣȻؼҰɡ
ֻ˼ң˾˼ﻻһɴۣ߳ڼ䣬λϿ˱
ȥƽ࣬ߵǰԥƬ̺󣬲ŵԺô嶯ˣôԺ֪ˣҪġ
ͽ𣬡̣С˵ʲôٴ
⻰˵ˣù˾˼̲סĿͷһ֪Ҳôǵʱ
ǰԶ塢ᡢȣȻµĴϣȴ嶯ִֻ֣ÿɰˡ
˾˼һ뵽ŹΪ;ָˡ
Ȼֱֶ̫ЩȴҲ֣һֱߵȥִ̧ϡ
οҲˣҲˣ
˵ţ˾˼̧°ͣŪЦһ
һĵ֣һۡ
˵Щ㲻˵´Ҳ׼ţ
ţ
˾˼ЩɻѾٹ˾˼ǰļ棬ҲٹˣɴཫһƣͷŻ´Ҫ۸㣬ʹǡ˻ؼңˣ
ô죿˾˼ǰСЦһˣҲɻʲô
㰡
̧ͷѿڶ˵ʱ˶ˡ
ҲЩ죬ԼǺʱͷԼҲһˡ
˾˼ɵЦˣϰԽԽˡ
˵ţչȥͷϣЦҳ
ͷỤ̄򶨵ԿڷѣܳԶ٣
˾˼͵Цˣ㣺˵㿿ңҪһҪ𣿡
㿼ô죿ѵһ㣿
ˣ˾˼ЦŰ֣һǳɡ㿴˸˲㣺û

㶣æô͵ˣ
˾˼ЦЦһӣЩ衣
֪ҪˣϽ˲裬ϴӡ˾˼ǰȫ˵һ飬ܽù˼ҵһ࣬ˡҲΪضҪʼ취ֻͷҸȥˣȻмҡ
ԣǼ¶ұܣĴ㣿׹˾˼ͷˣһͨˡҲߣΪҸӵܳѣ˭Ϊʣ㲻ϸر𻵵ˣֻӲʹ
ûʲôãպҪǧǧѵ˲ɣ˱ѣ֮
㱻ˣҲ֨
˾˼ţЦЦҲ֨һҪͶԣ˵ûȺǷⶼǣǲŸѰΡ
ţɫЩӣ˾˼ף²豭סֵڵЩʲô
ɾ˶ģҲܻ䣬̾˿Ѱ
˾˼ЦЦİɣ˭㡣
û˵˾˼֣ء𵱳վȺ޴Լ꣬ۻһã˵ʲôš
ҲûӦֻתͷ˸ͷԼҼɺޣ
üͷ˾˼̾˿в˼ɺ޵ģǲһֱôšܸ˵˵Ժˣһλã˵⻰ϿҵֻΪǹ˼ҾǮøҸôʱƾǸһְӡ
Ҳ
˾˼ҴӦĲ
ӦĲʲôˡҪʵԼŵԣҪסˣ͵ôְͰˣ
̾ϢһĹ˾˼ֱãȻˣҶǼõġ
ʵģֻһ¡
˾˼̧ۿ㣬ᡰţһ˾˼̾˿˵צо뵱Ȫк죿
⻰ú˼ˮ㡣
˾˼̧ۿ㣬˼ţ֯ԣ뽫Լ˵Ҫʲôһˣ͵ӾͿԡ뵱һõˣҪʵĳĿģҪĵ
Լ֮£ȥǱȥȥԼҵĽֻȱȥá֪ƣã˫װվһԹƣ˫ȾѪǸĥøʹƣ
ǣң䲻Լͷϡ
Ҳ䵽ͷϡ
ƽȱǮҪݽڶʹⶼѾȷõ¡Ѿù˼ɽ𻢣Ǯû֣Ϊ𣿡
˾˼Ĭȥúһ
ˣ˾˼̧һᾡģһõ·
ЦЦ취ɡʵ˵¶ࡣ⣬׬ľǰ취ǮҪӣҪǾ̫ԶǾ취Զ⣬ӣѲȥң˫⣬Ǿ׬ҪǮһ룬ûʲô취ԼҺãҲ÷õģ
˾˼ţĻϣĥƬֵ̧̣һ롣
㲻ҴӦһԼߡ
Щʱ֬ĳԽԽ㿪ʼ˵ࡣǷḻ֬Ʒ֣˴ֽüʡȵȶÿһװεԭϣһְѿţͬʱ˼ˣͬ̽Ӵ׼
ǹ˾˼һĥĻŴ̡
ﶼžžવ˾˼̧ͷһۣﴹɫͻȻ;ð
ԼһӣǶǺǻƺԼߡˣ߻ˤȥվ
˾˼һƬƽ͡
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
лҪ˵С糡
Ҿĺɨ˻ģϵ£ΨҶ
ߣ䡣
˾˼裬Ҫˡ
ߣ̺Ҫˣ
ͬΪʲôô


49 
˾˼ɵ̧ͷûף
˾˼̾˿δұ, ó͢Ǵ, պ͢ǻǲš
, ǲŵԭ, ΪܸԼ˵ԼһӮǽǮˣ˭ˣ
˵ǡ˾˼Цǵ޷ˡ
ɽǮҲܱǮá̾˿٣ܸӮ, ỹǮǡ
˾˼ͷ, ûж˵, ڳ, , ŵҪһγ͢, Ҳծ, ծһֻһծ, һùԴԴǮһγ͢, 볥һεծȻܽģʽȥһ͢һծˣнл, ٽ費ѡ
˾˼̧ۿ㣬Ըĥŵ˵ǮҪ͢лҪ׬Ǯǲž˫رա˵ծ˾׬ǮķӡһһҪļֵһʿܻϵǮЦôô󲿷ŵļֵ
ǰһ¶
˾˼ͻȻڣ̧˾˼תıʣӱϣɵŵǰĳиˣ˵иרŷӡǮٸϵӲ͵ʱϵҲãһǮÿ¶ĵ룬ǮŲҲǮңǸһѷѣÿһ˹ǮǸÿ׬һģͻһǮÿ˶ѹڳҲţǰ·ţԱߵˣĵȷȷÿ¶õǮÿ˶ǮŽȥҼǵûûһ꣬ʶ˼Ǯ˶δؿ
أϽ׷ʣ˾˼ЦЦһ죬ͻȻͲˡ
㶣˾˼ûзӡǮʱݸԣĶô˽ǮŵǮͳݽǮҪˡ
ԣ˼ǣһܲǿûмֵ
ԡ˾˼ͷһ£ȻҪԼļֵδܲȫҾܲ׬ǮһϰԸһֱЩծҲǲ˽»˸ʵۣҲ⡣
˾˼˵ţЩҵѰӣծȻ¸ϢǮծȻͻһֱȥ
ԡæԽծֳɳծͶծѡ񣬳ծϢߣծϢ͡Ϣ·ţǷ֮һ3굽ڵծʣһ͵ˣǮͻὫծȥ̰ͼծϢܺͣͻһʵļ۸
һ˿򣬿׬ľٽǮϢûôҪһҪ׼ʱ
ԽתԽ죬Ͻʼƶ
νƷȥϣһԼķӣ˾˼ڹָϣǸϤ
ĥһϣֱҹŽꡣ˾˼ȥдӣŲס˯ˡ
˾˼дʱɫȥ˯ʱС˴Ժ˯
˾˼ЦЦǰĹĪҸӿ
һˣ빲Ǿ޴ĳ͸ж
ôһˣƽյĵκ˲䡣
˾˼ͷ㣬ֽ̧ڻһ£Ȼ˲ı˵ţ˯ˡ
˾˼ֻ˯˰ʱϴ֮ɫܸݼ
ܸʱѴ˾˼ȥûһȴš
磿˾˼üЦŵ⻰Ӧǡˣ㣬Ҹ׵İɣ
˵ţŹ˾˼ͥԺ˾˼˵˵ͷ뷨ãҲܾˡ
˵ţԺܸڴȭոմһȭǱǰȥӣӲ˾˼;һ顣ܸʲϵĺһۣЦŵ첻ȥԼ𣬴ʲô
¹һЩ뷨Ҫܴˡ
뷨ܸЦЦУ鷿˵ɡ
е鷿˹˴šܸʴӹ裬˵ɡ
¹Լһʱҹ¹˼ǰܾףԽʴˣպ󷶴Ĵ㣬һʱ֮ƣǧ֮ʢ
νһʱ֮ƣνǧ֮ʢ
ܸʵͷ֣ϱ鿴ϲŭ
˾˼ܸʣŵǿ֮ߣ䣬һͳȴһʱ֮ơ
ǧ֮ʢأ
Ϣڵǧ֮ʢ
⻰ܸЦˣҲûǧ
δ֡
ˣܸʰ˰֣ˣԼҵ˵͵ġ
¹ٲҡ˾˼̵ȱǮȱ¹ٲ֮ʵ¡ֻ¹پãиõİ취֪ɷһԡ
˾˼̧ۿܸʣŴ˲Ƕ֮ˡδ֮ڷ˶ԣֹǧ֮ء
ܸû˵Ź˾˼㻹˵
˾˼ڵأ¹ֻΪ˷ǰˡ
ܸƺ˼һʲô취
ܸ뷶㲻ϸˣҲ׼֮ͽ취ǲİ취
ˣ˾˼ҹҿ˼ڤ룬ǮȻҪҪģֱǿδضǴϴѵ۵㣬˺βǽڰգбϢ
Ƕ̷ܸǲš
˵ꡣծҪȾ٣˵Ǿǽֳͣһǳڽ꣬ĽǮϢߣһǶڣ£Ϣ͡ǽծһһݾֳڷݣҰ蹺򡣡
ÿ»һϢҾÿ¶ܼǮ϶ǲŵģ˶ʼ׬ǮͻĶȻծծ׬Ǯ˽°нֻͨҪծöȽǲݰԼ򣬵ʱʮˣ򣬵ʱǵǮԴԴڸأ򡣡
⻰ܸ˼
òϣĶˡ˼ţʲôǮ
ûǮʱծծû취İ취Ϊһ͢õķʵǷչ
̧ܸͷ˾˼ʱ˿̣˾˼Ѿֱӳơˡ
һ¶֮ɫ˾˼ȴɫ·ȫ֪Լ˵ʲô
˺ܾãܸʶ裬һڣ˵
ǿʢάһ֮ƽȣУºͣվͻðǮҲԸ⻨ǮջǮиҵиҵȻ٣Ǯ͢˰վͻӡǴӰõǮùʢȻǮң˻ģǻרһ滮Ǯȥٷ̣Ҳδɡ
ܸţú£뷶һ¡ԼҵǮҪѾãʰһ£ҲǲС
¹ס
˾˼Ͻܸʵ˵ӣϣȥ¶ɡ
˾˼ԣӷϣ˿ȥ
ţǱæôַû
˾˼ЦЦ̾˿֮ǰҲȥӣܾôɲ֮ʦΪ벻ʲô÷ӣ뷨á
δС˾˼пʵӣʵ̫Ҳûӵķˡ
ǵͷͻȻ˵Щ۸ˣ
С¡˾˼ڰ֣Щ˶Ӳĵͷߣ¶ͬ˵
С˶Ҫͷֳ֣˾˼ЦҲ̫û˰ɣ
һʱ˾˼ţͬ񣬱ֱȥ˸á
һţͿվԺһ϶ˣ˾˼ЩȻһ֪϶ġ
߽ǰˣֵǶ׼ˡ
˾˼л˻ˣԼȥ
һúܴ·˷׷ײĿ˾˼һ·ҡȥԸԼҴš
ûӲվſڣ˹ȥҶһƣ֪ãϽԸʱԼҵļԺ˳Ѿһҹδߣڴƣ˵ͷɡ
ܼҳȥ˾˼˽
˾˼ˣһ·ߵúɣͥԺʱܼͥͬҽͥԺﻨݵ޼ٲȻһ湫ģȫġ
Ժ˳Ź˾˼˫£䣬û˵˾˼źָ̧֣Ա߿˴ˣ롣
˾˼񣬹ԱŮ˲裬˾˼һڵǰĽ룬һǧ𣬡˵ţ˾˼̧ۿԺ˳ЦŵүĲдĳĳĲ
ĵϷ򡣡
Ժ˳ƽͣǴ촰˵ɣ˴ˣԼҴţкιɡ
һҹʱү룬үû𣿡
˾˼²豭ôģתͷͥԺҡҷĻݣƽ͵үΪ˼ݣɢҲΪʲô
Ժ˳û˵źɫѪ˿Ź˾˼˾˼תͷЦЦԴĪǻ֪ݵ¶ɣ
ݷ¶ҲˡԺ˳⻰ɫȻޱ䣬ŭˣ
Ϊβң˾˼Ժ˳ΪΪʳүΪƷ˻ʲôң
үǲǲ֪ڶʹıʲôݲ֧ʲôȪݱ̼ļ裬ΪǮȥڶʹʼΪΪʲô׼
үУѡԸҪǮҪ
Ժ˳ɫ̧ۿ˾˼ʲô
˼ʲô˾˼ЦǾ͸ʲô
֮λԺ˳ŭˣ˾˼ҡҡӣүᣬλãԸġ˲ٵˡ
̫
˾˼Ժ˳ģ˼Ƭ̣ڵү̼֮ͬ뷨Ȱһ䣬˳ƶΪҪġҪ˼һǮȫǷҪø㣬ʱǾһҵĹ˼ҡһһ֮أδҪˡ
ɽڲûգҲáң˾˼ӣ̽̽ӣ˽ͬ͸ɣҲľҪװǮ취ƽġֻ˵Ķѡ˶ѡ
ʲôԺ˳̧ۣ˾˼˻ԭλãЦŵҾͲ֪ˡԴˣǿǴһ㣬Ը
Ժ˳ҧ˾˼ͷЦȥˣˡ
Ҫ٣
Ժ˳ڳ˾˼˸һʱ룬ҪȸɡҾš
Ժ˳һ˦ӣվԸȥ̧ӡ
صվſڣ˫£䡣Ź⣬Ź˾˼˾˼£ҪǧС
˾˼ȲĶ΢΢һ٣Ժ˳Թŵˣһк³˴նԺ˳ߵ˾˼ߣˣҵŰɡ
˾˼û˵һڲ꣬үˣ²ǵֻǳ
Ժ˳̧ۿ˾˼ɫƽ°֮үչȻұ㣬꣬мأ
˵ţ˾˼²豭ɫЦЦվԺ˳񣺡¸ǡ
˾˼ߵԺӣԵӣǮ˸ã˲ֿ⡣
ʮ˴˻ȥ
һȥǵĸ̶̻̲ҸԳı˾˼ҹ
Щ¶Ҳ֪Լôˣ;ÿģŵƣЩãȻ·ϣȥ˻ſڡ
Źٸ̨ϣƷ̨ױϡЩԥˣҪСţȷ˻ؼҰɣ
˾˼˰֣Ц磬ҵҼӣȻȥɡ
ŲЦˣ֪֮Ȥȥ
֮󣬹˾˼ſڡ̧ͷǣⰲҹͻȻҵԼĹޡ
һƯһ꣬ҵŴ̲ס΢ЦһЦź˵ŻųһţͿ˾˼ſڡ
ǰһƣȴ˹ۣ㶣˾˼ŵվϵĻңº͵æˣ㡣
Ա߽öЦӡ˵ˣˡ
˵ţһС뿪㱻ֵúһȻߵ˾˼ǰ㲻ҪȥԼôæˣʲô
ˡ˾˼ֱӿڣ㶣תͷȥҿͻȻ˵Щʲô
˾˼Цüۣо䣬ֳѶĸɾ
ҫǰȥ
оע̲סͷˣ
˵꣬˾˼ͻȻ֣ڻ
㣬̲ס뿪ңһֱңòã
ȻİЦ㲻ң뿪㣿
˾˼û˵֪㲻㰲οоƽϲãȴԾôһ˿˵塢ССʡ
Ҫ࣬ȴֲ֪㻹ʲôܹ࣬ٸ
Ѿõ㹻ˣ̰ģ̰ˡ
оӵȡķʽˣڲŷſȻ֣ùĶŵƣ˵ߣؼҡ
㲻֪ʲôԸоı仯ʲôû˵ֻ֣ʯ·ϡ
ˣһɫۣ·ȴƵģ̲סЦ㶼ٵˣЩ
ȲزҪ˾˼ͷô
ʲôϵüһˣעòֲԷ𣿡
ʲô˾˼һҵǳϰְҲҵãǲŸõ
㶣ӦЦã̧һѹ˾˼˾˼Ƥ
˾˼໴Уαʹϰ壬飡һС
˾˼㱻ЦĶȫȻûôˣܰô
ô˵˾˼һ棬ͨŮȻǲôģܴһõŮˡ
㽩˽ȻһЩ˼֣˵·ѰʲôӦ˾˼Ͻ̧ļ磬ЦŵˣΪЩҸ˵úܡ
͵Ӧһ˾˼ʵͲףܴ˴һõˣôԸǰ˵仰ͺߣһ͵ͷ
ۿŴԼʮϵˣȫܸɳ¶
̲ס̾˿ֵ̾ʲô
룬˾˼Щźһڼͨ͸¿ףϣȴ֣ҾǸͿ
ţ
ͬ˵۸ǣҵǲŵģҾ;۸㣬鷳
̲סЦˣȥ¥鷳ʱˣ
Ҳ㰡˾˼æȻӣ۸˭
Ц˾˼ͷһۣ˹°͡
ҲÿɰžǱ۸ġ
̲סˣŶЦ
˾˼ЦҲ̲סǡ
ͻȻ;ãзģŬģģ塣
٣˫֣ʵΪǰ
Ҫٻƽƽ
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
лҪ˵С糡
˾˼ǵļƻǣ쵱췢ծʵƻݻΪҵĽϵ
㣺죬ˡ
˾˼
㣺ǵļƻǣף֣ףϴȻ걧̥
˾˼죬


50 
ԼҵǮ˹, սս
ӿ, ˶׼, һ, һĴ硣
ӰÿЩж·߽˾˼˾˼и˻Ǯ񼸺˺ͷ˾˼Щ̵м˰ü̾˿ˣҿЩˡ
һҲвзԼߵؤЩ, ÿն, ƺڷڡ
ҧҧ, ǮƸ˼˱, ͬʱʱʱ̴̿ųеĶ
Խ, ÿӴ˳, ڲԶİֿһҷֵ, ʱʱڰ֮, ÿæŵ̵¶ʱ̲סʹ˾˼ܸôı񻹲Ϣ𣿡
˾˼Ӧһǻɡ
ܸ˺ܾ, ˽ʮգڲŸ˹˾˼Ϣ
Ƿģͬ˾˼ļƻȷ, ˳ڵ̫գȷǸ취һԡԣǾȥ
ǡ˾˼˿ѾԭҪõöࡣ
ӼȻȥҪгЧף˰
һ
˰򡣾ʮʯ
һ˰հǧʮʿһʮʯн200أҪһأóһʮ֮һ˰գʮһȵݡ
˾˼±ʣҪôӣܼǹ˼Ҿġܳ룬ʲô취Ҳܣҽ㣬ȥɡͳͳ㣬ܳɣ
̧ۿŹ˾˼ɫ֣أ֡
˾˼򴽣Ƭ̺һ¹ס
˷˾˼վ
Ѿ׼ã͵ŷһ仰ǰŸߣҡ
񷽲Ǿ£׻£˰ղʮ˼Ҿ˼ԼҾģҲʮ򡣸̣ŵĶأûж١ǹ˼Һų׸ҿɵһ˰գɴҲУܴݵģҲ˰Ҫ˰˼̼Ҹ̸ף
ȻվҪȥ˾˼õҦңҦ̼Ҵͷӵܱ鲼ٳǷҲҪֱ档
˾˼֮Ҧ̬ȵҲ˾˼뷨Ҧ˵꣬ҦԥƬ̣ڵ׹˴˵˼̾˿Ҳûа취İ취˴Ϊҵȷˡ
Ҧҿͷ˾˼ûţм½½ǰ˹˾˼ġծ
˾˼߰ʮծֳݣծЩǿҪ̼ҹģһһٻ̼ңݼв򡣶ʣһʮծ򱻹˾˼ȥ
רڸ￪һ为ծծûйƣһǮҲǰ¹ˣϢߣҽѹѵһϢҲϡ
һ˱ر鷳˾˼òרһЩˡ
ţڹ˾˼ˡ
һ˲࣬һˣһЧʵķ˸ӡֽͱţ¼ڵ
Ŷծ˾˼ÿȥ̼˵ծ
¹ȥĶծò࣬һЩĵСøʮġһ档˾˼ҽ֮ҲӲͷ
ұݾϵ۹˾˼˵Ƕװ
˾˼ʱҵĴŴݻͷݵô˻ҪǮǰɣٸ鷳СûУ
ĻȻŲ˾˼ģֻҲģ˵̫ܲá
ҹ˼ңڴշתࡣ˯ţֵɾĪҪˣº͵ҲһʱˣܸеѪֶΡ
˾˼򴽣㿿ؿڣЦ֪ЪЪٹЩʱգһµϢŵڵծͻˣҸ취
˾˼û˵ſؿڵĹﶯ˶ůڻȻǻ˼Ҳ֪Ϊʲôÿ˼;ñʲôѹȥЩôƽᡢ峺ƽ͡
ֱ̧ú̾Ϣһˣ취
ڶңұɴ˴ţ˾˼ſվãЩΣǻá
Σ˴ǮҪޣڸæһ졣ȵʱ֣ůͻȻоЩļ£̧ͷҡŵĲľЩ㱡
Ƭ̺󣬻ҴææϽˣˡ
˾˼̧ۣЩãȻȥ·ϱ˽ˣ
˾˼ı΢΢һī䵽ֽϣȾһƬ̿֡
ڰµꡣ
ǲԶŵģµ꿪ˣվҪȥһˣھֵˣִ׳·
ǰգŴҴҴأ
˭֪ȫĲ𣬶Էȴȫ壬ɽϼʮçھֵһɱֻ֮ӡŮ
ӡɪɪɫףҲǹ򶨡Լȹǿ侲λ׳ʿƣϲ̫࣬ȥȡ
⻰˴Цһõӣ˽
̧ۿȥԷȥʮΪӢһֱ˶еˬʣһ̴ϹᴩӢԵЩˡ
ӴԷתͷͬ˵ŮģջС
ӡ⻰ʱɫɷסԷȥӡ졣ӡһסӡ죬ӡߣһһ澪ֽе˾ңң
֣ûзӡ죬׳Ц͵ͽֱӳ˳
ӡϱˤܱʼΧת
ֱװΧĸоֻǿԼץӡ֣Ī¡
ǵ⻰Цһ㾪У㿸ϡ
ˣˣ
ӡ˹ȥԱһ˽ӡһѳ˴ڣǵнһ˦ʹˡɽ
㷢ͼֻȺ˸˷ܣҧסأԼ˵
ӡ˵ĶŪ¾ӡļŲҧ´ۿת
ƴơ
ûҪƣֱӴǣΪҪˡҲǶԹ˾˼Ҫ˼ܾЩƹ˾˼ġ
ɽˣҪô˶ԷǮƣҪôǶԷԼˡ
ŶԷԷò˵Цŵ㷽˵һǸư͡
ͷԷ°̧ͣͷţ㶢𾪵Ŀһ˿£ԷһЦˣﵨӵǴúܡҽʲô
㶢Է͡һ㲻˵Ҳ֪ݵϰ˵ţͷ򱳺һֵ˵ܸ磬ϱϲ֬ǰɣ
ԡܸ纩ЦǰȥҪĶϻˡ
ģҲ׼֮ͽ԰ЩĥŴ̽ϢҲܻͺͺ
Ӧǳפ⸽һƬɽˣСͷĿǶϵϴӦһлүˡ
㱻Ǵɽկϣӡ춼ڲ
ܱ˶ɢֻһ˸Ƕ˷ʱڿڵӣЩǮˣܸ˫ݡ
⻰㶣Ƭ̺ͻȻЦ
üͷЦʲô
Ƭ̺˼ͷһ˼ҽҹӣҾеЦ
㣺
ͻȻеоԼģһȫ̸еĶ
ڲһԼԵһ㣬ŵǸ֪˭Ǯ
λһг񣬺Ѿ֪˭ֻǹһ㣬ƽв˼Ǿ˼ҪʵǲǲãԺм˼ƣҿԱ֤ܸģһλࡣ
û˵̧ۿһֻļȣĿš
ЩϢ̲ס˵𣿡
һͷˡ
Ρ
ͦƯġ
ţЩ£Ŀȫͣʮ̹Ȼҷ˵Ȳ˵Ưˡ˵ģôʮƯĹҲʡҲزȥˣҪҰɣ
˵ţһΪԺү֤㡣
ţðŷӦʱȭͷǺֻҧѾˡ
ŶǸ֪𣿡̯̯֣㶼ˣҲûˣȥ˾˼㣿
⻰ɫɷףȫЦ⣺㣬Ժһӣǵ¡ҪպٻӣҪ˼һӣ˭ġ
˵ţЦЦ˼źίǰɣ
ᡭŲȥ㣬ƺϲʹӣ°ͣݵȻᣬ㶶ʲô
Ҽҷ㣡ӡװŵӴɨȥ˵ķݣ
ӡ챻ôһ𣬶ʱƾˣ˻ȥף˵ʵʵ¶أҲҾġ˵ʲôǮǮģҲ⡣ҽҲʮˣϴҸϱȥ㻹˳ۡҪǳúÿ
˵ţֿһ㣬Щ裬Ťͷȥŵأպã˵ƢҲϱܺãϲʲôҶԸʲôҲûЩ˵һ뷨ȥ޹Ҳ⣬Ҿˡȥʵ˾˼˰ˣȥˣô㣿ɽϣǿֹһӣͦ𣿡
ҷˡ㿴Щһң˵ƾʲôҪһӣ
㶣ǰñÿҲãƢҲرãҲܺãҪʲôңܻһµٺ֬𣿣
һµǮ֬
ĬƬ̣ڵʲôɽͼ֮ĳ󻭲ôģһô֬
㶣ŭ֬Ҫ𣿣
Ǹʲôһ±ƣֱǸܼǶ
㱻ˣӡ˳ܵʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôͻȻͱر𵭶˳ӣСˣˣɵġ
仰عһѹƢͬӣ¶ҵĻתկҪĶ̸
İɡ̾˿¶̸ˣ㰡סԼСͲˡ
˵Żʱ˾˼վԺ
һ£ɫƽȡ
ӼæүˣǺڷկ֡
˾˼ͷʺܴ磬źˣ
źˡ
ӦѾķԸ˱ȥˡ
š
˾˼ӦһƬ̣ܿܿһֽͬ˾˼ӣȵֽˣüſڣûҵĶˡ
˾˼⣬ܿܿӹֽֽݺܼ򵥣
ڷկ
ݣ̵үȥãǵ壬ȥİ
˾˼û˵Ƭ̺ȴ˵˾䡣
Ӧû¡


51 
רſġ
˵ԭ˼, ר㡣֮, תͷͬллҡ
, ˸, ҪûأСѾͷܾҪ̣ˡ
㲻˵ӡ̲סͲ̣ˣ
ӡ죡һץסӡ죬ӣѾ߲, ſں, ¡
¼, Цп, ·ܿһ仨һ㣺˵Ϸ, ϷĹ, ǲǶģ
ʲôЩɻ, Ȼŵ, 秵ġ˵ֺòƯ, ֲ񣬡п, 侲úܣ
㱻ôţɫ
ôһѾȷϣӡ˵öԣǸɵġ
ɵɵӵĺãʱ򣬱Щ¶ǿǵĴ󺺣ҪĺܶࡣҺۼһ棬֪ǵˣ㿿ӣŲݵİɣͬ˵ˣҪȢϱǲᶯġҪ֪㲻ϱǿɾͲ֪ôˡ
ӡţЩ£ֱ̧΢΢ϰǶлˡ
Ǿֱӿڣ۾һգգڲӦҾ㣬Ӧ㲻ڴӦˣͰóףʡô¡
ӣԥŵһ£ô𣿡
Ѿ֣ˡ
̵㿴ˣֱӿˣúÿͿˣҰ㿸ء
㣺
ҪǼңһկÿϱҿӡ
˵ţѾʼ㵱۵ӣ̲סЦӡÿɵӵı鿴ŶԷ˾ôţվȥŴϣڵϵ˯ɣǣʲôһֵᷢģġ
ӡͷЩ˯һֿ˿ԱߵĲݶѣ룬ƺˣŶ֪ˣӲǰɣ
˵ţ߱ϣѲݶѹѹԼ۸˲ݶϣͬӡˣ˯ɣˡ
㹧лӡ˯˹ȥЩɻ󣺡㲻˯
ƽ͵»磬˯⡣
ƽʱʲôʱ˯
̽ЩϢӦʱ䣬пôæЩʲô
˶࣬ţ룬Ϊ˱һԼѾɻݣңæҲҪġ
һֱ˯𣿡
Ȼǵġ
Է𣿡
Ȼ
Ҫˣһֱǵ𣿡
㿴ۣЩ֣ǵ˵ͷȻᡣ
̫ˡֵԺ޸ңӦҸ
㣺
ٲҪˣӡ޿ֱ̣ŭ⣬վӰɣ
վʲôֱ׳ҳѾ˧ˡ
˵ţͿʼǳɻ⣬ѹӣʼ̽Ĺȥ
Լ֪ǰӦ߻ʶܸ磬ܸ˺ڷկΪոǿںڷկ˸СͷĿԭ򣬵һɱˣڶ۸档ڷկһȰٸƶҲڷկ˺ܶྭ룬˻ò
ڷկȻûж˵ϢӦĳЩԱϵǧ˿ơ
ǰüγаնҪ˺ڷկǹٸ֮Ψһһ˷ˣ˷ǰͱڼС
Ӵ֮ȫҹڷկ
㾲ţﲻɵöԹ˾˼˼ֵġ
æ㲻õģˣҾˡ
βӡ쿪ˣȿ˿ڣ죡
ӡ
ţеί
˾˼˺ڷկţͻӽйԸŵܴȥΧң֤ҲܺͺڷկͨţǱߵıҪסǶˡһٿñڷկٺˣռݵ֮ռ˱ˡ
ȷԥŵҪٵȵȡ
ٵˡ˾˼ϵƴ磬£ѾоڷկˡȻڶ࣬ϺˣһȺں֮ڣǸΪֻܴҪһͷҪǶǿԼҡ
صڿʼһɽм䣬취ʵĹɽʱɽӦкܶأȥũʮͷţʱţβϰϱڣɽϷźţǾ͵ȼڣɽóìţɽţɽ󣬻ȴǵĻأǸ㲻һһͿԿЩء
סͷ˾˼ֽӽйȥؤգȥΧɽ˴㣬˵ֻҪɽ°غȥ˶һͷʱɽץһܵһʱƴ翪ʼɽơ
ס
Ӧ
ҷź֮ǰԶ㣬Ҫ˷֡
˼ͷ˾˼û˵ȥʼ·
ﴩ˻ףֱϰذףִҩƿУһѩ·ɫɴͷڣһգȥһŵĶˡ
˾˼׼һţͿͽվǰ
ۿͨ죬ǰŹ˾˼֣򴽣ȴǵΣ㶼㡣
˾˼㶣Ƭ̺͵طӦʲô˼
ȥɽկᾭЩʲô˶ȥ֮󣬻ῴʲôҲҶ롣ɽ仰ȴͬ˵ۿʲôԶ㣬˼ҵĶϱ
һ뵽ܷ£ľ͸о·лֺޣϵȻ
ĸסĸλģҺ㶼úõġ
˾˼˵䣬ת󲽳ȥ
Ѿ⣬˾˼ţͬͻһ䣺Ǳ̫֮󣬱㷭ȥ
ܼһ·񱼳⣬ֱȥ˺ڷկϡ
죬ּڴϢּ飬ྣŵ磬¶ûϴ˵˾˼ˣ
۾ʱӡ˾˼֣͵ؾѣƬ̣ȴǵô죿
磬Щż㰡
ˡ
ˡ
˵ţվץ㡣
ģԥƬ̺ͻȻͷ࣬ȥ·
㾪гŵӣӣ
ץ·Щģôһڣȷ˼ֱӡ
ӵϼ·ϣ̧ۿӡ֣Ҫ
ӡ޺Ըͷ·ЦһִļϣͬҷͬЩ˵ҪģŰߣôװ߳Ҳý
û˵ץԼ·ȥĶ
ڻӡԼ߳˴šǣһһ־
ţ˵һۣٺ˵˵ŵСӣ˺졣
˹Ц
ӡãһʮϷƤ֮ϣźɫ멣űָɫЩڲ԰ףȥм䡣
㹧ߵ˶Էӥү˴ˡ
ˣӥү¶Цݣͷƽˡ
ãӥүƣҵҪ˴裬Ҫô졣
ӥүվ̧ۿǰſˣ
ˡ
ߡӥү˻֣ȴǵСӣȥӹ˴ˡ
⻰ɫЩףŲ΢΢һ١
Ҫȥ˾˼˾˼
˾˼ӣô룿㡭һῪһˣݵһ̣
Ҫתͷӣͼһס
΢΢ԼǿһȺߵ˳¥ϣȻͿ˾˼ɽ·ϣźڷկԶԶ
һˣһӣһһȥ̤ͻٸ߸һӦ
˵ܴ򣿡ɿһ㣬壿˵ţܴ˰ɡ
û˵÷ɿ졣
˵˿ʲôоȾǰ̫ɵôһ˹־ú£Լ⸱ģмְΣˣȻġ
Թ˾˼ƺһäĿΣܾΣˣһжõġ
תͷһֿۣ˹˾˼һۡ
˾˼ԶͿվڳ¥վŸˣŶԷۡ
˾˼оͣˡ
Īıŭ֮УԽԽҪԼ侲
ľƣֻҪߴһܾǽվ֮С
ϴЦݣڷկ£ɽկǰͣס
ӥүǰһȵߺˣ
˾˼̧ͷˣǺЦ̬
˾˼ڣȪʯ̣¹׾ϣĿϡɫûû񣬾һƽ͵ЦᣬȺ˵Ǿ䣺ӥүţΪƽݼ
ͻȻƽˡ
лֲ֮̿£ɢȥվڳ¥֮ϣע
һ㣬ˡ


52 
㵹ӥүŹ˾˼ɫӡ˾˼ЦЦ, ӥүʢ, ܹҿ˴, ½ȥӰɡ
ðӥүǸ, ˣ֪ǽˣǽˡ
˾˼ɫɴЦȴۡ
ڷկկŴ󿪣˾˼ȥ
˿Ź˾˼, ˾˼ҡ, ȫûаɱģ, һ·˴á
, ӥүϷ, ֱ, ͷ, Щȥ˾˼, ˾˼˹Ҿоֹһͨ
˱Цӥүඹ, ÿӵߵ˴ˣǶء
¼, ˾˼Цȴͬӥүͷӥү͸ȱˮưɡ
ˮƣӥүΪ㻹Ⱦƣ
Ϊû˾˼ӣҡŵ˲Ǿã°¶ܰ¶Ҳܳ¶˷ֱ֮Ϊλôң¸λ
Ȼ˾˼ɫ˵ЩвλҲ˰¼Ҿ컹Ԥıɱ˵⡣ֻţܾˣ¡ӥүȥˣû㡣
ӥүû˵Ź˾˼˾˼̬򶨣ƺȫ塣ӥүЩɣƬ̺ڵһӡ
˿˾˼˾˼лӥүȴǿ㣬㣬
⻰ϽվȴһѰסЩſӥү
˾˼عĿϡӥүЦſŹ˾˼˾˼̧ۿӥүΪڷկӢۺܾۼ֮أ룬ҪǿƵֶΣȴһŮ˵ô
ô˵ӥүϵңЦŵ˷ͬС࣬һʱҲ¡ŮȻҪ˻ŵģ˭˭ŮˣԼסôֱܹأ
⻰˶Ҷ˵ҧأ˾˼ɨһͷˡ
˵꣬˾ͼ˾˼ͻǰֱһת絶һ֣˲֣ҲƬ̣˾˼һͽ˻㣬ͷҲӥү׼õλ߹ȥá
ŭȳˣ
˾˼£һһȣӡৡſЦŵԼסôֱˣ
ɫ쵣Ź˾˼еӣǿģ͹˾˼ղŵٶȣٽһΣҲӮˡ
˾˼Ŀջȡ˱ӣﳢ˳ȷˮûʲôŵ㴽ߣº͵ûж㣿
Щң˵Ź˾˼ֽˮȥ󣬲ЩСûС
˾˼˵ͷ类°ߵģҲͲҹٶҲȥ
ԴƬ̣ͽ·ãװˣ״ϡȻͷ˳󻹸һӣº͵Ӽġ
ֻβ׹ӣббͷϣĻ£Եʮۡ
ܱŹ˾˼ȫûǣԹ㣬һʱЩòסڹŪʲô顣Աӥүһ޿̣˴ˣһλлôģСûôŮ˰ɣ
⻰ȭͷ۾ˣŤͷȥȻ˾˼ȴ֣ƽҷˣӥүҪҺú̸עԴǡ
˲ǮǷҪǮġûңҲˣĲ뽻Ǯֻӣһ˷ڶÿңһʼٵ
˾˳Ź˾˼˾˼˿ˮҿ԰Ǯ˳еýǮҲᱻ׷¶ҪģҵҪҪ̸ҪôһȥȥˡҪô˹̸£ʼɽկ֮Уɱ١
ӥүû˵ϵİָ
ҵ˸سǣһκζͻǰ֪ͨڷկûϢҲͲõĹ˾˼˹֡
˾˼ĵΪʮİ˵ˣ˵ĵȷҲǵ¡ӥү˼룬ڽ˽йԸȥ˳
氲ӥү˵ҲͲҶ˵ʣ¹˾˼ģ˾˼ͬ˵칫¶ͬ˵֪˼Ҿ¥ζȻȥ˴ȥԶ
СӦţ˾˼֪ţ˵
Ա˿һĮȻ˭ףҸ˾˼ڵǺ磬ôо·𶼳̨ھԼζ
˺һǻδɻģЩ˿ӥүҲЩסˣ̲ס˴ˣʿɶֹˣŮôŵġ
˾˼̧ͷЦЦƽ͵һôŵġ
ӥү䣬뵽˾˼ĻԼӵ¶һʱȥ
ձ쳣죬Ⱥ˵ĵϣ˾˼һ˽С˺ȥ赹ƼӲˣ̧ͷӥүһ䣺ӥүЩƣҪ˳ɡ
կгģ
˴ϲԸһεǲ
Ķô˵
Ҳǣ˾˼˵ͷվյȤҵӰɡ
˶Ź˾˼˾˼ȴǿ˵λСֲԣ
Ź˾˼ЦٿԱЩŵ㣬˾֪ˣǹ˾˼һŭΪգ鷳ˡ
Цһվãڡ
˼
Ź˾˼˾˼֣ǰȻߣȴСȻһȥ
㽩˽˵˾˼ֱתͷվڶ
ʱ䣬ͻӶӦѾˣ͵ˡ
ӣҾˡ
㣡
һŴ󵶳ųŹ˾˼˾˼˿壬ӭͳȥĴ󵶣ֱüġӥүķ򼲲ȥ˾˼ڽڽƣȻҲһ˲֮䣬˾˼Ȼ˷һתһֻϷڳŷֱ˦ȥͬʱӥүƬ̣ӵӥүϣ𶯡
Ҳڷ˲䣬̳ķ˹ȥ
ҹˣֻŭȵèǽڣݵ֮ǰ·֮ȻٲҶ
ֻص˵ҩ
ȥסڱǣ
һƬûƬ̣˶˳ȥֻӥү͹˾˼˻УԼʣһЩȥεˡ
ʱ˾˼߲Ӧ˹ߣ˾˼ͬ㣬һｫóվڴڷˡ
ûгɣϽ˾˼ߣ̧˾˼·档
˵̽˾˼ô죬ԼֻõӥүĲӡ
ߵڣܵ˾˼
ѾʼἯȥϵȺｫӡ˳ͷߵţȻץһѵڹ˾˼ߣɪɪ
˾˼㷢ƽɽǧĪ£ܴһɽˡ
ǧ
ӥүϢţƭ˭أɽǧҲ֪
ұն㶼֪㻹֪ɽǧˣ
˾˼ЦҲ̫Ըˡ
⻰ӥү˶ˣƬ̺ŭܣ˿ݾϽ
˻ݽڶʹܸݵһͽʲô
˴ˣӥүоϵ⣬æл
ӥү˾˼̾˿ӣΪе
ӥүɫһף˾˼ƽΪڣڷկ£Ҳһȥ


53 
⻰ӥү, չ˾˼ǲˡ
ƴ˼ҪλӦ, ʱѾʼ֯, ֻǸ, ˾˼Ӿӥүϸһӥү̸оӻƼʹֳҪ
ʱ洫˾ʧĴ󺰣ٱˣ
ˣ
ȳڣҡͷ֪ö࡭ö˵ӣ
˵ôӮӥֺǵĻôǵţ
˵, ЦЦ¶ʱ˵, ¶Թ, ĵ
˵ô죡
ԷŭȳѵҪǴ򲻳ɣ
ʲô
˽ŵлб, ʹ, ʲô£
ֺҳһ, ˰Ŀʼɽȥ, ɽ¿ɱ, ˾˼Ͷںڰ֮мӥүš
˾˼ʱ̹۲ܣҵи, ֮ɽ¿ɱԽԽӥүҧ˴, ǷҪϾɱ
Ǿ͵ÿôˡ
˾˼ƽȣӥүҪҽף͵н׵ıǮ֪ӥүʲô
ǮӥүٵкܶǮ
ˣǮҲҵġ
һ֪Ϣ
ӥүæڣ˾˼üŶ磿
һ⣬ӥүϽַ֪
У
ӥүƴ˵ģ͹˾˼š
Ѿ
˴ŵǹ˾˼ģǰѹ˾˼ˣǾͲɽˣ
ӥү桭
ʱˣʲôӥү󺺺ŵߣȥץ˾˼
ɿһ˿ɽ𽥱ƽĹٱҧҧھȥ
ӥүڿڱ֮ϣ͹˽
˾˼һЩˣ֪Ѿӥү䣬ֱӽӥүͷӡһǰ
վǰĵһ򵱹Īơ
ӡ˽ҩӡ࣬ȴǿߣ࿿ţµˣöˡ
û£㰲οӡүڡ
үڣ˾˼̲סǡ
Щ˽Ἧ˾˼ǰסһһײ
۲žƣڰһԲ
ɨһ۴㣬ӡ죬ɪɪ˾˼ǳսЩƣȴԾû˿һ
ԥƬ̣ԱֻҪץסŮˣ˾˼־ˡ
ŮǰżҲŻְ
û
˵Żҧգյû취ˣȻҵҪһôסŮˣ
ţüͷʱܸ˹С򣬿߰ɣٱҪˣҶˡ
ͷ뿪ͿԷ˻ѻ
ԥƬ̣֣ԷĻѳ˦㣬Ҫ𣡡
˵֮һ߿Էתȥ
㱻һˣ˾˼Ӧ죬̵ˮ
æȥ˲˵ˮڲϣסڱǣ͵űǵ鷳
˭ֻ洫һƬң˾˼սǰú󣬻һ߿ţһˣ
󺰣˾˼Ӧ죬ϾϵȡԴϣһ˿
ҧӦ
˾˼վǰ˻һ䣺
ŷ˹˾˼æ߹ˡ
ȥ
˾˼ϽԸͣԱߣ˿ӡ
㶣û׷ʣӦһ󣬱ƿȥ
ǰŸߣ̲ס˾䣺𣿡
˾˼⻰Ͻعȥ㱧ڻͷͷο˺ˣˣˡ
һų׷
˾˼ͷţȻ˼ѿӡҩЧЩһԺ㿴һӡ죬̲סץ˹˾˼ӣЩίҡû¡
ûû¡˾˼û˼ֻǰοûˡ
ҡ˰죬ڻǺҡûҡ
˵ԽԽСЩεǸǸˡ
˾˼㶣Ƭ̺ˡ
㣬һʱЩ㶣ͻȻЩңȽŷ˵ʲôֻһЩ˵ĸӡǲΪ˻ѶԴһ˽ٺ̬ȣ˼Ҳ˵⻶ϲ
˺ܾãЩæţңҡ
Ҳںġ
˾˼ͻȻڣЩãȻ˾˼ۣ˵ЩҶںֻû۸ܲƽƽ
ĲҪ˾˼Щƣ㾭ʲôԶ㡣㲻ͬҽֻͣҪû۸Ǿ㹻ˡ
㿴Ź˾˼̬ټôģЦЦίأ
Ҿ͸ֻ˾˼⡣
۸ģҶһһʣɸɾֻ
û˵˾˼ͷæҲǲ㣬֪û۸
ô϶̧ͷЦˣһ˵ٻأ
˵ٻҲɵ˾˼ֱ׳·ûأܳʲô
⻰ʱͨŤͷȥСԹ˾˼ʲôأ
û˾˼ЩίûƼʲôҾһ
˵Żվ⣬ˣˡ
˾˼ӦæԼ˽ӡ̧ȥȻ
Ȼˡ
˾˼ԸˣҴȥ
˵ͷ˾˼ǣȥͻȻ˼ЩԥЩˣô죿
˾˼Ĭţ˺þúſڵǿЩΪҲӦá
ԥƬ̣վǵ:ˣ㲻ϻҲǡ
˵Ҳ˵ɱ˿˾˼˼˾˼˵ͷ֣İɣһᴦ˯һͺˡ
ӦͲٳˡ
˾˼ǣʱڷկһһץ
ǻûüܵģܵġӻûҶڵǴžӹھӹ֮ǰǲЩ˾һʶࡣ
˾˼˽һķӿʼڷկһʼЩ˾ˡ
Ͼˣ඼Ͷӥүı򣬻ΪӴƣΪ˺ܶ࣬Ƿ׷Ӵܡ
ӱΪ壬һץһ
һ˳˶벻ġ
ǰڴ˵ˡˣҲͽܵѺ˺ڷկ
˶ʵʵһǿһ۹ڵɪɪˣڵô죬ҪѺعٸ𣿡
ˡ˾˼ɨһۣ侲ڸӣȫ˰ɡ
⻰˶ʱʧĵĽĳһƬҲ̲סȰ˼¡
һ𡣡
˾˼ϵ:ְɡ


54 
Щԥǲ̡
䲻ʿ, ȴҲ׾г, ɱ, Щĸ˵ߡ˾˼ԥ, һܴ磬֪ʲôҪɱǣΪԸΪδ𣿡
ɫ˶˾˼ŵ¶, ΪҲǵ˶ڿδ, ҵ̬, Ƿ˺ܴ˵̬ȡ֮ǰһֱ, ֪Ѿ˼, Ҳֻ˶ӷ, Ϊ, »ת, ΪҶʾ÷ܵõǵ½⡣һϾҪȥܿϢͻᵽ, ΪֻҪǮǾףҲƭǡ
˾˼һ, ȭͷתͷȥЩʹࣺǽأ
Ҳ֣Ǿ浱Һۣ·ϣȪֶΣǻ𣿣
ܴ磬ҴӲ¶ǻˣתۿǣɫƽҲã¶Ǿӡ˶ƶ̰ܺ˽ⶼҽɱǣЩ̿ѧô죿սڼѵҪܴ˺ͷһսһ滹ҪźԺ𣿡
⻰ɫһݣһӦ֪ˡ
תͷȥͬ˵ôɡ
ҧ˾͵شӴģȫûһܷŹ
⻰ڳʱǺһƬ
˾˼ɫȻԼţǰһţʿ䣬ܱ߿֯ţ˼
΢΢úҲЩ䡣
¶С
ǹ˾˼Ĺ˾˼Щ£ȴҲ֪˾˼һУʲôΪʲô
ǰЩʱգڳҹߡȰҪѪһЩ
ֻǳǵΪ˾˼ÿղŶѣΣҲֻǽ˾˼˹١ߴһ٣뵽ߵֱ°˵ĵز
ĲҽǷ·һվ˲ݣһαЩΧš
ӡ죬ҧֻСú󣬹˾˼ͬǿЦЦˣǻؼҰɡ
ϻѪɫЩ԰ףЦǿºͣһᡣ
Ĺ˾˼˾˼ȴ˵˾䣺ҡ
˵꣬ӣʱ˹Сˣˡ
˾˼üͷ̧ͷɨһۣϸƬ̣
򴽣˼Ƭ̺һһ𣬰ɽˣţ֣򲻹ĸţ֪ͨҡˣֻһһҪ˵һһץ
Ӧһ˾˼˿ɫͬǴкʰо֮Լɽ
·϶ͣ÷ɿ죬ܿܿӡ̧˽ȥȻԸվڱϣֵ̧ݸ㣬㵱ͽ棬ƯƯ
ͽʱ
ЦЦº͵ţİɣû¶ġ
ǾͺáᣬҶʣͷƽƽˡ
ȱ˵ˣϽд
æкŵѶϽˮٷ˻ˣʲôʲô
æ˾˼վϣ˴кһڵҲˣȻȥɡ
ǣ˵ϽȻȥϢ
˾˼ȸ㿴ˣ˼ѹķӺȥ
ڴҹºѣò뿪ȴߺ󣬷һƬĬ֮С
˾˼ߣһֱûЩƣ룬Ź˾˼þúĴº͵ɾ
˾˼æߵߵ㣬ôˣ
˯ɡɫᣬÿ˴ͬ˾˼Ҳæһҹ˯ɡ
˾˼Ӧתϴϴ
קסӣˣϢɡ
˾˼˶٣ƺҲαװȥƽɫ¶ƣ£˱ӣߣס֣ƽ͵˯ɣ˯
˶Щˣ֣סǰˡ
˾˼˶٣Ƭ̺
˽뻳˲䣬ڲٲˣӵ˾˼ۣЩãȻǰ㣬ҡ
Ҳ¡ڣؿڣƽ͵ôҶ¡
˵µʱرڡ
·ʧ˻һ㣬ƽһ·ںڣô㶯֣ΪʲôҪǽʲô壬ΪʲôҪܹǣ
Ѿѡ·עҪԹ޵ġǺԹҶνΪʲôҪ鷳
㣬˾˼˿ƣ°
ˣ¡
Ҳû¶𣿡ºͳԺǳһǵһǣǻԽԽ˳ġ
˼ûʱҲر¡ºö飬Ը£Լ裬ңԺ󱻱ҡ
ô᣿˾˼Ļ˵ЦˣôЩĵ¶˵ˣҲںġ
ں濴ϣõҡǰøһᵣģҲġ
û˿ڣƺȫûŮӵɬֹĲϣ·ȫ֪Լ˵ʲôöĵĻֻǵҾϣãõĹ
˾˼
ǰ˾µݣоԼ仺أкţϲ
ֻ㶿Լ̲סͷؿڣСô˵ôһ䰡
ҡ˾˼ʿˮ㣬Щʴӣð죬ŵҡҾõĹ
ģ
ġ˾˼һֻѹԼͷ£ǰˣһ뵽㣬;ãΪʲôԡ
˴ѹĻϲС㲻ƭң
ƭ㡣
Цˣ˾˼ͻȻã¶ԺΣĺ£ԶȥĿϣ;磬˵ʲôұʲô
㿪ĵ㡣
̧ͷҪʲôҵģǾʹӦңһҪԼһ㣬ڶĵ㣬ԼϲԼ
˾˼һһţ̲סЦˣأ
ţ䣬̧ۿãȻù˾˼ͷůǱļ⣬˵ĶҶԼõ¶Ҷôã
Ѿˡ
⣬ֱ˽֪㡣
˾˼Ǹ⣺㣬ңܿˡ
СЦ㣬ҾͲܵϰ壬Ҳܱۡ㿴ļһεģ
ҶǳԷֻܳԼڣֻڵӱϣ˯Ҫȷ˯Ҫȷѵ硭ҵѾõúˡ
ա
ǲաס֣Щա˼㲻ܰԼףǸͨˡ
һͨ˲ܵģֻǾÿγ¶òáûƣ˼һϣŬһ֮࣬Ҳ뵽Ϊʲô˲ңҲˣңҲˡѡһƶѱ·ҪˣҪΪ£עҪһЩΥ£ֻҪãǾ͹ˡ
ҵķҲܽܡɱЩɽˣ;Ѱ˼ǾͰѹٴˡ
Ź˾˼ɫƽͣҲ󸻴Ҳݾ·ʺĵ״Ƶߣ㲻ĲԸڼĹ˹ӣҴһ˾ͺãòã
˾˼û˵ۡ
ţʹӦ㡣ǰ˲䣬˼ҵߴӡĲѪҵĻǰһһ
˿ڣȴͻȻ֡

ɳƳҾô䶯ˣȴ֮⣬
Цˣ׾ͺáңҲ޷֮Ⱑ
̾ϢһӣܻЩ¶ġ˼ǲʥˣģҲһԸİ
պ޼һȥ
ЦЦʱҸ顣
˾˼û˵ۣôƽ˵¡
ǰͬ˵һΣܾãΪһӣѾûѡ񡣿ѡʱȴѡ
ȥǲζʲôֻǻ嵽ڷկĵһ˲䡣
һ˲䣬ޱеʶһӣݲõڶˣ
ȥŵʲôߣ氮֮ĻƬ̶˹ƨ
ֻһ뷨ⱲҪ㣬±Ҫ㣬˾˼ŵġ˵ʱ⣬Ҫˡ
ӣһֱǣԶǡ
ͷŵ㣬ºЦˡ
ֽ̧ͷŵͷĶͷ
ãº͵Щ㶼Ǻˣκϣֲˡ
ЦŲˣҺʱ˹
˵Ļ㶼ˣ
ˡͷ֮
Ǿͺá˾˼ͷ֣º͵Ҿͷˡ
˵Żʱɽ۲Ρ
ܸˣԱԼԼһж㣬һ洦˿ڣһ͵ʹϢŵС߰ɣƾտ϶û¶ˡ
СŤͷҵôߡ
Һ㣬ܸЦΪڷկܸ·˭֪ȴ·Ӧģ
˵Щˡ侲ڲݾҺҲᶪ㡣
Ҳһȣܸ̾Ϣ㱨Ѿùˣ߰ɣˡ
ûˣ棬ߵܸǰͬӦûɽµǣұɽȻҰȳȥߣ͸Ͻߡ
С򣡡ܸ罹ΪҴֵãﻹڵ㡭
ӵֵòֵҪ˵һۣܸƴţ̵Ұ㣡
ܸ֪˵óõڲŲܸ磬һ棬è˳Ųݶѹȥ
ɽ£ڲݶȻӴڵ룬ܸſڲݶСƻȥǶҡ
˵ţվСȥŻӵ˱ʱϽСܿȥ
Ȼ˷·ûһ㣬ҧҧˤһӣڳ졣
ҿϽ׷
һ·񱼣һߴһܣʿƷϽˣһʱ˶׷㿪ʼӴܡ
ܸҧҧԼȣۣ񱼳ȥ
ǰ棬һ׷һϽ˴ˣ
ˣܸѣҲæŴֻǷɿš
ʱ΢ЩȲĹٱǱΧס
һڣͬھһһ
ΧתȻշǷһ˲룬ʹҽš
һԿţĥƬ̣˼ͷסŹ췹ߣͬԷ˵ڷկɱɱ棬ɱףȻȥҪ֣Ǿ͸Ͻϡ
˵ͷؿҹϵĻףҧҧè˹ȥ
ȻѾʮģʮСȥҲʮģȻô˹ʶ˦ŭһҪ
Ӽ״Աʹ˸񣬶ʱϵСľɫ䣬ת˵ƴ˦ŭ߿
ȻҲôƬ֮䣬Աʿͽìϡ
ڲˡŵϢſϵʿȫǳ
ǵôֶΡ
һŭǳ͢һù
үЦеҼҾүȱ衣
ǣҳò裡
ȥӳԱ°͵Ҳλүȥɡ
⻰ʶԱߣɫޱ䣬ܸѾץɫ̫ÿãͻȻһЦаҺȲǰɣ߰
˾˼һѹľϾͨ˵ץˡ
׬Ǯ֮ǼҲ½½ǰɢ˵ļ˻
˾˼ľϵĻ˵ͷתͷŻ˯ŵ㣬ЦЦ̧̧֣ľϵԱߵĽ
ýӣ˳ȥ
֮ȥϴһ·ȥ˲񷿡
񷿱ʱŪһηܸ类棬˾˼һȥЦ
Ӵ˴ˣڵôСأӡأǲҰ
⻰˾˼Цˡ
׼ǰ˵Ǹƣ˭˾˼̧֣һţžž˸ء
˶ˣ˾˼ҡӣЦŵ˵Це˵ҿӲһ㣬Ӳһ㡣


55 
µġ
Ⱳûȹơй, ȭ, ȴûһȹơ
Ӧʱ, Ѿ˰ϰ, ܸһߣΪ˻ر
˾˼ߣ˶˲裬˴ӺڷկѳĳԱһģƺ²ųںڷկ
˵˾˼תͷ, ͬڸܸĴֹͣ, ôѪ˺ˡ
ԣ
һ⻰, ʵ, ҧǰġ
˾˼ͷ, ʼ¼Ķ
ݡ
˾˼ıʶ˶, Ƭ̺, Ӧһǰְҵ
ͷ졣
ܸ̲סڵ, ˣǸˣǰȥרѧ, Ϊһ̣һŮְɱ, ˳ֻǳ嶯Щû񰡣ҺܸǰҪŹ£Աߴ򵭶סο𼤶
ܸҲԱ˵ֻǵˣûʳˣǶ˳ˣûа취ݡҲûĵطҲȥڷկûɱ˵ģֻӡ
ûɱˣ˾˼ڣü̹ɱֹ٣Ҽһɱһ
С򣡡ܸż˵䡣ˣֶǽִģİ
ܸһŤͷȥûж˵˾˼תͷܸڷկһΣһԼһǸɵģ
˲˵˾˼˵ף˵Ӳɱҵʣôҷ¶ϣأ
Ư¡
ѿھ˾˼ס¼ıʣ̧ۿ⡣
ǣ˴ˣⶼᡣܸϽֵǴЩ¶ģӥү˷Ը¶ֵܲ͵Ҫǻһˣ˿Ҫȥ˰ˡֵҲΪ룬ܾȾ;ȡֵûһָͷҲ˵ģֵܾΪǺկ˶֣ɽ˵İ
˾˼̧ۿģ
ٵġЦҪɱҪиϽġ
︸ĸڰɡ
˾˼ƽ˵ˡ˾˼ʷ£ѼǺõĿڹ֮󣬷һߡ
ǰ˶ţ˾˼ԥһ
һˣɱΥıԣΣʵʵڵġʱ֣һѻȷҪųӣܻܲס˵ˡʼղǲۣܲҲҸˡ¡
£ȥ˵˵
˾˼˼ţ;Ź˾˼
ú󣬹˾˼ڵＸˣ
ƨ¶
㲻Ҫġ˾˼ڣ˽˾˼ܸ°ͣҲ
л˵֪˾˼Ҫ˵Щʲôߴ١˾˼ԥãڻǵֲ¸Ҵ֣һ죬Σ
㶣ܸ羪Ƭ̺󣬸Ͻллˣ
Ӳݹ·˾˼αϣתűʣ·͵ƢԼȥ̵ģԼȥݵġܲһСһͷ̣ͷֵǮأ
˴˾˼ĶҲվڷկʣҪ£˾ͷĽȥڷկ¶ڶҷʧڣ˾˼̧ۣۿҾҪȫҵ
㲻˵Ҳ˵
˾˼˵ͷ߳ȥһʱ룬ҪҪҪ򵥣ڷկֵžۡҪͬ˵һ㰲¶
˵֮󣬹˾˼š
ճȥͿվſڣƺЩģŹ˾˼ˣһۣ˵ץˡ
⻰˾˼һôֲ
ϲԣ£ͷӦһ
Σԥų˾˼̧ۿֱӵδðɣ
ҲҪʵġ
ɱˡ
Щ죬˾˼üЦЦôף
ҲҲǡĿİͰ͵ôãĵҡҾҲҲ̫ˡɣ
ǸɡֳҲЩȷţ͵͵ϿĦԼĻ˵öԲԡ
˾˼һӣҲ֪Цã̾˿ȴǵˡ
ţЩãȻ˾˼΢΢̽ȥָָԼĲһڣˡ
㱻Ҫ󾪵ˣǰĹ˾˼˾˼ü⣿
˵ţֱ˫£䣬תȥǾͰˡ
ˣȻҲ֪˵ġˡʲôһץס˾˼סӣͷŤͷ˿ϣƺЩߣԱûʲôˣֵ㡣
˾˼û뵽ĻӦҪʵҲֻһᣬҸʹ졣˭֪ǰȴקӣſܱߣһ㣬С찡
⻰˾˼ǵ㲻ȫɢȥ֪ΪʲôҲЩţȴǹ򶨣΢΢˹ȥ
ż⣬ĲһڣͷȥС˰ɣ
˾˼ģ𴽡ǿ˻Ƶģѹѹȥ̧֣Цŵɣһ
ҲõġϽҪǰǴҲģֻҪ﷣ȾͺãҪô롣
ô룿˾˼˸ۣȥ
ˣΪźǾɱɡ
˾˼ĿЦˣü̲סÿɱǺҿĵģ
Ϊ˺㿪ģɱҲǿԵġ
һ档
⻰ڳ׷ˣֵòСͻȻԸƽϣʵʧݡϾѾϱÿ뱧ͱ׾ףҲǸŶӵİĽߣôãмϲˡ
һ룬˾˼ǵŤûˣһ˰ɣ˻㻵ɵ㣬õġ
⻰֮У̧ס˾˼Ź˾˼İɣҲ˵ġ
ȫû˾˼̷ܴˣҽһٸҲܣ
ôİѹЦ˼СȻӲʹûǺܿġ
ӻ˻۾Ϲˣ˾˼һۣвβҳ𵢸顣Ҫ˵ܱҿ
룬ǧǵ̺иԡ
⻰˾˼Ҳˣ˫עȫϧϧпǰܿҼ޸ңͦõģôôϹأ
Ц˶ˣ̧ȷ֡
˾˼Цû֦Ҳ㽫ֻϣˤš
ĹˣҲ͸ôЦоն೤
ˣһĹޣһĻؼ·
ϵѪӰȴһأȻ


56 
˾˼Ѫϴڷկһ´ȥǶˡ
ڷկѾ, δһܹɹ˷, Ϊ˶֪, ڷկ˵ɽ, ʵǹĵ˭붯˭㣬ڷկͰ˶Է׮⡣
˭е˶ţȻڷկ󣬻һŲ˵Ĵ, ҶŴ˭, Ȼںڷկ𲻾ú, ҲıϢ˳, ¶ͲԶˡ
˾˼, Ӳ߳, ǰ, ͬ˾˼, ˺ö̻ծġ
˶٣˾˼ϴ֣ƽ, һ£˾˼ĬƬ̣
, ȻһˣһǴ̼ͨңıһ
ЩˣȻ֪ϢҡʬδвƲͰʣµ˵ȥЩ֪˽֣˾˼ֶ壬Ȼټȥ
˾˼ЦЦͷϴ֣ƽ⼸ңҪǽҲȫծ
㶣֮ǰ˾˼һֱǱŰԸԭ򣬺ǿ󡣽ȴҪüҲȫ
˾˼ס̧ۿȥƴ磿
ǣæӦ£ͷˣȥ졣
Ȼ߳ȥˣ˾˼վڼӱϴ֡
ϴһһ飬ֱַ˺죬ۣͣ
þúһֱȥ˸á
̻˾˼Щˣ񣬴æվŻ
˾˼һ۽ŵˣȴ֮ǰûӲȫˡ˾˼ЦЦҵ˼λ˰ɣ
ˡЩ̻ԥŵݾǮ岻ݴǣ
˾˼̧ۣλ̻һˣʵôǮҲĿڴҲٵ㣬㣬Σ
˾˼ţЦЦҹ˼Ҿ˶Ǯ㵱ҿ۵ĵǶ٣
⻰ɫ̫ÿ
ٸҲܱȵ׸˾˼ܰѼҵ˵;ˣҪǮƴȷ̫ˡ
˾˼°ͣµĹ˷ţ˹˾˼Щ̣˾˼豭ϣҲöˣţҺãҶáɼȻλ飬Ǿ͹߹ٵ̵ǻͬҵ鷳ؾ׼
ˡż˾˼ֹ̧֣סǵýͣûҶ̻װסծǿƭǣǲң裬Ҷ⡣ǻˣ¶Ҽ鷳ҵĵߡ
˾˼̧ۿˣ¶͵˷̻ҲǿǾˣҪôϷҪôȫҺȥ
˽˾˼ֱӵֽ
˵ţ˾˼αϣתеıʣһһɨÿ˵дŻȥմҾЪϢɣʲôʱǮλˣʲôʱ˾͵λˡ
û˸˵Ҷ֪˿̵Ĺ˾˼ȷѾʢŭǵĳ裬ǵĻɴ⣬ȴԼļܵ˺
ֽʷˣ˾˼Ϸ˽յľڣдŴһ칫
Ϊһأϵɱˣµҹȫɹ˾˼һٰ졣˾˼ÿ¶òУٶȿ죬յݹ״һĿʮУ䰴Ҫ࣬Ȼֱ׼˴÷ʽ
ҿŹ˾˼ӣҧҧǽд˳ȥ
дȥ͵żӣӲʳƥƥֻδжЩѺա
˾˼ôæҹȥʣӡľϢͬ㽫űˣ㾲ˣȴʵľϿ˵үʲô𣿡
ӡ룬ľ˵չүϴ˺ܾõֶ֣ϴˡ
㶣Ƭ̺̾˿վߵһػѹ
ѾҹЩ䣬룬㴩Ŵ멣˵ƣȥá
ҹͬЩܱɫҴңƺżæЩʲô̧ͷһۣûж˵
ſڣҲûȥ˾˼վſڣš
ȵ˰ҹԺ˯˹ȥ˾˼һ̻æ˳űƼͣһߣšˡֵǰ紵ζ
˾˼ЦЦæߵϣӡŹǷ˾˼߳æү
˾˼ֹ̧֣סӡĻӣͿ˯˵㡣
ЦЦܱ˴ƣС߰ɣ𾪵
Ը˳ϣŵϿš
˯ԺԼۣ־úûٹܡ
˾˼λϣ¸ϣָͷջȥˣɫﶼ⡣
˵Щβأ
Լĸ㣬ĸޣݸôȻʡʼֻŸ𡢾ﲻͱ빲Ȼ˽졣
Ͼʱ飬ؼʱĶռŮ˵ĸ飬һ˰ļϡ
ĶĶãĶĶ֡ˣϲˣ뽫һ˶ռߣҲ˽ˡ
˾˼Ĳһԣ;üĿſôǵ̵񣬱ʻӡ
һͿ˼ңͣ˾˼Ų̲סô죬Ż˯ˣҪ֪ԼȻôһ·̭
С˴ᱧȥ
ĶˣԺۣŹ˾˼ɾ
˯ɡ˾˼֪ҪʲôЦŵˣұȥ
Ӧһý˵˵Ź˾˼ĲӣۣԺŵҸȥˡ
֪أ˾˼ô˵һƬ޵ллӡ
ѹҸ࣬ǵò֡
˾˼㶣֪ϵ¶Ǵˡ
˵Ķݣδţôһϸڣ˲µԼġ
ŹͻȻ;Щᣬ곤ɣǾɵĹ̡еɵԲƣеȴֻ۶ϣѪ졣
Ӧһ㵽˴ϣڴһ˹ʱ˾˼Ѿϴã˴ϴˮ
ϴˮǰԼЬ࣬˾˼ӣߵǰ̽ˮĽϡ
͵ؾѣʶͽȥ˾˼һץסĽ󣬿Ⱦˮ飬ڵƹ糿Ҷ¶ҡҡ׹
һʱĿѣŵСţȻˡ
ĿƲδã˽ƾһ˫㣬ħĳֻþ֮Уĸоڶϡ
˾˼Ͷ˫ţĿͬһ㣬ϣųɡɾ
һ˾˼Ȼ
̧ۿ㣬ȴǲҶ˵ʲôͻȻ㿴ˣĶ
Ǵɫӯ͸ǴˮգƷ
ǲ˳ɫڵƻǴĹ⣬˺޲ǹһ·׷ȥô
¸й֣
˾˼һԼͷȥĿˮϡ̫ˡ
̫ˡ
ͷأ
ͷԸĿЩ˷֣㲻ϲ򶨣ЦŽĽˮǺˣ
ӡɡÿ죬ܾǰ˾˼Щһ˵ʲôһЩ
˵ϲ
ϲЩ̫ȥԸҲûϲһ˶һ˵ͻߵϲ˶˵ġ˹ѪġһŮ˶ˡ˶Ů˵ıܡ
ֻЩ˵ĸоָо̫ˣ˵̲ס˲
˾˼Ƭ̣ǵȥ˯ˣɡ
˵ţЦЦЦƲ컣º͵ңҾ͸ϴţ֣òã
Ź˾˼ЦݣǷݹɢЩ˿̹˾˼ѾֲĽˣٶ˵ʲôҲǽ飬ֻǵҸ𻨸⣬㴩·
á˾˼ЦӦҺãҲá
⻰ﰲָˡ
ˣЩûилرĹ¡
ĵеﶼδ֪ļ۸ֻ۵Ľİ
ͷСΪϴˡ
ģʵһ㶼˧ЩӡϹүģһôġ׾Žţȥ˵ʵ;رƽȰ
㾲˾˼ҲĿ⡣
ĿⶼĽϣŬԼҪʲôص¶ǵᣬôֳ嶯ŲŽţ̲ס
żӵָ۵ĽűϣҲ֪ôͲһֹĸо
ô߳ܣ˰ɣ
ţ˾˼̧ƼǰˣǺﻹ˼ˮһɫ۽üңǴ˵ˡ
㶣˾˼ȴЦˣɾ佫ڻĽűѹѹ˽š
ˡ
ſĽţֻǷŵʱҲ֪⣬ָ˳Сһ·ǵսһ¡
գϽ˴Ź˾˼˯ˡ
˾˼ˮֻԡҡԡҴ˺ܾãƺϴһ裬ų
ڴϣźҹͻȻ̲ס롣
ʵ͹˾˼Ӧ˰ɣ
ڹ˾˼Ӧӣʲô뿪˰ɣ
ʵʣֲ̫ҡʳ˾˼ǰĴ𰸡
𰸳ܲǳܲô࣬˾˼ô˵š
Żѹ
ţűӣ̾˿ɴ಻ˡ
˾˼ԡ߳ƺЩƣڴϣ
մˮе򴽣룬عȥ֣ס˾˼
˼Сѯʣ㲻ᶪҰɣ
Ҷ㣬˾˼Ļ̾Ϣһۿͷϰ壬ǸˣСèСҲСӣ㲻ңʲô¶µ˵
ʵǣ벻ÿ㡣
ǡŵ롭롭
ˡ
ɬֺ£˾˼ʣ쿪˿ڣЦ籦ʯ˿֮ϣд˼ְƣõķ
ָֿ죬ǵֽһͷᴥĶͷǿúܽ֯һ
벻
۾ƯΡų硢ŻϲƺҪ˳е顣
ǰ̽̽ߣСҵ벻
Ļߣɿ죬ͻȻûãڴʵ⻰վʵģ˿վվˡ
˾˼ˣʹֹķ˵˵仰Ҳ˵˹ͷ
ֲԸ⣬ǹ˾˼⡣
˫ֻŹ˾˼Ĳӣ˵˾˼ģ֪ǺˣЦ
ʵҲ˼˵ˣͽ
ԭţֻһЩӵȥЩδ˵ĸ顣
Ȼڸ˵ʵ֮ͻȻ֣˲ʱҪ
ˣźۼ˵ľ룬ͷ㣬˯ɡ
˵꣬Ͳȥ㡣
㶣ŷӦ˾˼˵ʲô
˼ˣ¹˾˼˿̱Ҳûϲ
һֻճ˵èҪֺǰˣȥִӱס˹˾˼
˼á
˲˾˼ı˾˼ڰҹ˵ߺźȥĺ
˯š
ͶǰĹӣԷСֻһ¡
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô¸һ㣬Ͻһ㣬ǰŬһأ


57 
˾˼ôǽ, һϡ
, Ժ˯ȥ
ʵǺתʲô, ȴ, 񲻸Щ
ʱղףԼ꣬ȴδˡ
֪Լʲô㶼ܾɲܾζţĸԸˡ
˰, ʼǷݹ, ǷΡ, ͬһ, һʼǹش鰮ġ֪ɷ, Ⱳ, Ҫʲô, ϲϲ, ˵ϲš
ƵóĴ, Ǻµġɣֻǿ򶨡
ôίҲ޷ݸ覴á
ͬ㻹һһ, һϵĽǻΪԷΪõĴڣҲΣమǿʼڻδȷݸڣһź
˾˼һ˯ѹЩʣæȥϴһ侲˱㣬Լȥ˲񷿿
ܸ类˴ȥտڲȥЩ
˾˼ǰվ𣿡
Ϊʲôɱҡ侲ڣ˵ڷկˣ㶼ɱˡ
ﲻ־ǷΣɱ㲻ס
Ϊβң̧ۿ˾˼ƽҲ㵽ܣһϲѷ磬ҷڣô죿
ң˾˼ɨһۣƽ͵ˣȥҲ·Ϊ
ͲΪڣЩ͢٣˭Ǻõģ
˾˼ԸңòԣҲɱҡ
㶣˾˼ʲô⣬ҡ
û˵úֱӵˡ
ţ˾˼̧ƽ˵ǣҪǸ٣һǡ
˾˼ЦЦû˵˿ڲ裬Ը˽˰
ʱѾˡ
һ˯úã˾˼Ժӣæˣ˯һɣ
˯þˣЦЦԷɡ
˵ţĿ䵽ϣЩ죬ȴ¶ƽЦݣ˵ͷ
ЩΣ˸񣬾ʹҴתˡ
˾˼һֿۣһۣߵϣȥԷ״Ժ¶ˣҲûɿˣҪҰɸ㣬Űɣ
⻰һۣ˾˼ƽȣû
룬ͷС
˾˼Ųסˣ̧ĿЩίôҲ˵ЦҾеСˣӡһոҡ
⻰˾˼˹ǣ
˵꣬תȥǲˣ˷
ͽ˵Ż˽ˣҪ˵Ϳ˾˼ѡһͿʼɿԶ
ʩʩȻͬͽţԷɡ
˾˼Ūö죬˭²˿ӣΨǺӰһ㣬Ա߽ţλ첻¿ӣͻȻ˾˼
˾˼סˣƽͣϴЦ˾˼ͻȻе㷢ز񷿵ľ֪ΪʲôóóȻӿԺ
㵭úóԷ
˾˼˵ֱֻӣҲˡ
˳˷˾˼ڴϲȥùۣȽˣ˾˼ŲЦŵɾ·
ȥˡ˾˼һɣҲˣȥã
Цˣڹ˾˼ϣӣɾﲻˣ
ﲡˣ
˾˼ͷЦôģ˵
ϰ忴»ˣ˾˼̽ͷίҪˣ
⻰ʵ̲סЦ
˾˼һŤͷȥһҾԲ˵Ҿ͵塱ģ㡣
ЦŵɣԸ̽ңһ첻ɣ
Ҳܡ˾˼ҪСˣ
ǲǶ𣿡ҡӣúúôСˣһ˼ңƼˣ಻
ƼƲˣ
˾˼Цãûǰɣһû˵ôô̽ңǲǲأ
⻰˾˼㶣̾˿ŵʼղҺװס
ǲǣ˾˼Ͻôܻ㣡
ңɫԹﻹ˽ᡣ
Ҳû˵
˾˼æڣ㣬ЩίƼ㿴ЦˣͲܿңҳԿŶ𣿡
úúãǰ˸ӣæ㣬Ķȵһָͷ˸ҸﰡԸţԽԶԽá˰ɣ
˾˼Բ⣬Ҳˣߺǿɡ
˵ţڲֱˣҪȥˡ
ЦŸ·˾˼ͷǰæо˫չסԼԼϻϵϣ͵ͷһֱ۾գһ£ƺ³˿
һſӿϣϹñƬ̣ЦŵҼɾǿúܡ
úܣǲʲô
˾˼ھͽӣ㶣˾˼˹ȥ
ƼĶ֪˼˴
˾˼̧ѹԼϣԡ
˾˼Ķʱ˹ȥСҪ
˾˼׾󣬽Ķǰһַϡ
ƺܴ󣬸¶ȴǽӴĵط˾˼̧һֻ֣ӡ
ʱ˾˼ˣϵȴֹסĶ
յͨ죬С㡭Ǹﰡ
˾˼ͷૣֻҴԣţ
÷ɿ졣
ʵҲ֪˾˼ôͱӵġתͻȻȴҲ֮С֪ҪôһģЩ£ȴҲҾܾ
˾˼ɫСͷ
ϳȴվֻ֡Ĵȥѹţţţһ½һ£ɬ
ۣɪɪһ꺬һϧ
˾˼еĸоʵȷǲһģʵø꣬ˡ
Ծѹȥֻ࣬ôôţշתһѾǼˡȻҪ࣬ȴҲǰԸ£Ҳ¾˶Է
ʱԼһֱϢŽŲȻס㣬
뿪ŵԺͱȵѹ
ɿС㡭Щʲôѽ
èƵģõ
ȥˡ
˾˼ЩƣҪЪЪɣ
˵¶ˣ¶࣬һҪȥš
š
˾˼Ӧһ᲻÷ſôһֱš
ҲҶ
þú˾˼㡣
š
ϰߵġ
ûͷûôһ䣬̧
˾˼ͷϰңĽңţ


58 
㶣˾˼֪ʿɶֹ, , Цŵˡ
˵, ˳ȥ
ȹ˾˼߳ȥ, عʵЩ׹˾˼˼ģѾһӣ㽫Ľ
Ҫٶ࣬ٶġ
Щ˼ţҲ˸ˡ
ĥ, ӡ˽, Цŵ˽ղȥ𣿡
ȥѽ
æü첻ȥ, ЩѾͷҪ췴
ӡЦ, Ҳû˵
, ȥ, ſ, Ϳؾվϡ
һ·, ˰ߣϵİ̺ۡ㶣˽С
㿴һԱߵӡ, ӡһСү˵ȭŹã, ŷġ
̾һףһκڷկ¶ȷǰѹ˾˼ˡ˾˼ûиõóֵˣȷΨһܷˡ
˵ͷҲû˵
˵ˣݲ棬ÿϸֹ¶Ҳʲôӡ
ģʽݸȥĵ̿ˣȻǼ죬ӽϿҲ㲻ܿܿţСٷˣҪҪ׼һҷֵꣿ
ܿܿᣬ¶˻飬ֶЩУһӣͽƹ
ܿܿ뷨ˣ룬ҡҡͷȰѰȶһӵծ
һܿܿ㶣ڵ˵ǸСĿͷɣû¶
û˼죬ծһ¾͵ˣǵ¶Ǯ˾˼⽫Ǯĵط˸ſڣĶš
һǧ֮ϢЩ˵ǮһģҪôϣǲԸˣ׸еķݶؼȥ
׵ķ٣˻ѡ˼ˣȻȴҲȷˣծȷǷǮģͳͳؼȥͬ˵ˡ
ڳд̻˾˼ֱ˽Ǯ̧˹ȥ
޴һ˽һģ±ϢЩǮ͵̻˶Щ£û˾˼ǻǮġ
Ǯȥգ˻ծծ̻ֻһٶͨһ֮󣬰õǮֵֻ֪ҪԼҲܵǮƹ㡣
ڶʱϵծѾˡ˾˼˰룬ʱЩ˾˼ծ̻ͽڵծóһծ㿪ʼͬƷһСΧͨ
˾˼ӣˣÿմծļ۸ģͽеծһֳȥģһֽ
ר׼һӣ¼ÿծļ۸ÿ˾˼ͿڷС̴žžž졣
˾˼æǮ£뿪ʼˡ
Ȼֻؼȴݵ׸ٹ˶ס˾˼ÿҪɱҪܶ߼Ҫܲụ̃Ҫܳǽ֮ǰһǮϣЩҲܹܣڳ͵úúùܡ
ÿæȫŵأؼΪܿ㰲˯˭֪ÿؼңȷ֣ԼӱԼæ
ÿؼңڴ̡
ϴ裬ڴ̡
ͷڴϣ·㣺㡣
̧ۿһۣ侲ֹϿڣ˯һôŻ㡣
˾˼
Ǯɱ˫ۣɫӶ
һչ˾˼̲סˣڴϣ㣬æͺãծûжϢΪ˰Ӳֵá
̧ͷһɾԲӣծ׬Ǯġ
˾˼е㷢ɣϢô׬Ǯ
֪˾˼Ǯ¶ϲУֱӸɾ֮ǰͶһȥٳ֣ѷˡ
һ
ʱһ¶ٺ»ڵһ°̿ƥһʯڣϰձȿ˵ǲˣһǰ
ʮнˮڼҲỤ̄²ˡ
˾˼˳˼ġ㣬Ͻ˯ȫ˿С
֡ӣ
æ׬Ǯ˾˼ʵҲڰæ֮ǿҪһãôһܾȫЪ˼ֻÿϳʱζҪ
ʱǺ£ڿĲˡ
ų͢ķӡ
ծΪƷͨûгһ£˿ʼ֮һҲһСϺףżʮϰծЩż˻ᣬϽͽծ뾡취Ĵȥ
ʱıһ£ڴ˶ۡ
ݣٸĳĴɢѪϴ
ط׷׾£ڶʹӵΪӴԪʢķѣʮ⾰
붫Ϣʱ˼ڳԷ˽Ϣ˾˼˾˼˶꣬ʶᡣ
֮󣬽뾡취ŶϢǸ绹ڶ֮УƵۣ˵ҲӦóˡ
Ȼ˶˲Ȼ˺󣬹˾˼ȥ;˾˵һ˰ɡ
û˵
λǸģܶˣͶˣôߵգ
ȥ̽̽Ϣ
̾˿ȰȰȰˣҲ޷ˡ
˵ţǿЦԷɣЩ
˷վ˻ȥ͹˾˼һ˾˼ã̲סڵľ˾ˣ
˾˼̾˿ͷҾ˾ˡʵһԡϣܺһ㡣
㡭̽ŵûпȥͶ
˾˼ˣһۣп𣿡
㶣˾˼ͣסӣ£ܹ֮ݶΪǿƣΪҶָͷû˾Ļʵۣ泼˭ܳȥ˵ܳŶã
ǼҲ˻ˮ˾˼ֻԸȴ붫Ƿǻܾ¾˾ˡ
İɡ֣º͵ġ
˾˼̧ͷ㣬ЦЦ㣬˵ţ֣Щ󣬵ͷʵڣҾʲô¡
㶣֪˵û
ʱ򣬾Ĺ࣬ûмļɾôû¶˿ĵġ
Ҳ֪ǸýһˣӦùٽҲö˵ʲôֻһһ¶ȥ˱ˡ
˾˼
תȽ˷ȥԸյ棬˾˼վڳϣԡ
ľ϶˹Ź˾˼ҡӿɵõӣվʲôأأ
˾˼Ӻϣ̾˿
ȥ׬Ǯˡ
ľ㶣Ƭ̣˾˼ѯʣ˵ǰңǰǮ
ľһӻ뿪Щɣǰ˵ģĵʱ򣬾Ͷ໨Ǯͺˡ
˵ţľЦŽǰ˾ٵﶼҩһֵˣˣҲЩ
˾˼ᡱļ˲
ͻȻʶԼҲǰǵĻǮˡ
һǮǴʲôʱʼ
Ը׬Ǯʱʼ
˾˼ԼȲ˺þã̲סԼ
û뵽пջ˿Է·ӡ
ľϣ


59 
׬Ǯ¶˾˼޿κΡ
˾˼˯һҹ, 峿, ЩԹһ˯ߵ, ĥ˰, ܽ
¶ǿԵá֮ģҲһʱ̡
ֻôֲʣϹ˾˼ϸ¶ݣ̾, ǽڽ, ˾˼, û֡, Цŵɾʲô
顣
˾˼˾, 㱻Ц, ֵ̧˹˾˼, ЦŵĶģ

ǻǰ, ǰɽ˺ģ
˽, ˾˼һƹȥſббһһ, ϳ˴ˣ
ʲôң˾˼ҹȥ˸Һȥ
á
һӦ£תͷȥˣ˾˼סȵȣ˵ţ˾˼ſ㣬һ˭ˣ
ŶǷ
˵ţתȥˡ
ȵȣ˾˼æסŲͣ˾˼ŵվסð˴ˣ
˾˼׷ԺӣѾ߶һۣ㶼Ц
Ź˾˼ǰܸʡǵǰͻܸͬŹ˾˼ŵһɽˮͼ˾˼ſڣ˲ӣŽȥλˡ
˵ţֳ֡
Ŷ˴ˣת̧ù˾˼ϣкºתͷͬ˾˼˵ѾҪﱸӶﱸˡҾʮ־棬㾭顣
˾˼ӦǷծȥͬ˵һ󣬷ͷ͵ķӣеˣ˴˹Ȼͬˡ
˵ţãծеΣ
ˣ˾˼ƽȵһծܷ֮Уһǿбȸ̹˴󲿷֣ڶģôǮˡǷŵ磬ǴҳԱףǮծңծؼĲǷУδôǷծ꣬ÿ³ϢҪ֤ծãҲŻһֱγϰߣ͢ͻ᳣һʽԺУǴܹܶǾͷһݾͺáԵ֮øضԣһ͢ôӣպǻϢ͵ڻ¶ոΪβԸǮڳ͢йǰ֮ǲˣӦи֮ơ
˼ţ˵ͷ
̧ͷ˹˾˼һۣ¶ȻִУҲͲӸ档ؼҲڴ֮ϣѹ붫ҲȥȼݡܵöʱȻҪѾķڶʹ֣иô㡣ʮʯݣˣ
˾˼⻰ɫ˳򴽵¹ٻᾡ졣
ףӣҵüʳѰ
¹ס
˾˼ôӦӣЦЦؽţѾúܺãҲ֪ܲþˡ
˵ţǽǷɽˮȴǵ⻭Ժ֣֮
˾˼㶣һۣ⻭Ӧ֮ǰģ㻭ĺãЩ죬æڡӻġ
Ƿˣ㶣޵й֣һŮӰ
˾˼÷㣬Ҳ֪ô£;ñȿԼЩ
ʱЦӦȷˣΪжΪܣ
⻰ԱܸûסͻЦ
˾˼ŲԼǲԾͿ
ЩΣƽտŴˣôһԼϱͻɵһͬ壬˴أУš
¡ͷжԸΣƵóƷԼ˸Ҳͻ¶𣬹˴˰ޣǼõģΪͬţҲʮ͡
⻰Ƿ˾˼Ǹŷܸڼй˹䣬һ뿪
ߺ󣬹˾˼ſڣԸľȥ׼˲ƣһȥЩɻĻվ
ǵ𣿡˾˼ЦпڡЩ죺֪Ҫ
ˡ
˵ţ˾˼ǻصԺе߰ɣѱãһ
ЦЦԺй˰ˡ
˾˼ҡӵͷҲǸ·
ͬԺӣŵ̽Ϣʵ㹻ģٶҲֻǴֻ㡣
˾˼ͷǼҲ֪佫Ҫ常ʣµΪףһˣ常ͥܡı֮УҲڡĲ½ˡ½ҪǮѾСˣѾıŸһ֮ˡҪõʮʯʳòҲ޷ﲻҪ̫ѹ
˾˼ţǵĻֵлѡ
ŶСЦЦбҪȢˣһװɡ
⻰˾˼㶣æϲϲͻȻ
ҲͻȻεԭĸ׶µ£ʵ¶սңûˣǰЩʱͶ˹ĸ׾ôסڼﲻǸ¶˵Ƚ°ˡ
˾˼˵ͷȴǵɼ
ɫ΢죬Щ˼ˡ
Σ
ͦҲͦáǲ˼˾˼ǵģЦˣٱǹϲˡ
ǣ˾˼վſڣ̾˿ţ̾Ϣɾڴפ̾Ϣ
Ҫȥ˾˼ͷƼЦЦǰɾͬУ
˾˼˵ͷ㣬һߵǰ˾˼ֽ˽ȥ˽֮ŵղ̾ʲô
Щп˾˼¶ϧɫܴӣòס
˵
˾˼ǵ˵˵Щ֣ȢǺ¶ĸп
ŮӼ˶ûˣ˾˼ܸĴӣĸְȢһޱŮӣھݹٳУȻҶ֪ܸӣȴһֱֻǴӣûʵȨȢôŮӣ޷Ǿĸ߱ˣӺҰġܴĸףڼɵ
㶣׹˾˼˼Ĭ
˾˼ȷǱȳģ仰֮䣬Ѿ͸ܼЩΪ֪ƽպŮ콻ö࣬Ǽ¶ȻҲ֪һ
ܸһһһ檣ܸһŮݣڵѾǲŮɫˡ֮УǣһӣһӣˣӲʮ꣬Ӳʮܸ꣬ӣܷٲѹһиʲô˼Ƕ֣
ܷ˵뷨ûеǶ˵ûлᣬȴ˲¼ɣʮʹġ
̾ϢһܴԼ뿪Ȼûͬ˵ЩԼס
֪
˾˼ͷţͻȻ˵ŶУշ˿㻭úá
֪һãЩɻ󣬹˾˼ЦЦ¶˵
ȥעȴڣԣĩôճʮʯʳ
˾˼˵ͷĥŵ׼ʱʳҪˣսһڲܹʮӣҲʮսϣũ˸١ЩҴ㶼ȥĵؿˣʳ֣еóԡ
ʮʯΣ
üͷ˾˼ܿ⣬˾˼׷Ųţ̾˿ģ취ʮʯڿ飬ĿǸںôŪʳġǲծＯǮݾս˵ԷûʲôɵҪô롣
˵ţ㵽˸ãͣˣˡ
˾˼˵ͷȥ¶ϻؼҡ
Ӧһﻹĥţ˾˼Ƭ̺ͻȻͷӣ¶Цݵǵҡ
㶣˾˼ӣ˽й˾˼֣˾˼Ӧһȥ
˾˼ıӰɫĹۣȥƺȼָЩмЩ˵ĳȣ㾲ıӰֱʧǰãֱӡ컽֣Ŷˡ
ӺĥţôͿһ˱Ӱܿأ
оԼЩЦӱܿܿۼ¼ϸϸţݶָƳЩʲô涫
һĥţһ浽˵
ƽǸ̲ģܿܿרŸ֬ȲƷʦĺĽ˵ˣͬЩʱգؿĽûûܴ󡣡
֪ͷطİɡ
һݹģܿܿſڣݡ֣϶˶٣̧ۿܿܿܿܿԥųͬ˵ǱߣǵĻ۸Ҫ಻˵αð
üͷ
һֱ̽ݵϢ֪ЩӣѾƽˡȪݾ˸츲أȥ׸˼ҵˣҽԹҲǻǮӲдȻóҪģҪģ˵£Ȼһʱ֮ӿ¹Щ˴Ȫйϸ𣬻׾죬ѣǹȣ֮ݣ¡
ĬƬ̣ڵͬ˵Щ룿
ţܿܿС׬ǮСƣʼղá˾ȥҲ취зӴһȷǵĻ
ܿܿĻͷ˵üǡ
˵ţ룺롣
һ룬뵽ҹʵףҪȷ򵽻ݵĻҪôѵ꿪ȥҪôָһ̼ңֻöԷ
꿪ݣǲܵģһݣƱؾҪʱȥʱճˣѱȪ֡
ָһ̼ңָ˭ôҪģҲζţȥһݡ
ȥݣȻ͵ʱһˡһ·ӹٵûŹȥȫ⵹ҲǴ¶ֻǡ
ԥţվֻһŮӣһĴʼջ̫֪˾˼ô룬֪롣
ϣʱԵЩ硣
˾˼ƼˣΪˣԸҪж
ͷϵķβ࣬˾˼³ϸһжͷϵķһҽˣʮʯʳҪȥźʡһʳծ̶֯ӣȥĵطʮʯ
ȥĶ򣿡
⻰ʱ
˾˼ĬƬ̣ͷúڵݡ


60 
⻰ԭء
˾˼ס, Ϊ, , ڻ, ӱ㣬ѹ
ܻȥġ
ʲôѹģ
񣬿ЦһµѾˣҵΣΣҲûʲôǣҡ
ôģܴ, Ҷ, 㴹, ʣµ, ҲǸġֻҪ, , Ķȥ, ҲûʲôһҪȥ˵
˾˼, 㣬ΣҶҪȥġ
˵, ս֣һգҪȥȪǹ
˾˼ķߺޡ
û˵ֻתȥ, סˣο˼һյġ
˾˼Ӧĸо
ʲôû˵ǰƬ̵͡
̧ǰ˵ͷѯŵŹ٣ܲԼȥЩ¶ụ̂ԸȥҲʺϣ̶¶Һѡ
Ҳǳи뷨˾˼̾˿ѡһ룬׼ܴĻ£²ŵĩɡ
ӦһЩĲɡ
ڶȥӣ̣úܿܿ˹ͬܿܿģҪЩط
ʵҪҲǸ׸ܿܿػģݡݡݡԼ˾ݵˣݴ඼ݸˣȥ
ͷʵǵĿǼǿͻϢҲиӡȷϢ˵ͷܿܿŵҲ֣һݣȴȲݺݼ࣬˾Ҳ٣ݱǲࡣ
Ҳ֣ҡҡͷݺǽϢÿ죬Ȼͻܵ˵㸻ԣԽǲԣϢԽЩЩûõĶͷⶫܸ棬ͻ򣬸ˣͲᡣûǸΧȻ˵ġݺͲȻˣ̫ࡣ
ݸôԶľôˣ
ܿܿЩ⣬ЦЦЩʱ֪ˡȻݲЩټȴ붫УǿŶġʢģݾϲ˾Ȼٶ࣬ϰգݸԣ˾ݵݵĲŸŹ
⻰ܿܿȻæ˵ˣǰݵʱģǶĶ𣿡
Цû˵ܿܿ̾˿Ҳ֪ʱܻȥˡ
պ˵ɡ
ҡҡͷͷ˱ĥ
ЩطһЩӰװ׾͸ǣһùܿأҲֲ٣׻˻ݿľӪĿڱĿͻݺ˾ݣĶҲԸԣһ˼֮ͨ͸ֻҪÿݵݸһ㣬Ϳס󲿷ֿͻÿݵֱӵݸһ˸ȷٵĵط˵ڱҲǸӪյķӡ
˼룬Լһ̽һϢҸʵ˽ֵ¶׵ġȻȥ¶ôģҲ˿ڡ
֪˾˼Ǹܺõˣȴ֪˾˼ĵһ
Ŵ㣬ʱʱ۲Ź˾˼齨̶ӵ¶
˵̶¶ʵѡʵǡҪ飬Ѿǰ߿ʼñ֮ͣգǰ߸ϹȥֺǾڲ¶ġ
ûǣҪһ˾˼ŵùϤ⡢ϤݵˣǾ̫ˡ
ԭ˼ҴˣȻ⼸Щ˴඼ˣҪɹʮʯʳصȥ˾˼ʼվЩס
Ź˾˼ƣȵǴգ˾˼˼Цա
չ˾˼ԼһЩ˷ܣţɵЩЦֲף˸ʲô
ͷһ˽ף˾˼˵Ҳø˸𣿡
˵ţ˾˼ЩпǳѰĲھͺˡ
˵⻰˾˼Щѹ֣˾˼̧ͷЦЦ˵û¶еǡ
֪º͵ҳѰĲĸףмһյġ
˾˼˵ͷˣй˾˼ȥ˾˼˵ˣȥŮǱߣúõҡ
˵ʲôЦֲס
˾˼һڣתˡ
ҡӣͷЦЦתѰӡ죬ȥܸ
ܷ˻Ϥȥܷ֮ͬ˼䣬ܷ˱ȥӡ
λأ֮ԭȼ˾ݣҲСб򶫶ʱǼǡսؼ˼Ҳӵ·ڲݳ¶ôһǧݡ
˵Ҳɣݵʱգպȥȹ˾˼ʱǵĻǴȥǰһˣտȻҲǺö˶Ȫˡ
ץСǾʣϲʶܸʴ˵ǣСӦһݣԼ˹ȥ
ܷΪпˣҲ춨Եˡ
˵ǡӦ͵͵ƣԿŮڸ֮Ϸڡ
ҲǸļˣֻԼĪСҲڱأ㣬ôֲԶĸǿ
˵žϷˣ֮ţǱطɳİˣøͦΡ
˼ۣܷЦŵϲҲ£˵䡣
Ӧ֪ܷ֮ȥҡ
ʱ֮ҲѾˣ͵ס̧֮֮ͷ׵λǹٷ˰ɣ
ʶң
㺬Цڣ֮ͷܷͬ㱶ӿޣ˵˴ǺѣҶ
⻰ɵЦˣ֮ǸʵˡأܴҷãպҲԳ߶Ը˸ӣרЩ֮֬æţұֱӸ͵ˡ
˵ţЩ˼ԼĶ
⻰֮ЦˣȻ֪ʲô꣬Ҳ֪ͳȻǺõġЩ˼Ʒˡ
ҡҡͷ˻⣬㿪˻ϻӣһ˵˵ȥĵϡ֮ƺЩ˼СܹӡǸ˰
㲻Ǽ𣿡
ҡӣЩɻ֮ҡҡͷСҲ˵һ仰
˵ţЩĽ㣬ɻ֮ǰͬ˴˼ء
㶣֮ͬ˵һԸ͹˾˼¶ûб۵һ졣
ǵԸҪ˾˼ɻ飬ǻĶˡôתתȻĽЩЦ
º͵ܹǸõˣ֪ܿ
˵Ż洫ֺϲæˣ첼ŮǸϽŶϣɱ׽ţ
㻹ûüӦͱץ׳һ㣬˴ſڣڹ洫˾˼ʲôĿǸϽȻǿɾӲˣ
˾˼ЦˣԱߵĹ￪ʼ飬ЩʫʣϾ䣬˾˼¾䡣
˿ͷûβ˾˼Ѿµյס
ûһѵס˾˼ɵЩΡ
˾˼ǸԺõģͬ˵ЩȷǺѿЩֶǱ߰ģЩݶϵˣס
һʳȥ˾˼ԴǿţԵ̫Щţֵȷûʲôɡ
˾˼ǵ˵û˰ɣûӾ͸Ͻţʱ䰡
ʱ㲻ɵЦˣȺ߳
˾˼վ⣬һЦʱ͡⡱һ¡Ա˶Щ֣ͬŲɵõ˴ˣʲôԣ
վڱЦֱӵҷˡ
һ⻰˶Цˣ˾˼Щڨڨæء
վſڣڵɾĿ
˾˼վˣ⣬УȻǸ⡣
Ȼ㿪ڵһܣͬʱԳǶϸĸֻǰʮһ壬ڶ壬ʮ壬Ĵ壬ơÿһ壬ڴвݡһüֻѼֻֻڶöֻֻֻöֻʮֻֻĴüֻֻѼֻѼֻֻʮֻüֻѼֻʮֻ
˾˼⣬ɿжټѼٶ죬㵽˶٣ͻȻѯʣɾüʮֻʱ˶Զ
˾˼
ΪʲôʼѼֻ
һ룬ȻڡŮӶЦҡӵҲû˵Ҫ
˾˼˵ˣͬǵܴ磬á
еɣһ˾˼һȣƽа취
վſڲԶ̧ͷ̫ûɾó벻ǿɾһˡ
˵꣬˾Ϳű͵һ߿㾪ԭأûӦͱ˼ϣ˵ܣ
֣죡
˾˼һȣк˾ȥ
ŭקŹ˾˼˾˼
˾˼Ťͷȥ˵˿ɰˣһţɨһ۱ϣܱҺһƬѧŹ˾˼ģȥˡ
˾˼㡭
㻰û˵꣬˾˼̧ӣù䴹ͷͽ˰ǽһڡ
ҡ
˾˼˵䣬Ϳǿ˴ӷ˼ˣ
˾˼ӦһԸһ㣺һؼҡ
͸ȥ
ܱ߼ɹ׷Ǻ͹˾˼˳ȥֻ㻹վԭء
ˡ
ҧȫȻڴʱˡ
ӡ˰죬ҵ㣬Щɻˣӵվʲô
۾û˵˺þúȣ˿񡣡
˵ţӡߣȥϯɡ
ӡЩͷԣôģǸӡ
һѾߣҲ˵ʲôֻܸȥϯ
ȥ˰õʱ˾˼æˣվðֻٳȵ˽š˾˼ǰãȴǷ־ס֣С˵˾䣺ԡ
һԳ㾲Ը֪ΪŸʲô
͹˾˼һ񣬹˾˼㱻Źȥõģǵơ
ԸͷһԷͿ˾˼һߺȸֺġЩˣţӡ۹ͬСˣղŹүԸң˵۹ϣΪ
⻰ɵЦˡ
һ˲Ҳˣ۹ϣҲ̵ġ
һϯ꣬ſ֣ڽ˾˼ˡ
ȵòУ˷ŹƼɵЩΣŹ˾˼ȾͺȰɣôʲô
Ҹˡ
˾˼Ժſڣ̧Ƽ㣬ͷӲ֣ؾЦˡ
ֱס˲ļ磬˵㡣
ţģ֪ˣžǳˣҺøˡ


61 
㿴ɵʱˡ
ˡЦŵ, ͳˡ
û, ˾˼ҡͷ, ûסġ
û, ˿ϣϵǣͷӱҵģûء
̾˿
ʱף˭Ǳأ
Ըõǣţһجζ, , ܹؾصС, ȻԸԳ޸ŵҶ
ֻǺ, ޸ǰˡ
֪޸Ҷ᲻, , ҶҵĹ, ҲҶҺլ, ؾصĿ֦ɢҶɷúլˡŹ˾˼Ȼ, ȴҲ֪ģǰڶûС
͹˾˼ţǲǱƵ, ˣҶҪһӡ
ҲҪ
˾˼Щ㶣Щࡣ
ʱգĪǻŵЩҪֵ
һʱЩң˾˼ҪȢ㡣
ųҪҪԸƸΣãƸͷȽơ¶һ¡Ҫһӣ±ӣ±ӡ
˾˼ͬʮָһͷĶͷ˶٣һ󴮻˵ƺЩˣͣϢƬ̣ŵ㡣
㣬濪ڣһ㣬㣬һֱá뿪ҡ
Ҳ뿪㡣һƬСİɡ
һã߶ţ֪ʲôá
ŷЦţŹ˾˼ĺΰƻҪôá
ȥ˴ӣԸЪ¡
˾˼ʱ߶ͣϴˣ˾˼ƺˣǼ˵ţ֪㲻Ǵںլˡءȥöط׬öǮ㲻ϲ˷ˡ
㶣ϣ˾˼Ҳġ
ҿԵ๫ʲôʲôȥ׬ǮҰ׬ţ˻㣬֣ЩѹˣҲǹ˾˼ˣɳ㰡
㾲ţͻȻӿֳôܡ
Ŀǻβ˼
˾˼뵱ʿ̤ݷʮꡣǹѻǼҳ𣬶Ѹٳɳû˵࣬ҲûԸҪеվеĵǼǹʱһ
ˣҪ
˵һأԼģš
γΪΪҪģ
Щᣬǰ֮ݣ̲ס
˼ڣƣһӵĹ˾˼
˾˼ƺˣ֮žǰˣ̽ȥȥ
˾˼ԺۣǰԼǰĹëֲξʵ͵ͽһ㡭
ڵʱͷᴥڶԷĴϣ˫˲㽩סӡ
˶û˾˼ƺҲǱˡƬ̺ʶˣһȴͱ˾˼һס
һ˲Ĵּ˼˵֪顣
ս֣Ӵͷȥһһ૽֣㡣
㱻еӣŸоĴ˹ڲ㽩Ӳӣо˾˼շתƬ̣̽Žͷ̽ȥ
ãƵζ˳ͷܵƵζ޵ζʪĴ̵ԴΡ
˾˼̲סȥѹϡ
ҹڴ⿪õĺĻϣҡҷϸ֦Ҷǲһۣڷչǧ顣
˾˼ǴˮۣŭһۣɵþЦˡ
ôһۣƣ޼Ҳȥá
ҲҪȥ޼ĲӣСҪúҡ
˾˼Щ㱣µˣƬ̣ŵá
Ƭ̣ţԺţȴ֪
Ⱳӣ뿪㣬˭Ҫˡ
һҵõһõˣõˣĶģ
ͷȥĴ
ϸ£໰˵ڣ֪αֻãÿһδÿһǡÿһӵԼǷ˵⣬ƺԴݹȥ
ڵҹͣˣ˲Ժ˯¡
ȵڶϹ˾˼ѵʱƼҵòУ˯ߣš
˾˼һ£ŵһˣ˹ȥ
ԺۣԼ·˳Żȥ¶Ө׵ļͷ
˾˼ĿⲻȥŹǷɾˤȥˣ
ҡҡ
˾˼ԼûܣľϺӡ֪ˣ׼˾˼һ
⻰˶ˣҲ˼֡
˾˼㣬ִ˼ۣȷϣ·ҹңڵġ
˾˼ֳ︡ЩƬȷ˼飬˿תͷȥѵҡҡ
ɾҹˡ֪˾˼Ҫ˵ʲôͷСڡ
˾˼æͷԶԶԣˡ
˵⻰˾ͳĬȥû˿ڡ
˾˼ֳԼڴϣƺЩѿһֱŴ⣬˺ð죬˾˼侲ͻȻãʵҲûʲôá
׳˵Ҳǣǰһѡ
һӵվ㡭ûɣ
ͷҡҡͷ˾˼Ŭ˵ĻȥͷûͺáǷޣ¶ġ
͵ӦһòС
˾˼ҧҧһ˻
㽫ȥ˾˼оǺߣ˼֣ˣ˵Ļĵġ¶Ҳġ
š
С֪
㣬Ȼ˻飬ҲΪɻ飬ǲһżͻ㣬㲻ңһģòã
ͻɾʲôǾˡ
˾˼⻰Цˣﲻ⣬ּǹҡǸСƭӣ㵱ֲ֪
ҲûС
㼱ϣ˾˼ЦȴҲû˵ʲôӦúúãСƭӡԸ֪ԸҪʲô˰ɣ
ҡ
㣬˾˼ͣҲ˵¶˵ڵģ׾ͺá
Ĭ˾˼ƽ֪ƭԼһʱƭԸһӡҲͺúùӣʼǹ˷ˣֻÿǰһǸһ֣òã
Ҳû˵˵ͷ˾˼˷ЦŽ˽
ҿСһЦЦʲôû˵ֻϴ
Ӿ￴˾˼Ϲۣ˾˼ҪȥͻȻ˼
˾˼סӣ漴㿪ڣȥ
˾˼㶣վŹ˾˼棺㲻´ծ㽫еǮҾǮȥʱ򣬱ضʮʯʳ
˾˼ȴЦˡ
㲻˵Ҫҵ𣿡ɫƽŹأ㣬ʵôˡ
ǮڣҰ˰״ԸΪ˺ԸҵǧҲ޾ˡ


62 
˾˼⻰Щ, æԸа취, Ϊҡ
ҲΪ㡣
, ͬ˾˼ŵ, 㲻ҷ̸ͬˡ˴ˣڳôǮҪҸ˴ġڹٳϵȷóǾһ, ȴδ͡õ, ûŸ, Ÿɵ, Ҳܷġβȥ, 㸶һӶ, һ׬Ǯأ
˾˼, ǰɫ, Ƭ̺ЦҪ٣
ұӯİٷ֮ʮ, С
Ҫǿأ
ǿˣ棬, Ҳ١һʱϣһӲ
˾˼ĬˣúЦ㣬ûôġ˭˵Ըһ׬״еɵ
Ҳ˭ɵЦЦֻ๫Ǯ¶øҵø㰲·
˾˼⻰̲סǣһȴǵȻ๫¶Ҿ͵ô˽˽Ƕȹһ㡣ҪȥҲţø˵ףҪôȥʲôƻôг·ߣҵȷȥû¶Ҳȥ
㣬̧ķҹ㣬ֻһϣҵȷòò
ôҡЦЦôǮǸԸȫ˵ģôܷģ
ȥðɣָ̧һҵĴ㶼д㡣ҲˣӿУͽǮңòУǾͰˡ
˾˼ӦЦЦˡ
˵꣬˾˼Ըš
·ϣľϸں棬ûӰӣľЩӣٷԸһ˳ȥ
Ȼأ
˾˼ЩΣһŲɣ
ٷһŮӡľŵԸһ˳ȥվЩ׵ɣ
ܰźãҲŲãȻҲȰ衣վǸˣ˾˼ľһۣȴǵ˵ѡһ·˶˵ã㲻룿
¶ң˾˼ҸĸҲݲõġԸҪΪҺãҲ봦ǣơ
ٷ˰ŲãҪִأ
ľϽѯʣ˾˼Ц
ô죿̾Ϣֻ취ȥˡ
ϵģҪ̫ࡣ
˼ϣڽг̰д˹˾˼
ϸݵĿжоһݸе׼һֻ顣
п֧Ԥ㶼˳ֽг̴дԤڵ涼һ˾˼ˣɵЩпʵڴ֮ǰû뵽á
һ·ߣΣ򶼹˿ȥµĶĿǰȽƽȵĳС·˵ûʲôΣաԱţҲΣ
ķӣǱһù˾˼붼û뵽
ڷծĹг˽⡣ʼһЩгĻԭ˴չծͬʱӼʱ˶ƴҪչծծļ۸֮Ǹߣ˴ծͬʱӿֳծ۸ͻȻ͡
ǶһƷġо۸Ĺؼ
ļƻУȵһСǣСҪҪ
һСպǽɲٿطΧڣ
ڶʳ۸һеλ֮Ǹλ
ܿȵָͣԤг
һҹ֮䲻ʼ۸չʳʾһ˶Ὺʼʳͼ߼ۣ˴Ӹؿʼʱٽԭȵʳгϣļ۸׬һ۲ʱʳ۸𲽻䣬Ȼ䵽λλϵ߳ɡ
˾˼ףֶΣи̳ծַһޣȽ۸񳴸ߣٰڸλȥŵȼ۸䣬ٳּ롣
Ļʳ˾˼ķӣĥŵʳ۸ֱʯȥ۱ȻʱȫǸã
Сҡҡͷϵһ̫һᾪٸ֮ڼ۸Ҳֻ߳ʳǲʳʱӰ쵽һٸΪսʱȻ󣬲̫ע
˾˼ͷ仰ˣϣȫöࡣ
¶ó㿴˿ںڻϵİţԥƬ̺ڵȥܴͬ輸ˣȷһʧ
Ӧڱ¶ϣȻԽܵԽá
ݣ˾˼ŵԸðͷ㡣
ס
ͷ
ҹ͹˾˼˯ڴϣ˾˼һҹδߣշתתȥӱô˯
룬˾˼ۣð죬ڵͬȥɡ
⻰̲סЦˣͬȥˣٲˣ
취˾˼ĥŵȥҷˡ
˼ԺҪȥöطġ
ģʵҪľÿطÿطϢĲԵȡ˹ڲ˹ͨͼֵǧǽȥպҰԽԽ󣬲һֱڼҴšȥһΣһأ´أ㻹¶ҪֱָϣȰŵڸڹٳ𲽣˷ʶΪ˼Щ¶һҪȥұ㲻ȥˡ
˵Ըȥˣ˾˼ĬȥƬ̺̾Ϣֻǵˣɡ
ڶչ˾˼ǣ˵͵ſڣ˵һֻбһһͳʮԶ޿̣ͬ˾˼ˣȥɣˡ
˾˼㶣ͷŶ
Ƽ˾˼ʧǵģһʱЩ̡Ը֪ôһһˣͳ˸ԼͲеġ
̾˿Ĵһ£ͬ˾˼֡
˾˼չȥŹ˾˼˵棬һˣдš
˵꣬Ѹٻصӣˣ߰ɡ
˾˼öԶߡãڲŻ˼ҡ
ϳԷͽûɵЩ֣Сأ
˾˼ſڵŶͬ˵ˣˡ
ǳˣᶯ˶٣˾˼ҡͷ͢Щ¶Ҫȥ죬Ըˡ
˵ţ˾˼ӻһŵݸҽģ˵ڵЩʱգͷġ
͢ȼȥʲôüͷһʱôңȥЩʲô
㲻ҲֻǸŮô˾˼ʶһ㶣Ըֱ׳Ͳˣûġ
⺢ӣ̲סЦˣϱ˭ŲȢġ
Сʱ򲻶£˾˼һ̹Ȼˣ֪ʲôˣУ
˵ţ˾˼˰֣վˣͬ˵֮û¶Ƿĺˡ
˵꣬Ըȥ
鷿һˣԸõĴľ϶Ź˾˼ģЦŵЩʲô񣿡
˾˼⻰æҡҡͷ¡
˵ţ䵹ʼֽľЩ֣ʲô
֮ǰǲǽһӡһֽ
ǡľϴӹѰ˾˼ֽԸλ֮ϣŵҪд𣿡
š
ľһЩȷˣ

˾˼дţľϳĬƬ̣ѣӣٷ˽ߵİɣ
˾˼ʼ˶٣Ǳ˿̽¡
̲ס̧ͷľһŭ㻰࣡
뿪дģȴ齵һе쵽
ŵĵһУǲݵ߳ǡ
·ʱӵĻɳѵء߳ǲݵݸнȻͬ
߳ǽúܴ󣬳ǽܸߣܱһ޼ȫƽԭû̫
ڲݱϤö࣬һ̶ӶǸŽ˲ݡ
һι˾˼׼һ뺡ȻǸƷС٣ȴҲǸ٣Ūһ뺣˵ֵ¶
ż˳ǣһҿջ齡һǣͿʼĴۣ˵ķ̸
ԣЩ߹ˣʵߵӣÿֵǮۡ
š̸ֹ£Գ˵ϰߣ֪˶ԷϰߣȻ³Էˮƽ
˶ãС
ÿ˶֪׬Ǯѵһȷʲôʱʲôʱ
⣬Ƿ·Ԥ֪һ㣬ܴʵļ۸˶ΪżȻȴʱͰɫע⣬޹ϵ
һ״Ħ۸ķӣС¶˭ѧֻһˡ
ϣ˷˾˼ʹҲ͵ˡ
Ź˾˼ţЩģΪǳʲô¶ر졣æţͿϵһҳдһ仰
ʲôʱ
ڣдģҲ˵ǰŲųţ˾˼Ϳʼĥ¶ˡ
Цã˵ڶҳͿ˾˼㲻Ϻÿֻǹؾصֽҳϣ
ǧɽɽɽˮԶδ˼Ҷ


63 
ţɵЦˡһʱ, , ˾˼Ȼʵ, Ҫٸʫʵʦ, ˣֻ˵׻
ˡ
Һܸˡ

ԺǨҪƲġڵڶҳת˻磬˼ֶ˵ӡ
ţ룬¶ˣʲô, ͬ˾˼ȥ顣
ͣ߳, һȥ̽Ϣ, ߷֬, ֬ŻݵĻ, ۸ие, ٲ
㻨һʱ, ߳ǵĵסǲļ۸, û̫󲨶֬ݬ룬һл, ߳Ǽλװޣ뻨, ĻȫƷʹЩϰԴģ˼۸Ҫࡣ
⡣
һҪҪǸػ۵ʲʺôַʺϵĻڵѡʵĴѡȻһ˹̸¶Ҳûлϸ̸˽ͻ˿ջ
ȵڶգԸȥ̶ȫˣȥ߳ǸٶҪ죬Ҷ»Ҫࡣ
źõȥڲźȲ裬ܱߵϢ
ҹѾһǧʯʳҳ̶ӦӸص
㿴ľһԲһۣɵõʲôأ
֮ǰЦŻͷݡ
ͷ˵
ʱ򵽴񡣡
̾˿Һ;˼ڳ⣬ۿɱ˶ƣʳ߳Ҳ񣬿ƣͬǲݣ߳ǵĸ̣ȴܵǡ
˵Щ̹ǱΪ飬ɱ
ҡҡͷΪһ˳ԹȻԿ𡣿ŵһˣһǾ͵ߴȥߡΪ˼ϲ𣿡
ЦҲΪţø˹һ㣿
û˵ЩʱգԽ˽Է򸾣ԽףԸ˵֪ƫ
Ҳ˵˿ڲ裬ƽȥ
ÿն˳ȥϼӼʳۼ۸ϣ㶼ղ
˲գͻȻȳҼһȥӡʱ˽Ǯ˵صǮׯһǮȥ
㲻Ҫ⡢ҪˣֻҪ׺棬һʱ֮䣬ļ۸ȴǱʳϺܶࡣ߳һʱ֮䣬˶ŷ
ʳ٣۸ȻˮǴߡʵʳôģȴҲ֣²㣬Ҳ˸߼ҲĴ󵨿ʼʳ
ŴĴľͷֽ֮ǰʳСͶŵϡ
𽥷ʳ˻Ƿڻࡣ
ʱ䣬ͬ˵ʳʱˡɡ
ֹͣΪ׬Ǯڸλչ˺ܶʳʳһʱ֮ûȥˣԼˣȻͻˡ
˿ʼʳ۳ۿʼѸµȥ˿ʼ㿴ż۸һ·£߳ǵļ۸ʱܿܿѯˣǲǸóˡ
˵ɫ˿ڲ裬һǧʯ
ֵһֱСÿճֵ
û֪μЩ۸ģÿ춼ڲ¥ȥȫںЩ¶ģ
һٵﶼЩţ̲ܿܿסˣٵȥٸǾҪˡ
ˣͷȴǵٵһա
ҹȥ˱֮ǰǷŴȥǮЩϢӦѾһƽļޡ
Ȼ˵ڶգҲ˶Ǯׯ飬ʳƷծ
ȥͬǮׯкųȥǮʳծ
һ۸۸ǡǡԸһ㡣
˳ȥʱڴĽѿʼۣ㲻գÿɣһգ߳ǵĿꡣ
Ҳû飬װʳ̳ǣԥ˰ʳֱͻ
߳ǹʯ˾룬½·ʳľ޴߳뺣ľ벻̫Զɴ˴½·ƺˣȻ˾˼˻ȥ
ͻȥʱӡˣ֮ǰүдţҲ
ʳһҹԴЩ£⻰ŷӦæͬȥ˵˴˵̫ңҳʱ䳤ϰϰ߾ͺˡУô˼ǵãҴϢɭϣһʱ꣬Ϊ׼
⻰ЦӡҲЩΣæȰˣٶ˵䡣
룬ŶУôҸʦ֡ǹˣѿúܣ˹٣и˶顣
ӡ죺
Ա߹Ц
ܿܿΡ
Ҳ˲ʲô˰֣ȥˣһ꣬ϣ˵˾䣺ʱϽ·ɡ
˵ֱ˯˹ȥ
ЩʳĻɽԽ󺣣ڰº󵽴
˾˼֪ʳˣ֪ˣԳȥӭӣͻӸں棬æŵ㣬ʳܲġ
˾˼ûᣬһ·ֱسſڣ̶ӵӣ嵽Ϊ׵ǰż壬أ
ӵǹ˼ԭļͣǮ㽫˼ǰݴ˶˻忴Ź˾˼żӣɵЦˣӱ𼱣ʱ̫æٷʳʹǸϽ߳ǣȻһҹ뿪ûüд
ûдһɣ
˾˼üͷЩˡϽеġ˷Ը¡
ʲô˾˼۾ˣæǲˣ
ǣ˵γʱ䳤̫ϰϰ߾ͺˡ
˾˼⻰Цݾͽˡ滢ӺͻͿɫŵ˻˵Ϣɭϣһʱ꣬Ϊ׼
أ˾˼ʧȥЦݣüͷǱһϣ
ԸһҪ˰ɣ
󻹼һ䣬ЦŵҸʦֶ˵ֶȻˣǺѿ˹٣и˶顣
˾˼׺ˡ
Ĭû˵пӣĺܹô⣬ǹ¶ѵһޡ
˾˼Ĭ˫£䣬һ屳̶ӣˣﱸϯΪϽӷϴҸл£һˡ
˵꣬˾˼תߣȥЩŭˡ
㶣ЩţæͬԱߵľϵľϣǡ
û¶û¶
ľϰڰ֣ģ¶ûϵԸء
˵ţľϾ׷Ź˾˼ȥЦͬ˾˼ӣô죬̶ӺܿҪȥˣôŸ˰
ʲô˾˼ңΪʲôҪ¹ͺˡ
ţһ㶼ҡ˾˼˼ίﻹɷ𣿣
ʱݵݸ̸⣬Ų裬죬һʹ˳ȥ
㶣ϰ壬ǲ岻ʡ
Щ˼æҲ֪ôͻȻ;ñ
ôͻȻ磬ġ̻Цŵϰ̣˴һֱŰɣ
⻰㲻ɵЦˡ
˾˼Ǿʵ޻ġʲôʱº̲ͣס˼֡
ءҼλһֱҡ
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лҪ˵С糡
˾˼дŻˣӭӣ
㣡
˾˼۰Ͱͣ壬
壺룬ܿ֡
˾˼Цʧ̶̬


64 
˾˼˵˵̶ӻȥʱ, ʵʵһŹȥ
ʮֺʵ, , ̶ʱ, ˶Цˣ˾˼ζЦݣѾϰˡ
ӵʱո뿪ݸһȥݱȲݸĵö࣬ʮʳ, Ѿʮ
ʱ, ݲź֪Ӧʳļ, ͻȻ˲ûзЩµĹ, Щ˺֪ʶƺ˿Ⲽ, ڵʱĴ˶, ҲǾ, ս, ʳǼˣ˶ѡ
δһУƺֻżȻ, żȻ۵ȻżȻ뿪
һҪ̷ֵ֬ϰ壬˭벻, ֱʵ˵ʱЦ˼Сʲôϵ
Ҷעռݡ˹֮󣬲ݺҲɧ˶ȻжԲߣһʱҲû˫ţԻʵ֮˶Էġдһƪġ
ƪϭĲĲɷ̹磬ôʼô̱ʱڴѪҲ֪ĻǼá
ҹעЩ¶ֵķӿռ䡣ҹҹæû찵ء
ӵ죬һ·Щƣ˵ģʲôû룬ڴϣ˾˼š
εûϴ٬ˣࡣ
Ǹƪġϭдģ˵кúö飬Ҫġ
д˼£дΣΣдĵ̣дǺ֮
дԸĸĸ˵˳еƦ˵˺öĵأЩ֡ÿһ˶쵽أһɲ߳ɣݼȵʮ꣬͹ǡһ깺ǮʹծǮǿʼʳծ롣˵ˣһծϢͳ׵ˡ
˵࣬¶˵һЩϸڣ˵ԼЩũµһ𿪻ģͷʱЦ
˵ԭˮгӣſϻѪһ
㾲ţڴϣ˵ĻԺȻܹճЩ¶ӡ
ǺһЩҲӦûٳЩ˵£Ӧࡣ
Űȥֵصģһ룬;ˣԽ
ţ⣬ȵſһ仰
ծϢѾʮʯҲѹ룬ʣµҿԴӱĪģЩ
㶣һ˲䣬ԺͻȻһΪƵ뷨
ôƴծ׬ǮծϢԺͱףǲǶǡ
Ҫ̫ġ
Զ߸أΪ˸Ϊ˽ȼü֮Ըа취òġ
֪Լ뷨飬ǾʵȻֽϵ֣Ǿůӿ
̲סֽҳؿڣһ
һӣͷһģôõˡ
ȥõˣֻֻΪĸףȻģȷ̫ųЩﲻ̫ࡣʱΪء
ϰ˵ϰˣȴͷһŬΪڷ絲ˡ
ижԸӣڰҹ֮УͻȻر˾˼
ȻϺûа취ֻվߣԥ˺ܾãдʲôȴ¶Է̽Լ⣬̫֣̫ḡ
űʣĥĥſʼдš
Լߵ¶һһˣдˣ޾ϸҲ֪дЩʲôˡ
ڶϣŽҪʳȥ̶ӡ㶣ţҲǳһ
㿴Ĳ죬Щ졣
Ťͷȥ˿̵һ壬·Сġ
عЦǺǵٷ˷İɣһġ
ַԸ˼䣬Ż
žôһһأ˽̶Ͱ죬ְ
һڵݣʱʮʯʳѾ඼˶ʮ׬ʮ
˰򱾽ĸ£׬˶ʮʯʳʮ̶Ӷ̾Ϊֹ
㵽ݣӡݵĳ¥ɵЩСٷˣǮˣҪֻȥɣ
㾲ݳǣʮĵطãȴǵˣ㶫ߣǰһˣ
ңЦЦƽ͵ʳء
˵ţͷԸ߰ɡ
˳ǣûϵļݽѩа̺ۣñĴ˿
ݳǵ̻ǻˣһЩ׬ǮС⣬׬Ǯ඼ϰ塣ԭҵҲˣȥ֪˼֮ǣҲȫȪżһСݣҲ֪ȥĶ
ϢƼ̵ˣҵ˷ԥƬ̣˷ȥһ͹ȥˡ
ڳߣͬҸʲô
ȪͨټҲһƽûеߣֶζҪźã£Ҫѳӵ·滮
˵ţͣ¶ķǰ°ͣͬȥ棬һϣ˵ҪͬϰġǻԺʱ˵Ҫھ¥ҡ
㶣ܵǮ
ЩΣһ£ȥ
ƲƲ죬ȥˡ
ȥ˶¥һ䷿ڴ̨ϣŶĳ档
ûãĳһ֣һͣſڣ˴ӵȥš幫ӡ
Ѱȥͼ̽һ̴ִֻϣһʮ˴̽ӡ
һտɫӣҲʮ־¿ϴЦһֽȡǸͨü֮ȴŹ˵аôò˵һϵ
Ա˶źȥԷɫ߽ȥſʱ˶ٲӣķ˹
㾪񣬵Ҳû㣬ƾļСΣ⡣
ԷעƬ̺תȥǲһ㣬˶ĳ
˽˶ĳӡ콫С˽ͬСŵ֪λ幫ӣ
С⻰Цˣ幫ԭ̣ǽڶʹ˵Ļţݳǰܣ˭֪أ
Щ죬ҲףһˣϢΪȪµһˣӹܰݣǵ֮ץС̵̽Ϣһ顣
ͻȻֻ֪ڹ˼ҵֵ֮ģ֯ݳ̼ҵϴ˵һȪƴӡȻ̴Ķȥʲôˣ˶һ֪
Щֱạ̃͹˼ҵĹϵǧ˿ơ
ץСһݵʱ˼˽
˼㣬ǰŮһˮɫñΣֻܿóλеȡΪݵŮӡ
˵ͷС㡣
̧֣ѹͬ˼롣
˼棬żɽ֪Сҹкιɣ
ţаĹ٣Ҳҹݰչٸܣҹүܣ֪⻰˵У
ޣ˼ƽ˵ÿˡ
ҲȻ㿪ڵҹͷùүܣǰɣ
˼⻰⡣ֱӵҪҽ贬
үƽţڵǸصˡӦ˵£Ҳү֮ͬүһͣͷһ˹ܣʲôʱװʲôүһɲҪʡ
˼⻰ȴЦˣС㣬Ҫˣǵĳģ֪С㣬ټ¶
Ҵһ⣬ҿԷүɡ
˵⣬Ҫʲôɡ
үЦˣĴСʱ򣬶һʱҪһģ;Ŀˣ˵ǰɣ
⻰˼ɫ
ִ̧óһƣдšġ
˼ǸƣֻǸˣݣ֪ܿЩʣöЩҪһˣǮСҿŵݻݣλá
˼ƣû˵
úݴúúõģΪʲôҪŷѺ
үѶñͻݴƽҾ¶ݻ˸˹ܣǾǻƬ졣ʱүãԼȵ𣿡
ү¶Ȼү滮˺·ֻ˵Ĵǵϣ͵ʲô֪ƻ£Ҳ¡¶Ͳ鼸˽ලˡ
˼ıų·˼üͷúɻƽңҲһ˹ܡ
Ƿ˽˶϶Ȫضͷء
ΪΣ
˼ɻ
֪ġƪϭĳԺ֣֮
ƽѣ˼ҡҡͷ˿ڲ裬˾˼
˼͵ۣ˲ȴ׹
ƪĳԹ˾˼֣֮ǹ˾˼ȻѾüΪԹ˼ҺҵļҳôݵȪ
˼ĬŲ裬˼ľ
Ƭ̺˼ڵҸһҴ֮ҶܣǮ߶ĳҲɣʮһֲ١
ʮպýݵϢʱȥ
侲ڣһ￪һ̣֬պ֬Ǳߵͬϵ
á
˼ƽȵպҪң¶ĳ£Ρ
ͷѸ̸֮˼վ뿪ǰͻȻС̡
ţ
̧ͷ˼λΪĿĲֶε˼ҵ¶һֲ߻
⻰͵ۣԼʲôǵ¡
˼߳ȥȥ͵վнҧȥҲһ̵ģʲôֶΣҲĶġʲô͹˼ʲôϵ
˵ٵϷƹ˾˼֣ȥⶫĽ顣ļıôҵֱʡ
ʱΪȪı㣬¾̵ֱʣ
ɫЩɻôˣ
㲻ǰɱ𣿡㵭ξ֪ʲôĹ١


65 
ȥˡ
Ҳûжʱ䵢, ͸ݵ, ʼʩ, ʼ߼, ʳ۸αװɺüˣݳĴѯۣȻɢ۷ǵҥԣûмգ۱Ѹ
⼸죬ӡһֱʮֵģʼ, ȵ͹ȥһƽ, ˿, ͬһ˳, ǰҿɵˡǱҲʹʮʯʳ, Ҳ, ү취, һҪð, Ҳ֪ʲô
ط㲻ðգ̧ͷЦЦô, ;ðˣ
طܺһ𣿡
ӡֱ׳Ȫɺݶ
⻰ЦˣݵĽڶʹ֪ʲôȪơ
ָ̧Լüë, ¶ػضǵ·Ҷ߹ˣûҷңΪֻ
㿴˿Լƽͣ̿űȵʵϴȥĲǮܰݹһƤպҲͻᰲ࣬ҡ
ӡ㶣û뵽㻹뷨СˣʵɣЩЩүǶ¶Ҳöܡ
⻰㶡
ʵӡֻȥڻż˵˵Ȼ֪ôģûйͷˡһӡ죬Ƭ̺󣬲ǾΪɾҲЩȪ۹˼ˣݣܾйȥ
ӡЦˣż磺˻СƢСƢǲ䣬Ҫշ֪ˣҪġ
ѽתͷӡһۣ֪Ȼҿ鷳
ӡæͷСʱһЦʱ洫ͨȴˡ
һž͹˿ڲ裬ҿܱݣ֪Ķˡ
һϽͷæĶģ
ʵ˭֪Ҿ͵ʣ첻˰һͷסڳǸؤ˵̣رǰһֱסڳһСؤСؤһؤſڼģȡ
֣ӡ̲סЦˣСⲻǹ𣿡
Щ˼ҳһӡ죬Ϊʫ飿ȡи
أĻŵСؤôˣ
ؤ⺢ˡ⺢ڳסʮ꣬ͻȻͲˡؤ˵̣Ǻӳر񡣡
ǳƣôƶ̣üͷ˿ڲ裬ŵ˵ƵȻԶ϶ɺиؤϳˣݣȥ壬ϣһɱ֣ﵱؤȫˡڣˡ
ӡ¶üݰɣ
ɱЩʲô
ӡ첻⡣ȴˣΪȪ֮˸߿̣˵˹֮ʦʿ»ӣͷݼȪΪĻšһֱΪȪıߣȪǰϽڶʹһ֮¡˵ȪܵϽڶʹǴһֲ߻ôĵλҲͿˡ
ʦʱ֪һ㲻ᶯҡĸҲ鷳ֻǶǵѵˡ̾˿˺֣ĳ
Ȼ˵ţȴֲ⣺˿͹˼ҲʲôϸΪʲôҪԹ˼ң
ĥŵʵԹ˼ңֻǹ˼Ҿߵһأ
Ĭţϸ룬ʱȪԹ˼ƺҲһҪ֮¡
³һɣϢضһЩϢ
Ӧ£ҳȥٲ顣
ȥͻȻ˵ʱЩؤȫˣصϢؤΪʲô˵
ӡ㶣͵طӦͬӡˣ˷ˣ
ӡ⻰æ˳ȥ
ĥƬ̷̣Ը˵˻ڳ¶ˣȫ˵ͷ׼뿪
Ӧǣ˿ʼҴææʰ
һʰһĥα¶ģʲôˣѵôͨſʼѾˣ
ЩңԼѸ
룬ؼжԼߣ˳鵽Ըϡ
Լ˵طޣڱԼͽ˶ֿԵȥ
˵ùסţÿԸȥںȲԴ̽Ϣ
ڿʼţ㿴ۣʼС֣ʳȥͬʱҲ׼˽½׵ĵط˲һ˽¸׵ʲôЦЦҲ˵
ʱ̵İͷݵ۱档
Ϊʲôô죿
̺Ų裬ѯԱվŵȵ˵кܶӸˣöˣǵÿˡ
ͻȻôʳ
ǡ
üһӣһ˶ĶģŲ
Ҫ𣿡һۣ룬ŸոջָЩ̻˵ݣҲöʳۣ˲ùÿÿ칺ó嶷
Ǽ۸Ҫѹȥ𣿡ѯʵۼ۸ߣնʳ׬Ǯˡ
ԥƬ̣ѹ̼ǲԸ⣬λɣ׼ˡ
Ӧǡ
ڶգ͵ݳǸ̻㻹ڲ¥Ȳ裬ӵϢȥ˶żˣˣݹٸһô죿
׼𣿡תͷһ²豭ЦŵǲרŸ˼˽½׵ȥǲˣϰգʳʯʮһλǱЩÿӵ˶нͣһվͻĹʳ۸Ȼߡҽͣһ֮ڰʳٵȥ
ʳüͷһֱɢʳնð
ЦЦɵϰմ׬Ǯϰտ˽½ףǲԣ
İɣ㵭еǷӻ档ֻҪǱ֤Ǯ𱻷ֱץˡ
ӦĻȥȻ˽µͨʳ۸ǷЩû˶ãЩ̸̾Ҫʳ˽ǡ
һ̻Ȼ֪ȵʱѾʳȥۿʼµ
ʱ̻мҲʶ֡Ҷû˵ƵĻᣬ˶˵
Ҳץһ֮ʶһѾɿơ㿴ʳ˵͵㣬˿ٿʼ
ֻʯֵľնն٣ϴߡ
˽»İȥ˼ԱӣǲҪЩ˶ץ
̳ĬãͻȻЦ˼
̧ۿǰԭͼҵڲŷӦ
ӣԱ˶⣬̵Աһۣı϶ڳסԼ鷳̳ȥջˣ£ȻȥҳſڵʿѽƵڳ˵һݡ
ӣĿջǲ̫һЩ
ţЦЦԷôǮίԼȥõļҲˡٶ⼸ҡ
Ӧ
ʱװŻӡ㣬ԹˣҲԲãסҲסãôҪȥסеĿջƷסʲô
ʳɵ˰ɣԷҪǷ¶ʼˣ϶ǮҪסõġŵһԣÿջһ⣬Ǿˡ
ӡˣͷˣǻסƵĿջˡ
ӡ˵ţתͷһ۲Զéݡ
˯©ĵطһҲ벻˯˸ү


66 
װʳͬʱ˶ҳ, ̵˸ճ, յϢ, ͣ, Լסţʲô¶û
Ѳ˿ջ
סĵطѲĵطԶĿջһ𣬷ֳɼլӾͲϣӡĶͬ, 鵽ǰɣ
鵽Σɫƽ, ǲԶݵ, ҵô
ӡ, , 
ֽڹһ, Ѿͬ˵ˣ
ԭһλС, ǰЩǨ㵽˲, Ϊֻг¶صͶڲɣ˽, ԼöԷȢԷݣȴһȥ, ֻѰȴһֱҲпջø߰סڳ⣬ڳѰˡ
㽫ϸڶġû¶ӡֻ֣֪
㻹ǲģͬӡǽǷֿװαˡ
涯СˣӡӴ⿴̵ץˣŹȥ
վǰһһЩ·̻
ɨЩˣͬǴŻ䣬˹ȥȥǸѲġ
ץ̻Ӹӣǻȥ󣿡
û˵עƬջúͻȻ˵ôˣҲΣ᲻ҲһΡµˣסںõĿջ𣿡
ЩãȻͻȻЦЦȴǵߣǹɡ
ʼڿջƬһһҿȥ
ӡȥŵòУ̧ס֣š
˵ţԱһ񣺡ҪԣͽնˣֱӲϴ
ͷ˳ȥš
һ·۲լӣѡլŽȥ
ȥ񣬵ҲᷳÿŵӼҪæ¹䣬ͽŵһ
ȵⷿǰʱӡ΢΢һֵţͳȥ˯Сǿмң˵ʾҡǺˣֻ̧ǸĴҹ㣬ʲôǣһͨͶݵĹʲôǾʲô
ӡҧ˵ͷʱ洫
ӡվ˳ȥɵϣ۾Լ侲
Ҳ֪ôģһȻú£ԼѪڵĸо֣Խ˷ܡ
ӡǰԺţվſڣЦеλݹٸˣҪɷͨˣ½źȱȲ裿
Ҽ˯Եȡ
ӡ˵ţţӡ
ӴԼױݣӡ콫˽ֳȣס˳ȥ
еȺƬ̣㣬΢
㳯ӯӯһӡ
ЦЦȴǵⷿݼªδȴڲ顣СֹţȥҲССסֵطˣ
ùӼЦˡ
㴹ۣЩµӲ̲õòˣЪĵط
ݵҲԶУ̴һۣλôԸ߹ˣ
սңλСŮӣֻˣ̾Ϣūҹ˻Źݵؽ磬Žɢȥ
û˵ӣ㡣
оֹȥһͨ㣬ɫųӣɲ֪ôģȴܾЩ졣һԼֱ˼䣺ݣĻסڳ⣿
۸߰㴹Щ˼ūǮֻ࣬סڳ⡣
ݣʲôģ
Ѱˡ
Ѱô
δ
Ŷ̵ͷѰʲôҪҰң
ˣǾ̫ˡ¶ϲ֮ɫѰ֮λüΪΣҶ֮ӿʶ
ҶüõˣҵʶһλҡӣЦŵȲֻλҲҶ֮ɣ㲻ҽȥҰˡ
⻰㶣̧ЦЦôﲻ⣿
ӣūȻѣȴҲ֪Ůб𣬽ūˣô£ΰūң
˵ţһۣͼִܲȥӼҰɣ
һƵͷƤ飬ͻȻӦԸҪŮ˻ȥ²ֹŮˣ˶Ҫһ¡
ƾ޾ݣץˣݸողȶôץˣû˸ݾ̣óΪҪ룬Ȫǵ֪ǻŭ
ץһŮӣȪɫԣ»ΪΪŮɫ
ĥƬ̣ѯһЩϸڣԴҲ֮ĬƬ̺ɵþãԼ̫ɣôһŮӣܷʲôˡ
ЦЦº͵ͻˡ
¸ǡ
ͷӡ̳ȥ
ˣӡʱ̱ˣˣû˰ɡ
λϣ΢΢
̶ͬţҲµģҲҪšô¶ӣ˱ʧĹˡ
Ӱ߳һͬ˵ЪһЪɣȥûжҵˣҹǱߡ
Ӧȥ鿴
һջ
Զ׶ݸģó⼸գջ׶ݺϼ֮
Ǯʳ˾˼˾ͲٲˡʳǮ֮ʧ˵һʱ֣ͻߡʱȪ˵Ҳһѹơ
һȦʱȴ˸ˡ
ȴɴ˽ǰһӣڱϵҵûţŸڼſڻεġ
̧ۣˡ
ɴƼϵˣм죬˹С㣬ūҶҼͣطҼҹ֮ǰСȱ衣
⻰ԭҶ߷̵ˡ
Ƭ̣ȴǵҲǣ֪ӿɷǣ
ҼҹӲܳǣԷ˵Сڴ֮̽£˼Ҵйأй˼Ҫ֮СԸ⣬һ𡣡
⻰򴽡
񿪴ڼʣ˿ǣձϺܶࡣ
ȻҶȻ˵˼йأؾ͵ȷʮҪ֮¡
Ƭ̣ȴǵҿɷǣ빫̸
˵¹ش󣬷Ǳ˲ܼ
⻰ס㣬̳һҪȥ²Ǹװɣ
ҶӲˡ㿪ڡ
˿ɫĥһٴŽȥصʱ䣬룬ڵ͸Ǽҹӣֻʱʱ䡣
˵ţŤͷͬü˵ֺͱ⸽ȥ׼ͺ̣ȻԴһڳſڣǵ˵ֺͱ⣬Ū㣬ԽԽáȳǿдųȥ
ǡ
Ӧ
׼Ѿ˺ܶˡ
κһݵĹٸ޷ǵΪģһ֣Ȼ׷ǶΣҪӦԷ
㽫°źãӡ׼ÿűñλͽǡ
ߺܶ˶š˵˳ſڣūҲܸٴһˡٺĵںĸһ䡣
ͷ˱뿪ȥ
ǣҪٽݣ˺ĸ
ٺݱںߣĺôܹͺ߷羰ƿţͿҶ档
㶣򶨹ţҶվ˸С㡣
ףûϳ
ϾôñҲδϳ
ɵЦЦñӽ⿪¶º͵ݣҶº͵Ҷ磬þò
ҶˣƬ̺ã
ҡ
㿴Ҷȥ࣬ǹľӷȣü֮ȴ֮ɫ
˵ɣ̵ҽҹҪߣʱԵ飬ѰҹʲôҪԮ֣
⻰Ҷ̳үš
⻰㾪˵ʲô
Ҷظһ顣
үţҶҶ㣬ұΪǹ˾˼£û뵽ȻˡҲãҲԷĽ˽ȥ̰֣ҹһߡ
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лҪ˵
˾˼īףǸǡϣ
㣺Ʒѧŵʲô
˵ƷѧŵҶʲô
˾˼˵ҸҲ


67 
㻨òϢæҹҶ, д󰭣
ˡҶƽȵ, ԵʱҪ˱ҶĴ˶, Ҳ, ʱһȶִɾȻٳǣ氲ŽӦһжÿ졣
ӦҲҪߣ
ԡ
ô죿
ҶֻʣҺ϶϶ʱһǰ֪ͨ, ڳſڻϡ
, ̲ס㡭أ
, 常, Ҽ, ȪΪɱӺ, նҸ, ĸ׵ҹˡȪΪδǣ常, ϶
һ˵ʮƽ˲裬΢΢, ҶĿ⿴¥棬ɫƽֲ϶ò, ȪѾãĸȢ϶ң˽϶˵Ӧɱң϶Ϊ˱ȫңӦҵʱæŸĸɥ£δӹעǾͱȪһСνӽ˸С
⻰ͣˡ
Ҷһ𳤴ȻӴҶϣҪҶҶҶӽӴĶⳤģж꣬Ҷ֮ǹ߰ҵĵŮ۸ڶͬ˵ţſ벻ۣҪȥѡ
ôһˣȻȪͷӵ檣
ŭѪڣȴ˵Ҷ̧ۿ֪ϵãȱ̫ѹ侲һЩǱ㽫ߣպɱЩ֮գһٸѰ˼ҡ
˵ǡ
³һŬȻظ׼ҹƻ裬϶ڳӦ㡣
á
ҶӦл
һлƽƣ⻰ļѣһ뵽Ҷ緢ݿ׵ģЩܡ
Ҷ硭
ɳƳȰ䣬ȴֲ֪˵ЩʲôȰͻɲһ˿еӣ־ã̫ˡ
Ҷվţһ䡣ۣڻǼñͬҶȳȥ׼ƻ
˵֮ñҴתȥ
վ¥£ˣæȥСΣ
ǰߵúܿ죬ɫѹ㰴ԭƻȥǽҪҶߡǳҪΣգڳſڽǣ㿴¡
ݳ˻Щʱգ֪Ҷ˭Ӧһͷж
ȥʵкܶɻ󣬱ʻôѵģ̵ʲôˡˣҪҶú͹ʻҶҲ١
˳ǣ̵ͷҵӡܿܿ
еʳѾװڴϣ֮ǰǱѾ˳崬ʳȥ˴ʳɢ˵ͷ̴һ·͵ݡ
һʳӣԼˣӲ÷˵ĴϣֻԼߡҪģˡ
ϺŹģһ̶ӽ߰ٶˣȫҴϡҪ֤ǵİȫҶǻᾪ̣ʱ׷ǱǾˡ
㵽˴ߣҵܿܿͬܿܿǼ̳Ҫ顣۲ȵЩϢ¾ͻ³Ҫ뿪Ǳߣܵ顣֮⣬ϵˣû׼·ҪȥݵģȥĶУ̴´Ʊٸ׼ĸ˵·һλˣŮһС
ܿܿɫ֪ҲʣͷҪʲô֮󣬱ȥˡ
ͷ켣һ£ܿܿѾ͸̶Ӵ˹ϵȥһȦһ˻Щ˶ǵ·ܿܿȻ㽫˵·ǡ
ÿ˶һʶ˵Ƶı꣬ͬǵλǵݺǻʳޣһ¾͸ǰźûؼҵ·ġ
վǰлʵϹǽܿܿǵǮѾܶˣպܸãܸҲν
ͷ뺣ܿܿ˴ӡͬҲߡ
ˡӡЩҪ߾ͰˣҲ°
ʲôЩЦ书ôģϽ߰ɣҡúÿŴϣȷЩӵͺá
˵̧ͷݵķ򣺡ʱ򻹹ʲôǮ
ӡЩɸ֣˵ݱݣôӣҪǳ¡¡
ӡ˺죬ЦЦ˿ͬˣ㲻¡ӡ죬Ҳçײ£ӡ֣ңֻһҪȥˣҪһȻȥɣҲ¶
һһλӡҧҧʲôʱ˷ģ
㲻žͷˡ
ˣˡ
ܿܿںӡ֣㽫ķ򣬻ͷȥԸˡ
ӡҧҧڻ˴ͷһۣ﷫𺽣㿴˿ɫʱ䣬תͷͬµ˵½·ȥ·ϻù˴˵ҡ
ԷӦǡ
½·ӱޡҹͣУϢգգܵм㣬˾˼ǿһЩձɵִ
վͷʱ㣬ʣ¼·ϻݳſڡ
ݳǰ̿ªĲ̴ӣӭ̿Ъš
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ԸúһߣڲȲҶ
ʱҶʰ˶ʻС˿ɫϢѾ˴ҶУѾڲˣȵƻ֮ҶϿԴ˳ˮͰл취Ƕ˵㣬ܳá
Ҷʱൽˣ˿ڲ裬ְͬɡ
Ѿ͸̽ӵλãֻһֱαװ֪仰ҶǱڰеİ̶֣ϢЩ̽ӱ󣬵Ĩ˲ӡ
Ҷװ˴ֲ£ñ˺룬ϸ˭벻ҶҹҶ
߳ȥǱȺں棬ǰ·ͨһ硣
ʱһˡ
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ʬ塭
ͯЩԥ̵ͯһۣ⻹Ҫҽ̣
ͯæӦūŻᴦá
վͥԺ˼ŵ۲ô󣬶Էǲ٣Ǻйٸ֧֡Σ
ѯţԱ˸ϽմϢ̡̿Щۣϵ磬ģʳͷһλǣüͷս׵Ƶ𣿡
ӣרŴ̽۵ʱ֣еʳˡ
ˣ
͵ػͷӦǣˣǶȥԸжˡһˣˡ
û˵ĬƬ̺͵طӦãҪܣȥͷдȫ˭׼ߣ
˵ţ̼ţżȥҪ
̼һ·ۣҶͷ̲
̿񱼵˸УȪҪ󼱼ȥ
һ븮Ҷͬ۱̽ϢҶ϶УͬҶϵС㣬幫ӷˣȥܼ
ҶڼʰϢ˶ٶѹʲô
˵Ҫ
⻰Ҷ͵̧ͷ
÷ɿ죬ƴ˼ţʱҪʲô
ĪҶҪˣҶҪߣȻɱ̵˵ģǽճȥΣӣ
Ҷҧ˴ߴٵС㣬ǵøϿ죬ڵǣ
ȥˡ
Ҷ͵̧ͷӴóذף̧ͷͬ˵ȥ߹ӣңԼߣҺˣұ𡣡
С㡭
ȥȻϢҶϽذײص£ͺȵҪ
⻰ѾҲҵ飬Ҵ˳ȥ
Ҷһ̨ϵĽΡ
Ȫ£Ҳͬţò¶ȪûʲôͷҲİΪƫҶϲ֪ݳ谮ᵽʲôʱ򣬵ʲôʱöġ
ҶߵǰһֻΣͷϣȪһɴ£ɽͬŮȥдˣ˵ҲˣҪһ
վŮ㶣ҲҶʣȥȪ
ҶϲˣȪ㶣ɵõβѽ
ŮͷСūҲ֪ͼ˴ɴ£ڴϣūˡ
⻰Ȫʱ׹ǲˣǹȤ
ȪԳҶͷһγͷﲻɵֿ˻Ҳ룬㼱æ˹ȥ
Ȫ˷Уűɴ㿴ڴϣһֳͷһ˫Ǵ飬Ĵ¶ںɴ֮⣬öҡ
Ȫһϣȴװɵ϶ǺⰡ
ҶЦЦ·˹ӣ˹ָͷˣЩкöҪͬ˷ء
Ȫ룬Ȳ˹ȥҶϿЦȪѹϣˣۣ

Ȫ۾ٳ
á
Ҷش
ͬʱһִֻԱһֻ̽£ԥذףֺֿȪѣͬʱݺѹȪϣѹͷ
Ȫ͵ۣѸҶϲ֪ı˵ѹͷϣһֻŵٴ˽ȥ
һһϱѪȾ죬ҶϼȪû˶йֱӴӴϹ
ȾѪڵϣƬ̡
Ȫɴ˫ĿڴϣŴףһŮӣĵ
Ҷ˶ڲǵҧ
ӹ﷭Ҷ˸׼Ѹٻ֮󣬴Ӵ˳ȥһˣˣ
֮ҶϱѸܿźԺȥ
Ҫһ㡣
ٿһ㡣
ڲ˽ţ죬幫ӣ幫
Ѹųˣһʱȥ̡
̴űųż۶ȥ
ҶԶԶ̣ҧҧͬ˵ϽݳȥүţҵС㣡
Ҳ飬̼˳ǰҶڰ̼۶һʯӷɳ̵ܾҶѸ뿪
ҲƬ̵飬ʻŵ˳ǰ
̳嵽ʱʻոճǡ
ڴˣȥѾ뿪ˣֻǴűڳǰȵ˶ͣ£˭ǰʿ̹ϳţΥն
Ҷȭͷڳ̣ȣ²豭־򴽡


68 
⻰, ˶סˡ
ʱ, ȺбһľУ, ٸҪɱҪ
ȺһʱžҪǰ̻ܣʿìŭ˭ǰ͵ظɱۣ
⻰, Ű
Ҷڰ, һԶ, ҶϵŮ˹, ͷҶ, СС˵, ߡ

С֪, ˵취
Ҷҧҧʲô취
˵, һнй̷ԸϽȥС, ϧһдۣС

Ҳùܣ
Ҷ̧ۿС㣬֪֪
Ҷ˵, Ӧȥ
ҶһΧ˺̽šʱȺ͵رһȴһͻȻЩٱ˵̧Ϳ
ߣ
尡
Ҫˣȥ˵
ܱ߾жһƬңҶҲͲסųſھͳȥ
ϣȺ̲׽Ҷץס
ӿҶȻҲʱԶһ죬
ӣԱż̵ֵͬķ򡣡
ڶٴδӣǱķ򡣡
ϮϮ
Ҳ֪˭ʱݳڵľ׷˳ųŸ
ţˣǳȥɣ
ջųһƬʿҶһ˰кʿҶȥ̴Ա˹ָܲҶ
ˣԶʿԶ嵽ǰˣ
΢΢һ۶ҶϽ㿪㱻ԱߵĴ͵ؿֱϡ
ʱסǵûп̫һ߿ԱˣҶȥߣ
ˣʿΧסøϽȥڳźˣֱ֣ȫ
£˿ȪҪ
ȪݵӣʱΪ˰Ļסƣȥ
ҧҧ̵̸׷ȥŹˣ
Ը̱꣬˼ȥ
Ҷսˣһߣʿɢˣϴ޴ֶǰգʿҲ䲻µ
ҶһӣϽߣ
Ҷųȥˣ˵ĸ첲ǰ塣
һͣ·ߣҶţһŮʵɡ
Ҷعͷȥڳϣñ¶ºֳȵЦݡ
Ҷʱ˿æл
··ˡ
㿪ڣҶ㷢ȻһտɫĲҩͱҶҲʣİţҩ˿ϣϣ·һ滻һλں棬ްɣ
û£Ŀڣܹ˵ģԸٸо顣·涼·һϵĲһһѡһӣȺ˭ϲ㲻õġ
⻰Ҷ΢һЩֵүأ
Ѿ뿪ˡ
㵭˻½··ȫֳɵģҲûĴڣֻҪû¶㲻¶
㡭ҶڣЩΪѣ̧ۿ֪Ҫ˵ʲô侲ǵһǴ˵Ĵͷ϶ʱˣߡûҲߡ
ҶҧҧʱԼ¡
֪Լı䲻ҶĬţ˼Żû취
һ·˽ߣʱ򽭱ѾҳһƬ̶ںʿִʿÿ̶ȻӦʡ
ͷ˶̿ͣͳڰղͬһȪѪϴ̼ңѾ̿սսֻΪǮƣŵӹҪ۴ˣ˭ﲻ÷ţ
ʿͲЩˣ˵̸һʿֻͣŭͷӣҶҪϴȥ
áҶϵ㣬ϴɣ϶Ҳߵġ㲻ңĪҪ㡣
򴽣˵Ҷΰ͹˼ң˵ҶҵԨԴҲҶ
һڵҶ磬ɣˣĿ̫ʶ̫ˡϴȥţ϶ˣҴϴǴˣûǡ
ɣҶĬƬ̣򴽣ڻ˴
Ǵҹ㣬ʶˣ˲ࡣȴݳſôվֱǺҹһյƣȫдˡץҡ
Ҷ˴վͷڵţû˶ãҲ˹һ㣬һô
㿴Աŵʿ̼ҡ
Ϊ׼̼ҺʿֵԽԽѾ׺С꣬ӱϵ˰ɡɡͷڴȥһۣͷλ׳͹ٱŭţ׳ǸƢ꣬ǹٱˣ˵ŭʲôǲܳǲܳͬҺʲôӳ͢òͷ𣿣
ЩˣЩȱ¶˵̧ǣǱѹүǼˣǼ˰һһˣջҪֳƺã
⻰վһЦˣ񣬵ԣǰѪδִ»𣿡
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һ㶣δԷȻֵô죬Ѿ˴Ҳûʲô취վڴͷЦ̳Ŵ׷
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ҶЦЦƺЩɬ̾˿ǰˣ˺͹˾˼ͬ˾˼ޣὫ˵̹׳ϣӲڡԶ֮ѵݲԼ¶ƬǱҪοҲ޴֣Ƭֻ̺Цŵ˵϶ƺҼǵǰ϶ͬ˵ֻ;Ǹĸ磬ˡ
ҲɡҶͷҹ﷭ˮ棬ˣҵȷ֪ͬദҴСûôֻ֪£һ㹻ˡҲΡ
ĸ磬ʵѾ㹻ˡЦЦСʱҾ;룬ôûĸ硣
Сʱ򣬡ҶЩ棬㲻ľګô
˾ã졣ҶЦˣ϶˵ģ˵û
ɾͲ˽ˣЦͬǴ
ҶСʱͬҶҲ˼
ʱ˼ɵþЩЦ
Ҷı飬֪£ɵõ˾˼ðɣ۸㣿
˾˼̲סЦݡ򴽵أ
ǴǲˡҶͷԥƬ̣ڵʵҹ㡭
æ֣Цŵл㲻Ȣ֮ǡ
Ҷ㶣ž⻰ЩԾϽ͵ʵҲˣҵӲʲôҹ㡣ҲֻװģҶңʵƭԼҲƭ˴ҡ
޸˼ЦЦЩ˼ҾúܸˡҲЩأҲڡȻһʼͦˣӴ֪Ǽüõˡ
룬⻰ǲԣֵҵ˼ǡ
ףҶ֪ˣʵУ϶ͬҵáûеԵúãұˡ
Ҷ̾˿ʱѣҲʣ¼ˣ㣬濪ڣϣǶܺúõġ
⻰򴽣ͷԡúõġ
ǰУҹ޷£Ťͷȥһ˲䣬ͻȻ˾˼
롣
ߺ죬ֶ̱סݡ˶ߵò࣬ȴһΪץ˳̿һҹڸȥ
ݡ˷ˡ뿪ݣɫࡣ
ţѯʣûˣ
ûС
ŵ˴ϢŵԭǷͨŮӡ
û˵ĬվͬԱ˵ɱˡ
˵꣬˳ȥ鷿λϣſڹһֱûӷڱıһУݡݡݡ
оѪѪڣĪĿӿִԱֽɡ֮ϣ³Ǹ֪μǵ֣㡣
ʱ򣬹˾˼ڸ֮Уִűʣ̧ͷǰͨ˵˵һ飿
ôǮȻˣȥ
˾˼űʣѵΪʲô£
Է˾˼ŭ˵˾˼̧ۣ˵
˵Ǿˡ
˭һ𣿡˾˼˱ʣԼѾټޡ
ҶҶҶӡ
֣˾˼̲ס͵ˤ˱ʣŭȳ֣
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лҪ˵˾˼εҾ˭׼׷


69 
˾˼ˤ˱ʣûһ˸˵
˾˼߳ȥ, һһ߳ȣҪ˲ñȥȣһŮ, ֲ粻ܿ, ܾʲôˣҶһ, Ҫȥȣ
˾˼һ˵һȴǴ￪ʼͬʱͬԸҵһԸ׼̲·ͳ
û˵ֻ֪ͷ¡оó˾˼˿, ڱʲô, ˲, ľȴ֪ġ
ľϲ˵, ͷĵŻشˡ
˾;, һðѾ˭˵ʲô
Ѿ˵, Ҳûа취, ľϾ͸ڹ˾˼, ˾˼ԸˣӪõľһ˹
ȻǾˣ˲ܴ̫٣Ҳ̫, ̫ǾӳУǲ׹ȥһǡһ̶ӳ;֮ҲעĿ
ʱ, 
ǷǰǾƽвģȻ٣¶˾ùˡˣǶж¡һܿͽ˳˾˼Ҳ׼ãľϾϡ
ľϸڹ˾˼ֱ˱˿͹˾˼ƽСӣˡ
˾˼û˵һ·ǰþúŵû
ľû˵һ˲ۣ˾˼£Щܡ
ʵ֪ԸʲôĻֲ˵ԼˣҪһȥλãҲö֡
Ʋס֪ô޸ģ⣬ܻ𵱳ͬ˵һ䡰ұü޸ġ
ʱǷݾ̣ʱգԾɼǵá
Ҷ
ԣҶȫͬġҶĽˣ˾˼У˵ˣ˵Ρ
еİ⣬иıƽһʵĺˮûа㲨
Ƿ벨Ȼ෴ƽȣǰ顣
˾˼һľһֱԱ߹۲ţ˾˼ĶϽӣû¶ɣ
㻰ôôࣿ˾˼Щˣ˹ȥŭԶ
죬ͣ˸ۿڽвʱѾݣոտ㷢һ¿
Щ˴ʮˣ׷ŵУЩȻͿǾͶȴŹɱ֮ڴϼˣƬ̣㵽˼װͬҶϺҶҲɵ׷ˣ´½··
ҶϺҶûж˵ʰͬһ˴
Ǹո´Щ˱㿪ʼڴϴǵĿͷһ·񱼣˳кȥһȥҶæôһСݳ
ˡЦŵ϶ֲݳҼݳҲӦġ
ҶҡҡͷȴǹֲִʲôˣҲݳ
ЩΣЦЦֻܵһ·Ҹһ·ǻͺˡ
ҶӦˣҶ
Բ̵׷ǣԷ׷ٵĺ֣ûץˣǺܿͲ鵽뿪ķҵĵطʼ׷
Ϊ˿ǵѲҶϵ˵Ӱ죬˼תڲ˦ǡһ飬ʱѾʮպˡ
ҶһֱûкúҽΣһ·˿ڷ׹ŧųʱֱֱˤõûʲôʯͷһ֪ٵǲˣֻܴҶȥҽݡҽ˸ŧֿҩҶһţҶҲ۵ޣȲѣֻЪС
㲻ͣҽݣţ̣ʱ򣬱ȻصŲҽݡҶҶϢԼ⣬ڳ⣬ʱѡ
ҹ˯ȣҹʱ֣ͻȻѣعͷʱ㿴˳ǹ
ԷĿȷǳģӦҵȷϢûгɣͬҶϴȵ磡
˵˱ӣɿ˳ȥҶﱧҶоΪٶҡҡڰڣһֻץҶһֻץŴŬάԼƽ⡣
źͣЪͷһ׷ˣȻһβ࣬ȥ׷ǳ¶
ϽѶȥӵĶˣȫ׼ţʹӺ󴰽ȥ
ҶӦһץŻŵҶһֻץ˳Ķ˳ȥ
֮ǰڳԵʳӹڵϣҶֿʼ·ЩЩеԶϰΪŶЩЩ˵ٶȼ˲١
ȻӺ·֮û˶ã׷˫ƴ׷˲֪ãЩڸҶϾͿʼӣöǡ
ʱԷѾܽˣҶھҵĶҲ˹оԱߵĶЩôˡ
磡ҶϻųǱ׷ˣ
Ҷ⻰ԼϽ˳Уȥסߡ

ҶϻûüסҶҶʹԱץ˽͹ֻһ䣺ߣ
㲻һͷ֪ΣҶŮûκá
ҶһͼסڵʮˣȻԷⲻż˲ס㳯׷ȥҶŸȥ˫һ˴߰㡣
㿴Щ˸Ϲҧֻ֪塣
ʱ˾˼ˣĿڹٵϡ
ӣľϴŹǷǶѾˣôҹģ˿϶Ϣˣġ
˾˼û˵Ϸ˹ɵܽĳţ˹֮󣬾ͲְҹְڳŸ
Ѿ죬ûм㣬Ҳʲôֻܾš
ĿĵǰͻȻʲô
˾˼סӣ˽üǲʲô
ľϾһǴ
˾˼ԥͳ˳ȥ
塣ҶϽ棬ذף㣬Ҿƺܲƽȡ
㲻˵ֻǴԱߵˣԱѾ׷ǣóȻǰΪݳٶ̫졣ǶԷ̧õȥȣ۲ǵĶǿʱ͵һ߸˹ȥ
һʮ־գʱܻᷭ˹ȥ÷ɿ죬ͷð亹
ԷһûеóѣٴγʱѾΧס˿ұ˾ͳ㿳ʶ㿪ȱ㱻ῳȥȥµأ㱻˦ҶԴֱװڳϣ˹ȥ
ոڵ̧ͷͿֱֱ⳯
оδԹһ˲֮䣬ܱһжŻһ̣뵽뵽뵽ˣ뵽˹˾˼
һƬհףһ̾Ȼţˣ˾˼ô졣
֪Ϊʲô뷨ǹ˾˼ڲݱڸѵϣͬ˵㲻Ӱ̫̣֮ʱģȻ
Ƭ̼ӭȻҲǵ漴һ̣һѳƿնȴǽԷ͵˹ȥʶͷȴһס
ͷͿ¹£ڣ޵üĿϴ˼Ц⡣
ƣǵ
ֵ٩˾˼һץڻһִֻϳӣֱ̧һӻԱ͵Ϯ˵Ĳ
Ѫ¹ͬʱϣɫδ䣬ĿԱصϣзݣģ˵ɵʲôзѽ


70 

ڷӦ˾˼, ն, תͷ, ˳ս֡
˾˼ʱ, ľϱ˳嵽ҶǰסҶҶϣ˾˼߼ʮˣԷֻʮˣ˾˼вó֣׷ɱ˱Ѿڽڰˡ
˾˼㵽˰ȫطŵһֱ, ҹպ·, , Ϲ˵, Цŵ, û뵽, 㡣
㻹ͣڱһߵľ֮, һ˾˼˵, һͷսֶ֣Է˾˼׷ŴԺŷ, תͷôһƣסˡ
ֻ, ǱʯһȫӰӣһۿȥŲĿ⡣ӣɶԷȴʮֿƣ˾ôţ˺þúųɳƵˡ
Щɬִ˼Īİˣʲôˡ
ڴ˿̱ȴ־òʱˡͷȥСⱼȻҪݵġ
˵ţĿתǰȥ˫ʵ̫Щɱָսûã㳷˻ȥȥľϴҶҲҶϳŹ˾˼ҶѾ˹ȥľϱţҶҲˣ·һȳһա
ҶŹ˾˼˸񣬹˾˼ͬҶ˸󹧾һ·࣬ЩʱգӸ鷳ˡ
⻰˵Ҷ㶣м΢ȴֲҶ˵æҸ鷳˲ǡ
ȱ˵Щˣ㿴ҶɫɷףֿԱҶѾȥ˱ţæϽ϶Ҷӻȥɡ
ľӦԼҶҶҶϣľϺ˹һ˱ڸ˹ȥ
һ˸ϻ˹㿴Ҷɫԣ֪Ǹܵģʱ̶Ҷ˾˼ĮȻһۣͻȻӿٶȣҶֱֱǰȥٿҶ
üͷЩǵҾҶɫԣҪľȥչ϶ɡ
ǲϣǽڵģԼŲסԸ⽻иˡ
˾˼ƽƬֵ̣һ·Īˡ
ӦȴǷĲ¡
ȵ˹˾˼ѶõĵطҶҶϽݣհҶϷŵϣתͷͬ˾˼ͷ˹ӡ
û˵꣬ҶҲ֧Ųסǰȥ
һֱոһΣϽֹ˷סͬ˾˼д
˾˼Ҷ֣û˵ֻǰȥ㼷ԼҶһִֻ˼ϣҶһߵĴ̷£תͷͬľϵȥߴߣô
˵֮󣬹˾˼һߣ˵ʲô
򽹼࣬ȥҶǱߣϸҶϵƣֵҶߣȥҶֻѯԱҶ˿ڵľϵɻˣ
వˣľ̾˿СӣҲûʲô󰭣Ƕࡣ
ͷҲû˵
һ󣬴ҴҸ˹ֱͬ˾˼λСײͷӦûʲô󰭣˯Ѻúվͺáλصö࣬ԭ˿ûãˣڸȲˣոˣҲûʲôǸȲˣա
˵ţдҩͬľϵȿҩǺúտš
ôĻﲻɵЩҶ£Ҷϼ˾ʣҶҶ£Ҷϸô죿
ȻҲûа취վһԿҶûа˯⡣
˾˼ߵ󣬵ȥ˯ɣľչˣû¶ġ
ͷӦŹ˾˼ݡ
ҹ䣬˾˼࣬ŷ硣
ľľģӶҶ飬ȫǵǣһʱҲ˲ܱߡ
˾˼ͬһݣЩٻ˾˼̾˿ô࣬ϴ˯һ
¶ģ˵ͷ˴ȥ
ʵˣȴȫ˯ţҶѹͷϣ߶Ƚšȥһֱ˯òȣÿ۾͹ô˵ȱһ·׷ɱʱʱ̸̿߶ȽţҶһߣҶϻԲѣӶǱģľֲ
˾˼Ϩ˵ƣϣ㱳޷˯ʶţ˾˼Ҳձ³˾˼˯ҲҶҹۣҶܹܲ˽
ǹˡ
Ȼ
Ѿʧȥ˺ܶࡣ
ȥļˡѣһһ뿪ҪҶ뿪
˼ţ˺þúڻ˴һ·ȥȻĿţ˾˼ƽ𣺡ȥҶ𣿡
㽩˽Ƭ̺̾Ϣ˯ţţһ¶
˵ţЩɬ¶һ棬ҵڲźá
˾˼û˵þúվ·ȴǵȥš
Ϣɣ̾˿ЩϧҲˡ
˾˼ϵ·ǰԱ˵ƣŵƵ߰ɣͬȥ
ŵڳϣҶȥоߣΪŷ磬ͻȻͷſ࣬ͻȻ͹˾˼˵˵˵ܣǣһͣʲô˵
˾˼ԱӿתͷһۣʹüĿס֣ƽ͵ڵġ
һᣬͷűӦ֪
߽ҶڴϣҶһŴϣ˵֮ԱλϣҶ
ʱһ˿ҶԼẦ¡ʵӲҲǿ룬ֻҪʱ޿ɱܣҲֻӭͷ
Ȼһˣ˾˼վ󣬾Ȼܵһθ˵ο
ҶȵЩԺˣ϶˵֣Ҷϣ常
˵ʲô㾲ͻȻ͹˾˼˵ЩʲôЦ˰һӾǻ˼̫أ¶ԼСʱҲû䡣
˾˼㿿ڹ˾˼ϣ˾˼彩˽Ƭ̧̺֣ļϡ
֪ǰΪʲô޸𣿡
Ϊʲô
ΪСʱÿγԶţҶϴĽˣҲҪһ硣ͬҶ˵¶Ҳ֪Ϊʲôֻ֮ҪԶţܼǵøҴһ
ʱã˶̫ˣ޸ӦǼõġ
Ǹܺõˡ
Щʡ
ȻཻȻʱڵ꣬ȴΪĹʡ
˾˼ףһƶ˶ԣи鶼ôҶϸһǣμģ˾˼Ϊգ档
ʵҲףҶǹʽʱĳЩ־˼ұǨҶҼѲеݣҲΪĴ١
Ļ̿벻һֱĵףʼտЩȴʮաԼȥҶҶϻԲʱͳͳ
ķҶڶֺۣ£ǶҶ˵ĸ飬ģҶˣĹȥҲͳûˡ
ʵ͹˾˼˵Щֱ˵Һ£һ֣̿ܡ
˵ڡ
̫ʱ̻ĳĬαװ޷ЩֱˡֻܼԺеĶ˾˼˵
˵˵ţƽʱŲ˾˼һֱûлӦЩ̧֣ͷΪʲô˵
ΪʲôҪ˵
ܣЦһ£赭д¡ͬ졣
˾˼ĬţƺЩЩ⣬Ȼ̧ۣǹһۣͻȻ˿̵ĸо
ˡ
¡
˾˼̾˿˺ܾãŬڵСʱΪҵұȣֱȲ
⻰Ц˾˼̧ۿǰϣúõģҹ¡
Ȼġ
ȻľһӶȲˡ
⻰㶣̧ͷ˾˼Ҳˣ㿿˯ɣһˣҽ㡣
Ӧڹ˾˼ϣо˾˼¶ȴ͸ϣһ˯˹ȥ


71 
ʵ·ϣôʮΪ, ܰڰɫ, ɿһ˲, ͻȻ, ûʲô˸ˡ
ϲһ˰ɣƼԷ;ʲôãʲôԭ¡
ֻݸ˻άֲãڶԷ
ʵҲ֪Ҷգ, һֱԼô, ΪǷ, ֻΪ֪Źȥ顣
ֺ֪Ҷ, ֱ֪ıʴҶƵ, ٻߵҶվһ, ƽͳģ, һޡ
Ҷеӡ, ôȥģ¡ˣһ֮޸ˡͳҶеĲ, ǼѣĲࡣ
Ҷôһ˲Ҿ, һӣô
Щ뷨˵ֻǿԼߣų˯Ҷ
ȵʱҶԺ˹һ㾪ˣæҶȥżҶ磬ɻã
ҶãȻۣð죬ɳƳˮ
˾˼ߵϣҶһˮҶҶιˮȥ˴򣬴Ҷһŵûʲôˣ֮ǰķÿշҩͺˡ
⻰˿ͻȻ̲ס˾˼ַ̧סҶ״æǲˣϽȥϢɣ
û£ҡҡͷȴǵȥ϶
Ȼ˾˼ȴһץסͷŹ˾˼˾˼ɫƽҶûʲô£˽㣬ȻȥϢ
ͷЩΣЩҲ׹˾˼˵Ҳԣͷ˾˼ȴΪ񣬶˵ֱǰһֱӿ
㾪һҶҲˣ㱻߳䣬ŷӦʲô
˾˼Ŵ˵ֻǿ첽߳ȥһ߿˴ţһףͷȥš
㱻һŵеɵ˾˼û˵ߵͰڴǰһץĽţЬӡ
Ȼ˴˴תͷһߵ㡣
Ȼգⴲһ䣬߾ͰխĿռ¶ҲЩߡ
˾˼㣬֪˾˼ǲˣСǲˣʲôˣͬ˵ԣҶġ
˾˼û˵ȥ㣬˯ˡ
㿴ıӰ֪ǲ˵úˡڴϣ֪˾˼û˯˾˼Ŵһֱۡ
Ҳ֪Ըǵȸʲôô۰Ͱ͵š
㿴Ŵʵۡ
ʮյ׷ɱҹҶһߣ񾭶ţ˶ˡ˾˼ˣҲţ˼Ź˾˼˵ԭ򣬿ƣ˼
˾˼û˯֪ǹԼЩҧҧתȥݺһڣ˯ɣ˯ͬ㳳
⻰̲סЦҲ֪ôģʱࡣ˱ţԺ˯ȥˡ
˾˼㣬ͻȻ֪Ϊʲô˶ϲƣһܡίϢİȥ
Ҳû˯ãоĺҲ̲סԺ˯ˡ
һ˯ѣѾ¶ˡ۾ڹ˾˼ͷ࣬;Ź˾˼
ôû˾˼Ҳˣģ°ϻɫĺ磬ȥЩ㲡
ȻԾǺÿġ
üۣһʱŲĿˣоܱһжԶˡʼĥ˾˼뷨Ϊأ
ΪչҶ
ҶҹˣĲҲǳҶξǣ˾˼ҲСˡ
Ҷ˹ʻǸмҲӦ
ҶȷǲֻǸмġҶԣˣֳ˸м֮˾˼ǲһ񣬼ǰҶҲлԼ˾˼ϲҲ֮顣
˹˾˼˼ɵЦЦͷڹ˾˼ؿڣһù˾˼ѹƼؿڣůůʶȥÿͷȴڰ·סࡣ
ְջֱ˴վȥߵߺˮ
ˮǲˮݱˮʱӴ
˾˼߹Ҳ˵Լߵˮǰ־ˮã֮һ̧ͷͿݸӡ
˶٣ѡԼӲ˰תȥ
￴һȦѡܵ빱ϣ¿ʼû顣
֪ӣҲû˵ȴϴ֮󣬱ߵ˾˼Աȥ
ǿڹ˾˼ϣ˾˼˶еıʣװڣҲ㿿һ˾˼Ӧ룬վתȥ硣
˾˼ŵд̧֣ƿŪҡ
ɾ˵ˣЦŵҰ磬ôǺŪأ
˾˼Ʋ֣һҪء
СЩ㡣
˾˼˴ǲˣ룬ڵȻҴ㣬ǱˣȥҶ϶
˵ţվȥ˾˼˱ʣ˵ûˣ㻹ȥʲô
ɾ˵ˣͷЦӯӯû˴¶С¶ҲУôܲȥˡ
ת˲Цŵɾúð칫ȹȥˡ
㣡
˾˼ˤ˱ʣͺȵվס
⻰ȴǽŲͣߵøЩ
˾˼ĲͣƬ̺󣬸æվ׷ͳ˳ȥ㣬һ㲻׼ȥ
˵ţ׷˳ϣתתǣͿվڳȱϣЦе
˺磬˫ֱů¯ƺϵ׷Цŵɾҷ𣿡
˾˼˵Цʱʵ֪ʲôġֻĥƢΪ̸ͬ
ǸˣⷨǺõģЧҲеģһ¶Ըǵ⻵ˣ˾˼Ͳˡ
ƽȵܾԼһݸﻼûʧСû¶һ;òƽ
֪¶Цû˵һȻ룬ȴǰ̫죬̫ףûüӦֻ˵һ㡱֣ԷһѰסͷͷ
ڣ೤ֱ룬ЩͷĿѣ
ڳϣȻѾ˿ˣҲ﷢šˣȴǱǰһְͷһַûݵ
ͷһ֪˾˼ǿƵʱȫȻݲ˰ֵľֻܾ£˷ִ磬˼˵һƽ˼ֲ
ʱ͸ˣۣë΢΢ţϣ˿ȥˡ
˾˼ģ泩࣬о´֮Ĳ̲סЦǻµģٲЩӦҪˡ
㡭ۣҿͥԺ㲻˵ġ
ƺЩ˿ţɫһﻹЩ·Ǻ˿ǻ
ȻŬ򶨣˾˼о·̲סʿˮһʱ֮䣬֮ǰһɨգסԼɫɳƵҲԣȥɡ
˵ֻ꣬ס֣ұ㣬Լߣ
ҡԼߡ
ų˾˼ӦҲûΪ߽ȥĪߡ
Ƚ˾˼ţжĺã˾˼˶Ƭ̺ŵŵ㣬ҵĲǡ
û˵˾˼ǰڻůСǶǳȣɾˡ
š
˾˼Ҳǡ
㲻˵˾һ󣬹˾˼ֻ̫ˡ
չҶӣΣʶ֮ˣڵȻ࣬˷صݣ˷ǣڹ֮ˣұϧûǵҲԡ
ȶ̧סĪҪ
㣬˾˼ƽڣĲ
㶣̧ۿ˾˼ſĿϣƽһ·룬ԣʲôʲôңΪҲ㻹𣿡
㿴Ź˾˼˾˼Щ˵ЩѿŤͷȥɳƣҶǲɷ㶼Ըأ֮㣬˵ֳѣǹˣˣ̫࣬Ҳ̫ࡣֺ֪ƣ֪Ļ£֪޸֪ȥϲҸԼⶼǹȥأ
˾˼˵ţ۾
ԭ֪ϲ¶Ҳ˿࣬ϲͷһθеˡ
ǲµӣڣҲϲɣϲôܻȥ
û˵ǰ˵ЩѹЩšæ˼ϲϲҪѾǷޡ
ôҪ˾˼͵ػͷߺȳϲ㣬ϲϲβҪ
⻰˵˶ˡ۾ָɾִŹִƺζҪһ𰸡
㿴ʵ֪ϲģҲͷһ˵ĻΪЩ˵ڣ˵ҲãһϲãӿȻϲּЩ˵Ļ֣̿Ťͷȥҿ˾˼ǰһס֣ҧռȻ˵ˣǾ˵ʲôʲôϲϲ
ʣ·һһ㣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻƽ
޷˵塣ƽ˵ϲʲôϲ
ȫȫ⽻ˣһһֻ˵ϲ˾˼濪ڣĬһϲ㵱أ
ϲ˾˼΢΢⻰ﵶһۣǵ˵ȥɬϲҲϲ㣬Եȫ㣬Ҳҹ˼ж˽˿һӶãȫ
ϲ㣬Ҳ㣬ϲˣһǻãȫ
Ļ·ĳطȻȥ̫棬˾ãһӵԣ·Ҳܵġע̲סʣϲأ
ϲң˾˼ǿЦˣⱲӶ㣬ͷ⣬飬㵱ҵͷϣһȡ
⻰̲סЦˣϲϲ㣬㶼Ҫһӣϲϲ㣬ʲô𣿡
Ҳû취飬˾˼ЦǰƺΪ⻰˼˵ˣεϲϲңҶϲ㣬ʲô취
΢΢һ㶡
໰ϷϷﺣɽˣȴûһ仰ˡ
ϲϲңҶϲ㣬ʲô취
ȻĶоԼᣬҪǾ䡰ϲѿڶȻǰվȥ
ǳ嶯ˣȥǣڲǣδҲǡΪһʱжͽЩԵĻѿڶ̧ۿעݲӱܣã̾Ҫ˵ô͸𣿡
档
ðɡ
ºЦϲ㡣
˾˼û֪к󻰡Լ˲裬һڣƺ˼ãŵ룬ϲҪġ˼ʵһֱ֪Ҫʲôĸ飬ҪǸˣȫȫޱи㣬һġ
ҿĸףҲ̫Ů֮ɱҿԿͷϴӦ㣬ȫȫ⣬Ҳƭ㡣ֻŵ¶̧ۿɫҿһ㣬ãϲңԸ⽫ĸ㡣ϲңҲúõĴˣޱ֮ա
˾˼û˵֪ǻϲǱˡ
ͻȻԼҶĲĸԴǲҶ֪Լݸ飬ʵ޸
ûʧ
Ц־ǿͷЩܣƬ̺ɳƵǾ˼ǵϲġ
ΪĶ˻ϲԸΪǧะ档
Ҫ̫࣬ĸˣ¶ȴӲܾⱲûôϲһˣϲˣȴҲĲԼ
ֻǰԹҲֻǰܹȡ
Ķһ޶ҪĲǶһ޶
˾˼û˵þúͻȻҶʲôأ
һԸ̹ϻش𣬡Сʱϣܹúһ㣬ͻúһ㡣ҴҶϿʶż˵仰ܻһˣΪԼϲ
ЦЦȴ֪ϲһˣġ
ǵģ
ĬƬ̧̺ۿƽġ
˾˼û˵⻰ˡ
ͷЩܣҲЩ£ֲֳܱǿЦЦ֪˵ЩϷŪ㣬һ˵ӦҪһ˵ϲ㣬ϲûʲô⡣㲻֪ʵǰҾġ
ʲô
룬˶٣еʣԼƽŵԼ䲻ġ̰ͼĸ飬ָһĸ飬ܲԸЩǷޣججĹ˰ɣǿЦЩ֧ŲסۣӣŤͷȥɳƵ̫ˡ
һҪѻ˵һҪ¶ֵװס
֪Ŷݸ鲻ԵȣŶ䲻ϡ䲻ôأ᲻ã֪ˣô뿪ˡﺦܡ
ƭ֪Щ˵˸顣˾˼ĸ̹ϣ̫õĶÿ죬ȥҲ졣
˾˼˵ЩƲסʵҲѹþˣݵټѼ˲ʣһ·׷ɱ룬ǰҲĸ壬˭룬Ҳзһء
ƣӿ˹ֲ˵һֻڳĬۣ¡һˣǹ˾˼Զֵ
˾˼΢΢ҧᣬĬãúͻȻ³һǰȥ˱˻ЦɳƵЦЩʲô
ˣͨ㳳ˡ
ʲôˣۿ˾˼ЦЦΪҿޣұˡ
ǳҲǲǣ
ԸΪҿޣǱҡ˾˼ͷϣº͵ϲ¶־ԹƽģʵֻҪϲңϲˣǱ㹻ˣˣûôƽϣҲûô飬Ҷϲһ㣬Ҳҷ˵úܡԿıңҵĸα
˵ţ̧棺ʲô䲻ϣֻҪֻϲһˣûϲˣˣһʱ䣬Ҫĸ飬ԼҲҲãҲί
Һãɳƿڣ׵ġ
ףǾͼ£ǣɾжãǰǵģͲǵЩ¶Ҳǵ˵¶ֻǵҺˡ㣬㲻ǲϲң˾˼̾˿ֻ˵ĸ飬ǮûǮÿ˶еġһģҸʮʮģʮⲢǾʹ˵Ҹñˡ㣬ҵĹˡ
૵֪㡣
ҲģֻӦ¡

Ⱳӣϲһ
У˾˼ſע۾ЦЦᣬ粦Ƽգü⡣
˵ÿ춼ϲһ㡣
ϲһÿϲһ㣬㹻ˡ


72 
Ļû˵, §Ĳ, ļ, ɳƳһõġ
, һررõġ
ⱲӶ㣬ҺãҰĸ㣬Ҳ㡣ҲˣҲ㡣
˵档
ŵԼ˵¶
ϲϲ˵Щ̫, ֻŵ, ˾˼Ҫȫȫޱһܸ, Ǯʱ, е, Ը͸
˾˼⻰Ц, һ, ͻȻô, ܵΪԼģǰˡ
һ, εɵﰡ
ܾԼòò࣬˸֣Ҫʮ֡±˳Կ˰, ¶Էʧ˰㣬ȴûȥƽϹԼ˶١
Щǧ賤ĹڿŰŶãȴܵԼո˶ٷո㰾
ǲԼʲôԶֻԼòòࡣ
ͻȻôᣬҲã̫٣ûѴ̫ҲȣûҪİȣţһҪͬ㳳ܡ㺦£һȥӦ
˵ţſͷЦŵɷʵ̫ˡ
Ѿܺˡ㿴ͷ֣Ҳԣ̫㣬̫㣬㡣ҵĴ
˾˼⻰Ҳͬ޷ģԺľͺˡĶһֱģǻᣬԺҲˣͬ˵ʲô£ͬ˵֪㣬˾˼̧ۿЦҲ֪ôģʵڳﻹѹģɴ˿Ҳ֪Ϊʲô͸˵úܣϲĺܡΪҿޣ˵ﻰоãӣǹˡ
ܾƮϣţãܾò֪ôˣ˾˼֣ɫǸˣ֪Ҽ޻ۻᱯˣʱҾͿԸ֧ţϷɣҾͿšҪأұšڿΪʲôҲˡ
һֱҺܺáͷܺúܺá
˾˼ЦҿȥҲͺãܺãǳüˡ
ȤЩ˾˼վˣǶûԷأϴ˷¶ɡ
⻰˵ͷƺͻȻ˵ЩʲôȻ̧ͷ˾˼ʱֱ˿Ц˾˼һۣЦʲô
мϲ£˰֣ȥϴȳ극˵ɡ
˾˼棬Ҳѹȥͬȥϴ˲˷
ҹ綼ûԶ˾С˺ࡣ˽꣬ߣŲϢ
˾˼Ų裬ʱŵ㷽˵ϲ£ʲôϲ£
Цŵ˵ˣɵЩ
ţ˾˼Щɻ㿴ı飬š
⻰˾˼в豭ֱֱ£㶿㣬ã͵طӦǰס֣ٵţûˣĶ֪ͨһ
˵ţ˾˼վæͽˣȥԹȥ
˼ȫʧ˷ִ磬ϽץסӣЦŵѽ˴ˡ
˾˼عͷЩţˣ
ԣЦӯӯ£ͬ˵ƽ£˻ˮ·ֱݣҺҶӵ̵İע⣬û֪ĴڣȥӦˡ
̣˾˼üͷǺˣ
ЦЦ̾˿°ɣ˵Īż
ݳǿʼ˵Ǻˣγα̲ҶȻ֪ʻŵϢλһֱ
˾˼ţһֱû˵˵ˣ˿ڲ裬̧ۿĲ˵أûʲôҪʵ𣿡
˾˼°ɣ
ˣصݺǺúøһӦûˡ
˾˼ͷûж˵ʲôɫ죬С˼
û£˾˼һҡͷҾеܡ
ˣ㵱Ĳǣôأ
㣬˾˼̧ۿòáΪŮûкúñҸףǰ£ͬʱܾر𲻺ãϸҵĺã˵ģţ˾˼ЩʣȻҶ֪ⱲӣҪֲ˵á
ĻЦŵŻúֲͬһТ˼ңⲻ𣿡
˾˼û˵˵ʲôȴҲû˵ڡ
ֻ֣ס֡
ȥʱֻϸ⻬ȴѾ˼ӣĥƤȫ˿ڡ
˾˼ƣţþúŵ㡣
㶣˾˼ɳƵܿˡ
ô࣬ȴδ£δʱİο飬ȴ֪Ŀࡣ
Ź˾˼ĻЩף˫εۣЩƣǼù˾˼˵ģЦǰѽܿˣ°ͣЦӯӯ㵱βң
˾˼⻰֪ѹתƻ⣬Ҳûзĺ⣬ֻĬĬݺüЦҪô
⻰ˣü룬˾˼ģ̲ס̽ӣһڣѯʵ
㱻ЦˣЦõǲ㻹ǲң
ң˾˼Ͻ⳯˼ĺ˼ȭȭ˼
˾˼̧Ҫ
Ϊϲѽ˾˼ͷˣҲϲѽҪˣҲ᲻Ҫһء
ˣŬѹЦ⣬ֱôƤЦԱˣʱǿŵڲŷŬϵˣͼ˵أһЩ
ˣ˾˼˷·û˹ͷһһϿŵҵÿڷϲ˵£˲ҿ˵ˡ
˾˼Σͷ𣿡
ǰ˾˼һ̹Ȼô֪ҳģͷȻ
˵˵ϽҳЩ
˾˼ֱҪ˲źá
ˡ
ӣˡ
ľϵͻȻܽŵ͵˾˼һģӦ죬ʱסԼ˲Ϣ֮佫ƱһƵơ
ľϽݵʱ򣬾ͿЩ֪վһߣ˾˼ŹƵƣЩΡ
ľ㶣Сӣǣ
ȣ˾˼ճȭڴһЪϢһ¡
βЪϢľЩԻ
˾˼üʲô¶˵ôʲô
Ŷľ⻰æҶӺҶС⣬ҪӺͷл
Ƕţ⻰̵ǹȥǡ
Źűʵ⡣˾˼Ҷ˼ˣɡ
ľӦϽȥ˾˼СϹ֡
˾˼׼𻰣ľϱҶ˽
ҶϷҶҶϿȥ࣬Ҷˣɫ̫áҶҶϼ˹˾˼ҶȶŹ˾˼ȥ
˾˼һҶӣæҶ֮ǰǰסҶżҶֲˣҶξҹ˼ң˼ǲ֪ҪĶͷˡ
Ҷ˶٣̾˿һУ˾ңΪ
Ҷֿˣ˾˼ԷҶ߽ȥһ·ϵ飬˵ˡðҸףԹ˼ұĶ飬˼ҸмҲӦҷ֪ôˡ
˾˼Ҷλ£Ҷ裬ǰȥҶϣҶϿͿ˸Ķ˽ȴҲҶ룬򴽣ҲûǿҶ׽Ҷ
˾˼̧ӣҶҲ˲裬̧ͬҶЦһͬ˵˵껰ȥͬҶֵлǵ㣬Ҹףݵл̫ˡ
ⱾҲӦģҶЦұҲʶ㲻ѣҲͬǶλѣԹۣ
԰˾˼ӵҶѴҲ֮¡ȻͶ¸˾˼Ų豭Цһ£̧ۿҶҲͬѣպ㵱Լֵܣ̫塣
˾˼ٱԲƣⱭɡ
Ҷ⻰Щ죬ȴҲǾٱͬ˾˼Ɑ
˾˼˲裬תͷһۣɵЦֲҶһģƺ«ӣұһҾ;÷·ǰΧƵģ¾Ԯµúܡ
⻰㱻Цһ£Цһۣſں˵
˵ţתͷҶº͵Ҷ粻ؽ⣬˼ӡ
֪ģҶЦѧãӱӴ
⵹㲻֪ģתͷ˾˼˾˼һЩΣ¶Ͳ˵˰ɣŶҶּȻˣұ˳ʣ˾˼üͷ֪ʲô·
̣ᵽ֣Ҷӣһڣ䵭ġһ˷ŹϢ㣬ɻǵá
һ㷴ӦʱǸؤģ
ǡ
Ҷͷ
ǲãҷ۲Ծ֪ںٿءҰвλӵټүңǵϢҡֻǵʱҲ֪㣬ֻ֪ǧ˿ƣΪǹ¡
˼ôʶģЩ⣬УҶˣǾƲ˼ĺڵʲôϵġ
ҶЩΣүǸˣݳǱҰѿغүһֱҺм䣬ܰһѡ
ͷ˼ĳҲ֡
˵˼ҵ̨󲻾ãıȪȨ̾ͱƵǰ̨ΪȪһѵ˳幫ӣĻȪֱƴӡʱ˶ڲʲôұҲڲ飬ûͷ֮һգųһҹʮؤұȥɸǸؤ˽֪ǸĺӵϢ
ؤ˵ʮ꣬ʵʧ٣ˡ
Ҷ˵ţͻȻֿɼǵãǰݽ⣬һ׮
Ǹӣ˾˼һ룬
ȻڿƾƵĳ£崫ѾҪǶżִеȻǲõġǰ񣬴Ƿֻ˶䣬һҼҶӣةǹٹݽ⣬˭һҹ֮䣬ҾȻᱻɽլżȮ
һݣʱʥϴŭɴ󽫾ϰ½˷ˣһɨƽݳʮկݳǼ˲֪˲˾˼üͷʲôϵ
ϵڣǸؤ˵ʱСؤ帮
˾˼㶣ʲô˼
ؤͬ˵ڽ֣ҼйؼǮƣΪ˾ҴҪǮ˾ͽһ٣˳صʱز
Ҳɱ𣿣˾˼ŭ̧ס֣º͵ǹȥ£ҲûãҶ˵ȥɡ
ؤϵãǴģҹؤµӣȥһѵˡԣȥұˡûгɹͱץҡ
ңЩ֣⺢ӴɱˣΪβ٣
ΪʱһҪݡ
˾˼ڣҶ̧ͷ˹˾˼ͷʱةĺѣµʿ»ݿѣӦǲԸʱЦ¡˭룬ץҾͱţ״ӵˣǡҼʶ˵ʵһӣ»꣬һ±飬ǸӣΪͽݹٸƣž𡣡
ˣ̣žŹ£»ͽܣ
ȴ͵Ǹơ
˾˼ӣ̧ۿҶƺҶ˼ˣŵһӼмڹ˼̼֮Ϊ飬֪ҶֹȥǷСӣ
ˡ
ҶЦ帮ѧ£СӻЩ飬Ҽ֮УСλ̵ĳࡪ
Զ
⻰ڳ˶ˡ
λ̣Ӧǵ
Ȼ굽׾ʲôΪʲôΪʲôһСӱ»ΪͽܣΪʲôҪù˼ҿԹ˼ҶЩݹ᣿
һжδ֪
´ʦ֪մͽܣ
ǰ֪֪Ҳ֪ҶҡҡͷȻǲ֪ˡ
ãȻҶʵʱѣ˼ҳǰ£´ʦ㱻˶ɱˡ
⻰˾˼͵̧ͷ


73 
»δǰݽѧ, ˾˼Ҷ˶ѧ, էѶ, 仹ķʽ, ˾˼ЩȻûʲôֱ֤ݣȴ̲ס̣
Ҷҡҡͷ˵
ĬҶЩϢƬ̺ҶˣҶ϶Ҫʲô, ǻص˵ɡ
˵ǡ˾˼⻰, æ, ˼, Ҷ֡
Ҷѵ, Ҳǿ, ɹ˾˼, ͬҶһ˷
Ҷϵһ䷿, ݡһֱӣĶҲû˵, Ƚţ˴, ʱһͬȥҪעġ
ǰǾˣҶϴСӣ¶ǲȥעģչ
һЦӦ£ȻȴվߣɫƽӦĻȥʮֹģ˵˵ţҶ̧ۿЩãȻˣ
㱳úڽлȥ̾ϢŵûʲôǾ㻰ࡣ
ϾҲǰˡҶЦЦɬݲһˣҲһˡ
ȴʼһġ
Ӧ̧ۿҶϣʼѡ
Ҷ㶣Ƭ̺Цŵͷ㣬ûͬ˵ġ
˵ţ̾˿˾˼һǼ¡
˵أ
ЩɻҶԼ˲裬Ŵ⣬ƽ͵Сһˣ棬ҽź˼ˡʵ֪ģңҶң˰ƵҲ̹ʡأҲΪƢãûʲôѣ˻һҲǸȡ衣ֻһ𵱺ʱ䳤ˣ˼⣬ңұѾ⣬Ѿǹټ̫̫ҰɣҶЦЦ̧۵ⱲҲˡ㻹Ըͬ˵ĺܸм
޸˼СʱӣҾãһܻԼģӦǻúõġ
ҡȷǻò
ǿӦ̧ۿҶϣ֪ҶϵĽᣬʧȪһӹȥĿҪȰһȰȴ˵ʲôֱ洫˾˼㣬ͬһأٵȵȣ
عҶŲ豭ȥɣû¶
ǡ˰죬ڵˡ
˵֮Ҷſڣ˾˼վſڵ˾˼Ҷϵ˵ͷͬҶϸ󣬱ͬ˾˼һڳϡ˾˼סɫתͷʲô
˾˼ЦЦҿƺˣұϸס㲻˵ʱʲôӡ
㱻ЦÿվĥЩûʲôõ¶
˾˼æͷȴ¶
˵Žֹȷûʲô󰭣Щҩ󣬹˾˼ͬǾ̻ҶлЩҪ
Ӧ룬㸸˰ɣ
˾˼ЩΣͷ·ת棬ֹʲô˺úû¾С
ŴЦҲû˵
ȹ˾˼ϴ꣬Ҳȥϴ裬ϴ֮˾˼ڴϣһ鿴ţ˵ͷˮ
ҹź⣬̿𾲾ţ¶ǡôůͣ˾˼Ĵߣ飬˵Ҹůˣ
˵ţ̧ͷһǰˣЩסˡ
һҹֱִʱ˿̣Ϻúעˡû֮࣬پͦüſȥԽ
оԼһһ껨ѿʢ֪ԼĴʵ;ǰüɽۺˮһ£һá
ȻݣɾһƬȴǷֻһɼɽˮմȾ⣬һ·˳£ɽ֣һƬ֮䡣
˾˼ͻȻЩڸƺǴ¶ȣһʱҶҲǰֻܵͷۣСɾڿʲô
˾˼ʵЩңȴҪ򶨣ЦŵĲഩ·ɣ
Ӧϴ˾˼ñӸƺˣƺµʲô
ȹ֮󣬹˾˼˿ӣͷҸͷֱ˯˻ͷ۵ġ
㴹üۣоæͻȻҶǾ仰
˾˼һһ¡
ؾãʵ䣬ѾúܺúܺõĹ
ԶվôˣֻǸ֥Ĺ٣Ҳûʲôܷ츲صı£ôͷãˣҲ¡
һ׼ЩǮͱ˺֮ǣ˴˰ɣ
ѽ˾˼ĵһѻµĹضˣȥְȫָɾȻǲ˵̣Ҳܲˣ˾˼˵ţЦȥ꣬һоܿЧʱǮˣҲˡ
Щɵõ⻰ףʲôиĸˡǰɺӲˡ
˵öԣ˾˼̾˿ҲΪ㲻ڣ㲻ڣ㣬Ҫҵ¶Ȼÿ춼æŸдţ㷳Ҳծ¶㿸ˣұæЩ¶
˾˼ɵͷãæõҲ档Ŷһ벻ѧ˶ٶ
ţ˾˼˵һ嵾꾮һ̰ӣҾѽԺҲ٣ֵֻأҲġ
⻰㳹׶ЦˣɵõòҪ˭˭
˾˼⻰æңѽ˰ˣ̾˿Ů̫б£Ҳ䲻ˡ
˵ĶĻ̧֣ס˾˼֣ƺЩ˼ζɷζǸˡ
˾˼ûˣоϵģﻹûõ˿ڣЩӣһ㶼Щҹ۵ơǵǰģռ޵˼ҵʱȻó裬ȴʼǸСûȱٴĴС㡣Ȼҹ㲻ϣСұȴеġַ·һʼǣ¼һУòã˾ۣã㣬õúܡ
ס֣źصıӣӱס㡣
ţ
ȹЩ갲ˣҪӰɡ
⻰΢΢һ㶣Ƭֻֿ̺ţ˼˵ľϲ͵ӦСš
ҪŮ˾˼СһģԺ󵱸٣ĸŮ
ȻҲã˾˼֪ôģͻȻǾͿʼδҪǸӣҲҴС
𣿡̲סЦˣûкùԸ޵ġ
ôᣬ˾˼̷ù۾Ϲܿǵĺõġ㣬˾˼˵;رãԲԣ
ЦŲ˵ͷѾˣ㽫ͬ˾˼ߣȥصµ˯ˡ
˾˼ԱһͻЦˣ˱ţ˲֪ôģûۡ
Щţ˾˼ҲܸоԼԼ
һͬ͹ȥƺȫȻһģȥʱ¶Ĺţججġֻ͡Ϊʵ˯̽˯һŴһò˵һ嶯µĳԣûһҹȷ⣬ȷδġ
˾˼ֱԼЩʲôȴһЩţҲ֪˾˼ЩʲôӲ
ú󣬹˾˼ڶˣȥӱס
㽩˽СѣҪ·
֪˾˼º͵Ҿͱ㡣
ϤĻú˾˼߶Ǹٳһ׵ġ
㣺
ʵƣһֱţں͹˾˼ͽˣ˷һ˯Щ
ʱ򣬹˾˼Ѿƥ׼ˣϴ֮ͬҶҶϸҶأȼȻ
ӹһ·ȥ͹˾˼ͣͣݴ󺵻⣬ҲȻ·ǵʬġġڷţȻһϴξȫͬȴЩܡ
һ·ϵ񣬻û˱Ѿ֪һЩǰ
ȫѹֱƶзӲսϺнϽڶʹ֪ɧŽƣֻҪ¶ͲΪ塣
Ϣ֮󣬹˾˼ԵЩ磬㲻ɵõ˼Ҫ¶ˣڲĸʲôأ
ѾΪ壬˾˼̾˿Ѿնлӵܣ˶Ҫѡ˭ʵۣܷأ
û˵˾˼Ų裬ʣǷԼǻˣ˱ȻЧ£˵˵֪ӵ澣ݣôܷȴ֪ݽݣи·СڶʹһǺģ
Ĭţþú̾˿Ź˾˼ֵҲ̫ˣ͹ܺպΣӦٺ»ٸġ
⻰˵˾˼㶣Ƭ̺ɵЦˣ˵Ҳǡ
ٺ»ٺ»¶Ҳһĵġ
ֻҲʱʱ̿ȥ̽ʮ·ص˾˼ȥţ˵ſڵʱ򣬽ѾŰҶվſڡ˾˼һЯ˾˼ĿסˡſһΣͷЩˣȥ࣬˾˼ŶԷԷҲ˵Ƭ̺󣬹˾˼ʻȥʻһ˾˼̧֣ŭҪʲô
⻰ˣ˾˼ʶʱ㻹Ҫң
ʻҲӦ̫˵㣬һҲ㡣
˵ţֵ㳯ҳôʲôײҡ
˾˼һŹʻʶ˹ȥһӰʹĴϷͷӾôб£һ仰ʱʧеж̲ס㻹˼ңô涼ţ֪ҡൣ㣬Լó⸱ӻи𣿡
˼Ƽ⸸Ͻǰȥס˾˼ջú˵
״ҲϽǰסʻҲ˵䡣
Ů˵İڲˣʻ£ŤͷȥߡһԼĲ
˾˼ߡЦһҲٿʻ
ͽһۣ˶ЩΣ̾˿ȱ˵ˣȿ˻Űɡ
˾˼˻裬ðմˮϣŽ˴šȥ֮㿴ŽŹʻһ仰˵֪˾˼Źʻæţþ˼Źȥɡ
ҲҪʻܾ̾çײúܣ˺ҡ
˵˭Ƶġ˾˼ڣЩΣֻܵɡ
˵ţߵԱߣӹʻǸģϱΣҲ˵ʲôΣͬ˾˼˼Ա˵˵
˾˼Ӧһߣʻ¶Щ죬Ҳû˵ʲô˳ĬţЦŵһܿ˰ɣ
ʻʻá
ǲ˵˵ʱǷЩʲôɡ
㿴һ۹˾˼ЦŵҺ;˼ʱһֱ
Ҳûʲôʻ赭дҴܵ˾ˣСȣҶӷһֱ
ʲôΣձ˾ˣôȣôҶֵģ
˾˼һʳʻʶ볰Ա߽һʻ˼Щ˺ܶ࣬㵱׵Ҫ£ôˣˣСƢ
ʻ⻰ڽĬƬ̺һһش˹˾˼⡣ͷ˵ͷܶˡһȥãҺŲ裬Źʻ˵Լľȹʻ˵꣬˾˼ֽ˵һ顣
˵֮˳ĬãʻƽƽͺãҲˣȻȥɡ
˾˼͵ӦһŹ˾˼߳ſȥٵſ֮ǰʻͻȻס˼
˾˼ͣסŲʻҿ㳤ʵû
˾˼΢΢һ㶣عͷȥͿʻвزס⣬˾˼һѹһӿߵʻǰ
ε˸̫࣬ͣƬ̺󣬵ϥضʻļ򣬹һ󣬹ʻЦŵˡ
˵ţҲ֪οǸпظһߣˣǴˡ
ҲǺˡ˾˼ֹڶˡ
˵ʻۣ㵱࣬ǰҲҶӣ
⻰˾˼Цɬ̧۵ǣӣҪҪҪôԣ˰ɣ
벻Һãʻ̧˹˾˼ͷŭҪһƬ죬Ҵ㣬ҲΪã´Σʲôӵ¶˵ţʻһƽ˾˼ͷȥҧһΣӴ㡣


74 
˾˼ŹʻĻһ˲֮, ˼ֹȥĸо
Ⱳ, ֻҪĸ, ۸ĸǿ׳, ܾ;и鴦иɽʻ̩ɽȻù˾˼һжˡִ£ٴ, Ȼ, ӵе, ļ, İ, ȴûиıġ
ʵô, ȴ־ö, ǿЦЦ, ɳƵ֪ˡ
ʻļ磬̧ͷ˿㣬ȥ, ϱõôˣƵ, չ㡣
˾˼Ӧվͬһ˳ȥ⣬֣ͥԺͬ˵˼ŵĺˡ
γȥȥֵģܸøЩꡣЩ֮Ҵ㽫ݵ⽻ˣһЩءǲ񣬽ضָǣ˵ŵǣЩֳʳ֮ǰһЩĻ֧ЩǶӣҴͬЩ˽ˣȻͳһרŻʳˣ滮ôôأܵеزС
˾˼߶߶˵ţСһžž઴̣͸˼ˣ˵꣬ͷͿԱ·ʢǹ⣬㶣˵Щʲôû
ء
ο
㡣
˾˼㲻Цˣǰͷſ㸸ĸ٣ܲЩ
Ҷˣ˾˼æʵŰңٸһֱӲ¶վҪһ׬ǮǮġ㻨ǮͬأճɺˣЩ˶иԼ׬ǮСҽ¶ǴЩӣǼõģס
΢΢һ㶣ԼĶ˿һĻΣһŤͷȥ㸮ȥһа߰ɡ
͹˾˼ãȥ񣬺ġ
֪ҵãҲû˵㿴ɫѹæ룬˳ȥҡ
޷ˡ̾˿˰֣뱲ӶȥˣǴ뿪ұ㲻Ըٶˡӣ㲻ףҲȥǡһʲôأЦܲڻҪϸֵһˡ᲻¶ЩŮְͰǸʲô
û˵̧ۿ̧ס֣ҵǵ㣬ǱϾ㡭
ȥˡ
̾Ϣ̧ۿ񣬿Цûӵ£ҳҲȷѹҲˡΪڣͰȣˡ
㰲񣬴ӷ߳εķѹĿڣֻ߳ͿһӰбϣñ飬¹ͳϵĵƹ⿴֡
ѧأҲûεģվţվŤŤûͷһ㡣
㿪ţعͷȥЦ˵ˣ
˵ţ߹ϣͷС
ҿû³˾˼Цŵ㣬͹ţһžأ
һС·
һСҲ㡣
˵ˣǸоůһ·ϯ룬ֱġ˾˼ְ֣ڳϣͻȻã·һ㶼䣬һ㶼į
һ˷ϴ裬˾˼˾ϴˮϵӰھǰͷԥƬ̺Сȥ˴֬ͿĨڴϡ
£ƺЩڣæֲȥ֮󣬴ȾɫЩĺžԼ򴽣һڣ˴ϴ֮ǰȥ˹Ѱ˿˴ϣϨ˵ƣɵ˴ϣñӸסԼ
ЩţһֱϷعŻǰĲĶִ˼˵ϲãŹ˾˼ôԴδԽԽԼЩ̫˵бԼʱ˾˼ˮˡ
˾˼˵£ͷӾҳŷϨ˵ơ㶣û뵽˯ô硣ֻС³㡣
㽩ڴϣ÷ɿ졣ĥŹ˾˼ʲôʱϴ˴ϣ᲻Ц
о˾˼߹˱ӣŵòУ˭˾˼ŵһ룬ͻȻˣ
ڴ۾һ죬ҹɫ￴˾˼Ƕͷ
ðգͷϴ
ۣŹ˾˼ϴ
Ź˾˼Ƕͷͣͣƺʲôһͣͣƺʲô
һʼЩſţˣһ˯˹ȥ
ȹ˾˼ϴʱѾ˯Ժˡ˾˼ܺͷ׸ɲģ֮оƺ˵ʲôҲû룬ֽĶһ飬˳ȥ
ĥţһˣ϶˶û˯ˡ
һۣͷĶͷ㱧˯ˡ
˯ѵڶգѣ͵ۣӴȥİײ
ͱϵİ׾ע⣬˾˼Ժۣô磬˯ɣ
ҡȥˡ
ЩΣҹɢϽ𴲣ӹ˾˼Ͽȥȥϵİ׾غáȻ׾ȴǰһ˾˼ץǰ׾ü㣺ʲô
˲Сҡô֪
ŻҪʲô
ûСæϣתȥϴ
㻰û˵꣬˾˼ʯ֮䣬͵ҹߵĶƺͻȻʲôһץס㣬Ͻߣ
㱳Щţ˾˼ӱס㣬ǲͬСޣ
˾˼оԼⱲӶûôоȵ¶ȣյҪȥ¶Ҫȥ׬ӣң
˾˼˵ЩȴǱƾƶ֣Цͷһڣ˵𼱣׼ء

˵ˡ˾˼оƴҲ֪۸ˣһڣæ촩ƯЩ໣
һŶϣ˾˼ڷ֣Ҵ˳ȥ˾˼űQţű̽ŵǣС㡭û¶ɣ
˾˼Ͻһɥȶˡ
֪û¶ת˳ȥȥڽˣϴ֮󣬱ȥæˡȥһ˻ݣ֮ܿܿǰѾص˻ݵĿһ㽫ټ
˽һ»ݽ˵·̼ҵЭ飬ֻſڣ֮ǰڲݡܿܿȻºڲ׼ЩҶѾˡ
˶٣ܿܿǲ˵Цת˻ǾͺãҲһֱŴңƽҲ£һڶ¥һԸɡ
ݲùɢ㵥ܿܿ˿ڲ裬̧ܿܿ㷽Ų˵Ϊʲô
ܿܿˣһ󣬴һЩõЩͨļٻ
˵ţܿܿһ֬˳Ա߽֬ȴ֣ⲢǼٻ
ֶ˶٣̧ۿܿܿܿܿ˵֬䷽ǵƷûκ𡣡
ܿܿ˼֬䷽ѷ£һһ֣ɫָϾ˲ĬһڵԼ¶
ǡ
ܿܿϵһڲ飬ǻѾ֬ļϡ
Ų裬ܿܿĻɵЦˣ˼֬ÿһ趼Ƿֿһֻһֵȣֻ֬˲һ֪䷽ǹ˼Ԫϣ㲻˵ǲǣ
ܿܿû˵²豭ҪĲ棬֬ĵˣ֬ģǳˣԺô죿
ܲһֱ
ܿܿĿȥСЩʱգǵ»ֶ淺ģǼ۸ϲȥҲס
ϡΪߵıǰ֬ӵ·ӣôͬεĶ淺ĳ֣
ܿܿĻһֱ˼ţȥɣһ롣
ܿܿӦҲû˵ȥˡ
ϢƬ̣ȥ̶ӳУǺ͹ٸǩЭ飬һɸ֧棬һʳ׬Ƿ˸ԼҪǮͬ˶飬Լȥҹ˾˼
˾˼˵ԼҲܻ䣬濴ݺע⵽֡
ЩŤǰĲһȥƺھĨȥǰ壬һд
˾˼˼̲סЦˣͷǩԼ֣˿ʱ䣬ϰٵȵȣЩҪͬ˵
㶣ȴӦ˾˼Ļת֮㵽˴ȥ˾˼Ͻ¼飬ŵϢʱ䣬Ͻ˹ٷ·ȥ㡣
Ź˾˼һ߽ɵõ㲻ǻڰ칫𣿡
ˣ˾˼˵ʱ䵽¶ˣͬؼȥ
ЩΣ׹˾˼ͬһؼҡ
һȥ˾˼Ʋ֣ɵõģ˵ӣͬһȥ
Ҳǡ̾˿¶˵һ飬Щͷ۵ˣҿҲǣҲǡǽ˸ˣպ֬¶˭ŪǻţЧû·ôܣ
˾˼ţӣû˵ȫǷ֮ɫ˾˼ЦһҾҲͦõġ
ͦõģ̧ۣЩãȻ˾˼Цŵѽ̫ССߵô˳ˤôɣ㷲׬Ǯ棬ûǧ̻֮Ѩʵݳ¶Ҳģ¶ЩҲǺ¡
Ź˾˼Ļŵ¶ʱ򣬴˲ɣԼˣ˵ŸͬһԼԼҪһ¶ôһ¶漰Ǯ͵ףԷǸˡ㿪һҵ꣬ƣ͵÷ţĵĶܷڻǶǷڻǶҪôиǵķӣһȺ˻ƺ⣬Ҫô͵ؼ֬֬ؼˣûҲûйǵİ취ѹؼﵱͨƣߵգǱȻ𣿡
ͷӦ˵ǡ
˵ţ̾˿̧ͷ˾˼˼ãֵô죿
˾˼ͬˮӯӯһƣ˶ȥ޲øʮʮķӣ
ֻЦŵ취ȥģ¶Ҳʲô¶պԽԽеҪĵط֡룬Ҷˣ˽¶ΪʲôؼļҪʲôҪôҪģ
ʣҲ֪˾˼Ĭȥ˾˼ģƯˡ
ҹһֱû˯鷿ˡ˾˼Ҵ飬һ淭һ
㶿𣬵ȵҹʱ֣ڿȥȥߣЦŵ˵λӣٲ˯ɱҲˡ
Ц۹˾˼˯ͬһ˴ϡ
˾˼֪¶벻˯ã̾˿ɣұ㣬ãҪ𣿡
ȻҪģ̾ϢҲҲǵˡ
Ͼǹ˼ʮˣôң
˾˼ŵҪ£ֻһУ
˶٣ӦһС
ǲ͹𣿡
˾˼̾˿ֻһŸնԼһ㣬һأǺ·֤µңȥûӸ°ӡôÿʲôӣ˯һ롣
˹˾˼Ļ͵Ӧһ
ȻӻصŹ˾˼Ļ˴㡣
ȵڶգ˻ݣͬܿܿ˾㽫һЩĽ˹
˽÷÷̣һ֬˽㣬ԭ÷ͽܣһ÷Ļܿܿ˵ݷ¶Ҫ÷÷·ӣ㸺ƷӡӾ񣬻һЩûֵģ³ķӡ
һҪҲܿܿӲ²⣬Ҳǰ˾Ųʮ÷Ųͬ÷˵¶뿪֮ǰʹͬ÷ģߵôæڲ˵ԵЩˡ
÷һߣԵЩǴͬ˵ʲô
һʱͶңҲͬһִĻݣн죬㹦ûȴûӦеĴҵĲǡ
Ļ÷Ͻ˵Цˣ϶ҴǴݹǰǸмҸ٣Ӧõġ
ô˵ͷˣ֮ǰǼ£ЦŵݹģԽˣȥݣһ·̸˸̼ң֤պӻһ·ȥҲͬݡݡطĹٸ˽ԺһЩطݼٻģһץԺǱ㲻õ⣬Щ໨˼ôҵĲǸӣţǵùһЩһиţ˹һЩƵˣԺǵĹؼȻҲҪЩ
÷Ļɫֱ䣬۾Щˣƺ˼С˼ǣ
ԣЦŵã
÷ɫޱ䣬˿ڲ裬˵ɫζǳУʲôӣһץһž֪ͽܣţһÿ¶ʮٸһɵĺӦΪ˵ģǰɣ
÷û˵ɫÿûɫһЦſպƽˣΪµĹͣպݳ˻̣ǾҲˣ㲻Ǹ֬ʦ˵ܵøƷأ÷ʦʱͿͬ˵ͽˡ
˵ţ㿴÷ѯʵ÷̾ã뷨׵أ


75 
÷Ļ, ŬһЦǰĺ, ȻǸ˵ġֻǰǲǳ˵㣿
Ӧ, ЦЦ, ҲʹˣǶ˵ʦˣϾﶼˣʦ¶Ҷ֪٣ʲôӰġ
÷Цݣȴʲô˵ˣ, ʼʦ, , ¶, ׵𣿡
ȻȻ׵ġ
÷Ҳûʲô˵, ͱǿ, ֪ġһ뵽Ҫѹͷȥ, վǲ㿴, û˵˼÷˳ȥ÷, ￪ʼĥš
㽫еطֱȥͬٸһץٻˣٻ²͵, »вСķգٻʱҪڱǣҲܸһеġմСʱλãÿµǮܵõһɵҲԸˡ
һɵ󰡣ԻݵĹģԺȥٻҲҪˣοûûֻҪ¶С
÷ΪˣֱѪˡƾʲôأһֽ̳ͽܣҲͽܣôԽʦȥķ룿
÷ԽԽƽȥƬ̺ҧҧ˾صȥҡ
죬㶺÷ֻˣ
ң÷侲Щ¶˼ǰ󣬱Ҫͬ˵סҪᰢ㣬ʵס
أգգۣãƷճڡǴһƾٵģ÷̾кβף
ң÷̾˿ʵ¶Ҳԥ˺ܾãһִģ¶û̺ҵĲǣŶȰЩʱգ˵;֪ǶҪҾͲò˵ˡ
ˣ
֪ٻģһЩٻ뻨ûɣ
÷۲飬üͷΪǵ˵ˣΪ·ء
ҿΪʲôĻͻݵĻƵԼĵز
㶣Ƭ̺͵̧ͷȵ˵㣿
ǡ÷¶ɫ̾Ϣ֮ǰ㣬ͬҪ֬֬䷽Ҳ֪ǼҵĹգһ˸һֻ֣㲻һſһܿԭϺȡôһʱһֱڸ湩͵ӣĲдƷȥˡ
÷һۣаϲɿҲȰ˸ˣزȱǮҲΪǮȰҲ˵ЩؿǿǣͽܣҶңֱ⣬ҲΪѵúܡ
÷̣ףһ̧۵ǣ˵ЩܵЩƾʵݣϾǴ£Ҳš
÷Ͻ˽Ƭ̺ҧ֪ҽ֤ݡ
Ŷ
ĿдԼԷڶ¥ͥԺһ֬䷽ԷҹȥȻ߲񣡡
˵ĵ棿ü÷ͷǧȷֻǶңˡʱǻҧðΣҲǡ
ġӦܽЩңȻġƷ֪İɡ
÷̸꣬÷˳ȥЩˣȷ磬亹ڷˡ
ʵǲµģȻмǣߵˣĽǸɵӣƲʲô֤ݣʱ򶥶Ǻ˵ҲˣȷˣС۲㣬Ҳ
÷ϣ߸ˡ
߿ȥӡܿܿӷڸ߳ܿܿ̾˿÷˼̫ˡ
Ҳѽӡ˵׽˾Ϳ԰Ǳһˣʱô˷ˡ
˵Ƭ̺ȴǵ˸ˣزˣ
ܿܿˣӦȥģȷӦҲˣŴӦ÷
˵ţܿܿԥƬ̣ڻǵ˻Ǻõġ
㴹Ƭ̺˿ڲ裬̧۵Ҳ˰ɣȥ˰ڶ¥һץˡ
ӡӦȥ
Ź˾˼ڴˣϲһѶòţ͵͵ġ
ڹ˾˼ߣЩͷ˵ôˣֲСӣʲôʽǽûȾûȣһ쵽Ϲڸƨ˼ܻؼҹҵ֪㺦
㻰ܲһ㣿˾˼üæģֲҵġ
ƲƲ죬룬ǰȥ˵滹ûԲǲǻл᣿
˾˼һۣ̫˵ȥп졣
˾˼ˣϽջͷ˵ˡҪ׼Ķ·϶ڽͷҪ񣬹˾˼̲סüͷ˵齭أѾΧڶſˣˡ
˵ǡ
˵ȷƳǣǲǾ٣Ҳˣ
㲻ǻ뵱ɽ𣿡˾˼ڣ٣
һΪ¶ɶСҿί
˾˼˹ǣͻȻЩǣǻʮʮˣôô칥齭أ
˭֪أʼ磬ȰҲˣϽ׼鷿͡
¶ζı˾˼Щ˼һҪ˵ʹӡԶĺ
һ˾˼æѶҸң
ŻŰѶ˾˼ӹȥ˾˼ű˻ߵĶϽԱˡ
ӡСܵǰЩֵҸղſүأ
ûŵղֻи·ģŸ绹ڸء
ƼѽӡЩ̵֣¶˵ʵģ̽Ӱ
ʲô̬ȣӡЩˣҲ⣬ϽŶ˵ϴ˵¥ȥץˡ
üͷӡԭί˵ˣ׹ͷУС¶ȥˡ
ӡ˻ˡ֮󣬹˾˼Ŷ̽ͷʲô
һ˵˾˼̵ͬȥ
˽ϻӺһֵܣٴϹ˼ҼҶȥ˶¥һױھ¥װʲô¶ûкžơ
˾˼¥ϣһûһ죬ȵһȺŮһЦתͷȥˡ
ݵĻƴ඼ŮˣҶǰŮˣһ˳ԷȻٵĹ˵Ż֬㸡ȥ˱㶼˹ȥ
Ϊ׵ã׹ˮΰİ׹ڵƹҡţԵд˼鶯
ڱ㲻ϸߣů¯ҲûжʲôƣֵǣһƬ֮Уȴʼǽڣĳдһ·ӿȥ׵٣ֳһ˵ĳ֮
ŮӳоĿοȺлĽˣﶼ߽¥ͬƷԸ˼䣬˸Żƣһ˰䡣
ȹһһߵʱû˸˵ǹ˾˼ĿռУظܵǲ֪ʱֵġ˵
ƺǸо˾˼Ŀ⣬ͻȻ˶ٲӣ̧ͷ˾˼Ŀ֮䣬㿴Ź˾˼űӣؾЦˡ
һЦƹ֮£·κˣ˾˼زúЦûɻ꣬λϤԼòϤϣɵı飬Ťͷȥбһۣһ֮䣬۽üҾǷ飬Ա¥ȥ˰֮С
Ȼݵ˶˰䣬Żָţ⻨ݵŮϰ壬׬Ǯб£ÿ
˾˼ȴǾűӣöû˵ƺڻعŷõһĳС
̲סָͷǰ˻ΣŸ磿
˾˼۾ֱֱģһ˱ľƣ㻺˹ˡ
ţЩãö˶˵ô˵
˾˼̾˿ϴЦƺЩΣƫ˼˵ĸ˵Ůˡ
ʲô˼
˾˼û˵ֻǺž΢Цȴ̧֪ͷĿһ˲䣬ͻȻףʲôǲ׺ˮɽơ
ⱲӣҲһŮˣĶˡ
µǣ֣ƺһڷɿϣٶȣ
֪ʲô̶ȣֻ֪ÿһεᾪ˷ֶ֣ϲôһ㡣
˾˼ƣִ̧ӶץЩͭ壬ݸԱߵĻӣЦŵȥҸˣ÷͵Ƕȥ
˾˼Ļ͵һʱ㶣һƬ֮У˻
˶ڵЦֻ÷Щ÷һֱ㣬һֱƺڲʲô
ŴһڳһƬƱ÷ǰȺ÷˾ƣűǰ㣬һ
⻰æվЩŵҡ
꣬һֱҵģûüտңҵĲǡǻݵĹ뻨һãʲô¶һҪͬ˵
˵ţ̾˿ⱭҸˣ㣬أ
û˵Щ죬˫ۣãƺʲô֪ˡ
֪ôݵվ
ֻܣͷȥһңԲ𡣡
̧ļûж˵
÷ţԽģһƫ̻ҪպҪô죿
Ȼ÷ֻܿҪѶִЩ˶ţ㲻㣬Ҳð
÷˵ףҲ˵ҺžƳŻ⽻֮䣬˷沼ڳ˳ȥ
÷ȥϽϣСңȥˡ
̧ۿȥ˵ͷӦ֪ˡ
˵ţӡЦͬ˵ţҳȥ㷽㡣
˵꣬ӡ˳ȥ÷Ƭ̣ҲЩסվ˸ƽϵõĹҲһȥ㡱
ǰǰͥԺϣʱ˾˼˺ԺȵķϣŹӣŲ̲סЦѧɵӰɣ
⻰˾˼Źӣô׾ӵľ֣Ҳ̫ǶˡȻŰɣҼһǵžž졣
˸ۣûж໰˾Źӣи˹ߵ˳ȱϣ֮ˣ˿㣬ٵأ
ԥƬ̣ڵ룬ⷽҲܸǵǮҲҪˣЩ𡭡
ͳǮɫʱˣһѴӣŭ˵øӵģڹ׼ˡˡҲѾˣʱ֪ͨˣΪôʧô𣿣
⻰ɫ˰ףԷɫ侲ѹʦҲǹΪ㣬ҶΪ¶Ҫ·ҲҪ·ﻹи첡ҪţֻǷֹʧʲôðһˣҪԶţӦ˵ˣǶ׼ˣ˵ӦǲЩ
ҡЩΪѣ˰죬ҲֻǵҶԲס
㷽Ӵ϶԰ɣ
Էûԣһۿֽҳ̧־ҪȥŭҲͬϻҲҲø
ſͶԷ߭˾˼ŹӣĥŸʲôʱ֣ʱͻȻһʮŭȣʲô
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֮ѰȥͿüͷ˪ƺǼƣŭ˵ģȻı£ӻһͷ
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˾˼̧֣ʹ
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ཀྵ֮䣬÷һǰ⧲һѴץдķӣ⿴һۣͼеðҶôãȻô⣿
ɫɷף˼ƲԣתͷܣȻչȣʹһƺǱ˴һ㣬пȥƬ̺ͱѺ˻
÷ŷӣʹļףҶôãΪˣҲⰡ֪ƽԶһѾͷƬӲҲôͿ㿴ĶЩʲô¶
Ҳǡƺʲôȴ˵ֻǿ÷ż÷̣鲻֪ġ
֪ʲô÷ʱ㻹ִԲ򣬾ˮ𣿣
ҡ
÷̣ʱ㵭˿ȥ÷š䷽㽫ֽת÷̵д˼ͯҥôˣ
⻰һ˶ˣ㣬Ҳµġ
ͷֽͣº͵û뵽㲻֬ʦ֣߳дúõúܡ
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лҪ˵㣺ÿҪװˡ
˾˼ӵҿԽ͡
㣺ˣúãټˣҵľ˼
˾˼


76 
һ÷ֲҲµ, ͬ÷һ˼Ʋ, æͬ, ʱֻʣ÷Լһˡ
㿴˿ɫ, ƽ͵վ˿ã˵ɡ
˵ţһ¥ϡ
ǽѾõķλϣ˸Ѱ˸λ£ֻѺһʼץ˹ţ÷վһ
һڲ, ÷ʱʼЩ, Ҷ໰, ֻĴ, Աƺڵʲô, Ҳ, ֻѾ׼, ˷̹Ȼ, ֻǵͷŵذ壬ʲô˵
ûƬ̣Ӻͻѹ˽, һ÷ɫͱˣԷ, ŶԷһߣŭţ
һͣˣӸɾˣү˲ģſˣˣһѾȥ׷ˡ
ɵúá
ͷЦŵͷˡ
лæ֣ʾ¡
ץ˿ԣҲ˵ˣɿ쿴һ÷ֵͷȥ
˵˵ɣƽͿ÷ô¡
˵ţ㽫ֽҳŵϣ̧ۿ÷ֻһЩʫʣ̣ο϶Ƿӵģ
⻰Ŀ䵽÷ϣͽܣΪʦ淢㣬˵Ҳ㣬˵
ңǧ±ˣ÷˵ʱӦ˼ţһʹթæĵҪڶ¥£׶ģҲô϶Ƿӡٲ飬ٲ֪⣬ȻʱΪʲôҪһｻӶֻʫʣҲ˵ȥ
÷̣ȥˣǺΪգ˵Щʲô¶¶ȥġ
˵÷ŭȳʽץЩˣǵ˭ģ
⻰ͷʼǴһѣ㻰أ˭ġ
˲ָ̧֣㡣
㶣̾Ϣ㣬ԭһŸᣬλãЩǮû뵽ȻλãҲֻˡ
⻰÷жʱϲȴ͵ǰȻ÷ۺˣ
һʱЩգ˰죬Ҳûܶ˵һ仰Ͷ÷һ㣬¶ݾˡ
ɫ˰ףƬ̺һ̧ۿ㣺ң¶Ҳ׵ġֻã̸ĻڿУƺãӵʲô
ڵá
֪ҳ㣬̾˿ˣҲŵġ
֤ݣ
ѯʣû˵÷֤ݣûֱ۵ģ֪һ·ӣ֪ô˳ҸץˣһܲЩʲô
û֤Ҫץ˲ˣ÷ûġ
˵Ķģżˣȳ÷ʶЩٻˣҵң˵ֻڻĵطӰģ
˵ţΣͷң֪˵ʲôҲţûкġ˲ȱǮûа취ҶԲסҲûԭߵģҹĿĺ࣬ۿ֮ǰϣܾ÷ǲģ̰Ҳûʲô¡
˵ʲô÷͵վŭȵʦ
ʲôû̹ҡͷƺǻȥһ㣬ֿ侲ѸٵʱңҶԼԼѧ˳ɼ͵˵ҵʦҽ˹˼ңжһֱ㣬ҪˣڶƤºΪңﲻֹһ˱÷ҿԸһҡ
Сٺ˵
÷Խ˵Խ࣬ҲûĳһͻȻ˵໰͵ȥҪ죬ڵ˴÷ŭ˵㲻ֶΣŪңҲ㼸Ｘ
㡭͵
÷˺ţһ׮׮һ˵ѵ۸ˡ
ٻ
͵òϳȥ
ݼҡ˲ϡ

㷢˺ݣһ׮׮˵÷ϹҲסֻǲͣŤһ˵Ҳˣ˽㿴ͷѾ˵ˣˣˣǹ˵˵ɣ̧ɨһȦһһʡ˼̧ۿ˾˼˾˼Ͻã㷢
̧ɨһԱ߱ץˣǡ
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ҡЩں޲ѡ
ЦЦҲûչ˺ǣ֪״ûΪǺúù滮һ·ⱾҲҵĲǡԺһúøҲϣ㣬㻰ζҲͬһ
ͬһȻͬһ֪͸ġ˼æҪЧң㽫ЦЦΪҺãͽ֪Ķҡ
ΪץٻΪ˳жĺ·ٺõˣܷԽʯȥԡ
֮ԣÿ˶УֻǲͬĻἤͬ
ߵнˮȻҲҪӦļලܰʱʱ̷̿ջ
ȻҲû룬ֻǸæ֪һһʮ˵ˡ
˵꣬˾˼ǱҲˡڹȫ¼ϣٴνˣȫ
÷һֱվſڣЩһֱ淢ʲôԺһܿµ뷨
ڸأ
䣬ͨڲĲ͵õϢأ
һ뵽÷;亹乣ŬԼܣȻãߣȶģȴ·ͻȻˡ
Ȼס
׹㿴һվſڣ豭÷ˣɡ
÷ָλã˲裬һڹҵ÷ǰƽ͵÷̣һ°ɡ
÷û˵ˣǿڹϵּȫЩ˵׾ʲôĬȫĬúͻȻЦЦʵﶼˣʲô
һ㣬˿ڲ裬˵һ䣬˾˼
˿ȥ˾˼æͷģ˵ġ
˴˵Ҳû㽫Ŀת÷ϣƽ͵Ҳǣѡ


77 
÷û˵ú, ̾˿ҼȻҪ, ˵, Ҳǲϵ, ô˷ѽ⡣
Һһģ÷̧ۿ㣬˼ΣǸŹ˼ңǧݣȴǰôû, , ҼҲССָ, , ¶´, ͿҲڹ˼Ҵ˼ʮķ, Ӱɡ
¶ȥ, Ѿ, ƽԭΪ㲻ٻ, ȴŷ֣㲻ǽķ㻹Բ, ǵҡײƭ
ң÷һ⻰æȥⶼ㱨Һ˵İ֤𣿡ٵû֤ݵ¶ôܵأ
֪״ˣ㳰ڣ֣˾˼æղĿڹݹȥڹ˾˼ôʶ̲࣬ס̧ͷһۣЦȴѹסˣǷݿڹӹȥԸɡ
÷ÿ
Ǹץ˾ã֪£÷÷˵̾˿÷̣ڹ˼ҲôˣҾͲףôأ
ô÷Ц͵ŭȵô㲻Լ𣿣
㶣ڳȴˣ÷㣬ٵҲ֪ڹ˼ô꣬ʮ͸ŴˣݣҶ˵ˣߣ˵ҪǲɢˣˡǻҺҲˣأ
÷ָָ̧ܿܿôǣ
ʲô˼ܿܿôһָҲŭˡ
÷ܿܿƽʱ˭˵ǽǾʹ촰˵ҿˣҪɱӺҪ͹ٶ԰ɣ;ͰҰ˫ֿ˴Ӵ˲ˣҸ㣬ŪˣΪݾܺúÿȥˣСʲôƢӲ£ʲô֪Ϲָӡϴ׶ʵһ׶Ǿˣܽӵڶףֽٺеĵӣǵڣͽ¶ȫͷ˸˳㿴˵͵ʵÿ˯ʱѾһˣ
˵˵ܿܿŭǺŴŬС㣬û¶Ҳ¶ģ
㱻÷һͣ˶ˣû˵ֻ÷ܿܿ״ܿܿվϣžžµ÷߿࣬ú̧ۿ㣬ڵ㣬÷˵𣿡
㣡ܿܿ⻰Ͻǰסֵ˵仰˵ʵûУҶΪŴҺð
㱻ܿܿţú̾˿ҸиѴɡ
ЩΪѵܿܿ򣬷¶ʲôҲ֪һƽԸһ춼ô˯һֱæŵ¶ԷԣʱҲֲᣬǲˣһֱϢȻ
ܿܿ⻰˶ˣ̧ͷһ÷ֵͷ÷˵ģûôţҲȷ¡ֻܿܿҲǻġ
ˡ̾ϢЩˡ
Ϊ÷¶ݵ¶ͽˡȴŷ֣һţһܿ±¶
Щ¶¶ģʵ֪ܺ
ͻȻЩңе¶硣
һ·ߵ̫˳Щڰѩ֮µ˿ǰһЩʱű֣Ǿˡ
˰֣վȰ÷̴ȥɡ
⻰÷㶣ԱһֱŲ˵ͻȻӣһƿȥܰ
÷͵طӦܱ͹ٸ˹ٸ˲ֽط⴫׮׮㹻նֵġ
÷˾ȥܿܿһȥץס÷÷һ߿ܿܿ˲ƿ˴ųȥ˾˼æ׷ȥŮ׷Ūüɹ
ʱ洫յ֮˾˼סץʱӡ졢ܿܿһѹϣ߽һǰȥѹ̵ˣ̷ǰһץס֣Ѹ̧ۿԱӡƼû˲
ӡƺЩߣӲ˵㱻ֵͷۣˣͻػݰɡ
˵ţվͬӡԸ˼䣬˳ȥ
˾˼һæ߳ȥ
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Цףʱôû뵽أôû뵽ǹúòãû뵽᲻Ұǵɡơһ̿ʼ¾עˣҡ
ôأ˾˼̧סļ磬˵㣬ô࣬˲̫Ը
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⻰Цˡ̧֣˾˼ƿ򴽵˵˵ʲô
˵꣬ʹһٵ˴˿
͹˾˼㶣ͬʱعͷȥͿҶһˣתǴ˳
ҶմȾѪɫ԰ף˾˼Ƭ̣æҶô㵱Ϣա
ˡҶһְֻ˿ڣٵ·ľӣҹϹҹ̸֪ͨ㡣
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һǧҪôϣʱ̣ҲҶʣԸҶȥ֮󣬱תȥŸĵطŮ죬ʼдΧԮֽһһŸȥ
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⻰ݺһϽס죬ʾ˵ˡҶ룬ͷãͬһȥ
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ҪĹԱڳ¥֮У㱻ţҶ·ȥ
ߵ¥ʱ̲ס˶ٽŲԶǴУͣ½ŲܸоԽԵ𶯡¥棬һǧɹ˾˼ǰûϹսʿƺЩ£𶯽겻˾˼ɫףһѳǹֻһӰ
˴ȭͷһȥԴĳ嶯
¶ףôܲ׵ĳ̶ȣһǧ˾͸ȡʱ䣬ȡʲôʱ䣿ȡöԷѹһɥ־𣿣
ƣֱǻ
ﲻ⼫ˣȴԾԸϰȥﲻ˹˾˼˾˼ԸģæȻ˾˼Ҷ£ͰæҶ¡
ߵſڣһͬҶһͽȥҲڣô˵ô˵
תͷͬҼŵùʿѻΧ
˵֮°ͣͬҶȥɡ
Ҷһ㣬ûĻ£򶨣˼ִҷ緶Ĵݣһ˶ø侲ࡣ
Ҷɵȣƺҵһɽһ㣬߽ȥ¶Ҷ˶üͷ
Ҷǰһһλӹ²ҪȨıְ̬ҪһЭŴһȥˣұ֪бĿܷÿʿҪ٣ÿҪ١
ҶӣЦ²˴˵Ļֻ˵ҶӱϾûҶӶһ֪ʱ̣ͻȻҶӲ֣ǻ˾顣
һɢɳͲˣһԳڣɫ䣬̧ۿҲΪ˸Ҷӳͷ£ֻʵʵ˵ˡҶӻ̫ᣬҲǳ忼ǣΪѡ
˽Ҷӵˡ
ԱͻȻڣ̧ۿȥ㶣æվˡ
Ϊծ¶ƽպλٽҲ֪ΪˣЦ˿ڲ裺λҼɾʱ˿̰ռݽҶӣûɵġλݣһֱ֪ҶݵҶģ۹£ս֡뷶Ī֮常Ϊϱ߾Ľҿ֪ʮһսǧһս
⵹üͷʲôϵ
һսǳλҶӵֱʡ̧֣ȫǳ羴Ҷ㶣ſڣҪ粵ȴʱ򿪿ڡ
վͬ˵Ҷʦʿѧʮͬ常սϣݹȦ˲֪˲λСֻǼһֱ䣬ϣͨƾˣսȴŷǷ츳»´ʦ˵˰ת֮š
¡»ʦȻ˵
Ⱥз֣صͷҶֳĬ˿ѾҡδһôĲѣģҪʮǧ˿̻վʲôţ
˵ֻһΪ˹˾˼ֵܲžɽĸˡ
ò࣬ڵ˵ʵڻͷ˴˽βܽ˭Ҷϡǲϣغ˳ӦҪǳκ£˭Σ
ɨˣɲƽʱսʱҪɱͷġ
⻰˰ˣŲ豭һڣվг
˵ЩųʵĽߣ֮˵ϣһ׵ĻͱҰѻ˵ˡ
˵ţһݣսʱǵƬ̶˭ϧ˵ͱֱȡһΣ㽫͵ؿϣŭ˴ίҶӼһУ˭Υ
˶˵ˡ
Ѿǵһжˡ
ҶûûһѾͷһʿֳһս۳Ǻȥϸ롣
Ҷ˹ͣɹͺΣ棬ͣеĺ
еˡ
£ôûʲôȴǴġ
ҴҲˣǽǸ˵һ֣ɱˡ
ݳ˼Цѵǡ
˵ţҶֵҶӣ
⻰Ҷ˶˿
ʱ洫ٵս֮ϽҶڳ¥ϣڿԿϵӰˣǻŵͳìŴӳŹ˾˼Ϯ
ץԸӣа
¥֮£ľףųìŶѹѹȺʿˮӣ㡭а𣿡
˾˼üǰ侲ش𣺡ûС
ľϵˡ
һսĳѡŹ˾˼ǡǲʲô˵֮ߡ
˾˼ͷڿǡ
ʲôأľǿ΢Ц˾˼ǰӳɳ¶ˣõֻ룬ҪҪǡ
ľϵЦݽϡ
ǣ
ԷôѹѹһƬСһǧ˱ǣòѸٲ̲л
ǡľǣľԾɻһ˿ϣȻһ̣˾˼ȻЦſھʹµˣ


78 
һȳ˶ˡ
ľֻʣһˡ, վڳ¥֮, ץ, ʲô
¥֮, һ꣬ľȴǳھĵָԶԶͣ£͹˾˼Ƭ̺ʿ׷ÿһ˼ǰ, ȥʮͷ, ս, Ʋ, վȺк͹˾˼ңң, ǰ·Ӻˣ
, ˾˼
˾˼Ҳ, ػ
Էͬ˾˼´Ƭ, ˵ͷסˡ
˵ţ̧ۣɨһ۹˾˼ŵ, ЦʹôͬҶսۿˣʮ̤ƽƽ, ҽ㲻ҪԿͶҿһ·
ҳӣ˾˼ޡһҲ˵һ·ԸԸģ˴˸仨ˮԿӸԸһ·˵һ·ܲһ㣬·ɳ̫ϹǵۣǺӵˮǵӣһȺıĹͳ͢˵Ҫ·
㣡ŭǰһԱһӸϽסСүŭСڼ
⻰˶ٶ˾˼ͣסƺһ㣬Ͻô˵˵ѽĬ˰ɣӶһ·װɣǶһݣǷҲǸˣаŸ
⻰Ҳɧˣǰȴǿʼˣ
Ƣʿ̲סŭȳʼŹ˾˼С˵˵ʲôأ
С˵˵ͷͲ˵ˣ
˾˼ֱȥ˭˭һʱһͬ˶˳һƬ
˾˼ﲻ֣ȴǱȶøǶŵʱ䣬ҶҲɣϽͬ˶Ժʣµݡ
һһʿ֮ǰһҪսûüȫ˳ڡȻ٣㡣
Ҷ̷ͷȥЩóȥȻ˰Ұȫ˳ȶϣȻһϱǧˣһǧˣǧȰźв
Ҷæŵʱ򣬹˾˼ӳ³һƬľ˻½½ںţߵ˹۲Ź˾˼ͬүһѵ֪Ϣȴֻôˣƣթ
⻰ĬƬ̣Щ̧ͷ˿ںִŵĹ˾˼ѵΣǶǹɣ
ӳţһһԡ
⻰תͷ̧ſһ֡
Ķ˾˼֪ҪˣңŤͷѸͬľ˵һ˵ˣˣ
ľ£ͿпͻȻʼӶ죬Ӿų˾˼һҧǰȥڳ¥Ͽţ˸εѣôˣһһڣҲ㹻˾˼ˣ
Ź˾˼ǰȥ÷ɿ죬ҳԼʧֻ̬ܲϺԼ˵


񵱳ݺģȥÿһΣ
Ź˾˼᳤ǹǧ۶ȥɱ
һǧҲǱ۾ǰ壬˾˼죬ǰȥǹһӣųս˾˼ͻȻһӮˣܣ
պ꣬ҾͿ˾˼תͷһ·ųſ񱼶ȥһ汼һ溰쿪ţ
ʵڵŹ˾˼ܡûǰȥĵתͷǳس壬ǰĶȽϺõģҲսתͷܡ
ľӰﱼϮƣ׷Ϲ˾˼һǧˣǴҾֻսȺȥ磬ǰһ뻹ںš塱һóļƿ޵ﺰšܾܿӻ˳ǡ
һٶסҲ˳¥ϵˣȷӦ̼ٵţ쿪
һǣкǽΧţǽɻΣŽŵĳǽǻǺӣҪϱĳ£źܹˡ
˾˼ųһ·񱼣ûܵɵЩЦã˾˼ոյǺӣǡǡ£˾˼˽ȥսǳأ̷ͳų¥Ͽȥ
嵽¥ϣ¥ոɲʿŸϵȫʱ̴Ҷս֣ŵȭͷ˾˼ϳ¥𶯣
˶ˣ̲סˣ˿̲ǾŲԶˡ
䡣˾˼ս侲ٵȵȡ
˾ǳؽԽԽʿϻ˾˼˶ҶȻҿΧʿȴ̲ס֡Ҷľ룬̲סѵ˼ֻˡ
һ
˾˼÷ɿ죬ȴǵǰ
̲סˣæһſʼ̫ˣ
ȻҲһ˲䣬ľӪͻȻ˺Ž֮
˶ˣʿȴͣˡ˱Ŀյһʿ˳ǳأ˾˼̧֣սسš
ŻϣӶų¥ϵĹ˾˼˾˼¶ıôҽˣб͹ǰҳûʲôˣЩУϽ㲻ӣҪǲǣӳǳԶ㣡Ӳͷӿ̫һ٣˾˼˵ӣ
˾˼ڳ¥㵸ŵȥȻȴΪʼסȥ⿪ʼΧǰӪկ׼
˾˼˿ڳ¥ôˣô
ˣ˾˼ͻȻһ㣬˼ֱֱȥ
ϽһѷסȴֱӴŹȥһ׶ʮöģ㱻Ŀ¹ȥǽľЦˡ
㿴ûûЦ·ŭһӿ̲ס־͡žһƳ˹ȥ
˾˼һƳ㶣ҪСͿžžһˣ޺ŵ⻢ӣôô
˾˼Ӧˣ˶ΧǣǵЩЦáҲ֪˿ƽЩׯȥֻǷôڵϱôΧűſޣһƤҲЩסͬȡЦĿˡ
һıС㣬û¶ɡ
һڣеɳơôãɤй
æ̧ͷʶܱ˶࣬ʲôûӹ˾˼ֲᡣ
˾˼Ҷվȥ˱ˮ˾˼ɤӣͬ˵ҸȽɡ
һŹ˾˼һ˻ã˾˼ͬԱҶͬ˵˵ʲôɡ
ҶͷݺͲ˵һߣ˾˼˵ͷԱ˾˼ɫȣЩżˣô죿
ţ˾˼ɳƵѾ뾡취Ԯ˻ɱԮڴ֮ǰǾǺš
ǣǺö˰
һСڣ˾˼̧ۿȥĬƬ̺ڵ㻹𣿡
ǰɡ
˿ڵͶ
ַ壬һ˵⻰ƽҲֵܣұ㣬˾˼ɫƽɳƣȴ˼ƽȫȻûеУҾ˵ˣӴ˿̿ʼ˵ͶǶ֣˭ϳȥնˣ
⻰һɫһݣ˾˼Ա˲裬һڣǲҪԹңҲΪҺáǿҪˣΪʲôôԶǱ˴ûֲģͶͷٴĶһģȫǳŵ
˵ţ˾˼̧ͷɨһˣûѡͶȷ˻ͷһܲǣҲΨһľǰĶŷ˾Ԯ
ô࡭
ЩǣǷ̫ңزסô죿
ġ˾˼ȵȻ˶࣬һǰܾעһĲȣǧʿƣõĹʱǷţǳɲǰѾˣٴιǾˡң˾˼ӵҲܸҪٴιǵʱϡ
˵˼ǣЩã˾˼ĥŵǿ֪ս˭
ıʿҶڻش𣬡˵˽ƻˣǶı
󰡡˾˼ЦЦƻһӦȵں棬Ǵʿһ𹥳ǡɣ˾˼ӵȥ¥Ĺﶼгҹڳ¥ȥ㾣СȻҹÿʱһսġ
˾˼ǲöԷ˯ˡǳ;Ϯô֣˭˯ţ
˾˼˷Ըһ֮£ŴҵʵҲ̫ǣҲǸģҹˣԼЦǷģǸֽϻǲƣ˻ǵġ
仰ƽƽţȴ
ȼϣȥ顣
˶֮Ҷԥһ£ȴʲôûʣת뿪
˾˼Ҷ뿪ЦЩɻ󿴹ȥ̲סЦʲô
˾˼ҡҡͷվһ·ȥ
˵ͷ˾˼ת棬սףƬֻ̺ԼƽʱǼɫٷźã˳ͬˡ
˾˼˵ǰȥס֣ͷЩãȻ̧ͷ˾˼͵ЦСŵˣ
û˵˾˼˼ˣֱסЦŵҲԣԺôˡ
Բ𡣡Ƴûƺã㡣
˾˼ЦЦ֪̫ˡôҲԣҸͬ˵ǡ
˵ţ˾˼֣Цߣؼҡ
һؼůģо춼º
֣ںҹһȥ
űǳһɱ֮ȻˣȴһƬ
ȷ֣ˣ;ûʲô߲ȥ
ɽΪʲôȴҲģ䱦
֣֪ڽս֮ϣʶʧȥһ̣ģֵ̿ĳ̶ȡ
·ϣȵ˼󣬽ţ˾˼ȥϴ˸ˮ裬·̴ıӰᱬо̿˵¶ȣŷǡô㡣
һжǡô˾˼֪ݡǡôҪѶ˼ô¶ȲźʣʲôζǡⶼҪ˼Ķɺľ㶼һġǸ¹úܺõ
˹ǻӣǹӡ
̺ô˾˼ϴˣعͷӭ˹˾˼Ŀ⣬㶣򴽣Щ˼㿴ʲô
ûʲô˾˼ЦҾǰ˵һ仰Сʱͬ˵ȢһŮˣᷢⱲúáȥҲţȴˡ
˵ţ˾˼֣ͬ
߹ȥ˾˼һѽԼϣֱϣº͵㣬ڣҾ;ʲô¶ȥġ
˵ˣЦˣֲǻ
㣬˾˼ͷʵҺ¡
㶣˾˼ƭǵġ˲ܿԮҪڴ¶󣬲Żͷǡ
⻰ˣҶҲҾţ˺þãСգǰ𣿡
Ȼôأ
˾˼ƽȣͶҲǡֻҧһ·֮һҪȡݣҪͱȡ
㲻⣬˾˼ƽһֱӣ໻ԭ֮áһҪռݣݶɽ𣬳ӣ벻ˡ
û˵˾˼ܶݲơ
֪
ǳţûа취
ס
Ҳ֪ܲصס˾˼̲סս֣Ҫزסˣô죿ô죿
£ڣҪزסһᵶء
˾˼⻰ЩãȻ̧ͷתͷֻסӣЦŵʱɱһ˲ɱ׬Ȫ·һһҲûʲôµģԲԣ
˾˼û˵㣬ƺ˵Ļȴȫ˵ġ
һ֪ѪԣȴﵨǱĴöࡣ
һָ̧
İɣһġ
Ҽ㻹û׸˾˼ЦôҪĶûõȥ̸ʲôɱһ˲ɱ׬İɣסһ㣬ֳƴҲǽǡ


79 
˽һ죬Щ, ˾˼ȥϢ, ϴ֮, Ҳص˴, ڹ˾˼ͻȻΪҶ¶Ÿ𣿡
ЩԱ˾˼ۣƽɵúõĶˣʣЩͨԱ, ֳǳŲס, ǹ, ʱǰ΢ܴ, ǾȫͶ, ǽ, ֮, ͵Ϊ, Ӳ˵ġ
˾˼˵ţƽҶҶ֪֪ףıºƷ, 齻ǰսܣҲ᲻ϧһдسǡҶس, Ҷǰ常ʶǸˣ£ֻ֪б˽ҵķͰ̫ࡣܷܲڣ𣿡
˾˼ᵽԼЩΣ㾹Ҷƽȥˣ
ƣ˾˼̾˿˽⡣
ŲЦˣŵôǣǻ˱
һ԰ˡ
˾˼۾ƽ͵ʱڸû׼ֱӹǣǳرɡţôעһȫ±ȻĻ̻̣֮ҹȥǰΪǰϢġȻǣżװսܣ׷ʱ¿ҪżȫҪǵģһϷẦ£Ϊ͵Ϣǣֻûо飬Ϸݵ̫䣬ǿ˻ᡣ
ţ׽Ϊһ˱ˡ
˾˼Ϸγ̽ʱʾ֮⣬ܾͻᶨĴֻǹ˾˼ֵһضδż˱
һעĻᣬҪõʧ̫أ˾˼ЩʱûеֿסͱϵĻᣬˮһˡȡ²ɣھڵȴѵĽʱʱˣǾͻᶯ֡
˵ţ˾˼̧ۣıǿЦ¡
Ҳ¡Ͽڣס˾˼Ź˾˼º߹ˣߣһ㶼¡
˾˼㶣򴽣ʲôû˵̾˿ֱס㡣
Ƿһ񡣡
ڣЩԻ¶ˣٳһס
Щ죬͵Ӧһûж˵
Ҫиͷġ
˯žʱ¥֮ȴַǷǵĹﶼ˳¥ȥžСڳ¥ϻЦǳлųʿʿһЩ˯ţҹվڳ¥ϣɴ˯ˡ
ǶѾս꣬⼸£һ·æоûнŮɫ˿̿ų¥ϵŮǣһЩӴ̲סǰ࣬Ϊ˿øЩ
żӣԶŮˣſڱϣһʱЩ˲ɵãȻ
һ·ߵΪʲôأ
ϼѾ֪ݣֱΧǧǣ¹ǰ·ںηأ
˾˼Ļʿ֣︡ҲǵһĻȴͷһαô㣬ҳӣҲ壬¹֮գҴٸټͣٹ֮
һ˵˽ôŴңĳ̶أ
ôһϣȵʱгٲŷʿ͵͵ȥץ˻ն˼˺ͣ
ȻնǼȴĴ̣Ϊȴֻǿͱն׼
з߷ߣҹҲδϢãĲӻɢɢĲȣЩ
˾˼Ϣú˰һϺɫůĴ׺ãͷڣů¯ͬľϷԸȥЩر˵Ů٣С
Ҫʲôȥ
ЦŴӷת˾˼Ĵ硣
Ưôɫӣɫë׵ĺһƯоͶ˼У˼ֿɰĸо
ȴǲãֻӢм˼ֺɫǸʵĸĸٹ˾˼
˾˼ЦЦȥ¥ϿȥǴ̡
һڹ˾˼˵ͬϷһ㣬ôüſڣȴڴ̣̾˿ǰȥͺãְɤˡ
˾˼⻰Цˣڰֵİɣδ˰ء
˾˼꣬߳ȥȥҶͬҶʼĿ棬аա
⣬аţҶóв¥ȫѴ֧ͣ˵ʱ˵ðղҪš
˾˼˳¥ʱ򣬿һվţ˶ǳܵĺ֣˾˼սսģ˾˼ů¯Ƣº͵ǲҪţվڳ¥һǣ˱ǵģ˾ͿͣǿǵĲܳԷء
˾˼Ļ͵͵λƢܺõĴˣ˾˼˵ݺһ£һΣʵڷɢԷľġ
Ҫ֪ǸʲôʲôǸʲô³
׹˾˼ݣҪô˾˼ͷվϳ¥ȥ㿪ʼΪβǰǲ飬Щ¶ЩʿʲôΪҲ֪޷ǾȡΪϱٷԭĴ㣬Ϊ˶֪𣿱Ҵ٣껥๲Աڳ֮⣬ݻĻλǾҴٰպǧ갲ΣĻλɥȨɥĲѹ֮£Ҳĳ
˾˼ſڽ˵ó׵ף˽ȥһѰסżүǰѾˣ˿̶֣ǳ嶯˰
㿴˵Щʲôŭ˵Ҫοңôȥ̻򲻴ˣ
ү԰꣬ЦЦ̶ѣүضŭȥˡ
⻰侲Щ˵ͷȥ
ӦȥӾӪ˳ȥߵ¥£˵䣬ȵ֪ߵغĻС˵˵ЩʲôǰͳѪ˹⸴ɽ𢡢˳Ӧʱ֮٣ȴҳӣߵǷǺڰףүȡΪǽɽգ
˾˼Ц㵽˵˵ϼҾݱ֪ȡ£ֱΧȲֲȡݣƫƫݣΪĲݳ뱱ʲôĪǻΪôЩں֮ڣ´ƣԳһɣȡݲͣʱǱÿﶬַܱҪַ㵽Ǻ˵˵˵⣬Ƿϴʲô
үʲôֵõܣЦӵܣŶеĴżٵ˸Ϊݣû֪ݵİ߰Ӽˣʮ˻ֻᶷǮĻɫǷˣ˵Ļǻţ
⻰ľϵŭˣǰҪȣͱ˾˼һץס֣˾˼ЦλӾ˵ùˣҺʶǰʲô֪ˣҹ˾˼Сƾÿʱ˹ϵģ˭֪վҲҹ˾˼ڷկ֮õôһ仰ܰ˵ɸҷˣ
ǲǾҷ֪𣿡ޱ顣
ʵҲ͹˾˼Щֻǹ˾˼˵Щȷ̫ҡģ˾˼˵Ҳȷʵ˾˼ǸɵĻãƫƫռҲı䲻ʵԣ˾˼εϵĹЩĵĻ
˾˼Ҳ֪˼ֻҲʱ䣬һһ졣
˻࿼⣬˾˼伫ãֿ죬ʱڿ飬Ǻ࿼һ磬Ȼ˫˫ԷѵȵҹɤӶˣͣ¡
صӪ֮ٵˣٵȥСӻкУҹú˯һգǾ͹ǣ
˵ͷһ죬Ҳй˾˼ǸͨҴʱ˵ȷˡ
˾˼ӳ¥㼱ȥҶ
Ҷ˾˼Ͻȥ˾˼ɤӵ׼һ£ϣҪ˳ͻϮ
ͻϮ
ҶˣǾ䡰ˡѿڶȴ뵽֮ǰ˾£ѹȰ˼ǻǺúسǣҪðղźá
ջṥǡ˾˼ɳƵǲз͵ϮǣĴң͵Ϯǻ˱
˾˼̧ۿҶȻӹǣԼͻȱˡ
Ҷ㶣Ƭ̺׹˾˼˼Ǳƫ棬ﻹӮĻ᣿
ҶĬƬ̣ڵȥ׼
˵꣬Ҷת뿪
˾˼ؼ˷ͬ
ߵʱһֱ㣬ָףƺһһ֪ȫȻɾִΪʣװҲʮӢ
˾˼濴ţɫƽͷϵ˻С嶯
֪
˾˼Цأú˯һһоͺˡŶҹսҲ£Żġ
šͷŹ˾˼ţſڣʼ΢Цɫ򶨣˾˼Ϊû뿪ʱûͷ
عͷͻῴȻʧȥЦݺͻȻ˵ļԱӡһѷס㣬Сˣ
û¶˰֣Ƭ̺ôɨҽҹȥá
˶һ¶Ϊʱֻܽϣ
ʵ̫˽˾˼ˣ˾˼ģ֪д˵ȻҲȥʣҲµõ飬޷ǾǴսѡ
ģ㲻ʣɨ˷ãԼ򵽷ǰ
𣬿һȴȻŮıӺǸƽƽ
˾˼˳¥Ը˽ҹļƻȻȥ˯
ߣҲ˵ڶս׼˺úϢֻǵҹ˲˯Ѻ󲻾ãս֮
ϮϮ
ľͻȻ˴˯оѣӪкȴֻҰããһƬûӰ
ֻ֣ȥ˯ˡ
ֹһʱҷ˯ѣִս
λľָϽҳȴѾûӰǳ׻ˣɴ಻˯ˣڳſ£ȻƬ̺һȺ˽ûᣬˡ˯£ʿЩݵıӣҲֻЩ
´ٺҲǣ
һȺ˷߷ţ˯ˡ
ʱѾ˺ҹʱ򣬻ݺԺĲ÷һһҧϰŵӡ
ѾѪûͣ¡Ǯʮáϻα˾˼ץˣҲǹ˾˼ûʱ󣬿ɵˣǮһܲˡ
һҧӣǮһ⿪̾ʹԱ˸룬ƴϵӣȻ͵͵š
ʱҶ˯ˣⰲ̺Ǯ͵͵Ƴ˻ݣȻͳųŵķһ·񱼡
ǷսˣսҪ̣ˣͻῪţ
ΨһĻᣬսգȴҲΨһ뿪Ļᡣ
ܵŲԶųſʿǲ¶棬͵͵š
÷ǮţЩ䣬÷ɳƵǮǮׯǰɣ
ԣǮǳȥݣǮȡ취뺣ӴԺ
÷Щƣû˵ǮĻΨһͷͺ̨ϣųٿ
ʵҲ֪᲻ٿǲҲ֪ȥĶǵãʱսһ
һս֮Ż򿪣ʿŵһ·˹ȥ
ǶСΣûκ
ľٴαкҶŲŲ϶һϷˣ
Ǿǲ˯˿ڣôôһδмˣ
˶ô룬һμԵøѡȻҲڼӵʱ򣬵ͻȻ
һδڲˣȻǷӦʱȴͼѹѹһƬųǻӿ
ҹһпȲ֪ԷжˣҲ֪ԷʲôֻźĴӴܡ
ʮ˵Ĵһʱ䲻ϱɢȥŸոմĵֿû֯ɢȥ
˾˼ʤ׷Щ˻ҵʱһ·ɱȥ
ѪȾ۾ܱ߶ǵ⽣ӰȴԼһ㶼¡
ųǹս۳ҡ
ھ֮û˯һֱ˼ţԥš
һҪȡ
ݵݸȡȻõġҪʲôǳǡֻҪõǣҪҪô
ƴԼŲȥɣȫȻΪʲô
ֻǾ̫׽͸ǰֻܺˡ
ԥСүǾ³
̾˿䲻ˡ
⻰ĬƬ̣˵ͷƽףֻүѾһˣĸ𣿡
򴽲ôܸĵأһڵԡ
˵꣬һȣһ˼ǹֱӳУֱ
ܱ߻ҳһƬסȵˣ£
ܱңŹ˾˼ʿ⡣˼ƻӳ֮ȫǿɱվӪһʱֲԷжˣֻԼ˾˼˰ΧסˣһжڵϦ˶ܣûģһʱҲǣȵߣߣ
÷ɿ죬ں棬ֱ֪˵ˡ
ֻܸţһźܶˣ֪Ҫôܲ׼ǲҪˣȥһط
û˵ò׵
溰ɱ죬˾˼׷ǣƺһҪǵƽϢⳡս
һһ׷÷ǮŻңĴһʿ󣬱ŶԷ뺴æӳ˳š
˳ţŷֵǿɱѪǾʧսŲ³ʲô¡
һҹȥ˾˼˳˵ܳԶ˾˼׷ˣŻ˿عͷȥִԼһ˻
ҰˣﰲЩӪկ˾˼˻صǣһǣͿ˶ 
ƺȴûʲôôʡֻϣ˾˼ЦЦͬ˵İɣˡ
˵ţ³ǹͬƽ͵ʲôʲôɣ𵢸ˡ
ҵͷӦļȴǵס˶֪һսˣӭģһʮĺ
Ҷ֯ŴҽԱ̧ȥ˾˼ɨһԱ̾˿ˣٻǻ֪ô졣
ҶͷӦá
ʱ÷ǮǰߣǮͻȻסӣСǲӪկ
÷㶣Ƭ̺һƮŵġִ죬˵ͷǮҧҧȴǵã÷ңȥȥ
㡭Ҫʲô÷Щ£Ǯ֣º͵ģȥҪԵģͻġ
÷ţȻǮȴ־ȫû˼÷뷨һ·ķ񱼹ȥͬر죬кҪϢҪټһСˣ
ǲ˵ģȻǮǴӳӳģ˴
Ǯס飬ߵ̧֮ͷͬ£С˴˴ιΪүǡ
η֣
үŲ֪ж˰ɣ
⻰Ȼ̧ͷǮһЦɣ֪಻٣պһ򡣡


80 
⻰ˣʶܣ
ֻһ, ˾˼, ׷ɱ
ʮ, ˭˾˼ĵӣ
, Ȼƭŭν¾ҪնǮһס侲˵˵
ס, һ, ҧҧ, ˶ȥ, ǮӪ
Ǯľٶŵ, Ų˵, ǰȥ, º͵λ׳ʿغ, үǿˣֻҪ˵ʵүɱ, ؽʹ͸㣬ʱŮڻ£ܹ, 㻹׹߹ٺ»ǰүġ
Ǯ⻰侲
·Ӫأ뵽뵽˾˼ʹ⡣
͸©Ϣܹ˾˼ܵõһǮֶΪأ
ǮЩ̵үʵаԣǾú
Ӳ˵ͷζţֻһˡֻһˣԼǱëͷСˣˣ
һδڵ꣬ˣת⴫ȥ˳Ц
Щûж˵ǮϸϸѯǮʵʵԼ͹˾˼ìǰ˵ˣŷЩЩɻǾ͹˾˼ìܣϾĹΪԼ𣿡
ˣǮЦЦˣˡ
ԭˡͷŹ˼һݶģҲˣ˾˼ȴ˶㣬ʵá
ǰǮһ˵ҧгݣŮ˶Թ˼ҲǾľҲһ·ݣΪ˲¶ûйҲпͣû뵽ǾȻԴǡүǮתͷͬС˱ĽүͶүܹӼСӵĸСԸΪүţүȫ
˵ţǮ͹ͬߵסƨĵû̹ЦЦˣ֪ѳľͬ˵˵
Ǯæڣ֪޲޲˵ˡԽüͷԽ壬û
˾˼ûǰ֪ʲôϢںúһΣϴΣκһֻҪðһЩܽУƫûУ
һʱЩԹȴֲ֪ĹͷԹ£л޴йǮмֵϢ˵꣬ȥһЩûõ¶֮˻֣ͷȥ
ã֪ĲһֻΪ֪ҪһͲҲû˵
Ǯ˳ͻȻıʣǮ˶Щ£ٳʲôʲô
ʲô꿪ڣֱͽָ𾴣ϳȥˣ
⻰ǮʱɫͱˣæŵүүҪС˻ãҪСˡ
ЦһǮʿԶҽг̶û
Ƭ̺洫Ů˵Ŀ̧ͷ˭ڿޣ
ү԰꣬ȥ
վߵȥͿ÷ڵϣǮʬ庿ޡ
˭
һԱߵʿʿС˵˵ϱղˡ
ţüͷ´÷һֵ̧ۣһնˣү
˵꣬תͷȥصӪ֮УʱҲˡô£
ǮӣѾɾˡ
˵ͷ벻⣬Ƭ̺ڵҾǿԻȥ
͵仰ƽ˵Ļ٣ҲãԻȥ
ԭȲ֪ʵηηֻ֪һˣ񣬵ȥ飬ɱ˻ȥ
ʣһˣĹˣû֮ǰ˾˼ĻĸţҲٻ˭Ͷ˭ͶҪܵľˣʣ²ûɵģǾӷ
ǿһһ˵ĳǳأϽҲѹ
֪˾˼ȻΪѾ뿪óȻͷǴ˾˼һֲʤؼ
һ·ӱޣ˾ɱ˻ȥ
ʱھжϢԱʬ壬죬ľӶôһ
˾˼Ҳ˼ϴˮ裬·ͬһ緹
ƽƽüΪˣ㶼˺üˣ˾˼Ļϲɵõôˣǲǵһˣ
ûС
æ˯һϣ˵ʤˡ
˾˼ſڣ˵ʲôȴȥ
ʵ˵ˣڷùһϡ
֪ģԼסƭģסʲô
ЦЦµĺۿ˲˷ͷһδʤ̣ͻȻãȻˡ
ãȻʲô
Щ֣˾˼ƺΪǳģͲ֪ԺýҴ˺ãǽҽãŽд˽
˴֪˵Ц
룬˾˼ǽзãʡʱʡ˸ֺۣ
ЦҪ˵ʲô˾͸оԵ涯
Ƭ̺ľϳãӣɱˣ
˾˼Ȼףֱȥ
㿴˾˼żæˣ׺ů¯ȥ
˾˼嵽¥£ԶͿҶָϳǽ˾˼ͣˣ
ȥҶͬ˴Ͱȥ찡
˾˼󲽿̨ף˳¥ͿԶֱƶûκԥһ·˾˼յ¥ӾͲ̣˾˼ȳż
ܼ£˾˼ǰʿʮа˾ű˴⬣ԾһЩһߵڼǰ̣һǰӿʿϽкţ壡նǳͰɱһһ
һ㣬飬ǰ¥֮ϵҲƴ
˾˼һУųɶڳǽϣһõڶŸϣһŵĩβȥڶõŸϣֵĩβȥ
¥µ˷·ȫһ㣬ǵ嵹սϣѪȾء
ÿǰƽһɶʬ̾͵ĵ·ǻǰ
Ǻ⣬һһ׹ںɱʼղڶ
˾˼սļƣ΢΢
뷽ŽȻͬһսһˣС潻սһʤ׷һֻʶӣһϾɱһ֪ϧ
Ȼ˿ȴһ˶ƴһأݽĲֻʸУڹ˾˼ͷ
ͣ£ͣ֡
Ϊʲôأ
ΪʲôҪΪʲôҪսΪʲôԼҪΪ˱˵Ľɽ˵Ȩƣˣ
ǳ߰նһͷһ
һֵֻһ
ѪȾ͵Ĳֻʴӣܶ룬ֻ֪סǣǽ棬ǰգĸĸǡ㡣
ݸԺ˲䣬ǺѾƮʬ塣Щطʬѻס˺ȵʿʬ嵽¥֮£ݼ
ݶһ㶼ѾʿֻҪݽӴǽЩʿͻɱҲ˲䣬˱̳
˾˼ʿϲֻҪݴһЩߵʿͳȥŰѶԷȥȻŻȥ
ͻţó¥֮ճһƬҽ˷˾˼ڳ¥ϵŻͣżմȾ˸ոϳ¥Ѫ˶ڲ
ǿƹǴϣݹǣصĵطǳǽǴײȥײš
ײսص󣬴ӽ̷Χ￪ʼ˾˼ľ˲ɱսˣսսжþٲά裬ÿŲһڻȻҹΪҰѣײڻ˳ſڡ
һײŵʱ˾˼֪ãæ¥´
¥СţֻݵһͨУС֮󣬴Լɿ⣬š˾˼˽ſ죬ŴȥֻĳһƣֱⲫСŴսǽסԷĽ
ײŵʱűعͷȥֵʲô
ײˡ
ӡҲЩ£⻰ҧҧĿܿܿУͬܿܿȥ
˵ţͳ˳ȥ
һ·ţ¥ʿѾҳһƬ˳¥˾˼ŵɱСѪ֮䣬˶ڲԼŬɨһۣ㷢ܱԱڲӣȻԱ˺³¥
̫ˡ
ףϸһϽ˳¥һ·ܻȥһһ·Ͻֵţλ׸ϣѣҳæ
ĴŴţһʼûм˿ţŵһҿţԽԽ˿ţ߳
㴭Ŵ߳ˣ϶ãȻɨһΧλ⣬ƾ˴˺ʿסǵģҿλϳ¥ΪʿǲŮȥ˻
⻰Щɣʲô
սǱϾǻ飬ҧҧ̲סΪžû𣿣ˣƳǣŲŽ£һˣ
⡭Ҳһɡ
С˴ǽˡ
ҲǣΪʲôҪҪǮƣҪŮˣרðյһʾ𣿣
ûⱻӶĳǲ֪򶫶ʱ˶ٳǣôǻΪԼƽƽǵΣ
ĻԥˣͷУף˲Ϊ𡣡
˵ţӻ͵سƱȳǻǮǣϳ¥ȥϳ¥ЩʿΪ˻ôɷΪ˻ôƴ𵶣նɱһһӣ̧˻ÿʮģȥȥ
ȥ
ȺһͻȻվϰ壬Ҳ˵ǮǮģһţⶼӦģظǮˣͰǮӺɡ
ˣһúðǣ֤һʳǡ
ϿڣԱһ̫ſųҪսա
Ǵ̫ŵ֣ƽȥҵ޶ġ
Ҳȥ
Ǵ󺺻˵꣬վԱߵŮӾߵĺӽ̧̫̫ۿԱߴ󺺵ˣҲ̧
ЦЦ˿ͷܱԽԽӦվ
㿴ǣͷ˵ʲôо;ĪӿͷɬںһŴҾϹлλ
ϰ˵Цˣ˵ⱾҲǵǣ͹˴ΪģǶء
ţ̲סЦˣͻȻãһжֵõġ
һǴ󺺵鷳ǰҰȥˣ֯ŮֳɶӣŮӻģҲһȥȥȫ¥ȥһűŸҡ
˵ܻ꣬ر⣬ӡбȫȥ˳¥򣬶ִҩġһڳ¥Զӡ
ָ£ԼҪĶŮǴϰɫĲȹϾҩģ̧ŵܡǺͱȽǿ׳Ů˴ϼ򵥵ף˱
һвʱͽʱСڱƣ˾˼Ͻһǧȥǽϵǹûͣ˾˼ѣ˾˼շȥҶͳż˼˲ˡ
ʲô˲ˣ
˾˼һʿһ߷ȥҶٵ涼ڱΧǧسǣʣǧ˶ڶǣѾǧԱŴһǧ¥ǧǸû̧Ա
˼
˵꣬˾˼ĺҶͬʱͷͿˣŵվϣŮѾ̧ŵ˳¥Ȼ̧Աӡָȥ
˾˼Ҷ㶣ַǰ΢Цŵֲʹųİæˡ
Ī£ͣݴҡ֦жʮգǶڡ
⻰ǹ˾˼ҶԱĽʿ˲ӯ
á
˾˼ɳƳ㣬¹µĹõôֲʵ
ͻȻԼһ̫ˡ
ˡ
̲סЦ
Ҳ¡
ʮգ㡣
ǧ¡
յļ룬˲仺ϵơ
ȻЩնûܹרҵѵʿŰգųźͳǽƣȻûľǰһ
һһ˾˼һųǽһų¥Ҷ󷽣ָӣ֤޶ȵľԱ󽵵ʺ˲ʡ
һʼĻֲ̿𽥱˶־
ǲ䡣
һ̣˶ţֻҪ˾˼ڣֻҪڣƣ䡣
ɱɱ
֯峿
̫ԶԶ˵ز
ȷֵģæͬүдˣ
ôܣ
˼ȻҲһ̣Զɽͷܡִҡ
˾˼վڳ¥Ǹܡ֣̲סǡ
ǰߴŸĽСˣȥƺǸŮ
ɱſ񱼶Ҳʱߺһ͵ؼ˳ȥ
ǵľӴӺ˴ӳڳȥлӵͱΧ˾˼վڳ¥ϣľӱǺΧˣŵѾѪȾɺɫõĳעһС
ʱ㴩һɫ׵׵ĳȹȹŰ÷ͷϴ͸ķ˲ҡ̶̧̣˾ơ
űͷڷҡ˾˼ע̲סЦÿʲô
ţصסӦأȻҪÿЩزסȪҲĺÿЩ
ЦЦžߵǰ̷ŵǽϣƣһƸ˾˼ͷЦɾһʤ̣ٱزǡ
˾˼ùƱͷžƱЦЦŪžƱ̧ۿǰűӵ㣬ų⣬ɽӣ
þĶǣ˳ա
΢΢һ㶣Ϳ˾˼ű֣˽ơ
ұپٰһλ񣬲Ǻȵһνơȴ֣ûκʱ򣬱ȴ˿̸ˡ
飬֤˾˼濴ҵӣ㡣
ѣɽΪý㿴Ź˾˼ЦȴҲ棬ҵɷ򣬹˾˼
˾˼Цˣ˵Ⱳӣֻһˣ𣿡
㲻˵Ϳڣҵſһӣ֪ˡ
⻰˾˼ЦһͷھƱϡ
⳹ϣͬʱⱭƣüƣ˼䡣


81 
ǾǴų¶ȣ˵ļ䡣
ѪȾ˵ϲ, Եǳ˷¾Ʊ, Ц
ʱ¥´, ȴѾ
ľ쵹ȥ, սʤѷ֣Ҷϳ¥˵֣Ӯˣˣ
˾˼⻰ŷſ㣬ЦЦ, ׺͵һȥ
˵ͷ, ˾˼Ͻתͷ, Ҷ¥ȥ
ʱǺž, Ա߰ձԱȥ, ˾˼Ǽȥ, 嵽ǰ, һѱ, ˵ֵܡ
㶣ԱһŮЦлл, ˵ˣڹǶһϣô, Ż
˾˼˶ᣬȴʲô˵ֻǵ͵˵˾䣺ס
βף
ǳһ̣֪ԷܸʵĴ㣬ôʱӶʱһʲôġ
ԱŮӵĵ٩Щͬһ۶Է̾˿˼ؽ·ϡҼ磬ѣϹۣҶǸӣҲûʲô𡣸Ҳ˳㿼ſɱҡ
ס˾˼һ֪⣬˵Ļſǣ濴ǵֵ꣬ˡպұֵܣǡ
˵ţתͷҶҶմȾѪҲսɱãһձʵľӣҲսɱҶ˾˼񣬲ҲЦˣ̧֣˫£У˾˼Ҳ̧֣˫£У湪Ҿлֱ˾˼ҶҶһֹͬҲֵܡ
Ҷ⻰ºЦЦҲʱֵܡ
Ŷס
Աߵõţͽţ˾˼Ϊôãôң
Ҳֵܣ˾˼ˣЦ̧һͷ˵׵ܵܣˣ
ү
˸ۣȴǸࡣ
Ȳ˵ˣЦŵ¶ҪȷԸȥҹٺȾơ
˾˼ӦʱԱվŵŮӡ
һսۣų˾˼ЦδɩҲǽӢۣ˼塣
֮ЦЦǲ˼ɾ㲻ʲôӢۣ˴ˡ
æ̾ҼܴŮˡҶܴˡ
ҶվһߵҷŮ˶ر˵ôջδһµģ
Ϊһһֱû˵ĻͻȻ⻰æҪȥץӡо켣꣬Щؤܴö࣬λΧһȺ˶Ц˾˼ڰ֣ͣǣͬһºսµĴÿ˷ɢȥ
Ҹ˸Ե£˾˼ǻͷΪǮ÷֮Ҫɱˣ÷ǮѾˣҲûа취кݺݴһ֮
սԱս׼⳥
һϵԸ֮󣬵ȵҹ˾˼ǵľ¥ͽʿ
ûʲôӣȻ쵽žͬнʿһ⡣һսǹ˾˼˾˼ڳ¥һֱصӪߡ͹˾˼˾ƣ˾˼ȵð֮󣬱һ˿ѣͻŵƣ¥ȥǡ
ǵڰ˾˼վſѾƣŽ˰֮С
˾˼֮Ǹ裬ЦŵҾͲˣȱ裬ֵİɡ
˾˼ӦǶȥһ¸Ϸ˵ĶЩս¡
㣬ֿˣ붫֮󣬳Ƶ۴ԼҲǳ¡
ǳƵۣСӱǴˣ
˾˼ŻڿڡǳĬȥ˾˼ŻĶ˶٣Ƭ̺ȴЦˣǣ
Ҳûѡ̾˿ֻôһӣҲˣĶһӣ
˾˼û˵ԼӸ鼫ã֮һֱûȢԼѷֻƽ̫æĹڹ̣ܽһӡ
˾˼Ų豭ŵͷݶݵļ澭Ȼʱ̣ӡ㲻Ϻáһպǻ
˾˼̾˿δ¶ҲǸòĵģ˵˵Ըɣ˾˼ĬƬ̣ڻǵνˣûд۵İɣ
ûлӦͷúЦס㡣
˵ţ̾˿˵ãƺڿƬ̣ڵϣպ
˾˼㶡
붫Ƶ۾ǽ£Ƶ֮а˼ӹٽȻȻ顣ٵȨģţǲ˼
Ӧˣ
βӦأǿЦܾãǽҵӿֻĸ׶ȴŶãվġ
˵ţ̾˿ʵҲףͱϾȵܴܵöܼ࣬ҵһУվǵܵܵģ̫ǿƣ˭ġ׵˼Ҷֻ˵
һŤͷȥűӣЩʹࡣ˾˼̾ϢһǵľƱȰ֮ʮа˾ţĪϡȻ鲻˳Щֵܣң˾˼͵Ҵɩӿȥ黹ã
⻰Ц⣬Ц˼ɬʮˣʧһأȥͷСӣЩ˼Ǽõġ
Ҫ˽⣬˾˼Ц˽ˣ֪Ǽõġ
ǰЩεЦұΪǸӣ˭֪ȴǸƢ𱬵ģϹ򻹺õòУֲһ˱ҼлԼ㹻̹ʣУִΪ룬Խ˽ɣ˼ţЦԽãá
Ǿˣ˾˼˿ڲ裬תͷ⣬ܺãмˡ
仰ǸŮˣͻȻʧȥ
мˡ
ʶ
죬˵Լ£ȵҹҶɢˣ˾˼ǸԷֿ˾˼Ӿ¥߳ճ㿴˸ͣſڣ˾˼㶣æǰȥݳ˿ų˯ˣ˾˼ǰŷֹ˾˼ûüкͿ˾˼ӡ
ڳյƣžž઴̡ƻӳߵ׹ҡҷ˾˼ӵǾȻ̧ͷɫ˼ֻңƼǹ˾˼Ѹٰȥ
ɡ
кŹ˾˼֣˾˼ס֣
˶پƣԱʳУײѾóҸ㰾ȺȰɡ
˾˼ûӦ棬˶ȣ°ͿһУЦӯӯһֱڵأ
ǰ㽫ѾҨʳУȾƺȶˣ㡣
Сƭӡ
˾˼СૣЩףתͷȥ˾˼Դǵǵңҡ
㡭Ҫͱ˾˼ְ̧ס˴˾˼Цſһ
һղ


82 
㶣ŶԷ, Ƭ̺ŷӦ˼, Щ˼, ͷ, ŤͷȥѾţѾ
Ҳ
˾˼ڵϣֱ̧Ž㲻ңҲ
Цãȥ˾˼, ˾˼һ, ûа취, ִ̧˴Դ, Цŵ, ˰ɣ
˾˼⻰, ̧һֻ, ʾ˳˼, ֽ̧˾˼˳һᣬ˾Ϳ˹ȥ˹ͷһԼ, ˣˡ
㡣
СڣӹѾ, ƹȥ۾㣬ֿһֱ㡣ֻ̫ˣһֱš
ʲôֲû
Լϣ̧Ϊ̫Ѩ
ͬ˽ƣ˾˼૵;ãԸס
˵˵Цǳ׺þˡ
˾˼̧һֻ֣Լͷţסһֻ֣۾Ц
ﲻ㣬ǻһҪ¶ûôأ
Ź˾˼˵⻰ʱ˵ʲôȻһ仰˵ˡ˾˼˳ָһƬ̹Ȼ⼸ʵܺ£Ҿţöϧǰνģȴ֣һ㡣
ҴӦĲĻûҵԸû˽ᣬҪǣ˾˼ЦЦ̧ۿЩΣһû
һûȥĵطû£ҶͬһһмӣһǣһǳһᵱһܺõĸףˣȥҪÿЩԺдòÿ
Ժǻݣ˾˼תͷ͸ĳ£ʱһһ̫ƽʢ
áڣֵһġ
㣬˾˼Щƣؼҡ
ˡ㰲˾˼ҡҡͷкó·
ôأ
Щ֣ȡ¶ʱ¹˳д֮ʱ󷶴˷㵽ȥͺ𣿡
ݣ˾˼Цǲô׻
⻰ĬȻֲ࣬еĽӴ̵ȷǸöԸ̻ʲô֮ϣ˾˼ö࣬˵ܻ¾ǻʲô谭
˾˼Ĭ̧֣ȰοҲģʱһа취
ЦЦ˾˼ԴҡͷҲģ˯ɣȰЩеûģ㶼˺һˡ
˾˼ͷûӦʵۣôسǶû˯ãѾƣˡ
ҡҡλΣ˾˼㣬Ժ˯ˡһ˯ѣѾ˹˸Ź˾˼˷ˮ˾˼Լˮϴ裬ϴͷȥ˯ˡϨ˵˯£ȥϴϴ˱ӣȥ˼ֲһ
ƺʲôʶ漴ͷӦһ
ؾͽ˾˼ͻȻӣס֡
ƺȣ·ֱϣҲûֻͬ棬֣һֱû˵
Ƭ̺
ʵҲ飬ҲûʲôýŵġǾ÷ɿ죬̲סࡣ
˶Լƺ֣оﶼԼ˾˼ЩΣСҺ¡
仰̲ס͡ЦһʱҲˣСʲô
˾˼ںҹ̧ۣЩε㲻⡣
˵ʵڵģ˾˼̾˿֪ӣ϶ӣ¶ʲôʱ㶼ܾ㲻ֲܾϲţ¶߸˵ģԸңǲҪġ
㾲ţ˾˼ַԼĿڣңԸ𣿡
о˷ɿ֮ĵͷͷûƼСظԸġ
˾˼ЦЦҹ·Ǽ˻ҹ磬ḧ֣
ʲôû˵ͷ䣬ű۾ǳ京¶ʢŵ滨ڳḧһ̣΢΢
˾˼ͣƺҲں£ȴڹ򶨣α̹Ȼ
ŬӦУڲŵҲǵһΣʲôͬ˵
ͷ̧ùϴ㺹ͷº͵š
ץס䣬á
û͡
ʵ˾˼ͺֻ͡ΪûԤеۣҲûԤеܡ
˾˼֮һУƺĪøÿһΪԼҪȥеʹʱ򣬶֣ʹԤ̫ˡ
һжãʱĿ£мá
ѩ䣬Ȼըȥ۾Ź˾˼
ͻȻôʣǰһ̣˾˼ȴһסº͵Ұ㡣
Ȼƽ
ڴϣһֱûж˾˼֣Цſ˾עŶԷؾЦˡ
ѩˡ
ºͳ˾˼Ӧһתͷգˡ
ǻ𣿡
Żɡ
˾˼ƽЩ֣⼸ջ¶ɣȥ𣿡
Ҫƺ󣬡˾˼ЦЦǰŲҹȥ
Ӧһ˾˼ңܴݣҲȷһ᲻ȥ
ô˵أЩãȻܴʲôϵ
ܴݣ˵Ϊܴ˲ԸȥǨܴ˵ȷô룬ʱܴ磬˵𣿡
˾˼˼ǣܴ֦ܴͬͶϣ˷ܴ뷨ǾԲڶʲôΪġҪڶϺзٻЩʵ¡
ţţ룬̲סǲȥˣ
Ҳδأ˾˼˵ȴüͷᡰţһ˾˼˼Ƭ̣ڵ⻰Ҳ룬棬Ҳ˵ȥܴЩ׽ˣҲ˵ġ
ס
ͷ˾˼̾˿ЩǵܴܴݣǷֻһֿܣڷŷˡ
⻰ˣ˾˼ڶƵۣչأܴĸ߹٣ڶԷһܴ粻ܴ˵ӣйְ⣬Ҳǿԡʱ򷶴˺ܴ˶ȥ˶ܴݣʱգ˵˭˵㣿
˹˾˼˼˼ǣܴ˾ãδܼܶҶ֣ǰܴݣǳ£ǻ𣬵Ŷɽ𣿡
˾˼ͷܴ˼һ붫붫ڶ
ܴĴ˼򴽣£԰ˡ
Ϳˡ
˾˼ͷָ֣ܴ˹Ʋ޷⣬Ҳֻǽ߰ˡǷʲôҲͰȥˡǷ벻
˾˼˵ţЦҲܹܵˡ
Ҳûϵˡ
㿴˾˼գæס֣Цŵ߹ˣʲôʱҶ׬Ǯġ
˾˼⻰ЦˣǰЩãȻĹЦͣ
һҹѩ˵Ż죬Ժ˯ȥ
ڶ峿˾˼ûн㣬˯ţԼȥ
ߵſڵʱشѩҪɨæס˶Է룬ľϹ˹ߣѩæ
æˣ뿪һ˯ѣѾ뿪ЩҲ˼ˣӡϴĶ˳㻹һѣͬ㻶ϲүߵʱԸģȵ㶫
ЦЦ֪ô˾˼֣;øˡ
Ⱥѣϴϣţ㿴̶ֱ̧֣סԼ۾Ӧãŷ֣ȻͿͥԺѩˡѩһһɷ´·бۡѩһ𣬿ȥЩЦ
̲סЦԱӡѵү˴죬˺üŰ˴ߡ
ӡ
Ц߳ȻĴ֬ߵѩǰմ˴֬Ǹһ㡢Żѩϣô֬˴
Ȼ֮תͷһԱߣ˶Цſôֲ˼վæȥ˷
ᡢʻһ극졣ǽƺǸˣܾƺ֪ʲôһʱЩ߽ͬ񣬽æͬǶأһ԰ɡ
Щ˼æ֪ڵȣұһЩ
£ʻڰ֣˯˯˯Աʣµ¶þ˼ȥġ
ͽһۣһѹʻС㻹˼˵ô㲻Ҳġ
ʻһʱЩڨڨүѾܺˡ
Ѿ˲ˣһ·Ͻᶼ֪֪Բˡ
¶·ûа˽
һʼŲӦҲ˵ȵ棬Ҳ̹Ȼˣȳ극ͬ¶ֻ͹ˣ׼ģһ·¶Χһ׮һ׮ȫȻûиϢᡣ
ͣæźͽγﱸҪõĵӣ󣬲ȥ˵
ﾭ÷£Ҷսսģ㵽֮󣬽˶λϣҶ˵˳Ĭţ˿ڲ裬Ƭ̺ͻȻЦʲô
˵ţ̧ۿãȻˣŻأ
û˸ҳȥ¶͹ȥˣҵͬҵǸȥ飬Ҳԣûл̫ྫڵһһֻ飬ûйǡԺһĹʹҽκ⣬Ƕͬ˵
ȥûпܵʲô뷨ֱͬ˵ԺһſڷŸ䣬ԿֻУκֲ˵дŸңҲҪҲ׷˭˵Ļ˵Ķ˵
ԺֹøϸһѡһЩܳһֿ̣ܿܿͳʣµĸܸ¡ԺƷƺ;ɻʦֹܣʣ¹ƷѡҿѡҡͰдͿԡ
ĻȻûгĶȥͬϸϸ˵Żݵδúڵδݻ٣ޡٴ֪ĵطλЦҪеɾڲǿʼ
⻰Цˣ㹪͵ҵġ
ͷҶ˿ջԾ㰲ʣµ£ڲŽɢܿܿܿܿվǰЩƺԤʲôҧû˵
ЦЦܿܿΪҪͬ˵ʲô
ճܿܿæֲ̧ᣬżˣҲǡ
û˵꣬ܿܿͿݵǰӣ㾲£Ҳߵġ
⻰̧ܿܿͷЦݣۿЩæͷӲ۾ɳƵˣչΪѵġʵ÷Ļϸ˵ҲԣûáҸ˴鷳ûʸ¶
ܿܿ˵ţ˵ȥȴǵ͵Ϳ
㾲ú̾˿ֱ˱Īˡ¶ܵ㣬ҪҲǹңҰҴλãȴʲôûΪܿܿǰ㵱˵ģ㣬ң˶᷸һᣬҲᣬǶԭԼ˾ʹˣǶǳſġ
ܿܿţ޵ø
С㡭Ծгǰĳƺ·ǰһ㣬СŵҶԲס
ô᣿
ЦѾŬܶԵסˡԺ¶룬룬Ҳ롣Ϊ룬ôҺã⻨ݵ£ԺݶҪܵģ÷涼ǣӱ˽Ƕȶ롣㶼룬ô졣
⣬ǳ뷹Ҫѧˡ
ܿܿţͷ㿴ЦĪˣؼͬһɣ
ܿܿ㶣̧ͷͬһꣿ
ҽȻǽ㵱ɼ˵ģԺǾһꡣ˵ţ̾ϢԺңܲܰѼҵҼˡ
ЦչҪиӰӡ
̸ܿܿ꣬ȥ￴һƷۻķΧԽ㷺㿴Ʒ֮߳ӡǰͬܿܿŽ˽Ҳ֪˵ʲôһȺ˱ޡ˵˵ЦЦȥͦõġ
⻰ЦЦǰһȥˡ
ֻҪ£㲻ٳˡ

æ죬ȵϦ죬ŷ˼١˸ʼæű꣬³ȥ׼ˡ˾˼ˣųȹҵ
˸֣ȵ㣬ڳ˶Ų˳ȥѯӡҸоûأ
˵͹үƢӡ콫˶˵С˵ǰ죬Źүʹүʲôʱ룬Լлᡣ
⻰˴ǲǾ˼ʲô˵¶ˣ
˵ȥӪ˺Ⱦƺ졣
ӡŬŬ죺ǸүƢƣ𣿡
ΪãЦã˾ھӪţʲôѽ졣
ҡҡͷЩΡ
˵Żһ죬һ߿˹˼Ҵţվſڿŵŭ˾˼궼Էֵܣ
˾˼˰֣ûӵֵܣ£߲͡
ǺѾһˣûȵ˾˼Է޹ʣһ˹꣬Ҳġ
ųԷ˾˼̬ЩΣʱҶԺ˳Щʱסڹ˾˼ŵվſڵ͵ڵϵĴţ㶣㷴Ӧһޱ鱳Ĺ˾˼ֿ˿һְϽ
⻰ϽŽʱһ˴ӳ߳˾˼Ų˳˳ۣϰ塭
û˵꣬˾˼Ľ͵ؾ˹ȥɩӣ
ˣʶͽź˳ɩɩӡ
˾˼ڸˣһϣӵӹԱľϵݹӣΪ˵ˣٴдش׼СҼҹꡣ
˵ţ˾˼תͷ㣬϶ʱЦݣϽ߹ȥ˵ӣˣ֡
ҶվͥԺޱ飬Ƭ̺Ȣϱ
Ҷ͹˾˼뿪ķ̾˿Ҳǡ
ĶȢϰƢá׬Ǯϱ
Ҷû˵Ƭ̺һشˡ
˵꣬Ҷ̾˿תͷȥҵˡ


83 
ҶҺ˵ͬһ˷, һһ˸, ʹһôûˣ
һ, ˾˼æվ, ӭ˳ȥܴ硣
֮Щ˼ЦЦûжˣҺ֮ϼһ£ԣŰɣ
ôţ
˾˼Цӭǽ°ϯλ
ȴ֮, 㿴һȦ, תͷͬҶϧ϶ڡ
쵽˰ɡ
ҶЦЦҹӦ͵ˡ
ս, ҶʱԼܹ, Ҷϰ˰·, Σ, Ҷ̡վ, ӦҪȵҹˡ
һԹ, ǵ˾ԼȥԺȾƣһȺ˺ȵģҶ, æ˵һ·Сųȥܵſ, ͿҶϵҶͣ
㴩źãŴҶעú˻Цº͵˵㵽ˣ㡣
ҶЦЦϾȻס֣˵ңҸӣ߽ȥɡ
ҶϵĻһʱЩᣬоˣСʱһСƢ
֣ڰѩϣѩ֨֨ģû˵ҶҲûУ໰ƺӡ˵
ߵſʱ̻ͻȻŮͬʱعͷ̻ڶԷ֮С
һȥˡ
Ҷ૳Цǰȥ꿴̻ʱ򣬻ݳء
һ̫ѰˡҶתͷ㣬ЦЦԺ󲻻ˡ
Ժ󲻻ˡ
תͷȥ͸ǻĴţԺŵĹ˾˼˾˼ƺʲôһ·׷ƺģ˶Ц̲סҲЦˡ
顢顢顣
ʵģԲˡ
ͷЦЦͬҶϵȥɡ
һУȺСһҶƣ˴ҹŸԻ˷
˾˼վȣҶŷȥȥӣӣ˾˼ڰۣ֮ͷֵĹ̲סЦˡ
ÿ궼ô
˵⻰̧ͷЦЦ˾˼ۣԺÿһ꣬㣬ͼˣܴ硢Ҷֵܣһꡣ
˯ɡ
֪˵֣ЦŷԸһ㽫ӷŻˮ衣վͱ˾˼ס֣˾˼Цп˸ۡ
Һÿ𣿡
ЦŴÿ
ҺÿҶÿ
ÿ
ٿһΡ˾˼°ͣƢô䣿
㻹ǲǵãǵڶμ棬֬ôҵģ
㶣˼ţ˾˼ǵòұٷӢ˼Ʒ
ǵôЩ£˾˼ͷչȥ죬ҡ
ɣ˴ԴվӷŻˮ裬Ͻ˯ɡ
ԼȥϴʱϨ˵ƣŹ˾˼Ӧ˯ˣϴͱס֣͵һϣȻѹ
죬ҡ
Ĺ˾˼ԵøִģЦеҪǲô
ǲңҾ취ˡ
˾˼棬Щ棺ʲô취
˾˼ѹϣ°͵һ£
ţ
˵꣬͸оԼϽȥֹȴˡ
ƵһСһι˾˼ö࣬Ҳ˵öࡣ
ɤӵĺȥȺſȴҲûˡ
֪ӱͷġ
ʱ㴭Ϣţȫã˾˼ȴúܣȥϴ裬Ȼһͬ˯ˡ
۾֪ۣ֮ǵڶˡ
һ˯ø֪ΪջΪҹ˯̫𴲵ʱԽԽѹʱѾ˾˼˯㣬Ҫͬһɽ㣬Ͻȥƹ˾˼˾˼ߺ󣬾ǲ㽹ˣȻҪ˵ģ
˯һ̡
˾˼̧־ñסԴŽҺ
û취Լ˾˼˯ڴϣҧҧȥˮӣ˾˼һǣ˾˼ˮ͵شӴϾֵôˣ
Ӵϻǰࡣ
˾˼̵ˣ
ͷ
ǰ߳ˣ
ҡͷ
Ǳˣ
ҡͷ
ǻʲô£
˾˼еɣ֪ʲô£ôࡣץӣϽ㣬ȫҵˣϽ
⻰˾˼˿һϵһҲȥˣҺҺۣҺƣ
վ̵ȥڵ
˾˼ӴϵӵҾҿԼ֣
ŻججԸĹ˾˼ţʱ˸ѾſڵˡŹ˾˼˽͹ʻǰЩ˼š
޷ڰ֣Цŵ
ǺòС
ῴһԱߴŹǷĹ˾˼ЦЦôˣǾ˼һǳһ㡣
㣺
˹ȥж
˾˼ŹǷ㣬˸һȥ˳ǽһ˳ƽ
˳һ㣬ڣ˾˼ûôš
»˾˼ÿ춼ʲôʲô˵ľͿš
֡廨ýһѺ֣廨ȴǽʮָö˿ڡ
һ£ʵָ̫ͷˣһʲôá׵ʱҲˡ
جج꣬ʹϢȫʤѾƽʱǴʵҲʣ˷յı̵ݡԼ֪յľݡ
ݸģݵعҷ֣ݣǹ֮أ֪Ȼֻݣȴ㹻ͷ⡣
˾˼ӵʱѾڶǻŵ飬ЩʰվڴڣɵõҲվڴڣ紵ˣͷۡ
˾˼̾˿ϴصһʰ
̧ͷһۣЩʲôأ
˾˼Цһ£Ҫض֪ʲôְλ
ô֪
ɡ
˾˼·̾˿Խ弶Ǹٰ
㶣ȴѸٷӦ
뻧ֱɣмܸʱȻû赲ܸʽݣȴù˾˼붫Ϊɣôı㲻̫ˡ
׹˾˼ڵʲô̧ͷһۣǰ·ƺ˼ʲôúƽ͵㲻⣬ѹٴˣҲǿԵġ
˵ʲô˾˼⻰̧ͷǰһ̧ۣգھǻÿ𣿡
Ҿ֪ЦſڣھúҺ롣
⻰˾˼˶٣Ƭ̧̺ͷ룬ңȻⱲӣһֱһ𡣡


84 
˾˼ĵ֮γΪһ, ˾˼˽, ҲܿܿԸ˻ݵ֮, һ˱װ, ȥˡ
Ҷͬһǰǵ黹ûȻﶼ֪Ҫȥǳ滹ҪߵģٵýعŻᱻطȥ
һһ·ҡҡλΣ˽һ, ڲŵ˶
ǰݵʱ, ˵Ƶ, Ҳֻжˡ
˵һ֮, ȨƵĺ, ڶؽ, ϵһש, ĶǸƷ١
ĹŮ, ǣأ𱰷, Ȼ
ǽŴ׼ĹٻûаֿŴ߹Ǳ׼, ûκ覴á
ǰһ죬˶ЪʶԼױݣõ·ݾͱѣ͵ڶϸ˾˼·ʱ˾˼̾˿ôأԵӽˡ
ЦЦ̧ͷһۣͷһǣ𣿡
Ķô˵˾˼ΪݶЩܱ𣿡
Ȼʵ֤ܱȡ
˾˼Ķ붫ʱҾͶˡ
ĳǳضҪͨǳظߣǺҲҪ࣬񣬽ֵϴøɸɾ¸ովսңŮȴʱÿҲųֳȣЦŴȥƺûбսӰ֡
·ӣ·иָˣЩ۾ĺƵƵ߹ƺֲһ㡣
öһж漫ˣ˾˼°ͣڳϣˮЩôÿ𣿡
ư˵ǸǸ˻𣡡
ǰҲС
˾˼ֱ֣°͸ͷľɫǰЩˡ
ǰ
Щ죬˾˼üƺǺܸˣһǰ˾˽
ûʲôϲɫС۸ˣ
˰˾˼Լ裬пһƤңȴúܡԺǴڶ͹ϴű¶Ҳٴǡ
ֱ˾˼ڶʲôľҲûʣǵǳէԶҲϤұûһլӣֻȹһסҲǹˣլӣһ͵ʮӣҵҵ¶Ȼˡ
˾˼⻰Щ˼һͬסլ¶һͬţôġ
ЦЦ£¶ѰźˣǾֻסȥǡ
˵⻰㵽µķӡ
ⷿλò빬ǺܽԺ˾˼Ͼܶ˯һΪչ˹˾˼ǻ˴Ǯġ
һʮӣϵϹ˾˼ٺˣţһլӣΣҲӦ㲻ϲˡһͣլſڵʱ򣬶ɵۡ
լӵҲСǿȥŷ·ľţǽҲģǽͷҰݣȥ·Ѿûסˡ
һվլſڣ㶼Ǵˣ˾˼ȷӦģһ㣬㲻ˣæӣ
ԱҶҲһϽСĴ˼ңһζ
ҶҲæͷֻܵܺãҾúܲ
û˵Ƭ̺ͷٿһ۵ַҧҧȥʼš
ŵⷿˣŵǼҶ̵ˣҿԽͣ
ʮӣҧгݣ͸ôһط
ˣǼҶɥķӶ̫ˣҲõˣ
㡭
ۿҪ𣬹˾˼æһѽڻڿͦõģˣҾúܿˣ˾˼Ҷͬʱ˽һ¾˽ţ
֪⻰ͦеģôǰʧӣЩԿ
ͷԺ󣬴һڽ
ԺͦģӺģͥԺҰݴȥޱȣûһ
ҶһȽ˷ѾˣҶǰɨӣɭӣȥҪɾЩ
ѹͳ˷Ҷ˹ȥޱҸһ͵Ļᡣ
ˣ
ҶȥǷ̫ⲻİҪһ빬ǽĵطһլӾûе¶ʮһµˡҪΪôˡִ󡢵ضֺáҪֺװ޺õķӣǶ󰡡
żҶĻüͷķӣô𣿡
Ƿӹ󣬡Ҷ̾˿ʲô󰡡
˼ҶĻ򴽣Ҳ׷ˡ
˾˼ˣҷҶȰúúѾˣ˾˼žž죬СȥȰ㣬ˣ˯ɣ
̾˿̧۵ɾҾҵŬһЩ
ѾŬˣ˾˼æȰ㲻øԼ̫ѹ
û̫ѹҡҡͷ˹⣬ҾǾã̫Ǯˡɾսȥ𣿡
⧲ù˾˼㶣ãȻͷ˵̫ˣҾϽȥˡ
˾˼˸߲ҵģҲ֪Ǳˣĸˡ
һ·۳Ͷ٣һҹ˯ú㡣ȵڶգ˾˼˹ٷҶһ˹
һһս˾˼ǰдϱģҶйҪһ͡
д˾ĹӣڣҶ˾˼һ𣬹վ˴ſڣټ
˶ͷһϵʯذɼˣӸʶϣԱֱ̫ͦվùؾأ÷Χøׯؽš
˾˼ʵҲţϾСʱҲ͢ϵҲ򶨡ҶС͹ټ˴򽻵ȻҲͷһϵһҲ׼ãû̫ʧֻ̬һֱ־˵Ķӣͷһż˲һӣ̲ס˹˾˼Сֹôǰ
žˣ˾˼ѹʲôطûֳ˰壬ǰ˵ˣСĵԴ
ʱܵԴġ
һѾ֮ǰˡ
Ͻס죬ְֳú洫˾˼ڱ˽ȥ
˿̵վ¾ɹ塢͢ԱǶעŽˣΪ˶֪λһλλµ޿ڲǡӳ購ĻɣҲδпܵȨߡ
˾˼о˵Ŀ⣬ں̺֮ϣȨۡŷڽ𽱦ϺЦ˾˼ôһ˲ͻȻ򵽣ΪʲôҪ
ΪĲǮȨһģ˵Ͽɺ
˾˼°ڣȥڷǰߵףڣ˾˼£ꡣ
Ҷ£һ񡣷ЦЦֵ̧ɣɡ


85 
仰˾˼ڿеͻȻͶȥ
ܿ϶, һȴ֪, ڴʱ˿̵ķ, Ǹӡ
˾˼湪ߵ, ܸ֮Ĺϵ
ɵӣһĳ֮ߵյλã֤ϣյġ˾֮ˣôܿ͸ܸʷݵͼɼȻ֪ΪʲôԸݣ˳ܸʵ˼뻧أ
˾˼һʱЩ벻, ɫл¡
ͬҶһ
Ա̫Цѷ, û˴ʥּ, ˡ
ˡЦ, ̧ԼԴ, ҡͷ, Ϳ, Ҽǹ¶, һʱǻûּˡ룬ּɡ
̫ЦҲ̫ǹҹ˴ˡ
˾˼̧ͷһ, ˿ȥͷͣʮģ̫е̬, ΪڵͷͷǰȻȻγһֱ΢̬Цӯӯװ׾ϲ죬жСԱС̫ӹʥּվڷ󣬴˼νʥּ˾˼ΪɣҶΪƷ˾ɣΪƷǰ˾ָʹ
ּл˿һſʼ¡
³ٷϴˣҪսĺˣҪ׼ӦԻûй˳˵Ĺ٣˵󲻴˵ССطҫĴ٣֮⳯ϣȴҲֻǸСϺףߴߴִţһԲ
ؼ⣬һǶϢҪսһ꣬ķϣٶָ֮ءݺ֪νǺͽ⻹ǹ˶ûи׼֪ûʲô˵ģ֪Ϊһ̲⣬ȴһ
ˣȪ֮󣬶ƿأȪĶ˼ˮ̳˽ڶʹλáʵ˶֪˵һģӦλϱ̡
˼ˮ겻ʮֻ꣬ǸӣĸȪƵһң輧ɫˡȪһҹ֮䶼汩Уֻʣ˼ˮ˵˼ˮλã͸ģ̵Ŀܰˡ
ݸȻǿҲЩʱԼǮҳһֻ˵ģǰЩʱգűֽ̲ݡ˵Ǻ֪һҰĲڷǻʱһȥй˳֮⡣
ݷ벻ͳ˳۽㡣
˾˼ڳҺ峳һƬ˾⡣
˵ģе̫ˡ
ּ󣬷úûϵǰϿʱӽеƲסΡ
һ·εֱ֮Ҷվϣһ˾˼Żعŷܱ˶ɢˣζһۣһۿ亹ֱðЦŵ˴ˡ

˾˼ϽǷˣǾԲܵġЦЦͷһμ棬˲ôǰЩʱ¶Դ˶пޣˣ֪Բ飬ſ
ˡ˾˼æǳɱ̧ˡ
Цͬ˾˼˼䣬תͷҶҶԹ࣬Ц˵ҶˣһԸ緹𣿡
Ҷ㶣ʶ˹˾˼һۣȴû˵ҶףǵֻҶϽӦͬ˾˼Ҷȥˡ
ˣŹ˾˼ȥ˴С磬˵Ŷټʲô
ĵƺ˾˼ʶһۣ˰屧ЩЦôͻȻ
ˣ˶үȥ̫ˡҿˣԺǶǴȣҵñЩҸϽȽи磬Ժա
ôõ𣿡
˾˼üϽҪⶼҪȻشⰡ
ֲɣ˾˼ȥˣ
Ҳļ𣿡
̾˿Ǻ¶ǻ¶иס
¡
˾˼϶ڣЩɻ󣺡ô֪
ͱǰϵͺãǶ¶ţ常֮ǰ˶ѾڶˣǻûüˣձǴΪѰסΪǸˣʤ̣ܽµٵ𣿡
˾˼ƽЩʲô㶣Ƭ̺͵طӦʶĹǲǱҴ󣿡
˾˼Ĺע㶺ˣ̲ס٩ǰҪɱ¹ڻְС
ˣ̾˿ǰС¶ҲЦˡΪʼǿܣȫӥүˣΪΪʵԸһˡ統ù٣ʵЩ
һ˾˼̧ļ磬ĳˡ
ִȥ˵
˾˼Цջ֣۾תתǰٵ״󲻴󣿡
ǰ˾ľ֮һǸõط
˾˼濪ڣҪֺǣ˾˼ڲжʮָʹÿָʹǧˣǸλá
Цݽסˡ
ǧˡ
ݻúء
ЩƣߵſڣճţͿվſڣ˾˼㶣ܴ磿
˼
ЦЦһҲڰ
ܴ硣˵ҵˣǸʲô
ǰ˾ָʹ˾˼ԱͣϽͷԶԶԣ
֪ЦŵҹѾ˵ˡ
˵ţǿ˾˼տʱ䣬ȥҼҳԸ㷹
Ҳȥ
˳ЦЦ˼£㡣
⻰ЩΣ˰ֵ˰ˣǶԷԼȥȾȥ
˵꣬˵һˡ֮󣬱ת뿪
Щû뵽Ҳڡ
޷ģ˾˼֪չ˵ӣ̫࣬ǼһǾȥĴأľϹȥ򵥾ˡ
˵ţ˾˼תͷͬľϵȥȾǮˡ
˾˼һ˳ϳ֮󣬹˾˼ֱӵܴҰɣ
㶣ɵЦ̫Щ
պãҲ£ܴˡ
˾˼ЦЦתͷȥŽɫƺ˼ǡǲɵõʲô£
ȷǣ˾˼תͷǣ̾˿¶һãǲǸ˵
˵
Ӧ֪Ҿ˾ԭ齭ӡ
⻰ɫʱ
Ϊģ֮ľ˾˼ٲˣǣ˾˼ҪٶĲ
ȥҲ£Ϊо˾˵ҵĿɽʱҿ˼ѣûоôɿŵĵ
˾˼ǵɫҶ³޶ģҾ˾ˣҲֻ֮飬ûаֹϵ
ףǵͷ㲻ͬ˵ôֵ࣬ܣҶûа¼ɡֻǵģóóȻʳȥᵢ;
Ҳʣ˾벻ˣ
˾˼Ц̹һ㣬ٻ
ǲ˵ˣúǳ¶ȲҪͬᣬȥ׼ҶԽ̬Ⱥٿ¡
˾˼ȵҲ仰ͷֵлˡ
ʲôҪ
ЦЦӦõġ
˵Ż㵽ܸܸʵĸۡǷµģԭΪһ߹ٵļլƵʱ˾ټˣûץլϽ˹ҡ
Ժ޽üãһ·̨ͤ¥󣬹˾˼˽һӣŵ鷿˾˼վܸǰܸڿһŵͼ滹Ǵٹȥİͼǽ˴㲻뿪ȥ˾˼վܸ󣬹ܴˡ
ܸӦһתͷ´˹˾˼һۣЦˣ񶼲һ
˵ţߵߣһӣ̵ɣ̸һ֣졣
˾˼ǰܸʶ棬ܸУµʱźŵҲ뿪ˣӷ䵽ԺһˣƲܸʵҪһꡣ
Ӧǡ
ڷһ½һ¡ܸʿ̣֮ǰ뷶ΧǴ¶˻ԮǶſڹһϣͬ˵ཻʱȻȴֵܣʤֵܡ
˾˼û˵̣ɫ
ʵЩĵģܸ˵ЩΪʲô
ҴӦԮҲҪ֮ڴ֮ǰϷھǣһ١Դ붫֮һֱæǰæԹ˵ȷڶ֮ˡû£֪Ϊʲô
˾˼ֶ˶٣û˵
Ϊβ˵
ܸĿָϡ
¹ٲҡ
˾˼ӣܸЦףϣܼͬϷ˵ҵǶպѹƽԹôšϷˣҽ¡
ͬ˵𣿡
˾˼ƽڣܸҡҡͷûС⻰˵ˣסǻϷ
ЩǴ¹Щʲôأ
ܸʳĬƬ̺֪¶ʱӵǰţŵˣûˡǶöϷžԺ£ͬǶЩֻ𣿡
ܸ̾˿Σҽͬ˵ЩָţպߵһЩ˵˵㻹š
˾˼⻰ˣܸƽվ͵öаʾֲ濴ǵȻ˵ʱǵþãȷˡ
˾˼Ц̫Ϊ¹ˡ
Ǹӡ̧ܸۿҾ˵С£𣿡
˾˼ЩΣֻǿ¹پ
ܸʵͷûм˵ʲôҪʵģ
¹ٲף˾˼ֱӿڣΪŵù¹٣
¼£ôͬһֻëӵ˵
ܸüЩֵŲ㣬λϣ
˾˼һʱƿԣܸ壬֪㲻ᱳǶǶᱳܼңҲ͵һֱվܼҵϡ
˵ˣ˾˼ɫƽ̧ۿܸʣȫ棬˼վĲܼң˼վǰգǹ
ܸû˵Ź˾˼
˵۾һƬЩеִš
ܸЦЦ
Ǿܼҵ
˾˼˿
⻰ôֵܲԸⱻܸʰ󶨡
ܸ仰˾˼ڷһ䣺¹һɻ󡣡
˵
ȷģǱ𣿡
˾˼ܸʣûкܸκ顣
췢֣˵仰˲䣬ܸʵϣֳ˼ݵġѹı顣
ֻһţָֻܸƽյģЦϷʮֵ֮飬ǲϷġҵģҪҵԴ˾Ϳˣûʲô˵
⻰˾˼Щ֣ţܸ̾ϢҷģǷ񰡡
˾˼㶣Ƭ̺˵һ¡
֪Լó嶯һ˲䣬ȴʶѿڶа
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лҪ˵̵һ
Ȩıƪʼȵ
С糡
˰䣬ô
˾˼ing
˰䣿
˹˾˼һš
˾˼£Ҿúܺá
ʲôܺã
Ҷҡҡͷ
˾˼Ҿ÷ŵ£Ҫ飬ȽϺá
˵ʲô£
Ҷ۾
߳
˾˼ղűµôҴСֽ
ҶܲܲҪѶϰߴְҵ


86 
⿪ʼ
ܸû˵˾˼ʳ, ʱԼĴ󵨸ˡ۷û߲, ³ʱ, Ǻõġ
æ뿪λ, ȥ¹ٺˡ
ʲôܸʿЦһ£תͷ죬ɫƽɡҲҪˣȻȥɡ
˾˼æӦ, ߵ, ܸʵķ˳
ܸһ, ȴ֮, Ԥ֮, ڳվŶ˶, ܸ߳ʵլԺ, ͿǸվڳ, ߳תͷЦŵɩԷ, ұ
˾˼⻰̧ͷ˿ɫҡͷ, ճʱͬ˵Ҫؼҵģȸˡ
⻰ҲûΪѣֻǵյҲûͬţԳԷԺûôʱˡ
˾˼ЦЦҡͷȾƺȹˣպǱҪһҪؼҳԷġ
˵ţ˾˼ƺЩ˼ܵиҵӣͬÿնһ
ǵ˵ͷŹ˾˼ȥЦŵҵҪͬѧѧ
˾˼ûж˵ʲôһǡ
ǴСⱼģܸ磬Ǯ֮£ûʲôҵףȫ͢ǵнˮʶʮ;ͳ̣ҲǾǮ֮£ǳεݣΪ˲ɹ衣
СС;ͲٳЩ˽һϣǵķִ綼üãƶǡô
Ҫ˾˼ԷͻһֱȺ⣬˾˼ҪȥҲûаɫŹ˾˼ſڣǻд꣬·Сġ
˾˼ЦЦİɡ
˵꣬룬ֵܴ磬ǶԲס׵ˡ
£Ц֮ûû˷ѡ
˾˼֪˵ЦЦͬ񣬱ӣľϼˡ߳ûм˾˼ͻȻӣѯʵĶ
֪ʡ
ľЦŵҲȥˣٷӦھŷһ·Ȳ衣
ľҹһϼһ¶ĵͼ˾˼Ҳż˼ҪĽֵŷǶһʶġ
ȥ
˾˼˿ڣľЩΣӦ
˾˼²ķȥʱӡڲ¥Ȳ裬˵ڴãеĹ£һЩʱ̸
һ죬ķۺͷⶼһ飬Ҳ˼׷ӡ
ķݵǲƣҪΪԱֶܼǸصĸ㻨ǮסЩʱգҲûйϵġ
һȦ㷢֣ʵĿǰסطװ޵òãǲģǵضϣ빬Ǽвһӣ˾˼պڼ˯һ
Ǹɢˣÿ𴲱ҪǶյʱ򣬸ϼѡģÿճʱĩʼ칫˶ÿîʱҪϳһջ붫Щ˷ܣպǾĥˡ
㿼һ죬ֽլȻĿСݵȥһ˵ĳͣ¶һլӣʣһǮ
¶ҲЩƣһҲ¥Ϣһؼȥ
ܱ˶죬˵޷Ǿ³飬³ĹΪ˽ŷͳ˵˵ȥҲû̫
Ƶۺһ£͸˰յǼΪ˵ġ룬͸˰ǳ͢ǮȻҪطġ
һɫЩˣתͷһ棬ԸӡҪ˰ɣ
ӡŲ裬̧ͷһ棬ӦˣҪǻȥɣ
˵ͷԸӡȥͣ˸ֿ⣬ӡȥҲһʱ䡣
˿ڲ裬վк˽ˣ¥ȥ
׺죬㿪ʼ£¥վſʱѾ˳£ضվſڣţʱӡӦõλãҲǱ·ϣĸ±ˡ
㵹Ҳżվſڣ
ſڣ¥ľ¥֮УиŻϣŽĴŶ·ˡ
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ھ¥ǰתָϵĴָ̰û뵽ҲĴꡣ
̴û˵Ĭ̶ԱߵľƱ˿ھƣĿ͸䵽¥ſڵŮϡ
Ůɴ멣ɫŸ˵ķ٣վڲ¥ſڣ´
̾Ƭ̣ͻȻڵ˾˼ǲˣ
վ̴ڿ˿ڣΪ̵Ӧǡ
̧ͷǰţ¶ˣӦˡ
˵ţЦЦȻϣȥðɡ
ϵ̴û˵ֱ˳ȥվ˵䣬ҿһۣζ·ûʲô壬¥ȥ
Ѿˣ˰ɡſڡ̴ùɡԸŰɡ
˵̱꣬ſɡ֮С
˿̹˾˼ųЩ١
̫磬һţûʲôо˿̷ĸо̾ӿųڴǵأҲûв
˲֪ãͻȻͣˣϡ洫˽̸֮Ժۣһƣȴӡ˽
Щʪ󣬵Ҳã˾˼ͻȻˣæôһˣٷأ
˽ūȥڲ¥ţͻȻ˴꣬ū澱·ϣպү
ӡæڽͣ˾˼˿棬ӡһڵ㣿
ǡӡҲЩżֻҺٷ˳
˾˼üͷţĴ껹ľ̫ЩһˣЩģͬľ˵˲¥λû
˵ˣӡصúܣܿ͵ˡ
˾˼ӡʱȵЩġ
ѾˣٻȥҲ鷳㿿űߵˣ˵ʱˣ˰ӵĹŴ꣬ɳɡǰʮĹֽɡʢ˳ɡ£ӭ¶鴹ס
£ȥƮϸ꣬յĴͻȻһӰ
ڳǿòģҲû⣬Էе·ʱͻȻͿ˶Էò
ջ֣ӣɫƽ̹Ȼ
ԷĶһЦݶɡվǰЦϰ塣
Ц·ʲô֪һ㣬ص幫ӡ
û˵ʵ˫ﶼһȻȴװʲô֪һ㣬û˾˼ֻǵϰҲ˶
ƽ͵ȴ룬幫Ҳ˶
֮أ˶ĳȻҲ⡣
̿һܱߣŵϰȥĳһ̣
ˣתͷĻһ˺ܿ幫£Ͳˡ
Ҳûʲô¡
ߵϣɡƽ͵ˣϲʤϰżˣɡ
幫ӣƺûʲôġ
ЦݣĻ幫Ӳȥ裬ⶫ꣬Ҳȸվһ˼ҵúá
ôûʲôأ
Ц߼ͣ˵ĵͳϰαܿҵĻ̌۵ģҲð
⻰ûŤͷ̣ƽעЦӯӯЦﲻŭ³̣֮⡣
幫ӼȻʳ⻰һжģɫƽ֮󣬰µץһ£𣿻ʲô
ϾǱˣϸڣЩҲ
̵ͷеɡɡˮ飬ִ̧˾ڽӵϰ岻Ը˵ҲͰˡǲЩɣϰˣ
ûСἰˣʱ̵ЦؽţҲһʣϰҪ˵Ҳܰһæأ
ˡ
˲ϣûʲôҵģͷ幫Ӳˡ
ǾͰˡź
䣬Զ˾˼նԶϵĻƣϳǹ˼ҵ϶ʱϲɫ̲źۼһۣ˵ϰԵҲǳˣôΣȴ֪ϰ֣ϰ巼
幫Ӳʶ֣幫Ӳ֪
˵䣬ͣſڣ˾˼ɡӴǰɡǰ˵㣬ô꣬㣬Ȼɲ֪ô졣ߣҴؼҡ
ЦԼҲ˵˾˼ȫȻҲ˼һɡ̧£ϣΪ꣬ȥ
˾˼ûע⵽̣Ҳû̸ͬ̿ǵıӰۣߵǰʱͻȻ㣡
ͣ˾˼ע⵽̵ĴڣعͷȥЩɻ̡
̵ĿϣüЦЦɡߵǰɡȴȫȻûа⣬ֻǽɡݸ㣬Цŵɡ֮û
û˵̼ӣ̧֣ɡϣ񣬷·һμ㣬С㣬̡
˾˼ɫݣתȥ㳯ž¥˽ȥ
ӡľЩĳ
˾˼û˵תɡƽ͵վȥ
֪˾˼ǲˣҲҶ˵ֻǵͷӦ˳Ź˾˼Ļ
˾˼ɡԼվȥ
վʱýŲȵʲôͷȥ㿴·ŵɡпá
˾˼ĬƬ̣ͻȻɡȻ⧲䣬ɡ̵ķ͵һӣ
ɡӵ⧲ѡһ¾ͷϣ̱ҵýŲ˻ΣɫͷͿ˾˼վϣɡЦ幫ӣ´μ棬鷳й˷ˡ
û˵ɫȻ˾˼Ȼͺȣ´ٸҷʲô߰ĶҼһδһΣ
˵꣬˾˼ɡͷӽ
ӡ㶼棬ŵĶǶˣŴѹЦ
˾˼ģŤͷȥû˵
˾˼ƺǾһ²̫룬Լɡץӡ
æ̧ס˾˼֣Ȱ˺ˣһµˣҾͲռˡյϹ٣ɱ쵱٣ձ˵㵱ִ˵ӡ
˵ţ㽫ɡӹ˾˼ߣݸӡ죬οɡҲͰˣɡԼҵģǺɡÿɹˡ
Сӣ˾˼ԽԽһأ͸ЩӰ㲻֪̣ҪôԸҿĴ治죬⣬ҵռˣ
㱻˾˼ЦԱӣ˾˼ϵˮȰŵҺͼ棬Ͻ棬һ˵ģܿʲô
ͷº͵ǳģΪʶ㣿㲻ʶ㣬Ҳ϶֪๫㣬һ֣㵱֪ˡǹء
Ϊʲô˾˼̵´鷳Ҳˣͻͻݣҿʲôˣ
Աӡ̲סѹЦЩԹӡһۣӡϽͷ裬˾˼̧ͷЦʲôЦܺЦ𣿣ٷһֵͽӣ㻹˼Ц
үԲҴˡ
ӡϽϴ˾˼ҪѻӡϣæճΣ¶
˵˾˼ڻ˿ڲ裬ЩֹסС¶ͦõģߴ̫뻹ϲңҲӳ購ˡ
㿴˾˼ӣִ̧˴Դ̫ˣССɼպ·ء
ССɼ˾˼ˣôɼ˾˼Ŭſ֣ȻŵǴĳɼˣ
ЩΣһ۵ͷѹЦӡ죬һʱֲõѵ˾˼СˣӡϽүˣȳȥġ
˵ţӡ˳ᣬʣ͹˾˼ŵĪ̫ſˣ˿ɶء
֪֪˾˼̾ҲǺNɪһ£ϣ𣿡
ԣ˶٣˼һ£ù˾˼˵ҲԣҲзִġЦЦҵĲˣұֻ̫ҵģµˣҲȷˡ
ģ˾˼üƺǲţ˿ڲ裬Цŵ˵㲻ǣ㲻ˡҿ㣬ֲţҪΣ
Ҿ֪ã˾˼̽ͷǰɻü޸ź
⻰̧ۿܽϿЦȴ档
㾲עƬ̺ЦûãҲź
λ£űӣ룬ƺӼ޸ûãұòʲôźˡ
ԭϲϲô磡
˾˼ȻЦãָԼˡ
˾˼Цģ⧲ǰչȥһڣѾϰ͵ϮЩ޿κοһۣ˾˼ջȥŵ⻰Ҿͷˡ
ʲôĵģ
ЩĲףﻹģ
Ҳ˵˲ῴ㿴ˣôܻӦ
˾˼һƬ¶̾˿ʵ⻰Ҳͬ˵ҵͬ˵˵㲻ãͿ϶뿪ˣɣһǵͬ˵ʵġ
˾˼⻰˵Щˣ˾˼֣кܶϲġ
㶣Ź˾˼˾˼ûа㴵עôõĹƯԸֺã׬ǮԼ뷨˭ˣ̲סĿܹȥûϲ㣬û˶˵֪Ժһкܶϲ㡣
Ź˾˼ĻеѹЩϲ
Сͷһôô̹ͬ˵ã˵ϲ̲סЩᡣ
Ķ˵ôã
ͷЦҲʩˡ
˾˼ЦЦ֣ͷֱڻԺˡ
˵úҴһ
һۣ˾˼ЦȥϷŪҲǴо˼硣
Ǻ˾˼ȥ̧°͡ȥ߭˾˼ɴץ֣ѹڳϣͷȥ
Ĵһ㣬и磬ţ
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лҪ˵С糡
̣ҶͷˣܲܲҪһԲϾͶ֣һμʹңðɣ
˾˼Ҷܺãֻ㲻á


87 
ڳһ£ʵʵ̫, ¶̫, 㲻Ҷˡ
÷ɿ, ֻֻ֮ϷŪһ, ôԿƬ̺ķ±Щ
˾˼᲻÷ţ㲻ҳֻǽӣŹ˾˼
˾˼ҲЩˣַ̫࣬Ų, ɴཫ̹, ֻǷϱס
ﺦ, ܵӡľϾӽ, ۾һֱ, ˾˼ȴǲܲ, ֻǱ۾, ȥ˵
ʱ, ˱оŮĲͬһ̵ֽ罿һΡΡʢڷ, ŬнڶԷһС
⸱ģù˾˼ǰ֣˾˼о඼Щ, Ǿøͣˣ˵ʱ̲סһһȣͣµĶʶȥ·˾˼ͼʱѹ̧һס֣ſŹ˾˼
˾˼ᶨؼǣ̧ۿ㣬۾żˮŴɫд˼־š˾˼֪ŵˣӣþú󣬲ǿסԼˣͷļͷû˵
þúƺŻɤӵͬˣֵġ
ͷСӦһš
ָ̧˾˼˳űһֱͷɵЩ۵ܣ
˾˼СӦһƬ̧̣ͷһЦڻҲѳֲס»̫ˡ
С˵˵
˾˼̾˿ûж˵ЩңĬƬ̺󣬸ߣС˵˼䡣
˾˼۾ʱһ§С㣬á
˵꣬˾˼̽ͷȥͬľϵȸϻؼȥˮȥٷϴ軻·
ľӦҲû룬ֻΪ꣬ͣͬӡԸһԼܻȥˡ
ľ뿪Сʲô
˾˼ЦŲ˵ȥƺ˷ܡ
еƽȣȻҪࡣȵ˹˸ſڣ˾˼ӳȥʱѾͣˣ֣
۾ģڶڲס󣬹˾˼ֱȥһһͬӡȥͬҵ˵ǱǳԷе¶Ҫ˭Ҫš
ôǰԲ˵ͷȫҳˣӡе£㿴ӡ첻˻ӣСͬӡȥ
ӡŷӦϽ뿪ˡ
˾˼ңһȥͽ˰ǽϣһһԡȥˡ
һ·ȰŵżЩæ
ӡʱߵſھͣˡ㶣͵طӦϽ˳ȥԺſڣٲ˽ȥˡ
͹ʻڷŷʻüͷЩɻʲôҪ£ܳ˷飿
ҲЩ֣ѯ˵ӻؼҵʱ鿴ȥô
Цʵʵ˼ˡ
˾˼ǸƢϲŭţˣ֪ʲô£ЦŵǱ㲻ùˣԼǺˡ
Ǿ˼˸أ
ڣʻһЦŵӦˡ
˾˼һֱڵҹȫȻû˯һӹ๾˹
־ƣ˾˼Ժѹţô˯
㿿ϣ̧ۿЩίҶˡ
δ£˿ȴȻȻˣʲôСһһ˵ԼˣȻ۰ͰͿŹ˾˼
˾˼㶣ЩίʶҲǡ
㣺
⻰һЩĻһȻһ˲ָŹ˾˼ȥŪԵģ
Щ죬ȥɡ
˵ţҪ⻰󣬹˾˼ź֪Ӧ㷽Ǿ仰ʵжϵĻӦġ˾˼æסֲˣЪţȥŪԵġ
ҲۣһˣڴϣСʲôʱˣ
˾˼̧ͷһ棬ҲûʲôӦˣҶȥ˯ˡ
Ҷȥ˯ˣڰ˽ǲǲ̫ã
û£˾˼ڰ֣ȥûʲôԳԵģֱûˡ
˵ͷڴϵһ
˾˼ӦۣϺ˳ȥ
ʱѾҹˣһ˶ûС˾˼˳ҷһ£ʲôûСĥƬ̣ǲܶģܵŪ㶫ԣ˽Ҳ֪ʲôʱˣ룬һ¹ŵĥţȥԡ
Ҫľ𣬲̨ԱߣɲҲڲԶӷڹ˾˼һϼƣжˡ
׼ϣˮ
Ȼ֮ǰһ·ӻݵʱѧ˵ģᳵ·˲Ȼûӵ˸ɲݣûһȼ̨ȷ磬Ũȼ˾˼Ͻˮˮ֮󣬹˾˼˽ȥڱˮ޶˾˼Ƭ̣üͷ￴ˮģе㲻һ
ÿǻûãתͷȥü˼ʼʲôʱ£ô£
ԥƬ̣ˣѼҿŪȥˡ
ֽ̧̨һң鿪̨ϣŪ˹˾˼һ֡
˾˼һԼ̫ˡһãû飬ټӴû飬˵һá
ˡ
ŵù˾˼Ͻﵹŵ̳˰ɫƻ˾˼Ͻ˼ɢɢȥ˾˼һ𣬸Ͻ˿ӿʼ͡
һ󼦷ɹ֮󣬹˾˼˼ԼȥԵӣû죬һֱţûһԣ֮ԥһ£˵ΣŻ˷䡣
ڼĵȴ˯˹ȥſ۾˾˼ţһ˫ӺһС뼷ýţȻ㡣
ѽЩ죬ˣ
㺬Ӧһֱ˾˼վߣСһһûˣҾ
㻹
Щ죬˾˼Щ飬СӦɡ
㿴Ź˾˼棬Ӵߵߡ
һ濴ȥ£嵰ǻ˵õ
ʲôû˵˾˼û£ڰҹڳһѾǼ䲻ˡ
˾˼ֺ棬кЩҵһ棬Ժõġ
ЦЦû£ҪǲóԣԺҸ󡣡
˾˼⻰̵ģȴǵҿѧѧʲôܿ졣
˵Ż˿ӣߣһԹ˾˼
ʵ㲻Ϻѳԣͨˣ˵ζô˵ģѾ֪ˡ
ó𣿡
˾˼Щţ̧ۿ˵óԣԶʹá
˾˼⻰ܹ裬һʱԼ³츳ⲻʲôԺҸѧˣ㿪ۡ
Цòͣ˾һԶһ˵һһյƣ;ø˼ˡ
Ϊ˯һ˾õúܣɴͬ˵ԼĴҴ㽫ⷿװһ£סˡݵĵѾʼ˰
ʲôæ𣿡
Ҳûʲôˣҡҡͷ룬ЦԺŵˡ
У˾˼Щ죬˰ֵС£֪ˡ
ŶУ룬ŵ϶Ҫҳ̸͢ʲôµģ嶯
ţá˾˼ͷӦİɣ¶
һȥ˯ˣһʱ˾˼빬ˡ
˯죬ֱ˽ѣЩ⣬һ˯
ľϲҽһΣûľЩΪѣûã˾˼źҶ˼ϳˡ
㾪ˡ
͵ۣŵ˾˼ٲ𴲿ɾҪԴˣ
˼㿪ʼҡ˾˼ˣ죡
˾˼һס䲻Լ˱
룬ɴϽ·㿪š
Ҷվſڣ㶣㼱ٵǽȥݳȥڻĥˡ
ҶԥƬ̣ȴǹϽȥһƣ͸˾˼
Ҷ״Ҳɴȥ˽˾˼ֱӼľϸ˾˼ϴȻ󽫹ٷһף˾˼ۣƺҶһһҼͬ㣬ϳˡ
ȥɣǵʱ䡣
Ͻڣ˾˼ۣڵ㣬һ
ˣ
Ź˾˼һϳȥ
˾˼ЩһǼʲô
ңԼߣ
ߵÿ죡ߵÿģ
˳³˼ţ㿴ţЩЦ
ӡ߹ˮˣϴ˯
ЦЦϴɣȥӣѡλáٿûʲô⡣
ӡӦˮ֮Щˣҹ˰
⻰ҹһӣ˴Цš
ŶԸԺҹ˯ǰЩʳڳõġ
ӡ죬˾˼һ
빬żûһ͵˻ʳǣн
紵ù˾˼࣬ȴǹǷһŹǷһѯҶ˵ʲô
Ҽһ常
ҶЦȴǴ˼ֿɬ˳˶ٷŶ˼ҶƺͻȻЩ˼һӣҿܾҪ϶Ҷˡ
ס˾˼ͷȻ常ãȻҪȥġ
Ÿ֪㡭
ûʲô˾˼ڰ֣ҲʲôŶи£ҵú˵˾˼ԥƬ̣Ҷ濴˾˼ĥһ£ڲŵˡ
ҶסŲתͷ˾˼д˼𾪡
˾˼򴽣ƺҲЩǵˡ

Ҷڣ˵꣬㼱ſڳȥȥұ¡ô죬պãǱ˽
嶯˾˼һסҶ֣ЩͷʹҾǵʧ˷ִ磬ǰͬ˵̲ģȻǴű²ɱɡ
Ҷסˣ˾˼û취̱ȻͰ취ġճǿܾͻˣұǰͬ˵һ㵽ʱи׼Ҫ嶯
Ҷû˵˾˼֪ﲻ˭ɱˣҲ̩Ȼ֮ҶϳɣҲǸʮꡣ
˾˼̾˿̵ļǴ㱣ͱ¶Ÿɣ²̨·ԺеǱĻᣬȹ˺Լŭ¡ǧ嶯嶯ľˡ
Ҷɲ˾˼˵ʲô˳йԱкöӣ㿪ʼ
˾˼ҶΪְֿͬжվţ˾˼ٶ˵ʲôȴǷĲ
ǶĵطԱճὫҪ۵һһó̸һҪ֮£ڰݵ£ձ䡣ҹݽڶʹ˼ˮʹ飬Ը˳ҳڲ¹ԱְλһӦʱ䡣޾λΣ
û˵Ƭ̺ܸվ£ҲΪݱҲǱ빥֮أֻҪԸ֧֣ʱܣҲûʲôʧ
Ҳ룬˵ͷ̸ʹ̣ڴг˲޾ã˲ţû幫ڶ̫̫λΣ
̫̫
λ˵ҪҪ˵Ҫ־Բˡ
һӵʦδΣ̶ܴ̫̫йء
˾˼üͷ΢룬׹λþԲǷģӦ뷶Э飬Ϊݹ˳֮һ
ִҲû壬ǹ˾˼ɴĬʲôû
ǺãͷųĬˣ˵ȻûǾ͡
£òף
û˵꣬ͱȻϣ˶ȥȴҶһտɫֳۣ˰壬վڴ֮ϣ£Ϊ̴ˣã
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лҪ˵С糡
˾˼Ժÿϱ
һº
˾˼ϱˡ


88 
⻰˾˼;Щͷˡ
ͷ, ڳ, ͷۡ
, ܸʸ, ȨﶼĬһƷٳʲô
̲ʺϵ̫˭֪ǷȻ˿ڣȻԼĽڵģȻҲʲôληŵ̨˵飬Ҷôһ谭˶ˡ
ڸϣû˵, ȥ, ҲǡҶվڳ, ǿûж, һƴѪҲҪԵģ, ù˾˼Ķ
ú, ˾˼һ, ߳, Ҷ˶ݣʶ幫м˽⣬幫Ӳѧ, ί̫̫»Щף¶, Ҷ˶ᣬ˼ԶҲֻǽ飬¿ǡ
⻰ȻȥǽԼҶŵһ𣬿ȴ˷һ̨ףȨ˷ɫԻ˵ʲôҶҪٴοڡһι˾˼ȴʮֹϣ̧žͲȵҶϣҶʹòȴ̬ʶ죬ôƬ֮䣬˰˵üǣٿһ¡
˵֮󣬷Ҳ飬˻֣³
Ҷ˾˼ȳȣ˾˼һȳһȥ˾˼Ҷ£ȰҶںݣһķ֪ϣ϶ֻҪסݾͿˣܶʲô֪н٣ȷʲôͷĺûᡭ
ʲôʱǣ
ҶͻȻ˾˼ĬԣƬ̺Ҫġ
Ѿˣ
Ҷ͵ŭȳҵʱû˵ҶۣŹ˾˼϶СδӺ̧ҵʱҲû嶯ݣҲϽƣڶ常ʷ¹Ա㻹ͬ˵Ҫģ⵽Ļųҽղպˣ
Ҫʲô㲻Ҳ̫̫ǽ˷ϣ˾֮·˽֪̫̫ǻһܰ⵹룡
˭û˵úʵҾ˵ͦеġ
Ǵô죿
˾˼̧ۿǣƽѾ˾ڴûپǲˣ㻹̸
ҾԸԳƽƣ
ҶŹ˾˼˾˼ΪѪжû뵽Ҳų˹
˾˼⻰죬͵Ҳǡ
ԣ㲻ǡҶѿڶΪĲ
˵꣬Ͱ
ֱղԣҶƺҲòףĬúȴֻ˵˾䣺Բס
ͣҶӣǰ
͹˾˼˰죬ҾðɡҶ磬Ҳʲôõ˼ˡ
˾˼ˣЦЦ˵
ƽ͵ס
˵ڳϣ룬̾ϢȽŲ㣬ȥط롣
Ӧ˾˼ڳϣ˼Ƭ̣ͬݳľϵȥܸ
ľǡ¶û˶ã˾˼ľϵӣˡ
˾˼ľȥ˰ܸܿ˻Ӧ˾˼Źܼң·ܸʵ鷿
ܸںȲ裬˾˼ܸЦЦұ֪Ҫ
˾˼㶣æͻˡ
£ܸʰڰ֣ɣΪ̵°ɣ
˾˼ܸʵĻλϣ򴽣ͷ̴ˣӦš
ܸʵͷΪˣҺͱ¶
ǽ̷̫λϣ˾˼õǳοǣ
̵Ҫ󡣡
ܸʸ˾˼˲裺Ϊ̫겻ݡҪ󡣡
̫ӽˣ²𣿡
˾˼üͷǱϾһ֮
¡ܸԥƬ̣úڻǵŵù̫ӡ
˾˼û˵˭ԼǸ˭Ҫ͹ʻ˵ˣʻҲðѶԷˡ
ܸʴңûʱ俼δʮǰ֪ѾΪΪѸˡ
⻰˾˼Ȼ̧ͷͻȻ׷ϧһдסݵͼˡ
ܸƽ֪ڼͳ֮֮Ĵ֪ؼûսңݲݱǿ׳֪Ǳ֪ݸոմ󺵶֮ǰսֶڴĵĹ֮ڣ˵⻼ûͬʱսݺ֪
ԣǴס꣬ƽ֪ٻͷʰ̣
˾˼˼ſڣܸʵ˵ͷ̹Ҳţס̫ӣԼһ
Ǳ£Ǵ̶̫ˣ˾˼ЦܸҲЩΣˡ
¹ˣ˾˼̾˿µ˼¹⣬¹о仰Щ治ȴòʡ
˵ɡ
ܸƺ֪˾˼Ҫʲô˾˼ܸʣµ壬ŵù֪𣿡
ܸû˵þú̫ӡ
˾˼⻰ĬƬ̣úܷܴ˰æ
˵
̫һ֮νҵרֻһʦǲ̫ʡܴͬ˵żλ̫
ܸ㶣˾˼¹ٶܴ˾ټҶˡ
ܸ⻰ת˹˾˼뷨̵̫סǸɴʹһ𵱡󳼶̿ܲôϼӷ˾˼ߵȴǻϷأ÷ʲôøС
ʵѡǹ˾˼ǹ˾˼ѧʵò֣ƷȻҲ»ĹŵӣĲȻʢΨһܺ൱ģҲֻͬΪʦӡǰ¿״ԪҶˡ
ܸ룬Ц˵òһͬ˵ġ
˾˼ܸʼгѾ硣صڿӡ
㷭·ӣһ㣬ҶţҶϴС󣬶жޣһ·ָָ㣬һ׷ݷµķ
ҶϺϼһ£Ҷϻͼֽ˱ܵгȥҵרŵˣŵô޸ġ
˾˼ͬҶ˵һҶϴ˼Ժӣ׷Ź˾˼ȥ
˾˼ңǰȥ·º͵ҼҶһͻˣȥ
˾˼Щƣȥܴˡ
Ƿʲô£
Щɻ󣬹˾˼˵ͷ˵һ飬˵棬̾ͻȻǰΪʲôȰҵһ˵ģĺȰһһҾͲôˡ
㱻ЦҲô˵̵ܽģ浱̫˵Ҳ̫Ǹ֮أ
˾˼⻰һȴûж˵ͷȻ࣬ĹεүģǼ
ϲҲٶ̸ֻǵܴ˵ǣǲʳϵ⣿
˵˾˼˵ͷ֮ǰȥݡݡȻݵ⣬ЩǴĵأ㶼⡣
û˵˾˼̾˿δ֪Ȼһսʳǳö⡣
룬ԥȥݺһ
⻰˾˼̲סЦˣϰ£ˡ
֪˾˼˵Ҳû¹Ұͼ飬Ҳعζ
Ȼ˭˶֪ݵ۶һŮˡ
ظΪȥµʱһٸҪжˡ
ĬţҲͶҵõķӲǡ˶ǰߣֵܵعӦʳ
¶롣
˾˼Ц벻Ҳûϵ˸߸ӵĶš
ЦЦƬ̺ͻȻǱճΣ
ȥ˾˼ֵأղµĶٹһҲոʱӦѾóơᵽ˾˼Щˣдţ˵Ҫöࡣ֮ǰҽ˰ҪҪˡ
˼ţû˵Ƭ̺ЦЦº͵ҵǵõʳˡ
һһͬȥԷ
Թ鷿ʼܿܿдš
ڰŽܲᵽͬʱҲںϵ˳ȥݽش
ܿܿͻԱ̸һκ󣬻һģЧʸϺܶ࣬Ҳûʲô˲ĵġ
껨ݵ룬ַԸܿܿȥۺ͵ؼۣͬʱܿܿ׼˺ü׻ݵض׺С
֮ȥҶϣæŷӡ
˾˼ææµµһֱæҹɵЩΣˣǱæ
ȵڶգ˾˼ϳͿҶλϡ
ɫƽ࣬ЩΣҶȿڣЩεաҳ嶯¡
Ҳô˵˾˼ЦЦʵ˵Ҳܲʲô
⻰Ҷۣæ˵ǣˣҸػһЩģ̵̫ɣǼȻס粻Ҫ͸̫պ°ӡ
˵üǡ
˾˼ͷȥܴˡ
ܴʲô
ҶЩ£˾˼̧֣Ҷļϣ֮Ժ°¶ͽˡ
ʲô˼
Ҷüͷ˾˼յĻ˵һ飬Ҷ㶣Ƭ̺ӦһʱЩ⡭ⲻðɡ
˾˼ڰ֣İɣ常ϣӣ»
ֻһ⡣
Сڣ˾˼ҶתͷȥĹ٣ǲǱҴˣ
Ҷ˾˼
˵˹ȵ糯Ȼ˾˼ԤϣΪ̫̫Ҷ̫ٸּ⡣
Ҷûг嶯һʥֻּǳϵǣҶ˹˾˼ҲΪ̫ӵʦͬҶ̡Լλʦһ̵̫ӡ
Ϣù˾˼Щ£ȳ˴̲סҶһ䣺̫ܽʲô
Ͻ֣֪
˾˼Իʲô
һ棺Ǯ
˾˼졣
ѾûжǮˡ
˵ˡ
˾˼һæҽˡô̫ܽ
Ǿûýˡ̾˿ǹ˴˾һɩӹܽŴ̡
㵹˵ûġ˾˼ʲôá
ûˡ
˾˼Цϱ˵²ûȡ
˵˭⻰ʱӣô۸ԣ
Ӵѽ˾˼üͷ
̧־һȭ˹ȥ
˾˼˰壬Ҳֻһζһһˣͬʱģһĸ㶼½ǡ
Щȭٶȸ졣˾˼תǴһ㣬͵ؾײһˣԷг˾˼ȭͷʶһ㣬ȭһȭҵ˶Էϣ
ֻһУǺһƬ
£
˰
ҳһƬ˾˼ŵøϽڵϣǰվһŶɫȹŮӣһֻۣﺬᣬȭͷŹڵϵĹ˾˼һһǡ˭ǹ˾˼
˾˼⻰⡱һ£ʶ͵£㲻Ҵģ


89 
⻰ͻˡ
ƴ˼, Ů, Ĺ
ԱŮæλס˵۾, ŭ·۾𣿳ײ˹, Ͻл
Բסɾڣϵ£¹ٷûע⣬һȭɣԲˣ
㡭ŮҪ˵ʲô, ְ̧סŮ, Ŀȴڹ˾˼, Ƭ, , 㡭ǹ˾˼
˾˼üͷ, ڵ, ¹ǹ˾˼
û˵, Ź˾˼ôֵˣҲЩԡҶ׷˹, ɵ㶣Ůȣ, ˹񣡡
Ҷ⻰ϽŹǹĿڹ˾˼ϣ´ã˾˼Щ̲סˣ¿Ҫ¹٣
˾˼˺죬ƺǹſڵҡҽѡ
˾˼ЩãȻһҶ۾дˡǸʲôѯʡҶãȻԡǸʲôġѯʡ
˫ãȻƬ̺󣬹һ˴ˣ̸һ̸
¡
ŮƺЩģֹ̧֣סŮĻͷСҲԶ
˵ţһ۹˾˼ߵϡ
˾˼ԥƬ̣ڻվߵϡ
˾Ա˲Զѹ˵ҲԱġ˾˼ЩڣվǰС˴֪ˣ
⻰˾˼ʱѣЦЦʲô
㲻õģûʲô⡣ǰǰĸϵܺõġ
˾˼㶣ԽڶĹϵƬ̣ŵµĸ̫󣿡
λǰ̫֧¼λġɱϼ̳ˣǹûʲô¡붫֮Ҳǵ̫֧֣ŵǻƵֻ̫ۡһŮǷ۰ȻĳǷԾסǰҵĵλͳƺš
ѱԼֿʼ˾˼֪˭ȴѯһ⣬·ԶһжҲͷԣ鳣ͬҸ绹ĸ£Ҳ
˾˼˵ͷûж˵ԥƬ̣ŵ֪У֪˴˿дȵ˼
˾˼⻰ѡѱţƺǼϰ߱ţЩŤͷԱߣ򶨵֪˴ңҵȷİ顣
ΪΡ
˾˼ţҾ˾մϹϵɲʲô¡
մϹϵȻʲô¡
ЦЦĸ棬ǾͲһˡĸҲ̫ãξҪͷ˴ӣñܹİӡһĸ֤鵱ȷûкı档
⻰˾˼üͷ̫֤£ΪβЩ֤
̾˿˴ˣûУĲ֤ܲǱµ˼
˾˼ѵ˼ӿĲûвİӣȻһҪ⵹ȻκصˡӵŮĲûʵ֤ǣҲ㹻ûʵ۾衣
˾˼תת׹Ȼָ̫ʹ̫˾˼ӡ
˾˼ѯʵ̫˼ϣ¹ʲôأ
µ󽭴˵İӣͷܵɱԼ𽭴˵İӡˣѯĸĸԻ𡣡
˾˼ѵ˼˵ͷ¹ˡ
˵ţ˾˼¹л
صģæҲӦõġ
⻰˾˼Цº͵ô£ݶ鹫ض˵¹ס
˵ϣҲ˵˿ԱߵŵˣС˴ףҲˣ˴ߡ
˾˼˵ͷѹ񣬱ת뿪ȥ
ι˾˼ˣ˹ؾس˹Ѻͷһ˵ıӰԱŮһֱûŵЦŵĪˣúܡ
⻰ŮͷڻƻҲ֪ԡ
ŮЦû˵ȴҲŭȣתͷ߸ƣЦЦ
˾˼˳˹Ҷͬ˵ʲôˣ
¡˾˼üȴҲ˵ҶüͷƬ̺˼㲻ܶԲ㡣
ɲϹ˵˾˼⻰Ͻͷ͵Һ͹̸Ķ£ɱҺ˵˵Ǳǰ˵˵
㷽ŵ˵Щʲô
Щɻ󡣹˾˼βˣϽԭԭһҶ׹ͷ̫Ҳˡ
粻ģ˾˼˵䣬һҾ˾ˣȷˡҲû˭͵ö˭ã˼Ը֣Ҽǵá
˾˼ͬҶ˵ţҶ˵ͷȴǵ˷ӣ
˾˼û˵Ҳȥ忴ʲôɡ
һл˹˸ҶˢǽŴĹĿ
̣žžʲô˾˼ݣ˵ҼϰЩʲô
СãҪҴһݺͶ͹
˵ţͷлݣȥˣڶȦòҴ㽫ܵǨȥ棬˶𡣡
˾˼˵ţȥһĳԼŵһĥţڶ׷ӣҶϴһ£רųȥ񶫶ովսңȥʹ֮ǰļ۸ڵķۻˣԺ󶫶ָ˹˿ڣǸˡ
š˾˼ġ
̧ۿЩεĶܶҵģһ֮
Ҳǡ˾˼Ͽڣǳġ
Եôֱ׳Ҳƽˡ
ִ̧˴Ķͷͷû˵ˡ˾˼˵˵ҪȳЩģӦӰ쵽ɣ
ҿ˰±»ƶ¡ӣñ
˾˼üͷ˵⻰ûٶ˵ˡ
ţ˽֡ʱ洫ӡվſڣˣаͽ
ùɡ
ͷӡ֡
ӡŰ˹һӣһ˭ģ
Ǹ̫࣬˵ʲôٰһϯϣ˳ϯ
λ
ӣȴ˵ס
Ȼӡ쿪ڵ˵ѹ
תͷ˾˼˾˼ŰƬ̺Ŀ⣬ʶͷ㿴ʲô
Ƭ̺͵طӦ˼۵ûϵҺûаֹϵ


90 
㿴˾˼һֻβ͵èһɵЦˣҶû˵ʲô, ôʲô
˾˼ô˵, ʱЩ, ڨڨ, 񿴵ҷëҲǺ𣿡
ִ̧顣
ûС
˾˼Щί
Ҳͬӡػȥͬʹ˵һҹЩʱջȥġ
ӡӦȥתͷŹ˾˼˾˼۾˶ú, 㡰͡Ц, ˾䡰顱, վȥ¶ˡ
˾˼Žӵ, Ҳð, ֻҶ, ͵͵ȥһ¡
񱻹, Ϊûע, Ҳûʲô̷ӹҲС˾˼˸, ηЩӣһ»ʳ˾˼ŷ
ӵҪ, ᣬûʵʡ˾˼̲ĿĿȥ˻½Ƕʱڵ¶
³һж㣬صģ֮һ棬һҪսİա£طԼӦԤ˻Ҫ¡
ǰ˱˾˼һһʱղ˱վ½ǰ㱨˽
½ȥѾʮͷףͷȴǼáǷµܳһֱܲ˰֮¼ʮܷ꣬ΣŹ˾˼ʵΪ˽½İࡣ
˲ǹ˾˼˾ǰҪʦϾ˵Ҫһ˾˼
νһǸý̵Ķý̵
½ڷǰӦǣͷ·ʲôˣ͹˾˼ûʲô
˾˼Ŀ㱨ϣ½һҳһҳȥͺãҲˣȥɡ
˾˼㶣˵ˣһ͸ЩĿȥ̵ⷿˣѾ׼û뵽½ȥˣ
˾˼ЩãȻ̧ͷ½ɻ˲ȥ̵ⷿ
½˱üͷ̧ۿ˾˼ЩҼû飬Щʲô
˴˹ȻĶЩԱֲ߲˾ЦȴûаЦ⣬ֻǵ½˶ûǹ˴뵽ˡ˴ҪֲҲǰ˵һǡ
˾˼Ļ鷳
½û뵽ȴ뵽ˣ˵Ĳˡ
ĬƬ̣Ц˷ǣģѵһҪһ²Ŷһ£½˵ö۰˱ϾˣֲӣⲻǼû𣿡
˵˭ӣ
û뵽˾˼ȴǰ涼ſھɵЩܻ˾˼һã˵ӣֲ˵㣬㼤ʲô
㡭
˴õĿڲţڻϧˡ
½˵˻˱̧ƽŹ˾˼³˴ʴϻۣ˿֮ģպ󻧲Ź˴ڻʣȥʷ̨Ǽõģͬԣù˴ȥʷ̨ɣ
˾˼½Ļûг
½ӭ½ƽú󣬹˾˼Цͷ˷ˡȷղȥ̵ⷿˣ
ȥ½˴ûʲôϵǲֲ£ȥˡ
¹ס
˾˼¹ٸˡ
˾˼Ҿ뿪ߺޡһ½ʲôǵű³谮㿴𣿡
½û˵վȥ̵ɡ
˵ţ½ɫ˼־棺Ըȥ𣿡
׼ˣ͵ȥ
½ͷ뿪ȥ
˾˼ԼԼߣͷȥԭڿ洫Ҫ飬Ƭ̺߷ߣץֽˣд½֣ˡ
Ϊ˵ʱ䳤Щ¶ҹŴӻ뿪ŵʱȴͬŶˣɵѯŵ̫½˽ղ̵ȥôˣ
ȥˡ
ŵ̫ڰ֣ˡ
˾˼ͷʼվЩ֡
صʱҲŸջܿܿŻݵҶϿʼѰҵ̡װޣæòֺ
˾˼ҹϴŽʱ˵⻰ͷÿʱ˵ԼʹãЩߵʱֱ˭ܵÿ졣¶٣˵࣬ôˣú˵¶ʲô
Թӣ˾˼˽ţпͷӻǧһˡҲ֪ʲôӡ
˵ʲôǮУ֣ɵþǧһ͵ˣ
ԣ˾˼ͷʲôɫ
ܣü˼ϣҲһǧǺƱû̵ء
˾˼⻰￩һ£ͣס˶̧ͷȷ
Բܡ㷭˸ۣ㲻֪ʱҴװǮϴ˶á
˾˼û˵üʲôͷŶһһͬ߶Щ¡
˾˼¶ȵڶգȥ˻ȥ½
½ûʲôɫݵкιɣ
ˣ˾˼Цŵ̵ɻ˳
š½Ӧ˳£
ǧء˾˼ѵһʱ䣬¹û̵꣬ʽտʲôЧ͵ģ
ûС½ϵȥ¶ɡ
˾˼Ц£ȳţ
ȵ磬㵥ټ½ѯʴ˴λ֮£½֮󣬹˾˼˼룬ؼʱͬҶ㲻Ǿű𣿡
Ҷ£ΪĲɳڣʱʱŷһЩ顣
Ҷ˾˼Ļüʲô
Ҹᣬʣ˾˼˿ܱߣǹ⻹жӡ
㲻𣿡
ҶЦ˾˼Ҳֻǵʣлˡ
ҶȻûӦȴҲϣ֪˾˼Ե޹ʾЩڶձͬ˵ǹ⻹ʣǧʡЩˡ
Ҷ˹˾˼˾˼üͷû˵ʲôֻǵȵؼʱҲûߣڻػơŴҶ֮ҹɫϽƵ˹ſڡ
˾˼룬֣⿴練ƣ
ô룬ҲôúҶһ·Сŵˣ嵽Աߡ
ȥ˵ע⣬һ·񱼣嵽ſʱͻȻͱ׳һһץסּ
˴ˣһ׳Ҫʲô
˾˼˼ڰգһЦݣǿң
˵ţ˾˼ƿˣЦλúÿأһˡ
˾˼һһ˵ûзӦϽȥˡ
˼һֱ¶ͬһ汧Թһֹǿ϶è壬½ǻʵǰĳ購ҵ֤ݡ
㿴־ڱصõģɵЦˣڱ˵㣿
ôС𣿡˾˼Ͽڣ˦壬ĥŵֻǾãҪ飬Ҿ˾ˣȻǹؼˡ
˵
Ҿ˾ǴӻġԭѾӳ¥ȥˣҾ˾˶Կⷿ
˾˼˼ţͻȻʲôǲǲμӹ᣿
ǰ
Ӧ˾˼͵ƣ˵ˣȥ½ġ


91 
ⳡˡ
׼ڶձȥϯ
˼ȥ, ϯڳǽ, һƬʵ͸ѹ԰, ʱ, Ѿע⵽ſ½½лȥƽնУǶֻĸƣȥִƽȣϵľڳͷţÿľƶŶص, Ư, ƺҲһıƴ
ϯصſ, 㶼Ŷ, ͨͨ, ȥûκر֮, ҲǱƽ˼ҵһȦ, Щ, ԵЩˡ
ͿС㱻ŴʱҲ᲻ȥ, Сѯһ䣺Ļ˼ң
Ȼ󿴼ͷľϵġˡ֮¶ȻЦЦ, ȴҲ˵
յ⣬üû˵ʲôһûһŷ磬˳档
ӡ֪ԣȽӽſʱӡСˣǽǲǺЩ
ҡӣƽţʲô¶ûоˡ
ӡӦ򶨣㰲Щ
ʵҲЩģǴҲˣĳ棬ֻ˵£һգɻȥˡ
ȴҲ۲ЩŮӵŴ
ЩŮԣʱࡢǮ࣬ǡǶʵһͻֲֻţнӴǵĻᣬŹ
뵽Щ˵ӣǰǷݲͻȻʧˣתһ˵ԾԾԡ
˴ſڣӣӳ˳˶̽ͷ뿴˭
㴩ǳɫĴ̬ݣǰûŮһ۾ܿȫ£ȴûаֵǮĶò毺á̬˷ҲͳССѾĻĹˡ
ټԭϵ֣ٲ˾Ͷ˾䡰ǵؽģȻǵǲ̨档
ŮԺȥϯϡϯλǰŮŵģ˾˼Ϊɣλ㲻õͣλҲǰЩӡŮӣŮЦ㸣˸ӵ¿Իūū˼꣬ϯϵֵ
ЦЦͷˡ
˼Ǽã˵˼䣬ȥ
˼ߺӡ㵽žƣСⶫūţǮۿ
һӡͷҪ˵Щ
ӡƲƲ죬ɨһܱߣ㿴ܷˡܸڳʹȫȨܷ˵λãȻǰšܷ߻һĸ߹ټҾ죬վȥʺܷˡ
ܷ˿㣬ЦЦҲˣչϯȴȫˡ
ЦӦܷкȥ
ʱԭͬЩ˹ϵãЩ˼ͬ³ǽ˻µĲƷֵݺܿҪڶˣЩʦЩƷҴЩߵʱһЩ
Щ⻰ϲЦտҲףаװ͵ġ
ܱ͸ˣΪãҶ޲ȥˣǸ
⻰ЦȻ̹ġһˣܷͬ˸ȥ
ӡЩɻ󣺡һ
ЦЦǱϾڶġ
ţ
ӡЩס
ҡӣһǹ̶ȦӣȦȻͻԶ룬ųܷͬһ˹ȻãҲڲˡ
ӡЩˡ
˵ŻԽԽࡣ
ûúһķŮӾλһ£һԱŮԹŵλôŵģҪŷһ
תͷȥŮɫͣЦЦŮӵ˿Ϥѣ
ǣ
ԷЩɻ򴽵ǻɹ˾˼
Է⻰Ƭ̺󣬱ЦֻЦ˼ּȴǵԭǴ˹˴˵ķˣŲ֪
ǲֲ˾ˣ
ЦгЦҲ֪ġ
Ϊ¾ɣͬųޣҲš
Щޣɫ࣬Ҳỻλõ飬ֻǺġ
˴̽Ϣ˼ͬϵ·ⲼϣӦϺõ˿ˡ
ѩ˿Źӣ˼ҫ֮⣬𣿡
⻰𾪣ǰһƥѩ˿
˺ܸ˿ͬʵҲɣһѩ˿ĲġƤЩֲƤۡ
ĹˡϽעҪõĳеġ
Ҳһɣ˸̧֣𣿡
ʶǣ
Աһλһֱ˵ʵЩ̲סˣ͵Ц
һ˹ȥɻȴЩˣŭЦʲô
Ƿ˰ڰ֣æ͵ֻЩȤ£ĪҪᡣ
Цң˲Ƿ˼״æᣬᡣ
ԱһϷ˲죬ЦŵˣЦЦأˡ
⻰ȴˣЦû˵װûЩ˵˼˵Ļͷůɣ
ӴԱߵЩȣ֪ůأ
㿴ȥɻλǣ
λҶˣ˽͵ʷةҶ˵ӡ
Ҷգ࿴һۣ˵ͷ֮󣬱Ҳٶ˵
˼ӽʼͬҫ·ǸӣˣʱʱǹһԱߵҶ˱˵ϼ䡣
ģӦ֪ݰɣ
˵ţЩڣ㶣ºЦ֪ġ
𣿡
һЩ
ݽ³ǿƽĵܺãԡ
˸˵꣬Ա߷ǶЦ
ɾΪѹ˷ˣҶЦǻݽһ˰ɣ˴˸յϻɣ˵֮ǰҲǾӼûù˷ָˡ
⻰˵˾Цʱ洫ȴˣ˶վѹһ·ͬ˵šǽãɡһ泯ܷ˵˼ȥܷ˵
ˣϯʽʼˡ
Ȧϯݱ࣬Ȥζ㣬Ϥ˸һ˵ϱšϯ°볡˺Щƣͬ½ķ˵ŻͻȻЦƹ˷·˶úء
˾ƣ⻰СϯͻȻͰˣ̧ۿȥЩΣʱ½Цļˡ
˵ţ½˿㣺ˣ˵¶˷˱ϡ
Ա½½Ц¶ܷüͷ˵ʲôһۿ½˵⵹ûʲôģֻţ½˼е˶ã½һǼͰ֮ˡ
Ĵ½˷Ҳ࣬˼ӦҲû˵ãֻǸǴúЩҲᾡľ¶
½Ǻпһ·Ƕӣ½˶ţ½˵ٺһܸ߰ɣ
⻰½ɫʱͱˡͷȲ裬Ҳ֣½ݻЩҵģЩǶ֪˼㲻ʲôŴ壬ȫԸߵգֲ˾ɵĵٺһܸߣһͷЦпˣ·̵ֿһ㣬Ρůѩ˿µ࡭һӣٲ˰ɣ
˲˵ˣĿⶼϡ
ˣǳԺŴ壬Ǯϡ棬ȴʵʵӵײԼĹٶҲ˵ǶӣϾŮ˵ľۻᣬǳͼɱȴûӣһ˫ﺬЦȴ·ŵһ㣬ˣҷǻɣԶû£֪ʲô֮˴ͽһȻһ·û½˸һ̴ӹҲ̫˲ǣ
˲Ӧ
ˣޱȣӭˡܷ˵̱֪Լ˴
½˸Ͻʹɫð亹ãӦǿЦ˷˵ЦˣĶô󣿡
ûУ
Цݺڽ࣬һбǶʮˣһͷֻ̧һȫܲڶǼٵİɣ
ЩҲסЦˣȴǵüѵˡ
Ǻʵ˵ҲЦ˷ˣҲֻܽˣһȷҴģû뵽˷桭ôҼЦˡ
⻰ȻæʵԲס㣬Ҳ֪
˵ţ̾˿ҲǣǮ֮Ϊ˵Ů죬УǸ֣λ˳ããЩ·ţǽͨˣαǿأ
˷˵ǡ
ҧҴˣôᡣ
ҲҴˣæҵġ
һе˷ģǿЦݣЦ
˺ˣڳˣģαôأ˷Ҳ̫׷ˡ
ѿ˵⻰㲻ɵתͷȥŮǼΪģǱΪӸλ˼о
ȥʱҲ˹˶֮󣬾˶ԷƬ̣ȵ˵ͷŤͷȥ
һ˵ĸоһ˲䣬ͻȻܵһģԼ糾ĸо
ָоЩ䣬û˵
ֻûٳ
ϯϣҲ½ʶ˼ˣڲ볡ȥ
紺лЩ䣬ȥЩ١һ룬ͻȻͣˣЩԻôͣˣҪڣͿһ¹ͻȻ˽
˼֣ɵòɾ
˾˼ͬݳ˵ؼҰɡ
նУ˾˼عͷͬҽ¶٣˼ңûڣ͹ţ룬㡣ֱȥɣֵ˼Ц㣬ڰ·ţҵȰȣһһˡ
⻰Ҳ֪ģίҲáŭҲáпҲãͻȻɢȥ򴽿ǰˣЦŵȶˣ
˵òã˵Ҳͦá
أ
գգۣ˾˼Цһֳϣճȭͷ῿ȭͷϣһֻתֽȣļ˵һ㣬ǴЦݵȵòã㲻ڣһҲ쳤ؾá
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лҪ˵ʲôࣿ
㣺Ǯ
̣۶
˾˼ɧ


92 
˵⻰ûа̲ס֪˵Щҡ
˾˼̧, ԼĿڵǺ㻹, 

ЦŻش, ˾˼̽, ŵ·ˣ̽ȥ
㶣Ƭ̺Ӧɵõ˾˼̫ˡ
仰˵̫, ˾˼ƲƲ, ҲûϹ
һ, ˾˼·̽, ˣ
˾˼
Ц, ˾˼ˣ, ˱, ӵһ֮, ˱ҲٳˣƬ̺󣬹˾˼Ϊʲôģ
ţ
Щɻ󣺡ôˣ
ҽ, 㲻ˡ
˾˼濪ڣЩ˵Ƭ, ЦûвģֻһЩ顣
˾˼㲻˵ҲûʣȻ˼˾˼ϴʱ䣬ӡվſһ飺ϯôˣ
ӡ챾ţ˾˼ʣӡæ¶ԭԭ˵һ顣˾˼üţĩˣӡ̾˿˾Ƣ̫ˡ
˾˼Ӧһúøš
Ҳû˵ת뿪ȥ
ԸԺվƬ̣ҲûȥҹԺŹ˾˼վԺɵõӴҵ׸磬ҹվʲô
˾˼̧ۿţЩ£ʿˮ㡭ʲô
˾˼ĥƬ̣͵һˡ
ԡʱ򣬹˾˼㲻ˣЩɻ󣬵˵ǺһȥӦʲô¶ҲûʡˣרŽ˵ҳڻĶȷ
ڻݹ֬ǮѾüٺڼĥƬ̣˯ˡ
˾˼ǰҹģʱԵüΪˣ㲻ɵõȥʲôˣôˣ
˾˼Цû˵ֻ˴˵˯˯ˡ
ʲֻͬ˲ˣҵڻݻǮҪ̿㡣
û¡˾˼ҴҴӣ¶ܣԺݵⲻͺú⣬ҡ
˾˼ô˵ɵôͷ
˾˼ЦЦղǳ˼𣿡
⻰֪˾˼֪¶ˣæ㲻óܡ
Ҳνˣ˵ˣĵȻѾģǲö¶
Ӧͬ˾˼һ˯˹ȥ
ڶϴȥڽµĵ̡ѾʼڷŻ㿪ʼӪҵ
ҶϺһŻҶ˺ܶ࣬ƽȻ˵ǾͷȴڵġѾ˸һԺӣҶôһģʱͱôϲҶϵĸĶרԸԸ
ҶҲݵĵƣӱһ̨סҶϿŻͬҶϽЩ֬ӡͻȻͽͬСˣϲ¶
Щɻͷ˹ӡ쿴ܱߣûˣЦеˣϿɷһ˼ֵ¶
ţ
ҹ˹¥˴¥ϳ·˴ſڡ˵ȥݺݳһ֡
¶ҶЩ㵣ȴǵһʱϺԼųȥĹ˾˼Ƭ̣֪˭ģ
ڻûҵӡЦŵ˵ҹ¶ǲǵõģӭǳˡ
ǣҶЩɻ󣬡涼˵𣿡
ƺдһʫ˶ˡӡǰѹ˵д˸ʲô㴮ůˮͰֲ˿ŭˣġ
ʵˡͷȻأ
ҲûʲôȻˣӡҡҡͷҲ˵ģʷֻ̨۱ֻ۶С
⵹ҲǣĹԱֹɫǹ˵۷׷ˡʷ̨װҲʵΪʷ̨
ûʲôغҲûʣǰ˼Ź˾˼²˼ңվڳȣŹ˾˼
˾˼һɫ֪ãʶһ㵭վס
˾˼Ҷˣȣӹ˾˼ǰޱ߹ȥɾ鷿İɡ
˾˼⻰֪Ĳˡ
ǽ鷿ȥš˾˼վڴ˿ڲ裬ʲôû˵˾˼վһʱĵⶼûˣæģԲ鵽ͷϡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲô̧ۣЦЦ˾˼죬Сͬ˵¶
Ҳ֪
̾˿˼ҲСˣһ仰ͷʹȥΧŹ˼ҵ¶ǰðʧʱͺãڻҪЩǱ˷ɾ˵ˡ
˾˼ͷһѵģûа취ֻܵҶΪá
ס˾˼æøɾҪ¶ġѾȥ̲ˣûʲôв
ȥ̲ˣЩ죬˾˼ͷԣʷ̨˾ӲӦȥ̲ţһ˵ˡ
ʷ̨˾Ѹٵģ
ⳬԤϣ˾˼˵ͷʷ̨Ҷ常¹ţ˵¶ǼģǱһ׷ӣֻҪ鵽̰ۣΪֲɣ̵ⷿͳ˱Ҫʱ͵˶ǰĲȻҪҾ˾ˡ
һȦƵԶúˡ
Щп˾˼ЦЦƵòԶΪʱ±»ǶġϾһĲ
˵ͷ˾˼̧۴Сһأǹ˰ɣ
Ժô³ç̾˿´ξͱˡҪͽȥģȥ鷳ʲô
˾˼Цû˵ĿϣһϵĶĿ⣬Ƭ̣Щ˼ˣϽøȥɡ
˾˼Ӧתȥſڣ˶ٽŲ㣬С㣬Ҳ۸ġ
϶˶٣СӦһ֪ˡ
˾˼ţȥҶרҵҶ
ҶҶüˣר°˾˼ͬ˱裬㽫Լ½Ļ˵˳ͬҶǧһˣôܣбȻè塣
Ҷ⻰˿ڲ裬ǰĿģ
ǰ˾˼Ҷüı飬Щ֣ġ
ǧ򣿡
ǧ򡣡
Ҷһ֪½ͬ±Ƕ٣
˾˼㶣Ƭ̺Ȼ׹𾪵ұ٣
ҶҡҡͷҲ֪ô˵¾ˣһֱΪǰʣǧǧҲˡҾǵģ£֪ǧˣ㣬𣿡
˾˼룬¼һ־ģǧҲ֪ˡ
˼һͻȻ½ıֵĵ֪ǧ֪ˣվ½ˡ̵ʱһǧĿԵˡ
Σ˾˼һͬҶʷ˵һس顣
סҶͷƽ͵İɡ
Ҷ͹˾˼İʱһͣ½ţһ̽ͳ洫ӴЦȥ½ˣˡ


93 
½յӣġ塱, üͷ
Ǹ, ͢¶׼˼, ҿھ˵
½뵽¶, ԥƬ̣˽˽
̴źɫ̽·ĻͷڣСȴתȥʢװ̲ʶ½ȴҲ֪ġ
վ, ̫ͬ
½顣
ЦŻ, ½к, ̴½鷿, Цŵ½ȻǸ߷, 鷿ü, ҹȥʶĹԱ, Ǵһ
̫ȥʶĹԱ½̵˲, ЦЦ¹ȥʶˣҪŲ, ٻڼֻ
˵ţָǽһƬհ֮Цŵ¾, һϵɽˮͼã½أ
½̵Ļɫ䣬һڣú̫˵Щôأ
½飬ģЦЦ̲αҴأ
½˵̿ϣûв͸ǽ⻧Ĳֲ͵¶ɣѾǹǰλãһʲôúܡ֪Խ࣬ʱµþԽࡣ
̿½Ų豭֣ȥ豭˳º͵½ˣؽšҽŻġ
̫˵Цˣ½ɫ򶨣˽̲ʲôϵ
½ˣۣǲײĲᣬϻ˽̿¶Ҹ˵ҪǾûҪҪҵһԹЩôϻģ
Թֻǿⷿһأ˵ֶ˳½ɫڱˡ
̼½ӦЦ½ˣǿԿϲ̸˰ɣ
Ҫ
½ڳ̸˵½̬ȾͶˡҽ½˽ˡ
ʲô
ؽ̲¶һģûô죿
ô֪һᱻ飿½üͷ̳°ͣ˿ѵ˵˵˿⣬һֲ˾ɵķܴů񡢴Ʋ˿Ϊʲô
½û˵̽ӽŵܵи
ⲻġ½侲̫Ը¶ˡ
½˲ô⣬Цŵ뷨ʱ˵ǿⷿ˽˾ˣˣͽˡǣ⻰ţҶʷ𣿡
ֹҶʷʲô£½üͷ̿ϣ½ЦһҶʷֶҶҶ˾˼ǹĺѣ˾˼ĿˣΪ˾˼ķ˵ķϯ˳ͻ
Це½˾ãҶʷΪʲô
⻰½ɫͱˡ
˵ֻץǼ򵥵С¶ǹ˾˼ڱƣȻüȥ
½һʱ֣˼ãڵ̫Ȼ֪½ĳѴձȻб֪̫߼
Ҳûʲô߼
ЦŵһѣĳᣬҲ֪뷨веͨ
̫˵޷
½̣̺˿ڲ裬Ｋ䰲ϡҶɳɳ֮Ⱥ˲裬²豭̲¿ڣܸҸ˱ġ
½û˵̿˾˼Σ
½üͷ˾˼ûЩǲ׵ɡʱ˷ֿѶ׾¶š
ǾͲ󡣡
̹Ͽڣ½㶣ʶȻ¹ӣܲ󡣡
⻰̧ۿһ½Щε½ˣҲ𣿡
½ɫ䣬֪½˼˿ɫҪˡ
˵ţվƽ½ˣȻȥˣ£˿˸´ţЩ¶˲㶯ֵģ̻عͷ½ºЦЧ͡
Ҫʲô
½̣ɫ˼ŭźСȣ½ˣһˣڶסҵ˼½ס
½ĬƬ̣㶮̵˼
λѾף̫ǷȨ֮ƣ붫γȨ֮ƣ
ҪڶƬѿӷֻǸСٿʼ͵ŷıʿ½ĵһ
ú½˼Ҳ̫
ʲô
͹˾˼ʲôԹ
⻰ЩͷԹ
⻰Ц½ˣҪɱǳԹ
̻عͷſӣסǣ·ʯͷ߿ѡ˵Թ룬ӦԹҲŶԡȻԹңܵҵѣǾֻܵˡ
½û˵úӦˡ
Ҫ°æ𣿡
ü½ɫƽҪһ档
̡һ
ԽԽá
á̵ͷһ롱ĶǾɡ
½㶣Ƭ̺˳ȥŵĲ裬½ڵ֪ҽҹߣ
̵Ц½ˣؾЩ˵ţ豭Ƶ½ǰȲ衣
˾˼峿ѵú硣
ҹû˯ţһֱ¶
ĥһ£ȥ̲רſڶҪһӡ
װǮԶɵЦŵǾ˼ˣҲǮʱˡ
˾˼ﺬŽӣһۡ
ӣǮŵүȥɴ¶׼ôɣ
ЦǮӹϣ߸˳š
ȹ˾˼ţӡ룺үôˣСƵġ
áЦŵҰͲһĺԡ
ţľϱ㼱ææ˽
ٷˣľϳżٷˣˡ
عͷüʲô
ٷˣľϴŴ̲ˣ̲ſڣѹӴˣ


94 
⻰ɫʱ, ȥ, æ̲˵ģ
˵һй, ľϸ, һһû˵ˡ
㵽ǰ˾˼Ѿˣſھ˹˾˼ЩƵ㣬̵ɩӣڡ
˵, , ̵ȥҶ硣
óϵ˹, ͣڲԶ, ſҶҵԶԶ, æľȥ, ԸҶӵһˡ
ľϼ˹ȥ, Ҷҡ ⻰, ɫʱȥæ̲˵ģ
˵һй, ľϸ棬һһû˵, ˡ
㵽ǰ˾˼Ѿˣſھ˹˾˼ЩƵ㣬̵ɩӣڡ
˵ˣ̵ȥҶ硣
óϵ˹ţͣڲԶſҶҵԶԶˣæľȥԸҶӵһˡ
ľϼ˹ȥҶҵҶ̽ͷ˵˼֮󣬱ͬҶʷ˹
ʱ֪ãֱӵǳʲô£
̲˽˼ˣҪ˵Ǻİйء
Ҷ⻰Ƭ̣ףճӦ˵£³ȥ̲̽ȱ𼱣ڼеȴǸж
ͷл
ȷҶ£֪ҶճҶϳԼͷ뿪
ȵ˼̲ȥ̲˸Ǯ̲˴һ
̲ǮҲ˵ǲֻ֪˵˵չЩ
ڼѰ¶ҶȥţһֱϢù緹Ҷڻˡǻ̱վӭ˹ȥżӰ㼱ææôˣ
ȱ𼱡
ҶȸԼ˲裬Ǳżܶ࣬æ¶˵ˡ
㶣վˣģ
ҶһۣЩΣôûͷûһ䣬ôף˵ɡ
Ҷ²豭ɫİӣ̲֮ͬʱм˷ˡеȷ˴ӣԺöҲǲƣƽֵϼеΪڣ¶ֻǲ²⣬ԼûУֵɽˮԶҲû鰸
Щ£Ҳ¡ڣҶͷȷˡʵֻ̲ͨͬ常˵һ常⵽̲ȥкʷ̨ϵİӣ̲й˼ɣ̨񣬲ĽΣҲδ֪
ͷţҶһڲ裬Ȼҹ֪ΪʲôͻȻ̲֮С
̧ۿҶ˼кιϵ
ǱɱģҶʱץ˸¶䣬Էƹгı
ˣȭͷЩ࡭
̲ס̧֣͵Ʒһߣŭ͸ˣ
𼤶Ҷվæοݾ˼ֻҪǾҵ취
㲻˵ȭͷٴϢ
Ƭ̵̺ҪҵȷİΣ
԰æҵ֤ݣ̲ǵطͺһȴʮӣ˴ô죿
Ҷû˵ĬƬ̺ڵ¶ǲعܣȥ취
̧ۣǮҲҪһ·
⻰Ҷҧҧȥ常
ȥܴ磡̿ڡͷȥܴ磬ܴ̽̽˵Ŀڷ磬ȱȥҾ˼ô˵
ú󣬷ͷжȥ
վſڣͬľϷԸһǧȥҹϵΣһҪ˼һ档
ľӦȥȵʱ֣ľ˽ͬˣҵһˣǽҹ䣬Ѿֺˣǻڽźãȥļһ棬ʱ䲻ֻ̫һӣΣ
á
Ͽڣ𣿡
ʹ䣬˵ͽȥãǼʣǵǮüʱǾװװӣΪѡ
⻰ڷ
׼ޱһϵҪõȵԼʱ䣬İ£ڼ˹˾˼
˾˼˯øˣû̺ӣηţǽƺ˯ú
߹ȥ˼
˾˼㶣Ƭ̺͵ط㣿ô
ͨ䣬㼱˵㻹ûй̣
˾˼ҡҡͷߵǰżţ㽫ȥͷ鿴һ濴һ㱻ߣҾȥҶ磬Ҷȥˣ˵ͶˣͶ˵ָʹġ¶û꣬ǣңôȱԼǮͨ䣬ͽ㡣
˾˼û˵ͷۣһҪ޲޵Ӽûˡ
˵̧ۿô˵
룬˾˼Цװº͵ôȥԸ˵𣿡
㶣˾˼˼ִɵģ̲סЦǿɲ
ʲôʱˣŹ˾˼ĻʱίҲάֲס侲žžાᣬŭ֪һ˶㣬㻹˼Ц˾˼ûӻûĸΣҵ𣿡
Ļ˾˼̾һľȥڻ
ľӲм䣬ȴǾã·ͻȻҵƵġ
˾֣ʵҲʲô˵ʲôһӵ˾ã˵ʲôʲôҪ
㿿ҭŵ֪Ҵʲôʲôøָ·
ף˾˼ḧıģЩ˱ض½һε϶ʮ־޴½Ļţżҳ֪һжð졣
š㿿ƽ࣬Һʲô
ȱˮ½ңһһҪ̲ͨˣңһҶ˵壬ֹҶʷ˰Խ࣬Խӣӡ½ô˵ͱ˵Ϊˣ֮꣬ҲҪȷҰȫΪ飬ල̲Ϸ˰
á
Ӧ˾˼룬ŵڶ£˿ͻƿڣǿָʹɱ֤ݣҲ̰ۿ֤ݣǲʲô֤ݣǶҪױµ˼
µ˼
Щף˾˼̾˿ǵø벻뱣½
һһⱣǻѰӷͱʱǻΪ˱סƵͷ̨ϵڶ֮ǰǵø¶½̬ȣ뱣ǲ뱣
½ˣ⻰ʱ»뱣𣿣
㣬˾˼οЦλ߱УûеߡǸ


95 
û˵
½ӷֻǸʱ͸ŷǰôʮ, ˵½˱, , ûеһرز, ½һֻ۱һۡ
׹˾˼˼Ƭ̣ӦǱ˼Ҫô죿
´Ǳ˼ǾͲ鰸뷨ȥ롣
˾˼ϿڣҪģȸҳһˣ»СС», ҪҪȥ½̸, ҵһ̸г, 취½ѻˮߵ뷨
˾˼ĬƬ, , ŵ½, 뷨
½ˣüͷ, ½, ˣ
˾˼˵ͷ˼ŵŽֱӱɱ, Ȼ޻ҡôɴɱֶΣ½½ԸȴŻ뾡취̳, ʵʲôûôɱˣҾãһǸˡ
½ô˵˱ãȴǸһЩ
˾˼˵ţ룬Ƭֵ̺ҲҵĲ²⣬ģҪԼȥ
ס
ͷ˾˼ֽ֣½еľ˵һ飬˵ʱ˽Ц˷ˣʱ䵽ˣٶˡ
˵ͷͬģҵ뿪
Щ
䵹ҲʶȤת뿪Ȥ뿪ˣתͷŹ˾˼򴽣ڵˡ
˾˼סĲᣬš
ģҧҧվԼٿˣȥת뿪û˾˼ͻȻס㡣
æͷ˾˼ǰ̽̽ӣ˫ץľϣлͬ˵
˾˼ӣæת˵š
˾˼ģû˵ֻס֣֮صͷס
㶣˾˼㣬Ҳײˣ¸𣬵պٲȫ
֡
Ӧֵ꣬ˣС˼Щ¶ϣû׵ġ
˾˼ǰͷЦ£ôͲˣ
˵
ִ̧˴Դ˾˼Цˣջ֣ҲûŹ˾˼úСˡ
ι˾˼ûȥɡ
˼
ȷ˾˼˵Ļм٣ڹ˾˼Ĵģ½ԼãָʹĿԸЩ
½˭½Ѿǳ͢飬Ĺٻָܹʹģܸܲʡ
зȥָֽһˡ˼һ·һЩ̫йܸʣȴһ˿̫ˣ̡
Ȼûʲôֱ֤ݣǹ˾˼ˣỶȸԾģһˡ
һֲݵ£ݳģǺ̶ҪмֹڣҶˣⱲӶܺʲôתء
Ȼ֪ΪʲôȶֵĹ˾˼˵ö½Ź˾˼ѵģͷһˡ
Ŀ꣬ȥţͬʱϵǼ
ڶ˼£ĵݣζסġ
ţҲûͬףֱӵ˼ʲô˵ģ
Уϵܴ磬Ǳߵ˼Ϳˡ


96 
㽫˾˼Ļͬ˵һ飬Ǳ׹˵ͷ, Ӧһȥұ˵, Ƿġ
Ӧ, ̾Ϣŵˡ
Ҳûٵ, ¾ȥܸʡ֪ǻҺʵʱ빬ҲǺܵģԼ˹˸
ص֮ۡ󣬽ʻһ˶ţݣʻæ˼ˣ
л𣿡
׷ѯ, ˵ͷ, ʵش̲ͨ, ʱ˼̽ʥ, ҲѾܼ, Ǳ㰲ȴ, һἰʱ̽Ϣ, κ, ͹˵
ĻĽ˼, ڵҺʻЩţȥʶ˰æɡ
˶ٶƬ̺, ŽӵͷҲϣ̲վ˼ҪԿ࣬ҲҪȥ˵ʲôױµ˼˵Ҳ١
һú˶ЦԸϷˣͬ˵Ҳ̫ˣ˼ҲǱ³購ܴ˵ĵɽܴ˲ôµģҷİɡ
ô˵ҲǵͷϳԷ˭ûܶ԰ڡһٷԵ쳣ѹ֣һһĥȳ극ſվһ˹ͬ˵˳ȥһȥ˳֮ǰҶϢ̣˳Ǹؤл͵һȥ̩ݣ̩ݵоϸ´ʦ
ԸϺվſڣû˵һֱ̲ķֱӡ컽ŷӦӡģˣҲˣȻȥϢһ°ɡ
ҡҡͷֵȥ￴
æʱ򣬻Ѿڶ˵꣬㵽˵ݵĹںϴţ㣬Ҹ˵ˡ
ЦЦȥһµ
񶫶ĵ̣ҪҶڴܿܿæȥǢ̸ݷֵˣ֮ͬҶѯŽ״ҶĴţޱ꣬ͬҶϵ˵ͷˣȥ̸˰ɡ
ҶӦ˽˱˹˱С
СõΣҶϽ˱ϣ˵ƣȥһӡ
㡰šһûж˵Ҷ˳ȥŹϵͻȻ;÷ǳȡط·һ˵ıܷۣЬϣ̱ڻ
ʵ˱ѾˣҲǽ˻ûǹ˾˼˴¶Ҳһ̣ԼСʱڲЩȫС
С꣬ӽգ㿪ʼ⧲㱧̣۾˸С
Ҷ˻˽źλãʱعͷŷӡ컹վſڣߵſڣ˿ŵĵƣС㻹û
ӡҡҡͷҶü춼ˣӦôʱŶԡ
룬ҶֵԹ𣿡
ûôӡ
ӡ̾˿ҶС㣬ȥȰȰɣү¶ġ
ҶϳĬƬ̣ȥ׼һӣͽȥ
ӡӦҶſվƬ̣ӡ˾ӹҶϽ˾ӣţûӦ㾶ֱŽȥ
ӣ̣˯ϣͷ῿һǣ˿ȥСС
ҶվƬ̣˾ӣȥԱȡһ̺ӣϣԱϳ˲һԾšúԺѹҶһԿ飬æЩ㱵ʲôʱˣ
ʱˡҶЦЦƹȥ㣬º͵ӡ˵ûԶȳЩɡ
㿴ǰӣţƬ̺̾˿̷ϣӣˣһӣҳˣҲ
ҶЦˣ˯һܳЩҶϾ˴˵¶ҴӸ˵ˣʵ¶Ҳ̫ģܴ˺常˴ݡٲҲ٣ôŮˣ㾭̣Ҳܺãֳ̼иչǣҲִҪȥ١˵ǣ
ҶȰ˵ȴûаɶɫƽϲŭԼͷСС׳ӣú룬̾˿ʵҲ֪¶ʲô̫⣬ܵԼ
ǰɣΪԼ׬ǮˣΪԼѾˣЦһ£Σʱ򣬾ԼܡȴͻȻ֣˵ĸо
ҾԼرܡ𣬡Ǯйõģ㿴˼ź˵ҪǮȥһ£ȴ֣ʵҲûǮˡ
Щʱ䣬լӡǨ̡´㡢ר̲ͨǮ
̧֣סͷЩʹôأʡʡЩǮҪõġ
ҶϾţúô죿
ݷֵǮû͹ȥҴ㽫ⲿǮó
ѹڶͷϣû̧ͷȿ˵ɡ
Ҷû˵Ƭ̺ŵǰЩʱգҴʹ˼ҵլԺ
̧ͷҶϣסŵլӣ
Ҷϵ˵ͷŵ֮ǰլԺſң˵ԭǲϲլӵģˣϲõլӡ뻨Ǯ
Ĭ˼ţҶģȥԣ
ûߵһҡҡͷңҰլӶˣǸģȷһţѶĵá֮ǰ׼ʳҲ˳ʱȥ̸һ̸ܲܵѺǰǮ
ҲģҶ򴽣ȥ常˵˵ܰæġ
⻰̧ۿҶϣҶЩɻƬ̺󣬲֪ģͻþЦˡ
ϽҲôչˣЦųΪҪСƢһӵġ
Ҷ⻰ЩΣ̾˿ܻ䣬ҲΪҪСһӵġ
վǳˡ
㽫˱õƽ͵Сʱųʲôӣȴ֣Լ벻ġõǣ̧ۿҶϣЩ˼Цǽá
ҶЦЦû˵ȴЩˮ
һСʱ飬վ˳ȥȳ֮˲٣Ҷϱʵ
û˵úڵҴȥ̡

Ҷ㶣̲ס˼֣ʲôĪΪ˴ˣ
Ӳ˹ϵƽʵ̽̽ɡ
ҶϼɫƺѾ˵ģҲ֪Ȱֻܵ˰ţұ㲻ٶ˵ˣԼаվͺá
ģ֪ҶڵתͷҶϣаš
ҶϵҶſڣ㿴ҶϽҶҴţջӣ³ӡ쿴ˣæˣʲôţ
ȵŰɡ
ƽȥݺ̩ݵ˻
˯һҹڶ峿ƽࡣ˼жܹ˹ʻͽᣬһ󣬾ʹŹʻͽһȥ
δһ˼ұæ˲ڣʻΪѣֻ˽﹧ｻ˹ȥ
»ţ˾˼̲ѹС˺ܶ࣬ÿֻǱ󣬵ҲûйΪѡ
ӻѹ˵գܸʿʱ򣬱ǡҶԼҶ常Ҷһ˹㿴ʵۿڷΡ
һ빬ʱڶˮ鿸ѧſϴ࣬Ҳ·ʲôûһѧ
ףˮ鿵ҲһƷ˿ϣԱСܶЩٵ̫
ֹ̧סվߵˮ鿱ϣȴǵܸʽˣ
Էû뵽ֱӲ³£Ƭ̵̺ͷҶʷءСҶһ빬ˡ
̵ͷʾԼ֪ˮ鿣׵ϣС¡
Щͷ˰̵֣ͷڷߣ£ܴ빬״ˡ
⻰͵һ飬ֱ
ʱҲˣ̵ܸʽˣ
ǣЦŵǸ˴ˡ
ұŻˣ
һ̵Ⱥ˽ᵳӪ˽̿Ҫ飿Ҿ֪˾˼ûôı£϶ܸں͹ȥøǵɱΣǹ˾˼һͲǺˣֻɫ뵱٣øնԴ
һ˵ţһ˸ݣҪ뿪̸æϣ˼ͻȻתͷ̫ͲعȥˣȥΪɿˡ
⻰̾˿мֿɬʲô˼ֺαصҲ֪ºʱ΢ȭȭ֮ġ
㲻õģַ̧̼ϣΪ֪һΪıˡ
л̧һ̧񣬸пеΪҳȻ΢Ҳ֪Դˡ
һʮָˣ̼İɣбһգͲ㱻Щ۸ȥȥǵóѡ
˵꣬żҴ뿪ˡ
˼һǰһֻǷԽöܸ࣬ſڼ˴񣬾Ϳ̨ף˴󺰵ʣҪҪ˵ʣ
ܸʺҶĶһۣʶͣס˲ӣƬ̺󣬱ﴫЦꣿ
ʣƺҵˣʱȴǼٵ˵˼ڳĴ˰˵ûǧƫƫЩ鳼һһ˾˼첻Ժڳ͢ʲô΢ſԣ
⻰վŵĸɫ̫ÿſڵŵ̫æͷװʲôû
ƺЩΣ˾˼ӻûжۣĶЩ
ʣ㲻ǲ˾˼ɣ
һ⻰ʱ¶ʲôģ˾˼ǸӵܾҷǰݣۿǮӣʲôˣ˵͵⣬Ҿš֪˼ֳɼ¶Ҳ÷ָءǹʲôǼҵĲֿ⣬ǼǮӣһӣǾǼūţūŴǮǮūſҪô룿
񣡡
˵˵̲סŭȵ˵˵ʲô
ʲô˵˵
Ųӣʵ˵ҾͰ˵Ҫ֪ʲôоʲôΪ𡣽Ҷ˵ĸҲø
⻰͵ȥſڣܸһˡ
㶣Ƭ̺ɫǵͨ죬Ҷ񣬹¡
ҶĿͷǺҶҲܸһ£˵
Ҳѿæһ˽ȥ̫˴š
ʣôˣԼλã˰죬ڵҲһǿЦˡ
ܸû˵Ҳ˵ֻз񡰺ߡһϲǡܸʸ˲裬ĿǺͷͬ˵¶Ҳ˵ˣȺȲɣĥĥʱ⡣
֪ܸ¶ͬ˵ͷӦһȥܸҪͷ˵æҲߡ
ȥ
ڶŭ˽ȥҶıҶǳȥ
ֻʣˣܸʸԼӣбǣ˲裬̾˿Ϊʵۣ۸ûôȹˡ
Ų豭ЩΣЦˣСӲ£ȥ
ܸû˵˿ڲ裬ú֪ЩŲҲ˵ˣСˣҲʮˡ
ĬȥܸתͷŴſڣЦŵʮʲô⾰ѾʼҺڵѪнʿ⣬ʮ꣬ͬ˵СҲͰˣͬ˵һʮ̫ǻСܸתͷŷЩεβȥ
û˵ú豭һȥһԺ˼ףҾôһӡ壬ܸʵ̧֣ۿܸʣպʲôϣ㿴ҵϣ󡣡
ܸû˵ŷþúЦٱͷһ£εʵﵹҲ
ʼǾ
Ҫò
˶û˵˵Ҳˡ
ϴܸ࣬ʿǰЩʣ壬ʵҲף㽲ʲôҲͲˡǸӣΪֵܵĶԲס㣬ҲΪѣҡ
̸Щˡ
ܸʰڰ֣ˣЩδ¶Щһ죬Ҿܰȹһӣ˵ߵñأ
ܸЦЩ¶Ͳ˵ˣ˵˵˾˼¶ɡ
̧ۿŷҪأ
⻰˶ٺ¹ɡ
˵ţ³Ϊ˾˼Щͻ˹ءûʲô̰֮£ǱԩȻᲹˣɷǾ
ܸû˵Ƭ̣շµĲǹ˾˼أ
㶣̧ۿܸʣǿЦʲô˼
ҵ˼ǣܸ˵ף˾˼ոλɣ֮ǰδ̤㶫ξһֲ˾Ϊ£·һʿڷжͣ
ĬܸһҾ˵˰ɣѾôգȲ˵ֲµ̬ȣһԲʲô
ѵ£ȥ½
壡
ܸʳĬһƬú󣬷̾˿ַ̧½̲ȥ飬㲻ҪˡǺ͹˾˼ǣ̫Ҷҵ˶˳ȥ
ܸʾţ̧ͷܸʣȻֵܣҪסǾǳ
ܸ⻰裬һڣվ뿪Լλãߵǰߵףּ
ȭͷܸվת˳ȥ
ȳţܸһ·е˹㳡ҶǺҶվ̨ǰܸʣҶתͷô˵
ǲٹˡܸƽҪ½
Ǿ˼ô죿
Ҷ͵ͣ²ӣ𾪳üͷȳ´ӳ顣
Ҷ˼˵ͷһ˳˹˹ſڣܸʺҶĸ˸ԵǺҶŸԳҲ
ͬȥҶĺҶ˶û˵ҶһֱȭͷͷҶı۾СƬ̺ڣܴ˶˵˲ܹܣҶҵȷٲˡ
סҶɳơ
Ѱ࣬Ҳ御ǸΡ
ס
֮Ҷ۾Ŷֶ
ҶɫۣųڹٳҲд꣬ȴԾһ㣬ûа֮
ҶľúҶƽ͵ȻףкηŲ£
常ҶһۣҶģҷŲµ壬ҷŲ꣬ҷŲ¶塣
Ҷɫƽһ˫̶Ҷɫһˮº͵ˣȴ·ǵȼƻ
ҽ֪ڹ˾˼ȴŲʣΪԱ֪ҷŲµĵ塣
˾˼֪ʮ֮꣬ͬ꣬ѣ֮־֮ңͷҾơѵԳϴңֲཻҷŲµꡣ
֮ѣǹ˷˾϶ˮΧǹ˾˼ƴǾȳаգҲµˣҷŲµĶ塣
ڵڸ飬ڶ壬Ҷ÷£常ңкηŲ£
Ҷû˵ҶúЦˣˡ
˵꣬̾˿ͣӣº͵Щˣûǰȥ
⻰Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ҶĿ°ͣȻŲ£ȥҶʲô㲻Ҫǰ̣ȴҪҵǰ̡
常˼ǡ
ҶЩţҶĻֵɡ
Ҷ⻰æЦˣϽͳŹ˼ҵķ񱼶ȥ
ܼҵҡҡλΣһ·ܸƺȥܸ·
·
ЦЦܸû˵Ƭ̧֣֮ǵļ
ʲôû˵ȵ˹˼ҲԶܸͣԼҪȥԼȥɡ
ǹ񣬱˼ܸͻȻӣǵ֣Ƕ
ǻعͷܸʣܸʿǰʮͷˣĿãͻȻҶӡ
㶣ܸͻȻЦͦġ
⻰ӿں䣬˶ᣬžܸʵ¶ˣݰɣˡ
һ䣬лֶȥǿ΢Цס
ЩСƨܸ̾˿ʲô
˵ܸ꣬ʷ³ˡ
ǿܸԶߣЦƬ̣תͷ˼ȥ
ߵſʱҶպϵͣ½ŲƬ̺󣬾㶼Ц
ˡҶֲ̧ǵͷӵҲ⡣
һ˹˸ʱͬʻһ
ܸ˵ĸۡͳȥһѣյвյģΪҲûҪֻ̫࣬ϣЩ˹ؼʱܿԼ䣬أҲˡ
˽Щ֣æôˣ
æ̵ǴˣһҪ½ġҸҶ˶ѾˣǱˡ
ܱ⻰ɫ̳ʲô˼ʵ۵ά̰ݺ
Ҫ˵Ҷ˹ȥתͷ㣬̵ȥ̲һˣһȷ˼ûʲô£ֻˣͬ˼һ飬ӱǺá
Ա߽ӿڣҪǲУǾͽˣ
˵˵Ҷ߳ȴǵ浽һҲûʲôɡ
⻰ҶסˣǸȴǲ̫ġ
룬µҹǾȥҾ˼
˵꣬ľϹȥ̲䣬ǰŸʱ䣬Ǽ̹ȥ
ľӦȥ˳˷׼ʳк·鱾īֽһӦȫ
ԱҶʰɵõôණȥʲô
ÿҪչ˵㡣
Ҷ⻰ֿʳУΥĵҲͦġ
׼һк󣬵ȹʱҹ٣˹ȥ
˶Ѿͨ˵ġСҲܴ̫ʱ䣬ȥǳ˵ǧҡ
Ҷǡͷǿһܱߣ̾ϢǮʹĥǮЩҲǲġ
ⱾЦˣȴ˵òպҵ׬ǮǡҲˣҪģΪ
ںˣ
ߵͿĹ˾˼
˾˼η޵ĴͰңûʲôζŸɾͷҲʮ룬˱μǣýζż߽˾˼Цŷ飬˵ˣ˯ġ
ǵ˯ˣŹ˾˼ηʮָӵҿιò
ȷҶͷҹúöˡ
ϰ壬ԱͬЦŵϹأȥ
ЦЦӣ䣬򴽵л
Ǯ˳ȥʳйȥæȲ˵ҹɳ˶Ҹ˶ֵĴƤѼȳţҶ㽫˵˵һ˵һԣұˡ
һ˺ǰСޣҲʱ䣬Ҷھ͵常ܴˡ
û˵꣬ʹѯ£ôʱ˴ˣ˴ط̽ӵİ
ͬ㵽Ǳȥ
˵꣬˸ߴ˸غáɿʳвصһԵڼ֮У洫˽Ųѵº˴ҲǹʽԽ̽һҲ࣬ף
ףæСʮӣСҲҶ졣
˵Ż˹˾˼ηǰ˾˼հѼ£ɵ˴ϣķӲɾ죬װ˯
ηǰ˾˼˶ٽŲ͵˹ȥץסηľ˶Ϊ֮һİ֮ߺɣɻãɣ
⻰㱧ʳУڸʶ㣬ͬ鿴һ۹˾˼
ողĹ˾˼ڶݵľ㶺ʼ֣̿ĪĿ־֧£άֲסκ͵תͷŭȳö˶һҺʲôأҹ˴ˣ
ѣ
ڰˣ
ڼ㲻Цݡ
е㽾
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
лҪ˵ңأˣ
С糡
īףʲôںǳ⹫
˾˼


97 
˾˼ķӦ㶣ƺҲЩ, һ, תͷͬȥɡ
ʲô֪, ͵͵еһ, תȥ
ȥתͷŹ˾˼Ҷ˵˴˵ɣ˴˾ʶʶһЩ俴ȴ뾪ŵ˴ˣ¡
˾˼һЩ, ΢˾, ȴǲ˻, ֱӵ, кιɣ
Ź˴, в, , ˵, Ĵһ£ЦЦ˴ûʲô, Ҳͷˡ
˾˼üͷƬ̣ôʱ˺˵̫, ʲôֱ˵
ƺû뵽˾˼䶼Ƭ̺󣬵ҲЦŮ˻֣Ůȥתͷ˾˼ԥƬ̣˵˴ѣȥĸĸұ̽Ϣǲ̫롣¹˴޷ǧ˼룬ֻһ㷨ӵķӣҲ֪˴ǷԸ⣬ҹ˴˵һ˵
˵
˾˼̧ʾѼɫȫ˼ɫ΢죬ͣƬ̺˴Ӧ֪˳ǻҲĸ֧֮ΪĳȴԾɱĸҵλãҲǸ档ǻ֮󣬱¾͸ҺĸһƣǻҾ죬̡λ
⻰˾˼һʱûӦ˵ʲô
ҵ˼ǣҲί񣬺Ϊİ䵽ͷϣҲ̫ģΣҲ
⻰һĸȫˡ
˾˼ѣƬ̺͵طӦæ£˵
ҲǶŪ㡣Ѽǰһ¸ľ˾˼Ҳо˻֣̿ǰŮ˷·һֻޣһ뵽Щֻʣ£ˡ
תξܾѵĴǣȴȿˣ˴ˣʵ֮ǰұ֪ˡĸǵһ£ѳɷޡ
˾˼ϽֵܵģûǶܵģҸʲ𣬵Ϲ˵ˡ
˵˼ѵݰ㶼֪𣿡
֪˾˼ϿڣʹԸ𣿡
㶣˾˼Ҳٹ˼̬˫һ̣㿪ʼŵ£Ĳ֪Ҿ˾ôģ֦Ҷ䲻Ѿˣûʲôܣͱ˼ˡԸĳһѣǹĳмκԺĳҲͶұһЩеûĵ뷨Ȱס˾˼̧֣ⱲӲȢڶŮˡ
ǹüͷ
ǹ˾˼һ档
˽֣Ƭ̺ЦЦǵҲ仨ˡǲ֪˴δɻڣ
ʲô˾˼ڴϣֳ̧ԼͷЦȥ
㶣Ź˾˼ǴƬ̣˾˼Ĵͣüͷ£
ѱǣæعʲôû˴룬Ҷ˲һһ常ɽʲôÿԼˮǱ붫Ҳڰ˴ûмɽҪڶʲô
˵ţЦǸ̵֬𣿡
˾˼û˵ѣѴŹ˾˼ɫͷԼȾ˻ָ֭ףƽͣԽǲˣԽ⡣ԽҪˣԽעȢһӵΡ㣬ǽ԰ɣ
룬ŵǲģǱϾ̼֮ǲʲǫ̂档˴ǰ;治úÿһ𣿡
˾˼Ͽڡ
㶣׼˵ʲô˾˼ѣ¶֮ѪĹҲ䵽̼֮ͬĳۻףǿ
㣡
͵ָŹ˾˼Ҫŭȳ˾˼ֹ̧֣סѵĻϵҲǹҶҪġҲ˵ˣ߰ɡһ˵
˾˼
Ҳ˾˼Ц̸ͬЩ֮ǰûҹ˾˼Ǹ˰ɣѻ¾ô㵱һʽ̸̼֮вˣҿ۽硣
ŮˣҲ˵㣿
׬һǮ𣿡˾˼ӣΪԼʲôΪ˸ŰսɵʳΪĹƬ𣿵£ǸƺţͱһҪеεġҼеԼΣΪ˸ˣǹôأ
ڶܹ͹ܹߡ°͵ͷ̨ȥҲҹ˾˼һ⡣λãԸĴ㣬˵ĸͱ¹ϵܺãǰڹžɳ˺ָǶãǸȥһڶ̸ڵ˼𣿡
Ҳʻͣ˾˼ЦЦҪˣȻٹЩʱ򣬺ͱˣȥô죿ⶫǣƹ㲻ܼޣûʲôҵס̫ܵҲԸޡȥҲһûҵףֻ飬ſ԰ɣ
治Ҫ
ѱЦˡ
˾˼ʼ磺ϲһ˽һЩ
˵ûأôҪΡҲˣϽϴϴ˯ɡ
˾˼һҧڵġ
˾˼¶Цݣߡ
վת˳ȥ
Զ֮̽ͷѯʹ˾˼û˰ɣǿԼ̸˰ɣ
㣬˾˼ȫٵҽͣҺĲʶ
㱧ʳгҲû˵ʳ·˹˾˼ǰЩҪ̸°ɡ
˾˼⻰죬һʱЩ˵ܣ֪˵Ҳԣû˵֮ǰ˳ȥֱȥݺ̩ݣҲûˡԭţ¶Ѳ˸ϵһ֪Щʲôİѱ̸һ̸
뷨ҲҶ˵ͷü֮ǰҲãҲҵǸؤٲ飬ǲ鲻ô죿
Ǿƭ
˾˼Ͽڣʱȥͣƭ˵ҵˣƭɾãƭҲν
˵ףЦбƭһҿ
Ҫܳȥ˾˼һۣһƭ㿴
ǵȺ˻ұȥ̡֮أ
̧ۿŹ˾˼ɻаţ
˾˼û˵ϥǣƬ̺Ҫ½Ϊһ½㷺³һӶλã˭һ棬ǱҲ˼ֵ塣
˵Ź˾˼Цһ£Ͼǳôֵˣ˵ǰɣ
ҵ˵ͷҶô죬ֻˣ
˾˼ҡҡͷȻҪ
ܲŪһ
Ҷüͷ
˾˼ͷȻǲôġֻ룬ӣҪǣŵģǿǲֲ˾ɣҹؼھôǮӦһЩϵ
š룬ھȥʲô
ȥһ飬˾˼˼ŵ֪ʲôӣ֪һôߣҪǵ£ûʮı޲Ƕţ˾˼ЦЦӳ顣
һʱ䵽ˣҶҪߡ
˾˼߳ȥͷҲصıӰЩɬ֪˹¶ˣⱾҲǺ£һôˣ鷳
鷳ƺ׷ĵز˾˼Щѹˡ
߳ȥ̲ס㡣
ͣסŲ˾˼¶ҲͬҶ˵䡣
û˵Ź˾˼ҶһۣЩ˼ǰ˳ȥ
˶ȥ󣬹˾˼ڿڣӣҾ;ûһ
⻰򴽣ԥƬ̣Ҳû㡣
Ůң㶼һ
ЦЦתͷηˣЦеֻ㡣
˾˼㶣ˣұһֱùͺãֺαؽԸأ
ãͷ˼Ǻ껪ĽݣԳ˼ֿɰ˾˼ſתͷȻһЦЩͬŮ˵Ůˣʵ̫ÿˡҿҪһӵģҲΪȥʧ̬ˡ
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лҪ˵˾˼ҵĶˣŴ˷ġ


98 
˾˼㶣Ҳûٶ˵, ЦЦ, תͷҶ˳ȥ
ź, һ˹˸, ˸һֱҶķ䣬ԼϢҶ˷䣬ٽſڣҶЦŵ֣, ǲһˡ
βһˣЩɻ, Ҷ, ¸ࡣ
ҵǴġЦ, ǹ㲻˽ˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ, 㵨Ǵ󡣿۽, 㵨ȴ̫Сˡ
, Ҷ̧ͷ, п˵£ԽԽ, ԽȴԽˡ
û˵˼ҶĻ, ҶЦһתͷͬϢɣȻȥ
Ҷת뿪ȥվſڣƬ̺ЦԼҲݡ
صϴ֮ɻ˴ϡ
һ˯ĴյģôֲϰߡԺֳ︡ҹͬ˾˼˵Ļ
˴ûмɽҪڶʲô
ǲģǱϾ̼֮ǲʲǫ̂档˴ǰ;
ۣŴ
Ź˾˼ģ˾˼꣬κ˶˰ֵɡһŮ˵İȫУСԼŶԷ˾˼ѾȫУȴҲţҪõĸ˾˼
żĿöȣͻȻЩѹԼ˵ĻԼⶫСܡ
ǮһЩͺˡ
˼ţǮȨƣԱ˾˼ù˾˼ΣﲻǲصģǾͺˡ
˼˯ȥ
ȵڶգ㰲ȥӴˣҶʹϢ
常˵̲ѾİӲȥɫһֱ̫á
ҶŵҲ룬ӣǱȱиѰ졣
˼ǧİȥֻǧ򣬡ĥŵмнһǧĿգ̲ѾһǧĿգ˵¶½Ҫ𣿡
ǲǲȡұ»һǻһ꣬Ȼ̫ǻҲζŶɵڣ½֣Ķ½Ƕ˱µ֡һ棬ߵԼ˺ģһ棬ɵҪҧλòš
ôǮܵиȥüͷ͢񵽴ȱǮ¾ͻôŹ½
λȹ̺֮䣬ñ»ѡ񣿡
Ҷ̧ۿ㣬򴽣Ҷ̾˿ĵģǾ˼룬̫ǱߵˣҪҧӲţһǧˣܵóѪ̫󲻻ŵġ
ԣ׹Ҫ޸˼̫ϣþ˼ǳΪһӪǰ⵹½þ˼λ飿
˾˼ǻɣ뻧ֻһ֮ңһǲ½£ǱȻǹ˾˼¡
ѼʣҲԹ˾˼мָ飬ɸҪģ˾˼˾˼ûм֧ţպ󷽱ƣҲ̫Ĳʮųλɣɼǰ;һָպѣڴ˻ǽףǾ̫ٺòһѵ
ܾᣬ̫ǱȻҲ飬ǻ黹ǻɣҪҧһ˷ѪǵĿġ
΢΢ϢЩϢ૵Һ
Ϲ˵ʲôæгЩ쵰ǣ
û˵Ҷȴ˼Ҷ̾˿Ȱ㣬ϾҪӺˣˡҾã˼Ǹˡ
ס̾ϢҲˡ
ˣЦҲȿǱߵɡЩʱҲ»дΧ£ͷǰҿų͢ˡ
ҶͷҲӦǡ
ڶ峿Ȼϣ糯ϣǵȥҪϲ˾˼ͬʱ⡣
ҰٷϾ֮ʱһɾȻָʹ͵ɱڣ£ֱδţ񼫡
ȵ磬СʹϢڽϣŴ£ֹŹ˾˼֣˵Ǹù٣֪֪治֪ġ
Щ˳úһصظɡ
˵գΪ˾˼İӳòɿʱ̩ȥڻˡ˵ǻȥӡſڣľЩĵˣҪҪ˷֣
˶ٶƬ̺ôȥ
ˡľϻȰ裬ֹ̧סľϵĻϵͨ籨ţ֪ҪȥҲǺõġ
˵֮˳ǡݺ̩ݵһǰһʱ˳ţǣݵйȥݵ˽󣬹๾ˮͬˣüĿˡ
鵽ˣ
鵽ˣϢŵҵһҵļͣǰպûؼʡףҳ¶һֱţҵݣ˺ôĹ򣬲Űҳ
ҵˣЩɻ󣬡̵֪Ǹ𣿡
ȷǸͷȴ׳ȥġ
΢΢һ㶣һʱȴ˵ð죬ŵ˵
ǵҵĻ˵һλС㣬棬ʱݳˣ档ʶһӣСλһģһһ޸̥ᣬ̡
üͷС˵ݣ֪λӵģھŸ߹٣ޡСֲԸί檣ͺλӶϵż˼ҪСӵģͷСĲ̣͵͵͵˳ȥҵλСʱ򣬺ѾܴˣֻܽүԸúӵպµҲѼޣοٴӣ
أĲ˲̾˿үںȥˣȻСѳƺûˡүһֱӣ⺢˸ָһǮŶϵ
㴹Ź̡ͷԣˣָ˵үԺ󣬾ȹ˲񷿡ʱڽӴͣҲûš
ͣ
ЩɻͷԣǹҲ֪˭˵ʱҵңͬҪһ
ʲô

˾ˡ
д
˵ʱ˽ºүô˵ġͷŵڷ˺ִܴ¡үûСλؼʡףؼҵڶգʹűϢ
û˵
أ
˵һӳҼͣԷ˲ˡ˵ұʵΪһһ仰ǸͬλҵĹ˵ţͷ
⻰Щ˵ķ⻰˵ģʱ̲żꣿ
š
ǰֿ֪Լĸ׾Щ˵У
ðزúһŵأ
ŵڶգ»͵ңҵ̡ԼŹ£ͱ´ʦˡ
Ҳûʲôˡ
˵ţû˵꣬һ¶˵ˡ
֪ȥ̩ݵطˡæƿߴٵ
طسǵķնȥλϣ̵Σ
»ʦ̣ǵط罫̩ݴĽ˵˵ӱ»ĵͬ»ͬӣ»صʱҲһֱչˡ
Ǹһֱܺãֱ̾ȥݡ»ͬ⣬Ǵһܣʱ´ʦиڳ´ʦˣڵձʧˡ
ҵˣ
㼱ʣط̾˿ҵˡ
ǡ
ˡ
⻰סطЩΣ˵Ǳ׷ɱ̫أûܳסȥˡ
Ĭúڵǵ̵˵ģ
ǡ
Ҳ˵Ŀǰȷˣ
ԡ
ʲô

ͷϸϸһڵ֪ˡ
ţص˹˸ڹ˸ⲽȥúڵ׼һ£Ҫȥ帮
ʵѾ׼˺ܾãܿͳţǰ˰ȥ
̽ӵʱͥԺԼԼġ
дİ÷С˶һǸһ˶
̿ŰúһЦֵҲǺÿ
˵ţܼңպúͬ˵˹ɡ
˲Ҷʣ㽫쵽ͥԺ
̵ͥԺ޽ǵ͵Ľ԰ַ£լȹ˸Ǵġˮ֮УԼӡߵ̶棬ˡ
ϰ塣
ЦŻعͷֵ̧
̶棬Ը˲裬ϰ²ô￴ҵ뷨
Ӧġ
ĻҲڣŲһڣŵϰ¶ĥ͸˳ȥһȥ̩ݣһȥݣϻϰã֪Ǵʲô
ˣתͷͥԺƽ͵ΪʲôҪأ
ݷΪƸΪ겻ΪʲôҪأ
𣿡ȻѯʣȴѾǰץӣ·ƶһӦԥƬ̣֣ץӣϡ
˺ڰ׵ִ壬ӣҲָʲôأ
ѾߵߵλˣܸһߡǶˣôҾã
ԣ㽫ϣݱǣ鷳
ϰ˵ЦˣЦЦ²鷳²µˡֻЩ飬ͬҷǵ˲ɡ
Լĸ𣿡
̳ĬƬ̺ЦĸϣǸõˡ
ҵٷˣҲ̵ĸס̧ۿһƽ͵֪ҵ˼ĸۡҲôۡ
̿ӣúЦСԸһ幫ӣ⻰⣬ĵġ
üʱͣ͸ͬ죬ҲǼõġһһˣ̸ͬҵļ£ҾЩԿڡ
ҽ幫ӣܿˣ
ȷܡ
⻰̧ͷЦЦͷӵ޸ˣԸҲ֪ԼǴִȥĸʲôֻܲ룬ӦǸõˡ
ƽͣ˵ĸ׵һл롣
ܱûʲôˣŲԱ߷ˮʱѣʱЩ֮С
˵ûִͳͻʼձòƽͣȵͻȻ֪Լĸ˭𣿡
Ķ΢΢һ٣̧ͷ㡣
úЦСҪʲôֱ˵
˼ӣˣһЩƽ͵ָһ·
С㣬Цˣ̸ڣδЩ档
߱ʦɱĸأ㿪ڣ͵ͫף̧Ŷ㡣
ɫƽ˻ǵ𣿡
û˵ӣŶ㡣
޶ãӣƽ̫̫˵̫ӹϵҲǲҪڳ͢Ӫ·˼Ҷмҳǿ⡣Ҿ룬һ߱ʦɱĸˣҹӵͷҡײƭж˻ŷ
ڹţڶְȻˣҲΪڶһλãǸ㣬һõĳ·ۣǱ֮ǿɾǹˡͷȥЩˣûģ˵λıʿ»µӣʦֶټˡҹЩ˵뷨ˡ
˵ɫ΢䣬úЦ˼⣺СǴΪ뵽ˣȻӰô󣬺β͹Ѿͺã
ˣɫƽĪ벻ţ̧ۿɫ֣أҺ;˼ΪСҽҲ鷳ֻҼҷҹЩҲȲ𣿡
һǧӣҪҷΣ³˵֮½ӣֱʣ
תеӣĻ㿴̣һ幫ӣӣֱϰʯ٣໶ϲ幫Լѡָһ·ҷ£ұ֤²ᴫ֣ҵϢҲȫ͸㡣˼Ȳˣ㶢̣Ȼұ֤ա
⻰Ц̧ۿ㣬ߴЦ⻰öˣ˼ģСȴͷһ
ðɣ̾ʵ˴˵Ҳ⣬˴˺½ˣܹҪȥһ˵͹ˡС㲻Ը˴˳£Ǿ½˵鷳ɣҲ⡣
˵ţ̧֣һ߹ֽʽ̣Ѹдһ֣ˣȻˣ˻š֮ǰԼгµһ죬жˡ
ֺֽ͵ַּɺڵл
˵꣬վ˵꣬Ҳˡ
廹ûꡣЦЦС㲻ˣ
Լ°ɡ㿴˿ɫɫҲҪȥˡ
û˵˿ڲ裬߳ʱͻȻĸ˭
סŲ̣ڣҴС㣬ˮ
¶㵵ı飬úЦ
ˮ
˵ƣˮ
幫ӣƽ޳ڡ
ڣ̳˷ͬ˵Դǣȥʣ˭һ˭ڵöЩ
в˲պֽɫǡ
˵꣬˳ȥȻ˹˼ңҶѾãæˣ
̧ۣǿ֪ںУ
⻰ˣʶڱ𣿾ʥּϸӡǸ԰ɣ
㿴ҶǴӺζ
ҶüͷƺһڵǴ


99 
㶯΢΢һ٣̧ͷҶ, лҪ˵Ҷ, ѯʵģ
ûʲôع, ƽ, ̵ȷһдϢȥһˡ
˵ţֽҶдһСֺ֡͵ַҶûж˵̺˼ūͺһȥֽϵĵַ·ϽͬҶ˵һ£һ˵ַϵλ, ǸõլԺ, ǰȥ, Ƭ̺, һִԺ, һһ˭ʱ˻Ϲ, Ҫ˻
û˵, ˴, һ㣬ʶ͹ţæǰס, ¡
ðͷӺ漲, һֱڴϣѴ߷ɿȥֵڵϣܣһץϣ̧Ž˹£ѹֵļŭʲôܣ㻰أ
סϽǰֵͬʵ¶ʲô¡
ֲҿ㣬ҾǸʶЩˣʲô
û˵ǰʶ𣿡
ʶ
ֹϿڡ
̾˿𾴾ƲԳԷơ
˵⻰ԱҶѾȥѲֵС㿴һ棬ͬ޺ãɡ
˵꣬վ߽ڡ
ȥţԼѺֽ£ƽҼȻˣƶʶйϵ֪ǰЩ㣬ЩŲȫΪ㻹ǽɡ
ֲ˵΢΢
˿ڲ裬ƽ֣Ѿʲô˵ҲеǷ鷳ȥԿ㡣
Աôһ̧ۿԱߵˣ̲𣿡
һۣͷתͷͬԱȥð̲ݡ
תͷȥû;˸ɰִӺɰﶶ̲ݣִԱ̸ˣŽ̸Ա˸˻һڣƬ̺ƺͻȻʵһҾ֪ôһաû뵽ȥô졣
㾲Ĭֳ˼ڣƺЩƣҴмǿĵģĶǴ棬߰ɡ
⻰Ͻ˳ȥң㣬ֵ˲裬ƽ͵ǲǶˣⶫǣǻᱣȫ
ƣ˵ͷѣ
ͬ硣ֳ̣Сʱһ͵ġ귢ˮֻʱұˣãиȺټ棬Ѿˡ
˲ͬ˶죬ҵСЩԴ¶úչûˡһֱչңĲҲǮҽġ
ĸɻã
ȥˡ̾˿һ£Ҿ֪áô꣬ȥطҲֻǶҲڲ𣬻ҪҩҾڳţһһաÿǻϣʲôû֣
ֿЦҲʲô֮ҵҲû຦ˡ
ģٴεͲĸİȫǶչ˵ġ
ֵͷ룬¶㶼֪
֪һЩɡֵ˵̻ңǰ͹Ųֲˡ¶ҲҪͬæҲ˵һЩ
ģ
ԼѾ֪Щʲô׷ѯʡҲû㣬̵ѿӲֿóһҪ湫ѹġȥһΣһΣֹ˽ȻǾ˺ܶ취˵ӲڲǸǰһˮˡ
üͷһˮܹˣ
ЩǺģִӶˣҲˣ֪߸ѡ
㶣ʱͻȻʶǣģ²½£ǣ
Ĭû˵ֽŵʱ򣬴һǵģԶǲԼ֮УдųÿδȻ࣬쳤վãҲСʱ䳤ˣҶòˡû뵽̾˿վ˸ͷ
˵ţ̧ۿ㣺λˣܻ𣿡
֪ʵЩˡĬţúŵһܽʧͣӦϣġ
ֲ˵˿̣üĿ䶼ǡ
Щͬ磬ǣֻһֱ棬֪ǵĹϵҲΪŻὫ˱
Ȼǽ˱˳ȥ
Ҳ֪ԼöԲԣֻҲ޷˻ţϾΪԼ
˵Żһ˳ùӣ˱ͬ˱һģš
ⷭһ£ȷ½ͨţдָ½ĿڹɨĶ˺ӣվӵ˸úñȥ£ĸҲӹ
Ӧһȥˡ
źӣͬҶҶ磬ҵȥһ˾˼
Ҷ̵ͬȥ
Ҳûӣ㱧ֱ֤ǰ̲Ρͬǰк֮η
̲ѾʮϤǮ̽˶࣬󷽵ȴࡣ
Ĵ󷽣ǸǮ࣬ȱʲôʲô˭ʡġ̲˼㣬üЦ˺㽻ѣԼˡ
šԼˡĹϵ˾˼Խ㣬컹ûڣͽͬҶһźӣ˾˼ǰ
㽫ͬ˾˼˵˾˼˼֮ڵϣôŵ档úڵԣ͵ÿ£ǰѾʼˣ
ǡ
ڲֲ˾λϴ˶ã
˾˼ҶҶݴ㶺Ѹٻش𣺡ʮꡣ
˾˼ۣþúڵǰĿĿġǰǾͿʼ˽̿ûǧĿ
ͻƱµˡ
˾˼˼ſڣ㿴Ź˾˼˼ɵõҪô죿
Ҳûʲôð취Ҷ̾˿˼½֮䣬ֻѡһҪϰ˼ѩһڱϣûиǲݵġ
Ҷϵ֤ݽȥ½ȥ͵ˡ
˾˼û˵תıʣ˼
Ҳ˵˾˼裬üͷ
ú󣬹˾˼ͻȻҪ½
Ҷ㶣㻹Ҫʲô
˾˼㣬²豭ɫȴȫȻ
ȥš
Ͽڣ˾˼˵ͷҶЩԻˣ˼Ǻ⣿
ûôɿڡ
˾˼ƽ֣̹͸ġ


100 
⡭ô˵
Щ㶣˾˼ȴǵ, ˵, ûв֮, , ŽͼȡɼǼΪ˵СˡˣΪʲôܣⶫŵң
Ҷ˵ͷ˼˵üǡ
˵̸̣ģһЩ£»֮£˵, Ҳûж, ûпһ, , ȥ̽һ, ֱӸֵĴ, ô˵ˣ
ͼʲôüͷ, ˾˼˼ŵ, £Ҳáͬ˵̫һҪϳңȴЩˡ, ½˭ˣ
µġҶϵһֱȰʺ󣬶൮á
½ȻǮ, ȷǱµˣȻڶҲΪ˴֪ʰѵͲΪԼһͼǺ̫ӣ԰̫ӵ壬㰲Լˡ룬һƱ̫̫֣һҪ½֮󣬻ְλпȱǾͿ԰ȥ㣬룬ҵ֣ǲ룬Σ
ԥƬ̣˳ƱҪΪȥָġ
ԣȥֹѿӷ½֤ݽȥȻһ飬һǧΪֲ˾òףİӣ²ܲŭʱɱ½½µô죿Ա´ϣҪҳȥ󰲸̫̫ӣ½ˣ½Ҳ飬ǿλãָǡ½طȥ취Ūһǧţڳ͢ЧӶڱ˵õĽ֡ˣ˾˼㣬¶Ц֤ݵ㣬Ҳˡ
²ˡҶ⻰Щܽܣ̵˼ǰѱµЩСˡ
˾˼ƽҲˣҲã϶Ǻˡ
ⱾҲһɾ·
⻰Ҷ˵ˣŹڼ꣬ɫڷկϿɱһǧ֮ڵǸˡ֪Ϊʲô΢΢ԼȭͷסԼʧ̬ѹеͬ˾˼㵱ɡˣ˼ãõΣ
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ȳʱѾҹо紵̲ס˲
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ֹ㣬ҶЦЦҲǡ
˵ţҶתͷȥǳ㣬ûоã˼Щһˡ
û˵ҶҼǵݵʱÿμ;óʱؤϲ˵Ӳãױƭ
⻰̲סЦˣӲããĸԸƭѡ
ԸⱻƭˣҶ̾˿ǻƭˡ
⻰Ҳ̲ס̧ͷþúŵҶ磬˵˻𣿡
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𣿡ָһԵǹ˼ҵġ
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ǵߵġС˳츮ԩ״˳츮ҲҪʱǾ˳ˮۣ˳츮ҪΪѡụ̂˳츮Ҳûʲô񡣡
׹˵ͷǿ˿ܱߣͬҿţȥˡ
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Ҷ˶ˣȻܿ췴Ӧ¡
ߵſڣ㣬æ㣬ԭǹ˷ˣ˷ô
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Ʒ˳츮˼ŵˣֹٰݼΣ
Ʒ˳츮üͷʲô˼
ˣȷҪ𣿡
㾲˳츮ִҪӣ㽫֤ݳ
ǱѹϽӿڣ˳츮ȴǼˣæһ£
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תӣ˳츮ԩҪ̵ģʮ壬Ụ̣̊κΰӣ˳츮Ų˷ˣЦԸ𣿡
㶣˳츮վڲԶ⻰ҶǶʱɫüͷлɣа취
㲻˵ԩ𣿡ѿ㣬˴˷µİӣǿǳ忳ͷĴȻԩʲô
㾲ѣվȺ忴ȥ˷ˣ߰ɣ̿ɲǿЦҰ취ˣ
㴹ȴЦˣշת࣬ѿϵͼ˷˿֪˳츮Ҳġԩ㲻¿̡˷˽̵׼
˵ţ̧ۿûаɣ˷ˣ˴˿νѵһţᣬߵɵλϣģʱƣһѺ֡ˣ㵱д޹㵱˳츮֮µ˾˼ԩţûа۵㣬ڴ˰ûаǣ
Щ̧ͷѵ۾
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ȻҲ֪ΪʲôѵĻͻȻϣԼһݳɣڷկһǧ˾˼ҹ侲˵Żģ
עѣɲ֪Ϊʲô޷ڵʱͻȻ𵱳˾˼˺վݽͷ緢һЦ
š
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㶣ڵϣߵףƽԸ̣ӣ
㣡
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·ûҶĻڵϣɫݡ˳츮㶣ԥƬ̺ʦүӻֽ֣ʣдۣ˳빬С
ָйǿ㣬ҲЩ̣ɵõˣˡ
㳯̧ͷºЦЦȴǵˡ
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û˵ֻҡҡͷҷΪ˹˽
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ҷһΪʹˮȫ⣬Ǹù٣
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Ǹ÷
Ǹѡ
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Ȼƣھѣڰգڼˣ㡣
š
Ϣţоָ͵ɿ
ɿһ˲䣬ʹȻܣһֱţʧȻ̱ڵء
Ҳ̲סһƿԱˣ嵽ϣ㣬û°ɣ
˳츮Ҳվæд
˵廳У͵ʹϢšָѾϣһֱڶȫƲסҶҲ˽Ѿ㣬úվͺԺɡ
˵꣬ѱ˳ȥ廳̧غԺ
ϹֻǿһûͷҪϣֻҧһһ̶
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ԱҶϺӡҲ˹ĿҶϳǰȥһѽڻɳǸ
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Ȼ˵⻰ʱѾԼˡ
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ŹȥŷӦæȥôˣ
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ڵϣߵͷɳƵŮʧǣ¼¡
㣬һʱЩ˵˷λã̾˿ܾǼҺסڶŷǼңȴˡ
ˡ
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⻰÷㶣ЦһΪ˼ɣ
£侲飬㲻󹦷ˡ
̧ۿ㣬ŮѾ鵽ӱıŮ֤ݡ
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101 
ĬţƬ̺, תͷȥ, ̫ͬȥ˾˼̲, лҪ
÷Ļ, ڲŷ̾ϢҲˣȻؼȥϢɣҽ㿴
л˹ȥƫ, ٳ, , ͬ, ¶, ;˼˵
, ЩЦС
˵, ӻֵȥ, Ҳͬ˵
˷⻰뿪鷿ţԱߴ̫߱, ĥī£˵¶ôǺãҪ½ģ˴֤, ʱ˴˺̫һˣ½˵ⲻѰ𣿡
ŰɡҵҪ˾˼ܸҸʲô⡣
һ˾˼Ҳˣ˾˼񣬷û˵Ա˲裬һڣҲͬˡͬ˵а취ң˵˵İ취ɡ
£˾˼ֱƽ֮ǣڴ±ɷ̫˻ڻˣ½붯ҲҶһ½ұۣһ·½ڵ棬ǻδ֮꣬λҲԲ˳
󵨣Ա̫ŭȳ̧֣ƽ˵
˾˼û֮³ٷϾ̸ڣ֪ϴҪ£Ҫšڴʱ½ˣǾͻẮŵġ½ûˣ˭ܻ˭£½һ棬½ˣҲ½»᲻ỳתͶˡ
㿼£½̫ȴñ²һ뷽跨ű˲Ǳڡ
˵ò
ͷ½ǲڶġ
Ҳܲ
˾˼ڵ£뺮ŵģ뷨ûЩҲǲµ뷨޼ɵ֪ٿ΢ǧ½ʱǧ򣬶»иС͵Զֹǧ֮͵ǧɱֲ˾޻ȴպҪ٣Ҫι֪ģǴѾѰˡ
ԣ˵ң½
ΣҪεġȴǲϵġ
˾˼ƽ£ŵụ̀¿Ǹʵڵֻ֮Ҫ̫׷ӲţӲ鵽
ͷ
ʵϣ̫ҲȷѾΪ˱ĸ󻼣¼֪ô̫һ¡Բͽӣ̫һʾԱҪĵһȽ̫ӵ붫̫뿪ǧ˳УԶΪɣױǧ˵ǧʵһһΪµ׼Ҳ̫⣬һɽ
Ӧ˾˼Ҷʷ̲ɴԣѺ԰참Ч̫Ϊɣ˰תΪʷ̨
ΪҪѺԣЩף˾˼ЦЦ£Ǵ޼ҵӣСܳ谮޼ڶϵΪ̲һ׹ϵ˻ƵأӼѰʷ̨һ鷳ץܲ³ʲô˼ͻתôľ̲ĸݸ˵飬¾˽֮ͽȥ̲ôȻҲὫƽʷ̨С
̫Ǳߡ
ԥſڣǲô
ѹҲüˡ
˾˼ڣ㶡˾˼ƽ£̫Ѿû˶ӣʣѹһŮ΢ţ״ϻۣ̫۰ã̫᲻ΪŮҸò
֮ǰ˳ʹ̫̫ͬ˵֮ǰʹ߳ʹ˹ȥʵк֮⡣ڿǣΪ˹ùȥףΪ˹Ҹùһӵܼ޳ȥ̫ӻѵġ
˵ͷƺ˼磽⣬֮أ
Ȱӵʷ̨˽֤ݣǾͰӶΪ˽ʼ׷˵ĿȻ½˽һǧӣ׷˵׷أһ飬ˣ͹ˡȷͷȥȰ½˴ǹ٣ЩҲףˡ½˱ϾǱȫٸһʽָͣһ·ҲںģҲΪ̫µꡣ
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ˣЩãȻʲô
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Ĭţû˵˾˼̵£֪ԭΪΪԭ֮Ե˳˳ͷɴ˾޶ģжģΪ½ǣͱ·ģ
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һ̲𣬳˻֮ˣԤ£̲Ȼˣıʥ֮£˸֮¡Ҳ򽭴˻ѡ΢ֻܾͲˡ
ԭǻɣǰֽʮأ飬ԻһϤ̫н飬Ϊɳ̫󲻻Ϊѣ뻧һƽ֮١ʵ΢˾ˣ΢ԱĹԻ˵Чڱ¡ǰܳǵ绢ֶΪ֮أ
Ļһֱûгúڵһ룬Ȼȥɡ
˾˼̬˰գȥ
̫Ź˾˼ȥ߳˴˾˼ŵʹΪβҼӣ
ٷˣ̫ЦŵٷȻȥˡ
˾˼㶣ͻȻЩæҼӿǲʣ
̫Цݽ˽æûУֻٷĽŲ̣Ȼȥˡ
˵ţ̫Ź˾˼ȥ͵ⱾҲǱټٷҲΣµּ⣬Ҳ֡
˾˼ͷ˼ţƬ̺ȴǵŹҼǵ̫ҽԺ̫ҽһѺ֣Щʣ˹
ǲˣ̫Цŵճˡ
˾˼˵ͷȴǲ˵ˣֻɫŷɨһ۹˾˼Ȼ˻У۲ŷɫȴ֪λպǰ;ġæ˴˿ʲô£ūܰһģܷԸɡ
Ҳûʲôˣ˾˼ЦЦҶ˺ˣƽؽãֵܣδţֵܣֵ˵仰
ð졣ŷæҷڹſڱҶ˺ˣһһ̲
ǶлŹˡ˾˼Ͻŷһ̧æ˴պҪ¶ˣūҲŹ˴պЯһǵūЩĺˡ
Źģ˾˼Цס
˵Ż˹ſڣҶȻվڹˣ˾˼һżŷ͹˾˼𣬹ūͲˣüСūŹ˴ȥɡ
˵ֺݺѵһܱߵС̫࣬Ǻúչ˹˾˼ͬ˾˼뿪
˾˼Ҷһ˳ϣҶæ˵
˾˼ͷĶԻ˵һ⣬ͷҴŶˣҲףö˶˵̫ӳȥʲô⶯ǲ̫ˣ
̫ӳȥҶȴǸͨ͸ģҪ̵ȥ
˾˼ڳϣۣҶ̫̫̫ͣ뿪ôãûְ϶Ҫеġ
Ȼͷ˾˼ͻȻôˣ

⻰ҶٶһۣҶżз纮ղ
ǲ˳츮
˾˼ۣ侲˳츮ǲǳˣ
ĶأϽôġ
˾˼ѵʱرԡ
סˣ˾˼ңҲµģҲˣҲšӣֻҪûг¶һ鷿ſڵҳͬ˵仰ƽרųٹ˿ҽֳǶڵģͬ˵û¶
˾˼͵Ǻ˭أ
˳츮̡
Ҷڣ˾˼סˡ𾪿ҶƬ̺͵طӦô᣿ܴ粻Ƕȥ˳츮ûиһˣܴô
ˡ
Ҷͣ˾˼̷Ӧѣ
̾йؽڣɵõΪβߣǰ취ʲộ
˵ԩô᲻̡뱣סˡ
Ҷ̾ϢЩεӣˣôȰס
˾˼˵ˣ;ﾾۡ
һ뵽̾ϵϣһ뵽ƽôһ۵˵
Һ
૳ҵĴҸ뵽ģȥʲô˳츮뵽ġ
˵˾˼״̬ԣϽȰ˭û뵽ͻȻɱѰʲôЩǰû֪ĶðĹأôõ
ҵĴܡ˾˼ָֽ̧ͷҶ̾˿Ҳܶ㣬ҲΡҲѹˣȥú˯һ
Ҫ
˾˼ͻȻҶ㶣ʶô
Ҷȴˣæɣ֦
Ҷ֣˾˼̧ۿҶ¡
סҶܾ̾¶Ϲء
ʲôʱôˣ˾˼̷ż㵱ң
ǳʱзǳ£ҶץԼ·ܹؾ;ءҲͬ⡣
Ҷ㻹ǲֵܣ˾˼Ҷȫǰ󣬡ԺвУ
вСҶ֣ûҪ
ʱӦˣŶҪҶΡ
糯֮ǰһ㻻
˾˼ַ̧ĵǶر徻кܶ飬һҵĿռ䡣
вСҶҡͷĲϹء
˾˼һ㶣˹˾˼񣬵˵ͷҶǲ˵Ϊ˾˼Ƿˣ·ϷЩ´¡
û˵꣬˾˼һסҶֽţͿʼȥҶĿ
Ҷ󾪣æǱſң
Ҷ֣֮һǣлᣬһ㡣
˾˼һ·һ˵š
Ҷ磬ͷ͵Ҳô࣬ҪҺ̫Ҿȥˡ
ſȰ˵
Ҷһʮ꺮ôеСֻҶڣͶ˫Ƭ̺󣬹˾˼̾˿εҺܵ
Ҷ㶣˾˼ſЦһֱӣЦȴҶ˼ɬҶЩƣ˾˼Ҽɣ
ҶҲ֪ôˣ˾˼ôһʶڵðɡ
ﻻ·˾˼ʱͲ̫֪Դ˸ɫĴҶǴñһǣͿȵ̲˽˴
ΪǵչˣԹ˾˼̬һܺã˾˼ղԸ˵ҲʣЦ͵ηš
ȽηҶڴϣЩãȻǰηľ
˾˼˵糯֮ǰʱ
Ҷеˡ
Ҷͽ̲Щֻ˾˼ȴǰ㻶ϲûС
˾˼裬˵ҪɩˣҲ˵㣬ôüģҲɩӵ㡣
˵ǡ˾˼ЦҲĵġ
˵ţ˾˼
˺þãͻȻû
ЩãȻʲô
϶۰ɡ
˾˼Щƣû˵ˣþúŵҾɩġ
ס
˾˼Ҿڲŷ֣ԭϲһ˰ɣϣļϡ
Ը̶ۡ


102 
˶
ù˾˼顣
ƹ˾˼С, 侲һ, ɩӿ϶Ǳȴ۵, 㿴Ƥ, ɩˮǴſ϶۰
˾˼
о˴ֵĳ̶ı̫࣬ʱ򣬹˾˼ļ㻹ᡣ
˭ûأʱſŵʱƱأ
˴ţһ·˾˼߽Ժյſڣľϱסû, Ϳ˾˼̧ͷҡ
ӣ
ľ, ˾˼ͷȥˡ
ľϷӦ, æ˹˾˼ȥ, ˾˼Ժ, һһôˣ
˯ˡľС, Щһ, ˵ͷ, ľ˿ȷϹ˾˼ʲô֪ˣŵŴ˿, ˵úţ¶ġ
˾˼Ӧûж໰, ſں󣬽˷ԸȥСƿš
˯ڴϣʵ۵Щ˯ţ־ƣҩ˯гʹȷࡣ
ǹŹ˾˼ȴǲԸʱȥ˾˼ġ֪˾˼ӣ֪Լ¶Ҳ֪ǻЩʲôƢԺ˯ţŵһȥ̽һ£ҶûִʲôϢôţ͸о߽Լϡ
²Ҷϣڵ𣿡
˾˼㶣֪ǰˣôֲˣʱʵĻҶ˵һԴ㡣
յȥ࣬ɫ԰ףͷðϸüͷ壬ʧȥƽĴݡ
˾˼ͬ˵˼ˣ
⻰˾˼չһƬҶӣˮ£ߣСһˡ
ĺͣסˣ˾˼ͽַͷ£Ƭ̣·Ҫ챻Լһ㣬͵۾תͷ˹
˾˼ЦĿȫϣ㶢úɳƵô
һ㡣
ʵģЩɻ󣬹˾˼Цݽ˽ȴǵͷţģ˵ˣһ㡣
ҷͬ˵˲Ҫͬ˵Щġ
üͷǲ˾˼Ҳ˼÷æȲ³ġ
Ҳ̫ˡЦ˾˼ȥͷֱϡ
̫ˡ
˾˼롣
ϴŵҶģǷգͷˣȻȴʲôûϣ·һֻèһ
¶ˣ
㻹˾˼͵Ӧţˡ
˵ģ
̣ѵĻ±̫´˰˰ʷ̨˰Կⷿ᰸ηɱ½ǹ٣ƾҾ˾飬ҹٸԭְ
˾˼һˮҲ֪ûף㿿̧Դ֮İɣء
ءƮƮģȴ·ǧ˭ţðġ
㿿Щʱ࣬ҾãվЩ
⻰ù˾˼㶣Цˣ˴ΣΪұܿ࣬˾˼˵ţ˶ƽҶûԼôȼˣ
˼ۣ˵öԣʵҰﲻ㡣
ǵ˵Ļˣ˾˼Цã㡭
һ˶ռ㡣
Ժڣ˾˼ţȻ˼ģϲôļӿȥ֪ôȻһ仰˵ˡ
ſڣ˵ʲôɹ࣬ȴͻȻʧȥ˾˼ӵŻеˣԭţֻҪΪãҲã˹ҲãҶ̵õġҶôҲáң֪úˡ
֪Ĳ󣬹˵ĶԣܸıҶ࣬ҲƯԸҲϲǾˣҲǻϲġ
˾˼ţḧıģֻϲ㡣
ȻȴȥƵģֻǺŵ֪֪һֱϲҡҲϲ㣬Ըͬ˷㣬˽·ҵòǡҲûܲ㣬ҲȲ㣬ţ;Լ̫ѹˡ
˾˼̲סЦƽտŶׯúܣôɣ
㿿Ҳû˵úЦоؿڵ𶯣СұҲɵġ
˵ţͣһСء
˾˼Цͣˣ§һ£ҵı
˵ţſͷȥС̧֣ϧơ
Щ˼ˣȥ˾˼æץס㣬ҿ
û˵˾˼һָͷһָͷȥʲôû˵ֱֻ˱㣬һرر
㣬ɳƵҲṼġ
Ҳ㹼ңģ𹼸Լ
˵꣬ԥһڲŵ˼Ժʲô¶벻ףǰĲΪʲôĹ١
ס
˾˼㣬˵ģҶš
û˵˾ǾһŶԷĺܶԷ¶ȣƤ𶯡
˾˼һϡ
ʱҶηշתߡ
Լ˾˼ƭˡ
˾˼˵ʵǡʯ崲ӣǻг洫ñӴһ˵ʪζû취ֻܰѱҲڴϣͼӺͱӵһ𣬻ЩʵҲûãԼڴԼůӸɡ
˾˼˵飬Զһ´ĥʱ䡣˭֪Ķ飬ȫһŵͼԼһЩ仰
ȻЩˣֱͣҹʱ֣ʼ򼱡
ȻѰһȦõˣڷ˿ԱߵһľͰ
ҶľͰȻˡ
ƭӡ
ƭӣ


103 
ҲֻأҶһ, Ȼʧ˷ȡ
ǰľͰ, ҧҧ, ڻǻ˴, ںбԼӲԼ
ȱﵽ洫Ųȴǹ˾˼ڻˡŹ˾˼Ҷ˹ۣ˾˼һҶ, һץ, ȥ, ס, , ˾תǲˡ
ȥʲô
Щ, ˾˼ҲЩףһ仰ͬ˵ˣ
ʱ, ˾˼ҲҶʲô˼, ԼηŹϣͬϽȥϳ, ʲôϢǵøң
˵꣬ԾԼЪŰ, ˡ
ʱҶѾ磽ϣԱת˳һ۹˾˼ȱߡϽ׷ȥ˾˼㶣ӣû뵽Ҷô
Ҷ˳գ̫Ѳ鿴ƺӵ̷ʩ¡Ϊ̫Ƿһ磬Ӷǧ͡
˶£ȳɢ˺󳼶۵ܸǰѯʵܴˣʲô˼
ֲܸ̯̯֣Ǳ£֪ʲô˼
½վһԣɫһƽЩ쳣ǣһʱ½ȹѯģƺԴȫû˰ġ
ܸʲźۼ½һۣȳ˹ţܸʽס½½ˡ
½סӣܸ׷ȥͬ½УЦŵо½˺Щͬ
кβͬ
½ɫƽܸЦЦ½ˣ˵ˡ
½˽ɫ̾˿ܴˣæҲ̫ˡʲôܴ˵ĵطܴ˼¡
ʲôõģ
ܸЦЦתͷȥŹյ½Ǵһ·ҲʮĹ⾰ˣӦöϷһЩ
½ȭͷԼҪţܸȴȫûпֻǵĲҪҲվǶõģʮĸ飬˭ôĺݡ
½⻰Ķ̧ܸļᲽ˳ȥ
ܸߺ½ſվһ۾̾
̫Ѳʱˣæȥ̣ż̫Ѳʲô˼
̵ͷ̣ûЩ̫
̫ѲǱѲɡ
ǡ
ڳиȣ̵ҪһЩʵǡԤƻƺӽˮÿ궼о̣ǽ̫Ѳ֮ƺ£֮еλȻǣڳ͢Ҳʵ
ЩҪüҸʾһӣûʵѵ˻ʵȥ
⻰̳ӵֶ˶٣Ƭ̺ȴ̧ͷŷ񹧾Цµ˼ˣµ˼õµʵۣõµһ̡ʷĺûʵۡȻѾ㣬ǻ֪ǡ
⻰÷˵ͷ˵üǣҵ֪ЩŶԡѲҲаɣ
΢Ȼеġ
תͷȥĿϡ
Ѳ£׼˴ԼգƺƵˡ
ʱµʳҲѾ͵˶
ս֮󣬸۶ˣ֮ʳ㣬񿪿ѣգȶȴʮֹԵſȥʳǡ̫ӶƺƵӣ̫Ѳǣ̫ѲĶУ̫ӵ棬ָһ޻С˭ͻȻӡ
һŲ԰׵Щ̬ǰ˿㣬Ŀ˼˵Ц⣬Цʮָӣüͷ
˲䣬̷ӣ·ӣֻΪ˿һۡ
ԱӡæͬԶ㣬Ҳ̫ˡ
û˵˱ֻǵҳ
ָãֻӡŷҳ˱㿴˱ϵʳһ˵ʳĶ鵽ˡ
ԼˣÿһСǮ˵Ǹͼұһ·糾ͣſڵһ㶼һҲ
ȥ˶ֿ⣬µһأרŻʳںͬʳ˰ʳһһʳȫɵüͷ
ͷӽϺڣüͷҲЩȥ˴ãϺ£㿪ڵڸ磬һ£Щס
˵
Ϻæڣæңʲô׾ңһ˵ɲн١
ЦЦȴǵڸ磬Щ֣ӡ̯˱ҴҪʳʯΪˣȴֻһһʳûˣ
Ϻ⻰趼˲úȣϽ͵ңʳ·ϴҪԷ©Ȼġ
ڸ磬üͷ£ҲҴݡݡһ·ȥһʯʳҲоǧʯֹҲף͵ʳΪȴҪһ롣
԰԰Աӡ첻̵ɱΪû˹ǡ
Ϻ⻰ʱһģǰң֪¶ңϺڽվһͷײǰҲҪͶ˵ʳǵȷûá
ʳӡżڡ
·һϺ̧ۿӡ죬ŭСѾͷƬ֪ʲôأ
ڸ磬̾˿ϽϺڵСҲ㣬ֻ֪ԭа취Ǿ취⣬ܵҵǮ
⻰ϺЩ̾˿ͬңʱݡݡݣˮ·ֱӵݣݵ߲ʮ·û֣һʳ֮ˣҪ½·Ϻĵ𣿡
ͷȷ
ڵأغϺ̾˿Ҫ͹ֻһ·½·½·ˮ·ͬһҪͬˮ·һҴҪҲͼʮˣôˣ˺ܶʳ;Ҳûʲô©ֻҪˮʳʮ˳Եģûġ½·Ͳͬˣʳ·Ͼͻ©һһ©Ѿһˡʳޣͬʳˮ·ʮˣ½·ҪǧˣԵҲͬ·϶ɽˣһ·ÿһ·͵ýһ·ѡһ·͹ﶫʣ٣
Ϻ˵ţƺΪ᣺ң֪¶ҲϺûãҲˡ
ڸ磬ţ̾˿ȷίˣҲ£࣬ȴʳ
⻰˵ϺһҲ˳ˡ
æֵңô˵ô˵ҵˡ
ЦЦӡȥȡ˶ӣϺУڸ磬ԭ֪֪࣬ίˡµտ¶Ҫʡţӣúᡣ
ϺƴǲܣϺڿһڻǽ˳ȥ
ͳȥӡ뿪ȥ
ӡϣ̾ʳʣһ룬ǳɱҪһ룬Ҳ֪ôүţҲ˳ˣ˵ǲȥϰݰݣ
û˵ҡȣתͷ⣬а취
Ϊа취


104 
̫Ѳոնȥͬʱڰ, Լĵϵ, ǧ
ΪԼĵϵ, 浹Ҳ֪Ƿе, ȴʷ̨ٹ˾˼İӡ
ʷ̨죬Ҷ̳̲ڴ˰ֲǣҪ̲ƽʷ̨̲ҲʾڶվͲҶ˽͹˾˼ᡣ
̲Բȹ˾˼Ͼ˾˼Ԯ̲ôҶڶʷֱ̨Ӳ̲ȫԱϸ֦ĩڵС¡
˫ˮս˼, ڳĭ, ǧڵ˶
ǧﵱҹ, ½ټ
Щʱ½һֱ, Լȥס̲Ĺϵ, ̲Ҫ˾˼ƽʷ̨ȥǳ, һ̲˾˼ƽʷ̨, ͱȻ¶֪, Ħ͸µ̶̳ȡյ£·Ҳ·½, ½ͻȻͰˡ
ǰּ̫ԵȣϹٷŽ˷Ĺ
̫û鷿, ˷޹½ʱ򣬷ϴšһɫ£ܱҲû̵ˣõľǸͨͨ裬Ըһɢ½һʱΪݡûϴٵʱʱķҹһٳϵ¡Ҳ졣
½Щܣⲻ˼ֻǹŷ
ûŴţŽˮʱ˼ͬ˵ûвˣҲûʲôֵܸ顣˵ֵ꣬Ǿ׵ꡣǲЩġܾã˺˰ɣԷģԷͻỹġ
˵ţתͷ½һתȴǵ½ʶжʮ˰ɣ
ʮꡣ½ڵϣʵͬˡ
ͷɫЩ㱡
û˵½͹ţþú󣬷ͻȻǮô𣿡
½仰ͻȻǾͶˡ
ҲûʲôͻȻ;ãһг䶨Դ̣Ҳûʲôˡ֪ǲڵػһֱûгú½һȴ̧ͷΪʲôʵأ
㶣½ΪǮȨΪʲôʵأ
ĬˣþúͻȻЦ
Ǻ˵ҴҲû뵱ʵۣ𣿡
ΪʲôҪأ
½ƽڣͷԱӣǸûʵۡ
𣿡
½ѯʣĶסˣüͷ̧ͷ½ʲô˼ѵûã
½Цȴû˵ߵף֪
ЩܣӽһԵŵŷ飬ʵ¶һǧ㲹СԼһҪ
չ鲻Ҫ̾˿Ϊߵɱ˵ĵزأ
½ˣͬĳ·ġ½˼һӣ˼ŷ٣þúŵס
վֵܡȰ˵·ġ
ǳͿ
½ԥƬ̣ڵ˾˼ǿ֮ģҲСˣúú꣬¾ͽҲ
½ûٻڵϣżҲûвԤ֮Уֻ˵ԣЩѿ
½ڷмӵİ׷Щ̣̾˿½ֻҪһգɱǡ
⻰½ȥˣսȭͷŵԣµ˼΢ǹ𣿡
½ͷ˿ڲɤӣŵʲô㱾֪
þú½һߵ׵л¡
Ҹʱ䣬˾˼ȥѳԶٷ
ԸŵԸͽ
£½ŷ˼üͷù˾˼飿
˵ͷ֣½æǰסվȻᣬĲŻ
½ŷͥԺȥ·һͨĽ̸ˣҲġ˾˼Ȼ㣬λãܲˡңתͷ½ЦҲ𣿡
⻰½㶣¡
½ͣͥԺ̾˿𹼸޵ĿġǾѣȴҲֵܡһܺһ߹꼸ʮأ׵úܡ
½ţЩᡣ
һʶ򣬷סҡҡͷȴǵ
ҲûͷˣЦҶ൱һ·𵱱°ɡ
½ۣûм֣ͥԺƺЩƣ½һֱţǳžŵʵĻסΪʲôʵۣʱΪգ˵Ҳš룬ǮǲġȨŶЩ˵Ų¡ʵ½㻹ãˣҲںʲôȨȨֻҪڴģ͹ˡҺܾͲһˡ̫࣬ԶҲ㲻ˡ˽ڶʹ뵱ʵۣ˻ʵһͳ¡˵ʲôΪ˰գҲ˰տ࣬տࣿ
һЦŵ֪ΪʲôҲǺûʵۣΪٺãܣһӣ½ﶼôأҲһӡ
ǡ½Ҫڣŵɺ󹬣ҲûˡһӣǶֵǽҲʲôı䡣
½һ̨ףĽŲЩ鸡ڽ붫һսˣ½֪ȰȴŷǹִƢĬһ·̨ףˣڳϢӸߴͥԺľ£ûлͷ۲㿴Ժʲôãöൣ
½򴽣ڵ£΢֪
ڳϣûлþú󣬷վͷ߰ɡ
½빬ڶ糯½ǹ١
Ϣ͢½ڳغϣһ˵Ҫߣһ˵ҪôػϷ˼غϺ󣬷¶֮ɫ˽ȥ½Ĵǳʡ
ǵյһҪϢţ̲²һƽʷ̨ӷ˾˼һ͡
̲ȻϴӦȵ糯ɢ̲ͬɳ͢ˣ鷿ſڡ
⻰ʱҶһӡ
ͬݵһµģ͹ʳ
֮˼ʳҪԣʳ󲢲ȴҲҪȥ
ͻݵĵһȥģҶ˵װޣ㱾ǷװտҵŷҶϾȻǽ갴ձķװʮƯ̵ɫչ¹װΣ˵ıطζ
˼ȦòԱܿܿˣɵЩǵңĵ꽨ã˼ˣǻ׹󣬲򡣡
⻰㶣ǰҡεŵ̾ͻ׹󣬵᲻ãǱأ
ܿܿЩ⣺ҵ˼ǣ
ףЩһģЦһЦһףһ㣬Ҳ޷ǰɣ
Ǽۣ
֬клףȻҲкл
˼ŵǵһķü䰺ʳֱ࣬ͨӿʼʳ΢
ܿܿţЩŵڵ뽫εĻ߼۸Ʒף˼𣿡
ܿܿϵɵЦˣǡص׶͸㣬ô򣬲ʧȥļֵ𣿵ֿΪõײǡ
ܿܿͷˡԱҶţҲ˼˵Ϣ˵̲˴˶ʷ̨ſڣƽ˾˼İӡ
Ϣ룬ڵȱȥ̫ЩȻ뿪ˡ
ϣ磬ȥҹ빬һˣȵϣ̲Щ˱㶼ˣ˾˼Ҳûƽ
ȵڶ磬ͻȻ˸̫ࡣ
̫СΪٷˣǹһ˰ɣ


105 
̫ʱ򣬹˼һ÷⻰, ͵վ, Ҷˣ
̫֣, ˴ްֻһЩ¶, Ҫٷ˽
⻰ýҲǣվӣ̫ͬԵȣȥ·
˵Ըȥչ̫࣬ת˷ڡ
ڷлһװ, λ̫˹, ̫࿴ȥܼ, ƺǹ˶ڵһ, 㲻ɵõ, Ҽɾ¶, ﵽżټ
Ҳ, ̫¶ֱ, ˣ֪ˡ
⻰ȥ
ȷ˾˼ûµ, ˾˼û£ֲǺ£Ҫ, Ϊʲô
ⲻֻסһ·˹
̫˺󹬣ԽԽмãȻ̫ףΪʲôӼĵط˺󹬡üͷɵõߴˣ
û̵̫̫ͱһͬټҹ빬
̫ͻʵһͬټ
һ˵֡üͷȴ
ãڵҹ빬ſڣǽȥ䣬͸ӹȥչ˫ڵ滭˸ԲǰŮ£̫̫꣬ǧǧǧǧꡣ
ûú洫һϵλؾǹٷˣ
ǡҲЦ⣺ٷǸôŮӣ빫ദҲʲô١
⻰㶣ȻһֲõԤС
ʱ򣬷ŵѹͬٷ˵ɡ
˵꣬ǰƺǱһŮƲǰڵϣû̧ͷžѵ㣬պҿҪ˼Ҵţһ̷ͬ˴ˣൣ
ӡˡһ£ڵϣûгû̧ͷ·ǽƵģ˶µġ
Ա̫˵ҪҶŻ£Ҷ˴˱лԼй˴ˣţ֮ǳ֮ϡ֦ҶȻ檣檣˵˾˼˽ᷢޣйڳ͢ҶΪ飬ŴӦҶΪƽޡҶͱСϼ£Ȼӣ֣֮Ҫˡ
㲻˵̫Ƭ̣ŵôлʲô
ѯʣĲ˹˵ʲô룬ֻǰиоˣʱԼѹܱˣܾҪ侲ҪѯһС
һڣ̧ͷȴǿѯʵ£Ҽɾڣ
⻰ƺЩΣһ˰ƫЪϢԺ¶Ӧˣȥ͹ү򸾱ˡ
û˵ŷ££ɵȢµҼɾѯʷ˼ᡣ
󵨣̫͵ϣŭӴͻ飬¼ޣݵ㣬ҪҲʲʣȢˣ
̫󣬡üͷЩһ˼ңѯԼҲǳҲ̫²ǡ
űĴֱɸˣϹ˼˼ңҲ֪ǹʻӽʲôˮȢô֪صӣ
⻰͵۶Ůˣ˼ң䲻Ǵ󸻴ȴҲ̫еġӡ޸ɾΣ֮ʱδ֮߳ڹ˼ʱһ·棬Ҳƶ˼ң˼򸻹ңǶԷ֮ĲңԶ֮Ĳ塣̫Ҫ¼޸˲Ҳ֮ɾ𣿡
⻰ʵ㶣̫Ů޸˲Ҳ֮ˣ˵²Ҳʲ壬Ҳǲɣ𣿡
ȻǣǰǴģƷԶһԱҪĿˡ̫Ҳڴ˿̷ĻεԱ㵱ƽޣ檱£Īƶ
ɫƽֻǴµҷҲö
ٷ˵Ҳǣʱѳתͷ̫ͬٷȥʹ˴˰ɣ˴ǲԸҲĪҪǿѡ
ң̫ЦתͷǱ´ּּܲܿɣ
˽һͬȥȰȰҪˣö¶
顱ĸ֣ɫ˶ʲôû˵վ̫ŵƫ
˾˼ƫ飬ϣŴǰһ̻ŻȥʮС
߽ȥתͷɵ㶡Ƭ̺æӴȵôˣ
û˵˾˼ֱãϽߵǰȥסֵôˣǳʲô¶ʲôί
㾲ע
Ĳ֪ʲôţǲǽġ
緢ӣͻȻЩѵ˼
ҪѣѺΪҪЮ̫ͬѹ˾˼İƽ̫ȻͬˣǴЭ飬ù˾˼飬ʱ޸˾˼ԴΪƽĸⲻʲô£ӦˡӦ϶˾˼Ӧģ˾˼һܾǾǾܻ飬ոյõΣΪ˾˼ƿأ˾˼ھе;Ҳֹڴˡ
ѵĻǰĹ˾˼ʲôĿڣſڣʲô˵
˾˼֪л˵ڣĬƬ̧̺֣˻С
֪Ȼί˾˼ǲʲôί㶼룬㶼Ҫңܽ£ģҲ£ţ
̲סץ˹˾˼ӡ
á
ɳơ
һ䲻
롣
õˣõķδҲͰˣˣĳ׵׸ˣҪǾ֮ʹ಻ԡ
˾˼ĻȴǱ˼֣ƫҪáã᲻ңᶪˡ
⻰ᱼӿ˾˼æôˣް
ͷֲ̧ӣҭţС˾˼
˾˼Ҳ֪Ϊ˵ֻһᣬһˣ˭ˣ
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㿴Ļ̲סˣעô棬û١
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ź˾˼ЦҸ˵úܣҸúܡ
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˵ţſ֣ת˳ȥ˾˼վüͷĻ
´㵱顭
ҪϲңͬҳףҪͬҺ룬ô죿

˾˼Ƭ̣͵طӦʲôѯԱ̫̫ͱ̸£ѹڣ
ڵġ̫๧Ѿʱˡ
㣡
⻰˾˼͵Լͷһ£̫ͬͨ£Ҫ
˵ˣ̫δټ˴˻ǺúϢ
ϢʲôϢ˾˼ʱˣǰӹԱ۸Ϣʲôȥͨ¡
˵ˣֻټͨ
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˾˼ȭͷ̫˵
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ô˵̫Цŵ˴ǶµˣȻǴӦˡ
û˵ߵףˡ
⻰һڳ˶Ĭתͷ㣬ɫƽԸ⣿
ɾԸ⡣
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Ը⣡
⻰˶ˣ˺þòŷӦ˼ϣ˵ʲô
˵ù˾˼ȢȢκŮˣȢ޻檣Ը⣡
ƣ׻ˣվŭôôƶʵŮӣȢ˹Ƕãôˣ
֪Ƕá
ɫƽ˽֦Ҷ̫շܳΪǾ˼ĸպ˼ڹٳ֮ϣҲһ·˳졣ǲԸ⡣ɷˣϣߣԶԶֻһˡ
ŭˡ
̹˾˼ɵǹ˾˼壬㷸ɵ֪ˡ
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ҲŹĸŮ˲ôģ
ЦЩǰĸ˵ġ
£ߵĸ飬ݲýִ͡Ҫù¼ޣһ
⻰˶ˣ˵˽ͣ㡭Ҫ޴ʲô
£侲ʲһӣݲþ˼еڶˣҲԸº;˼ΪѡһҪͻ飬Ǿȴһֻλӭš
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ԱϽ˳ȥ
˾˼棬ΧסҪ뿪ſں˴ȭŹߣԱԴԴӿ˫ҹ빬ſڡ
̫ɫףȴǵͷ𴽣̲סЦݡ
˾˼ĺǰᶨģúڵϣ빫̹˰䣿
ǡɫᶨĬһ֣ڵ飬ȥһ
ɫ˶Ծû˵ŷͷӦǣȥ棬һһƻ
˾˼ŷžƱ˶ʱһ㣬ҹ빬˹ȥŭʲô
ûӦ˾˼ʱ
̫ڹһʲô˼ҲѾƲ淢ʲô֪ĺ
һȭҵϣӦҪѹƴҪǰȥŭ㣬Ҹɵ¶

£˾˼̫ҪҾͿ㣡
˾˼˺㿴ŷѶƶ˹㣬㣬ԸҲΪ㡣ȥˣҲΪɥ꣬պȢȢ˼
㡣˼ٷ˵λûϾҪ飬㣬Щɳƣֵõġ
ЦЦתͷ⣬ȴǵ£ⶾƶж೤ʱ䣿
һʱ䡣
𣿡
ۡ
ܳ𣿡
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ܵñʲôΪ˲ϧۡöһΡ
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⻰ɵЦˣˣֻ˵ΪһΣ˵һΪˡ
˵ţִı飬̾˿ڵˣպҲûʲôΪѡ˵һǱһɡ
⻰۾˱ӣƱһ󽫾Ʊ˵ϡ
£ǵӦģ㴭Ϣţ˶ڶٵͬ˵˵
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ϹŲʣϵ·Ҳãѹһ˺ҧĹŭ
ڴſ˲䣬˶סˣվſڣЦſ
˾˼ȷӦ˻ûӦʱ͵һͳ˹ȥ
ϵˣϢͣǰ
Ϧӳϼ֣ס
Ҳ֪ǲǶҩЧڹ˾˼ؿڣ˼ˣԵúܡ
˾˼û˵㿿۵˭޸㣬Ҳ̤ҵȥ
˾˼⻰΢΢
ɵ͵رɵ
⻰Ц
ԼСʱҪһ仨ຢӶҪһСͺ˴ͷѪҧǶ仨
ôˣʼջûбҪĶƴҲҪҪ
˼Щƣ˵⸡૵һؼҡ
á˾˼ɳƳϣ̧ۿ޾ǡ
߲ϼʤգŰ£ɢͷ˺ۣ·һȳһա
ϣ۾ƺ˯ˡ˾˼ҧŽϵľʹһһȥ
עǣЩͿˣ˯ȥ֪˯ȥҲ˾˼ˡ
ſڹ˾˼ϣŹ˾˼־ʣ˼ǲǺϲ㣿
ǰ˾˼ۿᣬϲҪˡ
㣬˾˼ӣϲһ㣬òã
ţɵЦˡ
û취ˣૣ±Ӱɡ
±ӣϲһ㡣


106 
˾˼߳ȥܶһ·, ȴر
ڳ, , Ҳ̬, һ·ų˳ȥȳȥĹ˸ȥͬ򼱴ٵߣ
˿Ѿ˯˹ȥ˾˼ɫץ΢΢, ˴һԲ, , ַŵ, ӡ档
зӿ, ȴֳһ˵Ŀơ
ڹ֮, ̫ŷ, ŵ, ôˣ
Ų裬̫͵£ҳôˣʥڹǰ, Խ䣬ʲôǷϣı棡¾ôܲʣ
̫󣬡ϳ, Ų豭˰ᣬ³çҲʲô¶һᷣģˡ
̫ŷĻ侲ԱѲ̬ȵת䣬æҲˣĸñȻȥЪϢɡ
̫û˵ѵĵл䵭ô˹ִ͢ҡ߳ȥɷ֮óԱˣװɣ
̫˵ǡ
ͷ˰׷
̫죬Ҫǰѹ˾˼׷𣿣Ҫð˵
ķʽͥѵĻ飬ѵĶ飿
۰Ů̫ʼиڡ
̫ŷɫҲ̫Ҫȶоɹ¶ЩɹӦ֮²ǡĸذҲΪЩɹ廹ʳǡɺͺ£ŵϵĻλ˳Ĵǰȵ³Է˼
Ͼֻǰ̫ˣ²̫
˵ϣ̫Ҳٴߣֻǵú÷Ͼ̫ˡ
ͷ룬ȴǵҲˣٷԸŻµġ˷¼޹ȥҲҸţǻһ˰ɡ
һƣֻصѻ
Ѱȭͷ̫ɫúǱΨһĺӡ
ҲΨһĹ
ƽڣʹߺܿҪ޲Ϊѹ룬ֻʹߵˣδޣǿҪףҲûа취
Ͼ̧ۿѣҪ˵ǣ
Ѻ̫󶼲˵ͷȲ裬˴˲У룬ڵĴȸ֮ңʮ꣬ιɣҲſô
ôԣ
̫¶𾪣˭֪ȸ֮ԭӵģӵĸԭˣǰǰ̫Ӳǰռ֣ȴռ֮ࡣ̫ӻģˮһ·ѣ˵ȸ֮֮ˮռϢֻȸ֮նףȸ֮Ϊԩ̫ӵĽ״ȴ̫ӵ̿͵ɱ
ȸ֮ԭǶҲˣԼ٣ȥݣԼ¡
ĳСҲة๫ӣȸ֮Ի֮ޣȴϴġ
̫ӣѵ硣
Ѱ̧ۣ˲
˵ʲôվʲôû˵
֪ǹġ
̫ѣЩɹķ꣬ǵľ죬첻Щ˾Զһ𣬶Ҫģþ쵹ȥ
ǧױǣԭؾĶѾȫǷˡ
£ѾŷȷҪ𣿡
⻰Цˡ
£²豭վӡ
˵ţϷԡ
Ѻ̫û˵תһƽʷ̨ʷ̨飬ѹͻŴӣʮ顣ʮպ󣬹ֻȥˡ
˵֮󣬷߳šŷڷС²˵Ҫ̫һ޸Ŵӣǡ
޸ӣǸ𣿡
ŷЦЦ˷˼Ҳ˵ˡ
˾˼һ·˹˸һţұȥϽ˴
Ҷǡ׷Žæôˣ
˾˼û˵߽Ƭ̺ŵֻǷһЩҩûʲô󰭣˯һͺˡ
⻰˾˼˿ʯͷˡ
ȻѾ³ǲ̫ĸȶƣֻôһԣҲ£ȷû£ŷ
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˾˼Ĩ˰˵ͷվȥڼ䡣
ϼʱѾϴһ裬ǻ·ڣ˳ȥվſڵ˾˼һ֪Ҫ˯һӺ󣬱ǵ˵ϸ̸
˵ӣͻƽ常ߣֻҪƹðˡ
Ҷ˾˼ѹ˵˵ͬ˾˼²˵ҲӦױµ˼ˡ
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⻰Ҷ㶣˾˼ʶܴҪߣ
˵ġЩΣֻ᲻壬ԾͶ¶ֵ
ɩӲһ𣿡
ЩɻҡҡͷԱߵĹ˾˼˾˼͵³˽ڶʹλãܴȥر൱ڽڶʹˡű߾дפܴ൱Ĺ佫פ߾ر佫ǲܳġ
ǰɩӵʣ
ʶڣɫЩÿˡҶһæܴ磬Ҳ¶⡣
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˾˼æοҡҡͷЦչ˺Ըˣ㣬˼һñ°ѹˣ̫ҪǺˡ
˾˼ЦҲûа취¶˵ţԼ˲裬ƽº̫Ҫϵģѹ̫һƣ޸˭˭Ǿɹպδ
ҿ˵޸ġϽڣ⻰ŵù˾˼һ£æɱϹ˵㣬Ҵȡ
˵˵ǲ¶
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˵Ķˣ°ͣѵǿ㳤˧
˾ˡ
Ҷϣѵǰ˾˺̫ϵɺأ˵˾Ҫץйģ˱лԼѹΣɹ²׼ޣȵɹһ죬ҲʣһЩµ˿ѡµ˾˼һǣߴţ̫͹ΡټֿΣ˶óδνſǰ;ѹˣҲ
ǰûҪ޸ŸףڻҪޣʲôһķŬŬ°ͣΪʲô
׼һܻ飬˾˼Ҿ˻飬ұȻͷҪϸ汳ġ¶Ǳ¸ɵˡ㶾ƶˣ˭Ҳǿ˵
ǼپƣҶ̾˿ǵҲ̫ˡ
Ӵ󡣡˾˼Цҡ
˵ţ洫̫˴ˣٷ˿Ҳˣ˵Ȼȥʷ̨ԩѩչٷ˲١
⻰˾˼ܱ˿һۣҲЩΡ
к̫࣬Լȥ㻹˯ţڱϣ㡣
ͻȥˡ
˾˼ڣƺ³̫վͻˡҪúóԷú˯̫͹Ǳġ
˵ţַ̧ϣ۸ģҶһһ㻹


107 
һ˯ѣѾǵڶա
оûô˯, ӹ˾˼, һֱ˯þ, ô˯һ, Ȼˬ
ڴϻƬ̣Ȼ͵˼
˵ţŻŴЬӡϽæżʲô
ɾأ
żɻá
үû¶, ӡˮ, °, , ү, ȥ, ү˵, , գͻˡ
˿ɽд򿴹ˣ
㽥˹ӡԱ߶ˮ, źϴشߵʱ򿴹ˣû¶, Ҷ͹ү̲ʱ򻹴ҩµġ
ţԱ߽ˮ˿ڣ
ʱڸоӹԱӡˣЦЦ˯һ죬ȻǶˡū࣬͹
Щ˼ӦһϴͷʼԶ
һԣһϸϸһշʲôӡ֮㴫ͨˣܿƹҶˡ
ˣǽҶϺܿܿ˱һݣæվôˣԹ𣿡
ܿܿҶЦЦкǽ˱ϣҶЦŵһЩʱ˵㻹˯ţȳ˶㻹Ҫ˯һӴˣȴˣѵúʱ򡣡
˵ţҶһۣЦЦ׳ҿɶ˵ˣǰСʱ򲻻ͬ˵ʲô˼ҪЩѧŵĸɾʲôġô˼Щˣ
ҶϳЦЩ˼һۣ˵Щ˵¶ģ
ŶԣҶϵͷܿܿ˵ɡ
ūҲûʲô˵ģܿܿЦЦĿŵǰȥǽݵĿмƳƷİţ
ӦһùĿһж죬ܿܿҲԽԽϵÿһʱĲԼش¼⣬Ѿֻ̫ݵҵ
ݱϾֻһ̣֬ȻѾڸؿʼӪҵ˵ʼҲֻһ̣֬޷
ҲˣǾ£ţԼķ·Ǳǿؿ֪ԼǸˣ硣
໰ǵһϵġ
ڶŮӱȷ΢Ҳȷﲻ˹˾˼ʲôǷ֮ǰҲԼɷҲͰˡʱҪ޽ҲǸ˵ģڹ˾˼˵һΪ˾˼ޣȻҪΪ˾˼롣
ȴǲͬˣ̰Ҫȫȫ檵ȨȻ
һֵĺܡ˲ȥƽϵʧĪ¸ҪΪݸ飬һһ
Ǯ
ǮǮǮɵйǮҪڣû˸Ұ򵽹˾˼ǮҪ˾˼ͻ飬ҲҪ߲ˡ
еĵλ涼ҪԼܿ˸
ҪȥȥԼɷϣҲΪ˿صɷ򣬶
ףԿŻݵ˱µķҲǵͷƷ˼󣬱ܿܿȥ
Ҫ׬ǮķʽԼ꣬Ȼ׬ǮǮľʼޡķʽԶǮǮǮ˳Ȼȡ档Ҫ¶Լȥ㣬ֻҪжϰǮʲôط
֮ǰûǮû취гʱ׬ǱǮԼݵ棬ҲʼǮǮ·ӡ
ܿܿ껨ݣתͷҶϡ
ҶϴССһֱ߶ĿȾȻû̫ྭ̾飬۽ȴǱܿܿġ£һֱ߰ææڹ˾˼ϣʳֵ˶һڴЩʳ
ʳװˣ˳ɱһ㶫һҪʮģεףɱǰģֻʮĵĻһ׾ֻӯˡ
ӦһҶСҲѼ۸ʮģ
Ĭ룬Ƭ̺ҡͷҪһЩ
̣֮͸߼ۣǡ
ȱϵٹ˶࣬ǵ׺ãһײҪŰڶͷ񶫶״඼ʮһǾʮʮģÿҪûС
ҶˣһһȽһһ£ܽһ׺ǵȡһ֣һҪȡãҪһ;ãһܺóԣҪ̫ӹףҪϵ̨档ټˣ׾ϸ񣬲ɳӣҪſű룬ӵԱװ׵ĲÿһϸڶҪãõײܣ˵ȥ֣һױˣٸһ¡͵øʥ֡ʦʫΪרŵĹٺĲˡ
۸Ǿ͹ˡҶЩǵȷҪ
룬Ƭ̺϶ϸ룬˷ֳǮ˺ûǮǮԺúãûǮ˾ҪˣͬҪĶһһζż۸ˣһ׬Ǯ𣿡
Ҷû˵ţ£Ҳ̫࣬ȫȨ͵֣Ժĵ곤ÿ¿ʮͼĳɷֺ졣㵱˵곤Ը⣬Ҳѡһ£ʲôңҳǮô
Ҷµģ̧ס֣Ƶó㲻ˣǲˣβһԼأ
⻰ҶϲɵЦˡ
㵹˵Ŀˣ̾˿ʵǲ֪δôģո㣬;׬ǮҲǸˡһӣҲǺܺõġңͽңһúøɣ㿴Σ
ô᲻㣿
ЦҶС㣬Сʲôöá
ҶĳЦ̧
һҶϱ˳ȥҶϸճţͿıҶϣʱӴҶСҲˡ
ҶһЦˣƵģٸϵӶûƽ͸ҴϳҲЦ
⻰ʱһ˵Ц١
Ҷϡǡһ˱ˡĳŪģҶϵıӰŭҶţǲǵ˭ݾȻģСˣŮСе
ţЦ˳ʲôأ
ŲԼΪƺЩɣһЩ˼ɩӡ
ѹЦ⣬ҶҲ˵ŻСԺˣ³ˣ˵ɣ
˵֮ͬһȥ˸˲裬˼ɻã
İɡ
ҶհѾƵʷ̨˹˾ͳˡ
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濪ڣҶ˿ڲ裺Ϳ鲻飬βˡ
һŻʱ򣬹˾˼̫һ·鷿
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鷿ڲʮˣȴȨеĺġ˾˼΢㶣Ѹٹȥ£ꡣ
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Ƭ̧̺ܸͷЦЦǸסġ
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˾˼ߵףվƽдһͬ˽˵һ½ˣպɾ˼λãʱ˭ټԼ顣
΢ס
ڹ˶ĴŹ˾˼
ˣݾѾ˲ĿȻ˭Ҳû뵽죬һ겻ӰƷֱƷ顣ǨٶȣֱǹǰδС
˾˼Ҳɻ󣬵Ҷʣֻһл
ڰ֣ǶĵˣҲҪЩ񣬽ǹǣİӣǾô죿
ô죿
ڳ仰ףʵĸİӣҪҪӰˡ
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ʲôܸЦŵ˵Цء
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˾˼⻰мҶһۣҶ˱֮ǡ
˾˼΢˵ˡ΢ãӣð졣
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½ûɱĵӺģڱɿ²ᷢչĳ̶ȡ
ﶼǸ뵽̫ϣ˾˼ȴǵⱳĿĺԣ޷ǾҪһ޷صĳ̶ȣһҪΪӳѪԭԤƵӦҺ½ˣһһڣԭļƻȵնó֤ҷȻ½ҲΡһҪλã㶼˳ճλãǾܰ˽档ôֱʵ˻˭΢£һ̫Ϊ׵ĳоɳ

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֣ڶݴ㶺󣬱ѸٷӦ
볯ûκζһֱԹԽŷ񹦿Σ˼ĴڣȻ𣬴Ҳһλƹݵ̫
ƹݣ֮֮֮˿˵һСһСƳô׵£
ԭƻҪϷ֪ΪϷͬⲻ󶯾ɳѪҺҲͬ붫̫̫ԣµǣȴľԹԴţ컧λã͸֣룬Ϸһ֮µϷпɰ
ϷǷһ綨µĹߣ˾˼⻰Ѿֱʹߣţһǣ֪չȥҲѰ
֪չҴҲٷչҴ˳дУ֪ҳӣ㷢չкξ壿ԹԱףδϷɹҲֹԭ֮أҴкξ壿ǿϷֺԺԪ
⻰Ҳ
˰죬ڿڣ̾˿һ˵޳˼Ǵ£̫Խô֮ޱӹǡţϷһʱӦ¿ǣλΪΣ
Ѿ˽ģҶǴˣһ룬׹æʥ
ȷϷҪѵҪôãˡ
룬ŵҪΰǿ⣿
˲˵ﶼװŶȴ֪ʱʲô׿ڡЦЦ˾˼Ҷ˵˵ɡ
оɳܶ࣬Ҫ̫ҲҪ˵΢ãҪ̫ܿЩɹȺס̫ŵƣһѹĻ£һž֧֡Ҫ׳нƳߡȽѹˣΪɣӵ̫ļҡҪ죬ܵЩӦϢȥҡ
ͷֵ̧˵
֮󣬱ٸЩһЩôڴ֮ǰ¿ԴЩѡƶӵܣǴЭ飬ϵǼ̳˺ЩλһЩϢȥҲӡ
Ͼܰȹӣ˭ı
ҺЩ̵˲ͬǵҲûôðա
˾˼ûзŵ󣬱±ڽ»ָƾ٣Ͳţ֮𲽻ɳˣܲǰԼ
˾˼Щ˵ЦǸġ
˵ţܱˣλأ
ѾˣȻޣһ˱㿪ʼ飬Щ¶ô˭
ϣ뿪˾˼Ҷһ߳ţܱûˣҶĲŵܴӣǰһֱ˵Ǹӵܣŷ֣ȥǲ׾ˡ
òЦˣ˾˼æǫǲ£ڲſϣǰ׾ӣҪ鱾Ҳѧõġ
ҶЦЦޣˣ¶Ҫѧ˼Ȱһ仰
벮˵˾˼ɫ̣Ҷ˫£Уϴ˶úܣʱĴϲ˵곤֮ͷ֣Ĵǲ˵
˾˼ҶĵĻĬҶЦЦҲ⣬ֻǡ
˼˼ס
˾˼ڣȴǵֻǣܵ˵
˵Щ±ȻҪЩǵ˵£̫һ˺Ҫˡ
Ҷļ̹ʣҲ䣺ҽΪʿѣ˼һȰպֻ˵
˾˼⻰ЦΪձʲô
Ҷ㶣˾˼ңһѵ⵶ǲǾˡҶҲ·ȴʲôûеġ
֮⳯͢ϣվվסǿòˣǿ㱳վ˭䣬ұû˹˼ɣ˭ǲǾҪ˼ɼ֣ӣǷϣϣǴѺѵ̫̲࣬һֱӵҶſץ±ʷ̨𣿡
Ҷ⻰Ĭȥ˾˼Ц˵٣Ը·ܳĬȴûгĬĻġ˵ʱգ˵ĻᶼûСҪҵһѵֻһѵѵˣŲ¡
ˡ
Ҷ̾˿գȥɣþڣóˡ
˾˼뿪
ҪشЪŵģӸոƽʷ̨װģҲҪװһ
ϣ֨֨Ҳ֪ôģͻȻ˼ɪ
ܳĬ˭Ĭ
ܰǰߣ˭Ըһѵ
Ҳûʲôӡ
Ҷһֻһˡ
ţЩ㱻˴ΣһȥͿڹѺǼηƽնǱͼýζ
Ҳ죬Թ˾˼̬ȺתȥŲ̧ۿ˾˼վſڣЩ
һЦҸȺ˰ɡ
˾˼ţ̲סЦ
æǰ˼§ڻ
վһЩ
ڣЩãȻʲô
˾˼ȴҲû˵Ը
ȻȲҶмշ·ǣ㰡


108 
˾˼ͺóԵģһ֮, ˾˼ÿ춼η, ͵ķ, һȦ
Ҳ, ôЩҲԵѿǡô
˾˼ڹôãʱЩˣһ濴Զһ˵¶
ûҶЩص, ڴ, , ûа̬ԡ
Ц, оСʱһֻС׹, , ˵ú, Եø, ̧ͷ㡰
Ӣıˣദ, ᷢ˵ĺʲô˧ʶû, ľ˿ɰ
˾˼ͬ˵ų͢ϵ¶ͬ˾˼˵Լϵ¶
Ҳ¶һ¶޶ȣҰѴӴãʣµľԼˡ
ã˾˼̲סЦҡҡͷһʮֵ¶Ҳֻʮ֣ʮ˷ֵ¶Ǿǰʮ֡¶ҪԼҪʮ֣С
ҷŮˣ˾˼룬̲סôҰģ
⻰򴽣̫ࡣ
㲻Ҫô˾˼⻰ˣϽĶȥ̵Ųҡ
Ųʲô㿿ϣŹ˾˼Ц˾˼ģƬ̺һŤͷȥСٳһ롣
㱻شô˴ЦŴԼЦ̫ţ˾˼ˣԼҲˡ
һˣ˹˾˼ĵͼº͵ͼȥ
˾˼Ӧһ飬ˡ
˲֮ȥ·ϾһֱڷԭٵĵͼüΪϸ£ÿһӣÿһ·ȥһ濴Żһ˼š
ڶߵףǴ͹ʱ˵ءаصķǣաʳˣȻҪϤ֪ġʳĳɱ۲һڶȴʮġɹۣϵݡݡʱĲأжϣʳ͵
Ȼһģһֱ͵ɱ̫ߡɶѾˣҲܴˮƯҶϵɹǿܰʼղ⡣
ܽɱͺˡ
˼ţ룬ֿ˿ͼͼϺܲЩطкЩطûСֻкĵط˳Żȥ㷢֡
Դͷ
ʶһͻȻܲרŹ滮һֻˮ··أ
ˮ·дС֣֮Щطд󴬣ˮ·һ׶ˣ·;Ͻֿ⣬·꣬Ȼô󴬣ССһ·ʳ̯˳ɱأ
뵽ͻȻЩͻȻʶһ£Ĺ滮·ߣ˲ֿ⣬͵ҲһֻʳˣණЩں·߹滮£ܼ󽵵ͳɱ֤ȫЧʡԽ·߹רŸЩС̼ʹãֻҪһãǸ𽫶һ·͹
뷨ȽϴǳȴѾף룬һż취ֿͨ⡢̶ӵȵȷӽĳɱЧʣδκ⣬ñȱ˺á
һ뷨صҺ̽ϺЩ˽飬ѯϺ뷨ĿԡϺ֮󣬳ĬƬ̣ң뷨ǼõģҲǼѵġ
ʲôط
˼ſڣϺڸҪľǣˮ·Ҳˮ·ŵǹٸĴ˶ڣû˸һ̶ӣˮ·ϣҲҪĹ·ѵġҪŪôһд̶ӣҪ͹ٸùϵҪ·ϵˮùϵ¾ͺˡʣµģҪǮ
ϺڵĻ˵ͷס
ңϺ룬һЩԥЩ¶Ա˵ѣɶ˵ɾͲˡ
ЩãϺЦЦϾҲǸٷˡ
⻰ɵ㶣Ƭ̺͵طӦ˹
Щ¶棬鷳ľνġϵôͳ͢ùϵôˮùϵѵġǹ̫̫˾˼֮󣬱ǻ飬Ҷʷֻ̨ҪԸ⣬Ź˾˼ҶЩ˵ͷȥŻһĹԱﻹвӵĵ
ֻҪٸƽˣˮС£ˮ͹ٸЩϵùٸкҲˡǲģֱùٸűˣˡ
׹üͷϺڲҶ໰Ƭ̺¶Ҫ˵ȥʱˣ˵ɡ
ϺӦϺȥ
Ϻ˵Ļǡǡ㡣⣬͹ٸϵ̫Уպܻ˾˼ϲ顣Ϊ˾˼ǡ
һľϽȥ˼Ϥٵͼڸһݵ·ֱ·òֿ⣬ܹɱͣЧߡ
һ˼ţһȥ˷УԼĿ
ڶգʷ̨ڳ飬˾˼ǱݺǽʱȫѺȷЩ˹ȥ˾˼ûκָʹݺ˾˼˾˼ٸԭְλ飬ʷ̨һ
ʷ̨ӣ˰ǣ㣬ɷֱӽӹܣֱӳϷ
Ұ𾪣ӳ߳͢ʱ˵ɫ̫ÿ˹˾˼
˾˼Ҷһ߳ĸæôãһǿŹ˾˼̾˿ûˣҲˡұ̻ݣǶҰɡ
˾˼ЦЦҵĸԺɩӶһӡ
ǿЦҲû˵
ãôָأֻÿʱضְʱܼһһ˭˲
˾˼ѹʱɫģһúչɩӡ
ǰҶҲ㲻ģǶڣúչ˼ˡ
ҵǷĵġǵͷҲûж˵
ĸһ߳ȥҪ˾˼ӷϴֻǸߵ⣬Ϳһūվ˾˼߳æȥǹ˾˼˴ˣ
˾˼üǣ
ū½½˼ūͣҼҴ֮˴һ
˾˼˶٣˳ĬţƬ̺󣬾˾˼תͷͬ˵λҿЩҪһ
ȥɡǵͷҪ
˾˼ˣ½ҵһ·ҡҡλΣŹ˾˼½լԺ
½ҵķ޽üΪ򵥣ͬĹԱԵʮƶ
˾˼ȥ֮󣬹񣺡˾˼ˡ
½֣˾˼ĻͷҲû̧֮ʲôˣ̧ˡ
⻰˾˼Ҳ֡½ǹ٣һǷ⣬ûϳ֪Լ飬Ҳ
Ĭû˵½̧Ǹסġ
˵ţ°ͣͬ˾˼衣
⻰˵ü˾˼վƬ̣Ա߲ǰ
ʵû衣
һ᲻ôŵˣǴںȾƣЩ¶õҶûԹ⣬ҲܣĿİ˱裬½ǰ½һ۲豭һ۹˾˼м˳úõúܣóúܡ
˾˼ţֱӰһ赹½Դϡ
סˣ΢Ц֪½ҹк£
ﲻ½˵һ˵Ҫ飬ҪˣҪҴ·ΪҪҪ
½ԽԽĭڿС
˾˼վԭأ΢Ц
½ķ֣һһҺ㽲ĺСӣеСϹͣΪԼúܡҪܸʻ㣬һζ
½ϣˣ˾˼ҲѵȲɡ
½ôϣ˻
Ƭ̺űӣαҪˣҿף̲ˡˣպ󲻺ùˡˣһһˣǵи˻ţҲиȥ¸˱Ұ˶㡣ҿ԰˽㣬м
⻧˾˼̲סЦˡ
½ϣʱ
½ɫ˽˾˼ӣɵ˶ȣһûһŷ֣ȫȻԱڲ¥ȲĵĸҹӣˣиȥģǸվ˶ӣˣûһţǺܿҲ͵ˡǶɢˣڳоʲôûˡҲһЩˣ·˳һЩЩˣҪҵܸΪǵĹϵҪңʷ̨ҲΪҶĹϵҽãһᣬеʱӪԼˣ˵ʲôʸ̸
½û˵˾˼˿ڲ裬ᣬҸŸǱ裬ΪҶʮ־صġоûκαԼһ·ա˵ʵѧҲ޹ޱĹٶǾģǱȴʼվˣҪҪԣҪһλʦ
½̧ۿ˾˼ƽУұЩһǮ½ˣҵȷһ
Ҳˣ١
½ĻЦˡ
׹
˾˼̵ֽģķӡôã֪̰ҲΪҪڣˡ
ҵʲô
½ڣ˾˼룺ϲǮ𣿡
ҲǮϱ׬ǮúܣҪҪǰǮæӪ
½
ҪˣʦǮϱ⣿
δţ
½룬˰Ӫ˱һ£ҿǿǡ


109 
˾˼½гѾҹ½ڼＸŶͬ˾˼һ, ˫˸ͷ, ˾˼Ǵµ˽, һ˸, Ż
Ϣ˵˾˼ȥ½ֻû뵽˾˼ôáԭϯӷϴŵȵؼˣȴһȵȵҹ
㰲ŽȳˣԼоǮˮ·¡Ȼ, ôһ̶, ȻڹҲҪϡζҪ, ļ, , Ǯ
Ǯ, ȵҹʱ, 洫, Ź˾˼ˡæȥͿ˾˼ȵģ˷Ż
˶û, ȥҲūͣӦʲôԱ˾˼ڴ֮»Ǵк, ˣˣߡ
æҲǺͶԷлԷЦЦ֮뿪ˡ
Ź˾˼ߣЩģϲ˾˼ϲô
ԾǿƢŹ˾˼˾˼ִϣȴŬ֧ԼƺѹʣԹû
⻰Щܻǹġ
ӦӣԹû
ţԹˡ˾˼ŵ˴ϣƺЩۣڴϣ˺öơ
˴ˮƺЩܣ˵ЩѡԸѾ˾˼ڴϣ㣬ǲǺᰡ
ô᣿
ͷҶϲ㡣
Ҳǡ˾˼ͷЩᣬֻϲҵˣϲңöˣҵġ
ǣڣҪܶˡ
˾˼ҲᴵˡҲദƢ󡭡
˭ͬ˵ЩüͷЩˣ˾˼ſ۾Ŵʶˣ½˵ҵøԼ·Ҿ˵Ҳû
Ҳһֱȥ
⻰ֶ˶٣˾˼ʼŻæ̵˾˼ڸŻ˼κ͵ſڴϣȥ̵Ż³
ƺܼˣδ⸱ģ۽ۡ
Ҳ֪ôģ;رܣḧŹ˾˼ıȹ˾˼ˣʪøɾ
˾˼ڴϣ㣬ܡ
֣סº͵Ѿһˡ
˾˼˵ˣڴϣþúͻȻ㣬Ҫˡ
֪Ц챾磬ӷϴء
ǹȥˡ
ۣɫЩãȻЩʱʵµúܣǰԼرͣȴͻȻãԼʵûʲô͡ûɱˣҪɱͿ֤֤ɱˡȨǰʲôԣ
۸ˡ
ţ˫£ؿڣ۾ɳظһ飺۸ˡ
˼
ôãͷһζ¶
һֱΪ򶨣˳ᢣɴ˿̲ŷ֣˾˼²ǳԼܣʵҲ˹˾˼
˫ŵҪȴװΪԷ
ָоǰüͷ˫ڻúŵԣȥ˺Ⱦˣ
һģ˾˼ƺЩˣЩˣ˭۸λȥ
㣬ϣͶʮˡҳˣˡ
û˵
Ź˾˼ѾȻ·ҹߣþú֣ס
һϲԡ
͵ͳ
˾˼˯ţҲ
˾˼һ˯ѣͷʹࡣѹѾˣԸ·˾˼Щʶһˣһμ澴ƣ˶ЩҲ˼ܾ
ϴɵЦЦ̧ۿһۣôʲôΪ¶ֻԺ󰡣ôʵϺô࣬塣ǹˣ̧ۣЦеݵˣɵеӡ
⻰ѹ˾˼Цˣ̵˵й飬ô;ôأ
֪ǴˣåһۣϽϳȥ
˾˼ͷһڣ뿪߳ʱͬŶ㣬ȱǮ𣿡
㶣ϵͷȱ
˾˼ЦЦѻݵ˱һ£Ҹܸү
˾˼˵뿪ȥƬ̺ͻȻͬӡҾýĹүرӢ
ӡЩΣˣ˭Ǯ;˭Ӣǰɣ
ҲǣҶ磬ǮҶãǼΪӢġ
Ҷ̲ס˸硣
˾˼˵ܲүҲ׼˱˳ȥ˿
궼ҶϹܣ㲦֮㿪ʼ̣ͬܿܿһǸȡС㡱ȥϵ˹ˣͽŷ÷һڡһھϳףʫ˴󷢣רдһʫס⼸Чټҷ׷ȥһҶΪ˹㿪·ʼԳԣſڼ˴һ׷Գԡ׼˻ͷ𻨷ȵȡ
Գԣ򣬼Ϲټ⡰㡱ףѾΪ˶ͷβĶ
ԭףŶҲͱʮ㡣ڲſʼûмգҶϱѾҪӻˡ
ΪݵȶֽҲԣ峿ʣӾ¥ʱǸˣûһЩû뵽˷ˡ
˶٣عվ
ѿȥɫЩ㲣ţ˸¡
أ
߹ͬһ𣺡һߣ
ӦһҲûܻ䣬һɫƽͣһϲ¥˸ż䡣˶ͻȻǲЦң
֦Ҷ
ֵõŮЦ㣿
һμˣλϣɫƽ͡ϳֳһֽ֮˵ţȥ̧֣ۿ㣬ûʲôҵ𣿡
빫ʲô𣿡
˿ڲ裬ɫƽ͡ѾעúһЦʻʱͬ˵۰ŮϣҵĻ£ҪΪγ롣ţշңˣ̫Ӹշңҿһӡ
˵ţתͷ⣬ɫɬ˭֪ǾȻߵô硣֮ǰ顣ʵʱ˵ġ
̧ۿ㣺˭
Һθɣ
ɫƽ㶣Ƭ̺ȴЦˣЩϵģʵеǹ˾˼ŵһ棬ֻҪ˵ãҾ󸸻ͻ顣
˵ţѳĬȥƺڻʲôþúҪ㣬ԭҲúܺáҵһμ;źⱾҵˡʵͦģÿһ˵㣬㣬Ҿͻ̲ס룬Ȿöҵġ
ұһź޹صĻ£ұü޸һϲˣһֱúܺá
⻰ºЦЦ£ʵҲϲֻǾã˾˼һı־ĺɻ飬ǻڵġ
˵ţ˻ǰģҲϲǰ
ţúЦɡ
»𣿡㿴˿ɫһҪæܲһֱˡ
ѵ˵ͷ˼վſڣͻȻתͷѵҪ޸Ŵӣպºú
⻰Цˣһġ
תͷ⣬ֶͩܣ¶һһֱúܺá
˵ͷѿ̲סЦˣΪҡ
ţЩɻƬȴǷӦЦЦ˵
ºͣҶߣԿݡ
㶣û̸Ჽ˳ȥѿſյż䣬Ƭ̺̲סЦЦЦţȴ
ֱһ̣ᵽ˵
һ仰̲ȫȴֱֱϣ۵˳鴤
ץԱߵıӣ͵ڵذϣʹ۾
У˾˼ˣ½Ĺܼң鷿̸һȻ󽫻ݵĿݸ
½Ҫ׬Ǯ̿ɣһڳﻮһ£½ȤȳﱸúһԵá
½ܼҵͷ˱뿪ʱ½ܼѾʮϤģˣ½ܼҶӡܺãӦ˵ûʲôϵһ˺㽻̸ӡ󲻴ž˵ıܺ츳
½ܼϳڵҼɾǸµģлᣬպҪ˶ָչˡ
⻰½ܼЦЦ˵ҼҴ˵ˣ˴ˣʢЩ˶ԣǸˡ
ˡۣ㲻̫ܾͬã˾˼ǰЩģô͡ݡֶϱߡ
Ȼ˼գͷһóҰ𶯵顣
˾˼ʱ̵һ˽ӡ͵İӣֱأ͵֮ˣ˾˼ӽ֮ࡣ˾˼һû٣ͳͳࡣ
һһ֮ٶԱ⼸Ǵ˽֮һλϹԱ֪˾˼ͥȻѪ
³ʱҶڹ˾˼ߣһͬ˾˼Ǹ˼ʷְ̨
˾˼ЦЦҶĵ顣ЦŻ˼ҡ
Ź˾˼ԶߵıӰ䶼ɪɪ
ֺˣûȥʷ̨


110 
˾˼һ˵׳٣վˡֶ۹˾˼, ڲ¥ꡢݡ㡭
κһط, ˾˼֡
, ޷ǣ˴˸, й
õģǣ˾˼ɵӣô٣Լ·
ˣҲЩšʵֹǱ˵Ը, ҲЩšǸϲѵӲ, Ź˾˼ôâ¶, ﲻɵЩǡ
ֻŹ˾˼й˾˼Ĵ, Ҳס, ͷԼ, Լˡ
˹滮ˮһ, ڹ滮һ·, ˳ȥǹ滮·ӣͷβһ, ˳ٴ͹
ˮ˵·ͷβһ飬ݵ, ԼҪ¡ʵʵ˰¡
£˾˼æýŲմءǣٸˡ˵ĵڶգ˵һٸԱԭ廨ţٲϳб·ˡϴγ˴ֱɡڼҲТ˳͸׳ܵȵȡ
Щ¶Ȼ󣬵ô˲ҲҪһ͡
Ȱؼ⡪Тˡ
Źʻ˳ɹʻڳϳһᣬ˵ʻΪ֤˾˼ǳТ˳ڳϺݺݳ˶һ١һٳҲû˵˾˼Т˳ˡϾԼûôТ˳ܸԼĵô顣
Ȼµֱӽǹ˾˼͹ʻһ֮󣬸˴ҹ
ͽһֱȰȫȰˡ
ȥ˾˼Ȱ˾˼˼ǻȥˣǲԣҲΪ𣿡
ΪҺøƨ˾˼ŭȳָϵĺۼƣҵ׵þûǹ˽أ
ƨʻӴ㻹Ҫ˽𣿣
ʻģ˾˼վſڣı㵱ôôңҲҪģ
Ŷ㲻ˣӲҪˣˣҴ򲻵ǰɣ
ʻ⻰ù˾˼⻰ֱ죬̲ȥֱȥˣȥˣٲȥҿɾˡ
Ҳ۸ң
˾˼˦㣬һƨȥڴſڣָվԱߵһȦ˵Ƕ۸ң찤ңǻ׼ָңҵʲôãʲôãڼһҪҪ۸ҲˣҺ˵㻹Ĳˡȥǹ٣ңʲôӣ
ӻүأ
ʲô飿ʲôӳ購ʲôһ֮
㣺
Ȱסˣ̾˿ͬ˾˼ðɺðɣɾţһ¶ȥϵ¶æˣԸ
˵꣬ͬԱľϵľϣȥѩҪˣǵøȵɤӣϳüˡ
˾˼⻰Щ㶣ɵõ㲻Ȱ
ҡҡͷίҲšһæˡ
˵꣬վˣ˾˼ſڣһʱЩΣıӰɵõҪȰȰ£
ûڰ֣תˡ
һӾʣ¹˾˼һſڣʻϴš
ռ˱ˣЩˡ˾˼һţûʲôϷһһվƨɵҸ˵Ҳ˵ˣɫ
˵꣬˾˼ת뿪
ԸȻæ⼸˶æʱҲû٣˾˼뷽̬ȣ㲻ˡԼڼһλûУһ㶼
ڴշת֮࣬ڻһϴ˾˼ֱѹϡ㶣Щɾ㻹û˯
˾˼ЩˣҲ֪ˣΪʲôЩ
æ
ЦЦָ̧Ź˾˼ıƽҲôæģ㱻ˣ·٣ȻĶʱôң
һ⻰˾˼ˣȻ֪ұˣ㻹ң
æ̾˿˾˼ͷæҲԼʱ䣬ûңԲæ
㣺
Լ˾˼ˡ
˼룬һģɱԩҡ
ð㣬˵仰˵ԩˣɼɸҿñˡ
㣺
㱻˾˼ûޣ̾˿Ҳɣ
Ȼġ˾˼һ档
㿴Ҫʲô
˾˼⻰ˣϱЩ˷ܣϽͬҧŶ˵ࡣԽԽ죬ڵôˡȥϴ裬ðɣ
˾˼ʱЩȱȱϹȥ̾˿˵ҲǣջҪ㣬űӣǰԹôȥҾñҪҶӾ
㱻ЦɱϹ˵ˡ
ģ˾˼ҷ˵㶼ţҸβһҪͱ٣սٻغϡ
졣ȥ۵˯ˡ
˾˼Ӻ汧Ҳ˵ˣԼٶ˵䣬˯ˡ
ˣ룬ڵⰸʲôʱǸͷ
Ҫһ롣˾˼۵Ҫ̫ˣڽӵˣϾҪԣ֮󣬺ġ
Ӧһú˼ҪСİ
˾˼û˵ҹ۾ֽ̧㱧ţ¡
Ҳ¡
͵ֻǵ㡣˼ʵϣٱ̫󣬾͵СĹ٣ҪͷҪվӣһֱƽƽȵĹˡ
˾˼⻰̲סЦˣº͵Ҳġ
Ҳģֻǲܵġ
ﶼз꣬ģֻгΪһôӻӻˡ
׹˾˼˼Ҳûٶ˵ͷʼóר˽ȥһӣ츳ֿǽѧʺõʦڣΪ̶˲š
Щʱգ㣬Ǯġģ׷׾ˡһʼʱʲôͲˣ˾˼¶Щ棬ѯôʲôˣ
㷭˸ۣЩˣ֪ԼʧȥʲôҰѳֲס
˾˼˵Цˣͷ룺һ͵ֲʧˡ
˾˼ҪʱЩˣŹ˾˼һҪһʮֵǮֲʧ
ֻǹ˾˼˵⻰·һ㡣ÿæ顣
û˼գ̫ӰʦسϢ̫ӰʦسҲζ̫ӣҪβˡ
Ѱ̫ӰʦسǰΪ̫ȥǧ̫ˣǱҪЩ˻֮ǰɾ
룬Щʱ䣬һиɴŲᡣ
ô˼գʹѴϢѼ޵ڵĶӣȻȥ˾˼Ҳ֮С
ڻǳţɫ˰ɫһȥţ֮ǰʱģȻͬ
ϾҲڶһӣ͸ĵףŹ˾˼ȥȻǲ˹˾˼ӵġ
һ·ȥȥ·ϣпŵҲǺ˵ȸ֮ǸƢõĹӸ޸ȸ֮ȰȰĺԵ
˾˼⻰ȴЦЦûж˵ʲô
㲻֣Цʲô
ȸ֮˲˾˼Цŵ˵Եȴδء
㶣ô˵
֪ȸ֮Ϊ񲻻飿
ΪΣ
ȸ֮˸鼫ãǰ̫ӣҲѸ֣֮´ͻ飬ڱȸ֮ȢԵΣ
⻰ˣƬ̣ͻȻһ
Ҷ˵Ż£ǹ˾˼ġ
һ·û˵Ÿ㿴һ괩һվſڣ忡ɫĮȻϲȴǰ˶䴿ɫ
ϲϹҰ׻װ磬Ǽû
͹˾˼һ˽Σͬȸ֮ȸ֮ޱ
˾˼һϯһ󣬾ͱȥ
˵˵ˡһͨŮһȸ֮һվڴá֮ϣϷںķˣλȴǷһλ
Ҷʲôֻȸ֮Ѱ˸ĸڷ޶԰֮ǰͻȻͣסͬѵ£Ͻһݡ
Ѷ˶٣Ƭ̺ΪΣ
ͬ޷ģһֻһλӡȸ֮ޱ飬ĮкɫУȸ֮Ż·ԸȻһҪ޽빫Ȱݼˡ
ݼˡ
ŹأֻҽţŻȰݼˣõ˵ɡ
˵һһȴû·˶Ĭȸ֮
㿴ϵѣֱͦأ
ȸ֮񡣡
˵꣬ԱͻȻѵͷ͵ؾѹȥ
̫ѱѹŵ͹ȥ˶ڲȸ֮ƽ£ӵ꣬ڹǰһһҹ빫Ϊɻǵã
ҧأƬ̺Цˡ
˵ţվȴ͵˸ͷȸ֮ŭȳȸ֮ث֣ʱգְ취˱ǰɣ
ˣڿڣƽϲŭҲֻ̫˼ˡǱ´ͻ飬ɡ
ˣ
ѽϲһ˦ŭҲǹֵõȢȸ֮б£ôҸ磿Ȣ裬ΪܱˣҸ㣬㵱û±סˣû£
סҧˣˣҲ˼ޡ
˵꣬ѱ˳ȥֺܱһƬϲȥ׷ѣȸ֮׼׷
׷ɡ
ŷ˿ڣͻطȥϢͰ쵽
һӣ˭϶ÿ͹˾˼ԹҴһȥյûã˾˼ӣŸˡ
˾˼ϴͷˮ˵
Ծˡ
⻰˾˼סˡ
̧ͷ𾪡Ƭ̺󣬷˾˼ƽŶ֪ˡ
˱ͻȻ֮ǰĻ
ֶͩܣ¶
˵ʲôоؿͻȻЩƣ˾˼̧ۿ̴ӸղžûЩʲô
˼̧ۿҲûŹ˾˼ǲõģ
ʲô
˾˼ƽ֪˼䣬ѵ飬޸ȸ֮ڡ
˾˼Ĭһȴǵã߲ãʲô𣿡
ҲǳĬˣƬ̺ڵܸܲΪʲôΪʲôҪ½飬޸ȸ֮
ǲǻɣΪ㣬
˾˼һ˫ۿͨ͸㣬ؿűߣǣģôң̣ȶƣǱĶƣʬ嶼͸˻ͬ˵
ȸ֮ҪΪʲôŪȸ֮ɣȸ֮ķȥָڹ죬һ䡮ıӦ¿ˣһжԭ𣿣
˾˼ƽۣ̲סЩꡣ
˫̫̫ͨ͸·ǰĶ̲ס̿
̧꣬˿ڲ裬ͷ˱ƽ˼ҲڿҲΪƽ
ֻǵ㡣
ƽͣûйϵϣӦһ£̧ۿɫƽȣǵΪʲô١Ϊ˱ңΪ˱ˡΪĲ˵ġùǧ䡯ΪԼƿΪΪ
ǮȨԻģϣδԶǵãԼΪʲô·
˾˼⻰һʱ˵㣬úɳƵΪʲô׬Ǯ
㶣Ƭ̺Ц˵Ϊ㣬𣿡
ôϲˣ
˾˼⻰̲סЦЩ˼
ϲЩ㣬ƺ¹˾˼ʱ˵ҪңңţеǮܻǺõġ
˾˼
ҸƱ
ˡ
˾˼
㣬˾˼̾˿ߵߣȥڻңҲˡ
֪
῿·һСľ͵ȥˣҵ㡣
˼ƽ͵Լһ͡
š
˾˼о˶ƽ
֪Լʲôգ޷ΪǸ˵Լ۵ĵط
һҪ޵ģ²޸ܲٿصˣ޸ȸ֮Ϊ˱˽û
˵û
˾˼۾޸ȸ֮ʱ֪һ㣬òáңϣĲá
ǸˣҲ˺㣬ףϣ㣬ҲãһΪһӣұʲôӣҶǹ˾˼Ҷ㡣


111 
ĵڶգ˾˼ϳ, ͬ⼸ȥĻϢһ, ڶˡ
⻰, ˶, ̧ͷʲôŹ˾˼ɫƣҲ֪ʣֻǵҰѼ˶ȥɣûȥססǷǲˡ
˾˼Ӧһûٶ˵ʲô
, ڴ, ˾˼þò˯, , ֵӻ», ұҪ׼ӹ, , ȥòã
, 򴽣̧֣ס, ԭɾŶʮꡣ
ѽ˾˼Щ⣬ɣʮ, Ķȥ㹦ھҲԶˡ
㿴ģ֪ڰҲûж˵ֻǽͷ˹ȥһԲ
ڶȫĳУȥ˻ס֮û˶ãʹϢ˵̫ڹŻѪ̫ҽ龲Ƿʰһ£̫Ų˾Էȥú
Էλã乬Զ׵˶֪ǾʵȨ
ڻ㣬ɫ˶û˵
ϣһҹû˯ľϺӡɽ
ҹʱ֣ԶԶУȴɱ֮Ǻɱ֮һֱŽûʲô
ɽϣһֱŶûж
ȵ쳹״Ӳһ·˻¡
һ·Ź˾˼˶ʱؤͷӣ˶ؤʵȴǹ˾˼ڶߡ
һ·˻ɽҵɽ㣬Ŵٷˡ
תͷһ˫ͨ͸˵ɡ
үСٷ˻ؼҡ
˵ţ¶Ц
ϲɫȴǿסתͷͬӡԸȥʰʰȥɡ
ӻɽǵʱ򣬶ӵѾɨɾָƽյģ
е·ͱסȴǷߵĴ̫ŷվſڣЦеٷˣһˡ
ȥȻǲҲȥģŷ˹ʱлɨϵѪһ·Ѫˮֱӽ鷿ſڡ
ΪǷĶ裬˵Ҳ֪ι˾˼Ȼ˴󹦡
ﶨ˶񣬻ûͱȻ𣬶Ϳһ糺ɫٷվſڣЦӯӯ˵
㶣ù˾˼ڵǰӣôЩðʧһʾ˾˼Ҫ̧̫֣ڹ˾˼ֱϣŹ˾˼վ
֮󣬹˾˼ֱӷס鷿ȥߵ׵£ˡ
Ź˾˼˵ӣ̲סЦˣתͷܸͬʵһ˵źӣиģҪۼţҶڹ˳ᢵĹ˴ˡ
ҸŷЦ㲻͸Ź˾˼ڷǰͬٷˣɾ˴󹦣ޱҪνģԭ룬ʮŮƽ𣬽һŹˣͷҷһ·˵ͻ۽
ţȫĳ˾˼ӡ֪Ǹø˻Ǹֻº͵˵Цˡ
û˵Цڰ֣ŮҪƽˣȻһν˵Ҫھˣ޾ͽˣ㿴˰ֻƷҸƷھƷߣ㿴ô
£Ա߹˾˼̾˿۸
⻰÷ģ̵ôˣ㣬С̫죬ڳûȥɵúúʰ
˵̵ּ꣬Ȼôجج·СӹҼһ㣬һƷھؼҡ
ؼ·ϣ㻹Щɣ˾˼Աߣҡŷôûأ㲻ϲھҸˣ˲
㱻һҹô£
֮ǰ֪˾˼˵ҲͲʣˣҪˡ
˾˼˵£ȴҲֳ࣬ԱСϣͷҡӵˣֶˣ֮ǰ̫ˣǽİϴһ룬Ȼ̫Ȩ̵̫ˣԷϾˡǾ͵أΪ̫ǧȥʲôɽˮ𣿡
˾˼һ̫ϰ߱µˣµİµǻһֱΪ²ɱҪɱɱˡȴˣȻĳʼǵݽڶʹѪԣɱȫΪϷļƻڳϴӰϷ֮£ҪڣȻᰲó׵׸ɸɾҹǾڹﲼǹء
ɾˣ˾˼˲裬˾˼ͷɾˡ
˵⻰̫⣬̲ס̧һۡ
Щ¶ڹ˾˼ԣ·ѾϰߣֲˡȥϾȥûʲô˰ɣ
ûС˾˼ϽҹһֻСͻϮ׼նµġ㣬㿴ҷĿιɰֱ˫ȫ۹̫ˡܴǧӵѡҹ˾˼һⱲõ
˵𾢣㿴˼ˣҲûǿŴЦ˾˼ԿһͻȻתͷͬŶи¶
ţ
Ҿ˾ˣ˾˼ԥŵӦþͻҵۡǰʱסǼң㰲һ°ɡ
Ӧһº͵İɣһᰲ
Ҿ˾ˣ˾˼еѸ㡣
ţ
̧ۣЩãȻѸ㣿
ţ˾˼Щģ룬ͬҪøֽһ£
ЩãȻ˾˼Ա߷ֽʹݸ㣬׼ǣҿʼ˵ˡ
űʣ˵ͷƬ̺󣬾˾˼Ҫ׼ĸŮרźӣĸŮ˱볤úÿһĺÿøз飬һ裬һ֣һᰴĦһ¶ÿ϶ʱ糯ǰʱ𴲣·ҪóƸѬڱϽ䱦իרŶƣˮǳ¶ˮǰҪ¶ǼԺﻨˣǵøϽҪ̬ȡζȽϸӣÿ춼ҪͬĲϵԵʲôϵĴر
Ź˾˼Ļһʼڼǣˡ˾˼˵˰죬еʣ˿ˮ˻ŵǺ𣿻С
˼֪˾һҪǮ𣿡
˾˼㶣Ƭ̺˹һǸƢ̫ãҪǡ
ΪʲôôüͷЩ⣬Ǽͣ͸ǼҰšƢòǼǻҪ𣿡
һ˾˼һֲ֪㡣㿴Ź˾˼Щۣù˾˼Сʱ˾˶Űô
̧ס˾˼֣˼£Ѿˣ㻹ȢңҲ۸ġǼˣᣬҾʰ
ǡ˾˼Щԥǡ
ʲô
üͷ˵һ취
ǣǮ
˾ʱ˵ˣ˾˼Ź⣬˽»һС⣬סǼЩʱ䣬Թȫҿ
һ⻰ֱͦӣ˾ղҪǾȥӭӰɡŶ˼˾ǰϲϲʲôӣҸ׼һ¡
˾˼
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лҪ˵㣺Ǯɥʧԡ


112 
û˼ҡܽù˾˼ȥ׼ˡ
ǳϤλܵܵ磬ȥ, Ů, ȻһڽӲӵ·ڹ, ·ʱѵһչ˽ӡ
㿴Žʱ, ̲סţȻ˾鷳Ϊβѵˣ
̾˿㣬ǼҲǰУһǮ˷𣿡
һý, Ů·ѵ˵Ǯ, û˱, ǵȷһʲƵķá
ʰ, ڶ, ʻȫȥ̲ſڵŽӡ·Ϲ˾˼Žһλ˾ˡ
ǽԭǶ׸, һ, һһŮ, СĶӡŽүԭĴ㣬ýҵĴӽɽСӽӾ, ˭֪ɽٲ꣬Ϊǣһ£ŵϽ, Ȼ·ϡүζ˺֮󣬸ǲԸ⽭ӵ٣˭֪ʮ꣬͵͵μ˿ƾ٣Ԫ˵ڹٳƽƣ֮꣬ڳãӹΪ֮飬ٳùԱᡣǳ飬ӻѾλةҲһ
ȻЩǱȽϹٷ˵Ź˾˼˽½ܾǣ˾ƢرƽʱЦеģǵãһҪ
ԸȽţҪ˵˵㣬һҪ£һ׼ô򣬼ǵøҩϲ
㲻غ£һңֻҪ׼ôͿˡ
˾˼Ⱦ˺ܾõķΧڸŴ󲿶ӵ̲ſڣȻȫҹؾվſڣһ洫˽ŲţһӰſڡ
˵ĵһۣһƬɫŽӲӵۣŰɫźͷϽ顣
ȥʮͷüΪӢüۼź͹˾˼ƵĺɫֻΪ˵ԵʣøһЩһСȣ߳ϣСȡৡһţӷ˶ǰ̧ۿԶû߸пǺþûô۵̫ˡ
˵ţתͷɨһ۹˼ˣЦЦþò㣬С˼

ʻǿЦݣ˽ӵ֣ǶѼ׼ˣϽȻؼңԶٺõİɡ
ýˡӣױʾл̧һɨֱǼܽӲӵ˹ȥ
ýͿ棬ȥΪݻʵϣŵȥһΣȷ͵ǰȥǮӲںϲǮĸо
֮㿿˾˼ĵ˾˿ȥͦദġ
˾˼ǿһЦݣ㿪ľͺá
˶˿͹˾˼ȥһͿӣͬ˾˼С˼;˾ôأɣŶ˵ţӰĿ䵽ϣǸСֶϱɣһɡ
⻰˾˼ʱȴûΥͷ
ǳĸŮⶼǽѡõģ͹˾˼ʱ򣬽ӿһŮԴŴһŮŽţԱ߻һŮڵϸιѣһŮãͬӵ֧
ԼǸӣһ̣ıסˡ
ɹ˾˼·ǷǳϰֳˣԶԶģһ򶨵Ⱥ˵ã˿Դң˿ң鷳ңϱ
ôĿףЩˡ̧ۣϸϸһЦӴŮڳϵʲôʱҹŮ鷳С˼˾˲ôûƷˡ
˵ţһɨ΢ţס˴Ц۹治ֲҸĹҪҪôСɵ椡
⻰˵ˣͷһִҲգôֿɰ
ɹ˾˼Բʲôû˾ˣһ㡣
ʼ磬ֵ̯һǸһôôú׵Ůôһ׵ǲ̨·Ҷû˵ʲôˣ㻹Ҳƣ
˼ĳ棬ҪѧôǮ˼Ҷ˵ˣ㿴㣬˳еңȫûм̳Ұȡ˾ûӣ㲻úü̳һݷȣԺô֪ǽҷò
˾˾ˣ˾˼Ҹһ
裬̧ס˶ͷƺᵽʲô飬룬̧ۿ㣬ãǼһкһӢδ޵Ľ𣿡
ɫߣ
˾˼̧־ͳ˹ȥӵס˾˼ȭͷЦп˹ȥС˼ˡ
˾˼⻰֪ΪʲôͻȻеˣȻһ˲䣬Ϳһ˹ȥ˾˼ֱӾͱ߳˵ϡ
̾ͣ
û˵꣬ӵӾѹϣ޴ͬ泵òɵɫ׼ͣ
ûͣ˾˼׷˹ȥŭӣб¸ͣ£
Ź˾˼ЦеС˼岻аǶһ£׷ɡ
˵꣬³Цп㡣
˾˼һߣ˲оһѹȸչ˳ӿ򶨣֮󣬽ЦһҵûССһ
⻰˿֪һأǹˡ
˵ɵŮϣԼѣҲ㣬Ҳ֪¶˼һ·߹Ӧл㡣ֶΪǸӵܣʵúܡһ̴ֽģԭҪȢû뵽Ȼ©
㲻׽ͬ˵ЩҪʲôţӵҲϲŮˣҽŮˡ޸ԼһӾһˣԸúǮԺǮ˼٣ǹ˼ҵĻʯȡ
˵ţ̧ۿ˵Щף
׵ġºͣϴЦüǾ÷ܣֶϱҲһ⣬˼˵ڹ˼ʱе˸һпǾ˼˵ģǣ
㶣Ƭ̺Ц
СӿڴߣѹסЦȤúܡ
ЦƬ̺󣬽ƺЩƣ۾ȻףҲͲˡеǮպڶʲôѴͬ˵˵
˾˵Щˡ
ҡȣǰݿ꣺˾ݹӦҲûʲô֪࣬˾дôãԸģǱΣ
⻰תͷ㣬ĿЦʲô˼
˾ˣתͷ⣬˾˼ڼ׷ܣ˶Ź˾˼ѹǵЦ⣬˼һֱԩģԼñ·λλɡϣѾ˼ˣ̹
ʲô̹ϣЦп㣬û˵ú̧ۿ򽭺ӣˣ֮䣬ûй𣿡
û˵ˡ
Ƭ̺ЦЦתͷ򴰻⣺СѾͷƬѽ
˵ţɫЩȻ˵ˣ˵Щʲôأ
ûбܻ䣬⻰ˡţվûнʵĻʳڡ
һ·е˼Ҵǰǰ
˸һԶȲϽӹȥĸۡһ̲סˣôõլӣֵطסţǲñ𣿡
˵ţһ̧ͣͷһȴǹ˼ҵס˶Է·
˼ҵĺں棬ŷˣӺ룬Ƕ˵Ҳ˹˼ҵ·
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վǰ, ɫݵȻ, ǰ̣̫кλ˵
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˯ȥȵڶϣ˾˼˳ϳ֮󣬹˾˼ͷվλò̫ԣٷɫҲ̫ԡ̫̫ԭǴӶƷϷ˿ȴɫٷ
˾˼һۣӦҶһʹЧ
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ⲻ޵ĴãƽԼεġ
ʣһ׷ң񽹼㲻˶֪̫ԼΪʲôҪȥﲻϣģ˵ĵزˣ𣿣
ͷϴﷺŲˮˮ浹ӳЩƣݣ̫ҲҪܣҪִĲľɶҪ˵һ䡣
ʣ̫Ǹˣñô⡣
˵꣬ˤ뿪
֮󣬷̾˿
˭Ǻˣ˭ǻˣָһʮëأ
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Ȼû죬͵ȵһݻƺɵļƻ
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㶣˾˼ӣָԤ㣬ǹδûûǮδ˼ﳭ𣿡


114 
⻰ɫ˵òÿˣ, ȻȽϺǮ, ǰ, ȻǮһЩ, Ǯǹý⣬˵˵ȥ޷Ǿǻû¡ԺκηһûǮˣĻܸʲôʲôҪɣʡǮֻǮȵǮҪ
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Ǹһ⣬ֲܲӡ
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ǷڹȥڶݵĿǣȻ鷳ġһȡʵ۵ΣķҪǮʵ۾ٲ̣˾˼òǮҲҪһΡ
ԸǮǾ͸á
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лҪ˵̣Ƕܲܽ˾˼һȺŹңǻ۸Ǳ㸽˾˼òɱ˫۰ɣ
˾˼ллĳñ˧


115 
⻰˾˼Ĭȥ
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˾˼ӦȥȻУڲ鿴˱
ڶòڶҲ˹㿴˾˼ǳüչҶϿһۣһͬҶϵȥ˼
ҶЦЦû˵ʲôת뿪Ŀȥһ£̫񣬵ͷǰţͻȻײһϡײòˤȥԷȴһסЦŵ·ҪСˡ
ΪȪϿҶ̧ۣ۱һżΪݣȥʮͷȴ˼µͨ͸ҶһʱˣƬ̺͵ػعһˡ
Ź˾˼ľ˾˽ס˹˸ź͹˾˼мƵݣҲѲ³ݡ
ҶϵĻüӴʶң
ŮҶϣٷ
Ҷϻشù⻰ɵö࿴ҶϼۣЦеҶҴСôƢǳ֮⡣ߵĹúܡ
Ҷϵͷû˵ûôÿˣ˺͹˾˼ú񣬵ȴ˼ֹ˾˼ûеȣʶŮ˵ġ
ӼȣЦЦҶСȥæĳ㲻ˡ
ҶϳӦȥ֮Ժ˵˵Ҷˣأ
ҶСˡ
Цŵ´ҪЩźá
⻰ЩˣҲ֪ȵҡ
Ա˶ŴЦһ䣬׷أҪЩ
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˾˼̾˿˵ӦУҪóôǮأҪһЩͷС
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ף˾˼̧ͷ㣬ҲųծܷŸΪǮҾͲ㻹ݳôǮݣȻ쿴Ǻ֪һģǼֱΪ
ӦҲ뵽˼ţҪǮʵҲ򵥡
ţ
˾˼̧ۿ㣬ЦЦ˼룬ݵٵģһ㶼Ǽ徭̣ܲɷ֣԰ɣ
˾˼㶣ݣݹٳһ¶˾˼Ҳȷ׵ġº͵ݹٳʵ˵棬һͬ£ҲûʲôҪͷǸͷˡ
ͷʲôã
˾˼㣬æѯʣԥƬ̣룬ڵ˼ȥ̸̸
ȥ̸
˾˼㶣ͷԣ˽̸
˾˼û˵̧ۿʲôĬƬ̣ڵ϶ȥ̸
ȥɡ
˾˼һͻȻڣ㶣Щ㡭㲻ǲϲ
ǲϲ˾˼ЦұҲǸ̳ӣҪˣҼϲ㲻ȥ̸Ǹϲ㲻ȥ̸Ե̫С۶ˡ
˵ţ˾˼󷽵ȥ̸ɣֻҪȥ˭С
⻰ס͵Ц
Цʲô
˾˼üͷ˵ʱ㲻øжŶԣ
ɾƢŴһ˵λͼǵڣ˵ԼǸ̳ӣȷҲ
¶Ϲ˾˼ҲԼЩæ˻ʲôʱȥ
룬תͷһɫҪڰɡ

ף
תͷ˾˼һͷס
㶨ȥ׼Լ׼̵ĵͼ͸Ԥ㣬ѣȥ帮
ǰųţ˾˼̻·ųȥ˾˼һ·β㣬帮֮˰˾˼ƵԺȥ˼ôǽȥȻ˰֣ҪϢȥѶȿе󣬶ҽȥҲʲô
һʱЩɥ룬һ⣬Ͻȥһҳµ꣬һȥͬϰϰ壬죬Ҵһ£ҪҴرÿǸŮ˼žϲ֣
ͽȥʱڵ㣬ܼҸհѹ˼ҵİͽ̿˼ҰеĻƣƤһ̵
ǹٷˡ
ܼҹ㶣ʶ˾˼أ
˴û
üͷ룬Щ׽׼һʲô˼ǵͷ˽˽
ϾŮ죬̼˾˼һ⣬ȥ·Ȼ˿
ʱڿһɽˮͼ
һˮɫȹˮɴɫˣⳤȹԳ޳ĲȥͬһֻŵĹºףլԺ֮С
ûоſھվһ;עıӰ
Ƭ̺Żعͷվſڣ㶣Цˡ
ˡ
̵ͷȴǽһƺ
Ҳ⣬ⳡϣҿʼԡˡΪơ
ܹڷҵŮӣʸԼϡ
㲢ڳƺЦЦӦ߽̲֮ŵ˶ԷǷȤ
ױʰɣ
㿴̣ȴǵݳһطʶá
û˵˿ڲ裬ͷȷҲȥ
ʱĸÿ¶ȥɽطҲʶġ
̺ŲĶ˶٣Ƭ̺˻²Ӧĳɵİɣ
Ȼǣ˼ͼֽ˷ǰ̸ͬһ⡣
˵ţͼֽϣߵϵͼֽЩɻǣ
պ̶·ߡ
ƽָͣͼϵ̶֧Ҫɵˮˣݳϵݣ˾ݣ⣬·ת½·ɱ֤ͳɱ£̶Ƚÿһط
û˵ͼ֪ô뵽Ķֿͨ⡢滮·ߡ½·ˮ·ķʽͳɱô붼ףһŮôЩ
˵·Ҫ˾ݣƺӻǺܹؼһӵ
⻰̧ۿǣ˵ЦˣƺӲʺͨ
ҡҡͷƺʲʺͨ˿ˡ
û˵˵ڶͼڶͼƺӵķƺһɵ̰ӣһι滮
ķӵӹʵ̩ɽ´ĵ͵УƽˮȻ̫
ƺδ꣬ʺָ̹ͨ滮ļؼ˵ķֻҪһ̰ӿϿͿԷ뻴ˮɻˮһ·ͨеݡʱ̶ӿԽˮˣֱ˾ݡ
Ļŵͼȷ󣬷˵ò
ƺӣպˮ˱
˼Ϳʼϸϸ˵￪ʼʲôտɵ
˵ʱԶֿܷ̫ԶΪͼֽô塣û̫һľ룬Ȼ£ǿŵϵƮǼ⣬Щ
Ƭ̺˵̧꣬ۿ˾ã뷨Σ
̱һʻźۼһЦЦ뷨Ǽõģֻ»ǲף˵ЩΪʲô
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⻰ͷˣˣЦΪ˷˵ˡ
Ϊ˷ҲΪԼ˿ڲ裬ҪҪõǮ̶ӵĹɷݣ
⻰˵ˣ̷̶ӵ
̶Ľˣ˵ǾˣǼʶ̣Ҳ̲סĶ
˵ƽȣƽȷһ˵θУ˵㣬ں˵һ͹۵ġɵ顣
˲ģͶǮ̶ӿʼӪԸÿһ꣬ҶҪԭۻһǮ͵ǮҵģΣ
⻰
Ȼǵ٣˭ҪԼ˽ǳ֪Ҫ£ֻҪ׬Ǯ
㿴̵飬֪ĶˣˣʵҲö룬¶˵ֻ׬ûпġֻҪ£Ǯ޻ƺӡǮϣãԼֺ죻Ҫǿһ˵Ǻ޷աƺ£޺ˣİ£պʷ֮ϣ֡޺֮ڰеǾͲһˣʱκҪҪһ°ա
˵ã룬Ϊλĳأ
⣬ԡ
˿ڲ裬ԥΪǮ
㶣Ƭ̺̲סЦЩεˣǡ
ɫ䣬̺Ų裬ҡҡͷ˰ˣˣ˵ʵĿڲ̫ãʵ벻ʲôؾɡ⡣
롣
ҾܾôԸң
⣬̧ۿȤȫû᲻شȻƬ̶󣬵ȷҲش˾ܾһὨ¶Ļ˰
һı飺ȻΨŮСǣ̽ŵһ⡣ҹô£ҺûǹҶ˾˼ô𣿡
⻰úһˡǵ£޹ء
⻰̹ЦЦˣ治˵ѡ
ɫ̻Цϣ㣬º͵˲˵ʵ˵ıȻǣݺνȰǮƭ֣պʰ
⻰ȫȻûаֱҴգ̿㣬ķӦƬ̺²豭ѻ˵ôףôЩ˼ˡ
ԣĿ䵽ϣôأ
ĳˣǣĳŻҪ롣̿㣬죬ϰ壬ĸԸƭ
ŶЦ˵õ棿
档
⻰¶ЦݣҪҪõǮﻹи̡
㶣㿪ʼһȱǮĿ
̺ðŻ˹̧֣Լͷϣʹϰǲƭ
Ȼƭˣ¾͸ˣ
վҲû帮
߳ȥͣڿſɽˮīú󣬵ͷЦЦ
֮󣬸սͿ˾˼
źۣɫͷ飬һСȣɫϽŽգȥǳ
˾˼òǼʺĴģֻռʢٴÿЩڶĿ˸ƲĿˡ
㶣Ƭ̺㿴˾˼תͷЦЦ·㣬ˡ
˵ٶ˫Ư۾ɵÿ˰ġ
ЦЦͷǱؼҰɡ
˾˼ӦһԼ
ϣﱧͼֽƬ̺ʵûסЦ
˾˼㶣Цʲô
˼̧ǰƺϹױĹ˾˼ѹЦԴ׵ķʽǲͬѰ
˾˼һ⻰֪ǿ˼Ҳûúɴ˴Ӳ¾
˵ţЦһǣɾġ
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лҪ˵Դ׺
ܲãŮˣҵġ
˾˼Ůˣô˧ġ


116 
˾˼ббһǣ˵ķζ
ڶ˶ʮ, ƾľ˫۾, ˾˼۾, ֶ˼峺, ĵı»˵ĸɾǲһŮ˿ȥ鶯
̲סŤͷȥҡȲ˻̸ˡ
ţ˾˼Щ棬̸׵ģ
㽫˵һ飬˾˼ţȴЩ̻ô˵
Ȼǵġ
ЦЦԸ̶, ϰ, ¹Ǯ, Ȼɻƺ, ˵, Ѿ, ָ, һƺɶҲǺ, ǱҲˣǲȰǿɾǼ˰ˡ
˾˼ŵͷ, Ƿ˳ʲô¶ܸ㶨
ҲΪԸ, 룬¶װ֪ɡ˵ʵǲԸͬǣ̫ġ
ţ
˾˼Щɻ󣺡Ӱ𣿡
Ӱ㡣
̾˿˼ҲһգһΪۡ
ô᣿
˾˼ЦİɣǼ˵ۣҲ㡣ƣΪңȥǮˡ
Ǯһۣȥ̸ġ޻ƺӣߵƺü˻ƺӣҾֱͨȥˡ
ǣ˾˼ͷ
˵˵ЦЦ˼ȹ˼죬̱תݵӣ˵ƺһ£Ըеȫ
⻰˵ĶȥųоͿʼﱸȥƺӵĶ顣
֮һȷɻƺ֮㿪ʼĴ˵̼ҸǮﱸ̶ӡ
ﱸ̶¾˵Ǯ㹻ôľֵģռ˳ﱸ̶ɵĳɱΪ˱֤ȨԼɣΪµܣԹõɣһĳɣʣ»ɣҪ˼
֪½ͽǮԼ½ˣҽ߶
Ӳţֻҵ˾˼ͬ˾˼ܹϱǮˣſھҪһʮһʮΪҼңֱǷˡ
˾˼Žӳ˫£УбڳϣЦŵ˾ˣһʮôɰҪ͸
⻰𾪿Ź˾˼Ƭ̺һҴˣвҲͬ˵Щ
˵ţӸһӸ˾˼˻ֵϽ߰ɣҸúÿҩ顣
лл˾˴͡
˾˼˳Ͻˡ
Ӽ˾˼Чֻܻһӣ㣬һ㣬Ͷ㵽˹˾˼ӹ졣
˾˼ӹ˺ܶˣˡ
˿Թ˾˼Ķ裬˾˼æ÷
ҽԳģɡ
󣬱㳯Źʻ˿ڣʻ΢΢һ㶣̺͹˾˼һ˵л¡
ɷǵǷ֡ûʵԴ֣Ǳҫ
˾˼ףǷڸ·һ۷˸л¡
һ׼󣬿ʼʽļӹһĹ˾˼ûЦ֣࣬ǣֱڽӵİ£绲ڣƤͣϾ͡
ÿһͷڣҪչʾһ飬Ȼɷףʡ
λϣŹ˾˼ͷڣɫ֣أͬ˵ĸоӿ
һ仨ԼӣȻʢšһ·߹һ˲䣬˶ôֶݡ
ȼӹϣ˾˼ڵϣŷ֣Ź˾˼º͵겻ʮȴǳ͢Ź֮޳̫˵պ˵ģ⻰ҲҪͬ˰˵һ顣պ£˵ġ˰о֮ţպ֮Ը˰֮Ʒԣ֮߻֡塯ɡ
֣˾˼΢΢һͷߵл
ӹϺ󣬴硣һУɹ˾˼š
ǰӹں꣬þúЦЦ֪Ϊθȡֳ壿
˫񣬡˾˼ƽ֮ߡһϣ΢Ϊһӣѳúúø̫ӡ
ų壬ֻһҲֻǸͨľӰˡ
ûӵĳӣںڰ·ˡ
ЦЦº͵֪˼̧ۿ˾˼̾˿㻹ᣬʱջպ̫ӱ㿿ˡ
˾˼⻰ڻǹص
ƺڵŹ˾˼⻰˵ͷЩƣˣȥѰɣˣЩ˵ľҲʡ
͹˾˼˵꣬˾˼ŷſڣͷ뿪ȥ
Ȼ֮󣬹˾˼һԺӣͿԺʯϰ˾̳ӡҶΧһȦ͵
ӳ°ͣŹ˾˼߹ЦŵС˼ӹڣ˾˱֪һ˸κȾơ
˾˼¶Щµı飬һǸ˰ɣ
Ÿ磬¡קס˹˾˼һ㿴ŵģˣҰ㿸ȥ
᲻˵ġ˾˼ƴǣһô죿
޷ҶЦЦͬ˵㲻˵ʲôġ
һ˵˾˼̾˿ʯϣֻܵû취ֻˡ
˵ţ˾˼̳Žӵһı˾ˣɡ
²ͬ˾˼
ƹ˺üѲµգ˱ſϣֻй˾˼ɱһƬ°ͣһֲֻŪأô
Ӱڰ֣Щʹˡ
˾˼ЦһվҾͻȥˣûϱһء
ˣ
˵ţ˾˼תȥƮƮȻ֮󣬽ӳͷѵôôܺȣ
壬Ҷõݡݡ
˵꣬Ӷˡ
СǰݣÿǮȷѰܱȡӿͨҶ֪ˣ˴ȥһƽȵŮ硣
˻عͷȥҶվڳϣҶǰһסҶ̾˿ôȳˣ
ҶҶϣ
Ҷϵһ¾ˣҶϣ۾ģ˵Ҳˣ
ӡҶϵ˵ͷ˷Ըˣطɡ
ԱȴߣץҶϵӣֹҶϣôڲˣú춹ⲻ֡
ҶϿЦãԱ߽ӳ°ͣСƣЦſԹҶûмʱϵĺ춹⡣
ҶϺ˰죬˲ŰߣʱҶϲüͷӣԥƬ̣˿Ҫ˷ȥ
⻰üЦˣôҪĻ㻹Ҳɣ
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лҪ˵


117 
⻰Ҷ˵ˣӼҶϴ, ŷӦ, Ǹ, ˰, ЦġܽأԱһֱһߵŮ֣ŮϽ𽭺ӣҶһۣͬԱ߻վŵŮҶСüףҹ¶, ɱ˸, Ը
˵ҲûҶ, ִŮ, Ůͻطȥ
ҶԺվվ, Ƭ̺, Żع, ˷Ҷ, ߵſڵʱ򣬽ӵŮѾ׵ſڣҶϺ, ׵ݹȥЦŵǴٷǶģٷ˻û, ҶС
Ҷϵ˵ͷŮһۡ߳ĸŮŮ֮һƺǽаƣΪҶ˵лл
Ů㶣ȫȻûһСͬ˵ĻҶ磬
ҶţҶˣۣҶһۣ϶Ժ󣬻Ҹ˼ҵġ
Ҷ㶣Ҷ˵źԺ磬۸ˡ
Ҷϴþ֮ųҹúܺã磬ġ
ҶҶ뿪ʱ򣬹˾˼ոմӾͷϴˮӸɡ
һһž˾ͬҽ˼ѣ˵Ǹ϶ģϸĵúܣŸ϶··ʱܻҶϵݣŮ·ǲ㴩ġ
Ȼ˾˼ͳҲ룬ⱲӺ˶ٹҺ˵˵ģǸӤʱ򣬾ֻҪƯŮ˱ʮ꣬ϲŮ˾ʹӶŵݡʮݴһʱ䣬ñԸݣƾһݺ˵ŮϸĲϸģ
ţ΢΢ü˾˵׼ˣ
˾˼Ц£
ʮаɣ
˼һ£˾˼ҡҡͷʮˡ
㶣ȴȫû뵽ģ˾˼̾˿֪˼ŴһҶϺ¶ɣҾ㻹Ƿһš
أ
Щɻ
ʵҲǹҪϵģֻǽӸҶ·ͻȻ¶ҶϻᣬܹҪи䣬¹µһӣѡĻãȴ֪ҲҶҪ
ӺãҪǣԽӵӣȻǲҶϵĹм͵ġ
˾˼㷢ʣ룬ڵ֪ΪδȢ
㲻ף˾˼ŵģʵҲ֪֪һ£ǰСʱۡǼһλģλûд֣һֱţ˭Ҳ֪λ˭ϲˡ
ϲˣ
ԡ˾˼ͷŵ˵ҲһֱȢޣʮʱͬ˵ȢһǺûˣ˵ˡȹ˺ü꣬һͻȻԼλȢޣһ輧˸ŮҲû˾ĺӣ¶˵öΣ˵⹫Դһ£ûŤת˼ǧŴǣҶʲô뷨Ȱŵ㣬ˡЩҼ˵Ĺȥˡ
⻰˵Щأ˾˼һۣƺϽЩˣҽռڣʲôҿͬ˵ĵĶɴ򷢲ҡ
⻰򴽣Цվ׼ˡ
˵ţȥԱ߹ӣȡһľϻӳ
˾˼Щ˷ܣ֪ľϻʲôľϻӷŵ˾˼ǰЦ²ʲô
˾˼룬Ĵ˵С
һЩ˼ǲң
ԧϷˮ֡
ҡҡͷãٲ¡
ã
˾˼飬ǲͬĽ᣿
ֱ֡
ҡͷʵڡ
ǡЬ棿
֡
˾˼üͷʵǺǰ͹þϲ
롣
벻ˣ֪һŮһľϻӸԼɾͳʲô
벻ҲΪľϻӣľϻ˾˼ˣһƣѹһֽ
ǡ
˾˼㶿Ķ˵㽫ͷõ󣬴óƣƽ͵ƣԺоӪ̣ƶڼҡ˽¿ѧԺһȹЩЩӳˣƣǶġ
˾˼ôģȻֿó˺ü飬Щ̵飬ݡ㣬Լ̶ӣҾֵĲҵҶֺ졣ʮˣӦһЩԼĲҵġ
˵ţ̧ۿŹ˾˼˾˼ǰĶϲŭһʱЩԥһҲ֪ϲϲǸʵˣ㶫Ҳ֪ʲôԭ׼ӣ־˾ûˣЩԭ˼ңЩǼģڹٳϵ٣ЩУֻǼ֮ǰҲ㣬һֱΪš
ʵõġ˾˼Щɳƣǰ飬ǿЦ㣬ҾԸûá
⻰㶣Ĭȥ˵ӿ
Ҳͬ˵һңɾıô࣬ɾδϲ̫ǿˡŸΪɾЩʲôҲ֪Щ¶ҪӴݴ˶ڶߣԸҲԸĻǡ
㻰û˵ȥ̾˿̧ۿ˾˼⣬ҲǾ㲻УֻҪԼ㣬ΪһЩ
⻰˾˼Цˣȥ㿿ؿڣ
򳤿࣬˵ģ㿿㣬ûʲô䲻ңô롣
̫ˣ̾˿˼ʱҿž˾ˣͻ룬δʲôӣÿţò
ƥҰ˾˼ͷЩε㣬ʵܶʱɣ룬ôôãҸôر
ϲĶ࣬ǮϣԼ׬ֲҰæ㶼ңȴﲻʲôʲôˣǰÿҶãôôãÿΪѾܼãܸҿõ㡣˵ҲŶԡ
Ҹ㲻ϲģһֱĸǺã
Щ̧ͷ
˾˼ߴЦЦΣƺû˷ӡ
̫ˡ
ģš
³ףˣÿһţã˵ζ
˿һֻΣһֻϥ֣ɢŵ£˼ɫۣͷʯһȫǰ̫紵ʱķḧϣĴ
̲ס½ͷؿڣֻסСϲģѾˣöġ
ţ
˾˼һȵϲ㡣
⻰ù˾˼㶣Ƭ̺̲סЦǻ𶯣ҹֹסЦû̧ͷ
㰡㣬˾˼Ⱳӣˡ
Ҳһôʵϣô˵Ĺˡ
󣬹˾˼գسʱиƺɵĹԱˡ
ƺǴĽḶ́üأ˾˼Ϊ˴ɻƺһµܣӦˡϾģǮҲŪģ˾ȥҲǸߡ
Ȼȵͥʥּʱ˾˼Լ֡
˾˼칤̸ƺ֮¡
˾˼ü̧ͷһϵķ
ȥЩƣּ⣬ûκθĵأҲûǰ֪ͨ˾˼
³֮󣬹˾˼ȥ˷һ鷿֪˼
˾˼ȥӣ񻧲æյ飬Ҫס˼֪
ǱοǣҪ΢ȥɻƺӣ
˾˼üͷֹؼʱڵ붫λûûȾʲô˼
ɻƺӣǸ£ڣ˼ᣬȣһЩʵ£ڰλáλãպڳãҾҪ֡ƴ޻ƺӣ˼
˾˼ţһӣԼĶͷ̧㣬¶졣Ҫ¶ƺ˼룬һܣģ¶ֽţպ£ô죿
˾˼⻰ߣϾڶɵӦġ
һ˵˾˼ˡ
ʼղ̣ΪҪˣҪһֻᣬѻƺ¶˾˼ܡǮѾλͼֽҲˣʱߣҲνʱµ£Ҳû취Ӱڻɣӱڶǹ˾˼ľ˾ˣ˾˼ȥɻƺӣҲһ˾˼ƽ
ˣ˾˼ȥ޻ƺ£νϰɨˡ
˾˼֪ǴʲôʱʼƻµģǴӽӷڻλϵʱ򣬾ѾʼﱸŸһڰĻᣬ
˾˼ǰķͻȻ˼־⣬˸ز¡
ƺ£ҪޣѵĲǮҲǾôޡ
ڣɹУЩԱ֮Ĺϵ޸ӽ㵽ʱȥҪ޻ƺӣƺ·ݵĿҲҪ޲ǲĶ࣬ҪСġ½ϣϵϣġ
΢ס˾˼ɫ֣ء
ͷҲٶ˵ֻǵ׾ͺáɻʲôҪʵģ
˾˼û˵̧ͷ˾˼ԥƬ̣ǹߵ׵£ء
㶣Ƭ̺Ц⺢ӡ
˵ţºһһͬ˾˼ȥɣ𵢸ˡ


118 
˾˼صʱĶ˾˼, ɵЩ棺ʲô
½ͬǮ, ЦЦ, ŵ, о˾˺ͳһЩ̣㹻Ǯȥ¶ˡʱҪͬ˵أҴԶС
ҪԶУ
˾˼üͷ̷ӦҪȥʲôǲҪȥ򴬣
Ҳó, ǰ, Ĺ, , ϸϸ͵, Ұйȥ¶, ǰü, о顣
ȥʲô
˾˼Щ, ˲裬Цŵȥֿ⡣
˾˼㶣, ںĵطֿ㣬ַתˣƻϵؼĻڡ
˾˼õʮһһ, ̷Ӧ˵ѽպúһ·
Щף˾˼عסȥ޻ƺӣͼϻƺһλöҲһ£Ҫͬȥ𣿡
޻ƺӣⲻ̵Ļ𣿡
µ⡣˾˼ЦЩΣƸ㽲һ㲻ɵЩģ˾˼һۣüչڵЩʲô
̳ôüͷȴôһ飬вʡ
ǱҲУ˾˼⣬ѵһҪɣҵĵĵ̡
˾˼˼ţһȥ
㵣ʲô
Щ棬˾˼̾˿ǵģľٶ̫ðˡ
̫ˣҲ̫żΪǿаƵλϣֱ½ϷֳΪҵĺܣٽƺ֮½ңҲµòʱҺܻܿ١
ĵһǣ˾˼٣ջԼһ
һ˵µľٶȷ̫żЩ
㱻˾˼Ҳŵδأ
ҵģΪʱ޶ˡ
˾˼̾˿ŵʵ岻ã֪ôңöҪ̫ӲǸɿģһף̫ӵǻ׼ȥ
˾˼˵ţͣԺ
ԺڸոտõĻϣ˾˼עĻ½̰̫ʢǼᶨķ̫ɣԱ°ȥϣܽ½λáʰ̫ɣ峯Ұܴ˶⣬ڲͳǮңвĲĸֻ֣Ҫ̫ӲҪļȵķչպϷһͳ
ãҲʩˡ
˾˼û˵ú̾˿˵ЩȥԷɡҺ̣պܹһϦ
⻰ЦЦʲôʱ򣬻Ϧ
˵ţ̧˴˾˼ͷ
³֮ҲҪиѽ˾˼дʣҹңймң˰ϱ
㱻˵̲סЦ
ֽ˷Ѿڷˣ˾˼˵Ÿ磬ϽúóԼ٣ϾҪ·ˡ
˵˵ʲôѽ
⻰̲סڣʲô··ġ
Բס⻰ϽԼһСƣͬ죬ҽʲộϾҪȥ޻ƺˡ
޻ƺӣŹ˾˼棿
˾˼ЦЦϣͷ棬Һ̣ͬһ𡣡
޻ƺӲС£ʻһԸ̫ѣЩ
˵ŻӾ͹˽һǹ͵ģһˣЦô˵С˼ȥ޻ƺӵ¶
Ҳ̧֪ۿ򽭺ӣӽʼ³͢µʥּ벻֪Ҳѽ
Ǻ¶ɣЩѯʽӣ룬ͷʼвˣ˾Ǻ¶첻þͲǺ¶
ǱǺ¶ˡ
Цųɾа첻ɵ¶
⻰ˣȫĬˣƬ̺ЦԲ˳Բˡ
˼һڳŶʱ帮֮УվԼ鷿鷿ɽˮͼ
ıʿ۷׷ס
ôӣƺӣΪӶЩǮӳģͼֽӻģ˾˼ͻȻðһô¶̫һıʿ߷߲ƽڣԱ˵ͷ޳ɡ
Ҳ̫ һıʿ˾˼ܣôޣҲӵ¶ֻҪƺӶޣ㹻ˡ
һǧôһ£ʼ˵ıʿڣǲǴ̫Щ
պݽͨɱˣó֮˰ȻҲͶˡĿҪԶһ㡣
ǡ
ˡ
ڲͣعͷˡ
˶ͣס磬عͷվǰ
̻ǰŪе򣬵˵öе޻ƺӣѾˡ˴ѹң̫ǿġ̫ӵˣѹңڴ̫ӵÿôһ֣ǰѷơվǷģƽһǧܻ׬һƺ޺ˣҲǻһô󡣡
⻰Ҳ˵ˡָת򣬼˵ҲûһǧҲҪһҪ׬ŵ㣬˾˼˰ɣ̫ˡ
ӵ˼ǣ
Щѯ̵˼̧ۿվڵˣЦЦȴֳ̧סͷһ
Ҳ˵һȣ͵ãվţûһ˸ҳڳͷ˯̡
ȵϦ£˴ҴҽУ̹ӣˡ
ûۣ۵˵ɡ
չ˾˼ʱֶӣǸûᡣ
ϦǶÿʢļ֮һҪ񲿲ٳ־УѡڶǺӱ
ֳһҪúõſһϹ˾˼Ҳûʲô֡
̵Ϣſ۾ϵ̫Ǳ𣿡
ϵˣû̧ͷϢҲȥˡ
š
̵ͷаɡ
ӣԱһֱվڵǷҪ׼ˣ
룺ǱߵĶǲǴˣ
ǡӦһֱڰ
Ǿˡ
Ц⣺̫û֣Ҳ޷·ҲС
⻰̹Ӧǡ
̲úһУ˾˼Ϧգһͳš
ƺʮָˣ֮ǰͬţڼźšҽٳ
֪ʲôҪģЦŵá
˾˼߸߳ţʱӻؿſڣôԼϡ
С˼ӹǣվ˾Ϊһԣ˳ء


119 
⻰˾˼, ʶ͵ʲôʱѧģ
Ŷ, ʼ, 졣
˰, ˾˼¶·ңǲ׼ˡ
С˼վڹ˾˼Цŵ˾˵Ļ, ܻᱻ˴Ŷ
˾˼ס, Ƭ̺, ڰֵ˾ͺúϢ, ˵ˡ
ӵ⻰, Ƭ, ЦСӡ
Ƭ̺, һߵӱ, СӣθǷĹԱ
Ӵ˹Ա֮, ЩףϳǾïôΪθ򣿡
ï̫һˣ˵̫ӵϵ, ïλãԭʱˣһֱʡ
˵ҹġ
ȥܴ˸һ˺󣬳ïͻˡ
ӿû˵Ƭ̺ЦЦСӡ
˵꣬ۺã˻УͬԼԼĴ㣬ɼ˶һ㡣Ŷһ͸˵ҹʱһ»ڡ
Ļڣ
Щף˫£Уȥ֮ǰȳ¶˵ȥ˭˵ʱٻϡ
裬һ㶼׼ˣʱ¡ֻô꣬Ҳû£Уϳ
㶣ЦӻǲĴӡ
١
ӽ֣ЦЦ뵽ôѾˡֻ˰ɡ
̧ͣժͥԺϵҶӣЦŵЩ䣺ʬǶĶߣ׽úܡ
վڽԱߣûҴ𻰣ƺʲôúڵӣҪҪ
ء
֪Ҫ˵ʲôϵʲô
û˵̾˿Ӧӣˡ
Ӧһվſڣûٶ˵ʲô
˾˼ȥһ·ִߵü죬תתƽһլ֮󣬱㿴һȺ˾ۼ档
ͷǰӳ࣬ÿϰ䣬Ҳȥǿ׳࣬һϽȥү
˾˼һܱߣ˸Żӹү
˾˼˵ͷ׼ˣ
׼ˡ
̵ڳаˣֻҪ˶֣¡
š˾˼Ӧ÷ˡ
ס
ӵͷģһжᰴƻСֻҪ˰ţ̷ż
˾˼Ļӵļֺͻһ½յ̣ȵ磬߳ȥһţͿſڣüŹ˾˼·ɱŵģ㵨Ҳѽ
𣿡
˾˼ЦЦΪҰ⻻ʲô
ͳͷҪϰ˵ǹǮ
Ϣ
˾˼Ŀһۣҿ㣬ܾˡ
Ǯ
ĵǮˡ˾˼һۣҹԼҶһν֡
ԼԼ£ʲô¶һģ˾˼̾˿˵ҲϴСˣˡ
˵ʲô
˾˼ǺЦЦûж˵
˾˼ȥ񲿣֮󣬱˽ֻȥһߣȥҶңͬҶ˵һҶҹͬһȥȥҶ˹˾˼ĿѶԥƬ̣ͬСġ
ϦĶ֣վͿʼһƣʼ˲ڻǺӱ׼ҹδ
ææµµĶԱȴоæµ֮µİӿ
һУͨ˵ǻȻδڼúôţȵҹ洫˻ٷˣҶСˣҪҪһ
˶٣ӿ˵ʱ
С˵ӡ칧Ǵӽġ
⻰˵ͷЦǾȥɡ
˵ţ߳ȥҶſڣҶڳһ飬̧ۿЦЦɾҹеæȹҹļС
⻰򴽵ҳ˻ˣҪЩ㣬ڽҪ࿴ϲģңҰȥ
㣬ҶЩΣͷʹҾţ㵹ԽԽˡ
žΪγ˻Ů˲ܴɡ
̾˿˰ˣҲ룬伯оͺá
һ·ֵĵطȥвˣҶ˻ţڴϡ
˿˲رر࣬ʮʺй䣬ڽϣһ·ĶЦŵҷִʶ㿪ʼϦͬġǲܳţԺﴩ룬棬ͷһ⡣
Ҷϵ⻰·ӵҲǳĺôɡ
ӣָһЩ
һӣһܣҶϲľ裬ɵõϽһֱţʲôأ
⻰Ҷϣѹ½ƺһ¶˾˼֪
ֳ˵ˡ
糿ҳ˼ͬ˵Ը֮ٳǲͬ˵ЩģţӦʲôҪ
˵СҶȴҲģûվҪȥƺӣȻλãϢһ£õ¶ȻҪʲô
㣬Ҷţ̲סЦˣˣ۶̫ࡣ˾˼ʲôû˵أͲµ͸͸ġ
ţЩɻ󣬡֪ʲôˣ
֪ճǷ֮һҶϼ棬Ҳţ˵˾˼ȥܸͱˣ̫ӽï
㶣Ѹ˼ţȴ̽ŵ˴µܴˣ
ܴ˸֣ĻЩ˹ܣҪǳ˲ӣȻ˵¡
ҶϷŵֳ常飬˵˾˼һΣ⻻˳ïΪ˷̡
̣㶣Ӧ˼˼ǣǳï£ʱ֣ôïλض
ï̫Ӳڶһžص壬Ϊ̷ˣ̺̫ӵˣҲˡ
ȷˡܱ˽ҶϿŽֱߵĻƣһߵֳֳô˵ģǷģ˵˾˼ѾźˣǺúù仨ƾͺáԭǻҸ㡣
أЦŵʲôң
˾˼ֳͬ˵Щ¶֪Ҳ֪ϣҽ㣬ƣȻľϲͺˡ
㶣ҶЦŻͷ˼͵Ҵ˵ѽƽѾĵöúˣЩǡ
ǡ
һʱ֪˵ûǻҶ˼æ֪˲Ĺ˵ģǺõģ̫סұˡ
֪ߣ϶Цŵ뽫õĸң֪ѾǸˡ
Ҳ𹼸⣬Ҷæ˵Ϧȫǵİ˾˼һģ˼ء
˵ţҶϴԱߣָ̧ϣסֻֻ꣬ӣЦƣС㡣
¶Щ񣬵ź꣬
ҶЦһ˽֡
ڽʱڴϣһɫۣ߳ڣһɫߣڵʵʵֻ©һ˫ɫ˫ۡ
һ˴Ҵҳӣֶźˣλóïˡ
̽Ų΢٣ŵ̵ӣǾ֣ҪҪ֣
̳ĬƬ̣Цǿ˾˼ǶҲᶯˡ
ϧ̧ۿԶǺϵƻԻ͵ĻֵǮˡ
ӵ˼
ԥѯʣнſԸɸȥ̫ӱţ˵˾˼óïλõβΪ¼޻ïˣ׼
ǡ
Ӧ֮Ĵɱƻأ
Ҷ
תͷһʣȴ⣬㶣¼ȥ顣
鵽ҶϵλãҶ°ߣҶҡҶһæ˵ȥҶϣ˾˼һΪҴ˷ҰڳïҶʱֻҪðͷǿ󣬽ɱ¡
 ̷Ըȥû˶ãǱҵҶϺλá
ҶϺ͹ٷһ𡣡
ѣӵֶ˶٣Ƭֻ̺ץҶϣ㡭
ԥƬ̣ЦϾǺ飬ҿָǮأˡ
˵֮˽󲿷ҶϺڵĸ˹ȥ
Ҷڽϲŵգϰּۻһյӻơ
ҶవǱܱߣܵ
˵ǳй䣬ǲ̫Σһ㣿
ŹӣŶҶ
Σգ
ҶشһԱߵĽֵƽң̵Ŀھ˼鲻ߡܲѾĻΪɱСйߡҪģǲ˼ӹܻƺһ£һǧˮƯҲ̫ᶯֻ֣Ҫ֣ïˡôţƽգȫˡ
ïأ
Щ棬ҶƳһۣïԣ̫ܲĸ̫ӣͲܷϵï
ۣǲ̫ףһҲ븨̫أ
Ҷ⻰ˣ븨̫ӣʲô
˵ܱ꣬ͻȻһǺڣεͳҶϷֱҶӦ죬һѽҶ
ܱͻȻҲ֪ˣϵ޿ײ룬ֱҶ϶ҶҶǰ϶Ī¡
˵꣬Ҷ㱻һҶϱƿҶϱһߣԭ㣬˶ҶӿȥһȣҲ˲ߣһŷ߹ȥնǰ˵ͷ­
Ѫ罦ϣҶǿŻֺ̿ͶģƵҶߣ󺰵ߣ
һ˲䣬Ȼһ˵ǰӶãҲƬ̣һֻֽ͵һ̧ú£Ľȿס˷ĳһ߿ǰ˺󣬱ܳսȥ
⽣Ӱ֮䣬㶽˫ɫ۾ϲ˼
˶һȴҲ߿·ˣһ·񱼳ȥ
һߣ˫սϣ˺һȺ˴ѷ֣ЩȫȻҲҪ׷ҶϺҶȥҶҶϳӣսӣͿִƣЦվ￴ҶϺҶ
Ҷ㶣̴壡
ӴӸ˵ƽղô𡣡
ҶץҶϳŽһ·񱼹ȥһ׷һ˻úõϦ̣ʲôˡ
˵ţ°ͣȥʬ嶼Ͻ棬ˡ


120 
Ҹ˵꣬ҶҶ˲ż, , ҶϳŽӷ˹ȥ, һ, һץסҶϣһһת㽫󣬶ʱѾ˽ǰõն˷
Ҷ϶ڽǰ, θݿ, ̩ɽǰ, ޶˰ġ
Ҳ˲, ӵѾȥ, Ҳ˲Ϣ֮, ͽն˸ɸɾ
Ѫˮһ, ڳ˽, żҶû°ɣ
ӿ˿ֻͷ˿վСһ, һ½ŵץӵҶϣȥӦûʲô¡
˵, ӳȥˣ
һϵѪ۾ȴǲͣҶϵˡ
һ⣬¶յµֶϱأ
⻰һ˶ˣһתͷ˳˳ȥ
ҶӵΪ˶ɴſȥ˿ֱ̲˵ϴ䣬Ž
̾˿Žҽ壬ҽԺҿɾͲˡ
˵ЦˣҶ˼˵᲻ǵġ
˻
һ⻰Ӷʱ¶ͷʹıء
Ҷû˵Ƭ̺󣬽תͷϹͷʲôȥ㣿
û¡ҶɫƽüŶԼã
죬ҶȻش𣬡Ȼû¡
ЩС꣬ӿЦãһģþ
ҶЦЦû˵Ҷڻǰл
ˡ
Ӱڰ֣ҲܾˣȻȥɡ
˵ţӱҪߣӾعͷȥҶϴ㶣룬ȴЦˣͷһԼĻƣߵҶǰȥƽյӵƺӶϲŰѹѹɡ
Ҷ㶣Ƭ̺ȥӹյơ
Ȼվԭأվ˺þãҶô
ҶϻعƼҶº͵ݣЦЦǼ϶ȻǸСﰡ
Ҷ΢΢һƳ߰ɡ
Ҷ˻ҶѸٻسӴȥʣµˡʱץ㣬һ·ǰ񱼡
ϸȺСûаֻɣ͸һ·񱼡
һ˲䣬̲֪ΪʲôȻԼʱ˼ĵĴֻһβͬһδһܽȴҧһֱĲûаۣǽ̲˾̲̾סΪ֮̾
һ·ܵǺӱߣڲ˦ˣ̺ϢͣԱߺŵǺˮһԾʣС˴Աߴҡ
һЦһ濴ԷȻڿڶʱЩԾ
ǰ˴ߣŹ˾˼һᰮĺӣһ˫͹˾˼Ƶ۾̧ۿϸעʱЩ̫һ
˾˼Զͨ͸γ˫۾ȴ˵·۾һ̲Ц嵭̽ſڣ˼
ЦͷһʱҲò׼˭ˣҲɻסַ֣ϡ
ߣҲһ˲䣬Զ̻͵ը̻ҫ£ǰ˵ģ
԰׵ĴЩŮ٣һ˫۾⣬˾˼Ȼͬĳࡣ
ǲ̫󣬴ǵֻ¶һ˫ۣ޷ǵơ
ǰˣЦԱ̻һһը̴ȡߣЦŵϰɲ´ˡ
˵ţ¿۵ϣһֱάЦ⣬ֻһεЦȴףһֱ㣬עϵı飬Ҳǹ˾˼̡
幫ӣ㷴Ӧס⣬úڲŵ幫Ϊδҵ˴

תͷ̻ŵķĻ̧ͷԶ̻ţѵĹ۾֮
µء
֪һʲô¡Ϯǵ˿϶ɵģףϮΪʲôҪɱ˾˼𣿲ȥ˾˼ΪʲôҪץҶϣѵҶв˾˼
͵͵һԱߵ̣ʮа˾šԳ°Ǿ͵ǰԼˮҪ͹˾˼ơڶӪôãΪɻƺӵλãҪߵһ
㲻ֻ֪֪㣬ǻˡ
ɿ˼δϢ̵˲ض룬½յֻ˳ѡ
ôģ
̲סЦЦˣôǮǮûرأô
⻰
Զ̻ѾˣܱСֻһͣں롣ϴ˼ӣӱһȺʦ
µգܱ߶̾ǰˣĳõ¡ɱ㲢ûʲôô
¹ںϣһׯصζ
Ŀ̲סȥ̵ȷɱˣŵӣڵԽٳңв˾˼
⻰ǾúЦתͷһۣζã˴Ϊһأ
Ҳġɫƽź⣬ķ˿ĴϣԶĻҲѡԶѡңԶҪġ
㶣Ź¹µĲա
ʮ꣬һŮһõʱ⣬һ浾ּ͵ʢ
оԼƹ٣˲졣
Ĳ˵ζʲô谭ʲôı䲻ʲôֻǻɣġ
û˵תͷȥԶʱ˼̾ϢҲ֪ǲҪģȴ֪ȻǺҪҪġ
㶣Ƭ̺Цϴҹһ˿ů⣬תͷ̣Ȼ
ΪʲôأЩ⣬ЦŻش𣺡Ҽɾ
ÿһŮӶ𣿡
̼ѯʣ㲻̫ףʲôÿһŮӣ
ÿһŮɾôҪ𣿡
Ȼǵġ
תͷȥԶƺЩ䣬סԼʱȺȴһӴӻ˳
ׯصͷڣֳ巨̤ׯĲҰС
̲סңңעǸӰҪǣҼɾǹ˾˼
ϣз塱ҡžҲһ̣ʮֻƿնȥ̨ϵİɾûüתһ㱻͵عᴩ塣
ȫĬ
Ƭ̺󣬼֯һƬ
𾪿Ż֮ϣվһԣ
㶢Żſڣ
Ǹ˵֡
֪ǽ
ӣתͷȥԱߵ̡
̾ɫЩ
ץǣΪ˵ߵĻ뱨ʱš
侲ƽͣһЩüͬ˵󼸾仰ϴ˶ɵġ
˵꣬һƿŻķ񱼶ȥ
ʱ˶ǸȺһ·񱼣ԶԶǹӰ
˰ɣĺܰȺǰߡ


121 
һ·ų򻨴յͣİ, 㿴ܱ߲, ƺѾʼŲ顣˰, ǰȥ, ӣ򶨵λˣҡҡ
˵Լ侲һ㣬侲һ㣬ȴʼ˵ֻ, ˿ȥòС
, ʱ, æλ, ʲô£
ӻó˾˼, ȭͷ, ʹԼ侲, ú, һʵҪҪ˴ˡ
ҪˣҪʬ
ӹ, Ͻˣȥ
˿ϵʿƺѾһɱ, 㱻ڲգ㿴һڵϣײţ˹ڴ
ܱûһˣ㿴ʬ壬̲סһˤȥŹūæסѵСġ
΢΢סԼ죬ԼҪ̫ʧ̬
ū澷סҲΪʲôôӦæˣ̫ū澷ŵſȥվš
ء㴭Ϣţǵϵ߹ȥɳƵߵÿɻʹࣿ
ûʲôʹġū̵̧ʱѾ͸ˡ
⻰ѹһʯͷ
ƿǸĲȴֲңͶʬϣɳƵȥɣһ
˷ˡ
ūԥһ£ᣬ͵شȥ
ū㶣æȥ
һߣ˾̱ȥʬϣ͵ᡣ
㵹Ǻˡ
ųһߣʲôҡƽͬ˵ٴҪСĽҵģ;ȫ¾
ţͣžžવ£·Ψһο塣
ʱ˾˼ոմӴץ֣ˣתĴգȾѪֻȥ·ϴ֣Żߵſڣޡ
˶ٲӣ䣺ˣҪôˣҪô죿
˾˼Щֲףֽϴ˸Ϳޣ޵ʮֶ飬رίſţֺ̧ݺʬ£ŭ˾˼
ĵʵ˾˼ž;ۣɵʲôˣӦȥ˵ûɲ֪Ϊʲôһֺ棬֪ˣô졣
վѹǣȥ
ʬ壬ֲٶˣʬ壬þúˣ㶼ȥˣҺƽʲôأ
˵ţ֣ʬϸŵİײģһȥᡣ㡭
û˵꣬İײŵŵİˣ˾ˡ
ʱ洫ӵЦӴС˼ƨʲôأ
˾˼ԭרģ䲻һӳƨϣһʲô
˵꣬˾ͽˣʶȻˡ
һͷ㿴źȻ󿪣ţվſڣ俴ǰƨɵĹ˾˼
޻ױɫ䣬۾Ǵ˱Ź˾˼
˾˼ƨɵƲҶǰʢŭ㣬СԹϷתþúѼһȿ޻ѿЦݣ㣬
˶ã
ֱص㡣
˾˼˵ʵװʲô֪һʲô˶ãҸյſڡ
˿һԱ̲䣬վ˿ôʱ䡣
ӣ
˾˼ŭԱ߿ֲ´Ľӣӿϣż򣬸˵ô˵ʵˣ
㡭
˾˼
俪ڣ˾˼תͷЦݣǰȥֺõ㣬ôˣʲôҪģʲôģ
֣Ź˾˼˾˼Щ⣬֡
˾˼ȥ֣ӣ޺۵Ƥȥһֻȥؿڣ˾˼ŵøϽһֻס·һֻסҵ֣С˶࣬ؼȥѡ
㡭ִᣬû°ɣ
˾˼㶣׹Żˡůָˣ˼ۣϽû£һûϺױأͻȻͬ˵ȱϣ˵Ųȫϡһױһȥ˾ûˡ
˵ţ˾˼˼֣ߣ㣬æ˻˳ıͷڿ㱻˰ɣ£û¶ġ
𣿡
ץؿڵ·˾˼ţȻǺ¼ˣϽץˣȥϳ㣬ǲˣǻؼҡ
ҭŵͷ˾˼̧ͷ򽭺ӣ£Ϲ˾˼ĿƬ̣ˣ̵ʲô£һԼٻᡣ
˾ˣ
˾˼̽סӣƬ̺Թ˵
ס졣
̴Ļȥɣȥ
˾˼ͷϽлл˾ˣҾ֪á

֣˾˼˸߲һ˴
ƺıŵˣһ·϶˾˼Ϊһ˵ĿǰͣûôС˵㣬һ·ֺȰġ
ģҸ㷢ģһж֮С
˵ѣ޿䣬˵֮УǸôǻ˰װӣˣ
ǣ˾˼Ͻҵ֣ôܱУ⣬ʱҸ˵Ǳ߳£͹ȥˣӦûжߣһͶ֡
ǲǶˣ
ʮ˾͸Ҷңո˵Ⱑ
˵ӣ⣬ҺҶϳأܲ˵Ҳڡ
˾˼ѿڣҲҲ⡭
ȫ֮𣿡
̷ʣŹ˾˼ô⣿
ҶǣҾ˾Ǹ˿϶ţǾԲ¡㣬Ҷ˰ŵġ
˾˼ĵ
ʱ˹˸Ҳͬӣ͹˾˼˳˾˼ͬһӡ
ƺǿ޵ˣݱڴϣŴͷ˵˾˼Ͻæǰæȥˮ㿴ӡ֣Сõ
ӡ㶣Ҳʲô˼ȥˡ
ӡѴ°ûʱѾϴжױֻһ¿ڴͷȫȻһ޿ģ˾˼һšӣʱʱ͵һ㡣
㳯ӡԼǰӡ㽫°ȥ˻֣ӡˡ
ŹϺʣ͹˾˼˾˼ǰĴ°壬Щף㣬ùʲô
㿿ڴͷУΪɾȥˣҲǿȥˣɾ֪Ŀࣿ
֪֪˾˼ܾʲôã˵Щֱ͡ӣӣŹ˾˼ҲˣɻʱţɾȻ²Ӧʱɾɺɾ̫ģûи̫࣬տɾ£̫ðʧҹúûڹ·ϣ˯Ҳá
˾˼ˣǰĴ°壬оϥеۡ
㿴º͵ɾҪ˯
ˣ˾˼ʹ˵öԣ̫ðʧ÷ܾˣ͹ʡʹ˼мѡ
˵꣬˾˼̹ڴ°ϣһ࿴ˣҹƿɻӢҪҪǰܸ㵲⣿
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лҪ˵˾˼뷣ԽԽίˡ
С糡
ĳգȺ鷿޸ּ⣬˾˼һһ򵽵ףڳܲˣֻͦ
ʱ˾˼˰罣ʮ˧
Ϊΰ˧
˾˼˧ٹЩʱˡ
ˣƻ˷ô죿


122 
㱻Ļ֣֪ԼЦ, תͷȥ, 䵭ƶ, Լ
Ҳÿ޻Ųȥ
˾˼һ, 㵭ͷС£أ
ˡ˾˼ڹ
㣬عͷ飬ǲһְţ
ǡ˾˼Ҳ̹Ȼϣûаڡ
̻ʱ֣üͷ˾˼ͷ, ʧ, װ, , ƺһ¾ͻСƵƵ춯, ӱ, ұµҪ, ȻŹᡣ
㻹⵱᣿
ЦˣҪɱ, Ըȥģ
㡭˾˼ңҲзִġ
˵, ͵ҹȥܴˣʱïѲ, ̫ӵ˸£Ͳ춯ĶˣǳïҲˣѾ̫Ӹȥ̫ͨģ֪ǳïɱң̫ӵĹϵҲˡ
ֻѡ񣬵һѡƳïɱң֣Ҳᰲ˶ֵġֻҪиڣұֱ׷ɱֵλãҹɾǳлƺӲŰȡ
㾲Ź˾˼ıͬôϸ˵ЩҲϣڶѡ񣬾ɱҡԭⲻó£ΪǧΪ˻̫Σδѿһѿ̫ӡΪ˴ɱҵ̫ӣԾǲǣôˡҲԷˣȫǶҵˣǾңҲµġ
㾲ţ˾˼Щż֪ҹ㣬ҡ
ұ̴ˡ
ƽ˾˼㶣תۿ˾˼µġ
ʧ£˻ûü֪ͨ˾˼Ź˾˼߾˴ɱˣ֮󽭺ӲŹûü߹˾˼£˾˼ȻҲͲ֪
˾˼㣬Ƭ̺Ӧ̵ˣ
Ըտ㣬ӣˣȻҲ㱻̽ߡ
Щƣù˾˼֪ѡ壬ֻ˵ıܣֻת˻˼̫ðΪ¶У²ᶼϵġ
˾˼û˵ڵϣĬúڣ˼ǲܡ
˼ǲܣףʵڿƲס͵Ͳöģ
˾˼ؿھҴϢţǰȥڹ˾˼ǰŹ˾˼˼ʲôܶģΨԣǮûˣǿûˣǿԸ٣Ψûˣʲôûˡ
Ҳס˾˼̧ۿ㣬侲ȥ߹ģܶģΪʲôҪݣΪʲôҪӣΪʲôҪȥΪʲôҪʱأΪʲôҪǱƣ㣬һֱڶ
ǹȥ
㿴Ź˾˼˼ȥǲòģеѡеѡΪʲôҪģնһΪʲôΪ̺̫ӣΪһïѡӷΪĿ꣬ѡ˸ðĵ·
̶֣ƺ·ٶ֣鷳
˾˼ƽһº뷨㲻Ǳ˼ʤ㣬ôҺҶϽ֣
һι˾˼ڲˡ
ʵ˵ûдȷʧˡֻȻʧ㣬֪󣬽Ϊ©ȱ
˵ɲһʧȥ㣬ʼǱ̴ˡ
ﺦΣͷû˵ס֣̾Ϣ˼̫Ҳ̫Ըˡ
ͬ˼ӣԶ㿴ţ룬ɣϴȥ˯
Ҳȥ
˾˼Ͽڣ㲻ɵЦˣҶӣ
û
˾˼ͷҷ˴óԡ
˵ţһ̧ͷ㣺յأҵĴ˼ǲܣ̫ðҲҵĴɽ֮£ҾҲд
㾲㣬Ǵûߵ԰ȹӵʱ򡣡
㿴Ź˾˼˾˼һ棬̫Ӷܴ̬Ȳܴ֦ͬδβȷڶͼѾˮδŹǡպȨ˼ҵΣ
Ź˾˼˵оһƣ
˼̾˿Ҫһֱôȥ𣿡
㣬Ҳ㣬мͥһֵܡ
ֵܴܣҲվ̫ߣֻҪܴ粻һգұúܼվһϣ̫Ӳһݵܴˡ
Ҳֵܣ֮ҴӦѪ̫͵£ƣǻһǣ̫Ƣպıзֶ֮ΣУ֮ݡڹֻܶȥ˽Ҳ붷ȥ
ţڴߣۣûаãע
Ĺ˾˼޷ƿĿ⣬ǰˣоԼԼǸССеİĽ
һ˰һˣΪǸֵǸ˰㡣
ԼʵǸˣĺСģϣԼͼ˻úúõģû£ҲûвֻԼˣҲеࡣ
ǹ˾˼һ
˾˼Ǿ֮壬֮飬Ƿ࣬Ǵǧｭɽ֮ϡǧ
ԼԾȻȴЩȵΡ
оԼǱ˵ȼˣһѪ궯ְϲ̾˿ֻܵȻԼûֹʲô
Ҵˡ
˾˼Ͽڣעʲôˣ
գۣ㲻Ҵˡ
Щ㶡
֣ȴҲ
عӣſ˵ʲôָ̧֣Ź˾˼ҪڣȴҲԳ˾˼֪ס֣Լϣɫ᣺´βˡ
ұ㲻֪꣬ÿƿƣʲôʲô֪ˣûôûô㣬պ󣬰ΣգҲˡ
Ҳµġ
һ˵¶ȣŹ˾˼Цʵ£¶Ҷ¡
ǶԵģ˵ģҶסҶĳ𣬸ñ̫޵£ı㡣Ҿǡǡ
̧ۿƯǲףôҪ㷸Щ
˵Ǹ˶ã
ˣˣı㣬Ҷ籨ҰʵҪ̫ƽ˼䡣ܺúõģ㵱ӵܣҿԸöǮÿ춼ȥǮȥȥǺҹΣȻŸ
á˾˼ϽǸеģҾȢˡ
㶣˾˼ࣺܿɣԸĥѣ㵱ϱ
㡭㱻Ļ˵ﻶϲἣδɣ̲סǡ˾˼ˣڴ°ϣסڴϵͷϣŽ㣬ʵҾһҶÿۣ࣬ҿԶһӣֻҪߡ
Ҿʲô¡
㿴ſԼϵˣͷǰˣƽᡣ
ûж˵ǹ˾˼ϲˣָͷһһ¡
˾˼ϵζúڵô°ߵģ
ʱ̫ˣ˲̴ߣסңΪ㣬һˡ
˾˼ţŵΪң
ţ룬ҽղŷ֣۾㡣·Ҳ񣬵ʱ̫ңûϸϴˡ
˾˼û˵þúŵ°ʲô
Լұ˰ɡ˼ŵôӷָҸ׬Ǯأ
͵ģ
˾˼׷ʣҡҡͷҵ˶ɿڣƼмԼȥˡ
Ҫлл
˾˼ڣȴǲˡ
룬ǿǮķϣ̫ࡣ
˾˼Ӧһ
û˵ڵǣɿǸλãǿ̻õλáԭҶϽ쵽ȥͿԿ̻ϵ
̻ȴ̡
ˣһ뵽ͬվڶɿڿ̻ͿŻѪ
ȴܶ˵˵ˣ»㣬ԭûĶҲ˳
ǽͷϣš
һӣڵˣ˯ɡ
š
˾˼ˣˣվ˾˼ϴɵϺӱס㡣
Ѱ˯ڣסֵձҪˣ㲻˰ɣ
պ˯
˾˼͵ͳĺõúܣ˸оҲͷȥ
ҹ˾˼ƽЩһСѯ㣬ϲϲ
ҧû˵˾˼Ǹˣ㣬Ǳ̺õġ
֮仰Щ޷˼֮ڴԺ˯ȥӦ
ˣǺúܡ
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лҪ˵㣺ΪǮң
˾˼ţҲġ
ҹ
˾˼㣬Ǳ̺õġ
㣺ǲ𣿣


123 
˾˼һ˯ǰʹֺ, ˾˼˲ſ۾, ̧סĶ, Ժۣˣ
˯, ˾˼ºСˣȥ¶
Ӧһ˾˼˼ۣ˳ȥԺŻӵһȺ˼Ժ, ߽Ǵ˾Ż, Ժ, ˾˼, ϽڵŸ硭
˾˼һʳָڴ, ס, ˾˼תͷ˿, Сɩӻ˯
˵, ųԺ߳ȥ˻˻֣СЩ, 
˾˼ߵСţ˶
ʱҲ֪Ϊʲôͽ, ں棬ûκѸٸŹ˾˼˳ȥԺԶˣ˾˼ǰŸ磬ɾˡ
ûڣ˾˼üͷ̵үûԼڣ¼ȫԾˡ
˾˼˲Ķ˶٣Ƭ̺һ˶ˣ
ٸɱ֡
侲Ƕֺұʾܴˣܴ˲ָҡ
˾˼ͷ̫Ǳͨ籨ŵأ
̫Ӹû
˾˼û˵Ų裬Ƭ̺󣬵мֱ¡
˷£ȫ˼ïģ˾˼˽Ϣ̫ӣ̫Ӹú̷ǣ̫ȴֱӽ˿̫ӸɱҲһǴҪ̡
˿컹û˾˼˿ɫγï׼ˣ
Ǳ׼ˡ
̳ջʷ̨ï˵ģʣµס
˾˼ͷ̫Ҫ̣һҲûץ̶ֵ֤ݣ̻ǶˡҲǰڶ˶һ飬ʱڣ̺дĶ
һΣǹ˾˼ռϷ硣
ε˳ï̫еľȨϵĶӱߣ̵צҲζٻƺһ·Ѳ߻ڶΰɱ
̫Ӿ㱣̣ʼ˻ɵӡ
˾˼ۣӽյһڵã˾˼ۣ˿ܱˣЦλˡ
࣬Цžүӣǰ;
˾˼ЦЦͬԱľ֣ľϱ̧˾˼ֽһһڳˣЦŵøȥϴ裬ú˯һɡ
û뵽쵽õԺ󶼲ɵЩˣŹ˾˼л˾˼˻֣ȥתͷͬԱվŵĻӵҴȥѲ˸ͽչˣúÿţʲôҾ˾ˣɽӽˣһš
ǡӦ˾˼ͷûȻȥ˯Ȼ뿪󣬹˾˼ȳȥھʣ͹˾˼Ӹոմļ˾˼λϣ˵͵ͷŲ裬ƺڵ˵ʲô
ʱһ飬͵طӦ򴽣˽ڹ˾˼ǰȥ
ҽʧְڣûٷˣҰɡ
ˡٷˡ͡˴˿˾˼ݡƽճֵܣʼջϼĹϵ
˾˼ˣһڲ裬Ժӣôģ
û˵ͷ
˵
Ҷ˻סҶС㣬һڳһʱ鼱
˾˼⻰תͷӭĿ⣬Ծп˾˼˺þúڵÿʲôλϣԼΡ
֪
ߵڵϣ۵Ÿ磬ôɣվɱңҲӦá
˾˼
˵ŭǼٵģŲŵȴǱ˭ǡþúԱȡĽʣݸ
֪ԣ˾˼ǰڵϣ¹ڴǰ˾˼ȡ£һߣŰɫ£ͬҾŸ磬ұֳ£ҵ㵣ţУ£֡
Ÿ磡
ŵóæ˾˼ǰš
㲻֣ұܲ㣬ȥٻҲؽҾŸ硣
˾˼ƽ㶣Ź˾˼ܼˣ͵ͳŸ磬ȴ̫ˡ
Ҳܴ㣬˾˼侲ڣΪˡҶϷ̫أգ֮֮顣ұͲðҶϺһѡ˼ǲܣ¡
ҲھȻºͷ㡣ҵĴӦ
˵ţ˾˼ͷҪȥϳ򡣡
һ¹˾˼ı˾˼̧ۿ²ȥ֣һֱȥ
Ÿ磬ڱҡ
˾˼һץŽʣݺݳȥ
ÿһ죬Ǵϣ۵Ķڶ
ȴˣһ˽ʣ۾Ҫȥ˾˼סվס
ҧز˵˾˼ԼվͬҵȻ˸׼һ֮֬ǰȥҶ˼Ҷ͹ȥ
ȥ
ȥҲУ˾˼ϣ߳ȥԸȥƺӣһȥܾǴ꣬ҶҲʮˣϴκʱ˵ҶҴ¡
ô
ȳ˾˼ͣſڣתͷǣ˲Ů˵ţ껪ƾʲô㣿
㶣˾˼Ҳû˵תͷ
ѾʼЩɫ˾˼һȥѾˣ˾˼ЦЦϴˣ
ûأ
˾˼㣬ϵЦݾһԽӲ֮󣬱㴩˹ۣϵƽͣҹѾ̫ˣҪһЩ֮ϣ㲻Ҫ̫¶âˡ
ģ˾˼ЦЦзִ硣ڼʰö³̡ܱ
šѴ̡
ٳЩ£Ƿĵġ˾˼ͷˡ
˾˼ţ̫Ӹȴҳһ㡣ⲽ̽һһµϢԱ̴šڱϣŲ衣
˾˼ܸһ
һػⲽһ͵ţݾͿʲôöǣǼֱǱΪ顣ʾһʶǲúøңҪĻǶҵˣʲô˼췴𣿡
̴ŲҶ£˾˼Ȼ֣㲻²룬ҪӦԣ糯ܸǱ˱ȻҪԳ½ѣ´Ӧԣ
סӣЩԥ̧ͷ̣˻̫ãӦô죿
£´˵λãǱסˡ̾˿ʢᣬ´ܵĵطôĻң°ˣҪǻɱ飬Ȼ˾˼ûг£ѾǴˡ
ô죿üͷ̵ͷֻΪȡͬˡ
Ϊ
ЩףСģһԱЩĳïһ´·ȥ·ס˾˼Ǹ

¶ûô˰ɣ
üͷ
´ȥ̿ųïߴٵһҪڴ
ïͷȻϽȥȳïȥ̼´˿ҪʱϳǾλһ£¿ѡ
һʣѷסˣüͷضס
£±»̫Ӳϲ
ĬƬ̣ڵһЩˣïλãܸǱ߿϶ѡЩˣ¶ûôʣ¿ϾټҲƲȥ
ԥƬ̣΢¾ټһˣ
˵̳ЦЦϳǾʮӵĶӳӢ
ˣ㶣ҡͷ˭˶ǡһã˼ݣǱӲն׵ġǹ˾˼ľ˾ˣ˾˼ܸʵˣһȻǵˣȴȥȻٽ²١
⻰̻Ƶáǽ糯¾˾ټ
̫ã˾˼˾˼۾Ϣһ룬ͻȻͣסˡ˾˼ۣЩãȻˣ
ӣ˿棬ͬ˾˼Ÿ磬и˲·ž·Ϲš
һ⻰˾˼ɫ䣬ĬƬ̣ץסϽȥߡ
ߣЩ£˾˼ͷ
ϽģʲôҼҲ˵
˾˼һƣžͳ˳ȥ
ï˳ͷˡ
û˵꣬ͼһֻŴһϣֱ˹ȥȻڳïûӦͱһ۹Աץסڼϣһ·񱼶ȥ
һзúܿ죬˾˼ûʲôС̽ͷȥѯʼľϣˣ
ľɫӣͷˡ
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лҪ˵ɷã˼ΪӦıƣ
˾˼ߡ


124 
˵ʲô
Щ£ôˣ
ˡ̺ͷ񡣷, ˶е¡
δ˲·Ƶˡ
˼Ҹ, ѵͣ, Ȼһҿ, ɺͽԲٲãҲõʹïһսֶû˵Ļᣬֱ˵ִ˿ߣʲô
⣬ô죿
ʶڣЩ, ̵, ˾Ϳ, °ƻټӢá
ͷ, ûж˵, ̼糯, ȸȥȥ, ʼ, һ洩һʲôԱ̫ƴŷɫСƺǣ
š
Ӧһ, Ƭ̺˵̫ô
ЦЦūֻū, е۹⾫׼
˵
˲ϲƸæūžʮִ
ʮִ
˳ƴɫæ£̫һϵƣһѺõø˲ǡ
̧ۿһƣֹЩ²ӣ˵ûɣ
պʥˣҲ˵˵ŻŻūˣūǼ飬ء
һû÷Щͷ˲ã˲ɣ
˵֮󣬷Ҳãֱȥ
ո˻˴⣬˾˼ߵҶǰС׼ˣ
ҶӦһ㱨Ǹȥˣû⡣
Ǹģ˾˼һҪ̫ӵˣȻѡûв뵳ġղҪᣬ̫ǱˣǷԾǡ̫һˣǲһΣһԼѡ߾ʹӺѡȥѡҪе㲻ʣȻѡ
Ҷʡ£Щ·㣬Ҷͷס
˵ţ̧ͷ˹˾˼һأ
Ŷ˾˼תͷ˿⣬Ҵܹ°ͣⲻ𣿡
ûͬһҶЩ֣˾˼ЦЦųï·򸺾һףˡ
Ƶñˡ
Ҷüͷ˾˼νǾ뿪ǰôôΡ
˾˼רЭɻƺһ£ѵ˷ӦҶ̫޳ɿ˹˾˼һۣҲ˹ʱ̫վ⣬ڳָ»صԵλã롣Ͻ֮󣬱˵ˣ
˵ţ̧ͷ˾˼˰䣬û°ɣ
л¹ذ˾˼Щ԰һЦ΢û£ǲһ㣬΢ձˡ
µλ˹Ͻ
û˵Ŀ䵽ܸϣܸʳУر£ϳǾï´ˡ
ïأ
ܣȴӦɵЦˣô糯Ҳˣ
£̳Уƽ΢ţ˵ֽ´˴ˣȻ֪´˴˺δ
һ£üͷʱ˾˼մľǳ´ˣ
˵̣꣬ͨ·ϼȲҲˣԼ֪ǳ´ˣ˱֪ˡ
̱˾˼ôһ£ɫЩ˾˼ǰһ£΢ϳ˴·ϣ΢ովɱΪ֮ˣ˰æ΢˹ȥ´˴δйûϳ´ˣ΢ĲǣֻǰæҪ֣Ըһе
£
ڷӦϽеˡ΢ҲֻǼ˱ϱڣһʱ鼱Ŷ֡Ҵģˡ
һһͣԱ̫ӵһ
ʲôϱ
ɴ˿˭Ҳȥ˵ïϱղŹ˾˼ʲô֪ǰָʹïϸڶ֪ô˵ˡ
Ź˾˼˵ҲЩ벻ͨïúȥϮ˾˼ʲôҹ²ࣿ
ˡƵ޿λǸûˡ
ͷܸߵ˷׷֧֣̫ӵһԲŷ̸ʹɫ̵񣬱˿ڻǰʣҲΪ´˲Σټˡ
⻰Ժ࣬ͷʶ˵òѡ
Ĭˣ̧ͷŷ񣬷򴽣ڿ֮ʱȴ˵һ̷Ը֣ͬϳǾӶӳƺꡣ
㶣Ƭ̺ʲôЦٲ̫ˡ
˾˼ϸϸһУɵֿ˻
ƺ̫ţӼ߰ߣʷ̨һ̳£ף
ǳϴǹսһ磬³Ҳû
˾˼Ҷ˳˴һº;ӷȵߵ˾˼ͱЦ˾˼ǽһЦһɵȱ
Ȼƻƺꡭ
ҶŴܱߣ¶ֲͬСЩ
ЦЦ
˾˼ڰ֣ЦҲ˵¡
ҶΣֻܿ͹˾˼ԱЦЦˣ˾˼ſҶɫȥͱ¸𣬵һҾֱӻظȻˡҲڵʱգ鷳տ˸
ġҶͷչ˺òĸ
һ¡˾˼ͻȻüͷͬҶٲ̡
飿ҶЩףǲ̣ǰǰѾˡ˾˼ԥƬ̣ڵĸ˭ȥһ꣬ݳ
˾˼򴽣ԥƬ̣ҶߣСҵҾ˾ˣʱǷʲô¡
ҶۣЩ𾪡˾˼ҲЩѿҲˣм仹һ£㿴ܲܲ鵽
ʲô
̵ʲô
˾˼ҶЩףҲãȻ˾˼͵ȥһֱΪ븨̫ӣѿ̫ӣ֮ݰѿһЮ룬һһ⸨̫ӣΪʲôȫï;ïΪ̫еھ壬̫ӶжҪ𣿡
̫ӡ
˾˼侲̫ӣΪʲô
ˡҶͷһȥ顣
Ҳٲ飬ǰһҲ뾪ֻܰˡ
˾˼Ҷļ򣺡ˣˡ
˵꣬תҪ뿪Ҷס˼
˾˼ͷҶ򴽣ڵѪ㵱Σ
˵ţҶ̧ͷȭͷѪ𡣡
˾˼עƬ̺Цˡ
ҶЩε˵ǲˣӶɵˣҹ˼ѪΣûиѪһĲֵİɣֵܣĳ𣬾ҵĳҪҹ˼ѪҾ͸Ż
˵ţתߵҶǰÿ죬ѱҶ˰ͷ̧־͸һԱҪңҾʹ㡣
֡
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
лҪ˵ʣζԴϱ
˾˼
ʣζԴֵܣ
˾˼Ҳ
ʣϱֵܵǣ
˾˼ҿ԰ֵܻϱ԰һ
ֵܱʾһ㶼ǣġ


125 
Ҷ㶣˾˼Ҳûʱ˵, ת˰, ȥ鷿ҷ
ȹ˾˼ߺ, , ײײҶˣ룬žŸ磬վһսߡ㲻Ϊ㣬ŵСɩ˵, ̵㺦˼ȫ, ˾ŸСһ𳤴ֵء
Ҷ, , 򴽣ֵȪ, Ҳֻһѡ
أŵ, , ̾˿, ִҶϣԼֵһΡ
Ҷ⻰ĬƬ, ̾˿Լ̫ˡ
Ҷڳϴˣ˵˼ҲͶˡ
ָͬ, Ͻȥʰʰ˼ӹƾҪˣ𵢸ʱ䡣
ûʲôʰˡ̵ŪŪˣҪظ԰ɣ
ţģ
ҶЩ̵֣ȥ
һȥʲôҶЩ⣬ϽϾҪˣֵһ˼ҡ
ֲŮˣҶüͷһؼʲô
ѽ˵ˣЩ˸ˣǿҶǰߵҾͬ˵仰ôٸʵ׵𣿡
ҶȻѧһЩǿͬרŰʦѧաֵɽ˵ȫȣǿϵϣ飬ֻǿɣ͵ͻȻôģרҪͬ˵˵
ԥŵǸ硣
š
ҶͷԱ˾飬֧֧ǸҶڼҰɣ
⻰Ҷ˶٣üͷ̧ͷʲô
ûûûŵòУϽֵûʲôҾһʣʡ
Ҷü˵һ˫´ɵЩʶֱͦҶƬ̣תͷȥߡһ󣬵ͷڼ￴ˣųȥ
ŶŶͷֵȥðɣ
ˡҶ˵ڴڿӵƿһϡ
áӵƣ
Щ⣬ʶ͵ϲֶ
ҶһۣӲɽҲƬ̺ʵЩ߲Ա̧־Դңһһôôôô
л˵ú˵
ͷһ֡Ҳ֪ΪʲôĪšҶ˳˿ͬǰСԣϲĶҲͨûʲôһҶһЩ˼ֿɬӵġ
㶣Ҷ񣬲ɵ࣬Сԭʲôģ
һμҶϣѾģˡ
һѳʵĽһƿʯĲݡ侲ĬľҲֻںʱżƼ͸еĹʡ
ҶЦٵʱƢúܡڼ΢ʲô˳ĵģҪ޸ͣ˶޷졣
Ҷ˵ţ̲סЦ˼ֻʱĺܣ֪˵üΣͬĴ˵ҶáϲĶЩŵģСӣҶҺԺʮֻӣġЩʱЩӣͬ϶˵Ӳ᳤󣬺϶ؽȥ򣬽
ãһأҶͷЩӱñ׳Ҫרź򣬶˭۸ãҪ˭Ҷӣܺ˭ƴ
ҶĻ̲סЦˡ˵źҶϵ¶ҶſڣҶһҶߣһͬ϶ĵʼջǸӣֻǱųҪѧźú˵ѾԹܶˡ
Щ˵ѾˣȻȴҲ⣬ͷУԺھˡ
Ҷ
˵ţҶͣ½ŲޱָһСԺſڵԺˣԼͨɣˡ
УͷһȾơ
Ҷ⻰ǡһȴûתͷˡ
ҶˣվСԺſڣЩţսĶػ˼飬Ѿ߼ˣϳԥʱȥͨҶϡҶڿ˱ˣ㶣ɡ
ŵһô˵ҶϣˣɣתȦˡ
㶣ȴǷҲôڽȥˣֱӾͽɡ
Ѿ߽ȥƼҶſ˱
ҶϿȥЩ㲣ھǲûԷȥûɵġ֮ǰͻȻ˾˼ҶĻ
ҶҶϰŻ¡
Թܶ࣬
һ½סˣҶû̧ͷ˱²˵͹
⻰һЩΡ
ƤҶǰ
Ҷ˺ţܶҶ϶棬޶˶˾˼־ֱͦŵսױУһǸ쿴ȥɫ̫ãǲ̫ˣ
Դҩˣ
Ҷ̧ۿ۾ͨ㶣üͷô£ܹģô죿ʲô¶ˣǲ顭
ûû¡Ͻ֣ٿҶϣͷС¶ˡ
ʲô£
Ǹһûһ糯ʱĻҡϾȥƺˡҡҿһʱҲز
ţԣʲôҵģ
û˵Ϲ˾˼˸֬дóһֱڶŷҶǰ
Ҷ㶣ӵǸá
Ҷû˵Щ£ð죬㡭ǣ
ҡ˵ҶڰĻ¡̧ͷʱÿҶϣҶϣð죬ڲŵ㡭
ҶǰȴǷ·֪⣬ɫѵõᡣ֬˻ȥƽ͵£ĸ֮ý֮ԣû˽ܵĵ
⻰һʱЩ£Ƭ̺󣬼Ҷ̹ϣ࣬Ҳ㡣ͬ⣬Ȼ
ûʲôͬⲻͬ⣬ҶɫƽˣҶϲл֮䲻֮λȻλ΢պǰ;ȢңպҪЦġ
⻰ȻһҶϵɫ򶨣򶨵ÿȭͷҶϣô˵Լ
ʵ
ⲻҪ
͵Ҳ⣡
ҶϾúЦˣһһ䣬⡣Ҳ㣬Ҳ˺Լ̾Ϣվ̫Сˡ
ұʹ󡣡˵档ҶҡҡͷұҪϡ
ҲЩʹ󲻴ҲϲϣҶϣҾֻһ仰ûң
Ҷû˵עǰꡣѡһ·ϣ΢΢𶯣עֻҪңӾͰ㡣
Ҷϱ⻰ˣúǸ
û㡣ҲҪ
Աߵĵ۾ЩᣬִҶϣʲôã
Ҷһ̧ͷûʲôãܺãҲáϲ˭𣿡
˵˵ŭ⣬۾Ϲӣʲôã
ҶϱÿЦãӣƺЩѿŤͷȥûתͷڴڵӵϣɳ˵㿴ӵƿһˡ
Ҷû𻰣ŵӵҲúõúܣһӵСӣҲһѺ֣Բһֻ
㻹ҰɡҶϵͷܡ
Ҳ㡣̵ԺٲˣҲ㣬һҪ˵û
ҶһʱҲ֪ÿ޻ǸЦվŵҽպ˵ĻǿЦģˣոˣҡ
Ǹ
Ҷϵ͵ͳڰ֣ûʲôǸģҲʲô¶ҶǳˣҲϡ
˵꣬˳ȥҶϼߵ÷ɿ죬æ֬֬
ϲӡûлͷΪҿǮ
˵꣬ת˳ȥҶ֬һʱҲ֪ôˡ
ԼҶ߳ȥߵ·ϣҲ̲סˡ
ʮˣ˰ѵţͷɥ·ϣȫﲻסžžવĵ
Ҳʧ̫ˡ
ͻȻЩԹ˾˼Ҫǹ˾˼ԼҲô࣬ô࣬Ͳððʧʧ˵Щ־ҶҲԣʵͺ֬չչ飬Ͱѻװףض
ҲǶϲ
Լ˵ǰ˵˵±Ҳϲ̵ģһ춹⣬Ҫֺü죬˵ĺ춹⣬Ҫ͵͵Լȥ
Ǿÿ˭ÿȢ˭òС
ûϲⱲӳûȢ˵ϲ
ûϲⱲиԵ֣±иԵ֣±ӻԵֵϲ
ԽԽܣߵ˸ſڵʱЩ̲סˣͿ޳һ޳ʱоˬ͸ˣҲûˣ͵ͷŵһһĨᣬߵ˸ſʱ
޵̫飬ֱǰסˣŻعú׵۾̧ͷһ˸ȫڰ˶վſڣ
˾˼һ𾪣˾˼ŵôˣ
ԼⱲӵһ̶ˣôһ룬ˣɴƹˤ˾˼ǰһˣ˾˼һţסӵĳŹ˾˼޵Ÿ簡ұ˰أ
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лҪ˵ұ
㣺ûС
𣿿ǡ
㣺ûӵй̸ʲô



126 
ˣ˾˼ܱ˴ŵ, Щ, ı, ͬ, ȱűޣȵϸ˵
𣿡ſ˾˼ҭѯʣ˾˼ӻ֣ϽȥҲ̫ˡ
˵ͷ
˾˼üǻ
顢ӡЩôߵ, ˾˼, ȷϵ, ˡ
͵ӽҲˣ
ǰ, һӽ˾˼, 潣, ѽ, ˾˼, ᷽ܶࡣ
˾˼ͷѾľϷźˡ
ӦһҶˣˡ
ȥͬĸ𣬸ôĶ, 
֮棬Ѿ޵ò, ˺ܶࡣ̣˾˼ŪŲҶ˵ɣô޳ˣ
ʣҾͲ˵ˡ
⻰ʱͲˣŤͷԼȥ
˾˼ɹһҪ£
²°üΪţ˾˼ԱߵˮҶڣȥҶ֬˰ɣ
ɫ͵ģҲȥˣ
˼ҲҪɣ
ɫЩȻˡ˾˼ˮϲ룬Цſûסͺ˼˵Ը˼ɣ
ɫױˣ˾˼Ц˵û˵أͱ˼Ҿܾˣ
˾˼ŭȳ˸ң
㣿
˾˼Цǲм˷ҶǵСžţҲӶ
ǺȫһûģҴϢŵ㡭㻹ȥ
ܽж𣿡˾˼һȻ׷˼ҾܾȤܽжϲ˵˵һӶ֪˵ϲ㣬ǲͦ˭ϲ˭ϲ׷úö˼ңú׷󣬺úúúƭǮ꺮ů˵ûû᲻˵
˾˼ˣʱˣ˵ɣҺ˵˾͵óԵͷܾһ²֪ءҺ㽲㲻һ⣬ͼ˵˵˵ȥҶҪܸŽҶϣԺĿڽ硣
ˣﲻùҲ˵䡣˾˼˵̫һۣ˾˼һ࣬Ҳ˵ˣͷȲ衣ŵҲѹ϶нᣬһʱ׽ܱˣҲ㡣óóȻȥ˵϶ǲͬģպ·ͺˡ
⻰࣬̾˿ɩӣ˵Ҫô
Ͷôþˡ
̾˿Թ࣬Ҳ֪ΪԹ࣬ٻ᲻ҶδʲôڴҲҶԻ¶С϶񣬹ƾǵҶҰţųʲôʲôϲλƺӺú¶λãȲ˵ϲϲ㣬Ҷȿ㡣
㶣ǲôġ񣬱Щ˵øϸЩҶҲŵڣҶϵݣӦŵġֻľҶǲҵһ̫õԵҪô޸߹檣Ҫôͼ޸ûʿޣȻõģһԴĸ߹٣˼ҡֻ޹ȥˣٶǿġҶ϶ԣıԶãĻٵϲҶϿɣ϶ã㵽˽գҲ͹ûʲôͬ¼ޡ
棬Ҳ˿ڡ˿ںˣѧϲһˡ
˵ţţ֮ȴ˾䣺ǰǲͦһ
⻰Цúܡ˵Ҫ޵ˣҪӢ˫ȫҪ߹ٺ»أǸӢۡ
Щ˵㺢ˣţúȴǵ֪ˡ
Ҫ˵Щʲôͣ˾˼Ѿ˳ſڡسǵ˵뺣½ǳ˳ţ˳⣬˾˼㿴񲿵ſںţ̵ĳҲѾͣſڡ
ƺ͵˾˼ˣ񲿵һߵǰ˾˼ͬ񲿵ĹԱԼ˼
񲿵˽˹˾˼΢һ´г͢ŸЩͳһ㣬⻰Ӧ󣬱ȥһͬϤȥˡ˾˼񲿵˺һ㽫ȥ񲿵ˣ˾˼عͷ̡
̴ų˾˼Ц棬Цݣ˭ҹһɱǳ˵ֱʡ
˾˼û˵̱ȿˣγУ˴˶չˡ
˾˼Ц̣Ӧǹĳչ˲ǡ
˷У˴£һо˴˰ţĳչ˴˵˵
ЦЦģУ˾˼ЦЦҲˣɫ磬ǻ̰ɡ
˫񣬹˾˼ȥͷȥ̵Ĺ滮һƺӣҪǴʼǻƺӷ㣬֮ǰͼƺӣ;ϣƺһ£˲ƣÿι滮øǮ󲦿ȥԶԶɻƺޣǮޣƺӸضصأʱˮģǮ͢Իƺӵ̬ȣ㶼ǵùҹԼλʱû⣬˭˭ù
͹˾˼ŻʵܳǵĹȥƺˮļ¼㿴һ̧ͷЩ˵һαΪʲô¶ƺӣ
ţ˾˼̧ۿ㣬üͷ㿴ȥʱǿʢƺӣó⻼֪ҰĲݵ̬ʱ޻ƺӣ²𣿡
㵹ö࣬˾˼Ц˵Ҳ޵޻ƺ޵úãǾǹ̩񰲣޲ãҲǲܵġ¾޻ƺӣȻĿ
˵
¾ڣ棬˾˼°ͣžڣĵһǱƶ֪񲻻֪֪ᷢǱڶûˣ֪ҲҪݲȴģȫ̳˴ٵļҵ׵ģɾʲôûУԼŪҪ֪ƻꡣʱ˵ൽģƺӱꡣ
ţüͷ
˾˼̧ͷ̾˿㣬˵ЩͲģôģұ㲻˵ˡ
Ҫǲ˵ҲŲءæЦչȥأ
ǣ¿ǣ³ǡǡǴĸ֮ʣպ͢ȵˣҪٶʲôˡ֮ǰ޻ƺŴʧܣʵĵԭ򣬱Ƕܲ˵طЩԱǮùһһ̰ȥȻԶ½ڶʹЩӽ˼ҲҪ޻ƺӣЩԱǴʵʵģպ˶
Щף˵ģ¶úþǺ£áѱ
̾˿ǾôˣҪ˴ġ
ҵøҸλá
˾˼˼ţЩɻ󣬹˾˼ЦЦģЩ㡣ͬ˵˵µ뷨Ǳ¿ǵóԶ붫̫ˣһˮԶҲǺܴвһƺ⸽ǲصأ޺ðպúòϢǴպʢƺ޺ˣǽڻպʳҲٵģ֪ҲеϱҲĹ룬޻ƺʱֱӽ޳ϻӣպʳ㲻õģǰҵҪǣôôݳǮݳǮڣûгҲͰˡ
ţ˵ͷ˼Զ
˾˼ӦһڻҲ̫࣬ʲôʲô¶š㵽Ǵ㽨ֿ⣿
ԡͷһ潨ֿ⣬һ￴һûʲô
һ·ţʮպ󣬱㵽
Ա˵˾˼Ҫſڡ˾˼һڳջϢһϣڶ峿˾˼˶ϹٸҴȥ
ſڣȥ˻򴩹ٷ򴩽ۣվſڣȥӳеļƣ³عͷ˾˼Цӭ˿ȥϰˣҲˡ
ĹپƷƷ˾˼üЦЦɵúúðͽ𣿲ѽ˾˼飬˵Լ·ɫƽЩ˸ǺɲΪǣվ㻻һ۹ҲṧͷһëƤĺùǵĻϣҲܷϡ
׵ġ
Ӧ˵䣬ͣſڣͣ˾˼洫һּĺ˴ˣ
˾˼аһŰװֵȥԼĪʮģȫǼ·ʲôѾõĴ˵˴ˣ¹Ԫڴ˹˴˶ʱˣ
˾˼ЦЦǫ͵ø˾õˡ
˵ţľϱ˾˼̽ͷȥ̽ͷͿһֻ׻֣Ԫ˴ˣҷ
˾˼
ոڣҪһʮ
ֻôһ٣Ԫ̲³˹˾˼뷨æ˴ǿ׳ֱ׳껪¹æڱģ˴ǧҪ⡣
˾˼ǿЦЦô˿ţҲһʹ򸵱ԪֻЦŵӦ³óĵлˡ
˵ţ˾˼ֱ
ʱҲע⵽һ仨סɫ¡ͷŮڹ˾˼ϣ˾˼С˾䣺̨׸ߣСЩ
Ůӵ͵ӦһŹ˾˼˶ڹ۲˵ľٶԪ̵λǷˣ
˾˼⻰¶һĵЦԣҷˡ
˵꣬ԪͶһ䣬㱻£˾˼һȴЦøЩԪֺù˾˼ĵ˵ſķ˵Ҳ֪Ԫǳʲôģ˶̲סЩƮƮȻ
˵˼䣬ҲԪɨһ̵Ĺٷ̵λɰɣ
ЦЦӦˡ
Ԫ̿ʼһͿ䣬֮󣬸ԪŴŹ˾˼̻عͷվſڵİˣһͷԪ֣Щ
˵֮ͻȻкӳϷк£ôдţ

ףԸ
ӭ
˾һ´󺰣ӭ
һѹ˾˼ˣҲ˰컰˵ҲǴģ⾰֪˵ʲôֻ̼ЩˣԱɫ䣬Ц硣
ð󣬸Ԫ˾˼Сˣɣ
˾˼⻰üͷЩ˲֮¡
񣬲˲ƣԪϽֵǴԸģ˴ҪҶ˵úܡ˴Ҫ޻ƺӣڴģǧ
ˣ˾˼ţ̲סȽǰɣ
ŶԣǽǣԪϽ˴;Ͷ٣ҲýǺúϢһˣ÷ɡ
˵ţԪŹ˾˼һȥ
Ԫ˾˼׼լԺڳõλãһСľ룬ԶǡǡһСľ룬ԺӰ˺ܶࡣլԺ󣬵֮󣬴ɼݻ¡Ԫڹ˾˼һŹ˾˼ȥһǳڸҽٸõլԺϰ˵ˣϲסþסãǷϲһֱסȥҲ޷
⻰˼˵ԣլ͸˾˼ˡ˾˼⻰æ˵ЦˣլԺĳᰴм۸ϰ塣
¹ףԪ˿˾˼̣Цŵ˴˸߷ڣ¹ٶ޵Ǯ͸ǵطٸʹ˷ġˣ˵ţԪ˴˷Ѿ׼˷ˣԪŹ˾˼˴ˣҹ¹Ա磬ΪӷϴϢ¹Σ
˾˼ͲϽߣæӦȻȥ
ȸԪߺЦŵ˵Ǹµġ
˾˼һ˾øˡ
һֱڹ˴ߣĳ£
˵ţ˿ӣ̧ͷȴͬһҲˣԷɡ
˵û㣬ͷʼвˡ
㶣ȷӦװû˿ӿʼвˣͬ˾˼˼Էˡ
˾˼ӦһҲϲŭŮӣ֣㽫һ̰ϺŵԼǰʼ˹Ϻ
һһͬ˵Ͼİţ֮ҲԣֱӾͷŵ
ʱ򣬾Ϳ˾˼ǰһѰõϺʱæŸ磬Ϻأһ
˵ţĿӾ̽˹˾˼ּۿ죬ÿӵסĿӣȻǰһƣҪԼ
㿴ǰŵϺ㶣ʶϺԭǰԼġ
ûϺˣ˾˼ͬŮҪ¾֣תͷЦЦôųǲǸ


127 
˾˼ôʣЦ, ŵԷ, Ҳһˡ
˾˼˿ӿʼԼԷ, һһ˵Ż, ȳ극󣬹ܼ˴ҵס˾˼˷ţ˾˼㿪ʼĴ顣
ʲôЩɻ󣬹˾˼һǽڴһûи䣬û͵Ķס, ҪСЩ
ڴ, Ź˾˼æ, ҡӵøԪô

˾˼ſھ͵ǲø㰡
ô죿Щ, , ǡ
Ҳٿ˾˼˼ŵ, ǲ˽, ȷǵľ, ǵϸ֮㡣
ͷ,  ϯұ㲻ȥˡ
˵ţתͷͷһҴ˳ȥأ޻ƺ׬Ǯ, תͷЦЦá
͹˾˼һϢƬ̺󣬱˳ȥˡ
һҪǲȵ㣬Ĵ˿λãѰʺϵĲֿ⣬棬ԼʺһĴ
ȥ˹䣬˽һµصԼϰߡ
ѾݵݸڶϰˣҲжô֡ؾصһЩ̣㲻ϳʣҲûʲôǱ˵ģǱˡ
һֺŵľ¥Ų˵ڼƺǼС㣬߶߶˵Ȥ綫ݷʦ˵صķԣؾ˵ɳʿЧҵĹ¡
ڳϣŽһܽӴ·߻ǽǰ˻ţ࿪շ׷ױã㿴ǹټҵˡ
е·мͻȻһŮӳ˳˽ǰſͷͣͣελþ㣬˵ԶԶ˵Ůڿ޺ЩʲôΪطԣЩѣֻ½½ǼΨһж
Ⱥ۷׷ףܿʿҪŮӣŮӼҽţشˣشˣ
ọ̀Ҫﴫһ侲š
˵ǴٵĹٻٻдЩԲݿƺѾƯ˶꣬ϸţ
һʱɵ˼ֺ棬ǹٽӣһʮͷ˴ӽ˳糺ɫĹٷطܴ糺ɫٷģӦǸ١ƷϲܴɫٷǸԪҲֻɫǸˣ忡ȥΪȣ˵ɱӽһ˱㶼ˡ
ߵŮǰܱʿЩΪѵشˡ
ſ
ڣʿҲţŮӸϽ¹Ա˹ͷشˣֻΪˡ
ˣɫƽ¶ĳܣĳҲáȥɣ˵ţС࣬˵ʲôֻŮڻǿÿ·
Աص˽ϣӼǰС
ԱţСɵõ·ģλˣ
Ǵʷشˡ
СЦŸ裺ش˸ʲô¶ϰնϲ״
ͷֵΪβأ
⻰ʵСЦЩˣææңش˳úãһҲϲ
⻰˵ˣҲСǲԸ̫ࡣҲǿ󣬻˸⣬ֻԱߵĵؼۡСúǽСģ˵䣬ͷϱð亹£ҲˣȥԼڰͬӡ˵Щô裿
үѲƺӵ¶ӡЦЦ˲øЩϰϺҩ𣿡
⻰üͷ룬æ˸ŷŮӣЩҪǹٸ鷳ʱ
ھ¥ŷ˾˼·̡ͬһɸԪȥ˸Ԫĵط
Ԫ磬˾˼·ˣҾǵĸ̣ӴԴԱҪôҵӵܣҪô׹ϵģҲ˵ѡ
񵱼ҵ˽񴿣Ѿʮ꣬Ź˾˼һˣһԺӣ˾˼š
·ϸ˾˼ĳһֱ˵񴿵ĺû˾˼ţûͣҲûв
ȵң˾˼̺һ㿴ԪżվſڵŹ˾˼ˣһ˾˼⼸˾ӭԪ˾˼ܵ˴ˣϰˡ
˾˼Ŀ⿴ȥһʮˣȥʮֺͰЦŹ˾˼˸˴ˡ
ϰ塣˾˼ЦŻ
˾˼û¶Ԫʱż˽ȥ
Ժ󣬴ſߵԺӣһӣԺСˮмϷ԰ֵľ¡񴿽ͬ˾˼̸ţŹ˴ʿ񼫰ݾ£ݵĹ޽԰֣֪˴ΪΣ
ͦõġ˾˼ͷͣ񴿽Żͬ˾˼һЦ̽Ժӣ˾˼ҴһɨڳҪôŹٸҪôŽӦǵصĹԱ̣ͷ¶Ԫˡ
һȺԵʮۣһ糺ɫۣԼһ˶ڸλϡλܽλú͹ٷƷӦܱͣûʲôԼһţͷʲô
ȥӦҲʮңԾԵʮӢʮֶׯϸ΢֮˵ׯţǳŲе˵̬ù˾˼Ҷӵܡ
˾˼ĿϣԱ񴿼ˣæشʷ
شʷ
˾˼ظһ䣬ȴЩˡ
ʷΪ͢ίɵļԱƷȻǲ͵ģԵҲȻǲõģϾڶ˭Ҳû¶ȥʷ̨졣Ϊʷ̨ĵطԱʷλò˴˾˼
һԱɳóֵϯϣǵһʱܾȻ࣬ɼشʷ뵱عԱҲһЭ
˾˼һÿ˵ֺһ㡣ȵϯ˱һ˾˼̡˾ƣֻ˿δԪ骲Ͻ˹ȥͷͬ˵ʲôüͷúվȻȴ̵ķ˹̾һƵɡ
˾˼Щ죬Ϊʲôȸ̾ƣɫ糣ƺϵģ⽫ӷŵһЩ̬骾˾ƣ󹧾˵˾䣺ش˿ˡ
˰Ѿƺ꣬骵ͷҲû˵תȥߵ˾˼ǰ˾˼ؾؾһȻȥˡ
һ˶еɣԪ˾˼骣¹˾˼ϲæȥ˾˼شݣƢͬɺһ֡
ݣ˾˼Щɻž˵ڵûˣݣ
Ԫæش𣺡СɷɵĹøСɻû꣬СûˣСߺ󲻵꣬Ҿ͡
Ԫһ骣ɫ糣ӦǾͶڹ˾˼ߣС˵ԭǼҵģС˽һֱûعݡСȥ磬ֻһӸҲһֱûңӴˣ˸ɵݵһչĸһ˾ˣǸ϶еŹ֣ò׼һݣ¶ûִ磬Ҳ֡
˾˼ţһʱҲ֪ԪЩǸ˵飬ڼ骡ϲֻǵôˣҲûиң
ûСԪ̾˿شʷԷһƬģķض׼ˣǲһˡ
˾˼⻰ͷ˵ʲô洫һͨ˵
⻰ڳ˶ϲɫæվ񴿸ֱӴλű߼˹ȥ˾˼תͷȥ㿴һλͷ߰׵˽糺ɫĹۣЦź˵⻰ȥ˵常ˡ
Щ¶óˡ
ͬ˵һߵ˾˼Ц˸¹֪˼Զ˴ˣ٣˴˼¡
Ȼ˵š¹١ɾͶ֮ȴûаֹ֪λãһĳ١Ƶۺȡ˴ٵľ飬룬ֳ֪ݺͽڶʹͬһݣͳһͳ⣬ݾ໥롣ûսң˼ԶݵȻƷ˾˼ʵȨȴȹ˾˼С˾˼һ˼˼Զٵԭ
Ԫ˳˼Զͳһ£һҪִ֪磬ݣʼ˼Զĵ̡
˾˼ϼ֪뿴ˮж죬ϽװеĻǳ£ӦͨһŰݷòǣѾǸ¼ˡ
˵ţ˾˼˼Զкŵ
˼Զ˾˼˵ͣЦƴǣ˾˼˻വư͵Ļλã˼Զڸϣ˾˼һơ
Ա˿˻˼ԶնʱͲ̫һˣйԱû֮ǰľнŹ˾˼Ҳ˼Լ˵ζ
˾˼ףϵˡ
˼Զ̸仰֮Ŀڽˡ硱˼ԶϵܡԱ̾Ϊֹһ仰˵ֻҺȾơ
Ԫ˼Զ͹˾˼̸øˣЦߵ˼ԶϣСˣϸ裬Ǿˮ
ϣ˼Զʮֺתͷ˾˼ϵܴӶʶ㣬ƧΨһһãǹ飬ϵܽ꼸ꣿ
ոռڡ˾˼ЦŻش˼ԶƵãſǺʱ򣬿һ飬˼Զ
˾˼֪ᷢʲô˼Զ˵֮תͷȥͿһȺݺݺ࣬ɴ鲽Ժ̤
ϵ·ڵƹ¼ʲôûУ˾˼ЦݽסˣȻӲŽĿƿ򶨿ԶǵͷʼԶٲ̧ͷˡ
ڼ¶ӣ˼Զ˶ЦˣԪԱվŵ˴˹Ȼᡣ
ܵϣ˾˼Цŵǲǻúá
ϵ⻰˵ã˼ԶЩˣŮܹʲô£²ŮдʣӰɡ
˵ţ˼ԶʮǶź˴ˡ
˾˼ЦЩҲסˣʮ̴ڹ˾˼ǰ˼Զžƣͬ˾˼ϵܣӣǸǲأ
˾˼˵ŹڵɪɪĹ񴿲̲Ӷź򲻺õĹʲôã˴˲ϲǣҲ÷ˡ
һ⻰˾˼Χȥ˾˼̬ףҪõ˼ԶΣͱ¶ԼɫǮھܾ
ˮܾˣǾʧȥ˺Ա򽻵Ļᡣ˿Ա߼޳Ĺ̾˿ˣϰ㿴㶼˼ųʲôˣôôѡ
ε̬һơ㡭ָһ룬תͷͬ˼ԶǸˣ쿪𣿡
Ա㶣˾˼ЦЦ˵ʵСܶŮɫûʲôãǺöġоŮˣſ㣬ҡӺȾƶĴСвУ
˼Զ⻰˴ϲô涼С
Ԫǽ̸ʱȥ֧ӣ˾˼Լߺͬ˼ԶˣǷ棬˾ߵ˺Ⱦƣȡ
Ⱦƶû˼Цŵù·ǣѹֿıˣıߵĹ·
ҺȾưɣ˾˼̵ôί
ȣ̧֣ЦеһˣҲȲˣסˡ
һնʱ˾˼һ٣С棬Ϲʲô
ѹ˾˼СҺ¡
㺦Ҳ£
ɴۣ˾˼Ͻ˵˲˵ˣǶǮ˵㡣
˵ţ˾˼Ŵҿʼˢ
ѺС㻮ȭĳϵĶ˾˼ûвģǮ¾͸ߣ汻֣˼Զɵö˾衣
˾˼ļãӮ˾ù·˾ͺȾƣûһ˾˼ͱòУһʱʱǺտϷ
ֵȻ죬Ҳǣ׼ظ˿ɫţ㾭һ¥¥ǰ壬ûʲôŮ¥͡㲻ɵ㶣ЩֵĻ͵𣿡
Ͱ㷢ʣ΢úЩĻﶼȥдˣó˼ǳͣǲ𣿡
ͣ⡱һ£ɵõʲôͣ
Ŀˡ
˵ţǳЩĿӦҲǶǱߵİɣ͢˵Ҫ޻ƺӣ֪
⻰һ
ĬƬ̣ûɵЩͷλô˵
磬Щ¶ͻȻڵȽҷɡ
Щ֣ǽӡҼҪȥ
ӡ̵ף
ӡܿȥ˿ɫüͷ
ӡ쿴ǲˣæοģүֱǽ˻үҲһΪģ
Ҳǵ
ҡҡͷ˼һҪǵȦӣǲþ˼ȥȻҪס˼ѱս໨˼̫ǿӲܾºٺǴ򽻵鷳ˡЩҪܾģ档
˵ǡ
ӡͷȥ˾ˡ
Ӧһתͷһ۽ֵ̾˿޼ɵȻмˣҲ´ʷ࣬ЩԱ̫ˡ
ӡ˵ţ㵽ſڣ˿̵ƻͨվǰŮŮ֮Щӡɫʱ䣬Ա߸Ҳɵÿ㣬ɫ糣ͬŵ˹˾˼˴֮ޣҹǰ̽뿪š
⻰ɫͲ̫ÿˣϽԵȡ
ͨˣӡ첻ȥʲôأ
룬ͷ˵öԣҲøʱ䡣
ӡЩûûӦתͷͬԸ
Щɣȴǰѵݸ㣬ŵǰ˴ţŸհŴ򿪣ֱӰѵŷ죬侲˾˼֮ޣǰҷؼҡ


128 
ͥԺ˾˼ͷ, Ժ˶ھƵߥ±ø, ֻʼձһָ侲, λԹ, ȫ
Ժﶼ˵ĺССע˾˼˼Զֱڶߣһӣ˾˼ϣ˶ʵ, ˾˼˸ɸ, Ŷ˼Զ, žõ, ĳξͲ, ĳһῪ˳
ӣӣ
û˵, ľϾͼ˽, ˡ
˵ʲô˾˼, һַڶߵƣ˵㣬̫, 
ٷˣ
ľϼкţ˾˼û, 
ľһӣ٣ˣˣ
һΣֹ˾˼ڳ˶ˡ
ȫҾͿ˾˼ͷס˶Ƭ̺󣬱һֱŵ·Ǳһˮùһ㣬˲˹͵վݵ죬ҪӺߣ
˴˲ؾţ񴿿˾˼ģϽģ÷Űѷ棬͸
˲ˣ
洫һūʹ󺰣˷˴ˣ
һ⻰ɫˡ˾˼̵ˣסģûᵶʱ򣡡
˵꣬˾˼͵񴿵֣죬ұ
˾˼û˻ش𣬾͸һ㷿Ƶľ飬źű˹ȥ˼ں棬ʱҲˡ
ֱӴץɷģȻһֵøȻֵʱȴ˶һ¡ǸͽˮĹƤ𪣬º紺Ƴˮܽء
òʱ˱㲻ԾĿ˹ȥ֮󣬳ӯӯһλˣҼҷ˾˼ڣ
ڳ˭˵ĿһɨȺзŶûüܵľϣºЦأ
ľϱ۾һƸ۵ƣŹ˾˼ܵķ̧һָ°ͣͬȥ׷
̳źԺ˹ȥתͷɨһۣ㿴Ⱥеλվһߵ˼ԶЦǰȥ߶Ÿλˡ
ɫ̫ÿ˼ԶƬ̣ڲŵ˷ˣһ仰ΪȰ䡭
Ҫ˵Ļף˼Զڣȳˣ̧֣ͷһŮӦ£ƶʣֻһӣɾͻ飬Ҳ˵
⻰ҾͲȰˡʵ۴ͻ鶼Ͳȥ˭ȰŮˣһʱ֮䣬ڳ˶Թ˾˼ôͻȻһʼ˾˼ЩŮӾԶ֮˵ԼŮɫڷǣǣֻĸϻ
ͥԺ˵Ż㽫˾˼ҼţӺԺ˹
˾˼ȸˣŲЩģǰ㾲
ʲôû˵˾˼;ĺӿһʱ̬ǰȥ㱧סĴȣίſ޵㣬ԸģǱҵİ
ڳˣ
ɫЩÿˣǿЦݣ˴ˣ磬ֶѣ˿ÿ
ҿ
Ͽڣ˾˼αҭŵ˵˲ˣһҪҺȡ˻ҪǮҽĺܾˣҲ֪ǱŶĵģ˵ȾƲǮͲѣӣǱƵġ
ԶԶԣӦˣϽɩӣǱƵġЩҲһϵûУȻ࣬Ƕһû
Щ̧ͷ˼ԶţɣԱˣöĲĹٳرҵɷ󣿡
˼Զ˵ɫʱ˾˼Ŀ˼ԶƴŵǸ˶ԲסҼλӾǼҳЩ߶Ŵˣ
˾˼˵ţæҾˣپۡ
˾˼˵꣬ҪߣҲû˵ͬ˾˼˳ȥĨһͷʹһɫ̫ÿ񴿼͹˾˼Զˣֱͬ˴Ҳ̫ʧЩŮ˵úùܹܲǡ
ǿЦҪǹܵˣˣֻøλ˶ൣˡ
ϣ㿴͹˾˼һߣ˾˼Сŷ磬ŵǼúɣôһͨƢԺ˭ҳԷˣá
ԶЩűӣоζ
˾˼ЩӸԼŷ磬ֺõЦݡǶ棬°͵ˣ
ʲô˾˼תӣ˼ԼĴ¶Ҫ˶žˡ
ͷ̾˿ãһͰٵĵ˸顣֪ô쿩
ǵ飿
˾˼ҡӣǿжˡǮҽȫ㱨͢ǻáŮˣҿϴˡôһǹҲҸŮˣǸҶ䣬Ǵ쿪ʼҪ뷽跨ֺ㡣
ЩǮҽ𣿡Сѯʣ˾˼̧ۿӣôӣҪӣҪ˭ģ˶٣ն٣ҪͶٵȥʷ̨ͻʵǱ֪̺ˣһ㡣
ߡЩģ˾˼ģȿš˶ʲô©
ƺ߹Ƴʲô©ҡҡͷͶôǮ޻ƺӣΪ˺ˮͨС̶ͶǮԼǮȥֻҾ˼鷳
üͷ⣬ҪСĲǡ
˾˼Ӧһ룬ͬȥǸ骡
ͷס
µſڣЦͬɩӣ
Щɻ̧ۿŹ˾˼ŬŬ죺Ÿֶֺ֡
ȥ
û˵꣬˾˼ͳԱߵĺ˹ȥЦ˺ӣְ˺öСúء
˾˼ȥҪ֣ǡҲͣˣڹ˾˼ץסǰһ˾˼˸գתͷ㣬ڨڨ㣬˵
û˵㿪ڣ˾˼ʱЦҪ˵һ䣬Ϳҡӵء
˾˼ɫˣ糣ЦºͣɾٳӦ꣬ʲô׵ģ̫ˡ
ô˵Ҳô룬֪Ϊʲô˾˼ܾôëëĸоӡ
ҹ˾˼˵ǿ˵䣬㲻ҲŲס˯ˡ
ȵ˵ڶգ˾˼ͿͰͶϴһ˫ȫֺõˣź𴲡
ɫ䣬ЦЦͷ
˾˼Ͻˮӣ׾ϴ֮¡㿴յİѴŤϵȥϵŤŤʵ̲סЦסֵˣˣҲˡ
Ц˾˼˿סظЦˣˡ
ЩʲôЩ֣Ҳ㣬ҲЩԱ
˵ţ̧һ¹˾˼죬Щε̫ƫˣóԺ࣬㲻ⶼ˱ȥܣҲûط
˵ʲô˾˼ץסص㣬𾪵ʲô
죬ϽûʲôҾǼ㡣ӣ̾˿оƺǮй㣬޾ʣҡ
û˵꣬ľϾʹ˽Цŵˣҹ̵ѶҪ
˵ɡȿڣ˾˼Ӧһľ̵ҹ̺йԱ϶һ飬ݹԱദãҹʱƣشʷͻġ
ţ˾˼̧ۣ֪˵ʲô
ͯ˵ſԼ̺ɨĹ
˾˼üͷԼɨĹӦ¹ˮ˾˼̵ʼǸᣬ˻ֵ
ľӦ˾˼Щľȥˡ
ôһҲٶ˵ˣһ˷˾˼̺ȥãԼȥҲֿλá
ǻƺӵķΣҲˮ·滮һתվҪȥҵһֿ⣬ҪĻ֮ҪȥһСӻƺлС
ڳתһ죬Ѱʺϵֿĵططͷ̫ԶͨҪҵؼ۲̫һŸļ۸һѯŸ̵
æŵʱ򣬼㴫Ϣ˵̫̫˼
Ͻ˸ۡʰһ£ȥǰ
ǰʮλˣͶ£ĹܼһһˡЩɸԪӳŹͬ졣Ǽ˵͸Ԫһ㣬Ŀˡ
СӦţȴˣϱȥ԰ӡýһֽԺӣ˶ԶԶţ㿴лҪ˵ֱӿڵ˿ʲô˽µĻҪ˵ģ
˷·Щ˵˼˷˿͸͸ġѽȷЩͬ˷˵˵˵˴޻ƺӵ¶޻ƺӿǴ¶ҷλϴ˶ʮˣƺ޹Σÿһδƺ֮󣬻ȥ٣ܷƣõòˣǻѽ
ţ¶飬޻ƺӾĸ𣿡
һƺӵʮѩ
ЦŵСС֣ų͢һǧģ
⻰¶ɫôࣿ
˷˻֪ϼ֪Ϸҷ˵ˣһǧع˴Ҫһ󹤳̣¶ҪһЩµˣķˣǹƺӽҪֵķˣ˵˷ˣ٣Ҳ¶ù˷ڹ˴ǰԼ䡣
ˣ˵סһЩݺݺŮӣЦЦֻҪҷŮˣһж˵
㶣Цף¶Ƕ˵ˣ˷ĺãǶΪ͡
ǲ˼ЦЦû˵Ͽ㣬Сϲ׵ģϲ
⻰֪ôˡ
׵ӦþӣӦþǽ۳Ʒ룬׵İɣҹ̧ˣһټһ顣
ϸ߸Ӧȥˡϸ¼ÿһ˺󣬵ȳԹЩˡ
ڸӦЩ˵ʱ򣬹˾˼̺ãͬ˼ԶԪ˵һεɼƻ
ƺӣȫһӽһʱ䣬ӽµ£ٶȿЩܽ׼һǧȫǮһûУԴǮһҪСġ˾˼̿ͼֽͬ˽š
һǧ򣿡ԪԱЦǼ̰ӣҲ㹻ġ
޵̰ӣ˾˼һ۸Ԫ滮ֳ׶Σһ׶ߡ£Ҫе̰ӼӷӭѴ׶δҪǼӹǰĵ̰ӣʱ۲򣬼ʱ֪ͨΰɢԼֺ֡
Ǻ׶ǣ˼Զüͷ˾˼ָͼϼߵĺӵƽĵƺ֮ƵֺҪǺӵƽֱ¹滮˺ӵһ潫ȹֱһӷƺӵĺӵһ̳ﶬ꣬ĸҪ֮󣬻ƺӴ֮󣬺ˮĴɽƽࡢϡࡢȻֱ벳
˴ˣԪüͷƺӳֺѽģʵΣ˻ƺӷˮƸߣƽˣ⣬Ҳûн
ǲĵԱ߿ڣֵҪģ
˼ԶЩף˾˼˵ͷǰͼһƺӣʼû깤Ǿͽ޺ãӻƺһ·ӵӡ
⻰Ԫ˼ԶԿһۣ˼Զ˲豭ЩӲˣǵ׶أ
׶ξˮբӷ̰ӡ˾˼侲֮󣬻ƺˮƽպͨƺʮһˮբʱ顢ˮճԱ֤ͨԹũˣ˾˼̧ͷ򸵱ԪЦŵƺ޳ɣպΪŦ˹·ǰ;
ԪЦûҽӻ˾˼˼ԶΪΣ
ܺã˼Զͷ˴˺ͼ־ã˹Ȼ롣ƺˮǧ֮˴˴һ֮һڽǺη
˼ԶȻǿޣڳȴļ˾˼ЦЦˣ˼ᣬ¶˼ǲܣʲôʵģʵһ¡
ûʲôʣ˼Զ˾˼ЦŵǮɣ̫ܲ
Ǯ¶򵥣ʱ򿪿ˣֵ˵ˣһǧǳ͢ģҪǲʹ˰ﲹ޸ӵһǧôҲùˡ
ô˼Զ˿ڲ裬Ǿްɣپù˴ıԶǣ¶ȫȨɹ˴˸ͺáҲˡ
˼Զվ˫ָ߳ȥٻ¶㲻ˡˮ£ˣ˼Զһ۸ԪúЭ˴ˣе
ԪͷӦǡ
˾˼ŸԪ˼Զ߳ȥŲһڣ֪˼Զлڣö˵
Ԫ˼ԶЦͬ˾˼˴ˣҪԹ˵ɣ
˾˼Ӧһȴվͬ˾˼͸ԪλˣĳЩ˽£λЭ̣˽ĳɣĳиǡ
˾˼κ͸Ԫ£뿪ȻҲ̹뿪󣬹˾˼תͷ򸵱ԪˣЦŵܸܲĳһ£ǮҪٲŹ


129 
Ԫ˾˼Ļ˫ַǰ, Цŵ˴Ϊ, Ǯ¶, ¹һ, ô֪Щ
Ԫѣ˾˼֪Ԫǲͬ͸ʵˡ
һǧǹݣãм϶Ǯǻ޺ˣ˾˼⣬ҲԸԪĿڷ磬ݵĵסԪҲ, ˾˼Цһ£Ǿ˼ȥ, ޺ӵ¶鲻, ͽ˶, տʼɣ
˷Ը
Ԫž˼ȥ緹, ȥ֪ͨ˸ʩ˹, ̸һ, ÿ, üվ棬˾˼ôˣҲ˿, ֮ǰѾ޻ƺӵڳ㽫ȥҪһе̰ӵĽ׶, ҪһɣӭӰ´Ѵ
Ļɫ˾˼̧ͷһˣڵλѴģ˵һ
ڳû˵˾˼ֱû顭
˾˼û˵ȺһΪԥˡ
˾˼ȥһרŸɳˣӴһڹһֱŻģ˾˼ЬϻմȾǴӹظոոϹ
˾˼˻ɫ͵ʲô⣬˵
ˣ˾˼̬ȺãڴӵǮ̫ܲ
˾˼⻰üͷ˿ڣԱ˶׷׸ӦǮֲʱ䲻
ţҪ깤ʱſʮ¡
˾˼Ǹ̸ۣüͷԽԽֻǰʮ²깤ڰ´Ѵʱô죿
˴ˣǣԪЦ¶Ҳû취ġˣˣʱƳһ°ɣ
˾˼û˵Ƭ̺ڵ˵ǮǾ͸һһʵ㣬š
⻰ųû˸ǰ˾˼ָ˵š
ԥƬ̣˴ˣ˵ӣǼɳҪһ깤ٸǴסģмۣһһ¶ʮǮ
ţ˾˼ֵ̧ٸˣʮǮ֮ǰʹĳȣֻҪһۡ
⻰ԱߴһЦ˾˼ŤͷȥԪһҲǹģֻûסЦģ
˾˼üͷԪһ˴ˣƽλ飬ǹ´µ˲ţµ¶ܴѧյ¶ȴѧ˵ģ¶˵˵ɡ
ϾԪЦ˼ԲĿᡣ
˾˼û˵
γԪسͣʵϻ֪
ĬţŭʢȻѹסԣû˵þú󣬹ЦˣҲˣ˵ɡ
˾˼ͬ˸ľϳţߵſڣ洫ѹŵЦ
񣬿һȴ޲Լ䲻Ҫô
ȭͷ󲽻ص˼
ʱѾҹ㻹Žֿĸֳɱ˾˼һƿһɣʹŴ˵
ŵøϽȥΪˣˣ㷢ģˡ
վڱϣСˣ˭
ԪԪ
˾˼һͦӴϷŭһү
˱ˮº͵ʲôˣͬ˵˵
˾˼ŲӲ˵ı˾˼֪Ϊʲôôľ;ô˵ί
־ãǽίֳԵ̫ɡһƽڵտ֮ǰҪøص̷˵ãȻŪһ˵ǮǸ˵ֲ˵ֻֽ֪ϱȻҾҲ֪ô裬޷ǾΪûǺô
Աķˡ
ڹ˾˼ߣָ̧̫Ѩ˾˼ϣʲô
ֺңҸ㴵߷磬¶ǰ졣
ڹ˾˼֮У۵Ǯˣ
Ҫ׵Ļţм̫䣬ǮҪ߱£ʱΪлߵ֤ģʱҪ鷳
Ҫˣ
˾˼͵س㱻ķӦֱԼĲԣ̵ʲôԣ
Ⱥϻͷ
˾˼ӽͣҪ񣬾׼ˣʲô׵ʣװڴ̽һƷ飬ҪǮôְ̧ǱǰǮϴϴϴøɸɾװײܵ
ĻʱˣæҹȥĿڡ
ˡ˾˼ҡҡͷξ̽ģٸĿڣҲš
㲻˵ˣ˾˼̧ͷڴЩˣ㶣Ƭ̺̾˿ǰȥ˱ﻳº͵Ƕǻ̫ᡣ
ˡ
㴹¶Ӧҵġ
Ķأ
˾˼ſЦŵô˵¶θҲŶԡǹģǰ¶ģҸ֪ӣ֪᲻ᱻƭԼԼҪôϷû뵽ߣܺ㣬˵ǲҵ⣿
ǿЦҲðοˡ
㣬˾˼̾˿֣˶᷸ģοҲʲôԺҲ£Ҳ᷸ɵʱҲðңԲԣ
̧ۿ˾˼۾·Ź⡣עþú󣬲㣬ʮ꣬ôΪԼ
Щ˰ǻôʮ꣬˼ʮԼ̫Ҳѱ̫ԼӮ˾ǴǾ̫Ըˡ
⻰ҷ·˵̲סЦˣ˾˼룬Ҳ벻˰ֵǻӰ죬Ҳ
Ǵ̽˽ִô죿
һȰɣ˾˼룬ŵҲҲˡԼʲôʱӣ
ͽҹ
ҹӵɡ
˾˼ͷǲա
˾˼ţɫҲͬǿǼȻ֪ҲǻģҸɴͰ켸ˣҪǻţҾͰͳͳˣ˭ŲϹ
ˣҲǰ취Ļ˼ŵҲҪһζŹ֣Ȼ㲻ɸԪһȷû˵·ÿԼߣ֪ܿ¡ǻб˽ңһأ
˾˼Ļ侲Ƭ̺Ӧ˵ǡ
˵ţƽȴǿҲִʱ䣬ȥ
ϣ˵һҹϹȻûǮ
ڶϣ˾˼ץ̳ţȵ˳緹ʱ˱ˡ
ֻҪ̶ڣԪ˼̿ҲӦ˳
·ϣԶ֣һ·ϣһֱԪ
˾˼һԲԱЦˣһһ߳ԣûһ̱Աˣǰ˷뿪ŵôʲôӸԷˣ
¡˾˼æظ˵شԼȥɨĹ𣿡
㶣͵ԣԼɨĹ
˵ţʹչȥŹ˾˼Сȥ𣿡
ȥ
˾˼ŷƽҪȥƽҽǱߵ̰ȥѾϱȱúöţܳκ⡣
Ŷ
Щȱȱ룬̲סҪȡһµ骵ķˮȥˮɨĹǿ϶ὲȥ飬Ƕ֪ˮĺӣ㲻̵֪֮ǰ㲻⻹ȥ̵ĵ𣿡
Ͻ꣬˾˼һۣߣҷϻ˵ô࣬ȥ鷿Ҷддš
ҶϣϱЩȻһϽ˼ڷҴ뿪ˡ
˾˼Ƴ극ȥ˷һֲͬ첻ǳͬһȥ
㱾Ҫȥصģ˾˼ЦӦˡ
һţ˾˼ڽлһ󣬱һССһЩãȻǣ
˾˼ûж˵ϻ·ǳ˳ǡ
ʲôȥ
Щ֣˾˼ҲûȥˮĹȥ
㲻˵ȥ
˭֪û̵ˣ
ǲ
̫ðʧˡ˾˼ֱӵСĵúܣҲġ
֪˹˾˼Ĵ㣬Ź˾˼˳Ǻɹ˾˼ţӺɽˮĹء
Ǵ··ǰȹġ
ˮĹڰɽɽȦһʯש޳һƽ԰ӡ
԰ˮһ·أĹ޵ʮּ࣬԰ȴֲ˸໨ݣ޽ͤĹǰǰ࣬Ա޽һСʯ骹ʯϣʯϷžƣƺͬ˶һ㣬ϷƱ
ûдٷһɫͷ÷ţȥţһͨ
˾˼Ǳ˾˼ſ£ָԴ϶һСԣȻ˾ſڵϣĬĬ
һ̱ˣһɫۣͷڣǰȥ骼˶Ϳɼûʲô
㣬ùƽ͵ŹĸþƣȺöͷĴЦһ̳ϣĸϲ
˵ţþ̳˰̳ڵϡ
骿̳Цʹʱ֪Ҫˣ
ûʲôѣƽʣݣȻҪġ֪ˡ
֪Т˳ܸˡ
û˵ˮǰվһ骵ʣ°̳ƣǺ˰ɡ
Ӧһһʯϣ̸骵ƣʲôû˵ֻĬĬȾƣú骸пöûȹݵľˡ
øӦжʮ˰ɣ
ĦžƱˡ
ЦЦߵʱ̻ûɩš
̶˶ٺȾƵĶ骵Ӻ֣û˵ȫ˵仰Ӧǡ㻹ûɩ㡣ȴȥˡ㡱֡
˾˼ڰһۣ㳤úˮǱӺʹ˵Ҫǰ磬һ֣ҾϳˡҪ˵
ЦЦתͷġ
Щ̫æˡ̿ЦҲ֪Щ¶ࡣ
ǰ骸пȴʲôʱ¶ֻ࣬ЩΪЩôɣ
˵ţ̧ۿ̣ЦЦðɣҲûʲôͬ
û˵Ǻ̾Ⱦơ
ѣƺһ֣˵ѡΪѣִ˼ʹ౯
˺Ƭ̺̲ŵĸǸʲôˣ
⻰Цˣ㲻Ǵ𣿡
ȻǴġ
ɶҴС㣬еĶĴԡĵһŮһ档
ţУģʮһ֡ɽӸ١
вţò˫ʮݻƽڷ̤¥ģùָ룬¹ʤѩ·ǴӴò£޹ݡ
ʱݴʫʣŮӷּ
ҵţҵĽ
˶ΪһŮӣйҲ޿ܡȻϵǣȴʮ꣬ݲݳޣ޸һͨͨҵӵܣǸԶȥӴѶ
˱骡
˵ĸٲݣΪ游ϲŻ¡
ЦЦǵ棿
⻰ɵЦˣ˿ɬŻ£ȻǲϲġҲǸţ漰Ҹ游նĸ޿ҵòҲὲʮҲֻǸʿˮǱ֮ϲңӦġ
һ仰Ϊð̼û˵⣬ֱӵֻǳ˹øҲ޴ʡȻøһֱ˵ĸ֮游ͬǵĻµأ
û˵̣ûлرĿ⣬úǲΪ˽
ΪźСȣˣͬô˵ġ
⻰ûгһڲ裬ֱͦ˼
濴̣һһȥһȴףˮ񡢰̧ΡýȢӭȢӡûаֹңްʧ֮˿㲻ܡ
Ϊβأ
̼Ц骿ЦݣԹ𣿡
ø˵Цˣ̴ĸδı棬ֻТ֮ģԹ
ĻȴȫȻ
һڲ裬֣ȡġ
̶סźСȵ֣骵ʱ綼δףȡ֣˵ҵһӳͽ֡ȷ֡
Ŀʼ亹
骼ΪβݣҸ㡣
Ļ£ȻϲȷǲҵģҲȷԸ޸ҡ޸ʱֻһҪ󡪡
˵ţ̧ͷ̣д˼ֺ۵ӳӰӡ
ݡ


130 
ݡ
ǶĺޣԹ, Ļ, ܶ, ˶ġ
͹˾˼, ﶼɻ󣬶һУһھƣΪʲôݣ
̫ˣҲ̫޵ˣ̫̫ޣһ뿪
û˵, žƱ, þú, ſתͷȥ, ˮķĹ, , ȥˡȥ˵¶û, ø, תͷ骼ЦЦҶǰ
Ҳǰ
ҡҡͷ, վߵˮĹǰƽͣһԶǵĺá, ͬ˵ЩҲϣ㲻Ҫǡ
㲻֪ĸΪ㸶˶١ָˮ֣˼źĺܰ㡣
Ҳš
ڣ骶סվȭͷ䣺İңĹͲðҴֲŲʣΪһ֮˽ңַҲڡ
骱˿ڣӡ
شˣ̴⣬ˡҪͬ˵ĵҲ֪ˡҲøشˡ
˵棺ǰʮ겻һúܺá
̣ȣĹϵ֣һһӴ֮һˣҲúܺá
û˵֮ϣΪʷȴֳһı׾ָ̻侲񣬶뿪
һվĹǰվ˺þã̾˿˵ҲԸ˵
ˮЦվ˽ġ㣬ˡվϣǸˣԶҪٳˡ
úܺáڵϣ῿Ĺº͵²׷ȥˣҲˣòã
㿴ӣñ̫ˡԸ⣬Ҳͱˡ
˵ţͿĹϣûٶˡ
ƺ˯ȥˣ͹˾˼һſڵϣС磬Сǲ˯ȥˣ
˾˼룬Ա˸Сʯͷȥ
ûᣬ˾˼ʹ˸ɫſ˵ԶŸϽܿ
ԶˣԷϵҶӡ
ȵˣһ˾˼ϵһ˵˵ֵֹģǸʲô˼
ԡ˾˼̧Ӳæ㡣
˾˼˶ŵ骿Ǽٵˡ
ھͿˣ㶣ʣ
̲̣֪ˮģˮ꣬ôʲô
ôһ˵ˣüͷô֪Щģ
˵ǲ֪ķ
˾˼ϵߣȥء
ô
Щ֣˾˼ü̫أеʱ䡣
˾˼ҪȥأҲûѣ˹˾˼Ԥȥļطȥ
ϣ˼ŵã¶ô£
ţ骵˵СݣֻС÷ĽߣǺСһˣδ̣Ȼﳹ׾ѡǴ̽ϢҲ˵ڶʮһǰҴСһˣͶԷһ飬δУֶԷңˮ檣ӣɼɱ˲ɱһͯǽ׵˳һؤˮ޸骣Զ𣿡
˾˼û˵Ŵ˵ˮܰԼĺӣԵǸӣӦˮĸǿģˮҲΪˣѣһݡôǸ˵˭أ
üͷ˾˼һֱ˵ɵõ˼
ţ
˾˼عͷػЦЦˣɡ
˼㶢ȴǵǲ̵֪ĸ˭
¶˾˼ƽҸˣͬ˵
⻰֪ܻǣһЩ¡Ҳٷʡ
һҪصĵط˾˼󣬾Ϳʼۣһؿϸÿطһһ˾˼һֱ˵˽̸ּۻۡ
ʱϦ£ȵҹź͹˾˼һȥһȥ·ʱӰӽһ𣬹˾˼ֱȻӰӳϷ㿴ѽѽϷЦͣ
ŴֱȻСˣɤӵ̣СøҲ㡣Ҵ򣡡
ԪҲ򣡡
㣬ܣ
ԽȻԽͷۼҪˣеСѣСЩˡ
¡˾˼ʼ磬ǣ˭֪
˵꣬Ԫѽ˴ˣ
˾˼
̼䣬˾˼̰ͦأһׯģŸԪֵˣôſȥ
ͬ³ԪƺûŵĻ˾˼˿͸ԪƬ̺ŸԪˡ
ҹģ˾˼£ʲô£
Աס֣Цŵ֪˵˰ɣ
˾˼βŻˣһͬһ
֮󣬵˯º룬óֽţдš
ǽ˵һ飬дڻǼһ䣺
żˮ֮骣ʿ֪˾˿ʶã
˾˼ҹｫżĳȥʹ뿪̲ס̾˿
żĳȥڶգ˾˼Уȥӵ̿
㿴һֲĴ磬ɵЦʲô磿ҪԼ¹زɣ
˾˼˱ЦԪ˵ұȥǮôϣ˵Ӯˣ
˵ţ˾˼һɫ˵˾»дˮǱڰǰ̵̡
Ӧƽס
ȥæ̧ͷЦЦҲæء
˵Ҳǰο
˾˼ȥ޺ӵڶգöһأʼֿ⡣
Ǳߴʮ·ݳ죬ʮ֮ǰǵĲֿʹӾҪܸ͡ڴ֮ǰҲҪףֱݺȥֿⶼԽԽá
Ӱӵ㣬Ƹ֣Ȼֻ˲ֿͼֽͬʱϵ⼸ˣͬһʱһֿ
æýŲŵأ˾˼ȸȥƽƽ๤ûмԱʶ˾˼ƽ֮Ҳû֪ͨˣֱӵͬһװϰȥӵϸɻȥ
⣬ԼһΣգ֣ǰȫЩ
ˣŵòУϽͬ˾˼Ÿ磬ϸƤģЩֻеġ
⻰ѹ˾˼ŭˣ͸һˤ˹ȥ˵ϸƤ⣿
ǲǣϽ޺ӺʹܲһҪȥ๤ˣαԸأ
˾˼һۣϻҪôԼȥҪôȥ
ù˾˼һȥϹֻܴ͹˾˼һ˴ֲŹ˾˼Ϳڣһȥӵҹ
ӵһСǼ๤ģ˾˼˻ڼ๤ɣһһ£˾˼뻹죬Էӭһӣ͹˾˼ûһ֣±˿ֻǸڵϹĻᡣ
Ϲһ죬˾˼һٸɳٵġ
˾˼ɳǰеʱ򣬿öˣͷѾ˰׷ˣųصɳ˼Ҫѹ壬ȴǰ˹ȥ
ǽŲŢ֮Уӱɹ֮£Ŵ
ȵϣһȺӹͼһȡůԷ
ӹķǹٸӦһͷ˾˼˺ǼһͷЩӹȻ࣬ȴܸˣҹһµĹǮŵȻƺ꣬Ǿ޲Լķӡ·⡭
˾˼ߵ߸ͷر˵иŮ˾˼ͬǵСȢ𣿡
Ȣˡ
û
ʵ˻ش֮߾ͿʼͣԼŮŮһһ̲סүŮһһݣݰ
ԥƬ̣Щ˼Ҳ֪ˡʱؼֵģʱؼݵġλؼʮˣӦþˡ
˾˼һۣЩԥүûؼһΰ
Ц룺ûȥ˰ɣ
˵ţЩѹߵʱСӸճȥҪܻҵͺˡ´ЦŮ˰֪
ôȥأ˾˼üͷ߿ЦûǮ
ر߳ͷޱֵ˵ͱˮˣţ˴ӹ
Ҳóؼҿ˾˼Ȱ߿һۣЩֵؼҲҪǮģ
⻰ѹ˾˼סˡ
ȵҹ߶ڻѱŸľͷСޡС׼СӵġÿӹٸͷһͷһԵˣǮණ͵λƺ꣬ͻؼȥ
˾˼ߣŻ˯šŹ˾˼ۣչȥ磬ʲôأ
˾˼û̾˿磬ɩӲ
š˾˼͵ӦһۣЩ˼˵ЦңҶˡ
Ƣãң˵ţԱһʯͷʯĥù⻬ŻмƯ˻ŵͻȻãʱͺˣ˵ûôˡ
Ҳܰ˾˼ЦһۣŴүҲҲ밡ŻѣЩ㶣Ҫҵ껹ţûӦҲɡ
˾˼һʱסˣþúļͷû˵
˾˼󣬱뿪ƽ
֮ǰ˾˼ʮӣͬߵȥ飬ܿȥҹ˾˼
Ȼ֪˾˼˭Ҳ֪ǸͷˣԹ˾˼л
˾˼ǻ˭Ҳû˵װϰջȥ˺ü졣
ĺӹƽ̫ˣΪƽѹŵԵʣû˹ܣһӹǮһӣһӣҪֿ˿ۡ
Եķͷʵ϶һЩˮ࣬Լ붼
˾˼죬ڻ˼šؼҵʱ򣬼ȫˣŹָͼֽƲֿĽ죬˵˾˼ˣмֲ죬̧ͷһֵǹ˾˼ˡ
ϲˣȥ˲ʮ죬˾ͺһȦӰףɹҲ˿ҪۣʼҪԵþһЩȥˣüۼ䶼㲣⼸ǳ˿ࡣ
ģ۵òУ˾˼æû¶ģǺ˵㡣ϴ裬ˡ
˾˼˵֮󣬱˼ţ˸ˮϴ裬˾˼ϴ裬㻻Ϲٷ߳ȥȥ˸ãҹԪ˳ԪŹǷЩ˵ǰŹǷͬ˾˼˴ˣôˣЪϢ𣿡
ˣҹͬһ¹̵̵£˾˼˵ţ̿˺ͼͬԪˣ֮ǰķȷв׵֮֮ǰĿ䣬޵ʱΪѮ֮ǰһֵȷ
˾˼˵ţ̧ͷ򸵱ԪˣӳǷӪﲦǧͳ죬ȥ̵̡ǧˣ֤ڰ³֮ǰ깤ΪΣ


131 
ΣΡ
Ҫ󣬸ԪҪ󵱳ˡ
ǧǷȥ޺ӵ, , ǳҪȨȻط, һǳҲֻиǧ, Ͼֳսı߾ǳز̫һǧѾݱĵط
һȷˣǴ˼ԶҪˣ˼Զôķˣ
Ԫǿ¶һЦݣ˴ˣôͻȻ¶ˣ˵˲𣿡
ҿû˵ã˾˼ЦЦļǰ޺ûƺ, ˴Ҳ˵˰Ѵ, Ϊûй̵̵»ƺˮ, ʱҵɴñ¶, , 취ڰǰ̵̡
˴˵뷨Ǽõġ
Ԫһ, δЩ̫ˡֱʿ޺, Ǿӵ˲Ӧ
һ¡
Ǿ͵ȱµʥּɡԪ̵, ʥּ֮ǰôҶϵأ˴ˣҲ޻ƺӵ, ܲ޸ƺӣͱ֪ݹ¶ɣ
޻ƺӣ˾˼̧ۿ򸵱Ԫ, Ҳӽ޻ƺӡ
˴˲ҪŻ¹٣ԪһߣӽҲܲǲǣҪ
ã˾˼ͷҾͽҪǰɣ
˾˼ֱӵһ޵̰ӣһʮùʮ򣬲Ϸѽʮ򣬺ӹ˷һļʮˣһ˸ʮģʳޣÿ͹ͷһһһǹǵǮǺ˵ã㵽ңƽƽһһֻһӣǸ˶ʮģô
⻰˵ԪɫЩˣ̵˴ĸ۵Ϲ˵Ӱһӣеۣ
⻰ǰ
˾˼Цó˺ӵϼ๤Լǿ˵ԼǮܲɣ
Ԫ֣һһ󣬹˾˼ģҼʣչ涨ǰʳޣܷˣƽò˯ŶͷͷûУúӹȵ࣬ҪҪȥһ£ǮȥĶˣ˵ǮǮǮܵиɣӽǲɱ޹˾˼Ԫ֮ˣѽϴն鳼ġ
˴ˡԪŲ裬̧ͷ˾˼Щεǵһ𣿡
һ
˾˼ƽڣҲǱΡˣ˾˼̬ȣҸ£Ҳûƺ³ӣ𣿡
װ׶˵˻ˮһǧӣʼûסսˮ˾˼Ĺ·Ҳߵͷˡ
ԪĬţúڵ˴ΪξҪÿأǰͱ˵һʱ̫Ѱɢȥʱٲ޻ƺӣ𣿡
һ޻ƺӵǮһʰҷѣ
˾˼̲ס㵱ɵӣ
ô룬ԪЦݣ绻һ¶ɣ¶ܲˡ
Ʒ飬ӽ¶ܲˣ
˾˼ŭȳԪ֪طٵ¶۸ӣ̫
Ԫűӣû˵þúЦЦаɣ˴ҪޣǾޡѮ꣬ǾͰѮꡣҲȥǷӪľӣչ˴˵㷨ʮӦ㹻̵ˡ
˵ţվһ˴˷Ը
Ԫڶ죬˾˼Ե˵̰ȥż๤ˣһˣÿٷͷһһأ԰ס
˾˼мӣֻÿȥ̰϶ţͺӹһԷһ¶ÿˡ
ֹҪطҪ˼ţſš
ٰɳȥǿ£ǲҪдɱϡ
ôӲƹ̽ȣ޺ǰδеٶȡ
Ȼôعп಻׷׵˼Զȥ߿ࡣ
ֱͬ˼Զ常˾˼̫ˣ޻ƺӵģ˭ɣֱǲʶȤ¶
˼ԶŲ裬£Եˡ
常תͷȥѹǲǡ
̧֣ԼһĨӡĶ񴿵Ц˼ҿƷ顣
ŻŻЦһëӣҿж͡
ֱӶ֡
˼ԶҵȻͿˡ
룬˼Զ˼Цˡ
ǹ˾˼ͷ
ӵϣֻҪ뿪һͻ˳¡Ҫôйٱñӳ˺ӹҪôǷ˳⡣
Ź涨£ҲֻǶЩ˰𷣡Щ˶ƺȫ£˾˼ŷһˣֻҪڣеڶη
ûа취ֻܸźںӵϣûҪȵҹ˲Ż
Ѹȥһ涽ŲֿĽһŹ˾˼ߵ¶˾˼üȥʱ򣬶˾˼ںӵϡʹһֲһңŽţһ̣ںӵϺͼ๤һ˵
żʱȥ֣ϰٽɳϣһɡ
ÿȥɻҶܼ˸ɾ¶ӵϵ˶й˾˼˴ˡ顱һЩ˾ʹŵӣϡ˾Ÿ硱
˼Զʢ糯ڵգԶѤá
Ȼȴ֪ÿϻؼңʱֻǵһϴĹ򣬾ſڴ˯ˡÿϴ裬Ժŵġ˴һͻ˯ȥ
ҹüۣҲ֡
˾˼üĿԽӲͦʧ˼־£˼ֵһӲʣȴãôʮӢ
ſؿڣ;رȡ
һֻȸΪһƬأȻ˯
˾˼ܸİȫУУоΪ˵ĳȡ
ôſţ˾˼Ժѹַ̧ıϣ૵㣬Բ𡣡
ţ
ЩףΪʲôҪ˵ԲȻûʱ㣬㵣ˡ
û¡Ц룬ǵҲôһֱţܵʵһš
ܷŰ
˾˼̾Ϣиϲ˵ڣмӡһߣǱҲ֪Щʲô
Ҳ¶ƺӻһʱ䣬ô¶Ųס
Ȼ˵꣬˾˼ûлӦ̧ͷ˯ȥˡ
ЩΣ̾˿ȵڶ죬˾˼˹ء꣬˾˼һ꣬һ߹ͬ˾˼˴ˡ
˾˼عͷҲ˲䣬͵ش˹
˾˼Ӧÿ죬һץס֣ͬʱס꣬һߵ˵ϣҲƬ̣ʮɱִȺӿ˳Ⱥң˾˼̳ˣȻܱȴ֪ȥֻʣ¼ӰȻܱ߶ˣӰ͹˾˼Ⱥ˾˼ͨգѿ˾˼Ⱥ֮Уֻڹ˾˼ߡ
ʱϣ˴꣬ȥӹ˾˼ڴ·ϣԶԶӵϵȺϷ¿˾˼Ⱥʮ˾㾪̳ȥˣ
ʮȥ㲻ҳûʲôգ֣ⲻΪӱҪЮ˾˼ҧأǻҵȺ
һ˲Ӱ˾˼Щ˺ܶ࣬ȥЩϰգӰҲҰôˣ˾˼ͱʮּѡĳؾЩ
˾˼ոǿԷû뵽˾˼ֵģôһʱ䣬ˣ˾˼ȥץЩ̿͡
Щ̿㲻רҵĴӴܣ˾˼˽һȦץסѾˣʱſ̵ҲԱߡ
֪ǿ˶ãܱ룬۾Щ죬ߵߣˡ
Ӵڿźӵϵ£Ļתͷվǰ㡣
С꣬磬ɫƽǰȻ򶨣۾ȴЩ죬̾ĬƬ̣ŵϰ塣
ɷ輸һã
侲ڡ̵˵ͷɡ
˵˾䣺лתȥк̵˸ȥ̼ȥϰ塣
عͷԥƬ̣ڵ˱Ҳ˽Ϊġ
⻰Ƭ̺ȴЦ
л
һζл˵øֿ
˵̵֮һ·˺ӵ̣˾˼Ѿ̿ס֮ǰڵʿҲˣǰѺӵΧ뿪
Ⱥ˾˼תͷ㣬Щ㣬ôˣ࡭

㿪ʼѸٵˣһ˼ʮˣһƬãȻУֱӵȫץ
һ£̶ȥץˡ
˶һȺգЩ̰æԩԩǵ¡
ǵ£Цǵ£Ƿǵȥȹ˴ʲô
ԩЩ˴ŵûаֻû˭
͵ȥʡ
˭ġ
㡭
죡
˾˼ſڣȳ㻤ŵһȺʲôˣΪǮʲôſ飬տʼҲӵ̰벽кӼĹٸһ켣ʲô£
˾˼û˵Ա˾ͿʼߣŤͷȥǰ
˾˼վԭأҶعͷŹ˾˼վԭأȥߣ
˾˼̧ۿ֣ϽǰȥߵǰЩ˼࡭
û˵꣬ס
ϻѪָɾЩ˼ȴסһ㡣
˾˼Щ˼ͷСŪˡ
㲻˵˾˼ͬһ£ϴ·Ьմ࣬˾˼Ӹ
Ѿһ죬Ҳһ㡣㿴Ź˾˼ڵϣЬ֪Ϊʲôžžˡ
ε˾˼ϣ˾˼ᣬ㶣ôѽЬ͸жˣ
˾˼Щգ϶Ǯˣġ濴Ǿǹġ
Ŷ˾˼ͷԱ߼Ƭ֪ˡ
㱾ӵ̵ġ
˾˼û˵ǳԲҲáҲáǮòҲãǶٸ£ֻҪǲ£ѺӵˣǾ޹ء㰾Լյأͼʲô
˾˼ͷЩ˵ˣŪɾˡ
˵ţӣͷ¶Цݣ˵Ҳ˻ǺܺõġⶼС£Ҳϡ
ЦúܲãѹѹһƬ糿ء
㣺ҸиԵѴңҲǵɡҵٵģðչúãҶĹִȥҲҵְ¶ÿѹˣЬŪˣȥ˫µİɣˣţ
û˵ᣬǰͷꡣ
˵ЦݣΪˣһ̣ۼˡ
ҲѹڣΪί˾˼֪֪
Ⱳӣί̵ùԵˣԸ£籩꣬侲Ψˣǿһίֲۡ
Ϊ˷ļϣǾġ
˾˼㶿㣬ű
˾˼ҭųܲܶԼһ㣿
˾˼˵ŵûûΣί
ٰұϣ١
ûа㲻ûаίᣬôõ㡣
˾˼ޣ̾˿Щλرס㡣
ﰡ˾˼̾ôûأ
ңѾĲˡⱲӣҲĹƽ


132 
⻰ɵˡ
˾˼, º͵ɵ, 㿴, ôһ, Ը϶ˡȥϴɾˡ
˵ţǰ˾˼عͷȥǡ
˾˼عͷ, ̳ǵ˵ͷ, ûٶ˵ʲô
˾˼̧, ȴǹл
˵֮, Žûλ, һ, ˫ַλ, °, ͷ㣬ҷĺܰѽ
۾ŭһ, ϡ
ѵˡ
˾˼ЦЩɵ϶һģô, ÿˡʲôݵʯȹ£
֪ڶ̾˿̧ݣˡ
֪ġ˾˼̧ס֣һᴦãġ
ûж˵һȥ˾˼ȥϴ衣
֮ǰϲã񳹵׷˾˼ʱоһ˵ƣӿоЩۡ
ˣԡͰϴѪˮҴϴϴ߳һѪ͸˳һ֣
æȥ˴ȻԼһ߸ҩ
ô˵
㲻ȥϴ裿˿ڸȾǲǣ
϶࣬˾˼͵˼㣬һЩСˣϴϴ
̧۵Ҫ˵ʲô˽úܼŸ磬ˡ
û˵꣬ͿһߣԥƬ̣ɴֱӵ˵
˹˾˼һۣȷûڵŸ磬ûˡ
ʲôûˣ˾˼üͷϽͣѺȥ·ϣмˣһܾˣȻһɱ֣ǿɱֽˡ
һʣ
˾˼Щ죬ҡҡͷʣһֱɱ
˾˼û˵Щ̵գֲǴôܣ˹ݣǼأ
Ѿˡ̵˵ְأˡ

Щ𾪣˾˼Ӧһûȷ֤֤ǷߵģҲֻˡ
ǲȥ𣿣
վЩ˼Ԫϸ죿
˵ˡ
˾˼Ц¶ǵˣʲôò飿
û˵ȭͷ˾˼֣ͬȥţ׼һֻ˾ݣʱ׼ţҡ
˵꣬ʹ˵ĽŲ˾˼ЩɻһѯˣҲǲ⣬ûжã˼Զ˴ˣ
˾˼üͷ㿴˼Զ˽Щп˴ˣ˵ˣðɣ
û¡
˾˼ЦЦϢǺܿ졣
˼Զ̾˿Ҳڹ·ϣû뵽˻û̵Ϣˡ
˾˼⻰̲סüͷ֪º£
˴˰˼Զ̾˿ˣ
˾˼⻰͵̧ͷ˼ԶЦãڳ֮սȺۣˣ¶Թ˴ûʲôãǻǾù˴̫У˵
һ䣬ʱϴŭ⣬Ҫڣ㿴˾˼һɨ˹סӣ˾˼عͷȥ¶Ц˼֪Ǻκ£
˴˲֪𣿡˼Զ죬ҲǣҲǽղŽӵϢشʷι˴粻죬˾ۻᡢѹعԱŹԱѹգ˵˵骣˼ԶֱУе
˾˼骵֣Ҳмֲ졣
ԭΪһȥ͢ԱӦ˼Զ߸Ԫû뵽Ȼǿȥ骣
Ҳ˼Զһģ
ʵ骲̰٣
˾˼һʱЩңȻЩ⣬骲ûƾʵݵ飬Ϊʲôʵۻľѡ
벻ףоͷЩʹˡ˼ԶӣΪĵ˴ˣ
˾˼ҡҡͷֵ̧޷л˸֪λʲôְλǻض
ǰ˼ԶЦЦضְʵҲ㲻Ǵ԰ɣ
˾˼ЦЦȷ
˼Զ˿˾˼˾˼ɫվˣ˴˽ղʣҲˣ˴˺úϢ
˾˼˸ľ˼Զ뿪
˼Զ͵ſڣͷһ۹˾˼骣
˵꣬˹˶ֹ˼䡣
˼Զһߣ̵ҳȥɢɢġ
վס
˾˼ŭȳȥʲô
ɢģ
˵ͳ˳ȥ˾˼Ҫ˵ʲô㼱ٿһ·˳ȥȹ˾˼ˣڴͷ˻ڵȥ˰׷϶ȥˡ
ϽԸ˳ȥعڹ˾˼ߣסֵǲǷˣôЩ̣
ܰɡ
˾˼ڴϣ۾ͬģ˿űܡ˯һµּ⵽ˣ˾ҲûˡȾ˾˵ŵˣ㡣
Ӧһ˾˼֣С㣬ˡ
˯ɡº͵ء
˾˼û˵ڴϣ۾㿴ƽŷſַ֣ڱָ˱ӡľϹͬӡ֪ͨǱߵˣѵаȫɵ
ӡӦһǡͬľϵҹӦûеڶɱ׼ţ˿ӡ
ľ㶣Ӧǣˡ
Ը飬һѵڹ˾˼ߣȻùĿСһչ˹˾˼һˡ
Ź˾˼ʱ˦ˣȥ骡
骸ոմӸûĽԶԶҰ˶ĵط骣ûɵ̶ֳȣһÿؾСſܶϣ͵Ȼ骽ӸոսӣȴͻȻ˵˾䣺š
ηͣЩɻôͣȻƬ̺󣬾骵ǲû
̫ʲôȻ֮ȴͻȻߡ
Щη̾ת·ˣ˼룬ԼصӦǼãȻҲһ˲䣬ŽӾͷ˹ȥηһˣ
ͣͳ˼ˣֱֱ骵Ľ˹ȥ
骵ĽηǷ֮ɱ˹ȥʱη򵱼ӽ³Ȼ̫죬ӱֱ߷ӷ˵ǰһ˲ηһץ˳Աһƣ˿ߣ
骳ŷȥɱŵ˹ۼžҪϣȥˣһһ˹ȥֵӸǻܣ
ɱֶһۣʶģڡʱǵͷܣ̾׷ȴһץסӣС׷ˡ
骵Լ⣬һѾ骲ϵ죬ǽһѹѽѽϲģһ˻ѧ˼ҸʲôζҪЩ̰ӣ˵ŹԱѹգŲĴ㣿
û˵꣬ɫЩף߭㡭ߡ
ߣЦˣӽģߣƫƫ
û˵꣬ſһѪ˳һˣͷһᣬͻ˹ȥ
骣ûӦԱ߾гشˣ
˷ſشˣ
شʲô
Ǹŵûæ͵û
ȥ١
һηסϳˣǹǸŹ͢Ʒ٣ţȥҴˣ
ȵȣ¶ûϵ
ϽȾˣϽģȾ˵Ƕò˰ɣҽòã
˵ţ˫۾ע£骿Ͻҽȥˡ
һһ룬Լʲô˲ξˣ˻һѪڻñȥҽ
ֱµһˡ
骱͵ҽȥ·ϣԶǧ֮ĶҶҲոյ˴š
뿪Ϳʼдţѿһ߶߶˵ŵĶһЩ¡ҶϺٻţǿˡ
ʹŽ֮ǰͬҶڸжģҶһԡ
˫Ź˾˼飬ǰЩʱһ۴һʯǧˣжԹ˾˼ôǨͲ˳Ź˾˼ڣ侮ʯĲࡣ
˶˵Ž͵ǿ˾˼ָ̫ʹٱطԱͨ
뱣˾˼ǲ̫࣬Ҫӣǽ飬˾˼޻ƺӣ޻˵ס˹˾˼ȴǱסҲƽһƷСٵȥ˳ų˼Ūѵ
ǵ˼벻ףȴġ
Ҷĵǹ˴˵һѵѹ˴˵ĵˣҪ֣ûС
˵ţҶЩ⣺ô
ˣɵЦЦҶֻ浱ֻͨ죿Ҫô죿
а취С
Ҷֱӿڣӡһ°ͣӣƬ̣ȴǵõģ˼Ǹӡ
ҶĿһۣҪ˵ʲô洫Ų̧ͷȥʹҴææҶϵլԺ߹ȥüʹ
Ҷ̧ͷһʹ
ŶӵͷȻӦֶϱˡ
ֶŮƺܹע
Ҷĵͷ̡Ҷźۼһ۽ӣ㶣ЦҶĸﲻע
Ҷû˵ӣƬ̺һڲ裬ͬҶɽ⡣
ҶҶлҪԽ˵뿪ȥҶߺҶĿŽӣҲ˵ˣֶŮҲʮˡݵ¶ӦҲ֪Щչ黹ϣҸȥҶҵĹҲԸΪȥһ˼ҡ覴ãƷòڣҲˡ
˵˵ʲôأӵҶһۣʲôˣô˵𣿡
Ҷı죬ŵҲͱϼ꣬Ӷʮж⣬ܲһֱôһˡ
û˵̣豭һڣʵɣҾҶСãΨһ㲻ã˵ţ̧ۿҶģЦе˼ֱҶҡ
Ҷüͷ̾˿Ҷ֣˵⻰ЩðȻͬἰ£ұ㲻ò˵
ҶϻᣬӿҶģ棬ȥ²ĴҲ˵ԸԸҲãһŮ׷һݸ飬ΪλǴȻǴû£ΪҪͷ
û˭ͷҶĽüͷſڷֻǻûڣӾ̧һͣƣֱӵ㲻ض˵ǲڳͷСûһƷòԼѡʮŵڵĺùΪʲôҪôһʮ˵ף
㡭
֪ҳúãǮִַȤڳйְǼ൱һֶӸƽƣõúܣûһ˾Ĵҹ㣬ͬһʮ껹ԡһ輧һŮ˵˵ס㶼С¶Ҷ˵Բԣ
Ҷû˵Ĭϣ룬ЦЦ˵˵ǣ¶ǲŸߵøãù󣬷ͬ˵õĹޣֱǻơû¶ǻȻǾûΪʲôҪô
ҶĴǰĲ̾˿Ҷ֣ҼҺӣұ¶ûûһڵʱҾ£Ϊг˾ȳֳˣǵֵüνĹֵϲ޵ˣøòǡ
⡭ҶĿɬˣ̫ˡ
أ
ҡӣȻҪһõжȻٵġõģʲôѵҶһһ
Ҷû˵룬Ҳ˵̫һˣЩǺѣҽ֣ˡ
˵ŻʹҶ常ҩʱˡ
Ҷ̧ͷ˵ͷͬӵʧˣնľ͵ɣиǣ㡣
ˣ·
ӰֵҺⱭ裬Լߡ
ҶӦҶ뿪ҶԶˣӲŵɡ
Աûжӳһ򿴹ȥЦһСҶҲ̫Ʋˡ
⻰ҶϲŴһתǴ˳
ӴݴԱȡ˱ӣϣֵ̧ɡ
Ҷû˵ؾ˽ǰ˲衣
Ҷɫƽ°ͣ常û꣬ɡ
ҶӦһ̧ӡ
һֱû˵ֻžž䡣
ɢ£ȴһº󣬲ɲѷɵľ֡ȽӣҶϵȻȣȴܱ࣬ɱôֲ
Ҷϼӽ٣ڵʱĸ˵ҪģǺʡ
û˵Ҷʵˣû鰮ҲһޡҶ˼ϣǻõĽˡ
ӶסӣƬ̺룬̧ͷҶϣһСʲô˲ˡ뷨סһ仰
ӿɫ棺 ι̵Լһ¡֮⣬ʲôԣһ


133 
⻰Ҷ˵ˡ
ӵͷȥ֮, ֳһƬ, ӿʼ, ޷֤Щ, ŰԼĻθмֵŰԼһмֵˣȻ޸Լϲˡ
˵ţЦЦݴ˼ֿ͸µԼҪĶȥһЩ׵õĶ㻹Сء
Ҷû˵Ƭ, ľ, ԼС
ǰһλ, ָ, ںڰǰС
ҶϳĬ, þú, , Ҳ֪Լ᲻ϲÿϲ𣿡
һɡ, Լϲһˣľûˡ
ˣҶԥŵ, Ҳϲ𣿡
⻰ѽˣЩʲôҶͷһδӽ, ƺҲѿزסĶȻֻһţЦϲɡ
Ϊβһأ
ҶЩɻ󣬽ӿЦеϲҪһ𣿡
Ҷϣ̾˿վһӣһϲһˣǺܲ׵ġ㻹ᣬϲģҪ˻ᣬҲǸԼᡣ
Ҷû˵Žͷϵǡ
ûлˡ
⻰Ҷ̲סĿɵõΪʲô
û˵գþúųΪˡ˵ţ˼ֻǶûҪǼ֪ϲˣϲˣ̫ˡ
Ҷ㶣Ǿʧ̬ЦһſСȣ˰֣ˣҶֶŮ뿪㣬ˣ͡
ҶϾ뿪֮Ҷʯǰ˺ܾãܾúܾãŴͳһֽ
һʯͷֽֽŤŤ֡
žŸ統ӹںӵ˯̫ˣʯͷƯ͸㡣㲻ҪʯͷƣÿʯǮôÿʯͷÿҪϲʯҲУǮ򡭡
ҶϾĻµ׵ķּ
һڽ˱Ĺžڱͷеá˹ִʯͷ桰顱
̾˿ֽۺã
̫ɵˡ
Ҷ롣
˾˼ڶյ˽ӵţոˣ˽ӵ
Ӽ˵һ³͢״ؼϢ
Ա㣻
骣ʶˡ
˾˼仰ùţЩֵʲô˼
˾˼룬˾˵˼ǣȥԼ֮ǰʶ骲ңʶˡ
˾Ϊʲôᵽ骣
Щ֣˾˼ͷ˼ŵϴдŵʱͬشˣϲʶ
˵ͷûж˵˾˼ڴϣһ̲ס˵ΪʲôҪң
͸ԪЩۣͬ
ſڣ˾˼üͷôȥθԪ
⻰סˣ룬ֵԣ͸ԪЩһģ
ܽΪʲôôҲ˼Զ͢ȴϢûС
ԺͬʱֱֳͦıӰ㣬̲סʱǹµŮӣǡش˿ȥ
ס
˾˼˵ţ⡣
ææϹ˾˼ɫţüǲǷˣ
˵ǰ򵽹˾˼ͷشѪˡ
Ѫˣ
˾˼𾪳Ͻǲǣæ˵·
⻰˾˼һۣûע⵽˵ŵû뵽ûɣպ׷ɱҾͳ־Ȼʱʱ򼤶˵㣬Ǹ;ɼˡ
˵ţЩͣѪˡ
㡭ô
̽ѯʣ˼ЦЦȻŵͣץӣҡҵǽϣѹؿڡ
⻰˾˼Ǽ
أüͷ˼ء
ţǣ
˾˼ĿڣϽţԻţһҹ˵ûˣֻҪúüˡ
˾˼ĬƬ̣С磬˵˾Ҫȥң˵Ź󳼷Ҳ·ҾţڱΣǲǻ鷳
㲻±Σ˾˼תͷͷ磬һһ⣬Ϊ밡
˾˼룬ͻȻʲôͻȻ죬ҰдŻȥǹȥ

Щɣ˾˼ŵھдھش˵·ϲСĵش˾ɼͻΪ̷ֲشˣǹ
Ҷˡ⻰̵һҾͿԼ¶ǰ˵ˣξͲȥɣӶΪѹٴˣ˵ʲô
ԡ˾˼ͷ⼸ʵʵ
ʲô
Ϊʲôҡ
˾˼ڣ⻰̵ͷģ¶ҡ
ؿڣȥ骡
骸ոѹ˽ֵشˡ
̧ۿüͷﻹ˼־裬Ŵ󵶣شˣǸġ
⻰ЩްǾɼ˾ңҵ˵лǡ
³çˡЩн͵͵һ骣ǸشɣҪչ
»ˡɫƽˡ
ܻҪ˱ɣ
ŵպܸǿЩηǿˡ
̧ۿһۣЩ⣺Ҫʲô
ѽڵ涼ҰˣҸĻ¡
ƺҪˡ
û¶ֵҴǹˡ
㶣Ƭ̺ƺʲôָһǧ֮ĮȻˣԱ㡣
Ҵӽ쿪ʼ㡣̵شԱ
û˵ܾҲûܡȵڶؼңؼҾͲˡ
ѲǽԺ˵شˣˡ
骣
ż骵񣬱ÿ骡Ϊһ͹˾˼ĹԱһǸ̰٣ӦкܶḻǸ骺ü죬֣骵ǳ򵥣ÿȥð칫Ȼ
ڰƺСС£ϲȷҲǣ඼ᴦ
ʷ²࣬ٽ׸ߣÿգһգʱ򣬲Ż뿪ãҲ£ǵڴȥڴĺϿΣԵġ
˲࣬඼ףȥһŴ޷ӣΣɵЩ֣أ
ûˡ
ƽЩ֣ôûˣ
ԭûдӵġ
ôŶӣͬͣһЩˣˣףȥұȫߡЩأܸɻĻֵأҲӼá
һ壬Ӽã
骵ͷɵûͷһۣôǮ𣿡
⻰üͷٺʮӣÿʮʯʳÿʮƥ޲һƥһʮˡԼǮ´ࡣ
㡭ͦǮĹ
Ź骿˰죬ʲôû˵
ÿ骵ʱ򣬻ƺӹ̵Ҳβ
ߡձ꣬ˮ⣬Լ
Ǽչ˾˼˯ãƺÿδ꣬Ҫ֣һι˾˼Ȼʱ˼ӹ̣ȴҲȷΪһεĺˮñȹҪ۵ö࣬ҹ˯ȡ
ÿϣ˾˼㶼˯̫˾˼ڵż֣Ϲȥ
ƺӿ̵ܾĿӣ˾˼Ѿǰ룬ȴ֮󣬸ϱһƺȻҲһЩ̣ΪǰɢûԱǽһλƺûԱӣ˾˼õ˽˶̱ȥԱס˾˼˿Ͻϱ¡
˾˼æȥд۵ʱ򣬸Ԫ鷿ǰӣһ仰û˵
߽ŸԪЦŵƺû¶ɸлүˡ
⻰ԪЦˣװԲԲϣһ˿ƣǸлүøлģǹ˴˲Ŷԡ
ү
ԪһЦҡҡͷ뿪ȥ
ƺӹ̵ЧݵնЩ̫һһ׶ϣ˾˼Ҫʼڶ¡ĵ
ƺʱѡǮĹ̡չ˾˼Ĺ滮ӽѮ££Ҫʮ˲룬˺ڣһʮˣνеĺƴ󹤳̡
һ̣вϿһֻ
Թ˾˼Ҫѹס棬Ҫʱʱ̰̿ŷģ¡
˾˼˼ţҪ£֮ǰǸˣ͸һδɱ
˾˼ĥƬ̣˷ǧǧפ˾ݺݽ紦
ʱӶҲ˾˼ˣ˵ף˵ĵڶգˣڶ׶εļƻ壬ͬ˼Զˣڴ֮ǰһ
˼ԶЩɻ󣺡ʲô
ǰЩʱգ˴ɱ٣˾˼ɨˣ֮ǰæû׷̰ӶѾȹ̣ôҲʱһˡ
˼ԶЩɫ̫ÿ˴ˣһֱڲ顣
ٻйԱٹ໤Լֽӹܴ˰
˾˼ֱӿڣ˼Զüͷڰٸ²
ôʲô鲻ѵһҪҿǺð
˾˼ڶʷ̨ڻ£ſ˼ԶǶ֣һ仰ȥ㳰˼ԶҪվ
꣬Ѿûô˵ŴЦúúã˴˴Ҫ飬Ǿù˴ȥ飬ſ˲飡
л˾˼ڡ
˽Ὺ꣬˼Զ߳ͬԱ˵ȥǼ۴ˡ
ͬʱ˾˼ҲͬʱԸȥʱѺɱֺͰյ۸
ͬʱǼڵĵطϹȥһ߳骿󣬵˲ȥץˣűʲô
ˡ˰֣ǹˣˡ
û˵骣ֹŵ˵شˣ㵱һʷһܶɣͲұ㣬Ӧþø˲ǡôңǹҧʶġ
۲ڱϣ˸ݣ˱ڿ
骼ˣ۾ڿ飬ɵõʲô飿
Ŷתͷȥصڿ󴫡
㿴󴫡Щ죬Щ˼Ҷҳͣûʲô飬ŵһ£ʹӡ󴫡𡣡
⻰ǲ˼ģ骿Ƭ̣ȴϲĹ˰ɣ
㶣ϵıװ骼ﻹѧʣԸ䲻
شˣˣİ
ЦЦȴǵ
˵ţ˼ֻǰҲ
ǳɹʿϽһ㾭顣ϲǸɣЩ˼ͣҺãҲҺãƢȻ˵㣬չңһ飬ˣʲôá
˵ţȻом־ʲôã˼ҿɶ
骿գƬ̺ȴǵΪʲôŹ˾˼
ʵЩֵ֣ܣȻ͸ˡ
û˵һȴǵ˲
ǣЩˣദ˶ô˵
룬ֵǰҲǣǰϲҵ˿ɶ࣬ˣƢ꣬Щס˾ŸԺҲ֪ôģŹȥоԸɣһ鱻ĥʯͷԽԽ⻬Ҳ˵á
תͷ骣ЦЦǲǰĶĶáƢöˣͦĵġ
˵Լ֪Щʲô棬þúڵʱ㣬һѲߡ
㶣һʼûӦʲô˼ͷӦˡ
˾˼ɳȥˣƶȣնϰߣʱ˿ʱ䣬Ƕֱӱȥˡ
ȥɡ
骴ߴһӦ˵˾䡰лϽȥ˴ϡ
ʹȥЩǰ˶֡
Ȼڽϻεã˾˼ɳȥѾ˻
˿Ͻǰ˵ǲȥҲ֪ʱ۶Ѳߣãôץģ
á˵Ҫȥõģ·ۣǾʱôۣԱ·ˣ֪ԭѲߵʱ䡣Ǿȥãõִڵʱ䷶ΧϹץˡǶ죬һû١
һû١ҲЦ
תͷץѹ֣¶ֹЦݵܺãһû٣䵽Ȱǻп㣬Ȼ
ˣЦһûж˵
Щ۱˹˾˼ĸۡ͹˾˼ҹһϣ֮󣬱ȥץˡ
֪Щѹֱץڼݺ˶
쵰쵰쵰
һ߷ӣŭôץģ
Ťͷȥ˵ӣŭȵȥôǻ
үȫǰ
ӵǣǻȥõִڱĶִڱ˿찡
ѡִڱ
߶ţƬ̺ſͷãõĺݣˣҧˡ
˵꣬תȥȥȥ常ң죡


134 
һ·ϵ˼Զң˼ԶͥԺﶺ񴿽常, ңȾֶ
˵, 񴿾͹˼Զǰ, ŵ常
ʲô
˼Զ̧Ƥط, ˭Ҫɣ
常ż˾˼ץסЩˡ
˼Զ˶٣̧ͷץסˣôץģҲȥ𣿣
ˣɹ˾˼˸죬ǰץˡ
ôܣ˼ԶΪ, ˵۵Ѳʱ, ǴӶ, ôҵ˿죿
Ǵõִڱ
ûֱ˵, ˼Զ, Ƭ̺, Щԥ¶, ٲ鿴˭ͨ籨š
û˵, ˼Զ룺Ǳȥģ
ǡҡҡͷҸӣҸϵġ
㻹
˼Զ̵ȥ
ɾˡ̵, ӵˣʹˡ
˼Զ˿Ȼ, ʲô
ӡԥãڲŵҸ˷ӡ
ʲô
˼Զ㶣ҧڵʱǸ۵ͷԾţͬҪһµĲҵҸͬǩԼԼҵ֣۶Ծŵˣڹ˾˼£ԾŻͬһָңǷת÷ķӲİ常
˼Զû˵úŵԾţǱ
˼ˡ񴿵ͷ常ΣðԾ̳УҪ̲ҲŪ
˼Զ۾˼ţúſ۵԰ɣУ˼Զ񴿣ǾͿ컯ˡ

͹˾˼Щһҹ
˶ˣֻԾһû˵
ǹˣ񴿸һˣ˾˼һ񴿸ϵˣĬƬ̣ȴͬǷֳ·һ·ȥץϵˣһ·ţֱȥԾŵļˣҵˣһ˱٣ҴûҵȥҲҪ
˻Ӧ˳ȥ
˾˼תͷͬľϵȥʱ׼ţ춯ȥ˾ݵ
˵̧꣬ۿԱŵ㣺㣬ߴӶˣ
ٺ֡
˾˼ͷȴǵˡ
ۡΧԾߡ
ӦȥԸӶˡ
ȥץˣ˾˼ϢƬֻ̣ηԾǰ
Ծź͹˾˼ˣûпЩڣԾһֱû˵ͷ˾˼ƽ侲
ԾŲ˾˼Ա߶˱裬ŪŲϵĲҶСආҲˣ˶ˣӲͦʲô˵ʲô˼
ԾŻǲһϣ˶ˣͷĿ˵
˾˼ǲڵ񴿣
۲Ծŵɫ˵ʲôԾŶһ̬ȣ˾˼֪Ǹֵֻ꣬ǵ񴿵İѱƶ㡣Ͼıɱղ£еˣҪġ
һΣԾ̧ͷ˾˼Ա߳˲ӹָҳӴ㻹ãһһŮֻһӣܶɣ
˵ţ˾˼Ц̧ۿԾţԾȢġ
ģ˾˼²ӣһֳֻ°ͣ岻ڣһҲʹӴŮ潼ū
ԾŶŹ˾˼һ˫ȫǺ⣬Ҫѹ˾˼̻ˣ˾˼һЦôʱûô̿ɱңΪˣ
Ϊˣ˾˼Ծţ͵ͲҼ𣿣
ˣҼô죿
Ծ˷֣˾˼֪ԹޣǸСආ¶㲻˼ԶҪ鷳ˣ鷳Ҹ㱣֤Ծţ㲻ָ񴿣նˡԸָ֤һ·
һ·
Ծ⻰̲סЦ˴ˣ⻰˵Ҳš
˾˼û˵
֪˼ԶӰ̫ˡһ仰ȡԾţûٶ˵ֻǵһȣˡ
һȾ͵ȵϡ
Ǳң񴿸˲ӰȫǶңԾŵļûӰӣʮӰͻϮ񴿵ĸֱۡӽ˳
˼ææ˾˼ڷп飬Ծ棬۾Ź˾˼
һԾԼпͻȻЩʲô
˾˼̧Ƥ˹ҳ޷һ֪ˡ
Ȼ䣬ľϱ㿪ţֱӵӣûץ˲ˡ
˾˼ͷ⡣
ԾųЦ˴Ҫס˭ƺҲס
˾˼˵Ųһڣ·ʲôûҲʱ洫˿ʹȥϽȥ
һԾŵӾͽˣͿӱһӣ߸һӣ˽
Ծһӽ͵ؾվŭǷߣ
һŮ˻ĺ۴Ծסתͷ˾˼򶨵úðǣлǺ̸
˾˼⻰ЦЦе飬ͬǲһûԷȴȥԵ㶫
Ů⻰ǿԾţԾſȴȥԷչ˺λСãû¶
ŮԥƬ̣ڻǵףġ
˵꣬Ůӱź뿪
ߺ󣬹˾˼˻֣˶ȥԾǰץֽűʣˣ˵ɡ
Ծû˵ƺƬ̺ԾһҪſڣ˾˼Ⱥ˵ãҰϱô´ɲΪвġ
Ծű⻰˵㶣˾˼ŵЩ٣ҺǿɲһҰŪΪ˸֤㲻˵ûͱס𣿡
˵ţ˾˼̧ͷԾüɫΪҾƣҲס㣬һסȫҡ
Ծ⻰Ź˾˼˾˼Ա˲裬ʼֽ֣һдһٿóҲ㻵ֻ¶ˣҲûа취˲ܵҽгܵڡҽˣҲͲˡ
ļһ͵ڶؽ磬ûôͷ졣֪ʲô԰˵ˣܽδڶС٣Ҳδ֪أ
ԾŹ˾˼Ļƺ˼ʲôһֱ˼ʲô˾˼ţúԾŵǵҪܻƺӵ£
ȹ˾˼˵Ծž̧ۿȫǾ棺ȻҪܣ͵ùܵסƴֺ˵һԲס


135 
˾˼̧ۣԾŵĿ, ԾԵʮֽ, ƺһĶע
˾˼Ƭ̺, Ц㵱ʲôˣ
ҼȻ, ˾˼ƽȵһֱȥͬ͸ɣ˾˼ƽһΪֻ޻ƺ𣿡
Ծŵ⻰, Ƭ̺, ͵ؿ, ȫ·йһ㡣
̧ס۾, ƽ޶ͳ, ͳȥ, ҾͿڡ
á
˾˼Ӧ
˾˼վ, ȥľ, Ը˺̽Ծŵ޶ͳݡ
ȵڶգ˾˼ȥ˸ã, Ԫһ׮˾˼ȸԪ갸ӣҵ˸Ԫ
Ҫ, ƺӵҲͣˮ֮һҪһҪʼ׼޵һǮ˾˼޲뻨˸Ԫ°ȥ
Ҫһֵֻмӣǧˣʮֺðá˾˼Ľǣԭ⼸ڵĵطǺƺӸĵֵλãͳλᣬֱӽǧ˻һطá
ɻһط͵ûһظǣԪţҡҡͷ˾ٲףǻȥɡ
˾˼üͷ̧ۿ򸵱Ԫ֪պҪʱˮðջȥ˾˼⸵Ԫ˼Ƭ̣ûеؿɷ𣿡
Ԫͷǡ
˾˼Цһû˵
Ͼֱӻ˸ĺӵϡ
¹̸ӣҪ˺˾˼ϸÿ裬ÿǮˡ˭һһ˵˵̧֮ۿ򸵱ԪΪΣ
Ԫû˵Ź˾˼֮ЦЦȴǵ¹Ϊá
ԪЦù˾˼Щëûж˵һţȳź̷ƢԪ鷳УʲôУǻʲô
˾˼˿ɫûж˵ֻͬ㶢𣿻ȥ
ŶһϽȥ骡
λãûʲô¶Դǲô¶ȥһΣͻԼҼ
骼סƫƧҲûˣͼмˣչĸס
骵ĸѾʮ۾ƽչˣˣû¶Ҳչһϡԭ骲ϲ࣬ϣ˵Ц࣬Ҳûжôųˡ
˾˼ϻչ˺ϣȥ˵һӣϲӣŸʽӣ֪ģΪһӵġ
еģһԿӣ£ƺ죺˵ǳ˶࣬һʷô㲻Σ㶢ҾŸҾŸõĹ٣ôµȥ𣿡
骲˵Աȡһõһϡſ˰죬ҲЩ˼߹ʼһӡ
ɾ
ãܿһһҲǸˣô͸Ԫ˼Զһ֮أ˵Ų˵仰
۾ģһġ
ƽڣôƶ˾˼Ǹˣ
˵Ҳ֪Ҫ˵Ÿ磬Ҹ㣬Ǹˡ
⻰骳ЦЦûж˵Ӿͼ̵ۣҺ˵
Ƭˡ
骳ѣϽȥԼƬ֪骲ͬ˵Щ¶ͷ˸ôʲô㿪̰
ϲӡ
ֻ˵ôһ䣬㶣㷴ӳ˵ˮ
̲סͷһ骣ɫƽûбϲ룬չȥ˵ôһ˹ѹ
ʲôѹأ϶ֽ̺ͣ棬Աȡ˱ʣţҺúˣҲǳ¡ֻأʲôѹ
ûȢһգգۣһܱߣ㿴һˣµ
ִʶסƬ̧̺ۿȻȥˣÿһݸ鶼ء
Ҳû˵ѽϽҾǹ㡭
ţͬ˵𣿡
骴һƽǶ˰ˡ
⻰ˣЦЦһߣӣУûȥԸһӣ˭㣿
骲˵Ƭ̺͵ͳҲϲ˵ġ
㶣骵һˣ֪ϲˣˣҲһӻѹĴӲˣϲ¶ˡϲ㣬ҲͰˡϲ㣬Ȫ֪жѹ
û˵ͷճ档
洫̧ͷ꣬ºͣʵҹúܺãû˭涨һ˾ǹ¹µúܲңԼ¶ҪæĸҪչˣйҪǣϾʱĹúܺãлĺ⡣
⻰˺ܶࡣ룬µӣܺðɣ
ɡ
Ҳôϲ𣿡
⻰Ķͣסˡƺǻʲôɵ̧ͷ˺ܾãҲ֪
شˣ
Щ죬ԭ骵ΪǷޣӦʮֶȥô꣬һֱΪһȻҲ֪ȴЩˡ骿Ŵ⣬ұΪϲҡʱһȥϲǸˣˣˡһ̣ߣ˵ȥˡ
ЩãȻʱãﻹôһ㣬ôһ㡭ҵġ
ţЩܣͷӣشˣ˵Ҳ̫ˡ㶼ȷû㣬ôʮ꣬ﲻѹ𣿡
⻰ºЦˣһΣƺǿˡ
ͷɽˮϲһˣôѹأϲңҲеźˡ㣬̧ͷѵֱۣѧҡƺ«ƺö꣬˶Զˣ֪֡
骵ĻûлΪûȥҡҡͷûٳ
˺ܾúԱߴЩ˼ǸСһһ¡
ѧ˻һȵ̫ɽŽӻãȻСװϣԼһŽʹ骺ˣ˾ԺȾƣƺ骺졣
˵ͺ˵˵ԼĿգպ٣޷ҲҶϵ¶ЦĻоԼ˶ʮ꣬·Ǹˣѵ߶
˵ҹڰѾƺˣҲ˸ۡ
˾˼̲Ż̺͹˾˼ȥϼ๤˶Ūһ࣬˾˼һһٱһ飬˵ͬ˾˼Ÿ磬ʵش˰ɣҲ
˾˼üͷȴǵΪʲôôƫ
㶣Ƭ̺ץץͷЩյ˵öŶ
˾˼Щοһۣ̾˿㰡ʲôʱܳЩ
⻰˵ЩѹˣǿҲ밡
ˣˣϽԸĺã˵ʲô
˾˼ʼ磬˿ɫˣҹ¶ɡ
ţ
Щ⣬˾˼°ͣҪԾŵļȥ˾ݣҰ˾ݾ㣬ȥ˰úá
⻰Ӧӹ˾˼˾˳ȥ
ʮˣԼ֮ҪһͳҲȥ
תͷȥԾվſڡ
Цȥˣİɣǡ
Ծû˵ҡҡͷֱ˹ֱϣתͷͬ޶Ǳģһһߡ
⻰ŷӦԾҪȥ뱣޶Ϊ֪˿ļһֲ̿ǵĶʯڣ޷ֻһݰˡ
ԾһϣԼ˳ݡϣǸճͱ׷ɱߡԤ֮е飬Ҳûжη壬ոǿֶղףһ·Ҵӣ֮ǰ񱼳ݵؽ硣
һ·Ծһֱǰʲôʱڳǰһ˵ţһػǼղôȴ޶˶˼־⡣
ʱǵ˾ݵؽ磬֮󣬽˷˾ݡ
Ծһȥ·ϣЦŵ˵ʱһΪոǿúܣôè򣬶ûɱ˰ɣǰ棬𣿡
˰úãԾҲ࣬ЦЦЩ˼ˣ£Ҳõǰ氡
˵ƴһӣԾתͷȥǰϣӺùЩ𣿡
ţԺ࣬Ƭ̺Ӧ˵ǡ
һ·ص븮ۡͿ˾˼˹ٷ׼ȥ
Ҫڣ˾˼ȥϢһ£Ծ׼֤ݺ͹ʣһ˵
ԾŹ񣬱㿴Ź˾˼˳ȥ
˾˼һͼġ
ոԪ˵ز֣ûз֮󣬱ȥ˶ͼһߣȻֳǽЩ֮صأˣЩ˴ˣǰռ˴Ƭأ潨
˾˼ע˵ͼŸԪȸԪ֮󣬹˾˼ֽǰһ̯ƽ˵زȥ˿
˵ţ˾˼̧֣һƬյϣͰóָ񣬸ΪΣ
ԪͼɫͲ̫ÿ˾˼Ҫ˵ʲô洫˼Զ
˴ˡ
˼Զ߽˾˼ҲڣЦ˴Ҳڣ
˾˼ӦЦЦû뵽Ҳˡ
չ˴˵ֵ飬ûü쵱ȻҪ
Ȼ˵֣˾˼Ҳûأ̾ͽ뷨˵ˣ˼Զţ֮Ц˴˵뷨ܺá
˵ţ˼Զ򸵱Ԫˣʲô𣿡
˼ԶôʣԪЦЩŲסˣǿ˴˵üǡ
ȻǣǾ˼Զ̵ˣĲˣ˴ʲôӦ߾ȫæôΪѣǼ˼
ԩԪ̵ʵԩȷûи״¹ʧְڹ˴˸ˣ˴ˣԪ̵¡
±㲻ˡ
˾˼ЦЦȥáȻû飬쿪ʼͽػָЩȻ׼ȼðɡ
˼ԶˣԪҲΪѣ˾˼ôһ˵˱㶼ȫȨӦ¡
˼Զ̸ˣЦЦ˴ˣȻ̸ˣ̸˽°ɡ˵˳ֶۡ׾ʹˣֶĹͣ£֪˴˿֪
Ŷ⻹治֪
˾˼ڳ޹̬˱ϾѾǹˣǱʲôʵûʲôϵ˵£¹ٻʣ¹ٽӵԲͷ٣˵ϰǿˣ˿֪£
£˼ԶҲװɵ̵ܣȻݡֶغʵҪǲţ˴˿ԽǼ˽гʡ
ʣҲضˡ
˾˼һ̧ԱĿϰһˣ֪ˡ
˴˵ǣ˼Զͷ˾˼Ļζظһߣ˽еһˣ󣬱ʲô֪ˡ
˾˼Цȴ˼Զ˿δƺŲ˴˿룬Щ¶嶯ЩأҲ˵
˾˼˼ԶһڣȵŻԷ͸ϵ˹ϣһල
磬˾˼˿ʼֵϢǣŶֿڲŷġ
ҹԾŵĿڹҲдˣһǩֵķ˾˼֤ݣ룬̧ۿԾŵ˽⣬ǰֱץȽϺãٵȵȸã
񴿲ûʵȨԾѣֻǸˡ
˾˼û˵
һˣնˣҲûжҡ˰֡
һܲһӣһǧԾն񴿣˵ʵʲô̫ı䡣ȵʱ̣˵˶ˣһ񴿡
˾˼ţתӣúڵԾţԸ𣿡
˵ţ̧ۿԾźѰӲȥȵһˡ
⻰Ծסȥ˷Ը
ǲģͷС
£ȵڶգ˾˼ͰԾһ˷˻ȥ
Ź˾˼ûзѣ˳ˣȥ˼ԶЩɻ˵˾˼ʲô˼˵ĵģһҪҰˣԾͰ˷ˣ˵Сǲˣ
˼Զû˵ôŷ֣ˣǵá¾£ˣθ̫󡣡
ЩˣЦݵ常˼ǣץңΪץģ
˼Զû˵˵˼˺ܾãڲŵǵðߣС
񴿾һԣ˼Զ룬ͻȻǲǽ˸ʲôֿ⣿
ǡ̵˸ˣֿһлӵ˿ģ̽ӾǸֿǶڽֿ⣬üطڽֿ⡣
ǽ͹˾˼޹Ļƺһ£
˼ԶȤ񴿵ͷԣһ¡
˼Զ룬һһΪߣһȨı˽ˣװʲô
˵ţ룺ֿʲôʱҵ
ˡ̵վҪʡ
˼Զͷϸѯֿã֪ôֱ⣬˵ıܣҲ˽˼ԶһʣĴ˵˳
Զĵطô󴬣֮ĺСܹ˵Сˡֶѡʵ䣬ϻִ󣬳ɱҲͽ
񴿽ŵȫĶôպ̶Ϊ˽ʡɱѡѶ͡һ͵ȫǽǮ
˼ԶţƬ̶̺ʲôʱ·
Ӧˣ񴿵ȻʼʣǴˣǵһӦҲͿˡ
˼ԶӦһ룬һˣ·Ļˣһ
㶣Ƭ̺Щ常ΪͻȻ鷳
˼Զһۣǡ
񴿿˼ԶˣϽǸ͸˳ȥ˽鰲ȥ
񴿰ʱվڲֿǰŶ
˾˼վſڵϢ̺ȥ˺ӵϼ๤Լ㡣
Ϊ壬ûֻۣһɫɫƽۣ˰Сȣ粽β
㶫Ϧ£ԶԷˡʱ򣬹˾˼һڲֿСɽϢ˾˼ˮЦŵվҪҵˣɸˣ
ЦЦЦúǿóزסĻϲͷϴϸᡣ
עŲԶĲֿ⣬ֿռؽʮĶеĴֿ⡣յʱֻһƬĵأ˾˼޻ƺӣ޽ֿ⡣ⲻֻһֿ⣬ֻһǣԺ֪˿̴ϣѾ˶ٸֿ⣬Щֿһ𣬱ϵӣ﷢Ź⡣
˼ڣԶĲֿ⣬ֽ̧ͷڶºͳ֪ҸоһƬ졣
˾˼תͷԶĹѹɹ˾˼ȴԾɸоǷȣվԶһ죬һÿһطҵ̣ϱرǧｭһջһݵݣöǧˣеطúܽһˣκһطҶܺܿܿ죬㡣
˵ţתͷȥŹ˾˼Цϣһ죬ʱҲվԱߡ
Ϊӣתͷȥ·ɽ𡢰ơӲɽڲϢĳӣԶǴЦ⣬ּᶨΪ㡣


136 
Ĳֿ֮󣬱㿪ʼʽӪ, һݹ, Ҫ͵Ļ, һС, һЩ̼̽ί
ݵߵö½·Ϊ·ϸֹؼɽ·ԼɽˣǼޣҪһµ£ɱǲ˵һδǹ滮ˮ·һ·ɱҪԭ, ʱȴһһ¡
˶ڹ, ͨ, պݵһ·, ˵ڿһ·һͳ, Щֿ, ֻܽԼˡԼһ˵ôബֿԼ·ķ, ǳɱ̫ˡ
Ǵݿʼ, һֱڸϢ
һ·ĵ⣬ʵˮΪ㲻׼˴̴ÿһֿ, ȥӣͨ
˫رϣ㻹Щ, ݵؽ绹ãϾǹţһ·ֻҪǶµĶᶯǳݵؽ磬Щ˯ˣҹշתߣ˾˼Ľǡ
˾˼ȥϼ๤ҹﳣ˯ҹ㻹ţɵþЩͷۣẉ̂㣬˯ɣ˯ţҲ˯š
ǸǸҪȥ˯
Ҹ˯ˡ˾˼̾ϢһͷϣҪͬ˵˵ɣЩ¶ͺ˯ˡ·ϵ¶Ҳû취
֪˾˼˵öԣתȥֱס˹˾˼Ǳ߲ôˣ
Ծȶţ˾˼˳Ļ˳ȥˡأΪҲ㶯˾裬ȸòĲˣ£һˡ
ӦһǱô˵
ţ˾˼ߺһˣҲûĶģ˲骵ˣ骶ûԼˣǵѸ㲻Ӧò˼ԶߵˣΪʲôңһǲס
˵Ż˯ȥһߣ񴿼Уһ˹ڵϣɫЩүҴˡ
˵ţ˴ӿڴóһţùЦŵӡ¸ˣ
ˡ˵ͷϽķԸһݿհ׵ġ
ˡ
񴿴ùţ濴һ󣬵˵ͷˡ
ĻԱһӵǰ񴿶Ӵ򿪣װӣŵźӣЦŵӡ¶ˣٰһæɣ
⻰ŵ㶣񴿽ŵҹ̶ͨӵĴү·ϹŸ͹ȥܱկӵ˶ϣǣǵģزٸ̽˷ˣ𣿡
󡭡ˣ
Щ֮ǰֻ˵͵ӡ£û˵
ӻҪ𣿡
񴿿ˣɫסϣŵҪ𣿡

Ϣһҹڶ㿪ʼ׼ֻҹ̶Ȼ
ȵҹûлؼңվͷһֱŴֻۡ˾˼ںϰ£Ȼȥϴ軻·ڵٷ˿˵ʲôʱ
ûľ̾˿ūţٷ˵ƢҹܲˣҪһֱȵѻͳŻ
˾˼ˣԥƬ̣ڲŵȥͷ
һɫȡ˽ľϵȥ˺ԺȡյǣͿҲȡ˾˼ɵЦӴˣô˯
ȹ˴˿ԿŷˣЦЦ³˹񣬻ЩҪæ
˾˼̵ĳŪȴ⣬üأϱ׬Ǯˡ
̣
֪ܡ
ˣˣ㴦ɣ˾˼˵أҪȥϱˣٻᡣ
˵֮󣬹˾˼˸߸˳˸ޱ鷭˺档
ȻûʶԷĿĵأȴ֪Ŀĵһµġһǰһϵͷʱ˾˼ؾս
ԶԶվͷǰ仨ۣһɫ磬ͷð¶˳Ĳָ߹ƲĿ⡣վԶɣ˾˼Ƭ̣ȻƺˣĿһԱߣ̣֪ΪʲôҲͣ㡣
˾˼ͻȻ˼ֲãȴֳֻǲ֪ʲôһ㣬ͻؾЦˣС̲ɵתͷüЦʲô
Ŷûʲô˾˼͵ҾѾϱˣϱÿ㻹ûȢء
ǣЦ
˾˼Ȼģʲôķǵ˰
̱ƺ˵ˣд⣬˾˼Цǰ嵽ǰع㿴˾˼һ㡣
Ѱȥ˾˼ڣ彣һ·Сܹ
˾̲סЦˣȹ˾˼ǰȥƽ·ϵ壬º͵ôˣ
˵Ż˾˼˵ұ㡣
ͷЦˣҪԱߴ̵ϰ塣
Ҳˡ
Щ죬̵ͷ˵
˲ˣ㹧ģѶ׼ãʲôӵġ
޷ҡͷҲܷ¶ϰһ˵š
˫һͷϼţ˾˼ڣ࣬ԭͷһӾվһ˵߶̲סЦ
ȵ죬ʱ̴ӦõˣȻȴһյƻֻˮڶ
˶ɵüͷֵô
û˵꣬ͿһССϵһյƣ˴ϰ壿
ͺˮ֯һò̫Уȴʮ־ǰһңϺڸ磿
Ϻȥ˵ˣ֪Щɳƣʮɫ̱˳
ңϰ壬ˣԷҲ˰Ѵˣ
⻰ɫʱŴԽԽ֪ˣ
ʮϺڴɽүͷԱʮկӣ˶ˡ
˵ţϺڵĴͷ˾˼̶Կһۣ㴹֪ʲô
Ƭ̺󣬹˾˼ȥٸˡ
һ¡
ֹ̧ס˹˾˼ĶƬ̧̺ͷ㲻ȥٸˡ
ǡ
˾˼ҪڣŸ磬治ȥҪȥٸˣǾȨı˽
˾˼Ĭ
˵ĵȻ֪ȻЩ˴㣬ٸ˷ĵϣ֮ǰ£үȻжʮկȥ㣬Բǳġ
ʲôè壬ȥٸǹٸȻѽ˷һ£ʱ΢һϣ¾Ҫȥٳ˷ˣѻŪ̶ͨӵҲˡ
һ˼ҽˣҪþòŪôУ
Թ˾˼һȥǱȻҪ͹ٸͻǿ˷ˣһǿǾͶǰѱɲΡ
ڳ˶ĬţƬ̺ڵϰȥ٣
õķӣ㱨٣̰˴¶
˾˼룬Ӧֻˡ
Ȼܾ˾˼㶣ʶҪΣ
ȥҪ
侲˾˼ʶУ
˾˼ȥ٣Ȳ֪ٸ᲻ֲ֪ٸʱһٸ룬˽˾ûˡٵڰȨ˱ˣҲˡ
Ҫ˽ˣ˾˼üͷתͷȥ̶µģ·Щ·շѵġպｻͨиͣȫЩע飬òסպȡŸ̻Ǿ̫ˡ
ƬѾǻҪ⣬Ǿ͵øҵĴۡ
ɩ˵öԡ
˿ڣŹ˾˼Ÿ磬ɩպҪ˲ĻһǴ¡Ծǹٸɽ˹ᣬȻүвôˡ
ǡЩԥڣҪȰ裬˾˼ô
˵ţϺڵĴ˰ߣ˰Ϻڣٺˣ
ûϺҡͷҲ٣ֶ࣬һʱвͷ
á
ͷ侲ȥӣүᣬ֤Աȫ
ǡ
ϺӦԸ˻ȥתͷ̣侲ˣˣܽһЩˣ
̿㣬ɫƽ۾úЦˣȴǵǡ
˵꣬̾˿̧һָһ١
ͷתͬںӡл׼ˣȥɽ
ȵȣ˾˼̳Ҫȥɽ
ǡ̵»ɽˣֱӽٸ㿪ʼ참
У˾˼ͷȥ
ȥʲôЩãȻһƷ飬Цҡ
ҲֹƷ飬˾˼ɫ棬һɷ򡣡
㶣˾˼תȥͬߵˣͬһ׼
ȻһЦҲո֡
䣬תȥԸ˿ʼ׼عʱЩοŹ˾˼̾˿ɡ
˵꣬ȥˣߣ
һ˵һ漲ߵǰ֮󣬱֮˳ȥ
ͷɽȥӡľϵۻسУˣ㼱˳ǣɽ˳ȥ
˼Զ񴿶û˯жģܼ˽ˣҹͨ˳ˡ
⻰Цڹȥʲôã
˵ţӣûˡ
û١˼Զƽڣ᲻ʲôӣ
ΪԼܾȣ񴿿һ˼Զİɣˣͻˡʱһϣ˾˼͸óˡƽ¶Ǳһʣֱӽˡ
⻰˼Զ̧ͷ񴿣СӣЦŵ
˵ţ˶Ц
һ·ɽ£ȴ󣬺˾Ͷˡ
˼̺͹˾˼ˣһˣȫɽ¡㽫˹կӣǿ𣿡
̧ͷ濴˿ͷûʲôˣɽ
⻰ָ࣬ͬӡ
Ӧһתͷˣȫӵɽ
˵ָ֮֮£ɽϳȥ
͹˾˼棬ɱ
˿̻ɽ˴໹ûɽֻһЩ˲ŻزѴݻ֮㹥˻ɽ˿ɽϾʣһЩ棬˽ЩȫһȻȥָɽµĻأűŹ˾˼̵˺˴֮С
û˶ãɽ¾ʹȫڰɽԽԽ
û뵽ôʡ
˳øлܼͨ籨ţ֪ͨôǮҲܷŹ
ɵһ˵ôǼҶֻôһ׼ڽٵôףﻹڷٸǱĲ֣ЩǮ˵̶ӣܲ͹ٸһ㽻ɣ
˭֪أһ˼ֵǵҲûѡǣ
˵꣬ĽŲͶסˣһǾòԾɽڡ
ͻȻصֵĶȥˣ
˯˰ɡôˡ¥˻ء
ԣֲԾ˵¥ֵܣƶûˣ
˵꣬ƺӦʲô͵󺰵ߣ
䣬ܱ䣬һƬҽ֮
ڴ֮ϣԱ߶豭һŮӴ֮ƽ
үŮº侲һƬУһġĵֵ˲ͻȻͣүˡŵ㶻عͷȥ
ͿƻͨĴ̺ſһ·̵ͷͷ֮°ŮӶϷĽϡ
ͣͱ˵һƺ׵ĶׯˮܽأһƬڰҰУº͵ſ
һһվˣһ½ڡ彣һۣսɫСȣǵ˫
ͷϷڵ׽ֵҸ߹ã飺˳
ǱԼд˹ģȻ˿֮£ȴһŮ˶ɵЩ񣬱̣ǸŮƽȱɡ
үһ䣬˵Щŵկأ
š
֪ʲôҲԵ޹ʶ׸֡
˭
ү׷ʣһЦ̧ۿҵĻȴ˭ү飬һ㶼İ
⻰ү¶𾪣㡭ͨеġ
ͨе㣬бӣվ˫ֽǰү΢΢ͷү


137 
үû˵һЩ, Ա˼, ֪⡣
۲үɫ, һ롱, ƽү
үһߵֱϵһλ㱧Ų豭֮ǰͬүкӣҸˣүҲˡһ, үܷ˵
ү˵, ŵ, ƺ˼, 㿴, º͵ү, ʱ䲻, »ȥĶ, ôûһ׼ʮկ, ֮ˣ⻢ɽɱסˡ

ү⻰, ʱ̧ͷЦһүĪΪŮ֮Ͳɱ˰ɣ
˵ţ̧ۿһ˫ЦЦ⣺֮ǰòԣ
үץ˷֣Ϣû˵վүȥ˾˼ס˽ʱ̵ų֣ȴͥߵүǰͷүҸ⣬ھ͸Щߵţǰѻ͵ɽҪܲɽһկ԰ɣ룬Ҫֻˣǵļ˻ţЩƽܹɽķǻŹǼ𣿡
ү
⻰վõ̳
Ȼүȴǲ˵ãͷˡ˵ɽʲôʱô壬ƽĵ˶Ҫţ㲻˵ɣүôµģǹٸˣ
үɫ˶ԼλϣҲҲǣٸԼڶϰյӣү֪ʲôҿĺܡǹٸˣɾҪˣҪһֻĺǻɽҪ˵˵λҹ֮£ҲԼ̣ܱ㲻λ˴á
һˣүڣô
˲٣Цŵܴһ·̶ӵˣụ̂ΪҸ
ү˼ĻȻȴѾû˼ģүƽڵүҲûʱͬˣڿʼʮʮ֮мվȥţҵĻȫǸҰʮ֮ûվһɱһˣֱ
֮ǰزЦұ֤ɽ£Ȯ
ң
үŭȳôˣҲһʱ򡭡ʱ򡭡
ʱô̧ۿүҲΪ˭鷳ҽ˼ԶʮҲң
һŭȽסˡ
˼Զݵ죬˼Զҵ⡭⵽·ɣ
үһʱ׼ĻǼ٣Ѿʼˡ
ʮšˡ
úܿ죬ûκϳɣĶоƺǹͷϵһѽʱҪ
ʱܲˣ͵ع󺰵ȥҪɱңȥ
ܺã̧ۿˣ𣿡
ңҲȥ
Ⱥ½½ȷ˼ݣǼվ˳
ѡ˼޶Сģһӳ
˿ôӶۣǼˣЦŵǰҵĻҲǼˣһӣͳݣ֤ǵİȫǴɷġ
⻰Ǽ㶣Ƭ̵̺ǣһĻ
˵֮⼸˱̳ˡ
үϣƺ˼ʲôعͷλϣү컹ûүкܶʱ¡
Ҫʲô
үʱľƣЩſڡѵգͬٸĻ˭
ү⻰һ˿˵ģɲݵĹٸǳ͢ղ󳼡
ү㶣ͻȻЩңƺĵӺζ
㵽ֹٶ˵棬ûãͬԱߵĹ˾˼Ӧûɣ
û¡˾˼׼ֱɽ˳ǵ·Ϥõġ
˾˼İ˵ͷ컹δŵȾѪͬɾˣ
˵ͷԸһ֮󣬱˳ȥ
ѻſڣʱԭѺ˻Ҳˣ˲ӣһ㣬һװ䣬װ˾ֱͳȥ
˶࣬úܿ죬֮ǰͶͷЩװ׼õСĿСڳԶжȥ
Сһ·Զȥתͷͬ˾˼ЦЦ˴ˣҪȥˡ
˾˼Ц˫ָ󣬿ǰųĹ˼֣ȥɣΪֹ
ӦתͷȥվԭأԥƬ̣ǰȥͬлˡ
ûж˵˵ͷûӦ
˾˼̻˸УǸԻϹٷ̼ȥϼ๤˾˼ø˹ȥ֮ͣԼϢ
㽫ү˰һǧɽˣȫϵ˸档Ǹ⼷ˣϰһôˣ̸˹վſڣȸһţ˽״ȥ
Ԫ峿˹Ƿãսã۱״ͬԪˣٷ״ˡ
״
ԪЩ£ʲô״
ٷ˵Ļɽֽˣٷ˴ɨʮһկȫץڶ棬ţ
⻰ԪŴ죬ð춼û£
úŽ͵ʮһʮһկ
һҹɨƽʮһկ磬ֱǼδδš
۵ͷü¶Ҫô찡֪Щˣɽķ°ͣǲǵİ
Ԫû˵ûãһ۸˽ˣЩ˷ˡ
ԪˣãڵȥȥɣΣôɡ
˵ţԪϽɴñææϵ˴֮ϡ
˴ãԪ㿴һվһߣһߵıȴǴӴһ·ӵ涼ס
ˣڣŮҪ״ԻɽүΪ׹һǧʮһɽɱԽ죡
ŶŶԪͷ˷ˣ״̫࣬һʱ꣬ȽһǧɽѺһΣ
ȫ˷Ը
˸ûаȻҲʱ洫һʵţ
Ԫ㶣תͷȥ㿴˾˼϶ƹٷ̴Ӵ
ԪǰŹ˾˼˴ˡ
ˡ˾˼˸ɫƽŸ˰칫ˡ
ŲţԪϽЦ֪˴Ϊ£
˾˼תͷԱүˣүŹ˾˼ɫ㽩ˣ˳˾ҹվˡ˾˼ɫЦˣŵҹţ˵ݹٸйԱ뻢ɽɽ˽Թĳã˰ǲס
⻰ԪЦݽϣƬ̺Сǹ˴˵˼ǣ
֮ǰӽϴն鳼ټȻõ˰ţȻ֮ǡɣ֮ǰɱٵİҲüĿţȻ¹ݹԱһˡ
ԣ˾˼ŸԪֱӵӣɱٽӹ˰ɡ
Ԫû˵ˣŹ˾˼ú˴ˣ˰漰ˣ죬ǲס
˰Ҳ漰ݹԱ˾˼ֵݹԱ죬Ҳǲס
˽ţƬ̺󣬸ԪǿЦȻף籨ʥϣʥָһλ˹Σ
˾˼ǣͷơ
Ԫ˿˲תͷЩˣͶɡ
ȵȣ˾˼̧֣Щݹٸ˿ܣ³⣬ӽηأɱٵ˸𡣡
Ԫ⻰ûг˾˼תۿˣҲͬ
⻰ѾǴ˾棬Ԫ˾˼˼һֵǡ
˽˾˼˽Щ˶ѹȥȻ˼滻ԭ䡣
һк͹˾˼һȥ㲻ɵõָɵĹԱÿɵ
Ϣһ˰Ӽȥ˾˼˼ŵ಻죬ʱԱӾǳңɵ
м䲻䣿
üͷ˾˼ŵֻҪүͲ䡣
ͷ˵
任˹˾˼ˣ˱ٹ˾˼˾˼Ҳֻʱʱȥǣͼ˵һү
үηΨһĽûмˣҲʶݵ죬Ҫˡ
º󣬷ָɵ˸˹ԭɷָ̲ԭֻǰ̲һλͼԱΪͨþӪŰ֮ûǨڣ̲λߣλȴʮҪʲôѰˡ³󣬷ֱ㽫ֱγ̲顣
˾˼ףҲΪ漰㣬ϣ˾˼̶ϲҪǣصѡôԽ۽Σֹ˾˼˽Ȩάҥ
գֱ븮ã㿪ʼ󰸣˾˼ںϼ๤ȻصۡľϴϢΪ˵ˣүˡ
˾˼üľѹСǸԪ
Ԫ
˾˼Ϊ죬־ƺҲ֮Сľ֪˾˼û뵽ǸԪϸ͵ү˸˸˹ӡֽ˵Ϊ˸˵Ĺӡôկӣһȥٷ˵Ļ˸˸ϹټҸƵӣ֪Ǹ˵Ĺܼң˺ȥϣǸܼҡ
Ǹأ
˾˼׷ʣľ̾˿ˣ
ˣ
˾˼Щ죬ľϵͷԣȥץˣ˾ûˣԪ˵ܼͬٻϼˣ˵⻰˭Ű˵˵˽Ų鵽ϻڸſڳ붹ԡ
˾˼û˵ľϼ˼ɵõӣ
û¡
˾˼룬ͬľϵҲϽɵȥذѸһ
ľӦתͷȥ˷Ըȥ
˾˼ҹڴϣȥշתߣɵõ˼
û¶˾˼֣˯ɡ
룬ȥӺ汧ס˾˼СڳЩʲô
˾˼ԥŵˣ˵ǸԪָʹġ
֪
ӦԪҲʲôˣӦˡץˣ˳ϣ˵ܰ˼Զ
˾˼ûӦŵ˼Զĵɱһ£֤Ѿʮþȣ㽫֤ݽ񴿱ǷˣҪҧ˼ԶǾƲܵģΪңҲܶ˼ԶôֻҪ˼Զ񴿱죬ѶȾĴ󡣿ɸԪһûһҪס˼ԶľģҪ˼ԶֻܴӸԪ֡
˾˼ʣûгԾС˼
˾˼֪ɻ˺ܾã˵ЩԥԪүΪʲôҪǹӡ
㶣˾˼үԴΪ֤ҪЮ𣿡
˵ţԾΪ˵õǩ֣һ䣬ҪӣҲڷ֡Ԫôô֤ԼĹӡ
ԣǻɸԪǱݺģ
Ź˾˼Ļ˾˼ûг
һֱԪǶŸɣʮԲô˼Զˡ
˾˼̾˿ڵٿ
˵ţ㣬˯ɣȥ̸̸
˯˹ȥ֮󣬹˾˼Ϲٷȥ
ȥʱˣ֣ͨߵ鷿˾˼鷿˻񣬶һ˿ƽʣ֪˴иɣ
ЩҪˡ
˾˼˵ţ֮ǰռ񴿵ĺӶ˳ǰ˹ȥˣӦ֪֮ǰںӵϱɱһ£¹شµвϣɹĿ
û˵˹֮е֤һһ鿴Ƭ̺󣬱ֱӷ˼ͬ۵ȥѺ
˾˼Ѹ٣Ϊȣ룬ŵ֪ɽһ˽չΣ
˾˼Ļ㽫˾˼˼˸ûӣֱӵƣ
ǣ˾˼ϵ֪ƿץˣ
š
˵ͷ˾˼˵Ǳãйˣ
ˡ
ֱӳ˾˼ɫס񴿵Ĳϣɫ޲峿ǽȮ֣ٵߡ
ֻ˵˹ؼʣ˾˼ȴУȻȮȥѰˣȻҵ˸Ƶʬ塣
ʲôʱģ
˾˼ϽڣҲûŵҹɱ
˾˼ûٳüͷʻ̧ͷ룬Ű֤ݳ㣬޷ԪѺ
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лҪ˵С糡
˾˼ΪƥǣƱԪɣҾԡ
񴿣ûԪԲǡ
໤ԪǡƱ
ԪȻˣֻˡ
̣һƿҩҲһƿҩ˭Ʊԣ
骣ԤԼҡֵÿҡ
׳գƱ
㣺ع˾˼
˾˼ô~~
ˣɱ


138 
˾˼Ӹ߳˵ﶼǳŵġֱʲô, Щʱһֱڰ¹Ա, ˼Զ͸Ԫ˼Զһ񴿵, , ˼ԶԪһƷ֥С٣˺ܾãҲû鵽µ֤
¶Ƿģлܻߣһ㲻ϴ󣬶ڱȷҲ, ϰնԸԪӡ, , ζ, Ȼ޹, Ҳ޹״̬
˾˼˼Ż˼, ȥϼ๤, մͷ
Դӵһ͵, ̶ӾͿʼתǼ۸͡ٶȿ졢ȫԸߣС̼Ϊʡ³ɱｻͨ, Ǹ䡣ҵ£Ѿϱν¡
Ϊ䷽, ʽʼӨӨҶ϶ŵ飬㲻ʱóȻ꣬ԾǽƻãȻʼ滮ųǮ
ҶϺӨӨڸԵĵﶼһˣѾ𽥱㸺Ｏʽ𣬾ʽ򣬶ҶϺӨӨӪģʽӨӨڻ𽥻˾飬ʼͼ滮ճŮõĶʼŵǡӡһЩƷļҾߵȵȡҶȻ²ãȴҲʼΪ㹩Ӧ˼زԽͳɱ
ûзǵ飬һ̶Ӳֿ죬һ˼ŵȥǮ
˾˼ԺԺһǧƽǹˣ棬˾˼﷢ƣһǧϣһûһŵأǧϣϻŴƺӵ¡
ϳȸ߳ʱӡͻȻָ·ԺӣЦ㿴
˳ӡָķ򿴹ȥͿͷշĹ˾˼
˼ĺɫĳţϲô޵ɫͷŽڣǧϣһ˫۾ա̲סЦˣϵ⣬·һůɹţƺڸ֪ţһжû䡣
¹ôãԾꡣ
Ჽ˹ȥ˳ȱϣ̧ϣһ˹ӡ
˾˼־Щ֣ô˹ӣЩ̧ͷӭ־Ӹߴ˾˼ʶ̧֣סһ̧ۣͿߴЦӯӯĹ
ü籦ʯԡ
֪ʲôʱȥ˹ǷݾнЦԼ˼Цŵ˹ʲô
˾˼⻰̲סЦˣ顣
ʲô
°ͬģ⻰ȴ˾˼ľ࣬ü΢һʱͶķɫź˴ݣ˵֡
ģȴһӿ˳
˵㡣
ʵҲûʲô֣˾˼ô˵ȴ;ͻȻ޶˵ֱϣ͵˵ˣ
˵꣬վϽȥˡ
˾˼㶣Ͻ׷˹ȥ㣬߰
ڴ˿̴һ·˷˾˼ȳſ죬̤뷿źһҪطţ㱻˾˼̽ӣֵסҽȥ
ûֻŹţ˾˼ֵţƬ̣ȴЦˡ
Цʲô
̧˾˼˴ͷߣԭСӲˣ˰
ȥ
ʱȥȴ˾˼һס֣˳ƼýŴϣһѱ˻
ͷЦ㣬ʱԼ࣬ٺ֣ԵƺǴһһʱͽסȥҲ͹ˡ
˾˼޴룬ͷһڣ˵ϲұˡ
˵ȥƺмֲģ˾˼ַڴߣ׵ܰĽӣҸǸˡ
⻰ЩٶĽһʱסˣ̲ס˼ΡҲ֪Լôˣڹ˾˼ǰôʧ˽ˡ˾˼ֿ֪ʼʡˣϽҵĺӣǧˣŮദֲ̳͢ʲôĶˣǿžǷޣžͿɰúܡ
𡭡˵ˡ㿪Щͣǲ˼˾˼͵Цţ㿿ؿڣܸоǻ̶Ƭִ̣̾˼ֳѽ
˵ŻͻȻ˼ĽŲ˾˼ԿһۣŸ磿Ÿ𣿡
˾˼;Щͷ̧ۣסͷ̾˿Ŵء
ʱ򡣡
˾˼Сֹ룬һڣһŭ⣬ſˣųȥ˫£䣬ûʲôͨ
ҽҲҪͨˣ
Щ£Ұͨ𣿡
֮ǰȷ⻰ѹ˾˼ʵҭסˣһϽ˵

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˾˼㶣Ƭ̵̺ʲôҲˣ
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ˣ
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Ϊʲô뿪
˾˼׷мִʣڹ˲ˣǱ°𣿡
ĶˡһЩճ
ŵĹӡƽϲĶ˵λҪġҪĶˣΪЩϰȫԼˣ߼Ϥˣα뿪ӣҲõôȷѾα뿪Ҳڹô˲ɵĺۼ
㲻ڣǵأ
ûˡҵʱլԺⲻԶ˴򶷵ĺۼ˲֪ˡ
˾˼û˵ŵԣĿܾʲô£ʱͻȻټ뿪ǵ˶֣߾֮ǰǷֵһ˶֡
˾˼˼ţЩǣŸ磬ô죿
ĸףôˣӦûɢС
˾˼ĸһʱ߲ˣƻڳСӦǳǣ߶Լϱͨݷȥ׷
ǡ
̾͸˳ȥ˾˼վſڣ˳Щɻشô£
˾˼ĬƬ̣ŵϢȥҼˡ
˾˼˵꣬˺ӵ̡
ںӵϼ๤˾˼ˣЦЦ˴ˡ
ش˲ˡ
˾˼żɽ۲̵飬㶣ʲôвˣ
һ䣬˾˼۲ɫ֪Ӧǵ治֪µġ
תߣȻϵ˸ãҵͬˣش˲ˣˡ
⻰üͷ˰йأ㲻
ˣ˾˼̧ۿش˳¿븵йأҼٸشôġ참ֱǷǷܲͿľͰѰˡ
ĬƬ̣úڵȥʡ
˾˼һʱЩԽҲ֪Ŀɹ֮һֵ̧롣
ͷȥ˸Ԫ
˾˼ȥηſڵһȥ󲻾ã߳ƽ˵֪
֪
˾˼㶣ͷ˵
⻰˾˼ˣûʳȥ
̧ס˾˼ôһʱˣŭ˵ǹǦ𣿣 ʲôʱˣ˿İ취ҪԡΪʲôܣΪҪĶܵңһ骱Ū·ϣô죿
ôһͨǲ˵ˣȹ˾˼ٳȥҲˡ
˾˼һ·嵽ͿԪڴϣƽǸֺǺǵӣһֳͷһſӣȻԵ룬ЩСƽյֺ̬Ƕ˼ζ
˾˼ŸԪŸԪˣ֪ɡ
Ԫŵӡ˾˼û˵򴽣ŵһΣҵȥץˣǲִʱ
κ죬˭Ժ
ˣ˾˼ڲ˵ش˵䣬˵ˣ
⻰ԪЦһŹ˾˼˵
˾˼ģ룬ŵҲ֪ǶҲ֪ش˴ʲôҲΪʲôҪ޻ƺӣֻ¡
Ԫͣˣ˾˼ȭͷ޺ûƺӣҲ޺ݡм䣬ҲŹһˣҲԩһˡˣԩ˵㲻شȥðգҡ
һˣԪۣǰǽ棬ƽݽʲô߸ӣˢһǮضˡᣬƷ飬δֻҪߴ·Ҫߵߵλȥα̰ðż
Ϊǹ١
˾˼濪ڣλãҳԵǰչʳõǰոٺ»ʬλزֻͣǰ̣¼Ȼ޻ƺӣҾҪѻƺ޺ãҲôǮװ״ȥҲÿһ곯͢긴һӵƺˮϢⱾİձðҵΪʲô
˴ˣԪ̾ݵİգݵĹٶܣ㡭
ҹܡ
˾˼Ͽڣϣҹ˾˼һһգҪܰһա
Ԫû˵ηǽ֪ʲô˾˼ˣ֪ҡ㲻ңҲһС֪źˣﲻ££ǲ𣿡
ָشΪʲôԩģش˾ȲȷԩһɽˮԶȥԩ㲻𣿡
֮ǰ˾˼һ˶ˣţˣǻסһĹ٣λסԼ
ԪŹ˾˼Ļú̾˿úҲԸԸȻѾ³ҪʲôȥҰɡ
˾˼㶣Ƭ̺ףԪ˵骵ȥ򣬹˾˼Ҫ˵Ԫŵɽ
ɽҪȥ˹ٵɽ骱Ȼ˹ٵΪ˦ˣһҪ뿪
˾˼ţԪ˼ɬЦЦߵʱ˸̳
˾˼ӦᲽҪߣ߳ǰͻȻԪʱ򣬾͡
˾˼סӣԪЦŵһתۣѾǰϹͷˡҲ㣬Լʱʲôģˡ
˾˼ŸԪĻعͷȥԪʯϣŹٸԲϴŲɣЦ⡣
һ˲䣬˾˼ִ·𿴵ʮĸԪ緢ǰɫᶨ棬ƺͬһż뷨Ѫ
ģѪΪˣ°վɽɺ顣
Щģ
ȻѪ纮ǡ
пĵУϢܽ˸ĳɷ츲صģ
˾˼ŸԪԪƺǿ糤һ֣ȥɣҵľơ


139 
˾˼һ·ܳȥյſ, վԭ, Ŵ, ̵ٵң
ͷ, תȥԸˡ
׷·ϣõϢ˼Ƭ̡
߹ٵԼ·̫ױŲ飬Ҳȫ, ̶ֻ֮ǰС
ȥһճǵ̶ų骻ڰ칫ʱԼʧ֮ʱ, һ̶ӳǡ̶ֵ˵뺵Ǽ, ֲû骡
û, Ǽα˹, Ҳٳ, ɴ, ˳̶ӵ·׷ȥ
, ׷̶ӣֱץʣŵ֪һϵ, ̶ӳ˳֮󣬲þ·ˡ
˳Ϣһ·ȥҵһҿջ, ûջ֮УԶ֮˳ȥԶԶһ˴Ӷ¥ڵϹһȦ󣬾Ϳʼɽ񱼣ҹۼ⣬һ۾Ϳ骣۶ȥϳ˼乭ʮ෢ųȥɱ֡
Ҳ󣬲ܲˣֻǳɽһ·񱼣׷ȥͬ˵˾䣺峡֮󣬱׷骳ɽ֡
شˣ׷󺰳ܣ
Ȼ⻰骸ûлͷܵø졣һ׷ȥ
í˾ܣȻܵÿ죬һʼ̫ԶһʱҲû׷һ·ɽ׷±ϣ޿ˣָ̧Լŷ磬վһߵܣܡ
骱Ÿǽš
ڶˣȫȻûƽǷĮԳ֣ӣ̲סЦˣһĹ٣ͦܰջܲģ
骲˵ЪˣվֱӣˣһȥɣҲɱģ㲻ôš
߰ɡ
ڳĿȣҲܻȥ
ҷ㣬ȥ
ֱӵΪǲʲôõĿ϶֤ݣԪ;Ÿ˵ˣǧȥ״αأŸǺˣҲǺˣ֤ݽǣǻġȥ״Ҫûңû֪֪
߰ɡ骲üͷ֪㲻žŸ磬ཻҲһʱˡشˣ֪ʲôˣȥ¡
骲˵ܲ˽Ÿ硭
˽𣿡
ֱӿڣҲ˽˽֪ʲôˣվ˭ʲôĿģʲôĿģ˾˼Щ𣬡֪ӣ֪˾ʲôһȥǷɵ
ΪʲôԾŸôƫЩ⣬ʲôˣҲɽǽˣŸǾŸ硣žŸ磬ֵƶǷǣǴģƫ̻ΪʲôҪǽһ𣿡
˵ţ򴽣Ҳ֪Щ骷½ģֻ׾Ҳ˵ʲô˵Ļ˰죬ֻܵҲ˵ҲһʱˣشˣҲǿˣǷǷǣ㻹۾ȥ𣿡
۾ƭˡɫ棬ͳ۾ϹˣҲϹˣ
΢΢һ㶣ɫɶźۼǰһشˣƸӣ֤ݻضҲ˵·ϾΣ˶֤˭δ֪Ϊʲôš
û˵꣬͵ǰһˣ骲ͼˣһֱµȥ˹ȥһץס֡
湻ġ
ҧͷ֤ݣ¶Ҳܻȥġ
ڣ¸ƨ
Ӵȥȥ㣡
㱣ס֤𣿣
ҲҳҶӣ˶ݣһȥǱ˼Զץס֤ݣô죿
ھа취ˣôˣǱץˣ㻹ܲȥ
Ѱһ֧ŵ㣬Ǻ骡⻰Ц
ȥˡ
૳
΢΢һ㶣׹骱ŵģȻһСҪס֤ݵ뷨
˷ǲľıΪҪЮ±Σδ֪
ԼľԸʲô֪ǧﱼԸȥ
ų򡭡
һҵһ֧ŵ㣬ʼ骡
Сҧأ͵ؽȳһʼͷԼ˵ˣ
䣬骾ͱ͵ˤ˵ϡ
骸չϣһѽס֣ڵϣ骿ʼסΪ·Լˣв𣿣ΪȥܾȸԪˣΪȥܰ⵹ˣҺ;ŸǴӶģҪǶǻˣǶܰ㣬˭ﲻ㣡
骽ס˶ƽǰҲΪ¹ٶǹ٣ǺҲ֪ϻһֹ٣ǹ˾˼ΪʲôôžŸ磬û㣬شˣҿԴӦ㡣
˾˼˵Ĺ٣ҲỤض״
û˵ſҲӦ㣬һȥһȥˣˣҲƽƽ
شˣ濪ڣң
骲ڵϣ֤ѹԼ¡
͸Ԫǰɽ£˿Ѿߵ˾
̲ס̧ͷϵ¡ͻȻ롪
ˮڣϣô
ǧ︰״ˡһ˶ǰУǻš˾˼
뵽˾˼骵ָ΢΢һ
ƫ
֪û취ûƫ
һ۾
ˮô죿
ѯʣڤڤ֮УԺģȴˮ˵Ļ
ϳż񡪡Ϊʲôԣ
骣ϣʲôıʲôԡ
ɱסˣҲԱס塣
ȫ֮ԡ
һȥ
ڳӣɳƳͬȥ
ϣ
˵Ҵȥشģڣ˾û¶
û˵һ·˵ƺǸˡȽ˵شˣ˵Ҳ̫ˡѼ˷ݣԼȥΪʲôѼһߣ
·Σաƽĸ岻ãܲõ̫࣬Ҳߡֻܲ
㲻ȥ֤ݻǽ˴˻ûˣ
б¡
骳°ͣЩֵף㻹ǲžŸ磬ô־ȥ
Ҳ̧ۣ㡣
㶣Ƭ̺Щ˼ֱӣڰ֣˵ǫĹٻֲ֪ô˵骼򣬸˵ģҲṼεġ
骿˵ӣǿ˹ǣЦˣŬЦݣͻȻô骣ǰҵˣ
ҲӦͬ
̵ʲôҪҵѿ骣˵ţһһŵȻңұҲ᳥Ρ
û˵úЩɬлл
骻һ·ϣɱոǿһ·ɱŽ骴˻ȥ
ȵڶ磬骻صã͹˾˼ˣϽȥ骡˶ѪǱһһſµģ˲ˣ¶Ҳ˯һ
ͷ˾˼תͷ˰ϴ˾˼ȥţס˾˼Ÿ硣
˾˼סӣ̵Ҫסش˸ڡ
˾˼㶣Ӧ뻤骣֪骶һ˶е⣬ҲǿΡǹ˾˼ͷȥš
ôţ֪һֵˣķȥʵĳŵˡ
ﰵһƽش˼أ
һѯʣ˾˼ű׹骿ڣ˵İΣʮֹؼ⡣룬ߵǰСȥ˽ӹɣ
üͷ˾˼ǰشûоԵİղغüˣǷŵҹȽϺá
ԥƬ̣ŵŸİɣ
Ƭ̺ͷСһַ
ͷˣȥЪϢȥˡ
һȥ
骷Ըͷףһȥ
骵Ļظڰ̴뿪òЪϢͬ˾˼кֱӳšٵǰ˾˼ſڵͬȥɣ
أڰ֣С£Ըȥˡ
һȥǲЩ̫дˣ
˾˼üͷشһȥΪˣмϸڵСһȥǱ˸٣ʱһѵСȥҪǳˣҲ˰æ
˰ɡ̵˵ҪǳˣһǶ
Ҹźŵ˾˼ֵ׼ˣǳ£̷źŵ
С
ͷ˹˾˼źŵͬˡ
˾˼ȥȥˣȻʱ׼š
һ·˵ķ򼲳۶ȥòУֻʱŬԼһѡ
骽˲ڽһС˵Ĵӣ㿪ʼ;·òҵؼҵĵط˴š
£ûӦЩ֣룬ǽͷһ̾סˡ
ͥԺﻹʵѪԺԸոմ򶷹򶷵ò㼤ңܱ߼ûʲô
ϽԺӣĴѰЩ˰˳ķּգϽźŵһ·źۼ׷ȥ
Էֻһ㣬ӦߵòԶһ·׷ٹȥ׷˵ֶ˵ãԷҲԲʡ͵ĵƣȵڣԷҲͷˣɴ˼ͣס˽ȥ
˾˼ʱΧŹѪ˾˼˳Щ˵ͷܣһץסǣ
˵˾˼˳ȥȻԷȴʮֺڱץһ˲Ǳ㵱ҧ˶ңû˾˼κʵʱ䣬ֱӳһʬ塣
Щ˵ڵϣתͷȥ˾˼ס
ܲˣǰȥ˾˼嵽ǰһץס״̬ԣ̵ȥʲô
׷ˡ
ǰ˾˼̵Ǻˣ
ʱ
׷ٵ𣿡
ûС
㻹׷ʲô
˾˼̧ͷŭȵǾͲ׷𣿣
˾˼û˵תȥҿȥģҪ׷ҴӦ骣ҵñסˣҾԲߣҡ

˾˼ס侲㣡
ҴӦҴӦ
Ⱳӵһ˰ңŹ˾˼Ѫ˷·Ѫˮ̳һ㣬Ѫ˿ﺬ⣬Ҳ빼
˾˼û˵ƣⱲӴûɹʲô¡Ҷ˵ҳ嶯ɵ֪
ǵһڴңŸ硣ƴҲ빼
ⲻĴ
Ǹģ
ץŵãȻĹˣСһͺˡ·ٶƼ䣬ٶྯһ㣬١
мޣ˾˼üͷ㲻мޡ
ҴӦ
Ź˾˼ڲôܴӦ
˾˼û˵
ɽ¸գﺮХ
һ˯ѹڷǰһС̴࣬ӵ˿ɻˣ
̴ûлӦǰеһӵǰ
شˣš
骿Ǹӣɫƽһͨ͸Ȼ
Цһ˺ӡ
ĸ׵ķӲķ
˵ʲô˵ʲô̴վƽͣ˵Ӧ˻˵ˣϷǷѣһ˸ش˰̫Ϳ£ش֮
ŷ΢΢
ʲôҪĶ
֪ʲô̴ƽȸԪն󣬴˻Эȥ״
ʲô
˾˼֤ݣɱ͢ҳⲻֵش׸״𣿡
̴Цشˣûһӣʮˣ͸ԪҲóΪݵĹˡ


140 
˾˼ǿн˻˼ΧѲ, , ձ, ͵, ˿̿˾˼һԲﶼ£Ҳ̲סЩǴڰΰ֮䣬л㱡
˾˼һ淭žڣһ̧ۿ, ̾˿, ȺúϢɡ
Ÿ硭, , ǲˣ
㡣
˾˼ҡҡͷÿ˶ֻھԼ, 㾡, Ǳ㹻ˡ
û˵, ˾˼֪Ȱ, 룬Ҳֻ˵һ䣺úϢҲáȥ, 㻹ȥ骣·û߾ǻ취
⻰, ӽ˽Ƭ̺ͷɳƳá
ײ£չѾĽ֮˯Ǻܿ졣
۾جج˯һʱѾص˸ۡ˾˼۾Ƭ̺֪ˣֱ
ߵûƬ̣˾˼Ϳ·ϣüͷɫƣ˾˼һ飬㿩һ£ǰǷʲô飿
شˡ
̧ۿ˾˼ҪԼؼң˵Լֻǳһˣ˱ٶѡ
⻰˾˼ɫѸȥ˵ǳ׷Լ֤˵ݣԸǣˡ
˾˼ĬƬ̣ڵ̴ȫһ飬϶ҵˡ
Ѿˡ
ڣȻ˾˽֡
ӣе͵񴿱ˣ񴿽һжҧڸԪϣӣ棬Ҳֻܴ񴿺͸Ԫ
һĽ᰸ǳ͢ͻ½ݶ֪͢˼Զûа취պ£Ǿ͸ˡ
ؼ֤֤ݣٲȥԪϲʱ
˳ĬŲ˵ʱ洫˳תͷȥ˼Զˡ
תͷȥ˼Զˣ¹ش˻ˣﻹ๫Ҫش֣֪ɷ㣿
˶˵˼Զ߽Ժӣ̾˿֮ǰشͬ˵ĸ岻ãҪͻϼһȰôżôͻȻһȥ죬¶û˰ˣ¹飬ֻˣԱشһȥء
⻰˼Ҷˣ˼ԶҪˡ
骲˵Լ֤˵ݣΪʷ˾˼ҲáҲãȷûʲôɡ
˼ԶƬ̣Щֵλô˵
ش˲Ϣ£˾˼ڿڵ岻ʣ˲
Ŷ˼Զ¶ĵıش岻ã¹ٸҪȥˣˣһ涼̫ʧ˰ɣ
⻰ڳ˶Ĭȥ˾˼˼ţҪڣͻȻڵȥͬش˵һŻϢ
˵꣬ת뿪˼ԶЦһתͷͬˣ̵ӿɶˣ
ĽŲסˣɫƽ֤ݣӳ١
֤ûأ˼Զط¶Ҫ֤ݣûʲô֤ݣ֤ȷ䣬Ҳʱ˰ɣ
ͷɣӦ
˼Զ˿¶̾ıұ֪˸߷ڣ̲˷ĵĴˡ
ûлػȭͷᲽ뿪
뿪˼Զ룬˿ɫȻɫش˻Ϣ¹ɡȵգ˼Զ¶ζЦش˿ɱټȥˡ
˵֮˼Զǣ뿪
ͥԺֻʣ͹˾˼˾˼תͷ֪˿ԩҲҪȥ𣿡
̧ۿ˾˼֤𣿡
˾˼û˵˵Ը֤𣿡
֪ǰ󷭹
Ҳ֪ǰ󷭹
侲̲£֤ݣɷɷι涨¡һ￴֤ݣһҲ֤ݡпʲôʱУҲɡдƾ£д˵ģҾ͵ƾɷ¡
Ե𣿣
˾˼̲סǷǷǣﲻ𣿣
ҵģһǶԵ𣿡
̧ۿŹ˾˼ƽ˴ˣѪĹԱǵ۾ԼԼִţ⣬Ҳ޳ɡ飬͵νֻܸе֤ݣܸδеƲ⡣˶Լ۾ԼġԼĵж˭˭ã˭ýо˭λţÿÿ˵ÿÿ˵ۣͬһˣ㿴ҿãҪо
νɷҵжϹķӣȻдȻѾõķӣҾ͵άĹһЩ˱ɷãһЩΪҵԾͿԲɷá˾˼ģ䳺ﲻһ˿ҵ壬ҵķ
ȸԪ֤
˾˼û˵˾ú󣬹˾˼̧˫ַǰϹ
Ǻ⣿
˾˼ֱˣûǴĵˡ
˵˾˼侲һȥ֤ݣˣɷ֮ڣӡ
ûгȨĬϡ
˾˼תȥûͻȻס˴ˣ˾˼ͣ²ӣͣƬ̣ɬ㣬ˡ
˾˼û˵Ƭ̺תͷЦЦǣ˵û
ңкܺõδΪõһˡ
˾˼˵꣬һᲽ߳ȥ
˾˼ʱ骵ӡ
ʰɫƽƺѾԤϵ¡
վſڣ骵ıӰþúɳƳԲ𡣡
骶˶٣Ƭ̺̾Ϣ㾡ˣˣ㲻Ρ
Բ𡭡ŵͣԲ𡭡Բ𡭡
骶ʰȥˣֱתͷͣſڵꡣ
ͬһûгĺӣ͵ͳҭ
骾עþúߵǰݸһº͵Īˣûֻǡ
˵ţ骿Ц̫ᡣ
͹˾˼֪ϵܻʲô̶ȡǲ֪жǵˣ֪ϴôж͡㾡ˡǰ
ԥƬ̣ڻЦͱԪҲġ
ʱҡԪкüѣһͬεݡ
˵ţ̧ͷԶɫŻʱ򣬶ŴһʮǰһϰλԱ
סˣЩ죬޷骺͸ԪȻҲ
骣ƽҺͱԪǹλ͵ģҲ٣ʱˣÿѪۣνƺˮݰչϺӡǲһϰԱˣɱ֮֮һλ骿Цԩȥƹǣһ·˶˶µĴš
ȻأЩ㶣ЦЦº͵Ȼµ˳ʱǶ죬ҹ˴ѩҵʱ򣬡骶˶٣תͷȥʣʬѩѾ׽ˡ
û룺ǣһλأ
û˵þúЦһλҺ͸Ԫּ٣նˡ
㡭
۾ŤͷŴ⣬ʱ֪ѾˣͶ״ˣһ
ֵܡ
૳ɳƵ֪ġ
Ϊ֪еʱ˵֪ҲԸ⡣ֻһ£Һ͸ԪһӣüǵΪζ
ҺͱԪݣ躹ޣ׼˶ʮ꣬һһӼǵôҺͱԪѾûʲôػա˼ҺͱԪҲԼĳŵ
֤һ㡣骱ۣʹһǺù˾˼׼ãһ׼УݱضҡǴˮܻǿ쵶ն飬ǵľֻһ¡
ʲô
סԪ骻ͷɫ棬ҿҵĺѾúˣĸҲѾˡɱԪһкӣмͥϣܺúûš
Ǵȹ˾˼ն˸Ԫվ֤˵Ǵɱ˸Ԫʱ˼ԶƻƼ˳ȻԴ⵹˾˼һǺ֤ǿ׼ʱ֣ʱϡ
أ
㶿ڣ𣿡
һ׼¿ʼƽѾܲˡ
ֻ˵骿ЦûԼȥ£е̫ˡ
û˵һѣˣˣȥҹ˾˼ɡҲϲС˵
ôһƣǰȥ
С꣬
Ժص໰ѧոţաɽˡԱ
ʦˣصıǳŵ
Ҳͬ˵͸Ԫһŵһؾһ
һŵʮأηοˡ
ͣſڣԺ骵ĸףǸŮִ飬ڲʱ򣬻˵Сʱ
骹ȥֽȣһλڡ
ҪԪţΪûиԪǣҶࡣ
أ
һĸţֵܽãһΨһǣҡ
ԺһǵһμʱմѪ˾ֻ̿֡
ŲɵЦˣֱӵɱ˰
ﲻ˵ߵǰһš
˵һζ˵Ѫϣϴɾġ
㶣̧ͷ쿴
лɳƳлл
뵽һлл̲סЦˡ
ΨһǣңҲ㲻ǣңͷʵҲֻһллǶѡ
ûǹҲܻúܺãȥȻһȥӦ
˾ƽġ
Щ̧ͷᶨ˵
˵꣬󲽿˳ȥЩãȻ嵽ǣһƥ˳ȥ
һɡظŵſڣͿ˳ȥ㲻ɵЩɻˣôȥʲô
أӡҲҶСŲˡ
ЦЦº͵չġ
ڷһ̣ͻȻԼһֲһ
֪ɽϻµ˽֪֪ɽлȴִǰеˣŽ¸ҡ
ֻͻȻеź
ȥһҶϣ˵仰ЦһЦ
ͬҶ˵ġ
ҵһμѽ;ÿˡ
ͷ˵ллһ˲䣬ҾĶˡ


141 
ȥ·ս, 㴵һ, ֱһؤվ, ȥ, ˼ԶĶȥˣ

ؤӦǻؼˡ
ͷ㵱ûҡ
˵꣬ͳؤָķ˹ȥ
·ٶȺ;룬·Ϻ͹˾˼ŵ˽˵ԼһЩªرĹߡ
Ѵ󵶣ֽ϶˶̵мϻ͹, ǰ嵽˼Զؾ֮·ϡ
һ۵, ȷû·֮, ڵϿʼªĻءӡʯͷȶ׼֮, ſǽߵš
ҹˮʪ, ſ֮, һǱšͻȻԼ·ص˻û˾˼ʱ, ʱһ߽, ܸ֮⣬ûѣҲûˡܸﲻʲôæ, Զǹ¹µһˡ
ɱ̰٣ɽˣһ˽ٸƶ, 
һƥǣ׺־޹硣
͹˾˼ϣԭ磬ôλ֪ǹһ˷ܶ硣
صĵӲЦεҲͬ˲š
ѣй˾˼Ÿ磬ǡҶΪͣ½ŲĳȻϲһպ󽨹ҵȢ
·һΣȻһĴһһ罽ʱ
һжǻΣԶ벻ȦӣԶֻһƥǡ
ѧ˹ٳϵ̣ʲôûУеģֻĵ
óģǵһһʿ
óġ
ѹӣ˼Զ߹гֻϢ˹˻ܱϡ
׼õӺ󲻾ãˣ
ִ̧˻֮ɿ콫üסЩ˵ȥ·һֳ侲Ѫˮڵӿȥҵźŵɵϣء
һƬ֪
ⱲӣΨһõ£ɱˡ
Ѹ꣬һ֮󣬶ԷûӦֱӴӷϳȥ䵽˼Զ֮ϡ
һ֣˼Զ˼Ƶֻܹ䵽ϡ
ɨһܱߣڵ˺ԮҪʱ䣬γɱ
һ죬ǿ϶ԷһҪԷС
ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬˼ԶĳһսʮŵøϽԭ·ȥ
ʱһնһͷ­׷˹ȥ̧ӵֱֱᴩؿڣͬʱ粼úõ֮ϣ˻һ֮󣬺ݺˤ˵ϡ
ŵ˹ȥȾѪϴŴСС˿ڣõӣŴ
˼Զڲƺ¼ˡ
֣˼ԶµҵѾȥˣҪ̣͹˾˼ܲ
ûֱӰϳһֵͽ˿˹ȥ
˼Զ֮УȻƹӣбԵ˹ȥ
һ·ãڷһҼƫƧӡ˼Զ⻧а۲Ƭ̣ȷӵĲֺͼ⻧˼˯ţֱ֮Ӵ˼ңȻס˫ۣŽ˼Զ˽
⻧˼ƣһƽѣ˼ԶϵؽѣȻ˰ϣ۾óֱ˼Զϡ
˼Զѣѹ̴ҰĶȥˣ㲻Ҫˣ
ٶһҾնһָ
⻰˼Զһž˼ԶҲǼˣѸ侲Ȱ֪ǱƼˣ¶ǲ̸˾˼޺ûƺӣҲǲܽܣǲ䡣ұϾǳ͢٣㣬ҳ£մɣҪġ
˵һھƣ˼Զ˵Ϊ˵Ȱڷңұ̡֤ҹ˾˼Ҫ̸ʲôҶԺ޻ƺҾԲ֪ˣʹܲڡ
骼
ֱӿڣ˼ԶƬ̣ǿЦ⡭Ķ
û˵꣬˼Զ͸оʲôĶָ׷֮С
֪𣬡ᣬǰɽˣҼܶѶˣкַܶӣõǰָס
򡭡ˡ˼ԶƽˣʹˣţӦòԻ鷳ʵϵ㣬ˣСҾ㣬͵ش˼Զָ⣬ͬʱһĨֱӶ½˼Զʹĺȫ˻ȥش˵ļˣ
 
˼ԶϮͷźŵ˾˼鷿Ű취ȻźŵתͷȥЩļҵźţ
źŵֶҪ̻Ƴɣвͬıʶƽչ˾˼ȻҲڳźŵģȴͷһΡϾڳﶯ֣Ԯ̫죬ʲô
ľ˾˼ôʣ̵ȥ
˵꣬ľϱ˳ȥȥûã˾˼洫ٵĽŲӵүˣ˼Զˣ
ʲô
˾˼͵̧ͷ𾪣˵˭˭ˣ
ڲ֮ǰҵ˸ң˵˼ԶȥȻǽ˵Щұ㣬ŵſڣͿ˼ԶźŵԮȥˡ
˹ȥ˾˼̵ץ
Ѿ˹ȥˣ˵ţЩΪѵţ¶Ҫǲǲ̫׵
˾˼ôѣ㷴Ӧ
ˣȥ˼Զ˼Զûǳ͢٣ڹԱûκ֤ݻȥɱԱպ˼ԶҲ
֣պƳȥ˵һ˵¡һԮǾָʹ¡
ûкҪˣҵˣҲ˵ǵû
ԥŵ˼ҾãүӦˡ
ΪʲôһȥΪʲôһԵȥ
Ϊ˲ǣ֮ҪְԼ͵ٸȥ
˾˼֪˼̲סȭͷӣʲôӿ۵ۿ
ȥҡ
ɳƳҵ
ǡ
ȥң
˾˼Ҳô룬Ҳô룬˾˼ŻӣҧҲһȥЩ¡ȥҵȣҴ
Ź˾˼Ļһڵǡ
Ȼ߳ȥ󣬹˾˼վԭأú͵ȥжӿҷڵء
ոѶϹյſڣͿ˾˼˶㶣˾˼̧ͷôˣ
˵¡
򴽵ҹʡ
˾˼Ӧһʼʰ˻֣˱㶼뿪ȥŹ˾˼һƽôˣ
Լȥ˼ԶűҲˡ
û˵ڵϣһʰŶ·ʰ˾˼һƬҵġ
㶯ȣ˾˼˰׵ҵĶЩ¹ΪƺҲĳ
ڵϣɳų㣬˵Ϊʲôûκθıأ
ֶס˾˼̧ͷۿΪʲôҾȲĲһһ
ΪʲôôɵĲҪȥˣҪȥĵ壬ôôɵôͲף˾˼Ҳסʳֻлţа취ȥ
ôȰסأ˾˼۾ȥ˱ڻ˾˼ӣ·ҵΨһ̣ôҪһȥӢۣһȥ£ôͲٵȵȣٵȵȣһа취أ
ôһҪѡһ·
û˵ıôͣһҪһأ
Ϊºͳֵܡ˼̾Ƕһˡ
˭ѺõĶԷ˭۱ˡ
˭ŶԷ˭öԷúõġ
˼ܻа취ֻҪȥһжתҵţ
˾˼û˵þúӦá
ɳƵȥ
㡣
ס֣߬ģµġ
˾˼һڳӣվȻ֣Ҳ
ӣ˾˼ᣬҪ˵洫˹ٱһŭȳ˾˼
˾˼һ䣬ֱ侲Щ
˾˼ͷ˳ȥ㿴һվȥʮ˾˼ϳ˼ԶĶҴڶְͬһչҲҵ˾˼ɫȻкιɣ
ٴװͿˣŭҸװˣٽְܳ͢Ʒ󳼣ĵӣ˴ˣĳȰҪӣܳ͢˭𡣡
ˣ˾˼죬ƽճôһˣܰˣ
˾˼
ǰԱסܼң侲
˵ţ˱ǰŹ˾˼Ҿ˴ˣأҼҹʧ٣нʧ֮٣
޷
˾˼䵭ֻǱٵ治֪ںδѴǹ٣ܱٹϽҴˡ
˴ˣЦЦʵ֪Ӳȥȱ裬ֻҪƽǺȲѣʲô¡
⻰˾˼ףصòֻҪ˼ԶǾͿԲ¡
˾˼򴽣ԥƬ̣ڵٵ治֪䡣
㡭˾˼Ļֻ˵һԡ
⻰ɿڵ˼˿һҼҹӣ
˾˼˵ͷغ֮󣬱뿪뿪󣬹˾˼̽ˣʼĴѰ
˿ңɹ˾˼ףȻˣҪҵ̫ˡ
ʱԽ˼ԶĻԽС˼ԶˣҲͱסˡ
ǹ˾˼ЩϤˣֻڴϣԭʼķʽ
˳ǣȥȻ˼ԶһΪ֤ݣ̫Զ
ǹ˾˼ڴϣһһֺֽȥ
һ¾ûоͷһһصڽϡ˿ں󣬽⿪ǻ˵ӣ˼ԶѾʬ壬֤ݣӡ
˼ԶʬһӣȻ
Ѿˣɻִź
ۿһȣͷȥҴ뿪
Ȼƺ֣ڽӡ졢ӡ㡭
һһ


ǲ㲻ܵġ

ЩоԼ·ҹ꣬Щ̲סȥ
ϵ˺Ѫ
ЩסˣⷭһҾƹݡҹƹѴȣ˾˿ڽȥ
Ȼ洫˹˾˼
ɳƵģƺ˺Ѫž;ۡ
ں


ס˶洫ƣĽŲƺſڡ
˾˼ˡ
˴ҹЩ߲ˡҾƹſڿŴţЪϢƬ̡
Ȼȥ󲻾ãһŸ硣
˾˼͵ֱӣҪڣ𶯣ҾˡЩ˵
˾˼ٶ֪֣ǿнţһȥֻȰ˵Һ˵ˣֻҪ˼Զһм̡
ˡ
ڣ˾˼ԭأٵʱ򰾲סȥˡʳش˼˵λãȥˣ֮ǰһ͵˸ţš£µİӣ֤һ㲻Ҫżˣݱˣٶ֡
˵ţ˶١
˿ڣ¹˾˼еƬ̣ڵ㲻ҪֳңһжҸɵġǻΪõ֤ݻû㣬ƴ׷ɱң⼸ʱ䣬ݱͿԶˡ
أ
˾˼Űϡ
һη֣ҲǺܴġ
Ҳܰã滮ãȥߡŰϣƵȥ
˵ţ˾˼Ҷϸˣ㲻ȥ𣿡
Ҷϵ֣һ˲㱣Ƭ̺ҿͺˡ
£˾˼̲ס˿ֵܰ㿴ģ
˾˼Ŀǻ͵Цˡ
Ÿ磬ƽ͵ǲΪҿˣ
ûС
˾˼ҹ
Ÿ磬ͷڵ춥Ҫˡ·ѡˣҲڡʵһǺܸ˵ģǣôңҺܸˡ

Ÿ磬º͵лл㡣
˾˼û˵ȭͷԼúŵ˵ллңҪ˵һ档
ûлػ
˾˼зţ
ûлӦ˾˼͵վż߿˴ţ
ڿյһƬֻżһһѹŵĹʡ
Ǹǹ˾˼ģյʱԸţ˾˼壬ȥҲ԰ڵʱ
˾˼֣ȾѪĹʡ
Ŵſڣãȴһ仰˵
룬˾˼ֽҳɡ
ھƹվ˺ܾáҵʱѾˡ
㿴˾˼վǰȥô
˵ţһ۵ϵѪѸٵˣأ
ˡ
˾˼ɳƳ
㶣ܿ侲˾˼ⲻ̵ֻҪžУȻȥɡ
˵ţ˾˼˾˼һֱû˵˸ۡյۡľϾ͸ˡ
˾˼̧ۿľϣľСش˵ļҵˣ类͵ţѾˣô죿
⻰תͷΪ˾˼
˾˼˫£䣬֤ݣ۾
˼
Щ죬˾˼ڿڣƹȥ̳ǣȥ˾ݾǧ
˵ţۣ⣺£Ҫˡ


142 
ȥͨ˾˼ʱ, ˴ˮ, ׼ԡ¡
˴ˮʱ, ˾˼, ֽҳϹʣЩ˼ԶйģǩֻѺ滹Ѫϣ£ĹԱԿԱ, ȫվһؼ, Ƭ, Сٳ, ɺӷ塣
¡ԡ
ĸ弸ѳеĹλͲҵ, ݵĹԱ, ޲Щڡ
ݵݸ, ĹԱ, ͵оԱվӣϣǳ͢ĹԱǵعԱ, һ⣬ȫ
˾˼ҪЩˣЩ˷µ, ˵ҪٳҪһ顣
ǻ
˾˼غһŽ߽˾˼һߵº͵ڿЩʲô
˵ţɨһϵĹʣݸ˾˼ŽţվżݹѰ죿
Ѱ졣
˾˼ֱӿڵ֪ĹԱѰ죬ûȻôࡣЩԱˣˡ
ļ磬Σ
˾˼ûгŵܲˣ
˼Զһö
˵ţ˾˼۾ֻ˼Զﶨˣл·
أ
˾˼û˵
죬ôԵƴûЩ֤ݣôشյѯ
ЩԱѣֲݴһӣ뿪֮Щֻܿݲκθı䡣
ɰ죬ô죿
ôˣ˭£µһúã
涯ôˣ˭ִУ
˾˼۾ЩƣˮˣѶһ˾˼ͷվ˾ϴ衣
ǰùĹʣһ֪˾˼Ĺǣú󣬹˾˼ӾҳŵʵҲöˡ
˼ŵ永̫㣬򶫶һ⣬ûǣˣֻҪɷ𼴿ɡһǮܽ⣬ҲͲؽš
˾˼û˵⣬˼ţϾҪǣοƿ֮󣬳͢ˣʱжЩ˷ĹԱˮܣһһ׳ӡ
˾˼룬ʵ˵ҲĲࡣ
һôԱʵֻȴӵһȻ
ֻûҪöԷǮԥһ󣬲ŵǮĻǲýܡ
ڰ˵ǮĹϱʧȥˡ
˵ͷȷģͬһ¡⣬ǱҪ֡
˾˼ӦһȰ˾ݵıʱʩӦӡ
˵ţʹͨ˵ˡ˾˼æף˳ȥ
鷿Ź˾˼˾˼֮󣬳˸񣺡ˡ
Һ£
ɫƽ˾˼ǲɢˣͬľϷԸȥѲһȦȷûκβ˵λúŹš
ˣ
üͷ˾˼ţСҹҵˡ
΢΢һ㶣̷Ӧ˼Զأ
ˡ
⻰һˣ
õ֤ݡ˾˼Сڣ˼ԶˣĹʣǾɽЩȫ֮ϸ֤ݡ
ˣ
ֱӿڣ˾˼Ʒ϶ʮһ
ĹԱҲӽ٣֣Ĭȥ˾˼̧ۿΪΣ
ҵûض
ֱӵѲܽ
ܻء
˾˼ϿڣѾɱ˼Զ˿ĹԱضľԱһκ춯¾ͻᶯ֡ضǾֱӸѾõ֤ݶ֪Լûӣǻ𣿡
Ĭȥ˾˼ŵѾȥ˾ݵ뵽ľ棬˾ݱ±֮ڣ˾ݱӦᵽǰգ˾ݱˣǱֱʼ참
Ǳµ
ӽ
⻰룬ڵδ㣿
װ֪¡˾˼참Ҽ͵պ󡪡
˾˼̧ۿ˲ˣ˾ݱ
˾˼ϣ룬ڵ
Ҳ֪
˾˼ֻϣһаá
˾˼꣬˫Իȥ󸵱Ԫİӣ˾˼˵
ȵ磬ҵ˼Զ̵ĵطȻ˳Ѫҵ˼Զʬ塣ʬ屻ûյֻʣһ߹Ǽӣֻܸȱһλȷݡȷ˼Զ󣬱Լͬڹ˾˼ſڣ˵Ҫһݹ
վſڳ£˾˼ûгȥվſڣһŭȡ
ˣ˾˼ɱˣɱƷ͢ԱΪ
£ͷϹŰײ۵ձ뽫˾˼ѺץˮʯȻǾͲˣ
ԣվںһ󺰣ˣҪ
֤ݡɫ䵭㶣ʲô
˵˾˼ɱˣ֤ݡͣʱŭˣˣɱˣ֤ݣôץˣҸʬ塭ʬ塭
ʣԱæο˻ڵҸҲȷˣ㹻ץ˾˼𣿡
ȥǳ͢١ƽڣǹū˾˼͹ϵ
ˣܼؿڣƽվͺ͹˾˼һ˾˼ָӣ˵ǲͣδ̫ǣǿ
˵̧ͣۿأ֤ݡ
ر졣ǰһŭȳӦΪ˺ѵ㻹֤ҸҸ𣿡
ѵҪ𣿡
üͷ¶Ҫ֤ݣҪȷԼӹϵѵҪ֤
⻰һǰ˫£ǰƽĳ£ɷʵ֤ƾ£һǶ븵ԪһйأǷȫѺ
˲˵ˣƬ̺ŵ˾˼ȷйϵⲢ֤ǹ˾˼ָʹɱˣ˾˼Ѱλ仨ʱȥ׽һȻˮʯ
⻰˶һۣƬ̺˵ĻҲ
Ҫ£͵͵һСӦҵ
򴽣Ƭ̧̺֣תȥ˴Ҵ뿪
ͬ·ϣС͹˾˼ӣõ֤ˣ֤Ӧûϡ
˵
ؼҹ˾˼Ӧ˰ȥ骵ļҾ졣ҹһȥ骵ļҾġ
һˣתͷŭҲ˵Ҫ˵𣡡
û뵽ô죬ظϽҹҶҴˣֱͲһˣˣôĵӣһȥˣ
Ƕ˿ء
ʮ
ʮʮ˻˷ˣ
ģ̵ˣ׷ȥˡ
û˵ؼ骾ֱӳҲֻǰһʱܺ͹˾˼н˾˼ҹõ֤ݣվ͸뿪ˡ
¶ǹܲˡڣƬ̺룬ǵȥܱ߸פ̽̽һյκϢһأ񡣡
סӦ¡
ôһκ󣬱˳ˡ
˾˼͵˾ݾϹһ·׷ɱţ¼̸
ʱ˽µ·һ·߲ݣӱޣ˰ӼϻȥȻ͵ˡ
ɱһһ׷˶ǰһʱɵһɱ֣ײײ
֪ȥ
ʧѪЩɣ˿ڣججǰߡ
֮˸ͣڿӿݵʯϣˮЩ䡣
ã߲ˣ̱˵ϡ
һƬɣ֪ԼʲôǵԼʲôҪǵˡ
ڵϣоѪȥ֪ԼǲҪˣоֻۣ䡣
ԱԶԶϡС˵
С㣬´˿ôˣƴҲչӣ˵ˣҪˡ
С˵꣬һƽ
ǸЩϤ
ʵֹϤ
Ӧ˼ĺ룬ҹʱʱ̿ŵһ
ͬ˵Цˡ
Ǹ˵ţܵҵ¶æţҲܱ˲ǣ
˵ţЦҲ֪ôˣ
Ҷϡ
﻽
͵ʹϢţѾûоԼĻѾ뿪壬ԹһУȴ޷ٿһ㶯
ˣĻ
˵ˡ
˵Ǹçײӣݲ֪ûи㴳
Ҳصģˣй˾˼ţֵܴһӡ
˵ʵҲǣֻİޣȱѡ
Ҷϡ
߹﷢һǳ͵ʡ

ҡ
ǾȾҡ
ǿҡ
룬ˣڴˡ
δչ˶չһ档
ûͣ·ʱ⣬·ˣͣЪǰתѪ֮
ˮ£ʹ۾ȻҲһ̣ͣ

Ҷ̽ͷȥüŵϵЩԥǲиˣ
˵ţҶϴ̽ӣɡ˳ߵǰ
ڵϣͷסݣҶϽɡϣº͵Ƿ
û˵ԱѾ׷ڵˮϣͷԼЬӱɫѾ߾һֵ̿Ѫ
˵ţѾץסҶϣæС㣬˷࣬߰ɡ
Ҷüͷϸ˿Ƭ̣ŷȫ˿ڣԥƬ̣ڻǾת
ֻһ⵹ڵϵĿˣȡ˵ˣԼ鷳
Ȼתһ˲䣬Ǹһֱܶˣȴþȫץסȹǡ
ץúᣬ³һڡ
Աò̫Ҷȴ
УҶϡ
˻뺬ȴϤɫ
𾪻ͷŵ˵ȫˡ
æɡȥ˵
Ѿ־£æҶϵС㣬ССģ࡭
û˵꣬ҶϱѾͷȾѪݡ
һЦݡ
ô
Ҷ𾪿ڣشˣֻĿת
ֱϵĶֲ̧һָǿôѪָ⣬ָ
ָһֱڲҶϴָ⡣
Ȼû˵ȴԾɶ˼
Ц֪
˵ǣ㡣
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô֮ʣѾ־壬ҪҶԶ
ٶɣʵֻΪһ¡
㡣
Ҷûȥ


143 
ʱѾˡû, ŵϤİ̴㡣
Ժ۾, ɴƮ֮, һŮӱڲԶ, ڷڵͷдʲô
ԼҶϽӵˣ
̧ͷҶϣҶϼ, ϽͬѾߵ, и
˵, ҶϱԸȥ׼, ȻͬɾúЩ
˵ͷ, оԼ˿Զ, ̧ͷһ, ϳҶϵĹ뷿, ʲôʱˣ
쵽ʱˡ
ҶϿ˿ɫ˵ŻҶææ˽, Žſڣ㼱
˵ţǰ, ̵ǳˣ
ͷͷ㽫֮ҵ빬һˡ
˵ƽƽȵûаֵЦЩɵûˡ
üǳȣ˿ڴģƺϵʹĲ˵ġ츲صı仯
ҶҶ϶㶣Ƭ̺ҶӦ˵ͷȥˣϢ
Ӧһû˵ҶԥƬ̣ڻʲôû˵ת˳ȥҶˣҶϴԱ߶ԥƬ̣ڵιɣ
ҡҡͷ֣Ҷùһˡ
ŵϣ͵˵˾䣺л
ˡ
Ҷ̲ס˿ڣʲôƢ
㶣üۣʲôû˵
ҶЦˣվȥݵѧ˺ôƢ˵ˡаɣЪţҲϹˡ
˵ţҶϱתҪߣͷڿڵ
Ҷ϶סӣԥƬ̣ڵֻţ㻹Ǹδ޵Ĺù˼
Ҷû˵þúǹ˼㵱Ҷҹȥǡ
Ǹ
СҶӣƬ̺һתͷݵôˣ
Ƚһ˵ɣ̾һЩˣЪ
˵ţ۾ǲ˵ˡ
ҶϱվһƬ̺ڻǻصԭȵϣͷȥˡ
˵ۿ
һ·Ѫɱͬǰɴţ˷·硣Ҳˡ
ԼضҪʲô
˾˼ݣɱˣһҪҹ˾˼鷳ģôˡҪ֮ǰð齲Ҫ÷֪ݵ׷ʲô
õʱ֪ݾôưոݣ֪ݵĹԱһΨһģǻضԮ
һ飬ʱҶҲŽˡӲŽţֱӵ˵ô
Ѿѻ˳ˣ˵ˣһҶϡҶϸϽվſȥ棬˿ڲ裬ƽȽݵԭԭ˵һ顣
˵֮Ҷ𾪣źСȣǳ˼
ȻѾˡ̧ۿɫ䵭ʲôǰԶһЩ˵Ĵɱ
ҡҡͷҲǰҵģ濴Žӣġ
ӳܵҶҴſʲôֱȥ˳츮ſڰѴһãһɱ˼Զⲻ͹ˣ
ˣȳ֪çײ˾Ÿ磬Ӧ֪ҲһҪ߱£ݷʲôõǷʲôܷ䣬Ҳ޿ܡڴ֮£ҲľŸһǱߡϣһʥĻᣬ˵֮·
Ӳ˵ˣҶ˰죬̲סô죿
Ľɱˣɱ˾ɱˣһطߺһص˼ԶֱԽɱ˼ԶҲӡ
ҶʻЦЦɫº͵ҲûʲôԴ̣Ҳûʲôģ¡
ڳ˶û˵Ƭ̺󣬽ֱӵˣȥšӦܼ¡
ӦһվҶ˳ȥǳȥҶվſڣͥԺá
һֱûɵõҶϣ
Ҷϻعæģ
ŰɣڴϣЩƣ䡣
ҶӦһ߽һƬ˺þú΢ҲЩʱգú𣿡
á
ҶϿЦˣ̾һǾͺá
ϸдţŴûп
ˡ
ҲûһšЦҶΪûյ
ˡ
Ҷץűʣ㶣úʲôˣ
ҾʣҲ֪Ϊʲô;ۿЩˣǰ֣ɻҪݣúòá
û˵ˣþúŵҹúã㲻õġ
볤õһҶӣڵ˵̫ˡǰҾɣ̫ߴߴ㲻ߴߴˣﵽѹúܡҶŬۣҼ䣬˵ЦҲɡ
û˵Ŵ
ҹţҶˣͬ˵һ˵ԸǷ˼
˻һӣϲһˣû߹Ҳδ̫ǵϣڴϣԼĿǻȥԼֵ֪δͻȻá
Ҳ˵ˡ
˵ˣģû˽ͽѹ
ûģи̣ǸӣպҲΡ
ףϲһˣ᲻Ƭ̣ΪԼģǸǲɡ
û˵þúҶϵʵһ̣һȣа취ˡһҪԸȥ骣ȸԪΪʲô
˵Ĳˣ
û˵
˺þãҶӣڵףǾãԸҲû˹νˣǰɣ
Ҷϡ
Ҷ̲סˣԵĿǻѲܣ
ûйˣû˹յ䣬Ȼһ뿪
ԼشҶϾ;ܡ
治Ϊʲôֻۣ֮飬ϸ벻ֻһ̾ţˣ̫ˡ
Ҷϵð죬Ц
ôһޣҾеˡ
ӯƣǲǻúܣ
Ϣɡ
ҶϾԼʧ̬ٴȥһҪúЪš
˵꣬Ҷ˱㼱ææ˳ȥ
ȥݶûһ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˯˶ãӺҶ»Ǳ·ȻСΣֱӸ̧
ϻˣ߶ֻΪֻ˴ˡ
һ·̧ȱȥ
üͷ̵عˣ˵ɡ
л¡
ƽȣ´ú̾˿˵ѣȴҲû뵽ӡݵ˸ţϸ˵ɡ
Ӧ㽫ϸ˵һ飬ϱ鲻󿴵ó˶оŭۡ
˵󣬷ڵɱȻһ
£˵ϣһηûȵɱǲԼԸһе¼¡
ݣ
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лҪ˵Ү V


144 
ʱ˾˼ͺһ, αװʲô֪, һ, һ޺ӵ
, ޺Ҫġ֪˾˼ĴѸٽȫһֿ⣬̫
˾˼ţֻҪסֻҪ˾ݱһͼ̶֣ʼݡ
, ˾, ӱ޲, ˾ݺ, ֪ͨ¹Ա, õ, , һ, Ȼ˾ݱо಻һհ룬һ, ֻգɵȵ˾ݱ
Ȼ˾˼գȴ㶯, ɵЩסˣ㵽˾˼ȥˣˣźѹ㲻˵պ˾ݱ͵أ
ٵȵȰɡ
˾˼üǱ̫߰
ڵȣ
Щˣ참꣬ǳ֪Σƣżǰ첻ˣһգǾǶһΣա˾˼ǵ취ߡ
ҲΪҲ룿
˾˼ҲЩͷۣôˣңֻҪκ춯Ǿͻ֪Ѿõ֤ݣʱǹǽǲһ߲ˣ
ɱղ󳼱Ͼߵ·˭ߡԷȷҪʲôٲ
֪˾˼˵ʵȻЩŬԼҲһֱȥ˾һֱȻǳ£иޡ
˾˼û˵򴽣Ƭ̺ڵǱ׼ãȵգ˾ݻǾԼߡ
˵ͷ³̣㰲һЩ
֮󣬵ȵҹ˾˼վͥԺһ£ͷڣ˫ָ󣬾¹µĺ㡣
һƺĹâͣڳȣĹ˾˼һĪĸп
Ĺ˾˼ȣѾһˣƺѾһλӣһλʿֹݣɫȡһվƺܼɽӣŽɽ
˾˼ˣתͷȥվڳȶЦš
°ﱧһů¯ȥֳȡ
˾˼ЦЦʱģ˵
ͥԺ࣬ͬһͷ͸ļ϶ϵ¡
Ҳ㲻Ҳ֪һ𣿡
ºͣվЩʲô
Ҳûʲô˾˼ǿգôãҲûкúÿҹţݵ죬ƺȶöࡣ
Ȼƺ޺ˣº͵һգרŹһݡ
˾˼û˵תͷ⽫˼֣ˣ
㣬˾˼ǿЦɫΣƺˡ
⻰ȴЦˣҼɾִʲôˣ
˾ݱû
˾˼ЦңҸٲ峿Ǳߡ
ͷʾףˣҲ
˵˵˾˼סɫԺǵ룬Ҷûһӣġ
ɾסĻ̾һȥס˹˾˼ֺ֡ůů¯£ͻȻůͷյ֣û㣬û㡣
˾˼Щ죬̧ۿüۣ㣬ôϲһˣһԼɾԼҵڻͷǰЩ뷨ھҲãһõĸҲãҵɾ߹ٺ»ҲãǶڳɾͱ˵ԼġΪϻţȴ㡣㣬ٻһ𣬿һǳɾ͵ģԼǶԷᣬѾǸˡ
˾˼ǰˣ˵֪ȣЦЦֵҵҲ˵𣬡ͷɫмֻ㣬һġ
ٵȣΪҪһȪʱҲ֣
һ㣬͵ڡһ¾͸һ
˾˼ЦͷƺǾԼΪĻЩ˼ǰһ֣ס㡣
һỤ㡣˼ּҵҲҪúû㡣
ɵӡ
Ц
˿ɫıȥɣ
˾˼Ӧһſ֣һ˵ЦŻݡ
˾˼Ҳ֪ô˵ôһȻҲͲˣ˯һȵڶſڴͷѯҽտʲôҪעģ
Ҳûʲôˣ˾˼룬ʲôʲô̫н˷춯ҲûʲôҪʰģ峿ڣֱ߾ˡ
šӦ˾˼ͻȻֵǶһ˾ݱˣǻһӡ£˾˼ſͷϣͷЦʱһһʱϵߵġ
⻰Цˡ
áҲ¡
ʲô㣿
˾˼°룺ȥͷɣҴͷҪǳ£ҲܵÿЩ

˾˼Ѹٳһ£һۣˣ棬ȥ
˾˼ЦǺǿ˽ˣſʼϴϴϺ󣬱Էֿ˾˼Զ󣬹˾˼룬ǽľϽ˹ͬľϵѰȥŷˡ
ľ㶣Щǵ˶ˣǡ
޷
˾˼ҡҡͷԸܻԸ˳ײ˷˲ǡȻ϶ˡ
ľӦ˳뿪ȥ˾˼ſڿԶ˻ȥ
кһƿƿ޹ϣȻִ˶̽ϣųӵȥ๤
˾˼ź󲻾ãյϢϢˣҲˣ²ɣ
ӣعϢ˾ǱѾѹ˾˼αն·ϣǴӦ˻֪£Ҳ˵ˣ˾˼Ǳ¸ģ¶ˣǶÿЩ
ͷؿһۣԥŵչ˾˼պҲû̴ӣҲͬ˵ˣֻҪڣһ̶֣֣
û˵þúһְɡ
ص⻰Ӧȥ
ȥ̧ѹס΢΢֡
¡
Լ
ûʲô¡
ݣһһһֱʮǰŪһˣһ·Ҷʮ꣬ʮҲԡ
 
˾˼ںӵæµһϣǰȥԷٻ๤һںӵϣͺӹһ졣
Ϊڣһμ޺ӹķʳû˿ۣͷ͹˾˼ġ
Ҽϱرף˴ˣϱײװ
ӹЩ˾˼˾˼ҧһͷŵװĶв׵ϱǰҲ飬˸ҹҷԡ
йܶϱ
ӹɴۣпǮ˼ҹȻǲһҪҲϱôңҿɲÿ״Ԫ
˾˼⻰ɵôЦǰʱȥ¥ŵȥˣߡৡĹȥˡ
⻰ڳһƬ꣬׷˵ϱǲˣи˴˿϶ϲϱ
ţ˾˼üô㻹ϲ
ԱһϵĺӹЦˣȫȻϲô𣿡
û˵꣬ԶӵϾ˾˼üͷվߣȥ
һȺ˸Ź˾˼߹ȥ˾˼ºӵ̣һŭ𣺡ɱ˹˾˼ѹȰա̰٣
Ǻ˵˵ʲô
Ź˾˼һȺüͷ˾˼һ𣬱֪ãͬԱһϽȥ֪ͨˣ˵ڳƻǰ
⻰Ȼ׹˾˼˼ȴ̵ǡ
˵꣬תܿȥ
ƽվ͹˾˼򽻵˾˼֪Ƣ֣СʱǸ·߻죬Ϊ˸βĺӹ󣬵ݣܵر졣˾˼ˣһܣܿ
һͬʱ˾˼źӵϳȥ˷׷˾˼׼һ·񱼵ӵϣֱӳ˳ȥ
֪ͷȻȫˣܽ˴ȥɴֱӳ⣬ֱӳ˳ǽ֡տ˽׷ţȴԽ׷Խ١
һ׷ŵȫźӹ·׹ֱӴɱǲҵģΪ͢ҪһΪɱЩ鷳ʹˡ
αӢ޺ıң֮ղǾ̫ˡ
뷨˾˼һسǣ㣬óһƿӣźˣŷƣȵ˳ʱס͵ؽЩҩһ
ҩǵط˹ȥЩ׷˶ʱ˾˼ȥ˽ȥԶЩƨ͵һܾǰȥ˾˼ѸϣȻû˶ãͿЩ׷
˶߹ˣ˾˼ϽʼͷķϹȥһ·һͬķ߼Ȼ·˺ɲһƬȥαһ򡣵Ⱥûʲôӣ㽫ϵ´һ·ӡ
һ·Ҳںۼһ·񱼣ͳͷ˹ȥ
ȥ㡣
̣ϡ
㷽ʱȴѾǳˣ˼ٵһţǵķѯӡôˣ
֪һֱһӡȻǲ֪
вƬ̣ͬ˷Ը׼ôͨеȫϴصãҪҲСӡȥ̽̽еôˡ
ӡӦһȥˣȻͻȻʹ˷ֱָվŵ㡣ʱæýն˷ס˿£
ߡ
ԥŲֿ⼲ȥ
ôļ꣬վͷϵӡ
Ϊڶܿͻ֣ȻԤʱȴ˽Ĳҽһ̧ͷ㿴ľ˳˹
̿͵˺ľϵ˻սһһɫʱüΪѿ
Էû뵽߾Ȼô໤ɱԶľϺܿɱ֣󼱼ߵǰˡ
˭ģ
û˵꣬ȳľϱסƬ̺æ͵ǹ
õĵ
ּŭղ󳼣ҲӣҪɱҪĿҲͿҲźͿ𣿣
ľϲ˵һ㼴ȥӵ̣Ȼˡ
ľϲҶ
ովһɱŲڣԷɱֵס˿ֱˣ飬˾˼Ū
֪ľ񲻸ҷԼ˿ľϸȥ͹˾˼Ǽ϶֥飬֪ľȫȨ˾˼ģһڵһСȥӵѰҾ˼̷źŵæȥȥҸһѻɧҡһˣȥ˺ش
˷Ը
ľӦȻѸ˳ȥ㰲ϴǮƶԼĹ£ͬµһȾ˼һʱ䣬˼ûǾߡ
ǡ
´ӦͬľϵһҲһֱͷ
ûãһԶ˹
ˣż˷˿ڣ
⻰˳ȥ괭Ŵ˿ãǾ̫ˡ
ǣ
ںӵģҺӡϽ𻰵˴ںӵˣڲ̧ظȥȥɡ
⻰͵ۣסȻҪֶ˶٣˴ɸʲô
˴Ķ꼱ֻͬ˵ҿòãͻȥˡֻü˸壬ưɡ
˵ţ꽫ݸ㡣մѪǳʱ˾˼ȥһ顣
һϣղס塣Ȼǿ򶨣ڵľϣ֣ߡ
˵֮˳ȥżһ·ǳ塣ľԥŵˣǲʶթô죿
ס
ɫȣҹӵȾѪȻͳ¡ҪôģΪթȥ£ⱲӶŲ¡û£ԷɱȴһسǣȻΪǻûץ˼ôֻҪûץסǾͲ¡
ң˳ֶüûʲôˡʱش˺˱ȻûǣǾôˣ۾˼ش˺˶ΣˡΪƭǻسʹĹƣǱ㽫ʹٻס˺شˣ˼ػ취
ĴˣҿԳ£ݲҵСĳɣκ¡
Ļľϱ˼Ӧһٶ˵
ʱ򣬹˾˼෴ͷȥ
ͷڲԶһʱ䣬Ѿǡ
һǣЩԾĴǱܵİգܱҳһƬǼ󣬱㱻ѼȺУ˲á
һڹԱվڳ¥ϣǣҳһƬ
ӣõűһȵķԸù˾˼彫ƭˡ˾˼ˡ
û˵Զ㣬üͷôôˣ
ƺǹ˾˼
Ƕûץ˾˼
Щŭؼ˾˼ŭæǰѵӣڡ
⻰侲Щû˵Ƭ̺ԱߵߣŵԲسŰɣ
⻰˵ͷùˣٲأ̶ˡ
˵֮رȥվڳ¥ǰһسš
ʱ㼷Ⱥ֮УԳţǰ
ԭɳȥ㣬æȥˣ˵˶á
ʲô
㽹ôô࡭
û˵꣬һ󺰳ɱ٣󹫵˾˼ٳ
һ󣬾˳һĺܴоǴӺԶĵطɱ٣󹫵˾˼ٳ
һ˻ĺسš
䣬㵱֪ʲô
ˣľϽҪسˣҪҪȥ
ܱҳһƬû˵֮Уܱǰպ͹ٱ֮֮ɱٵ֯һһ磬·Ϊ˼
ˣľϽڣ۾һȴǵȥá
˵ۣ꣬ͷһ۳š
ǰһһ㣬ͬϣһ㣬ϡ
һۣǲãĻҰ棬ֳɫеĲԻơ
˼
ĬĬ֡
ַ·ˣͷҲسø˹ȥ
ʱ򣬹˾˼񱼵ͷͷյһƬȫȻûƽ֣˾˼Ŵͷ󺰳㣡㣡
Ƭ̺ͣһߵ̴ϣһվڱϣӦҽˣҪҶңȥҰɡ
⻰˾˼ּŭʲô
˵ûˣǿһЦݣǵȥ𣿡
֣
˾˼ŭȳ˵꣬Զ
˳£ǹسŵ˼
˾˼վںӱߣ㶿Զǡ
ݲɱȸз׷ɡ
ɱ˺ʱڡ
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лҪ˵˾˼


145 
ȺɳȥȺ, ˿˳Ⱥ, ߵÿöࡣ
һһ˼, Ȼ˱, Ⲣټ޻ƺĴ͹Уһκβأ׳Ϊٸ̰̫࣬±Ȱǿ޺Ӳĳͻɹ˾˼ЩӣӹǮҲãƽʳסҲ, ƴ, ˱, Ҳҹ˾˼鷳š
Щӹͳһ, , ûа, ѵ, һʱ, ȥǱȻǵ˼Զ󹷼ǽͼⳡαıҴɱ˾˼
ԭ, ֺŴһֽ״
˼ϵſڣյſڣͿѾһȺźӹ·Χ˸ʵʵ, Щ˳ײŴţ˿ľŭһǰȵ˷
Щӹôһ㶣˫ֽǰ̬һɶׯ󣬴ٸÿײٸ·ϣɵն⣬
ô˵϶ļҹټ̫̫ˡȺЦôһ˵˶ʱȺ鼤ߣĿɨȥ˵ӳ˵
ӣ̷ҲһַֹСϰգӣ㲻ҪѪˣ
ϻ˵Ǵʲô뵱Ҿǵͬ˵ˣɿճײٸı档
㹴ǣʹɱղ󳼣ֲһˡָʹ˴ɱղȴıӵǴúܡ
Ѫˣ
˶ʱȳ㳰Цû𣿡
Ͻ˽˫£ǰƽ֮ǰڳţһ߸źţ˼ױдµĹ붫ҿһСԴ
㡭
˼˺һͬʱͳźŵǰźŵһǰһԣ
˽ס˶֪ǱȻǻûץ˾˼ˡ
ץ˹˾˼˿̱ûʲô˼ɡǵˣ˶ˣǵһйʣҲδϴ
ɹ˾˼ûץţ˾˼۷йʣǾ汣סˡ
ﰲ˼֣ǰźŵˣΪһ˾ֱӻسǸ׽ˣȫ֮ǹ˼ŻŻǴ򣬿ɱҵĲҵÿˣ
û˶Цˣôã
⻰ЩҶԻˣԷ㣬ŶԷֱӵãɱҶˡһȺΧٸҶ˿ǰװװô˵ŵҼҷûץһӣҲɱҡɱңԸԸ⣿
˵
侲֪Լǲܱ¶ݵģϾڻǱң͢һҲǱģ޹ء
Ҳûͬ£ֱͬľϵε߸ɱۣߣ
˵꣬ߵ˵վм䣬ͦأȥ
ߵüΪȣֱֳе֮УƺҲη壬ܱҲһ˷ֿߵſڣ㱨֣ſڡ
ǧ˻һˣɫ䡣
ˣʱ˲٣˼ôš
ŷ֪ſжΧţʱֶǶģȿ֮ŮӳŮӳ˵ͷŷؾ侲һŵ롣
Ӧ룬ˣ֮󣬾ͽԺռ
̺ã˽ǰһ˴أ
˵
̧һ棬ԥһ£߽˷š
֮æ˴˵
û̿ڣӦûץ
ȷûУ̵һλ֮ǰ͸ϵ˵˴ںӵϮˣӦǽȥˡ
⻰Щģ˾˼ûʲôˣô׷ţ²ʲô¡
ɫǣֵ
ұǸȥģû뵽˳
˵ţЦЦҲصģ㰲˼棬ػ뷽跨ǡ
ȣܾȣ
Щģ˾ݳٳٲôһѾ㶯ˣ˾Ҳǣһˣô죿
ģƽȵܹа취ġ
û˵˹ܱܲһŮ˻ʧȥ硣̾˿ڵЪȥɣ취
ӦһʮˣǶ֡¼ǵӦнˣǾǿҲֵܵһʱ˻ǿһЩʣ㣬סգܷͻΧ
˵ͷס
ְο䣬߳ȥź󲻾ãͿڳȱϣŲԶСء
סŲ룬ڻǵˡ
ϰ塣
תͷ㣬ЦЦϰͷϣˣ

ǲ̵ģҵ˵ǹǣȻǰ¶ס⻰ȴЦˣϰͬ˵滰
ûĻ磬ҲУʲô㣿
ĻתͷעúȴЦˣˡ
ɫĻδţֳ̧סԼͷɢȻΪϰ嵶ǹ룬ԭվҲǸС
˺úϢֱ񣬡С
˵꣬Ჽ뿪̽סĪ¡
סӣƽ˾˼ûץ취ֻҪžˡ˵ţԽһƬҶң޷
⻰ڷ˿̲ȷϣһΣվһߡ
˿ٴ죬ȴǱл⡣
̵˵ͷûж˵
תȥӡľϻҡ
֮У˼
˵˾˼ȥ˳ǽһûӦӦþǻûץˡȻ˳ǽûץˣ˾˼ȻѾԶˡ
ܣ֮Ҳȥһͷ·ߺʱ㣬Ӧǲǡô϶ûڳˡ
˾ûжȴôֱһ˽ǵǹ˾˼ȥ˾ݵϢʮа˾ҵ˾Ȼҵڣ˾˼ԼȥǾͶĴȻᵥǹƥȥ˾ˡ
ʣܵķȥȱҹУҲҪգ֮Ӧǻһʹö˵Ŀɽ˾ݣ˾ݵա
Уټգ˾˼ңĵȵպұƼˣͻΪĵƣƷ
뵽ЩЩܣӡԱ߸Ŵ̺֮ͬЪһ
ҸȥСŪЩ
ͷӡ˳ȥ߳ȥЬڴϣӣʱһܱյĿռ䣬棬Լϥǡ
ʵ˵û
򶨲Ϊ˿̲ܻңľ˭£ˣٸˣǾĳһƬɢɳ
üܻҲš
 
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վͷϣƬ̣˵ˣҪˣҪ𣿡
˾˼̧ͷ˲һ䣺ϰ屾ǵġ
⻰˾˼һۡ
һڵǶͨеˣ
ԡ˵˵ߵƹҽ壬ǰ
Ҽǵá
˾˼ͷ룬ڵҪЩǮ֣ЩңҪԸµģһЩˣԸµģͰķԸ뿪ɡ
˻Ӧһ㽫˾Ըˣӽ˹˾˼ˣΪСĴи𿴹ܻ㲻ͬˣСĳޣֻʮ꣬ѧЩգҲɣԸڴߣʹ
˾˼ʾл޵ˣ뿪ȥ
ͷ̫ãһͷˣֻѣøϽ뿪
˾˼޳ܱɽ˹ȥɽ˸ɽ
̶Ӹ˶ʮˣ׳ģƽ㽻ãΪҲ㡣һ˰󣬹˾˼ǲ˷ֳ·ȥҽӡ
ɳȥ˾˼ͬ˾˼ˣǽô죿
ȥ˾ݣ˾˼侲̽һ˾Ҽˡ
Ƕ
ֻҪһûץͲ¡
˾˼̧ͷ򣺡ұץˣĳˡ
޲̫׹˾˼Թ˾˼мӣɷҲӣҲ˵
˾˼˼Ų𣬹˾˼ϢƬ̣ͬ˵Ϣͬȥ˾ݿ
˵֮󣬹˾˼㷭޳˾ݱȥˡ
һоޱʱʹ֮ڣ֪˵ʲô
֪
侲ڣ̧ͷӷ£ɺѡݡ
޸˾˼ƣ侲ҪǾͿԵ
˾ݵҲͨأ
ʣֻǹ˴˵ȥ˾ݵأ
Ǹң
кβң
侲ʣָԼܳ˼ԶĹʣѯʵȫѾѳ֣֪˼Զµ˼Զ˶˳ǰץˣ˼ԶϢ֤ݣ߲£ˣʱ
֣Ҫɱλ͢Ʒ飬ǻôɱֶ±²Դ𣿱£ߵȥ᧿ΣˣѾ죬ٵ飬ˡ
³ֱߵ޲˷ͣûһˣ˵һͷĵƾ޾ݷݣݣѰ䡣
£
£ͻȻתͷ˹ȥǰһ֮ǰѾ;˼˾ݱƣ˷΢СҶһȥݹԱ˽ݹԱ
Ĵ˴ٴ󲿷ƶȣаÿĹԱˣԱһٺ»ǨͿϢϢءȨھס˾һԱǨٺ»ĹϽȨһ˾ݣֱӶһѾ
һûҶҶģҲСҶ˺ҶˣϰˣҲû
Ӽ鲻˵ӱŵ˳㣬ĳ˲ӣ͢ҲӲܣԷֵ̫һ£Ҳش󶯸ɸ꣬սپ·Ҳ̫Ӱ졣
սپ˼ŵҪˣ೤ʱ䣿
ǧˣһա
ӹϿڣЦЦ±ЦСֶǧȡҲһաһȡκɼ£ζ³˹
⻰жʱۡ
˵öԡ
ͷĲѧŴٵӡ
Ҳǽڶʹ㸲
Ӽ˵ϣҲ˵ˡ
Ѹּý̳ӽʥּӦ󣬷ڿ
㡪
üͷڵϣ˽ȥ˾ݹ¶ϢǷˡ
ȥ˾ݣ֤ˣһĶˣʣµģҲܹܵˡ
·Ѿߵͷ»ǳ·ûν
ڵϣú󣬷ڵѺΣ½ݵİһ
⻰㶣æл
л¶䣡
ߵס
ͬһ˴ʹҶȥ׼еˣ̧ϣԱߣ̧⣬Цŵ㣬ˡ
Цȥмɵ
ӹ˹ǣˣԺҪúϧҸᣬȥҶװɡ
㶣Ƭ̺æҡһԶ
üŽӣƺƬ̣ڵʵҶûҡ
Щ⣬ŵõǡϲġ
⻰ѽ˵ˣƬ̺ЦȴǵⲻǺ𣿡
㡭
СϲģſӣסԼЦ˫Ưۣˡ
û˵ӵĻ̫ܣƬ̺ڵǺܺõĹ˶ġ˵ġ
˵ӿ˼ֻˡһϲһǺ׵ģʡᡢò߹֪֪Ȥ˶ĽˣϲֻĽֻһʱĶѡ֪һ˵ĺ벻ãһУϲţ̫ˡ
ǻᡣɫ˼ᣬǶȫȻ⣬ҲԱ֮£ġ
û˵ҪȰмϲǶġδ᲻ϲ㣬᲻ϲˣҲ֪ϲ㣬ǳǶۡϲݸ顣
ϣɫ棬˶ΪҺ˵飬㲻ܡȻҵм㣬ѹ
û˵꣬ƺһӵĵûκεĬҲκλرģǸҶϵСǰ
˶˵ɵ֪£ɽȴһȷ֪˶ϸػǸˡ
ȣ̧һ
Ҳǣ¡
ҡҡͷܲá
ЦЦȥһˣ١
ǣҵ£Ц㲻ٺͿŹˡ
˵꣬ѾߵǰҶ̴ӺͣſڣͬӵҴӹü׺µ·ӡðˣʣµ֪֮ͨ³̰ɣ
ӵ˵ͷ֮ͬ󣬱гǡ
ϣͷϴһƬγ
˽
תͷȥҶվڲԶҲ֪վ˶ãɫЩšƬ̺ͻȻǣЦŵ춹𣿡
Ҷ㶣Ƭ̺ҲЦˣǲǾֻ̳Եˣ
ȥɡ˵ţһȥ


146 
˾˼ȥ˾ݣ, ȥ˳㿪ӡ
ͨеƽ˹³
˾˼֮ǰԸ˾ݵ, Ǹ, һ˾ݵľ, һģΣʱ˾̡˾˼һȵӴкҲи֪ˡҲֻԷһû뵽ô
֮ǰȷ˵˻ݣ׼˿ͷ˵ҹҪޡ˾ݵĹ¹λӰ, ȥ˹ٸ֮, ûΪʱ, ݡ
˾˼⻰, ﻹвף
ǵ˾, ȥ˹ٸ, ȴ, ˾ݳٳٲ, ˣѾûˡ
˾˼֪˾ãһ, վúþӪûңʲô¶˵, һнӵˣݳǽһźŵ
Ӧ£˾˼߳޻ӡ
޸ڹ˾˼еĵˣô죿
ȥֽʣзݺͿơ
Щʲô
ЩãȻ˾˼ƽߵ·ֻͬƴˡ
޻ǲף˾˼һô¶Ϊֻһںܸɳôһֳҵ¶Ϊǲ£
һȺں֮ڣ˾˼Լһ¶ֲοǰѳôãȡ֮ˡ
޸оԼƺǶˣ־òף룺ͷʲôϵ
˾˼ֱӵ㵽ʱ֪ˡ
޵˵ͷù˾˼Ī⣬Լǲˡ
˾˼ҹЪɽû뵽˾˼Ǵɽӵģֻɽ֣һˣضҪҸŵĵطֱ˾ݣ˴ܱߵĿջӰҰ
ڸﰲ˯һ֮󣬵ڶȥ㸮ʡ
ٶ棬Ҫǵľʳ⣬׼ӹЩʳֿŲ£ǸŲʳһʳˡ
Ժˮִȥ˼ƫ˲ԺˮͻҲˡ
ڣ̺ȥ˸ŵıţһʱ䣬ԺΪģһһ㲼ûسȥ
һҹ˭˯š
˾˼׷ɱĴŹ˾˼ҶǴ±˾ݣԸվͥԺ£һֱ
æһգӡЩŲסˣվڳϵ㣬ڵˣȥ˯ɣһˣ𣿡
Ȼȥ˯ɡƽٴһ
ӡŲסˣӦȥ˯¡ԺһͻȻ˯Ű
عͷȥվڳϣͷ
Цˣˡ
̵˵ͷ°ڣ˳ϣ֪ùգк£
ˣ֪̾ͺãαض˵أ
˵ţŵʱʱ̱̿˿ǻẦµġ
ϰ˵ǣ̵˵ͷϧˣϰ度£;˼ĺܡ
⻰סҲûдѭϿȥЩɻڿʲô
˼ﷳͻվұѧѧ
ϰ巳ʲôأ̳°ͣЦſ㣬㽫Ŀ䵽ϣ˲𣿡
û˵̧̧֣ʾ˵ߵ̳Աߵӱϣ̸£֮ԲǶ֣һǵʱһסǣ˵Ը˺Ϳڹҽȥұźŵʱ˼ҵĹһڶˣǾˡ
վ£αװɱءվ˴ˣҲǱ¶ûйϵҲûʲôҲͲǸԼĺ·
ǲҪ·أ
תͷ̣üͷ˵⣬סЩСģɸ⼸ʱ䣬ǷӦˡԸǣģ˼Զ骺͸Ԫ֤ݣҼһܲˡǾ㲻ңȾ˼˾ݴ¶ҲҪ군ġټ˼Զ

̽˿ڣЦŵõ·ñһٸɵ˾˼һ˲Ϊ壬̵Ĵ㣬̸̸֣ɱȳ͢ˣѵϣ¶ˡ
˾˼ˣ̳°ͣЦӯӯǰҪôץ˾˼һа֮ǰļƻ졣йأҲˣҲͬھĸ֣˵ءҪô͵ȹ˾˼Ŵʱ˾˼ɷ¶Ҳˡǻʲôɲ˺
ͬھ˰⣬ζɾͲ̫ˡ
˵ţĳȥ
㾲ţƬ̺Цһ˵ҲΪվݣؼʱ̸еʱˡ
Σ̾˿չ·ġ
û˵㡣㴹ͷ̵𣿡
תͷЦЦô᲻أ
˵أ
̽ѯʣ㶣תͷȥϰ壬Ĳܣڹ˾˼ߣվǿϧˡǸң̳°ͣЦŵ㣬һء
⻰üͷ̽ŵԵȥݸģҵҿԽݲȫ㣬պԲϣֻˡ
ˣЦĿӡ
˵úҾʹ㵱һ
Ц˼ֳ
ûٳվú롣Ը⣬֮ʱһ㣬ҷ˵뿪
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̻ͷȴǵǲ˵Цﲻ𣿡
㲻˵̱վƬ̺ͻȻǸмġ
̧ۣ촵̱»ɫѹߵɣЩͣʱÿ¶ȥɽ¡˵һλС㣬ÿͶ𻨸⣬ÿҰͻȥһݻҳԹóԵĶ
⻰Щ¡
ͻȻ𵱳ȥƺӵǮ̴ϹҵǸ
˶ԷǷȤ
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ʱ飬ûǮ̿ǰƽͣ͵˱飬׷ɽſڣ㱻˴պλСͶһ䡮ôˣˡ
˵ţתͷЦʱҾſڲԶ̶ͷҺ뿴λСģʲôͿɾƯȻϾһˣҸǮָһӣȥҽ
ϡ
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㣬˼侲Щ֪ң
֪
ҡҡͷʱûһؤˣ¶롣´ʦ£֪ˡֻǶתת㻹ǻͬҪǮǴΣұ֪ˡ
û˵ʲôЩˣ֪˼ֱӵƺӵǮûйϵͬ˵Щֻϣס
ҲǺƭ㡣Ըȥݣܸģһڵõģöࡣ
˵档⻰ȴЦˣ ˵ȴƭˡ
㶣վº͵ˣЩ·ˣǻزͷġͬ˵ЩмģɸģҾ֮ܡݱдˣ֪˲֮٣ʱͽսݣҲ޷ӴȴףƲһ£õõʵ졣ΪĲǰǷģҪ㵽ȥΪ½졣
˵ƭ㣬̵㵱ƭɣĳ£ܾ㡣
㾲վţ̧ۿԣʲôش𣿡
ҲǷҲ˵ƽҪһģҡ
⻰㶣侲á
˵꣬˸񣬱ת뿪
̿Զʲôû˵תͷŲԶº㡣
úЦһǳ
طЪº󣬵ȵڶգľһգҲûʲô涼ΧţǳȥҲ
˾˼˾ֽʺҲ˲˾سоһգ˦ˡ
һϣѾչȥڸˣסˡ
ҹ˾˼׷ɱ˾ԶҵһɽЪʱȴǵƻͨ
ĵ˼ڣǴʹˣͷϴŰ߰ףֻһˣʮͷȴڸϡ
ʹߺŲ裬̬ڸϵ˱ӣ˶óλãʮֲȡ
ǰǼƻñҽ˹˾˼˵˾˼Ȼˣ¶ȥǲǣͲ׵ˣ
Ϸү²֣ͣǰЩȴɾ¶Ҳˡ
Ȼأ
俪ڣȹ˾˼֤ݻһ˵
ж֤ݣҲ˵үĴӣüͷ˵ûأ
û˵Լĸ׶Щ˽⣬Ӳͷ˶гˣֻǲˡĹϵǧ˿ƣֻҪ˱ˣ˳ϣЩҲҹ
ܵ˵ô϶ֻǺۿί̬²ҸȻǲṩҵģǲһһҪӲв͸ǽ
⻰˰ˣôһѣ˼Զ
ǲгģң˼Զ˵ľԲ˵һ䡣
ֶ˵ǣүŵǾˣҪ飬ƳЩҲȰѱһʵҪЩ취
취Цµ취ǻߵһ
Ұѻ˵ˣ豭һģλǸ¶˾˼õʲô֤ݣλһܲѾûʲô·ˣΨһİ취ץ˹˾˼¶øɸɾ
ǵʱ򣬱ǲװݡ
үڿڣ̧ۿȥǾȥܲõǼˡǲ鲻ЦǾӮˡ
˶˵ҳ˼ţѵʮǰǾһΣЩʲô
Σ̫һү˰֣̾˿վֶҲǰֻ̤ײĵˣΪ˱ԸѼ˶ϡ¶ˡ¼Ҳܷˡ
˵ţүȥŭһΪӵõǳ£¼ҾҪҸǣվǾһϵƣһˡȻλԥǲض̸ˣ峿ֱãȫܵ¥ȥֻҪ˾˼ڣҲ
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ˡ
үȥ૵ҲҪͷӴһ𡣡
ס
һ̴˼ٵĽŲ˶ɫվڸߴ˫£УλĪ£峿ұ˹ãץڳͷȹ˾˼ˣұǧУֻҪˣЦһУͰˡ
˿ɫ˾⣬֣λƶ
һҽõү̲סڳ㲻ôͬ˵ġͬھĴ㣬βһץ
壬򶨵һʱһʱҲǴȫ뷨ġǼȻߵһҲûʲôͷ·ˡҸ׵ĳұ뱨
ʲô𣡡үŭȳ¶̫࣬һ˾˼ͷһҪ
үЪ£
ֱ̧֣ӵˣֱӴӳϵǿãҴ
 
Ǳѵġ
˿ɱ֮͵۾ץһף㼱˳ȥһȥͼ׷ɣûüӦ㱻һ˽ȥŭȵʲô
桭
Ҵǿˡ
㶣ЩżôͻȻ͡
Ҫ˰ɡ
¶⣺ӣҲҪᡣ
˵꣬һȻ
ɫֺݣѹ˵Ļ㿼ұһգһպҪҪͶ˿Լˡ
˵Ͱһƣ͵عϷţŮȫҶñֻҪѽҴϣԺȥ
վУ㶵ģӡǰ㣬ȴǿҪ޳һˣô죿ô찡
û˵Ƭ̺侲Ѿ˼ǰѵùԸҲҵߵԣش⣬ɱһɱ׬ܾܲôװȥ


147 
⻰ӡ˵ˣƬ̺, һ, ͷǡ
˵֮, ӡȥĵҳ⵶˵ǹ˾˼, ʵֻõġ⣬Ҫиӹ˼ǽȡ⵶ûзŻȥ㽫к󣬱ӡһ˺СʱһһڴߣŴ, һѵ, ڻ, ͵˵Ż
, ӡ쿿, Щ, ˵ү𣿡
, , ̧ӡϣӡ£˻
˾˼, ֵˣԸϱǡÿι˾˼ִϣ˻סʱ, ͻãĹ֧ӿ
㾪ȷ֣ദʱ䳤ˣԽԽԷ
㷢㶣ӡЩɻˣ
ţعӡ췽ŵ⣬ЦȻѽ
˼ǵġ
ºͣڲ֣һɺͷӡġ
һֱǴ׼Ȼˣ˸˼ֻҵΪ˼Զսǰ
ߵ˶ǾϸѡˣȻҹѣȴǿûǰһ
ȵʱ֣ɢɢʼԱ͵Ժһƿţͬ˰Ա͵ͤﲻ̷ΧŮæ
⻰æӡȥϵͤ
мԱǴĴھϰǰȥѸٽһЩҪ죬Ǳֿʼæ
̺˾ڲԶսܱһƬɱٶʲôֻľ˲ϴԱ
ʼʱ˾˼Ŵ˾ݸȵʱŸϵⲻԶ
ǧɱ̫ڳⲻ֪飬⶯֮һ˾˼ɫʱ䣬ԱҲЩţˣǷʲôˣ
˾˼û˵̲סˣǲˣ
棬һ취˻ϣð죬˾˼ŵ̺ڣһԼ潨˴ˡ
ô죿
סˣ˾˼һҳڳһٶˣ죬Ӧֱӵ˾ӣûһģڣܳһš
޲˵ˣ˾˼Լ˼˾˼˵ţҲֻܲһˡ
˵ţ˾˼̧ͷͬ޵ȥٸÿһӣټڳ֣һ𺰻
Щ£˾˼ͷһҸдȥһ𺰣ٱץǣܾˡ壬ǵİȫ
áӦȥˣ˾˼Ա֮ǰصĴ˸ȥѴдҹ
˵ţ˾˼ˣȥȡԼúõֽʡƻзݡ
Ǯʹĥ޳ȥˣ˾˼Žе˿ʼдֽԥƬ̺һһġ顷ȥ
͹ȥдַϭĲͬдϿڣˣֻҪʶֵˣܿдʲô
ȼҪд˼ԶҴɱղñҡ
ʥּղ˾˼ôӣչպڽգչڽաճʱճΪ˾˼ӽ⣬λӢۡźߣһǧģߣǧģɳһͷʮȡ׼ߣ
߿ɵ߿ɼ͡Ϊ϶꣬չĳѪͶ־Ը⾱Ѫ죬ݰշǳϣ˲֮֮ڣңݿɵ̫ƽӣ

˾˼Ѹд꣬󽻸Աˣ̵ֽꡣѷ׼ãпƣȥɰдϡɱ֡
˵ͷҲ׹˾˼˼ˣŹ˾˼ġ顷һ泭һüͷˣ˵ˣһʲô˼
˵ţָ˹˾˼дֽҳһ䣺
Ī£ˡ
һһġ顷Եø죬˾˼̧һƸ˻ȥʣˡ
չ˾˼ļƻ˷ֹʼԵ顣
ȵƻʱ֣ٶˣ˵һǮã׷׸Źǵ˻ʱǧˡ
ЩģС᲻̫ˣ
û¡
˾˼ҡҡͷǵָߴȸǽй滮õ·ߣȷָλ֮󣬱㿪ʼǺ
ҪЩ񺰵Ļܼ򵥣
ı棬壬ͬͬ˼
Ұǧ򣬽Ϊհ׹ǶѣѼ졣

ǸŹ˾˼ѧһСѵܹ뷢
Ǳߵġ顷ҲˣϹѯʹ˾˼ˣ׼ˡ
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һǧյƣһǧֻݣѾ׼ˡ
á
˾˼ͷְɡ
 
쵽ƻʱøѾԱ
Ŀɱ˴һʼĻֵ̿ľ
ľ˵ǺãҲ˵ǻäĿԱУϸԱҩ˿ڡ
ҩƷԽԽ٣ԱԽԽ࣬ΪֲصԱ㶼»صԺȥս
һֱͷ£ȵϦ£ǰһԱԥʼԷһ룬Ųԣ̧ͷûаѪɫ
˿ڼѪ͸ɫƽûаʹԱȫһ
㿴㶣̵ʲô
㷴Ӧ̵˵
˵ţüۣʼ̰
ɫ̾ȴǵʲô
㲻˵ġ
ƽˣȴЦˣֲɣΪʲôˣ
˿̿Կųȥ㵭ȫȥ˼Զףݣûʲôͻˡ
û˵˿ڣҩȥ̿ۿǰˣƬ̺ڵ㻹Ź˾˼𣿡
û˵
ƽ峿ٲһжˡ
ǲɱҡ
η壬עȴǵŮˡ
ֶ˶١
侲֪˾˼õİ취ʲô𣿡
㷽ңŲž˼
̧ۣ濴Ҹ㣬š
ʱˣ̳Ц㻹ţ
Ըš
˵ţ˿ڣ̣ͬŰһ˱ôκʱ㶼
ûأ
һвɡ
㲻ޣ
ΪʲôҪޣ
ЦЦϣѡѡҡ
ͷº͵źԹ
û˵ǰµĹһʶĹ
ȥŮɫɫҪô缧ɫʸ˶ҪôҶ޷ȴͷһһŮˣСϪ˵˵
͹˾˼£ǻΪػ
˵ԼעǰһŮӣð죬ȴͻȻʮ꣬ףӦ𣿡
⻰㶣Ƭ̺ЦʮңҲס
ʱ򰡣Ǽ޸ˣףҾܾˣ㲻ϲңҲ㡣
Ц涼֮תͷȥԶ
ͻȻҳݵӰɡ
ЩãȻƽ͵Ϊҳӣһϡ峿˾˼ٲ㣬㲻ܹҡ
⻰濴̣ûпһִϥϣעǰ˫ַǰߵ˸
ûлӦ۾ûжãϤ
ĵӣһ˲֮䣬·ǧɽˮڳ˻ص硣
õʪۿԼĵ档
ȥ
ûȥ
ǲݣǵûؼȥ
ߵСУһȥ
Ӻ̣ܶҲһ˲䣬·ǻӦһ㣬ԶͻȻ
ƺˣ뻮һţҰǧ򣬽Ϊհ׹ǶѣѼ죡
͵̧ͷ
ԶԽԽţ˶ûӦͼֽҳѩ׷ɶ£Щֽҳų˴֮ɵ˶׷ʲô
˴˻ˣ
˾˼ˣ
Ⱥзϲ֮㿴ֽҳ׷ɣȻ󿴼ɽͷڶҹա
ǿһ㣬飬дɰдõ֡
ɱ
ĻǧյƹҹջģȴɳૣĻ
ʲô˼
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⻰ͷţϵĻ
Ī£ˡ
֪Ϊʲôô죬һֱάֵúܺãһֱ˵֧˶侲ƽȣûʲô
ڿֽҳһ仰Ƿѩǧյƻȴ̲סۿ
㿴Ӳ
ˡ


148 
ƺƴͻϮóвµĸ𶼻Ҳ˼ֲ, Ϲ, ͬصȥ, ǹ˾˼ȱˡ
ȥ, ϽӦ뿪
ڸλϳϰ״ŭʲôضǹ˾˼˴ˣ

ŭȳѵǻͣ𣿣
⻰˳Ĭȥ˻̻̲ӣƣֹƣ˿ܺÿ֮, Ჽ˳ȥ
һ·۵¥, ϳ¥֮, Ҳ, ûŹ˾˼, ֻڳ, , ô죿
ô죿ô㻹ңŭ, ȥץ˰
Ǳߡ
򣡡̵֮ǰһҪ㡣
ǲˡԥŵ, ʿһǧˣռս󣬿ɶòǧ, Ҫнӽǧˣû˫֮ӭսвء
û˵Ƭ̺ڵȥӭУǲУ֮㲻һѻá
һѻˣ̾Ƕˣʱǣƹ˾˼
ˣ̸ʲôǣƣһ·һ顣
⻰ȥ֪㣬Ȼ£ȴҲֻӦȥ
طԸʿȥַԸҶȥͺ͸ɲ
һ¶öʱƽûȴûаиһֱüͷӡ泷ʱ̱ڵϣԼؿڣû¶ˡ
˵ţתͷԱ߻ӵ㣬ɵõˣүˣôüģ棬Ƕˡ
ˡ˲ͷȥҹүˡ
үôӡ¶ġ
Цһ£ûж˵
ͷ˰˿ڣĬĬ˾˼š
⣬ӵӣľһ·ŷȥ˾˼վڸߴǵĶ
źɫ·Ŵɫͷýڰ죬ӭɽͷԵøۡ
˿ԶҲ֪ʲôֻǰŹ˾˼ķԸһֱں
ı棬壬ͬͬ˼
Ұǧ򣬽Ϊհ׹ǶѣѼ졣

ƮУһһ飬䷳
˾˼ʿľ룬Ԥľ󣬹˾˼ͬ޵
˵ţ˾˼޵һָӻŰѸܿ
ոɢȥʿУһ壬һ󣬾˱ˡ˾˼Ž޻ڰĩβŰһ·ӴܳϰʿûôͶ˳ȥ
ЩնǵصĴһܳȥ㳭Ž·ȥһɽͷ
˾˼޵˶ϣ۲Щ˵ʿ˳ɱһЩ䵥ġûһЩʿͷԼһЩһɽͷ
ʶԣˣ˻ȥ
˵ţӵ˱ʿ˳֡
˳ȥ֮ʿҲҶ飬س
ڳ¥ϼӻΪץ˹˾˼֮󣬵ŭʲôûˣô˽ȥϹˣ
ʵڸӣ˾˼ֲ潻սҡ
죡
ѵسĬƬ̣ӣ˾˼ȻѾȷ峿ӭսǲ͵ˡ֮ǻ׽ˣȻź·
û˵Ƭ̺һ˵ǡ
˵ţǰһ˶ͳȥһ·ֱвҪͷȥݡ
ع񣬱ȥ
ҴϣҳϼЩŲ裬һλСү裬ү豭յϵֺɫʱ䡣
ɫԣһֱ۲˵ĳүɵõүĲʲô裿
ͬλһү˶񣬽ŵҵĲ裬ͬǲһ
⻰ڳ˶࿴һۣǶү֪ʲô
ǲظŵĺү˾˼Թػضҵ¡
˵¶嶯̲үĨյϵּݷһԣǼң˶࣬мӳϢЩҲӵܲͨˡ˻ţվҪģ˵أ
˵ţ仰˶˼
¶Ҫҵ¶ߵҲ̲¸ױɱ˾˼ҪֵģҲҡǼڹٳһЩӵܣҲΪ˻ЩӵܣԲŸ˴ɱղ¡ǳЩٳϵӵܣǼ廹ûǣͨˡĺһ·ߵڣʱˣȴǳĴͷһˣһЩɽδҲܿСһɽ
˵ûٽӻˡ
˭ٽӻҪȥһ˭˭˿ͷתͷȥܡһȺ˵ң˭á
˻¼ţšǳ׷ץ˾˼תͷˣſڡ
Ѿ׼ͺͲ𣬴ǧΧס
棬ߵ˴ˣŵΧһȦΧ
㣡
վ⣬һҳ
һͥԺⶼˣԺֻ֮ûƬ̣ľϱˣ
ԥƬ̣վˣһ·ߵԺվĶ
һľϵҼҷˣл˵
㣬˾˼ڳ⣬ż㡣ǲҪôȥˣԼұ˲
˵Цˡ
ƽô׾ҪǵαҪԼȡǡóҼɾû취û취һ˼ҺȥǵĶưˡ
˷˶Լŵúܡ
ЦˣҪ׽ѣҪ׵úܡҸ㣬棬ȫǵ͹㹻Ĳ𵾲ݣҪǲǿɾͲҪҶˡ
ˣ⻰һڳЦһѻǣԾûй˾˼İѱˡңҪ÷
ˣ̵²ԸΪУҲûΪеԸֻһ·Ը⣬ʹ˷˽ֻҪ˷˳±֤ᶯð֡
̳Ĭˣ·ߣӼҲҧˣο
û˵ӡܱ˶̬ʱۣеУ˲ܳȥҪ÷ҪЮүʱ򡭡ʱ򡭡
ʱǹ˾˼Ȧ
ǹ˾˼ȦǣҲ
չǸ֡
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ʱ
̵ʱҲˣ⸮á
á
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֮·Ҫȥμһʢһ㣬ԡ£췢Ͼµױݣ׹鲽ҡ࣬վɫ׻չ˫ۣůõ̹
һУ洫ľϵˣʱˡ
ӦƽŰɡ
˵֮󣬴Ŵ򿪣гվ⣬̧⿴ȥɫƽִݡв̣˷ˣ㡭
˵꣬ȴЦ˲ض롣
ƽҶƽ
⻰Ҳ֪ǰοǲȥ塣ȴҲڴʱ˵ʲôˡ
̾˿ûг
ᲽţĿһ·ûлͷ̬򶨴ݡ
Ҳ֪˭ͷͻȻʵͷˡ
ͬ˳һ㣬㲻첻ĽŲһ·ǰȥһһͷˣͷˡ
ûͣû˵ûлͷ
һܵġ
˶֪ΪˣӦԺΪ˻ŵһˡȫսǰλŮӣҲҪΪһλȥˡ
ȻȴѡԼǵŮ֮ǰ
ߵǰѪ߰ߵôţڲͣסӣƬ̺ת˫ֽǰṪ
л
仰̽ë˲
תǰһ̣ͻȻ㣡
סӣڵҴݡ
ȻӦģȴֻ֣š
š֨ѽ򿪣㿴վŵˡ
飬վǰ޵һţ
ź
㳯΢΢һº͵ӡ
˷ˡ
ЦŻɡ
ͷԥ̤ż˳ȥ
̨ףعͷȥõŻûأ˶ƺֻҪԸͷܻȥһЦȴǵŰɡ
ˣ
ӡ̲ס޳Ҫȥȴľһץססӣû˵
˻֣˵һ飺Űɡ
ŻϣҲͷת¥ͬҪϳ¥𣿡
˷ƺһ㶼£
ģЩ죬ɵѯʳָһͬ㵭ʲô
֪ᷢʲô𣿡
޷в˾˼һһͷܡ
ù˾˼Ը𣿡
Щ˼Ǹܺá
û𣿡㿴ЦΪôأ
òᡣ϶ڣͷһôú㣿Ҳв˹˾˼
ҵҵȴܸӦ˺ܶ๭㵱ɱңȻģȻٶ֡
ЩЦˣƽΪ뵽벻𣿡
Ҵöࡣ
ôڰ֪Ͳᱻˣ
Ȱ㻹лͷ·
һлͷ·ΪǺ÷˵ˡҸɹô¶ɱָӾã˵һлͷ·㵹Ǹң˾˼Ҳ
㲻˵ˣŵɱҵɱңҾȡҲҪȡ˵ġҪţҲһӻΪġ
һס°ͣݵҪǵúһҪʲôƨƺӣʲôӣΪʲô󹫵Ͳˣ֪𣿡
㾲ȴǵǱɱġ
һ˫ƽ˺£ҪޣҲǺ㡣Ҫ䣬Ҳ㡣
û˵ˣúһƿŭӡ
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һֱû˵ûܹĿֱ࣬оĥ۵Ƥϣ̲ס۵ö¡
ЦվǸŮˡ
û˵֮󣬾͵ڳ¥ϣԸȥˣͱ۾һֱڸߴ
ܱȸУɽз׷ɶ
ԶĸϤңԶƺգ߸軶
ƺ֮ˮء
۾ͼԶ𣬽ʡ
һһ̤⣬Զ߸
ݲݴӡ·½Ƿɣͣڳ¥£ͷ
һ˫۴ЦЦ
˶Ŀȴ֪ϡ
þúڿڣ˶ΪҪ˵ʲôʱһ
㣬ˣ
ȻЦ
һЦһš
еʹʹеĿѶǿˡ
˾˼˵⻰ʱŭˣŹ˾˼˾˼أ
ҵˣ
˾˼üһһֽڼϣҲ𣿡
ıأ
̿ڣЩţộ˵˾˼ֻһˣ˭ţ
˾˼°ͣҵڳﰡ
˵˵
㲻ţ
˾˼üͿҽȥ㿴ҵˣڲڳ
ûӦ˾˼ǼˣӵǴúܣüҶαװգα챩ңɱղΧãʲôı֪ıʲôĴǼݵͷߣԵ𣿡
Ҵ󷽵úܣ˾˼ֻ鷳ңŽսı֮ҿһ棬׷
ӣ⻰Щˣ˵ȥˡ
˵Щݰհͷ𣿱۸ôˣ˰ǳͷǶҳͷ𣿲ҾͰˣӸǮźһǧģҶֵǧģɱ˵һͷʮһ
˾˼һץסͷ㲱ϣ㻹ҪҪˣ
⻰˾˼ʹı飬Ŀͷϵķϡ
˾˼侲˵˵ȥ㲻Ҫҵ㸸׵ſҰ㡣
⻰˶ˣ㣬Ҳ𾪵ġ
ʱŭȵߣ˾˼ߣ
죡
Ӧʱˣû뵽˴˻Ǹ֣˽ؾǡ
㵱ɵ𣿡˾˼Цˣˣ㲻ô죿
Ҫ
ų
ҷųô죿
㿪ţȥ
˾˼̵ߣֻҪ֮߳⣬ұԾ
⻰Щԥؿ˿ߵڳ˹֣ˡ
룬ڵǣ
ǣǱǽﷸҲݲκηˡ
㻹ȴͿ˾˼ʲôû˵£ж½ڣ³ֻһվڳǰŰɣ
жڽհӽ⿪һƿܱߵˣӵײײӳ¥ȥ
Ҳûһ·ܵü졣ʧһ侲¥³ţﺬᣬһʮСίҪȥǸܾһӵˡ
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Ŵųһ򿪣Ƚǳ⣬ȻǸڳ֮һֳ
ֻһ£ɢվڳǰܱ߶ʿ˶ֽɫԴΨǸģ·̤࿴Щ˵С£⡣
㴭Ŵ˸ɵľ룬ȴ˭û
˾˼Цɢþú֣˼ơ
㣬˵ɡ
ԥ͵˽Ļ
Ҳһ˲䣬¡¡ȣż
ǧֻӳɳ۶ܱŹ˾˼ͬʱҲʿڹ˾˼ܱơ
ֻ̼䣬ܱҳһƬɱɱܱ߱ң̣ѪȾ峿ʲôû룬ӵһ𣬷·һУ޹ء
ЩʱգҲڣ²£
˾˼·ʧõ䱦ʳҲ£
ô󰡣
˾˼Ц
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֪
˵֪ġ
⻰˾˼̧֣ͷϣͷա
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㵱ҵĸΰ
ĸΡ
žۣž۵
᲻⳾ȹǰֵĸα
ӣ㡣
ǿ˹ǰȴԶ罿һҪϵĹ


149 
˵仰󣬹˾˼ͷ, ʱעܱ, ܱ˻, ҲͲ, Ҫͬ˵ͱһƳԴϣϣȵʲôʱ˻ĥĥģ͵ȫطҡ
֮󣬽ӱ뿪üܱ߳
֪ʿڳںҵļҶʿ˴ӺҶ, ׷
˾˼һ, ͸óи˶˼, ¼͵˳үѶϢ, ⽫˽ؾ˹ϵ, ڳſ, ΪľǱ˾˼
ҹｫԼͳȥ, ȴҪһ췴, Ҷɵӣûֵ£˾˼, 飬
ǰ֣һ˾˼, һǰѣԼڶˣʲô䲻ˡ
һֱȵʱ˾˼ˣˣǧһ¼˳ˡ
ǳ¼ҵ̡
г¼˴ڣҲǹ˾˼ǵ̡
һ꣬˾˼ûɱűǽĴѹûסڳˣûӦֱӴ˳ɱĳ֮£ԭֻǻڶҡʿҲ̵굽˾˼ﻹ˼ս
ڶݵķ󣬸ӵܵܣѵѣֻҵû·翹ԵıԱȣҲǺܿ
͹˾˼һս֣˾˼ִϣͬһֱվߵʿͷλǻá
Щʿԭسǵʿżǳǰܶܵס˼ʸ˾˼Ҳûߣڹ˾˼ߣʱŷԸ
˾˼֪ǵ˼ʱѱ䣬ָ͹˾˼һݶ飬ù˾˼ţһ֮ǰЩʲôǽˡ
ǹ˾˼һǻãһǵ֣Ǳ֮࣬һ汨֣һ治߹˾˼Լ뵱һλϵ
˾˼ţĵλǰЩʱջҵҹĸ⣿
˲˵˾˼Цʱգ¶֪λ˵޷
Щ˱Ҳֻ浱û̫˼һ̾˿ֱӵˣ˵ǳ¼Ҳı֮⡣ҹǼүҹǾͰ˶ͳˡǼ֪Ϣ뾡취Ҹϵİ׮ͳϢǽհŴˡǰˣͼʲôشҲ
ס
˾˼ͷ½⣬Щ˿Ź˾˼øϣǲ¶ǶˣҲ˴˲Ҫƽϡ
ҲҼƲƽϣ˾˼ЦЦ˿ɷɷ֮ڣĳͨ飬λ֮ĳǼǵõġ
ʿ⻰ڨڨЦЦҲҶ˵
˾˼ãһţӡĿ޵üңһһţôˣסһŮӣҪ÷˵ȥһ·ǲҪǡ
ӡ졣
ֹסӡĻӡ㶣̧ͷ㿴͹˾˼վǰ
ˣ
ӡ쾪ϲüͷ㷽ź˵˵ʲôأ
ûʲôӡˣﻹ˵Լ˵ʲôæᣬվҸⲻǣҿڲԣ˵ˣҴˡ
˻ˣӡ˵ţۼҪҸϴ
´α˵ĺ˵ţ˸񣬡Ѿûе̺ãҸλⲻǡ
ˣһվεѾͷ˵ûûá
ĻЦӣֻҪҪΪģôΪҰװ°װ
ǡ
ȥ¶˵ˡ
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˾˼̨ףӦˡɢȥ骺̡
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ſڵһ֪˾˼˵Űӵ£һʱ˵꣬ҲƣòУɴȻطȥȹ˾˼
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˾˼Ⱥ˰ӵ¶ͬҵĽ˵һŻص
صǾȵĺ֪˯ˣŽУ㿴ſڴϣ˯ڴϵģҲ֪Ϊʲôſڴͷ˫ֽŷǰ°ʹȥͷ˯ա
һһרעĹ۲㣬òãĿһһÿһ˿ÿһƤôſһͿԺ˹
ۣͿͷĹ˾˼һһ˫۵ɵԲġ
˾˼̲סЦˣŵˣ
ſһƶˣ
ҲǺܾã˾˼ֱ˦˦Щ֣ƽ͵˯㣬̴㣬ֿ˯̫ÿ̲סͿڡ
˵ֹһӴҪЬͱ˾˼ס˽š˾˼Ьͷʲôȥ
㱻ĶúС㵹ˮ
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ʲô׵㽫ˮݸ˾˼˾˼ӣӹˮһڵ࿴չǺõġ
ûֻǵ˾ʲôʱģ
ҹ
˾˼ҲûץңҴˣûþҲ֪Ȼȥ״ǰˣ֮˾˴˾ݽ˱ֱˡ
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ǿɡ˾˼±ӣش˾Э̺ãıͲڲԶһֻҪǿžС
ǽա
˵Ļƭ˵ġ
˾˼㿪˵ʲô̳㣬վûо˾ˣҲ
عͷ꿡ʵϣһ֣ء
ЦЦҲ޹ؽҪġ
Ҫ
˵ţҲˣ洫ͨ˾˼ô˽ˣҲᣬ͵Ŵ
Ҳֻģδ룬á
˾˼ɫɵЩѿˣڵʲô⣬ֱ˵ɡ
Ҳûʲô⣬üͷŵҾ뿴ǲ滳ˡ


150 
⻰˾˼㶼˴, Ƭ̺, ˾˼żʲôļٵģл٣
û, ˹˾˼һ, ŵﰡ
ͷһμְ˵쾭Ĵ򣬹˾˼Ҳԣ˾˼˿Ƭֻ̺ܵϽ
Щ
ͷ˵һ˾˼Ͻס, ˵ˡֵֻ, ˾˼Щ̲ס, Ҫ, ͺȵЩ
˾˼
ʲôû˵ء
˾˼վһ, һίͰ͵, Ц, գգ, ˾˼ʱָ
һüĿ飬˼ȤζҲõȴʱѰ, һ󣬴ע⵽ǵ򿴿, Ǹһջֽ֣ʵСöˣôĻͷһμ
ôô˾˼ͷֱѯʡͷʼдҩĵ˺ӣӲãúúҿӣҪҪʳȻʵ˶Ҳ𶯵̫ˡ
˾˼üͷȴ֮ڣӦлˡ
д˸ʳƵķӣ㱻ȥ˾˼˷ӣһۣ߳ȥͬľϵĽд򶼸ҽ˿һ顣
⻰ľЩˣæ
ûû£˾˼ڰ֣ȥУҲǴ£ؾˡ
ǣ
ľϵ˻Ͻȥˡ
˾˼˻صǰЩнǸҪҪԵʲô
˯֮ǰùˡڴϣЦŴŹ˾˼Թ𣿡
˾˼ͷƺ˼ʲôҲû˵Ƭ̺󣬳Ϊܸˣ
˾˼عϽͷˣҡҾ̫ˣ
ˣӦЩ֣˾˼㶣Ҹ˵ʲô
ӦúԲǣ룬ܲȥһ
ҡҵ뱧תȦ˾˼Щ˼㡣ҡҪˣܣܵóЩ
⻰㳹׶Цˡ
죬ЦΪƣ˾˼ЦЩȣȥЩյЦˣǽǳɳ㵱Ҳǣ
ǣЦŵ˴ˣԽˡ
һûһ˵Żһ󣬾洫˽ӵ˼
˵꣬ͿЦӯӯǸ˵˵ֶϱϲˣ
쿴˾˼˾˼Цݽסǿô֪ģ
ʵѽЩ֣ҸղԺ˵ġ
˭˵ģ˾˼ЦЩŲסˣǲʲôЦŵ˵ġ
˭˵ģ˾˼ЦݳʧˣС˸תȻ˵Ŀ
ӣ˵ţ⴫ľϵˡ
ľϻ䣬˽˾˼ľкŴһľץһߣѹͬ˵˻¶
Ҿ·شˣľãȻش˵һ졣
⻰˾˼ˣľϺ˵ˣתͷͬ˵ˣֺƲ˵ˡ
ţۡӦö֪ˡ
˾˼һƳľͷϣһһ֣ǽ˵ȥ𣡡
ľϱеɣһ汻õͷһشˡҲʲô˵˰ɣϲ°
ϲ֣˾˼Щһ˻ڴߴת
ӿŹ˾˼תתȥߵ˾˼ȥͱͱ˾˼תˣ嶼üһ
˾˼⻰ʱ侲Ĭû˵ΪǲԸ⣬ѵյÿʼ󰸣ʲô뷨ôüһ
ס
˾˼룬ͬӵ֮ǰ룬Լڲһ¡ɣ֪ͨǱһ߳˽ͬһȥһ¡
㡣ʼ磬ûаҾܸȣҲûʲôν
վŵһ򶼳˽ȷ㻳нˣҿ˴ͬСʳӣڴ£㲢㾪棬ϸϸʵȷѾûţֻһ᲻׼Ҳû̫⡣ƺ鷱æżвʣҲֻ̫ûзϡ
ϸϸ˴̥˾˼һţ˵֮ľҲϢ˵˶Ѿ鷿ˣ˾˼׼𣬱Ҳһͬȥɷ㣿
˾˼㶣ӵкβ㣿߰ɡ
С
ֲǶϹбһ۹ڽŵĹ˾˼㵣ĸʲô
˾˼⻰Ҳû˵Ͻȥ㣬Щ˼ͬ˾˼СЩˡ
˾˼˵ҲǣЩǷ㣬ֻʡȴ˸С
˽鷿骡Ԫڡ˫֮󣬱ȥǼͷһһ棬˾˼˫һۣͬӵ˾ˣΪһ¡
ƺΪüͷЦſ骣˾˼λ骡
ʷشˣȴ˹˾˼Ļվֵ»ɽӣش˿ȥƺʮϤǹȥǼ
û˵Žӡ
ЦЦشˣ
ӣǡ
עǣһվŽ
ɲ֪Ϊʲôһֱڶ˶Ĳüشˣ
ëԪϽŹëˣһȫҷȥϢһ¡
ˡ
Ӳëùܣܿͻõģһճһ˴ҪЩˣǵǰ
ǰǰԪϽû⣬Ҽͺáˣ¹Ԫ
Ԫóƨһ׹Ц˴տǼˣңԣ
Щƨģ̲ЦЦӦ
˼˺󣬴˾˼Ըо骺ͽ֮ղԣɵ˲˵Ҳֻ֪ǵһʺϸյ£ĴһܲҾʴңǲ򲻲飿
˲˵һ󣬹˾˼ŵȥҪ⣬ȣŵļˣҪˣʱЭǣȻйҲйһҪ׷飬ǳΣֻһˣףҪǿдļңӡǣ׷ٳϵǣ˱Ѳ٣Ҫһμı£ļǣնģҪмǧˡ
˵ţ˾˼һȦ骣㽫ٳϵȫ꣬ˣٳϣȫһ飬ʱ˭£㴦αңǣ̫࣬б
˼ס
ڣǴɷһаɷþǡ
˾˼û˵һ󣬹˾˼ͷ˵˼졣ǴˣҪλã˭
ɣԱţһУͰ˵˼αǣ̫࣬˼ͱ飬Ǯ˴𷣡£УɷҪնǧˣ˲ΪǣУնˣ̫ϿĴ彻¡һηͷԪˡԱϣƾٽڼǰЩ´ˣƾҲˣñίɸ߲֡ײԱش˺͸꣬ӦûһЩˣһЩС壬ͨϰգڱһֿɿֵĻϣһСƾ٣ֱӹˣЩר׼һЩγ̣ڶʱ̻Ϥƽ̣ȻһЩʱڣܰ
˼˵꣬˾˼һܱߣƬ̺ҾÿС
ô꣬㶨ɹ˾˼ȥ̸
˿Ҳҹˣ˾˼ȥϢԼԼҡҡ¼ҵλ˽
ѾˣĶʮ⣬˾˼ǵȫҶ˵ʲôȽȥǼ˾˼׷׹˴ˣ˴
˵Цˣ˾˼Цһһǣλ;֪ʮοҹ⽫λйһЩ¶
˲˵ɹ˾˼˾˼£Ըǵ衣ձŹ˾˼ڣǲɵЩ£˾˼ֿλҹضΪһ¡
˴ˣϰһ˲˵ҹô£˺˷޷ǾҪҰ£ףҲˣ˴ӦҲ˵ģŹǼ˰ɣ
λϰ˵ò˾˼ĦŲ豭ĳ֪ˣǲܺú졣
֪ͼ⻰˼˼ڳ˶֪˾˼ôӣŹλǴҲ֪²ֹһˣΪ˹Ű壬Ҳ뾡취ˣһҪӡ
˴ˣϰüͷǰǺͲһ㲻ϷŪҵ𣿡
ôһأ
˾˼̾˿ϰ壬˵ꡣɷ¶ǹġҼȻӦǣȻߵһҺһеķӡ
ʲôӣ
˶˾˼ЦŽǰ̽̽Ȼڴ˴ָЦǮ
˶ˡ
ʱ򣬽ӺվͥԺӿͻȻǰ骣شң
ȭͷ
㲻սġ
ӿƬ̺Ц㵱꣬ǲҵġ


151 
紵Щ䣬骾Ž, û¶, ʼձһ־˵侲, ·ʮһǰһ, ûаָϵ
骲⡣
ףôһˡ
ܵδйķŭӿͷȻݷŭڶԷע£ڱٶ֮ǰһһȴȥȳȥ骾Ȼÿɱ
ǵģɱ
Ķʮһ꣬ˮһ, Ƶע, ˿ɱֿ
ӿб, һֱɫ, ֮, ϸƮ, , תش, ȥɡ
㲻𣿡
ȻӶסӣעͥԺǰһ꿪õĺ, ܾúŵش, ȥˣͲҪˡ
𣿡
骸ִ֪Ϊʲô
֪𣿡
Ȼڣ⻰סˣӻعͷ骡
ʧȥЦƽǷĮ骣Ը𣿡
Ը
骱ʴˡ
һľګǸŮǰⲻŮƮ뷨Сѭ浸أ徭ףȴҲ֪ˮ¶֣ôԸ⣿
骵ɫӴ骣ʵһֱ
һУΪѡԸҿ
ңҲش㣬̧ۿ骣ҲΣҲڡҽ£ʱˣ㲻ͷԸҺңΪɱҡ
Ҳἰ£ǹ˼ҪζʹãӾѹǣ
û˵ӹ֮ת뿪
߽УһΪýûдһŮֻԼһˡ
վһǰ¯ȼ¯иջȦ
 
˾˼Уһֱڳˡ
ѸǮķ˵ˣȴһֱû˵˾˼Ҳʱ룬úүѼһЦݵ˴ˣȻйҲǽֹ
ү˾˼²룬Ӧͬ˵¶ġҲѾæˣҪôվһֱȥƾıһλұŲҪôǰ˵ģǮǾ͵⼸յûз֮ǰŶ֤ݲ٣ɱ˵񼫵˰ɴῼǡλү˾˼ŵɽڣûա
˳Ĭˣ֮ǰѾ˴㣬Ҳ޷ܵĽú󣬳үڵߵ׺󣬵һ˽лˡ
ʣʣµҲ˳ȥ
ȳ֮󣬹˾˼ڷԥƬ̣վֱȥ˽ӵӡ
ݵʱ򣬿ڷпⷬģԥƬ̣ڲų˾ˡ
תͷ˾˼˾˼˸񣬽ӵͷ̸ˣ
̸ˡ
˾˼˵ţ˽Ӷ棬Ӹ˲裬˶û˵ǴˣϸڲҪ׸
赹󣬽ӵʲôʰɡ
˾˼˵þúŵվ˾ʧ̬ˡ
û˵
˾˼ŵǰشǿ˭ġ
кβ𣿡
ҡĲ룬˾˼شʶ
Űɡ
֮ǰʹǷʶشˣ˵ʶ
˵𣿡
ʱ㻹Ҫƭ𣿡
˾˼Žӣűӵֶסˣ̧ۿ˾˼
ӾƬ̺󣬽ӷ˲豭
ûкӣСǽ㵱ԸӿϣŹ˾˼ǽԭӣˣûãֻĸ㣬Сʱúý㣬㸸ĸ̫谮㣬Ҳû̫ģһ֪Ǵģֻδ룬
˵ţǰ̽̽Ϊʲôʶ骣
ʶ㣬ǰ֣Ҳ֪ʶ㣬ȽԼ
˾˼˵ӦһķܵԣҹȥҲԸ֪¶ҲһҪ֪𣿡
˾˼û˵Ƭ̺һڵԸ˵Ҳ飬ʵҲ֪ΣѾ֪ˡֻһ¡
˾˼עŽӣδƣκӰ𣿡
û˵úڵ˵ǸӣҿԿ϶˵ûС
˵ǣˣЦˣĿ˼ΣǾͲһˡ
վߵģ𣿡
˾˼Žӣƽ˼棬һˡ
˾˼һڵأμǡ
Ҽǵá
תͷȥϸ֦ǽˣһ㣬ұ˭ǵ
˾˼ͽӵĻֹڴ˴˾˼֮󣬱С
صʱڴϿ飬˾˼߽æǰȥ˾˼סԼѵ·մȾź
˵ţ˾˼·һߣԼ߽УȻų֣㵽ǰ˱˾˼ˣɿĻ˯
ء
Цŵ㲻ܾٸˣ˯š
Ժһ㡣
˾˼ſ㣬һں󣬿ʼϴϴϣ˵˴ȥϸϸ˵Ű¶
Ѱޣҹﴲͷ˵ĴǼҳ̣ʱվˣҪô̫עЩҪô͵Щìܡڹ˾˼ǲģÿĵ̫ࡣ
˶İţĸҵķӦ˸ҵķӦĲֿ⡣
ֿ½ұֲˣ³¶ҼȥЩ¶ҪǺӳ¶𣿡
˵ţҹ̧ۣһ۹˾˼˾˼⻰ס֣̾˿Щε˵ЦҲŭʵӣ˿ˣһûʵС
ţ
ŸˣкˡɽžЩ£ܾԸǸӣôҪ˵ܲܵá⺢ӵӣϣ㣬룬Ҳŷ֣ʵҲǶϲӣֻΪ⺢ӵĸףҲϲ
û˵˾˼˵ţ˾˼˸ǰŴЩãȻ㻳ԣ㣬ʲôȻҲʲô㰴ԼȥͺãҪѲֿȥҪЩʲôңģȥʲô¶Ҳ㣬ֻԼܡ㻳ӡ
⻰ɵЦŹ˾˼㾻˵Щ׵ġҲܣʹˣʵЩһֱš
šģҲһҪȥ
á
㿿Ź˾˼룬ŵվ˾˺شˡ
ʹˡ˾˼ֱӵԸ˵˽£ҲͰˡ
⻰֪˾˼Ѿõˣֻ˵һȰ̽˽µˣҲûʡ
Ź˾˼Щˣ˯֮ǰ߰Ѱ֮꣬Ҫضְ˰ɣ
ţúͱи
ȥã𣿡
ƺӻû޺ã˾˼̾˿ӦҪɡ
ڶã˾˼컨壬Щʹˣһ£¶еæ


152 
ڶ峿˾˼, ˿ʼȫץǵվѾ, ʣҹһ֮, Ҳֳ쳣Ŀƽ
ֻǶڴ˵Ѿ, ڸ˵ÿȴÿ˵뷨ǹٱŶʱ洦ɼģǼڵĻָãԼһЩͼѵĳ
ޱȣĴſ߳
峿, ˴˳, ŵ˲ֿ֮С
ֿûʣʲô, ˴඼ǰЩʱձ, ɻҲһֿ, 㵽ͷ˹, ȥ֪֮ͨǰ뿪˻, ͬʱȥ֪ͨһֿ, ԿʼͨŻ
Ȼʱ㾭Լңһ¹ڲ, мҶץסǸˣڴ޳ҿ, ¶ģڼͬ˵һһˣ£ȴͲܲȥˣʲôĵ
˺˶Ȼ˵꣬һ߳ȵҶϣ
˵ֻʣûþͱ˻ȥ
Ȼȥ֮󣬴Ǹɸɾ·һжڹһ㣬תͷȥԼҴţүվſڣȥ࣬㣬΢΢˹ӣ˷ˡ
˸үƺƣˣҲûйຮѣ֮󣬱˴ڡ
ĬƬ̣̾һ˷Ż
˾˼磬ص㿴߷Ŵ˱û˾˼߽ӣЦŵģ˭ϰˣ
˾˼ĻعͷЦЦ
ˣ
˵ţҪ˾˼ѣ˾˼סæԸæԸģԼỻ
⻰Ҳûţº͵ųﵽץˡ
š˾˼һ·͵ȥģ˾ݵرһֱͣݣҲתǣһֱӣ̫󡣱޻ƺӾЩԪһˣͲ޺ӣˡ
˵ţ˾˼תϵⰸҪսپ֤ݸ˺شҲ׼ˡ
ͷ˾˼ߵ֣ͷϣ֣ձˣ
ҲǣҡҡͷЩпˡ
Լҵ˵һ˾˼ţ˵󣬹˾˼ŵԴӳӵˣǳ̬ˡһҪһЩӶ飬٣Ȼ󷴲塣ҲǺЦˣ˵ԼҶĲ룬ǨʷԴּ壬ӵŴԼңƽΪʲôŻôһգԲΪĲ¶ɲżŴѡˣͷ˵˶ʲôֻ
ţɵ̾˿󣬻ѣ̫ˡ
˼Ⱦ̰֮ǳˡ
⻰˾˼Ĭԣ㱧ů¯º͵һϰգڰ׷Ǻ¡ΪԱð˵ͨˡ
˾˼ţ˼Ļ
Ļף˵ݵⲻһط⣬ǴٰۡЩԽʢóԽԽôЩˣͳΪ˱ȻôѹˣǮʹ֮£ڳӵԼȨƣҲ޿ת֮¡
ȻȨûƶȹգݵδ̰ٶնˣһ漸ǧĹԱλϣܲպ
ǹ˾˼Լ
˾˼룬ԼݣĸҲǴС˽̵ҲΪͶڹٳһϵһܱ߷ˣʮʮܱ꣬ȽЩԱõȥ
Ļ˾˼ļ磬ˣú׬ǮǣЩġ
Ӧ
ץ˼˺󣬹˾˼㿪ʼ
ãӽϣ㿪ʼˡ
骸Ԫ׼˶֤ݣ˼ԶĿڹϺӸҳѲĽץ˵Уһһ
Щ˵Ĺϵʼݣ˾˼õһ޴һºˣ֮ȫѺ
ǣԱһʮˣԱʮˣдնʮˣദȣܻһ·
Ĵ󰸣˾˼ûضȥְõʾѡӹ˳бְ֮骺͸Ԫӹݣ̼ܻƺӣŽӡҶһ˶
һ㻳У˾˼ܲıȻȥǰһҹշת࣬˾˼ŵһ̣º͵ô˯
ԥƬ̣ڵûضʵҲûضźӣ֪Ը¶Ҳԣҡ
˾˼ĻڻƬ̺̾˿
ȥȥɣʲôԣ
ûг˾˼º͵·һúչ㣬µġ
ͷ˾˼Ǹĸףǲ¶Ҫһ˳еġ̫ˣҪԵ֣ܻܲ˺ӣˡ
ЦЦ˵󣿡
ҲǸ˵ģֱס˾˼ʲôû˵
ڶգ˾˼²Ȼһض
գվ˶ſڣʱоŸߴ󣬵·ϣ
ֻ粻ǵһ붫ʱСͷһ۶ŵң㽫ͷڶƽ˵˾䣺ǰɡ


153 
֮󣬹˾˼ȥݼ˹ʻͽᡢ, ͬǱƽ, ˾˼ϴ֮, ŽӡҶһ˹š
Щʱ, ˾˼֮󣬷㼱ǰȥס˹˾˼æ˰ˣ
һ̬˾˼㶨, ƴվ, Ϊ, ǳ֮, û಻ࡣ
ݵ, Щ, ̾˿, ù˾˼, ˱ȥ֮ʱҾ뵽ףȴû뵽סô, £ȷ̫Ϊˡ
˵ţ˿ڲ, ̾Ϣˣˣͬ˵˵ɡ
˾˼ǰͬ˵֮󣬹˾˼ӷڷϣʣµĹԱ뻹ڶ֪´Σ
û˵þú󣬷ڵӼȻˣǾһȥûа쵽һͷĵҲϾҪǣ¶ҶٰţȻˣһ٣ɡ㣬֮ǰ˳ڶѰҲˡ
⻰˾˼㶣ʶſھ͵ɻƺӡ
ͼµ£ƺţٻȥ
˾˼û˵ˣ룬Ӧǡ
ҶҶ䣬󽫰ӵ²ݲ˵һЩ˿ɫҲˣ˰䲻öš
˾˼֪뵥ӦӺҶҲǶµģԸ˺󣬱뿪ȥ
Ƕˣ˾˼Уʲôû˵ͷŲ衣
ȥɫЩƣ˾˼ȥ⼸£ƺЩ˾˼ˣɵõ±塣
⻰ЦЦ˰ˣˣҲ뱣أܱصˡ
˵ţŲ豭º͵˵ϱϲˡ
ǣ·Ǹڶʹҳ˾˼⻰ҲزסǷ˼ϱϲǣࡣ
ͷһ̥Ǹкͺˡ
˵ţЩпǶкúá
˾˼⻰ƷƷмǽ̫÷ˡ˿̫ӽ˺üλʦѧҾ䣬ǲЩʦĻʱʱԡޱ̫ܰܰﲻ⣬̫ӸͬҳҶҲǲԸġ
߶߶߶ţ˵ţ̧ۿ˾˼̾˿ͣ½İͽ½ƣ̫ӣպŰš
˾˼׹ʵ֪Ƣܸ뷶ǲԸˣҶֱҲǷϲġ˾˼һ˾˼棬ǰӵܣˣҲǼ򵥵ġ½ʦ½ʲôˣûĲƨ˾˼½ѧƾֶΣպһ񣬵Ǽ򵥵ģֻǶ˿ԸԸѡ
ǹ˾˼Ը׷淶˳ŷĶ˵¶պڳãҲ֡
˾˼˼ţͻȻ˵귶½˶½Ϊʦͽԭʱ򣬾Ѿ뵽պô÷ˡ
˾˼һ룬һǳӣԾкŵ˵Ǿʵ棬¾ͱ̭ˡ
⺢Ӱ̾˿һҪͬҴΪΪʲô
˾˼û˵ŵ½ȻˣվԼˣҪڳ㣬չҪԼһôˣƾٵöһЩʷǰĴ󿼣㵱٣Ҫú˼
˾˼ӦŵƽΪ£ԸҲҪյӣǲˡ¶˵ָʹģҲ¶жΡ
ˡ
˾˼˻Ͻȥֵ̫Ӱⰸѹ壬̫Ӳ£ȴһϧŵˡ
ס˾˼æڳصúøº̫ӣǡ
⻰ƺ˿ƽ͵һİӣɡ
⻰˾˼㶣˾˼ѹѵ壬öΪǰ;롣
ǡ
ҪˣǸùӸ㣬Ҳûʲôӣձ۵ģͼ㰲ȡͲСˣµö࿼ǿǡ
˾˼˵ˣһ˲䣬źӣ㣬ͻȻ뱻һƣŵĵˣ۵ڰɪɪ
ļվߣ÷ȥɡ
˾˼Ӧŷһȥš
һ÷Ī٣Ȼһٷ˾˼ȴǳԵġ
극󣬹˾˼ԥƬ̣ڵȥ
壬̧ۣ롣
˾˼˵ˡ
˼̫ˡ
û˵֮󣬸ŷ˳ȥŷһڷźô뿪Ź˾˼ſڣЦŵ˴˿ȥ˰
˾˼ǿЦЦŷ˫ַǰɤѹ˼֣Ȱŵ˴ˣЩЩһҲСˣסˣǾƽơеãЩǱסģαذԼҲȥ˵ǰɣ
˾˼û˵ú΢΢ӣ˵ǡ
˵֮ŷ񣬱ȥ
ʱҹѾʼ˾˼ǰ˳˿̴һɫۣͷڣʧ˴֡ûϵȺõΪ˱ܺڳ棬Ҳû˾˼߹ȥ
ãҲûŹ˾˼˳̲סǰȥŵʿλɼˣ
ʿʶó򣬲ɵЩ죺ͳ𣿡
㶣֪ãϽȥ
ȥݺˣ̫ۣŹ˾˼
ڳ̲ҩӡ˽Щż˲ˣүˣ
⻰Щˣл򶨣æôģ㽫˽йʡ
ӡӦæóڵϣսս˵ˣ㾲ţúûƼˣʿȴ˵ˣ
ӦŵˡСĴˣ̫ˣСġ
أ
ֱӿڣӡ㶣ȥҡ
ӹǰʼҡ
ӡȥó˵һ飬룬ֱȥ˸Ժӣҵڻ͵Ľӡ
ӱ˴һƬнг㣬üˣ
˼ˣûʲô򶷺ۼǱҲûϢӦԸؼң֪ڹ˵Щʲô
㶣Ƭ̺üͷ룺ҲûʲôҪ˵ʲôĵ¶
û˵ȥƬ̺ͻȻ
㶣˼ϧ̾ϢһΪǴû뵽ž˼
˾˵˼ǣ
̽ѯʣӽ͵ף˵ɱ˼Զ¶һ˵ţûϴֻǽѺΣұΪǴһ㴦ˣ˼ֹԣΨһܾǣþ˼á
Ϊʲô
ѿڶȴЦˣΪʲô˼Ǳһĳ購ֶմͣǱ¶ôݵþ˼а覴ã
ôһ˵ʱˡ
ʱӡҲת˻ͬˣˣ˵үһڽϣʲôûߵˡ
û˵Ƭ̺׼˳ȥ
˾˼һڽ˺ܾá
̫һȥҲ
ľľģоԼļţһֻϺűЦı
һֱ룬ڹôͲ˵أ
ŵʱôͻͬŷ˵һ䡰˵ǡأ
ͷһֱߣ޴йķƴͷӿ
ҵ˵ʱԶԶͿ˾˼ĿǰߣԾĵͷƺ˵ήҡ
Ľֺܷܱߵ˺ǲͬǶŻѣžµķ˵ĻǴĹٻǻԲ
Ĺ˾˼ȴĹ˾˼Ȼͬ㿴Ǹһһ糯꣬ͿһƺȻ˵ˣЩš
оۡ
һһ˼
˾˼תͷԶ㡣
һɫȹ˰ɫ磬һյƣһ磬վڲԶ
ƻӳһ⣬˾˼㶣㿴˹
ʲôû˵ֻǽºչ磬ϡ
ϴ¶ȣů֫ѪҺ
˵ɾҲؼҵ·ˣ㡣
㿪ڣЩɳơ˾˼ŵƣϵĹѹʲô
˵飬㿪ڳѹˡ
ʲô
߸Ĺ£ǻ⻹ĸһ
Ҳѹ˾˼Ȱúõģˡ
Ҳѹ
ϵ˴ӣȴû뿪ֶڹ˾˼ǰͷ
˾˼Ļѹǣ˵ʥ͵ұ׷ɱһ߸̫ӣְλ
˾˼û˵ˣ̧ۿһ˫ͨ͸·ʲôˣһǵ̥ô˷


154 
紵м䣬ǵķһ𡣹˾˼ڻ谵ĵƹ¿ͷ, ͻȻЩƲסԼ, ͵˵, ס˵, ȥ
֪˼
߸ҲȴԾɳͥצʥҲЦȴҲ˶սʤ
λȴʧ漺ĵǡӱѹ˱ѹ˵ˣ˶·ֻء
ϧĲ߸ҲǴʥ˾˼
ںҹǰУ޷ǾԼ֪, ·ȥ, һһܸʡһ½һ˼Զ
Ϊǰ, ⲻֻ֪ȥʲô
ˮ, ͷһһǰ, ˱ԭҪȥﶼˡ
˵⻰֮, ·ںҹȻ, Ȼץס˾
һ, ַſ磬תȥ, ͬȻȥɣҪٽһˡ
ҴŸϹȥɵЦ, Ը
˾˼СŰ˰֣ûͷĻӦ֪ˡ
˾˼һ·عУͨ
ЩֻҲӼ˾˼˷̹ˣŹ˾˼Щ죺ʲô˼
£İӣ΢󡣡
üͷ˾˼ڵϣ°ϧ΢ϣ΢ָܹ𣬿ҪǵˣǱ˵ˡ΢ֵܣ֮£ȷ΢̵޷΢һͬеҲˣʸΪ˱סԼǲ壻°ɷˣҺĹϵҲָָ㣬ʶ˼һ˰
˴ˣ˼ֲ죬ˣ
µ˼ף˾˼ɫƽɱ¿سصĲǳһֱճѲ壬ҽ̫и΢
û˵þú󣬷ڵԣİӣǲˣ
ˡ
һһأ
˵ȻȴҲ´󹦣ӣҲ
ô죿
ԩ
˰İӣҲҪԩ

˾˼õĳĬ
˾˼ڵϣþúþãŴε˾˼֪㵱ةġ
΢лº񰮡
δܴ˹ܱ£ϣ̫
Ρ
֪Լʲô
֪˾˼ڡ
ΪʲôЩ꣬˾˼̧ͷŷΪˣҪ
˵ˣŹ˾˼
þúһڵȥɡ
˾˼֪˽ߵףվ˳
鷿˼Уʮָˣȵ˼ˣȥ˵תһȦ
ܾгæԼ˾˼ŵλϣ˵ȥɣ
ð
Цº͵ͬ˵ʲô
ͬ˵ҲˣԸ
˾˼˵ţ㽫Լͬ¶ͬ˵һ飬㾲ţ˾˼ǻӹʵ֪ô졣ڹٳˣԸҲԾȾ˹ٳϵƢȨף˽ϸԽ࣬ԽߣԽࡣʱ̫ˣԸôĶˡ
ã˾˼㣬۾ĵڣҾ;·
ţЦˣḧŹ˾˼ͷ룬Ҳ֣˵ǲ̫ˣ
ţ
޻ƺӣӣǣе㡭üͷ˾˼Цˣֱӵе̫ˡ
ͷ˾˼۾ƽʵҲסҪһˣȥƽܴˡܴ˲ϲȨƣºִةŴܴоɣṆ̀Ᵽ̫ӣպܴ˺̫˳ͻةԼǸۻԱҪһȷ̫ӵ̫ӵ̫̫ӣ̣ǻἤܴ˺̫ӵìܣҲƫܸʣһϳҶǵ˵
˾˼˵ţ۾ȥҲֻˡ
ͬǵĹϵãպΪܴ˵𣿡Щ֣˾˼ЦصĲҺܴ˵Ĺϵܴûаֹϵмˣ֪Ҿݵ£Ը°ȵģҪִʵֻҪ̫ӲҪ̫ʧܴ˺ҵȸ±ˣҲᰲȼȥȻϲ񣬿һǻᾡΪͱ°ȡ
ĬţЩԥʧأ
˾˼û˵Ƭ̺עҪˣȻ֮
벻𣿡벻̫Щˣѵ֪һ̫ʧ˷ִ磬Ҳ𣿡
˾˼̾˿˼ΣʵҲúѡΨһĶӣȻƢţվûзʲôһҲΪ˷̫ӣο̫ǱΨһãˣҪ˭˭ǶԲ˳һӵǻǷˣȻѰ
ɱҲóԶ̫ӣյǻ̫ɿأʲôʲô˭˵ķ´ԱĲ֡
ûи̫º·
һãûг׵׵̫ӵɣֻÿλϰʵˡǰܸʣة壬˾˼̲
Щڣһգ죬Ҳɱⰲ
ѾΪҾˣֻʼջ˽ģϣԼΨһܹúõġϣ˾˼ֻһ飬ϣ˾˼ܹվȽŸΪһܸܺƽˡ
ܸ뷶񲻶Ըܸʿŷ񳤴ʼΪǸӣֲ󿴵ȥԷһӣ̫һ϶ʮַԣܸʺ֮ǣܸλȨأǱ۸úˣκβܸʣҪߵȥǷˣһ
Ҫһ˾˼ܼҽãȰܸʣܺŷ÷ΪԼһƽܸʵ壬ߵȥУ󣬻һգҲ׸׵Ŀġ
͹˾˼Щһ㲻ɵ̾ϢҲף²Ǳ£ҲͲôˡ
˵ţŵСֻǣǡ
û˵˾˼ȴѾˡ˾˼̾˿ҡҡͷʲôû˵
ڶ峿˾˼ȥ㣬Լȥ峿ȥͬҶһľӪ״ù󣬹˾˼㣬Ҷϲɵõô磬˴ǽʲôȥ
ȥЦЦŵһͬȥ𣿡
Ҷ֣̾˿ȻҪȥġ
ͷҶһͬϣ뿪֮ǰǾ춯صһޣɵЦ͵͵ҶϡҶϿЩڵʲô񣿡
뿪գ˿һ졣
Ҷ⻰֪Ҫʲôˣһˡ
ȥͦġ
赭д˵һ䣬룬СϣҶϵأҲСˣ常Ļô
ǹܵģҲҶ˵ҵġҶƽ˵ʵʵҲûжҾǾãҼ޸˭Ҿͼ޸˭ҵĻܸ˴ֿҲǺõġ
㡭üͷҶЦЦ˵ҲЦ֮ǰǸ࿴˽ˡҲ˼˼ġ
˵ţҶƺЩ˼ͷǼ޹ȥһҲݣպӦҶҡ˼ҡҲһҲΪ幱˼֡޸ˣҲ棬ûжԲ鹡ֻû뵽ˡ
Ҷ˵ţ̾˿תͷ⣺Ҳˣһᣬᣬδ¶ɡ
˵˵ȥЦǲ˵
ҶϳĬȥû˵þúŵңҺãңΪѡ˵ϲң̣⣬Ҳ̣ˡ
˵ˡЩɻ󣬡޽˾ˣ㲻̣Ӧ㵹̣
⻰ҶϿЦ㲻
Ҷתͷȥ˰ɣɾúܡ
⻰ˡ
Ҷϣ·𵱳ԼԹ˾˼Ƿݸ飬ܾ䲻ϡΪ˼أ˾˼ĸյɾúܡ
ͻȻôָͬܣֵǣԸ䲻Ϲ˾˼ȴû˰뷨Լı仯ɵЩҶϼ㶣Ҳû˵һٵȵȾͺˡ
ʲôأҶЩɻȴЦٵȵȣ֪һ˵һţжô档
вȱ̥ǡ
ɡ
Ҷ̾˿˵ţ㵽Σ֮󣬾Ϳ˾˼Ҷſںǣ˾˼æǰȥҶϼҶҶʺһҶȻ
ҶӦһҶ˵ʲôȴҲֻüͷʲôû˵
ĸһΣû߽ȥ
룬û¶Ÿ衣
ҲûʲôĻĶɽկĸ裬һγ˼կӵĸоƺʱؾͻŴ󵶺ɽҿ
ĸ߽ȥηţ磬ӣ´δӽ
á˾˼˿ڡ
˾˼Ȼ˱͵ػͷ˾˼Ͻ˵Ÿ磡
˾˼Ц֪磿
磬Ͻֺõ׸硣ôˣˣ˶˰ɣش˺òãʲôˣ㡭
㻹ô⣬˾˼ôʡһԼʲô
ҴˣϽڣ´Ҳˡ
´Σ˾˼࿴㵹ȷû´ˡ
⻰㶣ҶҶ⻰Ҳ𾪿˹Ҷ̵¡
˰˾˼һǣڶԱϣ󰸡ΪĹϵǣУΪϴָʹɱ˼ԶɣҵʲôȻҲȥ󰸡ñ¸һٵĻᡣ
Ǳ¸ҵĿ顣˾˼ûа˵Ц˵Ҹô졣
˼Ҷڣ˾˼ŭȳ˵
û˵Ƭ̺ƽŸҪµˣ˱µĿ飬Ÿ˰ƽƷҡֱˣպ˵ǴةءʱŸ绹һΪհ¡
Ҹô졣˾˼аӱܣ̾˿ȻҪСɷôУôСŸҲģҿɡˣ塣ûģôУô˭˵ָʹˡ
ǲΪҲУ
˾˼˼ŭ⣬Ź˾˼ɫһƬŸ磬֪ﲻܡԣҿԸ˽ԸΪѡԸ˽ˣǾηɱɾϴˡ
Ҳǳ嶯¶Ź˾˼µʱʼҾôˣҲ㣬ˣһ·ϲ
˾˼û˵ˣǰƬ̺ͬԱһš
ŵˣ俪ţ˾˼㵽ſȥ˵˽µĻ
ԥƬ̣Ź˾˼ݣǳȥſڵš
ųƬ̣洫ĺ
ӣӣ
˾˼ηȭߣڼĴӴܣҶҶϽȥŹ˾˼˾˼һһ㻹粻£ʲô룡үӢۣҽˣ
¶Ķһӵֵ𣿣
˾˼ţȴ׷ҪԱҶȰ裺ˣ֣֡
ҲǸϽ侲ЩҪҲȥ¶С
ҶĻҲʱűͱ˺üãĻġ
Щ˾˼Ҳˣ˶һŴҺ˵ϱǷ㡣
Ÿ֪ˡ
ͷһߣͷϴ
˾˼˻֪ΪʲôͻȻᵽ˵ʻ顣
ĺһľľϻҲЩ
˾˼˵Ÿ磬ıΪѡ
ΪүΪѣ
˾˼ҶԱ߿ˣӣ㲻󣿡
󡣡
˾˼Ťͷʲôһȥ޻ƺȥҾڻƺӲˣҺͻƺһųࡣƺ޳곤޻ⱲӶضһ޺ˣ
ҶԱţ̲סЦ˾˼俴һۣҶϸϽһҶ档
Ź˾˼˵סЦһͬԼǴԼ¶Ÿôһ˿պ¶֪˶㣬ܷ㲻ܡףҲѲѹʲ
㲻ɽһ˳ԱȫҲɽˣ˼ΣȻ˹˼ңиˡ
û˵һߣͷֻԼþò
ҶߵȥС˵仰ưˣ
֪ˣɩӡ
ڿڣɳţȴظһ飺֪ˣŸ磬ɩӡ
֪һˣһҡ
˾˼⻰Ҳûӵģڴϣ򴽣ڵúˣֻҪҲӣҲûһҪɡӦӣҲţǳˡ
šͷûг˾˼ŵһ취ȥܴؽϣúøܴ¶պҲǳ嶯飬ϲЩ秵飬ʲôĶ࿴
á
ûյĻѾʲô˵ǣʲô˵ã˾˼Ҳûˡ
һ󣬹˾˼߳ȥſڣͬҶЩӸ͹һʲôѧˡ
ҶͷƵµģֹĻɣ
˾˼ĬƬ̣úŵ±ҵ˴οƿ١
Ҷ㶣Ƭ̺̾Ϣ˼
˾˼תͷҶЦЦԸҼֵܣա
ţ˾˼ЩףҶЩ˼ȴǵģ㣬Ҳˡ
⻰˾˼ҲЦˡ
Ҷļ磬ֻܵϱǷҾӣҲˡ
˵ţЩѹģͬҶпҸоԼᣬ˸ӡҵ飬Ѿǰܵˡ
ʲô飿
ԱЦŲ죬˾˼̾˿ǳ


155 
˾˼ϣûм, ˰, ˾˼ϵ, ûȫ, ͬͬ˰ֻǽİ
ڳ͢ϸģһö֮˾˼վǰ·, ûƬ, дվ, ɱ˼Զһδ, ϵ, ùͬһͬ, ǲס
⻰, ̧, ˵˵Ҳʱ˵˵ǲҲ˹ϵеúܣӴͷβ͹˰ģʱ, Ҹʵ
һĻ̬ȣҲҶ˵ǿнϵѹȥ󣬵ȵ³, 㽫˾˼˹ȥ
˾˼鷿ںȲ裬һȥڵϸҲûŲȰ˰ӣֽƾ֮¡
˾˼Щ׷ΪʲôǽƵλϣҲû˵ֻǵ㲻ԸҲ㣬üţ޿԰ѹ˴£մ±ضΪһ۵㣬δͱ˿ڡ
΢ס
˾˼æش𣺡΢֪һƬġ
̾˿Ҳûٶ˵תͷͬ˾˼˵һϸڣ˾˼վµʱ򣬹˾˼˶ҩһҩû
ȳ֮ЩԼ֪˷ԭ򣬵¶޿תҲֻ鷢֮ǰ¶Щ
ù˾˼ӣҪΪ˶ЩΪʯù˾˼ֿƿһ£˳¡
˾˼Ѿ๩ʣڶ참ֱӿʼץˡ
ǣģǰˣǰͺǱвٵĹϵֻҪ޻ƺӣǷƵĺûᡣЩ㣬˾˼ڼ䣬˼ҸۡˣʲôݶùʻͽᶼҼˣ񶼲š
㱾Ҳǲ˾˼ЩʲôģֻĿ˲֪ôͶնҪͬ⣬Σ׹ɴл˿ˣÿմڹ˼Ҳҳš˻ȥ
¶ȥҲϰˣѿҲûʲô˼
˴£󵽶նǣˣһǧ֮ޡ
ǴĽİӣڴҲټ˴󰸣һʱ֮䣬͹˾˼Զ֮֮ģȴǽ˵ү
ʢ֮£ɹ˾˼һοƾ٣Ҳûж飬֮䣬˼ҫǹ˾˼ִ˴οƾ٣ڴ˴οƾиУҲͼӳ˹˾˼һѧ˾˼ضһƽĿԣδǰ;ǶܳΪѧҲһ¡
һǾʮ³ȹȥࡣǾǰҲ׹˾˼˼дݡ
ʮ³һ˾˼㡢ҶҶһǸһ֮ߵģ£żֽŶȥʮֳء
ԾɴЦЦʣȹȥȷǳࡣ˾˼˾ƣһ˱ӣЦȥ֪ʱǹڣʱ䣬ҡ
˵Ҷ̾˿ģǶ취
ЦЦͷУ֪һ취
ҶĵЦ־еգʲôִҶƺ͸ЩתͷŹ˾˼Ƭ̺ڵ磬ˡ
˾˼ƽ˸ܴȥƽ鿴ҲϴСˣܺ͸ɽһ
֪Цһúÿ顣
ս㵱أսϺúýҵҲһҵ
֪Щ˼ҵ¶Ҿˡ
˾˼û˵һ
ţЩ⣬˾˼濴ĳǶҪһˣűȨͬһǡ
⻰ɵˣ˾˼ĿŲŲ֪һֻӥأҺڶ㣬ʱ򣬵ٹʱִʣὣشĽɽա
û˵
Ź˾˼Ļоʲôķڲݡ
ԱߴٲĴߴعЩǱͷУ֪ˡ
˾˼ļ磬룬ȥԱߵǣ㻹˭˵䣬ͺ˭˵ɡ
⻰ѵԣǹ˾˼һߣҶϽҲˣʣҶϻԭأЩ
ҶϣƬ̺ȴ˾䣺꼸ˣ
Ҷ㶣û뵽ôһ⣬ЩãȻʮš
껪
Цˡ
Ҷû˼վԭأ˳ĬţעһЦŵȥɣúþӪ̣õǮĹ
ҶĻɵסʶûͬ˵𣿡
˵ģûţҲ˵ˡ
תͷԶ˵ģҲ˵ˡ
Ҷţ򴽣Ƭ̺ȴǵ㻹𣿡
ŸȻǻġƽظҶϿȻͬ˵Щʲô𣿡
û˵ˣҶϡҶЩţȴǵҼǵã˵Ȣҡ
⻰Цˣǡ
ôҶϿҿԵ㣬Щ
ǰüۣĻֻϲȻûлӦ濴ȴֻǵ㲻ؿңҲͬ˵Щ
Ҷϣ֣ԼúáΪ˺ãҲŻرˣ޸ңֻΪϲ֮ɣҶܡ
ûСҶϼпڣȴҲɵġ
濴ҶϣҲףȴǶģӦңֻһضͷҸЩԸ޸ңҲֻΪΪѣ׮£ҸЩ
Ҷϲ˵ˣȴ˱˭ͨ͸˭
ҶϲЦȴϲ㣬ԲϲңȴϣӦңֻΪϲһݺúҲᾡضһʱһݣҲв鹵Ʒʱϲңұضý泡̧Ȣ㣬һ˿ţ޸ҲΪͣҲݡ
һ֮ǰϣҲһüᣬúʵˣޣøˣͼޣҲܸˣΪúáûʵˣҲ£һһֱ㣬гһգֻҪϲˣʱأȢ㡣
˵ţЩ˼Ա߹ٲֺһˡ
ͬ˸һתȥͬһԶȥˡ
ҶϿӰŷƵ£ϰٽѹ͵ı
֣Լڿһƽȵ̬
ܾɣܾ޷ĵ뷨ͼȻԶʱͻȻʼס
ǲܱ˭˭ס
ֻЩˣö࣬յöࡣһ£ˡһˣ밮㰮ˡ
ûԥҲ޳ɡ
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156 
ߺ󣬵, ˾˼Ҷ˹Ժ, ʼ׼ƿһʱ
˴ι˾˼, ҶӴЭɷⶨ, ڿƿǰһϣŽ˾˼С
һԣÿҹһ˹ɣڶΪٳ£ǲۡ
һڰ·ݣȻһ³, æ, ǱƳٵʮ, ѡιʵ֮, ˽Ҳͬ˾˼˵, ˴, ڲ, ǰ, ;С
Եʱ򣬹˾˼ҲţҶһֱڹԺ, û¶ȥѲ顣
˾˼ǰ鲻У꿼, 鿼Щֶμֱòˣÿ춼Ҫץӳȥǿûм죬Ҳû˸ˡ˾˼Ҳڿӡȥ
п꣬ˣȴȫһ𣬵˰ѾӺ֣ӣܳ
֪ģﻹôֹǹԺŵʱ絽˹ԺſڣͿһһ߳еĻϲأеĹǺһλţͷɢ˳ȥȻֱ˻Ǻӡ
㱾˾˼ģȴɵñЩĿ⣬ǡ
ЩһҪʱˡ
һӣŬʱʱҪʱ
໥ʶģŰ飬˵Ŵ˴οԡĿ˵Ź˾˼
˴飬ʷĿˣݵ䣬һô죿
㲻صģһʿȥǣ˴ıʿͷս¸պԣսգ࿼ѧʣ˴Ȼᣬȴһ֪νѧʶ㲩˴֮ܣ̨ɷġ
˴˵п֮ܰǰǸŵǰֻŹ˴޻ƺӣ̰٣ֻ˴ʵ֮ܣѧʶҲǳڡ
˵Ŵ߹ȥŴЦЩ˵
Ҳ֪ģЩô˾˼;úܾЩ֪˾˼ǸˣҪ۾
˾˼ڿգڲųӣ˰񵥡
Űգ˾˼Ż˹˸㱾ΪҪŻû뵽˾˼Լ˼
ôæû𴲣Ժ˯ţ͸оһ⣬ͻȻƿ˱Ѽ˽
ý˾˼һ§סϽң
㶣˾˼㣬ƺƣˣ˯˯Ҳ˯˯
㿴ɫЩûع˾˼ܺһƬʱضˣ˴ģҲ֪˾˼ôˣ֪˾˼ôʲôɾ˹˯ˣ㲻ףҲͲˣһͼ˽ȥ
ůӵı˾˼㣬һ̾ϢǱϱ˯
ԺģҲù˾˼˵öԣּ˼˸ʵƣס
Щɵʱ룬๫ں˯
㻳У˯ñҲЩ֮ǰ֪ÿն˵ǿ¶֪ˣԼ˯Ϲ˾˼⼸գ˯Ҳã˻ˣﰲ˯Ҳࡣһ˯ͣöˣԺ
Ź˾˼Ҳˣ˭һ˾˼ˣڻŽҾöˡ
Ūȥԡ
⡣
ãЦŵŪһ⡣
˾˼ͷ˲䣬ԹԺҲ¶ˣˣʱ俴ôӣͷըˡ
ĻЩ֣Ծѣѵ޻ƺӻۣ
ۡ˾˼ϵۡ
Ը׼˷˺ϴĶԸʼϴ
˾˼ڴϣͷɢϴһûһģĵô¶ô
¶飬ˣ˾˼ץץԴЩҿҲͰˣһ붼Щƨͨ£ôôͨģ飬Ҳǿ
⻰̲סЦˣ֪˾˼ǿӿˡת˸˵Ļû㿴źõģ
Ȼеġ
˾˼˵Щˣ˵˺ü˵£Ϊֻ֣֪ܵݣ㾲ţʱʱĻʼ䡣˾˼˵øˣͣһԷһһģȿʱ򣬹˾˼ͻȻƣ˵Ҳζɣ
ûаЦŵ˵ʲôŶˡ
˾˼㶣Ƭ̺һ⣬ߵ˵ѽ˵˵¶ɡ
⻰ЩգҲ˵֪ʲô˵ġ
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˾˼̵ͬ˵˵ôģ
룬شÿ𴲣ȥͬʰȻͬĸ˵Щȥݿ㿴ͻ飬˯
˾˼ţ˵󣬹˾˼Щɻ󣺡Ȼأ
Щ
˵󣬹˾˼ЩΣ㣺ʲô
һһʮÿճԹĶˡ
˾˼ʲô·ÿ촩·ˡ
һһĻش𣬶׼÷·ñʼ¼һ˱ʲôҲؾء
ô˵Ż˷ʹҶй˾˼һ빬ͨ˾˼æ㣬ҲҪ¡
˵ţŻȥ·֪·ƽն㲻Ųæȡ˹ٸͬʱ˺磬˱衣
˾˼ʱﴩ·Ź˾˼ȥ˾˼ŹٷͷϴŹñԼԼŽᣬȴææˡ
˻ȴһץס磬˾˼Ҫʲô£Ϳż⣬Աһ¡
˾˼㶣̧ۿ㣬˴ѹЦ⣬˼˸ɬº͵Ҳ˵һ£Ҳôζ
˾˼⻰˵һס֮䣬ס͡ôôôλ˼ڡ
գæҶ绹ڵţȥ
˾˼׸ˣݺһڣڲŷſˣˡ
۾ԹϽ
˾˼Źģ˳ȥŲתȥתýŲ˾˼̽ӣۿԺÿôҺòã
㱻ˣԱܳһ˳ȥ߳ٲߣҾ빬ȥ
˾˼ҳŵϽͷˡ
ȹ˾˼뿪Ц˵˾䣺
ǵĽһҲڳ䶨һǣ֮ࡢ֮㡢Ӱ֮ԶϴŵĴ󰸡
˰ڴĿƽ䣬ʷ޺Ӵ󰸡˰˴µ۶ھɳǿӲ̬֮ȣԻƺΪ׵˹˰֮󣬸غǿ׷֮Խǡ
뷶λһˮǴߵģǴ޺һ󣬽˿ƾٵĹ˾˼
λΪĹ飬Ŵδйٶȣ̳Ѹ˶˵֮ǰ˾˼֮λǷǿôڿƾ֮Ѹ볯鲼͢ƺӣǹ˾˼֮λǳ׵ˡ
ȹ˾˼ӻƺӹ㽫֮ϣܸʺĵˡ
ʱ겻ʮһ꣬ѡ
һˣɡ򼵶ʡ͡
ΪŵĻ⣬෹󣬶֡ÿγȥܴӲͬ˿У˾˼֡
Ź˾˼;Ź˾˼ļͥŮ׷ţ˾˼Ǹʵɾ
㾲ЩۣоԼ·ǻһĥĥ˹ԡ
֮󣬱ǵԡҪڿȻΪ޺һ³ּ͢Ȳ㣬ֻǰԣս˰ȥ
ʮѮ˾˼˵ԣɷѡǰףѸºǽ˴ĵһƾ١
ƾٽ죬˾˼ŷ鷿
ˣԽƣ˾˼ʱܸоֽű˾˼Ҫ൱ӣǧգָűء
ָҰŹ˾˼ĻЦָģǰ
ог˾˼ŷϣº͵Ҳֻǰűµæˡ
Ź˾˼ĻҡҡͷƺЩˣŷů¯ӣ˶ϣⱲӣҲѾˣ޴˴ģδĴģЩ˵ġ
尡˼ŷæҩ裬źҩ裬󣬽ŵûôˡ
Щˣܺã޺οҲܸˡڣ޾ͷˡ
Ƕᣬ˾˼ｻ֮⣬æ̱շ
Цû˵̧֣Ĺ˾˼ļ硣
ƺкܶ໰Ҫ˵ȻȴҲֻ˵˾䣺·ϣչ㡣
˾˼û뵽㶣Ц·ģչ˺ӵġ
ЦЦѼù˾˼ȥ
ȹ˾˼ߺŷ˲裬¶Թ˴ˣֱǵ׶һ㿴ˡ
ŷĻЦЦʱ򡣡
ŷû˵˲裬⣬ƺѹѹһƬЩʱҲֻûµ磬һֻŰաҡȨƣûʱūϣҲûʱúùܽ
ūǷӣҲǷĸ
ŷ֪λ޸鼫ãȻūȴ뷶̫·ûкúõ˲ڷСʱ御
ū󣬷ֻзһӣҲһֱûȢ˶ΪǷū£Ȼŷȴ⻰ֶζ
ԼԼ
ŷ̾ϢЦЦȴǵǻ󣬺úý̵û뵽ȴʱˡ
ãԶɫ˼ֿɬĲ
˵ţƮѩ
˾˼Źۣ˫£Уһ·ӹ߳ȥ
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157 
ƾ֮󣬹˾˼ڷĬ, ֶЩʱաܸͬʡӡһ, ͬź˴˴ѡγ˵ȥ, ˾˼ȥݼ˷񼸴Ρ
̫λĥ, ҲǷѵöˣȹȥӣȻԾɿŰЩҲǸ˵ġ
֪˾˼ĳ購Ҳ֪˾˼ǷպˣȻϲ˾˼, Ҳǿ, ÿι˾˼ȥ, ˾˼˵仰
˾˼ܸͬЩ˲ͬ, 뷶ͬ, ְ, ÿȥ, ҪЩ˼Ķ, ŵιȥźûǶ˼, 񷴶Щϲ˾˼
һι˾˼һֻĸ͹ȥǡҶѧĽ, ۾ϾͲܶˣҶüͷͬĵū͵ĶŪĶʱʲô
ǹ˴͹ģū͸Ͻŵūűơ
˵꣬ľͽ˵̫ӵǧǧǧǧ̫꣡ӵӢµһ
һ⻰͡Ц˳ҶɫЩѿڽѧʲôҲŪȥ
ūҶ߳Ͻȥһ˷±Ƣ֮ǰҶͻö࣬Ҳѵö࣬Ҳȥûж˵Ҷģ־̫˾˼ӣֻܽ˴ĸ£Ϊѵ£ҪԵ˵ĿޣúѧϰΣϵĲŽпޣ䲻ϵĺûǷˡ
ҶĻʱͷ֪ҶΪ˾˼˵һʱãҶ˵Ҳ
֪ԼѧձҶЩұӡЩŷӣΪƲҶǿƣҲǿڹ˾˼ϡһ뵽һ㣬ò׶Թ˾˼ļֺøУʱȥ
Ťͷȥûж˵ӣͷҶˣѧɡ
Ҷ̬ȣʱҲɫѿֻ࣬Ƿûж죬Ҳö˵ֻܾ֮ǰĻμȥ
ѧ֮Ҷȥ˹˾˼
Ѿǽӽڵʱ򣬹˾˼ڼæҶڽ˾˼ڵϵŽż
˾˼ҶȥЩ
˾˼Ŵûͷ˸մŽľл˵
㣬ö˶˸̫ʲôҶ̰㲻ǲ֪㻹Щη˼飿
˾˼û˵Ѵճã̵˵˼ˣ˾˼ִӵ飬¶ϡ
㻹ˣ
ҶЩ֪Ϊ˽˶
˾˼ԱӣҶ鷿ߣһһ֣̾Ϣŵ뿪㡣
뿪ʲôҶüͷЩף߽鷿˾˼ţҶҶ˲裬ף̫ӵ£ʲôˡ
ʲôиʲôˣҶ˾˼˹˿ڲ裬ƽ͵һʢ𣿡
ܡҶ̷Ҳʱ䣬Է˽͸˾˼һڣȻ
˾˼ֵôĽʲôʥ֮ʲô
⻰Ҷˣ˾˼Ҷ̾Ϣͬ˵׻岻ã̫ӵʦ̫պҪʲôžô̡㿴µĲãϣ̫ӽ̳һӢŵ𣿾ʽ̫òҪ̫뷨ҲҪ̫вŻպʲô£Ǵ˵أֻ̫ҪúõŻʵۣɼӣӣҪ̫࣬ʲôʲô͹ˡʲô徭ͨЩ㶼Ҫֻ̣Ҫúú˾˼Ҷã㣬ͬмָ飬ĻǾ͹ˡ
⻰ҶЩɡ
˾˼ջӣ˿ڲ裬ҹϦҴҵǲͬһˡܴҲڣ˾˼ӣº͵ף㣬󼪡
˾˼ĻҶŵʱ˻ججġ߳ȥʱҶģɵЩɻ󣬽˾˼һڼϹƣɵõͬҶ˵ʲôߵʱȥá
˾˼˰֣û¶
˵ţ˾˼ҶѰĻִһ˵ˣЦˣҶôصƢ˵Щǵûһˡ
ֻǹأɵ˾˼˫ֱЦŵס
˵ţ˾˼´һ»·ڻױ㣬ߵʲôȥ
ճϦż٣϶˹ӣŵȥ¹ӡ
˵ţЩˣŤͷ˹˾˼һȥô
ȥѽ˾˼վֱӣֳϣұڡ
ȥðɡ˾˼ҪȥʱЩԥٴˡ
ٴôˣ˾˼⻰̼ˣٴˣٷȥãҪˣ
˵ţ˾˼ƺǲĵУҵȥҪȥ¶¶ô֪ҵĵλ
⻰üЩʲôλ
ϰĵλ˾˼̻صһЩ۵İϡ
˵˵ʲôѽЦãҶ˵ģ˭ϣ
ǿɲã˾˼һΧױ̨ϵתűȻŵ㿴㳤ôÿƢôã˻ôǮĵǮĥˣҲסɫͽǮջ󰡡
˵ţ˾˼ߣϣգ۾㣺˼˵ŮǮͱ仵㲻Ǳ仵ˣҰɣ
˹˾˼һ£̲סЦҪȥȥɱ֣ҵĳӡ
ϣ
˾˼ܵ¹ǰʼ·ھҪǰɣҴļ·Щ̫ؾҵȥųӣҲ̫ڣԵòׯ
ЦſŹ˾˼һֹѡ·ֵòУȵ󣬹˾˼ѡһ׺ɫߵĳۣȻҲȥһ׺ɫյĳȹǰһվӲһƬ˶ó·Ǵġ
ٴ·žＸҪһˣɵЩӣСǻ˰ɣ̫Щ
˵ţҪתȥ·ȴ˾˼һڻ˾˼žˣ°ͷϣº͵ãô춼ˡ
˾˼˵⻰žˣĹ˼Ҳһ˾˼õɫû˵ù˾˼ţ˾˼һ󣬴Ա߳һֻ鲽ҡ㷢䣬Ƭ̣ס֣˵ա
˵֮󣬹˾˼ȥ
֪Ϊʲô˾˼ţǷɬͽǾࡣ˾˼ǰ棬ں棬ҡڿŵ͵Ÿš
Աߵ˶Ŀ⣬ɵö˹ýģͷ͹˾˼ӣٷˡ
˾˼˵ͷֻܵͷӦ
һ˾˼Σͣ²ӣתͷ㣬üǲǾò˼
⻰ͷСҲ޷
޷ˣ˾˼룬Цһ취
Щɻ̧ͷŹ˾˼ЩãȻ˾˼ʲôð취Ȼ̧ͷ֮󣬹˾˼ȴǲȻһ£͵֣ͽһѱ㾪гһ§ס˾˼ӣ˾˼˳ȥ
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˾˼ȴǲţֻǵ죬Ͳˣ
ʲô
Цã˾˼СܵſڣһţԼ˽ȥͬϽߣٷأ
ЦǺǼλϣ˴˵Ťͷ˾˼˾˼չͷȥЦŵô˰ɣ
Զ㣬һۣԼѹŵȹӳ˹˵ʲô⣬Ըͷɣ
ⲻǳͷ˾˼ЦŵԶ㲻ǾЩȻߣͲˡ
һǺ˵˵ȴȻ˵ûмֵ˾˼ʹչһӣһϱһĸΣһ
Ĩһ㻻ŷŪֱסЦڵҲͬˣպ׼
治׼˾˼֣ȾɫָףʵСȥˡ
ҿ᲻㵱治ˡ
˵ţ˾˼ְԼؿڣЦеҿɿźĳԷأ˵ǰɣϰ壿
㽫ֳᡰޡһ컬ࡣ
˾˼Цûӻ˷һע㣬컬࣬Ҳϲ˵˵ϲǲϲ
˾˼ƽյͬ޶˶˼ֶ˵ƣŷŻ˲ƬƬʢһһ㣬һҰɽȼտȥ
Щ죬򶨣ŤͷŴ⣬ƫƫ˾˼ȴ׵ǰ
㱻Ťͷ˾˼עŵֱƵϲϲң
û˵Գֵˣϲǻ޴롣
ɶŹ˾˼Цһоеۣ˼ֲġƬ̺򴽣ȴǳ֣óһƱڹ˾˼԰ɡ
˾˼һƱЩ㵣ȴǸˣѹŴǵЦ⣬Ťͷȥһͦϲģġ
˾˼ˣһƱƬ̺ĬĬƱ̧ͷ㣬ôӣҵúú÷̲ŶԵۡ
ӽ˽泵еӣˣˡ
ɴ⣬Ͻȥ˵ˣˡ
˵ţ˾˼ں棬Цô档
ܿܿҶվſкˣҴ߹ֻͬԴ˸кҴ˽ȥǹ˾˼߹ͬ˸ܿܿЦˣЦ˿۸Ƕˣ
ɲˡҶԱ˻ЦŵǸǳġ
˾˼͵Цˣ˿ˣѯʵλȥ
˻û룬ܿܿﱧů¯ȽȥɣҺҶƹǹ¶ģкء
˾˼˸񣬱ȥˡ
֮󣬹˾˼۱ֵŮŮǴأŮ϶ټĸˡָͨĸ˲ͬԿЦŵʱֱͦŶδ
˾˼վȺУͻȻϣгһգģⷬģ
΢վվӡ˻ͬ˾˼үˡ
˾˼ЦЦԱͬк˵˵ͷȥ
¥һĲ㣬ȫڶԱ˹ְλڲͬλá
Ÿֻһ䣬˾˼ź󣬷ŸѾˣΧһȦмһյء
Ӧмʮˣ˵ľ治ͬŮˣϣϷ˾˼˶˹Щ˵ĶԱû˾˼ģĿźʹ
˾˼ЦƹȺߵ˹˾˼֣·Ǻһܵλҷˣչˣҽ
˵ţסˣһʱҲҲһõĽз
ҪǷҵİ£ҪôзˣҪôϰǸŮˣүԵù˾˼ϣд˷·ְѹ˾˼Ĺְ˽С
йӰɡ
˾˼ΧЦž˱¹˾˼ֳ塣ͱСģҾŸ磬͵ģ͸Ҿү곤ĳҹӻСţԡҶǵһμ棬һлλӲٳ⣬ĳȾλһл⡣
˾˼˵ţ󷽷һȻ󽫾Ʊ©һΣʾ⡣
һƶ˵ⳡϵɣûаŤ˶ʱſ⽻նʱ
㱾ҲܺȾƣϻУǱ˾˼ţξƲմ˾˼ҲӣľƣĶӡ
ܿܿҶϻʱʮ֣˶ЩˣҶԱߣŹ˾˼һƵĴү٩յߣ֣Ҵûôֹ
򴽣̧ۿһԱߺžƻ쳣Ĺ˾˼СѽĶ֡
ҶϿ˹˾˼һֿۣһۣҡҡͷúܡ
Цַڶϣûг
ƹѲӡϻͬˣʱˡ
ѣͷ˾˼˳ȥ
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㱾׼˺ܶ໰ǵЩʱȴʲô˵ˣ룬˻ֵʲôҲ˵ˣǮɡ
⻰һ˶ЦȻڴЦ֮һ󺺴ңû˵ʲô˵ɣ
ѽܿܿվһߣŵ˵ãҲ˵ʲôѽҺò׾ԶٷҲ̫߰
⻰ЩЦˣֻܻصԭλϣһˣҾ˵ɡһ˶ʮˣǻݺĻƣλÿƽÿ°ӣͶһ¿ɴĿ㲻˵̼ҶãȴҲˣǰɣ
ǡ洫һƬӦЦЦŵֻǵĿʼǻݹĵڶ꣬ĵһ꣬ʮݸأһʮһݣ߼㣬Ϊɱҽ̶ӣ꣬ƺ޺ãͨӵӣʱǺݡݣҲңԶĳɱһ룬ݵĳɱҲήɡݹҲƻڻƺһأֲʺϵʳ꣬ǾͻΪɱ͡õ̼ңǻõĻ˵ļ۸Ǹʱǻиߵĳͣ˵ʱ䣬õ
˵ţ˶٣ŵƻһ˫˫۾ЩϣڴûȾƣȴһĪͷĸооѪڣ̲סڣЩʮģҽ¡˵ʵҿλôվҾرˡ
Ҳ֪ûͬĸо߳ӵǮԼĲܡŬȥϿɣǵͲһˡ
ǿѡˡ
˵仰ţϢۿ
˾˼оߵߣס֡
ů㻺ͷ˹˾˼һһתͷЦң˵ˣվǳϦǰҷף󼪣⣬úϣ
ϣ
бҵףӡźҶϺܿܿ󣬹˾˼㣬һȥһһȥõ˳Żᣬ˵һֱ˵Ļ
㾲ţͬ˵ллʻϲ
֪йӻܳģҲ֪йΪˣȥ¥
˵ĸмһһ˵ĺ
Ȼ˾ٱ˳Ϧһա
㱾ͬһҹģУڷ˵ף֮ŸһȻͬѾЩ˵Ĺ˾˼һ뿪
˾˼Ȼƣչʮѣ̺˵ӣŷ
һߣһЦ
Ŀ⣬תͷЦʲô
˾˼ͷס֣㣬
ţ
ǰǰã˾˼˵Щ˵϶ſڣ磬õ٣ܰŰաû٣ģģúܶࡣ
Ǯ˺öˣ˺öˡ
˾˼˵ţͷϣסҾѽãҰȢˡ
ȻҶ䲻㣬Ȣˡ
ţ̲סЦˣ䲻Ŷԡ
һֻ֣һ𣬴룬ٹżѽ
˾˼ЩãȻۣƬ̺㣬·һ㣬ֻϲѽ
㱻ֱɵĻЦ˾˼ȴǽҲҪһֱϲңҪˣ̡
úúãæҲֻ׬Ǯòã
˾˼⻰ˡ
˾˼һ·ȥȵ˹˼ңҲһ·Ųţ㽫˭˭˵˼Ҫı
㲻ѽ͹ʻֻܸţС
˾˼˯һҹȵڶ峿ǻûѹ洫ͨ˵֮ˡ
˾˼æ˻ŻŴ·ŵȥõǵ֮
ʱ֮λϣɫۣµСԵ˾˼㶣֮ԼĶվ˾˼ŷӦæɩ£Լ
֮ЦЦº͵Ķôۣ
˵ţָָ֮Աߵĺӣͬ˾˼ݼĹҽ㣬ŵģž͵˹
¶͹ͺãߵ֮ϣ֮㻳Уôһˣ
ûˣ֮ЦЦڼҲƣͬ˵һߡ
⻰˾˼һۡ
ǵĸ׶̬һ̫ã֮ȻҲùȥ˵ܸ֮ȥݣ߻ʵԶȻǹõġأݴݽڶʹ֮󣬱Ҫб߹佫мҾ챻Ѻڶûкӣֻܴ֮ڶһֱ֮˺ӣһڶȥǡ
ڴڼ䣬ֻܷ֮ܺһᡣ
һ룬֮ǵԭӦܷ˲̾ϢҲùʣ֮棬˿Ķӵ㻳¶ҲǣӦҲ˰ɣ
߸ˡ֮ЦЦ֮ŷֵģô¶Ҳרд֪ͨǲǣ
˵ţ֮¿һ㣬ȴǵǻû
ˣ˾˼Ͻױһˣ
Űȥ
˹˾˼һۣ˾˼Դһ㣬Ͻˡ
Ժ̷ŶŽȥ
˾˼ˣŵú֮ú˵ʵ㲻Ϥ֮ûͬ˵㿴ǷϣúӦţҲ˵á
˵ʱ֮˿ɫҲûȥˣȻҪ໰
㲻ҸԤ˼£ֻȰȹЩ˺ӣܴͬһݺúˡ
⻰֮ɬЦЦͷֻܵˣҵϣʲôʱ򹫹뿪Щ÷źá
˶֪ǱܸʸϳģȻԵǵݺ͹ͣôҲڶıһ١ȴڶܷصֿຮ֮úã
֮еԹĬƬֻ̣ܵİɣôһգܴã˼Ҳ취ġ
仰֮ЦҲ֮⡣
֮ȥ˾˼üչɵõ˵ʲôˣˣ
˵Щܴ¡
Ϊǵɩӹ̫ˡ
⻰˾˼Ҳ룬ڵһɡ
Щף˾˼ֻҪ飬ܻһɩȥݣǴض⼸꣬нˡ
ܴҲ̫Щ
Ź˾˼Ļ̲ס̾ϢȻܴ粻ӣҲڷ˰
⻰˾˼̲סЦˡ
ܴ˺ͱ£ĺ֡
ţ
㲻ף˾˼תͷ򹬳ǵķˣκһӣװ¡
ģ˾˼ɫԶչ֮ʱ֪һ߳ʲôˡ


158 
˾˼ڶ꣬ȵڶ, ˾˼ȥ
㱾ͬ˾˼һȥ, ׷׳˵, ˵㻳, ܸŹ˾˼ôĴ˴һûֿ˾˼壬Ǿüչˡ
֪˾˼˵ҲȻôЩ⣬ڶ£һմ, ҲȷЩ, ֻù˾˼һȥˡ
˾˼һ˸ϻ, ͬ骸Ԫ˽뿪֮, ޺±̽ӹ, 骺͸ԪЭ, Ȼ۲, µȴǲɵ, ´ʦԸ;ľ֮£ĵⷽ˵, Ҫȹ˾˼ǿࡣ
˾˼鿴һȦѾ޺õĲ֣ȷûʲô֮󣬱㰴żƻ, ˽ȥ
ں󲻾ãǷ뾩ͬҶҶһţȥ̽ǡ
Ǻ˲٣˿ȥʵ֮࣬һк˼ˣͬ˵˵߾
Ǵڵģǹˣͳû͵ϮһѣһСǣǴģҲֻǰߡ
ǽһûлԭ̾˿ں󷽻ø㣬ҲȫܴĽʿӻˡ
ҲӦõġ
˵ţͻȻ֮ǰ˵߳¶ƺȥˣ
ʮѮģ˾˼ҲʱǴŹȥǸտž͸˻Ҳû
Ҷ˻ЩصͷŹȥģȥҲǱ¿ˣ㵽ʱɡ
ȻͷҶͬǰ˵˵Ϊпû뵽Ҳ꣬ѷ¶ˡ
˵ţǽĿ⿴㣬ЦÿӣҲû¾Ҫˡ
⻰мֲ˼ͷȥº͵ĸءɩӡ
û˵֮꣬һԼĶӣæˣ
֮üͷƺڸܣƬ̺תͷЩŵǣŵҡƺǡҪҪˣ
⻰һ˿ң򶨣̱֮ͬ˵죬ȥвš
˵ţǱ㼱ææԺȥҶԿһۣҶԥŵǲȻȥ
С
һڷСͬҶλõܷ˹ԺǵĹϵչ˲֮ǵ￴š
ôһ˵ҶҶȥЩܷͬ˵Ĵţܷ˱һһСӵλãҪµһӣܷǽٸ
Ҷ˵ͷҲûкţԼվܼңǵ֮ӡ
ܷ˶û¶棬ܸʣҴҸ˻һۡ
֮һ죬տʼӣȥ˹ҽæȥù˲Σ֮
Ȼָˮһһ˽ȥ
ڳǲֻҶϽȥæ֮Ǹ͵ģʱһԣߣ˵Ǽ۵ġ
֮źҰЦȻ۵ġ
źΪȵδҲ̫ˡ
֮ЦЦŶӣһʹӿ͵һ飬ڴڴϢţ˹תͷȥŴ⣬ѽ͵ǻ棬Ҳ
⻰֮˼ϧͻȻã֮ӣʵ̫ˡ
ûŷǣ˾˼ҲΪһƬ졣֮ȫȻһǵѣ֮·ǰУ֮ǵѣȴһϮ֮£صļëм
ĸ׷ɣͳΪһµӣΰѿˡ
ʹʱ֮ͣȵ˺Ҫʱ֮ڻ̲סˣһһУҲƲסԼͳ˻סӣȥá

һƿˣֱӳ˽ȥ۱һǽ壬֮ڲϣҶߣǼȥȻһ͹ǰס֣֮ЩʹཫֵԼͷ֮ϡ
һС
УΪӣΪ˳Ϊ˷򣬶ϻ΢΢Ŵ£֮ţƺĳһѹֵļУ˳
ȻڴڴϢţԱߴӵĿ˶Χȥҽ˵λӡ
Ȼȴûᣬظ֮ǰȥմᡣ
Ҹղź¡
ʳ֮ЦЦʲô£
뿪ҡ
֮⻰ͻȻҲˣϳأʧ̬ҶҲ˼ҷ򸾣ߵһȥǺӣ˲ϵѪˮ
֮ЩˣƬ̣ǵ֣૵ǣʲôʱŻ
ǽ˽û˵֮Ҳû׷ʣ˯ȥˡ
عͬǵɩϢɡ
û˵˵ͷƺҲƣ
ʱԼĺӣ˼ԱȥҶڶŪӣˣҶЦŽӽǵܴ磬ȡɣ
û˵оǸӱУźӣź۴ޣģƺʶʲôããȻۣǣһͻȻЦˣȻ۵֣˹ȥ
ǿӣҲ֪ôͻȻᣬһתԱߵ㣬ҿźӣҳȥһˡ
˵ţǱתȥܸʵ鷿˹ȥ
ܸں£ǴһѪ˽ܸʶʱüͷվſڣҪңٻ·ʲôӣ
Ȼû˵վţܸ֪һҪ˿˵ֻԱ˻ر뿪
ȷֻиˣܸΪʲô£һҪķͬ˵
䣬Ǿ͹ȥȻؽͷڵϣһ죬ɳףҵض
ܸû˵̵Ҳ߹ٺ»һƷСҲãǵҲУҪǸٲģһͬܵʲô뷨ǾͽҴܼȥ֣Ҵ֮ͺӣԼȥıҲá
ܸǵĻδǼܸʲ˵ڵϲӣʹ޳ףȻҲѪһָ󣬴ǿʼ£ڼвٳ֣ҪǮӾ̣ҪȨӵ١ôʮ꣬ûйҲпͣʯΪ˷ŶӣһҪöɢƶӵ˹𣿣
˵ţ̧ͷܸʣһֱѹŵȻѪôҪΪҲѪôʮ꣬ңңТЩǸ飬𣿣
ʵ֮ͬһ𣬡ܸţ˼ŵ˺ӣӷڶ֮ȥͺô
Ǻأ俴ܸʣôС֮ôߣˣǷˣһڶ˭
ĸס
ĸ𣿣ŭȳ潫ҵӣѿˣΪֻź֮һΪ֪֪ⶫܼңŶίѿΪɷ򣬡ʿܸʣ֪ΪѲŲʣΪ˸ף֪ζʲô£ʲô£
зǷ
ܸĻŲĲþúڲŵôҪܼңô죿
㶣ܸƺʲô̧ͷǣƽΪΪ˷㣿Ҫ㣬ΪҪ㣬Ҫ㣬ҪһôϵѪһˣͺˣ
⻰˵ˣܸЦĪ㻹ΪҲɱ㣬ֻΪ㵱£ܰŪǮ
һӡܸҡҡͷҷݣΪ㣬Ϊ˸ܼһ·
Ҳ
㷶ѾˣܸʷŵȰһӣɩһֲϡȰ̵²ȥ֣ʱļ£ʮңǻݣҲˣأ
ܸʿǣ̫ӣδһ֮ǵǰ죬ձȨ֮ƷԣһǻΪΣ
Ȩʱʱ̶̿ҪҪıλȨ֮Ʒԣܼһ˭
ҷݣƱȨϣгһգܼڶ£ٻܻšֻ㻹űȨǲŻͶΪǣݣΪԼΪңΪ֮ΪĸףΪܼҡ
Ϊڸλܼ֮ҾͿԸǣҸ㡪ܸ濴ǣܼңΣѣıܵڶôŻʲôһ𣿡
ΪĸΪʲô㲻ãΪ֪һܼ֣֮пܻǸˡİ
ǴܸʣܸʿɳƳһĺӣǣʮһֱҵĽЩұô㣬סȻô˵ˣֻܸ㡣
ûȥȥװĹѱڶҪԼҾ뿪£²¼ɡȻҪһֱȡ
ȵʲôʱ򣿡
ȵܸƽڣ̫ӵá
ֻߣܸתͷǣܼң
û˵ܸʴ֪ĸףһúͬ˵պ֮һ㵱˰ɣ
ţþúƺڷһ㣬׷Ը
ǣܸʿģЩƣĸûнδһУġ
ףƽЩΪʲôҵԸܼ򵥣Ҫ⺣磬ҲҪ̫ƽʢֻҪһ¡
עܸʣ濪ڣҾϣҵӣҵĺӣĸףܵܣһˣܹƽƽһӣ͹ˡ
ܸû˵ǰ꣬ĥҲĥǣ͹ȥƺҲûжͬ
Զ˳Тǫֱ͡˵Ĵ磬ˣȴҲӲǸúˡ
ܸ̾Ϣ˰֣߰ɡ
ǹ£ȻصУѾ˰¶ˣǴ㻳ӹӣźӣʲô֪˯
ȡְɡǷŶŪ֪ʲôźá
ǿþúڵ˼顣
˼顣
ֻڶʮգ֮ûӣ뿪ܼҡ֮ǰ㣬Ҫտ֮ӦͬҶһʱȥ֮
ŮڶʱģȥҶϵƽյ£Щ˵¡
ǳ֮дţһᵽ˵ݽ˳ǱǲͬģⶼЩɵĶ飬רӣǰˣ̫󡣵ҪҲû˷ӡ
Ҷÿζ֮£ܾǸ˲Ǹ˱̫̫࣬ࡣ
˵ʼˣÿӪҶ˯ˣҲҪ
ڳıҲ˵ͷͷǵ
עһ˳ϰߣʱʱ֪ϢдһţǷддд˺ö飬űżĳȥ
żĳȥ󣬰ºյ˻šֶдòãҲó±ʼأһһ֣дֿ֣ơ
ûʲôĻȴ䶼ǶĻؾصĻش֮ǰҶʵ⣬ûж˵һ䲻˵ģʵġŷ·дģһһȥ֣ؼ˵֣ȴֱȷдġ
˾ôûͷûԵͨţƣ˾˼ֶַ
Żƺӵɣ̶ԽԽࡣ̶ӯƣһ²Ϳʼӯĳɱȥµɡ
ʱԽеԽ죬С̵궼ｻиͨУͨ͡
Ǯˮ㰴ԭȵĹ滮ʼأẉ̂ͻݣ˴ԭϵ̵Ը˿ƣɱҲ󽵵͡
Խã̶ͨԽƵ˾˼žʹű㳵ÿһĻ
ÿдã͵ͷ͸ȥĴӹȥ
ôƵͨţȻ̫Ӫ˾˼ûʲôдʫˮƽ굽˴
µʱ㵽˿ʱ䣬˾˼˵˴Ԥʱ򣬹˾˼ȴûš
Щ֣ﲻɵöЩĹ˾˼£ôһģ㾪˶ĺӣ㵱ʱ͸оһʹϮһԱӡæסôˣ
һʹȥԼɵȥҽͲŶй֪ͨһ´˺ĸףҿܿˡ
⻰ӡ㶣ŻӦϽ˰Ļˡ
ǲ쳣ȣָ˽ȻйɵĺŻʹûһʹҴҸ˹ģѸΣֻԼ˿̵ĸ˵ˣͷǻһȳԵ㶫ʡŵ
ͷûһžͽ˷ֹһҽҲˡ
ҽʱ򣬹ʻҶҶϵ˶ѯ˹˵ޱȡǸոմ̲ӽӵͬ˴£룬Ҳ˹֮Ⱥ㽻õĹټҷˡݺһڹ£ʹ˾˼ڣ⺢ȴһ㶼į˵֡ڲʱŹһЩ֮Ҳֻ֪ǵģһһЦá
ҹ۵ˣ۵ʱ򣬱˾˼ƽһЩԹ˾˼ˣôһ˵ĴĥȴãԶڻƺǶΪΪ񣬰ﶼܲš
һţһЩί˷Ĭԣֻǵ͵ʹϢԱԿ࣬źᶼҪŵǸкͺˣ˼Ҳǣʱߣһˡ
˵Ż洫
ʱ˾˼ľϣһ·嵽˼ſڡľ׷Ź˾˼С㶯СЩ͵͵
ֻǻû˵꣬˾˼ѾԺ񱼽ȥ㣬һˣһˣ
֮У˹˾˼ץ䣬Ϣתͷȥɫӿ˴ŵķ
˾˼嵽ԺһԺţͿԺһˣתͷ
˾˼ֳˣʶôҼʲô
˵ţ
Ҳˣ̲ң˾˼еš
ɫƽ侲˾䣺ӡ
⻰ù˾˼Ӳˣ̵ˣҷӣôҼʲô
ΪİѾ
ҶϿˣ˾˼ҶϿȥȻͿҶǱһĹ¶ԱܿܿܿܿҲһѻݵĹ¡
˺滹һЩ·ȥŷģ峪Ժʮ֡
˾˼Щ㱡
һʱ֮䣬ֲ壬Լǻμ־ۻģϱӵˡ


159 
˾˼Ƭ̺󣬺ܿѹ, ʶȺʿֵ, Ҳ˲Ϲ᲻ٱ, Ͻȥ, Ҫ˾˼һ۵˦˹ȥ˭ҲΪ˵Ļħù˾˼˽ȥ
˾˼ϽԱӣһź, һ鿴, ͬʱһԵĺҽδ, ʲô˺Ӷ𣿡
ҽҲȻֵĹ˾˼һ, ˺þòŷӦ, Ҳ˶ҽ, ˼, ˸, ͬ˾˼˴˷ģĿǰ״ܺãֻǺӲһʱ, һ
⻰˾˼˿ڲſ, ֣ظһ䣺һˣĪ¡
ûŹ˾˼֣Ҳ֣ˣź֣չҲûʲôãȴûôˡ
͵ʹϢţСĻˣ
Ҷźˣ˾˼֪ҪʲôϽҶŻƺߵ¶һü꺢ӣվߡ
ǻʲôüͷһһҲɵġ
֪һҲУ˾˼ͷϵĺº͵ҲĸƽҲġ
û˵ˣ˾˼һ·Ѷûųͺ˿̵Ҳ㲻ã˵ǱʱǱ˽һ𣬾Ҳ˫õġ
˾˼֮Ҳˣʱ򣬺˳⺢󣬿޵Ժŵ˱ſ˯һƬȻͱ˹
ʻȷӦżˣ
ˣӡ߳˵λǧ𣡡
ǧǹӶҪˣˣ˶˿Ҷæû¶ɣ
û¶ءӡЦŵϢ
ƣˡ˶棬Щ˶ǵģͬ˾˼ȥкһ¿ˣ˺˴ҵġ
ã˾˼Ӧɾº͵Ȱú㣬ȥдǡ
Ӧһ˾˼չź߳ȥ˿һȦͬ˱л⡣
ôһҹҲǵһƽϢĸӰãҲˣ˾˼ҪôֱЪ˹˸Ҫôֱ뿪˾˼˰źãֱ뿪ˣ˱˵Ϊߵʱһһ͸ǣҲǸмһĵ
ȻȥЦ֣ȫԵáұҲֻǳԼ̽㣬ôЩģ󣬵ⷬ˼ȴǸоģҲһò

˾˼Ѷʱ򣬻һģЦˡ
㲻ڣΥɡ
ˣ˾˼ЦЩҲסˣţߣûвУ
л߹Աڣһȡ
Ҳлߣ
˾˼Ҫˣû˵ӹ˾˼˵ģתȥ٣ղ㡣
˵꣬ŵʩʩȻˡ˾˼µģԶˣ˾˼ŷӦŭȳС˸ӣӴӻƺӻŪ㣡
֮󣬹˾˼Щ飬룬Ͻȥˡ
Ҫˣ֮ǰһһ
˾˼ˣȥ㣬ҲѾ˷Ӳ˸ɾ»Ѭ㣬˾˼һԼϵζæ˻Ҵϴ軻ѣֻȥʱѾ˯ˣ˾˼С˴Ϳϡ
˯һѹûۣ͸оϤ¶ȺζǸƣڹ˾˼ؿڣʲôû˵
˾˼ͷ͵ƺӵ¶Ҳˣ£Ҿˡ
͵Ӧһ˾˼֪ûͬԼ˵Щ˵žˡҲػӦң֪ôصġ
ֲҡ
֪ѽ˾˼ЦסʲôҶ֪
ûŹ˾˼Ź˾˼ͬˣĲҵǣ˼ҶŮ˵Ǯ˾ˡ
Ǻ˵
⻰Ȳס͵ͿڣûС
еġ˾˼һĶͷѾŮˣ׸׸Ҳ¶
Ҷϲ㣬˾˼˵㽨ѧããŰ׬ǮҩͳԵģĶ˿㣬˸񣬷Ź˵˱ˣͻɣҲ֪ǲġ
ģ
ЦˣĶɣ
а
˾˼ӦЩɻ󣺡
ء
Ķ
ǰ
⻰֪˾˼ڴȤ
ֲͬһ㲻ˡ
˾˼ЦƢԽԽˡ
˾˼һ죬ѧᱧӣֵˡ
ȡй˽ȡ˾˼ֻˡ
ߵʱ򣬽ǣǰͬС岻ˣÿտѪ̫ҽ˵Ų˼¡
˾˼⻰û˵ֻǵ¶ͬ˵һڳǱϿӡ
ӵͷ׹˾˼˼Ź˾˼ˡ
Ƚӻͬ˼ڳǱ߿ӣרЩݣΣ
˶٣̧ۿ򽭺ӣ˽Ƭ̣ȻЩţú˵ͷƽ͵ס
ӣ¶ǲԼȥģҲԼȥ졣ܿܿܿܿһ˼Һ޹ϵˣŶԷ֣һҳǽϵլӣꡣ
⻨СֻҪ̣ǶŹԺӡ
˾˼ص骺͸ԪǴ˵һ⼸Ľ󣬸Ԫѯʹ˾˼޺βڼѴҲµĹ⾰ˣǵѴسɹߣǻƺ޺þߣ
˾˼ЦЦѡģÿµ˼ȸ¶ʱô˵ôɡ
ûз˾˼Ҳʵʵ޺ӡ
һ޾£ʱ򶫶ڣǷӿ
һξҿѪ֮󣬷ѹѹ󣬾ͲԼˣҽйѯʵ޻ж೤ʱ䣿
ҽ˵ŵ˵
£
ҽһأˣϣúۣɳƵƺҲ޵òˡٻ˾˼ض
ŷۣѹǡ
һ˻֣ҽ㶼ȥة
£ŷЩżЪЪɡ
٣ѹ
ŷ⻰һڻǵǡ
˵꣬ŷȥߵͬС̫ȥة빬
ոǲɢҽ빬Ϣ㴫˳ȥ
Ϣ㶼
ܸ꣬վͥԺþúڵûƽ׼һة̽ةƫ
⻰ܸʺĹܼƵ΢΢һ㶣Ƭ̺ȴˣǡ
֮УλϣĻš
֮УϢˣ񸸻壬λΪǺ˼
ǱΨһĶӣһĻŵʳӣ¼Ȼûз̫ӣ˭޴󰭡
ǸΪλٹ£
Ļţֺּҽ˵ûʱˣù빬ȥ
Ϊ롣ĻŴ˷侲ܸϲ£ܸΨһĻᣬҪ֣ȻڽҹΣգ
ǾôţüͷĻ̵Ȼǣ»һ¡
£
ҹܸʱؽ˻Լ֣ѾڹжţֻҪܸʵ춯±빬ܸʶš
ı
üͷĻЦЦȷʵ²صģнǧܸʽҹҵıȻԼţ಻ˣֻҪ˱㹻ˡˣѾ±ˡ
˵ţĻ֣߽һڵϣ΢ϳǾؾӢ¡
ЩϤȴ벻˭Ҳ룬ĻŽŵǱڳУҵѽټֻȱһ£ǱαϳǾܴ˴죬һ빬ҹسŵָʹܴ˵ˣǲܸ֮оҹܵҲҷţʱҵǿ빬빬ֻҪһ£ǻŴ˳گ
üͷŴõگǡ
Ľ
ĻŴóʥּ˫ţ˷ŵ˷ǰŷ˵گֻһ
û˵گúЦ
ãվ͵ˣֻһگ
˵ţùگ˵Ǿţ
ڶţܸʵҲ˹ƽǽҹֵĽܸʵԥúڵǡ
ʱѾ˹УлҵòУȴҪ򶨣ӣڲϣǹ񣬷˵ͷͬɡ
֪ҹʲôҳʲô֪һ㣬˷ϣǿЦ¿ȥɫЩˡ
ЦЦһۣûж˵ͷϣһҲĪ£Ϊگ¶
㶣ڴϣŴƽ޲֪ȥˣᷢЩʲôˡ
⻰Ѹת֪ʲô˼ɷ˵ҲʣۣƽٵúãӸɡ
û˵ŷԼ֣Ƭ̣ʱŷѾٽٷǰڷߵ£ƽˡ
ۣӦһǿ⻰֪˷Ĵ㡣
ǲЩģ⻰л̻̲ϲԣֻǵҪʲô
û˵һŵݵʱ㳣ǲǡңΡ
ǡ
װɡ
ڣ˻ٱߣַϣһ죬쳹˹С
һģǴʿٶĸO@
ڹ͵͵֮⣬˼빬Ե࣬嵽ţŹŵˣȳ¼й빬ÿ
Źŵ˲Ҷֵ̿£
λˣ˵꣬ߵĻű빬ȥʱ£
飬̵ǣ̫ӵԵȣҵͨ¡
˵֮˱㼲ܳڹ
˶֪̫ӴôҹţԲһͨ£û˸ʱκΥصʱ˿̣ر·һҰ޵ӣһӣһжʧء
˰ϱʿŹһһڹȻڹſڣȴѱΧʵʵʿսս̫빬Ϣƽվǰڹϣδд٣ڡ
ʿ⻰̻ͨҲ֪ԣҶ˵ֻܰŻƽĻһ⻰㼱ˣæŵ㡭
λˣߵĻŲȷˣЦ˫ַǰ֪ǰվ̫ӣǱΨһã̫Ѷ²أ빬̽в֮жѣͼ빬ȻǷǣѲ飬λˣǲҪԼ͵ýȥΪá
˲˵죬ܲ룬ȻԸ¡Ļó̫ӵŵЮֵ£빬ȼݣ˭Ϊͬıÿ
⻰̫˰γĻŶˣŭȳã
ԥţĻžٽǰڻɢĻ̫Ӽˣ˹š
ٶȻˣҹ֮У㱻Ŵ·ȥ˽ӡ
Ϊӻ˯ţȻϵģȴѾǴ˹ۣڵԸԼڡ
¹ʻͽҲ˹Χſڣ㻺˻˾ˣ̫Ӵ빬ˡ
֪
ӽУһӣƽؾţ˯ȥɣҼ빬
˵ţӱźӣȥ
һץס˽ӵӣҧҧڵ̵Ļѿ˴룬Ҫȥժˣ
⻰ȴЦˣֱۣģȻ˵
㲻֪ģǷſ˽ӵӣͬʻһŽӳȥ
ӳ֮ѯ¿ɴϢˣ
ˣ̵дӻ
šӦ˻ͣȷϢ
ӦһӴĺӣ˼󣬾ˡ


160 
̫˼빬һ·嵽ڹſ, ƽפڹ, , Ľв, ˣҲҶʲôֻӲվǰȷˣ˸
ûڣһƳ˹ڻƽ, ŭʲôʻû, ǾΧſ, Ҫ췴𣿣
һƳ麮˻ƽ, ࡣ
ܸ˵ö, ǲΪġ
ƽŷ, ·, ̫Ӽ¡
˭㡭
ҵ
û, һ򶨵˶˹ȥܸʴŹۣ彣, ʿվڹ⣬侲ŷ
ʿЩ, ԱߵĻǰһȵܸʣҳӣҵǰ彣
ܸɫֱǰȥȴ˸һ·ߵǰ·һһ㿴ŷ̫ӵҹǿдǲס
ܸʣһʱһػԱĻżˣǰһҪŭȣͱܸһƳùڵϣܸۿȥ̫ͬ˵ֵõ⹷ūŲ죿ȥˣ
⻰ܸʣҲ֪ԼվˡĻŶס̫ӵǳˡǰһָܸŭܸʣңҸʣɱҵˣܸʣǷ𣿣
£ܸƽ˵£֤ݣ²أرҪסڹκ˽룬ǿǱٲعأǵ²عأ
㡭
ִţڹźؿˣŷ漲˶ͬʱ˹ȥ
̫һܸʣ̴ŹҸô߸ʣܸҪˣ۸ңøΪ
ŷ⻰ŷֺһЦתͷܸʣܴˣȥ
ܸû˵˫£УڹšңΡƬ̺ܸʵ˵ͷ˽ȥ
Ҫȥŷŷûᣬܸ˽ȥ
ܸһ޵ŵŨصҩζڴϣһԣݵ١
ƽ͵ľڹľγԱȣܸʹ񣬽һ¡
ЦЦͬڵȥϢһɣҺ˵˵
վ˸񣬱ȥ
ҳڹֻܵƫȥţ޵·ܸʣ˾ĬƬ̺ܸЦӻãҲΪˡ
һ뿴ˣᷢЩʲô
ЦҲˣҪ۸Ƕӣû뵽һţ۸ˡ
ܸû˵ĬţƬ̺ڵȥݰɡ
⻰ܸЩ죬ҪֱܸʸæȥָͷᴭϢţŵˣҲڶȥݰɡ
ȥݣܸ򴽣Ͳ·Żɽ
ȥݣűȨ뷴㷴ˡ
⻰ЦѼ¡
ܸʲ쿴ŷ̾Ϣܣ֪ģ壬ֻҪᷴ
ܸ˴𻰣ŵǻôʱʵʲôģкܶ˲ţ㣬տģй˾˼ȵߣ˵ǧϷһͳڡһҶϢ㿪óոﾡã˾˼ƺӣͨϱ¹طѵ飬ѾˣʣµģȵߣûʲôˡΨһĵģ
̧ۿܸʣЦԹ̫ֵܣǴҲɱ㡣
Ҳɱҡ
ܸƽƬ̣Ц˵öԣ±Ҷ˵£ɱ㣬ǾԻٳǡҲɱ㣬ҲܷΨһĺӡ
㿴ʲôӣ
ܸŭȳӣƫҵģߵزΪߣųΪµȥˣˣܸʶŷѡӣΪѡˡҲɱһʳһӡ
㻹ɱ
ͷЦΨһĺӣһգһ˽ҡͬ˵ղɱˣոһ긴һ꣬ã
Ҫô죿
ܸڣѾӵΧڹû߻ͷ·ҷŹܷŹң
ԣȥݰɡ
̾ϢݣűȨҲܰôúúܣһڶסٸһƣ£Ȼұ֤¡
ܸû˵ڶźˣʱεĸ󳼻Ů鱦档˺ӣǱ̫ϻͳȥ͵һֻ˿ȸһ㣬߸űˡ̫ϻʣض
⻰ܸЦˣ㵽ҷĵúܡ
ôأº͵㻹Ƿһء
ܸʲ˵ˣŷ԰׵⸱ģ˵Ҳºͺ͵ģȴû˲û˲硣
Ϊ壬ԴӣӦһֻһ͵һֻһԴѣ߲嵶
ܸʾŷǷĲһǺö
ս֮ϣΪĵԹĿ࣬ʤ
񲡣Ҳǵ򶫶ʱΪµļ¡
ܸͻȻʶǵҪȥˡߵһӣô˵Ю౨Ļ
ӦҰɡЩƣЦˣֵһķϣһ·
ǷΨһĻ·
ǲʵۣͻΪ˵ӣҪ
ǵ˻ʵۣܸһڶǾһҪһܸȥݣΪһ㣬ֻļڶǣ
ܸʿŷúڵá
⻰ܸʵ֣º͵ұ֪Ӧҵġ
˵꣬ͬ˵飬нɡ
ŷӦ˳ȥתͷܸʣ˵ߵգ𣿡
ڡܸʹϿڣЦݣٽԵĶǵˡ
ȴǲڵġÿҺڵʱҾͻվϣһҿջúããһжмֵġ
ҾǾһ̫ˡ̾˿һٳһ㡭
ʱٽ̵ֻһӡ
ܸʳĬ˾Ĭʱ洫żĽŲż嵽˴⣬ʣʣ
˵ţ񼱼ææ˽˵ǰڷǰ趢ܸʵҪҸʲô
άЦЦķļƽ͵ûж⡣
عˡ
ȥ񻹺ãƽջЩǲ֪ΪʲôȴĪĿ־ӿЩˣƺ֪ʲô˷ǰʡ
֣ס֣ǵԲס㡣
ԭأָͷĶЩѣȴʮ棬ǰ̫ණ̫æûкúչ㡣Щʱգ룬ⱲЩʲôǷЩʲôȥǷģ㡣
ʱûú㣬ûúøʲôʲôȴָţʲôף㲻ףұ˵㲻ԣұ㡣
ס
۾ЩģɫºͣǸúӣһֱ֪ʵǶ۰㣬ǰ㣬ҲֻϣܹúáˣͰǵТòã
ߵģץ˷֣˵ˣԲסңѾԲסʮˣҪ𣿣
ףǰȥץסŵߣҺ£ңߺòã
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ŴǸӹִˣӷ¿ʼͷһ¶̵ֻģ·СʱСʱСʲôͽץ䣬ʧ뺰ףף
Ҳʮ꣬ȴһһ㣬ֵ̿Ӧңףܶһˣ
̾ϢûһӣⱲӵͷˡ
˵ţתͷܸʣպݣڣԽ硣˾˼ҶҶ塢壬ǻùҸ㰲ҲǸóӣڣٱ㲻ҡһλ壬Ȼ㲻׽ȴõѣԶվ߰㡣
Ȼˣ񣬼ٿԱŷϽ˳űԼҪȳˣҿԹ֮󣬴Ϣ̧ͷŵǣѾΪ㰲źˣԺʲôܣǰһòã
ûӦۣŷ
ƺǲˣ˾䣺òã
֣ŵͷȥþúȴ˾䣺ףҪҪ
ˣŷֿܸʡ
ſܸʿס
ġ
İɡ
꣬۾
Ȼŷ֣ͷ鴤ż򣬵Ǹ𰸡
ܸʾһУŷȷӦҽҽ
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ӲƬֱ̺˷Ƭ̣ͬǳȥɡ
ŷʬ壬ޡ
ʣ
һµĿȥʿ͵ƿţ˽
ߵʿ˽Ļųȥһѷæ¡
ܸû˵߳ȥĻ̵ͬ¿סȥȥˣ
⻰̳ȥ׷ܸܸʣҪȥʲô
ֱܸ߳ȥʱʿʿŽΧм䣬ڱһȺ˻ţܸʣھŵܴˣʲô
گҡ
ܸʾֱڽ˵û㲻Ҫˣ
ܸ˴׷˳Ŵˣگң
ûگ
̵£ܴˣʬδǾҪֵѿ𣿱²һҪϢ𣿡
ܸʲ˵ˣƺھֱ˹ȥץסڵôûگƭ£ƭ£ǲҪͬƥһı㡭
£ڱ߭ţһƿ˷ŭȵʧ̬ˣ
ڵϣֻţܸʿǰ·һ̫ӣüͷúһתͷͬڵگ
گ
һʵӹǰֱֱͬʱͷ㿴糺ɫٷͷڣһӣһ˫侲޵΢ӣ֮ǰگ
⻰˶ˣĿܸϣǿӲ򣡡
ܸû˵ȴȷӦϽҲڴ֮󣬱Ļų̹ܸʺͽӾӣǰһܱ߹ǽȴ̶ʸܸʻܣ㿴ܱѾʿӿٺһ򣡡
ܸʳĬţƬ̺Ц
ӴкӣʥּȡԱ˽ӹӣչʥּˣʵԻϤδвǶֻأס֮ڽ£۳ףѭ˰š
̫ӷΨһѪºͣТмӣɿͳȻ٣ذ塢ɽӡʷҶġǰܸʼ˾˼˸Ϊڸ󣬲ߪܸ࣬ʼݽڶʹפݣ׾ڶտڸٲ붫
˺ڸ飬һս£ܸ־飬֮ҪΨհˣӾܣӾģ£ʱɻӱ£ոɽһͳġ
ˣ̧ۣˣοӡ
֮˶µģǰȥ˫ֽʥּЦŵ£ּɡ
ӹʥּƬ̺͵طӦȻʲô˼һʥּ˵ľģʲôڸʲôʲּ⣬ƭˣ㡭
£վƽگġű빬˵¡
𾪿ڣЦŵºαضŭأ룬ΣǶֻǳӣҪŵġ齨ڸ޷ֻ̫ͣǰЩæѡǰͬ˵С岻ã¶ͣⲻ̫𣿡
⻰˲٣ԱĻǰһŭҪſڴƻƣ⻰ֱڲƭ£ڸҪȴ˵ǰű·ֵ㵱Сƭ𣿡
⻰Цˣ˫ַǰЦеʸǣ
Ļų˫
Ŷӹ֣Цŵµʿʧʧ
һ⻰˫ͷɫˣתͷȥӢŵŶ˵ϴγïϦ˲ӡ˹ְ¶˾Ǿټλܴ˵ǰɣôµûټˣ£ӿ񣬡ôģ˵˰˼ҺôݵСӣôţҲǴˡ
㡭
˫ǰһŭҲҳֽͥûˣˣץ
˵ţԱʿ³˫תŷ񹧾£˫δã
û˵ɫѲ⣬ƽ΢֪²΢룬΢ԱжģΪλʥּڴ˴ȵ齨ڸ󣬵Ϊ룬¹ΪӣΪۣǱµģҵҲǱµģһ仰ģڸȷţȵһʱ䣬¾÷ۣٽڸ󣬱ΪΣ
Щɫֱͦͷ˵İɡ
Ц£²ȥϢɳȵۺ¡
һҹû˯ҲѾˡ˵ͷԱ߸̫ƲǾͷˣȥ˯һ޴ˣҪΪǡڳ񿴹ȥ˿޵ϣ˰ɡ
·Ը
Ӵùȹͷ뿪󣬽תͷӢܴ룿
Ӣ򴽣ˡ
ߺ󣬽ߵܸǰЦŵܴǽ̻ǸЩʱգ
ܸʲ˵ŽӣӽŵΪԽԽá
ٵ֪ܸڣ˺ͱ£ʱ׽ģ
ЦתͷŹ⣬֪ܴ˲ģܴ˷ġ
תͷܸʣζ»һگֻǻûʱˡ
⻰ܸʺڶ㶣Ƭ̺ƺʲôӼǶˣЦЦ˸롱ƣܴ롣
ܸ򴽣һԲת˳ȥ
ܸˣӿڣͷŴͬһˡ
ڵ˵ͷʲôʣȴûƺƬ̺󣬲ѡˣЩס
֪ӽعĻͷӦΪʲô̫ȴ񣬶ǿнڸ󡣡
ڲȫĬϡЦЦİţϣ̫Ӻг̫˳Ӳĥһĥͺˡ
ĥһĥЩףһѹҪ¶ǾЩëƤ¶ܣ͵ˣʾȻҪǻġ
⻰ڶʱЦˣ˵ͷܵǹ˴ˡ
ȥ֪ͨˡ
վڸ̨ϣƽ͵ء
Ϣ˰Ӽڵڶҹﵽ
ϣ˾˼骡ԪһȾơ
ƺڳ꣬Ǿ칦磬˶ˣظ裬˾˼骡ԪȵøˣںԺһ졣
ôȴԾһ㣬Ժžƣྡ
ƺˣԪϣĵҲûȥˣȻȥ󣬱ǳ͢Ĵˡ
ô˾˼ЦôҲǸ鰡
һ骵˵ģܴһĴ١
˾˼⻰˰֣ƧŵģȥҲǰæĶܴܺ˱ȣ
һԪ̵ͬͬĹٶһ
壬Ԫִڹ˾˼ϣžõҼһĹٶ
ʲôһ˾˼Щɻ󡣸Ԫŵ˵٣Ȩ㲻һһ¶һݹͣĶΪպõ¶δܸҪߵøߣߵԶ֪Ϊʲô
Ԫ˵ţؿ£㡣
⻰˾˼ЦҲǡ
Ԫڰ֣ңҪǣǴĵİ
Ź˾˼˾˼ЩףԪ۾Щ죺㣬ĵ˲֪úø¶ӪŹĶǣú¶ʵ¶ҲܳΪ١
˵骽ŵĵĴ٣͸ȥ
δġԪ˵ţֿЦǵġ
˾˼ŸԪĻ˼ɬŸԪһضһȥ빦Ҳضȥ
ԪЦ骣ԼĶӣϵʮˣźӶҾΪ¶Ҫء
شأ˾˼骣ЦЦɫƽҲһ
Ǳ¶ˣº͵غһգǺܺˣҲҪٶˡԺʱ䣬ͺˡ
˾˼ţ̾Ϣһӣͬ˱
һžƣȵҹ˶ˣɢȥ
骱˲͵ͷεЩ£յſڣͿһվǰ
˴ɫۣ˸СȣźСȣ骣Цлشˡ
㶣ͷЩãȻˣ
Сһţº͵شƺˡ
ãֱӣҹ紵˼֣侲ʲô
ЦЦƺ޺ˣҵҲҪضˣĳشˣԸĳһض
⻰骷˲٣ЦҡҡͷϰˣҲԸȥطͲͬȥˡ
Ϊأ
ֱӿڣ㶡
ƣʱһƬڡСסźŴ°һæأ
ʱ˾˼ոϴ굹ڴϣ㣬Ź˽ʲôʱܹȥ
ʹ˼ٵĽŲ
ˣˣ
ľϼææӣ˾˼͵Ϳľһ򣬽¼ݱˣ


161 
⻰˾˼ڶݵĴ㵺, ̷Ӧ, , ʼʰ֪ͨش˺͸һ, ͻض
ľӦһȻҲ֪˾˼Ϊʲô˵֪ԸҪضˣǸϽԸȥ֪ͨ£͹˾˼һʰ
Ǻܿʰ˶컹û˾˼ľϾʹϳǼȥ, ճŲԶ, Ϳһվſڡ
һ, , վǰ
, һֶеľĬ, ͤͤ, 䡣˾˼, Щ㵣شˣ
Ҫȥ
骿ڣ˵Įͬһȥ
˾˼Ƭ̣֪ҲյʵۼݱϢˡ̫Ϊʲô骲˵˲ȥ, ҪȥֻǴʱҲ룬Ҳ骵, ֻܵǱһɡ
ӦһʹӸǣһ˱ˡ
Ǽ˳Ǻ󲻾ãҲ˴˻ȥ
ȹ˾˼ļУԵݣһһƺڼǹʲôԱһʲô̵ˣġ
Ӧһһ룬ŵΪβشһ·
һ·ЦЦ²ۣýӲǹ𣿡
һȻͷˡ
˾˼骼лصص󣬶ѾڽӺ񲿵İ£ɵĿʼйɥ
ŹأʵһգȺ٣ɷ£ʶʮպ󣬽µֽɥϵСʮպСĴٹգжV֮󣬹ԱԻָڼ䣬ÿգȺһΣʮպ󣬻ʵ۳롣ڻʵ۳ǰٹۣÿΣ
˾˼붫ʱѾڼ۵ʱǵգȺһ٣Щ֮ʱѾ޵
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˾˼Ǻ͸Էֿ˵ԼҪȥң˾˼Ҳ˲һ·ɱ˹˸ȥ㿴Ⱥǰ
Ҳɫɷͷϴһֻ
ڳſڣǰ˵Ϣˣƽ͵˾˵ˣԡ£˳ɷ빬ȥ
˾˼˵ͷȥѾˮ˾˼źһ˾˼żأ
˯ˡЦЦӣʴ¶ʺӣ˵ʧ˷ִ硣
ӾҵĴ¶¶
˾˼أһߣҨˮ˾˼˺ӣڲŵگ˵
̫ӵǻ
Ҳµˣ˾˼̵²óóȻ̫ӵǻġ
ǣ˾˼Ĳ²׼ȷƽµ֪Լҹǰѡة빬ܴ˺̫ӶΪة빬дگܸΧڹ̫ǿ
⻰˾˼¶֮ɫܴ˷ˣ
ɫִ̫ܴ֮͢£˾빬֣ڱ¼ݱگ̫ӵǻλΪڸպڸͳһ֣µλ󳼷ֱΪڡҶġܸʡӡ
˵ţ˾˼ȴǽ˻ƽҡ
ע֪ˣ
µˡܴأ²ܾôڶ
˾˱ߪΪ࣬պڸɾ˾ܴ֡˼ݽڶʹս¶ܴ֡
˾˼ţ˵ͷϴò࣬վæӲˮ·˵ݡ
Ϊ˵ܸʺ̫Ϲܸǰж̫Ӵܸʡݽڶʹ˵Ƕ˹ְʵǰܸʷųȥܸһ·Ҳ͸˷һ·
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λ󳼣仹ƽüãΪ˷񣬼ѾѴδʮ궼Ѿıˡ
һֵ̫Ѱ˼Ķ
Ϊʲôӻõگˣ̫õ
˾˼Щͷۣʱ˷ס˷ڣָϣº͵һһ¶ţ
˾˼⻰Ц˵ͷͬһ˳ȥ
ͬŵſڣ㿴һ̫һ̫ӭ˵ڼ۵
˾˼㱻һ쵽˼۵˴ſڣԶͿɴ裬˾˼վſڣ㿴ŵ룬ʿųɷҲ˰׻гһ·룬ͷǷλĹ餡ӡܸʡҶġڡҶ˶վھͷ
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˾˼⻰ͬڴȹȥߵס
Զ죬ŵϵʯ֪ΪʲôͻȻͬ档
һʲôʱȻˣֻǵãʱԼһҵò죬λķݽڶʹȻκˣ̬ͬȣƽţ
Σ;糤Ǿ
ȡֳ壬һֽߴúͿɹ˾˼ȴҲǵãƺģЦͬ˵壬ȥ̫㣬¶ްš
˾˼һһߵλǰÿһλһС
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Լͼ֣Ϊ˼һľġ
ֻȥ̫ˡ
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˾˼۾ûţƬ̺󣬻˼ա
˾˼Ա߽߹ļ磬͵ûüǱ㡣£һһ°ɡ
˾˼ӦһҶнӹӣ˲ᣬŵˡ
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⻰˾˼æܸʣܴˡ
ܸʰڰ֣ûж˵
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ܴˣܸʵĻŲг̰źˣ
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ܸôɫҲ̫ÿ
˾˼ĸ˿ܸʣֿ˿Ȳ費ˣڵܴˣʵλˣҲȵ۵ķԸˡ
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ܸʵ⻰Ʊʹվŵˡ
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˾˼ܸɫȥƽʵܴҪģ˼ʮͬ
ܸʿŹ˾˼üͷʲô˼
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Ӵǲ׵ģֻǶ˵˾˼վſĬĬţо˿̵һ磬ů
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Цʲô
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û˵ȫȻ£ȵ۵Ļʹ𣿡
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⻰˵Խ
£̿񣬡գɣ
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˾˼º͵˯ȥ
˾˼·˸ڣ㿴źӣ˽ֵ˾˼ˣӹӣѯʵιˣ
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162 
⻰˾˼Ѹٽ骵Ļһ, ˼¡
źС, , ӽ, 
˿ӣֿ˿骣һⲻǸС¶֤𣿡
£Ҷڴʱˣ˷ĻΪ, ˴, õѶ, Ӧʷ̨참, ռ֤, óٹѶ
Ŷ, ǡ
£骹ڵ, , ˳͢سʷ̨ǧ˿ƣͥ, ֤ݣ¾ûˡ
⻰ҶɫΪѿ, ͷ޾˵úе֤ʲô
΢ԸΪش֤
ոշʣ̱˵ϣ΢Ź£·֮ʱ΢ڳֻΪף˾ţټˣ
Ϊβ˵
Ҷüͷ̵΢ҡλƺżشˣܳ裬ھվָһ죬΢óȻָϣ
ǳʲôָأ˾˼ڣ¶ζЦӣ
̲˵ˡ
˾˼̶֪ҵĴӣֻǽһһðˣԩֱЦ
̧ۿ˾˼Ƭ̺ǲ֤һ
˵ţӣɫƶеѪףش˵СѪԵشѪڡشڵ⣬ǹ˴ǣһԡ
㡭
˾˼ҪڣͱһѰס˾˼ֻͷ򽭺ӣȻѪֻҴӣˮѪ
˾˼֮ǰҪ飬͸׵סͲŵ̻֮վͬؾ˵
Ӱס˾˼Ƭ̺Ĭӿ骣֤𣿡
ڴ˴ˡ
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ţɱˡ£ֹҳܳνȻˡкᣬֱָŸϵˣȵȴڸãһ֮֮ϣӶĪҴӣǬҲݵҳ˲𣿣
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˴ˣ骷ŵᣬΪƺӰðΪһݹڶã˼Ϊ˾ˣΪ཭ӣ𣿡
˾˼΢΢תͷĿЦЦ
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һڣ˶˹ȥ
û˸˵ģ˵ŽӣȫȻ˵ȥ֤ǰ˵ڸ״˭ҲܻĹءɰ骣һ骣ôܰ⵹Ĵ󳼣պ󽭺ӼǺޣ˭ֲ˺á
ʱҲΪֶӡͬΪ󳼵Ĺ˾˼ܹˡ
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骵ͷɳƳԲס
̸ģ
ûг˾˼㲻ƭ㣿
ǲƭң骿Ц𣿡
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תͷ⣬̾Ϣشˣ߲ˡ
˵꣬ת˴ȥ
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Ҵʲô
˾˼֪ҶŭţɫƽҴҴӵ¶
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˾˼⻰Ц
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˾˼̴Ҷ棬ֻ̧֣Ҷļ磬º͵ҵɣȻȥɣȥ˾ˡ
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˼ҶŹ˾˼ɫ΢ˡ
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һߣһ룬˳֮ƽ
߽֮УУԱ߷һӣĹƺҲûʲôͬ
˾˼վſڣע⵽üվʲôؼȥ
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ˣش𣿡
Ļصɡ
˾˼ЦЦȴû˵
ӳĬһڵ⺢ӣ۶Һ¡
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ʲôأ
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⻰ӿЦαأ
Ź˾˼ſɬ͵ʲô֪𣿡
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أӿǽϣ֪ʲô֪ʲô
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£ٹһ꣬뷶Ӧϣȡ¶
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˾˼ʵҴȣҲǵһʵʱѡ
ţûзúȻѾ֪ˣֻʲôأ
֪ʲô𣿡
˾˼⣬վŽӣִľ׮ϣľ׮ԭΪǸûʵۡ
ԭΪһΪΪ񡭡
ԽԭΪ¿ˣȴеߡ
ԭΪǶǺˣΪˣ̣ЩӬӪ֮кβͬʤΪΪܣֻӣ𣿡
Ϊ˳Ƶۣϧ´ҡΪȨƣ޵ɥĲ񣡡
˾˼ŭȹЩȻ
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˾˼˵ˣŽӵ۾ӵնңңָ
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»õġӿ컨壬»Ǹˡ˭أ
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һ㲻ˮתͷ˾˼ģһ㶼񡣡
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ܵġ̾˼ʵųʱҵĸԣˮΪôࡣڶ̺Ҿ֪ܷܣȥȷݣߵزҴû̵Ҳûùδɱ֪˭֪˭ò
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⻰˵֮ǳõļž˾˼Žӣþúŵĸ״ԼڵǻȥԷȻȥˡ
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Ҳûӵ¶̫̾˿λ˵ˣ̧Ҳøȥ
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Ҷüͷɵõ£ڹɥڼ䣬Ϊǲס
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Ҷʮôһ͵س˵ϣҶķŭӭǷĽ⡣Ҷģ£
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һߵ࣬˼ˣץ˾˼ڰ·µȲˣѾˡ
⻰˵ͷ˾˼ˣҲҪˡ
תͷ鷿ȥ˫ָϴЦ͵صţϯɡ


163 
˾˼ųŴҴҶȥȵſ, 㷢ֳſڵפѾ, ӵͳ², ˶, ˾˼˸
˾˼̫·˲ɵЩ֣ҲҶʣ˾˼ɨһۣҹʱελõģ
ӪҺѣ̵, ͬ˵һ, պҲҪ, 㽫ǵ˹
һȥ֪һ, ²Ҫκ֪, ͵ֵءҳһҲҪҧ, ˵ûҡ
, üͷ, ˣ֪𣿡
˾˼⻰̵нǺˣ
ָʹ˳̽ӻ, ֵڷţָʹ뱻Ҷҡ
˾˼⻰, ĬƬ̣˿̿ԸͬȥҶ
⻰㶣˾˼ѹţ֮ڸ㲻ڣűɱºִƳǸȥܴˣ
ţ°ѹ˾˼ն͸պҲҪܲ¼ɡңܸʱλȨأϹ˾˼ڸسǴĵĺʵܸСܸǻһ
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ڶ켣꣬ǶĵͷߣҪѣŪȴҲ̫ס
˷ֹúǵ˸Ź˾˼ֿǰȥ
˵ҶʱҶҶѾһ˴˼ʱϵһҶӣ˴ҵǣ
˵֮˾ӿǰȥסˣһץסҶæҶӣ˲࣬Ͻǡ
常
˵ɣ
ץҶҶҧҧͷһҶҾ죬һѳҶϣٵߣ
սӣ˾˼˼ϵܸȻǵ˷ŵ·˾˼һ˴ˡ
˾˼æסһӣ㿴һѾ߰ڵϣѪѾһ㣬ǽϡ
˾˼ϳ֮ߵŮæôأ
ӡӡ
ŮϢţϵĴ£˾˼ͷȥһ˯ĺӡȾѪŮŹ˾˼ѵСӣ
֪˾˼̴ӴæУ˼Բԣ
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˵꣬Ůټֲס۾ûϢ
˾˼㶣Ƭ̺ף̼ȻڽҹãҪıȻܸһˣرȫܸӣӦܼҾټ֮ͳġ࣬ǿȥܼˣһȲԼˡ
ȻǲģӱڻУԸ˲ԼһС˸ȥܸ
ϵܸԶİͣ⿴ɼܸȫʿܷ˺֮Žվܸſڣ֮ϻѪܷ˴ھǰʿš
ӷңΥ٣Ȳ˼Ȱ裬ΪŰΪ𣡡
˾˼ܷ˵ĻһܸԱߵʿϢȡ˼ϻ˼ڹϣ͵ȹ˾˼һ¡
˾˼ûзһȦüͷԱʿӣԶ°ͣҡҡͷʿ̧ͷһۣܱϣ¶˼Ӱ
˾˼룬Ƶһȥһʯӳȥ
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ʱڹ֮УȴһƬƽ
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ڼڵĻȴϷ̧֣ͣ˸裬űӣЦſڵ壬Ǹ˵ģҲͿ˳ЩҪ㲻ڸ޻һ㻹ʲô˵Ҳá
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֮ûжãͼǰȥӦҶҵҶ˾˼һ˹常ôˣ
ڻ֪
˾˼ҡҡͷһ棬ٵ֪ˡ
Ҷ⻰˶㷢ֹ˾˼ﱧŸӣЩɻ󣺡ǣ
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˾˼򴽣ұȥܼҽ˶ǡ
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常ø硭
û˵꣬ͿһԶԶ۳ҶԶѧŶžУΪһ顣˾˼֮ͬ˵ҹȥ
˾˼˽ߵ·룬ǰ˼
˾˼һϳǽӵ̴ԷԶԶ̷ӡ
˾أ
˾˼üڣ̵Żˣ˲˵ڳУǻùӲصġ
˵ţóһϻӺһѽ˫˾˼ǰ˵Ҷųζ빬նˣڸܵѾûˣ뾡ݣ֪ܴͨˡӽϻһȥϻӹҪغãؼʱó
˾˼⻰ͷһݣ֪ϻʲôȡ˽ϣϻӲصУȥ˾ˣһᾡ쵽֪ͨϢܴˣ˻
˵ȲûʲôϵƽڣҪǣסسҲҲˣֻܸ湫ˡ
˾˼˵ͷԥƬ̺Ҷ˺Ŵˡ
ҳʱõϢûаֲѾȥˡ
˾˼㶣һƬ̺ſڣȴʲôû˵
תͷȥȺУҶһ̳ȥ֪֪常
Ҷӣ˸񣬹ڰ
⻰Ҷɫ͵رɷף˾˼һѷסֹסҡεӡҶϢȭͷø硭
һȥˡ
⻰Ҷ˶˵ˡ
˾˼ɨһҶҶϣԥ
ס
ҶȭͷŤͷȥŶ
Ƭ̺˺һ°ڣ˶ͷϣ˾˼߰ɡ
˾˼û˵ƺ˼ʲô
˶콥˾˼˫£УƮƬ̣תͷ㣺ɷͷΪȥһˣ
⻰Ƭֱ̺ͦ˫ֽǰŹ˾˼ƽɾΪ£
Ӧ㣬˾˼ԾһĨǳЦݣǰһŮӣǰһѹü͵ҵˡ
׳н


164 
⻰ڶݵĲ, 侲
֮нյλ, Ҫı, һ޷ٿ, ôڷԣҲû˶ټֵڶѾãݱȻѾ˱仯
˹˾˼˼˵ͷס
˵ţתͷ˺ӣԥƬ̺ҴŽȥɡ
˽Ҫι, 벻ġ˾˼⻰, Ƭ̺, Ĭȥ
ȥ, Լ˼ġϻ, һҲѾ, , ȥ, κһ˶㡣ҪǣǸŮˣ׽Ӵ, ңһȺУΨһһˡ
˾˼һѾ, Ȼ̰صùû̫ϢһȴƲģ֮Ըôȵһܣ޷ΪжһΣڼУݣ˵ݡҪ伧˺̣˵Ĺϵ֣ĻҪ̵˽⡣ָ֣һȺõѡ
Ȼᵽ˹˽֣˾˼ʱ˼ԥ֮ǰȥʱһ·գ˽꣬ûкúչ޶ˣҪߡ
һøȥܸסƵģҲҪȥġ
㿴Ź˾˼Ĭ֪˹˾˼˼˽˽ָȥװͬҶϺܿܿͬһɡ
㡭
̺ܿ궫£Ȼ׷ǣǴһ·գ̧ۿ˾˼侲Ҵţ׷Ϸߡ
˴ˣҶҲˣƣŵƣȥ¡
⻰ҶҲȰˣ˼߰ɡ
ܱ˶ȰŹ˾˼˾˼ҧҧȥһ£ƵԲ𡣡
ûϵ
ºͳӡ
˾˼Ӧſָ˷ֳӣߣҲ㣬ĿһȺ˶뿪ȥ
ʱ˼˹֮ǰӦѾޣιҩ˹۴ţҶ˼飬ľϱ˼飬޴ӣ޸ͣô죿
˾˼⻰عľнӹ˺ӣ˽Ǳϰ˵ģĺͬԱ˵Ū׽
ʱ˼׽˾˼׽ι˼飬һϵǰȻһ·ݡ
һһۡ
˾˼Ҷһ˼۳ң絶
Ҷϵĺӵ˹ȥ
㱧Ź˽Ĵı˽С˯š
Ҷ棬˿ѾûˣϣһֱûתͷաһɫǺܺãѹѹһƬ˯˹˽̧ͷһۣĬƬ̣ڵ޾Ϳްա
Ҷ⻰ûһֱŴûлͷúŵĸʱѿ޹ˡҲٿˡ
㲻֪Ȱ⣬ԱҶϿ죬һ㸸𣿡
⻰㶣Ƭ̺صҸҲ֪ġ˵ײ룬Ҳã㲻ϸøףҵȷǳҵģסҵģ֮ԾɼšֻҺġ
̾һţҪףҪңȴ׵úܡôˣҲûҡҪôûˣҪôǲԸҡұ㵱ԸҰɡ
ҶϾţЬĳϣסԼԭΪ˶ߵͷˡʲôҲټ𡣡
ҶϱûйҶϿЦ常һߣг¶ûˡ
Ҷ˵ţʵҸ׵úܣҺܺã룬ڣһжˡ
ôƬ̣ͻȻãҶϷ·ǵǸҶϣǸǵС
ǲᰲο˵ģΪʲô¶ҲԼĬĬ֪οʲôãȴҲף˿˵ʲô򴽣ڵ绹ڡ
˵ţֵңҲڡ
֣Ҷϲ˲ëŵһӣвͬšĳ뿪㣬µȥպ󣬻Ҳͬһ㣬Ϊ˵ĳ
˵ţЦˣ¾һӵߵ·ˡ
·Ҳ̫ˡ
ҶϿЦ̫ãûϴٵʢ龡˵Ļһӡպø϶ңպñž꣬Ҿñǰʮ̫꣬ˡ
ԼҲһɣº͵ž󡣡
ҶЦЦûж˵Ҳû˵ҶϾͬⳡǡǡ˹˾˼Ǹ˵𣬶˵Ϊй˾˼ǴһȤˮлΪһ档
ÿ˶ˣڴʱ˵˿Σ룬Ź˽ߵҶȥ£̧һֻ֣ҶϿԼϣº͵˯ɣ㡣
Ҷûгͷס˴ۣ㣬·˯ˣȻһ㷢Լļȴʪ͸ˡ
½·ˮ·˳£죬͵ݡ֮ȵ˻ݣݵϰˮһ͵ݵģˮһ㣬ڼ䣬㰲ú˴ˣѯˮ𣿡
ˮĻЩɻеģ˴ʲô
ʲôλϣ
ˮʻȻЩ֣ȴճˣˮ˶Щ޹ؽҪˣλߵģҲֻǼԺһŮŮȻǽӴʲôġ룬ˮĿǰйԱԼ˵ƽȫ˹
ǵȪһŮΪòҲܳ谮Ů̧֮Ϊ˼檣ΪȪСĶӡ¶ӺȪ㲻ٳ谮ںԺһһˡȥŰ裬Ȫ檱侮ʯûֱȪȥʱӺ󣬲Ž˳
Ϊжֻ̣̣㰲ַһ̵ֱĿܡ
һ㣬˶ġ
ˮվߣУ˵ģʱҹ븮£˾ܾ˴ڰˣ߱ڳ
ײɣ
ܿܿһЦˮ˴ҲЦˣҶԱţλˣó¶ˡ
ûתͷҶϣʶ

ҶϽ֪һμΪõʱ㲻Ըʣ㷭ݹԱᣬһһȥʱͻȻע⵽һ֣Ѱ
΢΢һ㶣ԺＫһͷ
˾˼ֵܣĲûˣѰˣĴɢ˾˼ƺҲҹѰҲû䣬￴һϤ֣㲻ɵ˼ֻ롣
æͬˮȥгѰĿ䡣
ˮӦȥˣϤݵĹԱ
̲ڣµ˱µһĻ
˵»ʦܣͬͬ㣬ǸҲҰĵ꣬겻ʮţȴݽ̵
ｫ˵Ĺϵһ飬ˮˣҵˡ
⻰ӦһվԸӡտù˽֮󣬱ñˮһȥ
ˮһ·ʶȥ
·һ·ߵ¶ķŮӽķ̫עĿˮһڶĲ跻£˵һ㵽ҹʱС꣬һ˴ñɡ˦һǮСӶķ˳һߡ

ˮСڣ㾲һ󣬵ͷվ˳ȥ
Ǹһ·ߵм䣬ƺǲʲôͻȻͣס˲ӣִϵĽϣȻתͷ
ɡעǰˡǰϴźӣͷ϶ñǱһźɫĴ룬ԭ忡ݣ㣬ڶݾ漴˴㵣ðƽ¹ӡ
һΣѰȷˣȳ㣿
ҵѰʱ˾˼һڵִ
⧲˾˼ԭڳ¥һ¶棬ǵ˱˳
ǹ˴ˣ
سǵĽʿ̸˾˼˳ţ˾˼ֱܸǸϵܸʱܸʵϢ̵ãֻǹ˾˼ٶȸ죬ܸʵʱ򣬹˾˼Ѿõܸʡ
ܸһ¶棬˾˼̱˼ܸܸʰֵö˵㡭
˼
û˵꣬ʹǵǼ˽ܸʵĻһץŹ˾˼ٵ֮ûУ
⻰ʵ̫ŵ˼飬˼鵱޳ǵͷ˼飬˲䣬㶣ɵõǡ
˼顣
˾˼ڻش
һ··˼ֻܳɫѾ̫ÿɣһ··ڣ˿̼ǣҲ֪Ǹģǵ汻ŵˣǰ۴ޡ
㶿˼飬ԱҶǰѵҸԱɣһӣһ·ôڣҪˡ
̧ͷԱҶͷϵİײ˵ܸʿȥ˼鱧ȥͬ˾˼ʲôˣôǧźӸ˹
⻰˾˼תͷܸʣɫ״潭ɱţԴҹҡŴˡҶһ빬Χ˸ۡҲǰѣȥܷԼٷʱȴֶԷѾǰٷƴңŻ˳ǣŴҶˣڵҹں
˾˼˵ƽܸʾû˵һƬãȻǰҲ֪ʲô
Ƭ̺ܸЦ
֪
Цţ̧סԼĶͷƱϲ˾˼ܸʣ΢΢ܴˣڷڸһ¾Ҫټˣ˻ϵúá
ϡܸЦЦʲôϣ
˵ţ̧ۿŹ˾˼޶ڶݵıֲǶҵģʲôϣ
˾˼⻰ɫ侲޶һֱڶǻزˡ
⻰ܸɫһԱͻȻɡ
һһƬƽƺʹ󣬳ֳһ侲վƽոˣ޷ǾԼô̾÷ˡˣ˱Ӵ˾ݣռΪ
ı
ܸʶǣǾܸʣǲı𣿡
ܸû˵ӣûð֣˾˼վһԣƬ̺ڵܴǲ죬Ҹһ£
˿˾˼˾˼ƽð죬߻ѱɱŴҲҶ˵Ϣȥ˼ٰ綫̫࣬ٴһʥּʥּݾضȻһɣЩ졣ȻٽǶӪʣ飬˾˼ǣЩ죬
⻰˶Ĭˣ˾˼ܸʻǲŵңﻹһ
ܸʿ˾˼óһУܸǰ
ʲô
ܸüͷ˾˼侲گ
ܸɫһݣ˾˼ִ̧򿪺ӣگ˳ݸܸʵȵ۵ڶگµʧ£ɷ϶
ܸ𾪿گһԲ
Ҷܸʻԥܴˣ㲻ΪȨƣҲڶֵܡ常ҲٺѣŴ֮£ô𣿡
ܸûгگ˼ҶǰһʲôԥǼ˶ڶŮ죬޵һգΣվͶһݣ񼴿̾Χǽ˽Ȼ̤ƽ׽̣л²ǣһԥʲô
˾˼ִ̧ҶϣҶٺţȭͷˣ˾˼ƽ͵侲Щ
Ҷ˾˼Ļƽ࣬˾˼ܸʣٴεܴˣʲôǣ
ܸû˵Ǵ˿̣һųǹ룬ɫȣɫأ׵ĿϴѪŸͷ
˶ˣܸվ𾪿ǰ˭
ʹ侲ڣܸʣעܸʵ۾˵ܴɱ˾˼ұԺ⽫նˡ
⻰˾˼ѸٷӦǰһ̵ܴˣʹն޿ˡ¾£һ⣬گһ˵Ҫ˻ͬʱǰݣ伧̹ϵʧ̣ܷҲصݣʱǴˣ㶼˼Σ
ܸû˵ҲƬ̣ǳɡ
˵ţ̧ۿܸʣɫƽףѾûѡ񡣡
ʵ˶֪˿ܸʻеڶѡǾɱ˹˾˼ͻԱģ֡
һǺŹ˾˼̺Ǽֱ뻢ıƤ
ܸڶ˼ڵôɡ
ܸʵĻ˾˼˿ȥ²ȥ
ҪȷҹǵĽʿ֪ʵڶһУȻһȥٰ綫ʹ
һʹϢͱնˣǸպð˵·ץԱߵС̫ڶǡ
һܸ֣ӭʹС̫սսȴŹ˾˼ľ棬ǿƽ̬ܸ˹С̫ൽʥּʱС̫ఴŹ˾˼Ըһܸͬʵܴˣʥּýһ˵
⻰˶֣û˸ѯʳֻܸܶʸ̫˽ȥ
ܸһȥЩŵĽͲ˽Ŵ˵Ⱦ£̫ܸͬ˵Щʲô
Ȼǻû꣬洫һҽУܸɫҰ״˳
н쿴ܸʺѪЩľսһŵӿڵܴˣǡ
£ŸһʥּܸǼΪѿڣ붫
⻰˶֣֪Ҷ˾˼ѵǷܸʶ֣ǱȻġ
̿ʼܸʽĴ㣬ȻϵǣܸʽŵҪ뿪֮ǰλͳͳն
ʲô
⻰˼һ̷Ӧ˲ɣҵȽΪҵȴնԶۣȴ붫ǹʵ۰˰
⻰ˣ̷Ӧܸһ壬ǷҪɱܸʣҪ֡ǿܸϵѪ²³ܸʵ˼̵ܴΪɱʹҵΨܴհ
ҵΨܴհ
Ӧͣһʱ֮䣬Ժ̱ܸ¶Ϊʹı飬۵ȵۣԭֵܡңֶλΪͬĲкλҵȣȨƸλֻΪȫλף
ף
ȵʺҲϵգگңԼµʧ£ɷ϶ҵȽվ£˽ΪȫҵЧҡڹΪȵԸĽɽλ飿
ҵȫƾ˷Ը
һӦܸͣڷ˾˼վڳȰһУҶǰһֽ˼ϭĺȰžдá
дˣ
˾˼תҶдõֽǾͳȥɡ
֪ܴͨ磬ɨϭϿִʣ쳣侲ݣݣ
ˮڣ˾˼̧ۣ䣬ǡ
𣿡
ҶĮ˾˼תۿ벻أ
𣿡Ҷһ飬˾˼ĬƬ̣ڵȡڷ񣬻᲻ܼ˻
Ҷͷûж˵˾˼עԣ룿
벻ûʲôϵ
ҶȫǺ⣺ֻǧУȫʬ
ľӣ˾˼ĬƬֽ̣̾Ϣóס۾
ЩҶ̧ۿŹ˾˼ߵĵزͬ˵ɡ
˾˼ĬԣҶҲǾ˵ˣĬƬ̺ڵҼ˽̹һӣǹ񣬿ɾ˼ݻ
ŷӵȴΪȴӸλ¹ڡ
Ҷۣ˼ֻϣһղұãԼҶңеͼ֣Ц
㻹ڼ𣿡
˾˼ȻҶ㶣ʲô
ľӵ
Ҷ⻰һʱ˵˾˼˫£Уתȥͥһ㣬ǰһκ¶еߡ
Խ֮ǰĶҡĥԽ֮󣬡˾˼סӣתͷգɫԶǱٲˡ
ÿ˶иԵѴκѴóΪһɡ
Ը£˾˼۰ɫʢհƣתͷһ˫עҶָ̧գһЦºּᶨǧŲȾ


165 
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ǰ粻ģ, Լ, ҲѺʱȥԶ
һ, Ťͷ, ˵ˣһ¶Ҫæ
˵֮ҶдõϭĺżҴ뿪ȥ
˾˼ıӰþúջ֣, ̾
ݿʼӷ, ݲϸȴ¸ͣ
ͳѰڲ¥ż, ˮ, ԸѰ, Ϊпû뵽, һ, ټ
ѰЦ, Ѳǵḡ˵ģнӹʱɫǫ, ǷС˵ģ
֮ǰ˼Ѱ㣬㿴ӣ̾˿, ʱֱټ̫ˡ
ǰѰ˿ڲ裬ůӿȥѰɫºͣھ˼˴٣ǲѰңҲҪȥǵġ
ΪʲôأЩ֣ѰЦݲλÿնõîԼѲǸˣֲġұԲݣЩҲúҼˣ԰ȹˡ
Ѱ˿ڲ裬תͷȥϸ꣬վЩģÿÿ뵽Ĳ뵽ȥ;ãԸ߳жʲô˼ڶŴ٣Ŵ¶ûͣ˼ȥصŴݣܲʲô
˵ţѰ̧ۿ㣬ƽͼıɣ
ǻȵ۽ڸԸ񣬴֪ɣ
㾶ֱڣѰ㣬ע⵽ôʣзȵۣԷȴֱɵõѾݣϤ֪ʲô
ڸɱةҶʷ˼ѣԼѾݣҵһ¡
˵޷
֮ԵõأҪıݵ֧֡΢΢ѹϣ̶ܹ̬Ͼϵ
һһ뷶Լڧ˼öҲֹ֧Ԯ
ˡѰͷ˼ţ˼ɵõʲô
ʵѳѰڣͬŵһƽ£Ҿʱ䣬ԭ£ڰ¶ҾɲЩҿóȻǰʵԼҲӪá
ͷѰŵα̵ʦܣĹ¶˵㣬Ҫݱ̶̬Ͼϵȱùء
Ǽˣӣʲôλã
˵ݵʵҵľɲѰԼݼһһ˵ţ֮ǰȪ˳̣Ȫˣ˾͸СӣС̫С˵˱Ǽ˵ʵһˡʮκ£նںԺţ͵̻
С˼һ£һʵݴʵԽĹϵ
ΪûСѰҡҡͷʮָ߰ǿϼŮˡ֮ǰ˼ҹ룬̻ؾʲôǲ
ͷóѰ˵Ҳе
ȻӴҲóԼĸʮֽԳ֡Ѱ˿ˮŵ˶뷨Ͼѡģˣţÿʣദǵжԣ棬ôӢ۾ϸٻһŮǺѲġһλѣ¶ͬ˵˵һţ̻޸ǹͬСӣһݵʵۡ
Ǽộ
üͷѰЦЦԼǰɡҲΪˣûкЩɲӴ
û˵˼ţ֮ƽ´ˣ᲻̣ᷴ
ţ
ѰЩɻӣŵŵƽ²ƽǺʶ󣿡
оųɡ
Ѱ϶ڣ룬뼧ˣϵΣ
湧еģѰӦ̫ϼˡ
û˵˼ʲôѰ˵Щֵ㣿
ô棬ܷͷҼƽ£
Ѱ㶣ͷá
ûԥ³ѰȥţȵҹѰ㽫ƽ´ЪϢĿջ
˼ӣƽ¸̸ƽ֮ͬ㹧˵йãԶԶǣ
ŹûĻ֮ԭΪҰһ񣬺ȪʶΪҿ䣬ƽ¶֣ȪȡȪ˶ԣͬ졣
ƽЩ豭Ų豭ϵĲҶ˿ڲ˾ʶ
˶£ɱޣôţ𣿡
㲻ƽµĻѯʡƽ⻰Цԭ˵ġ
˲òģ
ֱһΪѲ̽ƽµ·̲ݣһʮСפݣһ£ί𣿡
Ҹأ
ƽ¿ϳӰӣǣλãأ
㲻˵֪ƽͬˣ˼ţڵɱ
Ȼ̻ɱң
ƽµͷЦһûôɵ
ûʱˡƽڶɱҶĺڣ˾˼ǰݣ£ݱطΪ̻ʱʰ𣿡
ݵˣƽ½̽ǲݵˣⲻҪΪ֮Ҫġ
ƽ²˵Ķˣ㿴ӰҿΪüվߣҲԽֺǮͼɱ̸һݻ㡣
֮⣬һǮƣ¡ǳǮ˳Ϊ֮ٻ㲻ˡ
ܸҶǮ
ƽǮȤЦЦֵ̧һ򡣡
ƽ⻰Ҫܾ𡣡
̾鹥㣬о裬𡣡
ƽû˵˺󣬽ŵʲôҪ󣿡
Ϊ֮·һͨ
ͨ˭
ƽЩ⣬һ̡֣


166 
⻰ƽԸв, ȡ, ̱, ֻһҪ, ˵ʵǼ
ƽ²ɵõ⣿
УԺ˰ݹټҲѡУˣѡСȻ, Ҳ, ˵, , ʱ, ǹټҵĻ, , ߷ֳɡ, 
ƽ²˵˼Ƭ̣Ժú, ҸǮΪݵĹ£պ߷ֳ, νװǣԸ⣬һһˣҲδɡ
ǮбƽµȷΨһѡƽµƬ̣ͷɡ
˵ƾ侲־Ϊá
һ˵־ݣƽ±Щԥ˵ֱȻԸ⣬ͿͰɡ
áƽڿڣ㼴ֽʣƽ°־¡
־ݺ󣬳Ѱƽ³˿ջС껹ûͣЪƽºͳѰƽһ̵־ݣһ־ȥҷǺã
ᡣƽҡҡͷݺͶڼʣΪλôԶʲô⵹̣Ҫġ
ǡҶ˾˼֦ͬҶ֮֡
˵ţһƽ£ƽЦЦҪʲô

㶣ƽ¿СǮ
˵ţƽ±Ц
Ѱƽ£˿ջӡʲôѰ߽ڣΪ㣬˵Ƿƽ£᲻һ̣
ᡣ
˿ڲ裬̧ۿ𣿡
Ѱ㶣תͷͬԸȥ˼Ϣһ

̽ųŵ©Щʱƽ²áˮ㣬˸һ³Ѱ㵽˼ǰֺȻ˵˵ڶȻ߼ˣ̣򴽣ڻǵĽҡ
⻰ȫ㣬Ⱦ˼ݣ߷̵ƽõòұŽŮ֮ͶȻŵѯ̣żɸ봫飬Լգգһἤŭˣƽ˵֣һɱݱңʱ˾˼±壬ƽºͳһҹǽɱݱжᡣ
ס
ȥ˾˼Ϣ
ȥ󣬳ѰһߣЩƽûô
ΪƽºҪôǮʲô㿴ѰЦЦǮʹĥͿ᲻ỨǮƽ±Ȼؽ¸ݽȥˣᣬ㲻𣿳˽죬ЩƶգɽˣǮµ˰ɡҪʵҲˣȥ¶ķʣ
Ѱ㶣ඥһˣȥ뷨ӣ
ϢûݣݾµϢȴǴˡ
ܸʲûµϢľٶǳƣֻǼݵıԼٶ˼ݽı߾ĳǣȻ˱߾ϡ
֮ûǰһ˶ڴĦܸʵͼ¶žƣƺܸʴ˾ͼıʲô
֮ڣ̺ͷȴܸʵ˼ܸʵŴ˶дֻҪ񽻻ܼҼҾ죬㼴˱ӴפݣԱ
ŵ˷У񣬷źЦԱԱôΥʥɱʹߣµݣҳӣޣҪ
Ϣŭ̹ڣת
ʲôתۿȥº͵Ψһǣܸʵģܼˣǰܼ˸ܸʣܸʱȻ̾ıǱ޻֮ˡ
֪Щͷ˵ϻ
£֪ݡ
أ
ң֪ӲȻģǰܸʵǰΣ
⻰̧ۣ̣üʲô˼
Ϲ紦ǵȵ۾Ƕ񶫶ƴֻ˽һţ²ʱǰ߱ȫضһܸǿȡҲӦԡ
ǰô죿
ЩԥЦˣܸȥѽ
Ҫܼˣǲǲܸȥǰߣ֮Ǿͻˡ
֮Ҫ
ŭȣʲô⣡
ܸ֮ʱʣأ
ζ£ʱ򣬱±ڶԲܸ࣬ǰ֪֪ܾˣٴӱΧܸ滷Уܼ˻Ҫ𣿡
⻰㶣Ƭ̺ɵõǲȥأ
ȥǰߣ²ټضܸʾһս𣿡
ȻѵΪǰæ񶫶ܺһսɣң񽭺ӻ֪ȥĶҲȡ
Щ÷л̻̲̼£ǰ߳ҲʧǶѣʱͱݴӺЭǰлܸʣ֪ͣһݸ֪ʰܸʣ˻λϢͼ¡ʵ£ȫ֣Ϊ˴֣Լ
⻰
˵ò׵ľɲٻǰߣöֱܸҪõöࡣ
룬ͷͰ˵İ죬ϱǰ߽ԡΤϡ˾϶ٻضٰܼ͵ȥܸʿһۣԹԵǰȥ
Ӣ
̵˷׿Ϻ󣬱ȥ߳⣬Ը˽ϢһͳȥͬһǵĴ㣬Ҹˣ˽͸©ܼˣǵķˣǸϡ
⻰һЩ⣺ʲô
ٸϵһϢƵһѰƻ¡ȶܸʶţ̹ԥݡ
һ⣬ͷȥ
վڹϣǡ
֪ͷݲ֮أ˭Ӯˣ޷㡣
ǿ׳ͳʱգ֪ذܣһƽ⣬Ҳˡ
һʱ
붫޻ƺӣڸ󣬵
вأҲ޴󰭡
ţ۾
ˮˮϢͷǳϸꡣ
˾˼ݣأ
롪ڹ˾˼ߣû
ܻԸ
˼Ȼֹ۾
ʱ֣Щˡ
 
ϴˢؾϢһֻһֻ˴ӸȡϢһһ鷿
鷿֮У˾˼ŵͼܱߣŵͼ˾˼һۣЦڿʲô
룬üͷô󶯾ܱ߸֪û뷨𣿡
ݽܴһ꣬Ѿ壬ʱоҲ㰲ȣʱǡ
ͷ˾˼ŵ֪СϾǴԱ󽫣أ߲ҵף֪㲻ҶˣҲƿǰ߷أƿǰ߷أҲӦƽʱʽսˡ
潻սǰȥмɰգ
˾˼ţĬƬ̺ȵϷ֮һֱڣʿ׼ƺ޺֮ˮ˳ͨʿʮּʱǵʿ죬ս뱱ĥ֪ȣ˵Ǳǿ׳Ҫ򣬴Ĳη塣
⻰˿˾˼ͷϵĵͼǱ㻹ˡ
һĿܡ˾˼̧ͷ˾˼Щŵʲô
˾˼û˵ʱ洫Ҵ̧һֽ͵˾˼ǰϢ
ϡ
˾˼æȥһֽҴɨüͷԱߴŸ磬ô˵
ܼҼҾ죬ѴӶݡ
Ǵ㻹ˣ˿ڣ˾˼ûг룬ȴȥ飬ϧһдۣӪܼҼҾ졣
⻰ȥ̵ȥɡ
˾˼̧ۿŸ˵򴽣Ҫ¡
ʲô
û˵˾˼ţվȥ
֮⣬ܲǷӿ˾˼վڳ⣬򶫶ķ
һƺǿ˷µһС
ݣ⣬޻ƺӣƽݣ㷢չУܼҰݡ
֪⣬⣬µһУƺڽٵһСϾˣ̫ʼûвµĶӣȻһλ
˾˼ۣþúſ۾ڳ׼һ£գȥݡ
գ
Щ⣬˾˼ͷʲôûֻͣǵȥϢɣȥܴ硣
˾˼˵꣬ǵķȥ
ڷźӣ˼ڴȥޱ鿴Щƣ
˾˼ͨ뷿Уڴϣһ硣
ǻлתͷ˾˼Цһ˼
ҵϢ˵ɩӺܷˡСѾѺ·ϣʱ㣬ٹգǾͻᵽٷڡ
⻰˼־ЩŵӦˣ

˾˼ֱڣǽ˽Ƭ̺תͷ˼Ҳ޷ֻҪ̸Ǻõġ
û´˾˼ƽ֪ڴʱǻὫԥǰ߳ضפȻԷΪҪЮǰԥݡ
Ǻ֪ܾˣ
̷Ӧ˾˼ͷǡ
̵˼Լǰ֪ԵУȻںݱ֡
ǲ˵ˣ˾˼ɫŵβ֣ҪҪԥλ󽫵̬ȡ
ƶݲ֣
Щ֣˾˼ҽԭܴͬˡ
ʲô
ݻңˣݡ
⻰ԥƬ̺˲СĿ
ܴ绹Ȼط𣿡
˾˼Ѿ˹ȥӪȷ˵ˣǱȻرأ²ôӪȣǾȲɣΨһķӣǴӦǣǰԥݡ
һǸܵУ
ǲͬüͷ˾˼̵ʱ򣬷񲻻ṥǣṥǣ֧Ԯǽ֪ȵǺ֪ܾ˺򡣶ȵʱǣǱݷͷǡ
ˣǲſԼȾ·ˣֲ
⻰˼һͷá
ҽձ˳
˾˼̳Щ죺ô
˾˼˵ͷ㲼ڼʮ𼱡
ǡԥƬ̣Ǹϵˣջǵȥɡ
˾˼ӦȡƣƸ˺󣬱˳ȥҵƽͬǰݣЭ㣬ݡ
ӹƣͷãġ
˵ţ˩ϣ̧ۿ˾˼ЦʲôҪҰɩӴ𣿡
˾˼⻰㶣ſڣҪ˵ʲôúֻǵģһкúõġ
Уͷתˡ

˾˼ȻЩɻͷ˾˼ǰһѹֻ֮㼴̸ԥݣҪκҵ˭Ҫõ𣿡
Ÿ硭
Щ𾪣˾˼ץ濴õ𣿡
û˵Ź˾˼˾˼ֵּ֪ضҪԥˣգúãҺܴһԮ㣬ʣܴҪЩ¡һñסԥݲ𣿡
ԥǴգԥݣڴ˵ҪǾˡ
ֻӦ֪ٹ֮ǲܵġ
֪˾˼ݻŰˣֻҪסԥһ£ұԮ
û˵˾˼̧ۿʲôҪʵģ
Ÿ磬򴽣ǲʲôң
˾˼㶣û뵽ˣþú󣬲һ̣һĿԡ
ʲô
Ǿǣ̣ͷβ֪ˡ
⻰סˣ˾˼ɿŵһֱ룬ΪʲôҪ˶һֱССֵľ޻ƺӣ˵Ǹ̫ӶѲʱ򿱲ˮ룬ǰȥҲôһʱ䣬ôóһƵɷͼܸʻݵ˼ֶηϳڸȫ֮٣֪أ
˵һʼǺ֪ˣΪ̫̫Ȼ̫ܸʵìܣ̫ӵǻܸʱʱٴ֪֪ͨԥݣңôڶڶ֪֮սʱϹۣȵؼʱֱ̣ӳ֣֮ʱ£ȫ̵ˡ
Ź˾˼ĻɵЩˣô죿
ԣȥԥݡ˾˼侲ϣôЩͳǲܼҼҾˡ
Ϊʲô
Щ𾪣ܼҼҾʲô£
ֻܼҼҾ춼ûˣܼҲŻͷ񳹵˺ҪľǴĲܱ߾һζڶѾǰ߱ȫأض֮԰ܼҼҾ͵߾ҲҪ˵⡣
ǡҪʲô
ЩͣʵѾˣţҪȷһ飬˾˼ҪܼҸӣۿԼ˲ŭǵѪ԰ˡ
ȥݣȻԥݡ૳¶ܴ𣿡
Ҳ˵
˾˼侲˵ˣߡ
ǵ·ܴ֮ܿͻףô죿
ЩżҪ߰ɣ
黹ûߵһ˾˼ֵ̧̻ҲѾ𣬶˿գ˾˼̧ͷշ˼ֳܾܷܲˡ
ܾ´󼪡ȲֻҪܷ˲ұ˵ܴ˺ܴͬһȥԥݶԵУҲ·ߵһֻغԥݣҵİ취
ˡ
ͷ̵ͳ
У˾˼򴽣ͬ˵ЩԥƬ̣ڻǵͬ˵סݣƺȥ޻ƺԭ򵥣ڻƺʲôֽšԥѵһϹǻƺΣ취
á
Ӧףɩӵ㡣
˾˼͵Ӧһ½뿪ȥҹݸ˹ȥ
˾˼Լűʣдһҹţд࣬дͷ㡱д飬ʼ䲻±ʡ
òдţˡ
ʱܼŮ죬Ҳڲ˼ݵء
ҡҡλΣ֮չܷ˺ܶӣܷɫƣ룬һԲܶӷŵգܷˡ
֮ܶιˮ֪жãŻɾ
ܷ˲˵֮̾Ϣһתͷȥܷ˵ţɻã
ˡ
ܷ˸ɬڣ֮ɤӸƣˮȥţȵˮɣܵٷڣǱܼɾˡ
ܷ˲˵Ƭ̺Ȱɣþûˡ
֮㶣û뵽ܷ˻ˮϱϵһ᲻ãȻʱ̣ܷȴͷһ⣬ôһЩۿɵЩʪӦһͷȥСһˮ
ܷ˿һۣǲΪҺ㣿
֮⻰ɫЩӲ͵ӦһҲûϡ
ܷתͷҵȷҲġ
ҲϲǶܷƽ׸鲢ãʱǴңһʱ򣬱㼸ɱȴ²֣ȴԼȥˡ
ܷ˴δἰЩ֮ţҲû˵ܷ˽ŵһգ̲סɱˣ˳ĸӣʱҲŵһξãһ˹
ǶúǸˣܷתͷ֮֮⻰̲סˡ
ܷɫ˶٣ӦǣǡСʱ¸ʲϲԲ̫׽ҿܾãңôһβĹȥ˵ҺöΣҶչڳ¸˵ұ㷢֣Ҳȥչʱչ
Сʱۡ
ܷǻʲôС͹ԣʲôؾأ¶Ϊű롣һȹڵϣСܹȹʱ꣬ͬ˵ĸȹˣĸᡣã˵ܸһӵȹӡ
֮ţʱǣЩᣬܷ߳ˣȴְų棬ֻίǳ˿࣬ͻչ˵ĺӣ
ܷû˵Ƭ̺Ӧ˵öԣȷ˿ࡣһʼ뱣øʺһЩǰ£ҹⲻչøȥչˡǸԽԽʱҲƽƽ֮Ӻ˳ǶҲԽԽԶͬ˵ˣÿңǹҲûˡƽһ߳ѪۣϣкõĶƽģʱҷ֣Ƕ̫ˡ̫㣬Ҳƽ̫࣬Һ¡
˶ӵλãպ̳ܼң𣿡
֮⻰ɵЦˣЦ˼ֱû뷨ġ
˭֪أܷɫûЩ뷨ǰЩʲô
Ҳȷóˣ֪ܼһһգȥݡʱҾʹΪʲôȥݵĲƽǶңΪǶʡ
̫ˡܷƣԸӲˣȥһ˵Ķӡڻɼ̳ԼӷڶΪʣ͵ȥ
ܷ˵ţεؽ󰡣
ܷ֮˵Ļɬúͬ˵Щʲôأ
˵װ׷ǻȥ𣿡
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ˣƽˣأ
֮û˵ܷˣܷ˵ͷƽƽ֪ôˣҲھңҲΪңԼվ
ȥ
ܷ˵ૣԼɡ
֮û˵ҡҡλΣӰ쵽ҹڵٷڡ
ٷڳǣ˵Ρ֮һҹû˯Լա
ҹʱͻȻ֮͵վܷ˱ƽЩãȻˣ
֮Ƭ̣󼤶æˣˣ
ܷ⻰Ҳվƽߵηǰ
ԽԽ֣Ƭ̺һ͵سηץסܷ֮ˡƽˣֱ˰Źȥֱõ˲ϣǰһҾͿǵԴ
ǰ⻰¶ס˲ӣԥ
ܷȴͻȻ˺ݣƽ͵سǰ˹ȥҲƬ̣˺ԥ䣬㿳ܷ˵Դ
Ѫɽƽ֮ϣ˾ֿŵǰܷˣƽѪ𾪡ֵ֮˽ָƽȴ̧ۿǰ˵һԣ
ĳ棬˶ˡ
Ҷ֪ܼŮвܸʵģκ˶û뵽˾Ȼǣɱܷˣ
ڶ𾪺󣬽˾˿żʿϽ׷ȥһηֻʣ֮ƽǿɱܷ˵ꡣ
֮ڵϣƺʧȥƽѪþú˹гֽŲãǽǴסԼƴš
ҽһ
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ǡ֮ţҪӦʲô
Ҳ޷Ҳûѡ
һӣ֮ߣ֪ˣҪܼҾԥݶԵСǴ֪»ˣǹ졣
⻰֮͵ۡ
ף֪ٹһǰߵľӣȥУܼұĹˣǿ׳ٴǱ㳹ˡ
ǻỻ𣿡һͷƺЩ棬Ƭ̺һ壬Աһչޣݸ֮ٷˣȵˮɤӣճ¥ϣͬӶ˵仰ɡ
˵꣬Ц˳ȥ
ܷ˵Ѫ˹ܷ֮˵ѪƬ̺ǰȥܷ
һҹֹ󣬹˾˼ҲϢܷѾնϢЩ
Ƭ̺洫Ϣͬ˾˼˴ˣһжѾ׼׵ܴ˽׼ˡ
˾˼ͷֽһʱ֪ϢǸ˵ǲ˵
˳ſڣܸʺǰ˾˼ǰ˸ܸʵͷ߰ɡ
˵գܸΪףǽ󣬶˾˼Ҷں棬ʿһſٷڸȥ
ٷڳ¥£ٷڳϱսģʿܸʳ˾˼°ͣ˾˼̼ǰȥڳ¥ǰų¥ϼҾѾٷڣ֪Ǳˣ㻹ϼҾ죬ҵȱǰӣ޾鰡
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¥һ˾˼ٷԭؽΤ֡
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˵ˣһЦЦף޹֮ˣǣϾףܴҪˣҲ⡣ܴζı֮ˣʵ˵ȥ
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⻰˶ûгǿһ۹˾˼һԹȻ˾˼ϣһȦ˾˼˵ģǰһܸͬʵףӦɡ
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ģһԥȥֻҪǵԥݣ߾ͷˣǽӵϢս١
⻰ҶЦһ
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ܸʲ˵˲Ҫſڣ˵
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˵ţһ⿪ĲǺĵ˵ɣ˵Щ
֮˵ǰһƺҪ˿øЩ
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ץؿڵ½󣬵૳ǣ𹼸ҡ
úáӿѪúûš
ԸĻ
Ǹ緢ͬ˵ԸԴѪƽʢðհѪĻ
ĥǣѪԶͷһƬأãҫķ
ǣɾ
Щ˵ˣʧ۾ûϢ
ִؿڻȥһѽѹԼǰӣѹŵԼĿǲԸݷֱ𣬹ʶԸⱯš
ܱߵıңܱ߳Ŵ󿪣ܱ߼ʸܱ꣬ѣƺû˹ϵ
ܸһȣҶ˳ǰҶָŸĶ飬ܸײײ˳š
ֵܸ֮ʣһУ׷ǰһȳһվס
һȷ·ǾǣŽȩ̈ͷ˳׷һȥܸʣ֮ͬԱʿƵ
˵꣬͵سųڳ˽ȥ
˾˼ϣǷ·һ·ܲǰ񱼣ֺ̧ᵶһʿܣ˶Էļϻһǰ׷һ̧־ټһ
һǵļʸŲǴʱ˾˼Ҳץһ˵ļϻǽϹȥ̧乭һ·׷һ
˾˼ǽߣһȺп񱼣ǽںܸʼ׷ȥɴعͷȥɱ˳ǳء
˾˼վڸߴһһܵķ˲һ
һܽһӣճȥ㿴˾˼վֳֳ
һתͷȥǶڡ
ǱƽһһϢţЦ˺λ𽵹׷ɱôһССµҰ
˵꣬˾˼ֱӳڣһסĺֱӰǽϣɱǵģ
ǡ
һƴţǰνͽͼ͵Ϯһֶֻǽϣ˵ʵ
һϢŲ˵̧ȥϥǣһҽгʱʧȥ˳أ˾˼ʺţɱǣǲܴȥԥݣԲԣ
һ˵ҧֻǵɱҰɡ
̲ܴȥԥݣΪϣܴ˽Ȼͷܾˣԣ̺֪Լõģǲǣ
һһ˿ңȻεü죬ʲôЦ
˵ʵ
˾˼ץһԴǽһײһڵϣָ̧ԣ޻ƺӣʲôͼı
ͼı
һЦҼҴΪΪȴ˵ʲôͼı
˵꣬ǱһƳ˹ȥץͷԻƺӶʲôֽţ
һ˵ǡ
ףԼǲл·ˡǣЦ
ǲ˵һһЦŵΪ¶պڽϣ¡
û˵꣬˾˼һһᴩ˹ȥһŤͷ˾˼Ҫڣ˾˼ֹϸ˵ڶ
̧ۿ˾˼˾˼ƽͣӦǲ֪
˵
Цų˵Ļܲˡ
˾˼ĬԣǾעҲҿ
ܴ硭
ҡ
ǵͷתȥѪˮֱͦǰ˾˼˵ֻܸʲôû˵
ʱܸѾȡٷڣʿֱȥܸʡ
֮˵ˣ˾˼߽ȥߵſڣ涼ǿǲӶ˶٣ǲǰһȻƬ̺ڻǾǰȥ
ÿһߵüΪѣÿһЩ
߽֮󣬾Ϳ˵ʬ壬ܸſܷϣ̬ʹš
Ա˼ǽ׷׶ŽĿһ֮ϡ
֮һ󣬿Աʹŵܸʵףװװɡ
ܸʿŵͷԱȥ˹ײģ˿ܸʺֽװףܸʿ޵òӣȴֳһ֮Žľע֮þúס֣֮ȥ
һΪ㱨𡣡
ɳƳ
һΪ
˵ֹ֮˹ľľһ˲䣬̧ۣܸʣܸʿ޹ˣһ²Ϲȥ֣߹ȥסܸʣܸʵƵװãȥϢɡ˼һ˾˼ҶӦܸʵһ˲ãһȥһƽ
ӦǣܸʺǱԶˡ
ʧȥҶŵҲãȥӰɡ
˾˼ӦһɫЩأҶһۣˣܴ˵ˡ
Ҫأ
˾˼üͷҶӭĿ⣬ƽԲ
˾˼򴽣û˵ͬҶתͷȥƽ䡣
ƽӳ¥ϵʱ֮ţС󣬾ֻЩˡ˾˼ʱƽڴϣ˾꣬ȴһһ㣬Ŵ
˾˼ߵº͵ӣоˣ
ƽû˵ŴһԲ˾˼˾ţҲû˵ǰȥ˱ӣҴ˱ǡƽĿϣþúŵǶˡ
˾˼˶٣ƽ˵ǳ䣬ȻСȴʲô׵ġ˾˼룬Ӳصģպ㸸ֻᱣġ
ǻ𣿡
ƽЩ˾˼̧ۿƽġ
ǻĸסɩɩ𣿡
⻰ù˾˼üͷƬ̺ӣ㻹С
ȥ𣬡ƽʣս𣿡
Ҫȥʲô
˾˼ƽΪ⣬ƽץŹ˾˼ӣ濪ڵ𡣡
˾˼ˣƽһ˲䣬ͻȻס
һӶ֣Ѫϴ


167 
ܼҾͣٷڣܷ˺֮á
¾, Ǳ㿪ʼ֮ҹ, ǵ, ˵յ߸оĵƻߵĻȪ·;, ܹǰ·뿪
һֱ˯߲ţյˡ
˾˼ûȰ裬ٷﰧ֯ǹǰһյ, һԲ
˾˼ͷֽǮ, þú, ʵ㶼֪ġ
˾˼ֽǮĶ΢΢һ, ͷ, Ļ, ð, Ӧһš
Ϊʲô
ǴǲѾӦȥԥ𣿡
Ϊ, ϣȥԥݡ
˾˼ֻһ壬ԥǰߵʿߣ֪ԥ, ܷ˺ɩӵŭǣǹ򶫶֮ڶ뱾ǰߵľܾ, ٳ֡¡
ԣǽë˲ʲôأ
˾˼еĲʣ򴽣ڵžȹɩӡ
ûоȳ
̧ۿܹ𣿡
˾˼˵ˣƵ磬Ҫʲôס
ʵȥݵġ紵תͷȥֻ̧סһյڷҡŵǵƣͷǲţ֮ˣ븸ױ㲻ȥԥݣһṥ򶫶ǰȥǰߣס֪
˾˼ͷһ硭
Ϊʲô޶ԣ
ǿΪʲô֪֮Ҫˣ֪ҽͶ·ȴ侲ţεбס֣
Ϊ֪˾˼ɬڣɩΪ˺úûģҲװˡ
⻰ǲʹ»ŵġԾŵĵƻ𣬺ð죬ڿڵȥɡ
һˣ֮һ
 
֮գӣϵݱ߾ϡ·Ͼ͸Ϣݱ߾ҲѾ׼áҵ˼˼ϵݹӵܣѰӽ˼ˣҲѾ̵̵ͬġ顱ƽҲǮĴ㣬ͨһˡ
ӵϢ㽫ƽºͳѰ˹ͬ˵Ϣٺվͻᵽݣһ綯̵֣ӡ£øǿ·ݱӭƽҡ
򣿡
ƽΪ𾪣Ϊˣ
ֻ·̽͵ҪҪȥݡ
⻰ƽ侲࣬ͷˡ
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ƽȰ֮·ͷǰĻαһСȣһ塣֮ȼ󣬱ڵڶձźӣǰ帮
帮ſڣ̹̹ſһվȥͨһ˵㣬ǰ
ҲзҪ˶̵֪Ͷ˲Ǯ˲ҵϽȥͨˣƬ̣æ롣
λݺ۶¶¡οϵУǲҵ
ʦܣ˸ϼ̷֣ܼ鷿һɡǰɡֻͷһɡȴ֮š֪ɡͬһ㣬ȥ֪ġ
ϵ֪Լʦֶλзͬһĸ飬ææ˴ã㿴Ѿڴ֮ˡ
һӣͷŪźӣɫºͣȫȻ̸ġڶݳ󣬹ˡ
ǰˣĻЦ̧ͷ·һº͵ĳһ㣬ɷһ˵
ӣЩһϵж̫ڷӦȫȥ˶ߺԱϣС˽ǰҪ£
⾭̶꣬˶ΪơִˣȻ˽ġ
ʼջϣһҡ
̻ܹøҸЩҲΪʦܣʦֵףԸ
ȻǼ˹˾˼У˾˼ȻǵĵˣҪģһҪ˵ӣȻûɷǴһʼѾ㵱Ѹˡ
㲢˼Ź˽̾˿ȷ£¶Ҳ֪ô˵ʦڶ¶Ҳ˵˰ɣ
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˵ţϴ˼ߺ죬ãȻ
һ֮͵طӦ󲻿˼㡭ʦ֡
ӱġͷСԭ˵ҷֳӣܵиټ¶ҲҷˣˣҲزȥֻݡ
˵ţ˼ְУͬ˵պƽȢңҲ֪⵱档ѾͶ·㲻ȢңҲøһ·
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˽˾˼˾˼뽭ӳƣȻطò񽭺ӣ۾ȴһģӡġ
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̾˿ͷҶҶ˵ţ˽ǰ˴գЩ˵ܱǸŮ
ͷ˵ֶŮҲӦġ
Ͻȥ˹˽
ÿʣģ˽ϲÿˣѽѽȥЦüۼ䶼Ц⡣
㿴ˣһʱЩ̣һвúãϣҲݲ룬ദƣո·ܷȰŸ䣬ҺͽЪϢһ£
⻰æҵĲǣ͸ɩӰš
˵ţк˹Ѹ˴ɨ̵ԺӣȻɩӸɣʦѾûˣȴɨԺĿͷһ˵һ濴㣬۲飬ѵȰúұ㽫ݵϢ͸ʦ֡
⻰е̽
̲Щ飬һͨţ¶ס㱾Ҳŵʱ䣬Цŵͬ˵Щ
ɫ̹̹޾⣬д˼˼ɵᣬӣ˲١Ź˽һ涺ŪŹ˽һͬ˵
һշ⼫ãůе԰ֳ֮У˼ֻϲԡ⣬һʱ˼ֻ㱡ЩĻϲɵõƺϲ
ѽͷЦŵʦֵĺѽ
ʦ֣Щɻ󣬡Ϊά
Ϊҵʦ־ȵġ
ЩԶʲôͷͬŶɩӣʦƽ̫̫Լ˶ܺõġʦ˰Цʵرᡣ
Щ㱣̲סΪ
˵ţͣס򴽣û˵ȥȴѾ˽ˣº͵ΪݶʵǵģЦݣҲΪݰˡǿԣ㵽ԺЩε˭ɸɾĻأ
û˵ſڣ˽Щˣ˽㣬ʦһӹòף㲻һӵģˣһңҺܸˡ
⻰Щˣ죬ºϲԺõġ
ллл
ͷЩӲ»ˡ
ΪˣȰȥϢȥ
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𾪳ô帮
⡭
ѰӲͷƤڣţӣǡ
⻰ɫʱΪѿ
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Ҫô
̻ͷŭѵɱɣ
кβأѰ̧ۿżˣ⻰ųѰѰ˵֮ǲҪס帮¹ȥ帮ס֮ɱ֡
Ѱ̧֣ڲһƣɱ١
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ܣ
˹Ͽڣ֮ǰӣҧҧ̵˵İ죬͹ȥ»ǹ˷ˣ帮סô£
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ѰԱߣһץһѾߣʵס
ˡԺС
Ѿ߲ΡΡѰͷͬ˵С
ˣ⻰üŭֶֻʣ˳嵽ԺУŭ㣬ҳ
Ź˽˯УҲ˵֪¡
˼㲻һҡ
˵ţ˵ȥʱԺȵˣ
˽˽Щģֻʮ꣬ȴǺһഫϺ
תͷȥ۽ڣ˫֮䣬俴ż˵ô˴帮кιɰ
˲˵ѰǰһŹٷ˽ͣ帮ûʺŮϢĵطӭٷȥд

дųѰһ˵ӡЦŮ˷ͷ죡
˵꣬ԱߵһƳ˳Ѱϡ
Ѱڵأ˾һŭʲô˼
ʲô˼
ǰһ˻Լݣ帮Ŀ˱帮Ŀˣֲܡ
˱׼ŭˣҧʲôҪΪԣˣСҪҪ
вЦˣСӹȻҪɷδĴˣ˻һ㣬Ҫ鷳²źá
⻰Ѽ˵ˣ㶿Ƭ̺г̷ˣǹ˾˼ķˣ
ݣŵ㲻ǹ˾˼ķˣԡ
ƭ˭㣿˴ŴָԺ˭֪»ǹ˾˼ķˣԼ˻С
ˣ
˼˵Ļ˳Цôó˵ˣƫҪ˵з
û˵꣬һƾͳ˹ȥ˱һģԱŮǰסˣæˣ
һ˦˦֣ż˵˾ԸݣҪûСӣΪʲô輧ıӣФʦ֣ҲտԸӣʦֵҲ˵õģ
˱״ˣתͷһԱߵĳѰôѷ˷ȥҪֵøѿǣ
⻰Ѱæǰˣ߰ɡ
ᣬѰ¶̬Сˣ˼һĻţ߰ɡ
˲˵һƿܱߵŮͷ˳ȥ
Ѱæţ󣬳Ѱ˱һƳ˹ȥֵֿ㣡˶ƼңպôȥôҴңôܴңңǴСӵǾͲСպ󱨸𣿡
Ѱһƣͷ𣬵ǵԼĿģֻ̾˿Щε˾ãǴСպ𣿡
˽ס˶̧ͷųѰ㡭ʲô˼
һ룬ѰҪСӣΪһʱ޷ȫѿݣ˻˵ľɲҪСӰЩˡڶվȽŸʱȨƴΪҪС𣿡
˻룬̶м֮꣬ϣˣ̬Ҳף˭ѾиŮڹ˾˼ڵ£պǵףһӣǳ𣿵ãΪĵСӵĻţ
˱ѰԽ˵ԽţһץסѰô죿
˿ųѰŮˣõûа취ҡҡ
ˣѰ̧֣ڼ˵ϣһҪ̵ġ
·ˣųѰѰÿ㣬һ˫忡ۿżˣԸ⣬ѰԸΪЧȮ֮͡
˼ǡ
ЩҳѰᶨ㵽ݵϢӦѾ̣̻֮ǰӹݡ
С˺µбȨҶġ
˭˵ҶģѰЦ֮ǰ̸ֻ˵ϵҪ֪ˣҾɲЧֻ̡Ҫһ£Щ˱̻ᵹˣ˿֪ƽ£
Ȼ֪ġ
ƽµˣ˾ٲ£Ҳ֪ƽ˭Ѱѹƽ£ҵľɲ
ۣƬ̺ƽ¶ҵľɲ֤ݣ̵ģ
ʶһ㣬˼ԥƬ̣תͷѰ㡭Ϊζã
⻰Ѱ֮⣬ܿ״̬ʼǷ˵ˡ
ѰڱңȻȴ⻰¶˲ɫúЩεҳٶˣûϧǰˡ
Ϊǵ⣬ѰͷûʱѼˣ˳ˮ۵ҪֵĻÿЩˡ̽ӵţѱʱٶɪˡȶɪȻ޵ֻҪһ̽סʱͬһ𣬺úýСӸ󣬵δִݣҲΪӸ𣬰﹫һͳ£
Ѱ˿ųѰŵסѰ֣еģҲṼġ
Ϊ£Ѱסѵĳ嶯ǿаһ˵Ѱ˼ڣ
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æʱոдţȻȥԺﶺ˽
ʲô
ҡŲ˹ģڵϵĹ˽ѯ㡣

עϦµ꣬Щ޷⡣
˺һ˵ĺݾƺһĲֵΪ˽ֶϡȻԶЩȨƵսһͨˡЦ֣ҪһңƴԼ뱣ˣҡŲ˹ʱôɰ
㲻ΪʲôôìܵἯһϣעڿתͷЩɻɩڿʲô
㡭򴽣ЩСĵģƺôЩһ
ţŹ˽ĵʲôһأ
һʱ֪룬ڵ̺񡣡
⻰Щˣ̧ͷЩ죬ͬ˵˵
洫ţҲˡͷȥ˽תС糵ҳ̵ʱԭΪǸʲôûУݶ̵ֲˡҷ֣ʵҲǡ
ʮǰһ㣬ΪΣ֮ʱҲŬݶ顣
ΪСĵЩӸλܺݵ¶ˣӦǡ
壬֪˼飿Цûаֲãϣ˸˹ģԶϣº͵㲻ǵһ˵ˡ
û˵šΪ٣ֻ̻̫ãûа˲õĺа֮ʣԲСв˹ڷĴ·һн죬գɩӣʵֻҪˣϣĸ顣ģаģк޵ġֻδһݸ飬𡣿ΪʲôأΪǴӵһۿ磬ǵľͲͬ
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ɩУתͷ㣬ʱŵģʳȡ֮ڸݹٸܷΧ֮ڡĶҲơΪԼϧֶξŰգʼոһ·˱Ƶƶ񣬿ƶôأ޷Ǿһʼʶʱ˶ã˶㲻ã벻֮䣬һ·侲ԼĵߣȴҲȫȻɸɾԼΣ಻ɱ
˾˼ˣΪʲôһ·˸ɾ˳㿴ʱĸ˾Ӹλ֪㼲ࡣȻѣ棬ϰ㰹ҵ䣬ġԶƳҫķΪ֮ԶҿʦֲһǴӳʼĿ֮ΪǺٽӴ⣬ô˾˼һ
㿴һʱ޷һɬӣôõ̲꣬סСһʱ˶Ǻܺã̻ǺദǲǾͲᡭ
ɽӡ
ӹʵ̫ϻۡ˵꣬ЩźǣҲûҺʦֶѾˣǺٸıĿҲϰ˲¼ɺĮĲˡɩ£ЦЦǶԼ˺ܺõġ
Ϊʲô¼أɻ󿪿ڣƬ̣Цʦϲ㣬ôõˣô᲻ϲأ
˵ţ°ͣ㲻֪ɣʦǰɡһֱдţҲֺüΡϣĶ˵ôࣿȻû˵ͬ¶֪˰ɣƵúܡɩӣЦеͬ˵˵¶ɡ
⻰ͷȥЩ˼ҲҲûʲô˵ġ
ǿˣ
˵ɩʼǲǲԸ⣿
ҲûС
Ͱͣ·Ƕ⾽ȼˣΪߣ˰ֵ˰ˣҲˣȥʦȥңҶ˵ˡ
˵ţһ̴ӴҴ˽̴Ӹߣ˵˼ʲôЦΪмЩˡ
ɩӣתͷһЩ¶ȳԣԷ
˵ͷ˱˽˵С常ȥ¶棬Ҫ常֪֪
˽ץ׹˽Ÿ뿪
˽Ĳ˹ķһԣ㿴Ź˽ڵȥץ˹ģͷþúͷȥϵıӣһ衣
ߺûãһ˱һݸ㣬·ѹŵֽǳѰּ֡
Ÿ΢΢һ֮һԲֱ˽ԵĲ˹ģվԺ˳ȥ
ѰѾź˽ӦҲˡ
С֮Լ磬˵ҪԽ֮±Ǹ⡣ڿ֮ǰ˱ڳѰƽµЭ£һһӼҵľˣȥݹӵܣҲҾɲͷ˼ˡ
ǾͲȥ׼˰ɱļƻ
̫𼧷ˣ磬ΪǼѹ֪Ҫ͹ϵСӵϣҪˣȥ
̤ղԣ갵ɱȣ̼֪ʲôһˣ
ȻҲƬһץǰ˵ס̷ԸȥӪǧ帮
˵֮սˣѾűߣһҲʶĲԾϼ˾ͳֻУҲ̫ˡ
Ź˽Ƶ۾̶꣬Լ̽˵Ҫʱη̬ȥõдڵĿأһʱ޷ȷֻҧҧ侲ȥ帮ܺˣ
Ȼ˿ʵϾ˼ô࣬һ׼̫ڳĴɱе˳·߶ɱ齫ΧסŹźŵԮҲþò
֪ݳгڹһһ㵽˭ԽԽ٣ʶһҪˡ
һ·ȥʱ׾Ӫ֮Уʿѵڵϣ˯ȥ
ƽͨĽȥӪ˶һ·ɱȥû룬֪Լǳȥˣø̱š
Σø̣ݲˣ̲Ҫ
ͷһ·ɱҪӣлǵİ׮ܰϢȥ
Ȼɱ̫̫ܣߵûˣҲ˵һһѵߣʱɱƺɢȫվߣ
ýԼǰԺֻһͷ߼ð׮ð׮̣Ҫˡ
һ
Ȼһ󺰣
һתͷ㿴Ѱڳﾡͷɫƽɱʱнգ
գ⻰ѹһǰ·ҲʶԼ߲ȥˣһֱЦġ
ڣ
Ѱ˽ʮ꣬һ˲䣬ԺĲѡʢƵݡ
￴һ˿Ǹ⣬ȻȴǴЦڣ
ЦŵͷⲻĹĪǻΪһţһܰȵϣ
˵ţ̧ͷѰҲһ˲䣬뷢ᴩȾѪϴЦҴҲûô
Ƭ̣ȥ
ȥʱͷ죬ֱϦ£ʱ̣߲Ѫϼƶţһδ˰
δ
׵ºվȺУãǱת뿪
Ժɱ㿴һѰʹ˸ɫѰ˵ͷҴȥ
һȥ㿴ԺĴʿȳѰԺ̧֮նɱ˼˺̤ҡ
֮Ѫ߰ߣ˵ڵϣСӣѰæˡ
֪ˡѰֹ̧סԷĻص˷ɱԺ˲ҵиλסСӡȻȥˣСӻڣ˵ţѰǰȥС֣ʹСӣ
ǰһУӣʱľľģѰҲֻ˵ˣɵЩ֡ǰ˼סɻСӣ
δѰЩ룬סСӵͬ˳ʹɱˣң޿⡣˹ȥݣˣУգҵȾ͵ؼգһƬ죡
˵֮󣬳Ѱȥҵƽ£һϳ¥ȥͬʱ˽ݵگ䲼ȥ
ǽʬڳ¥Ҳʶʲôߣеֿߣһҹɱδߡ
һҹݳͨһգһֱУŹ˽˽͵ͳӡ
ȼʱ֮󣬳ѰƽʱݵĶңѰƽŴѪĽУѰˣôӪЩˣ
Ӫǧˣ񶼱ѺǧǷˣǳѰƽûм֮ɱˡ
ĬƬ̺ڵգݾǣ
ƽºͳѰԿһۣƽڵôˣҹǷˡ
Ҫɱ̧ͷƽ£ھҪ
ƽºӣɫ䲻ɣƽ˼Ƭ̣ǮóģδҲȥ㲻һֱݣպݾͳѰ¡ѰСˣеǰ취ʰ
ƽ󣬱ЦӦǡ
մɨ˳֮󣬿ã¹ԩģߡ
㱧Ź˽ӴԺݲ޷ˡ
⻰Ѱۿһȣֵǡ
ƽΪпȴҲǡ
ȥ룬Ź˽һȥ˳š
ڳϣ㾲꣬һ˲䣬Щ㱣ͻȻ¶̫ӣÿһͬԴ˲һ
ֻǱŹ˽ʱ֪ٲͬȴҲ֪һ¡
ϣ˽ŵ䣬ҪҲҪˡ
ڳ¥¿һ
ʬ壬Ҫͬݵ˵ٲˣ㲻ʱͰʬȡֻܷԸͬѰ˵һɣպ󣬸úᡣ

ЩɻԥƬ̺һأҲãҲãպ󣬶ɡ
ĬƬ̣ڵʵһأԼãˣҲ޷
⻰ͷעúڵǾ˾˵Ķӡ
򴽣ҲûڣӦǡ
ɬЦЦŹ˽̾Ϣ˾˰
˵꣬ҡҡͷת뿪
ȵڶգݡϺƽºͳѰ
˵ͷݵҪЩһҪȥԥݡ
ԥݣ
Ϊ𾪡
֪ˡ
⻰˶һۣҪݴ̳ռ̳
ȵȣ
ƽЩͲסˣ㼱еˣĲ޴
˵ͷȷ
ƽ¼㲢վߣ˿򽫾ǹЭƽҵģ򽫾μԼݡ
ǡ
ż˵е
ƽЦ
ͷҲˣ򽫾Լ¾С˴˷ԸʲôʲôҪν
Щ˵Щ£ҲǰëͷСӣóóȻʳ˿˵̧ͷƽµȥæռɣҿ򽫾
ͷˡ
ƽЦŹת뿪תһ˲䣬˳Ѱһ񣬻û׹ͿѰ͵ذνһնƽµԴ
ƽµͬʱ֣ȻӦ죬̧־ŤĲӡ
ƽ¾ѪŵأѰֻЩƽµԴϢת㣬ݴŲô죿
˵˳ûд̱£տ̳
̧ۿѰ̴Ӹǳ֮ƽµĵԼӪˣȫʱȫΪӣǰȥ
Ķ飬һ㶼ŵɣ
Ǵ⻰ɵòĿһ䣺һʼ˵ԥ˵
Ӧһ㳯Ѱ˻֣ȥ׼ɣͬһġ
Ѱ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôݵȷкܶҪ˵ͷץ˵˳ȥ򣡽д
վ⣬һӣͬԱȥʮ˴
ˣЩ죬ôˣ
ˡѰ¶еɫˣ
ֺ㿴˵һۣͬǻطġ
Ӧһһⷿİ֮С
Һ󣬶ʱ˵ƣ˲裬ԥúŵ˼ôˣ


168 
ܷ֮˵գһ仰û˵, ͹ǰ, ĬĬյǵơ
һֱ˯, ߲, յˡ
˾˼Ȱֻÿճȥˡ
ܸһҪˣôҪܸһõ췴ɡ
ǼգٷڸأʼһЩ࣬ɽ˿ķ, ˵޵, ׻֮
ܸʳ, ־ǰ׻, ˺ܿ, Ҫܸӡ
п̫, ˿дˡϷʯ
ഫ˵, ǼĴ, ɿ쳯Ÿرȥ
һжҶ͹˾˼ֱʣҶ׼˻ۣзԼ֮СܸʺǶԴƺһ֪, ǳԼȥıʹ֮У粻ܲʡֻÿ峿Ҷᵽܸ, ̶㱨һÿһշ顣
ʱ˾˼ڣΪÿҪһƽҪ£ֻѡʱƽ
죬Ϊоֻܷ֮ʱٷɽϡ
ɽ죬ܸʺǶȥ̧ף˾˼ҶһԣҶܸߣ˾˼ߡûޣǿųŹײĵľ׮һһɽȥ
⼸Եò࣬Ҳû˯ߵ·ʱǰһΣֱֱȥ
üͷԼǧأںڰͻ֮Уо˰̧ľ׮عͷ˾˼վϥţʲôû˵ֻǿԭϵľ׮֧
ǻƬ̣ҡҡͷԼҵһ̡
㡣
˾˼û˿ҲȷûҶǣ˾˼ϥţһ𣡡
ٴνļ̌ҶǸߣһɽȵʱ򣬱˲֮ȴþò
ŹľŴŲӵ֣ȴǰûС
˾˼ˣȥùֱߵĲӣûɡ
˵ţ˵һ㵹ȥڹľʱǿŹľ
ύ䣬ֱһȻڸ˹ľ͵ع˵ϣʹ޳
һ޷·ǵȼ˻͵ӣ˶͵̴ܼһһһƬֱֻй˾˼һվš
ŹһƬˣ·ǰ룬þúȥܷ֮ߵסվֵ磬ɡ
£Ҫȥ
ҶҲǰͬ˾˼һǣƽӣٷѪδ
⻰̧ͷҶҶųɷͷϴТǾþúȴ˾䣺Ϊʲôأ
Ҷ⻰ǵ˼ǵֳȣһεʱ򣬿޹ˡ
Ǻ͹˾˼ҶҶͷƽ߰ɡ
⻰˼һɽܸ֮ʺǱȥϤ˾˼Ҷн죬Ⱥڴá
ѾɽˣŵȴҪǰߡ
ڴõһǺܸҲˣǻһ£ɫȥ㲻úãܸЩƣλʣʲôİɣ
˶һۣ㲻Ҵ𻰣Ҷǰˣˣ޵»ӹܼ鳼ɱΣҵȶԴˡ
ãҪأ
̧ܸۿҶҶְΪ͵ӣֱȡԷ
ˣ
⻰ܸʾٱҶŭ𣿣ȵжΨһѪ飬ҪӣǾı淸ϣ
ȵҲگҶҵͷѪȴɫάƵ·ڸ󣬿ɷ϶ң˴ӽϴն鳼֮ɥ·ڸѵ÷𣿡
ȵܸۡΪп̾ϢһλΪ˭أ

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ܸʺˣЩˣðıܸʾ£ܸȴϳƵۣô죿
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ܴ˵Ҫ·˾˼Ƶ˵ԼҪʵ𣿡
⻰һʣסˣ˾˼ͷʵһܴԭֻ뱣סˣ˱סȥλʲôͶϣúûضȥЩɱĴ󳼶̫ԱºֶܴĹϵֻܸҪϴú·ԸӦҲô
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˾˼ƺڵһ䣬һЩ˼˵Цˣλģĳסʵ¶ð죬ܴͱºͺãͱûͺã𣿡
˵ţ˾˼תͷȥҶҼǵǰЩʱ˼Ϸ
ҶЦЦˣЩϷΪųϷҲαۣұ㽫ˣҪǰЩʱ̫æ
Ҷˣ
⻰нʿˣǰһۣɷҵһã
Ҷ⻰Цŵǿԡ
ʵҶˣվλߡ˾˼ⲽͣҶԱߣЦͬ˵λΪͳŽҹܴ˯£ӵ¾Σ
͵ˣ
ͬ˾˼ǰԻŵ˵ͳýҹ
ҹܸ˯£ڷУһǰ֮ȵҹʱ֣ææǵķУӣ˾˼Ҷ˳˷ȥˣǡ
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ܸʽЩƣ˯ģģʱһ߿˷ţӭͷһɫ·˹Ӧ˾˼ˣˡ
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ܸʻæʲôʲô
û˻ػ˾˼Ҷһ˵ȣ·һܸ߳˷ţ߳Ժ֮󣬹˾˼̷ſܸʣڵϣ꣡
һͷԺ̷±ȥ󺰳ꡣ
ܸ㶿ˣǡǡ
ʵ¶غǰЩʱգ˫ڰգʯпдϷз׻ӣЩԤʾȲˮ𰡣
˾˼ܸ˵꣬㿶һܸʳĬԣú̾ϢҪذ
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ܸظһ飬ζ˾˼ͷһݡ
ʮףܸʲǲ뵱ʵֻۣµҪԼĻλȣҳӵͷ㲻˵ԼҪʵۣѱЩµĽպ󲻻Ŵ֮Щֵ̫ҪԽʵۣǱ
ܸʼȻҪʵۣȻԼһı㣬˾˼˶֪࣬һ˵ùûЩܸ̽ʿڷ硣һԣ˾˼֪ܸѾԥݡ
˾˼˳һлԤ֮ڣѾԥݣܸʲļƻȥԥݽֻ֪ͬͷʰ̣ܸʴֱȡֻҪһ֮¶Ҳ޴󰭡
˿ҪڣԱҶ֪δ֮¶νʤҵһΪ˱𣬴ֻҪضս޲ʤ޲ˡ
ܸʻǲ˵ƺá˾˼üͷЩ׽͸
Ѿһܸʻʲô
˾˼ϸϸĦţȻҲһ̣ҶݲãΪƽսңոҽ£Ҷ̧ͷɫ򶨣ŵ֮󣬿ɽգν
⻰˾˼͵̵ۣݡ
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侲ļˣܸվڸߴɫƽҶڵϣҲ⣬˾˼㶿һУþúŽĿҶϡ
Ҷ֪ڿֱͦɫ侲·ѾһУ˾
˾˼Ȼ
һУܸõġ
ҶҲܸʺıܸʵۼҲҶʱ˵һ仰
գ
˾˼ڲȭͷ̲סЦ
ܸʵ˴˲˴ȥ
Ҷ侲Ӧվס˾˼ֱۣ˶ڼ˵Ž붫֮£ûжע⵽ߣҶ˺ܴŹ˾˼֣ƽ߰ɡ
˾˼˼סԼҶŴȺ߳ȥߵȣ˾˼͵һƿŭˣ
ҶײϣͷһԲ˾˼ٵǲʲô壿ýӶΪô죿պʷʲô𣿣㻹кܳ·Ҫߣ˾˼ǰһץסļ磬㲻ǰ֪֪
ҲҪǰ̡
Ҷ̧ۿ˾˼ɫᶨ侲ֻҪһ£Ҫȥۿ̺ͷ
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Ƕһıˡ
ܴƭı
ҶŹ˾˼þúЦ֪Ϊʲôǻߵһ𣿡
˾˼ҶҶǰΪʲôҼǺܴɢԭû飬Ҳɥ֮ȮǱӴܣǶΪҶָ̧֣ڹ˾˼Ŀڣȵۣ̫ã̫ơ²¶һءҪǵȵ۹ݣƺӲƺӣҲңְɱˣգǻ䣬ֱӰܴ˰ѷɱˣҾң˻úûţ𣿡
ܱˣǵʴȺġ
ҶŹ˾˼סǺġ
˾˼Ҷջ֣ĮԣǵĴȱչʲô£ԥݶʲô£ֻҪ֪㰲ܴ˵ǻǻ󣬽붫ɱ̺ͷд֮Ӵ˱һ֮֮£ʱʲôʵ߲֡Сڣ˼ס
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Щ˵Ҷɫף˾˼Ż⳯ϵ£벻ף֪һ£ߵӲΪʴȣܡ
ܾΪʴȣ
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ߵ񣬺ķ˶Ѫݳá񡢿ѻУһһһƶΣ㲻ɣ޹⡢޻ƺӡݰƾķǧΪ·Ҳֻǵһ顣أһݣ۰׹ǲȥ׾ٳΪ֮ȵҲá֪ҲáҲãκá죬֮պʶ£·һߣ
ֺݶҶۣҲߵգ
ֺݶ˾˼Щ˼飬ЦЦַֿ̣ҶǲʴȣֱǶ񶾣
͵Ҷ񶾡ҶŹ˾˼ɷ򵱶ϡµǻ֮󣬻Ȱ¼˰ֻǷǳʱзǳ֮£֪Դ
һȹ͵ûˣ˾˼ΪΪȨơΪλԶʮ·ְ˵Լҡһ䣬úˣú٣
Ҷë΢΢һͷûг
˾˼ȭͷҶҿ˫ָ󣬹򶨣תڣһҪ·Ҳǿֻҵ·Ҳ
˾˼ͻȻЩƣִҶ紵˾˼̧ͷҶڣͷϴТڷ緭ɡ˾˼ƽҹѧã̹һ仰
˵˾˼ɳƣӿ֮ԷԷٲϲعŰ壬仰һֱš˵еĵأ
Ҷû˵ųȾͷ
ԺϡǺܶǰˡ
ʱ͹˾˼ѧã˾˼ϲ֣һչ˾˼ѧһѧ˳ͻѧнһλĸףƵ˾˼ȴųѰĲ˾˼ŻҪѧŵ÷ȴԾɲãҶվŹ˾˼˵һ䣺˴ӣӿ֮ԷȴԷŴӣе
ʱٵĹ˾˼ҶþúһˣЩСӼƽʲô
ȥҶΪȴ룬仰˾˼һǣҲôꡣ
Ҷ˵ú۵Գ
٣Ҳɾꡣ
ҲΪԼһȴվ´ĥУߵ
һ۾ˣʧȥ𣿡
˾˼û˵Ҷˣ㸸ĸˣ˽ˣ㻹վͬ˵Щ𣿡
˼ҲΪһӣܼԼĵ塣Ҷ⣬ҲΪһӣرġ
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ûôΰվҲֻǸͨ˶ѡͬ˵ǰ̣˵δ˵ʷ˵Ҷ˲ˣֻ֪һ¡
Ҷ۾侲ٲҵļľ棬ǷҶҵģҲҪһһֻ
֪Ĵ㣬ϣоֵֿֿ֪һԥʱ±ܵУӣκβأʤ㲻忪ʵһõ·ߵġ
ȡһݣ֪ͣһǸף
պأ
˾˼俴ǰѾȫȻİ꣬Ҷ⻰Цպ󣬾ͿôˡĹ˵պ󣿡
Ǽֱǻơ
˾˼֪ȵ۸棬˶Ǹԥݣպԥգٴ֪ΪôףƺͨԣػָԱϷֻ꣬ɹɡԥø֪Ǿǰ֮ǵ𣿡
ʲô𣿡ҶƽܵҶ𡣡
һ𣿡
⻰ʳ˶ˡ
Ҿ˾ˣ骣Ԫȵۡ˾˼һһţ˴ġϣģһûŪȨ˰յ͵ʱҶҪ̣˾˼γָҶҶƽĽ⣬ұݲ㡣
ҶЦˡ
ݡ̧ۿ˾˼˾˼΢΢Ҷתȥƽҵȡ
˵գתӳԶȥ
˾˼һ뽣ʣתǵȥȻߵȣ㿴ʿͥԺһʿǰ˴ˣҹ¶¹˴ҹа壬ɱְǰ˴˻ݡ
⻰˾˼ʱ׹Ϊ𾪵ܴң
˴ˡ
ԷȲϣҲϡ˾˼˽˿ƽͨ£ĳҹҪ
˵ˣҪ˵ģףѾˣ˴ˣʶʱ񡣡
ǹĳӡ
˾˼ܸ̻һҪ̵˵ˣ˭ܼ
㡭
˾˼ǰһȻҲƬ̣Ժ̰˽
˾˼ԹλεıУ±׹
ܸѾ˾κҹЩǱǰΥܸʵ˼ᱻ͵ظɱ
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˾˼ҧҧг
Ҳһ̣һӵϣӰסѺԼķ䣬˷֮С˾˼ؽ֮˾˼ĵʲô˼ǽҵ𣿡
˴˲ŭ˵Ϊá
ĹƨΪҺã˾˼ɤҪΪҺãȥȰɴ¶
ʿ˵ˣ˾˼ţQ´ȥܵűϣһĽǣ㷴ʼĥһĥһ濪ʼǣҶһЩˣĥһ룬ϢڴϣЩƣ
֪ô졣
֪ܸʳƵۣܼҪ򶫶
û㵽ȴǣܸΪƽƵ֮·ȻҪҶԣӶ
оԼһ·ϣÿ˶ۣͻȻһߣ·ǶԵġ
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ôһʣ˽ŷ֣ԼȻʶ;ãҶϻȥǰߡüʱ뷨׵һͷȷҺ˵ˡ
˵ҲȷҶֱ࣬ͦ˼ɢһȥǰߣ֮û˲ٳ֣һͬȥʱСˡ
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ˡЦҲǡ
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˵ţ֣Ჽ߰ɣҲͬЦ¶Ķࡣ
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Եȡ
⻰̬ȾͲһˣæչ㣬˸ȥ
ûһ˱˻ͬ룬е
¡ƺмãȻȻܿ췴ӦܸʱضǳƵˣǲŽС¡
һ룬б֪ܷ֮Ѿˡ
˵ͷ˸̴߸С˸̤֮ۡ鷿ǺҶ鷿ƺʲôȥǱ㲻˸ܴ硣
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㲻˵ŷ֣Լ
ö˵Ѿ֪˾˼صԭɣһڵ˼ͬġ
ͬͬⲻҪҶƽѾ¾罫Ϊá˿ȥԣΪɡ
û˵ͷҶ룬Ż㣬֪ǸȨ׵ˣȥȰȰԸ⣬Բ룬д֮պҺܴ磬ڳ֮ɻƽơȥ붫Զ㣬ҶԥƬ̣ڵܶˡ
Ĭԣͷ΢΢Ҷģ֪ӦǶʧˡҶôִҿȺĴ𰸡
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֪Ƕа˼ɣֻΪδʹԲǵľ񡣿Ҹǣǵ˼ΪڲݱΧڰʹʱδƵߣΪԼĺޡԼȨƣκһúˡ
ǵףһϴӲʲôˣҲδԼڴأ
꽭ӺȵһʢһӡݰԪ骣Ҳ˶ʮꡣһһˣþһʱ⣬Ŵ˴ġȻߵ˸λȨõ˱ǮΪΪʲô
Ϊ罭ӡˣΪסԼһݵߣһݷǣһģ
ȳǣŭΪ֮㰮ʲô㰮ԸΪǧҸ㣬֮㰮ģǣǸ˵Ҫ˺úûϵĻǣ
㣬ҶָҶҧҶԾҶҶΪΪΪʲôǽֶ˵ãǽΪҶұվΪҶұ˳𣬾Ȫ֮£㶢ȥҶ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һ̧ۿ㣬ſڣȴһ仰˵
۾һƽľ侲ΪǲͬɽտʵҲûʲôһ¸񡢸֪ǣʲô𣿡
Ψһң۾ǣϣй˾˼
ȻҲΨй˾˼
߹·Ψһ䣬糯յģҲֻʣôһ˳Ц竡
㹪侲ȥȰȻһߣǷİɡ
˵ţתȥ߳š
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Ҫƾ֣͵ýܸʵĹ˼ɡν
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㲻ǵȥƺӵ𣿡˾˼˵Ǿϲǵǣӵ¹
Ұȹȥ̶ԻƺӶֽţĵطһϹص, ڶ㲻ڵʱ๤ĵطŹ˾˼, ٵ, Ѿȥ, ҵԪ, ͬԪȷ㲻ڵʱ̼๤λ, ȷϹ㰲ȫ, ٹȥ, һŲ顣
˵ţ⿪ӣ̧ۿŹ˾˼, ˾˼עƬ̺Ц޹ˡ
̧ᴥϵϣЩɬôֿˣ
ȥҶ˺͵, 㻻˳ƺ˳ӵִͬһ¡
˾˼ִ֪ͬʲôһʱ˵ʹͷð죬ڵң
š
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˾˼ͷϵĳתͷԸŪ˵ȳԵ㶫ɡ
˾˼Ӧһߣ֣˾˼࣬ȥ˼ַ˪˾˼ע⵽Ŀ⣬̧ͷЦˣҸʲôǲǾҳ̫ÿˣ
ƤҲ̲סˣ͵˵˹˾˼Ļס
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֪˿жѹҲ֪ӦãȻһĵ·ϣÿ˶Ǵġ
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е˽ȥԶֻһ˻·ϣ˵νļ֡
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𣬿ü֮ģյǰ̡
һŮӡ
˾˼תȴһֱЦʲô㶼Ҫҵģòã
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˾˼˵ţ֧Ųס̱˵ϡ㾲ʱӣҲֵġƵġŵġ
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깫⻰̧ۿһۣ
˵ţ˱Ź깫һ˺ԺԺǰԺö࣬˾˼һһ䣬̣ζڿУŨЩܡ˾˼ŶԼиŮˣбϣһ̸ˣڼͷ¶Ĵȡ
Ѿƻƻ󣬡һЩƵŮ˾˼̸˵һΪ˭أԭ
ڵأ
˭
ŮӽĿ䵽Ĺ˾˼ϣ˾˼ڰʻñƽ˾˼
˹˾˼Ƭ̣죬һŮӴڼ˳
üΪòɿţһ˫񲻾ɨǻṴһ㣬˲˹ͷ
˾˼ɫ꣬Ƭ̺һЦתɡ
˵ţ߳ȥһ·ԺӸȥͣһſڹ𻨵ķǰǰ£첻Ƭ̺󣬷ű㿪ˣվſڣӣŴӻˡ
⻰˾˼˽Ǻɣպĵǡ
ӦһŹ˾˼˽ȥһţ˾˼㷢ˣӴһͷţλϣں˵ʲô
˾˼Žӣ˸˾ˡ
ǳ˲ٿࡣЦ㲻Ǹøܸôˣ
Ҫ
˾˼һˣ׹ͷͬ˵ȥɡ
˽ӵĻҲûͣȫȥ
ȥ󣬷ֻʣ¹˾˼ͽӣӣֵܷ˺ٷ˶ˡ
ǡ
뿪ʱͼȹЦЦϧûɡ
ҲԹ
ܼҸǨŭ㣿ϣ°ͣŹ˾˼Ȼϳˣ
˾˼ҡҡͷ̧ۿ򽭺ӣܸΪ˲Լλº󻼣ŵ붫֮󣬽ա
⻰ӻȻ̧ͷ𾪵˭ģ
Ҷ
ýӸӲ죬Ȼڶݾ㶺ЦһǾûƣֵ̧Ҷտ°һͬ˵С֮УΨҶΪڡҪտȪ֪֮⺢¶Ҫ
˾˼Ĭԣӳ°ͣ룬ȥ̧ۿ˾˼ȻǶӶˣ㻹ʲô
ҪӶҲŵù
üܸ˻ʵۣҪ·
ѴܼƭȥԥݣȥݣЭҵĺѳѰѿݣݵ򣬱ԥЭҴӦһڱضԮʶƾ·˾˼ûֱһŰͶ֪֪һ·򵽶ֹܸʡ
СӹϷ֪ҹȥйӴ̰ͼ֣Ϊ˽½ʲô𣿡
ܸأ
˾˼̧ۿӣ룬ԥŵܸǸ͡
ǣ̧ۿŹ˾˼Ҳһȫûеߵ͡ǣҲԼ룬ֶηǳֺ֪õ̫ࡣľǻɥ֮ʹ£δûлأֻҪлأܸʱõѡ
ء
˾˼ϿڣֻҪӶɣء
ôЩ⣬˾˼ߵɳǰҲҵֵܡ
ܴҲãҲãߴ·ʱΪѣܿǾôȥҵǷ´ǰѹܸǲҲ֪ǣܴǣ֪
ô죿
վڹ˾˼Цſǰ꣬˼ο˾˼룬һҪܸʶԾиõİѿȨͲöһЩ칥붫ܸסǣ̫ˡһ붫ζŷ˺ܸʵ˿սս֧Ԯ
Ҫöڲ߽⣬ս
ǣ˾˼ͷһʿ˹УŵڶҪܸʵĺ֮ǣĻλȹ̣պ󲻻ЩʿвӶ½ġ
ҪĻλȹ̣Щɻ󣬹˾˼ƽܸʵԼĽ췴Ϊƭ췶Ҫɱǣýһıǵðٵ£ġǵõһɱʥּ
ӵͷ˾˼ŵΣܴ˵ĻλӦɷá
⻰ýӳ˵һʥּܹα죬÷ãôܣ
ǽҪôֻҪĿ꣬취ˡ̧̧֣ʾţ˾˼ַһʿڶϣҪӹ򶫶Ѷȣܸʹ򶫶òʧˣſܸܳʷ򶫶ļƻΪ˱ڴ֮ǰǾɢգУܻ
Ӿţ˼ţ˾˼˵ĶûЩĿġ
ӿ㣬ô
һһ˾˼˼ţһȻҪԡΤϡ˾뷶ĹϵλţԺɫΤ̰ƣ˾϶ɣ֣
˵õҲӵͷȴǵ˵㣬Ҷ֪Ǯˣûжãˡ
ΪʲôҪأ
˾˼Ц˾ˣòŮӣ֣
ȻеġЦˣǡ
˾˼ͷԼ
δ
ڹַмˣ˾˼һ£͹ȥɡ
á
ӲûʣֱӦ¡룬Ц˵˶ǵĵˣ̡֪ܸʡЩǮȨбн˵ö˶˵ģʹˣ︺翹ҲͰˣʲô֣
˾˼̧ۿҲãȵҲãҲãԪҲãô˵һʲôأ
⻰ýˣ˾˼תͷȥǿա
˾ˣʵţǲġ˫£Уƺҹ˭עӣֻҪһڼЩһΪ֮£ڼǵ·ǵǾԶš
Ҳ֪ϻжйһ뷨һŬҲ֪ǵ֣Ҳ֪ʲô֪һһգǱһապҲһֱݴ
ʶ˾˼תͷŽӣ޾塣
û˵þúЦͬ𣿡
֣˾˼Цˡ
Ȼ˵Լ˽˵Լûݺ飬ʵ֪˾˼ﲻɵ˼ᣬһ
˿Ӧڻƺӣתͷݷ򣬵ૣͬһþȫڱܱ˰ɡ
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лҪ˵С糡
̣裬취˾˼
ңúúã㣬ôԵţơ

˾˼裬취
ңһ¡롭֮ǰ˭дôѸģֱ


171 
˾˼Ļ˶Ĭȥ˾˼̧ۿ򽭺, 侲˾, Ƿǳʱ֡
ƴ, ﻹаֻ·
ޱ޽, ȴҪͬʱƽס֮ﻹдϢ֮
Ҳ׹˾˼˼̾˿Ĺ˾˼ļֻǵİɡ
ȻʵȨڶײȴн裬ǹ滮һʱ˾˼ܵ·߳, ȥ
ڶ, ַ, , һ֮, ڰ§˻, Щ, , ͵ʹϢŵӭ븮𣿡
ֻҪԸ⡣Цߵͬ˵ˡ
ͬ˵ˣ
˻ͷͬˣ
һ輧, ԼϲɵҲЦ²Ϊѡ
⻰, żһ¡СŮ̬ЦǺû˵Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻüͷԲɵõˣ
˵̧ۿСչ磬λ˳ͻΪɣ
⻰ɫЩˣάס̬¿ʵ£յȷ󣬹ֲñ¡´ʺɷġ
˵ұˡ
˵ţ￿ϣϲʱң
룬ŵգ
˵ţסͷһڣ㣬ҹúʰһ磬˵ַӭ㡣
ҵ㡣
ŵԺҾˣҪúöҡ
Ȼ
Ц
ֱ֮ǻƻ裬ַ᷿У㿪ʼױ
»һױݣ۽β߸ȥ޶ˡ
ȵƻʱ֣УӹˣЩ
Ӧӯӯһлչˡ
һ񣺡Ӧлǡ
˵ţֱ˶ԷƬ̺󣬾㶼Ц
߰ɡ
ߴ˵ͷ˳ȥ˹ĽӣС̧빬Уվ޹֮⣬޹ͬһվŵĻмŮӣϳҲַ輧
⼸輧Զվһɪɪ洫˵ƺ˭ûƬ̣ŮӼһ޵ſˣһŮӵʬ㱻̧˳
ͬŮһ̧ۣĿŮ뿪洫˼ֲ͵ɡ
⻰Ჽ˽ȥλ輧սս󣬷תͷﳯӯӯһꡣ
Ա߲ŵŮγԱȣüޡ
ӣ﹧ū澵ǱµģΪ¸ҲԸʲô£
棿
üԱץһѽ˹ȥԼĨ·ɡ
⻰æҪڣȴԥ˽ͳԼĨȥƳ̵ţ
ֱֵ̧㣬ҹ
½ŷӯӯһݣл¶衣
ʣµģȥι
£
ŮӶʱ޳һƬתͷƣæֵȥȥ
һˣԼҲһ˳ȥ֮󣬷ʣ˷Ϊζ޵ģ
ǡ
ùϣڴϣúЦһϲ𣿡
û˵עҲ㿡쳨˿ɢȥмֲңƽעƬ̺ǰȥָ˷档
۱¡
ң񳰷ʲôۣϲϲޣ˵ۣǲϲˣ
£̾ϢֻϲһˣŻۡ
ϲµˣĻЩˣŮһ˫͸ĵۣūĻ
ūֻһ輧ȱ֮𣬡ſڷؿڣū澵ϲֵʲôɱū澵˵ʵ
ūߵΪϲ
¿ɼǵõ̫ӣ붫
Ļ÷Щ㱣𵱳ŷһ붫ʱΪˣǸӵˣ˶ϲ
緢ſ޼ɣеǰգǣȻûȴҲ˼ˡ
￿ؿڣָؿڻȦʱ򣬿űµģū澱ãϲˡ
⻰һԲһѽƵϣ˴
ڶ峿˾˼ոõ˹ﴫϢ
ﱻΪ
ҲǷǻһʽӡ
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˾˼룬תͷܸͬʵˣ
գЩŵܸʾҪˡ
أ
Ϣѹس¿ҪزסˣڣǱҪصϹء
ϹԥݡҪգصϹأһ̶˵úܶࡣ
ǾԲܵġ
ǱߴϢ𣿡˾˼ٵǱûѻƺӵ¶صϹء
Ϲξǻƺӣ֮һֱûƺӣǵϹءһأƺӾ̣ͳаգǶûˡ
˻ҡ
˵ÿֻ˯ʱҪסˡ
⻰˾˼ִɳϣþú󣬲ͬ˵
Ȼû˵꣬˾˼ֹסȴǵˣ˵ˡ
ʲô˵أ
أ
еȰοǰοһԼһ·ʲôʵϣûеǰȥûܰΪһˮ˵ЩûĻԼùһ㣬ʲôֵ
˾˼һŤͷȥͬһ£ԼԺͬλ˼ɡ
Ӧȥš
ΪϢܿ촫Ҳ⣬ڸеϢ˸մַȥ̧ȥֿյ̧˻սսַĹ¶˵ҹˣһ輧棬˹
˵˵⻰ŭˣҲ£ҲӦҽˣַ˲֪𣬻ͽȥ
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ŵսսԲ飬ü˵
¶͵͵ͬū˵ǹ˵Ҫġ
⻰ԶʱˡͬҪӦˣ緶λ˳ͻͰ˹С
˾ϡΤϵĳͻʵǾʾóھǣ
һʱЩ֮ŭ
ԷĹΪ̽ˣܲŭ
ȥҷ˵ŵſڣﱻΪϢ㴫˹ҪֻǱҹȥҪǻ˵񱻷˹ҪҪǱ㲻ˡ
ſڴ˴ԱСˣĺδ޷ݣ˰ɣ
⻰ĿڷƣҲûʲô취һתȥڻǻ˸ۡ
˾˼һɽʱѾŵͼϱĵ㣬˴󲿷޹ĵط·ѽһӵӵɽдڻҰɽҪһգԣ뽫ӵޣһʱͻ㽫˷ȥ鿴طԼӵ
ճ֮ʱ˽ɽС
ѷͨ˿ȹֻһɫֲ£Ųű·ĲЬͷ÷ͷ϶һƵң̣ͬһɽȥ
ľǰ濳ݿ·еһ㣬ľͻȻ·߹ѽ
⻰̧ͷľϵĻЩƣĻɽҲ˳𣿡
ľϵ˿Щѹ˵֦Ӧչȥã»ͦǮ˵ţľϰǿݴԣһ鱻ĲƣⲼϻ
⻰Щˣǰľùֵͷᣬ͵رɫ죬ȥ׷ˣ
ˣ
ľЩˣ̷Ը˵ϽɽԮ˵̴ȼˣø̴˹˸ľȥ׷
ˣô£
ӡ컹ЩãȻвݵƽ
һݣ˶ʱľһ룬ϵս̱ˡ
سǺܿͳŲסˣϹأֻҪϹأǱȻҪըƺӡ
ľϳ£̰ķԸǰ׷˹ȥʣ¼˱ֿȥţʣ㡢ӡԼһλר޽̰ӵǡ
ʮţ޽ˮԪһֱš㱾ǴȫֿˣɵõˣȥĶ
룬ŵҲȥӱߡ
˵ţǰȵӱȥ
ӡ졢Сǰȥ쵽ӱʱǰ˸Ͻڲݴпţ㿴ľΧˣľ˶ڣԷղ˫ãһҧҧһ£㱻ˮ˳ȥҲƬ̼϶ľѾסˣż
Ȼû˵꣬ԷȴѪѾԼҧ˶Բˡ
һ̫죬ľϷӦʱæ˼ǲܡ
㶨˶תͷһԱߵ̰ӣҲض˵ˣȼɣתͷͬһͬɡ
˵ţͬһӰȥλɽȣɽУǰʮףɽڡ㿴˵ͼһۣ޽ͼ־龰ǰ̫һͼһλƺӦøƽһЩԶǰ͡
üͷطĻɱ˼֡ͼ־ݸָ˲üͷ̧ͷһܱߣӦѾ̿ɽм䡣
Ҳ롣
ͷ˺ϼһ󣬱һȥߵɽȳڣ˱һͿǰȻһ£ӵ¶ȱüΪͣܿǣΪ˼Сӵ¶ȣѾ˲ˣܼˮڶһ·ǰ񱼡
ӵ·Ϲء㿴˵̰ӵ޽־λˮλ꼾ˮӹλߣܹ鿴Ľֻĵ̰Ӻ͸λߵĺӴ
طڶֻͣľȥ鿴
Ϊ̫վ̰ӵ޽طҲҪ࣬ˮӴڲôʯͷмʯͷש߶һ㣬ȥʮֺʵûʲô쳣
ľϺ˼ŸˮλÿһλãʱҲ½½ˣԪɽ߳һˣʲôջ񣿡
תͷһľϵڲ顣
һæ
ԪæøҲʼ飬ٶȿ࣬ʱľǰû
᣿
Щˡ
֮ǰɱֺͼ־ĴټѾųĵ̰ӣ̰ôӦըҩλá
Ȼľȴҡҡͷʵĵġ
û˵Ƭ̺ȴǵˮλأ
⻰˶ЩˡӺڵҿʱ䣬޽ʱǻƺӺʱˮλӦúǳˮλҲһ顣
ˮλԪЩ⣬˿̻ƺѾˮλεȼҾӦò
Щˣ룬һ۵̰ӣεȼҲ̵֪Ĳǣ벻Ѵڵ⣬ȥҡ
˵꣬һ˴ŵӵˣ˴ˮļûʲôĶ
ܱ߶ǹͺͺĻ̰ϾҲЩֵСԳһ˵Ϊ̶»ƺӡ
룬ڵʮΪһ飬סһӣˮԵȥȥһΣʮ
⻰˶ʱٷԣмվ
Щ˰ӣɰţˮȥʱһԻŵ̰ߣüš
㿴һЩɻʲô
ܾЩ̧֡۵˿ߣûоˮһߣ
⻰Żƺӿһ£ߵˮƺǺƽϹһĸһ㣬ҲζţϹһĵ̰ӣһֱڳŸѹ
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ǺܲʮɺˮͻȻʮ˹Ϊ
ΪʱºӵҲˣľȥģŴܹҡҡͷǿĵġ
⻰򴽣Ա߸ԪЩɵۣܾܲ˵̰Ұɡ
ǵĹ滮һ̰ӵ޽ֳ㣬Ӵôʯͷۻһ㣬ȻʯͷʵʵװСʯשߡ
㱾Ϊըҩ࣬пܲըҩʵĵģҪȥֻܾˡ
ò⣬ľ룬ͻȻ治ʯͷש飬𣿡
⻰͵̧ͷ˵ʲô
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ש
㶣Ƭ̺̳嵽˺ӴϣںӱߣȥȥͺӴһ£üͷµĴеȷʯͷľϸϽǶ
˵ţľǰȥָ˵طȥʲôûƬ̺ץһӼ֣˳ӱڸɫѿ˸ԼһӣԼ֮󣬷°ȥһשͷһ飬࣬Щתͷţ̶˺Ӵϡ
һվʼЩשͷǷ֣ŵשͷһʮһպƽʮɽ֮
Щŵשͷһ壬̶ǽϣԱǴʯͷһש壬һʯͷ䡣
㿴ɫأ֪ã˳һˮλںӱ߳˼Ƭ̺վͬˣҲ룬̻ûըҩ
ǣ
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⻰Щֵɢˣ̰ܳס𣿡
ҡҡͷʵղҿˣ̰ӵ޽һĵ̰ӶҪҲȫʵΪϱߵͲƽʵ׾̡⿪ͳŲסˣһ꣬Ǿǳ׳Ųסˡ
㲻˵ҧҧڵһҪṴ̄ӣһ͵նЩשǾû취Բԣ
Ҫ׮
ЩΪѵѴڣҪ̽ӵȥӴ׮̶סȻٰ²¡
Ҳ
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˶ǣԪһڵλҲˣǲܣƺӾ̣·ֵģǧˡλһ䣬ܣǲܣ
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⻰Цʮ
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⻰ɵЦˣæˣǣϽְɡ
Ը꣬ԪԸȥ㹻ӣһԲ׮λúҪӵĳȡ
ʱѾҹˣҲЩƣҶæţͬľϵ㽫˶ɣ̿϶˹ģҪϼӷء
ľϵͷ㿴˿ɫڵȥ˯һһʼ׮ˣٽҡ
ľӦӡȥһ˯ˡ
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϶Ǳ֦Ƶ˿ڣϳˮݣôû˯ãҿһ˯ȥ
˯ȥһһΣǶܴ𣬹˾˼һϮ£ɢڻﱻţЦñ
Ź˽ƴ壬ȴֻһ䣺
ҸöƱ˵Ʊˡ
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˾˼޵˻ߣƴ֣˾˼
·Ǵһݵһ
˾˼۾ˡ
ţ߽Լˡ
˾˼ڴϣһֻȣһִϣԼĶͷǻû˯ѡԼ˲Բ͵ŷҴҪ˵ݡס˳棬Ȼ˽ȥһԱ˵ʶ÷򼵶ɱĲ̣Ӧʱ򣬡Цһ˵һð̫ࡣ
˾˼ڽͷ´ȥԼ˱Ƿŭˡ
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˾˼Ų豭Ķһ٣Ƭ̺ͷμˣа
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˵ԥݵ¶Ҫͬ˵üͷ˾ҲҲͬô˵ġ
ˣΤЦҲôͬ˵ġ
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Ӧ̽ץ߹˾˼ǡ˵Щʲô
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˶Ź˾˼˾˼Ʊž㣬̧ۿǵλѵһ㶼𣿡
ʲô£ȳֲǷҵҳӣҪڴ䡣
ǡ
˾˼ͷЦһھƣˣ뿪֮ǰȵרңҪպúø¡ӽϣܺúöٱ£һûʵۡ
˵ţ˾˼̧ۣҲáŴҲáҶҲãܴ˽ˣȵѡĸ󳼣ڱ½ջλҾ˾˽һֱסΪǶԱĹȵὨڸǸ˵Ƿң㵹˵˵¶ǰǷʲôϣʲôˣ
Щ˳Ĭ˶Եʱ֮ʵһ֮ʣ˾˼ڴˣֻһ汾˾˼ǣԶɣ̼鳼ƻ󣬶ҵһֱв¼ɣΪ˴ѹҵȣʱѰ鷳ò˷ޣŴҶ˹ϵĽͻǽᵳӪ˽λôЩʱգѵ֪𣿡
˵ͷ˼Ź˾˼Ļ
Щ˵ȥ
˷ޡɴѹⶼŵġ
ܲ˾˼ŵʱ䲻࣬㿪żɽɡλˣ񲢷һþΪ˱ܴı֪ԥʱ⽫ǵ붫ܴȥԥݡ
֪ˣ
𾪳˾˼üŶǻ֪һΪλøùٵ׼ˣ
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Τŭȳ١
Ȼ٣˾˼Ʊһģλغǰߣʲô㻻ܴӣĻǴģѵֻˣ
ȵΨһѪ˾ڣȵ۶ҵ֪֮ǲӲ
˾˼ڣ壡
㣡
Τָ˾˼Ҫ˾ϺԶʱס˾ϵҪ嶯
ԣ˾˼ЦҪ嶯ǵ˻ء
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Τ˾˼һŪоƱѽѵλ֪λ߶̺ͷ̽ӣǽ꣬ҽ꿪ʼǱѾˡͬСıôãôǶǣ
ɱ㣡
Τ̲סˣǱͱ¼ţ¶ƺҲϴˡ
һѰ˽ָ˾˼˾˼ȻӭŽȥ
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ǰ߰סֻ֮ϹأϹϷƺըҩֻҪʿϹأƺϾͻᱻըӣĽа֣ʱǰ߾ӣȫܡ
Ϲغ󣬴Ϲصﶫһƽ֪ԴŴһ·ҹͻϮյִﶫʱǴֻ˸һ֪Ѵݻ֮ɶ¶ʱٵȪ·ȥȵۣͬȵ˵һ䣬ûй£Ϊ˱£ˣģˣգǺˣǵʱȵۻ᲻Ķԣ
Щɫ԰ף˾˼ԾɵҪǱ¾ǶԵģ㲻ӽң±ʧ¿ɷϵگˡ
˼˾һ˼ǣڵ֪ļϸ
Ϊأ
˾˼ЦǼϸڻƺӶֽţ
˾û˵ˣʱ洫ٵĽŲ˾˼洫վǿԺú룬֮Ҳûɻˡ
ʲô˼
˾˼ߵߣԼҪߣæڣ˾˼ƿٹ޵ӣתͷЦЦΪ̸ôã˹ؼʱ̣ݵǣ
˵꣬һ˦ú룬ң
Ҳһ̣˾˼һ̤ʸ˾˼һ˦˵һ꣬Ա߲ҽ˷Щվڸߴ˷׷ױļʸˡ
ץˣֹһˣ
˴˾˼䵽˵ϣͷһ׷ˣЦһὣǰ˳ȥ
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˾˼üôüģ
̧ۣɫأسˡ
˵ʲô
˾˼𾪻ͷ򴽣ظسˣصϹء


172 
˷֪ʮںյĵطܼô, Ѿܲס
ɽ峿˵ܳ, ôϡ
˾˼Щ, ̾˿ټس, Ҫ𡣶֪֮ǰѾŹо֮ǣͶϣȫǡΪǿеֿôдʱգ֪ѻԹسǣسǼȮ峿, ѾҵֽŵλõϢ, ֯ϹءΪѾ, һ, سǱ, ʱ, سǰվͱסˡ
˾˼ҵ˵ط, ˲, ̵ʲôըҩ𣿡
⻰ҡҡͷ
Ƿɸ봫飬ݾ벻Զ, øӴţԥݾ붫һһҹݵԥݸǲһ졣ݵһһҹ
ӽŽ˹˾˼, ͵ըҩ㿴ɡ
˾˼Ź˵ǱߵͬʱҲ˵ʹ㡣
˾˼ʱ䣬ŵʱӦ峿Ϲأһ³ˣȻҪðգһڽգѾ˵Ϲء
ǰҹ￪ʼֽƺϵש壬˳峿֮ǰܽƺ⡣
ܸս
˾˼Ժｫһ˼һȦ۾̵֪ͨñ½ҹ磬λ
Ҫˣ
Ӽ׹˾˼˼˾˼ͷˣٲ֣˶ˡ
Ӧһ˾˼ŵ˽ϣҲҵ˽ϣϣֻҪж֣̿ʼ֯ͳȥá
Ҫճ
üͷһҹ֮ȫͳȥ֪нˣ
֪
˾˼ͷҪ㿪гţʮΪһ飬ø֯ɢȥ
ɢְ
ǽͩɽ˱ʳٺӻˮԴ
һɢꡣ
ӹϿڣ˾˼侲һᾡȡʱ䡣˵ţ̧ۿŽӣɢֻǱ֮٣ǣһܼ붫
ֻܼҾ붫ܿסӣöһ١
ӳĬƬ̺󣬵ͷˣȥ
֪ͨ˹ˣɹ˴
ʱͥԺ֮Уȥͬ¡
Դ빬뷶񼸺Ӱ룬̴˷ǰɫأҲ׼κ˿̸ŽͥԺС
ͥԺժƬҶӣתҶڵ֮У°̵ͣ˶ڶˣȴץ
Щֻܵ˾˼һˣض൳𡭡
˵ϻ
߳ȳҪˣ˾˼ˣΤһˣ㻹ץˣҪкʲôã
˵ţվ˫ֱ󣬼ٵȻ˾˼ǣԥݵϢȻҲǶˡ˵ǻ᲻ޣ
û˵վһߣ˵Ц˵ˣ˵ᱣˣڿҪ޷ڸ˵֧֮ޣأ
Աȡ˶ңһһŭһݶزסûˣǾͿλλܲù˾˼ץ˻ᡣԺɫΤ̰ơ˾ǿǽͷݣܸʷô죿ô죡
£
̱öҵܲˣ͵غһһס俴˫Ѫԣ÷һ£ͼ̵ȥ˶ƽ£λʲôû˵ҲʲôûԥݵϢ֪Ϊ˹ȵܸۡϾҪˣλҪȥԥݣҲᱣñ֮ȥ
һ
еѡ𣿡
̿⻰ѷˣƬ̺Ȼڽϣ̧סԼЩƣǰȥĶڷ࣬£˺úλѾûˡ
̡
㺦ҡ
⻰ǣתͷŷº͵£ǳΪһǱ룿
뱻ڸ뱻ǿƣҲȵͼΣúػµĽɽ
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ӣ̧ͷ俴̣˵ܡ
Ϻη壬º͵ҡ
͵̧֣һƳϣŭ޸㣬̴ָŴˣҪһᣡ
⻰̧סԼȹŷϢŭǳʧԡ´Ϊأסλǡ

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Ҳûоᣬŷһ񣬱ת˿
ˣ˽˴УһУ㿴ڻλϣͷɪɪͬ˵£
ŷģæȥʲôû˵ǰȥڻУŷķ˿һԲ
ỬƤϣĲȴİֹסˣоһִδйİ
ǶҪ
ſǻ૳˭޲
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룬ŵʵҲûʲôѡֻȫλˡλúһģλ֪¶ǰϧ֮ġ
˵ƺ˼þú̾ϢһҲֻ˰ɡ
˵ţֱͬ˵ҹ磬λ
Ϣմȥ̺͹˾˼˱֪ˡ˾˼ټ˳еˣòֵܣȽĶҲвˣϽӵԼ˾˼ڳеһЩɿȫȻҲнǧˡ
Ҫ磬б㿪ʼææµµʱ򣬹˾˼ڳׯЩȫټ
ЩһЩͷһμףŮŮл½ˣдֲЬؤڰµĳ㣬ɴ¥ŮӣҲƽ￴ȥĹ㣬׷ԲԵ
ǴԺһ·վԺ˾˼Ժ̨֮ϣһϷӽ¯ˮƣվ࣬Ҳ֣ģ
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شƣڳˣס˾˼ŵλֿ֪֪о·Ͷϣˣ
⻰Ϊ𾪣ȻȺȴһƱҧ֪
˾˼̧ۿȥڿƾ֮ѡڳбְ˾˼˵ͷʾ⣬ŵǴ֪֪ܸŵ붫Уɽգ
˲˵ȻϢǿʼǾ֪ĿƿŹ˾˼˾˼ܸձ㽫붫ǲֹǿǣǶؽͿ̿֡ԾҴֻսڶ£֪ɹ붫ʱı޻֪֮ԴҵôĽɽڴ˵֣ȵѪڴں֮У
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峿ҽڳܾɣһټλֵܽãɣ˾˼ɨˣ侲λһοꡣ
⻰оƱĿⶼڹ˾˼ϣЩĿ㶼һʯٵĸ㣬˾˼̧ͷԶϣ£ҵȽڴģΪĹˣŮסƶ𱰡˾ܣۣ˵ţ˾˼ĿѲ˼ݣҹҵȣѪ
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ɣЦҹңһλɾ֮
ݽ棬һƽͷˮƣεкξ壿λֵţһɨˣЦȪ·ϣҲµˡ
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Щɻָָϵз갡
±ҲѴڣ˿ˮλߣǴ꣬ǸλˮҲҪơ
򴽣Ϊǵҷյ򽫾ǱߵϢѾϹأǰضˡ
˵ţ̾˿治Уٵȸˮλȥɡ
˵Żľˣ׮Ѿˡ
⻰̸˹ȥ
Ҫ̶ש壬ҪľҪ̶úеĸںд׮Ҳڴ׮ʱǲŷ֣ԭʮ֮ƽģԭÿһשĸ߶Ȳһÿһש棬һЩߵͲһּγʮθܸˡ
Ҳ˵һһשӸƣשɢϷͻı䣬Ϸı䣬·ѹŵƶȻԼıиϵڶשӡ
ʮשһ壬ֻҪһӶϵʮӶһϵʮ־жֻ޲סеĵطȴַ֣жסӵĲ֣Ӽ׸ϣҲһʱѡ
ĶؼҪع鵽֤שԵȶ
׮ѵģ׮ˣֻʣשһһǶЩǲ굽֮ǰŪˣ
ȷЦˣæ꣬Ҳ㰲ġ
Цˣ㰴ԭķӣʮΪһ飬˩һȥˮ֮ƾŰһש壬Ϊש޷ҪϱѣֻܷظŰһ֣ϵˮˮٻĹ̡
һΰש壬һϣҪķٶˣʣµˣһԽŹ̵̡
㡢ԪſºӣȻҲʮºһ˲䣬ܱ͵ڰ˵˶ʱ˲ϣ㷴Ӧ죬ǰȥһץסһ´ӣȵץӣץˣ
һʱӽĺӹ̳ǰȥץסӣľԱ͵ر˹ȥ
Ĵ󣬲֪ɱƴӵϱǵķ򣬴Ҫӣ
ʵϣѣҲʶǵķľϴƴֹԷĿʮȷ侲ţҪţ
ҹƺӾܶ
ץĥѪҧһȺӹ֮Уһ
ͻֻãȻķԸ֪˿̲ܲܣǺӹΧԱߣʮһһ˵£ĺӹ̲ϣӵԱ߸˲ζЩɱָһ
ҺһƬƺӱڵڱǰ˱УѪһֲȴǳԱ侲ȣϣ
ܱ߶ǴȥѪˮҹɫиۼǰֻлƺӱڲ֮ƣһ·񱼲ֹ
Ҳ֪Ƕã˵һˣ
һש壬ڰˣ
˵һܿеڶ
ȻƺҲˣ״̼Щɱ֣Щɱ־ǲܲˣһźӴϷ˽
˳ȥסǣЩɱȴӭŵжûкˣǣƿһӣһɱֳ嵽˻δˮǸשǰֱ̧㿳ȥ
Ŀѣŭȳ
Ҳһ˲䣬ʮ˵ĵᴩɱֵؿڣɱһľϣ֮С
ӵЧˮƬ̾ʹ˶о濪ʼ̴󺰳ܣܣܿҪˣ̰ӿס
ܱ˶ʼܣһƬ֮䣬Żƺӡ
ûסƺӡ
̰ӣҪˡ
̰ô죿
̰ƺ󣬻ƺӻһ·ϸĵȥûкӵΪ͵Ķޡ
·عأʣˣԼعؼʮգȫ
ȴعأֽ̣а֮ڣ֮սңʱճʲô
㶿źˮһһ³ŵ̰ӣשɢطʧ
տʼΣľϳ嵽ǰżˣ߰ɣƺӱסˣ
ߡ
ſڳľ㶣ȴ¶˾ģ͵ػͷ˵ߣ
һסҶ㣬㿴ŸԪʵߣƺӾˣô죿ԥô죿գô죿
ˣЩڻƺӲΪ֮ǰӷҴ˿̻û꣬ˣ˴̰ӱػ١
֮أ
㶢𣿡
⻰ˣˣܵȥˣպλ˯𣿣
˵ţҲ˵̵֯ˣ̼ӷ֪ܱͨдգȫֳ˶һȥʯͷںӴשλͶʯשѾ̶ãʣûȫɢǻмӷʱ䡣
һ˵һ侲ڶ˾ʼΧɳʵ
˰æɳʵͬʱעãһĸط٣վȥˮٶȣȡ޲ʱ䡣
˲˵㿴ˣŭ춯ְʲô̰ô𣿣
ˡ
һڿڣΡΡҡҶӲ꣬ﻹˡ
ԻȥƽҲ㣬ԼҪǽҹ̰ˣԥݾͻᱻݣսݣڴ棬½ֻģܻؼҴż˶֣ùļĺս𣿡
û˵һһɨˣ̰ӻû壬¿ˣҲлᡣղסƺӣǾҪסպļ֮棬ΪǡʳѰǵļҲһֱ֡
˭мˣۣסȭͷŮûһ꣬ҼлλˣɷδټҶҡҽղߡ
˵ţתͷȥӵϷһʯӣҧ̰ӣҽձҲҪڻƺӡ

ƱŮӢˬͣŮӸ˵ĵһӡ󡣶˿ѰʯӣıӰȴ˶ܵһ
һȻһпѡˣĬȴᶨ
ֻһˣȴҰʯͷһһŭŵĴӣͼЩʯͷȥԿȻ˳
¡
ԪͻȻ棬ʼҲȥЩʯͷ
ŸԪһһתȥ
¡
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Ҳ¡

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տʼ꣬䵽Ϲء
Ҷȥסһ꣬Щƣˡ
ȥϢɡ
׾һ磬ϵϴӣƽҲϺþõ·ˣȥ˯һ
նˡ
Ҷϵͷȴǲ˵˯ǣֻǵϹصľеҲˡ
֪֪û취ԹϽȥ˯ɡ
˯š
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ˣúһֱͷˣڵں£
޺ûƺӵϢһղҶ򴽵Ҿһ˯š
Ĭţ紵Ҷڷ﷭죬þúŵģˮˣˮԺܺãһᱣġ
⻰Ҷ̲סЦ̧ۿҹɫġ
ʶʱһׯĴҹ㣬һ˵ĺ·Ѿ߹ˮǧɽˣеһжܰŪҲʱŻã˼Сӡ
ȻֻҪվǰ죬ʱʱ̿ҫۣ·Ǹӡ
̲סǰһͻȻҶϡ
Ҷüţ
ս󲻺ڣ
⻰ҶˣŵԲãů룬һþûС
أ
ҶЦЩòá
㰡ҶȻԭء¥ϿԣҶǰһס
Ҳڸսһսʱʲôˡ
裬˶ĵļ䣬Լǰ̵ĵǣ˶Ļɡ
ֻʣͬһ㵥ֱʵ֪磬Ӵ߳լ磬֪ߺ
˵̻һŮ˿ԶУ̻һŮҲĻء
գ֪ǲˡ
֪ҶͬһԸġ
⻰ԥţȥסҶļͷ
ɫ类紵ĴϣҲס
סҶϣƳȢ㡣
ȻȥɳƵһҪȢ㡣
Ҷϲ˵ؿڵʱۣϵѪͻȻãһж룬ʹ಻Ѿһζμ䣬ɢ
ִŵĻ䣬йΪ
ֻнпѻΪһ̣Щǳɳ
֮ҶһȻѡһΣҲ˳˳޷ѡҲмһУճԲ
žžҶϱ۾
˿̶ڹ֮УΤϡԡ˾϶Ѿã׼硣
ֻԸո׼ʱʹ˼ٵţԴ򿪴ţ㿴ﴩһɫվſڡ
ȫǻ֣̿Կ㶵
һԲ͵˽ԻԺԥ븮У˹ţƿ
ɪɪһʱǲ֪ôˡ̾˿ǡ
Ҫ
ڣһ˻ʱ˵ʲô
¡̧ۿᣬɱ㰡
͵סһڿ
꽻ӡ
ҹʱĹöѪػƺӣԻ껤


173 ȫ 
Ժܿ侲ɨһԱߵĹܼ, ſ޵滨Ƚ, ˵
Խ, , ϴţֻͬУе˵ɱң
ŵͷüͷΪҪɱң
ҡҲסҡҡͷҽʱȥҶ˵ʲôҲͬҶһ, ȻԸڽҹ׼˶, ˵ūš˵ʲô, Ҫ޻˾˼
˵, üͷ˴ķҵ, ӵȥ𣿱µ˼ʵڲ, ֪, Щ̧ץסԵ, ѾǱȥð
ȻǱ, Ծγģ
⻰, Ƭ̺վŵ㻳ң
ҡ
û˵꣬ץԱ߱Ӿ˹ȥȻʲôңһһ޵㻳ң㾹ȻңΪǮαװɹŮ㾹Ȼң

һץס֣еҲ˼˵̫شҵúú룡
Ҫѣ
ŵҾŶѣô𣿣
⻰΢΢һ㶣޵ߣȥ㶿ڵϣ͵Ժһʱࡣ
Ļﲻ㣬ȴ׵ġ
Ҷһ
޻˾˼
޷Ǿǣʵ۶ɱġ
һʼ˾Τ˹˾˼֬ʵΪôԷ֮ɣֿ֮ʼзġܸ붫ڼ˾˼ֳڶ̽ǾƸۣɱ֮޻˾˼Ȼܸƴһס
ĿþòԣоԼƺǱƵ˾·ϣ벻УΤϡ˾ҲѾΪһ½ҹɱҲֻΪõǡ
ںҶĵôǣ˾˼һ˵Ŀϡ
Ϊ˱Чס񣬿ǷѾ˷ϵ۵گǲ˵ڷУıѪҪ
һԸȵĵôǷҪļ̳ˣ
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