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 1 

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1. Ůϻͯ
2. ʡ
3. ܿա
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ԵɲĹֲʱ䣬ʱŻѪֹ㼫ҽΣҲվгŲȥ졣
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޵׶Ӿôˣ

 2 

˵رԨ׶ӣʵҲȻ
رԨⱲ˵Թһأǹ¾þһء
ĽرԨþֶҲҪͬȴرԨƳ˸
µ֪ɴЭŮߣӳ֮ͱ꾩رԨߣɹµܼܡ
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ʣܺƭ                        
лҪ˵մͣ

 3 

⿴ʵҲ֪ʲô²ΪصҽҪȥɽ塣
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ʽ⽫һƬһϸƤһѪɰ뿴һʱ侹֪˵ĻǼ١
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ҲĮ˵
ԭҲǲŵģ˼Լ󣬡Щ·󣬱ٸıЩ뷨
ʲףһƿɽ壬Ժ󲻻ټˡ
Цá
ɵĿУʩʩȻɻ˴ϡ
ϱʱʲôƵתͷҲҪ˯𣿡
ʳĬãһıӰ˻ش
ʱֵǮҲϡ
ԼֶΣ׬ǮǷֱ飬Ҳʻȫҵߡ׬ˡ
˵Ҳ֣ͬ˵һС֮󣬹ٶʱܿ챻˯ϯҲⴲѲˡ
ʵȴƬ̣ȵǴƽȵĺɵתͷһ۲ڴϡ˯ǹصŮ
ʣʼƯŮӡ
ͨĹȫȻͬʲôⷢӳΪֹֻҪǶһվӲܸ֮䱻һֽ
һںӱ߼ʱʻԼ߳òŮģƭȥԵ֣֡ôܿһ۶ǣ
ոգ˵Ǳ˴˵֮ˡ
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Լû˯ʱһ۲֪ߴ˹صʵʵֻʣ͸һߣȻʺϵġ
ҪѲѵڴͷ۾һѹ̵شӴϴ֮󣬲ŵ߿һǮӡ
ԭǮûȫߣҲһҡ
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µʱ࣬ӲǮִŹˣǵԼǮŶӡ
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뿪ջ㰴ǰĴǰɽ壬СӴϱóʢӵģռزСȴΧɽҰ
ԤǶӡ
ֻҪٶȳԼǰˡ
뿪֮ǰģСתһҵһ۵Ĳӣſڿұ˽ȥ
ĻǰкҲͷŽȫڸסĶңλʲô·ӣ
µ޳жˣʲôʵĶ
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΢΢ףŻȥ
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Ҽи걻׷ɱգ鷳Ƶת˰Ȧ˵ոյϣ׷ɱҲǡ
ûʱ˼ǰһô򣬳µķ˹ȥۡ
»ͷɨһ̣֪۸Ȼǹġ
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ŵضŹ¿һۣʼǲǸ߹ݵˡ
ԷɣЦˣһ˵
֣ҳʣǰжʲôԵɣ
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˹£ͷֽܱʼд¸ոյ鱨Ҫ鱨ȥ꾩رԨ

 4 

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δıĶӲ⣬дšʡֵֽҳŵϣԸ¥ȥ                        
лҪ˵ʣһûиĿ硭ƣǲҪ

 5 

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¥ͬӣЩΪƲĿ⣬ôᲢۣ                        
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 6 

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رԨĽŲһ£΢΢ƫͷɽķһۣûлش                        
лҪ˵۷~

 10 

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ޣ˭Ҫ˵                        
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 11 

ѵ˸磬һžײʱֱԼűߴ˯һ˳Ű»
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ܣҲõرԨճ˵                        
лҪ˵ѦôܱرԨѴ
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 12 

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رԨһһٵ˵                        
лҪ˵£ֵܣѣҵβΡ

 13 

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 14 

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رԨˡ
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ƫͷԽԽȥĹ£˵Ц⣬ʦͽ                        
лҪ˵۷~

 15 

ȻҪĶȥˣ±Ҳյͨϼһ·һ·ԣ·߼˺ѵ
Ĭһһؽӣ֧ҩûߡ
·һ꣬΢׷˹¼ҩɥطˡ
·һˣҩ˹¼ۣҲ¶ź֮顣
ʣһ̯ӱ
ջߣعˡ
¶׵ǸߵŮӣ̯ǸĿƵŮˣ߽˼ЦλôǶԵģһǵһμ
³̯ף̧ͷʣΣ
ʲض룬ԾԾԵ֪볢Ů졣
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ĬһΥĵ˵ɡ
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ʣ߽ϸ˫߬ů߿ͷڲЩµʱ򡣡                        
лҪ˵ʣʱ򡭡ȸš
*
ʻٰҲ纰Сͬѧɹ
أ

 16 

ĳĽ̵̲סЦûسʿ˹ȥĲྱϡ
ȻͬϵԽͬʿϵʹԽܼᡣ
ǡҩĵײ
һڣֻһرԨѪҲȥرԨһ¡
ʻû͹ôӽӲ彫ִڹµıϣھĺ̵źʹ
öˡ̾˿
û˰취˺ðβѧŴͷ˺庢һһŹµıٵĺָ
֪˶ãͻȻ˵ƭġ
ʵĶ˶٣ּȥһ
µȻûȫ˵滰֪ġ
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áĵ˵أ
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ЦЦǿҪ˿ǰܵرסʵĲӣǸӡ
Ͳµˡ
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šµӦ
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οʵ۾úܣ˵϶Ѿʮƶˡ
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Ԥеʲô֮鼴һ㣬ü˰ԾСϣĦ²ƽ                        
лҪ˵۷~

 17 

˵лʵ۵ıʣֻĵǼգٽ³գ꾩ջǲԶؽ
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رԨȥҸƷο塣
ѦԽԽջ𣬡Ұҳ
ҪرԨĵƷжʽ㣡                        
лҪ˵֣vʼ͡
Ӧǵ͵Ѩ

 18 

رԨͻȻ
Ļ, üһȦŵС¥
꾩ֻм֮ң, ٶȳִ꾩, ԽرԨΧ
ʹ֪رԨյʡ͵ĵ, ֪͹µ٣һֱûֶԷ֣Ҳһʱ˾衣
ʰϸϸ¥ĿˡС, ׽ɱ, Ц
ٴ, Ǹδˡ
꾩ʶԣҲһµ
ΪرԨĶӣҪǸȨɫȦӳϹϵġ
£ʵע˻, ö, ߰ɡ
ջĿ⣬ҽ´š
λ, ¸Ǳʵʵ
¹±˿
꾩Զʱ, ǲ˼ɫ⣻꾩ʱ, пʶԽԽˡ
´ؽҴס, ¥ȥ
·һʱ, ºƲСĵؽϿ˵Ʒײ˵ϡ
˵ķӦȴ쳣Ѹ٣һԼĶ֮ǰͰиסˡ
תͷȥƿɴ֣ȻǸ
ԭҪ˵û¡, ͵ؿ´ӶҼ¶׷¶𾪵ɫ
һһͨһŹ¹ȥ
ڹѹûüֹµΪͿ½ƾԼһ˸Źˡ
ʣֲ˹
ǰĺ䶯ǰŹ½˳ȥ
²ŵҴǰ
رԨˣʡ
һҡͷϣǡ
ȵµľˣ࣬¶ΡЩ˴С㱻ѦңӦͶرԨͷ
ĿǣΪѦ¡
ѦҲˡ
Ҳ֪ѦʲôʱѣµȻ롣
˭
ҵܵܡºЦ˵
ʣζؿһ꾩ķ˵ϲͬ׽ܡ֪
ǡµԽһ㡣
ʲÿɷ
Ѧǲѹµصɽ㣬ҪȼѦ˲֪
ο²ѦͶһٸƽϵȥ꾩ˡ
˸·ٶȲ죬У˾˾ղŵ꾩ǡ
ʱͰƣûʲôۡ
±سʿժһضңȴûòͬϵˡ
һоյؽ꾩ǣҵطʱɫѾ
Ÿ⹺õĴСճãֿտոߣʱʱҽֵϵĵˡ
˷ǣʡ
ҡͷҴǰҲ߹꾩ĽֵЩҵġ
꾩ǵĵͼӡڹµԺУÿһСǵסֻԼûȥ߹һΡ
ղߵȸ룬ʵһӴǰҵġ
ʣ꾩ٵĴ鱦ʯ޳вĿһƷͨ˼ҼĿȻֶǹµģ
ڡµӦڽϵˡ
ü
ҲѹѦɱ⣬ΪδĻʵۣʵڴúܡ
ȸ΢һˡ
ԭе㵣ģǰһûҷЩˡ
ǹµĿȫȻûŰѺѦ·ϡ롣
Ҳ֪λĻʵ˵Ǻ»Ǽ¡
ϾѦ¼֪ԷȻǡ롰ɰޡеĺߡ
㲻ҪԳšʿ򻪵Ƴϵ꾩ǣԱڶ̫࣬ˡ
ȸһʱѾ߰˶ŲͬԱƷӵΣһǴٹ˼ҳŮ졣
·һͷĶңǵû²ţ㲻Ǻ
˼ߵȸĩˣͷոͣһִ
ɨһۣǰͷҸƣһдšառҵһǿһԱƷķš
ƷԱĵײܹơ
ռҵͷƵĽռҵӵǰ롣
üƿߡ
ƷԱλһֱΣûֱϵ׾Ҳضá
˭ҵĳ´ԶȺʵ
ա˵
ռң˼ط˽Ųͷֵķһۡ
ʶжϡ
ûзϣ˵ͷפ㿴ŮдѾߵ˳ԣȺб޶£Ŀķ塣
˸OO@@ռΨһĵŮ꾩һˡ
ÿٴζòΪʫȲ˺ÿ
⻰ɲô˵ǲǵһˣ˲ͬء
λˣͨϰѵһոĹͲͬˣʮ±ܼһβǣ
ʱ߱䡣
ֿһԼԴŶҡڵʵʵĹ¡
һιϵĵһ¾λˡ
*
̧߰ͷһȦΧ۳ԵߣĿȴȺһӰסˡ
ǸӰɫ嵭ڲ࿴УŲĿ⡣
ûдӱӰϳһ˵ı£ǸӰǸˣ
ƿڵҪչӣȹڡɿ׷ǵһŵıӰ
ܴǸˣ
³ײȺϵطȴͳͳţ׷ǱӰȥķǰֱȺǰһƭȻʱŷֶԷʧˡ
ϤҲӰ·ֻĴ
ȻʧԭվãֱһȲߵߡ
üʣʲôҵû㼸ôʧǵӡ
ŽֵͷǱӰ֮˻漣ٴγƵģҿ˵¡
˵ʱüû
ʲôܿǲܽϴصһۣ׷ʱȴͻȻˡ
˵û̷Ļ˼Σ˵侲㣬Ҳ֪¾ţᱻ֪
һ̧߰ͷⲻң֪˭˭
Ҳ̨Ƶķһߡ󣬡ղܵƭ˭أҪסǣ׼׷ȥ
Ƭ̣üһ㣬ѵȥ׷
Ĭһ£ն˵һ׷
ͬʱ
Σŵ˵ʼղŵˡ
Ц㣬˶ˡ
ҡҡͷ̧ͷñͶʹķ򣬡㲻ס
֪ôˣѦرԨ̫¥⣬һ
ͬ˲һΨһһ׶˴µˡ
ˣҲӴ˽̫Ѧ񵱳˲ĳˡ
˽ȭͷֻɿһһٵصûۻһҪҵ                        
лҪ˵⼸v¶кֹʱǵڶǰ_(:١)_

 19 

ȽϵͶԶ, ²ʺԼʾɿ
ղɿ˸Ƕ, ûп׷ֶ˵Ӱ
Ϥ̵, ˵
Ȼµͷ, ǶˣͬҵŮûʲô
ʣһô׵ģû˵
ѾͷԽ, ҲҪ꾩Ƿ׳ġµ
֪½Ǹðյľٶ
û뾩ʱ, סǣ꾩, ˵͸ˡ
ЩֻΪ˹
֪˹¾
ʣûϵ»Щ
ֿһۻָĽֵʣһ˭
µ, δˡ
ʣҿ̫
뾩ĵһҹ, رԨȵõϢģѦҲ, ɳ˹µȷгࡣ
Ǹù̱˹ʥ
Ȼֱӳʥմ, ͬòֱһޣ̽ӹڵ, ʮֿ϶˵, ǻ, ҲȷоŷƣֱԼ棡
ѦЩסˣʣ֪Լ˵ʲô
ʵ
Ѧ֪Ǹȵ, ʲôһű಻±ӣΣ۹úܣϴ
²ʮꡣѦ˵᲻ǻʽŮ
̫ش𣬡µƽѲʵˣǸŮ˲Ϲ
Ѧ֪ܣѾܵĿˡ
꾩ˣѦĬƬ̣ʡ
̫ࣺǡ
Ѧؽϵľںִ򿪣˼֣ʲôҲȥӵһߣԼԼϾƵ˵ܣ
̫ûҿֻرԨԳˣȻͬΪƵġ
ȥѦָ˴̫֪࣬ʽ㳤ʲôҡ
ûĴ̫ࣺǣ¡
ʵΪʲôȥһۣǲǸ׼ȷ
ĸʣ
̫ͺڶһ㻻ѳѰ˼ڣѦرԨҪϵģɴرԨºˡ
ֱ鵽Ĺºסִַ˼װرԨˡ
ŵʡ
̫ƼŽһ֪رԨ׶ӵףҭһ¡
񣬵˿ͬʱճرԨֱһģӡƵģ
ǰĸߴﻹһ˫ĿӣϲƷζȻղ³
̫಻ɵһرԨĳ
ݺʹʮĴ̫ЩЦòײűסѹɤСӼȻ꾩ˣȥࡣ
ʴޱؿ˴̫һۣпվȥ
˵žͺҪţ̫ϽԼȥţ˭֪˫մһ棬ǰͱһ˳ȥ
̫ࣺٹ˼ˣҶҪӣһμ֪رԨ˻ôӵġ
رԨ㴳ģüĿضס̫ࡣ
̫ʱһϤΣСڹֱȻһһġ
治ɫش˸ƤЦⲻЦص꾩ɽ壬СӸײܿԼ˫ȭΪΪĵطˡ
һüҪ˵Ļʣ
̫һȲŽͬһԺ
¸ոɢͷ۾ʣ˭ˣ
µģüͷһ壬ûˡ
˵ţñ߱˴̫࣬ؽ˦ϣһͷ
̫ͣһʱûܷӦԼ֮״
ֻʣ˸ղŴԺлгŮݡ
ѹ̽һҧԼ棬¡˵ʱߴ·ʮʮ̫඼ţ
ڵλ֮ǰ̫൱һʱеģϤˡ
糿ûȫȻʱƽոɤ־䣬ֱһ޵ġ
ֻʼġʡ֣̫һļƤ
ٿµʱһ׾ͽˡ
̫ڽյǰ˺һͻȻʵʵشһսתͷеһ㿴ûУ
ˡͳشôͬʱۻˡ
̫ҧûۻҲûۻŵĴһȦǻع
ʽŷߣͷ᣿
˸ϵһͷŹǷմߵ̫࣬Щˡ緹ᡣ
¡ȵȡֱȥһСõ޲׸ŵǰȳ̡
ò˵⴦µԺӹõɵģص˸ȴǰġ
緹³ԹڣͻȻΪůĳʳعƵģղ˭棿
۶̧˭
룬°ɡرԨ֪٣ҪʲôϢվ͸͵ˡ
رԨ
ȻرԨʲô
ȥʲΪȻ
ͣ˿˼Ƭ̣Щɻ󣬡硣
رԨȻ˷ΣȻǷεף˲Ǳ仯˵Ը
ȻˣôͻȻȥ
ʿһۣܶرԨ˼
Ц֪֪˰սʤرԨʲôұһͿء
⻰ʵûӡ
֪رԨôģܰϲӲʮ޵УԼصһһζ©
ټʱرԨ̵סͬӴ
⾿ǸȨ㳯Ұة໹ǸĿɮ
Ҫ˭Ϊʲô
ؾԼǾ̹һӶ֪ϲġ
*
̫ӹºʵסأһ·ϻƵûͣ糯սϵ鷿ŽȥҪѦһ̧ͷȴرԨҲվڣʱһĻ˻ȥ
ѦԾǰ壬˴̫һ۾˸ĪĹ⣬˵
£ֻ̫ӲͷƤѦرԨߵȷʵˣ١
֪Ѧ벻رԨ֪ҲرԨǲѦΪ˵ڵĻ൱
ѦվٿشվͷΪͻȻĶһ춯
Ѧ𣬡رԨ㾹˻ʽ
̫౻һŭһ˲𱰣æҵشӵȥ鷿ţĨӵ۵εĸȥΧ
رԨȴѦķԤϣɫƽطʣ⻰Ӻζ
װˡѦЦŷ˼ŭǣֻ̫ļԽһʱ侲֪ȥɽֻ϶Ǹ¡ۻʽ㣡
Ǳ¹еνͣرԨʡ
Ѧһ͡
ȷʵڲͬѰӰӣºЩŮ˲һ
ʹں̫ˡ
۲Ϊ£㵱´˲ڡرԨƽͣ־ȴֱģͬǻһҲ˼˰ˡ
ͻʽܱȵùʽһָͷѦŭΪҵһƷܽû˵ڵġû鶼ʵ֣ʽѾˣ
رԨվԭأԵת⿴һۡ
̫ע⵽ǰסĹ򣬲ɵһƤ
֪漴رԨػش𣬡ҲǻڿǷ
һʱý˺¡
궼мһεĻᣬرԨ˵·ģ²ǵ£һ澵ӣ
ˡѦв
رԨ¼ȻԹ˷У㲻Ҫȥˡ
Ѧ񣺡
رԨ뿪ѦչС˼ۣɫԽձ˰Σ͵͵Ҫ                        
лҪ˵ѦҲš
̽ӣġ
ѦҲš
̫ࣺġ
ѦҲš
رԨ𿴡
Ѧ񣺲ƫҪǲġ

 20 

˵رԨ, ܹҪȥġ
ֻرԨƭ, Ϲ׼ȫʵȥ
ֻһ˿©, ҲᱻرԨԡ
رԨעõĻӡ
¿ڼҿ˼ڤ, ̲סЦˣûôƭرԨ
ˡ̧ͷʱ򡣡
ĸ¹⾰ǹµ, ʱرԨֻٶΡ
ǲõʱ
ǰִ꾩ֻʵĹµĸ¼ʲô⡣
һ, ٹ, һΣ
ͦһΣ˭֪һΣ
˵²ʡ
áʵͷ˵ȥˡ
Դͬ꾩һЭ֮󣬹¶ʱȴǰΪݡ
ܹҲĺ, ͬ¥һ, ƽû¹ŵҲʲô
ǹû׷ʵģͷڷ, ͻȻֵ, Ը˱⡣
üҲ̧Ӧһ, ҳȥ⡣
ǰҳԡ», ѾͷǺ, ˽ҵĿζϲá
ʣ¿ӶŹ¿˺һ䲻ȵ˵Ѫζ嵭㡣
գգۣҪը, ʵؿڡ
ʳţ𶹸
˵ͽǰ궼߽ˡ
»ǵһγԷһ뱻˽˿ӣԭλһƸԼ˱衣
ţ꾩̫رԨµʣʢٱӰø
ǲ⡣
±ų̬˿ڲ衣
ǲίԼĿڸ֮
ٳǰºסͷߵǰΪҪʲô飬˭֪µͷǮŶǮ
Ǯû㡢Բֻ򶹸ģ·Ĳ٣ٶȶǿ𶹸
ʣסµִԼŲ֣
ǰµͷޣü۽ǶŵЦ⣬ǰиԼС岻ʱЩԵģǺͬ׽ҵĿζҺ⡣
أʡ
ʱˡ
ס𶹸ǴӺζԺ󣬹̿ȻҲܺáֻնͬһʲôֻ˵һܳԵȴ겻Щⲻһ
ü˵¡
ɿ³ҸЩ
˭رԨĶӣֳúôء
šһüëɿˣתĬؽŴ򿪣Ҳ˵ǳ԰˱⻹𶹸ˡ
´Ӱ뿪̽ͷȥʻֵ𣬵ԶŽ¹ϣ˴Զߡ
֪ʻѦصԶ۲졣
ӹ̽ͷֱֱؿ˹½źϣ㱼һΡ
̷Ĵ̫ŵؿѦ񣬼ʵ۵ɫһһرɷҲǴһ㣬ɵõĵǰ˲裬¡
ѦûӦ
̫ź˼ϢѦص˿𾪡Ƿŭվ
ơѦصôƵز
ҴҸ֮ǰѦ̫ࡣ
ļʱ֪ǰлرģֻԸŰˡ
ѹرԨѦҧгݵҽ˴ʽסô꾩
رԨ̲סһԶСԺյԺš
˰ΣѦѹŭߡ
̫ò׼˼Сʾǻعǡ
ѦĬƬ̣ʣ޸ȥ
̫ࣺʵ۱Ҫǲ뿴οͰ͵ܵһˣ
ԼĪ˵ԼҪ˸̨°ˡ
̫ڹ꣬һתͨйؽڣС£ˣһ˲ףôԶҲУҪңǽǰٿϸĺá
Ѧڴ˰Σ͵͵˵սw˵޵ýǰȥÿˡ
̫˿֪Լ̨ûݴǡ
Ѧʱܵ͵·ֻۣǵʻЩۣǳɫĻϣôҲǸСӡ
̫Ҳƽ˼йܼҵ·һһ߳ȥʱˣ˭Ҳϲǵʵۺߵ̫ܹܡ
Ѧһ·ߵǰʱŲܿ죬ٵʱȴԥ̧ζûȥ
̫״Ͻ£ɡ
Ѧһô̫ǰȥˡ
̫ûѦôǣǰɤӾţ𣿡
ͷûӦ
ѹȣ̫ûһͷصٶ˼Ű壬̧ɤ˼ͷ𣿡
ֹһӦˣ˭
̫Цɷи㿪˵
ѦźţܽſڲĽŲֱű˴һ룬ŷչ¶Ů޿ɱĶ
ԶԶʱѾˣֻľʱѦҲκνƭԼ
˹µףѦӿȴһɶൽԼòί
ҧ͵ͳͳضȦȴ̲סҲû̫߶߶˵ЩʲôĿطɿӹƿõض˽űߵ
̫໹ŬĽڣǿ佱ԺƧ컨׹ŵҼӿԺϲʹԸ
вʶǰ˵ĵ
̫˱µݣֲ֪ʵ״ôƭرԨû㽫Ըϱӵ˵ȥֻСţʮòصλذɡ
̫治ɫ۸˵ҼϲĶ۶Ǯһֵġ
Цһ¡
Ѧһ̧̲۳˹ȥ
ǮҲ򲻵Ķǣ赭дʡ
ѦͫһǱؽ𤵽˽űߡ
̫˸ҲΣ˶εصȻô˵㲻ǿˡ
һȴ̫˵Ҫš
̫ܾôˣЦҪȥʱͷѦȴ˿ڡ
ܲܽȥֱȣѦʡ
ǰʱСʵ۵˿ձܣһʱԸֿƵġ
»ǵûͷԵСһſ̽ԴԲĴ۾Ĵһת䵽ϱ
ȻСһһ˵Ѱʽȱġ
ٺСһﳤС꣬һ˶ҩǰ
¿Ѧһۣλ
ϳѦ˶٣ϵؽӻۡ
۹ӣµͷ˵Ҽҵܵóȥˣдˡ
һ˵꣬±ƼѦ¶һ˿˵飬ûԼᱻܾƵġ
ܾѦǸǹ¡
ۿžҪǰϣѦϽٶȳû̹﷼
ȴƼˮ꣬Ͳػͨ˰ɡ
Ѧʹ̫ǰˡ
̫Űʱͷһʱһ¡
ͬһģһ̬ȴͬ³赽ĳر𰡣                        
лҪ˵׽

 21 

ѦǰϵŸסˡ
ûٴɫ, Ѧոռʱ, ֪ؾͰѴǰ̬ˡ
һ֮Ů, ҵ, ȻҲظʵιŸ
Ѧϸġ
뵽ʲô
̫Сͷ˿Ѧı飬һʱ׽͸˼, û˵
˰, Ѧת, ڵԺ
̫ʱǡ
ʱֻ̫ͷһ۽յԺţипŮƾ, ±꾩еٻˡ
²֪̫ôԼ, صԺУֻѦ񷽲źȦģ, ɻü
ʲôίģ
˻ʵ۵, Ҳ֪Լһһлʲô, Ӧ˼С
µЩѦǰעһĺ
Ѧʲô, ֺ͹ʲôϵء
*
ͷѦʳȥһ˹, ͷڳźܿҲ˴˸š
ʣòĹŮʵǰ޵ؽͷβһ飬°͵ԭرԨĶӳ
ʵߴһɨ͸ûƵת뿪
Ǹص, ׷ǰ˰벽ͼس乥ȥ
ͷûתֻ΢΢һšͱܿĹ
һ㶣ɿرֱȡʱȴʲ˰벽ͻȻͷƽ仯Ŀ϶ײĺ
һҪײУɵڼҽˡ
̱ɫַɿˣ֮յرܿһжʱ֪ԼʵĶ֣Ҳ٣תͷԸ˼һ˺վǶƷ
ĺҲһ۶
Ȼ佫űһ۵ףĽʵʲߣƦƦɵ
⣬üͬʶһۡ
û֣ſڵķ˵ˣ㻹
һԼǰҵȹʵʣҲǲرԨĶӡ㣬ΪߵǸ
ƨ¡ʵ
һ䣬ɫ΢㳣Ϊ⻹ǳˮ꾩ǣ
ʲ޳ʣҲأ
ɫʱѿ
ô˵ҲرԨĶӣ̫֣һ֪رԨԼĶж࿴أֺرԨĸע⡣
Һ㲻ǵˡӲ˵꾩Уĵˡ
֪˵
꾩ǰж߽¶ߣֳ֤ʵ˴ǰĲˡ
֣ܺ˶š߰صҿ㱣֤ȫȫϣǹúãһҲΥԸ
ʿһѪ˵ΪŮˡ
ǸˣǹҲӲ

ۡ
תͷҲһ
Ͷֿȥ˽һЩ֪˵ݡ
ĸţ½ӵϥ´ΪģͬǹµİŮǳĹҡŵڣȴСһ˼̣ͼַ죬й³ȥ˾̶̼㴳Լá
˵ǲеҪ֮ˡ
Ҫζܶʱޱģˡ
ƩѦ
ϵЦ̱ʧˡ
ۿ˶˵һʡοԷûô˵̿ͷת˻⣬ڽϼǡǸȻһЩǣк׼㴳꾩Σ֮ء
ʵȻȫ֪ġƶԼ֪ñϳ˹κ˶ࡣ
Ҫʵݵĵ£Ҫһ鱨Դ
ÿɷؿһʲôҲû˵Ÿļߡ
Ͷ˸񣬸󣬹Ȼûٴ
Ĭϵ˼ˡ
˲٣ǰĴӣ̽ͷ˼ۺӴһʲô
ޱ飬𶹸
һ۾ôУ岻ãʳϸ׼У
ɵɨһʣСֵܣ³һԡ
⻰һ˵꣬ʵͬʱ˹
Цŵ˭أ
һʾǼǸǳķˣǹ£
⻰߹հ˹˹ͷϣô̡
Ӧ߾˫֣һͶģ˵ˣұ졣
ֺݺݵһ۶ա
ֻԼ˲ڣѸٽߡ
ȵԺǰʱֱǰȥŵġ
˺һͷӦ˭
ĶͨͨͣŵذŰ죬˵תͷؿʡ
ҡʵһˡ
˵⻰ͬʱɫؽһԣȹŵʱһȵصһ߽Ժ
ʴСģʶôණ
ֱ̧ܿӵ°һ£Ҫһ
Խʵļһۣ˴ľĶѾ
ǰѣ£ȴ̲סˣ߿ޱ߳˹ȥ£
±Сͷ˸ʱеţǣ
޵øˣ±ڻҭŵһΪҲˣѦȥ궼رԨȥˣƾʲôȥرԨˣ
̾˿
ͬ˲ͬԣʲôȨ֮ҹ嶼У˶ľҲ͸ⴿ⡣
˵ܹǲЩɡ
ʱĵˡ
Ҳģͬ㵥
Ϊˣ¶Ѧ¥ԶܰȴС
ǹת۳Ͷ˸ȥ
ޱؽﶫǰ¾ͺذӹժ
ʱŻعɤӣǸԼľ侲Ƶģǰ˹ˣͬһλ˳̫ƣһʱԽðˣʵڶԲס
ǰ˵ŻãԹŽŲԾó˴ǰʱһ˿̬ȣһǸ˵úʥƵ࣬ƶˡ
ĿİͰͽŵòУЦ⵹ˡ
ɣʶ͵ʡ
ղҲţҵͬǺ񣬷·ʶƵġµ
˭ʡ
ǰŸճţһСĹ˽ţ˵Ƕ⴦Ժӣʶš
ǰգⶼˡ
ҵûϸʣ룬˵ԴŸˣǸĹӣ˵ϲ⴦ԺӣԸԸ
ߡ˭˭ǮĸҵĽڣ
ˣ°һĵ˵λ˵ۡ
ɫһʱ֪˶Էݡ
ʱըˣƿڴʲôõµֳҡײƭ

 22 

չʶλ۹ӣʡ
ʱû, ԥһ, , ˹ܻܲһ
´, 
ϤԼСˡ
ͷʹĨһ۾, ˹ĳͬһ˺, 㵽꾩, Щ˶ͬһġ
û뵽ôֱףһ£Ͻֹ
, ܻ֪ģѦ, ܲضã
üͷһ, Ƿꡣ
ȴЦ, һǸɣҿ, һҲǴ
صͷ, ǰ˶, ŹµΪǳ¡
ʣ

ԺһƬĬҲϵ¶Ȼ顣
κ󣬶, ŵصˣĿ֮˻ģûܽȥҲ
Ҳܡᶨ˵飬ۼףɵ²ǳˣֻǻ˸ӻأ
뷨νǾʯ˶Դ˵졣
ȴ֪뾭ѵ뷨ȷ𰸡
ȴ֪Żоˡ
˵䣬ţϴµģ
ҡͷλǻʼ֮ˣ֮ˣǻҵְɡ
죬ǲϰߵС¡
ĿİͰ͵˵꣬৵һǵ糺죬˫תͷȥ
ѵס˸һ𺰵ĳ嶯еҧгݵص˹⣬á
תһۣЦЦŹӡ
ʹر˱ۣģΪʲôǸˡ
ŤƬ̣ĥĥػϸϸرʣ£԰ɣرã׼˻ԣ
˵꣬һתͷ׼˵ʵĻȴʺԭȷһߵĴСˣӱ壬ʣ
Ժк͹µദĶʱеձ룬нص˹Ļ½˵ղŵ飿
ǿº͵ģкЦû飬һͷ
ƨɸմϣͷؿһۣţҪ飡
˵꣬ûӦĻᣬսƵܻ
Ǽƣﻹ޵꾩һ˸߰ķ緶
ʵ˵ǶŹԾرȫ⡣
ûô裬ܾù¾ˣ֮ȫȫ𾴶ԷƽںһĹǰ¶
˹Ѿ˵ĳͬʱһޡʾ֭һһ۵˵ǰ˰Ƿ㣬ٲսڡ⻹ģ˼Ҫ㡣
ʲôºʡ
һĿƮȥ
ʱĵһͷ˿ģһԼĿԵ˭㲻˵ˣһգ۾Ϲˡ
ûô˵һصƩ磬˹ϳɻʼѪ֮ģܹ徻
ȻüѾˡ
ʲôʮҲ˷Ųµġ
öĳ𣿡ʧЦ˵ǰͬةرԨϣҿҪλةࣿ
ü˹ԭ֪ʵλ
ʲʲô¡ס
д˵Ĺ£ϲʵҲһ㡣
ڹٳʮ˵һ֡ﱳǣ˵ʵֱ̹ϼֱͬɳĮذ˰֡
סһĳ嶯رԨ֪飬ֶҪüô˼ǰ
롣
رԨȷʵûֹ
¥ԡҲȥɽ壬ֻǳõҹ֮û
ȵ꾩ǣرԨҲԾɺܳסֻһΡ
ͬ࿴ᣬĿԡ
Ⱳӣ¿ٺرԨһΣ̫ӡ
ҿ˹ҲһɫƩղǸԳ۹ӵģֻĸͷģˣֻҪԸģ㶼شһҲøǺɫ
ƵʣѦ˭
ĵִѲӵ֣ʱͷƤһ顣
ղ֮ߣѦˣͷ㾪彻ӡ
˵ϹصҲǸгͷ۲ѵģ˹ﲻ⣬Ӧġ
ɲǣѦ񻹿⻻˸ӽء
ЦԷǣлŹ棬Ҽסˡ˶٣ʣûǴżұ꾩˴֮һ곤²λĶżң
ʱ亹乣ȷȷʵˡ
ֹǶżң꾩˸ң̫ҶֵôΪıǸгһջѦƽ·ϰ
żһԺЩΪиǰͷԾǱ˶·
ٻǱڼ֮ͷۣɴӧȥر߽۲Ϊ
һߣٻʱıʬ壬Ϳ޵øγϡ˺ҲûѦһɫ
ŵòУȴֻһɢעŵոͦءڽܼƵļƣ̲סЦһʣǻɶŹͬʲôҿóͬλ۹ӡǰ¥Բһ
û꣬ͷָ߸ߵ¥ԣʲôʱˣ
ҪشʱûϵԺű˴˿¥Цؿż˹꾩
ȥʱݵֻƵĴϴ𣬳ſڵķȥ
һʱ䣬ſڱһš
¿ֿۣۣԼһıˮ
ͷֵ̫ܿҲ鿴
¥ԣ˵ȥŶһ
¥һжҲƽɫɱҲͰˣóɵŹµ棬ĸ¶һɱ
οиԱšʱҪ͵ϮƵġ
¥û˰취ֻó˹ң
Կһۣ¥űüëһʮίģƱ۸Ƶġ
ǴǰȥΧˡ
ڡº˿ڲ裬Ц
úܣҪҪ֪֪ǰرԨˣ㻹ٺڶ𣡡
ֵļ϶У¥Բִתۿһۣʲô˼
֪ʧԣҧ촽˵ˡ
ҳ˭ҲΪֱôȥŹ¾ޚ
¥мһͷɴҴرԨϢǰ
رԨ֣ڲ˴һŵ֮䡣
ôеʱʾǿƽ˸Բ𿪣Ͷ¥ԵرԨô
¥ںĨĨѪֳֺõزһЦ˵رԨѾ˴·ˡ

 23 

رԨбĿ
ѦҪֹµ, ˲һʼΪǸ, رԨ
Ѧİ޽, һ̫Ȥ, Ҳ̫á
Ǳ£ҲرԨнºָμķ
ȻҪƭѦرԨĹҲȫˡ
һ˳, Ȼǻ˵͵ŹµԺӷȥ, ȴǲȥ, ֻڸͣһġ
үϢ˵Ѿعˡڳ
رԨ۾Ӧһ
˵ǡɫŲԥ̫ܹҲ
رԨƽ, ˡ
۹ʲô, Ѧһܹ侲˵ġ
ѦһҧԼΪ, رԨȴöų롣
Щѯ, ү治ȥһۣ
رԨ۵, Ѿˡ
¥, ֹʡԽԽ
µֻǸɳúƵ޹Ůˡ
һ֮˵Ӱ, رԨ൱޴ȡ
ҪУرԨѡĻǡ
һһҲѾˡ
²˵ĬظǰУֱһбԥغرԨǰ, ļƺ꾩ӵһ㡣
´󷽣ɫװοȴʮһ۱֪ǹŮ
ֻҪԾ˽ģһǰӱ֪˭ġ
ռֻһŮˡ
СխȫȻûҪ·˼رԨͣ¿һ۳ᣬûرԨָʾǰչδȥ
ЦӳﴫҲȥ羰Ҫδȥ
ⲻչ
˵Ҳ֪ȥҸĵطҿͲһ˰ɣǶءǿյúܣ취¹ܵЩҲŲ顣
⻰ǻ˵ָձԴһ
ΨһһԴ֪ǰˡ
룬֪رԨֹѦ񣬿ûôѡİš
Ѧҧгݣĸ֮ϣµ˵ĻҲ潫ô
ߡ
ѦۣܿرԨҲһӲ۾
˶˵жһ˰ˡ
ǳ𢣬رԨʲôã
һ˵
ǵߺ˶رԨһҹͷȴѦ񲡵֮ʱһֲٰΪһƽƺͷβûı
˽ڳرԨȻǹҲɻȱĶ֮ţȴʲôҪʲôֻԼһ˿Ҳ¶ˡ
رԨܶ˵֣ҲںַǸһӡ
һ˵رԨҪ£˵ŽԼȥµة·ˣûϡ
ȥɣ
ǲѦģָɣһ̲סʣôô
رԨڿ˿ڣ᳣
ŭֱ˲죡Ҷ֪ʲô¡ûʸģǰûó󻹲Σ
رԨ⡣
ҲͬһСһһ͡
Ѧã޷Ƕǿķϡ
رԨ⿴һۣסķλʵԺѾԶ˵ĿıҲѾﵽٶͷ
ͳӦһ
תͷʱرԨδµƳһվڲԶ
ֻոձַر߽ĴҰޡ
رԨδԼϿ顣
һμʱ߻谵رԨûж࿴ʵˡ
Ǿ͹³Ϧദˡ
رԨɫƽֽ£˺˽ߡ
ةฮԶȥƿĿıӰة̩ɽǰɫ
ôŻ
ٽرԨˣһɴʾ⳵ԶЩתʱſʲ֪ʱԼһ㾹Ȼö¥Ժ͵µദ
ʿһۣǺ㲻ͬԹ²
һʱûòõòԣով˺رԨĶţɫȻܲÿ߱˵ȻҲһǧѧˡ
ˣ
ʶشӴ򲻳һƨ˰ֻҪ˵ʲôҪʲô;ñ˿
缸ûʱ˭õرԨѶȻһҹͷ
˽¶رԨΪϢ˵úһء
ҲΪˣڵ֪־ѾʱûرԨæ
ǰͷرԨʱȻزرԨ˼صáá
ޡرԨ
һ֮֮ϡȴпһ
ԼԸߵģԹκˡ
ʵͷ˼һޱ˵ܺá
ٿתͷ̧ʲô
ü䵭˵ͳɲҵĶ֡
رԨԸʾһҲصȨ㳯Ұ߽´ߡ
ǵһμƵٶ¿һۣűŹֵ˵Ҳϲ£
ͷҲתǰϲǹ¡
Σ첻˵¾ǵ£
˵ֻ´鷳
Ҿ룡غߺߣֲš
رԨţѦţ¥ԲţҲţỳԼֱжϡ
㲻ţҲԶԹ³֡ͣ˽ŲѩĿǵӴֻ᲻һб¡
ʻвζɵҲͣ۾̧ͷʵ飬˵ʲô
ʣȷʵû
ĺΪ仰ͣ˼Ϣʱ䣬Ծصɴ۾ŤͷԺӵķȥ
ͬϵ˵ÿ³ţرԨܼĻǡ
תطϣⲻܣ˾رԨȥ˾
ʵˡޱ飬Ѧ¥Զ֪رԨǸĸҲ֪
ɵΪʲôңȥίҧ촽ɿ̧ͷǹأ
룬ʱε飬ҲܲԷĵȥ
ͫһ˵ǵº⳾֮ϵǹܵ˺ϵ
ҡͷܿ϶
漴ø࣬ͷˮֻߣͨϵܼ¡õ
ԴԻΪȥ
˵ð٣һɵ֪ˣ㻹꾩رԨ
رԨһջ֪ʶɫĶҡˣرԨܾ
˵İˡ
ʵ͵͵˵ˣҪƭرԨĸԸؾˡ                        
лҪ˵ʣƭȥƭرԨ
£ֹޡ
*
ϣ粻ٸٿɣǲеĲе_(:١)_һҲû.jpg

 24 

ȥʱ뺷ú, , ʮĶȻûס, ֻȥ, Ҳûһ·׷ȥ
һϢȥˣûرԨǰԹ, ԾԺﲻߵ¥ܲġ
ضű, һ¥, ˣԼģ
¥Цݵߴȥˣĵػͷ˶һ, , ǰʶ˹ˡ
СӾȻӲôã߯ʲôʱ֪ģ
¥Цóľµĳʳ, ڵشһһǰ, ˶, Ƿʵ, أ
۶ǰϲĵ, 꾩ֺţͷ˿ڲ衣
̫ˡ
©ۼݶԹ˵׵ģڸ֮ϸ΢ϲñѿơ
еԡ
ǰ¥Դĵģʱüⶼǳ°Եģ˹Ҳ𣿡
£ʳ, ʲôҳʲô
۾Ҳգ˵Żѣڴ仰ηӦ
ֻһѵζ𶹸
ЦһһҲһĳ˳ȥã˶ȥˣҲûţȵӡ
¥ԻǹЦȴɭɭвɲԵġ
һҲûҲԺӡûӦţ㴳õʹ졣
µģһ˵ĻҲûи¥ԣת¸״˹֪¥رԨ°ɣ㿴ˣȻԥͰرԨˣ˵˾ʲôö
¥ԣе㾪ŵؿһ۹£ȴûܴҵ仯ֻѹľӲҺرԨϣⲻ˶֪飿
ٺһЦֶԹ˵㿴Լ˾ôڮ٣ǲúܣ˹ɲҪƭˣ¥Կɲʲôְģƽʱֵ¡
¥ٿվЦյһɶһ˫۾ųԲѷĶ
¥ԵȻ֪Լϲɾ˵飬ҲԼߵ·
ǲøɸɾĹ֪
Ƶһüë¥Ը˵ضߣ˭Ҳ˭
Ų豭Ͼۿſ쵶⽣ӰҲû˹صҵνģ֪ǶΪҹ¶λƽʲôӪҶʲôϵ
¥֮ͻȻһ
⻰ȰܣϸһѰ˼ôôǼ
ͷѪ˼Ҵû
˭ƵصʺͰҺżʲôսˡ
Լлһ߳﷿ľѵصҡȥ
ϨŻǳɵġ
¥ԣ鼱֮·¶޳Ըӵ³ʵڲóˡҲȥ
ʵڲУͲһͬˣʻǡ
ߴȥԺ°²
ĿһɨǰһѺСͽɿؽϵм˸ɾ
ʸսžͿһĻɵýŲһ١
ûƼ͵ԣʱֻԺտյֻʣһˣҵ˼ٿһ»أôõһһرԨɽⲻ鷳ˣ
ȥһ˻ĳƺ±ˡ¡˼ؿһʡ
˲ԲǰǰӸȫûˡ
ųһСĹź̾˿
ûˣе
ҲãűҲٲˡ
µ̾Ϣʶһ٣ƿϵĺӣ˿ָ£ٳԵ㡣
˵꣬ذ¥Ķȥ⣬ٶȽ
ͬһҲرԨɽڱѹ´ߡ
ǰرԨûԹ¶֣͸ˡ
˵رԨȫȻԯ޵ԸȻμС
رԨֻҪƶºˣ;ԲԹ³ֵġ
ҪģȴѾ֪ҪƿжѦ
ɫؽ˵Ѹɵ۵¥ԺͶ˳ȥ
ʱϨ˻𣬵ûŪһͿ
ʵͷ¸ɴĹĬŲˡ
վͻȻڵãҰ㡣
ʼ򵥵ص˸ͷ·ϵľ
̲ס࿴ԼµһۣѵͲһرԨıȥ취ó
вƶºͬһˣ

Ҳȥʴתͷ޵ĹŮһۣӹòģ𣿡
ҧ촽
ȷʵˣ̫ȷŹ¾ϵһֻԷȻԵǵģҲԸټΪ𢡢Ȩڻʹеֻ
²ǵ˭ҲûϵԼǵñ㹻ˡ
˵£侲ʣҪʲô
ʱ򡣡˵³֮ǰֻҪԼ
룬ǵµ֮ǰʲôԣ
룬Ҫ
ƾʲôҾҪһһ죡ֲһ˵ģ
ʲÿɷ
̫С۶ˣʺϵ¡ֵøõˣŲġ
رԨʡ

Ѧ񣿡

¥ԣ
̲סܲҺõıȣ
ʣû˵
ӽһһȦûһܽȫģܹǲ˵ʲô
ʹļס
µһãôҲúµڶõЯֵϰɣôİĽ׷ߣһ޷ӵȱ㣿
һ鲼꾩ÿֺٿߵʱʱ˳˲١
رԨĶӣڻȾ
̲סĳ˵ǧرԨѧˡҪǺ̫񣬵һġ
ʵĶ˶١
ԼرԨսƣһ顣
µһμʱ¾Ѿϳݰɣ
ʼ˵¿Ǳſ̬ͬˣģͬԴ¥һ
УǷʱʱ̵̿رԨŶԱȣ
ͷһԺУҲ֮ȥ
һٹֵķꡢ¥Զ֮ϴϴһ룬̲סȥʹ£ҺرԨϲһ
Ȼش꾩еĻ̧ͷһۣôˣղųȥʱرԨ
ˡ
Ȼѹôɵ⡣
ʣ
̲䣬ɵͦɰġ
ʶû˵ڵȴĻش
¸ϽرԨôȣҵȻϲ㡣
Ϊˣʵɫֻɶһ˲䣬ʣǺѦأ
²ɵó˼š
ʣ                        
лҪ˵ʣرԨȣѦȣ¥Աȣȣȣ
£ϲ㣬˰ɣ
ʣáʲô

 25 

ֵһ軨, 桢Ӳݡòÿ, ܽġκ, ²ŵ, ѡҪֵĻҪͲܷġ
ʴ۾׽˼Ƭ̣, ڻˣ
Ҳżһˡ, ͹۵˵, ŻǵͻСǸλʮ꣬ܳ
עŹ¡
˵⻰ʱ, ϵıӸ¡
ʱ㰲ˡ
Ѧ軨ͱһ, ٱQҲQ
Ѧ˺ҲصԼʩʡ̫ù²ġ
, ȻѾ, ֻ˱Գˡ
ʸոתҪ, תһ벻, ±, ҺѦȣ
Цˣƫͷʣ곤ʿеݣȻҲǸϲˡ
ǣ˻Ρ
ɲصҵĴǰ, µһУͬûϵˡҪȸߵͣҲġ
ʵ߲ˣ˹°Ρ
»ĬŻȥˢ룬˭֪˰죬ŵҲǡ
˵ձһػ
˽֪ȥϴ룬֪ΪҪһɱȥˡ
һҡͷʧЦ
ʵĸ
Ȼ˳֡ǸŮǷ˲ŻرԨҩͷβرԨһȴʹƸ۵ġ
һһӾרһ£ѹرԨҲˡ
Ҳ֪ʵԸĸ׻ô
뵽һ룬뷨Ҳ൱ȤЦҡͷԼĨȥˡ
ʱʡ
*
¼ҸļԺڲʮʱȫˡ
Ÿһף˭֪Էת֣֮ŷԺӵ˾Ȼ¥ԡ
ҧгݣֻ˶һͷԶģ˭֪Ҳձ˸߼ˣ֪˭ʱ衣
Ѱķֻ֣ҪЩ·һ֪֣飬˭Ҳصϣ
쳯ù۾ָ
仰˵رԨѦ
ͷȥ˶һϼƣ˼·ڲصĻ
üû˵ϡ
һû˵ͶˣԷҪľ
ۣȴƶػ˭
㲻ѦҲرԨ̫
Ҫ䣬Ѧ񽫻Ȩ˶СǷܹ̫μͬǰƵƵˡ
˵رԨҲܼ򵥡
꾩ǣܵرԨƤӵ£ȫȻûҪ˽ӣÿս֪ر
ǻʹ֮УסرԨҲࡣ
ƷˣµԺҲס
Ѿ˺üգӹ¿лġÿÿ̲סε
˶ŵ㲻סΧҲöˣõʱ򲻳۵͵͵յ
⵹ҲãƵ˵ҼȻ꾩ǣҪġ
ʱһѹʵעŹ¡
£֪ʶȻͬ˵ʲôȴ֪˵ʲôŽСѾͷһһէġ
¿СһЩת˸⣬Ǽˣ
µСһЩʮˡ
ͶĶͬʱһ٣תµ
׻˵Ůʮ˱䣬ʮĹͬʮĹ￴ɲһġ
ԭΪ²ʮ꣬һŵšСЩǻҴһء
ȴֱڿ˵ǲóԶˣ˹￴ʮꡣ
ӵºݺݲ˶һš
ƺʽ˶
µϧˣ꾩жˣ¹ûϰ𣿡
˶ӣȴǰסĵطЩµ
ʵʲôί
ɽ𣿡Ҵǰû֣Ƕס꣬һƬ˽ܵĺء
ͨĴׯͱĴׯһؼԻҴϡ
Թв豭¶ȣ΢ֱָ̽⽫ӳߵˡ
ҲʵΪ紾ӣҺ⡣
Ȼǰסĵطָɽ壬ǼžĻʹ
̫๬Ůѵأ߶ʱûʲô졣
֮ɽͻʳͷ꾩Ƕ֡
пҲҪȥ̵ȡпˣһȥ
˿˵ɡ룬ʶʣ
һˮůıӷŻص˹
԰òãʡ
һۣûа
̾ҪһӴ󺰡ǰҼ͹ʱƼƫתǱбȥָֹ̧£ذҺԡ
ԼķԿʵüһ
ʴһ³Ͽҵı飬һֱΪѵ˵²Ϊ
߿Ľ˫۶Ҫð̹⡣
ԼСĴָϷţһѸ˻ȥ
ʹ
ǰĵͬ׽ģ⻹ʱСǸң
ȥ±С˲˵׽˻һ
ݺݵһ۵ĶѵͲΪʲôǰֲڻֲ
*
£ŵԺӣúˡ̫С
Ѧµͣһ£Ӧһֽ·ȥֻһ΢Ļ
̫û̽ӻĥһ֪ǲǸٸʵ۱Ҹ̨ס
һֻһʱȤֲټأ
̫˼ΪѵúܣһСı㴥ŭѦƬû˵
ʮ濴౾ѦƬ̺ͣ˶ɤӣʣʲôԺӣ
̫ࣺСؿһѦ񲻱ϲŭɫ˵ǹԺӣѹ£鲻ͬйء
ѦǲƵŶһ౾ʻ£ûʣʣȥˣ
̫δأر˵ǸͨԺӣǸɸɾģѾȥɨʰˡ
˵̫ҲѦסǶȥ
ѦɫһûȥԿô֪ܲסˡԶǽ
̫һһĥҪڵĻһתͱˣ˵öԣ˽ʣǷҪȥԺΣǲҪЩĶã
սսصͷ˰ΣͷһѦ񽫱ʷ˱ʼϡ
̫೤һ֪仰û˵
˵ȥ˺üգ¹ȻǣǸͬһģһŮ
Ѧ񽫱ʷ£Ƭͷɷظһ౾дһӣŵһй㿴Űš
̫ûֱӦǣ룬ټձǳһղ糯ɣұȥԺӣ
Ѧ̧̧ۣ㿴Űǣһһˡ
̫థһĵɲһһ˼

1000Ӹ

ȵ˳һյʱ, ̫Ѧ޹, ԭ̻ʵپְػ㱨һԼҪȥ, ˭֪һڱ㿴ѦѾɹŮźϴˡ
̫һ, Ͻͷ˸
Ѧһۣ, ˯, ˡ
̫Ѧϴ, ȴ¡ûۣһ, ҪձȥԺ, Źܻ¸ˡ
ѦһĦһɫ塣
̫ȴѦĻش
Ƭ, Ѧһƽ, ޽մҲ, ȥȱʲô
̫Ͻͷ, ϻ̳ϿֵسԼ˱˿, ָϽ˼źѦˡ
ϣѦ۹Ůеͭ
ǵʵ۾ˣüĿڻЩ֮ɫʲô鶼¶һЩ
رԨþӸλ֮˶ˣǺڸǡʶġ
ͬ˵, Ҳû˸ǰ޵ķʸ
Ѧһ˼ʴ̫࣬ûпʼʽˣ
̫ҪѦ䣬һ㶣ЦʱǳѧôʲôȨǱԼ⡣
͵ûش
ѦҲ֪̫಻Ҷ˵滰ͷ屻ҵ䣬ָ˸䵭ص߰ɣҪˡ
һʱʵ۲ϳϵĺî˾Ѧżʤ䷳
һ죬̫ѦҲһͬ׼־һӦȫһƫƧĹֱӱ뿪ˡ
һ·ϣѦʱʱ⿴ȥ
һнʲôط꾩ǵİǷð
Ѧ뵱ûʵۡ
뾡취жȨ˴ĵطͷ򣬱ĳȫ
̫ǰͷ̽·е־ر˵ºǰŸճϽ֣ﲻɵÿһ£Ͻȥţ˻ˣٻرѹҧгݵصµأ
ţ̫첽ȥԣʾ֭ίصǷȥ¹õԺ￴
޳Ϊ⣿Ѧ֣Դ̫Ķһʺܲͷ
̫ûҰѹ²ڵϢ˵ڣֻһƬ̣ȹºʻתáǨ˳µȥݷùˡ
ɵȵ¹õĺԺѦۻؿһȦ¶ˡ
̫ʵ۵ĿƵĽԼϣɵ亹乵ؽøӵˣ£ⰴ˵סģȥݷýַھҲϰףҶˡ
Ѧ𽵹صȻпգ˳ȥݷˡ
̫ԽˣֻǲɣСӺ͹˹һȥˣһʱ»ز
Ѧ񣺡
̫ӲͷƤʣ½͵УȺȺ裿
˰ΣѦһԲȥˣŸҶؽԼͣãȥˡ
һ裬̫һ渹̣˭ҳһţһ첻óţƫƫǻʵ죬治ʶ̧٣
*
һʮ糯ӣ쳯ٹٳ֮⣬ҪɣҲڼҺú˯һ
ةرԨҲˡ
ةฮĹܼ緹ʱĿرԨۣ̲סү´˳ˡ
رԨӦû̧ͷ
ºСסĵطȥˡֲܼ䡣
رԨζ࿴˹ܼһۣ£Ҹô
ܼҸرԨ꣬仰Ҳú£ѯʵ±ϾСǰֶ˹ָһʱʧˣǲ˿ŵ㣿
Ѿ˶ˣ
ܼҭһ£үղҲϳҪҪ
³ţȥرԨش˹ܼҵ߶ȥϸϡ
븮͹µԺǼֱˡ
ܼ̾˿ȥ
ȳź˳رԨʳ£¥⼸ʲô
³ĬƬ̣ǿԼ˱СӵİС
Ҫıǲ˷Լ١
ǰ¥ȴԺܣν˰ơ
˵գرԨҪ¥Ե˭֪رԨһ㲻˵Ҫס
˵һֱϷ¥ԣ¹عºʣرԨҲȥ¥Եľٶ
Ҫ˵¥ǶܣôҲûУǾҪʱ䵱ְˡ

͵طӦ˹
¥Ƕ֣ڣټԭȾͰʲԶİǣѦС֧־ȥҲ·硣
⵽Ϊ˱ʣΪ˱£
ֲֹ
壡Ļѹ˳˼ˣ˵ϳȥˣүǲҲǶȥ
һͷѯһرԨ
رԨǰûͬԼãɴҲǺġ
˵˵ǽհҲС
رԨ˼Ϣǵȥ
ӦǱת·ߡ
ϲһסʹЩĳǶԭһ·Ƨȥɵͷһ󣬱ֵˡ
ĹԱʱʱϽߣ㲻󡪡Ͼ꾩Ĵٹ̫ˣӰѶӶġ
رԨ¶
һúÿͷ׷̫ۡ
رԨĸнķüְѸղ˵˽˻ʲôط
ˮԷ￴š˵Ƭо͵ˣ·
ĸܾԼƺʲô飬һѰҲûֻܻðȥôñ
ͣµʱĸ첽͸رԨŲһΧȺǷ졣
ˮԷšԱߵȥˣүӲֵطҽǲ䵽˸ᣡ
ĸ˵¡
ͷİɣУǰɸһˣ©ӵġؿڱ֤
ŤͷһۣҪ˵ͼرԨѾƿתӭȥүˮԷС
ˮԷôһֱ쳯ķ֮أʿĵط
رԨΣæҲû˿ա
ǵϵʱҲԲμһˮԷĻʦۻᡣ
ǴξۻȻд˶ĻֻһҲûܱ߻±
Ѧֻ֣ò̫ȫرԨ˸β
رԨϱӭǰŻ׵ĺֺǺǵ֪ҪңһţһˣʵڶԲס
޷رԨ
ڡˮԷĸֵ£ϵһͷҪȥ֮ǰͻȻеͣͷһۡ
ԷĽֵֵúܣرԨͷʱȴƫƫӽֵĲԶͤͤ
¡
رԨŽͷڲۣȴ··ʲôƵ̧ͬߡ
رԨĿһƱסࡣ                        
лҪ˵ģд̿ͣȫһʣ
ĸ⻹̿ҿʹ죿
*
ǧÿ~ּӸһ¡ѨȻû~
ĺˣ

 27 

˵Ķֻôһۡ
ºܿȻת, ̧ͷͬüӲĿ˵ȥˡ
ֻǴɴɨӹûرԨԼڶñڵ治Ƶġ
ûС
رԨ۵Ϣ, ؿڲٴ
ϲظ, ࣿ
رԨת赲ϵ, ˶࣬ȥ˵
ϲֺǺǵؾԷˡ
رԨĸرԨһ, ȴųһ
֪ԼʲôˮԷⷽ, ڹºס
꾩ô, رԨأôСżʣȴǸˡ
ýʲôԵ֣
ĸ亹Ѹپ˶, ȥСӵİ
һ, ˸ϽӦߡ
ĸ˶񣬲ſ첽ˮԷȥ, ׷رԨĽŲ, Ĭػԡ
*
ڽϼرԨʵǹ벻Ĵɡ
رԨʵʵ, ҲܴζرԨϳ
֪ԼǱװûرԨ, ö֮ͬڲӰеرԨһ۲뿪
ʲôҪرԨǰܵģ
˭, رԨ㡣
¸ջʱѾӺס۾ۣ
±һñʷסת˸Ц, ˡ
ޱػסºףעرԨӰʧˮԷֿǸģߣü
Ҳµôʶˣ
ΪǿŲ֪Ӻζ룬ʲŻ͹һ١ٶżرԨͬɰ룬ҲпһĽ
šʳ˵
ʵҲǸԺܾòŵˡ
꾩ôգǵһСԺš
ɣҪһۻ᲻òȥȫȻģѡ˴Ź³š
⴦סѾ֪λãϴαѦץס˿϶ôطһͬĴ
˭֪Źһţӭײ鷳ˡ
תһǰѹһڼżرԨǸֵ龰ʱü
ع϶Ҫ졣µ˵껰궫ȥˣġ
Ӧ侯ĿˮԷɨһۣת»˽ֵڲٵķ
ҪĶò࣬˺ܿ췵̻صԺûκβۡ
ǰŸսԺԶ־ɿȥϢ˴̫Ķ
ݵõĴ̫ʱһ񣬿첽ܵѦԣ¿Ʋˡ
ѦŲյָһ
һŽ˵Ĳյŵϣֱ촽ͷƽԼ°ϵ壬϶
̫ƷѦԺߣпʼһŹµ˵ǡ
ϴμʱ˵⴦ԺӣôҲ˳±࣬˵ڸ˲Ժӣ˳ͬסýǡ
̫ڹдþˣе˷űࡣ
ǿһƽģ˭ƽͬһ
̫⿴һ˿淴֮ˡѦ񡪡Ҳͬġ
ֻ߰˷ƣǵҲٲ档
ƫƫǳʮʮƣ̫֪²ҲûȫȻֿ
ѦԹ˵ػĳ̫Ҳ󲻳
нţ̫һеûģȵ˹Ժǰֹס
ѦͣסŲʱŽյԺţһ˿ԥ
뵽Լϴκʺãȴºԥع⣬Ƕİ˵̬ȽѦʮѿί
ʱǻʵܣŹʱӡ
ⶼûʲôãûʵ۱»ǹԹԳ˱Ÿ
ǽҲһ֮⡭
ѦָͽȻһתߵĳ嶯
֪رԨôа취̵סֻһΣ֪رԨôа취̵סʮ겻˵Լĸһ
̫ȴ֪ѦֻǺϴһԼţǰԺš
Ժ˵𽥽ӽĽŲ
̫õЦݣһҪʺãһ䡰˹ߣȴʵ˻ȥ
ޱɨѦʹ̫࣬ʲô£
ףⲻǸļ𣿡̫˵ϴҼ·˴͹йһ֮ԵڸԺӣŶǽڣк
˵Լϴ˴ʱ˺ûʿԼ
ϴμٰرԨµ±ҪҴˡ
ʵѦϡ
̫ⷬĽڷֱӴѦݡ
⴦˼Ϊ˹¶
༸ݶˣرԨʲôҲϵá
ΨʣµһѦ
ѦͬʶһЦһʣ۵ģ
ѦͬҲڹ۲ʣʼղҰ䳤ܺرԨᲢۡЩвҲ΢
Ѧ䲻ȵ˵˹Ƿڼң
俴һۣ㡣
Ѧüһ䡰˻ȥ
²ǻʵۣ⻰˵Ҳûá
ۿ־ҪţѦԸǰҪӲ
ʸǳصģ֪Ѧ񡢵ʵۣҲԥس֡
Ѧ书һĹͱʻ˸ţǰʶϵرԨ硪οʵһֱھ
̫ЩȥܲǰʽۿžҪʵ۴зϵһС
û֣̫ײ˸ţʱǰһڣһҽС
֣ɿţҽô¡ּѦ
Ѧż϶ʹһ̫ජסʵƾʲôҼ
طˡԴֱ׼񣬡ôˣֲ
ѦԼǰҲˣ˶˸ǰ֪ɱֵҪ̵ס֣Ҳܻʶ
ʲô˼Ѧ۾ɫʣ˭ģ
ʣ׿ڸҵģ˵Ҳš
Ҫ㣬رԨҲסѦв
ԭҪ˦Ѧϣְ·ͣ˶Ѿ˹´Ӻͷ߽ĽŲ
رԨǲû㣿ѦʮյʣֻǸ֮˵
ո˵꣬ʻͷһۡ
ƫͷļ϶УѦҵؿ˹µ

 28 

ͷҽʱ, ʵϳ˭ˡ
ôҲ߸˶̫֮һ, ʱ, Ҳûô졣
̫ǼٶԳ, һ빬湬й˰ܸЩȵȡ
ⶼˣǶ֡
ٵ˫ȭѵ, ±ű߿һۡͿѦʴ۵С, ̫ڵŶӴ
ſ, ʱ·Ƶתͷһۣüһ
¶ʱǵѦϾС˼
ʵԼǲôѦһ붾ҩģΪǼѦ׼ȥġ
֪ԼӣɴཫԼҲ˸ó
ܹ²Լ, ĸȴƽ, ȻҪԴѦ
ǰºЦʵֱ۰, ſһԲѦ, ۹ӡ
ֹ̫ͣش, ӵ̧ͷ˹һ, ĬĬŶ, ԴĿһѦı顣
Ѧ񲻶ɫȭ󣬡ּˡ
תۼ̫͵͵ȥղŵ˵ϵƷ֪Ѧ͵¥ͬһڵš
Ȩ֪ЦЦ, ʲô£
ѦȨοڣѾֱ˵صڣڲѷӲš
žһ¾ȫѦϡ
ѦʱôָȥͬرԨƵ٣ѵĻߣȴû˵
ΪԵؿ˵ˡ
Һʳ꾩ٹǵĹأƷ֪ģϲˮµ
ѦŭȶԼ˻ȥ
ûԲʵǸװ׵ظʳ
ǰѦʱҲܹġ
ǰ̵ģȴ˶汻ˣоȫȻͬˡ
ⲻǻĽ̵˳
ֻ֪رԨһ
ѦɫתϣҳԲѷأ
¿һۣ治ɫڵҲ۹е
ûУѦŭʲôˣֵҶ࿴һۣ
Ҳ룬۹ӿűǸͷˣҲŭʵûҪͬҺַھӡصʺõġʲֵ۹Ӷ࿴һۣҲһȻᣬ˺㲻ټˡ
ѦŹ¿ϢһһٵشＷԼǸˣ
ҵǾõ±ˡָصֻϣҲô롣
Ѧϸ÷ģһŵĴ̫Ҳôá
ɴ̫ƬûȼѦСĵ̧ۿ˿¡
ѦĻ𷢲̫ҲȫȻ⡣
Ͼµ޲ϥһȥߺݼء
Ѧֻһ˫˺Ѫ˿۾Լȴ˵ٶû£㲻۹ˡ
һʵۣȥˣôܵߴ˰ҲǸʲô¶
Ѧ·Ը뿪ģʲ¶ɫؽְ߲λá
ѦԤǸ
Ѧһ֮˺ҪȥҲǲܵ顪Ȼ಻õĺѦֻҪһУõġ
˺Ѧ浶ǹ׼
Ѧۿ̵˼£ȴֻǺ޺޵ؽɺߴӹתˣȻͷ뿪ıӰѹŭ
ʿѦԶ־ţͷȻĹһۣˣ
ˣȻʧЦҿųģ֪¡
ȥһˡʵ
Ҳᡣ̹Ȼ֮·ƽ̹ңֻǵǷ˺·ȥһİʯˡ
ʣù¼ôΪɡ
ü⿴һۣѦõʵۣŸǺߣкܳһʱ䶼ˡ
ϣ̵³֮
*
Ѧ뿪µСԺʱһܰŭȻع֮ɫȴԽ̻ˤ˰ͷֽ
һһԵĴ̫ŵô˸
Ѧش˼Ծûܽŭѹ
ǼǰǸûȨļٻʵˡ
Ǹղ룬СԺſܷܶ顣
ȴʲôҲûз
ֻΪôȻİسѦһӵĻŰһҲ˵йȥ
̵ְֽʱʲôҲֻôһۣŵûӲ·춼ԼԴһ
Ӳ𣬹Ҳֻĵؽڶ飬ѦҲʼռǵָܡ
һջʧ
ʧ֮飬ֻǳڹ۵ףҲѦ޷ܡ
ǰЦŭرԨһȴرԨͬһ飡
Ѧ˰ΣϣԼŭ
Ƭ̺һԲĴ̫࣬ǽȥʲôط
̫һ⣬û뵽Ѧٶ͹ص飬Ƥֻһٱر£ǶȥһУЩѰú㷵ˡ
Ѧ֪ʲôòʣرԨأ
̫亹̾ͳˣСĵص˵̡ͬ
һնŹµ飬йȥעرԨĶ
Ѧص
иĻᣬرԨ᲻һ飿ĪǸӣ
½ؾ֮⣬ôǲһ̬ȣ
رԨأǲƾһͷ꾩Ůİ׷Ļ֮
̫ͷƤһɿǳȥһˣʱ䤱۵ģµġ
ɬ촽£ȷʵǳͬ£ϳȥˮԷڻԷһۡ
ʽȥһεǸԷ
̫ӲͷƤǡ
Ѧʡ
£С̫˵⻰ҲҴˡ
׼һǶڵصˡ
Ѧһʱû˵Ĭãϲŭѱʣˣ
Ӧûš̫Сĵؼ˵ˣйԼòҲδȥˮԷô󣬱ǲҲδϵó
ѦЦһ
ƽЩĦԼֱߵùͬʽмƣܷſ˵
̫˵֧֧һ̽ŵƥ䲻ϵġ
Ѧÿɷһ
ʵۿŲҪŭļƣ̫׳׳˵˵ϰͬúܣҲˡ
ֻû˻ỳɹµݡ
ƣѦظʡ
̫ûˣͷʵʵص䣬ֱǳˣ׾Ʋĵط
Ѧһ޿Ҳǡ
̫仰Ǹʲô˼ĥΣʵʣǱ£¹õԺӣһȥװţ
ѦõɨһۣװʲôԺѵȥǸ
̫ࣺ̫ĺѡ

 29 

չ¶Ѧ񲻸, Ѧûٳֹ
ÿÿѦߴ̫ȻٰرԨ̽, ÿÿжѦһ֡رԨĳǸһ֡
رԨ֪͹´ɽ嶯, ȴǽ꾩֮ûӴ
˵رԨǸ˵, ⻰мֵ
ҲرԨѡ
µʱָؼδŹһŵܡżرԨӰ
ż׼ȷ֮, ֱһɵˡ
رԨͬ»һλҲû˵, ͬԵһ˵ļҲʲϲ
ͬ, ǿ֪ٺйصľ£ѦرԨ¥Ե˵ʶҲ
ҲûͨرԨͼǸɶص˿Լ¶üĿ⣬ʲôã
лҪ˵, ָʻȥˡ
, رԨֿʼӴ򲻳һƨˡƵ˵ѦôӲ, Ҳ̲ס͵͵, ôرԨô̡ûԼ
ʵ֪ԭġ
رԨһһм, , ǲǡ
֮, رԨΨһһܽ¡ֿ͡ˡ
ҲһҶĿһҲرԨһ¾뾭ѵ뷨ҲõرԨѦһ֮õͷ
رԨԼԼµ
Ѧ˵ż鶼ôáƵ˵, һԼβͼеÿɽˣ̫˵ԹԼի˵Ҫ
Цһĺͽ
ɫҲЩڽûʽ͡
ģ֮صʱ˹¡
νصѦɱңҲ̫ʹԭ̫˵¹һ仰ҺѦֻܻ֮һˡ
ΪԼܻȥɱ㣿
Ҳԭеһˡɫ죬±䣬̫и׽Ȩ鳼Ǽ鳼ڱķˣ̫Ҳһбõ֮һ
ʹ֪鳼ѦǻһͱرԨֳȥʱĲ١ǰźһС鳼˸ӡ
ܹȥˡ
ʳ˼Ƭ̣ٿʱȴǸɵĻ⣬Ҫˡ
½ʳϡƽص˸ͷ
ʶˡһ볤¶ȴǰ򵥶ˡ
ճȥʵ
رԨˣü
á
̧ۿЦˣôƭˡҪˣ
üĿʮþȡ
ΨһɵĲȷڸֿܷ֮ϡ
*
³գٹѾ൱ϰ߰ٹ֮׵Ĳˡ
յ糯൱ݵ飬ҲϰߵԤϺˡ
ڰٹٶԣǺûκһ³š
ɶЩ˶ȴвͬ
رԨîʱ׼ʱ˯ȴȷԼǸԸ˵ǸῪͬǰһ
ߺǰ꣬ǰߣ꣬ĶǺߡ
һʼмرԨ⣻ɺʼͬ˵رԨĿǰһ
ЩԼߵñʵԶ֪㣬ǲӦġ
չΣ˽رԨҲиݵʱ
رԨ۾ʱĲǴվةฮУǰһˡ
ÿΣǰȴͬ
ܵһľڱջˣ
رԨһ첽ȥ
ƽةฮһˣرԨһ·ȥûӰ
ʼɣڲԸټҲͬһ޷ˡ
˼սةฮ鷿֮С
ܽ鷿رԨǰƮȻȥ鷿ļ𣬺ûԼˡ
ţؿ꣬ʲôҲβŻؽ֪˶õǿ˳¡
תͷһۣصټôǱ
Ϊ²ˡ
Օiĳĵƿߣ˵ⱾΣΪһò𣿡
رԨմ
޷׽޷޷ƵģҲرԨ־һ㡣
ѰùΡϽһЩ±ܽ˿þĶѰ࣬ȴûκһа취³֮
ΣرԨ֪Լʲôʱ
ΪǻǣȴԸ⽫ȥ
֮ĽޣرԨֻƾԼȥ˽ؽ쳯ô¡
رԨԼΣҲһоֹǷġ
䳰ȷٴɫǴųһӲ׽ܡҲȥһ硣
̫ͬҽԺѦ˵ⶼΪ̫һԸĻþˡ
ֻ֮رԨʣãá
븡ڿеŤͷӺݵ۵״ųѲ໹а׹ͣ
رԨ治ɫһֱѰ޹ֻǴ԰ˡ
˵ǰһķӣرԨҲ֪ǲġ
ȻôԼˣ
ⲻ͵ˡҪܱһҳеi˵ǰᣬαض࿴װҵ۾
رԨûĻϰˡ
ةرԨǰ˾֪
ʵУҲһͬºرԨ˵
ĿȻȤسת˹ж񣿡
ͬҳĵ±޶¡
üǸʲô֣
رԨ˶٣һʱûڡ
ǰ˵֣Щ
ǵй¡
һڣرԨͿɫ΢΢ãһ˲䣬ǾȼĻͻȻ紵ҡ
¡ظһ飬һ飬¡
رԨ˹ȥͻسЦһ¡
Ц˵ʲôζرԨͬͬ꾹Ҳһʱûֱ⣬һͻƴʲôȥĻء
һ̣رԨǰһƬڰ
۾ϤĴ
رԨԼֻһСʵ鿴ʱʱѾʱ
ϸϸؽеһϸڻһ飬ʱ¶Īɫ³Żܼҽ
ܼûϵرԨѵ磬߷Ը˸Ͻ׼ʳ߸ϵرԨǰү
¡رԨȥʲô
ûͷûּˣܼȻһͷˮͷȥˡ
رԨѵԼסԺ֮ת˺üȦĸظϵ밲ү
˵
ĸûһϻɴصС½һţ˹ڽͻȻ˹ȥѴ˴ȥ
رԨٿ̧ۡ                        
лҪ˵ʣϵҵ
*
ĺ~

 30 

ȥ̫ҽԺҽ, Ҫ̫ʱ, ɴȴԼĸҽֱԺ, һһǧ˿ֻŵĳ
Ůҽº, ȴ¶ɻãȻ飬λֻЩ, һʱιȥǽϢò, ֻ˼, 嵹ûʲôģչﲻ̫ġ
ܲģŸҽ˰βÿҩ
ҽߺĵü, , Ѱʱ̫ҽԺǰ¿λԺٿһܷ
һʿе֪, ȻۿŹһֱ״, ͻȻһεɽˡ
ոҽŮѾҽ൱, ʱȴõľʲôë, ôܽ£
Ͼ̫ҽԺ̫ҽеҽ, Ҳû뵽İ취
ֻһ𽥱ǲԭļͿ塣
µ̫ҽԺҲȻ˵õǸʲô־ôΡ
Ѿʧȥ˳һأΪ֢ԭʧȥµڶˡ
ǵؿһڴͷ鲻ΪĹһֻۣõȻһأȴͬǰһģһ, Լ¶
᲻öԹ·ֻתʣʲôʱ֣
ڿҽŮµҩԼصѾʼˡ
ɫһ࣬飬رԨȻѾ֪ˡǹģ
˵⻰ؿ˿µı飬̫ȷǲҲ֪ʵļƻ
̧ۣĵصҲͬһġ
ֻǰصúãûرԨ߷ֹȴ⽫͸¶رԨ
⼸˵º֮ôһ˿ϵˡ
ƻ˵ùȥģҲرԨϹϹֻǵһˡ
²ؼĹ£ֿʣʣġ
¿һǰһȥ̲סЦ
һӣѹ˵ô죬رԨ϶Ѿ֪ˣʲô
رԨҡ˵ȥ
룬ȷʵرԨȻأ
һŹºĹؼ
ôرԨôƭ
֪쳯һֱѰҩʵ
էţ༰Ļü󷽵سϣģд˵һܾȻ֮ˣҲģһֱңһ˿ҲûС
ûأʡ
ƽȴһƤٿػͷڿһۣŻͷʣҪôƭرԨ
ԡûʲôȥƭرԨϹõİ취ˡ
þԼ뵽ֶΣʼûҵرԨһ뾿ôá
˵ǰͻȻѪܼͬʹ࣬ǽ֮ƣʲ֪ùȫȻָ
Ѿӹµĵܵܣĸ磬ֹصȥ
Ǵ״Ϸ״ԽԽ࣬һΣ
±տڲ̸Ҳ֪ȥһЩ鲢δ̹ס
Ψһͻƿڱǳһε
һ֪ʲôԼ֪顣
Ŀǰĵλλعʦйص鱨رԨȴͨһʻøѶϢ
һֻ˳Ե侲˲٣ôҲóȥʲôˡ
ȥ̫ҽԺܿرԨʵͷ
رԨܱܿܿѦγ¶Ƥӵ¡
Ҫȥ˵ݵԽԽԼƶϡ
͵͵ȥҽ¿뾡취رԨټϹ³һյͻȻε㹻رԨۡ
ٽţʱ㡰˳¡ȥرԨͷرԨܲȫһȷϡ
ֻҪرԨбһϣҲ©֮Ĵ滳ɣҲȻᰴ˵ȥѰйصһС
ͷ˼һ֪ôҺرԨ˶
ԭȥƲ̽ѦǷҲǿɰ룬һ˵Ҫɰ뾿;ȹʲôϵƭֱԵòôˡ
ѦڶεʱԭŴ򶷵Ļһģ˭֪ûûֻ˹µѦˡ
û뵽
ԭΪѦԹǰ޽ӡޣѦһ֪ʵΪӡ
Ǻ۾ûѦ۾ÿǸίĺӼҳܿƵġ
ʺɹҪǸɫѦָʹȥˡ
Ѧꣿʻ̲סʹ¡
»Ƭ̣̫ȷص»̫·ʱǻˣִȵگʱжʮˡ
ʣ֮úͱ˼ĸӲࡣ
⻰ֻ˵˵
ΪѦСꡣ
ҲҴˣ»Ƭֵ̣丸ĸӿ治ףȵΨһ̳ˣҿ±·
ʵⲻ·
쳯̫ƽҲһòˡпϵس꣬˶٣һ䣬ֻγ̫Ӧ֪һûΣɴЩ˱óȻЩ³çˡ
ʳĬƬ̣صȻµҪɱ㣬Ȼκ˶û
´˼һʵ˵ˣ߽Ҳýֹçײ
˭ʵ
Цһ£˵ʵҲ¶ġ
ǰУһ֮µرԨУλѦͬҲС
ǻǲʵ۵ĺáͻȻ˵
µͷͬ
ڹñǰáһֳ˵
³һۣ֪ôľ;ʵһѯֻ˲ʾķʳ
˼Ƭ̣Цȷʵȴǰң
ΪָġòʵδΪЮǸˡ
֮ǰѽһжˡ
ֻǹ¡ص˵꾩˶ĹˣҲصһỳǰӡ
ζ˵ϾʱȻ߸ϡմȨȴ֮С
£Ц̧ͷʣʲôҶ̴
תȷϡ                        
лҪ˵ȸһ_(:١)_ʣ¡
쿪ʼʱ䶼ǹ̶Ͼŵ㶨ʱжϾŵ䡣
ǰһĺ~µۺϷ

 31 

ԺоԼճžٿ˻
ҪϬô࿴һ, ϶ֻᷢдǡ˳šĸ֡
, ոճû, ͽȥ̫ҽԺֵԺоЩȽ˸ˮ
µƿ, ûüɿզզĺӴԺХ޶õشˮһǰһ׷ȥˡ
ԺиûüԶЩ, ͱˮһ
ԺУǽЩĹٷ
˭֪һջ᲻ͻȻʲôȥ, һ˵Ĺٷɼˡ
ԺֻűӵͷؼҰѹ׵ľɹٷҴҳϴ, һ·Сȥ̫ҽԺǳһӡ
һӱҲʲô¡
ƫԺʹѰԺûѰţȻظԺпٺ»ԻСʹ롱
ոտʼ, Ժбһӵûй, ý̫ҽԺڿҿҵصֵ
ʱ仹磬дԱйܼҴҽ, ͷ󺹵˵̫岻, Ժһ, ֪һȽſ϶ֵȥܵˡ
ҵĴܼ, ҵﶼǹԺпġ
Թرҩܼ, ׼Ժл浣ĻһСٲȵڶˮӡ
ûеٷˡ
Լǵ̫Ĳ飬ߵúܿ죬ԺбҡеͷΣʱܼŽ, ҲûԼǲȥ̫Ժӡ
ԺзԵʱѾһ̤һСԺվǰˡ
һε꾩һ˲ԲؿʣԺУþò
Ժжʱһ亹
⣬һòˣ⡣
ռҼǸù٣ԼĺͿȴһͷˮĵ޲ţֻһŮԼæȢ˵ڶӣ񽻸˼ޡ
λׯţȴһֱѹһ󲡣Щ̫ҽԺȥŽⷢ
ռҼĪޣԸȢ
Ҳ֮ӵиʮһꡣ
ԺУǵ걻ȥβͬԵҽҲ̫ҽԺΪֲ֪֮һ
궼Ҳܾİ취ССԺҲǨŭһӡ
ߺǼûԺд档
ԺǿҲǿİˣڼŮͯƽϱҹˡ
ϾߺѦرԨһĶٴɫԺе̬ºˡ
͵һžҪҲģԺжʱѦرԨλһСС̫ҽԺԺʲô
Ժв˰亹չյͣ
רġҪЦЦص֪ԺʵܽҶ꣬Ҳһס¡
Ժ⻰ǹģپ飬չ˼ǣ
Ժһ˰ɡתǽ彫ȥҿһˡ
Ժ˿ĵǿ
ֻҪڣ̫ҽԺҽѵܳ鲻ֵôСֹ
뿪ӺԺпǰŮһھֵĭºջԼǰĸ̡
ֵôСֹ
оҩʯ꣬һй춼ҽŮͬƵףԺҲ̲סͻͰ͵ʣ£
ǹ˹˶٣ֲ䣬귽
Ժػͷ˿õĽֿͣ˿վһԴͷβû˵ʣ¡۵ûҶ࿴ûǵӡ
˹ǰЩͻȻεˣҸҽŮ˵ûд󰭣ʼղ̫ġ֪Ժеҽãһۡ
Ժǧʣʲôû˵
ΪһҽҪʲô
ϣβҽ
Ϲ˵ּԺûٷϻСĽظ
ȷʵҽտһʼеţ̲֮̽ס࿴˹ۣ˹ȷʵʮˣ
ûڣʵʲôԣ
ԺһۣٶסûʺرԨʲôϵ룬ҹ۹˹ĹԼĪʮңƺЩ
˳ǱȳЩЦŵ
ǰ˵ҲˣһڣԺֲش
ɲ˶ѧġ
뵱꣬꾩ﻹһѧƮƮ˵ķ糱ΪǶʩЧ㲻֮
תȥרѧϰĴױˡ
⵹Ҫ˵ҵ忴Żã
ԺôͲҪˣҲû˵ü˼Ƭ̣ʣ˹ͻȻε²ǵһ˰ɣ
ÿһΡʴΪ
ɶͬһʱ򣿡Ժ׷ʡ
ǡ
Ժֵͷ˼
ںʲôƵģβ̧ͷ˵ҿҽ飬ȷԷĲ֢Ҳк޹ɷĲ֢һһȡҲԭʣ벢㲻һֲ
ʲôʡ
쳯϶ˣиյĵطϽԺ˵֪λɷ
ȴơ
ԺҲеؿʣλ˵öԡϽƣǵĹƳֶвͬãЩ컨׹ͬһ㡣ȥϽһЩƳ棬ȴ֪ЩŲǿѨ硣
˼ǣ˹ϱ˹ƣüʵ
ԺеͷҡͷΪϸؽ͵Ƴĸһͬ²ЧͨĸƳǷֿµģ˹йƳÿʱεǹƳ淢ӡҲ˵ԵһֻƳ棬˵ϣҲǻġ
ֹؽתʡ
Ժе⻰УѾ²ǰ˵رԨܾȹ¡ʲôˡ
رԨܱܿһֻƳ
ҵǸˣʣҵˣô
вԺأҶԹƳ֮˵Ҳֻ֪һϽǴ̫⣬ѧĲƤë֮Ƴǧ֣֮ⷨͬŪ˹ֵʲôƳ֮ǰóȻ֡
Ժ˵ЩڸֱϽЩǰĻ䣬üͣ˺һ
Ȳشߴ٣Ҳأ
˹Ȳ֪Ƴ涨Ȼ˹ϵġԺмᶨ廹ϵˣҵ¹֮ˣͨƳ֮ˣз⿪˹ơ˹ε֮⣬ɷʲôĲ֮
ԣ²ɵ̧ۿ˿ʣӲǲ˵ЦЦƩ磬ұ㳤ñȱЩ
ͬʶˣ»Ǵǰģ
ʱ·𱻶ˡ
˵ɲ꣬ԺҲöʣһȥٷһϽصҽҵʲô취תչ
ԺбԼùˣɴ̫⣬վһû
ǹẰһԺгȥˡ
շתص̫ҽԺԺֻԼ⿲һҲýˣ˭֪ɫƻ뿪̫ҽԺʱڻؼ·ֱ˸סˡ
һرԨĸޱԺУү롣                        
лҪ˵ԺУؼҡ

 32 

Ժй֪꾩ûʲôرԨ۾, û뵽⻰˵˵ѡ
ܶԷ˵Ҳ㲻ð, ԺȻԼǱһ·Ѻ͵ةฮͷ
ǵǸС, ʵڲ顣
鷿ʱ, Ժ˿żشˡ
˲ض񡣡رԨдһ, ̧ͷ˵ȥ, 
رԨϺɫ, ԺҲҵģֻ˰ӣսսͬһֻȡ
Ҳôв㱣ܡرԨһڱ㽫ԺŵͷƤ飬֪, Ҳ֪ɳ
Ժһһ, һӵĹ㿪ʵǸꡭ
ҵĶӡ
ⳡϲ, Ժпܻŵһ
ƫƫرԨǰ
Ժ˿ڿˮ, ûҽӻ, رԨġ
Ҳ֪ǰͻȻڽε, ȻżرԨĵظԺнǰ, Ϊ
ԺбǺܳɵġرԨʵڽ˵Ķ˵ˣûʲôġ
ȻûùرԨ
¹ٵĿ˹˹Ƴ档ԺнԹµ˵Ļظһ, һĽ۵Ƴ治Ѱ֢ҩչ˵Щ״˹˹ΣҪܲҵ¹֮ˡ
رԨһһѯ˼ϸڣŵÿ귢һΣͬһ죿
ǡرԨ̬ƽԺеĻ㽥̽˹Ĺʮ꣬ȴ˵ԼӦʮˣǹƳӦҡ
˵⻰ʱԺƺرԨɫһ䣬ϸȥʱةȻŲɫס
ҵһֻƳ
ԺΪѵüʵҡ۹˹ֹ֪֮òϲʾ촦ֻĸƳһģһʱһӦҲό겻Ŷԡ
رԨ۸Ħϵֽʣ̫ҽԺϤƳ𣿡
ԺгʵҡͷϽһΪܣ¹Ҳ߰ǰȥһˣšҪ˵úǣ̧ͷһرԨıż˵΢֪һЩױȲЩϽˡ
иͽܡرԨ
ԺɻʦȷʵϽ̵ֻ꣬һȻʲô۾һȷдˣش˵Ǽͳɣ
ʽչһӣ̵һұ㽫ʦš
󾪲žޣ˶һʱѾ㹻ǵѧ಻Ϊ֪Ķˡ
ԺеȻҲ˵ˡ
ͳ֮Ժкܿü˲Ѿ뿪꾩ȥˣ
ܱûáرԨΣվ
ԺиϽ˫ִߡԴرԨһ·ߵԼߡ
ĸO@
رԨƽؽֱʵͷٿһ۴
ԺƵΪرԨҲ̧ͷһȴرԨѽСۺⶼ¶˳ãȻɨһۣش˵ǡ
ڰ·㱻Լ˻ȥ
Ժвصɴ۾һʱԼرԨļɵη壬ʶץסرԨֱۣս˿ǿʺɰ룬дʣش£شˣ㣬ҿɾҪΪǸҵȥһͼÿˡ
رԨһԲԺ˵
Ժ£ϲظرԨ͵˵붼Ǻںɫģʺ뱾ͺУУҲش㹤ʺ죬Ҫô͹Ҫôģģ㲻ûǲ֢Ԥסشɰ롭
Ժвĵִ£ֱرԨֱϵƤ˲ŷ
󵨵һкԺв̧ͷرԨı飬ǲڨЦԼĻ硣
·ɰȥƵģ̫Ѱˡ
رԨԺһ
Ժеҽ̫ҽԺжģ˿һƷҲû˵ȻֻǸԺУԲԸйϵ
˹ֲ֮ԺҪҽҽ
ֲܣԺӲסֱ꣬ȥ
ԺвκһˣرԨҲ֪˿Ρ
ԺмϢ֮󣬱ֱʵ᲻ֹƵ
ԺȻһǿԼʵشɰʱ֣
ǰرԨȻߺ󡣡
䡭
³ġرԨ˵ͬ»εͬһ졣
Ժ˸ƵĺݺšüſرԨֱۣͷֹ˺ð죬Ųȷصش˵ȷʵĸƳ֮ϵ¹ٲѧǳ»Ҹŵźá
һȥҡرԨ˶٣ֵ˵ĸ֮
ǡԺо˵ĸƳСһ󣬹˼壬˵ĸһ뿪Լĸױ᲻ȥѰԼĸס
رԨ²µԼΪλƵƵϡ
һ·ĹƳ棬־˭ֵϣ
ֺ͹¡ʲôϵ
ùܼԺкرԨĸҵͳҪã
ͳ뿪꾩رԨһֱ˰⣬ԭǲԷѧʶͶжʱó
ĸһ㶣漴Ӧܿشһ٣һ±ܵ´鱨ˡõ鱨ȥ׷Ӧһ֮ܽ˴ء
ȥ졣رԨԸֵ꣬ң
ĸĬ£̲סү׼ȥͬһΣ
⸸ûúô桢ͶԷ˵仰ء
һμҹﶮ˵ǹĸǵԼòײŴʵذ½رԨ˳ȥߣ굱ʱžǼѪġ
ڶμһƳ˫֪Է˭ȴֻǶһߡ
εĴΡ
ĸڼͽС˵ĻԸöࡣ
ûҪ
ĸ̾˿ӦǺ㹧˿ȥִ
ȻرԨڵĻյģĸȴ̲ס뼸䡣
ɽ峤ˮ߻رҲǸϹͷҪֱֱվŲ¹ӣΪʲôرԨͷ
ҪͶ·ʶԹµ˵رԨϲԼвܰģƭõķʽҪĶʵš
ϸһʵļƻҲ㾫ɣıرԨԴĿӡ
û뵽ϻͯ£رԨҲǡ
ֻǶҪرԨæһ£ʼе㲻
˵ҩΪһֶ˵ĪĹơ
꽫Լ¶ʺɰ룬ֱ촽ҧҧǡ
ңͨĸơ
ǰڳûֱԺǷϻֻ׵ĹƳ档
еѾ˸𰸡
رԨȨƸֻܿȥѰƵʵ˵ܿһ꣬Ҳܿ
ټʾģֻεľͻˣԣֻ豧ܼʹˡ
ôͻȻƵˣ
һ᳤󡢱ϡ˹µ֣㲻ܲҡ                        
лҪ˵һЩ~һŵ

 33 

һ, µԺûһ˿, æŰĴѰҽ, Ƿ׷˽ѦƢΪʲôԽϲŭ, رԨ̨˲ʮ죬ʹȻһҵةฮ
رԨĸէһſͨʱһү㣬µʻ, Ȼˡ
ôҲرԨ, ĸȥſӭˡ
ʿĸһ, ̽˳ɽ塣Į˵رԨֵµҲССɽ·
ĸʱȥɽ̽ʣ˵Լ̷, ѰҪȥĵط, ӲǺʴ˻ȴЩԵĹ¸ŵʧء
էһ, ĸ߻˻, еΡ
С˵ֱ, һҲ̨¡
ޱ, Сڡ
ʿةฮ, ɨһۣϲû¶ʲô
ةฮÿһõĶǺϣֻϧûʲôͬرԨһ㡣
ü, ҪرԨ
ĸС鷿ү£ȥͨһ
첻˵ĸǰУһ·ûٳֱܿ鷿ʱͻȻڵֲ
ĸͷǫСӼЦˡ
ǰҽ֣ʱû׷˵
ĸ
˵ֱױ㲻ٸ̾һˡ
ǰһΣ񲻾رԨɽҹ̽һϣ
ϳˣ
ڲͬ˵뻤رԨȫˣ޿ܡ
⻰˼ܵһһһˡ
ĸ̧ͷһۡ
ɵ룬ⲻүĶӣû߽̹һ죬ӹǲκ˷ӡ
ĸ鷿±ƿţƫͷʾʸȥ
鷿гرԨмλ󳼡
ĸڣǼǵʲôʾƵķ׷ǣһ޵Ƴȥ
ʵſʵ̫ҡˣةฮ˸档
ȴֻɨ˼󳼵׽Ǽס㽫رԨϣü
˶˵ֻҪϳرԨĶӣʵҲȷʵˡ
Ȼû͹ǰƣҲ߰˷֡
ôرԨƽؿرԨÿʡ
رԨ̧۴ʣصˡ
֮ȫȻûڣҪֱ˵ؿڵ²ˣҪ취
ǴȥˣرԨ޶ݣòҳ֡
ֵġЦΪйء
رԨͣϵĶʣ˵ģ
˵ġԼһƭгÿ³Ŷμͬһ곤Ůӣμһˡ
رԨΪյϢ٣ȴû뵽һΪ˲·̾ͽ˵ˤǰ
˵ԺеĻرԨְգȴ˰˷֡
ֻΪǣ
رԨ̫֪֮ǣˡ
ԭǸӤ꾩һʣʢĹߡ
˱ֻǸĿܣȴΪķɶ˻һ·ɳΪ˸ĳ
ڲòף̫ҽԺ޲ߣرԨǰһˣҲʼûȫȻ͸Ǹ˵˼
󾿾ǸʲôС飬δ˵׹
Ǹ˱Ҳᶮ
̫֪ȥһ޷ƿصĴС
رԨʮ̶ܴӰ졣
ʱ㻹ûô֪رԨеһж档
仰ո˵꣬ʾһ㲻Ҳ޻֮Σ
£رԨᱻ֪
ʵ֪˲٣ʶкס
׷ة಻صô֪ܰ㣿
ʳĬƬ̣ĵȭͷةࡣҡҲ¹Ƴһϣ
ĿرԨϡ
رԨȻǰƵ䣬΢΢
ִһ˵μĵزһظ˶˵ǣһʵûֻͨϵĹҵܽȻİ취
رԨգȴʣ𣿡
꾩ǰһۡ
ԶΡ׳ߵǰʱŷһξСرԨ˵ķˣۿĹľ֮з棬ټ
ҲЩȦӵĻü͵˵Ҫȹ£ǿԺ
رԨû˵Ǹͬʵ̫ƵСٽĵΣǵȻһȥ˵췽ҹ̷֮ʵĳ嶯
ҪŪˡ
˵ǣʱѾ˱Ʒˡ
ߵرԨǰסƱͬرԨţһһٵҲ㲻Ǹһҹͷ˻
¥ϣˡرԨƽ˵ˣ޴ṩκ
ˣͬϵ˻šƶһͽܼͳ
ͳʦһ㱻ʦšرԨһۣкƾıͬȫȻͬԸ
رԨ̫ǵԼ³֮⣬һΪĳ³嶯ʲôʱˡ
˶ٲż˵ͳ뿪꾩ĴεͷɹƭĽУָ
˲֪ʼֵ
رԨ˼˺һŵҿˡ֤һжҲշ
ȥϽҶ⿪ĹơӲؽرԨǵȰⶥ˻ȥ
еΪʲôôرԨ
˻Ǵƺ͵㵽Ϊֹ̫Ǹ޻ЦĻˡ
Ψһڵȴһϡ
رԨȻûкֻл˵
Ѧð¡ֱע⵽ˡ
̫ͣãرԨѵõضһѹµ֮ܿ伣
֪رԨƲʵǶԵġ
ǵýһǰϡǹ¡
ԭдССĲ𣬲ѦԶ롣
治Ѧڹס̫á
ںûˮ񣬿ʵʧȥʱ֪ȺˮԼúܿ죬Ҳ̲סɬĺˮ
յĿѾﵽʲةฮҲûתȥ
ĸզࣺ˭Ҹϵ
رԨû˵ĸȻҲû졣
ߵűʱͣͷԤ׵ʣǰΪʲôɽ壿
رԨȥǻЩʲô
Ƭ̺һյƽǰ㻹СʱҲշ㡣
ԭֻҪ򵥵Ĵ𰸣رԨشȴסˡ
˵ҲմĹ⣬ͼȤԶԶһӡرԨ˵ȻҲڤڤ֮ԵͬһҲûʲôԡ
Ӳϣʲôӳиҵûһӡ
ʳվһƺ𰸺ܲ⣬ͷǵˡ
ʲôմĹ⣿

 34 

մ˰Ĺ⣿˺һʵľʲô, Ȼ, һʼҲû, ĸײźд, ȥһѡ
ǵ˵ʵûʲô⣬ֻҪͳˡ
ĸǰΪ˱Լĺ, 뾡취꾩ҵ, ܲܳôһ¡
ʴڹ¸ǰ, һûļƣʲôϵ
гЩ£˳󲡣չ, ҽӵš´, ̫ȷصʱӦ, , 빬֮һ취ֺ, ǸÿС, ܹЩ
ʣ, Ͳµôˡ
Ҿˡ̹׵صעЩӣЩûرԨ١
رԨ˵Ὣʽӻ꾩ȥû˼
ʵʵȥ, ЦʣղȥƭرԨģôסˣ
ŵġƲ߲£ҵͳһ
˼ͳ֪һôߡ
˵Ҫȴѹļ֪ʵص
˹һۣû˵
ҲǣҪֵַ֪Եһ죬͸öٺһ㡣¸пصһСľ͵óԿʲ˵ġ
ü˭Կʲˣ
ʣǽʲô
Լ˫ָ¿صһ˫ɱ˵֡
ͷһָָؽڡȫȻҪ죬һûź˵ġֵͺãһָ˫ǰɱ˵ϴء
ҲС
ȻУĳԡ
뵽½ǰȫȻѣԸٺʹǰ˲κνȥԷ֮⣬¥ԺͶº񣬶Ѧ񲻼ٴɫرԨӶ
Ψܵ׽żʾ
оֹãֱһá
رǵԿԱʱƲ¶༵ĳ嶯
νֻҪ¡
ҪҰµ
ʣһָֺԼĴָ㡣
*
رԨҪҵͳĸ뾩˳һǰȥѰˡ
һֱ˸ڼͳԶͻȻ߶ֻҲ̫Ҫ鱨ֻ꾩شһΡ
ĸû̫๦ҵ˼ͳ䡪ûϳյĹʦ
ͳʱԷȵΪǮ¥ƹСһ·쵽ΧŹ
ĸĬƬ̣Ǯǰͳһ޵ľǮ˰һݵļͳȥ˿ջá
Ĵͳʱ¶һ飬߸ͳ߶߶ظĸͳİ߰Ӽ
ƩͳǮۿΪƭһǮƪֻк˸һݻɣͳж˼͵ǮƳʳ󱻸˳ȥҪôǼͳ޷ģȴ̰ͼ֣ȥ¥¥Ѱ֣ˣŶȥ˸ϳš
ǸͷμͳҪˣظĸǿ鲻Ҫƭ󣬲Ųĵ뿪
ĸעڵļͳ˺һŴԺľջн緢ļͳ˳
ͳǸųѧ׽̫ѧ飬ǵʱ꾩֮һ֮ǱѡΨһĵӣһʱ꾩һһˣȵ۶׿ڿ佱
ɺþһĹ򣬲֪ʲôԭ򣬼ͳ㱻ʦš
¼ͳƶ˵䣬ñԼĳҪ͡
쳯ĵλ̫Ȼ˺û˽ɼͳҲûǰİķС
·ߣҲ᲻мһ䡰ࡱ
ͳŲֱ뿪꾩
ĸôҲû뵽ʱҫ꾩ļͳӡͷӾһ飬Ƽ¶ûϴˣ˴룬ϵ·ƶɢһζ
ȥץҩʱһ·ĸתͷԸСˮ¥
һں󣬲ǿͳڳ˸ƣϣܿЩ˵Ӱˡ
ͳתʱ۾ԼһƣûüʲôԱ˵͹ӣòˡ
ͳ֪ûôƺһŤͷĸЩ㱣ǣ
ĸүѰ͹ӻؾ
ͳŶججصˣͨҪʲô飿
ȼ͹ӻؾүȻ֪ĸõˮ©һָϣ͹÷ɡ
ͳĶŤͷʳʱð̹⣬·Ҳûñ´˹ȥǵǷ߳ԱߵҺþûܳһٱˣǸˣ
ĸ鸴ӵؿżͳŵ̬ûǴǰǺεȵעԼоֹǷݣȴһжԺ󣬳һǰݵˡ
رԨѰ˼ͳȥججģʲôó
ȳ˷ͳ˸ıãпպĸ˵
ת۾ͬĸּۻۣλȨأҰ£϶׼˱ɣ
ĸɫ䣬Ȼü͹⡣
ͳһƵĴ֣Ц۾ͺãͺãһŵǧҿ϶šʲôʱ̻ؾ
͹ЪϢһձ
úúãͳһڴӦ漴ʣоƺô
ĸ̾˿ǮȥͳжȴԽϣ
ֱҹʱ֣ջﴫĸͷ󺹵˵ͳҹƭʱǿЦá
һüͳˢӣһֺܲͳʲôܵġ
ͳƻúܣȥ֮Լл켣һҶ㣬׷ʱǰſ׽ס
ĸűѺļͳǳϿҵ͹ʲô
ͳûηӣ˿ڿˮӶޣ֪رԨҿ϶йϵĿ϶Ǹ⣡ǰиôûܹˣҸͶһǮæҲﲻϣοǰرԨ
ĸ£ͬ͹ûʲôڰɣ
ôûڣͳһɤӣԼҲһ㶣ɿس⣬һҲ꾩رԨҲ£
ĸеͷֻۣһֺذѼͳιȥֱӱ̷꾩ˡ
ͳһ·뾡˰취ܣè׽ʮգĥ꾩⡣
ĸľƣ֪һͳôѸ㣬ۿŵ˳⣬ͳ֮ԷģԼͳ͹ӣ³ɣˡ
ͳһʱûԶ羰ʲôע
ĸֺͳŻعһΪ潵ı鱻Ѻȥ˳ſڡ
ĸԭͳķɨ˻ֻԶԶ˻һǣ̲סü                        
лҪ˵о2000۵ļӸҲ·

 35 

ʵ۵ƢǱ, Ƕ֪
ɻʵ۱¾Ϊʲô¶ĳ, üµ, Ϊ֪ˡ
̫ﰵյ˵ѯʺò, Ӳǽ촽û˵ȥ
ϴΣ׳ŵͼʵ۸̨£ûʵ˳µҸڳȥ, Դӻʵ۳˵ڶαŸ֮, ̫û⵨, ԼԴ
黢ѦȻҲ⡣
̫Сź˼ҲûѦƢתңرԨҲǺ˺ü, 俴, һͷԵҲվνı
̫Ѱ˼رԨ϶֪, ѦرԨ֮䲻, һСС̫ܹô죿
ѹֵӱֻһ߹ȥ
˵̫, üѦһҲһʱ̫ƽ, ûϸʱȥѦùͷ
̫಻֪, Ѧǵֵȡ
һʼúˣ䷢ҲȥһӦԼ
ɺ̲ܿסˡ
ͬһĹ£ٽѦǻȥЦòʵ̫ˡ
оֹκ޷֮ѦҲŲ¡
ƫƫµ䵭ų, ѦҵΨһĲͬϾ֪Լɱ֣ǰΪ⣬ѦʱǸ֪֪ͯԼµʲô
ѦѹԼìܵȴһ¡
ȵرԨ¶һ˳µ֣˭֪رԨ͸˹Ƶľڲᣬôʾװơ
Ѧ񻻸ӣʾϣ̫ܺϴһٳһɫ
ƽĴ̫ȴҲرԨѧװơ
Ѧһһͷṳ̂ʹһ
󳼵ʧ֮һٻ˸ϻؼ˼֮Ѧ衣
̫Ͻȥ͵Ѧǰ
Ѧһۣûʲô裿Ų㡣
̫Ƶǽ¹
ѦĮ
ֻ̫ѦƢͷӦȥȡ˱²裬˭֪һ֣Ѧûһڡ
̫࿪ʼð亹ˡ
ʵҲֺص飬˶лġ
ڴ̫˵һԱ֮ǣͷҡҡ׹
ϴκȵĲѦͻȻ
˵ǡ̫˼ڤһݵĲصرѦ佱ġ
ǲȫŵ˹ȥѦʡ
̫ͻشһ飬ûס鷿Լһ⣺ôѧأ
һĭսսʣ˵ĿǣϴγʱǳԺȵĲ裿
ѦƬ̣һǸ
ǿɲǽô̫̲ס̡
ʵȷİʾղ̫ܹҲصˡ
̫룬ͷˮ©صȥµĳ²裬ܷúãȥճʤ꣬ȷʵȽ²
Ѧ޿޲ɣšﻹô
رµĻȵòˣֻʣһŽϹģŽЩʣµõ˹ȥ̫˵Сĵ̧۹۲һѦɫŵŲǷҪͬϴһȥһ裿
ѦĪؿ˴̫һöͷð亹Ųÿɷصһˣæȥɡ
ǡ̫వ˰亹ڼѦ𽵹غһȥĵı衣
ǰһյİţ糯Ѧʱ˳˳ǵ͵Сûʲô˵ע⡣
ѦϰԵƿѿ̬
жԽӽ߹кµһӲˣ˽һ佱ʱЦ
Ѧ񶨶һƿߡ
һУֻҪܼǵõģǵ̫ˡ
ѦѾС
ûüȫ£뿪ˡ
ѦԼһָӵУѾ뿪֮ü顣
ĻʵۻǾǿؽִԼлˡ
ϣų㲻ų˵ʵ۲óȻóȻڣ㲻ΪԼΪеûڡ
ת볤ʱѦעصڣŵսԼ˫֣Ѵ˺ˮ
ѦɵΪԼصȸԾ߳ܡ
ֻ֪ǸȴҲͬرԨһͷԷˡ
£˹Ժˡ̫ͷС
ͣѦ
̫ûϵҪ̨ײѦȻͣæߺǰͷͣ£ȥƳѦ
Ѧȴڴ̫֮ǰԼ˳أǵسŹµԺӱȥˡ
̫æüǰԼҲͷ󺹵ظ׷
ϴαʴ֮󣬴̫ȡѵճصض˺ü
Ѧһ棬ԼҲ۵úܰ
ѦһһɾǰȥţŽ˳
ԼѾϰзÿǰźܿ챻ˣֵǹ¡
ѦԭҪȷ˵һ䡰лҪ͹˹˵ô˺ҭһ²ŵл˵˹Щʱ䡣
˷ʩĻʵۣѦͻȻ㷢ԼһҲ˵ˡ
ɴǰˡʱǸϸĵȨˣ뿪ʱࡣ
ȴá
¿ѦһҲûţ۹ΪλҪϴֵòѿ
Ѧļʱʹ
ʵ˷ͬСɣϴαʴ˺ȥһʱ䶼СóԼ˵ʵ
Ϊͬ˵Ѧ˶٣ŬԲȴʼղλ꣬ٶϲ١
Ѧڹǰʹݡ
֪зִ磬Ὣǻʵ۵˵
˵ˣ±Ҳ۹ӡ
ƫƫͷҼҪ÷ˣ۹ӡ
¥Զڣ¸ϽԼϲĲɫ
´δܿط꣬ΪιùáôͬƣҲһˡ
һСطŮȻ֪⴫ֲôƫƫϲǼɫЩ鷳ˡ
οʸѦͬһϳԷͷۡ
Ѧ촽ҵȹ˹극
µ۹һŰɡҪţͻȻɻ̧۵۹Ӻʱ֪չˣ
Ѧ񣺡룬˦˱ˣͬʶ
Ŷȴû̹ţ۾Ѧͣһ
Ѧôʵۣ꣬Ϊʲô涼ˣȴרĵڼϢƵЩš
֪½Ҫ˵ʲôй½ֱת
չȴûüѻ˵ڣΪʵĻ
Էص
ӦһذŵڶѦϡ
Ѧ񣺡
ԭվһϡŰԶĽŲ죬ַ͡
Ȼʵûиصš
Ѧ˻Ÿ
Ѧ񣺡
ȴǰΪǳذָ                        
лҪ˵ڳ
ʣš
£Ŷ
˭ʹµȨ

 36 

Ѧ񣿡ʹ־ü, ֺ˵
ǻʵ, ɣ
, Բʲ˵
˵ʲôν, ֪Ը˵û֮ǻòûӦױĵ׼Ǻˡ˵ϴλ
ʣһ, ô˻ʵǼô顣͸ÿǵЩ
汻ʲôɱ, ѦʵҲ͵ͷˡ
ü, ˵⣬˲ϵüǺ֡
Եһü, Ƶذѷ, һžطˡ
һСĹʴԼ, һѷı, 
¿˻, ֪ʲôʱЩ, ʲô
滨롣
»࿴, ס
˺ܲͬس𣬡Σա
ҿ
Ļãʺذѹµַת𣬸һƳľذף
·¿, ذһ
ذϺõƳɣʮᱡвûʲô֮ͷĵƴһʵıʯױܿóⲻͨĶ
ġʽһذ䵽δҲ̧صǰҲ͹ذס
»Ȼذŵԣ˳ʵǱȥĶˣ
ʵĶһ١
ó𣿡
ˡʴͷĥ̫ˡ
µҲÿϧ
ϾֻǴӽֱıʲô֮ʱһֱ׷ɱþ۶ҲȻ
óͺãЦٻ㱣סҲ㲻С
ڱ滨룬̧ͷɿ쿴˹һֵۣȥ˵ġ
治Լ⻰ʲôطر
һ汸սģӹԹԳ
磬ѦȻٶȵš
ȥţ˶ҲضһʲŰ·Ѧÿˡ
·ļһҲ˽ţ͡
ѦסЦһƽƽԺӵż
Ժйµһ̣ѦЦ
ԾؾнƬ̲ǰ˹
۹µ
ֻһ㲻ĻȴǹͬѦ˵̬ƽ͵һ仰ˡ
ѦҪǰ£ȴµߴ˿ȥԡ
ѦŤͷһֱվԶĵط
ٽ죬ѦֱܷóϷɢ΢ɱ⡣
رԨĶϼѪ
Ѧ뵽ͼǰظ˸ʵͷֻȥƵιĶ䣬Ҳ
Ѧʱ
գʱŤܿµĶѦƵߴʱʷˡ
ɹǺ庢ƵԼĶ£Ӧһá
ţʹϵ˹ԣֻѦһңԶλ
ѦةฮҲûܹοرԨĶʣ
۹ӣ
ѦһӻûطһԵˡ
л˵ʺص
Ѧһۣͬ˹ｲ顣
*
ͳȻǱͽ꾩Ը˵飬Ҳû취ﳶ
ĸûƤûļͳû취ֻ͵ةฮȥرԨ
ةฮ֮ǰͳǺһĸŽѺ˽ȥ
ĸûֱӴͳرԨǰصȥرԨ뾩ţֽͳ˵һ顣
رԨҲǵüͳ緢˵ò̫࣬ʱҲвȽϵ
ֻǼͳѸ䣬رԨȴӺճһ·ߵةλϡ
¡رԨ
رԨģĸ̷Ĳ٣תͷȥ󺰴СȲϵļͳةฮ鷿
ͳԭģرԨͻȻͰ
˦˦ͷƲ䵽ͷһޡҲ֪⻹⡣
Թ֪
رԨ˵ĵһ仰ͳ¶˲м顣Ҫ˵ȴžͱرԨĵڶ仰סˡ
ǧ㣬ΪԼΪ󡣡رԨΪ˳
ͳľ˺һűŭԭߣƨ˶ƭң
űһ˱üѵĴһǳɺͣ١
رԨͳķйͣʱ˵ʶ꣬Ӧ֪Ҳ˵ٻ
ͳЦǣ˲˵ٻֻģɵ滰˻תĹ֮У
һԹۿĸӲ֪ǰ꾩˫ļͳرԨȻϵô⣬ĬĬز˰亹
ǵôǰͳ꾩ʱֻǱ˴䵭ˡ
ͽܣ˲١رԨûлӦͳŭͷβƽƳ̹֮ʲô
ͳ͵
ŹֵضرԨһôԭǻʵҵģ̫󣿡
¹سرԨ䷳ظһΣҪңǷΪº֣
ô֪һͱʦˡͳ˸ۡ
һرԨ˵㲻һ˵
ͳҪٷȴرԨֵܾûˡ
ͳ㶣漴ɿǰȥ̯رԨϵĻ
ͤͤŮü񻣬ֻһֹ˲Ҳ·ܹԣ˼֮
ͳһ۱ϳ˻ˣ͵ء
ŮΪ¡رԨ˼ͳʮ꣬յ꾩µĹÿ³ţڹƳ淢˯ȥУҲ󡣡
رԨûʲô֪ڹµض˼ͳ
ͳıһƬհףֻضŻŮ
ͳʱǹѦҲδǻ
ʱͱˣһ۱㲻ϴ
ѵؽƿ󣬼ͳɤɬصҪ㣬ҼеŮ
ѦܳرԨƬ̣ղɣȥ
ͳִ֣Ұ꾩ôͲһ죿̾Ҫ
ҪʱܷҵҪ󣿡رԨʡ
ͳսȭͷһѵľ
ΣӲ鲻Ը˵رԨŲߣ
رԨŵͷҴȥ
ͳǼ͵ظȥ
꾩ĴСʻ˳С
ͳסʱʱ̽ͷ⿴ȥߴ٣û
ʵʱشͳһ·ڱĿرԨ
ˡ
رԨ۾ͬʱҲͣ
ͳͬͻɽسᣬĸָԺŶȥȴûĻס˶
رԨƫͷĸȥš
ĸӦǰЩرԨ֣㿴ҡҿ㣬û˳
ĸڼͳ֮ǰȥš
ͳɴ۾һ˲˲ڵȵű˲䣬س֮Ŀ֮Ϲȥﳼͳߵ£                        
лҪ˵ӸھŵŶ

2000Ӹ

ȥΪ˱ܿѦʵĽ, ˭֪֮ŷͷ˱ࡢ鷳
ۿڵصļͳ, ЩȻ
ͳ뾩ʱŶʮ, ϸһ񲻹ʮͷ, ȴͬʮˡرԨһ
رԨͶԼϵ񣬹ǰȥͳλϴˡͬزʶ, ֮У
ͳʵ˵, ӲֵͷŹµͷ, ԼֽŲõشӵĨᡣ
ʱѾӺ»סɨһȦ
һرԨһѦ, иļͳ
Ѧ, رԨ˲ɫ
벻۹ҲرԨ
ûͱݣѦҲԾ൱ѿǵ뵽Ϊʲô꾩ǡһֺرԨʲôϵʱ
ͳںɨһѦ
뿪꾩ʱѦǸ˵ĺͯ, رԨֺѦļ, ͳȻϲʵ
Ѧȴͳ, סͳ, ղ˵ʲô
ͳʲôҲû˵
ĿֻڹͣһͷȥЬ, ﱾչˣ
ǡס
ϸشżͳֻϵĿƱ֪뾩ЩòΡ
뵱꣬ͳҲǷΡ꾩׷֮ӣ֮رԨҲȥ
ʦź󣬼ͳȴһ겻, ˺
ְһΣȴһֱȥ
֪ͳ뿪꾩󣬹µΪ˿вܣ뿪֮иõǰ̣˳ǣ˺ûټ
˭֪ط꾹ĳ
˹񣬡ͳɬʣÿɺã
á
ﳼˡͳ૵عһûʺѦͷ󲽳رԨȥɫȻ÷·һˡ
ͳ·ʱرԨƽͬǰ߽˸
֪ͳ֪ͬ˵ˡ
ͳôæȥʱȴΪǱһʧǰ
رԨ֪ԼҲ뿪ˣ㳯¿һۡ
ûһͷ˿չ¶ɡ
ɹֻƽƽؽߴһɨͬǰڽϼżһƿˡ
رԨʲôһ˼㷴Ӧ
иղŹ¶Լͳ̬ȼһرԨ뵽ةฮʱ˵Ļ
м
£ƺȡرԨ
ſڵ˶ĿͶرԨ
Ѧ񾯸صرԨһۡ
ʵĶΪɴֱ࣬ӽԼס
µеرԨԼӦǴӲʱ˷ϵġ
ĵصҼشҲþء
˵һ仰ĹѾüˡ
ʰѹƣֻͷرԨһۡ
ԹرԨҳʲôʵ̫ˡ
ѦһûȥǳƽرԨͳʲô˼
رԨص¡
ͳ˵Ļʲô˼ѦɫԥҺҺһ¡
ͳؾŹͬƣҴһرԨ֮УһѡҲ֪ʱ𵴽ϴҲΪ档
֪ⲻȫ࣬ѦҲû취رԨڳ˵
²Ҳں˹𣿡رԨֵ
Ѧ񱻴ʹɫԽѿҷֵʽ͹¡
öѧѧرԨصûתˣǷҪٶһ
رԨôˣѦô˵ó֡
Ҫ֪ǰڿҧֻǸ˱Լ
ΣѾĳˣΪ˼¡
ҲûعˡѦ޲ûʱĻʽ㣬¸񡭡²ϰˣܱȵϻʽ㱾ˡ
ѦݻֻͷһƽƽĺԺü˦ˣҲûȥ
̫첽׷ڻʵ󣬵ü˳Ų֪һ˳ûʵ۵ˡǱøˣ
Ͼ˭֪ѦĳȻ꾩ôĵطײرԨ
ԺǰֻرԨĸ
ĸԴźһֱû
ֿ˹ºвɵ⼸λﶼʧ̬Ҳġ
οѦرԨǴǰǣء
ͳһ澵ӡرԨͻȻ
ĸɻү⻰ʲô˼
ͬҲûʲô𡣡رԨ˵
ĸǲϵļͳֿһۿرԨһȽ˵ݣʮֲܹͬ
ûиߵ͹֮֡رԨ˶٣ͳĵһ֣Ҳһ
ĸˣĥ˻ȴûжš˵ٴûнӻصүҪҪͬС˵仰
رԨȴûгɵҡͷء
Ȼûһ˿飬Ϊ˸βҲ뾩æ
Ҳãȡ衣
رԨתͻȻʣĻ
ĸ룬ҾС˵Ȼһ²ó͡Ȼͳ֣Ҿô²ȫϣͣ£СĵʣңүҲϣܻ𣿡
ĻܸıʲôرԨʵ
˵⻰ʱѾվǰ
ﾲĵģȥһˡ
رԨ֪ͳλѵĹвһӰӡͬǧһ
Ȼвͳʲô뵽ܷ¹ȥرԨЩ
ͼͳһҲѦѰֽɱӽ¡
رԨȥ˼ϳڼͳ渦һͳһ侲Ҫµܣֻһ·ߡ
һ
ܴԼķĹСͳɫ
û֪ںδرԨ
ʱǺ䶯ȵۺͷûµĹ򣬺ԤףҲȴͻȻز֮ʬȥֻ¹ڣհ
ǰһˡͳ˵Ȿֻ֪㲻Ϊʲô֪
رԨΪ㡣
ͳͷǰҹȥʦиһܡ
رԨżͳ۾֪ںδ
ǷΪ˺֣ͳһһٵص⣬ĺ֡                        
лҪ˵Ѧʣʵж޳
رԨ޳
*
2000ͬһظ۵_(:١)_

 38 

ǾǼͳʵ
ȥرԨ֮ǰʹӹ¿֪˵ƽ, һ, ӹ¿˵, ܹʵô΢ƫ
ͳʵһ̲̫ζ
·Լ緢, ͷʱ꾩Ĳˣ, ҹ
ҿָ
, , ͳƶʱᣬԭ˼Ҷ׷ԶһֱûɼҡԭΪ뿪꾩ӻúЩɼҵһƺҲȻǺܿ
ͳ뾩֮ǰʰɾ, Ҳܿóȥǹŵ, Ⱥĵũ
رԨ˵ɹƭС
ü, ôĸһ, Ӧ
ʲɵÿʼ˼ǰôĽ߾ôȥġ
ܲ˶Թ±, Ҳмʿͷɣ
˵, ˭ûͷ, Ҳνˣ
һ㽫׿ˡ
ͳͬһϱӵˡ
˭˽ϽҸָͳµرԨҵ˼ͳ, һҪʲô
ĿؿҪͳ˵ʲô
⿴ͳղżµķӦһ䡰ﳼԳƣʱ֪϶óġ
رԨʱ䲻ͬʺ֪ܿͳгһС
գ²Լ뷨
رԨ֪ǰᷭ
رԨһֱϸؽ¾֮⣬ʾһˡ
ڳرԨ֮ˣ鷳ľѦ
Ѧô쳯Ļʵۣȥĵطס
ղѦһϽ컨׹֤ԡж֪µĴڱԽҲֻһһغ˵˵
ֻòѦĽͣһξܾԺ͵
Ѧ䵭ʵ
䵭
ǰҲôദ
⵹ǡصǰֻǸµĺӣȵ۵ķұԹЩ֮ˣһҪô
Ѧھȥǰһʯʱ򣬾ѾԼĳɳ¡
ԳִǰĻߣȴжһ˿һ
ȵúðѦΪһûʵۣ±ôġ
ҪһʵۣȻ͵ܶණ
⻰ڹ¿ǺѰĵȴĬãŵƭرԨ˵
ֻй¡˵
ǹ£Խǰһжˡ̧۶Ź£һıȥأ
µû롣
ܾԼ»һӣûٻصϱӵȥ
ΪٸʮֱʵǳԹԸ
߾֮Ǹ𢡢Ѧóˡ
֮£µǼ¶Լġ
ͳÿɺáºԥˡá֡
ҲһҺ͡¡һӵʡ
ᡣ̾ϢʣҲ˵Ѿˣһزȥ
أʼֵʡ
ʵִ֣±Ҳ÷
ǰʶˣԼԳ֡ûȡһŵĻش
ʴδȦΪԵ÷ڲͬ
´˼˰βʵе쳯ҪҲһ˵ĳ棬Ҳ㡣
ʶΣں仰滹Ǽ٣Σ
Ρףǰڵϴˣ¥Գ鵶ԣֻҪ㲻Ը⣬ûߡ
ҪĲ仰롣
ǿʱŵ÷ֹʡ
꾩ô꣬ʶꡣ
ֻҪƽƽȥʱܻߵһ
*
磬رԨű͵С
ʿһ㽻˹¡
رԨϤݽ𣬹ʶüſݣĹʲôͻȻʱʲôҲû١
Ҳšʵ
²һ˲뵽ԼĹΣҲòǲܣ̽Ĺ֪ˡ
ȥĹһֲ̽Ĺ¡
Ժ˵ϽƳ棬ǰҲжδҵ͹ϵţоһӺˡ
ȴԺпٶ˵ʲԵطҵ鼮
ϽȷʵǸ֮أмظõ¼ǳ١˵Ͻ쳯ʵϸһ֮
ʵ۲ȥǣǱԼ뿪Ҳ׽ߡ
Ƴ沢һǺ֮ʵ˶¹ƣѡ𣿡
룬ĵ˵ǳܼҡӴҳʳҲ١ǵʱ̱㷢Ѹٽҳˡ
֪ԼʲôʱֵĹƣֻݣϸϸŲ飿
򵥶ˡ̵صҵ״ǹƳ浼£Ȼͬҳ׵ĹƣرԨȻôʲôͬʱֹƣ
Ҫ֪ʳʱ˺üˣͳҲ뿪꾩
ʳĬƬֻ̣һεΡ
ȻĽҩ˴㡣ͻȻΪһ
»ϸһԼͬӪжܺϽϹϵģʧЦ֪Щʶ𣿡
£ڹ⣬ܼǵסıʤҪЩֻżˡ
ôĻԻ͹ȥȴһҲûв롣
޷׷ϵʱ࣬ÿÿʱʸеһ˿ꡣ
¾ԣ⽹ҲԸƽ
Ƴȷţǰ£üֱ׵ʵرԨΪʲô񣿡
´˻ԼҲеɻ̧ͷҺƲ̫ǵˡҼǵԪԺճȵյ״ԪЩ̽ӦǺܺ䶯ġ
ޱ飬Ӧ
СڹУ°ͲȴҵȻͶԹעֵǣҼǲôʶرԨˡ
ʶŹµı鿴˻һʱķֲ˻ںŪ
ҼǵȵߺһگʱǱѾμô˵ˡµ
ǵرԨʹ￪ʼ֪ʶʮͣʱжʮͷôҲȱꡣ
Ҳǰͷû䲻ü˸ݣǰ㶼ʼô˰ɣ
ʲһ˿Ծ
ϸ֦ĩҲˣʹеĳԹӺζǣ
ܼǵõأ׷ʣǰ׷ݣܼǵһꣿ
ⱾòǸôΪش⣬ɹȴűӳ˺ܾá
ʵעУ̧ƽصʶˡ˺ܶ飬ʮǰĴ඼ģˡ

 39 

ѰʱԺзΧЩͬա
ż˲֪ǲǴĽζ
ü, δ³ʧ, лʸǸĴ
ƫƫʧˡ
һûס, ͼ, ̫߳ˣҲʧ죿
俴һûش
ǹʣŹӾûʧֵʱ򣿡
ʱһ顣
ô, ˭һʧֶûйءοСͱĹҡȴҪȥӾ, ¸ʤ
ҲǶͷ, ˱㲻ǰˡ
תתߣսô꣬Ҫʧ, ûˡ
, ʣΪʶ
ǵǡһ˵, , ͦصص, Сʱ㾭, ϾҼǰ˴֮һʱڵ, ͬúãµĻ˶һЩ
ʿһĲɵĹ¡
ӵе飬µǻǵõģ飬ԭҲͬġ
ٹЩӣ˵ˡ
, ȴ˽ʮļ䣬ȴһҲû
·˭뽫ԶֻͣĳһʱϲƵġ
Ҳȵۣʡ
˵ʱʮͷȵۼݱܼǵˡ
Ǽü䣬ʱ̫Сջ·ͣǲ̫ˣֻǵ˵Ҳûˡ
׶ĻСӻɵһͰһͰ⵹ɵеЦ
ŶҲŷԼеȵ
ȷʵǵõĲ̫ˡ
ģȵһݱйµǶ̶һꡣ
վǾڣԼ򵥵ذձ໮ߡ
޷ȷԼļ䱻ȴ˶٣ʡȷһ¡
żʧǷݼҲ֮ʧ
ñȹ֪ԼǸþȵ۵ģݡءȴһûе֪
ȵ۵ʱ¶һ˿еĶҲûУһ޹ؽҪİˡ
ǰ˵ˤһӻˮ㻵Դǰ鶼ˣȴ֪Ҳ졣
оɵЩ档
ȴͬȫȻͬ
Ӷ׳鱨ؽһˡ
رԨȥ̽Ĺˣʡ
ʶ²Ӧ
˹һ㲻£
ʲôµȻЩ귢ˣʱѧ֪ʶܿɲ

˵֣ȴûȥ
ȹɻ̧ͷһۣʲޱصûʲô
Ƶİ취Ȼǵҡ
ǰ𼱻Ҫ⿪Ƴȴôˡ
˽ùٶһЩǰľ¡
*
мͳںʹ·ҵĹĹ̲ѡ
Ϊ˭뵽ĹҲ꾩С
رԨĸԴǰżͳһ·ִһƫƧСʱü⴦
Ǵ˴ͳֱţ顣
ŰδʹãòӣһƾͱˣӭһɳʪϾɵĹζ
ĸĴ⿴ͬķûκβСأûҴ
ͳᣬڷ˼λдʡ
ĸýϸһĳֿڵĿھ
Ƭ̺ͳȷʲôƵֱһƽƽǽڣùǽһڿһȰš
ĸǰ鿴üⰵûа֣ҲƲ
ȻţͱضΪ˽ȥġ
ǲлأĸʡ
ͳҲЩ죬˺һڰ벻۵ĵطҵһ͹
ͷͷ뿴ãûʲôء
͹һʮС飬Ͽ̵Ĵһʮһ𣬶ϻһ֡
ĸϳıʼдһ⡣
򵥵˸֣һ뵹˶öǰĸĸֱһ
ʵ£
мһ£
ǳδǻʱѦ񣬾ֻʣһˡ
ĸһʱﶼһ󺮷磬û̶
üˣͳ־ȥĸֵ̽סˣһؽĹԻ٣ô죿
ֻһ֪ںδһûиҵĻأͳ
㵹ǽĸ㲻ǹʦͽ𣿡
⻹ý⣿ͳ̧һ꣬˭֪
ⲻģĸֻżͳǿ˶֪Ĵ𰸣αضһʵİţ
˵˭ģͳЦѵʵǸˣ
ĸšüͷ¾⴦ݣѺļͳةฮֵİżϵⶼرԨ
رԨձ
ĸһ㶣үȥδ
³̫ԶرԨȥʹ¡
һԵļͳɫѿʣ˹
˵мôΨһ֪𰸵ˡرԨ˵ǰ˵ǻԡ
ͳֹӲҲȥ
رԨһۣδֹ
ʵرԨֻȣǰȥ¡һ⡣
ôˡ
ǰԺӵ·ϣͳüͷʼնûɿ
ܲرԨ
ͳǱƵ̧ͱ˵ʣۿµܿҪҵˣܽ´Ψһȴ·ˣȷʵû취رԨһ̨ۻ治ɫôУ
رԨδŭһëȻƶ˲١
ͳһҭЦȻûǹ͵жˮݡ
˶˵ܣرԨʣ𣿡
档ͳ
أ
ͳط̵˵ûǽаΡһĢ֮ƮƮɡԼģҿǱιǶ
ɡرԨֱ˵˶ƽصҳ
ͳһʱҭסˣѳζƬ̲żڽʣã
ûáرԨƳ֮˵˿Ŷȡ
ͳǿƵĿرԨһ·ŵһʶ㻹ƣһӴ˺ζûô죿
˵Ѿͣ
رԨûлشͳ⣬ֱƫͷĸȥš
Ӧŵʡ
ոӶһۡ
ûÿ·ʣʲô£
ҪĹҪȻشһ⡣ĸ͵⣬ƺֻй˹Ż֪𰸡
ͷرԨı飬Ž⸴˳
ʵ£
ʵüҶ˶ûĸǶرԨʲôϵ
μ󣬺֪ܿʵʲôֻߣ´μʱԿһʡرԨ˵ֻҪ֮ǰĻûƭҡ
ͣûһ˿ҡȥ
ȵȡرԨס𡣡
תͷضס˲رԨˡ
رԨ粽ãҪ׿ڻش𡣡
ۿɫ䡢һһԲϾҪ鵶ļƣĸһǲľ
һ𣬡˹ڼ𣿡
ʸذƵ̾ʹĸϡ                        
лҪ˵쳯׶԰
೤Сȱ֡໣ʦ˴ܣ
ʦʦء

 40 

һɤ, ôҲ
ϵ϶Ǳʶ, ЦԷǵصűһ, ĵͦ֡
һͳվű, رԨڼ֮⣬ĸһҪ˵ģʵǰֽصŰ塣
ʲתͷԹǣ
ºЦ, ô, ܵ, ˻Ǽء
˵⸽ԺӶ֪ߵˣûʲôüĸһɤŭ
Ʋ˵
Ҵ򲻹ˣģ˭֪ةóСӴʱһɵļ
ڹǰҪӣԼֶг, ֻˡ
ϰߵʵԴ, תͷλкιɣ
Ķ, ĸҲԼɵΪеȻ, ͷ˿, رԨ˵ͳҲƲ, 㿪ڽ͵, ʹ˹һ⣬֪ϴæˡ
ʲô⣿ĵ
Ȼôʣȴˡ
ͳرԨȥ̽ĹԱػһ˳ģ
Ҫ˳, Ҳôˣֻͬǰһһűˡ
ߣرԨˣĹ֮鷢
ֻ֮ҪİæеΡ
ĹеţĸԼظĻشһܽ⿪ֻ֪𰸣ðʹ˹ǷСе֪
׵ȴ⣬ĵ⵹Ƿصϰߣһ˵ֱ̫ױʦλƵġ
ϵİ˸֣ĸѾ飬ڶŹʱ֪ΪοڱԵĪؼࡣ
ƵĸúƾͬǰӺݵ˵ƵģһΣβѿ˵
ߴ桢н֮ĸ˿ڿˮҪڣȴرԨȡ
ʵ£رԨǷ
»Ȼתͷ˿ʡ
֪˸취ƭرԨϹȴûϸʹʲô֡ι졣
رԨʻȴʱ׹˸
ʺòļƻȻ룬ȷǹʦдġô
ĸ̵ʶʦּ
ǡµҼǲ̫ˣ֪ʦռԼڣԸλа
ͳصӲΪԼռ
ʣǿòˡ
رԨȴ׷ʣռĽһꣿ
ʮꡣĵصҲǣꡣ
ͳһ漴ƺ뵽ʲôɫ
õ𰸵رԨδżͳ뿪ˣôһˣֻΪ׿ڻشƵġ
֮ƵˣһҲ
һֶ뿪󣬹²ⷽƭرԨãôͬ⣿
ȥĹΪرԨ˵ֱͬǺˣĸƺҲûʲôݣ͸ƽдһƵƽƽ档
ѲɱһΣ롣
û½͡
ű߿رԨԶȥԾ졣
Ϸ״һһرԨϹϵԭȲҪ⿪Ƴܡ°ѷյġ
գ⼱ٵĽչڼƫƫոշֹµļ俪ʼˣͲ̫ټƵķҵô졣
㹻Ƕʮꡣ
һʱ䣬ٹ꣬¾ͻرԨѦ񶼲ǵˡ
ʱ±ȫȫֻһ˵ġ
ջַ̫֪գһʱҲס
˵뷨֪ݲãҲڹǰ˵ڡ
شµ⣬Ҳ뽫Լͷ˵ֻתƻ˵Ժ׼ȴԼҲ
ҽ߲ҽһֱҲˡµҼǵռӦǺ׼ġ
Ӧ
̴ȥ飬ƽͣ˶ٲжϵҲòˡ
š̹ȻֻҪǺ飬ұ㶼ǵáռԣȷʵΪ֪Ҳѹ˵ֻ֪⡣
ȴֻ֪⵱ĹеԿסѵԤڵһУ
˵ʲôʦ֪Ԥ֮ܣʲš
Ǿ仰ǧȷ첻˼ٵġ
仰˵
ʹǶԹ¹֮ˣҲһ֪Ǻ¡
ǸĪҲԵɡ潫ĳ취˹ϡ
жܽڶĸԸػڱϣ
ʾûô򵥡
İʦص
ǣҲ£ͳΨһĵӡ½ֻͣסУйʦ֮ǰҲٶ
ûгɼң
±ⶺЦˣ󲻳׵ģ
ҲˣΪʲôܳס
Ϊˡһ˹ص㿴һۣ֪˺鰮մϱߵġ
رԨҲһˣǱڵҪ費裿
ҪǸ鰮մϱߣܰѱĹƳڹϣ
ô֪ص
һӳҪȲĹ¶һͣ
֪ΪʲôȻƢˡ
ʴǰ֪ļʧ㿪ʼͳ¼Ҳûŵļ䣬ôʱġ
˵ˣɫҵȼͳǻϢ⼸հڣϽߣ
Ƴ˹һۣżرԨ
ǰŸ߲ǣµ˵ҲҪа
˵۲ʵɫȻԺתЩĵ⸸ۣҺûϦʮ꣬Ȼةฮ֪ἦɹʲô
ڹµŬ£仰Ĺ
öҡ
ҵԭסµݡĹˡ꾩Ѿе⼸Ѿܽʲˡ
û뵽ڽϱϳĲǹ£Լ
˴ΧסʱؾΪǹ±ע⵽ֽ
ŹȴֻǺشǰʵ٣иȿڵʸǷأ
ʣһطϣҵˡ                        
лҪ˵ˣΪʲôûио˱1551

 41 

Ϊ׵˱ʵĻҭһ, εҡеȵ, ²ǵһαʼ, ðˡ
˵, ˸һһԼԵͬǣ֮ǫѷԱ, ҵ, ֪λǣ
ʡޱ
, ̽ͷۣһ۾ͽλϳˡ
λﱲĵմӣֵ˳ʱĸױȺ빬¿һص֤
¶ֵ̳ĸ׵Ĵӡ̡Ӥ, һֱȳࡣ
ȥ, ҵĵմӶôˡ
ޣ¶˻Ȼ飬ʲô׵, пֳֹϿҵ, عӷ, ˼ˡ
˵, ԺɨһʻĹ, òûᣬ˷еغ˼䣬ٸ¿ȥѰͬˡ
뿪ʻͷԹµ, ʶ
´һƳۣʱעٶȻעⲻ
ǸģֻҼʱСûѧ¡
ʶʱĵ˾衪ʵǹⷽǰ̫֮ˡ
ͬ˵Ļˡ˵
ǻȻģȻѾرԨǲΪ֪İֽʲԸԼݵԵҲˡ
ȥرԨһΡüةฮ˼ҡ
ǵǼݾؽɨ
رԨȻûڣζ֪¶˶٣֪㲻⣬꾩ط˶ӣǺʲôġ
ʵˡ
ʷеü
رԨϹϵվò꾩ԭ˹ϵ뿪Ϊָԭ޷ʵ֡
ζҪ뵽꾩ȨȦӵȥˡ
ͬʱҲζŹµĴڿܻᱻԽԽ˷֡
ʳĬ˼ͻȻءһ̲סЦˣѵ֮ǰû뵽
ʲÿɷ񣬡»ñԤƸá
رԨеġµ㲻̫ż
˵꣬ȴŶɴ᣿ŤͷһִֵۣúǰջͨʱСһ㡣
Դʶӵɽ¶ֱˡ
²ɵϸһôԼļƳƵѻ԰οǼ䣬Ҳűģʱ仹úܡ
ͣ˽ŲͻصҪأ
Ҫʲô
ʾӸµؿ£һӣôԼ롣
ϰʵһ˵һŪ飬һĿŵӣ²ɵһͷˮشӽ뵽Уٴӽ뵽Է˼Щ֡
ʴۼָֿקĹסͷϸûšüúóԷ
ѵ㣿̽
ʣѿǰһţԷ
Ҫùǹͬˡ
ãȻıʵα
ڹǰһֱлֱ˵¾ҲˡڼرԨ֮ʶΪǺܱġ
Ȩı¿ԴͨԶհ漰Ϊ˽ܵĸʱʾֻˡ
Сѡ͡
澿ʲôϸ΢ķűࡢԹֱʲô뷨˵ȫ޹ؽҪֵһᡣ
ΨӲǳסû½Լϲ̨˽ġ
ֻ൱ǿӲش˹»ĵͷ㲻׼ҡ
û˵ǱԴ˵Ц롰ɹƳ˵㡱
ѡȥҴ
*
ĵڶ죬·ǸźƵģƽֻ˻ղݷáܵԺſͻȻ½˲ߡ
һŹ֮˴Ĭصͷкȴ̸ֻཻ̫òȥԺš
һӦţΪǲӰյ¥ԣȴĿİˣʱüһ塣
ſܼԭЦǺǵģȻ¶ĺŵһ飬ϽЦԱţعӣĹܼңġ
ɨܼĮա
꾩ʶûһġ
ܼһûüɵؽƯͼźˣʱһ
֮ǰǵ˸ʾģ֪˵ĸ˭˱ŸҲұԹʲô
ֻһﲻ֪ôźá
ܼҳüػͷ˻ֵͷԼе񵥣ۼСڴһʻ˹һҧЩжſڣ
͵ſˣôǿɾͲһССܼҵˡ
ѧڶŹܼҽºԺǰ˸ˮйͨ
ڳң߸ȥҹ£ȴӰ·ϣǰˡ
³˭ҪȥƸƵʢʱͷƤһ飬ȹڱһ˴ԺӣţȴûӦ
ˣ˵ԼǧСݣµȹһһԾǽͷ
ǽ߲ԶϰҵĹ춯Ťͷҵģ̲סݸһЦ
СʱƤҲɹ¶ǽͷ²ȥ̫๬Ůת
ǽǺ졣µ٩
°Ȼһźò׹λˡ
ΪЩǷ˹µĴڡ
ǹ±㲻ǸСȦˣý䱸˱ԽԽࡣ
ҼǰģһΪв۵ˡȹһû̫Լǲ¹룬˸ӵԱ߷ü׾С顣
µۿҪˣҼС϶æŰҡ
ͷųһææµµĺϣתһ͵Ĺ£ĬĬסؿڣͷײͣС¹סˡ
Ӻݻһһж꾩йŮЧµĶ̹Ȼģȴû
Ϊ˶ĿÿÿѰʱ߶Ҵˣֻһưͳϳ
ǵĹ±˷֣޲סԺﲻˣʻùӸȥ
ˣͷЩʵģ̇ͷ˵ȥةฮʱ˼Ϣˡ
˶ŻȻѹ֡
ʱ侲룬ŷĶʲôȨƵ˼ңǲϲµЩ
Щ˼ȲѦһַ֣ҲرԨĵ֣վλôȡŻͬرԨϵͶȡߡ
ʲԸգŶˡεͷҲӣأ
̻ˮ򵥣һȫȥةฮͺˣЩ۾ҲʣرԨĶӡ
⻰˵ֿڣ˼ȴû
ӲǴģпǵΪأ
ȻСʧ־ĥѣûͬѦһеᡣ
Ц˵Ҳ㽻ȥ졣
ܸرԨ鷳ģһǺ£ϲּ
ʱĦȭЦͷİɣ                        
лҪ˵Ƽʱʮ̫̫ġǧķϵճvˣ 
İ
ҶʮĺǧȻ֪ԼǱ˵ũŮ
Ӵ˵ﲻǵļҡ˶ռλõ˱ˣۿ̱
Ҷûжԥǧ𻻻ݡ
֪ũҵҲ׵

˼֮ǰŵ֪ԭԼĺǧһأ̰ԼĶ˻ҰҶϳ˺
ֻؿҶӺŮΪС֮ŮΪ೾Ӵ˱Ŀ
˭֪תҶַ֦ͷ˹ʧɢŮٳ費˵߸ϵ̫ӵ£׷ȹǡ

 42 

Ȼռȥ, óǮһȺ˰˶ΪĽŷ, һżªİ峵㵽˳
Ⱥŷ֪رԨӦʲôģ, Ǯͷ, ΪǮ˼ʲôѰ򲻵°Ϸ
ɽĺôѵةฮǰ
ةฮܼһʼͱˣһֱͷ۵úܣָֻرԨ鷳, ظŷ, ͷλͻոȥ
ոһʵĽŷ򺩺, ֲǴոģ
ܼһ㶣ǴӺδ
ﰡ
ܼң⡣
Щʱ޴ȥֻһһʱŽةฮ
ŲرԨô죬ָŽŷǽﰭ۵ĺһ, 徲ͥԺ˿
Ժô죿ŤͷվڲԶ, Ȼ˲µݣӾͲ׽ġ
ûش, Ҳ֪˵滰
̽ĲЩ̲ͨ, Ӿ, ЩıĸŹҲջ̽رԨ̬ȵġ
꾩ǰ, ʱ뵽鷳
ֻǹ±ЩҪ
, ദ˼£Ҳ֪ԹתĿ˵֪ĸʲô𣿡
ϳˣһѪʡ
ʵķӦô죬ɵһҭ, ŵ⵹ûУע⵽Ҳʱ⡣
ԭʽķ꣬һ֮ȴûƣ˸ݻҪţȴʿ˿ڡ
ʲôƽʡ
£ŤͷֶʵĶѦ
ʶʱ˺ܶǰϸ֦ĩڵ顣
ѦʱǾӸµΪʲôرԨةᱻơΪʲô»һٶسְĸ
Ϊĸ׺ͻʼѪԵϵ
ѦҲԶݡϷƵ˵ϵ̫Զһʱѳˡ
һЩ£νصй¾͹ˡ
ȲرԨ׵ҲȥӴĸǷδṩļˡ
β;ͱʲˣʱöˡ
ֻͷвҲô룬ǣ˵ϣһ޸֮Ҳ
ܺãҲܷ͹½Ӵüûһ¡
ޣ㻹ԼɵһȮˣ֪⻰ǰ˵˭ģҪ֪ѦرԨɶԼͬ˵¥ǹµһֻﹷ
룬¥ԣ
޺޵Ťͷˣ벻ͨԼôʶӮֻûȥҹѰο
Ҳû˵ʲôֻίسԼ֪˱۽ɵЦ
Ҫ䵽ԣʺͷͰѹ´§ǡɱֱܿۡ
ʣŭƽռʱѾˣ
Į
ʶù꣬ȴ㹻ߵлƵġ
ڹﱻ˶ꣿѦأرԨ¥Ըڹʮʱʶˣ
˺ߵĺƵۿҪмĹû˰취ֻ˰Ϊ鶷죬˿ʮһꡣ
¿ڣ㲻ٷƲƲ̫ұʲôԣǹңûŮ֮
»û˵ʱӵص
úݺݶţԹµ㿴
»ͷֱǣֿǺգ̲סЦˣҰ
˵ָʾַ䣬ŽСӵĲʱȥ
ŹﶼǶԼģʱ˻İȫУֺ֮صһۣڵضԹµ¶úˣȥ˳
ʴûƣζطŹµ֣ϸϸشָһ·Ħָ̽Ѱÿһϸ΢·̲֮صĹ
ţͻüµַ˹ĳϣƵͷͷİ̺ۿʲô
ҲۣҴǰ̣鼱֮ץ˶Է
ʰֱָ۲Ǽǳǳİ̺ۣһ飿
룬Ҳ̫϶ʮʱɡ
ʳĬƬҪ˵ȴ¶
µʳ͵Ըǰ۶iɷס
صһʱ壬ôʮŵõỊ̇
*
ةฮſڵĶȻ꾩˵ġ
ʵǰ㰵йʵϢֻǴ˲١ֲرԨڣ㶼ȵѡ˰
̲סǰȥĶЩСĽɫֻڸָʾ³̽
ʵ̬ȱȷˡ͵ſڵͳͳرԨ
ʵ˵Ҳš
ǽŵڶգةฮЩһ˽ƵĻص˸ĵطĻ
رԨ赭дĴһķҲͬǰһ׽͸
ҺССעرԨӦ˼һ
ϣǲϣϲܵðڸ̬ȣ׵ʲôŭ䲻ʲôȨ㳯ҰģôҲǸرԨϣǱ㽫ӽӻˣ
ƵؿԼҷһۣǰɲô˵ġֳ׮ʱָŭ
˺ɸ֣ľӣú룬ҽĶӣҲرԨĶӣ
ôˣʼ磬رԨӣСʮƯҲδгϢ
ҪϢʲô˷˸ֻۣҪرԨĶӣһݾ͹ˣܴڳٺô
ҪرԨϣ㻹ҪܳȥⶼóɼҵСӸۼҡͷҵң
ǸϻͷةฮñǻŲţߣصҺͱ˼ҲͬôرԨմ״ʵڣһϵ꾩ҶǺ׵ļ֮һֻҪرԨϻӣҳ£һСᣬѵȱ˼øף
屻Լ˵һͷǣҵû˵Щ˵಻ǰյﶼԭ˻ȥô
ӣͷͿ˵ָܵţǸһһͻˣҲÿةฮһһˡڶղߵģⲻǰ߽ɵ˼𣡡
屧ͷܣŲ񡭡
׷һţۿŷɾҪڵʱͷѾ߿첽ֲֵصˣ̫үöүȥһˡ
һ㶣ӵطſ˷죬Σǲ˵㣬ΪȥʺҽĶӣ
ӹһ٣·ߵУȥһٻǼ١
˽ͳԺţϲüص˺һżתӭǰȥôǲǽȥ
ҡͷҸǧ򱻲Уȥ
һ߸ߣϺͿô۾ôõʱҪװ״
˵˵ǿ׳ְѷ˸סˡ
غ˰裬һֵãȥͲȥ
پ飬Ҫʲô
˺ЦһԼȥñȥ˰ɣ

 43 

, ¡̫СѦ
Ѧ۾, سʵ, ˯˶ã
һӺ, һˡ̫
šѦһڰߵŨ裬üͶ֮С
һдʱ, Ѿ
̫Ѧ, Ͻ˴
ѦĲɵس, Դ̫˵˵ⷢʲôûУ
̫һ˼˼˵ˣѦʼȵ, ŵӵ, ǸҸ񣬳һ־
ѦʳȻһ, ̧ü, ظ
, ̫ͷȥ, ص, ǹ£Сӽ֪ӵݣǱźʹϵ뷨ȥġ
Ѧ黺֣¶꣬䵭, ˣ
ûգȫһ˻صฮȥˡ̫ɫص⼸մӸҵٴӳﵽةฮةฮصҵĳðսֵ
Ҳ֪ݸ˭ѦЦ
ЩĵҲأû̫¾ߣҲ񡣡̫࿴Ѧɫ
ѦüĿ΢ȴһʡ
̫þգûټ˵ȥ
ѦòٶȲ߷ֱ˰ʣĸ¡
̫ڵſæµʱԶԶƼһ鷿Ϊһȡ޻ѣһݲס
ԶԶôһۣ̫ҲϳǾǹΨһĹ
Ѧ磬ѡ˼ʺѡ±㲻֮
ȻûлʺʹıǶһλĹ
ãòԸᣬ֪ǰ˴ҵĵŮҲѡĻʺѡ֮һ
󹬰ڵǶӦδĻʺֻѦɥ꣬ûʱ׼ˡ
̫ңңĹжʱһϽ鷿ͬѦһ£ˡ
Ѧ棬۾Ҳû̧һ£ʲô
̫۾඾̵ŴʳУǿҹɫˣЩĳʳ£
޸ճ꣬Ѧ˵÷ġ
ǡ̫ӦҪȥȴֱѦסˡ
ѦʣԼĶǣƣصϼҵǸ
ѾܾúܾûȥԼ󹬵һʱЩû취һͬݶϡ
ҪӦЩ˴̽ϢĴ̫ȴǵúΣǡ
ѦһϹݣɡ
̫ϽӦֿ첽ȥʱϹ˵鷿ſڡ
Ϲһ˫۾Ƶκ;ιüëһһгŴ󻧵ĹӺݡ
̫ԭԷʵɵȼ˹¼ָ֮ı뷨
ܹܡϹЦű½նֲ͹µҹ͸հõĲ
̫ͷؾص񣬲һ롣
Ϲ¶һ˿ϲ֮顣
ҲǸŮˣΪľ֮бСŮĻ롣
ÿÿ취ȥŬѦĹϵʱȴǲ⡣
ѾûмѦԼڵ˻ᣬϹ΢΢һЦ鷿ż
źڽ۵ӳʱϹлϲصͷ¡
Ѧ޿޲ɵһô̫
ϹŵضѦ꺮ů˼䡣
ѦһûһӦš
˵Ǻûǻ˵Ļεģ˶뾡ؽԻȥҷŭҲҿϲ
Ѧǰǵʵ۵ĺôá
Ϲ˵¿ЩʱѦ̧ͣͷ
Ϲʶͣס΢΢°Ѧ꣬ȴ˳شȥðӵϡ
Ѧ˻ص̧۾ޡ
Ϲ˲ӵͬѦӣϢʱ˶䣬նĵҡ
Ѧȴ齥䡣

ԭ˫۾ϹǴǰ佱ĹŮ֮ϼҵʱҪɼһѦŶλá
ϸȴһҲ
ѦŷƿߣĵغϹ˵˼仰ڴʾֱˡ
ϹȻûϵʧظˣ˱֮ǰΪĸѦ
ѹûܺúýŴ±룬Ѧɴཫ·սһӣƽʱһʱޡ
̫ͬǰһСĵؽǷԶѦ߷Χ֮ڵС͵Ĵͷ
Ѧ˻һź˯
ҹʱȴجо˹
̹Ȼ¶ҩĻĿ·ͷһ㣬Ѧͣ
֮ǰСʱһͷ
Ѧؿڵ·ٴϢһüĿͳػ֣
Ĵ̫̱ѣɿڵ¡
ҪѦѾ˴ߣĨһԼĺ󾱣ȫǱجξ亹
̫ྪ˸İͣ£ھͳ
һڣ̫֪Լ˸⣬ϽͷܿѦߣȥ׼
Ѧæزû·ֱӳ˹ֱ
һеҪµ
ֻǹ¶Ҳ̼һۡ
ʻúܼҹĽûаˣҹѲĹٱǰ·־Ҳ֪֮˲׷·
Ѧļٵص˳ľСԺУȴֽӵûţͷ˺һĽ裬̧ȥ
Сλת˺üȦ
ѦϣǱֳеʴ򿪵ġ
ѩذ׽ɭ¹ⷴ䵽Ѧϡ
ϾС͵ʵ۵ˣѦҲûŵȵصҪ¡
ãϴû񡣡ޱػؾ
̫ʵ鱨ּʶϴʶֵĺʱһëȻѦǰСӣл˵
һֵķϻҲû˵Ѧذкˡ
Դǰεĳͻ֮󣬴̫ÿζעŴϲپѦǵķӦҲӶصסʡѦ񻤵
Ѧֻż뿴ʱΧʱȻɫģжȥɵü
ֱ䳤Ұôڻʽߣ
̫࿴˫򶷿ľȰѦӣԶЩɣۣһ
ĻûأʴӲԶת۱俴ذһʸƵֶѦüĴȥ
һ־ʧɫ߾ȫһѦ񣬽קڵغűܿһǰ
Ѧȴѹûܵ˼ʽذѸƿעִ䰵ֳһնȴֲصסһι
Ѧ岻ڣҲܿóʸη屻⼸Χ
нȫɱİաѦ롣
ʱѦ־ѵˡ
̫ŵɫݡӣǻһȥɣ
Ѧ
תߵȻõѦҲ֪
һرԨһȫƾ¡
ۿžҪȫһѦ˴һϤ
۹ӣͣ֡                        
лҪ˵쳯׶԰
Ѧȶֵģ
Сأߡ
ʦҲְ

 44 

Ѧ촽˵, ˫ضסĹ¡
ֻһ, ֵ, ü֮û֮ɫ, ƺҲû⽣ӰļƸŵ
˴ǰµ
ƾʲôʽҪ֣ͣѦ롣
û뵽ѵô죬üذĨԼһ˵ʺŵÿٵ˿ȥ, ϶, ˹ԡ
Ѧ־С, ȴֻ˼ϸС˿ڡ
һʣµһʱҲɵ֣ûǰ׷ŻסѦ, Ѹٽ˵ͬ롣
һʱǴ, Ѧʱעż
´ʣûʲô˵, תѦ֪۹ӼжȻ, ҹǹӲ˽լ, δҲ̫Ŀˡ
ȶ֡ѦɳƵ˵
ֿ, Էֻԥصݹû˵, ֪Ѧ˵ʵʱͷ
һʵۣȻҪ򡢵µıʣֳҲݵô£
ҪɱڣҲøɾЩ, ͱؿھߣõźĺҹڳôĶ
ߣҪ涯֡ʧ֣Ѧãʵһû쳯ң
ҿǵ۹ӷҪӲµҹˣ۹ӻذɡ
ҲءѦŲûһ֣Ϊһ仰㵽˭
Բм͡
ҵֿ۹Ѿˡµ
ûô򵥣ѦֻرԨżȻֵһΪͳ˻ͳͽܣˣһйأ
¶˶üĵһͳ׻Ƕ͸¶ЩϢȥ
ѦϾҲǸģٵ鼸˵ʶرԨ˵ĻҲܲ
ȻѦȻ
ΪǾ䡰ѦֻܻһԤԡ
Ȼ۹жϣֺαʡ䵭ظһΣذɡ
ƽü֮Ƶᡢƶʲô¶ôϣȻ±ʱѦʱһ¡
׻ǼˣǸǰʧʱż¶ı顣
ʽ㡭Ѧૻ
ʶһӾѦѿڶĳƺɵ÷ְס䰵ǲҪðű¿ķһӵѦȥ
ѦʧƬ̣ܿ췴Ӧ˷ִŵߡ
⻰һڣʵ㷢һڳվŵ־ʱһëȻһսǰȥ
ۿǽšǧһüѦĻ
ѦĲʱ͵ͣס
ʽˣлȻͷجج̧ۿ£һǱֻŵƲ˿ȥµȭͷ
¶˶٣Ѧûٶŵθȥ
ΪһʵۣѦѷ
ʵڲԸԼòĻʵ۱ɻͷԷȵĻ
ѦҪǰȴûǸ
ͬʯƵԭվãŲ١
һ־Ϊɬ˵ȥѦ˶ᣬʾѹȥµ۾һת뿪
ѦŤͷʱ򣬹²ſ߿ӵĵطһϸϸѪۣǱʲô֮ﻮˡ
̱ת˿ʣǿǵʵۣҲˣ
ʶŵϲѪӲ˵һӣҿѾѵʵɱˡ
շתɽ͹һ֮ȷʵûɱˡ
ⲻԼ֮ǰʲôӡ
СƯôԼıܣ
ɱˣ˵ǺꡢԷһ顣
ο
ɱ㡣
ˣҩɾȣԲĶ˸˽ᡣ
ô֪ûа취Ծ㣿ʾǿʣһٵȼ̫꣬ҽԺа취ĲأһֲΪѦţ
Ȼ˵Ѧֻܻ֮һˡѦ֣ܶʲôԣ
ֻû˸Ǿã
׺ݵص֪˵Ĳ
ҴǰʱҲʹЦŽеʣÿÿҪ治ɫذȥܽκ˿ΪͻСֻոһյȥ
뵽ϴιͻȻѪʹûգ򴽲˵ˡ
һûͬ˵ܣ͵͵㣬ЦһʹȻĵ΢΢ƫ󷽵صʵǸʹˣϲӡ
ʰŤȫתˡ
һԲض˹һͷִ֣ĦǼʮֳ¾ɵ˿ڡ
ýƣɱѦܾ㡣˳
ȵʱ²꣬ҺرԨò׷ס쳯ɽµ»ûӣɱ˭ʵۣ
رԨԼһĨ
ƽЩٺ͸ղһ²ŵˣȥ˯ɡǵùš
һѹµָס߬ˡ
ûջ֣ô
ʳۿֻѦˣҲˡ
ºЦСƤûƹΣһôŽʹ
ʹҲôꡣ˵ô֪²ʹ
⻰˵ȻеϸʴǰԼҩʱǺļƣܾǲʹġ
ʶô˵ˣܲ÷ˣʵսһûڿʵϼ˺ۣĶأ
ϡޱ
һͷȥ˽յ֣ü޳ָһȻڻֱϿһƤ
ȷʵŶʹ
̧ۺɵع۲ʵı顣
ʹ
ֻܵȥҩ
˵꣬ûзֵ˼˶һȥ
ŵͷ˲ӡ
ͷԣĺԺͦʺƽʱÿ˸˯һӣˮˮ
ʻǵһνڡ
ϣĿ׷Źȥзҩֽһ˲˲
ҩײרҵģȥѪĨһ£ûͦʵַˣʲôˣһҩˡ
ʵ»һ˿ڣûڸ߹£Ҳûֱǰ·ֻóĬҡͷ
¿˯ˣµ
Ѧ񡪡˵ĸ־ͣ˶ٸĿڵҲһͬˣ
ǿġµգȵֱ
ǵá
ҡͷҼǵȵۼݱǰͬ£ϸǳȴ벻
ԴżȻ󣬹ԼҲеļ䡣
ļһһŵģ˵ֻһ֮䲻̫ܲõ
ƹҪһͷŲѾ߳ôԶ
ղܳѦ񡣡ʵһһĿҲԽԽҪ
½ҩŵһԣһĵˡ
ȻһΣС
뵽ȫģʻǷԷθصúá                        
лҪ˵_(:١)_ܳ鰡۶Ķ˺ܶ࣬ҵĽ

 45 

Ѧ񲻹˹ҹг, Ϊһˡ
, ʱȴԹ, ȥʱ, عԸ˵ȥ̫ҽԺ޹ﾲԼԼ
֪˶, ȴ̫սսǰǵѯǷҪҽʱ, ѦŲԼڸղŵĽбˡ
ǲ, ѦȻһʮǸܲţӶ𰮲֮ģɻǶһڹԵʣѦ޲ɾ˺
áѦɭص, ȥҩ, Ҫˡ
ʵ˷ͬСɣĳ֪, ˵ʲô, ŪǷꡣ
Ѧ²رԨ϶֪Ǵϴ˵, ֻرԨҲ˺һѡ
Ϊ벻, 㲻ܲʡ
õķֻкϴһס
̫˿, ӦǳţѦɫ޹ߣĶǹ¸ղźʱı顣
Ȼ˵Ҳû˸Сڼ£ǻᷢŭġ
ʮĹ, ѦۼΡ
Ϊ̫٣Ѧʵӡ̡ǡ
·ոڳһƵģֻξλƴӹȻξУ
ѦЬãͼرԨͼͳͬ´һԽԽü
̫ҩҲûҶ໰СѦҩ
Ѧݲϴ˯£ʱԴ̫˵˼֡
ڶ糯֮󣬴̫ȥѦļ˵鷿˻ʵ۵ͳ
ͳؾ˶Ŀ֮ҪҲҵЩ˿رԨǰٹ֮ףҲܽ꾩ǶԼĵ̡
οѦ׶ͳŹ¹ȥơ¡ġ
ʮյĹѦ֪˴ͳ뾩ԭҲ֪һѾĹС
¹ػʽ㣬Ȼһ仰Ҳû
տյ鷿ֻѦرԨˣͷĹ˃̾ɢѦҲĻüƽرԨԲ鵽ǲǴԶڹˣ
ڱע⵽ˡرԨ˵
ʲôѦŭ㶼Ѿˣ
¶ɱһΣرԨֱѦɺ˫ۣʱǷɱڶΡ
Ѧŭǵߵ㣬һ仰Ҳû۾رԨƬ̣һԼرԨûҪ
ʱ£δ
Żʽܻǻ֮ѦϽʲôط֮أǵ
Ǳ¾ùºͳôرԨ侲ʵ
ºͻʽôҲˡѦ˵㲻á
Ĺһֻ⡣رԨѦ񣬡´˳
Ū٣Ѧ޺޵ؽȥڶʽĻΣһɱ֣һĳУеκһˣҪĻһɫɴ͡
ɴóˣرԨٶȴѦĻµĻˡܹͬ
Ѧ俴ԼֵµĵһȨ֪ΪԼصĻᣬûˡ
ͱʲôرԨ˵Ҷ
⾲û˵ڣرԨҲܽƽ˵ڵĻѦǰһΪ죬ܲΪرԨУ⻰ֻǴҺͳ˴һΪӪô򵥰ɡ
ٳսһСĶ˹λС£Դ
رԨƿ˵˼ֻþܵһ㡣
Ҳвòֵʱ
ͻһҪ˽ǡʤرԨʤܻд۳֡
ѪĴۣܿΪ˫֮Ϊ˴˳ӵȼϣ˴֮ìܣֱĳ̶ȡ
صıرԨıʧرԨҲͼƴɱ
˻Ϊôʱ䣬˴֮ľѾ÷ˡ
Ѧֻһ
˻ʱСĽ̵Ҳ֪вٲΪ֪ơ
ʱѦǵģȴδԼΪʲôô롣
óرԨ˵ֻΪ
ٹûʣѦŭֱ˳˵ʲôΪʽ㲻ΪǳĹرԨֻ˽ϲ˻
ΣرԨ򶨵طʡ
ֱ׳Ѧ񷴵һӱ˻ȥ˿ŵȥÿһȵΣʲô翵Ĺʵ޵ة࣬޲ˡ
·ģְһҲ¡رԨ׵
ĻǷʵȴһҲûˡ
ѦȻˣһԲ
һʱÿ£ֻ¯żϱϰѬȼյ
֪˶ãѦ˳Ĭ޲׼
رԨ̧ȥͬѦӣıƽϵѦľϣ²ǲ׼ǲҡ
ѦڿáڡƭԼ꣬Ӳˡ
Ѧûÿ죬ӲȥĹǰһۡ
죬޵ľϲض͡Ѧ˵Ͻ޻̸֮಻˲Թƻ˲ŵˡ
رԨûκιķӦֻѦһظԼ֮ǰĻǲҡ
Ѧսȭͷ
ߣͬ·˵ֻǳ˽ģرԨ˵òŵõµɡ
Ѧ޴ӷ
ȷʵرԨòͬ
ǶŹ£ͷ̧ûǰ
ʮ׼һ붾֮ǰѦδ뵽ԼӴԺᱻĥ
޺ͻʽֻܻһˡѦɳƵ˵رԨΪͬ߱
²˵Ͻֻ޻̸֮𣿡رԨѦԼĻ̫ڱһԣʱջģǲФºͳİ취ˡ
Ф֣ѦرԨЩ
ФǳȨ֮һ̫ͬϵܣ֮Ļʹ
һ࣬ѦȲغرԨֽФҲ
ԺФֱ˹вĽ֮ʡ
͵رԨ˵֣Ѧɫѿˡ
ФҵĴʼѦĵ׵һ̡
һĳĬ֮ѦһȥĮسŵ޲Ը                        
лҪ˵۵50~

 46 

رԨ뿪ʱѦû
ص鷿Ĵ̫̫, ˶亹乡
رԨؿ˴̫һ۱빬ȥˡ
ĸ֪﷢ʲô, رԨɫ糣, Ҳ, ֻ⼸վЩնȥСӵˡյһҲûС
رԨ, ûظ, ǵ, ¥Դ𣿡
ĸ㶣¥뿪ʱűȲŸϡ棬ȥϽգֻҲû˴ŵԣ
رԨ˼Ƭ, ֵһͷ, һЩ
ǡĸֵ, ͳƽʦĹеĻ, ˵ĹӦԶ, ٰ¹ڡ
áرԨüɶ, Ĭһ, ˹﹬ˣ˵ĹԻš
ĸʱһ㤣ͷΡ׳Ļʹ˺ð, ѹѯʣ֪ˣͬ⣿
һֻѿڶʵҪش𣬵ڶͲͬˡ
رԨ¡
ĸ̲סŤͷȥţ˼Ѧ񾿾µĻʲô
ĳȨΪ߽ȫ
ĸصһǰ߻Ǻ߶ĵúܡ
뿪ʹһ·ĸһ£ү
ڴرԨӦ
СӲƺ˴Ĳаˡĸίص
رԨÿɷʣ˼㲻ع
ĸӦǣԶȴرԨֽŵ˼ô
⵹ûУÿձŲӲҲֻбˡ
ܷĹؼ֮ˣرԨˡ
ĸʵʵӦǣһ·ةฮͷǰѶĻȫȥ
үľûġ
ʿܻ飬ǿֻܿԼˡ
*
ܼˣӾ˻ǵ
ʵֻҵչֲ֮ȴϴʷˡ
ԭǡõͬסһԺѾίˣ㻹üѼҲͬסһ𣿣
ǿųսʱǮϽ桪ʱšĪӦš
վⶢŹ¹ţŲĵվ˼Ϣţ򿪡
һѦͷԷӲôǶ֣
Ǵ÷ġ
¿źЦʣʲô
ޱ飬˴㡣
һ˽֣ԾɴŶҡ
һϹ£ڽϹʱͶʱˡ
ʴĵù±Լû棬ʲôϡ治ϡĶҪȥۣóԲóԵĶҪӲͷƤһζ
ǰڹʲôӣ
̹鸹̣ʻڹǮˣٽĶԼ
Ȼһģȴ൱ĲգùͬԼһ𡢲ɷָˡ
²ʲ˵
һǰһߵһƷʱʲôкĵĹȴȤشɽ˺˹ȥ
ƷǺǧ߼۴Ӻ˻أ۸񰺹ҪϡΪ꾩ҲǺöмУÿδһһһ
ɨۼһŵˣһ໤Щȥ
ĵˣҲ
ʣԣƷͷǵĴϡ档
ӲƷǰͻȻһ硢޹ǵĹбƵģѽһˤȥƫо͵ʺ͹ǰ
ʵֽסȴšüס˰벽
ƯôˤĽ¡
±ʳߣҲ֪Ϊʲôˤıˣʽȥȴ
Ȼˤˣˮһ˫̧ͫصӣԲס鷳ˡ
µֻüۻһȦʱ˿ȥͷҲص˻ڵϵˡ
Ҳ㲻ٴɫµ٩
Ǵ̿ͣҴǰ
룬ʱꣿҲɫ-㣿
ʣ˹һۣǸ޸֮СŮûгԵģҿʱͱһ
»ȻŶһ
˹ȥնֻҪúûţȥ鶼ûҪ̫
ֻ
ѵصĴ̿͡Ц
ô֪ü
µΪҼ֪ǹ߳õֶΡ
ԱֻҪޣʵڶС£֪ıв١ÿȥôˣֻҪǿŮ²һֻ۱һֻ۲ȥܰˡ
ȴʲô
ϡתͷʣ治֪ҵȷòý͸ˡ
˵
Сǩĵ-רȡ˵ĹСͣһı춼ֺ˵ģȻ۸Ҳơղɼʶˣǲ֪˵硣
ԽԽü͸ղǸ
ͦƯҲÿһա¿͹۵۵
ʣ⻰ӹ¿гܾøסͣҪ˵绰
ŤЦĶл绰
㲻׼˵˵꣬־ﲻԣ͵ͣ˽Ų˭˵
Ҳģ˵ĵطǲǰ̸ۣżһЩ룬ƩĳԱкС檵˽Ҵȥұһ䣬˵ʲôȹ˫ɽٴˮѰԴ
һ룬ʾһֽ´Ӹ첲¼ȹ¸߳һͷ׾پ˫˵ء
ºЦͣ
ˡв¡
װģݣʱ
ʿƵر˱۾ʫԺ׼
꣬ŹµͷŽ·Żصϣۺֽ˵Ķҷ
ղǸﻹǶÿģʱ˲Ǯ˵
Ѿ˸ղŵԼǰŮ˳ʲôɴһԲӦµĵ٩
Ͳ˭ӽģʵ
ʲô¡ؽԻսᣬû̧ͷǰһ廨ƮƮطޱָס佣
´ŶұͿͷʲôֻವһƿ죬ʶʲô
ʣû

 47 

ʲ̫ȷͣЩ˾뺦
ʼһаƵĴƯƯСġƯͯǲҲرԨѦֱͷ
ֻҪһл, ˾Īسʵǰ, 뾡취
ʼֱʤ, ɫնϹ
Թ, ˵ǮȨɫȷʵ㡣
ʶǮȨɫȤ
ȻҸǸǮ, Ǹ, ΪĶܴϻһЩرԨĺô, ʵǡɷ
ǰһǲգܻͣġ°ֻǿܻЩϢ
ʲõ, ʲôϢ
һ, Ůɫ˵ʲôϢ·ʡ
, ᡣ
ԼĴˡ
˶֪߸һݲŮ, ôԷҲ˵, һľԴӡ
µķ֮ϸΪע, ǺͬͬסĹ¡
Ĵڱ˷Ϊ, һջᲨ¡һջ˿ʼ֪ĳࡣ
ĹļͳȴٳûҵƳĽֻⷨܰԼƢȴ
ֺαô»˸Ӱοʣ˻ŷͶͱǱ붼벻ĺ, ְɡ
ʵͷ˹һۡ
ٶԹ˵㲻ԣʣ㱻ô죿
Σǹ£²ΪȻص㲻֪Щֺ㶼ΪرԨôʱǼӽңҲĿĵġ
ǵȻһĿģ¥ѦһĿġ
㲻̫⣬ֻҪ򷢱ãˣҲԡ˵Щϲͬ㣬ʱõЩ
룬ҡ
꾩а˸ȵۼλʱ̾ŵҸţһ֦ҶïǣǻȨҲǻȨ
¸ʱúô⼸ңô˳٣ȴ֪ߺ꣬оֱʲô
ǡµĶţ̫Σ֮һǲôóȻͬӴҲ̫á
أʡ
ȵһεġҡͷųȻǳһҡ
ߣմ˻ֻһŮ˶䣬Ժ󻹵иŮ
˵ֲ̫١º˿ڲ裬ƵصǱ˭ô֪Ҫһ
̫˵Ըú
Ҳôһʱ£ܱﲻסҪŪٱôŻٴſȥ
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رԨĶӣ̫зһ٣תԵ֣棿
̫Ļǧȷֵü˳۵˵ͬ߷ƣȥ񶼱תֵةฮةฮﾹҲȫˣǰ϶顣
ˣ̫׷ʡ
ʮ꣬һʱµġ޵صɶԵء
̫ٵŷ飬۾ˣˣǵ갲ƽǸѾͷ֮ĺӣû뵽ô껹š꾩ŵصرԨǸʲô˼ϻǲϣ
ģɣǻûã
̫һšü˼Ƭ̺ɿˣҲûϵرԨû˶Ժܵϼ̳мҵᵱİ·˲ܲ˵ġ
뵽̫־ϲҰŷһӽʲô֣
һ֣סڳֵ൱ֵ֮ˣҼһԴߴأ
ֻɫظ̫˵˴˵ı仯һȫܾˣʮͣôЩѰֵ鶼мһˣ
̫ȻصˣرԨһ֮󣬲Ҳ˳ݺôȫòлˣ
һ㶣ͷ˵ǡ
ȻرԨĶӣһഫ̫мغЦСɲرԨһı㡣
ô
̫˼Ƭ̣Ȳ֣ʸ׺ֳ˼Ҳעʵģʲô仯ٶ١
˸˭ҲɵرԨͬʱҲű˴˵Ķ±ȣҲԼ˳ͷ
ǣձȥμҡ
СЩ̫̾˿ü˵⼸ձ鲻á
̫ФҵĻѦʱʵҲȫǸɵġ
ΪĸŵŮȻ֪μڵİ꾩Ǹʲôλ
ȵΪ꾩쳯ȶһֱɵȴΪǵ޷֣̫ܵϻʺΨһĻӣȨĵһ
ȵۼݱ֮ͻȻگλµһǣȴýĺӭͷ˰е
ЩһֽһرֶѹøŭԣʲôHҲֻƴزŲ¶ӹȵλʱһ밲ȣ
͸ҪҶвﷴͽָĶĶˡ
̫ѡͬФɱһΪμҿǣΪԼδȨǡ
ƲߵǳɹˣѦ
һȴ̫ȫȻûԤϵĵط˲·
·ڵֱѦ
Ѧ֮󣬶԰Ҹϼӹ˵λһСҲᱻΣӹñȴǰڵʱҪβˡ
ԭΪμҿԿŻʵĸݶһҶ̫ôܵˣ
İɡЦŵ֪ףжҲ֪鷳ġ
̫һǽŲƵķһŰӣβŵرԨĶӿΨһˣһҪúץס㡭ٴةˣ˱£ŽбͬԽԽˣ
Ȱ²ڵͣżָͬƢˣԺ֪۰ΪˡϾĸװ
ǰĸס̫˵밲ˣΪҵȰһ䡮
˵Ŀʵ̵Ǿ֮ΪȻġЩ֪ʱ˶ϣҲѳ
̫̾ɱȴҵĿģͬƢ꣬Ȼ궼ôĵ
ҪȰ䣬ȴŲ̫߸˶ʮһִҴҽڵ̫
̫һۣüǳŻŵʲô
ҡһĭɫ԰׵ҷȥ̫ҽԺĻ̫ҽԺ˵һϺõĽҩȥ
СҲֵ㾪ʧ룿̫õ˭û˵ģ
ͨһȥɬص̫һ·ʱִܹܣɼǽҩƿӴ鷿ƿ̫﹬м֪ҵǾϴģ
̫ͫһ鷿ʧѵǱˣ                        
лҪ˵̫
·50С~

 48 

̫һ侪, ڶʱѻȸ, ˶ʹͷȥ, һشһɲʡ
̫ȻҲָκܻش, סԼΪһʱ仯ҵɫģͷ˼˰βŵҪȥʵۡ
ߵֻСĵʾ, ̫, ûµĿ, ¡
̫ԴϴαѦ㣬˺󼸸¶û뿪ԼĹֻҪһͱס
ѦһҲûиԼĸ¡
̫ĵվ, ǵ̫, ʵ۵ĸףѵң
һΪ, ̫Ҫȥ, ֻһ, һڷ̵ĹŮ̫˵ſŻݡ
Ҳǳص, һҲϽ˳ȥȱʵҪ̫һ, ̫ЩС϶Ҳûкùӳ԰
̫ſڣصҪȥʵۣ·ÿ
嵶еڵſ, صͷ˸񣬵̫£¿ͣʵڲΥڵںúɡ
ҵĲͺˡ̫õ˵Ǻˣҵ·
̫ţǷ˱׿µ塣
һԵǳ⣬̫µĸףһССΪԼں˭˵
ͷҲû̧ŲҲûŲһ֣ʮ侲ʲôҲ֪λְûб׿ǲ̫ġ
̫ڵſںʱ䣬ȻӲûжԷɿڣ̣ݺݵããһ֪СҲͷˣҼסˣ
⻰Ȼв˼ȴŲæص̫Ļյˡ
̫ڿյּ£ҪߵתͷȥͻȻһաǶżҵˣ
յҸͥ
̫ɫʱһƬࡣ
ȻŻ֮ϵǢϱ˴˹ȥֲ£ʵҲŲٲΪ֪
Ʃ̫ıμҾǿѦͣĩһԼ˶ˣ佥»ЩֻҪ̫һ죬ҫμһ졣
żҲġΪͬϵ̫ңⶼҪ鹦ڶĻġ
ʱżܱȱҶһڴĿռ䡣࣬ʮЦٲܻǲ⡣
ŴȻʧɶȴ˲Сãֲ˶żֻĹ١û佫Ķ̰壬һʱ֮żͷȻμһ
̫ǰҡβڵС൱ˬ󣬶ʱż¶ĺ̫ľ
ܾöǲ֪֮ʲô飬ʶܿ˺ǹĳϡ
ǰж֣ǶżҼͥȻǶֵܡ
ѹӲԣ̫Ҳٴɫ
̫˶һۣԭϢĵ˼Ҳ˦ԺҷҪȥأ
յֻжصˡ
⻰һſڵնʱ
̫ضŶտϢʲŸʲôҿ
һڣԭӵڵſڵ̫๬Ů㿴ҡҿ㣬ֻһӲͷƤӿȥ
̾ѵؼʶǶһ£ֶڵҲ֪òó֣׷׽ѯͶ˶ա
̧һֱûʲôͻ¶һЦŵóǰһ̫һԵڵء
һµ˻õġ
Ϊһ̶ձԥ佫λεĵ˳ֳڶ˹ȥѩĵ漲׵磬ŵӡ
˵ȱ֣Ⱥ֮˵̫󶼱һ亹ֻһͷҹף
ʱһ˲·޷ֻһλεĵ⡣
̫عʱ򣬶յĵѾָ˵棬Цǣˣ
̫󾪼²ȥڵϵֻ֣Ǳͷԭķٱɲһ糤˷ЦģȴûһЦó
˶ſˡ
̫󱾾ͲǸӶˣ֮ǰӲҲԼݣԼҲһŷǣӲżӿĿİͰ͵ص㾹ڰҹǰף
̫ﻹȥ𣿡Цʡ
֪ôģĵܵܶǲҲ֪
뵽ʣ̫ȶӶڴ£˿ڿˮƮ£Ĳ鲻Ըصȥ
˵꣬æֵȥĶջŵ׷Ƶġ
ڵſ۽һڹ˶˵ڣ˹ذѵʡ
һ۰ͰͿŶղȥΨһǰ̽ļ򣬡Ƕżҵˣǿǵ̫ǲùͷ˵㣿
յıָмŤҷ£Ҳû̫ʲôͷģ
˵òȴһ
̫󴦴Ϊʱ뱨ˡ
ӱʮ겻ǣ
̫ĹڰƬ̺һִͷ˳
ʱŤͷһ۶ա
ƤҲû̧
ѦҪֲ̫һӵĹˣȫˣԺⰲһȺã˷ѣ
ûжֲ̫ſ첽뿪ˡ
ԵƵĵ˳ơ
ȻҲƼˣüûϣⲻǹܡ
ɨֵıӰĵǵúͼ˵һ
Ҳ֪һֱûͷܵĶʲôëѵͷ˸˵Сˣ
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̫õţֻߵȥμţǶʣһѦ顣
μҼűϣȥ̽Ŀ½ռʵĻ񡢽Ժӵ˵ȵȣʳʱʲôϸؼ
ֻȵĹֻҪű㶼ŶңʼǸš
μҼҲûעߵŮֻǸʵĺ֪Ҳ֣׼Žͷ鱨ɲ͵и̫ʱ͵鱨ŵˤԼĮ̇ûü۱ŭ
ر̽һͷˮ˵ǣ
μҼӵ۵ؽһŴŶҡɴᣱ紵һǵĻ첱Ӵֵ⻭ĸ۵ĻģҰй                        
лҪ˵𴲿ĿֵȥӸ

 49 

̫յμʱ, ŵЩװֱһ絽没ĵز
̫ǵ, һȾȵҪð踵ؽλ
ֻܻ, Ůɴ᣼ֵҲֻݵһ, ̫ҲǱŵһļ£̵Ƶ˦еֽɫ԰׵ؿα, , ȡҵİ
æСȥȡ̫õ, ڱᡣ
̫˺һŴӸղܵľлعδؿɢһصֽţûеֵ, , 
ֲԵӦǣȥϵֽ, ȴһ۾Ϳ˻ϵŮ, ɴ۾һ, һƨ˵, 
̫ƭԼǸղۻɶû, ȻˣҪұһ֮𡭡
һִ̫ͷҴҽ״üǰѯ, ̫ʲô£
㿴ǻǻϵˡ̫˵ˡ
ǰۣһüһʱſۡѾͷűʮģʲôϵ
˵ƶ̫Ҳ촽ʲôͬһģһ
֮治Уۿģ˼ٰɣǰø̫ƽصûⶼˣó˲ǣ
̫ץס˾Ƶģץסֵֵݡ
ﲻغ£ɣ侲˵űùֽ˹ظ̫һ飬йµѾͷʣֻǸСŮҵ䣬һ꾩ˣǡ
̫󳤳һ࣬һڲ裬Ʈص̫ˡ
ŵŻϸϸۣ͵ȷʵűͬŮʱһģֻһǣָʲôģأ
Ҷϵó̫ҡҡͷ϶صμܷ˿϶Ҳԡ»ȥ
ѯʵ˼ǣ
ע֮ǰҪ꾩ʧ̫ʵؽʽԼ˫ʮָǧҪСģκ˷Ƕ֡
ͬĴٷڶˡ
ˡֵͷһ˽˼δˣ
̫˵ͷĵ׽סֵֶ߸׺ֳ½ҪСĵ͵Ī˷κ˿ס
ǣ̫İɡ׸ˣ治ɫԼϱ̫ļ࣬Ӷ˹ȥ
̫о仰˵ǶԵġ
μֹܷ´ڵĺۼǱȻҲԷֵˡ
Ʃڽżʡֺȥ֮󣬻ؼұ̲סԼϸӵ˼˼ˡ
ϲ̨ԴȻǱѵһͨ
ӺܲǼҴرԨԸ˵˵رԨĻʲôУ
ҵվһߣȻرԨӲ۾
ҵĴ۾֮˫Ĺϵһ·֮ء
֪ʲôŭ˵ٲ죡
ô֪ˣӺߺһЦصǵ갲ƽرԨ˸׵ҵȻϣ
ĸһƺӺϣ࣬Է
ӸҺ׵ǺǰȴһƨҲҶţس˷ֹҪڣŲŹκһرԨµĻᡣ
ӵֵȣ֮һҴӻظϢȥԼԺ
̽ͷ̽ԵԺſһûͷʲôĵ˽ȥ
Ժ˿ӽ̻ʺȥͨˡ
ȻԼ״ʮ꣬˹ϵȴҪã˳˽ȥ磬˵
˵رԨ飿ŵʵ
һҲԷµԼ˵ʲô²Լ˸λ£رԨǸӣҼˣÿɺ񣡡
ӴЦҺҿ
ʺһ˵Ҿ̲ס棬ȥһǲأСֱӸ˵ˣ٣˵ǲ֪Լ˭Ķӣ
Ȼ֪Ҵתͷȥةฮˡҿ
Ӻɵزǰȥ˵šӴѹرԨϹϵ߽ӹҴӵһֽŵáһЩҧԼͷ⡢ʲô
Ǵμнġ˿̧ʵǶһ˫һۣеͫȴڳ˵Ļɫ
ÿòĹӣȴǸϹӡ
ҿ˶񡣡˵㿴񣿡
˫۸סƵĽŻŮСͰ͵صҡȻûʮʱʲôģ⻭˭˶Ϊǳ⻭ʲôطģ˭Żģ
ˡվʾ
һʾ軤󡢴ŶҵŮ˶Ȼ˸ʵʵĺܰɣ
رԨ˼ͳؾ˵һ̫ѰֻҪӣƳ
ǡǡһƬңʶӵĽŲ˶Էż̨ףҪȥ
ȥ˵һ𣬱
̧ҵȻһȥ
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
˺Щµ⼸徲ࡣ
ֻǻǰˡҲ̧˵వе̽ӡ
»Ȼѹ⼸հҲˡ
¹עΪʣͬرԨԸĿ»Ļ˵Ļˡ
޿޲ɵһû˵вͶġ
¥Īʧ˺óһʱ䣬δ֣ٳ£µԺ徻һӣÿ춼͡
ֻҪ꾩ùãҪֵġµߣ˵رԨĻ棬и۵©
©ʵһĿȻ˵ûǻûǸʲôģǸʲôΣҪʱǲǸýǼֵĹľ𿪣
ЩδرԨġ
رأرԨҲȥޱ˵ʱҲֻѦһڣͳĹˡ
һһ˼ˡ
ϾǸƭ֣ܺƶرԨһܲףҲûǿЦЦɵһˡ
ʿһۣͻȻһҲǲΪ㲢Լܻܲȥ
ʵüȴ˳εĽƵġ
һҪ˵ȴʱٶȱˡ
һҲûǱ߸ר־ضŹµȴĻش
ŵһȴ֮ͨˣԷصҳӣŰݷá˶٣߲͵ز䣬¹ع˹İΣعӿһ𡣡                        
лҪ˵Ӹ죬µ50С~

 50 

ò˵ԷĻסʵע, ʱ˶Թµıʡ
Ҵ, ڽϽס׸硣ʾ
, ǲͬĶ, Ҳʶ
ЦЦ
ʣʱˣ𶯣ȥš
¹ûվ, ̫֪ſǸ˵Ըˡ
ɫԥű㿴, һԵһɷģ, ֻȫȻûǰʼҷĲɵͬʴк߱㲻ȥϣ۾ԼԺȥƵġ
ʵʵؽŶס, ûֵܽŵķ϶, ʲô£
ͬ˹أعӲ, 뵱˵Ц˵
ʵֵתһȦ, ȷ޸֮, Ҳûʲô, Цһ, ǰɣ
ҽȥǽĶʼ֮İΣ֮ϡӵºͣԴȴϬУ, Ǹ˽Сˣͬ뺦û𡣡
ʺϵһת֪ҪȴвңҲϲ̨Се
ǹལżòУٲ壬һ־ס˳ȥ
ʵĶ֣һֻ첲˵أ·ȱ׽СУô
ɿңסһˣѵԺҲסļʮٸ𣡡
Ȼ±ֺᷢʲôѿڶġʮˡĬ
ţ͹˹¡
ûж⡣Ӱס˵ܵܵļȻ˫ĿȴȻ׼ȷƾ˵ҵʵ۾λã֪Թ˹ﱣߵԾӣ㲻ԸԸǣԼشġ
ʿ˫ֱӡԼĻɫͻȻʵᵽǰ˵ġ
һ൱ϧźͳʹ
ЧҳӾžޣΪһеĵһˡܳΪһةˡ
ȴһ⡱Լ۾
˵ԾǶǽ˫˫ҲӰ죬˫ĿʧȥӰһӵ̫ˣҲ˴ķա
ǾܵĹģҲ˴ΪʶҪдֵʱҲ˴ʡ
ⱾǼΪ鷳ܴݻһ˵Ҵȴڳ˵һ˽
δµһıͷαȡ߹
˵ƽʶʱ鷳ˡ
ȼͳ鷳ö֣úرԨᲢۡ
ΨοһǣҴӺ÷ͶϣףﺢӶѧˡ
֪αʡޱ飬Ӧţȴ֣˼ף
ʲô˼಻סصǡ
Ըʴϵ
˫ſӲǾôסˡ
룬ԾҡֽȳҴȰѹ˹Σո㣬ǽȥͲҴ籰ɣҲˣô
ƽĶۣʼʹԼǰڳˮд꾩ǡˮ󺣰ϢȴҲ˶Եȴ㡣
žӪԼûм꣬̾꾩ʮĵȻܱȡ
ֵܴ鱨Ҫǻ͸¶˼Ѿʼˡ
ʺӶƬ̣ȷԷ֪ԼڿΪ˫ǳɫҲһֱͣϡ
ԡ˵
ҶԹӦòж⣬ҲѦ¥ô衣
ΪҪǣʶԼڹеĵλֲôص˵г̡
ЦһЦҲûжӣֱ˵˵ע⵽˹˲٣붯ֵģĪμҡͣһ£ЦһλʲôӦ֪ɣ
̫
ʶӿۣЦ￴˾ǲ֪
ѭĶΪе֪˽ܱúܺãϵ׽ĶҲֻЩģĲ²⡣
ӼûжʱеסʣҾǸõĲô飬ɲܷˣ
һ˿
۾һԼż
Ҵ̧ŹżǸäˡ
ȲߵǰͷͥŮϣԾվס˽š
û˶ҵڵҲͬڻеİڰڣý˸²ֵķ֮ԡ
ʵǰ񣿡
񡭡͵ػعɴ۾صͷ̫ˣ
һ˵꣬ԼҴ̾˿
ϧҼ˵Ѿʼǵ³ʲôˡ
ǻ˷֮ʱ͸˻ȥ֪ؿ£ֿԼҴ磬ȻͶֻһ֮Եϡ
ʣƲߣ¹غþȥ
ʵ̫˼ҵļסˣԭûǰתһӷסӵֱۣȵص磬ҷȥ
ҴôͷʵĻЦǿͣɡ
ӽʧķͶȥ
ΪʧȥԼѾģһϤһĿĻȴ˲ʱӿ˳
ûǹ
ԣظطԼҴ£ظԱߣ۰Ͱ͵ؿŹֲҺ·߶Ǻ«ˮСë
±Цˡ
껹ʱǸζûȫ꣬ȴӵģˡ
˹лӵǼҵܣо
йһ֮ԵЦ֪ӻǲǵá
оͷǵãȻǵã
Ҷ˵⣬عѾת˹ˡлʵתµķֿ˵˹ǲԼ꾩дں֮У൱Σյһ¡ǹ˹ﲻðԸṩܼİ
ЦˣʣΪҺͬһ𣿡
ǣҲǡлҡҡͷѧĵķƵĽ͵жҾ֮ˣ˹鷳ʵݾ֮ΪҲԸ˴ųŹ˹˳֡Ҳӹ˹ϵõʲôάˡ
ڸµ裬⻰̧ͷ࿴лһۣûҵһ˿Ūٵĺۼ
˿ôġ
ǳ׵ĺð죬һ롣
̫ͬ϶μ̫ݣڼλˮǴߣ±ҲǵĹ¶꾩оƲ˽Ƶģлϸؽ⡣
ºʣ˵ʲôҲ˸öһЩ
Ϊԭù˹ˡǾܽܵġ
꣬һƳȥһʵı飬ȻɫĮüëҲһ£ɵЦһ
˹
ʱҡǸĲֻʮŮһܰȫġ
һֱû˵ʵ͵һϲٴɫȴʱ̹˲١
ܺرԨȻҲܽлԸƺˡ                        
лҪ˵Ӹдˣ21㷢

 51 

лǰ˲, ֻû, ҲϸǴδ
ܹ˶ûʲô˼, ֶͷԴú, һ²ġ
оɵģԼҴ粻ͬۿǱ˸Ϊ
л˵Ĺ, оΪεͬ˵ʵ, ˵ȥةฮ, ˹ﶼ֪𣿡
½ֱߵСƸоԣߴ֪
оͷ۵еĺ֣ϲ̵, һӱ, Ұʱһμ¿, һָ, ԺұһֱϲԺˡ
ǿɰ, ǿŵÿ˲ġ
ѽζ治ԣоԼ˼ǰĻ, ɿ콫ȥ, ʵĸס˹ǰҲ𣿡
µʱѾһˡ
о¶飬˵ҵˡʱͬһ, ǹ࡭
ʲǸˣ֪ô졣µ
оԽŵش˴֣ԥƬֳ̻˿ѹ˵ˣ࡭ûɣ
˵ʲô֮ʡ
رԨҪôӣܶ뾡취аһȥˡ
о˿ǾͺãǾͺáһ֪˲ˡ
ŲǸ᲻˵ˡпϵ˵
оʶصͷӦһ£͵طӦ˲Ծĵط˹Ѿˣ
Ȼġµһͷ׷ǰϣϲҲѰɡ
оûʲôɣ
ʲôµȻǹ£ֲǺô
رԨʲôо޷޲ƽصҴ۾Ϊֵ¡
Сл˵ܼܵ³ڵıԹ֮ʣ꣬Ǹûȥˡ
ˣоһһ
лºֲݷԵؾܾҪ߶˼ҡ
оȻֲԼҴ磬ίί
¼о͸ߡ
ֵܸ뿪ڻûϵǰפһ
µôˣ
˺˻ԽԽࡣʵƶлоҲ١
ģûղƵֽ
֪ʶ˶٣ûµҾǲ⡣
ԭֻһ˵Ĺ£ȴۿҪǰӰһȥˡ
е㺢ĻûȴµķӦ󲽳ţԺ˹ȥ
±űϸһʵ仰㿴ʵıӰȥǰͣƬ˻
¥ԵԺӣ¥Ѿкóһʱûгˡ
Թ¶˵˽⣬ʵǲ̫
¥Կ¸꾩ǱرԨ˱
ߵǰʱ̧ͷͬӣЦҲǸˣȻȥ
ȴǻشло֮ǰʵǸ⡣
˹һۣζ˵Ǿͺá
±㵱Լǽˣ°ͣʵ¥ԵԺôˣ
ûôؽˣ·ؽµעƫϳʲô
¥ԵԺﴫѪζԹ˵ԣԵѪȴͬһ÷ôۡ
Ϲ˯£ʾϢس̽˶ŵԺӣߵĻǽ
ǽԾʱʲûصص
ŵʵѪζ
Ȼú¥Աţɨһۣˣ
ˡ֪
Ҳá¥ֻ˼£ͷϰû·Ϲ˰ɫĲͷѪ
ʹӹ¿֪¥رԨֵµģ֪ʲô
¥Եֶˣյúܡ
¥ûкʶϻ˼ֽһﳯ˹ȥš
ʵȽסͷһۣʲô
ϵǹƳ棿¥ԵȥϽϡеҩۣѹڹƳ֮ӰƳЧá
ž¥ԸĶ˵㡣
ƳȻǹܻŵĹؼҲ취޺ؽóȻƳѹƣֻ»ʵ䷴
ϹƳ飬ʱ߹лԷŵϽѰҲһ㡪ϽƵأ쳯δܽշиԵɵġ
⿴¥ȥһҲûֵôҲ֪صϽȻǡ
Σ¶ǷǾȲɵģûʲôԥء
Ͻô̶Ѩ˲ѵʱӲȥҲһüͷ
ֻ֪ãôûÿô˵¥ԵģͬڹǰʱٲȻͬҸҽõĴ򡣡
ʽСҩУû¥ԵĻתԾԺǽ
վխԺǽϻͷһ¥ԣûñ
ᵣҡ¥Կú
ǰʸ顣
¥ԵĻӦָһӰƫͷɵض㿪ˡ
ҪԺǽʱͻ¥ɭķʣΪʲôɱѦ񣿡
ûлش¥Եʣ¥Եʷֱ޲ôƵġ
ʵȻҲɱѦһ˰ˣɾôĳѦ񣬴ʱҲĶ֡
һܼ򵥣ʵһʻɱ֣꾩ǶȻȻ𶯣ڽƣ򵥣²ͬ⡣
·ֲ¾ΪѦûöͬ⣬ǵΪѦĵܵܶͬ⡣
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ҪɱҲҪѦڵøγȥ
*
Ժнÿն濴
׻˵úã쿴첻š
Ժһ̫ҽԺְˣôܻһᡰ˳šĲţʱֵСĵˡ
һ˳ŵӣԺнȽһֻ̽ţ¶һ飬Сų̫ҽԺߡ
ߵһ·ϣӸסˡ
о𼱻ǲɷ˵קԺоܣҴ۾Ͻ
ԺĻᶼûУܵùһ˵ӲǱоŭӣҽյֵȥ̫ҽԺ·ϣ㡢ɺͳ
о˰Ѻؿڵ˾ܷģҷѾȥ̫ҽԺˣٺ»ģ
ⳡȻԺо˶㣬ҪȥĶ
о㶣Цһڰ˵ģȻȥѽ
ԺΪ˿ȽҡȻлʱɫŽӲ⿴۾ӣǺõúܣ
лԺº͵ЦЦ׼ȷϣ˼£һҪƸۡ
ԺԼǱקһﻢ£س̾һ˿ˣܷԸ
оǰлֱϵһСȡԺУٽǰգĶ˿Сŵ
Ժз˸ۣҩ䶶˶ӣ㽫Сϲˡ
ŴһʱŵԼԼζԺеüë϶صϽĶ
лЦº͵ʵ˺üʶǲͬǰҩ֮
ԺɫȻ䣬תлѿڶô֪                        
лҪ˵첻ӸΪ컹û3000Ҳǰף21żӸ_(:١)_

3000Ӹ

ǰ֢ü, 仳ɹ, ÿÿ´˻ɡл, , ϸ֦ĩڱ㶼״ˣֻε£Ҳ˵ԼްĻѡ
Ժжͷ亹, ֪, ɾʲôҩ
߰ǰȥһϽɣлЦ˵, ΪҵεµĲ
Ժн첻ˡ
ѾڣûҪȥˣлƮƮؽζԻҹ, ҩۼȻǴϽ, Ҫõġ
ԺֻƢֱӲֲ, Ȼܲµл˵˭, ¡
ǡл˵ͷ
ҲԺӲ, Ϊݼڣ
иŮ, ǹǸ˰ɡлȴ
ԺУ, ûŮ˭ܱЩĸ
һ£˵㻹˱أл뿪Цص
Ժ˿̲סֹԼ˵ЩŪֶϷˣĵı
꾩ǣ֪, ƾĳ鷳ǲóܵġл˵ǵȻȻҲƱܿѡҰ£ʵڰԼάҵġ
ԺŶлĻû
ϴͻȻ·ȥةฮرԨ˵һЩҲû
ЩȨ̫ˣ̫ˡ
̫ҽԺһιٵԺоĦرԨл˼ˡ
ǵʶεˣСôӦˣ
ԺŤͷɤӣزٽţͷŴֽͷúñŵǸĺӣٴ򿪺ͷŷһֻĴָСƿӡ
ԺнؽƿŤζü˼
о˰죬ձ뿪ڴԺУȻлĬĬ˻ȥ
˺ðΣԭصԺвųһͬµõҩƣȴֲȫͬɫӵظпѹ֮٣ҵϽֵֻ
˵꣬һ֮С
о̲סˣΪҩǴܳɣǾܲι˹Ĳ
Ժлعÿɵӵ񿴶һоϽ˶ƣҲÿ궬Ƴһ괺ʱ򿪣ÿһֻʣһֻŵģΪĥɷĩҩʱӦȡ˵ܺơưٲѵãƳСһСƿҲ֪Ͻòۻġ
ʱоɫѾˣĿİͰ͵ʣ⡭ǳĥɵķۣ
ԺмֲҵصʲôϴθнʹҲЩȥġ
оȥˣȥ⡣
Ժɫһ࣬ŤͷлˣⴺǴӶϽ˽Ϊʥҩó泤ѰҩʲôϽʼնԸͬ
л˼Ƭ̣ŵ֪ԽԽãʵڲʱƸɡ
ԺплϴƵĺЦ⣬ͷ˸ٶȶԼЩȨĿడ
˿֪νҩл˵˹żвʣΪβ꾩ġҽ㲻꾩Ƿ֮ˡ
˵Ժнüҵȥҽ
Ҽͳϼһлӹ硣
ԺгĬ˰βžͳҲ꾩ˣ
˵ˣ㾡Ƶϡлһڣ˫Ц⣬зݡ
Ժвٶʣ۵ȡһЩҩźú뿪ˡ
δҩúúϰһܿӡ
ԺǰˣоһҰ׵ĨǻˣսսϵĺԶ˵㣬磬ҩŲ̫װ
Ժеҽǵ׿ڳ޹ģ̫ҽԺΨһȥϽˡлҡҡͷҵĵȴ
ʲôоԺʡ
˽䱦Ƿ͵ˣô죿лʡ
оǿ񣬡ĺǣҶһҪҵǸ͵Ҷ˰һҪһ٣֪ҲǺǵģ
лº͵ĵ顣
*
лʾ֪μҿ϶ñԹ³֣æսСԺⲼ˴塣
էһϲȴж
սžЩУϴתǧһ֮յر˿һƤҲˣҪ˹˹ô죡
ûǹ˵ÿһҶ֪λãСıܿˡ
й´Բ֣ƲҪţȴ˵˸Сˣ
һͬСɣ͵ŤͷȥţЩٶȴһգ
һ˾װĶձŽվţֵܴ۵СһͻȻһһϡ
յķӦҲܿ죬̧žȵزżУöôʹҲû취Žϡ
ſڽǶһǶȷɿҳŶյӾϣ㣬û˷ְɣ
ղû֣˵ղ̨
ûն죬شŷ̧ȥɨһȦŷɿؽŽϡ
տСĶ䳰ȷݲؽҲѡõӣ⵽©ԺҲõó֣̫żˡ
ɫһڻͷðȶԴ²˵ʲôƨǹ˹ļңС˵ɾ㣡
Сǰס
ͷˡֻû˵ڣŤͷȥĶһ۾ͿĹ£ʱһϽͷĻȥظĿڣ˹
ҵܵܣաץץף½ܣ֪ôظ˹˹鷳ˡ
˹ûð˼ȴŵǰֱؿŹµ㶨𣿡
ʻû֣ѾʧɫذѶյԴȥ˵˵ʲô˹Ǹ
ѶյͷǱ߰ͣ۾ȴضһԵʡ
ЦһֻĲӡ
꾩еľִСС̫࣬ÿ󶯸ɸһ٣ˡ
ͱ˼ƽϳһ취ڹһʵҪ
Ǹ˹һһ۵صҾһûףҪˣԿǿҡ
εЦø첲ѵܵܵĲӿԣҵܵûʲôİãϲЦҲϣ
ܵҪˡµ
ҲǵõģоӡһЩ
ΪպͶͬС˺ü꣬˼ȴȶöࡣ
ͬĹﱧϰԸˣȴ취öͷ˽գԼҳߡҸݰʦѧ䣬Ϣһ룬żҲҷˡ
Ⱥò׽ҵʱͿİȥ˾żȻҲʲôű׼ȥ䡣
Ƕżֶ˸ڹ嵶ߵӵܡ
ôأЦŰѶյĲš˿ȥͷݺݵвӸһ߳ȥ
ձǺ죬ȴƽ¶ĸ첲ʾԼˡ
ŷصһ۶ա
ӣֿȿȵɤ꣬תͷ˹Ҿ֪Ϊʲô⼸̫˯ˣ϶Ѿ֪˹˹ĳࡣ
µǲμңͬμҶ꣬μҹõֶθϤúܣлԤҲš
μôֹ꣬һκã
°ܽСˣϲ̨棬ֵǿǿ                        
лҪ˵ʦȰСأʦ֡
ѦʦҲϿΣ
ʦ̹Ķˣ
Ѧ񣺡
ѧɲŵڴ˻û

 53 

նŶһһ˿ûо֮, ڹǰȴɵڼҵܵܡ
ذŹӿ, ŤͷмһװҲᡣ
, Ҳе㶯ͻȻԹµ, ҹ˹˵𣿰֮һǮǸ
µȻ֪ˡ
ڣܲµͻȻϵʲô
ʲرԨĶĸװƽиͬ, ޵˷Ҷֱ׵ص, ŷݹϵةฮʾô߰ɡ
ȵӻ, ûüֹѾҪ˵ˡ
յĻʲ̧ͷˡ
¹ҲȻ, ʲôʱ, ôûţ
û˽ޱ飬Ǹݹϵ, ҳֵܡ
뵽˵šһϵǱֵѽ뼷ķӵ, һ
ҶϵҲˡν˵, ĸ׵ıʮǰʹ꾩Ǩ, ʮûٻ, Ҳǰθӣǵ΢ѪԵ˵°ˡ˶٣˵ϾҲ꾩ĸ֦
⻰ǿ佱ģȴƵġ
ʶλȨ㳯Ұ׵ȴܲȤ, ֪귢ʲôرԨ޹ء
ʻǵһ£̧࿴һۡ
ƽͣȷʵ⡣վ͸ˣ۲Ʒ̲Ƶ˵ʱҲСĶ˵ģĵ׸ůֻԼ
ûټ⡣
ԾѣͷŸһŹӵĿǣͻȻ˶䡣
ԺĸˣϰģĿͷһ춯Ǳװס
µûվԾصˣȥ
տʣҲҲȥ
һʱû
³Сƽʲô˵ˣ
ʴȥĹ£˵һЩ
Ϊ˿ǲ֮٣ʼǵԼĸ״ûڹ
м͸¶Լ֪ǲӦõ˼ȴ־Լ󷸵úֵá
һΪڶͻɱҡޱ˵Ļ
ͷͼӼҳƽӰȴֻǵöԷǸСΪһڹŮóŮˡ
Ѧô̫꣬࣬ʵûнйһһסļֵ
ƽù¾ȵһ£Щؾ춯ء
ƽʱԴľʲôȴֻԼһ
ܵйŮܵĽ̵֪ԼҪһ˶飬Լ֮˵ðģ׻ͷҲصط˴
ҲرԨʽ˵ҺͲǸӡ
أʡ
ʵûͷûԣȴĬƬ̣˵㣬˵и˰뿪ܽ
ƽ仰˵ģ䡰Ϊ˰ңΪ˿Ϸȴû
û˵ĸǶԵģȴΪŵϡ
رԨ۾￴һ˿ĸ׵񣬷·˫۾ֻӳճ
һǹ𢡣
һرԨ˽˽顣
ʵڹϴ˸תƿ⣬ķˡ
ֵǸ»ǵøղ˵Ļ
ԡʲȤɨۣͶսŶµʵʵӵܿ϶Ǵġ
Ļվͽżֵȥˡ
ЩһһڣҪԼļֵϵó
ãһʹͶվ͹Żˡ
õķӵܸûܽš
˵˹ģСӿ϶ˣвȫϡ
ҵĲǹ˹ʡ
ֵȴΪ˵ġȡĴʫ
ͷúܣҶͽġصҪעμҡ˹ģһܼظμ鷳Ƿƣڱû˼ʲôаħ
֪Сó
СС;׸ҳĺˣϵμһֱ̫ˡ
ҲֹúܣҲܳҲȥμҵºˡ
ʵô룬ѾֿʼˣƩл
μ֧̰ԼԼǣμұң俴Żɽ¶ˮһ·׷ȥµ̫Ҳ˽ǣμҶʱëȻ
лһֱҪģЩμѾ˽ˡ
µһıϹ˫Ҳû˸С
ڳﰲֱμҳȥ٣˱ĵط±лסСͺݺˤڵϡ
ӵμִ̫еġ
̿͵ǳҹΣһν¥Ը˱ʰˣڶʰҹӰļˣúӵ˳ҹɫСӻμҵĴſڡ
֮μҺ֪ӲĲɣһʱ䶼ûж
³մǶμҶ飬μôûнеʮʧ
̫˻ʺʱμұ·ҵһ·ӣؽŮ˸Żǰ;ĺŹԱ巢չϣЩŮϡ
Ҳ̫һλõóֵģһʺλãμҲûܴ
ʵýֺҲףͬѦһεĻʺ󡪡μҲСҲֵʺҫ
һ㻹ֵðġпϵۣμҼ޳ȥĹһﶼμң̵ǳɹˡ
ʣԸȢŮ˵Ķɵӡ
˲ϲҲַչķӡЦμ⼸жûһģҲ߾Ρûа취İ취
˿ڲ裬ڽ̵ƵģѭѭյձǾ̿ͱμҵȫԺҪԿġ
¹ع£ʵȻġ
ܿʹμҵĵγԡ
꾩＾ˣôŲҲʱȥѡ
ǴƵĽ´ţԾɽҿͷϡ
뵽һղô̫ƽȴû뵽ⲻ̫ƽķʽΪ
Ĵϣһ޳е˶ݺݳԽȥץµļﻹֵصҵˣ㻹ʲôطܣ
¸̧ĹѾޱؽͷһ߷˳ȥ
һأ˷ɳ岽ľ泯ˤڵϣĶһݣ̧ͷʱѾѪ죬Ϊ
𾪵ȻСңҳ´󸻵ţڼҸϴůģ
´仰˵ʱѾʵʵضɱġ
Ŷ·ôǲϴˣ
Һòײ꾩ҵ㣬ôϴ´󸻲˲ߵѪߺźԼǻϴй£ó㣬ʮ꣬ʮʱͱˣҵƸȴӻô꣬浱û𣡡
סʵָ֣ʣҲ֪ҳʲôӣ
귴ס˹µ֣й޴ȥ֮顣
֪Ư´룬Цˣ۽ǻпС룬ս٣㻹ʮ˴ֶܱó
һ˺ɵҲȢƯϱ
ҵ䣬ΪǮ޸ҵģ´ĵ˵ҿﻹѺӡĻأ
߽鶶˿´󸻱ؽµļмˡֱʲôֶ˵˳Ѹȡڳ˵Ρ
£
ҪһжԼԼģ¶Ҫó´˵ˡ
´˵аۣΧȺ۳ҲӰŰɵ̬תš
Ͼۿų´ģʮˣĸƯԸĸԸؼ޸ӻҲ֮
´󸻺ߵġСһԱȣֱǸУ˲ֱӡ
кĵĴֹͬˡ
лڣôĻҲòˡ
´󸻵ؽŭչʾϣҪʱͻȻ˿ڡ
侲˵˵ǰдµģ
´ָʮʮĲ࣬ͷûǰ׵үԸµģ
ɻõġ㡯ʣ²ſʼǰʲôطõ
´󸻵ĶһԻִŵҵصͷԼеĻ顣
ֽȷʵ˵ϸչһĽɫͬ㡱ֺƣ´ǸѧģȻҲֱ治⵽ǲʲô²Ÿոġ㡱۾һɱǿʶ洦ɼֽСӲҪ˵˵
ͷī˵ǰոдİɣԶŵʵīζ˼Ҷûˣõһһī
һĮ˵ͬʱȴԵ˵ڵĻǳš
ǽͷƵıǱʵĻ
иǰҼķı⣬Աīֽ⻹˽⣬ǿԴΪ͡
´ȴؽ֧Ƭ̺ô֪ǲһģһ˻ô죬ҿֻһ֤ݣһ˭ȥ
ǰȴָűӶⴧһٵɫ̫ÿȻһҾλ¡ֿܸ꾩ǲϤҼҵ꾩ǿ˾żңҲǸеܻԼǳֲģƲһСܵ˴Ҽˡ
´󸻵۾תһȦٲȻһ˼½ڵģ
ԱиŮһЦˣ󡻹ˡ
ôһ˵Χ˼ҲЦ
´ģǿȢһò߻Ĺ
´󸻷Ӧһ׹Ǻһʱַ·û˵ǣݺݵص˵Ůһۣɴѻһܲ˵ǰȥʣСү
´󸻽ŲƶʱʵذѾ׼ȫʱܵˡ
û֣ڳػ˹ߣ·ڵȴʲô
ʱһϵĺֹ˳´󸻵ľٶ
˵£
ŭ´󸻲ţ¶һ˿ϲı飬ɿջʵ֣תͷķ
ʵҲ˹ȥһѲߵĹٱ˴Ϊ֮൱˺һҲû
Ҳ֪ûǼֱˡ
ˣ´һȵسȥƵĺ
ú˵СӳؽﳶЩӸµʣʲô£ۼôʲô
ˣ´󸻣ˣ˺üҵȻ˰´Ĩߵ֪òÿ˳Ƹر󷽣ٲĸг˿˭֪ƸǸȥˣȴûֵ־ƨˣһ˴ǮҲҪ»ûа
һƵúܣϴſ׵СӳҲ·ܵˮƵһ㣬ŽĿͶ¡
Сӳ߲ܿƵͣһɻΪʲôЩ졣
ܿԼ⣬ɤϵص´󸻣˵ϱǣ
´תͷһָ϶صȻû¶֪϶
СӳձȻضԹѶժ
ҲμҰŵˡĵ
ɾЩμҲݶˡ
»ûڣһ˽ŴСӳĻ
˵ƽͣ˵׹ҵ뿴Ϳģ
Сӳ¶죬Ťͷ˵˿ȥһ㶣˫ɵ۾͵طӦ˹һϷ˵أϹϾص顣
лһûоӰ˸ŲݹһõĶ
г´󸻣лʵ
Ŀʵ̫ºͣ´󸻺޽䱸֮ĵؾ͵ͷˣ´󸻼ˣ
ôǵǿǸ˹ӣлЦʡ
´͵һ̧ͷЩ˲ӣͭ۾лһͻȻһתͷҪس·
һԵСӳѾɫع˵ϡ
¿ȤŤͷʣģ
ʵ͵
֪μڱıʲôȻҪ
æǰæ
áºЦ˵
ҵġ˵꣬ǣŹµǰһ£ߡ
»ûϷ
ڹʱֱ޴־絹ǺѴǰտСľñһζͬĹĶǲһ
ʣѹúᣬҲϲҲվϷ̨ϡ
ǰͷ۶Ź뿪ʱúܣ·Ǵٶӻ־ͰҪɵĻ˵µСٶ
޵ذѲݹ˳ȥʹˡ
лƫͷ˶һ£º͵˵Ƚǰ°ˡ
һͷض˶ţ֪ˣ
´󸻺ǲ֪СӳӸлͶ󣬹߳һ·ͻȻ̫ôҲͦ鷳ģǼ࣬ܶЩëƤ̫˷ˡ
ʲÿɷһĵʹǰյȥһ㶼˷ѡ
仰ɡ룬
ʲô
Ц˻κյ֣ոȥһˣð̫󴫻
̫ǸģӦͲµ֪˶ࡣ
׵ȡ̫                        
лҪ˵ĸ¸оºһȽϺãûи˳һӪҺĩˣ
п쿴ҵ·棡
*
˵ʦժ˶ҡ
ΧȺڣ
ŮܣܣҲֲôƯš

Ӹ

¶, Ȼ̾ȥˡ
Сڹг, ʹ͵ڶҲ, ټѦĿ, 빬׵öࡣ
̫ڽ㣬Ҳ취ȥˡ취Ҳա
̫󱾲, ڶյǰʱѾתʮνٸߵķӡ
Դߺ, ̫ܾԼ, ż˵ܶһһ㡣
뵽ȷʵһִ׽ӣ̫ﲻɴྡͬ档
Ҳͬദӣƽﾮˮˮ
Ҫ̫밲¶ټˡ
̫ͷüϳĻ, ʱͬԼֵ, μţ
Ӧһȥȡ, һһʮؽ⼸ͼµһ顣
һ١ٶʧ֮, ̫ԽԽѿ, ֱǿ, ̫һ, ŭɶĶЩϲ̨ʽȴݾô죿
ûͷĻ룬Ȱ, Ҳ֪лʲôа⼸ƺμҧļ˿Ҳ鲻ԸһССĹ£⾫ֶηɢЩ
̫žúе΢ƽЩظԼؿڣ˰βŵǾ͵ЩӰɣл֪ʲôֺμҶϣһٶ֡ڼ䣬˺úöסչ˵ӣ
̫ģǸûСӰˡֺذ
ˣ˵ˣ̫۾ʵһ֮˸Ǳѹ֮
ʲôܴķˣε˶ָ֪ؿƿǺʳȱ´ʱ׿
̫ص̾ﻹĸס
Ȱͷͨ˵Ѿˣס졣
̫ҡҡ֣
һ޹װʱ鵭Ȼ·߽ԼҵĺԺƵġ
ûѾŮֻһ˽˹ͷһ񣬡̫
һ׼ţ˭Ҳһ˿
̫ƣ뼫Ƶİ۾ɣҾˣûʲô±Щ¡
̫Ƿ񿵽ֱЦЦ˶գ˵ôãһûţ˹ֵĵģʱ˶
̫Ųôġ
߳ѾͷȫĶģ
̫žѰ۵ߣСζů߶ĿȾس˵ƽʱȥҪ̫ҲǸи֡
ƿ̫ʲôƵģ̫ͬҳķСʱ
̫𽥸ֻΪ˵ǰҫһֵġ
Ѿͷ㵽˵ʲô̫ѹŭʵҿǲ壬סôŵġ
ѽһƲŷʱȥƵģҽտ̽ģֻ˳Ҳиһ仰
̫ûģֻ˵һ仰뿪Ҳʣʲô
̫Ц̣һ˲˲ض̫۾ʮʮǵ𣿡
̫ʱЩãȻûзӦʲôƵġ
ɲһĹӼҵڵĴڡ
临յ˲䣬̫˱־̲סֵض˫ۣѡѡ
³֣ɹֶ˵޵׵һ㣬´˰쾹Ȼû˳
⣬΢Цһ£̫淦ˣ㲻밲
˵գȴ̫Ļشͷ˳ȥȹҡҷţȻû̫
̫ʱȴȫûƲĿУ·ˮһشڴڴϢţ˫ֽԼļŵ˶ɸһ
ԱߵŵΪ̫Ƿ˼ùȥҽǰͼ̫¡
̫ȴ߶µȥץֵ֣ڳݲصֻֻ֪֪ɱˡҪҵ
ֱ̫ŵӲ˸Ӧֻͷɿؽ̫ϣ첽ȥȵȥ̫ҽԺûУ
ǰŸ̤ţžͷҽĺɵÿعǡ
ͷҲûһΣ߸˵ؾͳ˹ȥ
Ȼûôס
ѦԵĴ̫ڹſڲԶһ˽ͣˣܵصչһ仰𰸣ұ·
һЦϾӸµȥҪǲôţ⹬סһҲǲ԰ȥǰסĵطˡ
ǰڹסĵط޹
ԴԺ󣬾ͱѦ˵Ȳڡ
̫룬ûӻԹԵؽȥչ̫󴫵Ǿ仰ʲô˼
װģ룬Ÿ߰һЦҲûʡҪ֪ʱȽϼ򵥡
̫˰亹ĵչͲҪۼҹȥˡ
ҲǿģǰദǢѦ񵽵ײͬ̽Ե˸
ۼҡˣһҪĴ𰸡ǻʲô˼Ҳ֪ҪǷҪٸҪ𰸣ҵ˲ҡ
˵꣬ḣ֣һߡ㿿˻ȥ
Ҳû˵һԱ㹧˹ֵͷȥĻתѦ
ѦЦѵΪԼرԨһ˼ˣ
ֹɵصͷ
Ĵ־䶼ָģŸһ㣬֪ţȴܿƵظֳ˹µ
˰ΣѦ˵ŵʮˡ
ʮʮҲĹӦǡ
޲ǵӴǰôٰѦ
ֶԹдС֪øϸЩش𣬡¼ǵû
Ѧۣȴܽĸŵɫ
Ѿһ·ûʮʲôֻ֮ôһòص罫̫ҽԺŸ̫￴һʣ
ѦҲ̧ͷ౾ϵ־ɨͷȦطע
Щûʲôصãȥ
Ӧ뿪̫ҽԺ̫Ժʹ˹
΢¡
ѦɨԺʹǸ߻˵ˣֱ˵ûȦӣֱӵ̫˵ʲôһûõķϻһƷλ
ԺʹԲġֻ̫˾Լ˻ȥȲѵظĿڵ̫ﲻ֪ʲôųײƺЩ֮񡣡
Ѧһʾ˵ȥ
Ժʹŵ촽˺ôľĲſڵ̫һֱظ˵ʲôҪˣֻ֪ƣ΢ʻʱȴȫȻסˣúúþ
ѦԺʹĺ仰еıͣʱõ౾ȾһɫԲ㡣
ּɫԺʹ˳ȥ
ΣѦŻعʱʸ֣紫Ϣ˵ͳĹˣ
ǡ
Ѧžһʸ£ЦãҪرԨʲôܶߣ᲻ˣҲҪˣ                        
лҪ˵TATⱾ3.1ϵĸ£ʱѡQAAAAQֻõӸˡ
ĸдӣޡ

 55 

ͳһʿŴĹгʱ, ʵֱֻȥ¡
رԨĸ·ʶ˼ͳ뷨, εؽס, һ·ѺͷƵةฮȥżͳڴĹҵĶһ
ͳͲ廨, Żĳκӣ׵غֲǲرԨֻȼ˹Ϣ
ĸ治ɫ, Ȼ, ǰҲ޲ɡ˵, ӣ²ʺȥ˹ɡ
ͳٿڣԼ°͵ԼĹЩӼûúôԼ, ¿ݵø˺Ƶˡ
ȷʵʺϳǸǰ
ͳһ, ѺԼ־ػһ㣬ʰȥ, ܺ϶ã
ĸ, ܻĺܾá˶, ָ˵, ֪ĶɣܶҪ, Ҳٵ
޸֮ļͳ˭
ĸûлشͳĻԴһȺͳΧ˵УȻةฮȫġ
ͳҧ, ·ĿѾڰжסԼ
ԼǶνȻ
еҲǼͳԼĸԸġ
ãͳ˵ȥةฮ
£رԨ̵ˡ
*
رԨ͵õص鱨޹˵ǲɢ鷿еȴãŵȵͳһ˴˻صةฮС
ĸɤӵһ롣
֪Ѧ񶨻ʱ֣Ҳǰ׼ĸû뵽Ѧ񾹻ĺ֡
ֱ̼˵ǽ˷˶Ϊˡ
ͳԵЩͷ˫Ŀ׺ݵػźӣ·ͷװűҪĶ
رԨĸ뿪ϢתͳȺȿˮ
ͳݺݵصرԨһۣ㵹ǲ
Ѿҵ˸ҵĶһˮĹ򡣡رԨȻô˵ţȴûͳˮĶǽĿ˼ͳеĺϡ
ľɫЩϾɡ
Ϊµһͷ
ͳûˮһӷŵϣȴû̴򿪣ǴӻͳһͰ͵رԨȥȿš
˳׼ͷףŻûҵرԨϾƮƮ˵ء
رԨûԼͳľٶʲôʾһҲðһصͷŲˡ
ƮƮͷֻһֽͷֻȼ֡
һһѣһһرԨһ飬侲
ǰ൱׿رԨֻҪһ˼ܲµõÿƳֻܡ
յ³ģ³š
˵Ƴԭûȥ³ĵĿԸһЩ
һһ˵Ĳ֪˭ͳЦʣ۾ȴضرԨ
رԨֽһ¾䣬Ȼ˵һĹϡ
ͳ̳ǰȥɱƵĵͷǿ۵ɰ룬¶Ӷı飬ϺͿȻѡ㣡뿪ʱΪѡԼ
ˡرԨˣ㲻ܵҩ
ͳһӣǾ仰ʵ£ýΪôꣿ
رԨȥƬ̣·˼ʲôûлشͳ⣬ǵһһָҵ
ңͳ۾
رԨĬΣŵҲǲֻļֵ󡣡
ͳ㵽ס
ֵܻá
ͳ˵ŻǻɵضرԨ˼Ϣ
֮ǰలҪرԨʱ䣬ˡµǣô
ͳͷžذѺӴˡ
кһ֧ʽĵӡ
гѡͳָһͨɫĳѣԼؽ͵ϽƹƳõģ˶졣
رԨ˼ۣ˼ڹƳʱѣһһ
ͳüˣ֮ǰǾЩĳ
һֻһλᣬóȻʹã˭Ҳ֪ʲôһλᣬҪȵһˡ
һ⡣رԨ˵ûϵĹƳ潫һ˿ס
ͳüø
رԨҲһֱ˼ġ
滹һҲƾձиƾ裬Ʃ˵塭
Ǽ졣رԨ»ȥꡣ
ͳ̧ۿرԨǷҪ꿴µ壿
ȻθرԨʡ
ͳһʱҲرԨĻü˼˰ΣЩҪġ˭ڴ¸
һᴦرԨ˵⡣
ǣͳףǲǰɱ˵µˣ
رԨû˵ǣҲû˵ǡ
Ϊ֪ͳûвµѦ֡
ܴͳЦ˵ǵܻΨһĻᣬҾΪʧһ񣡡
رԨһۣƽصҲܡ
*
ûܼѣͳյ˵һ飬ȥһһĲ֣˵رԨó뿪ةฮ
ȷʵةฮȫЩףҲǴ֮ˣصҿһۡ
˹ϵĹƳ棬Ƿÿ³ķͳϸʵƳһǽ֮ձöһա
ǡµͷ
Ӧûдˡͳһüͷûɿ
ɵؿ˹¼Σûнѹĵ׵Ļʳڡ
ȴµóͳ֪ñ¶øࡣ
㵱뿪꾩˶˵ˡʣǹʦ뿪Ƿ⣿
ͳĿ˸ʶ˿ȥ֧Ƭ̲Ŵ𣬡ǡ
ͲµˣֻӼͳеõ֤ʵ
ЦЦֽƵʣϵĹƳ͹ʦйأֵϵģҿɴûм
ͳȻǴûƵġ
Ƴ˵Ǹʵܵͽڲ¡
ͳ²ԭǴԼ֮ˣɲ֪ôʻȥŽƳ˶εֵرԨϡ
һĹƣʲôʱηŵʱǸӵĹϵģ
ԴͷβĿ΢Ȼǰ㹢ڻ顣
ƩǼİ̺ۡ
ͷ·𡭡ֻԭֻȻˡ
ŵ࣬ʱ֪˹˹Ĵڣ㵽ڵԵ֣ȥ꾩ҵ㣿ͳԥۣԼҲ֪൱վסš
ɵԼرԨûлɹ飿
Ҳֻʰˡ°֣˲ͣ鷳ܶúϢհɡ
ͳӦһʵûʲô˵ˣֻǣ˹СЩ˵в»š
Ϣ©ô²Ϊʡ
ͳ˶٣ǸԼֱǵ꺦µ֪ˣϾҶ겻꾩ǣȻܻЩעġ
˼ã֪ˣлѡ
ѦҪ֣Ҳȷʵ˵ͨ
ɱһεҪȻһµɱ⡣
ʱ±֪£Ҳû̫ϣǵȼͳߺתͷȤʵرԨܴѣǲҲܴӣ                        
лҪ˵ֻ½ڸ˾ǧ࣬ǰ컹һֻ֣ʹдQAQ

 56 

Ҳ˼ͬһ, ظԼĴ, Ӧԡ
Ǳ㲻ҪرԨˡ
رԨ֪ҲһĹ, ֻҪõ, ʱֱӴŹ뿪鷳꾩ǡ
Ĺ»ûظߡ
ԭ͸꾩̶̤֮С
֮ǰʻҪȷѺͽƵһжһʧ
ͳлû˵ʿ϶˶ۡ
ġϿ˵, Ͼ, Ʋʲô
ʲÿɷ, ղһԲϸ۲˼ͳı飬ȷصе൱ˡ
ǶԼͳ˵һǼĵ顣
³ĲܴӣǻҪ꾩ꡣָص꾩Ķɲ̫ù
ⶬ첻˵Ϻ, ǳԲİӿ
лͶμҴֲһʱ, ȴǣסʱ䡣
Ҳصȵôáʲ˵һȷҲܴ, Ǿߡ
£Ť˿, ʧЦ, ǲӲẉ̂
, رԨʲôš
ֻҪܽѴ, ʱ㲻ٽŵʱ»᲻ٳʲô⡣
֣ʱԽƣԵȹ½Ķ˺ٽ⿪
꾩ǵһд˺͸¶޹ϵˡ
ҡҡͷرԨҪĶôߵġ
ܻ
ûȰ, תɻ˺ܾûûףرԨΪʲôҪôһ
ʣڹȻûƪ
ҪҰȹ֡ѹҡоݵصȹֻ̣ҪҲʲôıʣҪҲʲô
룬ͷˣ˵˾֢
һҲеةôֵ꣬ѵһܽλõ˶û
й뷨١
ɨһʣЦˣָͷȥüģֵѵˡ
治ɫؽ´ָסָ⣬̫ӡرԨȻˣʲô
һ죬ͲôˡµҴǰҲǸˡ
ֱ
ҲǵˡǵõЩֱΪҵֽл۾ŪϹˡµ͵͵ЦһȤתߣرԨ飬˵Ҳաֿ֪ʼǸͺԯ޵ˡ
ʣܵôУȻ³ɺ塣
ʰелرԨĺݣʵرԨԼԼľء
룬صҲ֪Ҵ̫ĻѾû
ʮʲôӣ
ļѵЦȵ֮ʣ̫ǰԼ̫˽ռܻá
ʣסڹĽƭӡ
ܻǿֶΣüͷȥ
ϲ̫£װҲԣ˳̫һԣǻڡµʵҲʱΪһ̫Ϲġ
˶٣ֵʱ̫ͦġ
ϾǶʮ飬˵̫ʱˡ
Ͼʮ꣬ʮʵֻʣ˰겻ʱ䡣
˭֪Լֻаûţο̫λˡ
ţҲ飬̫ܰЩעαסԼС
뵽̫Ȼŵòᣬ¶ʱĺá
ʶŹ¿һûѦȥˡ
óѦòˣѦȴѡٵܸĻᣬһʱ벻ס
ͨ벻׵ⶼʹ£ȴǲܵġ
Ϊ´𲻳
һõһ¾Ͱѽзˡ
*
ڶĵ£µϢ˹üɫص̫󲡵̫ҽԺΧתأ˵ǵ֢ѡ
֪ԼȥĻ̫һ˭֪ܽŵԴ𣬲ɵһЦš
ɲ˵ҵĻǻɾǰɷɷ׵ģŸͲˡǻʲô˼
¶˶٣жģʲô˼ҵҲ̫ס
Ȼ˵ĶȻǲдˡ̫ܽųǽһܰźݵԺҲܴӴˡ
˵ţЦشսԣ¶Ұòɣ
ʧЦһԴð֪ܰãȥġ
ʱЩƮƮȻߵԼҳʱѦ²̫ˣҲҳ
εȰһ֮Ҫ̫ͬˡ
֪Ϊ޶ô궼ѦС¶˼һپ治Լ֮µġ
ѦչǸʵۣһʱδһӡ
Ҳ¡һ飬µ˵º໥࿴۵¾һͬһϵ˶Ҫˡ
µԼܴӼͳĻвµѦرԨ֮ͻɺζüëֻͳĻͬ˵һ顣
ģ˵úܣͬ˲һԺ󾿾£»ǰ飿
£룬С
ʽڻ֮У鲻òԼȥĥ
֮󾿾ᷢʲôӵе鱨ƶϣҲ¸׼ȷĶۡ
֮ҵȵͻ֪ĵ˫ֺʮֵʶȥ֡
ȽͷЦݾжһ˪ҵʣرԨĸͼͳسǵ·Ϯ뽫Ѷߡ
ڲзֻҲ̧Ӧһ
ɵúܣ֪һȺҲ٣˭ֵµģ
Ѧ񡣡
һҭ漴ֱۣԭ֪ļƣеѦû˰ɣ
ĵϴε˻û͸
ʵ֪ѦʲôЦ²ƭԼõ²һжǺõġԵġһô֪¾᲻أ
ʵˣ
룬ʼˡ
˵ֻȥѡ
⻹
ѡɱ˹£һݡޱ˵
˵ɱ£Ѧڹǰͷ̧
⻹Ѧ֪ºͬһ˵¡
ʾıסһձ͸¶ȥ޷εȿ籩ꡣ
ļ־㹻ͷʹˡ
ͷ˼Ƭ̧̣ۻǲмЦҲѦʲôʲôûáرԨȥҧֻҪܺúõľˡ
ûش𣬵кͬĻ
֮ϣڼѦرԨ˴ģѦԶҲߵͷ
Ҫ֪Ѵةฮߵ˵õڻ͵ˡ                        
лҪ˵Сأ𼱣ÿ˶бӵĻᣬһһ

 57 

˵ĹнƵĳѴ˳, ɲָ, ͳرԨ˻Ҫæ
һ, ƵĹҪ֮, ˱ҪϽйصĸ鱨ͳû麣֮УرԨĴ̽Ҳϱ, ͼ³ǰȫ׼, ýʱٳʲô©, ƽҪٶȰꡣ
Ѧ񲻶ԳģرԨӦмܱҲͣ
¹شǻ˶, ҲҲڶ
ǱҲû취ȡòסһˡ
, ͬ⸰رԨ̫Ҫ׼
һȥ쳯ȻвСӰ졣ҪӰ, Ҫ׼
¶رԨ˵, ҲǸ󹤳̡
Ҫһһ, ǰԼ̫ںرԨϧ, ǱҪ, ةฮŶȥ
һһ̵Լʱ侲𣬺ҪĶ
ĸ鷿ʱһ֪ǲǸʱ򽫸յ֪ϢرԨ
Ƭ㹻رԨע⵽ʲô£
ĸ˸񣬵ǽߴתϢ˵˳, μҺңո֪µĳˡ¡ЩΪˡ
˵곤̧֣ۿ˿رԨı飬ò׼Է˳֮ԹǸʲô̬ȡ
رԨдֵĶûͣͷҲ̧ص˭ȥˣ
ĸ׼һű߰˸˳ֶһ£Щǽȥ˳ģиδġǺĬûһжȥʱҲܵ͵
ЩˡرԨöܣִ֪硣
ǡĸƵ̽ʣǡֻžУ
žСرԨ˵ⷴǼ¡
£
ԽۣǰֵµĹԱԽǲκ˺
ĸȻͬڵлһ
Щǹ»Ǵ˽ģ֮Ƥӵµ꾩һ˿
μһʲôٶԹ³֣㶼ҪԼǲһȺ˵Ķˡ
ǰµǹ˱ĸɵеꡣ
ٸҳֵģͬԼҰǵĳûʲô
ȻͬرԨƽֳá˭Ҳǿѹ˭⵲סһȺԲͬ׷ߡ
Щ׷ߵļеǱѹİ֮һеĸɴͬˮݵļ壬ʵҲΪƵģͽĵﵱ㵱ˡ
ĸ͵͵رԨԼͽ֮һֻǴǰû˿
*
յĳָ
ͬǰ򷢹ܼЩͬһǰǰ˹رϼţѯǷ߶Ƭ̣صʵ˲ܾ̾
ʲͨˣؾܾˡ
ڴ˲֪ڼյĵڼ֮ǳġ
Ⱥĵ֣ŵ̧ͷ˿ʵı顣
徻ճֱƣ᲻ҲȻġ
˵ʵʵǴǰվⷽģǺлһͬҳһˡ
õҨŵ֣Ҳصûϵ㶼Ǿ˱ǣǲ鷳ġ
ϾˣҲֵ¸ôãģ̫
˵ġǵ˳ŵƵĵ
ʧЦСۣ⼸ռʮʮˣʲôʱ˵һ֣
⻰棬ʵ˱˾Ͳԣڹ
ʲ˵·ĵذһڵͽ̧ͷһ롣
ʣ
̫Ϥ·֪Լղſ϶ǱɶԼѾŷĴ󵨵Ҫ
ʾñһشϣڵ
һСֻûڣִ
ǰһؾص˼±ͣ
⵱ûͷ˺ܿϷ
Ǹ൱ϵʻǵһ͵ʶػͷ˿£ȴѾЦ⽫¡
Ҽԣ̾Ϣλɣòã
ʵβһֱ˵Ĵ
ֵ֪סеġ
ޱضŹ¿ۣ˿ߣһ䣬Լš
صͷó׼õĵڶ뵰֣û̳ȥ⿴¶طһͷ׵ͷš
--Ǹͷ
û¶ʲôôСĹԼûй
˵ʲôоغһͷ͹¶£Žִ˳ȥ
λСӰɣתͷʣƵ¶Ц޵Ӣ۳ꡣ
šüûܸԿŴ˦οԷǸ̬ȺͰ˼ҡ
עµ͵͵Ӧһ
Ҳͬʶ𣿡±ȥϵĲʵ
ޱڹ֮ǰͭ
ջĹˮֳͭ
ĬŸ˲衣
лСӡ׵л˲裬ƵشϷǰȵߵİֱȵί̫̫һְǰ꾩ʱҲ
ʵĿⳤõͣڹϡ
࣬Ȼλͷȫ˵ˡ
λƺ˵塣
ʵ΢΢һƲĴڼ
ס꾩ǵʲôطʵҿǰǼû𣿡
ϷѾ˶ˡǺЦһºӣҲס꾩ǣӹǻʵߵĶ˲ţ͹˹ˡ
û𣿡ͨĺƵʵûʲôطҪģ
ããȴǰʱЩ˶٣Ȱ˵˹ͬʱ̫ˣҲôҡ
ܼҲܸˡ¾ص
ͷӣҲǷŲ³㲡ŵ¡һ˵иﳤͬһģһϻ꾩һעŹ£ֻʹ˹һ仰ǲ㲻ԸĻҲ޷ġ
ʡ
ǲǳĺ᣿ʡ
һԵʶܿóеϣ֮飬ʶת˶˸Ĺ£֪ʲôش
ЦһЦ˵Ҳǣʧˡ
Ƭ̣ЩȻðˡ
·֪𰸣ȴңңϵ꾩Ϊ˵ʹһ仰
ʱǹһ·ŵ⣬ֵġ
ʾվڹ±룬ȹפƬ̻תԺк󣬲ŵԺ⡣
ҳ̾ϢŵԼλ游ף־̫ģֺǺǹ㣬ôҲ
Ȼ󣿡ʱֱʡ
Ȼ󡭡̧۵ȴҵʧˡ

˵꾩Ҵĵ׾εˣ̫Ƶ˵⳥ٶ࣬ҲܽʧȥĶ                        
лҪ˵̫֮ǰᵽһա

 58 

֪Ϊµĳ, ǵ֪˳ѵĴ, ѦεĴԽԽࡣ
ͬйصġ
ѦûرԨ, ֻμȥ顣
Ʃĵһ, һѦ΢ˡ
֮ڹеʦۣѦζú, һԷѵ, ˭֪ʱһ, ֮ôˡ
ΪѦһֱĳ𣬻ŵû⣬ֻҧص
ûɱֵ֮˺ʲôϵ
Լ֪ûһ˿Ц, ûж࿴Ѧһ, 䵭ص֮Ҳû, ôһ֮
Ѧ޺޵ת, ֻǸˣʽȻΪһ˺
̫㲻ôֻʡ
Ѧʱһ˲
̫ȵ֮, Ѧ񻹲·ʱ㵱̫, ʮ, ͬѪûʲô
ѦʱһʱͷԷȣ˵һŻģҲǳɱȥδ뵽ɱһص飬ȷʵ˼˿պͻš
ɵΪ˶ʱ, ѦոϨȥĲʱ
ʽ㲻֪㱧ʲô˼Ѧ񼸺ҧгݵ˵Իʽ㲻
ǻʵۣžһʸ£ָ⣬ɵسҪһ˵ѵһбô׿ô룬λ˺㲻Ҳศˣ
⻰˵üأѦӳҲûԼôһʱ䱻ĿֻѪܵһŵֽűۿɬ
ֱһʶֱĨ˰գŷԼѾˡ
ʽǲǶʧˣѦźʡ
ŭúԤףɢȥҲܿ졣
½ʰǣҶԱºʧ
仰ѾѦԵָⲻƵز
ҸʧԼؽ˵ҾñѧʵȵۣҲټ̫
Ѧ˵ȴûᣬ˸ֽѦߡ
ѦûְϰקشĹصԼ޹֮ã̫Ը˰ΣŽ侲
Ѧϸ룬ԭͬļ϶ʱ̫µġ
ƣ񣬹߰꣬ѦһҲû
Ѧسһ
ǲεͬйȴĵĻ䣬ÿÿΣﶼ϶
ǰ˰õѦӦǰϴС£뾩ˡ
ңԶٽٴγ֣ѦĶһ٣£
ǣյȥˡֵģ¿ǷҪ˹ȥ
ţѾˣѦҲһֱλΪӵѣ˶ٹעŶԷľٶ
ιΣȻǻʵۣҪʵ۵ְ
ȻģաѦֽˮУصأ
ֵͷСĵشݻرةฮ䱸ɭϣӲʵڽȥ
ѦغһͻȻʣʽܻ߲ˣ
һعȥ
ĥѦʻӺζֻҲΡΡش˾䡰ҡ
Ѧû࿴һۣ˫ֳԼøɣŵҿ˵˻࣬ԵǸࡣ
ֹڵûҽӻ
һʱòȥ￴Ѧ˸Ƶĵˣȥ¡
ӦǣѦĽ֮󾪻δ
ĵԵñȴǰΪϲŭѱ棬֪ġ֪ĶѾ֪ˣСĸҲ˵Լ׶Է﾿Щʲôˡ
ȥѦԸҪͬ档
ǡϸϸӦ£͵͵Ѧɫŵľŵ׻ûٶིϻ
ʱ䵽Щʱ򣬸ֵȹر˵ڹԺƬѾ뿪󣬲Ѧ³ȥ
Ѧæһ磬緹ҲûԸͳ˹
һԸ긣ֵ˳ڳ˯˹ȥ
ֻ½С˯ڵоѡ
һԺʱ˱ƽʱõʱ䡣
̽ͷһۣûˣҲûͷ˵ʱĲ٣ûײˡ
ŵػѦ񣬵˺һӦ󣬱һСȥţСС˸֣˹СӿڼУ
˵ָ꣬ϸ˻ͷĶʱüëһ
Ժڴ˽Ų
׼Ц˵ٺû֮ñһ˳˲УôģʹӶù
ڹô꣬˵˻˵Ĺеģ޷ܾƨ֮ʶѾд˰뱾顣
һҲûϡ
ΪͷŵĲǹ£ʣһŶԸ˵İס
ܹܣŵһüëɵô
ͷԶʱһ¡
ܹ°£Ǳµֿһ۸üʲô
Ѹٱ֯˸Ļ
ҪԷŲԺͷ˷ֲС
Ǹַɿ˸ƣԷ֣Ŵˣһ˵
ŰɵضŸֿһۣʱʮֽغš
ַԼȫǣ˲佫ڶԺ˵һϣŴ˼Ȼ˳ȻҲΪ˿˹ġλ֪ˣȻҲ֪ȣ²ۿλ˹ʲôȱģҲԹŵ㲻ǡ
䳤һ˵Żǲš
˵ǸģҲ˶Ѧ˳ۡ
˾áȻѦ񵱻ʵۣҲôɡȻҲ˾áӵܵʵ۵ĶȥƾʲôҪΪСƨ
Ǻһˡ
ͻأ˵̫ҽԺزΣ˽ܲ
ǰһںö˶˵ͬ˵ûϢôһվʹӹдһ˯ѵجģ
ڸֺϴ˸תֿϢƲصǣ
ȻǱ͸˹ĶЦǺǵ˵˴ݷڶ࣬˼ҷʤ֪Ŵÿţ˵Ҳѧһѧ
üҲܼ򵥡ǰǫѷԱţ˵Լ⣬ǶԷԸҲŭ󶯸ɸ꣬ҪؾصصǸȥҪ˼鷳
ôô仰лЦŴָˡȻôɣŴڴ˴ұ뿪Ժٻ߶˼ң
ô鷳ˬصѾż˳ʹ˹СԸԸܸܹܵˡ
æסŲС˵ˣ͵£ݱ
Ȼ򵥣Ҳ㸣ܹܱˣ˵ţһӱֱȥܹôʹôˣᶫɡ
ס뺷䣬ϽʹɫΧļ־ǰֱ֪ͣҪ²ˡ
ȻٺЦһһֺκٶȴܹ־Եǰͷ
־һתȥ䣬к»
ٵؽһˤȥǰֺ̽ץס˳ǰͷӡ
һӱӲק
ڵж̧ͷ￴ֱӱײѦʱװģش󾪹££
һɤʮ㣬̫ڵſͨƵģԲضһ
ֻҪԺֻҪˣ仰ض˶ȥ
뵽֮ᷢ飬ǰʱһڣʶر۾һ
ʱصʱǰ־ԼһȰ½ճġ                        
лҪ˵ʦʱñµɨr(")q

 59 

֮, ȻʲôҲû˵, Űݷõ, ֻҪųϿ, ĬطŽ
оͰ䡣
û¸ɣԺһѻ𿳵ùһۿž͹߰ˡ
ʣ˸
, ҲһŤͷſȥ, ûĻᡣ
ʿӰ, Ѧˡ
תתָĲ豭Щô, Ҳ¶Ŀˡ
ϸոռ, ͬѦز飬һѦڵ, ˶е᲻
ô, СӷûдǰӲֺˣ
͸ð͵, μҸݵùľͰ취ųɰ
ʵǺֵüѦļƿ, 뿴֮ѦǲǻƤʱʱܡ
ҲûóֲǸɵġ
û, ͷȻӵ£
Цһ£µĵƤ֮һ㡣
վֱԲ䣬ȥ֡
ܿġŵ
˹һ, ĵѦĳ࿴һһ룬ΪʲôҪ˷ѡ
Ѧʱ˵Ѿʰˡ
ɤӣͻصͷҳȥ˵ʲôԣ
̧۵˵⣬˵ʲôԡ
˼Ʋءҡһû˵Ҳû˵ãǳȥˡ
ðֱ˵ܿ԰ʾɣ
ѦȻȥѣѾ֪ƭرԨһ׻
֮ԹԼ򡭡ְɣ
Ժǰʱ仹һ׼ưڵأѦشӴֳĳﶢ
⿴ǱڽµĳҲõղŷʲô顣
ȻΪûѦһӣɴ䲻ؾͰѻʵ۵߸ֱ
ֶȻֱ׵çײЩȴǺõġ
Цһ£
ѦԴʳʱƵϣѦ񡣡
жǰмĻ޷Լ¾̲סͬ˵ʳؽѦǰĻظһ顣
Ѧù񡣡
һ¾棬Ұ⻰תһ
Ѧ˵ˡ
κĻʵ۶ӳ˳ȻҪ
ԶѦĶͻȻ䲻صӦò㡣
ѦҲ̧ô֪
´ǰ֪ǻʵۣʶ˶٣ǿ˺Ҳ֪Ĺϵ
ѦڳԯԵȻս̧ͷƵĿʣ޺ͻʽʲôϵ
ǵۣصʵ۱Լ𣿡
Ѧ̱رԨΪִһѣΪŹϹƳ
Ϊܼ󣬵ֻ֪˻֪顣
Щ¾ɵܣѦúܺãȴҲһȥ
ԼĻǣȻ֪Լôġ
뵽ѦԺߵĽŲһ¡
ЩȥʵˣʵھõݣɴûдʣƫͷԻڵϵˡ
ĹѦѾˡ
ʵĶ죬ֱӵͷȥѦǰ棬ö֮վ˹µԣʵɿߡ
Ѧֻʲڣڹ岽פ㣬Ҫڣȴȡ
۹ˣص淽ź¡֪ǲˣ
Ѧһ촽ûޡѦ
̧ЦЦǷ۹ӡǷ˱ºüδ񡣡
Ѧɬ¹ȴһҺҲûзڳ㲻ö񡣡
ҵ񣬱²𣿡
ҲաѦɳƵص
ѦΣȴûŭķӦ±ͣ
ѳɴģĻʵۣǰԼĵؽԷѧȥûʵʱЩͷ
Ҳû⺢ӽ̳ģֻʱ仹࣬ʵ۵СëٵһЩ
֮֮ȴЩݵߡ
ǰƣ·ʱ㴩Խʱ䵽˹¼ͷ̾˿
Ժ󲻱ˡ̵˵
Ѧͫһǰ벽ҡ
Ժ벻Ҫٳˡ¸˿ڣûѦƵģҲ¡
ѦġȦ׻ûѿڶ
ôܶ˵֡
ݣҲáѦ˿󣬡Ѧ㶼ͬǰһҡ
ü
ҪߡѦѵص
ҴǰԱҲйɫӣαίԼ
ѦҲί
²˼ȨϢɴֱʵ²ɱң
±˵ѦɫٿȥȫѪɫԶҲ÷ɿ߽ذס
Ѧҧ촽ڿɿʱͷĳӡ
һһ٣ҪɱƵʣ˭˵ġ
ûȹµĻشѦ㱩ŭرԨǻʽģ
˿ȥѾȫȻûһԵʡ
رԨûнӽ㡣Ѧڼȵʢŭб侲жϣʯ߸ȥ˫ĵ۾ǾͬرԨ˵Ҳмʽ㡢˵֪ȥࣿ
ע˫·ʢҵƻ𡢾ǹʱѦ㱿Լʮ
ض˵ҶԱºʧ
Ѧ仰
ָ΢΢һ飬ڳȥ
Ҫֹ¶񣬳˻ȥѣʵһΪ򵥵ķ
ⷽͰѦǰ
²ϸ޳ֻҪ۶ϡ
ѦսʯԵָָⶼȵİɫ
²ָ֣һҲǰ̽
ܺȥٳѣΪ̫翣Ҳ˵ԼֹĳûüҲδػɹĳԣĻ˹ѦԼʵű߿ʲôҲ
һӶҲԸʩ
Ѧ¼ĿܣɲҪ
ذɡעѦеѪ˿صҪˡ
õѦһ˿ɱԵҲ񾭡
Ѧվû֣Ƶĵʽ㲻ôҵġ
ǹ£»أҲ֪ζԴ¡ֻбԼˡ
Ѧ·ͱһƵĵһ
Ȼ
ԲŻẦ¡
ŵĶŲ֪˶ãѦڻֱ޲ɱ㣬Ҫ㡣
ͻȻʲôһ㣬ɭߴ˹ȥӵظҪرԨ㡣
»ûʵѾѦ۾Աವһ´˹ȥ
ǻʵۣҲ֡ʱص
Ѧüëûһ£ŹֵЦЦڡԺߡ                        
лҪ˵ǰѦرԨȻʽ
Ѧž

 60 

һյĴν֮, ҲûбΪ̼һˡ
ڹǰѦʱ, Ѿһղ⣻ɵʽذ׿ѦĲʱ, ֿʼ˼ԼʵѹӦóϵˡ
÷ôǰأ
ǳ, ϣýȥ㾹Юֱ£
ţ־;㤵ƼϴûгֹС̡
ð, ˶˵ǰЮ𣿡˵, ҲһΡ
ʡ²ͬػ
Ȼֻǿһ۱㽫ĿƻصѦ, ǻʵۣҲֻһѹ˵ɱˣҲó
Ѧ۾, ͫѪƵһ¡
ط, ϵô㣿
´˼Դǣվ, , ֪Լʲô𣿡
֪Ҳûת, Ҳ֪
Ѧᷢŭ, ΣҲᷢ
ʲɱѦ, ³Ѧ뿪Ѧʲʹɱ֡
ôһвҲ˳ȥѦɡҪڹֱ׳
Ⲩ£رԨضֹѦ񶯹൱Ҫ, 꾩һս
˵˳ѳҾߵʱ֮һӳˮةฮ⾲ǱȴǸʱ١
ҪһǣɵİѦ񲻻ᶯ
ܼ򵥣Ϊйڡ
ѦЦץסذ׵˿ηǾͺԼǰУ꾩ôΪʲôһҰҲϵ
ҶԴӲ¡һǴžӸµĶѦ˵ˮӰ
Ѧ񱻲ʹţɫʱúҪγī
Ըֻ˶εȥµӰӣζԶòˡ
ˡͷ۵̾Ϣǰ͸ֽŵעֱӲʺѦĶš
ֱȥѦһһŵעУϸָ˺ĵϡ
֡ƫͷ˵Լֻסһɻ֡
ʼס˺
ıжֻԼ֪
˵һϸƤ⣬㻻ԱƤҲһͼѪ顣
ɹȴ赭дֿȭؾס˵Ƭ
ѦѾһɿ֣ضŹµָղŲذʱѾܲжˡ
ʱһߣѦ񲢲£ֻǽַȥȴʶط·һҲõвܿƵҡθ
ʶΪСġһһؽذ׷ֳƽ߶ȣǹֱƽĸ߶ȣȻûҷ֣һСذױʧƽ⡣
¸ֵ֡
Կһֱۣǽɿˡ
һ̣Ҳָֿذ״ָˤ䵽ϣ㵱ॵر²ƽ
Ժ˲Լͬط˿
ֹѦʵĽţ²תۿѦ
㱾Լղȥ޾Ԩһˡֲ֪ôرק˻Ѧʶ˿ڿˮɵ޻عȥ
ƫͷʡ
ͬӰΣǿƲ߲˵
¾֮𣬲ͬҼҵܼܵƽϵİɡֻתͷѦ
ѦüƺܲղžɱȻ治ɸղʻᣬСһĨĺ
뵽еʣǣϴǣϴҲǡ
ǡƽϵİɡϴǡͣ֡ϴǡ¡ǲԵɵĻػ˵ý̲סʡ
ǰܱʽ㻤̵ĶѦ
Ѧţӱﲻ鲻ԸӦһš
ֻǿڹ̫ʽķϸһӡ
һΡ
Ѧĳŵ±ûٶɫɨһ۸֣ŵû˸顣
ѦҲ߳˸ֵϡ
ò̫ܹλõĸ»˸Űӡ
Ӧɿصͷ˹Си֣ڱźġ
˵䣬ֽ̧͵˹µı顣
Ȼ֪ôľͻȻ顢˹ü۽ϸ΢ѿڽɫҲˣ¼ȻҪعҡۼҾͳȥ׼
ΪԼĴǸ̾˵󣬽͵ԭصȴϢĹû˷ԣʱϲüңҴ˳ȥкͷ
Ѧ촽ͷȻܿüղҧµĳӡ޸
ü
ۿºܿҪظһ顰ҪѦķӦҲܿ죬һתˣû˵Ļᡣ
ǻʵۣ˵ˡҪ뿪غκ˴к
첽ԺѦ̲סͷֿһƽƽСԺع
ڳһѦ͵رһԼԴ
ڵȥּβͻʽ˲ɣ
Զȥղűųһ亹亩ӺЦصղŹ˹мֳļƣϹս˶סˡ㿴̫ᣬͳϴ˵
װģˡȥصذ׼վֱʱʲ֪ʲôʱѾŤһ˲˲ض
¼ȾȤеЦ
ᷭת󣬺޹ɵ伸£Щ۾
ŴˣҼҲʱˡµ
㶣ȻЦǸˣ˹һ䣬ͬ²һԺܳŰɣ
ʻʱһֱͶƵߣֹСôҰǻƵôײУ˶࿴۶ɡ
һαˣȴؾˣλҲֻһң뽫ͬ𣿡
ǰⲻ˹ǳдʡ
ȴ·𿴴˼ƵתһЦҿҪ˵ˣҲϲгġ
ǰϲҲϲ
εºףֱֻˬص˹˼ˡ
ŴǸ˱òˡ͵ص
䣺ⷴžո뿪Ѧˡ
ʱ䵽ʵ۱ǰûϵľأ
˹ˡص£óȻŶλ뱣ܷġ
˵߾ߣһˮҲûУղŻеӵԺʱֻʣ˹ºˡ
ﻹЩȡ˵ǰذףɵ̧ͷЦһ£쵽緹ʱˡ
ʣ͹֮䣬ͨǸ˫Ĭĺͺźš
û˵ȥȡеذףԹ׼ȥʱȴذһ¡
ʣʱһɲԤ
Ȼذ׵¸˵ܲúиˣ
ʶˡ
ʡ

 61 

ʾԼһʵûʲô, ù½⡣
˵Ķжѳԡ
һ͢ʳָһһ˵Ȼⷽ
ڹ¶ƤӵĹǹ, ȴǸ۲۵Ļӡ
ˮ᲻, 뱻, ջǵ㲻žǱȹڡ
¹иҲľս
ֹؿŹذܲ
ذСխͺͲ˵һ;¹⿴Ͳ赶Ūǹ, ǺֽһذһһܲƤ, ּг൱ܲ, оһֵָֻԱΣյػȥʿľ
ˡ¶Լĳɹ¶ı飬ˮ
ǰµ̨ϣԴ, ȥҨˮ, 𡣡
ôˮȻȫ㡣
¼ֵ, Ҫ𡣡
ʣõĲ, ĳ˴, Ҵˡ
дЦЦ, ĵذŸܲذ, ¶֪Сӡ
ϥһʹɵûֻ׼ʴʣ׼Ҳ
ֻ˵˵ȴȶֵǸ
ܶ, αغϻô³ǻʵô㲻˵ʵҲ
˵ʱԼ۵еֽҲһˮѦҲһֱٴɫ˵Ҳݡ
µĶͣذףЦöŹˡ
ʣ˿ǲС۳ذףֿӼһţԲҴˣúѦִȰذ׷¡
ǲ̾Ϣֻûʲô˻ʵۣЩر
û˵Źµ֣ɬֻջǵġ
ǹ´ʮģദĲһ롣
֪£ֺαȥνĹ̡µ
֪ˡʵƲһջƽߵԣסذ˻´βˡ
ѦûйϵҲûйϵû͵˵㱾ڲ֮أΪʲôҪ󶯸ɸꣿ
֮ء
һЩԼָ
ܲЩǵͷԴеȥҹµߣȷ仰ǲ˼
º죬˹ؽӷߵʮˣƵĸ˼̡
̲סȥ󣬵Ҳ
ʧЦʾǸؼҵèƵģгָըһëʶŨ
뵽Լǰڹ׻º͵شʵֱ㲻еġ
ĿתضŹ£˾ܿβëصǿС롣
֪²رԨѦ񡭡ȵôʲô
ɼˣһŵѾ㹻зµƫִƽϢ
̲ס룬ʱͷȥһڣǲǻ֣
ܲĽռаĽ֮Ĳ
㡭ɳƵصڹУжҪ
´úܿ죬ŵݵЦ⣬ҵ֮ˡ
ʼ⣬ֲ⡣
ѥɦײʹ졣
͵͵غһǽƵĵѦģֻӦսˣҪɱϴҹɱ
Ҳˡµ
ʣǵصĲ͸߸ֶͷһˮ˸Ϩ
ŤŤؽߴӹƿһ£ܿŲ˻еҧгݵصš㶮ˣҾ֪˵ֻʲô
£ɻʲô
֣˵֪ĺ
˼һ⾿㲻Ǹвſ궯س³ĳѾˡ
ȳտɲǼͿģҪɫ츳С
ƫͷһۣף´λط䡣
£ֵɵĵ̹Ȼá
*
꾩ոض̡
շ·ǰµ飬ת۱ֶ˱ůļ£ϵҶҲضǣɪ֮⡣
иɪ
ԺƵ񣬺ĳҲȡ
УǵһԵģҩܿĹƳ˺壬Ȼǡ˵ʲôҪ
£ֹŹ˵ҪΧԺסˣ¶Ҫűʾʲô¶ɡ
˹ҩڡԺпĵ˵ҩҪĲǿζЧΪβҩѺЩʲôأ
˭ɹѾǴǰʲô඼üҲسȥˡ
ü۷ԼǰִɫҩͶʡ
ʣ
̵ʣػ֪˵Ҫġ
ӲĳƲ߲ȥµ۾ֽǰƣһ֣ȡ
ǰ˴һսߣпԣͷٶһѾҩܿɬýͷԵζʶؽüܾø
յðֽ˵ĲҲû̱ǵζ
ԺпصֻŹ죬ʵζûŹ֡
ͷҲ̧صԺҳһζ
Ժ治ɫŤͷ
ҩʱǱζӲǺŹġ
һԺÿμ룬һȣͬ
˷ѡܾ
ֻܹôһСƿҩۣôܷһ
˵ô죡
˼Ƭ̣ת£ÿհʱҩҾԵĵġȾûˡ
ĵҩͶô
ʶʱıͱһ
³̾ϢҲ֪ҩ֮ףòײŵǰȱ˷˵Ͷ
˿ҪűӽҩƵҩһȥʱԺš
л
˵ԺнҲ˹лһ£ѯʵʲôζ
Ժһǳҩ
Ʋ죬ɲǣζЩ±ȥˡ
лףҩڲ˹ＴÿٺȵҲܵ÷ȥźáȳһԣ
ȰºͣƢٻҲûɷ
еעüһСڣζӵĿڸ޹ǰһڣر۾
һȥһͷ֪ˡ
Ͻ˷ΪʥҩĶζ𡭡
Ͻæҵǰݵֱߣڡ
ˮû𵽳嵭йζãߵҲ̫Ѻˡ
ۣûü꣬лѾԥصȻڣ绹Ժеһʱտ
ۿĸʱ߷ֻܳԼǰһţһں꣬ȻҾȥѦ鷳ˡ

ԺУ
л˼شȥ·ʲô
ε۾һۣ㵹ѧôвˡ
ʷ¶ʣȲȣ                        
лҪ˵ʦ˼Ҿǰôġ
Сع

 62 

ʶĵĸǹڲѦİΣ, ǹڲںİΣ
ʵҲû, Ͼִǿ൱Ժ
ڹֻεؿһ, ذҩһˡ
ʲɫ˿, Ҫȥӿʱ±жƵϵ
Щͣ, £
ﻹпչ, ©һ, ɿֻסһͷԹĹ£һ˲ҩǲֱ¶鶼йһ飬ֱ˴
ҩҲζֱ֡Թ˵ʲôĸҳԶûˡ
, ŷԼһ˲侹ųһ亹
ù´ǰԴḧĺ, ܲơ
ôѺ𣿡ĵض׵Ա, ̧ȥҹµ, ЧĻ, úüȥ, òã
ſʼ, ˶һҩÿʧȥ֪ۿͰ͵εǺòײҩҹԹԺȾˡ
ͬò, ҪοʱȴŹһվ
ȥ

ʱ»ݣ޷޵תͷлԹ㿴СӣǰӲϰ³Ļøңȴ鷳¾ôӵͷˣֲĳ
лԴǣĶŵЦЦҸ֪ǣ㷽ǲѿڶһ䡮¡
ٿһʶػһԼǰ˵Ļ
ȷʵڻ֮²Сĺһ¡
лֻϺˡ
üŤͷһԵԺС
Ժգգۣ͵ػعȻ򡱣һøϽ̫ҽԺȥλ£һ
ѵԲһεԺԼҩ䣬ˡ
˿صһ˵ɣˡ

ˡļл˼Ƭ̣رԨˣ
㣬㲻ţʡ
лЦûرԨǰִǲеġߣǳڣرԨӦҲԶֹһ׼ġ
ǲ֪ʲôɵ
ĵûʲôģлȻ˵˵ةฮȥһڹײģ㲻֪ʲô
ײģüôرԨڸ˭׼£
ҲײΪ˭׼ġлڡи²ˡ
*
ҩôѺȣҲֻһعൽԼȥٱ
¾ʵڲԼ̫ҩѺȵó˵Ľ޶ȣͺȶԿҲ̵һ
һϵϲŲòҩ꣬ʹر۾
졣ʵ
Ҳſ죬һ̶
ûȥǽڿкһͼ΢ζ춼ǵĿζ
Ծӵ˰Σòȥ
һ۾˿ʣ´η㳢һԣ֪ʲôζˡ
ζضŹ촽һ赭дؽƿС
̶̵س꣬²žԼС
뵽컹ôһ⣬ʱǰһƬա
һյͶιʰĵü˯
üҹȻ
Լſڳʻ˻֣ûκγŵڡ
͵֮£½ϵһӳ˳ͷβһ飬ʱüʱ˼
ȵȫ濴һ֮Ƭֵ̣ͷīŲпհ׵ĵط־ȥ
һѾǰʱ飬½ɵĲӺҪ·Żعϲ۵ĵطʱͻȻ͵һ޷ΣУʲô԰жסһ㡣
Σ¶ֱ൱ΣһֽһţһֱⳭԼһݺȥһתץ̨ܡ
Σ֪Լ϶Ǵ򲻹ģֻΪϣ쾪С
ʱִ֮£ԼǲʲôҲûų̈һܳӣոżһͷײʵĻ
ʵ
űԼС꣬ȴԾ˿ҾƺˡСЩ
ʵнϹöࡣ
һѾ洫OO@@ŵ棬ϸС
̫Զʲù̫Զһһ֮С
ûйԴΨһڹУֻ˽һƬ档
¾̨ͼԶĵطȴһ̴ֹĵֻڱʧԴǽߡ
ʱ֪ôģµĿͻȻͣһģǷ·һŲȿյĸоʵض˶ü
档ʵ
̻񣬡ǲ׷ˡҪô͸ƵĻԶҪôܻᾪ౻ΧĻǡ
ûµĻǡ
ʲ˰ΣûղǹĸO@
Ծɲĵؽӹ̨˹µӣʲŵȥ濴
뿪޸֮Ĺ̫Զɾڶ˵¥Ծûˡ
ٳǰһԲؽڵɷ˵ؽ¸ס
꾩ۿҶɪСﾭסҹ磿
ºرŹëߵ۰˼ʣղŵĵЩΣ֪ǲǳ˵İšӵɫȴǵһġ
ȻҲ̴ٵĵϸղڵ춯иΪԵжϡ
ȥ¥￴
¥ԻˣȻҵǲ֪ʲôʱϵôã
ʺջ
һʲ¥ԴڹǰҴڸУһ¥ԼҲµΡ
˫һļϣڼ¥Եͬں֮ǰһ伣ֱŲ治֪¥Ѿ꾩
ؽ¥ԵԺӣʾӴ졣
˵ƺ
ź¥ԺܿӦˣʱɫɱϡ
ѿ֣¾վԣӦܿؽĻ˻ȥȻص˸õЦ˹
£۵ǰףʲô
ˣ¥治ɫһӵÿ죬ץסһѾͷסˣվȥ١
˵ţʷɿؽ˸׶
Ӳ˵©죡
¥вߣݵ˼Ȩһ£ͷԹµˣȥϢӦȫˡ
üﻹ²֮Сܡ
ҹȷʵЩ룬ɴûͬԹԻȥˡ
͹»ȥֽһӣȷϾǱΣպ󣬲Źٶȥ¥ԡ
¥ֻڹµЦٴӰ٣Ժһɵڵء-ֹԿʣϽˡ                        
лҪ˵ǲǶ˰оµ𽥱_(:١)_

 63 

Ժ, ¹⿴˵ڵ˵װ硪Ȼͬ꾩ۿɱ
ͬ飿ʳʡ
¥Ц, ɱˡ
ڹǰ˵ʵ, ʱȻٹ˼, ׼ʣõǺܿ졣
ĬضȥرͱһϽ˷, ϸѰһ, Ȼҵһ΢΢Ťĵӡ
¥ȥϽ, һ۽˳ѡ
ղʼһѣµϽˡ
¥ԷرԨȥϽ飬ð˴踽Ͻʥҩǿ͵, ȻϽ˵ķߺ׷ɱ, ֻٶȻǱԤĿ֡
¥ֻ΢΢üűͷ˵Ͻ˵, , 꾩õʲô
˵Ͻֻһ˫۾ݺݵ¥, ĻһĭƵġ
¥Աƹ֪, ֻ΢΢Цһ¾ץסϽ˵½, ʵʡ
ȵȡֹ¥ԣͷϽˣûܽһ֮סĹƳ棿
¥ԵĶһ٣ϡ
ϽǲŷʵĴƵ, ѪŤͷ˿мʥ峤Ҷã쳯˸ǲóˡ
ֻôһϽˣҽؽԼ֪һ飬˭֪Ȼĵõ˴𰸡
Ͻ˻е˼ԡֹƳĴڡ
˵ˣϽ˳˵ûйʦİƳ漴ˣҲᵹʩ˵ø죬Ȱģʥ
¥ĮѾˣôϽֻˣ
峤ǶıȵǿôôϽؿŵҽս׽סԼˣɶҩ֮Ͻưոݣ
⻰һڣ¥ԱɿȥԷ°жˣӲǴϽ˿пٳ˶ҩ
˵˻ҲãֻشϢŵ¥ԣ޲̻ܽС
¥޶ãһ־ͽϽֻƵ
ûеڶֹ¥ԣվصӰһʧ
֪¥˱ڵģҲϽ˿еõҪһ鱨
¿±ǿϽʥ
Ͻһ䡰ʩȴʼУЩ
ֹ֮ʮа˾ž󾿾ǲǸϸĹʦֹŹֵ֢״Ƿ񶼺òйϵ
˼صԺʱʷֹԺеѾϨ𣬰üĵµ̹ոձôͻϮһȻ޸¾˯ˡ
ʱǼµĵţȥŰҪ¡
ƲƲ죬Ҳصٶ˯£˾ǳߵϰߡ
һҹΣڶʱԺˬøʲô¶ûһ
ɨȥĴƿƬɨ˳⡣
Ͻˡ赭д˵¥׽סˡ
緹ܿ϶صŪҩϽйϵϵĹƱϽ֮
һ±аġ
ʽƬ˳ȥޱϽסһĹƳ棬ΪʥǴž㻹ŵɡ
µĶ˶٣·ͻȻʲô
ģģļһӱǵƤķһߣβͶû׽
̫ϤоˣÿÿͼԼʱ飬ƿĸо
ô
ҡҡͷǹĸо£ȻϽˣĵǳˣ
ʽɨ鵽ԣ߻ʱѽͳ£ˡ
£⵹ǻúܡ
żͳصĳѱرԨϸ񱣻»ǵһμѣƬ̣ô¹ͨĵҲ̫ࡣ
ֻѲ֪ΪεŤŤǸ֦Ƶġ
ָ˰ͷףͷϹˣ͵˴ߡ
ʼֽѶ˻ʲô
һԡ޹úͱĵҲ࣬˵Ҳܴ졣
潫ûգ˴ġ
ºЦǲһٴ
ܻж
㶼ˡµ
ֲ֮С
ųˣûùٶ࿴һۣһʱȥˡ
ʵϿ飬֪ͬĹƳͲͬĳǳ˫ġƩĹҵĵӱֻܿƹºϵĸƣҹϽ˴ŵĳѱҲֻܿڵĹƳ档
ңҹѾŴˡ
˵ֹŹ䴵춼ѡ
ʦȻ뵱ܵϵġ
ţͳһԣβ֪ʲôطԶˣ͵ءءһǿ
ԺĹƫҲһǹ̲סЦ
Ц֮üһԼĿڡ
ȵ˷»һˣʱʵˣȷʵȥϽ
ȥʲôհѳ˵̵
ȵ۹ܣҲϳ뾩һҲǳе飬ȥ֡µǴЩر𡣡
ر𣿡
¿϶ص֮ͽͳʦš
ԼĹеи˼ͳʶ˶٣ͳ϶֪ʲô
*
ͳȻ֪ʲô֪̫ˡ
رԨ֪ͳ֪²ܽĹؼ
֪ºرԨϵĹƳʲô֡
ɡͳرԨ䴫ֻҪڤӡȴǰֻţܴڤ֮ǰ˽ػ䣬ȡвɣܺˡ
رԨʣҴѣλ
ǷҪһһֻƾʲô֡
ҪرԨȷܽ
ֻпһۣƽش뿪
ͳԥ˰ΣҧҪȥһϽ
СرԨ̷¥ԸմϽشϽʱӰڣȥҲ̽ʲô
Ͻ֮֪󾿾ǲǴϽõһ֪ⶼ˵ϣֻȥϽҾͨ˵Ĺʦˡͳȴܼ֣ۿžҪ³ģʱɵȲˣ
顣رԨȥһ̽
ͳ󺧣ǽȥģҵ취ȥ㲻롭
ûܻرԨ侲ģ́ƶϣһȻԭ
ͳҡͷΪԣòУرԨΪͬǾ˵ķ֪ô
ҪַðرԨɫ糣Ĺľһ߸ʬǣѵܼܻ
ͳٿسĬ
ʵˡ
һ췽ҹ̷飬ûˡ塱ȴлػ临ҪЦ˵Ĵˡ
ͳһǰģ˵ίУһȴЩ³ġڼյĵ
Լôڽʱһ
Ĭ˰Σͳҧ˻꣬ʵע⡣
Э˼
رԨطһǰֽţ˵ֻһˡ


 64 

ÿ꾩Ҫ֮һ, ҲѦһһܹ뿪ʹӡ
꾩ǽ, ѦÿԪ³һҪŵǻһ, ڰյļеӭ³һꡣ
в¿ʼ, Ѧ궼Ҫһ顣
СʱǺϲʱڵģΪһϳҲܿ˵ˣǿѵõ뿪ʹȥͷķ羰
ֻǻͻʹһ, Ϊ, ٵѦ˵ҲͬǴν̤ࡣ
Դ꿪ʼ, ѦʼԼ˵ִ
ǹһȥһ˻ȥǰ̽һۡ
һһȵĻֳһһȵĥ
ˣ񲿹Աһʱ, Ѧʶü, Ӹȥ죬ûٶʡ
ֻҪٶôһ, ͻּᷢڻ껤ļؼλ, ϢػرԨϵĸ
رԨûжֽ̫, ֻ˼ؼλ, ȷԼʱҵܿѦһ̽֡
Ȼ֮󳬳, йǵλÿһλĹ൱ֺ룬Ҫȴ֮ˡ
ߣЩĹһ˵Ĺľ֮󣬱Ƿڵ, Ҳ⡣
رԨȻҪҵĹһ̽׼㻹иࡣ
Ʃ磬Ҫҵ޽ĹǸˣ˽Ĺҵ׼ȷṹ
ʱֺԤףĹҸǸûüޣѰɽӲӳͣʱ䣬ķ˴ǿġ
رԨõʱ˳ȥѰλ쳯ܹɽȴִ˵Ѿû쳯سֹˡ
Ѱ˽һµĽȴҵλ˵Ĺ
һӢšرԨ
ĸȥĹǰ֮ѰãȷʵǲʵģӶŮסǸһ󣬲˼Ӻ
˼ӺˡرԨƽ˵޴ӵ֪İ취ֻһһ
ĵգĹλҲ˽⡣
ҪƿȥرԨҲᶯҡ
Ѧ֣ᷢ֡
رԨ׼ҪųѽȥԱˡ
*
ٽף꾩ƺעеغļ֮ϡ
ʡæ׼ˣ̫ҽԺΪɲ̫æýͷö
һѦⷽ˿ڣϳοҲд
Ѧ˵ҪТݲһȱ࣬ۿٰ겻ʱ͹ˡ
ǲ٣ǾȻûһϲѶѦᣬ̫ҽԺ֤ǿǻЩеûġ
Ѧ̬һɶԳǱһѳζǸҺʵƶɣھͳһƵ̫ϡ
ٹĴϲ£̫ȻҲմϲϵĹֲͲζأ
ʺϾ
ھ˭⣬Ѧû͸¶ڷ硣
Ҳ˸̥սһţҪһ֮ĸλá
ȥϽʱļͳе㲻м²ѡҿʵһѡǸġ
رԨȴһ
ͳҼǵûʵ۲µĻˣ
رԨû˵
ͳ뿪꾩磬ȻµرԨҲûҪ⻵¡
µͶСʵƫͳüҲ֪ǲǻҪСʵ۾Ϲᡣ
ᡣرԨúܿ϶
˽ԸǾѦȫ֡Լȥ֮ǾѦġ
֪뿪ǰ֢֮رԨʵ޷϶ʱܻá
Ͼɹؽ֢꣬˼֮⾹һǰǰ֪
ܳŻꡣ
ֻ˶ҩûҪˡ
ƾʲôô˵ͳƫҪرԨǷǶԴؼȵ͵²һ·ˣٴµ˼˵ˣȵ»ϵʱͶˡ
رԨͳͱ˿ڣԾ治ɫʲôݻȥ£
Ŀϸ⸨Ѧĸҽ
ͳüëмһҪرԨȥžͱˡ
ĸͳ͸Ŵ˽үСˣŹ˹
ղŻƦƵû̱ļͳһ¾ͰѼϵȸȥһԼ°ڣһ˹ĵģ
رԨĸһͷǽֿ˼ͳһۡ
ž޲ͳȴ֪ôľñЦˣصô
һμ±㳯°ݿڳƵ£رԨʣǲ߹Եˣ
ͳһ㣿
رԨף֪ˡ
ͳ֪ƨ
ƨָո£Ѿ̤鷿
ͳ뵽ô죬ѻ̻ȥĻᶼûУڨڨ˹
ժ˶ңЦͳ˵ͷ
ͳ˹¸ûбˣɵǰһ˹ôǰˣǷʲô£
⵹ûСµͼġ
رԨԭֻɨ˹һۣ˵ࡱʱϤ̲סֿ˵ڶۡ
Ȼͱʵסˡ
ֱӽɫĳѷŵϣϽˣ֪µס
رԨջĿ⣬Ĳɵѣȴǹ£˹Ƿм£
лֱʡµ
лֱ˵ǾͲرԨˡ
ƽص˹ԽԽ񳤹ˡ
ͳüͷһ塣
ҲһˡرԨ̽ƵĻ˱¥׽ˣѽ飬꾩ǳܽ㡣
رԨ߲ܵ㣬СආԼӦˡ
һνʲõس²ܱΣ֮С
رԨ̧ۣͬʶϢĵȷʵ̫
˿࣬ȴһľҲ֪ǲǹӲģرԨֻ֪ʽ龻صܲ͸βơ
رԨûԼߵĻᡣ
˿ʳ˲鱨رԨʱ£ԽԽá
ۿż¾ҪƵĵ£ǶصϽ˽û̫ˡ
鱨Ȼٺò
ǾԼȥգЦҲ뷸㷸Ĵ
ͳղһӺһֱС׼סȫȻϲ̨ˡ
Ǽͳţᵹһоʮʹ졣
ɲرԨͨ죬ȴزꡢѦҪ¶鶼˸ףûܽ
رԨĶһ£ƽٵ¶һ˿еⲻ˵̬ȡ
ⱾҲࡣʱ죬˵ʷҪҽƣʵҲνƳڲϵġ
رԨֻµȴȻʵʵʵ
Ƶġ
رԨͷü֮ŵ飬ҽ̳Ķӣزġ
֮ԱǣҪȴ˴ʡ
ʸñ̵һˡն˵                        
лҪ˵أ֪ΪεϥͻȻһʹ

 65 

һ, ͳ⧲, еĿࡣ
֪ʶرԨӲ۾, ȴû뵽ԭ¶رԨҲǸһ̬ȡ
ʵ, 㱻ѹƽȥ
͵ˡ˵ţǣ±ֱӳ鷿, ˡ
վűߵĸʮָӵؿȥ, ͷʾ, ү
ѷرԨûŭɫϽˣС
ǡ
£ͳֲصذ, ĵ˵, Ҳֻǿ°ˡ
رԨ˼ͳһۣϵ˶Ȼ˲顣
ͳһ, ֻҪ뽫, رԨͳڲʲôû˵ڡ
ֻʣ̶µʱ, ³Ҳǽǰ, رԨæ, ûʱͼͳɰ
*
̫ججգ֪ںηϦꡣ
һʱѾֲʵãֻǵǸֻ֪ӣֻ֪һڽһѡ֡
ȳ֮, ̫μһλĹˡФҡ
ФұûҲڲʢһʱܿͱѦرԨֲһתضûеɱˡ
̫ʱ̻̲գԼҲ˱˵һԱ
Ϊ̫ˣФҲ֮֮һ
رԨǳϵ޷壬ФҪλȻҪƻ֮ƽ⣬辶̫˹ϵ
ּ˵Ĺϵ
̫ʱͲȵߺһֱСĽص̫ȴӲФҹûסߣĻ֮
Фҽ˿̫źμҵİչԼһƱǽѦֳȥ
þФλûͱȥޱȡ
̫Ⱥͬ飬Щҡҿǻʵ۵ĸ˵ҲФһرԨɱˡ
Фһ
̫־ûãرԨûн˵˼įʱҸòκõˣ飬ͬǰһıǰФȫȻԺ
һɶˣȴǰɫͬĶ
̫ҪУȴʲôҲ
ФҴʱ۵̫Цһ£
̫ãӲѹסƵģֻһؿФߵԼǰ
Фԭ˹ŵߵǰʱ̫ŷֶԷѾһϰʮвģŵûɢ
̫ΥˡФ˻Ƶصﳼûأ̫ǲһ
ֹ̫һجθˡ
ﳼܿġФЦ˵ʱҪ̫չ˵ˡ
㡢ˣ̫Ͱ͵ΪԼ׳ȥµظ
Ф˵ΪʲôФҲԣ
̫һȻúе˵ҲФҵĹ
Խ̫ݶսսشˣʣ㡢Ҫʲô
Ф˻̫˷ƣȻǡѰ˸𣡡
̫һڳɹشɤＷ˳
͵۾ȻĴج˹
һѣ̫ŷԼü˺ڴϣѹַôҲӲˡ
ڴߵֱ̫һæǰ̫
ֻ̫û쬵ģǳſңȥ
Ǵʧɫɿ֣һѸ뿪
̫֪Լ˯˶ãֻյøһҪȥһ·ûƮ˰С
جлص̫ͷۻץסε֣μФˣ˵Ҫ𡭡
ֳһ£˯죬̫ҽ˵ˣֻǸجΡ
Фҡ̫ҡͷµ˵֪ǿ϶ǶҪˣЩһģ
ּ̫Ѻƺзħ֢״ֻٶȴҽֻͷذο𼱣ϱؼˣ˵ˣȥҪصĴΪϲء
ҪΪ̫㶵ظ
ǡף¿֮ӣȥڵ棬ЩаСһŷɥҲҿˡ
̫Ƭ̣ƺڰЩ˳ֵĶ˴ͷ̾һʣҲ˶ã
ˡֵʲôҲ
̫ϲ⣬Ըˣ
Цǰ̫øϽӣȥ˵Ѿתˡ
ã̫ʱ˲پղФŲ˼ʮҲղˡ
ӵĸףܵӣôܺꣿ
ԤԵڣҲڣ
̫侲˿һִҽ󣬱̫ȥϡ
̫ףڴ֮飬ȥ
ŵطſֱ̫ۣٲȥʱ˼ػһͷ
ֱ̫ϣԭҲǿźɫ
̫תϢδǺܿ㴫˰꾩ǡ
ĳǸϲ⣬Ͷ鵽ѦδеļԼ֮ϡ
ѦÿɷؽЩշĿ佱ҶһҲûϡ
һȥȻҵ˼ﰵﶼŻļ󣬽꾩ˮøˡ
ѦվˮرϾȴةฮǣС¶һ˲䡣

 66 

һ¹ȥ㵽ס
ʹ, ܹȵȼڶ, ȴû꽫Ļա
̫, Ѧ䲻ȵȥ, ʲ֢ȴ֢ͬһβã̫ʼվûǱ˹ͷƵġ
һ깬еûдٰ죬ҲδԱ빬, ̫Ľȡˡ
̫ԭιĻú취, μҵĹȥ, ȡμҳʺ󣬿Ѧô赭дȡˣѡ
ΪԽĻͬѦú޸һĸӹϵȴֻѦˡ
⻹Ǽö˵ġ
̫Ĺ, ͷһɶȴ, ֲʲôʮ߹µ˼ֻöֵ, ʵۿ˭ʺ󣿡
, Ѧܸö©ڷ硢ٹҲöĽˡ
ƺδ, ֵ, μ, ƺ׼ϹһͬȥҲҪѡϹģ
̫Ƭ̣ҲǸѡ
μҲܳʺǺμûнϼҲԡ
ϹǸ, ̫󲻵Լ̫ĻᱻһСˡ
ֻҪϹ˻ʺϼȻμҲͬһ
˱ôֻϹһ̫ѯʵ
ǣģչأ챾ֻлʺԸͬġֵ
̫д˶ۣϹӦþѦĻʺѡˡ
׵һˣ˵˵ҵ˼
ֵͷȥʱʶԱ߿һۣڡ
ڵſڵһƽص¶࣬Ҳ֪أ˼ա
ֵ˵ͷ·һƵģֱȥҲ
ոˣ˵Ϊ˶żҵ¶ǱߴǸڡ
*
¿ǰؾȵԺӣҡͷҲӦô˴մȾЩա
ǰסɽʱĵĴÿÿڱЩϲɫʵĶºʣǲ׼ʲôԺ⿴ҲΪ
ɵ꾩Ǻ󣬹ܱ߶ǿշӣΨżסһסҲ¥ȫˣʲôھʹȵȣ˿ǺûκβΪ塣
ķϰдһſڣ뵽Լıʼϣдٲ鷳ֻӲǽ񽻸ʡ
ʵûƴǣдʲô
šü˻дндհɡ
ʣ
Ҳ˵ûʶͷд׵ȥſڡ
Ҳ˼˿գҪõĶ̫࣬ǰǰ˲Ÿȫˡ
һ·Ļ̥żһϲˣѾˡ
µĴǸ빫ܣǰµĹԱǴССݷù
̫һ۱㰲뿪˵ģҲл±һˡԼ˵ġ
صСԺڽŹϡҲζ֮ʲһԵŹµָӽԺӲõһ¡
¿˹գصͷС꣬æһúϢ
ޱؾܾˣء
֪Ƥ˵˵ίԼͷԼĶ
һҲԼռ˼ұˣ֧ЦŵҴǰϰߣʱܸʲô
ʿһۣȷʵиҪĶ
˵´󷽵
ʵ͵ͺһֱ׵ڸˡ
²ΪȻ˵˵
վ岽ⶢŹ¿ۣذﶫһų˹ȥԲֻ֡
ŵĹ²ԣ̽ؽַŵ
ģ̯ƽޱۡ
¹ԹԵغۣʵָԼﻮȥЦдʲô
𶯣úò¡
ֻЦ⣬ƫͷϸϸоָĻϱʻ˫ۿе㲻Ҫ죬ʱͣʱ»һʻ
ֻһ飬ƴոֳ
ֻˣҲ²
û˵дһ顣
ɵһ֡
д˵֡
ȫעظܣʵĶֻܲͷǸ㣬ͷǹ
ֻõҿд
۾պáؾܾ
ȴûдĸ֣оƵĽµָ⵽Ƹһ飬ͻȻʣһ飿
¶һͣƬ̲ŵʮꣿ
ʲÿɷ̧ͷ˿£Ȼ˳ر˫ۣŨܵĽë¸ǳССӰ
ʱơʧ¶ԽԽǱĬθˡ
¹ָӨָһǡ
紺磬˿ûв
ҪĶʱˣԼ֡ʵ
µüëһ£ͺʲô˼Ļһ
ۣʮԣðʱˣҪǵÿ֡
һյ趼ᵢ顣ʵͺվȥ
ۣȻصԷǽ
ʻͷкʡ
˹ȻûҪԼ³
ǰŸսžش˽£
ɫ΢䣬ֵԾ׼˷ݵĳʳ
µôණֲѾˡ
ԼﲻȱǮͷͶǹ²գǱѰˣԺŶ粻
ʵͷÿӴеҺܿ˽¥˵
˹ϴ˵һƷõĶóԣҽȥһݶ㳢
ƲƲ죬֪¶¥Ե̬ȿ϶ͶᲢۡ
ô൹ҲԲ꣬ȥ׾ְɣҪ꣬Щ˺ҲóԵõġµ
ٽŻٷԣ˹ǰµǹرÿˣ㿴
ʣ治ͷճġ
ҿɿƵ˵˵ˣ㹬вô
Ҹˣһʮֱ׳˵⵱˹СøҪأ
ЦŽӳһľ˵ĳҡͷβǶóϧûҪ
Ҫù˶༸ֵעͲֺܴʼ
ǹڸλ̫ãֻ̫ܿܿᱻ͵ڵʵ̫࣬һ۶ȥġ
Լܱ¼ߣҪлɶԵĸƺĹȫҪԸԼ׷ɱ֮˺̬ϡ
ʱ򿴼±˫һȥ˳Ҳûʲôˡ
ԾҲûʲô
׻͹Ե֡
ţʲƿĴԺм˲֪軹ĶԻ¡
Ժĸ˶Ťͷʿ˹ȥ
ȻصζûС
¹ȻƳ
ʵɨˣ΢΢ЦߵǰʱζС׵ݵǰ
²ͷȥͬƽһһ£ζ
ʵͷô
˱Ϳúܽһ׸ǺӵһƵģԺͷ˲ʱɱڡ
˭ɱֶɱһѪ·ˣ
ɱ
£ʻ˵вĿ⣬ֽ´Ӷ߻ͷ˳Ŷе˺棬Сͷ
һ鷢׿ϣѾҲζˡ
治ɫذ£Ǿͺá
ȴЦЦ̧ͷ˭ʾأ
ʵĶһ٣Ź¿ۣȷûвų⣬ֻݴȤЦ⡣
ʸɴֿסºԼǰ޿ֵ˵㲻Ĭ𣿡                        
лҪ˵İ𣺷֣

 67 

µȵù, òֵһŲûײȥ
ʴۿһ, ̬ȴ, һҲûоյģ, ü治ɵѹȥ
ʻûü˵ʲôǱѾһŭ𣬡ʣ
ֻ̧ɨŭɶһ, ͻ˸ͷ
ö֮ص¥Զյ, ΢΢ͷȥµ, ͣٲһϢʱ䣬촽ӡǴɰ׵ϡ
һ̣ɱƷʹǰ˹
׼һ, Լƫͷͱܿ¥һ
ͻȻĹһ, ĸۿžҪôСһţֹ, ס֣
Ҫȥ׷ɱ¥Զһ, ұת, ίίص, 㡣
ŭ, ʣǳȥ򣬿ﲻ̽ʲô
˹СҰģոԴǡ
·, һôˣôͺһ
ǰѦҲôעģ
ˣȥ²ݾܾصʻҪ
ҧ촽¥ԶǺʺúģ
ǿˡúá֣ʮֲơ
ʶԹ±Ǹʲô˼һμʱ֪ˣʸղŵ˵ȫһ
ȫȫʾ
ͷһʱʺԼʱĺϵһ¸ɴظˡ
ҪƤµֻͬǿЦ
ЦȴͻȻ˵
£Ȼزһۡ
ۻȻ̹ףҾ˼
˵꣬ɨ¥Զգȥ򡣡
͹ͱ
ԹưϤúܣϾͽǰһĻмĲɡ
͵͵űߵĹºüۣ׻̲סص£ǰҲôЦô
³Ĭ˻ŵǵһΡ
£еľ꣬Ƭʣ㡭᣿
ȴʣ֪ˣ
شͷȥԭ룬ϲô࣬Ҳ뷨ҪԼѡһϲĲ
ҲʣµҪҸ
˵ЩȻȴҲֲԼΪ˭̾
Сһֱ˵ҲΪ֪ô롣˵Ҳ̾Ǹͨ͸ˣȻˣ㲻ڵġ
˼붼׵һˣ˭úڰ
еĶŴ˼֣ƹƬ̲Ű
̧ͷȥʱȻ뿿űߣ߿Ųϴײ⡣
鲻Ըصǵģȥۣ˵ˡ
¡ȴûŲЦ٩صּӣᶷġ
ԣ˻ʱûʲôˣֻһյ·ϱ˿ڣ¥ɫڣʷǿƽµˣֻǳһ˶ٻһ㡣
һ¥رԨֵտˣҲһг֣˼лһȻûʲô鷳
¼˻ָָϣҩǱˣԼðɡóԷˡ
˼
ֵ³˸Сʱƿҩһȭ˹һǻȥĥգһܽնڵ£
ߵʮ¥ȴܲ⡣
ǹƹ»ٺʴսٻغϵһ
ʵ̫죬Ƶٶ¥԰ľѣ겻ĹѾӱѹƵԼԼһͷˡ
ٹ꣬꾩ﻹʵĶ֣
ǸһԲϾͶֵģҪ򶼴򲻹ʲôߣ
¥ҧվûзɿһͷ
¥ԣµ֣£
¥ԻȻ̧ңңͬ¶һֻۣԼͷһμʱͱ˰̵ŮǱŤһߣҲȥˡ
ͷߣҩҲûߡ
ҩۣ£֪Щʲô
Ų˳ɵеգص֪Ҹǳȥһ
ҲҪɱµôÿȹӣŪ˲Ư
˺ÿʱ΢΢һ죬ãġ
ҲȻȥ˵Һл˵¥ԴЩʳ߰ɡ
һֿ£Эˣ͵׾ȥ
ϲ꣬¥ĴСˣֻ˹ºˡ
ҪڸĿڣұ㵱ʲôҲûµ
ü
ȫΪʱ˵仰ģͳͺ֮һͷϴĻһ㣬кǲϲ
˵˲ЦӲ˵ҾǸ˼
ĸ˼ʡJSGDJ
ٿ̧ͷסµ۾һһ١صǶûµ˼
ղв֪͵͵ȴҸʵʸҡ
ûǵӣͻõòԼˡ
³Ĭ˰Σʳؽղ˵ĻҲ˵ҸҪġ
֪Ӧúܿ졣
Ȼ֪ûһʱ嶯ƴֽ»֪ʲôʱܿϡ
ԭȷʵǴͼ֮ġ
ͷԷ¶˭˵׼
Ȼѳ嶯ˣҲգֱ׵صҵĻջأҪôߣҪôĬ顣
뵽ǰĶԥʶش˴ǣּʵָܵƵĸĶ֪ôһ˿ŤһͰַˡ
ҲȫȻǹ뷨ġ
ȴûʶ뷨е̫ƫ̻ˡ
㣬⻰ҡεŵ㲻ߣûܸߣ
ʵȻ䡣
ֱô˵֮ʱ񾭲΢΢֣۲Źµ飬̽صԺ١
ûС١϶顣
ʹ㣬׿ϾˡʲΪȻصó˽ۡ
˭׿ϣ
룬ذ׹Ƥʣǰ㿴
Ƥɨ꣬䲻ȵô
¥ҡ˵Žؿڵ·¿ͱĿˡ
µͷǰֻŵڼһǳĻۣԼƼͷɫ
¥ǵɱ˱ģȻᵽʲôطȥ
ŵĹµû㡪ϴαʱôѪˣѪûҲˣ
ϸʼֵֽڼ׵İ۽ˡ
ֻöϸһֻۣܿϽʵļϵ˳ʵָս֮󣬲ƼղŻ۵λúԱƤһɼѪɫ
¿ЦãҪǱл̾ͻþ䡮˷ס
仰˵꣬ʱƲȥ
ʱ²ŴʵĲƼĶѾһ롣                        
лҪ˵Сأ
ʦȵȣԼ·ģʲô

 68 

˷ĸֵ, ʵĿԱƮһ, Ų˻
ûбˡ򶨵ذڳı顣
ȴѾȻص, ʲô
ޱ, ܡ
ƫͷ˿Ķ䣬϶øº紵˰ʱƵġ
ʷӦ, һԼĶ, ü
, ·ϣյҲ¶šºЦ
ʽ·ˣšüŹ¿һۣÿӸ, ̲ס, ÿ
ÿ
ʵʱýǿͣչʱ̺ϰ֮˶е, ͬϸ첲ϸȵĲһϵġ
´޸֮, ȻĽΡ
϶Ļش, ʵƲ, , ʳɫҲôûӦ
ſ޹ʳɫҲһء
ʣӣҲһԲس
յô赭дղд˹ȥ, Ҳû
ƺʲôҲûиı䣬ƺкܶڰĵظıˡ
ֹգء
ҲûʲôԲҪԣǺƽһ˳ԷµҲûô⣬ֻ뵽Լֹ֮ȥôһʱ䣬ɵЩпǧ
м죬һһȵĴ¡µۺҪӹгزһ·ȥ棬˵ȥһǷȷǷ˳îʱеӭȥ׷ѡСãʱٹӭۺתһվ꾩˶ȹġ
ȤȱȱŶһѦôһҲȤлʺ󣿡
ǻûڵû꣬ǲЮƣҪٿ˭ҹģһʺѡ
ʲÿɷغһ
׿ڶԹ˵ԼĽ˼ӲڹǰӵĴֽͱˣɲĵһ顣
Ѧʺԭ򣬵һˡ
ԳȰáѦǰԺ˵Ļʻǵһ
Ѧŵ̺·֮󽫹ֱӴعȥͷܿ
˵ʣΧ۵Դ޵ѹҪϸù¡
л˵ձ»Źһͬȥ죬˼ǸԵİʾˡ
ҲͣĥĶ˼һѦôڡ
Ѧ˽±ı
ҪȥôʵҲѵһʢ
ʶԿһѦж౻ӵȤ
ѦǸٺõĻʵۣûʲôϵ
Ҳã˯²Ϊ˯ˡ
˵űҪطͷҲ̧صҩˡ
½Ųһ٣޿κʹؿϵҩ롣
ǶСˣֻǹ²뿴Ϳ⽫ˡ˭֪Ǳʼǹҵøá
üҩ£ʶͽʣ黹Ǻܲÿ
Ƕɢˣһôǵģ
ʤޣϧؽʺ۾ߵصһۡ
ʾվǰͷĵϵмһ̧ò׽ºűҩƳỨߣʱһ٣̲סвһˡ
ǰô˵¶ǰɴ˵֮󣬹ӹȻ뵽ǵطȥˡ
ϲЦʵҲϲޡ
£ִʸշµĵһʣֱû˵䣬Ҳ֪˭ѧġ
ʺ޹
û˭ѧΨһʦҲֻһ¡
˵ڵȻĻ
ºԺţʲԶ£⽫ʵ͵˿ǻߡ
ȣҲˡ
*
ӳУ
Ϊ˼һУѦ첻Ѿƽյ糯Ҫ֡
贩Ϊʵ֣صһ׷Σٶϣһϵؾ꾩ǡڵľ֮⡣
òУʵǼʹ顣
ֱͦŲһʱѾǼܵˣҪάϵĻʼϣѦ궼ɣҲ궼ͷۡ
ǲòģǰÿһͬ
Ѧڣؽֻȥ̧ͷ䲻ķһۡ
ȻʲôҲġ
ʹΡ룬ﰫƽŸ߸ߵĹǽʱ·̣һôü
ѦۿһϴõµϹͻһԵĸֵһ·Ͽü
һ⣬û뵽ϹڳʱѦֱ⻰ϸѰ˼Ƭ̣ŵﾲƧԺߵĲǿġ
˵˶٣͵ȥʱûѦϷκߣֻԼ뷨²䣬ɽǼ죬˶֪»꾩һʥգʲôܼҡ
ϹڵΪѦ壬ζԻҲûʲôֻ˶ؽҺˣỽ¡
Ѧ˵ͷˡ
ϹЦףΪ¸£ǳ檵ҫ
˳صͷʱ¶һְֹ⻬ϸƤŮӶе˳Ѿѱ
ѦĵƳһۣȴǹڳֲٴɫ
ֵúܣԭھʱﶼͺģͷѦ̵Ĳȴȼηŭƽ
ϹԽദԽź
£ԽԽüֱ
ѦСʱ֪Լˣϵļ¼˵ݣֻһһʽ㡱ؽС
ʱֻ̫Сֻ֪ԼԸκ˶ߡԸκ׽ȴ֪ԼԻʽ㱧ʲô˼
Թ£ȴֺ͵ʱ鲻̫һ
»㱼ѳһͬơȴ¶ĴӲʾһո´ڡ
ʹѦ֪ԼħҲͣҩĽŲ
ٺУξѦ
Ϲ˵ʶȤظȥƫȴ
ֳȥһˣܿ콫ȴڵĺУξ˽
ѦͷԼѾʮƽڣ֮£ʱ֮ǰɡ
ǾٹĴ£رԨΪةࡢѦΪʵ۶ȥ꣬ةฮΪʱ
رԨ˷Ҳةฮǰɭϡ
֪ѦرԨûȫ˺ܲһگͰԼةĸۡΧҪڳġ
˶˼£һֱǰн֣ӮֻصĳѣѦûõֹ
Уξϥ·ģضȫԸ
ѦͷضСӦֻɹʧܡ
ǣУξӦ
Ѧٶϸϸ˽һаţرԨǰϻ꾩ʱةฮ﷢ʲôرԨҲûع鵽
һաֻյʱ䣬͹ȥˡ
ȻûԺз·һ㡢ΪʵĹ£һӣҲο塣
£ʱˡѡ
Ѧվ߳ţ̫Ծķۣȥǹڴ۵Ĺ⻪ʱˡ                        
лҪ˵ϴС͵͵ȻǷ23333

 69 

꾩˼Ԫ³һϽ, ͼڽһǰλ, ЯһСλʵ۵ĳ, ⵱һĺԤ, Ͱݷ࣬Ҳ쳯ϰߡ
˶ǰոϵ꾩ʥССĿջס˸Ϊ
ⶼ͹ûϵ, ȷϹʲȥѲ, Լ͸ǲȤˡ
ԴѦ˻ʵ꿪ʼ, ÿ궼ȥ죬ˣ²΢ЦΧ۵ǸҲȥ˼˵ĵط
һ˯Ͳ, ûüϴ, ڴϾűһͷֵ˵
ƫͷϸһϳ, бǶо
ʿ϶, Լͬ˵
²ɵЦŴӴ, һ, Ьȥǰϴ, ֿһʱ䣬͹îʱӣѦѾʰٹٵ˳ſڡ
ĵżг̣߲ؽͷһҪӲȥ֪ôĳͷ, ʹ˻һ
ˣǲóԼͷҲ֪ôͨġ
³һ۾ɢˣеԼĳ
Ѱ˼źƽһʱӵűˡ
£𣿡
ɡ
Ȼԥڣһˮѣü촽޶ˣȷʵ꾩һ˵ͷ
ھǰʩĹ²µһˡ
Цϣͷ춯µˡ
˵ţߺȻߵӹӣ췢Ĳ衣
ǰڹʱҲͬ£ҲûԣֻЩáô磿
۾ҵǶȥˡ
һҲǡ
л϶ǵͬȥģرԨᣬ¥ԱͬȥڶգǴǰߵڹڻǳտ϶òС
ǰ̵Ļ΢͵
ѹͷô֡µ
ЦŵҪо޸֮˵ٴһؽڳĳɵĴأûʹһͷϴε飬㶼˵
˵ʲôЦŷʡ
Ȼǡų֣ҧҧ촽ͣȻˡ
ԼľʲôȰġ˵
ٲͬסһԺˣ˵һٺǰһв֮£ɴ򲻹
£ʾᵽһԺȥסҲ򲻹
ɶ񡣡СԹȡǺһЩСǼû֮ԺôĿ
̹ϵ˺ҩ¶ͦĵġ
֮Ҫʲôˣ
غһӵˡ
֪ɣҲоǳȥ÷ɡ
Ҫȥ۽ƳױƱϷűĵƤӣȴûд˯ǰҲô
µǿ㲻ˣ鼷һ𣬿ͷۡ
ǴǰЩǧдȥµë
Ȿǡ
»ͷۣĵǶģʱ㷭һ
ȻǼ˱⿴һۣõ¶ôɣǮǶԼúüŲǡ
֮ңܼǶʣʧЦǰӷŻ˹ϣһСˡ߰ɡ
ͬһţﻹĵصӵ֮ңǸµģ׬ǮĿ㣬ϸúúɨɻ
˹о̧ͷһ񣬡ȥ˻죬ͬһá
̽ϣСӳ鲻Ұ˹£
˸ϣҲʾҲģһ͸´򿪿
¶ֺѾսϰ
ǰڹʱûô£ԼûǸ߸ϵݣ
ǿƴ˵Ķ̣ȳԷ
ãһ˵ʱ˵ĳһӶϡ
ŭĿӣоȻûۼСʵĵΪҲ˵һ飬ʼֱӲ۾Ͳһ䡰Ӷҡˡ
µȻ⽣ŵڳĿλͷһȺ۾
Լߴߴ˭Ҳ˭ִԵڽֱƵģش˵оζ
ҶһֵҲûȥȫϵйΪһࡣ
̽һʱš
˹¼ͳ˵
ֹͣ࿴һۡ
ʺ֪ͳͽãɶо㶼һ֪ˡ
ʽ˸񣬻ͷ°ʾȥš
⣬ָоʾһ¡
λڵײоֻߺߵȥͳӦš
оɻģõô
Ƿ緶žˡ
оڮ٣Щһˤ˹ʺòײסʱȻܲƣλ
ͳоһ۱㽫˳ӣͷãѰ˹
о´˼ͳۣûϳԷͳʵеңԶˡ
ȻͶ׿ϵģоҲûȻǹ˹Ŀˣɡ
ͳ׵лżڣһƼԺڵļˣʱŲһ٣̾Ϣ
µԪ³һ壬Ȼˡ
ֵļɴ಻꾩⵹Щ
һ뵽رԨиʲô㣬ͳûѪҺƽƷڣѰصȴرԨתʱĽʵڵȲסɴһˡ
ߣةฮղһ̫ƽͳϼ粻ֲܿᣬǱǶ鷳
µͷʲôҪ£Ҫ̸ͬô
ͳæֵޱʣֻͬ˹ݸꡣ
¿һۣЦǱºȱɡ
оüСʶʲô
û̻شһЦݵ󣬲ŵյĹʦ
оʱ˼ͳֱ֣޵ؽͳͷſһ飬ҿҲûʲô֮Ҵ˷緶ء
һоϣ˵䡣
оһ˸ţŭԵظŹȥһƨռ˸λá
ռ죬ʵ۴ϹȥͳǴϹʺˡ
˵ţ۲¹µ顣
˭ʺӦԼĿǡν˲ʲô
ѦôˣѵŶãʮҲǰ׽ˡ
ͳĬƬֿ̣ڵ˵ʵ⼸죬δȥλǰϹһ㡣
⻰һΧ˵ɫʱЩѿ
µνˣһ㲻ϸ˿İˡͣһ£̧ۿͳµ飬ͲҪɨˡ
ǡ                        
лҪ˵ʦҽôѧѦƤױҵˣҪᣬۡ

 70 

ĳ൱, еҪڻļ̳վյĹ, ʵ۱Ҳǰǰϼټ̨Ӽ·
ѦһߵĲҲһࡣ
ɵһеʱ, Ѧ˼ȴ꾩
֪УξܲܳɹŽةฮر齫ǳѻȥ, ѾǰõĵĻˡ
˽գٵ³֮䣬ûʲôõĻᡣ
뵽, ϭĵѦ۽⳯رԨķɨһۡ
һͷ׵ѩһͷڳ̫֮ױ, οվڰٹٵǰ
ѦֻһƳ㽫ĿջءرԨʲô, ҲرԨ׵ؽ¶
ʤֻڻص꾩֮ˡ
෱ĲһһׯɺѦһ˽˻֮С
ֻлʵܽĵط, Ҳɻʵ۴µĴһͬڼ档
Ѧϥûк, һֱԼȥġ
Ӽ¿ʼѾ, صעⲽҲ˳ֵ
Ȼֻлʵһ˵ʱ, Ƿô׼Ҳν
ѦͷһȦ, һʱˡ
ԥ, ׻ͬһûȥµĹҡ
Ѧ֮, Ǽ緹ʱ䡣
ô˳ԷȻҲɸ⣬ŷҲ˲
̳ϵĵطȻܽʳ˳ԷĵطɢŰݶڸǵı𴦡
ȻԱϻʵ۶Ҫڱѩﶳһ죬ζɲܵġ
ѦͬٹٲͬӣĲɵ˷, ׼Сһȴɫشͷܽѹ£ղ־˴꣡
Ѧĵ˯ɿ컯˻ҽһƬ۵ףɭûס
ûȫסֲ˰Ѻ⧲Ⱥ˱ˣʿһƴ֮־ֲ׷ȥæϱ
һһģѵȫǵصһġ
֪ͷǸʲôṹˣ»ھ޴ĹȺֱ·ʮҲҲڡ
ѦҲǻ˺üŽͷĵ·ס⻹ͼֽȥǵġ
֮иͻȻ꣬һʱҲ޷֪Ǹ˾ȷĿ꣬׼ͷ
ֻ̫Ѧ˳ؽȥѵҪѦȥ׽϶ûеӵġ
Ѧ˼Ƭ̣
ָæȥȥҴҵرԨʱɫһθѿ£Ҳ࣡
Ѧɫ粻˼£վҲٽȥһˡ
*
رԨʱߵǼֻ̡վ˼ƫƧ䡣
ǼⰲźõģرԨǰ׷ÿ·
ϽڵĻʼҽأرԨҲṳ̂һ֪Ӧһڡ
ΪѡڵĸѦÿѡǸӡ
رԨεǰ˵ͷ
رԨİСӦһϸڴĽǽÿϸ
رԨмõʱ䣬֪ʱ٣ȴûһ˿Ҳûгһߴ١
Ϊļƻص˾Ĺе֣ҪǴȥرԨȻɨصġ
رԨˡ
ò
СĬ˽һӺͻسҵˡ
˵ţ˫ͻȻͬʱʲôأһرԨɿ
͡رԨСӵ˵ͷֺĸ˸񣬱Լǰţһڡ
ĸûиŽ룬Ҫɿ콫͵ڵĿźӾȥٻص÷ĵطرԨڻ˵Ļɡ
ֻöſڼͷʾ⣬԰СӱСѸٵ뿪˴
رԨһ̽飬Դ˿̿ʼȫﲻæˡ
ڵߵϵǶűڵƣͬ죬صĿӵ⡣
رԨǰʱӹûеļͼֽסдŵĹ·ߣСȱʧֻܿԼ·һ㲹ȥ
ƽ˵췽ҹ̷رԨȴֽҲö
ÿҪѡĲʱֻͣ½Ųפ㼸Ϣʱ˼ѡǰķ
ҲʵرԨ֪Լûʲô˷ѡ
緹˱Ҫһ°յļ죬Ϊٹ֮ǲȱϯעĿġ
رԨֻô̶̵ֶһʱ򣬲κεط顣
겻ôģΣֻܵһꡣ
رԨŲ࿿ĹҵʱͻȻһֱžúƻҳҲܷĹһ˵ĽŲ
رԨͣϸ϶
Ȼһ˷·Ҳͬʱֹԭ΢ʧΧرԨֻԼĺ
رԨԼֱ
һڡ
رԨͶĹڵķλйһ¾롣
˵֮ڻһˣָպúôرԨֱر²ԷĿĵһµġ
ԭؾվ˼ϢҲûٶرԨżȶķȥ
ǸŲֵʼոرԨĲԶ
رԨȫעţϳԷĽŲ鸡ǸѾ˵ˡֻûˡ
һǺֵġ
Ųٶһʱ򣬾͸ˡ
رԨڵһϵĹſڣͷɨһۿտյĹԥ롣
Ĺľͱе̨ϣرԨۿűһԼǵÿһ̡
رԨҪٲͻȻԺһʶƫͷһԵȥ˸̬ܵ
һѶ̶̵ذ״رԨԴ̳ܵüʱֻ˼ͷ
رԨˤͬʱʮ侲⽫ֻذ׵ֹ۲쵽λƤƣǸɿ˵ƤǳɫİߣȻһֻ˵֡
һգ۵ʱ䣬رԨ֪ȴ˺ü㹻ƶ
ˤڵغرԨѸٵسת˸ͬԼ͵Ϯߴ˸档
û뵽رԨƵģ͵Ϯ¶Եľ
㵹˵ķӦҲ·ٶȻӶذ޴رԨϴȥǼȻǳ㲡Ҫ
رԨʱҲ˲ϴĦԷĿģüܹУ˾˼С
⼸еĹرԨѾ˵Ȼϵù֣ȻҵЩϤӰӡ
˻ңѦĺĹǿƲرԨ˵Ĳ֮С
˵ü⡣
رԨ⹦һƽˣһסذж
һʵĶʧˡ
Ƭ̹Ѿ㹻Ѧ˱رԨ
رԨûѦ˵ֻɨһ۱ȫͼˡ
óԭҪʤģѦֺŹѡ˷
ѦۿƣҲûԥǰرԨæ
¶һ˿֮飬ͻֵ˸תѦȥ
رԨе㻤죬ѦӲ䣬һĶӹһӦʶر˿ȥ
ץסݵĿ϶ѦһԾ񱼶ߣ־ȻϽý
Ѧһ㶣ȥץһϢĵ㹻öԷˡ
ƺĹнṹϤһ±ɿߣѦ׷˼ȥʱﻹжԷӰ
֮ͨ˴ѦҲûȥ׷ЦڻҪӳ뿪ġ
˵꣬ͷؿرԨͱ˵صôô꣬ðһλ
رԨطȥϸղŴ򶷼մϵĻҳ򶨵طʵ²²𣿳ġ
ѦЦ޺˭̤ĹһӦýð
رԨҪȥģԸȻǿ
˵꾹ȻĲѦʲôӦԼϸ¹ڣתĹȥˡ                        
лҪ˵ԶСط˶սĳЦ

 71 

ѦĲҸرԨȥ, ʱ侲, ־, гڽ, Ȱʱڲ̽
ʱպùԻڲʮϤѦһأٵһͲòųȥˡ
ο, رԨĻĹ, Ѧȥĵط
쳯֮ѦĹ, ֮ﶼԹ˳ȥΨһĽء
رԨӰѾʧѦͷһ۸ղǸ뿪ķվԭس, ʼռѹԵӰ
رԨһ
Ѧ, תҪԭ·ʱͻȻĹﴫ۵һ, ʲôȻص, ҵҲһ
رԨʲô
Ѧ񲻼, ͷ׷Ĺſ, ûȥ, ֻŲԶľ÷ĹľѾ˸ӣرԨվڹľһ
ѦŭرԨԻʽĹľʲô
ŭͷ, Ѧһ˲ԼĵӺͺ£ȥסرԨļһȭΪΪ˿ʽ㣬㾹󲻾
رԨƺһȴһͣڴ򿪵ĹУƵ˵ⲻܡ
رԨ˻ģѦŷӦ鲻ԣӲعסӣȥӲʵʽôˣ
ҽʱͿľƶģرԨһǡ
ѦǰʱһڣѵҲпͽĹ
ºβԼۿرԨʡ
Ѧ˱һһŤͷ˹С
κ׼汻Ĺһ㣬ֻǶѾɱ塣
ɹʲôҲûС
ĸƷһԣԭ㺮ֵʯҲ£һڿչס
ûʬĹײģʲôײģ
ѦԼ۾סľԵ濴˺üۣӱͷһʱ䱻޾ͷ޷˼
ֻʬ˭飿ʲôط
Ѧ֪Լ˶ãֱߴرԨһŸŻع
ǰ³ģѦûرԨϼʧ̬ı
Ǹƭ֣رԨٵظǸƭ֡
˵꣬ȻҲתܣѦֱ֮ԭء
ѦӦ죬תץסرԨʲôƭ֣
رԨͷѦһۣ䵭ֵϾȻ¶һЦͷβĸƭ֡
˵գرԨһ˦Ѧǣ뿪
ѦԭضվƬ̣Ҳ˼˸ݡ
ƭ֣ʲôƭ֣
ʬڴ˴ǱȻǱ˴ˡ
Ҫô˹쵽͵ЩֵǵƷִֻڽߣҪôǡ
Ѧ͵صһعͷȥٶȿ˿տյĹľһۣ·һҲرԨĻʲô˼
ʽûҪһֱš
ͷ˲䣬ѦҲ̰ⱼȥֻʣһͷ
ϣУξûüǱةฮѻȥ
رԨѦǰ棬ߵǽ·ȥʱͷѾһձ³ڵ־رԨһ㶣ࣿ
һ˴ӳһд׽סرԨŲͣͬʱѾҴҲ̨ס
ڻһ̸̣ϻ꾩֤ʵԼĲ롣
һһƭ֡
رԨһһ͵
شӹ¿еõȷеĴ𰸲ɡ
־һãȻؿرԨö֮شֻлʵڵĻгִǵ뿪һʱ侹Ȼ֪ӦӦȥ
ôةҲȻƵģ
ԵһԥرԨѾֻܵܿһӰˣ־ֻա
˭֪ŹһСĹѦȻҲŴͬһܳ¼־Ϊ𾪣һͬ¹£
ȡѦҪ꾩
־ʧɫͷ̲֮ס̧ͷ£Ǽ죬绹Ҫȥ
ȥˣѦŭȡ
׷رԨģ֪رԨʲôôѦȴ¿־Լ뿪꾩ǰļƻĳɹ
ʺرԨѾ˼ҪŪĶһõġ
ġֻһĳˣʲô
ѦƼǻʵۣǸʵӣס
ѿʼж׼ļݣǿرԨȻֻĸɱʱѾ׷ײؽͷӶ²ǲǳʲô²رԨ˼ȵ뿪
ٿѦҲһͬʱٹﶼеûˡ
ѵҪˣ
˵䲻ģ̫ţҲҪرԨӼ·ֱ뿪ɡ
££ԶԶƼѦӰòһ·׷ǰȥѹҪȥδ
ǣؾѦ˵
ִʧɫòײſסԼɰ£
ѦؿһۣʲôҲû˵û²
ֻÿ׷Ȱ£ٹٻڴ˴꾩İҲڵʱȥڻؾ֮ô찡
Һ˵ûлʵۻôȥ
ѦŵӣҧҧһȰѦʱɱĻ²ǴӦҪûʵ۵𣿡
⻰һѦĽŲȻͣ
ܵճǰգûʽвޣ
£һһȵļ졣ֶ켱ˣʲô£Ҳʱ˿ӱ޻سȥˣ
Ĳ˵һܱ㲻Ļʵøɣ
ѦƵر˱ۣ˫ȭͷڿ۴֮С
Լ·ȫѪҺڷڣȴ׹ߡоһ˿
ص꾩ȥֹУξѦΨһͷһȴ֪Լʲô顣
־塢ϲǱʲô
úУξʲôҪѦ
ȻһҶʣ̳ȥš
Ѧԭվһ̧ͷ꾩ķһۡ
·ܸңԶľ뿴һգȴʲôˡ
ִľܽ˱Ʒ衣
ѦӦҪûʵۣûʵ۲ڼĴһ˿һ
ʱѦżԵǸˣرԨһ˿ڣرԨһи꾩ѦȴòֺĻ֮С
ڰٹٵעй˲֪ãѦŲųصĲߣÿһ·̶֮һ㣬ߵøѡ
ϹҴߵѦǰ񣬵ǵ̽ȥ£ǹʲôʣ
ѦûбܿϹ֣ƣزһۣ¡
ϹȻ̫ģȰ˵Ǳ岻һЩٿʼɡ
أѦ֪Լɫж԰ףͰ޽һжźˡ
ϹԵӦ£СطѦ˰ٹǰУǼмδʺļơ
ٵ̨ʱѦ͵͵ʣʲôʱˣ
ϹһʱŴʱˡ
Ѧ૵ãܸϡ
ϹȻ֪Ѧ˵ʲôر˳Ĭû׷ʣֻɵѦԵһûʡǰԶĻƿ

 72 

·ͻȻ, رԨ©ҲһƬ, ֻҴǣֱ꾩ȥ, Ҳʲô첻, ûʲôܱǸҪ顣
һҲûС
ĸΨһһرԨˣһ仰ҲûüرԨֻƥ, ҲֻܶԸرԨظϡ
һ·Х, ĸڸ·;ؿ˺üرԨɫ, һֵķϻҲûҶ˵ֻʹƥǧٶһ·۳һ꾩ǡ
ȴʵۻسǵİʱҲ׷æ緹ִ߽ƥһ·ؽֿȻ˲Сɧͻҡ
ĸ֪ⲻرԨ飬رԨ״ۿŲԾ, ҲҶ˵ʲô, ֻҧסرԨķȥϣһⷢĲʲô¡
رԨ˳ŷ, ų˹µԺ, ȴǿŵ, һƬս
һʶ¥Դͷ, һһȺʹŹŹĺˡ
رԨɨʱ, ¹ȻǴȫλã˱úܺá
رԨ̰ףõ˶Է䲻ȡɨһ˲ߣʱһϡ
Ȼ޴һֱû֣Ǵ, мڶԼΡ
Ǹ˰ˣرԨ֪
ĸ׷ǰսһüүСġ
ҲȥرԨԸ
ĸԥӦǣǰԮ֣⵽ߣ˸ͷ˭֪ЩʵҲ֡󿪴ϵĶͱһֻøϽ롣
ԺΧͰ˲ٰһĶСĴ̿Ŀڶ࣬Ҳ·硣
ۿŰͬ鶼Ѿ£̿Ϊ׵һͻȻһֵĺǽ
̳ͬ£ȥһȺ˺ԥرͷԺǽϷ׷뿪
˼򵥵αװϽ˵Ĺֶλ̫ױˡ
رԨжϣ˿Ͼ룬һתΣΪ̽ԺУ˶ñ䣬ߵǰȥ׽֡
ʵĶرԨ죬ذһ㵲סüʲô
رԨòͣסŲԽȥһȻ˿ĿһɱĹ£ҿ֡
ƾʲô㿴ľ޴ԭŶһߴϢرԨĻȴǵʲõһڷ̵ģղǼ죿ةྐྵȻ԰·뿪Ϊһ˵֣
ȴü΢ƺѾرԨ仰뵽ʲô
£ҲǰڡرԨ˵ֻҪ㲻
رԨʱ¡ʱֱǴＷģͳؿһۡ
µرԨתһȦµʲôȻ֪ΣȻرԨ֪ƭġ
ȥҩ˵תŹӣ¥ӣӣмҪ˵ǽȻȥɺã
˵Ը⣬ԺûλоҲ֪ղԣϾôóȻ뿪
ǲȽϺãЦͬһһл
˵û޷޵񣬻ȥȡҩһһ跽սеļˣصϸضҪС˲̣ŽһԵͳš
ĸ·˹µĻַԸ˽İԺ˵˷ɿ˳ȥߡ
Ժھûһ˵һ仰
رԨվԭضŹ¿ҩĬҩһҲûж࿴رԨ
ĸĵ̾˿һԺţԺŴˡ
ר־ؽϼ˴´ҩȷϲٰŽƿӷ£ƫͷؿرԨʲô˵ɡ
ָڲ඼˺ۣʱסذµġرԨ˵úȴƶ˼Ľ
Цһ£ûô֪أ
ռ죬ȥ˻꣬رԨ˵Ĺǿյġ
ٿתͷԵĹ¡
˰ʱ˼ʱϵĴλĳͷҲһɵرԨ˵仰ʱҲ˴ͷβ׵һ׵硣
²ǡǡδ
˵ʵڲ̫
ڴǰ֪˵֮
ƩرԨ
ԭò辶رԨһҶĿ̩ɽرԨײǴ
ʻͷһ۹£ִȥֻ֡Ҫһ֣ͿԽ
Ȼʶ˶ָԾûô
㲻μرԨ˵֪֮רΪµʲô𰸣ֻΪ
ºرԨһۣΪЦһ£ʣΣ
Ѿʮʮİգ׿ڳʱرԨһתûƶȴŸվȡ
һͨһ㣬رԨͷԱܵƳ̫̫ࡣ
Ȼ˲ıԼ᲻ãȴϧϣԤϵ
ǡرԨѵض˶ᣬһֱûҲһֱ֪Լ˭
֪صˣŵǹ£⻰ûд
رԨĬһ£е˼㲻ٵ
¶ˡ
Ҳʶǰˡ
ͷǰˣָ˭
رԨһ۾л
֪Լָڴ˴
ذһЦЩ˹¶ʶˣԺҲԼѡ
˼ʵײˡ
ЩͲؼˡ
رԨزƵͷؽסԼתʣʹ£Ҳѡģ
ôѡҪһһ𣿡۵
ѡġͻȻ˵ĶԻȻ
رԨʰΣʶǸμ󡱵ƭֲǳԹ£ʡ
ȻûҪƭǱ˵ƭֶȻǰٵġ
رԨȷʵйƳ档
ҲرԨô콫һƶϳ
˵رԨڲŽЩԾ֪رԨô񵽽յġ
ǴˣرԨֽ˵ҲУֻΪơ
⡭ſڲ˵˼־ͱرԨϡ
⡣һҧԥн
رԨĻ¹Цһ¡
ʻǵһμЦȫǡ¡ЦݣִλߵľӸ£λʮ
ҲرԨ̸κն˵
ԺеһʱȥرԨû˵ҲѸ˼
رԨѣ˵û̫Ӱ졪ҲԴֻҪرԨȡ߱ԡ
ڶ֮УԺͻȻƿĸ˲Ҵڣɵؿһ۹ºʣرԨĳѶˡ
һһͽӲ۶ˣһһٵʣôϵģ
ĸԥشǲشʱرԨ˿ڣ˵ýһ·
Ȼû˵Ѧģ仰Ҳ˵ȥˡ
Ȼýƣǻ˳ѵȻյĴʩ
Ѧǰͳ֣ͳ֮ǰҲͬµġ
ˮҲһݡ                        
лҪ˵ȫ棺Ƭ2.0ϽʷѸϣλ̽

ҡʡˡ
ҡ¥ԡˡ
ҡˡ
ҡˡ
ҡաˡ
ҡͳˡ
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ŶӵȴУȴ4030
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Ѧϻ꾩ʱ, ƼĸѾ顣
ȥʱԻһϹ, ػʱȴӰ
ڰղעһ, Ծ˷ܵڵ·ػ
ѦһҲȥ, ֻ˵ĺ
ڳſڻʱͼ˴ҴҸĺУξԷֲظ, ڵڶ׷֮ǰ, ѸոձˤΡ
رԨǶ¶ûܳɹٵĳ, ƫƫڽγɹˡ
ѦѪҺɱʬһ·صſҲûܳɹ¶һЦݡ
£ֵǵѯʣǷȥԡ£
ѦûлػȻ̧ͷǰʹ, һ۸ͷ
ֶ˶, ŵʣǷȥ￴һ
ͻȻֻ, Ѧضһ, תͷ, Уξ
УξӦǰ˼
Ӵ𣿡Ѧʡ
Уξɵ, ڴضϳ, ֻеΡ
˵գѦԸͽζϵѳʸѦ񿴡
ѦϸظһָԽ֣õѵʦ
Ӧ, ԥʾ²Ȼ޹һǻҪҲûһ·
вɵ룬˽ô£ֻйܰˡ
Ѧ·⻰˵ŶϵѻȻƣͣ¶ԺУξ֮ɵúܺãޡ
ûܽ˵ֻ꣬˰ʾ⺫Уξ뿪س޹ȥ
Уξɻؿ˸һֻۣ˶ԷһĪ
ֵ½աҲ̫յÿ˵һȰ·ԸĲ¡
Уξͷ뷢ʲô£ȥҽռͬһ֪߰˰ˡ
ͬУξֿ֮ͣطԸȥ׼Լֻ𼱻ǵȥ˹͢ʦóѵ˼Ѧ
̶̵ʱѦֻüһ·ָŶϵʹ͢ʦӻܲܲã
ʦ̧ͷ۲һȻƬûʰȫĹ쳤ѣͷ˼˰ΣűصصǽƬһܹɽ޸ӦָܻԭģǼѺ۵ġ
أѦʡ
ʦ̫׵ʲôãΪЧܴ죬ֻϾʧ֮ǧɫǰЩͬ
ͬѦظǱ㲻ͬһˡ
ʦͷûҽӻ
ѦĬ˰Σȥɡ
ȹ͢ʦ˿˳ȥѦϧؽضϵѷŵһ˷ҳĺУվ
۽۲ѦĽŲӱϱͣ˲Űֵؽߴ档
ûϢʱ䣬Ѧ˼ͣסˡ
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Ȼһһ̫ܹܸûشģ˵м˸ҵѦشͷǸ⣿
ǻʽ㻹ţȥ𣿡Ѧֽʡ
ð亹ǿ򶨵ȻʲôʱԸµġ
Ѧֲ˵ˣ𰸾⻹ǲ⡣
а֮Ѧ
һɣӦһǡ
иҲֻһ֣ÿȥʱֶܵõľϲɵýҲһĽ
ٶֱݳ־Ѿеᳵ·ļơ
ʵʵۼݳֻͬһ·۾·ˡ
ȴ֪еѦ񼸶̲סҪڸȥתֱӻػʹ
һδαѦԼҧ촽˻ȥ
ۿɫһһڳȥѦ볤ӦҲԼԽԽɵýŵչһһ·߬ȭͷ
һ֮ŷԼ˫Ϊ̫öЩľӲûлһ㡣
ѦʧصͷԼ׵ĵƣ΢΢һָ
ʱֵͣڳ£ˡ
Ѧһ͵ٶսȭͷ³
Ӧǣ漴㱻
ѦֱԼЩŸֵ³ʱֶֽһ顣
¶ȼֱҲûʲôŵøָϽʹɫС̫ཫղŴĺöѦϡ
Ѧ޲̧ͷǰ岽Ժţ⼸ǵҪ
̫¿־źҪԵ飬ſվãֱŵ±ĻѩƺɫЩ̫Ծ
׵ѩӵײ뵳һȺɫ
ѦͫһɿǰȥĨһѣȻѩһС̲ʺѪɫ
Ѧ˶ٻ̽һڣŵѪζ˲˵һ𣬴Ҵææվȥš
һûƿѦŰ壬ʡ˹
£žͱˡ
ڲֻʵѦǰģȴرԨĸѦ¡
Ѧؾ֮һ㣬ͽرԨԺ󣬸û뵽رԨӰ˻ỹڳС
ܿ㷴Ӧ˹رԨ
˵ͬʱѾɿԺȥĸҲûĬزÿ·
Ѧ񼸺ǳȥģԺֻŵرԨʱɫһʣʽأ
²˹𣿡رԨ̬㣬ȴһҲûп˼
ҶɵӣѦŭҶ֪¾ǻʽ㣡
رԨ˵ɱѾ޷ص顣
ѦٿʧβһԼͷҲͳ֣ϵƴȥ޸
Ԧ֮ѼȻ٣ûʲôתˡ
ô֪ѦѹԼŭǺ󻰣㽫ʽʲôطȥſΪʲôѪ
رԨƽؿѦһۣʣ²ǲ볤Ϊ˽Źµ䣿
ʽûѦ񼸺˵Ҫ翵û
ڱ¶ʲôһ
û޾ûɱѦû޾Ͳɱ
⻰ʵЩֿڣرԨˡ
˵üѦ˵ڣرԨҲס
ѦԸʵ㲻Ըκεĸı䣻һֱţѦʲô¡Ʃȥѣǲɱľٶ
ͷرԨֻתһȦƽ˵¾㲻ɱ
Ѧ͵رۣ˿֮޲ϻ̸һʽ
⻰ûü˵꣬Ժڵһű㱻˴ˡ
ͷˣҾ
ѦٿŤȥ۵׻ŭѪ˿죬صʽ㣿
ôңſڵͲҪˡ
ʽ㣡ѦԾ̧ǿ򶨵ѹͼ֣ŵüתӣþȫżһ䣬֪ˣ޲á
ǰαᣬνشѦĻˣҩԼȥġ
Ѧһ£ְͶ˹£ʽ㣬ҡ
ºˣʡ
ޡѦҧҧ촽ױԼĺ޺ˡ
˵Ǻ֮һʼֻһëһձһճ֮󣬱𽥳ѹѦϵĶʯÿÿ㱻ô
޼¡һѦΣĴӲ
ոһյشԼԼȴ׷Ī飬ҲոһյضԼظ޲ڡĹ
ɵӲǱȲġ
ѦԼͶ˽꣬òĵ׽һ̵ıݣȴڼǿڿչ׵˲ҷ
ͺڵú޲Լȥ
رԨ˵ʲô֮߱ʶϷʱ⵹̫𡰱ºֻܻ֮һˡѦػҲգһ෴ľ
⼸Ѧ񷴸ԼŽ֮ұ
գѾֳˡ

 74 

Ϊһ֮, , ˵Ļ, ôܺأü
ѦƵĽ̵, ĴҲûһһŵʹ
뵽ǰ֮ǻǵ֮ʹȴһ˿Ѧ㱵
οҲһľֵ, ҲҴúܺô
˵, ±˵͵Ϳһ, ﺬŲ顣
Ѧ±ȥżʾӰƵڹӰ뵽˵ݡΪ, 뵽ôʱһֱ͹סһ, ʱһü
֪һ㳲֮ɱˡ
һ˺ͻʽܡŻʽƫ
ʶѦĿ⣬Цһ, һҲõߵ˻ȥ
˵ǹĿǰϣĳѱѦ˵, ¶Ѧ³ɺ޼һֱܽ꾩Ǹճɷб, Ѧǵ㱩ŭ
Ҫ˹ļһﻹʸɫ˭
ƫһͷ, ŵ޿κεض˵, 䲻ڡ
Ѧ͵һ
̫˽ʽˣⲻѵ⣬ݡ
ȻֻûӦ𷴶ɫ۶ѹ˹µļ, Ȼǰߵ¹ȹµλûǰ벽
Ѧֻһ۾֪ǿ϶Լ·ڹµļϺΪڵ϶ࡣ
˵첻Ҷ֣˵⻰ʱֻذϣδѦɨرԨٲûôˡ
ʱ򱾸ÿڳģҲǰ״˸ͷת򣬲֪ôźˡ
ʽ㣡Ѧ̵ҽ͡
¿Ѧһۣƽ·ڿһͬԼûжϵ·ˣǾ֮ʲô
Ѧ̲סǰ׷ʣʽǴʲôʱʼϳ޵ģ
ĵصһʼ
һʼ
ѹӵһμʱٴɫ
һ㣬Ѧ˶һ£ԸֵĲǿվȣ֮˺һ૵ʣʽ㻹ǹޣ
µ
Ѧ˫лûüų⻪±ŵҶԲǹ̸κ벻֣֮
ʽ˼ǣѦͷѣѵ̧ͷŹµҪܵˣ
¶һ鲢ûʲô仯´ȵ۵Ķӡ
⻰һܵѦ˱ۣ΢΢ͷȥüסؿڣʱȻֱŻһѪȥ
ŵһУ£
۵һѪµʵˣҲüͻعҽ
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Ѧȴ˳ŸֵߣվԭأĨһǵѪ˦ֵĲ󣬾ȻҡҡλεֱӳŹ¹ȥ
һ֮ϥؿѩһڳ˶һ
ʽ㲻ܲҪңѦڵƫִ˵ҹŸʽֱΪֹ
ɫɫҰǹѪ·һͻ赹Ѧתìͷ׼رԨةģȥ
һֱû˵ۻرԨ
ǰ˵϶ϿҵȰΪѳΪӣʵö¹򡣡
Ѧš
ֶ֣ˣе־أ
˵ĸӦǣܳȥ˸־˺ȥקڵϵĵʵۣӲû
ǰ޴ӱ⣬ѦǿӲշ飬ʽҺúý͡
һ֮˭¹򣿡²ѦȻʣǻ֮ûн̹㲻ܶκ˵ͷ
Ѧ˳ǣʽģֻ㡣
ʿ̲סĵŤͷ˹һۡ
ʵھѦͦʵ֮ȻôˣʱҲһ˵Լ긧СʵۣҲ˵ء
ûע⵽ʵĿ⣬ٲȥϳһӰ
һԥظȥ
رԨѦʱˣһս̫Զ
ͣѦǰһľͷͬѦӣĮ˶Էͫһһٵ
Ѧ彩һ£ػʽ㡭
±ظһ顣
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֮ϸµģǾ䡰Һʧ
ڻһأһԵ־˸ٶʹڳɹؽѦӵָϽȥĵѦϵѩ
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ʻû֣ѾһԼ˻ȥعȥ
Ż֮ȥܽ˶һ˶ϵ
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Ҳǵҽ̹ȱϥ֮£һʵҲãұİ׽㡣
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ҲǰǸĻʽˡ
뵽ѦֻٰɫȥֻʣڰףͬʱͷһЩ³ڶѪŹ¾ǰӲ˻ȥֻһ͵͵ƺߡ
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²üͣƬ̲Ŵһֱǻʵۡ
ֻǻʵۣѦ׷ʡ
仰Ѧִʵʲôֻǻʵۡ
Ѧ˵ˣֻһ˫ҰǶסƵڹϲŲ
ȴЩطȥػۼͱ»عȥ̧˵ɣ
šףҪ̫ˡ
ȻȻ¶Ҳٶڣֱôǰ̬ȷԸ˸֡
˿Ҳ˲Ѧô룬־һѦԺӣҳһţֻƾűܰŵع١Ժ빬
Ժ⼸Ǳҵ뿪оȻƽ
һξˣֻ˷ʵļ㡣
Ͼ˭֪رԨΪȷ͸ûж˻档
תӲԺһرԨȶѦŵһڷԣ
ԸͣԸӡرԨ
»û˵ѾһסԼ߿ۣһֻ
رԨһڷߵķݣ
رԨʵסֱϣͣϢźʶһۡ
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 75 

ֻЦһ, Լѡ, ͬ⡣
رԨһͬԼ߷Ƶˡ
ֻĿǰ״ƶ, رԨ֪ԼڹµĿбȲʡ
رԨĻԹʵ̫, ˸ݣҲԾɶٴɫ
ѦҲǰĮԴⱲ̸ϡ񡱵ȴֻһ
رԨǰͺ֪֮λġ
ڴӻϻ֮, رԨȻڹӶӲ˳һ硣
翵ξ, ȷʵ˹
˵һ, رԨס
ǵ̫ãһǵߣ޿Լ˻ȥˡ
֮䣬رԨһѡ
ԶѦһ, Թ, ޷ԼҲն
ȴõѡһεĻᡣ
رԨ֮µ, ȷйƳ, Ժвῴ
ָʾ֡
װû
ǹ²ò˵ִԼ, Ȼ, Ȼѻ, ûʲôϵˡ
һະģȴرԨü΢·صǰĳ֮ϡ
ƣƳ滹ᷢرԨסƽص˹в, ⷨϽѰϽһѰ꾩϶ܻø
رԨһۣͻЦЦʸʱұˣ㾿ʲộĽҵĻٻأʲôôرԨϣһ
رԨۡ
Զѧ·ӣӲԼ˼ǰ͸¶һ˿һ˸׵Ķٽһӽȥƽѹʵ
ⶴѷⲻסˣرԨ㽫ô˼˵Ҳ֪Ƕϲŵġ
ǳ˼Ƭ̺رԨ̧侲ص±Ͳ
زˡ²ΪȻ˵գֻһת֪Щ¡
һʶطһ󣬲ùԼɿ
治ɫرԨԾض˶ż⣬˵ʲô
ǰûҸҵ顣һӣû𣿡
ʣѦܻ£ʲô˵ڣƫƫù
رԨ¿֪˵ʲô飿
ͬ۹۱ǡǹġװԼڵĸԾסȴµĻش
ʲôͬ޹ءĵ˵Ҿһ䣬õ£ڳãòһˡ
ĸûͬźĿͶرԨȥ
ʮô׽⿪
ķ
ҲǣĨǵ˼᲻οرԨߵأ
ҪܲõرԨǷ˼缸͸òˣϵõ죿
رԨϵûͣ׷ةֻǾԭأֱͦصϽȵʱһگϹƳûô򵥡
˵Ҵ£¹Ȼ˶٣ֻǶݵ˼Ƭ̱˱ܰá
һܲ͢û군Ҫ汻ϽλҲǻõ顣
˵ҲٺرԨϻָŵ͡
رԨ治پһԾ񣬵ˡ
뿪ǰرԨʱ¿סһۣ˼ؽƣʵ˫ۡ
ȹ¸߳һͷʼŹվԣһͷܽ°͸鵽ϡ
رԨûô׽
رԨעӣʲΪȻһüңŷµָ죬ǣߣúҩˡ
¶ʱšüʲôʱ
˽Ҫȡ
ںȲ¡´ٵȰʱ
ʽƵſڣʱǰô˵ˡóҪʳԶʣ
޿ҩζͷصͷཫŴϡ
رԨ⾡ģҲȻΪ˼ŭȷʵá
ĸԱܿɹĳĬȴ˰βżرԨٲߣ̲סүʵСֻһˡ
رԨ
Ϊʲôĸʡ
ֻѳرԨ˵ΪˣҲ
ֻҪڹбλһ죬ͬ·˱һ춯ʡ
Ͼ˶ǳڹһ֮ضȥģҪų켺ҲܽԼȥ
Ѧܲܲ˵ǧ볤
ĸƿ˰Σ˸⣬ѱ٣ϳأαµ˴ߣֻһء
Ԫ³һرԨʣ³ֻʣˡ
ĸԵصһͷʱΪȡ꾩ѽϣӴܵЩϽ˶׽鰸
ǰÿֻܼһʱµĵȴɼرԨͣ˽ŲԼдһյĶȡ̾Ҿãµʱ䣬ʲôҲı䡣
ĸ˳رԨĶȥִľȻ֧Ĺȡĺɫѣ㵵صɴ۾⣿
رԨĳ𣬸ˤٵĺۼ
ԭڻУõرԨƽ˵֮Ǳ³õĻᣬҲ²»жֻҪ˶Ϊѱ٣㲻پš
ԭرԨļƻ൱ܵġ
겻ᾪκˣ̽Ĺ֮뿪ѿÿɲá
ٳѷةฮѦˣ˺ѦΪǣرԨ㲻֡
ƫƫ̽ϳ˲
Ĺгݲ˽ѦҲ֮УײرԨжֱҲûץסʵݸ޴Ӳҡ
չ׹Ȼµʵݽ¶˳رԨȴΨһ֪ˡѦһµࡣ
رԨĿΨɵһǣٳѱ٣˶Ϊ·Ͼˡ
үĸҪ³ĴΪƣ
ǣرԨһ³ѣԭʹô֮Ҳ޸ġ
ɡĸ̲ס˵бİ취أ
㱧Щҵ˼ʵ⻰˵ò޵
ѦڶΪѱ٣ضî˾ȥһܽƵĵ·֮˵ҵİ취
رԨƽתĸµļü۵Ȼ˵ûУ·Ҫߡ
Լĺ¶һ룬֪¾ˣԼƻӰ첢
˵ʲôӰ죬ǶرԨЩ᲻ͷˡ
үĸ˿еȰǶأҲ˵ԼǸλΪβֱ׶⣡ֻʣ£ܴܲݡ
˵һ̲סҭͷɬû취̵־¸ɾ
ôͷѵ浽˵ڸ
ݣرԨҪ˵Ҳڡ
ڣʲôʱ򣿡
رԨûлشԸȥҡ
ʱ֣ſڻյλεĵơ
˵رԨҪлܼԽرԨӭ˽ȥ
Ƭ̣л㲽رԨδƻڸȴȫȻָ
ʱãҪˡлЦ˵
鲻ǫ飬ռ췢ض֪ˡرԨڵģȴ鲻
лرԨͣסŲ˼Ƭ̣ЦҪ̵ͬ£
ֺαѰ㡣
лǻˣرԨ˸Ķ˵
رԨҲĸ˵⣬Žѷŵϣ뿴
лö̽ȥ˳ѣϸϸشͷβһ飬Цһ£ԭƷһֱϣ±¿²֪ɣ
Ȼ֪رԨ⡣
಻Ҳ֪֪ôлóڷһ£ʣ˭أ
һƳϣȻҴرԨ
⻰ǺƽлЦ׼Ϊ¸
ûرԨ˵֮ڣֻĿչס
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Ѽ¡رԨǲӦܱϳ
лǸϹӣȻע⵽ϸڱ˸ࡣ
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лļ֮һ
壿¶Թ˽ġرԨע֧͹ŹֵĳѰΣصֻҪܻҪĶ㹻ˡ
лʵҪʲô
Ҫ£رԨҪǡ
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Ѧӳعĵ㷢˸ȣԺл𼱻ǵ֮빬Ѧһͷˮʸ֣ʱǺúõ𣿡
ĸ˵ڳţֻ÷ܵһʴԺоͱôˣǸϽ°ɡ
ԺмֱһͷڰոֵİʾѦϥǵǹǺ޲̴ǹ٣Ҳܵã
֣ԺУǸˡ
ԺˣһѦҩæһޣѦȶȲȥЩʱ͸Ѿæÿ̱ˡ
ʵʵ˵Ժ˿ҹǲȥˣ
ʵ벻ϵڶѦʧ̬ĵطοѦһ߷Ÿȣһһ亰šʽ㡱
ֿЦԺкαضһʣ
Ժг̾˿пصҲǹ˹ͬʵ̫ˡɱҲ˲ֹһΣôš
ʲôҲ˵ԻظԺгϻ
Ԫڼ֮糯ͣգѦ񲡵Ҳȥ糯鷳
ţ˿صʵ޹ʱȴѦ֣ʱ첽˹ȥӦ£ˣ
ѦȺ۾ʽĻأ
æȥ˫ߡ
Ѧϳӹ뻳У˸ţֻ˯˹ȥ
ֿѦģԽû⡪ʵⲡôôڣָܻӡ
һ޾㲻糯ҲѦȥ
˼룬ȵڶѦⷬģһҧȥرԨ빬
رԨҲܸɴؽʹѦ񣬼ѦճԺģڴ߿ۣܹñ
ãȻȥˣȴرԨӹֱѦȥʧɫ࣡
رԨһ赹ѦϣȥĪˣڳʵ۶ϸˣһǴˡ
ʱѾ˵˴ߣñѦüͷ
Ͼڳֻǻʵ۰ˡرԨ˵
ֶڶֵػԡ
رԨֻѦϣƽصΣ»ʧһΣ
Ѧ۾ƣת飬ĿرԨ˫ۣ˻Ƶص㼤ޡ
رԨֱ˸񣬡ˡ
ִϲæѦ
ѦȻյó죬Ǻѣؿڵѻˣ޸δã˫¡
رԨͷϽɹδ̿ͣǰüĿ
ǰȥϽѦ̫㣬˵ֱҪͣƶϽ
ɣرԨ˶٣һڳϡ
ѦЦһ£ԭ֪ôࡣ
ԭ˽Ƶ׼رԨ
Ѧ˵ˣ۰һڸֶΪٶ˯ȥʱٶȿڣΣȾȻʽ㡣
ȻرԨ˵ͬ뵽һȥˡ
Ѧ񱧽˻лɭصУʽرܡ
ߵĸּ̾òһС±ϡڰؿرԨһۣȴλȨĻش
رԨû⸣ֵעӣȥƽ͵ͬѦ˵ˡ                        
лҪ˵е㿨ģӸ_(:١)_

4000Ӹ

Ԫ³ʱ, ѾڳдսϽ̿͵ļһһˡ
ڶѲ֮, ²źŲһ, תȥԸѲǸ, 㻹Ҫʲôʱ򣿡
ʿһۣϻ濴յģû㡣
ϾǰϹµı޿, رԨѦ񶼱ûͱ˸ĿڶԴ, Դɱ, ѾԺȥܶˣʶûʲô
Լ꾩İŸùµʵݱ¶ˡ
ҲδػϾ, ̽ŵ, ˵ٹ꣬бת
ʣСҲ쿪յڱĻ
ҲĴ¶ǸԼԽϾëûа취, , Ҳû뵽Լǻ˸, ˭Ҳû뵽Ƴ˷ϻ֮ͯЧǣ
, »һֱԼĳ־컰Ľʬꡪô
ѹû뵽廹ԭ, ӻ˳
֮ǰҶǵˣ˼صʱںӱ߼һʱ
ʵкüյ·̡
ϴҲͨ·֧°͵, жܽҴӻ͵κˣ
һҲûأʣȻţ˵ҲǼ
ͳȥĹз׳ˣüңҿġ
ʿһۣƲʣչˣ
Ȼһֱֻ󣬵ܾԹ¹ˡЩ˿еĲʶ˵Ϊ˹¶ġ
ȻµĻشȴϵĸɴ࣬ûУҴûҺ˶٣κ˶ˡ
ʣرԨһ·ӵģ
СʱҶǵˡĵ˵¾ʱҶòࡣһУԼҲЩ֮顣
Σüʲô
Ҵ꾩ģµô˵ɣһʼҵѪһûиĵߡ
ʹǰĻʵ۶ˣ˭Ҳ֪꾩ɡ
ȷʵò飬ףҲֻ֪ԼǰϽˣй¡
ʵĶ͵һͣٿؿ£Ͻ
ʧЦҲͬӦþ͵꾩ǵϽйصκ顣
ϽΡʳԭΪΪϵĹƳ棬˵ԭ򡣡
Ʃ磬Ͻбݡű塣
ӦΪ˹Ƴ棬ҡͷȥô꣬Ͻôûҹ鷳ϵĹһͼֵǣϽˣҲֱ⡣
촽ϴϮȺѾرԨҵ¥ԻὫʽ
µ˵ͷԼȥתۼȴƼɫߵĻ˿ڣǲ뿪꾩ˣ
ǡͣһ£ԼؽͣرԨѾòˣԤȥϽ
·ۿˣƳ淢ʱֽǰ
ȻѾ֪˹Ƶֱ֣һϽҵ֮ĿܸЩ
ҪǣµرԨѦǰ¶Ժ˵ʲô鷳
ʲˡܸ֮˻ᾲԹۡ
ʲôʱˣʵʡ
䣿룬νصҩѺȺеãû̫ࡣ
˵սԼȥʿ㿴ҵָǲǳһЩ
ʵͷһۣšü
ǳôһ㣬ǶԹµָƣ̶ȸֱ治
ҩƹƳվ̫΢뾡ҵһⷨ
˵ʱȻȻ֪˹ԼһЩ仯Ħ¹Բļ׸ǣЩ仯㶼ʵ𣿡
ûС³ʵص
ޱ̧ۿָ
ЦŪһʵҾ͸㡣
ȴûôƭԭضŹ£㲻˵Ҿҵİ취ˡ
£ٿЦݣʲô취
üҲһ£ָָﻬȥôαضһʡ
µеСʱûԴֹͷŽһô
ǰʲôԵİʾ
̶̼칤˵ֻʱȻٺˡ
»ǵһμƤܺôˣĥҲһ츳
Ĵοջʱ棬˵һ滰ôϵָȥµģٲǸ˯ȥֶ̹С룻پȥͻȻѪûн֪鶼˵ף
±淭˵ļסˣʶ˳֣ȴʼס
ҲƢʵҪôϴʾܾ˶һ룻ûֹʲôǾô˼
һһ˭ѧģЦԷǣȥʵԴ·ͱס
ޱȻ˵ҵʦ㡣
˵ţȥ¹µȴȻһδŲһ˫۾ʢźҹǹ⣬СԼذһ޿ɱܡ
һʶ
ǽϾƵģʵȮһ̾ҧ
Ҳû̫º׼̵ẰһЦֻӣû㡣
ΪȻɨһۣͷǳǳӡֵͷȥ˵ڶ¡
˺ˣ÷Цֻһ֪飬ȫ㡣
Źֻ֣ûɿδ̧ͷ˵
Ͻˣ꾩Ӧֻȵۺ֪̫Ҳͣһ£ٶһˣȵ޻̸ȵۿŹҲ֡
ϧһ
̵֪صһģܴ̫ãջȥܳҽҩһɰ
ǰʶ֪߲µ˵ʱ鲢仯
ڵʱͣʱʶǹһֱص㡣
ۡµҪȥջḶۡ
ۡʵɲ꣬׷ʣʲôۣ
ԭδֻ̣ͬǴǰ顣̾һۻǴϻȡġ
šüǾǴҲȡһ֡˶٣նصҲ⡣
ҪۣҲǱؽġ
ʲôܱù»ŸҪ
εػüۣҪ˵ʲôԺȴˡ
û֣ȻûȥӦš
˺ԾԼԺǽЦص˹ϮϽʳˣ¹ش󣬴ˡ
ЦЦʵϴ˸תȻŵͼûô
Źֵͬ¥ԶһۣĿײʱ͵Ļ𻨱ߡ                        
лҪ˵дʱ򣡷ûˣѵôذ帴̨_(:١)_

 77 

¥, ̳ƽִ˳, ѵþЩεһ, , ʲôˣ
١¥ЦشԺǽԣرԨ֪Ҫ, ʹ˹׼׼ȥһͷ, Ҫǹ˹ʲô뵱ʵ, ȥһ˷Щ
üë
ǰնرԨ˵ĻѵǻȻܽϵ¶ȥ
ȴ𻰵ʣ϶˵, Ҵȥ
˸, ǹԭܾĻҲ˵ˣεתۿ, ´²µΪ
ոմ֪Ͻǧ˿Ƶϵ, ȻҪȥһԵġ
Ͻǳأ
ʵ뷨, Ҳܵ¥Եܾ, ֻøʵĶ, Ҫҡ
ʣá
ֵúرԨ˵
ؽӻ¥ԣζ˵Ȼ˹⡣
ܾ¥ǻл, תͷһۡ
¥ӭʵĿ⣬Ƶĳ˳ǣƤЦⲻЦǼ
ʶ˼˰¥Եı֣϶˽ۣ֪ˡ
仰һ˵ڣµҲ¥Եϡ
¥Цһŵ֪ʲô
֪˭ʰס˹µļصʼɽ뽫µģڷӦһ
¥Զʵĵʵĥ˲٣ͻȻȻԭġ
ԭֲɵ֪ˡ¥԰˳Ҳ֪ǰͱƵܡ
ȻɽﲢʵĹ¥ɫһ˲ײס
ûλε﹥ڦתֺõЦһ£Сؽ͵رԨϢϣֻǰոԺǽ춯ֵ֪ʵԴһвȷ²Ǽ٣Բš
¥ԱϾرԨ£ôܹҲɵǾסڹºʶ棬ܵķּһƴճŵ
Ԫ³һʱֵ̫رԨʧ֮һʼεҲô¥ģ췽ҹ̷Ĳ²ȻܳΡ
ʴƣ¥ǲô¶Լ֪ġ
֪С۾ô⣡
¥ʾ֭ΪԼͣɻ˵һ룬¾νذִˣͼװ֪ɡ
¥һҭҲͣ
Щԭһͻظɴ೯µϥȥҲûЦݣʹԴ볤ҡ
㣿´ȥ¥ԵͷǵĮ¥ԣرԨˣ֮û¹ϵ
˵գʵȥüߡ
ô¥ˡ
һֱ¥Բ˳ۣʱôر£Ҳһɻ
رԨѦҲ̫ԶˣѦرԨֱʲôʻ֪ġ
ǿɲͨ˸ɵóġ
ʲôʡ
¥ԴԴûش𣬺ûʵ⡣
ʵҲǷҪ𰸣ӦӵԺ󡪡ųһˡ
ҹ˳ĺ¥ͻȻѦǻãرԨǻãҲ޹
ʺ¥һۣʵʵ˵ظرԨˣ²
¥ԳϥǻվұǸģͷΪһ˽ͷˡ
˵ͣʱعһǣԳ˵һֻһλεĻᣬֻǱôһߡ
ҲصֻǱǶֵΡ
¥ԣ̲סԼ䳤ʷҴǰҲôΪġ
ʱֱ۳¥ԣͻЦһ£ǶѾһͿأһ˿ҲͰˣһʲôã
ѦرԨ¥ԣѵԼڹĿĻ᣿
⼸仰ĹѾ۴߱ߵͷϵϸü΢΢𣬿ЩҪ죬Ҳü
㲻Ҳ𣿴εĻֻһΡӭŹǰ°Ѵ멸£ϵˡ
¥Ըż·뿴һĻ
ãעⲻϸڶС
Ʃʱܻؾ˹µָҲûܣ˳Ȼرֽϵʣͺϰ˶ԷչƵġ
¥ȴ֪ܽļһŮˣˡ
һëͷСӲźʶ겻ȴѾôܣҲ֪õʲôֶΡ
ˣߵ¥ʱʵȻ֪ˣ߱ʲôˣ
֮ǰ¥Աһ泤ܡ
⵹Ҳأµֲʲô
˵赭д⻰¥ԶȴϺݺݴһȭһš
ʸŹ´¥߾ƳԷһ𡢲԰׵Ĵǣеһ˿ӵԺ
¥Ȼ˵ɲ꣬ʵӵһμʱʹ̹һ䡰˫ϵ۾ƭˡʵʱΪɴ¥ʹڻζ
˵ѵ¿Ե޹ԩ¥
İƫĵվ˹µϣ¥
¥ֻƬ̾͸Ĭؼݳͷ뿪
»ûرԨеôдŲãһ·û˵³ʱ䵭ضǿҲ˵
ʵܺá
ҲºرԨ˵
ҪΪù¼һЩϽˣкرԨ汻Ļᡣ
¥Զ꾩ʮϤߵĶϡٵС꾩СȦһſڡ
´ڿһۣüһ¡
꾩Ѻ˵ĵطһΣֻѺط˾Ͻһֱ̲ϽѺﲻͨ˵ġ
ʣµĵ͵࣬³ƽҲἰġ
Ѻͼѹķˣտյһͷ˽ȥһͷƤİš
¸䣬㲻ֹһҲİ
ջĿ˵һ۽ȴƼԶһͷ׷ʱšü
رԨԴſںš
Ȼ绥ݣҲرԨȦӣ³ʱӶؽĿƿûһ㡣
¡رԨƽ͵
´Ծֱ·䵭չˣѦ˵ţק룬£˵Уġ
رԨµԼЩ
⻰˵˷ЦصһЩڹŹߣмûĹأ
ԶĲᣬһα㲻ǡرԨص
ĸԲһѺ㳰ҷĳȻЩ
Ҳֵϡ棿ʴ˶Իصһξ͹ѦҪ˭࣬˭٣ôèоԺģ
ĸˣҲǸһھͲ˵ġ


 78 

˵, رԨƽת˻, ջȥ㲡, ·, Ժҽտñѹˡ
Ѧµƫ, ûºŵ, úһʵҷĵؽ, ͳ
˵رԨȫȻ̵У֮ǰȴĵȷȷرԨڣѦȻСЩҲ±Ҳ븹
˭֪Ѧֵ, رԨةȻֻԹ۲Ȱɡ
ΪβôǰûرԨ
С, Ҫ֪ɲó, ǰ㽫̫һߡ
رԨ֪²ס
Ѧı仯ʵӵ, ̫Ȼ˲СƲ֮, Ѧ, ǡǡǹµĴڡ
Ҳܺá
, رԨûԣٷָѦһЩ
ˡͻȻ
һڣͽµע˻ȥ
˴ͳʮļηһȦҲֻҪһСʽ͵
ʵͷԼԣ, СĽ¡
ôرԨ͹µĶԻرԨתͷһۡ
ȷʵ߻谵Ҳھ͵·Ҳĵز
ҲԼŵµ·棬еЦ
ôҲǸôߵ̲ƽֲл۾·ò˲
ʵС˼ȻңҲν˳ֻЦԷǵָڶԷﵯһ¡
һԣָֽ߬סˡ
һ·ߵ֫ŵϽǰʱҲûٷſ֡
´һͷɢˣϲǰյһ̿ͣرԨСǰúõģץˡ
ΪϵĹƳ桮ɡرԨ
ϽʥԭǽǵˣϽرԨĻҪ쳯ˣѵûⲻǵĶ𣡡
ʮֵ꣬õϣϽ˵ĳ
ʥֻһԣϼȻĸƵϢͿ϶ʶǸ͵ʥƵˣϽ˺޺޵ʥдʦɲݣ͵ʥƵ˭֪ȷԦơΪǰȻˣһջǻģ
Ͻôһ˵΢ԼʱмǵõĻ
䲻֪˭ЩϢ鱨䵽ȥģȻΪɡĹƳ治һݵؽȻ
ƳһֶҩԶʱǲƳ⿪һձٴλع
˭ޱص
СӶʲôϽЦӹڹϣƶ˵ⲻԭӰɡ
һԱ࣬ô˲侹ƾˡ
Ͻ˴źҧгݵ˵ʥƲʱعⷵաӲдοûдʦֹƣֹͬʣûܿͻˡ⣬ǵʥƵĴۣ
Ѿ㹻ˡ¿˿ڣɫһʵֱۣƽصοΪһ²̫̹ЩһˣǶԥԾˡ
Ͻ˴ӲƵҷ䶢סµ۾ɭɭغٺһЦҪţҾҪʵ䷴ʹ಻ҰѲɵ鶼˵Ϊ˸Ѿûˣ
ŶһδϽƵĻŵƫͷ˶Էһ˼ʲô
ͻȻѾҵⷨˡ
ܣϽҾ㵣ɴ۾ƭˣ
صôܡ
һ֧ѡЦŵ㿴ҵ׼
ѣϽֹƬ̣ͨʲôƵĴЦǵ֧רΪʥĳѺԸΪ㴵ѵӹһиǰᡪ㣬ĹѵǾͨԦ֮ĴʦΪµ𣿡
ºʺϻϽ˿׳Լ֪Ƭݣֵͷ˼Ƭ̣֪أ
ʦӲ뿪ϽܽʥָˣϽն˵ʥڶʮǰͱߣ֪ʦԳȥ׽ˣ⻹м٣
˵꣬ҪǿԼ֮ǰ˵ĻƵģغһ˶ʥȡϽ
µǲԷвȷǰȥϽһˣӦΪȡɵġ
ҲһóشͻȻѸȥ
μ󡭡ΪʲôҪΪ£
ֹƵˣʲôʡ
ϽɨһۣԼǱ˵ĥǵĿģ׵رشˣǺͶˣκε쳣ֹƲĺ˵ǻûȵһ죬ͻȻҲ˵
ʶսµ֣ȥʱͻȻѪֹʹһĻ
ܾҲɱˣֹʱȻѾͶ·ų²ߡ
ҲôԤ⵽»ǰϣҲ׷ɸٸӰ졣
ٲȷʵסʮı֮ѣֻڡ
ǶԵġ
ɽÿһȴôߡ
䲻ʵʵŽƣڼҳԺúȺõӲһյġϽ˴ſ˱ɵĶۡ
ս˼̧ͷੲݵϽһۣʵΪβֱѰҺֻҪ˲ɣǾܽϽˡ
ⲻĹƳܻȡϽЦ⿪󲻹һưˣ
Ȼɱҽڳߡֻһֻ𣿡
ԭͬϽһߺڿûˡ
ôǼȵߣҲ˶ϽͻϽе
ĸĸԣֻҪȡȻȥİӹƣ
˼صһͷûлͷڳ˽֪ӹرԨǶϽһ⣬֣˵𣿡
ʥƵĻϽ̾ҿƭκĻ
ֻݹ۲飬ͷ˵
Ҳֻ˵ˣϽϽĴ󲿷ˡ֪ʥƵ
Ͻôûдٱԭ
ҲˣȻ޴̸ʲô
Ͻϻһ˿Ȼغȵ˵˵
ûᣬƫͷѯʣʲôʵ𣿡
ʳĬƬ̣ƽϽһʣûбĽⷨ
Ͻ˱ϺƵɱѹһƬ̺żѵطЦ֪ܲܳɹľ·һûȥ
ϽƵ仰üעתλǱĹʦϡ
Ȼ޵Ŀ̹ǣ취ôô˵
ʲô취ɶ׷ʵ
ӹƵȡƳ壬ԽĸϽ˷˲Цӹʹޱȣ˵һغСѾͷҪ˸ô㵹ǿȥһ
άüıͷرԨһۣȨһ˫۾Ҳϣʲô
ˣԼνصǾͲˡ                        
лҪ˵ͷ

 79 

ºͬ¥һ, 뿪ʱȴû, Ҳûκ, ˲һ·߻ȥġ
ڹ·Ż˵֮, ֳʱһƬߵĳĬУüʱ䶼û˿˵ϽҲŵصɴ۾, ·ôԼν
û˵ķӦ, ֻǣ˾, ͷҲתصǽ˶ﻹж
תչУһԲľĬһ, ֱƵعչ, ſڵ취Ҳǲá
, µ, Ҵһһ顣
һʵ
ղϽ˵Ļ˵ֱ治Ǽ, ûҪССϸ˵ѡ
ҲСٶǿؾܾ, 㻻, رԨҲС
˵գûȵʵķӦŤͷȥʱֻʹͷ¶Сޱ֪ôĿžЩίֲɵ, ղŵβ̫ԡ
ȷʵ̫ˬ죬ӦǲٵġƲֵ˵
رԨģʵĺۼҡͷ˵ǣرԨôһԡ׵֪˽Ƶİ취ȥһ㣬ԡ
ºرԨô꣬ƢԵȻʮ˽⡣
׻˵úã֪֪˷ܰս
ڹ˵رԨһ֮У֪ٴΣԱ˴˵ĳǸ˼ܴĦ˾Ųʮ
ԭصһˣֻҪ¥Դ㹻ˣƫƫ׶²ĻĵضرԨҲ֪Ψһӹ²˵ҪҽƵİ취ʱҲйҡ
ʾţ˼Ƭ̱Ҳûи߷²ѵ顣
صͷȻرԨ˵ʵصǲɣȴҪ鶼ûкͶԷ˵ʵЩӣǷ²̸Щʲôأ
Ϊʲôʡ
ҲŪرԨʲôһӣֻҪ֪ȷʵı˵͹ˡ
ٶģһһȽ˭ֶθӸˡ
Ƭ̣ԼԼֳһʹµҪһ£ϵô
Ҳ¡ֱԵҵˣûҪȥ£˾ͺܺá
ʣ˸ʽ½ͣرԨ㣬ʽ
ɻ̧ۣҪô˵ҲǲܡرԨѵ֪õκζ췽ҹ̷𣿡
ʳĬ˰Ρ
ԼһǺеġ
ѱ٣رԨ֪Ƶİ취ӹȡһЩø취һȥõġ
꾩һ겻رԨ͹»治ΣѾ̵֪¶رԨĺ֮ˡ
ѦιҲӲ˽ļǺ޶ԷɷرԨǶŶøĴ
ؼ裬رԨҲôػصķʽ߾ȹġ
ջȸղŷ²˵ĸСʺ۵ȻرԨĴˡ
Σ㲻ҪŤͷʣȷֱ׵صҲһȥ
ʵĿⲻԾشü۽Ա߲ȥ˸ػζƫ硣
ʣüûУҲ׼ȥðա
ı£촽βŴӦһá
㲻УرԨСּǰߣĵ˵Ҫһ˸ɴ࣬ȫǷ˭鶼ԣرԨͲС
رԨСӲһ仰˵飬е̬Եòܸԡ
׷ϹµĲ׿Դ·ĽζԥƬ̾̽ȥһǰɵ
»ûתͷ˵ʲشԵſָȥ
һбİ취ᶨصǶԹƳˡ
ԭشνɲƼǰٰ棬ֻ̾˿Ӧţ
ӳʱ˰ʱسʱûνңңͷˡ
ճʱ»µǣʵһһӵص·߻ȥɵȹչιսʱǲһ䵽˵͹ȣٶȸۿɼ
ϵطŲȻ˹¿϶֧ˣȴһҲû˵
ι󣬹ͣŤͷ߲ˣۿȥҪС꾩ǣ绹ɡ
ʵߵƳǵС·ҵĵطҲҪһӡ
ﻹߵһӣüǾ͡
ұȥʵ
۾һֺܿȻʲô
ȥͺҩ
£ٿ˦ʵ֣ϸϸع۲ڵλã˴ͦȥҽһزġ
־Ͱѹק˻
»ûüʵ־֫ǸƵȥұȥ
ǿǿʵҲûʲôֱˣԶ԰Σϸֱյܣ׻ѡ˲Կ·ҡ
콫·ϥǡ
εʱϣ˫סǰȥɵ÷ļ˵ֻһʦɲҽġ
㿴Ļв١ʵ
ûġ¿϶Ǵǰ飬ʶ֮ġ
ǾԼ飬ΪʲôҪӱѧ治ɫӤر֪ộ˽̡
£ʳָһʵţĹѧͦҡ
˳ָƫһͷû
ױ˱ǲ÷ҲĶĶ۵ģ´ǰҲûйƵľƬ̱㵭
Ͼ𱻼Ҹ¸˵ſڱ˱ϲԿһЩ
ԡ
˯Ĺٿۡ
ͷȻصﻹҪԵģǿýÿ춼̲ס֡
ˣҲȥֻſʱϣ·ٳһҩڵʱһ
¥Եʲôͻʵƭʲô
ڿϦĹ±νصҲƭҡǰزϢκˣһ䴫סġ
Ѧֻܻһˡʵ
ԣͣƬ̣ǻʲô󣬲Žµֹ¥Աȥɱ˱£Щˡ

ûд𻰣ὫУķȥ
ǲǾΪ˾ңпԭԸЩơЦҸղֹȥһ顣
ʵ¥ԱӦøá
Ҫֹ飬ù·֣Ҳò󻼡
ɱѦ񲢲α¥ԱӦøһ㡣
Ǳ±ˣ쳯ûеڶʺϳƵ۵ѡε㲻Ҫѧͷ۵ýѵһٺ뿪꾩ǰһκ档
ʳĬƬ̣ظҲ¥һ¡                        
лҪ˵ͼеصȴ¶ҵķÿȻһȥʲôҲûУͻȻ(`㡨)

 80 

ĵٶҵ˳, Ǽƺ˿춼Ƶġ
أĴһ, ûʵӰ, ü, ôһڼ
Ҫνص
رԨѦ֪˭Ҫɱʱ֣ܶѦƺǺԼΪҲ˵, رԨȻ, ǰд, ҲϽȵȡ
÷ĵؽ·ڼԼȥһˡ
ڼû¸ɣһҵ˴ʱ;еճˡ
飬õһ˶˵ӱ, ߵ, ֣ǰҲϲ, ʮܵһΡ
ʵ, ˹һӦ
ǳ, żҲԵصĶ, Ʃճ
͵͵һ, תת飬ֲʵҪҪٳЩģ
ʰҴźȲ̫ܳ, ճϺҩٳԣ졣
ҩˣҲһ뵽ĴڱͷƤ顣
治ΪǳģΪʵѺȡ
ͷ̬Ⱥ࣬ҩǵúúúȡ߾ֱߵرԨǸ˵µģ¥ȥϽȡܾҩ
ʱ͹ϰµĳƺ⣬Ѿûٽдˡ
ǸߵſڵĹ¶ʱ쳣̧֮۳˿̾Ϣŵ¥Ժ˵ʲôˣ
Ȼһֵ̰¥ûңԼ³ġ
£һµóҪԪ³һرԨѦֵֻ̫Ҫע˴Ķٶܼߡ
˵ףĴ
ڰؽ͵ҺǲһҴһʼϳˣرԨѦǼ϶ڵ˳ӣرԨһ˵ֻʵ̾Ͳµˡ
˵꣬Сع۲µɫˮǳС¹ƵһһµƳ
Ҳǣһʼϳˡµ
۾ʱˣ˫ֻһ´ˮԭ£ǵ£ǰˣ
ǹǰ顣µֻ̫ţһֱû˵ˡ
˵ҲôȷУϾе졣
ײŰס˼еĳ嶯ԼСϼĹ£ϸӵĺΣԭŮʱġ
ʧЦôһ
ʮꡢʮʱ򣬿û˼ͳ죬Ĺ²һŮеĳˡ
һģزǰסµֱۣͷϿһ£Ҿ֪һټµģȻֻˡ֪ٺŵҶţΪʲôҲأ
²ÿɷ̧ͷ꾩һ˿ĵؽ˳ķ˿ֻͣС
ѵڵУرԨѦһ𣿡ʡ
㲻һԸܸ㡣¾һļ⣬֪Ժѹġ
ܵɹЦݵȥ֣²£һҵư취ġ
䣬¾֪ˤϵҲ֪ˡ
̾ɿһգճ
¹ЦݣĬǰĻ⣬Цӯӯֱˣ²ʲôģȻϲҵգʺôܱأ
룬˵ҸһЩ
ʧɫ⡭ⲻܣôرԨôĶӿ˳ۣ
бű룬Ҫ󡣡
˿ʮʲôϵҽűգ
ԺˣֲǸµ
ʶҲˣҵҵġ
֣ü÷ˣͶղǶû𣿡
ҡͷǺһ𳤴ģôܳأѽ
÷֪֪ײźáµҲẦ㣬ֶһ˲ţλ꾩һ˺䡣
̾һ˰
ҪͷȤһЦܴ󷽽µģɵĿеľ˵⻰ʱʱߵҸطԼȥ²Ҫ٩ˣڣ꾩˭Ҳܱȹȥ
ʲôϵǰҲû˽Źڵͷε
Ϊû˵Ӵ󵽵˵⻰ǵͽһ˵Ϊ
ֻڲƴڻίʵϲѡ˵
Цӯӯһŵ¡ڿʮ꣬Ƚ֮Ҹأչ
ЦЦؾصҲġ
Ĩ˵Ķδ飬ȴܿ϶ԼûôõĽԶ
ܲܽ⣬ô⣬ΣΡЩһ̫翡޷ȷ±ö롣
ѾǶһ׬һˡ
ǣԾЦ۵صҵĻҲԼ⣬񲻺ò֣㻹Լİɡ
ҷĲµһ̵ƫִ벻ǰҵĴ㣬ȴ֪Ǻûǻǲ֪࣬ҲͱرԨֵô
ȻǺõģȡۣߵǸˣ¥ڹúá²¥ȴǶԵģűҸ嶯
ȥɱһ֮ڶôµ
һҪһγɹͺˡ
ü⣬
ίҧҧ촽¹ô˵Ӧ˹ʦǾԤԣѦˣ˵ϵĹƶԼˣ
³ĬעĽëʶͷСʵѾ²̵ʱ䡣
¥Ժֻܻһ˵Ųɣ֪ǲҲأ
ͷţȥµı飬ŬⰴȴôҲȫǵ¶ǸǸ޸֮ˣҲ취
㳤󣬲Ϊ˽뷨ġ̾ҪޣңһжҰŵġ
ƫֹ˵ԼԼȫõˣʲôǶԵģҪ˭ǿ϶ǵ¡
ҽعʱ㳤һͨͨСӣµ꾩һμʱкܸˣԼû
ŵĶͣ˶촽ȴû̷Ҳû¡
ҴϣҡرԨˣֻҪ꾩һ˾ͺˡ˵ҪΪҶסԼĽŲ
·йƵһţҲںԼʲôҪǵܿĹһӣѦġرԨܰۡҲ񡭡ܳ꣬ñһҪá
ЦôˣôԸ̰Сӡ
ʵڲУֻһɾһҲʵֲˡ                        
лҪ˵л˵ԼҪ˵ʲôĵһϻ

 81 

Ϊʳʱֺԥ, ʵػ, ź뿪ġ
Ȼʺ͹¶֪رԨѦڲᶯ, ˵ǽȻͬġ
ƶرԨѦıʱȴŶǴǰҳ, ֪˹¾֮˭Ҳ˼Ӳ
˳ﶼΧøйƵôˣܳסΧԺ, ѵ, 
ɾ֪һ˷ڳܰȫ, չ⼸ϰߣʶطĵëԥ˺ü²ڳš
Ҳ֪ʶ˸ס˹֮˶Ҫ߳һ, ûβ档
˼̯, ܿû˳֮Уһڶһݵ˴档
ظ硣ݵƵ˼ʱЦ
ʳԷһͷ, ô
ݵʴӳˮһ·, ºݺ, Сʱ򵱹͵, , Ƚֿ죬꾩ĴҪ̽Ϣֱˮ
ݺ˫ִٺһЦ, ҸǺУξգ˼ةฮſڣȻûֵʲôģ̽һֵ飡
ʲô£ʳʵ
λ̫ʲôֲݺҿѹʵ˵ϲ֪ʲôʱ򳤳ֵĺ룬̫ҽǿμĴѰҽء
ɫ΢ʲôط
⵹û˵ݺӺףֻ֪̫µý˺ü̫ҽҲûóμҲæϣҸҽʲôġǰ̫Ǹزһ͵λ϶ƽͷϰö࣡
ʳ˼Ƭ̽Ϣ£½ݺＸ⣬⼸ϸرԨ
ϡݺˬӦ£̲סظ磬೤ÿ񡣡
ޱؽݺķϻ˻ȥ
ݺӣӱͻصˣʵۺϹҲ岻ʣ̫ҽԺңæҿҲûʲôĹôͲһƬ
ĵôûã鷳Ҳ塣
ݺԼȥæû̻صƬ̺·ȥһط
*
̫ҽԺȷʵæһĽųľ
ͨĹעⱣҽֻ趨ȥƽ֮ıգԪǰʱ䣬еλߵļ˼ͬʱһֱԵ൱
ԺһƣغͬŻֵŽŲҹɫлؼңȴԼҵĵе࣬ɵþ
ʵڲԺж룬ھʵ̫ˣڿֳֺڵĹֱͷϲҪҡ
Ĳ˵һ̫ҽԺıԵͻȻڼĵҹﱻӲûʵ۵빬ȥ˺ͳ˻ʵרõҽҲͰˡ
̫ɹԼ˾֢˼̫ҽߺ󣬾ȻҲԺˡ
Ժһ̫ʲôʱιǰĸҽ
ʲô֢²ǱҽڿԴõģ
ԺᶨѦƲϷ֣¶ͬһڣ»Ը΢ǣʵڳ鲻
ˣҲȻһ춼в
иֻһյҹƵʱȴЩƻͨļƣֱװס硱֡
Ժ˿ڿˮСĵƿԼҵţ̽ػˣ
ӴŻص˵ˣϽ
Ծʮ㣬ԺһڣΪԼһλͬŹʽݷá
еʺԺһƿԡ
Զ׼˿Ժбǿʶϰˣȥһ˵
ԺУˣ㲻˵Ҳ밡
ԺУʵ˵ͷֱ׵һѯ
ԺС뽲
̫һ룬Ժм𣿡
Ժоȵ۾δȥ̫У⴫Сε֪
رԨϵǺģûشԺе⣬ŵ̫ǺڵġܲжǷǹƳ棿
Ժšü˼˰Σҡͷ²жϡ벻ȴܳһ͹ƳϽô겻ֳ󶯾һӽֶþ̫ȥ
лᣬԺ취һΡʵһֻһ
̫ɱµˣִʱߵմϵϵʷĲ
Ժǹ¶εʱҲΪˡ
ٲƫ̫رԨѦκһġ
Ժüһ׻ǵͷӦֵǹ˹ϵĹƲ֪ⷨѰˣ
ҩڳԣлʶ˶٣õĽ֮ûҵ
ôУԺм
ҽ̫󣬻һ¡ʵǹڹϹƳġ
Ժеͷ˵
Ƴĸƣ֪ʶԺУޱصĸֻӹƣֻΣ
ֻԺҡͷⲻܣĸƳһͬõģô˵һֻͶһֻأһ˵һֻƳ棬ǲٿˣ
ȻϽоͨҽһ̣ԺлǺܿ˷ϳжϣҡͷʵ˵ûüʼƪۣͼһԲذַŵϣ°Լϻײӡ
ǸɡԺеĻ˵һͿ˺Բ۾͵ƵĹȥֱλεһɫһʱʧҲУ
ˡ侲ص¼ԺУֻ֪
Ժоֵ̧ͷʣҲ֪
ֱֱ֪ۣǧȷĵڶֻӹơӹֻǷԽӰ죿
⡭ԺһƬңæֵ룬Һú롭
ȴûԺӱܵĻᣬŰѻ˵ˣʱҪӹһһҺرԨҪֻҪһ˻ȥ͹ˣ
ԺеĶһʲôһһ
ҲһͻʵһرԨԸ⣬ҪԸ⡣
ԺԭһƬҵ͵һͣ㵵ؿʣͰ͵صһӹֻҪ
Ļ˵һ룬ʵ޶ҡȻ͸֣Ҫ˵ڵĲпỰҲ̲סʻ˶ȥ                        
лҪ˵˵ʲôˣ
и˵޵еĶҡ⣬Ҳˣʦô׬Ǯҵģ
£ʣ˵˭һ֮
ʣ
£ÿʲô˵㣡
ʣ
£ǰԲϡ
ʣＸˣ
£ҡ
ʣţУ㵱һ֮

 82 

Ĭ֮, ԺӲ侲, Ŷͷһ, üͷ, ҶԹ˽ʵڲ࣬һλԼĵģɴʮֻӹ, Ҳû˵ЩҪһġ
ʬ, ϼʵͷ
Ժвؿһ, ֪ͦࡪ
˵һ룬ҲΪʲôôڹ飬ګګס˿ڣεתƻ, ̫ǱҰ, ҪʲôصϢ취㡣
, ʵ, ˡ
Ժмޱģ, ͻرһл, ˶е, Ͱ͵ŶһʶûһôˣСӻس
ھͻȥվ, ʹ۾ԺһۣһֱмӣΨһ֪ҽ
ԺһŲӲ֪ԼʱǲӦõͷҲ֪ͻȻ仰Ǹʲô˼
ʶԺУƵĿڶԷͣƬ̲ƿ֪˲ˣܺܿҲ֪
֪ʲôԺãȻʡ
ûشٶȵһлת뿪
Ժγѵ׷ȥСӣɫˣһյ·ɣ
áͷҲûأǵ뿪ԺеļңӰܿʧҹɫС
ȥ赹ϾõðͷԺУļҵĹӣű黹ˡ
ҲϵóԺص̾˿ųصĲصֻһһжƵһ߰ʱͷ۲ѡ
ôˣ˻ȲţԺеһµģѹѵҪˣ
ʲô£Ժһ˵˵ҪǱԲ˶ߣ
˵ˡ
Ժһʱû˼üһӣջǾŸղʵȥ
ջ̫ҽԺֵʱԺмװһ̫ͬе
ͬŰ̾ҲûԺ̫ҽԺֱͷʲôɣֱӱ̫˵ԼҪ˵ܲʲôʵôиŸɴ̫ࣿǸ֣˵̫ϳ˿Ī룬˵Ǽơҽҽ
ԺһѾģѵӭͬż䣬źص̫ͻȻ룬Ҳ˵ǲ֢Ԥףÿʲôط
ͬŵͷˣصǰˡֻôһСţ
˵ţԺʾһλãָ͵ڲλá
ͬźͷੲݣԺжûȥ֪ԼôźͬŸ뿪ġ 
̫ɺˣ˵̫ûֹƣԺԼ̫š
˵ǹƳ棬ΪʲôͻȻôࣿ
Ժ֪ġ¡ʡرԨ̫󣬾Ѿˡ
ԺҸڸʵ˳㿴ǲҲһˡ
ԺУҽͯ첽ܵſڻȥ
Ժʱһ£ȻʲôҲûĪ
ʶԼñӣɤӲŵȥ
ǰǸͷԺڸѦʱͺܲԾһһѦĸ첲ƳÿÿʶԾͷɿؽջһʱöࡣ
ѦûзʲôԾĵطԺ˿صᣬǿȥ˿һ»ǲҪڲΪá
ѦÿɷһԺǰƣӡ
Ժп۳ľУ²ͷװʲô
Ѧ˵Ҳֻõлʹ͡
ǸģѦ֢ɳƣȥһ˳Ǹµġ
ԺлȻͽ͵ͨˡ
ǰһ֮󣬵ڶԺеԴиˡ
ʵʹͣͿų
ôҲʮȥԵ۳谮ǣ
ʺϣѦ˰֣ȥɡ
ԺҲ֪ԼһҽôͳȵʺѡΥֻõͷǣֽ˴̫รֵľУȥˡ
ӻ߯ᣬͷĶֵǮ
Ժбűߣһ鷸ֹ߰һٽյ˱¿ЩؼȥҲǼ¶
ֻһ˳ܻʱ䣿
Ժûǰʱô룬ȵ֮ӭײлʱҭ
ԡ
µʹͣлܸȤصֻһӣ֪зŵʲô𣿡
ʵºͣһÿ͵ѯѽԸԸȥгԷ
ǿл˼ͬŵԺ֪˶ڣıһҲŲ˵ġ
ԺбɴؽԼƲ˹ϵҲ֪û˵
лıЩźû뵽ôأȴˡ
ԺʶذѺԼһ¡
ȻлĿӣܶʱֱͨһģһж磬ǸϹӣԺб̲סһ¡
л治һ£ҪǲСİѻʵסҪ͵Ķˤǿһ¡
ֻǸĺӣԺݵܷͷġ
лŶһ·ѾʲôƵģǺЦˣʱ˵ء
ԺУô
ȻҲֻѣرԨڱһƭò֪
ұ㲻ʱˡлǫ͵ó·Ͷ˱·ˣҵɡ
Ժƽƴһ£컳ﴧ֮ԥͷӦǾͶлˡ
ܿ˱˻ͳˣԺжѦǶСЬ
ɴҴӵԳԼҪȥ
·ʱԺָһ㣬ԼȻͽ̯ļҲأÿζǹڵģշǵһعȥ
Ժв֪ЩһĹԱǷ׷ȥʱʲôֻ֪Լܶ࿴£һĽʹ
ʹŮ鰮ûϵеʹʧ֪ѡĸо
رԨͷˣſ϶ʹԺжԼֹ˵ţͷԥظһ¹ؾطϵľС
ô˵͵ĳ嶯һЩġ
Ͼʵ۳ȴֻôòĺӣԺһֱֻ׾
һ֮ôһЩˡͲֵĶأ
Ժеıĥָȴںӱ϶ûʹƿ
ˣˡҵĳѵ
һβ͵Ժлع˿Ͻź˳лˣԼȥУعſڵӰɡ
سԺеͷؼԦͷת
ԺǰǰԺţ֪ôǽš
ӦŵʣԺУһüëԺôˡ
ͶǸˡԺнӳû꣬Ѿֽߴ򿪿ˡ
з֮̧ۣƳԺУⲻԺиеĶ
Ժӣû˵ȵġ˵꣬ͱ۵Цŵһ飬ʶͷʲô
ûԺпתźȥ˹µ֡
ſڵԺֻܴҡεķ϶俴̶ںеһ֧ĵӡ                        
лҪ˵Ϸ桭³ˣ_(:١)_

 83 

ѣ΢΢Ȼؽӹĺ, ͷһ۱úý߹̶ںϵĺɫѡ
ֻӼͳ˵ӵĴ, رԨĸ˵ӱŪ, ǰǰȻһҲû, 컹ǵһΡ
ӿȱģһҲʲôɵսȥʱ, ܿͷؼĶϺ, ֱܹɽϸϸһ
޵õǺܿ졣ḧƽѺ, Цһ¡
ѦģʱùרŵĹϹġ
һӶ֮ǰǲһѵѦﲻ
ǳѣԺе֪͵, ˹ɷһۣ
ü, ȥǡ
ԺдϲСؽӹоһ, ͷҲûŹ, ʧ̾, ҲϽ, Ȼаء
, ⲻһϡŹֵĵӣԵԦơԦЩеŵһϲͨ
һԭȵĽⷨˡԺпϧؽѽ£ϧϵѵɫ֪ͬܲʹá
˵, ĵؿһԵһۣԼһ⾿ûڹǰ߹·
ûУ㲻ֱ׵˵ӹƵˡ
ҲǸҽ˼ĵصϾǶϵһµס
Ժеɴ۾Ǳˤģѹֱ¹Ĩǵ
⻰˵ʵЩأԺиճھﰵһ
ȻûӦֻǵͷʹҪ˵Ӳ鿴Ժ䣬ǺЦһ¡
Ժл̫ף֪ȻѦĵͷǸˡ
ѦҲֲʲôԺȡ
ȣԺЩεرȥصһºûи˹ʱ䣬ӹƵŴѡղ˵ҽһҲ˵
Ծ⻰˵úΣһ˵ͱ¿һۣ֪ôľһ뷨Ƶġ
ˣ㻹ô˵ѣԺҲΪ㡣µ
Ժٺ»ࡣԺʶӵ
⻰˵֮Ժвź֪ػζ»е˼Ϣɴ۾£㡢㡪
һҽѵڶ֮󸽵ϣЦϽйҲ顣
ǡԺе촽
ԭκˣºرԨ֪ˣҲǣڡҲ㡣µ㾡ľҽꡢ飬ǰûüһл
Ժۿһɬ۹ȥͷߺ󣬳λףҲδһһ֪һİŲ𣬿ɺ΢ᣬûȥݼлĻᡣ
ͷҲû˰ݼЦЦԺ˵ɣֲǵһμˡ
ԺĨ۽ʶûеʲô
˼ֻûüڣԺо˹
ѹּѦͻȻ𼱲
ε֪ģԺмʵҲۣҿΪӹƵôҪЮ£
ϵһԺв׹Ϊʲô
ݺģҲǲǱŹˣҧȻ߻һϴƳӹƣһ԰ɡ
ЦЦؿԵʣʱ仹һԣ
ʱ仹ԪõĽʱ仹н¡
㲻㣬úõļƻתֱ£ѶˤˣԭȵĴûʲôˡ
ʵϴϽˣҿǵĳѣҪļɡ
ԺеͷϽˣҲҪѧһš
˵֮ԺֿʼĶһѧôѵߣ˼ϽǹʦڣȥĶҸʦ
ȴüʵſ˺üŸرԨѵѾŪˣ
ʵȻŪˡȻô׽ӽرԨ
ɹȻ̬ȴʵᣬѻҲתò١
һŵļɣо˼죬¾ѧˡ
ÿ֧Ѷûͬѡʽ͵һԡ
ʣ㴵ɡ
ʿƣûѣ̽Եᴵһ£ֻһСȥ
ѷһǡءĶ죬ĵû̫
ԺнŵòУʲô״
ͷʲôоҲûС
ͬʶһۡ
ʽѷ£ϢҲ޸ʱ
ô죡ԺмñԼĴȵѲЧֻұİ취ˣĸѪҪ
𼱣µһܡ
ʵⱾͲǳѡ
ʺ͹¶׶ϽԦʱѵȻͨķʽȫȻͬģЩëȻ
֧޸õĶϵѣʵڹˡ
Ժźͺȥͷǣǵһʼûгѣǳʲôʱ˵ˣ
пܣµһǵһμѡ
Ѧ񣬡˵رԨ
Ѧֳİû֮飬ƭ¡ƭΪѦ˵ȫͼġ
ѦҪǹµԭ¡һװ޸αѶ˵һôҲûС
ֱӺλĴԺо㤵ؿһۡ
ҲرԨ󣬡µֻһʱ벻ôʲô
ԺɻǵȻΪȥ
֧Цˣ֪رԨϻʲôأ
ȻΪõ¡Ժһ⻰˵˳ʱһʹƱͱһתۿȥʱĲϡ
ԺУ˵ɶˣⲻǴҶ֪ܣ
¥˵ϹǮĻҲšʧЦҡͷرԨۣⷬһҽʲôҲԸֶ˵ҪĶһʱ벻Ͼж˵ôҪĶ
ĵλûˣ꾩ȨҲ͹º޹ϵ˵ǹԼҲˡȥһرԨĶӣ벻رԨߵĵڶ
ҪʣʵûҪϻѹ򣬻úͬϵ⸸ƵģǺ
رԨ˳ѣͽ͵ͨˣתƻ⣬Ϊʲôةฮﱻ١
ϸϸĸ˵ѱˤϵʱʲδرԨʧɫ
ԭûж룬ΪǸĻ
ûǸʱ治ɫȥ
񲻾˵ˡԺиŵѻڣӦ
һڲ裬ŵ³ǰǻжģȵȿҪͬҽʲô˵ôʲôֲǽ겻Ͼͻ
ԺֹʼԼǲǿرԨ
ѵϹرԨԵ󣬵Ĳ鰮                        
лҪ˵ԺУҳʹʧȥж

 84 

Ժ뿪֮ǰ, š
ºЦ, , ʲôСܻҪ˵
ǸͿ˳ŵԸ
ʵͷ, ϹϸԳˡ
ŶóԵĶ, µ, ƶҳס
ô˵, ȴȲվתȥˣûƽԺкʽҪ˵ʲô
ԺȻ𾴵죬СӵĳѾǷ켫ˡ
ʣûԺ䲻֪ǰǱĻ, ̫Ĳ
Ժɫһ, ȷʵҲͬһλãֻɫͬ, ֻûȥ
ʴ˼Ƭ, , , պصϢٸҡ
ԺеͷӦ, Ȼ˼ڴˡ
ķֿһۣǰû˵ǱﲻסˡƳԵºҲб״˿ģСÿ귢ʹ֮, ûĲ֮
ҡͷûСеĻʲô
Ժв˼Ƭ̱֢˶ģοҶԹ˽ⲻ࣬ҪСӶע⣬һ˿һĲʣ˵ǹƳġ
׽Ժߣſһ˼
֪µļʧǺ͹Ƴйصġ
ʼҩ֮ʧٶԵرñȴǰˣ¥ֻôЩҩۣԪ¹Ͳˡ
Ͻ˷꾩ȡƣȥһϽȡҩȵ컹Ҫѡ
µٶȣ׼һʱʱµ䲻۹Ķ
⻹һα½ȴûʶһ˲תͷ
𣬡¾벻öܺθڡ
ҹģʵζ̫𡣡
¿һۣҪǶ²ҵ죬ҾҪղźԺֹ˽˵ʲôˡ
ʵͷʢŽϵ룬ҳ
˵գȥȡµĵֱֱȡùĵһڡ
ĽѾ㹻ˡ
ýСһ̰еζһҪµԼĵļơ
֪²ǸӣӾˣʻǿʼġ
˵ȣ֮ġ
ǹˣҳԿɲµ۹ǲҲģ
ûʵͷս¾һ£һص֪Ҳζ𣿡
£Ҳ˼Ƭ⣬ȻЦԷǵôܡ
´治ɫ۹
ﶼϳĹ±סˣ˵
ƫͷһ£ԼŲѡ
»Լһµĳ嶯ڼʱסˣʻһˡ
ʸսס룬ѾתԼܣӰЩæ
վԭأеЦ
ͻȻôƭ
ôţھͰĸˡ
ҹ֮ҩŵǰ
¶ſһ̧ͷ
ʻ׼ʲôӣȴҩȵô࣬ñˡ
ʣǹ¶ʱ򵹺õúܡ
룬ɴصһá
²üʲô
ܸ˵ţӣ̬ȺǴ˽ȡ
̵ضҩ룬һعζˡԺн˵ĴţѵҲƫƫţ
ֱͷҩֿ£ʶû仰ĳлع
ǡ
̧۳¿ȥ۴ŵˮ⣬üͷһ𣬿ƸίСһ档
ȷʵҩԹ˵ίͶˡ
ÿڹºҩһĵοʽղôˣԸƽ£ô֪ⲻģ
رԨôܳ£½šü˵ͷò̫ʹֻҪеӾ֪Ǿܷġ
Ϊ֪ԲŲ˵˵ţֽŤͷҪ۽ĹתԼ֪ҪĺҪһ
Ҫġ²˵־ͱ졣
˿ɷ˵촽ѵˮһ¡
һ˵
Ҫǿġһֱݺ档
ʶ˶٣ͻصȷʵࡣ
ֻǳһζɬýüҪ˵һ¶ȥˡ
Щ˻ҳǡص
ʵתת˹ϣֵ
ʲô͵طӦ̧ȥʵٺҵ۽
ʱҲ˵ֻÿָſܵסʲô
ָ۲µɫãǷƵģס󣬵ͷһǰһϸƯָڡ
Ҳвһĵط˵Һһ
ͣһԼԼĻ
Һͱ˶һ
˿û˵
ϸϸ˼ȷʵʱȶԺܶ˶̡
гɵġ
ΪСڼǵˡ
עŹµ˫ۣ׽סļ滺࣬˸ң˵ѣĺ̫ˡͣһ£ǿұ곤
Ҷ԰Ҳݡ˵
ʼתҪʵˡ
ɲ֪ôģʵĶȻȫûʹϾҲûѲ
˵ǲҲգʴȥ֣ϸôմˮָʹ㣬ûֹô˼ˡ
޿κεжôôѡ¡
ʲŲϸ΢ķֱ
ڹѾʼǸˣʵûҪǿԼηη
˵ΪҲ̫룬ѡ˸ʣκ
Ѿܿơĵ
֪¿϶û£һߵýСģÿһٶҪ۲ķӦŸóء
⣬Թ˵ƺ̫׺ˡ
£ŵⶼƣ㲻ʲô
룬ͷ֪
˾͸һȭľ룬ֻҪ룬һʱ䶼þͿٴ׵¡
ͬʱʶ㣬̵ʾҿ
еЦ
ǣǶݵЦһ¡
Ȼ˽ԼָԹµǲǾûþȴмɵġ
˳ʵĻͷԼס
ֿȥԾȦ
ûôҲֻ֪סôɱֻҪþȡһ
ԴĶȴԽţһСľͻˤƵġ
ҴǰѧһЩʶ˶Լָģһ㶼ʹȴôҲӲ˵İ취ھ
˵ζȴе񣬱ĲõؽӵûЩɣסңѵҷˣ
һ˵꣬ͲԼʵָٿսһ¡                        
лҪ˵СأʣʾǿµĻѧġ

 85 

ɻص, ͬһĵһտʼ, ֪޸֮𣿡
㶼ŵ˱ᡣ
ʳĬŶ˶Ĵָ, ˹µ
ʮƽ, ƽʷⲻˬ
ǲϲ¶ʲôһϵģֻгԳԺȺķȤﶼ̵ҡ
˵ǲǸ֮, Ǹ, 𣿡
͵رʺһ, £ŵ˵ǡ
ųһ룬¾촽Ļ˻ȥ
ʹʱûʲô, ɵʵָ˳Сϸ, ¹ǸɵӣҲ÷Ӧˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô, ˵ָһ·ֻزȥ, ȼϵıҪ顣
һĪ, Ӳס˱򺮲ĳ嶯
֪, 򶨵ص, Ļһ˵Ϻü顣
㵫ٿһ㣬ҾͲ˵ôϸʵ
£
ԼⷽƺȫȻ˵ʣ´ⲻʶ죬Ťͷ͵, һطˡ
û֣˯µʱʱ
շˣ˯ɤһۣ֡
գ۾βָ˹䣬̽
һϢĹû֣¾һᵽʵСϡ
ͲƤһ¶˵޹ʹ
ָ̽Լӿ˲ٵɿ˶Թµ
µɣվȹھߣֻ˸ҴҵıӰ
עֱŹϣŵͷȥԼСָ
·ϸɻָƵġ
Ҳš
ٿսָȭһٻ˳ȥ
ԭİ취ȴȫá
ޱվߣſʱѾǹ¾ͬݡ
ͷͺܸɴſײһ£ʹ˲١
۽ʵ׼ãֻûóȥ
Сװ۽ȥùµţ֪¿϶û˯¡
Ȼź󣬹±һīӦţʲô£
ʾɵǡ
µȻƼĶüңȲѩ̿粻ˡ
ʣάһıӸµؿ£ƽʱ˵Ҫʱ
Ҫ˵ͻղŵľʱر죬ٺĥʱ䡣
һ˵ҳô죡
뵽־ͰѴɵߣһ˳ƹţˡ
žһʱس⡣
ƾֵȻڹ½ȫ֮ǰֹôʵסˡ
СҴıʰοԼ
һκʱ򶼹ؽȥͳ
*
ǰһϵ鵽ڶʱҲûһһıӰתʱµؽĿջء
ʽŵֱߣ䲻Ϊʲôҿ
һڸպĲʱҲҲǡ
ֺãѾ֪ˣֺҲԼô۸ˡ
ʵȻ֪ʣڹֱ£ֲǿ㡣
ĴβС¾̿ķӦ´βŸٽһ
㶼ն࣬ռˣ
ϲôֻ࣬ҵõɣռ𣿡ʷʡ
£ֺһڲ裬ŵȷʵĽҵȨò
ѧŹƽʱƣһֳ°΢΢ƫͷ׼˵˵
ʱǨ˶˶꣬ôסµοȨҲûС
ɱķ롣
Ȼ鰮ۣ¥˵Ҳеûġ°ǱԹصвǺ֤Եɵĺš
ĵ˵Ŀ϶ԺвС˵©ˡ
Ҳѹ֣˵һһʮءԸоȻϲ꣬⻻˭췽ҹ̷
ھУӿˡ
رԨϲ㣬ô˼飿ʣҲԲϲ
޿ܡնشĲ˵ƽܴ裻Ūä˳л۾ƽ¡ҲֻǶıɽһǡ
ϲ㡢ϲ㣬˵ûзֱ𡣡ʵ
üƬ̣˵ȻǸŻмֵ
ֻ⻰
ҲϲңƵصͷ˺Ժһ
ʶŹºðΣͻȻȷʵϲ㡣
ΣҲ
Ҫǲţ´ټʱǿʵȷʵϵõʲôǻر㲻һֱ֪رԨΪʲôҵƭ֣Ϊϲ㣬ͨ־컰췽ҹ̷ķʽҲҪ
˵аۣŲ豭ˣϿѯʣ㿴˭ҵȹ֮
ֻңʵµɶûС
˿Լǵһ׵µˣǵһǰôˡ
±ЦˣҲһġ
ԭ֧Դ΢΢б̷ˣһضŹ£ʲôˣ
ٴеģЦ˰Σŵ̫ӣ֮
˵ֺ˲䣬ϵЦݱ㵭ȥˡ
ʻݷú˵Ļü²ˣ
ˡ¶˶٣ٶȹǵԣ㻹˼С
Ҫ׷飬ȴʱˣʮּٵ
ֻȥ
֧õͷ˿ûʲô¡
ÿᵽļ£ӡ
ʱűţǸģˣлһš
˹𣿡˼еصҼүһ⼱Ҫ͸˹
˵üͰ˴˽ȥ
֪ǹ³лⱧ֮ĵ֮һþ֮⡣
Ҽͼ£ٶȵһݣظһ顣
ţȻ˺ǻͨŵҪ߰գǰͳˣ
ǣҼ͹شүдýСإųġ
ŽҰɡµ
Ҽ̧ۿ˿ԥؽŽǰʣĿûƳ
ָһ²תֽ¡
żܱҳֽ
½ţ㼴ձҪأ
Ҽ㶣Сڳһձ̻תǹ˹﷽ŵĻ峿ȡɺã
Ǽ£ұڴ򿪿ɡµƬ̣ұдûˡ
ʵ벻ѰΪʲô顣
˵Ĺ£Ļ֮󶼲
ȻҪҵǹ£
ҼӦǣòˣл˹
ִ̧һͣŴ۽ź𿪳еֽһĿʮеؽҳֽϵݿˡ
ȷʵʼպ󣬹˼ؽֽƫͷʵҪһŵͨȥˡ                        
лҪ˵ʣҪǲţ´ټرԨʱǿxiuenai

 86 

Ҽǧл뿪, ˵ԼձһȻͨ, ù²ؼų·
˺, ²תֽֽʿˡ
еؽӹ, ɨеݣüŵĴǺܹ졣
ӹ¿е֪ӦǸʫʸ踳Ķ, ǲ䱾Ӧ, ſȴǲǿˡ
Ϊһ, µ㽫ÿ仰ĵһˡ
ٶȷɿӹҪۣȻֽÿ仰ͷһһ仰
ͨշ֪, 
ע⵽ĵȻǷҪ, ô֪ݣʱ, 뿪ˡ
֪¾, ҲֻдǰͬϵΪܵļ, ƽ޹ʾʹͨôԶĵطȥ
Ҫȼʱ֪ˡµ, ֮ǰ, ܵȥһͨʲôܰæġ
թô죿ü
Ȼʲô̫Ĳַǰڹн̿ʱõ¶˶٣ֵ, ңּȷʵġ
ȻҪȥֻõͷʱ䣬һӦùأȥҪʲô
ʰϸֶҲָ֪Ϲµġ
ʸʰһҪ
ݱ¶Ͳ뿪Ƕɧˣ뿪֮ǰҪԼ˵
ȻᵫҲðƽģʹ˹ȷʵһ߲֮ͷ˳ַɿøһеûģԻ·ϻõš
Ƕżֵܣؿ˵ȥһ˶żҡ
ǹ룬Ҳǳлоֵˡ
֪ˣ̾ʵ
ûǣ̾Ϣҹ۳лںܺãȴǰд⣬㲻ȥˡ
һüҲȥɣ֪ô˵˻˵
лһǹºЦ
ǵȻлˣúԥ̫ˣڶ̫ҼһͰѵµܸҴˡ
˵ǽҲ֡¶£ȥһ˵Ҳԡ
ռҺҵ궼Ͷ£ҹϵһֱ൱ֵֶŮôġ
ʲôʱߣ᲻õصһߣҲҪþüˣ
ƫͷʣʲôʱ
硣
𻰵ͷҲ̧һӣվýۼؿ澹Ȼȫ
ҪһţҪȥһ·߹ݣ
꣬תۿһԲմˮĽ֦Ҷʱ뷨͹һ䡣
ȻǱߵĽɫô׼ǲֵġ
ҪǵһͷͱˡݺݵвʣҪȻǰҵķһ·ɵ£
Ҳ»ؾøɴ࣬ʾ͹ˡ
䣬תͷһۣȻȻû̧ͷ϶ȴͣģʱƵŵ˲ˡ
ǰҲ㡣µ
⻰˵ʵ̫𾪣Ŀ˰β⡭ⲻܣ˶֪´ǰ˾ˣ
üëÿɷʶĽģû߻㡣
ɡǿСķرѽ鼱֮¾ȻЩѦǰҺ潻棡ǡң˵ʲôˣ
ЦԷǣȥˣôʲô
̧䲻ؼ˶ԻҲ档
͹ͬʱŤͷ绨Ҳû鶯ҡһ˿һŹظһ飬Ҳ֪
ʻǿܽܡ
һǸŮˣ֪¼ʱżꡣ
رԨǾ䡰մĹ⡱Ѿӹ¿еõĽͣʼûȫǡ
£ԭͬЦ˵ԼŵԼֻСϻһһʱͽϾ·⻰˵Եúܲʡ
£ս
εתʵʵעӣڰֵҴҲû߹˭ӵһμҿʼ֪ô˻İˡ
ˣһҲᶯ˽ռҽӳ⡣
죬鲻Ըص·ҡ
ôŵһһܳζ¸ɴˮȾʤ˵
һʵõֱ̫ˡ
סó
һҲܣǰûˡ
žؽװиϣȻҺʤ㲻ͻش⣿
룬ϿҵԲá
Կһۣ͵ͺһҰ룿
ȥ̫ǵԼԺĻ䣬ƶģֲ̫ȷԼǲʲôʱ˵ʲôģɵĻһʱ֮ر˳Ĭ
ҺرԨȣϲҡһһٵصҺѦȣϲҡ
ˣ漴
ȷʵôζԻҲͽеˣΪʷҪʣŴ
治ֱȽϡ
£ҺʱأҺʱȣ¸ϲ˭
¸ɵһǿֶؿڡ
޿κεذ˰ԼĶǣػȽϣб͸иĺá
ˣе֣֮ô׵ؾµĶԱ
²С
иߵ֣֮ؾǿҪǲѾˣ
⻰ζͺǰǾ䲻̫һˡ
¶һ٣̧ͷ֣
ȦƲߣԾ죬գҲϵ
ңЦʹ¡
ʵ̵ֳһŤͷɴˣصس˸
º͵ȰͻȻͱһ˲ҪţǣܺãҲܺãǶҪǻִΪѵ֮һˡ
˶䣬۲
ǰȻùºͬһˣùûǷݼ䣬Ҳʵ˼û̫෴С
ڲһˡ
ʾ͸ѲſϱһûһطֵóƵġ
ҲͰˣֻҪһ뵽¶ǷޡԼܶûԴͷɬѹòС
Ҫʸˡ                        
лҪ˵Ѿxxjܵļ𣬶׶԰
ʦѽҪˣǶҵĳ

 87 

˺ֵó򵥵ĸߵ, ڳȥ˳ͷ, Цŵ, ٺͱôԱ, ôͺʸˣ
ƲƲ죬û㿪µƣ˳˳Ƕù˳ë, ص, ֲǰøַ
Ťͷ˿, ȻԷһ˲˲ضһֻȻںӶϣ粽˫۾ͶȴһεĳǹҪضס޴ӡ
һ, »̫ࡣ
ɻڡ
ȻתĿ, ˽ľ˵Ҳ
ȷʵ͸ԼصĴҰƵģֻܱߴת, Ҫ׺ݵҧ϶ԷĲӡ
˼, ֻö, ҽ, Ҫ˵, ǾίԼġ
Ҫʲôģ϶Լͻһڱʾܾ
Ծ˼Ѿˣȴ˳ӣͰ͵صǾ˵, ЩǵĬˡ
£
̲סŤͷ˿ʣǲҲŤԼ⻰˼
ȻĿƺ֮ǰ΢ƽһЩ
ͬʶƬ̣̾һ
˵Ļһ˼ʵǴġ
ȷʵЩݡ
ʵԸأѦҲû͹ͷֻڶʱ۲ķӦԼ̬ȡ
Ϊļ˵̫죬ԭ̰ռΪһ֣ĶԴһƣžڱлǲһġ
ǡҲϲʣűʡ
գգۣϿͬʵĶӡ
ʱͷû̧˻ƿĺӡ
Ժһʱֻ紵ʱҶ
Σ²ſҪô˵Ҳԡ
һֶѸõİӴȥ
ʳ˶ʱҡҲţ
ºЦעϲвΨһģһϲܶˣ簢㡣
ԭĹĵģߵƲȥ죬¾ǲֳ
Ҳûʲô¿ɷֵġεðҾͨҿɲó
⵹ʵҧҧ촽ϡ
ǰѾ˹ϣܳշֵϵľٶ١
ǰֻһĹ£ʻ˲١
˽˵ܸ˵ת䡣
һ뵽仯ʴģҪۡ
²̫ˣĵص˵Ըһ֪Ҫ̫Ժ۸ġ
£źЦġ
ĬĬؽĿתʡ
עӣĵؽһֱͣڹϵ߳Ͷȥһ˲
һۣ֪һᡣ
ҧҧ£ʱǶЩ˰ɡ
˶಻жҲۡҡͷ꾩ʱҺҲˣΣյġ
ΣջûУڲΣտɾǰˣ
ȻٰʹֶҪ´һͬУҲûֹ£뿪˳
±һʱźϺ̲Ծ˿٩ʵûô˻
һۡ
ȻϲңҵȻҪ顣˵
˵ĻʧЦǲϲ㣬ͬһסꣿ
ش࣬һʼֻҸӡ
ûЦŵҲ˶ʸҵĳӡ
ֿ˿£ʰһĺӣ˹ȥ
һֱͣڹԣûһ˿һҪ˼Цӯӯ̧ۿ
⵽˵أû
ʵԺһδǳ温ͷӹµ˫ۣ˵û
һ䣿ʡ
ֻҪǵ촽ûǵĶĬġ
ºְżȴʱ䡣
ƺʶ˵ľ̫һͷ
ŸնߵѾƿԺֹ
ҲԺܲˣʵ֡
֪˺Ͳ֮䵽ʲô
Ȼµɻ
ƺΪǣ̧־ȥʵļ
ֻǿȥöͷײ˹µĶͷһ£ڴˣƵġ
ȻֱٶճʱҪ
һµԶſɲ˵߾ߵġ
ЩãȻԼĶͷʱӰԶȥβ֣ĬغһĲˮ
ż˵ЩĻֱ֪ȥѯ̱ˡ
Ҳ֪п϶⡣
ǽɡ
*
ڣ¶òģڶù緹뿪˳
ӳˮ꾩֮ûзܹˬϱ˳ԯҲȣȲشڽֵߡ
Ըϳֱ꾩š
ǰȴ˺ˡ
˹ֳɤӱߺȥ˹ﻹ
ûֹߴӸһɨûмѦӰŵ͵һ
̽ûʲôע⵽⴦ŶԸֵͷʲô£
Ц򰲣˴¡
ĵطҪ·ǵһȺΧ۲ɡ
޷
ۼͶģúͷǰСĵصէůµԶʱ׼ȫۼҴЩ·ϻõŵĶ
ͷȻÿһСĺӣɫֻһ۱֪ʱõϺõĲϣͷĶ϶ˡ
Ƭ̣ڸĵȴҡҡͷˣ׼úܳ㡣
һֱưǰͷޣ»ؾüչ˿
ʲô鷳ĶѺһЩݵĶǰҲõġ±˰ɣǱ׿ڷԸۼģ첻ãۼҲһȥ
ֿͰ͵ģЦһЦ
߸ŷ̵̹ӣѦصѡȣ֪ûԾ˼
󣬷Ųӣµôȥɡ                        
лҪ˵СأһΪϲңֻҪӣ

 88 

ĸǿȹ, ̽ԵȰһ, ûת, ̵㵽Ϊֹ
ǰֻǹʱּû, ڹ»ĸһ
ǵһ·˳硣
µͷᰴһʵļóˡ
Ŀ뿪, һѶͷϵĺ, ûֱӻع, ǵͷ˳ǽҵ˲Ƕˣǰ, ȥĶ, ûҪ
һѦŹµӳһʻûӦֵĻ
˿, ˿
, Ѧſڵ, Ϊȥʽ㡣
վԵرԨҲͬһ, Ե, ȥԭͬһ

뿪꾩ǵĳţͻȻѦû
̽Ӵסߵ, ǰԸǲܡ
ûôĸй٣Ѧ񳤴󣬶ٶԸ˽⡣
ѦϴαֳôڣôȡԼڲԶ¶ó
ͷҲصصڳϡ
һ£˼صϷȫס
ʣ
Լǰոոù֪رԨϲ飬ѦҲһ»ǹЩ˵ˡ
ܵøµʱ䷴Ӧ
ȥͨ·ϵ𣿡ʡ
˵ͼ֪ôߡʶ˶٣ǿ߹ٵ
֪¶йעʵƫƧĽݾһ˵꣬±صݳġ
̻ͷ㲻
µҲ
Ц˵꣬ʲôӦ
ʵͷֻĬƬ̧̱ͷʲôΣ
ͷԴĲҪ̫ã±ϤҲֻԵ㲦һ׹
˭ܲϲԼվһϵĴء
ȷʵôǰͬһõķʽдģּҲȷʵģµһطԡĶ󣬷ҲŲţˡ
˵޶ʹӶĴѹ壬̫ҽԺòײűס
˵ͣһ
֮˵ҲԴżָˡ
֮Ҳûӵˣ޿ɱܺ˵ʱҲֻáȮӡ档
Ҳŵݣκβԡ
ôϵϰߣֻϤ˲ܿó֮ˡ
Ҳȣ
ֺαضһдͷţʧЦ֮ͷдϳġ
αģ˱дµģʴĦһ£ʵ
α죬Ӧоּڣһۿڳ῿ǰͷĵطųǽ⣬ߵ˵ҲôҲû˵·ء
ʳĬƬ̣˲٣Ȼõϡ
²ÿɷӦʣ˸𣿡
һ꣬ͿƫͷƵĳһüë˵Ȼ֪ɵúЦǷֲˣƲ⡣
ԭ򾿾ʲô߰л˿²١
꾩ʱˣ꾩Ҳˡ
ֻ꾩ܹ֮ûͷðȫҲ̫ܰб
ˡµתͷȥ·ҲãһϽ˸ųó
뵽ƶҲûлʲ·˵ĴڣҲûпֹ
ǰ˵ĻϸˡͻȻرԨĽ¶
޻ͷʲô
ܼǵõĶһ飬һ£²üϲҺ
ʣĬƬ̣𣿡
˵ޱ˽ˣƽ͵صֻҲΪҰˡ
ʣһ㶷ȥʱ಻ˣôϲ㣿
ʷˡ
ϵˣҲ˵رԨֵġ
ʳŵص´μ棬Ұ㿳
Ǽµİ̺ۡ
轫ָ£ʾѾǱɱʲôξյľ뱻޿˵ͽȥֵ
ǧһͷ
⵹ˣɱ˵翳ͷµ¥ͬҽͣ˵˲ܵرԨָʹԼ⡣Ƕ˵Ҳ޲𡣡
·ϱҧѪ죬ĵȻû̺ܽõˡ
ЦŵرԨϲĽҪⷬģ˭ұϲ
û˵ʲôεˡ
һ·һ·һûһ˵ʱ䵹úܿ죬ɫӽƻʱѾ˵һվ
վǺıܴΪ֡
ȥͷѯס޼۸Ĺһͷͷֹһλͷ׵졣
˿߰ʮ꣬ŹȣΡΡģϴЦݶʵһͷ
ʶü
˿ΣԣʿžǾò
ǹ۸ϵĲǺĳų⣬ҪԶԷ
˿ĸоܿ챻ǿѹ£ǰֱӶԹµз߰ɡ
Ӧһ˵˱Ȳ¥ݡ
ʸҪʰʱֻͷȥ
Ѿתù֧ѵ߳Զ
ʵǸнľˡ
ܾԼʲôһ·˼ؽ˷ͷҲû̧һֱ¡
ʲôȻķʴʵ˼
̧ͷޱվ¡ֻһ䷿ɨһ۷ڣ侲ص˯ϣҴ̡
վķڵȻ౸ű죬ִһӾͿˡ
ӵֱŵͷһתͷŷֹֹضԼ΢Ϊѡ
ʵͷ˿ӣѯʣϱӲ񣿡
뵽»ΪѵҲˡ
¶˶촽ίͲͬһ䷿ܲ𣿡
ʶȻ̫ȷ˵ľǲǸ˼ˡ
μĿջʵûź߹
ʱһ̵
ʶʱĿںײ£ʹǲʹµǽ֮ܵС
ûԼŮˡҲû˵Ĺ»˼
ڳĬк͹¶˰κʵʣʲôһ
һǡٶֹֺϣظκƹˤصһڣʱֲ֪ϲң
³ôʵڲ̫ǵԼϴξ߾ʲôʱˡ
ϣҲԼý⡪⣬ûסڼվű֣ͷҲ֡
ͳڣôģ뵽ҲҪ˯һҹʱ;
Ҳҹ㴲ȥʱ֤
û¡µ
ھʲôʽһţԭأʮ侲ʵ˵ǰҲ˶⣿Ҳţ
£⵹ûеģȻƽԴ
벻ԾƲֲ㡣

 89 

Ծ˳, ȥ侲һ·ȵҪը˵ͷԡ
ȻûʶԼ˵ʲô
ű˼, öͷſײ, ھƽ١
ԥƬ̻ûٽ, Ǿ۲һȦվһ¥ĸˡ
û˭͸ղһĹо
ң˲֪ʲôʱ뿪ѾվĴˡ
ʸɴȥ, ˳ƹǷʶղŵˡ
ƹ, Ȼ, ȷʵվȻ࣬Ǹ͵ĻǼУ·˾, Ҳ֪ͻصسʲô˼ҲǶԳ, ܴżӵ˰ţҲɡ
ҲǴ꾩ģʡ
˼ҵû, ƹ°, , д, ˵ȵľ֬, 꾩¥ƣ
̽ס
˭֪أƹҡͷô˼ңŮ͸ýؼҰˣôⱼأ
Ѿûмˡ˼ص
ƹһǿ˼, Ҫǻ˾ʮͻ¿ģȥأ
˲˵ңҲ
ƹЦԼĴȣص٩С翴ᣬʮɣҪ̫Զˣ
ǰȷʵǸ˽û֮ͽڡϧ
ƹܴ̽Ϣ̽òʶŲ˻ص˹ڵķ
ֶģԭüŽȥһ²ŷֱ淴סˡ
ʣõλͲ֪Ǵˡ
ʣµڴ
ӦµĽŲſڣźͣٵŴˡ
Ҳһȥؾ˵㻹վʱҾԼԼŵˡ
˵ͷ·סʱµҪûƽʱô࣬ҪԸȻõġ
һ磬ʱȴ˹סһ䷿ˡ
³Էʱӱղŵˣôϻģ
Ҵģĵ˵Щվʮǰʲô֮ĻǸ˼һ
ʶ˶٣ֱ׵ʣڸʱûоò
ɻûʲôôò
ҾáʰһԼĿڣղ˲䲻֪ӺζҲȫ޷͵ųУŴ⿴ܣҵֱ׼
һɱֱȻ׼ˡ
Ҫ˵ĻҾҴǰʶһе񣬡¼һӲˣʳĶȱŴݼ֣ǸѾˣλһͿ¶ܵүүӦá
һأʲŹ
´Ҫٳ֣һģܳԷ𣿡
ûһϷŵʲô飿
ʱͿ̯űһĶֻͷݿ
µһ£ܵҵ·ϵӡ
ʺɸ֣ô໰һûѧ
ѧ˵ģ̷մͷһϪˣСɽʡ˵װףп
ʾſӲ֪Ǹþ̧Ǹüã˭ܵĳӣţ
գգۣһʰԵϺԵ㡣
һҲʱɫֻСԵ㡯
ô˵ӹ¶Ƭ̣Ĭض
¾ӣѵһ֪
ʹԹԳйȥĲˣǵһθ¶Ĺ˿һ㲻ϲԱ˿ӼĲˡ
һ꣬һֱͬһϳԷȴûһǸ˴˼в˳Եġ
ʱ򶼲⡣ޱص
ָһռסһ͵
ǵôǰʲģ
ǰʣ˵֣;ڱĳ֣ǷϹµһμʱ
һסˣҲ֪ʲôʱʼʾͱ仯ˡ
ضԺúȺô˯ãҲᵽ˷㸽ù´߱Ծȥ
ЩǹϲּģЩӦԵĲ֡
Ʃʸղ֮¾ȫȻ֪ûʲô
ſһ򶨵ּ˵ڶӸʣԾٶԵ㡣
ʣٶȺɸֵ鰮Ļʱѧõģ
ͷв˳Էװʱװơ
յڵر磬ʱ컹ǳֻɫȹ·¿ӵʱ򣬴ѾһƬˡ
վϰ¥ߣѯ˹ǷҪˮϴֺʱ˴𰸺ǮЦǺǵ뿪
ϰߺ󣬹ʱ磬˻׼ĥʱ䣬ȴһ걸ľװվһذףо󣬹ɵòС
ҳȥһȦ
ãͷҲ̧ӦǣСһЩ
ʴӱһ򿪴㷭ȥˡ
Ƴֻһţ˾־شӴһԾ򿪵Ĵҳûײһ˿һһü
֮˽֮ݽý֣ҲûʲôԵġ
һĴʱ磬²ò»ǰȥش
ŸֱһֻźˣỺûʲô춯
úõŲ߷Ҫ߱ڣºЦô㻹֪ش
֪ʶ⣬һü
Ȼһ̴wͱ£Ƿ˾档
ŬؽЦ˻ȥȥɡ
û춯
Ѿ뿪ˣ¹ȥ´wû۵ؽͷĲϡ
ΧһʱҲ£ûԽվ
ȥˣȥһرʺ̾ģһʧʱ
̻СȽˮ¥
ʲڣȻȾϴһʲô͵͵
ӵһԣ½ŷϣ㲻ʾһȦҪãɿϴ·
ʱʻû·ĵ˿˴ϣƿȥذ뿿ڴͷղſһҳƬ̾ͳ˽ȥ
ʬһʱͻȻ֨ѽһЩû顣
̤ɫأһ̧۾ͼѾ⿪ͷڴͷ
ͻȻеڡ

 90 

ûʵ, Ѹղű˵Ļ, 곤Īһη, ǹ򶨵ػͷʵ, 滹ã
е䡣ʷذףտܻѩ, ǵöഩ·
Ӧ, µ, ˮǱߡ
ʣ˵ˣˡ
Ϊһǰɱ֣ʵȻܰź¶һ侲ؽ³ȥ, ̾ͻ˺һ
Ȥؿϲɽ¶ˮ, ȴһذ׳̵, 㶼ôصģж䲻ѵ𣿡
ôءɨһ, Ҳܲ, ֻǲ֪ɡ
¶Ըме, ƫͷ۲ʵ塣
˵Ļ, 벻徹ôطԲضġ
רעֱ۲ʷе㲻ڵ촽
¿һֻ˰ΣҼǵôǰ˽Դܱȥڹ, Ҳǲϵġ
˶٣ֲ䡣
Ǹˡڲɸ֮˷ˡ
ʣ
Ӳ⻰⣬ֻܳĬȥϴ
²ڵı˹£ͷȥַһҳװﲢûдһˡ
ò˵Ĺȷʵʷ׳ʣԭеĸĹ¿ҳѸٳУȿһ´ȥҵڶʱһֻѾ²˹
ʶӹлû뿪͵ͷһѵڶҲˡ
ֺ죬½ϳһý˯þ
ŵͷתͷȥʲôȴֱײֱֱԼߣʱһ͡
˶ӰΣȴƳĬ㿴ˣ
ʳĬƬֽ̣һǱַһҳûá
£
⺢˵Ѷʼ򸹸ˡôӰ
һɴűȥʵķҹ˯ˣջҪ𡣡
ʸɴؽһϣȥ̡
ʵֶû塣
*
һչȥ꾩ͨгҲ˰
һҹ֮˾ͬĬƵġ
ùȥΧѲһȦʱѾϴϡ
źʻǴĵ֪򲻴
ʵһƹ¿ԣǸԸȴǲðġ
վ˷վװȥ
뿪ʱһڽ꾩ȥõĻ·شû
ƽʱٶתһȦٻȥһ򿪣ͼ˻ԭǸơ·ԭĹ¡
ãȻ̧ͷʶһۣź֪طԼֳ˸ʲô
Եýʱ䶼ˣ
ʳĬƬ̣ٳȥ
³ϿҵصȿⱾȻϴ
ʣѵһ·жٰ֮ϳȥ
³޷԰εģֻ˵İ졣
һȾ͵ȵ˰ҹʵ̶ʱˣ»Ż
ʱ䣬ǰؽлߣһҳϣ˯ˡ
һûʶ׷ȥʰ·ס
ջҪ·ϿԿ
׵ģץӷδȻһ˯ﶼ⻰ηչˡ
ٿһӣһҾܰڿˣµ
Ѿʱˡ˽һӣ۾ƵӵͷһСϡ
·źŬּͬۻһǰӣҿҲˡ
ʸɴ಻ӦĻ֧ӵͷҪǻҲ顣
£
̧۽ĿӻջءƵϣһʱ丣飬ǰǾ䡰鰮Ļʱѧŵ㡱
ҲȥѧʲôֻٿŮమڵĲʱ²Ծر࿴˼ۡ
ǰһĿʮпȥġ
ôҲѧЩͷ
⻰һУ±뵽˻ϵĲ廭
ʵҲֻͷϵ񫣬вһʵš
ɹ㶾ٿƫͷܿߺʾͲ˿ˡ
һղűԼӳȥǻƺСϳ˼֪֪
Ҳ֪ȷʵǱ鰮顣
ʲ˯ˣýŹ¶棬һҪڵʱͻȻ⴫˸O@졣
ƫͷϢסµֶ˸ơ
²ֻȥʵĶ侲˳Ŀһ⿴ȥ
Ϣվ͵ƣŵķȥ
ԽǿԽϤ
Ͻ˵һԦҹϮʱ﷢졣
µϽ˲ôģϽһ²ų֣Ҳϡ
ٵűߣʰҳͷȷһ۹ŵľ룬־ͽˡ
һСƬĳӣʶƵĻ۳һƬȥ
һбͽ͵ƷתһСƬͳöͬʱĻһ˲㽫մ͵ĹƳȼΧˡ
ֻûĻ꣬Сɵһֻֻ˵ϡ
µӴͷԼֻһʱϲǵʲôӡ
ţʵ͹ϣģѰش
˵ûʲôЧ¹⿴ž;ñҧһһۡ
оӵʱѾƳϾɱָɾ˻½Źϡ
̧ͷûг
ϴϽ˾ڳﴵԦƣУʱǰսվѲ߹һ飬ҲûѵЩӾȻҲָʹ
ʵԶ
Զǻˣ¶ȥڵϵű͸ĳһγ뿴ۣܲڱǸԶѵܴ
üӹȡߣ
ҲǣµͷһֿܡⲢǺǰͬһϽġ
ޱؽ͸ĹƳӽյ֪Ԧ֮ǺԶ򲻻ڷڻŵʱϮ
㣬ҶѾ˯ˡ̾Ϣ˶ӣһ·˼վ˴ȥҲ
ճԻ԰ΣʱڵĵϨˡ
иղôһʣҲˡ
Ȼеͷķչ»˵ҹ˯𣿡
˯ģʵڡ
Ϊŵ˵䣬ɨ˹һۣˮˡ
Ťͷȥڵˮһ˿ûˡ
ҹҲȥˮֻòݲˮϴһ·ʱ̲ס˫ֺһһů֡
ڵ¿ղűӳȥǱϳ˼֪֪
ʵں̫ˣ¿úЦÿ𣿡
ʱиӾŮ֮İ𿴵üԶ̧ͷ˹һۣձͷʪָ࣬ͱǼⶼŶĺɫҼ
˶٣ֿÿ                        
лҪ˵ʦû뵽ҲǹѪѧߡ
ĸ³_(:١)_¡
*ϳ˼֪֪鹹

 91 

ȻʾȻϲֳԹŮĻ, »ƽص, ⻰Ȼ, ˵дҲһζ
˵, ̬ȻͬƽʱһȻɵñӹԼٶȴƽʱ֡
ûԪ¾ˮϴʵЩΪˡ
¶߶µڱһţͼվޱȡů
ʺ顢, ԼҲ׼Ъ, ۵һƬڡ
Ƭ̺, ȴͻȻһأƽů⡣
Ȼ̧ͷһʽһҲӵϡ
ô˯˵ʶسͷ˻ȥ
ʱֱۿ, ˯, ǰ˳ɻ
ʺȷվⶼûпɡĻˣԦ֮˾Ծվ൱Զľ롣
ôЩ˷ŹƳΪʲô, ضһʱӽվ鿴ƻǷЧ
Ц׼̽Ⱥ׽ĸôд
Ҳʶ, ˵һʱչֱ
̱űһת, ˯ˡ
ҹǰͷ, ±ƽ˯һʱ, ǰãһɵůɽ˲˯ˣʲôʱ򴵵ĵƶ֪
ѹʱȴڰҹ
ʱ»ΪѾ, 漴ŷ춼ûһƬ
ʶسͬס˵֣ʣ
ھĵһƬӦ
¼̾ȷʸڷʶõúܣǰ컹ͬ˵˵λִϽʲôλ
ҹһͻȻνй˹
űȥ͵ƣ·ľ뻹СĽײ˲֪ʲôط۵õ˿
źò׽͵Ƶź󣬹¸ûȥԼȱײʲôǾ͵̽Ŵһ顣
һãй򶷵ģ
Էֵ֣֮ǰŴЩɱ˵ߵĵطϸϸҡ
˯ǰжµЩƺЩ
Ȼûй򶷣ˡ
²ĵַ˻شзһذסЩˣвҲЩӿʹùȵĺۼ
ذȻЩ죬»ɨ۾ͽ˻ȥſʵ·
Ҳˡ
ʱӦ׼㡢׷жȥġ
ؿڴʯһأȴʾûȻû˯⣬ɴ͵ſߵȴʻ
˯ǰýζĻʱȴȥЩôҲȥ˼йЩջ
жϣ֪ӦûΣգԼȥ׷˵ģôƫƫͲȫ
õؽžغϣڷ˼ɴ͵Ƶűȥ۲ղŹƳĵط
ǴչĵյýŵĽζ
ſãֱٶȴӴҲû
ʿʱΪһƴһֻֻذףɭѪĿͶڣȴǶڵϵĹ£ʱһͣôˣ
㲻ڣ˯š´ӻƵĵƻתͷһۣЩ˲ǹʦӦ˵ǲĹʦ
Ծ´w滨һؽذú䣬ǡ
¼⶯Ҳ֪壬ȥȻҵʲôˣ
ҹĸˣɱһˡʵϸûгѣóԦơ
̾õõҩۡ
ҲǸղеоЩʱŷЩûȫսĳϻЩֵķĩ
ԣϵĶͣذķת˳޺رջУҸߵǸͬһ˼档
̾˵ڶ㲻˵֪ˡ
ߵߣصǸճ꾩ͷ
ǰǡˡ˼ҡӾͱɡͷˡ
˵Ŀġ˵ţ͵ȡߣСյԼ
ޱʵضڵϵĹ£
յޱ
𣿡ʳһֻ֡
Լһʱëûд󣬴ʵȻͶˣЩ˵ʻ
һֻ͵ƣһֱֻȷס˹¡
ĶСģȴܲ飬ûô
룬ʵظұҲûһ˹ӹչҡ
Ǽǰûչӵʱ򣬹ҲûίԼ
Ǯʹĥ
µЩ곤ʺ֮Ȼ֪ô
û˵ĵվԱߵȹ˫Ȼָ
˺ðΣ²¸оԼ˫ȣҪɿʵ֣ͻȻԣǰȥľ롣
ʵ༸ôһ䶼ֹͣ
ûҪסµԴֹһܣǸɴཫﱧס¾ƶصˡ
ѡûá
Ʋֵش𣬡Сˡ
̧ۿʵı飬ֻһѪ˿ڶҪҺҩġ
һԼˣ
ʳĬΣһҧۡ
ºֺЦʼԼղŷʵƷʱûмҩʼȥ
ҩҪġ˵
²һͿʡҪʲô漴Ӧ˸ӣ̧۵Ƥ
˦ʵȥҩͷһͨ޹ͷһʹȻյվԭؿƶҲƵġ
£Ȼʵ̬Ⱦͺˡ
ǿ˹µĲʿڵڳס˿һ꣬ԼĶûסλá
¸ˣ֪ɨʲôط
ޱҪȲ裬޷ʲôط

˵īͻŲµģʲôط

ҪǮǮʲôط
¾ԼⱲӻûô˵üʵĺһţûҲˡ
˵űӾߣС
ɹ»ûüߵߣʾǰס
ʶͷһô֡ûʹôҲѲˡշ
㲻һҪʲôô֪Ը⣿ʵ                        
лҪ˵Ҹǽģﴫ˵̫ˣžһСʱȻһȥˣ

 92 

¿, ˵ʲôҶԸ⡣
صȥ˯ʱ, ûķ, ֮ǰ, ҿȡ
ȫޱסĹȻҵʲô
վʱƲԣʵ, ϥô£
ԼղŴӺڵϹȥƱײһ, ƺұϥǸλá
ʲ˵, ԸҪˡ
ղײһ£赭дҪҹ¡
ҿʼ֡
ͬƬ̣, Լҩ
ϡ
õǿĴ, ŻߣӶ°벿, ְѿɵĿ, Լȵͷһۡ
ԼΪײ˲, ˿ڿе, ɫ, ϸܼǵİ졣
ɫͰ𪣬ϥϴǳɫȽҲǱĵ̹ļһСͲеøǴĿ֣һü
ԼǾûʲô, ĵظʿһ˿ڣûƤתˡ
ȴȥϸ΢˶˵ǸôƵġ
עŵĹ²Ծػ˻ţͷҲת߬ס˽󣬡𶯡
ϸ˿ڣȷȷʵܺתŵͷҪ࿪
űܾС»벻ķ˵һ߾Щһʹϣʱ˻ȥ
ʾȻ־ֱôĴָఴȥ
ʹűʱ߽Ľ磬һסһְĺɫϡ
½촽ԣٲСľгֻݺݵصһۡ
ʳһüë
漴Ǹܵľʹһʱ¶徿ʰٶȰˣ⻯ôۡ
ϥű߬סĽһ˫£סӣ򴽿ʶ
ʱܱƽø֡
һۼʱ¾;ʺÿٵÿһֶǡáͬСĥ³ӦǼ˳ǸĴ߶ӵܣ޸ŮӶ֮ꡣ
˶˵ʺرԨ߷񣬹ȴǲͬġ
ʺرԨ˵ĸоȫȻͬ㵼ǼϸơֳȴȫȻͬʡ
Ҳ֪ǲǺرԨԹ̫¿ʱȿرԨ˳۶ˡ
ԽǶԱԽ˳ۣ±ʻޣ»ס̧һŵĳ嶯
ȻҲ֪ƾһŹȥζһ¾ˡ
֪˶ãõ¾ԼѾʧȥʹ˶ůû˯ʱ˵˾䡰ˡ
³ƤͷԼϥǣ֮ǰˡ
ջϾͺáʵ˯ɡ
Ͳô˿ϲصĹŶһűӾɣͻطӦԾ㲻ô£
ڵͷ˿ڣü𣬡Ҳø˿϶ȥ׷
Ϊռ鱨ȷ˵꣬˸Ƿ仰ʱͱñƽɢȻô֪ͷڱָʹ
֪ʿ϶̽ĲֻЩûۿûϢһ
˯·ϸ˵ղŷֵ¡
ʴӱＷһš
ǵøԼҩֵ
̧ۿ£ɼŴ˵ڶǷ͵ƵĳȺ⽫۽ӿһˮյø⾧Өԡ
֪²ΪС˶ʾ˻κʶòֵһᣬɡˡһ
ʲԾض˶Ĵָôӹ½ͻǿԲԲĹͷϲ˹ȥ
»Ȼûв˹Ƿ᲻÷ſ
֪˳Ժˣ⻰˵
Ǽɼǣһ˲˲עŹµͬʱͷȥ˿һ¡
ùûʡ㲻ĳ̶ȡ
һʱֹͣϵ͵ƺʶȤֹͣ˻Ļζ
죬ȴôޱȣٿؽس飬һûɹ
ʱùµڶ³ɹؽŲػ˱ű㿴һˡ
վʣ-ʫǸ±Ķȥˣ                        
лҪ˵Сϡ
ʱеˣȷһ룬㷢һ룬һ𷢶٣_(:١)_

 93 

µıӰһ, һҪװ˯ģ
, ԼؽŲ
̻عͷ, ʮ־صһ, ˯ģȻȥһ䷿˵ֻһ䷿һվ, ôվֻһ䷿
ֲûӦԾ, ֻûҵῪڰˡ
㡣ʮֱ׵ص
ְת˻ȥ
Ƭ, ٴϵڶӸʣȻżú׶ˡ
ʹһϱȶŪµķѾ㹻ټȥѹվͲ̫á
ʶȤؼþ, ͷȥѰҩ, ·ֽ˴ˡ
һУҪҩ޷Żȥ, ͻǱߴЩ΢ݵĶ, ̧ۿ˹ȥ
Ծǽ, ҲǸղ
ϸϢ, κ̽Լ˿ϴһ, һʹƵƺߡ
Ȼµḻ́űһ˲
չüתͷҩһűװʲôûзֵȥϴѪ»ºѾԼԼЩ
µĺ೤ο˯ˡ
ߵߵͷһʵֻƼһ߶ԱһСƬƤ, ɻǿ塣
˵һС
γѵػعŤͷʱܾɫȸղʱ˲١
ȥһ˿䵽ϵͷһԣָֻ޵شϱӹȥһȦڶԡ
˶ѣʲô鶼û
˵㡣
ǸҪǳǳĵˣԲܱ׷ɱȴǿػ֪γ˿ԷһһǿԼֶʱ䳤Ҳʱ̡
ֱһⳡսгΪʤߡ
*
ڶ˶ȻǰҪ˲٣ɴվǰ緹һʳװŴˡ
´һֱʱûסû뵽ʳжˡ
ʣ⻹벻ԴӰ֮󣬰ﶼǳԵģͳйصȻܴϵĶˣλͷ굽еʳͰ·ѡ
ǰͷһʶԳƵĵط㣬Ҳܣů͵úܡ
˻ʵĶƾȤ̯ƽҪҿ
ʶ˶٣ûֱӽǽʣǰѧ𣿡
ͳˣ³ֲָ
ͨڣһһڡմ𽥱ϸǷƬĶƨɵģȻרõıӱȱ࣬Թ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ͷ΢֮ľ룬Ž޵ݸСĵ㣬Ҫʱҡ
½õ֣ƵĴһͷһͷ۲һ飬ѧʸԦĶһƨȥ
Ե͵һƫͷܿʧȥ׼ͷЩֱӳ鵽۾ıβʶܻ¡
ôĲŻ˶еĹ»ʹޡ
µǣϢֻԼһû׼λã׼Եڶء
ʿԽͷ߶ȣٴӱ󽫱ӻһ߳ȥ
ĳŵи߶ȵģ鵽ϣٺұ任Ͳǹ޸֮ܿƵסˡ
µһ³Щ鵽ʣŵĵڶžشԼϣͬһŻĶϷȥ
һɿ֮̽յڱ䵽ǰͽסˣıһۡ
ûùˣޣسȡ˻ɫʺ㡣
Ҳò̫ʺϣµؽ˫ֶŵԼϣɫ˵賿ɣӦ֪˺ͷصĸ鱨
޵Ҳ뿪̫ãһͷأûҪݡ
ʲôݣ
һ㲢ϵõʲôղݳҹϮ£ʶ˶٣ƫͷ侲صǣЩ˺ʱ඼ֱһ˺Фˡ
㶡
ʶġФˡʡ                        
лҪ˵ˣͳϷ

 94 

ôһ, ¼̾һ
Բ, µ, ФѾ, ҡФթҲӦֻ̫곤꣬껹ʱҲǳŷòġ
Ȼ̫ôȵһ
һ, Фҽʮ廹, ºʳ꾩ʱǸͷȴôϰʮˡ
˵֮㲻̫ͬʱһֱó, ôҲǸʮˡ
Фҵļˣʵ
ֵͷϸϸƬ̣ļҼǲȫûôֶгϢģó, ҲûФ
Ц
̫, ð׼Ӱϸλ̫ȥѦ֮Ĺϵ, ȻгϢ
ײ, ʱ˶, µ, ͵, Ҽǵá
ѲФҵ游ţⱨ
ЩȻ
ʳĬƬ̣ͻȻ̫롣
ڻФҵ游Ǹʲôɫʶӵ, мܲ룿
ƬûȵʻػɵŤͷһۣϸĥƬȴϢĻȻҲ
±˵ţְסʵ⡣
ʵͷ
ѹû취̫Լҩĳ
ǻͷŸ¶
ɫͬʵǺڵġ
˿ｫԼǰһ뷨Ĩȥ
֮ǰҲ˭˹ƣФֵƵֹ򲻵ңġʵ
Ʋ¿ų˼Ƭ̣صΪʲôأ
ף֪ڹϢ̫ˡ
Ͻ²رԨ֪öһЩҪ鱨ϵĽ붼Ҫüë
ϣʴ𣬡ʱתˡ
ǴǰģһʱӱǶõıǲͬĿˡ
ʾԼܻᱻǸС
˵ФҲҪϻͯꣿ
˵꣬ϸĦ뷨Ҳǲܡ
˵ףж˲׷أ
رйȨȨĿжԵˣͬһҪӳԼӶܸȨ
ʵ˾رࡣ
οƣ㳤󡣡˵
˵⻰ʱĿֱǰ촽ֻµ
ڿǸʮоֹҲһʼΥתгŽ˿űչյŮϢ
ʾԼܵȼٽƣٹʮ꣬ʮʱ»ģ
оǽʱ»һֻͷһͦϲģڹʱʮȫȻͬ
ڹʲôʡ
ºЦôǵã
ȴٶȻʮ϶׷ݲˡ
Щʱ˵ʼǿĲ뵽Ҳ˸ɾ־úܲ١
賿ǰȥ˸ˣٹ͵ͨʱӦòüĿˡһޣڹԼ뷨Ƶıٿ±ʮֹɣĩžһһֵֻ
¿ľĽҴǰҲϰ䡣
۽⻹Ƴϸϵ󣬲ɵñ˳Ĭ
ص˽żҵķ˺Ůңʲʺϰ䡣ЦΪѵض˵ûǷ츳һʧ˺һ󣬻ͷѹӦ¡
ѧˤϹͷ·˭ùǧ֮ȥ£
ʱȵ޺ΨһĻã˶ùš
㵹ǵá
ҼǵãǺĸŮͬ𣬵ҵЦϣ°ڰ֣ҵʱЩУ֪ϰĻҪʦţиǣк䲻ĵҲˣˣ֪ʲô
⿴ѹ˼ĶһͷҲ֪ⷽ츳һˡ
ûʦҽţʽ޷µû˽̹ӤộӽĵһʦͨһʼֻΪžԼƿš
ôһ˵¶Ȼ˽ȷʵԹʵʽֹܡȫȻ·֪ôС
˵Ҳøʡ
һ
˵꣬ͻȻֿ˹һۡ
µ׷ɱԼɱֵʱͻȻҺ󷽣˻һɱ˸ɾӦйµĹ͡
һֱ˵Ҳһֱû
ֱʲͻȻǰֹľ¡
׷ɱҵˣ֪ķ𣿡ʡ
ֻһμʱϤҡͷ
ǼֻɱҵĶͽһֱ׷ɱҵˣʴ۵ȥɽǰ׷ɱҵһȺˡֽɱˡ
Ǵаһѵˣô᲻֪ɽǰʲô¡
ÿɷصͷʲô֮
ϴһĵӡ
ʱûע̫࣬ȷһɾ뿪ˡʱͻȻȲټ£˳ӦԼɽȥһʵ˿ڳ˹µǰ
֮Ҳûзֿ
ԭǵ飬ֱʴӼз˳
ǼЯĵȻǳѣֻʵʱܿ죬ûóĻ
Цݣü˼Ƭ̣ˣϽͷ㡣ϴǸϽ˵ֻҪƳδЧҲܽڳϽ
ǵʥƣһҪȥ
һ۾ܱ˭ϱ˹ƣֿʲ¶ɰ룬֮Ͻ˷֣һ׷ɱǺüꡣ
¶ȴΪİ·ֶսᣬϸϸƷЩ֮С
̾˿ǽȥм鷳鸡ˮˡ
ʲô£
˰㣬֪ε֪ʱոΰ𣿡
һ˿ԤС
·鱨ӣ͢ȻҲУñ㣬ʲôܽµǰУ㵽رԨüϢǰҲˡ
Ȼ֣һǼϽ˽ֹ
ˣô᲻֮ϸϸ¼ڵ
仰˵رԨϽ֮⡢Թ˽ˡüصصôһ硣                        
лҪ˵֣ͬѧס¿ˮز˹ĺòҡ
Ըƽ_(:١)_

 95 

·ϳĲ, »Ǿǰͨٻת
ǲ, ĵλ, ·Ĳ¡
ǱһɱڵĹʦס, ˲δܵκϮƽصִͨ
ڵʵǸˣһ·˾֪ʲôط
ͣͨڵĿջ, ±ֱȥҡ
ǵһͨ, Ҳǵһμլ, ֱС࣬ɵЩɻ
ʲôԣʡ
ҡҡͷͣǺҫ, լӦôС
˵ձ, βиӦţ˺һ, λİɣҪѰҼү
, Щ, ºЦ, ͨĻ, ˵չˡ
֣ͨô鷳λɣȥү
˵ű㽫ȫȻ˹ºڡ
լк, ²ŷⷿ濴Ҫ塪ûκγǰˡ
լû𣿡ʵ
ƽʱɨЩ±⻹һ˽͵үϲ֣ƽյоֻҲ͹ˡ
һתۿ˿ʵı顣
լʲôԾĵطƩܻȷġ
˽Ǵ£ǸȥѰ
ŲǸͨˡʵ
̫ˣ̾Ϣԭʱ˵Ůϥ³лֲͬˡ
ʵ֮ǰĽ㣿
һʼԼǲʲôʱͬ˵֮顣
ӦǼͬ˵µġ
꾩һգҲֻǲͬһ䣬û˵֮֡
ҵİ취֪ʴ˼
Ϊڱ˼У˵֮ʱܵͣ׺ͱŮ˳ף
ƫͷ룬Ҳ֪ҵʱѾ˴ͻĹŮã֮һõ࣬ܿɹǣĽ֮ĸͬ˵ġ
ʳĬƬ̣ڻؾ
һϲԼѰϱѡⲻԲܾ˼
ȻµͷǸ֪˵ˣ׸˼ġԸҲѡ˽ͬҾܻ飬ȻͲگͻ顣
ֻûü֮˼ȷˡ
ûԸԸǸϲĹס
ʻζһ֮Ĺ£ٿʵȴǸţ༰⣬ôûôܾң
ҪǿͿ֮һӦҲ뵽һ취ȴתػؾ
ûС
ûУڻͬסͬһ䷿
ʾп϶ֹ֮ô򵥡
ӣҡͷҵ˰ɡ
ʣ
̲ת嶢ס£ô⣿
ȱȻʮʮǣ˭ҹԸ޸㣬ܱܣʵӣηصѡᱻһһؾҾ;ûҪ
˵֮Ҳһһؾ
ôţ˵ڵȴһ仰ֻǲܾܾҡ
û˵ֻЩȻؿһۡ
شд𰸡ʳ˸ƣˡ
δŲ֪ʲֻεر졣
ҪǾ仰²Ҳ
ֻÿһ䶼ƺԵôиɻ
ͬʳϦദ꣬ιЩ顣
ȻǺرԨһֻȫϸǷˣȴҲеëڹٳˣ̫Ҫѡմͬϰߡ
̶꣬Թ˵̡
ͬ꣬¾뿪ʱҲЩ̰ˡ
ռ£϶ǳԵˣﲻһ
ۿҪˣµȴʼ仰ŵЩҡ
̤ʱĶһġ
˹Ͱǰ˵ҪʱѰңæһ˹£ͷŸұˣԴ꾩ͨҵġ
ȻԤ뵽Ľ»üЦյţһ·ġ
ţصҲ˹дš
˵Ҫң޼Ҳţţһ˰ġû£Ҳͷˡ˵գݽǰ˵
ֱӵݵǾ仰Ȼû˵ϵּҲû˵
ձü˽ҵݺ˹һ·Ͽɻƽ
оաºЦ
ȻؿһԲʣɽЦλСӵĹˡֻȥһ·ϣ˵ԷĻᷢʲô£˹ҪбҵǿԴͨһ
Ҳϲ̫࣬ʱ㹻ȫˡ¾ܾĺ⡣
ʵҲȷʵˣԽʲĵҲԽࡣ
Ҳǿתѯʵ˹αŵʲô룿˭㣿
µͷͦФҲ㲻ʲôˡ
ֻһ£Ϊʹ󣬶ڸ֪ñ
Фü˰Σ뵽һˡ
뽲µͷ
ǰ̰ټ鳼Фǰ볤ϣļ˻֪˹˹Ĵڣйϡ˶٣ֵФ꣬游ױȥø磬ҲûиΪ곤ĳˡ
ǰ²游۶ʱ㱻Ʒˡ
˵в٣ͬͬһ˴ҲͰˣһͬͬСûҪϾɱ
οα͸¶Ϣʵ̫ˣ²òġ
Ф˴ԼѾڰй۲ܾúܾãȷݺߣݷ뿪ѦرԨ½֪˭֮Ϊʱѡɭϵ꾩ǽз
ΩΩФģ³޶µıʼ֪ǰڹͬĲͷдλҲͲȥ
ӴǾ֪ϸڵġ
ܷĵľֻ֣һϮֱô򵥣һ
Ȼ໰ܸ±ҲٴøϢǡ
ǳţŵ·ϣƼһŵֻ֣һ۱ϳдġ
̫Ϥˣһ۱ϵó
ȴʱͻȻʣдģ
Ȼû뵽ű㲻ʻתͷһۣЦӦǣ׳ˡ
¼ʿڵͬʱ֪ʲôҲûֹ
ǹȻһʱϵּһ
ͣס˽Ų˻棿
ޱҿһ
˵Ӳһû˵ֻÿڸҲԭûע⣬ŷȷʵСƣֻϧûŴĿ
ɫʼòÿ˹Կ䣬һ̵ֲֽѧҲѧȥ߳ɣΨһ⡣
˭׷ʡ
üԥƬ̣ſڵл˹ӦѾˡ                        
лҪ˵׼ʱ飬ֻܵȵҴ֮ˡ
ȻѾԤ˶֮ɭһϷӦòԵİɣ

 96 

뿪֮, ´ͨת˼Ȧ, ȻûӰ, ˲ٵʳ
еĺó, еѳԡ
ಽظڹԣԹؽӹÿһСԡ
ǳһںüģܾ, תͷߡ
ȻʴǰʱһԲϷ, ζȻûйôޡ
һԲŽķݿζķζСʳ, ſֹµٳˡ
Թ˵͸ΪҪͣһҵ̵ĽŲǻؿջ, ôߣ
ָ˸, ²תͷߡ
ǲ·ֻʱ, Եȥ·ˡ
ʾڹ, ͽ
û˱Ķµע, һ·Ļܿ, л, ô죿
ô졣µлȷʵóģּҲ֪Һ̫дͷŵİãпҵݣ¡
û˵, ֻһ۾֪ʲô
ﲻͬ⣬Ҳ˽֪֪治֪⻰ʲô˼ЦǴǰңҲ˭εġ
»ٶˣҲỳɵлͷȥ
»ģּ̫˲ֻлһФ˿ԺָܶƣҪҵôһˡٻˮлϣ顣
ʵȻûôлżлûΣ˵ӡϹӣҲԸº͵òչֵµһı
лԹûŮ֮Ѿ㹻ʶƴ֣漰Σʱƴʿ۾գӵ
뵽Ƴ˹һۡ
ù½лзˡ
Ҫ˵лܾǸеڼѣпܺ죬ѡ·
*
·صջ֮ʰȥ
ǰŲ뿪ûãſջ﹤Ĺ˷ţ˵ʡ
ý߶Ϸš
ô֪ŵĿջֱҪʣ
룬˵ʲô𣿡
˵˵ˡش𣬡λǰ°ˡ
ⲻФٶȵıֻǰ²ó˽
ҪǲĻȥߣСʵ
ȥµǿջܲ˹컯ס
ͷϣֻͷֵطɲôߣᱻ۸ġ
治Ǻߣ̫ÿҶ࿴ƻ
ߵܿջŵĵطڶ¥פ⿴Ƭ̣ҵſڵȴһˡ
ʵ̫ˣһɳɱϢſһƣӲǰѿջ̡
ҪȻʮ°һҲ򲻹ġ
ʶǴǰڵĵ־ͳ죬ʹںΧѲ߾䣬ԻʼĹҲȵΣʲôˡ
ʶȥ˵ͺá»ͷԸһȺͬסͺ˵һҲĻš
صͷȥſŵ
һС±˵øҪսһ࣬¿̲סЦЦ־Լʱ򲻸÷ЦϽ򴽽Цȥʱһûˡ
İƯ㣡ʶͺ죬ٷɿסԼҲˡ
ǰߵĹͣһ£Ťͷǵͨ˫գʶԷǺߡ
л佱Һܿġ¶˶٣𣿡
Ȼˣﲻ˼صɴ۾ƯﳤôѵӦǧг𣿡
Ȼ
ǾԼ֮ЩгǱĵλͳˡ
ﳤôƯ˵ôԸһᣬĽصλӢСŶصİɡ
³Ƭ̣һԼҲû뵽⣬Һ𣿡
¶˽ı飬û̻ش𣬶ǶŹ¿ۣԥصﲻ䲻ʵǷҲ֪ô㻶ġ
Щһµֻʵ˻ġ
ŵһǵȻ䣡տջ´ϰﵽӣǶԵĻء
°Űɵұس𣿡
Դ˵ͺ˱ſ࣬ʻһЦ˳ôܣ㿴ͱһЩ𣿡
ĹȻ˵ȫţһԼĪ
˵һ仰ЩûܱסЦݡ
ҿһֱչ㣬һǾСԲô㵽ĵص
£뵽ЩʴǰոһյظˣͻȻеʹ
ʱʧȥ˽ȥȤڰֱ¥ȥˡ
һ䡰չ㡱ڹƲȥʤ
ʹſڵĴӥֺݺ󣬹̲סͳʰɣ
ӥǵһμ£ݣĿİͰ͵شһΣǰյҹ
µͷʣҺǲӳأ
ӥ׼ȷĴʲô̽صǡ
Լã
ӥһ¾֪Լˣзɿת£ɫȹ˹ߴܰһȻ곤һЩ
֪ǴӥոձϹҲкЩ
һԼȻҲ˰ԵĻëһܽ⳶ϣͳʣҪ˵ľǰЩ˵ϢɡҪ˵ȸңת
߹˹Ҳһģӥ̵뿪ǰ¿ͣ۸ʲô۶Ҫù˹Ǹˡ
ԭӥ̫˹һéٿ
Ѧôù
ǻط˵ɣµҸȾƣõһʡ
ӥɴӦǣ˹µĽŲ
ʱʵСӽ˹ﵥڴ˴ǲΪʲôҪҪȥ죿
룬ͦҪġ
ʳΪ죬Էô˵Ҫء                        
лҪ˵׼ʱһжᡣ

 97 

˵ͦҪġ⻰ʱϲЦ, ʮ
ֱĴӥҲ, ֻʲô²ò뿪, Źȥջһˡ
º˼Ƭ, ӥ㿪Сǰڷλ֪ǰȥ, ˲ں֮, ֵ֮俴Щŵ, ֮ͨѵս֮ȥߣֻ²ʣµѵ֮زز
ԭӥΪҪٵɽ, ȴ˹ȥ˸, ֪ûô򵥡
Ӵѵصطֳ˼·ߣ꾩ֲ, Ҳδȫ׷, ֻĵظ˵ĺ, β֮˽ղŻ, ˵˷Ӱòǰת, һ··ͨһǻĲҪٴ֡
±ϸűֽйС˾ƺͲˮ
ӥ⹦ͣ˵Щô˵ܲŵǰĹ¡
ִӥϹ, ¿ʵ̫СЩֻܲͨôʵӥȻӡǸµС
˵ЩѪȵĴɱɱŵ˯þء
С뿪²תӥͳ죬ֻõ𡣡
ӥ˸ͷͲԾֱͦƵļ࿪ͷ֪ٴΡ
ѲɾΪԼĴӥɵֹ
˫ʮָűӵһ˵ĸʦһļһȻèԦ湦򣬵ɱһӴܡڸ٣ҵ֮©֮ĹʦץûУǾǲϽˣ
һ֮󣬴ӥɫʱеץץˣǾʬ塣̱ӣۣһַĩһʱӦͰ
ӥ˶٣Ծί˸ͷĶ
û뵽һαʦôף£֪˴ڡԼǴӺζġ
˾ʲôݣε־ǲ֮ͬǰһȻϽ
ӥ˿ˡ֮ץס²й˵⼸ƽʱֻͷФߣǹཻٻ˵޿еȻвȷһ˿ȷϳϽ
áס
һȻ֤ܵҲʮþЩαʦǴϽФ˲֪ļˡ
֮Фͷ²ϵĹƳ档
ôؽõǣʲôˣ֪ƳϣĿʲô
µá֣ӥоμ٣ڳɹع˵һأظһ
С˾ˮӥĵض˶ӵе㷢˫ȣŵصȴŹµĵڶ⡣
ȴûʣȻԼ˱ƣŽƺƸӥ
ĶȻ˺Ⱦʱȿظϡϰ߲Ƶġ
ӥ㶲ŸϽơ
¾ٱ˵ͨصز뵹Զͳ쳢һ
ӥƴǣѾһںȥֻҲһ
⡰뵹ӥҲ˵˵Ƕܺȵ׳һ£ر
һȥڵľҺ㴼أһҲܣ¶һǰһ
ӥ̳ĳ޵þƣ
ˬĹȴ촽û˵üñӸԼ˱衣
ӥС̽˹ﲻȾƣ
º˿ڲŵȣֻƲ𡣡ѹʲȷʵܶȡ
ⲻǲ
ӥҽ뷨˵ڣεط¾Ʊת˻⣬˹ղ˵⣬ڶǣ
λФ˾˭µФʲôϵ𣿡
Ȼ֪ڶҲô𣬵ʳʱӥһͷ󣬡ʵ˹ˣûФ游ø磬ֵܼʱûˣгһ飬û䲻ͨСôģǿǡ֣ҲֻǸ²ҪЩʱ䡣
ȥرԨ룬֪١
رԨļʵ·ӥ£ࣿ
ԡµͷʾˡһ·رԨģ԰ɣ
ӥӲͷƤӦǡһ·Щﻥ
ǾȥʰɡŲ豭֪ľЩˣʻͬ˵˵бʡ
СȥʲôطˣӥǼֵ飬ҲȥЭ


ⶼʲôʱˣͳ첻𣿡
ӥȷʵǷˣ˵ȥҪ
⼸ֻԶԶţԲע⿿̫һվʾ档ӥֻ͵֮ߣûȮӣõ⿴Ӳȱһɱ⡢ϴ
ӥֹĹ£Ǻͬ³
ȫȥ
ˣ¶ԴӥĳĬ޶ãͳ꾩һſɷ㣿
Ȼ㣬˹Ҫ͸ӥѹ£Ǳػܸˡ
Ȼǡ¹ϵϣ͸Ҵӣ̲л
ӥ
ôһ顣
ӥϽͷ㣬͸˭㡣˹дһ⣬Ҵ
дˣ˹ؽеųֻҪ˵Ҹľͺá
ղ¥Ͽͷʱոдõģֻһ֣ٹ
ӥ˫ֽӹһ˼˹ģ˿ӱޣձܵС
֪ӥΪ˿ɿͷĽ
ӥպţ̲ס˸һֱڶ⣬˹﾿ǴӺδ֪Фҵģ
֪˲٣֪Фң𣿡ʡ
ӥƿԣΪһ뻹Ǻܺ
ֵ꾩ȻܲɲϹϵȻȻر֪ܶˡ
ӥŪ˹ȥĹɨһۣüʻˡ
ӥſһۣüʶŲ˳ȻһҲЦֻŵĲȶǱ
̲סԼĵһ£жԼĻشΪȻ
ôʸΪس죬ѹû
ʺᴩջõߣ俴һ۴ӥŽŵĶ¡
ҪȥÿӣȴʵȾˣ
ûȣǸͳġҲգص
ӥֻͦضǣл˹ֻöʣµСӲźȣ
Ц˹ֱ߿ձôս£ŵвľ£ٴһΣȾû
һôܽкءصҺ˲֪úȣҾͲˡ
ӥ
ۣϾȻֹ編                        
лҪ˵ͻصǸ(ߡ) ۷
˳һᣬʵʵɡˡ

 98 

ӥһʵı, öԷ϶, ϽԲ, һ, ôСҸղζû
Ǵͳȵ㡣̽дľƺŵ˴ӥǰ
ӥпԣֻľӦ, ӲͷƤתʵ, С˵
Žߴӹת, ڵķ޶ãڱֱӺʹӥ˵
ӥûгԷĹҲûкȾƵĹ򣬶ĶҪͿ, ֻй¾ſԱϸʵؽʳ
ʺʹӥͣµʱ, ѾԱ㡢ǵĶԻһȴһ仰Ҳûв
Ƴһ, 㻹ʲôҪ䣿
û, գգ۵, Ѿúȫˡ
ȥʱһ·ߡԭԤķ·ϲնФϹ鶼, ʲôɲģ
ʵ͵ͺһ
вҪ, ֵͳľҲûüȡ
һص棬ӥʱвá¶ˡ
ɵӥ۽ȥʡ׼һзŭȥʱȴʳĬ˿ӡ
ӥ룬Ȼ򣺽֪޿ĸôдġ
ӥڷ, 뵹˸ɾǣ˵ǻȥµ־һԷ
¶Ŵӥͦε뿪Ŀһֱ׷ӿջſ뿪ջ
ʲô״ʡ
Ʋ뵹ôҿһôҲһ룬ӥʱ⡣µ
ں󾢣Ÿպꡣ˵꣬صع۲˹һۡ
ûʲôһȷʵѽ˺
ҲߥޣǰӦûȾƣͬһס֮Ҳûãʱѧѧˡ
ҡ뵹ùɡĮ
һƫͷֽСһƣװû˵ʲô
¸ղźȾʱùıᣬͷڱ׵һξƵг˳ζü
ȷʵĹһء
*
û˹ڵ꾩ǣƺȹȥһʱ΢ءôӿЩ
лѲʱ䴦˹չʱ˳ԵˣǲǸȥرԨˣ
ǡ
ȥлǵ٩صҺıʵǺܼ˵һĻ
磡оĴشԺܽһŴ磬֪ĻΪʮꡣ
лûоƫͷ׼ȷؿоķ򣬡ʲôôˣ
оͣһصص磬²Ҹʲôö
лѾŵīζ
ǣо϶²ҿʱһء˹д
л磬дţȥͨŸҡ
˵д˲䣬лĵһӦѡ
󻻳κһˣлô롣
ƫƫ
ʵۺرԨ˸ȥл㹻ࡢдӥڣûйġ
ѵˣ
лĻоûհ컹磬¡
л뿴одʲôݰˣü֣м£Ҫ顣
оŶһɿչּͬʱʱסˡ
лѡ
оγѣ˼ƵĿеֽֿǰл˿ڿˮŵҲû˵ʲôֻһ·ƺ˸١һʴʣºõġ
˵꣬аԼ»˼Ƕоֽ졣
ûˣле׽͸µ˼ˡ
Ŷˣоֵֵ鵹һµ𣿡
лҡͷ
оԴҲûмּôôǡİ
лһû
ҴСˣдֵءоȻʢ忴ϴû
лƫƫͷʢ塣
ͽӹֽһɨҲ£ȷʵоŷҺүģ£Ҳơ
о㿴һ˻пܿܲܶϴɣ
˶٣ɻʣ˹ôʹô񣿡
лƬ̣תһ·ȥرԨ
оһ㶣첽ȥôˣ˹ô೶˹ϵ
ǸҴţŵݲҪݡл⻹һĿȻ
оһĿȻ
лû̫ͬܵܽ࣬ʢȥ׼Լ͵·뿪
ʻĵطҪһ·̣лָԼϥϲϵöš
ߺΪʲôųˡ
һ¾ǼлԼв²⣬ֵõرԨȷϣƫƫѡ˷ּ˵ַּдš
лиܵܡǳóģּ
һֲ˵츳лֻҪһ˵ٶĥһܡʮؽ˵ıʼģ³νţٳ˭˶Ҫɵ֣лǱܵġ
Ȼǰסܡ
ǰл۾áæʱʹʹ
˼ǣģıʼȥԭӦһһĿľ౾ֵȥһЩεҪ񣬺ùдĹ
ԭ֪֮飬űһشһϢл
лüڳ˼
֪Լ鷳ˣ̫ǣԸǰ档
ϰߣǲὫΪ˵źš
֪˶Żͣ£л³ǰĲ¥
¥пһˣֻСſڵȺ򣬡飬롣ͻȻةฮԶЩ»Ҫŵ
лһͷߡ
رԨµĲҵǸ̸ĺõطлǵȻᳵ·
رԨִ֮ǰлϣѽݶòֻ࣬رԨȫļ©
رԨĽŲؿʱлѾ侲СĲرԨһ裬ҴӦͬվ֪һʲôû뵽ôҪ
Ҫû뵽ȫĹ¶ᶯָдšԼݡ
ȻˣлͲµҲù֪µ
رԨڣл档
ȥͨ·ϱϮȶԤ뵽ģյŶ뿪꾩ǵնΪһȥ
Ǹ߳Ļᣬ˵ˡлЦЦûң֪˭ֻߣ֪Ҫڵǰң
رԨóģּĲֹһĸҲǰòŸոȷݡ
ͬȻʱҪСһСľͳ̤塣л޷̵صѹֵǰӺ̿ݡ
رԨ治ɫ֪ڼʱĹСչ׺󣬲ȥȷݵģգûнȫ㡣
лĶŵЦྪȵˡ
ȻһҲȡ
Ǻ˿رԨʮ˵ڵһ൱ѵˡ
ʱгҺѦ񣬻һˣرԨ˵ҲǸˡͬФ߷ƣֻ̫󣬶Բϡ
ФҲʮ꣬رԨĹмȴѾ۾ˡ
Фû˷˵ļˣʱѾȷϹˡ
ܵıܵĴ𰸡
л˴ۣԿ϶رԨĻֻФұˣֻΪĳԭ޹Ѹ˥ϡ
ǧټҪУ׽ס£رԨ˵漣ļպһֱʮģ
л˿ڲ裬˶۵ФҪϵĲɾԼ                        
лҪ˵׼ʱ

 99 

Ȼȷ̫Ȼ, 㲻ü뿪, ͨסδɡµ, ʱ򼸺, ȥðҲҪǳһȴǴĵġ
˵ţȥǰƺ˻, üˡ
оΣѯڵĸܡ
ú, ʵ, ֪ͳľƹʲôóԵġ
ЦϴϲȾƵˣΪƺúȲϲȾƵġ
ƽǺȾƵС
һƵ˵̫ˣµ, Щްɡ
ʶ, ֱֱģá
¾ЩԾ, , , ˣ
ʳĬԼ, ָչ£ȭ, ָ޳Ŀ
ʲôϽʡ
֧Ȥشʴ˿̵ķӦͷʹ巴Ӧٻ, ͷҲûƽʱˡ
ʳ˼˻϶ص˵ܶ˼
汻Цһʵɿ죬𣿡
գգۣգգۣ˲ֹһĵصۡ
ټ̵ģЦһй¶۸˵Ҳиˡ
촽ͻسҲڹϾһ£òǸ˾Ƶˡ
ֵ㿴ҷӦû
˵ֵ꣬ͷԼģͻȻһ仨Ƶôϡ档
ôˣ¼״ѯʡ
ָе㷢飬ʱش𣬸ʵҲ̫ϲо
ºЦ˵ˡã㴲ȥɡ
һȵģȻҪ߲·Ѱ˼Լɰ᲻
Ҳ¡ʹϾܾ
˵ķϣº˳Ļʣʲô
ʵ鶸Ȼ֣Ҳܸ㡣
Ϊʲô
ü˼Σ˸ǶǵĴ𰸣֮ܲ
Ѿˣ˵ȥ¡
ʵüøˣɫûκɫͬƽʱһһ˫۾Щ⣬˵ûܻסˡ
ѡһ¾
ѡо˰̵վȥ¡
Ҳಽظ°·ͻȻŲһ鸡ˤˣʱܷһ¡
ȻǷסģ½һˤˡ
»ǲĵһ··˴ߣලЬ¡ƿȥ˿
תҪȥ£ȴһߣΣա
£Сء
ĽͣߣſҶš
Ŷһ˻ͻȻڣǿջıӡ
²Եһ֪λʲôڱӵҪ
ҾѾζ˵źܰġ
·Ķһ٣Ťͷȥʵı顣
һΪѺҲûУ⻰Ӧñôֱ̹˵Ƶġ
źú˯ֻܵ
ʵʵȻú˯ƵĽŵʵҵһμ;òˣ׷ɱҵģû㡣
£Ŷɲɽסʱ˵֡
ҵذףûˣһš˵ƽ飬͵ذ׾;ñʲôȫ
һŻһȴʣרϲ
ҪܾƺԵʲôز
Ҳǹˣһμȶ˾ƾԼƽʱ˵ĵ׻һ𵹳ġ
ʾԼ˵ֱͣס
Ҳ֪ǲǵãֻʲô飿
ʵҲȥ꾩ȥҪʶ˶٣ޱص֪ʲôˡҵ꾩֮ǰûǲȫ档
磿
ʿһۣԵƲƲ죬ҹ֪İĽ׷߶֪࣬ôࡣ
ĽЩǰĽ׷ߣһҲûʲô÷͵ģǿˡ
Уܶסصϲ㣬û취
ЦЦ
ڴϷ˸泯µķ˵Ƶʱ
ɵ¸յͷֿ˼ҳٶȿڣʵҲôơ
̧۶˫еɢΪҶһЩǰ飿
ԣֳ̹ʵ˵ȷʵá
²ÿɷ񣬡֪ʼΪʲô㣿
ʵ۾ƺ֣ΪرԨ
ʼǲнɡһӣҽںΪϲлֱ˵ӲԸ񡣡
Ȼһֱôϲ̹ϣȷʵû˵
һ˵ȴм򵥴ֱȡݣϲҡ
£ЦҿҪЦ㡣
û죬ԹԵزţͷڽ棬ô
ֻһ߶˾ͻ˯ţҲû˵ߣ۷һҳֽ
Ҹղţ㡣䲻ص
̧ۿǸʼĻ⡪˵ܸǼ顣
㶼ˣʲô˵
ͣ˰βŽŵҪСģΪͲˡңҲǸһ¡
£ʡ
š
۾˯
ŶһܲӰΣɵ̾Ϣֻǿе
˲֪ãõ²ò»ص͵ʱǶ߲ʧ
Խƻϸʵףĥ¸ղҪһʼֱԡ㡱Ļ
Ҳһܾ                        
лҪ˵ʣġ

 100 

ʾԼȶ˵ڼ϶ʲô顣
źüյʱ, ²һͿʼЦ
Ҫ֪ȻȴǰЦ, Ҳһﲻ˵ҲЦεӡ
쵽ס
ʲôҲû, µ, ó緹ˡ
̬ȿƷܣֻûŸʲôҾǲ㡱ˡ
˰, ˼ȥԼӦҲûʲôð, ʲôȡù, һʱʲֻʱ¼
շҵھࡣ
ۿһƵȥͷģ̲סſЦ˰Ρ
ͨסյĹ, ڼջѰһع, ģǵһ·꾩·ϵİȫ⡣
º԰οԷ˵Լʣбı, , ź׽ĵ̫Ȱˡ
ͨú˼ա˴ӥ˵һ׼, ²źһ뿪ͨǡ
ʱ󷽷, ·һҷ˱㷹Ĺ, Ѿʹӥźõ˻໻ݡһ·ˡ
ʱ㲻ǻ𼱻ǵĸ·ĥŻȥֻǰдӥţȲҲ̫ġ
ӣӵȹ»꾩, ȲһóҪ󶯸ɸ꣬ǰ͸İ
ӥֻӦˣǡ
·Ϻȳ²ֵ飬ǰҲò٣Ҳʮڴӥʱ˼ĵһſŰźң·ϻᾭһطԴĹǣҲܳ
˵أ
¹Ȼû˵Ҫȡ
ʣ⻹˵뿴ֵ鶼۾ˣ뿴ѡ
˼⣬ҪǺȾˣӦʲôȥˡ
е㻳Լƽ鶼ǿмȥʱе˭֪һۣһЦ˳
Լɲ˲Լǲһʱ嶯ǰ·ˡ
ʲ˰ߣ룬㵹˵ʲô˵ˡ
ڵȵ˸ǶǵĴ𰸣ȴĬ
ʼ˼Լ˵ʲôʵȡùµز
ˣֲ֧ҿɲԭ˵
ĬŤͷһۣȥһëϵѩժˡ
һѩ٣һ·µ˻ص꾩ǡ
ӥ׼·նȻ·˷һλҪ׺ݣ˫һսʱֻǽФ˱ĸˡ
˲£ʱƲʵǰ꾩Ҷ֮ңӦȥҸطϢ׼
ңʱʺϻ꾩ȥˡȴȻΪϹƳӦ֪Լû̫ʱȥһõˡ
üҪƣҪرԨһ
ԸóͲԵһҲƭСµ߽ҲŸһ¡
Ԫ¶Ҫˣ³ʵҲǸü޵Ĺˡ
ȴ̫궼³ġ
ʲ˿¡
ʵʼҪ½ƵԼð׵˵ڶӣƲƵġ
֪µļԿþ˵ٶʧʵļ̬ȱ㻺
ϸʱ乻ȴʮļ䣬ٵϸһ㹻½ȥ߰˰ˡ
ֻҪϵĹƳȵ
ɹͻȻôһ˵ʶȻǲԼ뷨˳ɵö۲һ
ߣѱرԨĵز»ﷸֹ
رԨ֪²ƻӦò·
˵رԨžԼΨһӹù¸Ĵۣ
֮⣬вȷФˣĴǱڰСʱ׼ܳҧһڵĶߣҲò
ϽǱ߶ǵʥ̬ȻҲǲɵ͵ġ
ʼ¡֮ˡⷬ˵˵ʱ򣬿û뵽һɰܳô
Ҳûһءƴӡ
ʸ뵽½ѾɽһţҰˡ
ˡƴӡʵֻý޷£˫ȡͷѴֲ֮˺ҡ
Ȼù¶̬ƺʲôطıˣϸϸȥʱֲ׽ֻզ¡
ף뵹վԹ˵ʲô
ǧ⡣
*
˻ص꾩ʱ򣬱ѩǵĻʳѾͬ뿪ʱһвͬķòˡ
ڳſʱȻּ˴˹ȺĶĸ֡
ˡֹ˳˸񣬵ͷòסˣҴɨԺӣ˷ѹ򡣡
ۣȻζĸԼĪʮĹŮǱϴˡ
꾩ѩ¶ˣʡ
ߺµ񣬡̵ԺлѩһߺֻǰڣԺӱҲû˸ڣи˴ɨ
ͷͬУȥɡ
СǱ˷̹˵ģȻЩ
¶ϲɫӦ˹ºʺͷ
ֻһ۾֪Щ˼ˣһװ˱Ķ
˳Ѧġ
ҲɨѩͻȻ
㵱Ȼܰô˵е˼½͵ѩôã϶ķ˼Ҳۻ
ۻʣ˭
仰µȻû˵ڣ֪һЧྶͥˡ
Ȼֻǰʵ͵һûٷľ                        
лҪ˵һˣ¸ᣡ

 101 

ò˵ִ˶Ǿϸѡ, һҲĬؽԺԺǽϵĻѩ˸ɾ
ǵ˱ѯʹʱ, 
˃̴඼, οصش, ȻҲѡ˳šῴɫģµҲϰˣŸ¯¿Ůѩ, 㱼úƻص˴ǰڻʹӡ
ͷһл, ±ԼʧЦ
Ҳ, ǴǰվѩһӵĿҲûеġ
ŮǶܿ죬ʸսֱʰãԺ˴롣
ʿ۽ȱ, ȥ
, 䣬Щġ
û˵Ҳû˵, ֱӱˡ
ڹ²Զ, ⷬദ, ɵСع۲һ۹µɫ
Ҵǰϲ, ҵݲˡȴڵ, ڲǴǰҲضô¡
ֱ䲻ĿһڨЦԶǵ£Ըع, һ˵úܡ
û𻰣ѾüĻѩɫʯשβʵǻţҹ̵أ
˵ԭѦø߹ġ˵ûʱ
Ȼֲ֪꾿ôģ֪ǣз̵Ĺ˼³á
Ҫô֮ǰ뿪˻ʹģҪôߡԸڶȥġ
ֲɵӣƾһ֪һ顣
ֱԪ³һĿۿѦԹ¹£ڲµŵĸʵ顣
ֺüնΪ֪ܵͷҪˣƺѦǸŵĺѡŹ
ˣ⼸ȶľƾȫԸáãԼһöѦǰʧȥˡ
ʲôüʸֵҲƽϣȴƽϵúܡ
ֻпָѦˡ
ִҲǲҲǣ˰ֻί漣ˣ¾ûٷһء
ԭһѪصҶ˵ˣ㲻Ҫԭ¡
ƿԡ
ΪµĲ⣬ŻѦһħ
治Ļһ̫ܹ˵ó
Ȼǲܰ
ת˼ôش仰ʱŮȴ˹ߣһǰ˵ԺãѯǷҪɨڡ
ҲػؾԸְ˰֣ȥͰɡ
ֹӦһֵ»ۼҴЩ
ЩգԭȥµƷڹܣǲñʹ͵ġ
ࡣ
͵ĺöҼҶҪҲΪֻй²Ҫؾܾ
뵽ôյҪĿѾɣ־Լǿܽûٷϻ˸ɴظˡ
Ÿո뿪ֱԶԶƼһϸۣǰʱͬϳĳ򽻻˸ղ񣬲Ŵ֮Ĭ˭Ҳûк˭к
үǸܹܡϳرԨĸͷ
ڳڵرԨһӲܣܹһ͵ŵˡ
ĸƵôҲȥĬؽʻ˳
µԺûóȻȥԺÿרģ˸ɾȥҲûκ谭
ȵ˹رյԺǰĸүˡȥţ
رԨ
лһȥš
ŵµǸֲֻתֻ²ǲ˭֪Ѿص̽
֮ⰲŷ
öʵ˭ѽ
һ̵ʻԯرԨĶͣ
ͷ˼£ңйФҵ͵֡
Ժڶʱû˻Ӧ
ĸ˵Űɣ
ԭͲүٳϱܲܵô桭û˳£벻Ͳ
ĸص˺üĹ򣬻ûͷӦʱЩס
رԨƺĸ꣬ƫͷһ£˸ĵȴĶ
ĸ̣ةſڹȻӦģȫ꾩Ҳôһλˡ
ʵ۶ô
ĸߺ˼ţֵȴ˱ȸղŸʱ䣬ٴ˹µ
Фһţʡ
ʮ֮رԨ
ĸ䣬ԺڴĽŲ
ײүſڵȵͷѩҲ̫Щ
رԨȴȻʱţҲùΪѡ
ˮݣҲôԼķУĹȻûҪˡ
رԨıͲܺ͹³һԾ¡ͷϡ
˵Ĳ⡣
㲻ʧõʧáʹûõ֮رԨԼԼǱˡ
Ѧ˵˽顣
ڴţߴرԨĸһɨƺ̫ФҲФҵ飬˵Źϡ
¶ȻĸɣرԨżŸȥСĵعţԺһɨƮĴ̡
ѹӦŵǹ¡
ФҵĻ񣿡¿һرԨеĻƶʡ
ǣǣҪȷϡرԨ
ºܲϲǹŪ顢ȴܹŪ˵ʽεü
ĸüϻ𣬸ɴ廰͵Ԫ³һʱүڵµĹײһˣ־ûץˣ˵Ļ񡣡
Ĺﵹͦ֡üҿ
رԨ˵ĽչŹ¿˳ķλǰ
¿һ۱ϳڵһվʱˡ
ȷʵúФңδؾФң̫ˡ
鵽һǰˣʱҲˣȻʮꡣرԨңҲԼ͡
ͣ㻳Ҳ˹ơ
̫ȥ²ⴧĦرԨʲôƾŶ˽۳롣
ƫƫôôˣ۵ͷǶȴй¾÷ǳǳѶ˵˼
Ȼ׷ŵ£õҩǹƣЧ롣رԨ˵
²ÿɷ
Щ׽˵ͬһֹƳʹطᣬФȴѸٱҲ˵ء
ӴôϽˣӦñҸǲרŵĹʦֹƣ󻼱ĵФҹ⿴ô꣬ѵֻ֪˶̶̼ܿ컹ǻ
µĹƻġرԨ
һۣҲرԨ顣
ĸ仰ҪϢˣرԨıȴƽ·ģΪѡǰֻ뽫ʿһǲǰϵˡ
õҿԸֱӵͬҴҵʱĳФˡ
ʱһ˼̫㽫뷨ˣ˭֪ԽԽָФҡ
Ҫ֪رԨеġʮ֮ǡֻ׿ڳϡ˼ˡ
꣬ˡºظϿ͵
رԨ״ȴĬ£½ϵ޺ͻˡ
ζ̧ۣԣ
³ʱΪ½ƣرԨʡ
ʵ侲ֳϿңϧ֪رԨѾĳѵˡ
Цһ£Цˡ
ٵĳѣ㴵Ҳûá
´и˵˼ӻҲûرԨֻվ塣
ұ念ˡָص
رԨ˴ۣǰѾûƵµԣ
ʱδ޲ᣬֻܹһյ費Ĺ򣬵ڳֿ첽߳ʱﻹرԨӰӡ
ղը벻ʺ޵ĥ
ȴ㿴ôϲҡ                        
лҪ˵ʣ㡭ɵ
ʦµһô˵ҵˡ

 102 

ʲôƲʡ
ʱڻмһ, ˵Ļҿ´¸ʽһ, ܽ, Ǽ˾Ф, ʮС˹ƣЧҲͬɿ˼ʮꡣ
̽һ, ҪϵĹơ˶, 뵽˹е̫, Ȼ̫ͷϵܾФֵġ
ӹҵĽҩ̫Ф˵ʲôµ
ʵʮʮ, Ͼ͵ˣ
ôһ, ²̫ʧɫڡ
ԤԹ̫ڣ»ȥŹ̫һΡ
Ļ, ³ŵ, ФѵӹƷ̫, ʱƣ
ᵽƵ, ʳĬվ˻, ֻ
۽ƻʲô³飬ҲܹҪġ
*
¹һ죬Ժˣǵ֪ڻؾһ۵, һҲ໰˵仰ߣһҲӡ
⣬Դ緹˳һֱϵڻûȥŹ˵һĻ
̫˵ֲеظ·ʱ꾩ڵ֣˵żûʲôãǱӦˡ
²᲻صһԴҪ˵
ͷֻڵǰ˵
ûФҺ̫Ĳ²ֻǵôҲ̫أҲҪӡ
ǹû˹ҡüɫһǵҸյʱҺüĿ۵أ»ǲǵãȥ밲־Ȼ˵ûǵ˰ʱʱ;Ǹˣ
Ҳ̫ǵˡЦȻأ
ŵȻʹұߵȱ߳ĵģԵҶӶųɫҡ
˵ͣɵü
һȣڻΪ˸һǺʲô飿
룬ȷʵѾ¡
һʱ䣬ʱ̫ӦոպФӴʼô磿
ˣ֮ңֻֻչü·ģڱǰһ˿ֻģ
ףǸˣ̫ġ
̲ȥҪһֱҵұϹ
ЦǿӲסĶ
㣡ݺݵصʣ㶼͵ͬô죬ҿһҲûмʮˣ
ʵֱۺ͹֮䣬صͬУͬסһ䷿Σ
¶پҪڣѾɴ۾ֿȭؾͳʹ˹ȥ
ֻܵͷһԣװԼͷĴ
ȻʵĶ֣ҲὫ̫ҡ
Ȼųɽң¾ͷһʹ
űžžܻعԳԹŮб𣬵ôܺסͬһ䷿أһ࣡
ʴ̡µ
ҲУ쳣֣˭֪˯ŵʱûв֮ģ
εһѺ⣬ϸ룬Ҫв֮ģĶ֣
ŭʣҶԵ²ԣ
ʱֱۿߵԣͷ˿ö֮һ£ˣô
³̾һ
ŭɶԭض˶ţ뵽Լִ򲻹ʣҧ˰죬ҲҪȥ׹µգҪһ
¿ЦõֹĶˣȥûꡣ
ƫģţͨ졣
Ϊ˱ԼһͬʣֻþһֻҲ˼˼ֹٿûؼˡ
Ŀʱ뿪תת۾Ҫ˵ͼʴ׽ס·ǰ֣ؿסָʱŭʣٵôߣ
һļֱصģ
ɣƿڴ޳ܣ
ʲʹ˹ԡ
һ£ָ̲ľ档
תͷ¿ȥȻһͬ
²ûг֣˵Ѿ㹻аˡ
ó֮ǰԺٶȱ졣
ʣĦŹµָƺûҪȥŵ˼
£գգ۵ȥӦţ
νĶˣںĿûҪ
˭˻صưݷõģѵʧ
˽һٶλ˹ۡм󣡡
ǸִŽƵͷ󺹵ģ
룬ֵȥ
ʲûֻվһ𡣡
ǱƵվ˹µһߣҲһ𡣡
£ǴػƵԺſڣһֻѵؽԺŴˡ
£ֵ̳˼ǵ飬ͬ빬һɣ
ôˣƽص
ҿ˿ˣû˵˼ֻҧѹͻֲˣ̫ҽԺ޲ߡ
üеһӦǾѦװ
컹˵ſڵŹ£պھǲ̫ҽԺ޲ˣ
̫ҽԺβ˵Ĳȥκˣʡ
ֵͷ־壬һֱҪ£ۼʵǱųȥһ۱£ָ¼ܺתѹ
βġµĸӹҽ˽ȥ⣿
Ρ
̫ҽԺ֪أ⵱ȻǸԼ⡣
̫ҽԺŰɣµңȥرԨ²Ҫִ֡
Ӧǣȡ䣬ȴѾŹˡ
һͬĻб⧲Ƶ
Űžһڸǰϣŵһ顣
ŵվ壬ͷѾյĴţң
ǹ˼ǹסģȥš
ֲ亹ԶЩ
춯Ťͷ˸һۣĮ˵ûܹܻȥةฮɡһѦ񲡵أҲ»ȥõͦ

 103 

־ɥֿտյػص, ûܽ´, һ䳰ȷ
˵ԼҲ֪Ȱ˵빬뷨췽ҹ̷, ѦͻȻʶǧȷ, ȻҲǧȷ
ֻǷлŪ״һˡ
ֿЦźѦ޹Ժн˸ҡҡͷ
Ժжʱس̾һ, ߽ߵ, ƭһƭ, ȱ˵
һ۾֮
۾֮ź˻ʵ۵ѡһԺʡ
ó
ֵԺһۣȴҲ֪Ǹûа취İ취, ֻһҧ, Ժйˡ
ҪԺаŴ߹ġһˮ˼ˡ
Ժжٱȸе̡ùΣһ浽Σʱ, , һԴܱסġ
Ѧ֮ǰͻȻ, ̫ҽԺ˾ۼһʱ, Ǹʲô֢ûó, Ϊ˵ġ
Ҫ˻ʵۣԺоԼԴŸΣա
һͷܹܷģô죡
ɤ, һҽȥԺпɫ±ǡ
ҲԺҽƷã⽲ļȴǼûеġ
ͬԺдһ£ڻʵ޹һڳһı첽˽ȥɵѰ˸ܱĽҽʱ˿һӣֻ˺Уξ
ҽһֹҵ˿ʱǲʲôƵתͷλˣһλɡ
ű㲻Ǹò¡
ʵۿžһΣļƣڻʵߵҽپտǵԴĵһˡ
ҽ㿴ңҿ㣬ԺȻҽλͬʹϵģ°ɡ
һһ޳Ժпеޣһѷ˻ʵ޹
ԺУ
ȻⷽЧ˿ֻɪ֮С
쳤ӿҽǵӰʧ򶨵ʱתΪԺУУξ͡
彣ڵſڵĺУξĬصһͷ
קԺоԱϣصҸô˵
Ժ룬ͷСغ͸˽һ
ɫףûڲң
һҩЧԺеָŴϽ˫Ŀ촽ɷ׵Ѧˣ
û˰취ĸֻôŵӹ򵽴ߣսѦǰ
ýˣѦһһźʽ㡱ý᲻ĺ
뵽ԼҪôҪ۾־˫ȶڷ££ȥѰ˳£ͬ˵ˡ
С˵һ䣬ʱѦĺ̾һͬԵԺжһۡ
Ժһƣʾ⸣ּ˵ȥ
´˿̾ڱµ޹ţǲѣۼҲֲΡΡޱȵصٲѣµȲ͸ˡ
ԺÿͲͣѸ֡رԨرԨ
һֵۣ£Ҳ·ϣѾ빬ˡ
˵һ䣬ֽŵضѦȴ˼Ϣʱ䣬ûȵѦʱҡ
һƨȥɥתͷԺУô죿İ취Ҳˣ
Ժȴûḣ֣㵵ضѦİ˰ŵ㡢㿴ǲǿˣ
һ㤣תͷϿȥȻѦ۽ʪһۼû뷢ޣۡ
һ㶣ͻȻϲһˣ˷ܼݣ־ԼͷüɱôͲأ
ԺһʱҲû⣬ظ˵飿
֣¶ˣظ߶ʲô
Ժͷ۵Լĺӣôõóô
ѦͻȻ£һ̫ԼҲûлʺûһǵѦġʱִֵģǼôܲĻţ
쵽ˣһ쵽ˡظ˵飬˵Լղȥةฮʱͷ϶ĵ˵ġ
ܹܣⶼʲôʱˣ㻹Ժз˸ۣǰȦ
ⲻ̫Ҿ˸ôԭֱͬһعȴȻعЩ´̱Ҳ쵽ˡ
⻰βûüأ⺫Уξൽ
ǰ޴롢ǭ¿ĸֺԺͬʱ˫һųȥӭرԨ
棿رԨʡ
ֺϻرԨߣߵǣͻȻεѲһֱšȣų£ƺЩ˵ֻǷԺе˼ԣδ»ѡ
رԨԺжԱ˵ʲô
Ժף̹׵ؽղŵĻرԨ
˵ʱ򣬼ѾٶڵرԨҲڴϻԲѵѦ
Ƭ̣ȥͱ˵䡣
ֵȵľĹǳ֣ͷ롣
رԨȥֺԺб˴˽˸ĵȻô˵ǿ϶аս»ˣ
رԨߵѦ񴲱ߣۣ£ˡ
Ѧ˵ǻԣҲǰĻԣĺƽȣ۾ȻգƤµȴͣجʱģ
˵˵Ҳ˵䡣رԨ½没ˣȻʹ֣Գ˵ȴֻǼֵһᡢʧ¡
ֺԺǰͷرԨ򶨵Ļﻹڷ׷׵ͷεʱͬʱ̧ͷ
ȴ治ĻرԨȻö֮˵˿ڣ
Ӽݱ
ȻϱܵܣλʵۡرԨ治ɫ˵¾ôݱô룬Ӧк
Ŀ֪࣬òǰرԨ֮ʡҪѦҪѦ
ԺеĿȴͣѦϡ
رԨ˵ꡰӦк֮ԺؿѦָǳ鴤Ƶһ£Ҫճȭͷ
ʱ˼ѪƵǰ壬ߴסѦߴرԨ˵˵Щģ
رԨĬƬ̣ŵܹȥ˳ز浽ΪΪأ빬̽ζ˵̬ȡ
رԨһüֱͱѦϣɵøͬܵסԼؿڡ
ҪǣҲˡرԨ֪᲻һ̣
õսľҴһڣֻһرԨ˶ҪԴʱԺһ£
æ̧ͷȥȻڴϻԲнʱѦѾ۾ŭرԨ
ѦѾ˹رԨȴʵ볤֪ʱ˵оǱװ¾أ
Ѧ񱻸ַŰź没Ǽٲʽ㶼ޣʲô𣿡

 104 

Ҳ֪ǲո˵ѦԵ, ϾμѦزĲ԰ģ
ѦѾû˶˵, һڴ, óһȫȻǾʬ, һ˫۾ȻضŹ£лҪ˵
ûѦĿڣȴԼƺѾ֪˵ʲô
վڴǰ, ֱѦر۾ʧȥϢ, ξ
̾Ϣ۾ѹ, 漴ᵽͷƮĵعʱһ񣬽ԵЩ˸еξ׵Ժ
ҽտ˶̫ҽԺʱΪʵ, ǲһ̫ҽԺ㳲֮ȲƩǰǱǾȲˡ
ϸ, Ҳûʲôɲĵģáһ, ȥѦβɣ
űյϴ, ͷºȥԷ
ԺȴѾ, лоֵ, Ա߻, ûնعϸߡ
ʲôӣЦһ߯磬ܲʲô£
첻ʲôӣҲѽ, ˫ҿɻûء
Ӳɨسŵĳ裬εؼС
Ҫǹ˼һԵо֪µݣֱסȥʡ
򲻹򲻹ͷƲ䡣
¶̧ͷлشл硣
»ȻżѾ˶£ǽ糯ȡˣ
ÿ궼˵Ļ́ͷҪڹ磬ʵ۸ҪʹȺǳµĵһӡ
Ϸæһ糯Ӧȡ
ǡлͷʣ˵ոܹˣ
»ߵߣ׵Ϣͨˣ
һ䡰Ρʵûͷûԣлȴᣬ赣ġ
лô˵Ѧûʲô˼ĵȥӹĲˮûֳͺá
ҵǿ֪ҹµԵɡлƬ̣עġ
оڳһʱ·İӣֵô˵ֵֹģ
оһۣĵΪ¡ǰֲ̬̫ܺƽƽ˵Ȼ
ˣ˹о˿յĹ죬²صֺҴ翴ҸҴʱһһΪҴԼԼдء
⵹ˡºЦô񣿡
оͷһģһ˶ҵǴд֣Ҳģ²ôƣ
Цſ˿лı飬һ΢Цģ赭доǰ˻⣬Щ꾩ʱ¡
оأϲؽ¼µ˸ɾֱʴ緹δͣãֻй˹ôĵ˵ô໰
ȴϢͨЩ鶼һ֪ģö룬˵û˵Ϳˡ
оŭĿӣƾʲôߣ
㲻ǻҪĸȥ죿лʡ
оԼճȷʵʱƿԣֻǡ
оһ뿪ųһ׷ʵ»лдˣΪûյ
дš֣ʶһ١
ô֪ʲôʱлţ
ţҵɲյл̾Ϣ׵µ˼ҿųһ亹
ҲųЦЦ֪̫˵ʱʲôͷ
лǻңҲǻȻѵġ
ԭǷֵ̫һţһ㿴˵ų˼£ŤͷȥʣŷĶˣ
ޱؼ˿ƽ⵽ǰţô֪
£ö˶˵Ĵϣһ仰ôء
αװҼ͵ţװ̫Ԯġĵصһ㿴ģĶҲ̫ǵˡ²ڹһ
ȳԷʲÿɷʲôʱˡ
³ۣҲƽ˰ʱ֪ǲ˵ԭ
ʼĻƽͽҧСڣ治ˡ
л϶º͵ЦЦСʱڹҲûô̹ܽ
ˡ
һԺӵĲмЦ
˹ؾ׽Żƽ⣬ĵʲôʱٹʺһξơԼѺˡ
ţӵȻ˵ʲôл
⻰ЭϸһƷȴָѳƵġ
ͷ¿ȥҨ࣬ĲⳡԻ
ʱһʱѹ˵ǳˣٳִ֡ʮ壬¶ˡ
ûζԻ·˹µ룬ʢߵ֪ǸٰҼʲôط
˵лҲû뵽һȻ˵ʡ
ΣͻȻֻһ֮ԵݡóȻȣϣ뿪꾩ǣҲӦþΣЦŰʢŵǰɵӻ꾩ͣһ죬ǰװ͵ǰİѱ
˵оݣ±˵ˣͷ˵ࡣ
ôҲЩǱĬ̳ˣʯ֮뵽Щ֡
лȴŸ͵ʱһּϰ֪߱ɲţعȴȥ׷Ǽͣعϰ߻ˡ
Ը˵仰ʵǹֱ׷ǵùҲ̧ͷһۣлʲôʱµӡ
ȷʵϰߣԵػؾûϵҲš
ͺҲΪ½Ƶӹƣȴ˲ڣлʡ
ԭֻǸۻâһʱȴʲôӹƲرԨ𣿡
ҲСлӹƵˣţ¶㿴
ͣͷ۵طµֹⳡۿžҪҵһ֪Ҿģۡ
¿ڣֻ˻ȥûֻתлô֪ģ
ô֪Ҫлƽ͵˵ҪǣرԨҲ֪

 105 

ǰһûü, ͱл仰ŵ, һĵ, ־ŭ, Ȼʴû˵رԨô֪
Ｖ˼ص, ǰϽ˷, ׷ɱꡣҴЭʱ, һرԨҲ֪·ӡ
ǰ·ϲ뵽飬л˵ҲöôתʵֱҪš
ԭ֪ҰŪˡл, Ц
Ҹ˿й۰, лл˸ȷϡҡͷο֪֪, ʲô𣿡
ˡ
л̾Ϣ
رԨ׷ΨһܾȹµǸˡ
ֻ⻰Թ˵ƺЩ̫ζл¿µı, Ҳ֪㡣
ӱϵĸ, ³˹֮˶֪ںδ
ֻڹ˵껰һʱ, ûһ˳, ԶŸԵͷ
˼رԨʲôĿģл˳˳Ϊ½ơ
ȴǡ
´رԨ˽飬¶òǿżɽ˵ٰʮ鶼ûá
Ƭ̵ĳĬ󣬻Ӳת˻⣬ԡǸٰ̫͵˾ʲôط, ʲôݣ
ʱ˸ַ˹⴦ұҪȥʡ˶٣лȻˣͽɡ
û˵лüңáɴӦ£תµ¸ղ˵ǷţɷҴظ˹ۿֱּ
ƫͷʣüҪֲҰѲ֪ʲôطҳˡ
Լ벻ˡ
ʣȥȡ˱õżл
ʱķ򣬻Ȼ򣬡ǣȷʵǶˡ
˵ֳԼ°еɻ˼ȻǿʼǴǰˣѵҲ
ޱذŽлŰ۵뿪һһ䵽ϡ
ʲôߣƫƫߡһƭرԨôãϵĹûнҲˣرԨۿŶӦ˹һ뵽ǸӣҾ;ûƤҪˡ
˭֪رԨڱҪʲô
ԽԽƲƱ˵ӲǱŹµֱ۲һ磬ȵռ֮һͷ뿪
Ҳ˺󣬳ٶȰعյƽ͡
رԨ֪֣пתͷȥοʵ飬˵ڲŷҲǽ֮֮һѾҾˡ
Ҫ֪һʱ䣬鱨ʽ鷳ǽǰˡ
ֻرԨ֪Ƴһ˵Ҳаࡣ
رԨ񣬽ϵӦֻһ˲飬ֻǰٷûôס
Բ˰ʱ䡣
Ҳšʵ
ϸƬ̣ƺĲţ׼üټ⣬Щο
ӳˡ
иӹͷִһƿͲ֮ͷ˳˳ֻһָһĹҲָֻڹºһµĳ̶ȡ
ɽţ͵ͷһ˿һǣֻҪٶһף
üҪףȥǡ
ޱؿ˹һȷϹ֪ԼĻж󣬲Ŷؽµͷ⿪𣬰ѵɢУʱֹǰĻ⡣
һҹ˯֮ʾϢػһҹ뿪ֱȥةฮ
ةฮĹԼҺԺ֮伸Ҫκε˼һʱܿԺĶĿةฮһ飬ûκˣֳҹɫȻȥ
ڶչһһ赭дͷ֪رԨѳѷʲôطˣ³ҹȥةฮȡ
⻰˵ùէһʱΪֻڸ緹ʲôϸһݺһ̲ûºȥ
ԡʵ
ĸµһƵǰ
侲˿ڶֲؽ̾׽£˶ۣʱʵǣһֱ׼
Ȼʵͷ
Ӽͳ֧ѴĹȡصʱʾѾ׼ȡ߳һա
ةฮĵͼͳ͸ͷԺͷѲߵϰ߸Ǽǵù졣
ҹ֮ǰȥ̽·Ϊ̸ֽܴתΪ䡣
ҪԪ³һ죬ѦȺرԨ˸ʯٲɿʵĿ֪ȡ߳ѣκ˷֮ǰʹ뿪꾩ǵġ
ֻһةฮɭϣѦ·һŵضϵѡ
һʼϢҲΪΪѱ٣ںȷرԨĵ֮ơ
ٽžչ뿪꾩ȥͨ·ФҵҹϮȵȣµʱ䣬ûʱةฮ֡
ⱾҲһ뼱һʱ顣
մлȷرԨ֪Ҳӹֱ֪֮ȥˡ
Ȼûκ֤ݣʾ֪رԨڽ³
ʾһյ֮ǰѴةฮдߡ
֪ãǾةฮԼرԨˡǾҲ;ˣƵĵֱʲôҪ
ةฮ͵ĵĺܴ󡣡µ
Ц͵ֲĶѲΪ׼õرԨƾʲôŲ
û뵽ʼƽϵЦصҪǴΣգǱֿɲʰ
ȥΣûˡʵаա
û㣬Ҳû˵ε˵ֻǸ鲻򵥣Ҫġ
ᡣ򴽣أġ
ϽصĴֻôһ㣬Ժкò׵ҩѾ꣬˵չÿ³ĲŻ״Ÿյ꣬ЩԤС
³Ϊ½ƣҲвԸġ
˵㶼ҹ̽ةฮˣµةฮҲǻһˡ
ʣʹҲȥһΣûܳɹ־صĻʵ޹
ûҪ˵ˡ
糯ƺ˳ˣǱµĲءһ⣬ʱӣΪǲֻ֢
Цô֪װ
֪¶Ѧһɵóֻ֪ûãԴŲѡôˡ
װ˹ģҪһǰǣԷĹ㡣
㲡Ҫˣʲôϵ
ȴüûʵۣӦòֵطͬˣСۣ̫ϲ̨ˣͬլƵġ
ʣ˵ڣǸоԼҲűһȥˣﲻ̫⡣
һȺ˻ŷֶȫڹǰҴڸУɲǸ˺լݺݺĳô                        
лҪ˵Сأұ

 106 

̧ͷһ, רĵĴةฮ׼, ڳ粽, ÿշÿ͵ҲŻﲻ, ֻǰʱΣȴûֹ
ϽˣФңƺԼǰҪҪȡ߹ϹƳһ, һҲûðͷ
Ƚ, ۵ҩһ絽˳, Ҫڵؽ͸¡
ɵ˹µԺſʱſѾ˱صʻȥֱǼſڶǸᡣ
֮£ǧѡּµһ֧, ֱеϲ̨档
۴һͷһͷ, üġü˸֡
Ȼǰ治׵
ؽҵȹ˳մһ¡ְĻ, ֻȽ, δ, ԺҪ꾩Ůҷһȥ, ûöĿС
Ծֻܸͻ, ˭֪㲻硣
ȹںţģ˵ĻⲻҴţĻҪһ͵еģһ˼
Ǳʴ򿪵, ͬǳϣһǲƵͺȥҹ££
Ĺת壬ʱбŵһ֧ҩΣȻҲǸողġ
˭ֽȵǣ
ҲͻЦҿɲҪֳҩ
⻹ȫǻءǰűһСһЩô֣ܳ
˵ţĻ뽫»֧ҩ߻Լģ˭֪²˲ӱܿĶЦôһ仨㻹Ҫã
ҧǲ͵µģҾ֪ô໨ǲ⣡
˵Ҿѡһ֧úõġָԼһֻļӣⲻռء
ɶ񣬽ȥ֣ҲԼֵĻˣ
½ļӷºŽӹҩһֱڻղ˵ô
Ҹҩ£ҵһݡƲһϵñһ硣
űߵƷõģһ֪меĹƷ
仰˵ĹƷֻǴӹġ
ҿɲʧЦתͷʵ㿴Űˡ
Ű첻Ƕ˵˼
ɷнµصͷ˵ǣǽȰŰɡ
һ˵ĲŲ˼²
ڹºôĻķϣûйҩ⣬Źץʱ˼使󣬱㲻ò뿪ȥμӷ˹ǵľۻˡ
ԭȥһģֻȽͷټҷǵһߵļʱƽʱö࣬߳ȥ岽һˣʵ̫鷳Щ
ߡ뵽ջ̫ƽ±㳹Ъݳŵ˼
һһ綼ڴЩѻڳĸɫҩȵʱ֣³ſһۣѾǿտҲ
Ķȥˣʡ
⣿ȴ
ҿûһۣһҲ仨ôˡʧЦŴ˴ʵţ㲻ҪԴס
ûֵĶɹͷʵǻڸŲܴõ
Źָϵһ£ޱ˵úӰȥˣС࣬˭Ҫ˭
⵹ҲãﾡáµͷôҲͲ
رԨѦû͡˵úӻˡ
ͣ
ѦİᵽةฮرԨȥʹſڡӦʾ;졣
£תƻˣúлл
Ӧϼʱ˵
Ҳȥʵ
ȥӦʵͷ︽ˣǵĻ㾡˯Ҿͻˡ
ô˵ģҹ󣬹ڴϷȥһȴû˯š
ȻǿҲǽʴųɳЩ꣬ĳָ뷨ʽڹ¿ҲǼΪ󵨹µġ
ةฮʲôطռͳ˵Ѧ񶼻εĹŽѻȥ⻹رԨķ²ŷġ
ȴǵǹƥո˵Ҫֱ롢ҵرԨصʵʵĳѡ
֪رԨǲѾ֪ʵĴ㣬ˣ
ȥѵòУɴ෭˺صµһةฮķ
꾩ô
˭֪ҹջᷢʲô飿
µĵǣʵȻҲġ
رԨѦ񣬾ͼпҲһơ
ΣرԨѾ֪ӹֹһ˵£ʱҪȡߵģҹ֮Ǹ壬ҲȥһԲС
ةฮѾ۾ܴߵϢԾԺǽ·رԨ鷿ȥ
ةฮ鷿ʵڶ̽ʱŷֵġ
һ鷿رԨƽʱͬ¡֮һС鷿رԨסԺӲԶרŴһЩҪصľͼֽȵȣ˱˵ȥһۣĴڶ֪
ʵһνةฮҲⲻ۵С鷿ƭ˹ȥ
Ŀȷ̽ʱʹȻС鷿ҵ˱еĺɫѡ
û̽ȡߡݾߣǵȵ³ǰҹٶǱ룬ʲôʼδıʡ
ûԤ뵽ǣȷʵ˳ǱةฮҲС鷿УС鷿Ȼǿһˡ
ֹرԨһˣͳرԨĸһԣһһ
װųѵĺӾͷرԨǰиƿʵĽǶܿСء
ʲȥǿֻ䵽С鷿Եݶɣûзһ졣
ͨϸǱС鷿˵ĶԻ
̫УҲ㹻Ǵµ̸ˡ
үһӾ͹ʱˡĸ
һֹ
ҪôǼͳʣһһ׼ˣ
һ
һһ
ⲻϴȥʱǸϽ²˵һ֮ǼҲۣرԨ֣ôҪõǸ취
¾㱸ֻһرԨֻȵǸ˳֡
رԨݶϵʽŷˣգ۵ʱѾʶؽ䰵ס                        
лҪ˵дһ룬£̫ˡ

 107 

û̳, Ҵ󵨵סԼƵϢʱ䡣
ǰ˶ֲĴ, ܽС鷿ʱȷ仰ʱ䡣
淢, ȻдΧ
һϢ, ϢϢ
άԭͣݶϣɫװܼͬΪһ塣
ΧȻղһ, ûκֳ֡
һ, ȴûɿŰ֡
رԨҪôǸ, Ҫôȷʵڵȴ֪Ѿľ롣
ʵĿڳתһȦݷȴʱ
ֻһҵʱʾץסһŵѴߡﳤȥ, رԨ֪˭
ʵǰһֲ²ǶԵ, ܾ͵ҵһڹġ
Ѿ֪𣿡ͷͳֿʵ
׼šرԨһ˳, űҹȥС
ͳֹ˰, ų̾һ, Ҳ, ô, Ǿ˫˫ͬġҵȻǿ㣬ԣԼ㡣
رԨԵһͷ֪
ʵ̫ƽһ֪ԼҪ, ڶݶɵؿüۡ
ѲرԨѼͳҲƭͷתΪҪȥ
ʸ뵽˲Զ
ԭĴѲߵĻԺƺʲô״Ժӷɧ
ˡ
̻ͷ
϶رԨõȵһˡ
Ǳݶϣֻһ˫۾ӥƵĶ֮ķֵעرԨϡ
һ·ҴܵС鷿ſڣͷ󺹵үݲһ˴Ӷǽ룡
ͳȻФˣ
һüëԭ׽ֻФҡ
رԨһʳԱ죬ֻ֧ҪУ뵱ٴεնԡ
ѦФңʡ
Цһӹ˺ˡ
ס𣿡رԨʡ
㿴ңҿ㣬һӲͷƤڣ²õֵ
رԨƬ̣š
˵վһֽǰиǰϣһͷĸȥ
ĸͳӦһǣ󲽴С鷿г
Ȼĸ뿪С鷿һ˲䣬ͻ
ԭֻС鷿ſڵȴŵͻȻжһηǰסĸıһͬ׽õӥƵһС鷿֮Уֱֱץ˱ϵĳӣ
ͻȻرԨ϶һ˿⡣
ԵĸȻͷֵǸʲô
û
ʸżɵľ뽫һûж
Ѹٳ˴С鷿뿪ةฮ·ߡФҰŵϮܳɹ˴ų뿪·߱ضеһ
ֻҪں棬ȸںˡ
˵ʱʱ죬һգ۵ʱǰĻѾߡ
ۿֻôҪʱͳȻһȥ˻
ͳɴ۾ԼҲû뵽Լ¶漴һתͷѾˡ
׷ǻȻǺԥؾҪ׷żͳȥȴرԨסС
ʹرԨĹèеʱѾ㹻ͳܵС鷿󷽡ֽŲõͼӴ﷭ȥˡ
ȴѾܲ׽һϢ翵ذС鷿ĺͷȺš
ǸողϢȥȻرԨȰźõˡ
ͳرԨܴҲһ浹ص¶
뵽ҲΣɫĶñ˳ȷڵʵʵֱͳķȥˡ
û²ļһֻһӿл˹ȥһߵݶһߣĹѾʧĸ
סԼʿһĵѹסĸͿһĻʱ㵵صɴ˫ۣʶԶ󺰵¥ԣ
ѾԽݶɵһü
¥赲е鷳ˡ
¥Եֿɲܱͨȵġ
ֻǵ涯֣ʲΪԼ¥ԣҹֲΪдΪ˾¶ݵش߳ѣͲһˡ
ӹͷͬʱʵĶûС鷿ܱһš£ÿͳѾ˴˳ѡ
˺ӵĺ˺սתͷߡ
ʸǲ˼ؾ͸ȥ¸˳ѵĺۼ
ˣ´ҵڵˡ
ФֻҪôӦ֪Լ̻֮ٱá
׷˺ԺӵľʾѾܿةฮΧԺǽˡ
ںԾԺǽ֮һֱȵһƺ̵ͻأǽͷͣ
һѾµԭ
¥Ըϵˡ
Ȼ˵Ķ˲Ųһ㲻òһԺǽϵȥܿ˴ǰʹһ
ŰԺӵľ룬ʶܲ¥Խϵĺ⡣
һ˲¥ѾԺǽԾ룬Ȼ׷˴ýڽڰ
ź˺¥ԽսĹʶݵһȨס
ةฮĻǳصģӦʱٶȿþˣͷ׷ѾԶةฮⲻԶѾ׽һʮ쳣Ϣ
⵶⽣ӰԲЩϲ̨ɷ֮ҹУһʮѵ˾һ֮Ժ
˵ݼҲǺ֮ˡ
ФҵĵӾȻ󵽾ةฮų͵
ʴһȴûʱϸ˼Ʋˡ
ʯ֮䣬Ѿյľ
ȡһƽʱõ䵶ؼ˺¥Ես֮УȻⳡսƽ⡣
ȷʵƫģж¥Զȥֻˡ
ѡ̫ˡ
˼¥뽫¡
ҪѴߣȻѡ¥ԡ
潫ˣʼ¥ｫѶߣҲܽڹ˦Фҵͷϡ
ʵİ·룬ԭμ穵ĺ˴Ĺ
ȻԮֵʺ޸л֮飬˸϶֮ҲԺǽܣһҲҪͳȥļơ
侲ƴһ¥Ի¥ԵվҪǰʱǷģˡ
¥һ¡
˲Ѿͷ׷ź˶ȥ¥Ժةฮ˦˺ͷ
ֻҪʰٽѴߣ¥˭֪ʽҲֹ
¥ԾܱܲܡĵظֵΡ
˸ˣӴܵòûһʼô죬׷ٵò̫ܿ˶ԷҲФҴ档
ɨһѾӹѺӵФңҲ֪ǲĴ̶һµʱ䲻Фƺۿɼֲ˲١
ϵõǺܿ졣Цһֻһ㲻ٷϻ䵶ǰȥ
Фҵȴ¶һŹֵЦݣֱֽӴȡ˳ѣһȻֱӷŵ˴ߡҪ죡                        
лҪ˵涯֮ɭ𡭡ûǧ桭ϷǸʱڶһһɶҲûɾһ춼ڿץӵйȥˣ

 108 

ûϵФõѺҪȻ, Ǿ͵ش, ͫһ, ̱ǰȥֹĶ
Фߵĺ˷ӦҲܿ, ǲҪֱԼ嵲ФǰһһĴǿֹʵơ
ǿ֮ĩĺѲʵĶֻ֣ô̶̵һϢʱͺ㹻ˡ
Ϊʯһɲ, ФѾ˵ӡ
˵, ˡ족
ȻͬϽʦԦʱĵ, Фһ֮£ȴĬûзκͷ·һ֧Ƶһ㡣
һ˲䣬رԨǲ˸ٳѵͷðˡ
ô, ʵĶȴ˿û, оͽϴ˵ĺõιȥһ߿俴ǰФҡ
ФҽѴǰƿ, һ, Ц, Ȼˡ
ϵѾεϿʲô֮, 족֮ǰ, Ѿµ˺ᷢ顣
üûʱʾʲôȻִФѳȡߡ
˵ФҾʵĶ֣ҲȫȻûз˼ôˡ
ƣФɳƵʰ, һζĹЦҲÿͬͬһһ
ФþȫŽ⻰˵꣬˺ѷεؿ˶һߡҪӺȳһ㡣
һһ˵ʽѾǵڶˡ
Фʲô˼絽ʱҸٱʼͳ
οͷةฮ׷ѾԽԽˡ
½Ѵ߲Ҫ顣
ߣôƬ̵ʱһȻ֣סФҡ
ʱ䷢ΪӦȻûֹΪʱʵ̫ˡ
ͬڶ˽̫˷ʱ䣬ФۿŰӶ϶
ⲻ˹ƣФҸûû
ȻѾ֣ʺԥԺǽһڱﳤȥ
ڰĺӦ֪³ɣ뿪
Ф´ߣٶҲ첻ȥǰæסةฮ׷
ֻФҼվôһ棬Фҵעڹµϣϲܽϳεܸةฮʲôȷ
һв¥Ǹ֮⣬Ѿɡ
صĳгģǸͨĵˡ
ȷԼû׷ʲűܿĿص˹µԺС
̷ֹĵŵġ
ʷԺǽĶʱһ£غ˼Ƭ̲ȥ˹µķš
ˣֱӴƿ
ƫͷȥż£ɫѣȻѾһʱˡ
촽£гѸȡˡ
ֻɨһ۳ѱ׵𣿡
ûС˵꣬ٵƳ˹һ£ֽ˻ȥ
лֱ˵ɲ硣³ŴwЦ
ʳĬΣ³ģŽơ
ҺƼǵ˵ôҽƣʡ
һԲص˵ͷ
ȴǼͳФҸղ˵Ļ
óѽҲһһǺǰϽ˵ǿнʲôһ
Щͷ﷭ţڹǰȴҲʵķ˵ڡ
˵᲻ãҲ᲻á
˿ҪٶȿڣȴͻȻСҹЩˡ
ոչҪҹһмŸ߹µʣ
Ѷ»·ҹ԰ɡµ
˵ţͷĶñƿЦͷ£ڰ
ʲԾԵͷȥӭϹµĶȴ֪Ҫİοô򵥡
ºЦٵôߣȥ
ƲƲˣüȴЩ緢ͷ
Ŀ뿪ϵЦŵ
⿴ֹģ֪ةฮ»˱顣
ʮȫʮռƻһʵأ
Сʻ·һ븡Ԫӳ¯ҲӵĹ
Сһһ̵سŸԪӣȻԵãһʾǰ˵ʲô̬ȣʾе
˴ҹû˯㲻¿ʰûһʵ
һ˿˯⡣
뵽ͳФɲ˵̲סҪü
رԨȻôҪһ¡
ѵرԨʹ۽ƣ
ˣ˸ǷֽûԪʢ˷ʳǵó˯¡
ʿиײײĸԪǣ̧ۿ˿¡
ͨͨճٹʮ꣬ҲȫȻ롣
ûк͹µļʮꣿ
ô࣬ʲô£ˣô˵֮˵
ʴȥ͵Ӧһǡ
еʹҪһǵľٶȥ
ɹһֿۣ۾
ߵĶʻһ˲ľ˴ҹûȫȻ
㵹ҲѧˡЦ
ʣ˭ѧ᣿
ҪȴЦžסճǿֹĻ
ʵӲ°ڳЦݣȴһᡣ
¿ſ̲סЦˣȥԼĶͷײһʣõˣرԨҲûģΣⶼǳɹһ壬һģ
ʳĬ
˵ƲƣҲ˼ʲôʱ˵ҷҪơǲˣֵ
Ҫһһܽأʵʡ
ü
һӦ뵽ǴȥϽ²˵ģ˶εĽƷʱͻȻȻΪĻǼ¡
г֣ҲҪһһʡ
ǡ
ɿϵĴָ˵գ̾Ĵ𰸣Ҳϴξ͸𣿡
Ҳʾǿ
εؿһ̾Ϣüѵˮһ£Ҫ֪Ҳ
˶٣Ȼ̧עв°仰
οΪҶ                        
лҪ˵Сأû
ʦҶܿβͶˡ

 109 

꾩˵, עһ̫ƽҹ
ʱչ, ̫סĹб˵ơ
̫صԺͷ춯, ̫˵, ̴Сű߻̫
û̫ĻӦֻƺִЩ
̫ʵʱȴǰʮ, ֱȻؾ, ۾Žڵ鿴̫
Ÿƿһ, ־;ǰһڡ˾վԼǰƵģʱһJSGDJ
Ͻ˰벽ſԼǰվŵľ̫ˣɵ˿, Сʾ, ̫ʲôҪԸȥˡ
̫˫ãȻԭվƬ̣û˵Ƶļ, ʬһ˹ȥ, ۿžҪͨȥ˼
һ, Ͻǰ, ̫, ҹ¶أȥˡ
̫˫ĿֱƿֵȥŲ鸡ڵϻ϶ëȻ
ǿ򶨵ֻһ, δý̫˵ʲôݡ
Ҫȥ翵صڵҡ
Ӳ㤵ԭشһ飬첽ȥæּ̫ȥ̫ҽԺҽ
Цҹôģ̫ȥ
Ҳʶ㣬ּ̫ģҲǱһǹʱõʤ֮
̫ںǶһģ˭
ֱţżһְ˽ŵȥ̫˭ҲҶ֣һû̫ŪصڣʮۿŵŶǰˡ
һ˼ͷʱ̫ҽԺҽڵˡ
̫ȫȻû˵Ĵڣֻһ˼þȫԽ˵İٰȥǼƿֱЩɱɱ
̫ʱûʲôʮ˶δס
һ̫ڱüֻӲſڲԶһϣ޹֮ͻȻشҳȥ
̫ҽԺΪ׵ԺͷǺĻᶼţֻܲݲݽǰͿ˵С
̫ȣʶؽӻ̫Ҫȥ˭
̫԰һԼҲЩɻҪȥ˭Ƶġ
ܿ췴ӦФҪң
˲֪ͬʱûסһ
Ф˾֪̫購̫ͬϵܣ˭֪ȴ˵ơ
ФҶ˺ü̫꣬ͻȻһʧķ˵ҪȥФңž㹻ˡ
Ժ˰亹̫鼤һλͷס̫һֱۣ
Ա߼㿴ҡҿ㣬ĥĥһˣײסڸ̫ͣ󣬽ֱ۹̶סֽ
Ժͳһн룬ֱһѨλӻڵһ·ȥ
Ȿһ˴ӿ侲İ취ֻǿˣԺҲãۿ̫ģʵ˲Ųò²ߡ
ôҲû뵽һҲûжá
һȥʱ̫ĺƺСһЩɵԺٽڶȥʱ̫ȴͻȻһʹļ
ԺһЩˣֻýּӿ֡
롢롭
ȵʱѾס̫ˡ
һڲСҲ޸֮ŮˣͻȻý˾ޱȡ
Ժ˺ģҲһѨλûһСɵĺԱ߰λá
̫ļȻֹ·ͻȻ˺
˽ŲעУ۾һ˹ȥ
ôһ˲䣬ԺԼĹ;Ҳ̫һ˵ϡ
̫ҽԺԺλã׻й֮ġƩһӦŵ̫̽ıϢСĵطƤµ۾
̫󻹻ţֻƺʹֻ࣬˹ȥ
Ժ˿ٵ̫֮ǰԼǲʲôΣˡ
Ͻ˽̫ȥϣüλͬȥ鿴ԼתסҩͯѹȥԺ빬
ҩͯȻϤɣŵĨ;ͷɿˡ
ԺԼһƬĶͷЦŷԼȻ󱳵·亹͸ˡ
һҹ̫һ¶̫ҽԺ˵ǺѰ
ԺиϵʱǴʱ֮ˡ
һ·Ѿһ²⣬˵̫ֲ鿴ֱϵĽԺеҲǳȥ
ôˣԺԲɫʵʲôԾ
Ժɫѿصˡ
һֱּ̫ۣᶨؽһһذȥˡ
ЩѪ⾭У൱̶Ǽŭ̫ڵĹƳ档
ԺȻһֱģ²̫ϵĹƳܿҲǳɶԵģôҲû뵽һĹƳ澹ȻФϡ
ФҲû̫
ԺнöӵһҩͯŵУص̾һпƲס˸ࡣ
̫ͻ䣬ǲһҲʲô䶯
˼ֵ̫ͷɸةฮһˣࡣ
Ȼ£ȻǲʲôҹرԨͨģԥλӦ
ʹеĽעǸ֮ҹ
*
ʰȻعԭշתߵĹ¾һ˯˴ֻʱҲӽʱ֣ӸǶñֱС
εغ˱ˮϴԺӣ˭֪ԺûʵӰ
ԶԶƼԺǴϵģʵӡ
˼ʾͿŴ˳ˡ
ͷƶز²ڿѣ
û˵ǣҲû˵ǣֽŴϣѵ̫Ѿ緹ĵ㡣
µһ·ķȥԾɫ󡢽Ų̤ʵģŻ׺棬Ц㻹úõģ˵оһ޼һϣҲûԴ
ҪȥҼͳӲ
Ūһһ˵ô֮ǰʵȻóȻѡ
ФǰͼȴҲûзһĻʼ£ųãֻŴһ¿ܲܳͷ֪ӹ˶ٴΡ
ΪѺúòϴһ顣
ФҴĵӣʲŲ޽ٵֱӾֽŴ
ÿÿ³ç뷨ոУͻᱻһǣ˭֪ǲһҲƣ
ʾһ磬û
һһȵ³ģۿžѾһ롣
չȥ¥ԻرԨûڳ԰ġ
¥ӦûҹҲ˵˵ȥ
ʹ˵ʹˡʵ
ҿ治㣬εſڿ㽫ѽﱣˡ
ʣĬΣڼС
ԭҲûͬ⣬̾һ㲻ټ֣Դſһ㰲ص緹
ζŸƮ±Ƽʶһ١תͷ⿴ȥȻʲô
Ҳѭʵ߿ȥƬ̾ͼʧشԺǽֱ˽£Ժ˴˵Ҳˣû£                        
лҪ˵ֿҪӸ_(:١)_

 110 

ʲôҿҲˣ°תȥ, 뿪Ц, ȴѾ
߿ޱ߳ص, ̫ҪûˡԺиղҩͯĴ, ˵̫ϹƳ濴ų⣬鲻ûС
̫󣿡´Ƭ, ʾ߽Щ
Сܵοʱ, Ѿ̫ϴŷʲô顣
˳ʢ, ԹµФҡ
ʻû͹ϾʲôôһҲ˴롣
ϵةฮֵúܡ
ֻǿûǰ˼, Ҳû׷, ֻĵذһñſ˵ƽ
һ侲֮, ˵˼·ͨ͸, , ֪°ȻҾͷˡھͻȥٴ̽̽﾿ʲô, һ֪, ͻߵ£
˵һȹڱ뿪˳ǺģȫȻͬ
ˣ²ŻͷʵФҲˣ
Ҳȥ, һΡʵû죬ΪΪĸԭ˭֪Ҳá
ȷʵ֮ǰ֪ġ
ФȴƵĹú
һ֪رԨסФûС
˵ФҴʱȫԽ̫ԼĳͬرԨ潻ץһȻܻõϵ鱨
ЩǶǵĹʦԼһֱйƳ֮ġ˵Щдһϵܣ֮ҲФйء
ФȴδȥټϹԼھͻվֻ˵ҲȫǿѨ硣
ٵһȰɣЩʱбϢ°뿪Цؾɱٶѵ⡣
ޱصԷ
⻰ɲ˵˵ѣһ磬ضסʵĶûлԼѡ
ֱ콫ʱ򣬻һٷԺдҴҸϵ˳
˫۴źѪ˿˿ƣ۵úһ̾Ҫˤһ㣬ǷŽԺӵġ
˵Ȼô
ԺǸµһϲ˯ȱþ۳ģɲ򵥡
Ժе˱ˮһ꣬ſЦнյġ˵һת̫ԣָ˻ȥֱӽһ䣬Ƴ˽͸Щˡ˵ƳֽвɣϽʥƣа׹֮ЧЩ֮ҲͲ˵ˣȷʵбסһ˿Ч
ס
Щ֮ǰѾ֪ˣԺдҴҸҪ˵ĲֻЩ
Ժֵ˵ڶˮȴźˣǿЦ̫ϲ֪ʲôʱӹƣĸڡ
Фϡµ
Ժб˱ۣһ۳ʹȻ֪˴𰸣ƳͬϵĲһһִƷҲܴﵽƵЧƩФڻݳƲ⣬ֻһЩ벻Ĵ©𣬱硭
ФѾϵðӽײˡ½ȥ
ԺȻһ£𾪵ˣ
ҼףԼ游
˵ͨˡԺеͷٵһ˫۷̧ͷ£Ƴ沢βֻǽﵽһֺƼЧͺ񡭡һӳ˵ĻعⷵգˣһֱģҲܽ͵ͨˣ
ͻȻ̾һ˼ˡ
ԭԽԺȻͣһ£βſЦŵˣǽƣҲһݵġ
ʲô˼˵ٿȻ˶Ի
Ժһ㤣תͷȥվһ˲֪õʡ
Ťȥ̾һѵسڽ͵ǰȾزû뵽ҽεķӡƳסһ˿ǽ˹ƣǹֲֻٶȲˡ
˿ڿˮٶȲ䣬Ҽǵãÿضʱ򣬵ǻ쳣ġҴǰΪֻǹƳ淢δϸʡ񶷵һʣǷͬµľɼ֮
³ãŵ϶ԺеĲ²⣬ȷʵˣֻҪԣ֢״ࡣ
Ժһ´ȣƶصΪƳÿһʱȶĸƿƽٶЧ֮ʡ
֮Ժһʱ˵ֻз羲ĴһԺǽһ߷Х
ԣƻǲúáԺе˰ΣֻӲͷƤٶȿڣҵ´ǰĲҽ֮ǰáƳ⿪һ㡭δץס
Ծɳû˵
ǰ·зգǱѡһġ
ƣǲƣϲߡ
ƣҪǰôҽζûɫĹֲƣҲ֪Լļһ·ʧȥδǷһԼ˭ǵõˡ
̾һĵϹȻûɱ˵ڶĵ
һţͻȻ˵Ѧ͹֮䣬ֻܻһˡ͹֮ǰĹֲûйϵ
ԺйŹֵؿһۣЩϢĴţɴҽ˵ͨġ
Ƴҽ˵ͨ𣿡
ԺУȷʵ˵ͨͱϷƵġ
ǷҪһһʽʡ
Ժһ£ҡͷҿŲ񣬵ҶԹƳ˽Ⲣ㲻꾡
ʵһͷʣرԨڹ
õԺп϶ĻشתԹµһ롭Ҽͳȷ
ֻмͳпȷĴˡ

 111 

빬ûü̫ĵ, ѾͷЪ˹ļˡ
, Ǿ̫
뵽Ժɲꡢ˺ëת, üſ, һſڵĸ֣֪ȻѦӦҲ档
Ͼ̫, Ѧ֮ĸ֮ô, ʱҲǸõġ
Ц, ȥͨһ
˵ͷرԨǲҲ棿Ҫǲҽȥ˵Ǹմӳġ
֣вõҲ̫˳Щ
ŸһһѾתȥͨ, ڵſڿ˿Χڶ๬˵ı, һԵöЩֲ̿
̫治ôֹۡ
ʮһ²ŵء
ֽȥԼĪһյĹ, ʱһѾı, ʾȥ
һȹڱ, ͷĹǺúƸûһ㡣
̫ù, Ϳ, һֱôŵġ
ڳæµĹ˺ҽǣʣ±һǰһվһѦرԨˡ
ǰܵ˸
Ѧûͬƽϣһۣ, ʽӦȻ
ȻõúܣϾкñ쳤ۿء
˵ǹ£̵ȴ̫˽ıӦ
Ѧüʽģ
Цһ£رԨ˵¶ФйأФҲѾ𣿡
رԨһۣ˵ФҴǰһֱϰƳ֮ʱѾСɡ
ȻǶ˵ȴЩϢĿдµĶȥ
ƷˡѦߣҲ֪ʲôʱӹ͵͵ĸϣ֮ǽӹƴĸϰγ
ͬԺеֹǿȡӹδܳɹرԨͣƬ̣ǵȵФҵ취ƣ̫Σӡ
Ѧü
̫Ľ֮Ȼڼǰʼͱĥ𣬿ɵĸףҲ޷Ӳܡ
ֻǿȡһ·Ѧ̫󣬲ܱס
ȴҴӵһӣۿֻʣһ³ͷˡ
Ѧɫضס֪Ҫ˵Ŀ϶ʲôĻ
̧ͷӭѦע΢΢һЦеصʮ˵ǹʦ̫ռڡ
Ѧ촽һʱû˵ѹ͵ÿ¡
رԨƽ˵ԤԹԼڣʮ꣬ɼĲҲ
νǾͿʮʱ̫Ĳǲκ˰ɡ
㲻׼Ҳһ׼ġ
̫ƾʲôܹڣ
Ѧ۲ȥƣԺԺǰѯǿаγƳ顣
̫ҽԺڳλߵ˻һۣɫпԡ
ƳֱͲϰĶжٰգ
ȴǸѼϼܣòˡ
Ժָ֪ٺܿԡҽֻǲǿ˾˼Ƭֱ̱׵ص£ֻĳɰա
Ժ¶˱ı飬Ȼѹû뵽Ժֱܹز
ֻĳɰգҲܾôת˵
̫񲻳Բȡ־ģնֲȥԺйȥϣ
ȻԺ˵ĶǴʵʵֻԵһ
Ե㲻˵ˣ̫ǿȡƣʧܳɹܹԹƳЩ˽⣻һҪٶ֣Ժбиİա
ΪĸԺУ̫ܶʲôøУ
Ѧֻǳ˼Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬱ȡơ
ʱһ˿ԥ֮ҲûУԲĿѣĵôʵۡ꣬Լĸضʯĳ
Ժ˿ȥæ׼
һϷʱֿڵ֪̫ϹƳôͻȻ
Ѧͬü
ȻܲµõФʲôɻʹû˿ФôӰ쵽̫ģ
ФճةฮرԨԭΪƵĳѡ
Ѧ͵תͷرԨʧصسһѣ
ҲòᣬûüھѾѦˡ
ɵȷʵҸˤһѣرԨҺʱ˵ǾǴĹдĳѣ
΢زѦ񣬹ȻѦɫܵγī֭Ѧ˵ܵرԨˡ
رԨǺãѦһһ١ҧгݵص޻һֱΪѻ޵УΪԼ˻ʽ·ԭֻһӣԭ֪ʽ֮ǰѾźһУ
һΪб޻֪ġرԨ׵
̬ǫָ߰ͷǳӸףѦȴرԨѹûаԼ
رԨϿɵĶУƺֻһˡ
ѦһŪҹôüٵĳȥƭФңˣ֪Ƕְ̫ǽиʲộҪͷһ룡
Ф²ͬͨٵĳ۾رԨɵص⣬ҹ׷ФʱѾƽһɽ֣׽סʱ⡣ФҴ˽ƻ̫ϹƳΪҪЮ·ŵľӢ
Ѧ·һԼȥرԨһٵģ
Կڶۻ˰Σʱ̲ס죬ФҺ̫Ҷܣܾȱµ֧أ
һ꣬㷢رԨ̧
֮ڣضȡءرԨ˵
ղΪ½ƣҪٵһˡ
*
ʳҹɫٶȽةฮǰһҹҪɭϵ׼ڲŷǡǡ෴
һת´׷ФңرԨԼֲڸڣиࡣ
ʵǱɣᳵ·رҵ˼ͳסϢشԾȥҲûñֱӽƿȥˡ
ھ磬ͳſغߺ
üҲµ˼ͳƽԭ򡪡ѱˣ˭
رԨԸʿɲüͳԪ³һʼ֪ٵǸǼٳѡ
رԨȻŸոո߼ͳġ
Լͳ˵Ǹոմʧȡϣûãϲ㱻ٴδ飬־ټᶨ˶Գࡣ
Ȼͳһɲ״ʵĻʻҪʵġ
ҿ˿вãǽϲ˸Ƕؽ˼ͳһ
ͳ˸飬̧ͷ۾
ʼ̱㷢ּͳ˫ģлãȻ
ͳֺĴͳѵ㣬л㡣
ͳƮ˺һž۽ʵϣ¶˸Ӷı飬ͷءرԨ
զ࣬ҲûԼݣֻǡģɵʵƱһһ飬ûתأ
ôͳֵȥʵ죬ץΣ᲻ΪҸرԨҪȥ°Ȼ㻹ǻʵۣҼͳͳͳֵãֵõòˣ
ȷԼûͳĻ
Ѧʲô£                        
лҪ˵_(:١)_һµķڰǳˣȥд

 112 

Ѧͳʵ˵, ʵͻ, һ̫ҽԺΧﲻʲôԭʱҾ;òԾˣ
ʼǵǸ, ͷ빬, ؾ֮⡣
ѦȻװ
ȥֻһ쳣͵͵˳ѣͳİȻôʵ۱ҪҪ, һ빬ͺ
ʽϻȥļͳں, Ĭ˵
µ̫Ū, ǹⲻ˵һһ˭ȥ˭ͳֵ˵žҪ֪϶Ը⡪ʵҪΪ¶ǻʵۣ괫Ŷ˵ʵֻܻ֮һˡȻˣȻˡ
ʼѾһҪ֪ݶӼͳʳˡ
ûô, ȵļͳԼһԵ˳
ͳ̫̫ϸ, û뿪ڼͳ, ˳ÿձԼ˾ơ
ƻȫƷ, ڻس֮ǰ, ʵΪԼô㡣
رԨ, ն, ¶ǹڻԼȥ㲻ᣬҲΪ㽻ֵõġҪǣԼԸ⻻û취
ƫƫѦ
¿ԲѦ, ȴǳǳİȡ
ҪѦȥһһֻŹһ·
һȷܲܳɹµ۾ֲе·һµĺ
³ģѾֻʣ¶̶̵ļʱҪȥˡ
ԭһӵʱ䣬ļͳѾ
һ̶ӺһֱеǱƣةฮ뿪
û̻سУе꾩ǵͼȥһҡ
һǰ취İ취Ҫ˵ϡ
Ϊ֪лסʲôطûةฮһǽȥժ˶ñߵš
ŷԭһͷҪһžͲʲô˵ߣϱ˵Ժűɫȥл
ء
лܿʽȥҹʱҪ߶ͨ졣
к£лˣº͵ʣҼǵҹãҲҪɣ
֪ôˡֱ˵ض˵һһ˭ȥƣҪȥƽģѦ
лԭƽнĽŲʱһ¡
ûô֪ġΪô϶ǵˣһǲԸġ
㣬ʵ빬ѦԸƣʱ֮ǰ
̫أ±³鲻лƬֵ̣οԸ⣬Ҳδػô
ѹü棬ѹżҪһԡ˽գֻܵˡ
лãڵ˵ͷʱ䲻࣬빬̲סʣҪôǻȥͬǰ˵һ
ûͷҲûҡͷֻôÿɷضлһл
ʲôֵõл顣л̾Ϣ¡Ҳûס˽Ľȷʵϣ°Ȼ
ֺݣлδ˵ڡ
ʶۣʼһº޺ı飬Ǳ뿪
ֱӻ˳һžͿųѰۿʱһ
ˣͷҲ̧صʱЩ
ͳˡ˵ţüٲߣŲŽ
е¹ֱ־Ͱѳˡ
治ƣʲôûⷽÿ졣
ǽΣɵָתųѣĵصʳ𣿡
ʳˡڹͣ
аճִӹ¶³ѣΪ̫󣬾һʱЩͶ
ûģ̧ͷһۣȻЦ⡣
˵⻰ʱָĶҲͣѲתͣһ̾ҪڵϷƵġ
һڵӦȷд£Ĺᵽɲֻ꣬˵ˡһһ
ķ񣬡³Ƭֵ̣ͷԼеĳѣ̾ʵڲýµġ
˵Ϊȵߵ˵⻰ǵ˱ԡ
ȥгѣСġ
û뵽ȫûֿѳˡ
һ£ץὫջԼھ̤ʵ١
ɹ䲻һʻȴʲûץ
ǲǻ˵ʲô飿ʣ鲻ԣ۾Ҳͬ뿪ʱһˡǳлѬ¹õϣȥһ
ʣԼֱ׳֪ģɸջؼҲӾѾ´˸ɾ
ʾԼǰúܶԣȻסʲôġ                        
лҪ˵͵ϵͲڼӸ˰_(:١)_Ŭ

 113 

, ʻǱסԼĵߡ
Ȼ֪ˡ˳ðԲˬķʽתƻ, ҹ
ЦЦ°ʹ, , ϻеζ
ʣͺһ
·Ҫ°ǹΣУ˵ͷɴֱߣѳ߬
˵һᴵ, ֮֮Ҳùֱӽˡ
û, ʾͷµĽŲ
ô, ֲͱһֱӰҶϡºЦҪôɣ֮ǰѾˣȵõڣֻǶЩˡ
ʲôʽذѳѷ, ƿ˹
Ф֪̫̫꾡, ԼѺᷢʲô鶼֪ŵĶԴһ, ֻҪһ컹Ӳд, ͱȻһ첻õɵġ
ʳĬ, ĵʵҲȷʵˡ
Խ, ֶһФһ, Ҳ˲ǲҪùٶʧȥЩ˽ˡ
ǰǸϽ˵֮󣬹Ƴʧȥã˵ԼжϣϽФҶûıҪ
µ, ֻصʼˣд۵ġ
ֱ촽ûнӹµ仰ˮ
㲻ȥ£Ҳܲ߳ƽͣϣһҲûƿ
ſһСҲͰˣʱӳ֮ʼûƽ鶼ˡ
ûתͷſڷ¡
䣬Ҵú񡣡µ
ȥʶ˶٣šüһֱҡ
ǰһμʱû뵽ͻȻ
ʲô
ͷԴҲһͬſϣЦû뵽ͬ׽ǰûǹڰˡ
׽
ʷ׽Ƭʣĵզࡣ
ȷʵ㣬ܳŵᱳȥɵ¾ͺˡ
ʱǰ˳ëڵˮгһüëƭùʲô飿
ȥһµʱõġε˵ֲ˵ѵһܰ򡢻ǹ첻Է̹ף
ǰߣ򲻹ߡԼࡣ
ޱرۣŹзڵˮᱳ
Ҫ͵Źµ
ֻҪѦոʾ͸Ұ̯˵ʱ֮ǰϡ
ǡѦ᲻
մӼͳ˵ѦǼƷʱӹĵһ뷨ǿ϶ġ
ѦΪܵùԭȥκ顣
ɵȴ뿪֮ʿʼԽԽȷ
Ѧȷʵôò˼Լʵ۵ݡ
þ֮Ϊһ˽齫£ֱ
½Ѧô꣬˵ǧٲᵱͷؽĻʵۡ
ô㻹ҪҵҲͬ£ʧЦ
ŽˮУĬƬ̣ͻȻһرԨñ˵أزʶҲԸ⽻أ
һһͲƽµ
ȴ񱻴ʲôתͷʵҵѵûĸԸΪĳȥԸ
ЦʰΣʮ͵صҲ
ʱҭһ£ذת˻ȥ
㲻Ƿʲô˵ǷǷľ˶һЩ¼˵öǷˡҲҪǵĲ
˵º͵ʻ㱴һЦ
ҴǰͶ˵ˣ˵ҲҪرԨȡ
ʣץѾʹն࣬ü
ͷһ뵽ԺܺѦﶼûãֱĬĬ˻ȥ
ÿӽŹ̵ͷʹ
֪Ķȴǰˣȴ֪ôģ״˸֣
*
л빬ʱʹȻǵƻͨġ
̫һһҹҲûܺתȻҲͣЪ
ȡƵ׼ɣһγʱ̫ûܳɹһҹû˯ԺиƣõòȣѦ״׼ȻؼЪϢһڶ빬ȡơ
ҲԺһˣ̫ҽԺԺڵֻƫ̵Ĵ
ڰǿȵظ̫˰ҩ٣Ҳմͷ˯ţرЪ˹ĺѡ
ڵƬ̰Ѧ̫޹ాҹ౾ֵƣһ¶ǣл
ӦǱȥͷл
μ¡л
ʱ빬϶Ǽ¡ѦͷҲ̧صֱ˵ɡ
лȴʣʱ£̫ˣ
Ѧüģɵصշܼ
ǽʱ֮ǰ¿ܳȥ
֣Ѧ߷ıͣٿؿлӲϣʽʲôˣ
̫ΪƳ궯״Ʒ񲣬ѵҲųʲôʣ
л⻰һʳڣǰѦסһֱرԨҲ̧ͷ
һаã´ɷģл֮ȴδػˡ࣬˵öҲԣ
ͻȻлԵرԨƬ̣صҲ˼
һһȵĽ֮գֻٵ³ġлº͵ǰ˵һһõĳѣѾ׼Լȥµģһ֮
Ѧ񽫱ʻ£ɫųλ˳˶ʡ
Щ¶Ѿ֪ˡرԨ
һֱû˵Ҫȥ°ȻģǱµл
ȻĶţÿһֶǾĵ³ڵģ˱á
ɤĻȴѦѪҺסˡ
Ĭ˰κѦһһٵʣˣ
вȷرԨƽ޲ص
֮䣿ѦЦʡ
ϴͻԵ޹ʺתΪڼ¡ԳܱܲԼ𣿡лʵһѣ±Բѣһ빬±ת񲻹գ
رԨĬ
л΢΢һЦĴˣò²еϵŶԡвǾ䴫ԡ볤֮䣬ֻܻһ
˵̧꣬ͷѦķºͱ˵ʡ
ʱ½ҹԸȥ

 114 

л˫۴Ǹä, , Ǵů硣
ʱ˫۾ŵѦȴں
лرԨĶԻ, ղȫˡ
ϸϸƷζǻе˼, ȴѦ׹ߡ
ģѦ૵ǲֻФҵ֮ƣ
Ҳ˵ǰײԼꣿ
աѦŤͷһԲرԨ, һһٵ, ơ
رԨĲ뵽٥, ôԼѦͬʱȥ˶ע
뵽ѦЦҲûޡ
ǱЦģһ, ȷʵرԨó顣
رԨѶٵķ۾֮, ΪʲôƵҪ̹ף
ô޲ԸѦʵ
رԨлûн仰˼
Ѧȴ˵ĳĬŭ, εķ, ŭȵ, ޲ǻʵ, ǿ̸Ϳأһû˻ʵ, ˭λã˭쳯̫ƽ
һŭǷſɤģѦ񼸺ûʱȥƽϾ᲻ᱻڵһ󣬲侲
˿ؿڳײҪѹ£, ѵ޲Ȼʽ㣿޺ޱ˭ϣֲǰĴ󡣿ˣ޵ô죿
ѦԼĻλûжãûиԼ̳ˣҰĲ̳лλ˴ڡ
ۿϾҹһʱʱ䣬ôź£
ʽ̵޵һûʵۣѦжϵȥƣصô
лȴҲǡ
Ѧ˿صղŴ̬ﵹ
ȻãҲǳǰı֮һлһ̵µģǵã㲻ͬ⡪ˣŵ⣬ܻҪðһεġ
ðѦ񼥷ظлôʣ
ǳһµģҲǶ˵ġл
Ѧɫ޲ǲֻڲ
л̾һ
ɳȲ̫á˵
Ѧսȭ˵޽Ϊʽˣ˭ʵۣе˭ô
⼸͵ͬ˭λˡ
лرԨͬʱҡ
ǸҵúܡѦ޷޵صһ׼ýһ޽Ըһ֮ѣ
Ǳ¾׼òŹл
Ѧʱ
һʵҪã
Ѧϱȳ˴ϻۣСڹԶĿȾʦÿսӴĸ֮ˣѦʱҲһæҡ
ǵ࣬Ҫ¡ֻ޹޹Ļʵۣ츳ȱһ
ɲǿſűеġ
ɱ˵ʮʱһʵӣѦʮһʱ¶ûС
ʽ㻹ܳŶãѦɬرԨ
رԨĬƬ̲ŵȷеĻش𡣵ǰĽռǰĽһǰĽŻѪֹ꾩ݴΪڱȻ£ֻ٣ڱ˶ϡ
ꡭѦüʱ䣬ô㶼
ʱ䣬ôһ̼λļ̳
뵽ФҺ̫һδ壬Ѧķҵرһ۾ʵ޽ĸȥΣФ˭ƣղôҲȥ
лĿбӣȥҡ֮ҲһҪࡣ
ѦüۣƶصֻӹƲܽĸƣФҲطô
ӹƲֹһֻлҲ֪ˡ
˭Ѧŵⲻǳ˫ĸƣ
̿رԨȻ֪ϸ͵ˡ
ϽʥƱǶʮǰ£رԨڵʱ뿪꾩󲻾ñȾϹֲǰһˣʱһμʱŽƳֵϡ
Ѧʱ£֪ģȵۼݱһң
رԨ׳ǣŵ󲻹յĹ򣬳Ϸһ¡
Ѧ񣺡Ҫ׷ɲʲô飬Ϳлȭͷһ
Ѧ˶٣Ӧ˹һ顣
رԨƽҩӡ
Ƴ֣δȣʱʼδı仯ҲǲܣرԨƽؼ״Ҳӹƣȷ֤
ѦȻһֻӹƣʵϣˣûгѣҲⲻ˹ƣĽչȥΣ
ֻͬ¡л
飿ֻԼڻʽǰժɾɣ˵һ룬ѦɫȻѹκ˲ٴɫһʼֻҵΪʽƵ;ΪԼá
Ѧ񿴲ʣͺʿ໥ġ
Ĳ˵ʺ͹ͬסꡢϵǰ׽㹻ѦΪж
֪¾֮ǰѦֻǲϲֻƵάغȨ֪ºͬһ֮Ѧ񼵶ʵüɱʡ
ûɱ
һֺãϢɱܣΪ¡
ָܵѦ񣬶Ѧʼܶһ
¿صˣѦ񲻸׵ȥ
º͹֮ѾıĹϵѡ
ѦĬĵ£رԨѾлѣҹ빬Ǵʲôط֪Ϣ
л΢΢һЦʲôֵһĴ£ѸץסФңܴжسѡҵ̫Ĺؼ
׷ФҲһһҹˣѦҲ˿ڣû׽ס𣿡
ܻرԨ
ѦúرԨ˭ʵûҪ˰ǣʲôʱˣ
ֲԣлĿӣرԨڵʱʱ
ֱӻشѦδ˵⡣
ѦغһŤͷһڵҧҧҪȥʽ㡣
½ղƣҲȥһˡ
Ǻ͹½ͣǸһޡֻֿһܼɡ
ѦЩ̫ȷԼϴμǶǰ顣
Ԫ³һ£ȴѾ˺ܾúܾá
лͬ
رԨûü˵лѺЦ໹бҪȥɣ
ԣرԨ΢΢ƫȥһл
˻ûϹʱԴǷһЩʧ֮ȴԽ
ʧ׵رԨлЦͬ
ȻرԨҲûлжԼֻʱһ£ʱغ⡰ʱ˫֪һջ˺ġ
лͻȻѣرԨ֮С
лһѵĸرԨԼһä㡣
ʼն̫Сʡ
ѦµĹرԨлһ˵⡣
رԨڵġ
⻰ǸƲ⣬رԨȴ˵÷ǳƶȻҪлȷϡ
лȻֻһЦ
ҵ˴ҹ׷Ф󡢽˵Ҳùǰһ衣رԨصǲǸͲФˣ                        
лҪ˵дˣѦ̵ûʼ_(:١)_

 115 

лû˵, Ҳû˵ǡ
ÿɷص, ܷФң, ׽ǱҪ֮¡
˲ĬȻվһ, ֵĽŲѾӺͷ
лֲ޷̵˵δرȴࡣ
仰βµʱ, Ѿ˵š
رԨͷһ, һѦŵ߳
ʵֻüժڡȥۻ˰Ƶ, û̫ʱ䡢ֲҪٶԹԼݵѦ˵Ȼ㹻ˡ
ȥæɡѦɨرԨüؽФҴ, 翹, ɱҲɡ
Ф֪鱨ȻҪԹԺ, Щ鱨Ҳǿա
ɱܾ󻼡
رԨӦǡ
Ѧһʱ, ҴҷԸ뿪ӻʹȥ·ϻҪʱ, ռѾʣˡ
رԨż˵˹ŷֵ, һԶȥӰ, ģðһͷ
ͶµľرԨ͹µĹϵȵףԨһ
գҪٵһꡣ
˭֪һ굱лᷢʲô£
Ҳȥҵһ, ץסյβǿнơ
Ϊȴͬ߱ˡ
缸ʮ꣬رԨҲ벻δԼֻͷ
үĸԵһ಻סصФǱߡ
رԨûֶųķƬ̣ͬʲôһʵûץס
ĸ̵ѰΧǴ֣ȦֻҪФҲݵأ֮ǰһУ
ȥرԨ
ĸɵӦǣ˼ϢȴرԨɻ̧ͷ˿
رԨȻѦлȥķ
үĸ̽ػ
رԨ֪գǷ˸ȷľ
ĸԣȻ̴үȻһֱȷġ
رԨҡҡͷûٶפ㣬תͷһֱԵȴͷߡ
ǽղܽƣйƳФҷҪ֮һ
رԨܾôɱФңФҿеõһ鱨
ºѦ֮䣬Ϊʲôֻܻһ
͵ҪԶϽ´꾩ǳɳƤӵǲʲôɸ˵Ĺϵ
*

˹һһڵسԣ̧ۿԼֱߡȻĲɵʡ
Ѿ͸һƵıǰϣҫۡ
Ȼڵʱȥȵ˺ȴǲһġ
󣬹Ȥصڵ˭
ʣسסӣˣȻ֪Ҳ֪
¶翹ģЩЦ
ʺͬʶ꾩Ҫ͹Ƴһصˣһֶֻù
ûдʵαװĵȥ
Ҳʱʾͷһץѽ˹ơ
ʷЩֲ꣬һŽĵĽҩ
һʼͲǡ
ĵ߳ȥۿֻʱ㵽һյʱԺҹͻأ졣
ʺ͹¼ͬʱ̧ͷ˹ȥ
ǲǽȵôĽˡ°뿪Цص
ֱ촽ȥӦţ͸¶һԼĽ֮顣
ʱʼס
վѦлʱŽõ˳
лѦ󣬺Цʵ˵ͷ
ѦûصÿҪʽ㡣
Ǹŵĵʣ
ὲ¶ûá
գʿ϶һҲʵֱۣӽ˦ϣͬűӰŸˡ
ѦҲûкʶƽϵ˼ͬʲߣĿһʱҵԺеĹ¡
սԺʱѦĽŲܼ٣ڿʱͻȻ͵ͣԭزٿȥҧҧŻʽ㡣
ˣ̾վֱ۶սŵĶһüëʣ
Ʊϧ˵
һ˷ϵĳѣָصĦ£ͻЦǰŻңҪ˲رԨĻΡ
˵꣬תѦ
עӵѦ񼸺ʶط˺º֮ĶὫµ߾ߡ
Ҫһ֮ҵµ
Ѧһʲôˡ
ǰΪ£Ϊ¡µص˵̫زѣФδϽ񣬱²뿪̫ãȥɡ
Ѧһ侲صʽģ޲᲻εؽһ£˽޲ͬơ
ü۲һ۹µ鷴Ӧ
ȴûʲô仯һ߼ϵǸ֮ˡ
ղУԺҲС䵭ؾܾѦĻк塣
ǰ£ǰϣΪûĻ᣻ѦҧҧиĻᣬޱġǷʽһʽ㡣
֪ܸǺܺãݾڱϱ㹻ˡǵҲҪ֮ı»ȥȡ
Ѧҧס촽˰ΣƵصԭͲҪʽʲô
˵ţѦתʣضһۣʽܰסȥرԨƱǡ
֣⣬ɶϷ
޵ԼѦ޺޵شң¸ûʽͬ⣡ôô
ѦһһǾףԺһʱû죬ֻĴشϢ
رԨ̫ңǰҺ󲻺ڣѦҵȻڣһձһոڣɺʲôãҷĴֹƣôܻлֲ
һԲע˫ͨѦ
ʽ㲻ҪҵĵǸãҲǸȲΪΪҾûʽҪΪôֲǸκѹ̫ãѾˡѦʽԸԸƣͬʲôϵҸƣֻԼܺܽѰˣ
˵ΣѦԼ֪Լǲ˵ˡ
̫ãһ˵šδڡȴʼûܰԼƭȥ
ܳΪ֮Ѧһ־üظ
ɱĴԼˡ

 116 

ѦйƵһѻ, ֻޱ, óһһԼš
ʲ֪Ѧô, ľս
ֻҪһͷ, ʶ֪ԼüȥڱҶ֮ǰ
ȥ֮ǰôû뵽ȰѳõԼ
ר־عעŹгѣѦ֮ͣ, ²˵, лҲ, ԺеĳĬصѹ˵ļ
ʽΪʲô˵ѦЦֶҵΪʧˣûϵ֪ˡյ»ʽ͵ûϴҪɱʱ, 㲻ңҲң
˵, ض˹ۣͷֱȥ, һȫΪ˺͹³һƵġ
лƬ, ˸, תȥ׷Ѧ
ߵü, ûŴ, Ҳû˼ȥţֱ촽Źµ˫֣ٿصǲѳҶϣһ˰ˣ
³Ƭ, ̹ʵسϣȷʵЩô
Сѿڶ
̧ͷ˿鲢⣬֪㲻ġ
ʰƲһ죬ֹǲġ
ֱõĽ֡ɱ˳ѦҲ顣
Ψ鷳ҲѦһ㡣
Źֵͷȥ˼ļ϶Ϣسһһ
ҪҪˣܲ˱˵ĵ˵ţ仰˵ʱѾ˹ǰҵλá
˵ѾǸ㹻ͻȻѵľˡ
ԥؼǰס󣬽еĳȡأ˿
³ˡȴ
ʰѳأȴһ춼ԡ
ȥ˼ͳһֱأľ⣿ʵͳ˵ҽƣҪҵģ
ǡʺؽڹӵ˼ͳͷϣ˵ҹѦͻȻΪرԨŴ˳ѡ
ʵĻһֻ̫ܴ֮һˡ仰ʵˡ
¡
Ѧ͵ǻʵˣ̫ӵʱǲŸճûã
֪ʲôƵģ½ŵʱ̫Ÿϲ£ԷѾ˳ʱȵеؽԶɱֹܹġ
ĻѾ͵ûˡ
ǵʮͬٶȴ¼̾˾¡
ʱȵۺȥָ֪꣬һ·׷̫ФңԴͷȴϡ
ҪǼʱµȴҲѾǿ֮ĩȥ׷鱳ࡣ
ʱ˲δ֮£˭ȥȻ
¼ֻ뵽һˣԱ³֮ǰ黹ָơƵĸ˸ԼֱۣǱҪұʵǲȥġ
˼ó˴𰸡
ܽйڳ˹ºȻεģֻôһ
ȻоεȻѦǹ¾Ͷˡ
ҪȥͨһΣʵдŰɣ
³Ƭ̲ŵдŰɡ˶٣̧ͷЦЦѾˣ˵Ҳһʱţǲǣ
ʾذһ£ȻҸذȫĵطѳѱ
ʲôĶµ
šüԼ˸˳µɣرԨ֪غң֮϶֪ˡ
ѦһֻҪرԨǸɵӣ͸֪Եʲô
лȥѦʱǵΪϾܽƵģҲѵڱ¶
һΪܽƣʵ˵˭֪
ղСҡͷٲϲ£Ҳһ֮ͻȻʧԹǶ𵴡
Ѧô̵ͷʷȥǸܵ¡
ʽ촽ۣԴ൱ν
˵СľǿɷӶ͵Ѫûϵ
ֻ֪ҡԹжҪ
Ѧ񽫺¶źأ̲סʡ
Ƕȵ꣬´˼Ƭ̲ŵǴǰѾ˵ˡ
ʣ˵ô࣬ͷһ䣿
ҪҪˣµΪԼľֺҡ
̿ʼ˼ѦβѸٰźú¡
ֻҪڿ˵ΪȥǣǴȥκ£ܵô¡ȥ½ϻıһ˪¶ɤȴҹ¶䵭֣ǰڸùܡ
*
꾩ҹسǾѲ֣Ϸ͵ٵ¼
ƽ˵ŹãرԨҹҪǵʱȴǹܲġ
οرԨȥǺ͵̫ص¡
ѾһһҹȥرԨ֪ФҽƻҲصµʶ
رԨǽʱ׷УξҴҸ㱨飬Ϊأ⴦вǰ׼õģʼ£ʱ죬˲ˣǰСһһŲʱٶȡ
ĸü׼ô壬ǻŲ·Ӵܵ˴ġ
ȻǡУξ̴ФĻ࣬ȴһҲû˵嶨Ȼһ׼õĺ֡
֮ǰܷŲϣرԨʵ
УξΪѵسһ£ʵʵ˵صҪԺˡҹ谵Ĵʱúܡ
رԨףһȥ
رԨǰ仰ʱУξһ
û꣬˺䣬ʱһ
ة࣬ҪͬһҪ׷ӷ
ۣǰҹһ˵λٹ֮ô죿
УξɫѿسһرԨŵĸ
ĸʲôסôģ
޷ԼģҡرԨҸǺһЩ
УξЩȻں棬ӦͲδųˡ
תӱϹϾرԨֵķߣ߼һЩ׷ФҼµķӦ˵
еڲԶ˿أֻǶһԲ۶˵ʲôǶľͷһ
رԨϸУξĻƫͷĸԺȥ顣
ֻ⼸˶ФҵĿܣֻȷʵ²ʲô鱨ԲűФǷһһöһö˿Ļǿй¶ʲô鱨ȥ
֤ФȷʵӹϵóЩа·
ֲرԨӱ߼ʽ롢Ų鵽ԵʱҲСӵʱ䡣
УξԼǵĵһ·ˡ
رԨףȥæ
УξҲȭ첽Լʿ
رԨעĵķƬ̺ĸֺ֣ãһˣСıܿ塣
ĸȻӦǣֵүҽȥФҴ
ФңҲǿн̷֣ؼɡرԨֻФڴ˴ô಼ãΪ־ܵġ
ĸǹƥԽŻѵʿһˣʱɫѿطأرԨпһˣֻһĵص                        
лҪ˵Уپˣֹʹҩ˯_(:١)_

 117 

Ͳµ, ĸĻʱ, رԨĻ³һء
صһվڳ, ФҹȻ׼
ү, ҪҪһ֧صںδĸѯ
رԨ˼Ƭ̣ôùȥ, ֮زز, صпȥѬһٽ롣
ǡĸȥ
رԨв˼, 鲻۵Ľ꾩ǵĵͼ϶λ
ڵصҪķֱȻǲڶϢעɵġ
صҪôʹڴˣФֻⷢ֡˵˽ãֻ, ФҸɴʶ⴦ص, ܵͬھص
俴ֻһƬ֣Ͼ꾩ǵĽ, ӽ²Զ, ȥһ, Ȼҵ
˵, 
뵽˴, رԨ̾Ϣ
Фҵ׻ֹӲдǸˡ
Фû¶κҪ빬ȥ̫˼һ·ӴֻΪִƬеĵݵ¡νҲ׼
˵ǰرԨܿ϶ҹ֮ȷϣФұһڰ
һǸϽȵ൱˽ˡ
رԨϸԼЩѼ鱨, ܻԷ˽ϸ
ѡرԨһʱҲ
үѡˡĸתȥصڡ
ǰɣرԨ뷨빬
ĸ㶣ɴӦˣСʣ²Ƿſȥ˳һʱܻ𣿡
ܣáرԨƶ˵˵Ѿڻع·ˡ
ͽѦȥǸĿɣܲƽ͵ظ˵仰Ǹ⡣
رԨܹµԣΪһֱõѦǰǶõݰڱȴرô̵ס
رԨȥܲµõѦȻǴһܺ뿪һҲ
ĸصͷͷѬ齻ˣرԨ뿪ߵү빬Ϊˣ
̫׶༪ˡرԨ
⻰Ȼ̣ĸȴһ顣
̫󡢻ʵۡʺȵǼҵĴ£ο̫һȻ˼Ӻ
Ѧ̫ͬ䵭Ը׵ФҲǱɵˡ
ʮرԨ˵Ҳ֪Ųŵõ
*
³գһ±д˷ͨ
ʱصؽԼּ޸Ĺͬǰƣ̫ϳ
еԴùرܿ˻ᱩ¶ݵĲ֣ҲԡͬһǣСɣʵⶼἰˡ
¹ȵ̫ͻʵۣ¾ܿϸš
û뵽ǣһʱյĻȴǼ̡
Ҫ꾩ͬ㵱˵лҲ¶־֮飬Ѹߣȥ꾩һǲףʱΪ˼һ棬п⣬ɶ̶̰֮ڱͨ꾩֪ܲܵס
ֽеۣȷʵܴвļ֮С
룬ı³ʲôӡϴ̫ţҽжʱˣʲôûУ
˵ǷαżлҲЩͷۡ
ȻҪߵͷϣô鿴ּ˿лҲҲһ˿
д˶ȻཻУֻ߿йּ²ʮʮơлε˵ǿˣҸ˵£ҲǷϵּô񡣼ֱǡ
Ļлû˵
⼸ֻͬ˸򣬵װҼŵأ
˽ͷʱ׽סˣлصȷФҵˣҽ˲³Фҵļƻ·ߡ
ЦЦ˵ˣӵصˣرԨû׽ס
ǡлûסФңҲФҲ֡һ١ٶѾûʲô֮ˡмƻδɣҲ㡣
а־δˡµ
лף˵ǡرԨѾ˳ֵĵȥ׷飬ɶԷһҧԼ꾩ʱ䣬ѹ֪зʲô顣
ǵӰˡ²ΪȻ
ǾҪĵˡ
һһȥ˵£ԱǴйɵһĶ±°⡣
־һ±׼ݵؽ飬ͷĹȴ±Ĺŵǰ
רͬл˵ȴûгԵĹǰĺܿѳһ̡
ʻޱݡ
ͣЪĹ򣬹ƫͷǾεصһۡ
ҲлʲԽš
ٲҪһܡ
ƲµؼװԼûµݹָһþһ
һѯʵ£лͣ˻ٶȿڣɻص빬ʱʮӣ˵Ϊ̫ռõ֮գ
̫ʹޣ˵Ҳ֣µ˵ͷȷд¡
лһռҪˡ
жʮ죬ü㲻ֹۣ
лҡҡͷ˵־壬̫ҽԺĴȡƶûɹÿչҩţФҵܡ
˵㣬̫ѾǷˡ
̫ҽԺսŰܣĵرҩ̫졣
̫ԼԲҲ˯ȫǿƽЩÿձ飬̫ҽԺķҲֲ˶á
ǿ֮ĩֻһϡ
ʮȷʵǸǡӡ
㷨Ҳһô׼ЦԼڣʱȥꡣ
лĶһ¡
ʵ֮и룬ڹǰȴǲ˵ġ
ܺúûʮ꣬ԲȥһϽ֮Уȴ˴
лͬδһʱŹ⻪ֻŹʦֹ¼вΪԷЩź
ѾˣлҲֻܽź£˵ݷõʱҲһ¡
²ΪصʱȻ֪Լʱˡ
лرԨǲĶ˷۹·ѵȥһ֪ͨ
лЦӦǣǣЩصСӿͣˣ¿ɳԲôʡ
һոһ˻ȥʶࡣ                        
лҪ˵죡һд

 118 

лǰŸ, º˹س, , ԡ
üëҲûһ, Ҹ⡣
µǰԣģ̵, ųҲζ
Ȼһӵĺʲ, ҲͷŹ˸ղԵҵľٶ
Ĵָʳָһĺʿ, ͻĵؿڵФҴѣ̫ûǵȥŴأ
ʣ
һ, ʱɫܵ
ԼȫޡĿ, µӹƿɲֹһö
̫⣬˵ֻ轫ųȥ, ˳ҵٲФˡЦ, ĸƳ֮ĸӦɲ˵ġ
Ĳ˵, ǰĵط, ɸ˺ü·̣֮ͬʼֲΪ
һʼ, ûʶԼǱĳӰźʻ࿿ġ
Ϊ̫󣿡ƲƲ졣
ҲΪФҵĿвȷ̫Фҵ˼ȥǺΣյġ¼򵥸䣬ıФҵļƻչ̫ҽԺ뾡ȥƽ̫ϵӹƣܽȡ, Фҵļƻ׷ˡ
ӹˣָĸƵܷʲôء
ⲻأʡ
µǾл˵ʮߡ
ʲɵתͷ˿ʹķüʵ㡭빬𣿡
ΪʲôȻƬ̱㷴ӦʧЦ뷽跨ӺңҲ˲١˻ǻͬʲôϵ
̫ģ㶼ܾٳһѵ
ÿ֮ǰҪȥһܲμӲ֪ٳ¡
ʵڶ޹ؽҪ᲻й
ʹ۲Ƭ̹µı飬ȷôģƲƲǾͺãȥҲˡ
Ϊʲôºʹôߣҿúܡ
ͶѦƶ˵
ͻôɡ
£һŵӦᡣ
ֻǸŮѦǿ󹬣Ҳ޲ɡص
ڹٶȿ֮ǰȴıס
ڲ֪˭ʱô˵㿴һʶѦ˰УΪѦ˼
һᣬ¹ȻĬȥ
ѵڴܻ֮ʤһεһ޵ʤĿ֣ûؽת̫ϣ̫ҿǺ֮ǡ
̫ôһ֪ʲôģȲҪɱ
ˣѵܵ˿ɲҡ

̫ȻҲܵý
̫ҽԺȡȻսʧܵģҲǺ޽չ
ҵ˼̫ݵѹʳ޵ķ
̫һΪƳ汻ݷס֮˲䣬ΪԼѾ䡣
Դ·˷ڸ̨ôӲʮʱɰ˰꣬ǰĶҪ˵ɤҲҩƵġ
̫ô̫꣬ҲһʱܹôĿࡣ
û¹齣һһαһθء
̫ǲԼôĲֻڲ˷סԼֱʱʶץס˶Է
ֵ˲ͱָ̫ƣʹصͺһ̫
̫ԼԼںԼʶزͷ
ִϲͷҽǵ̫
ҽǸϽ亹ѦıǰΧ̫һæֹҩఴѨλڽ̫ڵøΪЩ
̫оΣԺƵǰ棬ŵѯʵ
̫һ˻ƣǿƼӰˡ
̫ܺú˵Ժһ֢ãˣϽЩҩŰɡ
̫ܵü˵ͷһҲ˵
ŬɨȥȻһźɫӰվǶ
̫֪һѦ񡪡ֻԼѦܴɫ·ˡ
ģʵ۾ԭһҲûпοʵ˼ĬӲһ
̫ۿɬ벻ͬԼĶӴֳֵһҩš
Ҳ֪ôģ嵭Ҳ̫ԵĲμһУʱһҵķθ
̫һŤͷ۵ڴ̫ҽԺŵ궼ûǣϽǰҩǷʲôס
ҩȻûģΪ˺ŷֳʳ̫һҲûȥ
ԺСĵѯ̫оǷ飬̫ҡͷ
и֪ôģȴúƱڿһȥһû䣬һϸĻŵòС
ǸоȴʲôΪҪ飬ȴôҲ벻һȭ޻ϣܽ˷衣
̫֪ԼоǴӺζѵؿʷԼ֣ʲôˣ
¶ɫ
Ϊ̫׽ˣ⼸һֱڽǰźæͶ˸飬˯ܱвɸ˵ѣĸ̫ǰλε˵
ڰŤͷ˿Ѧķûõʵ۵ָʾֻù˴ǰū֪
̫һüʶҪȴ㶼ֲסձųһŭڣ۵Լ˻ȥ
̲סԼǲǷһһҹŻᱻĥ
ФûѦͻȻ˿ڡ
Ȼֻĸ֣ȴ㹻̫ŵûһɫҰס
ֵ̧ͷѦ˷ŶظĻФû
Թǲ൱ȤѦʡ
̫ɫһҪҡͷʱѦ·ҪƵļ˵ȥ
ԣĸϲ֪ʲôʱ˹ҲǺ顣
̫ɴ˫ۣϵʹҲȲһ׹ߡٵĿ־塣
ĸ󵱳ĽҩѦ䵭˵ӹһ٣ڻҪơ
ռФҼ˵Ʋ⣬Фǲƣֻûһºûͻˡ
ȻͷҲص뿪꾩˵Ĺ֮¡
ĸ֪ФйʲôϽ˵ɡѦ̫󼸺ŵɫģǴλᣬĸδػһλˡ
̫ҵضͷһţֻ˵ҡͷȴҧһҲû˵ڡ
ѦδʣŲδƶִ硣
Ƭ̣־嵽˼µ̫󷢳һɳƵĽ
ߺŵҽֻǰʩȣȴôҲû취ٽƳѹȥֻùͬѦ
Ѧȴ⡣
Ƴô׾ܱѹƣͲһһķӣһݵѹסƳ桢ȴİ취
ĸ˴ԼһӡѦ´ѹסƳʱޡ
˵ղֻ̽Ȼ̫֪Фܵġ
٣֪˲١
һ̫ѹѦɣ̫ٶкܿ뿪ˡ
ͬرԨ´Լĺ£ѦҲҪһ̺á
ʵûиʱˡ
ʵۺةൽײͬرԨ˵ѦС
һĸѱѦ̽˹¹²ͬ⣬Ҳһ취ơ
ˡ
ȫ
*
̫˺Ȼ½½ΣѮʱѾ˱ĥԭׯĶ쵰β˵ɫǶ۾һʱէһֱûʲôֱ
õʬ塣
Ժһ£ǿòܵסġ
ɱʲô̶ÿֲ
ȡƴδζʧܣƳƻ˼һ㣬Ժгͺͷ
̫ʱѾȫû˵ֻΡΡдһۡ֡
æȥ¹
ѦȻܿϵɫҲЩҰ̫ͬһ˱Ǻõġ
̳Ѧ£򶨵ص£̫ͬ˵
ѦˣֻһԺš
ԺһͬšѲƶͬȴ򶨡
һҲĶ
ǡǡ෴Ƴ鱨Ժ֪֮һڼ꾩ǵҪܡ
ǰ߹ϵܷƿһһƽƣͬƵĴϢϢأĸΪҪ
Ժһ뾡ҲûκĲص˵ڶλᣬȻԸ˷ѡ
̫˵ҲûԺߣֻһ˫۾Ѧķ
ֻʣ֮Ѧߵ˴ߣע̫һֽأԼֵݸ
ָ̫ƮѦд֣ʱһҲдҪͣϢƬ̣˼ֱȸճӤô
дһ仰˵ֻ̫дҪۡ
ѦűʻһФ֣һ֡
һ˼㽫֮Фȷʵϰĸŵʱ֪ˡ
ָ̫˶٣ȴдһ֡
Ѧšü󣿡
̫ȼСصͷٶдĻФ֡
Ѧ˰ΣʣФ֪ΪʽֹƣѲɵã԰ϰԼһƷԼϣ
̫ͷҡͷд֣ȴƺ֪ôԼһֽͣÿ
ԺԲ죬ԣФҶԹвңԼӦҲ֪ˣóȻʹáڵ֪Լ֮Ͷ·ŽԼƳĸƷֱԼ̫ϡ
̫󳤳һͷȷԺе˵
ݰܵĿⲻԾͶԼֱۣҪ͸俴ǿֿ־ĺ롣
μФҵʱֱ֪²ãԼͻȻʱǼȵò߶˰̫ҽԺΣվһ
ɵûӹФ˵ҪҲһµ
̫ǰΪФҴʴʣڲ֪еķʸȴѾˡ
ʮӹ־̫ܽѪҺֹͣ
󵽵׼ģǾڣѾܿˡ
̫ݵĶڼ䣬Ѧ˼ƬԺе˵ȴס̫һϸڣܵýϢδֹƵرԨû˵Фô֪
ФȻҲ̫ͬ׽購Ȩǵ绽ıҪرԨȣǲ˲ֹһصġ
̫¶ãȻҡͷ
УѦ񿴵ó̫ûǹ⡣
ĸʲôҪ˵ģֻܽʡ
̫۾һдֵĶ֣Ѧһһд֡
ܡҡѦ񻺻ؽ˳ФҴǰһң
̫ͷ
꾩УѦʡ
õ̫ٶȷϹѦԺгȥȡ꾩ڵĵͼָ̫ص㡣
Ժ뿪̫ͻȻֽסѦ֣дһˡ֡
Ѧɵһü£
̫֪Ķصͷʲݵд˸
ѦĬû
̫󼱵ýдһΡ
ǰۼ¾ʲô׿ʹ¾Ϊʲô֪ʮ
ò¾ǲĴ𰸣ֻ̫ԼҲĿ
Ѧſ˿ڣ˼ĽǸɴľܾ޲ûʽĸ󡣡
̫ȻѦ˼ֵ˫ѾڿݵԵ൱ͻأ۾
ĸΪѻʽ࣬ûҪټһ档Ѧ䵭˵ҲĸҲġ                        
лҪ˵Ȼһǿˣ(??????)??

 119 

¾, ǹ¡
ͷ̫з, Фû嶼ѹȥ
ԼôФҵĻѦٰ, Ѧ׼ȥ
Ѷմʱ, ̫òУԼΪӲ˵ǻһϰҲǾ˵Ĵԡ
Ѧ漴Ŵһ, ̫ͬĹϵ߽Զ, ⵼̫󾪻ʧΨһһִµФҡ
ٲ֮, ФҲѦرԨסԥɱˣǴ͵һơ
Фǰһм̫˵˼Ļ̫ʱֻĪ, ȵڶФұ, ź֪غ
һʱ֮֮ͬΪرԨһҪɱıԼ, ̻̲˺һӲŻָ
Ѧе֪ФҺ͹¶ûϢ, ̫ڽЩ
Фɱȴ޶˶˻ϣ
̫ʱԼǸ, ߺ޵ץѦ, ˵, ȴԼĺ˵˻ֻͽ͵طƵ
ԺлûѦŤͷ̫飬ĸФпԭġ
̫ȻФ, 
ȱعУôкô£
סڹСѳֳʮ꣬ة鶼Ҫɫ£ǻʵۣѦǻʵۣ
̫˵ѦҲеɫһ
ѦǻʵۣҲܸıе뷨
ʱԺѾһ꾡꾩ǵͼͷҴҸ˻Ѧ˳Ʊȥӵͼĵ̯ŵ̫ǰĸ󿴣Фҵʲôط
Фĸۡ˸ɾƵؽңȻܾԼĸ֮ۡУǽ˲Ϊ֪ĵط
̫ṩϢѦ˵֮ϲ
ΪФҵͽ̫ȫȻûκ漰Լܵ߹
֮仹ЩţФҲ̫ԼĽҩˡ
ĸüѦ˶٣ФҶĸ󲻻ġ
⻰ǰοҲյ
ʵФұץסФˣĥģ̫Ҳδػָܻ
ǿ֮ĩ̫˵ĪĹ
ǿԼעͼϵ״Ѧĵãȷؽָһλϡ
ѦһۣƬ˵ƫƧƫƧ˵ֲĵش帽ʲôѦδȥ㲻
ȷ곭ФҼʱûطФйع
˶̫ǸݰȴҲĻھԼʱԼ֪Ϣȵıʱתֵ
Ѧָ̫ĵصμУŵͼҪ뿪
̫ϽץסѦٶԼһ
Ѧ񿴵ö̫еȴĬŽԼֳ˻תͷˡ
ڵĹҽǿ첽ܽ»صԵλϣѦͷҲصˡ
æ
²ԲȲ˯ʱҲãûʱ̫ˡ
ָߵһӭײѦ񣬸Ͻת˸ͷָѦߣֻƳѦеĵͼ÷塣
лѦ˵һ˶٣Ŀڣѵͼȥȥˮָӡ
ָϽӦǣϸʡ
ʵû˵ģǰ˳Ҫôл˾ͻףҪôлѹͲס
Ϊʲô½лرԨ͸ǸһСС̫ܹܹʵˡ
ѦֵС
ָϽɵ˰ҲûȵģۿŶҪߵһˣѦҲûм˼ɵûԼĶǲǳ⡣
ٵ鷿ǰʱѦڿڵУǰõɽųӸʽ㡣
ֻȻ򣬡ǳ´ǰȵĲ衣
Ѧšüù¿ܲԸȥĶصضԸֶζҪʽУס
ʶʴɱķĸ֣Ķвס
ʵڲУʽ㲻̫Ϊ㡣Ѧ
ֶˣŹ͵ͼ˹ȥѰлתͷȥͲ衣
ȻǱʸ⣬òǺ¹һѱһᣬòײԽùºЦؽװھнС޹ˡ
ҶٽʿҲ˳ۡ
ַԼ۵ϥ뿪ʴ򿪺ӿ˿ͣ˲ơ
֪û£ºЦҴǰɶô˲Ƴġ
Ʋ죬һ
Ҳʾﲻһȡ˸С޳ۣװĲ޶ÿɽĴҤרſƣǧ󣬸οͷĲ衣Ȩôãѹе˲
˵Фңʵ
ѵֻФһ·ʡ
̫Ҳеһ
ղûʸ̫ĲΣֶֻݲҲܲµó
һѾæýͷöˡ
ã̫ҲϲµһɽȾͺá
һеĲޣ⣬һҲԼʧְǮҲ򲻵Ķˡ
ⲻֻйܺȵĲ裿˭ʡ
²ÿɷЦһЦʱɲѾҪˡ
ôе꾩Ҫ̸ͬɣȻ֪ʲô˵顪Թ˵ȻǹȻ
Ϊȵ׽֮һȻѾ֪һЩºܾúܾáȴûκ
Ƴ˹һۡ
ɻûǷŵΣͻȻͳлϵĻɡ
͹²ͬ꾩˭˵ǳμ治õİˣ˭ûɡ
Ҳζ޼ɵػκǾϲ⡣
ʰеĸӺϣ㡣
ĶһֱʹղأƹαҲֱӽ
ձ˵꾩صһվЪţٳСձܵ꾩㵽
ʹˣ·ǲףͨ꾩һ·ͣͣȻ˽ʮʱ䡣
˹·̣ûҪȵƻʱܼ˭֪չҴҵԺš
ʽʱ»ЩȣҵҪЩʱܵ
Ǳֱ˴ˡЦЦںȴǸп˹һۣ漴֣ص˸񣬡ݼ£ǰβƺݣ˳ƶΪе½⡣
µü͵˳ƽҲҲһ˵ɡ
ͬµʶ꣬ҲӦߵ뿪Ц˵һΪӱϻء
л˵Ҫµǳˣʲô鵢󡣡
˵ֱ꣬һΡ
Ϊܸл˭ֲ֪´һΡ
˱ʶ⣬һʼûֱһϤȲſЦõطӦ˹
˹رԨĸɤӺүҲǴſõϢģ
תͷ˹ȥˣֻܿȻԼ˹ҲԣӦġ
²µͬ䡣
Ƴʵдţͬȵۺ˵һΣԭȵϵģȵ˵Լ֪ܾͣȥðաȥϽ֮ǰʵͬ޵̾Ϣԭ뽫ӹԼϣʵʱΪƣɡ
û뵽ϽԾЩ֮ءµ
ͷֻ˶Σѡѡ
Ļȴй¾еЦ
ǰ˶֪رԨͬƲôֻ꣬ͻȻô˾رԨ˼겻ˣ
ѡ񵹲˵ϾҲӹơǰұƾĸƵͬġ
ҲʣһͷԼ꾩ǣǺرԨϣŻ
ٽţ͸÷رԨĽҩˡ
뵽ܵ򣬲ɵðҡͷ鲻ˡ
תͷſںʣҿˡ
رԨ۵Сۡ˭Ҳ˭ƲƲ졣
ⲻǽһ˼
ߣжԲߣȻ˲رԨĸȥʱֻӳ
һڹǰһǸġ
ֻһɽǽŵеˡİɣ
׵ϲдˡ
Ų豭뿪Цص֮ģȴͬ˲ͬı
͵Ļ࣬߱ǡν
ȴҡҡͷлº⣬β»꾩סһʱˡ
˵ҲĽת˼
¾һڣȷʵǴǰʱȵζ
ֻȽһӱһĲҶ¾Ҳһع
ɲٻصǰÿ춼۵ͷ۵ȥ
飬ҪĴҪˡµ
ȫûرԨһۣǶûŸƵġ
ʸֱ˹ԣرԨ˿Ҫ֪ԭм͸ôԶ
һرԨһλһôࡣ
²ʵĶҲͽĿ˻ȥȻǷε̬ȡ
鲻Ҫ¸رԨҪһݷá
һͷƬ̣ڵʵʡ
˵˼ֱ֣ˡ
û
ϵΣ赲رԨҰ²˸ʵȻһƨȥͲˡ
رԨĸֻȥӦţףһ㶣չܹܡ
һγĸ֡
ǰҲԼϢҴҸȴǲŻعþͱѦɹġ
ֻһȦεؽ͵·æԭģԭؽĻȥת¿ˡ
֮ǰû뵽ôڳ                        
лҪ˵ʦǿСᡣ
л顣
رԨ顣
顣
Ѧ롭ǣҴ顣

 120 

֮ǰû뵽رԨҲ, εط˸, ڹµһ, һ𽫹°ȫȫذΧм䡣
ҿ, ʣλãرԨԱߡ
֣⻹˰ɡ
̫ܹܲ˰Լͷ亹ص, Ҳվǡ
رԨҲվŸҲµģ
˸һ, Լ˵ķû˵ʲô, ֻ׵ɡ
˵˱öЩЩ˼㲻ڵҲһ뷽跨õϢ, ʵҲ岻
ֻ罫˶, бٴ˯
Ҳ֪ôģ׷, Щ˯ǰѺ鶼һСľˡ
ȻҲû뵽Ȿ̸ܵȻһô, ², ŸղŲſ˿ھͱϵĻ˵ȥ
ѯҵ¡˶, ˵, ڡʵֻһܻĴţʵǼٵġ
ж˵ԲԵĻۣǰλȵĸȷеĻشʱһ˱仯
ɫ˲ñ
ô˵µ
´ǰĹֲ, ʵԼõġ˶٣ЩΪѵصʵǴܹ
˵ĬһڳҲû˴ߴ
Ƭ̧̺ٶȿڽ˵ǰȵ۽һӼλҩ飬֮ǡȵĲѣ跨ı¡ҵİ취Ǵ
ôܹü
оʵֵ飬Һȵ۶ҡͷ󽫵´ʱֻ˵סڹУҲ뱣ܣȵ۱㽫¼ԼŮ֮ʮ꣬󹬹Ȼȵı³ʱӦüǵãһ󲡡
²ÿɷЦЦ
رԨ˵ʱͻ컨Ȼȹȵ۳֮黤ӲŶȹѹء
Цһ£Ⱦ컨ʱȵ۽ǵʱԵʲôҲֻ֪һͻȻ֪ȵۡձٵǡգµĲȻͺˣ֮һձһӽʵǿ
˵ƺǿڸƵĵͷȥһڱȵĲˮ鸴ӡŵؿ˹һۡ
ȵôߵСűԹ
ȻСôӣ˵ΧҲü
رԨ˷ȷʵá
˵ãһھͽüΣԷȵۡǻʵۣѵºϸô𣿡
رԨĬ˰ΣɴǰңҲԡ
ڵ͸ıˣЦżص˲ǵ£ǲ־ȵúܶԣ
ֹŮͷͣҶԶǹȥ飬Ҷ⣬˵ɡ
ס˺󾱵èƵİȴȻ޷ޣȴرԨ
رԨҲ֪ո˵ЩʵڲرԨĴ
ȵۺˣǰʣµΨһһ֪Ҳ̬ӵģѵܳ¶𲻳ɣ
̾һεʵȵԭҲǲģǱǳ󲡡Ҳõȥܹڹͬȵദô֪꣬ġ
ǰ飬Ҳ̫ǵˡֻһţ˼ô죿
ٶҡͷδἰһ£Ҽǵú˵ºͱ˫ȡһĹϵǾ޿ķϿġ
žǴ˴ġ˵ţ̷ӦԾĵط»ʲô֪ΪλФҺ̫У
ɫصҡһͷ֪¡ֻŵģֻʣһˡҽþͨϢҲûдǰͨǰĪˡ
˵ʵ±Ҳǰ
Ѧ͹֮Ҫһȥֲܹĥġ
һСѾ亹͸󱳵·ˡ뵽ڶ˵ﲻףȴҲû뵽᲻׳ӡ
ղŵⷬôԭԭȥѦôң
²һ˻عȥ
뵽Сĵ͵һرԨϣةܺһعʥ
һ̧۵Ĺ򣬸ֵľһ롣
رԨֱֱŹµķ
ȻµʵΣһ˫ϡʮָŲյ˫ȴ¶ʵڵ⡣
ñײرԨһ˲˲ض˫ֵĳһϽɿؽĿ˻װԼʲôҲûз֡
ƵĽԼŵ£رԨ˿ڣ˷صظ꾩Ϊһ𣿡
ֲɵ̧ͷ˿رԨ۾ȴƽϣͬһ޲иۼ˶һǲԼղſˡ
ɵ̽ؿ˿ʱʱһ顣
ܶ˵ߵرԨء
۹۱Ǳǹĵ룬ָղһĻģֹһˡ
ֻ»ϹͷôЦҺȵ۵벻֮ȵֱʱԵΣǴ˴ۿܽ£ȵ֮Ҳüοˡ
ȫأʡ
⻰һڣ͵Ʒûʲôˡ
֮ôңѵҲ
ʵھýϸ۵Ĳʲôȫ֮Ļ붼û
һҲҧҧ촽ˣҶܣֻҪºúûš´ǰѵѾһˣ
¶ɫεشʧˡʲôһܰæģλʣұ֪޲޲ֻṩЩ΢İҲá
ĬʶؽĿͶرԨ
УʱӦֵ鱨رԨˡ
һٿؿȵȴʣ²Ѧ׽㣬֪ղ˵˵󽫹´عеԭҲõϡ¾ʲôˣ
㶣ǺܲʻôƵģ⡭Ҳ
ؽһӤعУǾһ仰ҲʵӤ˻ʵ۵ŮޱʣһҲû׷ʲ֤
Цֻ֪Ǵϱģ꾩ϱߵĽ̫Щ
ϽҲ꾩Ϸôɣͱˡ
ȷȨرԨͻȻ
תͷͬرԨһۡ
һ飬̵ҪҪ㣬⸸֮ƵģۿһԲʱܴһ
վ͵ɡ¼ʱڴݵһִüҪ˵ǷЩˣ
õĿ϶ش󣬹ֵԶһ·ˣȥЪϢб£պ̸
Ӧ˱㲻ټ׷׸վ
ȸرԨöԷԼһʥռš
Ȼոֵ뷨ֱ빬ҲԣֻϧѿȥϢȻöԷֻӲͷƤȥرԨ
ʣջµ
æƴǵл£еģˡ
ֻЦһ£ҡҡʵֱۣЩһˡ
û̧ͷһ£кǲмһˡ
²Ǿ֪ô࣬Ф˵Ҳȥһ·
Σգѵ¾ûΣգ
Ф׵ĵһĿ꣡
ԳƲȥ˹µֱۣɪص㾡ȥŵ£㲻üŻ
εػͷҪٽȰ˵ʱرԨվ
һջرԨڽΧĽҰɡ
⻰νǺƫƫ˵رԨǽΧҲôôԾˡ
ЦɨһرԨĵصǾ㡭
͵վһȥջòͷݣ
֮£رԨͷ˸ƣ롣
ҿ֪¶̸ˣôͻȻֱýضԹˣرԨķȥ
˶ţߺ޵ضʵ½Ĳôȥ죡
˵꣬ɿµֱ۱ǿ׷˹ȥҲҪһ𡰻͡ջ                        
лҪ˵СأɵɵȥȥҾڹ߲ʲôֵ
*
µϸ٣Ѿβٰ¾Ϳᣬдˣ
ΪûȫڣԸ´žǴǧһ_(:١)_

 121 

ճʱ, Ⱥεļǰͬ˼, ŻȻתͷԹµ, ǲ÷, ζǳˣǰ޹ġ˴ι˪ʱ, С̳, ˳ˡ
²ǵԼʲôʱ޹е÷, ƾĹϵӦʲô곡˵Ŀ
÷ƶȻǷζġ
ұˣºЦˣĵҲ֪ʺ᲻
ҵ˽Сɵľ̳ŵԺʱ, ¶һ, һȥͨѰʱŷӦҵˡ
̳º, ٶȸ, رԨһǰһСְ͡, ·һ˱, ˰Ѻ, ͷ¸Ҫ뿪ʱȴ˹ؽסˡ
Ļȥһһʮ߱£ʡ
ֶʱϥһ֪ԼǸӦǻǲӦ
Ӧɣ۾֮Ӧɡо۾֮ﻹҪһȡ
ȥĸҲӦ, ɥĵǸʲô˼ֱӸۼҰɡ
ȥջµٺˣرԨһ빬
û취رԨȰŸԼһߣ͵˹Ըʱϲüңϣۼȥ׷
ȵȣµлʲôȥˣ
ȻѦҪܵģŶԹ±ܱɲˡ
ǻʵڳһʣҲùԹǣ
˸ֻ˼ĵС̫󷽲ѹ˵ФиΪ֪ңȥ飬¾ԭŵˡ
ҡ³Ƭֱ̣ʵ̫֪ò٣˵ǲǲˣ
֣Ҳû뵽ֻôһҾù²̫Ĳ飬˶ٲƵĳĵһͷ
⵹µԤϣõԼĴ𰸺㳯ְ˰֡
ɴصͷȥ׷Ѿ˵ļˣʱԺŵشϡ
ȸһߣʾлҪ˵ˡ
סµ
±קʱһͷŷԼԭһֱֱûſŽ˸š
ü˵治֪Ͻˣô֪ģ
ºЦҲǵˣӦҵġûˣֻ˽¸ҡҪΪģǸңҵʲô
˼Ƭ̣ԼǶҲЩΡ
һƶصҾʲô
¹ȵۣǰЩȻû취˵ڵġµ˵ЩЩˡ
ϾȻѾܲôãҲһΣΪʲôɴܱȥĹأ
ʽ촽һֱߣû˵
̫ϤԼԼϵˣػλκʽһ֣ҷˣ˯һ
Ťͷ̽̽ͷ¶ȣޱص˯̫ˡ
﷦ֲ跱æľڣȻȴǰ׷²ΪصһҲ˯ʱɣ
ʱ˵಻࣬˵ٲ٣ȷʵ㲻쳣
е֪´ǰһֻ˯ʱһ춼ܾɽʱȻûôţһҲ˯ĸʱҪ
ڱһձһó
ʱùǲ׼ôһ˯ȥͺǰһˡ
˯ãüʡ
£⻹ܿƵģ
룬ίصһӺңòã÷ڻһĲźúȡ
ʵͺȾƣ
ӦңµϾǰҲôơ˵ٺЩЩˡ
ʳĬƬ̣һѪҡ
±ˣߵɵúúǧȻͲҸƺˡ
˵¾ҪתԼߣ˭֪Ӳû֣קһѡ
һקмɣûκʹͱȥԱߡ
ûü˵ȻվӰӽȫȻֽȥӺмխСĿռ
εú˵Ҫ֡
䣬ʾְסĺ󱳡
Ȼˣǵһ޹Ҳɴط갴Ͼذ˰°ͣº͵ѯʵôˣ
һͷ˵ϢʶﴵƫһͷҲһ˲
ʱס˱̬ؽ£ô㡣
˯ʵؿʼؿôˣ
νʵ
ԭðΰѣʯĸ֣ȴ͵˲٣ƫ˰̧ȥ˵ı顣
ͷһ˲˲ѦΪ˻ѡɱ㣬Ϊ˻ծѡҲ֮飬ȫν
ƿԣβſͼ͵ǡ
˵شǶ˵ʲôҲҪܡ
ôһ˵ȴѦһ졣
ҲôѦ
ܣܡ̾ȥʵļ󱳣ǳᣬôܲء
ߣֻ˵ú
ô˵ţȴѹ۵ø֡
׽ʲôҲ˵¡ҧźݵ˵ԼʲôŵȴֲˣɴʲôҲ˵ҵСŪ
εص
̻ɵʣʲô
㲻Ҳ˵Ҳ̹׵صȷʵǲ
ʱҭһ¡
֪Ϊ֪ĳʵ
˵Ȼһͻ飬ȴҪúѧϰ֮ţ֮ǰί㡣
˵־䶼ûпɷĵ㣬òǸ߳Ƶˣû취ͬƽϵ˼
ʱѾǿźòӲĳԹ˿̣һĮľǿ
ǻʱΪԽѾй߷Ҳߵ÷ɿ죬ȹ˵ʱѾΪڵƲȥԼϵı顣
ΪھͲίʵŵ
ҧҧǲסЦ⣬̣Ҹôأ
ת۽ɨһ£ܼ򵥡

һ£ʵҪŻȥҾҪôһ¡
ºЦӦá
ʵıܲ⣬ѹ֡
ҷģֻεضŵһڸġרעôȥһ¡²ΪԼҲΪں½߾ȫвУ
ʵԻ¡
¿ͷһ뿪ЦֻҪôһ飿ҲϲһϲҲûϵ
ѳڣ¾ͲԼʵһ¡
ޱҪġ
عµûסЦ֣Ƴһ۾Ͱתˡ
ĵվŵȣתƳһۣۡۡȻǺǿؽͷ­ȥ
˳ƾץʵֱڽȥ
ʶסµ֣˸ʵʵʱһ
ֻһ˲䣬ѸٵطӦ׷ƿĹ¾׷ȥҪǣӵñ졣
ûѧһûѧдʵرߵ
ޱصͷǾ͸ֻСӥצӵһͽ͵ģö¾һָҲ
ȹʶʷ֮֡ܲʲŵھͿѧ
¸ղźһɹûʲôȴ۵ǰ˯ⶼˡ
Ц̧ͷʣ٩ѵ㾹ʲôʱѧʣ
۶Ų֪Ĺ£ҪڣٶԺ⴫˽Ų
ʣ˭˭                        
лҪ˵ʦʲôʱѧģ
Сأ
ʦ
Сأ̵ġ
*
˶ˣ̫̫ġةҵСڲμӪҺжӪҺĻԽôôգ

 122 

лű㰲Ӧ
֪ԼǰŴ, ԺӦֻʺ͹¡
չ, ֻҪʲ, ŵı㲻
лôĶ, վ˺һȻҲûŵɵЩɻ
Ӧǳˣ򳤰ﲻô
ͷʺ͹˶ͷ¡û
˵ʱѾ˷ȹھͷǽͽȥ, ɺҴӵƢ, ĵֵƬ, ڲ׽Ųڽӽ
ŵʣ֨ѽһűлɤӵ£
л˶, Ц, ·ĻĳҪ
, лզһ, ǽвѹ´Ƶġ
ɡ˵
лû뵽ǲԸ̬, ȴô׵ؾͷ, ɵŤͷ˿ʽŲķ, º͵ѯʵƺòʱ򣿡
ʵ͵ͺһΪѵصУ㲻á
ΪһӶ˵ļͥʿ, лƺʲô
ްǹϲصѡˣǵӵȻǶùصġʶ˵۹ãϣҲǡ
һûл졣
ԼȻҲͬĵġ
лû˼ķϣʲϾһԲذ
лǶһǰԺֱ֮ӿڻ°á
ŵ˵ɡ
˵գŤͷһʣָϵĲ
ǴʱҲԹʹļƣȴĲȥ衣
лǵô鷳ˡ
ȥµһ춼еġ
л㲻˵ˣζشӱ﷢һ߲Զ
ʵĽŲԶȥ²ſʵȥФҵң
ǡлɫһ࣬ص̫˵ĵص㣬ȷеλӦֻФұ˼ĸ̫󡢱»Ҵȥļ֪ȥʱͷĶ·ĺۼФҿ½ڸոȥǴ˵ңʵһͨӣжϣڹƳ֮ѱĹż־ʤݳԹ㣬ȫҪСµʱɡ
Ҳ㳭ϳˡµФҼȻոջȥҪĶӦӦȡˡ
ֻʣµЩҲѾ¶л˶٣ѹ֣һɨѷФͼݹżԼƵļ¼ļ˲ʿҪһܽ˴֮ʾȻĹƳ棬ǲɡ
ҶѾµˡµ
ʱФҽе̫ٲȻͳФҵ
˵ǣֻ֤ⷬȷࡣл⣬һҵФҷʱдע⡣
üʲôעôϡ棿
ע⵹ǲϡ棬лҡҡͷص˵ּ൱ϡ棬ģµ˵ıʼвҵģģ̫ģСµġ
лע־⣬ȷдֵ˰˾ŲʮҪҵƹƳ֮Фңиαּдˣ
¿ɻǵФҵ͸ǷţлʵФҷдġʱģϰдһԼƭѡ
Թ˵ոµģǰ֪Фһһּܡ
˼һŵôֻһкۼϸѰҶԱȡ
ǡл˸һЩʱִ٣ֻüЩˣȺպúһӦܽФҵļҵڳࡣ
ף˸Ϊһ飬óǷڰ𣿡
ֻФǲӡЧǵĹƳ棬ӦûõϽİ
־
󵱹ʦ绽ʱФһǸûϻСɫôЩ֪֮ôƵģ
¡лԥ˶̶һ˲СФҵǴԺһЩĹӺͷ䣬ҪЩʱܴ򿪣бĶӦΪ󡣴ע⵽һǣԺһᣬȻ겻ʹãѰ˼оصǰרҵᡣ
Լѱ˸ӣͬ˰дţµ
лͷЩźصϧФԺӿķˣл򱻹סŸ롣һֱʱֻҪųȥҵһ˿ˡ
ŸֻҪѵܷɿ쾫׼ؼס·ߣƽʱʱҲ˻עֻҪѵļǮȻͨŵŸ
Ÿ룬֤š˼صФôڣôҲµġҼĶͽ٣һضڰǯƺ߰ѱ
ԼС֮ģԶöԷԼһŶԷİѱðİɡ
ͬһл޳ɵصͷֻõԺĶһһ֪֮ˡ
ûȫ飬ФҼȻа֣ͱضᱻ¶˶٣̾˿ҪЩҵǸ˲СФҲΪҵĵֻһѵˡ
плɵѡлʵ
³ҡҡͷأ
л룬֪˶꾩ǴǰȵߵĽ̡Ҳøϻʮأ֪ںδˡ
ҡͷȵصĽѾˣǴԼʮǰ¡Ҳ˵¿ֻ֪ȵ֮ͬˣϢ©ȥΡ
߻Ǿֻ˵顪˵û
ŤͷƳһۣûת
лӻôȥջݷ̫ѯЩϸڣܲܵóЩµ鱨
Ф׷ˣʡ
лЦЦ޺صڰģԵͱضûнչˡ
ü
½ƺФһ࣬лֳϿҵǰյĵ£ͬѯ飬ο
ԭǸģ߹ϵ˶֪֡
ֻʱʱûԣˡ
һ˼ͷûʲôصֻ׬ǮҵĹ֮ľͷӹɢ˳
ʹһҵ׬ԺȲǮʵ̫ˡ
лùǸúúϢͬǰһͨﵩؿ𢣬ʱҲԾ᲻ܽлʹļס
ƫƫǶΪ˵ģȰ˵Ļһ佲ڡ
Ҳ֪ʲôչµ̬ͻȻת䣬лɵҲΪ˸ˡ
£Ķһ٣žһ´ǣ֣Ų䲻ȵص𣿡
ողŴӦʲٵùҹ̬ȻȻؾ͸ıˡ
뵽лѾţʻšصԼ飬Ӳлһյʱ飬¾̲סյһš
ɲ˼ҿ󵨣
ѹܾܾ𰸣ܵؽ˹´һ£ζûξȿס˹µ֡
£Ͼ۶ǺһָҲ򲻹ġ
ʴµָڣ˹ģɹܾ۾Ĳʲô˹Ĺ⡣
˫ẮƵʱͷŵʱйºһȣ˲㱻һϸܵĺƵġ
ֻ֪Ǵ»̴߲ͬʶӣתлյ£㻹ҪعԱ
Ҳ̫ͫصʲôȴѾʶؾò
Щƻʱ빬ʥлӦзæҲʱ
æȥɡµҲˡ
֪лҲӶСл汻ϸϸĦܾЩ߾
лЦͷǳˡ
Ҫͻֵ¼£Ҳܹ黹ǲЩġֻҪϲȱҲΪϲ
һüëָشӹµָϸ˹ȥ
Щˬлƣֲ̫⡣
ҪΪʲôܹŹµʲôܵĬϡ
лȻˣʾԼҲûؾһʲôжݵ˼Ҫʱȴȡ
ĵ⣬ԺĻҲлºֲɵصκ˲ΪҲκ٣Ҳϣƫĵۡ
ĥô׼ݵذлĻȥʶʱ˿ǡ
лĶŵ¶һ˿֮顣
ʵǼ˵Ļ
ô׺д˵Ӳôֱ׵ûȥƫ̻κˡ
˵֮󣬶˶ٲƽ͵ʵҵ˼𣿡
л̾һһ񣬳֪ˡ
ȥæɡµ
лٶԣת㻺뿪ˣȽ˭ҲƲǸϹӡ
ûлûţڽ߾ȫرԼǣЦ׵شӴ¶ȥ                        
лҪ˵ʦЦЦ
Сأп衣

 123 

֪ʲôƵ, »ͷһ, , ûڿ㡣
һ, ô˵
䲻п䣬϶˵ûκαĻܳǿˡ
Լ˲裬תղлϢ˵һ, ص, Ҳ֪ܲ׷鵽ϡ
, ҲҪʱ䡣˵
ָһ㣬ʮɾǰ̫һˣʾ͸áͻš
ָ÷ϵľƺ, ĵص, ҲûãŲǡ
յľ󵽵Ҳûȸˬ, º˭Ҳûй˭, ֻСǳ˼·ϡŵԺӵһȥˡ
µȷʵζ, ֻǼͬ÷, Ҳûȡ
ֻǳ÷볦, µ˯ſʱԺ˯˹ȥ
ҲרĿתͷסµͷûһ¸ˤˡ
šüһֻֽлߣһֱԴֻȴ൱޴ţԥƬ̲, СĵؽµԼϡ
֪޾һ
ֱͦСȵصͷȥ£խҰֻǡƳСüҡоŨܵ۽ޡ
ʶãֽƫͷʱµĶ鷢س˿·鼮ղŶһҳ
ΪɡϽʥƣʴǰûʱᵽġܹȴǵԼĳмġ
ֻǵʱѰʱĿȷԲɵһɨٲٻЩʱӺ麣нѰ
ƫƫʱ׷ˣʸһ½Ų
ʱ׷ŵˣֹһ
ʮԽԽ̫󼴱̫ҽԺŬÿѵʱԽԽ࣬ͷĿֻźӰȴǲ
ʮһյҹ̫ɴ۾˯
ԵСοʱΪɭϣصǣȻʲôͻȻ빬ġ
̫ҡҡͷ۾Ҳգֻȥ̫ҽԺٸŪЩĶһʮʱҶȻǲ۵ġ
εӦǣȥڵſڻ̫ҽԺ
ҹʱ֣̫޹ڼҲֻʮңϾ˲ԲȲ˯š
һ˷Ըȥ˾˼
̫һûкúϢݵֻһѹͷ˥þĥʱһŲЪ˹ıУڵֻź
ŷصʱỽһ̫󣬵Ѿŷȥˣٵϰʱá
̫ڴϽŴһ˫۾޻˵ľǻڴֱǾ;Ŀʬ塣
˵껰֮ðΣ̫ͻȻڵ
ӦǰΪСĵطڴͷȣֳ
ôЩƶĶԺľ̫еƣ۵
״̫Թ޵ػֺһ˳ȥðҾ
̫Ⱳֻ˸顣
ŵȵ۽ɹ˻ӵĹߣФҽҩǻƵ۵Ѧͬͬİ·
̫ΪԼȫһգ߾Ȼûһġ
˶֣̫˵վҲֻǸˡ
ֵĽŲԶȥֻûԻ͵ĵƻоżϱϰ̫Խüį¶
ɵڹһӵĹ񶾵شǸӽʳ׷г˹˵ẓ́ʲôļӡ
ǱѶһΣһǻ뱨ȴ޷Թްɣ
̫󼫾ⲻķµ״ֽǶҩһ㣬ܶĲʹ־塣
֪˶ù̫֮ٶ˽Ų
ٶ۵ؽ߳תȥǶһҩ֡
̫С̡
̫ѾòҩˣпڴͷֽСĵصݵԼߣһڽһڽҩȥ
ҩζŹ֣̫ɵüۣе¡
ȴûӦ
̫šü۾Ҫѵ֣ɸһۼıǶԷеһĨ⡣
ô޹ģźĹأ
һɲǵʱһ̫ͬХӿ˹ȥʲôҲǱ̵ø졣
̫ʶҪлȼ֮һؽˡ
òֻ̫ܵɴ۾ַݵԼĶͱ
ֽ̫죬ûκ
ص̫ﲻ֪ɣܹݡǰҩ£ҲҸ߳ġزѴ־ôֵõңôꣿ
ԣ̫Ѵ˫˾⣬Ҳ֪Ķҧסֵ֡
ֵüëûһ£ޱؽذ̫ͱһ£һֱ֪ФôµĹƣȻҲҰæȥġǰʹֵӣȴٺò
ѪҺĲʧֻ̫ģԶȥֻ־ŭؼԼǰ
ţȴ춨ˡִս̫Ķߣֻأ·ʱˡ
̫һĻһ䡰·ʱˡ
ʺԹޡ۾ɵϴˡ
̵ֽ£Լݣһ߳ȥֵ
ʲô£һƼֵ·˫֡϶ѪģΪˣ̳鵶˾͵£ִȥڵ鿴
̫ʱ͸ˣ޽Ҳûл֮
ʱչʱ
ʮյбΪ̫Ѷ֪һҹߡ
Ϣʱǵڶյ
ʹķ
ӷش£Ӳ졣
תʹȥ
̫ް˵ӹ
»Ȼʵǲʮ
ǡʵͷȴһ飬̫ˣФҵĹƽûУ
ФҴ󵨵ԼϵĹƳԼоƷЧǿ⣬ִ©̫һ޴жФҵ״Ρ
ҪҲһˡص
ǧֻ꣬ûôסҡͷ˻ûУӹĸƲܶ
˵˹˵ƶϲ˵һ
šü꣬һ룬̽صȻû˹ƳѹƣФһţҲҪ򣿡
񲻶ڹ˵һ˫нФ˵ӦҲǡ
ºЦͷ
˳˼·ȥȻ򣬡Фôģ
һơ
ֻҪţͱض뾡ҽⶾ֮ƶصֻҪ֪ļҩӻⶾа취ҵټ
ˡףֻһת뵽лҲӦ뵽ֻǲˡ
ƲƲ죬ĵȻֶһ˵·˽»ϣФҾôñݡ
ʡ²֪鷳
ҪɥʼǲŵġѵﻹȱʲôոϽȥ򡣡
ʵһȥ
ȫһȴʵڵĹֲ֪һ۾˯ȥԼˡ
Զ׼ĽҲüˡ
ôˣºЦһڼҴһʱֲ¡
Сնص˯˰ʱ˭
ƿԣֻôʵ˼ţԼ޷Сֻаڿڴž÷ġ
ѹ˵ʻصظȡ´ٳȥм˳öñס˵
ʱͬգκʱռʮ㡣
ҪΪʲôǰֻ룬ڡѾ˹µ׿ϣȻȨΪʳ
Լҵıóȥб¶࿴һۣǳԿˡ
ҪʾԼóأܽЩͷ
֮ӲǸסˣ侲ؽµ½áϵϵ
±Ǳ˷̹˵ģҲʲôԾվǶʰŪ鿴ŵĮеģԵʮֹɡ
ϵϵ۶࿴˹һûסͷȥ
˵һԽߺʳ֪ζûǰôƣԤıذסµĺԤܣһжǵʮƣֻΪԼһ㡣
ԭů⣬һת۾ֱʿӶᣬʱ˲٣ֺֺЦ
˿֡ǵ´ʱ򣬹²ʵôι
ʶһ٣ֻĴް۷ʣʲôʱιң
³ĬƬ̣תƻ⣬ˣȫˣٵȻʲôҲ򲻵ˡ
촽Ѱ˼ԼѾô߹ˣɿ֡
˹һֽۣĶñϣֽӰֻƼһСعྫɵ°ͣŵ߰ɡ

 124 

˹Ȼո, һɫҴ, ҲûЦ, ֻŸȥĵﹺҪƷͷҴ뿪
ƽջʺ̻˿, ҲԵð࣬Сߺˡ
̫ްˣǴ¡
οʵΪТŸս, ֽ̫, ɵЩĻ̡̻
, ǣԼִ·ĵشΧ̯λ̣Ķߣ͹ԹԵ˳Ķߡ
Ǯ˵Ĺ, վһſȥ
·ҵſڵǼǸ߸, û˻˵
ʱʵ۱þ취ðǰˡ
ţĿƶĿͬһĹ˿ײһ¡
ʵǸЩֵĿˡ
ֻ˶顢մεҳ, ȴ͹һһʵ֮С
ǵȲֵԼҲվ, ûжʲô, ᳯԷһͷ, ָó˸ͨ
Ĳͣһ, л
˲ʱ²Լ˵ļ򼸺Ҫײϣɵüˡ
Ϣرƽǰ, һ˫γרע˿ðȴֱֱ˹µ
£ۿžҪסʱһֱ۴ӱסµһľ롣
ֱӵʵĻ
ԷʡһԼԼʱľʵڽ͵˲ĵز
׽˸գ̧ͷʣ¶Ȼ
䲻صʶ
ʣ꽫Ŀת£ϴʥƵĹ¡
⻰һڣ±Ҳ˶ԷݣЦŵϽˡ
Ͻ˹Ȼǲĵٶȡʥơ
㡭üע˹°ΣĿ¶СϷѲӣʲôƵģʲôҲû˵ֻǵʥǴϽߵģϸù黹Ͻ
֮󲻶ɱʧȥЧãϣҲơ˵
֮ǰ˿öֻ࣬ǵ˵ͷ
Ҿͻ
һ£ҿԵˣص˸ǿ
ʼŹվؽ̸һ˫ӥƵ۾ϣʱгʵ׼
Ǹڲ̾ҵȫ֮ƣҲǲܽʥƹ黹ڲС
Ҫٶȿ˵Ѿؽ»һߡ
붯֣ʹ˵ص
üʣ֮Ƶģ֪ӹϣҲҪȡߵġ
Цһ¡
ۿ˾Ҫڴ϶ҲûУֻĿĴ˿ѰһǶʱԼܰȫõĽ䡣
ȴû̶ֵ˼һҴ̵ܽÿ·Ƣõѯʣ֮ǰʲôΣа취⿪㲻Ҫʥˡ
λλ͵Ͻ˵Ƴ̶ȣҲо־ȣһʵ䣬ϽϽ
ԥصһͷһεĴʦ¶Ҳþ
ʦʣϽ²û뵽һλߡ
ݳһ£绻ط˵
ȻĴʦкú̸˼ȻûҪ˺
ڹƳ棬ȻϽ˸мҡ
ԣҲĻһԲ϶ʱ˿
ʦǰΣŵͷͬﲻԶиƧĵطҸղŷֵģȥ̸ɡ
ȴԼѡ˵ص㡣
ͬʸʦ뿪ſڣȻܿƵһû̷İ
ȿɫʦվֱӵӦҲ֪ʥǲ⣬Ҳлġ
סʵ֣һֻֽñժ͵Ĺͬʦ峺˫۶ӡ
м˲䣬ʦһ¡
֪ܶڼµɲǻᱻòסɴʦȻͬ
ЩΪˡٶȼһ¶ŵı飡
̼жϣԥؽ˷̬
ʦûκԵľٶɴ۾˺һͻصչˡԭʥƣΪ˾㡭˰Σƶص
»û˵ʱЦΪϽ֪ˡڲƾϳ
ʦֻҡͷ˵µ֡һֱΪֻǸɺϡƬ̣ٶҽܣҵǹ˴
ƫͷһۣ뿪Ц˵Ͻôͬһݹϵ
ǵ٩һ˭֪ʦϾԳԥ֮飬漴ܿ⣬ԭģҲˡҵȫ֮ûеġ
˵˷޽⣬˴ô˵Ҳʧÿɷ׵ͬϽȻȻǶĹϵˡ
˴ֹ˹¼ۣȥԱߵ̬վԵʣƵΪ
ȻͬϽ죬ǰĹ˴µûʲô⣬߰ɣվ͵ûм桢û˵Ժô죬ô졣
˴촽˶󵽵ʲôҲû˵ת뿪⴦
ܶ𣬿Ǵˣ˼صͬҲ֪ʲôϵ
һȥϽһӤڶȥֶʥơѹϽô
עŹ˴뿪ıӰĬ߬˹µָ
˴ֹп̫ܰζˣɲʲ롣
λϽĴʦһ֪ʲô˵ڵ顣
ʴ⾡콫ҵסûйڳ±һ
Ѿ˽Ҫͷκݴ
ճлǵ˴ǰɡ˵Ŵ˸Ƿñ´ϣصָո˵ǹ뾩Ҳ˵Ųˣܵ
ղŹ˴û֣ɲԺҲᶯ֡
ʳĬΣʵ㲻Լ
ֵŤͷʵ㲻Ҳ⣿ôˣ
ʿɴԼ׵˭ʲôԼͱ󣬸Ӧˡ
οŵ㣬ֻðռϽʥﲻô˼׽ҡͷʱͬϽԽԽá
룬Ź˴˵ҲΪΪѣ֪òó֣ߵҲ˵
ʥȷʵ͵ϽϽ˵ϣɲǡһȦ˻ȥ
ԭϽɱģҲЩ¡
ػҲöá
ţڶлһͬʱ±㽫˴ͬ˵һ顣
лüͷͬʱؿںµصûõˡƳ汻ȡ߿ô죡
ЦأҿǴʦȿʼ֣ʺŰͷ˫ʵӦڲ֮䡣
ӦǸʤһģΪдŸ޸ֻ֮ΪĹ£˴ȴҲѡ˰̸ֺ
ʦĻζҪȡȥģɫ˷ɣ´ٳֿ²Ƶ̬ȡ飬̫ʱǱܽϽһ˵ڳڣϸϸѲˣǺķЩʱ䣬ȴһݵؽϽ쳯ϵ缲Ͻٶˣôܱȵùӣ
лףʦȷʵǹˣʦϽĵλͬة࣬˵ᣬˣϽ¶ҪȺסҲһλʦļˡ
õʱˣƶ˵ǶԵ¶֮ǰȷѲ飡

 125 

зܱûк, Ͻͼɱ, ׷ɱ֮õľٶ, δʦ꾩, Ȼ޷
˾һ˱̫Ѷǰ
һܶסǴʦлԹµФһǱ꾩ڡ
ôһ˵, ±֪ҩŲȻѾ˽, Ϣͨ
лЦ, ԭֻ²Фҵû뵽ȻһֱδǣǶ㵽Ƥӵ¡
̫ް֮лҲͬʱ˺һжϡФһҪܽǰǱƵĽҩ
ɱ̫й, ȻͬФҼ, Ҳ˳ˮͬɱ̫󣬲δԼȷеʱ䡣
Ҳ˵, ̫ӹһͬͻȻȥʱ, ФҸǰ׼, ֻþͽҪҩľȼ
˵֮, βѾлرԨ׽סˡ
ò, һڷ飬ͷټϽշǣܲƱػѡա
·, ˰šлЦŵռȻϽ֣ظòӦˣʱ㰲ڳаɡ
ĵܰסʿס
ǵĵҹʱˮˮֻλȥʵţȻͷһҲûС
ȻǸͲڡ
ſվһѰ˼ôͷذҹ˯ȥ£ȴ϶ܶϨ˯ֱ硢￴ŻǱȣ
˵¡
ҡͷԼĲˮϲеӴͷβһ飬һҳʱʻû㲻ٵȣϨ͵˯ˡ
ֻԼһ֮յĴ磬˭֪ųѵʱͷǺһƬ
¡ͷغ֡
´һ˿˯壬һʱӦû
Ŷ룬ڴ۾ŷ֡
˸Ƿ¾Լղŵڶ˯ҲһʱĹϸϸ۲ߵԼǰʣôˣϴŵǡζ
̫ȷϵζ
ͬͨʱĲȼζ̫һԼԼִ˵̱ǵϢ
üڳзŻ𡣡
ȻطӦȾʲôζʯƵζ
ʵ͵һڹǰͣҪȥһһٵŻһƫƧӣǰոոձ£סڸķ˵Ǹܺ˵ˣչˡ
˵úַŵ˹µϥϣҪ¶ȴȥƵġ
û⣬סӦǹ˴˵
ôһλԭе˯Ĺ
գƫͷһûµġ
˴ͬʲô׽ѪԵϵҲһμ棬ܹϵܵʲô̶ȥ
˵ôǴʦԶ꾩ܹ̣ô򵥾ˡ
ʶڹǰ촽ŵһǰѾ淢ʬ壬ݻ֮֮زز䲻
Цȥʵβָ£ģŵʣͬʶˣ֪ʲôһ֮ԵˣˣҲϵġ
ʵ͵һʶƫͷԴѹѹ
Ƭַ̺ȸתȥڹƱԵǣФ¶ţܲԶˡ
ˣº
ûУֻʣСèֻӲд꾩ַǣôضͽ͵ġɭصҵҲ̶֡
Фұվŵ˲Σյġ
ФͶ·һȥǸ˰æ
ɱФңҪ󻼣ͱФȥֻС
òлرԨǽϾƵ˵Ҿܰס
ŵӦţָ˲˼ձߣȥʱƺһĺۼ
ٶ졣ʵʱʵҾɱ
źݻʱ⻬ջɵڹָǰĦһ£̿صȥ˯ʱˡ
̧۲صҲСӣҪҽ
ﺬЦĶͷǼ⣬֪֪㲻Сӡ
ʶʱŹµĬΣҧڿʲôһ˦ͳȥˡ
ºЦбڴͷʳȥĵûʱЦ
Ȼ뷨ûʱͺʶʵ˵Ҳͦ˼ġ
񣬹κοܷδú¿־壬ȴЩϧദӲ
Ͼ첻ˣþȫҲز˵顢ı䲻˵ˡҲǴڵġ
*
ʱڴӴ򿪴⿴ۣȻʵѾˡ
˵ľǵ൱ʢ
һпһعȥϴ£·ͷ˽
ͣǲҲöˣ
̲ס롣
꾩һ˼ҵżӦý˲ˣôû
ͷһӹһԼʹˣ˰ΪСҲĵʱ
ϱʱ۽ҲûⱲӾ͸ˡҪСϺüꡣ
뵽̲סͭԼϸ۲ԼƵա
û˵һ䲻õıǡ
鸴ӵؽͭųȥĶͷԷʱҲĲɡ
ûԼĻſߣʲôô񣿡
һս֮һ᲻شǰģص

ʣ
̲סͬʱһ¡
ûǰĹ£Ҳ⣬ʲôС
иȫ֮ù»һ塢һֻҪܱ֤Ȼʾͺ顣
ֲΪºÿϲ
署һʼùƯòˣܿ
һֻñŤŤ޳ʵĻ۴ǰڣĿжˣ
Ƕ˵Ĵȴֻ̾˿һԲصͷ
ʱòԾתͷʽߣô¡
һʱҲͷԣ룬˵ҺԺ۹֮ܵģٿʼһ󡣡
£ϲãȵ彡ˣξֵչ˵ˣ
̧ۿ˿ˣϿʲô⵹
̫ФϹƳЧӦҲûˡתת۾ֳ˵ԼϹֵǸƷҵҲܴƶϳԺΣ
ʾҲͻ֮·
Ȼ֪ǣҵʲôȻФҵҵФʱ࿴һ۾ˡ
Ϊˣ׷Фʱ֣һպӺӵĴŵ֪Фص׼ҩԱʱ֮裬ųҹɫš
ҹŴʵ̫࣬Ѳǹٱ·߱һҹ꾩תҲԼҺɽƵġ
ΪǣѲҹĹٱ࣬˵ҲֻС⡣
˳ź˵λһ·ȥܿҵһƫƧֲעĿСݡ
һסͨС̻ũӲؼһһԺͨס߰˿ˣ׳ڻŲȷʵףǸĲ֮
Ӱվסţո˵ФҲԺһȦȻûκˡ
һФֵȷʵѾûʲô֮ˣʺФȽ֣ûԹ
һȦԺڿӵԺǽһΣѰ˼ҪҪٽȥһ
Фô֮磬˵ʲôʱܸ׽¶ĻᣬҪиÿնΡ
Ҫ뿴Фڳʲô
°˵Ļܹϡһ¶ǵģʾͺܲþǽѡ
ϸڵĺֻܹ˺ʱ¶һ̽
ҪԺǽʱһȴͻȻ˱仯ʵĲͣ
ѵ˽ˣ˸OO@@һԲظ£յʱųˡ
۹۲첢еˣ˺Χγɻ֮ƣΧڵȻֻФұˡ
ֻ˶ҹε·ӰʲôҲ塣
ʶſФҴҴԶȥĲƺ֮ǰǣ֮ǰнľģϾ桢ɡ                        
лҪ˵СץסФҵʱ
ФһӣҪɱ͡
Сأȵȣҿ
Фңʿɱ裡
Сأ

 126 

ФҹȻȥҹ, һ·Զ׺ں, Լ˰ʱ, ;ƿ֧߰ѲҹĹٱС, ɼФҶԴҲ˽⡣
ʵǲܲץסФңܾܲФȥ˵ݡ
˵Фڴͣ½ŲʱҲ
ûóȻ, ͣФǴӱߵӰ, ڵڵĵطԼԼվһ, ֻҹ谵ּӰٺҲ
ФҴ˳ʻ̬ڼ磬ФվͬӰ˵
ľʵڲ, ˵ʲô, Ҳݷԭĵȴš
˶, ½ԷĿ
ФҵĲ֮ظѾ͸, аպҹɱȥһˡ
Ф˵Ľ̸Ų˳, ˵˼ػֱ, ·ִС
̧, ˱ļֻƬǡǡȻᵽˡŻ𡱡
Ф±¶٣ֻʣһãҲǼ, ʮֲ
ŻҲФĻֻ˵ͬ˵֪˴뾩顣
µĿѡ˾ͺˡ
ۡ
Фͬ˵ۺܿһ䣬ػһֱۣ֫ԿʮַŭͷȥԼ¡
ˣôţշתһöʱͻȻһ˵ĽŲ
ˡ
ͣסѭȥ˽ԼصüãǸղź䷢춯ʼҲûע⵽
;ʵע˲䣬Զµͻطת䡣
Фתͷ˵һ˲䣬ԭվӰһͻȻѣ͵سФ˹ȥǼƼֱ׺Ҫͬھ
Ф⧲ҲúüԶǰʩȡ
ʯɲǼ䣬ӰФҷһҽУȻǱ˵ˡ
ֻԶԶؿФҴǱŲͱһ
¼ȥĵصФңȴɿתźӵˡ
ʲ̫ФܻܲţοôһĲҽУѲҹٱܿϵФܵʲôطȥ
ֻǶһȥ׷ѾܳپߣɸҪ֣ԶһΧѾϢֳ׷ȥ
ܰ࣬һȥǱߵݣûԼݣǿס
ǱӦѾڴ֮еĹ˴
̾͸ı˼·ȥФߡ
ҲسʹȥƷӵһԡ
ߵԼӵٴϢФԣӸµؿһۡ
Ĳ²ûФұһ׼ֺݵش̽˲Ѫһɹɵ罦ΧûԸĴѾûˡ
ʶȥɴФҵñӡ
ȻФѾһЩʮӣȻͬʵ仹в࣬ȴǰнľȴࡣ
ѪҲܿóǰſģ
ʵɻõ˽ûФ˵һֱ׼ȥ׷뿪Ĺ˴ˡ
Фȴ͵ץסʵĽףʮʮľѹһ֮ˡ
ʵͷһۣʮĮ
߿Լ֮ǰФҼѵط˹ЦΪϱͱ˸ЦӺ©˷磬ëȻġ
Ҫ֤ݡ˵
ʸФģ㹷ҧ֤ݲ
ФҹǣŤشЦ϶ص¡ˡš
˼һ¡
Ф˵Ŀ϶лѵǿطļΣû˵ԺеʲôǴˡ
ϾѾǸҪ鱨Ժӣ˭뵽ФһصؽҪĶ£
Ļܷ֣ǰȴѷֱǿʲôˡ
ֻšü˼̶̼ʱФеĹʱѸίȥŲ֪ôסʵҲʧ
ٵͷȥʱФҵѾش˵ϡ
ʼ̫ˣȥ̽ϢФ׵ĵڶѾȥˡ
ѲҹٱĽŲѾߣɵšӵԵ̶ϣ˴ȥķһۣǾȥФҵҡ
ФȻ⧲ҧһ֮󲻸ģ֮ʰѶԷİѱ˳ǲ֤ݡ
ɱФһҲԼβͣ˵ÿ֮뾡취µ֤ݡ
ФҺôãʱͻȻһʲôԭ
ˣ㲻һٵõ֤ˡ
ʲٳɣ˸ͷֱ̫ǰФҸȥ
ڼǰѾл˾գ˳¾ɵļҾ֮һܱҲû˰أʽȥúס
ԺоôĿʰһȦͣڷλãԺһ
Ա߾Σſݡ
յɸ봫ҪŲ㲻ѡһ̫Զλá
Ĵûҵʺϵľعߣɴذ״ǿ¿ʼ
ذ࣬Сӵʱ㽫Χ˴Ȧ
Ŷһ֪Լж϶ˡ
һͦһ㽫ذײд﷭˳
пѾ൱¾ˣΪж꣬⼣߰ߡ
ʽذ·תǶȣֻذ׼ȥеĸӡ
ҪʱͻȻͷһŲ
һ˳ɽïܵڵС
겻޼ǳïʢںҹ䵲סһʲڻ¡
ŲԺţſڴפһŽƿַɿؽϣ죬ȴܲһ飬ɴûҹɹºڷߵһ㡣
Դ˵ֶѾ൱ʾضϣһַԱߵ边۲˵Ρ
˽ԺУͬûͷӬƵĽתȦȽȥ鿴˿տҲĸӣŲſ±·ĺۼö˶š
ûˣʲһûй˲ߣشϸ˵һһȴҪʲô
˲ĵصͷﷴһһ󷢳˳̾Ϣ
һվʲôƵϵҪȥ
ʱų
Ժһֱֻзͳٿؿڽµŵһ򣬵ȻûʶػͷʿȥͷҲصذ񱼶ȥҪ͵˦Ƶġ
Ȼ¥ȸ֣Ҳδҹ˦ʣҪôŲ鸡ͨյͨˡ
ڶԷ֮ǰ;סĺ콫סĶйأ
˵ţɵж˶Էֱۡ
ûüŵŶԷֱ۵ʧһˤ˵ϡ
Ҫ׼͵ϮɹҲûǰλһˡ
ŽҪܵ˷¶Էסĺڲ
ҹÿ͵Ĭһ治㡣
һ٣üõصѹ
ԣ˸ɰͰ͵سЦһ£ɴ˵Ҳû뵽ᱻ׽סӦñһͷŶԡ                        
лҪ˵ϾͿˣ֡

 127 

ס˴֮ǰ, жڴ˵ݲʵֹһ
Ȼ, ɵ˻ǴɵЩɴϵһġ
ʵ㲻ǰе, ûŵǰ֮λ
ļʱ, ٿȻͨǰδȫ͵ͨϸڣһпúࡣ
ƩǷ⽫ƭ꾩ΪкһģһٲּƩФΪ֪ô֪飻ƩΪʲôҪ꾩ǿӲǡ
Ȼ˶꣬ȴµ, Ҫʲô, ֻһӱܰ쵽
ͬӵļ, ࡣ
ͼôļ棬ȻԷʲôѴΪҪԺֻôɹ²һȻž֮һ
ѾҪ֤УҪʳʲô, һضССĺô𰸡
չҪȥʵ, Ըȥ֪£лʲô뷨
˵ҽͬһѰ֤ݵ, 𣿡ʡ
Ȼ֪Լʵһʵʵ, ϱʮƽ
˼, ҴԺ, Ķйأʷʡ
Ȼ, ФݺҵģҲŲ뱻ҵ
ô޹ͲҪ˴ȥФҼ桢ɱˡʵ
ǹ˴ó֣ʴʻ׷ɱֶȥ, Ȼûлʱһǹ¸š
ƫƫ˴ɣʱФһ£֪˹ؼ֤ݣشס
㷢ҲͰˣƬ̣Ȼ̹Ȼҡҡͷ꾩ұûֻ뿴ˡ
ʲô󣿡üФѾˣҲ
ȻǡնصҵİѧҴСųĺúӣôϣ
ФңФɱ
̾һټ˵ɣҲʡͬĻһҪ˵Ϻü顣
˵⻰ʱѾû˽Ʊģ˿Ȼ쳣ƽ
ͷ·Լ˵ûƵġ
ҲˣʲôУһֱۻòϾķȥ
Ҫ֪ͨˣصȥЩ˼
ֻҪʻصʱԿضŪЩͿˣȻǰµͨ
س·˵ģٵ˳ǰʱȴЩɵͣ˽ŲŤͷһ۱е
ʵĿ⣬ȻµıɲˣȽոŵıı档
šü̬Ⱥܲϲ
ˣͻϰΪ޶ԡ˵һҲöܡ
ȻĬƬ̲ŵҴǰΪȴܱ߽ǰˡ
˵ҲûʵĻӦֱǰüƿһ죬һʹʹ֪жҵû
仰֣صԼ죬ºɫۣ
ʹæģһҲץ˸еķˣȥʱüɵø
ԺԺȻֱ۲ʹĶЩȵˣ鿴ƽͣʱ磬˵֮ǰõٶ˯һ
Ȼûܵ˼Ҳû廨ߵֻһԲ棬ԼԷһĸְԼ౸һݵҩȡ˳
¶˵ֱճϰߣʱϤవűذڵһ𣬷´μȡþ͡
ȤζԿ죬ֻɫЩ԰ס
˭ж˼ָƵı꾩ǣ¶ɫοҲˡ
˿ûϵ˼ʹ۽ԼİպãڼͻȻƶ壬һͷҲû̧һҲƵġ
֪ܽڳϵоͱʺö˶˵ط룬ȴȫȻûҪ򿪿˼
ȾԼһ־ܱȵͷˡ
Фҿ˵֣֪⡰ȡͷֻǸ
ҹʿŸ˷سľٶʵǴģ·ФһʱĹҪȵ˱µˡ
ͬƽ޶µرԨлȵǶ⽫ͷδʩ
Ѧ񵽵ûһ֡һȻոմӼﱻקԺһͬǰ
Ժǿ̾ɫ˸һԣ߰ѹǷ̵߹Źֵش
˿һѵܿȻֱǱ˸ɴж˹ؽڣڶáʹء
ôôֻʸɵˡ
ԺоԼռЩأƲҪֱ̫۽ȥô򵥡
ʵǱģиתҲɡ˶ſڵСȥɣ
ɨһˣʱϵгˡ
ԲҪ֤ڹ׿ǰûȿݡ
⶯ʵںΣͶ͵ҧһҲûµװľʲô
³úܿ죬ֻ򵥵ۣͷûüȻȻ
߳ţƽʱ֣˼̧ۣԺӵѡ
ͬĿ󣬹±ٿͣס˽Ų
Ƭ̺̾һȻ
վһֱҡҡλ׹ԣһУµԭ¡
¶ؿΣϵ˼Ʋʲôϲŭ֮ɫ
κ£ס½ˣ˵ɡ
ôӹ߳ɷ˵ڹͷһ£Դ³ǰο˵
ֺĿŹߣΨһĿλϡ
ؿʺȻһУһ뿪ǿס˵ģ
°úúֱӽóһţԼࡢŵطɿü仰Ϸ˸ȫФҽ˰棬֮ɱʱǰһ֤ص㣬ȥѰ֤ʱ
˵֤ʱָУ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
򡭡ŵؽĿͶɫҡͷ૵̫µԼŮһ㿴ôЭФȥ£
ȷʵڵߣھȳ
л֮󼸽̾һ
رԨĻеõ˽˶۵Ŀǽơ
ȻЦһ£תԹµҸ²Զǧ÷ƣѾ˰ɣ
ףζȷʵϲ
Ǿ͸òˣЦ𽥱ùŹյʲô쳣֮

 128 

̾Ϣ, ҡҡͷ, , Һܺá
Цⲻ, ƶ˵ʱˣʵûҪʲô
ٶҡͷ, ȴĬ
Ȼ˵, ɫϺ, ˱ݹֻǷɫȳ˸Ϊ֣Ҳ겻ŵĽͿˡ
ڳĹ, Ҳûоù¿ʲô쳣ģ
״ֻʱԹµĻ, мɵת˸֣ͷ, ܹܡ
ּ࿪һ񡪡ȵƽƽֵܵ, һһ̫ܹôܣ
Ǹȵ۵ġ޷˫ֵ, ƽص, ܹܼǵýҵ仰
ֱûӦ¡
ʵ仰̫Źˡ
ȵҲ, ʲôرҪȥתѦһĴ¡
ȻûӦűϰԽϵһ, ĳ㲻ˡͣһصǸҶ֮ġ
һڣڳ˻鶼˱仯
ʵʵشһ
֮ʱʮ⾰µ磬ִʱѾ㹻׺ܶˡ
Ʃ磬֮Ϊʲô˭еġ
ʶ̧ͷһȦԺеˣ¹رԨĸвĵ˵ıɨ˸顣
˶һȻԼҲ⡣
̲סͷԼΪʲôһֱû뵽һȥ
İ
뿪꾩ʱ˱ʹ쳣رԨ˵Ҳƭ˹ȥ
漰ߵʱȻڣرԨҲ˿û͵ơ
ԳƵЦЦɱҵĶӣȴһһֻǾǳҶӱװˡ곤ýȥҹ֪˼ǹĲڣýϹŶҵǸ˫ϥǹ飬ҵ޶Ҳزˣ
ԭ̬ȻºͣԽ˵ԽǼ󼸺ŭʡ
кѵдһӵģѵ֮飡
ֱֱŵʵĸĬĬصͷشѦԭصİӡ
̫ѻ˵Ҳڵ񡣡л
Ҳ֪ǲȾߵͷٵش˼֮󣬿ƽ١
Цݽֻصϡ
ȵʱиңй֮⡪ΪӣһΪ˶Ӧġ˵
һֱû˵Ĺü
޷ΪϾңҲܶв֮ġп˵ֻǴǹٻͨ
ֻ֪㻹һλᣬڲΥµõҪĶл˵
΢΢һЦѡ˳϶ɽֶ֣֮ȴΪ᲻öԶһϽ֮󣬵һóһİ취ңҾҲһΨһһ֮ʱˡ
ô̲סǰˡ
Ϻͳֻ֮ѡһһʼ֪ˣȴҷԴһ֮ȴ׸˺Ȼ൱ĵؽ˶ʣ˾˭ȥ׸λ
Ѧǹǰǰ޿ɱ⡣
ˡ۾ǰѶҾ֪һγٳʱһԸȥΪܰȻ
һһν˵ȴԵ־˸ģ
ʱʳĳƪ˸ܽᡣ
ҪѦĸԸ˵Բһôꡣ
һۣûбľȣ̹ʵصͷҪġ
Ժָֻѻȸ
֪Ժ󣬹»ȿˮ
ûһŶֽת˸֡
û˲ԸȥⱭ裬ûԸʱ뿪ߣ©ʲôҪ顣
ֳ˳ǣӲװɵ㶵û
Ǹ̫ģѦ񵱶䣬ְأһСĴʲôԻô죿
ΪһӡԴֿɲ⡣
һ¶Ȼһ˽סˡ
ϢԺε׼Ըʱһվ
ȥǡ
̱Ҫȥ»ͷһסˡ
Ҿһ˵
ԭļ˶ʱҲԭء
תȥĲƺָֻǰ㲨
ҧ̣ûסٿһվ׷ŹµıӰȥˡ
ȴûⷴӵ¶˶ţҲЩǰľˣ̫˵÷ô£
Ȼ¸˷ϣõһȷеĴ𰸣ȴǲȫġ
λȻѾ֪ҵĿģǾ͸òµõҪʲôתͷעŹµıӰ૵Ѿͷ㾡ܷģһγ¡
Ҷ˵꣬˵ôܷģŭ
ǿƤƵεһۣҡҡͷ÷ҷФҩ屾޺ģ֮ϴĸƣƳᷴػԾ
лĶŵЦɢȥ૵ڱƱ¾ơ
ϲԭһһΣҩԺ㳣Ծ˵ӳصĸ
ѹָղҪʹǷ쳣
ڸո֪Фұ֮˵ʱлûš
ɵʣ󾿾ʲôַΪ֣
Ҳͨʣǲ֪ô
ǹյʲô˼ѵŲֹһֻƳ𣡡
Ҫ𣿡ʣֻסϺͳ֮䣬ضֻһܻˡ
˵⻰ʱ۾ضŸֵķȻϣǸֽ仰ԭԭشѦĶȥ
ôãͱ˫ʹĥɫͷϸܵĺ飬ɫ촽ɷ׵ģΨһ˫۾ˣҹ𣬽иֿһƿȥ
˵ģҲЩˣ૵ո뿪õҲɡ
ûͷûԵһ䡰Ҳɡɻ̧ͷһۡ
ܷҵֱ۽ϣѯʵֻһҲС
ȳѯ˼رԨܡ
лȴü˼ʲôûлش⡣
󵽵׻ǴСԷүүͷ󺹡촽ɷ׵Ӳ̣һߵļ򣬵˴ôˣҲӲߣҪͽ͵ˡ
΢΢ףһѾƣӡ
ԥһ£ǰסֱۺͼΣȷλúܿ㽫жĹؽ½ȥëȻһ
ƺһ漴֣سһ
лѾͷЦŵл̲סøոܶȥԼ졣
ءҲȷֲԾĵطȻһɿȥֹ͵ߵĶû뵽׼Աߺԥصȥô֡
ڳṦˣ˭Ҳûüס
ˤڵأûϵǱֱ۵£ʹ˶ĺ顣
ɾڵʯ˲䣬ѾһСöҩģĶͽԥȥ
һӣ˵ʱɫѾûҰ
׼˸ԼõĶ-ҩ
һڵϣʵѾǰ˾˭ʮִšصͬȮһͬڡȪ·ϡš
ԺмҴܵԣһæҲûܽ˼ѪҩȻ                        
лҪ˵죡һжȭ

 129 

ȻĿڿ, ֻҪƬ̡
Ժ, Ҳûȥˮˮ, ʵĹԱسһ
֪Լˡ
ֻһһ, ֮ڴѾáòӣ·زȻ˽ܲˡ
֪ġ
ôº͵һˣѦκԹ, ķӦҲǼ˻ˡ
¼ǵԼֶ֮Դɫ˵, ȷʵΪ֮ɱѦ
ֻ뾡취ڳĵط, ҲѡԶߵĽ
¾Լʱ͸֪һһⲻĸ񣬿ȴˡ
ʧ֮ǧʱһ죬͵ľ档
ʱע⵽ĵ뷨, ǲ뵽취һУ
˵
һͷĿѣ, סǰ̨ӵͷ˸Ƴ
ʱӺ±֧ģ, жʱһ, 뵽ո˵Ļ
Ĭǰ, ԭȥַ, ٳʱתͷ, ߵǰ΢΢ȥ顣
¾ͷҲܿǰ˵ʣεص˵˱𣿡
ûô˵Ȼص
˵գ´ǰǰȥ֣ȻӲػζ¡
, ҪʲôƵġ
һµЩʵ
ָ⣬ȥ
صģû¡ص
һ˲˲̧ж仰١
Ӧ£Ҳᷴڵġ˵
ʵͳӦһҪ˵ʲôʱͷͻȻһƬ֮
ʱסµվƵαֱصǰ
±˸ʵʲôҲֻܵǳȥ
ôȻͻȻĵϮ
šӦվٲͻؾһǹ½ԼȫƵġ
ͣ½ŲתͷȥԼĹ£ȴ˫۽˳˹
ֽסʱʼס˺
һ۾жϳжòһȴЩ˲˸ɾ
Ҵܵſڣ٣£үү£
һȴǡýʴӼȵĿ־лѹѸٻָ򶨣ҧԼȥ˹µıϢ
ţֻͬ˯һ㡣
óۣҲ֪ԼǸһǸΪü
ĻʲôƵߣ̲סķȥ
˵ȴǲģ÷ҩùƳñȴǰԾΪ˱Ѧơ
̶һ仰㻻źò˵ꡣ
ʧȥ֪Ĺ´ᱧߣȵԺС
ԭԱͼʲôŬԺͷµʻʱŵûƨɵ㣬˵ģھͷ
رԨʶ΢ǽУԵлȴʱؿڵ࣬Ҹȥһط
رԨ̧һĽȥŰԺӵľ뿴ڵļ˶
ͷֻʣĸˣ̽ͷ̽Եڹſ
̫˵ģ֪Ҹʲôл˵
رԨû˵ԾעȺڶûйϵš
ôôԶ
ѾˣлվԼ°ڣЦЦָĿڵҲӲġʦûõûõѾ˵ˡ
⻰˵ǼֱرԨؿͱȥġ
ҲǼٵġ
лʱΪԼиһ÷û䵽رԨѦվһϡ
⴬ʵѾվ¸ˡۿžҪˮˡ
Ͼ˭ܲµõʻӮң
빬رԨºܿġ
ͣһ£ֵ׼ˡ
ǰرԨΪҪԼȥʱΪԼ׼˺һ㡣
ܿ϶ԼˣҲڳ̫ķ粨뵽ġ׼ģͳͳѾ˺֡
ȻҪ˲رԨ
̫˵ôѣлʵصľ˵ÿһ䶼滰
رԨûӦлҲ⣬˵ȥ
µһŵƣҲƳˡ
˵ʱлرԨ̤Ժš
رԨعͷȥֽҳ¹ϣᡣ
Ȼ棬Ǳȥŵưɡ
*
Ժɫصؽڵ˸Ͽ飬ϴʱκ¡
ƵҪҵϹƳλáȥԼ亹
жԾȥҵ͵ȵȣܿ콫յ
Ժ۽ŻжϹϹƳ澿ںδ
ǰ̫ϵĶʵĸƺӹƵײͬƷƷвͬ붮ʱȴҲֻӲͷƤˡ
վڴߣԺָָʣסµ֡ĸƳ֮໥ڣӦЩá
ʱҲûʲôԹԣԹؾ̨ΪԺҰǿȥҸ͵ƺ͹Դˡ
һԲս·ڴߵ֡
ȻúûоһĿǰ㣬ϸϸȥָָλãҲҲκϼ롣
һ˫ûܹĥ֣ϣҲܳΪδ縺κü縺εŮ
Ըӽʮϣһͬ·
ֻҪᡣ
ԺмüҪϻȴԽѸٵ˳Źµֱһ·ȥѹ˲ðð
ʼҲʮֻԾĸӰ
ˮһֱ۽ǱϣԺӴ³زһ£дߴԼ취취
ƣ֪Ѿʮ
ͷ뽫е̨ʱѾû˰ڷֻ֮תͷ˼ȥϡ
̨ʱ⿴һĲӷϣҲ֪Ǹղű߶ʱײôһ͹֮⡣
˳ֱȥһ¡
ǡɾʱԺо㵵شӺͷˣ
£̾ϲתͷȥ⧲ؽӸڵأˤҳ˳
Ȼù˵ϢûЩҴȥ˴ߣѾûλãֻզȥʰ̯ӣһӼͷϤּٿضȥ˶ȫע
һۣʱеݺ̺ζõһ͵תͷ˴̵λá
ʱĹ¸ոմӴϷŶͷһʵ֡
Ӧͬʱս˹µָɫسһ
֪һβɣҵԭ򡢸ͬ¾ͻԽԽ⡣
ϲҪ˵ȴµĿת
˫һ˿֮ĵ۾֪ôģͬɲͬˡ
ͺ񡭡
Щ˭ºص
һ䡣
ͺ˫۾Ĳʶһ㡣                        
лҪ˵жˣĨ

 130 

ԭΪѾû˵Ժһû, Щֱˤ˵ϡ
ô£ô᲻ʶˣŵ, , ǰִųİ, ϲ𡭡
ʱʲҲֺ޴롣
Ǹ˵, ȱ, , ҵĴ㲻Ҫޡ
㰲οͬʱȴԾؼʩϵ
ڽš
롣
һС¾Ȼù¾ýš
ʳĬŽȥοĹ°˴ͷתͷ˵, ǳȥ˵
ǰ, ǰǿȵؽ˳ȥԺг̾뿪, űʱ˳ƽĿɿڴĸҲ˳ȥ
˯ʿ, ָĳ, ʱҹ, ˵
ͷ, ͫγͨ͸
ҹʱôԺУǳʲô£ôεʡ
ʱ߳˹±ͷ£Զ˶ٵǶ
Ц, ׻˳ʵ˼ȥͷЩıʶ
ʶ˶٣Ҵõͬʱ˵
¿һûм׷ʱ۾
ʾصƬֱ̣µĺƽϢشӴ˳ȥ
ڰοռЩЧſϵ̧ͷͬʶһۡ
侲صͿʼǴǰˣʱԽԽ࣬ԽԶ飬Խ졣
Ժкɬ˿ڿˮŵǹƳá
˿³ĨԼᣬʵΪʲôһֱ˵
˵𻰵ǶӲصҲ˵
˵⻰ͬʱԼһֱŵӷŵϡ
ɨۣոڵϵʲô
ǵµ˽ÿġЦһ£ŵµ£ʱص¼һӦȫǾʲô
ҧ촽ס⣬һ㷭
ļ¼׷ݵԪ꣬Լ¶ʮͷʱ顣ҲݲݿˣֹǹҴ£ճСҲ࣬ģԼˣš
˵̲ס̺ͣͷʡ
ڹµݱ¶ͬദ̸Ȼ鲻Խǰ͹飬Ҳ
˭֪ЩԹ˵Ҫױʼ¼ʱʱһӡģ
ֻ˼ҳͱͷһᣬϽСĵغϷŵһԣβŵǽƺָܻܲ
Ժгûлش
Ϊңе룬ԽԽ࣬ѾֻϵʣԺһԼĴҲأ
Աơʿ˿ڡ
ʱѾ¶һǰףҹۿ춼Ҫˡ
Ժ૵صյ糯ǻˡ
ʲô糯糯ģѦֻѾ·ˣ
*
ѦȻƲһյ糯ʱ͸ϵ˳
ͬǰŵرԨлȻһˡ
ǰֻϽʦ˴
˶˵˴һ֣˵Ȼѹûȥ
˴̹ȻسһԺӵİ˵˵ͷԼݣ˴λڴ˴Ӧ֪ݵˡ
˵⻰֮һһԵѦ
Ѧע⵽һۣʱü
ʦͬұͬ棬رԨ˵ͬФҳ֡
֮ҲرԨٶ˵ʲô˶ס
ФҹȻΪɱ˴¶٣˳ŽҲ˳
µǣһж˲֪֮УرԨڱ˵ġ
ɨ˴֫δ̫˺ۣҹ׷أ
˴ЩȻ濴һʣԭҹҲڣҾûз㡣
Ժ˴ΪΨһһǱֵˣҲֻˣܿ˴£شʵ⡣
׷˼꾩СȦòײŽסѱةˡ
̫ǰѧл֪飬ԸΪ̫ɱˡǰФصҲ̫ѧ֮һֻǲŽ̹һ룬ʱδ鵽ϸ
ͷɱʱ׷ǲĻ֡ôһУѾˡ
Ψһڰ˯Ĺ¡
Ƶһֹı
ԼֶκĿĶ̹Ȼ˵˳ѡȥȻȪ
ȻѦҲѵѦĲϡ
ѦֻҪܺݵƣļıʧˡ
ֻҪܺݵġ
Ѧսȭ˱۵׼ˣҪ׻Ҫ꣬ݲ£ҲҪһʱ䡭
µȲôáɳƵؽշ˵˳̫˲֪ʲôҩŵѹʱֻϵʣһҵҡԺУͳͳʶˡ
رԨ߲ڵɨһۣͷһ
ʲôǵˡ
ǻʽǲǽǰ鶼ˣѦرԨеĻ˳
ɵתۿ˿ʡ
ӹóĲӣ˻ȥñ˶࿴ԼҲû࿴һۡ
Ҳٶ˪ˣѦѿڶ仰оȻǳʱ˵زһ˿ϲ֮顣
ԽԽ࣬Լ˭ǡ˴ͻȻ˶Իֱ׵˵ϽʥƣȴҲ˵ϡܾҩȴҲҩ
ԣ꾩Ϊȡʥưɣ
Ͻѵʥǲϵģ˴һ٣¶ɫڹϣȴһ
˴Ҳʣֻ٣ͬ²ûʲô֮
ֻȴһ㣬Ƕչˡ
ҪϵĻҿµûһùá˴ЦŵϽߵģҵáҵүүʱ峤
˴ֻ˵˴ţû˵ǣҪҽҩȻǧҲѡһƳǰϵ壬ҪѡȻǴӹϱϽ÷㡣
֪˻ǲˡ
˵ϽɹؼδµĹ£ǿеϽߣ֮Ͻ꾩֮䱾ˮˮĹϵѸٵȵס
֮û㵽Լĸ飬ΪԼʱһ֮ػϽȡʥƾˣҲˡ
ĸף׳ྫ¡˴˵ЩƵģǿн˸ͬʱƣһ۱ϳˡ
ǼȻϽˣʥϣҲ㲻ǿȡˣӦص
˴յ̾һʥһһߣǷ˵Сù״ҲٳܹƳ渽뾡ȡˡ
ȡ֮أѦʡ
ǰڱϵҽ֮ڣ˴СùӦͬǰһֲȻôȥⲡ˵κõġ
Ժȴҡͷӵ³ֲ֢ѾʮˣҽԾûҵκҽ֢ķӡĽƣ¡
ĻԺвû˵ڳ֮ûδ֮Եġ
⣬ȿڣԥر̬ȵ䲻ʲô˲Ľɫ˭Ҫ˺£ʹʬ̤ȥ
Ժв֮󾲵ÿ£綼ʶȤرܿһСƵġ
ҽ֮лŵѵĽⲻ
˴ƫͷӦǿԽģ˭ͬ˵ⲻ
̫Ӧ˹̫֪û˵ƭⷨǽⲻģ롪
ҧסͷ˿Ѧ
˵ѦȻԽԽˡ
˴ЦһЦƽ͵Ѧֻǽ⿪ⷨԺ󣬳ǹֲ˱ҪǱˡϽῴСùõķЭز֮Ҳ˵εúãΪأ
˵ɣֻлҳһظѦṩһе·ǽѦһŰˡ
ѦȭĬòŻɿ֣ʣжꣿ
˵˴һ꣬꣬ա
ÿ仰էһǰϸƷʱȴǽϸ˼ּʹߴ١
ѦΪˣȻ
˴ϽˣȻܶ쳯ĻʵкøУߣ»ǹ˴ˣϽʧ˶ĺӡ
Ҫ˴Ѧ͹֮һѡ𰸸Ƕġ
õ˹˴Ĵ𰸺ѦȻ̧ɴظһֵĴ𰸣á
;Ҫ£ܰȡһ꣬ʲôԣ
ѦѾȲҪܹĹֲ
۰ΪԹֿ࣬ѦȥԳһ顣 
˴¶ЦݵʱһֱĬŵĶȴ˿ڡ
Ҳ˵Ͳ⣬ΪǵµĴʣվ˶ûʸ
Ťͷȥŵصѵ֪жעʵۣ
ûѦ֣õǡʵۡȻָǻʵһݡ
쳣侲صڽǶ˵ĵ£ǡʺѡʱ𣿡                        
лҪ˵ҷед꾩Ĺ£

 131 

һ˯ò, Ժ֮仹˯뿪Ķ
ɫǻɵ, ŬһѱҲ˯ȥˡ
ֻ;˯, շת֮, ɫڴˡ
ظشӴĿʶسɨһ¡
ܾԼӦһʲô¶úҪģֻ֪ôľ벻ˡ
ǹڴϴһ, ̵شЬȥϴ
ܿ촫ʵ, ˣ
Ӧ, ϾͻմˮȥʿţЦñ硣
ֽ¼ձ߻»һˮĨȥܿµˮ˳űʪ޷½ϡ
Щ𣿡ʡ
ûСҡͷ, 벻ǣ
ͷ, Ǿͼ, ЩǸƯ, ϣҪ̫ˡ
ʵ, , 㻹ǵ𣿡
֪, ҲǵԼˡüҽǵôƫƫˣ
ʴעӹµ顣
ڶһƥ棬·һʮĽŮһ㡣
ȴǹ¡
ʲܶԼ˵ѣȷʵһĻ
ڽ˶, ΨһҪˡ
谵ͷǰΪʵʱȴøˡ
Ȼϲڹµ׽֮ȴ·һʾؿѹֳʮ㡣
ֻǲĹ£Ӳֻڵõ֡С֡󲿷ֵ
ЩǵþˣʵʵѦرԨ¥ԡЩ㻹ǵ𣿡
ûӡ󡣡ҡͷúˬ죬漴ʣҲ֪Ǳ޵𣿡
һ
ص˺ʲôϵ𣿡ʡ
ʣ
תͷǣ˹µߣ˾֪
ºظ󣬲̫ʵ˰ȥǰͷ龰ĿһԺӻվ˵ҵĵسԷЦա
ȽҪĹͷҲͷЦײ˸ţؿ-һ
ʮʱĵ¾Ȼƣ
ߵǰʱصشսϸ۾üǲǺֿ޹ˣ
رԱˣګګӦûûСΪɫƫף۾ſһЩ
ЦǾͺá
£лʱڻ
ƫͷлһۣ¶ãȻ̧ͷѯʡ
лʵ
ӣ
лپز٣æֵ»ҳлǡ
µ˵ͷȻЩЩͱΪʲôֳϻ̳Ͽֱ֣׵ʵΪʲôҵ£
󣬴ǰǶôл˶٣벻ǡ
ʿ϶Ļش󣬹λ˭أ
ŵؽԼ֣߾ȫûԼɵ͵Ĺǰ¶
һμʱҲŬԼαװ˸֮ǰ㡣
µͷתԺС
ѦڲԶͬսһ·һ̱ܴơ
ⱲûôŹ
µɨѦʱǺƵİĿ⼸Ѧ˲ʱͷһۿǱסƲͷȥɤӵҽС
Ǳˬ۹ӡ
Ѧû˵µ߾˳һԵرԨϡ
رԨһû̿ڡ
رԨҲôһԲվԭɹ´ϣƾ˭Ҳةĵ׵ˡ
¹αװΣҲܽزϢȥͬǰĹ¶˫۵˲䣬رԨ֪ǧȷȫˡ
²ٺԹȫһʹ
رԨ̲ס룬ǹ²ʣʱҵ
һղʵرԨͻȻתͷʵͬ㳤̫ˣˣ
ʲÿɷ
¡رԨ˵֣ŷԼƵˣһٲŽŵҵֱɡ
¶Ϊѣ̧ͷֿ˿ʣȻԼֱʳ
ȴûϵҲô
գգۣӦ
ԺһһԱŹ˺ʣµľǹ˴ˡ
⣬ΨеϤֱԲ˵Ҳǰͬʶ
һ֮Ե˴Ц۱֣ҪһСùá
۾곤
˴ЦݸºЩȻԭͬСùһչˣй˴
һ֣׵˴
ʦЦӦǡ
Ժ˹¶˸ȫµǼǵúΣ׶ˡ
գ˼صҲ֪ԸôͻȻͽλˣ岢ûвʵĵطҲõġ
˵˹˶֪ʲôӣһʱ죬Ȼû̴ǻӻ
ǹ˴ڵλͬСù˵԰ɣ
ԺΨһһŸոͬʶˣǹƳˣǰһǹལǹ˴ʤڵȨ
˶촽һͬ⣬á
̫֪˴ƫķˣͬһϵġ
˻ǵͷǳĬֱվһ¹µͷ
ʶ̧ͷȥ
ʡ
³ʵŶӵͷˡ
СùҵĻ÷ˡ˴
ʱѾȥµĿʶ׷·»ص˴ϣʵʲôҪ𣿡
λ۹ӵ⣬Сùø˴ָָѦ۹λ֣Сಡеõ˸˸ӣ˵ѰһͯΪ֣˱㽫۹˼ңҩˣֵĲʹⷨתƵ۹ӵϣ۹ѱʹĥꡣ
ⷬߵѦɫȥɵϧעʱѦ̵ֻصͷȥһϢ
ô²ͬصԼҵĺôҪҲû޹ˡ
Ѧ죬ҡԸġ
̾˿һֺͬҪãŻԸΪЩ¡
Ѧ񲻸˵ˣŽ˫ϥϣ޵ݵ׽סԼ·°ڡ
Ǵǰˣ˴һתСùÿ۹ӵɫҲò֮˰ɣ
ȷʵǿƣЩµ۹ǲǽ̫ͣûкúϢ
ѦͷҡҡͷѿƲסضž˳Ķµ
ҪĻһֱô򵥡
ǵûʵۣҲҪõʽ㲻ɡ
һеĹ֮ʡ
ֻһػ㹻ѦзǸԼĸ׶ʶֻε׷ܵĺͯ
˴ʱؽµע˻ȥٵص۹ԶַԭȵĲʹȥˣգͬһεˡʱս˵һǧ˰ٵİ취Ȼ۹ٵǸѵѡԷԶĳֱҪܲʹĥˣ۹ƣôǿĽСùø⡣
˴ݶģֱӽѦóǣȻûлʲôֻЦݵ˵ļ£ΪҪϣ
۹һСùã˴˵
üԼ⣬ôѡ๡
ֻ轫Լ۹һ룬۱ǡرԨͻȻ˵Ǹ۹Ӹգжϡ
³رԨһۣüϸϸ˼һתѦĵص۹ӣҲֵ֪ͬĹϵжãҵĻΪһһκ󣬶ԹҲһʹˡһ񲢲Ƿʲô
µ˼ǡ಻סʡ
۹ӱ޹֮ˣ²˼˵ˣ۹ӵĳôԼֵΪΣҲֵã                        
лҪ˵һ㡣
ʱ䣡̫̫ġּǡ
ӴС÷ۿҪˣȴһ֣Ȣͬĸá
˶ſϷ˭֪̫ۣ빬
ǶΪ歽ֻ̫˭֪ţ˻ʺ

˭֪˵
໨Ʊ£
ϰ״ɷۺнݱ
ϴʫԡ
УϲһȸԹޡ
͵͵˺ܶǣǿȸԹ޴Ӳ˵
ÿСȸΪʲô˵ʲô˵˵ֺֺǡ
һգȸԹܲ˿ڵޣҪ޸𣡡
正
˭֪ڶգ޵˰ˡ

 132 

˶׷ҽɢȥʱ, ȻЩڻ, ߳緹, ۹ôͻȻ޳, ˵Ļﲻԣ
ޱ˵úܶԡ
ѦǴС¸߻ˣʱ򼸰һ¡
˴, ж㿴ʵ
ʲôö̱˺, ǧ, ˫ľǰΣͣס˶ܲھͿ
ʣƾ־ԼѵŤ, Ӳػؾ, ܡ
ƲƲ죬, ֪֪ҴǰÿǲǶҪʲô¶ܾ˵ʲô, ȴֻ䲻
һ¾֪ͻȻǵʲô
ԼÿᷭǲӿԼ費ҪԼ©ȱ
ȹ˴֪ˡ
¹, ǵҪ, ù˴ھ͵ͷ, ˵Լҵ㻰ܸ
ʣԼ̫Ӧ¡
һԲˬĴУˣʲô
жԸ¼ֱǰٷУֻҪ, ̾͸ںȥ
󣬹գգ۵ѽǲ볶⣿
ʾס˶ͷ
Ѳɴǰ¶ںģ
˴ʱ˵ԼҪʱ׼˱Լټ˵ʻNþ֮ӦʧĹʱ䡣
ɱ˵죬ʱеæˡ
ǰԸµ·ȫá
ˣåֶΣֲʱڹϡ
Ȼǰõģڻǲá
ʻ㱾Լص˸յɽʱնŹºԶԡʴӡ
һ·ҪһΣе㽹ͷö
ʹһ£µǶͬʮ꣬ꡣ
ʮĹºôǽģ⾰Ĺ£治֪Լô졣
һʵǱӦԵйȥȹڴŹǷȥ˯֮ʾȻԾسһ
һ˯ȥҲͻʣһչˣ롣
գҪƵģ¸緹š
ԷǸͨյģҲǳˣŻܸ´򷢵ʱͷȥš
Դ˰ᵽʻǵһôȲӦš
źʲŷվŵʵҲİˣ֮ԵҼ͡
շ֮󵱳УرԨлʱʬߣδš
Ѧ̬ȣӦǲķɥȫʬصͨȥᡣ
뵽ҺҼ͹Ȼͷһ񣬹СǴү˹Сġ
ǵͬµĹϵʶԥһ£ԤҼͽȥһ⡣
˵ҩлҩҲ֮á
ߣ˵ȻҲ֪ĿġԼʲô
ڲ࿪֮ǰʶҼ͵Ѿǵˡ
Ҽ¶־֮ɫֵܿͷȥ͵Ӧһǡ
ʣĹżӻֵĻ춯תͷЦ˭ѽ
Ҽ˸˵ԼҵˣȻΪ
żӶڵϣҼͳԼ£ȴûͬһܿƫͷ˼£ʣҶ˵ʧˣѵΪˣ
ҼͿ˸ͷǡ
أʵ
ĿѴԾˡʵ
ȻسʿһۣŶҼ͵ѵˣ⴦ˣ㲻ɡ
ҼΨΨŵŵؿͷлȴû˵Ҫ¡
Ȼǵ˭ﵹͦȤѼԱСһţմҿ
ʿǰڵһ¶ҡҡ׹ļӣ
ȻѾĵˣֻԼǰȥѼźá
ҼͲǸŲ鸡ͨˣҲˣֻ⼸ľ룬ʲô⣬ʸ¶Է
ƫƫ©һ㡪ƴҪֱӶԹ³ʱĿпܴɵġ
Ҽͽ֮ȡʱ۽Ƴһʵķ룬͵ؽõĶȴǳŹȥһתͷԲ˸첲ʵӡ
ʵķӦѸͷͬʱѾҼ͵ķȷһĽǰ˻
ûüʲô˾ѾʵĻˡ
ûܵʲô˺ΪҼһ¾֮ٸǳȥġ
ͬһöһļûҼ͵ļûһ࣬Ѫֱ
¼ǵԼδѪȳϸǱŵģȴʮƽͼʶ͸ΪյľƵġ
վ֮пȦϵֱۣû¡
һµʱ򣬹¾ǰԶըһ
۽ޱʶһ£ȥǰͷʲôͱʿס֫ת˸泯˺󷽡
ԺӶһŵ׵ĵ·˹¸վȽŸοͷһɾε˲һ㽫˵ϡ
űʺһˡ
¼ˤڵϡǰһԤ֪ؿס˫֣һֻס˶ͷĻ
ǰ˫ĳʵסһҲˤ߻أ첻ֹ
ѵʯ顢֦ȵȷ׷״ӱȴֻžڵϵ죬ĲҲǱʸȫסˡ
ֻôһû˶ȶ˱Ҫȥʵ״ȥʵ֣˭ȻһӾˡ
ˣѹϵһЩ塢Ƶġ
ʣץסǱڱխСĿռ﷭˸ȥʵ˫ۣ߿Ա߼ٵ˵ô
ްϧ˵
ţΧȫǱըĻҳʵƣֻСĵ˫ȥȷϣҵʵȻ˳ȥĲһȦȷϲûʲô˿ڣһ̽ȥ
һʪ֮ҲǱˮʪģǲ֪ʲôˡ
Щ񣬵ҧԼܿ侲ҿĺ󱳡
ʺӦһȴûжǹƬ̲󻺻ȥ˵ϡ
ֽŲõǰȥʵƣǰǱЩû˿ڡ
ҪתʺʱӼ˫۵ķɳʯ֮䣬ȻƼһֻߵЬ⡣
ǸҼͻû
ͷԺһ˲䣬ºëû˼߾ȫذסʵļ򣬽Լקȥ
ͬʱһĨʵĺԿ˹ȥֻһɲǣ⵶Ҳֱӿʺϵġ
δ棬׹ͬһѵӡԳԼԼֳεҼͶ˸š                        
лҪ˵д£˵£ȷǧɡ

 133 

Ҽ͸û뵽ܶ㿪һ, ʮþȵһʧ֮, ٱʱѾʽϡˡ
Ҽͷ뱬ը, עһһ¹ѾþԼȫ, һûе֣˾й˸ɾ˳Źίٵص˵ϡ
ȥ, ղˤһ»ʻ, һȴеˤ˸߻ءǰһڡ
ڿҼѾȥս, ҲһС
ʵͷḧһ¶Էɰͷ³һûˡ
֪ô, оǺƶԼӦ˸滤ġ
Ȼ, Ժžͱ˴߿һгűģ˱Ҵӿ, ǹ²ʶӡ
Ϊһ˴·˲ͬ, Ƿɱ˹, ȥʵĺ, 浣ǵ, ûУ
ʶû֣ܿ˶ԷĶü˭
Ƭֻ̣ش, ¡¥ԡ
µ͵һ֣Ϥֻˣȥи
¥ԳƬ̣ʷȥˡ
ȷʵƾԼҲû취ŪҪӦʱ򣬲еʶһ£̵ͷȥʣ
ʵ͵Ӧһš
ڵϳһ£ܿ콫ֵ֧ðæ
¼̲¥Եһ˲䣬šü˻ûˣҲҪʡ
¥ԳĬƬ̣Ӧǣ뿪ˡ
˹°Σȥϱ䵽һѪ
˵𣿡µǵ
Сˣޱǰܵ˱ضˡ
ּصһۣתͷȥը˵Ժӣ૵лὫңȴѡըӣΪʲôʲô
һѪǿȥ
Ҳͬһ⡣
֮ﶼˣܲΪʲôǮơ
ҪĶһЩƱоǡ
ƺƴıը˵ͫһ͵ؿѾСƬӡ
ѱУ
飬Ҫ뵽ʲô˲ȴúͷһŻһѪʵǰ½ϡ
ǵԼҲô¹һѪһηʾ꾩
˳ģļ䣬±ܵǰ˹ȥ
֪ԽȫʹԽ׼ᡣ
εķ֪ôͬһβͬסʵ֣Ҳֻ޴ڵʹԼƬ̣ȻϼӾ磬·ڽһһĶ徭Ƶġ
ҧ촽ʹȴ޼£˼֮ʱǰһڱûʶ
ҼߣȴһֱŲµķ򿴣Դһ˹ȥ̱ؿЦû취˰ɣүİżȻãҾȫú
¥üǰ˿ЦֹҼߡ
֪Ҫȥʴ飬ҧ屧ŹķߣԼơ
·ŵϺʱҪȥˮ˿ڣ˭֪½ָֻ͸һƵġ
ֻ߲ýŹߡ
ﶯô˺ܿϵҲؼһʱ̡
Ҷ˵ЩһʱҲŪ
ôڴŹ£Ĵָƫְ̽һСʧ
µһϸ˿ȴһ
Ƥ̡÷ɿ죬˺ո꾩ǼһȦһˮͣ
ͷ·ڻ˯ȻŲΪ֪ʹһ㡣
¥ٶȻתٶȺܿ죬ϴŻɢȥѪζ
Ѧʬͻأֺ޶Ϊıʧܡ¥ѶᡣȥܾùƳ񱩣ĥΪֹ
Ҫб£ӦѦᡣЦ
Ϊ˻ʹӼ󣬾ɱ˹¡˶ͬܵؾĥҲܻر
¥Ե֪˴š
ûнӻ
Ȼ˴˵ܽʮǰʩӵҽ֮ԽʥưȻȡѦҲ̱жֲϳ֣̻߸꣬漣κá
ȻΪõİ취˶ĬûĴڡ
һ˴ʧܣǵϰ취
Ҽ;һ֪⣬Ҳײһȷĵ·ѱ٣ֻʣ¹עһŹ˴ķˡ
Ĭ˰Σʲ˵˴Ҫʱ׼
ڣʱŹȥһ졣
˴ϵٶȼģûбס볤ﲻԶĵطϣһ붼ΪԺӡ
˿ɿԺܣòҵСùǲʲôˡ
˴˷ϴ׼ȷѰɵĹƳ棬Ǵ˿񲻰ͲзѾԤʲô
ǲӲ͹˴˼С
¥תͷֹˣù˴ڡ
˴ؼ˹µʼ̵Ľͣɫԥδ׼ȫɴʱҲòȡˡԭȽҽȡɣСù˺СһЩڲɱδ¾㱸Ҳȡˣ˵ʥ޷ȡСùõҪܵӰ졣
ʲôӰ죿¥Աʡ
Ȼˣ˴һªʹ಻ΪƳ񱩺Ĵɣ˵ûУ
¥Աһ٣˵ˡ
ʳʣҪʲô
˴һͨƢ侲٣˼ԺҪЭȡƣЪŴĶҪȡܼ׼Щҩġ
ž˵һԾüͷ塣
ȥ졣ʵ
á
С
¥Ժ͹˴ͬʱֹ
˴Ťͷһ¥ԣֱ׵صСùϵĸƱߣϴӹƣҪ뿪ߣЩô
¥ǵʱȣЩҩֻдӹȡͷ򲻵
ʯ˹˴һڴϷƵȡٱõߣŶϡŹ֣ȻֻϽ˲Żʹá
ҪСùȡعƣԲ˵˴æ˵˱ͬʱֲҩСΨǵõ㣬˵ˣиʲôһʲô˼𣿡
ҲûתӹƬ̣ǰҸ㲻ǸˣȲ·߼˭ҧ˭һ˹
ͣһ˴˻ȥ֪ʲô˼
˴̧ͷһ̵ۣӦһ֣á                        
лҪ˵ɶûд꣬һӦþ͹ˣ

 134 

һΡ
֪Լںδ, ֻǵԾǺڰ, ּȥʲô, Ҳ, űһССƵġ
֪˶ãһ˿ߣֺܿ촫˵
Ǹ͵ĸ˼, ƽ͵ͬؽ붮顣
ʲôҩ, ʲôꡱ, ˼췽ҹ̷
ţ־ԼƺЩ
㱾ԼǰƺסһܴܴĹ֮УʮԷ̣ųĹԱǰҲͷ
ԴҶ£
¡
ôһ, Ȼ˺һ
ͬһָһ, ùµ»֪
ۿǰˣһİס
˭ʡ
ɽ۰ѩһ˶, ŵͷһҾ, Ƿ, øġø, Ѿˡ
˵⻰ʱȻûб, ̧ͷ֮۾ҲԾû¶ȣɹ¸żܾƺֻؽ
û˵̫࣬ȴԼˡֻԼйļһ㣬ʲôȻҲ졣
ءһ, ת˺ڰ֮С
Ȼʶˣֱ֪һδǱԺӦҲԷˡ
ξˣͷĿĵƮʱǱڻϿʱӽ߶ţеʱΪʹòͣϢƬ̡
ϢƬִ֮ǰߡ
ȻǰļȻ￴һģ¼ǵԼƺ˭׷ԼּǵԼǸسŵˣֻÿÿЪϢ˺ٶ̤ọ́ȴξսᡣ
ԽǰߣԽܻԼǰļ䡣
ЩԭȴͻȻʧ˵ļ䣬⧲ػصУȴ˿ܺϣһҲͻأй˲ȷԼļ䡣
ʼ·˳СŮڹ˿¶ˣǰԳƳվԶǻǼӡ
ٽţŮͯŻְֽʶ飬һͷϻλεشڡ
ȻСŮ˺ճ¿״ԪرԨ
ʦͽͽܣһֿǻʮͷŮȵ۵˸λãһʮء
޾ϸȫʱ򣬹¾ͺǼʮʱ¹һ㣬еĵ⽣ӰĶǡԼ겡ʹĥòظһأ˴ƣ
Լ·˼ʮꡢûͣ½ŲĹ²ͣס
ҪϢһ
Ѧ񽫶͵ǰʱҲȷʵڿϢһˡ
ʱѾŵȫ±ڿԽͷصˣǣҺ¡
Ҫǣʱı֢ľ˾ֻܱ۾þõ˯һᱻŵİȾ
ŵͬʱµƤȻų˸ط뻺һ˭֪һ˳صøһƵģһ˻˯״̬
ƤӸմʱ¶Լŵֻ˯һ
ɵ˯ʱ򣬹·Լеһ˯ѡҲ˵ĳ嶯ǰһΰȻʱһģһ
ͷһٲĥͬӿһϯ˹µǣȥ
˼ƮãһС±һ֡
ǡ¡ǽֱ֮Ӻǡ¡
ƤȥԷ˵ʲô
϶֧Դ˺һʵ
ִ𼸷־ȥʻݣŹǷĥ˻ʵԸָʲôвѹ
յľ
ͻȫʧ䣬Ȼǹ˴ǰٽǸ£ĻӦ
ƽĶۣ֪Լ²ؼضǻǷ۵ġ
ƫƫ˵⻰ʧǸҲʧ
ƤҲܰԼ˵Ļ˲ˡ
뵽ҪԵһУ±ͷ۲ѣҪɻȥʵȴĵرֱµĶꡣ
˵Ҷһˡһһٵص˵ûܸߣ˵߾Ҽҡ
£
۾֪ôľʹʵĻίԹζǸʼĻˡŵ˾һ㡣
˵㣬˵ԡʻڿߣһֱˣȴһδᡣ
£ԼǧƤѵֱͦ
ôһ˵·е㡭ʮ⡣
ҪôңҪôҵסʳĬһҪˣҲһۣ
±ʻһ
ССƫִòЩļƣȸɱ˶¶òֻһЩʱţǼ⣬һҲ֡
˴˵ֻǲҪٲۣҾ͡˵ͻȻԤ׵ûȥ
£
εذ˰ͻͻ۵Ķǣû˰취վξĵɽ𺣱ؾߣ˫һҪ׵ȥ
뵽ԼնŵĴʣֻһһһǳһŵذǰУ֪յ㾿ںη
²ǵԼ˶ãֱʧȥʱĸֱ˫Ÿоʹڼǰһߡ
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ʧһ⣬·֮ͻȻͶĳĬƵġ
ʶ˵ĬĮģ˹µĴߣÿ뿪ߵʱ䲻ᳬһӡ
ô粽ţ¾ǲѡ
˴Ժж鿴ε˵޴󰭣ֻǿ³в
صգ̲סˡ
ҧԹһУͷü֡
ԭҪһвûԹ˵ڣֻһ²ذס
Ҫ죬Ҫأӽȼ硣Լ˵
ʳ³һɨһʱ䣬緹⾰ȥЩԸ
Ź£ҲڲԲȲ˯ڹ֮ǰȵµĿ¾Լ
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ȫˡͻȻƶ˽ۣʵ
ӵµľѳۣ˵ǲԼľ
ܰȻѹֽǰļһһȡأȻ֪˴Ժеǳɹ˵ġ
ܷܲԼ˵ĻƷʱ⵹
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