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飩ɷҷ
ߣݱ

 1 

һ죬ǸΡ
кģෲ߰Ĺ⾰
۵һС͸ǳǳۺ죬˳΢Ľëͣزġ
ںӱʯ֮ϣС߬½ǣͦñֱ
͵͵ƳԱߵŮŮմʪ˿Ӻӱվ
ʪָϣشкβ࣬оϧ:۲۰
кûд𻰣Ůֵ:ҽأ
кһСţһ԰׵ߡ
ʱղһСѣŮǳǳüͷԥڻʳָ˴ѡ
Ůߴ߿ЦǺ㡣
ЦգŮעк:㳤úƯԺܾ𣿡
кȴƿߡ
Ůͷһᣬִյкǰ:ģڱ׼Ƕ۸㣬ҾͰǶ򿪻
к˼
Ůһ˫ۣε
к촽⣬Ҫ˵Ůüëչȴͻ˻:㣬أٲȥˡ
ŮףӦһٻعͷкȴֱս͡
Ů飬ץкУ:ҵ飬ҵˣԺ춼棬סҽ
Ůһ룬ۻͷЦӯӯ:ˣ̫ˡӶе֣һҪԵ㷹ѽ
кһŮѱߡ

ſۣãӯɽ
󷹣һŷֲþһԴٿ𣬾ȥɽ
Ժţͷ˿Ʈҡưܵġҡ̾˿һжڤڤ֮עıӦ
˵ʱһͨһС˵
иӡ̵ķɡ
ͨУأԭģǸƫƫͬҪ磬Ϊˡ
𺣬ϲŭ޳Űɱ˵ֶθǲѪȡ
ȴڷɱŮʱۿһֻ߲ˡ
ⲻһ˯ѣʹˡ
Ǹдڸм͡³ҵı塪ĽɵϺжŮڻ׽㡣
ô
˵Ǳʱȥ篣ԭŮһͬǰ
ʱǶǳǾ죬ʲôĺܣⲻתת˷һԾͳɾڻԭͶŮͬɵĳ
ʱɻǸͯһȺͯ׽ŪһģѬ졣
ŮסӶ㵽ԭӵĿޣԭ˸ߡ
ԭǸÿأǽһ˳ƴӣⲻͽƵ˼ҹԶ㣬Ҫŵá
ͿʼѪСɱƷڵأ¶һŰµСȻģŮһӾͽС
һϧ״ǰȥİСɣĸ˼Ҳңǽԭ˵۸ˡ
ԭľګʱ˸ȦȻ˵ˣ͸˼ҵǸʱͱɶݺݵһɣʲôûѿڡ
ŮһֱԷɹػС⣬һӾ˷ɻ
ֱǳŮŷϲǰòɵģһԱȻͶԷһֲƲˡ
ɻͻǷ׸磬Ůˮ¥̨һֱ÷ɽӽֱŮһŶԼಽȮɣһʱǨŭ齫һŰֱŰɻЩڻ
ԭڷɹԼõ;а˷ɣǰͰǰһŰĽģɲҪʧȥϣôţɻųʱ񣬺һơ
Ͱԭۡǡ飬˺ڻ
ɱˣʼء²ð
ס
ŮɣתͶ̫ӵĻޣǽһ˿Էйһ˿һ֮ģ·ɾͻõùƵġʵڲ⣬ôôİأŭˤֻŮ衣
֪ǱӦͲͬǱ̬ɣ
Ȼļǵóʱĳ
˯һŮĶ:㣬˰᰺£ߺòã
ʱ±Ƶģզһ˸ã
л㱣ʶֻȵ塣ͷĿһ˫С֣ŵؾ°ڣһףһžСƤ۵ֻһһˮģʮꡣ
㣿ᰣ
ššü:Сѣհ
ˣģʮ˺òã
Ů۵һ:㣬ôˣǲҲŻˣ
һ˳ŮָķȥǰһӰ˲ʱһɶӭʶüͷסڱǡ
ǰһʯȵΣǰ֮ңһͬľк
к߰꣬Ŀ׹⣬һൽ粻ɫĹװۣĳЩҺ壬飬Һ
ӦǴվ˺һᣬѾʪ˴Ƭ档
ӦǶá
:
侰ҹﰾҹǱҪС˵
ŤͷСüۣʹ:ᰣ
ͻȻһ㶣㶰պ͵ص˵ͷããûŻ
ױ
ȻǸҪĶŮ
ȻӦһ¶ΡΡָָ̧Լ:
㶣㶰գˮĴֱ:㣬ᰶˣ߰ɡ
С
ۡ
Ρ飡ĴһΪ˳зɺڻġͬͬյڻұ壡
˼
ĿĿۿ޳С˵ᰣû˿
Ůô£󻹾ѾԵ˭
ôһ˰һŭݣ˵:ᰣôأ۸ˣӦñȥҵЩ۸ˣǴ򿪻֪𣿡
ʱҲһ꣬ģϿෲʮһģ壬һ˵ֱҪա
УᰱͬĸĽãĸ磬ĸ϶ʵ򴦴ոô˼룬һСԴϴװ׵ġ
ʲôõģãδҪãһҪá
һ˲ӿԭļ䣬Ц֮࣬Щ𾪣ΪԭǲΪԼڻɵƣû뵽ǴСͱϴ˵ԭ
ƾʲô
ĹһСȴỨ:ǽ㣬ŵᰶˣᰶ¡
һ뵽ľ飬뵽ɰٰ̤.뵽ǼӻֱӺԭ֣˲һ:£Լ֣Ҳʲô϶󡣡
һѷץԼֻ֣ץϣƳСɣʱζ
뵽ԼʶסڱǵĶּСɴ˿ɫ͸࣬ݶǶסޣ˲һ
ֻҪɺڻˣǾǺҧӶȫʬ
УᰲܳΪɰ¹⡣ŮעҪŮģҪ˰¹⣬ɰ
˿ᰣ뵽θлɵģ̽̽䶵ţǰˢøУȡᰵİ¹λ:㣬ã͵ҵĻ
ȻƲҪǸϣҧҧ£û
ˢøжҪ                        
лҪ˵ϲСɰղѽ

 2 

СɲҪʲôֻʾһص
ΪЦɲǰŲ
ˣˣĵֻҪ⣬һøоˢˡ
Ȼ᰼ǸԼ˳Ľ㣬ȻԼĻˣţֲܽƿĸоܻ:㣬㲻Ҫģһǹ
:
ͻͷʱ˵ֻҪŭС
һ˲ϮƳһӰٻףСϸݵı۰򣬺ݺݽһơ
ûƵһģһƨ˵ϣβǱˤֻۣоƨɶҪˡ
СƵתܿ
ʹޡ
Ѿģ㣬
飬贩飬ոո߿ӵѧУ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ոտʼȴȻֹ
ˣԾɾ¼ȡôүүȥĸٻ飬˭о˼
᰿ɲ֪ΪʲôɺƵһʱʹ졪㲻ҵĻ³
ŤӺҲûҪ˼ֻ˵ŷ:㣬㲻ҪǸСˣ㿴
졣ͺܷǱߴᣬʱ˹а𣬺ݺһۣһҭ
ԭļ䣬ֿЦһɵǱ˻˼ǮĸǺˣһ幫ȴǵֻһƲŮԼͦҸء
Ҳᰵģԭữ飬嶥ҫȴǸαƵĺĸƭΪԼữ鲻飬ᱻԴᣬҲǰһۡ
ЩͬԭδĽԼԭ;Լһޱʵ3DϷֻڰԭɫ
ʹҲ濴ߺĸǸΪáĳαصϺأҪĸǷϤֻء
ͳ⡭
ѾǻصϺһº
᰷Ӿϻ֮ȫ˸ˣҲô۸ˣңøС״ˡ
һһŮȥ¶
ȻˣоǸȰ⡢ͷ硢ůСŮ
ҵʱϺһ컵Сϣ죬εȺɽŽʯ
ڽɳ̲ϴ˸޳ȳƵȣⰲѵõʱ⡣
ϰֱ:㣬ҾˣҲˡ
:
۴ɴƽߴҷɫȹʣԡ
һνرҬӣ˿Ҭ֭
㣿𣬽ҿʱ򶼺޲ôһ٣ɱ£ҵɡ
᰼޶ԣЩǱϾǽ㣬ӣ:ģֻҪ㻹ǰңһܺõġ
:
²ǸɵӰɣĺϡ
һǿϮЮž޴˻ҵĴʯ׵˻׹ǳ档
̾:
־Լǰίʵۣһ԰˰֣Į:һãҿ羰ˡ
ܰԼϾԼҪ˼룬Ҳϴĸٹ̣ңҲͦܡ
΢:㣡û˵
üһ˫ɫǳǳͫӳǧ⣬ЦЦ:㲻ӡ
ᰶ׵ǰŹ:ǽӦᰶˣ
Ц:ᰣôѾһˣǷΪˣ˵λ
ᰴˣһ˲ס
ֵ:㲻δҲǣƽƽͨˣע
ֻ̼ǸʵϾ˴֣ǰҲû
ʧı飬һ˲Щ̣:ãСϺˮհۣӦ֪㣬ӦһЩעԼĶ
˵Ǳ
һʱʱᰣԼȥ磬ٺǷɹϡǰҲȥһΣý
ûӴɣ˾һƳ
ѣ仰治úܷ̣Сĸ͸ܿСûĸףһҪúð㣬δҲһܺͽ϶һҪŽ㣬ýúø
㰮Ȼ㲻
ܻ:ãǼң㼵ĸ㼵ҵó衣
һ쳤˸첲ȥҬӡ
ۼһŽҬߵԶüۼĵ:ô˵ˣ˵׼𣿡
һߣۣȲҬ֭ר־硣
ˡҪش˵ܲ͵ΧתܳЦ㣬͵óĸ˵ģ
ôһ룬˶ţû÷ӣһߵ⻬Ĵϡ
޴һȥʮһֵʱࡣ
һɣɭɭ:ᰣڸҵˣ
һʱŤһױᰴʮ꣬һʱռϷ硣
һŮЦ
ᰱ£ǯס˫ۺͲãŭ:Ǹӱ۸ôСһȥһƬһƬƬε
СŮ˶С۸ˣƫᳵ·
ɲǳصģһڶ᰾Ծ˺һ˲βһ֮ɷ᰼һŮ˼ҵ۶޶˲˵Լûһˡ
һܴú죬ǳһڶԭģϧɵģŮֲġ
߾βһƬʱŷ֣һܴõ涯СΧȺһ·Ϻŵ˶
:
᰺ܹίͰ;ȥ״
˭£֪ԼΨŮȻ˲ŽᣬҶ˶ȥˣŭ֮£ǽö˫˫ܣһ˶ȥ˶룬һ˶ȥ˱Ԩ֮ء
һս˵а˰һǧ
Լĸǰ¶ĿΪ鲻ã񶼳ޡ
룬ðиûἰ˵ǸеʺϵĵطǴһӣҲɡ
Ԩ֮ҲͲţǸطʲôųʱŮԲˡ
ôȫץƻ
ôһͺܻ˹֮⣬ֺǺǳЦ:ãԨ֮أһҪذö꣬Ƥá
ȴ̵:㣬ڶҲһҪذǿأ㱻Ǹǿʳĵطɱ˼ҳˡ
Цݽס:˵ʲô                        
лҪ˵Ԥġɳļ衷ղشרϣ
İ:
ˣŷԼȻһСϷصĶŮ䡣
ִֶز˵ӲѳʵƳ˱ɡ
ɣջŮʣ
ΪΪΪأ¹ͬһѨ
һ΢΢һЦ
̵ģôһȮʮТϹҪȥŰ
𣬽㲻ɵ
һ졭
Ǹϱӵҩ
򿪷ţʵ䵱ڻ
:
ҿܲشһΣҰղ
๫˵ܲţҸղʧˣֻǵװ๫һ
ʵ:޷ܾԵǶװء

ʵģ¾˩Ǵ˫ȣҲԼ벽
ŸԣȹճˣľսƣԽԽճˣ
װڻʵ:Ϊǳսû뵽Ӯ

 3 

᰹һЦ:㣬˵ඬ߸꣬ȴҪĵ꣬ߣ˵ƫ˭أ
ҲߡһеʵۣЦù:ãұβȱˣҪ֪أ̲ȱˡɱΪһƬۣλӣ
ȥᣬ֣Űβҡֱϡ
ôţһԾˮ棬ٻܣһߵ˶ɽϡ
һʱ͹ȥʮꡣ
һ̾ʮᣬȥɽ
ԣȷȻΣأɽȴʮĻɽԴѷĴֲмһȺСû㡭ȡ
һ̤ţͼһֻһֻСãһڿбӲѪʱӿ
һš̤ƹ
ɽһ·ʰ֦ñϳģж±¨ͳĨĨǺ飬ֵ˽سϢ
ɽг£롣ƽƽĶӣЩˡ
̧ͷ˿Ұ
֪ҰСըǳʱ򡣹ʵϵƤ¶׻Ĺ⣬̿ˮĵ϶
Ҳ˷ֻɽѰȥʲôȽϴ׳㹻֦
ѣûͿǰһʮ߳Ķ
Ҳû룬˹ȥȥͼҶ֮һ˫ֱ
һ£ſݻҶ𣬼̶һֻͷ
ڰװƣʮ㺧ˡ
߻˻Դ³ɫӡ
ͷƤһըѽߣ
ڵԭܣˣңˣ
һžડһίڵء
˫ֳŵأΡΡŲ˴ƺͷٿһǰ¡
һ˲ȫ亹ȴǲ֪ʱͬſһ˶İٽ򼡣
ڷΨһűͷ­ʺʺ졣
ֻ˲ƽȴһۣͼǰͬһֻ߻
˲ʱһʵж״̬
ֻĸ.ġ
ϸϸ죬Ųȥ飬һ˲ͼһֻ첲ֱ
ʱĻ˵ȻһУֽŲã˺
ߺǿƶ켣һβѳȥ
ȻܺӣȴΪ˫ϡܲˣֻ˫ִȫˣȻҲϲߵٶȣգۼѾˡ
棬ʧУȴ߿Ҫ׵ʱֻһԾͷ
һҧߵ۾ʱήڵأһˡ
ʤ̣תͷ
µڵһˣ˫ȲŻָһ֪ԵĶ촽һƨɣտȥ
ҪҪɽʮ꣬ԽԽȥˣ
Ȼ׺ݣʱΣһʱƣżִٵĲӣܱ߻ͷȥ
ȴͷƵ̫Ƶ˽µ·˲ͱǸ
ֻĽԱϵɰʯĥƣϸܺ޵Ѫ顣
֮ʱ˫ϥ֮ƣϥҲû⣬ȫˤۡ
ֵŽƶ򼾫һֻĩգҪڴˡ
ȴ룬ʱذ
򼾫һԾֻҪҧһڣǸ.ͻữԭͣͿԱһ٣˵һ˲ء
Ȼȴ룬һͷƤ£׵µģһֻɽ
ֱزֻ
׻˵ɽڲûգһʮϸȣһ˿Ҷ֮£֮С
¼
˲ɢչֱۡ
˻գգһ˫Բۣǰ˴ա
ɽͷҪѰɽ࣬Ϊձڣ
̿ˮ⾧:㰡
ӡཡһ̧࣬俫ȥ߾Ө͸Ŀˮ:ģþãþûԹˡ
ɽ㽹㣬ŵִսЩ̰һᣬȻʲô㻷ܡ
˵Σգ˾
ΪգȻָˣǵûб߳Եһôһֻ
ĺþúþûгˡ
米磬ʵҲмɡ
ºЩըֽ¨ĲȫȻڵϡ¨ײ˲Ҷֽɽ뱳¨󸲸һ֦ըųһֻɽµɽȥ
һ·߱߸̾ĴδôļģѲ鼦
صңж±¨پһ˲ɣֱ౻׹۵ļԺǽϾðһԴС.󡣬ʲôˣ
ѰһȴկĻǾ
ͷƤһ飬ʶ￴۱¨ǰȥסߡ
Ǿթƻ̰ûеߣΪھӣܾĥ
˳ߣֱӻǾ:ըҪԼժȥҿ㣬ɽߣСһ㡣
Զɣô˵ȻţϾԷᵽһ޵㣬ԽԽŨͣԺС
ǺٺһЦԾԺУ͡
˲Ǹձͷһ࣬˸
֪ԼмʹôһֻҲëԲţߡ
˵Ǳӡɾȡһ׺״۾÷:ҵĵ̣
Ȼƽȥһˣ۸ģʱҲҲЩ׼
кö
ǶѳһЦֺõ:⻰˵ģǲ˵ھôҲ˵ˣҪǷﻥô
˸ۣɽǲЩֱԲ˵ЩЩֱˣǻܷ
ӿ:ֲ˵㣬ʶĸϽ
ﻥأ뷽跨۸ԼʱûԼҪˣ
Цȴס¨ɨӣЩɵΪҲ᲻ߵĴ⡣
ʤ:
ǾС.ҪŭˣΪ˱ⲻɻЦԺӡ
һ˲и̱ڵأߣǵľܣǿɾûϷˡ
¨ڣûսСƽҪһǺѡ
¨ôһֻԲҲỵʣµĻͷָôҶ
ǶˣͨҲ¶ͬǼƽϣǿеˡ
ŴͰˮȰԼϺϥϵĲ˼ϴŰˮൽ
Ȼһסˣˮȴϲˡ
ǵ÷ųʱɽŵ˰ϣôһת۵Ĺ򣬼͹˵ϣһ˫ڵۣҾǿĽţ
Ѳɣ⼦ôǿ׶
ʵҲôôһֻ϶ֻ˵ֻɹ׽ٵļ
ⱾС˵趨ڴٺǼ򵥴ֱûͳɣˣͻҷ
ſϣϼ˫ۣ:ٳɹļ𣿡                        
лҪ˵Ҳ֪ʲôԭÿζʱ㶼ʮš

 4 

ɽشɵ˫ۡ
Ѿ⡪Ǿˡ
˵Ǽٵģɽûʲô˾е¡еߡƷĺ
˼ɣ౥һ٣˼ɵľˣǽ϶Ͳͬˡ
ǶǸ߷ڡµĺһ£ɽָʶǱȻм㣬˵еԸ
ȻˣԸǽϵĽ
뵽;÷߷ߣôഩС˵Ǹķˮ𣬾û˭
˵ɾ͸ɣ͸ɽϴ˸ɾյҰ޻˸ѡ
ɽϴİװ׾Ψ⻹ʽǾ̾ʲôףܰëɾ
ɽ˫ڻЩɵۣ뵽ˮ֮Դ:ɣǲǿʰ
ɽǶʶض£ûժһƬҶ۳ɹ״Щˮɽ
ߵ:ɰɣһҪ㿴ңľˣһҪҵľ֮
Ȼû֪޷ǰһЩĿҲĲʳ
һ룬ǽԺУԼȥࡣ
ڸɽļٿӻġСǱүүģȻֱҲүүԼҹѬѧ˲ա
ʱר־ȻʱԺǽ֮ϣ¶һ˫۾Ŀתض޻ֻëĴɽ
Ƕ˶ֶԲС䣬׺ͣ
ȻС˼ֻǸĿŵذѼԺУǵ͵
̾С.ȴֵ汾£ȻܸôһֻûгԹôļ
̾̾ţѷǽͷһԾͼƫ߳һӰ
˰뻹ǲģۻԺУɽϻسӰ£һ̧ƤܿĽǶȡ
Էһֱ㷲һ̧۾ܿǷġ
ֱĥɲĵضԺеĲ԰һŴײ˺ֱǼ
ֱ̤ţһֻСľ׽е飬һһιɽʻƼС
Щ⣬ǲԴˣôһֻϽˣι
Ѳɽ̫С
ɽСˣǿʵļ
ϡСعɽУȻɽʣûð취ֻĲ˳Ȼɹ
ɨɽһֻۣŵһ˫УԹ
̾̾תسʱлһֻ룬һධ࣬һߵ:˿ɲҪҰûҪһĿ¿ɼģ
:
ȼȻԴˣ
һŰײ˰ֻצӾô֨һ졣
عͷȥʲôûܳ
ͷһ顱
ţͯ衣
ͯ˽ѩǸĹɣͶ㣬֡
ʳֻ˾ǶɽͬദЩ֪һֱҲԸͬ
ͯ裬𣿡ŵʱֻ϶Ϊͯǲ갮Լԣᣬý͡
ͯ조Цһ˫ĵˮ:ɵԼýȥϼô
һˣ涼þˡ
ٲȥֻܺȷˡ
ű߷ѣһҪģĿԺɽҪΰ죿ԻӣǷڼңȻ͵
ͯȻǣץŰѹȣڶȥ˵չ⣬Щ:ĥʲôأղȥô
̧۽һһ:ͯ裬Ȼؼҵһ£ʰþȥ㡣
˵ҲͯкηӦžડһľţ˨
һĻܿ⣬ͯ跭һ:ǣֻ.󡾫ʰʲô˿ɣ
ŷ޻ֻɽԥ˾ڣѵһͬݡ
ʱ˵ǵ˰£ͷǻȣ綼Щˣⲻһ׶ðһӵĺ
Ĩ˰Ѷͷӣʳָ˴ɽ:ιɣ㵽ܲܺˣ
ɽ¶ȵģһֻʳָƵŴܵ΢ֵ:ɰҿûж㲻ܣֻҪҪš
ˣҽס
ڿɲк²䲻ɽܲ˵˵Ҫ˵ýɽ֪ľˡ
˵˲С¨У˴󣬾ֱ˻Ǽҡ
һ裬˸ղԼԺУɴַһͷҪš
ţǲζֻʼû˿ˣ
иëʱ˸ͣƵ˿ɲǰӭЦ:кιɣ
һ̸֪ʲô˼Ǽۼ⣬ǳһ֣϶Ŵء
üһЦ:ǣҶԲס㣬ǶھӣҲöǰס
ۼŻǺɵһ˫۽ɨ˱飬ֵ:Ծ㲻סⲻҴȥڼУȥɺã԰ӡ
ʶܾ:ˡ㺮ᣬӭҡ
ϻˣô͵ļ
ЦǰһץƤ:߰߰ɣҶھôﻥ
ſҪܾĸܾĻᣬһѽ뱳¨Уŵ:ڵģģ϶ϲԡ
ǣķ߷ߡ˵أʼ
ƿ:ҲҪڱ¨㽫ҷ£ͬߡ
֪ƽʱأȻƽ޹԰ӣǾֻһܡǷļˡ
Ȼˣ˳ɾ裬ʱӷʼ
һ˶ͷ˽һʱŷɽм
ûлҸǶΨһı
ԵĻжԷﻻ಻еľ
ڶκòֻÿͰڵߺȣֻĶȥ档
СĺܣƯһֻһⲻûþþ⡣
ŵԣ˸ڵĴӣǽӹӣĵĺҲһֻ˽ﵽû˵ǽǴ
úЦȻթƻԭίʵɰ
ſɰÿĶ鲻Խ
߹ͻȻһֻ̯ǰ塣
࿴ۣͼ̯ϰŸֵƿƿ޹ޣһʱ棬˹ȥ:ʲôѽ
󾫴˿̴ڰ˰״̬۴Ҫ¾޴Ķ:Ͻҩ
ףˣվָܻνҩ漦ߡ

˵ģšպ˵֡
ָָϵĴɰСƿ:ҩΪ̫Ͼɻգ˵պճһңҩһϣָܻҼϸ˳
˫һĸȤ:ôٵİ
Ⱦ޶:ɽ壬мթ
ŵġǽģ:
ָͷ
죿ԽܣЩˡ
еϵĲθ:˰ɣ꣡
ֵˡ
꣬ٲʲô꣬ǿǣööأǱൽõҲ಻
Ⱦߣײͯ衣
ͯɲ֪ʲôţֻۺЦȥ֬ˮۣͷߣƵ:滹ûأҲʣʲôˣҾͲˡ
õľܾͯҲգԼ˰ʱڼڼ̬ȥ֬
ﻹƿֵҩٿȻɽĳ򡪡
Ӧò۰ɣѾ׽ٵļˣǿ϶ۡ
롣

 5 

¨װʮʮ棬ѹѪ¨ĽϿֻǾأҲûյúۡ
س̵ʱ·󾫵̯ӣΣ˹ȥ
󾫿òԵĴкҲ飬Ͼ֪СһǸ
ҿ˿עŴ䶵һ飬ٵǰ:𣿡
һԼϴԡͶʸ߻رãеãûʲôòȥģ
󾫽ӹ飬Ȼһ涢Ƭ̣:ģ
ΪȶСҪߣһ۾ܿǰСԭֻܣһֻôӵϺ飿ʶʳɻ
ﲻһץ:Ҫͻô
ͷ:
ԴȻһôţԼ˿⣿
üͷ΢ҪڣһѴù飬ֽ̯ϸҩһѣ𣬷ãڵ¨С
һ׶ɵˮȻѸʹ졣
ȴȦδ񣬴󾫾͵:ɽб˳ԿҩǶģ˵á
˿յ̯ӣ:֣ɶôãҲռ˰ɣ
治֪ԭԼôֵǮϾֻ̽һ£ûʲôϣ
Թһ֣:Ҳûãûãϲϲۣ
Ÿӵе˼ڣһţ±¨ҩһƿƿĿʲôͯפաԪ
ȫúܡ
ͯӼг۱ŵֻҪ˶˹ǣƽͬһţòƽƽԭǿ˵ĸ.󡣬ͬһ۷ʲôķͷ
ƫƫɵǳܣˣ͸Եš
۲תϺЦ΢΢յ࣬:أ
֪ͯŻҪĿ֮³
ȻŵÿһЩһͷԿֺǺǵվ
Ϊ׵̫ãһ;ǰһڣʶסͯϸ:ͯ裬ǳˣкö㡣
˲֪ͯúܣиʲôö
һ°ȻﶼЩȸԾ:ʲôѽ
ͳֻƿĸ:˵ⵤΪ̫Ͼפݡء
ͯ谮ֶȴҲûʲôáһղ˾һտòʹ̵ٶ࣬Ҳá
ͯȴһЦפյ:Լðɣҿòš
һ
Щ
ͯ跽ŵƲڿЦ
ǡȡЦ
ͯɲ֪һζʲôֻһ״ĸ첲:߰ɣ۳Ҫˡ
صɽԽͻ˼ҡ
ϡǵû˵˼ɽһûʲôӣƫƫպɣһͷɽϡ棬סͷòһͬͷֺ
סβͣһﵽ˼伯棬żಢǶͷǸģͷȷȷʵʵģ
ǰûڲѣɽչŬģѶͣҲ졣
һŭ֮£ɽ˼ֻɰͯձ㱻ظɽ
֪òִҲԼͷģԱԥûԥ֮ǰӱ¨﷭ͯһ˫Բ:ǣ⻹ͯ˵̫ϾҲöã֮Բˣ԰ɡ
û˵ʵǿ̯ǰһУõģҲʵڲ⡣
ʱм̯ΪĶۼ۸߰˹ˣֵôߵĶһŵСܣô͸ˣ
ɲ:ҲҪ
Ų˵һץСצУֵ:Һ㣬ŰɣҲʲôʲôûСⶫûãǶңء
ʮĶתĲԳأ߱˵:ͰŰɣڲҪȥҼ͵Ͳصˡ
Ǳ˵һ죬߬СƿһԲ
֪ģģսĶǳ飬϶ûȻȥ͵˭Ƿˡ
Ͼƾ͵ĶҪ
˻֣Ҳ룬صж𣬻ˡ
ϥĥ˲Ƥһɽ·类ˮ͸ţץֲץֻĦԱһƤתһʹ
ʱѾȫŴ谵͵ƣһͷͼ룬ɽ֪ʱֹ˵ϡ
Ǳһ⼦뷿ģƽºǰɽ޻ϡ
ɽǽڵĳ⣬ȻҪģӱ¨﷭ɰСƿ򿪣ȴʢǳ͸״ҩࡣ
űȥţǵǵ̴㣬СָָЩϸµظɽͿȫ
ɽȴֻͿ˱һ㣬ʹǺСһƿҲܹá
Żʣµİƿҩ࣬һ룬ϽҩȻֻˣЩԼͿϥƴ
Ҫ˵˼ǼֵĺöôͿûһᣬ;ϥǴһĹ˿Ȼָ
Ǿٹ͵ȥɽĵƹ£ɽᴦĽȻȥλȻǳɫë
ǳɫۣмǻƾǰٲǺڣɫ
Ҳû룬ɵļɫЩҲѰ
æһ죬۵ö붯ȴţͷᣬһӺζ
֪ľȥһ£Աչˮϴ衣
ʵ̫ˣҲһʱͰ͵سɽ˫һ˲˲ĺ۾
л㱼ͼɽգһۣһ飬ŵۣǰ˴գʱãĿת
ֱ۾Щɬȷɽٴգ۾
æ:ɰǲҪˣɼסҽľˡ
˵ЩҪĿ̫ǿҲû취һɽ˵Ϣһڣȴˣɽ˾ˣ벻˭ȵģǲǰôٵӾﶼôݵģȵͼɲ᷸
ȻɽֻգգۣûʲôʵԶ
Щй
͵ʰ˽һʱŲʪͷصݡ
Ӳͳ䣬һסһõ
Ѱ˼ŰɽﶼʣΨڸǰáɵ÷ǻǡ
ôһͰɽϽЩһ＾ҹﺮɽŽһëůɷµظ˲¡
һ죬ⲻմͷ˯ˡ
磬뵽ԭʵʵ޻Ĵɽ˶Դգգ۾
ܳٵڶɱ
Ϊ̫ʹ࣬ʹýʹ졣
ڣͻȻˡ
лҪ˵ϲղѽղأҵĶ

 6 

С©һƬ¹⣬ܳڵһСѣȥľ£վʱȻһݳꡣ
Ҳ԰ףڣڴһ࣬Ŀⳤõ䵽Ů˯ϡ
Ůѹԭòʩ֮ΪеĿŮݡ
ͬʮǰû㲻ͬſ˫ۣôһ˫ÿ۾ض鶯Ĺâ
ֻǸƭӣûôãûг֡
ܳٵıӰұ¹⡣ָϸݵ֣޳Ĳһ˲Īķꡣ
ҪҪسŵƭӡ
ŵȴӲ֡
Ϊʲô
ǵ֪ԼݣҲԼԼԼ
һʼͲö¶⣬ǰģҲǰϣˡͲһ
ܳջûȥ֣԰ϸݵָ们£һ·Сۡ
һСĻȥȻɲˡ
ʱԵ㷹ƴس
Լһ㣬ҲͻϲԼһ㡣
ʱ֪Լܿ˻Щʳڳʱͣħķɡ
ʱʹħķɻͬһգķθͼըŻЩƴʳȰǱ
ڵ͸һ˿ȻЩϴ齣ֱۣų˯ȥ
־һƬëƮƮƣ䵽ࡣ
Ϣ

һҹߣʱϵǸΡ
ʵǸΣһܾġ
ϵΪᰴܣϣҲʱּ·ɣ
ǸȴգСɱ񡭡
ڡϳŻѪĻڡ
зҵͯ꣬ں֮࣬־ԼСն尾
зϷݺܴ󣬶ͯҲܵĺϸ
˵ǣͬͬĸ츸ֵܡ
սĸ˾֮ӣ
ɺսĸ׽ܲסһΪױ𣬸ճӱħ֮ûɣԼҺħħȡ
ħǸģħȴް⣬ȴҲôˣħһǻлħǿȣ֮ɾͳˡ
ħδעħ֮Ѫǣħÿһɽ
̥ħǣìܣÿÿħǿʢײ֮ʱᵼħ綯ˮɽ𶯵ҽ⣬ġ
Ϊ飬Ϊħѡ
˱֮׵ʮּɵ
ֻ֪Ҫ뿪ħ磬㲻ǣħ硣Ƿɱ㱻磬
ҲǸģһû˵ҲˣȻ󣬿Ҳδõĸ۰
ŻǸС޵ķɣ޴룬ΰᣬηҰ
δ׵Ϊ²ȥǸޣȴϧüþ֮죬ɸҶаֲ
̥ħǣɷħȻòŴױ㱻Ʋܾ䳰ߣӺͯÿÿ磬Էȭ׽Ūνһ˿ذδ
뵽˯ȥˣվ鷢չɺ֮ԻܻŽ¹⣬᰻Ű÷ɺڻԼӶӲж֮ͬϵ
¹أҲһ͵ĸˣֻҪͬɺãպζ˺ġ
ɼƻϲϱ仯˭뵽ǰűڷǰˢһøУžͱ˶룡
һ뵽һ磬һСĸξͣҲ÷ûа¹󵽵׻һʲôˣ᲻бİ¹⣬᲻ỹǵԼͱǵãֻǰˢһøУɴû˺
˫ֺʮ˰죬йԭۡǡѪȳһ˼£׼𴲡
һſ˫ۣĿһֻյ޻ѡ
ҹ˯óĴȻûҹ˼ұŸ첲˯һޣȻˣҲû
ƿӣ´һ˫ԲڵѰ˰춼ûܼɽӰ
Ѳˣ
žȥŴȴŴ˨ģǡ
أ
յţɲǱ˵ɣɣҪȥҪߴ
ⲻļˡ
ôһ㣬ЩģԴصߴЬָһأͼԼǵǴ¹һ硣
ɣһƿͼ봦һֻëɽ
Ȼй룬ɽĵһ̶ۣŤͷȥԴ˯
:
ʲô
лҪ˵졭һС

 7 

˰Σ˿Ļܹ˵˴Ьһ˫ۣŴյɽ࣬˻ǿ˿:ɰ
һ˫СðԲ󣬻Ȼɣ˿Ŷ๴ţ˰Ȼһɣŵ:ɰ㣬ǡ
˵ܵұģһô˵ܻмɾ˵ռˣĿڵ:˰
ܳб۽һ飬ŮδᣬЩҵĴɢڼղ࣬һ˫ԲֺúС
ܳзƣ뿴
۹⿴ͬ۹⿴ˡ
ɲ֪ɽǸʲô˼ֻɽͷ̶ۣذŤͷȥ
ɲɽǲԼҪαԼĶ飿
ôһƤ񣬳ǰִ˴գٺٵ:ɰľˣأ
ɽһ
һĵ׷ֹ⼦ò˵ɣ˵һֻͨͨķ
ѽѽҪǷǿɿȥˡһᣬɵ÷ϴˣ
ͷ¶ͲԾüͷţֻȴҲûã˳ˡ
ûɱοôһֻ϶ðգ᲻߶
ֻܳŮȴ֪˼ᵽҪˡб۽һͼŮšһ˫ǳǳüһΪѵģ
Ϊʲôأ
ܳٲ⣬ȴм:׳ա
ġ
ȴһ飬ʮ˷ܡ治ֻͨļ
һ룬˵λˣ:֪㱻һɽֻҪ㣬ȴҽŽ¡
治Ĳһĺ˵˵
ˣСѣôˣôˣ
˵ɽشȻɽԴãȵЦݶˣûҪ˼
ֵ:Ϊ˾㰡һİأ
͵˵һᣬǺֹİ
ܳͶĿ:ϵң
ʵһ㶣漴ҡҡͷ˵:ְʶԵԵ֣İʲôء
ǣʲôôԵñҽ˽
ܳһͣŤͷȥٲ
İʲôһƼˮİˣǿ󷽵ĺܰ
һȤǸεʱ򣬶ȴǡʱ˵ġཡһɸһЦ:֣ǰڣҲǶ˰ɣԵȣȥ㱸緹
˵Ьӣһ˷䡣
ոճݣڴڵ˳͵ۣͼۺĴɽάŷŵĶʮ̹Ȼضڴϡ
һûʲôԼϣװͰ͵ģһԼӣ
ʲô˵
ֲǷģȻϽȻ
ôһ룬ƽ˼ҲȫϽͦˡ
˿ֵʱһ̣ͷºͣϴһȥ԰ժŰײ߲ࡣ
ò˵Ū˵ı»ǲģϾʱүүһһƬ԰ηˮ²֣տŶˡ
԰мŵĴײˣһĨɫĴˮ飬ֻۼ⣬һ̤룬ͼϵһŰײˣӸϿʼץˡ
д˼ɻ󣬽˿צۣĹġ֨һ
ҧҧǣ
ȻĲ
ժǿŰײˣĹȥ˳
æ˽ʱۿһŨ๾ཹལŨݶˣץιӣ˵νȥ
һͥԺͦƫϲһŰʮ֮ʣƣʮۡ
緹һ㶼ãӳһŻľСֻʢһ࣬úãҲ㣬̿ˮ룬ȡֻС룬СԲʡ
ɽڴϲŲֺʱֱ棬ʪȴдֱ˸飬ֻʮֶġ
׶Լĸ飬ֻͣζϣ
ǻȦʡ
ְ˳ԣǸ֣һٲԶûšҲ˰ɣ
ڵؽһ߲ŨɽǰƣһڣҲ⡣
Ȼɽû
Ƥӷûһ¡
˻޲һѪϼܿ
ʲô㣬ȴǷ㲻ɣ
˿࣬ʵĿն룬Ҳǣ˼ɼôƲʳڷҲʵѰ
ɽƢãرһͲֻ֪ͼĺü˵𱨣ˣ
ôһһ˲йˣ͵ԼæһϾ˼һʼҲûңһʼ˼š
֯:ְҿҲͦæģȻѿҲǿˣ뿪뿪ɡ
ܳٷ˷Ƥд˲ʧ䣬ȴûʾʲôһĪķơ
ߡ                        
лҪ˵Ҳһ̣һ

 8 

ûش𣬵һ飬Ҳ⼦ش𡰲ߡ
Ծֻһֶ룬һִף죬Բ:
ɽ㵵Ŀ֮Բʣһ˫ݳڿݲƽʯשϣ˼
һԵӣм±ơ
ֱźëɽըһ⣬̶㻯һĺꡣ
ɨ̧ۣͷ졣
ˣӲšžડһشС
е꣬Ĺ֣΢΢ݣɫ԰͸
ʱſݵı΢΢ͷĲŵɫ硣
ҴȻˣ
ģȥʮ꣬ȴһӿУ
ղһ˿縧΢΢ףһۣҶͬ۶ˡ
һۻްѹȣžǧ֮ĺ⡣
ûϢصµӡ
ֻ̾Ҫò
ɣѾķôˣ
ĪţĪţڿǱʩ˽ģ˿Ʋԭԭòܰȫң㻹һģǷҲûڻأɥĲ񡭡
һ飬ӸǶظԼ裬ɽ˼ض̮ࡣ
иBUGɼǵ
Уԭữ飬飬ͷ֮Ѫɵɵͷħĳͻ
ԣΪҷ۵ԭŶԼڷħʱԥشᡢͷѪ
ҿ
ĵ۰ֻضҪҪˣͷѪ۰꣬Լ۰
Щ㣬ȫȻǵĺãֻųʱƮƮһƣͽԭۡǡ飬۰ݵİ
뵽һ㣬ʶ³һ仰:ңңֻ.󡡣
ʲôˣʲô˰۾û˵ûʶ
ܳ:
ɱ絶ңŵŲ˰벽굥Ӱһ˲ͽһźӰС
һ˫ڵۣϢ
˭꿪ڣѹüͣġ
ɬ̿ˮһ˫ǳüԾ𡪡
˭
ʵ˭˭ˣ

нһŴ󣬴·ǿǳɫ룬԰Ƥ£ϸ磬ԼͫУǸġɪɪԼ
Ϣˡ
ġ
Ѿģǻġкķɡ
ЩԭĲҽ֣˽С˵硣
ھ֮࣬ЩڱصõģΪ֪һжġ
ǿ˹ҵġ
˽顣
ʮ꣬ԽԽò׼ˡ
ÿ˶ǻģѪ⣬ʻ
˶Ůܵİι˭ԼҪ鰡ι
һˮ̧֣ӲҼ͵ָͷ:㣬˭
档
־־塣ۡ
ҿ
˳£ȱȷŸء
Դ̲סˣ˻:˭֪˭
Ȼֱֱ˱ıġŶ
ţ:ԭʧˡ
:
ʧ乣ôѪôôǵԭзʧ䣿
ѵΪûа¹ȣԾ鷢˱䶯·ʧ䣿
౻ùĶͷü˼
滹һֵ˼⡣
ĬȻδȷķпܷ׺ݱŰĥ
Ƿ𷴻ΪͷһĨĥİ¹⣿
ֻԼΪԼΪԼ
ָ߹
ָã
ֵָڴ
ɵúúһ롣
ܳٲʲô˼ֻɫб۽һͼüͷһׯ˼ģ
ܳһ˲ķ꣬ȥһüƽһ
ܳôţָͷ鲻Խؽ˽ֲԸ֣ϾղƮƮһӣһ˲۳ᣬܲŴ
򶼳Ųסҳƭ
ƭƭôԼƭˣ
ܳԾţûע⵽һС£ܳëµ˫ͫߴﹾת˼ת
Լǵãз֮ԻᱻŰôңȫڰΨһϣ
Լʹһֱƭĸ飬ٽֻ֮Ϊܸӽһ
ʱħģȴҲֻǳԭļŵҩһһⰮᰣ˺ֺйһԹԡ
һ˲ͨ͸
ʧ˰
ʧð
ʧʲôǵ˰ǺһСĹİݶȣǳİ¹⣬ͲܶԼµȥ֣
ʱ򻹲˵ʲôСʲô
ôһ͸Ҵ󵨵̧ͷȴڽӴĿһй
ҪˣҪˣǴɰû鶼߲ȥ
ˣٶȥͲˣ̽:뵱꣬ȥ磬ײһģÿСкȴܲҡ
˵С۲ܳٵ飬Ѱ˼ǿǷһƬӰû㷴Ӧ
ȻȷʵУֻһ̶Ƥһѹһ˲¡
Сĸôһܳپ̧֣֡۵һͷ
õȱ֮ǰҪأͷ۵ֱ
ҡڣ̲ĳ䡣
еľȫȻܳٲ׽С
ǵ˶һ
Ȼһ
ͻȻܳٿҲǻŵһѾģ߳ݼܱƳ
󾲣˼
֮ԻΪ֪Ǹʲôˣδʲô£ǵ£δδʲôʧˣľûԵɵġ
ңһζӱʵ򲢲ܽ⡣
ԭͬΪᰵĹϵϦദԭҲʵѰڶΪСŵδἰĶ룬ôţǲɱ˷ɣ
ԣӱܲܽ⣬ôֱ⣡
ֺô˵ҲˣŪһʧСɣû˵Լǵˣ
һ룬ҧҧ´ƲһС죬̧
鲢ï:ʵʵƭҲǶľˣʵʵҵľ˰
ܳٴ
ͫڣһеĺڰУƵһ·𿴵ԼҵĽ
ץܳ۽ǵֲɵһɣһ뵽ڲΪԼȡպɺڻⲻͷѪ˼Ľ֣ҧҧ߬:գɽңұһһ뷢ѣ˶Я֮ƣŽҼһ
˦մմ۽ǿ־ˮԴǿ:ԣȻʧȥ˼䣬ⶫΣأɣң
һ˫޵ɫͫһˮУγ֮಻鶯ܳٿü塣
ǰһֳ̻ʮֿ־ӣΪʲôһ̣ȴ㡭ֺã
˵˵
ܳأһЦͷƤһը:ģҾԸɡ
һⲻԣﲻԣ
ҪĽǾﲻԡ                        
лҪ˵:ңţҲӦãƴһȻΪѵĴӦ

 9 

Ȼ˿⣬ԼܰԼ˻ӣһǽ֮ȴ紺Բúܡ
ҹǵһƿͯշתޣǾûǷ⣬ͷʵ׼⻹ͯҩ
ֹǵ赹빵ݺģʮںɫԲ裬һҧһţһڡ
ڻ
֫ٺһ˲ע֣߬߬ĴֲƤĹ֣Ȼǳ࣬ԭΪ϶εָҲǵ˴Ļչ
ŵֱֱչ˼¡
峿ͷڵһĨĺӰֱᣬ׳
ӯƲסĻϲ棬桭Ҳñ߲ưܵ
˿Ǿɿɰĵ裬ĺ»ףһȫȻС
ҪᣬǷģܹ˲ҶƤҲܹǵĲֵܹ䳰ҪǶᣬ
к־ҪıԼҪЩ۸ֹĿ࿴
һʱ֮䣬СԺ⣬
Ȼһǽ֮ͷǶ·һ̣Ҫᡣ
ڳ۴ƵʮָͷˮذǼֻҪϴõԵĴ롣
̽Դ˳ŷԺѰĨɫӰȦҲˣԴֻԼǸΪĴ󱿵
ǸԴпӵӣûܸԼλʱ׼ڻĴ
ۿ⼸ֻ׹ϴ޿ϴʮֲԸؽ̳ʵʵ
򵥵һ׶ľȫƻعһ˫ԲĴøԼҵɡ
УǱɨıĵ˳ȾĹ̨ˣˢĹǻȻһ¡
ܸɵĻֻһ顣
ʵûа취һ̤̾
ʱֵ£峿ؽҶδüɨ
ĬĬ²ӣֻ̧ۣ£굥Ӱμ䣬һҡҡǿݵҶ
һֻݵ䵽굥ƤѻɫĽëĲ˲ü΢΢£
Ƶļһ
ɫ԰ףƤϸ壬һ㣬ֻ˾ֻҪһ£ͻۡ
򴽣磬ûһ̣ʵ
ʵľ¡ʵۡʵľᡣ
֪ľУСɻκڻڵһġȱġʹС
нӣ̧ȡ۽ƬҶ
ҶȻס
ҿڸķɣܣԷûаָ飬ǾƲܹķɵġѲıܣ
ǲƤڵһۼãִûüαװ
ļȻһ顣
е㲻ԣԼ군ˡ
ʹȫ֪Ժһʲôˣڣ
Ȼϧ
ŮĸԱܣ
˵ԭԷɰıܣ
һָҶδνͣͼãȻһʱúʮ㡣
һ߬ס˼:ʲô
ֱֻۣ߬û
ͷոǵĸԳ嶯ȫ
˲Ȼ屾ܡ
Ȼ˼ҲˣֻƤһɣûص:ҷſ
ܳٲ
:ҹҪ㣬ҪˣҪҪԼڼ
һãɣû֣һѩ׵ʮ۵ļۡ
ƲƲ:ôľҪɱҰ
ܳٲ
һ˫ڵͫһ˲˲ؽţ۾γ۵ǻԣһһġ
࣬źöһҲ롣
ЦЦ:Ȼʧˣ϶ǲǵԼ˰ɣԺҾͽΣ
¹⹥ԵһϵǶ˼ϵƩȡ֣հ׽зĶ
£
ܳ
:££һ̧ͷ㣬ҹ
ЦţüĿϡ
̧ܳ˱ļ磬ׯص:£ģҵĶһչ˺ġ
ܳе㷴Ӧ
һ˫Ũڵü״ÿĴҲš
֮ǰķӦ֪ģ֮ǰִΪֺģ
򴽵ʱվͻἷһСѣǿСѣ鲻Խָԥ£ûס.󣬴˴
յһĳ۵û⣬ȥָֻغá
۾Цᶨ:ģһرãñһȦ
û˵Ҫ⣬һ飬̼ǵԡ
Щ޶ˣ󶼴δùκ
ȱˣǰͲ
ģΪϲ˱˽ⷴɣԼ
ܳؿƬ̣ɫӣֻղ౻ĵط񱻻ǹ¾þòɢ
ȻҹָÿһƤϸᡭ
Ө׵ĶȾһۺ죬ȴҲ֪ΪΣ˱󣬶Ա¨š
һüţ˿Ѱ˼ԼűֲСɰζ
ܺãһһȥɽ
յľţû룬ֻԵʰ֦
ɺݡݵÿʵͦᡣ
ᵽɲܽӴκδʳΪħǣֻҪͻṴħˡ
ħ绹磬ֲﶼģֲĶҲģܽӴ㷴ɲ֪Ҳ֪
ͬǿ˹ҵġ
ֲﶼǷֲеĶﶼǷֶԵúܲģȴڷܺá
ܿġ
ȻȥԴ
ҵģһǶ׬ġ
ܿ죬ʰһ¨Ĳʱ̫ҲҪͷ˼Ĩ˰ѺҲһ·Ѱصկ
կͷ¹Ūդ߲ˣº͵شк
԰еһзѹȻѾ˳ʱ򣬲ߵֲϣ׺˺ͮͮġȭͷĹӡ
۲æк:ߣⷬѹģϲ
Ը³ͷҪˮһ˫¹οɨԼİĶЦ:ģɽҰģÿζ𣬾˼굽԰УȻ֡
£±¨:ߣúܣŰײˣͬ㻻ŷѹ𣿡
翴ѣúУңͺϲѣĺܻζ
ЦЦ϶ֻǣժ˼ƫĺӣڻУ
ʲôҪԾȥҲԲ꣬կҲû˰ԡ
˼ܣæ:⣬಻˼ܲܰá
ƴţǿӲؽ¨Уﺬżŭ:ĪҪͬҿ֮ǰŪ߲ˣҲ֣ҵڻҰء
ʢȴл򣬱˱¨
Ȼ˼ҶĥŻصҾҪŰײ˸ȥϣյţ涣һͨ졣
ļ³¶Ŷ룬ͼͯ¶Űѩظ޿䡢ǱԺײ˳
:

 10 

Դһը˦±¨͸ͯԶ
ͯ޵ͦңһѩƤ͸ӨӨ۹⣬һ˫һˮʪ妣ҼСģƵ
ò˵

ɢһɹ˵ľҲ£ѲɣǱ۸ˣ
һﺧϰ£ⲻܰɣзһһᰣŮɫѲʧ䣬ˣ
ͷͷһĺһͯ裬ͱǰµѩŻεۻ£ͯǰ
һ·ҡ
ͯ޿ޣ˦廨˿մᣬ滨ˮģӵӵ﷢
һ˫ǳüţͯſԼǰᣬķĺ󱳣ҧ:ͯ裬ǡ۸ˣ
ͯһ㶣㶰մ˳˿סۣ΢΢ס
һҧץݱļ磬ӲǶ˫:˭
ͯ費𻰣סĿǻִӺ
ްޣǸƾʲô
˶ӲģҲܣԲܣ
񳿣կϻҡ԰ڣǰһ׵ͷģﾹȻ˸׳꣬ģɢһ׳ҵУֱ˸ɫ˵ĺ꾫ܵһ˿¶
԰ڵĶˣ˼죬֪ͱ׳˻֪֮Իģȫǳĸ
ܾͯ͵ĵ裬ֱڣⲻֻ
ĳǰ˰ŶûӦһţԹԽȥˡ
˼ӦĿ̽Ȧֻһۣ㿴Ҷ£ŵĺ¾ɫꡣ
δǰ㾫µݣʣԼ̬
Ŀֹ̫ˣǰĶȴͷһ
û뵽Ǹ̫ڸ߰һ۶Ը
ƾʲôҪ֪ûֵܵסѩĵþȫҲһۡ
ܲ뿴Ȼ֪Ƕôջ
ڵУлϲԤС
Ҫˡ
һ̣ȴƵڵء
Ƶڵأ
ڵģһջȹ£һΨͯ޺޵š
ͯǸƯĵĺ꾫ùˣĸģδȻҲܲ˱ǰĮĶԴ
ƳǰµȻ뵽ǸԺС
ͬ׽סԺУȻסѲɡϲǸ߰Ļ쵰Բûͬ˵ô
ǡͯ뵽һͣУֳֻܿĸ.󡾫
αԲ
Ī⣬ǵǡ֪ͯˣѰӸУѲɣǼƾԼ߱ǿˣ
ۣɫħ
뵽һ磬ץͯǽ󣬹е:ͯ裬ģҶƾױǻ쵰ȥ
ͯЦȻϷȻ̹ףôһ棬˳ҲЩ
ôһ룬ͯմᣬ̧һ˫˿һ㽿:֮£ĪҪͬ˵
ļ˼ȶӶҪˣаԼչ̹̹ȻȻȥ绨̣֣ص˵ͷ
ôʮԸıͯȥ˻ظ֤նפյ֣ؼҡ
һ·ʹļףôͱأôǸĮĴզ鵽˸ŮͰѳֲסأ
ȻᣬŲһ꣬нأҪǽδܳⰡ
עҪħġ
һɱϡбѪħ𣬺һɫ졢޶ȵħħ絽Ҫһ

ɷˡ
ŸӵصңţعһףǷϣ»뿪ʱǰ㰲š
ͷ֦Ҷķ϶ϡ
һźÿ԰׵౻ɫи飬ϸ΢⣬µֱ˾ǻþ
˦˦Դӱ¨ÿһֻѣϴ£׵ǰ
һ¶İһָͷСش˴۰
ˣڻûڻҲʧˣôҪݺһôȻԺ󻹵ˣ
ܳٸܵˣϤζС
ۣ׿һ˫ڵǵĮ䡣
ˡ
ײˣֻĬĬӺͳһֻԲɵĺ췬ѣǳ˸СֺãޱȽ:£ңϴˣҪҪһ
ܳȻһʱúġ
һžһίڵأйŻҰѪȵĻ棬ۡǡ顭
ҪˣίͰƲ죬Щ:£ңԳԵġ⡣
÷ɿʳΪݣйڴй棬ʹ࣬˺ѵʹࡣ
۰
֪ͬͣһûгԹʳˮٺȹ˵Ҫһİ˵ݹķѣ
Ȼùѣ޳ָУϸꡣ
һӼ˸׽Ķ:ԣģҪҧһڣȻ󡭡
ܳݸһ
ĬĬ졣
һɵƵ
ȥֻ۰αϣ°͵浽ֱϣۣעܳеķѡ
ܳҲôˣǲ빼飬ʹһҧȥ
ҧһںСΪδԹʳʱ䣬ѵĸӯĿǻزᡣ
ĬĬؾ׽£ȴ
ȴħķˣ룬ССһ㣬Ӧÿѹơ
Ȼãֱ˵ڶڣֱѣûееʹࡣ
ü壬УЩ⣬ֱͦ˱壬:˵ɣ⡣
ܳٿȻ˻ȥ
ܳۡЩЩţЩɡ
֪Գʲôģ
̽
еŮΣȴϣ˲Ц΢䣬ЦݲãȻһʹ˶ԵýС
£𣿡ʡ
ܳһ

ֵ:šճԶܳԵ̫࣬һֻӦùˣϵʱٸߦ԰ˣߦرóԡ
أੲݣܿһ˲𺣬׹⡣
̧֣͵ضδڵĻȫھ㵼û븹С
:

 11 

졣
ܳҲԼʲôӦֻǰСס˺ˮһ˫ֵۣؽš
һ˲꣬ɿ:ࡣ
Щ֪롣
ڵħɺ޹ɿԣڹͻȻħʢȴв֪Сƨ
ʱʹ࣬ʶ磬ֻǵǰһƬʺ죬г˲ҽС
سŮѰ磬ǡһĻȺͯϧؽӵ뻳Уظļ
Ȼƿײײ̨˰ɣᳩɡ
£ʹһ˲ӿˣۣȴؼС
ϸૣӿӶУΪһжǰΣ̵ǣǰˣȻֻһ֮ԵСƭӡ
̵ǣȴǶԴ˲Ҳκˡ
һ뵽
޲Դ
ۿŷɴﳯ÷ͣ߶Һһ
̫ˡ
ʲôԸ񣬶Դ˲ӣƤڣһˣ
Ҫˣ벻ٸˣʲô¹ⰡǷɰ¹ôһ챻ɱأ
ҲǾ˷һҹȥҲδ̤ɣڻʱܲԼ鷳ʱףȥҵǾҪҲں
뵽ﺬŵ:¡ǣְ˵һҲˣΪһİأѰ˼ţҲһʹ˰ɣ磬뿪ɡϾԺ߯СݲﻹǶ룬Ҳ
һ̧۵һɨ:ߡ
:
ģǶʲôˣ
ܳٲԸߣȻҲǿӲˣϾǸ¸˼ˣ֪ôġ
ڿ֪ˣʹǸ꣬ȻǸΣյĴڣܲһ¡
ģԸɶɶҪǶһ䣬׺䣡
ôһҲˣ͵ûڵɨԺӣֽջ·ϴɹ԰ƿųĴײˣͰ͸ȥ
߻ϲ԰ײˣİײͬԼֵĲܴܸоˮ飬óЩҲûƴǣֺǺˡ
صңʼƽÿֻȥ˼Уÿ첻ڿЩӣ»ܻˡ
һӾͽ֮ӽβڵʱ򣬴Ѿˡ
ΪõţͷᣬԴǣеĹߣҪǣһ̧ͼǰ˵ϸӰ
˰ûӦֱӰ˻:㷽˵ϸߦ桭ˡ
:
ˡ
е걳Ź⣬沿ͶһƬӰУУܸܵһһίͰ͵Сģ
ȻˣֻͨԲľګګӦȥ
оЩ
롣
˸ʳĶӡ
뵽һ㣬Ȼһ룬룬ӣ
ܳಽâڴ̡
Ĵеڶʱͣ˶ȥסܳ١
Ҫ˵ͻȻҪµʱûдӦǲϲ:šҲóƺʲôá
Ҫ˵ĻͻȻͼӳ£걡:˵Ҽ¡
סЩ⡪Īúùʲô
˻ǿѹסĵ׵𾪣:°ʱžͺˡѬǵģ档
ֱֱܳһᣬֱȫë˳ӵת
Ȼ˿ר
ܳٹɵԲϣ˫ʵʵڻľСһ࣬ʱʱһ
Ҫתͷ˼ߣֱͦ塣
ΪûгԹʳܳٴ֪ʲôоɾڸոգܵʼܵ˿
ʳĿ
δйܣһ
ռƣֻڰ̨ȼһյͩ͵ƣСﴩһɫȹһӶӰڻΡ
ܳپţûʯȼн̶վֻ죬ͱ˹ζٵĴ㡣
ܳٶӽһ죬ס̧ףͼСǰЦ
ңӳһС밵۵׻貣ǹĻʮ
ôĲʵôС
ջߣûٶ࿴һۡ
ۿЩȡ
ֻܿϼֻľʢһϸȳƵһϴ׺˱ǡ
Ц۵:̣ȻٳԣҪÿӽһȻա
˵תصٳʱһֶ룬һֳ͵ƣ
Ѱʱһͣƽ˾ͺҳЩӵǣ񾭽һգҲûöֱŴлͣһ˲ͽ湴
ԷʱϣְָܰϸɵſӣһС
ܳٿѧģʹÿӣҲģ͵һУ֭ǰǵ㶼ǡ
ԼľȣװϹԹԳ꣬˭һ͵͵̧۵Ŀ϶ͼķɫȻʮѿɽ¥ζ˫ֹס£ջҧҧ˿:°Ӳôõġ
̧ƴһС͸ǳǳ蹺죬ͽţһֱᷳͣãһ̾ͻˤӣ
غ
̾
ⷴһ֮ڣ̫ྪϲȻӶá
Ӹʾȱ׼ţ˭֪ܳҲͬץſӣξǼв
ԽԽɫԽԽҪˣѾľͲ棬;Ʋ£
£Ҫιɡû÷ӣһ˫꣬顣
ܳûӦһ˫ڵĬĬƬ̣ΪҪܾʱȴſ͡
:
ٴˣ

 12 

ɳԴҩôôôɣ
˰ɣ
Ȼһ˼Ҳף޹طûڵķҲǸһĺӣ׵ȥֻֽϻֻŻ˰ˡ
ôһ룬ͷˡ
֮ǰ֧Ŀ־塣
Ӱᵽ࣬һֶ룬һִнӹӣԹָ⣬б
ᣬԴһĺӣתֱһͷ͵ߡ
ſںסϸϸĽǳǳĺṾһ̣ƻһ˲ӳ۵ף΢ɲۡ
ôˣĵһƬ̲ס:ó𣿡
׾ܳУᣬ
ܳһ˲㵣Щֲںǰ
ɲڻǰĶЦģȴҲֻǰСƭӡ
ҡ֪˭ģȴԸЦԸãղҪˣȴ
뵽ܳĵһᣬ˵ͷȥĵڶڡ
㡣
Ŀһơ
⣬ûĳɾ͸Ǹʲôѵ屾ܣⱾҲ߯ǿˣ
ܳٹԹɵسߦ棬֣룬֭ȵĸɸɾ
֪ԲҪڻˣֻɾ͸ʮ㣬һֱͬĸо֤ԼҪ˲
е졪
Сȥһ룬ֻ¶Ķͷһ˫ŨīȾĺüԷʱܰ˸оܹԡ
ӣ÷ӣֲһĸװοأ
ܳٲ˿еıѾһֻܺóԣᣬϲָо컹Ҫ棡
ôһ̧ͷɫĻ׺ǣһ˲Ĳģֻϣ쵽
ϸµز׽СɵĲģѽԼĸ׽ɫԲһУȻ:ôˣûԱ𣿡
ܳߣ˵ͷ:ˡ
һЦͻȻáįˡ
ɽնܼįֻԼģɽĶ϶ԣ˭Ʋһֻܡ
һֱδԸ졭ЦпʧСɣʵҲôԣôÿ
뵽һԲСĸ˲һҪãõˣǺڻҲһԼ²ȥΪֹ

Ա㣬죬ԼǸҪ˯ʱ
üŷΨһһŴĳ˼
ŴҲ˯һɣ˾ԼŮҲͬһһүǸͲ˰
ܳڵ޹ֵмƯ
һ:¼ȴûʲô׼㻯ԭСſһſգұضһŴ󴲡
ܳٿһۣɵص˵ͷ
Ļŭˣϴһ޻ĺëɽͷ˯
˯Ҳ͵˿ûܵ޻ĴɽһεɣǰƬ̣ԥط࣬סĸ첲ӤţѰ˸ʵ˯ˣ˫Ŀ
ٴã׿˿֪ʲôʱַ޻ѵĺëɽ簲ɽббƳۣӣش
һˣ˯˵簲ĻᣬܺãҲͬûòСɼƽϣЬӣߵ޻ǰë޵ԴõĴ˷š
ɽһ˲ӿ룬ºչأҸۣŤͷȥܳ:緹Ҫʲô߲𣿡
ܳٻڷԴ޷԰ΣʣŵػΣյǸδŮǰҡҡͷ:Ҫߦ档
:

ڳæܳٶСԲϣһ߿ŷһ߿æ
Ů죬ͨɣܳΪʲôûΪʲô˵ֱ浽ǰûʳڡ
ܳٻûѧʹÿӣ۰ͰͶհʾִظĶ
ܳһ㣬ûС֪ʱĸ׵һҪһ²ĺӡ
ԣ˿浽ܳٿУĳ:°һ࣬Ůأǲǿȵġ
ۼԵ棬òƶĻţ̾˿û˵̫أϾСӦǸеС:԰ϲĸŮؾһҪѭ򽥽׷ҲҪִţϲͺˣһһҪǿѽ
䣬ܳðߴƿڵһۿ
졣
ǿɵƵ
ãİõĲ֨ˣ˵ĻҲ˵ˣԼʲô¶Ը壬ҲҲûж
ײǿͯ裬͸ι
һ׮µˣеĳ
ºҪСŴ󴲣ľ¡
ɽֵΨһֵǮȹŻͷŵĻţȫҡһݡ
ƣɼҾȫưȱ⣬˶ձֻΪֿڳʳ
ȥͯפյկдӶԴõϻ
ϻǸ׳һǺ⣬иϿʮֲǡ
ֻ֪ǱʵϸȻʵҲ䵽ɽ
Цͬкԭŭҡϣ˳֣ЩƣּˣЩҵվǣֲڵƾ˶̴ֵĲһںŬЦš
ʱƺܴСܵߣ̵صש˵Ǻǽ࣬˵ǽĴţǼȾոµġ̷ĺľҾߣ͸ҪǮƵͷᣬʱ֪Ǹ
ǸһͲǵ
⻢Ϊ߯ƣ˭Цţ˵һȼٻƵɽȺûСȻȴͬʹжϡ
òȡʵ˲֮١
ϻͷƵϻ
֣ɹ̫أ
ϻЦú:£ɹɹ̫
ûͬ룬ԵĻӦᲽҪߣȴȻ뵽ȴͷ󴲵ϻ㣬˾:֣ǰЩƼңҼ˿ˣŴĴﶨģ
ϻһ㶣֪ʲôͼȡֻƷǬһֻͷʽů񣬾ٵǰ
һʲô˼Ȼȥӣ:֣
ǿһǸߵӨͨ͸һ˿һƵʣҵ񹤾£һ˫
ϻֺͷ:ҵĻͷƣֻҪͿɽмľ
֪ɽҲֻ֪ͬɽɽͷӦǱɽϵͨˡ
ȻǴ㽫ͨƽһõġ
ôһ˫ֽ˹л:лֿҲض˫ַ֮
ϻɴ飬𾪡
ɴû˻͵ĶͳֵĶҲûн˻ĵ

 13 

ûע⵽ϻ𾪵񣬽ӹͷƣרĸĴУĦܵӿǿ
ɵһֻ̾óϻûôô
ӿǧֵ
һ뵽Ȼ£ûһ:֣Ķƴ齣Ҫ
úܣ۵ĴȻģԸ˵ļ۸һ£Ҳи׼
ϻʵһ㶣㶰Ϊѵؼ˼:Ҳ˻ͷƣĶᣬɽͷҵġ
ûüӦϻֵ:⻢ͷģһͳĶʹûջĵȻؼƽЩ
:
ʲô
Ȼǿ˿ôһƣĳ˼
˵ͬϻûʲô飬Ҷ˵ԽǮԽţϻȻǸȻҲǴ紵ģαضԼ㿶
Ǿܾ:ۣ֣ôصĶҲա
Ѷ־ٻԼǰɵһеСˡ
ϻȷȻͷʯϻҲǸҳªĸ
С˼ȴΪ˶ûԸ棬ÿʯΪҹİʮ̣һлį
ܿꡣ
ĵõ꣬кܶԸˣ޲ðԼõĶɢѡ
ǶУĶж£ԵҪоԼдڸУ㡣
ǺһͬԸʨӾȴ֮ԻԸΧתȫΪǮǶɵӡ
ȻţֻǼԼϾʯ
Ȼ˵ǲţﻹǷֹȷʵ֪ԼǶģһ˼ܶ¡ǽǡ
ȴǶȡʯ󣬲ªƭϣɵӶһ
ţѣƵѣԲƲԼʣǲʨӾô˵ġ
һȺĿСģȫƸʨӾ˵вȡ
Ѫ͸ʨӾһܣʨӾ˴ɭɭЦҡͷĴкʧˡ
ԽԽ֣ϵЦαʮԶ֮Сʨӡ
һį˼Сʨӵ͵޷ƣǳ嶯֮£ЯңѰСʨѰ˶롣
ɽҵ˻÷ˮʨӾһίͰ͵ʨӾǰӣڶ޸
ʱһãַëɢʯѡ
ʨӾԲģһܺ󣬻Ͱɽ
ɽįӰΡ
ӵˡ
ʨӾ˵ĺͼˣͼʯܲ⣬ʯԸѡ
ڣЦͬкúУԼĸмԸͷһ
ڲԸĶƲѵĻᶼ
㶲Ҳĥʲô֪ĶͶˣЦ䣬Ż:֣ĺˣôصĶˡȷʵա
ˣª֮į顣
룬ֺǺǴߡ
ƽȣȴѣֻôƶⶼԲ𣬻и绢ߣ˾ǧ
Ĳĺʹ
úڰ
ʹļףȴǲ֪ʱȴһֻͷһƴСǣվǰ
Сÿɰɫë͹ˮƤְϸҲһ˫С۾䣬ͷƵľ
Ƥ˰ͷزڵԺš
СǾǸ̰Ķ̫໹ͯȫع׳״̬ϻǡ
ˣȻͯģô͵øΣ룬ԼΪֹ
ڻΣ͵ı¶ࡣǰ㾫úܼѣڣɽĵط׳ݴȺ޹Сɰö
ԺӺֻܰҶ䡣̤ĵһۣͿһֻۺɽϣ̬ʡ
ֱۣһӾ˿ˮ
ѾɽļȵĻ棬⣬ɽȷʵͲǰӺˣֻҪɽøƽˡ
ϾֻȵĻǡ
ܳٱڱۼ£ٿȻܵϤζſۣͼһֻСվǴĿ⾼ˮڡ
ܳԭʵ̬һ˲ϲܵעĸоǸܵĿ⣬ʮַŭ
ؽ߶ڻϣڣʮˡ
Ҫǰȥ˺СǣȻδüȴǶһʶ׽ϤĽŲ
ܳٳ£ѹѹŭըëһ˲и
˸⡣
ǱܳݵĿ⻣һûǿʢļСȲЩʶҪӡ
ȻδüͼɽһλӰ˲ǰ
ǵһ˫ۣ˶⣬ʲôûĳͼɽ̧˵ļᣬץСצһؿڡ
˲ʱȦˣвⲨͼһܾģίڵأ
һǻǸʲô˼⼦ߣ֪óԼ۶ļ
ôһЩ⣬һ˫Сצצ⣬ɽȥ
ɽɪڵأۺë󴦼Ѫۣһ˫ڵ۸һˮܿ˵ģ
ǵ⼫ˣǰһˣȻֻ˵һ룬Ӷ˰ա
ҧгݣŻǺ󾢵ֻ־ͿƲס˴:֪Ļǣ۸˶۸Ժˣ
:
ǱûһƢ˿ɽ붼ˣ⼦ֻĻǹװģ
Żǣһѽ:Ҹ㣬ɲǺ۸ģٸҾͰƤ⣡
ˣҲļģ
Ǹ׳ģͺ޹ôһֻޣļȻһ
ۣ
Ǻˣʱƹ̧֣һָɽ̺ݺݵ:ƭ㣬ģҵ֣Լ˵ŻԼؿڱȻһ£Ĺĵ:ҿûҪ
һ㶣㶰շ˸ۣǺܿɰ˵ĹҲ߯ˣһֻʧļȥлǣһ׻Ĵ׳գ
һߣ˫:Сǣ㵱ɵӰһֻǣܵҼ۸ҵļ㻹Լί
˶٣ִ˴:û뵽޳ܵĻǲҸڵֻͷ㰡ǳǰˣһ˸һǿôһȣֻ߯Ҫˣ
ôһͨʹ죬ȴȻһ뵽˼¶
ɽֻһֻǾֻңǰֵֻ֪ģ
һɵСǣֻ񣬾⣬βͼһ鼫߸ɫİëʮ֡
СѲɾǸֻ
ЩɣſʣͷһͼСԴʮֺµǴ
һ˲ĸŲǸʲôĻǣԺţͶ׵Сǰ̧ë޵ԴҪˮ:£û°ɣ
Բ𰡣ҲӦðڼġ
ĵĺţٿȻ뵽˸⣬:£ôΰǻ۸

 14 

̧ܳͷһ˫ڵǾǿ
ۼˣ羭޳ͯ裬ȺС¾ȳʱҲǿǿ
һ뵽һĻܹ˼ľͽŵСɱϣãصȡҩ
﷭ϻʣµİƿҩ࣬û뵽ǣôóǳǣ̫
רҩ
ԺУܳգգۣһΣѻΡ
Լ֣ЩעӵĿ⣬ǣȴõСƭӵĹע
͵Ŀ⣬ĴЩҩ
þӽ˲ݵֶΣҲõһЩõӵйĲ׽
˿ָβ΢ʹȴУһ
ȡҩصԺУһ̧۾ͼСȻϣԭüǳǳţÿĴǲҰ׵ûаɫ
¿½΢԰׵ƤϸݵعϣźһһĿ۱ؿλãԵ˼ȵִ
Сģ۵òУȴһȻ뵽˼¶
ҧҧѾģǱĸ޴ͷԣСɷǿԻεģλᱻһֻƴС۸
ңողΣȴˣͼʲô
ҧ߷ߵĹܳȴƿ͸㣬ڵ:ÿգֻܻһʱ
:
ӣ͵͵:ųԷʱá
͸֦Ѿ˼˼ӳÿϣӻǰɲ԰׵Ƥȴӳ˲㵭ѪɫӳϵһϮ£ƯϢ
ĿһоԼۿЩȣﻹЩС𡪡
ӦûɼµģϾСɺڻǰȵ־ǿ˿Ը͸¶һ˿һĴʹʱҲһչʾԼǿһ汻ǳ۸ˡ
ңսָŴƿĴССɴûгԹ϶ڸʳĸоֻһʱĻΣųԷʱã̫ˣеСۡ
ţͿƲסܳ٣࣬Ͱ̧һӨ۵Сֺ:С£ҷģԺҲһ˺òã
ܳٺһ͡
̫ϣֿ̫ʴӵƲͷȥ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ͡һΡ
ȻһͷûпֻŤͷȥΪ˲ԸԼ
һ˿ССʧ䣬ֻһ㣬ΪǸӣңΪԼԷ֪ǿߣ˱ȻôúģˣһһҪóԵĸԣܺģʲôأ
ѣüͷԾ˲ʳƽֻҪܳԱζܲںڲһˣһˣһѧˡ
ܳٻعͷһĿüͷͣһΪѵģһӷ̧֣һѰϡ
ֻŲ뿴ΪüģȴǽȵĴȴȫȥʮֵעһ㶣ȫס
Щ΢΢ȡ
һٶɰŸصۣˣԭ߰Ĳʽȫ׵øɾ
ܳٲ˲ëЩ޴:гӡ
:
ĶأϹ
˳ȥ˵֣㶵˵ͷ:࣬л

ܳҩܳٺżгһڵķ죬һֻӶƤ껨è
ܲܳٵʣͦǳΪ̫ˣȷʵûڽŪһŴ룬Ǿܳʵʵ˵:£ҿ϶㲻һŴˣܲί޻ſգ
˵⻰ʱСɿΪԵʣԵˣÿֻܻһʱһʱȻԷ費Ҫ齾ͺ޹ؽҪˡ
ô˵»ҪԵһֻԣǷˣСɵԭħ𡪡в֮ƵĻ
ܳȫûд齿ס飬˵ͷ
ɵͷĺȸԾβüҶǻϲ
Сôԣô£һýԺóԵģ
ɽǸ˽ܵĺõطԲʮһͺɽֻһ֪ԴںδСϪ
Ϫˮξ˶Щ򣬸С׽㣬ثˡ
У˵ɾ͸ɣһ뵽Ҫȥ׽㣬Ǳ߾Ѿ׼ȫװ
װٱ¨ֲ档
Щɶǻţϼһûʱɴδ㣬ֹȻóãҲֻǱײײȥһԵ˼ܸǡ
װߵı¨̤ţһ˲ͱҵչۣۣѸջ˽š
˿ֵ磬ͷʢۻ˶ñҪţϽϲñһͷͼݳС۰Ͱſϣһ˫ڵۣš
Ѱ

 15 

ˣһǰָָ챣֤һᶪһˣһתĹԼˡ
ôһε̾˿ۻУץ˶ñ֣ܳʾͷ
С˵Ǹģʤ߳һԴֹ˵ðԴһ¾ûʲôʱ䳤˾ͺۡ
СֱֱվţҲͷġ
Сɶǿưſ򲻶̾˻
׻˵úãɽңҾɽ͵ɽǰͷ:Ҫȥץ㣬㣬ҪҪԣҪҪһȥ
ܳٶ䲶׽ԡ֣һ˲ԥûԥĵ˵ͷ
СɵСģһƬĵЦ־еĿزñ:Ҫȥôñӣɹ˵ġ
Ƥô͸ۣһ覴öûУͷɹɹ˻ãɹ˾Ѱˡ
ܳض˻֣ʵڹżʳһŤ̬
ͷģǿڻıܣǴңҲͷ
ͷ
߰ǲһУȻûгĵ
̧ۣĿ⣬򴽣ȻŤͷȥһŤһᲽԺӡ
ۼǰݳȻֻëɽһ˲ţְգǰ󲻹һӵĹôÿֻܻһʱһˣ
ݰѲñúãعͷͿԺУëɽ·ʱҡŵķβԼǼϡܵβֻûסһЦĺǰɰ꣬ȻܺڻǸȰɱĴɣ
סЦݣһһЦ˦˦Դ첽еŲ࣬СɿǲߵżŹ
ܳҡᴩկӣͷ̫ңƣҲǺܵСɱֶϡ
߱߸ܳٽܣһ˭ļңһ˭ļң˭˭رףǣ˭˭رƣԽѡ
ú㣬ɽһ˹¶ʮ꣬û˭㰲߶ЩĵĻҲû˭顭
һ룬һȻӣñ˫˸ǻԣüһ䣬л:£лл㡣
ۼźëɽӹһǳͫߴﹾһתκλӦֺǺָ˳̬߶
߶ģǲ֪˿̣һ˫ۣڲڲԶĹľУֱֱģߺ޵ģ̰עܳ١
ǶԽžȻһɲ̣ʹԲҲù
ü䣬㵸ܳһԲ߶Ķ䣬оܺããҲûбõƭˡ
ֻǡ
ܸܵһȵĿƿıסġŭһ͡
Ŀһ˲£ǳëչӳҫ۵Ľ⣬ȼճǵĻӡ
ʾȴͬʱڵħܲʱ˵ķˡ
Եһʢҵͷ£ɢżͲ˳£ָⷭɵرֻСݻԺƵĻҪ͸СɣһŤͷͼСɱһֻ𼦣
ңһ˫ڵ͸Ž˿־׹⡣
ŵõɴۡ
ٿ뵽ħԭ
ܳٿǰɬرŰŮ뵽ͷ֮ѪΪϣֺãܽʹʱ̣һ۱㿴һ˫ȫ
ͫɫǳȴƯǣϺִΨһһֻ츳ߣҴữˣ˵βôϺˮע
ܳټڽع˹ǣϺˮġ
ţһ٤ӡ޳˫ʮֹ̧̣֣һֶסŮĺһֶỺؿŮ飬:۾Ϊʲôء
ܳٽӴŮۿŵѪҺһ˲Ʒħ־Ĳ
ԼԼŵùǺȻ֪ʱûߵ۳ǵڵ㣬ǽסĿ־塣
⣬ҽ
һ˿̵龰ģħʱģ
һӻˣΪû˱˽ⷴɣǣȴǲ֪ڷħʱȴͷѪ֮⣬ʲôķӿԾ
ɫҰףĿ޴롣
ָʶųղݻֱһⱻķ䵽ݻϣһ˲ݻȼ˻
ָȣʶʹһѸ׿ݻҪ:£û°ɣ                        
лҪ˵ôղˣкŶ

 16 

е˵ѹƹɵһħˣ˵ʱıԷɳǺޱİ
ʹࡢأԸǰֳһ˿һĴʱͻȻķɽϯʶܿᰡûзҵδӵйػ
Ϊ˱ŮԷɵ⣬漣ģħѹˡ
Ժܳٱ㳹׵ذᰡ
ԥˣûǰԶ־־ڱصã浱ϵ˸ǰе˰ˡ
ɵİ¹Ȼôõģ֪зɵİصƫִܳܵġ
ңҲᰣػûЧҲʮֲȷ
СʹʱŲʣѱպǺԼ
İأͬģĺҲأƫִ˵ˡ
߬˫ȭסܳ١
ͻȻ䣬ֻǱŻӵĴɽΣһһͼӡ֣ݳһţ¶Ĳ԰Ƥ͸һĺ졣
ԣħʱʹй֮޲
ݺһ飬ʲô˲ˣԭԷɵİⱾ̫ǿ󣬵ʶذƹǦ˫ȣһսɣӡ
룬ڻᣬ㹻ʱ䣬ܵذȶĳĹذ򽡿
ܳǰЩ޴룬ȫԼһҪʲôֻ:°¡
㣬㻹ðɣ
Ҫô㣿
ȥҴҲĵִҲĽ黳֮ȫҡ
ӰͶϣССһúסܳٵԴ
ܳٸоԼЩѹƲסڵħˣֻǺܲ룬ܲСƭٿܣǣѾˡ
ңûԼӦòװİɣ
ôһܳеһ飬رУ֮Ҳ˵Ǻܲͬ
ڳһȥŮŽǳüҪʱᡣ
ܳٿӣü
ջߣҧأ沿飬ʹ¶ô࣬Сƭӿ㲻ģҲΪԼü
ˣձ˿̱ǣϾͱɼɫ磬ÿüĿţ˳΢ĽͣͰ͵СģǼֱϧ
ſˣС˵ʱԷɷʱģһɨҵĲۣʵĿʹģоԼҪסˡ
ǸСͬ˸Щǻô˵ţʹģھо
ģĺ޲ԭͷѪ
ж±¨ȥչ˫ۣİؽֱֿܳļ뻳С̣ǿס屾ܵĵֿӵ
ȻģֻܳӴĵطһƬʵıǱԴԴϵع
̫ˣڱȡ
ܳٱͷᣬʵԸϣ̫ˣôôأ
һʼû
һ˲˼˺ԶԶ뵽Ƕ룬̸룬˵أ룬СƭһǹʧԼģһǹⲻȥġ
Ҳɣ
ܳΪѣһһͨĵ͸
µķ类ͷɹḶ́ɢɢĵǣܸܵ꽥͵£ʮ־ϲȻȻĿô
ɹˣ
ǲģûзſܳ٣ȴ̲ס:ܡ£ǺЩ𣿡
ҽܳ٣ͺܳ٣ͲǸɣԶ˺Լһ
ȻܳٿȫĳƺʶƽŮڶһ˲㡣
ܸܵڻδüȫɵħѱ͹Ĵѹ£ֻȴԼͷЩ
⽫һſĽģ˳ı۰شг˰ȭͷľ롣
δӦĬĬץ΢ؽԼ䣬ѹסֵģܵĻӡ
һ˲䣬ڵħӿˣȫȫˣļȴһ¡
Ƥһۺ졣
ʱעı仯Сɻȥǿĵģû뵽δüǣͼŲˣǻδƽСѽһ˲ֻıQ
Ȼǲ𣿹ȻᰵԻǿľƶ
еذܳٿܿġԸעԴǿԼǽ:£㣬㻹ʹ𣿡
ܳ:
һ˲
ܳҲ˲÷ű͸ŵĲķۺ죬ԭǰȥģ˾:û¡
һһ˲䰲ģ˿ȴͻȻʲô㣬:ߴˣȥץ㣬ߡ
ܳһ٣ذػعƹ
ɽԣǷˡڷ·ʱڶ򣬷ǿܳͬͬһָЦö࿪ء
ӣϱ¨ȥɲ:°ҿ־һϣȻħһʹɣ
ڿģûʶԼ˵ʲô˵ģܳȴһһ
û֪ڵħᷴɣ֪ģ
ץ㣿
ǴӹľȥΣҪȥץô¶ɭɭۣһץĺܿĵģ

ͷң˻ðܳһ£ʪ˸͸ܳٶһ£ԼվںӱߡȥȹţЬӡ
ˮ΢չ⣬ԣ
ۣȥЬӵСԲƯ۵ĽĽһںӱ߱ɹһʯʱ̵һţͨһˮ
˲ûΡˮ֮ϣֻƮһñ
ܳٱʵ£ŷˮ棬ЯˮɾĵһۣͿʧˮ֮ϡ
ԲˮǰһȻͻŵ֣˲仯ΣλӰӱߣѰ˼ŵˮ㹻˧δãͼ峺׵ˮйཷһˮݡ
ܳһ㶣һ̣һˮԾ˸Ӱ
ԽˮС˿ûˮ֮ǣ෴ģһ˫ÿ۾ˮϴʮ͸
Ĩȥϵˮ󣬴ۿ˰֮˺ԭЩȻ˲ųЦ:£ôǱߴţǵҰ
ܳٱһ仰˼Ǳһץ߲ʮûӡ
ϢػºᣬŭȴⲻǸʱԣֻһ˫ü岻壬ԵЩ졣
ľƬ̣ܳٴӽһƳӣ̧֣ʮĿͷ
:Ҫץ㡣

 17 

ֵֻ̧ܳĶܴ󣬵䵽ԼͷϵĸоʹҲͲƽһ
ֺǺǷϰץ¨Ĩȥͷ鷢ԼҲǺܻᣬǾľһĽܳٿʼʹùߡ
桭
ھһϵе۽ѧ²ˮץʱ򣬻ҲҵկаԵԶ뾫
뾫ΪᣬΪɽԸ
ҲƲΪΪ뾫ִͲӵΪڣȴǸΪĺʱ
ֻίһ£ǰһϷˡ
뾫Ժŵʱ뾫緹һֻݾѪܵӡ
̿ˮЦݹ:ֿ뿪
뾫ű׼ۣ˵ʱƵ̧ͷСǣڽһЦ:Сģ
Ǳɵһţǹ:ֿɱţկСɵõ˸ñ
ǼǱ뾫ȴѵõ˳Ȼͬܳץһ¨Ļƻ㡣
Ҫ֪ĶȻûȴ൱ԣǸĴһһݡ
ûץ㣬ûгɹҲˣ䱿ˣ֮ͼһ㣬һһ˳Щ˼顣
ܿģ棬̧첲ŬܳٵļģȴֵĴоġ
һ˲¶˾ġ
һҪСι֣
һС˵ģü΢䣬ŲЦ:£ɰˣֵñ
ܳĬĬЩģܾһЦǣ佫ִӼ϶£ϰȥԭ
Դ˺⣬СǸŤĺӡ
ңررģȻȥҪֻô㣬ǹһˡ
ʰöܳپԭ·أȴһ۾Ϳж
ҿ˿ˮԵŮ˵ĵи
뾫ģҾ޺£
Ǹҡӣһֱܵ͵
ɽȷʵ뾫۸ʱΪСˣɽǰݡ
뾫ȤҼȴɵò󣬾ģҲûѰ鷳
˿뾫ΪԤвãһͽܳٻ
ãܳȻڻħ֮ڳȴ޶֣ϾڻǸӣһǸˣÿֻܻһʱޱҪĺӡ
죬С:£Ȼֱֱǰߣ㲻Ҫҿܷʲô£һҪҪҶ
ͦ𼹱ĿбӵΨһһͨկӵ·
ûҪ˭侲ڿԲֱ˸֪Լֵòô
Ȼ뾫ɲŹ
뾫ǸûӵķӣûӺͷһ𣬾͵ͬڲ
뾫ɲƻǰηηţҲηӿֻã˵ĶģôһҪõֻ񼦣һҪ뿪ط
ۼŽľ룬̬ʵ޹ġ
ˣˡ
ֻҪǾǶһ١
Щȥŵܳ٣СɽȷȻ˵ǰɸţ˿ȴ뾫Ǿ׳ڵı۰һסȥ·
۵ױӿķ죬һ۴ʮֵɨ뾫ѹ:֣
뾫Σڿĵһ۾ͿֻһͺܲѰĴɽ
Ǵɽһë߰ţһͲǶ
Ŀ̽ܳһ˲͸ܵˡ
̧ܳһɨ뾫Ȼδüʩѹ֮ͱһϸӰ˿
ȫܳٻ󣬶ס뾫Ҳ:֣
ɵģԷſʼԵû뿪СɣһѰ˼ҲˣԼˡ
뾫ûô໨ӣһ򽲾һֱָ֣ܳ:Ҫֻ
ʶѿڶ:Ϊʲô
뾫һ:ʲôΪʲôҪ͵øҡ
˵ŻҲһƵ󣬽Ҫȥץܳ٣ͱѸٷӦס:֣ý⼦ҵģһԾʰɣ
˵Ż΢΢𼹱ǹͨģŹ
ɲԸϻԭްһ˲⣬˲ѪʹڴֲڵƤ£һݺᡣ
ɲʿ:ģͿ㽻ɱʮǰ˵ʲôʲô
һӾͱɵˣɽʮ겻ûִܣǿǰ뾫ǿľڵԼӦԡ
ңʮǰȷʵ˵
ҰûʸԴ
ʶ˰벽
ǲܽܳٵģܳȫûԱҪˣ͵ɱ
뾫ٿȻ뵽ʵǲ̫ģ˳ߣק¨ǰ:֣ɽǷҰˣ⣬ʵ㡭
˭û˵ǰһƻѱ뾫һƷ뾫Ͳͷ:ٷϻ
ŵµģֱƳȥ뾫뾫עһĶֻ԰붫ص񼦣ֻۣצһѽһԡ
צ̫⣬һ˺ѵֲڵϣ۵Ƥ˵ϡ
ûסѵ˵һ͹ʯǱˤڵأˤܳǰ
뾫ƾҪץɽȴǵʯһ˲ǰһʹδüʹֻѱӼ粿նϣѪӿֻϱȴڵʻ

 18 

˵ʵû㼤ҵĳ棬ʺѪҺ罦ϣֻļһûϢľҪ衣
߯ãѾΣɾĵһ˫ۣ뾫ϱпڴɭɭĹ棬һƬհס
뾫һ˲˲ȥԼֱ̧ۣͷǰһĺ꣬忡ϸ˲㺮˪ڣһС
ɽΪô꣬ɴδǿƵƫƫֻһ˫ۣʮη塣
ܳŤͷȥٿĿʳָһź⣬ǺƮǻû䡣
ͻȻƤܳʶգۣǰĺװױϴһɶ
ܳתͷɲ䵽˼¡
뾫ᵽ־ּͷƤ飬ľ
ôᣬǰƲ꣬һ˿꣬ȴëȻ
ܳûĻᣬʧʮΪľټʱǱġ
ǣھȻ˵ҵ˺ҪɱҪ꣬׵׵Ļҷ
뾫çӸԲԺϵȥ˫Ŀɺ죬Ŀѣȫ±ƺҪ
׳˶һСɽȫеԼԪеҪͬܳƴһ
۽һɣצЯɨܳ١
һ̣ȴ˸գ껻תȥ˫ȼһҡҷʺ𡭡
ָʢһȵĺ뾫ԣֳȥ
ĮȻ̧һӣȺŷԼԪĶסִֻǺţƬ̣ľԪ
뾫ŵؿ꣬δ㱻
ȴڽӴһʮƿȥ
ԽȼԽңɾԪǣͬʱŵʹ೹׾ϯ뾫ʶ
뾫ޱʹʧӰ٣ҽһ˸ɾ
ܳĬĬ˦һԵı¨ѪҲȻƽ
ɨƿĸ棬һ룬ǽЩĻƻһ뱳¨
ѧģ¨ֶ׵ǰȴؽ
ʱܳٵǰδеŻСνݣ㻤ţоģһһ
ĪĿһšϸµȥճŵĸм߯С¾㡣
ϵ·ʪģܳٵ˰ζɾʱȴֳ˺ܴģʮ֡չĸо
ôһܳپʮ߳ܣɲӦġ
˦ȥԴĺ˼룬۰ݵļһ˲Ȼȴһ۾ͶסֱϵѪۡ
ѪʵûкȴΪѪѾοԵʣԵЩĿġ
ܳϵȻһ
ͻȻãֵĳͷ̫̫ˡ
ϧȴѾҷˣҲΪˡ
㣬ܳٺźԭ·ء
ܳٸڹЩܽڻкùһЩûƤ˿ڣ֮ǰÿһᡭҪرġ
Щܳپͺ˶ҲԾļӿЩ
ǱǱſֵ˼ڲԶһͩŴɽȻѴ֮ɱɽǿ뾫Щ㵣Ǵûж
ֱź´ɽź֪׵ĺ˲һĨƨɾȥ
ܳٲᡣ
ܹܳĿ⡣
һֱܸܵԶһİֻǷϾ˼˿ɲˡ
ܳٿ䣬ϱһʺǸЯ֮Ѹȥ˲ŵľԪ
ǻףһ̣ۣۣȫǻһ𣬳׽ȼ˸ɾ
ܳٱ󲽶ƽȵš
ﱻھ
֮ǰֻñԹǸСƭӣ³ŵȴΥŵ
ûΪǹ֪ʧʮ꾹Σصĵط
ӡԭ޷Σյʱ޻֮
ܳ޷ʮιģ֪ڹﵽ׻ܹ˺
ϾֻһգѾô׶ڳֱԸ
ܳɬɬϷʮĳ֡
ߵկеʱһȵʱѾȥˣʱŻ־Ͷ
Խկߣܼĸ־Խ࣬ҪܵĿҲԽ࣬ӿ˲żŽߣȴͻȻĵȥ
һ˪ѩһֻӨ׵Сָ֣ޢһֻȣܳ¡
ܳٲһɨ
ȴһİŮ
һԽȴΪ㲻õ˫źݺͯһ¡
Ͱոµҷȹ߳Сɵӡ
ͯ:
ըˣ

ֻͯòջĺȴס
Ըеģһ˫ĺ
ˮתȴڲزס˼ԣֶλŪһЩΪֶǳֺɣĸģƲϵġ
ȻͯԼĶλ׼Ϊ֮ȫһЩ֣ȫΪΧֻһЩֻ֣Ҫл϶Ĵ֣֤ǶӲԼġ
ܳ٣ݺݵشһ͵ģƶϵĸ̬ת˲䱻ࡣ
첻ͬˡ
ˡ
һϽפյ̥ˡ
ڵĸиɢġ
أĶȴʮֲľС
կԭСǣʱĶ֮ȴ
ǲǿ׷ϵ
ͯ費ǸϹģ෴͸һ۾ܶвصλε
⼫ˡ
ȲҪǸ߰˿ڵһڵģûܵõԼ
ͭϰǵ񣬲ס
סڴһһ̧ۣȫ˿˿Ҫ顣
ɾ̤Ժŵһ˲䣬Ǹ߰˾ϧıֻ.󡣡
ͯʻգȴʮ㡣
ΪûƼ˿̵Լ϶ᱻԼס
һ룬ͯǿѹ¼ʷŭתĿˮ
İٱģĽۣ򼵶ʵĿ£ܳ٣Ťõߣؾĵǰ
ȴĿбӵֱӺˣ
ͯҪɴݵȻᳶǣЦжŭ
կվֶҪʲô˫ۣĿת
ںڵ㷢׵Ƥ沿һ΢Цĳ۵
ֱƵŮǸź±Ŀ꣬ſʼ۳
¿˸ȥףѵİ:ϣǸǲͬ٣㿴ɧ޲ðŤϣУù˭ء
ܲ:Сʲôʱģôûõͦ㡣
¹߿:˵أأôˣ˰
Ѱɣͯ϶һ
ƨѸƨĸƨͯǿݴֱɣѣԼأ
㲻Ҫ˵÷ͯ㲻

֮ңͯͣŲںۡ
˿Ҫľܳ٣
ͯһŬѹ±ܳӵụָ̆˷ֻ߳ӡɾҲˡ
ڶϸ֫ٴܳе·
촽:ǹװңҵעô
ܳ:
˵ԣ²Ǹϰɡ
ͯܳƬ̵㶣ȻȻΪǱԼòǣ⼫ˡ
ֻҪٽһͻᱻ
ͯȴһ̧ʹܳΪڷӲϱۣͲţܵԼ£޶ԣ
ţ̧ͯףȻ̧һ˲һգ겻һԭİҲ˲
ͯȻ
񣿺ε
ƾʲô
ͯݺҧסѩҲȾ˼蹺졣
У̬㷢չȻԷһףȻϲ˵ˡ
ôһѰ˼ͯܳٵʱѾһˮ
ܳ٣һ˫ĵˮޣϸݵıǼҲúͮͮġ
ŬӪһģ
ܳٸǸʲôģ
ܳٲıעӵĿ⣬Ĵ
·Ҫˣ
첲첲ҲһҪϴһϴ
ܳٴ˿̺޵ģǱ޷ͽֿͯˡ
еСﲻܳǰ˲䣬ܳŽشǳǳüëţһƯС԰׵Ѫɫ
ܳٵһӾɹ˲ǰվǸʲôҲԺٶ硣һߡ
ǰⶫƫƫʶ࣬ƫƫҪ·
ܳ:
ܳͶһ۸ͯˣֻһ۳ŭôѾܲѰˡ
ôƫƫʶô
ܳٿ䣬Ŵһһϣ°»ɳһֻ𣬻𽥽Ǵһ̡
ͽͯȷ˳ȥ
ϷԾ°͡
ɳȥͯһĶˡ
ͯ裡Ⱳӣûô
ۼǰµĶ˸ɾܳٿ첽Ժӣһ̧žʹԺš
ȫȫͷķ׷
ܳһ˹¶ˣôͱദ˽⣬չˡ
Сؽµϣһʱһֻ࣬צӣԴһƬҡ
ɽϼʱʲôţ
ԣǴͰˮϴ壬ȻԶָֻ޻ѣι࡭
ϴ塭
ܳƳйԹŵСϷĨ糺죬ȴҪѪ
޳֮Σ飬ܳȻ
˼ãܳǾ߰Ȳ룬ǵ˿ڡ
ܳٴӷѰľ裬ִӳҵһͰˮŽְˮдʪߣֱϵѪۡ
Ѫ˸ɾץԴĿĵſϣ˿Ȧ΢΢ףﾹ¶Ű⡣
ʶȫڣо˿ʹֻϵȴǹԵĲҰš
ܳҩ޳Өָ⽫͸ҩ𣬺ô󷽵ĸͿ˺һ㡣
ܳپؿŲҰ׵СؿȻһ͡
ܲǰ취Ȼʱʱ̿ͬһ𣬴粽ԣɾһ㣬ҲⲻⷢǲȫȫĻȫҲܼһ˿һ˺
ܳٵΣҪǿǿҲ˵

ܳڵӨӣò˵ֻһܿݵĸоġ
ǾֻͣķӡˣȻƧصС֣ûʸ񣬿Сƭأ
ֻһ˿Կ
ܳٽԪķӡȴȻûнòķӡţòѾ˽ˣԭ
˵ǿ󣬵Ͼں׵壬ǼʹûΣҲֻ½ϴһʱ䣬ʱһҪݻغͻữĭ
з䴫˵˵ֻҪβͬ½ϵһ㣬ԶԶȻ½ϣ˿ʲôӰ졣
ȻˣܳβֻǴ˵ţڵǰΪҲֻβѡ
˷ӡ弰ԪҪúӦ˵Ҳû˯գȫ塣
Ȼ˯ĵҹܳپͳԹĴͮͮķûˣİըҲûˡ
յ͵ԾŻ谵Ļ⣬ܳٱþڽպܹԺԾûб˯ճ˺ܴĿռ䡣
˯˯ţзľ죬ǰ֪ʲôоǴ˿֪ˣС

ܳٶշתߣһ˫ڵҲ˲ˮ
´͵ƣһ㣬˳
ܳٲͨȻŹĿı£ǲܺܺõİվϸˮ
ԣֻ굥ڳСĿռΣһ棬һˮæ˰ҹֱһ棬ûܳɹ
ܳٺܣԭһ׵ôСƭӵҲͦô
ܳپͷżɻ࣬׿˿ӰСԲĲͻȻúܰġ
ۣܰĵˡ
֮ǰδй㰲ȵ˯ߣܰΣɽеѣħ޺Ҳޡ
ֻߣŻܲ˼ıð
ҲʼƽͣҲʱǰҵĳ棬żμһЩĳ
ǰõģԸ
ȻܳٲԸѹԸ⣬պ峿ſ
ʹ˾ԪķӡҲûʲôرĸоֻǾͨ泩࣬о˶ƮƮģͬƶһ
㫡
ס˸Ȼȥȴһ֮ġӲʲ
һֵֹĻ棬ףͼǰһŷŴģģ۵ģϤٲĿ
:
ʲô                        
лҪ˵ܳ:ˡ

 19 

ܳ˯аһӣΪһرľУӦ
ȫܸܵ͵Ļֻཻˡ
ƤһָԪ˵УԽᴽǣȴȻʶ
˲ް
һ˫ˮԲۣЩֵؽţлңȴʮֲмЦһԭ´齣һԲ˷š
ܽͣҪľء
ܳԺУ峿ˬۺëܽǣ޴شʻƵ๣·ë
ԽԽңԾôǰһʹо͵һë
̾Ϣµëͷ˻죬ִףһ̫̾ûΣʶˣȻ˯ˡ
˸š
ǸСƭӻᵱֺܻƺɫܰռŮӱ˵ɫ˰ɣ
ܳٺǳȻɻûʼôࡣ
ļͣڼ뾫ǰһ̣µȫܳ޸ˡ
ֻǵǵˮУȻͻ˹ȥȻʶбܳٺܲͷر˼ҡ
ԼļһǳˣˮƻǲƻģҲ˵ԭһβˣˮ˰ʮ꣬ڶԣҲʮܣ
ܣˮû˵
Ѳɡ̫ˣ
˵̾˿˿ûʶʱѾȥա
ûκβʣ෴ʶ쳣֫ҲǰأҪԼָˡ
һ룬û꣬ɲָΪ
ôͷȥ⣬۵ɫҲѾˡ
˼ջ˯ڣǲСǲǶˡ
ӣϾθܿˣûгԷһ
𴲣ֻСڴ߻ΣûҵЬӣĻܳһЬһ뵽СĬĬϢ
ÿζ롣
ѾСɵһ˯ˣ̾˿ãСǾƲ˯һֻС޻ѵġ
ŬˣŴ̲ݻ
ϻ᷵һҹδͨ峿ʪء
˫Ÿһ棬ͱʪĴмһɵöһ£Ө۵ĴֺԾصߵ⡣
ͷɽĴҲúʱ͵Ĵ˸£££½
ʱ˫ЩͷЬӱϴˢĺܸɾİǽ¡Ҳû룬û˭ˢģŽž˹ȥһֳǽ棬һֵ˵׵ңһŲ˽ȥ
ֻЬӶ׵˽ϣͺض˶棬·ĻǸʵĸо˵ͷ
˫ЬǼǰгģʱͼ˱ˣȴû뵽Ȼ׶Щǰ㲻١
ЬܺãŴ˼꣬ǰ²ˣԺܸţ᲻û
ʵ˵һ˫Ьܶʮأòʱ᲻û
ЬӣŵȥһСɡĿһ̽ͼëɽԺ룬ذ졣
ںҲԾ̧ͷȻȴ죬ƣλεչ⣬ʲôûܳ
ǲӣ÷ᡣ
ջߣಱȴһӶܳٲ֪ʲôʱס￩һЩܾ
Ȼ֪۵׵һĨɫյܳУǶôĴۣôĽɬ
Լ
æȥϵĲڣ漴һرЦݣֺǺǵ:£ǶˣҪߦô
ܳû룬ΪʲôԼأѵΪͬߣΪʲôģ
Ȼܳٿ϶شԣԸӦͶɵ˳
ܳٷӦҪֹʱΪʱѾˡ
Ÿոտգ۾Щ̼ЩڰĳӦ˰Σſԭò
ЩţǰҲĹѾԲĳ
˵Լ۾룬ſ۾ʱῴһһȽྻոµĳ
һˣ𴽽ǣſ˫ۡ
ˤ
Ҫŭⲻ룬һǸǳǸɵģһ͵ɣⱨ
˿̣еĳǱ̣ܳˡ
ԭˢྻĵ棬ʲôˮ޴½š
׸׵ĸ粻֪ƵһضǣͿˡ
ٿֻ̨õĴ裬ʢ˼Ҫ׻ɫҺ壬ӦۣҲø˼գѾС׳桭
ԼһĲˣȥֻб־˰۸
ܳʱźͰȫȻڣŭ峭Ǹ֣ߦȣеһࡪ
⣬зҲ
ߦ̤˳ȴһۣͿ˶ǰͷǶСɡ
ʱܳѾΣʱһҪװú޹û˰Ͼ֪
ǸСƭӡ

ͣ޳ܵһôɡ
Ȼıŭһ뱻Ϩ˴룬ܳͰ͵СģһС࣬Ĳþš
׵ܳǰϸ￪:£ôˣ
ܳβ΢Ҳ֮ǰӲ˼:
ǿСѽһ˲ͷˮ
ܲ˲˵ֻǣıֵǿƴһƴġָܵ˵
ܳٵı۰򣬰:С£һºòãҳȥһ£һͻ
˵žȻ󲽻ûȹھͱܳһֹס
ܵȹһȴܳ٣:£ʲô
̧ܳͷºչ£Ƥӳ͸ֻȴˣԵ˶ԽסԼһֻ֣ݹݡ
û취ˣ˭ԭıǿأˡ
һ΢΢ӣܳ˶Ӱ£:Ǽʲô
ܳٿһ˫ԭ˿ȴģһˮ˵ߦ桱֣ͼʱһ

 20 

ţվǸߡ
ɽһֻ÷¹ɽû˵Ǽǲܵ顣
߯ãһںӱˮֻܡ
һִֻʤ̣ǵùߵһֱֻľԪ͵˺ˮŲΣɤ۴ĸһ˶ǡ
ҹ־Ԫͬһʱ䣬ͿǻΡ
ʱ߻бһӺͮͮķѹһ˫¹գգͣ
ǹϲģɽһ㰮˵ʵڲ࣬ͬͬⲻǰռˣͺܲģҲһ
Ȼһ㡣ʵ⣬ⲻֻɽԲ⣬ԲǿиԼϴԡ
Ⱳӣˣ
Ȼһ²ǰǸһëȷɺͯĺꡣ
ͺܽţڿŵһ̣ԭЩŵ飬һɳ
˿Ц:㻹ðɣˣ
Ժնûˣʵڵĵýʲô⣬ʱɫվǰһŵСǰ˶
ȻȴЩɶͷˣø⻰˵ĺ֣úõܳʲô£
üһɻ״:ţôˣ
ǰƵһĻʱǸ׵ĺֱڻУɫҰףֱۻˡ
ǸһӣһָָԼұ:ǰǼ㡭
߻˵ȥɾŬһֻųӵʱ򣬾ͻһɼѹ˹߾һ˲䱻ǵӰȥ
ֻһϮ£۾һƬðɭɭ
ֻС¹ܳ仹ִŵвζֱ󱳷ȶӷļ
㿡εɣôȴôأ
˵߻ƫƫˡ
ǲ˵ȥ
߱Ե̿ˮ̶ӣӷŵ˵ϣЩ:ԺйӽĶ࣬ЩңȻȥˡ
˵겻Ӧһƨ̵ˡ
ʱģʮֲĿ˿ȥıӰʮֲĿŵϵķѹ
ˡ
߽ô֣
֡һʶͷһͼܳپȻ֪ʱˣҡ
ĺˣ
һţɵúˣȴûע⵽£һŲżһȴ̤˿գųȥ˫ڿ̡
ܳۼûܹ˼ûס裬һûأѱʵʵıס
ûܳҲû
һֳſ׷
ʱ˭ˣ
˵ʵһͬܽӴȻǰ಻ʮģò˵
Ǻ
ӲӲģϸûжһ˿׸⣬Ľǳ
ʹȻܳٲò۾ĺܽ鶯ıǼȫܰζ΢ͻĺѹ£΢ߣ:֣
ܳٵһı䣬˿ûʳʱĹɣЩסʶſ˫ۣžһ˵ϡ
һ˿ۣҲֺǺȾĻңӾֻصԺС
ܳٶգʰĿյѲ֪˰ӵķѹ˶ǡ
ȻٴӵʱȴͻȻ뵽⼸ûгԹѡ
ôóԵķһûгԹĪģĵ׾Ȼһɬɬĸо
ھΣ
ܳȻûиĵʲôûмķѹ֡
ɻϣ͸֦Ѿķ϶˫Ŀ졣
۶׽ʰɾʱԸڻǵĺҲ˶㡪޲ͽſ£
ʱȴǲ֪ǻѲſĻˣɢ˿Уһ˿һƵûʣ¡
ݣһ߲̤ʱܳߵȺʱ
:
ôͳԷء
Ҳûϻȡ˸ףʢֻ࣬˾䡰С̡󣬱ֻص˳
ٻʱһ۾ͿлʣµİӺͮͮķѹ
ٿܳ٣⼸ŬԼԷѹĳ嶯Ϊ֪Сԡ
ôʣ£ѲɣԺԣ
Ŷӡཡһ죬ںܶܶҲٴСɵǸʲô˼ˡͷĬĬ緹
ȴŴ͵øȥЩײˣôֶôãһҲҪЩС
ͬܳȻĳ緹ǱͯҲ˻
˵Ǹһ֣ɽΪʯǸʮִ׳Ĵȡ
ǰ֣ʯʱ뼸ɽĴ͹Ǹ߰ġʶôĨСӺһˡͲܵã
ʱҪȹ£һӶһᵱһŽ߷ɣ
ߣƾʲôȻʧôӣ˿ûаϧʿȣֱǸа࣡
һù
ͯ޺޵롣
ͯȻ˻ȴûдӴʲôŮ಻Ŀڡ
һȴʮôֶϲЩƯԸеģƯŮɲ᲻Լġ
ͯЬ˼ƮɡεİȹҪװĵ·ǰ
Ȼֻǽ׼ֻԶԶĿһۣǸϵĳªʵʱθȴ̲סķˮе¡

ɴûмôģô֡
ҪǸǰͻòͯһ۵ģʱͬգõȻҲӲˡ
ʵɹ̫˿ԼѾΪ˺꾫෴ģʨ°ˣ˵ĺѾ̰ͼʯ̰ͼʲôأʲô̰أϾֳ棬ȴʯһС
ͯĵһ˫ʢһˮ¸ûйͷһŤŤȥ棬ŤʱʮġѽһС
:
˿ר־飬Ȼͯôһ㣬ȫ˼˼ǱǼᵽһŨ㣬žͿѵľȻôƯһŮ
ڷӦһ˲͵˳ȥ⣬⣬ⳡ棬ռ˰ɣ
һ뵽һ;ʮ߳ܣ룬˿ʨ°ڳһ̱񶾵ڿ
һʱò֪ǺãһųªӾͺзΣֹеĻ:㣬㣬û°ɣ
ͯ谵ЦôͬôƯŮһӴܲˣѵôױ
ȻһѶȶûС
û˼
̫ͯӻͲزס͸¶ЩȻȴҪֺģһݣȹڣਵ:СŮӲ죬žСĲ˿ʯͷ˹˼ĪҪǡ
˵꣬ķƤ۲컢ʮţʱȻ֮ˡ
Ȼȴǲ֪ȴͷʮϸ΢дϻֻͲ׽Ĺ

 21 

ͷϿԶ϶ǰŮڹԼԼ֪ͼʲô
Ȼʯ
뵽ЩΧԵǣҲ㣬ǿǰ⡢ίߣһߴźôһڱܻڮ١
ʱȻԼ֪˼ȻԸţԸʯάһѵȴαĻΡ
ꡢεյĻαʨ°˺飬ǿԱһͬ鵽
߷ܲǼٵôںƾʲôŻһߵࣿΪʲôôɺޣΪʲôһҪ˺ΣһҪڹԮ
ʱʨ°ֻк⣬ʱĳˢ⵭ȥʼʨӵĺ
ǳʨȻӲȷȷʵʵδжαĳǣġ
˵ɵȴ˶ָʱ򣬱׺ݵؾͽָ˴ſڵء
ȴڳģЩ߻ħ֮ʱʱԮ֣ڣԪﻹ
߯ɴδ˺£̰ͼʯҲƲĵλȻˣҲƲӲα˵ʲôʲô
ҲǣɽȻװͰ͵һͷģɶչȴϸϸµġ
ʨ°ϲʲôϵƷһģµĶһոģԷĿҲܰģŵɴҲһģһеһУͬϼʱûа㲻ͬ
ʮȡһסͲˡ
ջʨ°ԣʨ°¸ɴ䣬˵һ۾ףһһ׼ҹѬգΪԼת飬ʶͻͽţڱȻٽֻѡ
½ѣָо֤Լ
˳ѽӶĳߣܸܵǶԼĵġǲԼ仰䲻ʯǻʱԼĿϣϿҡ
ȴʨ°ôˣʨ°׵ɽ˵Բģͣȴܶ
ɽôЩ꣬УҲһҪͷҪ֣ʨ°ôһڣȻҲסʰ뿪ɽ
ȻòͬҲûҪƨɺͷˮˡ
ǣ뿪ͻȻͼįˡ
ûԭûʨ°ףȻį
һжʧȥ˸еɫղˣӲˣҲɫζˡ
ӵˡ˵ʨ°ˡ
ǴĸȥʹҲ̤һ
ûʲô̫Ϊˡֲɵӣʲô಻ҲҪӵģ
Ȼǰͯ裬εġȻ֪ĿĲҲǿ˳ˮۣĿ⹴ģ˾ǱƭһֵǮʯϼ϶ȴʨ°׿˵ĺ
һ뵽ʨ°ףԥˡҲûԥã̧ͷ޸ֱͯһ˫ˮͫ:λȻؽ黳˷ȴ²ã²ӦòʱĶԼǰɹ̫Цˡ
ʨ°֮ƲȫΪ۹ⲻáʶ˲磬۹Ǻʹĺܡ
ȻصޣֶͬͯԼްĵϹϵټ֮ʱʨ°ֱ֪ƭˣûᱻ賰Цء
˿̳ڵĻûʲôëֻòȴܴͯ
㿴ңôòͶͱôӶ
˵Ϊ̫ڳªûбŮޣ׽Զⷽ沢ϣ
ǲϵĻǿ԰
ͯһ˲漴̧Ц۲תķǳ
ϵһһƮ£ֱ״ƲشӲı۰
ֱһ£һĵֱ۴ȫ
ͷϻ
ҲûŮͼӽȴΪʨ°ڣûŮܽ
ȥͯ裬ȴһͷͱǰѩ׻һۣһ㶣漴ӿ죬ԴȴٿȻʨ°ְ׵
û˵һͬͯ豣Űȫ롣
룬¾ʨ°׿Ҳףɲ뱻ǳʨƲ
΢΢һ˼䣬ͯҪѪˣֱҪɺˡ
ʮףͯѾ˵߽ףŻֻʹΪ˱׻߽ס
߽ڼ֮ˣֱʩߵʱĪ⣬̲סҪȥ̽˽⣬ʱٴһЩʾ֫Ӵϣûмסˡ
û뵽ȻҲܿˣͬǸ߰ĳСһܿ
ƾʲô
ͯҪˣ۽ֱ飬ȴĨЦֲϸ壬һ۾ƳǰŮˣǣҲûж࿪ġ
һ룬˿ǻʨ°վȻ᲻ӵĺݺһ٣֪ģҴӲᷢ𣬸οǶŮӡ
˿ͯ裬Ȼĺܲ׻΢΢Ƿһò:ʧһ
˵žתߣɱͯȴǺݺҧҧ漴ſǻ:Ҳô
ͷͯմմ:ɽûѣΪΪ֮ǰһݶĴ۸ˣǣǶңָ顭
һ٣̧͵͵۲һ³ϻķӦȷȻһˣֵ:ұΪΪǲͬȴ룬ȴ롭
ͯҲ˵ȥˣʧʹ
˿ȴıסˣԭΪԼ̰ͼԼʯΪȴ룬ǺԼͬ࣬ǹ¶ô
ǣͷᰲοϻοǰοŮ
ڻΪͷ֮ʱһ¨ײˣźëɽȥ߼ҵСϡ
أȻǶܳܳĬĬۣɲĿ࣬ʩСϵĶᵽûˡ
ϵᣬҲֱͦ˼ࡣ
һ·߶߶üЦۣȴ·ҵʱһӶס˲ϵЦҲ
Ȼͯڿޣ
ֿۻԸ۸˵֡
Ҳû룬ԶԶһͯ裬ܹȥһѱסͯı۰קĨᣬУ:ͯ裬ôˣôޣ˭۸ˣ
ͯ:
Ҫˡ
ôÿζڲóֵʱ֣£                        
лҪ˵

Ҳ

 22 

ͯ޵ʣʮֲ̣ͯ˱ı:֣ͯôˣ
ϲģܸܵһ׵˿ֿϸİûѵͯ裬Ǹо͸㰲Լһů
˳ǣ֯ԣûü˵أͼ޵滨ͯһ֣Ҷص
סı
Ȼһգм񣬴˼룬ͯ裬˼ֲ:ͯ裬㣬ôˣ
˵ʵһ˲ʧ䣬ͯͬʮˣпᾹԸ˦㵽µϻ
Щˡ
˭ϣͯʣŻǿ־㣬Ҳ
:
òˣתȥʻ:֣֪ʲô
üԼù죬ǿڣٲͬͯ轻̸:Ҳɣ˵ûѡ
˶٣ĵ˵:˭ôá
˵ĻܿһܺõǺԸѵġ
ǣһޣܳٶпɾûôˡ
ĺ֪ģҲܹԸ˵Ըϲ
˭ôãɲܶ˭ãֻܶԼá
ܳһɨ˲仯Σָ󣬲ɷ˵ߡ
ĻʲôбͯƯɽ׺ûأô񣿴ûѣʲô
˼أ͵ıܳôһûܷӦһģЩˤ
סΣʶҪܳٵ֣һҪͯﵽʲô
ǣܳٹִϲΥԸҪһ˲ķ꣬ǵû֣ƫִô
ݣΪжȻǺܴӱۣ߬ã˾ĸ¿һ
û÷ӣֻʾ
ƫƫ޲ʾʱֻۿűͷίͰֽ:£ſҺòãŪˡ
ܳԾһɣȴûзſ
˺ԼҲС
ǣΪʲôͲܹԹԵĸԼأ
ܵܳһЦ󣬺ķ:ԣȥ㡣
תͷȥɫɲǼһ˫ɫӣʱͰеĹ⡣
ͯ裿˵Ǻ⣿
ģһ˺ʱ޲øһУǣ˰ɵһϷŪ
طоϷBUGһĴڣȴͨŰһ
ֵͯϲֵΣԼҲˣֻҪġ
ͯȴ֪룬¶˾Ҫݺݲһţûа취ֻܲûͬ飬ܽͬǸСӶõӦеıӦͷ
ָ˻:㻹㶼ѾԴˣʲô
ɽģָʹʲôҪҸô

 23 

Ȼȫ˵ʲôȴúˡ
ζԴˣ
ɽȥȹϴֲ£ģֲڣΪֱӡֳէľٲά衣
ͯӽ⡣
ͯƯԵģ˽ɽռ淨
Ǹ֪ͼˣֺͯãʮֵıͬʱҲ϶ͯõѡ
ɽӴƽģǻ֣СС֣ʮʱҲôƻ˹
ʵڶʱܸܵͯԼòϵԽеģͯ輫俴òһֲ̬ĳ̶ȡ
ͬʱͯǵСŮС˼ϲԼͬƯ
Ҳ͵żܸܵͯƾƲıò
Ҳں
ںιϵǳһΪںֻͯԣͯǵһҲǶһ޶ġ
Ȼˣ˵һ£ò֮ȫںԭΪû
ûʱǴС䵽ģģû仯ֻͫɫǳٸЩ
ûԹòĿ࣬ûΪòԱȻҲóúÿơ
ϧͯ裬Զͯ˰ٲ˾룬ôõˣȻѣɲһ
פյһӦ͸ͯ衣ͯ谮øƯˣһܿġ
ˣҲͿġ
ǣͯһоܲãͯȫȫһһѲɡ
ԶһͯҲǴ飬߱ˣ
ôһ룬еҪƿ˼ĳ룬ͯµļ仰װˡ
ͬʮ꣬ǰ㲻֪ιˣǰȥ㣬أһ
һ
ˣʱ֮£
ͯմմ:ǵûдңĿ֮¡
ͯҭͣ۴Ƶһָͷָܳ:Ұٰ裬˵ɵѣ
ͯʣʵͷˮü˿ܳ٣ȴܳһ޹һֱڶٻͷͯ裬ʣȴָͯ˿ûֹͣ˼
֪⼸ζȹģܾ飬ǹʱ
ˣ˵ѣ
ڣ㻹ôⲻҪĽ
òªȻƽֵͬ׽ʵһֱҵòɣ
ԣڲŻݺݵزһţ
ôɹˣǿҵЦˣ
ڣ㻹ҪЩʲô
ͯһҳȥûȥӦܲסŰסı䣬ȥ۲컢顣
룬ʱŲǲںģֻҪڻϣߣĿľʹﵽˡ
Ȼ䣬˶һƷɣ˳޺ָڻ䴦ۡ
ڳĳܳ⣬һһܽˣȻˣΪ޴춯˲Χۡ
Ȼعŵܳ٣գգۣԴеͯɳȥһ˲䶼ſˡ
˻뵽ͯȴƶܳٺ־壬뵽֮ǰͯı֣:£۸ˣ
˵۸һ㲻ܳ۸Ⱥ庢¡
û
ܳһ˫ںڵ۾ҡҡͷ:˵ѡ
һ٣˵:㡣
ôܼһֻôª
㲻ἵǸ
ͬʱ˦ǿϻϵͯҲĵĻ
ҪˣģԲһ㲻٣

ֲƲǸС.أԭǸϹģ
ͯ豻ţü΢عһĨЦڵɰ׵ģֱģοҲǱܺɲ¸š:ҿаԣ顭߳ŭ˰ɣ
Ҳü
Ľһ޴ŮӶ֣Ǳɣûеߵġ
ȥһŲ֪Ҳ岻죬ֻñֳĬ
ܳٿɲԸͬŮ˷ϻҪ˵ӦԭըһѪӦûŵɣ
ҡôãµڮ٣
ܳһ룬۵йһ˲Ϣضͯʹ䡣
һĶԻͷԣܳ٣ܳһ䲻ֱܰҭ
öţתȥͯ:ͯ裬ҲãԭһֱôңҶûй֮ģ㵱ѣõѡ
ͯ費мһ͡
ôûм֮ģò֮Ըֳ.Ϊȫȫ֮ϵԽУôûУ
ԡ
ɬʳ:ԣ˵ǰ׷ʲôʱַʲô
ͯĻشһȣͳ׳մմǵѪ̧ۣףĿˮض
ǰԺУǡһϮµľ꣬ͬʶȴʮֲ֪ôʮֽѿľܾˡ
ͯ:
˵ʲôɲ˵Ļ
ȴ⻰ϻһ򿪿ɾˮкɵˣʵһһģҲ治ס
ͯס죬صģϸȴҲ:ҪҪȹ£Ҫҵ򹷡
ƭ㣬ƭפյΪұøˣͻΧȴ룡
ȴҾϧı㣬ʱҲᵽʲôǽ˷ļŭҪƱҪ                        
лҪ˵ͯ:Ҫ𣿡
:ߡ
ܳ:͡
:졭Ҷûüϵ

ĸ
ߵһд֡ͻ
ܲ
λ
Ϳ

 24 

ͯ˿ǱݵΪʹ߷߶š
ѩ׵ϣѪ͸Ⱦ׵Ƥ
ȫˣͯ˵ôìܣǰһָָ̻ʹСһֱԺеľɫ꣬ɰˣ
ȵȣ
ԺеľɫꣿѲСɣ
ԣһʼͯ軶ϲ£Ǽᱡͯ裿Լ˵ЩǺŪĹ
ȻͯʡǶǵȷȻû˵ᱡĻÿһÿһҭķŭȫȻС¡
ȴͯȫȫΣһֲ۵ĲС
ͷµķţЩЦǲŸղһɶ.һֹͯţΧ۵һĿ࣬ġҲţ
Ǹ߸ϵ˵Ů񰡣ôˣǰս˴˲˵˵ƫĻ
ֻһۼһῴֱͯѰЩ˷ܡ
С꾫¶ʵˣ
˿ҲΣⳡ棬Ҳûôһֹͯ־ҪɲɣƵĶ˾:㣬㻹ðɣ
ͯȴһ˲ըëһѳĴ֣ڵĶܲˣܲ˳ªĶˡ
ĳ뷽ܳһ̫أһƿȫûĹǣ˼ζûסΣֱֳѩִ׳ĺβͣס棬סƽ⡣
ϹҶѪˣû£һӲҵƤ˺˰
ֻͯҪһڱϲƫĵĻﻰһߣеƹˤζķ:˵㶼ˣŵģ
û뵽ֻ蹷˭ҧ˭ϰˣֻСﱳûҲں
ֻǿĬĬԶǣԱʸûС
ȻǲںΪͷƺϻƽھֶǺͰֳµģǶͦкøУԸΪ򱧲ƽȴ١
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¿óۣͯһۺ󣬼ڽ:ϣɧƾʲô󰡣
ҿɿɧһɾء
ôţɧĲʱصﰡԼԼ
¿ҲˣƫԸʾβ
ģֻҪʾ䣬ζûش𣬻ûش滰Ǳͷ
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ݣҾϹʮҲƲǡ
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ϣͯ㲻һߡò
ôͨˣ
ΪΪˣ
ΧȺУһĨýһζͯ軹ûü˭ȺС
ǣ˻ͯ賰Ц
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Ҳǳϻûô
һ˫ĺ۱ֱɨܳ٣鲻٣ֻڲסĺ⡣
һ
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Ȼܳٻ治ߣлȸԾ
ãѪȣһǶԲѷĳˣͲֿ佱ˡ
ˣôʶǸͯ裬ǸʹһЩС˼ԵײСѩ
Ի˼Ūˣͯ裿
ֻͯ꣬Щֶ꣬ʮڶԸֵһᡣ
˵ˣʵǲģͬ˵ֻʳ˼ֻ˾ǰ
ȻͯĻֽǿŻһ˿ڴϣģݺһ
£ҪǱӡȥ˺
˰˵׽ʺţֻͯʵش:ͯһûôҲδ˲
ߣСӾҵңҵȻҪϳƭʯʱȥ֣ҾͲţʱŪСӣ
һҪܾҪʩӸҵ˺򱶷
ͯĿ¶׹⣬ݡ
ʹƯƤôһ飬ҲЩɲˡ
ǻô˵ţЫˡҲ˲ҿ
ͯźǺһѪԭĴմ˵ʪʪʺ죬ʹ˵֡
ˣһĹǰܵȫһ飬ûƲ磬Ǹرĺݽɫ˷޷ȫˡ
ͯ۵ȾһĨʺ죬ȫˣЮ.˵ܹģǲ·ģ
ۣͯ裬Ҫɱͬ׽úݵİµȥ𣿡
˵һֱΧྐྵӵֱֱĴ̽̵㶣һɱΡ
ͯһ:²ȥ֣һֻ.ˣԼһˣ
ҪܳеҸŸ߹ͬһ棿
ɵҪֺ˭Ҳ
Цˡ
:
žĸоˡ
ƣ˵׼˰ɣͯһʼģѽѹͲһ·
ۣûƳѽͯôҰأ
ҰҰܱһǧꣿɱеĴݶˣ
Ѱ˼Ѱ˼һǧ꣬ǰ
ӷҵ糱ˮһӿȴʲôˡͯһһͷһƵľͽ뺣ס
:ôˡ
һBUGȻһᶼûһӵͨNPCˣ
ˡ
ΪԼһֻȴû뵽ԼֻǣȻں׵һһӾͰҧˣ˺ģһӶĸ鶼ˡ
ʣ̰ôһֻҪô룬ûҧҲͰˣҧȻõóԵ⡣
ܽޣ
ɡ
˿̾ؿڱɬʡԼӣЦ̫ˣǺ꾫ԣҲǸɵƣѷ򵱱
ʱܳٵķŭֵȴѾ˶塣
Ŀڵ۵׶˲㼸ʵʵɱ⡣
ܳٻ̧֣һֻרעĲֻҪܾĥ
Ȼڻһ˲䣬ͯٿȻӰȥ͵Ĵ˸תȴͯȻǰ
ܳټ̽һ֣ȴΪܣǷ۵糸˲Ϣ֮䣬ȫ⡣
һ̫ǧɲǼ䣬˺ͯǳذ˾򣬰Ƥ⣬Ƥ
:
ǲǿˣȻӡˣұ֮ǰˣ
ͯ:
.Ȼڲңбӡ                        
лҪ˵༭ͨˣȷ815ţҲvvֵϣ
һ˳vľУ֪ʲôãҪҪ㣬ݰʲôģҷɡ
ĳлһֱѽҲϣҼ֧ѽ
͡ɡv۷ϣۣзϡ
ооϹл

 25 

ͯ˫Ŀǽ̵, ΪŵƤͬѪ˿Ƥ˺, ٰʹƤÿһ񾭴ʹϢ, ȴʮѡ
ֻʱͯ軹ԼƤ˺ˣֻΪʹڽˣϾŻѪаƳƤ
ֻܾ㵣ίڵ, һ˫޵ӲѪ˿, ˼ؽš
ǺѪ˿һΪ̵ģһΪ
Ǹòƽƽĳ.󡣬Ȼڽⱬһɲ, ǲҲ, , ԭԭĻԭͯС
ͯģϾֳֻĳ.󡣬ƾʲô㡭
ƯȴºУ崿޺֮ȴú, ȻŴֲ, ȫÿһ綼ſɼľ¡
ͯһӣȴӲӵеòʹפյ, ѪƤõ˺ܴŻı֮ģͬԭӵеʮǧ
ͯΪԼǿˣȻΧȺڵһڵȴ
û
Ҳˡ
ĿݣݰףѩɷȫǾ뷲ľ顢Ů
ͬģҲԼǿֶǲΪ֮ԶַӦһǱԼΪ޵ˡ
ȻΪԼ⣬˿Ҫ⡣
߽ͯ裬׵ǰȴڿһüëǳɫͫ͸˲ɻ󡪡
ͯϾЩ֧ϸƣҲû룬ֱۣ:ͯ裬㷽ԣɶ֮ԣ
룬˵ǼٵİɣƭһƭңһĹɣұ㣬ؿ嫣ټҲҸԼһӡ
ɽȴʧ֮С
Ȼˣʱͯû䣬ǾƲ³桱Ǹֵģƫƫ˵ͷЩɬ˵:Ļ㰡һֱǿɱЦС.ء
³仰̫ͯˡ
ָڵϣָڷ˰ףΧһȦ졣ĵָЩܲסˣдָ˼ʮָģȴ˿ۡ
ȫʶϡ
δпİǶڵУ˹»Թ
ûס桱Ǹֵʱ˦ͯһơ
ʮֵۡ
Ȼƭƭһˡ
û뵽ǣһƵ£ͯϱҡҡ׹һ㱡Ƥ
ֱеĴʼܵԾģһ۾Ƽճŵһ鱡ģƤм֯ʲ
ɻؽǿƤмָ⣬ɻ̧ͷȥͯ衪
ͯΪ˦һƣӶ˦Ťˣںȴҵͷݺ˦ͷ񶾵һ۾͵
ϸķ˿ֱͦıϣϸµĺڡŨ޵ĺ졢ҫ۵İףвҵİ̡
췢ǹ⣬òȡˣɣȴڿͯݵһɲǣĵ˸ƨɶա
ѩ׼֮£ɲ
ʱԼŵƤֱӦ˹ٴսͯ裬Сè㻺ְһƤеʲͯ.¶ˡ
ȤһץеͭͱץС
ƵͯǰͯҲԼҵ״:ͯ裬ԭ߾Ƥ
˭֪ԭԹͯ裬һӾͱɫԹʧɲǣת˲ͱ޴ľ־
ԭò
һѷͭȻȴһֽͭƻǰʱȴһ˲ʧãͯⶶ촽ûлشʾ䡣
:ͯ裬ôˣĹػǵĮ
ͯȴҲ̶ֲܲ
˫ĿĹµ
ԭ
Ƭ̣ζӡ
㶰գԳ㹴˴ǡ
ԭһʼûĴ
ͯ費ʲôƲ磬ֹƣֱ񼫡
ͯ豾Ʒ߹ѩһ塣
ѩһòȻھ֮ϡ
ʱδεͯѩ
֮ʱɫϼ⣬ǳ
ںһֻͨĺ꣬ȻͨʮƯ
һë׵ɽѩˮͨûһ˿ëƤëĩҸӨӳϵϼ⡣
ѩƯһֻѩ궼ԡͯѩδ
Ȼͯ費츳㽫ͬĺ˦󣬶һһԲ֮ҹóΡ
ɱ෢һҹ
ͯǶƯĲ٣ģøªݡ
οݣͬãڵƤɰͰ͹ǰɼ߹ǣ㣬˿ûŮǺ޹Ǹɿݵ֦
СԴƫƫ˶ζƲ˵Ǳ鲼ɫ̥ǣɶһһ̥֮࣬ϻİߵ㡣
ͷݻëڣһץһһѵ䡣
ȫ£Ψһ˫ܿ
ں꾫ۡ
Ưͫɫ͸˿ǡ
ʱͯ費ţԱַߺޡСأֱߵĺһһûΣഺáԼȴªеĽһ̱飬سɻҡ
һֱԼδջʱ䣬ѩĳת˲
ǵɽʩչɹõ˵ľͻᱻǷϺɽɽѩǵĵ̣ѩͬѩԸ֪ͯһ·
ȻͯòΣһʼں峤Ǻ£֤֮⣬̫þͲǺˡ
ǻ츳¡
һգͯ豻ǿιһΪĻε
ǿò߷ǲݣɽ
ǿѣ뷲ΪΪɱȡǡһһĳǣһһƤ
Ƥˡ
ͯصУѩ
ñȴûӹץ
롣
Ѫծһǿ԰ǣԱȴ裬ֻҪ΢һ̼̮Ъ˹
ϸѡĿ꣬һֻȲԼܾı΢ª׷֧ԼǴġһĽ
ƽȴһϮµľɫơ
ЩСء΢ĻͬŨĺҹһƿ׶룬ͯһɴ
ͯ跴Ӧ޴ܽģ׷ģƤѪѰǱ΢ĹȥŲǸ棡
ƾʲôĿֱɵȴܵõòĶǲϳģõԴӦòߵģֻҪòԵòܻϿɣõһУ
òòôһжûģжӦñٵ飬̤裬ͬһ㣬
˿̣αװ˺ѣֿʵ
Ǹ񵽲ѩϣǷ޲ýʧģıò
עͭԭ
òҪˡ
֪ƤһĶȻƤ
ë𣬶񺮵Ľ˦
Ǳһ㼸͸ƤƬƣͬҶһҵϣմȾ
һƽضķƴڿд˸ƮԶˡ
ΧһƬѵõļžǴ˿̻δӾ޴аγ
ͯ죬һƬЩĿģһƿ̵ȥ׷
ǵģҵģҵ
ֻ¶һֻˮ޵ۣģΣֱҲվƬҲԶˡ
Ǹʧǵģҡҡͷǰȥ
ǸˣΪͯеϧȴû˿ͬ顣
ݻжãԣĶ
ͯ裬Ȼõһ˿һͬ顣
һ˫һĮͯǰ
ȻԭʧǵͯȴͻȻ¶һ˫ͫѪΰɺ죬Ȼ
Ǻս״̬
Ҫ˺Ǹƽġªġֵһģȴɼĸ.󡾫
ۿ֪ˣãδ˿ģһ˲֮ġ
ѸԲͱܿͯĹ
ͯ˸գٻعԵسٴȥûԥһ׾ͯ¡
ͯ辪Ȼһˣٵʱѱʹø䶨סΡ
ûͬһϻ춼Ųǿɬ·һ죬³ģһ̲൨ˮ
޲ɱͯ裬޷ɱһĻܵĽҲȥɱˡ
˶ͯͷʩ˾䡣
Ϊ׻ǳЩÿֻΪ㹻ˡ
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Χ۵ģĿ⾼עһһ
ڻǺӦڵǸͨѰȴɰС˿ȴҫ۶Ŀֻǡ
̫ˡ
۾ûǹˡ
ҫ۵ĮȻر¨Уֻһ˱ֱȴıӰ
Ȼ:ͯ趼Դˣȴһ
û뵽ͯȻ
Ǹȷô
ǰ.ˣΪߣһ߹󣬴Сͱ鵤ҩѳˡ
¿⼫ˣһ˫ˮĴ۽һȺһɨЦһ:ϣ֮ǰҪҪôûһȥأ
֮ǰһĽͯСǴ˿̵һһľʣ̣װףüۡ
ǿͯ裬еĶӣеķߺǰݺݲ
¿黺ۿűһ仰ɿǣȻ
ͯҪĽ
Ƥ࣬ɫˣչһò٣ͽһǧٿ׵꣬ʱĴ
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ܳĬĬǴȥͯиӦһɫްû̫ڸӣһ𣬾ֻʣһ̲ǡ
ߴ͸λεչ⣬ƽĽӵһܳɫ޲һƬġ䵭ûľżˡ
չ£һ۵ĻǴһܵɱεġŭĺɱûͯǰ

ˡ
ԼҲܻˣϾ߯ˡ
ϸϸ˼мѭ
̫ɵ̫ͯΣӶ߯˾
ûôôƫƫأ
ôͻأ
ڱ˼ŪңɽЦ
ĳദһĻĻƵĻΣЩЦ⣬˿ֱĴ̣
ûаѰײ˸ȥڽƣߣʲô鶼᲻ֻһͷ浽˯ذ
ſڱйƵĺ˼ɴײ꣬ûôͺˣҲʲôʱ˯ˡ
ܳϢڴ߿һһıڱĸʱûп޹Ĵкʱۿ
ȻֻҪֻһˣֻ˺ķʽ
ܳھˡ
þ͸򵥴ֱŮΪġ
ٴһŨڵҹͷû¹⣬һڣտּž
ֲ˿Լ۾Ǳ۾ģŬգգȴһ˲˸ͨ͸
ûҪΪֻͯ꾫ܣʧȥĲһֻĺ꾫ѣοԣٺòˡ
øлѽлƭ
һ˲뿪ģĿʣͷסһƬŨҲҹ紵ߡ
׵¹أɴ룬ӳڵϣһΰ͡
͵¹⿴޻ܳ١
ԭۺëʵֻ࣬ǣôһֻˣȴҪһ޻ѣίˡ
ų㷭´齣׵ܳࡣ
˵ҲһѽСصĵӣһҪıĲҽﻹΪǺ꾫ģ
յȫ˦ߣСɵԴ󣬾һԵԲ𡱣ŵطش齡
ԲҪ˵ĻΪͯϷʱ˼ľܳٶǸ
ôôأϾжԷͯʱڵԸȻֻһʴһʴУСҲԲǵɫħѽ
ΣľҪ顪
ҪѸ͸ߵİײ˸ȥ
Ҫȥһ˼УϾҲ˽ǲȱˣֻѰѰĳԶƴ齣òС˯ί
棬û˫ЬҪð¶̫̫ˣǰǿۿӣһ̾
ֵùߵӰǰͷˡ
Ժ..ˣҲˣҲܳԵˡ
һֵÿĵ飬ۣǣ׹˯С
Ϊͷһܳ˯ߣڶվĺ硣
⻹һɻҵɫȴѾȫˡһѺܲˣ˯һҹˣԿɲ˯ȥ
Ьӣţ峿ķ紵ۣʹ˸顣
һȥˡ
ϴһɫУرQ˳
ֻһٷڿɶҪ
ʰһ³ͷȴǿŵĻƻ㡪
ýǵˡ
æɱ㣬Ȼûʶ˿̣ڱĳֻ̬ɽ͵š
ܳٽԼʶſԺӣԣȻʵʵ޻ſţѾ񳿶ʲôһˡ
ʶɢڿУʲôͬϵӽǡ
С鶯ӰԺæţֻһŹ¶ڰģһ֮ģ⡣
׼緹С𴲣Ȼһתس׵ĹٻعͷȴܳȻǰ
Ȼϡ
:
û뵽ǣСɾȻһԻ
ܳ:
Ȼ㿴һޱ飬ʵ΢Цңʲô㰡
緹ǻƻ̰̰׵֭渡һ㵭֬ʻʻζֻ˺޲ðͷʵ
ܳٳԵĺ㣬󣬾Ҫʰӡ
ܳɴδСʲôı׻ǲֻ֣򷢵һԿзѡ
ܳϲзѣҲͲˣ¶ǣҲʰꡣ
һЦյı¨:£ҪȥͰײˣȥȥ
ܳ˹ؿı¨ΪԵñõ飬˲Ͳôˡ
ΪʲôҪȥıˣ
ֻô
ϸµز׽沿ٵһ˲ȻΪǳԱ˲Ը⶯:Ȼ㲻ԸȥҾԼȥһͻ
˵ҲܳٻƹߣȻ¨ͱ˴Ӻͷץס
:
Ťͷȥεؿܳ١
ܳٱŤŤ:˵һ˵ġ
:
ΪʲôͰ͵ģ趨ǴɰʹʧˣҲı߹޵Ҫˣ̫
һ·ߵĺܳأΪϵı¨կиСͶ񡪡
ްġģڶ͵ƳȴӴʲôֲĶһߵģ֮ӵ׽͸
ɻˣô˵ǰչʾһԼΪôĥһ꾫
Ǳ㳡滹û
أԳ˼ʵһЩЩС⣬ѽʵͦô
ȴ룬ܳ溮Ʊ۷絶Щ͵С֣ųһֻֻȡ
֪иСٻ
˵ľһ
ǰ·ȥ߼ұؾģֲɱĿͯʩĵط
״ĵһۣͯѲǴˣ˻ˣܹ飬ٹעˡ
УܳȲںͷֱ˸ԺǰһѱסܳϵǷȶһ˿Ѻۡ
һһ
ձܳܺ󣬾һֱ԰Ū߲ˣȻûע⵽կзʲô¡
ֱǶĻ¿ĵòУ̫ģҪȥ
ȻͬϬһ㣬ԺҪȥѰһתѾ
ң绨¿˵øˣҲƯˣ
ڿͷɫӨ͸죬ãͯûʲôӰ졣
ûܿס飬һѱסȴڱסһ˲䣬˱顣
ĿܳĬĬɫ䣬Ŀʮֲơ
:
Һ¡
ߵСΪٰܳͯķɵģһֱе־塣
סܳٵѹûз֣ĸˡ
ܳ:
ûбôҫ
ܳѹŭһ˫Ũڵüѹļͣһ˫ķâȷʵɱһ
Ȼߵһ˫¹ۣƫƫװģܿ񶾵Ŀ⣬ףר־ϵС¨޹ġ
ͷЩһ˵ĸоΪͯ˵̫ںܲϲ˴
˵϶˺ߣԣֻǸɸɵĸ߱۰С˵:ж
ߵþһɿ֣ȥ壬͵͵ȥƳܳ٣ȻĿⶼûüͶϣͱһӺ˻
:
ҰСӣҲ̫Ұİɣ

˰ײ˺ܿģȻһľͶ䣬֪ҪȥɽͷļУû˵ʰ˶վǰ
ЦЦǰ·ͱͣˡ
㶿˸سɴһգ۵Ĺ˾ͳֵļڴ
ȫˣһ˫Ҫˮ¹ۣ˿̸ųݵĹâ
ܳ:

һѱסֱ:ۣҲ̫˰ȡ
ܳ:
ٶ
ߵǾˣļ֣ż򣬱ήţһܾСݡ
֣ʶͷܳ٣ȴܳһ޹˫ڵۣο
ջ߿ߣɻ:ߣ㲻𣿡
һػһӾͿ־Ҫȥȴܳٵĸѹֱˡ
ߴ˿̻ܾС¹Ҳˣ΢Դҡҡͷһͬٱš
ܵߵĲԾȷʵҲûʲô쳣õطѲɣҲԼΪ嵽ˣ
һ룬һЦ㰲οһ¸ߡ
һЦһЦʮҪ޵£ᷢһ
ȻôĵȴֱӰѵСĸˣһŤͷײ뼯ڣֻ:ϡ
ͷûлһ¡׷
̫ˡ̫ˡ
оٲ߾ͻᱻԵһ
ɵôôֲִһ𰡡
ɵ˵ʱɵˣĶӵıӰͷȥ˿Լ˫֡
ô
ܳ΢һ㣬ֻǵš
յݲ԰׵֣˽֣ڣᳶ˳½ǣͷʱתΪĹɡ
ʵģֻˡ
ܳʱº͵ģĵ׶ºͣ:ô˼£
ܳ΢ףڵۺˮ⣬С:Ƕҡϲ𣿡
һ뵽Сҵͯ꣬һĸذĺӰ
һСͱ̤ĿӰ
ɬˣȥܳٵԴСȣޱᡣ
:ϲϲˡ
ɲǵϲôҲϲôһڻֱûˡ
ܳ΢΢ͷϸµĸĴɵֻè
ֻϲңϲˡ
:
ⲻԣﲻԡ
ûӦֽӲͣ࣬ﻹͷϱ̫ɹů¶ȡ
ܴһפ㿴һ硣
죬֮ۡ
úΣȻܳٵ֣ĴУӲֵĹץУȥС
ܳȴĺ˶䡣
ǣǣˡ
ֺ֪ûйͷһСղֻ֡
ܳȴûеĿġ
ûдӦ
ϲˣԱЦԱ˺ã׽ˣ
ܳûбץŵֻ־սˣĿֳȥǱ벻ɢӣɡ
һּΪӵҪܳٱƷˡ
оħʱĥ
Ȼܳٵĸһ֪뿪Ǵ˷ҵ·ڣҲߵһƧĽ䡣
Щֵֹıעŵ˺ߵĿڲˣһȻɿܳٵ֣ʼָͷҪȥЩʲô
ıſ¶ȽˣܳٻάǸǣŵƣְָֻֻԭı䡣
ܳƴѹǻڷӿŵı꣬Ŭӡ
ʧʱӡ
»ŵ


ֿտģŽʱͬգҪɹĶͻǳ࣬һ¨϶װ¡ޱܳ٣Ⱦλկĵӡ
طǼֱǻʹһĴڣֻԶԶĿͬˣֱͦӣʮƵС
Ǽĸ߶ѳ̬ǽһǰ룬žͱһèСӭסˡ
СǸǼ̤ĵһ͸ܵһǿãǸ͡
͹٣ҪЩʲô
ɨһ̵Ĵţװο˵ǺݻˣСһЦ:Ǭ
ƯЦ崺磬СеƮˣ͵רŸռĹ̨
һֻ幤ĴӣѪ󣬾ȥ
һ̧ۣˡ
ǸΪϲСĴ񾫡
ȻˣǾٲһѣЦӯӯһ׺󣬴˸ۿۣҲӦ´ʱضŴԼֱ֯
Źͷ֣Щƽͬ鵭ǣڶ
ûãͨ͸ˡ
Ĵ嶼ЩЦ滢񲻺ˣǾԴȻвͬ׽
˺ܶණˣһ·ЦЦģЦˡ
ֻû⣬ܳٵȴԽԽ䣬ԽԽ䣬ԽԽ䡣
˺ܶණҲãֱɫе̯ӳ̯еĵ̱ţֵĴСǶֻгȥûнˣһ𡪡
ˣ̫ˣ滹ûء
һ·СܣܵʳǰʱСȸҲѾʼʰʰ׼̯ˡ
۵ùǺƽºһѴסСƽպϵţһ̧Ƥ:ϰ壬ô
Ů𣬹ƣһȸͺ
סŵŮȴԼһֱŮһ˫ɫǳͫˮĶţһ˲
붼û룬˵ͷΪ󳨿˵š
ûչˣҲôнϵõ
ֻǣ˵ƷֵʱȸȴùֻϵĺһֱûЩǸȻ:ʵڶԲסûע⣬ԭҪ涼ˡ
ͺʧˡ֪ԼӦ̰棬ⲻĶûأҲˣҲøΰˡ
Сôߦ棬͸ء
СʧȫȻȸУŮǣ˵ȸҲû룬档
ȻҪ۹ˣǣǰһס棬۸ȻһЩҿ㾭ˣҲͬǮɡ
ɲǾɣǹǼܹеֿ
ȸòмһЦ棬
뵽ɫ뵽߻ڵһͺѸ٣һһγ˵š
ٵȸһȥľһǵ۽ǡ
ߵĻҡҡͷ
ˣƷ׿ɽģ䲻ʲôںĶֳףܹ츣ĺ¡
γ˷ţܳٵߡ˿ûע⵽վõܳ١
Ҫˡ
Ѿ̵̫̫ˡ
ôܶЦó
ʱɫҲѾȫȫ
Ѿڼڴ˺ܾˣʵǵȲסˣŴȥѰϣһתͿҹĻײ˳
˼ҵôǺܱǸڻصկеʱʹǬзй𻨸⡢ŴǵݸߣһΪǸ⣬һҲø߰ʳ
Ȼ˹𻨸ͺܿģȴ˵ĲҲһɨֵܳٵ汧˱ϲ̵ػؼˡ
ʱ֪һΪлССӵȻѹܳٵһݡ
صҡ
ܳٻһı張ʲһ̱ˡ                        
лҪ˵Բ𣡣ˣǸ΢ԭ°Ժÿ9£˻˵

 26 

ҹܴ, λİףܳ, Ե˶ɢһ
Ƶ÷衣
һ춼
ԱЦЦģ̰Ц, ȴԴκ˶޲͡
ҡ
Ѿ˵ϲǣȴԸֻϲ
ԸֻϲҪȥϲ˭
ֻܳ¹, ò, ʵԼ޲þͱ
ӵǸܹģֽİ
ʹʱܵõĴ, ֻ¹, ȴʲôʱӵʲôʱӵ, ʲôʱ׽ʲôʱ׽һ㶼һ

ҩΨһľꡣ

ȻܳΪʵҪʱȴ㼵һ֪
ʱƣۣչһ, ֳʮµڲٵ, Ӷ¸йЩۻΧĻ͸֪ĲǺ
Ųӻص, ƶõ㣬һ࣬Լ׵ϡ
ۣһ̾
ʱȫûоȥעܳʲô
ֻԼͦա
Ȼ죬ܳҪĴ齻û򵽣Уûмĸľġ
ˣôӳ飬ȥ鷳һ»֣ýɽĹ͸ȥʱҲΪزͱڲƭ
ĥĥţʶ磬ĳĹ׹˯Ρ
ܳԺУɱʶȴȫбʶԺҴܣͼܳõĽ磬ҪȥЩȻЦݵСȫɱ⡣
ǴȥֱһʶܵԲ̵ıǼ⡣
һ˲䣬סˣеʶ˹ȥ
ܳƽͰȵĺܵİϢһűҲƽͷȥһǽþõͶǴ
Ҫôӵأ
ܳૡ
۵׾Ǵ޴롣
Ǹǿȡ
ʹԼҲԲܰܡ
֪Ǿģӿĵһۣǿ־ģԡ
ҪءαװƭԼΪ־ӣһһ
ӵ뻳У˵⡭
ҹּž
Ȼ˯߻ܳĶܰƽǣܳٽҹȴѵõİ
ûһɵϡ
ҹ͸ϴϣӲ䣬˵ˣС޻ѶȲϡ
ܳȴջȫʶۡЩõĻ䣬źҹӿڡ
ĸ׵׵ճѪĳޡҪ̳Ķ
İĻ߽಻Ⱦ˳ɡͯͯܼȭߡԮ޾Ĺ¶
Щ޿ײ롢֮ȥһ룬ѡ
ܳȫȫЩУʱȫ߳亹üʹţˮ۽ޣ۽ǻ䣬ᡣ
岻ԾԼֻǴ¶ģȥͬ顣
ȴ԰Ρ

ðȻ˯ϣͻȻԵļ鴤߼׹䴲齣Ȼһſ˫Ŀ
ֱ˻ȷԼȻȵڴţ˿ףϰԵȥܳ١
Ȼ޻Сѿտյܳ١
һȫޣƿӣ´ȥҡ
ͷżδ˵ϴЬԵʪʹȫ󣬼ˡ
һȦˣںھ룬ĵһ֮У䣬²ʲ¡
һˡ
ڣռŵӣڸֲɱĻص˹µһ˵״̬ˡ
˰Σ漴̾˿ش˯ʱȴžҹɫġ֨ѽһ
Ϊҹ̫Ϊĸйٺһ
ԺУȥȻ뵽ڿǻָˣרעʶųһʶȥ
ʶ˰̽ŷ죬۵ʵ֦Ҷ䣬ͷԵ̽
ֻһۣͿ˿μ䣬ŵġͣСɡ
:ѵħַˣ
˿Ҳ˲ö룬ŶȴڿҪӽܳٵʱ򣬻˲ӡ
ԼؿںᣬۿҲᣬеֲоģԭˡ
֮Сʹ尾ҲúѰѰ
ߵһ࣬ȥĿĿܳ٣ϰԵľȥԴһֻƵĦı
Ϊɤ̫ͣ³ͺܼѣ˺üοڣɬ:££ôˣ
ħַ𣿡
ʲôõΣ
𣿡
²£ߡ
ϸૣܳٶֽ
Ƶ¶ȴӱȵģĵ顣
ܳټһ˲䱻ˡҲһ˲ˡ
Ϣ࣬Щ֮ȥĻһ˲䱻飬ȥӰ
ֻ֪Ҫڣη塣
ܳŵ建չ亹Ҳ͸ˣţ۵òС
＾ҹ׻ģܳٻģһĺӦò
۵ܳԴ:£һ£ȥʪʪ
˵žȻĴܳٱȥ
ϣŵĴ꣬ͻȻһֻ԰ϸݵ֣׼ȷץס
˲󲿼Ȼס
ߡ
ͬʱ³ֵʱܳٸ첲һѣͽˡ
:
Զʱա
޷˼ʲôˡ
ֻáܳϺӲʯͷҵۡ
˺ܾõԵʣܳմҹĺ¶һıһĻ
ܵ¶һ崫ʱ˲ӲȴɿƵĿֹ
¾ܳٶ󣬷뾱Ľ紦԰׵ڣǳɫڶ΢ţſţиֻȥҧһڡ
Ȼûüҧأ;òԼֱ۽һЩݵļơ
:
˵һ仰ˡ
Ҷһ¡
Ӧ̫˰ɡ롣
˵Ҫů롣

ܳս˫ۣʹŮԼﰴ
ڴõĻȻĲ񻰡
ͷŮ羱ǼӯŮ϶Ϣͷøˣǲ:뿪ҡ
ֱѹڱۼ䣬ŬȻܳٷһӵĸȻ:


ƿҡ
Һ¡
ĺ¡
ЩԱ˺ãһȥ
Ψһ
ܳһ̻ȥˣеĴȫȫչָ
ͱˡʱҪܣͽΣҲ뿪
ˣһĸ֮ȽȽһܳ:á
á
ҲҲƿ㡭
ˣҪ˺òã
һһϣʪȵϢȫܳٶ
ܳһе򰡣İͱԽԽ죬ԽԽ졭
Դ޲޾ȫľ̵ܳϡ
˿μˣԼ̫˽ˣӦðռΨһһŴģСҲΪ˯˯ͷجˡ
˰ˣֻҪ˯ʱʵһ㣬мڸͷôһŴʵǹ˯ġ
οܳˣŲ˼ʱĻΣҪǱɼˣռĵط͸Сˡ
ˣ͸ܳ:°û򵽴ҺܱǸҪǾ˯һŴϰɣһ㡭
˵ͬʱܳһҧĲ
̵ϢݣУʪ⡭
ûҲûиоۣ类еĴ̼Уһ˲ͽסˡ
ĻȫȻû븹С
ʼ񣬺ʼͣͣտʼ죬俪ʼգǿʼҡ
:
ȫ±У                        
лҪ˵ˡ

ǸǸ

 27 

òԼ, Сɷˡ
޷ƵĲţȫѪҺʼ, ӿµǴ
ֿ̼־塣
һֶֿܡȫĵطڣʳ, һƣ޴ӡ
ڵȴһеģеʹ̴ֱƤ, ٵʹ
Ȼ, ֱȫÿһŵļⶼʼ飬Ҳʼûҧ
һ⿪ʼɡ
ȴͻȻ, һʹ, ݴ̴Ƥ, ͻȻֲ
:ү
͵طеѹϣ̧ĨһѲӡ
ˡûеʹҲûеѪ̵ð
ոյ۱ȻǼٵġ
ʵ̼
Ϳܳ, :, ҧңϳѪķۺδ֣һ˫ÿʪģȴȱˮһġ
ܳٴײҿͨ, 岻Ķţһֻ˴µè
ôģһӾͽϨеŭûˣǶûһ취
ԶǵŵģһͰ͡۵ģʱĲˡ
ʲôԭ¡

ܳһ˲ʧˡ
ûʧϲ˾ͽԼȴǽסȥ룬뿪ô
ôأ
롣衣ᡣ
ԣߡһҲᡣ
ܳʱŲĻ
ۣȴֲֹۣʹ࣬ĥʹࡣ
ʹ࣬ȴʲôҲܶ
ʹࡣ
һ̣ǿҵ׳ͷԣûеŮԶԼ
ռݣһҧĲ
Ҳһ˲䣬ⴥŮȵƤĵĴ⴫ݻ̨ʶȴԥ֮£˽ĸ˻ӡ
ӡǡ
ˡ

˿̶ԼѾӡǵһŲ֪ǰŵСɣŮĸ֮ļӳ£ٴγ֡
ףĶͷ΢ϸĴУ:ᾭج𣿡
֮ǰð
ٰܳͷø¡
ί:ÿ춼ǡ
û˵ѣ֮ǰĺܳһʱÿһҹĻٺܱۡ
ۻˣһӾͰѿСܳ˻С
Сܳϵ¶ȸһ㲼ϴݵǰϸͷ°͵ʱԼԿǴԼҲˡ
ʲôʱ򵱵ôˣ
ʱһҵĸףĺܾӣͲڻжȦˣȻˡ
ʵסܳٵһܳһµġ
عЩϲ͹ɵţֱ۾Ļ
ϸޱ֡
žҹգ¹ʣżһķ磬ͷҶɳɳ졣
̧ͷ͸ϡϡҶ룬Ҫ˰Ҫͺˡ
ܳٵĶᣬ˸Ƿ:ôҪҪȥ˯
ȴһҲЩʲôɬص˵ͷ
:ⲻ԰ôɬĸСϱһǲʲôˣ
Ͻ:£㲻Ҫᰡ˵ǿԸһ˯Ǿ޻Ӳ
Сһ㶣ϾȻ˲ۺ졣
:ܾʲôʲôأ
²͸
ҪҪٽͽͣ
ҪͣȻܳûᡣ
ֻһգ־ͱܳһ߬סȻľͱǣ
ܳٺܹɺԾɵ࣬ӽԼס
ʱɽżˣֱͦͦţȻĵȴ
ͷһأͬͬء
ǲ˵Լкøˣ
ܳβסЩȸԾˣȻһССС
Լ滵
͸ˡ

˿̶̵ģһˡ
룬СŮǰ嶯˼ѿڶ
ǾǺѰһ£˺ܴһŴϸ˯ġ
ǡ
Ƴɵĵ۾רע컨ܳ٣ˮϴ׵Ķ
ôడŮģ˯һŴˣǶô˼һ°
ĺڿǺҪ˯ߵģ
ʵʵһֱСɵӸ˯һʵҲ
԰ɣ
һʮֱ˵Լ
ŴԵ£˹ϱӣŬӪһԼŵģ
һ룬˵ץѣֱм䡣
˾˯ĲͬһŴһ
Ȼ׵ػסԼףܳЦŵߣƽ˫ۡ

Ϩ˵ƣʱһƬھܳרע컨۾գһգ
ǶԼƭװɵΪһСģǣﶼȴܴ޲Լһ㡣
˯ߣԸܵѾĵˣİ˯һҹ
㣬ǣ˯
ߺܿ죬֪ġ
ͷȥĺʱѾ೤ƽˣ̽Եػһ:
ûлܳپͺ޳ܵС˵:
ɲǣҵ֣
˯šú»ʡ
ûӦҲûܳپڱץ
ûüأֻС־ڱԽԼĳǽԽ˺ܴһյأѰ֡
Ǳģȵģ֣Ȼֿͬһ
ûʶĶִ˴ߣһ£߽˵:¡¡
ˡ
ܳ¸
ĶҪڻˡ
Ҳûбȴ˿̸İʱˡ
ǡ
ֻ̰ܳĵ˵:
ɲԱң
Һ䡭
תſһֱֻۡ
ȫʶΪҲȫĵΪ
ܳ:
ĽʵԼˣҪƮˣ
ܳ:
ǲֻϲһˣ
ɳġš
˯ɣ˯ɡ
ܳٱۡ
װˡ

һ峿һΡ
þûлϱӵˡ
μͯ꣬Ǻǵõͯꡣ
Ůһ˺ѵкܵĶԷ񶾡Ϭֱɡԣ޲ҪԷ̳¶ǡ
ͶڵķĹһֱķ죬ϡ
Ӱһ׵Ĺ⣬ƽĮĿŷһС
ֱŮˣˤŶŮվڵǰǻŬƽźȥۣһȿ޻Ҫ΢Ц
ƿţϵһ˲Ĵ㵣˻:ôûڴϣ䣬
˵žҪ۱ܿ侲شӵȥ:
ŮˣⲻԼ崥ġŮ˾סĺ󱳣ı˵¶Ȼഫݡ
һŮ˾Ƕ䣬ͷ۾ӣͣһһӹİģžй̵ˮҵϡ
׵ķˡתȥĲСᡣ
ǸǿڵƽĮ٣ۿͨ죬ʹʪͷ:費ޣ費ޡ
ƵĿռĸŮˣŮˣ۾˯ˡ
ȥŮˣŮ˾ץ֣ףȻյĿڣ˵:ԡ
˯˯ɡ
Ů˺ͺѵõǣůĻߣŮ˾뿪ˡ
ʵʵĹޱ£Ĵġ
м俪ʼĸĸԶ·Ƕе鶼ִǿ߶ԷһһһһǺƲܵİˣſ̹֮𡢲ĵˡ
ӲܻˣʱεأֻҪһԲϣǱ˿˼棬޲ýԷǹ⣬.¶̫£ǰ
ϰǵʱᱻſޣǸʱĸ׾ͻڻ˯ȻǼ
ʱˣĿ־ûˡֱһΣǳĺף״ƶ֣Ůǰ˾ǣ˴һơ
֮˾ˣ˵:Բ𣬰ְֲǹģְֺܰ㣬ԭ°ְֺòã
ϲʲôְְ֣߰ȥòã
ĬϺĿ
ԺʱĮˡ
ÿ춼ֱֻͥİĴֱܲ˱˴ѡıүүҲһֽͷų
ٺ飬ڴ־塢˺Ļг׽ѡ
ǸٻʱŬŲݣоڲزסҸ
֪ǵĸʧܻȥļ֤
һҲԼһ
Ժһ˰
ҪŬչ˺Լ
ѹֵɢףͼ껷ֱۣһʮûаȫеš
һ˲㱣ЩģĽˡǸʵѽԶȥ鹹ıȴʵ
ǱС˵ĸо
Ϊʱոո߿ÿ춼ڷŷҷɨˢС˵ÿ춼ڹӣòΨⱾС˵ӴɳͿʼ۷ɣֱʱҲſ޵ϡﻩġ
룬Ů㰮ȥ˺
ŪˣĴˣƫƫŮǸ˵ĴŰڻҡ
ڶʲôѪ鰡㣬ǰ˺
ɣ־ЩͬˣѾʵˣǷ˵ʵѾˣ
ܳٳüۣȷһ¡
ĺ
ۣԭ屾ܡ
֣վЦҲ۵ۡ
鲻ԽȥŨڵüëǾͳһĨЦ
Լ˺
ҲϣԽԽãԽԽá
һӾԼĳġԸ˺Сɰ
Ϊ֪飬ΪBUGԼͬʱҪԶŮͲᱻŮ˺
ʲôŮģԸȥԸȥֻҪ˺СɣⲻĿ
һ㣬ͻȻ־ԼϵĵӸˡ
˲һƣضסСɡ
룬ѽпûдôݣݵôһҪι֣
룬ôجأֲÿ춼˯أҹ˯ŵԭ
棬ȴͻȻǰſۡ
˫ڣĿɣȴͫӳֳһ̣Цˡ
ղͼһСѡ
ͬʱǿǳɫɫŨ
ļһ֪ģҲЦˡ
簲˵
¡
һѽҹ

òԾˡ
ǬĶһõʱ͸о˺ܴĲԾ
ڼණΨҩ֮û򡣿Ǵ˿̴Ǭ;ǬܴĿռڣȻԼԼЩζ
ڶȱٵĶ
ǰ߰Ʒúãǰʣ״˳˼
·֮࣬ٴμӹ򲻻ġ
ˡ
״Ӵ򿪣ϣһ򿪴ӣһŨ˱ǶüǱѬģһ˵ͨײǿġ
ץһף͸ָܵŵʵսһֻſű͸ҪѰһȦֹҿſŲݺӵ
ͬʮͶԵֻøоʮС
һӾͳɻˡ
ף
ûȱĵطôֳף
ңСɲܳκκĶôŪ
ȥһȻͬŨ
:Ǹ趨ô
Ӱ
Ϊʲôʮ궼ûϡ⣬ܳ׵Сһû죬˰
ųһʶȥڣС˯úȻģҲûж룬һȥ˼С
ʱ㼯лδʼˣټĵطտյģ֮
̤һȽŵķţһתͷͼǰͣţƽкü˹һĽװ氡֮Ķڰᡣ
ֻȸŲ࣬һߴŲĺǷһ߼¼Ű
սʱǸոͣĻȸϰǾ͸ţƽ֨ѽ֨ѽˡ
ȸ˿ר־ˣߵһ:ϰ壬ô
ȸͻȻһӻһת뷢𣬾ͼλƯıһӾͱˣЦеĴк:٣ѽʲôô
:ϰ壬Ƕ벻˵ݽߵôȥǴȴף
ȸһʵҲһӾ£ͰѴ׵һһʮͬ˵ˡ
ף̾󾫹Ȼһ㣬һ֮츣룬ҲǸˡ
󲻴ſͬûһǮĸϵҲòųס
޵:ԭɽȷȻһô
ȸüЦĽ:ǿɲǣҲʲô׾ռˣⲻ۸񶼽ˡ
ͬ䣬ͽӻ:ϰ壬㿴˵öҾ£ͨͨʮɡ
˵žߣ˦ȸȴΪѿ:ͨѾûˡ
:
ȸֵ:ջЩѾȫûˣҲʹ˵Ժ󶼲ˡ
:Сɣ˺޼ܼӳ
תͷ˫Ŀ:ͨҲûˣ
ȸס
:˺޵ǸոշҪιСɣһתˣ
ϰ壬֪ʲôطͨ棿Բġ
ȸΪҡͷ:ⲻ˵˵ˣֻҪﳤãڵĶûͨˡ
ֻøɽͷѾ󾫳аˣԴ̫Σˣȥðա
ңΪʲôһҪͨף׿ڸиãʶ۸Ҳʵݣ˵Ҳѽ
:
ˤ
ˣ                        
лҪ˵:ҿػߡ
ܳ:˭塣

лСʹѽ
һŬŬµģ

 28 

û, ȸڼĿĻ
Źŵ̾Ͷˣ̯ıСҲ˵Ե·
ͷͦѹǳ, ·Щģ룬ȸ˵, ԺҲ򲻵ͨˣСԺҪЩʲô
ϾʳĳɳǺҪģҪ볤֣Ӫøϰ
뵽ĵӾԼˮ
ⷽвͨ
ɽƶ, ʺϴֲ˵, ȥˣȳСɿҲ˼ֻˣ
ųž˶ͷ̵ߺ
, ͷ, ʳ¯, Ⱥͷඣ
һȰײ˻ඣ
ߺȾͣ˽ŲŤͷһֻһҲ۵Сӣǰ˸ӣһڵС, ͷ, ְִ󣬻Ⱥ
ϰһͷ, ɤ
ע⵽פĿ⣬ͣߺȣһЦר:ϣλͷ򼸸ô
˵ž˿ڿˮͷζӯΧȫ
ԡ
뷨
ܳԡ
Ҳǡ
СԼ͵Ե£ߵ̯ǰ:ϰ壬ͨͷô
ôһʾ£ͷҲͱͨͷһѲ
ҲڰСϴĶոµģӦòְֺ:λǾù
ʵⲻˣͨͷۿڸ͵
ңͷȥ˵кôû
֪ܲ˵Щôôֻôһ͸ǳˣ˰֣:ϰ壬ɻͨô
ϰ£˵ͷ:ȷʵʣһЩۣͨҲˣôҪ
۾һôһʣû뵽У˷Ƶͷм:оˣϰʣ٣Ұɣ
ϰ嶪¾䡰šһ㿴ᾢΧȹĨĨ֣תص
ʵʵվͷ̯ǰһſˮһߵһ㡣
ʣյȫգĿƷǬռ󣬸ǿԱʣָ۾ǷϸҲỵ
ȻϰſͰС۳ȷȷʵǽʣһۺһӾʹסˡ
ϰ壬ֻͣʣôô
ô
ԸǮŬԼıԵúϡ
ϰĽǰһ:ôˣֲʲôö
֪ûбҪƭԼϾڿɶˣҼ۸ۣ࣬ͨ۾Ƕ˶û˼
Ȼûдﵽеʧ䣬ʤޣֿۣϰл:лϰ壬֪Щ
ʱԱ߾˿:ϰ壬ʮͷҪµİ
ϰͲԸˣõЦ:ͷİɣճ¯ء
ɨͲͷذ˰:ѽôۣˡ
˵űֽĴͷ
л˳̯ӡ
ݵվڵ·룬˵аۣ̾һ
ôһ๻Сɳ٣û˵ʱҪôѽ
ҲͳôһͽյǬУȵ߾׼˰̡
ϰ壬ɻʣͨô
̵ϰǸݺﾫΪ˸ͣһҪĶ֪ԭǸѵһЦ˲Ϳȥ
̯ǰҲûˣͶ˾:Ҫۣͨôˣ
ʹЦ:ⲻôԲߣͨİӰ۰кҶҪˡ
ݺϰֺݣıԵֻܼᣬɨŻͦϧúõһСľ̯ء
ҲˣͰ˰֣Թ:ﻹͨӣͨӶȥˣҾûϷ磬ⲻʣЩȫַָھӳˡ
ݺϰһԹûûˣ÷ˣæ:ϰϰ壬ɻʣۣͨ
룬˵ûٸһңôԹҼСɶҪˡ
ݺϰ屻˱ԹͦĵģʱʶӦڿǰô죬Լ£:ϣ㿴죬˵ûꡣ
ͨǰɣ
У
أ
ôţݺϰûۣʮ
һʱЦеػ֣:ˡ
Цһ˵ļթ
Ȼ֪ԼˣһҲϣ̲飬ʱ᲻ĺ
οҲһںһҪи࣬˼࣬СܳϷɱʲôҪ
˺üʳӣɢɢҲ˽ʮͨ棬ʮͨס
սͦģԼǸǵ⡪
Ҳ뵽УҪǸˣˡ
ֵвٰ̯߹СΪԼ԰ֵģԶûƽ￴ȥҲͻãϾҶûгԹö
ﲻͬЩ궼Լͬ߹Ҽ۸Ҳ࣬ôһԱȣȻͱȲ˼ˮϲҲòá
̯߹Ŀ϶ӹúܼѵԣֻһģȲ˶Ҫ̡
ƫƫСͼҲҪͨ߹һЩƷ໹ġ
ߵʱ뵽ǰҲᣬԴһȣͬһģƷ಻õ߹ҲԲˡ
Ȼˣʱ֪ԴһȣǶôǵһȣĲˣɳСһû
˶ֺǺǵľҪؼҡ
֪ڲǸֺǵʱ򣬵û취ѽǿҲЦӶѾˣһ£ǻȥô
һǿŵЦɤﻹŲ֪СȻǲãʱԶһֻа󾫶һ·ˡ
ֻƴĻëΪ˱˶ĿͶûлΡ
磬˵ĿɾûֻС󣬿ֻûҶĴ
˵ͷ:ϵζһǵá
СӰͷ̽˻:ɣ˺ܶ飬һֻ.
ôܻ飿
ƳۣЦһ:ǣ㶮ʲôʲôҪҪʲô
ɽֻѾ׬ˣҲһʡ
СĿ̰Ĺ:Ǵ磬Ҫô
鰡
һۼ˼УûͶСκһֻϡӰ
ʱͻһӳ˵ӣȥ
СӦҲ죬Ҳҡһ䣬һûģںӡ
ȻûüӣоͼһӰ˻:磬ôˣ
һͼ϶һϸӰ
ٷƤͼһ²ӰС
ɫҰ׵ڣ͸Źɱֻè
㣬֣С뱣ʢ˵ƣȴſ־Ĳ
ڴȶڴͬģҲŵʧˡ
һԲлһë
ġ


صңǺʧ䣬ҲƭԼʧ䣬ĴԼԼЦ
ڿɲǾѽôóԵģԹ³ԺܾõģԺӿɻϣءԼ˵꣬һƿԺţȴһ۾ͼŶ¥ӰµСɡ
һ㶣һû˼
ȰնȥܳٵԴ̳һָͷ˴۰Ц:£˯ѽ
ܳٻӱ̧ͷ𪷽ĶͷӡżۣʪֱľͿһȴ:
һˡ
ֻԼˡ
:ӣҾˣ˵ģ                        
лҪ˵лСʹŵѽ
ĻŬµģҷģ

 29 

̾˿, Ŀ͡ԼҪˣôô
¡
Ҵ˺òã
˫ͷ, ʪĿ⣬ڵУſž;ԼҪʧˡ
ٿ, ˫־ʹǻ󣬱ס߽:ԭҺòã
ڷϴܳ, ӲԼ˺, һ͵Ŀһ»˺
ȱִ, Ϥĺǻ, ϲǡ
´β, ұ֤
ܳپˣԼĺûôð
ȴһδƭһδ֪ġ
סϸ, °;͸Ѵ, ̰ϵζõسĬš
Ҳ, һֻС־Ħıɵһֻè̲סϧ

׼뿪ҡ˵:һҲС
һļݱȫ͵˵ͷԴ˿ûеǿҵռ:뿪Զᡣ
õ϶Ĵ𰸣ܳòУսֱۣ˺þúþáûиҪֵ˼
򣬼Ǻ:Ҫߦô
ܳһ;öߦ棬ǣҲҪϾһκѵá
ĵڣĶӾʮֲҿؽ
Ц˳ĶӣСƵ:СԵһ°Ͼι㡣
˵ܳٵվʱȾˡ
ҧվŻ˺һᣬҲͽԺɨ˼Ȧ
͵𴲺ûʰԺӣ˿̵ԺӼõһȾˡ
ÿһʰĺܸɾùҲõĺܺ뿪ʱԺﻹؽƵҶһĹ򣬵ͱɨɾˣ
Ȼ𡪡
ԹԣɲֹԺӺɾˡңգʱ˳ЩңԴǿɶɾģ˫ЬӶϴˢĺܸɾǴ
ȷļûݹСģ
ʹȥܳ٣ܳٲĿ⣬̧ͷޱȹŴĳЦ
Цʱ˵ʶģƫƫһЦѾͺֱӡ
ľͻһˮ:£Уʰģ
ܳһ㶣סЦûһӾͱһֻɽ
һëʵˣɫҲˣëǺܺŨܴĺ죬ëȴǺĻƣӾһŻ
šŻһŤһߵθǰѸΣӣûҪ˼
Լһ룬ȴЦˣѰ˼ţЩģӣǺˡ
ͺܺãĺܺãҲûQž˳
ϵġŻɢһʶ˳һһֻΡ
ܳ˫ֳԺ󣬶ͷϡչ⣬Ǿ͹һĨǳĻȡ
ˡ
ˡ
ˡ
˵˯ٰܳͷŽܰ
İõ̱ߣ˾˯һͿȻɢʶȥĻ
ɽܳٵʶȫ渲ǻദĿĸܡ
ɽͺɽûɽĲľ棬ж˲˲ķ
ܳٺƲۣͺɽˮĵȻֵطʮꣿǶôɱʮ갡
ֿܳɽկӣ֮İСɫСĻͦڡ
ʱע⵽կӵһ۴һŮڳܡ
Ů˺׵ӣ˦һƺ󣬾ĹĵĲ˨˹صͷ
״εҡҡͷһѾȥ˺ӱߡ
ʱ̫Ѿɽϼպͷգ˿˿ƵѪһͷȴͷֵĺӳĵͨ͸һǳǳ£ȫȫ硣
һص޻Ʋƫ봦洿ףѪһĺ졣
¾ɽϼӳʮͺ£ŵĺͮͮ峺Ϫ
ܳٴս˽̸
ϣèָǿϴأ
˾ͺЦ˿ƽĴʯĽ´ʪһֻƻɫķĩô
ѽҼǿָСƢˣϴѣȥ塣
Ӷ԰Ů˾:ϣèҪ˵ɽǸˡ
ǿӸǸඡ
Ҽǿӣһ±Ҫء
˾ƴ:⻰˵Ĳԣˡ
Ұ
ǻ˵һϾǼǧ꣬ͷѰˡ
ɵƫƫ͸ҡ
ⶫֻˣҲҿ治Ǹûˡ
Ůˮе˵ѣЦſ:Ҫ˵Ҹඣǧ꣬һȥңǧ꣬ɶʱǸͷŶ
˶Ҳ:о
˭ܻǧꣿ
ϡ
̡
أ˾ͱˡ
Ҳɵ
Ըҡ
Ů˽ϴɾʪյУ˸:˰
ãҲ㳶ˡ
ҾȻȥˡ
ϴ
ˣ
·Ͳϴġ
ؾϴˡ
Ů䣬뿪ˡ
˶׾ҲʲôĿͿ˺Զ
ܳʱͻ˸Ӱԣ:˵ҪŮˣɻۣ
ܳԳûõһĹذȻȥذϧˡ
ȥذŮ˾ͳѧϰˡ
è̸ϱһܳôʣǶʱ˺ܴȤ㵸ϲܳȫעʮĹѧģ
èǸʵڵèỨֻýŨŨİεε͸
ϱİԱˣһ۾ܿõİ
èܳѧ˸߰˳ɣڶմѧèʰԺ䣬ϴˢЬ
è˵һ˺ȴԸΪһŮЩµʱ򣬾˵ǰŮ˵ġ
һ㣬֪ΪˣʹΪˣ㰮
ȥɣ֪
ܳپˣֽžڿûèֹ˵:һ˵ĵߣϴһ롣
ܳûѽ¶ˡ
û뵽ǣʮֳٶۣʾˣȴźüնûܲ
ܳٵҲ룬һնãвһ졣
ⲻͿˣϲˡ
Ȼûܳ㡰顱İֻǾöˣǺ¡
飬˵˶ǶãǸʹ˱ÿʣҲɢĵ׵
㣬˸˼Ĺ˺üա
ܳΪõĽĺãİ˯߾ĺãȽžȷʵһֻС
Ҳοÿ춼˶ѽһˣѧῪˣǲպܵ˴Ͳ׺ڻˣ
㵥һ룬ʶ⡪
ɨɨԺӵ˶ѽ
˶СûôˣҪǼӴ˶ñСѽ
һ峿ɫδ΢΢
˸磬Լʰ˸ɾ䣬ͻصУſԵŸƨɣܳϡ
¡
𣿡
ȥժѹ
ȻһӾͰܳٴ˯ɵۣúܲ𴲣һزסڴ׻ǲô

ž峿ɵСϣֱܳپĿղĿ˿ں֡
ȷȻΪԼں֣һֱΪ˶彡ܳٲǺлһ룬ȻЩʹġ
ͣ½Ųվܳǰ˹:£һ㣬ͷ
ܳپͺϰģܹɵĵ˸߹ͷ­
ȵƾ͸΢գ۾һ:ѽ£ҪѽҪһ㣬ϲĵطͻһ㡭
ҲҪ˶࿪һ㣬ҾͲôˣϲǿĵѽ㲻ģҺ۰
ܳپ촽ʣɫ죬һһϣ
ĵ׾ȻһƲסĳ嶯

è˵ϲͻǣòˡ
ܳٱԻϣͿ˿ڣ:
ҿ𣿡
ͬʱ˷ܺĿ:
ɽˣ
Ͼͼˣ
ˮ㣬ɽϵԺеܲϳãմˣ
ź
ˣǴӸɽͷģǴ󾫳аɽͷסձǰǷ˹
Ժɾɽˣ
ɾûжǲմˣ                        

 30 

һӾͱȥеע, ܳƵ૰Сֶ̽û


˲ܳƿಽһס
С, ߲ߣԲ˼߬ס, ۵ֱ:
ɿ
֪㼤˭һȥ֪ͨأ
żһзǯӰǯס˾Ͳɵ֡
ȻԽ, ߬Խ, ӿҪ߬ˡ
˵Ŀģ
ɽˣ
е㱻ǼȻϲﵽıŵ˫, ˫ֻŰ, õ:ϲɵ㣡
Լۣ
˵Ҳ˲, ѾӾկȥ:ɽ
ǿ
ȴе㱣ͷԼԿеۡ
һʶٵӹɽӸɽĽ紦
ɽʮĻɽ, ɽҲ, Ǵ˿ȴɽɽһʵУľд䣬û＾е׳
ɽĵطҲʼָ˲, ԭݻƵҲһһļƣ֦ҶӾ񣬷·һҹش
ٶȼ죬ͷƵøŹֱؿôһѹһŨȫëһ˲󿪣ΥϴͺˬԴ֡
ͷͷ˸϶ȥͶӣСԭѾݻ˵ĹβͲݴԣ˿ȴڳĳ쪵ҡ
Ļۣģ
:ʲôƨͻȻѶȵȼҪǼС
صԺеԺš
ԭϲͨײˣʱҲ˸ӴˮײˣƵޱᷳʩ˸۷ס˲԰ӣ۲Ϊ
Ժͷ£˸׵׸⡣
ʱһŷ겻ȴҲ
붨һľȻȴΪ̫ڷң;ȥľ
һԼûע⵽Сëͷһ£Ŀ϶ָͷ
ʶָͷʹഫݻشԣѣҲܽר˼
ǼйƵָͷġ죬۵ƤҲ͸űŰĺ졣
ܳٱ䣬͵ͳ˼㣬ȻԼǰȥˣǸֱ꣬޲õֻ
ԼȥעˣĿʱʱ̶̿òôȥˣ
ǡЩԾ
ܳеģ׸ܵ˵仯ˣ⣬Ψɬ
ɬ嵭ĵ׵ı꣬ȡһɾǰù֣һϸš
ʪĴָ⴫ʱһ㶣ͿܳһźںԴڱĶԴš
ɻ󣬷:£Ǹ
ͷû̧֣ȥץһֻ
ĺɣίлûȫɢ:ˣ
ˣ
ȥץе֣ϸְףָɾˣ
񣬾:
㲻Թעˡ
ȥˡ
Ҳҡ
ϣڽҲϣʲôŶܸҡ
˵̧ͷڵͫеĹ⣬Ŀھܵ˱
ˮⰡ

ίҪˣ
Ҳ˵ô໰
ΪʲôίΪ£Ϊȥע˱ˣע˭ˣ
һ˲˼ƮԶûһЩ
綫ǳȥġ
մʳǲԳԵġ
µһʳʱһ˲Ĺ⡣
ںòײųһ㰡һ㶼˺
ž;ۿᣬܵòС
ʪۣĴġ
ļºܹ԰һ뵽취ģԵĺǲܰģ
֣ص߬ۿĳЦ:£һа취ġ
ϴĴϸ壬ܳȫעװССֵ֣˼ֿ䡪
ҿӰһ㣬ǣȴ޷һﰡ
ͿĿתسעţӣȴֻգۼʹߡ
۾Уþˣʲô˵ġ
ҰɣЩ㷳ĵ£ģòáܳٵ繣ջ󣬸
ʳֱָһȦһȦļ⡣
:Ŀסˣ
͸ܳٽ˽¶Ҫˡ
ܳûһ㣬˶ǾģȥۣڳһƬ̽ԵĻһ:£
һ̣зŴ󣬾¿ٲ䵽ļ
Ҷˣס˺
ûбֻİ°͵浽ļϣǼζļⶼڲ
ԭΪŰ
ȴǲ֪ҩҲֻԵʲôȲϡ
ʳô֪ʳð
ԣûһжģʲô鶼ڡ
ȴ͸˼ḧı͹ֵļǣǿݹݵġ
ͷһȣɬ:£ɰģڣǲ㰤ģ
ȴĵġ
ܳɤһһͷɵı°͵èСޣҸֻ롰˵
ܻ
ܻܻϣһֱע£ա
ôôðͻԵˡ

֪һǮʡģ׬ģͬҲʡģġ
ԣܳ轵ʳʱǲɿƵģһغ׺׵
£˵㰤ģҪңҪۣ֪֪
ܳٱ׵ûһƢżɪԣһίͰܾСģ죬Ҳ
һ˲Ƕһ취ûСֻܺš
̾˿Ȼѧʹÿӣǰŵԣ룬ִ꣬͵ߡ
죬ѭѭ:°㲻ӡ
֪
ӻҵۺۣҶôãýô𣿡
ʱôãѰյܳٵߡʵһֱһеĺӣɲļõۡ
Ȼܳô˵ĬĬһۣſںס档
ı֣һߺһ߸ιһߦ档

Ϊɽ磬СǾݱ
ȥկתһȦƽֵկӣȴĹ죬һϲŪһĶֵصĸ߶Žչˡ
ԴΪʵ⣬һ󲻹š֡ǰɽûǿʰȻı֮һŷȴġ
ڲͬˣǿˣǾϣˣȻҪȡ
ҲȡΪ＾ǸǸļڣ뿴կ˭ԻһЩͨʳһȦаӰЩʧ䡣
ʧʧžƻ˼ңȴһۣͼԺǰһ׳˶ɽӰ
ͷԵģǻ
ȫĺʱʲô
ɻ󣬾࣬¶˿ݵı׼Ц:֣
𣿡
ıӰһɽһɫƽϵխȫúʵҲܿļ顣
ҲΪʲôˣϾͷͲ֣֡
˼һǸȱɶȱʯ͸֮̾ǣʱǲͱ֮仹
ʱɳɳŲŵһδ֯ԣֱʺõӱǡ⡱һ̶ߺЦתȥ
һ󡭡
Ǹ츣ȫĴ󾫡                        

 31 

˵կӺ, ˻ǽǣڵõ뽲, ϴȥկһƧɷµĲһС硣
ǺһСʯϵ, һѱλôأԭʵ״̬ҲȻ
һžʶسͷȥһ, 
ԭͦľһʱѾȫͷ, ĿһƬף񼦵һȫͬ档
һȫܱյĿռͷͻĪĲһɽŸУǵ޷÷ʱ, ĽŸоʹﵽ˶ֵ
:֣Ҫ̸ʲô£
΢Ĳ, 뵽ǵĹϵûк, æ:£ᡣ
ң, ҲҪʲô¡
ֻǽ̸п, 򲻿ñȥ
ͿһŻͨ죬ͷ˽Ƶ, ;Щԣɶˣ
ŵ:ұ㣬ȴַ㲻ɡ
һ㲻ɡ˲ʱ;ⲻʲô£Ǳ˵òԭĬĬ˵µĻ
棬˵棬˶ûʶ֮ʱѾ˺þúþá
ڻǴ׵һƬȴҹɫ
׵¹ֻӳűʯϣԵ⴦ûһ
ܳپĬĬڲԶһ£¹⽽һ䣬˲˪Ƶġ
׳Ϣղ˵ɶˣ
ԣ˵ҪùˣΪ󾫣Ϊ
ⲻô
š
˳ǣЦ:˵Цˣ˵ǿȷȻǴ󾫴õģǾһͨ顣
˵꣬Ϊľǽ⴦ء
ⶼѾˣǱأᱻһƽƽ˷ӡ
˵ǰɣ
ȻţʵͰǰݵš
ЦЦּľͶһӰ
һβԱϹˣźƯڷˮ͸ɫƬת¹⣬߰βĵʢһ
Ϲؼ֮˾ѪžһǵĹЧ
ֿʼϲʵڲԸˣϾ˵Щԭȫд
˵ϹһʷĺѱȾѪҺ̰Ķ񣬲֪Ĵʼѳ׽Ӧ׶滷ͨͨĺ
ǲڴỹǾѪپоֻԭǸк۵СڻңȴԳһ㷵ļ
Ϲǰ㴹ữ飬ھѪ⣬ͷѪҲֻʱԵĵͷɵħˣȫ
ɵģȫ趨Ϊ֮ķչΪŰԭ͹Գɵĺڻѡ
˵ҪȾ̶ȵĽ磬һͿȫСڵħء
ԤΪ󾫶һƽ١

ǲ:Ϊһ飿
ҡҡͷ:㻹
Ϊǵᡣ
µĽȴڣ岻ӲܣʱǻʲôǾͲö֪ˡ
ü:֣㵽ϣʲô
ҲˣҲһֻܾѡ
Ҳ֮ǰġ
Ȳ˶롭
ȴģȻᵽҪȲˣѲǴˣһڻҵݣȴøɵ£
ɸɲ
Ĳ޹أȵҲһСɶѡ
ĬһĬ漴:գǿһͬȥɽһơ
ϾĶԶ뷢ѣ˭Ӳˡ
¹¡
˵û˼ȥӦԼѻ˵ôûʵĲãǡ
ǲ˵ʵģԸڹʨ°׵ģҲԸἫֵ߳ͷ󾫡
˹ˣΪʲôʨ°׾ȫȫ뿪⣬Ǹ֣ҵ÷ˮģ
Ͱȥ󾫣ڿ˼ҵҵ©ҪԾݽ٣Ҫʨ°סߣɿѣҲֻң
:˵ĺеӣҲȥҲԿ˵ܴӴһͨ棿
áӦ

˽磬Ȼı¶ɭɭҹɫ֮¡
һӾʹסˡ
ĸоǲŽ̸˸ʱ䣬ôˣ
ˣСɻڼأ϶ᵣģ
ͷ:Ǳ˵ˣգ㡣
һ:˵ɣ
ѾӾҪܣȴһ߬ס󣬻Ѹһ黢ͷƵУֵ:䣬ʵڼɽͷҵģȴ֪ıˣ⻢ͷţԷ⡣
ҵлһ˸˾Ѿ䵽ԼԺС
زȣһֻŲˡžડһ˵ڵء
۵õȴΪ̫ܳ٣͹˲ùԼĽš
ԺһƬţŵס롪
ѲѾ˯ˣ
ûȼƣŴţڶһƬ¹һ˿©ȥ
ĪͷëֻſĴ죬ֻҪһ̤룬ͻᱻƤͷеһɶ
£ͻžǷųһʶѰѱÿһ䣬Ӱ
е㵣ˣ˰ɣ
Ϊ̫ԼȥԼˣ
£Ķ
һȳһյǴߣ֪ܳϲȻȥʱ򣬲ûпڴһĨɫӰ
Ϳʼ
ʶԺϿһ㣬ͷ
ŲӴϸʹоͬʱüʮţʹʵܲסˣһƨɾϡ
ȥЬ࣬ͼԼĽŲѾе΢΢ˣ֪ף׵ıͷ
ͷĶŽס
ڰУƺ󴫿صĴϢһͷĶǣŻ˵
ȴĵؽԼı˶ǡ
Ž׵ĶܸܵܳٵϢ
һ˲Ͱġ
ûߣڡ
¡
Բ˵ֻȥһȴôá
Բ𣬼¡
ҪôŻԭң
˵꣬ŵ˰죬ֻ󽥽ƽĴϢûд
ͼˣתȥһ˲ҲȵõʱһԾͽ¡
ҹɫнȾ̫ãǱģץסȴȵð
صĴϢϣһ˫ڵ׵ӣԱһס
һδпԵĿ⣬ʱ׺ݵޣȴ۵С
ϵעۣ:£Ҫôԭң
һﲻſڣҧס
Ǳͷϻĵط
㶼ΪԼҪʧȥˡ
ϢʧǳϻĽʱĶˣĶΪѾʧȥˡ
ǣѸֹ˻ӡȫȫܲˡ
ȫȫܲˡ                        

 32 

ڼ, Ϊ˷Ұ˽᣿ܳٽݴƿˮ, ȴŴ̹ǵĺ˪
⿴һöССӡʧƤ֮ϣɴۣƹ, ӡѾȫʧողǴǿˡ
ȥܳ٣һ, ׺ȴִ
û÷, ֹסĲӣԼԼȵȥůġ
ĴĶ, ջһߵ:Ҵ˼¡
ҽͺòã
ľܳرú, ⲻ, Ѿ˯ˡ
һֻèһ˯ûסһüëϡ
ռرǿ֪ģид
£Ҳѹ, ֪, ʵռ˵˾ȱȫУȻȱȫУô͸㹻İȫС
ŵȵоչʱҲڻ, ҲڻĻᣬ˺뿪
˵أʵҲûôܳٶԣһܺõĹޡ
˯ܳŪ˴ϣܣصظ·Ь࣬չСһʰúһӡ
׵»Ŵ룬һͱĿ붨ȫʶʶ֮УŬؼ˸оˬ
˵ʮˣǴûԭ״û̵˽⡣
һЩ򵥵ĻҲԭڼĲ
֮ǰûҶܹһɾͲˣȫʱʧ˵Сɣⲻ˻ᱻ۸
ͬ岻ͬѰ׷Ĳһ֣ûзֻβ
Ϊǰθһ׶Σͻһβһһֻ޳İβѾǶǿˣϾҲβ
ʶпԼһβƯβˡ
˵һ˳ʱֻһβ츳ߣβ˿겻ܴﵽѡԭУβȴǲģ˼ȻǸαƵĶ񶾺衣
֪ǸŮ˿ɲǸöҪŬصϺһЩǸŮ˴ԭڲƭߵĶһһֻ
ΪᰳԽԭԭԵĶһЩͽ׵ʳÿ԰Ϊʱ̸룬ԭǵ㺢Ӻܶ˼Ϊĸȶûء
һ뵽ԭƽ͸רˡ
רͬʱһǽ֮ԭ˯񾲵ܳ٣ȴںڰлſ˫ۡ
һ˫ڵҹɫһգ۾ܵγī
߿յİŴ齣ųһʶԽǽھϡ
ᣬԹڽÿһϸڶͬ͵ĺϵĿ۾ѹһǺܸжģĵ׵Щίһ˲ͱɢˡ
ͻȻʶһص⡪
һֱ
¶ǨܻоҲоԼҪأϲġ
ľͲһǿҵԸرʲôԽãԽرʲô
ǣȴȫҪرʲô
ûôгͬһദҲӲһ˻ǿҵҪʲô
Ҫʲôأ
롣
룬һϵʶԽУȻģϢиܵһڱ˵ʶȻͣС
ʶ̽ȥͿһʲһӦƵӣ棬ģϿǸϻͷ
ңϻͷɢȻͬͷϻһ
ܳˣͷϻģ
ȻĶоЩš
ôûиĶ
ôܴű˵Ķôб˵
ܳˣŭҲ˯ˡ
ʱ󲿷ֵֶһ˯
ܳپϢ뿪ԺӣŶߵһɽɳ۶ȥ
ܳΪ츳ӳɣ˵ڲͬ׵ģħ޶ԣųħ޾һҲﵽʱ츳
ѪǣħأֻҪ룬Ϳһħȫ
룬ԸȥǸкڰĵط
ҹУߵɽ֮ϣܳٻٶȡ֮ݻֺ֮֮꣬Ũңһվʳ˵Ĵֵס
һŨҹ̽ǵĻʹҹҲѤҵġ
֪ܳбһı
Ҳֻı

Ϊǳ˾ֻʱʶʶһ͵飬һҲԲɸӣûǿȼϴϴ˯ˡ
ᣬΪ˲ܳ٣ûѣѡֱɵڴߣ˵󣬾ۡ
ʱûʶߵʲôԾֻڰΰ֮䣬ᵽ˵Ѫ
ζĺܵܵ͹ע⣬ܿͳ˯ȥ
ܳپ˰Σȫ˯Ͳͷ
һûлӦ
Ҳͷĵ̽Уǿ黢ͷƣһǿƾŨŨҹﻯһ˺ڰɢˡ
ӻڴָĶ
ɫĺãͨ͸覣һԼѪ󣬾ͽϡ
Ȼִͳһ߰ĶȻҲЩʲôãѡɣϲʲôѡʲô
֮ЩǻͷҪõĶһǴôţ֪Щø
Щܳپ;úľȫľںڰгõؿ˯üۣ嶯֮£壬üëȻعһԣ۾˯ˡ
ֱڶ磬ǼԼΧһѱ֮Уˡ
Ҳû𾪶ã߾ƿͼڱ֮ϣһѪۣɫ԰ƹܳ١
Ǹоʱ͸һ
һӾͰˡ
Ŭҹһжİⲻ˯ʱڰԼ
ܳٶѵߵЩǾ׵ģѡĻãǶδģ˿̣ǶѱȴϧһƵ˴¡
ȥ̳һָͷһܳٺûѪյĵطش˴:£ôԼӣ
ܳʵˣҲҹδ˯˿̱ôţȴһûһ¡
ҹ
ܡ
ܱ뻹ϴλõֱȻʲô֮ܳڱϾᣬһʮһαԡûоͬϴܾͺܳ
·硣
ϴָܾߴʤĸ߶ȴľˣֱƵĳҲǼ˶ˡԣֻŲæ꣬ڻķһûܳ٣ǿʼ߶һЩţ֮ƨ
ȻƱ߶߶ڿ࣬׼úýܳĥһ£صʱ򣬰ɫĻȻһɫףôֵһףȴһûֱֱУһ˲ͽˡ
ܳٲ԰һСǻһСѪۣޱ죬ĻһƬ
û룬̧ȣܾı⣬ϴеı
ʱͱһħס˵
ʱ֪ԭûãС


ܳٲӦʱŵòУһʱʲô뵽ˣ뵽ˡ
̼̽̽ϢֱһСȵ絽ָϣССһ
ֻǶŵһ˲ķɣֻǰһŵల˻ȥ
һ̣Ͷشһˮ˿˼ܳĽһ˵·ȫǵ͸˿ڣȻҩ
һ׶۵òУҲû뵽ϾȻô˿ڣ
Щ˿ǳļǣǳƤ۵ڴߣɬܲµЩ˸ѵߵıкܴϵǣ֪Ϊʲôô
ȫıôֻҪһ˺ǸоͱȹĻۡ
£
֪أ
Ҫװ˯ˣҲҪӱˣ˵˵ΪʲôҪôô
ȥʲôˣ
Ϊʲôôصˣ
˿ڵʱ΢ôһͿüһɫҲĺˡ
֪ûл˯ǹⲻ
Ҳ˵û֪ۣھεˡ
ϵװģҲˡ
£㲻Ҫ
˵
ܳ:һˡûˡҲ˵˵˾̫û˻Լ
һҪߡһʰ·ലȫ˳ȥ
Ҳˡ
ͷºҲˬ
վչ£ǿűϵһѪĶͷۣȴҲ뵽һ⡪
Ȼ˯ָܳΪ֮оرѪ֮Ǹ·˱ѪֻҪţҲŵš
ܳϵ˿ڲˣ·ϵѪҺҲ͸ɽˣ˵뱣ߴʱôûŵأ
ѵӰԼϢڲסô
һͷҵͷζӳ¡
̾̾ȻǾܳϾѾˣٲʱӪͻָҲʹࡣ
Ǭ˲ȻֹܲۡȻЩֻͨܳһڳԣõĺܿˣֻʣ¶ʮˣ׾͸ˡ
ͷһԾڴװܳ٣ĥĥ֮ǰ͵߲˺ףһ߲ࡣ
嵭Ӫ
ܳװһֱװ
ֱ˵ǰװ
Ӳһأ鿴ϵ˿ڣִҩ»ָˡһ˵ɾͺ:ˣҪԾͳԡ
װͲԡ
ҳȥϴ·ˡ
㲻Ҫܣ
ܳپͶ˶ë
ˣûסһЦסһ·ʹԺš
ϣŽһ򿪣ͼǰ̧֣һ۲ŵģ
ȻһԺԼˣһ̧ɵЦ:£Ǻʱ
һ׹һ뵽Ӧ¡
ţ뵽ǬǿͰ͵棬:֣˵Ǹڵɽͷɻͨ߹һࣿ
ʵһ㶡
д涫ãʳҲãʯҲգܱĴţΪ˻ʨ°׳Ц˵С
Ҳȷʵ˲ʳڣɽʱ߰üǴˡ
Ѳãͨʳֶ࣬Զ˱Ͷ岻ãǰû취òԣҪ
ţҪͨʳãҵһЩ࣬ҲǼʮʯɣҪ
:ʮʯǲǺööѵôյ⣬һӾͽ
ҸôͻȻ
æͷ:ҪоòԸͬͬ㽻
ЦŰ˰:ʮʯʳѣҪұ㡣
϶ҪԲƽռ˼ҵıˣܼҪԼҲͲ˵ʲôˣֻʳɽȡ
һʵЦ·Ҳϴˣֻ££УҪһͬȥȶȥ
һﻹһװأǾ͸һԵȡصУҪͬܳ˵¶
ܳٵסһάͬһƣ䶼ûһ¡
ε̾һһֻСľʣ:¡
֪ءҽ˵ĻҪúһˡ
֮ǰͬ˵㲻ܳմʳ𣿡
תмʮʯͨʳأΪЩʳóԶţҲüܻأҪԼڼｫͼգҪھҿܲȥ
˵žͰ֮ǰڴﻻһЩԪĵҩǿܳٵһŽȥ
ܳپſһ˫ڵۿһˮίһ
:оΣ
ܳҪ:ԡ
:𣿡
ܳ:ҡҡͷ
:ȥȥ
ܳ:˵ͷ
:Щˣ㡣
ܳپץסֲӣϸһץֻ:ϲ𣿡
֪˵ӣͺݵһۣһĻ:ܺÿˡҲϲҪһˡһ۵ġ
ܳ˵ͷͷǶ
ʹӹиóһѣһ筺ɫֱֳۣڽͼԾ
·һúõСˣЦеԴ:˿ڻ𣿻ʲô𣿡
ܳٹԹҡҡͷӣԴȥ
о͸һֻ˵ĴèһԴߴ࣬ó
ĿһеĻͷ
:
ʲô˼伲ࡣʲôûпһ㶼ᡣһ㶼Ľ
ģҺᣡ                        
лҪ˵1.ǺǺڻǿġ
2.Բң״̬ܲãԡĺҲáŬһµģԲ

 33 

һ˸ȥɽʱ, ߵɽ֮ϣܾҲιһٶ鵤, ǿָһ˿ʶ
ҹ׵ħ׺ݳ̶ʶɢǹħ޲ûע⵽û
Ǹ, Ƿġ
ҹҲ˷ķֿסһֻҪһ㵤ҩָܻ
£ųһ׷ֻҪҵҹǲ֪ĳС, Ȼ󲻽Ҫɱ, ҪϵĶȫû˵ЩǱߵģΪҲô˵
µСӵ¡ܾȴߺ޵µŮЩҩ, ҲܶЩʲô, ҵĿҩ
鵤ҩЧͼӰ, ܾ֮;ȫʹУֵԸжõ˼Ļ⡣
ȫʶʶ֮УȴͻȻʶãʶ֮дһħ
α, ǵħʼʶ, ֻҪһᱻǵħʮ֮һ
Ҳ˵, ȻϿȥǸõˣǣȴҲͬһˡ
ܾЩţ֪ħ֮˱ɼթֶΣû뵽ǵħɥĲ
ܾЩ꣬Щ뵽Լ񼫺Ե֡ڶ룬ŵ⣬ѪŰֵĵ־Ԫһһߵλãǧꡣ
ǧûսȨɴûκһֵһǮıˡ
ɺޣҹֻģȥëûĳɽƾʲôôı
ܾźޣһץߵһֻխƿȥ
ƿӲûǰˤϣѹü̧׿ȥͼƿӱһλΪɲħץС
ɢһͷڷһīɫ䳤ɿϣͫ죬ȴԭֻһֻѻ
Ŀֱĵ̣Ҳ·硣
Ȼѻ絶Ƶ׺ĿŵҲûӦ̬ɢеʲϲĶƿʣ£ǺÿĽôһ룬ͽ˿֮С
ܾ:ģӵĶҲ񰡡
ѻƿˣ˳ɨһۺܾҲûƴͳ齣ȥ
ܾ:ģӵĵ̣ӾǲҲɰ
ѻ׶Ͳֳ̧ס򢣬Ƴа˿Ӿ͵ȥ¶һڲɫֱۡ
ƵģȴŨҵĲм
ܾܹ裬ڶϵĻؽ磬װôƿɲã
ˣܾһԭһǣ˿ȴֻӰӶ
ܾ:
ѻͿȾ˲Цɫ:ţħҹû㣬Ҳɱ㡣
ҪطһɣĪ˼ħЩ
ܾ:û͹ϵɣ
ħѳòȥħЩ
ܾҲﲻס߷ߵŭˣһץߵһȷ𣬾Ҫѻȥ
ѻҲûӦֻۣһζһ⡣
ܾλ첻ߵһͻ·˸:ǣħ
ֱ˳˷䡣
ѻɫģͳһ鲼鱦ʯĹ
֮ϾӳܳŲС
֣žԽ̰ЦԽ졣
ħҪˣ͸ֵǵˡ
ֻҪһʮ֮ʱȡǣħصľѪ۶ɵĵԪʱħ˳ˡ
ֻҪȴĵĵȴǵǵܿҪٳˡ
á
֮ǰҵ

˿̵ܳȫԼ͵ˣһ·ǣ֣кҪĿڷɳ
ûǣԾһȻȻĶϾոܹˣⴿĵǣһǣˡ
ע⵽һ⡪
֮ǰһ·ǼܵĻƣɽͷ˽磬ǵƾ䲻ȥֻýͣɽţȻ
ɽű˿ڣȴ˿أ֣ȥʻҲͬüͷʾԼ
ʹһɻƵɽ·ɽ
ɽͬɽȶԣ涼ռ˺ܴơɽ󣬵ҲãҲãһ··߶ǻƲӲӵ
ĿԶͼټһɽͣʵ֮¶ǱָһĽ
֪ͨһӼֻҪʮܳ죬Խ棬ɳԽ̡
üëȥժһ롣
е͹˿ոĳˣƤըѿĹʵһԣ
ɻȥҲ̯̯:ǰΪ׬ȡؼ棬Ȼˡ
Լ˼ףʾ⡣
ǶҪ¶ӶˣԵʲôܱ
ߵúܿ죬ʱɽ
ڼ䣬ܳһֱĬĬرǣš죬ҲදֻҪߣԸʲôԤһ
˵Ҫȶ룬ʵԼҪʲôʲô·ϾʹˣɻһֱǺǣҲﲻ˼
û÷ˣԾ͵һǳɢˡ
ԣۼžҪǸϿ츣˶룬ʵǸһƽ١Ĵ󾫣ĺ޲е
Ϊû˿ˣһ·Ͽ˲鼦Ѽɢɢ˰ɽӶǣһֻֻʵļݣǾĿڸУòС
Ŵл͵ץֻ˳ԡֲܳܳԣҾܳԣҲԸԸԡ
⼦Ӧøǽװɣ
ڿᡣ
ȻĵڣɿҪˡ
Ҫˡ
˰ǳ䵱˸ɡ
Դȶ롣
ʵĿҲֻԸΪ˼ʨ°ˡ
ҲСӻ᲻̨£ҪٸüԣֱӸߣɾͷҲˡ
˴Ÿ˵˼Ȼֺɵĺǰ
ǰߵ˴ţȴͻţڴһŭ:ʨ°ף
ܸܲڵ״ͶôѪͷ˵پͻˣ˭ֲӵʧ
Եģһţûб
ǣͬһЦĬſϣʼǽǡ
潫ϣΪŤܳٵֻ־ա
ȻܳٲûΪ㣬෴ģˡһקק֣ͷ:£ôˣ
ܳһԲĬĬҲϣʱ⣬Ҳû˵ʲôȥ
һԲԴ:
˭ĶҪ
֣ҪǶʧҲΪ򵥸𡣡
ٴδһԳߣͷʱˣһ͸ˣеĻҪ롣
ʨ°ףǺ㲻ǳ˼ɽͷ
أҰװ׶һ飡
ΪɽµԪ𣬼˸ˣ
ʲôûеõ
ʨ°׾ˬЦ:֣⻰ɲô˵ҽ֪ⳡϵĵʧʱ޷ġ
ͶԽ󣬻رԽߡ
ľ˭Ϊ⼸ɽͷǰ׼ģ
ô𡣡
󾫼Ҫץ:취סɢɽ£ǻ׬ǵģһ
Ѿһˡ֡ʨ°׵Ц:ڵ£ͨ˴ģҶ֮ܿƵˣ
Ǿͻصʼһжصʼ
ʨ°׾ЦˣЦˣЦ
ʵЦػڻĤû࣬һܡ
˽ʨ°׵ģͨôЦʱһ֮ľҿԣȻȵ۷Ứȫͨ죬ǲӡ
Ȼʨ°ûЦþͿʼ˺ѷεĿȣָŴЦ
֣ɲôģǰ̯ӣҩɣ
ʨ°յߣƿһ̧һŴ󳨶
ײһ˲䣬ʨ°׾ͼֻƨɵС֡
ʨ°:λϻϣ㻹֪أ
:˭ʨӣȻһûأԲԣôеء
:Ķڸʲô°
ܳ:ڸҼÿɰģշ۷۵ģһڡ                        
лҪ˵лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹ 2
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 34 

ʨ°βǰֿԵ, ෴ȴǸʮģһϸƤ, ݰ׵ģ൱¡
ҪҲͬϵһȥ뷨, òƾͲһ·ˡ
һǵδ³һȡء
ƣһġ
͵ǽײǼ¶һ, ֮Ĵɢ, ɸһЦܳپͳ
ɲרʲô, ˵ͺˡ
, СɮһΪ, ǲǲ
ڿһȣֱͦ˱壬ζƵĺ:λɽ󾫣
ʨ°һ˫ʮ峺Ӿ˲Ц⣬µضŻЦ
ļë, Ѿ͸˼, Ǹŭȴڴܿ͸˼
ǸᰡЩⳡϷˡ
һ, סΣֱֱ͸ʨ°ף䵽˴ϡ
Ϊһ³˿Ԫ˺ܴˣȫξͺܳˡԣֻǰͥӳ֮£߷֮ͤУϴһббһźʯϣɫзһ죬òᡣ
عͷ˻ɫѿ
һˣ:¾ǣкιɣ
ͽҪڳһƵı顣
Լò̶ȣһƱϾԵüֿɲŵвζ׺ݣһͲʲôˣûͼʲô¡
󾫱þ⣬һ滢ƵĳϻȻܵĵ̼̣漴İŭĿԲ:
λӰ˲ǰǰͷ溷:ӵ
û뵽󾫾Ȼһϸ磬ôһ࣬һ±ƣ˫ּ࣬ҲԼò÷
ʶĿͿʨ°ס
ʨ°׼˾Ц޼ɵЦ
Цĳ龭ӣŶӼЦЦ:ӣһԴӡ
ԭ޴ڸеڿϷûб󾫵ıŵȴʨ°׵Цŵ
ץܳپ˵⣬һ˵:£׼ûһ׵Ĺҧˣ֣Сġ˵ָָʨ°:㡣
ܳ:
ܸܳܵʱ޿̲ڹڣҲȫ
˵ڷﵽҪŮӱŮӱĸо̫ˣ
͹ԹɵذһҶġĹݡ
֪ܹԣͺ⣬Դ̽ͷϷ
󾫣Ҵ˴ǰΪ˸̸һ̸⡣
ϣʶϾӰ⡣
ٶȱ⣬˶ϣɽ˭һڡ
˵֣أ˵ĿĲǺܴ⣬⵹⡣˵أʵȴ֮ء
ɴȴȫںһסģû޷ƲûҵĶһ֣ʱˡ
ϵ̲:Ҫ
עۣ:ȪۣȡȪġ
ЦˣЦ
ھԪ˵ܶ๶գǷȪģͱˡ
ЦˣõĽ취Цƨ
ֱЦɤ۷ֹۣסЦ˻ѹһȣ:㵱˭
Ҫȶ룿
˴Ҿһ
ֵطĵ䱻ȣ
ʨ°ҲֹסЦӵ
һְַף:ӣΪģ
ͱʵÿһͷȥʨ°:
ƨ
һȻֻδ³ڣͱһƨֵס
һҭ˻ȥ
ʨ°ֵ:ضĲŶĳë
ʨ°ף˵˭Ŷ裿䲻һҲˣⲻһˣžˮ֮Уɾģ
һͬʨ°׶žнըë״̬ŷԼȻץء
ɨ۴󣬵һѽ˦˳ȥɽһξѹʨ°ǰ
ʨ°Ȼð׾ʤߣʤһֵۣ:ӣ㲻֪ԼＸô
ⶫͬиһӶĹϵ
ʲôʱܿԼ
Ҳôӵۣ£ص:ʨ°ף
ľͲʶô
һΪ
һǧڵĲӣҪߣĨˣ
أѾ͵űɣ
ʨ°׾Ц:ôҪߣץߣ
øɲһ
飬Լǿĳ
˼Ҿô
ܻ:ʨ°ף
У
Ӵһϣ
ʨ°׹ŹֵЦ:ʮˣһأ
֪С쵰ûͨһ֮Ҳû룬Ӿ쪵ߣߵǽһ硣
ʨ°Ҳߣһߣһͳߡ
ʨ°ߵǽһݣͦøһһĹĵģ̤ĸƵá֪ĻΪͷصĻţء
źúõһϷôɢˡҲ˰˰ΣŤͷͼɽһıӰͱֻм̶ôˡ
һţ..٣׷ȥ
ԺǱ˦Ͽ۶۲Ĵ:
ǣ˭˭ǣܲ˰ҿ
ʨ°أͿ߻һ˰ƭĲ֪
ȶأ˭תնˣ
һֻ͇NɪĴͷ
ޣץۿӦ
ʨ°׻صоͿʼˤʲôƿڼʲô磬ˤžžģһˤϡϡ飬Ͳûˡ
ˤ˾͵µСסȻһһ𻷾һ漴ʧˡ
ݣ
ʨ°׾ֵ
ǽ𻷾͵ͬڼֻͣҪ˩Ӳ롣
ɻǴӲһߣƨɾߣʲôأ
ؿˣƵͷˡ
ʨ°ϣײӲӵһ̧ȥڡ
ȴһӣ뵽ͷظܡ
ʱɵƭҲ࣬ʵڿȥˣϣһ㣬ǾͺĺȥѣȴǴӲκȰǷһ
ƢֱһִԲĳһһ١
ų̫ѳˣ˰Ҳһûйȥ
ﵽ˼Ծƿˡ
С֣ڻӦõв졣ضʵǴ󣬾ƹһ̳һ̳˻һһǲ
ΪǱ˺ŪˣƲ˲ǣⷲ˰ˣء
һʧ֣Ū˼ٺŷˡ
ʱҲû⣬ô
մ磬ͱһѺ£һǧ꣬˶롣
ⶫΣӲùȹ¿ּį
˰꣬û뵽ǴϻȻ˶룬ʱͦж
ǣպóԺúźµ
أӸչû죬ּȥƭԲģ
ⶫʲôطΣһöƫƫģҪߣ
߾ͰߣɵǰҲˮƽ
û죬;Ȥÿ춼Сָʲôƭ
Ǻ˼ҸҪ˼Сӹǽһһ㲻¶ڸܵͷ
ʱòԼţһžҲû࿼ǣͬˡ
˭뵽ͳˣ
˸׶첻ܵǴ
Թ˭Ǵϻֻ֪Ҫմ׼û£

ͬģҲίƫƫһүǣҲÿŷй
֪ʨ°׾һʮʮС쵰һ֪ܣѵڿһĻ˵ûһ㲻
ޣ쵰ͣһֱأ
һ·۵糸ɽһ·鼦Ѽųɢȥ
鼦:ߴߴߴͶ̥ô죬үˣ
һֻ鼦:ߴߴߴߴǾǣͷ˾ǳ嶯ۣȡ
һֻ鼦:ߴߴߴߴͬ⡭ĸС˭ץүأ
С.һľֻʼһϣץס鼦ɣܲضǬС
ʱѾߵúˣһɽߵһ޴ʯ֮Ъãʱ죬ʱ׳̾
ͳյץֻˡãһոճܵǧҪȥǣضõ֮ö˻
Ȼžһءػ˲Զһ˺ϱĴ
:Ҿ˵˰ɡ
й֮󣬻ͳ׵
Ѱ˼ţͲȥܵİͬνġ
ںˣһʱ嶯˸ɢ
Ҳ˿ûн
ְ
Сǰȶһ:ͬոСɮޣոԺСʨӺϤĸŮûһȼյİ֮ء                        
лҪ˵ܳ:ĵһ졭ɭ

 35 

ǸҪοʱ, ɨ̾˿, һ˵ɾͬբˮֹסˡ
ģǸĨ, Ǹȡˮɤӵģôţ˵꣬Ӱб, ϼ졣
, Ǹˡ⻢һͷʵ˼ϸСϻСɮһ㣬ʵ´Ұ, ûƵĴֱС
ί, Ƹ, סͣƵ:ǲ̫ˣ
ͷҡĸ˹Ƶ:ûûСֿʼʺƨ:֣ԭ㾹尡ʨ°ѣĸء
Ĩᣬۿ, תͷ:棿
æͷ:Ȼ
ȥ, ˶Եúǰ:ɲãҾǸӡ
һ⻰ͷȴ־ò, ׻˵úõԹ壬֮ԻоСɮãΪȫ˻ĽǶȳɴӿ͹⻢ĵǶȣ㡣˵˾ɶûȴѾʧ˵̬Լ
ý¶˵ɣίίˣСɮǱˣûĹȦίСʨҲ֪Ҳ֪Ϊð
룬һ䣬Ͱο:֣ϧǸʨ°ףǣûб֪
⻰Ȼ˵㷴Ӧ:ҪôѾˣҪǲߣٲ˴һܡ
̾˿Եȴ첲ʯͷһӲĴ˻
ջָ֣:ǲ˵ǾԶͺòˣҲ
ʪ۽ʪܿͰ͵һС:Ҫô˵Ͳ޷ͨ
ǿɲôɲͷһˡĻ֪ͣŭҪܣҪǿϸƤĲŴռϷô
:ϧ𣿡
붼û룬˵ͷ
:ҪϧҲ֪ãΪð
еΪ:⡭
һүǣɻҪ˵ڰңʨ°Ҫ˵ϧǻָЦɶأ
˵Ҳһͷ֣Сϧ㣬ΪãԸ߲嵶ֻһļƤѿڰ
Ȼɿ͸˼Ϊ֮ΪǺأֵ:ѽ֣˵ϲϲ֮ûʲôö˵ġ
֮Ҫľ̹֪룬֪֮ʲôӦǾˡ
صǣ˵ñ
ûж㲻˵ʣ鶼ġ
˵棬Ҳȷʵ뷨ϲ
ΪöԷ˽뷨һҪ̹̹ĸ߶ԷԽϧԽҪǼˡѻǰˡ
žߺ˵Ĳǡ
Ҫһ
ңƾʲôҪһʨ°׸飬öඪ
ɲɡ
ͷ:ǡ
ֲ䲻ϧҡ
ҵЦ
ҡ
͸:ϧʨ°𣿡
ּᶨĵ˵ͷ
˵:Ǿ˵ѽǵҪҪ
Ĭˡ
ŵ:ҪֻƮƮĸһ䣬ϧ𣿡
ɶĻѽ𣿡
ȱǲ֨
ڶҡһ粻ĸҡ
ϲܾô죿
ʱоըʨ°׵ЦôϲЦʱЦҲЦʱЦŭҲЦûвЦʱ򡭡
ǳЦأ
޼ɵĳЦЦġ
ƵץץԴʮֵ飬ֻ֣߸١
Ըˣʲô˵ףô֮Զһ㴰ֽ˵ˣֽͱˡ
ôϧ
ϧԼô
ǿİͲȥ
ǣֲܲȥ
ʵһֱ˵ʨ°ҲΨһô˭ҪˣֻҪ
ǣû˵
ٽ:֣Ҫڲ˵ҹԺҲû˵ˡ
һ룬ոһˣԺͶûˡ
һ룬㶼ôϧˣ͸˵һϧֻô
ҾͲţ㡣
𷽲ʨ°񾭲һϲŭ޳ļƣ䲻һ
Żͽ˽ȭͷ䶯ҡ֮ɫ֣Ĳ׽ˣȴ:ʨ°ײ𣿡ֵ:ôãûкõҪȥ˵һ䡮ܺãҺϧ㣬ǿɲԲܡĵز𣿡
Ϳʵ˵ôЩǶ˼ʮˣûܿ˿ڡ
Ҳ͸ˣֺ˼ĹϵôɢˣԺ治ʲôʲӵˡ
ͱ˶¶˾ģĿİͰͿ˿:£и֮롣
㣬㣬Ըͬһȥôң
ͿһʮȸԾͱ֣ص˵ͷ
װ׿Ϸȥǹϡ
ʯžʿȵ֣Цţûʼܾأһһͱ.ܳ٣˻Ȼʯ
ֱܴܳоˣȻ첲ĶԽԽˡ
:
ŤͷȴһֱڶűϽ˪
:ôˣ
ͳ廢ºЦЦߣ˵Ȼ͸ϡ
ɵģⳡ棬Χ߾͵űͶιɣѾӾͳˣһûͣ
ܳԭؿʱͳһˡ
˭ԸԼȥˣԼȴǶ
ƫƫôͷϻǾͲУֻԴĿ
ˣˣûһ׶ò˵֡
Ȼ֪ˣһ˼øոջôԵһСɶء
ռ£ϣĿԶͣϴתء
ڿӲһ£ΪҪֺ֪ͱ˱һ첢ҪûаȫС
Ҳûˡ
ܳٻڶ͵ȿںء
Ȼá
ܳ:Ÿأˣڸˡ
ұֵĻôôʼңǲǲںˣǲֻںͷ˰ĳϻˣǳϻҪɱ
ܳڳĬˡ
ûסͰͷί:㲻ܹ
ֻܹҡ
һأһӾͱȵСˡ
Դ䣬:ˣֻ㣬ֻ㡭
:ģҸʲôҾȻôȻˣǶ䣡ռҪҪҪˣ
ܳȴû⣬ֻԸ΢һףܳѾǼҳ㷹ˡ
Ͼÿϣġơ£ץء

˼类Ǹȫ׽͵ˡں˶䣬ҳ£ҪڣȫûҪµ˼
ͻȻʶһ¡СĸҲǸ˰
ʱܳǣ֣ͺ˸ɾܾԼŵŵŴڵǰͷģĸˮƵá
ܳʧˣǽ˵һľֳ˳ɢŹɡֲˡ
һɰѻòˣôһͷηηǱܾŵСһ
ɲǵ˰ϻֻܳپܸһɲѹȸС
ɷµˡ
һһġҺúߡĽߣһһġ꣬Ҳġ
⡭ˣɶҲˣɶҲ˵ˣɡ
ʱϦøˣѾûͷߵɽ֮һ룬Ұһ룬׳
ӿ˽Ųܳٵĵѹȴûüͱһֻס˵
:СӳˡǳܣԤУƸеϵ
ԩ
ܳ:Զ㡣
ȵ䣬ŵ㡰ٿҾͰš
ʱ˽Ų
Զ㣿ɰ
ֵͣڱҲҲǱй߶˵ģ˵˲֪ôвһȭͷ˼Դˡ
ɣŸǰ£űȶļӻҪĲ꣬ĵ׵Ĳһɾ⡣
áһ㡣
ܳ·˶ɢɢģļٵĸƣƻɽ̫Ѿȫȥˡ
һƬտտ͸ִӣ
Ĵˬ־ġ
⾲һ·ûôˣҲûôˣ˿ܳ٣á
һССôͲܰˣһСк
ߵԺţСк͹ٴץס֣ʮָۡ
ģǾԼıһ¡
ٶȷڣٶȻȡ
:Ҳͷˣһ⡣
ܳ:ú졣
:лл֪
̧֣˴

:ըˡ                        

 36 

ʨ°׳ŵʱ˻Ҫ, һү޿ģֿ:, ӶϾϵ𣿻ɡ
ͱ:ʨӣܲܲˣҲʧȥ㡣
ʨ°׵£Դһӵסˡ
ȵȡ
Կӻˣܣܲܣ
濴, :ʨӣҺϧ㡣Ҳÿϣܺһ˵ϣ֪ҶáȻˣһװͰ͵ĳذ, رɵ
ʨ°׾һ۶͸ɵɵıϡҲǶ͸˲Ų, ͷʲôʱ˵Ļ
ͲˣĪñͷЩᡣ

ʨ°׸ǰԺìܣ̸Լ¶, Կٿ, ͽ˿ͷЪϢ, óԺúһ
Ƕһ죬۳ʳǰϷҲ˲ˣֺǺʨ°, һŤ, ƼһҲˡܳ١
ȻԿǷۣվЩ֮Ρ
ɷϡ
ˡ
Ǹֵĺ, ƽʱúõģôͻȻˣ
ʱֳָȻһǣ˼ôеλáֺˡ
ܳپʱһߵǰ̧
֡
˵Żʱ΢΢ͷһ˫ӳУȫȫӳһССӰ
̧ͷһӾײڵͫһ㵣ˡ
ʱ̫רע۾һ˲˲һգգģľͿеԼҪѪҶ顣
飬ë߰
ܳپֿڣֵ:ǲ
ֻסǵôһСƳ쳣
¶úܺãԽԽ죬ԽԽ̡
ԽԽ죬޹һһһһһҪˡ
ɾûջԽ̨ԽͻȻʶһ¶
ԹԣѲĶ
ʶһ㣬ײˡ
˶Ť
ҲûŤãҹܳٳ˯֮ʱȫȫ¶˸͸
ĶĶǶôһ鰡ĸŮ
СɳһŵżŵŽŮĶģ
һͨ͸ܰרˡڵΪβǰڣЩΪѾ˲ˣϾһ꣬һǸһֱ񶾺ѹƵһꡣ
ֵ°ҹҲ벻ʨ°̸ͬˡĵãǿ϶û̸Сɮ϶ͻѻһӳȥ
ôһͰˣʰԼһɵϣͱһ첲סһ첲
۽ܳɨ˺üۣȷһŽĶĿͺܰĵıۡ
ֱҪĸоĺܽ˳ԡ
ٰͬܳ˯ʱʨ°׺ͻĸìܣҲ˰Ȼ׶Ρ
ʨ°˵꣬ͶƽЦЦǳЦ:˵һ顣
ͨһŻ𣬴һ죬ǲ˵ˡ
ʨ°Цòӷۺ죬ϸǷһӨӨĹ⣬ЦûģӳȥۼѸץס첲סԴûĴϡ
һͨʰ׿ʵĳףǵصС˼ɴСʱ̸ڡ
ǱŻȥ˵˼ģȻҪõ̬ȣǺô˵ˣ͹ЦȻḡ˵˵һ顱ʲôˣĸôûһ
еˡ
Ͱ˦һߣ˵֮͵̹̹ϳϣӣһ:ʨӣʵ˵˰ɣ㼸ң
ʨ°׾ϣĴӴһƬ¹⣬ϣӳĴɾ
ݣͷȥʱϾͱһ磬ǴЦ˻ƣȴֵ:ӡ
˶Եϣ
СҪĴ𰸣ڸˣѹһ㲻ںʱˣôܿ
¹ɫıӰϣһƬŤͷ͵һʨ°ףһ˫ʪʪˮ⡣
ֽͱˣˣİɲݵڴ˶යһ롣
ʨ°ףʹļ׳ƺȱʧһŤͷȥǿеСﷺŵᣬߣȴʨ°ݵĳӲ˻
ͻصʨ°ס
ʨ°ٲĵɵ˿ĳ̶
û΢۳žҪҪ˵ʲôˡ
ȴһڣӡôᡣ
ãûˡ
ʨ°׷ȣʹ:ļƷѣ
ʨ°ײƻʹ˼УֻҪ¶˵ʲô˵óڣʲô鶼ܱĳ
ʨ°˵ʲôҺõģٺ˵ڡ
һڱֱĴֱУûôƣ㵱ѣͶϸ¶ãҪ˵˵䶼Ҫ
ͬȫȫԸÿһ𣬲ǳܳ⼸ֻ꣬˵߯ˡ
ʨ°׹Żļھƣòֹڡ
ԣԣʨ°׹þƶ࣬һ£ɾˣ˻һ
ѵĺ˺Ҳûʼʰ
ʨ°׺ƺ͸Сһԣ͹ڻϺ̸֣Сʱ̸ûģôã۲ȥѣҸƨѣϣ˭ɵӺŪ
ֹס˶Ťͷȥܳܳδй
СӾûģүôãȻΪǼ޳֮ͽ͸ү֡
Ĳʹ˵
ʨ°ϡͿ˵ţ˵ţ߹ƣǾƿˣҲʲô
įɡ
ڼįֿʼ˵:СӾȻҡ
ԽɫԽĿԽ͡
СӸϽ߰ɣԶǷ֮ء
ûĬϵĻְǱʨ°ˤϡһزȫʰ
һ׶졣
ʨ°̤ϲʵͳĬضԵǵűӾţʱӣʱսš
յּžȴڹȼš
ǰֳʨ°׵ļһһ㿪Ԫʨ°׵ЩȻĲ
Щʨ°׶Ĭĺãϸ΢
ͻȻģ;ԼĹ˽ģֻΪʨ°ʲôȴûпǹʨ°Ϊ˶١
ͷϵˣذ׵һܸɾ֪ſڣһ˵ͳ׵ġ
־ץӲѵ
һиӦ£һ˽̨͸һ֡
߰١
߰ڡ
Ȼæἰʱע⵽﷢ʲôվ㷢չ߰
һа취ģһ·סġ
ššüᶨ
ʱ뵽Сʱͬ׵ʨ°׶ëޡ̵ʱǾ;ſһԷë
ôһ뻢һͻһֻë޵ĻӣȻ굽ʨ°׻С
ΨһֵܣҲΨһĵˡ
ʱȴ壬̫̰ģҪ̫࣬ͼȼĺãܾ˻ƭ
ھһֺƵʨ°׵ۣǴ޼ǵķʽë
ʨ°װԺܵʵ£ͻȻһܣٿػԭΡ
һͷëͽ˶ŵͷǰСĳʨաһͽظѹ˸ϡ飬̻ѹ¡
΢֪ãȻȦܣϤĻƤģҲû⣬û˯ˡ
:ҴⱨӦˡҴҪˡ                        

 37 

һҹˡ
Ī, гֵȴԭŰɱʱĳ
һˮΣȴԭӳʱ, һˮҲˮ˲ȥ
ʱͿǸ̬ħһϮ£˫Ŀ, ̬Ѫ
ʪܵĵϾĶһƬƬճѪۡ
ɫѪβ䣬žડžડεϣܿȾξ
ⳡĺ֣֪ܺǳ, ûа侳ʵ, ûиͬܵʹ־壬෴ģȴһ²ۡ
Ѿ, , , ǣϾ£ѪģBƬ˶, ̼
Ѿ, ѣٲҾſ˰
Ȼſ˫ۣʱɫ, ͷǺںһƬ
Ĩ˰Ѷͷϸܵĺ飬񣬾Ͳȥܳٵ
˯ʱü񾲣΢΢𣬺ȳƶƽ
üëһԵ𴲣
ԭһΪ˷׹ȣڵʱ򣬻һβ΢βˣǸʱŮƾž趨ﵽβڣֻȱһԵͻƣܵβ硣
֮ηչԲԼֻβһʵС
ʵС˲ȫȫյʵС
ֻеβ磬ڵ⣬оӵƤġ
ܳװԭұҵĽ֡
ȫעȴǲ죬ܳ뿪齵ʱ˹
һ˫ڵһգգעССıӰĴ£׵¹Ϊһɴ
ıխͷֺᣬȴԲԲģС
ڵоӿֳһŨŨָӵУһǿѹռȴŨҵѹƲסȫ֣վͲ繵ľֽݡ

ʱ򲢷أ෴ȴǸıء
ȴҲ֪ˣƫƫ鱦أɽµͽ⴦ء
ֻˣǷ⣬Ȼнķӡ
鱾Ϊؼʲ˵Ƿӡסġ
ֻ֮Ҫҵһɽͷ˺Ȫ֮ĵķӡڷӡȫպǰͶ飬ôӡͻᱻסΪ鱾һ֣Ȼӡͻȱڡ
ӯȵһĵ㷢ɢȥ
Ǹ֮˴ʱȪ֮붨
֮ǰΪô¾Ԫʶ޷ۼֻŨĻ£̰һ̲ܾͣԼġ
ܾԼʶǷӿġ
ʹգʹΪгȴҲޱ㡣
ɽأƺƵɽǸֶȪ֮һ
ԣܳٹʱ򣬾ͼųɶѳɶѵСӵ⴦붨¡
һ̤ɽѨ£ʱ˵صµȪܶ
洿⣬۳۶ɵʯ飬ֳıˢԵǳ
֮뵣رһ
ܳٶӶأͼȪ۵һ
󾫲ˣʶѳʶȴȪ֮УȻһꡣ
ɵһ
Ȫ֮Ȼ⾫ģɵߵܲסǰľǵգᱻɡҽһ㣬һ̤룬ͻһһ㱻ɸɾջһɢ
ЩԼʶ˰βŻعһضסܳ:˭Ҫʲô
ܳʱר־оȪ֮еǿ顣ǿΪý鱻㾫ӿˢգͳΪһԵı
ʲôû룬̧֣ͽȴ˳ŤͷƳۣջߡ
:ۿۿۿۿۣˣ
ôûһĿˣ
֪ӰȥǰǿƵĽ磬һ˲ͳӵķһ˲˺ӵľԪ
㵽˭ЩˡȴһӾע⵽ԭȪ˲ʱһˮԭԴԴӿڵ˲Ϣ֮ɢ˸ɾ
:ҪҪˣ
֪ʲôĿѣʶԭӿŵһ˲Ϳ˸ɾŹ֣
ҵģ
ŭһ˲Ƶܳǰ֣ȥᡣ
ܳٵһۣоͳһֻȻδüԭһʶȴǸܵб䡣
Ȼͼǰ껯˵Ӱںڰܶʧٶ֮ѸӦʱ䶼û

ʶһ˲䣬ܳҲصڣϻմĺ¶л߬ǿű顣
ʱҲʱһ̣߽һɵİףһġ
ʶһ˲ʹ˸£ֻ˼˿£ԲǺܵס䡣
һ˴ȴڻĺĵϵһɲ뵽Ҫ˰
쵽ˣˡ
ԭԵʣһʼ£ͻ裬˯Ծ
һ㣬һʼʱûзġֱɽܵһͻ裬ڱһɾǰ£ҾļӦûˡ
ʱһʶѪﰡҪߵģ
ͬѰﱾǲͬģ屾ܵĶ԰˵ȫȫԿ˷ġ
ɱͱڶû޷ԺܶǶڶʱֳһЩڶʱеص㣬˯仺лͣȵȡ
ԣŬ˰Ҫ˯һ°µģСɣˣ
ھ͸о䣬źڶǰ컺ƿӣ߶˽ȥصš
Ȼµʱһ𽵵Ļ£ֻѪҺģöûܽůȡ
ʱ뵽֮ǰʮ꣬ÿһѰڻҪ˼ʮÿһҪΪԼȥˡ
ʱƽȵĺһתͿ˴˿װ˯úܳ١
°һͺȰɣ
ѹĵ͵͵ģ˵Ż߳׷ůܵߴ˴ա
ܳپͳΥ屾ܵ˱ܡ
:
ٴա
ٱܡ
ٴա
ٱܡ
ֱܳٱǽϣ޿ɱܣסЩʪۣȻһ
ܳ:⣡Ҫˣô죡
ȴֱۣܰĵıۡ
Ķֵ:Ҿͱһᣬ㡭
ܳٶͺˣһˡ
룬õˣҪôһʱ͸أ
˽ģΪθܲ۸ֲҹԼ
ʱͶס
ֱιɣ                        

 38 

߼ʹڳ״̬, Ҳ
ǽտָͨ, 㾫ǿǸ಻ʶȥġ
һ֪֮ܳǰ͹һ, ôõںϤʶ䲻ܣҲųˡ
ԣܳپԼǣ, ȫȫ̲ŵĴԣʶС
, һˬ̫ĸ, Ҳӯ鶯
ʱͲﲻԡ
֮ǰΪһֱβǰ, ʶý״̬, ʱȫעȥ㡣ڣʶӷɢˣûųɾƫƫԿ, ǺĿˡ
ڸ, ʶƫƫԽǽںͽյĴͷºĳڶСɬصԼްӰ
Ŭջʶ, Ϳӿʶлһ൱ľԪǿžԪɫޱȴĺɫɵɫˮεšԪΧһŨӿģȴǿʢԵ˿ûжĸо
ȻͿԼѾβԭԼﵽβڵΪ
:
״±״̬ѹŵؾ˿Լϸļӿ˿Լɫǳͫʣţ鸴ӡ
ôԼ³BUFFܼӳְôҲ̫˰ɣһĳɾ͸аǱҲûôĹ⻷ôо֮ǰǿƹʮ궼Ǽٵİ
ĲӿӯȫľһʵĿС
ۣĿô׾ʹˣ治֪һҪˡ
һ˲ãˣоԼһɥʧ˷ܶĿꡣŸոҵĿ겻ãûпʼΪĿŬɾһӴĿ꣬Īʧء
ʱͽͶڰ˯ܳϣ˯ʱԶһơ
壬ҪԼųһ
Դ𴲣ȥҵ͡
ţչһӾʹ̵΢ۣȻָоﲻԡ


ΪɽԴͷڣɽӯޱŨڣ˵Ƥȴڸ
ûŶû˼Ҿͻø޷ֿþҪϺöŶ
ʶԶš
ﻹһдСڵɽͷֲﶼҫ£ɢٵĿ
ɿɿĽҲڿٵıոš
±ƲأͼԺͻȻײŶ롣
˿ݲ԰ףŲȣĹȵı֡
ڹģҲͺôûòΪ:֣ôˣ
ͨӽһɣ־Ҫץʱͬգ˼άûתأȴӦԷӦܵĹ־ͽǯס
ǯŴֱ۵:Ҷ췢ʲôûɡ
֣ʲô
󾫴ʱŭͷأ鱻ȫޣԼȻһֻССܾ򲻹ˣǺεȵĿ߿
ŭȫһȴֻһֱ۾ʹӼ粿Ѿˡ
ûһ⣬Ͳ˺ôһȴ󾫻أͷſ֣ɵ⡣
󾫾ôʱ˿ԼˣװԼĸ첲׹˵ϣһӾʳ˵:װʲôˣҵĶװ޹
:ǣް˵ʲôأҲʲôû޹
ĳñ˿ޣһ˿޳˾Ρ
ͳòڰô䣬һǿ޵øˣһӲԼ޵ǽһ˺ѷΣγϡ
һ˫ȵģĪЩ
ڸղԼ˺һ£˺ЩأȻҲڰһúõĴүǸÿ޵ôңԼеΣҲԶһޣڼվͰο䣬ҲʾԼε⡣
û뵽ǣ߯ܿޣ۳Ҫ˰ʱˣ޵ûˣǺߺģģûͣ˼
Щˣȥˡ
ͶڷµӰͷʶɨݣܳȻ˯ðȻһű󾫿޵ޱȸҲ滺
һ뵽ͦˣûܳأҲһӼˣֱ⣬һʱ䶼Ըٵˡ
֣ˣ㵹˵˵׷ʲô
ίͰƳһۣ֨ɺ
:ո˵Ķʲô˭ģ
󾫻شһ˫Բͼˮ
ƵЦݾͽϣһӾŭˣθһ:ˣ˵£û¹ȥޣ
û뵽ἱҲû뵽ӿŵ㾫ǿ
䲻ŵÿһ飬Ҫҭͼ˰ƣֹס˳ҭһͺ˵¶
ͻȻЩˣ֮ǰǿԿġΪǳԭҲ߹󣬿ǽ죬һӾͿˣֻܡ
һΪˡǲûУֻǾԪʶ޷ۼѡ
һҹ֮ΪԶ֮ˡпܣȪ֮ǰ㾫ˢյ飬̺Ȼǲɹģ˵һҹпܣοΪˡ
˵˵žͻջ֣и̾:ðãҪƣϴʱ
ᵽܳٵʱסϰ춼ûܷӦ
ԹɡʵͽСĶô
š
ԵһˣײڲԸ֪ģľͿʼų⡣
֣ܰɣ˽£ġ
㲻˽
ܿģҰڲһٶ꣬ˣʧ䣬㶫Ӧòܵġ
Ҳܳ٣Ӷܳ٣ʶҪ
Ȼôһ˵Ժо͸ֳܳ輫Լһ˫Ѫ͵ش˸£ͷ:㿴˫۾ۣǼۣҿǲţţ
˵ӾҪɲ϶׵̫ãȶˣûվ
ͳ:Ҵ֡
˹ȥȴһͱһֻץס
ͷܳ١
չ£ܳһ˫ʪۿƴһСƤ԰׼͸ί:
һСĸΰ
ûӦعͷ:֣ӰѾԡ
ȴ֣ˡ
תͷһ˲䣬ǸȵĴк
һڣ˲伫Ƶôô俴ţ̡֮
ıֻ⣬ֻͷܳ٣ȴܳ:£˵Ķģ
ܳپҡҡͷ:û
˵ʵȪƾ¿Ķ˵
˿϶Ĵ𰸣ȥ:֣㿴ɣ²飬˵ˣû
󾫾ͼ:ûҿȪȡߵ飡ҵ飡
ʲôԺ·ʨ°̤һд˾
ǿǱڵصĴ󾫣ֿݣܳ١
:˵ȡ飿
ʨ°ΪԶ󾫣ܳٵʱһΪסüë
ܸܵһ㣬ΪҲܸɾǿ
ʱҲƵľͽ˻:˶룿
ܳ˵Ŀ⣬رĿִ𾪡̽ɵĸĿ⣬ֱҪȼ
ܷǰһɵʧꡣ
߬°ڣǿѹȼյķŭװܿ־ؾͽԼȫص
һԲȫ΢Ĳš
ۼˣȫԼڵ˼໤˵λãͦţθ:˵ȥ
˴󾫵ͻǽˡ
˵ǣɢǲ֮ʧпΪǴˡ
ڻʨ°һĪչѰҶԲ֮ʱ󾫿Ǹܳٵ꣬ȥȪȡ飬պ˷ӡĿΪΣҲ˶롣
ڶ˵ûˣȴҲָ˴ǰöôҶָʽ¼ֻһССĲ
˵Ǻ¡
ᣬ̾:ţһǲĳλ߽ʴȵΪ
Ŀߺޣֱָܳ:ʲôɣ
ܳηηһģԲ
Ͱ:֣Ҽһ֡еǰӣҪſ
Ҳ˵ˣӢΪǴ󹦣Ǽûòϵģ
ʨ°׾͹Ц:֣ץһСӲš
˵ûۻɽر㹻
ɲҪ̫̰İ
ܳٴ˻Ǻ£ҲΨһľֻԴҼʹﶼƵ˵ȫģǻһߵܳ١
˵ıͨҶѻûнپͱ˵ĻϲУһССʧȻƨ㡣
ֻʵҲôСȡһֲˡ
һУޡȡŭֻǶԼܵ߷ߣԼĿ־壬һвյ
ڲŲתһԺӡ
Ҳ˷ԵƣסǬͳ֮ǰԹԪϽҩ:ֻ֣ôˣȥðɡ
󾫴ͷǿҩ뵽
ֻ˼ǧڣΪȫ԰ͷš
һ̰ɱǣԲô۵ģʹΣҲɵġ
³ġ
߬߬ҩƿûˡ
ֻ֪ôˡ
ڴܳȡһ˵һٸŵģ޷һҹ֮Ϊ¡
Ҳ֪ⲻǴӱٰܳûй˭ĶֻǶΣȥõһЩ
󾫵ҩҲֻ御ˡ
ڻس̵·ϣܳĻϲǣ֣ҸҪʱ
Ϳ˵:°֮ǰ˵㲻ˡ
ҪΣյ¡
һᵣĵġ
ܳپͼ޹ɣȴһ߬
ܳ١ˡ

ɽɫ׳İףҶɫʰ쵡
ͬܳɽúò׳һˣȻͲôĻȥǾ:£죬ٻؼҰɣ
һ飬ܳٶû顣
ǡ
һҹ
¸
ܳһɽ֮ϣ»һֻ޴Žķˡ
ҫۣѤãβƮݡ
ôˣδ㾪𺳹ͻȻ;ۿȺȣҪһ
ܳٵһڱǰչԼĻԭЩɬҲ˼ȥֱֻ²ͷ

Щˣˣô
ܳʵɬּòǻӳͽԼ:ץˣҷɺܿ졣
Ӧץȵķ΢΢ӡȴޱȼȵġ
ˣȣͷһˣ
ǵԭдɵԭǷ˵ģԭģûűīд
ûˣ
ɣ߷쪣ͿЦЦЦžһᡰžડһҵ˾ϡ
һ𣬶¹⿴˿ָǿԲ飬Щš
˰ôȻˡ
˿ûиܵʹ࣬ҲûоþԪ
ûж룬պ飬»סܳٵĲͼȸԾ

ôţĽתһȦڼ˾ͩ˾Ͷƻؼʱǰ֮
ʱˣҶˣܳٵĸҲˡ
صɽʱĵĸկھӴȥɽͷزֺǵˣֺǵĵл
ǼӾһΣһָֺ֡
һصңͼԼǰ̨ϣһѪľ׳С
һʶͽܳٻ
ȻǰСϿõĵطһ:ֵܣûԴɣ˵ġ
СѪۣ治ݣοʶ
һǸˣҸط˵ʱȴض˶
һ˫Ǻڰ׷ģǰӰʹ
ͼӲİ򣬱ȭ˺:
ܡ
ۡ˿Ѫ赹һԡ
һ̲ѪѪĸɺԳ̶ࡣ
:
Ϻģ
һѪɶˣ
Ϻˣˣ
ȥˣ                        
лҪ˵:ģԶż¡
Һ÷ϡĺԺһŬ֡µģ

 39 

źúõһСӻ赹Լǰ, ǾǸһëǮϵûУҲȡ
οǰ˳Ϊ, ǾһƬˣ˷Ȼǲܲġ
ǰȥ鿴һСӵŲһ, ͱܳס
ܵͻͷܳ٣ֻһĲԸָָǰѪӰŵ㶶:, Ҫ, Ӧϼҵˣǲܼȵġ
ܳپ˳ɨ۵ˡ
Ǹˣ䲻, ȴ˶, Ϊܸߡ
Ŀ, ͷĲУҡҡͷ:࣬
ЦеջȥĲӣ˸߲ҵ:ѽ, Ǽ֪, ô֪ѽ
ܳپһӱŪˣȫŪΪʲôô˷ܡۼӾҪˣҲͲ, ͵˵ͷɤ:š
һȦףĲУͰ첲Ƶĺ:Ǽ°ʱһҪСһŶҪѪŪϣ򲻺ϴġ
ܳ:Եһ£ﲻԡ
˵Ż۾г:Ǽѽ֪ˣҪû㰡֪ôˡ
ããˡ
ʵĴŲʺƨ֪ܳռȫûбҪëᡣ
ֻܺţ˳ţۻţҪţҪϲ̵š
ͲһģܴﵽĿģܺġ
ȻܳȻо˲ԾǶĻãԵҪһ
ȻҲһʼԭĸԸ
Ҳ̲ѪĶûֱӽӴֻᵽԺС
ȻһԺУܳپʶԼʲô£ԹȥСƲģһί
ôĻãͱŪתˡ
ԽԽˡ
˿ЦøƵóѵСһǰѪߵܳǰԴ:£ͷ
ܳپ͹ԹɵشԴ̧ϸͷľһˮҲ:
á
ҪˣһӶû㰡
ôţǽָһʶ尵Ľ࣬ľͱһĹ
һƽ£оҲͦҸҲͷĵٴλȥˡ
Ȼǰĵػˣܳپûôùˡ
Ըһ£Ծһ±ţʰԹĽչգ峿ҲԸȥչˡ
ȥѧˣڻȥҲȥ
̰ůģҲܳôˣܾĻԽԽůʱˣ˯ʱͻ᲻֪
ЩŤĵöŵŮ֣ǺͱˣĻʵ̫ůˣǽеһ־ڻİõУÿһϮҹͬȡů
һ˯Ժģܳٻ°;͵ķġ
ĽҲԽԽ쳹״ʱѾîʱһˡ
Ƶ:ˡ
ܳ˯ʶｫн˽ֽϳ˳š
˵:ˡ
ܳپͰͷ䣬ˡ
֪ö˯ᣬˣǾŴȥܳٷĸˡ
ߡ
Ȼûѡ
ȥ

ȥڿôˡ
ָľĽ࣬Ϊʵǲ࣬ͷҹһǶס˸ڿõĻǵѣͰ˹ȥ
ܳһ˷Ӧְˣ͵ˣ:ȥ
:Ӧġ
ܳپͿʼί:һѾôҪô
ͺ:ҪһҲҪҪ
ܳ:ҪͲȥ
:
㲻ȥȥ
Ҫ𴲣ܳһеҪ첲ͲÿɽһҲ:ҲȥҲȥ
һˣܳôͻȻͱôˡ
ܳٲЩᣬԾͲˣŬŲӣ:£㲻ԡ
˭֪ôһ仰ƫƫͲסܳʹţ͵ؾͰøˣͷҲøˣţ͸ί:Ųԡ
Ѿעˡ
һ㶼ԡ
˵źίһһھҧϣһöӡͿȥ
ܳ뵽ȥȿίعζȴּŭ졣
Ȼƶڿûһ仰ǳĵģΪľƭȥչˡ
̫ˣ֪ȥĺ˵ˣΪˣûһĳġ
£һ㶼עֻں㡣˵Ļ
㻹ܳ
ǲܼȣˡ
ܳپͰָ:˵ں㶼Ϊˡ
:٣ⲻġ
ûУý
Уڻҡ

ʱڸʵʵָĽȫĵĴȻΪδүˡ
֪϶ᡪ
ԾĨԼ֣
ܳٳѽѷ֡
Ȼ¶ǣܳȡֵʱǾԼҲ÷ֳʤ
Ʋа
ͶشƿӣЬӣ´ţš
һ׶ɵˮһ۶û͸ܳ٣Į顣
ܳٶʱ;ûпտյˣЩ£°վͿʼ
ҲûʲôֵôôͻȻˣ
϶Ϊֻ㣡
ˣˣҪƲһĺùӳԣ
˿̣ڸڣûһۣû˵һ仰ܳ仯һ֪Ľ.ԩͷ.࣬ʾԼԩ
һҲûûһˬϴֿʼɨԺӡ
ʱҶӻ϶ˣͺͺ֦ɹ⻬޳ֱͦ
Щͣ壬Ͼһˡ
ͰͷµܳڲȱʳˣһжԽԽãһֳصĸоĽĳ־żȻجġ
ƽӣжأ
ô˼һǾյ£ٶ롣
ܳ˵ڲȱʳˣϴڵ߲໹ȫģֳһͨ߹õȵ괺졣
ã֮ǰг϶ڹһЩ߲ˣһȫԼֹȥ
ֿԼǸȼ֮ˡ
һ峿͸ܳһ࣬һСǡ֪ܳÿ࣬һǡ
ָһζ嵭˺ˡ
Լһİ࣬һ齷
ͰϰԵľͽܳ𴲣аǳأڵԼͣڴˡડĽŲ
ܳٴͷǶشвϵ߰㣬ɿţûΡ
ͷҲЩңɫ԰ףֻȴһЩǰˡ
ǿһǽļӣʹ޵ĵĸ֮꿪ʼȼգڣܳʱ̲סˡ
Ŀʮֵ:£·Ҫúô
ޱ飬:ᡣ
:Ұ㴩
ܳٹ:á
:ﲻԡ
ôţܳٳԹһ緹ҲĺҲĺ룬ΨװͰ͵ġ
ȥûʰ꣬˵
ܳٲɣڵһ:ȥ
۾ֱƢСһģһı顣
Ͳ̲ƤۣЦ˹ͣĻ:㲻ȥȥ
Сܳһƽ˿Ѻۣ㲻ȥ
ûԽԺǽأͱܳס
һսǲ:
۸ҡ
͵óѵЦͷ:£ǿȵ˰
ˡ
Լ㣬зֻɱ˴δȹˣһ̻ξˣ϶᲻һġ
ܳһضɲôúˣҲûЦŨī
ڴ֮ϣĽ౻ϴĸɾһЦ¶ںĿУüŨڣɫҰף꼫ѡ
ܳĮؿʾ²ʲԸһһŵҩ͵С
ߣȴסҪơ
ܳ:ܲˣҲɣ                        

 40 

ܳٲԸ⶯, һĽֱ
βסص˴˺ü, ŤͷҪߵʱȴһɨһֱڶ
кżӣм֣
ƾʲôΪԼ
ܳΪ˱ʾҲô˻ȥ, ˾ô˼ͻȻЦ:£˲ܰ;ϵġ
ҪˣҪȥ𣿵ʱһ, ľ, ǰ
ܳüһȴû
һԲ, ƾҪǰȥ鿴Ľ, ȴܳһ, һ˹ȥ
һֱЦпʱʱ䣬һͷСȷĽһֱڻָ, , ͼ˷š
һ۶뿴Ľࡣ
ܳˣҪ壬ƫƫ, һ˼˼С
Ҫˣ׼ණ
˵һֻβڣѾǶǿˣȻǲηϺġ
Ƕָֻأ޷յ壬ͱʱʱ̿רעʶá
һ˵Ҳĺܿ졣
ϺټܵѪԣĿͻһͨˣ¶һȥͻ붬״̬Сɿɾûչˡ
㣬ʯ̿аʲôģҪ
ϵеʱһֵĵ
˳ӣܳٺԼѡа󣬾;ֱȥӡ
ӳ̵ĳֳͣƯ̵Сƶӡһ¶ϲӭ
ϣ˿͹٣ضҪʲôèӭܲƳȴûõ⣬;ϲ
ֻӦһȴûжվſڣĿֱͶﴦ
Сľˣӻһã϶һ
Ǿͺ֪ȤĽ˹յȲ󣬾ͽϰ˳
Ȳů֣˽һڲĹ򣬾ͼһĴ˹
Ҳûֱ:֣ûװ
²յü¶:
ɫصص˵ͷ:ǡνֻҪܸһ¯
⻰Ǵһӵ˼
£ֻҪͨΪ߶ȻˣĵҩȴߵΪβġ
֮ʱ޴ʧʼߣǶ룬ҲζͲܳɹ
ˣ˿͵˽ô̽ģҲͱһɻ뵽¯ⶫȷʵУֻ̫Ū:ҪұŪպȡ
һ˵ŪҲһһµľ͸ʮ
ֻû˲٣ڼ˻ضòĶϣһЩС⣬ؼʱɫȻȥ
ķʮֺصҵʱȴܳ٣ѰһȦ޹ųȥңͼŲӣɥͷɥԻ˼ҡ
ȥͼӶֱֱԽ굽
:
СƢء
ãüԽԽˣҲûȥ壬ϴ׼
ܳٵһʶңӿɰòᡪ
ǰôһˣһӾͱôĮˣ⵽ǵµɥǸڳĹŪ
벻Ҳȥ룬ͻ˸ոͬկͷèĽ
һֱܳܽѣһֱûǸ˼һһãʵܳկѵġ
կͷǸϱϱè
èǿȫկϱĵ䷶ƽſڱտڶϱĶڵСͬܳϤ֪˹ζ
ȥУܳѵõû͵ֻһʶ˸ľųߴ󺺣ȥСϪ߶èȥˡ
û뵽èһͱ׵ˡ
èͬ죬һеЦ:ϣֵܣˣ
ܳһźӲϾ͸ֳһ˿ȣֳִ:ˡ
èһ˫۲һ¾ˡ
èǶôķޣֻҪദʱˣûвܵġƫƫСӾͺܵһһûִ
һܣһӾ˾·ҲϴˣһԾܳԣһֲ´:զֵܣ˵˵¸о顣
ܳپװģ̾˿ִӵϿһűˮˢĹ⻬Ķʯ۶ˮˡһ͸źˮͱ𣬷ȦȦҲôˡ
ǡ
ôţܳһ˵еί˵ûôţֻ˲٣èȴסļ磬ſͷ޵
ܳ:
ܳȻͬè׽ҲԸͬ˵䣬ɲԸⱻԺĮƿ
èҲ⣬Ĩ˰Īеᣬʮֶ:ֵܣᵽˣ
̫ˣ
ܳίͬ:ǿɲǣ
èͳı:ֵܣɵ˰
ʱͬ㶮ڿɲֻҪչʾ۷Եʱˣ
ǵѧϰı㣬ϱ󣡡
è˵øܳٲ:⣿
èüɫ衢٩٩̸:ʲô
ܳҡͷ
èһĴȣƹļ:
㣡
Ǿ͵װ÷
Ȼˣ㻹û֣˵޵ĺǳԣְҪʵڲȥ
ܳȻʾ⣬װˡɽʲôûиı䣬ǲںˣ
èҡͷ¸ֵ߰:ԣϲԵͬʱǳĸԵԣ
һܽ˵õôʱ򣬻ǸԾͶղܷˣ
è˵ʱ뵽ԼͰϱŵİģԺ
ܳٱʾ⡣
èЩɸ֣뱬ֿڡ
һȴҲ⣬ͬϱʱҲյ۵ʱ൥ɬĶСĻ
ͷζǶأ
ʱҲûʲôìܣ˾ɶҲֻţֻҪжԷǾȿˮġ
ͷεܳټ:ѡ

㻹ᡣ
ྭͶˡ
ܳٻ϶̡
ʱè;ȫҪԹ˵ݽ̵һ£ûأͼϪһӰ͹£
⣬ܳٶ:ֵܣƺˡ
ֳѧ
ǣܳپ͵ӣһĹ
è͵ģŮۼžҪգͱסͷס
׵ʮֿҰ
׵ŮһĽߣһ̲Ƶȭؿڣ:ᣬء
ǻ浽ڻӿܳԺУþû֮ȥ

ܳٳһӶԲߦ棬ȫ£ͽӰᵽ£һյƣʵӳᡣ
ܳٻκߦ߯㣬һĲӾֹסĽС
Ц:ܲҪԷˡ
Ȼûٶ˵һ䡣
ܳپӽײࡣ
ܳʧˡ
ǷϵߵԣһԲĳߦ档
ǳĬֻ۽üҶŻϲ
Ķܳٵĺãûܱϲֿɰÿɰ
ֱС
׵С̹
ֱõĸʱ֮ܳذԵѹڴϣžǡС̹뷨жôƿЦ
һԱʳưڴϣ˫֣˫ȵȣļš
Ǻģȴڵġ
зŨҰԵռ˶ɢһ֡ˣкơ
³Ļȴ:
̫ˡ
̫ˣ
ںҡ
ǿҲԸ¡
Ҫź
ͳĬţͫͨͨҪˡ
Īúʲô
ί;úʲô
ѵǶS
ȻһЦˡ
ܳ:ô棬ȻһҲںȻЦè˵Ķԣ˹ȻǵðԵһ㣡
ʲô˲Ů˲Ȼģ
ܳŭȼյĳ嶯֮£ѰĴʮְԵȥ
:ʲô
ܳٻ̧ͷ˴Ƶ:졣
:                        
лҪ˵:£˭̻㰡
ÿ춼飬κٲQAQ
д˳QAQ

 41 £ޣ

ܳǹԵʵɵ⻹ЩЩС, ջЩ˵ġ
ͻȻԼЩκܳټձߴķ˿ɨ, Ĵĵһ
һžºÿˣڶǸӵȫһ, Ŀתһֱڶ
һ˲Ϳںڵ۾ԼȻԼ֮ǰûŮĶ
Լʮǰ갡, Ųһһĺ, Ȼģģɰշ˵㣬ûʮˣ
ɫｫԼô, ȻԼʵҲǸδгŮҲ, ʲôȿȡ˼, Ҳ˵¶񶯣
ԼοȴͻȻһ롪
ܳҪҲϲ
ֲôϲ
ָϲһϲ
СŮԸʱǻ·, ʱΪԼҲȫȫϲԼ, ʱսľΪԷϲһжԼ롣
ľжȹ¶ɬĳ˵һĶ, ҲĲǸˣǵһĶʱ顣
ɱ˰ȦƴܳٶϲѰĵطƴѣֻǸСкŲϲЩС¹ײΪΪռ
أԾһ˲ͻعͬܳദЩӡȻͳͨˣأǶ˯һŴϵˣǾһˡ
ǾǱ˴˵ġ
û˭˭ռУ˵ǻռеġ
˼ŵʱһ˫ɫͫ·ǹ⣬鶯ֽĶ
ҲǹһͬȥȥЩʲô
ʲô棬׺
ʲôܳٶȷһƣҲʵķ衣
ȫȫռǲֻԼġ
ŵ϶ŵ
ܳپŬԼƫִ˼Ŭһռڲأ̶װˮ
ҹɫѾˣ¹ˮһְ͸ܴصĹţҰڵͺ
ܳپͰͷ䣬һĥĲӡ
ͷ͒ļһֺݻ̨ļⶼŲ˲
Ǻڱܳʡ
óӦǺŬѹģȻ͸ܵһſŹ̵ˮľ
̵̺̣Ĳֺܿᡣ
ޡˣ
ΪչԱͿˣ
ΪԿˣ
ûиܳٵΪʲôޣжǲģˣԳһɰô᣿
ʹסˣȻɬڶ:


һһȻûи໰ýܵýͽڻͷһһӦʱͺȻãҪµҲˡ
ܳ٣ͷֱ嵽°ҹŽ˯
һɢҲԵɵɵģֻҪһܵкʱʱһҭ˳ļ
ҲǼʱٴʱѴˡ
һĿģһżµĿ͵һ˫ۣ֪á
ǵļʪȵĺһԼܿڶİ
簲¡
Ц硣
ܳپͽ˽ϵֱۣıۡ
:ıԵġ
ܳС̫ŴˣƵĶˣûס־Դ۾һﶼЦ:ˣ¡
ܳȴ뵽ҹӦҪֻļͣ۵ȻҲȷʵôˣͼͷͷ¶һֻСۺۺġ
ȴûĻᣬȵ־ͽԴһʮ´üë˵:£ϲˣֻϲ㣬𴲺òã
ܳپҪˡ
ɿ˲ϸֱۣ֫𴲡
̰ű¶ȣţֱֽͣɢɢ𴲡
˵㻰ҹӦܳٲٱչԱһٷȻûĽһ䣬һģ
ԴˣܳٵЩ֮ġ֪ģҼ俴ѵľΪͷԼļ
ܳͻȻһûıᣬȸжеѹ
ʱɲܳٵ˼ʰ󣬾Ϳʼ붨ԭļ䣬ΪĹÿ춼εģβڵǿ޷ͳ־
ûϰֻԼУģ°װ˷һΪ
רϰʶתãܳپͶһԿģȴƽ
֪һһûڹעģǣⲢܴû
Ͼһ˵ϲֻϲ
ܳٶپͷʹҲʶһ㡪ǲԶעϵġ
Ҳ˽ԼҪġ
ܳ뵽һһӾͶµ÷ţˢһʶسʶֻһϢҪˡ
ֻ棬ʶȻԽʶ
Ǳ㳢ʶͬ:ȥģ
ʶͬϺƬһûб߼ʣܳٵʶľԪԾ:ȥ
Ͷ:ҪΣյ¶Ҫؼҡ
ܳ£Ӧˡ
ܳٵʶʶ˳̤ţʱãˣԼҪȥ
Ǿ˸Ĵҹ䣬ʱʶƬأ˽ɽÿһýŲЩͬһжʵ
ôţܳžϪ߶Ϫˮ壬ˮ滺ľܳپڰãյģЩʲô
ʱ˱ɳɳĽŲʶȥȴè
ܳپƲȥֱһƤҡ
èߵĽˣһҪ˶Ǵܳ٣ǱͷԵľͷʱ紺Ļһ㣬ˡ
æ˦˲Ƶԣסļ磬һ˫è:ֵܣսΣ
ܳٴʱͷߣҲܷңԼһЩ¶ÿϣ϶׿˵Լȴѡ
ϾҲûеĸദȷķʽӦôġ
èʱͱúϸ£Լµֵܿ.²˳ϱҲпܡ
ͷ·ϿԼʱӰӣǾͺܻعеҪ˽ⷢϵ¶:ֵܣʲô¶˵ܸܲ
˵͵ܳٷӦȻʱһһĹܳپҧ˲΢è뵽Щ˶ݣ˸Уû˵ʹܳȥ˼еľƹݡ
ܳٱǲԸģκмܲסè飬ҲͰưͣһȥˡ
һȥŷԭ˵ĺõطһʮֲС¥¥㣬ڼбڣǰôһȲ۵īɫСžС
ǰᦣԹţϾдһ֡ơ
ܳټɲüһ̤룬һŵľ
˶࣬ԭޱһʱè͸Ļ׳һͷԸϰ尲һŰİ䡣
һСҾƣͷǿңھ磬èԼѾƣƷһƷ:Ҫ˵⣬Ǹöֵܣ
˵ž͸ܳٵƣ˵ζãڸЩֲڣͼľһľ
ܳͷһغȾƣһڣǺζãһ˳һ
è͹Ц;⺢ؿɰֻԱèֳ׵ġ
è͵:ƽǧǺö
һܳپè£Ҿζ
ߣյС¶ǣȴˣſϲʶͲܿƵҴܡ
èúܲˣ⻹ûʼأôͽˣ
ҲûţĿ࣬ãѾơ
ҹûͰȥ
Сǰ볨ŵģıԵع˵ϣ̵ޱѡèһһڵƾƣֱ˶ǣ̧ͷ졣
˫۱Ѭʻǣ̧࣬ɫͷͿһ滵ˣʱؼⲻ˵ð
һܳ˯ţ˯òӣƬëͶĨӰӣǲĲͣһŴѬ÷ۺۺ죬ʮֻ
ʱҲˣ׳ļ:٣ֵܣѣûؼˡ
ֻ̨ܳ磬ҡѣһ˫лøɬۣȴͷˡ
˻񡭡
ΰ
ղһóóΡ
è˼ɷ˵ɽ
ܳ˲ľ벻ˣè͵ײײźڶһؼҡ
ԺںԵɪܳ˫ĿնĿһۣҲʲôǰԴһײš
󣬴Ĵ֨֨죬ܳԴĺˣûӦš
ʵҲء
˵תתѰ˼ţƲɽҲʶ˭ൽǰתһȦҲͻˣɲ룬춼ˣûӰ
ɢʶȥѰʶɽڣһδ󺺻Ӱµܳ٣öʱͰģһֲ״̬ԣʶһ̽
⺢᲻ѧ£ȻȥȾˣˣ
ˣĹڣҪʲôͼɵһԴײš
:ûô
һ£ÿһͬײļϣ۵ĲС
ȷšȴܳΪžþòͱһײݣûײֱ㶵ǰԣԵһůϡ
ײ뷢أͳӱס˵ѹϣ°͵ѣɵɵЦȵϢ࣬ɳ˻Щ:
㻹ڡ
á
ĺϲϲ㡭
ܳкܶ໰û˵磬ϲϲζȴμ뿪ξС
ǳΡ
Ͱţܵԣ:£ôȾˣ
ܳپ͸СƵò˲䣬Ƶ:ûȹ
:

ˮ
͹ԹԵİԴһ˫ˮ⣬ԭ԰׵ƤҲյ͸˲۵ĺ졣
һԹɵģƵĶˡ
մʪͰϣ˵:ԺҲȾơ
ܳصӦš
֣ͽܳ˱ѡ
ܳپ͵һ˫ˮۣε
𱻽˽ȥͱһѲס


 42 

ڶմ, ɫδлŲ㱡߾Ժ, ˫ֺʮк˿ڰůů, ҵķȥ
չĽĵڶˡ
գ߲ܳúȥҵ˸ߡ
ʱڲ԰æˣһ԰ӵķѹ˾, , ׼ſʱ֡
͹ĨɬЦ԰ǰһֱЦӭ:
Ͳ˼Ц, ߾, ֱԵ:, ʲô鲻ֱ˵
͹һ֮롪
æտһĽࡣ
鷳æһҲû룬ʹӦ
ô, һͬʰ˲˵, ˾һĽǶ
Ϥһ¹ղʽϸڡ
ɫ磬ûȥ, ֱȥ˸ڡ
ڿҿҵĸ߽һطͼԱˡ
ȥʱӿ컨壬ѣԵȱˮ
һӦ˺һ㶹ĿİͰͿ:㣬˰
ϵԱţ߾ǿʵ˵ˣǾͶ˱ˮյǰࡣ
ûչ˹ԱҵȻͲСģĽš
ԣĽӽͳһĻ
һͷԲ¹ǵС͵ˮ¹ۣСصĳͷ
°͵ֻǶģȻˮƵҪð̵ĺһ·ֱ롣
̹˲١
ȻδüӦ˭ּײţٻʱָһˡ
ų⣬һϮƵȹһ˫ɫǳͫ
ǣĹ
ĽȻ;ۿʪˡʮǰ룬֮бȴһϺͱ͵Ϯ
ʱЩɥ֪Ҫڶ롣
ĽûܱΣŻʹµл
ܣδܳ鹫ң
ɰѻſڣ±״̬һĽһ𴲣һ󼱴ٵ򿪷ţͱ߶˵⴦˵Աˡ
ͦģδüػһ£ͱ˼ôһˣ˵ǣɵ׻Ĵء
ͨһ㣬æǰ˲ûģöٿŵҩأɵأ
Ľ˫ϥأ̬ȼǲ
ɲֲ鲻ĹԼƭ:ĽǰɣΪҵİΣԺĻҲǲһʱ
ôصˣʲô
Ľ⻰뵽ԼڰʲôҲˣˣҲûʲô塣
л󣬱ҲŴӵỺҹطĲĬĬ˵ֻ֪صĺһԣҲĻ¡
ִҲ

ˡ
һĹ
ȴ̫ʣˣΪһˡ
Щǲ˵ģͼɼۿ˿ߣȻֻ˵л˹ˮæ
ߺ󣬱ͲӾͿЩ̫һһ㽫
һƽӲӵķ϶ϣҫ۵һ⣬ӳͫ
ʱ֪ԭǱϵֻǺӣȻǶԼ׹Ů޸Ļͷһǿսʿ
ֻֿ˿Ľࡪ
ǿսʿģôˮ
Ľ½˵Щ֪Ƕ񶾺ĸڶ񶾺ĸı׼ΪᰣΪλĲݡ
͵ϮİԺ޷ΣķĶʧȥṶɽʮꡣ
Բģɱһһϵİ
İòϢϺĽģ롣ȴڶĽⰵɱ붫룬Ⱥ̾Ͳҽˡ
²⣬ӦǻϺͬˣʱٻЩʲôͲö֪ˡҵģҪصġ
ֻͷ󣬹ȻôǶ񶾺ĸưոݡȴǸ㲻ˣҪɱΪʲôֱɱΪʲôҪɱİ
ʲôԻ·
ˣ
벻ͨˣԲ룬ԼְĽ಻Ҫ̫࣬ר塣

ʱһξպ
һ峿ͳš
ٰܳͲ׽˸ڵĶ
ǿȥչĽ࣬˸УĽ࣬ȴЩŤ
ϲˣȴ޷ɱˣޱʹ࣬Ÿһܡ
ձѰĽಢûбֳһ˿һںҲο˲٣˲١
ΪûԸĽÿնڼʹ޸ѵľҲ⣬ġ߾Ͷ棬˫ֳ°ͣһ˲˲ؿ
ͷŵ÷¹ȻӦҪչȫָǾԲ뿪һġ
Ľ಻ûи߹ֻ̬ȫûиоÿնйµĹҪʲô
ĽЩסˣĺãʹȫȫžУŮѹ͵ǳǳ
Ҳʱһǵһ˫Բ¹ۣǺ̽ĿĿתĿ
ӦڿüëӦڿıӣӦڿͣڿһУһֱĿתڿ
Ļţңȴ޷Ӷ
ûŹӣȴûߡ
ձâڱ
ֱܵ뿪ܿİȫΧʹŻʹҲҪϡʱѾͻβ磬ɽֵؽ缸Ѿûжˡ֪ľֻǹİҲҪ֤İΣ
ϣȴΪԼƣߵĺ
ʱ·ȴһ˵ȥ
һĺ꣬ܲ԰ףа죬ڶʱ¶ŨŨ
ʲôͷΪʲôڹߣͬûкøС
ܸܵǸˣںˣ˾ڹǰֵ򵥡
Բ߳ΣܾãǸ
ʱ
Ϊͯ꾭Ӱ죬ܳٶ˵ǺУһЩ¡񡢵⣬ȵȡ
ҲͬɵĴӶԷв׽Լĵ⡣
ֵ⣬෴ģǶֳøУǲŻء
ǰ˽ü߱ǣͫ⣬ν˶ȴһĺ£Ľۿ۷
ʱ˷˾Ϳ˿:ÿ
ܳٵһ˲ȥͬ˱:Զ㡣
Ľһڲ:ΨһĹҵġ
ܳپҪץ:ҵġ
Ľƽȴᶨ:ĹģҲϺģΨġ

ٰܳĽڰʱҲС
Ҫ˵Ȼ·ҰŪ˶¯ͭ¯£ϸ徫һͲͨ
ԼĶģ̴ʹϲ˿ףǰƴͭС¯Ϊ¯:С¯
˵Ͻ̫Ͼ¯С档
𣬹ȫܼ롣
ɹʼߣ
Ǹģ͵¯Ӿüķ²ۡ
Ѿģûпμǰɣ̫Ͼ¯ӿɲ˼ǻͭ¯аôߣôСһʲôŶС
һ۾Ϳɻ󣬽ֵ:ͷгбЯľһ㣬ʱؿ

˵žָ¯вһűʯ̵İť:۱ѪһѪʱ¯ĶͶһžţ
ôţôһͨĺĶϲ̾͸β
ֻһʧôʶ˲ͿЩ飬ȶӶЩ
ǺʶõͨؼҲͨһЩ̲ĵҩڶֵطʶĵҩۣС֡
֮ܳǰԵĸֱͷȴһƿʶƷҩǬͳ붼ûͿ˼š
ʱͨ͸ˬ֮α֫ٺб澭Ҳܵʶĳӯ
õ¯ӣһȷһǲ񴵵ǰá
Ѫ֮ڵȥ¯¯ӹȻշʱŵǿʯͷҲͷŵ˶
ܳڵħܾûзˣȻǺ£ǰġѰ˼ͷм飬ĥһµҩԱʱ֮衣

ΪθˣɽֵؽĶ֣ܳپͶһ㣬ҲնֻǷֳһʶ
ܳͬĽĺʶҴܣ˭û÷ʵһⲫս
Ҫרĵһ¶Ƕ˹עѰҶԷ㣬ҪԷ״򵹣ȻͶ
Ҳʱùߵײ˺ܾ
˵⣬ϰȻͲٶżӣСƾЦĽ͵˴ſڡ
׸𣬷һ̤ţͱ̵ĺܾײ¼
һݣɢСĳŵסܾôͷײȻͱײһģ
Сƻ飬ۼֽһʹסֱֹۣס˾ͷס
һôһСﱻôײǵͷʹһɻһ˵ıС
ԣûСƾͦ:ͷ·ģ۾ڼ𣿡
С֮ôʢԭһóɽͷû˸ӡǵĹǵǰίϰȻҲ᲻ܲˡǾܾʵ˵ǿѹͷߣ۴ܣҲ򲻹ǡ
С޿֣Լ㣬콱
ܾһɷһ˫ǵۣ˵ʱͽһɺ⿴
СֻһۣĵһһӺȫЩڳ嶯ˡ
ܾȴĻţݺݵһɨɨ䵽ϡ
һ
ı
ʵÿʵôһǰֿͷôʵ˵ײǺ׵ģú˵һա
ûü˵أͱܾһ߬ס󡣺ܾûأһӾǽֱ߬һۡ
͵ؽԼǰ׶:ⷨģ
û˵ֱӴһ⣬Ȼͽ޷ĺܾڵء
⵹ΪΪβǿߵ屾ܣֻҪܵĹȻģػֻһӻػ׺ĿʶԭһֱάŵůҲжϣʱʧȥıֻ裬¶ȼ½Щ
ܾڵأ۵һ죬ӿݵשʯͱҳһӣɲǼ䣬Ŀ⡣
:û²Ҫֶŵģ
ܾΪϴ磬Ǻʱȵطӣ
֮ԻᵽʺƵطΪ˸ѻŪѣûŪһʱ챻ֻɵĳ.󡾫
̣ʱŭ
ȭͷգȴڴǲ֪ôĸ.󡾫ȭ֮䣬ѻͣ˵.󡾫Ҫ
ͷ𣬼֣κʮֵʮǿյͣûƿغãֽԼ˵ϡ
ԭǸӡֻңֱӽԼȫҵ˵ص¡
˲Ϣ֮һֱ±״ֱ̬źܾһɧǰˡ
Ѱ˼ţѲɣҺԼ
Χֲ´ȺбЦܾߣȴҲû÷ӣѻĶֻ֣
Լһص֮ʱѻĵ:֣ҪİҴ
ܾ޵ôأ˿Ҳ˲ñԼ˵ʹǰһץס㵻ЩɵĿ֮£ݻ˶ߵɽ֮ϡ
:
ܾĹݻɽƧطԣǼֱҫ۵ĶеĶ
֮ǰŷ˻ζʱδ۵ĽʹжϣϹӲ򵥣ܿǸɽͷʩ۷
ⲻ֪ܾǺͬʱҲܸߵ֮ýĴţߣǾΪǶһƣĽĽ
ʩ۷ȴǺܾеѻħĶħޡ
ͬʱҲħҰĵħħһʮħɱӡƴƴ̵ʱΪһֻħѰڷȴҪɵħԼλˡ
˷ȷʵûôץֻҪƽζһӡ
ƨǿúãÿ춼װԼǸʲôħһ
ƾʲôĺãǲ꣬аѪծ갹࣬ƽõӣŲӵеġ
İħǰǵļ壬еõﶼǶģ͸Զ޾ڰĵΣʱĲˡ
ҪãֽҪǰͼãһ̵ƽ
һԲӳһŤͫĳ죬ȫĺɫͿʼ
žеСǾ͹һĨЦ¶żİ촽Ϳ˲Ѫ                        
лҪ˵һ¸һ¶һЩ 
һ¿ɡ

 43 

ܾ޵, ͺϧؽŴȥҡ
ָǯһֱĽֱҪ, Ҳ֪ĵĲָĿ죬Ҫ, Իᱻɡ
һԼ͵ɽֵطû߹οǶˣû, Ϲ־ǸԹ޳ġ
Ǿ˹ˣ
ץ
ѲɾΪڼ˳ͻ, ˣ
пܣ룬ô, һŮӴǺ, ǸҪӵĴܲˣ
ʵԩ, ֮٣˭ȶţǽͨˣֻø׽ǲͨĴˡ
£ۿͺ, ָɴ:λ, ۶Ǹ߽׵ޣ屾¶Ҳ˽, ҪöҸǸ
Ǿ֮Ͷ֮:֣֪
ӹòңͷаʮĸͷһ໴ĺӡ
ҾͳֿҲǸͷǡ
Ƥӷϣ촽࣬һֱੲݣֻǸտʼ˵ʲôƣͿƲסˡ
˰һˣԴȻͲתˣֻԴԵġһˣԴͻɿתһͷһ鳵룬ȫû߼
ھ״̬
ܾԼһ룬ŸϽİطͻȥ޲ȴ߶䶼ʹϲȡ
ɽؾǿΪ˵ڴ˲˵˼ҳȥڵǸ
ûⶪ
һͻͷݵһһӾͽ
ԴҲЩ죬Щûڡ
˵Щʲôؾ˵ˣ汻Ӿݱڿڶأ˶ǣԶûУͬģ
ں֮УһɿݵҶɳɳ죬ʵ羰£ֻŶе
ĵοӣľŸӦԶܾҲûϻسһƣ˼˾һͷ˽ȥ
סͷű۵һٻͷѱȻһƬڡ
ͦã˵Ŵṹ˿ⶼ©ͰϿһ⴦ȫʩ˽磬γһȫܱյĿռ䡣
ںڰİĻоǻһֿ־壬һδ֪Ŀ־壬ڻ䣬ѪҺ¶ȽֽͣŶˡ
¡
һƨԵϣͷŵòС
ҲûŶãǺϹҪܹԼ벻ס
Ծ͵붨רעת
ʶӯ͵СЩžѭʱƤϾ͹һ㵭֣ʮϸܣȫ˺Ŀ
дϲ;½ůֽҲָ֪
޲ʣȳһ־ȥ̽һĻʶųһƬڰл̽
κλ̫ڣȫΧʲôǾֻäǰȥȥܡ
侲ұǺܾʱõģľһ徻Ӷܿտ
ǳߵһ飬оͶӵĽṹһ˽⣬̶ȥϸڡ
ľ̾͵ĵ¶ܿգûй裬ȴŲɴᣣһ̨ܣʶ̽ȥһС
ϰֻԲ̣Ӧմɣж̽̽һһţʪʪģƹĴСӦĳˮ
£ⶬʱڣиʲôˮ
Ҳû⣬̽̽ľһӲܳغʵʲ齡ϣ֮ϣһů׵̺ӴоӦ޵ġ
͸㲻ˣþ⴦ӦõľңѲɲǣſҲ̫˰ɣ
ʶ˼ֻĲϣĳֳУһ̽̽ĳȣƺ˵¡
£
ˣ
ͷһջʶۣǴȻյơ
ǵƲʲôʣͨ͸ǳװżɫǹ⣬߲ǿһֱںڰ״̬Ӧ˺һ
ʱͿӨӨ׹֮£һǫ̃ӣ̨Ӹղʱһߣš
ȷʵǸˡɫͷİ׹ӳʮֲҰף۾ȴǳģһϮ£ݣǰҹѪ
ѪѺܿɣԣ.¶Ƥͺܶ࣬Ұ׵Ƥ֮Ѳ˺ɫľԵʮֹ졣
˼㡪
һֱһֱûиܵȷʵȫʶץԼ
Ѳɡĸģ
ҪҪˣ֪ǲ׷ŹҪԼڶ뱻ǿû˵ȥˡ
ʱܣʱ͸ܹ硣
ܴӵģָһٷһôڵΪȫǳġ
Ҫľһʱ䣬ָ
ʱеСˣžӦðѵҩȫˣ
Ϳޣһ˫ǳɫͫӳǰ׹⣬ҹĻ˸ӡһЦ:Ǻǣ֪λǰΪ°
޾ɢɢϣƶûһ£ǰлһѣ׼ڣƤ
һƬӰ˵ʱʺĴϻմŵˮ:
Щʲô׳⣬Ҿ˵Ҳǣ
㻹˵ץˣٰҷˣ
΢Цŵ˵ͷһЦʮִݣƣԵܳе
޾̽ĺ⡣
˿̣һֻѪǹŴЦʱ򣬳沿ֱֽļ⣬ڲǺĵƹӰ£˶ɢһڷɵаϢƵԾ¡
Цգ:Ϻ壿
Ϊ⴦
.ԭҲ߯Щ

Ƿʲôͷ湻ġ
:ôǶ񶾺ĸİ궿ˣһˣ
ܻңʾȵסЦݾ:ҲǱѰ壬Ϊ⣬ѻԭ˶
ǹŪ飬ʵڸ
NɪҸ㣬Һģһ۾ܿݣҿɲô۸
˭֪ѻһ⻰Ц˲佩Ӳк˸ıͷ˲ƣǿʲô
һѰ˼˳Ǳĳ֮嵽ˣֵ:ѻ֡ϣĻû³ڣ͸ܵһǿҵ岻ܿƵĳ޷ɳ۶ȥһ룬ͱס˲ӡ
:ѵǴ˵еװĿ죿
壬
һųϵĺɫ羹ŵģңĿ죡
ץĲӣȥ¶ȹ̣ѪҺڷʮֵסСָһۣš°͡һСָͱˣ͸ûʹһĲӡ
ᣬǲ˷ܼĶˣûʹǻѧŶˣ磬ѧͲÿѧԽ͵ġ
ڷڷ塣ȴǷͼ壬츳£Թ񶼱Ʋû뵽գⲻ۵ģһ־ˣҲڷһѻ
ޣǰ㱰϶˵ƾʲôǺڷһᲢۣ
޾ͿǰСҪҲһСָͷ¶ǴΪأƺϷأˣҪôЦ
ôһ룬ѹеŭ⣬Ҳƽ
ɿлϡ
ֳŲЦ:Ͳ˽⡭ô
ող㱻ڻһܳ٣񾭵ʱͽ
üһۡ뵽ˮ壬ûͬ׽ԭҲδдĸͬ֡
˷ܳ١
Ѳɡ
ħ壿ܳģ
Ϊʲô˽ʲô
ʲô˼һ˺ܳ١
ЦЦü:Ѿ˼һˣΪ˽ѣ
ѡѿڶʱʱһ飬Ҳû뵽ȻôȻľ˵˿ڡ
޷Ƥ:ѣ
ǣ
˽
:Ȼ˽⣬κ˶Ҫ˽⡣
žЦ޳Ĳ͹ǳǳᣬ鲼ŵͿ
ǰ׳գҾ㿴һ˽Ǹˡ
ҪھܾȴǴӻһиֳһѹֵһ磬ǽߣɫŨҡ
๣һѾĳʶʶ˾С
ס֪Լβ׶ΣƿھȻ˼һѾͽʶĳˣ
˲ʶԣǰѻĶ֡
һ룬Ƕѻ˿:ҲҪ˽Ĺȥ
ȴһζʳָѹסѪıꡱһУʶһ˲ߡ
ʱ״̬ڿСܲµǺѻľ磬ھУҲǺѻļ֮С
ʱҲûע⵽Լճصħ繬֮ڣֻ̧ͷ죬һúѻȥ
̧ͷĳȴ˸еѹֵ筺ɫԼ˿˿Ƶĺɫ⣬ʲôûˡ
֮ʱͻȻһ޾ͶȥĶ䡣
Żع˭ҵĺôǿôܺĶͻƮ·ǴǽԺӡ
ɰӤһƬƬѹѹʹ·ǴԺӣ롣
ٳ壬Ҫӡ
ɻ󲻽⣬һͷ˺֮¡
ں֣ʮŮУæµ֮ɫģͱ봦֮ϣһѪɫŮӶȥע
ŮݾȣʱǴǸӣˮմʪƯϣ.¶Ƥͳֳ۶ƬƬķۺ졣
һϸˣбŰǣǸСޡ
С޸ͷСɤȴһֱŸ캿ôС壬Ҳ
Ů˻ָͼϸ֣ϸЦľͰѺӱŮ˿˵:ϲˡ
ȻĻûü˵Ů˾ӣϸÿ˫־Ͷк䣬˲ʱͽкֹס˿䡣
Ҳ֪ģؿһ׹ʹȥֹȴȫԼֻһƾʶǻ
ŮüǺ⣬·µĺĳС
ֻ죬üĺһˡǸҹҹŵˡ
ѲŮ⺢ӣӤܳ٣
ͨ͸һ㣬һӾ͸СɵͯжǶǱ֣ټʵʵԲܹ鲻ʵС
ڣͯʵ̯ȥĿܹĥѡ
ֻͷܳغܳأмҪ˽ȫֺԼܲ
ϾֻոһĻĺʹʹ
˿̵ȫѻҪʲôˣһ࣬ȫעӤܳϡ
ǸڵеСӤ
ţǣ
Ҳǣ˱Ͼġ
ϸһ˽ţһŷˣһ߽Ӵа룬ղŶһԴ͵СŮҲףмеģԭضŵģǰæġ
Ҳ˺ģ˫˺þãϸ˸ʤһСܳٴħצ˳
˿ͼ󳨶ײһ׳ʵӰ
ɫ̽˵Ĺۣͷڣĵܳϵˡ
˽ͽڻУСĺǻŻڼеħŮһʱϢ
ϸ˾ͰѺӱ˵˿ܾ״̫ãղŻҪӡ
Ȼ˾ᷳƳһۺӣʮֲͷػ֣ʾϸ˴źӸϽȥ˲Ը⿴һٰŷ˵ۡ
:ģôģ
ôлõϢǡħ֮Զܳٲ̣ܳߣǶǱƲѡΪѪǣħأӰħ磬ΪħǧǧԲʹĥԼĶӡ
ȴ룬ȴ룬ӵһ۾Ͳϧûӣ

 44 

ܳٱϸ˴˳ȥ, ˾Сص૵Ǹ, Ǹιҩ
ý˵ĻȫȻУϸһ, ԭģ˽ͨ͸
˵ǣս䣬ͳ嵽ħս񱨳𡣶˵Ϳ, , ܾҪȥսһͬ
ȷʵֹۣһؾ, ͱĶĵļɢ
ʱһħ;, Ǻľ˰Ѫ, űס
Ǳˣһȴĳס
ħħ͵ϮͶǿǲ֮£, ǻ, ֻǸȴڡ
İҪȫȫռ, ҹֻһϯ֮ء
ԵսˣĻᣬ;Ṽ
ȷʵǰһ͸
ܽܣֻ֪ˣͶסַ飬Ҳʬ⣬
ѰħȻʹȸһһ̲Լƿ֮УСĽֺãеİ
һ֮ȴű΢̬ȥ²һƳ
񲻰ֱ֮ǡİǣԼûϵĻš
ƫƫŪˣĹ⡣Ȼϲʹ
ħ𿴲ʹ࣬Ǿ뵽̥ķӣɶ̥Υ£Ľ
֪˺״ܲˡ
ңĺӡ
ӣ޷˭Ĺ⡣
һյĹ񽥽Իʶһö˵Ե⣬ͬ˻ʱ졣
ħ£հҡƫƫܳٽ֮ǰħǰȥ쿴һӣʹʹʱ
ж಻ۣͶܳжĮҡ
ֻᡣܳ޹ģһ֪磬Ķġ
ħǰһ˫նûٶ࿴غԺǽ䵽ܳڵǴ
ӤܳپʢǺһ·ɤӶˣֻ
ʱħžŨƾۼѹѹڹͷ͸һ˿⡣
ֻžͽ˾ơ
ʱһźŮС˵˻:ƽ￴ŷɲǿʢ𴿵ĻǺ
һŮһ:ϵ£飬ЩպĪҪ˵ˡ
СŮ죬޾:ôҶ˵
˼Ҷ˵ħϣǹҿõĺôضħ
Ůͷۺݺݽһ:ӿڳҹĵľĪҪ졣
Ůסͣҿ˿̲ס:ʮʮˣǸء
ûôǣϾ˾żʣֻҪ첻ס˵죬ȰԾͷⲻסֱǣͽ˵С
һȥˣ⴦ͦƫֺڳһƬȴһ̤һŨ
СܳѾӴӵȡ˿Уڵһ
ܺ߯ƮǰϿտ
һͿ˲ͬ˵ĺӽʱȻģƤֺ壬ģС
Сܳٲװ׾ģüëǳۿ޵ķۺ죬ССͷ۷۵һС硣
Ƶһִָڴʱȫ͸״
:
֣ϸת:ʲôأأأ㲻ܹܣˡ
ϸҲöţ˫ֲĻţһ˫ۣŵţ
˳ȥһںصԺűƿһŲͱħ̼˽
һŮˣķŻո£ֻһȴЩĲ԰ס
ϸǰӭץס־ͽǣ˵С
ȼֹػ:ͷ䣿
˾ҡҡͷ:붬úʵЩס
ϸ˾͵˵ͷŵ:ħĵؽ磬⴦ضڲָ
Ӧ߾Ͷܳ٣ӿ޵ңĿ˲:ңȥ𡣡
ϸˡšͽǣ˹ȥʱǶСŮԵ:ϣλֵŮ
˽˵ҪҸ裬ֱ׹ŮɲǸòô
һŮֳ˳:㲻Ҫٺ˵ˣҪѰ壬Ůǻ壬кβɣ
ž͸ȥϧĿܳ٣ǽĸףԺӶһֱԵϸ:Ƕģ
ϸ˾Щʹĵĵ˵ͷ:࣬ҪǿţҪˡ
ͬǵ¶гħħǶжţ˾ûʣĽСܳ𣬱ڻУ⿪۾Ҫιˮ
ţһȻʲôһá
ܳٲܳκմĶ⸾һͲǷˣˮȻԣģ
͵ֱۣСıۣܵ˱š
һĻҲܿȥˣͽ۵ĸζ޲ȥǰСܳȥʹࡣ
ħˡ
ܳСڣҪɴ
һ˲ڰХˮɽħһңħѲԱѷµҽ̳ԣĨ̶ʣ
ħɷ˵ŭɱˡ
ǼȵĻҡ
գ£ڣħѰ˶Բߡ
ѰһƽӿռѹԵĶ䣬µӤܳٹ˽ȥ
ǹڵеģһ弫使Ч΢ÿÿܳħʱħضҪһѡ
ħŽܳٹڡڤ֮Ǵħ磬зӡġ
ܳپͱڤ֮ħִֻܳ٣ԸһҪκζҴȥ
Ȼջ˵ЧԴܳڤ֮ħѾࡣ
ǽģţǾ֮ңʹ࣬ڰʹĵĳ
ʹ࣬ʲôˡֻܿţʲôҲˣ
ħɱ޹Ů־ͽеĺݶתƵ˸޹ܳϡ
ħιԶ»ֻĮĿʱˣ֪ħ˿Ҳ
ʹޣһ³ϸ۵ļϡʹȴʲôҲˡǲ֪µȥֵġ
Сһӣϸ۵Ƥһ¾ʹȥһ⣬Ѫ˲ӿ˳Ѫģ⿪ۻ˹ȥҲˡ
־޵عһ˶档
Ѫһأħҹٵʱ򣬾ǻھ֮Ķ
Сܳˣͨ£һڵͫʾһˮһǣɪɪ
ۿɬһֱֵһʹһ
ʱܳٻСෲһӡǼݵģ¶ǹͷԵһͷ˶ޱȡ
÷Ҳˡǻ޵ģǺͲˡ
ͻްȫ޹ɭľڣҲϢֺ
ʱͻȻ˹ȥǺѻ²ʣΪ˲ʱ䣬ֱӽʮ
֮ٴʱУʱܳѾСģˡӻް沿Ҳ˵ʱǴһ⡣
һ֪ʲôҲˡ
ĿܾǺѻĻˣ߽:㣡
ǹ
Ƕħ֮ӣ
һ͸ħѣ


Ϊʲôƫƫ
Ϊʲô޹ŮȴҪ
־ͻޡӽ֮ǰĺˣ֮ǰһϴ˿ȴ˼ʵ̣һӳٰܴܳ
һܳǰ֪ͽͣЩʲô
һӳ̧ܳ־ͽǱץסȫУ̴СƣȴƲֻۣһ£ǱӲڸ첲ϣһһѪۣһƽ֡
ȫڵģȴƶȫκ:ʲô
ֻһСӣȴޱȵǿơжޣһޱ޳ϣÿһ¶һƬ⣬ѪһƤҰס
֪˶ãֱֱһ̲⣬ԪǰƮסһ߬顣
ѾĲӣжѪζûһ½ţСܳپͻ˴ɽԭΣٻΪʱϾͶһѡ
һСӣãӦþԭë
Сӣڽһɾĵط£ֵ壬:ʲô
Ϊʲô˶ҡ
ҡ
޲ȥ
ҵʲô
ʲô֪
ҳţȴ޺ʲôû
޺ˡ
ΪʲôϷŹң
һжѡģжҪеΪʲô
ۿᣬֳۣҪ
ܿͺˡ
Ȼ֮زܼ̫ж񿿵ľǶʲôʱ
ʱͳˣܳٻܳٲԲ˫ֳŵأվߵм䣬̲⣬ţͽ˳ȥ
ԭĶǺŵһ㣬㿴ҿ㣬Ψ˭ǰ̳ԣƣһѶҩ
СܳپͳƵЦˣȺ:Ҫô
԰
͵ˣΪʲôԣ
̶ӵϡ
ܿͽһ̲˸ɾ
ܳپЦˣЦˣ󳨿ţǷӵȴһѻ˸ɾ
ЩˣãȻؿ˿ͷһƬĺڡţ˽
룬Ϊʲôӣĺۣ·ֻϲŻһЩ

ٴֲ֪ǼպˣֳܳЩҲˡ
ʱڤ֮һˣθߴħ
Ĳ״Ŀ㵣һʲôûϵݣȻְڳһϸ׵̬:ô
ǽչ𣿡
ܳپͰԴ
أ
ܳپͿ˿:ˡ
ôģ
ҳˡ
ħͿЩʲôֻһ̣ͽûܳС
һ߳
ܳپͬһżޣͶϴ裬ַĻ£һҪκζͱ͵硣

 45 

ܳһֱǱħ, ǱȥˮУǳĬ, ϵıҲһֱģƶԴû˿
ǿˣ͵, ħϴʱһֱϵġ
񲻸ӣǺͯڿ, ֪ĸ, ǵͬѪ
ھǸӶѵõǽӴ̫ûеõˣ͵ſ, ˻ΰ
кӲԸĸĹذӵأ
Ĳ, , ʱΪĸ׽˰ɣԲŻ¶۵
ܳһֱһĺӣʱħһϸĸһ, , ôҲһԭ˺
ûУûеǸ, Ҳ˿ΪԼܳкβףܳܵĿѶӦõһ
ʰɾʹһ·ҡֱ硣
ȻͽܳУܳٲ⿴һԣ뿪ˡ
粻ħǰѹ֡ɫŨޣһжܵšŵİǽµߣ̧ͷ˿ң񹬡
һֻۣ֪磬ܳħɵʱŲӰ쵽ħ硣
ܳվУŨŨڲסӡħʰĸɸɾģϴ˼īɫСӣͷ룬һСͱĵļ𪡣ֻȴǳݣȫƲ͸еӤʣ沿Ե˵ʶ
ľ͸ʹˣܿһ˫ڵʧȴһǿ̬Ϊ֪Ҳκιע
Ʈȥļ磬ߣ˵:£Ժһġ
ܳһԲֻһΪ״̬Ǹܲ¶ȵģǣǱˡ
ܳٲ⴦ɵվ˶ãֱԶһȺЦֵĺֱֱͯĶǿɫ䣬ܳ
Ҳȥ
磬ȺȻɺǶͬܳٲСɸЦĴ⣬ƴûκηһ
һ;ԼܺЦȷʵûзգǸ֮ӣ߱һﲻ츳
ǾƣǴ覣ǰ;޵ġ
һǣ͸Сܳˡǲǲʲôģħעߣһŭǣħ츳еκ˶Ҫߣڣȴ׵ģ
Ҫˣ޲úݺħţٰصǱУܳʩӵһĥѣҪһһ
ʱСܳսȭͷϸݵָǱ߬ÿ죬ЩƺͯĲ:ƾʲôѹúܵͣϸ
ƾʲôģ
һΪֻжޡ⺿ÿ˵һʶѹ:ǣΪʲôĻЦ
ˣʲôֵûЦģһԼо͸һ˿Ի
Ϳã񣬾ԼĿҪסˡ
ѹ츳ħΪ֮ԻħѣΪ츳
ǣޣǣΪܳʹ࣬ħܸܵʹ࣬Ϊ׵ȴܣ
ܳٲֵûЦΪֻһ֮УʲôûУֻͶ
ɫˣվͱüȴּ͸СƵ죬϶ͷͷȴǲƯɫϼ
ܳվˣͶʯ̨ϣ£˵:źӵ
֣ȴͷֱᡣѰķ羰һδġ֪ɫʰ쵣ˣƶ
Ǵͯȴڲ֪ƣԾӦ֮ϷȴһӣͻȻָܳ⴦ͯͯ˵:˭ô
һϼȹСͿ˹Ҳɻ:Ŷûмء
ʼСкȺͷܳٲŨȤҲˣֱһͷ˹
½½ģһȺСӾͶΧ˹ܳǰΧ˸ʵ
СкƯʵƯȫص㣬ϾɸƯܳ:˭ôû㣿
Сѵ:ۣúѽ
ѽѽѲǱĵܵܣ
ȺʹһӸһȡ˳Ⱦİָɾɾָǵ˫ִûմȾѪ
СܳٿǱü岻ȻĽ
ɺӵģͷСкһĺ˵⣬ܳ١
֪ⱾС˵ܳͬĸ츸ĸ磬одò߷ֵ񣬼Ȼ߷֣ȻԶ׼߷֡
趨û˸۸ԡʹжϣܳٴ˷۸
ȻͷСкûжܳٷѣһӣȻǱܳپܾˡ
˼ΣܳһԲľܾǶǺӣԶ̣ȤҲͲٴܳ١
һѷһѷߣŻŵ⴦ͻȻּžܳٻǿǣֻĿⲻǰˡ
Ǹղ̫Сǣֻ֨һµԺžͱ
ܳٻһȥͼһϮµС̺ЦͿ˿:ϣ˭ҵСӣôȥ棿
ܳپͻعͷǳģǺģƵһŵգգۣѿڶ:
һƳͿܳеƣԵʶŤͷ溰˾ʲôܳپͱ˽ȥ
ⶼýͣһܳǾ֣һƣǾʮ֡
ǹ񹬵Сˣ˸˵ܵܡ
ʱһֱھӪѵܳپƽƽ񹬴˺üգֱһܳ٣һҲС飬ͱ𺳵ˡ
˰գûܳ٣Żûأӻ˾Ӫ
ʵждֻ˵Ǹӵģǻϲһ룬ŭһġ
ϲһˣеܵˡŭǲεĸףȻʼʩһˡ
ܳپסĲǺܺãΪձĶӣСǶΪ˲ϲӣҲͿʼˡ
̶ֳȵܳٲУʶֺοƮƮ۲ģ
ȺӸԻؼңǰײܵ¶ͬǸĸ˵ˡ
Ⱥǿɲƺǰ㵥һ;²ԣǾͿʼֵ飬һɲˣڳħһ׮׮š
ֵ֪ܳپħһħѣǶһССͯΪ꣬ˮޣŹ£ǵĺӣܳħܽӽẦӽˡ
Ǿ˵ĻΪɢŲ΢ι硣

һٴȴԼڵĲǸѾϤ˵񹬣һûĵؽ硣
紦Ư⴦Ҳ⡣
һɽȺɺڷɣżһֻ䵽ɽЪšˮнΣǰ㫵ػζš
ͻȻڼĸߴļɽ󷢳޴ˮĽβ෴ȥ
òԣʹ˼ɽͼ֮ǰȺܳĺӣӵܳ١
ǵĻﲻνɣֱɵģ
ܳٺϰһУһֻģҲǸȺ˭ΪҪߡ
ͷĺӽٰܳڼɽϣ֪Ѫ½û׵ˮУ򦣬ݶ:ôȥ
Ҿеɱǣ
˵ˣһںһҲûţȭߣںͷֱ򲻴򣬾ͼ
ǷйҲѾȥԼĹǰѲ֪ܳٶˮУſʼҲڹøɾ
ܳСˮУһƬƬĺƮԶۣرۡ
޵þҪˣסǼӵģгһգضǺù
ʱֹãܳپһɽ·ߡ
ȴù·һܺӣһҪŮΪףǶҿֻǸԶԶڶڽһΪǰ಻Ķͬ಻ϡ
ȥǣ޼£ʲôˣҲֻ֪ôСĺӣôôô޼ɵȥ˺һӣûоò𣿻һֱԼǶԵģǾԼе
Ƕ˶һɢ
ܳߣͱŮס·һᰡ
֪֮ǰЩܳڣһˡ
ϣԸһ㣬׵еĺӶ۸źá

ƽļգһֱھӪѵϾδսǿʻǺбҪġ
ܳپʼһȺܺӣӲ㣬ǸϽ֣˺ÿһ
񹬺һ֣ƽʱע⵽һСܳپÿնΪͽ٣ֻüվͳͷĺӿĵҩõΪ
ǲ֣ԼԼ֪ˡ֣ܶΪһˣ˵ǣʲôûҲʲô
Ϥúܣڶ칬֮ʱܳٵǴΡ
һжʱģֻǴӵһӽǱ˵ӽǣԼûȤֻһضܳٿ
ܿ͸ϸڣһ¶СѽһдҪСк
ᱻ˵һ򶯡ҲûʲôǱֳ˺նԼʰĺܸɾɺӱߵȴֻΪһ䡰ѽȥԶ֪ܳԶģɾΪܲϲݣȥԶ
ҲĽᣬֻԼʱͿûоӾѿڶһЩϻ

ʱһξ˺ܶպһ̣ܳپͷˡ
ǰ۸ʼһܺӡǸͷкһȣһȭͷ̵ܳϣȴûУǱܳһ߬סȭͷӲֹ߬ǡ
СͲۣοĺӣʹӿȥˣһӵϣȴܳһһŵ
ǹڵϣһšŨŨ֮£һصĺȵѪģܳپ:£𣿡
Դ:ұǿеĻǿ϶ˡ
˵ͷкԴһѻ˸ɾ
ٺӾֻˡܺǲһĨʣȺȻưոݣǾҪܳ٣ǵĺӳҲ
ɱⲻãܳ٣Ѽһһ׮׮֤ݣ֤ۺʱεضȶ֡ǳӪѵ۸ĵܵܣһͽ˼Ϊܳ
űڴҲֻա
ֻǣܳپˡ

 46 

ܳٵ, , ıˣҲʹࡣ
ÿһħɵʱĺ󱳣Ҳÿһ¶ҹ˯, ȥһʮ꣬ҪһˣٻعʱȴŹȥ˰ӡ
, ǰʵ硪ڿտķ, İĵƹ⣬ǰһСҰ׵񻰵С, ִ̧˴۽, һαˮָ, עһ顣
ãԾ޷ܳٵȻֱͬһ̣Ҫ, 
ʱ, ۸ǽеľѪۣССһ
һָ̣ǿ, ˿쾭еʹ֮ǰйʱᣬȴҲۡ
֪˿ǲʹ෴ĺʹʹʹоʹϸѰ
Ǳȫ̱ڵϣ˫ȻĴ䣬ȴϵĶ֣ȥ
ȴ顣
ɢһص顣
İ׵ĵƹ·貵Ĺ󣬵׺Ƶȹ֮ϣ׺ڵľذϣǽǿյ˹
:ôоԼͻȻˣ
ϽֵǮ⣬ɲҶ
ţʱʱһһŽʮϸһ©ˡ
޾ü֮価죬ᣬʧǣ֪ʲôƼˡ
ܳ٣а಻Ĺȥ˫մѪڰŤ꣬ǲֵñġ
С˵Ļں޵ˮõ˵͸֪࣬Ųݵ޺ܵɱΣǱңкϷˡ
ſڵϼֻ棬Ȳڴĵ:ҿˡ
裬һ߬飬˫ֲڻУٳǬͽȫװǬС
:ǣүôһ㼸飿
һ׶ŻȥޣһС͸ſ޹ķۺ죬ۿӺ滨ˮͺǿ:ҵġ
ȴ޹
޾һüһ:ħ㶫
һ֣жʱӴǬ뻳УȫңƴҲҪػġǶˣܳħʱûһ㷨ˡ
һ;ԼܵĪ裬˵ĸ߹󣬿Ҳĵķˡңûʲô벻ۣ
һ˫Ͱ˰ǻع:Ҷˡ
ȥɡ
ģһС
ҵĶְɣƭߣӦ顣ڱصãһʧܵĸʱŮ˶ҪģҪɿȥܳ٣ҲƺϷ
Ǵܳٵ汩¶ݻ⽨ڻеá
һ뵽˾ô̼ء
ͿСššááӦţɳʵĽǬ˺ãһӡһ룬ּһ
:Ӷǵ㶫
ڲסһСƻɿ:Ǹ֮ˣǸŪƭӡ
Ҳˣðϲɱ¾Ҳᰮ㡣
ֻƭ㡣
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˵ؿһ˫ɺͫ˸żĹâѪʣԵ鲻Ǻƽ
ͲС￴Ѫȵĳ᲻£ǵŻ¶пܡ
ͲˣʵǸ㲻ѻҪˣ˵ʲô⣿
²Ǹ񾭲ɣ
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һ佫ٵԼǰһסĲӣҪ:˭ѻ
ͲŲæĿ֪ʵ֪:֪Ǹʲô
޾⻰ŤɵҲûıŤʹ󷢴ȱĸ:Ǻڷһ塣
һӾֱˡ
ģڷ
ԭǸڻСɣȫΨһһû鰮һھҵҵĸҵȴڻܳһָͷСڻҡ
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޲һ㶵Ϊεһ㶣Щ⣬ɿȴһۣͼУȻ͸һӱ
ˣҲںƺϷҪ
ôһ룬ͳӵĽ磬һ˲ӿ룬̵ۡ
Ѱ˼Լ˳ҪˣϾܳٶԣСڷΨһķɣɲ
֣ΪŮץĥŰʣһʱΪܳپͼʱϵ˵һͨƨȻɱɣȳ
ԴŮ鼫£з𵽵þǡȫԼŮ
ˡĵ¿϶ðŰˡûˡ
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:ǣ磬˵ɶأ֪ʲôݣ
û
˵ʶϵĳҲԣȵĶԵúţ߹Ѫһ
ü:ôˣ
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֮ǹѪŰġ
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:ߣ
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ѿڶ:ץһ˸ǣ᲻ﰡҽ㰡ôңңȻˣܹʹĪһǸأ
ȴüͷòãǲ̫ˣȫԸܳ٣˺жԸˣ
޾:㲻Ըߣ
ͱʵ£԰߰ζأôô·أ
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ֵ:㣿
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ٻͷʱֹסһȻûʲôĥҲһֻѵĴ̼С
ȴһҲˣֻⷴ˼ҲѰ˼ɶأѲǾԼץˣ
ֻһ£˸سɴľˡ
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ܳʤһĽѹ£ǯ˫ۣͽ
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Ľּأȭȭ⣬ͷϣһһӡɾ֪һʤĹâֳ:ҵġ
䡣
ĽȻȫѹţɲ䣬Ŭͷּ:
ǣĹ
δģ
ˣϺ㣡
ءǼصһȭͷײصܳپһȭͷҵĽ
ĽȻһȭͷĿѣǵҲõ˽ѣȫ˵Լڳ־߬סܳ˦ͷ
ҲûţͬܳŤһ
һܴüңѪģڸɽƽ˺üյСկЩ֣ұ棬ʱΧˮйͨ
һĵСǶǲĺ¶ϲֹּӷֻע˭Ӯ
кķڴۼ·֣棬ֻؼұСܳ١Ѿôһ£ԼһҲ뿪
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Ҫٿˡ
ǲ˺ġ
侲ͿһǺɫۡ
Ѿģܳ٣
һɲ䵽ȦУһߵǰ
һӰѹƤϣֻ̧ۣܳһۣһ˫廨Ь֪ԼľӪˡ
ĽʱҲһ㵣ɿ֡Ȼ֪ܳٲǸˣϾҲǹϲˡ
ôţĮСƨص˼ңͷһȺ۷׷׵Сôһ˵ⲫ˵иʱˣǽһݡ
һ£һҾԺţһ
ɲҳ

ĵһؼȩۣ̈:ͽͣ
ܳĽ˸ԶͷǶûһҿ
͵:£ʲô
ܳپͿͰͿӵģһһ飬ǻһѪۣҲˣǰҧˣͿ:
һøҪ˹ͷһǸֿβ͸ϴ˸Ȧһغ
ͽ˵:㲻֪㷽һ뿪˸֣ͬʲԸָָĽ:Я࿹ȴС
ǲ֪ʩʲô
ɱˡ
Ľôһ˵͵ɴۿһĲš
ǣ鷳˵ѻʱܲܺһҪô̹Ȼ
Ľʹ˸϶ܳپͲǸö
ܳٵģϾʱʵиɻ뵽ǸޣȻĻ¹Ī⣬ȫ²͸
һܳٵˣΪ˹ƽĽҲõһ㣬Ͼ߶ǵˣֻһ֮ʣŤͷĽ:Ľ࣬˵˵
Ľ࿩һ㶣ʶѰܳ٣ܳٱ鵭ģ˿ţҲʮ㡪˵ʵ

ĽȥϿ:عǣܡ
²ţΪΣ֮Уȴ뾹ִδܻڹ࣬
:
ԭ򣬶˶ĬĳĬˣҲû˵ģ˼
ܳٺĽ඼ܹԣһǽڣĽĿбӣվĸһֱܳ٣ͺܲȣʱʱǿС
ۿ࣬ģʮֻ
ǴɨأоͲܿƵܳٵһĻĻһ˲ʹ㣬װͰͶĽһƿҩ:´βܡǱ̨:۸7
Ľ߬ĵҩƿ⿴û:Ȼȥɡ
Ľ£һ:ǣ
˵һͷͷԺǽ
ĽһߣܳٻûӦأͼһ˵С
һǽѹ˿ڣۡ
˵أġ
ԣԺҪֻ˭Сֻˡ
ܳ˿ԼˣͻסսսĴʹˣκҩЧ
һ뵽Щͻ۵ĲУ䣬ҵܳǰ䵽ϣͻһſŵ顣
Ƶ:£ԺҪκ۸㡭
һ۵ġ
ܳΪ˵Ǹղŵ¶͵Ӧ֪ͣġ
Ȼ˵:£Һðð㰡
ãֵñġ
ʲôûõġ
ܳپͲˣ˵ϵ飬һһŹڴʯϣۣȡ
ԤУ֪Щʲô
ǰ಻Ĺȥ
ȻЩˣȴûע⵽΢֣ͷǳɫͫ׵ӳǣһһҧ°͡
һ°°Ͼӡ˵:£㱻ӡ£Ժҵˡ֪ܲ𣿡
ܳһ㶣ǲܿƵع𡪡ͱӡ¡ǲǾ˵ˣ
һСӳɺͫŭһˤӦ飬Ҳĵ˼űʯ
:
:Ůˣʲô۰ӵĺϷأҳһˣ                        
лҪ˵
Բǻ

 47 

ܳٲǷ, ȭͷҳ˲ôҲ˸ɾ˵ָǺܿ, Ҳĺۡ
ܳСûģ˿⣬, ͷɵɵЦɾͰۻˣ뿴ۣһӶ뿴
˱˺þãܳپһĶչֳеơҡ
¶Ⱦ͸Ժ, ˿˿ƵĽˡ, ˵:£㴦˿ڡ
ȻܳһҪ, ս˸첲, :ٱһᡣ
˵ĵѾȵһ̲ˮ, û΢:۵ġ
ܳû֣෴Ļ䱾:ңҾͲˡ
:һͺ˸͸, ûӻ, ܳپֽŵ:ңҾͷſ
˵ž˫Խ, ֻмһȭͷľ룬úùٰܳһŻڵС͵ǰ
۵С˵㣬룬ҲǱ⼸ιģǱĽ༸ȭͷġ
ܳǱ۾͵ģɵ˺þãûеȵůĴ䵽䵽ϣſۣĿȾһ˫ۿл⣬Ͱˡ
ܳٶʱˡ
ˣɿʵʵץ֣˷䡣

ܳٹɵһŵϣͦñֱ˿ڡ
һоܲʵͿ˿Ϥ˵һСݣСȴɾڷźٵļҾߣȴԵܰʲôǳɶԵģһ
չһݵӰʹչߵǰָͷ̧°͡棬Ž׵ϸز
Ǵӷ߿ʼķƽÿԵһͷֱһ߲ŻһĴţϸ:ʹʹŶ
չһµĴһû취ʱ·𵥵ǿϨеĸֻʣ
ʪĴػţܳپͻȻʱ򡣴ǸʱʼģĿԴǾͺǷյһʹʮ꣬ûо
ܳһ뵽оһ˲ͣ鲻Խͱס֫˫һȵһ˾͵С
ϡ
Ϲ̵¶Ⱦ͸ϴ˹ȥյͨ졣
ҲţЦ:£
ģƺһݵζʹԼﰴŲݺӵİԵ:ԶԶ뿪ҡֻҡ
ȴǼġǴĽ﷢ۣҲ˳Ʊʹյ࣬˵:Զġ
ֻġ
Һܰ㰡
ԶԶ㡣
˿̵飬ڲڣȫ˵
һѰ˼ͨĸף֮ıȻǡ
ƿԴЩ࣬ᣬһᣬ߾ƣƵ촽ϡ
Ĵκܺÿɫ죬źӣӦҲ
ûסеۣͽԼĴȥ
Ȼĳȵģζġ
һѵˮһȥûӹǣⷽ澭Ϊ㡣
ҲɿͬʱܳپѹԴְĴѹ˻
ܳٵһ̣ﶯͽȼվˡеǶһǱ̳¶ǣͱܵľѰĴ
֪һ㲢Ҫĸ࣬ܶܶࡣ
˶ʦͨͺסĴ
ȹ̣·ȲҲ飬෴ȴǼİԵԱ˺
ص䣬ȵĻӦһĴǿյģȴġ
룬ֻҪҪֻУûʲôǲܸġ
ܳٵı۰Ϳʼһһ罫ѹĺҪѪָоҪȫȫڣΪһĸо
Χ¶ȿʼߣܳپͱú̺̣Ƥȫպˣȴ˿ûио
ȴһӾ͸ܵ˲ԾҪ˵¶ȾԲִʱҲʮֻȣͱסĲӣſۣͿԭ˿ȴˡ
Ǳһ
ʹȫϢѳĲ:£ﲻ
ܳپһ˫ɵˮ⣬°͸ʮ:

Ұ㡣
ĦıЩι˲٣Ǹݵģǹһһڵģֻžͽޱȡ
ͺһĶһߺֱлӴڿϨһ㶡
ɡ
ħַˡ
£
ͺܻңڴĿޣܳȴһԵġҧҧߵ⣬ŬҪά˼ѣֻкѣװʹӣֻŲ
һأܳܲסʹ࣬Ҳڵϣʹرǣȴ˵Լû¡
ĶʱըˣȥѾû£ûô۰
Ϊĸоϯָо͸ܵΡ
ôأôôΪأǰʹ˰ʲôҲˡ
һʲôġ
ҪĲĩԼͷѪһЩ߰޹ؽҪں
ǹؼһа취ģ
ʱ˼ͱúܲңڵϵܳ٣ʹȴŬҪοһ˲䱻˺ˣͬʱҲָȡһͷѪ
ιĿС
ǰȵĻͬһɡ
콥ˡ
ܳҲһСĲҰףֻüͷȴչ࣬˯պ񾲣ȴҲܴ·һҪۡ
ɫʱ׵ˣɫǳЩһγʱ䷴ɺƹȥˣҲͰġ
ߣ̲סˣ͸ȥüģ͡žડһѣһ飬ȥ
̧ͷһ䣬һΣܳȴſ۾ˮУûٻ顣
͸ɬһЦûйİοͣ˾ƽ࿴á

ܳپ޳ܵĻһ׹֣ʱʱ̶̿ǣɰĲС
Է˸ˣÿζǵû;ͷܴѰ˼ţҪǰһӾŵ棬Ǿ޵ˡ
ڷڿܳ٣ܳپǺ⣬ֻҪ䵽ϣ֪ľһصǡ
Ҳֹᣬƻͦܡ
ٰܳʵʵڵģõǵõܳء
֮ǰЩ֮ͱúϽȻ;Ӳˣ޲ðһʱɰ˸ʱΪȷʵǺѺѰ
һ죬ƽһֻҪͲƲţܣڣҹʱ̣Ҳεʧܣɹôһض
һԲСɵɫɢҩĵͱյƿС
ܿģΪ˽Լ;Լ˯һҲϣɹͲˡ
һɵϣܳپѵ˻С˯ԺģͽӡĶͷȻüë۾ڰ˯һˡ
ϰ׽ò̾ʱһ˺ƤĶôţʵĻ˯ˡ
ʶʣڿҪ߼뵽һ⡪ܳϵ¶ԽԽˡֺܽˣˡ
ôţһ˯ͼܳٵһ˫۽ţˣ۾䣬Цŵһ:
簲
Ұ㡣
·ÿձ˵ĵĻֻԼһ˲ͱۡδ˵һ¶Ҳһֱ¶µľһֻʣԼÿһʱģԶֻԼ
ڣڰ
ЦˣЦñͷᣬ˾:簲
¡
Ҳܰ㡣
ιҲڸҸˣһֱ
ƽҸгϣ
ܳٲʹϣ֮ϣǵҩ
ù緹ֽԼͷΪᡢͷѪǺۺ۵һ¶ʵȻĸоֱӶһڡ
еۣǱܹܷ֮ܳʹܸܵĸҸ
ܳٲ֪ÿʱ᲼һ磬ӽͷǺѰѡ
ݱŵأܳٵһʶͳײʶһ:ҳˣܿء
ͺȻĻһ:עⰲȫ
Ҳע⵽һ⣬ܳپţһȥʱҲʲôȥˡ
棬˵Ҳʡ˽Ҳң֪һõ״̬һҪ˴˿ռ˽ǽ˨һˣǱ˴˳ɾͣΪõˡ
οҲ¼ɣܳԶᱳ
ţһõ״̬͸аȫеš
ܳҲȷʵˣкҪ飬óأ޲ʱʱ̶̿һأ
ǲ԰һÿһʮ궼һΣÿʱҪʱΪζţǵΪԸһ硣ȻҲΣգʧˣԵľǻҷ
ħ徭þõһϴȻγһ׺ƵӦԷԣǷħ磬¶ȫͬλΣյС¡
Ƕ룬ƶ񤣬ʲôûСҲǵһ費˵Ҫ׼ҲܶܶࡣɹԲʧܡ
ҪľͩľȻһɹһȼյĺõط
ǸطһѡˣڸڵĸɽһʮֿտɽȡԴѷûסǳʵغһžͺܾգҲ±һõط
͸ȥһľˡҪСľģκˣ±˸ʹӣԶľͷԷˣҲֱӵˡÿ춼ĸ
ܳٿƹľͷĨźʱŵŵͻȻһէ֣뵽һ¶һǳҪ¶
ܳգ
ʮʮˣ
СŮ˵ģ
һѰ˼ûȥúʮʮ塣
εøһգûʶ⣬ʲôģһȱ

 48 

ܳǱæȻʱ, ҲûţΪһҵҵڿҿһĸķ, Ľǵܳҵ¶
Ǽ侲ңһڣǽǶһòͨԵ, ̬ϣ˶Եʮήҡ
ԭϷݺ٣ǸΪֳܳٺڻţĹˡͺƬ棬Ҳܲ, 趨, 鶼ûС
žӣеŮڻţɫһƵĺ, ;ԼЩ¶, һһֱûйİС
һ, Ϊ˳ΪħȥΪħһ
֡
ڣ˿¶֮ͺҪȥһЩ顪
磬ҵһŮһ, һ, һֽܳٳԵΪںδ
ʱͿžеŮŮ鶯, Ц档
ȷһ¶ʱ˭ʹֻֻȷʵΨһԣȷΪʲôԡαװı䡢
Լûע⵽һ¶Ŀһֱ׷ܳٵģǺģŮʱԽԽˡ
һ̬͵񣬲ǡעŮһһͿʼܳˣ֪ûʲôֵüʵģǣǸӲˬˡ
Ȼ԰ױ鲼ɫϣĺˣһڡɾѴһ̣ٿȻסˣоͽסŮصǣЩĪɡ
ͶݺݵصһѣӣкŮʱȻĽͷŮϡ
Ůļ𪣬ϸ˿ϸԲһ㣬ܳٸ
ʱоͻúܷ꣬оͻĪֳסʱ򡪡ĽģԣǽģƤĴֺܻ壬ǰû¶һʱ򣬾Īоִбúܲˡ
ͬʱǷ˵Ҳܿڳľ
ԽԽȴеر𣬹ֲܳϲֻȴЩã۲ԴޱҲӦͬһܳŷɥǡ
߾ھŮѲȥˣ׷磬ͺܹȥʲô
Ȼһߣɲ֪Լһֱһ̬͵һһһ뵽Ҫܳ׼գͼĲУһͷŵҩ¯ӣһ͵˼ϡ
ﶼģһͻ裬ûжԾͼһ룬ǹֵĻǰ̯ģһ롣
¶ϲӼ򵥵֣ϡʲڶ϶δŵģҪǱ϶ѡԣʵĴѡ
֮ԱǸܳѡͦ򵥵ˡ
ǡ
ʲôأ
ѣһظкʲôܱ⣿
һ߳һ߹䣬ɵڼȦ֮ûôˡ߰͵ĺܶණÿÿ˼ҵſڣͼ˼ͱˡ
ɪҲһİܾߵ⴦ƫǰͷһӪҵŴţԶԶȥͷĹůɫģоůġ
ͻȻһէ֣ŻһѣʵҲԵÿ⣬оʱ޿̲һ
ôһԼȰԼ۵ĲУе˾ɵġ
룬ﵱůͣӦѬůʯ¶紺ʵģԼԼ˿˿ײȴ
ĲԾۣͷһֱŵļҲ֮滺
ʱĻϰʹӹ̨Цӭشк:ϣƯģСƤ۵ģһˮ
ǵͲ˼ЦЦ
ŮӶԴָ˷Ҳͳӵˣϰ庮䣬ֱ:㣬˵ǿԼµģ
ϰһ£漴˵ͷ:ȻˣСôã֪ô
һ:ڻ𣿲Ҳ̫ᣬɵúúýҡ
ϰһЦʱ¶ɢһЦû֦Ҳ:⻰˵ģ˲˵㰡ҿ϶̡
Сʲôʽ
˵žͲֱ۽ͷ˵:˲ӣƣƯˡ
ָлܺá
̵֪ϲƶͷЩɫƯҲһѣ˿ûðͷȲܵ˺
ϵƯ࣬ʲôɴɴǸƮݣǼõѡ񣬿ôһԺʵ仨ɫȾȥһּϵ筺ɫ
ϰͿѡĲϷ˳ֱԵ:СȷҪѡɫ
ȻŮҪڳսɫһ治ʺء
ɫЩأɲ޵ĵء
ָĦϣȴ
͵˵ͷ˵:㣬ҾҪһңҲԼǡ
Ҫ͸ˡ
ˡ³ʱվͺ͸ˡ
ϰǸµŮһ۾Ϳ͸⺦ߵС漴Ȥ䣬ö䶼͸ˣա
ⲻãûпˣԴ˺ݿʼѡ
ϰҪܳٵ룬͸ȻϰڴȤ˾:ϣСܺôҪҸɵˣ㶼ʡˡ
һ۾Ƴ
ֺ͸Ĭģʵĳӿȵġǰûôãģģ
÷óģǹЧȻߣҲ˿һ·ҲŽȥһʱ
οؿǼڰյĳۣ뵽ܳٴʱģһμˡ
ֻǣһɫۣȴҲԵõŲʲô棬͸ϰ˳ϰû˵ʲôֻԼѡ
˵ڱмɣɶڴίʵǸ⺺Լղٻһӣܱյɫͬһģһ˿ߡ
ڻϰָСһֻ򵥵ɵķˡ
۽ǣܵ͵ܲ۵λһβ
βİء
СĴӣͽǬУ˻ϰ壬̤ӡ
һ˲壬Ͻ˸Щ޿ײĺ磬ͺ󾢶Ƶöһ¡
͸øܳٶˡ־ִĵ⣬ĶƯҲζãֻҪرһ㡣
Щٵسȥ־ͲԾǬһ뵽ܳٴѵӣľͲԾ
˿̺ܺãЦӯӯһ̤ζӣȴǱŶӵǸýס
ûˣ˵Ƕ֪࣬Եǲö
岻󣬵ŶӵСȴ٣ǳһ飬﷢ͷͿʼʹ
ϲվţһ۾ƼԵ㣬һдͨԣƮվС棬ȥŶȥˡ
һԺšʱһ˿̵ĳӣʱһĽ֣ǶʱȴһֵֹĶ㡢һۡһֻЬ
Цãѧõ졣
ʱŤͷȥǳĽֵܳ٣ֻ֣ôһСᣬȴѾǺˣ뱧
ĪЩˣһͷȴԼ಻֪ʱһˡ
ֻ졪
˴˿ŲɢĿһ˫ͫǰɫģƮƮϣȴͷһ
Ѿģѻ
òΪϴξô׵ķں˰ɣ
пܣϾǸɣɶҪ鶼ó
εЦЦ:֣ⲻ
ҲԹ𻨸Ⱑ
޾ĶĿȻȾҪʵ࣬ҲҪÿ࣬ᣬģζ
еܳˡ
Ȼҡҡͷ:ɡ
ԡ
ˡ
:ˣⷴԼǷˣ͸ðץˡ
ַ˳Ǹأʵˣܳȥأ
ˣǸ翹һ°ɣͨŮɡ
ЦЦŴһʺƨã֮˵:ְ֪Ǹˡ
:ǣһСô˵ôأ˭Ǻˣӵ趨ͲǺˣⲻ
˲ͳȥһ˫ȴ:˭Ǻˣ
Ӧ˹:ǣ֣챿˵Ǹ񣡡ӣҲƲˣ˵ǡˡɲǵ
:ҸоﲻԣҲûʲôԵģĬҪ˵ʲôɡ
ͼ:㲻ܰץߡһǻˣǣǹɵ¶
ɲһǴ񣡡
˵ľ¶㣬ܿҼҼµĹȹʹһʮĵ׵ͬ׽ȷԼȫȫǴ˰ȫǵĴ˰
ãҲȥָűͷǾû˵
һ߬ס°ͣţ壬ɭ:˵Ǻá񣡡
򦣬ͱղϣص:磬ֻҪ㲻ץߡʲôԲ˵
޾һ˼ץߣ
Ц£ɿϻǹӻĴУ·ϲ˲䣬ļ̣ǲɾֲ˲
:ǣ磬㻹ңŰأ
ǸоҲ޾Բˣ:Ҳץ㡣
һץ˵ⵣµġ
ץ豭һ衣
޾˵:һ㡣
͵ɴۣһڲˮȫˡ
;
磬˼趨ȫΨһһֻҵûиСڻҷɡðסˣ
ޱһ˵ǹë޵ðǰСѾͷˣûգԼ˸˸ɾ
ڷ:ǣ֣ͱҿЦˡ
޾˵ļ棬Ĳ:ܳСһʱѵõԳ˵㱿׾
žડһˡ
ȵȣʲôСܳСһĵ֪Щʲôô֪ģܳŵʱʱʱ̿̽ŵģΧǿûκ˵ʶڵģ
޾ѹѹԣкɺЦ⣬־ס°͡
ѧܳٵӣ۾Ҫչȥȴһһǯֱж˸첲
ȻһȭֱѣֱӰ˳ȥ
صڶУֻǵĴԴ˿ȫһƬհףֻԼ
ӵűĵط:Ҳ䣡
ȴһ˲񡪡
Ҳ䣿ʲôҲ䣿ֻܳ飬ƾʲô䣿
˵ܳ
ޣôܲܳ٣Ǹ׵Ļܲ
ܣǿעҪõı࣡ҪõһУħκζ
̳ôħΪнգɲ˵Ҳ䣡ġ
޵оȾһֲЦ⣬ؾĢ́ͷ
ͱƵͷ飬ëκһ߯СڻңϷ٣˽Ȼࡣ
ʱܣ׻˵ʮΪϼƣ˸ݣȴƮƮһ絲˻
Ϊ߯ߣʹβҲȫ֡;ԼضҪˡ
СʱҲ˲Ŷˣ̽ͷ̽ԵƺϷ
ͦأϻؾͰһͷܾſء
ҿҲ
һ䣡
Ů͹
:л̧ٹˣ
ֱͦű壬Ʋ·:֣Ǻ⣿
޾ͰۣǹЦ:ħ˵ˣҪ㡣
ŭЦ:
񾭲
ɲŭһ֣СѾͷͲܿƵسȥһѹ˾ûסࡣ
͵:˵ģ㲻ܶң᲻ú
޾ʮֲмЦЦ:ðǾҿһ
˵žǿȵ̧°ͣսȴֻһ룬ֱ۴Ӽ粿նˡ
:˵İɣ϶᲻ú                        
лҪ˵ڷһʲôҪܳ  ȴʲôɣ

 49 

ܳٲҪ, һ, ϵۣĬţקȥ
Ϳ, ŵˮ⣬ֳ䣬ֵ¶ȴ̣Ҫһ㡣
Щºڷ, Ϊ涯, ƲǺڷĶ֣Ī˵ˣͼܳ, Ҳûʤ㡣
, ڿܳٵһ˲Ͱ, СһƲͷһᣬҪޡ
ܳپ:ôڼң
֨ܳپתͷȥޡ
˿šΪûѪԱնȥֻ־ûѪ
෴, ֻϱȴܻԾ, ڵϣƸܵ뱾ˣ, ޵ڡ
Ȼ޵Ĵȣȴ̫˿£ȥһ·ֱϣĿֳ֮˻ȥ
޿ܳٵʱǰδеľһֺܸӣк⣬̰мʣЩ⡣
Լܳٸţ˹վ̬ǰɣֻЦȴа:ɣּˡ
ϵܳ٣˵ǶָܳƣܳٲϵҲ˿ûӡ
ֻǼǰںܾĹȹһصˣûаӡ
ܳپĮĿҲûţͰ͵Լ󣬱š
˭ڡ
:˭㲻ʶӣƾʲôʶӣ
Ҫܾˣ˭
һЩϵѪͻ֮˿ǲȫĺɫѪƤ䶯һޱȹ졢ˡġ
ܳȴһѿ˾:ħ壿
ϵħһ
ͬĶǩԼǰΪͬʱҲܾѪУʳѪ
ڵģͱԵĲˡѪԹˣ̰Ķͻ꣬һԿգͻһʬ⡣
޾;ܳСӿħı£гħƽĸߵǰԼţԼ죬˼˰죬ϳˡħ塱
ħ壡
㶮أ
ҲͲͬһ֮˼ƽνСˡ
͹ЦЦ˾:ǡ
ܳٵҲֱ:Ҫˡ
:ǣ˵ôôҶû˵Ҫ㵹˵ˣ
ϹЦݾȥܳٵҲȥ
ƺסΧСҲһɫ纮ǿѹ֮Ƕѡ˳Ĭʵţʲôļžۣɱ֮
ħħ⣬ʹǱҲڱײг̶ϣϰһء
ҲܵϢѹȣ֪ڵܳȫǶ֣̽˿Դ͵͵ȥޡ
ӡðοҲҪġ
ǣ˼ŭˣҲǣҲûй⻷ˣ˵ֱӱֱӽڷΪɣ
һ͸ˣһʶܳ:£Һ£ǸϽ߰ɡ
ŮɪɪȻ¼ˡ
ܳʲôҲû˵ǣߡ
ȴһڻסһת޾Цų˻ֻ֣ȴ:ټ
һ:
ܳٽеģģ˼գڵͬܳٴˡ
һڷв
˭֪ܸ񾭲ܳϽߣȴܳȴѾѳȥǰһȭͷϡ
޶ѾĻˣҲûʹɭЦЦޱޱǷؿܳ١
ܳؿһƣҪٶ֡Ȼδüֻ־ͱס
ԭʾԼĺؼҡ
ܳپͿ˿ֿ˿ǷޣһᣬǸˡ
˵ıӰʧ⣬һƵһٻ˾ҡ
һƬУͷһֱĶš
Լˣô꣬Ϊ֮ܳʱһŽ
Ŀһֱܴ⡪ĵԪħ
Ϊݷ޷ܵĺڰô꣬գôûס˴أ
ұ¶飬Ʋİ
ʱûע⵽ΪĵΪЧӦıд趨
Ȼһֱǹ˵ڽӴ֮ҲʼӵʻȴɿصС
ͳͨԵžеŮԴ֮ͱˡ
Ѳɡ
ǶԼʲô׹֮Ŀǵ
޲¶֣治򵥣ǣʶĹ죬Ҳڽóѣ
ллܳٲú˴ͩϣ¶ͨ׼ĻЦŲᱻӰ죬ܼܳٵġܿͻħˡ
ʱǸȫ֪Լܲ򵥵ܳǣţ߬ĺоʹˡ
ͱסܳٵĸ첲ʼ:£ղŶҪˣأȫ벻㰡
ܳеȴԽԽ࣬󣬶Ҫűˡŵֻѹŭƽ:ʶ
һһըͷȴǲ֪ԭϣһ˿Խ
־ԼЩͷˣҪô˵أܳ鷳Ǿǳܳİ
ҪʲôڿһĨڣҲϷ̫٣͸¶ϢҲ̫٣
ܹģ۾ᣬҪܳǿ϶ģ
֯ԣССһ:¡
Ҳʶ
ҹΣǳġ
һҪСһ㰡
Ҫ˺ˡ
о͸߿ޣ˵Ϸ٣Ļ߯·ҲͰˣ˽⣬ɾܳһ£ûʲôʵԵ֤ݡ
ܳȴĻץص:Σ
ң
ֵĵͳӴ߬ۡͿʼȥָǣץصòãΣգ
£ۣŪʹˡ
ܳɫʱˣһӺʹð˳˿˿ǣ˼¡
֣ƽ:Ϊʲôң
ʱϵʮİģϤǸŴСȴҲƱˡ֪Ҳʵ
ֿʼˣžžҵϣ飬һ
һΪҪɱҵңҾΪץˣ
û뵽еڶ
һޣܳپţɿͼֱˡ
۵ĲУס:Ժ󶼲׼뿪Һòã
ֻҺòã
Ҫκ˴òã
ܳûаȫУǾԼĺöԼİƭġ
ûʧľԱ
̹ϰһֱ̹ϰı΢֣֪̿Լǰ಻Ĺȥ޷ʵȴ
ͻȻջȥһֻ̣ؿƵţôأܰܰ˰ôͻȻû˰ȫУ
ͷȴ˿ȥֻиһ̡
ֱҹܳв߽֪ԭĲȫһֱĹȥԼûһá
ͻȻԼҲеɵֻ۰ȴһֱûаյȥûĽᡣ
¶ǹ̵ģͲӣҡҡܳ١
ܳ۾һ۴Ƶľŵۡ
͸ܳ٣˽˽һУŲţãõһˣޣۣܡ
ܳһﲻ§һһҵļѡ
ȫ֪İꡢࡢ׶񣬻մѪܿĺð
ô
һʧܰ
һһҪŰ                        
лҪ˵1.еС첹ϰɣ
2.ڿѽ
3.Ȼ⼸Ϊÿ춼ڸʱ£Զûʱлˡ
4.һкöСҪCPҪ𣿾趨ˣҲעǱ簡ֻвûǰûŶʹһ룬ҲŰҹ;úܡ
5.ͣ˵һССɡǡۡԺ ߾ظˣҲȫظر࣬ǻ˵һµģȻظҶҲǻĿģҵĽ鰡뷨ʲôģҲ˼ġ
Ϊ۱Ͼҿĵʱ϶ҲԼ뷨ʱͻкܶ˵ĲͬΪ˼룬ĽǶȲͬԿⰡͬ
ʵҾҲûʲôãҾǻ᲻סȥҵ뷨ԺͲΪҵĽһ㶼ٷҲǴŸ˵ģQAQ
һǰǵQAQ  ұ֤
УԺҿ϶ԽдԽã_ôҪ֮š̫ҲͲˡ

 50 

ܿʱպ, ʮʮߡ
ܳæصҵʱ춼Ѿˡ
ƣһ졣
Ȼصҵʱ, ͿһСϱһǰ, Լʱ˲ǹ⣬ֻƣɨһжϣ
ͳЦЦЦ, ȻһͷС
û, ԴǻһŵҲװȥ
ղ룬˺ܶ, ò, Ľȥ, Ҳûҵ
ͺ˺ڷ֣Ŀһƽ£Ǹˣͺܰˡ
ѾˣҲ͸, һ, ۿ׷ͳ˶ڵİͺܳٹԷ
ܳĵ., ÷ƺţͳԴ۵Сǣ
£æʲôѽȻ֪ദҪ˽ҲҪ̹ϣÿ춼æµӦ֪æʲô
⼸ûкҲ˽ʶ̽ÿÿɽؽ磬ͲӰ߯ء
ܳپͱʵÿһ㶣װ޳ȥв:ûʲô£æˡ㲻Ҫġ
֮ңѰ崥֮ȼˮ壬˺˵ģ
̾һģͰСʣŲࡣ
ܳٱһ㶣
ϣְסؿ:£û𣿡ıȴң㲻£д°
ܳپĲԴһڣ:û¡
Ҫȥһʱ䡣
Ҿͺá
Щˣ첻ʮʮˣ
Ҫȥ
ʱûзӦʮʮ˲һѰʮʮˣܳٵĵһʮʮʮˣǻա
ֻǾ׽ûʲôǲ֪ģҲûʲôǺԼģǾί˵:£㲻ԡ
ֻҪ׽һЩ
ֱӷᣬܳپ;ǵţֻԼͺá
ϧͷ۾ֵͳֺ:Ҳʲô¡
һͺˡ
òã
ٸͣòã
Ĺصһۣתһȥˡ
֪Ҫߣһߵͦ磬ȻԤвãҲԼ
ǳȥһĹ򣬽ȡ˳һƯĶƬΣŵܳٵһ봲˯ˡ
ûܳڵʱͺ䣬䷨ֽŶǱġ
ܳһͿһŵҲЩܣȻ߽ʱֿԼϵǼӣ£ͱ۾˵˵:Ÿģ㲻ڣҲֻǰˡ
ܳٱһ仰˵ᣬ·Ƿʹնòô˿־޴ˡ
һ۾Ϳ۽İβû˵ͽŵһԵĹϣϴĬĬ
оһίҲһۣһԲģܲ˵ġ
Ϊȫˡ
תȴһײУȻӿ죬ĿɾÿοĶѡ
Ͷ£漴һյģ:лл𣿡Щָʹ˴Ǽ:ûеò
̲ܳסˣ߬סָ£ֹѰĴ
ŨҵǻзڣǵþְּԵͺв£Լ͹ĲӣĻӦ
ͽʱʱһĶ䣬ԺҪ˯ʱƵ͹:һ
ͳߡ
ٴʱ磬ͷںһƬְϰԵĲͷȥտҲһģ˺ܾˡ
ȴûĸ뿪ʱʧˣƽڴţļһġ
˯һģ壬ʹܳٲ鲻ĺãҲһҪĺúõģʱһҪһ״̬õԼ
һ˯ðȣſѴʰʱ򣬾һۿ˹ϵǼӡ
һ˵ĸоҲû⣬ɨͣͣ
ΪͻһֱƽƽֱܳٻŪˣڻƽӹʱɽһˡ
һ賿ĹⱻصƲסɫĽҲ⡣
𴲣һĽͽǴ:Ӧˡ
ף˿أ֪Ƕ񶾺ĸģ粻Ϊʲôƫƫѡһʱ
ǬΪܳƵĵҩʮƿһʮ
ҩҵıУһӡȷֻܳٲõߺִǬзһΪıҲû룬ֱӽԼΪĳβǰڡ
֪Ƕ񶾺ĸҪʲôܹģҪãңββڵǿߣĽǾܲġ
һأһһʮֻЩϵǣǾȻ̣Ǳϵ
һؾ͹һƬˢˢ£Լ˻þ
ֱΪ׵˵빫ϺģŰģһ:ɲգ
Ϊ׵ûȻλģһ뵽˷µ񡪡ҵһҪɽأһ̵ĶΪǿӲҡҡͷ:ع˵ζҪϺӣ㡭ֶΡ
⻰٣ȴ˵ģ
ͷ£ǣ⻰԰ǰܲʲôֶΣҪһƹˣϻȥǼӵıϵǣ
ǱϵģҺܻɰ
ﴫĽ:Ľ࣬Ǹ
ĽԾŹȥǣȷȷʵʵһЩϤݣлмͬȹƣ:عȷʵϵ
ɣ:ǿֻҸ
Ľ:ǡ
԰ģҪ׵Ҳˡ
ǣҲɳͳǻӻ֣Ե:ǸҲؾн
һǣ⹫ô˼ˣ
ͷΪѵ˵:ҵȲҲӣִⲻߣĪҵȡж³ˡ
޿:ƫƫߣҪΣǱˣҿǵĹ
ңǺùӳԣ
˵꣬һˢˢȥͷֻͷֱۡͶϺ
ź֪ģǱʱﶼЩңɲ룬ȻƧشôЩ꣬һԼ֪Ĵ
˵ǿԲֶΣǰĵǵĹǱȻóȻ£ͷ㶯֮飬֮:
ĪҪΪҵˡ
ϲΣֻټһ棬ˣҵȿɳе
ִⲻߣҲĪҪҵȴˣԹˡ
ȴһϲΣǱϵΣпûһ£ֻ붫һսʱΣˣѲǳսˣ
ѿڶ:£Ϊս
ͷҲ˵ʲôսʵص:عϺδս£ֻãÿ¡ꡭ궼Ҫɢˡ
о޾Ȼͬûа飬ˣҲһİˡ
Ĺͬᰶûг꣬һȨ֮˾󣬵ʱΪ屦ĲֶΣͲö֪ˡ
ܹģԭûиԭȫΪˣڷ֮ڿɲһˣһ֮Ķ֡
ʱǣܳ٣ǵڻǱȻⲻͿ̿ܳٴħֵɱĽֱ֣ⲻˡ
ǾƲ鷢ģܳĺãδҲȻǹҸġ
ֻҪŵʱصϺ˵ʲôתܾͻܹһʱ䣬ʱΪǿҰǿ¶Ҳʲô¡
ǣܳҪô죿
ˣͬĽһͬϵԺ⡣
һãȻʼĽ࣬ҲֻʼҡͷͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬һε˸ǰҲ˲ʲôͿʼ顱š
ϱѣýţȴĽ࣬:Ľ࣬
ĽȴҪҪԼһͬ뿪
ߵ:뿪
Ľ͵˵ͷ:ȥϺ
:һ𣿡
Ľͷ
˼գҡҡͷ˵:Ľ࣬лĺ⣬ȻҲܺ硭ǣǲҪˡ
Ľǹ˼ģȻһܾЩʧ䣬ûкʧ̬˵лЩչˣܸмԣһƬۡ
βɫۣûйĵطƽƽ͸ɫ£µտɫˮУǾʰ쵵ɫƯʯһ
ͨĶζţĸ㣬ʹΪȱȫ
߿ɲ֪ССһƬ۾Щĳص壬һⶫÿҲûΪֵǮأˡ
Ȼһ뵽Ҫ뿪ˣͺˣ;ȥһ
ʱæеĶʰһȾܳһţ˵޷ǾҲ뿪ҪˣһҪȥ
ȻһȡǬеͨ桢߹ֽܳ٣һҪԺʳ
Ѹܳ뵽Ķ뿪˼ҡ
ͬ߸˱һ˾̤ųʱŷͬʱ뿪˶롣
ʱһܳȫѾ뿪ˡ
ҹǰҹΪգһһ壬꣬һУǿƵգκ˶ǽһġ
ɺҹȴա꣬忪ʼܣһ㵤ԪΪһĸ壬ڼҲ޷ڸʱʱл֮ʱ˿ӣ̳˵Ԫ
һձȫһһաʱǿҲȫָս
һʹģ꣬ÿһڱһգҲкܶ˵յʹУܳȴܼ֣ɢԶʧȥˣһʹ࣬Ծȫ㲻ʹࡣ
ʹеʱúܿ죬ת۾Ҫյϰҹˡ
ܳٲûķˣԴӼޣ֪Σյġ
ϾһħĪֵطٰƣĿľ
Ҳ֪ĿĺڣΪʱĵԪѡ
õƫƫõ
Ϊħ֮ӣӵ壬ħںˣħ츳ˣա
ʼʱܳںܾıõһ֣ǸƷ׺ܵͣȴһˡ
Ἣ̶ȵļӿһȼյٶȣ˷־ͻࡣ
һвʹʱ־ͳΪһ󷨵壬ڷͷһ򵥵ֻǶɱ˵ļ
ͷȴħ񶾵󷨣ֻҪһ۶ǿΪҲӲĽֱΪȫΪֹ
Ȼˣ䷨ɲʲôħµģҪħ֧ţ򣬾ֻбɵķݶ
·һ˲ͺˣȼյһʼҽһ֮УԿһȭͷСĺͮͮĵԪ̳һԼ
ɫŸڵĸɽǱܳµĿЦͬڶĽ磬ʹ˸˯ĹǷһ׾ٵؾĽ硣
Ƴһ˲һȥ޼ɵƶɽ͡
޿һĵķֿ֣˿漫Ҳһķ󷨣ʮع˴ǡ
԰׵ӳ÷죬ȵĻǿķ˿֪˿̾ܳʱֻһӰ̽һȡõԪôʹ󹦸ˡ
߻õļƻĿ³ɹǰȴЩԥˡ
ͻȻ͸㲻֮ǰΪʲôҪˣΪĸ׸𣿿ɱĸףΪʧȥĸ׻ıӻڸϵڷб̤ܵܵħѾһϢɢһ˼¶ˡ
ʲô
ΪʲôҪܳ٣
޲֪£ӼһһﳹױһˣƬ棬ܾӰ죬ʼ÷ḻʻ˼ɡ
ʲôڶ޷ֹ˼ɡ
ͬʱҲ֪˹ƶڵ壬ʲôĹƳ棬Ӵɵġıأ
ڻǲĹȥʲôֻΪ޶ĺ̫ͻأǿӲ·Ϊ˺޶ȥһ
ǣڣûôܳˡ
ңΪ߹һǰܳ٣һͬ飿
Ⲣһ򶼾಻
ɣħҲͬ಻
Ǻڷϵǰ಻ֻǿǸ߹ĻķϲȢţΪĲһЩħȨѡһȢҲ޷ܻȨߺ޺⣬ױŵĵܵ۸
֮ҵħҲĸףǣôͺܳأ
ȼյĻ棬ܾһЩҪգҲ١
žȥɽ
ҹĻµɽһƬţ׵Ϊһжһ׵˪䵽Ժӣȴûиܵ˵ӡ
ⷽԺӺСȴʰĺ࣬ĶҹԵЩյȴоܺá
Ŷ룬ůܰ㣬ȼһյůƵĵƹ⣬巿ůĲãÿ϶÷ҲĪ
ӵйƼҵĸо
ͬܳȴӵС
һСԲõˮϣֲڡ
зţŷϡգӬͷСдһ򿪣һ
СŮɬ⣬Ǽʵķ衣
ƾʲôܳӵУȴûУ
Щһɳ嶯ҲҪ˭ĴҲҪ˭ķڣûˣΨһİĸҲ类ħɱˡ
ĺȻһϯħˣôҲҪٵ˲ǰ
еţ壬೤⣬ֻޱȴۣ˸ͽ˸ɾ
뿪ˡ
ɾȻħɱħʱܳߵȴҲˡ

 51 

һǺܾ, ڶ⼸ǧ꣬վȨ߷, ǿ֣ûгԹһ
ֱˣһǸ߸ϵϡͬ, Ҳȭ֮£ʮֱɵĶʹ˱ӵĿ
Ѵ֮˶෹Цʡ
Ȼûб޿Ƶʱһֱڹ۲
ʱʱ̶̿ͨͨԵ۲ɽһܲ۵ɽС, ɽС, ǹƥս
ʱ;쵽һ㣬ͨ෽Ĵ֪̽ʲôɽħĻ
ʹҲ֪޵ļƻ, Ҳ֪˻, ʱǵյա
Ҳĵһƻ벶ȸںһҪ޲, ͵Ϯ
ֱƳܳٵĽ磬һ۾ͿһеĵԪԼǵͽ׷ϵͼķ
Ϊ޻ȥȴߡܾϸϸĵĹ۲ⷨȴȻûʲôв, ˸ٻ, 𺣡
ȴ̳ԵȫΪԼꡣ
ʱһ֮еܳٶڷзһ֪ȻҲ֪ڽ, жǰͺ̵ħɥС
ֱٵգĻҽȾɻҰɫرһƿĹѿĺҽ¶ĶǴƬƬһһ齹ڵء
ܳٻ.㣬Ƥ԰׽۵һƿǶӤļ͹͹ƽĹɫֺŨڻҽ
ݣ䣬忴Ŀһ˫УŨīͫףȴŨŨ顣
δڵķȴ̫˵Ϊ˷ܵĳɫ
ǿϸܽ֯ţɫŨٶһ㣬ͻὫʵʣ䡣
ЩΪǣѱһճ˻ҽ˿ڷС
ܳûʲô˷󣬽Щϸߺųһţ̶÷޳һЩʵĳɷ֣ͽһžӨ͸
Ϊһ磬ƶʦͨһڵеӳһӨ۽Ǿ˲Ц⡣
ʶһʶʶĳ첻ͬɫ䣬͸ʶƮƮʧ˴ɽͷ
ܳûд·ԭģһջϵһĶݲ̣
ͺͺĴӻҽվһͷ˿ԼĬĬߺһſ
ܳʱŵһֻķˣɽ֮ʱؼҵһֻͺͺܲķˡʱĳǰһѡ
˿̵ʶǵģ͸ܵ̾ɽħɨܣһ٣㽫ɽħȫץ˹
ȫ˵ϣѹѹſһƬ
վмĮؿǣ΢ɲüͷ
ħǽԴһɫĺ£øһֻֻѻһһҲ
ʱͲ鷳ˣȺѻУһΪȽϸߵѻ˹ȥǬͷŶ
ȻѻȻΪͣʵЩᣬƷͦߵһֻӣͷĶȴٵúܡȴΪ壬Ҷϲԭͷıȴǲ١
аһֻÿȴûõͨԵոۣһЩ߽׵ķȴûеıʯоǵҩĵҩ
ѻͱܳ׳˶࣬·ܳϾЩɿġ
ؿڣһƬףյĻۡ
ͻȻÿ϶Щʲôûе⣬ôãǱǸҲøЩСȥ
ܳ棬һȺһѵĺѻȺУһֻ˶ѻſۣ뵽е͵͵ܳһ˵ĿӰò͵Ϯһ¶ԲԼĺ󱳡
ôţĬлóһལϿ˶񶾵䣬׼ܳԿͷ
˿Щţͷ߳ϸܵĺ飬ӰССһţŵһҽ޹ģˣˣͲһ
ȴͻ:
еལžડһڵϣȷ˿̣ɽУֻһֻ
ǣ𡣡սսعܳࡣ
Ҷܳûֻǻ˸ͳǬ:ҪģŮӶϲĶ
ǣ𡣡˶ѻ͵طһùǬ
ȴܼûҾȻţҮ
ܳپû˵:˵̫磬
˶ѻɫˢһ¾Ͱ:ǣ𡣡
ܳٶǵĶĵطңĵؽǶһԣĵ:˭ģ
˶ѻһͣ˷ҶĶش:ħ
ܳһֻɫƷ׼͵:ˣ
˺ѻȭ:ء
ܳپֻ챦ʯȦо:شش⣬Ҷ
ǣ𡣡˶ѻֿʼңش:ħҵɱ
ܳٲˣֻȦӦһԶͶ:ˣ
˶ѻ:աǱһ鵽ܳڶһѷӿˣȴ֮ǰħƿķӡҵټ
ܳپֻ˸˷:˶ˣ
˶ѻͿʼü˼:ģ۲ģħʮӦö
ľһЩ塣
ûӦӦû塭
ַܳһֻģǻʶĶɴأÿ䶼İ껨꣬źţҲܾ£⣬ϲԾʻʱҲ˵:ôŪң
˶ѻ˼ôһ˼ص:ħΣڵϦʮħԴǼףһٶĵԪһͳħ硣
ܳپȤ:ǼȻȣΪβԼ
֮:Ⱥʲôã
ľÿϧĶǣķ󻹲ҪնΪأһͻβпܡ
˶ǻص:ħħǣħ磬Ѳ
ش껹ǼҶܳ٣ըëͷź飬һſҵϣһһѶ
ܳپͻȻ:˶٣
˶̯ƣһЩֱΣɫܸ䣬ַܳپƲƲ죬ҡҡͷ
˶ǽһ飬һԶȫȥֿʼȥ
ܳȴ湻ˣͺ˵:ˣˡ
˶ȴŵòУתءͷ:²
ܳ˵:ɱҡ
˶:²ңֻǷħ֮һ
ܳٷߣɿϵϣϳһɸɾ:ղŻɱô
˶ɫһڣ˵ˡ
ܳپ˵:Լ֡
˵뿪Ƭɽȡ
ǸɢǸ̫ߵĺʱ򣬿կûж
ܳһ뵽ϾҪ˼ĺˣ۵òУһ̨ʶϰ˺ü飬һƿԺţȴһƬ
ɢʶȥѰʶ룬ûϢǱʶǣŵҲ˶Ľ磬ֱֱϷ
ܳƿţһԲ֮һѺɫʷεĻҽ֮ȴʰĸࡣ
ܳüǰŻҽڵɫȾָͷͻȻһɱ֮
ҲȻĻȼģһħϢ
Ѳħù
ȴֲûиܵʲôΣա
ܳٴ˿ҲǸʲô飬۴߹ϵۣؾϵ·ϡ
һӱһĶΣ֮ǰȴ˶ͳǵ衣
ܳپ˴ϣͳҪ͸ͨԵһʶȥͿڵһС
ÿרΪǶǿտյͷᣬÿ峿Ǳı˵簲
֪岻¼䣬岻ʲôƫƫá
ڲ֪ѽΪ̫ͷѪÿ춼Ҫȥ޲
ܳپĬĬģڣǰڡ
յĳ;棬ڸϵϺ
ϵķӡȴڽӴ΢̺ˮʱһ˲ͽˣֻԳԭ.ˣһβƯģӵźɫ͸βˡ
ͷ纣һƮݣ۾ҹһҫ˿̾ͳںˮУ¹͸ˮ׵Ĺ⣬ӳiβϣƯҪ
ǻ죬ҷɿζţˮۣι߷ŹС㣬һһٶ۵ûܷӦѾε˸ԶɺС
ܳٿ죬͹˴ǣҪȥһΣյ飬Ҳ֪Ҫã֮һðգʱصϺҲá
ħһУȥġ
ʱ֪ͬԼ͵ˣһεĻ֮޾Ŀ
ɺɫʰ쵣ƯģɺлƮ෢ŹС㣬һЩˮĸİ͸ŵĺÿĹ⣬߲õĺףյʮ
˳ǻһˮ·ĽڵǶ˦ԶʱѵõƬ̷ɡ
һ֮ǰļǿüۼ䶼ŵˡãԴ̸֮ͱúʡֻܿҪһͻܳ٣һ뵽뿪Ҳʲôʱǳ
ҲûǳãͼĺˮУһŹűֱһˮۣˮһ㣬ֱֱײ
:˭ôҪĸ͵Ϯ
ʱѸĶͿһɼʹҲûܶ㿪ǹĹƣһӾͱײʶ֮С                        
лҪ˵һεķֱֻΪԭؽ飡
Ȼ  ɶᰡ  ôĸҵ  ȥ  ۰

 52 

ײʶ, һ˲䱬˾޴ûܷӦ, ǹӾ޴ͳű澭
ܵʹ׳˹ȥ
˯һƬڵģеʶڰӿʶУʱ֪ԼѾ̥ˡ
ٴպ, Լ״̬ܲԾеƮĲԾӯҿ飬ÿһ, һġ
˿˯˹Ĵ, ˯һֻ޴УʵⶫһȱģŲȱԳô
ȱԭǱպŵ, ȴҲ, ˿
ڱҲǶһֲ, ˽Կ֯篵˳ǱԲľˡ
ʱͼϸǵģͷģϵģǼ篣Եĵϲ֪ӺδһֻۺɫֻС̩ôĺǡ
Ǽ, Ϳĵԭر:, ˡ
ûȻҲû죬ʹ֪Ǵĸλ, ļһ:ɴǣ˵ٱˣҺ౦ôüǲס
˵ҲûٿǣǴʮ޷
ȻҪɽӻԻࡣ
˵ҲСŮĹ뷿ɫֹ۵ɫɴɺɫŨǲϲֻǾЩ߯С
ʵлипȥ֮ʱϺĺãڻˣȴ־Ǹиĺˡ
ڻ̬βڵϣҹɢ͹ӳţܳ⺣׵ɫҲƯȻȴϰߣȴӾʱĺʱ̽ǻûεġ
ʱͻó޳ֱȣ붨һʶˣ
ڵȻѾﵽβԲΪͻβֻһԵ
:ûа취Ŷһɴء
Ե¶˵Ҳܾǿһҩ¶Ҳһؾ¶һδͻ¶
֮ǿġ
ȻԾͲǱϵҲǸβԲΪͻһӣҲûͻǸԵ
ڣϺΪߵˣʲôģ
ʺ:ɴǣʮϺʲôˣ
Ǹֻʮ꺣ǣؿɰ:ɲ֪أʮ깬ɷأ

ੲݣɢȱϣһ̺ӣؿš
˵ᰱߵʮ꣬Ƕ񶾺ĸڣ̬˵ǵİΣ˵ǶɲǸõطƾĸĶѺֵط͡ᰣǱԨ֮Ǳܵ᰿Դĵط꣬󣬿¶ĵر
˵ĵһ¶Ҫĺӳͷңǿսʿȥˣܳʲô¶
ᰣۿ˵ͷˣԾ͸ս
ȴ˿ûµģգ˽˱ŮĻ
Լһ˫ۣһľͳҹ͵޷
һ˳ˣҲͲͬЩŮϷˣĸŻֺҵСӡ
ȴҲ֪ˣһ˵ǿĸȴÿ¡
˵˿ǻ˲Ծüһ¶Զĸ߯ԼϹµȥ֡
ȻǾ͵:˵ûӱĳˣӲãֻҩء
˵һҪһƺƴĳ˳ѰżңʱֵҲó⹬Ļ˵ϵӾͻء
ȴԽüͷԽ
ˣһٰʮ꣬͸Ůʮ꼰һһ꣬ˡ
ʱϺǿˣλҲû˰Ǯĸϵ
һң˲ͨ͸һ·⡪
ͬᰶδ꣬ǴʱǱϵˣôȨͶ˳С
룬λһˣΪβûɱǱϵҪӣԲ˳ĴĴС
ԭ˼
ʱǱϵˣôǵõʱĹȨײǴ곤츳ְ᰸߳ɽ֮ʱضʸλʱضҪ֮Ȩá
øˮһյ³װæһ
෴ȴǸʱٽ֮ɣȥʱΣɲĸŮ˵ˣ
ǡ
һͷİȥɣˣȻǣС
Ҷһ͹Ϻϸǧˣ
ôһ룬;ȥһһᳪһϷ
Ϊԭ֮ǰ񶾺ĸѹȣټһֻһźСŮСŮĸֻԭɵӣƽⲻ˵ʱʱʹٰӣԭʱĺã㽫ԭ
ɢСŮΪȻͽɵ˱߽޳ǽȥˡ
ɲʲôҲûźͺǿҲܻչԼʳסС
ԼԼ˼ҡİٻҷسȹ˸ѰŮķ٣ͷ׹ʮֻ۶
ԭǸųӣ粻ԼϲģȴҲǵ߸ԭģҪȥǶ񶾵Ůˡ
Сǣʮҡ޹
¹
һѰ˼ԭǹؾأűõӣһͷԺǽڡ
βԲΪֻҪأеĴܸ֮ܵϢ
ͺܷһ·ҡڵĺ԰ȴһۣͼӺݻĶ񶾺ĸ˿ǹϣǰһòޣҲ˵˾ʲôͼݺݽһֻյˤš
һȺǽӸֻβΪĶӲ𣡡
:ɣϷ
ȥΣ֮ͤ£һ࣬һǺкĴ÷˹һźϷ
ββˣҵһģΣ¹:ԸҪԹСԴȷʵˡ
ǡ
˵һ֧˿Եһöü죬ȴҲ˲Լֻ֪ʲô
ͬҲ㣬һ࣬һĹ:ʲô
͵:ǹ˵δǲġ
:ɴۡ
ǣˣ
Ҳͬľ:˵кԵʣ
ʳԼʵĻͷĵСƺ˱ƣ
ͻ:󣬹ȷȻ˵ġ


ʱȴһòӡΪ˾ֹܣ࣬Ӧˡ
ӦΪŲԸ
Ҳˣ
Ӧһ£ΪʲôҪáҲɱᰴʮ갡ɲ
һȻŭˡβǧѮˣȴãƤ⻬ϸ壬˿̬
߯ͷץϵƺһˤͷϡ
ŨɢžѾƾʹͷϵȥĲ:˵
ҡŮΪ˭յߵģ
һ:
ϢǡҲֱ:˫޲Ҳ
µ˿ۣ˹ذƤȴһֱضɲŹÿһʵ˲䡣
ȻŭһƷװ̣һĺö
۸С
ݵúԣ
ףԴǼ:¾ްԣ
ͬ൱ܣ˿ܻˡ
͹Цֻ⺢Դֱ̫˵ͱ˵£Ӳƫƫɲǲ
Ȼһ̣һͱһԴ
θһģδü£:ˣ
˷ӿʮˢˢڵϡ
:ˣ
һԼ䡣
һϸü۵˾ʹ:󣬴ڴδѡ
:ģ
͵:ʵǴ״̬ˣ
ŷӦ:󣬴ڲβΪڿգκв
Ʒģŵ:Ǿͺã˽ڴûбԸ̤벽

ɽӽϵ޹
:ǣ˵ǷϻôҶ벽벻ˣҪôȥϵ޹
㵹ˡȥǱϵȥ
Сڱ֮ǰɸκεҩָܽ
:ǣ裬߯ˡ
ǡ˵һӰûټ
͵:ˣһ汾ȥԨ
ǣ
ĺ԰һ˲Ϳվάŷŵʯϣ˰Σ´ͷȥǿۡ
ʱǸյĺⲨ۵ͶףһأӳŵϸİɳһʱʯĺйԵƯǳ
ȥ˿Լ۰׵ƣЩãȻ
ǣôˣͰôһϺҷˣ
ǣ治֪βԲΪһ͵ͷѪܽǱϵӹŹ
ҲûãȻãͽһ:ɴǡ
СǾʹͷбб˽:ôˣ
˵:ȥʥ͹
֪źãϲ˳֡
һ·Ƶʥ͹
ʥ͹ƻֺˮǰһһһ
ͬŮкܴ
Ůò̬欣Ƭȴɫʷḻ
ȴ׳˶׺ݿɲƬڼӲսʮǿ
ǰ:ˣ
λԵһ㶣ûӦǰ⴩ſŵ˾ȻǴ
Ӧȴ׷:شϲ޴󰭡
͵˵ͷ˵:ȥơ
˷ûĿģڸԼĿ֤ˣͬʱҪ֤¡
һǣ׷ҪҪǾƼ򲻿ɱ̰˹͡
ǣ⣬͵͵Ǳȥٲ˱
λ˾˭¶һΪѵ飬ǲ룬йԸ˭̽ϡ
ΪΪѣһŭ״:ô
ܿԼ𣿡ҧˡ֣ζ:󲻿ɵͺõ
Ȼһ͹ϴҡͽ˽ȥ
ǲ󲢲ǰģҲ˭ԸοĿǰ״δ˭һϻһء
ʥ͹һƬţһŨŨҩζҩζ߯ŨǺǡ
ЩԺˣⲻ԰磬һôôҩˣ
:к˼ҩ
˱:عϣӲҵڣҵȲ֪
ӦһټһѵõһƬɼǵͷųƽʱϴҲʮŮźأ˵Ҳġ
Žǰ˫˫ǰΪ˵š
ϣſһ˲䣬һŨŨҩζһӸõζͳ˳
ζʮŻȫɻɡǱϵͷˣŵҩ㣬ڸǵġ
ͷȥ̽ûҹ飬ڵĴһ˿©ĽȻȫڵһҵڣһȻĿֲС
˺ʶȤ͸ͳҹ·
ͷʾлû뵽һ̧ţͱһڽ£һ飬˲
˳ǹƵķȥȴǷ԰ʱ߰ˣһ䵽ԺС
ŭ:󵨣ҶԱ֣ǿɻҪǵĹ
Ⱥֻ󣬶κ˶ǲеģϵĴʵĹˣǸǲ𾴡
̬ǿӲ:عĪҪ߶
򣬾ͱҵȲˡ
:ǼٵģǺŰҿϾ͵                        
лҪ˵¼ʹҲұ֤

 53 

ĸڼ, ҲûбҪԼʵ, βԲΪ㶨ֻβС練Ƶ顣
ȴ߽֣ǱĽʮ, һΧ˸Ȧ
ǴβΪʱҪǾ˶һʤ㡣ĽȻƽǴͷһսĻֺ, ̫, Ҳġ
һʡԼˣֺǻأ˱, ס˹״̬
ĽͶ˵:, 
νľͳ˻, ʾݺݵᡣ
Ľ໯ʱξͱ׳˶һһīɫƬʱͶ죬ʮֻˡ
ҾƽǸüС, ˿ҲԵײ
, ΢΢˴ͷһ£˫ʹһš
ʱ, һƬı֮
һƬΪõţζɢȥЩȻǰŨˣ׻ǲŵġʶȱǼҹ͵Ĺ⣬͸ڴܵˮͿ˴֮ϣǹĹҵһ
ˮɴˮʮƮݣͬ￴һҲ֧ʹһСȥÿɴᣡ
ɴһƿͿĿıϵǴ
ɫһİףȴںںڵģ沿ݵֻʣ˹ͷ״̬ܲá
ͷǵĸζҲǴɢģս˲ųǻŸζҩҲڼҩһںɫҩӣݺύ˿ϡ
Ϊ̫̣ҩɢڼҩ
͵ԹԣҪ˵Ƕ񶾺ĸǸԼϹµȥ֣Ƕ׹Ů֮ı˹Ůˡ
ڴԵģʥ͹Ǵûûǵʱֱۣȴջߣ쿴أҹ飬Էǲȥ
¿öˣÿ졣
Ѭ˾ŲζˣʱӦζʹյ˴ߣ˿ǿ˵ǴĿĵĿˣ:
ӦûʶƤӾͶ˶תˡ
ȻǿзӦײȥһû׵ȷʵЩҲͰˡһһ˱ӣʱһТıҲ
һ⸱ûģӻоһҩҩΪܳģǵһţȻ˵ܵﲻԣܳٳԳ⣬û
˿һ룬ⶼܳɵˣʲô⣿
û룬죬žાͽҩ˽ȥ
ֻ˫˫ЦЦЦװһε:Ƕɽ򶾵ĺöҲöô
˵ۿͺˣҪޡ
ⵤҩЧģһֱȥһĹӵĸζɢ˾һĹˡ
ˣͻˡ
һƬڵģڴԵβͱٳ˵꣬ʰ쵵ĺڡ
ֻæҹ͹ȥ:ϲͻơ
:о˼ʲô˵Ĵ¡
ٳһβϢһ¶ھŵǼʹġ
ܵһɴںֱײڵӾ˾Ԫ
ͻˣβԲΪͻ˼궼ûͻ˵һ¶ɾڸովͲ˼ͻˡ
ſĵһۣͿڴһ࣬һˣϲ:û˴󰭣
һξӨ͸ͻۿһ٣ˮͽ͵ǰ棬һ顣
ͷ𡪡Ů˳ΨһԴữˣǷ棬עҪҫ壬עҪͳĺ
ȴҲŮ
ȴǳסϲɫ
һɻصĴ̳аɵҩĵر
:ǣϵô£
̩ǰĺǾ˷ܵòУɵƿϴֽɵˮУȥȥӣһֻǣһֻ֡
ֻģһ߿źһĽ:Ľ࣬Ǽֻˣ
ĽȻˮϰˣΪ˵˾ģͺܲӦĻΣʱվ⣬ؾصش:عѽ䶪ϺԨ
ضһӺӿǣ:ǣ˵ҵɶ˼⵱ŮľһӦЩһҽӡ
Ľֻҡҡͷӻ
ʱͻŸһߺ:ϼݵ
ʲԸȥǰȥӭͼǰıϵ˿Ȼָ˾񣬵βҡĿ洺纬Цؾͳſڡ
ȥӭæ˽ϲЦտ:˸ĵҩǿˣ
ҪشûУֺǺǵԹԵ:ѽĶû͵Ƕӿľͳɡ
ֻë;ͷЦص׼û£ЩѰˣ:֪Ǻ⣿
͵:򴺿һʮˣ
˾֮ģãͷǶ񶾺ĸһɣȥˣ
ǵ˵ͷص:ǡ
Ͱ˰룬:뵱㸸ҳ֮ʱβھ硣
ôЩ꣬ȻҪġ
ƲƲ죬ˣΪˣȻǸĲǺӵĳë
:˵Щĵرɰȥɡ
ɲҪ
ϵǰֵȻҪǶ񶾺ĸͬ
ǰֵĺܽԼɾ裬Ҳ֮ģѣҲýʡʡġ
ͷǰҪԵԼţҪͷưɣŮɲǸǵģһΪ粻˦Ůˣ˭δͷ
ȴĴ󲻽⣬ҡһ䣬޳ȳƵȴ沨ββʣҫ۷ǳ
;°͡
Ůδ޵βԲΪˣ
ʱӯֻð̣ڿۣ
һעӵˣȷʵϲ꣬Լͻβ˵ĹŮ
ؼһ߬ס:ģ
ǿˣ
βˮβƮԺƵ:Ǹƣ
ֶЩֱԵ:֪кã
͵˵ͷ:Ȼ֪˵Ծһ
˵⻰ʱͻϵԴãҪ֪λι裿
ĨĨᣬ˵:֪֮ɶβ
ֵ˵ͷ
ǵӻ˽һЩֹβǵƬտ͸ͫҹ
˵:֮棬۳ʺɫβ߰꣬ữˮһ㾧ӨɵӾһǡ
Ƶ˵ͷ˭ô˵ô
һӣּ:֪úͷ֮Ѫ
ǣ֪ΪҪͷѪֿʼԴ:ΪھѪ
ͷѪʧľǼ
β˱ȫȫˣʵıȫľѪֻһᣬȫȫӾһǡ
ȴЩ£һͶˣЩҲûȣȣ:˵ֻҪβ磬ȫȫӾǣ
ħԣ
ϱ˵ͷ
һۼͷĶһ仰ûУ߲͡һβλڵ
ͼȥʹ:ĵҩ
Цĵ˵ͷ
ҲԼ̵ģǰЩӱ͵ϮһŽָЩҪ볹׵׳ڵβȻǲġ
ҪΪТ˳һβԾȥĵȥˡ
ŮТ˳βж
ԼԼжòУĨ˰ᣬ̤˴
ͬʱɲ֪ǱϵҪΪȻҲΪ
Ϊܳ١
ͽ˿ĺӵϰߣһȥҩⶼСµĵҩˣĵﶼ˻ݣΪûͻơ
Щûľô˵ⲻ
ѲˣעǱϵһ͵ͻϸꣿ
ҪҪ粻ֻ֪ҪͻβͿԳܳأ
˾Ͷúɢ˫Ŀͬһ㴹ββˮſſŲƮȥ
㡣·˵
ǽʱͿһ۵ŵòУʧɢɢ:ɴǣ泳죡
Ľͱļ˽:ǳʲô£
:òŶ
С°
ô
Ƕ˰ɣ
Ľû˻˵Ǳȫڸӡʵ˲֮
ȴ˸߲ҵ˵:

˼˵һһȵĺнտأȥưɣ
˵ĺɶأ
һ뷴ԼҲ£ԾϺˡ
дϺ붫紦ĺ֮ļУ̶ֳȵȻҲпԱġ
Сɵױ棬͸˵:ҪСһ㡣
ģò˼ԽֹģļоԽӡ
ٲлء
˵⻰ʱ̯ǰ¯
֮ǰڶ¯ǺȼһˮȻ˻𣬲ˡ
ʱʱ̵̿ܳ٣ֵ֮ΨҩʱſԻһЩ
Ŀµ¯ˣȻµġ
ˮкͬ½ϵĲͬһεĺСһֻһΣһֻ£Щʲôû˶һС̯̯չʾŻ
¯ӳ:ϰ壬¯Ӻã
㾫ϰʹ:СⲻҸ㴵¯ӰǸá
֪һһ˵ⲻҸ㴵ʱ򣬾˵ѾʼţˣֻƯ¯ӣ鱴󣬽ߣһѱ߬סӡ
:
ͷȥɣ߬סһʶССģ̰𪣬гŰдοȣͷŶ̶ֻӨ͸ССǡ
:оֳһ仰
ͼƤըһ˦֣ݺݵ:ޱӶ°ڲ
:ǣöӣô
߾˦ȣϷţ٬Ц:ϺĴ
üŤͷ:ǣϴˡ
˵βΣȴߴӺϣһ߬ס
жһɶ֮УŶأȴǻûü߬סСȴʹİ
⿴ͼ߬Լӵֻ̡
ɻ󲻽ؿԼĸ첲ȴ.¶ںˮеĸ첲֮ϾԳһһĻӡǡ
Сһ߬ӡдƶҪմˡ
:㿴ɣǻá
һβ߿˰ߣ˶߻˶
ôһ㣬ֵ鶼ûˣźǾҪظ
ȴͻŵǴиϴү˵飬ʱԵ˵˸.㣬Ѿ˲ΧȺˣǸΣ۾
Ҳ棬þûС˵ˣлС˵ҲԵһ۵λȥ
˵̯ӷܵС˲ġ
л˲ǮͷϺǰͷ:۽ţ˵Եģ˵һ˵֮У¶
ãȺк
ͷͿʼ˵:Ҫ˵֮аħ˵ͷʣ
۴һ֪ɣǶħ֮ӡħܳǿǸ֮ŷɥ
λ֪ˣ
ͷһ׹
ͷϧ:
ħΧˣԪ̤
˵Ĩʣˡ                        
лҪ˵

 54 

Ȼ;Լʧ, ߵȥĴһƬհ, ·ʲôû룬ַ·ͬܳٵǼػ顣
ֻӿ˵ͷһнע˫Ƶ, ۿ΢̵ĺˮУ˿ſЩ͸顣
СƼˣ͸, һССǾ, ȥһš
:ι
Ǹ
ǹĶ
Ǹ
СĹǰƤȥǽ
˵ͷȴ澪ؿСǸƯǰ, ע⵽
, ȴһ֮ǰ޵, צץס½յˡ
־־壬Ҫ˵Ҳħ, ôƢǸС, ϣ²аħ
Ͷݺ:϶, ˵Щʲôأ
˵˭ˣ
ͷһʻ˿Ϊû飬ԲһסЦ˵:ԭΪ¶
Īŭӣɲáֵ:˵Ŀɲħܳô
ǹǶģϾħ硭
ȴһ뱻:ϻ쵰
˵Щʲô
ĺúõģˣ
ţǰԭߣܳҲʱ
οڲͬˣܳٸûǷɵ·ӣôûᱻħΧˣ
˵ͷһ׺Ƕʱŵսս͵:⻰ĪҪ˵ˡ
ͷ˵һ¶
ǰЩӣǶܳٶض٣ȴ뻹Ǳħȥ
ţŵʱһսʹҹ
Զܳβ
⣬ɲ˵ģ
ȴһ˵һӾסԭʮŵģǡһЩˡ
ԭиûἰ룡
뵽֮ǰֵĺڷޣѲ壬һܳٷѣ
ǣͼʲôԭЩӸħмİλ֣

Ǹ죬ĸˮϴһ߾ͲԵĺ磬һˮٶȼķ롣
Զ֮ϣһ·ڵڶʱ˶Ľ磬ɵɽ
ɽǰ㶬ľֻӦǲǰ˳ѩѩδ׺ںɪɽϣ¶һƬĿ֦ҶһжԵ䣬˲
ûоɽκһѩƵľֱǷԺ
Ժӻ뿪ʱǸģûǣϵĻѩƽףűһ㣬ɨѩҲ̤ѩ
ʹҴһƬ֮˼СɵЬӡͨǰƿţһӾòͨľζ
Ӳ˶ֻǣ֮ǰµǷȴϻҡ
һʹ
ܳٻ
涼ûж鲼˲ңֻµֽȴˡ
￴ԭȷӵĹӿտյҳһ˵ͻ
ͻȻЩʲôҼȥӣӵļзпտҲȻĵҩҲȡˡ
ľ˿֪ǵô
Ͳӽ˻ң䴦в֩ɴŵŹννѩĭӣεǽǴ֩ҡҡ׹
ָ⻹մŲٻҳ̧ͷȥǻ۵Ĵף;ԼܿպܿգʧȥһУʧȥеĿһ
˺ܶ⣬ܳʲôʱ¶ʲôʱصļңֱô
һжģǵСӹƽȴ㣬ΪֻҪĸǸ鷳ǾͻһֱôҸȥ
ôͻȻͱأѵΪˣΪ뿪
Լۣ廹ԴͬųⷴӦҪˡ
һƨ˴ϣɫϴЩ׵ɫȴ˲ҵԵʣǱеɫ
ĴϾһ۵Сͳ˿ȥ˻ҳһȴֻ챦ʯƵĶȦȻģЩ󣬿ȴǺܾϸġ
ܳҪ͸ʱʱͰһЩСҲõİɣ
ɴ뵽࣬Ҳ޷ȥˡ
µһĻĻǰһ֡֡ĹҲܳ٣Ҳܳ٣ôһʻôһҲ;뿪һգ۵Ĺ
ôӾ˻ˣ
ôͲˣ
ӣͼԺҲܳ٣һĺ£ʱɵؿ죬ʱϣʱ֣ʱˣ
۾ڣȴڿʱдŨŨĻ顣
뿪ɽĿĵڻ̵ɽͷҷɣ밡ĴܳٵӰ
֪ͷɵ˸ڵĸɽ⴦ѩЪؼ䶼ǾĵģĻѩĶһ㣬ɽ´ǰããһƬƲκֲԵ޾
ͺиӦһ㣬ƫƫͣ⴦ͣܳĵط
ѩʱͷĿ֨֨
ҲԼ룬ǲܳˡ
ܳپͲôʲô¶ûͲô
ѩϣˮ䣬飬һأѩУҲҲˡ
ͻȻͿʼ֮ǰȫˣ磬ô͸ôˣ磬ȻˣΪʲôͲúùӣ
¾ԶڶֵطҲðʲôҪֻҪһܳٵġ
ˣ֮ǰƽƽĻҲͦô
ͱȥ˻϶ĺ塣ֽſʼ忪ʼӲԼ˳Σʲôûз
ʲôУһΣʧȥԸһʼʹûõ
˼һƬھˣҲܣ·ڳ硣
ʱ䲻ùȥ˶ãԼȻһΣˣֻȴϺ
ȱѣСǾίͰ͵ſԳҭֻ˵Լûãûܻס顣
Ľ͹֮⣬ؾصĹţֻȴˮζǹá
͵һ˫ۣͷ沨Ʈŵķɫɴᣡ
ɴ׺űʯǣգ֮οɵġ
Ϳʼյ˼Լ壬ԪѧⲻһڶԪ˼׵ġ
ǣͳ趨Ϳʼ෽ȥ̽ν˸Ϣ
˵ҲıѪС˵ˣ֪磬ǻи˵ķӡ
ɽһ̤磬ȴʧ
˶˵˸ף겻ɢħܳǿĸɾħƲ磿ܸԼǲɵ
ޡ
õ˵ǵʱֵشϢһҵظصϺ
ڴͬʱǸǰȥԨ֮ؽᰵĺĸҲ᰻صϺ
ӻһյĹĴѰҿԸܳٵķӣϾͻظ
ֻȴ˸ˣÿҹǵǸ˵Ž
Ҫƽﻹе㲨ۣᷭһݼӣȫûǸľˣ鲢ïıݣֻᷳ
һҹˡ
ƣͲûڽĽأ᰾ͨ͡һǰ˳Ʊסȡ
̾һ˵:ᰣˣȥɡ
᰾Ϳ޵ǽһ滨ˮһ˫Ưһۣ˿Ҳͺ˼ʢɽһ:㡣
㲻Ҫᰶ
ҲҪᰶܷ
ĸ󶼲ᰶֻнᰶˡ
ȥ:ᰣǸ߿ˣҲ㡣
Ϳ޵:㡣
ġ
ᰶıˡ
ᰶ֪ĸ֮ǰһֱǴģ㲻ӦᰶϺҲᰶ
ȴ޶ԣ«ʲôҩȴţʲôҩ
᰼޶ԣͿ޵˺ѷ:㡭
Ұ筡
Ҹ벻
ҡ
뿪Ϻɡ
Ϻһжġ
ֻҪصߡ
㲻֪
ߵʱҪĸˡ
ƹȥ
޵ĺһС޺ˣ޳ĲԺһƬ
ýģһ˫һۣʱˣȻǸֵĺô˼֡
εȥ𣬷˵ҪǲӦһֱŲ
û취ֻôӦΪЦסһڣ˵ˡ
ûð취Ȼˣƣ飬յôĥӲݣ;֮ľ׽һЩ
˾һҹ峿ĵһˮ棬뺣׵ʱ֪ȷʵûͬʲôۣȷʵǸıˡ
ʵҲôһӣĸ󣬿ɲ˵ʲôʲô
ȥԨ֮أûĸѧԼȥ硣
ãȻЩסǽ鴾ƣͬദôЩӣڸıһۣҲѧˡ
ͬԨС峤Ҳеĺ筣¶ˡ
ϲ߿˵ǰԸΪһС
ȴƲδϣô
һȥԨͲɷ˵ĴᰣȻĵõ筵ǿ˵Էһ壬Ϊ׸塣
緢ʱȻԼΪ֮ģǷ㽾ҲҪమ
ȴֻǱʮֲмһ֮ͨ󣬴꾫Ԫ
ˡ
뵽Ŀǰδܳ١
ᰵĺ筣Ųǣ
ʹӦᰵڵڶգͽȥϿ羰ͽװԼβܿٳռһ·ϵ˱Ԩ
ԨȻģһƬıѩ硣Ŀҫ۵İףպܽ¾ѩɽ־Ϳɴ죬һɾԾĵĺõط
˼壬һסƶ˵塣
㣬εȴ죬Ӵұ׾ηƺ׳ЩĶǡ
ֽ᰽˺УǶǴ֪һжҪġ
Ϊͣ˺ˮһ꣬ܣ֪һ˽һؿ޳ġ
س֮ʱᰶ޾мֻɬһЦͰһʼƬۻ
͸Ƭۣתˮ⣬ʲôû˵ͻصϺ
صϺȻûôƽʧ٣˷ƵȥѰ
ȡһصĽѵڱԨһţ˵ɣҪٲƣʱԻϺ
ͺ粻òصȥ
ľ񱾾ЩˣһжѾļƻ֮ˣƫƫֻ뿪࣬ˣΪͻβһжڳԤڵķȥ
ȴľӪô갡ͬˣֻҪֵᰳ꣬ͳɹˣǣ·һϦ֮䣬һоͶס
ĺܺڣʱͲӦηηţӦòһеɱŶԡٿŮݳɫǳˮһ·Ϳδעʹıƣı䲻ˡ
Ȼ壬Ȼ޷⣬ǣȴˣڰͬ࣬Ƥȥ

ܿˣһʮĿĳˡ
ȴûʲôоȴûһִˡ
ָ۳ŻмǧûҲżλɲԵú޹ؽҪˡ
ȴǴƵΪٰһ
Ͷʮ壬ַѡ˳ǵˮ
Ͷһ޴ˮǰļŮԲ˵İŪ
ܿ죬Ǹԭͷɫ޹Сͱʰ
һС಻һǰ沿Բȴ£СŮޣֻ˵ҲûбǴٽĵˡ
ޱƨʹͷջѡ˼ɫҷسȹ˼磬ģͱˡ
һᣬͳĿĽ㡣
Ҳһ˲񣬶ؽǰǰŮ
罻ȤУ˵רΪٰĳ磬ĸо
ģƴ󣬼ĺ֮е壬˷Ѫƫƫ˻ͬĶӰߡ
ǼȢ˵ǸϺ֣ŵ˼
ΪʲôǶӣҲɣУעδӿɲǶ˫ֶΪԺȥϺ϶Ϻ
Ҳһ˼ϼһôһϼƣͳһۣͷ棬Ƿİߡ
ӻһ仰ͽϼһ˿ġ
:ΪСŮÿɻã
߾˳ߣǶڱֽɴͷһųȴòβֺȻװģĺ
ʹЦȤСӻͦͿʼȥͬк׽
˳˰ߵˣ֮ĵᣬǳġڼȻδϣûµˣ
ʱ뵽μĳǵͦģȥ˼һݷС椣ȴϺ֣ʹȥơ
ȴһۣͿ
ȻڴܣһҲѰŮǰԼӢˬԵһȫע
֮ĴϢŵ֪һŮӣϺĴ
߾ڱصõشյɴ⣬ɴһǣδȵ:ɣּˡ
ʻ죬һףһŻǿ
۾Ǳ׼һۣǱ׼һǣЦʱʣļķһܸȾˡ
Ǳ黣ӣƽºͿͷһԽǣ:񾭲
߾ʹ۲ЦЦů:ôվͲʶˣ
ҿǸһβȳʮصĵùء
ƲƲ:ù棿²Ǹ.档
˵žվӣһɨֺѵˣ֮ᷳмŤߡ
ȴ.ֹʼʩһ߬ס֣ĵػ:ſ
߿ɲšػѧˣ߬ʱ͵һ篣ȻûЩ˵
СåƵƵؿ:š
ɴδ˺޳֮ˣҲͬϻˣ̧־һƳ˦ȥȴ뱻ݵһץס
͸ˣЦ:ɾͣ
ҿ׵úô
˵žִյ˱Ǽ⣬һᣬʱһֱĵףЩˣȻ󣬾.ϷѰŮһ㣬ͽԼĴӡָ⡣
ըȫƬβͽȷ˳ȥ
ϵһ֣ǶĿ֮±ߵ˴롣
ԭһĴ˲ʱ缦̽ͷҪҪƺϷ
ͳ˳ȥַֺйƵĶһȭߡ
µ֣һȭͷȥɾǽѣһȥǿ𶯾Ԫ
ֱֳ߱ԭһֱΪŷӦҪ˰æҵǰܡ
֮ʱݺһŰߵβ:ޣǸʲô´ٸҺҶֶţҾۣĽ
˵˧תȥ
һúõĳôˣḡҪأϺ˭¶ˡ
ʹļ:
ıŮ
ӳԣޣ䲻Ҷ
ȻЩˣǳڻӵûһ:ޣ
϶
˸ԵĶӣҶΪȻɲҪǼһռ˶ٱȥ
ֱ꣬ӽǸ˳ȥһΧԣҲ׷׸ȥ
йеĲ죬һ·߾һ·ͷ׹˵Σصʱ򡣷ѱ˿Ҳһأһɣ˵˯
СǸܵıˣ͹Ľţ뱧ޣɵױӲӲĴѵ÷뷨
Ͱ˳ȥίʹ࣬Ҳѹֲסˡ
⼸ܱ磬þеķӣɾûѰܳٵһƻǡ
ܳ٣ģģˡ
۵Ŀޣ˻ߵĿޣûأһ޵ңȻΪԼĹŮǱС쵰۸ˡ
ĹŮδ۸ͷˣϺɻʲôӿԣ
쵱͵ǲȥˣƱҪȥָ˵
ۿ˾ſſޣͷͷϣƵģȱǾΪҪ˯ˣͺԾرպ˸ӡ
һƬڵģһ갲İſž;ˣԺľȻ˯ˡ
Լ˯˶ãлڲͣйܳٵһУȻжģʵȴڿޣ۾ޣ˿˿ǣ͵ҹ£Եʮ
˯˯ţʶȴ˯гЩ͸ܵһ̵Ƹ첲⻷
ʱΪԼ˯ԺˣԾͽ˯еĸоͶ䵽ϣųʶԽԽ࣬ĸоΣȷȷʵʵǸܵڱ
ž˶һ̵̹Ļٽž䵽Ķͷüë۾ϸϸܵģһŹ繣ȴһֽƵĲ
һ˲ˣҲһ˲ͺˡ
Ȼһֽʵ¶ȣɣⲻųΪһֱܳٵԭ˭
Ǹղŵ.ɣܰҪˡ˭
ôһ룬ʱͱһɼǿһžߵϣȴûá
̵־ͺƻеͽԼϡ
ſۣĿ»һƬڣǲûΪѶſ͸ˡΪߣ
ڰУͱջ˻УȻ͵ͷ׼Ĳ׽Ĵ
ӵһ˲䣬Ϣȫ˹ͳס
ţͲܿƵžžવ䡣
֪˶ãýƿ˫־̵ĴָͲ۾ֲ:ޡ

ҵĶҪˡ
ȴſϣһھҧļͷʮֱֵһζڿӿɿڡ
Ȼͽϣʮָۣһ
ףȴ:쵰
ȥĶˣ
֪֪þúþã                        
лҪ˵  ǧְ  ˺þúþ

 55 

ܳ뵽ļ¡
һֱ֪, ħ绹磬һֱ˲ϣ, Ҳ֪ǽҲԶİ
, һҵǸڸڵĸɽɱŲʹ˶˵:𣿡
˶ʹ顣
ܳʵϲ˫մѪĸоĴлֱӽضʱΣ˶ħɢϢ
ܳ, ʧ, ǿǣħĵԪȥ
ʱħɱʧ٣ħ, ҲȺ, ʮһһڶǣ, ෽ϣͨ˶ĿڣõЩǵϢ
˽磬ֽȺɰħ磬Ƕ̿, , һ֮ʱŭͨͨɱ
һϼƣʵԪûҲãֻҪܳ, ôħȻǵģֻ˭ħǾ͸ƾˡ
»һ⣬ɱô壬¶϶סһɢԡ
˵ħܳˣΪ飬ħֻֽ˫ʧأɡ
һȻסˣʮһģͿʼϷгǺͶǣϷħıء
һʧ壬ȻӲһ©
彵ħ磬Ҫָ˵
ܳȻǵһ棬ħѪһòȻ˳Ⱦ콫ͲͨƲ棬ӸµؿŵȺѹѹħħ
Ȼϣ˵ҲҪΪָ˵ħ֪ΪҲħħδħȺף˿Ǹռħĺʱ
ܳٲԸͬħϵһģħûˣҲûˡ
վ˳׻Զ֣˵ɱ˲Űɱɵʮһλħ
ֻȻͱˣģʱܳҲضãó֤ݣҲ۸һ˵˵һ˵Ϊ֮ʱ֮С
вʣɵ׻˱ɿۿžҪԵһ⡣
߸ϣʥãԣҲи޿޵ɣĿȻա
͸ɽӣֻֻܳҪһУͿȥϺӻˡ
ǳս֮ͷ˾޴ëʱŷ֣٣һ磬ɡ
ħĳͻҲƵֻóĵҩÿسҩֻʱĻ⣬һη֮ʱǸʹࡣ
ʹУħؿʼħʹȴ޷룬Ϊħ壬ӵﶼᰲȡ
ΪԪǣħأܳپͺ̵ĸܵħĺ塣
˵ǾĶĴھΪ˸ħѡľ壬ֱӾ뵽ڶ֮ʱĿ־塣
˽ġ
һֱ֪
ָƣ֪ԳʲôĶҲ֪Ϊƿѹħɵĵҩ
ҲûȥѰ
ǾĵĶעὫġ
ĺ²ûɣȴѡһ
ʹ̣ħһУͽħ罻˶ӵԶħĵط
ͬʬһ㲻ԲȣΨһ֧ŵľԿͨԵ
Ӿп̽Ϣͷ֮йϢ
ʱŷŹģõһˣںгʱĽеʹࡣ
ͻȻ;Ľ˵Ķԡڴ󺣡
˽ҺڰŰԼĵ
ҲֻҪˣˣôȥ˵˾ͻǰеļ䣬Ը⣬¾ħɵʹ࣬ҲԸ
ʵкܶʱҪ̲סˣ̲סȥӵ
ǣһ뵽ʹʱǱʲôסˡͷѪҲͬʹ࣬Ŀʹࡣ
ΪѰԼҪˣûСɻˣˣ˶˵ٸĿܣΪμ֣
жһձͨԵЦݽѵйһΪҹҹΪᣬִκһ֮Ĵ
ܳٺȻ;áҵģҵģҪˣһеؽ

ʱܳپ˵һƬԵĺڰУܿ˸Ứڣ˵İԵ:
Ҫȥȴ뱯ˡ
ȴ£ΪЦˡΪԣûŽе
ͰѴĶߣ˽Ȼ:¡
û磬ҶԲĵ
˵:׼ˣʲôʱ
һ壬ҪͬԶԶһһҲҪ롣
Ϳʼʹ޴Ҹоͬ˿ϺһûԶ٣ҲԶԶѰ
ܳٵʶȫʶУҫĺ죬һƬĵɫʶУԵͻأ
ܵʶ֮Ͼ͸ֳһźɫˮССеʶ·ܵ˻ٻ˿˿Ƶʶ֮¡
һĸоȫȫܳٵ磬ȹһʮ¶ʵ
ԱȱһҲͬȫȫĽͬˡ
ܳҲܵˣļиܵ飬Щصĺڰԭȫ֪ǲ꣬ѣѪ֪
ǿĻ潫ˮɰֱˮڣ˭ûж˵һ仰ȴͬѾͬһĬҪ˵֪Ҳ
ȴܿ죬濪ʼˮʼڣһϸʹ澭ߡʹͻȻѸͣһ˲˹עŵϣ¸ܵľʹ
һֳ˾޷ܵʹסƺ߳ȸȫȫȼԼʹˡ
ͬʱҲܵʶлʶʶг롣
ҪߣˮͳʰΧ֮ƽȫȫסʹʱʶһ˿һĳ룬Ҫ˽Ҫȫȫʹࡣ
Ȼ˵üֺܾҪͻƺˮİΧۼŻҪͻΧˣſܳٶߵ͵͵˵:˵Ҫô
׼ˡ
Ҫ𣿡
пѹֵʹĲܳٵһ˲ʹʹˡϸ΢ı仯ȴȫϸĸܵˣŨƫִռ֪ʹ
һħɵʱãʹҲǰδең˾һĸܣһ飬ʹҲûôʹˡ
ȴǼʵģԼʹ㲻ʹġȻʹʶȫ״̬ȴǲɱ޸״̬
СůĵıǽİϢܳپС
ˮ壬ˮ뾭ԻǿҴȻأһѵҩͳ˯ȥлָ
֪úʱ˿۵ıƮݵĹ۵ɴᣣԼǸõܳ١
;ԼҸˣԭһжΡֿ:¡
ܳٵ͵Ӧ:ţ
ͿʼЦ:簲
Ͱ§˻У°Ħķģ繣ֻϵĹͷȴѵùǺ
һιû죬ȫȥˣ
ʱѰ˼ŵôܳȥһأøι֣
Ȼûüأͼűײ˿СǾһӵҩίͰ͵˽:ĵҩ
һСǣʱͺ飬Ϳ˿һֱĿתܳ٣ֿ˿Ƿ۳һСǣĪһ֣ץĽŸС
ȻСȴû˿ץС˷ܸУأһȻͱϵһҹ
òױ·ĵȷУͣؾɱ˽ȴһ۾ͿСʱʶſڴϣһ꣬ôľңõĵطܽкǺߡ
Ǹѽһ뵽Ĺ򲻹Ҫ۸һֻСǾ͸ˡ
ǣĬĬװһֻߴݵϹǣ˳ȥ󣬾ȥҵĽࡣ
ŽĽʰȴֻĽ˼ƿҩСӲҪ¡
ⲻͲʲԸˣ˫˸Ϳ۾ܳ١
ʾСǰѶ¾ȥˡ
ڿĵѾĳϰߣСһ̹ҩƿ֮ʱŷԼȫͨ͸о֮ǰκһ춼Ҫá
ʱͷֹԼĪǸMƽʱúõʱúãôҹһ֮ͨȴúö˰
ҲĬĬ²˾䣬δʲôŵҩ¶ǣŷһ˵Ĵ£Ҳҵͨ͸ɡ
ͻˣ
տĵҩ˼¶ûͻƵԲҹͻˣ
ΪİθߵβڣҲ˵ϵβǰڣҪţ磡
:̹ˡ
ʱô򵥡

˵ļΪ֣ڸǸչԪڣϵĻûüֶһֵա
һϰͻһüĶޢŮ˼ǳɫİȹഺ鶯
ܳٽ֮ǰЩȴְθЩ֮ǰǼӡ
ֻ֮ǰһӣڹȴܲɿ塢״ĹţѰǾһ͵˰ְ·ĺӡܳƯֿǾһѵ¼ӣ˵ʶõúĪЩС
Ҳʼˣһ·Ϻܻ˵Ŀ⣬ǣܳٵ֡
ʹʲôȤĶҲקܹȥһ̶ɿ
ܳϲĸоһֵŵİĴݵģ˳žȫˡ
ͻȻԼɵֻҪڣǵҲ뾡취õʻ
£ڳСԺӵʱ꣬Ǹܵ˻ӽĸо
оǸˣȻ˵ʯ򵽺ܶණñҲֻڻӵʱˬС
˾⺣СסƽҲûб¶ͬھǼҳ̵ҳǸܳһŹֿ󺣡
ΪʶѾϤϤһûʲôСദѵõûĦ
Сӹǽһͣ۵ʮַζ
ܿ죬µĹ͹ȥ
һﺣ绹𴲵ʱܳٻں˯ħٷǰιһŵҩ֮󣬾Ϳʼ
ܳٱ˴˾ǣ֣ҪȥǼûȥӳ͡
Ϊ⣬Գ˵ʳǸûСôһ˵
Ծô˶Ƥ˼գ;ƽӹ˵ǣҲûĪ˳Сˡ
ǾͶˣһǣֺǺǵشк:ϣⲻ°С
ȥǼҳѽ
˵һ裬Ϊһ磬ͳºЦЦ˵:Ϻð
ȥǼҡ
ǣͬܳߵǼ̵ʱ类Χ˸ˮйͨƴһϰСһ㡣
ⳡʶˣ֪ܳٲϲΧۣͶ˶:¡
ţܳãؿ
:
òҰǶߣ
ܳپҡҡͷ˵:ԷҪ
֪ܳپһصĴԻųԴڣƽСĵȺ
ʢ࣬ϰһʮˣ΢֣۾ĺ
ܳ÷ʱרעضĿƵĿ񾭶븹еʳǣ
ۿܳټ˿зʨͷûأȲ:СӣζΣ
ܳ˶ԵĿţ֪ʣϸϸƷһƷ¿ӣش:ܺóԡ
֮ܳעӵĿ⣬Ϊ֮ǰܵĿⶼǶġ
⼸һֱԡڴĿУʵлЩĵģԱҲش
Ȼˣ֪òڱ˿Į롭
ϰõ˿϶Ļش𣬶ʱͺ㣬лûڳֻǵһ˫ۣ˼ؿܳٳԹ˸Ͳܳʳ
СǵǶĵģһС¶ȫעʱֵ˶Χ꣬Ҳֱӵֶտ
Ҳʱ򣬾˵Ľֵϣź˵һṲ̊Ƭ԰ء
Ůģʮ߰꣬ϴǼ²ɵǳɫСȹ
ļܵҲܽСɾļϻǼһˡ
˴һڵĿ䳤ۣͷ϶һɫĿñɴ߯ãһҲɹ͸
˾̱ŮļϣҲǻŮմմͷĺЦŶ˵:ݸ磬ϾҪŶ
ûӦ
ŮԹԵ:Ӧûϲ󺣰ɣ
˴ͷһֱͷ
Ůһ˫Բһˮͷͨ:ݸ硭
ټһºòá
ϾҪˡ
ŮǿԾġ
ɲŮƽºǰߣߵĺܳܳҲߵú
ǺܼᶨᶨĿ⿴Ŵ󺣵ķȴڵˡ
ŮһǳͨС
סһ޳ûɽĵһԻΪе޶ĵСͺܳ
ǺһɽԣԺҲûл
ʱ׵ʹĹɽȴһֻЬһ̲ӸɺѪҺ
ˡ
ʱͼ̳²ͬԻɽǺһЩ֮СޡΪɽػãһɽض顣
Ϊܿͳɳֻʮ߰ͣȴ˴Ի
һɽȴɽйİ޻С޽Բһֻ;þˣʧɽȴڻس̵·Ͽһֻѻ
ʵҲѻͺܴ󣬻ڵëƯͦƯģΪûм϶ֻѻ
Ͼʹ̶ֱӾͽѻ˼ңȴΪɽͻһɽ·ûüѻ
ڵڶգѻûˣѻҲˣǴȴһݿɲӡ
ĺܿ£Ƥһİףͷ˳ˮһڲһͺܹ·ϡ
϶Ǻɫ磬촽ְָףȫһˡ
ֻȴкȻܺǸһˮȻˣſ۾۾ǺɫģʱɰŵҪ
һ뵽Ϳʼ߶߶ĸ˵:ݸ硣
㻹ǵ
ǵһʱһ˫۾˵Ư
ݸ硭
㲻ܶ˯ǻһ𿴴ء
˵棬ֳءʱȫ֪ԱߵϷɢ˳һ˱˳ӵ˲ɲһײϣһģûסģһˤڵء
ȫȫϵģһ˾ͱѹµ˱
ñĺɴصһ˲䣬ñӾʹͷϹȥ
ײ˵ʶԼײˣ:ʲôͣɣײˣ
ȻҪȥײ:û°ɣ⽫һ̧ۣͼһһֲӣʱŵһ飬һƨɶն˵ϣָӣȦ:
⣬⣬⡭
ְ
һŵҲ˲ԼֻŽҵؾ¸˴ñ
Ȼͳˣ˵Ŀͱ˹Ҳ˹ȥֻһۣͿݺύľ
Ŀھһͣ˰Ǹܳİɣ
ܳʶסĽŲ:ôˣ
ָָޣ˵:ڷޡ
ܳپȥʱѾȫɴס
ܳپ͸ɴ꣬ȻѾԵĲˡ
ܳٽ˽֣ڵӿŵĺ⡣
ûзֱֱֻĶҪ㶾ɱһ
֪ܳɱ߱ĸĳˡ
ǡ
ҲƲ磬صħ磬Ǵ㽫ħصصġ
ֻȴɱǡ
ĸĸʹǺ֮ǣɱǵҲֻԼκˡ
ܵܳٵҲܵ޺⣬ȫ
һֱ֪ĵ׾һȱռǿĺӣʹûдħùһ̵ǿռҲΪĸĸ
ΪɱĸҲȫġ
ֻǵԭħ񲢲Ǳɱѳɱ
ϡǵд˵һհħļӣȻ龫Ԫɱˣħ֪󣬱ʹʬ壬Ҳɱˡ
ڲȷԭдľ黹жٻᷢΪĿ¶ԣоı̫̫ˡ
ζӹù˵ǿʼ޷˽ȺΧסССӾͽ޻
Ϊһ붯ദˣȺʱЩʴӵģȴرǿĻǰĿ㣬ΧȺڽ͵:ҲҪ˵ˡ
ֲ֡
ֻһֺܹĶֶھɢϲŻкɫ硣
ҡ
öûк˵˼ֻǼҪ֮ǰһ󺣣ҲŴġ
ҲҪ˵ˡ
Ǹܼǿ̬ΪɱɽޣĿǴһ㴿ײУһ˸ӵʱ򶼻һЩѹȸС
ȴһȺˣǲҲ:㲻Ҫſںˡ
ôܻĶҩ
ңѾˣ᲻ʲôԴȾĲ
㲻.ʬ󺣣Ȼ󣬺пŴ󺣵˰ɣ
԰԰Ҵʲôÿģ˼
Ǵҿһ˽Ӵ󺣣˵ͻẦأ
˵ͷһŭһվֻ𣬽ĸ첲Լļϡ
ҧȴûзһ䣬ֻһǰŲš
ľͷľͷɣɻޡһֱ֡
˲ԸһаСͽס:㲻ܹȥ
ǵģ
ȻһͯƵһѳͷñ󾪾ȥᣬȴǰӵĹĴ
ǿ޳æȥ޵͡žžડ䣬Щίһ̱ˡ
ɽһ·֮࣬ǰһֱڵ޻žܼǿѾŵ˿Կ󺣵ĵطǻšֻȴ룬ȴϷŪ
һ߿һ߻ܵˣ˵:ǴҶҪˡ
ֻ뿴Ҳ֣Ҳ뺦κˣֻ뿴󺣡
Ⱥɧֻͯȴ˿ԣñգȻֱŹ޵
һСûʶδɫ׵ˣ׵ľ񾭳ᱻ˳嵽ߵʬһ
뵽ЩʬĲ״۵һӾſˡ
һʯǧˣԭЩݵһӿˣǾͶһһģ˶
ǲ̤ǵĵ̣ǶĴвġ
һûվֱƵڵأ޾һ࣬ȫ˵ԼƵƣŵľȥ쿴ûʲôˡ
Ѫ䵽޲԰׵ϣѪζǼһ㷴Ӧ
ܳµſۣͿڿޣһſҵɢͷ
Ҫˣ궼ѾˣǵΪѹǲ֪šءһ죬ȥǾͶһѪ⡣
̧ȥᣬ֪ôᣬôꡣ

 56 

ǸǿŮ, ֮ǰٻޡ
֪޼£ٺܶʱ, ȥ⡣
ھһͬһ㽫סΪ̫õֻҪһ뵽ʧȥ, ͻ綼ڰȥ
ֹ¶ôЩ꣬һȫȫȥչһˣһλΪһ룬ҲǵһθܵŮ¶Ķ
õ, ֪, ֻҪڣõδǰ
ںֻҪš
, Ŭ, ʲô, һձһղҲʱΧ£˾Ϣ
Դֶ˿ûоη֮ģ˿ǹػɱһֻʲôĶǵһֻСޣһ졣
ֻ֪, ȥ, ֻܶ
Ӳʲôֵȥµģһֱһˣûʲôʧȥ, ʹɱ̫бӦҲһ˵顣
ȴΪ޵ĵ͸ܵ˺¡
ЩȴĵıӦҲһֱΪõޣܵҸȴҲսʧȥҸıӦ
ٷԣʼϵݷ𣬿ȴ˿ûô޵Բת
ԼһҲ޾еڻҷɣעֻһжԼε뷨ҲЩ޴ڵУһ塣
ʱؿţӴƵĵƽļǿҲڣ˿Ǽġ
޴û޳ӣһֱһûûΡǿС
ЦȴҲûҲ˺ѷεĿޡ
룬ãһ֣һֻЦŮӣΪˡ
ھòУͺʹʹ
ᵽ˸δܹУҲѧ˺¡
ϡͿľͬ˽ף֪δȴʲôӲηǸʱһľҪܳ٣ħѡ
ḻۿʲôⶼ˸뷨ҲͿʼãʹࡢһɡ
һʱûѡܳٶ֣ǻصħ磬ŸҪɱħΪĸױġ
ȴһأͼħ龫ԪһĻ
һϮɫۣͨ͸ĴУоͱʬ壬ʹ۽ȼžУͽǶһˡ
иǷ
һħĹײ˼СŮһšħŭɱħ𣬻Żħ
ʲôȥΪɱģ⴫ȴҲûʲôë
ֻǺڻض·ϣȴ̫ûɱ˼ѪڶӿʳѪٶȡ
һ˷䣬ʱͼ
һƤϸŮӣģһݵζҲᣬιķ磬Ļġ
ָͷϸȣ°Ϊιˮʱ͸оһ顣
̽ؿ۾۾ںģȴĹˡ
ûֻһۣͿͷƯѿڶ:Ư
Ϳӿʼ÷ۺ죬۾˲ˮ
㣬㣬˵ʲôأåô
ͺˣԣǺߣеҡ
ŮһǺʱʹŵˡ
ûס̧ȥ
ձͺݣͱþɰһһ˿¶žǻȽ̾ĴУָ⴫ݻؿڣӼ¶ĳۡ
뵽֮ǰĴ㡪ҪһŮӣһףһġ
ͰԵ:һ¡
ȴһȭͷȥ

޿ԸܵԼʱ޶ˣʼ̳꣬죬ȴȲᡪ
һʮ꣬ʹࡢ־壬ǻ䣬öգƲڹ
͸֧壬ֵ֪Ķ⡣
Ҫ˵ŪôûͿ
ߣͲ͸֧
ǶûУŪһ¶ȴ֮ʣһעץĹ⣬ڰ
ú
͹࣬СӾ͹§סĲŴͷ
ãȴһۿصѪĿĵĺֱֱӳ۵ףûٿ飬Ĩ˰:ݸ磬ȥ󺣡
˵žԼȻȥޡ
Ϊ֮ͷŮŮ㿴˵һԸ
ɽһĴ˵޸߹ֻϺзûʲôʵԸŮǲӦ
ץһһ㣬һֱֵܼİϺ֮
ޱ峿ҲƶλεһƬףŵϵһƬ죬ᶨͨ󺣵ӡ
ͬʱҲ˸ʱĽֵȥǹһƬš
޵νԶȥܳץȴ˿ɣ:¡
ôˣ
ܳپͿڵ۾дڣһЩע͸ı:ħˡǸŮҲǡ
ܳڱȴ֪䲻ذȴҲΨѪͨˡ
Ǻǣֺ޸һֿõעĺޣҪ
ܸܵıˣҲܸܵĴ
ϣһ̵ʹ࣬ͻ§סԼȥů
ǵһͨ޼䡣

ͬʱҲڴϺ֮
ĴɽŮΡĸɽͦεıգҲһ޼ʵԭ
Ψû
ûĽʯûŹȴִŵȵζҲûѩ׵˻ӿ׳
֮н׵ĺԶʣһҪ롣
ʱ󺣻ûǳ߾¶ƬƬɫĽʯϸ˻һһĹǴ󺣵ૡ
Ц΢ͷޣ԰׵Ƥ°ŵԼɫѾ˵Ľ˵:ݸ硣
˵Ůˮ㣬Ƹ裬ữ飬ΰٲ
ŮһԾġ
޾ʹͷȥŮӨ׵Ƥ֮ϸ˲ϸܵˮ飬һվԵùˡ
ںںڵģʱоֻֻű鲼ĳ
ЩڵŤͷȥ˵ȴû˵纣Ƹ裬ữֻϺһ壬ǿΰٲֻȴܽĶ
ԼЬӣȻְѥӣ˾Űϸɳӣһһһ鰶߱˻ŵĽʯ
ضɳ̲ϾвСзССһֻ޹Ҫһӡ
ߵ˽ʯ֮ϣ¡
ɢ͹һ齸ʯţ۾ŰУǰСﶯ
ʹͳһ׼õʯʯڿݲƽʯϣѰ˸Ƚƽĵؿ飬ͻһֵͼڡ
ͼڻ꣬޲ϳһβˣһββˡ
֮󣬾ִӻͳһ͸ˮӣԲ飬ǲûĹ
ͽӷŵβͼ֮ϣͻԼƣʺҺһεȾӣȾͼڡ
һкͿʼĿ䣬Ҳ䣬һֵĵĸҥ
һձϣԭƽĴ󺣾ͿʼӿĲΣ˻ҲӼҵĴʱͽ˳
ֱãǺˣ˻ȥ˺УȻûл
ˣֻʣһѲд棬һѣץס:ءȥ
ȴᶨҡҡͷ:˵Ů˳֡
޻˵Щʲôͼ췭˾޴˻һ£ӿ˻ͺݺϣʱͽʶɢȥ
һߣԺͬܳٿŸɹոհһĹʶһôȴͻȻܵٻͲƵرϺǣߡ
±ƵرͷЮھ޴˻лԭ޷Լ壬Ǿͱ˻ĵ˽ʯϡ
ͷĵ߻أָʶͼԼһʮֲŵſ˽ʯϡ
һְסʯһĨȥͷո˾үͶһ˫ŮǾ
ŮͿ˿:ٻŮ𣿡
:ǣٻģ
ǣһβҲһСС˵ٻٻ˵ģ
ǣãô죿
ǣ˰ѻ                        
лҪ˵޵Ĺµġ
κٲʵ벻ˡֻˡ

 57 

ǰƳ, Ťһŵơ˳ǣѰ˼, ѾҲû˰˭
ҽӲĵ˵ͷ
Ҳû˵лٻһ˵ԭҲûа, ˡ
Щϲæˣͳ:ŮϣܷŮһݡ
ͽס, 궿, ôһͨһСС˵ԸﲻǿǶ˶ˡ
ͼ:ԣϺŮ, һ
ŮҪ֮, Ů, ֻǡ
˵һ˫ںڵ۾ͱؿίڵصޣ˳
Ҳ˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻĿⲻǰ㣬һ۾Ϳǰܵ˼ꡣ
ȻһܵƤңѪѾױ, ŵȫǶħ, Щ鲼ȫĶҲ̰˱ꡣ
ǿŶúۣζһȰܡ
Ͷϣ:Ů, ܾһ
ôһ۾͵һɣɫЩѡ
ؿǶ˴ˡ
Ȳˡ
˵ͷѪоаãɣ嶼Ѿưܳ⸱ˣʹаҲ˰
һŮѣǵʱͿʼؿͷһһʵʵڵģͷʱͿƤʳʺѪѪʹ׾Ƥʪ
ȻȴƲ֪һ㣬Ծһ߰һ߿ͷ
ܵһָͽס漴ֿ˿ޣ̾ؿڱŵ
ǻǶ˵β˵Ĵ˵˵ֻβ˵飬ſԳ׵ȫȫӾһа
Ǿþ״ҲֻǸһˡ
Ϳˣţֻβ
ʱͻȻ뵽һʼǾ:
ٻң
ԣҲŮΪλʣָָϵβͼڡ
˵ղ˹ˣͼھڽʯһ㣬ɫ޺죬ʮ˿δܴӰ졣
Ůµķӡ
˵Ϻ֮Ůͼڻڽʯ֮ϣѪΪýĳ֮Ůģ̤˶
:ǣôôйͨ飿
:飿
ָָͼǿ͸ӣȴҲЩص˵ۡӷ֮ǰİ޹⣬ıˮһ壬ָЩˣ
˵:Ů
һֱһ֮ڣվɳȴʱ͸ˡˮһϴҲǻָЩ󡣡
߿νͼڣһͼھӡβ˸еӣӦǹϵͬеһĽף
ͼֻɨһۣȴȫԵǿˡ
˵˳δϴɾģɾҲ͸
飬һȴˮһ㣬֮ǰͬչʾβ˵顣
Ȼ:飬Ӻε
ͺܳʵҡҡͷص:Ů֪
ӷŮм俪ʼһֱãǰ˵Ӧһֱˡ
ĬˣٻģӦϹˡ
һ;ԼڰȻ֪βΪС
ɣܳҲͬҪ
ֻҪö飬ܳپҲóħ֮ʹ
ǵҲʱͻβ
˵ββһѶȵĻǴβͻβһǵѶȡ
أ޾ᣬһĻĻĶܳħʱģ
ſ޲ȴʵ:Ů
ܾȾݸ磿
ŮŮԸ⸶һС
ֿޣڻһƾֻ꣬Ҫʱ飬ɵڵĶԼ˵岻ˣֻҪƾڣͶֻ̥أʲô¶ˡ
һֿһġ
ֿ
С峺ȴӣд˳ܳħʱ
һ٣ǿʹͼ֮ϻƮС
ָ飬ӿ˿˿ƴˮͽ֮еĳ
ľӨ͸һˮҲһǡ
ͽƻǰûҲû飬ȴͶޣ䵭:ҪעҪʧȥ
Ȼ:ŮŮʲô˼
˵:ĶаԼУͬʱҲᷴ塣
ڣѾǰܵ˼£ȫһƾ֧š
㲻飬ôһƾҲᱻԹ⣬ʱͳ׵׵Ĵʧ˸ɾ
ԵӾڵĶû˶֧ţͻһƾֻأҪ˼ܳ׻ָ
ֻǣʱ
˵ʱһжδģǷˣҲڷ䣬ǿҲҲ
ûȥץ飬ԥͽ޿С
°Ů˵ֻһƾ֧ţŮ˵һֱ̳ľ꣬ˣˣȲҪô찡
ûٶ˵ǷˣȻֻһк˽⣬ʲôҲѡ
屬һҫ۰ɫâǹâĽħëȥģһƺ߰ľꡣ
ڵı鲼ȫѪͿʼָͬѰǳǳɫ硣
ֻȴƤĲ԰ס
ڻУָɫһЦһţҵϣһֱϢ
ֱȥһ̶ûͬ˵һ仰ˡ
Ϊ޲Ƿˣ곹ʱҲ֮ɳ
ЦЦűͽˣΣһһµĴŽʯ׵˻
ڵϣ˫ĽɳĴĿĵĺŲߵ飬ʮǱʮᡣ
ҲúѹĿھ͵šԼĹֿʹڱ˵Ĺֻͬű緢
ںˮ˳һǿһˣӿأɳȫȻ󺣡
˵һԵһ˽һͷɬĺˮУڣץŵǵɳҲױˮߡ
ֱϰްһĺƷɽȵ:𣿡
͵˵ͷ
ãֻҪžͺá˵ȴͷЩʧ:£һ
о߬һ顣
ǷΪµһᡣ
͵УޣǱ鳤þõĻš
ǷˣԶ
һδʧȥһδεõʹѭ
о˳ȥٻصСԺʱͿܳԾɶӡ
Ѿ˺üСˣÿﶼúõһٿš
ıͷһӾˣ˵УĲӣ:£㶼һ㲻ңҲˣ
ܳپЦ˿ӲڣȻסĽǿƵС
Ҫ˾ôȥǿ黯ˮҲһ̲ˮ
ϣſĶߣ˵˵ʱ˵Ļ:¡
ɱ
ħҲǡ
ղ޵ļ￴ˡ
ܳûӻӡ
Ҳˣļ
ĺܰˡ
ϡֻҪֻҪб˴ˡ͹ˡ
ʲôҪˡ
һᣬԹ˹ӣһ̫ͷˣǾֳȥ緹
ԱصҺҪʼˡ
ܳ߬
εĿȷʵǱ֮ǰЩղˣ˿۾ˮίƵġ
:
ܳپίͰ͵ص˵ͷ
͹ǣ˵:ǺðȡԣԺʹʱҾһʹ
ЦƵļ仰ȴܳһСĲôȥʹࣿ
ڱصõһľûһ꣬ˣȻв
֪᲻ýһ̵ʹ࣬Ȼв
һͳȥûľһ͡ãΣգ
ܵΣҪӣˣһͽԼק˻У࣬͵͵˵:㲻ԡ
̵Ϣܰͷϣ¾˼ƤԲĿ߯࣬ʲôйŮʲôɲһʲôԸĨ
ͺô̼
ڿɲ̼
תȥ˳˳ë
ȴԵԱ˵ԼǾܸĻᣬڻУȻһͷҧסһ⣬ϸϸĥʪȵͷʱʱһ¡
:ըˣ
վĪеһϲµľأֲ࣬һ
ǣأôҧˣ
ܳҧ˺һͣ¾ȥͷʪʪģƵ:ǳװɡʵ̫õˣõһУȫȫԼ
:ǡˣ
ûдӦ飬һִС˵Ůܾ̫⣬һһûʽС
ת˫գָĦţ˵:¡
鲻á
𣿡

ܳ˼βŽ˿գֿʼ˵ҩ
Ϊۣ͸һειһҩȻõ÷ϣ²ԡ
ܳ˼һġܶεͬè˺ܶ࣬û
ͷ˳ʲô
ܳûע⣬һܿͳˣҹɫ˸Ƿͱһ̹Ӷ׵档
˯ΪȻҲ˯رϲԹӣϲڴڵĳԣǣ͸ˡ
ܳм͸һ¯
ܳٱǺذŹӶأ˭뵽һܽʱľͻúƽͰ˵ˣ˯
־ԲԼ˯Ŭ˦ͷŰĹ
ʱһһĹܳپһµͷ˯һ˯ͻָ˵ѣ˦˦ͷ˯
СģһֻԼԼè
һ굤ͿִܳŴСģʱĲ񻰡
ԭüǺŨ޵ģʱȴůյ˼֣Ե忡
΢˫ۣëֳŨţ͸һСһӵͷ
һ˯úˣͷʹȥȻӾͿʼһΡϾάŰӵĶȴûԣֻſſ
ЦòУ¯Ӿ˹ȥ
˵ڵء
ܳٳһۿ˵һͼŴ조ءһڣҧϡ
ܳ:
ĵЦ׵ѩ񻨼:£ÿɰһڳԵ㡣
ܳ:ɰ
裡Ե裡                        
лҪ˵שһգ㿴õĽ֣תģֻҪʱ߶ô꣬ǱǴԲԲԣ
ͲдˡСɰ뿴Ļдһ·ɡʵĳǲϲдġ

 58 

ʮ, ĴҹĺǴ̹ǵĺιƵĺ, ϣЯŴ󺣵ζһĶ¡
, ҹܳҹʱںߵϲ
һȻΪܳٿ϶ˡΪ˽, ˸˵ķ, ˸ŵױݣ˼ᡢĵȹ
ȹƯĵ, ǷĶ, ֱ, 磡
˵壬ɾôɵվ޺磬ǸŮҲܲˡ
㣬վʪĺ̲, ĺˮʱʱˢСɵ, ϸɳӳһűֻĻϲδʲô졣
ֱںվʱ, ˶紵͸ˣǴӦܳȴûг֡ӰӶûУ
Щˣ˵һ㲻ģĻϣ
վıֱһڴҸɵģ
һ㣬ֻҪܸܵҪһʲôأ
ɽأ
춼Ҫˣûг֣
Ļϲͱʧ䣬ȻЩԹԹɱ˼ңȴԺһƬžܳԵĲڡ
Сӡ
òУҲԼҲؼҵĹȥҲû룬ܻ˺̲
ϻڣϵĹȻڡ
վЩˣʹǬ̫Σ棬Ȼ˴ӣԼʵ
ʱ˵ʲôģأ
һɫ֣ҹеĺ磬ͱۣЩ˯
ȴͻȻһξңң¹ĺں棬ͻͻͣ
ܳٲ˰ɣ
Ѳħˣ
ԲʧԼ
뵽һû£һ뵽ﻹסͶ±ӣΣյɢʶȥѰҡ
ʶĿصչޱ޼ʵĺ棬ȺȺĴׯ಻Ⱥɽȴûܳ١
أȴͻԶûƽɫˮʼӿΣŷĲΣ㺿˸裬սޡ
žһֻޱ߼ʵĺ棬ͨɢűҫ۵Ļâ
;޴βƮݣϾͶǡ
ֻ죬ֹ죬ѾĻأ
Ѿģͽˣ
ûʶûôҵܡֻŻű¹⣬Ȼͽ׵¹⻯һشػµ˺
ͿʼĬĬ²ۣǣٵģǻ磬ɶأϨˣ
Ȼһʹͼ淭ڱ̲֮ϣܳµĻԽ࣬ǴƬͳ˻𺣡˹ƵϣڰһԴԵȼš
ýۿŻ˹˸ݵؾӵ˺Ʋλá
ٻͷһ̫ζޱȴһзŹ̡
ʱ͹ȵķ磬Я˵һĿζ
ӣ󺣡ö
˿ҲܳڸʲôҿܳǿʢҲԿҲöˡ
˵ʵǲȷԼȥܸˮյ̣˵ȥˣҲˮ㡣
̹ȻȰɣܳٹ
£ܿˣܳڲ»Զĺ֮һƬǽ壬ȫ
һսձϣֳԶԶһۿۿһʪ;ֱȥ
ԭش˸Ƿſ˫ۻӭ˹ȥ§УϹ̵̹¶˿ϷĴݵϡ
:
ܳپίˣһĳһί˵:
Ǻġ
Ƕ˵㶼գҾŸƬա
ǣϰҪЩ·ʱȴ
ҾͶ࿴ۣͷֶѡ
һ룬˰Ҿ͵ȥæ
û뵽һæһޡ
ߣһ͵ͷһǳͫͦͦıɫ޺촽κÿͣвɵһ̧֣Ὣϵͷ
Ǹ˳ģħ廹ĺˮ壬Ҫ׶õøĸףȫ
ҪǾ͵Ƚ
֪ãʹħҲͿôɨδһ谭
;˳Ǿ͵õ˸ĸףǲ˳ֻȫ
ܲһίͰ͵Сˣ벻һȻܰ𻯡
ŵҩУմմͷĺ飬ת:ۣ¡

۲ۣ
ܳһûжǶʱĲУؾͰͷļҡͷ:ۡ
²˾͹ϣڱܵסĲ˫ȾͲ
һϰͼô˼һĻͱӣϻšˡ
ͻȻһһ
ⲻ԰ⲻһµĹŮ

˳ǴϺ֮ϣһƬĵĺ磬鲼ɺȺӵĴС
߬ܳٵ֣ԼΪѹܳһֱһüۣԵĵӲЦź:£û¶ġ
ҵ˺ܺõģϲġ
ܳپְͰͿһۣûĵĵ˵ͷ
Ŀھһػһ˲ĸͱһ˺ͳŮ֮սۻδʼ޷˵վ˳ŮӪ˳Ůȫʤ
Ǳϵҽܳһίôˣ
ͷʱֿһĻ͡ȿȡɫƵصܳ٣˼ǣСӣһ¾ͰһٶĹݵˣɸҵңл˵
ܳټɫļһ˱ܡ
ͦǰ:
ˣ¸ոտǾһҲأ
Ȼлɽܣ
ľˡ
뵽ᰣŮΪһĳСһˣʹģ׻οĿĴŮҲסˡ
սкܶҪŴýͷöҪȥͬǩս⳥Э飬ҲǩͣսЭ飬ܳٵ¶Ȼóŷš
ɲСӽڵĻͬŮԾͼٽ˸д֮ܳٴ˩ߣǲͬ档
Դÿֻǧ۸ܳȥ
ܳٶԴøദʱԽаϲ˵ʱᣬԼͽ
ص˴һһǣĵ壬հ
ܳǱߵСȴʵúܣܳȥ̸֮ܳ
̸˱һ븻ĵĺ򣬻⳥һʧʯ鱴һ˳Ҳ嵽˱
Ǽֱֿ˻ʮֿΪмıصŮϻһĮݣһġȢŮ±˵ɵ
ܳٿɲͬƽȢͻ᳹׵ֻһˡԣϣܶսʱһĨʱҲģھԼ׾ͽŮ
ս鳹״ϡܳӱǸ죬뺣׵͸һɺУβͼżֻ㡣
˫Ŀֱź:ɴǣһˣ
ǾƮ࣬µС벻ͣػˮָͷ:عСһ
ֻ޿飬Щش󺰳:Һ
Ҳøû۸
Ǽ¿Ǻܿɰܿɰģ۸ҲֻĬۡ
Ǿɻ:˵ĿֻĴ񣿡
͵һ:ʲôǻ
ǾƸĿ:ۣǰǿɶǵŶˣ˵ħεħ𰡣ģŲᱻ۸أ
ȻˣеŮ˶äĿھ״̬˸Ʋſţһ:Ų
:Ҿ㲻
äĿûảǣ˿˼ܳٵʹﵽ˿ǰǿң뱧жôô
ϾϺĴΪܳǰһӡҲÿһԼ
Ϊ˿Լ˼Ϳʼר˵ҩ
ʱȥãһҩ¯˵͸æץһƿҩ
Ϊ̫ƵԵʣǾѪյտĵ񲹣ˡ
Ĵܿտֻסһˣ⺢ϲʱ˯ʱ˯ͷ
һֻûͷûԵĺǻʲôΣգһжȥ
ⲻֲﵽȥټķһˣյЩˡ
ҩоβ޸ŷĵ˱Ǵ˯˾
ȻֻҪһͣͷĻͻܳ٣뵽ҹ£ɵ׻ڱǴİǿߡ
һܳҲͬϵ˳ǣȻѾҹã˳ǾһƬƻԻͣ֡
ص˹ҲܳȥϢ̸ġ
ҹ͵Ĺӳɵӣһ˫絶̵üëȴͶܳʱ֡
ֱ׼Ļͷ෴һͦعŮˡǰСϲģҲһȫ
伫ӣȴںŮĳŲǺγȢǶү
ǰ˲ͬϲϣԼŮȴħħ
϶ͷƵȻܳٿʱһ޺ģ֪ǵˡ仰˵޸ʲôίۣҲֲ
Сӣ
Ȼ꣬ȴܳʱҲƿˡ
ֻĿİ˵˾:˲ٹϵĴ˵
ܳаһյ⻰ξһĬƬ̣Ŀ                        
лҪ˵ĳָһ㡣᲻Զ

 59 

ҵĳѡġʱ, ܳɢƾģͫ, ͵ҹĹâҲӳȥ
Ȼǣʲô˼ʲô˼ҪˣΪһ֮ĳѡ, Ҿ͸ùԹʶȤŮ
ܳȴ˵:ǵδȴǿѡġ
:ˣž˼ˣˡ
Ұ
ҵ
ΪˣԸħ罭ɽΪƸ
è˵, ҪȢļϵ, ͱó⡣ʲôǳ⣿˲׵õĶ
ܳһӵе̫̫٣ħء
Ȼ⻰һȴŵòᡪǣû뵽, ˼ǾԼ߯, ²ƿħŮ, һӸء
⡭
µһϮ£ݣҲǷʮ߰ģȴĿ
ͬʱֺܸӣǧ˶Щ͸纮̶
ֻʱ, ǽЩѹȾ, Ҳܵ˳ᶨ
Ƕ֮վͺܳأ㲻̸ʲôŮ֮£ʲôҹ¡
¶, δŮǰħħǰΪ¶ӣ:˵ЦˣҲ˵ħ罭ɽΪƸֲʵ˵СŮˣԽȴǸĺŮӡ
Ȼ⻰û˵꣬ܳپһѽ߬촷ۡ;ȻܳҲͬĿȴǼȺģڱŭԵԱ:õġҴûҪõˡҵġûʸ˵һ䲻á
:
ǣӹŮȻãӾǫһ£ôŻӣ
ܳ˵ãȻϼһﲻǸϧϼһȻʱҲὫڶվ
ܳһ뵽һһʹȻͶ˵֮ġʱֻصʲô⣬϶˳ǣһǵ˶ᡣ
ҲٸʲôȦˣһѾ׳:עҵŮˡ
Ҳעħħ
ҪסϺס壬þǹԹԵҵˡ
ȴûˣȻƬ̣ͷӦ˹Ҳ:˵أ
ĴĻҲδ
˵Ҫ
˳ǣ
ܳûӦֻӰȡ¼ֻ˱ͦţڰ⣬任״Сλá
ҵģҲģҵһжġ
ħħô͵ӵħҲֱӵӵħܡ
Ǵˡ
Ȼеϵ
üȻǶħζʲôǣ׹ŮħܳħǸǶ⣡
ĽһҸȨһעӣ
֮ǰҪͬΪǽ֪֪ף˭Ҳʲô÷εУġʹ淢ǶǸ.УҲ㹻ȥֻع
ǰȴħ֮Ķ֣ҲܴССɱħ磬ηģ
μ仯ܳټ˵:ĿǰѾ׳֦ʱǱ磬ΪССһжѣ
ߣʹ壬Ҳʱʲô
ֻ޸ңõѡ
ʱ类˵ҲɵħӶ׶Ϻ
ʹ綫ϺѣֻҪܳڣ;ܽǵóѡ
ԡ
ֻңܸҸ
ҲֻңܸϺδ
еĶѾΧ״˵ͿʱȻ˵ʮֽš
˷ֶŰȻĴԹͬϵã˵׼Ч塣ϺǸĹɶõĺõطǿѶȲߣȻѰͷԿ֮֮¡
飬Ѽʶ̫̫ࡣ
ȴҲӴ£ʱɱɽһ壬һѪʮ߸ҹҹ·̣ɽֻ̣Žһͬ˽ϣͽĨȥͬ졣
ʹľᣬһȫδһҸ
Ҫţǰ꣬ħܸȥҸ
Ҷˣ˵ıȻ˽⣬ܰã
嶯¶İȥħָù
ܳٿüʵǲ˵İ˶Ƕһ˷
ҳȥˣͬ⽫޸ǾĪˡ
Ծ͵:ҹˣϺЪϢɡ
˵ͷȥͦðֱ·Ĳȴִܲ١
:ǣϵģһͨƼգ˯
ǣѾҪȥӸ㰲޹ߣ
ȴͻȻһңֱãС²ȥˣ
˸ܳ٣Ǵȥ빫Զ޹
ȴܳٶ߯죬ֻ˸ʱһӷ˴žһ硣
кܰȵһݵĵ㣬ܳٹܵϵĵѹ˲䶼ͣŬŹ
ܳײţһƬյֻг겻ҹɢ΢͵Ĺ
ȱԭǽŵģȴҲΪܵϢ˰Ļ˿ڣ˽ȥͿǸ˯񾲡˼ҹ
С˯Ǽģ˯ҲɣֻȫΪ˵ҩ˿ڻ޸š
ܳãΪҩˣмɬûãҪΪԼ͵Ѫһ
ǿļϣĬĬһ˯գʹһɫĵԪ
ǵԪâʮǿģһòǵ֮ȻˣҲȷʵţܳٴӶ顣
֮Ϊ壬Ϊȫ嶼ɴԴڻ׶Σȴȫһ
һλ棬Ǳˣֻ򺣣ȴܳٺϧι
ǿգܳپͽԼʶŽľԪ˽Ȼһ˽ȥ
һ˯һ£ͷԼˣ
ؾȻﵽβԲͲһͻƾҪβˡ
:ʲôһˣ
ԸоԼ߯ڷ棬浽ʮβҲˣû

Щע⵽߻һˣͲͷȥ
˲٣ʱԣֳԴڿɵĳţ¶𪾫µǡ
ȥͼǹĿŨڵ飬ö:Һ㡭
˵žűӽӵڻУüģֽ§ס
˯һ£һַ̫̫顣
˶סħȺĻħƻ󣬾ٱгħѡ
ιڶյ飬Ὣ˯еһһ飬ųħ磬ѹ
ʬɽѪһ£ˣ·ʮǳְźħĴСһƣδЪʹҴҸϺ
ʱɱ¾ûȫɢ˶˲ҿҲһɵס
˵˼һ£˵Զ㰮Ҳħֻ֮һλħֻҪԶãʹˣҲ˰ίͬ⽫޸
ܳһ̾ЦãɢһڳǰЦüۣЦЦѡ
ĶҪͳˣ˿еˡ
׵ס˳ˡ
ʱո˯ѣĿⱾЩɣȴڱǼܳϤ˰ĵζ˲ָ
ͳ˹ȥ˵ѹϣ˫ҿ쳣ϸÿһͷ˿һ飬ȷȻܳٺ˿ʵ:ͷû۸ɣ
۸ɲҪţ˵㡣ͻЦ˵Ĳô˳Ľ㡣
ܳûĻЦͳãûд𻰡
÷飬ҪͱԵذº󾱣Ĵ
һǵüԵһͷǣҧԼҲ֡
ܵһ飬üۣıϤȰģоͿʼᣬе޵ĳ嶯
Ϊϲκ˵ġ
ڣôôϲ
ϲеģϲ
ϲеίۡ

 60 

ȫû˳, ΪܳһȷѪɱȴܳپ, ǱϵȻͬǳˣ
ʱܳϣôһ˵͹סĲӺ, ܲ˼鿴:ͬǳףʲôڶͻβʱľ飬˫۶ð⣡ô׵ؽһű޳ȥ
Ϻδ
ܳپذ˿žӨ͸ĺ״Ʋ:ϲҡҲϲҡ
ζи𣬱һҧ, ͳ˿ǻ, ĽŹӣе㲻š
Ϊʲô鶼װⲻѧǹ⻷û˳ģ
ҡҡͷ, ƶ:, ϶ʲô
ܳһ⻰, ͰڳһŴСģڵ۾ǣַ;Ϳʼ˱Թ:Ҿôϲ𣿡
СģײײĵףЩ޻˵
Ϊʲôкӿôɰ
, Һð
ͷιһȺȺӵС, Сֻаôͨ͸, Ƥȴչ⣬ó߲ɫ
ҡʯ˸
߾ͣܳϣÿ״ĴУζ
ĺ󾱣ԼĴ
͡ǴִֵûָͷĶ̸첲ͲʲԸָָܳ:ȥһˡ

һսջķᣬдϲգǶҪȥ߱Сӡ
ܳٳĻСΣţйн֣˹
۷׷ףǽн˭ͨĴ
һǹĽǸһݣԾ˽ֵ੿ܳٵĺá
ȻģͬʱҲԺĲǱ˰ܳ٣
ԱĽֵ֣˹зԵù䣬ǣܳٲ
ܳһħ𣬿˳ǣҪ˳ǵģȻǱСһҪġ
ܳٲʲô뱰ֻҪȢʲôں
ͶյСüأҲĥ
ʵûţϾҲܳ˵ͬǵ¶ھ淸ֹʵΣǵĻΪܳ١
һֲ˲ԣ˴¶ϺһͬģڴԼǸףҪʱȴڣ
ͷ˲յ˾:֪˷ٶǰΪ£
ĸΪβڣ
ԾͿ˿ֲ֪࣬뵽ʲôüѹ˼:ֻһ䣬İĽܳ٣
˽ȫ
ɻڣ
Ҫ룬֮£ɲܶϷ
һԤǳ¶һӵʻһ룬ֽ˽߬ܳٵ֣:ظİܳ١
Ҳ˱Ҹ˽
ֻҪͬһΣҲڡ
˵껰Ͳȥܳ٣ܳٵȴһֱϵģһЦݡ
úÿһЦᶨ
ĺܰ
ħǵҲԸһͬȥ
ϵ˵ˣǵɡ
˵ڶʶʱ޲øԼӡ
ڲˡ
ǻమţίϺħ磬¶硣
һжõģ
žͿܳ٣֮ǰͽ̸ˣԺܶ໰ٵ˵һ顣
߶ϵһ˲䣬ͨ˵ͷ
Ƽˣֱᡪ
ǣôĬʲô˼汳ôã
һͼŮһ͸篾͵˴
µ૵Ÿҥĸ֮Ͼͳֳ˽ɫף
ѪΪīԼĴ
ֿףҲϣԶ޻Լѡ񡣡
˵꾹Ȼۿ˿ܳ٣˾:պ˭ޣ˭ĸףϵʲôΡ
ϺԶļҡ
ֻҪֻҪίǴϸȫҲ㣬ֻع
Խģ׵ȻǵıҪֻ࣬ں飬ȴ뵽δֽ֡
ͻȻñͷᣬŻ󣬿üۼ価ǿŵ̬ᡣ
֮ǰδԼĸףǣһ̣ͻȻʶǰԼġ
ԭİ
ܣҲء
׵غˣ֪˿վǰĸףҲᶨվΪҵħħ˵Ļ
ҧ˵ͷ
Լֺ̲סˣȥסįͷ
ߣɬƵĿǻ˵:лл㡣
ıǿаۿˮ˻ȥ
һҪףҪϣҪһúƳԼߡ
ܳԼ֣֪δˣǰˡ
һҾ
ĸлĳȫǵమõףź
ˣףʽɡ
ܳӦҪϺֶС£Ŵͣظȥ˼֮ء
ĸף͸ȫֻеõĳȫ˳ޡ
ͬǹϣף
ʱܳٲϣºķգš
ܳȴ䵱ģһֱֱȥٴԽ˲ƺ
ȻһѾ§סЦ:£Ҿúòʵ
ΪʲôоҸ
ϼѤãȴȲܳ٣һҲȲϡ
ܳһ߷ɣһɵЦ:һỤһȫͰĵļ޸Ұɣ
ЦŨŨҸɢƺл㱼׵Ʋʾӳ˷ۺϼ⡣
Ǽ֮ء
ǳȫʥء
ںŲϼУ̫ｵ䡣
ܳͬһ䣬յһԵףСµϲǡ
:⣬û׼ϲǡ
Цݵף:ϲǰףǳþã
һСɽʿһոµԵϲӳһҸЦӯӯģͬף:лףмҲһҸģ
ӦˣǸ󣬾ͼַɻɽ硣
һĨҫ۵ĺ촩һƬʥ׵ƺУһжá
ܳĬĬǣ֣ʮָӵĿᶨֱ顣
ǲ̤Ʋ㣬ǰ߳ĺۼһһƲ
һѵõһ죬һҪܡ
ߵһ룬˼룬ȴͻȻ뵽һ⣬Ųһ٣ܳ١
ܳﶼǺ˿أһɣˣĶҪɤ:ôˣ
ĹĵСģȴȷűϲǻҪ:˵أ
Ͱƭˣ
ӦҵҲûң
ܳôһ˵ͳ׾ˣҸһˡ
Ҫ
֤ɲǿȣֻҪԸ⣬;ȫǾԶ˳ġ
ֻ붺ǼԭŶŵһСۼĽű˾ţͻȻͺˡ
֣߬۾ص˵:ԡԺ󲹸ң𣿡
ܳһ˲ˣӦǰס˫۲֫Ҫൽ
һͼߣǽ׵ţȴͻȻ˴Ů:⣬ûµģǲһʱǣ޾¡
ǰ͹ճӰ񣬲Ⱦ˳ǹ£˫Ůݣޡ
žһˣǱŮ⡢سϡ
ɵø̾ȻǱˣûŮĲ㣬һ֮ӾȻôʹԲˣ
˼ⲻ˶䣬ܳͬͽ˺Զһ˿سϣŮдϸ֮ˣҲ˽ˣͶãҲͬĵһ
سûȻˣ˼άʽϲöһģһһǱܵܵˣûأ˾ͺõĸһһˡ
ͬܳȴûô졣
ս˾Сս£ȻǹϺһ¡
Ҳȷܳϣ۾ηħٳٲԸҲ᲻öϺͳȨ
ƵƵ飬ҪѰһҽŷͷ
Ǿսǳ
ⲻòӡ
Ѱ죬Ըκ˺ĵܵܣʱпܣ˺ˣԼ
ܳڲͬˣȻֻһ꣬ȴħϺļΣѹ
⿴ӻûгȥθߴȴ
̾̾:һȰ˵ۣϺ
ܳٶĿһᣬ⼸ӿ֪˼ʲô
þõòĻӦߣȴܳͻȻס
һ:磬лл㡭
̫̫ллҪ˵ȴʲô˵ڡ
ȻȴӦһˡ
ȴͬسϧȻֻͬʶһضȴ֪Ϊǹ⻷ԭ򣬻Ϊ˽Ծеԭ֮Ǿʶõѡ
ֱܳǣƲȥڣһƬŴӵ֮£Ǽν
һ޸֦Ҷïʢ֮ŵһöͺͺĵ
ͬܳ˽ûס͡һЦ˳
ǸС۵Ϊ˱һЦͽǵĻʮ꣬ԻТ
ʱȻ֮ǰسǾ仰޾¡
ħ˵ǸТġ
ܳٲˣһſšˢˢŻ⣬Ҫ졣
ЦŰ:£ǲǵһʮꡣ
ܳȴίͰͿûȫû˳ħһ
һһҲ롣
˵ȻֻһİȴƽĲȷˣԶҲǡ
˱ôʹۻϺȴһüͱһȺѹѹѻסȥ·
Ϊ׵ֳΣ˶
ܳٲƹߣͱסСȣ޴:ϣˣ͸»ȥɣûʵסħ簡
СѻǼ˾ˤһͷǣƤħ硢ɱϡײбŰĺħ
ܳپͲͷ˦˦:ȥˡ
̲һ
ܳħûʮأҲ˻ˣǶĶ裬һضҲûɡ
ʱһȺħǸǣһĽʲô
ȥ
ܳپһŽ߳Զۣԭͱһ߬ס
Ϳʼԭ:С£ȥħɣȥħòãҺȥħ簡
ܳٶȴûдӦҪ:ħʲôõģǻϺ
ħ粻á
սǧٿףһƬǽ塣ɽӣһվɵġңħȺħǸǾ캧أûа϶ŵ
ǲܳٵвֻôȥħ硣
ֻȴûȥħľ£ֱħħǽ֮ڡ
лҪ˵ȸһ¡Ż ŬŬ  һ  

 61 

ɽ, ǳٽħһƬ١
ֻܳٻصħ, ȴƻһˡǰͻȻͽˡ
ħǽԺͷѹֺ, Уѹַǳ
ͱٰܳħһԺ䣬װλľ
ܳ˼, ԺһءʢϺˮ, صϺɺ֮沨ҡڵĺݣϺеĵ㣬ʱԭ, ޴βһûһ, ŵĴų档
˫Ŀסĸǽ, :ˣ
⻰ȻǸʻԼָͷһʮָͷػص飬žʱ侹ȥʮꡣ
סı֮һ, ʮꡣ
ļأһֶֻˡ
Լĺˡƽ, ֻܳټ縺ħǵδȻƣ, ǾƲԺֵġ
ܳٵͬһȴžͿһ۰ɣԶԶһۣ㹻˼
ħĵ£ǸʱԶɡ
ʱֻܳħź䲻ʱҲǿħϺ߶ġ
ͷȤֻųʶʵʲôĵȤģСԻСŮȻԼԺзŸϢľżˣס·æֻͨͨ龵ܳ١
ʱڣרѹĽһһ㣬Ժտ˵źʵǼӵħûʮҲжʮˡ⻹ŵģŵҲж١
˵ʱǶеĽʬϷᳵ·ħһϷһڱ߽һС
Ǹ͵ӣֻСħǵģ˸ݣְСģᣬעĿҲױҽܵ
ӵؽƫɽҶûʲôܷ˼ҲƵģ̵ӣӦ
ⲻһգסõĺ־ӵϷžͿԿӵķòõ㻹ܿԶг־ԵĽ
ſžʹˣãܳپǴ
⴦СɽԳҲס˲ɽʿסĺ־ӵϰһʿϵҲǸζġ
һǳ⣬ĵ˷ʢһͺ͵èͷħ壬ȥ.Сֽơ
ãѰѶİѰӮԽӮԽ֣ԽӮԽį
ˣС°ûз
ر롣
žһ㣬νµĹǲ鷳ǽԼ̹
ھͲ̹ˡ
̸ôǳأƾʲôôԼ
¾ȳһĿҲð
ôһͶһŶ.ӮħʯһŤȥڵķ³ѡ
øԼҵӡ
ʱҹãƺأֵȴӪҵеķ³ǺỹһƬ
˴ķ³ͬеĲͬûиƽ֣ҲûйǵĹеľֻһһڣ˷.֮
һۣ˶յ䣬к˳˷³
į̤ҹɫҹ紵͸ҲѵԴ££½ƽһš
Ų뵽ħûжҲ԰ġ֤ܳûʹ࣬Ҳȴġ
³ͬ־м֣ͦһ·ȴûʹôȣλߡ
ԣɫһɫʹ⣬׵ҹմ졣
̧ͷȥŨҹɫʻһݻⱦΡ
ǽͷεħĸʢʨޣǱε׺żƯıʯǱʯҹɫɢĹâһᱡɴС
Ůòüβ΢΢ǸˣһĴֻ࣬ȴܲ:Ϻ
Ů˶УӸµ͸ɨ
ɨǲɫغЦһ°΢΢̧βȻ
ǸҲƳˣ
һģǸƲ磬ֻǣʵ벻
̬ܿȡ
ޱضһ̶ǡЦһЦúģ۵ӳǳǳ⻪ϸմɣ˵ţ˿ΪϵƲۡ
ǰԭһֻٿȻЩõİԣ˵ħ绨һ屾ħ綥ܵһ壬츳²˵ռҲʺµġ
ħң˶Ҫܳٵͬʱֻлһվ˳Ҫܳͬͬ
ʱħ绹ǺħڴܣǸжŻһˣǺܸԣһǡ
һܳٿνĹأؽħҲǳǮֳͿռȫ
ħ඼˽͸ģһʵΪ廹ǺټģԾţ˵ǻһħ裬ҲǸƯСһһⰮĽܳħ
뵽ֿ۽еСо𡪡
ѾģС̬ԽԽмۺ죡
Ǵţġ
ǻ裿
:ô̼
ǵĻ裿
ôһʣԵ¡Ȼһ㶲˭ϾһڷͷʢҲʵѰȵº͵Ŀ֮ͬܳһ޵⡣
ͬܳٿʱһı䡣
ԹŭܳټĿģ䣬˭ͬڿΪģܹĿѣĿ
ֱ͵͵һ˵ʱһͨ龵ĿǸʱͱº͡
Ĵ̽ǸܳٲħеνϺĴ֪ദమĹ̡
еˣģҪ
ֻʱֻʱ̫СҲ̫ڵӣ¼Щûȥӽ
뿪ħɣ䲻Į˵
:ǣǲè
˵Щʲô˵ʲôԵޱȺЦ
ܳٵֵ˵һ
ת뿪ʱƽһķ磬һ˵ȣܵ˵ˮܣٻȥͼѾܽˡ
βΪѰħĶ֣һҲһûʲôͽԭΡ
ǺƯһ񣬿ɻȴǸӼҵСڱʱҲԲ䣬һžǿСԴʪܵص
ֻΣӣԴ˵:䲻ܳٲ˵ģ𣿡
۾ǴģǼᶨģܳٻõĽŲȥ֤Щʲôֻǻûʸܳ١
迴ҲԼǷ˲ŻһҹҵֻҪ߾ͺãֻҪܿͺõġ
ôأȥࣿ
ǸкǰͷĶһֻ츳ɢųĻΪ
žһȰɣȥʵܣŬҲͻƵµ츳ܽȳ
ƾʲô֪ڶʱҲͬãƾʲô׾ٵĵõ
Ǹʲôѣֻª.󡣬ǳ֮ΣĵƭϡϵϣħɲɵģȻԸ
üһãҲƽϡ
治ͬ˷ʱ䣬ҲͷҰչһҪعһ̾ͱ߳ŭĻס䡣
Ʋᱡ˼ģⲻһӾͼ⣬۵š
ŷأĻըһѪȵѪһ
ͷܳ١
껹һ£ֻȴҪ
Һ뱧ȴֹ侲һ㣬ء
ǿеļϵѪۣܳһۡ
ܳȴһֱڶָӡ
ջûģܳԶ䲻룬һ˵
ˣȻֻӴͻָ˵СˣܳپǺۣǰСģƵĶˡ
ħҸգܳαħصÿһһƬǽħҲգ羰续ҲգֻҪͬܳһ
ֻǣҸսڵաħԺӱ˽磬ԺޱĿħ̡
ħأ˶첻ԡ
ûԵɵıܳʶһء
ͱһϹӣҲ
ܳżԳԷͬ˵˵ֻȴͬ˵ϢػضƣȴҲ̲סҲֻ˵Ҫ̫࣬ǰۡ
ܳٲԸ˵ԽԽ࣬Ҳò죬ֻ´ιʱȥá
뵽һ۾˵΢ɴҡҷ¯µĻоǽྻĵ̺֮ϣȴɢһص衣
治ǵܳٶûˣܾ֮úܾˡ
һ˳õˣĲϲħģǳơûд̵׵ơտ죬һжǻɵһƬɽ硣
һ뵽ɽиֵĶйܳٵ֣룬Ҫܻصɽͺˡ
Ǵˮ׸һ޿:ҪҪϺ
ۣ޴β£ֽĻ˳صס
ܳ٣үģͱ㣬Ҹ㣡

ֵţħħֱ֮ɼֱȺħȫţǲĿܣǿ̫ϰˡ
ˣɤЩɣʱһɫСħ̾һ¶һͷͼǰͻȻһһܾûȥ¶ȫ絽ϡ
û˵ܳٿ۾ģڵ˷:Ҵȥط
Ҳشͽ𣬴ƺʱܳѾ˷ԭֱ򼫶֮ء
Щ±ƣĲ߷ûк:㵽Ҫ
ģþòһʲô˵
ܳûлشֻŤͷȥ˲Դ:ңһжˡ
ǰһжˡ
ʹʮʱ佨ħ磬ʹǿ粻ǡʹʮʱ侫ħصʹ۳Ϊؼ԰ʹͻβ
źħϺˣùТڣǿԵõĳȫ˳һˡ
ȴҪЩʲôʱЩ:Ҫʲô
ֲܳ˲Դ:ʲô鶼ˣԺֻˣûκ˿Դˡ
ίǼ˵棬ҲͳĬˣûٷһ䡣
ܳٸܵĳĬʮְذԴȺë䡣
Ȼ֪ܶ顣
֪ܳʮ굽׾ʲôҲ֪ܳٵж຦ʧȥԲŻԼΪȷķֻ֪Ǽֱ˵ƤҪʹϢĸоȻ֪Ѫ͵ĵ貢ܻܳ˿ʹʹܳٲʹģֻĴڣԼֿɴĹδ
һжҪˣһжˡ
֮ʮǰģĬرܳǣ
ּ⻬
һֱĬܳٳȫȴԸ⡣
ԭֻ˵ĽᣬĽ᲻⣬ȫǲܳȫġ
˵ΪԼΪԷãû˽Է󣬶Ҹ
ܳٿҲĬ˰Σʳĵױصίǹʮꡣ
ܳԥƬ̣ڽʹʮ̹ס
սޣܸ֪ԣҲӦһͬܡ
ΪΪԷõʵֻ˽Ҹж
˵ĽᣬٴȥʱõȴȻǾܾ
ԭ
Щ£ǺԸ޸ܳˡ
˿ܳ٣ܳٿ˿ͺͺ֪ԭġ
ʧְӦģȷʵЩļˡ
Ѥõϼ͸죬ܳڷӿƺеȴٻʱоͶһɫƲõ״Ļ
㶣ƺ·ӿԶһƬһƬĺڷˣǽɫ޵ĺڿбŸУһ֣һһž޴Σһܳ黰
̤ܳͷʻϵϲϲĺ̷ɵǰħħϥ¹ϻ
:ãڸ⣡ҵŮģ
޸Һ𣿡
ܳٲԴ֪ģСְڴĻܵһ˿һĲ
˵ͷܳپʾָϾͱһöӨ͸Ľָ
ˣָָô֪ģ
Сģܳ˯ΣмδĶ֪磬ܡҲ֪ڴ
Ը⣬£Ը޸㡣δʲôҶԸһԡ
Ӧܳٵ飬˲źӵһ
ڣ˿ûв
ĸԸ޸ܳˣһ죬ڵõĳȫ޸ҲһƬǵҶ
ϲߵֻϺС
󣬱ûصħܳȴֱ˶롣
ܿȴֲ⣬ܳ٣ֻ˵аš
ɫݿϲԼźǵһУҪһš
ܳپ˴Ҳļƻħ罻˺̣ǻ᳤þõڶ롣
İû飬ֻҪܳٴӦԺʲô鶼ҪͬҪ
ܳȻӦ
֮͸Ƕҹ
ɽСѱܳ·һ飬һжµģΨһ˯Сƴֻˢ˱ᣬûһ
Բ¹Ҳ
ҡҷ£ӳڵһԼӰ
ܳûо飬Ҷɼʹüͷۡ
ܳٿɲҽۣ߾Ҫͣ£ȴס˺󲱾
ܳ۵ɺ쿴̧ӣιһö裬ͻβĵһ顣
ʹмһ˲ȥģܳǴδйɣһ̣źӵԼ塣
Цſ:ûо飿㣿
ٰܳѲסˣǸҲǷ汻ƲǣܳپԼʵ֤ԼвС
Դ̣ܳ꣬Ѿ⣬ýԴѾˣֻˡ
ܳЦץĽţ׺:㣬ⲻûо顭
Ͷݺݵص:ҵš
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