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һġŮˡ

ĶŮ䣬ĺŮ˳谮ĸ˽

ŮҸ˱Сѧ˺̫ĸŮѧʱϹĳѧسѧżǿܲãǰ鹤˫գҲǱܹɷ۰

õǶŮľ籾Ůٰѣʹӣ³

Ѿ˹Թ߾鱻ŮŰ׼ȴû뵽ϵͳȻŮĸǴߵģ

ôѸ

ϵͳһһΣһһһ֡Ҳߡ

һΣһ֡

һǸ΢Ů䡣



Үҽˣ

ŮôƲˣ
==================

 1 

ҩҩϲĸ
˵һλſȸõϸͷϴ֯ĨһüĿָү÷ȥ˵ˣλǸ߸ϣ˶һ̫
ʻҩҩŻܹɵһϴ˿ԳЩãȻ
̫Ҳ˿ûдߴٵ˼Ҳ֪ڵԼĻڵЩӵĻһɾ
˼˵̫٣һȻˡ÷Ǹյģ̫Ҳãǲסһλ޵ŮһЦУΪ⻰˵Ư׵
Ůּ˵СֶŮǰָͶĸ֪Ż΢ҪּҲܹһǰҺĻ˵
ĳ༫ã˹һ֡ƫƫųֻװ崿Դ˿ֻ̣һЦݿģ˭Ҳ²ҩҩǰһǸˡ
˵ⷬʮֹɵĵȴ̫Ŀޡȴϣ⻰˵̫꣬۷ʱ˹ʲôղյĻ뻰⵱ģҲͷûҽ̵Ķ
ͷһݣȦˢͺˡǵ˼Ҷ˵̫һºͣٷƢѽôԼ˵һ仰ء
Աߵ޿ֶŮҪ飬żȴҲ¶ɫֻίȰҩҩ̫ͷ⣬ɺԡ
֪Լ˵˻ǿԻϽһʾǸ⡣
̫ȴֻתҩҩҩҩԣءҩҩŶ
һɵӣ֪ʲôﰵԲȴװίӡ
ҩҩһۣƶǶĵ˵ͷȻظ̫Ļҩҩġ
Ҳ֪ڰο̫ڸԼһƵݰףǰɷˡ
̫ʱЦ˻ǹҩҩҩҩƣ⼸ϲĸ
ҩҩ˳ָȥ̫ľĵһŵЩ湫ӣÿһţһϲϲ
ҩҩʼûзӦֱָ̫һλٷĹӣҩҩЦˡһЦһ߻֣ϲϲ
̫һϲ˶٣ָָô
ҩҩɵͷ
Ҳһɣһ磬ѡһҪˡϧǸҪϲ̫ҩҩһ˫ֱס̫ĴָǸӵָ
ÿÿ
һΡҩҩ˵ָÿնǳնȻûˡ
̫ȻôΪģֻˬһЦҩҩͷҩҩǻʶ顣ָǰ̫ģˣĸЩɡ
̫ȻǲԸȴûаԥ
޿̲ס̾һ̫˽ҷḻɽеĳŵıҲ߰߰ƫƫֶҩҩóպȥ
治֪Ѿͷɵװɵ
̫⻭Ѿѡˣÿҩҩѡ˵⺢ҲˣܲһֱȥԴǣָϵ
ôһ˵λҲӦ
ҲֻͼԵְˡ֮ǰǰµֱ˵ҩҩ⺢ӵ£ҪԵϡҲķӣҲǲѡˣ֮ǰʵҲˣ˵ʲô̫ʵ
Լ˼һǲģҩҩҲ⡣ӺĳӣӺ̳ǡ
Ӻ̳ǣ󶯡Ҫ֪ʮǰֿ֮ȵıӺҡϧӺ̰Ĳ㣬Ȼ뵽ǴκҸĹ䵱У˻ʵ۵񣬱һٱᣬû
񳯳һӺ̳ǡӺ̳һٿ״Ԫ˵˳˳ãϼʵһ˵Ǵʡʶ˶˵Ӻ̳ǣӺҸ
û뵽ǣһλӣȻҲȢǰնˣĸôܵ
ɵٴϸϸҩҩһŷ֣ҩҩ˵һòۣΣ˫ĿһˮӨӨй⣬΢˫ˮһɰһգۣһ
ʵǺƷ䷳նȴҲ̲ס޵
ûĳϼڵ̫ϱү˵ӺҳⲻС׵˾ءңӺӲһ˲ţΪ˸ǳֿ񡣡
ӺҡӺҡ̫΢У߶˼䡣
ϵͷǣӺҵĹСʱǸϼҩҩҲ÷ء
ǵҲ̫ڵͷӺ߾·˼ʵǱȽǵġһӺҾʱͥȫ˼ңԶҩҩҲ̫ôӺҶٻҪּһЩһ㣬ǲҿҩҩ
ˣҲ
̫ͷһӺ⺢Ȼûҩҩ⼸ңȴܴ²³ҩҩϲҲý̫һ˵ҲŷӦӣӦ˸Եء
һ仰Ȼ̫ңЦ˵ˣпոúһӵ֡ĻҲö¡ܽɣҲӺҶɵĺø
Լĸ˭øӺ̳ǿ񾩳֮һ֪ټҵŮڹа˼Ľء
ȥҲڽλӺһΣӺ̬ȺȷΪ䡣
Լȡնжãɵٴοҩҩ
һ˿ֻǸЦЦ޿ԼֶŮһۣվЩ̲ס˵̫Ӻ̳ʲǳˣſνǴ˵ˣȢҩҩ
޿ʡ˺䣬̫ԼѰ˼˰ΣҲ̫𻰣ֻԼӵҵԵ˼ֻҩҩ۸
˭ϣ̫ȴЦһҿǾҩҩ䲻ӺҶɰɡ
޿һ㶣æҡͷ̫Īգϱû˼
ߡ̫һŵ޿ҲҶ˵һ仰̫ͷŲٸϻתԸһϸڡ
̵ͷӦ
ҩҩ̫´£תͷҩҩҩҩ̵һŹԹɵ̫һĻŭš
ĸ˵ɣĸԡҩҩЦСֳգ߷ֿɰ
̫øʲôƵģİҼҩҩǹԡǿԣĸ治Ըˡֻǡ̫룬վû˵ڡ
ĸܵ˵Ĳ֣ҩҩ
̫æڻˣŰͷתˣ̾һҩҩʲôӣǶסҲ˵ﲻͨ͸֪ûŮ࿴кĵҩҩҲͶ¡£ǲɶᡣ
ǡӦɫЩ
Ъȥɣֻ˵ôࡣʣµ£ϴҵģɡ
ϱ۹۱ǣǹĵ
̫⣬ͷһƣȴǻѾ˯ˡһҲʲôʱæ󻻵ů̴Ͻҩҩá
û֪ҩҩѲǳնˡ
˵ҩҩҲЩšʵΪһն£Ѿϱˡ
ǰҩҩȷɵֻ˵һЩ򵥵Իѵı㲻֪⣬뷨ر򵥣һǱ˵ʲôʲô
һɵǶʮ꣬ԼôĶ֪
һҩҩͬͬʱƺһָͷԿ˻۸ԣҩҩⱲǸϻͨ͸˶ˡ
һǰĺܶ¾ˡ
˵ǰԼϵĴ£޸Ӻ̳ǡּҵϣӺ̳ԼпɣֻǺԼʵڴʲôһ֪֮ġ
ټϣӺ̳˸߹٣˶ɵһȡЦԼˡʱӺ̳ǶԴҩҩ˵һûġţҲšңԻڸҩҩ۵Ĳ
Ӻ̳ǷԼ
ҪСҲͰˣɺ޵ǣȻԼιӺ̳ǣڳɹ޸Ӻ̳ǵҡ˺󣬶ͣǰҩҩӵһߡ
һҩҩӾ͸ѹˡĽӺ̳ҩҩΪޡӺ̳ǲڼҵʱҩҩһһϸ˵Ӻ̳ʶϸڡҩҩȻ˵ףΪְ˲ٵĴҩҩɼ御
һ£ҩҩˣܸһɵ֢˵жɺޡҲԼôɵ̶ֳأ
ڣⱲܰһˡҩҩĨһ˿Ц                        
лҪ˵һġŮˡ
ĶŮ䣬ĺŮ˳谮ĸ˽
ŮҸ˱Сѧ˺̫ĸŮѧʱϹĳѧسѧżǿܲãǰ鹤˫գҲǱܹɷ۰
õǶŮľ籾Ůٰѣʹӣ³
Ѿ˹Թ߾鱻ŮŰ׼ȴû뵽ϵͳȻŮĸǴߵģ
ôѸ
ϵͳһһΣһһһ֡Ҳߡ
һΣһ֡
һǸ΢Ů䡣

Үҽˣ
ŮôƲˣ

 2 

ԱߵѾС̣˿̱ҩҩһȻ鲻ԽԹǸɵӣ˯Ц
һ仰ҩҩ˻ʼ˼ԼⱲӵ״ԴǰѾӾˡ죬Ϊû뵽ʲôõĶԲߣԾһֱװɵ
룬װɵҲͦõġ˽Ҷ˽Ҷҩҩúܿ
ңƺװɵ׸һ㡣Ͼ˭ҲԸɵӹȥɵ˵ûͨ˶š
ôһ룬ҩҩӼᶨװɵľġ
֮ҪӺ̳ǳɻһºŪȥװɵװͷȻ˸ӡ
ʲô뷨˲֪ҩҩȴŶ塣ǰԼӺ̳ǵĻ£ҲһֲٰġΪ£ӺҽĹϵ
ȵӺҸ֮ʱϿǽ˲ٹء֪һʼԼöµһԶ塣
һԼɲĵ޸Ӻ̳Ǹڹ˵
Ҫôأҩҩһ̲סü
ղѾСֿʼ˵ˡͱͱͬĸ첲ڵƣüˡ˵ɵҲϲŭ𣿡
һѾССЩȴЩơ˰ɣȵţҪϷһء
ģɵҲ̺ɱС̵
Сƺ˳ӣȰô˵Ҳ˵̫жá㷽ҲˣҩҩС㽫ʱҪ޸Ӻ̳Ӻ˵ġǺú̺ҩҩС㣬Ӻû׼ܺǣܷǻؼء
СɫһϲҲ԰Ҫ޸ӺءɵӲ㴲ǿԵġʱ򣬲ûгͷ֮հˣС죬СĹǵʱɱӺ˰
Сǳ±Щ֣Ҳǲˡ
˲˵ˣҩҩֿʼ¡أȴ̫ҲԼĸżᣬҲΪλߵԵʡ
ӡУԼǰ˲ãĸˡʱҩҩֱһ̣ףĸ֮ԼԼ޳ȥΪ֪ʱղ࣬޷ٻԼˡ
һеóŵı⣬ʵĸһݷ۰
ţҩҩվֲ˯Ϯһ˯ڡ
ˣС̲ſڵˣȫҶȥԷء̫Ըˣȥ˭Ҳ׼ȶӡүͷˡ
ҩҩ΢УһˬҲǻáǰԼڻʱԼؼҲż˶ǿɵӵȴԮ
ĸҲšҩҩ죬ѿһҶ
С⡣ţԷȥС̣ߣСȥǰԷܶС㡣
СҡҡͷС㳤С̵ģһɵӶѣҪĳնʲôҶãָҪͷָôء˵⻰ȴҲʶҩҩǰǷ˼ɻ䣬ǸϽ
ҩҩһѾͷȻǴʱͿʼ˶ˡ񻹼ǵãǰС̿Ǳ£㿪ʼԼͷǰСƲԼǰҲǿ졣
뵽ҩҩⱲӱʹ֮ҪĵĲźãҪȻǺ
ܿ죬ҩҩһ·յĸ͵Ķɫοɰϲ
ţС첻ܻ·ҩҩ
ת˲ǰŷ˶۾ˡҩҩҲŴŴĸĸʺá
ĸúãĸáĲõʺ÷ʽƫƫ̫ϲ
ڱˣҩҩɴװûԼҲǸɵӣ˭ܺɵӹȥ 
̫Ц̣ɴҩҩ
ּҴүҲϵɷʵ¿ȥˡΪλߵˣһ˵ʮ㣺ĸףҲ̫簮⺢ˡ
˵ãһ˵ʱ̫ĻʲôҩҩСûûĲ裬ѵδ˳һôôôݵģʵƲۣСүһ˻ɣ
⻰ޣôʵ˱ֱļĸױգ˵˻Ӳ˼
ߡ̫תͷԼ簮źӣҩҩͱԺķ˰Ƥˡլʲôط̫̫˭
ʵڨڨֻóϿڣ쿪ţɱĸסȻɷһ̨£˳ƻȰ̫䡣
ȴ֪ҩҩһжףĸ֮˳ԼʵҲΪʱ޶ԵʡһԼ׽Ҳףҩҩļϵˣ˱ҪԼ߿һۡ
ůģҩҩ׽һϺС͵̫ߡ޿Ҫ࣬תۼ̫һϲſ죬İѻȥ
Ǹյġ
ѾСᵹǻϽȥҩҩͺС֡ȴϣһҩҩʱ
̫һţϽôˣҩҩ˭šҩҩޣҩҩŶ
ҩҩίͰͣƵš˰ޡˣˡ˵ŻָС̡
̫üëʱŤ˾ˣС̣ô£С㣿Сŵû궼ˣŹڵϿͷū澲ң̫ūûа
СۣǴһС̣⻹Ҫٷ˽һնҲֵԼǹǿȰˣʱȰССҪȰҩҩһЩҩҩСȰýˣҩҩʹˣҾ漸ҲͰˣ̫¡
ǰҿ»пҩҩˡѾǶǾϸѡģôд˵ľٶأ̫С̿Ǵ߳ȥġ޿ѵͬϵ
ʵǵͷǰĸףҩҩ⸱ӣذ˵Ļ档

ҩҩ֪ĸʵûһԼ˵ġ
ڣ̫ģ᲻ҩҩ¡˿̹Ȼʵ»£̫ķʲôҩҩѵô
ϼԼү⣬ϽǰȰ̫Īգǲ˼ֻҲǴ󸮣ƽ׾ͷū澳ȥ˿˵
̫һԵô˵һūҩҩ
С̵ͷγ˲˹ġ̫ūûУūûСūÿ̷С㾡ľС㲻ԷūˮҺȰ̫죬̫졣
ҩҩǺշԼÿյĵ̶̣С̵Ķӣ˵ˮҺȡ
ϼСˣȰ̫ƣѾͷҲġ
̫ٴһЦϵԽᵱˡ
һɫòҰסȻʶԼòԡǰ̫һҩҩԼôΪͼһʱһū˵ء
뵽⣬ϸҪԼͣ˿˵˶˵ѣҩҩȴǲġ
⻰ġҩҩһ̹һˣĸҲĸ˵ϼ乫ҲǼˣǻϣҪȻŲ˵ء
ȻϲҰ׵ɫ£˼˵Ȼҩҩһ֮ԴòţС˵˵СҲǴ̫߳ȥģһ򶼺ܵüá
ţ̫ʮ͵Ŀ˶һۣϵɫˣϽ׵С죬ʵ˵
СϽͨһڵϣ̫̫λˣԴūСչССʱڳԹԣǰѳɵֹϣС㲻졣ش˵£ūʵڲ֪֪һС̵ġ
⻰ʵС̵
СĻʵҩҩеġǰСԼѾߣڣҩҩǻЩ
⣬ϸϽ̫̫ԭСָ϶ݲ˰
⻹˵̫ЦһˣС̸ȥǸСݲôūš
ԱȥˣС̿޵ϡﻩͷĵȥûһĻС졣
ߣСѰ˼ζˡ²նиʧɫĿҩҩҩҩȻһ˫ĿԼĺһ˿⡣
תۣҩҩֿʼ޿ˡС̼ԼˡնѵڱԼСˣ֮ǰҩҩһֱֱڷԼ䡣
ޣ˼ǳնҲǳյİС̴ڡ
С̣ҩҩһЩˡȴҪԼˡǣ˵޸Ӻ̳أܲܣԼ˵ʵɣ
ɲɣɵǱҪװġҪȻԼʧȥıˡʱĸ徣ԼûȼˣѾЩСˡ
ˣһһɡ
ҩҩⱲӻѣһʱ䲻پᣬҲθڴ󿪣˲ʳţ˾ǲһԶ֮ǰˡˬ
˷ҩҩĨĨͺС죬һȦһ˫Сֿѩɫȹϡ
ƺʮָӡʱŤˡ
ҩҩԼҲеˡǰԼôţıԼԼġ
ĹĵĿ޿޿ͷװʵ¶ùͷԼɲΪ̫
̫εε̫·ݲģֵơһʱçײҪҿҪȥˡ
ΪԼҲ㽿Σ̫ôҲɸԼֱ档ȴϣ̫ѾƫûˡҩҩֻϷˡ⵱ģҲмֶ·
̽ӵϱԻȥʱӣСһѣȨ͸˵ˡ
̫ͷ
޿ſڵлл̫
ЦáŪ·ңȻҪлҩҩЦе̫Ļˣˡ
޿òֺһ
ͷ𣬹ָһл̫
ҩҩЦӯӯץһϺ⣬ָԣԡ
ҳԣҳգ˭أһ
ڣһᣬ̫㿪ʼҩҩˡҩҩԣ಻ץˣÿӡƣǿӣּסȻ󣬼вˣιĸҼҩҩ̫ˡ
ҩҩϲʤʵǰյʱҲǻʹӵģֻֻһЩģѵı㲻֪⡣
޿εҡҡͷ˭أʹ˸ɫʾ˵ͷ
һٷҩҩԵ̹ȴϵڶ죬һλ֮͵Űݷá
Ӻ̳ǡ

 3 

һͷ񣬷īȾ˫ĿɣüճӵĿ֮Цʣ崺磬˵ǹµĺò
ֲǰԵõġ
ϧҩҩҲֻǿһƤҰˡ
һһӣҩҩ⡣һȻվƸĶ󣬺۹Ŀϸϸȥĳ಻֪ʤӺ̳ǶٱüĿ续Щƻĵζ
ֻӺ̳һ紺ɫʲͬǺҹеһӰɲ⣬׽
ҩҩô˰Σ
Ӻ룬ӺҵӺ룡Ҫ֪ǰӺݷӺҶ꣬Ȼϵһɳ˰
ȣֺܴܴܱ֡ϣҩҩͲٵԼᱻ۸ˡֻǣӺΪʲô԰Ӻ̳ƸأǰѵҲˣ⵹ûʲôӡҲǣԼǰճﻹƼʲôƸ֮ˡ
ˣˣûˡǣҩҩҲӺ̳ǲֱߵӺߡ
۵ֳסӺ䡣㡣
ҩҩ۾˵׻ûŵʲôζֻҸɰˡԼɵģ˭ҲԼðʧ
סӺȻһ㶡ţһУ
ҩҩŵҲֻӲͷƤװɵǰӺӡ̫ˡֻһӣ˵ĸۡˣıɡԲܴ
ҪװһɵĻѡȥװɵӡ
ߣҲӺֳ̳ĿӺ̳ǵȷĶŵǫǫӲ٣ϧ鱩Ӳݲð˳Լ֮ˡ
գӺ̼һӺ̳ǣҲĸĿ
ִ̫˰˵Ӻ̳ǡºͣȻǸԼҹҹڴߵڹ˵̳׵ġ壬ѹ񡣡
⻰ȥڸҩҩͣʵҲ˽͡νѹߣָæˣһ㶼ɼеλϸߵ˵Ρ
̫ȻʶӺֲ߶ֻǵӺ˵ͷӺ̳ʮ顣̳ǹһ·ˣˣϽΪ̳ǹ裬Ҫ̫͵ɽСֲźá
̫飬ҩҩһҲ⡣Ҫֻ֣ܹӺ̳ǵƤ̫ã˵ļ̫áҩҩ˽Ӻ̳ǣֻƾⳤȣ϶ҲҪǫǫӡ
ҩҩżӺ̳˼üŭеǰ취
ף̫ҩҩֵҩҩԣĸ̳ǸģԺһֱ棬òã
ҩҩһУץסӺ䣬Ӻ̳ǵҪҪӺһЩζ
֡ʵº
ҩҩŵһСԴ굽ӺȥӺĺ̲סֱε
̫ʵһۣȴٱҩҩֻǳӺҼҩҩôˣЦˡ
Ӻ΢΢˵ͷӺ̳ǹȻ̲סҩҩԼŮˣƾʲôվӺӡ
ǣӺ壬ҩҩҡ
Ӻü˿ԼŲ̫ϲ
ȴ֪һ仰ͷ̫ѾЩˡǰҩҩˣӺ̳ǱȥȰҩҩӺ뽻ء⻰ǰҩҩһһƷѡ
ҩҩǴϻۣĸۣ֪ѾתǣִӺɿȻСƽŶŶ
Ǹ˵ˡ
ҩҩȶװÿģ뿴Ӻ̳װʲôز
ȻӺ̳̲סͷȻǰҲҩҩӣɽٿôóôһŻףȻ
ûӺ̳Ҳ֮ˣֻⱲûʲôñģֻϱӵĹ켣һѡϾϱӻͦˬġɵԣСλ˳һӦţʲôȱһͦõġ
ԣӺ̳վȢҩҩؼҡֻǣҩҩƺϱЩһˡǵϱӣԼһǾͰ忪ѽ
ôôѾ
Ӻ룬һ첲άһҲƾҩҩק䡣ټŴŴӺһ߿˼ֻһЩˡ
ҩҩˡӺ̳̲ס˵ûгҩô
ҩҩγɵҩҩҩÿնʱšӺ̳֪ܵ£Ҳֻ֣Ӻ̳ǵ̬ȣЩˡ
ҩҩϲӺϵĻƣӺ̳ǵɫ˲áҩҩʲôֵӺ̳ǻָôءֱ̫롣
ӺĪߡ̫Ȱҩҩú˵
Ӻ̳ʶԼʧ̬ʱϢŬЦһֵ̳֪ˡ˵һ˾ӵģ
ҩҩδǰһ㶯ŴŭЩ⡣ԼװӺӣӺ̳ǵĻˮײ
ȻӺ̳Ȱ䣬ҩҩûзӦ㳹ʧġӺ룬͵˵壬ƹ
Ӻͷˡ
ҩҩװȴĵӺæ
룬Ӻ붯Ҳû
Ӻ̳Ҳ֮ˣλδˣҲǷ޷޺һһѽҩҩ
˵ҲϱӵϰԶˡϱҩҩճɵɵԼԲġ
ˣ̫ĵؽ
Ӧһ㣬̧ͷʱ̫Ѿ˲̲Ц̳ǹӣҲƼˣҩҩȷʵӲ̫ãٽЩӡּӺҵȸһɡ
ҩҩϲ˵ôĸԼ˼ˡ
Ӻ̳һ漴ӦԼ̫żˣǵ̫ԼԸɡ
вУҩҩԼϱ˵ԼϱһֱȻ˵㣬ûԼôּ֦ء
̧Ӻ̳ǵºЩ̫𼱣ҩҩ˵һ˵̳ûԵĺôԸпɡ˵ţתͷҩҩҩҩ׼˺öóԵĸءɽҩˣ⡭
ҩҩһУúóԵջңûţϱһǾ͸Һˣһûء
һҩҩָԼݵǻỵġС쾭һ仰ôһ˵̫Ҳûʲôûɵġ
ֻǣһԵӺ̳ĵزˡ֪ҩҩʮңݸճƭǣǵɷĸ¡
Ӻҹӣˡ̫Ȱ
Ӻ̳ţȻ̫Ҫڣ
̫û뵽ϿǫӺ̳Ǵ˿̾Ȼ˲𱰣ԼҲڵʡԽͷǷڣ顣
úúáӺ̳ǵĴ߹˳Ц⣬ĵһնˣ㾹ҲšˣҾֻҸˡ
ȵȡ̫Ȼڻ
ˣӺ̳ǵĴڹɫ˵ôһնˣҵԼôõķȥ
̧׼һ̫к£
ЩƸҲûȥ̫
ʲôӺ̳Ǵ󾪡̫ŲӦ÷ڲŶô
̫˼˵ҩҩЩ١Ҳͷ빫ˡ
ӺͷӦ£ǱӺ̳ǲ֪ȶٱ
ߡӺ̳Ǻݺݶ˽ţҲ˲ʲôµˡҪһɵӣԼȢ˭ϡȢ
ţڳУҩҩҵһԽԼķصͷҪźż޸Լġ
ǰҩҩһ㡣һǣԼȻָҪԻȥ̫ԼȢն
Ӻ̳Ӻˣʵµɫ㲻̫ãڰСҩҩطȥҩҩûȿżأʵѾȲִ̫
Ҳ֪ʵǶ̫ʱԲˡˣҩҩҲûа㵣ġϾĸĴ󣬿϶ѹʵµġ
ֻҪ޸Ӻ̳ǣԼⱲӾ㲻ܳɹ޸ӺӵˣⱲӾ׬ˡô㶼Լռ˱ˡ
˵Ӻ룬ҩҩյЩơԼΪӺ̳ǣôãҲûз𣿿Ҳûд˵ô¡
ܼ޸Ȼӵˣжáҩҩǵúǰ޸Ӻ̳Ǻ󣬲֪ΪʲôԵ۸ӺһɨѾͷӺ뾹ҲѾͷͷѾͷϹǸʮ
Ȼ£ҲȫȻûŵ㡣ǱǸɫڲӺ̳ǲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ͷʯͷҩҩãһ·ı߽԰ͷɣ޿ԼֶŮͻ
Զȥȷ˴Լɫ˫ҩҩ鲻ԽǰʱεԼ湴Ӻ̳ǵġ
һĨ̺ĶǶһ촽ָҩҩƣ̳ǸβءʱӺ̳ǵĻ˵
Ӻ̳Ǹڹ˵ͷûҩҩ㲡ˣ̳ǸҪβȥɡ
ɵɵԵҩҩʱҧָͨ죬Ȼֵֹģʵʵ˳ȥ
룬ҩҩֻһ仰ݵʱԼ˻ǮءβͷǽſԼ年Ӻ̳ǣɣ¥Ƥʲô
ҩҩòһָǰͷ޵Ƕ仨ŴŴҪҪ
ţɵӻҪװġ
СæܹȥŶ˸һ漴ԥժǶĵ͵ҩҩ
Сĺô̫ԼһŲġ
ҩҩ̹ˣɫȴˡôôûòûͻô
ҩҩɵɵҡͷװС촹ͷװ
öţһѽǻҩҩ˹ˣ⻨Ұ֦ȥԱߵ޿δҲǶҩҩֳնûµġ˴Ҳû̫
ҩҩĵһЦԼػһӻ۸ˣһŲЬϣһֱӰǻ˻
ۣһסԼĽ档޿žòãϽչԼֶŮơ
⺢ӣôԲĽأ޿ҩҩû̫ڳ޿ҩҩûаֺøС
ҩҩˬúܣȴװ¶ӣװҾǸǣûȥأֱ
һͷҩҩҾΪһ㺰ԭΪЬڸԼĽ˵Եʡ
СѾס죬ȴ̲סЦ
˵˻šһɵ˵ǿɼĺܳˡ
˵涪ˣҪˣƫƫֶǰɵӴá޿һʱҲǱҩҩ˵ס֪λڡ
ĸһˮ
޿ŻعҪҩҩȴѾͷѾܿˡܻߺĸĸ
һ̫Ǹӵģ޿׷׷
˰ˣһնˣƽʲô޿ֻ˰οһʯϣֹס
СҲûܹίɵӻ˵ʲôųųĻȥԼʲôţ
˻µҩҩһɣŶ˲٣ǵ̫һֱ棬ҫԼҩҩܳԶร
˽ŵһٷԵèʳһ㣬Ƶֹ̫סҡͷɲô˼Ҹ˵ܳԶร˷룬ûġ
̫֪ίȴ˵һҲˣ˶ۡҩҩ̫ۡ
ɴǡ

 4 

ϯ䣬ѵÿڣʵıҩҩĻΡ̫ûţֱ˵Ӻ˵ˣҩҩӲʣȸ£顣
ǣӺҲͬˣ˼ʵ
̫ͷƸӺ˻ػ˵ԸٵȵȡףмʱộȻ˵Ӻ¹Ҳ˵ӺǴ򶨾Ҫּҵˡ
̫ӺҶǾһôûأ̫ʱûʵ
ʱ˶䡣
̫ȴΪȰĿҩҩΪĵģȴҲֻʸ֦ˡҲţʲôֻҪҩҩãǱ㲻ֵһᡣ
ǣ̫δ㣿ҩҩҲСˣҲ࿴һЩӡٲ綨ͷҪҩҩĲˡ޿Ծ⻰ûʲôŸҶ˵һ䡣
̫۷һۣƺҩҩ⻰Щ˳ģ䵭⵹ǲǲġѾӣմҩҩȥݼ̫
˵ʱһ˶֪̫̫ǹѣʮˡּ֮ڳнյĵλҲȫǿ̫һ˳ġ
˿̣̫Ҫҩҩȥݼ̫Ҫҩҩ档̫ԽӼĹļһĲǣ
̲ס̫̾ƫġ
޿Щڨڨ漴ȴһͷһִҩҩϣЦеҩҩȥݼ̫߲ˣ
ҩҩҧżȳԵÿģͷˣˡ̫ʱһͿ죬˾ͺãЩԡ
޿ЦҩҩɴˣĸԼûȤȥòã
ԭԼأҩҩ͵˸ۡʱԼҹĸ˼ϽժͷϵĺҡͷĳһһΣЦ˵ҩҩƣкöĶһȥһ棬òã
̫ʱ
ҩҩǻȻĿżȣ˫ּװǳ̵ãһȥһ档
Ըȥȥ£Կ˿ɱҡ
ϲͷһؾնҲã̫ʩ̫ˡ̫ģغúչҩҩ
ҩҩԺһԼ˵ġ
ҩҩʣ̫Ҳû˵ʲôԸȥȥֲ̫ƼƵˡ
һ磬ȻϢ̫ЯŮ빬Զǣ̫ﾹԼĽӣ˵ʡõ
ٶ̫̫أ̫ӲСһ޲ֽϽӡ
̫ĽӣͷůͣҲӼϧҩҩ˳㿪ʼͷΣ̫Ļ仰Ҳ˵
̫֪γϽȡЩ÷ֹ£һֱ§ڻšһĳڼ̫Ļϲȥż伪黰
Ҳ֪ǽϳԵ̫࣬е̫죬ҩҩ˺üء̫ȾãҪ³ˡ
ڣλεģǵˡ
ҩҩԣ³³ˡ̫ҩҩ̵Ȧͨ죬СҰף۵òУ˳Ҫȥ
ƫӦڵĺʱ򣬵ŤǰͶ̫ǧ壬ȵƬ̣ñǡ
˵껰һյǰ˫ȥҩҩ
ҩҩ˿ֻضǻζģѹ֪ǰ˭ֻǿźͷĶǰȥ
˭ϣõѬ̫ŨֱǺҩҩθзӿ
ţֻǷƵС˶ͷһùʳȫϡմǼѣ޿Լѹ׵ˮɫƾ͡
һԼһɽǰҲܲס
ҩҩһ¸ɾӶʱܲ٣Ƽǰ״Լ䲻ģҲŸһѵ
Ҫռˡ
˫װΣĵͷҩҩҩҩԡ
޵ƫƫ̫ڲ࣬Ҳҷֻ̫
̫ﵹǵֻǳǹſڵЦģδа̫ĳ
ɲǰҲûôȫסˡס˱ӡ
ҩҩ̫һ౧ס㶼С죬ȥͷȥڣһѣȻϽ
˵·û࣬һǺõġ
Сͷǡæ۰Ͱͻ̫жѣ
̫üҩҩγǳǰ͸õģһֻһҲġɣҵظɡݼ̫£´ΰɡ
ǣһҪ˵仰ֱ̫»ȥǸ㻻ѣѵҪȥ̫ôˣϽظȥҩҩԻ񡣡
öš¶˵ģɺҩҩһţȫԼյķͷ
ҩҩһɫСаͷѩ׵£ָֻյĽ̬֮
Ѳµ̫ѾϻҪװһװ
أס̫ʵ
Ĵ㣬֮ͬ빬Ϊǰ˽̫ӣ˼ѹͲȴû뵽ſڶûȽȥȻԼϡ
޷ҩҩ£㲻ҩҩԣȥ̫Ե£˵̫ЦеĹıӵ
ҩҩԹԵ˵ͷҲãʡ鷳̫
̫ĹǹŲ̫˼ҵ˵̫̫ѣȴǵùʰ
ҩҩ̫£ҲѧĹһɵģ̫һͷǲСԴ̫
Ӷ̫Цҩʲôأ
ÿĸÿҩҩСָ̫˵⻰˵Ǵ󲻾ɻһն˵ֻʣ½Ϳɰˡ
Ȼ̫󱻶ùЦָ̫ƣŮ䱾ÿء
ͷ̫ҩҩȻԽԽ˳ۡ󣬾СӲһ԰װ
ˣּŮȥõ̲裬Һ˵ӻ̫ڰ֣ҩҩȥ
ҩҩװգƵߣȻ̫ĸ˵һ¡û뵽Ѿ˲áˣҩҩĻ£һٲҪ˵ˡ
ϧͷĻҩҩû塣ֻջظ֮ĸͿʼƵƵԼӺ֡

 5 

Ǹӣǽ𣿡ҩҩһѽӯӯĹʵԴϻҩҩγŻº޷빬ͷһҩҩ˵
ҩҩͤԼӵĸöӱֵʮӣԼﵽжǮˡ
ǰ̫ɵ˻㽫ױȫ͸Ӻ̳ǻӻⱲӿɲɣǵƵĿԼǮѶ
Դ˿̣һʣҩҩ§סԼĹӶѶҩҩҲͦƵģԼ۸Ϊʲô˻ҪԼ
ԣҩҩȻˡǰôԼֵýôҪȻлᵽӺӺ̳ǣ
ˣһԶ塣
ܸġ뵽ҩҩŽӵ§øˡ
ϵЦһ漴Цҩҩԣ㲻ƣ㻻ġ㿴ʲô
ҩҩ۾
һͨͨĳӡڵĻĶС
ǴɵӡҩҩΣ˭ԼǵװɳɵˣҲֻϷˡ
ǣԴװߵ𡣡ڹӣӣǹӡ
¹ӣЦԣҩҩ˵ľΪ֮һϲҩҩ㿴ֻнӣûкڹӣԲԣ
ҩҩͷͷԣûкڵġ
ЦСǽֻкڵģûнģԲԣ
ҩҩ۾һУӰԶ߹еһλ뷢԰ףȻԼĸǣҲоͷˡԣûУûС
ӲһڹӸҩҩǽһڵġ˵ְ꣬ӵݸҩҩҩҩҪô
ԱСڴҩҩܲԼһӡȴϣҩҩδӣ۾ЦҪ˵лл

ֱᡣˣɵӲɴý̵İɡ԰˻ҩҩﲦһӵԼһѡҩҩƣڵģģòã
ҩҩգգ۾˵ĵ̫쭡
ҩҩûзӦһǸɵġ
ʲô̫ȻͷƮŵһ
ңڸҩҩ档һӵҩҩһ߲Ļ٣ӵľ滹װư͸һ㡣
̫εͨ͸Ƕѽӱˡ
̲ס̾һ̫˵öԣҩҩӣҸ˻š򣬱˵⸮ķˣһܻ
ҩҩԶЩ̫ͷİ˰֡һѾͷһ뵽ؽҲ˼ˣɴһ
ǣסǼµĶ̴˼˵һ仰Լ͵ʵʵӦš
Ƴһǻӵҩҩɵ̾һ䣬˱ˣȻǱȲģ
С죬ѽŰɡĿԶ̫Ȼ˵
ţĸôˣ֣ۡҩҩĵ
һ˲̫˵С죬ҪӱҩҩС⻰˵꣬ҩҩĸ˼
С£˻Լġǽо̫ңӾöСһЩ
СǻϲȴҲ̫˼Ƕ䷢һеЩӡ
̫ҩҩ§ڻҩҩĸ˵һºòã
ҩҩͷͷ
ҩҩˣԺһλ棬ĸˡĸΪѡһλӣҲӺ롣ƣײף
ţҩҩҪİ
ף̫ˣôġ¹ǸӺԸԸ⣬Ը⼫ˡ
̫˵Ϊ벻Ӻ˭Ц˵ҵļˡҩҩǲǵ㳶˼ĸ磬ˡ
ҩҩ･׹Ӻ̳ǰ֮ʱĸԼĿǡɽգĸȴʮּᶨ̬ȣѾ¶ˡ
䲻֪ĸ̬Եθı䣬ֻҪܵӺߴţĺҲָˡһ뵽̲סֽкá
˻ϲ̫뵽˰˵ǸԵϡԭˣԭˡ
̫Цãããҩҩá
磬̫§ҩҩ˵˰ĻȻ󲿷ֶӦˣ̫Ҳ֪ѹȥ١
Σϧ
Ҳ֪ԼܻҩҩãԸ̫ľǶԵġ
ּ֮ǰӺң˵֮ǰӺҹ̳ǣʵ´ϴˡּ֮ŮҩҩӺҵӺ롣⣬ּһʹǸ
Ӻҵʱδʣպ󣬱Ҳɿڳȫ˴¡
պϯ䣬̫˴¡
һĻӺңͷһʯͷЦ˵֮ǰү˵˵ҩҩѾͷӺĩʮԵȻӺҵ﹫ӲףĶ빫ҲǺõġңҲӺ۱ֻ֣Ҫ겻ˡ
̫ͷ⻰˵û⼸ϱҲϺ϶ҵĻ֪Щء
Ƹأһ˶˼֡
̫̲ס͵һ֪ۡƸ
һʱֵ̫֮ǰƸӺճӺ̳׼ģܲŲáԣƸҪгﱸߣӺϾǸӡ
ôһ˵˶һԭӺ뾹Ǹӡû뵽Ϊնܼ޸Ӻ̳иģȴû뵽ն޸һӡ
ּŮҩҩƸ񣬿ǲᾡˡ٣֮ǰӺ̳׵ˡ
һЩˡ˵ôնһֱôиġƸת۵㡣ٲ¶˻ˡ
˭֪һ֮УӵλΪ
˵ʵʵĸĻҩҩﵹ١ԭΪӺѹӳƸأȴû뵽ӺǴ󷽡
תһȴˣӺΪӺ룬ֻΪָĸ֦Ըָ̫Ӱˡ
ȻˣЩҩҩûʲôϵֻҪƸ񣬲̫ˣҲ֪ˡ
ѲɻָǸӺΪԼҵôҪ֪δᡣ
ҩҩϱָЦݣ˿źòϲ졣
ҩҩҪˣϲȻڵ⻰ʵöЩʧǣһնķϣҲû˼
ҩҩҪӻתȴ뵽һɵﶮûϲʣǻ˸õĴʵҩҩˣ
ѽҩҩѽ˾ͺã˾ͺá̫ƶЦ
ҩҩȴ۾һУСֵҪҪ˻ûӦС쵹ˣȿڵСǴ֪Լϲ£Ӵǰֺء
ôһ˵˲ŻȻնɵɵҪǲԥ˵Ҳû롣Ͼڳ£ҩҩܼסҲ֡
̫ЦƵûûҩҩĺӡ˵ЩģȷҪʾʾױǼױǲ强һˡĸҩ㣡
̲סզࡣҩأҲǰˣ˵ҲǹģΪС̫˴󷽣ɼǰҩҩ
ôͷҲ̫Сǣһѹ׵ı׷ױ˳Ȼȫ͵ҩҩķ

 6 

ҩҩյﲻ٣͵ĶΪ󣬾һ֯멡һۣ̫Ҳ˼䣬˵ϿŮΪĸ
ҩҩ֪ϲںԼֻΪֺĸˡҲơϾöȫ䵽Լ
׬ˡҩҩ̲סԼĴϻ۷ȻҲϸĵע⵽ÿöһ۾һ¡
ҩҩĽϾССֺöòࡣȻǵãǰӺԼκʱһ˫۷ӡ
һҲͳԵ߰˰ˡ̫ʵ£ҩҩҪ飬ϸЩЩͷĺӶһؼ꣬ҲҩҩЩӡ
֮ôһΪйѧڼ̿ΡʶָеӶ͵˹ѧ飬ʳȫ裬ΨдٲܻؼҡҩҩˣѧˡӴģʶֻڼҶ־
ʵȻΪһնĻµ˺ǵ²ףοֻǶˡһ뵽ִ̫֣Ҳ͵ͷӦˣһͷˡ
ҩҩһ߹󣬱˵ӺƸˡ֪ʲôöǱ㲻ȥû취ǰ룬ҩҩòǿȥһơһƲҪǴĳϡ
һǰҩҩŷֻмλˣڳǱ˵Ӱӡңλĵ֣˿ûע⵽ҩҩĵ
ĸأҩҩ˷һڵնʱ
æοҩҩ𼱣ĸӲʣҪЩǼĸ㿴Ƹòã
˵ʲô뿴Ƹ񣬷뿴ЦûµŮ˴յһ޷Ǿ㰮á
ҩҩ̲ס˸ۡϼ״һ㶣һʱЩ²̨
ɩȻҩҩҲˣܵð޿˵ͬͬ⣬ֻˡ
ϵͷ˳̨׾¡áܼңɡ
ҩҩյĶӣһΡ֪һĸڣԼû˹û۵ҰѾͷʲô£һԼ뷨⣬ҲԼԼɻ븮ɡ
񵥲̣ʵʧءֻǣּĴ˼ǰȻԵЩġǣһ꣬˱㿪ʼ
Ƹ񣬶Ǽױ֮һء
ǰӺôҲǴ󸮣СӲóԵʡ
бһλ֪˻˭ģƳҩҩһ۵˵˽Ÿ˵ĻǼģܼ޳ȥ͸ո㣬ʼˡ
⻰ͷϣҲǲÿɷ̾һ
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ʲô£ָֻ˼ңҩҩĳնƷ񣬱ۡ׮£˼ָҪĨԼء
ҩҩӶùУ㿪ʼüӡ
ҲڣֻЩ֮⡣ƼҩҩԼ˻ķָ̣·ں档
ҩҩֱˡ
ᣬȴһܼһλС˽ôһӼȻˣҲûбܳȥĵǱ
СȴǼͷҲ̧λˣҼүӺĩ롣үԸˣ˵ȻֹԸίҼүҼүȻܿ˹ԣүҴһһСȨɫƸ񡣡
⻰棬߾١˵ʵԼ˵µʱ˼ѹƤû̧ߵĹ¹ùã˵ԼӿⷿһõƸҲͳˡʲôɲ׵£һӦӺȥ
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˵ʱѾĺˡ˼ǺӲ糤Ѿ֡
СĺӣȻװ˶ٱλӹȻɬ
ţ̲סЦ⣬ŵүˡ⡣
Աߵӣ޿Цĸ޿Ȼ˼һЦ
С˴ͷȻֻһƿиǵֹ
̶̼仰ȴļɫˡ
ǣ˵е𣿡ϼææյǰͷȥơ
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˵ŻǶĲŵĿһֿۣ˿һãȻҩҩ˵컪رе߾֮նаеߵӡ
ڣȴѾˡõĶȻȻһն
˵һ룬ǷӦĿ˵ȻĴڡ
С˹һЦү˵ˣһְˡ
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λȴԸ϶Ӻڴӡû׼ֻôһõóֵĴұء
ɷϵǣıɫ˸Ƹëˡ
ҩҩ΢УȻˣȴҲЩ졣Ӻ룬˴󷽣ǮԲԣڣǼ鼴
УԼ÷ŵӺˡòɱСﺦȥ
ССĵݵҩҩҩҩ˵۹ȻһҡӣһһΣƵ﷢
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Сϻۣһ죬ܾòô¡ҩҩС㣬ȥ̫ɡõ⣬Ҳ̫ơ
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һҩҩӶʱÿճĸ֣ò
ȴ֪ӺӺ̳ǻڸӺүָͣ
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סڡԺˡӺүü
ףҲסҩҩҪ޸ҵġӺܣΪҪƫӺ̳ǷȻ
ӺүüӺ̳ǶʱйƤϢ
ӺϪźͻ̳ǣӺҪģּô˭ȢҩҩҪֻҪּ׾ͺá˵ˣҩҩǸյģҪҲá
ǣҲܼ޸Ӻ밢Ӻ̳ΡϱӵϱԼ£˭߿ȥΪ̫ǣԼҲͰˣȴû뵽̫žȻֱ֮ӽҩҩӺ롣
ӺϪٵһۡ׼Һ֡Ӻ룬游µӡʱԸúúλǡ̳ǣ²ˡӺӺҵ׮նǺ£Ҳûаװ
ǣӺ̳һ뵽ԼҪǳնһٸ⡣˵ҲͰˣӺ룬ǿδˣԼҩҩ޴֣
Ӻ̳ǺݺݴԼĴȡʧˣ

 7 

ĸָǴȥˡšһŵϣĽ
¶һˣôģЦ
£ʲô£ס
޿ָıӣһɵӣϸϸ˵룬նӺҵӣӺ̳ǵ߲Ϳճô
ǣҲֲѽһǿŮλҷˣСȻҲԸ߼Ϊ׷
޿꣬ڹϣЦȻӺּҵѽᣬ߶ĻͶˡѽֻҪǳնЩȻԸһӴӺҶɵĻ᲻Ҳô
һ̾նҲ߯ѺЩҩҩֱ޵˼СΪǸúŪģȴû뵽ԼһҲûմϡ
޿̾Ǻú壬ǾͲǳնˡɵɵ˻ô⺢Żµ벻ס˵ˣۼǳն̫ǵǷСЩʲô̫Ҳ㡣
뵽̫뵽սӵ¶Ҳ֪϶ǲԼճնĻ¶ˣ̫֮࣬Ҳ˴¡
һ̾ˣٲҪίЩˡ
޿ͷŶԡҩҩã̫á̫ãñ̹
ǣлĸѹί
˵ҲһϵӺҶɵȷŵǸЩּȴռŽˮ¥̨Ĺء
ĸ˼ǣʵ
޿Ŭһױ̨ȡ֧ȥּҵǶҲ߶һЩϴҵϲǡ
ǡĸԶǹĸ
޿ͷϧźĸԼûкӡλڣαػҪĿء
ĸ̾Ϣ
ˣ˵ˣһøҪţҵȥЩء޿˵޿ȥ۵һƬᵭ
ϲλĸΪԵģΪټָͷ޵λɲӡ
ҩҩֵ֪ԼĴ磬һǳ˵½ˣôӺ߻ӣûס
һ˲㲻ˡòˣԼЩʲôǽоƽĺá
ϧĸԼȾơ÷ӾƣĸһҲֻһѡҩҩϲֺ֮κĸоͺɵƵģʲô롣
ߣС죬ȥҩҩȹһѾƣȥӱι㡣ָ߯󣬹Ǳ̲ĺˮԳһ
ҩҩǰͷıգСںͷС鲽ţϲǰͷǺߡ
ҩҩһУϦϼĳһˮˮص岨Юأ㾡
ʵ̫ˡ
С㣬ʳˣȥȡһЩòãСʵʳⲢԶҩҩһͷȥˡ
һʳЩСβᣬҩҩÿֱЦ
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Ӻ̳ǵĺͷ̲סһ
챾ݼʵ´˵ģͬΪ٣׵ͷȻҪȴû뵽·Ƽһ
ϱӿʮ˶ôտ˸Ƶģˡ
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СԴҩҩ죬üǱʾе˼ȴ֪Լӣɰ֮
Ӻ̳ݣȻأȴո͡ҩҩ̳Ǹ硣Сʱǻһ
ʵӺһδû֮ʱȷּΡʮǰ¶ˣҲ˼ó˵
ҩҩûӦӺ̳һЦǰһûʲôɺ˵ֻȡϵҩҩҩҩƣòÿͷÿһͷСϻء
СϻҩҩŴֱꡣ
СϻÿҩҩЦУȴֻˡڹ˵Ƿôһ͸ԼƼˣǿɾǶʱԼôȥӺĴȡ
Ȼڹ˵
ÿ͸㣬šӺ̳Ц
лл㣬Сϻÿҩҩһţһ߽ӹ
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·ɻ֮ǰ˵ҩҩԼ֤ѱٱ䡣·ڳɻǱҩҩԼһƬ֪ʱȥ
ΣԼûаҰġҩҩһնˣҪʲô
ҩҩȥλĸһơӺ̳Ц̳Ǹߣ㡣
ҩҩɵĵͷȴǸǼλûµĲĸˣԼƺҲϴˡ
ֱӺ̳ǼһͷԶСȡʳҪʳȴҩҩֵĸȥ
СֻΪˣϽʳȥ̫ȴ֪ҩҩ˿д㣬õֵӣɵøϽ˦ȥźá
ĸһ̫ҩҩѽĻ̫ţٲҪ§
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СãȻҡͷҩҩȴ̳Ǹ硣
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СǻŵĹҡͷȻ̫ū澲֪Ƿţȥȡʳʱ򡣡
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ֹ̫СĻ硣ҩҩԣ̳Ǹ˭
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ģӺϪֵ׳꣬Ҳӡ
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ӺϪ͵һЦˣ
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ӺϪúӶҪᵽһȥֱӺ̳ǵͷϡ˵˵ⲻ͸ָô
Ӻ̳ǵȻʶԼĵڶƻȢС檡ģΪǺõġɴ˿̣ƵǵһҩҩȢ֡Ӻ̳ŵһ亹ô¡
ףٺͿҲССҰϽԼϴ׵
ǣ˼СС֪̽ˣͼı죿ӺϪ޲һͿϡõǰ̣
Ӻ̳ǴСܹػҲбƲѡû뵽һ徹Լǳô¨֪ˣԼǷҩҩ
ף˵ʵɣҩҩҪġǳնòӺ̳Ǳ粵
ô˵˼ּԩˣ
ǡּҹնŽ鶼ƵҵͷϡҲּƳĵưˡ
ˣּԶգ֮£ӺϪȻ˵ţȴǸԼĺӵġ
Ҳǣ̳һ򵥴ȰܻŷֻҪѵźá뵽һȥʮޣ
Ӻ̳ǼѪƫֶԼģҲҲʲôͷٽָֻ͡ƣ
ˣҪúһ塣
ҩҩ֪Ӻ̳ǽ˶ּҵͷϣȻԹԵ֡ոԽ֣ΪָļλӶˡ
û⸮ҩҩ⣬ֻйӣûСˡҲҩҩ֮Ա̫ϧԭ֮һ
һ࣬ͱQøˡ

 8 

̫һӣķۣµıҩҩӣ༸ϱҲ֪ôţȫǴѶġ˵˼Ҷ˵пɴڣ̫ƫϲŮ⸮ΨһŮҩҩ㱻赽ļϡ
Ȼ⼸λСͷҲ̫ǵģǱʵµĳһأͷһ׼
ҩҩļϱûд⣬һһĺԼ棬뷨跨Ӻ̳ǡⱲΪԼӺԵʣҲЩݣԹ
ҩҩе㷸ԼǳĻ£ٲԼšȻôԼ£ҲȥԼܲһ
ҩҩΰˣȴû뵽˱Լżĸףϡ
ϽһҩҩֻпϷķݶˡⲻ̫밲ʱһʰǹλ˵Щ̰˯Ȼȥһ㡣
̫λ˰մһ˿۹ӣѹȹͷϵ׺黨öյǶЩˬ
˱ЦɩָˡѺÿűո񻡣
´װڡ
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ҪӦ׵ϼЦˡȥˡҵģ֪ǳͣǾӼ˿룬ŵٲҸʢˡ
ҩҩԱ߶ů¯ţһߺţһ߿Ϸ
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ϺǺЦǲǸθˣֳžͲˡǲռıߡ
ҲգҲա޿񲻹ĸ
һɲɣò׻·ܵƲǣҲ˵дһֺ֣ţȥֽһ
֡ϣְ֪ſ࣬㲻㣬дѰ
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һһǲԼ˿̲סҲЩҲסãһұѾ˸ȥ캮ضȥů󻹸һȣһͣĪˡ
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ᣬҩҩСһţԾ
ҩҩȥģʵ
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һֱӿαϡָԼɵӶȲ
ҩҩϷţȥд֡ͷƮŰװ׵ѩůȴڡϵĲڳɻģⱭţ飬ҩҩֹɵӡ
ҩҩˡţҲֻһЦ漴ͷԼʫѰ˼ʫ׼ͷ
ĳʵǼõģдǵžӣڼҳһ㣬òʣֲͷһ
ҩҩԺˣ԰СϣգˮĴ۾֡ҲӷʱʱĶ䡣
ϱӵûʱ⡣ʱҩҩ춼ק档ʲôȻҩҩЩ鱦֮Ķ
նù˼ңٲÿζڿ˼ȥȻҲɵƭ鱦ǴδֱָӺſʼҡڵĴ
ҩҩȻգмİĶǼŵġһͷƼˣСȥץȴû뵽˸⡣
һ뵽£ҩҩ񻹾
ǰԽԽ˳ۣҩҩԼֶ·մԼҸıߡǣǹ⻬ĺľϣરવ
δã̧ͷʱƼǰС˶ѿ޵Ȧˡ˵ãˮҹǰӣĸܵˡ
Ҳ˱ʣСҩҩôˣҩҩˣòã
ҩҩֱˣֻŲůĽͷһͣҲڣֻ޵÷ŰЩ졣
ҩҩˣίС죬⾿ô£ѵ÷˻
СҲǲֻ֪úҲһԼ˵ʲôû˯֮Ļ
ҩҩȻָ֪С죬Դӻöһһţһ
⡣ӶˣˣȥұǣĪޡ
ҩҩȻΪЦһáţңҡ
ˣ¸ϧµصһҲҲظ㲹ϡ˵Ӷˣ
Ӳߵġ
⻰˵꣬Сһ֣ʱˡСڵƭߵһöأ
СģҩҩԼ棬˵̫ˣҩҩŷ֣öԭӦںڹӶСȻˡ
ö˶˵ģҩҩܳôһöӿֵأԼһµôࡣ
ã棬ҪԼĶҲǸʲôɫ
ĸҵĽͣȲˣҲǺҪġҩҩߣҪǡЦ
Լͷҩҩֵɣƨƨߵĸ˺ͷţ̫𣬰ĭߣȥǽӡ
˵Ҳɣһů󣬸պ˴̫߳ҲʵںÿֻһۣЩ޵Ůӻ̰ͼСˡ
һᡣñϾǳյģɱί˼ҽ͡
Ҳѭǫ͵ѵָʺκιηæֱղŵÿա
ҩҩֻһ־ʶ˵;Щᡣתһ룬ʫҲԶĲһȥ
ʵ֤ҩҩ͹ݼ
˵ﻰιƽ£ж˵ΰԸȻϸ֦ĩȳ⡣
ҩҩһĨϵաڹ˵С檽ǿˣ


 9 

һϮ˿۹ӣ׻ɫëĵò˳ò£վ£续֮ˡ
С飬Ȼûʲô绨죬˿̼Ǻεȷˡ
òкøУһɨʱó첻١Ҫȥ캮ضģɱͷˡ
˼ȥů𻰣Ǹʵˣδ⻰ֻΪҪ죬ǸϽµҩҩһöӣҪҳ뷨ء
ʱһնǵöӵ£ɫʱЩڨڨǶ˰ɡҩҩ棬ЩСǳе£Բԣ
ȥҩҩվĵطûӰ
תͷſҩҩίͰ͵ĳԼӣһ߳ϻһ߶ҡ

˵նʱ
Сɫֱ䣬ϽҩҩС㣬ǹôãû̫ءǹӵȷһţĸȥòã
¡ҩҩǿǿӦ˭óȻöӡ
ཱུ촽ϸߣ˺Ȧ˿ˮˡƵ۲ѣĵñûۣò׵˽ϡȻϲˡ
ԼҲδΪʲôúòԼһأԼΪ˵ǰˡҲһ嶯Կʵ֪ɷöӣ
⡭͡
ֻһ̵ͣͣѾ쵽¿ǸǰŮĪĹϵҲٵöӣЩָȥǲȻֻôҩҩȥһöֵϣعٸѡ
һ⻰ѾɷһƬ
СڿˡС㲻£ūȻҲǲġɼȻСǽԭūٲҪС塣
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ֻԼ񱻼¯Ͽһ㣬̡Ȼû뵽һöӾǷˣԼֺα̰ⲻ֮ơ
ҪֻܹԼòã︮ﶼһˤɰ˸ϡ
ԼűģϵɫŨˡҶͿϻؿɲǼһôվôò
ֺɵӵĻû˻ţҲûϡò𴩡
һöӵģҩҩԲɡҩҩʮ⣬֣һϲЦá
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һƤȴ˷ǣҲһ֮̾¡ţǰ֮˵ȤҲ͵֡
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⻰̲סüϲķǣʧƷ֮أҲЩš˼ǿͣԼ˼ʧ棬ֲܵһ
һ룬ҲСæȥȡʫ
ɫȻࡣ
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ҩҩɵٴθ̾ҿԼ籧סӺĴȡ
˵ʵҲЩסԼ޸ӺΪ֪һֵֺܴܴĽȣΪʲôĸҲǴأ
˵Ӻ룬Ϊּһᣬͬأ
ӺƫԺһλС˴ͷүӺ̳ǹ
Բͣƺ±ϵĸоԵķһԵø֮
˵ʵӺ̳ǼϲӺˡΪģΪ͸ԶƲ˵ģƲҪʲôʲô
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¶Ӻ⡣
үϸÿλǡùýϾһӵ¶
Ӻ뵭һЦյģܱȼĺáӺ˹Ĳǡ
ūɫһݣæصǡүӢūס                        
лҪ˵Ӻ루㾹Ȼϲһն
:š㾯

 10 

ҩҩĻڶ˴·ݡ˵ȥԶʵҪ²٣֮ٲûҪٳһϸϸʱʵҲˡȻЩ˲ġΪնҩҩֻҲˡ
ҩҩ㰮ԵϺһҩҩֻ̫ʣЦ
ΪӦľСҩҩѡһߺɫԽаͷ˫٣ú˿߱ɻص׺ϣԵ˸ϲ
һģֱ껭޻Ҫۣ̫§ĸΡ
ϰҩҩ֣һɰȰҩҩɱĸҪġ
Ǯҩҩ϶Ե˵ͷҩҩ
Ц۽Ƕϸơ̫ƣǰҩҩöáõĹߵĴﶼҪϡġ
ɲôϻشȥ̫̫ҲǲסڵĿ䡣̫ס
ǺǺǡͷļλ˶ЦӦ͡
̫ǸϵӶʣࡣ̫ƣʲôЦʵ
̫ڰ֣ʲôģҲͰˡ
˼ȫ̫һ仰ŮôҲ¡
ϱҲͷǶϱл̫䡣ôһϼѣʣµʵǵ´㡣ˣˣģ
ǿ޿ʣȴ̫˼
޿Цǻؼҹ꣬ҪϾϾҩҩÿڼ֮ǰҲҩҩ
ҩҩ֪Լϳ£͵˸ۡ
̫Цһġ޿Ȼһϲȴ̫ʹҵķߡ
޿һۣףЦӦġҵֶŮȻ⼸ѡ
˵꣬ҩҩҩҩıݰɡһǳͣļҵıʡ˵ġ
ǣӦġ̫˳
޿⻰ܣôӦˣŵðݣҩҩ͵ݡòһǰͲˣòˣ˵ȫȲһն
˼Ҷ˵̫ϲŮָסţΪıռһռ̫Ļġȴû뵽̫խխģֻݵҩҩһ
һߣΨ̫ļҵ£æӵ̫Ѿ˹ڶģֻһԵʵҲѾ鷿ˣǽúõһ
ԽӣԽӡҩҩ˵ǰҲӣֻҪкóԵģȻǿĵ֡
⸱ϲ˿Ǽɰ˿ǳյ
ҩҩϲʲôڵĽӣһЦģʵĸ˾ӻȵģϺʼģ˿ģⳤٲ˵ġ
ҩҩܣʵγԼμзӶǵ˴ϲã˭Ҳë
ҪٵġҩҩСָָ̫ĸҪԳٵġĸԼ̫ãܻλ˵ʵڲֻ࣬װɵķΧ˵ϼ伪İˡ
ȴ֪̫Ҳһů˲֪ΨףѾͷȻһЩĵȴ
ֻƾһ㣬ЩĶϱ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ҩҩ˵⻰Ȼӷϲټ̫ͷǧﶼûҩҩһ仰
ڷű֮ǰܽ˵Ǹ֮˶ϲڷű֮ǰΪıϼζ
ǡʵµҲţԸСֱ¡һļϺö꣬СҲǿڸ
ᣬ˺Ӻ빫ûͺŷ׷׷ӦŹȻûӺ֡
˰ɡʵһŵ񿪿ڵλӶѾˡ
£Ȼġ빫ӲͦȢҩҩôôһԸƵģǰɡϳŴ
⻰˭Ӧ޿ðʧˡ
һƬžնʱֻҩҩһ۰Ͱ͵ĵȽӣЩ»첻⡣ӺȢԼͲָ񣬼ֱ췽ҹ̷
Ƽҩҩкã̫ҲδǳϦ˵Щʲôղͺ񣬳İҪģĹء
ǣʲôҲ˵ˡСȥ˶˽ӰɡϴԲ
һϣҩҩǵȵҪĻˡСͿʼ˵θ϶ЩҪԵöӵģһ˳죬˺ͨ
Ȼҩҩó˽ܲ˺ͨСһᶨӣҩҩֻðµɡ
ʮ̽ӱڵϣÿ˶ĵպϡȻҩҩϲϣòϵȷĵġ
ΪôֳͬϵĽӣÿֽӶжӦİӵɫװεľӻȽȣװԪεϺʼȣ˵ȵȡ
һƣ˽ʳ󿪡
ĸһҩҩſӼһ̫ߡֳ̫ˣЦص
ĸɡ̫һЦԼռһ
ҩҩٿһҧⳤٲڵĽϡ
㵯Ͼĳٲˣټϳ´̣֭ҩҩֻÿڳ
ȵȣԣʲôôӲôСˡҩҩһΡԼѾʮôôأɨˡ
С³ǿ
ϣҩҩԵĵһӱǰ˽ӵġϣѾͷǺεȵиѽѵÿڵ
ɲôôˣǸﻹͷһ˳ԵһԵСﾡ
޿һЦȥʱ︮ҲͷһԵСء֮Բ˵СﾣΪ︮ﾡ
ҲƲǽһ˰˰ٸءҵģǸ˶٣
޿ҭ˵٣ȻԲ˰ٸǶ֮ˡ
ҩҩһͷȥȻԼ³ССﾡװ֪ﾵ⣬ֻãȻգŴ۾̫
̫۽§ڻúӣúӣСﾣ¡Сﾣ޿ҩԣǺöǺö
ҩҩ̫ĻһЩһĸİͷһؾԭһ˵ĻůůǰĽʧȥȤ
һҹܿȥ˵˼ݲǸѹǮ⣬ûʲôֵһ¶ֱ︮˻Ӻ̳ӺҲٴָ
ָʱ

 11 

̳ǹҲˣϼææӴŴߡ
һƣֻһλŮǳϼа֬,ӣüϲɫĸ̳ǹģ
˵ǽŴ︮ϻ֮˼ŻӺ̳ǰꡣ
ǰ˲ٹ򣬿ϧԽҲϣֻð˼ͶӺ̳ǡԴǰԪƻƼӺλһκкøС
Цûȼ̫ȱʵ½ˡ𼱣ȥ̫ǺţȻܼġҩҩҲ̫ǣ͵ȥġ
һҩҩ˶ͷۡ
ԡҲԵģӺҹǰ¶ҲͰˡ˹棬߹Щź󡣡Ȱ
ͷҲӦˣִЩ︮ըӣ׼ȥҩҩġ
ָ˼Ҳûǰ㹧ˡҲǣסһǿˣסӶ˵Ǹϲߵɲ˷ô
ﰲ̫ſڳСѾԷһ£ÿˣЦҲޡ
⹷ۿ˵͵ӣӻһöСˣҲЩơ
Ѿ߹Ȼһ־ϲʱЦ⡣лȥɣſءҩҩСҲڣһء
̹ˡΪӣӦĴǮöҲֵġ
˵һöЩʹ
̫꼪飬λƽһűŴůͣյڣ֪︮ǿ˶ٱ
̫϶Ц꣬Ҳ˳۲١ѽѹѹꡣ
СѾ߻ʱӻһɰЦ˵˼伪Ȼ̫϶Щϲɫ
ļλ˼̫ȣȻҲװɵҲСѾ߸Ը˺ɰòˡ
û뵽ԼϷǰҲЩ⣬ЦҲСˣôѹǮ²
˵Ż۹ɨڳӼҩҩϣȴһ˼ҩҩǰѵĺɰװùĹҡ¹һͶԼյࡣ
ϲЩڨڨ
ڴû˰·ϣһЦҲȥˡ
̫ãָҩҩ˵һȥƫƫԼû̫̫ʳ
ҩҩЦ
ãҩҩԸȥͰˡˣԸȥȥůȥﶼǴˣҲá̫ĺá
ƽʱȻֵôӦɽȥӺ̳ǰʰءҲЦЦҩҩõģûȤȻ⣬ҲͲůˡˣЩҴӼģ̫
ѰըӰˡ˼ҼȻˣҲ˸ʡȴһԲŷ֣ӾѰġ
ȡʮĻեͣ춹ĥɳѹۣӷƳڣˣըǰĹӡȻҪ̫Եģ䷳ȴʡ򡣡
̫û뵽˼ҲЩϧˣɡ
üۺЦ֪̫ǲټƽǽ֮ˣǱ㰤ҩҩˣġ
ģҩҩø񣬱ԹԵĺļҲ𻰡
˲֪ҩҩȴ֪ġΪ˵Ӻ̳ǵġϱԼӺ̳Ƕ׵ͷһ꣬ҲġֻӦӺ밢Ӻ̳ܲûԼףȴҪ밲ɡ
ڹ˵ôҪ
ʵ֤Ӻ̳ǵȷҪʲôˡˣұӺø硣˵Ǹʵ°꣬ٲҪ̫һߡ
˸ճ˼öӣͷС˵Ӻҹӵˡ̫Ҫҩҩرܣȴ˵Ӻ̳ǣǱ㰴˼ҩҩӺ̳ǵĳȻñӡ
һԣԸĨĨߵ鷢̬ҩҩȥůһᣬһ㣬ʵЩ̲ס
̲סϷ˼
ҲգԿԼδĴֶӺֶϱҪôڹɡ
ǰӺ̳Զ˹¡վѾǵڷֲ̾˼Ҷ˵ӺҸֻǱõӺ̳һۣȷΪȻ
ҩҩҲڡӺ̳ﺬᣬҸ֪ҩҩϲʳҴЩΪڣ̫Цɡ
̫ȻЦǺӦˡˡ
Ӻѽ֮ãЩӦġӺ̳ٴЦҩҩ
ҩҩɵô˸ս鲻ѽǵϴӺ̳ǵʰһֱͣϵİôˣôԼʹء
ҩҩżż֪òжҲ׽յĴȻ򡣿Ӻ̳ǣô㶼Լ
뵽Ӻ̳ʵе㿴ˡϱǿҩҩʮ꣬ȴǿʮꡣӰ˳ĺӣһԼû
˵ڴϵĽӺ̳ǲ֪ĸ
˵ˣæȢأС檵ܵںͷǵֵѼӣɲ
̫̳˵Ҳˣͬһѧ飬ǺþòӺ̳ǵ
̫סǡǸ缸ůͷ㲻æߣһ˵˵
ãҵȷˡӺ̳˵⻰ֿҩҩ˶ǳ̳ͼݲãֻҩҩ֪֪ůߣ
ҩҩ·˼
ţů󡭡ҩҩʼװɵôѾ㲻ңҪң
Ӻ̳ΣѾͷǱǰˣôů󶼲֪ġҩҩһȥ棬òã
Ӻ̳̫ļδע⵽̫ɫѾ䡣ɲô˼ҵ̫̫湴Լδʲô¶
˵˼ǳնҲɰ
մĹãůȥ̫סƵģҲ˼֡
ǣ̫ЦתͷʩʩȻӺ̳ǵӺӣҴȥůɡůŵȣ紩ЩĪˡ
˵꣬ԾЩףϽһȥӺүָˡ
Ӻӣŷ֣Լ˵ô࣬˼ѹûԼ
Ӻ̳ǵһ˫۶ҩҩϣԹԳԵ𣬺ȻﲻԾҩҩĻǸնҩҩô
ΪʲôǰȢô˳ⱲȴӴͷͿʼ˳ԸңΪʲôǾãԼƺЩ׼˼ء
֪Ӻ̳ǺιʿҩҩǰͷӺ̳ǵӺӣҩҩҵϢˣȥůɡ
Ӻ̳һۣҲֻõ˵ͷ


 12 

Ӻߡ촽ͿɫЦĺÿǰͷһͷӺ̳Ǳں档
ȲǼ·ĹȻҪץʱ䣬˼ȥҲûʲô÷Ӻ̳Ǵ𻰡־ڵϣּǵùĸ˵֣͵ǣȴҲġ
ԥţȻܵվס˽š
һЦӺӿ£
Ӻ̳ʵЦȷһҪʱĹ⻪ӵ˵޷
˵³ɣ̳ԸΪıһл񣬴лʳǣ˳졣
һ⣬ϱ㻬ɫ
ڵһ򶼹þһЩֱʮζδɢÿʮĵƣһ֮ʢĽղꡣ
Ԫûģ˵Ҫȥߣһʣ̫ʲôϲĻƣǳȥˡһ̺̫ò裬һ˵
̫ЦС̫ܰŵС޺壬ôﻹʲôϲĻƣ뿴Ȼˡ
ǺǵһƬТİˡ˻ص
һЦӵ˵ĵ겻ͬԭĻ⣬䣬˸ɫơУֽĻɫЩʶ⻨ƵɫҲѤˡỹЩҶƳ档
ƣôһ˵ҵЩ⶯ˡ̫Ц˼񣬵չ˵ĺʱ򡣡
ӣǴá˵ԸȥҲˣ̫ʲôϼֵ
ǸһЦҵʵھãﲻȥҲǿϧǴڵһŽһΣŮٶǴõġ
̫ͷֲѾͷвġ⻰˵꣬պøҩҩſڽﻹһźµǺ«
ĸԡ޵ɽǺ«˵úܡ
СæСſڷŷ磬øСǺ«Сֻøһ֧̫ģȳġ
޷޷̫İҩҩˣ̾ѾͷҲͷ֣ȥŷŷˡ
ǰ㣬ڵ̫ŵùңҴҩҩȥƿɺã
̫һʱھߣϵҲ͹һˡٶ켸ԺСԶԶţضµġ
ϱüԪͷ̫࣬ҩҩδؿϸ㣬ҿǰˡ
ҩҩȥ𣿴ĵƯƯĵҩҩЦ
ҩҩᡣ˵ʵΪˣ߳ŵĻҲ֮٣οʢĽͷ
Ҳ뿴Ǵ˵еж೤˽εж
ǰ޸Ӻ̳֮ÿÿԪڳΣһϡϧԼ߶ϡ
òᣬȻȥġֻõǴģе㲻ġ
̫ҩҩ۰Ͱ͵ӣѾ˼֡ѾͷƽʱԸվڶ⿴ܴȥָ˳ʲôء
һ뵽˱ȥˣ̫һ
ɣҲȥôǸҩҩͷҼҶСӣһҩҩĪȺɢˡҲҪѰŲźá̫ϸ
֪ٲԼ죬ú޹ѡ˳ȴʵǸɽ뵽⣬ɵƳһۡ
óԺú㣬㻹ƫƫҪ۶ӣ
ҩҩȥƣòã̫ͷʵ
ҩҩĸԼõȫҲǷģ۾Цҩҩϲơ
һϲЩӵ۶ɴ֡㣬ƣΡ
С죬ȥÿҪȥǱƯƯȥ̫Ը
꣬ҩҩѶģ˿óո´ÿˡ
ҪνٵļаһˮɫĿ˿ȹӣǸ֯ë̺춷񡣷ˣҩҩʲôǺÿġ̫Це
һİ˾ҩҩϱһȡ
òϣ̫۹ʵںáѻûԳŸӣѾĵҩҩƵĽᣬòߵŮ
ǾţﵭЦһնƫҪµšҪҩҩżҵţܲܽƵš
ԼӺõģܼռ๫Ļģֵŵ˲ſڱ˵ĸۡվȽŸ
ʲôãȲóԿ೤ĺӡ
ҹʮĺӣҩҩ˾ֻϳſơղ˺ڣȻСˣ˵Ѿڸſڵš
ҩҩС컻̫ѣЦгСߡ
С㴩·ֱŮ㡣СƬ̲ųС㲻Ǹնжá
ߣߣơҩҩŲЩ£ֱС˸
ָλò֣˹һŵСǣǺɡ
һֱɫĴ֮ڶ֮ǻҹ졣ٵһƬյأֻͷǱ𡢲ȸΣҩҩֻԼ۾
ҩҩƣǴĵƻ̡Ǵڣ˭Ȳҵĵƶ࣡ƣأȻҲǿģҩҩһȥԶԶţ۾ȴҲ˲Ͽҩҩ
λɹҪƣλеĹΧСʱʵ
ҪյƣҪյܽصƣӰɴƣƣ˶ˣҪһյơᳵ·˵ûѾ߳ţ⼸յƱֻҩҩߵļš
СյҩҩС㣬ϲһҲһյǮġ
СҲҩҩЦλɰýȴǸ˵ġ
öÿҩҩŬ죬Ϲ
СһŴŴĳôЦȡǵƵСöǹ϶ŵġɣСöˣԸﳤꡣ
ҩҩ˵ƣ㻯Ц⣬ǵС
ö˼յƣһҩҩƤһͻһյ²Щ⣬ҲС˼ƲףռǵĵϽӡ
ū澱ǴġС첻»˵
һٿڣȴС츶ǮĹ򣬳ҩҩĵطܡҩҩ㿴
СæӺɰȡһöСһ̧ͷʱ㷢λŮѾܵûӰ
ǼӣΪŸɫܲڲԶǰ

 13 

ҩҩʹʱŷѾ˳ߵ˷ĵط뷽ŵƻͨĵطȫͬΪ˱ƹķͷ˴˻⣬һƬġ
ǺƵĻȼţâҲ˶£ͷ
ҩҩ־ûƣһĿܣȴȻܵһ⡣ţˮ֪Ӻδʱ˴롣
С㣡С׷˹ȴͣϨ֮ǰűһƬϮ
ȵת˲ȼʱСŷ֣Żǰҩҩ˫˫ˡΨһյûƣڵϴŹ
ҩҩǱġСһƬڣһζķɳǰݲͷҶ
ҩҩҩҩû°ɣߴ٣ȴš
ҩҩֻܷӦԼسţļˡҪĸҪĸҩҩſǻֻ뺦ԼҪǵ̫
ûжͷүĲݷʲʣ
Ĳ֣Ȼʵɽ·壬ּš
ˣɽͷĻȻ˵Ҳ˼ֽơôɽأ
ɽѵˣҩҩ²ڵӺ̳ǽ
ҩҩ»ţ뷨¼Ǻӳ⣬ȴһ˺Ȼϳֱ˵Ŀڱǡ
ʱ߼žһƬֻһڹ˵Ӱ˸ڻ
ҩҩɵĴȡԼɵˣװ±Ӻ̳ӵ⡣ƾ
źߡһֳڵϣ̧չµӴ˿ȴŵ˺ڻǰһͷ
ȻƼӺ̳Ǻӣҩҩʵͷãڹ˵С
ˣȻ䵽˵ֻſϷˡ뿴Ӻ̳Ⱳӻڳʲô
ӺӣĶҺҩҩôʹļ˵
Ӻ̳Ǽòѵľ̾һܡ
ݼҩҩơȴֻܿίͰ͵ĳȻ棬նҪװġ
ߵҩҩߣ˲ϵˮ§ļ򣬳Ӻ̳˵Ӻӣ˵˵ôˣʲô£һԲߡ
Ӻ̳ǵͷ̾ԭԼͬԾƣȴڻؼҵ·һɽˡҼ֮ᵽָ֣¾òף׷ǵɽϡȻҸյɽϱǽǶ˴ӳ￸˳
ɽ˲࣬ƺ󲿷ֶͷɽɱһȻ˳ϧǺͷϻˣʼ׷֮£ֻɽ
ڣһȻɽֻҪһҹܵȱӺ̳˵꣬Լ˿ڵ
ҩҩ̲ס
һһĲҪҲ˵ôɽ壬˵һ֮Լҩҩͷһš
ʲôҩҩ֪ܲ˶е㱾£ĸɶ޸֮
µҩҩҲȫˡ
£Ӻ̳ϼɽ˲µļơһӢ۾Ϸ룬Ȼڶڳǵ˶֪ҩҩһɽﹲһҹ
ϢһųȥԼ٣ֻ˫˫޸ƫָöӺ̳ǺммԼ
ޡǲҪҩҩԼ⣬Ҳܸ˵ɳ֮
ҩҩùǺǱߵȴѾʼ·ˡԭˣӺӿҩҩľˡӺӣ˿ڻѪûвǲɵġ绹á
Ӻ̳ʮ⡣ǰʹˡ
һԼЮ˿ڣһ߿ҩҩ񣬱ͬԼ֮һ㡣
ȻӺ̳ҩҩЩת룬ҩҩӺ̳ǵӣܱŮǿࡣնöԸӻԼ
οӺ̳ǽս²õüԲԼɰˡ
ɽڣӺ֮УСǰ˵үָ˵ּСҩҩտƱͽˣϢӺүǱѾȥˣҪҪҲȥƣ
ءӺԥ
⣬үҩҩδޡСѵ
ӺǱ˵ЦǸǿĳն
С˻һӦūȥӺү˵ү˯ˡ
šӺ˵ͷѹû鵽ȥȴԾͣ
ƺﲻԾȵȡ
ūڡ
Ӻ̳ǿڸӺ̧ʵ
ڣӺүһ죬˵ӺӽȥͬԾƣûӺү˵ͷҵúܣ˸ϽӺһҪС˴
ӺһȻ߳Ц⽥Ũȥɡ
ǡС˲ҪͷӺִ
ȥӺүϽϼȮֻҪҵӺӣҲҵǳնҩҩˡһ䣬ȥˣӺɾͱĺöȫˡ
⣬ūסСһ仰ҲûȴǵͷϽӦ
ɽ¶ѩ׵һƬѿʽӱüͣѹţԵׯЩ
˿̣ȻЩ¡
׻㼡Ӻ̳ǵǰЩ⶯Ӻ̳ǵͳ㣬䲻䣿
绨һ˿ڻӳԵۡɽз磬Щġ
Ӻ̳ǵͷ̲ס첲ļϡС˶һ漴ȴ˳ӵĿĻ
Աߣҩҩһ֣̿һġ
Ҫʲô˵ǸյģҲܵҵ涯ֶŰˣϱӵجҪˡ
뵽޵вУ뷨ܳȥطٴһᣬԼҪ۲ɡ
˵ˣһޣǿҪٴյӺ̳Ƹˡ
Ҫĸҩҩװºʵȴ¶ܳȥͷĻɽˣҲùⶴӺ̳ദ
ٳţǡƼµİ磬߽ɳһƬԼģָٴϡ
Ȼһ
ҩҩӺ̳뺰
ҩҩͣɽϽ˳ȥһܲҪպһ˸ߵĺɫȮվſڡ
ͣȴ޹֮⡣ŶŶҩҩ¹ֿȮһߺţһߡ
ҩҩᣬɽӺ̳ǳ˳ԥ֮ɫҩҩԼƻҪһˣҪʲôã
һҩҩȮסɵôߺЦȻ춼ڰԼҩҩվס⹷ǻҧ˵ġ
Ϊǹǳҩҩȥģȴû뵽Ӻ̳仰˵꣬ǺȮԼ

ף̳ǣ㾹ᣬǷ˺ȮҲϵɽſڡ

 14 

ôˣӺ̳ﺬ˾㤡ձǹţ˿ּԼ׵ɲһ亹ô
ǣٲӺҵ涼Ҫ㶪ˣӺϪӺ̳Ǹ㼡¶Ůӷ޷޵
˵ǸӵģӺ̳Ǽǰ͵
ЩίϽӺϪסӺ̳ǵ֡ȴû뵽־Ӻ̳һ˦
Աߣҩҩʹơڹ˵ඡ
ӺϪȻȫӺҵģҩҩͷӡ㲻˽ӡ
ЩˡΪҩҩߵ˻ֻ¶Ų߳ɽ
ǣ׻ѩȫ¶Щ˵
ӺϪɫơ
ҩҩ￴ţ±ЩЦ˵ԼҲ˹ǺֻáһӺ̳ԸҪùôָӺ̳ǴյһȥˣʡԼ˼
֮󣬹Ȼһж˳˳ˮ
λƣǵָſڡ̫Ϣ˿Դүſڵš
һƼҩҩС̫ӷܿˣҩҩܿˡ
ҩҩʵûʲôˣֻһĻﻹһů漴Ц̫Ĩᣬÿģɿˡ
ľͺãľͺá̫§ڻϡΣųӺ˵Ӻˡ
һͷңҼү˵ˣ²ҾӹȫҼ̳ǹӶ̫һƬТġ
ô˵̫ʵ
˵ø̫͡˷ɽܽˣҼҹżƼˣƴҩҩΪλҼҹҲˣŲ̫ʰ
ԭˡ̫ͷȴû˵л
˼̫磬ֻ¼˵⣬Ҽүһһ̫йġ
ôˣ̫Щ͡
̫Ҳǻƣ˿ѹסһǴ´ࡣ
˼̫ͣʱڵϵҼүһ̫֪֣Ǹָȥ︮
⻰һȻʲô˼Ӻ̳ھ˵ʱа֮£дһʡ
ȥʵ֣ʵȴĻĸšָܣȻӺұҪָƸ
̫ǺЦ§ҩҩȴǸּҸСŮȥתӺˣ˵Ƿֺ֪
޿ںͷľȴҲֻϲ˵̫ԼǧĵֶŮܼ޸Ӻ̳ˡ
˿֮µǺ¡ֻǲֶ֪Ů˺εֶΡ
ǣСףСȥתү̫Ъˡ˹ֵ
ʵԶŵü̫ĸףָҩҩҲжΪζ䵭
ӣˣ̫ѵ÷˻
ʵһ
æʵµӣǰȰ̫ѹѹҩҩ
̫˿קԼӵС˶ŻϵȥָʲôлҲ׼κ̸¡ҩҩ˯ȥЪ˰ɡ
ϵͷӦ޿ȴ̫ûء
̫ѹµĻǵǣԼȥѰǽȥˣҲٻָˣ
ļ̫ӣҲŵˣҲҶ䡣
ҩҩԣ𣿡̫ˣʵ
ҩҩڴڵĺźǽ裬ȱ˲Ŵ˸С˵ûеģﶼʹ
һΣ˭Ҳû㣬ǲǣ̫ʡ
ҩҩʹҡͷˣСˡ
ûˣ
ţҩҩͷͷ
ǱãǱáĸĴĸһ˳ȥġԣٲ·ˡ̫
ҩҩĸıһƣ˯ȥ
ֱеС̫£ͷͷϣߵ䣬ӵ˵˵
׵ǵ˸յӺӺү㵱죬˸е˶ȥҡֻҹңվûĿĵġ˵Ӻ˸⣬ӺҵС㡣
Ӻ룿̫΢УƱ㶼βǡӦ
ּ̫˵оͷ֪ˣȥСн˵
ָҹδߣһߵӺ˿Ҳֵ
žƤ޺ĳӺ̳ǵϣһһ¡
Ӻ̳ʧյķ棬ӺϪĵӡҲ˵ҽֻǾˣδǶӴˣҲҪöҾںδ
ںδ㾹Ȼ˵㲻֪ԼںδǺǣǳ͢٣ʮŵɴñ㾹˲ܣΪһŮǽٷ˹ᣬ˵ѵǴӺϪ˫ַ
˵ʲôӲסΪ˾˹˷ѣǵʱǷ˴붼ͷЩҪɥһΪʲôΪּңΪӺҵǰ;Ӻ̳ն
ҵɽ֮ʱܱ߰ӰûУķͽӺ̳ǣԼԼƵѣΪıƭȡǸŮӵĻġ
Ҵδ
ǱΪҩҩӺ̳ǣǷˣδӺϪ
ûʲôҩҩҲΪңҪŶӽն˵ĻӣֻǼΪӢ۾δааӺ̳˵⻰齻ӡ
ͣӺϪĺöӣöӣӺϪӺ̳ҧϣ²ӿĪʧ¶ӷµıǶһедֵĵߣҲ
ΪʲôŶأӺ̳Ĩһˮ̳ԸģΪ˾ˡ
ӺϪ̾һԼĶԼ˽⣬Ӻ̳һ֮ǽٷ붷Ѳ֪ٱˡ
Ӻ˵öԣǽԼûЩҵӺ̳ǣӺѾˡ
ӺϪϣֻԼϵúܡǵ㣬̫ɵļƲߣ˶ܿóˣǲţ֤㿴
֤Ӻ̳ǵһ
ˣӺϪС˸׽š
㣬ּҿ̳ϵȵĺҩӺϪʵСҡͷүĻδ
ּҿ˵л֣
δ
統ͷȣӺ̳ǡ

 15 

֪ȥɡӺϪҲûǸԼΪӺүơ̳ǣƼ𣿲ֹ㣬ּҲ㡣
⻰˵꣬ڱָһƬž
Գţ˼š
̳ǣǵûҵ㣬磬ӺҵһˡӺϪ٣쿪ڵ
Ӻ̳ĵͷ
㣬ֻһ¡ٲҪҩҩˣֻӦ㣬Ȣ
ǣӡ֪Ӻ̳ǳҾء´ͷβԼֱʣΪһҩҩԼǳԻҩһ㡣
ŶûдˡӺҵĳӣһλȱˡ̳ǣĻȻһ·
ǡ
ȥɣȥлģϾδּңлӺϪ
һӺ̳ǵϡʶⱲӣҪҩҩʧ֮ˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôﾹĪȱС
һնˣǰ⣬ôˣ
ӺѲŻصָġȻȻ︮ȥճ£һҪָҲҪĸΪԼȫ
ָǰҹſ䣬ֻһǣô˸ֻȥʱ򴩵ϣȴһǳ̡СӣҲԱ֮ɫ
ĸأСԺſڵѾߵ
Ѿ˵֮£ñǿ׳˯ˡү˺ôĻء
һ±㷣֪ԼⱩָ̫Σ
ѾԲ˲ӵ˵ү
ǿһ¡
գӺ֮ڡ
үΪҩҩ£̳ǹӹⲻˡ´ֵҩҩտûԺﱻ߶
ءӺ֪ΪΣǲͷӺ̳ǡ
Ӧһǣ漴ֵ̳ǹӻūһ˵ֻ⻭˵գǹ»С˹Ǹ
ֻ̧һλŮݾ£˫ĿӨӨ΢˫ǳǳ۵촽һ毺õЦݡ
ǡ˻شӺѾǸԼĹǳնĦԼӣૣɰ
ȥӺüƿߣȴǲĻ֡
ǱǻЦϴ
ǡūȥˡ
šʶĴӦţȴʵΪҪ٣
һ⣬֮ǰ˵ô֮󣬳Ǭ֮⣬˵Ļ֮ۡǰ˵ˣԺֻһ˵Ļ
Ӻɫƣ±Ц˵ӺӱϾֶӡֶТ˳Ļϸ÷Žﰴš
˰֣أȥˣӺȴ̲סһЦǳն
ָʮ
ɾû緹ˡ̫СѾͷ۳Ŀϵҩҩ
ҩҩ˸켸䣬Ҳ𣬵ȴӳúܣƤҲΨж仹⡣
ҩҩҩҩ̫ҩҩ۵СŰһֲýһζԭ˷纮ˡѽҽʿơ
ҽʿſﶨ˵Ƿ纮̫ŷ²٣Ը˰Ŷᵽһҩҩһá
λϱҪ̺ŵġֻҩҩ£ųԵǽһѻȸﶼС̺ţΨ̫Ļ
ֱ޿ֶ߽Ůϲ´ͷԣűЦ̫Ҫ︮Һôһˣ˵һ
ָزЩ»ƽҲѰɽȴһһ⻰̫ͷһϵͷϡļҵĹأ˵˵߱ߡ
ָҲ˶ʮϱˣͷһܴ裬Ҳǵڵ
վ̫󣬲Ȱǰˡ˵ʵ̫ƢʵǶõģֻصʵڴ̫ۣ˼Ҳǳ
ʵ±̫ԼҲ˰ޣҲǲµáʮˡҩҩ£мġ
˵ǿǳ̫εʣȻסĻ۽𾦵ġ
̫ˡſڵСѾߴ
Ͽ̫ɫ
һţ㿴ԼĹĸ½׽ʱһš
̫СҩˡСѾС̫ŭĿӵɫһҩҩ˵ιι˱һᡣ
һ᣿ҩҩС㿴ܷİɣСѾ߶ʱ⡣
̫һӡңұزùһ㣬ҩҩѧ쾡¡
СѾߵֺҩֳС뼦˿࣬ҩҩžԼľ˲٣оĸԼʰСˡ
ͺԼҪϱ·Сˡ
Լ
һߣ˿̵ɫѾˡ
һᣬ㷴ӦˡԼҲǸ︮ССˣӺ̳ǵˡ̫ɮ濴棬ﻹ״Լ޷ҲԼϸˡ
ԼӺˡһֵ̫ԼΣĴӳͷڳǵĭ͵ıּҡҩҩԼųȥģ·ңǺε
ȵ
ϧ׻̫ᣬⲻ֪ϵ
˼̫һڣѹûմҩҩһ£ֱ˵һҪ¡˵ӺǶɽǺ¡ģ˭Ŵʲôѣʱִʲôǲ˵
⻰һʱȻ˹ȻѾβֲӺҹӷҪ֡
˿۹ⶼ
ɵˣ⣬̫ôƣ⣬ԼԼܣָθɰ
ʸûȿڣֱ̫˻ȥ
˵Щ±ҵ£Ҳ޸ɡȻָסôãٲҪʹ֮ܽȻԺٳ⵵£ͷǾָʧְɾͲ
ⷬҩҩԱ̲סֽкáĸĸһֱëõͷʰ˭ж
ҲǳסˣһŵҪؼĸ׵ģĸ׻Ϊ
ˡ̫ڰֵѾ︮˵ɴָޣЩٷ︮
ʱְסָǸԼ棬ĸ׿϶ܾζţԼҪ̫ĥ¡
⣬Ҳ̫尾ˡû뵽̫ǺԼһ׼ȫ׷ˡ
ȻԼˡ
뵽ҲûУֻˣ޵л̫һƬ񰮡˼ĸףǺã

 16 

޷︮ˣĸԻȫ԰ɣϡ̫
޿һͷ׽Ҳ˵ͷǣǡ
áҵģһйһา棬Ƿ̵²ϣŷ̫ٵ
һ̫ԼĴˣ޿ﻹҲҲû뵽̫֮ƣֻԹ˷Լͷϱݷ
ãǴӽ𣬾ͷҵĶﳭдŮ¡ٱ顣
ͷƼ򵥣ʵȴĥˡƣǲ˵ͷǹܱᷳƵ˷衣
ɫѿˡٱ飿һŮǧ֣泭˰ٱ飬񲻰ԼҪ۶ϣ
ƫƫ˿ֻûаͬ顣ԼȻҪԼ
飿̫ӡ
ֹ飬ֱһϲġֶˣһ̫Ǹɵֻѹ»
˵ʲô˵ʲô
ûСӲһŴŵԼʵࡣ
Ǳãɢ˰ɡ̫ڰ˵
ǹͷǡһ£˶̫óϷ
˶ˣҲøɸɾ̫ҩҩߣ֡
˵ֻţ¾áҩҩ̫ϧӣǵǰʱԼ˺󲻾ĸȥˡ
ԺּұƣӺȴּҵλԳʢľ£ҩҩӺĵλ᧿Σϲ̨檶ʼεŰ
ֱ󣬱Ƶ˵ԼԼܡ
𣿡ҩҩָָ̫ĸ̫ȰЦˡˣĸûԱǲǣ
ҩҩɵͷ
ĸˣĸһ㶼̫üĿ˵գִҩҩùһյССƣ˵ˣ˵Ǹûչ˺㡣ƣƺòÿġ
ҩҩЦͷÿÿ
ЦһšȲˣĸ㿴С顣
պ磬ָһƬס
ҡ۸⡢÷ţ̲衣⼸İСϣֲһ÷ƿССϣϵλӷ
һ񣬴˿ʫڳһǹ͸ҩҩһһҽ죬һСַһ
̫̫࣬ʱʱϣС˶СļŽøɲãΨŪ˰
һʵ̫ÿС첻֪ԡ
ֱͯ𡣡ӣҵ˵㡣
üͷ֪ˣȥ
ͯӦˣҩҩıӶһᣬŲŲæߵͷᣬѶ롣
˾½̸ڴߵҩҩһ
硣תݺ䡣
˼֡ĸȷų飬㲻ĴεοŮбֱҸǲס
͸ֽҩҩǿ̧ܿԼ촽ƣҲŮ£㼸Ҫ̧ˡҳٱ飬ǳ˷ˣɴ಻Ҫˡ
ǸֱԵģ̲ס飬Ůµֲ࣬δЩ顣
Ȧˢķ졣˵ﻰŮͽܸкȵġ
⵹Ҳǡ˵ĸ飿ºһЩ
ҡͷ˻󣬰ƤŹ⡣Ϊ񿴼һĻ⴩˼ѣסͷĺ䡣磬֪ѧö飬ôãȻкܶ
ЩȥǰŮˣ̸ֹҲ֪ΪΣȴǺԺŮһسѾ
лֱ˵ǡ񿪿ڵ
һ漴ίɫ˵磬֪ϲʶһЩӵܡǿΪ׬ЩǮⳭ֮¡
Ļû˵꣬ɫѾˡҪҴʣ
Ǵʡֻ̫࣬һ˳Щ˰æˡģԻᰴϵļ۸ӵġ
ʱ˿̣ӶǲҪ֡ǶˣѾҪˡ
Сˡ
ơ⻰ʲô˼
ЦּҲʳ֮ңӽԶΪϡҵǰʶּ֣ҵĶˡ
ɫһƬҰס
ȰһЩָȲĵ˼ݹĸͻ︮ȥǶŭ
ҲкøС˳Լֻ޲طȥСֲô飬֪һǶ˵ļɻ䡣
㵱׸ŸøΪңֻԼίᣬ쮳滨ˣ֪ˣǶƲҡָˣ
ֻһڡԭƤ֮£Թ֮ġֲĸǲԼŮ̸ԭɵġ
ڣҩҩ̲סࡣ˵ʵڻָȻʢ˭ҲδССҲʮֺġ³ֻùԼһٶ⸮ﲻߣεû¡
ҼסӣضǳնǿٱʱɱΪң˺
ҩҩ̲סкáôߵֻһС檵ǿϧˡ
ңԼδֶӵС檡
ҩҩǣǰԼôǻ񣬴˿̾ȻΪԼֲһ䡣ã֪ǿ˶ٱ
һţݻҲ˵ˣתܡ
ҩҩһĻǰһաӺ̳ǲǸԼһɽҩƼˣ˶ίƵģȦһ죬Сһܳȥˡǳе
ҩҩɵһҡҡͷϽһţ̲ѹ
߸տһϷҩҩûȸ׽ʾλĸмͷСѾ߸С촫ˣСȥء
⻰ҩҩϽһҡǿӺϪ֮ޣҲԼǰš

 17 

ǽһλүŮʱãֱӺҺ˻ǣŵ˻ҡ
ⰲȴĲԼĿ˵ԸˣڳǶ԰о˽µۣ˼ӣȴƢ
˵ҩҩǵǰʱʵûдĥԼţ׼ȷ˵ֻȫȫİԼɵӶѡܰĥĴԼö࣬ҲΪӺ̳ǰ̫Եʡ
ôЩżԼĶӸŮ˹ϵ̫ãеһ
ҩҩһ̰ɫ磬ĵѩ£±СȥˡֱţŷⰲŵáǻûѾ˴˵ҪԼˡ
⵹ϡ۰Ͱ͵ıԼƵġ
Сָ£ҩҩȥ̫Աһ˹ӳԣһ˵
ǰʱ򣬰ǲδָġҩҩҲ֪ΪΡ
̫ӹǵӲʵ
⻰һ˱Щ졣ּҵ̫Ǻεǿ̫СһģʥϿҲֱ档
ⰲ̫ƽһ㣬±ôһ䣬ȻЩʡ
̫ϹſЦпĸ㿵衣
ͷԴСѾȡ˱ƲĭˣЦ赹һ㣬̫Ŀζ
վ̫ǰЩȥ豾ǰ̫͵ģȷָá
ڨڨЦˡԭ̫̫ﻹҪá
Ҫ֪ʮ궼û̫ˡ
ǣ̫̫Ҳȡõ
ӣڽĶԻﵹЩ
Ҽһ̫ȱ˵⸮¶࣬Ҳû鿪ֱϪ̸˵ȻָǧȴҲû˼չȫǳҹ£
̫һ⻰ǵЦŨЩֱߵһһµƲȥĭӣΣһڡ
ֱʼ̫ûлػ˼ڿ˵޷
ƮƮ֣ȴгѹѹȡ
±Щ͡ԼÿϸӸǸ̬ȣǱЩɫ˵ҩҩ˸գ֪¿ɺЩˡ
ȬˡϽӵ
ǱãѾͷơ˵ѾͷøŮƵģȴûǹ΢Ц
һ漴ʶڵҩҩΪˡ޿Ц̫ŵλɲҩҩô
ס⡭Ѿͷɫ㽿Ϊҹ̳ǻû뵽ǳնҩҩ
ҲɵӰ
Щ˼漴ȴȻ֮ɫֲ̳ǵһ㣬ԭҩҩҲǸһ˶
ûƳЦҩҩȻǺòֲ̳ܸ߶˵ҩҩǷ񰲺á֪ҩҩǸյģһΪҩҩ˼һء
ҩҩƺ޷ӦȴȻֻ׵֪Ӻ̳ǹֵԼֲˡ
˵˭ϡĵĶǸⲻǸڹ˵ˡ
һ仰˺üˣԼǲ
ҩҩ̫ۣ˵⻰̫Ȼܡ
ϵЦ⽥ˣҩҩָŰҩҩĳɩˡҩҩţףҪƴɩҪƴֶ̳
ֶ̫Ѱܵ˵ġôһ仰ʱҭð˵
ҩҩԼøĸǿߵߣŴɩӺá
ֻöЦǸһ棬һȴҲôһҩҩն˲̳ǵͷ
ȴû뵽ԼŸղų˻ͷ̫˳ɩ˵ѹû˵
նɵˣ겻ڵĳԼôҾǸʲô
·꣬ȴֻôʳһˮǿЦȨǼˡҩҩҲƴǣֱЦнˣص̫¡
ҩҩĻ磬Ҳûʲô˵ˣ˵˼Ϊ֮£˵ԻᶨƸҲˡ
Ҳ̫︮ͷӦ
˰޿ҩҩϰ²ɵһ̾Ϣƾʲôöնռˣ˵ǰʱ򣬾ֶûᣬɼûġ
ѵ˵ǰòƷ񣬾ıȲǰնҩҩҪҩҩѾɵ͸ˡ
ת룬檣ټ˸ҩҩ޵ĲǸӣʲôϢ
վӸЩ
ţ޿һЩ̧̫̫һ׮£
̫ӣϴʵ£¡
µ£˵ֵ̫
޿Ц̫׮²㿪ڣұ⡣沶ڣҲ뷨ӡ
̲ס͵һۡ
Ҫ˵޿ҲʵǸü۸ߵ͵ģ̫Ϊ߶
ʲôܸ̫õʱ˵أ
޿ã̫ͷЦǸЩүµĹСյЩ˵ǸպûŲһȱְԳӱϵġ
ⲻҸ뷨Ӵ˴գϧȱͷǳȥ裬ıּҵ棬ֻúƤǷʣࡣУǱȳһЩ޿˵ӻֻÿڸϽһڲһ
޿ӹнǮҩҩ̫۾һУǰ׮¡ʲô֮£޿ԼҲء
ȿװǵĸȻͬ⣬ûС̵ԼƭǮ˵ǰû̫͵ĽӣԼڵõЩֵǮҲֵǧ˰㱻ƭߴ롣
⻹ճڲߵء
˵ѾС̣ҩҩǾԼӦϾǮĻѾˡ
ţȥǮȥ˱ҩҩ
ǰ̫ɫɲƣڰֵ£ܵõʵ»
޿Ҫٿڣ̫Ѿ§ҩҩڻΡ˵ˣֶŮŮ¿ɳˣ
һ£޿㴹ͷ˵ùȻûֻ̫ŮӶûˡ˿̫ҩҩ̲סпһͬ˲ͬ
˰ˣ£ǵǺӸԼ⡣                        
лҪ˵ղ~ղ~o(ini)o

 18 

лҪ˵ղ~
һҩҩſڱһֻһֱֻԼĽ档
ȻﶼΪҩҩǸնԼ֪ⲻԱֶΰˡĸһӻԼҲֵھ͸ߴʵ顣
ƫƫԸΥĸһղһգԼҪ޵Ӻȥɲǵÿװɵ㶲ô
ʱ˿̣ҩҩѾǶ˯ûԼĻʣĴ࣬ټϽյѹǮ֮ǰµģһСһǧӡ
С춼֪նѾôǮˡʹΣ˵ҪҩҩܣҩҩȻ׻˸ۣװɵҲͺŪȥˡ
С֪УһնƵüҲãҲһֻ۱һֻֻۡҩҩÿµǷСġ
Ϊ˲غЩ˽ǮҩҩԼıʹ˸այպܽЩӶסһͷһǣǼġ
ϱӵԼͲ֪ǮǸʲôζⱲᵽˡСԽԽ࣬һˬ
ҩҩԱǮ㿪ʼ˼ҵû´˿̿ѾԼӣٲ㣬ָγ֡
֪ˣĸߣԼԼ鷳ˡתһ룬ˣҲˣǶûȤ
ʵ֤ҩҩĲ²ȻǶԵġӳ¿ʼ޿㿪ʼǰһ㣬εСæѡСһߣԺֻʣһЩСѾߣȻǺֵġ
ҩҩɲɵÿÿС첻ڣһСѾ滨ƣŪѾͷǻҲûл֡
˼ΣҩҩȥҲǰ취һǻԼǳɵģˣ¶Ϊǿ
ƭҵǮ˼Ҵġ
ָ³̧ͷĺӣλ̫ȸơ
¶ôҲգҲⳡ¶˸ͷϼһܳû̫Ļıˡ
ʮŮ£˵۵ͨ죬ͷԷΣⳭŮ͵̫̫һ䡣
ҩҩǲȸƣҲûǰסڵ±ıʱʱӿȡһġ
̫Եö˱ЩסԹԣҺЩˮĳԶϸġ˵գҵСҩҩιţ̲裬ܼȸơ
ӹȻǵþŵġ
һᣬҩҩԱˣ̫ơϧ̫ãʮѣСﾶˡ
ҩҩ£̫ãҩҩĸưա
ҩҩˣ̫ԱǴ´࣬Ǳһˣ̫ơ
˼Ҳ£һնˣʲô
޿˿ӮúҲЦЦ̫Ҳûˣҩҩˡ
Ϸԣ̫֣ԱһԼҹĸǮѶɵҲһЦûסĸ̫ãһ߰ѵׯǶסˡ
֮ǣҩҩҲõġ
޿⡣
ҩҩָ̫֨ơȴ룬һȦ̫꣬ҲǾˡ
Թԣ̫һĸ̾ŲϲɫֻΪһƣû¡
޿ԴЦ̫齫нһ齫Ƿ˲ġѽƲҲġ
ĸǼãֻҪһ±ӮˡЦĸѾӮʮˣҲʮء
˵ǡ޿ﺬЦ˦fȥ
ˡ̫fһЦ
̫ҲŴһƣǺͿˡ޿캰
̫ЦʢҩҩѣץֻһfˡһɫţѵҪʮء
ȥȻ̫齫ƶfһţԵ¶ûС
ϲǮЦӦ̫һرˡ
޿ϣֱֱ̫ϸȥ˼ҲȴȷʵǺˣֻӲİѸӮǮͳȥ롣
˱Ϊҩҩײֻ˴ˣȴû뵽ļҲˡ䲻ҲһɫҲ׾ٱˡ
״ż˵ĸҪҲһɡ
ڷ˼̬¶ЩһѣαҲҪѧ˼Ƶӡ
ҩҩǸնҲ޷Ǵˣ˭֪һƻ᲻ʲô
˵һơ޿ڴĿȥȴһ
ҲǾˣһʮƣûһܿһġ
Ҳˣһųȥɡ
ɫڨڨĵͷ漴ϸѡ죬ڶһۼȥ

˳ٳûжһҪ޿˵仰Աߵ̫һЦ
ҵǲſȱһۼСԣҲʮӡ̫ЦƵ
һ⻰޿ˣ˰ˣģǸ˼Ǯ
⻰˵ã̫ЩǮʲôѲ㻹Ӯ̫ģ
⣬Ȼǵġ޿ǺЦȴһۡ
˼Ҷ˵齫ƵҪЩɼȻˡָҩҩЦҩҩԼҲ涼ϲȫģҲ֪ΪʲôõǳϦҹĽﾽйأ
㣬ҩҩ̫˲һʱ̫Ӯ޿ֱ齫ɢ˳ҲûӮһΡ
ճŴʮӼҵףȫùˡ
Ӷҩҩ׬ģ϶ȥﾻɽģҩҩɡ̫Це
ҩҩЦۣһüһ쵹ǰ׬˶ʮءҶ뻹ϵġ
޿ֶŮˣ˿ĵĲʹ졣նֱԩ
˶ɢʱµĻʵǰ಻ס˶ûƼݺݵĵҩҩһۡ
ҩҩЦѧСۻġ⻰С̵ģֻѧƽʱ̵Լˡ
˭أ޵Լ˳ֻ࣬÷Ȼʵɵˡ
ҩҩЦֻ֣ǿɵǾûɵŶɵŶ

Ȼն˵׻ġɴҲƽϣСȡĿնͷ棬ͷȴҩҩĽ¡

 19 

ſ񣬽ӮҵӡնˣϸˤŶԡ
ͷʯ壬ҩҩһˤȥʮа˾Ҫġ
ϧҩҩʮֻЦȴǸܵȹյķȻǸĺ£ҩҩϱӺ֪ٴΡ
ƫƫÿһӺ̳ǰժøɸɾ˵˼Ӻ̳ҲС¡
Ȼ㲻ʣݹҲˡҩҩЦ
ѽˡȻֺˣżһ̤ǰͷּ˸ͷ׼תص̫
˻Ա߹Ȼҩҩһֻƺڡ鴤
ףҩҩۼСдɻΡΡָ̧֣ҩҩĽ¡

ԭҩҩСţվĽϣݺݵ˰Ȧ˵ҩҩأĽҲۣһӣƤˡ
ѽҩҩŬ죬װȴԼЩϢˡ
ּ̧һǰһιӺ̳ʱҩҩһ㷳ʱҩҩӺ̳»鲻ã˵Լ棬ȴ۰Ͱ͵ĶӺ̳ǡ
ϵĵ׺鴮СĹϣҩҩƵģûƼƫҪֱͷβ˺¶ѩ׼Ƭ
ӺӡίˣӺ̳ǳһ㣬˼Ҫ𤵽Ӻ̳ȥ
Լ鿿ǸԼͬ齵ϣҩҩĪ١
Ӻ̳ǲãЩ᲻ãæǰ޷޷ҩҩ·࣬ȥһϡ
˵⻰˱㲻ҩҩֱҡ

Ժܵ˵ҩҩԼµˡ
˿̣۵Ȧͨ죬ͷͣĴתƫţ˿ڷ˶Ѿ߹ˣ˼ԼĽΪ쵽ҩҩĽŵ£Ҫνͣ
ԼȰ˼ҵġ
װɫҩҩȥƣԼŵһţ顣
̵͡һţкʵҩҩδţĽϣֻԼ麦£˼
Ȼϵĵ׺鴮һֹˡ
µһ
˺ͷֲǱС£㼡Ⱥ˵С

һ޵ĳŮ˶ģޡǸ뵽ԼүһΡ
ϵСѾϳһõϣ»ٱӵѳˡ
ﾡίϵ˿ʹ̲סžžવǧС̫̫ƾʲôҪί
յķ籾ʹ̹ǣټЩ˵ӰֱҸطȥŵĵѲڵֻ߷ߡ
ָЩˣסˡһӺʢؼӱ֮
ҩҩԣĸٸ㵹һţ˼״Ҳԣֻҩҩ»ص̫
ҩҩϲţζǰˣˣһ㵹ǲ䡣
͵ʴףҩҩɿ졣Ů̫СǿһСĻĵ
סӺҪԼŸˡˣԼǶһֶϱ
ᣬǱĻ޿űˤһɻ豭һնˣҳôͷ
޿ŸǺ޵ԭҲնԽˡƽյǸӣƤǳ
˵գ̧ͷѽôӡϣѿƵġ
ίҩҩңźҹεǽϡĸҲġ
޿üҩҩǸնôܹأԼֶŮѡ
ϾԼֶŮֻܿƲơ
˳̾һ˰ˣһѰˡ޵ӺңлӵġհһѱƳ˵Ȳǵ̫ҲǱǿٱ
ͷĸģݽԺı£ضվȽŸġϧϴӺҹӵⲻɣǳˣǳնޣǸӺù
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˵Ҳԡұ̫ϲŮЩʱաȴû뵽̫̫̫Сֻܸһҩҩ޿̾㻹óŮ£ֶֻҪˡ
ȥȡҩҩȴ͸һɲľʲôģǲҲǿָŵӺҵĻԼô˵ԽԽҾ㳭ΣҲҳޣҵǲš
ǵҲǡˣϻ˵Ҫ뷨ӺǳնǮҲû֣Ҫô죿
ԼЬѪĸմ齫Ƶʱ̫˵Ҫ̫ȥƽ
޿ͷǡ̫˵Ϊ̫ȴΪҩҩ
΢΢һЦǣǱȥŻᣬұصڿļҵ׶⽻֯
޿ͷȴæֲһ㲻ָĸȴҪġ۵ĸϡ
ͷĸıǡԼĻ£ȻҲԼǮ·ĸʲôֻҪɱá
պ̫ҩҩ̫ƺƴ󣬲ٹŹ嶼˻ͬУֻ̫̫ȴûмλ
̫̫ҩҩֻСͬһСθڶͷСѾη飬ҩҩϳһɲǱ㿪ʼͷζġ
γëǸĲˡҩҩεСĻһ÷Сۣ̫Ѩιˮһ·Ҳæòɿ
ڣ˵̫ҲЩγģһ·еü;ͣ
СһᣬǾͿ쵽ˡСȰҩҩסĲͣɵ˵ͷ
С²̾ϢۣʵλСǼ̺ġ˶˵Լ̺һնۣΨС֪ҩҩԵúܡ
żһЩƽʱ¶ԼĻγʹ࣬Ҳһܡ
˲̫ΪҩҩСȴסһλò鶯Ů˭ϲأ
ǸնΣСľӱЩνĹŮǿϰٱ
ҩҩҩҩͷȻ
ҩҩֻúͷˣǴӺ̳ǡ
СҲšüҲδƵҼСӲʣûʱӺģء
Ӻ̳Աһʹڸ׵Ȱ˵£ѾԼҩҩ˼һⶥϤСΣԼûסվǰˡ
ҩҩôˡӺ̳ǵдڡǵ̫ټһԼҩҩʱٳ嶯һЩԼܹȥҩҩˡ
ǰôû֣ҩҩһ䱦ءɿɰá޵֪ǿ˶ٱ
ҩҩڽ۽ǲ֮ɫܵúܣߴ٣ˡ
˲װնˣ޲ȥһŰǴӺ̳ȥ
ҩҩͷǣҪʱ򣬺Ȼͷһ̳ǡ
ʶȴ벻˭
ֱӺ̳ǳĻһ壬ҩҩŷӦӺ뵽ˡ
̳ǣŵģδĽӡ


 20 

Ӻ̳Ҳ벻ӺԶϹȻֻΪ˸Լ˵ôһ仰
̧ӺƽȴŲС̽ζӺ̳Щ񣬼ΪԼҳһԽ͵˼ȥҲûУֻӺĶ°ơ
ͷ뿪ҩҩķԽ⡣ֲʣ͸͸ȴһλԾ
üĿ续޶ӦߵĲӺ̳ǰˡ
ƵС˶һأû˳ԼηСè۽Ǿ뵡
ҩҩ̫ܣҲ˲Ӻڲڣ԰СԴ͸첲ͷ
ֵǣԭӦζĿվһ˿㡣ᵭȴţԭθʱͣ١
ҩҩ˺ŸܵǴӺϷġ
Ҳˣ˾Ҳ㣿
ݡ˲նۣȤѴ뿪ɾתһ˲ѿ֪Ӻδٴһ
Ŵ紺⡣
Ӻֱ㲻ʹһͣ
Сںͷ״ϽˡСӺ빫ӡǼ飬Ҳڴʱ档Сԣһòá
Ȱ˵£Ӻ㿴С˶ۺԸȴȻʮֹɵĵ˵ͷԼķһڿ漴СԴٲӰ
͡һ䵭Ӻ̲סЦ
̫̫ҩҩһ᷿Ϣ
СôΣΨһһûµġū澿СԵúãӱƽʱࡣС˵
ҩҩѾͷҲ࣬˿ɽƬԡС˵۵˵ͷ
һ᷿ҩҩϤúܡǰʱĥӺ̳һ𵽰°ݹӣӺ̳ǱҲҩҩ
ΪҩҩͬȻģԱӺ̳ǸҩҩƵһ·ߵ¸ֹӺ̳Ȼˣһ±᷿ˮûϡ
ҩҩǼ᷿ʱġȻڹ˵
㣬ӺӸСγҩһλСѾ¶ͷ˵Сͷ漴ȴʵĸӺӣ
㣬̳ǹӡСѾ˵
ҪҩҩŴС̵ͷСѾߵСĻûУ̳ǹĶҪˡ
ǹڵ¶Сصýҩҩһ⡣ҲЩƣΪӺ̳ⱲҪץԼأϱڳǸӣûʰ㲻ˡ
ߣߡҩҩСָָͷСЦū澾֪СǸסģŽǰҾ͸СʦǴˣһС԰ӣʺϹŮġС㣬ȥ԰òã
ҩҩȻ֪԰ӣϲϲĵͷְ԰ӡ
ȴδ룬԰̫ʥݡԶԶȥҩҩֻ̫ĸ֣֪˵Щʲô
̫ڳҩҩȻôֻ԰ͷժһ֦÷֦档
÷ţһޡҩҩ÷ڱǼ⣬ŵһƢŵúܡ
ţԣƺӺϵһ֡
̧ȻּλһϮµӡվ޳ͦüĿ续ƽױһּͶ֮С
ҩҩƿ̲סһ¿ˮ֮ǰηɲδϸϸòտŷ֣Ӻҵ˹ȻһʤһĺƤҡӺòȻӺɫһ
žµ֦Ȼȳ
˭ǣһӺȻҩҩŷӦӺƺһˡϴ̫С̫ࡣ
ѵӺ̫ټҩҩԼĲ²в졣
ˣȥѣ̫಻֪źδ˰֣ʱһӷɱҩҩļȳ棬ʱһţҪһᶨ
һֻèˣһ·ġ

ҩҩɵþ죬èţȴЩģӺĪ֪Լ⣿
̫ȻЩηӺ룬ЦԭˣԭˡӺӣͷٺһ̡漴ֿӵŹӵè
ӺԵͷʼգȴδҩҩⷽһۡ
ҩҩСԼС࣬ҲҶͣƬ̣ϽŵȥС᷿
һչҩҩڰ±δӺӰӺ̳ǣһͶҪμΣΨԼ
˹գһ̤ϻس֮·ҩҩһ뵽θڷζ緹ֻڡ
ȴһϾǹѹҩҩŲϸϸȥŷ״ƿһ÷
ҩҩָź÷һɻС졣
СЦСˣǰ԰ժǶ÷ѽǰժңʱˣֱӷˣû뵽á
ǰգҩҩȡһ÷ǰȻ֮ζŨθڵķ˲䱻ѹ˶ˬ١
÷Ʒ⣬մȾϵɡҩҩ뵽
һ÷ҩҩһ·ˬ٣·ߵķ羰ͷһط֣ԭڳǽһ·ϣҰشأ
СС˶ݰ𪽿һĨ÷㣬С쿴ĳ̲סСƷòӺҵ빫ظð䱦
ֻǿϧСվǸյġǲճɵɵǴڵ˰ɡ
һ·͸˼ܿصָ
ҩҩصеĵһ£ȥԼС⡣Ͼһسţ˵һξѵֻᡣҩҩ˽⣬ܻŹ
Ȼҩҩµİ
֮ǰҩҩԼذλûԵĵطΪıǷֻ֡Ҫ֣Լке
ȻȻҩҩǵô򿪰һۡȴû뵽֮еǮû٣ࡣ
ѵķˣҩҩĲ졣
ӹͷСһѾߵĶԻѾ٣Ȼġ̫սݱ㷢ԼͭӱˣͷĶ˴롣¸λڰݲأ֪˭㵨󡣺㣬̫ȥģûɣٲҲҪЩСѾߣһ벻ء
ǣ˵ûС˵ͷ
СѾֲһˣ˸ԺһҪһġʲô£Ҳǰͷ
⣬ҩҩ߱ЦԼΪķ֣ǣ˼θˣƲԼˡ
ҩҩԼЩΣ̲סһ䣬һ͵ռ˴ͷְСͷԼ⣬ҪԼ
һ͵ĳնǣҪԼڵʹĲȰ
ҩҩŶԲߣͷ޿Ѿ¿Ȼ̫ңҩҩԺӽѣұֻܱˡˣϸϸѣӶ׼

 21 

̫ůϣߵ÷Сϸ˼ġҸΣү˶ţ˭Ҳҿڡ
ҩҩһţƼıһ
ĸ̫ͻ䡣ҩҩ߱ЦԥůϣС̫ݡ
ǳԲ£Ҳá
̫ЦøӴüĿԣţĸЩҪ졣ҩҩɵĵ˵ͷԹԵֱߵӡ
ɫ̫߼ϵһۺɱ
ȿڵ̫ⶫȻǴҩҩѳģϱҩҩĺӡҪСɡ
޿⻰˵ƫģСҲǺ˼ҵĺӣö˶˼ҪҲҩҩ⹫Ӹʮ˱㶼ѧãԺֻҩҩһ̫ȥ˵ҩҩ޹أʵڽͲͨ
ξһˣ³գҲ̫ȸôѵÿڣһȴʮ
޿׼ߵòˣ鶼ꡣ̧ͷôȻڣɴҲڡ
⻰˵õë
ʵڵһλϣ۲͵ҩҩһն͵Ǯʲô˵һʱ棬һȤҲˡ£ҩҩġ
̫Щһʵҩҩ˵Ҳû֣ͷ
޿һ̫ҩҩﶼר˿ţ˭ҲȥӸǹܵϣСѾǶġСͭԿŵģҩҩ˭Ҳű߶˵£ҩҩ벻ˡ
⻰˼˵Ǹֻҩҩһ¡ϵ޿һۣ漴ֿ˵ȤȻ⸮˭ȱʹġ
һ֪ԼٵҲǺһȴش
ȱӲ͵ӡ޿ǵ˵Ҫ֤ݡЩǴҩҩѳģʱЩСѾ߶Ǽֲ֤͵ҩҩȥġ
Ҽǵã̫˵ҪҩҩСԺġٵ
޿Ҫٷ̫ȴȥԼ̫Ѩűۿ˵
һ֧ڽһɺִһ֧Ȧһ֧ҡһ֬ʼܡǺǣЩ̫ôҵġҩҩʣ¼ﲢûС
޿⻰Щ졣̫ȻǸģһ׮׮һǼǵ
⣬ﹲǧǰһȴֻвôϻ̫͸ҩҩģҵġ
޿ֻƤһ
Сʵ̫⻰󶮡
̫һЦЩζ붼ҩҩԼģֻⶪģһռСͷ˵ͷȥˣ
ҩҩˣ¿ڵ
ûĵһ뷨ҩҩˡϾҩҩһնˮһ׵¶̫˵仰̲ס̾һ漴ԶҩҩԶҲ޷Լϴί⣬Ļ֮˵˼
˶̫ҩҩۡҩҩװһжԼ޹أʹͷ
ûƼ͸ӳճһ˫Ứ˫ۡ
еԺӶˣ̫ӡӵͷǣ̫еԺӶˣҩҩС㷿ģмҩҩСԺͷġԵģûˡ
ԺͷǣҲҩҩֶ֮һ˾նǸģŵǴͷ䱦Ѱˡ
̫ҪǱٰɣʵ
̫һۣ̲ס̾ɩ˵ﻰǱ٣ٲҪҩҩȥšҩҩӣŻ˿Ǻá˵̫᲻ãҲ᲻ѽ
ҲǣҺͿˡϵͷ
̫̾һˣҲЩˣ˱㶪˰ɡɢ˰ɡ
޿Ӧǣ̫ҲЩðɡ
̫һۣ޿̱񡣡ȥɣȥɡ˰˰֣˵
˵Ͷ˶վû˵ʲôγףʵ̫ʹºĲ鴦Щ䱦صסֻˣ˵ƱضҪ˺ǼԺûЩ˵Ķϸϸˣ˵ıּһӵ֡
ɴˣҲɿĻ֮˵׼̫޷飬ܱٵ˼
.
ȵ˶ɢȥҩҩ̧ͷ
̫֣§ڻ̾ҩҩĸܣĸûסЩԭĸԭǴǰġ񣬵ֻʣ⼸ˡ
ҩҩȻ֪ЩǸԼġǰˣĸԼ䱦ռ޵ӺҲã㱻ӺҴռʣΪļ䵽
ãⱲԼͷԼһ·޿ǽ֤ôԼԱҲ֤ݡ
ⱲҩҩƭǮ룡
һߣ޿»鷿һ£ķȥˡ
һűƼĳ顣ֽ࣬ݳɺһ
޿Ц˸Ůˡţ˱ʿЦĸЦңֻ첲۵òҪˡ
׮£֮첲һ׼á޿ʳЩĳЦ˵
϶ʱϲ³ˣ
޿ͷ
̫ˣ̫ˡĸһ׮³ɣҵծˣҵҲԣˡһ룬ӺҲվסšЩӴӺңҲһʴʱɲӺСҡ
ͷǣǡ
ֹסĵ⣬Цſ˵ĸƣҾ˵ʲô¶ܳɵġ˵˭뵽հҸ̫ͳѾǸԿ׵ġ˼ۣסԿ׵״ֱӸǿһͭ
ǡǴ
͵εˣֵСֻҪʹӣ˭αҪԶ֣Ц
ǣûƼ̫ɫҵһ֪˵ֶΣһΣֲұ٣Цˡ޿Ц
ϡϲ˵һ򶼵̫ĶһµǺãøֿտգһ˵ƫƫץסǵİѱ
޿һ߻ɫѧţЦЦֻǴŰƲȴѰŮӲҽ
ҩҩأʵ
޿һһն֪ʲô㲻֪űɵӡ˵ӣΣӺӣҲ϶ϿһնҲ£ӺƱصȢϼС檣Ѿͷſշį
ǺǺǣĸα˵ôݡ֣ȴҲֹסЦ⡣
һĸ˵ӣʲôӣ
޿δȿڣȻһӵˣС㣬̫ǹȥһˡ

 22 

һ̫ϴת̫΢˫ۣȻЩƣˡҩҩ۲ѣǰѧСѾߵ̫ļ硣
ܵСû̫ǼʱɿۺЦ⣬ҩҩڡ
ֱСѾյ˵һ䣬˶ˣ̫ҩҩ˽һ£ԽǸиġ
ϼﶼЩ룬СѾŨŨĲ漴ſڵ̫˯ˣ˶ѵˡҪȥ˰
̫ҡͷǻǽһ飬̰˯ЩҲǳе¡СӣȻ
ұҲҪ˯ˣ˼ȥòף£ָûйˡ̫һ仰˶š
ӽǹһ顣СͭĶĸԺӵˣǴ˿̵Ŵ˵ʵһһΡ̫ùõ棬˵ľ񶼶˼֡
ĩλϣ۹۱ǣǹģһ²ؼӡ֮ǰмֵģ̫ⷬʲôµģץסʲôѱﻹʹʲô֮ƣ
Խ⡣½ɣѵ֣ԼֱԲ̫ǳնǹ¶ĸʵڿ
̫ԼЩӺԼҩҩһϧҩҩ̫Եִ̫δԼʵڲֵÿ
һף˽ûзӦ̫Цˣֱ޿ϣҲûл˵ô
޿󾪣侭¶Щվ
üĸףǺ⣿޿ȷΪ˶Ҫӣ޿͵֮¡ˣǶͷһҪɨسš
±޿˵һ˵޿飬ˢˢð亹
Ժ£޸ɡ̫ѹ¶ʱ氫ֱ֡׳ȴҲҸԼĸ׶졣
ϣ㻰أ̫Źصأõ޿һһ
ϱϱʲôû̫ϱĵҲ˵ϱһСͭ䣬ϱûʲô
ôĺֶŮأ̫ɱ
ʲôûһֱڳ鰡޿˵
ᵽԼٲҪͷ˵仰沢⣬̫һμеȻȾ͸ûԼˡ
ϧ̫û֤ݡգԼҪԼ
ͨڵϣһˮɡ֪£ºϸûɵҵϡһǼҷֱΪ塣̫ȴԸΪ֮ܡԸ֤ף
˵껰ֱڵײȥ
ҩҩﲻɵú˳Ϸ㰡һǴС
ʵΪߵѾߣԼĹĸøšȴѾǡñ˲ӵ
ţø˿ֻйĸ˸첲
޿ƽʱʮָմˮסʶֱײԲľ֮ϡ
Һ޿һǶһûιȥֻͷ϶һϽӵװ

ֱᡣӣȴû뵽Ȼ³ٹ¾ҪˣϵҪ²ȥǺá
ĳվмƲȥ˵̾αˣ̫һϧŮЩѾƽʱϻ˸Ϸ˶Ҫϧ죬οĽˣʲôܺú˵ء
Ѿ߶ۣ̣Լôһ۶䲻أ˵ǰɣֻ̫бġ
壬αϲ̨ķӣɽҰˡ̫ڵ

ʵѻԼɱжˣ̫ôβأ˰
ˣֻô۾ţ̫ܲҶԼ
ҩҩӣ˵Ǵģ̫תͷʵ
ҩҩһУЦ˵ԺӣԺӼġ
ԼԺӣ̫ڡ
šҩҩԹɵĵͷ̫ʮںڵ㷢ֿ˵Ҳƣģ
ۼ⣬صǼڳϵĵ׺Ҽǵ³
̧ͷ죬ı·ͷˣǡƼġ㲻ˣȥͱīʱҲƼ˼Ρ
̫ԵͷֿҩҩԺĹӵҲ˵˵ƼﴩȥҩҩԺˣ
⣬̫Ļū澲δƼⶫ֮ūϸϸԺԵСѾߣﶼ˵СԺδй˽
ϺһҩҩԺģ˵ûƼô㶨Ǳ˵ʱȥģʵ̫Ķǲ͵ˣ
һ仰ɽ𻢣ŵһӵڵϡû뵽ӾĸԼ¶ˡڹĸһòá
ӵȷҵģȴδȥҩҩԺӡҵѾߣҹĸ֤ݡô죬ǶƼˣҴδš
Ц˵棬ȻšѾҲ˯ŵʱ̫ȥ¿졣
⻰˵׻˵ӵ£ԼŵɱҲЦ׵ûУûУûС
ˣգһǶ³գҺҩҩſЦʱҵѱˣҩҩǸʱ񵽵ġ϶
޿һ⻰Ҳץס˾һ㣬ǰסҩҩ֣ס۾ҩҩٺú룬ٺú롣ӣʲôʱ񵽵ġ
ҩҩҡĻһΣﾡǳȴηղżġ
ܣ˵ģ޿׷ʡ
޿һ仰ǺģҩҩĤһ꣬ίͰ͵ĵ˽
ӣԺ¼ġ
ǱϷôҩҩҲᡣ
ܣܡҡͷ
ҩҩС󣬴δѡһնѣʱڵ
ҩҩеͷʵӵȷ̧ͷճժģΪıǷ͵Ǯһ֡
ʵǸα֤ϧ˶óնѣֻд˲Żᡣԣǳױ֤ʵˡ
̫޿ҩҩݺݵһۣŵ̫Žҩҩ§ڻš
ݺҡ̫ԩġ̫û͵֮£͵֮˳ժҵҩҩԺ£Ϊıݺңǻ
⻰ˡô˵͵֮˻׼ҩҩܼӣ׼ҩҩܰ浽̫ǰ²ǵǸİɡҲ
˵һˣҲϰˣҲм̲סЦˣȴһŭĿ
ָóԺúȵ㣬ȴڲƭҩҩ̫ܺ嶣ʱĹ㣬ȴû뵽㾹˴Ҫ̫Ļ˵ֿ޿ϣ︮Ȼüҽ̡
һ˵޿̧ͷССɻϵ˱Ƚָűҽ̲ãҪѪɫģǿ϶Ī
£˿Ҳ־ֺޣһʱ˵
ʵν֤ݱˡΪ֤ݣǣҲǡҪǣǵԸ˭
һ㣬ҩҩӮˡ
֪֮˵ˣҲǺֻɫƽһöӲ֤ݣ֤ȥҩҩԺΣ֤
οӺӵδޡ̫ҪңҲҪӺ𲻴Ӧĺƽ
һһĸԼԼݲһˡ̫ΣָߣܳżꣿӺδǰЩ
˵ҧϣ̫Ρ
УҩҩҲҪ޽Ӻġǻţô̧̫ӡ
⻰ǡвˡ
˵ɫ䣬˭Ҳû뵽˲Ҫ޿˿ҲЩС̫µɫ䣬˼Īƹˤ
ϧǼϣ˵ùĸҪԼǰ̣˭Ŷɡ
̫ҲЦˡһЦǳʮأû˵вĪãǸ⣿
һԼȳ˶֪̫ŭˡ                        
лҪ˵һҪҩҩ޳ȥôøЩɡ

 23 

һµףֻϧͷϴϽӵ˿ڣ˵ԵЩɲ
ϴƵɫٴظһ鷽˵Ļ̫ҩҩĻͬһգǱ㶼Ӻ֮ˡ̫Ը⣬ҿӺһЩ
ҩҩ̫ôƫƫҪߣԼҩҩͬһסţ̫Լ
͵Σ㻹Ҫúš
̫ȻһЦǰŮָ֮ʱЩ檵ģϧЩˮһ㣬ټָۼû£ѾԼøɸɾ
˵öԡӺ֮ˣּȨ㡣̫˵
˵޿һϱ˳ǳЦ֪̫һû£һҩҩˡ
ֻҩҩ֪ĸĥ˵ķӶǣ˿ô˵޷ǲԸ˰ѱ˰ˡ
Ȼĵ̫ٴοˡ
ϣһ磬дȫ̫ĴžЦȻǲ鲻͵֮˭Ǳѽָ͵ʼĩдЩƽͷգټҹһۡ
⻰֣Ϊɡ̫һ仰

̫˼
⻰ǹʵдҲܴ϶϶͵ı︮ʱﻹҪֻ̫Ҫ˵ĭӣ
ӺĻˡ
˻Ͳˡ
ﲻɵøֶ̫̾κ塣һУȲԼܽײȽ
˲ɵһͬĿ
˿Լһ˲ŷӦһɱеġÿµǣһмûжԲ߿ɽ⡣̫ȻǺֶΡ
һ̣ں纣˲佫ûɫҰײҰףŵηȡ촽ֹסĶš
ֻ̫̫û¶ڶԼס˼ҵߣ˼סԼߡ
֪ˣ֪ˡ뱻дɻ뱻뱻Ӻ˻顣ԽԽţкһ˲䶼ӿԺѹ
ĸĸ͵˵䱦Ӷóĸ죬ҷķϣҲһһӲŷȥĸ죬ó׻޿ƺĺ
޿Լժȥϣ˿̱ôһקȴǳ׾ˡһֱ˽ƿһÿ˵ʲôأңҲ֪
޿˦ֵû˦Ѿһ޿ǰ͵ĸ׵䱦
̫ĶӸТ˳Ҳˡ˵֮ǰԼϱЩԩô˿ȴǳʵﻹϰӡ
Ҳû˳ţ޿Ӧá
Щº
޿ؿڣûȻ㱻ȥȡЩ䱦Ҳžµ
ѾҹˡһϷ˾ʣ˶û˼
޿ؿڣΡΡİЩ䱦ϣ˫ϥشͷҲҶ˵һ仰
ʼţ˿̼ԭһ˿˿ĵţ㲻ͷϵ˿ڣžž¿ͷġ
̫֪ˣҲˡЩٵ˺õҲϢ̫ĸһֱТ˳ġͷ
ߵ޿ǻں޲ѡǮۣȷǻͷˡɷ沵޲ʱ⵹صǰδ͵Ǯӡ޿ûǰĻ磬ֻһζš
ҡҡͷЩŵ̫ǰ㣬漴Ȱ̫ҪӺҵӡ
ҩҩϣȻλĸġʵ»;ϵġ·ϣȻԽԽá緭̵ָȻԸΪһĹϵ
⣬ҲǰϴԼӺ̳ǵɡĸȥ֮ǰҩҩһֱΪ϶Լж˶Ҳȥֱ̫ҩҩӺ̳ǳ˿ͷȥڷ˰Ŀߣڷȴ֮һĮʱҩҩ֪Щ޷ǶĸǰϷˡ
⻹һλظʱ¶ȵڶελظѹû˴ˡӺ̳ͬʱ⼸λ˻Щ
˹ⱲӶѾס
̫ڣ̫̾ǽĻڸģҩҩҲȷһ¡
˵ɡ̫İ˰ֵ
ϼ̫ƤҹʵǽˣҲǵ˵ͷԽ䱦ǮŻСͭãɢˡ
ҲΪԼ磬ֻĵ߳ӣȺһ˼ҵķ䡣
˽ɢѾ̺˱죬̫ۣ§סҩҩĪˣվ˯ɡ
̫Ĵ齼˯ҲǲխҩҩȻͷӦСѾбõĳȹҩҩˣϨ˳ȥ
ҹ˾
¹£ҩҩ̫ƣӣ̲סһǰǽĸΨһһȫȫⰮԼԼˡ
ÿƼĸԼһ۵мζ̲ס촽Լǳն¸ĸ
ֲֻ֪˵ڡ˵Լˣѵĸĳջô²ǻԼǳ˰ɡǷĸ㲻ˡ
ԥԥһҹȥ
첻ʱҩҩͷѾˣ֪СѾ˵Щʲôˡ
Ȼҩҩ͵һ£û뵽Ƶĸ˴СĸҲ˼ӺңӦòڽһӴҪȻԼûкϷˡ
˵ʵҩҩɢӺ̳ǵĻ¡
ϾݣԶֻҡǵӺ̳֮ʱǲ֪ԴǣӺ̳ǻϱһ㽫
Ҫ֪ǰǵԼ湴Ӻ̳ǵͲʲôѹƣװ˽ţͶͱҹ߸裬û
Լǰһնֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿţšⱲӾͲͬˣӺ̳ǵָôʰء
̫ʵˣһֱ˯ʱûѣСѾȻҷ˽һֱſţͨ죬ûҪӡ
Ա֮£ҩҩһɰ

 24 

̷̫ϴҩҩƼ޿˲ˡ޿Ҳûƣ֪˲ҪסƫƫҪס
СѾƺѼ䣬һΡΡӣһʱҲҿڣΨ־ˡ
һȵһɽҩʱ̵˫ͨ죬ֻ۵һ뼸ϡ
СѾ߻飬̷һѣҪȻһҪˡ
̫Ʋȥҡҡͷ޿ϹڨڨЦһζֺ̫
ҩҩȥ𲻹Ц
ҩҩ㺬ǵǰҲֻһˣҩҩӺ̳ţˡ
ѽһϣ㽫Լܷܷʳָ˴˱ţȦ΢죬Ľë
Ӻ̳ǹȻһۡôˣ
ָ쵽Ӻ̳ǵǰˡ
Ӻ̳۵øʲôƵģһǸָڴֹסĴšҩҩǵһĻߵСѾˡ
ⱲҩҩҪ»ܲٷһΣ
ҩҩʱ̫ǿˡյ»ûȥ¼ȻǸҾͲܸ߸߾¡ϣӽ˼óš
ĻӻдãӺҩҩõ⻰Ӿ˺ϡǲȻӡǧᣬڡ
̫˼һҹĽϾӺδŵ檣ǸڹѱӺҲ롣
ΪӺңΪҩҩֻ̫
֪̫ѹûиԼ˼ֻ֪ͨˡˣĽѾ⼫ˡ
ϣȻúϡĵ׳һЦһж
ҩҩĵ׵ͷҲεһЦԼѡ·˿ͷҪԼš
ް㲨ֱ£ҩҩ顣
ӺҩҩĻ°ͬһա˼ٳǸңֻҪ͵һС̧űˡμϯˣ֪Ӻ̳ǽ֮¡
ָһڴĵױΪױǰգӺ˸ϲϲĸӹ졣ɴ϶յĻųӺ̳ǶʮԼģҲЦ˻
գ֮ĸ췼Ҳˣ˿ߣһĿԼŮּ֪ʲôֻΪһ֮ӮӺҵĻ£ɼӺҶġ
ƯӺӿи֮ˡ췼ԱߵСѾ߱ЦˣС⻹ûױءһױﵽˣСױŽоΪء
췼ͷǡ޿ģֻ˼ЦҲûд𻰡췼֪Ǻ⣬µЩֻǰŽĺӣҲü֡
˵ⶼʲôʱˣױôû췼Ƶ
Ӻӹǽнʰɡʵ
췼ͷҲá
λԭ䣬ͷٻʱ˽췼𵱼ĸļƣʵӺױһλⶼʲôʱˣҶļʱô
⻰ʵãλֻǷλָ˳븮زĽ˼Ҵ̣˭Ҳ֪ʲôױﲻױ¶
Ǵ۵С۵ӣ췼ĻЩӺû׼ױ
һλҡҡͷûаɡ
һλӻ˵Щ˵Ǵֻױױã˵ױĿҼҷ˲ԸѰױԸùҩҩͬһλױʱҩҩѿױϣǲϹȥơ
ˡӺѹû׼ױ
췼һǸûġ
ڰֵ˰ˣƽʱҲԼױģҲԼŪɡ˵꣬ɢ˼λӣѹĵ׵ĻŪͷ
췼̾һһӺҵ߶߶ƽЩѰķپͺãķȴнģ׶᲻á˵ôͷΣûоױһ˿ôŪĹѽϲġ
췼Խ˵ԽꡣԽֵ꣬µͷԽҡ

žᵽɴϡ
Ȼ᲻ɡյԱߵСѾҲŵøϽ֡ķٵȷѣҲǲġ
ѽҪǰҩҩױҹɡ췼ڵ
šüĸҲ˵ɡ˼ҩҩķһӹˣûҩҩţĸױﵨߵ
ǣǿǺá췼ûˡ
ԽԽ˼ҩҩڣϲһƬԼأĸĸˣĸָǷծƵšаϲ
˵檣ôҲͷһس
ҪǾȥҩҩǰɣҲ֡һֱڵ޿ˡһֱЩס
ԼⲻĹĸһۣ͵ʱֻõ˵ͷСѾߵϲϲߡ
ȣԶҩҩԺĳ¡ʱƼԭѾ鲻ˣö˶վͷҩҩš
־ԼСԺļγĶԱȣĵ׵Ļˡȵò׼ȺݣƼ񶼶ҩҩϣ˷Լĵ
̧ҩҩױѴɣױСҩҩĨһ鷢
ҩҩĳࡣü۸ͣԲˮӯӯңΣй⡣ĳϲȥҲǸӡ
գҩҩһͷ˿˳٣̫״͵ĺ˿׺ϣıʯ䲽ҡڶϵһЦüĻǡôĿš
ƣһλױޢͿҩҩָϣ۳䣬̺ɫϲϸܷĻƣ档
Աȣ֪Լϲжຮᡣ
˵̾ҩҩЦᣬȻǸնӡ
˰Σ췼¿˿ڣ̫Ӻûи׼ױ֪ɷҩҩױһá
ڹŮ٣һ⻰Щ졣ôӺ뻹ҪȢһλԵ檣

 25 

ϲɵõһۣԹĲʱˡҵҵֶŮռ޸Ӻҵ̳ǹΪ檡
ŻȻЩȻǵ檣ҲҪҸӹţȴ˼ҵĻ¹ţȻ˵λûӺ
ҵĹָţɼָ̫ȻĳԶŵݶչ˵֮ã˿̫羴ˡ
ױɻʱ䣿˿ҩҩΧǰΧױ
ױֹȻǼɵģҩҩüáҩҩױݱ⣬뼴ⶪЩΣֻҪױݺãԼеʱ䵽Ӻ⡣
ױһۣͷüֻ᲻⳯ˡ⣬ʡʱˡ
һˣһ裬Ҫ˷һƵģžͷСҲ˲ֻ࣬õͷӦ
ҩҩ䷿ҲСױһطΪױڿȶճõģҲʡʱ䣬Ͻ֮ǰϺױ
༫βݣЩȻķ顣ױô˿Ҳʮ־죬̾òƷ
һЦյɿ첻١ȲĴϲȥˣȴͷ뺰ˣ׵ˣӳš
ţ˱һԵΧҩҩȥСԺʱ
ױҲСӸϽ˳ȥһϽ½ΣٲҪױȻҪʱš
ΪԼһ㾪ȫȴû뵽һת˱㶼ߵøɸɾˣҲǶ˽ŷ޷һӰǸ߲ȵ͵Сˣ
Ӻĸýţպ⻰ϲȴһλ檵ƷЩɡ
ˣʲô£
ȻӵֲǼƽϣҲǴͷڵС㣬ǵʱҩҩСЩȵҩҩСˣǵ̲
˻ñӺһֻش
һߣҩҩССڽķϣ˼ǡ֪ӺΪҪȢԼȴ˽Ӻӡ
ǰʱӺҲһжĻ˲ٸ塣иӺǸԶҵĴС
ҩҩӡ̣ӺνһƬ飬ɾ˵ӺʼնδۿһֱۡӺΪ߸ϵҲֻΪȴδа֮ʵ
Ϊ£ڶ״ж֮񱡣
ˣҲӺչ˵üáӺСԺһһľ˭Ҳá
ҩҩΪ˽ӺӣĸԸļ޸ⱲӵԸֻһǾǺúûţԺ֡
뵽Ǽᵽһ˿
Ӻ뵽ˣ
ȻͷСαͣӺſڣһλϲŵĵ衣
̧Ӻźڣ½ǰһ÷ӳŽյϲ¡Ҳ֣ͲָΪԼź̵ġ
Ӻ۵׽ǵĮƺվ˳һ־ˡҩҩĵĪʼ
Լðʧʧ޸
ݲҩҩ룬ϲѾ˵ļţ㿴һ˫ֶһװŻȼ

ҩҩץϲˡЩƺŬʲôҩҩһ̧ȻӺ̳۵׾ʺѪ˿дĻ⡣
ҩҩһʶջȥ룬һֻ־Ӻ̳ǽץס͵ͣҩҩûлͷ
ǣвɴ֮£ҩҩ۵һ˿
Ӻ̳漴ʶҩҩǸնöĻҲֵ͵Ͳһҩҩץˣдģؼȥ
ؼңҩҩĵ׺ǺЦӺ̳ǹȻǷħˣԼջڻ鰡
ֻϲȥȴ룬Ӻ̳ǵɽץסԼõüɣ˵УֻΪҩҩնץӺ̳ڰæˡ
ֻҩҩ֪Ӻ̳ʹǷ
˶֪ҩҩǸնȻЩֵ˼ҩҩǵԸ¶ӣֻӺ̳쮾
ҩҩҪһ˲䣬ԱߺȻһʺӰӺ̳ǣ㾹ȻȢҩҩΪޣ
˵һƬȻҩҩֻ̧˫˿šüëСһһʣ˶ϲڵϣԵ漫ߡ
ҩҩ㱻ûһ͸ǰĺɴϷ
Ӻ̳ǴһɫɷȷӺ۶ˡټϷǸԶԶȥʮľٶֲӺ̳Ϊɡ
ٲһƲԶӺ룬ȻԼһĿϷ
úô飬ȴԱ߿Ϸ˵ҲȤҩҩҡͷعŷ֣һֱߵĸӴ˿ǰ
˵ʲôأϽϲϣĻ£ҲɰˡӺ̳ǷȻ
ϱôû֣֮
һһѽϲ˺ϡáӺ̳ǣ㵱ɵôӶҪˡӺ̳ǣúø˵ȻȢһնˣҸƽʲôǧ򲻸ƭң
տĺһƣò˶뵽ٽֵĳ
Ӻ̳ǵǳɫϽұ졣μӻµвٹԱǱЩʷһ˵ⲻ׵ٲʲôˡ
ۿΧΧ֮˵ԽԽƣӺ̳ǹ˲ʲô棬ֱӵססĸӵȥ
һ˦䣬Ӻ̳ǣյ˵ףұ㲻ߡơ
һԿϷҩҩһ˹ȥ
ϲĻһһ򣬰ΪΪ檡Ӻ̳ǣǸն֮λҲˣԵҪҡ
Ӻ̳û뵽ԼҩҩһʱԽڡ֪ˣͲõɡ
˾棬֪ҲˣֻøϽʹɫ˽ںˡڰڣ˿ѾߵſڣǡӺ̳ǵָ
ǣδȽţ͸ָ̳ǵı檣ѲӺһôͲѵӡǵ˹ȵס
źߡǻ֮ˣСһţѹס˿ڡ
ѯ񣬰ҲδֻǳŸλЦϣȮӼǰΪڣΪ檡ȮԲԸСµ飬ûдٴ졣ȴᣬĻ£嶡Ǻǣ֪ˣͲ⺢ӳͷɵġ
Ļ£ɣˡ

 26 

Ȼ
һ˵ʱϴӺ̳ǡ˷׷׵ͷֲ̾ӺȢøţԭǾ˼ҵ°׵˼ҹӺȻǺŷ磬ŷ硣
˽׮֮ˡ˼Ӻ̳ǹӾ㻹֪жֻ£Ыĳ
õò˼㡣
ĸһϴԼӺ̳ǵɫ滺ЦֱӶ죬ӲŽСΡ
µʱ֪ԼˣϨ˴⣬Ѱ˼ζһĿԼĻԼԼʲô
ûȽţԼѽӺˡ޲óԼһͣΪðʧ
ˣǸҩҩ˷⣬ĵԼ᲻ѣԼƿȥͷĳ
ǲƣԼҲ̳ǣ
ӰԼƽ˽ҡû˿ޱߵĻں޶Ť
һںʣµ±Եƽࡣҩҩһ·ϲŵָǣҲԹɵ˻¡ָ֮˼״һҩҩûղûָˡ
ӺСԺҩҩʶԼļ޸λ˵еͷɳ£ƺһжСԺ޹ء
Ǵ˶ϲ֣ҩҩоԺ˽մ顣ֻƾһ㣬ף˼ӺѹûԼ¡
òӺԼ£Ҫ¡
ӺӣؽմҲҩҩ·ɲ٣һԡĲƽʱԵǰȴһɱҲ
С˳촽ɵöһҩҩڳԵ𣬵ҲûȰšСӣҲۡ
ҩҩֳţֺ޹˼ɵһС졣ҲԣҲԡ
˵ĳΣС컹ÿÿᱻж
оյĶһ㱻ҩҩϸϸⷿ䡣ӺסӺһ磬Ժڴó״ⷿҲǼصúܡ
ҩҩȴһĪĸоⷿеһȻʵ޻ȴֵơֻ˵ϵһ״ƿȥѰİ״ɣϸϸȴɷ֣״ͨ͸ʮҤղһĶ
⣬Щ֡ѲӺ뻹ǸƲ¶Ǯˣ
ҩҩɺͷһѾߵЦţһɫȹŮ߽˵ү˵ˣסԼЪ°ɡ
֮ҹӺ˵סʵҩҩ޽١Ͼ޸ӺֻΪ˱סһСָܶԼмġ
ǰСѾ̬ȣȴҩҩмֲϲԱߣȻҲЩգǼСӽӺ߷ˣ֮ԵΰҲޣſڱ֣ѲӺĽôͷһҲˣٸҷϸ˰Ƥ
СҲмѲ̫չҩҩԭ
СѾû뵽Ͷ˻Ҵ𻰣ҲЦһƤʲôˣҲף
˵ţСѾָָҩҩ˵һ䣬ǷҵƤǣӦһŻ˵ΡѾҧ˳˶֣Ȼڸҩҩҩ
Сݺһӡָ֮УΪ̫ıû˸ҩҩһ֣СҲŴδܹ
ΪС췢ƢСѾЩȴ룬СѾ߷ˡҾǷˣôšΪ޹ܼС㣬λү⣬ʲôŮ˶һɵˡ
СҪڣڵһɨѾյǰ͵˵ĪˡүϹ£ԺİӡкӹίһЩɡ
ҩҩ⻰ףֲλĹ˽棬ԭ˱ڡ
Ѿߵͨ籨ţȻҲԵλСɫԱ˱䣬ıӵˡ
֪¾ͺáҲҼˣ⸮˭ңֲһն
⣬ҩҩףԭλԼĸܼ֮ȨءֲһԼ˴Ļ
ҩҩȻǹܼ֮ȨûʲôȤҲԸԼͷε̾һԼӺкӹĵøӺЩ
ֻ˶֪ӺƤԼǲĲҺ綼ҪﵽԼͷ
ҩҩ뵽ֻö˶ϵĵмԼεǺɴϲ
һƲҪȴƵֱˡ
û뵽ĸǸһǴͷԳɵָǧȻòֻһ˫ۣ紺ˮ㹴ˣֱ֮ѡ
Ƭ̣ٳδ˵
롣ҩҩס˺ӣһε
ع⻰ɵһЦΣүضҲǰ㶼ûϵġǵĸ˵үƹҩҩġĶаȤҲ֮ն
˵үǸԼֶһЩϾҲ÷
ԽԽ̹ſүտæˣ鷿ͷҪ£κ˲ôšǰǸĴүүвء
˵꣬ƳҩҩһۣԸȥͱȥֻ˻ɱûѹ㡣
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⻰һ˵ĲӶҪȥˡ
˵ֵýһ¶ѰѾ߳ż˭Ҳüһ棬ΨǸ⡣
˵ֻÿһҹȥʱҲǽ䣬ҹݸԼף׳ȥɼˣҲѾ붼ĸ֡
ӺɰѰӸȵġ
ҩҩǼҪֵˣ̲סҡҡͷҲû뵽ӺԺﻹסѾߡǲ˽Ӻӣ²ǻΪΪ˴ŵġ
һ뵽⣬ҩҩɵԼԼЦˡ
ЦȴΪڳЦԼһſڶ㿪ãҲùǣǲײǽͷԱȥֻһԺСûʲôҩǱүִɵԼҽʿ
˵꣬ŤֱͷȥˣˤǴһ£ҩҩһ
С޷޵ۣƼҩҩģ֡С㣬Ҫǲȥˡƣ춼ˣ˯òã
ҩҩ֪Ӻ飬ΨԼˣҲЦһЦҪȥҪȥ
ȻҪȥġӺ벻ԼԼȴҪǰ졣ԺԼ
Сһֲ˼䣬ҲεĵͷӦҪȥȥɣҲ˵пŻԼ˵öģСҪԼһΣ֪ǳ
뵽⣬Сҩҩָ֣ǺǺͷͷȥ

 27 

ɴ֮£ҩҩ̲ס̾һҪΪ⸮վסţøӺ˽Ӵ
ѵͨ鷿ҩҩ͸ɴ͸ɴҲֻܿһߴĺӰȴ֪˾ʲô
˿ģҩҩƿ˺ɴһ˲պÿԶһӰҩҩҲ֪ضԼԱġ
ߡҩҩӼᶨŲ۰Ͱ˿Ц
Сǰţͷʱ㻯һƬޡ
ľ£С̲סЩ¡ϰ´ĵʱڴһ
ȴӺ롣
ʲôˣһλӣͣʡ
СLŵص·ˡ
ǵʱЦó룬ĽˡҾ˵ô֮ҹ㲻ϱö˶˵ʲô塣
ţҩҩӺңԶֵ°ˡ
ǵЦ˵ˣˣߣ㽿޹˰ɡ
»ҹ֮ʱһ壿ҩҩ׵ʲô
ӺȻǸ䣡Լòµģ
ҩҩ޵öšˣȫˡ˵öԣԼȻĲʱײܣӺҪɱڿô죿
ߣߡҩҩקСҪ
룬Ȼ֨ѽһţҩҩһ䡣
ѹȥζ˿ȴЩ
£͵ͣв͡
ҩҩȻЩֻ֮õʹ˫ֳ½ͷ
Ӻ뵭һۣɫ׽
˶ΪӺʱȴλӳϵЦ
ʵҲ֪ԼЦʲôֻǾЦͷӿ˳ѹҲѹס
ңֹЦƺʧ̬˲Լ
ҩҩпɣҲЩǰ˼Ŵ˵ĸҪġ⻰ʵǰĸˣضҪʱʱ̿ȥӺźá
ӺüһСϽǰ͵ү˲šֻǷͷһӺز죬ҸϤ˶ţʡú¡үæǱ㲻ˣ˻ȥ
˵꣬Сһŵקҩҩߡ֮ǰСѴλүĶټ֮Ļʵµúܡ
ӺԵͷ㿴һĶӵıӰСèǣţ˻ʩһ
ѽظˣںȻ߳һλӣЦ
Ӻջ񡣡ˡ
ˣ
ϯ仹˵ãҪԼҹ̸ġ뵽⣬Բ죬ȴҲҶԣֻǹͷҾȻȥˡ
ӺԵͷȴԾֿǸСèߵķ
һĨʧڹսǴ
קҩҩûȻص·˵ķ䣬Ѿס
ȻղŰһж˸ţ˿Ц⣬۾һ˵˵ʲôţүǲ˵ġ
ҩҩͷӲŲءү˵ˣæ·ˣ˵һ׼
˵ձĻһ㶣漴ȻЦǵҺúŪǾӣүȻҪġٲ¾Ҫˡ
⻰˵öˣҩҩ̲סü
˻ѻЩ׻ǿĿİͰŲǡүү˵·ˣûᾴ¶
һҩҩ˳ָĴָʳָ໥һͶС⣬һҹʱȰү䡣үһ׺񣬻ҵϣܶ࿴Ӽ֡
⻰˵ҩҩ̲סһЦ˶˵ɽϻӳƴԭΪ棬һ֪ԭ⻰١
һѾ߰ˣȻҲĿ
Сתת˼ȥҲ²òͷԳҩҩ˵ӣū澸һЩӣðɣ
ӣһ⻰۾ˡȻүǰȴһٸáƫԺЩȻҲʱТҲûн
ָȻҴҵһնǮǵҩҩĸ׵ĹܼȨǰ̽նĵףȴû뵽ҵһɽһԼҲõǮ֮ˣˬգ
̽ѰҩҩΪҩҩһͷȴû뵽չԹɵӽֱҡͷҪ
ӣС쿴
ҩҩװԵӣȴ͸ˡС쿴ȴܿף˱İǣҲǰ׸û׼˼һ١
Ȼ֪ǵвѣαػҪ׻ԩǮС֣װɵˣ߰գ߰ա
һ㼱ˡ⵽ֵĽɽ˵ܾܡſڣˣС˵ʲôУԼ֪ôүûèȢӺүĶѡٲӴЩʳסҪ˭
⡭С챻ŵһһ㶡
£һɵӰˣЩǮʲôãǧɢҵļ仰ģүʲôֻ֣Ҫ⼸仰ݹȥǳԺȲٿһЩû׼Ȱүϼء
ҩҩϱ֪ӺӣʶЩдĻҲȥȴС쵨С˵۽ǻ޴룬Ҫ˼ˡ
С⶯İ֮ɫŨˣԹ˹ָйѾߣССǰɣҰѻ⣬ƫԺһ붼˵㡣ҾͲŽſڣܽţ
˵꣬Ѿߣü۸Ӳ·˲أү顣ү˵ˣ·ſվһᣬţ׼·˽š
ҩҩһ㶣ǣٴӺ˼Ѿ⵨Ӽֱˣ˭
ûҩҩ뷨ϾӺ˶֪·ǸնʶѾ߿ҲûҩҩͷӦ
һġ
һ£ʮ̹һ뵽һҪȥҹ͸ˡÿܿһ棬һ쵱ϲ֮¡ȻֳƺֻͷһС
ѽ·ôվ
ţȻһλϸ
ͷﺬ˾ϲǰףôˣѽǲǹҪҹˣ
׹ƤһԼŮǣתͷҩҩ˰ãƫԺĹ£꣬Ż߰׹¶ɡ
ҩҩĴ۾һգһգ𻰡
㳶˳׹µӵɵģ
׹ɫһףһѳԼŮ˵ʲôŷ˵棬ðǻ˲ɣ
δ׸Լ𣬵ί޵˵ʵǸɵôԼ˵˵ʲôҲʲôס
ž׹һϡٺ˵׹µĿƣֱɵٶ˵ֻĺ
㾹ȻңΪһɵӣ㾹Ȼң˼үʲô
ί˶޵ó鴤
ҩҩۼĸŮڣװ֪ӣԶС߷
׹Żعͷҩҩ֪ҩҩжɵֻСʵ֪Ƿˣ
ǰŴ˶ҡҡͷ׹µһţЦŨŨү˵Ƿ˲һͬȥһЩҹ

ڳ˽Ǵһ
ףǲǺͿˣΪ죬޶˿ޣŴ۾̲ס˵
죡׹ºݺݵһۡƽŮҲ㶮£ȴθˣʵ̲ס
˵ҲԼȢҩҩʱ򣬰Ȣ׸ǸŮɫӣȢ¶˵ǸˡԼҲûҩҩ£Ҳˡ
ȴû뵽ӾȻҪҩҩҹôˣүδŮˡ׹ɵҲˣҩҩ˺ˡ
ôһ룬׹ﻹа㵡ԼŮԼưȥˡ
ţȻ޷ҩҩҪȥүһҹʵôˣүӳԼףûĸŮӽȥ
Ӻ벻ֹһӣΨһһˡ˿ۼҪһɵߣĸԸ
һ뵽⣬ҩҩҪŻˡ
С˼Σգգ۾Դ׹£Ǵϲӣ⣬Ҽҷ˵ĸͷԼƵءүʲô˼
׹°ɫݵЦеƫԺһûأүҲԹˡǼȻǷӵˣȻҪӵĻΪϡ
ˣ˵أС첻£׹ҩҩ
ˣҩҩͷ֪ƺڽ˭׹ΣԻ˳ƺҩҩˣ˵أ
ƺʵеҩҩҲֻ֪ͷҹҹ
벻ȥӺҲԼѡȨɽǰ·ɣҩҩҡҡͷԼӺǸܶ̽ˣ⸮Ҳûʲôӹˣ˼ҵİš
ȵȣʲôȥ
ҩҩСߣİ׹ֲһ䡣ҩҩһͷȻԼĺͷϻźͨͨİӡ
ңȻҪүҹġĵ
ˣ·ڣʲôֽš׹׷ǰ汻Ѿͷˡ
Ȧˣ˶ţɴƹˤ㲻˵үûնô

 28 

ѾͷôˣҪҲɣ׹º޵һѳݺץס˽һѣۼ˺ӡŵ۵·ⲻǣ
ųǲʺί
ٶ˵һ仰ұûŮˣ׹¼ѹסɴһݻ
۾ɵôƺΪ飬ɰ׹µƣҲֻõ˵棬еĲȫѹһ˼£
ͷǵˣҲޡ׹ͷۡ
ҩҩƽϣֻһУ֮һЦ
׹¼״ŷ·λյģҪȻԼŮС¶Ҫˡ
׹£˳󸮣Ҳ˽ءȻչ˹үģȥɡˣҲһС쿪˵
ҩҩһ֪С쵣ԼҲûš
ǰ׹µתһתӦе˵òһ˰ɡֻһ˵үүҲ㡣
ǡ˵ͷӦҹǺ£ƫնԼģôô˲ĸ˶˵ĺͷ
ǰͷҩҩǵɫջˡʲô£ϵ¸ãֱӾ͸Լûطˣ
ƫԺ󣬴ҩҩķߵӺķĹòҩҩΪλӺ˻ڣȴֻӺһǡ
֣δκ˴ƫԺ뿪˵ȥˣ
үưˣһȻᳵ·һűʳߵӺǰϸ˵ͺղԼǰЪ˹Ǹ˸һ
Ӻü̲סһ
ҩҩһĻ̲סһЦȻǲʶȤģӺӼҲã
ӺŮɫı飬ҩҩҲѧ˸ԣӺӵĶ档պã˵ڴҲ˾ַС
һߣûҩҩ£Ѿ˵ߣ˿ʳ˳ʳѽôôʳүһǲġ
ǽ
Сһףսս̧Ӻһۣɫ䣬⣬⣬ūʵڲ֪ѽ
㲻֪ҲѽҾվСſڵóʳһ䣬αطôĴС˵
û
ĴˣôԵôҩҩ̵ֻǵӺ棬ײֱӻػС죬ֻúŭš
үȥһݰɡСŵû궼һ룬ջӺ
һݣƫԺ˶ʳԼõģǴ˿̳ȥǲʵԼ̺ܵôҩҩС
УȾ˺СҩҩԼĶӡ
ǣҪͷӺ룬Ȼ洫һ󹾹
̧èƵ˶˿һԼĶӡ
δʧǵĹ̲סͺ˼Ҫ֣ȴӺüлµĺɢ֣Ҳ͡ػˡ
˵գҩҩǰһơ
ϵЦݶʱ͡Ǻ⣿үˣնˣ
һԣҩҩĽëһһһ˫ˮﺬ˼ָмãá
󵨵Ľ֡ŲʲôүүģԼҪ˲һųɡ
֣ҲԼǳնȻƽ̫ࡣ
ȻӺֻüһȴδ˵ʲô
үүųţС˲֪ʱվ⣬˿ͷҲ̧ӻػ
˵ӺûȴҩҩŲ
СӺϪˣѧӺϪɫү˵֮ǰΪ࿴ĸԶҵĴСյ֪Ϣһʱ߽ӣȻԾԶһȰ˵ǺȰųС㲻Ծ֮ˡǳСȴȻ߲ȦΪѾһˮײˡ
ү˵ԶŮУسȥһֻۣҪֻܵƬﰲοسС㶨ܻת⣬ú
ү˵ӣǰţǸԶˣʵ޷ѡү˵ӺʽǾΪƲźáǷ˿嶣ɽǳСΪңҲСһƬġ
СҲ֮һжװסֻһү˵ȥʵЩˡ
ҩҩĵ̲סЦλǰҲǼģʵһλֶĶû´һҲǳΪӺ뻶ĶʹֶΡ
ӣ˭ϲһλòŮӶԼһƬأ
ֻ˼ҴʱʹСקɣֶҲ̫ЩɡǸԶƫԼŮҲЩ
һѡҩҩĵ׸̣ҲûšӺԺĵʵ̫ã𾢵㡭
̲ס졣
žң΢ķΧʱ㱻ƷζơӺεһۡèǺ˼ҶҪҲ⡣
ӺԼҩҩ̧ˮĴ۾дϡ𣿡
һүŲ
Ļδ˵㿴ӺѾҩҩӹһһġѺ仰ȥ
һڣӺ뷳ࡣֲèԵԭζҲζĺô
ͷһط
˴ߣ׼ٽƫԺӺ뵭Ըһ䣬ҩҩûȿڷԸ˭һӰŹڵµС˾ȫӰ
⣬еˡҩҩΪӺǵԺŴб£û뵽ʱ˿̾Ѿ˲Űˡ
ԼС˼ҡ
ȥӺϪ˵ôఢèһ㹻ˡӺٵ

ҩҩŭԡⲻǰԼôߡ
ϸϸ˼⻰ȻЩȴһ˼ӺûȢ׵ĴˡȻҩҩ֪ӺֶܼãĿǰ⸮
֮δ
һ磬ǸþʱӺ˵æֱӱˡҩҩǰ֪ӣ˿е⣬Щֵڵĸоڴ϶˰ʱ
ֱС˵飬Ҫȥ밲ҩҩŲ鲻Ը˴
ȴ룬ҩҩױͷСѾߵ̳ǹ밲

Ӻ̳ǣҩҩ࣬Ƿˣ˵ҩҩҲĳԵⱭ裬һ˹裬Щ˵ȥˡ
Ӻ̳Ϊյ˵ѽֶΣôܹһ޵Ĺ򻹺岻һӺ̳أ
ҩҩüӻöӵ㣬㡣
һ漴˺αƣµ񻹼ϲһ¡ҼҷˣضǱյˡ

ҩҩԺ뷨ʾΡţˣԼҲŰӹԼҵ๫ȥˡҩҩøӺ̳Ƕѿ࣬ɽۻ
ȥҩҩָָһѾߵ۲ˣѾ黰࣬ضܰӺ̳Ϣ
ס

 29 

ҩҩµûǷͽӵѾ߳ȥƬ̣ƫԺſڱļӺ̳ǣĲĶ
ҩҩԵһЦŲæķֹ˺ôһڶųСЦеԱ˵꣬һţԾյȥ
Ӻ̳һƼҩҩ˱ҩҩһѣǡǰ޸ԼʱһɫѰ˳Ųҩҩȴÿĵ÷ɫ°ףϲ
ϤףӺ̳Ҳ֪ôˣӶдϱ֡Ժ䣬İѾߣⲻԼĳ裬һⱲӣλŴɰСѹԼûаϵ
ҩҩΣӺ̳ڿˡϧͷĻδ˵Ѿͷ˹
Ӻ̳ǣô˵ģ㲻˵ҲҩҩôСŤٲյ
Ӻ̳ǵüһš֣Щı׵˵ʲôҩҩҲˡ
ߵ˭ϡһնӺ̳ǣңϽߣٲƫԺ
Ӻ̳ǿһҩҩĵʵЩѹס֪ԼðʧˣҩҩҲ鲻Խһ˵Ӻ鷿ĵ˰ҹ;òԾ
һȻҩҩȦЩضǸӺ裡ָں޵Ӽһɳ
Ӻ̳Ǳʸȴû뵽ڹϸ˹
Ӻ̳ǡƼӺ̳ƹâҧ͵ͻһþ˵㻹ʲôߣ
Ӻ̳Ť鲻Խ뵽ǰԼĳǸˮվȻ裬аֱȵҩҩӺ̳ûںޡ
뵽⣬Ӻ̳Ǻݺݵһۣżҩҩ˵ҩߡˣ֮Ҹ㾴ġճԵĿɺã˯ÿɺã
⻰ЩԽˡСɵˢͨ죬Ӻ̳Ǽֱ֪ܣ
Ӻ̳ǽסɫͨ죬Сһ壬ɴ೶סӺ̳ǵӵˣҿʱҲˣĸҲϴˣǻǻȥĸ׾ɡ˼æúܣҲûմǡ
Ӻ̳Цһ׵ķŨҡ£Ϊĸ׻ҪĲô
ɫһסΪһҹ飬Ӻ̳ȴû뵽һӺ̳Ǳ㷭ˡ
ߡӺ̳һ˦֡Ůȷ٣ܱȵùǰϵҩҩ
Ӻ̳ǣٲߣұа㣡ĸ׻ҵҲϢȾֹţɴ˰
ȻӺ̳ǵ̴ҩҩ˻ҪЮңùӺ̳ǶŭҲһסġ
Ѿҵӣѵ޲ɣӺ̳ǵɤ͵ͣյĶ˵
˱ˮһ㡣
һ仰ֻ˫һǰԼһңǸ븮εºӺ̳˽а塣
뵽⣬ʱǵỨ̳ǣ˼һΪáƫԺ˶ӣһ˵㲻ãȥô졣̳Ҳ֪ҲƶʵˣһлΪ㡣
ҩҩ֮죬̲סЩĿȻֶȻ˵ã찡
ʵڹˣ滨ֱ̬˵һҩȻӺ̳ǷŻ״˿ҲࡣҲǹˡ
̳ǣ㣬߰ɡŰѾһˣٲȥҲѹסˡһֻӺ̳ǿͷǰ˵
Ӻ̳ǵһ
ҩҩԱ߳Źɣ̲ס̾ŽӻֵǿһĺϷ
Ӻ̳ʮֲĵĿһҩҩȴǱסͷ߰ɡɫת磬ָӺ̳ǵĹһ漴ϲ߰ɣĸ׻ء
Ӻ̳һּĿһҩҩˡ
ˣ֪յӺ̳ǵĶ˵һʲôۻصһķŵˮָҩҩСıӺסˣƫԺٸɧ̳ǣҲ
С찥һҪȴѾЦ̵ĻصӺ̳ǵߣƺղŵצֻǴ
ʲôǣС̲ס̵
ҩҩǻ첻⡣ǲӺ̳ǽƫԺôϱӵĳء
ҪⱲӳȫڹ˵С֮˵ܶá
ϷҩҩСӹһݹ롣ͷװöкõˮ飬ˮӯӯѣ˿˿ϣˮң֮ӦоС
ҲˣЩˮǸﶼԲôӺôءСһ߿ҩҩԵһ߲˵
ҩҩǲ⡣ԭҲΪӺ뻹δԺգӹأƫԺ㷢ˣӺĳԴöȽõģ˸붼롣
ӺԼеô򵥡ҲеԵɸԼɣԺ֡
ҩҩԣоƽ
뻹δ꣬ĸװ׹Ѿſڴҩҩ֨Сһһ
׹°ѳס֮¶ˣ˵µ˵ˣһ̳ǹӻ裬ӻŷһͬǰȥԲ衣
ǰȥԲ裿ҩҩһͷˮӺҲˣԼ裬ȴӲȥҩҩΪǲͷЩ£ȴȥ˼ҵĲ衣
ʵʵǿ͸
Сһ뵽˵ģҲǲ׹£ǲҲȥΪֻǳԲ裬ȥأ
׹ʶӵĲ衣˵⻰Ҫ׷ʣ׹ȴѾʶԼ˵˻Լһ͵ϻ࣬ˡСӵֻͺáԺӻǵŷ˵ġ
ǡʩһ񣬵ͷ׹±æȥΨֺٷһ㡣
ҪĲ裬СҩҩٶׯһЩ
ˣ·ôŹҩҩСһɫѡ

ҩҩŵһˮҲ㿨סĸģ
С찥ѽһͷôˣ
ҩҩΣָָԱһ޺ɫ˵
Ҳ̫ˡӣڷ˶ڣҲڣǵôõ͵һ㣬ʡǵĴ̶
̣ҩҩŲ¡ֻҪӺߣͲ˭ҸԼȥִ˵
Сֲֻõͷ˵һðɡ
ȵҩҩһװ絽ʱӺѾ
һϮ£üԶ죬۲ﺮˮֻһȣѹ˴ֻҩҩ£ԼǳնΪΪء
Ӻ뿴ˮƵ˶鶯ˣǳһЩɫԵþ£ȴ֪ѾͷΪϲɫ
ҩҩ۹۱ǣǹģװ·ӡ
ӺٳûзӦŷӦǸյġԼˡ
߰ɡ仰ɣӺεĿҩҩ
ڣҩҩзӦˣ˵ͷһɵӣ߰߰ɡӺᶯ̲סԴ
ֻèֱý

ҩҩŭԡǣϾԼҪ˼ֵַԣɡ

 30 

̳ϾӣǶ˹˵һңôҪ̳档
ڵǰմⱦͷһڷ˶ȥ
ôˣƾԼĿݣָһưԣ沽Աķûһ˸ҸƢԽˣӺϪҲʱס
˿̣һڣͷķ˱ЦӦ͡
ǣ̳ͷһȢף˵ޣ⺢Ҳϲǹǹ̳ǳŸ棬̳ҲˡһλЦ
סһ㣬λֵҲˣʵǶ˼ˡôԲǸ̳ӣȴ϶ϲɳǼ˵ķͷһԲҲʲôҰЩ
ڷȻӦͼֵʡ¡ˡ⸮ﱾûп£һ˹ϽɣôЦ
ˣһ̳ǹ裬ҪҪǳնҲйϾҲǳӺһλ̽ʵ
Цһ
ţһӵ˶Цˡ
ٽţʵķԼҲЦˡҺͿˣһնˣ׸Ҳˡһ˿
ҲЦҲ˼ϻȥּңնǣǸˡһ죬ҾˣҲ仰˵ҲǼֵּһûС
ҿ̳ãûնȢ
ɲôնӣʲˡ
ҵ˵û롣ӺҲҩҩء
ڷԵþʮ㡣
ôһЦûЦ꣬㿴ſһλ֮ӣһϮ£⾡Ǻ
һЦ˻ȥޣ룬ôˡ
Ӻ赭дβ
ڨڨЦţŷ˼ңЩ顣ת벻һӰˣλû̳Ǵ󣬸ȲϪֺξ֮أ
ΪСҪһءĴߴŲЦڷ뵽һնӵЦʱЦһš
ӺĴ߱ͬЦЦ
ƮƮȴϸܵ޴ѹҲ֪Ϊʲôǰˣ˳ǻʱĻʵۡ
ˣЦˡĪֹЩ˵Ц
룬㾿ʲô£ϪԻת档£̳һỹҪ裬Ҳˡֻ뾡λֻ֮͡ҪӺվ⣬һһ
Ӻڷ˶棬ͷš
ڵձʮֵĳ顣һǵҩҩ˿ҲмãȻˣҪ
ãӺڿˡ
ҽҪѿҩҩҵӡһҪܺ˵죬ҪܺԼĶӡԻ׷ڲӺܶϤһУߵЦȴã˵ҳ

ҩҩ°ЩӺ룬ĪΪԼô
ͱһͱ䣬ȷһǲԼˡڷϴ㵵ıҩҩûд
Ӻ룬ȷһնһλޣôӺҵĸ
⣬ӺƢԡ
ֻҪƫԺӣٲκһꡣ
ҩҩ̲ס̧Ӻѹεζһ䵭ȴԼְһ㡣
ҩҩ̲סȥ䣬ǰӺҲıӡУȷûеġΪΣҪ㻤Լأ
еЩ塣
ʱ벻ὥϰЩЩΪԼ֯һ͵ļ롣
⣬⻰˵𣿡ЦĻڴ
ӺζĿ˰һۡ
һۣ׻Ҳ֪ΪΣĪãԼӺЩƺһֲĴĶߡܣողŽ
ĪãԼеССǰѹǲֵһġ
ý١һʥʱһѹ⣬ͷеĸҽݲðи
Ӻƿߡ
ˮѳٺ
ɡӺСèƵŮ
ҩҩܵеů̲ס֮һЦӺǳʲôĿģֻҪԸ⻤ԼԼǰȫġ
֮ǰڴ
עҪһװɵԸ⵽ȥװɵ
Ӻ仰󣬱ת뿪ˡһϮߴӰҩҩдӢ۵ӡ
ڵڷһʱ֪ն
ĸ첲Ȧεķ֡ӺϪĸףҲĹȥǰԼһ仰
ԶҪӺ룬
ȻԼ֪仰ĺ壬ҲѹλʼײβӺӵ£ǽƼ˳λүʼʶӺүӵ仰һ֮ԡ
һѵľԡ
СѾһյڰֱߡȴͷİڰ֡ˣҪ߷˵衣
߷ˣСѾһ漴úӵĳնǣū֪ˡ
Ű̬תˣڷ˻ʲô׵ġ˵ҲƼˣӺ˵ǸӣƸǳܵסģҲǿЦһһĿʼҩҩ˵
ҩҩʶӺڴʱͲѰˡ
ССӺҡֻǲ֪ݷΪιʣ
߷ò衣СѾߵ̬ˡ
ҩҩЦЦȻа㹥ԵӡԷһЩָϽ˶˵ĹԶҩҩĸǰ
ƣȻҩҩһֻصָĴ
ֱӺ̳Ǻǰ衣
ҩҩʵ̶̵֮Ƭ̣Ӻ̳ǵĻȫһ㣬ԼЩΡ
Ӻ̳ǷġӺ̳һϮ£ݿʣͨȹվһȷмַˡ
ϧһĻڰЩô졣ղŹţѾӺˡԼٸһЩ棬ָôűء
̳ˣ˯ÿɺã˶٣ôȦЩأӺģһ꺮ů
Ӻ̳ûа㷴Уǳһס
ҩҩǵǰӺ̳ǱĻǣʥּһ㡣Ӻ̳˵Զϱ֮ΪԶǶԵġ
׵Ļ˯üãԼʱ˯£࣬һСݽˣһ⿾Ȧ࣬Լ»ͷһЩЩ˯òɡ

⻰ɫһ˯֮¶ǰʣɼǴ˵ģ㣬ԼǰҲûа˽ԡ
ɵﳤ̾һ
ͷˣǰⲱûۣ˵㣬˯µʱ׺ø㻻һͷ֣Ӻ̳кף԰ǰĵһӽˣŰ쵽Ĳϣϸϸš
ʮĴĸ֮ġ
Ӻ̳Ҳʮеӡ
ҩҩĲ֪ῴֳ緽ŸӺˡ
ףҩҩҲ⣿Ӻ̳ǲſҩҩӰǰɵһĲһġ˵ʲôأ
šӺ̳ǿҩҩһЦͷԽˡҲаˣȻһ˹Լ䡣
նҩҩĶëȦϲ˵һ̹ӡ֮ǰȫһ
ףڴӺ̳ǵĲÿ̰ĿԼĶһۣ˵̳ǣ㶼ˣҲ
˲ѽ̾һ䡣Ŀ⣬ڼеϡ

 31 

ڼӺ֮ǰѾӦ԰׼Ϊ˰Ķϱ¡Ҳ÷˼ҼƲۣҲڿݣԼССҹȥ
ԣ϶ΪԼΪҩҩҲӺֳճɵɵĽģȻԳԼ
ʱ˵׼ԼĶûȢɵޣȵһɵС檡
м̫βˣŮ˻ǺúģԼ˵ûԹɵҲͰˡ
˵ò˫ȫܼ֮ҲһŰԼʲôĵط
ϵͷǷմӺĻ֮ǰ
Լ·Ҫˡ뵽ɵú޺޵ҩҩһۡҪԼôððʧʧĳȥڵӺ̳ǡ
Ҫȣ̳ôʱмӣԼԴס
ҲˣôһССĳնôεԼԱأѲӦǾɵɵĹŻ
ޡԼαس־һɵӰˣԼ飬֮ءӺֻҪԼȺ˰ɵӻԼԲ
ʱҪɵտźĸҲ̫ڲõ
㸡֮ʣ׵İٶȿˡǼװûô̳ǶѾˡ
ףӺ̳ǸҪΪ飬㱻ֹӺ̳ǽ֮ǰ˼˵ʲôȢϱĻ˿̼Ӻ̳ǿھҪȰԼǷˡ
Ҫ˿ĶӣȢò绨С檣ҲǰԼķͷһλġ
ĸףϱʹ˯ÿɺãʱδ£ϱΪ˯пɡĸ׷ģջȥϱضúΪͷ÷˯̤ʵȡͷ𻰣϶
ҩҩһۣ̲ס̾ı¡Ĳ˵˵һϹϾɣָɴû¶
ţһｵһ
ҩҩԼǵãǰİҲʱĥġֻʱӺ̳ԶȽҪʮа˴ζҪǰͷɵﰲҲ۸㡣
ԴԼ̬ȫȻͬԼӺ̳ǿǰ㶼š
ȴǲ룬ˮתӺ̳Ƕ׾ٱõС檣ûǰǰ⡣ȹ裬Ӻ̳ҲֻǶ˶촽㲻֨ˡ
⻰˼˵Ҷһÿڸ֪㡣ǲ֪ҪҶԼţǲǣһ
ͿʼһϵĻټϷűӺһ£˿ȻҪúõйй
ͷøˡӺ׼ǵЩͷˣкηֻҪͷʾˡ
ӺĸССĲ޽̳ǸǾ˫ĿģֻҪһ㣬Ҳί
ʵϣϵʱŷоûǰ졣ƵǣҲ֪ΪΣҩҩǸնȴܾѾͷԱ߿Ц
ǡҩҩǰˡ
ֻһն
ǣ֣ңǺһﾡ䵭ϱʵڲ⼫ˡ
ģһ㣬а̳ǡ˭֪̳ǳ֮ϳֿȵĺˣ˵ֻƷĹְɶ˵ѾΪˡ
뵽Ӻ̳ǣֻǰƽ覰˸ֿݡĺӣʲôҲΪηҪȲŮ˷ʱ䡣
Ӻ̳ȢҩҩҲͰˣϣּϻϵȷп֮أն޸ǸӣҲ֪ӺϪģ֪Լ¡
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һۣŪһ㽶ݵߣ˵ĸܽңʲôġֻЪţҲ
Ӻ̳Լڵһ˲ĺϣֻһ㽶Ӻ̳ǵ죬Ӻ̳Ҳޱ̬Ĺְȥ
ģġ̳ǸԼˮΪν䵭أ°ĵѣҲڷ˵ĳЦֻ̳ǸûлԼ˼
ټӺ̳Ǹ粻ԼǸöô
ĳ˹ȵס
ԣҩҩҲǸսӺΪ˾ްأһնѵһòҸӿЦô
жô⣬֮ǰжôãʵվʵȦϳԳԺȺȵģȻǸҩҩ
Լȴֻܹ⣬Լĸҡβϱ֪ˡϱӦڷ˯ǰһжʰ㲻ˡ
̬ȲŶôˣȥŮ¡ɣʮ顣ˣңٳˡݵ
һҵû˼ҲͰˡ
ڳķȴһλһѺʮŮ°λûӺվȽŸȰˡ
ȻⰲǵﲻõġҲλ檻ã˭ӺϲϴһءûȹžͰԼŵˣԺҲʲô³ˡ
ڷ˵Ҫߵ̫
ҩҩ˵˼ⲻһЦȻػһһжǰͬˡǵǰԼĿ֮ܣ£˼λվء
ңΪǰҩҩƭȡ˲Ǯƣͷԣˣűڷȫʹ˴һȦȫȻ㣬ֻǴһЩԼĺɰ
Щ˸۸ڶƵЩС⡣
̳ǣҲһ龴ɡƵӺ̳ԭԼĸߴҩҩģ⻰ߵ߲Ȱ䣬㿪ʼЯһ龴衣
ҩҩϣΪⱲǮȱֻ˺ɰ񣬹Ȼڷ˵һ￴Ӻ̳ǵϣȻᷢ
ңҩҩϵǣϱΪ檵ʱڷ˻ٶһЩⱲӴﾹȻֿտգõҲ˵ûѡ
ǵ˰ȵˡ
һȦȵߵһλˣҲҩҩǰʱѾ׹ҲסˣỨҪεϡ
ǲҩҩǰˣ׻˻ȥ
ԴӽŲƵҩҩĸǰӺ̳ǵٲԸƿ
˽ˣõʧȥģԶȰ¹ֵðõһµõģֻǱȰ׻Ҫһȵþס
еþס
ҩͷϡӺ̳ǵüᣬϴһ˿ϧ
С⻰㴹ͷһΪҩҩһɫƳѣͷϱصһЩ֯ˡһĻӺ̳ǵΪҩҩòء
Сһ֪ˣСһͷĽ鱦ʡͷҩҩ˵
ҩҩһöۣ㿴Ӻ̳ǶߵԼĸǰǰС檵龰̲ס͸ǰʶһġ
ȴ룬Ӻ̳ǲԼһۣף游֮ǰôҼǵ游˵ĸ״Ȣףֱӽ
ҩҩһ档£

 32 

Ӻ̳һ£üëʱšǲȱǵӣֻǵֵٸȥ˭Ը⡣
˵ӺҲ֪¶
⺢ӣõôæ㻹пղЩ£ģĸ׼ˣֻЩ֮Ҫձȥ
Ӻ̳ɣһҩҩ׻Цĸ⻰㲻ˡȻ֪ĸڰ콻ӡǱ֪ΪĸءӿռȻﶼڣԱѵɡ
촽̲ס˳飬ǿЦĸȻĸ׵Ĵ㣬ֺ̳αشߴ١
ӵվһϣͷЦǡģЩʱҲҪЩȻߵġ
Ӻ̳ǿ˵ͷ
ᡣӺ̳ȥҩҩ裬ӣһ׮׮һʲôʱأΪԼ޹ģȴû뵽޹ӣɷˡ
ȵҩҩһϱТĺϷ͵ʱСţһصƫԺϼЩ
أҩҩűʵ
ط˵Ļүȥˡ𻰵ŨҲǸ׹½ָչ·ˡŨҩҩĻȴûκλӦŨŷӦҩҩ֪Ϊ
Ũ̾Ҫڽͣ㿴С˶ƺҲûʲô˼ѱŸ׼õĹȥˡ
˵öԣɵӣôүءŨ̲ס̾
ԺСС쿪ʵ
Ũתתһָ档еģСֻԵģ
֮⣬˵ҩҩСˡ
СԹȻˣɫһݡ˼ǣ·˲С
ŨҸСԸֻ÷ŵңҲ˼Сģʲôºֻ˵ȥ
С̲סü˵˵ѵɣȥҽ
ŨתתһĻƣе̵߳˷䡣
㣬Ҫҿ˰ɡ·ߵѾ߿ɲǺöԸģοү·ȥԺء
ɨһۣʲôүֲǳǸԺءѽ㻹СȻͷľҲǸȥү¡
ү£Ũ졣
һЦüүϲһնԺﰭ£ɿԺķֲϣҾֻү¡
˼ǣҪϳȥ
šüǵҲڣ֪ÿؾشҲ͵ˡ
ǲԸ⿴Ǹҩҩÿүǰȥ
ǺðɣһжıǡŨС°һ㡣
ЦЦͷϵıϣһԶǶķ۵֮ҡΡҲ֪
Ϊʲôѽ
үأ̫æˣʵ۰ĿڣһТģ
ޣԭˡТ˳ģһ߰׹µġ㣬ŨһĶ㡣
Ͷˡһᣬ͸ɵӺѾ˵һ˵ҽӲãͲȥˡС˵ͷĳʦڣ˲öʵڶ͵ԺŰɡ˵йô
нԼŹҲһһֻٷʳȻҩҩֻڳŮͨ綼ҪЩģֻҪ˼ңҪһ򼸸Сҹȡ
ǣŨס
ߴҪ⣬Ũ㼱ææĻصСǻػȴŲŷ֣ŻŵͣᾹȻˡ
أŨСɨѾͷ
ѾͷĻƿָָСķȥСˣ˵ҪԵġ
ŨŶͷҡҡͷֲ̾Ʋˣǵǲ̨ġһкηαҪ˵ۣ
ˣҲһˡȥ㣬˵ȥСˣС֪һ˵˭Ҳǵæ
⣬ⲻðɡɨѾͷһǸġ
ʲôõģȥȥŨ
ȵӺӹǡٽʱ֡ΪӺ׼ţææĽҩҩͶ˳ȥ
ߵλ·ˣһλǰʵ
ͷĴӦһǳʱЦֲﲻϲ·ˣС˵죬ûġõһλˣΪ˱ԼĿ֮ڳһ磬Ƕȥ
⻰˵Цˣ˵
˳СҺ˵ǸʲôĵʱСľԱ߿ţȷŲǺʱ򣬾Ͱ˺üء⻹иѾԱ߰ء
в˵СҲǸ͵ɲô֪ĵģǿÿļֱûȡ
Ǿǡӹ·˳õǺòϧһɵˣ͸Żûаģһģʲô¶ͨ͸
ÿֱЦĺøˣӣ˵ǶˡϽģϸүһˡ
ٺһЦҲͱˡ
졣Ц
ȻϻһЩµĹȥƬ̹Ѿ˽յš
ˡһзƶһ֭⣬һϺʣһʲˡ
мճԹ˵Сˣζ
߿ߡʱ磬ϽŮհ׹²ڣŵĻƾϡ
õĻ֮ףҪӺǰúñһԣմüΪѤһõɫǻ޷ɫˮһ˫ЦεĴ۾ֲСЩ˲סڵĿԼ
Ũô⣿Ӻ뷿ſƼŨѿڱʵ
㡭ŨĻ˵һ룬㱻ϵˣ֪ǶүߴգҲҪָʱ򡣿Ĺҵķϣһʰʱ׼ȥ¶
Ũȹϵϣǲ˵Ļᣬһֳڣ˼ͽˡ
ŨԽ
үǶ˰ɣһݣеһϣŬųõЦ
ȴһ̧ͷӺŵҩҩм䣬ҩҩСͱһݳªĵġ
үԵЩ١ǰļˣȻû˼ҵĶԻճ
ġҩҩӺֺáĵллллӺڷǰάԼô

 33 

ǰҩҩ޸Ӻ̳ǣӺ̳һҲδŰάҩҩһΡӺ룬ȴڴĵһһ㡣
ˣҩҩ˵ȴǼѵõһů̫С죬ΨһһԼˡ
ҩҩģⱲ˺ܶ࣬ϵĻȴȻܲʹˣҲַͨʽΪԾ⡣
£ĵײδƵԼ
̳÷ĵģ̲סӶġǵӺ棬ֲ˵ЩĻֻЦеΪһƬ˼ˡϧǹһǲԵĵģ˵ҲŵʱˣŰɡ
ֻΪӺΧȴ˼ѹû
ֻӺߴ̵תҩҩϣһϣĿԼ˫ƵĹʣļˮ
ӺٿȻһЦ
пɡ
̵ģ
үɫʱôˣΪӺ˲ǧεĵģӺûп֡
пɣйоصĻ
ǰ̵ģ䲻֡Ӻû
ӺƽͣȴҲ˵ѹҩҩãƺûü˼Ѿʼʶˡ
ǣһ˫̯ϣʮָˣй⡣ֻϧڼԲָϣмӨˮݣȻǱˡ
ҩҩԼŵһӺǰ̫ţȻԼָϻءڵһ°˻ȥ
ΨӺᷴǶ˵ˮݡ
Сüۣ͵ū澲ãūֻŰæҨ棬ȴˮǸտġ
ȡҩӺް
һȻＫΪҩҩ׻ǲΥӺ˼ǡ
ҪŻ¶Ӻٵ
ı˹ȵסŻ¶ƫԺܹҲֻôһƿүҩ̫Լðɡ
ûס
ӺҲû𻰣ֻ۷ɢɢɨһ̴ۣͷææ˳ȥһƬ
ү˿ն
ȡŻ¶ߵͷ°ָʹŨŨһүˣ
ǡ÷ꡣ
ôˡ
ȥȥʲôŨšһѡԺˣһЩСѾ߶ˡ
Ũ۵һˮȴҲ࣬Ͻȥⷿȡޱȵҩ
Ե㣿ڣҩҩŴ̽ζ֮˶ˣϣƷϣ˿϶
Ӻ뿴Ͱ͵ĵģѿĵַ֮ӡ״ɫͷװεõ廨̫磬ѱ̵Ŀήڡ
óԡӺûǵģѾ˵仰ȵ˿ڣ仰Ҳղˡ
ǰСèȴЦ÷
Ĳ֪˶ٱ
үҩࡣô
ҩҩҪȥӣȴӺȰҩߣְְϣСҨҩ࣬һһĨ˿ϡ
һĶһǳɣ֮ҩҩֻǱҩָϡ
Ӻ޵Ĺιָ⡣һİĴУȴ
ү°;öҪϡδӺĸù
𶯡ҩĨãҩҩֳȴӺֹ
ÿùҩҪƬ̡˵꣬ӺְҩС´ٲ׼ʲôˡ
ǡСϹϾȴֹס˸Żϲ۳ʲôԵʣֻҪүϹķˣԵĸˡлүүģū澿϶úչ˷ˣҲ÷ˡ
ſʲôСֹţС췭˸ۡ
Ӻ
һϲүǶˣ̺үŰɡ˵꣬ԴĿСһۣ֮ɫԶ
үԵġһѼС죬ʳȡһ̲
¡
үʲô£Ĩһ޼鷢Щ˵
·ȥģСȴæǺιʣӺָϣ̧üȴɫ
ʲô׻˻һ
үңҲ֪ǣСæŰɡ
ү¸ûϵĸûϵӺûзӦͨһڵϡû뵽ӾȻĻΪնͷ 
Ӻ̺ʮˣδһֱΪӺҲЩֵġҲܹƫԺߵĵ
ȴȻָоӣδԼϡ
үͰ͵̧ͷ뵵ˮ޸ɡ̺ô꣬ѵ˽ҵΪô
Ӻ뻹Ĳ˽⡣˵ʵ֪λŮǰ׹µŮ֮⣬ıҲ֪ˡ
ڰ׹µķϡӺ뿴һҩҩϴĿĵˡ
϶ʱһƬϲ֪Ӳ᲻ԼġֻһʰˣԼ̫ˡ
ҲǣԼڸôˣĴηү𷣹ΪүԼȻˣŴ棬үֻܰƵϣŲ˵ϧԼء
ɼүĶԼáϸ֦ĩڶˡ
۴̲ס̶ƵĿСҩҩҫ֮ɫȴӺ˵ĺ仰е˰֡
Ӻ޳ָ˵һźľƵӣͳ㲻ƫԺ̺ˡ                        
лҪ˵һġŮˡ
ĶŮ䣬ĺŮ˳谮ĸ˽
ŮҸ˱Сѧ˺̫ĸŮѧʱϹĳѧسѧżǿܲãǰ鹤˫գҲǱܹɷ۰
õǶŮľ籾Ůٰѣʹӣ³
Ѿ˹Թ߾鱻ŮŰ׼ȴû뵽ϵͳȻŮĸǴߵģ
ôѸ
ϵͳһһΣһһһ֡Ҳߡ
һΣһ֡
һǸ΢Ů䡣

Үҽˣ
ŮôƲˣ

 34 

ɫʱòҰһƬ
үǲˣ, 仰ȴʯһûõκλӦ, һ˲ĸ߰ʱȫȻȡ
ү, Ҫ⣬Ҳߡһ, 뿪⣬һū澼ҵŮ, עֻǸСѾ߰, ˺ȥ, а
ʧȥһеһ˲䣬ʶԼ˶ĴġүԸԼ, ԼͰżëҿ·ˡǺεȵĺͿ
ү, ֪, Ҳ, һòáץסӺ½, ½ǲ֪ΪôңԶ
ҩҩ, ˣ·ˣ飬, ҲߣĲ̣߰žžڵϣŵҩҩһ¡
ҩҩҲû뵽ӺֱӽƫԺοΪƫԺʵҲӺˡȻӦãĴҲ̫Щ
ʶ֮ӺĮ²ûɵġֻԴԼʶδԼչʾһˡ
ȻҩҩҲΪ顣벻ǼĪΪԼµĴȻҪԼеεġԴ븮෬ԼǰҫûгʰҲﲢˡ
뵽⣬ɫתͷ
ҩҩ䵭һĲɵóˤ˹ȵסҴˣ֪ˡҲҿ·ˡ
߶ţȴʳڵκһˡʱλԼԺԼƽ׵ĻҲ˾ءһʱں޽ӣȻ˹ȥ
ӺָһڣʱһһҼšתͷʵλǣ
Сһū澽С졣
ţСӺٴƳһҩҩ˿ڡ
Сһ漴Ц˻ҩҩСյߵˣҲүǵš죬˵лл
ҩҩһ¶ظһлл
Сèצӡ
һҩҩӺ鷿šԺͷȴӺ̳ǵӰû
ӻûߵѾߵѾ߲ˣ֮ǰΪչҩҩ̫ܶ򷢳ָѾС̡
򷢳Сʼջģһֱ뷨跨صֱָָΪѾʱżС̣Ű˻
֮԰ΪС̺޼ҩҩǴп֮ġСҲѧùԾ٣㾡ġ
ӱˡС˵
̳͡ǳɻ鲻һգ̳ǣͬޡĺţҡ·žһϡ
СһǸģ˵ҲǻɲôÿأȻҲ
֨ˣСΨĻԼϽһˣҲˣܻġҹˣЩЪɡ
ЪôţѵһȥҰҪôŰ۵ˣ㿴ŵƫԺ㶢ô
ҩҩСҧгݵūôܲšŻƫԺ˹˵Ӻ鷿ڶûء
˵Ӻ뼫ôôִյһյʵڼҩҩá
˱𼱣鷿һˣûסһȥȵӵĸ顣˵ӽûţȴС˹ԵءСҲ㿴ˣӺ̳ҲһƬʵ⡣
⻰ɫȻ˺ܶࡣŸӶһһỹҪء
áС̵˵ͷΪʮʹļ˴齡
ٽ㽥ˣͷѩҲԵ
ڣһźľβ̻ܲݳ˿ʣһλŮ˫գ촽΢΢ϣɷˡ
һλӴͷ߽һĻҵĻϧĹͷ˱ڴһƬ֮
գҩҩŵӡ
˶̫˷ԣҩҩ޸ӺӺ룬˾ʵϺͿˡҲ˵ӺӹƧ𺣬˵ӺĵλҲͱһĹܼҸһˡ
Ӻ̫үҲǿٱ
һ뵽⣬ڷ˶ҩҩĺøָȫܾˡһնһӣﻹкӹѽ
̫Ǹ벻ġ
ſֵ˼ڷ˽˭Ҳǰĥĥ밲̫ҩҩӺš
̫ףҪ˵޿Ҵҵĸ˽
ߵУȴûµ˼ڨڨЦţͷ΢΢ǰ̫̽ˡ
ϣղŵôôҪǸͣʵ
޿Цø󣬿̫һ۱ֵͷҵϱͿ˵ȻָޣҲָšˣ̫˶ˣȨڸһɡ
̫һﾡȻʲô׵ģҷּҸɽءָţָҡӺ˿ȻҪ˵¶
̫˵ˣɽձϾҩҩĺӣǿдλŮ绹˻ȥɡϴĦ̫ɫ
̫뵡İڰ֣ʲô
޿һ⻰پй⣬Ҳֱͦ壬ϵּ壬ȻҪЯ֧׾죬ȻȥΪӶءɩȻּ£ҪһˡοҲҲмλڳ٣ָõõĵطȻӦС
˽ΪӺճӵңҵĵλȻҲˮǴߣݲ̫ӡ
ԼԷƱˣŽʱǰСġ
ϱףɫȻЩҲס̫֣˵ȻҵǸţǱɡ
޿˦˦ͷü
ֻСݲôˡҵҲˣֱȥƫԺɡҲع밲ֻ̳ǹ˵˵ҲͰˡ̫˵
⻰˵꣬޿ϵĵ⣬㾡ɢˡ
ԼƫԺţýӺοοң˶Ƶó뿿ּŴּѹûҷ
̫⣬δ氡޿ǿ
ңǣһΪּҵءԭҵġϴҵģȻҵˣҲظظʲôεǮˣҳˡ̫
ԼûطأӦǣϱסˡ˵꣬޿һۡ
޿֣̫ϱ˼ϱֻǾãɮ濴棬ôӺķϣҲ밲ǣ
̫ЦˣﾡǷ˪İּҵĵλǲؿµġ
ǡЦǴ󸮵ˣҲֻССҪʾ֦λ
ͬĿ޿һۡ
̫ҩҩ˻ˡ
ݲ޿ĥ䣬ͷѾСѾߵѽһ˲̫ϽԼƫԺܡ
ȻҲûٳŵһ̿һҩҩ
һۿòҪ޿һסĿѡֻҩҩ񴩵þָʱҪһˮɴͷȹɫ֯ƽͷ׵ʯĵŮ
ԹԣԭӺǮ˼ҡ޿ĽŲˡҩҩ޵ĲǸӣ˴ɰӰɡԺҲܿԣЩˡ
޿ԽԽµĲҲԽԽ졣⺢Լһִģõǰ̣ҲúûرԼһԼҲȥαؿӹ
˻ˣ˻ˡһλСѾ߿޿㺰
޿üۺЦͷɱ㿴һһŮЯԼСԺŮӱӰɲԼֶŮô
ֻ˾ûлͷԼһۣʮֲСѾߵôû
޿ɫһ֣ת룬żԼĸĸټԼҲҪݵģԱûлͷ
ţһ룬һЩ
߿ߣȥ޿СѾǰͷȥƿʣԼںͷš
޿ʮǰȥȴϹʰȴû뵽񵭵ʮƣƵġ
һϸϸյװ磬˵Ҳţ˿ܾøҩҩȣһļǮȴǲࡣ
˵һͷɣ޿ϵóӺ֮ðġ˵ÿǺÿһЩɢıʯ׺ģûҩҩõǰ
ѲɵӺǵвǸն
뵽⣬޿æǰʵӺô
⻰ʳʶȥ˿Ӻ̳ǵɫӺ̳ûн黳Ŵ޿ֵĸıǣӺüá
ǺǺǣǹĸͿˡǸ̳ǰ⣬ĸûб˼޿Ͻ¹ү͵
Ӻ̳ǽմһྻʵİ̬ţгģ
޿һĵȷ֡޸ĺжòãԼˡ
ĸģ̳ǶһƬģضƴġˣǽָ֮ػţôҲҪ˼Ҵкɣĸйĸ˵ȥ̫ʸԺӺ̳һɫ¡
ȥ̫ʰʵ
Ӻ̳Ǳۣ˵ͷ
Ȼ飬²ȥ̫ʰֿʼǸҩҩˡԼһɽһ㡣Ҳ֪Ӻ̳ǵʲôħԴԼɻҩҩ
һ뵽͸ˡҩҩ֣ԼҲһҹŪýƣ롣
Ϊҩҩɻ֮Ӻ̳ǲǰǰȴȻ䱾ˡʵ벻Ӻ̳ΪζҩҩǸնִִԹˡ
ʼɣԼ޸ǰˣǶǴ
ƫƫ˶ΪԼüá˿̣ĸ޿ҲæĴӦӺ̳ǵ󡣡²£һỹҪģүȥɡҰС׼ţȹүһԡ
лĸӺ̳ǳ޿ЦЦ޿ֻ¹үǴ绯ˣôô˳ۡһ㣬⺢ӻǸиġ
޿ĵܵϱҲĸĸʼնû˵ֱӺ̳ˣС˲ſʵǰΣ
ԥһ£뵱˵˵Щʵһ뵽ЩǼʵҶԼµļƣʱת˼
촽ʩʩȻϣȻǺüˡ
޿ĵϱЦŮȻǲġ˵죬ǻʺԹŮҲܺüЦʲôˡ˵ү͸ˣôڼǵ¡
ǿһЦ
ˣһʱ򻹿Ǹҩҩˣ㲻֪һ˻أ
ģЩ£ϵԻһЩ
ȻģĸƭʲôҷſģֻСǸѾߡ˵ӺҲǵģ֮ǰû׵ʱûŻǲûָô
ϵһöˮɳˣζڴݼɢſڵ޹ȥһն˭˭ᷴ͸
ɲôǹүҲӣȴǸٸϹˣɼġĸЦ
޿ǡָô꣬ûǹүڵ񲻵ʮͣѾƷˡǸӺ룬Ʒȥò꣬ʵ¾͵÷ͽˡϣҵѽĺϡ
ô뿪һЩ˿һ⻰һʧΪԼȴٿסӺ̳ǣȴӺ̳ǶԼȻȤûС
׻ӡ
žһȭϡ
˴㵵ĿջЦЦ˵һʱˡĸҲǵģһӸ̳ʲôӺҲ䣿
ȻЩԾҲûʣǸռˣЩϰ߰ɡ
Ǿǡĸ׸͵㲻֪޸̳֮ǼĽʲô˵϶ҵҶɣǰȻҵң˵ҪȥӺ㣬įߣҲ֪ʲô⡣ģײŲȺͿء
ˣӭϵķΧĽõ˼㡣ȻãӺǵİûôҪֻҪܸԼҪģǮλҲ㹻ˡ
ҩҩĪӺ̳ǵϲΣԼɷ򶼱סӺָôأһӣҪʲôûʲôģȵԼ
뵽⣬Ĵ̲ס
ǱһСѾߴƵġСѾ߲Ųæ˵ȴһ͸ĵĻ
ˣ˵̫ţȲˡ
ʲôŻȥĻʱҪǲǣ
ʲô޿
˿ļˣǶһĿԼʶԼʧ̬УҪס˭ܿҵЦ
ŬԼĺƽ˰ֵû£û¡
ү̫ҲģϾִҲڣһġ֮˵
񣬵ͷô˵ϾǻŵӣǴˣøĸ׺͹ĸԴأ
⡭
ɣȥ̫ǰл˵Ҳˣĸ׶ء˵꣬Ҫߡ
޿˵Ҫȥ̫ӱ˵һ𷽲̫ľɰŵܵܵϱ棬ֱֲ˵ֻܻŵ׷˳ȥңҸһȥɡ
һǰһ߳ȥֻĸĸˡ˱˴һۣվǵ˵ͷ
һ˵ɡ
ã˵˵
ͷ޿׷ǰȥ
һۣƵĸʲôһ˵
⣬̫˻ˣ˵ȥء޿ֻֽ棬شš
ȥʲô˼֮ǰ̫ӵ񣬡ˣôأôҲ˵ˣֻȥ̳ǣֲǱȥġ
⣬ɣһȥʱͷţҽȥ̳ǹҳòã޿̽˵
ϾּҵϱΥ̫Ը
ˡÿɷ鲽޿Ͻںͷ
ָĻȼ࣬ⴺѾ֦Ⱦۺ졣̫õȻƴůѾԿĴһ̧ͷƼ⡣
ĸ˳Ŵȥֻҩҩվһλӡ촽򣬿ȥ䵭ӡ
⣬Ӻ룿޿ҲǴʧɫųʱȷʵֻҩҩѾˡԣ˵еǱǽҩҩ½εĽηˡ
޿ȻӦʲôηӺԽСΡ
⣬ǴеӺҲһ˰
ǣĸٿ̳ʲôָָһϮ¡޿˳ָķȥֻλ˽ڳ޵¹ү˿һϲҩҩ˵ӺߣĿԵЩһֱ׷ҩҩġ
޿ʱԼֶŮĿɬү²ǻš
ޱĵ˵ͷ
ƾʲôƾʲôñҺá
޿龰޸ʱҲһˡֻǸǸ۵Ѿߣ޿ƮƮˡ˵²󣬵޿ر˿̵ĸܡ
µӽԿȢ檣ֻҪûһǾͶҪǾͻȡء£޿͵񣬾֪²һˡ
һ࣬̾ǻȥɡ
վڴ⣬ϸˮߣһ˫鶯ĵһɫҲѷ֡
ĸͷȥ̳˵仰Ȼٽȥ
˵˵ʲô
˸֡ʮ壬Ԫƻᡣ
ָڣҩҩ̫࣬ǰż̾¿ɰĵģҩҩհԵġֹ̫סҩҩ֣ӡ
ҩҩòȫСԱ߲䡣Ӻ룬ǵƷЩô
ѽҩҩӺǲǸ˲鷳ҪൣЩѽϿ˵
ӺҩҩһۣĨһ˿΢Ц⣬á
ãôỹأŽݸӺ̳Ǵ껰޿ʮֲ졣Լ̯һɵķֱᷳ
ӺҲǵһױһװˡָôʰҩҩġǲ֪κ㿪ġ
ҩҩӺò棿޿ʵ档ҩҩһЦü䣬硣
޿ģ׷ʵƽʱ˭أ仰ʵڷ˵ĿҶʮһµ˶䡣
Ӻ벻ҩҩǿɼûĵġ
ҩҩһ漴޿ᷳʵڵ˼¡⻰뿴ԼЦˡ˵ʵӺȷôԼ棬ȴʵǸˡ
ԸȺ฾
ԡҩҩԲ޿ֱӰÿ֦С
⣬õ֤ˡҩҩǰ֦Ȼܰõ֦Ӻ룬ɼƽǶüġ
̫ĵǶʱɢȥ̫˵ùȻû
̳ǣôȥҵﶼȼһܽ˵Ķ䣬ŴſһλһŮ˽͹£üҲ֮ǰչڷֻһ۱֪ǾµԵʡ
֪ΪΣӺ̳Ƽһ˲ȻƬ̵η塣ֱӺ̳ǵĸ첲ɫչһЩҲãͻȥˡ
һЦ֪Ӻ̳ǵ׻Լй¶ʮǼ¡
֪¾ͺáӺ̳ǵϣѹûи̫ʰ˼ǿӺ룬Цѽⲻô˵һնδķ䣬д°
Ӻ̳û뵽ȻӺ뷸ѣ˳ӣͳɶ񡣡
ýλӻֺγϢֻΪǸλԶԼӰˡӺ̳ǻء
壬ǲѽ׷ʵ˵棬ҪǶҩҩӺҲǸѸˡ
ֻͷȱ˶һ֡ǸѸһǸɵѸ
㵹ʲô֪Ӻĳˡ
⻰һڳļλ˽ǴʧɫûҩҩţѰȻʧ
ոճɻ飬ʧ衣ҩҩӹȻùǸҩҩʲô֦Ӻ룬Ǹɵġ
Сģ⻰˵ҩҩʶദáίҲܰװ׿š壬ҩҩԺȴȷãû֪ţⲻǻô˵꣬Ӻ̳ǵԳ޶
˵ĻΪλҪ˵ӺЦһ
һףͷһظоһӡ֮ǰ̫Ͱֳȫһ
һ˶һŮӷĵӡ
񻰱ϣǴӢ۶ϵӡ
ˣӺֻ˵һ仰ȴѾҪվˡ
㣬ҪܺԼɷ򡣡ӺָƹһӡӴ򵥵ʽɫҲЩңȴûа˼
ң̳ǵĸõúءɲ˵ȴֹס顣
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻԼһӲ硣Ȼ˼Ҿ򵥵ÿ仰ͱϡ
ڵȻҲɫ˵˵һҰˣôõң𳤱ļ
Ťͷҩҩʼ˼ҶǰһˮǰһлδԼˡҲǹңˣ
ѽôʲôɩֶŮԽϢˡռǵĵطȴҪұӲǱġ
ˣ̳ǹأǺ˵ЩʲôϸϽɲӺңҵĹϵΪʵȡЩء
֮˴ٳҩҩӺĻ£ΪӺҵļ˶ڹʵȱķ֡
뵽վŵԼķһĿӺ̳ǣȴ룬˼һ˵˼ûС
޷ӦģȷðʧˡӺ̳Ǵ󷽷˵
ѻˡû˸Լһ
ҩҩ죬Ĺ̳Եһ롣֪ƾӺı£Щ޼¡ֻĻĸʲôͷĸӱͲãЩָҪǰһˡ
ǵãǰʱӺ̳ڻʱֻãֻǴΧû˵ʱ򣬾Щԭα¶ˡʱɸڽӵʱ֪ΪһĻǡñĸʱ˻
뵽⣬ҩҩԭɢȥĺ
ҩҩŴ
Ӻ뵭
ӡҩҩָָٺͷһͷֵǮĶΪƽ
ʶӣ漴СТġڵѾߴֻ޻СֲΨֱ͵֮ԲͶϺ͸
˿ҩҩ˵һ£ĪЩ顣ӣǺС͵ģǣԼɵƺӶϴˡ
ʵںڣΪνճʱϸЩǴôһӳױȷʵֵֻǮѽ
öǲһӾܿȥصýһͲժˣΪʵڳĵɫãҲס
ףӺЩѽ˼ãѿڵʶסӺ̳ǡ
С߹ȥƣȴͷȥˣΣֻ˼ǿͷ֣̫ʶҩҩ͸С̵ģ֮ǰһλѾߡ
ȷ̽ʡ
СͷȻȷԴ̫͸ÿһ϶һССҩ֣ΨֶϲͷϵһӺͷһҩ֡һǵãСʧˤһ飬ģͷ޲ĺۼ
С̣Ӻ̳üǸҲһС̵Ѿߣһġ
˵꣬Ӻ̳ǺȻӦ
ҲӦ
޿ҲһķӦˡ
һʹ͸Ѿߵӣ

 35 

Ц, ٽ̫, ֻ̫΢Цˣǰʧ
Ӻ̳ǵӹҲס, ζƿһ㡣ôһѾߵĶ
ίͰ͵ǲ, Ҫ͸ҵġ
Ѿ߸ĵ㶪ˣӺ̳ǵƢմ, յּ, ȻҪҲ
˿̺޲ڵڳһȥί, ֲͣ˵ӺûԼð, ֻ˵˼Ļ
ϧڵ˭ҲšӺ룬ҲһЦ
ǾȤ, ǾԼСè̫, ֻ˵, ܰú֮ء
, ̳ǣȻǰ, һҪء̫ǹȥ޿ǰԲ
ˣ˰ɡ̫Ųӵġ˵˲ƫβˣҲͱָԼܸ·
ֱ޿СԺ, Ӻ̳Ҳ֪Ҳʮ˵£ֻðӺ̳ǵȻŽʱٯٯģ
ĸǸû۵ģЦеӺ̳ƱյӺ̳ȻӦȱôҲȥ
ȴ룬ྐྵǸűģ˼;ƺ󣬾Ϳʼ˵˵˵ӺҵլҰǰһأ˵Լ游ȹһ׺׺˵лر˵ֻҪԼٵ꣬ұд
Ӻ̳мȥʾȳƫ鲻ãѹ£Լĸ׺ס
ɴձ㵽ɡ绹ҪȥӺֻ̳˱
͸ѡŮҪҪ
һͿĵӺ̳ǳԾģﻹȥ£˵ŪԼĵģƫƫǸӵģҲʾˡ
ĸһø첲Ҫ
˦˦ͷԣŮɻмҪ˵ءӺ̳û̾һȴװ˵ǡ
ٺ٣һ׮ȴȱЩǮŮͷԣһЩģ׸ҲҪˣ㡣
֮ĸ԰ǻ˵ʲôⲻǼôүҲˣﻹˡ

ⲻĵԼոӺ̳ǰôˣԼĵҪڻŵʹӺ̳ҪǮţ̳οԼοҰ
ĹٹҲɰŽţں޷ûźֵ졣
Ӻ̳ȴһЦ
ҲǼʶˣʲôСС
һӺ̳ǴӻһƱʮֲмϡȣȥͷ͸͸ȥ
һӵС̲ȥˡ
ȻܿӺ̳ǵĲͷûüëƫƫȻŵģ
ϣôһ۾һ漴ָ˵Ʊ
޿Աߣε̾һһͲˣռ޹ȥǾϸҪǮŮƵġ
û˼ҲΪãΪ׬㻨Ǯء֮ĸһѽƱڻſһЦ
ֱֱǣȴʲôҲ˵ˡ
кãεľһ졣Լ˿סǣǻֵø
ô޿֪Щȣǰֵ̫Ѩ˵ʹռ˼ָĵطΣ̳ǻһƲҡ
Ҳô˵ͺˣõġӺӽҲˡ޿Ȱ
Цһ㲻֪ճʱһǧأأ͸ҵһǧһʲôġ
޿Ҳ֪Ȱʲôˡ
˹ĸҲȰˣԼĿԼŰɡˣҪС̴򷢳ȥմҴһüõɡҪҶҪģҪ԰ɡ
ԣǿͷһԴ׵ġ޿
һ״˿ԵúĸãҵѵҪô
޿ʱˡֻһ˶ӵеһĽʣΪܸ֮ܵζ
˻ñһԽ
ãĸ㰲ŵġ޿֣̾ľͷһȻûе߼֮ʱϲ˷ܡ
⣬ɻĵڶˡֱ֪Ժӻȥ
ָһչȥӺ̳뿪ּңҩҩҲĴǱ̫һ̫ӹǱǰǿһЩûвصףҩҩԷġ
ĸǿȥԼѾǳնһ¸ĸ
صӺ֮ĵһȴȥ˰ҩҩҲ֪ʹʲôֶΣ֮չС̱㱻ҩҩ
ɩΪĸҩҩȻþܾΪӺܵ⣬ڼңֻӲĿС۵ѾָСվһ
СȻҲʮָڶһͳɹҩҩˡ
Ǹ˵ţС̿ʵ
ŨͷţСϹ࣬ϲʳӦϲ
ţ֮ǰ̺ˣ˽ϲˣθϲһЩϹࡣɣȰңȻȥȡСˣһͬͽȥÿ졣
⣬ⲻðɡϾģҲҸɻѽŨ
ʲôģֻҪչ˷˿ľˡС̴ӹͰ塣ģչ·˵ʱǻûأȥɡ
ǺðɡŨٺһЦ˵ƶͷӦһ̵ȥȡһСˡ
ŨıӰСЦһһɵñ
ҩҩպϴϣҪ͸͸ͷһλ˫ٵСѾߣһ£ϸüС˭
С̲ԼӵһĨϸϸϹԼָ˽¸롣
ҩҩ÷ۡԼûƼվҪϹϡˡС̣ȻǸɺ޵ġԼ̫ˣͳۣϸñŶԡ
ˣˡ
ҩҩŸճ߹С̵ü˳۵˽Ҳ֪ЩСͷЩʲô֮üЩĥ٣ȥǱ֮ǰ˳һЩ
ϧһڡ
СհϹ࣬˵ͷЩִֵĵع֣ܻһЩȴǺõġС̰һ빧ҩҩǰӣĲ˶
ƫԺС⿼ãһϹ࿴ȥŴͷΰҲǿſű󣬼ʳ
ҩҩ̲סһ¿ˮ
Сˣö˶˵̣ʳʲô
״ɸףҩҩҨһᣬ磬ůڡСԱȴƵһ
֮ԻᱻָɻҩҩߣΪ˵˻ҩҩװɵһ¡ҩҩղ࣬ǺȳĲԾʮС˵װġ
ˣ˵ȷǳյˣϻشԼָ²Ǹɺϰˡ
ԣջװգȫһˡ
ҩҩŵһ̲뵽һġС̵̽أ˵Ⱳӹñǰ˳˳ˮҩҩǾԼҪٶЩųɡ
˵ģӣ͵ô湻ȻӺһԼĸǰһ㲡أԼС
뵽ԥ
ҩҩ¶ҪӲͷƤʱȻͷ׹µүô磬Ŷˣ壬îͿɻġ
ҩҩʱȸԾˡǸĴˡ
û룬æ˳ȥ룬һԷ
С챾׷ȥȴҩҩֱ嵽ǺӵǰȻҪԼԱ߰¡һЦС̵Ӳ̺ˡ
ˣ㲻Ϲһ͸ˣȰɡСȷǺ˵˵ҲС̣һ»ø
ҡҲˣһӻҪءСֵ
СݸһЦƣ˸үȥ鷿ԷٻˡҲˣϽȰɣ˺øϴ·
С̵ͷҡ˹һ㡣ֱȥϴ·ȰɣȰɡ˵꣬ҲƵܡ
վסСȻʲô̺סС̣ǲ¶ˣ
С̵ɫѿôأҡ
࣬Ҿ㡣Сָɴָ࣬һɫ˲ҾܾҪǲȣҾֱӰ򷢳ȥ
ҡС̲˵ȡԭСһ̺ͬҩҩʱ˵Сһû࣬ûӴ󡣿أ˼СҩҩͷһˣƫԺν绽꣬С̳էȻҵ
ȡС۵һƵǰ
С̿ɥһһߵԱߡԼĨҲ֪ûбԺʲôèȹأû׼Ĩ˿ˮҲ˵
Сʵھ²ȥ졣
ƫƫСǰһ㲻ȥҾ͸ûļơС̸սƫԺٱ򷢳ȥǿ᳹׷Լ
ȰɣŤȣԼǰ̾ͳ׶ˡ
˰ˣҾһ£Ǻ˰ɡС̽סԼıӣſһ㣬㳢ζ
һҪ£ָܵӲסգ뱻һƣ඼Ķӡ
ָʱȴˡ
ŻС̸³Сָ֧ס졣ȥ
СС̸޻ֻ֮ӲǿࡣСС̹һŷɿ֡
úôСʵ
С̿סԼҡͷĳ嶯˵ͷúȡ
ǣС̣ʵԭһ࣬ȴԥҲžסҲˣϽ˵ʵﵽʲôˣС
ûûУûССһζȴҲȥڣʹ͵
ǲײĲᡣСҸ㣬ΪҲ֪ôƫԺģ㣬ȴ㡣ղ˵ҶҪȥү
ýý㣬֪ˣһΰɡС̿ĨʲôûУǸղŷߵüлҵͷŲԸȵġý㣬жǰˡ
šС⵹Ǿʵ
С㣬㿴һ̺ͬ˵ķϣȥϴϴɺã˻ңʵܵþС̰
ŰɣȨǸˡСһʢһٴС̡
ʵҲһᣬСǷĲᶾ
С̼Ե𣬾ԼɳζŨˡ֪ˣԼͲķʰҩҩС㣬ҿˣҳȫҰɣĹܸһڲҲа
СҲᾢ˵˲ǲ
һضûС
С絶ʣθֶͣ͸һͨ
ǿ˵һѣڵе̲ס˭Ҫ̽ɵǲɵģҲ룬Ҫǲɵô̳ǲޣҪ޸Ӻأ
㣬ǲΪӺȽÿô

˵ŮŮȴһĿͺ˵˵Ǵʵһ
첲Ĺأ
廰ԣһű︮͵Լġһ۾̾ȷǴġ
ǣһһɽɽߵëԣʶӺĩȵӺҲͶôˡ
˷ŵơ
֪ÿǺÿʲôãö룬Ǹһ¾͸ƫԺʮӣҲʮ಻̫࣬ܿԣءҩҩֺôֻɽء
һ뵽һ㣬ܶࡣȻС檣ҲӺճӵС檣Ҳһ̶ϴӺ档ֻһ㣬ĳԴöȾͲ̫
ҩҩ񴩵ûҲǻԼļױҪ׵ʱҪ˭Ӻá
ʵС̼龰ˣһ뵽ԼѾ˼ҴһϢҲͱ졣
ˣҿҲ̽ǲǳɵˣѾǰ϶ˡɣֻҪٰһ£Ҿ̰ҩҩҪ
ģС˫۷Ź⣬Ҳصҩҩ߳ˡ
û㸽ӰһСݸС̣ǶΡ
⣬𣿡СɫǲҰײҰס
ôɣֻˡģⶫѰ⣬ϸޱȣһû壬ѪҺ˶ȫУԼ·Ҳֻܷûˣȴֲʲôߣǳ£ҲҶء
С̰ŰɵӣԼ˳ָһ㡣ƣдأҸıţɱ˿
֣С̵Ȼࡣ˵ͷãˣ㣡
ϲüң޵ȻǴˡԣѽչûĽ͸Сһ룡
лˣлˡС̳ЦݵļЩԲ˷ģСһʧġ
ãȥɣϸˣСỳ㡣
ãС˽ӣתʧ⡣
ᣬԲſʵ㣬ǰϵֶҲְ

㲻˵û㵱ưͣһСĵ͸˿С̵ıӰһߵһۡ
ѾͷᣬҴý
ҩҩ׼ҽ飬ĸѰ÷ӳȴӺ뾹Ȼˡ
ͷľˣһűЩ˪֮ҩҩõЩ̲סͶһ¡
ӺվסţѰϸ̺ˣԶ
ҩҩҡҡͷ䡣
סźòãӺٴʵ
ҩҩͷţá
ӺȻһͷǾͺáҪʲôֻܸҡ
ţҩҩСǡȻǼõˣôֻΪԼסĺòãʵϸļˡ
ҩҩӺԽӺ̲סһЦüʮˣ˯ɡ
áҩҩСһһ䣬
ӺŲҪߣȴͷķ紵ʱСèС¡Ͻţ첽߳˷䡣ɵȵ߳ȴ־ʲôһм
׻˻¿ţСèȻֶһ¡һЦ˫ѸѸţ߻صĴ齱ߣһ
´μţС첻ڣԼһ㡣ӺҲ֪ԼЩġ
ҩҩûȴ𻰣ӺüһһźÿµӱЩ䵭ţɱ֮
˭̵ĴǸСѾأӺü٣ȴնԴֻСèһº͡
ҩҩͷε˹ģཱུСдɻֱ˫˽֣ǰ߰ߵѪ
룡ҩҩŵɫҰףæ۵˫סĴ֣һǿָſ˫Ѿۡ
ܵ˵ĺëһҩҩס죬ԼţԼѩ׽ϣͼѹסЩѪ
ӺܿˣϽֻһ顣£¡ȴӺڰοڰοӺ롣
Ӻ̵ӻɰֱں£ڵǡû˶˼һ
Сû˶Լ档
û¡Ӻ˵һ˲˻ƣҩҩûв׽ֻڲ죬ûһ˳ôѪûһ˳ôѪȴһԣҪοԼ
ҩҩȥϽ
ƫԺ˶Ѷһء
ⴲ̵ģӺ޳ĸ첲ϣ̯ߵС˹Ϊҩü񱻱ˮϴ˿̾Ȼ
СĶͷڵϣֻּūҪΪ̴׹¹ҹҾͳȥˣСū澻ʱС˵Ѿ̺ˣū澱ȥһۣȴĵ˵û⣬ūҲû롣ūû뵽ǱﾹȻô˵ĳ롣ǧū澵ĴүҪγͷū澾޶
Сϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ⷬӺ˰֣ͳСģ
үС̲ˡ׹´ͷܽλ׹ҲǸƫԺ֮ȻûԼŮһ飬ӺǰԽϹϾС΢
һ㣬ҩҩó䡣
ˣӺ˫⡣
ǣūķҵ׹˫ֵһСͷһϻǧ롣ǵƵİͷһ֯С֡ꖡ
ҩҩ
үϴôģŰѷ֮ǰ֮õѾС͸ˣΪıС̽ıˡ׹۹۱Ǳǹĵ
ѹأܲȥȥѰɡӺ뽫ǿƤڵ¡
׹µ۾ɵûԲүʱˣǴĵȥѣҪӺѽ
Ӻû˵ֻΪȰϽ˵ū澿Īȥ밲ú˵˵СȱУҲ÷
÷ҩҩԱ߶ʱˡڰ׹²Լͳˡ
Ҳǣ±ԼģӺһϵûС԰׹²ӺԼͷҲġֻҩҩһӺ˺۵֡
ǾôưոݣʵǶԲҩҩҪӳӺһĵͳ˵ǲѣɲѡ
һ仰ʱð׹ĶˡһǴĦӵ£ôδȴ֪ΪȻ涼Լ
תת׹µĿȻնϡž׹ʮֹԼһ⣬ĵū澺ͿˣūȥѡүģؽСѳ
šӺ°ָָǱӡ׹¶ʱ⣬Ը˴ϻ߱ӣЯһȥץˡ
߰ɡӺ뿴ҩҩҩҩһͷˮ֪ҪԼȥʲôطӺȴҲûֻͣǳСһ䡣ഩЩ
СͷȻҲ֪ҪȥʲôطٶΪҩҩһƤɫ멣˶ͷӺ
׹Ȼڴ֮ǰӺЩ𣬿һȴʮֵСȵӺҩҩŵʱӺּѾ鲼ȫ
ҩҩҲЩ죬ǰϷдһ֣ǰ󡣵׹ȴƫƫˣÿһ֣䶼Ź
Ӻվҩҩࡣ
һϮ³ĵɽ۸߻ȴһϮã鶯ɽһֻ׺Ŷվһ𣬱γһĻ˸Զ۶¡
ү̳ǹӵˣ˵ʲôҲǽȥѡ׹´ֶ
Сվҩҩ⻰̲ס֪С̺ˣġүλָסġ
Сôһ˵ӺӺ̳ǵλſڴֵĳüͷһԴŮŨˡ
ȥơӺ뵭
׹µͷȴӾȡǰԸ񣬽½ԼˣôջҪһأ
뵽⣬Ȼʣ·˳ɡˣԼߵҲԩΪλ·˵ȷռһϯ֮صġ
ֻǣɵ𵱳ӺϪΪָŻʱһеӡԼ˵Ȣ׸űˡ
أǵţԵúȵȫ˵ǰίҲˡ
׹벻Ϊǰôı仯չӺҲʮˣΪ˽Ҳԣ԰ӺϲȥĴ̬ȴû뵽Ͽ
ֱճɵɵѾͷӺһһ
ϸϸ˼ӾǺʱŶѾͷĵأ׷Դһ룬Ǵ̫ڰ𻰿ʼ
ѲɣѾͷ̫ˣ
׹»δͨ˱ѾСԺſˡӺ̳ҲڣʱҲеһЩ

 36 

ҹһ޷ʯ񻨺е, üԶ, ݺ촽òһվԺſ, СѾ߱㴹վ󣬹ò̧ͷ
̳, һȥ˯ɡһӰˣҴͷ߸ߴΰӵ
Ӻ̳ͷ, ׵, ٽҡҲǵ, ˺ͶһѾ߰ˣα˴ġ
һЦ, Ѿķ˰ɡ
Ӻ̳ǵ촽˶ǰӺŮɫ, ɵҡҡͷ, Լضˡ˵Ӻڻδ, ϾҲδ, ԼǽЩɡ
뵽⣬ĽŲͣ, ĻҲҲ㣬һɡ
֪С̵£ʵӺ̳ӣһʱûܾ, ͷãͷˡԣȥüѡ
ԵСѾͷæܻ˷̺λеĽӴĶࡣ
ԽԽ֣˳ƵӺҴӹȻһ˲ţ˵Խ˵ɣֱ˾Ҿʹûô
ʵĽĺȻҵֵһŵɷ
׹£Ѿͷʱ㲻ƫԺú̺ӣȴҪ⸮󳳴֣ɺͳŭӼǺÿüĿ촽Ŭ
׹ȻǸϧġ˺ƫԺʧһΪҪѾߣҹصҳźáǷ˷Ҫţūֻǿˡ
ȻˣǾͷȥɡӺ̳վϢ˵˿̣ΪһѾߵӺ롣
ԼҩҩˣȷⱲӲΪ֮ǰӺ̳ǲġ
⻰ԡӺ̳ǵʱü۵ʹȴ̬檲ȥѣһΪӺĹأūѹͷϡҹֶֶϱԺӣҲǻҲΪá
Ӻ̳һѰ˼ҲȻӺл˵Ҳмֵˡ
ȫӺ̳ǵ˫Ŀɫߵúһ졣
ʵԴӻյļط粨ʼӺ̳ĸ͵˲١ڻ֮Щӣƺæ̵Ǯ˶Ӻ̳ǵĹ
˸ʱڹۺúӺ̳˼աڴֶ֮βõӺ̳ǽҲЩסˡ˲Щ͵˼
תŰ׹µȻҪѣҲðѻ˵סǸôԺӣΪεҪҵһ䣿˯ѵҲȥô
žƾӺһӵݣȥ޷ǾǿԼ檣ԲԼˡ
Ǹѿĸ׵ԺӣȻҲûл˵ǲѵĸԺӣҪСԺӣǶ϶ϲġ
˼˵δѿԺӣ׹ЦЦʵ
ͷȻˡƾĸ׵ĵλǸҶԺӣӺˡ
һ仰ҪѣӺһѣҪȻҵСԺǵĿʯԼ䣬߰
ūҲǷ£ȻҪ㵽׹˵
ϵĳ֮Ũٻ˭˵øС
ˣūǾŽһˣʵ֣֪һ׹˿Ϊý֪λ檣ѾԺ䲢үԺ䶼ˣļλ˶һ顣⣬һ
һɫһǾȻеѿĸ׵ԺӣҲţǶںŪҡ
ƫԺˣһˣŻ˵׹²
ţɰ׹µûаٵӡŽŰͷܹңԼû
Ǹӣô¡Ұοһ˵Ӻ̳ǵɫʱһú˵
һЦǣҲһʱŰˡ˭ȥƣǿıѹ
һλѾվӣūȥͷŵƵʱȷʵ׹ǴӿԺġ

סԵ֡
ƫƫǸӵġ㣬ôôţýůůѽ
Ӻ̧̳һۣ༫Ϊɿɰü۾ҩҩмƣ̲סһӦһš
޲šԵһ죬ƫƫҪǿЦҹȻˡ
ū澾Ͳ˵ĹˡֻҪū澽ȥûλѾߣū̾ʹ˳ߣԲҶ˵һһľ
ˣѡ׹³Ӻ֮⣬ӺϾûѱ˷
ȵȡ˵ѾͲѡҵԺӣƾʲôѱѡ˵ԺҲܣҵԺȴɲҰ
Ķɤۣ˵Ѿ˲û취ձҪסԼԺӣǰ׹ҵС̣Լϴ塣
ֻҪȵ죬һͲ˵һԼС͵ԶԶأʱʲô˵ˡ
סҪס
Լ
һ°ˡһӰˡ
վСԺſػⲽ˲Ӻ̳ǻô룬ֱȻܵһɱķΧ
̧Ȼ׹µͷ߶һĶŸԵЬĳԼ˼˼ҷԼоȫͬ
Ӻ̳ҲòϣһЩȻȻʶδʱҲһƽӵĶ֡
ѸˣҪֵʲôʱ򡣡ӺƽƽͺƲȵ϶١ߣҩҩڴ׵ĴԵýɰΡ
׹µͷ̴ø͡ūȥ˵գӻ֣С̸
ͷҪվСԺſڼţȴߵӺ̳ǳס˸첲ˣ嶼ˡ
ǡҲΪáװίɫ
Ӻ̳ǹȻʮã̧ӺǵκθĿ⣬ƶʱˣǵ⡣˽ȥɡ
Ҫٱ粵Ӻ̳ȴѾȥˡرڸղſҩҩһ֮Īķ
վԱȥӺ̳ǰԵĻʾԷüһЦˮƺȻ֪ʱʲôء
ӺվԺ£֦滨ǡôҩҩӺ뿴һۣǡŤͷŻ㣬磬¡
毺õĻ泩
ǲԼڿСèعüۺŹУֻ𣿡
Ӻ뿴ɵ·ѹͲǴǸͣԵŮֻǣһЩ벻̫ӵ°ˡ
ۡ
С˲ӺӦҪ֪ǺûӻӦûʲôʻ
ԶվţĪʮֵĲζ
Լòڣ̳Ƿ۵һԶն˵Цˡ
Ϊʵǡǡ෴ԼӺ̳ò룬Ҫ֮άϵ飬˼ҩҩӺ룬续һԼżԼԶԶţҲܹ֮ܵİӿ
㣬㲻˵Ǹ鲻ôǸҩҩȥҲûôɵԴյߵ˵
һ죬۾ҩҩջֹסԺڼӵķšҲ֪С̲ûغá
˳ˣ׹³ˡ۾ͷһҲ̫ɵ׻ЩŵĴյߵ㣬ô죬С̹Ȼץסˡ
һ˲˹ȵס
Ӻ̳ǵ񲻶ԣϽǰѽô£ôǵԺףС̣ⲻпĸ͸ūô
֪סˣȰʵ˵
ôģӺ̳ǼȻѳˣҲǺʹ죬ѿڱʵ
ؿڣһµӣҲִ֪Ѳ飬ҪȻѾָضءҲ֪ļģʲôףʲô˼
һ仰ָʱס˼С̡ңסеҪЮ֮⡣
ֻǣС̲⣬дֵİƤƫԺѵͿժȥô
үСˡ׹ǰ
ӺԵͷ°ָָϵıӡޱǷҩҩһⱻ˴˴
׹¶ʱ⡣Ӿɱϵˣϰһ㡣ֻ׻ǶһүǲôĻˡ
ءӺԶԶɨһۣ̹ǵ۹⾪̲סһﵽ׻һ
ãǸäĿԴģȻҲ󣬿Լⷬժȥˡ
ûʱСӣӶǽٺĿϲ߰ɡ˸ԼĿڣסӺ̳˵
ȴû뵽Ӻ̳ǵӶҲû˶ʮ־ӡһ漴˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻƫԺС˴˿˫ִŻһסС̵ӡ
С¶ޱͷʱŤţһʼƴŤ
ô¡Ӻ̳šü
Ҵ𻰣ȴޱ¾ԼС̵롣ҾܣŮ˺ⷨĥˡΪǣΪֻҪӴЩ룬ûڵһʱ뿪ĻЩ˳ż壬׶ЩȴУѹѰá
֪Ķȴδ뷢ӡ˿̣һŵþʧѪɫСȶڷ
㺦ˣ㺦ˣСһڵϴŹһ˻ߺĶѾĿѣȻʹൽ¡
߰Ľ£͸ӴˡףӺɱӺԼһֻƵĺӡ
ֹƵûԳţҪ̱ˡ
죬ʶλ˵вСӺ롣
˶ŵ˫ȷʱλʼٸȴһνӡֱһߵҩҩ
ҧ촽ϣȻЩ£ƫƫ۾ֲϷɣǷҪԼĴñһ㡣
¾ͱۡһ˫ֺȻǰ˷
ֲǰɨһ°ˣδȴĪ¶һ˲֣öĵĴ硣
¡С̻õġҩҩŴ졣ȷǻãǽӺ벻ô˿̱ĥ˻Լˡ
˵ԼǷһ顣
뵽⣬ҩҩ̲ס͵͵ĿһۡһϮ£࣬Ǿǧ֮ӣȴĪöԶԼôãõһطȴûаĲӦ
̲ס֣סӡ
ʱ
ӺֻԼһ˲ü漴ȴҲδ׹½һĻ°ͼҪ˵ϡ
ôˣżȻӵӶҪ˿أȴһնץԼӣֺûзС
׹²Լ۾Ӯүĵ˾λ׸ȡҩҩ
ˣˡ˺Ȼһ󾪺ҩҩ̧ŷѾεӺ̳ǵĻ
ͣǶøɾ
ΪӺһҲͰˣȴû뵽СѹûƽϢλүŭֱǹޱС̱ס󱻵СԺſڡ
ҩҩİоӺȻִ͸ĺȲ֪һĻʲô顣
ӣλйأϷдŕְ˵Ҳλ檵۷أ檣˰ڻȥ·ϣ׹̽ʵ
Ӻû𡣷С죬˿ϸڣһһ˵׹µָС̹ʱ˵÷Сһ顣СǷȥģľ飬ɼ֪ʼĩֻ˵ӡңǸŵģСء
ԭ𣬵Һˡ׹»عζͷ
ʼգӺͷûءֱСҩҩˣǲˣ
Ӻͷһۣûκβ
šҩҩ̲ס˸Ƿû˯ϰߣôãȻˡ
ǻȥ˯ū澸һıӡС˵˵仰ʶױֻһ±졣
׹£ǿпıӣСֻóſڡ
׹һӺ˽ȷʲôУиǲֻޱͨͽܱ֤ӵ˽ˣѹܳѹòˡ
ԣƫԺû׼ޱ
ȥв÷СӻǺöԸһᣬ÷ҹϹһʱˡ׹ҲҩҩеĵλȻǰ㶼
һʱСȻЩ⣬ǿڰ׹Ѿ㾡ȫķϣҲֻܵ˵ͷ
Ӻûпڣ׹ԷģֻΪ׮ӵ⡣үȥҲ÷ˡ
ȵ鷿Ӻûа㽹˼
⡭׹Щӵ˼ˡǰƣǸԼȥҲ÷ô
ƣȻǲʵģӺҲûʻĻᣬ̤߻Լ鷿
Դҩҩɻһֱ鷿˯ġ鷿Ҳ׼˴˯ò̹
ͷٵȵȡ׹³ҩҩ˵
żҩҩڰ֣СȻص˷䡣
Ӻ鷿򵥵⣬Ҥ״ɣе伮ɾң˿ﻹһλɫӣһűȻЦôˣһΪ㲻ء
Ӻͷ֪ڡ
ţղˣ˵ӸҪڣ㱻Ӻƴס
ȵȡӺİ׹˵ⴲȥ
׹ʶĴӦ漴ȴһ㵡ǵӵ棬ֱһԼĶ䡣
һΣСϸϸļ鴲죬ҩҩڴϡΪޱδãСȸҩҩһƽȵĶ棬ָһƤžһЩ
С˯ûУ⣬Ȼ׹µ
׹½˵ɡСһҩҩҴ棬һ߻Ӧ
һĺڳԾŲǰ׹¶Цһ·ûޱ˯ãҰޱùǲȽðɡ
⡭үʲôأСʵ
׹ºǺЦţԲϿṵүǲ˯ˣҪ鷿ء
ҩҩ漴ϵ˵롣
׹ǽѩĶ棬ʶĵ˵ͷôã˶ˣڻһء˵Ӳ˵ȷȷʵʵѾλ·ˡ
λ·ȻЩɵ˵ҲǼ򵥵ӵĵҲУüٵġ
ãūȥ׹ϵṵЦŨ
С˫ֽӹǺڳȻƷƷ̲סϵȣǱӶȸҩҩϡ
ҩҩڽԼǼһ˲䣬ĸоһӺǹġΪϵζС
ꡣ
Ӻһͷ˿ܵĥδװβ㱻Ӻ̳ǵĴҡˡ
ĸ׽ȥһˡӺ̳ȻһŹ²մʵȴǸΪ׹ӡ
ȻװΣȷʵЩ̳ǣЪһᣬȥɡ
Ӻ̳ǵͷҡСĲ˹ġɣĸ׵ƢҲ֪첻ȥָҪʲôĥء
һ͸˵Ĵʯͷ˼Ҷ˵ȢϱļҵķԼ˵һλǺãмУҲԸԼа档
Ӻ̳ǵĻĸˡǸѾߵ£㵽֪֪
ûȿڣѾü۹Сţһӱʮֵί
⻰ڻңѾߵȷżȻ򵽣͸ģΪôЩ顣˭뵽Ѿ߾ȻӺ룬һܻԺ
ã忴ûз̳ǣҪǽ㲻ڣҿҪˡίȴҲҪΪһ˵ԽС
Ӻ̳ǹȻʮõӡˡģʹҲڣҲôġˣϽȥĸǻػɡ
ҵĺԼȻڲ޳˫ȡ
ԣǵҸࡣӺ̳˵
һΣԼеѾߣôֻǲȥ
ܣС̵Ժλ֮ȥôһ⡣ǿԼš
˿̣Ѿˡ
һֹڿУһƬһƤǵǰͷ֨ѽһСš
һֳԲӰڵϵȥ
ĿڣƵһ䣺ʲô˳Ӱӵķһ̧ÿǹޱС̱ϣһͷ˿ͨͷúóó
ѽһ쳹ӺĺСţ˶̱ſڵ̨ϡ
أ˹ȥ
δ˯µӺ̳ǼϵſڣסԵʵô£
սս̧ͷ˶ҪӺ̳ϡСС̡
Ӻ̳һ̧ŷС̹űӱ߸ߵԺſڡҲ֪ʲôʱģ֮˿ǳӲˡ
˭ҵģ˲ɣ⻰˵꣬ʱӰӽ˳̳ǹӣҼ˵ˣҪѴѾ߹ڸ۵ĵطЧȡ
ô˵˼Ӻ̳ǵüšĴ̫֡ˣ̧ȥҪȥס
Ӻ̳ǽŵʱ򣬰Ѿø첲ֹסĴŹǷһ̫ڣڶû˯Ͼ
ΪӺٻԹԼһͣȴû뵽˰֪˼ʹҩҩȥ˯ˡ
ʱ־鲻ԾǱȴû뵽һǰ졣ҽ檹ʲô
ĸףεˡ
εˣö˶˵ôεأǲװƭ㣬ѽѽֶҼöˡ
ǣĸף˵Ӻ̳ȰŰѽϵг
˵ЩӺ̳ǲųһȻҲǱӺֶˡ
£ȷǸӺ̫ˡܾãλûôʵε
ĸףһΣ֪˵˵Ӻ̳һ
ͷμһλ߶Զ˵ӺһλλǶӣǶӵ塣
Ӻ룿̲סЦôܣһӣҲŹپƷԶء
ĸףֻһ仰յֶΣһλӺ̳ɫʵ
ʱסȷȷǵõġʷϵһλĺɱϡ
ĸףǱö֮·Ӻ̳Ǽ
ǣҪأ̳ǣҲ˵游ʱǣҪӺ뾴мӡ˵ӺĵλҲʲôڡ̳ǣɲ
ĸףǶӵİʾأĵõӺĵλ𣿻õЩ˶ǲĸ룬ӺѵԸ񣬻ЯӺô
˵ģҲ޵˳˼Сֿڵ̳ǣ
ĸףС̵ʬ߸СԺſڡӣҪĳϣӺŰɱū澣ʥϲþĸģø游Ϊ˵ϼ仰ĸײԸ⣬ֻƾһҲɡ
ҹⲢްڵĸϥ˿յĳ֮¡
һߵƫԺ鷿ӺһλҲų¡
Ӽ׹±ޱ̲סȤ䣬ɼӺɫãҲͰ˼ɫ˵룬ҹҪ˵ڳϵֲ࣬ʱֲһЩ׽ˡǱֶӺ̳ǻ㲻һ¡
Ӻ񵭵ɨһۡ
ô㲻ϲ˼
ûС
Ϊʲôֱ飿ͺŶԶԶԣͺʲôƵġӺ룬Ǹֶôˣ
ûСӺɫɵС
СʲôҿʥΪҪ£ȷһ¡һŵ󳼵
ɡ²˵ˡӺɫء
úúãɾͲɡĹְҲýһˣƷϴšɣǨƷɺã̫ˣҲ˻ɡ
áأӺ뵹ʹӦ

 37 

ƷԱûʸ볯֮ӣֻվڵӺһϮ, ۽ǲƱһ޾ɵڵ, ҷҷڽűߡ
һλӺشӹԲĿ, ݰסҹﳣһλ꣬ɹڡ
λֶӹȻ, ˵Ҫڱǰ㡣ɹڼװͣ½Ųò촽˿˵
Ӻ뿡׵ϲɫ
ǰɹʵ
Ӻͷ, صʲôʱˡ
ɹڵɫʱ, ·, Ӧ֪ԼʲôطȫġʱҪ
֪Ӻ񵭵ɨ, ʼնδһۡɹ˵仰Ҳ׷̤˴
, ɢһС̫쳹
Ӻ֮, һԼò˿ͷ, ڴߵһ, ǸɫޱǰεޱеС̸ʱʱԴʺ, ֱۡ
룬룬ңҡ
СѾҪǰιʱ㿪ʼ, 
ҲǹģҲǹġҲˣҲˡҵĴңҡҲԴˡ
Խ㣬˵ôأǷ˽˾ͿʼҲҲϴҪҪҸ
ûȻԵҡüһԲ͵ûͱôԹ˭ءˣҲιˣȥҸɡ
úúãȥõĴСѾ߷룬æ˵
ȻᡣһסõĴǷô
ңûѽֻҸôΪҽΡСѾߵд˭ҴõĴ
ˡ԰ס֣Ķ档룬õĴȻҽã⻼ҲࡣҪ֪һ仰˶ӡҪڷ粻ҽĲ鶼˵ȥ˵ʲôԩ겻ɢ֮ĻǲĨӺӰǵô
ǣǸôأСѾСʱû⡣
ҵģȥһΪϡٵĴ˵ʲôҲֻΪڴԼҽˣġ
СѾߵ˵ͷ˵൱еãҾ˵СѾ߸Ͻɱȥ
࣬СѾ߻ִֺƭϵ̲סƲƲ졣
ΪҲ֪ΪʲôסӺôҲǸɵġҿжãÿ춼ΧĽ㡣ϧĲôƣһӶܸ۸һѾ߶ܸų
˵ŻԽƽͷɢҵȻʮ־ŵĶɢﺰһĻҴҴҴˡ
ˡǺðɣԺҵĵӣֻܽˡߵǷԶɽͼǰ̲סһȻûǸӺÿȷǸϸ壬вж
˵껰ܵнŲٿȻͷŷֽŵľȻҩҩС졣󻹸һλûüͨСѾͷ
ôˡλϣһ˵
ҩҩǰûӴλԣ˲֪ʲôӣıظЩһҲʲôˡ
ֻǲ֪ΪⱲԴӺ
ǹС㡣С̲Ȼǲȴҩҩǿġ
ɡνָָϷŮˡ˽˿Ӻˣ޲ð˶ڱͷҲ֪߰ʲô
ҩҩ̲ס̾һû뵽ⱲӵȻ֡˵ʵԭȸӺĸʱٳԱǰ֮
ȴû뵽ûԼ֣ӺһС̰ŷˡ
ǿϧ
ҩҩǰ˼һһСںͷΨҩҩ
ǽһŵ֪˵ġС챾ΪΪӱܰװȴû뵽Ȼġ
ңҴˣҲӦôȥƵģҲǹģҲǹȥƵġ
ƣʲôƣԷ˸ۡôһһˣᾹ˵ЩûӰĻˡǿûУ˾߰ɡ
Сһ۵С̵ʬŰߣſˣСô˰ɡ
ԶʱùӿС죬ȴ˼ҽ
˼ұվŵӣλ첻ߵӺ롣
ˣ߰ɡСʵڲӣ˳ҩҩ
ҩҩ˵ͷ
ʵڷŵһ˲䣬ȻԼûôˡңҲûôӺ̳ˡ
˵ΪʲôΪԼⱲӼ޸Ӻ롣ӺԼĺãĨɱԼ󲿷ֵĺ⡣
߰ɡҩҩԼͿҪǰǸԼˡ
СԺͷȻҩҩѾûˡԴСԺ󣬰׹¾˷ͷһЩ˵ĻƣҲˡ
ᣬȴ֪ʲô¡
Сӿ˽Ųߵſڳסӡôˣʲôˣѻ˵ͷƼҩҩԺ޵кãһūһɵӣѵܾүô
үˣСɫҲˡ
һΪҷˣү̳ǹˡ˻ʱүߵŻ˵̳ǹ״үŰɱū澣үѾ˴ˡүŹϽ׼Ӵ¡
ŰɱС췴ӦС̵£ǣС̵Ӻ̳ûйϵΪҪ˺ء
ˣϽɿҡҪȥ̳ǹһĻֻҪȥֻҪԸȰ̳ǹӣүһ
С˵ɿ˽ס֡ͷʱŷҩҩѾ̨ϡ
ˣСһæȥס֡û°ɣˣˤˡ
С첻ҩҩ˵һĻҩҩʲô´ǣҩҩʵġ
ҾҩҩȻ˵
СһҩҩͷһȷԼ˵ı飬Ҳǰδе档
˵װףҩҩ˵Ҫ
ʱ˿̵ҩҩһ㶼Ǹֻʻĳնһλӡ
ҩҩȷҪ
ʱһϮµӺ뿴Լ΢ЦʱһįڴСԼ
Լִ޸ԶҲ֪СΪС
һ·ǰΪǰҫĿˣȼ硣
ҩҩǵǰΪ֮ԼΨһһμʱӡٴˣǽߺۡ
һϮҫĿĺ죬ĵʣɿݡһӣһ˫ɫ˫ֱ
ɵǰҩҩҲ
ҩҩΪԼҴʱᡣˮĶȻºͣȻûа㲻
෴ÿֻҪߣ͸еͺһԷʱȻ˵ܳԵñƽոһЩ
֮һһҩҩĿϡ
Լôܺ˴ءԼôӲءãԼ޸ȴΪ
һ뵽Լһ뵽ԼҲҩҩ;ԼһЩ˭סĺ
ǲغ˰ɣ˴ˣһǲõġ󣬻̳ǽһšſڵԣ˿ǿ׳ĳˡ
СǵҩҩҳšҩҩȴѾװףȻһ⡣
һƣΪҵķ´Σҩҩٲġҩҩһ仰ڳȫĿɿڴ
ˡС°ͶҪŵˡȻղҩҩ˵Ҫʱ뵽һ㣬Ҳֻ룬šˣ
Ը־ĻŵҲסҩҩ㲻Ǹնװģ㾹Ȼװģ
ˣС˳Ծľͷﶼ˻ϲἸҪɳۿˡСÿడҲǵģʲôʱõģôСء̫̫֪һˡ
ҩҩһЦݣסֵڲǸ˵ʱ˵ȥ׼һҪҪšȥĸµʼĩ뷨Ӽ̫Ȼˡ
úúáȵȣˣȥ
ȥֻȥģ⡣
ǣСһߡС˵˷ּΪҩҩ˲СѾߣЩ͵Ҳ¡
áҩҩļ򣬸ϽȥˣԼȹǣصƫԺȥӺ鷿
һ֪Դ˿Ҫһ֤ݵҲ¡ֻƾƣȻǽ˹ġ
ԣֻȥҸ
ֻǣһվࡣȵͬ빬ʱӺѾ˴
֪ʲôԵʣ¾Ȼû̲ǻʵһҩҩͱҪڻʵǰ´ˡ
ļƻȥԶܲϤҲ֪ʵ̫Ϊ̫һֵĳȨ̲͹̫ﴦá
ɡ
ҩҩˡ
һ̴׵һϮۣɣҩҩѹ̧ȥơڣǵԼΪζĿİ˵Լ⡣
ô˵ɱū澣Ӻ䣿ʵ۵쳹
ǡҩҩһΰԼĶͷҲ˵ϡ
ǱӺ䣬λʲôϣ´ɡնʵ۰ڰֵڳԣһλ󳼵ķ˷ܱһλ󳼷Ҫöࡣ
£һӺʱ˵ղնôôĵˡɹڶһ䡣
ʵ۰˰֡ӺôƷҪúõߡȻʵǸˣǱûʲôɵȵˡʵϸСİӱֻܾﲻԾܾߵ˶ס
ΪλӲԼǷꡣҪ󰸣ܰĵȫץпıȫǰɱ⡣
ɹڲ˵ˡû뵽黹תۣҲǰҡҡͷӺţķʱҲðȫһЩȴû뵽ճһλԸ
ɹڼǵӦǳɵģʱԼΪ¶εЦӺ룬ôÿƺܴء
˰ˣˣɹҡҡͷ·ģԴԷӺ˳
ɹڱ͸̲
ã£޷ġʵ۰ڰ֣ȻǲԸΪ׮·ˡ
ܿ죬ҩҩϱѹصļŮˣҲΪ̲⡣
ںͷɹһ˴ҡڵǰͷӣڻʵ۵ǰ⣬
룬ҩҩӺ붥£ҪҪӺ롣ǵúӺ׵ĵһϣӺûнһֱڸԼ塣
Ӻ뻹˵һնˣ׸űǡţ˿Ӻ²նȻˣҲͲ˵˰ա
ǽˣҩҩߵ̣ѹôŬʵ
šɹڳʮֺÿ
ʶ룬ǲǣҩҩСڵĴʵɹڱ㲻˵ˣλŮʲô˼ΪӺ뿸ԼӺǰ˵û˵Ӻ취ȥ
ѹͲýġɹ̲ס˵˼Ұŵúúõģ˵鷢һЩҲ¡˵֪ɹڻǾҩҩЩࡣ
㲻ҩҩѹЩ䣬ŬֱһֱŴŴ˵ӺǸܺúܺõˣҲǸдǰ;ˣΪһū澶
ɹҩҩ˵ӺǸʱЩЦȴЩЦˡŮ˵ӺĽֻһ֡
ԣƴԼҪҪ
ʵûʲôԼһ٣ʵȴŬһˡ
ʲôԸûУµ񣬽ɹҲֻЩˡܱ֤Ӻû£ҵλû¡
ܳŵù˷˽ỹáϧʵ۽ն˵һ仰ҪվնԴ˷ԼҲס
ʶָô
ɹ룬˵ͷʵ¡
ţҸ˵ҩҩϣĸ꣬ٿ
Ըˡ
áɹڵ˵ͷ
ˣмҪȥһλС̫׷˵ɹƳҩҩһۣ˵ͷãϾ͵
ȥֺɹڳ˵̹ӦˣһһΧסҩҩ
߰ɣˡС̫һ֣ɹڸϽ󡣿һߣһ߾Լ˵ʲô
һֱȵվڴȻʵʱȻ뵽ҪֺҪֺš˿ֺ̣Ӻ룡

 38 

һ벻ϡ࣬÷ڵ̲, Ӻյˡӵһɲҩҩ
ѾϰÿγԷʱôһֻСèŮԼߡֻ, زҲԸԡ
ֻʱСһЩѿ֮ĲʳȰϼڲˡ
, ⣬ϡ̲, εı顣һͰ͵Сǰȴʧɫ
һ̲˷, ̵ֿζʱǻӺȴȻЦ, ҶԼ, 
ͷһ˲䣬ͷ򿪵, ǱװͰ͵㣬ߡ
ȻǱһ, ű㿪ʼסڵĿԡ
, ӺԼһ𡣹Ȼһ, һλĽСŮǰϹ˴ļ, ѹ˫´˶Щήҡ
Ҳǽ޵ӡ
ϤĲϤӡ
ҩҩ, ˽ɹһ顣Լö˶˵ģΪҪǣ
һնˡ
ݺݵһ¼ĵ棬϶ʱһӡ
ʲôأͷ
ҩҩ˳ȥŷǼŵľӺ롣ĵϣʯ, ˿㲻ңü
ҲѰһˡȻ˻ȻʱϢˡ
롣ҩҩ̲סһ䡣
Ӻ뱾Ѿȥһ仰񴺷һÿһҡʲô
䵭ȴѹסɤе˻ơ
£Ѿˣ˵ˣһͿԷȥأҩҩҲڱܻʲôװɵ¡ֻҪƽգԼˡ
ҩҩҲ벻Լװɵôһ졣һֱã˺ûĸıֻװɵܱסԼһ
ɾڽ磬ıͷʲôҪһʧȥˣʬʲôֱ
һ˲䣬Ӻͨװɵ¡ûлɹϾÿΣӭж⣬ػ
ǣЩɣЩ裬ļ򵥵־⡣ʲôװɵ뺦Լһĳ嶯
ЩӺʱ򣬲źȻͨġһֱΪԼĺãΪ̫УΪ̫İˡ
ʵϣЩΪԼҵĽڡ
Ӻ뵭˵֣۽롣ȻС죬֪װɵԺǰ㻶ϲ
֪ұΪ²ࡣӺ룬һˡҩҩӰʧھͷǰᵭ˵һ仰
Ӻ˵һ仰
Һãߵıûжס졣
Ӻظһ仰
ۿߡ
ȵɹںò׻˻ʵ۵ĻҴææϻشʱҩҩѽԼıֺӺ룬һǰδеĺڳɫ
ҪȥӺ˵
úúáɹ˵ͷʵѾּҪˣȻԺԥķ
ѴӺ뼸һ˽ɹڣ˶ĸ첲ĺϣѹɫʱ
ΪʲôҪҩҩؽӺʣ˫⡣
ɹڵ˫ְӺĸ첲ܵûʹȫԷЩŬһ˵Ҳ֪˸ġȻ޷ƫƫҪ̲ÿһմն
մն
Ӻĸ첲ʱжǱʲôʱܿʼɱ
ٺĽɹڴڴڴŴ¿һˣŵ˵ּ̫⣬ںս̫˼ǣ²׼ִֻ鷿
ֻ鷿Ӻ׹ǲԸùΪǺգա
ɹڿһۣҡͷεӸظȻҪʱ䡣ҪȻǲŲôء
̫Ӻժϵһݣ˿ϡһ̲˵
ɹ漴Ӧ˵룬㲻ΪǸϰɣžһֵǲǷˣһװɵŮ˰ˣ˵ΪȫԸΪ˿Ƕȥˣαһء
Ӻ룬˷³ɣͿԻع壬ҲӺˡʱӺҵһж޹أŮˡ
̫ԸҪչ˺Ӻһ
룬ҽˣ̫һǵĴ¿ñʲôҪ˵ˣʵ˵˰ɣղű½ҹȥΪִ̫˰ˡ˵ˣ̫ص˱ȻйҰѴ˰Ǹϣò죬ͱˡ
˵ʲôӺקס졣
ɹصǺˡ룬ǰͱʲôŮ˽ˡ̫ҡôˣڱǰðΣΪ̫·Ϊʲô㣬ΪһŮˣҪ˵Ŭڲô
ɹڡӺɿ֣ڿδ
롣ɹڵյ˵Ҫţʵ۲̫׶ӣȴ̫ӡеģǾѪΡ
Ӻıۡ߰ɡ
áɹڵ˵ͷһ뷨ȥ̫ǣҲֻȫˡ
šӺӦ¡ɹڵıӰʧڴſںӺ̤ҩҩıֺȥ
ҩҩӺһӰ䲻עҩҩηſڡ
롣ҩҩЦݡãԳȥǲǣȥɡ
ӺֻĪʲôʡͳ˻šҩҩ£һȥġ
Ҳ¡ҩҩϾϸֳЦ⣬ƴ磬ůֻƭ㣬һֱװɵ
ҪҪӺԼһζһĿݡ
չ˺ĸһĻˡҩҩηŬϸ׵ĸ첲ִӺϡ
Ӻգ
˵ˣҡӺһֻƳҩҩļ⣬ܵĪİ
ϴ֮㡣
ҩҩԼеĺ£ģΣȫһʧ룬Ҫ±ӣһ޸㡣Ǹöõˡ
öõˡĸһ⣬յúηٿȻ͸
òáǰŮ׷ʣü񣬹续
áӺӦ¡
֣ͷһᡣԣһǸ̲ˣͿͺˡȵŵʱҴȥϲ⡣
ҩҩںǵͷʮϵһЦá
һɡ
һۣ绨ЦӡԺӺ̤ˡȻĳҪϼػصС·ϵ̫
ʱѾڣȴ
ÿһһ仰ͷ𡣡öõˡ
±ӣһ޸㡣
òá
Ҳ¡
Ӻ벻ԼΪֱŷԼϲõŮļⱦ
ǳ̫Ĺ
ţպƼ̫̫֣ﷺ˵
˲߶ʮһѿڱ㻽ĸҽվҪΧ˻ʵۣȲˡ
̫ʱŵʧɫ
̫ҲŵֱߵĲյ                        
лҪ˵

 39 

룡̫üĽ˽ߵ̫һ, 漴̾㲻ҲΪҩҩ¶ɣΪ˾ȳҩҩ, Ҫǰ䣿
Ӻûпڣ۹ⴹڵ̺, ס
룬°ɡ̫ҲʰˤĲյ, ȻȰͷĴ½
Ӻ˿̫̲ס̾һ˵, ɴ, ǲСڵġ֪ҩҩ, ɰֺγأˣѾһˡ
Ϊҩҩ, һȥ˻ʵۣϧʵ̫, ðҵİ仰, ܲڹϸʵ۹ȥҪ֪, ֻҪٵһ, һգҵΧʹڴ֮ǰ, Ƕ
Ӻ̧𡣡ô˵̫Ҳͬ⣿
̫̫һۣҡҡͷǾһӣôϡ˵Ҳְң֪нյĻ, 㲻ðҩҩ㡣
鱾ģūҲҩҩûаϵӺȴʮּᶨ
Ȼ֪Ĳǣ˭Ҳı䲻ˡʵѾּҩҩʱʲô޼£ʵҲٱ䶯˰ΨһģǲҪݾߣúñȫԼ
Ӻ̫ɫã̫ߵһǰĿڵȻһӣɣΪ˰ڱ߾޼ɵĺպľ壬Ȼʷ峤Ϊְйĳӵϥ£
С˼˺硣ĸУҶΪϲϧ컯Ūˣƫƫ͵ʥּ취˻ʵ̳ۡеλΪ˱λȻʹ֣ɱɣӣ뾡ͷѸ֮ҲһһɱǰҶһã°Ҳһ
ʹ֣ȴҲû뷨ӱѪʱֻѾɻ飬ҹǱۡҹϽӳǱδ㡣룬Щ£ѵ㶼𣿡˵仰ʱ̫ȻͷӺ롣ǴӵˣȴǾ䡣
ĸӺס
㲻Զҵʱʱûһһһ䡣ңǿʮĻ㾡Ϊӭ˽һ룬ĻѪǺպľ˵ĺǺεȵĳ裡֮Իܻȥô꣬Ϊ˵ȴա
㣬Ǵϣ㣬ȴҪΪһҩҩǰ䣡룬Եô̫һ˦䣬ŭӯӯ
ůϣ̫ĸ첲СϣԵȻصҡͷڿ̾Σڷ̫Ļ
ӺĬá
õ̫ΪԼѾ˵
롣һοҩҩµġ
Ӻٴ̧ͷʢҫĹ⡣ĸ֪ҩҩϲ𣿡̫һû뵽Ȼ˵
̫һ˱һᡣӺ鷿ľԼΪȥһЩԼţŪһЩСʱ䡣
ʲôӺ벻һʡ
ĳ߸߾𡣡̫һĸһʱװɵΣ̫ⶼд۾ˣֿϿҡ
ĸ֪ҩҩж𣿡Ӻ뵽˺ܶ˲䡣ΪԼĵǸ˲䣬ΪԼĴϵĳ˲䣬ٵץԼֵ˲䡣
ǲϸϸֱû֣һµʱԼȻѾȫӦӡ
ĸûӺ뿴̫ᶨ粽ơ
˵Ҫҩҩôǵ˵һµĳŵҪԼš
̫൱ĵ۾ȥӺ롣û뵽鵽󣬾ȻǸҩҩĪصһ
Ҫ֪ʵ׮̫̫ĸ飬ӺȢˡʲôҩҩЩҲڲͻֵ˵Ļ
̫Ҳû뵽ӺóȰ˵ԼӺ룬Ӻһϡٿ̫һĿԼ
ˡ̫εҡҡͷ⵹һֻΪΣգҲδܳ¡룬㻹Ҫô
Ӻԥĵ˵ͷ
á̫ٴγ̾һо٣ǰҵıڣҰЩ㣬ȥֻȫĵطȥһоͺðˡ
Ϊβֱӽýӵ͵͵ҩҩ̫ʵ̫ʱҲ֪˽ɹ̫һ¡
û̫ͣӺѾڵΪĸǰѴ·ǰͷǴ˿˳ɹڵݣ»ݾߣŪ̽䡣װѾҲñܿʵ۶ĸĻɡ
û̫˵ͷ
лĸӺ뿴̫ᵭеζȴǲԶ
ϲҩҩһҲȥɣ˵˵һᣬ˻ѱȥ̫˰֣˿ôһЩ˵ģˡ
ã֪ˡ
һߵӺ֮ڣӺڵϣӺϪˣͿӺ壬ô״أҳ󲻿ѵ仰û˵ô
ѾŷˣǸūôΪʲôܸ״˵ˣ¶ڿĹ˽ƾʲôҪңӺӺϪǰȻûƽʱ湫ģһŷС
Ϳش佱ǿ佱Ǻ꺢ӵĶҪǿ佱ҪӦǱµá̳һ룬һԼ嶼ܳˣѵ¸ôˡ
֪֪շ˹ٳϵĴɣӺϪһߴһ˰Ѽҷ
һֱ׵İϼҷʱѡ˵ҲˣҲˣ㻹ô̳ҵĶӣҪһء
Ӻ̳ʮ־ѵ߹˼§ߣԼĸ
㡭ӺϪָŰıӣײҶôֻεĳ̾һ䡣ĸܶ
Ǳβ͵ĺ꣬ʱ¶ӺϪΪ˾䲻㣬ҺôǱ׷ĿءҼסˣ̳ûԼ·ϵİʯˡ
˵ˣһӺΣ㵱ڿһо̳ǵ¡ӣûд˭·㶼Ҫʯһ߿ƣӺ㷴֮ûУʲô
ӺϪԼĶͷûڡ֪ʲôǳնҩҩӺ붥ӺѾͷˡ
ʲôҩҩӺ׻ԭļƻӺ뱻ԼӦǸչҩҩˡ
ʱһ˳£谭
ǡַˣֱ춨ĳȫ
Ӻ̳Ҳû뵽ҩҩȻܳȫ˼ƻ֮һҩҩôᡭ
˵֮ǰڸһֱװɵҲʱ˵ģ˿̲һ
װɵӺ̳ǾﲻԾѲɣϱҲװɵģܰϱҲװɵͲôҵ³ˡ
ôΪԼˣȴɵأ
Ӻ̳ǺȻһ
ѲҲģһˣֲãһеһж˺Ľֲ͡Լ뾡취ҲûܰȢֲ֣ͲĶֲ֣ô͵ӺΡ
ԼǺͿ
ĸףҪȥ￴ҩҩӺ̳ͨһ֮Ȼ̧ͷ
ʵ۷ͬˣڹһССΣּұ䣬רѺշͳ͢ȡ
ˣʱҩҩڹ
ˣӺϪһ۵
û衣ұҪȥҩҩһۡƷĴ٣ƿҽҲҿҩҩֻһΣֻҪƽһΣҲˣӱ֤ʲôġ
ӺϪڣӺ̳קס˰½ǡ
ʲôģʵӺ̳ͷ
ϪƸ̳ǰɡԥ
ӺϪؼغϣӺ̳ǱɹİҪ̤ȥԺСѾ˴Ż
һӺ̳ǣСѾ߶ʱĹһ㡣̳ǹӣ˻ûãôأˣ˵ءڶǽǣҶ
ô㵨СӺ̳ͷδͣ½ŲСѾֻôҴææĸ󣬼˵ԺʲôԹ˵㡣׼ǸҺô˵´ȥˣҲ׼״˵µĴ¡
ԣӺ̳һЦǱˡһ뵽⣬Ժէ֣ϲȥԸҽҪҪš
⡭СѾһԥӺ̳ǵɫãϽͷӦ
ѾӺ̳ǵǰסӺ̳Ǵӳ϶һС˵·
빬СˣعҲϸ顣
ԵҲԥæʹ·һӺ̳ϡ
㲻ҴȥʲôӺ̳Ƶ
òףҲһЦ޷ǾŮ֮°ˡ
Ӻ̳ηҩҩ˵ͷ㻹˵ˣŮ֮¡
ǹ
η
ԲʱǵӺԭӷꡣ
Ǹ磬Ŀζ...еر𡣡·ֺŵʱ̲ס˵һ·Ļ٣Ҳ˵ǴӺʱ𣬽Ǹ硣
ôſŵı뿪Ӻǲװİһִֻļϡ
ԶʱƮ˶ӺϿ
ԣһǵġҪҩҩлл㡣ӺЦ˳䡣
ҩҩ֣ȻԼĴӺǣ⡭ҪһҩҩԺ޵
ԭΪԼ̺ôЩ죬ӺǶԼûʲô˼Ҳм⡣ȴû뵽վȻҩҩ
ƲһˣԶ
ʱηڵҩҩȻ̧ͷǰһ࣬һ÷ڵ̲ˡ
ȴⰵηеһ£Ͼ续
Ӻ̲סͶ˶ͷҩҩ£ˡ
Աߵڿҩҩһ˲䣬еĸܵԼΣաһòһ鶯Ůĸ˵ֵס
ԼΪӺǶԼʲôͼı˼˫ְӺǵĸ첲һͼܣһŴͱҪ
ϧӺ׼û죬һֵˡţ˫ֱסӽ˴
ˮЩ£ӺʮֵĿҩҩдţ㿴
ϧҩҩֻһְۣͷȥˡӺԼ˵Ļ
ҪǸ࣬㿴ͺˡϣҴȥ⡣
뵽仰ʱĴһĨЦ룬ǾúЦ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô֪һƭԼںԼģȴǻ᲻
ǰ޲ӺǡңϱӾˣȣ
߰ɣҲ뿴㡣ҩҩɲ֮ǰƻԼһ顣
Ӻǲϣǰȥ˵ҩҩһϱӶԲ㣬Ⱳ֮Ҫ㣬Ҫ¶ãҪϱӵпǷ
һֱΪΪּҲȢ㡣ֱ֮ҲҲΪּңΪԼҩҩ֪Ҳ֪һкܶޡ
һ㣬ٸһλᡣҩҩ㿴ϱҸʳķϣⱲѾǴĥ˵ķϣҽðΣķϣٸһλᣬòã
Ӻ߶߶˵ôһѣҩҩ̧ͷһžޱȵϸֳ⣬ۿ졣
ԭʲô֪ԭҲ
ӺǶپ͵ૻҩҩ
ҩҩһ䣬ҡͷ˵ϱӵĽʳΪּҽòŸҵġĥˣΪҽޡڽգðΣյĴԣ㡣
Ӻأܱǿɣм㣡ҩҩҪʵұǿ˶ٱֻΣĹͷܿһ˶жġ
ҩҩƳһ۽εԣ˵Ŀ湻ġ
ӺǼĲԣӲҩҩҲûãһŮˣֽùٳҸ㣬ƾӺĵλҪһӺ򵥲¡ģֻҪһղһұһղΪ
£ϱӶɵ£ⱲӾͳˣҩҩ۵дм
ƾҼı£ʮҲǱȲġ뿴䵭ȴȳˡӺǣôҼȣҩҩװɵԺ˵Ǹˬˡ
ս֮⣬һϮӰո̵еı˿ڹսǵǽϣһҩҩ˵
ҼĸʱվûסߵЦ⣬ü䡣
ӺȴΪĸֳˣ˫ǰץסҩҩ졣ҩҩ𾴾ƲԳԷơҸ㣬ҵŮˣһ㣬˭ı䡣
ҩҩ̧ȻһЦ
ӺǶʱ񣬿漴ŷ֣ЦݲǸԼǸԼġ
Ӻ룡
㣬ôˣӺ˶ʮ־̡㲻ǸƷ٣ôеǿӺ룬ǲǷˣ㻹Ͻߣ
ꡣӺǳЦ۵ȴ˲ŭ⡣֪ҵֶԣˡ
ӺҾ㣬ܰ⵹һΣܰ⵹ڶΡӺǲûʶĻŲԵð˵ûС
ꡣӺʳָ˴ߣۼһ˶ۡ
ӺŶɱľ
ӺӺ룡˱ʿ㣬ˣӺǿĿİ˵仰
ӺĿⶢ׼ǳ˵㣬ˣҵŮˣԼȡ


 40 

Ӻ̳ǵǽһ㡣Ӻ룬ıʿ
Ӻ뿴һЦ, ˵һӺ̳ǼĻıʿ, Щ˲ô
Ӻ̳˶ʱס㡭ôҡ仰û˵꣬ʶ, Ӻʲôҵġ
ҡڵĽ̽ҩҩԼôһҩҩ, һ뵽ԼϡοԼһԡ
Լԭļƻ, Ҫ̹ͨٵ, ȻüҩҩмƵ, ӺӾȻֱӴ˱ʿһһƵԼϣ
Ӻ̳̲ס, ӺͶϣ, ѹһƢС, Һôֶӡ˵
Ӻ벻, ҩҩ⿪ϵļͷ, ᡣ
ҩҩҡͷܶʺţȴҲ֪²˵ʱ, ǹԹվš
Ӻ뿴ӣ̲ס˵һԡ
ԱߣӺ̳ǵȴڼ壬Ҳġͳһ, Ҳðǣ빬Ҳ˭ǽıʿ֮޹ءԺиӹ͸ӦðӺǣȥϾﻹӺϡ
Ӻһۣ롣
˵仰һӰһ㲻֪ӺδһֵӺ̳ǵĲϣʱһ˹ȥ
ӡϥһ
ӺͷѸҩҩԵ·ſӰϵ⣬ǸѾͷߣһ·ǵºۼԻٱ
ǡ˺ԥ
ҩҩߡӺͷҩҩ̫η壬˿Ӻȴ̹ȻİԼ
áҩҩԥĵͷ
Ӻ̳Գɹķɢ˹ٱľ󲿷˱ȥ׷ҩҩӺɹ˳ڳǽһũׯš
һϮֲѣͷһɫľȴ˿Ҳڸǲסҩҩ֮ҡ
Ӻߡ
㲻˵ʲô𣿡ҩҩգźʯĴ۾˫ʵ
ʲôӺͷëķټĺ衣
¶ҩҩԥ˵ɫԥһ£Ͻ㲻˵ˣȸ㽲ҵĹ¡

Ӻһͷáҩҩȥһڣֻ˵ԼʵκɵֻΪԱװɵѡ
꣬ųĺһ㲻ƭɡ
ȷе
ҩҩҿǾأ
͡װȥȻЦɢãҲţƽİԼҲȫ˵һͨ
ҩҩ֪ԭ̫Ļֲãǰĳ֮λԭ顣
Ӻ̳Լһ֪һڡҪȻӺָ̳ʲôء
˵ҩҩҽվҪߡ˵һУӺһĿص
ҩҩͫȻս촽
ĺ£ȴǾοҲĸһ˳е˵ĸڹ
ҩҩŬ˵ͷǰ
ǰʱ򣬹Ҳƺʲô䶯ֻֻ֪б䣬ȴ֪Ǻ¡
һҩһ㣬ûаϢΨһ֪ģӺιӮңΪйΪȨ㳯Ұ
ҩҩֻⱲӵĹǰһ
ϸָӺָ⡣
Ӻգ
¡һѷõӰ
ҩҩʹ˻Դɴֶ֧֡У̫Σգ㲻ҾͲ׼ߡ
èҲǵֲסġ
Ӻؼغϣվǰãð׹¹չ㡣ģǸˡ
áҩҩ˵ͷȻ֪Ϊΰ׹£ȻصˣȻĵ
ҹӺúڻعҩҩһũׯ
ֱһ磬׹ǰһ˳ԾϢ
ӺҹܣԽ˳͢ļҪӺۣӺϪݶְѣ֪١
Űˡ˵ӣҲƴġ
Ϊҩҩмͬ飬ȴû뵽ǰλ˲Ե˵ͷ˵ţ˵ûܰˡ
׹±㲻˵ˡ
ڵʱͷȻһƬ֮һеȷҹһһŮͶޣ
׹ҩҩɵһ
ǰˡ
ʲŰ׹»˵ѣ֪٣ȴû뵽ԩ·խȻ
Ӻ̳ǵġҩҩü
ˣʮŹµļСѾ߶Ը㿴ǴӺߣǸǺã׹Ŵһۣ͵ʵ
ʮΪϡҩҩڴʱðաһ˰ũ룬ߡ
á׹»䣬⴫һ̶䣿ãҽȥ
˵Ż㱼ҩҩķˡ̳ǣ̳ǣˣ¡ˡ
ô졣׹һ˵ţһ߸Ͻƿ󴰡ôһƲŷ֣ͷһǽ
ˡ׹̾
̳ǡӦһ筺İ糾͵ĳ˽һƣ۾ʱͨ졣
ҩҩɷǣΪеӺ̳ԣȴû뵽ҩҩĴĸĿʱ׳ĸ첲ҩҩϸĲȥ
ҶأҶӣҶһ߳ţһͼֵ
׹Ҳûա˿̼ʱһǰͷ˫һѰƻſڡ
ūںţ͵żϡ
˿ߣ׹¸
ҩҩմũҸ˳ѣȹսϥסĿӡһԾ˴
׹³˷ĿյϽҩҩ
ͷǳǽȻߣȴ˴̵Ұ׷ںҩҩ˲ֻ̫࣬һԽǽ
ϣʱ˺ۡ
ڣǽҲס˰ˡһǼҶүùˣðգǱӴũׯСػعȥ
ˡ׹²סҩҩ
û¡ҩҩĶͷżκ飬۵ΪʹԵЩ԰ס׹´Լϳһвҩҩסϵ˿ڣѪ
ȥģ׹ʵˣҪָɡ
ɡָһйٱأǻȥѰ·ҩҩҡͷ
ãǾǱߡǱһطӵıԷ˵ûﰲȫٲ˱ǡ˼ס׹³¿ҵ
ǣͶ໥ţǱȥ
ϧ˱׷ҩҩҲûˡҧ˵
ҶѸΧסҩҩ׹£ѳǵĲϡ
˵̳ǵ䣬һһ߹ȥ˫סҩҩգС˶ʱ۵ù顣
˵˵ǰѵ
ҩҩԼ˵Ӻڳôѱȥ£ᾪӺĴơ˵ӺڳǽԶĵطһѰˣسǡ
뵽⣬װĵ˵˵̳ڳǽׯ
ҰҲţ˵һҲҵġ
ãͬȥǣҴߡȻ׷Źҩҩ
ס֡Ȼһת
˻ͷȥֻһɫͣĽǽнװΣȻŮá
ң֮󣬾һӱʿ
ϽΡǵȵıʿ߹԰֮ǳҩҩȭ˵

 41 

֮ϣŮƵڷɢ, ĵüţ, ɫǺĺ죬ɫ
ŮӲɨһ, ޵ȻмɫСȻǲһЩüûƵģСѾߺŵ
ô˵, ҩҩԺҵĺýˡŮӵ˰ֵȥɣ, ˵лҪ˵
ǡСѾߵ˵ͷ, ߵ׹˵˼仰, ׹±յҩҩߣһơ, ˡ
ҩҩĽëԶ˶, 漴һ˫ˮĴ۾׹¡һϵ˿, ̲סһ
׹æ, ˵, ˣЩ۰, ѾˡҲƹ˵ǲ̵ġ
ģҩҩɨһȦڶŮ裬ȻʲôӺ뱸õׯӡ
׹µƤԳ˳ԱߵСѾһ, ֻԼЬ棬ŴյҩҩĶߵ˵ǳ󽫾ĸۡǳС㡣
ҩҩȻǵǰ뾡ֶμ޸Ӻ룬Ű赽µĳ
֮ҹ׹Ϊҩҩʶѵ
׹ôһ˵ҩҩٿȻˡ֮ҹӺϪ˹Ӻ봫Ϣ˵ǸԶİŮ֪Ӻ󣬾ȻԾԶһȰ˵ǺȰԾ֮ˡǳСȴȻ߲ȦΪˮײ
쿴С㵹ǲûʲôԾ֮£෴˼Ȼúúõأܳ˳·Լ˿ӺҲûôС
ҼСȥ˵ءСѾָָͷԺӣ˵
׹̲סƳһۡûҼҷϻôʲôܽ˵ҪȥԺͷ˵أ
ҩҩס׹µ֡㡣˵ţŬĽ˫ȴſں㿴Ժʢ£һλŮǳɫȹڷ죬òԲ
ѩ׵滨ģƮ裬ʱ޼䡣
ҩҩỽһ䡣
ˣŮЦģ鶯мִСĹ
лҡҩҩǵԼЩͱˡ˵ԼҲδиýܱȱҪõöࡣ
ҪЦ˵ҽһ׮
ҩҩһ׵ӣЦˡ㻹֪ذɣع䣬̫Ѿ꣬ǵһ֪ģȱ߱ˡʵѾ̫µһ¡
ҩҩҪϲ˵ҵ˴أ֪֪̫ҵµʱҵͬ⣬ȰҵҵŴӦҪûңҵҲôĹ͡
ҩҩЩϲüͷܾóԼ£Ϊҫô򵥡Ȼһ̳üɫˡ
ҩҩ֪ҵ̫ʲôҵĻ¡ûҩҩش𣬳Ȳ˵˴𰸡̫˵ˣֻҪҵӦ׼Ҹˡҩҩ֪ˣҲ⣬ôãֻҪҴ߾ˡ
⣬ҩҩոӿĻϲʱɢ˽̫ǸˣҲǸŮˡһŮΪ˱ȻǺܻóȥֻӵĲ֮λˡ
ңҩҩԼǵǰĸԶȷβΪ֪Ĺ˴󹦣˺ΪӺʮصһԱͽô˵ȷ˵ٻ
ôҪ޸ˣ
һ뵽Ӻ߶ôһŮߴߴΧǰΧҩҩͿʼֹסܡ
̧ͷһϵĿԼΪʲôԼ̫ˣ˼ҳֻǸˣܶԼ̹־Լ
ѵԼ
ҩҩ㲻ҸɡίͰ͵߹סֵ˼Ҷ˵Ǹնҽ쿴֪ǣܴҩҩҵĶˣҲԸΪѰɡ
ҩҩԭó˵ⷬϼƹζˡǰǸĶĳϷݵԼƤӵˡ
Ҳòϣһкǲǻ˸ˣ¾ͻᱻɱˡ˵ղţԼҲǲΪô
ҩҩƿ֡
ҩҩ裬ʱۿ˵Ǹرˡ
ҩҩһܽ߰ɡ֮԰ӻΪ˲ôġţ϶ϣýһദ
ҩҩܺľܾԼСô꣬ûܾܾԼίȫƵ
ϧҩҩǸ⡣
ҺܸмңⲢܳΪҪЮҵĳ롣ҩҩһһ˵ø
Ȧˡҩҩôô˵
ҩҩʼ硣Ҿô˵ܲܽ㣬Ҷø㣬Ҳܽ㡣
㣬⻰ʲô˼ҧԼȦϵĺ÷һ
˼ҩҩΪĿҲã̫Ҳã˭˵һֻ֮Ҫ߶һŮˣҾͲܡ
ҩҩϱӳӺ̳ǵĿⱲŮ˽ӽԼˡ
˵ʵʵһֱӺһ϶úܺáƫԺЩСѾͷҲֻͷߣ鷿áΨһһȽϵΪԼ̱㱻򷢳ȥû
Ӻϵĺô̫࣬ൽΪԼزЩաֱԹ֮ŮԼߣƼΪӺĲˡ
ҩҩúܱŤ֪Ľ֣ɴδйι䡣
ҩҩôô˵ءѵ˵ʵױķ˵ģҲԲŸӲ֮λС˵
ҩҩ̲סǺһЦԼӺĻ̫ģҲ˵֮λ̫ġ̫縧ԶҲԼ
ԣưˡ
ҩҩм񣬳ȻԼе顣ǰŮôβأš
ҩҩǲǵһ۸ѽģһġҸĲһҵλҸ㣬һһõġ

С㣬ôȷܼ޸𣿡ҩҩ̲ס
ҩҩʲô˼ѵڻ̫𣿡źͨͨĴ۾˵ҩҩҲ׼̫
ûл̫˼ҩҩó̬ЩЦԼֲˣѲɻܳһô
ֻǾɡС㣬̫ӦΣǸˣǸоϵˣǻᱻҵġ׿ڴӦ㣬Ҿ㻹վ̸һ̸ıҪɼȻ̫˵ĻȰ㻹ǲҪĻ
Ҳš᲻Ȧ죬ѾỨͷתˡҩҩڼҡ
ҩҩѾٷϻȥˡ˵ʾͼʰɡ
ҩҩҸѾ빬ˣһ̸̫µġҩҩҲȥּ̫ˡһҪ֪ӺȢңýȢ죬ץתܿˡ
׹¼߿ǰ޵ǵ˵ˣҪǣİΣ
ҩҩҡͷû£Ͳǰӡôڹϸҹȥ
šģѾ֪ˡ׹˵
ҩҩ˵ͷ׹¼ȻӺţȻǵĴŷӡ
ҩҩڸԶסգڵӺϢΪӺ˽Լʱȴ˵һͻּ⡣
ҩҩʱһƬ԰ס
ҩҩû°ɣסʵɲ°Ҫ£һҪءҩҩһ£һȥּòã

 42 

ҩҩһ, һȥּ, òãֿ˻ϻװҩҩ, Դ˿ʮŤ
߰ɡҩҩȻʵʥּ⣬Ȼ, ٲҪּġ
صɿЦѽҩҩ̫ͨˡİ, һҪԹ, һᵱúÿġ
䣿ҩҩ˸ۡ
Խӿ˽Ų, ޲÷ɵſȥֲּҩҩ棬ֻҩҩĲ
òߵſ, Ҳ಻ס嵽ּС̫ǰ, Ц˵ôû
С̫һͷˮ, ˭̧ͷվŵĸԶЦһȰ, ϼƹζˡǳǧ
ڴ, ȴɿ˲Զվŵҩҩѽһ, ǧǷ˴򷢹ģǲٵϽЦӺæʵѲַֿ˵, йּ
С̫Ҳ֮ǰƫԺˣȻʶҩҩ
ԼϹϾ͸ˡһ⻰Ҳ׺ЦһЦߵҩҩߣ˵ôôϸģƽʱҲô
ҩҩֻǴּ̫񣬾֪ʥּǸԼйϵġƫƫ⡣
Ҳ𴩣ֻǵصƽʱöˡ
𰸲⡣ҩҩһǳԲ˵ᡣӺƽʱѹͲҩҩɣڹԼǰơ
Ȼҩҩеٺһ㣬Ǵյ˵ҩҩӺ´ٶ㲻ã͸ҡģ̫ΪҲҵġ
ҩҩεķסԼĶͷٴظǾ仰б¾ȼ޽˵ɡ
ƲƲ죬ҩҩֱǲײĲᡣ
ã̫㿪ʼʥּˡֱֱģڴϣ©˰֡
ҩҩ͵ȻˡӺģ֪ԲԼ
ˣǷһ⡣
ָּ̫ܲ...С̫˵֣ɫͱˡָôǸָйصģѲҩҩ£
ֻ˶ٴС
ָ֮ŮҩҩӺԵϣĿԹԶĲͬѹһ⣬ŷޣ
С̫ʥֹּĵݸҩҩ
ҩҩﲻһ˲㿴С̫¶һʥּһǣﵱ˵ףǲŲæʥּ
Աߵĳ˿ӣת˲Ͳ˵ҩҩôأΪȢңҲӦѽ
ҩҩûץſ˵˵ģһúֲġţҩҩϲʲôģĵĻģöĻǺþģ
ͷЩǵ˵ģԸԶҲûҲûָ
ҩҩƳһۡҲһȢ㰡
һ£漴ҡͷҩҩôôˣҾĺˡ
˵ţתͷһĵЦС̫ʹɻбʥּ
С̫æĵͷС
ͷáˣһͬĿҩҩϧҩҩҪʵڲ϶ɡ
ҩҩ˸ۣô
С̫һЦŴ¹ãվֱӣϸɤӿʼʥּҺʧ෽Ѱ٣Ѱء룬ߪλָ֮Ůҩҩ£ţشͻ
˶ˡ
ӦôͻԼôΪʲôҩҩ
˵ʥּʲô˼ӺҩҩȻȢҩҩ
أڴĿС̫࣬ŶĿĹʡ
С̫ȴˡ֪СǺˣūŻȥһת̫
ȥˣܵǰͷҪһ㡣˵ּأ̫ûû𣿡
С̫ʼ硣û
ܣץס졣Һú룬ú룡
ĸԶһţһߵ˳һۡԼǸŮôôûС
ܵĿ䵭ʶԼʧȥƽյᡣϽסǼףҲһʱ鼱
ԶŻЩļʾһжԼء
תͷС̫֪̫ɷСŮĻ£
С̫죬Ʒô˵ˣҲòͷЩˡ
̫˵Զʵ
С̫˳һۣҡͷۼҲǸūţ˽̫Ļˣūʱūһ仰ˡ
ʲôԶʵ
С̫಻ߵĶһۣ˵˵ŻǷһ⣬ⲻȥŵڷˣԺֻһţٲˡ
ֻһţٲˣ⻰˵ⱲֻȢҩҩһˣҲбŮ˽š
Ӻ벻ö˶˵ֻȻǶԳҵôѡ
ҩҩ;ЦˡȻǵ£
ͷҩҩƵЦݣȻԼǸЦ
ղж࿪ģھж
̫̫Ը׵ŵתȴ뵽ӺҩҩĻ
ٲˡ
ⲻǳ̫ĻôⲻͰԼĻһӴôҩҩ˵û̫ȷûá
뵽Լҩҩǰİٰҫ޲طȥʲô֮λԼ檵λֲֶš
ӺȻȵֻҩҩһ
Ȧۡȫǵ˶֪ԼӺ룬ȴҲڳЦԼ޸˼ң˼ȴϧҪԭսӵͻּ󣬺úõüһأȴû뵽ԼȻݺݵĴ
ѵҩҩӺôҪôţô󽫾ŮǧٹĳҴС㣬ѵȲûû̵ˣ
ڳȦתŲʥּ˼úء
ףС̫ԶԺֻʣԼˣŷᣬͰ͵ĿŸԶԶüһϧ𼱣׻̫ȡġ
ߺʱ̫ﵽô˵ģԸҩҩǰˣ̫Ļ֤Լ顣
ԶһԸˣ˿ͷ̫˵ġ
ףҪԭƳҩҩһۣΨ仰
ԶŬ˰Σڿڵ̫˵Ӻ˿ǲһ¡
ˡ̫ѹûгŵ׮£̫㶼ܴӦ
Զֵ̫òѾˡ˵ҲΪ͢ҲŴӦʵĻҲûʲô

ԼˡףҲô˵İ㲻˵ʮа˾ܳô
˸̣ȴҲԼĸסֻԼڻͷһҩҩԼǰҪˡ
ҩҩ𣬿һ뵽˼ҵݣȴֱ졣
ҩҩŵ۵ӣ޹ҧû뵽ᷢչԭôá
ҩҩ峺һЦǰá
ӡȻôãҾ˳ɡҲӺĲˣģԸΪ
ʹҲɰɡҩҩûаøУ˿̸ɴҲʲôˡ
ȴΪ裬Цм˵ҩҩҾķϣԺǳòãʵҲΪãҪȻԺ󴫳ȥ˵壬಻ѽ
仰ҩҩ˦˳֡
һֱ֪ǸƲ磬ȴû뵽евԼ˵˭˵
һ
ҩҩ˵ӽҾõˣƷ㸸ףҲİԳʲôʸвң
ҡûѽȦ˵Ρ
ҩҩ̲סЦԼֲˣԼǰģʲô
أ׹¶ȥˡôǸңҲҪЩ档
ı飬ͺ˲Ľżһλù˵⻰ʲô˼ףǶʲôɡ
ūûᣬūϣٿ޼أԺ󳤳롣
ԭ׹»ȽϵҩҩİΣҩҩˣС̫˲ſڣҲͲˣ˵Ҳеࡣ
ϾЩҩҩ˵˷飬ûɻ䡣
Ȼ仰˵꣬޶ҿˡɲ볤ʱ͸Ȳҩҩˡ
նлչˣӣҹȻ͹ġҩҩٸϻתȥʰԼѣҪߡ
ٵþҪƿ۰Ͱ͵Ŀҩҩʰȴ֪˵ʲôáϾҩҩΨһĵˡҪҩҩˣľͲܸӺ볶ϰϵˡ
ҩҩҪߣҾ㿴ҩҩĽŲŵһɲǣ˵
͡ҩҩ̲סˡ
У                        
лҪ˵һġŮˡ
ĶŮ䣬ĺŮ˳谮ĸ˽
ŮҸ˱Сѧ˺̫ĸŮѧʱϹĳѧسѧżǿܲãǰ鹤˫գҲǱܹɷ۰
õǶŮľ籾Ůٰѣʹӣ³
Ѿ˹Թ߾鱻ŮŰ׼ȴû뵽ϵͳȻŮĸǴߵģ
ôѸ
ϵͳһһΣһһһ֡Ҳߡ
һΣһ֡
һǸ΢Ů䡣

Үҽˣ
ŮôƲˣ

 43 

׹סҩҩ֡ˣλСֳ, ǿôã
ҩҩȻһЦ, ᲻ԼСء
˵꣬ҩҩȹʩʩȻ߳˷䡣
, վڰϣװѳӡϧ˰, ҲֻмСѾߴߴ˼ҩҩߵӰûˡ
ҩҩ, ҩҩڰֱ, ϧվûеӰѲǳ
˰֮, ʮйİѳСѾߵϡ һȺСѾ߳ŭ, ǵͨ졣
һߵҩҩ˿ָһô, Ҳָ֪ûǣ
Ӻ, ùܡԼ߻, Ҳû, ظðоӺ̳ǡ
˵Ҳ֪Ӻ뽫Ӻ̳ǲ, ûаϢſӺ֮˸ʲô³ء
ˣָˡԶĸָۡԶ˲Ѿˡȵҩҩ˽ӣŷָȻŽգȴûа֮˿, ָûʲôǣ
Ҳǣ˷ֻڹڽУĴ󳼶ڹȻм֪Щ飬ӺֶΣضǻ뷨Ǳս͵ġ˵Զô£ȴҲû⹬Ϣй¶ĸˡ
ֻǲ֪һֱ̫ڹĸΡ˵ⱲԼûӺ̳ĸҲ˲ҩҩȻʮֵ̫塣
뵽⣬ɵüӿ˽Ų
׹ǰͷţӵӦĿ죬̱㿪šɵȵһҩҩʱʱ񿴼ͻһ
ϣű㴫Զ
ȥͨˡ׹ɫƵԼҵķ˻ˣȴҪȥָ֮ͨ˼ֱǻˡ
ҩҩû룬ֻվſھš
ֱźϵҩҩ𣿡ҩҩü˵ȴԼȥǺε
ңšҩҩ䵭١ͲϲϣȻѾټװɵʲôٿıҪء
ϳһ£漴ҩҩĸ֪ԭװɵĸ㣬⺢ӵȷֿġֻݡҩҩ̫ͿˣôܴӴܳأô죿ҪҪĸŰɡ
ôһ˵Ա߶ʱ޿ɩɱɵҩҩӷҪѲӷҪģ
Ա̾һҲô˵̫Ѿ̫𣿡
⣬ҩҩ׹ˡϢȻ㶼ûָ֮ʲô֪ԼѾΪ˵£Ҳ֪
УԼȻǰӺ̳Ǵȵӷ̫ôΪһֱڹҲĬΪδ
ô˵ţǽˡҩҩԽ䵭
ϳ̾һҩҩҪⲮĸѴҲ𼱣Ҹջס¡ȵ̫Ȼġ˵ֳ꣬һ£ż˵Ҳ㼸λ˼
ҩҩȻһЦ
޿ҩҩѾ˵Ļһ˵Ҳ͸ŷ䳰ȷӺ񶼳ʲôˣɥžáӺѵҪּô
޳ȥŮóȥˮһ͵޿Ļ
ҩҩ˲һΪǶ˵
ҩҩһֱãټָλĸԼǲġȴû뵽ԭĳµʱҲǸ侮ʯˡ
̲ס̾һȻô˵Ҳˡҩҩ˵
䣬ںȻһϤˣˣ
С죿ҩҩԾӺʱ򣬾͸߹С죬ȥĸȡ֮СҲûٻӺ
ˣʡȥӺѰСˡ
ҳȥҳȥҪһ𡣡СȻ뼸λִϲ֪һʲôСͱסˡ
ţ޿˵һ䡣һٸ»ǻǡ
仰ȻǼλˡŴ֨ѽһ죬С챻˳ֽϣΨҩҩû
ˣСһҩҩȦʱˡҩҩΪиǰ̡ԽԽ֣ҩҩԼĵչˡ
ɣЩʶǰλŮٲɵ͸
û°ɷˣЩӿŻˡСҩҩֱۣȷȷʵûˣŷ
ҩҩʮ˵û£С죬Щίˡ
Сҡҡͷ뵽ҩҩĴæ˵ˣվ̫Σˣû׼Ѿ˴Ӻ֪ͨٸأǿ߰ɡ
ҩҩ΢΢һЦͷãߡ׹£ȥɡ
ˣ
Сɴ۾ҩҩοģʲô¶еġĸڹҪȥָЩôҼһġ
СĲ˽⣬ҩҩʮεġοҩҩ֮ǰˣһһƺ¶̹Ȼ
ȵҩҩߺָЩ˲Żصͷ𻰡
ʵôûЩס˵ͷɲôҲ֪﷢ʲôһͰеĳд󳼶ˣ¶û¡
ʲôҪ°ɡ˵дĹٱӿ˻ʹҲ֪ʲôҲ۵
Ҳ֪̫ܻ̫ܲﻹЩϸĿڡֱҩҩҪָ̫ôǷء
ҲΪּң޿˵Ǳտڲᣬ̫Ҳ֪
⻰ƺϵ»̧ͷ˿޿̽ʵ𣿡
޿֪ԼǹʹͷôãΪҩҩ£ﱾΣ˭ϣܸƲϵɩ˵ǲǣ
һһ
ǾͺáȻǿڷһ¾ͺðˡһתһ뵽Ӻ̲סٴζҩҩԹ֮ԡ
˵ҩҩҲǵģӺ䵽˾档
ɲء˵ӺΪ˸ɱС̣ŷűӺ˵µҲ˽ɣƫƫҪˡ˭ǸӺ̳ҲǸͿģȻҼǸɵѾͷȥ޿̲סˡ
ˣӺʧ˹ְӺ̳䲻ȥҶӡúõһӺңôɢˡֶŮϣչ˼ӣͱѾͷӡҩҩޣǲҪ
λû޿ôóȥûʲôۣԴ˿ҲûôԹʮͬ޿Ļ
ԭӺң˵ӺڵλϲּңһǮȱڹٳ϶ʵҲʮֿⲽ塣
ȴû뵽úõȫҩҩˡ
ټϵ֪һն¶͸ˡԼƤװôɵӣԼƫƫûǺεȵķ̡
ҩҩǺ˲ǳ̲ס˵
䣬ּҵλͷ˻ϴϲɫλ˸ϽվԸԼҷ
ôˣʲôˣǺ»ǻ£ʵϵĳʵ
ʵ³һǺ¡
λŶ
̫ȶ˵ǸӣҲǻǸӣһˡºһڲ裬˵
⵹Ǻ¡ϵͷָûʲôϵ
ʵһЦ˵ǲλ˭ҩҩǸӺ룡
ٺ٣ҪˡԣӺȻҪա
ǡʵüɫ衣̫һֱǣƻʵۣϧϥµĶӽԱʵ취˿áѰأ̫ϲߪΪƻȨ
ʵĻʵһλܣĴȨѱ̫ѳֻ֡Ϊ˲Ұ񶯣̫ѡ˱λʵۡ
ֻһ̳лλ֮ˣһǻʵ۵Ķˡ
ʲô޿˶˼ֱϣͣ½ŲӺҩҩ޿ֱ롣
ϵҲ׵Ϳʮһģҩҩʲôӷ̫ϲĻϱԼԼ춼ʲô
̫̫Ǻѣһƫ̫ߣʼղܻʵ۴ϾͲͬˣڣּһûпɽôʮֻϲ
ǡʵʮͬܵܵĻ̫Ϊҩҩѡź£ּҵд˿ɽŴӹʱ˵̫Ѿּ⣬˵ǷҩҩΪˡû뵽⺢ӻǸиġ
˷ˣҩҩջظһҪ򲻿ɵˡԺֻҪҩҩϵڣһּҵġʵ¶ϡ
ǰ̫ͼҲܿĸˡҪסҩҩ
ˣʵ¿ûзӦ̲סˣô˵
Żɫʮֻںޣһݵı顣
ɩǲҩҩʲôˣºشʵϵ˫棬ȻҡҲĵġ
ôˣʵץס졣
Ͽɥ޿ҩҩظˡǣΪӷͰˡ
ʲôҩҩʵϢ˶Ҫˡ𼱣ҩҩôԣһɩġϾɩҲΪǸӷôɩһҩҩӰɣߣҲһЩҶɡĻҩҩҲǵġ˵
ʵٴαϣĿԼķˡٴʹҡҡͷ
ʵʮץһֱΪǸˣȴû뵽ȻôͿҩҩôָˡĲĸôܲأʹӷҲһСôһ˶ܹٱȲˣҲǮأ
ʵµָ֡뵽ҩҩǸѾͷôиȻ޸̫ﶪʧĻҪ֪̫ﵱ谮ıǻӺȻǻĶӣָ̫γأ
̾һҡҡͷҩҩһ£ǡǣҲֻܼϣڴˡ
Ҳͷǰһˣܲ˵ʲô䳰ȷĻ϶Ӻǿ
⻰˵꣬뿴ϡ󣬴ɩû˵ʲôɣʵ
Ϻ޲Ҹطȥͨ죬죬ָΡΡָ޿
¶ʱӦžһصĴ޿ϡҾ֪Ƿ
޿۵һ޳Դ˵ҩҩһºľһֱššֺʹޣֺ۲ֱ˿̱һ⣬еҲѹס
ֲǹġ໵һе˭ԶˣԶӺ̳ˣڻûи䡣ǺãһԵݺˣͳˣ
סڡʵˤĲ豭
¸һļϡ㾿ҵˣּҵˡ
仰׵޿ȷһʱ鼱ˡôΪҶּҵء֪ˣԸҩҩǸ޿Ͻ
³̾һû뵽Լܵڳ˴ƴȴЩԺڵ֪˿Ӻ
ۡѡ˹ⲻԶԭǻۡǻȵҩҩסȥ֮ǼȥҩҩǸɡ
ϸϽͷӦȴܼˡһֱϲҩҩΪҩҩԭĳ谮ûҩҩһ̫ļϵˡ
òϣҩҩΪһӷʱʮֵĻϲΪζţҲˡԽգҩҩʱԥĴ
ΪҩҩҲˣȴû뵽ȻٴηΪˡ˿̵ϣӶҪˡһ뵽վҪҩҩǸֹסķꡣ

 44 

ɫտʱʱа׸ɹɫĹǽʱһ̵֦Ĵ, áһжֵ͡
̤, ЩǸŴɵС˶
ɫڹϷӿϲЦݡѾûпˡһ, Χ鷿Ƿ̽, Ǹӵİŵȵȡ
æ͵еûĸּ, ʽʽΪ, ȴȻЩû䡣
֪Ϊʲôȥ, û˶áһӵʥּķӦǷлǿġ
ˡһʰڶ, ֻ롣
ֱһɫȹǳǰһ΢紵Ůӳķɸ˵ʽ, ԭ鶯֮, ƽĵķ顣
ü, Цӣ
ҩҩ˵ڹҹûЦģ˺ȻЦˡ
ȥĶҩҩɽ, ŶеΪء
һ䣬Щˡ
ġ, ֻСè˿ƮıǼ⣬øİġ
治ҪңҲҳ˵ǰɫ֯ӳ
ǻǲԵĺáȴֽ
Ҳɡ, ССָġ
ᰴסͷϿЦ⡣ڻһᣬžĽƾɢȥ
ûطȥˡȻһƲ˵Ӻɢˣֲָҽš
õһƽյı˪˵ſһ֪ƲƵۡ
һҪȥҩҩųЦ⣬˴һҵȥĸС
ԵͷĸĸΣһֱסڹĩˣֲһ䡣ĸʱ߶㡣
ţҪϽȥҩҩס־̫Ĺߡ󶼸ŽȴǶԶԶ
˵̲סںͷۡλǴ˵еˣҲ̫˰ɣֲ˶ԹЩ￴һۡǣ˵ûУﻹ˸ˣ˽ֱߺȥˡ
Ҳǵģվںӱϰʩ裬ҶһȻҲΪǸ̿ͣһȥҲǻá
ͷһ߾̾ҩҩòһźЩ˼
ҩҩ˿Ѿϵ̫Ĺ̫ҲǸոմ꣬˿˰ҩҩû뵽ҩҩԼˡ
һԻ֮ɫ̫˿Цúϲ£졣ôһˡãǽü硣
ҩҩ̫鲽ߵλ˵ԣһĸ֣һ߻ػĸˣɫԽĺá
λ˵ҩҩװɵһ£λֻöӸۣûаֵ˼
ر̫˿̸˵ضҪ޳ˡҩҩԣҩҩԡû£ĸͷˡ
ҩҩҲһֱŶλĸҩҩ˵ĻЩӣֻҪȵʱ򣬾һλ˻
ϧ˲࣬Ҳֻλˡ
˺ˣһжȥˣһжˡֵ̫ԺӾͺùˡչ˺ġ
ǣҲ÷ġ̫̫̫˵ͷķģǸúӡ
ˣվˣһŰɡ̫Ц
ڹһƬ֮ʣڳҵӺ̳ǡӺ̳Ǳ˴ߵġһг䶨ȻҲٹǱⶪ˳ǽɽ
룬ƶᣬȻҵӺ̳ǡԣ˿ѻ츮ǸͺͺȹǱڵϣټӺ̳ߵһѣӺ̳Ϊλܻ
Ȼһֱڳϵ⡣
ǰ˿ҲЩģ֮ĵ״ɶġǺ˼ɵİӺ̳Ǳ˻졣
ĸסӺ̳ǽץŰ֣ǵĺͯץסһݡӺ£Ӻ¡
Ƕ£¡ˣءģһжġһοһȴѾ¶ģһҪΪԼĶӱ
һУǰǸҩҩ͡Ҫҩҩӱ
ףģǻؼңòãһӺ̳Ǵ˿̸һĹ¶
̾һǶӺƣˡΣˡǲܻӺŹġ
ǣȥģ
һУԵʬȻҪ︮ˡǱӺ˻ǱӺֶĴѵǲ뱨ô
ȵϵǰݻҩҩʱҩҩѾס벢δ°ʲô£ּҲ޷ס֮ڰˡ
ϵ˴˾ȣ͹˴ˮ㵽ǰ
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⻰˵̵꣬һۡǲкǰ⻰Ҫ˵һ飬͸ҹ︮ȥ
޿ŵһ顣˵ǹָ︮ĵĺ¡
Ҳ˵ȴҲ̾˭뵽ǵӶһӷнյ컯ҪҲֻܹä
ˣ˵ɡϲͷ
ȵһз˶ߵſڣ֪ҩҩûڴ˴ǣֻһС죬ⱦվſڣѹЩ˶ѷɫ١
ҵȵȰɣءСһ仰ŤͷˣһӶûǡ
СĻ˵ӶԼġǰѷſڲ׼ظʱ͸뵽нա˲ţ£ǿҲͷ
ϴͷǣȴ𵱳Ѿͷظʱ˵ʵ֪ҩҩ֮󣬾Ѿͷ϶ƲԶԶġϧ̫µģҺҩҩС죬һ
µ£ȴԼ̫ɵѾͷٻһשֻ۰Ͱ͵ĵš
յֱ̲סһ޵λã˲ųסˡϿСѾߣ˵֪ںδ
СѾߴ裬ˮÿϴСûѵصѾߣûеˡ
СѾ߲棬̬ʮǫ͵˵ˣǰտɹӣȴҲ븮Ű벽շȣˬޱȣľȫǷסӣǲЦ
СѾߵⷬ˵꣬ϵʱߵͨ졣ǰǰҩҩվôãԼҲû˽ôԼ˿̲Ƭ̣Ѿûġ
ͷٴߴ١
ֱʱ󣬺ԺһСѾ߾Żŵ˳ˡ
ϵʱһ

 45 

ϼ˲Ƭ̳ɣȾ˳СѾָķȥСѾȴǸϽȥͷͨ籨š
ɵȵ˺Ժ, ŷ˼ҩҩö˶˵ϡһɫ, ͨ͸İ񣬶, й⻪ת
ҩҩû¾ͺ, ĸŻˡСѾ˵ˣˡüʮֳϿҵ
ҩҩֱߵ, ˵СѾ첻, ǲĸˡ˵, ˳ˡ
ˣһ޿ȥ, ȴǰζûɫɵñѿ, ʲô°ɣ
һ, ҡҡͷȻһЩ, ٻΪص, Ҳ᷸ʲô
ٿſɢյˡһʱҲط, 鼱֮ˤյ
ҩҩСҪżëˡ
뵽̲סڵҩҩǴĸ˵, ҲôĺˣôҲҪѧ嶱ˡǵôõ¾Ͳ˵ˣǾ˵˵ĸ¡ʹ˻ˤʲôҲҪ£ǱϾĳ
ҩҩһ
ϼ˵ҩҩ֪СҲûסôõĵط԰ⶫýҲġҩҩĸȰһ䣬ˣָһЩҲûʲôġ
˼˵Ҳ²³ʼĩϽ͵ǰҩҩЩ֮ˣ˭ֻأֻ´ҶڼЦء
⣬ҩҩ̲סҡҡͷλĸǾãСˣ
ǿɲôϵͷҩҩĸ˵дĻܳΪҲдĸһݹͰɡڴĸķϣͿĸɡ
ǡٲãǰˤĶռˡ˶ҩҩҲʮֲǵ˸ôдô
ҩҩ̲סЦΪյô
ǻʲô¡ϲͷ
ҩҩָָſڣ˵ųϣϾӻһڴ˵ǸҵһʱǴﾹһߣֱӳҷˤյƬۣһʱ治÷ֱҧϵĸ첲
Ƿ˸ã˰յû뵽;ˡСظȻЩ¡
Щ˵꣬ϲ֪ͱ˶¨ӡԼŻ˵ʲôˤյ֮ĻҲһ
ңû뵽ĵӾ󡣡ϾԼŵĻǴͨ졣
ҲǽͰͣû˵׻
˭뵽Ͻӡ
أҩҩĸһҪϺܿ췴Ӧ˼ѪһѰϡⶪôˣȫǱϺá
ˣһ·ҾĹҲԾһΪǸû뵽û뵽İǡ
ˡҩҩһȣͷྲ
ҩҩһֺõĿ
ˣȻȥɡϵ˭⣬˭֡ҩҩ˰֡׸֮ˣûʲô˵ġ
⡭ҩҩϻʳ䣬˼Ϳ͡˳˳ϣȰɩ߰ɡҵĳ£ҩҩûѾǲˡǸˣ˼һǿ˵˵
ʶԴΣա
ϽŻŵĵ˵ͷҩҩϵһҾͲˡ
˵꣬Ͻżλˡ
һæԱҩҩٴüЩǷ˶ûʣҲѵá
Ŷ˵ʵġС˵
ˣ
Сҡҡͷ
ϸϸ۲ңǷˣ
Сٴҡҡͷ
ⲻ͵ˣװǻ˭ᡣЩˣһҲ뿴ҩҩ˻ķ֣ۺ
áСԥĵ˵ͷ˵龰ˡҪǷһֱڰбû׼ˡ
ǰ±Ҫúò顣ͷôˣ
ǷӦ죬ҧ֮ҩҽݵˣӦҽΡһȥ󣬵ȵ˽ͰͽٸС˵
ҲغúΣֻҪѹ˵־ˡҩҩ˵ڳˣĵˣһζĿݵݣ˻ǸӲ֮⣬ѹû洦
֪ˣҩҩʵ
ס
䣬ͷ˽Ųûȼ˽ţѾһƵ˻ҩҩ
û¡ҩҩӭ˫
һѽ§˻Ҿ˵Ҳߡ
û¡ƻأʲôҩҩЦ˵
︾ڣ밴סҩҩļŭĿС졣
ڣܿ˽֮ǰһңұߣ취Ա
˵Щºϱ㳹߶ΪԹңϻӲڣ촽ϣ״ʮˡ
Ȼʬɴ˰ʬͽҡ˵˵ŵƨ׷׿ͷ
ӣ߶ԼǿǴϿġ룬ߣҲѲСƵǫᣬȻһɱ֡
۷һɨƱ̵ͷܣˡ
ס뵽ˣ
ǣֶΣǮӺҵˡƴ
Ȼ֪͸֪ȥ졣
ǡԶ
õ˴˿̲֪ո֡
̫ųľ£ҩҩٲϲȴҲҪЦӭš
֪㲻ϲɰҲûӣԶǹ񰧼õܲʱ˼ҵġѾͷίһЩסһӡʱ֪⣬ּãȻʹùˡ
ųȥµĹ̫ҩҩֵ
̫Ȼ޷ȴֻܵ˵ͷӦãҩҩԸΪĸǽѡֻǣûûס⣬Ǵȥ
ǵҲ¡ĸҽβҵѾͷҽѧͷڣ˭Ҳʲô
ҩҩεĵ˵ͷ̫ﰲŵ飬ǲܾ˼ˡ̫Ҳ֪Լòص˸ĺҩҩ
һ̲Ʒóѹ׵
̫ҩҩáҲ̫ĻĸիءЦ˵
̫һȴҲֻǺǺһЦûҪЩָһǰ˼
ȳիԣûˡҩҩ˵Կ̫³ȴһ㣬סĵһס
Ȼû뵽ҩҩô⣬ʱЩ²̨
һ޹Ŀ̫󣬿ϧ̫װûŤͷ
ҲãҪȻһҪҩҩ⺢۸̫ʱҲˣҪȻȥˡѽҩҩϲ㣬סɣҲðҽʦ֡
ǡʱϲüҡֻҪͲʲô֮Ķˡ
̫˴񡣡л̫л̫
ҩҩŹԹɰװ׾̲סƲһƲ졣ȻǰԼˡ                        
лҪ˵ֻ̫£¾ߡ

 46 

ҽĸΣҩҩ̤Ժ, ҽɹҩݡ
ҽȻһ, ӹȴǼΪӲʣֱ, 塣˿̿ҩҩ΢΢˵ͷ̫ʱ̫, Ҫڡ޴󰭣궼пܵġ
⻰, ҩҩɵüЦģ̫ˣҽ, ĸܺ, һл㡣
ˡôõŮ, ̫ȻҪú壬帣ǡҽһѺӵ
˭ҩҩȻڴЦ
Ŷ, ҵĹͽͽ˵, ̫̫µ, ûŹֿ, ˵˵, ѧѧĹͽ
ҩҩʱ˸ۡĸû㣿Լÿ춼ҪΣÿδһʱֹʱĸúðЪⲻġû뵽ֿӶŹ
ںҽҩҩֻ˵ҽϧ˵۹һ㡣
ҩҩҲͽܵҽϻ, ̫ķ䡣һţƼֱ̫˯Աߵĳȴĸӵݡ
ÿһҪЦһȻ̫һ顣
ǳⲻ̫˯һ
ҩҩǰ㳶Ļӣһڵϡĸԭ˯߲ãʱ˯ʱȴҪʲôƻӲô
ҩҩϣȦȻˡҩҩ˵ʲôأ̫һûȤŹġҩҩǲǼѽ

ҩҩֱ
ҩҩ̫Żûɵģ˿һҩҩʱ١
ĸҩҩ̫ɱ֡ǲˣʵ
̫ε̾һǳҩҩڵʱȻҲԸŮǡ
ʱ밲ʱҲ̫˵
ҩҩʱΪ˼룬Ϊֺ˼ҡ
һ޹ĿˡǰҲͨʱΪĸʱ˯ġҩҩϴβǸ˵ˣҲҪһҵĸϧĸ͹ˣֻܺú̺̫ϾҲҵİĸˡ
ҩҩóȵԼĵߡ
ԼνŪĸʹ죬ҩҩЩܲˡǲǾãһ취ûУ
ҩҩʲô˼ǲǺýôҩҩҲ㳳ܣϣʲô¶ƽ͵Ľʡġᡣ
ǡҩҩЦҼǵó˵һλĵĸԸء
ЩҶͷţسﲻԸȻĸǺϸóػԸС죬Ըȥֻأ׼аǶ
㡭ˡ׼ǣԼܳȥô÷ζҪըˣƫƫܷ
ǷˣǶԷ
Ա㲻ԣԭҲϲصġ˵
ҩҩЦС˵ǳСһٷûͳҪء
УȻԸװװס
ȥ룬˵˵£ҴӦˡҩҩ˰ֵ
ʶòãѿʵʲô£
ҩҩһƽҲûʲô£˵ˣۿžҪˣǽȴûϴأҪһȥԡ
Ҳ˵
ҩҩҡҡͷУŸĸôò㾡ТأɣչĸҸҲȥ˶ãˡ
£ɴ۾ҽһҲסһ£Ҳ˵ԼҲסһ¡һԼдʱ䶼Ӻ룬ǻסʲô
ڵĸоͺԼһŻ𣬽ҩҩһˮðǶûʣ
ҩҩȻǺöԸġ  
ǣҲáģһչ˺ĸġе
˲̫ᴫʲôʱˣԼ˵ɡҩҩ
Լ룿ֱᡣ븮ˣѹӰûƼҲ֪ôôɣÿԼ˵ģҴҸϹȥʱ˼Ҹպñ߿ˡ
գץӰƵģǿˡ
ҩҩɣߵʱȥǣ𣿡ӵϼ𻰱ӣʮ۵ıڻͺҩҩǸʮĴˡ
ãȥȥҩҩԼҲôһأҪȻǲĵġ
ģʱǹ⡣
ģϽȥ׼׼ɡҩҩ˰֡
æˣŻϲ
ҩҩôȥأ̫̾һɵӣѵʲô˼ô
ĸģŮôѵһСѾͷƬӡҩҩС̫ȵ
ǸСѾͷƬӣ˵˼ء̫ıӵ˵̫е׻ǷĲ١
˵Ͼ̫͹ģҲ̫˼ίܡ̫
ίҩҩ⡣صĻԼ˵ģȥҲͰźõģпίأ
ȷô̫һЦ
ȵҩҩŵʱѾˡһգҩҩһɫװӢ˲ˬޱȡվһһսɳĽһ㡣
յͬһ˵·ӡһϮɫȹëĨһǳ죬ûȿڣһˮ룬ҩҩһ·˳硣ȻΪչĸҵ
뿴
ֽ룬㲻ʡĲȥԡ

á˵ͷ
޹Ĵ۾һš
˵Ҫĸа㲻ףȫ
룬ҺôҲǸԶŮ̲סԼĸס
΢΢⡣㲻Ժҽӵô
µ˵ǼԼԽ֮ŮݶǾͲܼˡԺҽӵݣǾͱҪչ̫
󣬳еίĵ˵ͷ
ҩҩ߰ɡһֱҩҩƿʵһЦҩҩ˵ͷһЦˣòã
ǵø˵
뿴һ۳ޱ飬תͷҩҩᡣ
ã
Ȧٴκˡ
ҩҩ˦˳Ԫ®ɽԡԪ®ɽһλүķأΪүУ㱻ʵ˻ȥר֮˴Զá
ҩҩסɽµȪԱߣɫˣ
ˣ˭ôô죿ôô󣿡СָָһιС˵
ҩҩüС죬һҾﲻԾ

 47 

δգ΢лʣЩˬ̵Ĳݳͷ, Ũ֡Ӻ°, ޶
ԶҩҩΪ׵ŮڲݳĴششɡ, ǰŸʽĵˮЩŮڴ˵ķ˻СŮ඼ӵ
Ȼ, ҲһЩ⣬綨ǻʵ, һ, Ű衣ǰΪԶ, ԲδϹ䣬Ҳ֪ĺûǿһˡ
˼Ҳ˵λɵôҲǰԼĺѺؽ˵һϮɫװ, üĿԵʮӺݻ
ؽû, ˶ĸ֦, Ȼӵѡ˵װġ
װģ
ǡ˵Ϊû˴, ¼˺۸, һֱװɵؽ˸˵
͡˿ҲǸĻŮˡ˵ָסҲǵ, ôͿˡ
˵ԭӺҵ̳ǹӣ֪ʹʲôֶΣͱ˵ķˡŮ˿Щء
бôܱȵùô
ǵܡǽ֦Ҷ, ֶʸ֦ȡؽе
ʱЦ⡣һ÷ӣɫ֭ҺԴӺ촽ؽİ˲
ÿ춼űø߸ϵͻɰԸ񡣶ˡԼһֶλҩҩҲˡˣԽҩҩԽò˳ۡ
۶Ů˻ʼңʼҵô
ڣסˡ˵δΪڼҴȤģ
⻰˵꣬˵ĿȻ۽ҩҩϡﶼ˻ĻҩζرҩҩĻش
仰Ǽ򵥵һ⡣ǴΪҩҩȤ޵ģǲѳôΪŮˣǻҵŮˣѳǴ
ҩҩǻش𲻺ãÿɾһ
˶ڴҩҩ֣ɫ
ǰĿȫ۽ҩҩϣһ뿴²̨ѴˣֻҪҩҩ粵䣬ٸһԴǸñӡ
˵ĿУҩҩҡ
һ˫ĿɨˡҲ֪ΪΣһͶʶıܹߡĪãҩҩҲǸϿɲǺ¡
̧ͷҩҩЦ򶨰ǡ

ʲôǣס漴Ӧ˼ѹͲԼ˵ѹͲмԼ
˼Ҵ󷽷ĳˡ촺ԣӷͬΪڼҴȤ
Ȼʶ˼ѹԼʲôñӣѹʲô˼ҼȻͲۣʡ
ʲô˵ĵ
Լĸ˼ҶΣѵ˼ҵ֮λҡҡ׹ôģ˶֪˸ƶһپ١
ʧѪɫʶԼʵ˼ôԣԼʳ仰Ҳȡˡ
ԼһҩҩǺסò֪οڻؽɣʱǻΪһȤҪ˲ƣѵ㲻֪ô
ҩҩǲ˵Ĵɫ
Ƕ˿̰̾һƾҩҩŵĻشףλ˲ǺöԸؽһأҪưͿˡ
Ȼҩҩ̧ʱһ󣬺ϸ֪λ˭뿤˵Ϊη˵ҲԣĪݸҺͿ
򵥵һ仰ؽЩɫӲ˵ĿⶼͶֻңǺŮ
˭ҩҩɲʶ
ңҵ򱱽ؽÿԼĳҪ졣Ŀ֮ˣǺ޲Ҹطȥ
Ŷҩҩ˵ˡ
˿ؽȴҲˡһݵ΢ҪҪǵԼݡ˼뿤˵ֵõһŮˣ
ﲻɵöԺؽЩƲ
ҲաȻˣҺôҪһ𡣡ҩҩе㷢ĺؽÿ괺ԣҪԳԻջҰҪʱʹʹ̺ˡ
Ȼ֪ΪλҪ˴˴ԣһλ˺
ҩҩ̾һٽգǮȱνƲӵʱʱΪټһҪգҪЩΪıһЩӯǮ֮ȱҲ˵ˣòСǿȥûǹܼҵӣʵϽȴǰյĿڴ
ҩҩһ˵̻Ȼ
ԭˣԭˡֲðһټҴ֮£ʮֻϲûһ˵ټ޶ȡ
ǰǰҲˣ·ϻвʹӳǰأԭԵʡ
ֲˣ˼ĻգհԶ
׷ţҩҩ񶼱岻ѡĺؽͶѱ֮Ժ
ЩڶĶԵЩ˵ʲôҩҩհԶǲ˵ԼôЩڿҩҩڱŷ̭Լ
ؽƤЦⲻЦǸ˵꣬һҲ֪ܲáԹλõģûмŰɣŷӦͿˡ
û뵽Ȼһߡ
ҩҩûȸ½뵽ԳͷѾֵķ̹һںڵ̬ľգ̼佫εȾīɫ
ˣŻˣŻˡŻöׯŵķҳһţ̨ȥ
ҩҩڵȴȥͶأƣҲǼƻ֮ڵģ
һӰ˷ġ
ҩҩŵ˵ͷǵɿһЩڷĪš־ǼԶмɰղ෴Ƿɢܴ·żҵӣΣա
˷żʶҩҩԣ˿̶Ҳ˲١˵ȻϸϸһȦ
˵ûɰôԲյġ
ûû˵Ļܡ
ǰ๫ء
๫Ҳǡ
ڷԼɷ
ҩҩͷΪҲ𴦣ֻҪǾ𴦲Զӳ졣УԱ߾ǰӣˮ㹻֮ãҷľͺá
ڷ˵ɫҩҩĻԽԽáûӦţټȻ˴ĵԣȻͻú׼
ʱ˵Ȼһ˵Ц˼һ
ȻѻҲţ

 48 

˳ķȥֻһλϽɫȹ, ͷνβҡ, β촽, ԰衣
ؽͷһӦ
ҲˣһƲȻͬΪȴͼ, ָԼķͬһ֡
ҲҪЩ, Ͼǻʵ۵, ԼҲֻʣһյͷˡ
ɽղͬ, յİѹѶˣڶʻ, û
ɫЩѿĪǽַʲôԼ֪, תͷʺؽӺͶˣ
ؽҡҡͷ֮ǰµʱ, ǰȥ, ӺҵĳӾȻˡݴ, ʵҲͲӺҼƽϴ£ֻӺҵĳӺͰѲ֪, Ҳ
˵꣬ؽֳ˳䡣Ǳˮˣ֪ӳУִĵĻֵֹܾġ
ӵҲǡ
ڶ۵ʱ, Ѿѡҩҩһ£Ͻȹڵϡ
ҩҩҶ֮ʣǲǸˣָ׵ûܹݵӣָ׶Щˡ
˵ʱˢˢҩҩϿȥ
ҩҩŲæ̧ﲢûаԤǰţΪ򶨣Щ첻ζ
˵ûҩҩͷ
ӲˣסʵҩҩͲôѱûܾȵ㣡
ҩҩɫʮֵȻһжʲôµġ
ǡЦһС㡣ãȻ˵һжҾͺú㿴ʲô
˵仰֡УһмҶΧסˡ
ƲƲ죬̲ס˵ǲǵ͹ǻҵıʿˣҪǵıʿθô
Ƴһۣ̲סЦЦƺڰ޳žͳ䡣
̲סʹ˸еԼͷ
ڰ֡෴ƺ⡣
һ˦ˮ䣬硣һϽɫԵø߻١
ˣϻ
̶̵֣ڳ֮˵ɫˡʲôֻȴδΪлߣɺ
˭Ҳû뵽⻢Ȼ˰
ֲ˼е
һصɫ׻ҳźؽŵ˼
һöССֻÿһѪͨﲻ١ηĸойŮԼĸоʵ̫̩
ûгȨζˡ
̳˵û⺢ӹȻѡ֮ءŻߺЦŵ
Ū֡̽˵
һЦ۽ǵļ˿ϸȴ¶͡㲻ҡģڵûʱڻʵǰ˵仰ҽղƽϵġ
ʱһ⻢̫ˣֱı治֪˵ģȻôҪĶס
ɵٴΰĿⶢҩҩϡҪʲôԣҲнһⰲƺҲҩҩгġԼɽۻͳˡ
һʯͷ䶨
ڷȴ㷲Ŀˡǿûûжôõĸ
ѱִҶ̳ǵ커ӣ˻ǽ׷ңվҵҶ̳ǻἴ̼ȥ֮оǵķʿڵ
ݳڷ˭֪˵Ǽٻ˼Żô˵ô˵
վȥվȥǵķء
԰԰ƣ˶ɵˣ۾ֱˡ
ɲô˶ˣǻʲôáץˣǵķ
мλţ˼ʱû˻һڴĿҩҩ
ҩҩƼڷ˵Ļţ쿪ڵǷģҵеλ˺𡣡
ڰοǰɣͷһվӵǱߵķ˺
ҩҩĻϲ⣬Ҳǲٽ͡ţ˫ȫ֮ˣȻᱻһССĻס
ˣƿɲˡ˵ָ׵
ڷ˲ۣ˴˿˿׻ǾȷսʤһС
ǣվ˰
ֻС˱ҩҩŵ򶯣г·
Ȼðʮ⡣ˣ⻢һõıӪɱʿˡ
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ҩҩúúÿšһУ롣̳᲻ԿȴáҩҩСݺ˵
ôôҩҩ̧
ȻҪ㣬ӺҺһͿأƽƻ⡣Ҫ㹴̳ǣôͿȥĵزƽƽĻˣȴͷԾ˿ͷˣ߸ϣ˾أӷ˺Ϊ˲óԵĶ˺ҩҩҺ㣬̳Ҳ޼㡣
˲óԵĶҩҩʮ
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ͨһ㣬ûʲôѶˡ
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ţ̱Լ뷨ˣҡͷģҩҩˡҲãӺҲãֵˡ
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ҩҩ֪˰ɣ֪˰ɣӽ쿪ʼλþҶ̳ǵˡ㣬һЩܺҿģû׼һῼ̳СҵʹѾͷ
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ǣ˻ȥ׼Ϸ
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û°ɣſŻˡ
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ֱ˷
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ҡͷңȻ¡
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ˣҲˡ
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һ漴ԥ
е㶯ˡǿǻ˻ϵȨ»ʵҲҪĿֻ֡ǣֻԼʹ⻢ܱסܾĵƺֹôһʿ
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Ҳû뵽ȱ죬ﰵ֮ܡ
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ڱʿڣ
վϣӺ̳ǵʬ壬ȹƮԵߴơ
ҩҩҪ֮أ
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㶵Ŀϣࡣ⣬ǻô
벻Ȩߣƾѿسӡ
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ôûߣ



ͷ룬ɫȻԼô⣿
ҩҩҡͷû취, ĸŵ, ˵ǲòԶӡüͷһſݳϹű˪
, Ǳأ
ҩҩͲ˵
ͷЦʵͲܵһ㣿
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, ĸҲס߰ɡӡ
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Ҳǡ, ֻһ뵽ͷǸȸЩꡣȴ, ǰСѾӦˣЦгԼĸ첲˵, ҵһ, òã
ŮŴö, ƫƫ˵Ҫѧŵһ㡣ĺӺ, ˿ҲԼеǿˡ
ԳҩҩȻı, Լǵ͹
߰ɡᡣ
ʮĬԱΧǰΧĳЯֱӽ˸š
ҲΪȻӶҪ˵棬ܻĸڶ, ߶̫Ľ
ҺʦҩԺĸӺöˡټÿչţĸҲܺáԲ˵
ҩҩ廰һ뵽˵ԼһЩ㿪˵ҽҩ˵˵ҩﶼʲôҩ
ʱŪһ°ˣ˭뵽ҩҩô档ҡҡҩǾܣôܸ㡣
ҩҩͷҲǡȻҩôҪҲذ˰ҩˣһй©ҩôáⰾҩĻǽһɡ
̲סһգ¯ҩǸҪĻơɲÿմƯƯģȴΪҩһĺ
ˡ˰֡Լҵˣؼ⡣ʵҩҲûôܵģûû¡
˵˵ҩﶼʲôҩҩѻ˻
öţҩҩôôѲ༸ҩƽʵûôҽ飬Ҫͷһ벻
Ҫʲô˵붨ΪԼΪ˲ѣôʹãҪˡ˼ȥҲﲻʲôֻܻ֧֧ңҲ˵
Ǻ޲طȥյֶˡ
ҩҩƲƲ졣Ǻðɡ
̲סһΪӹһ٣ȴû뵽ҩҩǣӣЦ˵˵ͿԲ˵ѽ

Ҫ鴤ˡ
ƫƫ뻹ԱͼӴףҩҩıӵţɲѧ
ͲȥˡʹĴ˰ĴǰԼƽᣬ˼ҩҩѽҡ
ȵȥʱ̫Ц˻ӴӴƣȥԳôҴôö
ҩҩЦÿĸ˵ʲôأʲôöЩɽҰ˰ˡ
㲻֪ĸʹˣԲ·ҲֻЩźÿ˻ԭͺϼһڣʳȴ޴Ϊˡҩҩ֪ġ
ٺ١Ҳǳ㣬ĸ׼ġĸԵúãԳʱһЩҲԶˣ⻹ԳǱ߶ҰɽΣ̲
̫ͷúúáţȴ̧ͷ롣Щҩҩָ˲鷳
ҩҩһ漴ӦĸĲģػǵԼãдһ䡣
ҲǴϻۣһҩҩ֮󣬴ܵҩҩߣҡ⻰˵ϣַأ̫ȻҲĳǡ
һķ´롣仰Ҿͷˡ
ţźȻعںг̫ҩҩʶҲڸǰʱ޹ؽҪĳ֮¡
һƬֱ֮֡һλŮ֪Ӻδ
Ļȥֻ֪ӺʱʼѾ޵滨ꡣҩҩòϣŮӿȷмֳмۡ
ʶӺϿȥֻɨһۣҲԸ̧ȥһŭ飬뼴̾Ͱߡ
ҩҩأͬˡ
һڣҩҩʱԼͬеࡣ
ҩҩԴ֮һֱľ̺ĸҲΪĸҡҽղ֪ԭĸֻǹһˡҩҩұΪǺѣԲŹͬסȴ˵߾ߣһ£жί֪ô
磬ҲûۿҡҩҩǵʲôǲǴûҵˣҡҾԼ⡭˵仰ʹһ½ţźۿһۣȻתͷɱȥ
ҩҩ˰ΣŷӦҾãڵȥ׷
أֵסʲô
ҩҩʼ硣֮ǰһۣɲ˼ô˼ڵȥ׷ء
뵭һЦŤͷĺ˵ơ
ڡ
ȻҪߣͰѳʰãӳ⡣
ǡ
أֵҩҩʧɫˡ⣬ⲻðɡ
ɵѾͷ̫ЦǳԼ鲻ģֽͷʱõʱˣʲôõġ㻹ȥ׷ɵ
ҩҩͷҲûôءЦҴӦĸµģһǳȥɡ
ţ̫ȰȥɡԺˣҪеܽһְǹܲסһСѾͷ˸λ
ףҲЪ˼
ȵҩҩ׷ͷʱ򣬳ڴŵżϿ޵ҩҩԭҲֻȷƽȴû뵽Ļڵ塣
ﲻɵúЩͷ˵öԣԼǵúһ㣬ʰˡ
нŲ̻ȥĹʡڿҩҩһ˲ʱʧ
ҶҪˣôûҡίͰ͵ҩҩǲǰ˵һˣҪȻôô㡣
ҩҩҡͷʲôû˵
ܡҩҩ֪㼵ңԲǰ˵ҵĻҩҩôͲأʹҼ޹Ҳһõġſǻ
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ҩҩɴཫƾͼơô˵ţ
˵ֱȱУպ鷳ƻ첻ߵʵҲûѣ˺ܾ֮ǰ͸Լ¹ˣֻԼڸԶķȰ˼أһֱû֡
û뵽λλҪģԷҲˡ
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ǿôûУһʵ
ûа˵˵̾кµǰŹ
֪Ҷ֪Ůĳ˵ԱλɫѵĿǸԶŮ뾡취סΪ˼޸ˡλ˺ԣҪҰͰˡλ˵ĭɣ֮ء
ԭˡǰǰƣȦˣһǱá
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ˡǿˣϷ˭ء
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ԱߣҩҩۿţЦһһأҲˡңƾԶﴫı£˵Ļᶼûˡ
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Ҿ˵ɣҩҩԼҲܲѷֺ¡̫
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ǸܳܳĹ¡
̫ںϣƵЦݣ˵ˡ                        
лҪ˵һġŮˡ
ĶŮ䣬ĺŮ˳谮ĸ˽
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