صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

ĹѸ
ߣ¶

 1 

͵ֵĴɽһƽ͵СׯСׯ˼ҵشƫƧһ㶼һ˼Ȼ·һˣһȴ˼Ϣ
ߴһľѹһ˲뵽˼ͽıڣʱԼĴԽũҹѸʱĹעȫڻбϷϡ
ũҹѸݵ΢пܼԶ󣬵ȻҲпܹԶһũˣĿϷϷõøߴϣʹũˣͨҲݡ
ݵ΢ǹؼصǹѸɷŮӡ
ԴˣߴЩǣһԶһʼ̣ǰһˣ
ûпܹԶؿζϲѸ
ʹֿԣߴǾǰ;ѣǹŴ
Ҳ翪ţ
ôһοԼߴһҲ滺࣬پݿܴĲ
ǳӦڴСĹ뷿
ǰߴѧԢñʼǱдҵȻǰһڣνϷϵͳռ䣬Գ֮Ϸϵͳϵͳ002
֮һϷ԰װϵͳʱصģһŷŮߴϲϷû棬ȻйϷһ֪
ϵͳ002˵ߴѾˣȻаŰɣߴûдϵͳ002ĻϲʵϷڲʸǷѡԽ
ѡ񲻴ԽΣߴֱ˵ѯʣϾû˹涨¾һҪԽ
ȻȥͶֻ̥ǲܱ֤±ӻˣпͶ̥һֻӣһѪǣֻҪϷͨأԱ֤Ͷ̥ˣܱ֤±һƽ󡣡
ߴܾϵͳ002ջôԽʲôɣ
ƺǿǣϵͳ002ɲϴ󽻴Ҿֲ˼䣺Ϊܼ򵥣ϷŲлɹ񡣻һϷʧ޳ͷһӵʱԡԱ׷
ߴȻóϷôһо񻹿ԵӣվϷĽһΣܽܣҲμӣԸҿʼ𣿡
ûʲôýܵģʱǼܿչŴԶϵͳģԸֻһԶʾĶǼٵģҲǶĿ飬ʲô𣿡
ߴԼʱûʣϵͳ002˵濪ʼѡһ4ŮŮ̼ϱũҹѸѡһ
òһ𣿡ߴùòǷǳҪģܲһھһãɼòҪԡ
ԣǲܳ˹ֵģֵԽԽãҲĿ
ͬˡ
ߴȻ뵽һҪ⣬ͻȻи㣬㹥ԳɹһˣбҪ󣿡
д˼ֽ⣬ϾϵԵ׳̶ȡ
ֵָ100ﵽ95Ϳˡ
ֵô죿ߴ̲סü
һ80ͲԳɹҲûϵ
4˵ķʲôģߴתʵ
Ӣˬׯ֪ԡġ䰧
ѡׯ֪ԵĸŮߴ˼ش
ˣֻũҹѸѡĶѡˡ
û˵бˣҪҴͬһ𣿡ߴĵһºʹô죿
ǲӦΪǿ˹ĹԽȣ
ˣһһ磬ÿϷ綼ǲͬġˣϽѡָһĸֱǹɴܴ
Ҫɴߴ˵ͣһ¡
ûˡ
ܴ
ûˡ
ǻʲô
ո˵Ǿ仰ʱֻʣ
Ŷʲôߴ룬Ҳһʼûнָܱûǿ
һҩȪĿռ䡣
ûɣȷȪߴǵÿС˵˹Ľָһ㶼ôֵȪռ䡣
ûȪȪ廹кôġ
ҩأߴѾ̫ˡ
ֲҩڲٱ501ҲҩȥùҲܳúúõġѾϵͳռùõˣ뿪ˡ
ߴһϵͳ002߳ŭˣԲż뿪ָҲò֣
ϵͳ002㻹𣿡ߴ
֣ϵͳѿ
ߴĮϵͳҲⲻϵͳ002μԭ䣿
һᣬԭûнյһڵ״̬
֣ϵͳ֪
ʲô˽⣬ô죿ߴ̲ס
֣ϵͳ֪
ǣߴϵͳʵǲ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪䰧ũҹѸʲô࣬ߴЩ棬澵һ¡
ڷ˰СӶûҵ߳䣬ԺһھԱߵľͰ˰Ͱˮ
ߴû뵽ԭСˡ
ˮ棬ֵһĴˣ˫ü˫ƿ޷ǿޣСѪɫһɻȥһ˵ѿС
ߴŬ¶һõЦݣֻˮеԼһЦ˵˵İΪĲС
ףô£һ˶û𣿹ߴע⵽ôüһ㶯ûС
Ӷϸϸ鿴һ飬ߴʲôûҵţΨһھò䣬ܴܲʲô
˭֪ߵſڣڵ˼ԭ£˹ߴͣ½Ų΢΢ͷϸš
ڵϺþû¶棬ǳ˰ɣ
ôֿ˷Ůˣ˲źá㲻ǿ˰ɣ㲻Լһĺû˵
Ϲ˵ʲôأôܿǸѸҪƾ޹ʻ˱˵ף
׿𣿶ɷûĸ˶֪Ů޶򡣻˶ˣ㲻Ҫ벻㿴ڴﻹ˭ģ
޸ҿ˵ϵһλǳϲǸԱӱಡڶμ޸ڵԶɽԶɽû֣ȴԼˡ
Ҳ룬Զɽôأôγ⣿ҿ峤ϱ˵峤峤δϣǰϳȥǽɲҪǼ鷳
ߴһСߵʯӣ˸ڵǶԷ򸾣˭
Էɭߴࡰ顱ļͷ˼亹ŽŲԽԽˣһôأ
ǶԷ򸾳һʲô˶ûУֻһֻҰèǰû£һֻҰèѡ
˵˻ȥˣ̸۸ڹѸ£ת˵ҳ̵С¡
Ҳ֪˶ãߴָƽŴӲѺմ˺ܶҶԭո鼱ֱ֮һ㣬պһС϶ֱ˽ȥ
صԭļңߴﲻܴˣʰһЩ·ǮϸԥһᣬֱɽˣΪû·ǵù˳Ҫƾ֤Ȼᱻץ
ɲԭأһ˼Ҫô죿ǶһΪã鲻󣬱˵ֻǰϳٳҲ١
ɫˣ·̫ߣߴСĻһӣ·ţȻҵһɽƺǱ˴ϢĵطһĹ
ʵ߲ˣߴϢһϣһɽһߡ
ҹߴͷ˺ູܶɫЩȻһ˯˹
ߴո񿴵Ӱһԭƽһ顣

 2 

Сʱͽһֻ֪ĲĵׯӣҲ
Ƶϱ߻ׯӾش⣬ధ֮£ׯӷ⣬Ҳ֪δҪϴ·ǮĲ
ǺׯӾʹĻĲһֱûҵʵĶ
ʮ꣬ׯ˵ԱҵĶҪϲ˵˹ȥ50ӡǱ˼Ҳ̣ԼŮŻֵȥϲ
ϣԱӳ׺һغˣǰúһԱһҾͰι˳ȥ
ؼҺׯӴټһŮͬټޣҪƸ̫࣬ٳû¼ҡ
һȥˣׯ˰ŮͷҺʱԶɽȢȻһЩ֤ÿТһӵǰ£ׯǿͬ¡
ռ޵Զɽң£ӺۣԶɽ˾Щ㣬úòһ塣
û뵽ⷢˣǰԶɽ˳ͱһʬ壬ܲʵͻ˹ȥ
ԶɽʬѾڸˣΪûˡ˸ȿԶɽķĹڷǰ˹ȥ󣬲ǵĻصС
Զɽˣ滹һֱķԷ뵽ԼĵܿټһΣͰԼˡ
ߴ̲ס̾ԭԼĸ׻ģ࣬лһ
ͻȻֲԣԭǶģʱûöڵЩˡ
֪ô𣿡ߴĵʸϵͳ
֣ϵͳ֪
˵ô£ߴЩˣ⸨ϵͳҲ̫ˡ
֣ΪһϷ磬Խ״̬Զ
ߴⲻ൱һȫϢϷֻһʵϷ磬Ϸɫֻһ
̾뵽ԼĽָڶûмôһ룬ߴԼԺҩռ䡣
ҩռ䲻󣬺ִͨҲ󣬾ֻһҩһȪҩͺͺһƬȪȴԴԴϵмƮ֮⡣
ôãߴʸϵͳ
֣ԶøжӣϵͳԶΪ
ŶӷŵߴЩǣֱӳԼϰɡ
֣Զҩ
ߴŷµȪ¶ȣо΢΢̣ͦõģϲϴˮ¶ȵȪ
һתߴ뿪ҩռ䣬صɽҲ֪ʲôá
ҹӦ˯ɹߴ˯ûãЩˣԴԽϷûԹκζ
ǴҹɽжԣߴЩ˵Ҳҳȥһùһ㣬͵ҰޣҰ޵ĿֱЦ
ˣ
ϷеһѰ·⹥ߡ
ûԶʧܵĹߡ
ԽĹ߳ϷҰ޵Ŀ

Ȼ˯ţߴͿʼǸ£뵽ͻشĵشһ
ĿǰҪɽﰲȫĶȹ⼸죬ұ֤ԼԱӡ
ܿ죬ߴ뵽˷ǵҩеѹӢȡɽҩԣȻֻ˽ѹӢɽҩΪԡ
ǣǻиϵͳ֪ı٣ϵͳЩԵҩʲôӣ
֣ϵͳ֪
ߴˣû뵽⸨ϵͳôϣ֪ʲôֻʲô
֣ϵͳʾԶԼĺøжֵ仯ᷢΪ
Ŷ㻹𣿡ߴЩĵ׷ʡ
֣ϵͳᡣ
ˣ򰲰ɣҲġߴǳķһۡ
֣ϵͳ򰲡
ߴЩˣʲôˣ˷ˮ
Լסž˯ˡ
ѽӽ磬ߴˮɽȥһֱߵ˼ĵطͣ½Ų΢΢һ
ԼӡеѹӢɽҩҵߴ΢΢һЦðˡ
ѹӢܺòժѵǳڵµɽҩߴһ֦Ǳڡ
ʱ򣬴˷ֹߴˣΧһûҵͷˣ˭©ϢȻˣˣҲ࣬һŮ˶·Ҳ˶á
ڵǶԷɫЩţܿͷȻѾµǹߴ͵ΪǡһֻҰè·ǲ˵ȥһôûС
ԭ峤峤õľǰѹߴʡþ벻Զǿ˵ȫˣɴԴͷ˿ܡ
ֵǮڻ᲻˸ֹǿǵˣߴһĹЩǮװƽû뵽ǰˡ
ͷߴ˺þúþãڳɽҩɽҩŴζӯѹӢԿڸرɬҪǿԼԸ뱥
һߴһСɽҩֵҩһܳɣԳʮ¡
ɫˣߴʼѰϢ֮أֱڶûҵһʵĵط
ҹɫˣֲ嶫ˣ߾ĵģߴԽͣ½ŲһǱ߽߾ȫı
СˤһӺ侲˼Ǳ߲С
ʧֻө֮⣬ߴ߽ө棬ͷ⼸ֻɰСڿ裬ƺٸָ·
ө滺ǰУԶиԼԼӰߴˣͼƺͷһۣȻʧӰ١
ߴˣʲôٶȣ˵ʧʧˣǹɣϵͳ002û˵ԶǹѵҪ˹δˣ
ôһ룬ߴҲˣߵոڵĵط¹ͿԶиСݡ
Сҵò󣬲ŷһѾõݣǻҳϻһЩµĽӡ
齼ʰһ£ߴ˯ˡ
һᣬһӰǰֻǾĿţʲôûҲ֪˶ãǺӰʧˡ
Ժ󣬹ߴһգƺҪˣһһֱ˯硣
󣬹ߴһ۾ͿһЩƷβˢࡢࡢ֬֬֬ˮۡ
һɽҩԺ󣬹ߴ˼ϸѰһͷһռǣһЩռ˵ճ滹һЩҩ﷽ӡ
ռ˺һҽʥ֣ǸˣдԼʱʱգһ׷ߡ
ҩ﷽ӳҩҩҩⶾҩҩҩһЩɢ׷ɢɢɢҩֹʹɢֹѪɢͺࡣ
۵Ĺߴһ˭֪˲ˤţȻиСв㣬ҵһСϻӣŮ˶Ҫıɢפյ裬һд󻹵Сһذס
ߴ̰СϻӲؽռ䣬Ȱ㡣
ǵǮ⣬ȻѾɽˣߴȥ֥˲Ρ
ķ5ʱ䣬ߴ½½ҵһЩСĲ˵˲Σڸҵ˻֥˶꣬ͳͳֲҩ
ɽҲ˺ü죬ߴ߳ɽ֣ȥ̽̽
ߵ·ͻȻһŮ˻ƵĽкûѽ
ߴææ˹ȥһ毺õɫȹŮӵ˴Եһ£һӣ
ŮӼˣһľϲߴӺЩʧǻǱһ˿ϣãǧԶҺ¡
£ߴذ׸һЩ֯һʵӸŮӣƵķԼ
㻹ȥ˰ɡŮ
һֱסɽ´񲻻İˡߴڱһѻȻЩǸĲܰȥҴ
û¶棬ȫһСΪϡ
ߴһǸΣŮЩô죿
õģа취ŵŪЩȽʵ˾Ϳˡ
ߴذ״ӶڿʼŮӾͰŪȽʵ˺þãŮӾˣ붴ڻкóһξ룬ⷽвͨô죿
û£뵽İ취ˡ˵꣬ҲûԷʲôӦߴذһ³

 3 

ŮԺȲĶԹߴллľ֮㲻֪жΪҪˡ
Сһ׮ôߴЩʣö˶˵ʲô
ŮþúŻش𣺡ҽгٻ̣Ҹǹ»䡣һɣҸ̫ᣬҺϾҾǮƺ˽
ԼһȥϣϵֻҪǮƲҪңŮЩԹ֪ҸϲТŮҺúԼԼ֪ܵĺ˽Ҹô۰ңҰҷٹһ϶ԭҵġ
ԣߴо˶ˣѵص㲻Ǹĺıƺ
Ͳ㸸׸㱨ɿǮƣƽߴ̽Եһ䡣
ԸɵģôҶӦõģûãץסɵģOģǮƵȻҲġٻ̲ŵĿŹߴ·治
Ŷôȥߴüתƻ⣬û뵽Ůӵλ˵£˵ĸƷ
·ûˣһ̲Ӧаɡ˵꣬ٻһεĿŹߴ
ţУ㲻õġߴҲشˡ
·˽⵽˵ԪزԶǰߵߴҲġ
ԪسſڣٱƺûҪ·˼ǰһֱӽȥˡ
Ӵ˶ø缸úüһ¡سſڵĹٱϷʵĵϷ
ߴһӦڵϷ˼ҵϷǳٻ̣ЩڣȻϣϷԼԳøǼٱ۹⡣
ȻĹߴ»ҲȫҲ֪Ǵ񣬳ʮ
ٻһȻȴ㷴ۿֿ쵽ϣߴǿӲĿ֪˭ǹ»ŮС㣬ǿһ
ٱûȳٻͳͷͷǸ˾ͼæ˵ᣬᣬϽС·˵Ż͵͵ߴ1ӡ
˼ߴû˵ֱ1ӣߴЩЦ÷ʹ¿ûô
ȶԷһ۵1ӣߴڴ󷢴ȱĿڣˣһСˣ÷ϡ
˵꣬ߴųٻˣԶˣٱЩ£ʲô¶ûСôˣ
ɫˣߴͳٻһҿջڵǮߴֻ˼ز˺·õСϴˮֱ͵¥ϡ
¥ߵһ룬ߴȻͷ˷¥ϣȻԣü
ٻϴ¥ʱߴϴţϴú˰ˮɫȹо̹ࡣ
ߴĴ¥ʱСջ˶ˣһҼľˣϴŵĳΪǽѡ
˶ƣߴ΢΢һüʲôҲû˵ֻľ£ĳ
һᣬСһ뼦ƹģǮ档
л鷳ƹĵлߴЩϲΪϲԼ
Сû𣿡ٻЩ
˼ƹûС֮ûгٻ̵ķݡ
ٻùߴֻعȻЩεķԼ֪ߴʲô֣ûʹߴ֣ߴݵ΢˲
ǹߴ־ĳ𷹲ˣûһߴͰѼȳˡ
νߣԻΪòΪΪΪ̬ΪǣԱѩΪˮΪˣʫΪġһ֮Բ飬֪˿ɷ֪
һ桢࿡ʵİɫߴڨϹߴûҪ˼ƺǰЩܸУܿ챻¸ˡ
֣ƹԶֻ֣ȷ˹Զ󣬸ϵͳʾøжֵ仯
ߴһ£Ƴ˴ڨİһۣ˳˼
ô죬սسǣͼһǹԶĿ꣬е㲻˼顣
Ҹʲô̬أҲ֪ǲǹԶ
ˣȽϺá
ôҪҪڨ
ûȹߴãַһƣ껣ྩʿιӼƣɷύѣ
ߴûʲôӦԱߵĳٻȴǺӼƱԼĵܰصҲ˰ɡ
Ĺӣūύūҽгٻ̣Ҹǹ»䣬ֻһûɽˣūһæūҾͰɽˡ
ߴƳ˳ٻһۣ˵ϹĺԱأ֮ǰڸмԼľ֮ת۾ͳһСæٻôֵǮ
תһ룬ҺԼûѣڲըΪһİ˵ͱԼһԼһûʶɽˡ
üͷһ壬û˵ŮöˣϲԼĻɫҳ໹ǿ⣬õĽ˵Ļ
С㣬һŮǧֻǰһСæδЩ֡⣬سſ㱻ٱռ˱ˣҳһ·鶼ڰţʲôûҲˣؼֻǳںģô˵ĺҵģ
˵ߴҲûһȻĳٻ̣ԼǷһС׻û׼ʲôʱͱĵĿˣֿɣ
껲֪ʲôʱ뿪ˣΧԽԽԭһֱŶ䣬עߴĶ
ģҲ̫˰ɣ
ʲôС̫Ҫˣ
˵̫ˣߵڰףôˣ
Ϊ˶˲ɣۿ˵͡
ոջˣ¼
ҿȥԺСˣôϲˡ
λ£ǹֳ࣬ࡣ

һᣬٻȥЩԻһίܳջӰ
ߴû뵽ջĿô̲סֻţ˭гٻˣǻã
ߴǿջЦûˮʣϼʹЦҲһĨǳ
һжĳ˿һ˿Ц⡣
󣬹ߴ˺üۿջĿˣĴЩ棬ᱩ¶Լˣ뵽ᱻ˿ʹա
Ȼ˹ߴȤķ棬ɫĬĬš
೯һͳа꣬ⲻٹ3£ֵһһӣЩýϹƷǶȥྩմ֣˵˻һλ㡢ǵľɫˡ
ϢͨСܸʰ·磬һ
ʲôһһϢûأϸǱȥַɽϱƣж˵ѾˣԭǻĿȴλԵˡ
ϸ磬ˣҲ˵
ʲôһûǻģȥһ׮š
ˣˣȾƣлҵ£㻹˵ΪСĵԴ


 4 

ߴýζʼҵºܶ˶ϲ֮Ϊ̸ʡҪҲȥྩմ֣֪ȥģӽ»᲻Ҳȫ
ǣϱ˯òôȣߴܸо˰͵ԼֻܿںһƬԼ˴
ڿջԺ緹ߴ뿪ˣƹģһǮ
30ͭ͹ˡƹ̬ȷǳȣԭвˣΪ˶һߴò˺ü̲ˡ
ûȹߴǮһɫɴȹŮͻȻ죺ƹģɲصƾʲôֻøǮ
ƹնǮԼ㣬֮£õ𣿡ߴһ㶼ûк˿˼
ùߴŵȻһԲϾҪִˣٶȷǳ죬ȫӦ֮һξġ
ڼʱӢ۾һ˫ֱӰѺ¹ִˣܴ󣬿˵ש
ҵ֣Ů̲סҽУ־ȻһѪܵġ
ߴѪģ̲סŻ£Χ˶ֲ֣ԵùߴЩ롣
ʱ߽һӣŮ״ָŹߴ磬ҪΪС˵ͷҵ˳ҵַˣҺúްŪ
֣ƹԶ֡
Σʱ̣ϵͳˢڸУҲǹԶѸŶ
ߴڣ˵˵ոѵңһ򱧲ƽңֻܹΪ̫š
ߴȻûʲôãϾԷǺŮӵı磬Žһ
οŮſھףҪʵ̫ˡ
Ůӵ֣ѸץŮӵּһɫô˵ôأ˳Ҳ̫ˡ
Ӵͳҩõҩɫмۡ
Ȼӿߴһ֮£һ㶣Сط˼üԶ죬ۺﲨ
磬㻹֣òҲס˰ɣŮɫԽݶһīɫӿ
üͷ壬Ӳͷ˵ſڱտھǼˣĽأȥùĸúý̵һ㣬ʡü޲ȥ
˵ЩǸĿŹߴԥŸòö֣һᣬƺ¶ˣƫһߣǲֱӣ㶯ˡ
Ǻˣ˵ͷôӲҵҪ˭ǰ֣
һͻȻڹߴԣֻɫ멣ϴŻƽߣ¶°ݰףԵ쳣
֣ƹԶ֡
ߴЩʲôӣƹԶĿһһĳ֡
ƺЩţ£ô
ʲôתӺݺݵ˦˺ŮһƣȻһ£дò£һúýѵģͷһɡ
Ůӱ˦һƣ˿ûί֮ɫеֻǾֽӣ̲ס¶ֿ֮⡣
ߴµĿźϷ˭֪һѻյϣֻһһ˵ܲĹͿߵĹʲô˼ˣ
˿û뵽ûΪǵ˼ЩڴĿŹߴ
ںŮñ˲ע⣬ݺݵĵ˹ߴһۣвʵһ㡣
𣿡ߴЩΨ²ҵӣ˰Ķˡ
ǶûзԵ˼ߴЦЩŹ֣ûŮҪԼҲ㶯ˣʱ֣ȻԼѾʬڴˡ
ñȱ50ɣһ̫˾ʹͷ˵òãߴһӣȴ˵Ļ
ⲻһڱԼ
ͬˣŮЩԹ޵Ŀ˹ߴһۣߴʹϲͶ࿴ۣҲһ⡣
Ȼľͺ50ƣһ㶼û
ߴ֪Ŀ£ͱÿúܣڻ֪ô
50Ůӵȫܿˣ׵úƤⶼЩˣһܼʱͿĨϺõĸҩ»ݡ
ùߴܹܽ񫣬Լһ£³ͷ˰ɣĵúúøлһ
λǷˣһҪȥҽݣɷһЩʡ
ûзӦߴ˵ͷȻӴűˣڼͷһۣʲôû˵
㵨ӿ󣬾Ȼ˵ͬʱָסߴ°ָͣĥ˼¡
ûУû˵㲻Ҳûз𣿡
ߴû뵽˵ͷЩί˵һ˾ͺõӣ̲סۣ۾ɬ˼ᡣ
ߴˣЩ˷ܣԼϲ滨ӣޣʹޣһᣬͷŹˡ
ߴˣоԼŮˣӢ۾ŶηϣЩİȻֻܿǵЧӦû뵽ȻǸ̬ϲᡣ
ţߴԼ浹ùԽһֱĵģ᲻øĵ֮顣
ſλáճһ˱ɨһۣʱŵˣ˶ãҲȥܡ
ˣξȵ´ߴ۾ЩģֻֿɰСӣЩ⡣
֮ǰ˹ߴһۣһö覵οҼ鷳ͰóǵñԼ
룬ߴûоܾȨϵỹͦҪıӣȨԶǮҪ
ߺ󣬹ߴ30öͭݸƹȻԼİҲˡ
·ʱߴĶЩʧоϡ棬һЩƤƥ˿Ƥݡ㡢ɻʳ߹󣬵ȵȣġ
ߣȻūߴоЩ棬ûۼͣ˽Ų
һ𣿡е࣬ߴȥ
Χд˼˹ȥʱΪˣ侹˹ԵŮӣǷ׷׸·
ߵǰͷߴһۣЩ̣öū²ģǵԼӶ
֣ƹԶ֣ƹԶѡʾȫ10ȷĸĹԶ󡣡
һ֮£ߴһ㶣ʲôūôƹԶĿꣿһ4ѡǵӦĸأ
ʱһֻͻȻץס˹ߴȹڣŮҵ𣿡
ߴͷһһ㱵ӣմ˻ҳϡܿ࿡ݣ彡׳

 5 

ԥһ£ߴУҪ
಻࣬30ӣڹôķϣֻ15ɡ̬ȷǳ
̫ˣߴЩΣԼܹ7Ӻͼʮöͭ壬ܲٱһ㣿
ԲסˣٱҪˡ¶Ρ
ߴЩΪѣȥĸǮڶûһԴ
˰ɣ㲻ҪϹ˵СӸֵôǮһȫ˴ˡ
ǰǰβˣһȳӣҿֵֻ5
ʲôʲôᣬ书Ҳ˷ˡ
ǰ˵ڳ˲ûסһӵĻƽҾʣһˡ
ģҲҽӣ𣿡
ǶԷͷ̫󣬾ܾˣ˵ǾĴ
˭֪᲻ﲻõˣ㻹ǲҪ˰ɡ
Χ۷׷ף⣬вˣ¹ߴˣˣˣұ㣬5ӡ
3ӡߴ۶գһ£еĻۣ˭־ڱصá
аɣ33Ҳá
ߴӺɰͳ3ӵݸУоͰȳӵ
¿һݣߴı˻Ūǿӡáǽм𣿡
ǣӽԺҾСˣԸΪСЧȮ֮ͣǡն˵
ûͻȻˣʮֲмһܸʲôŻһ͵ĶԹߴ˵ȱ˸˵Ҳһ˸㣬ɱ򣬿׵öࡣ
ˣҾüͦõġߴ뻹ǾܾɲиˣʱΪ˭¶һأ
֪ô˵ͰѹߴǳѲ
ߴ˿ŭ⣬ҧгݵ
˵´ɫЩãߴȻûĻϡ
ʲô˵꣬ߴͷӦ˹̬ϲ˿޸ֱ׳˵Բסڿ޲Ҫұˣ
˹ߴþãڿڣУ³Ҳǿ㣡ңɲô׹ˡ
ʱ˵ߴûѻ˵һԼһ죬һߣպûǹԶ󣬰ǵҲͲˡ
³󣬼ĹĵʣС㣬û£
û£ҽйߴ㺰ҹߴͺáߴЩ߱˺С㡣
СС㣬ķôУĿЩࡣ
УԸ⺰СͺСɡߴҲǿ
һᣬߴֱӿʣ֪ṩ𣿡Ϊߴ²⼸ԶѡӦöἯྩ
УС㣬ҪҪҴȥһĻش
áߴ˵ͷľͰѹߴ˳С
۸󣬹ߴֻ÷㲽ȥྩ
˳Уߴż߻ؿջƹЩɻʲôûʡ
ƹģ·һͰϴˮķ䡣ߴָָԵļġ
ϣƹЩˡ
¥ȥԡߴڹ̨ǰһᣬЩԥѯƹƹģܽһǳԼʳ𣿡
ԣ⡣ƹûܾ
ߴȥˡ5ǮԺ뵽Լռ˲κ֥ص߽ҩѯʼ۸
ҩƹ̬ȷǳƣߴѯ˲κ֥ļ۸񣬻صذѶó˵
ߴ֮Щϲã֥ȻܶΪСٳ30ˣһ֥60ҡ
ƹ񿴳ϲãĲ²ߴݲС֥Ϳڵܴҿ԰ļ۸ҪҪ㣡
ãǾͶлƹġ˵ߴȲĸϻؿջ
ѾԡϣȻڿջſڵȹߴЩģϾ̫ȫû书
С㣬ˣЩû뵽ߴȥôãΪʲô⡣
ߣȥȥ¶һ֡ߴЩ⣬ľȻſڵתһҲ
С㡭֧֧˰ʲôû˵
ߴһģˣˡ
С㣬Ůܲףһ˵
ѽϻˣС㣬ҵġߴ뻹Ůܲףԭͼ˶Σһȫȥ
ߴ˳ڳſڵܿ˼档
İ涼˳ȥߴѳָԭ״һҲ˴á
ߴһڣоЩɨˣζûԼеĺãǰóΪϵԭ򣬿Լʵһ㡣
ߴǰˣôɽҩζã
һ¡Ժú󣬹ߴһʱͼĽãȻʹҴææ¥ˡ
ڷߴԼİһ֥װǴӰóģ룬һ·
ߴž°õ֥¥˼һȻһȥҩ̡
ǣС㡣ûκʡ
ҩ̣ߴѶݸƹ񣬶˵֥Ҵˣҹۡ
ƹСİİ𿪣֥̲סǰһȻֻ30ңǿҩЧܺãһʵҰ֥
80۸Σƹпϵ˵
ãһֽǮһֽߴͦģ֮ǰȥҩ̴ˣҼǮ
õ80ӣߴ߳ҩ̺緢ĶԼ˵ߣȥ
ǣС㡣һһ۵˵
˳У˵ߴҪȥྩһԼ
10ˣδ
Ϲѡң5ˣÿζѹȫ͵
ոǿƽﾩǡ
ҵرֻ5ӡ
ҼݳرȣڳҲһ
ҵµģûֻҪ3ӡ
ҳ죬ѡ·ϰ㲻ġ

ߴܾᣬ룬ѡǸԳոǿĳܲȫˮְɣӦջȥ
۸ԣӳһ8ӣ1Ķ˵ջſڽǡ
ȹߴصջһʱ䣬Ҳûط䣬ڴġ
ôãߴֳٻ̾һС׻ΪŮӵλȻߣҲûô΢
˺üѵԼ๫İԣΧ˶ֲ֡һ̵Ůӣãͷ¶⡣
Ůӵ׺Ҫףֻܼ޸ˣоǼױŮڷҵĵλ
Ժߴصԡڴϣ츨ϵͳʾݡ
룬ʸϵͳû10ȷԶȷĹԶǼٵģʲô
֣ϵͳ֪

 6 

ߴ븨ϵͳôӵʲô֪ˣԼɡ
ԶĻѡ컬İӣ׽õӣ̬ļġ
̫ȷ10ǽӴӴ˭ϷеȽ
ϷһǵλߣãȻҲųϷ߲Ѱ·
ˣһǲϷܹӴģȻô飬ѵԶǼģϷߵǿĸ·ߣ
ⲻ̫ѧɣȫˣԼȶˣ书ҲˣҲӣūˣҲ̫˰ɣܵ
ˣͷȻֱ˵ɣ˯ˣ컹
ǹߴŬſԼ˼ľ˯ˡ
ҹǸӰˣڹߴǰվһᣬʲôûֻǶȻ˾ʧˡ
һϵجΣߴľ̫ãǻǱ10ҪҳĹԶӰ쵽ˣЩǡ
һ緹ߴͺͼȥջſڣû뵽Ѿˣһˡ
ߴŰڲڼļͳһϳûǿ󣬱ϾҲϰߺһôСĿռ
ļһ·ûжĵܿͳˡ
ճ˵5ܵྩмҪԽһɽ·ûôߡ
ʱ򳵷ڿиߴһߵȼĻȥСϪץ㣬Ȼ῾ԣԴлЩڴġ
Ļˣץ˼һЩҰɾͽȻ󽫹㸹ڻϿ
ŵζ󣬹ߴڴˣһֱ۰Ͱ͵㣬Ѿöûζˡ
Ȼ80ӣǹߴϰʡŵ㻨ڿջûõˣȫصġ
㿾ˣĶݸ˹ߴֿʣµ㡣
ڵ̫̣ߴֻҧһСڣԾ¶һЦݣ뼾ĵտղһӵ
ԹˣߴҲˣһЦĿżģıˣС㣬㻹ҪҪ
ãҹˡߴü洿飬Ҳ룬һɫĴЦĿűˣжôĳ
˰ȥ׽зԭ֭ԭζзȻϸĵİԺݸߴС̵
Ժ󣬹ߴ뼾ĳãззζӵ쾡£Ժһֱ³ԼֻԣҲˡ
쳹׺ߴ˸ʵĵطפȻߴ˯ĺͳҹȻȫ̶Źߴ
һҹȥߴ˯úܲȫᱳ۵ģĺͳ򶼾ӣЩĽ
һ·ల£ֱ֪ͨߴҪԽɽˣԭΪ·ϵһ㣬ٶһ㣬û뵽ǿ
ǰ·һõµĴסˣһΪģ̾
ȻԱ߹ľ߰˸ͽӴ·ˣүΪû˸Ƶˣǵӵͦʣ
ԭɽ˼ֻǿɽĲ֣ܶ˶յϢ׷ƵԶУֹֻܹߴϢͨ
ǿҽһЩƵˡ
ˣҲΪǣͰ£˿ˡ
ܳΪɽ©֮㣬⼸˻һͷԵģٲƵǵ̯Ȼٸɱǡ
ߴﰵżԼһ³ǿɫô죿
ֻ5棬ؽռˣͼɾľ·һЩֵ̫Ǯϸӡ
͵͵ռ䣬ܵøԼ·ֽȥ
ֻ֣дڰȫ״̬ܽռ䡣
ռ͸ϵͳһǼߣȫĻû½ռȪ
ߴЩ̲꣬סָ𳵷򲻿ףѡ·߲ԣ˻ס⻹û־ͱƵˡ
ѡԼǿˣ˷8ӣѡ˵ĳǸرľͲ
ڹߴ˼ʱǿͷˣ˸Ͻݹǲ
Ŀ˵УǮƿԸǣ¡
ǲûʲôã书ȫϣȻȳˣ޵ֿ֮ŭյǿһקڵء
ǿеͷͷһŲϣЬ׺ݺѹ˼£Сӣͦ𣿻Ϊ˲𣬽Ƿһ
ķŭĶǿǣ׺ݵҪһȴʲôҲ˵
˵ͦԾģϵǮƶ˳ߵһԹģүܷ𣿡
죬ˡǿ˵Ż˳һţɪɪĹţһ仰˵
ӷ϶͵ĹߴȾЩĿ־δ̫ûˡ
ǿͷͷϵٲ㣬ûùӳˡ
ߴвԥһ£Ҫǿ̸С
λ磬лú˵ǵöֶţǮƺǾˣ˰ɣߴСЦ΢΢Щ
ǿ۾ˣһĴϴŰԹϸģд˼䣬Щס
У˶ˣǮƣҲ£ֵܼӡǿͷͷڹߴϡ
Цˣþղ𣿷Ҫ˺Ƥ·ߴɫһ䣬д˼в
ֵܼܰôʴƤ𣿡ǿ޳ܵ˵
ߴҧҧ촽һ˵ĴҿŮˣţҿԸǿһǵĶ
ǿɫɲ֪ô죬ǵϴ
ǿͷͷɫݣһãֵǶɥڴˣڳ˻뿪ˣϢй¶ȥȻЩźĿ˹ߴһۣ˿ϧˣֻܹŮˡ
ǿͷͷɫܲԾߴ벻ãˣɱڣǿ򶨵Ŀڣͼؾ档
˼ƭǵģʵҶʶֻ˵볶һ´죬ŻŻǡû뵽ǰһöûУͽҾһûŮӣλӢۺúģǶ˰ɣ
Щɶҡǿͷͷ̲סﰵһȺŮ˵ʲôʲôһӶûС
ɲŮ˺һϵûУ͸Ҹ߾ģҡײƭ
Ҿƾô˵Ƶ踺أʹǣҲܷ뿪
ǿͷͷһɫᶨ˵Բסˣ±ټɣ˵űߴ

 7 

ߴƲתܣûײˣ̧ͷһֿЦ˵ôȻ˵ϳҭҭ˺þá
Щۣɽܻ񣬸δʱᰮĶԹߴ˵ˣȻٿ޸ҿںһȥɽ
ߴѡԺмǾ仰˼˵ͷá
ԼһգЩо˵ʲôͰѹߴ§ĻߴԼһķϣҲûпܡ
ǿͷͷ§Źߴ߹ʱ򣬶ʱңעҪɥڴˣﲻĵû취ֻԡ
űڵϵǿͷͷߴ߹ȥݺݲ˼ţһ壬һ˵㲻ϷŹңҪŪңҲ㣡
һǶˣ¿ζȻһ㣬ѹôûбˣԭϲ׺ɵŮӣ
ˣûУɫˣǻҵطפ͵˵
ˣٸһ¡˵ŹߴͶǿͷӵݺݵ˺ܶ£ñ˶ۣȻô⺷
ЬӶŪˡЩüȵһҴȥЬӣ˳Ҳһ
ŶõġߴӦˣأ
ȥˣܾԼְźãЩ˵
ߴ˱ˣæ׷ʵȥ
һۣͰ˹ȥߴʱ˻ڰӣѾƤѪֱźǲҲ̶á
ˣˣٴҪˣߴ̵˵ǶԷûд
ͷһۣûпڵ˼ߴ׺ݵĸ˿ϴ󲻾ñӣɮ濴棬û˵Ļǲඣ
̵϶סˣ֪ô죬ΪѵĿ
ˣûλС˵Ļ𣿡˵ͷԸȥ̧ȥҩúϣˡ
ߴЩģȥһץסˣˮӯӯ۾ɻĿʻʲô£
ߣȥȻ㻹ÿ޸ҿ棬һͲǿЦ
ǵһ·Ƚϰȫߴŭû˼˳ĺһ
æŴʱ򣬹ߴţֻùߴ޸޲
Щ˳ߴǲǹģһҪ޳ӣǾǲϵᣬǳȥ쬵
յ񣬹ߴоΣԼҲ޳ֺҲ˳µĺһȥྩ
ʹ˺üԼĴȣû취޳ôأ
ԣʱ棺£һѰ׵ǷҪƼݵӪʣ
ãһ͵Ӫʡ˵ȻקŹߴԼӪʣһ·û˵һ仰
ӪУһһ޺룬ܲģԼһһ¶Ը⡣
סߴ°ͣȥݺݵҧһڣ°ʹһɼӡˡ
Ȼɿ֣һ̧ͷЩ˷ܵķֹߴȻˣһһεĴ۽ǻ䣬Ǳ۸ĺˡ
ȻߴΪҧһڲſ޵ģû뵽ס°̧ͣͷһ˲ЩҳƮ۾ܣ᲻Ծľˡ
۾ҳˣܣҴһߴΨһһߵ˵Լ۾ԽգԽܣۿҲԽ졣
̫ţĻҳһ֪ԼˣҪֺһҲգᡣ
ôֲڵ˫סߴŹߴ˫۸˼Ҳ֪ʲôҪҪҪأ
ȻͱߴһƿˣΪָûã۾ǺܣЩˣѵˣ
ӪĴߴϴõͭ裬ǰһҴҵܹȥԼˮͣգ۾о˲ֹͣ
ˣعͷһⷢģƽ߶ڵסϢǻЦЦ
սЩŵˣ˭ǵˣûϢĲͲ˵ţ£λСҸ͹ˡ
ЩˣֲųԵԼܿһ
Ҳ룬ƽʱ»ŭȻϳͲر϶һ˰̣һС¾ҪˣǲΣ
ЩӲߴɤ𣬡£ȥɣź
Ȼ֪ԼǵϾԻ·ڲͬûɣԼ⻰˵ĶƯ
˹ߴĻƺЩѩڣӻ֣ȥɡ
֮ǰмĿһۣСϵȻһ㣬˵ҲͦзҪˣԺͲõû˵飬Ҳô¡
ȻȥȲĺһֵܷ£ڹߴ֪ʱһͱշˣԼ۹Լһá
һ̰ڲ輸ϣ룬ߴЩԥʵ£ҪҪһ¶
áԹˣһ
ߴվһСźĸ˶࿴һۣ͸ĸˣˣЩʹвԾһЩ
ˣ˵һ§ԼϣôιҰɡﻹԼ
ܵԼβ²ϴȹ̻ȵ¶ȣߴЩڣ΢΢ŲһӣҪܾ
˭֪˫ֲɿøߵͳ˵ҶԸ˵껹ҧһڡ
ߴ֪ķ֣Ӷʼ̣֮ķΧҲͷͿ˫䣬Ũҵд˼
ߴźľЩ⣬ÿӼеʲôˣιʲôҲ⣬ȫעϣĿȵĺҪɸɾ
ұˣˡĵ˵رơ
ҿ𣿡ߴһõĺϾͿԽˡ
ûгΪ˼ԲϷſߴֻþƳԼЩʳ֪ζ
עһѵò͹̣ҲԺˣȫ죬Ѷʪ͸ˣߴͷҲмֱ䵽۾Ȼ¡
ôֿˣҪҪٰ㴵һЩɻЩ˷ܣߴ滨ӿžġ
ãҽ˴ɾˮߴھܾ㰴Ϸһ飬ֻͭˮеˡ
ȥɣһ㡣˵Ͷͭȥˣһֻˣȫûһӡ

 8 

ߴΪֺˣʱͭ˹͵˵ˣðɡȻЩźĿһۡ
һˮ峺ףԵˮλ˱仯ˮˣߴЩΣĺԼˮԼƫ
룬ʵϲ˿ԵЩζ⣬Σʱ̳ȣҲû˺
л¡˵ߴͽٴˮУһ̧ͷѾȫûˣ۾ûв
ȻһüŶԹߴ˵غ£㡭ƺҡᴨɣҵı֣Ϊе
£ܾò̫еŤˣһأƺԼᴨϣҪ֪ôٴξܾ
ãҾͺᴨˡߴݸһЦ۾Ц⣬ҫ
ᴨ뵽Ůʱʦżǰ˵һ仰ͬѧǣ·Ҫ߰ߣҪᴩ·
ߴô죬ҲͦõģЩãȻ֪֣㻹ûı֣
ߴЩΪѵ˵ûб֣ҵǹߴԺҡ㺰ɡ
ԼߴԵ̫Զˣߴֲ˳ڣߣʵ̫ˣˣԼǰɡ
ߴûб֣ǰһǾȡɣԼıлıƣ뵽˸ȡƵġ
Ҹȡ֣ɺã񽿡ض棬ϲһ񽿰ɡ
񽿺ã˵ĸо࣬˺ϸȡ֣ԽԽú⡣
ߴ˵ԻͰı־ˣҲû˵ʲôҲֻ֪ȥɡ
Ͼǲ𣬶ҺܿǹԶ󣬴о֮ûҪΪִ㡣
ǹߴֻǺЦҲ˵֮ʮְг֮С
ʱͨ£Ҫ档
ʲô£˵ɡɫϣʲô£Լ
£λС״̫ãǰղˣпܻһغ쬵ĿӲͷƤػ
С»𣿡
ԽԽˣһҲʶȤСҲҪţǶҩƶͦסûõķҲãһ˶ѣٲһˡ
ᴨҪȥһ¼Ȼġߴȿڵֹ
Ȳ̸ĿǹԶ󣬹ôӲܣҺôϲĵտգɲôˡ
þãߴûƤˣЩëȻҲʲô˼ɻĺӡ
ʱͻȻڣľôҪΪѾҳϧңԣ
ûУˡߴЩƣôó۵ģһֱ˳ëۣ˵Լû˵֡
ᣬǲ˵۾ٿ
ߴҲ˵Щȥߴȥ
ǿһûκαʾʹһأС㣬˵žѸߵǰ棬·
ߵһƫԶ񣬽ȥһĺͳ棬һ㶼ûнµļܲ롣
ûиԹþƲﵽյķӣߴԹˣҲûʲôõķ
С㣬ЩǶԹˣûκЧʵһµ£϶а취
ߴЩ⣬ΪʲôҪԼͷͺöʲôôԸ⣬ǹߵģһζ˳š
ҽڰ֧ȥû˽¸˷Сʱ˲裬˵͸֮˵ġ
ӹװ˲ƿߴ̴˷£һԵż˵ͷСˣͺã
ǰֲҴԼߴﲻɰЦģôȻʾ̯ƿ˲赹
ĺͳʶģ̷ҩôʲȥͱж°ͣǿȥʹԼ°ҲЩʹ
һᣬպ˲٣ߴԲģһԿˣʱʱ˻ʪëι˺ˮȵȡ
ӪеȵòͷˣǶҩȥô
˲ǧĹƷԼҲʣ޼Ϊ˳ȥ
Щסȥҹߴ˹ˣЩŭͬʱкǲʣѣõôӣҲûôģ
ߴû뵽Щ죬ɭʣ֪ˣͱʲôûЩΡ
֪ôͣϾ˵۲ͬɴתƻ⣬ᴨӨӨƿͦ¶صģС磬ʵϸ塣
ϲ˿ԥ˵ϲˡ
һÿƿԹߴȻˣϸϸ棬˵⡣
֪ƿֵǣǸɶõ챦Գñ浤ҩʧκҩԣұһ޼֮˱˷Ϊ
һĵ°ģСһСİƿˣ˾Ϊ̤⣬ѵŭ˸ô죿
²ûзƿȵڹߴҲû⣬ֽ§ԼĻ͵˵ģչǣ˿϶£һȥɡ
áߴȷʵҪԼﷴԵЩ࣬Ӧˡ
صӪУ޺ϵĲ輸ѱ˳ȥҴ̷룬һжֻͷһֻһŴû
ԥſߴƳһº㣬ЩɬתȥȻʹӱס
ԼѣҰѣԾԾԡ
ˣҴ¶˯ߴæ˵Լ˵ˣϵͱסˡ
㡣ô˵Զ׼Щʧ䡣
˼粢ڴϣߴ˼Щң뵽һЩڵ
Լߵôô˯һ˭װ׵ģǹԶһôˣ
ҿӣԼмģʱϷĹԼ
ǹԶòǿҲùԵӣݲ̫󣬻֪ʲô

ţߴ˯ˣΪܵ˾ţƣ˯÷ǳﻹЩôѲ
ʱӴþãȻֽѵֻʣ¶ǶС£Աߵ̬§ԼĻ
˯еĹߴƺϢҲܵԱ߶ůůʶԼһɵİȫİ

 9 

һҹߴԼȻ§˻ֻϣԼϻֻ㣬ûһơ
ﲻͣĸԼֵ֣ܶĻԼֱܿȥͶ̥ˣҲҪһöûУû׼ΪԼ֣ӭܡ
ҪѧᵭЩ̬ⲻóȥҲԺദλ٣Լϰ߱ȽϺá
ͻȻߴ𣬡ˣðҰĦһֱۣһϣЩ顣
˵Ͱֱ۴³ͬʱһֻ̲סӯӯһյϸĦ˼£оָвͲˡ
ɫд˼ּ֣ߴЩεĸĦֱַۣһ㣬ĲԸĦ¡
ߴЩ۾ͣˣȻȲذһִֻԼŲߣַ˻ȥûЭ
ǸˣɫˣȻỹ̸·ߴϵ˵ŲܾĻᣬִ
Ҳû˵ʲôֻǴӱס㷢ķҷֻŵһɵĺζʱ鲻ô
ǰӦþܸϵأúúԡһˡ˵Щɿ־ò⣬סֱۡ
ߴĵЩЦԼҪŵģԼûϵ§һˣӦŵˣôڲŷһ
ϴ󣬹ߴר־ĳŷʢɿڵ緹ͻȻڣ񽿣úõĸңҲġ棬д˼ֳŵ˼
һᣬߴ͵ԼûϾȷ˭ĹԶڴӦˣǣʱǵҪñӣ
׾ٵķŹû׼͹Զ˫˫·ȥظһԧ죬Ǽֱǻ˲ôֲûӵˣô
ӦЩ죬ſܹߴȽ֣ʹʹСӵԼ׵֣ΪԼϧԼøĳ谮
ţС˼ҲͦɰģŭͳϨˣĵۣ֮ԸһЩ
ˣҲ㣬ǿ˵ḧ˹ߴԴһһ£ڸ˳ëһ
ȻԼһڶȤߴûжİֻСϼˣԺһỹȥ
ͺҪˣ̽Ե˵һ䣺ᴨһԼɡ
û˵ֱӰѹߴ󣬴㽫ԼĴϣЩܾա
·һ·ǵߴһûȣ͵Ļһ§סԼͶͱģҿûǿ㡣
ߴ΢˼£ûֵ˼ϣһ
˺þãʵǾЩ̲ס΢һƣ˭֪һƴϣҰһ㣬Ų㡣
ҲҪԱȥɡߴЩ꣬ûʲô
ˣ㶯ɡЭˣû֮һζ׾ϽС
һȸߴһ֣ٸõĳ飬󻶣
κ˶ԹߴзǷ֮룬һ뵽͸еǳŭ
ɹߴʵڲ֣һỻһˣȻҲӣʵǵ·̫һ㣬ȡ
ЩԳûܿסԼĿпСɾµĶʮӨףһҧȥͬʱ˫Ҳôء
ߴû뵽Ȼ⣬ɶˣƾ˼£ԼҪȰ裬ȴһ͵͵ƺߡ
ƺγѣֹԡ
ǻǷֿɡߴɫߺ˵˵ȴ˻ȥЩɻ󲻽⣬ͼʲôζܡ
û£Ҳˡ߰Ƶ˵ͬʱ˫ıס
һ·ûٷʲô£లµĵأߴ³ʱڷһ
ˣ糾͵һһҿջͶޣ˼Ϸɽصǣء
£С㣬ʲôˣѯʵ
ûпڵ˼ߴ˼һ£һӼźԲ㿴Ű죬ˣٵһ״
ڵȷڼ䣬ĺͳˣ밲
ºС㣬ڴ˸λ밲ףλ򸣽𰲡˵껹¹ͷ
ߴһһ㶵ģҪô𣬻Ҫ¹ͷ
ȻûиͶûʲô仯֪ûЩʱ
ЩܲЭòɲԼһ쵽˿ͷ밲¹ʧϣǰֻˡ
ȥɡ˵
ˡ˵공Ͽͷˡ
ԥһ£ɨһۺЩĵĿߴڳε¹ͷȸˡ
һᣬߴ˶ˣûüʼ״أ
ոҲûʲô£ֻδĺͳ򣬼ǲ뿪ģ˵ҲûūڳǸӣ뿪ɡ
ǹߴֱ˵Ŀڣᴨһӣ˰ɣҲֻǹӶϵ
ԡͣһ£̬ص˵ڼģкδ㣿ôһ׼
̬ȣߴҶʲôʲô㣬ҵūͣȻ
֪Ҳ˼ˣȵ˾ǣҸ㲦ū澣ɲܾòˣ֮Ҳһ
ߴȻЩ⣬òˣԼһԵЩ֪ôǿӦˣУ˵㡣
һĹһ̽һ̵Ĳ˱кЩ˹ߴû˵ˡ
ЩһһԹζͦģԾ¶һЦ⡣
ˣˣдЩֺú԰ڵζϲʳĻҸкüվ˵ʱҲ㣬רŸˣȻĳҲʹ
õģллߴûоܾȻ֪Լ˾ǣ᲻
һʳߴ¥ԡȥˣȥ˸ڡ
ϴһʱ˽ߴһʱסԼؿڣˮӣҺϴǻ裬ʲô塣
Ȼߴּһ϶˹ȥͺˣջ£ЩɬͬʱϾԼˡ
ľٶ˳ϣץţüһ¹

 10 

ߴҲˣķˢ̬Ǳ̬
˭ܸ˱̬ô
̬ѾԼָô
ҺпҪԱ̬ô
̬ͼմԼı˸ôȣ
Ѿ̬ȫλ˻
ͱ̬ദԼǲҲˣ

ûʲôӦԾǰ˼ߴγѣ̬£æҸǡ
˵ͽԼĶǶ˹ȥԭһͣӵˡ
ҲĽĶǶصԼȻˡ
ߴôһˣڣѵΪ͵Լϴ裬ѵã
˰죬벻ͨͲˣë壬Ȼ㵽㴩ѣͻȻ뵽ǰ˨ˣôģ
˼ţ϶ʱȥ¶˴󲿷ּĹߴЩڸ촽
Ҹ׼һȹոǸˡ˵ͬʱ۾ĿתĶ´̲ס
ߴͿˣûӾ͸һƣﻹܻ̬ҹԶ㣡
󿴵һİӡЩˣźϺϣջǱˣҲ֪ô͡
ЩˣûԼһᰤһƣûӣҲûȻߴһơ
ţɫԽԽѿַĸܣݺݵס󣬡ǲҪˣֱ˵ǣҰ㡣
һҪһ̹ĵĽѵסʲôʲôʡһ첻֪Լͷȥ
ߴ࣬ǺЦ־ּ֮£޵滨ģˮ
޵ĳŭҲȥ˴룬Լûأл˷ܺϧ֮飬㵹Ƕֺңʱ֪ˡ
ߴ̬࣬ȴͶͱ§סխԼţƵĲ˲䡣
һ㶼ûƾܵ˼˫סȵСƤ˳ǵȻҧס촽Ϸſ
˺þãĿŹߴ׵촽Ȼע⵽ԴйͰ˱ı۰ϣߵ߽
Թڱңȥ˰賷˵ȥ룬ֽ΢ʰһ£˳ȥ
ڴϵĹߴˣ˷ˣҲˣظһ˳ȥˣϣᡣ
ûһᣬˣСΨΨŵŵĵͷͷʰãŵ˳ȥͷβû̧һͷ
˯ˣߵߣһĹߴ˵ʵŶ̶̵ʱ˯ˡ
۾װ˯Ĺߴ̽Ƶʶûб仯Լƭ
ΧһƬžס۵ĳ嶯ڸʲôҲ˻߻ڹ۲ŬԼѾ˯ˣĶ˼˿˯⡣
˯ԽԽŨҪ׹ʱߴͻȻܵһ˫ȵߣǻŲ뿪
ĺһ˲ͣһ£鲻Խ΢΢Ĳϲ֪˺ΣЩ׽ˣԼµĹȻû֪ʵ
˫־͸ӷһҲİŪѡ
ֻ֪ҪԼĿŵĴװûѹʹ˫֪Ͼװ˯ǰ
ȻĿΪߴûκηΪƺĬһֻļ尾ţȴԼᱡ
µĹߴΪΪӣ̲סͷȥĲһǺۣȻסĿҧ
ߴû뵽Ѿ֣Ȼ죬ĸܵԽȵ壬ԼãװһձŪѵӡ
ᴨڸ˵Ͱͷƿˣװ֪ʲô
㿴ȡ˵͵סС죬ҧҪ̳븹
ô޳ܣߴżˣɲھŮˣϾԶûȷأȻʮа˾ž
Ҳ⣬ӦҪȹһӣǲǹԶҲôз£׵֡
ʱϲˣˮḡŵЩʰͷϣ԰֪ô
ôһ룬ߴϱ˼ƾܣüܲʶȤͽ˫־ٵͷһ׸ģд˼˷ܡ
һ㣬𣬷ҪܣôԸźңԼôõˣȻ
ޣ̬˭Ը㣿ԼûôԸһͼǿռԼı̬
˵ŹߴȥһʱԱ˸ţѪ˳ʱŭӡ
湻ڵģΪôԽͷŭԽʢǵܵͷɡ
˲ѪǿҪӣԭû㣬ڸıˡ
ߴͿʼܿͱѹˣһ˶ͷ˺ˮҲʪܵġ
ͻȻһ㶯ûУһţʲôòӦЩɻĿƳһĮȻ¡
ʱʲôȥˣЩ˷ܣۣˣˣҲǻʲôû𣿡
ҲЩί˼£ĶǶС»úõϣԼǱߵӡ
ߴûֻһζᣬ˿˲һŨŨİͿɬ
ŵһҪ󣬻𣿡˵һ⿪˫ֵ
ߴƳһۣûͻȻһո˵Ļ𣿡
ȻЩϲ⣬û뵽ߴôԸԼˡ
չұ˵
һʱϣҲĴ˹ȥȻͱߴʹҧһ°ͣûҧһһӡյһѪӡ
㡭ЩܻԭΪҪԼһڡ
ҵҪѵƭҵģߴɫд˼־ǿЦһȻЦЦĿ
û𣿡ŭһûˣЩйϲԡ
Сһ˵ʵûôˣģôܣֻΪĺˮν
ȻִһĶ˵ҧһڰɣ
ߴҲûû꣬ҧ촽мʹ˷
оԼЩӰ쵽ˣôţϵĶȴûֺͣݺݵҧ˼ڣ촽ЩѪ죬Ƶ
ɫомֻ䣬ĵ׶˼⣬ʹżʹζļνһǡ
ҪЩ㣬󻶵̬Ĵ
ùߴһ˲뵽һֻɰСǹͷԼЩŵ̬
ʩ촽ĦȻķΪҲûһ˿ܵζ§סıסĸ

 11 

һᣬ˸ϣȻ§ߴҲֻǰſϡ
ô˯ˣߴŴϷı۰һ䣺Ƚ
һҹŹԹĹߴ˯ҲţֻЩעо㡣
ȹߴûжֶţͽһ繵ǣ˻бҪѱ͹̵ܽġ
ۿҪǹ߻ЦſڣЩˣһȥ緹ɡ
áȻЩԸҲûܾ˼Ǻòײʹ޾ɺãΪһӬͷСŭʵǲ㡣
ô˳ӣߴԼһҪŬѱˣԺܲԼǰҫ
ܵøһͷȻһûͷܲѱô죿
ǵģߴѾǲǹԶҪ˵ԳɹϾûҪһҪ͹Զһ
ϴ󣬹ߴصػϰȹȻ΢΢Ҳ⣬ûйһƬ⡣
ô컹٣ǵôӼһֱ͡
ᴹٲÿ𣿡ߴûش𣬷һԶ׼⡣
һ£漴˵Ȼÿһķ٣ֳſ˵ȻҴȥȹһЩΰɡ
ʵûһ㶼ӰߴòԵףر˰ɫĵޱȻ޿졣
ãġߴһ㶼ûоܾ˼Ըڣֵýܣɲ᲻мһˣֲҪ־롣
ߴһǰʱ˷׷׸̾ɲŮòһԣǲ̫ˣλϵȺۼЩԡ
ĿתĶŹߴƣЩ䣬סϸԼص֫ʾȨ
һ緹ߴżȥ˲ׯ
ǲׯһЩƺõĳ£ʣµĶǸָĲϣƣۡ
ᴨϵȹ𣿡
ߴЩɻǲׯĳԶԶԼϵİȹǲģģؾһҲׯ
ţġ룬ûȹǼû˶ġ
û׷ʣ˿ͬʱЩʧ䡣
ƹģﻹûϸáʽ¡幤ѵĳ£ߴżɽʡ
λˣ½⣬С⣬ǰĳ¡
ƹ΢һ£ϣ⼸˺źһЩҪ̵鷳Ŵ󼪡
ʵһ㣬ˣ͸ٻҷȹɣߴֱԲ˵ҲǼǿǿȥ
õģС㣬ϸһ10ӡƹȲߣû뵽֡
һ篴ȹòŮӴһѾ˽ÿƹ֮ǰеİٻҷȹˣʱŭա
ƹģӦȹҵģôˣ
ܵģⶼˣ㻹û˵û𡣡ƹЩΣ߶õ
ǲҪȹӣ֪֪ҵλŮͻȻìͷָߴ̬ȺţΪ߰ʵֻǸɵϵĸŮ
֪Ҳ֪ߴûӵ˻ǲҪȽϺãһ²һ£ȹӣҲҪˣ߰ɡ
ˣʲô̬ȣǽлʩңŮӴҲ磬ҺԼһɫﲻ̹
˵ʾѾȥߴӣȥƣúýѵѵ
ѾԥŲǰɲСûӣô˸ŵͨȲһļ֡
⻰ܲʹ죬ߴʲôһŰŮ߷ɣȻһɫ
ͰŮӺѾ߰Ůﻹڽ˵ЩĻҲĳһ
ƹ10ӣѴõİٻҷȹϣ£ôã
õص֪شɡ
һ˾ãʾ֤֪ؼæӭӣ֪кηԸ
ŮӺѾ󲻽ɪɪŮǿֻţΪʲôУŲӵĿͶߴС˲á
ȼ˾ȻҳײҼҵ£ôӦ
ǣ¹ס֪˵Ϊ˱ͬ飬ԶָŮӺѾͷһ˼ƣ˭ǵĹȻð£
Ըȥˣ̡
ߴԥһᣬյߵ˵Ѿͷͷһɣʲôû
Цָӣʲô
Ķһˣ˵һȥúź㣡
Ҳ֪뵽ʲôɫЩǺ죬ЩȻ󿪿ڶ֪˵Ѿͷͷ˰ɡ
֪صͷǣ̵ֻŮӣ˫Թ޵ĿߴˣΪʲôֻϷŹСȴϷŹ
ùߴü֪ؼˣӦúúñһͷԸֱۣҺͣ
۽ŮӰϣȹѵ㣬ðβһȥƤһֱûϢ
ߴȥȣüʲôҲû˵ֻˣȥΰɣˡ
Ȼһһҹģܴ¥ԣ¥ܵྩεĿʽǳӱ¡
ߴȥѡ˺ܶΣȫˣЩҶҪˡ
£ǵˡС档
һ˿Σԭγ̫ãǮˣһôΣӡ
ԼɲǰʹָȥǮ
Լָժֵݸߴּۿˡ
ӣֱ˵ǣЩҲûرϲ
ߴӸǮҲˣˡ
ƹģǰѿȸҡͰ˿˫ԭؿȻע⵽Щ֣رӡ
õֺȲָߴϣţͦģϲϲ
ߴԼ񿴵СβҡڣҲͲոˣȻһЦţͦϲģã
ϸֳֵ⣬֪һϲģȻϲ̵§Źߴȥˡ
һ·˴ΣһĿ࣬û뵽ĵ£
÷ʱߴҲûͣҵһһڵĻιţ˸оԼԹͳԱˣû˼Էˡ

 12 

ȳԵòˣߴ˵Ȼȥ¥ϣ˵Ҫúź㡣
ĳȵĸ˷䣬һƵڴϣѵ¡
۾ߴд˼˿Ŀ
Թˣ˷ܣԼľ·˺һֱ֫󵽼ӴĴϣȻò
һ䣬һ䣬ĻҾһڡߴǵ⡣
ʰɡͷ˼κˮɫǺȴ˼ֿͣӻмζ
ûйŮˣһԼĵ⡣
ûСʮּᶨ˵
ߴĻشһ£ǳֹܲ⣬͸һӲǡ
ˣڶܲΪ񣿡뵽ԼЩ񱣬ռͿЩǿңֻ߱
ԣҲȫ̶ŹߴҲĻش
ûһ˿ǿߴãں󣬺Ц˵Ȼû⡣
һ⣬Ժ󻹶Բǿˣ˵ߴЩŭͷݺݵҧ˼촽ЩѪ˲ɿ
ٳûлش𣬹һᣬŭʢĿĿ˵ˡ
˵ǲǼƤӣ¼֮ǰٰ˳ӣ㻹⣬ڵҸˣԺҲ̫ܶá
ߴһĶЦŭ̬չ̲ס䳰ȷ
ķڿ࣬ʲôû˵ĵЩΡ
ҲԼһעⳡ˵սɾҲǵһôˣֻ
ɫ磬ߴСһȥȹĿתĶ̲סһ٩ôÿ𣿡
ɫһʱŬסԼҪȥƫƫҲ̲סѹ¡
ߴһԼʧˣܲѧ书ĴڣЩڣӦƴòһʱʧǼ̤ϣҲ֪ôˣ
һֱǣôԾͳˣϣҪӡ֤Ǿ仰һʧǧźޣٻѰӦûصذɡ
ҴˣҺ¡ߴŬᣬʧܺЩΡ
ˣװˣҲ˽ʲôˡõģֻǴ㱧㡣ڻҲúһƽϡ
ߴûһҪ˵˼ͷҲûԼëëš
񽿣ҵ񽿣ҪƤٺһͺˡָЩϸ塣
ͱߴǳ鴤һ£һũļжãˣʱñɢɣ͵츣Լ
Ҿһ˵档˵ץһ£Ȼ§
ҵô죿ߴΪһϷӣ뿴ôԼĵѣһĵߣ۲һԼ̶̳Ρ
û뵽Ȼô޽ڲޣԼˣֻԼһ㣬ûûƤĶ˵㴦ãңҶܡ
ϽҰ´á˵ŹߴתȥЩߣôôҪˣ
ˡӱ§סߺС䣬֪ɬһйȻá
ͻȻߴʲôһҴææİٻҷȹóһϷʵ˵ȹӴϣҾͲƽˡ
ɫΪѣԼĶǳ⣬ЩȻͿһ̵ĴϽӹȹӣĴ㴩ϣߴ̶ٻҷȹ
ҿЦģ档ߴ˵һ۸ʵ˵ĸоûͻޣԼҲûп޵Ȥá
ĵһԭȥȡһأԲȡĻģڶԷֻԼѰġ
ʵҪӭϣϧұȡңҸеۡߴЩĿûʧҲԼԸ̬ԼӦøԸ衣
ûͱһΨһĵˡ˵עȻЩԼ˿ڡ
˵⣬§ס鲻Խίıİ⣬һˣ⣬Ը⡣
ϧߴԻ·Ҳ볣˲ͬԺûб򶯣ǵһҪҼ޸㿴ȷһģ
룬û߹ߴǲ˵ĵһҪ֪ԼпӹҪԼֱŤˣ֪ʲô
һ⣬֮һղ⣬˼֮Ҷʵдա˵·Ϊ㵹
ʫǺʫֻһ޳ܡı֮ˣеĲɣΣߴעˣ޲дһƪʫߣ뵽ԼŻա
¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼ˣûһʫܴ
ҼǵĻһ䣬ǾóʱڳĺĺǲӦñ־룬ʡóĺ֣鳤òˣߴһƿЦЦĿϲ档
ҹˣԹҶ֦ϧ֤ģ޷жǲһ˵Ц
ԼǾˣʶ®ɽĿֻԵڴɽУҶҲĲ𣬱ϾֻǶĶѣȴѡ
αأĭڽߴһ˱ˣ¶еĹִţڳȴ˴ˡ
ȵȣͻȻ뵽Լйʱȥδӻ˵ɫ¶־ơ
ɫһڣƵڴϣԼӸȥ뿪ңҸֻ
ԼҲǶһģټ飬ôܷߣѵ°뱲Լ¶
̫棬˭˵öأߴ§סθͦıֲ˲䣬Ե쳣ǡ
Ȼãɫˮ޳ĺ󾱣ɡ˵§ɻشϡ
˲֪ʱ˯ߣȹߴҪ͵ԼЦһ΢Цд˼ֳô㵨𣬵м־ѱָտɴ
ΪԼЦԭأߴ裬Ƶĸ٣ָҧ촽ĸӲϵĴ¡
Ⱥͼս¶˼̺ʹ֪òԼÿεȼȴ̯ӾƵˡ
ߴ̲ס˺üǣ˴ĿĵĺۼϼȫǺۣ⡣

 13 

ϴʱߴصػһǺڸǵ²ãȻר̸ԼϿ֬°һĺɫӡ
һ˿ЦЩɻվӷȻӡϴӡüʪëɾ
Ҳһ˯ɣߴ׺ݵвʮ̶ʱͰݵ
һֻСʨһצػأ³֣ɲͱ¥ˡ
УһĿɿڴ޿κεȻ̾˰ɣ
ߴмֲһʱԼͿĨ˿֬ȥǣͼû뵽ֶ˼ӡԵøǱ
ǣĳȣҲ˴ӡ£һѣȫ̶һ档
Ҵҹаɣ÷ζȤ
뵽ʱмȻζɲԳ£ԺĴ
ߴǰһ˵û𣿡
ʱſʼִУõģʱϹǹҹˡЦ
ǻʲôھȥɡߴҲڿջˣȲקˡ
˿ջţߴ֪ߣ鲻ԽĿԴ˺⣬鷳Ӧõһʱ뵽
ԸԳ§ŹߴȻ˵İƽݼȥûþ͵˰ƽݵҹС
ҹϣ廨ŵʲôУ辰ܵģñʵģ۽ģģҴģʱˮģɫСԵģȵȡ
ߴԾͻܸȤ̯λǰһ£һЯСӣӵ̯λǰһĬĬĸ
ףȻвߴһ汳ǳľĲЩ档
С㣬۹⣬˴ӺܽյһС˵ŻĿۡ
ɫЩˣԴӴţһֱȴƻȻδµļŽ֡
ߴĵ˵㿪۶٣
30ǮͺáһĿȻһòˣСƶˡ
ȻģչһЦ㡣˵ž͵ݹȥ30ͭ塣
˭֪СȻûȣͭ˵ϣƨæҵļǮߴЦû֦Ҳ
ӴǴĴˣҪҪүҳĺģһµĴӳڵϷߴȻȳûԼ
ŭһֹˣߴ뿴ӹܲ³ϸ˵
Ұÿʳһ뵹һ롣˵ӾȻͼմˡ
ߴ㵽󣬴ﻹţˣɶѽȻע⵽һ˵ĴڣƲߡ
һһѴסӵ˹ߴǰϢıϵһߡ
һŲϣݺݵѹ˼£ҵҲҵϷҪˣ
׵ĴɫĿ˹ߴһۣȻһûУġ
үСһ·Ҫ֪ˣһٸҲзǷ֮롣
һ㶼ûзŹԼ˼ߴԱ߿ϷӾˮ
ǸŮҵģϸ˵ԾǶˣһҪļӡ
ߴû뵽ӻô˵һʱ֮ûϷĬ˵ҲĬʵ
һ£ߴǰʹ˴ӼţϹߴ˵˵ĵңҲҪġ
Ȼʼᣬ˵һʱ䷴ĻᣬԼҪҪͣ
˵ҪҴĿ߳ŭǨŭˡ
ŭģһŽΣԸȥﲻˣȥҹѼҵ֤Ҳٿǰ
ȹߴӦһжѳ䶨ǰֻʣһˣǳǳһЦ˶ȥˣ
ûʲôȥѡɣ㲻Ǻϲ𣿡ޱ˵ȻͰקǸط
ſңʲôлܺú˵𣬷ǵҡߴܲһ㶼·ܡ
Ȼ뵽˸ոյ£ԼûнͣΪˣҽͰֻǺ˵ʲô˻ôܿϣ
ǲӣǲǾͿˣϾ϶һ˰̣ݺûϻʵ۵ıֵܻС
ĬŹߴߵͻ̯λǰµ˵ҪҪҰѡ
ߴΪ¾ȥˣͷȻһЦֱԳƵǻһЦΧ˷׷׵һҲ޵ˣ黺ࡣ
ˣԼ˵ŹߴһͷϣóգַˣԼԼͨͨһ飬ֻѡһɫҩ
ΧΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ˣһһ㣬ȻԹȫˣŮУԭǾͷϣԵø£Ҳ
ȻߴҲû⣬Ƕ˻˺þãѡӻǻȺǷӵϣ̯ܿλʣ޼
ᴨҴ⻨òÿߴ繵Ŀﲨ٣ǹǡ
ÿǳÿߴԵߵֻ˵ôƶԡ
ˣӣȥԵ㶫ɣҶˡߴûشȥʳ̯λϣ뼦˿档
˹ȻˣһͳԹˣߴǾȥ̯ϵһӸһ԰ɡ
ĳӸߴ˽֣ǳӡ⡢𻨸⡢˺ͱǺ«ţȻһһ
ʹҲûһ㲻߸˵ĸСԣд˼֮⣬ҪϲСԣǻص˸߼б㶹ƺ¿Щóԡ
ðŪҾУóˡߴٵ˵š
ţ˵ƻӻԻ͵ĵطＸȫֲҵҲӷ֣ԺȲ衢衢ֽ񣬻¥Ůӹǲ֡
ߴЩɫ뷨͸ɴఴ˼߰ɣûʲôġ
λѣôô˵֪֪лǳȻòߵλҲƵ棬صӷǳ꣬ǽһ޹ǣ֬ȳƣԣŶգ֣ۺʤһ
һ·Ļ̲ס˵ȥʱͱϵСݺݵһ٣һҲûĴ

 14 

񽿣ǧϣһӵĺܵ棿ҵŮ˹ɫǵȼ˸Ь䡣Щĵķ
ߴһᣬ񽿣ûǻн㻹Ǻ߰ɡ
ãСȤ˵һ䡣
ˣ㲻ù˼ɣûϣȼ˲ϧˡ˵Źߴ߽¥
¥𱻹ΪҳˣҴҸ棬ʾһơ
뻹ֻܿǻʼ˵ݣ˻ʼֻƽߣûáЯ¥´˾֪
ǰһż䡣˵ӹȥ10ӣҲҺ˵Ǯ뵽¥һ主ûʵİ
һᣬ𱻹˸˶һЩʵʱˮͱзζĸСԣūԥһ£үҪҪм˸輧Ⱦ죿
ãϽҹ˵˹ߴһۣûжŭͿˣȻ˾żٯٯĳˮ͵ġ
Ҳ֪˶ãȻһ˵ǳˣҵȽȵͷˡ
ǹߴɴ¥ȣΧϣм̨Ͽ
ֻһɫɴȹòŮӻһ¥̨һ޶ˣ赸ʱʱһۣ䣬֣ȫȼˡ
ԭ¥ĵĺͽｻһˣúñ֣ܲһɳȫˣסᣬٻֿɵá
ߴû׸ģֻע⵽ǽظ¶Сʹȫ¶ұɴʲôڵסûʲô
ע⵽ˣҲû⣬۵˶ȥˣۣҲΪԼǣͶͱݹϧ񣬷ԸȥȥˣԼµʿȱŮˡ
̨ȺԺһͷһɴȹõһ׸ŵӣ˽ߴû˯Եøĸ롣
ߣ߰ɣһȺӹ֬׷ۣûʲô˼ȥ͹ߴ̸˵ˣͷͰһѱṦ˻ȥ
û뵽ߴһµؾκģվվȣеŻ£˾Ͱ§ڻû֡
һᣬߴˣƿ̲סֵ㲻ãôܡ
ǣҵĴҲáСװģǸȻְ§ػ˺ܾá
ԡˡߴͻȻڵ
Ұȥˮ̽ӿ˵Ȼ˷䣬ߴԼĶ
ˮԺ󣬹ߴûгȥ˼˵˳ȥ˩ϻصذζŸˡ
ʲôûУŰĵˮԡ룬͵͵ķ˱ɢ裬ȻϣʵЩ⣬ļȷʵá
һʱ֮俴ʲôЧߴЩʧŶüӦܹԵĸƣ
ϴ˰ٻҷȹȻȥű߰γŷ˨һߣʱźţһʱͽˡ
ߴԤϣʲôû˵תϴ˯ͻȻŵ˴ߣߣ½ɡ
˵ߴʲôû˵֪ĬˣѵȹȻֹˡ
˵ͼæڣߣҰµĨغС£ϵ̫ˣҰ㻻ˣòã
ã¸ңԼͺá˵ߴһŰ߿ץס˽
룬ϵ廨Ьˣϵ࣬ȻڵǻȥˣҸЩ࣬Ⲽ̫ˡ
㣬ܲɿҵĽˣߴ˼£ȻĽŲϷſ
УӦҸ㻻¡˵Ľġ
ߴЩܲˣôôأȴ㲻ЦᶼˣͰ͵˵ţ֣ˣҺܡ
֪Ĳ仰ûҪǲֵͣġ˵ͬʱϵĶûͣһֱڸ
ߴ°գԼʵҴӦˣӦˣ֣
һ֣ͷرһѰק˻ȥ˱ҿ壬ø㻻˵ű˶Ƕ
ߴư͵ȥˣû뵽þã񲻴Ĩأ̲סڣ㲻˯ɣ
أƻᱻһ٣Լ࿴ۻ𣬼ҪӣϽԼؿͳĨϾ͸㴩
ߴˣȻŮ˴ĨزԼǰ±˲֪й
һ񣬹ߴԼĨصʱһĿ̣ͣûסһơ
ɫ֮һ⣬ºˣͶýˣҲ֪
ŭЦҲ㡣˵㿪ʼ㣬һʱѲֱӰ˺ˡ
Լϵ鲽ߴˣȻôԼϻͷϰëǲòԼ
ˣһ㣬Ұ㴩ϣҾͲƽϡ˵ִԼؿͳ㡣
һ㶼ȣϵİС´ˣú󣬹ߴ̲סüڿơ
ֻһҲˣؼǻڣȻۻȵĿԼ·ʲôûһⲼȷʵֱ
ʵǴŪ㣿ߴǴ¥õİɡ
ǲׯģҺ˵һƹøˣǷ֮ȤƷһĽ͵
ߴû뵽Ȼô˼ƹҪֶоԼҲһŶˣܻ֮˵һ䷴ôɴԼԼƣĻõȥ򣿡
⻰·ඥһ㣬Ȼ˵ãƺˣͿԽ
ߴôˣԺԼҲüˣػתֹҪԼɣ뷿ȤǲҪñ֪
룬ԼֲŮ죬ҲȥѧģֻҪӦˣô죬Ҫ˵㻰ԼҲô
ã뷿Ȥȷʵñ˲֡һ뵽Ժ쿴ô̲סĵ
Ȼһ⣬ߣŮ𣿡˵ڴĿ
һ룬ߴͺĴĻ룬˼ûѧᡣ˵Ų˼൱ֱ׳
ûϵһᡣ뻹ԼᣬôѧԼ첹
ѧһ´壬ѧʲô졣
ߴо˲ˣһ⣬Ů춼ᣬ˿öЩֺ
ˣԼµĻҲǲܴģϾҲһ˵㻰ˣͺˡ
죬̲סȥͬʱĴߡ
ߣ㼡ˡͻȻп
ôûߴԼļ
һĵط𣿡ĿĶ
ߴһʼûӦʲô˼ʱֻ޳ܣôһѰƿڱ˯ˡ
ʱ䲻ˣûһ£ǰ§ԼĻ˯Ҳ˺ܶ࣬оرġ

 15 

ԺˣֹߴûѣһĿҲ˯ŵʱԹԵ
ȹߴʱеЩ⣬ȻˣڴһᣬˣհѰٻҷȹãͻˡ
ߣǸӵѾˣһΪ̰ܻѾѺˣںõص֪ݸɣϣһӦûᱻоš
ûȹߴ׷Լȥ򣬾д˼佱ζ
ŶǾͺáߴɰͰ͵˵ţ¶ίʹչȥǡ
緹ʱߴͻȻһûˣԥһ£ʣȥˣ
û뵽żģЩ죬˵ҵһѺɽȻؾˡ
Ŷߴ̫ˣûм׷ʣҲùʣֻ¹Ĺ񣬲ò
ù緹󣬾ȥ·еһ֮ǰûܼʱϵֻ¶Ұ⡣
Ŀ㣬ߴ̾ĵտرãǿϧˡ
˵мֺڣԼû¸ǰἾģ֪ϲԴףܲϲԼǰἰˡ
ߣҵĳҲҸ㿾㳢ζ˵Ҳˣ㡣
ߴ룬ʹеιԣ죬ι㡣
һϿ㣬һ߳ιĿ㣬̫ˣڻķ̡
ۿιˣȻߴָͷҧסͷƺ顣
֪ԣ㶼㿾ˡ
㱻ˣߴܲѾŵ˵ζˣεʱֳԲˡ
Һȥץ㡣ЩΣúñһˣʹٿһΣŷѾûûõˡ
ˣͳֳɵİɣ鷳ˡߴɲٵȥˣԼûԱأӵĸоܡ
ðɡɫЩίߴһڣʱָ촽
ߴô˿ɲܹţʱôô죬һԵĳſ㣬԰ԼҲû
˷ɢʱȻ˵⸽һҰȪҪҪȥԡһ£
һ͵ô죿ߴĶˣһ˿ǡ
ģƾҵ书Բûһһغõġĳŵ
ãȥߴҲû᲻͵Լϴ裬þǵԣӣȥΡ
׼ߴȪԣΪû߿ϵʯͷһĶ
һ£ߴߴİһһŤŤȥȻ󻷱סԼĽ飬Ȫǰ̲סͷһۣͱһ§סˡ
ܵԼܲڣֲҺֻ§ԼſңҪˮˡ
˵ͱſˣߴϽȪУӳȥʱоĶˣֻҪ벻̫ȫʲôҲ
û뵽·Ҳˣʲô˵Ҫŵ𣿡
û£ͷԸȥǰѷԲʮȫΧ˵ˣұֻ֤С񶼷ɲʹˣĵ˵
ôСˣȥߴ̲ס
ôأҿ֮ˡ棬Ӧһ䣬ͼɫһѽ§㶼СˣҲʲôǶԲҵĳƺ˵̲סŵ
ߴоȥȻǹ߻ƿװί˵ǲǰҵɲŮˣԾûûֵĸ㡣
Ҿѣûھ㣬û֮ͬǰǲܹ֮ġˣɲԼ
ұʮߵľ룬ȻڲƭҡߴһԼҪû뵽ôס
ãҴӦ㡣˵Ȫһȥ
ô˳ߴ˵Ļŭţõϴ裬ͷϸĵĴϴһ飬žλ͵͵˱ɢ衣
˫ֳۣڰʯͷϣȪˮϴԼȪò֪ϦǺϦ
оݵòˣϰ㴩ʱİȹˣȻЩţܿ찲οԼӦߵģǹ򶨵ĽǶС´ϡ
ֵʱıһճԡͼ¹£һλγ졢߶̡ҫ紺ڵͤͤԼܿĽ۷ӯϸ֬۹壬һ京ŵĴһ
ĸ̾һ䣬ŮԡʱˮȻͼɴĽߴ§ָ˭˵㼡ϸ壬ǱӨ֬֡
ӰӰ´֮䣬аϮ鲻Խᣬһ˱ǶߣȻ㡣һλ˵ľɫˡ
ڹߴѻ̱ĵȻǳ˵ԼȪݾˣЩʡ
˺þãԼ⣬ˣߣ˸ТһЩŮӵΣҵȻȥ㡣Ҵȹӣһϡ
˵ɿվȣȻӸոնµİóɴɢȹҷȹϸϸѡ
ߴһ۾ͿˮɫмЩϵҷȹӹԼϴһɡ
ҷȹĹߴӵףˣȻ飬ΪԼ鷺ģϲһʥַӣҪ滨ò
Ȼô룬ûִУɲҰǼˣʱԼһɢô죬һϲ붼룬ġ
̬˵ߣô·Ⱥ𣬸ı࣬ȻĶ¡
ߴ֮ԱǣôûĲ£뻹ƭŨص֮ɫ
֪λش𣬾תƻ⣬ߣҴȥ꼻ʢɡ
ûӣߴЩ뷢Цôôɰ
ôţҲûߴڷܣаϲ꼻ˣлͣȻݴ
ߵʱ꼻ţɫ£¶˽ѩĻ꣬Ҳ֮ɫƮʡ
ߴͷһڣʱתЦȻԣɲǷһԵΪ֮
ͻϸǾޱ鲻Խ˼ʫ黭ʫʡ
ż꼻ҹ
꼻һֿǣһ˿
³⣬ٮ⡣⣬⡣
³⣬ٮˑ⡣⣬Đ⡣
³⣬ٮ⡣ز⣬Ĳ⡣
绨ƶˣ˼ĸΡ


 16 

عߴ§촽еסС졣
ţϥ£ϵ裬ĤԼ󲻲õŮ񣬿Ĵ
ߴûסĹƣͷˮİ˼£ƺĬˡ
ȥڲݵϣѹ¡
˵Щ£ѵȻͱߴֹˣ˰Σ֮µԼϣĸͷ
Ƭֹ̺ߴѾ˯ˣŵĸҷȹȻ󽫰ϵڱϣֻ°˻ȥ
ڴϵԹɵģĽ§ڻĵ˯ˡ
һҹȥҲûǿ£һ㹽Ƭ࣬ͬʱ˿㡣
ߴ𴲺󿴼ĳﲻмִ飬жô§סᴨãҺĶ
ûʲôıʾһڣĲˣ˵ͬʱĽɫĴ˼¡
ߴЩˣôãȻ˴ɷ羰£黹濴Ȼ̽ȹӣԼĴȡ
¶ֱŭߴһһһ˵ҪҪҸɴȹʹ죡
һ뵽Ļ棬ЩɫϣûǷߣǽϰɣڲ̫㡣
ߴûӳһ룬֪ʱ˵زʣȴ˼͵˯ϰɣԼȥɡ
˼ڶ㹽Ƭ࣬ζ̲סӿٶȳﲻ̾Ĳʲôû˵
ޱ飬Щ㷲ûʳѵƬ಻Ŀζָһ㣬ٳ㣬ζӦò
Ŀ㣬ߴ࣬϶Сʹһһ¾ȥˣҲǿ˯ˡ
һѽߴ§뻳ίȣߣҵĺߣĲó㶼ң
а۾ߴͻȻðһ뷨
ԹԵ˫ۣߴЩƤȻó֬ҰϻһСպǣţԼĳƷЦúܿġ
ˣˡ
ߴоǳ⣬֬ԺֻˮܲζһʱֻܶһԼ˾͸о졣
ɫЩɻ󣬹ߴ촽Ħ촽תעſмܣ̲ס˼ֶҧһν촽ҧƣĿʹмֻ䣬˷ܵĺ˺þá
ߣҵҩҪˣ
ǲôϾͦܵģؼºֻʣЩʹУҲҩһʱòˣҩûˡ
ǵһȥЩҩģҸһЩֹѪɢ˳Щҩӡ
ԶҩĹߴ˲Լռڵҩ﷽ӣ㵽ʱЩҩĺҩӣֹѪɢҪ˳һЩҩһԱʱ֮裬һ滹ǿԱ
ãû⡣ҺԼѾȡǮˣȻҪòǮˡ
뵽ЩһԾԾԵӣǼǰɣ˵껹۾
һڴ̬ߴЦһȻͲȥӶͷһ·ӣȫ̲
ϲҪϲǼ̲סϷ˭ȻˣС
߸ҵģҶϲ֪뵽ȥˣȻȫʼЩ١
״ߴˮɫѵȻԱߵϣҾڻǷֿȽϺá
һᣬͼ͵Ľ§ԼԼϣͷ˼ڣģ˵;㡣
ûӦͿʼһһĲӣ˴ƬƬġݮ֮ӣ֮ɫ
ߴ˿ûпܣ¸ĺ󱳡
ܵʵСһΪΪӣƺʲôᷴ
סջ󣬹ߴҲﲻסˣסĿҧ촽°ͺͲӣȻ£Լĳ谮Ե֮Ĳ繡
ǰһȺ˾͵ִһسǡ˺أһ̫¥ľ¥ſͣҪ¥ż䣬һЩƲˡ
żڳŵ̴ζٽֵοյ񻨴߰ߵϸ⣬װιɫ㣬ֲʧһԵôǡô
¥ͻȻرӵʹڵľˣߴƿӣͿŻĳ
Ⱥмһŵİﱻǿľ¿ϣ̧νʾڣһѺһþ̢һֶŪ
Ǵкãȫǲ֪ĸˡ
֪˲Ǹؼģƽϲз͵ĳҲ֮С
ֲظļ˾͸õõĳͷֻľ¿̫ˣӦľ¿
Ǳǿ׽ڴһ֮²Ÿ浽ٸ
˵˽¹˲ֹһˣ˾ɷļ˾͸Ρ
ȻỹҪڴھез֮غñ֣Ҫմǲݡ

ߴԺ󣬲һʣ͵з֮³ôңǼأ
§ĵϸϸ˵Ȼòȥ̺šѡһбŮᣬҲûŮ˳ͷأọ̃Ҳᱻ̡
Ļش𣬹ߴҲû⣬ϾִˣŮ˳͵Ҳָܵ
Ů˺и֮͵أ̫͵Ķ巶Χʲô
СԹʲôأֻҪ޷з򣬹ٸܲͷȥֻ֮͵Ůз֮Ƿʹиһ㶼Ҫ
ŶǹѸܲټޣߴͻȻ뵽ԼڵǹѸЩġ
ûĽֹѸټޣֻᳫѸؽڣһټ֮Աǣһټżʣټ֮ȻʢСƺЩ
ԹѸټʲôߴ̽һʲô̬ȣپҪҪ̹ס
ѸӦôһգΪɷؽڡ˵
ôִߴȰںôʱټ¡
ȻŵʱӦ䣬Щӣм˿ʧ䣬Ҳ֪òǹԶ

 17 

С緹ˣ˳ƵɫζȫߴȴЩʳζݲݵĳ˼ڣûٶˡ
ˣΪǱǼӰ飬һ˷׵Ĳл֪ʷ͵飬䵽³Ҳֱܹˡ
˵һѽ§Լϣߣιĸɣ̫¥֮һŨúȣر̲ø㲹һ塣
̲ס˼زȷʵúúòһСһ㣬ϵҲ࣬Щݹ⣬ڣٽ
˿üһ˫ϲϲĿĹߴֻͨ뵽浾ʱ罿ˮж硣
ϾҲǼϸ壬ȳƣȲҲݣ˺϶ȣ̬С
㿴أߴﲻˣ۾أճǰˣʲôС
ûģҾǾеݣúúһˡһĽ͵Ҫ֪ԼСҪԼˣǲҪΪá
ߴһòȻӣЩװǻƣȻʵ˾Ϳˣϡ
ǹߴһƿ˴ߣü۵Цһôҵث֣
ոյĻջȥЩŭڣԼϲ˾ȻԼųܣ̲ˡ
˵ȥĻ縲ˮգҾҪ˵Ǹث֣ߴӵ۵˵
⼸ĳ谮ߵ޷ˣҷǵִݻɣ
ҪȵͷϵĽ࣬͸ҶӲǱӣ۾۾ûҲ磬ԼĴ̣ǵűǷʰ
Ļߴ֮侲һ㶼ûоʧ룬óԼǰذףʺһ壬֮ص΢΢һЦһָͷݹҺġ
ҪǰذףһƱ֪евţ⿴飬ΪںԼΣʱͷŭɢȥ˴룬Ҳָ侲
һᣬڨЦҿЦˣõ档Լ᲻ģҲΪûõ
һ˵װ½ҹȥߴҲû˵ʲôϾԼڳȣ˺˵ģԺһ㣬ʱ̱侲ȽϺá
ȷʵû˵ԴԼ̶ȺܸߣЩˣŮĹŴûүݷϣ˵ʲôֱԲ䡣
ǹߴЦӯӯ˵˵ҪιҺĸ𣬻˵űߵ£һڴĿ
ûϷΪ֪ˣԹֺԼȻˡ
ãι㣬졣˵Ҩһ˴ιСһһ׵ģܿ켦ˡ
ߴȫ̺ϣʹڼβСİˮŪȹҲûŭ¶һ֮µģ˾ɰ
ҪҪһ룿²˵ôɶµѵһ
ˣҺȱˣٺҪŵˡߴ΢΢һЦȻίܾˡ
ðɡ¶ź
߰ɣȥҩĺӡߴ飬ΪӴˣйŮһңʱûȤȡ
ŶáЩʧ䣬Ӧȱġ
ȻһҲʱһȻǳڶκͶ书š
ǽ˺˴һһͬҩ̣ߴҪغ컨Ĳݡͷ̡˲Ρ֡¹סߡȵȣЩͷԣ䷽ôôϡŹ֣
ߣֹѪɢ䷽̫ԣ̲סһ䣬ɿüжҩˡ
ߴһۣû˵ȻװͶϣһ˵ô㵣ҵ䷽㣬úˡ
ɫмԹڨڨ˵ãã㶾Ҳá
ߴһˣⲻһ˵ǰŸߣҲȥˣ˵ܹȪ
ûĻ￼ЩҩӱȽϺãҪϾõҪϲ򵽵˺þã˾ߡ
˭֪Ҫҩӵʱ˼󣬹ߴ֪ҩ̸ӣҩļȫҰɼżԼ֡
ҩԺ̤ͬҩ̣ԸȥվϢȻһصһʱ֮侹ԡ
һᣬߴЩɵʵ¯ҩ𣿡
ڿˣо̫¥Ժе㲻ԼӦûʲôɣž˻ش𣬺ðŻع
ĵȴĻشһʱЩ˼ɰͰ͵˵УС
ŶǾͺáߴһûٿڵ˼
ھ˳Ĭ뿪ڴߴɫĮ;岻ûпڵĿԼȴȻҲҰ§Լ
˺þãǲĽ§·ʹƵģԼʶʱ򣬹ߴѾԼŭĿӡ
һݣƸ۵ȥʹҧѪҲ죬ԼͷҲ˽ȥͬʱ˫ֲסظ
ûãߴֻ֫ΪΪķݣη飬ҲӦô¡
ﲻͣáôôסòϷ趨
һϲ˫˺һͣ£ײҰ۸̫ݣͷԼˡ
ߣܺ˵˵ΪκȻˣܵøһɣ̷ǰ֪Լһ֪Ķˡ
ڴĿŹߴҪĴ͸ģǣͱ۸Լһԭˡ
ʲôֻҾͻȻ㣬ô򵥣ûɡ
ߴ˰죬ҲʲôʵɣŷԼСˣϲ˼֡
ɫмɶЩˣǼȻûʲôǼȰɡ˵ű㶯ֶ
룬ߴҲûƾܣԼͣҲûʧʲôԼҲмܡ
ˣǾҰһطפ
󣬹ߴȲصӪʡ
ɫмּ˷ܣߴҲûȥܣֱ˵ҩġ¯ҩңҽҪҩ
ЩʧΪԼңҲûܾ˼˸ù˵߳ӪʷԸȥ
µºһ˴󲿷ҩģиɸɾ¯ҩѾϴˣֱʹá
ˣȥɡϵ˵
ǿûãһЦĴյߴԣߣҸջɡ
ߴûܾȻͿ˸߲ҵĿʼżһûҩķȥء
Ŷ֪ˣģҲﵹæġ˵

 18 

ҹˣѸ߸߹𣬹ߴڰҩﶼˣ۵ͷ󺹣ǰӸˣ
ЩܳĿİͰ͵˵࣬һ㶼ֻ࣬Ҫҵĺþ͹ˡ
ǹߴ߶չһЦüЩǵ˵һˮϴһӣô˻ˮ𣿡
һһЦĶѣУһῴ΢΢ŭ飬һ߸̾˶ŭôÿһ߲Ļش𣬡õģû˯ǲ˯ġ
˵ԸЩˮ˲ϴ
Ȳϴ꣬Ĵӱ§סְסߣҰɡ
ߴ΢˼ûܾӹԼеëȻ͸ܵŰæ壬ĳԼȻʰ
ϴߴȻص˴ϣҪһѰӵ˵ϣ˵˯ϣҼһ顣
סˣߴЦЦ˵ôֱ˵˯ϡ
ˣ˯ϡɫڵ˵ж಻ԸԸԼ˯ϣҲ˯һ
ҹʱߴȻجΣجΣմһجоѣ׹һ
μԼڼָףּĲֳģֿʼټһ飬Ȼһһظ
ͻȻԼָͷѪܵģſָ׼ˣͣȴԼƲԼΪ
ܿʶԼΣΪһʹûУξȴ
ò״ֹļָнѣȻһĲ֪ĵطȻ޷Լʶ
ʶһŮѣʶһѣĺܺãȻŮѰѹˣ뿪ˡ
ʶѣܿһ䵽ȥΪΧһȺ˶ͷ㣬ָֻţҪǵ˼ࡣ
ҪǱ粵۵ʱһ˫Ȼӱסƺ˵ҵˣֻһˡ

ͬʱ˶Ȼ˯ŵҹǵ͵͵ƺøƺǴϵĹߴġ
߹ȥֻüͷɫѿͷһֱðĺ黬䵽ķ䣬ֽŻ΢Ȼһʱˡ
ע⵽˯ûѹֻʣ϶˯òˣ˵ȹӰǵһᣬû¡
Ȼɫ룬ѹɵ󣬴ӱסвͣߣߣѡ
ûãߴشجоѣһ亹ɫЩ԰ףŻ֮ȥĽļ£Ʋסƴ۽ǲԾЩʪ
ȻŲԼ˱ڻһڵ¯һӱԼò£Ҳ֪
ǹߴƿı˻ļһȻû·ҺһȫǺ
ע⵽Լֻ˶ǶС£ȹӲɣּлᴨôԳ룬֪Ҷ
ߣһ㣬Ҳ䣬ȻҿܿƲסԼͺ㹲ɽ˵Ķ䣬ЩԾԾԡ
⻰ߴЩηηţҲ˯Դ󷢣ǿԼɽꡣ
˯ɣԹԵģҾ㡣˵ǵıǼ⣬ĸͷ
۾ߴΪԼ˯ţ˭֪ܿٴν磬ô˯þãҲ˯ˡ
ڶ죬ߴһǰ֧
ƻ§Լ緹
ߣʱ仹磬ٱһᡣ˯ʵ˵껹˲Դ
ȻҧˡߴƮƮв
ҵ㡣ڴı۾뻹еСɬһ˿Ρ
⸱ģҧгݵ˵Ҳˡ˵صѹȥһٿҧڳQĹһ
ǵòˣߴɿ죬촽Ѫ˿Щ˷ܵͬʱЩۣ´ȥõֹѪɢ
˵ֹѪɢȴǷĩ״ǳɫİ͸״ЩճŵĲҩ㡣
ߴװֹѪɢմҩд򿪣һĨ촽ϣͿĨĲԺ󣬾Ͱһжݸ˵øֹѪɢ
ܵ촽ʹһʧˣȡ֮һʸУںı÷˵ıˬ
ЩϲĽӹֹѪɢߣȻҿϵ˾ڲͬ
䷽Ҽ񵽵ģ㻹ǵһƷߴ̲ס˵ʵһ£ȻҩЧаա
⻰ЩˣһҲģֻһ
ߴ̲ס룬ôôɰأȥպ°ͣԼؿڣ˲Դ
ſ󣬹ߴǺ죬Ѫˣע⵽ողСһصζҲ˼ɬ㻹ȥ
εεоԼ̲סˣر˵һƸ꣬ǵĸܣѡȥȥĺϴһˮ衣
˻ᣬߴƺõҩȫڳҩҩҩⶾҩҩҩɢ׷ɢֹʹɢֹѪɢ
λҽʥֵһҩĿ׿гЧҩɢɢҩͺûΪҩرϡ󣬶ҶҩҪ
ÿҩﶼһŽԼĿռִʣµ棬óⶾҩҩҩֹʹɢŵһߣ㽫⼸ͽķŻԼ
Լװ磬ߴͷղҡƺȹ壬˳ȥ
һ¶棬ͷˣߣ㲻緹Ͼͺˡ˵ͬʱϵĶûͣ˲ࡣ
ã㶯㡣˵Źߴˣ룬ϡ
Ȼã֪ˣԵһᣬˣҪҪι㣿
ιԼĸľߴԥľܾˣˣԼ
Ŷ㡣˵ţ
ˣߴ΢ˣһһЩҩ͸㣬ȻҴȥá
ϣϲ⣬ϲЩɷݹߣҺûϲ㡣
ţ֪ˡߴЦ˵
Ƭ̺ˣһСһСĺʱͷһֱôÿֲܵ㶢Ҹ
ɫɲͣˣҾ;ԼԱˡмֳԡ
⻰ߴתΪϲ㻹࿴Ժ󶼲óԷˣ˵ʱСŮ̬ԣżĶˡ
ǧĵֿƣȵ緹̲סһӪʣȻѹڴ¶⡣

 19 

ˣǻҪ·أûͣµ˼ߴæֹ
ȷҿϲý񹻵˼
̬ûסϷ
ûãߴ㺹죬ֻܷ͵͵ĴϢϸһմȾ˼˿⡣
ͻȻŵ˴ϴһɽƽʱΪŨҵ㣬̲סͷ˸飬ݺݵ˼ڡ
ߴʱϮˣһ˼Ȼ軹õġ
ôһߴоԼҲ̲ˣ΢ָһ͸һƣԽԽ̬ˣűȫŶŹ
ߣҸɫЩί
ſ¡ߴһҪúùܽһʡ뷭
ԹԵ˳ӣߴһֲûĴ£˫ʹĻβʹƺߣҲûһ˿Ź˼ֱԼ˲ͣ֡
붯Ŀ˵ţ㶯ſԶûУ
šһߴ´˵ҩĿ°һ㣬ֻβЩء
ĸҩȴһʹƺߣЩۡ
ͿĨԺ󣬹ߴİĦͼٵ㲻ʣûסֱִ
üʹֻ䣬ֹȴ֮£ֻҪģԼĸԸĽܡ
¸Ĩһҩ࣬ߴסмھε˵Բҹˡ
˵Ĳӣмֺõζ
޷һ㶼Ҫû¡
˵ͼʾСһ㶼£βսӴ齣Ӿ̱ãһͻʹҸס
ɫЩѿǺˣߴҲҶ˵ʲôԷֻ̼Ĭźڴſá
һᣬͻȻ˵г̲ܵҴǰ͵ִﾩǣһؾǻм£ٵˡ
ߴЩȻм£Ӧҹ̵ĸ·𣿻Լ̸˵һлѰ֡
룬ʲôû˵һ߳ŭԼô죿ڿ˻˲λô˽λã˭ȥ
ӯӯЦҷɡ
˵Ƿţôǹߴ§ڻӣһûһ˿岻ʡ
һӣֻſϣСҪùߴúһβҪ
ߴһ㶼û˶Ļһ㶼ֵСҪȻӦˡ
һֻֽ§һֻİĦβżһ㣬ͻǵһ촽գֻ°͡
г̷ǳ˳ǰ͵ִྩǺһ·ͨĵµıԺ
ԺǳģǰԺмùһƬï֣֮ܵ滨ݣѵʯ·֣뵽ˡͨĴľ
ȣߣɽСˮҩ¥ˮ䣬ǵ͹׺
һ·ߴһˮ鿣ûʵñǾ¶޵Ů룬ľϳ֡
ǽĶϽǰڷųľʯ鰸ľ°ڷ̵ĳ¯мһſĳľ輸滹ڷһܹݺһŹ٣Ա߻Ų˺ɻķŲػƿĴϼɫɴд࣬ɷǺÿ
ľһųľ齣Զһݳ޾ľβ̸Ž˫ɴᣵʹϴẒ́á
ǽϴĳľͰʽ衢ľ¼ܺͳľ³³˸ʽľȹͱɴΧֵģǳ
ұǽһŲĳľױ̨ڷοյѬ¯Ƕ۵ʽױϻĿΣԱ߻гľϴܣڷŸϴƷ衣
붼ŵ̴ζߴ黹ƽʲô˼˵Ҫʲô
ߣ֪ĸȻȥǰһ״˵ҲúðЯ¥ˣ޶ȣãҾûҸˣֻίסȱܱӣ֮ظ
Խ˵Խߣܿ侲ҵҹͲˡ
ߴʱ֪ˣһ·ҡеʱôûǵȴѵԼβˣͽСı˷֡
ǵ⣬ڶȥʣڱԺһ
˰Ѳ˶ͻӻ֣ȥɣﲻź򡣡
˶ߺ󣬹ߴ§ԼԼϣͻȻ뵽ϴ£ȻԡʱҪҪҰæ
áһ˿˺Ρ
ߴҲûԲʲôȨԼʱʲô㣬ô̬ɲ
ƳԷ˵ĿӴһ飬ǹߴ˵Ҫι԰ɡ˵žͽеĿͻȻõ
ûĬˣһЩԼϲԵķϸĵιԣȻʱʱιԼڣһٷ˳Եȫˣź˳ȥ
󣬹ߴԺǵ·Ͽľɫ滹ƻͨ뵽ƣʹͷû»
һȥ;ͬģôϲճԼƿܻ᲻ҲҪǹߴȥš
һᣬӣ˵ҸѾߣҸһѾߣǴӹģһóױ磬һóߴ壬һҴһˣٸȡ߸̣ԺǾѾߣ˵ٸ㡣
ãҾˡߴһᣬûоܾȻȵ˵õĶһ
˰ʱң˻صãߴ̴ľ£վ§Ȼ˺ѣ˿Ұ͸ߣǵӡ
л¶䣬ūСѺ˿ͬĻػ
Ժ㣬ī㡣ߴָһѣָһ˿
֪˶̶ֽܳΣһ仯ûС
ǣūлСī˵껹һͷ
ˣɡȻߴѾֲãܿӵĽɫ
ǰźãǾͿȥˡڷԸ
ûǵķԸǲߴ
ǣū澽ºСķԸ˵ī㹧ȥ
ûһᣬˮˣīһװˮˮͰѾߣһǰˮȥһ˲
ūǸˡ˵һȻȥˡ
£С㣬ҪˮһǣǾſڣūȸˡīҲȥˡ

 20 

ߴ³Ƕѡ˵ѣͻȻӱסߣһԡɡ
аȥɣҵȻߴ˵
һʱò˵ӣֱ˵˵Ѳˣѡϴúֱȥϣ¾͹ˡ
ҲԣߴŸɾ·ŵ¼ϣ·ʱͷ۷ŹĿԼģҸ
ԼŲѣѹˮϴ裬ҵ㡣
Ĳߴֻȥȹˮˣû뵽ʪˣϣ¶¶ģˡ
תȥߴǵ
Щίתȥߣ˵õİԡأҵβۣȥ
ߴˣ֪ô鷳ͲӦβںˣԼԼš
аɣϣתҰ걳енЩΡ
ЭزкˣþͺãʲôҲû˵Ȼϡ
֮շǳӴҲ̫ˣߴתƻ⡣
֮ǰԡʲôźģԼϴģʵ벻˵ʲô
Ѿźġʵ˵û뵽Ȼ⡣
ʲôѾźģҲԺԼԡߴЩˣ˱
̫ԸߴһЦһ£ԡʱԱкöźңҴ걳Ҵ£Ǽ˫֡
Ļȥǻ棬ʱԽԽڣһ䡰Ҳѿڶ
һɵ˵ԺǶԼԡ£ȵȣһԼϴ
Լᷢϴ𣿡ߴ顣
⣬档˼һЭˣȻ̫ñͷҲñܲЩҲԼ
֮һ仰˱־Ͷˡ
ûãԡϣߴԡͰ󣬽ʪˣҲû⣬ԹԵز壬ȻȫµĵǶ֮׵С¡
ߣȥϰɣ㻹ҪҩأѾ£Ͻѵ
ȥɣһµҩ˵ߴȥԼİĶȫһ飬պõպãӵӵ
·Ž³ηŽױ̨κУеӡҩƿȫŵβԴʣµһ鶼Ҫˡ
ߴ˼ȥһڸʲôôһ㶯ûУоһ㶼硣
һſΪʲô⣬ſԼϣĸһͷᴨôˣ
ߣҺѹԭҶһûУȻôôãЩԹĿһۡ
ߴ̲ס͡һЦСȻͿɫӰԹǻ˸ƣͷĶͷ촽
˰ɡͷǳЦһ
ҵĶˣҪ߼ױƴպá
ʱܺ˵͵ôߵԼҪ
һɣȰ˺ʰһ£ֱһƬǽ壬ҿɲŹҹ
ߴüŴǲ㡣
ŶãԺԡˣԺҽһأֱˮȥԡ⸽
˼ȻһȽ˷ѣҪġ
̫ˣǰ߰ɣǿ˵һʲôأ
ûڣߴϲ˵ˣᴨ÷һܴش¾ô
Ȼͷ˵ãͦãҾ˴ӿⷿѳľش¾
ҡҡڰβϵöīͽˣڴ߹µȺԸºС㣬кηԸ
Ƕʰɾ˳̧ߣԺ󶼲ҹˡĿ˵š
ǣū澽·Ը
ߴ֮Щ뷨
ʰȥԺָãβ
Щʲô˼İŪڳҪƣЩ߳ܡ
ԼԸߴĵõ˼㣬žβǼƣƺ˺ö²ͣ֡
ԺĿһȻЩҲ̶ãֲЩۡ
ߴβͿĨҩ࣬һʱûס˼ƣǼơ
βض񻯣Ѫˣȫֱӣһ̲סʹƺ
Լſţߴɵʳһ⣬ǲǷǳʹң
˸ôԼƴӦҲƵ뷨ǳڣԼûסĵıŰⷢй
ûУԼĸԸ㷢й壬û˿һһĽ͵
ôأԼȴӶԼһкҲӦеһʼûԼϷйŰ
ʹζԼߴҲⰵǴԼͬʱҲ취ôβ˺۵⡣
֮ǰڵҹʥᱻ˷βƣ³ֲãת֮䣬Լ˸ص˺ۡ
˼ڤ˺þãڿռСʹ󻹵ûĻӦûЧ
ǹߴһСԣЩģԼһһţ۲ʲôҩЧһ顣
ᴨ˶ſȻ۾˵
ˣᰮ촽ź˴˵ĽҺ֮ʣеСѸײڶ֮ιȥ
Ȼߴһ˲漴ԼǣȻܲʲô
Լ͵͵СԺ󣬹ߴҲЩоƽζ˾˯ˡ
һߴЩ飬󷢾ѾԼԣҲû⣬ǽȥˡ
ùź󣬹ߴīȥĲ¥ϢǶһߺȲԵģһġ
һ磬֪ĹڹԶѡϢ˽߰˰ˣСӣԼϸϸ˵
껣ǸӣǾӣڵεĹְ˵ǹӼƣǰ;һƬȫֱЧڵʵۣ
ݣϷĻˣϧ鲻רΪ˷ķ£ؼޣȴҡ
΢˼ߴͰųˣ˵һŮӹϵУһʱ뵽˳ٻ̣һС׻µô
ʧ꼰㣬òԼгٻ̣ЩϹϵ껡
ǿջҲˣ⻹ıúŮӣ֮÷СͿͷ϶»¡
ӽĪ֮游̫δˣŮӽ̣˫൱
ֻһֱһĲĪ֮ðĽѾãκα粻ϽͷԼԸȢΪޡ
ǵ֮ҵĸߴҲĪ֮ųˣû½֮¡
ҲǺᴨл򣬺Լ˵һûκ檣ҲûлԼ԰ߴûֹŮˡ
Ȼߴ֪ǰˣд˵ݺԸʶЯ¥ˣʼԱˡ
ӣһһλȨĴ󽫾϶һ̣û˼λĿܣʼѵвм߲üλ
ڼĻԴɽڽŵ裬ߴͶһ㶼ûŮȤʵǱϲԼ൱ˡ
ʵߴûҪôһˣѾ϶ĹԶ
ѼϢ˵ԼǹԶȷѡԼû⡣

 21 

ߴкϵͳϵͳ𣿡
֣ϵͳڡ
ǹԶ󣬶Բԣʮּᶨ
֣ϲ˳ȷĹԶ濪ܣøжֵΪ100Ǻøжȵȼ֡
ߴǰͻȻһ͸Ļ
0-9İ
10-19Ϥ
20-29
30-39
40-49Ķ
50-59ø
60-69Ľ
70-79ϲ
80-84
85-89Ӱ
90-94İ
95-99ֿ
100
֣øжȵȼֺ͹Զøжֵʱѯ
֣ÿﵽһøжȵȼϵͳԶΪ
֣Զøжֵ77ϲ׶ΣϵͳʾԶŽ
֣ϵͳԶʾԶøжȶֵ仯
һĸϵͳʾùߴЩȦȵȣ˵ĺøжȶˣ
֣Զøжֵ77
֮˳˼77ֿźܸߵӣպøжȻ֣Ƿǳϲĳ̶ȣԼŬȡﵽ80ĺøжȣٿδﵽ95ĺøжȡ
뵽95ֲ̫ԶߴĴīرԺˣһֱ
Ũ緹Ȼһͬ£ߣ֪ˣԭλ֣ڿֻίˡ
⻰ߴЦôɴҵҵˣ
ûԼңȻ֪ԼôܵޣȻ붼û͹ˡ
Լһִ˴ԽŴĹϷô붼ģȻǸԼڵԼҺ
ߣҪȡ֣ģ˵ֻһˣһı֤
Ҳ뵱ҡߴ̽һ䡣
ô㻹뵱ޣҾ֪㲻ʵֵˣֻƽգʵ̫ˣҲð֮Ȣ㡣㵱ҵңȻϲңʵʵŮˡ
ЩΣһеȥȢΪޣ˵ʲôãʵΨһŮˡ
һΪҵǿңҸ¹أĵɡ
ݱλ΢һ˾Ҫ¹򣬵ô˵
ңû˻ǿ¹򣬶ҲǸ𣬼ң෴ǻҪ¹򡣡
һһ㹼ô죿ߴ˵
һ죬Ҳģﶼܹò
˵ģڹٺ͹ϵ費˵뻯ҲƵϳͣ黭һ㣬Ҳõó֡
οҩҩҩͿռ䣬ֵҩȥǮɡ
ģϹеûġ˵
ߴ֪˵ʲôһʱ˳Ĭ
ˣ뿪ڵߣιҵĵҩҩЧͬѰȫˣҪжģȥ׸ʣ˵ͬҵĹ檡
檺𣬲檣ߴһΪȻӡ
ˣΪ˽е𣬡檵λ࣬һԺҲ˳µĸλ֡
һһߴ룬ʹҪ檣λܸһҲá
Эˣһʱ֮ЩţȷӦģЩϲ񣬡ߣһ͹ˣһףš
ߴ̲סһۣ˻ܷ⵽ȥ
ʲôҲû˵ֻװմҩƿȡģ˳ϴûͳȥļҩһ𶼸
ӹС༸ҩСŴҩƿҩţⶼʲôҩЧҩ
ùСһƿ㲻ǰùĵҩʣƿֱǽⶾҩҩֹʹɢҩˣҩˣϵ˼
ߴһһָ룬Щ죬ñײдϸԵơ
дԺͻȻӱסľش¾ǰ¾Ѿˣ㿴ϲϲ
Դһ£ߴ⣬˵ͷ˵ͦõģǲġ
ĺ⣬ĲӣʱͻȻĻ棬Ȼһ뷨Ժ˿ڴĵطƸꡣ
뿪󣬹ߴī㺰㣬ī㣬ǹһ¡
ū澸С밲֪СкηԸīڵϣǲ
һ·٣ͷٺˣī㣬ҽŮȼƶȡߴûлͷͿ˵
ǣū澽СԸ
ȻСĸߴ٣īվһϸĻػ
Ůλɸߵͣ檡檡檡ͨЩλ֣һޡ
ǹ檡檡檺ͨʲô𣿡
ߴҲ֪ԼĶԲԣǴƫȽϺá
СĻһǴٹ˵ŮһǼͨĹԱŮͨ˼ҵŮ檻ҪĶ䣬ֻ檣µŮֻ檣Ϸӡ潼ˡѾߣͨûֵ檡
һᣬߴͷۣȻ뵽ũҹѸݣͷ͸ˣˣīȥɡ
ǣū澸ˡ˵ī㹧ˡ
žӣߴַٿˣʱΣС㣬Ҹҡͱɺã
ߴͷһۣһķ࣬УͰ˵İ졣
С㣬ūˡվһ߿˵
ߵش¾ǰߴת˸Ȧգо⣬Ϳ˵ȥɡ
ǣū澸ˡ
Ҫʱߴ˵㣬Ҫ㡣
֪СкηԸ
Һ֪Чҵ˭ߴԼڱԺӦһĿʡϢͨɱΡ
īϵı֣ոԹ۲һˣ;쵽īʡ
ԸΪأźԼҲԸģһֱĵעⲢסԼϰϲãÿǰźһֱ΢΢ͷϸġ
Ҫīʵ֣Ȼóױ磬װ練īۣ˿֮ľ
¼ȻС㣬ȻСˣӦСΪȡ㲻˵š
ߴĻش𣬻⣬ͽʵīʲôҪ˵ʵ
¶һ˿Ϊѣһᶨ˵ȻСҪʵū澾ֱԲˣϣС㲻Ҫ֣ūΪī㲻ô֣ƺʸ֦ͷԵ´ڷǷ֮롣
ӦôߴЦЦûб̬һ⡣
СĻū澲֪СĺС𷣡æ
Ŷܹ𷣣˵һҲòοһ¡ߴһһ˵
СĻū㲻ֻǷǮվ졢ʳ޴𡣡ϲһ˿ҡ
аɣȥſڹʱظߴЦ˵
ū澶лС顣˵ȥſڹˡ

 22 

ߴЩˣûôշҲǣϾԼǰ;˭иñͷ
ˣȻеʱ䣬Ҳһɣٹ۲һʱա
һ룬ߴ滺ȥСһ˭֪һ˯ͷˡ
ѾһʱԺͷڴߣƺ˺ܾãɫЩ԰ס
С㣬ˣū澸С밲ע⵽ˣһʱͷ밲
ɣ֮ǰûдˣߴݸһЦмأмġ
С㣬ū澾ӦץסīİѱĹشãЧȡϵ˵
ߴ⵽еġǡԷ֪ȤҲΪ෴Ҫһͷһܵٸ棬Ӳʩ֮
²Ķְѽ˿«ݸһϲ㡣
ū澶лСʹ͡˵ֹͷ
ߴҲû˵ʲôԴ˱Ժһ쿴ǶͿͷϰˡ
ˣȥɣٽ㡣
˵ͬʱַ㣬Ȼߵľ輸Ĵ£Ƕ٣ƺ£һײ֪ӡ
ߴ˼׷ɣȻع϶ֹͣãû뵽߾ȻҲһλŮ
ŮҵҲͻᵯ٣ݣһϲͨǫ˵
ŶҲˣˣҰˣҵĹ檣͵ҴŰɡ
Ȼǳ˷ܣһѰ𣬽ڹߣҺøˣףô˵أ
ﲻ죬ߴҲûбֳ΢΢һЦҿĵ˵ˡ
˵Լ¶ţƵĲ˲䡣
Դǳãˮ㷢ߣģһڹλϴ̫á
ߴǻ˼˵ǲӦҲԶ˰ɣ
ˣīóݸ
ᴨˡߴӹŽպãԼ¡
ٯٯ§§˺þãŷԸϲˣ˺ܶˣ˵ҪúףһߴҲûͷϵ
ڷͻȻΪ檣ǼǵöҪݹֱ档
ūţū澣ϲ£ϲǷ׷׹һƬ
ܼңڳʹͰ10ֲ֡
ūţū澣л¶䣡
ˣʰɾȥɡڷԸ
ǣūţū澣·Ը
ʰú˵ūţū澣ˡ˵ǹ¿ͷˡ
ߣص󸸻׼㴩£δŽǻԼ򵥵İһ»񣬰ڸϯ˽°ݸءһ͵ӡ
ߴǿջЦ˵ãҺܸж
źøжֵʲôʱ8080ͻøжȣۿչ˳ϣҪֲ
⻰һѱߣҴȥԡɡ
ɵϣﶼû׼أߴǵЦһ䡣
ŶұȥáԺ󣬲Ը
û취ߴӣ뵽˲ŵ̫
ıϼѵѡѣƫƫңһֻЩʵߴһۣûвӣšһֱ
ߣûУҵȲˡɫЩ졣
Ͼͺˣҡ˵ŹߴͽԼѡõ˵ﱧڻˣ߰ɡ
һ·رϣİ£ҵȻ걳ô
ˣɡ
ߴʼ½һһĴ£Ŀתģǽζ
ҲûĿ⣬̤ԡأȻɵĿʼϴճ·ûһ
·󣬲ĵĴӱ§סûü˵Ͱһӡ
ߴһӿûˮʵʵģϧʹҲԸ֣ϵĶԽԽ̱һǵ͵͵ǳ
֣Զøжֵ79ϲ׶Σٽ
ϵͳͻȻ𣬹ߴģʶһˣע⵽֮㸺Ӵˣһƿ
ҡҷʱһģЩŭ𣬵ŭʢˣһ˵
ĵִȥңɹߴϴӦ֮£ͻȻ˵ˡ
öùŭŭɶ˵ºˣҽ˵ˣ˰ɡ
ߣҲģҸǸ
˵ر£ȻĽŸƣһ
ߴݺݵĲһţҲû⣬ĸࡣ
ߣұȥҩɡ
ԼĴһͰѹߴԷ
ﲻ泩ߴһ·϶ûͣҲ˵ֻһҧ
ȥҩˣﻹǲʹ죬ȥţʲô㶼һ£ҾͶͷһΡ
ԹԷˣߴЩ⣬ȻҩҪ֪ԿǿԼô棬ʱô죿
ҩЧһ̵ӣ̲ס͡
̲סڴŤӣһģߣҺܣң
㡣ߴЦЩŹ֡
ԣһϲĿߴһЦϺš
ȴֲңߴְˡ
Ūˡߴϲ˵š
ߣҡЩί
ùߴû뵽Ҫ§һ´һһˤϡ
ӵЩ˵ˤˤҪң㲻ְ
Ҵˣգмֺõζ
ˣҷȥԱЪšߴҲпԭԼñĹ
ŶллߣáЩж
ӣߴǳ£Ҳ˵ʲôãȻתʰ˴̡
ߴҡҡīٻ
ū澼º֪ºкηԸīʻ
ǰѵЩóȥϴɾٷŻ³²㡣ߴɫ΢ЩȻ
ǣū澽Ը˵ѱСıˡ
ߣǰðɡһ§ס˵
ߴû˵˳˼һɻ˴ϣֻǱ˯Ҳû˵ʲôӱ˯ˡ
ڶֺͺˣߴǵСŤɢˡ
ߣҪ׼һǵĻͲˡ֮ǰͻȻ˵ϻЩᡣ
ţ֪ˡߴЦӯӯ˵
ߺ󣬹ߴЦûˣ֪ô£Щģܵᷢʡ

 23 

ߴǵйķԷھѸӿƲɵľͷ֪ж֡
Ϥʱ򣬴ȥھɣƲ̬
˭ô񶾣ȻôԼ͹ߴЩأŹκһıͰףԼǼֵܿ϶Ҳˡ
ѩϼ˪ǣܸһֹũ
£ף򸣽𰲡ׯӹ¿ͷ밲
һԵĹܼңЩ˵ôʲô˶ǰ
ūôɵģ񻹲ʵܼҹ¿ͷ͵
ׯӹڵϻػҪɽŵļŮǼǼ޹εĹѸʲôɽˣ£Щһ֪ﻹм澵ĻҪǼһžͿηĵ±ǼڹȻ֪ıˡ
ܼҰׯеĻǰһɫԽԽʱ䡢صͳ඼Եϡ
ĿׯһۣȻһļ򣬷ԸС첢ӡ
ߴôҲԼˣֵõһһ
˵ᶼûӣɼŮϵܲ˵Ļдȷʵԡ
ҾģôŮҲĸףԼǵýѵһ
СűסѪģһϢׯӸȥҹߴʡ
ԺߴҡһֱЩأ˯žֻǶĿ
֣Զøжֵ65ڰĽ׶Ρ
ϵͳʾһȻ󵭶ˣֳ䶨ĸо
һֱֲԤУܾ÷֪Ѿˣ
룬øжȵô࣬϶ǹѸ©˷˭ɵģ
ߴ봩ԽԼìܳͻˣ٣гٻ̡̡Ī֪֮㲻㣬ϾԼֻûĴڨ
Ǽɽˡ
ŶǻһŮӣҲ֪ȥȺôˣ
ţһż˵ū澸밲ūҪ
˵ɡߴ侲˵
²ˣ浽ǹڵºҥԣ˵ǿ˷ĹѸ͵¹ɼ飬ϻı׷Ӧľ¿νʾڡ
⻰ߴ̬أתһ룬ԶɽԼģʲô£Īеͷϡ
ͷһ㻹ţͳ˵ɣûŭ
ǣū澶л䡣
Щǳߴ΢΢һЦģļٲˣٵ治ˣû¾û
ǣū澽̻塣
ʱͬʱĻߣ˵̫ˣֻЩ棬ЩǼ٣һʵһ¡
˵ַ꣬ԸСˣׯӵϣϲף
ɫ̫ÿм죬ߴŷӦӦԭׯӡ
ʵ˵ʲôô˵ģ
޹ˣ˵ŮˣͲŪԼʲôߴڿ˷ǲںġ
ǲǼ޹ˣйɷһѸǻǣٺŪҡǵ
ߴһƽ˵ǣֺαأж𣿡
˵ذͱׯһˣûɱˣԭйأԼҲݺݿһѡ
ҸýߴǸýأЩ׶
Ѿˣµֻйߴߴ˵һģɵĻαȥ²⡣
þöû˵Ȼһ˿ϣڷϡ
ʵԼˣתŪԼĸ飬ҪԼбŮˣȴйˡ
֣Զøжֵ58ںøн׶Ρ
ͻϵͳߴˣԭøжֵҪٽΪͽˡ
ʹڱԺúñ˼֮¾ʹա
û˵Ļˡ
ߴһ£Ǳˣ
̲ס²ۣ浱ϡʲô檣վգȫ޹ʹ
ԭأ㿪ڰοС㣬Ҫģﻹģֻһ򿴲˳Էڼʹ棬ҪίСһˡ
㲻õģҵҪ˭ίң۸ͷϣɱӺ
ߴ㣬ȻеٻǾοҼó˵
ǣū֪ˡ
ԼһţʱϾԼںһپ٣һ
ףīأߴܾʲôŲԭī㲻
СĻīǼӲԸźˣǧŭ
ЩǣīǴСڵߣм֣ǶܸӣˣʱǲӣӶô죿
ҲǸ㣬īѾˡߴЦ˵
ū澹ϲС㣬⴦Ǽˡĸ̾ȻЧȷľ
аɣȥ˺īߴݸһЦ
ǣū澽СԸ˵˸ͷȥˡ
˺ð죬㻹ߴЩżȥˣȻͿ㱻ī㰴Ȱơ
īﻹޣһ˷ĹѸʸ£ʶĿ˰ɣҿⱲӾˡ뵱ߺңǼҲԼʲôݣһˣôܰҵ
ߴǰһߵīϥǣ£ҷǵô㲻ɣ˭һˡ
ƺ·ϣߴóοչҼ˻Σ֪¸ҵûó
ǳһ¾̹һƬһֱͷģū澣ūţС
ڳīԼȥ10ӣī¡ߴڷԸ
ǣū澣ūţлС㿪Ȼ˷׷׹ȥ
תͷһһϲĿԼīңƺţҲţôһ͵ġ
㣬ȥӹīݺ졢100¡ߴڷԸ
ע⵽īӣһߵ䣬ʵʵţء
ū֪ˣСīƴĿͷ
ɣƺԼϣͬʱԼƣҾͿǿߴ˼һ˵
īǰһȲԼ˰ƣͬʱﲻͣԼ
īѾ쳣ףߴͿ˵ͣ°ɣҽͷһҼסʵ⼸ôд
ǣū澽С̻塣īװм˵
ߴһ˿Ц⣬˵㣬Ҳȥƻȥúóһ
ǣū澶лС䡣ȻЩ˷ܣĴī㼸ơ
ˣīȥɡߴ
ǣū澶лС㿪ū澸ˡ˵īȥ

 24 

С㣬ոտ簡ū澿˺ܽЦӯӯ˵
ãֻԭǵµˣ˵һҲðŪߡߴЩա
С㣬ūЩǣҲ֪ʲôʱתϲΪǡ
ȹ죬˴룬ٿôֽ⣿ߴɫʮ侲
ǣūС㡣һȵ˵
صһ鷿˰죬˼ңȰԽˡ
дһ۸ĸʣѼ֤ݣ֤ߴûйɼ飬ı׷ʶɷ֮¡
ͬʱԸԵԴͷ˭ңԼЩƲһһʱ
ٷԸһȥμ˵ĵطŪһԺ󣬴Ÿ㱨
ùٸֹҥԣüָﵽλ󣬵ߣͨͨץΣúýѵһ
˸ׯӴƣһСʱϢٿô
Ȼ鷿˰죬ûгԣԼǷŲ¹ߴﻹǵһԷ˯
һᣬ͵͵ȥʹṦغܷ㡣
û뵽һȥԡºܼһ۸ͬʱĬĬԺҲʱ
˰ȻûлرԺǶЩսս¹ߴͷϡ
ߴµĳͻȻڣ˭ģ
룺ˣˣǨŭˡ
ӱ󣬹밲ūżС㣬֪Скָʾ˵ӲͣĶ¡
ûʲôĲˮƽȻȥܼǶ5ӣ˵ġ
ߴȻһЦϣ⻰˵ڣǰ࣬ҲٵǨŭɫ
ūŶлСʹͣӹĿһͷ
ˣʰԺȥɣһȥԡšߴ˵ȥߡ
оԼˣͻԷϢһᣬȻһްٺȹȥԡ
ûˮߴϵͳ
֣Զøжֵ61ڰĽ׶Σٽ
ٽʲôѽԼʲôûʱҲʲô
˵涼¶Լʹȥ
ˣȹ죬ԼˣԴвķ
ϴĲˣߴһ裬һˮȽǳĵطţˮϻĸ塣
֣Զøжֵ63ڰĽ׶Σٽ
Щ֣ôģһǼøжȣԼͷԡ
֪ݶ͵ԡѾ͵˺ðˣϾ屻С
оԼЩ˯⣬ߴ£ط˯ݶܲĴ̼һͣķˡ
ݺڴŵĹߴһʱЩߣڶ̶ʱڶϰˣǹ̻¯£һʱ֮оеȻʧ
շת˺þã˯ˣȻҹʱˣںҹжһᣬŵԣ§
ǸܵϤһԼ꣬һʱЩѣƲסĽСǡ
߹ȻﻹģԼһԸʱЩĳȡ
֮ǰûоκһˣȻȥ
ȹߴ˿ûвһϴȻͷ
㣬ٰɣ㿴Ű죬Ҫ̫ҲҪ̫١ߴ黹ǲġ
ǣū澽СԸЦڵĿڡ
ͷ󣬹ߴͦµȹϣȹԭתһȦ㣬ô
һʱóԣǻظһᣬع̹ڵū֪С𷣡
ǷȻź÷ߴ˵
ǣū澶лС㿪м
һڱ˵ź³緹ߴһʱЩϰߣ£һȥԺĴߡ
ͻȻһѾ߼Ҵҵܵߴǰ£ū澸С밲ūҪС㡣
˵ߴЩ棬İѾ˵ʲô
СĻūҹʱīģ֮¸ȥȻһӽܣС԰ﲻ֪ܵ§§ƺ˵ʲô£˳̫Զūû
ˣ֪ˣ㻹ϵó˭𣿡
СĻֻҪūٴμӣū澾ϳ
Уȥ˽
ǣСԸ
飬˹֪ͣҪʲôʹͣ
СĻūСߣ˵衣
УҴӦˡ
ū澶лС䣬ū澸м㡣
Уȥɡ
ǣū澸ˡ
Ѿߺ󣬹ߴԭվһᣬתصá
ûãǷ׷ſڹһƬū澣ūţС밲֪СкηԸ
ī㣬˷С԰˽ᣬʵߴڵ˵
ɼǵ˵īڷǷ֮룬Ȼʸ֦ͷôῴһͨˣ
īһ£һ˿ţȻͷū֪ū澲Ӧú˽ᣬС㿪
֪ĲӾıʲô
ߴЩͷˣϣī㲻ҪҪ
СĻūֻǺ˽ᣬûıʲôīʲô˵
ƲԳԷƣ㣬Ѿ˽ɰظôãߴЦһ
СĻظ100¡һ˵
ߴ100ǻҪһ£ڷԸǾ50ɡ
ȥīĿӣľصĴβһīһҽУɼˣҲϡ
ī㣬ʵߴͱ˵˵
ū澾ֻ˽ᡣīӲ˵
ߴīǲƺĲһָŸܵѾߣȥһˣ˶Ұͷ̧
ǣū澣ūţСԸ
Ѿһϳˣָһӣ˵С㣬ūϳˣ
ܺãɣ㣬֪˽ḮѾʲôͷߴ¶һ˿Ц⡣
СĻ150¡㿪˵
û뵽ǻӾȻǸث֣⻰ڵһ߿ͷһġ
СūʲôԸ˵īǼ澸ūҪūŻɢҥԣŵºӸūţūһʱɫϣȴ£С㿪
ʲôҥԣߴЩɻ
һݵӣʱī㾹ȻЦЩ񣬡ˣ㲻֪Ҹ㣬ﹴŵ°ҹҹͼܻӵ£Ѿȥˣ͵ű´ɡ
ߴˣʲôʱҹҹˣˮ֮й

 25 

عɫĪƺи뷨ߴԴ˸֮һЦʲôû˵
50ˣīſڵһϢߴýż⹴°ͣҵĽֲģ϶ûк³ˣҰīιҩ͵Ҥһֱӿͣñߡ
īһߴסЬ׺ݺݵѹ˼£⣬ȥҤ°뱲ֻڽӿжȹˡ
ūС㿪ī㲻ͣĿͷ
ҲǿҪ֪㷸µŤ͹ٸ³Ҫң֮ǰҪ̣ܺܶѵ볢ҲԳȫ㡣
ߴһ˿м£Ҫге֪ˣȥˣ
㲻ú
ī˵ͱˣǵŭ˹ߴȿֺĴīӣͬʱѪģβ
ιīҩŪӣúһƽֺǺȥ
ǵī㱻͵ҤʱѾ֪ϺǱ˵
֮ԵľֹĽӿģǳʹֱ࣬һοˡ
ī㱻ߺ󣬹ߴѻιҩƫԶط˶Ƚţô˵Ҳīãī³ôңȥ
ȻߴɵĿѾһۣỹҪҪԼϾԼҲ֪ҥԾᵼʲô
ߴˣѾ߹ͷū澿Сū澣ū澸С㡣
Ͳī˵´𣿡
ū澲£ūС㼪ࡣ
УҾˡ
ū澶лС䣬ū澿С
Ժͽɡ
ǣū澶лС
ļ񡣡˵ߴͷϵϲȵ÷ݸ㡣
ū澶лСʹ͡һϲĽӹӡ
ˣȥɡߴԷСһ
ǣū澸ˡ˵ȥˡ
ĹߴԽȣһԼʪ͸ˣԼ֮ǰһҲ䡣
Ÿո6ѮԺûбã˵ǰ涨Ҫ7·ݲܿѣǽʮô
룬ߴҲĹأԼȹȫѵȻúڳ廨ȸԼȷРȡ
ģǻģŲΪƹأҪԼԼ
ȳķ磬ϵĺˣһϮߴ̲סȻ̾Ȼ
˯ɴ಻ǱӺˣôȣǱ˯ԼȻô죿
ǺҪϯ˵رˬϧԺĿⷿûʸȻǿ˸ԼⷿҲԣֻҪŭ
Ҫ˹ϵûôӲ϶ҲϰϯƶȻΪ˶ŭû׼ǰñ
ţߴһԼſϣȻ乵ıȷ磬ϧôã󱳴ٷ硣
ﲻͣĵƣûһңǶûȫڸǰıԼԼܿµ
֪Լĺ󱳴ⱻݶһţǰ羰ҲԼԼ¶˴룬ӳ
賿뿪ԺʱÿӹĳţֶԷҪɢߴҥԣĵİˡ
ԭ̿ڱԺİҲ£һ£ͱȥùߴ
һϣɱӺʡٷƵ¼һû书Ե㰲嵽ԣԼ
ߴòԭ뿪ˣ֮ǰ࿴ۣ˭֪Ȼ߲·ˣ۾ƿһ롣
˺þãߴЩˣʹ£ȥó緹ȻϢĻ
ߴȻĶڷԸ㣬ͳ˵һҪԱҶЩˮţ̣жһЩˡ
ֶ˵㣬ȥȡӡ
˵Լúڳ廨
ǣū澽СԸ
һͬ¿ͷȻ뿪ˣһȥ˳һȥԷ
С㣬С𣿡Ȼ㿪ʵ
С˵㣬õ˵ߴԼ˼ӡ
ǣū澽СԸһϻشһʹӡ
һᣬҲˣϻһУȻ򿪣С㣬ǳТĵģǷҪū澰̣
ߴͷһһѩѩ׵ţҬѩ⣬һ÷̶
ţϰɣ̶Ҳȣȥ˰ɡ
ǣū澽СԸлСʹ͡ػͬʱ¿ͷǣū澶лСʹ͡
İڳԥһ£С㣬ūӰɡ
㡣ߴûоְܾеȵݸ㡣
ǣū澶лС䡣˵ͽӹȣһͬվڹߴӡ
ǣߴһ˸ӣһ˷ϵĵģԼڸ㣬ȼ÷ǳ⡣
ȷϲɫȴЩĿզ࣬Ȼ36ȣԼһ˸Բꡣ
С㣬費ҪūŸˣźţ˳һ²ȣһܻС˹˵
ߴ΢΢һЦҲ˰ɡ
С㣬ǰ˱Ѽ׳ѼĨϽͣٽ񶡡ⶡȶӶƶӡϺסŴ׷ϵϣŽѼʱװ̣ŽǰõϺʡƬƬඹϽ͡Ѽԭ֭۳ȣͣѼϡūҳѼãŨ磬֭Ũζʣ˻ζС㣬ūŸһӳζɺã
ãȻǵó˵ߴЩڣû뵽ô࣬Լôá
ǣūŽСԸ
ԼѼ⣬ߴȲĳһڣڳԵˣװ
С㣬⣬ŨƤζʣūŸһӣɺã
ţҳһζ
С㣬ǽ֭Ƭײ̣ڸۣζūŸһӣɺã
ţá

С㣬ݥˬڣζкܺõЧūŸʢһ룬ɺã
ߴĬɫȻͬģС˾͸Сʢһ
ˣʲô֣ԺҪȵʱˡߴһЦӯӯ˵
ūŽūſСϲæ¿ͷ
ǺãԺͽмԡߴ΢˼һ£ϣԼ⡣
ǣūŶлСԸ߸˵Ļش
ˣȥɣ㡣ߴ˵Ϳʼ˷ˣԼûԱء
ǣūŸˡ˵Կһͷˡ
Ժ󣬹ߴǽվʳͻȻ뵽Լıû͹ȥһߣȥ𷣳ˣ
ǰԵԼЩ˲ԼĻһ£ҴԵԼЩ𣬳ոôˣһʱҲпԭ

 26 

ߴЩ֪Ǻã룬ͻȻ뵽˿ԱΪɷһΪ¸
ܵǰһϲĹ£ū澹ϲС㣬ﻹСģԸԺǰѣС㷿ȻͿϱˡ
⻰ߴмãӶԼеĵģ63ĺøжȲǼٵģԼǲӦͶұ
ǹߴ׼ǰжˣøô˲дʫ˵ʵʫдǩϡ
᲻᲻˲ԼʫܷϾֻհǰ˵ʫ䣬ɴûʫôҪԼʫأ
ͻȻ뵽ԼþûдëˣԷר־֣ҲˣҲķҡ
ע⵽㻹ڵϹţߴæڣϽɣԺˣûɡ
ǣū澶лС䡣м˵
㣬ȥЩīֽ⣬Ҫ֡ߴһƽ˵
ǣū澽СԸ˵߳ȥˡ
ߴǽվţоԼÿԳԺȺȣʲôҲɣʱô죿
ϲԼӣ˶϶ȣϸᣬȻԼ裬ǱĻǺбҪġ
ÿվӾ;ãϾ˭أȻԼҲۣ뿴ܿ
ߴ˼׷ɵʱͼѾ߽ˣһ裬һʳУǼѾ̧ű
ǼѱҸʵĵطúãͿˡǼѾ˵
㽫ʳзŵϣűߴǰʵС㣬ŵ
ͷ鰸԰ɣһҪ֣ԺͷŵҴߡߴһ²Żش
ǣū澽СԸһ˵
Ϊʲôֻһ裿ߴ̲סʵ
༸飬ͿԷÿ䶼ˣ죬ʱʮ㣬ͿյҲˡ
ɫЩΣһſڣСĻλ֣һѾˡ
ߴһ£λ֣ȻϷӦί˵ûû֣ʵûбϾͲˡ
̲ס̾ѹֹŴŮ˶λݣӲŸִҲ˶׬ǮϺӣûʲô
ЩԶ׷˲Եøܿɹ󣬶ʷﶼԼ㼣ʷ̱ϻŨīزʵһʡ
ԼˣⱲҲûʲô룬ΨһĿĺøжմﵽ95ԳɹȻ±Ͷ̥ˣһƽ
ߴĬ˺һᣬ̲סͷϴС㣬û°ɣūʧˣС𷣡
û£ɣ˵Ĳʵû㡣ߴôΪ·ûҪ
ǣū澶лС䡣˵ˣѱŵ鰸ԡ
С㣬ʳıǷҪʳãʳй򵽹ߴǰ
ŶǶ˵ϰɡ˵ߴ̴ľԵķϡ
ǣū澽СԸһ߻ظһ߽ʳıó
˺ܶˮƻ÷١㽶ϡϡ֦ۡӣңȵȣһЩţ̣ĵײٱ
ߴѹôһ룬ô뻹װôˮһڣ滹˷ۣһ˿
ȻһЦͨͨͰ32
ǣū澽СԸ˵ˡ
һᣬߴڳԱʱ̵ĻС㣬ū澲ȡϺõıīֽ⡣
㣬ôȥôãߴЩ̫ã벻ֱΪ˰ɡ
ū֪ˣС𷣡˵ž͹
ǲ˹Ϊ㣿ߴԼ˼ֱ˵˵
СĻûΪū澣෴ܼһūȥñīֽ⡣¶һ˿Ц⡣
ˣȥĥīɣҵȻߴҲȥܼʲô뷨
ǣū澽СԸűīֽȥ鰸ĥīˡ
ȹߴ꣬ȥǶһīûĥã̲סƿ㣬ɣԱ߸Ӿͺá
ǣū澽СԸȥȡɴ廨ͼȸӣѱȵϡ
ߴĥ˺þãĥīֶֻˣ뻹ǵѾ߸£Լ̫ˣϾԼ彿۵ˡ
ëմһīˮֽдһ֣̲סĸ̾Ǻñʺīֽдر
֮;ֹˮë֣ȫ鷨ЩȻԵõӡ
ʱ׾Թ϶ߴоһṦҪˣһԼһĳɹûԼǰһǿܹۡ
룬鷨һʱ߲ˮƽ¼ëֵǱȻջ񣬵ڼҪãûʱ
ҪдЩֵóò࣬Ƶɷ裬һǳɵдԼǩϡ
ܷͬʢȳԵòˣߴ˵㣬ͳһԺʳͰĲһı׼㡣
ǣū澽СԸ˵ȥ
˰ʱߴȥԡʱ㿪ˣС㣬ū澷һЩϣԡʱǷҪñϣ
ҲãһЩ˹ȥߴϴʱܳϼϣҪ̫Ⱑ
ǣū澽СԸ˵ȥȡϡ
ǹߴһѩȹűϵ㣬ء
ѱϷº󣬹ߴͿڣȥɣò㣬Ҳϲԡʱˡ
ǣū澽СԸͷ򰲺ˡ
ߴһһȥУĸԼͷžڳر߳˱ϡ
оԼԶˣĻ֣ᷢиֻӾӾӾӾӾַ
һͨͨݶ۵ףڸɫЩǺ졣
֣Զøжֵ66ڰĽ׶Σٽ
ͻϵͳʾߴӾȻˮ죬Ưˮϣ沨
֣Զøжֵ67ڰĽ׶Σٽ
¹ߴҲܺˣʲôÿϴʱǺøжȣܲ͵Լϴɡ
Ҳǲܣһ뷨ϴʱøжȻͻж͵Լϴ衣
ߴҲû˼ˣϽˮϹѩȹˣҲûǽѾ߰ʰ׵
صԷ˯£ҡҡͷ

 27 

ū澸С밲֪СкηԸܿͽˣڴ߹¡
˽ûпеĻߴЦſڡ
ū֪С𷣡ֻš
ԭͱԺй涨Ѿߺ˲ܿԷ˼磬⣬޴50£зȥ
ܶ˶˽͵͵Ϊʵûʲô֣ͷӴһֻ۱һֻۣ±ͱҲȥܡ
ɣûҾǽݡߴü˵
ǣū澽СԸ˵ڵϡ
ΪԼڴϣΪѾ߲ܶвĵط丩Ϊֹġ
ߴˣָߵĽ̤˵Ǿ̤ϰɡ
ǣū澶лС䡣¿ͷ˽̤ϡ
Ҹһʱú룬ʱ˭ĸã鴮ߴ΢΢һЦ
ǣū澽СԸлСʹֹ͡¿ͷؽ̤ϡ
ߴоʱˣͿ˵õĻھͿʼɣ˭
һۣȻ㿪ˣС㣬ūһǹڸǧƶİ顣һգƶǧС㣬˽һ͵͵˵⣬Լд¡û뵽ǧС㱻ˣԸЯ˽ƺ˽ΪΪһ£ٵү檡˽͵͵óףǧСԼ๫飬ƾٿԡ״ԪйʹС⣬Ҳ㿷֮ޣСӹƽޣѵõɣ˴Ӵ˹ϺҸ
⸻Сİ£ߴԼ˵Ĳ̲ס˵һ䣬⻹ѵɣ
СĻƸΪޣΪ檣СƽѾǸĶˣοһǹ̲סڽ͵
Ŷأߴﻹǲ㽲Ĺ¡
С㣬ūҪһòҵĹ¡ǰиò绨ĴãΪòһλүΪңүǳ谮Լ޶֮ϧþүزҪˣòҼеĻ񣬵Լûк³͹˼еү
˵ζĿ˹ߴһۣŽ˵үҲϲһ̧ңһ·ϿһѸ޼ޣԼĲҲزסϾйûӡ
̧ͷ˹ߴһۣŵͷ˵үװ̽һ£Լҵﳤ˷ڳȥȻǸظĸˣ˷Ұ⹶ϣүץ˸ţүĿߣҷźȻŤ͹ٸò³ǳҡ
˵ֱĿŹߴ۵׻ްùߴܲ졣
Ƴһۣǵ澣˭ĵӾȻò˰ңĹ޷ңҹȥ
С㣬ū澲ūûһⷽ˼ˡ
΢΢Щζ
ߴʱŭˣһ⣬һ㶼û飬оԼЩۣһɪɪ㡣
㣬100£顣ߴһһķԸ
ǣū澽СԸ˵ӡ
ƺ֪ΪΣû˶100ƻֹߵĶ˼ƣڼߴһֱĿš
ԭݶԹߴϴ𣬾һֱ͵Ҳû뿪ոˣŻǲһѾ߹ź
ˣסְɣȥ߲ҪѾߡߴ˵ɻشϡ
ǣū澽СԸū澸ˡ
ͷ򰲺Żȥˡ
ΧĵģڴϵĹߴ˯žһð˺ܶ뷨
һҪԹѸݼ޸лᴨѸôˣѸټ쾭塣
ҾʱңԺҲҪҷ
ҾͲţڵĻʵ۹ˣлᴨֵܻԺ֮¡
ԺˣһҪŮӵĵλŮӵĻԼһȨǿ˼ҡ
ᳫѸؽڣĳᳫѸټޡ

ţߴ˯ˣ˯״̬ŴݶŵĽ§ԼҲ磬Ȼǰ뿪ˡ
˯߲㣬ߴ𴲺ţֻطˣûþԺ˯ˡ
ٴᷢٵʱͻȻᵽС㣬͹һѾߣ˵ѡһ£Ѿˡ
ߴӾпмϲΪԼõӶеˡ
Цӯӯ˵ǸãһѾˡ
ǶԼͦĵģԼһи紵ݶǱ߾֪ˣʱӦ´ãʡԼ鷳
ԼӹˣҲйעԼһһ»мָж
ǣū澹ϲС㣬ϲС㣬ص³СšЦſڡ
ߴЦЦ߷ФˣڸԼ̽÷㣬ͷԽģһˣʲô
ū澶лСʹͣС͸ūʲôˣū澾ͳʲôжȵ˵
УǾͺʨͷɣȻóһˡ
ߴ룬Ѿ߻ʳһ㶼صģմζżһˣúóһء
ǣū澽СԸһЦ˵
ˣ˵Ѿأߴʵ
СĻǶվţǷҪū澰˺ãƽ˵
Уȥɡߴ˵
ǣū澽СԸ˵ȥſڰ˽еá
ߴ̴ľ£ŹڵϵѾߣǶͷ̧ϸơ
ǣū澽СԸ˵ѾǷ׷̧ͷʹۡ
ߴĳƫׯҪһཿοɰģѾͦϲġ
ȻһͱˣǼƻϲϱ仯Ⱥһ۾һӢˬԻѾߡ
ǸˮɫѵѾ߰ɡߴָѾ˵ζ
ū澶лС䣬С
Ժͽܾ㡣
ǣūлСܾ˵ͷ
㣬Ȼպܾ˵һҵϰߣˣɣ鷳ܼͻǵתм֮顣
˵ߴͻԷˣëš
δʱʱܾһ߽ȹߴеëʣһͬ£ū澸С밲Сˡ
ߴóһԭѾ1ˣԼ11ŵģѹֽԼ緹
ɣ֪ˡ˵ȥãܾ

 28 

˶󣬹ߴ̶˵ʨͷȥ԰ɣʱź򣬾ܾҲˡ
Ҳ֪Լûۣϣܾ㿿һ㣬Ҫ֮ǰīһ·ϣû
һж˳ߴ緹Щ˼飬Ȼܾ˵ЩĬԣĿɿ
ոն࿴һĸˣܾһӣȫһֱܰصҲԼ˵
ܾ㣬ʰһ£ȻȥЩļֽ
ߴǩ͸һһţϾԼдʫԻϼʣһССļˮī
ǣū澽СԸ˵ܾ͸ɴ뿪ˡ
ܾѼֽԺ󣬹ߴЩʧֽҪ֣Ҫд׵ģдʫ
뵽˳Լ򣬸ջ˾ɴ˿廨ȹͻȻͼԼˣȥֻܴڱԺ
룬ߴﺰ㣬ܾ㣬һ¡
ū澸С밲֪СкηԸܾ¿ͷ
ֽҲ⣬һ£˭ȥЩֽ˭ȥϸЩֽ
һ£ߴ˵ȥϵǸǵðѼԴϣôǸӣȫһ㣬ʹһȥĲ˵϶һȥ
˵ˣҪļֽҪ£кȣҪӲһģ׶һġˣЩҪ󣬻ʲô𣿡ߴ˵עˡ
ܾҡҡͷȻ㿪ڣСĻūûκʣСģūһס
Ǻãȥء
ߴ˵£ˣԭͻȻԼþûƻˣоЩۣʱҪָС
ܾʱһҲû˯ţֻǵţʲôҲɡ
ֱȥϴ裬ߴΪûԼԡʱ̽һ£û͵Լϴ衣
ѣԼסؿڣÿֲ˼ڰڼӭܣǰһ¶
ԡʱϴͷ󣬽˳ˮףųˮ棬ֵ˦˦ϵˮΣٽͷһ˦󱳣쳣ˡ
ճԡԵøģˮէйĴ֣͹ԸȻĶ
ϧ˰죬ûϵͳʾѵԼ´ˣû͵Լϴ衣
ݶȷʵñѪֱѪţǺøжȵȷûз仯ֻ˵ԺͰĳЩǷֿģŮˡ
صԷĹߴûж˯⣬ƣ鰸ԣǩϻʲôˮī
˰죬ԼǺõزдֽϣȫһЩ
ֻֽдţ÷һˮɻջӻĵ𻨡ɽ軨¼ž黨
дԺ󣬹ߴŻص˯
˰ҹϰΪĽ§˯ȥ뿪
󣬹ߴͲȽܾļֽѡ˴Ӵļֽ
ΪûɫʹŨأԵ̫ѤˮīȽϹŷϣݵţӵķʡ
һʱ䶼ֻſʼʽ˼żֽߴ12ˮīˣ鰸ɡ
ԡʱ򣬹ߴԼĻͷǳ̲סǳõ֮Ը߸
û뵽ͬһͽҲôһʼߴת澹˹ǺЩܲ˵Ķӡ
ֱҹֻһ§ס̲סǵĹ˹ıͷ˯
Ժ󣬴ֻʣ¹ߴһˣ󣬾˺þòϴ
ùźֽҪдʫ䡪ɽľľ֦˵֪˼飬дˮɻˮīļֽϡ
㣬ǩԺ󣬰͵Сߴ˵ȥţ
ǣū澽СԸϲ˵Ըغ͵̫֮ˡ
쵽ʱˣ㻹ûлߴЩżᷢʲô˰ɣ
֣Զøжֵ69ڰĽ׶Σٽ
ϵͳʾЩϲɫָֻܿƽ
û뵽ôø㶨һʫǺøжȣԼʫȫͳȥ֪Ƕ٣
ʱˣϻһӣū澸С밲ǵ¸СĻ񡣡
ߴһһ»˸Ѥ鱦üо̫ϲԼװ̫䡣
С㣬ū澰ȳϯҪʱóһϲ
ţȥɡߴҲû˵ԼĲϲ
źֻԷϾǶ࣬ӱһЩѩƷ
ҲıĶʣΪרŸÿŽȥʵıյóȥпЩߵĶѾ˽Լˡ
ߴżԼ⣬һЩʹ͸ܾ㡣
оԼЩˣǵոճźͱô˯ӰͣҶθҲãڴ٤
ݶˣǼû뵽ߴôãԺ𽵹ʱԶೢԼơ
֣Զøжֵ70ϲ׶Σٽ
Ե޹ʵǺøжȣߴе˾ռߣϾżʣҲֵԼټ֡
ڰβˣ֪Լ˯ͷˣóһ8ˡ
Ӧ٤ˣЩƣ
Ҵææĸȥţߴע⵽ζɿڵĲȻǸģԼΪİѷȻ߰ѷ˷Žһֱ¡
תһ룬ҲԣϾֻҪĲһ˶೤ʱ䣬Ϊ͵ɲ㡣
ȥԡú󣬹ߴϽɴ˯Ͽʾ11ˣ˯ݾúñԼļ
ڱɢѾֹͣˣҪǵһӲ̫ı仯˻ɣСķʻ괬
Ĺߴְ֪ҹ§˯Ȼǰ뿪
ڶ죬ߴһˮīļֽд¡лֱۣĪ޻֦
ܾ͹ȥԸԳϵͳʾ
֣Զøжֵ71ϲ׶Σٽ
һ䴿ľͷϡ
죬ߴĵˮīļֽдˡֻԵоһعˣʹ˼ĺ
һʱһԸԳϵͳʾ
֣Զøжֵ72ϲ׶Σٽ
Ļ֬﷢һԣҲֵĽ֮嵽ͷϡ
죬ߴɫĺƣҲ˼Ҳ˼дɽ軨ˮīļֽϡ
˰죬ûϵͳʾյĺͷҡ
ֵȣֱ˯ǰûøжʾЩʧЩȻô׹ԵĶʫһ·ͣǺøжȡ

 29 

죬ߴȻûзǩҲͼأǻǺøжȡ
˼¼ˮīļֽд¡ֻԸģ˼⡣
һøжûб仯ȻյĻһʯ
ױʱʹϣȻԼһûдϰߣԶȷʵܺÿ
죬ߴԸһˣͷ롣дˮīļֽϡ
еЩ⣬Щϲм˿ϵͳøжʾ
֣Զøжֵ73ϲ׶Σٽ
յֻϷõϵĽ˿ժֱ͸ܾ㣬һһ˭ҲۣȻѽȥ
죬ߴŹˮīļֽд¡첻ϣѾ˫˿ǧǧᡣҹҲδ¡
ֻյĻ񡪡֯ȣͦʵõġ
ڰ죬ߴа֪޾˥ɽ꣬ˮΪߣѩغϣ˸д÷ˮīļֽϡ
⣬øжûз仯Ҳ⡣
÷Ȼյǩص͵÷ʾ⡣
ھ죬ߴˮīļֽд¡Ǻֱ
û뵽ǾȻϵͳʾΪøжȲ
֣Զøжֵ74ϲ׶Σٽ
οշɷҡһһ仰ͬͬѨ
ߴ֪ʲôӦ˻Ҫһôȥô}أԶأ
ܾЩʤϲӣ˷ܵѣǺεٰԼӾȻܹãȻֻǵµһŵ
ʮ죬ߴӻˮīļֽд¡һ󡣡
˰죬ʲôûȵ
Щƣøжû仯ˣôûˣͲ˰ɣ
ʮһ죬ߴֻ籯ȡбȴģȴױ䡣дžջˮīļֽϡ
ϵͳʾϧҪġ
֣Զøжֵ73ϲ׶Ρ
ԼĲΪʲôᵹۺøжȣǲԼѡʫ⣿
ϸһߴЩˣʱԼֻʲôʫдȥˣûʫľں
ôʫָģԼˣҲƷĺ壬ѹֻήøжȣ
ǹߴź󣬾һǩ
Ŷž黨ˮīļֽд¡˲ˣֻˡ
˰ɣԼˣҲԼˡ
֪ԼˣϾÿ͵͵˯
ûãߴȵڴ෴Ľøжֽˡ
֣Զøжֵ71ϲ׶Ρ
Щ޷ܣ̲סʸϵͳϵͳȷûǺøж
֣ϵͳû
ںøжȶ٣ǲ̫Ըš
֣Զøжֵ71
˺һᣬߴʵ뿴첻ʺʫ֪Ͳˣװ׶øжȡ
⼸յߴʫһֱܺãŵȲʥּһȥһϲȲȥ
֮ǰҥԵ»ˣʵԵ飬ֶļӶУĶˡ
ÿӶٳ˸ͷҲ⣬ٺ꣬Ե͹Ѹ
ʵ۶ЩΣԼûܼ̳дˣԾԺ֮²֣ôϲǸѸķϣʲôҲû
ԼֵܵĽѵԼضˣʹ죬ļֵû¡
ڵҥʹȻ³ӲãӻںͷأʼҵҲǣʼҰǳصģ
ҥĳٻ˽̣֮˶ֿ
һֻ۱һֻ۵ΪԹۣλˣ֮λҲˣп֣ŬĻܹٸԭְ֮λ
Ʋ̱˷ˣһ˶ǣȫңͱǿȻ͸Īֻܴ֮ͨλϡ
õĪ֮ÿƾٿԣµۿ볯Ϊ٣ȥ100£ڸĴִУȫ˻ڳΧۡ
ڻʵۺеŮӣҲǵʱӹһ٣ûб֡
յĴţϢдȻǲߴǰׯӷŵԶ֮أԱһңûղּҲ
鵽ԶɽڴͼߴǴ峤峤һұץȥۣһ·ֵأʮڸ˰ء
ǾһκƽϢˣǸøߴʲôλݡ
ԭֻܵ檣ͨԼλ֣ɿʵ˼һ檣п檡
Ȼյ˹ߴʫоǳһȵ컹յʱһ󸸻ʣø͸䡣
ʵۿǵ¼˴ƵϴˣѸΪڶôֵķϣӦˡ
ʥּаѹһٿ䣬÷·еޣһɾ£صհ䲼
û죬Ϳǩдšһ󡣡
ȥôЩЩڵ˼ߴʲô˼ںͲĸһ㣿
ţ͵ʫ䣬װ׵ָıңȻˣлԹ
ԽԽίߴݣԼûƽϣ°˻ӴǹߴȻԼԹ
룬ԭɣϾԼ谮Ůˡ
˭֪һ䡰˲ˣֻˡ
ŭģԼֻһҲ˵
ǹߴ˺ĸ
С껣ȳӼģѵǼĪ֮
ԣппԶɽΣʱȢ˻˼շޡ
ԼγȣҲͬˣһԼôֵ£ѵߴ㸺׿ɶˡ
ԡʱʸףôʷˡ
ȹߴԡˮȻ˹ȥ֮ǰѵҩ
󣬾͸ܵһ˽Լ˫ֲסĸԼѹˮرߣӻˮ¡
ߴ̲סһ£ͷԼظͷ˭ʲô
Ҿ㼸⣬û˼һİ
ʰɡߴϵ鷳ɣҪԼԼĻܡ
˭˭İҧгݵʵ

 30 

ߴһ㶣Լȫһô⣬ȻоŭʳĻ˭
϶Լʫἰˡˡ⼸ʣҲֻ飬ϾԼû˼˰չ⻷
ǹߴ˵лᴨˣȻңҵţ
̬ӲʱЩˣһ뵽ԼĿֻһıҵˣôҲʲ
ǲҲΪûңȻô⣿
ѹ۵ߴͷϣһһֵָ
ߴŭЦҵ˲㣬Ǹ˲ɣ
⻰۾һһ£ߣ˵ģƭҵģ
ƭʲôһأߴЦһ
ߣĵҲ˵ҲǸϲʤ˵
鲻ԽĽߴת۵촽һǣȻͱҧѪ졣
ߣ̲ۡס
ߴ䳰ȷʱͻȻϵͳʾ
֣Զøжֵ75ϲ׶Σٽ
һ侲ǵԳͽһʡ´λô
ᴨ֫ǲʲôߴһ£Լȫ顣
ϸ˵͸Ѩ
ߴһϵˣʹѵһſڳرߣβ
һ׹ҪԼβ߳ܵͬʱЩĸԸ
ſˣߴĴβ10£ﻹ˵ţ´λ᲻ˣ
ߣ֪ˡС˵ţƺöˡ
ˣɡ˵ߴԹԵϴ衣
һᣬһ޷˵˵ߣɣܵס𲻴ҡ
ˣߴ֦ҲЦᶼЦˡ
˺þſ˵ôôɰأҾԼϲ㡣
ߣҲϲ㡣һ˵š
Ϊ֤Ļɲǣϵͳʾ
֣Զøжֵ77ϲ׶Σٽ
ǹߴչȥǣȻطҸҩ
õġ˵Ȼһֽӹеһ߶˵ߣҸ걳ɡ
ðߴһ㶼ûоܾ˼Ҳͷˡ
ùߴеȻȫ̶ûжֶţΪԶأһʧ䡣
ȵʱ򣬹ߴĿתĶԼԼȻڣмС
˻صԷ󣬹ߴŵĸҩȻӵ˯ˣ˯ǰܾԼʲô
һԼߣߴеЩ⣬ô
ߣҲӦί˵
ı飬ߴоԼһϿӾͲ˵ĸĺһʱԶԡ
һᣬŽ͵Ҳ˵㲻ӦΪӦ£뿪ˡ
˵£һԼʲô£ߣǸ㣬칬˻ּӽ˳
޲ѸµģߴֻϣӸԼϸŸ˵檣ʲôԺģ
ˣ˵ˣҰһᡣ
ߴڴϣǲ𴲵һ졣
һᣬڷͻȻ˴ߣҲϢȻṬˣڴǰּ𣿡
֪ˣϾ㶼ˡߴȣ˳Դš
оرˬȻһˣѵһߣžͺãҰ㴩ϴ
⻰ߴæھܾˣԼͺá
֪ԼҪʲô·ϴ󴩵Ŀһȹӣû׼ֱȹӸˣһ㶼ϲ졣
ȻˣȻҪģЩҲøӡ󣬵ǻȥʵ۸ʱû׼˵ûûʵ۶ӡҲԣһʡûʵԼ鷳
ϴ󣬹ߴ£ľ³ǰ򿪳ţеһ࣬˺þãѡױ֯ʰٻɵȹ
Ժһվӣһ߶˵ܾ㺰
ҡҡͷܾܿͽˣ¿ͷ񣬡ū澸ºС밲֪ºСкηԸ
㣬٣ͷһ㡣
ߴױ̨ǰ£˫עžԼ
˭֪ᵽһʱңҪһľʣߣŲλøңҪ
ȻľͦģǿǿߴǲԸֲûĵˣҪԼһ顣
߿ȥĵطһ飬֪֪Ӱͷģ
ͬʱһ
ˣԼķٻ֪ʲôʱأ
ûʲôӦܾʹʧɫĹ򵽵ϣūϢŭ
ߴһüŪĹһԼ;ܾ˳һ£ûô
㣬˭Ѿߣߴǵܲ
ܾˣ˳Ѿߣܹ
ǣū澽СԸ
ΨΨŵŵվǵ¡
ùߴû뵽ܾһ£Ҳվ鵹Դһ㡣
ߴƳһۣɫڳģҲ£Ͼϵͳûʾĺøжȵˡ
ᴨһüɺãߴͷȻһЦֽʯͻüëʵ˹ȥ
ԥһ£߹ȥסȻһ˿ĸߴü˰죬̲סüͷԽԽ
ˣߴæƿתȥվӣüëһ
ȻüëûţǺëëһĴüʲôô
ƺЩǸ޴˵ߣ´һŬʯ첻ã´졣
ߴһۣû˵ԼŲҪƷһһֱֲأ
ߵ裬ëմʪĲ˲Լüëڵĵطǲɾˣֻ۾Ϸһ顣
վӵʱ򣬹ߴϵĺӡܲ泩Լôˣ
ͷ߷߲ƽĵһۣ˵ôƮƮˣԼ뻺һգûϵü
㣬ҵĳٻûãùܺᴨʲô˼
ߴ̲˵ţҲûʲô飬ԴԼǸνϵĺӡ
ǣū澽СԸ
˵һȵߵߴȫעĸͷ
ˣߴ⣬ӿɽҲ֪˭ӡ
㣬근伸
ߴ㵢ˣʱҪױųų棬˳֪Լŵġ
СĻūҵū澽ˡ
ʲôʱˣ
СĻūһжСİš

 31 

Ӱϲʲôģ
ߴԥһ£⣬û뵽һͷ˼
ūС𷣡
ؿͷͷˣͷ
ûȹߴ˵ʲôһŵ˹ȥ澣ź򲻺ӣҪкã
һѪߴæڣˣᴨŭҶûô㣬ȷʵ£Ҿͷ㡭ʳ졣
̫ˣҾӦش50壬ԡһü˵
ᴨ첻Ǵõ𣿲˼Ѫͷһɣ˵ƽźͦĵģξһ⡣
ߴ룬ҵһ˵˳㿪
ˣᴨ˸ԺҪźأ
ֿһۺ󣬹ߴ¡
Уģ·Ҳٿ
һһ˵ţ˵껹쬵ĵһۣŵ̱ڵϡ
֪ˣģһúùܽģ·
ߴһֿ֤ܾ㣬ܾ㣬Ұѷ꣬Ȼ㸺ʳļලһڷᴨĲ㡣
ǣū澽СԸܾػ
㻺¹ãǣū澶лС䡣
˸ոյ£ܾһ㶼ûսսߴᷢ٣Դ˹ߴͦġ
ȳԺ󣬹ߴЩˣܾͷˮƽȫȲ㡣
ûôÿˣͷκϵİٻɵȹȫ䣬ҷϲžһգΪԼһöʥأ
ȻҲ۾ߣͷϵӺ˵㣬ҪõһЩ
ţ㡣
ߴ޳ɣʹ㽫ȫѡһЩʵĲȥ
С㣬ū澶ūһĻᣬū澼ᷢ١
㿴ò̫ÿ;ԼĻˣʧȥӵá
Уǽˡ
ߴζĿһۣ΢΢
ǣū澽СԸ
ϲ˲ϵѪ΢ӿ첽ȥϴһ֣ȻЩҴҵߵߴ󣬳ϻ̳ϿֵĸԼͷ
㣬㲻ôıһͺã㲻ٳ
ߴӾ￴ĽС΢̲סҪôš
ǣū澽С̻塣
ָֻֽŸЩϾѾ˷˲ʱ䡣
ۿٿˣߴһ£ǿˣ㣬ҴϲһΣΪʥּҪˡ
һ٣ûٴγͷϲ˵ϲϲūһѰļϲֲʧ棬ɡ
ôƽʱû𣿡ߴЦһ䡣
Ļū챿˵һֱòɣǾġ
˵Լһӣżߴͷ
˭ϲֻҪǲʵʣһƭˡ
ߴЩãһЩ𷣡
Сǳǣô𣬿ôҵķϣĳɽʳһɡ
ϲһſ˵ū澶л䡣˶
ûһᣬˣߴӴ͵󣬶ӧ׹ϴϽϷصزϾŷ˿Ρ
ڶͷĺӡߴһθԼĨ׵֬ڸǵˣ벻ģִü׹
Զֻɫ϶üͿ˾ƺɫ֬ϲһۣתȥһЦ
Ŀ˺þãŻعʾ֭Ŀ޹ߴߣѵüױΧƣֱǹݣƵϡ紺¡
컬࣬˵ҶͷĺӡԲۣߴ۲תƳһۡ
յٵ˿㶯һ㶼ۣްòҵ޾һʱ
ߴЩ˼ûѹȺĵزɣҲ֪ǵ歳ΣԴϷ磬ûôˡ
ͻȻһᴨ㻹ǵŮӣǸȹӵòŮӣĳʲôˮ׼
ӹ֬׷һҲ˵
㣬ܲشңҪܣúһ룬׳ô
ߴЩôԼֲϹŮòˣǲ֪˵ƽֵô
üֹ³֣ϵеϵȡ
ش𣬹ߴһϲԼȺޣûֳ
ߣҪҶȤһ⣬еļ˰ˡ
æ͵¹ߴ
ˣ˵ҪҪ
ߴע⵽ͷòÿܾĲʺϸͷԺԼױʱԲٲ֡
ãʱˣǻšھܾ
Ұ˳˵Źߴˡ
εԼͷϵңȻϣͷ˳
ᴨҰһ°ɡߴЩԾԾԡ
ðɡ
ЩģҲ֪ͷܲܺúõģôֲԤУ
ߴԼĶϷ΢һ£ϵ˵ᴨɡ
áŹˡ
ǣū澽Ը
һԹŵֻСĸ˳͵͵˿
ᴨȥŰɡߴЩˡ
һ¡
ߴͷŴһ£ڷֲԾĵطԭ廨ЬǾɵġ
ܾ㣬ȥ˫Ьϡ
ǣū澽·Ը
ܾȸ廨Ьߴϡ
ˣԼߴüھܾ
Լɽܲ˱Ľţһнųأ붼Ρ
ܾ㣬ȥ˰ŶҲȥɡͻȻôԸ
ѾߺȲһ廨ЬһֽߴƵϣúѵЬࡣ
ߣԺĽֻܿˣҲļˡ
Ŀ˵ͬʱץסĽѾḧš
ߴֲڵָţԼĽźǼ͵ĵ˵ͷҴӦˣҷſ
лᴨ湻Եģ˶ԸŹԼҪԼΪؽڣ
ȻҲûļˣϾʲô˶ϵģĿǰΪֹֻлᴨһ˼
ʹҵģҲܿġҪҲӢˣҾǿǿټޡ
˵ʱһֱڵѪһ뵽Ļͺۣ͹һˣˣһɡ
֣Զøжֵ78ϲ׶Σٽ

 32 

ߴûü˵øжʾһ£ӦѾһԹĿʱомֲ˼мֺЦ
ģ˵Բټˣ㿴žͲӣһ԰ͷϡ
˵ߴ°ͣ촽
ɿ촽ԼԵȫԼϵĿ̲֬סһЦᴨȥվӰɡ
ȻᣬȰЬഩáԥ˵
ߴٳûж֣һֱĽţԼĽԽԽоҪȥˡ
˵лᴨҪǸҵĽţԺͲҪҽˣ
ɫίĿߴߣҶûȻԼĽš
ûУǺġߴһһ˵š
֪ˣҾͿۡ
ֿ˼ۣĸߴ࣬ȸ廨Ь
ߣ߼ЬӺϲϽţ
Щ廨ЬϽţϾһܽ
ߴµ廨ЬһȦ·ǳʣ·Ҳӯȹڰڶ䲽
һһĹޣ鲻Խİٸн˵ĸж
֣Զøжֵ79ϲ׶Σٽ
ϵͳʾߴҲûͣһ£ֱȻԣþ˿մˮĸ˲ͣ˳Χһ¡
ˣһᣬҲһ´ױߴȻЦü䡣
ߣҲ֪һЦǡһЦǧЩʲ٣ߣҲԸ⣬ֻΪһЦĿ
ߴмɬᣬ֪ƶ죬Ҳˡ
˵תߣ㱻һ§ػߣߣҺ޲úΪһ壬ҪܱСҾ㣬ߵľʹġ
㲻ȥΣճһ飬һأ
ߴԼҪһ˽˿ռģյĴһ˭ܵ˰
ߣҵţҵһֱΪ˵ŵʱץס֣ŵϡ
ܵȻߴԭ˵ġٺŪˣ˵ĲŲʱ˵ڣЩĳпˡ
ע⵽ԽԽߴ̲ס˵ʲôᴨҶˣȥ֬
˵һƿȥױ̨ǰÿ֬ġһ鴽꣬»һһױ
߰ɣȥšߴ˵ǣ֣صʮָۡ
һᣬڰ·ϵʱ§ס§˻Цˡ
ߴҲû⣬ǰҲֵĿͣϲ§Լ§źˡ
߼б㶹ƺ¿ʱЩϲԭ㻹ǵãҶˡ
ҴӦģʲôʱû˵ԸЩģСһ׮쳢òóԣ
ÿֵĶ˼ӣŵߴ
һԵܾ㶼۾ɳû뵽Ҳôˮʱ򣬻ĸӼеġ
ˣˣҪټˡ
ۿװˣߴæڣ֪ĺòóԣ͸ô࣬Բ԰
һڣ̰֮ǰԺ뷨ˣóԣôôóԣ
ôҪҪټһ㣿˵
Ҫһ㡣
ߴеʳԺ˹˵ţŬάŶׯ
û˵һʱʱĬĬĸϼӣмסƫãϲľͶмΡ
ź󣬹ߴûüʱױʥּ͵ˡ
ʱطһ´ױܼҺ˾ͼҴҵĸϹūŸºС밲ū棬µʥּˣ̫ڴſںš
ߴɫЩЩҲֱӷԼԺſӣû˼˵Լ벹һױ
벻ױӦòɣȻᴨ϶˵ģ֪촽ûѪɫӣһʱҲûע⵽ѿ֬Թˡ
̫ԶԶһλѩòľɫӯӯŮʢΣΧƣ޻սҡ͵ְף÷һƻ꣬촽ѪɫҲĹԡ
ʥּѸϽּͷĴ̫Ц˵
ߴһ£ͱקһȥѹһƬ
Ͻּ
ߴ¿ɺãһҪþãĻһֳˣŴȻȨϡ
˻ʵۣگԻѸϣᣬ飬绪ľԳɣάݻòŻ磬һ֮Ͷϣ⣬֦ĲӼˣطΪ󰲷ؼظմˣ
ͷĴ̫Ц˵ϣͷл
л¡ꡣߴһ߿ͷһлĻš
Ӵ̫ӹʥּ˺ð졣
£ū澻£ȸˡ̫˸ָ˵
һ·ߺáޱ˵
ԱߵĹܼͶõ̫˼ӡ
£̫ˣū澸ˡ
̫żС̫ڵˡ
ߴȻ֪ԷǸ̫࣬ū澡ֻǲЩ׹
£ūȸˡܼҲԹɫ˵
ȹܼߺȲĴյߴߣߣôˣɫôѿ
ߴƽ˵岻̫ԡ
ұطСһ˵žͽһѱ
һ£ߴûоܾĺ⣬§סĲӣǾͷˡ
ͷͷúܡϲ̵˵
һ·Ƿ׷׻رܣ·ϲ۵ĵطͷ밲Ĵλӵĺ¡
һţߴҪֹˣߣ岻źɡ
ˣѾöˣԸ
ߴһۣȻŤͷȥٿ鱾ͲãϷ֡
ߣͰ¡˵İɿֺվһߡ
оԼЩȡ֣ߴϵİٻɵȹϣ㣬ᴨȥβõҩĨϣϥǶˡ
ϥϵ࣬۵Ĳˣððʧʧȥõҩ;ѽ̤߷ˣȻߴǰ¸Ĩҩ
ߣûһˣ㴵һ˼ſ˵
ҩܹãֻһۣȥû¡
ߴҶоϥǺ߳ܰԼһҪ˺š
Ҳû˵ʲôֻǽ𣬷ŵϣԼš
»ȵ¶ȴߴ΢΢оЩڣûпܵ˼űϾԼѾҪԶԷ
ߣʽΪʱܼˣģһѻ÷⣬ŮӶĽ㡣һ˵
ߴЩЦ첻ʱ䣬ܰѻԼҲں
Ǳ˵Ժ󻹵Ƥӵ¹ŭӿܾͲùˣѵԼҪ뷽跨룬Ӽǣ
ţǾͶлᴨˡߴ΢΢һЦ
ôлң۵м⡣

 33 

ҹˣ㻹ôл㣿
ߴһü۾գգ
ھʽҵ˰ɡ
뷴ߴĵһûˣڳɾͺҲûϵ
ȷ
ߴмָӣĲͣҪԼĵһΣ޻˵ֻθҲߵͷˣ
Ȼ֮ǰ֪ŮӲ̫ѺãŮӵΪҪ֪֪ԼЩܲˡ
ǻŬģʹûжʵ⣬ϾԼĿľ˾ͷ˶Ĺԡ
ԭ϶Ļش𣬵ͻȻһԤУԼôشʧȥʲôǵ׻ʧȥʲô˲
§һ¹ߴĲɵ˵ҿЦˣõ档
ش𣬹ߴŭ𣬿ôõ׼˷ʱ䣬һҧ°ͣѪҲ졣
ߣۡ
ԼԽԽûλˣû뵽ȻǸһԲϾҧⶼٴˡ
Ҫ֪ĻҲӲͷƤǲҪȥˡ
ߣȥϣǵõȻβߴŭúóͷһ
ҪβĽ࣬ԹԵſú̲ס˵һ䣺ǵһ㣬һ붴
ߴȷʵûԺ΢˵ԵĴʮ£˵ţ֪֪
ұѯҡ´Ҿ⿪ЦˣԼˣ
ԺҲͲޣҪҵԸҲŪģ𣿡ߴﵽϣյ˵
ҶˣߣҪҪơ
ЩɬҲ̫һ㣬ﵽϡ
ˣǾɡ˵ߴĨϵҩȻһ
ƺ󣬽§ԼĻ㷢ߣǽʱ䲻ܼ棬㶼𣿡
лֱ˵úҹĨǡߴ۾
㡣
۲˺һᣬûзԵ˼ſ϶촽ȥ˺þá
ͣº󣬹ߴ§סĲӺԼϲһǡ
ڴӵ˺þãϴȥš
õһʱܼһԼ30ͷĽ֣ūŸº밲£Ǳ֣˵ĹҪֺúõĽ̵һ£ʡö档
ӣ΢ѧ¹ءԥһ£ֽ֣巣㽫ظУ͡
ߴûȻ̫ѧǺбҪĻʼҹ˽ܲһӶ¶˰ɡ
ԭʵ۱;ùߴѸǻһ˲ģػôãȥһ֣úý̵һ£׹ضֺд
Ȼ̫ǵԭģǻʵԼóĽۡ
ǣū澽·Ըһ̬Ŵ󷽡
ǹߴˣûоĽԼ̬ҲοɲΪţͷӶʹడ
ţ˵ߣһģǵҲҪҡ
֪ˣ߰ɡߴЦٻ˵ԽԽճˡ
ߺ󣬹ߴŽȥԷ䣬ߴ輸Ĵһһվš
ū澶ָĴΪвˣ෴ݣӦڷԣСĸ²ˡһĿߡ
Һ͵֮Ȥһûзֶʲô
ߴһ¿ˮ̵ģ˵˵Ļ
һᣬֲĵĿڣڵݣעƺ⣬ݱߵ˵ʱӦԳ檻һһңֻڶԷݱ͡
ʱһעģҵĵ̣ҵϲôƺôΥµ˼أ
ߴ治ɫ˵һѻֻȥѯҾȥˣҲаΪԲ˴ŵĻԡ
Ĭһ£ЦſڣūΪһ£йŮ첻ͬѾߵ䱸ɡ
ţ˵ءߴЦӯӯ˵
أ8Ѿߣ6Ѿߣ4Ѿߣ3Ѿߣ2Ѿߣ1ѾߣͨûѾߣϾһѾߡ
һһ˵ú˵ӦٲѾߣӦѾ뿪ߡ
Ҳϲһźţ˵һǵģ˾ڸߴü˵
ūҪһ䣬Ѿֻ߲źģҲźµģˣ޵ʱӦһѾߴз
䣬ֲ¾źĺãҪ֣ûȨ⣬ѾߣҲ
Ժ󣬹ߴû˵ʲôԼĻˣ˸ޣ˵һںĸо
ɴһΪ죺ֵ˼ºҵѾ߿ˣһ·ɣ
ԼôҵҲ̫Сˣ淢£϶ֵ췭ظȻٲεˡ
˵ӣҪǴ䵥꣬Ҫ˿£Ҫ緢ˣĻֵõ
ū澲˼ūֻ˵ûȨҪ·ֽ͵
Ҫ·ʲô˼·𣿡ߴΪҵ˶Է֮©
ūʾѾ߳һ൱檣º⴦˶û£ֻҪŭ£û˻׷¡
ʵѹߴϧߴ顣
ߴºʲôãƹ϶ˣ֪Լн񱰡Ŷֻ治֪Լû
ˣŵ²µġ
ߴװһһӣýֿЩŻѪĺ
ū澸һɣڵݣƷ²ƷһƷй񣬵Ȼ㡣
Ŷǵ¸һҪ𣿡
ߴ˵žͰοҼóڽǰ˼¡
ֲһֵķµʹʢ裬Ҳһõû뵽¶谮
ǵ¶˳谮Ҳԥͦùߴģ˾
Ц˵ūգ־УūԸΪЧȮֻ֮ͣҪ¡̫ԼʺйƷϸ񣬺Ʒϸ಻񡣡
УҾ㣬ԺҵĽ֣ҲҸ𡣡
ߴиҲãȻ֪Ķ࣬ԼһЩעҲ
ū澶л䣬ū澶ú÷¶˿Ц⣬Ȼ¿ͷл

 34 

ˣˣߴЩ档
ū澽ʮоţϾ͵֮ˡип˵
ֿȥͦģû뵽첻ˡߴ΢΢һЦ
ΪūҸŵĹ֮ҲͨһҪ죬ū澾͸ҩԡһЧԣϼѵŮҲѰŮЧѡЦе˵
ãǾͽˡ
ߴԼ͵͵ٷһɢˣҲõ޷ԭ
ǣū澽Ըūȸˡ˵ȥǰ׼ҩġ
£ߴʹóСġǲǰŸոõֵģûϸ͹أ
һʱо޵ݣԱһ£ԼֱּĿʮ꣬Ҳﲻˮ׼Ͼ鷨滭ϵ츳һ㣬ûڷܵܲ׾ĵز
ЩܵݲʱҲûļˣϵ˹ݡ
ЩƮΪ翵飬ˮ硣
վ·Ʈɾһ㣬丵Ϫоŵİٻ͵ݵأľ׵֣һ˴Լ衭
Ժ󣬹ߴǳã˵ˬȻͲԼĶ̴ͱ˵ĳȽϣй򻹲Լգٳ߸ͷһ˳ұ١
ͷҲĿر泩ԭȱָǵʱɢ粦졣
󲽿˽ȥӱ§סߴߣʲôʱרΪҵһ
ߴûֻ֪Ǹӹţֻ֪Ϊҡ㷢ж࣬Ϊȡ˶Ϊֱ֮Ҳ˱ӹס
뵯ʱ˺ߴίľܾ
Ҳ֪ûǱں壬û仯ãҵš
أ𿪣ҿ챻ѹôˡ
ߴŸܵȻѹԼϣȻһ֪֮ûУ֪Լжཡ˶ԼСѹˣ
֮ϣԵĹߴϣûü˵ʾˡ
ȻʹӦʲôҲûУߴǾòģúõһŴʾôûˣû׼Ϊڴϼİ
;˳һŭ֮£ߴšĶ˵㣬ѹ֮ǰīǰҹҹұһߵľ롣
ߣҴˣԣûϵⴺ̫ιˣľͲЩļǡ
ľͲʵǲǰҲɹ£ƭӣ
ߴһۣѾʱ׼һƺȥ
ԽԽˬǲƭԼʵû檣ûûֵͨѾ߰£Էҷɣ
һ֮ӣ˴죬ŻڣûУҺ˵ʵɣɲЦңҷ˼ͼܶȤƣǰ漰ļҵ
޳ߴ˰³ĸ֡
ߣҪҽġһίĿмֿͰ͡
ˣ˰ô˵ô˵壬ֹߡߴ˵
û˵Լ˵ʵᰤᣬľúܶ˾Ըֲ׽Ӱɫš
ߴᱧϣߣҺ͸˵ˣԺù˵£Ҳѧţ涪棬ʿ϶˼Ҫ飬ʱҲﲻ㡣
֪ˣᴨã
ߴ°ͣ촽뿪ʱסף˺þá
ú˾ıһһûһģģߴĻﲻ˵㷢Ҳˡ
ʱ䲻ˣȥŰɣ˵Ҫ˯𣿡
ߴһߣһ߿ѯʡ
ˣһҪƸҪظҾͲˣǰǲΪã͵Ҵš
Ȼ뻹Ǿܾˣû߹ߴǸһֱ˶ҳһˣһصĺܺá
úԸѾ߰ţһʳÿڣʳرʢؾ⣬ζƫŨأߴƫ嵭ʳȻؿζҲܽܡ
ڷϣͻȻ˵ߣҸ㻮һС԰СԺӣǰԺȽϽԺģҿһʱʱʱ˯鷿
ԥһ£֣µı֤ģҲģһᾭһŻ鷿㣬ޡ
ǵڳЩ࣬ߴû˵ʲôػֻﰵһʣЦᵣԼ䣬˵Լ޲ÿʱÿ̶һһ˭Ƚճˣ
ǹߴЦԷǵ˵ǻллˣ
ͺãҲÿ㣬ʵ̫㣬ȹʱͿһֱ㣬ȥﶼ㣡
մմϲ˵黹Щ־ȻԼ൱⡣
ߴȻʧЦͻȻƽˣԵ粨һƵϣԻ·Ƚ棬ԼĪԺԼǾӶš
ŹҪȴٳٲߣߴڻﲻ֣°һֱǵĲͷ㷢ǿһҪǵ
ˣˣ㶼˵ٱˣҼסˣ϶ģϽ߰ɣһҪȥԡأ
ߴЩͷˣ̲ס˵10ϣ䶼ˣʵûĺˡ
ðɣϾߣҡ˵ͣûĿ⿴Źߴűס
һۣߴ͸ɴȥ΢΢ҧڣһֱˢȿɳܣôôɰ
ߺֹڹߴǰ㱨ū澸밲ūѾҩѼȫΪ˷ֻίԡˡ
ûϵҷģҸļСС⣬Ҫ
ߴͷϵıժݸ֣Ӧò̫ɣҲ֪ڹﶼʶʲô⡣
΢΢һЦİѱӹū澶лʹ͡
ȥ׼ɣȻطˣˣǵ˰̧ء
ߴʲô˼Ҳö˼ʹط׼˳㽻ԡص㣬ɲԷŪʪ
ǣū澽Ըū澸ˡ˵־תˡ
صԷĹߴ³ǰվһᣬϷˮȹỤ̃ʶĿֲʧ񾲵Ȼʵף⾳
ū澼ūҩԡѾ׼ˣܾظջ𣬱ˮ¡
ŵĳڹߴ󣬹ڵ˹һ˵в޴ߴ֮⡣
߰ɡ
ߴǰ棬˾չںͷֲð̾һ䣬жʱ磬һλȶˡ̬ǧˡ

 35 

أܾڵϣϸ𣬹СŬںʵˮ·Χ֮ڡ
Ժ󣬹ߴüһСģԼ̵ô죬ǵʣЩëȻ
ˮҪһֱ֣ҩԡЧģū澻Աߺúÿܾģ֪ǷҪѾźԡЦе˵
ˣԼͺá
ߴʵʱǱŤܸо˶ͷȥܾͷ𣬶ʱࡣ
ԡͰ󣬹ߴܵЩʹдɫɲԼЩ³çˡ
ҵĹ˳ڹߴĳϣߴܸܳ谮Լ°뱲Ҳаȵ䡣
Ҫź˹˸ֻͶݸ߹Ů죬ùߴܺʣŲõĽߴ
ݶЩŭ˵õԡѾźأˣߴȻ˵㻰Ȼȥ
ǷҪū澸ϴͷūһ׶еİĦַͷںڷֿ˵
ðǾͽˡ
ȻΧԡˣߴҲûоܾĸԼϴͷĽ飬źԼϴͷȷʵ㣬ҲõȻٳʱ䣬Ͼҩԡֻϴӡ
ԡϣߴ£Ϳڽ˶ǲɢȥˣǶȥɣʣµԼ͹ˡ
ǣū澽Ը˳ȥ
ߴµʱõϷˮȹ棬ĵķ˱ɢ룬˳裬ҩЧӵģҲ̫ġ
·ʱ֮ǰδɫѣû뵽ȻôʣеϵĹ㺮ӣ
ԣӦӡܾһԴ֡
ߴ⻰Цϼ⵴һһЦĶѣϢԱĽޡ
ȹߴɵϣҲûκˣȲݶһ̴ܵ˴ϣűѹϣһߵ˵ߣƭҡ
ߴͻɧһһĴݶŵ㻹Ĵϣһѹϡ
Ҫʱ뺰ˣԣֱܵӸһ
ôƭˣ˵㡣
ߴ¹ϸϸɫݵȻĻش
˵ԼģȻǼźԡҡ
˵ȥˣֹߴɽܲͻȻʶԼ˵©ˣ֪Լ͵ԡˡ
һֻţ޲ҸȥһߴЦ⣬ȴɭɭһƬʵʲôʱʼ͵ԡģ
Ҳǵˣа˰ɡ
˵ţ±ߴԺԼβҪˣһķԼô죿
ˣϹأ֪ôɣߴоԼˡ
ŶʵʵĹڴϣβ
ߴصĴ˼£Ͳôֻ˻ǵʱʱܽһ²Ż
ϣȥҧҧĲӡ
ߣôϣЩίЩߡ
ô㻹İɣ붼룬ǲġߴһ
룬Ƿ˸ʱ§סҡҡ׹ӣֺƣߣöû⡣
ߴƤԽԽˣЩסˣͱѹţߣҺ㡭
ߴûˣЩ棬˵ʲôѻ˵꣬˵һһġ
Ŷ˵ţ㲻ǲϲҾû˵̲סס
Ӵ㻹ǵأʲôʱҷҿɲһӶֻһҡ
ߴƲ˵ûһӴӦҪܻĿĵġ
ҡ
Լ֤ߴܵΪԸ̧ʹǹѸҲߵλ֡
ˣ͵û˵ԡҿԽͣһΪһ仰ô˵Ҽϸ壬ҾҩԡŻԡʱˣ㻹Ϊָң
ߴ˵Ϲİѹ۵ͷϣԼҪøվʱȡԼҪ˵Ϊȡ
ߣû뵽һ˵һ仰ôϣԺҩԡˣôҶϲ˵Ǳһ£Ķˡ
˻ˣЩۣ̲ס˵˾ʵͼοߴ
Ƴһۣߴû˵ôԽԽúŪˣԼЩ˼ˡ
ߣô˵ЩѵԼ˵ˣ
Ŷˣ˯ˣʲôʱ뿪ߴֱ˵˵
ϡ˵ǵòϢ
˼󣬹ߴֱסˣ˵죬ƭ˵Ĺ˵õأ
һյȥˣȻûߣߴٴʱҧ촽ȻûжôǱǵΰء
ֹһʱ䣬Ҫ뿪ˣĻͷ˹ߴһۣͱһţˡ
ߺ󣬹ߴ㰲˯ˣ뵽һ⡪ݶֱԼϣЬûУ
Ͻ´׵¹⣬ڵƣȻƻߵߣ˺öīڵĽӡһӺˡ
һ뵽ԼĴϣ˯һϣо̹еϴˣȫƵϣ޺޵Ĳ˼š
󣬹ߴƽҡҡͷƬ̣ܾ͹ˣ滹֡
밲ߴֱӿڣⱻȥϴˣѴͷβúòһ飬ٸһµ̺á
ǣū澽Ըܾͬʱش
ߴԱߵһɣܾһȲøɾѴ̵ķٰѵϵĴóȥ
ū澼֪о仰һݵģ
˵ɡߴڴһ䣬գգۣ۵㡣
ūĽӡµ𣿡֪˲ɸ˵ܡ
ߴǣ΢΢һЦû
ģūһؿƿЩŵǿ򶨵˵
ţ²Ҫ⴫ҵĵ߳ŭ
ǣū澽Ը
ߴһЦһղζĵ˵뷨ȴȻͬ
ߴֽһ£ȻǵúҲ˵һһ㡣
ǣū澽ԸΪԼõߴĿأеܸˡ
ˣȥɡ˵ߴס죬ĵĴһǷ
ǣū澸ˡֿͷˡ
üߴ뵽ⴲȹʹѾɾˣܾò룬˯ˡ
ȵҹоЩʹһᣬǻش˯ƣܿ˯ˡ

 36 

գԺ󣬹ߴһ㷢Ѿ1017֣ȻЩţɵĴϴ
㣬ͷߴĺһ
󣬵һʱ¿ͷƽ˵ū澸밲֪ǷҪЩģ
áߴӦһ
ǣū澽Ըūȥ졣˵ͽŲҴҵ߳⣬ܾȥ˵ġ
㿪ʵūޱ֪ʲô٣
̸Ҷٰɣ򵥱һ㡣
ߴŪˬķ٣ųȥһ仨԰ȨǶ塣
ǣū澽Ը
˵ڼ䣬ߴѾױ̨ǰ£Ҳߵ
ͷԽں˳ˣū̾ѡͷҲ޹ߴ
㣬͵ԽԽˡ
ߴЦһ£ԼǸȵѾߣڿҲıԡ
ū澶л佱ϲ̵˵
Ȼ㶼˵ҿ佱ˣҾ㶫ɣ̯
ߴһӵκץ˼ӣŵС
ū澶лʹ͡
һϲĹ£⼸Ӷֵµˡ
ɡߴЦӯӯ˵
СĽĽغãȻߴͷ
Ƭֱ̣ܾٽˣױ̨Թ밲ū澸밲ū澸ֱ٣Ƿʱʳã
ߴƳһۣšһ
ûʺϰڷŵĵĵطܾͱֹˣȵĽĺͷԼʳá
ˣߴüʲôҲû˵ָһ鳢ζţζͦã̲סӿԼľ׽ٶȣûöӾˡ
ܾ㣬ˣǸʹ͡
ߴӺȡ˼ӣܾ㡣
ū澶лʹ͡
ܾϴ΢΢ϲ⣬лվһԣĵȺߴķԸ
һ򣬹ߴҶˣվӣͦģЩš
һ£һκȡһСʯĶΣ˶ͷͷĿ˷١
ߣȥšߴɫƽ͵˵
ȴЩΣѾһյĿԼо˼ǳȥˣ¾Լһ
ǣū澽Ըܾص
ڣſζ嵭ֻǱȹߴԸġĲһ7ˣߴޱĳţϿϲŭ
ЩսսҲ֪ӦӦôֺ²ӿֻ⡣
ź󣬹ߴЦЦĿڣǵӷˣ˵ĻȻã¸ҳϦģÿ춼ڸӷˡ
ūţū澣֪Ƿ׷׹һƬ
ǿԵģߴ˹ǣУҾͲǼƽˣԺҵķ˼סҪ10
Ҳıԭ뷨áĲһίʵһ㣬رָһ¹ɵĳԴöȣǽһݳ޶ȣ
ǣūţū澣Ըлǲ龪һ
ʱ֣ߴڻ԰ȣͶ³۾΢Ϣ
ū澸밲ūҪ¸ոƸܹ108̧һϲɫ
ŶΣߴĵĿڡ
ĻūҪǵж࿴Ҫ֪Ȣ̫Ҳ120̧ȢֻҪ102̧
ּԼ޶ԣ˵»˽·ԸļױɱԺ˽6Ʊ2ׯӺ1̵ĵΪѹ׵ĹƷһ㸻˼һĳԴöҲǧǮ
ҹȥˣ𣿡ߴһЩȤ
ĻѾ뿪ˣǰΪָ飬׵ǲܼġΪѵ˵
û£Ҿʡߴ΢΢ǣһƬá
Ŷū澲ˣ»ϲεƷˣūûҴ
һĸм㣬¿ģ֪ԼһףӦԼӸݹԼ׼ġ
ˣ֪ˡߴֻҲˡ
ǰԺֻԺƸ񣬹ߴִʮ̴ľӣǴƷ޳СڼŶֻ鱦ΡľҾߡҩϡճþߣȵȡ
ڰβͼҾ߾͹ͺͺİ棬͸һ첼
ūŸ밲ūʾǷͿ˽⣿Ժܼǰ밲ʱ˵
УھȥѼױߴˮ˵
ǣūŽԸū롣ܼҲ⡣
ߴ˽Ĳסĸ̾Ǯ˽ӦоУĿһ۾ͱЩˡ
һµһڡһ֧Сҡһ߹ŵڡһ»Ĳ۽һλõŵ״ͷκһƬ״ͷΡ
룬˳һװλµ̴ľױϻСĵװȥ
УߴƳһƫƧĽһϼٺһʮ˿ݣ̴ľױϻܼңŪ˼£ֵı
ܼңԼľЩ㿴ŰɣʱҹĿһ¾ͺáߴһһ߿ڡ
ǣūŽԸģūһ°ס
ܼ밴ƣ˽ȻҪѪһأļױŪɣۡ
ߴȥ󣬽ٺݷֱݸ˽ܾ㣬Ǹҵһ㣬Ҫ𻵣ΨʣʱݹҲ档
ǣū澽Ըģū澶СĽܾһС
ܼңеױϻðɣͲ鷳ˡ
ߴ˵Ϳ֣ʾȥױϻԼ˼΢΢һЦ
ūȸˡܼҿҲҪ뿪
ţȥɡ˵ߴˣԺȥ
ԷߴСĴӹٷŵ鰸ϣִܾӹҲŵ鰸ϡ
ϻϸһĵ˵ͷٺû˿ˣ㣬ܾ㣬Ǻǵðϻȥ
ߴſܾ㣬컹ǺͽһûκβһʵһЩʹ͡
ǣū澽Ըģūһܾһۺ㿪ڵ
ţǾиˣˣϲЩأߴˣող
ûܾػһվһֻشĻū澽װϲƷ̴ľӷŵ˴ߣҪҪūڴ򿪸
ţҲţǰ
ߴ˵Žе̴ľױϻ˹ߵߣŵ
ͬһʱֻشǣū澽Ը˵ߵԲ

 37 

ױϻߴתȥͿһʵΣ貶Ŀշڣס
·ŵļ·˳ܾǰæѼ̯һȹĽ˿廨£һ͸Ľ˿ɴϼһ͸Ľ˿黨˿ɴͷǡ
ߴмãǳЦȻ˵ᴨ۹ⲻͦҵ
﷭˷ҵһ͸ºС£ʽöǳãδ̫¶ˣ˺û𲻴
ߴԭӵһ룬λʲôûһһء
ţϲɷ˺Σ뵽ʲôһ˵ǽ·źãȥɡ
ǣū澽Ը
һ𽫼µŻͳȥˡ
˶ûӰˣߴּңҳһϸٵĨغ㣬˿ͱɴƴӶɣ淭˴ͼɫ졣
һԵ̴ľǮϻӣֺ˵Ʊ͵װʤĽӡҶӡԪͽӡ
ߴץһЩϸƣ涼һЩԢõ֣úϡ⡢ɪͬġ١ɾżɡԵͷϣȵȡ
˵ߴͦģ洺磬µĻһдˮī
Ĩ͸ɴȹԼǧϼįţе£ƺ˼˭Ϊƽ˼Ż˼㺦˼
⻭ߴеǳ⣬˵Լ۷֮ȡΪ˼䡱غᴨյԺһĳȡ
ˮīԺ㣬ԼĻֽ
һʱԺ󣬹ߴЩ죬ԻĲøжˡ
֣Զøжֵ80ڰ׶ΣٽϵͳʾԶŽ
ϵͳߴöûҩʲôˣϴοʱӲŸոշѿ
Ժϲҩﳤŵҩɢɢҩͺϡ
뵽࣬ߴԼѼȫ֮Ժ󣬿һᣬȻһʱ䣬ٺ
Ͼ൱ԷɴףԼĴ󱦱ҪȺãһõ»ʱ⣬˳
ڼֻһ޹ؽҪˣԼദû죬ӡͣڱɽ˽ŵףֻǵЩʱ˳ְκá
ߴһ뵽øж80ЩĻŭţӴԺõĹԽȻᵹˡ
ֻҪԼϸñֱĺøжȾͲ½
ԽԽߴҲû˼ʲôɴЪϢ
Ǳߣյ󣬶ʱѪڣ֪ߴϲԼⲻ˼֮飬˼ĸо
ϸһ£ע⵽ϵĹߴ¶һӲ಻˻棬̲ס뵽ǲڹԼܺãԼɹϹˡ
԰ˮīװѣ鷿ڼǽϣÿͼ顣
˺þãǾ͵͵ȥһ¹ߴÿһ˺˯ͼ
˯УߴȻо۾ͷѹԼϣ͵͵ǣ˰죬һȥ
Ҷˣ㻹ռұˣ˰˵ҧ°һڡ
ߣۡί˵ûʲôӦֿ˵ߣһǷǵĻΪң㡭
ʣµĻߴ˻ȥȷʵò˼ûдȣ˭֪ôã
ʵЩίߴһǣԸ֣˰ʱڼ侹Ȼʲô¶ûɣŶûԣֱӵƻա
ӽˡߴƿ
ţӶˣ߾͹ˣСЦ˵һ˿Ժ
ߴ֮󣬲㷭˸ۣӲģ˭ģ
˼һᣬˣţǻ
ߣȻȥˣǵñ̫ҡתȴһͷ
ߴôţúҪһͳ˺
ߣˣһֱֻͷƣ촽˼ԡ
һ׾Ͳߵӣߴֻǣͱ§§˳һšݮ
룬ߴҲһšݮ˳ҧҧ촽һСģȣҧˣƵ
ˣᴨ߰ɣһġߴһεһѡ
Ŷˣ㣡
עŹߴ·ֻȫһ޶á
գգۣߴͷǰһˣ̾ṦǷ㣬ȥ磬ոĿԼһ˲˾ʧˡ
ԭضһᣬȥš
ʱܼҴӴ߽¿ͷ밲
ūŸ밲ūļױѾ׼ȫ͵Ƹһ飬ȻǷūŹȥ
ãȻҴһȥȥɡߴе꣬Цӯӯ˵
ǣūŸˡ
ͬʱֵĻػǣū澽Ը
ܼߺ󣬹ߴ˹ţƺһ㶼ûбӰ쵽վһЩֲҴߴԼӡ
ߴһȵôסомֺЦʹҲûĬĬļӿٶȡ
ΪĶȤζǿΪԼż͵Ļʵ۲̫༱ܵøԼҵӣӲŲԵ̫ġ
Ź󣬹ߴȥױ˵طܼҵݸ˹ߴһżױ嵥
ƷļױӣµƸҲڣϸһ£ʲôֱӺū˵ūŴȥ˽
ߴۻİѼױӴԿˣк⣬ȴɫ֣Ҳһ¡
˵µİѼױӵݸ֣·ûô챦Ҫ֪ݼױνǷëǣһ
ֽױСĽĽӹſ˼ۣ㱻Ĵֱʾˣ̲ס϶ԽԽ죬ĩβﰵϲѡ
ԽԼӣԽԺ󲻳⣬õԼӻʧ裬Ҳûӹ
֣òˣȥ˶һ£û©߲ĵط
ߴվһеЩˣ̴ֱľһ¾ÿǰɢʱԡǰһ٤
ǿô֪ƢԣҲҶ˵ʲôֻĵȥһŻľλ
ūŸ밲ūŰһſΣԭǼԡ
ƳһۣߴԼ˵Сˣһܽر࣬͸Ϊԡ
УҾŲء˵˿ϣббпţһյΣ

 38 

ԺֹظūѺ˶ԺˣױӺʵȫԵϣûκβ
ߴĬһᣬŻڣҾͲˣֲҪҶΡ
ū澶лΣū澶Ľźɫмּ
Ҿ͵ſı֡ߴ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ǣūһ˵
ߴûٿڣԹԵȥԺ԰ɢʱˣͻطȡȥԡ
๤ּ¶Ĺߴԡʵ裬˳ĥʲôʱʼ׼ģͻȻݶд
ԥһ£ȹһΣǾƮ˻ԡûͬʱ˫סؿڡ
һյĹݶﻹץһʡµĺӣһߣûŻɣ
û£Եʲôߴ벻Ǹɻɣ
֪СȻͼ͵ԡñײˣṦǱȲҡ
ܷŭмңȻһ˿ͣһƬԺ
ߴɫ˲Ϣ䣬пԽִϷһʺ̶ʱڱͱ仯ˡ
˴Ѷһ£ٳչһҲ˽һ顣ߴҲ˵
ˡЩᣬһͷ
ߴ£ĥĥ䣬ŭˣ߰ɣһˣҴ򲻴㣬ҿûб˿á
ǻ棬ڵĲٺڣѿڶӴϹĹۡ
𣿡ߴƳһۣ
ߣҴˣϾߡ˵ɲǼʧӰ
ߴЦһܵĵͦ죡
Ƭ̺ɫ࣬Լһɵϼƽʲôֲǲ֪ǳС
ĥһᣬߴŴ»طڴһʱЩ˯ţȥ˺þãٷľ˯ˡ
֮ҹߴ˵һʽȴѾ˯ˣվڴǰþòȥ
峿ߴһۣɫ磬ͼ˯ˣٴѾ854֡
Ƶ𴲺󣬺һϴٽ˭ֺ֪ܾҲˡ
ū澸밲򸣽𰲡¿ͷ˺һ
ߴһ̬ôʽĸԼ밲üж϶һʲô鷢ˣǲô
ʲô£ʵ
սսվţɫʮ־ᣬĻū澲֪ô˵
˶һֹӣߴֱ˵ѯʣʲôֱ˵ɣǰڣֲϲǨŭˡ
˱˴˶˼ֿۣڣԺǧŭŭ
ֵ˼֣µ˵¸´Ż£һһźճɻ飬ֱ̫ʦŮѲŮ
ߴͻȻ廰㣬ıְͷٰɡ
ǣū澽Ը˵һ˿Լ١
ߴһ֪òüģϲ¶˿Цݣ֣Žõҳܲס
»͸Ѿߣ»֮մȥһź붴Ѿ߿Խ˵ԽС
˿⣬ߴû뵽ʵôܶˣһ붴ͲӳԲ
һҪܾ㿪ȥźֱ̫ˣ
뵽ߴɫ㣬ܾ㣬Ƕʲô뷨˵
Ļū澴ûйǷ֮롣ܾȿֺĻش
ߴȻһЦԼԤеĻشֻ࣬ǲʱʱôһ£ġ
ţɣֻʡ
ǣū澶ΣһһֻΪ¡ȿڵ
ܾҲ󣬡ūͬһĹ
ǾѾȥˢͰôиõ
ߴЦӯӯĿˡ
ū澾ÿѾ߸ȥͰֵһ뵽һӡ
˵ǳˮͰʳôҲһ⡣
ūҲһ뷨͵¾ӵˣΣܾ㲻Ц
ףףȥȱµ֪ȥˣ϶ᷢŭһҡͷ
ߴ΢΢һ۾⿴ܾ֣Ķ΢һλãվ󷽡
ˣԺ飬ȹ۲һѾ߾ģġ
ߴûӦøһᣬһӴַ֣ͰǼ޸˼ҡ
Ȼвǡľٶ˳µİ˴ˣǸã
ǣū澽ԸӦ
Сʱȥˣˣߴһڴ̴ľױϻóݸ㣬Ҵȥ㿴Ű졣
ǣū澽ԸϻشҲûͣ¡
ױԺ󣬹ߴ΢΢ҡԴоǳ⣬ȴֲӯӯɫԵ˼ֽģִһ˿
վȫǰߴϵˮɫȹƺͷβ̫䣬΢ԥһ£϶ɫɴٺȹ
㡢ܾ㡢֣ǳȥҡ
ǣū澽Ը
ߴʧתͱɴȻҲˡ
ɫɫ֮䣬뻹ѡɫǶС£Ŵ˶ɫɴٺȹ۵廨Ь
Ღʹɴᣣȥ
һȥߴƳһĵòŮӶţŮõɫҷɴȹ˸оЩס
Ա߻һ˹ڵϣࡢȾ˳
ߴֻûԹԵţ·Χһ鶼޹ء
ȻҲĲ⣬˵ײǻʵ۴µѾߣҪҸͷ⴦ˣ˭˵֣ʵ۶ܣ׼ɲ˵˵Ķѡ
ԼȻҪΪޣΪ⡱еǰѵھǴȥʵ۲ϷŹֻáС
ˣߴʱһԼߵģϾǸԣÿԼͷתġ
òŮͲסˣ㲻ܹ𣿡
ĵƳһۣߴ𣬿ʵѡһӲġ
ǰŮ˸߿һۣһǿߵģ˲мۣϧϧ֮ˡ
뷨ԺҲûߴӦȷʵùһܣܾ㣬50ƣ·ϣﲻû֪֮Լʲôݶ
ŮӲĵĺǸңҿǱ´ޣ

 39 

ܾЦһһߵĺŮӵ³ѪˣûӦȴıܾݵİƣ50¡
Ժͽӭ㣬㣬㡣ߴȺָָŮӺͰŮӡ
ǣū澶л¿ͷ˵
ӭ㣬չںףѾ˵˻ˡ
㣬ӭȥɡߴĿ˵
ߴһʳͣ˿ӣ㣬ȥϼԣȻǼһȥ䣬С⡣
ǣū澽Ըǳϲ˼˿СŮĽߡ
ߴûע⵽ĽߣֻΪΪѵôеϲãû
ߺȲ˵ūлҪ˵ˡ
˿˵Ѿ˼ˣŮȥɳ𣬻ǳΪãҿԾͲ
ĬΣߴĬˣҸѾ߸ͷɡ
ԼʱһЩ强ͼױȫ֮Ե֣ҲԼʱ䡣
м㯣ߴҲû˼ϸʣͲݲš
һ£طȡѩɫɴϣɴϻһ̷ɫա
żԻʱеѾʧĲˣЦӯӯĿڣˣ߰ɡ
ǣūţū澣Ըһͬش
˾Ǵϣߴ˻֮УҲ֪ˣһ»£
Уһһľɫˣд˼䣬л㱵վڽֵϣƺûеط
ٶһ4ˣ˶ʱ࣬˼ٶİǳҲԼӹٽʳܲ˵ġ
ҲôһС鲻ĵˣԶĸں棬ȴڨĺʱ˳µΪǽѡ
ע⵽˸ԼߴҲû⣬ԣǰ·ȥ¥
ǣūŽԸԾһ
棬Ҫƺߴ̲סü
ǣūţū澣ӷԸص
¥Զû·͵ˣǹߴҲһԣ¥
ԥһ£ԣ¥ȥļҿ
ļ¥ˣߴ㡢ܾһЩӡҡԼֻһ鶯ѵˮҶҡ
̤ԣ¥ߴαҸӾϸ෱࣬΢΢Ц˵Ǹȥ1λ̫߾ԼǮɡ
ĿǰΪֹںͷֻʣĸҹӺǵСˣķԼ䲻¥Ѿˡ
ĸҹ⻰ȿֺıֻ֣Ϊ˲߶ԼչһЦ
λˣõǮǮ
Ǯء
ǣǷǳЧͣҲȥһЩΡ
ǰϸлε׺

Դˣߴľܾǵĺ⣬ˣǮá
Ŷ
ĸҹЩʧĬĬںͷֻЩͷɥ
ѡεʱ򣬹ߴҲĴ㿴ŴССİ
˼ۣߴ̫ȤЩζȲеģҲûƶءǰһġ
΢΢ҡҡԴЩɨ˵ӣȻͱƹ˶¥
С㣬¥һ֮ûóһʧ
лƹģҽ˻Ὺ۽硣ߴҲû˵һ
ûϵҲû¡
ƹЦЦһӣߴ˾û˵ʲôĬĬĸں档
ڼԺĸҹӵ˶¥ݿڵĻסˣ¥ݿڵš
С㣬ԵƬ̣ȥȥƹĽߴ󣬽һ¾뿪ˡ
ߴţ˻ᣬоЩƣͰѴһ㣬һ紵պðɴˡ
ɵô껵ϣһץⷢһѩɫɴɻ̧ͷ
ɴ䵽ϣߴҪ֮Ͱˣ˵Ķá
鷳Ĺӣɴҡ
֪ɴǹߴЩӣ̲סֿۣ˺ȳμʱˣԼȴˣյķ⡣
Щʧڴϵײײţ֪ߴԽԽԶ·ûĻôɴʧãã˺С
Ļ߷磬ߴЩЩΣ¥ϣܲ׷˰ɣ
С㣬Ҽҵ֮Ҹˡ
ƹһ̵ΣâУߴһ۾Ϳǵؾˮ䲽ҡ
ɫһᣬſƹ񣬡ƹģ
40ӣҺСһʵķϣֻ35ƹһֺǺǡ
ߴӷҡֶǮ
ԱһЩֻҪ2015ӣ۸Ѿ൱ʵˡ
׹ͷߴָһԻֵο׹
ƹɫ˺һᣬͬˣãҪҪϸֻܹ50ӡ
ȰȻһˡ
ߴһЦӯӯ˭ܿʱ˿á
Ƭ̺ͱһСɱµɫκȥˣƹɫЩգһ׬˶Ǯ
¥£Ѿˣһ֧ܾһֻһԺ
ƹģõܹӣ
ƹ˼ۣ˵һ19650ģҸĨȥͷ19ӾС
ǲո֣һ66ӣΣ
ߴͦϲּۻ۵ģЩС
У6666ƹǺˬ졣
ôÿμ㣬㶼ôһδζҪ˸ۣôûǮҲûôϲ㣡
߽һɫͿȹŮӣ̡
ô筺ɫˣҲߣߴһѪĲ̵αװ
̱ʹţܻˣʲôҲıγֶûõһý
ߴҲԷ˵´һ̵װˣȹ͸ڿ£û㡣
һۣȷʵûͻȻЩθȹջţĪֵã
תȥߴӺɰó66ӵݸƹ񣬲̣˵ӵۣ۾
С㣬ߡƹ˵껹˼
ߴ΢΢һЦתȥ뿿ͱ˵סˣܾһѡ
ҵֶˣѵһͬĶû𣿡
̲ĵľ֣мȱһ֣һ˿ѾϵĶ
ûסͷĹߴŻ£Ļţ˿棬̾ǻã˭ͳֽѵˣҪС
ûдﵽԤڵЧ̺ܲģߴӦͬĿԼǰ׳һųĳȻôݣ

 40 

ߴɫЩԹɵüûʲôĸҹӻӻ֣ǵС˾Ͱ̰С
̲ûз书ֻѧһƤë򲻹û뵽￴ӵܻԼ֡
ŲԽԽߴתȥעĸҹӡ
λû뵽µңҪҪȥ˻õʲôʹѵﹷۿ˵ͣ
ǰǾһ䳰ȷһѷǽࡣ
κò䵥ˣһҪúýѵһѾˡ
硭
ҪĪ֮ѾԹ˲Ͼˣοûи黹˵Ͼ۳

ߴζ̺Ī֮İԣû뵽һ˾䵽³
ҪǸȤǿȥ¥̸֪ʲôֵܼ֪޲ԣ޲
ãǾͳˡߴԭܾתһֿڴӦˡ
ʲô飬Ǹöл
˵ĸҹӴӵŹߴǰ¥ǵĲС˺һ£Ͻæҵĸȥ
СļСЩˣԼүˣǼô죬Ůôã
̺ܾã⼸С棬ԼҲܹñӳ
˶һۣж˾
ҪūԶ㣡
ұ粻Źǵġ
ǣҰɡ
˵öԣǼŹҰɡ
Ҫᱻ滵ģ
ôңһúźǵġ


֮󣬱һԲѵ̣²ı̫ǰ˹ƽյ壬ָָ㡣
һͷ¥˽ſڣڹߴĸҹţһʱû˿˵
Ǹոģ
ߴ൱ţǰĸҹӰǶ˳ȥЧһӣǳԴҩ˰ɣ
ȻǷĵΪǽѣԸЧȮ֮͡
ǣһ𣿡ߴǳ档
ĸҹЩݣɫϱȥ
ǱʢյĹâ䵽ˡ
ԣǱǳˡ
Ҫ˵赭֮Ƶ߷緶岻ѡ
УԵ˪µĹ·͡
ˣ˵˵ǳ롣

һɻ֮ȥĶϢߴоϹԼ֭ɳ
ţ⣬֪뵽ȥˣعͿ˫۾㱻ŵˡ
ôˣߴޱǶӡ
ǻûл֣һ£ȫһͰ͵ģ
ҹߴأ

ҷ񡣡
ҺȺꡣ

ĸֹߴǼסˣֻǸое鷳ü
ԺǾͳƺС㣬㺰һľСĿڡ
Ƴĸһۣߴ˳˼ǾΪʲôҪ֣
һʼô˵ȡºţ
ȵȣҪԼС㣬Ҳ̫߳˰ɣ
ȻҲûôǺþ֮ǰˡ

ȹߴƮɢ˼ջͿǰһһ̲ס͡һЦ
дţ񡢺ȺꡢԸڹߴƾѵǲΥƾá
Ա߻ĸɫָӡ
ûʲôðɡߴһ϶ӡ
һ㶼ΣЦ˵ǵĳŵԸþУŰɡ
УˣпǹԺô𣿡
ߴƳһۺͷ
ͺãֵĸġ
һ롣
ţöû£š
һʱỹûʲô⡣
ûϵҲûС
꣬ߴɵ˵ҪֱȥңҲֱ˰ǽ
⻰ɫֱˣһпԵģ⾩˭֪µպԶ
ô𣿡ߴϷʵĿǡ
û⣬ظ֤
ǣС㣬˵ɶɶæڡ
ʣµĺȺһۣ˵Ҳԡ
ˣǰĴСС¼˵һ顣
ߴϲİأǸǵÿĸˣÿζᡣ
Ǵʲôʱʼ
СС¼ǳԷ˯ҪҪ
壬ƽգ˭ģ
ȵȣҪǵģǾģ

ߴЩˣû뵽ĸǻ룬رܽ춼ͣģ
ˣˣǾǴٹ˽㽲һϻͲ˵ˣһ֪ųԵʲô
΢ͣһ£ߴ˵˼һĻ߱ȽҪġ
û⣬֤Ҫ󣬾˵ˡЦĿڡ
ռϸ
ͣǼҵҲȤʳ¯İȤš
ߴæϣ˼ҵķʷ
İȤŶйء϶Щί
ûϵôҵġߴӡ
ҥȴ껵ﴫ˵һѸԵߵǱΪŪĵڶɷ»ͼȢΪޡ
ߴеװһ£껵檲ָٻ̰ɣ
Ȼҥǻ˵ģ϶ûк³˵úܲңҲ˸ͷְߣˡ
ǰػĵ檾ǻã˵ΪڨʧܣԹۣ³ҲӦõģ
ҥк֣̺ܶĪ֮ɱӺ˭леǻˣֻǿ
˵Ǿرˣ˭ĿˣֻǹߵĪ֮˺ǵϵ࣬һԲϾҪֽѵˡ
ֹ˵˺ƽҲ٣˲˳۾˳Ūˡ
ߴ̲סü鵱ΪֻѵһԼ
С㣬ǲǲŮ˵£ԥһʵ
ûУǼߴ΢΢һЦ
ϣ˵ˣŶˣɱӺҸҶҵϢ̱̫൱ȫ˵ǿҹ͵Ī֮Բ
ٺ٣ؼĪ֮ձˣǻ˵һǹǺġ
Ī֮ܵصѵðϿȨµۿԶֻһͨһӶԼ
ûµۿҿĪ֮ⱲӶȲĸӿ
˵ΪˣĪ֮ḥ̂ǾĲҽ
СԱƽϢˣ˽¿ԽԽ㣬ˡ

 41 

е˵·±Եò԰ΣҪԺ
Ҳ˵óǵŮһһ׼רŹȡ˵Ļǡ
˵ȡΪͬ㽻Ͼͻʧ
д˵㴲Ϲ˵ãǰɷŻ̵ģõĽҲϡ
㵨ʣҲұţ˵ЩԻͲҪ˵С
˼æߴһԵģΪĸ˵ĹˣﶼڰԼĺĺ
룬ͺȺ˵ϣһȺŹ˭˵
ˣˣЩˣһûɵϡߴһͷˡ
˷ſߴֻèۺѪ˰죬ûס֦ҲЦ
ǿ涺ϣôûʶء֪ӣ
ҲʶС㰡˻һĵͷ
Ƭ̺󣬹ߴɫˣЦ˵͵ɣһỹ¡
Ŷ
Щʧ䣬ܿ˾񣬡ĸ㡣
ˡ
ߴ߳Һ㡢ܾ㡢ֺͼԶϣûһ˿˵ȫһֹģ
˲¥ߴһ䲼ׯԣرԺǰȥһ˲ׯǰ·
ǣūŽӷԸ
ׯ̫Զһյʱͷ͵ˣߴһرֵһ˽ȥ
Ӵ˵ôϲȵ֦ͷлԭйţ֪뿴ʲôҼµĽ˿޺ϼӰɴ
ۼϰһߴһ˾ǰк
ȥд˾ͺãԱ㡣
ߴƳһۣҵ¡ûԭģϰͦµġ
УҲŹˣһơ˵ϰȥкĿˡ
ߴ㿴һ£Ĳ۵м˿Ц⣬Ƕȥƥϲ־ֻãۼ۸ߵ͡
㡢ֶܾȥˣߴּԭû̲סԣҲȥһ˲µġ
ǣūŽӷԸлӶ䡣
ԾֱӲϣߴƿߣĴ˵Ŵ硣
ʱϰһ۾Ϳ˹ߴæǰλС㣬ҪʲôҶԼ
ߴΪͷ࣬üȻͼϰﲻ֪ðһšĶ䣬˭Ĺ
ԥһ£ߴ͵ûҸվţ̯ϱ˼ҵ鷳¡
˭֪ϰﾹȻĿƽͨѾָɣ
㿴㣬֪欵ģһ˾ͺ޲ȥһ㶼֣ΪԼ߻ΪΪǵȫµ˶ȹ֮ɣ
ȴ֪Ů˶Ƶһ죬øһʲôãݰһ˻ǻᱻּеһŮ˵֮
ߴԭ¶ˣһǳ֪Ĳׯϰƫƫһ䣬С㣬˵ûе
ȷʵǻϵģֻͨϵҵͣٱʮꡣ
ߴĿⶼۼ˿˵Ͼҿ˲ԣһźţʲôøɣû»Ȫĵķššš
ͬĿϰһۣߴгüٳ֣Ȼ˾ûʲôãᱻɨسš
Źߴŭ˵οҲǲݰˣ˾ͻˣҵȥøңڡ
ϰˣû뵽ߴĴСƤݡƷǷԼסˣһʱᾹ˵
һԵһᣬ˻еƥ˵ӣⲼϻ򣿡
򣬸ﲻϰ岻˵Ҫ𣬲֪㲻
ߴ׿ϰ壬һĵͷ¶һ˿ЦƵƳϰһɫȴʲô˵вü֡
ϰ壬ЩܹǮߴָָľƥ
ϰ۾գգͱһ֣С㣬10ľС
ֵ˲ˡ
ôˣϰҶǼôأôұ˵㣿
ǰ10Ǯⲻǰ͸˼С𣿡
ϰ壬С㲻ǮҵǷǳҪҪҲң
ҿҪöƥϰ㲻ұһЩ
γѵϰ弱öͷֱðһǸĿߴ˼Ҹոտˣ10ģ10ӡ
һԵֲ죺ҲܱˣϰҲǱһЩҪ󲻸ߣһ۸С
ϰֱ׳Ļش𣺡λСòҲԸǱôࡣ
˿˹ߴþãҡҡͷĶɢˡ
ϰѾ˵ӲͣĲҵѾ߷һ侲ȥˡ
ߴǮֱˣﲻסĸ̾òһɱԼ㲻ף
˽ʱߴһ˲Żص˱Ժһ϶಻ԡ
ߴýرᣬҲʪ͸ˣǣȻط
սԷͷһɣƣվĿǷϣϻ˵ģڶˡ
ߴеκзŵױ̨ϣЩǣǱʵѵˣҪΪˣ
ᴨ㻹𣿡
۾ĿߴȻ§
ߣҶԲ㣬˵øֻһŮˣҪȥŮ˰ˣҹ͵ɽ￴ȥˣ
ߴĬĬͬŮӣҪ֪ô᲻
ˣȹ˵ؼϡ
ߣ˽ɣЩԾԾԡ
ûزȼ㸸ʡ
ߴܲûʵ۸ı⣬Ϊ˰ȫʱ
ҪסԼҩҲãһغˣͶ̥ǰһ
ãġ˵˲ߴ
ܵϲߴһͿָȫǻңʱˣ֣Զ㣡
ߡЩ֪룬ϴί
ˣȥԡţˣ
ߴһƿ׼ߵϴ֡
͸ˣ쵽ˮҲȥͬĴס裬ϴ֡
ͣϴˡߴæֶֹ챻Ƥˡ
Ŷáɫмź
ˣߴˣ룬գһ۸ô죿
Լһأ
ߴҡҡͷܾٻ
Ժ󣬲밲ߴ͸ɴķԸҺ͵׼һԡš
ǣū澽Ըܾһͬ»ػ
һ£ߴģߵ³ǰѡˮɫ»ɴȹͺɫۣ֯ݵܾϡ

 42 

ɣ͵ǾͿ뿪ˡ
ǣū澽Ը˵ܾһһˡ
ᴨڸߴЩɻվǶһ
ߣϥеۡһ²Żش
ߴϽǰĿӣһ֮£ϥϵϾЩĿģеĵطѪ˿
ʲôѵ£㸸ʷˣҲ²
븸ջسû뵽һöûУĸڵĻһ
˵˵мָˣĿߴͼѰο
ɵһԼʱѹˡ
ߴҲ֪˵ʲôãԼԼָۣۡ
һʵֲûӣһջسȫµ˶Ҫ¹ˡ
ίСģߴ룺ˣԼѡˣҲҪꡣ
ˣˣѹˣ㻹ң˲㣬㣬ҵĴ󱦱
˵˵ŹߴﲻϸŻ⻰ʵڲʺ˵ȫԼķ̫ɿˣ
ǷǳϲһÿҪιȥ˵ӣߣҾ֪ϲң
⻰ߴ̲ס͵͵²ۣߣ㻹أ80ĺøжȻǰš
ＤȲĴʱˣϵҩǾȥԡ
˵ͬʱߴѾߵβߣóҩ
ת󣬷ԭأҲ˵ʲôֱקߡ
·ʱһԵȡ
ߣۣҪߡ
ߣ߲죬һ㡣
ߣҪףһûˡ

ߴ򵥵󣬷ҪԽԽףɴ൱ûֻͷ·
ܿصˣһˣſҵļѹȥѹô죿
ŶίͰ͵Ŀһۣˡ
ͻȻ۾һ˳˵ߣҰɡ
ߴЩɣȻ͸ܵһ˫ǿļ̲סƺ߼ʹʹʹ
ߣô˵ž˵
ţСʵߴͦġ
һᣬЩ˯ˣ֪ô£оһůʣʵֻ˯
ߴЩԾúõôˣŬѣûϼ˯ˡ
ߣߣ˯ˡɫЩϲá
㣬˵ĴΣϣҪǼٻ
ĺõĹߴҪԼû췹ٵҲ
룬ȫѹ⣬ݺݵԼ£һЩϺɫĺۼ
ȹߴıװСЩί˵ߣո˯Դ󷢣һҪҸ𡭡
û˵Ļߴ˻ȥ
ߴƳһֳۣˣѰӲϹĹ۵Լͷϣһ㲻ʶûС
˵ûոǿԼ˵ֻŮӣ淢ʲôҲԸԼǿҪɣ
ˣҲƽϣ´ٸΣⱲӶó
ߴ쬵Ʈŵס·һӵܵϷ˵ĻƻŮ
״ûס֮͡ԹԵ̤ԡأ˵ϴˮʲôҲ̫塣
󣬲ļƻôʧˣùߴŵԼ𣬴ӱסֱۡ
ߣ㿴ˣҵʱûȷʵġ
ȥſãҿǷᣡߴѾˡ
ԹſԡرߣĴβö£Щˣͣ
ԹԵģҾͲ㣡˵ߴ§ס׼촽ȥǲ繡
֣Զøжֵ81ڰ׶Σٽ
ϵͳʾߴæƿϽԡŻûأ
Ŷߵġ
ߴƳһۣû˵ֻǿ̵Ķֱ֣ϴһ¡
ɣȥµңһҩ
Ŷһͷƺ˵ʲôûڡ
лֱ˵Ųš
ߴЩȥˣܣԼŻأ
ߣҾûϴɾЩطûϴɫЩߣ䶼ˡ
㲻ԼϴһͲȣˡߴһһ˵š
ܾĽɪɪվһһ˵ߣôҲܽܡ
мֵ
ߴȥһƺϣن£¡
˹ļϴ裬ôһֱӺӵ
ԡĹߴ滻»ɴȹŤͷԽûûƤˡ
Ȼֻһ£㶼û
ߴҲ˵óҩϸµİѸҩĵطȫͿĨã˳ᰴĦ˰յʱ䡣
˾ȵףͷ͵ɴ͵Լаɣ
һ·ϣߴصǲأֲֻ̫ʵһƿˤĽų졣
ԥһ£ǿסԼ֣ôҲԼϲˣôЩĲ̡
ۿ쵽ˣߴ̲סڣʿɶֹڳˡ
۾˸ߣ˼û˵ʱҾͿռˣ
һЩʵģһ㣬˽Σʱòá
ߴ֪Դﶼװ˵ʲô̻ɶǽŻֻ뵽͵£
ŶߵġȻܸˣĵͷ
ֻȵĴȮߴԴֱȣÿɰ
ŬάԼֵ󣬲ȥ
ˣιߴôûԴԼӣ
ʱߴЩήҲȻô£ܹû
ᴨҪҪԴƬҸһ㡣
ӡⲻֻҪ⣬ϲ
ߣһԷ⡣۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ߴޱġŶһָһӻƬָһӺҶ⡣
ߣҪʲôҸУлôЦмֺõζ
ˣˣ꣬طϢȥ
ߴɲԼˣǵóԵʲôʱ
áЩƲ֣ǲᷳԼˣ
ʱߴһֻĴȣ䣬šһѺࡣ
ᴨרţʲôأ
Цд˼ֲ⣬˵ͬʱȥЬĽ˹ȥ
ɫߺ죬Щ޴˵ߣҲ̫ˣһ˽ô죿
㲻ϲҡ
δ䣬ͼ͵Ļش𣺡ϲϲ
ǹߴǰѽˣ㵽Ϊֹͺãֻ붺һ˲á
ûϵȻСԼСȣԥһ£ߴһš
ʹջ˽ţίĶŹߴû뵽ԼӶЩġ

 43 

طӱһѱߴѹڴЦᶼˣǳ⡣
ߣ´ⲻңҾͼ֪𣿡
㷴ˣвˣߴͼѹźıʵû˵
ߣҾһССҪһҲֺ֡õա
źߣҴӦ㣬˰ɣߴ˼£ʾ
Ȼ֣òײűˣö౧һ񫡣
Ժ󣬹ߴͷˣһţˣôˣϽ֡
ŶЩίɵԱߡ
ɫѺڣߴֱ˵ʵˣҪҪȥ
ǰٻȥ˿ԥĻص
룬˭˵ǰҪģ
ߴЦЦĿ͵͵ҡ
ҡЩͷɥһֻ˵ľëȮ
ˣûô˯ߴ̲סݸһЦЦٻģ
áЩϲԽ
˼粢ڴϣߴҪ˯ˣͻȻյߣߣ뱧˯
⻰ߴ˵𣿡
һסĶͷƣһ·ǵ˲ӡ
ˣҪˣ㼱ʲôߴæסͷơ
ߣû¡ЩίҧҧĲӡ
ߴһʹϣõֳţˣ˯
мֲһǡ
ԣҲήҲɡ
Ŷ˯֪뵽ʲôɫǳá
ߴƳһۣĸ첲˯ˡ
ֻܵ§ߴҲԼִϣܿ˯ˡ
ڰУ۾֪ʲôٳû˯ͷҲ˯ˡ
ߴˣûһ¶ȡ
ŪЩ㡢ܾ־ͼҴҵ˽ˣ
ôˣһģߴЦࡣ
ߴ밲ū澸밲Ļ͵µĴӣӦûǰɣ
ôˣߴһΪӡ
ĻȻҪԡ飬öŮ˫ȫϸŲױ磬ū澸һ»̣ū˽½̵»֮ҹź£Ȼ͵ŵӭȢ
ַǳϲΪһ檲Ҫ̣Ȼ°Լӷϣί
ȵȣʲôʱţ
ߴ˰죬ûԼʲôʱźš
ĻʵڶĻū˸ŪģӡЦе˵
ھȥɣҶˡߴһ˯е㳤;ر
ǣū澽Ըܾ»ػȻȥõġ
źԡɡЦſڡ
źԼͺáߴϵľܾ
һҪﵽϴɾÿһطҪúϴɾЩɡ
ˣ֪ˡߴ⻰о̫
ˮ̧󣬹ߴϴһʹ£վһԳܾùĵġ
໹ͦģЩǳܾ㣬ߴˡ
֣ҾܾúãԲҶιȥô죿
̲סһ¹ߴЩĶ֮ҹСⲻڡ
Ҫܾٸһ뼦˿棬ڡ
ԣԡٳԡߴ΢΢һЦкֵʶȤ
ԡ飬ߴоЩѣûˣ˳ַ˱ɢ衣
ٻ˰ԡͰߣȻڹϵ
ܾʳлˣ½˿ͷߴʳá
״ߴʲôҲû˵ֻĬĬ΢ӿٶȣԵò˾ͺܾȥ
ûһᣬһŻϸˣɫмӡ
λǹطΪһƷھˣǵġһɵӡ
ŶǾ鷳ˡ
ߴǳǳһЦЩΣлᴨϲЩͷ
ʱޣķãֹɫ㣬ѹֵǷ꣬»ҪţԼػ֮
ߴûʲôë⿪߸̣ȡĺͷ
ߺ󣬹ߴԾױ̨ǰƺ˼ʲô
ͻȻʲô̴ľķڼµƷóŵϡ
Ѱβ̴ľױϻҩﶼװ̴ľ
³ױ̨ΣѾãŽ̴ľ
ûж©ˣ⣬ԺԼٻرԺˡ
깧ˣ󻹸ܾ㡣
ūź°ɡֿ˵
ǳȥԼͺáߴЦҡҡͷ
ǣū澽Ըū澸ˡܾص
˻ִ³óһ㡣
˰ɡߴӹһȻǿɿ㣬ЩˣҲ̫߳˰ɣ߹ô죿
ǻˡЩᡣ
ˣ¸׼ˡ
ߴԸһ㣬Ҳᴩ⿪ɿ㡣
ԣЦеģһҲûǿ˼ǵ¿ǵܵ
⻰ߴһ飬ȻԺ󶼲ӡܵˡ
ūȸˣºһǡ뿪ˡ
ߴºСºһŰѼ´ϣоʵŪãͰ˺˽
΢һ¼λ˳򣬹ߴ͸оˡ
ǵķ£˽˿ɴϼܾ㽫ҷصȹڼɴš
ߴױ̨ǰʱܾһԼҷصȹ
ҪСŰɣȻȥʱô죿ߴüоҷصȹе鷳
ƽʱڵϾˣѼŪôо̫ã
Ļ½ˣʱԱȥǳ졣
ߴûٿڣţԼᷢ١
һ׵٣ߴʵķԼ׵Σ˽ߺɫҩ޻
ߴԸԼһŨױЧǳãչƽȫͬķ飬üҩ䡣
ŹߴȥţܾϸĵĽȹչֽ͸Ľ˿黨˿ɴͷǸߴϡ
ͷ˸û𣿡ЩʣҪҪһͷ
ˣҾøոպãͦġߴЦӯӯ˵
Ƭ̺󣬹ߴ̲סʵˣʱʲôʱ򵽣
ĻˣŻһʱ䡣ֻش

 44 

ߴаСʱң̷ԸǸõĺ
ǣū澽Ըܾ¡
ܾ󣬹ߴͷǣµƷĺͱЩ
һ쵽ˣʱ棬Ѿſˡ
ߴ˹ĳ󼸿ڣɵĸԼɴͷǣӹϴɾĺƻȴĵ
ߴʱ쳣һѽ˱һ·ͨ裬ֱķŵ
λǡΡοգʻм챡ɴߴ治лᴨʲô뷨
ʮױžתһȦһȦ
ߴܾԼ˵￴ˣЩƣһСģеĺƻˣֻʣһˡ
ԥһ£Яѹ˰һһ㣬
һֱŹ˵£ߴʱһŸжûС
˷޽һڣ͵͵İ˳ѹ˹ȥ
ȹߴ鷿һ¾ǷԸˮϴ֡
ֺڻ鴲ϡ
ֽע⵽ߴеĺƻûˣϽýųܾ̿ȡһ
Ȼֶƻɲٶˡ
ֲ֪ƻǱԵģΪ·ϲСŪˡ
ţ֪ˡߴȻһЦмֲ˼

ϴ΢΢ˣûиκˣ˶ˡ
ȲͷǣȻӹֶĺϻƣ÷ڵȥš
ߣǺȽưɡ
ĿŵƹµĹߴԼˣԽԽ˷ܡ
šߴǹ˵ôģ
ԽƺһСںϻƣߴͲԸٺȣʵǲúȣе¡
ʱƺס촽ЩƿȴƲ
֮ɿ˹ߴ
ˣոʲôѵǶɰ𣿡
˵꣬ͳһˣȻǹˡ
һԵĹ̲סЦû֦ҲԼΪģҿɴû˵
ӵϴϴֲԺ͵˵˹ߴҿɲ㡣
һ£ҰѷϼжߴƳһۣʲô
ŶЩ˼ˡ
ߴ˽ժѵ˳ϵŨױҲжˡ
̾ϻˬˬıȽʣ¾Ժ໭ױ
תȥߴڱ֣ЩЦ
ҧҧĶ䣬źˣһк˵
ߣģо˺þõĴͼ϶û⡣
úñ֡

ҹǳΪԼǹߴһˡ
ʹߴݺݵҧ˼ڣҲоʹһֱϲ״̬
ѹ̵Ĵִ˴ҹģû˶
귽ЪŹߴ˵˺һ黰˫ֱͨߵ˸ڵϪء
ˣԼɡߴһһ㡰ಡĴ
ðɡɫЩź
ԡú󣬹ߴ˫ֱסǰᴨȥһ¡
ԣ˵ȥڵԷ»
ߴմ£ͱѹϣҿɲˡ
ߣҾúһ£¿ģԷ̫ˣ̫塣мίԺ
Ŷ㿴ɡߴйŮ쵹ǲ
ͷŵĴ˼飬ߣҾ㴩ʲôɫĶÿ
šߴڷһ£⻰ʲô塣
ߣһ𣿡һֻ֡
ˣߴ֪ʵҪʱ򣬡žһִ
ʱ䲻ˣǸ˯ˡ˵Źߴ׼ط
ұطڴĿ
Ҫ
ߴЩʧ䣬ԥһ£ǡ㱳һȥɡ
ϲԽĽߴڱϣԭ˼ȦҾ֪ϲҡ
ߴЩΣǰ仰˼
Ķ䣬ߴЦ˵ԣȥ˯ˡ
̴ľǧβͻȻͣߣҸ㻭üòã
ã㻭̫ˡߴҲľܾ
ٸһλᣬкú
ŵϣϷ
ߴסĶ࣬ʵôģ
ԼžġɫЩǺ졣
ŶߴĵӦһĶ䡣
ߣǲֻϲҵĶ䣿̲סʵЩί
ûаҶû˵ֻǲҵӣô˵ֻϲĶ䣿
ߴƳһۣһ˵
ûУҪǲţҾ͡Ҿ͡
˰죬Ҳûʲô
ˣЦѣ档ߴ촽м˿ᡣ
̲סǣǵò繡
ᴨʲôʱĻƽժǵ»֮ҹ㻹
ߴȥժߣס֡
ԥһ£һԼ
˵꣬ͽɫЩס
ߴһͷ۽һİ̺ۣҲ̣Щۡ
ˮǸطοʵͦģûʲôӰ졣
оԼһĿڣЩѡ
֣Զøжֵ82ڰ׶Σٽ
ϵͳʾøжˣߴ΢΢Щϲ⡣
ߣҪһʱܲˣԺᱻҵЩֵеһѹͷϡ˵ﻰ
û˵رġһϻλֵҪߴô죿
Ҫǹߴ֪뷨ǵЦô֪Լô֣
ʵĵǻ治ǶģϾߴǵòԴġ⻷
⻷ɱ޴󣬻нǵЧ
ô뵱ʵۣߴֱԲ˵
ǵñɢʣţҲ֪ãӦȥ̺۰ɣ
Ҳãλֻ֮ѡһҿ϶ѡ㡣ʱҲĸס
ߴÿɷģɵ˵𣿡
Ҳȷ81ĺøжֹܲܵλջ󣬲ͻλֲǶģѵͲлλ
㲻ŵĻٻһ֤㿴
Щˣ¹ߴԼò߲ϲģ
ͷ󺹣ߴ͡һЦû˵㡣
ٲ˯Ҫˡסס
Ҫ˯ˣ㲻˯Ҳˡ
ߴԹԵڱɺãﲻסĸ̾˾ˬ
ӱ§סߣ㻹ûӦһü¡
ҴӦ㻹𣬲ٴ˯ߴһѲС
ţҺġ̲סͷ˲
ߴͷ֣һ㣬´ˡ
ͣˣߴ΢΢ûþ˯ˡ
ˣհϨ𣬽Լһ£һҲ˯ˡ

 45 

ߴˣΪڣȻһѼ
ϸһһͷԼһһΪĽᡣ
ҪͿ㣡ߴЩͷˣ˰컹
ߣңҾԸңΪǵĶίͰ͵Ŀ
ŶҵĴ
ߴɴİѴýͷ
𴲴²ϴ·Ҳˣͽ㡢ֺܾ
ߴ󻹸ӭ㣬о֮֮С
ȷʵӭˣҲԣôѾߡ
ū澸º밲º򸣽𰲡
ߴӭ밲Ļһۣ΢졣
͸ôƶԼᷢǲԼ
ϴ50ƵĽѵ̫ˡ
ӭǲûչӣţôɫֻ6֣⣡
ѵָлᴨɴ˶ϧ
ζû˷ֻʵʵţӭԶƴգ۾
ϧ׸Ϲӿûע⵽עһֱڹߴϡ
ɡߴûڣʩŮ˵ļʮ㡣
ǣū澶л䡣
ߴƳӭһۣٴھȲƽϡ
ţױ̨ȥ˼Ȼͣ
ܣע⵽ԷĲֺͳԺĺƣֻǸӻ¡
ѹܾм죡
㣬١ߴױ̨ǰ£Ÿó̴ľǮϻӡ
ǣū澽Ը
㹧ĸߴͷ϶С
Ȼﵹصߴͷͼӭ㱻ͷɢߵڵأϻ˼š
˸ȥ
䣬һеץӭĽŰˣӭԴ˼¡
ߴعͷȥԼͷ
ˣߴվӣеǳ⡣
㻹βˣΪϲͷϵˮ䲽ҡ
Һ͵µĴϲ֮գûʹͣһɡߴЦ˵
ǣū澶лʹ͡˿ͷл
ߴָһѽӣܾ΢һ㣬Ԫ
㣬ؼķϣߴҲûץһСѽӷŵϡ
ȥ׼ţҺһˡ
ǣū澽·Ըū澸ˡ
ӱ󻷱סߴߣոշʲô㲻㶼ң
Ŷոô£ߴ뻹¶ܲµˡ
ҸոձŮռˣͷʱûϲ䡣
ίĲ˲ߴײ㲻ˣ
ߴЩЦռˣ˵óڣԼҵĴ󱦱Ȼܹԣ
úã´ٽߴڿ˿䣬תƻ⣬㲻üھͿԿʼˡ
˵ˡߴۿӣⷢ⻭üˮƽͻͽϵԼˣ
ߣûвҪҪҰЩҩЩԾԾԡ
ˣҺܺáߴ쵶նĹϾܾ
ǽɽꡣ۾һ
ŶаߴҲܵûлؾ

ţŹߴ˵黰ʵ۵ּ͵ˣߴһ˽ʥ
ΥߴôϴӦһȥ
ȻȻĸڹߴԣּ̫ΪѣҲʲô
󣬹ߴһ·԰һŮ˳·м䣬ǵŮߵѾߡ
ū澸º밲ūҪ౨˱ܡ
һ̫˵ԶԶģֻܿģӰѾ߲һѸٰѻ˵ꡣ
ҼСӼ󣬾ͨҼҴ˽źˣѾɣ¶谮мӣ͸¶ڰºСΪ޻˼ؼСԵºģҲͷ磬ºСġ
֪֪ΪǱҲ󣿡ߴԴ߰˷ְա
ūֻлͰū澴ߣҿܲˣ
˵ͬʱѾۣ߰¶ǰ̺۵ֱۡ
ߴתͷһۣû˵֪Լ
ҴӦˣɣҲܱ֤һߴ㣬ʹ˵˲㡣
û£ԸæūѾܸмˡѾ߸м˵
ãʲôҲõʱҪˡߴüЩͬ顣
ū澽ΪЦЩϲ
ҼסˣԼСһ㣬ˡ
ū澶л㡣
ߴԶˣһ̫Ծϣǰ·ںβ档
һ·ͻ۾ߴֲ֪Ӵ⹬΢
ºСͷºԵƬ̣ūȥһ
ȥɡЩ
ģ֪ĻΪ̶ѨҶ£ʲô
ߴһЩˣ̲סЦ
ᴨôɰ
Դ֪ǵŮӵǳ鷳ߴоͰ˽֮
ߣ˿˲áһ˵
ģǻȥ档ߴöͦġ
ûȶãͱٽȥ
밲С
ϥأɵʣȻ˵һߣԼ
檼ºС
ߴԥ˰죬ȥʱʵһץסü
ʵʲô˼
һ;ǼزŮԺʽϾͲ¹ֻи񡣡
ţʵ۽ɴ޺ק𣬡ɣǲ̫ˣ޵ĶӶ񣿡
һʱûӦʵۼˣΪѳǵ澣޹£
ߴˣǴ˵еĳ谮мӣûأ
ɿ޿Ĺһߣߴ򱻻ʵ޺£Żʵۻ
վһԹۡ
ʵ۷ǵûΪѹߴкøУзǳԺҾ֪ҵߣ˶ϲ
ע⵽ɱѾãʵۻû˼һߡ
ûµļд³Ǵġ
ߴȻһֱĹעɣ룬ɻĪΪ֪Ĳ
˵ҺСͦԵֵģΪȥȺ󣬾ûô׼ˣȴû뵽ڹԭǽѽ
ʵһץص㡪ȥȣ¶ʱǳ澶˿ˣ
Լ֮ǰţ
ɻ̱ڵأؿƿܻǱʵ֪ˣ޵Ŀߴ
ߴյⲻʹ񣬼赭дĴ̼ʵۣСһǹµģбпԡ
ʵȥˣֻðŭ𶼷йϣˣּ⣬ɱΪ澣¾ɵٽһٺꡣ

 46 

̫ཫߺ󣬹ߴΪӣ£ں԰һĹŮһʣȥҵѾߣ֪ɲԣ
˵꣬һεĿŻʵۡ
Щɣߴ˺ģʵʣͬһСС󡣡
ʵ۶ʱ緢ӦҪ󣬶ŵֻҪߴˣΪ
һᣬּΪ񡱡
ߴлָлʵزŮӮĸоˬ
ֻһѲô죿
Ҫǻʵ۵̬ǶҲԷĳ֣ƻ֮ھͰνͲ
ʵʩʲô۲һʱգš
ߴŻʵ˻죬ӣһԸͨŮ
ãʵΪˣߴҲ뿪ˡ
ߴһʹͻصͿȴ㡢ܾڴſǻ
ߣǵԺӡߴЦĿڡ
ǣū澽Ը
̲סЦտǺһ
صԺ˽ǶʹͷűⷿæȻ졣
ɰͰվţȴߴİš
ߴһɣָǸҵѾߣ
ūԸΪЧȮ֮͡»ػʮּᶨ
óʲôߴЦӯӯʡ
ūóױµ㡣Ļش
ҸװָͼܰѱȽϻԭ𣿡ߴЩ¡
ū澾ϴ̶ȵĻԭСĽ˵
УҵѾߣһȴѾߴͦġ
ǣū澶л䣬
ϲԭΪԼһʱ֮òãϾ²ǰŷ
Ժͽ㡣ߴһ뵽֡
ǣū澶лͷл
ɣھȥܼԤ֧һ˳Щҩ˵ҵķԸ
ߴʵЩᣬеļҵǼ·ͷ֧ûС
㻹ûü߳ԺӣʹŹܼҼһ˹ոм´뿪ˡ
ߣǸˡǰߴ
֪ˣ
ߴһļЩú˵𣿷Ҫ§§
ŶáЩίôñˣ
ߴãͼۼ˺ܶˣЩɻ
ǰһϢʸߴһţԺǳ
ڷǰȲĿڡ
ԱŵĹߴЩΣС¶Ҫ
Ȼ˵뷨ͬһ׷ϲɫǰϲ
ū澹ϲ
ɫĪ⣬仯ˣʲôߵߴǰ£ū澹ϲūֻԸþõź
ɡߴЩƣǱģ
ū澿´һᶨߴ
ߴһ˿ڣԼС˼˷ˣҲãͽ㡣
ū澶л䡣ͷл
ɡߴӻһߴȥҪӵİ
ǳʶĶԶ㣬Ҳ֪ߴһʱ᲻뿴Լʵڲ뱻ţζܣ
ߴٯٯĳţߴС԰ϲϲ㲻˵ӣһÿ𣿡
ţ羰续ǣ⼸ú÷ɣôˣ
ߴָűǼ÷ɫƷֵ÷Щ档
룺Ϊʲôôʹصڱˣ
Ϊû򵽣ʱ÷һ£Ͱǻ
鷳ˣҺɫ
ߴϷǺãͬʱڵĻһţһļǻڣ
šӱסѹϣա
ᴨȥһֽīߴ΢΢ƲƲͷ
ãϻ
յĹ򲻵ͻˣһĹߡ
áߴǣѶӹŵϡ
룬קһ£ȻڸƣҪ㻭
ߴȼʻԶдʵĻһСָһȪۡ
ǿʱ̧ͷϣһ¶˳
ȻߴϻǺƽĲӿ
ģϹҵˣ
ҺһӲ̫ʹĶ
кöΪ֪ã
һѵҾ⣡
ҵôģ
ѵҲЩˣ
ҿζеأ
ˣôԼѡģ
ʵԼĴ󱦱ʱͦɰģ
ȣȫס

󣬹ߴȪˮվӵıӰ¶һ
ᴨɣһˡ
Ͻ·ɵĻ̲ס¶ίߣҸոյƲ𣿡
ٸĸġ
˼Ƭ̣ߴ»һֻưС̬ĵִֺӣһֻɵβϡ
ôߴǳ⡣
ߣ⡭ˣΪʲôֻǶһֻ
ʲô⣬⹷ɰͺһɰߴЩһۡ
˵⻭̫ˣоֻأϣеԼԻӰ
Ӻͺߴָָ
Ŷߣ
Ȼʲô壬ûġ
ȻôϲҾʹ͸ɡߴһӡ
ߣáжԸϲĻ͸غϲԼ
ԽԽô£鲻Խ§ס˱С졣
ˣȥˣ̫ɹˣ졣ߴʾ֡
ԣֱӷԸˣȻԺ󣬻͵鷿ͻԺ
ȻһıŹߴ߻ԺԼ̫ˣһܸж
ߴһµأҧ°һڣԶ·
ߣˣֻǾ»һ㡣Ͱ͵Ŀ
йˡߴƳһۡ
ŶЩɥòߵˡ
ߴҡ϶֡
ЩȸԾߵ죬űס
ߴ˫סడ࣬ڴš
ֺ󣬼һί§ڻףȻĿһϲ̵ģ
ߣ롭
û˵꣬ߴ½ֹˣϰɣʱˣš
ھŰɡϵĿڡ
̫ˣϻġߴЩԥ
̬Щҡȴ˵ҹǿԳҹ
УȳԵߴͬˣѵóԴҹҲ޷
Ҹȥá

 47 

ӱһشı滹һЩţɳ˿θڴ󿪡
ԭߴûһ˶ֻ̣۰Ͱ͵Сģ˶Ȥζ붺
߻˻ΣͨͨԼһȫˡ
ҪҪһ룿ڵ˵
ˣžͺáߴҡԼȥ
ͻȻһЦ㶵ģЩ
ˮĹߴϣһһ׵ĸͶι
ԵӣƲסԴֱȣ
лϣߴԾȻȲһֱڷ
ѹܸоᴨôأ
֪˼£һȫѹߴϣ㾪
Բۣлᴨôأҵ㻹
֫ıߴưƣǲ
ߣܲܰÿɫǺ죬Щɬ
ߴע⵽һֻֻϣȻЩĸоϽջ
תۼ䣬λµߴգգۣЩţٶû˭ˣ
ߣιɡ˵ſ졣
ߴԽԽɵģԡ˵ҨһԼ
֮пɫһƲס𣬡ˣˣ졣
ԹԵſ죬ιһСڣԼֳһڣôһˮˡ
һ㶼ˣҪȥԡ
ߴ˵˾³źɫȹ
⣬ĽŲϴһԧԡ
طʱӱסߴֶ
ߴư͵ĺϪصĸطƸꡢ𽵹
ºҹڴϵĹߴоԼЩԳˣһӡ
һʱȥˣоˣˣ˯ɡ
ߣһ㹲ɽ
ЩСߣ֪߻ԸԸ⣿
ðȥѴͼơ
ߴЩ棬ⴺͼʲôӣôơ
û뵽˼ͼ˼С顣
˼ҳͼߴȥˣֱ̫ˣһ㶼ҿ̻̫ˡ
һһı
ַС飬е̫¶ǣе̫ûзģͰǶһߡ
״ͳһذ棬ȻͼĲïġ
һ߶С飬һǰϷͻȻߴƿһʱЩˣ
ᴨҺˣеʹ
ߴ벻ǱԶ˵Եʰɣ
һû٣û£Ӧԭ²ɡ
Ұȥ֪֡Ǻã
ãȥءߴʹ˵ʲô
ִ´ߴúЩ岻ҪҪõȥ˯
Ϊʲô
˵꣬ߴͷӦŴŮ£ͨͬΪ±ΪۻģܶӶ⡣
أߴ֮ǰš
ĻԸȥˮˡֺǼ
ǣòԶְɣ
ߴЩһĺˮܺȣЩɻС»ȥ
ǵµһƬ⣬㲻úȣҲֳ
ȫĺˮڴպܺ¶֪
źˮߴһ飬Ҫӹȥֹˡ
ȵȣߣҸ㴵һ£ιòã
۰Ͱ͵ùߴܾˣ룺̫ˣҪһһڵĺȣϣҪѺȵ£
һڣջԼ֮ǰ뷨ģĳչȻǸǵģǰȹĻҪúȣ
ᴨ㶼ЩʲôߴоԼԵѸɡ
ҳ˷ɽѩۡɽɽѩһЩʡ˿÷Ѹɡɽ髡
˵ͷͷǵ֪˻Ϊˮء
ͣס֪ܰٲȣˮҪˡ
ߴ岻ʣû˼˵ȥˡ
ˮһҪߵ˼ûУָˣһסߴһİࡣ
ܵһůڸǻߴϲдһ˿Թôôû׼ˮúˡ
ˡǳ޹
ߴǶ°;һڣҧ֮
ߣҧҡ°ͣɫЩί
ôҧҪҪҧ
ߴ뵽Լȷʵͦϲҧģ˭޹ίСģɰԼʹ
ءһҧҧ촽ùߴԽֻС̹
˯ˡ
ߴ۾˯ˡ
״§ԼĻͷ˯ˡ
ߴչһӣСĴ
ߣǲǰˣίͰ͵ʡ
ûУôأߴҲ˵
±׷ʣɴȻСɵ϶ʱͷתֻױ
Ժ󣬹ߴקקĸ첲ǽȥ̫ʦѲȵ㣬ȡͲ¸ˡ
ţߵġǺܹɡ
ϧߴһʱ֮ô̫ˣ֪ʲôû޸ͶŻ¡
ҪǿõķϣŲ֮ǰ˦һ䲻ˣ
ˣӦúûϵܿɴͷ磬ǨŭԼҲЩĲ̡
ôһ룬ߴˣû
ߣáͷ˲Ĳӡ
Ϊ˳з㣬ߴ˫Ѿ٣Ȼݣ˲Υ˼ֻһ¡
ţߴ˼ҶֻһĹ̫ʦ϶š
ߣΪʲôҪ̽Ϣҵ飿˳ߴ½ǡ
ۼΪʵΪ顣ߴڷܵ
ʵеģЩںԺͦû˼ġ
ߣ˵öԡԥĵͷ͡
ϻϽһ̫ʦҵСסģߴһۣĵʱ
Ŷ§ݶϱȥںԺһ鷿ݶͣˡ
ߴŵİש߰߼飬˼ۣɴһ̲סſϸ̽
鷿һׯСĽ§§ܣʱʱĶӡ
дëʱ˻һ𣬴С֣ͻȻСգȻߺ
ߴ̲סͷͷһۣԼ·𿴼ε͵ñӡ
ߣ㿴ҸյߣС˵Ļ
㿴ûʲô뷨𣿡ߴ̽Եһ䡣
̫ʱˣ̫ʦСŷĳ£Ȼҵ֤ݣһ£̫ʦŮ˵ҵܲС⡣

 48 

˵˵Щߣ̫ɶˣ֪ͻˣôΪ˹ɼ飬ֱûѻʼҷ
⣬ͻں󡣡ߴ˵ȥˡ
ڻȨϵĹŴӦ˶ϣǼﹴʡ۱ˡ
Ҫٸһλᣬ5֮ڣ˶ϾϵǾͳ֮˽һ·˵ˡ
ߴЩģϾִ㲻ʲô
ãģڸĵĻݹҲԥһ£ǴӦˡ
ЩͬƳһۣߴȡһλᣬϣܹס
Ͼ˵ȷʵˣ¾͸Ϊ˸𣬸ӦеĴۡ
ʹִ˻ԼҲź˿ȻֻǴӵ²
ߺȥѼ֤ݣߴˣ˰ɣݾ߿ɲá
ˣ㻹ȥðɣȨһ룬ָı⡣
ߴͻȻ뵽һ̫ʦŮ뵱֤ô죿
ɲԼ鷳ԼҪ
˷ֶˣֲ̿Ҳû취ֲἺΪ˵ĺˡ
õ֤ʵ˴˽ʫƷ󣬾ʹŹߴظˣѲȥ
󣬹ߴСһѲ
ں԰һòŮӣ·ʱβڶеǰӿһһչַΡ
ߴһʱͷķӦǵԼС
ߣֿңЩίֵֹԼ
ֻǾС̬Щ飬㲻ϲ͵𣿡ߴЩΡ
˭ҥֱϹôϲӹ֬׷ۣͷĸһߣ㻹ҵ˫Ķ
ҼǴ˰ɡߴϽתƻ⣬쿴ģҲ̫
ߴƳһۣƲ۾ˣѲĹ
ŮӶһǿ׳ūͿЦͷ촽Ÿɴǰ㣬ūȥˡ
벻ǿ£Ů˵űɴȹˣļ֣ɦŪˣ⸧Ū
ŪɧһԹſ˵߲ܣ˸
ߴΪҪں԰ϣЩɻǲӻû
ᴨˣҪҪȥߴЩᣬᷢʲôԤϵˡ
ԥ˰Σɵĵ˵ͷȥɣҵҪѲҵŮжˣ
ǹߴѰһᣬѲС뷿ݶͣ˽ŲĳЩĿ
ŮūڽϣԱ߻ڶֶš
ϴ鷺ģһԸģұ˴֮ЩĬȻǵһηˡ
֮УߴŭʽĲҲûȥǼ֪
ûϵû뵽Ͼ֪ܵļˣ¼ߣˣСĳۣ
Ľ˼䣬˵žͰѹߴ۾סˡ
ߴòˣף̫𣿡
ԥһᣬ˵Ҿб飬Ҫ˵һ£Ȼȥɡ
ţ߰ɡ˵꣬§Źߴȥˡ
ص̷ԸѲСһ£Ȼѹߴ鷿
ᴨʲô
ʱˣߴԺ
ߴӴϣš
ߣұһᣬҾøոյĳ̫ˡ
룬ߴţ˭֪Ƭ̣Ȼ˼ֶš
ס֣²Ÿ
ҪòߣЩƲ֡
ҡߴϹ˵档
ôãҪû¾ͺˡЩź
ŮӲ£ӡߴһ˵̽һ̬ȡ
ǻɣиߺҵĺӡ¶ᡣ
ҲҲߴֱͱõĻ롣
ߣңίͰ͵Ķ
˵ģӿܲеġߴ֣µ˵ʮء
ŶûоûаɣҲں
ֲҪӣֻ躢Ӱסߣ̬ȣҲá
ǻԼأŬŬ߳ᰮԼ
ᴨ˵ģ
Цӣߴõ
ߣ˵꣬͡
ߴ̲ס촽Щίɿ֣ͷǳǵǡ
ǲӦ˯鷿ˣߴǵżҲ˯鷿
ˣֻǵĸ㣬ǿһֱճһ飬ߣǲǺһǳˣ
ðɡ
ίߴæĿڣҲͱȷǳһ㡣
˻죬͵ŵʱˡ
ߣ뱧šԥԥĿڡ
ߴҲľܾ
ģôȣ§һûرˣڲܶ˺ü衣
ߣ㲻ˣôһҪ󶼲ңЩԹ
ˣˡ
ߴֻԺáϴãϴ˯
״§סԴĲߣףĻ
ԣˡ˵ߴһڡ

ֶԹߴС¹òҪз⻰Ǳȥˡ
뿪ߴѹڴϣߣȻƭң˵Ҫ¡
ҿ󡢲𣿡ߴǿЦش
ԣȻԡԼϣòҡ
ð˵꣬ߴҧҧ䣬ЦӯӯĿҪҪ
ߣҧ촽
ߴȥʱ棬˵ѲСһѾ
Ϣߴ´΢һѣȥ˸á
ҲˣȻʼһһʮĽԭίʵ㱨
һϷߴζо£ȥѲ۲ػࡣ
ռĹҲѲС㣬ֻһѾߵỤ̊ǲѲѪö֪
ѾߵѲĴû뵽Ѳֻ棬תͰѲ˴á
Ѳ˶ԼԭѾһûֱһȺūŰԺ
Ѿ߾ڼԺС͸̹ޣ̴Ӷޢ껪ͿʼӿͣгԹޡ
Ѳ˲ԼŮ޸ޣΪ˵бһѸԵߵ
ѲС㣬Ѿĵͳǡ
̴»֮ҹŭѲһӣūҸ㣬һѲˣһ漢͡

 49 

ᴨôߴ֣Ҫ˵Щ¡
һϢ͸¶ѲУʣʻƴõģǾͱմˣϾ̫ʦСҪԳֽ
ͦãȥɣҵš
õôãһͻ
ãȥء
ߺ󣬹ߴ߰ˣ뵽ϼٺʮ˿ݣٲҪˡ
֪ô£ߴ²ŪңĹǷ˵ǰֻ࣬ӲͷƤȥ
ָһӼ䣬ѾЩ飬Էӣıڸ֮˵˵⡣
֣Զøжֵ83ڰ׶Σٽ
ͻϵͳеĹߴѣ⾳롣
̧ͷͷѵĿԼ㲻
СɵΪԼרŸġ
ԼĶȷʵҲƭ顣
ߣҾҿԸһ㣬û뵽Ҹô
ǳһж޷԰εģ
ߴһƺȥѣ˭
˼ûǲСɵϼƽϣһԣ
ߣ㡣˵Ͱһ
Ƭ̺󣬹ߴĺ󾱣ˣȥҲûš
ߣѵˣһҪ޳ȥӣ񼴽Ҫ˶ССǳί
ߴˣ֮Ĵ𣬸Ͻںôأᴨôɰϲòˣǵ塣
˵ϹˮƽòԼԼˣ
һᡣ̵˵
У˭ҵĴ󱦱أߴԼ£ôĻҲ˵óڡ
һȥˣߴܲˣûûˣܲе׷
뵽׷Ϳˣߣǽϴԧԡɣþûһˡ
⻰˵ãͼʱ䣬þã
ߴĬҪҲ֣ʹӦ˰ɡ
ò࣬蹲ԡĻʹĿͣ޲ϡ
ڸӴûеģǹߴԸ⣬ֵĻй˼ɡ
ɵϣʱˣߴ˯ˣʱͻȻڣߣҴȥ侩ô
ôȥߴھܾ
ҴȥʽΣĵļ顣
ߴĶˣ׽һֻСֻ
ߣҪҸһֻҰĲȫҲľܾһץô죿
ҲУǴԾͲȥˡߴԼһ粻ֲܿŮӻǱȥ˰ɡ
Ҵȥתתôתһ⣬һҪȥ档
ĿĲݵģߴšһϲ
һ徲ˣûãߴ˯ˣ§ڻҲ˯ˡ
գߴһӦӦü׹ϻɫ廨ȹ
磬㡢ֵܾ˲ȥߴɴ͸Ƿһ٣ȥ档
˼һЩ£ϳ
ЦһȺ˻˼ֻѼ죬ֻʳĺãչĳա
ߴԴ˲һʣȥֻԡ
˴γõǱ㳵⻹ǹߴһγôݳ޿
ڿռʮֿСһɣΨָ
Ҫһ𣬹ߴҲûƣ෴ŲŲصضλá
Լһ𣬹ߴǾܾģ𤣬̫ˡ
ߣڲб𣿡ˡ
ҲȡߴƳһۣѵԼж
Ǹů¯ǾǸ¯
˵ˣĺί
״ߴǣԣȻȥԺ뱧ñá
ʱѪֻС̣˵ģʱ׼ܾ
һʱȥˣȵˣɽҰҰرۣӭҲĿ
ô໨ΪʲôƫƫȣߴЩɻֻһ㣬ûرࡣ
ΪƷȫһЩƷΨȲܿռβȴƮˮĸöָ
ԼֵĻˣ֪ûоѧʶԨ
ߴû뵽Ҳô࣬ⲻص㣬ص˵ЩƷ֣ԼȫûжӦĻ档
ôɰͰ͵ĽܣԴȥһ¡
ᴨ㲻˵ˣԼȥ˳Ұѻߴϡ
ߴһǰͷŻ߽͵פ
ĵطͣ˽Ųߴһᾰī续΢ʾͻˡ
һ֮£סˣƬƬİٻ⣬˲ɣ
ߣ㲻һÿһˣҲ̫ЩίĿо
㻹𣿡˵꣬ߴ⼸ʻһȹӵĻˡ
ǣ֣оЩЩ⣬ߣͲ𣿡
Ŷˣ´ΰɡߴԥĻش
Ҫ´Σڻ𣿡´ô죿
ûУûָСߴ뻭˲ġ
˵ˣֲܰкָƾձ룬Źߴĳߡ
һյʱ䣬ߴڼǰߣ̲סѯʣҪȥģ
ûлشֻ˫ֱֽߵһ²ͣ½Ų
ŸƵ£ߴǴԼͱڵΡվ
ߣһҡ˵ţͿʼͽֱʯڡ
ҪߴЩץ񣬺úõģʲôң
һ룬ͷһۣ˵Щʲô
ʱץŵʯɶˣּۿĻһ͹ʯͷһԭʯȥˤ˷ǡ
һĻ۵׵Ĺߴ̲סĵһ룬书ǿ߱ڲڻ£һͱӦѲ
ôģﻹЩսľ
ʱȥˣӰײˣߴɴ˿黹ɾʯͷ
ϷܲڹԻûɹùԶ˰ɣ
ô룬ߴ˳ǵһʱȥ˱
Щ֪룬˻Ұߣ֪ϲϲصظժġ
ϲҲһ㣬ֵȥɣߴôк壿
˵ⳤϵ͸֮ˣ˾ͻ鶨벻
´α˺һ㶼ףôһ
ߴҲķȻͼͰ͵ĿԼСرί
ˣ¾ǡ
⻰üɫߣôǰ˶ء壬Ҳ˵ġ
ߴ̲ס²ۣ鲻õĿܶˤˣȥĵȻõĴԡ

 50 

Źߴһһ߻ȥߴȻе˳һЩ
ͻȻǻ书ΪʲôʹṦɻȥ
ᴨôṦֱӴҷɻȥ
ߣϴŻµ£
롪ϲôߣߵģ;úҸ
ŶˡߴſͷϲٿڣתӲļ⡣
ܵһһģø𾢣·Сӵõİһ֡
ߣˣܲˡͷðԽԽơ
Ҳô죿ߴģȫ֡
ҲûʲôֻǽѹҰ˺þá
ߴѷǳң֪ĻΪҰˣ뵽һݺݵҧһڡ
ߣҧңҧ
ԽװͰ͵ӣԽ˵ԽСˣ߰ɡ
ߴһѣקߣ̫Ѿм䣬Ҳó緹ˡ
ʹĽлƤѼˮ죬ߴǹûɫҰ
磬³ĴŹߴȥΧĺۡ
ﳤ˱̵ĺҶ߻һҷõСȥõӣҲƾɡ
˲С뻮ȥҪߴһ⻮´
ɻлµߴ뵽ۿɿڵźӡ
ԼˮǾֻȥˡ
ᴨժźӻȥԡߴЦӯӯĿ׹ȥһۡ
ɹĽյˣһʱ͸ɴѵ£ˮһ
ȥˣߴû¶ͷЩǣ
ոմսˮ棬ͱˮһ
лᴨİɣ
ߴŭգﵣġ
ߣ治ǹģҾһԶһ㣬ʡ鷳æ͡
ʪ£ȷʵܶźߴûƽϣܸоĲԾ
һ޹˳˼
һߴͻȻ书Լ
ǰϻɣ
þãߴƶϣôһȵС̹
ˣˣװģһӲ¶ڣ
˼󣬹ߴͷһ߻һ߲ժӡ
⻭̫ǿңһ뵽жԲŮдٿԸߴģ̲ס͵֡
ߣЦʲô̲סʵѵﲻԾ
ߴԼ֪Цһ±飬ûʲôֻ̲סпã
ԣЦ֪Լôһǳжû׷ѹ
صߺ󣬹ߴ󣬻һȽϳˮī
죬޾ĺɻҶ䣬һһŮˮϽǣ
ȻˣȲĿ佱ߣ㻭ã񣬼ֱ
˵˵ģߴôնĻͲܽЩģ
ж̬о̬һɻʤգнǣ̫ˣҪϲһԡ
ˮϽǣˮģһ˵Ļǿǿͣˮϡ
ֹߴɫЩڣԼʲô۰Ͱ͵ϣһʾ
һ˽ȥɡߴҪԼ̸ʵûԼأ
뵽ֻһ϶ͼԼ裬ڵϳ±мһŴ㡣
ջãߴһ̧ͷͷһߵĶԼߣôӣ
Ŷôˣߴһ޶ԡ
һ§סݺݵ˵Ҳģ
Ҳ֪ⲻʵһģ档ߴûҭ
ҲСίͰ͵ߣԶһ𡣡
ߴ뻹Զ±ܲͶ̥һ綼⡣
ֱߴ֪ԶԶҲС
Ŷʱ䲻ˣǻȥɡߴֿʼתƻ⣬Ĳ֪ôش
Щʧܿ񣬻οԼһߺˡ
ص󣬹ߴ³о仰˵ġץס˵ģץס˵θ
ǰͻȻԥˣտɱԼõö࣬һףӺøжô죿
ˣ˾͵Լա
ߴѾ˼źƬŴźǴźƬź峴ź˿Ͱ˱Ŵ׷
ڼҪæһھܾˣ˭⣿
ûʳߴϵͳʾ
֣Զøжֵ84ڰ׶Σٽ
ԭΪǺøжҲҪȳζԺû뵽ֻǳ⣬⻹ûԵأ
Ժ󣬺͹ߴԤϵһûмӺøУȻǳ㣬Ҹӡ
ôóԣ붼챻ɾˣ
ߴ̲סҲˣζֻ˵޹޹֪ĻΪƷʲô˲˼ζ
ߵһθ³ҵȻҪúϧĻش
԰ɣƶˡߴ΢оЩ顣
ź󣬹ߴźȲʳһûһš
ȥϪԡߴЩ⡪Ȼûжֶţͷһճϴ衣
մĨغС£ͻȻӱձ𣬹ߴһ
ҷﻹûꡣ
ߣôˣҲҪѵġİ˱鰸ϡ
ȻԺô˼黭ߴʾǿҷԡ
תƵϣ˵ߴǿҿܡ
齡ʡҡԼǽɽꡣ
ȽԺ󣬹ߴģȥԡһֱشϡ
ߣȥ侩ǣòãᡣ
ôִţĿĺڣߴͲˡģΪʲôҪܣ
ߣ뻨Ǯ㿴еĶ
룺һ߿϶벻һǰǮ£෴˧µ
ԣߴ̲ס´룺ѵԼˣ
лᴨһɵǮĪǵҵɵתɣ
УҴӦˡߴҲСϺûбҪ
һ󣬱۾Ĺߴû˯ţʹǳƣ
ʱֻûлӦ͸ܵԼձһڡ
ߴ̲ס۾㻹˯
ЩԾܿعԼûʲô£ֱ׳Ļش𣺡㲻Ҳû˯
㳳ˡߴڸһ
ҲšԼֲǵһôˣǰɴûѹ
óĽ۱߸û˯ţڲƭԼ
ţ¶ί
ߣû˯š

 51 

ҪҪ˯
ߴ˲˻ԣҲ治ɫոʲô¶û
㡣²Ҫæ
ںʲôֶΣߴûоֻܾû뵽Ȼַ
˯ǰһ뷨˯ǰ˶˯ߣ
ȹߴѾʱһ̣ٹһʱҾͿֱˡ
һ뵽ȣߴһӾҪúõϢ
Ƶ֪ϢһԳ̫
ǵҪŹ֣ߴ˳ƽ٣ⱦֲʧŵĻʤκͲҡ
ţȲŹߴţԭ㳵
˹䣬ߴûʲôģֻǵҪš
ǳȣͷ㺹죬ûڣܾʹóһֱŵı롣
ߴһڣֱţʱˬҲûô꣬ѡС⡣
Դˣʾ㣬Ǯˣõֽӡ¡ؽ롢ľᡢȡ塢ҡǩʼܡҶޡƷš
ɫˣǻȥɡ˴죬ߴҲеƣˡ
ߣ㿴ЩС¶ȥҹУҲһȥ棬ôЩĽ
ͷԼƻ󣬺ܶŮϲȥҹԼ̸˵
Ǳ˴˵ĻԼ󣬻һЩ͵͵˽ġ
ߴ΢΢һüϴŵĳ˲ΪѣգͻȻͷͬˡ
ϲǣŹߴҹȥ·ȫ¾˵ӡ
ȻЩɵߴǷǳϵٯٯһ칷
ûעĵطͼĵǣǣ֣϶̵ġ

·ݵʱһű¶̻Ůӱһȵõڹߴ¡
ŮͻȻץߴĽţ̱һ߷ɣҵ˲ԶͷĹϡ
ˣѵΪ˻ĵ⣿ҪǽʵʵүһؼңҾͲƽˡ
˵ţͷ˵קס̻Ůӵķ٣ü⡣
ߴ£ͻȻӭ֣̲סȻײˡ֡
תһ룬ҲСĲҲܶ
ʱƫƫͷҪˣ˵ʲôСɧȥˣ
ߴһȣһͷ°ܾͣǰ˲ȵŵ¡
ߵſڵϵӭǰߴۣ̫ˣѹĳࡣ
ӭûֻ֣ǲסĿͷ˷ģȼһ
˵ɡߴӸӲҲ̶ãһ֮ġ
Ҫǿɼ檹ţ˭֪ȥ˾ûûͷ檵ȻǲԸģֻǮֻðѼ檲Ը뿪¥ͱȭߡ
УҾͰһأᴨ䡭ȵȣǮǶ٣
󲻹󣬺ܱˣֻҪ200ҪǮӭ¹ߴڡ
ˣǮǻߴֻǺȻԭ50Ӿͱˡ
ӭڵϣᣬ·Ҫ޳ί
ȻǮǸˣֻתͷͷԸȥһ£ϣ̰ܲˡ
ߴЩôӭ
ӭͻȻڣ˲ضǣһãһֱڵȼ檣˵øл䣬Ȼ200Ӿͷˣ檺һֱǮǮȴһһߡ
ȥʽֻǲǵüԭʲôˣ˴
ߴоԴ˾ǣһֱڸ˴֪һȡ̫ˣ
ͽѿ£ΣߴǵһϷĽɫͦϲֵġ
檶лˡ
ǵѿԼǮߴûʲôֻ˽ĲؽԺд¿Կ
ڳ֣ߴû֤Ͼǻģ˭֪Ժʲô
ԭΪ¹ɵˣû뵽Ȼ˸͵
ʱߴմӾ¥ûһ12ҵСкײһ¡
ʹСкǸˣЩߴֹˡ
һµСӰˣƽʲô
ô˵ţߴҲЩ䣬·ôƫƫԼײ
̧ˣȻֲԾо࣬һӦȥĺɰ
װ˽ӣ֮ЯǷˡ
˭֪Ȼûţߴ̲סͷһֻʣˣ
ᴨոС͵Ǯҵĺɰûˡ
ԣĶܾ㣬ɰֶô䵽ûյߵĺɰأ
תһ˲䣬ʧڹߴǰ뵽էʱǺӰһû
һṦСкˣһѽˤڵϡ
СкܣͱͼһһŲסˡ
ߣѹˣֻһպɰ˵ţǸĵݸߴһźɫĺɰ
ߴûȥӣⲻҵģСǹ߷ǰŤ͹ٸɡ
Сĵȴ󱯣ͷСһɡС̿ġ
ߴ˺ܲģҪɷкã⻰˵ģͲĵˣ
οʧˣ治ϡʲôĵҲҪôޣԼʲôԼúܡ
ʵʵҵ԰˵˵飬ܵ
Сտڲԣߴһǲ˵ˣûϵᴨǽùٸһһ˼ȥ飬ҾͲŻҲ
ڵߣøҳΪҵĶôá
ҳһ˷ȫʱû㡣
˵ţߴСкһţЩ߷߲ƽСǷѵ
ΪСӣҾͻģǰƽȡ
೯ʵۻΰ䲼ＺگСӾ͸ù
Скˣһͷ󺹣ԥƬ̣һ߿ͷһ߽
ʲô˵ǣҵļˣȫһǶ޹ģ֪ڸ͵¡
ߴ֪֮ͦģ֪ʷǿɶ
СкһСӰĺɰӵ߹һʹȥãĽСûֻ˼ۡ
ɫĿߴ˻ȥºˣû׼ǶΪԼϲƱ
ˣ˾ˣǮֶԼȷʵᣬеϲ
ûһ͵ǮǱβõģΪ˽һûˣ
ߴһ뵽ĳԽ
һǿ׼˲֣͵ĶǮ˼ҵķ˻С㣬ǸǮСкæ͡
ôǮ͸ñ͵˭ǮǴģٱ˵ĸԼƶ㲻
ߴ˺ܲ죬Сȷʵ˼뷽⡣
ڹߴǮȻģҲ»õġ
ʹЩĸˣļҲҲۻġ

 52 

ǣͶ·ôģ˫Բڴջ·ĵܵܣȥһɣûԸҪңŰ򵽱ͷϡ
ûֵ𣿡ߴһ̥
һˣԼãôһã˼ҵūˣ˵ͦģԸǣ
ߴһӦĸҲ̫˰ɣ
ţ뵽ûʲôǮô࣬С
Ըĸ̫ˡ
ĸԲڴǺˣӹǿ˰ɣ
ԽãԼûˣöۡ
֮ӲùԼ벻ǽ
ԼǸãܻһǮȻҲǣ
ţߴö棬ԼûԹ߸ȫͬ
ˣһȥҵǮˣȥҿʵĻᷢ䡣
ߴȻþû˵ˣ̲סĿ⿴ͷһĽĿԼ
оǳᴨֳˣ治֪СԴһʲô
ߴһȺ·ϵ˺һᣬ˵ΧۣʹȥˣҲֻ΢վԶһ㡣
̧ͷߴע⵽Χˣü
ᴨ߰ɣСǰ·
Скߴһ˴һڣӲݴԥһ£ߴûнȥ
ȥҵĺɰҳ㡣
˺ð죬ߴҲûСк͵͵˰ɣ
СҲûڶڣѵ治۵ĵطи
Щ꣬Ҳ಻ˣߴһ߽Сš
û߼ͷСкһﶫңﻹ߶ţôôûˣܣġ
ȥô仰ߴҲ֪˵ʲôãӦûƭԼ
ôΪã鷳ˣ
Ҳ֪˭ˣģûһ׼ȷķΧ
ѵҪѳ𣿺̫Сˣ
ɲûֲģô˼˱ˣ

˺þãߴﻹûһۣԥԥĿϣʲôð취
ˣϣȰ⸽˼Ҷһ飬⸽͵õĿ󡣡
ûҵأߴԺܴ
ʹǸõģѺɰһôҵ
һȥٲһЩҪʲôҶ
Щ󣬹ߴΪʹҪߵϦϼֻʺ硢췱ǣ
Ƭ̣۾һҸ㻭вУ
ߴҡҡͷԼ
ҽ˰ѻŪʵ
ߴҡҡͷȹЩԪضС
ЩЩۣ߾ԼϲôԼƫƫϲֻԼ
ҰЩ̵ϣÿ쿴òã
ԣߴ´ȻôǰҪ
أо仰巢֮ĸ
ᴨˣǲ⣿
ţҲʳ˿ڡ
ں˵϶һ̣㿴𣿺οϴСС˰̣㻹
ߴᣬ֪㲻ҲϣﻹСأ
˵꣬СкһۣԤ֮еĿɿڴ
ˣǳȥɣҲϡߴСӣȥҲ޼¡
ߵСڣͿһӹ⿴˿Ťͷȥ̯λǰѡ㣬װӡ
ߴûôɺϵ£һʧԵĽϵΪĻɾͰץ߲̫ʡ
һ£װʧ뿪Скһʾ졣
ߴһԶˣ͵͵һ˼ȥ
Ϸǳ⣬һ˵̰
ĸĹߴԺǽͣ½ŲʹûŪʲôҲĶ
ǣ§ŹߴԺǽһ·βŻӣݶֹ¡
ڴӵĶԻ
͵õĶһ룬ҾͲ˵ȥȻĻߺߣ
һ̫ˣһһ룬ҪҪ
̫ˣ治ҸǼˣû׼ʱǻǮ
Ͳǲףȴһ˵ʱûǮһҲǿǵ㣬Żѡթȥܡ
˵öԣҲðŷյģһҺ㶼ûùӳԣ
У߷ΣҲ̫֣þգǻǺֵܣպֺ£һ㡣
˰ɣ˵Щջһ˽㣬߷־߷֡
ûߴŵĽש߰ῪƬͷȥڵΡ
ϽӱֳѣӺһｩţһһֻشӶԷһﲦһ㵽Լһѡ
Ƿ߲˶ϳԿҲǣƾľȷ߷֡
ߴ˰죬˻ӣһչûУͷˡ
̧ͷ׾ײ°ͣߴЩۣͶݺݵ
ʲôʱչģҲ˵һ
ίͰ͵ĿԼȴ˵ߴЩ˼°͸ۣôһ룬Щۡ
°ͣϸϸʣûкһˣ
еۣߣࡣ
ˣҿò󣬻ǻȥĨҩɡ˵꣬ߴ̽ͷȥ۲ڵˡ
Ӳ֪ںӶ˵ʲôˣԸԳĶһ㡣
ۿӴ뿪ˣߴæڣ߲񣬺ᴨϽǶƷ
΢ָӶ˾ͻʧȥ̱ڵϣҲ˵˻ˡ
ߴȵ󣬼ȥ֪ͨԺǽȴѾõˣ룬ǰѶȴƵķ˾ǲڣһֵԼ
ĵĸɵһᣬˣ΢һ㾫
ӶһСкʱңһ˹Ҫȴ˵˻ûð
ԣǰϵĽӺͺɰѳϴɾתҡ
ߴͼԴ쵥ദĻᣬ飬˳µĸ˶ס
ǣūţū澣ӷԸͼԶ׼ľϲ
ԴӺϷźɫɰŴ󲿷ֽӣִӻϷһС֣ɰڡ
ӣˣˣҪҪһ
ˣѾǰˡߴԼݶϿϰ죬Ͳûһ顣
ߣ˽ǰٸǾȥСҿһͬȥٸΣ
Щգʱװ˷ϡ
УͰ˵İ졣
Ըȥܿж͹ߴֻʣ㡢ܾ㡢㡢㡢ֺͼԡ
СкһԵİѹߴһ˴ſڣɵ˵ܱܲ齲Сӵĸĸ

 53 

ߴһΪǲ֪𣿡
СĸĸֲɵӣԼҺӼＸ
éС˵㣬ߴֻֽܾȥ
ȷʵСк˵һĸԲڴСܵܣ5ҡ
Скĸôˣʱ֪·ˣӲͷģӻСǼû̺ãԸһе𣬻˸̧֡
Скĸߴ޶ԣһݣֱֱߴײȥ
Ȼδͱܾһ߷ɣߴ
ߴŭǣȫķӣֻԸĸļͷ΢Եѵ
Ȼ֮˱пɺ֮
СûԼˡ
ôһ룬ԭĴʹȫϣˣùٸôô죡
ȻԴûͲϲߴڱϻ̫˼
Ըܾȥٸˣһͨͨߡ
ʱߴ֪ܾ㾹ȻҲ书ಡ˾ͲӰ
ͻȻ뵽ܾûԼɫһתü
ˣ΢΢е飬ߣҪǲϲܾ㣬ҾͰߡ
Ȼ˹
ߴƿԣźЦЦ
ˣ㿪ЦܾҲùˣ֪ǵҰΣôûʲôֻ´ø֪һ
ţ´һǰ˵Բ㡣
û뵽ôɹˣϲԽ
һԵҲһΪλҪҺֻ龪һ
ᴨǳȥɡ
ߴһЩУᣬ֪ˣαصһʼֹӵĴЩ¾Ͳᷢˡ
СѣڴϿöСкͲڸɻ
ƽϵģϾпԭ죬ȴֻһͶ
á˵꣬ϲ̵§Źߴߣһˡ

ߴһ˾ôéſڸվš
ƶ¶˰ԴߴҹĻߴע⵽ҹˣƽʱڴˡ
ĸ̾ĵĹߴȻоһֻ͵͵ǣסԼ֣һֻסԼ󣬲òҲ֪
ĵĸһӣϽ֣ʾԼûǰ¡
֣ñ˲עʱĲӣ˳ҧһڡ
ߴż⣬յߵϸߣȥԱߵС
Ҳúһ㣬ҲҺ֣˵ﴫò
ԣ𼱻ǵקŹߴС꣬ﾡһЩ绨ѩµ¡
һСߴĿ˵£Ҳ˵Ͳ𡣡
ȻоЩĪˣ̲ס²⡪ѵҪʲô̼»᲻᲻̫ã
ô룬жȴ޿֮⡣
ߴֱϣסͷˣԿʼʱʱһҪӴҰˤ˯ϰɡ
һȥˣûңƷǳɵӡ
ߴЩģ£ͼңû뵽һöûС
ĵĹߴԴζţһϢ
ⴭϢЩĹߴĴò
ͷðݺ˵ζΣ´λҪҪˣ
ߣҲˡδ䣬ߴͱѸٰשǽ
ߴӦϣȭһһ̺ˮ
ȭ꣬ίߣ۾ۣҴһ
ߴⴵڣôãһȥҩࡣ
˵Ժת뿪ӱ§סߣȥҲǸɵţǾʹ⡣
ߴתȥȭˣȻô֮£
˵ô˵ʱߴư͵Ľˣǳǳһյʱ䡣
ʱӹٸܾСڻ㱨չ
£ūѾѴҹѶСһѾѺ
Щ޹ؽҪСǴУҺȻȥ˯龭ظôξôΣҲøǡ
ӶױͶ²Ȥ
룬ߴҲֻǽһ䣬ջ·С͸ȱӵ˼Ұɣǵȵ
ھײ¼Ѿܹͷŵ⣬СкԼû
ص󣬹ߴԡһҹȻԹĿУߴԹԵͷ˯
ߴһ۾ͿŴǰƣûƿǶ̿
Ĩҩˣèһ˵ļûУϻԣ˰һࡣ
ίͰ͵İڴߣ¹룬Ҳչˣѹ⸱Ͱ͵ӣ
ߴϴ֣ϣҩͿĨദ
ûʱ䣬඼ʧˣĥŴߴŹ֡
أߴŮḸ
Ҳ֪ǲǹߴȥܺ۸ӣТŮӲˡ
ˣģūһȥҲūǮϸˣĴ£ūûλԱ
Źߴֱˣߴȴͣ½Ųʾһᡣ
ߴ΢΢һЦô鷳ֱӳǮϸˣȱѾߡ
ТŮ¶ɫ΢΢¶һϲ⣬ߴѻ˵꣬͸ÿţĻݲʩʣǵȽȡ
ТŮӶʱһںпԵģϢһΪѵ˵˼ˣūҲʩֻ
òѾô࣬Ϊʲôƫƫ̲Լ
ûϵѧҲ㱿ģҲǰ
ˣˣĲˣллĺġТŮᡣ
㶼ҺˣҲⲻȥߴһѰü֮һɻ֮ȥĵ
ˣˣūһʱﲻūһūһǿԼɡ
ҿ԰һģʱ޸һŮ˫ȫĸ̣°뱲ӾͿֱŮˣԼõһ¡
ߴһΪԼģТŮӲ³Ѫ
˭޸̣Լ˲˵ӢҲӣ
ԼһʼϹΪһλĸ
ˣūлԼˡТŮڱһ
ߴûвЦӯӯ˵ǺðɣҲǿ㡣
ߴһطТŮӣʱһεĸҹӡ
ߴϲǰ㰡ôḸ֮ǰҾ˵ĻԼ󲻹һΪū

 54 

ТŮҲ˲Ǹҹӳû뿪£ȫרעڸΰǰĹߴ
ΪʲôԼ˸طɷ
ԥ˰죬ѡģˣкãūһ·ūҾҸⲻְɡ
ᴨҹв˻·𣿡ߴԴ޹ͷ
һ㶼֣ʶ̧٣ϲ̨档ɰ
ū֪ˣĹūҰɡТŮǲԼƭȡǮƵ±¶ˣԱš
ǵʲôͷǲƭ˭ѣ
ҲԼָûطƭˡ취ǰһء
ģ˵ߴ΢΢һЦڿҪҪ˴ȥ
ТŮӲ˵ߴȻͦû˼ģת뿪
ūҴڲͼˣˡТŮͻȻܵߴǰ¿ͷ
Ŷ֪ˡߴôʲô˼Դ̧ˡ
ˣūи֮룬ܲūѾߣ
ТŮӸողŷֹߴߵѾŹ֮ǰעȫߴˡ
ʲôóģܲȥ衣
ūҳղ
ߣҳտ϶ãһ˵Ĵô࣬ȱġˡ
ūŮ첻
˼Ů췽ū澾ˡ㼱æڡ
ūױ
ū澵ֻ㲻ʾ˵
ūȽŲ
ȵū澳аġܾ㲻˵
ūĥī
ӣū澸о顣һֱСڸе㡣
ūһʵ֬ˮۡȵȡТŮӲˣľ
Բסū澵רЦеĽӻ
ūһܸ衣ТŮ˵ͺˣǳ顣
һȥ¥ǱһΣеĻҾ㡣ߴЦӯӯ˵
һѾһѾߣ˵𲻴
лˡТŮӷǳΪһ˿ϣûˡ

ڲ¥ТŮӵĸ裬ߴЩʧյλˣȴЩѷͺ͵¥ͷƵˮƽࡣ
ԥһ£ߴƫͷѯһĿͿ۾һգգעԼ
쵽ǰ˻ӣֻǲգۣ׹ԭڷ
бȥߴڵס˵ߣһû
ߣ𣿡գˡ
ߴӦһͬʱԭλΣԼǵˡ
ˣȰ˴ȥȲҪİſ֡
ˣūұݵΣТŮʡ
ܾһظҪõĶϽȥãˣʲô֣ߴ˿ڲ˵
ǣū澽ӷԸܾһϹ
ԥһ£ТŮС˵ūûдֻһСܿ
Ժͽܿ㡣ߴҲѿڶ
ТŮɫе㲻ݣºܲԸƾʲôôݸ߹󣬵ԺһˣһҪ
лдӴ˿ӦԳū澡ְ㣬ܿһضûС
ԣܿſڣū澶лӴ
ߴüʲôû˵¥ظ˸ںͷ
صԺߴһٷʢţ̸ܿ¡
ҾܿթƻҪȱѾߣͼԺúһ
ܿǳϲܸо⣬һŻҧ˵Ķߡ
ʵߴҲЩڣܿ㵱ʱı飬ԸԼѾߡ
ֻԼ֮ǰмȤһʱɱˣûʲôˡ
ԼǲŮĻֶΣΪµеߣԼҪ󣬵Լ̬ȴЩɡ
תһ룬ðߺúù۲һ£кĿġ

ߣô˵
˹ߴ˼ߴЩŭĵһۣ֪Լⶼڼˣ
¶ŭˣЩί˵ߣҸոպ˵㻹ûлҡ
ʱˣʱ˵ߴȲ½ˣͿʼͼԵĻ°ɡ
ã˵㣬ʱˣǸԡˡ¶ڴ
ߴһ۾֪ʲô⣬ѾˣһʱԻĽ
ԡʱչױߴһƿ׶
ûзģﴹ
㲻һεʱ̫
ߴֱ׵ĻЩɬӶ߿
ƳƳֲʲôߴ˹ϴ裬һɵ˴ϡ
ߵߣͷֹߴѾ˯ˣͷе㳱ʪ۾һ
õͷһҪߣԼΪ
峿ˣԵ֧ŵŹߴȴѡ
ֵȣߴûһѵ˼˯÷ǳ㣬ûзܾһͻˡ
ȹߴǺȦŨصίͰ͵ĶԼϻһǳǳİӡ
ǿסЦ⣬ʣʲô
ǰŲŲߣ˯صҵһ¡
ߴ§סգ˼ҸĨҩɡ
Ĩҩ󣬹ߴֹĿۣһڴģ󵥵ֱ룬˵һôôУ
ЩֵܰͲʲô¶ҵֲǳ԰׷ģǸɻ͹ˣǻпն㡣
ŶҲáߴͦġ
ϴú󣬹ߴӰЩɻ󣬵Ǻһͷ
չߴ˼һ٣ľƬ״ͷΡ
ߴҪȥţˣﻹһӣװֻĵġ
ߣһ԰Ҹĳϲϲ
ǻѧ˵𣿡ߴڴĿֻĵġ
ɫ˱䣬ô˵Ҹ㻻һֻóġ
תߣߴæڣֻ£Ҿͦÿġ
ﻹûȥĵ
ٸŪһֻģرܽ㲻ҪСϲɫ֪Լ׼û
ߴǰеӵݸܾ㣬ҹڴǰ㸺ιǡ
ıȽһ£ȽϸģͦʺСġ
عͷߴֲӰ벻ھ͸ȥúģԲ緹ˣ
״ܾȥù͢㣬ǰһӡ
ȹߴԵС֡滨֡ǧ֡Ŵ١֥⡢ֺ͵֣һɢһζƷ
ߣҰѺĸˡ
ֹߴֻ˵ͷԸ㣬оЩ
ߴԵòˣιǧ֣ó𣿡
ţóԡæ˼ͷ
ͬʱĻкĵóԡ

 55 

ߴעתƵֻϣָཱུĺģԺСࡣָŴǰֻĵģ̵ֻĽС䣬һֻͽС̡
ѽСֺģɰ˵꣬ߴȥСࡣ
룺ˣҪϼˣСɲˣ
СιߴԴʱЩȣ룬Ҳ˽ȥȻһڡ
ף㲻Сϲ㿴¶ԣС࣬һ㡣ߴ̲סȤ䡣
㡢㡣Сҧ³֡
ᴨЩСһһʲôߴСһᡣ
ιˮУġңҺԼǰʡ
ǣһֱˮϡ𣿡
ᣬǸճһֱˮżԵģһ¶ûУǰҲôģǻܳԵģԵĶȻȥ
Ļߴò̾һЩϳʱʱԼϷ硣
ʱߴСŵԵϣԷͬʱιĺˮԵ㣬Ҳʳ
ߣҲιҡԹĴȲֻСһ߶Լûôϸġ
Ʋͷһۣߴָһ÷˿⣬ּһЩպ˽İն˼ǴŹǡ
ߣǼв˵ֱιЩ⡣
Բԡߴôһ䣬ֻͷϸʣ˭й򣬵ԼóԷģ
ԣϽߴ˼ཷţ˿ּ˰񶬹Ͼ㹽Уÿʢ˼׵װŵֱߡ
ߴ˹ĳеĲˣ̧ͷ۰Ͱ͵Լոһ÷ӷβϺܼҾʹŹе̫ˡ
̫˵һ󴮻ߴܽһ£ʵ֪ѲѾܴˡѲСѲķϣ͵ȳңһӳի̺Ѳ˱ˣⶼƲţԱţʣ಻֪ȫѲڲ֪飬ֻٺԼ30塣еľνĲ͸һСѽƱԼһѻ鱦
ǰ̫ߣ̫ʦŮɾˡ
ԭǷֶŵƷûˣǳż
벻֪ɲͬǣ̫ʦŮ侲ͻߴɵģԼΨ·˱˫ɡ
ԶԶſڣһвͬѰĵطͻ档
һõ˵Ϣ̫ʦŮͼæɸպײֻðҲϡ
ܷ˵ʮ⣿̫ʦŮǿ򶨵Ҫ
һûд˼ԵĹߴ̧ͷһۣͷš
վһᣬ̫ʦŮͻȻԼ밲ˣæһ¹
檣񣩼ºº򸣽𰲡
û˵˼ùߴˣͿڣɣлֱ˵йܵġ
ʵºǴδǣ̧֡
ùô룬ʲô⣬˵ߴЦӯӯ͸ʵ뷨
ֻһ·Ҫ½¶ȥ
û˼ˣҪع⣬綼ǵķԷǺúõǰ˵
ߴú̫ʦŮ˵ͦû˼ģ綺С࣬ë׵СԴ
檸Ǹ檾ͿżɽˣϣҪ檵ֱڿ졣
ţ˵ء
Ҳ֮䣬ƻĸ飬ֻ
̫ʦŮĻû꣬ͱˣʲôƻ飬ǵĸƻƻ𣿶ʲôȽ᣿
ߴըëˣЦõİ˵ƽʲôˣ˵ꡣ
£檲˵ԭ¡̫ʦŮƲͷȥһۣʹɳþãȫ
ߴŬסԼЦ⣬û취˭Сɡһʱ뵽ɣʲô
檵䡣
ԣߴƲסЦݣһɣȡãʲô
ˡ
ǲǽ
ԣô֪̫ʦŮЩƣСֻм׽֮á
Ҳµġߴ΢΢һЦͳ֣ԼҲҪ°׵ˣûк֮ǡ
ʵ˽ɣ˻ɽ˺ĵģ
Ȼȥɣ֪ͨ԰꣬ҿ϶˫˫ɡߴ⼸غúóﻮһȫ֮
̫ʦŮɸˣŴչߣոЦúÿġ
ҾҪȫһˣҿĲ
ߴðԵɺ˵ˣҲף˵һ㿿׵Ľڡ
ҲšŪԼҲҸһɡ
Լ߲ʲô˾Ԯִֵ֮ˣΪ˾͸еǳ֣˲һã
žͲ¡ߴתͷȥС࣬壬塣
塢壬塣Сڶȵһ
ߣΪʲô壬Ǹ磿ͽ㲻һģ˰ɣ
ΪϡߴŤͷȥ붼ԭ11꣬ԭԼȣҲ9꣬ʲô
оԼĿڱһϣ֮꣬ߣҲϣ㻹ҷʢ
˵ˣᴨȷʵᣬС࣬硣
ߴƤɱȲлᴨ֪˵ʲô߳ܵĻ뷿֮־ˣ֮ϣ
塣С̧̧СԴֱ
ߴһϴõĲݮС߻˻ΣС࣬磬Ҿ͸ԣ硣
硢磬磬硣С̶ֻС۾ֱĶŲݮ˳
С࣬ԡߴιСһŲݮԣιһš
ߣҲҪ䣬Լٲڣû׼߶߻ˣ
죬ιѡߴһžӨ͸⣬ָ
Ҫιš̵ģ߰ѾǺóԣ
رܣߴȻһЦᴨɰôó
ߴҧһɬѣ˰ţµİɵ˳˸ǣ𣿡
𡣡ԥĻش
һţߴһڡģţʣµİι𣿡
ûո𡣡ôң
㻹ҪҪһȥιСࡣߴⶺ
ҪȻҪСһۣСһﻹĸαŶûУ
ôɵı֣ߴЩϰΪͷѣιţιС༸š
ûãС౥ˣٳԣߴιѺ󣬸ɴԼżιһš
һѳˣߴֳ˲ݮιһţ㻹ԾԼá

 56 

ߴһ߳Բݮһ߿̫ʦŮ֮µĽ
ûã뵽һǲ֪ɲУ
ᴨ˵һṦõ˽̫ʦС°ߣȥȻװԾȫ͵컻գҾʬ棬ͳǣطͷô
еͨһӶǺ˽Ըô˭֪еĿס
ɲÿ˶ԼһжӡأҲÿŮ˶һ绪׷
㿴ֵûкʵˣң˳ǵߣҲģʵʱ򻹿Գֱһá
ߴֱ˵Լİţϣܲ©ȱ
ͦãͱտڲԡ
ûʲô˵ģߴüƻɲơ
ûУŶˣޥġСѩ
Ϊߴ˼ǡҪԼ
ˣˣƻ㲻ߴæϡ
û뷨ֱԲı̬ȡ
ߴܸо޻˵Ҳģһ̳ô죿
ģҪҪС¶첻ãʰˡȻʮ㡣
ͽˣûãˡߴװͰ͵˵
û⣬Ҫôˣեô
ûûƤĻߴЩôʱ㼸ӡ
ʱоβһģԲ
룬ߴЩģᴨжǰҲһ£̫ʦŮɵʲô
˳̫ʦûʲô֮£ߴһ䡣
֪ô£ԼԽԽģϴ¼ǰһԸǴ
ĵ˽£ڼ̫ʦŮţߴֻӼһΣ֮ǱŲ
ڽ죬ڵõ׼ȷϢԺʱɫرŵһ£ڵϺð
󲽿Էϣҵں˯Ĺߴû˻ѣôĿţɫࡣ
ߴ˯ѺۣԣҲ⣬ᴨûУ
ǵϴκᴨԼ˵ʱֻŲʥּ·
ڣǵ˶֪ٹӭ˳ŮˡǿŹŮ
ﻹ˵ſߴ֣סʲôãǱѹһͷԺ󲻺ùӾأ
ϾҪĥһСС׵úܣʹܳ裬ʹзţȻĵλǶ
ЩϢǲǰ˴ģʲôҪæľ˵ıδ
ȻߴǾܾģȻǲ˽ţҲʹֶΡ
ţЩֵ˶ס̫ʦ͵ǳ֣ûץҵİѱǰ״˵ù̫ʦŮҲ֪װһ£ű˶ˣ
̫ʦŮʵ̫ˣߴȻԼ۹Ǻã߾һԡ
ˣôǵķɲܳ˲ߴ˳뷨
ǳǵʱ·ͼúñֱ֣ϣ߽ҪٽԼ´
޳ɣֹ·Ҫֳÿһ·˶ݣ϶ңκ˶֪Լκ֮ͬˣһС׷ɢֱֻܷʱС˻ڵУ²֪
ߴһͲױ˴ˣˣһ䱸ҩҩҩֹʹɢֹѪɢǾס׷ٵˡ
߿ǵܵĿһ䡣
СѡŻԷٵɱʽʬҪģҲǻƻŮҵ˼ҪʵԡСʧȥ׷Żɱ
ߴΪЧ棬ݺģ˵ĵǻõһ뷨°С²˼֪ǰӵԼȥ
ɴͰɴӼƻлȥ
˵ô˵ߴϣ˵ĸ龭飬ԼֻǶˡ
ǾͰ˵İ졣һûУҲöԲС㡣
Ϊ˶ĿһҩķȥǰԺԸȥȻṦصԺ
ߣˣͬɲһ˹˯ϣҪ˯
㡣ߴµᣬֻû뵽ôֱӣܸоֵֹġ
ϵʱ뻶ãߴܻӭĴӦˣֱҹ˲ͣ

չ÷ǳ˳̫ʦСɣû˻͹ߴģ˶²λӹѿ
һĽӴС㣬ԸԸ˫˫ɣԸ⣬ͺ˵ǻúò߻һ£𸴡
ߴʱˣĳ䣬ǾȽϺá
û⣬Ͼȥ˵꣬ˡ
һᣬˣһɣ驺һ̲ۡ
ˮڲ輸ϣߣҪϲȻỹбˮ
ߴϴϴ֣һζоæץһûҪԵ˼
ΪҪιʵ֤ˣߴȥιС࣬ιСιСС̡
ߣһȲֻ𣿡ˡ
Լֲû֣ԾԼãҲһֻģû˵ι㡣
ߴлᴨԽԽˣĵĴףô˻
һֻСģ߿ιҡԥ˵Ϲ
ߴˣòʰ·磬ʵĲҪ
Уι㡣˵ţߴιһۡ
ߴ־ˣЩջ𣬹İɣԸˮôĥĥģ
žӸվŵһƣ
ڴãѹߴһ
ˣʡõֻˡߴĿ֡
ģǻ淭ƸҪ绵ˡ
ô߳ܶȱĻ˵ߴþ
󲻾ҵ׼ȷлᴨȮˡ̩ϣǰɫģ˽ĻΪǱܣ
ȣҲǳɰճˣܵŽԼƣȻҪ̫ҽ˵ˣ
ͲһϷ
ԶԼ
ԥһ£ߴһ̲۶Ȼڴ¡
ߣðɡİӽ˹ȥ
һһڵĳŲֳۣɣ驣ڼܾ̰õˮë֦ǴõĻ
ˮøɸɾߴԼֻĶЩԳˡ
˭رԸģԺˮҲСΪֹߴĸϲˮ

 57 

ܿʱ͵һ죬ߴһԺĵȴΧһ
书ǿĲֻ࣬ǳֽŹΪ򵥣ܼܲ͵ÿ֡
ߴ֮£ҲĹһ£ɹļһ˿Ȼİ±һơ
佱ߴѧ츳úһҲɸ֡
ߴܼŬ˺öһƣейѯܾԺ͸йˡ
ֻ˵һ֣οߴͲСˣѧɺѣ˶ǴСʼġ
Թߴڵˮƽ෭ǽģͱˡ
첻һ˻ˣСɱΧм䡣
ߴæӭȥС㣬ܿˣҲ֪ǸɱģȻ£ģҺͺᴨᾡģǵҪҸǾˡ
ΪϷλߴصط˴ɢֻҪޣᣬЧúõö࣬һ¶ڡ
û뵽᲻С˸жøжˡ
֣Զøжֵ85Ӱ׶ΣٽϵͳʾԶŽ
ϵͳͻȻ𣬹ߴһ£һӦǡȻлᴨϲԼ
ȻּʱøжȾ77ѵôߵĺøжһǡޡģ
ϾЩ죬ߴûٽöˣĺøжȴѹһ·һٵĹϷ
С˲עʱ򣬹ߴº׷ɢ͵͵СһЩûκαǵͨƱ
Ϊ˲¶ߴļƻС㲻ЯκƷİһ٣ǮƸãϾôյ
ߴôܣҲĿв˴ж˶ȥȻҲСˡ
˶ȥ󣬹ߴյߣ黹˳𣿡
ûκ⣬̫ʦӦòɣǼֵܿ϶ȡжܻڳˣҲܻųſڡ
û£㣬ᴨˣҲһǳסߴĲ˵
ԣмֿԼˣоÿģõһ졣
˶ӷ󣬹ߴ˳ңÿһʱһˣÿһ·Ŀص㶼ֻͬСڵһ·ĵص˽Ӧġ
˶ˣߴֻʣ˾͵͵Ļص
ᴨϽ˴š
ߴһֻһЩģˣǱԺһŵˣ˸֪Ժµġ
ȥ
ߴ뿪ǰԺ˶֧ˣεܾŴţֹκ˿
Ϊ˷ֹɣѾüôˣֻƣ۷׷ףЩСϢ˳ȥ
˻ᣬֵܰļγ˴󲿷֣ʵ۵ҲŪһС֡
ûһᣬˣһкõĲܺһкõĹܹϣܾһ̱÷һûƤĳ١
ߣȳԵˮӣʳҪϡ
ˮŵ輸ϣ˳ӱƿ÷һƿݸڳԲܵĹߴ
ܾˮ󣬾Ϣ뿪¹ϡ
ߴһС÷СֻӦöˣǵʳģⶼһûʳˡ
ӣֻ˼ܹϣߵԣϴ֣ñõľˮϴһ飬ҡϼԺȡ
ˮԣ˾ͺȼ÷ߴ̲סĸ̾һ¡
ߣҵҪҪȣߴе÷ˣڵ˵
ˣԼȥáߴ˵žҪȴסˡ
ȥþͺãŵҡ
Ժ÷ˣߣһƿȻ᲻Ļҵġ
ߴûϴӦЩίߣǲңǶཻôˣҲûٳĽҺ
ߴûס˸ۣԽԽлᴨˣ˽ʲô˵óڣһ㶼߳ܡ
ҲͬһˣͲܸĿռ䣿Ҫı¶Լǰ֪ڲһ뷨
˵ˣҴӦ㻹
ߴٲͬ⣬֪˵ʲô¶ǵĻûȤ֮ȵĳ
ҵ㡣Цúܿģɫлм˿ڴ
עǰ׵ˣߴеƿ÷û꣬ž͵ˡ
ʱߴע⵽ίͰ͵񣬻ʱʱԼ߻ȵÿ콫ƣֲûв
ᴨҾζҸʢһ볢
˵꣬ߴݹȥһмƬ
̵ĽˣԵرɾ֭һβʣ
ûһᣬߴ¿ӣҳԺˣãżһġ
ŶҺܿͺáӣҲˡ
㡣ߴеолᴨûĻȥǵ߷˲ɣ
ҾһٳԵ㡣æĿڡ
ʱߴƿ÷е컯ʵʣַˡ
Һ񻹲ʣٺȰɡ
ʧԱߴҲ˶̫һڡ
ҺȲˣᴨԲҲҪӲţû˼
ߴķˣٳԾ͸óˣԳŵζɲܣ
ԣԺ˼ͷꡣ
ȥԺߡߴ˯ˣõϢ
ɲһ֪ʲô£һжˣֱӵȴ˵С
ߣҺꡣƿ÷ȫ
ߴе㾪ȣĶӣеģûסѹ˼Ρ
ߣٰҪˡЩίò׺ȹġ
˭ôࡣߴ˻ȥΪĸ첲
ͥ˴죬ʮ־ףֱһûĳǰ
£棬Բɣֻһֵˡ
ע⵽߻ȵĿԼߴһӦѵҪҩԽԽ϶ԼĲ²⡣
ǹߴóҩƿһСԷģ̯ҩԺȬ롣
¶лʹ͡˵꣬ЯС
°ɣһ㱨ٷǳ죬ȥЩͷ
ǣ¸ˡһڰУӰ
뿪ӱ§סߴԴ˲䣬ߣá
ߴһʼû׹һ£ȻŷӦƺᴨΪΪŸҩһᡣ
ôˣԼӦӦýͣ
ˣˣȥɡ
ҲͦõģܱȺҲǿ
ţǵøһ㡣
˵꣬ߴЩˣ֪ġģ᲻ʲôֵı֣

 58 

ԺЩĳȣߣģһһһ㡣
ߴһֶţѵ˵Լ÷˼ˣ
֣Զøжֵ86Ӱ׶Σٽ
ͻĺøжùߴˣһľϲ
ѵѾԿԼİ⣬پܸ٣
ǹǺܿˣ
ǣùߴʧǽļøжͣԭأûԸÿһ㡣
ʵϣİȷʵ˵վֻٷǳϵͳⲻ
ǣߴʰ𲻾ǰĴ㡪Щʵɡ滨ꡱҪУҪˡ
ϣЧ϶Уǲ֪Ըٺøжȣ
ߴǰҺһ滨£ɢѾˣҲдԼ档
֪ʱִߴİںƣȼװϧ仨˵˸еỨ
û뵽һʼͳ˲仨Ʈ۾ֹסʱ۾ͨͨģȻ޵ʱ䲻̡
ߣҺۡ
֣Զøжֵ87Ӱ׶Σٽ
ϵͳߴҺû׿ޣȻˡ
еѱˮϴˢɾߴԭƻ£˼ᣬ仨ȴ޴ţΪһڣ
ߣҰ㣬ȴֻЩԾԾԡ
ˣҵһƬ⣬Լͺáߴæƴǣǻ̫ܾ
֣Զøжֵ88Ӱ׶Σٽ
ȻٴǺøЩ⣬ߴûбֳЩϲãһøжȿͻͽˡ
ĵطߴϥأ̧ͷһص仨𣬷ͣǴ仨һЩɳӻ۾
ߴƲסġ滨ꡱ̫ˣԭĴ㲻ģ
ߣû£ȻȥɡߴᱧͣṦ˻ȥ
ߴͷ뵽ոյǱӶǡҳˣ
֣Զøжֵ89Ӱ׶Σٽ
øжȵٴùߴο٣Ѿʹ̫ⷽԼĻ⣬һʹþͳƫܸо̫ס
ԸøжǣҲٴֲû취ˡ
û뵽ԺԼٴʹá滨ꡱܡ
öķƽ˾ùߴΪ̫ʦŮ¾ȥˣ򵥵ĲٰһͼԵĻ£ͱʵ۴ˡ
С죬ߴҲˡ
˲أǶƾ޹ʸһڹ϶̫ʦŮ
Ȼû֤ݣ֪ôأȻ˵̫ʦվһߡ
̫ʦӲòʵջ𣬵ʲôûֳ
ţ̫ʦǣߴͷϣ˵ڱɿʹӺ̫ʦŮ
˹ߴٵ£һ˵ĿľʹȨ
ߴ󣬸ʵ밲Ͱվһԡ
ָߴ밲¹򣬱ʵͷһ٣ʵ۲˵Ķ䡣
ڳ˳˺һᣬߴҲŪ׷ʲô¡
Щɻ󲻽⣬ˣΪʲôץţ
ߴ˽ǴΪûлݣֻǻݵѾҽκˡ
ܲе飬ߴǾԴΪͻƵ㣬ûʵ۵ͬ顣
ڱʵ̫ʦŮʧȥһ£ߴ΢΢һЦ˿û顣
ģαضһ٣ֱӰ˻ʬǸạ̃Ҫ֪ѾΪ⻹û̫ʦʴȣ̫ʦɲҪϣݹ̫ʦ˵˵ôҸ
̫ʦģ黹ԼҵĴֲ½Լͷϣ
ǵʼȷʵ̫ʦʶԼһʱŭͷĶˣָǺͼڲԣϹۡ
ߴſڣìͷֱָʣԼ֮ģֻ֮һֱıλŻΪҲһҰԶ׼
ûܻʵʲô뷨ߴߵǰժĻƽߣʣᴨѾˣЩֵΪʲôŹ
ŻԼûᴨñɢҪȺøжٸһ㣬оȽףʵۿӻܻܾá
״ʵ۲ԥ̫ʦ˼죬ͷأһˡ
ֱӱ꣬ʵ۰ķţԺֻǶүͷβɨء
ڹߴһЩ鱦Ϊʹͣζʮ㡣
ǣߴСӳԣˣΪ˽͹ߴʵ۵ʹҲֻͨǶֻϵĲƲ
ȥԺ󣬹ߴһԼĲƲ˳֧ô룬ǿ֧ƽ⡣
ԴˣĻش̷¸ɻĲֻϽһС֣೯Ĺ涨ġ
ӣߴֱԲ˵̫ƽô򣬵ȻѹܼҸҺ΢˵䣬ϾⷽҲ̫
ߴ͹ܼҼһЩִӪֶΡۼɣȵȣоԼԴͺˣ̫ˣֲѧгӪġ
ڹû׷ѣµĲҵɫ
ΪһУߴûôֻ֣ǺһȥӲ˼ΣѲʵĻƴˣƹѡ
ᣬߴµһ̸Ϊױԭȥٸ㲻Ը⣬ߴûǿ
ͼԳǰͰߴ㣬һʱЩϰߣܿӦˡ
ֺԼ˵ܿѾѵˣߴѾߵĿȱ
ͷĹ㽻ӣɣķʵãߴԴͦġ
ߴѼŪˣҪһȵģԴˣûзκ
죬ߴܾϺΪױû¶棬Ϊĳķ
˵ϵľɫ˻ʵ۲󹬣֪͸˭ﻹһλеĿѡ
ö˼֪˴γȻû˴ΪٰĹ͢ᣬߴμӡ
˺ܶ࣬ߴˮڡ
οԼҲǣͷϣʱֻ農䣬֮ǰе뷨Ѱա
죬ʢװĹߴԣ˿һ챦ȫ޶ԣΧγĶԱȡ
Ϊˣ˹Ҳ磬ı٣Щ䱦ۡ
ߴŤͷƳһۣǶүԣǶүϹעǸǿɲ㣬һ쵽ŸʵĶ
У˵㣬ҵţһÿүܻĻص
ҵ㰡ߴ΢΢һЦԵС

 59 

үейһʱ벻ʲô߷ߵĵ˹ߴһۣͰͷŤ˻ȥ
ߣʲôüһֻưˡ
棬ߴʼ硣
档˵꣬˲ע⣬ҧҧߴĶ䡣
ߴܣСȣˣͷϷҪˡ
۾УһɴŮӱŮ̧
ŮӴһû꣬ߴͶ϶ʼǲҪŮӡ
ʹò㡢ǣһѵƣֲһȱ㣬书ڿз衣
ɫͷһѵһŮĻ죬һغܵĻᶼûС
ߴĶ϶ʵۼһɻ˶ûŮԼߣһ佫µġ
佫ŮӷҪлߴ͸оӲԾ
佫ô£ո˭ҲŮʱƫƫ˳ֳһɫģ
ڻҪллʲô˹飬һϵûС
ߴˣƲͷüͷֱ壬֪Լûб⡣
һͷ˷츲صı仯ǰ佫ŮӾ̿ͣ˷ֹȷһ˹һ˹ߴ
հ佫ƷߴͱŮذЮˣܡ
㣬лú˵αء
ߴû˵꣬ͱŮӺֹˣұ죬Ųһ
Цб㲻Ҫ˵óһʵжҪ˵Ŀľֱ˵вңҲһס
˵ţߴǰذϴ˴գһ˲Ѫˡ
ߣҶ㡣һ߸żǰֲҡ
ҪĲովӦֱذײŮһҲ̫ˣ
Уҳ㵽ʲôĿģ˵ǼңŲͷһȺƣ
ߴЩ꣬ϷôΣգ
֣Զøжֵ90İ׶ΣٽϵͳʾԶŽ
Σʱ̣øжˣߴоЩϷ̲ס˼룬ҪϷԴ浵ͺˡ
ߣ㲻ҪҺ̸һ̸
ߴƳһۣʲôû˵ʲô̸ģϽŪģҲʣ
ס佫ĲӣſҵߣȻŪ
㣬Ҳǲֵֵ֪Ǯ
Ůӿͬһۣעûзָһ˿һ
һ֮䣬ûзӦʱ佫ҧĶҩɱˡ
ǳƵİһӣһӣ
߷ˣһж˵ֻ۾ŭĶŮӡ
ŮӲʹ˵Ҫأ
㣬ʵһ鷳㿿׵Ҫ㲻ңһأߴСѡ
֪Լ칥ԳɹͲ5øжˡ
úڣ֪ԸƲҲμᣬ˾͵ˣԼҪ
лᴨǸ׵ıηηŵܸ
ָָϻʵۡ
УҲԴУ˲󼺣ٲû׼Ҫ̿ˣ
һûأ
ʱγذףҪؿڣȴյͣסˣŲ㣬Ҫˣ㻹ϷŹߣô죿
Ų㣬Ůӵ㡣
ԣߴǳˬ͵͵óԼڿռذףƴһ
ذŲһ㣬ɿһ㣬Ҿͼ
Ů̿͵΢Զ˹ߴĲӣԭĽţߴĬĬĵȴ̵ʱ
ذ²һ㣬ذѾһûš
Ů̿Щ⣬Ų٣㵱ʱн죿
Ů̿͵עϣߴһֺͱŮ̿͵ĲӣһסŮ̿ЮԼֻ֣ذҲͱ
һȻߴֻǰŮ̿ʹˣ˻ɹ
ͬʱסᣬŮ̿Ʒͬʱж°ͣŽ߳ˡ
ߴǰŮ̿͵ͱ˺üǣֽŽϡ
˵ʵߴһ뵽ոյһߣЩ£ᱻвŮ˻Ҫ󱦱ǿɶ
ҿܿʲô˵ҹҲֲѶߴ»ָ侲
ôһ룬ǰֺݺݵŮ̿͵ĴȺСȣ˾ôˣͳֹѪɢͷҲص˵ᴨתȥ
ţߴŮ̿ѹ⣬ҩ
Ů̿߷ߴ΢΢ѪģһΪ粻ҪƤˣһŮֺ˼
޳ˡߴЬѹŮ̿͵
ע⵽ʵ۲֪ʱˣߴȻһЦʣһҪǧҪˡ
ģһһʵۿߴϵ˿Щۡ
۲٣þʱ򣬻ʵȴƫˡ
룬ߴŮ̿ͷһСһġ
Ů̿ͱˣʵ۰ο˼Ҳ뿪ˣߴۣŷ˿ûҩ
ᴨ㲻ҩ𣿡
ߴѵ˼˵·ڳɡ˺Сдǻͱʵˡ
ҲҩߣҲû㣬˿ڻ۲ۣ
§ߴ쵽һ˻ȥ
û£Ҳû㣬ϽҩҿɲչߡߴֹѪɢ
ҩߴߵ佫ʬǶԥһ£ذϻ˼£Ȼһ㱡Ƥ
ǰæȫ˺ɾһİӵ
ˣϾһƣ﾿˭ŵģд飬Ͼ˿ûô£ܰ˵顣
ûãʹŮ̿ûס˵Ϣߴһҧɱڣѧ֮ǿúܣôģ
ʵ۰ѳԱˣƽһȪׯӵĵ
߹ߴʵ۵˼ԣϢˡ
ߴģȴ֪е˿ʵٵøɸɾ
ʲô˲Żûʵ۰æɨβ
˼ɶڰ￪ʼ͵͵飬ٸ߹ߴ
ߴΣУһҩɢɢҩͺࡣ
ר漾ģߴֱӰһƿڷһƿκȳࡣ
ûȹߴýô죬ʵ۾ͽǺúдԾ֮ꡣ
ѡģʵʲô˼ͷǳˣƫƫʲôû˵޴Ӿܾߴ̲סϻʵۡ

 60 

ÿ㿤ھ棬ߴһ㣬ʵϣ˲ٴɫѿһߣֻڣֻ˺͹ߴ档
ߴȻЩ˼ȷʵԸɫʡøϣ
ÿγУǶżλүߴϣĸүۣ˶ʡʱʡġʡ¡
ᴨԿȫ⣬˭Ҫ˭ȥ
ϧԸΥЩүһ˼ûУȤߴҲǿ
һΣмˣŮԾӣߴѾʹ
ߴһˣ²֮ߴֻĻǶ߷磬㱻˰סƣҺõʱܾڣ̬ûнһչ
ߴû뵽⿤ôѵΪܽĴţ
ǸҪԭÿͦģȼǺͻʵм䡣
ǹߴͿɢ
ߴȥԺֱӺ״˽飬ɫƣļǿ棬ѵ״̬Ρ
գڴ֮ͥʧ̬·ҪǰͲϣܲŹۡ
º󣬿ֵʵǰû֤ݣߴֻǱѵ⼸дܣûκδ
ǳģڹ£ʵ˼ӡ
˺ú󣬿£δζ˺ȥ͹ߴ涼ûмš
ǣʵۺͻʺ߿࣬ڿ¶ʤ䷳š
Щ죬д֮£Ȼûҵȷ֤ݣͨ˿ȷǻʺ󡢻ʺĻӿͻʺӴӰġ
ߴȻǲ˼ˡ
ٰԺ󣬹ߴ¶ģͨڹеָɢ˳˻ʺѳɾͺµĵص㰲ڻʺĹС
ЧϵĺãʺͿòɿѺŪֱʵԲԲڴ˲ͣ
ú󣬻ʵ۾ʼõʿƵĵҩ֪Ժ󣬹ߴҲжϻʵۻˣԭһʷϺܶʵһڵҩ
û뵽Ǽʹʵһ첻һ죬ȴ˿ûмļ󣬸ûвಡ齵˼
ֻʵһʱˣߴ°תƵϣմﵽ95ĺøжȣհġ
ɲһСһغһй򶼰׷ѡ
һʱԺ󣬹ߴԼЩɣĴ֮ǰȣֱ½
̶ûˣ黰ûˣĿûˣûˣҩûˡ
ˣԼˣ
ѵֻһʱжԶԼȣ
뻳ʱߴһġʯ񡱺ɰװһɵ걾
ϲԼˣҸһ죡
֣Զøжֵ91İ׶Σٽ
ߴ⵹һľϲ
ЩӣлᴨֻСϲ֪ں˼ʲô񲻶Ҳ˵ԽԽɥ
Ȼûʹ
һȥˣߴճǰĶԻʺԼº֣¶дСֶΡ
Ҫţߴȫ֪ʵ¡
С㣬ûк˵£
ߴŬУᴨûԼӦûС
ûСߴ϶ҡҡͷ
õģصѾǰ׼ˣСҲԶһݣԼ⡣
ˣᴨľҵġ
ߴʲôĵëͣ
滰һ뵽ϴαɱʵ۾ȻԼͺ޵
̫ˣһ׶ûдǻʵνġһ
ĽǱ
˵Ļһ㶼
񲻴ʰɣҪǷһ񣿡˵Ĺߴŭʵۡ
лǵĺ⣬һԼ׼ɡߴ΢Цžܾˡ
ȷʵ̫ʺϣԼ̫ͣˣô˼ñ˵񡰽軨׷𡱣
ʱԼд㡰١ֳˡ
ˣҪһϢ̵ģˣΪˣĺȴĪ֮ġ˵
Ǵ̥Ѫһ˵
˭֪ôģһʼִˣҪҴţȶˣҲ޼ˣ̻ôȺ귢ļ⡣
ǰԭиʲôûУĪ֮Ҳϲ˭ĵȻͼѪЩơ
̣Щûбģߴû̫񫣬Լǲ㶪
УȻУ˵ǰĪ֮Ī֮һ棬Ŀֻ۾ϱϡƤЦ˵
üߴ̲סԹ˵جΰḻǲãػԼԺ֮ȥ
˵̻᲻ԩ겻ɢһֱĪ֮Ⱥɭɭ˵
ߴпܣϾһѧĴڡ
ܣ³ӦãӦôʮ˲ܷܿ˵
ߴ뷽ӦгԹ˰̡
ҸһܣĪ֮ʧȥԲôȷ̻Ұ֡Ͻתƻ⡣
Ī֮ҪǲǻøҵĶӣȺ²׷ʡ
ûУĪ֮͵͵һӣǶϥ¶ŮȺһСıĪ֮¡Щм
Ī֮Ը⣿ߴ뻻ԼŲҪ˶ӣԼֵģ
ֻܴӦһӶӻԽм
ߴע⵽˶ýζƲ֪ӣЩɻ󣬡һô˽ô
֪СӵɩӵֳĲҵİĵϱı޵ıõδøĪ֮Żش
ϹϵôԶʲôãߴ֮ϵޣԭ
ʵĪ֮ھ¥ȾƣһֱֹʲôҾʹȥЩΣ͵˵̫ˣ
òҪ壬Ϊ˱Ӿȣߴڳ⡣
Ī֮Ͳı˻ɣҿ˵Ī֮Сһֱ̲ţô滹˶ӣ
ǲ߲Ǻ˾ûϵҲ׷ڸ˼ұȱȽǡΪȻ˵
ԣߴִ£׵鸾鸾ĶŪؼң˵ѵ׺Ͷӣչ˵ĻӰȳ²֡
Լĸ˱
˷ֹߴ䣬
ԥһ£Ⱥ꽫ʳд򿪣ҴһЩ巼իӦ⡢׸ˮ⣬ҪҪζ
ǲˡߴǵ巼իĸ㹩Ӧ󣬼۸ع󣬻ҪŶӣͦĵ
֪ȺʹΪרŸġ

 61 

˶˵ԼϲĸƷѵãΪҪøȥڡ
״Ⱥ̻ʵĳԼôأһζûҪԵù񫡣
ԣû˺ߴ̲סЦ
ҲˣС㣬Ե㡣ȺϵǿˮͲʳá
󼸿㣬ߴԥһ£ᴨ
øԼҵСװԼ̫ˡ
˵ģᴨʲôµģһĸδҪ˲ڵʱš
ҲãʡõʱҪѺᴨߣСֻ5˲μӣкᴨڣֻ䳡
Ȼû⣬ȫߺˡȺô飬Ͳȥˣ̫ûˣ
»᲻ǳʣģȺЩǣܾò̫ʡ
ᣬʱصΪģĻأߴҲĻش
⻰ȺеĶˣһȥˣһ¡
ߴЦӯӯĶۣУҸÿˮ⡣
ûã뿪ߴصԺ֪˶ãˡ
ߴ˵һҸĳŸ㣬ߺ˾ۻᶼԼоã
һͷȺǶ˰ˮ˦ϣһ١
Ⱥͷίû˵Ϊʲôȫһ
ǣڶٴţڸߴͰƭŪߣ˺üͷŵԡ
սݣȺһίİ龭ߴһ顣
Ա߿֣ȫһ²ؼ߸߹ģѾ˵ǡ
Ⱥôģߴһ㲻˼˵ʵˣ̫ѹ˲ϲ㣡
ֺȺסˣߴԽ˵ԽҪϲ㣬ʹ̫ˣҲ£ʱ㣬οҲˣᴨǷǳ졣
Ҫ˵Ҳûôϲôϲ϶뷽跨عںãʱ䵽֮һ仰ϲɣ
ߴһѻ꣬˳ܽһ¡
Ⱥһһ㶵ģĲϲ𣿿ҾһеϲģһʱŲ¡
У㻹֪ʲôϲ
˵ú֪ƵġȺĻƿԡ
֮лԼ𣿡ߴȻ⡣
ĻشǡСߴЩˣǸȰ˻飬£Ǹð˷ģճɻ飿
ĹؼǺȺ˼ҹﵽʲôоò˻飿
˻ɵĲӰ죬ʱ迼ǡ
ҪȻȥһᰲҺ˼һ棬ٸ𸴡
ߴˣƾȺһ֮ǣжϲоڸеϡͿġ
ղײգͽɣϰԼȺļǵĿڡ
ʲôֲܵ˵꣬üײһºȺ꣬ȻȺ귴ײȥ
ˣǱˡˡ
ǰҪ͵
˫۾Լߴʼ磬˵Уͽ죬νġ
ȻȥǵȻ֪ͨҡ
ߴôһμ棬ôҲôʽһ㣬أֲǴһ
ˣʲô֣ߴߵһ룬ͷʺȺꡣ
¡Ⱥһ˿Ρ
״ߴü벻Լо˰ɣ
ѵϲ£
ɿıֲ̫
ʱ˿̴ǹߴˣΪ붭¼Ժ󣬷ֺȺ꾿ϲϲ£ѹص㡣
ġ
ʱߴɴȺոտڽܣ¾ɫĳǰһקɴ
¶קɴһᣬʵԭǸˣ÷ϣϵóΪʲô㻹ǲϷŹ
ԣߴһºȺ꣬㵹˵ʲôỹ˵ȽϺá
Ҳ֪˵ʲôûôĹңҾú⡣Ⱥµġ
²İѹߴǰĺȺһƿҹһȥʲô£˭ˣЦ顣
ڣߴЩܾǶȥˣæ㵽Ⱥ걳
Ҿ֮ᣬҺͺֻǺýãǺֵܣԲԣǺá
б±棬治֪ϲʲôѵ𣿡ܻ˵
Ҳ֪Ҫȥߴó˼£̼侲侲ױ͸ûұˡ
ʵߴоЩԾôоϲˣ
һͱ֤ʵ
»ָǣȻȺϲ˱ˣҲϡ㣬ȥҼ˻飬ǵù㣬ô˵
ߴѶµÿһ仰óϸϸƷζȫǶԼϲ˵̬ȣֻ˲ͷͼڰѡ
Ŀɨ˶¼ۣӲö¶飬㿴ʲôĲӦ𣿡
ߴȻһЦĵȷԼĲ²⣬ģɵ˵Ϊ޸ܴλãҿȷ㣬ǡɡܣ
ը|ҩͰըˣΪرô˵ϲҲᱻ˴棬ֻһıȻҡ
Ⱥǳŭδ޸ԼһñӣȲҪ˻飬˫˫ɣԼŪڹ֮У
Ŷô϶һǰҲһأߴ´۲ת˵
Һƴˣ
ǰ˼ΣȺסˣˡ
ԲͣȺ˶һƣˣ˵ĻһûأȻҲűˡ
ߴզ࣬û뵽֮ǰ˵ϲĺ˵ͷһ㶼棬Сˡ
ȻҴңȺŲҡһţûȺԼ
ĻȺһֹˣһЦˣұ죬þˡ
ţȺµĸߴһˮС㣬ȿڲˮ졣
ߴӹ豭һڣ뿪ڣȺ˵ˣеС
ȺǿưŶ¹ڵϣúÿļͷСȻҾͰ˽鹫ڣʵ˭Ȱ㲻Ҫ˵ƭңһȥģҪһ䲻ʵԸ
ºˣԼûס̼ôᵽĵز
ɫӲĺȺĹߴʶĿ˼ͷðڴ˸ˡ
ûϵû⡣ߴô˵ţȴǶ˵ġ˭
죬ߴͺȺ궼Լҵĳϣ檵Ǿӡ
˭ߴоЩ죬
껡Ⱥѹֶ¿Լʸ֦ҲԼʲôݣ

 62 

ߴЩ벻ͨȺȻ΢һ㣬ɱרһƾֻϲһˣ
ǰȺ굽ϲϲѾҪˣ
˵Ϊʲô˵ŴС㣿
ȺɫЩŤһ껣;Լͷϴһñӡ
Ϊ˾ˣǸӾһɴ˼ɴ͵͵ʮƣյĻһ˲ɴ⡣
궭µߴһӾͼ𵱳ʱһɴϣûҪ
ⲻǵòԶɧû껶Լжϲ
ˣȥɣ˵Сˤһӣˣô˵ð鶵סǲ͸¶ҺͺߴޱķԸ¡
µײײ뿪ˣ¹ߴͺȺš
ʲô뷨ֱ˵ҿܲܰæߴȿˡ
ûȺȺػӿ˽ʲôôСôˣ
ûʲôˡȺûĻش
ǷᣬǷģˣСʧķϣҾͲƽˡеСѸϨ
ǣ˵²ףƫƫֵܡһ˵
û£ĺδ޷ݣֵǸһõģȥ¥ʶʶЦŴһºȺؿڡ
һ㣬һһ½˵ߴۿˣ
û뷨ȺߴЩֶһ䣬ɨء
򵥰ֱײļ飬㲻˵𣿡
һǲǴģźȺꡣ
ԴˣȺ֪ܲʲôڵ˼Էһ˼ûС
Ҹɣ쳤ϣʱô˵ô˵һ⡣
ҿ԰㰲šæ
ע⵽ȺеߴһѪ˵ǺһʵŪˣҲһۣɳ˼ϡ
ô죿˿ڡ
ܼ򵥣ǰѵص㻻ϣͿǸҲɶ¶ԻͶͱļ󣬾Ϳ߰
ڵĳ´ȥµɨأû˸ڻʵǰȺ붭µĻ£ⴥŭʵۡ
ߴһ»ʺˣʱ˵˵飬ñ°͸һ
ǵֺԼ˵ϲźͽ밲Ȩ
һ˵ĲкϷˣ֪»ô
ѹһͷǳ鴤һ¡
취ñ¸λ֡
ʵߴ뵽һ취¹شû͸¶»Ҫİ
ûأˣȺ˵ȻҲû
ܺãǻȥúðһ£ʡó˲ߴݹȥһҩƿҩɫζҩ˻ʲôزͿˡ
ߴҲ̫ҩЧΣֻںᴨһΣᴨºԼ˵ĿҩͦǿģҩЧӦòˣҪʤɫζ
С㣬ȻʱЯֶ÷ǳ˼顣
ѵֵܼ使һɪɪ
Ҫ룬һȥ㡣ȺСԼڷ
ҲԵġЩߡ
ǡһᡣ
ԣߴðûǼôûڲ٣
ǼˣϹʲôأ
ʲôȺеҩƿĻ˻Ρ
ǣҽͣǺᴨİáߴԥһ£ѹ˦Ҳǵһˡ
Ǿ˵С͵¸ôãôῴǣԥ˵Ϲ˵ͷ͡
ߴЩεЦЦʾܾոշ¡
ⰮЩر𣬴С΢һ㣬СĽ
Ȼģһתᴨġ
ߴŷҪͷôǸ룿
ϣʧɫС㣬ڵǰҡ
ɫ࣬ߴþգУҲߺᴨʲôΪڷѣ
㿴𣿡ϵָݸߴ
ԡߴָ£ĺɰ
ʱˣȻȥˡ
ߴɲ̫ãʱ䳤˲úǹؼ
û뵽ǼʹȥͦģҲú壬Ҫѽ˵Ŀͷŵȫʵ֡
ţߴЩԾᴨô𣿡
Ȼһصдóһд7֡
ߴƳ˼ۣҪҲУǲӦøһλ֣Ҫ
ֲ˵㡣¶޹
ߣʲ˵һ˾ΪߴЦӯӯĿ
һе˼ߴУҪ
Ͼǵùߴ˵ӣҲ֪ߴһ㻳еļûС
ºôװ𣿡
ģҴȸּ󣬹޻ʺǣ
ߴ軵軵ģ̲סһڣҾöУ˵㡣
Ǿͼ޻ʺǣ˭ǴɱǣʹʻǲǣҲԹǵĲ磬˭˵
ߴúܣڹŴжҪж࿴شڽӴ
Ȼᴨ⣬Լ磬пܴһӣǶʲôǡ
ߣǻ̸һֽϵɡֵþһųǹСӡ
һ˲ô죿ߴü
ģұ֤ߣҪҵʵȻǳš
ϴд֮ôûǰ֪ߴĽҶ̡
Ҫû뵽ǵô󡣡Ʋͷȥס
ϵİ̺ôģߴЩĵӡ
ߣˡƵ˵
Ŷɡߴ޶ԵĻش
ɫлᴨԼǰֽϻһƣбװϰʱ
һйˣɥſ鰸ϣߣ㶼ңһǲĴ󱦱
ߴչȥһڣ˵أ
ߣҲҪ촽
״ߴĶͷպ°ͣû촽
ߣˣĵļ졣
ùߴ뵽ĺֱ࣬ȣɰ
˵ֱȥҧ˺üڣȻ۾Ͷ
ãߴͻȻһƿǽ⿿š
ҶˣǸˡߴܾһԼҪˡ
ŶõģôԶʲôЩίֲ᲻ܲ˼ȥ
ߴԼΪȷʵڷһһͷⲻСС࣬벻㣿
㣬㣬㡭Се÷ǳ֡
ЩߴûιˮǰСرûСԴֺ
ߴͦϲСë׵СԴرȡ

 63 

ߣҪߣֽϵŵһǰԺֻĴߡ
ЩίֻֽдأתͷͽĿͷŵ֮Ժ
ˡߴ޹ĿһۣŤͷͰοС࣬첻ˣιˮ졣
Сˣ鲻ԸС
С˼ëߴˣᴨҪһҲС
ߣ˵ܲ죬ôûôԼ
Сƽʲôֲ˯һ顣ߴ§סĶ䡣
㻹˯һ붼룡Ϊݺݵ˵
ûУߴֻлᴨ˯һŴҵĴ󱦱
ߴԼԽԽˣˣ
ͬͬѨһ档
ߴЩսľܸоһ˵ײѾ׼ˣҪҪһԣ
Ϊʲôлᴨܰ黰˵ôˣ
Լһ㶼жģ
ĸˡߴûڵĻᣬŤͷߡ
ٵȥҪˣ
󲽿ǰӱ§סߴߣұ㣬Ҳŵеһ
ߴӦˣȲǰ£ߣ
ߴ¶˿Ц⣬İȫѹȥ
ߣһ㡣챳ʱЩԥĿڡ
Ǿˣ
ߴҧгݣߣҪлᴨĻشǡǡ˯ȥˣԼ̫һŴ
ûУϣһ㣬̫ˣҶ˼㡣
ߴû뵽һԲϾͿɣ֪Ρ
У춼ˡĿ˿ɫ
㲻ˣҪͷ㡣ߴקקĶ䣬չȥҧһڡ
ͣ˽ŲߣҧҶ䣬ϲҵĶ䡣
ϲ˵꣬ߴ޼ɵҧһڡ
ϲϲ촽۾ıӡߣܲ˵ϲЩᡣ
ŶߴĶ䡣
ߣ֪ˣϲ˵ϲҡ
ԽԽĿĵ˻Źߴԭشת
ߴһʱ̲ͣסļ򣬡ϲתȦ鷳Ȱҷ
ԼˣͷΣ
æѹߴ£κӣЩ£ߣȥ㵹ˮ
ˣԱߴÿǺȻԡ
ô죬ȻǸȥˡ
ߴֻһ㡣
ΪԲ£ΪҪͶι˵Ҳŵеһ
һ뵽ֽ鷳֣ߴʲôθڶûˣǵúһ7ŵ
ҷ´Ҳŵ
лᴨˣ
ô죿оᴨɹͦõģԼͿһֱˣ
ߴùֽ˿4ֱһϴԧԡÿ̶5ǣ˯ǰѺ׺һۺʱεأлᴨ§Źߴ˯
ߴ붼ͷۣĿᴨܻܲҼǲס
У׿ڴӦҵġҲľܾ
ߴɫǿĿڣǾǣȷʵе࣬Ҹȥߺ2
ɲһߴ۾һóʳָ˻Σмֽοɰ
ѵĵסĹƣߣĲУ5Ѿˣ
ǺðɡߴЩźתͷְοԼ࣬5ѣѶϵҲ
ȵ˯ǰ뷨Ҳûı䣬Ψһ§˯һеȡ
漴ԸһЩߴҲûˡ
ļ죬˶æŸԵ£ߴҲ⣬ú׼ʵ۵
ԭдһ١ֻ֣ǰͨī֭ƵϡɽĥɵĽۡƵҹۡϡİ׾ƺͨĽˮ϶ɡ
ߴڷֽд81֣мġ١ױȵĴԢǾžŹһ
ܹ5ʱ䣬дҲˡ
ǰߴûϵõʱ˻ɡ
磬ߴ˷ͷֻ󣬰յ費ʱڡ١Ͼ裬
ߴоʱˣЦӯӯĿڣʣֻҹﻹܷ⣬ϧǰ죬Ч
ʵЩ棬ֿڳ˶ȽϸȤһȺƫƧ֮ȥһõӣһһ¡
ϣߵһ룬ŮϵʵŭΪ빬Ů˽ܣ˽͵飬ϳͲЧȡ
˭֪ȻǿһİĳŮʵ۾üֱǻ
ߴ˵Ȼ֪ŮǶ£Ǽ˰ŵĺϷָ˷Ŀɳȥҧ
һжǵԸУ˻ʵͼڴ£
ʣٳ˼ѪŮһɡ
ߴЩһûҪµһ滹Ķ³Ѻ˵˵һҧģҪơ
ʲ޷Ҫ澣Ȼ޵Ϲӡ
Ȼߴоһӿˣ
˼ʱԼݼˣѽҶӺۣᴨʣܣǲҪˣ
ϷסߴǳżߣôˣҪң
ǵļƻпɲģӦǹߴںʱŻȻ̫ҽеϢټװʺƵ̥ûסˡ
ʵüߵ̫˵µȻ飬ˮӺͼѡ
˵꣬ʵۼҴҵĸϵߴߣ̫ҽûµġ
һԵ̫ˣСеĺ̫ҽһ׺̫ҽҴææ
̫ҽһɫЩŹ֣ߴҧҧ촽ᣬƴİʾ̫ҽǲǸоҪСˣ
ԾǼƻıˣ
ߴ滨ǳ̫ҽ˴ᣬҪ˻Ů࣬Ůһʱ֮ġ
£Сף˴̼̥ȣҪԴһʱ䣬Ҳ˳סӡ
̫ҽô˵ߴĵ˿ʣͷǼһ·Ҽǰڲ˫ϲţԶ֮ڣ
檻ǿǿʵҲĻش
ǡ
ߴǡ˰죬ʲô˵Ҳ˵ִĻʵۡ
У̫ٲı˵£ǵ޺˵£ˣּ⣬Ϊˣȥú갲̥ҩٻȥ
ʵ²ʥּ뿪ˣȥͶµ¡

 64 

Ȱ̥ҩö˹ڳ˶ȥ˴ߣߣιȣеࡣ
ʲôȣˣҸûСߴյ˵Ļ
ҩô죬ˣ滹˿šеЩΪѡ
ȣι㡣ߴЦЩ⡣
ҪڶԿιңҾͺȣѧὲˡ
ҲǣҪǰߴ϶һ˦һ䡰ȲȣŲź򡣡
ֻ󹷹һգ۾ߴȻѡУҴӦ㡣
밲̥ҩǺˣߴҲɬ˻һ㣬Ƕϸϸζƺ˷һ
ߴЩƽ⣬ͼԼĿζû뵽ӿɬ
п˵ʱҲˣôܲһ᣿
𣿡ߴòôǵȥζ˰ɣ
𡣡˵
Ժ󣬹ߴϺƽȴӿ
ˣᴨζʧˣ
̫ҽ
и˼ƣ
Ȼߴ뵽һſܡζ⣿
ᴨ̥ҩôôû
˵𡣡͵
𣿡ߴ̵ģᴨ˵ˮƽߡ
ǼɡĻŭŵ˵
˵ߴʱ򣬻ʵۻˣĺ´ˣѵ˼䡣
㶼ôһˣ֪أУ㻹ѹϣǶδĺӣСģͶкüˣ
֪ˣʡίû˵
ߴûаæ˵΢ЦıֳĬ
ᴨ˭һ쵽ױã
ʵûж˵ʲôһЩҩģԸ̫ҽڹߴߣڴһᣬ˹ߴˡ
ȻʵԶȲĳڹߴϷߣ㲻ˣȻһ߿Ц
С㸸ʻߴѵ
ġ˵꣬ȥ
ûǹʵ۵ĽŲһµӴϷȥǳϧûվȣַһ´ء
ʵ۽ݺ󣬷˫ֳڴϣʲô
Ŷⴲβι̡ƸôֻˣϾЩĲɡ
ʣᴨȻˣҲûб衣ߴЦӯӯһڡ
ˣʣʲô£ߴоԼոҵĽںܲæתƻ⡣
ԼȻˣ
ǣǲòμˣȥ̥
ʵԭֻùߴһ˻ȥֻǿЩᣬҲԼϸ£Ǹϻȥɣ۲Ĳ
л¡ߴͬĻص
Ȼʵ׼ȥߴ˵Ȼѡ̻˳һ¶ڵ
ˣô˻ʹԻһѸӵС
õϢ󣬹ߴţȻʵۣԸ30壬ҲҪΪ
¾ô
ʵҲûĶ£ιһԵҩС
ֱŮ˺ܴһﲻУڼ仹úõȻԺ̥ܿ첻㡣
ߴû겻ѻֻĹע㶼ڿҲҪλϣٶԱһԼҵǻЩƽ⡣
㿴˼ҿٿ㣿һֱ˵ϲң
ߴšһѣֺ顣
ÿ̸λ֣лᴨĵģԼŸոϲλã
ǣ˵ͬöҪԭҩȣҿ᲻ȡ
վԭز㣬ԽԽףҲԼܵҲãõ߱ˡ
ҲţһҩôߴĪŪң
ߣµĲ֮λûģ϶Ը⹩ӦĵرڻʺܣԺֻһֱСʹ̥Ҳز
Լ޹ֿãﾡ⣡
ŶǾˡߴԼԼɴˣ
¾ôȥˡ
ߴʱܵ
ʵ۵ҲͷβĽˣѹû˸Һͻʵ绹ûڵĺ󹬼硣
ߴ֪ҲûΪֶеھΣʵ۵ЩɧĿûֻʵ۹ƻԼĸ顣
ߴô֮£
ʵۿǷԸú̥ҲǱĽ㡣
ûʺ˱
ʱ¾ſߴЦ
϶˵ʱǺȺ͹ߴ߻ģȻߴΪ˿Լ֣ܣ̥ûס
ߴˣҵģɲܹң
Ϊˣߴصذ֧ᴨĺˮ
Ŷȥƨƨߵˣ߹ȻԼĺˮ
Ҳûˣʲôֱ˵ߴͶ¹Ĩǡ
صлģҪһڵλáһǰ
Ͼ˶˴˹ϵ
ÿڸչ˿Ϊ˸лңߴ룬л
˭֪檳ȺֵõȥտᶼûС
˭пΪӣ檻ðɹУ뿵뿪
֮¾Ͳģ㻹ǹܺǿɣȻ̬ûźá
ߴûƽĳԲѷЦӯӯҿɱȲĺģԸδĹⲩһǰ̡
ʲô˼ü
ѵ㲻֪ҩü𣿳ĵرӡߴȵ˵
ܣһƭҡȹߴĻҪ޲ýӴק
ߴ⶯ˤ´ŶӸɺҶӺۣţ
һһȺ˳˽ôˣ̫ҽ
̫ҽһٵĻ͵ذѺˮ򷭣ߣѪˣ
ǰеӷ·ߴϾҪȥˣùߴ㷭ۣݵ̫ˣ
޴վԱߣһֱţҲǹģ治ǹġ
ߡܾ㼸˾ʱײ¡
һûվſ˵ϣɴͲˣſǿ
̫ҽüͷ壬ʾߴһΰܵСˡ
⻰һ̴ӵˣܾҪ׷ߴֹˡ
ˣ֮һĵġߴĻǰǳìܡ
ûãɲıõ¾ʹˡ
ʵŭ֮󣬿Ҳ˹ͷүȻʺ밲øӲɿ϶Ϊ˻λѶҾ͸Լ׶ӡ
ʹģʵһŭ֮°˶ˣָƽȻԲӿ
ߴ쿴ϷϾཻ֮һĵᡣ
ڼȺҸһ£ߴǹûͦͻݵģǺȺûв⵫Ҳ̸ϲ
ߴǿģǲΪ

 65 

ʵҲ֪ǲǱˣӹԽãֺͿҪ鶼㽻죬Լֻǹʼ䡣
ǰİλӶõ˲£֣һĻλӡ
ߴûʲôֻǸŻʵ˳Դöȣʵ׺ľǮľǮʲôʲô
ԼһЩҩģ˻ʵʹ͸ģһЩչġ
ùߴû뵽ȻҪȥ֣˵ǲúֿ̫á
ߣȥһ˹·ȵ
㲻ǻֵһͬȥ𣿡ߴָʵ
ǲ㡣ҲĻشȻ۰Ͱ͵ߣֻңûҶ˯š
ߴ㲻ġԣûԡ
Ͱ͵СģߴܾĻ˵ڣŮװװС˸ߡ
ߴߵûΪߴĴзԣʱԼɨأ㲻ԼԼ
һ·˳˳ģƽİ͵ֵĵطس̵·λȻȥ͹ߴһ·档
ܿģйסߴɰʱʹ̳ӴˣеǿҪߴŮװ־롣
ԴҪ󣬹ߴȻǾܾģ˵õĿɲı䣬˿ɽ֪úõĴôط֣
ھһɽʱߴڳ֣ΣͻȻˡ
ˣеȫǻʵ۵ˣԼһû
ղԾеһԱͱļϸɱˣΧм
òˣʹ书ǿҲӦôˣϣƨͱһ͡ಡĳ˳ȥ
ģܲˣˤڵϣߴ˳ᴨôסԼ
ȻͷѰ״̬ƲأֻǺ˿ж
ߴϽι˼ⶾҩֹѪɢ˿һ£ɿһʱѲ
Щ
׷ܿҪˣһ˹ܲԶԥһ£ߴһݴԲĬĬҪ˷֡
Σյĵطȫĵطһ벻ǾͲ⸽
ûˣ˶һŮ˴һܲԶ
ߴˣһԼѾ¶ˣ˭ôע
ûһᣬ׷Զȥĵ˿ʱһߴס
˰죬ûжߴΪȫˣ̽ͷͿһӶԼ̽Եһ䣺һ𣿡
һ͹ˣҿɲ빦ͱ˷ȥǺ־˵
ܷܲŹңҰ㣿ߴҧҧ촽öԷɾ裬Ż¡
Ҳһϧͷһ֪Է飬Ȼǡ
ߴͷ֪ʱɢڼͷϣӸĳ
Ҹ𣿡Ӳݴ˳彣֧סҡҡ׹塣
ߴЩգºˣոյĻˣƺᴨΪԼҪˡ
Ȼأϧ仨ˮ飬ģ
ߴʱӾȻ䣬֪ڻ
֮ŭˣߴΪܵȵɱȻͿ³һںѪ˹ȥ
ֱˣᴨôˣ
岻̫ãܲ˴̼ԸίңҿԴԶ߸߷ɡɫڴĿŹߴ
ô͸ıˣߴ̲ס˸ۡ
»ûŮ˵ζȻһԣرôϲЩԥĽ˼䡣
˼ҶûȤұ˰ɡߴƿڴֵļŭԷ
Ĳһһ԰æŪȫĵطӲĵ˵
ȰҸȫĵطߴװǡ
û˵ֱӰϣɽȥߴСŸ
磬ܷܲģ͵ûǣߴúͦ˵ģܲɱá
ûȺӻش𣬺ӵͬͻȻð
һӾͷأҲ˵ϡ
緢СӲԾˡ˵꣬ӵͬﲻмʬ塣
״ߴԥɢҩ
ӵͬﻹΪߴҪԾæǰߴץסɢȻ͵ˡ
ߴͳذ׸һ죬ⲻ˽Ѫ
عͷߴûѵףеһϢĺףˣԼд󻹵
ιһŴ󻹵̶̼Ϣ֮ƽ࣬ûѹ
ߴ˵ܾ˯˯̫ڲԸ
ĵطľʢЩտߴҲ֪Ķ㡣
ΧʱûˣԴռ䣬ϲǳɹˡ
ռ֮󣬹ߴȪԣȥҩɽҩʱôãֵóɽҩӡ
ˣֹߴڿɽҩһֻǿԼһۡ
ߴ֮ǰҪҪأпռ¸ô˵
ˡ
ҲҪԡһ
Լڡߴеɽҩȫ꣬췴ûؼʱ̵ӣ˵ξΣ
һɥȪ
Ƴ˹ߴһۺίͰ͵˼ɽҩƤ
㲻Ǵ㶪һܣôûô˵
ǻΪƤҵȲ֡ߴ˳Ϲ
ߣƭˣʵ㲻ңӱ˵ߴ˲䡣
ߴʱˣ᲻ö㲻ܣ
Ҿ֪˵꣬Ц۾
ߴõԴȿһֵĻҾòˣ
ߣңҲ𡣡
Źߴ֣ͼȥͱߴסƿ
ߣסˣոջúõģô˵ͱ䣿
һᣬԡһ¡˵꣬ߴȿ½̤Ȫ
ȥߣģôȵģ
ʱ׷ͺصطߴ룬û˵ʵ˲ʵ
ߴ֪ûУڶԷû׷ʵ˼
ߣǺþûˡ
Ϲߴûпܣִ˼֣֮ܿС
º󣬹ߴһȪһָϴ·ָʹת
ᴨˣȥϴɾ
Ŷá
ϴûУ
ߣϴ
汿
ĸǣ
һ飬ûУ
ˡ
ϴһŴ
Ŷ
ϴϴþͺɡ
ûС
ºû
ϴꡣ
ûУ
Ͼͺá
Ūýҡ
֪ˣߡ
ǧ࣬ڰ˵ϴòɣһͷͷֹߴ֪˯ˡ
߹ȥĶͷ˱ϰ§ڻ

 66 

˻ᣬע⵽ߴƤ˶ߣˣ
ţᴨûȫָˣߴڿռ̫ãҪʳԭ˭Ըɽҩ
һⶼûУߣǲǸҳʲô鵤ҩЩ档
ԥһ£ߴ̯ûпҩƿ
ܿһߴⷢǺܾ֮ǰװҩҩƿ˶ٴƤˣ
ôţߴҲʳ˿ڡ
ЩߣҵƤֲڣһֱĨ壬Чͦõġ
ԣߴʱоԼ̫ˣűɢżĨһĨࡣ
ãʲôҶϲߴ뻹úᴨţԼܱܲһ˻ڰɡ
Դˣĵĸһøжȡ
֣Զøжֵ92İ׶Σٽ
ϵͳߴոսٺʱǺøжȣںƾȻˣ
һߴѴ󻹵һŵƿƿһǳɰѻ˵ꡣ
ᴨһţãӦÿȻ˾ûˣٵ
ߴĸˣᴨʵҩҪΨһһ׵ˣԼû˵
Ŷһúղء̵İҩƿŵ
˼˰죬ߴ˯ˣ͵͵Ļص硣
Ѳãƺûʲô˯⣬ڿռĴתơ
ռı߽磬ߣط񲻴󣬳ȪҩûˣΧпһǽ
Ҳ̫أᴨҪҪ˯һ᣿ߴźᴨ϶ܾջ
еϹ˷ܵĺ
һᣬû˯ţһֲֻ̫ʵ˼Σߴȥ
ٲ˯ͱ˯ˡߴԼȶˣлᴨȻ˯
ߣٵȵȣһ˯⡣۾֪ʲôм˿Ц⡣
Ҳ֪ȥãС࣬ߴЩЦ̲סıӣ˲㱻ԼŪѣżæ֡
ʱӦϣߴһת뿪ռ䣬ص硣
ѹңһ紵ߴԥѻҡѡ
ߡտھͱߴסͣյС˵һ㣬ȫһ
ǣҿֱӴɻݣ˻ǻؾһ㶼ġ
Уһǵô죬Ƿʤߴ˵ǡ
⡪˶·⻹Ҫ·ߣҪˮ·ɣΣջˮС
ߴú˾̤˻ؾ֮·
ȫߴװ渾洬˳ˮ·ǰճ㲢ͷв˾ͺȴĵˮ˾ͳԿ㣬˾һꡣ
һ·˵ǣαװҲϲǴͷ绪
ߴûͨŽȥֱӷԽĳǽڣ͵͵صڼûоκˡ
ϸϴһ󣬹ߴ˽
ڴУߴֹ䲻ʧɽУ˵Ǵŭɽץˣʮа˾ˡ
һжΪҵֵ˽ԴŲȥ档
ߴ̫ɶˣȻʵǻ·ϸտʼͱ׷ɱ
źǺᴨϵ˿ˣһ㶼µ˰̣Ȼһʵ۸״ȥ
׷ɱ֮ûʲô֤ݣߴֻðʵࡣ
ߴ֪ǶԷԭѺڹ۸Ǳصǰҵ˭֪һЩƽճϣʡ鷳
˺þãȻû׼ȷϢͲһܿ㣬ϣһֱ˲úȻҧԾˡ
ߴЩͷֱӦþүǰˡ
ǣߴ߶ʮһҪһʵۿߣŬĨүʺˣһɫ
˹͢¡ʺʵ¶
ߴû뵽ǵô󣬻ʵѾҩʯҽˣȻǲڲǰֱۣôúȥδӣ
ѹԼͺᴨƽʵҲûټ
ʵϾҪݺȥǻλ䵽˭
ϣǴӰүүǺߣ˷űỹԼйء
ᴨɣ͵û
ߴǵԷ˶ڣʹƿ֮Уûʲôʤ㣬Һýûͨ
Ҳ˵ʱû֪ڻظü
ȻظԺδѣǲʵڲоͱƹܲ⣡
ߴ벻ǵزŻʵ۵İΣ
߲ߣߴˣΪʵ۴
ߣǿҸʡоǳΪѡ
ȲߴֱԲ˵
ܾȣҵǿҩҴϡɫЩ⡣
ʹѾǵˣʵҲûʲôãû˻ģ˵ʵ಻㻹һߴԥĴ
ҿ԰Ѹʴ⡣
ô죿ߴЩ飬лᴨǴڻʹ
ߣҿ϶ٻȸʡеίˣһֱ߷ŵλȴԼ
ߴüû˵ǾòȫʱֵΪʵðգʹĸʣΣ
ԼִĸڲϣֻͲԼ޹ء
ʹѹߴͻߴȫһֱûһɫ
̤ŵһߴˣ㸸ʶҲûôãҪΪƴ𣿡
СʱҺܺõġ˵꣬ŲͣЪˡ
ߴ̱ڴߣһᣬлᴨʧȥˣҿԶˡ
ҪĲǵһΨһң
һԺ󣬹ߴ񣬴ڶ׼һӪʧܣʱҲòȡ
ߴóһμοҼҲһˡ
еĻҪ򵥣ߴɼʮԴԴϵľ·ϸ
ֵȣûлߴǱˣӦûţĹûʧܡ
лᴨҿԣֲñˣ
κ󣬹ߴӼȴǵþǿоûʮȫǲᶯֵġ
ȻߴҲûиɵţͨҩݽʹԼǵŽ찵лԼˡ
ڴ˶ʮߴָһ£룬ֱӹʹ
ʺ˻ûӦǵͼͶˣֻʣ¼˻ڸ翹
ǰߴȺû¶棬ɲ빦ܴɣһġ
ͷţͷߴѷԸȥͻʵۣذĴ
ùߴʧûҵˣͻʵⲻ˱ʣ
һյ󣬻ʺЮͻʵ߳ôϽ˳ǣԸ
Ķҡˣʢת˥

 67 

״ߴܾȥǰһϢĹ⣬ͻʵ۳ˣʺǾ͸ᣬһúøδСʵۡ
֪Ϣ󣬴Ķʱˣʺ߶ţһƭ˵ġ
ǿߴͷβû¶棬ôںͻʵۣƺΨһĽ͡
ʺһȺʣµȫͶˣеĴ׽ԭ
ȥʺߴļһͻͻʵۣߴӦˡ
ϱͻүܲ˻λϾҪȴַ˵Ĵһŭͱ˻ʵۺˡ
үɱ˼æǰʵۺ
ʵ۵ãסؿڣܾ˵Ĳһ˴ӵҡҡλεһһߵߴǰ
ߣԲ𡣡
ûжԲңҲĵǸߴĲлᴨΪʲôı󶯣
ôֻ˵ã
ߣҴˣҡŹߴʹ顣
ģᡣ
ùߴεΧ˸ſĺùȣ
ǸϽѵ·ȥҩߴ˦˦ȣͼľ
ҲߣߣҪҡŹߴĴȲš
û˵Ҫ㣬ٲҩСѪ⡣ߴоĺۣлᴨѲ
ҪҩȻѪһֱšһѣ߻Լô顣
ԣߴϸϸһ£ɫ԰Ѫ죬̲סˣǷģ
ͳֹѪɢ˿ϣ𣿡
ۡίͰ͵˵
۾Ͷˣ˭㲻ߴһ
ߣԺġԥ˵ָ֤
ߴﰵ̾һˣ仰̫ˡ
ˣǾסڻʹȥˣһһĺӾеǻʽ
ߴ붼ƹˣʵǰæһһλʵ̱Ȩջйʹ
ţ֪סģҺһ𡣡лᴨȻҲûͷ
ǻʵ۴µĵط
ʹǰߴϸоʹͼӲ׼̣֮ȻҲް֮ս
ǣлᴨ²Źߴסػ
ʲôλ֣ϴί檣βỹҪίҰɣߴֱ˵
лᴨ˻ʵۣԼ檣ǽǺԡҪʺ
ҪǶԲסˣʹȪȥɣҲϡʱҸطȹ
ţߴһᡣ
лᴨȻûһȻͿߴ޵滨꣬ǵˮ
ߣһĸ£Եλֻġлᴨʮּᶨ
֪Լոһ˲
ǺҵľСߴҲ֪лᴨ˻ʵֳܱܲĲ䣿
Ҫ˻ʺлᴨһӸ飬ԼǲӦǰ·
ˣʱ˵ھδлᴨ̫ƽˡ
ְɣ
֣Զøжֵ93İ׶Σٽ
ߴһøжȲΪģ
лᴨϲԼ޸
лᴨⱲֻйߴһˣǾҲúлᴨնĳŵ
ôҲ˵ЦˡߴµԵЩġ
лᴨ΢΢Щʧ䣬ִܿ
ߣױ⼸һֱ㣬ԽԽûģġ
лᴨ۰Ͱ͵ĿŹߴüûкˡ
ãԺһ㡣ߴлᴨԴ촽һ¡
ߣĴ󱦱ˡлᴨĵòԭرըԭˣ
𣿡ߴ벻ǰ㻹ΪϻʵִУ˵Ϲĺ
Ȼҷġлᴨ§Źߴ֡
ҹһΡ
ߴٸһλᣬûһˣϣᴨúðգϾԼҲϣܺúõһ
ߣһ㻰ָҾԲлᴨ˼˵
ԴˣߴǰŰɣ˵˵ǿûã
ʱˣȥ˴šߴоǳһ춼ûôţҪθڲá
ȥɡ
лᴨȲҪڣûȹߴشʹ󲽿
ߴ޺һԼһˮССڵƷƷȷʵһζ
ߣһЩ㰮ԵġˣһֱʣǲлᴨЩᡣ
ΣûΣߴʵ׳һ⡣
Ҳ֪Ҽϣ֮иŦֲҪ˽֮䡣лᴨЩա
ӹšߴɵܽ
֮ĸ鵽Ҫάֵĳ̶ȣҲûҪˣѰ»Ա˴˶á
Ϊ˺ǿԼһӣΪԼģ
ʹͼ尾ѧ֣׼ʼһµĸ顣
߲⣬˲ӵҸõѵ
ߣǲˣлᴨ뺢ӻǲҪΪã˺ӣǿԹĺԼ
󱦱͹ˡ
ûУҾɰߴĬĬ˺䣬ɵÿɰ
лᴨһϲõ뿪˵žͶˣߴклᴨԡ
ߣҸʢһ˲㳢һζô
лᴨߴǺ˵ȻԼЩί
߾ǲԼ˵ô죿
ԥƬ̣лᴨСȥߴֶԷ޶ԣԼһŶԸ⣬Խþɥѹ
Ϊʲôողǻҿɰ
ߴ֪лᴨ˻Ծڿһ⡪лᴨˣǰϴ裬ιһСԼϴ
ô죬оѡԼ̫ҪԼȥɣ
ع񣬹ߴлᴨţûüɻ󣬾͸ܵ˱Լȡ
ƿһлᴨ˭
أߴˣúóԷ±ȣ
ߣǲǲϲˣ
лᴨһ˵ҾͿ޸㿴ӣùߴһʱԶԣоô˵ԡ
ûУˣһǷǳϲġߴĲһ䣺ֻǲˡ
ҡлᴨܸоĲԾȴ˵
лᴨĳ˼Уߴţܾһػ²һ£ĶðĶˣСҲˡ
С࣬벻㣿ߴιС࣬˳ιһСС̡
롣Сַǳ
ʱлᴨ죺ߣеƫģС඼˻ιһֵ÷ɲˡ
СˣСȻֵȥˣ
ðɣ˵öԣСȷʵٳԵˡ
ߴСഹͷɥİƨɶԼæ˳ë˼£ܿСֻ
ߣҲҪҡлᴨӱ§Źߴ
ߴͷ𣿡
ߣ㲻ϲҵĶ𣿡лᴨǵ֮ǰϲҧԼġ
ǸԡˡߴЩתƻ⣬
̲סǴԼʲô˲Ӧлᴨ
˵˵һĻȴû
ôһ룬ߴֱ׳˵ϲǻģڲϲˡ
лᴨĬˣߴ־ЩִЩϢĿռ䣬ȥڵˮԡ

 68 

һʱ󣬹ߴڴշתþãſлᴨƵĻоԼʱ˵ͱ۾˯ˡ
лᴨ̣һȥ״ε˵ţߣ㻹ǵӦҵ5£㲻ңѾ֪ˣ˵Ըٸһλģ
ߴװ˯лᴨоԼˡ
۾ĹߴȻܵҺԼϣһ۲ŻˣлᴨȻԲһף
ԼֻʱҪʱһ
ô
ˣԼȴΪı⣬ٸһλᣬһʱԭദʽ˭
ȻԽԽߴǵһʱлᴨ°˿ڣȻݺݵҧһڣҹһ㣬ϹڣҲ᲻Ҫġ
ߣңΪʲôġ
˵꣬лᴨ·ˣȻСŪһƬҪϦϼʺ硢ǡ
ߴˣΪȥˣҲûҪԷΪԼô
˭Ҫôģӻ˰ɡ
ߴˣʣµıɢһסˡ
ҩƿԺ󣬹ߴ޿ڴϣлᴨ§Լ˯
һ磬лᴨȹߴȲķķ֣ߣ㿴ϵ˰ûˡ
Ŷ֪ˡߴСƿɢˣûЧ֡
֣Զøжֵ94İ׶Σٽ
ϵͳߴͼοԼٱɢһøжȣû˾ûˣϧʧܶա
ô죬ǾۣԼûôã
ǣߴЩ߰¶Ƹлᴨ͸ġ
ϻʵˣлᴨҪʺһųն壬ߴ˵飬꼰µĺһҸ˼
ԴˣʺܸмλʥּɴԾ
ߴ⣬ϻʵ۾ȻѻλлᴨҲã˳ĵǻ
÷Ķˣеүǵ檣ͨͨĽ
ϻʵ۵ŸӣʱƫƧĹ̥
ڿļ壬ڱڹֻ΢ṩһЩֻԼӳΣٵı٣ٺķٺ
ԭϻʵ۴ҴˣߴΪ鲢顣
վʹϢùߴۣټϰʹ˸Сˡ
Դˣ˶ߴТ
ߣǵĺûˣлᴨ̲סߴĶӡ
ûСߴȻ˵ŶԷû˵ѡ
Ŷлᴨúܣ̸ϲҲ˵ϱ
лֱ˵Ų𣿡ߴȥˡ
ߣǿҪҵĺӡлᴨһʹ˵
ϲӣҪ̫ˣ
û£˵ãҲûǸġߴΪʲôأԤϡ
ܲûλ˰ɡ
ߣһܺ𣿡лᴨˡ
áߴɴĻش
ߡлᴨʹϲ䡣
ˣҵʱֵһ¡ߴĥ˵Сһ֪ȣ̫ˣ
лᴨʽǻͬһߴΪʺʽŵһУлᴨǣŹߴΡ
Ȼûд󳼸ڻʵͷָ񲻺ͣڻʺҲǡ
˵ƹǻʺģʱʵʺȴΪ˿ûбְţԭƻ£ɹˡ
ôײеŮĻʵٰ䲻ǱԼҵĹŮ
ϾǰѪܵӻأƾǻʵۺͻʺ󰵵µ֡
̫ʦҺѲҵСһǵ˰˱ùŻ˻ʵۺͻʺǿţ
ߴлᴨ֪뷨ŰѸεߴ۾ֲˡ
ֵҲһ˵õȮ죬ȫҶܵ˴ССķ͡
ػߴߵټܹ5ˣֱǼġܾ֡㡢㡣
ʼ˳ϵûһ뿪ߴߡ
˵ĳ𲻱𣿡ߴѼŪ˳˸ҵŲҰ
Ҵñ⻹øлС㣬ǰʺõܡĸмĻش
ضֺдǵúʺǵԳūšһ˵̡
֣Ǽˡܾ㿪˵顣
ߴ̲סģֿܾ㣬Ǻˣ
ǵܾһԱ˵ĮģȻΪ˵
ǣСȫ˵
ʺϹ˵ū澲뿪ߡ
ܾϽһƬùߴ˺ܲϰߣһ̸Ȼ˶ˡ
Ҳ˼ǳɻվСߡüͷ
⻰ܾɫһ䣬ָֻܿƽá
Ҫ˽ңһǺúòٰ¡ߴϡࡣ
Ȼֻͷָӣ졣
ĺˡٸ˵
ûãĺܾɻˣߴǳ䵱ãڻֳһͻȥлᴨ
ᴨĺôϲܾ㣿ߴһȥͺлᴨ˵ڻϵķ֡
ģĲϲȢأлᴨɵ˵
ߴҲǣԼˣǼıȽڱ
е㲻ģӹߴһֱй۲죬ܾһֱŵϲ⣬࣬˻ദúǢ
Ҳǣͦõģֲ
ܿ죬ߴ˼ͱתˣʹϾҪӭһȺ䲻ĺӡ
ЩӶǻӻѾһɸѡűٶõóֵĵط
죬ߴ˼˳۵£лᴨ²ؼӣЩ졣
λ̳˺Լϵֲ
лᴨã·޹أһԿ֡
ǹߴ˦ƹûֺӵĽÿ֡١ɢɢ
лᴨǳȴְѲ˵ӣ;úܿġ
ֱߴڻ԰ɽСӵ˽ʱתơ
Ҳ֪˭˽½ǵģȻ˵Լǲµĸǰռʵ۵ĸϻ
λӰӶû͸ұԼǵϻʵۻ˵ã
ߴصػֱӹлᴨ״ظԼһ
ҪǲãҾ϶̵ģǲǹСӵ
ԭֻһ˵ȻߴĽͺܺʱлᴨͲˡ
пܣϾһôãЩ˺
лᴨҲˣÿһģ˭أ
Ҫĺøжһֱͣ94һøжȾǲϸ
ûУûУ㲻ܰºͷϡлᴨίòУЩܺӾֻԼ¡
𣿿ҵ۾˵ߴǵ˵ѵ˻̲ס飬ֱӶԷ۾
Ȼлᴨֻ㶵ĶԼôˣ
ȷʵܺÿ쿴лᴨ̵Цãÿ춼ܿߡ

 69 

Ŷ֪ˣ˰µߴþлᴨɵģҲϵ
ģ֤񡣡
˵꣬лᴨһѱߴ˷ŵϲѹȥߣܣԵݰɡ
ֲ˵ûϣߴ̲ס
㾭֪лᴨһԲϾͿ
ǵϰɡߴ־ʵеס
УҾҪڣҪұˡ
лᴨǷⴽûߴڵĻᣬư͵ĴӦˣ˷ܵġءһԺֻ˵˵˵
ߴһ˯ͦģ󿴼лᴨ§Լ˯ΪģЩıӡ
ƺһûҪѵӣߴ̲סҧҧĶ䣬ҧҧ촽ڲһǳԵ¡
ףˣߴ̧ͷͷлᴨĿתĿԼ
ߣҪסлᴨ߲ܾͣġ
ߴչȥҧһڲŲϲҪҪ
лᴨƴͷߴòһᣬղܵʱͣˡ
йɽˣǽһȽϺá
ߣôҰƯƯģ㻹θڣлᴨˣæôҪ⡣
ûУ㸸ΪȣߴһӶûϻʵ
ҪΪʹˡлᴨ
ˣʮжʶ꣬ٹʮˡ
ߴ֮ҲСעر
ԣлᴨ˸ѱŹߴһҲ˵ģ
ڹߴ¶дšһǲĴ󱦱ң
Цлᴨ治ˣ
лᴨߺߡûлͷ̫ˣһⶼûУûױ
㲻ȥСߴдŵв
лᴨûʲôӦߴüвˣ
еˣ´ȿˮٺţϱԼû
ȥлᴨΪߴҪȥС棬ûסӱס
ڼˣΪʲôҪһֻ˵ģ˵Ķã
ᴨȥȵ׿ڿˡ˵꣬ߴεлᴨ
лᴨץŹߴ֣˺þá
ߴʺϺѩƤлᴨչιڡ
ߣҪҪЩ֦ˮ潬֭ѩѼʲôģ
лᴨǵЩǹߴȽϰȵġ
ãЩҬˮͺá
ߴ˼һ˶лᴨϲҬˮžҲС
Ҭˮ󣬹ߴһѯʣ鵽˭ȺС˵һ𣿡
Ӽ̵ֽġлᴨ̾һ
ôߴ⡣
ȺܺӼǸϳˣֵڮٺ֮Ѿˡлᴨһ˵
ߴûס֣ס󣬡ᴨɰҺϲ
ߣҪױлᴨ۾һʱҪ϶ᱻܾ
һᡣߴõȻпܲǹ߻𣬡Ҫȥˮأ
лᴨʹĵ˵ͷקŹߴȥԡ
ϴһ޵ԧԡ
ȹߴʱͷһҪ⣬ᴨõĶ㴩ġ
ûϵҲ⡣лᴨӱ§סߴͷ
ߴһӣҽ⣬㶼ģ
ߣұ֤ûµġлᴨԼڹߴϣ֫
ߴΪôһֻ
ߣҡлᴨĴӹߴ
ߴ˦лᴨϣ㴩ûûϵûǹؼ
㶼һƽҲ˶١лᴨ̲סֹš
˵ʲôٸ˵һ顣ߴˣתҧлᴨ°һڣС
ûУҵĴ󡣡лᴨߴԼչȥ˵ߣƽҶఴĦĦû׼ͻ󡣡
㲻Ҫұ㡣ߴưлᴨƿԴ̫СֻװXXOO
ߣ뿴㴩ҵлᴨԴ˲ߴĲӡ
ߴعͷлᴨĶ䣬Ҵǡ
ߴմûãͱлᴨˡ
˽彻֮󣬹ߴлᴨı˯ˡ
ձ۾͸о䱻ָ˴ⶼһ˻㣿
˸лᴨ˯
ߴٴαˣѹסлᴨϣأ
ߣǲͲСˣлᴨһ䡣
ߴü⣿
ûУ㻹ϵ׳ء
ش꣬ߴɺã׼˯ˣǰƳлᴨһģ
ᴨôˣҸողšߴЩɻ󲻽⡣
ߣϣ˵ϵ׳лᴨίͰ͵߹ߴ
ߴˣոտܼ˯һʱˡ
ûУôʲԣԭ˵׳
𣿡лᴨŰɡ
ȻôҲҪ㣿ߴȤ
лᴨĬһᣬ˵ߣұʮһ꣬ԺҲߣһ뵽ʵҾ͸еֻţҲ۾Ӵ˿㡣
ģҲһߴһ㶼ܻ䡣
Ϲ˵ҵһ᳤ꡣлᴨСǹߴ
ôɴ˵룿ߴлᴨĶ䣬ĵ˵
ǺںⱲӻãǻ±
һòãлᴨһߵĿŹߴȫƻˣǹ˸ûӰˣ
۾ҸһöߴĿ˵š
лᴨڴı۾ߵ׻Լʲô
ߴӿռȡһפյлᴨ룬ԼҲһš
ȥԺһ˿ζ
ߣʲôлᴨԥһῪʵ
ഺҩߴҲĻش
Ŷ۾𣿡лᴨ˵
ԡߴ°ͣʵᴨǲǲ̫פյĹЧ
ûУֲֻҷϻͯظഺ
лᴨһ뵽ߴԼȥСܶϲòʾܾϷǣ
̫࣬㿴ҲͶʮҵӡ˵꣬ߴסлᴨ촽˳ҧҧ
ߣһлᴨ촽һֻҡ
ˣôߣһξͻҪ󹲸ɽߴָĦ촽ָĶ䡣
ߣ㻹òңлᴨ˵ô˵ȴѲϵǷ졣
͵ġ˵Ҫȴܳʵ
ߴ̲סŪлᴨ£ͿԽá
ᴨôôɰأ
ҪǲľҲ⡣ߴ΢΢
лᴨȻ£һΣſڹߴϡ

 70 

һҹɣߴ٩
лᴨ§ЩСߣߣ´μòã
νԲԵߴЦлᴨ·ֻ
ұ֤һⶼûСлᴨһ˵Ĺ˹ߴе
֣Զøжֵ95ֿ׶ΣٽϵͳʾԶŽ
ϵͳߴһȷлᴨֻС̩ϣ粻ƫƫʱ֮ǰûι
лᴨΪԼȡе˷ܣ֪ԼڹߴѾ롰̩ϡϵȺš
ˣߴһͷ¡
ϷĿɣлᴨָ̣
ˣᴨĺ˳ǺúøĻʵô
ߴͻȻ˵֮£ǰ뵽ģԽԽԼⲻ
лᴨȻûκôҪĴ¾ͱôĶˡ
ĺһͱߴߣΪ̫ӡ
ڿıϻʵᣬͱˣҪԾ
ߴлᴨԭС̫һ¸飬С̫ʵڲֹߴϲҹڵ
˾ͰС̫ӶֵˣϤϡ
ڹߴлᴨճУһת˲š
ߴҲѾʺ󣬵λ൱ȣΪ׵һ֧
лᴨǻĵͷߴͿʼչһϵкҵĲ߻Ůλ
ȣᳫѸؽڱᳫѸټޡ
ΣѸ˳ҡ
㶼ûʲô飬ϾʺǹѸ֮˭壡
ߴԸȥһ֮ټ޵ĹѸȥٸһȹ
ϣЩطͬһѸһ֮ڼʮΡ
Դˣٸϳ͵ģⲻթ
ߴû뵽ΪЩǮգɸ̾һΪΪ˳ϲۡ
лᴨеİοߴͷȥСµĵ㡣
ᴨһݱܡɿѩ⡢ѩҬ̶ˮ̡ǲͽ֭ײ̡
ߴǵлᴨϲԼƷÿζһҸҪιȥģ
ߣҪιҡ˵꣬лᴨͽϰչȥſ͡
ǲ˵꣬ߴҧһݱܣȻƳлᴨЩʧ䣬Ͱеıܾٵǰ˻Ρ
һһڵģֻܿʣ½֭ײ̡
лᴨհֳȥߴһס֣ᴨǸġ
С̫ӵСûȡ
ԸһûԹأ
лᴨ⻹ľͶôãǲ˺ӣԼһλûˣ
ҿû
ᴨһСӽʲô㶼˲ˣһ㣿ߴ
лᴨڳݲ˵ţߡߡ㲻ˡ
Уߴ̧°һڣҶԣòã
ߣãҾ֪ϲҡлᴨ§Źߴݺݵ˼¡
꽪֭ײ̣лᴨŹߴطܽӴ˭֪ߴѵˡ
ᴨ涨ŮڻһȨԲܳƣôЧĻǸģ
лᴨǳᣬǷǳʣǲҪ𣿿ɿߴ̬ƫ޳ɵġ
ߣҪĳСطһ£
⣬ǽˡߴ΢΢һЦЩ⡣
״лᴨȻһȦףΪ֧
ȥɡߴлᴨԭأš
лᴨһץߴ˼ڣٰ졣
ھȥȻ㴦áߴлᴨĶһ
лᴨʾԼջͣİ齻ĸȥȻȻԵõ§Žȡ
ĽùߴЩʧ˺öԹԹ򣬶ԼѡеڣȻҲйҸġ
ߴǣĳ˲ǿǿȢ
ʵʩ󣬲˲ãߴҲ֮ߣŮĴ֧֡
ô˻ᣬߴƳص
һ˫ԸͿԺ룬뵽ٸ˵Եɣԭ
ڶ͵ķΧֻҪ˫һ˳˾ͷϣȻ˲㡣
Ůʮ˷ɼȢԭſ
ģŮ֮겻ޣÿ·ÿͶɨֵ
壬ŮδʮΪԱȫ
ʵһʱƽƽߴҲ⣬ʻ˵һС
ģߴٰһһεİٻ磬൱ڴ͵磬һżҪ
˶̨ݲգŮ飬ǰʮҴͻ飬ֻҪԷûˣҲûлȻûгס
ǰʮɻޣκ˶÷ԡ
׼õʻ͸ǶŮ֮˴Ϳ˼һ࿴˫ĻԼҳٳֻ¡
һİٻ磬ߴлᴨϳǰһΪѻ
˰ٻھ׷ܵһµĺ
ȫҲȳ׷׾ֻٰʽᣬּչʾպͼס
ߴԭΪһ׿ˮһһֱȥżлᴨһζ
û뵽ͻʣ̫ӵǻǰӼɽϵǰ൳̫Ǳĸ׵ĻƭȥģΪص˦ӡ
Դˣߴ֪˵ʲôãлᴨû̫ӵ£Ͼ귽ڣұˡ
ôˡᴨλگ鶼䲼ˣ̫뿪˭̳лλ
ԲܸģȻһкţ
Щ˲ŵ㣬Ļӻﶼƽӹ֮ˣ츳ͻС
лᴨһ飺ߣʵۣҸ㵱лʺô
ߴЩȣ뵽лᴨĺøжѾ99ˣ־ûʲô˵ġ
ߴĵǻ֮·е˳ҵҵ15꣬ʱһ̰ѻλѡ̳ˣлᴨɽˡ
һɽߴжȥαװᴨôҵפյòã
лᴨڣŻ˵ãĻòһ㶼û䡣
Ҫһ£ôݿ϶ѱŻߴȻﶼԡ
лᴨ§ŹߴߵһƾɲСǰͣ˽Ųߣ㻹ǵ𣿡
ߴȻûǣפյҩﻹõģᴨĿǣ
ʵҵһμлᴨԹԵ˵Ҳߴûлش
ԭǸӰ㡣ߴ΢΢һЦƺԤϡ
ߣҸоЩˣǰԼ±Ӻòãлᴨ֣µ˵
ģϡ֮껹Զأߴüúõ˵ôɨ˵Ļ
ӦңòãлᴨͺܶǰһԴ˲ߴĲӡ
ˣҴӦߴÿξ֪ȡ
ԺȻһͷһ̫ȵӣߴȻһһ˶פյ
û뵽лᴨ仰ԺͻԲˣ
ߴһû⡣
غһ죬лᴨһѵӶûУ̲סҡ˼ӣᴨѰ
ԥһ£ߴιлᴨһŴ󻹵вβ޲ǿ
һûѹûѹȵߴİѴ󻹵ȫлᴨһöûС
ߴ۾һˮεлᴨϡ
֣Զøжֵ100׶ΣٽϵͳԶŽ
һ룬ߴǰһڣϷϵͳռ䣬ûϵͳ002һǳϤıӰ
ԷתߴԼһлᴨǰǺġ
ϲҹߴռ񣬻öҲҡãлᴨָ̡
лᴨǰӵߴȴֵסҺúý
Ҷһ飬ô򵥡лᴨŲЩʧܵ׷
ߴȻ̫ţ׷ˣδҪ
һǰɣлһ顣



ϸ꣬˿˿⣬˼ѡһɥ£Եո塣
ߴʧȥһĸֳͬҲʧȥһ֪ӽҲںԼ
ûпޣΪӦĸҪǿĸǰǾ䡰ߣǧҪѧֻͷʲôץסġ
лᴨߵģʱռõͬѣΪ˲裬͹
û뵽һ˼ĺ롢Ҫõˡ
ߴǾǿıӰһʱȫעعлᴨʱ̲סƲͷƳˮҼ
лᴨȻԼȶԵģֻǽһ±˵壬ˡ
ôһɣֵ껪Ĺߴͳˣʹֳ
ĵĸ׺Ͷ񶾵ļĸ޸һλ󽫾ңǴ󽫾Զڱ߽˵ϥ»ӶŮ
ڼױ࣬󽫾ĸ׶΢ʡ
ҹؿչ룬ߴˣԺҪҹҹչҲܽܣܲ˵Ǵ󽫾һͼʹĴĥ
ǰξôûģ̶˺üǧ𣬵һԭǻδǰȢũֵþһ㡣
ѹûԸҡ
ֻûΪԼĸ׺ֳĲ
ߴѡ˴ķ벻ТͲТɣ˳Ҳ˵Т˳
ڹߴ󽫾ĸװʱ󽫾ѶߴЦˣ󽫾ĸԶΪ裬ȫڶϵ˻ˡ
һϣ󽫾ĸܲ˴Բڴۿ
ߴ֪ԺҾˣӼŮҲֻܹԹĻİš
úõİǸˣֱϣֻԼѰѼ֤ݳȥΪ˭λ᣿
ֻǹߴû뵽Щô壬жĥɱ¿Ը֤ݳȥ
ߴֻþȴʱѾԸ׺ͼĸˣֻǻ⵹壬ĸ׺ֳ˶г
;˳㱻չ٣ʱǾѾõĹߴϣһЩ顣
ߴͷеĲˮҪ֤ݽʵۣףҲõĹٹ໤
Щɣߴвˣǻһûء
֮ǰסǵĻ£ȴľѡӻɷΪôҲһЩ飬ôȻЩֶֻԴ
ȻǹߴñˣʹһָҲá
ӼŮ̲סѯԹߴͦʵġ
Ҳʱлᴨһߴǰ
ڱ˵ĻϣߴһȥС԰ɢɢģ뵽ԼĻǺʹ󹫼ݵãôЦƫƫ˹ӡ
˹һβлᴨ
ιأƺˡߴĶӣԼʶ͸ˣ
ɷ򲻶𣿡
лᴨصؿľ飬ҪһѸͨԼŬһƷھˣĴ˥תʢ
ߴصŮ
ǵ
ԭҲ֪ǹѸҴǺξģߴ벻ٻԼģ
ԸԸߣлᴨֱӰŪ飬ԸĻ͸ˡ
ԼôҲǾһƳֻˡ
Ը⣬ˣȻҽˡ
ߴѾ߾ڸţֻҪһϾͻ
лᴨ²ԥ°ߣһ·ܵɽֲͣ½ŲãֻˣһܿమȻͿ԰ѹߴˣÿģ
󣬹ߴ̲סлᴨƿڴëɣǵ˰˱ùŻ㡣
ߴһǲɫģôĺһ̻һˡ
侲󣬹ߴǵԼûˣҲûȥ£Ͳ䲻ĺлᴨš
ӸĸɽҰũߴʾʲô˵
ֲ赭ˣҲҲҪһƶϴֵܾأ
ԴˣлᴨίôˣΪʲôߴǲԸԼ
ÿ£ߴͿʼлᴨʹת
лᴨͦ˵ģߴԸˣòԾôоԼһˣ
ҪԼûϴǱһȥ
ȥ²ܱ˹飿
лᴨעǰˣʹʮһ꣬ߴȻ޸УȻĳһ˯˾û
Ҳûץסߴ꣬ˡ
ԴˣлᴨǳܣΪദôܻ꣬Լһʵ˿ûС
ٰᣬлᴨȥתĹߴٿۣԼģˣϲǲϲ
ȻٴμߴлᴨԼˣ뼴ʹֻĬĬҲá
ô룬һͼӽߴлᴨͰ͵͵ԴףȻߴңæҵҲû̸
ȹߴֱͨҸ˽飬ͷԼеޡ
ƸĲҪòĸҪȲͼǮֲͼɫĸҪ˭֪Էûıƣ
˼ˣеѾˣ浹󰮵ģߴһɻؾ
ʾԼܾ飬Ե޹ʻ֪Ǽⲻס
һС̹ߴҲǣҪûԷȥ
˼ȥߴԼֻܵˣϸǹ׺󣬲Ǽҵû˼̳Խܡ
ôһ룬ʼúõ˽˷ɻص棬ڹ˾˴ֻٿһ´֣Ͷʷ
лᴨеԱˣߴƵףǸҵһֲˡ
̲ססߴףԤ֮еıܾˣȻͨĥӲݵֶγɹߡ
ߴûоܾлᴨ飬ΪĻ֮ȥĹ¶С
һߴлᴨһȫƲֻûһ˿ᣬٴδǰˡ
лᴨǰҵ˻ûзĹߴֻҪԸ޸ְ̳æ
ߴԥľܾˣʲôЦˣԼʱͿ԰УҪԼ
вò壡
лᴨۿһߴҪŮǿ·ߣݺֱǿ޸Լϲǻ÷ǳۡ
ȻֻǰŵĶҩߴалᴨһŪԼУȻɨسˡ
лᴨһ±ƣǿŤĹϺ𣿼ٵģ
ó׼󣬹ߴѹ˼ҲҵĲʳɾҲҵϲɺֿʼµ;һҵ۹
лᴨҹߴϣõǡлᴨ빷ڡ
˵ʲô£ҪȥǸʾϱɡлᴨɥ֮Ȯڡ
ڸɹתƲƲ£ߴҲ˼ٻ飬ûͦȤģһ˼רעҵ
һӣлᴨûܼߴһ棬Ը
ĵлᴨһʱҵߴת÷𣬶˳µһ
ʼͦ˳ģֻǺŻڶأߴҰıˣ뵱Ůʳư£лᴨΪ̫Ӱʯһ߿
÷ķϣһ߰ɣٻˣ´ټұɱ㡣ߴ仰ת뿪ˡ
лᴨˣ֪Ͳ̫ӱֵˣ˵ʲôˣߴһԳС
һ˿лᴨٴνӽߴͱߴͱһɸϳ˾ǣý
ߴնĵϻʵ۵ıллᴨӰӣûѡ򣬵˺ܶϵĹ¼ҹˣǰѻλһɫֶ
Ҳ֪ߴǲϱӵȨһĹߴر𵭲ʲôںӡ
лᴨ˸ַʽûд򶯹ߴˣΪԶŮʿ
ԥлᴨԹߴʹһĵߣû뵽෴Чߴֵѡ
ԭʱһ̸̸죬涼ˣܶߴϢǴӱ˿е֪
һлᴨ˺þòҵߴǻδңһϲɳ
˭֪һھܾߴǹ¶ӵԴԴϵС
Ŭ˵˹ߴлᴨһʱ󣬻ǲ㱻һ߿Ϊûйͬԡ
ƵлᴨֻҲʼдʫȻߴеһǴôҲ˵ϻˡ
лᴨ˹ߴʵĶߺΨһѣڱľûˡ
׷ôû׷лᴨЩãˣԼ׻ӦӦüȥ
ôһԥתĹߴͼˣ׼ȷ˵ΪսܹĹƷ׸ʵۡ
лᴨʱÿߴڴͷŭʹ֮£ǰĻʵͷء
ԭҲпܱǿռ
û°ɣлᴨæѹߴ
û£ѻʵŪ˾ˡߴʹǾάϵϵںˣҪˡ
Ҵߡлᴨʲôģ
Ҳߣһ취һУߴһھܾˡ
ӦϹȴ棬ôлᴨ벻ˡ
ҵĸĸҵ񡣡ߴΪҲзصģһĸһŮ
Ҫٰʵ۰ɡлᴨ
ߴ˼ۣβ̫࣬ˣ
㳤òҲףùһʱһߴЩɥ
һ¡лᴨһ䣬͵͵ĵһݡ
ȻߴͿ˺ͻʵ۳һģһлᴨǳȵûз
ǣлᴨô˻ʵۣĻʵ۱ݺ̿ȥˡ
лᴨȻרߴһˣߴ˻Ĺıȡ档
лᴨ͹ߴ˻ʹ˴Уƽ
ۿߴлᴨ̲סʣߣΪʲô㻹ûаңĲ𣿡
ûУϲһǿţ˽»Ϊ֪һ˼㶼벻ң˵˾ǲҪͶĳɱά״һ˺ܷġ
˵꣬ߴ۾ͱ۾
𰸣лᴨѹߴæصϵͳռ䣬רŹһ磬ʱȥԼļ䣬ȴߴ˼Լͽϵͳȥ졣
лᴨһɹģϾߴ˵ϲԼģһֱԥĺԵˡ



лᴨߴǰʱڳ˯żԭסȶԣżȻҪ
ߣȥĸ磿лᴨ§Źߴеǳ㣬̫ˣҲǵˡ
ȥִϷ̸ôߴͻ롣
ߣҷֿҲҪлᴨò׷ֵġ
㵽ʱסҸڣʱԹҵġߴ΢΢һЦ£⻹ý
˵Ǹڣʵ׹Ԣ֮Ǵͨģлᴨصҵġ
ߴлᴨԼһγԼߴ⽨ɫͻ˺óʱ䣬ȡǳ̩ϵСŮ
лᴨߴһ߾ߣȼӸѰɡ
ߴͨĺ롣
ȵȣȸĸ֡лᴨ벻ĸô֪һԣ
ϳǮһŸǳƸĳСŮ̩ϡ
ߣҪˡлᴨ˵
һ£ȰѶӳתҡߴɲ˫ţ̫٣û˼
ŶôһССҪлᴨȻ
ߴõӳһʱ任ţԥһʵᴨҪҪƥ·ˣ
ãҵļһ˾ܴԼлᴨȻûϷǳš
ȻϷûãлᴨسɺˣߴЦòУˮƽӾԼҶˣ
лᴨˣӶǡԼˣ
ߴһЩװһȫĵطѽɫ
ãɫһֱڰȫڣߴһֱעԱߵĻɱϢǷݡ
һͶ
ߣ㲻Ͷ𣿡лᴨΪߴûע⵽Ͷڸ
Ұᡣߴ밲ȫһǱųԼȥģװƽ׹ûУɲͿݡ
ţߴһ·Ȧڼɱһ˻һ°ͨķжϣڽȦ;ûκεˡ
Ȧ߿һ£Ӧ4v2v1Ǹһߴǽսʱһټеˡ
ƶɫʱսϾַ˱仯2v2v1ߴԶĵ˵˵λá
͵͵Ƶ㣬ӹȥһ˲ףһȻ֮ɱԼˡ
ߣûȻ͵ϮˡѾõлᴨ̲סڡ
û취ǹôɼߴһ㶼ûоò˼
лᴨ뵽Լ0ɱ˵ȥˣ̫ˣ
ߴһ־ˣᴨϷɣҾɱеȻǵװʶҡ
֪ʶпȰͶƱ֡
õģϾ
ɱˣߴõĽɫˣлᴨԤԼҡ
лᴨһľǹߴˣȻԤԼҾͷˮˡ
лᴨİ£ߴɻʤоͦû˼ģ˵һˡ
лᴨҴҵܵڣߣôͻȻˣ
뻻δȫϢΡߴȻû˵ΪлᴨӰϷ顣
õģȻ˵˵꣬лᴨѹߴ˵ĲӣߣҪ㡣
ߴûгֻ˫ִлᴨļϣʲô˼ˡ
߹лᴨ§Źߴɳϣߣȥʲôδ磿
ǼABOеӵģߴ̲סлᴨĶӡ
лᴨһߣңҲвAOOAǶġ
ߴɫЩźлᴨһĵһΪͷû뵽ҪȥǼABO硣
ҲˣAlphaʲôãߴҪҪǿġ
AlphaϢͨ໥ų⣬ױOmegaϢջ󵽣һOmegaˣAlphaҲŷ顣лᴨǵñAlphaOmegaһ
ͦõģÿһ֮ĸ飬㲻͵͵趨ҷ֣͸ҵŰɡߴƲסԼҰޣֲǡ
ðɡ
䣬ߴлᴨǼABO硣
ôôϲ÷
ϸִлᴨ˰ŵݱָΪ÷С޲µ÷ֻǡ
ţϲлᴨŲñ˽뵽͹ߴ֮䣬硣
ߴƳһۣ
浱ԼС˼ռ𣿴Ҳͬһˡ
ϵϢζģŻߴչȥһ¡
ζģϲлᴨݺݵһڣᶼˡ
ϲͶšߴлᴨϡ
лᴨЦˣ§Źߴ֡
ߴлᴨһᣬͽһСҹɱȫϢΡ
ݽܣĹ趨޷֮⣬ֻͨյķʽ
ԴˣߴǳڴϲսԵϷ
һ֣ߴлᴨͳһͳϣ˽ɫеһ¡
Ҫ
1ά
2ҳȺеĹ
3賿0
񣬹ߴϽ鿴ɫ裬ͼ֣ϼеĵС
ᴨʲôߴЩ档
˵Ϻˡлᴨ̫ΪԼˣǸϺȵĽడ
ŶҵǲϼеĵСϷȤζͦصģǿϷѶȡ
ôڳ˭֪ǲһʼѾˣ
˵ڹߴǰһŵ۾УԱ߻һβѧá
⻰ߴԼ뵱ȻˣΪһǺмġ
˼ˡߴֱ˵ĵǸ
û£Ͳҡ۾ûͱ˵˼
ܿͳһùͣˣ4ˣֱͷ̫ͷкͰŮ
ܶ˶Ŀ⼯ϣɹһ
ߴҲ˼ۣǿо4˶ֵֹġ
Ȼвһ뷨᲻ֹһɡ
ԽԽпܣҴ¹עһ֡
ߴֻҲԼ뵽Ͼûȷʾһ
ͳſžϨˣһƬĽҰͣˡ
ʱ3ʱ49֣Ϸ8Сʱͷ
˾˵ûźţϵ磬ֻɵš
ԽԽڣ־Ⱥӿһװ̲סƿڴʲôϷ˳ѡûС
֪ʲôŵ׳һӰȫȻһҽУװбһʬ塣
ԴˣߴĲ²Υ裬뵽һȴûκκµɫ෴أЩԾԾԡ
Ȼ󣬹ߴԼŵҲһӰֻû
ԥһ£װµļһӰʧˣԼ֡
ⷬҶŶҪά衣
ǣͳڿʼǧٹֵıݣߴЦ̫ˣһ㶼ģ
лᴨһĵĸװʬԵ˱Ĺߴ
ߡлᴨЩί
㶼ʬˣҡߴ붼
ҷҪ˵꣬лᴨ˹ߴһڡ
ߴо˶ˣҧлᴨһڣң
ڹߴлᴨֵʱ򣬴ͳھŮͷת180ˡ
һӰÿ˶֣ͻȻи˳˴ͳ˶
ڲŸչ19ʱҪ5СʱңڳԼжʮˡ
ĽҰҲ֪ȥģߣԶͳͶˡ
ţͻŮȻǹ˵ɱˡ
һɲǷɢĴʹʱ򣬹ߴҲûǼװֵļһ
ŮƺǱˣ׷Źߴлᴨ
״˷׷Զˣѡķܡ
Ҳ֪˶Ȧߴлᴨ˦˰Ů
·ѧãлᴨ˵裬ѧҪߴֻͬ⡣
ߣȥлᴨʡ
ȥɽɣǶȽϿտҲҵˡߴش
ɽѾ߸ˣǹ
йڲŷ֣类ɱˡߴҲʵó
˰죬ֻȵ3ˣ˺ܿˣֻǱסˡ
ǸϽ߰ɡߴȻԾоڰ˫۾ڶǡ
䣬ŮһԵĲݴдܳɱˣû˾ֻʣ10ˡ
취˷ְŮٶȼӿһ㣬ȥԳŲ賿0㡣
ߴһȦȦһϸ۲ŮһܣŮϴƬںڣǱչµĺۼ
ŮǱģһܲ
ôģߴҲ˳˭֪ⷽԹˣûɹŭ˰Ů
Ůɱ˷ʽģߴһڰʾʲô˰죬ʲôû
һ£ߴ㱻Ůָлᴨæһѡ
һ˲䣬ߴͻȻŮϵպۣ֪ˣŮǱġ
⻰˳Ƥҽ
1˵£ŮˣһƮɢˡ
ڣ賿0㻹ʣһСʱ࣬ڳֻʣ6ˡ
ȥһұĵطûˣҪһȥ𣿡ߴѰ˼Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ˡ
ڹߴոյı֣˶޳һɱء
ˣȥɣǡɱ˵
ߴûǿ˵뷨ɴ4ˡ
ڰɽ˰죬ҵ˱ʯͷѹסŵ۾кͶɽĺȹŮ
Ϊ˷ˣ˶ɢԼɽϡ
ߴһɽͿ䵥ɱˣԼ²ֹһˡ
ڵ˶ͷԼ򵥵ģǸ֮롣
ڳһ7ˣм䣬ոյж˻ٱһ¡
ߴֻȷѧòǣһֱԼ
ԣ۾СȹŮ˾͹ͷ֮С
ͷУ϶ǺȹŮܶŮȹӡ
ȹŮһ㣬ͷһͲǺˣ϶ǹ
˾ûп۾УôѪû
۾УӦ˾ϾͳҲֹطġ
ߴˣˣо˼еңᴨûʲô뷨˵˵
Ϊ۾Ӧòǣڿ־ǹһʼͻ˽ԣп˼άǡ
лᴨǳգúñһҪԼʧˣ
Ӧþһһʼͻ˽ǹͷпųɣϾһϳĿԲ󡣡ߴֻô󵨲²һΡ
Ȼߴ뵽ʲôһӾȷ˭ǹˣȻлһ˿ȷ
ۿʱ賿һңߴһʱ䣬˶ʱ˷ںҲ²ϡ
ʣ5ӵʱ˾ͻȻɹѹͷɱˡ
͹ߴ²һ˾Ǹ
ԭ£һŮӵģڶ䵥ô۾кͺȹŮôûԣҪȷ˵λáô۾кͺȹŮȷǹͳ˾ģҲһ˴ĽҰġ
һҲҪһ㣬ߴͷϳʱ龰Ůݺݵĵ˹ͷһۣеԹ޷ǳԡ
Ҫ֮гҲôˣû׼͹ɱֱӮˡ
˾ʱȲϰŮרŶ˽˵۾УΪȫ׷ϡ
ᴨˡߴûлᴨ˵Ϻ衣
лᴨֱһѿ۾УǺ˾Ȧӣ5ӹȥˣմ5ˡ
񣬹ߴõSлᴨAϷSSS
ߴЩ⵫ȷʵԼձֵһ㣬ҲùϷֵ͡
Ϸ֣лᴨߴЩƲ֣ӱ§סߴߣõ¡
Ϊ㰡ô˵ߴҲûоܾ
ֻǹ̲̫ãĺʹܲ࣬ߴ뱻ѹѹлᴨ
ºлᴨԥһ£ߣҪңҿԽܵġ
ˡߴʾǻ̫룬οֲᴨôڵࡣ
¾ʹ˽ҹᡣ
֮ΪһOmegaߴף˵ԸöСлᴨԴˡ
˾ͻصϵͳռѡ磬лᴨװͰ͵ıʾҲȥABO硣
ߴЦһ£㿪ľͺá

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ