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ʼΪͷ֪

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Ϊ֪ԭؼҵǸУǸˡ

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PS۽ӡӡ

İ2019.9.23



ƪԤһղءָϡ

δεķţڸȺεʱɢǼ硣

ΪԽֻ徵ͺëؼůѡ

ȻůůţļͻȻʾ񣬻׼Ե

ŴʧɫܣŷԼˡ

˵ųŭز˾Դֵǣò񼦶ϡ

ǼԸӵĳֻˣ˷ͷ౹ɵſѷ̺ӣһ°͡

ŴʵǿɽȸXǿʵҲǿĸ·

 1 

ǶʱڣһԼ
ɫɽϣһɸֲƴӵƾӣž졣
ηæͬæ
æµذѼе趼˳ڷи
ԴӴȥ֮ݶѾܾûˣ©ԽԽء
ڼΨţ̫ȥһݶòڹˣ㹻źܾòỵ
ƺܺڣ֪ʲôʱͣ
ǵ꼾ܳܳ¡
һᣬѾҪ˵µ
ⴱȻƾɣȴʰ쳣ɾóĲá
ͰǽɫСһʯСһˮԺȫСˡ
ǰʱµģڲŸ¶ָߵС硣
Щǵؿ˿죬һֱͣЩ˺ܻܿᱻ
ǼΨһľԴˡ
϶ߵԺ׼鿴˵أȻŸճȥûãīɫоͻȻ⣬һ󼸺Ҫε¡
һϽס˻
ûעǣŵ˲䣬ںڵƲУͬںڵԲ壬Ŷһͬ
ԲٶȺܿ죬µλãֱҵԺӶ
ˣ
Ÿս¶ңͱԺﴫľ޴ˡ
ⲻ
תͷ⿴ȥ
ֻ԰ﲻ֪ʱһž޴ĺɫԲԲϻð̡
˼ʱͷˣĲ˵أ
Ҳϻ᲻ᱻʪҲûҾֱӳС
ŷ˸ߡºƺһȦѹĵطСȫ
ʹؿȲĲ˵أ߶תͷԲ
էŴĥ⻬ĺɫʯͷ֪ǲ콵ʯԥ£ִбһһƬһƬۺܹ⻬ϸŻйŨĽζģζǿζ
ʯͷͻȻζһ£ϸ΢
ⲻʲôʯͷֻ
ͫһ͵غ
ֻ޵۹ӴϵеһƫԶ򣬶Ǹ硣
۹д󲿷˶κлͬʱƼּȷѾǼʱǧꡣ
ĶձǳͣҲᷢͬ󡣸µǣÿֻﶼޱȾ޴èͳ׵ľè
޵۹רﷸĵطҲһЩ޷Ƶķ˹˵˵Ǹ޴ļ
Ϊһֵˣ֮ԻֵطȫǸ⡣
ǲźĪģǳùشҰϡ˵ǣûþͱһ˼˼ңҲǴ塣
屾ֻⵣͺܴһֱԶеƫƧ
ձȻؼʱΪԼԭʼᣬʲôвֱͣʱȵ°Ͷ˵ϡ
ʱѧύ˽ѧѧ
ƼǺܷǸûаëǮϵҪʱԳԲůľΪǲײУҲǳӡ
Ҫ⣬ҪôԼҪôǮһСֻڹ궼׷ϣᲶˡ
Ϊסλüƫֻȥĳ⣬ƫƫ˼۱ѹüֳͣĲҲǮ
ܰȶգֻܳԿʲ˶Σˡ
Կʲ˻ܻȥԽǶӵĻ˷ԽǧټƵҪȥ
ضԲ
µʲôܴ֮٣һֻӶ
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ÿЩҲһһţԲĳ֣ð
ȻвԲֻ˻Σȴ˿ûҪ뿪ӡ
ϳˣҲвͨڡЩԭסҲЩ˻ĺӡ
ֺӷ滹̵ܽһ£ͨʽ߻ˣܴȱݡȱٸԴĵطһǱɳúöԴҪôֱӵͨһ̵ǻᱻĸԵ
Էڣȫֲ˺ͨ
ÿ˶նˣгרնˣͨҲμ̵ĻᣬǺתˣԲϴݡַȫá
ٲҪˡ˵Żĺˡ
ȵ˻УٽһڻɫĶë״ϣŴźϳһЩĺɫذס
ذףٴ˳ȥ
·ôϵµë֯ɵģذҲʲôǱĥļצζصƷ
ͼԼαװֻ
ܰסҲ˴ô壬ҲַЩͼĶ
ҪʧˣѾŲԲҲûзӦһΪǿʯͷ
üͷ߸߾еذףֱΪ
ʹȱ˸֪жˣҲϧλᡣ
󾯸һΣٲҶˣ˵֮ذǰĵطͺݺԲ
ԷںδֻµֻеĲλк֣һӲһȥûС
ҪϸʱذͻȻһƬӲޱȵĵطһʲôѸٴǰɡ
צˡ
Ψһһ̾ôˡ
ǰܵҹԲٴλ˻Σת˰ȦԲۼ׺һſ£
üֽû뵽㶵ؿϵذף޷ôϵˡ
⵵ʵǼģǵļצκε׻ƤëۼסЩҪǵĶôΪв͵ġ
צãʲô취ѵô
սȭͷĵԲһš
ҪҲ뿹
ȻôһţǰôôõԲͻȻǰ
ɽͷǸֱǵ£խխСӣÿ꼾ʱӶһļĴӡ
ʱ·ˮԲ˳ɽžһ˺У˦·ľʯϣźܿ챻ˮԶôʧˡ
һ׼˲ɵۡ
ͣô򵥾ˣ
лҪ˵ˣϣϲ
磬Ǽǧ
ƪġָϡӦƪۣϲղһ


 2 

Բ򱻳ߺʵһ
ϵƤë·ͱˮ͸ˣ׹Ϸǳء
ڵϵļצƬϸϸû©֮תݡ
ΣʱǽˣɽҪԵĿǱֻײиǿĶʱָô죿
һֱµҹͣ굼£˯úܲȣҹͻȻһѡ
ڶԣʲô
͵شӴûеƣôŽű˵УС͸쳯⿴
ͣƾɢˣճγһƬǳ¹â
Źٴοֻ޴ĺɫζ
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⿴ȥʱԲ챻ʱһȦ٣ͷһ·Ĵʯϡ
ѵԲʯͷϷ
ɻüȫֻڸʲô
ˮߺûԲٴλصҲûֽţȴΥȻɵ˳ֱǵٴظǰĶ
Ϊ棬Լϲļһĸо
ſڴ߿˲֪ãһֱ岻Ծͷ˸Ƿ
Ϊ˱֤гӦκ£ٰҹÿ˯ϰֵ߱൱áʱѾ˯ˡ
۽ᣬٴοԺʱȴֻԲˡ
֪ǲǲԼ͵һֱҲûٻӦ뿪ˡ
ĿǰΪֹԲûжΪԼЩֽˡ
ж￿Ƕ⣬żҲèڹ·ֻΪ֪Բ򾿾ʲô޷ȷʳݻʳǰûɾ衣
ָϡ
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ԺĻˮˣ챻ѹ˴ѾвٸûĿܡ
ʹذЩ˶ؽܳԵĲַŽ
׼ݵʱоﲻ̫ԣʹᡣ
֪ΪʲôйɷǳŨѪζϸսԺӾŵˣΪζ
˳ζһֱߵµߣ·Ѫζء
첻֪Բ˶ãµ߱ƽ̹ʪȫ޷½šصشԺһĻµӱߡ
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Ƭ̣ԺͻȻһͷѵҹԲ򲢲棿
ôѪһδΪʲôɱ
ʲôľһֻôʹĥķʽɱ
ѹֵʱôвûзӦ
ԭԲľͿ־Īȥһ롣
˳źεķһᣬȻǿԲӰġЩ΢ΣҲԼýŹȡ
鸴ӵؿӻ˳
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粻;޴ֲҲ׳סͨͨĵӳ߶ȾͳףܰûҲ׳ȸᣬǽӽС۳
꼾ǰհѵոˣҪ·ء
֮Ѿ۵ֱۡһЬϵ࣬Ÿͣؼš
ɽԶĵطƬСӣﳤһɣڼ˵ϣҪȥժҶιϡ
ժɣҶȥҪץ׳档ʵǰǷǳ³ӵģ˵ˣһ۶ҪƤ񣬵ЩҲѵõľԴ
ƬʵʮԴ󲿷˵̫СˣûʲôɳԣҲûʲô԰ȫ
һ磬ŶʮӺһɣҶ
ʱѾǰˣͰƾһ죬ڴƺ¶
ڸ߸ߵɣ˻⣬ǴĩʱڣҶһƬ۴̣Զݵδɵˮԡ
̫ɹ˻˯׼ؼңʱԶƺʲôڼٿ񱼣ǳ߹
վƬ̣ͼһϤĺɫԲٶȼصسǰԲһֻ߳һͷĺɫ񣬾һóĴԲһ߷ȥ塣
ֻٶȶܿ죬Ƭ̾ͽӽ˺ӱߡԲĵطһƬɫ˺ܶѪ
Ҳ֪ǲ̫ص˼ޣӱߺԲٶȾ
׼˵ĵطҽѪԽԽ࣬˳źӰܿ챻ˮԶ
Բ򳹵ײˣҲֻżζһ£֪ǲˡ
ԼҲûעʱ߬ԲֻʶֻССϤҲԵļݣ󹫼
ԽЩֻܷߣչ˻Ҫצץĵһ죬嶼״͸
ۼԲԽԽ⣬ϻŰͳӱȥ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôᵣԲ򣬶֮໥ɱĳѾΣҵҲȴͷһôš
ҲΪµԲɱҲΪԼʱûзҲûл֣ЩǸΡ
ߵӱʱ󹫼ͻȻԲ̧ͷɫС۾ס·ڿʲôһ
Ų˶٣ץŰ˴ӣôֱֱظ󹫼ӡ
࿴һᣬ󹫼ͷȥԲʳ
ɵСţźӰһǰ
ߵʾʱĹš˶Ĵӳһ
ι
˵ŽӰ෴ķһӡ
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뿪⣬˳źߡ
ôܿԲ컹⻬ʯͷƬѾ֧鵽ӣƤⷭһƬѪģ
оԼҲ
ʹ˳̵Բһˮֻаס
Լһ°󹫼Ҫˣô㲻ñôȰ
ԭûץסٳӣʱѾ겢ҳˡ
ÿһ̤ԼĿϣֱΣա
ɴſԲ򣬳Ĳ˵򹫼
ûкԼµΪֻѾ̤ҵİȫΧ֮ڣ½첻ϣ죬һҪٴԡ
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֮񣬴̵ۡ
Ŀɿڴס䣬󹫼¼һ
һ߽лһĴڵȦצץأԴҲʼϲ䣬Ϊʧء
Ƿһ
ѵӳȥ׳ж
󹫼ʮӣտ°ĭһغôˡ
͵վԭһֱһһĺߺѣͷһǴԲϴġ
֪ΪʲôԭһֱĲ˵ȻĪܵԲϣز˿

ң


 3 

ڷǳ±ơ
벻˵ʲôʱ˦ȥģҲܲ˹̧ʱʶӳȥģ
Ҳô׼ɣ
ˣԲԼġ
ôȵǸˡ
ԲԲҰεŵۡ
ϽǰεҲ֪ǲǿ˹ͷϻõסƬһҲûεԲԽԽˣȥͦʹġ
ߣߺߡ
ͷ󺹣˫סһŲԲϣڰѵ˳ҲΪڵˤ˸ſ
ϵͲмŷԼ˫ռѪϻһ⡣
̾䣬ǰԲƬ
ⳡʣѾȫԲˡ
Ӧ˵
׼Ĳٱ׼ˣ˭˵ܡ
ȻûëֻһƬ㶼УëƬгƬëҲϡ档
֮ȷԲ֮ͳ׷
ܶôҪһᣬȥòһ˿ڡңܡ˵ϻ˼ҡ
﷭һžĲǴ֩ģһֱûáɴҲֻˡ
ֻǵŲʱ򣬸ոջںӱߵԲȴˡ
ˮһƬ죬˳ˮ뿪ˡ
źַɣܶ˵˵ûôء
׼ݣȻֻ״Ĵ󹫼
ǿǼľ޼ôֻռǿը°һ鶼ˡ
ʳԺйһȦ˲ˮ߾ɨҰһܣٽûбĶڸ
ֻǲǱģܷŹ
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ôֻԳԼأûһϻȥðж˿顣ֻطѪζŨڸӣ΢һ¡
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ͱ֮󣬹ĹͷҲӲУŹͷоԼֱ۶ˡ
ƸʱһԹŹֵ£ֻǱḯʴһӿݣҲʴƿˣش¶ĻпĳʳǼֻӶش档
ӦǳʲôﶾģǳӵĹ
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һֱæµڣڽֻ󹫼𿪣һװؼҡ
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ҲûдʳδҪԵĲóʣµһĨһֹڴ߷ɡ
˵ЩȫҪлԲ룬̳һ鼦׷߲һһϲ࣬˾ֻκ͡
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һ죬һ꣬ɵ꽫ԶоɫһƬɫ
𴲺һʱߵԺ鿴ʳûб˳ʱһģһ
ΪԲûϸ˵淢֣Ա߶һӣ컹ûС
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ȻûҲ֪ʳʲô߲˹ϹԡԲͣӦòʳŶԡ
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ڽʳ³ϣȷʵ̫óԡ
һûûʵ˺һȫһƬտĵϣ͸Ұԡ
ʱصضЩʣһ룬ʣ˰˰裬ԱʵɣأɣϽ˵ۡ
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оֻҰèһһ̽ҰèϲãǲǳԲãǲǱ۸ˣ᲻֡
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ԭԲϲۣǸһ
̲סЦЦٴν˻ݡ
ʱֻʳģûŪʣʣˣը˳ӡ
֮ÿ춼Ҫץ׳棬Ϊʲô񱣬ЩһԴ
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ʱ͵͸ֵطѰ׳Сֻ࣬ܵСʳãҲܻһЩۺ͸Ʒ
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ὫӷϵطȻ˻ϵơ
ûǰһϴ˯èǽߣ͸ǽڷ϶
֪Բʲôʱ֣ҵȣһֱȵһſǽϡ
Ŷͷٴγ⿴ʱͻȻһĨӰ֪ʱȻˡ
ʱһ񣬵ɴ۾ϸϸؿȥ
öûԲϵƺ˲٣ӱߣһ㳯ӹ
ررôԶģĻҲжβȣνӴֻܿһǳԲʲôڶûС
ԲڴʱͣţһԲƱһĶԲ˳ʹ۳Ӻܿ˻ȥ
֮ԲֲˣûгҲû뿪򿴲ʲôֻĵȴ
Ҳ֪ǲǴŻ谵ҹ⣬ԼһƬطƺڷ⡣
ŹָûгãԲֶ£̴̴ֵֶСצצ¼ѵ̧Сצסһӣȥ
Բ죬ݣ񿴵˹ϷԶһĪ־㤸С
֮ԲߵһһģηĸԵġ
۾첻̫һεҲнС
𣬾ԵˮԲϻ
̧ͷ죬û꣬ǲλܿᡣ
ԲȻڿޣһ߳һ߿ޡ
Ķ˺ܾãôһСóˣɵһ֮Բ̧СצһĳӣԻӡ
һУĿһЩεĺˮһҭŴ˸ãһͬò˲
Ī־ЩЦ
Ҳ֪ЦԲˣ׼һӵԲͻȻͣס峯ӷת
¿۾ģҲоԼһǿҵעš
⣬͵ˡ


 4 

¿ͻȻ
ԲһضöֹͣˣҲ֪ǲǾŹȣΪ־̫߳ܡ
ҲһҶ°ˡ
һһôãֱе飬Żҽš
Բ򻺻ػתûצӣֱŴ콫ĳһȫȥһ²ˮܵˡ
߳ȥԲѾܲӰˣֻеϵĿӺͿһƬˮʾĺۼ
ĻͦǿǰνӴʱлˡ
ЦŽӶݣҲȫˮ֪ΪʲôˮȻйɵζ
Ӷ˵ǰϸţȷʵģȻͬʱйˮζһߣһ߲̫ؽˮ˲˵رԵ
ԲͿʼ˼ʲôˡ
ƺֻǵϲ۶ϲ۹ŵĶܳԵʳˮ࣬ҲҽֻʱǻһЩֻٻȥˮ
ӣеĳһιһιԲˣòʳｻ
ȥץҲˣ˼˳˯
һ磬Թ緹ڳæˣȡ˼۵ĵطгɳӴСϸ˷ը
ĳշչƺȵͣ󲿷ܽеֵĵ϶Уиȫû˵ĵڣֻԴƶ񤣬൱Ҳò
ǰ尮ԣ˲ͣЩǲȱ
ըʳζƮɢܿһСըˡ
軹ûдһϲ㣬ʲôóԵģҲҪ
򿪴ӣͼзһֻë׸гӥô󣬱ϱŸĹҵĴ
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ֻȣĹϵãЩʡ
ǸûгӣҾͳü˷ը֪ϲϲ
ȴһ鼦Żȳóԣ⽹ҾձȳЩצʦöˣܸҽǣܰźãĶܻӭˡ
ЦЦԺٿǰɡϲͺãҸװ
ȽϴͶ:ҪĶҲˣϴЩӺ͵ϰһЩƤӡ
Ķ࣬ЩϲЩжллʵ̫ˣ²̫
û£ЩƤӶʣµı߽ϣҲӵӲֵǮһһأֻҪ´ζóԵľ͹ˣÿҴЩȥǶĽˡ
ţģͷоһ±ġ
궫һ߳ըһԺһȦָŲ˵ص⼸ʲôʱµģ죬ܳˣϴûء
ЩûԺĲһ뱻ѹһ뱻ˮܵĿˣջ֪ҪãʲôԳԵġ
Ȼ˳ָķȥ˲ʹ˴
ֻһƬͰСһѾƸߣҶ͵ļʢ
ؼǵãԼҹŵʱЩ˻ûС
ֲôãûô顣
⡭
ߵ˵ر߰һģˮģҲǰûʲôͬ
ɫԣɻʵЩʲôô
ûʲôʲô
ߵµߣ̽ͷ̽Եһ᣺ôôѪζôأû˰ɣ
ûУҺܺãǸʳֻ˺Ӷ棬Ұп˻ζ˵㡣
ҡҡͷһסʵ̫Σˣɭ̫꼾޳ʱǰ컹˵ȺϮ˵Ϣͷûһ˵ģ㻹Ǹȥɣܼ費࣬Ǳ˶࣬ȫ
Ѿ˵ˣӴÿιҪһ䡣
֪ΪԼã˽ڳסڸȫֻıʧҲȷʵÿһ½ˡ
һῼǵģлл㡣
֮Ͳ˵ʲôлˣһ£Ȼȥˣ´ι㣬Ҫʲôǰ˵
뿪ԺһᣬͻȻ˶ժ
סôöûг£ϸǰʲôһĵط
ˣǰҲꡣ
߲ͣתҪ˵һʵУǾԲĳ֣ӽʱֽˮ˲˵رߡ
ֻпԵһС鳤ˣĶûκ
ģһԼʱ·ĶͲˮʱþط
ԽԽȷ𰸣ʹԼĴȡ
ѵԲỹЧҲ̫˵ɣ
ѾܲѧˣֻһͲپᣬЩ˷ܵؿʼԲ׼ϵʳ
Ҳֺ֪᲻ˡ
ĻǸȵķըԲʳֻһС룬Ա߷뱡ɷˮ
Ϊŵû͵ˡ
ȻһԲû
ӵĵطػϸϸоãûпԲ˿ֵĺۼϽǳǳӡԱ߷ŷˮҲˮ͸ˡ
ӻݣԼȷʵŵԲˡ
Ǵ쿪ʼһԲûٳ֡׼ʲôʳﶼûбֻͺȫʧһ
ЩģԲɱôöû֣ɱɹ˰ɣ
һ뵽̲ס
·ԼĳĳܶһֵЩѹ
ɢԺе뷨ٸԲ׼ʳҲټָֻ˴ǰ
ԲɹȥһһŵǣûԽԽƵˡ
Ĺ㣬ͣʼжεĺˮⲻʲô˵ǿʼﵱֲԵĵطˡ
ԽԽΣա
ֻ·ûʲôԣܿ뿪ˡ
ֻƺϲطˮ󣬾ſɴӺӶ԰˹Ƭ̾͵˲԰Ӹ뷿ֻʮԶ
ֻڱ׶ӵĶŴ󣬴Լʲô
̽ͷ̽ԵţԺĲ൱Ȥӡ
վڴһֱ涯̲סսĲ˵Ѿʱȥ׼
һǰΣǼзңצҲĴܿͰǵ˲˵رߡ
͵һŴ߳ȥĥüĵ΢΢Ź⡣
֣˶٣Ȼûнͷܡ
ģ⵷׷
ܣܿʧ
׷ȷʵˣͣ½Ųվԭشִ
ûдͻȻо´һƵ˷·ǧ뱼һ㡣
ɴ۾Ϸֻһ̳ƥ׵ľǰͺ̵س
ȺһͬŲģϤĺɫԲ˭
ֻΣȺ׷׷һȺǺ棬׷ȺͷܻŲ·

лҪ˵lie

 5 

оԼڿʲôӰһǰĳ쳣ħá
һֻǰ컹󹫼ĵòû츳԰Ⱥ׷ñͷˣ
˵ˣʵȺ׷Բ
۾ʵȷʵ
ȺЩŲ·ӣһֻˤӣܿ챻ں棬һȳһյؼܣ·ʲôԨħһ¡
ȸԼ˵ģȺԵֻˣʬ޴档
˵ĴʲЩǡ
˵ʵ׸ߵľʱѾµ˫ȴɪɪ֪ԲԾɼŵǿ
ʱҲݣԭſ£Ӹߵ¿
ʵɽ·ĺλλڸƬƵʹʱȺķҲ·
Բ¹ܵĻҪ죬ۼȺҪϷڵɽˣԲһ˺ӱߡ
һںӱߣȺǾ˲һɲԭƯƣӲصתźһȥ
ȺһһߺطвԲһҲһ߷ɱĽ
ֻ棬ΪһͷȺֳˡ
ֹĳ̲ס̧Դʹ۾
źܵȺܿ췢ֺںϵľԽľͷɽ
þĵطٿҪӾܲȹʬ塣
ͻȻԼڴΣգҲٿϷˣϽֽŲõسĵطȥ
ȸûñȣûԶȺѾ嵽ǰ
㲻ȶ˵վ㲻ԣǲһҲҪûˡ
û뵽һȻΪϷԼϡԹϹΣա
Σͷ˼ԲͻȻ٣˷һɿϣֱͣǰ
Ⱥ״ٴεתת˲Զˡ
һֻ̣Բɽΰȫб˧˼ޡ
׼˵лӲ˻ȥ
ֻһֱǳǳԲԲͻȻһ׼ԲܿһԲ塣
֮Բϸϸؼߺߣ廹ڵϹ˹
ƺоһߴԲͶעʺŵسԲĶԭô
ûʲôӦԲĺߺһЩƺڱﲻ
ãһᣬƬŬ˸⣺㿴űǰ˺öࡣ
ԲһɲʹӾ˵㡣
û뵽仰֪Բʲôʹ㣬ͻȻʼתȦתΧһȦƤͺˣҲӰŪͷۻ
ͣͣͣͣôˣ
ԲͣԾάųε״̬ڵϷ˸һֱյƬͻȻſ
ͻȻ֣ԭѾˣһֱûãֻǱƬס˿ѡƬϴμһѪģҲ̶ãмֻװֵĳ䶯
һɶĸ͵شθӿϺͷ㽫Եķ³
ʱһֱԳӣⶫǿŶֽȫ˳
ĹУԲһһ·۵ˣԭϸĺߺ࣬ǿǼС
µûţϸϸ˿ڣٳӡ
ŵԾ䶯壬кһʱ䶼ȥ׽ˡ
ѹԲһֱߺߣ⻻˭ܵ衣
ûˣѾûˣһȥҸһ£ͻõġԲƬο
Բ򲻹ˣǰƣԲҲǳϵǰһ¡
һһôصԺ
һֱ᲻õһ˳ַ䵹ҳҩ
ҩǴʱŪģʣҲˣ˵ģЧͦá
ҩˮ״ã֪ûУԲƬһҩ˵صĵط
ҩʼԲڱԲΣˡ
ɿģֱӰľһ϶û
ˣϢһ£ҪҶ˿ڳ˵
Բԭػ˻ΣƺǸоϵĲ棬Ҳ֪ôŪģֻոջͦɿĲʼһսûãԲξͱݳԲ
ԲٴοʼԼǰ
ǰԶζ³ΪټϽһݾͼģ̲סԲʵɱڼʣ
ʳ˶ϸ뻹ͦѧġ
е㲻̫Ծ
ûͨҲ㲻Բ뷨˰ͷˣԲϱҵĲ
úúóԷԱôʣοѾˣ壬ȺˣҰһ
ǰûôԲЩĶˣоԼջҰèؼҵĹһĶһų˸ߵĴԲ˵ֻˡܴﵽ׵ĳ׵Բȷʵ֣ʵ
ֻһԲȴûոһģ½ԼΣϸϸϵĲ˲ͱŴˮ͸ˡ
Щ֪оԼ˵ˡ
ԲҲǸ˼˵ںˣûҪʵġް
ԲĸˣԼŲǽڣǽǣһԱģˮ˳µˮʡ
Ŀڣҿһʣ֪رЧĺð취һɹ
ԲĿȻֹҲֻͣһӣ֪뵽ʲôο󣬼ֱǺޣɱһХ̵˶Ĥۡ
ˮˮܿ˳ʼԺӷӡ
ʱûοԲ˼ԾƮˮϡ
ͻȻժ֮ûмˣҲ֤ǿĴ߻ͷȥԲᡣ
ڹôᣬȫ˷ˡ
תݣͷͳ˵رæ
µˮԺӣᾭ˵أƲ˵һȦɽ䵽·С
ϾԼסĵط൱ע⽫ˮȥ
꼾̫࣬Ϊ˲˵زͨ˵صȱڸˡ
Ժ֮ǰϽͨ˲˵ȱڣˮȫ˵
ȸ߲Ҳеȣսһȥʩʵ⣬һӾȫˡ
ԲſţΪǰһοԼû뵽Ȼͻأȥ˵æˡ
ˣһһµسҭҲһһһ᲻ˣֹסתȥæʲô
һŲ
ǵȵڸÿһ˶ںù֮һͷͿһŴԼԴײԲϡ
λʼˡ

ԲŴöûˣرָš
ʹָűѹסĵطʱ·ص˳硣
ҵĲˣ
Բһ·¹·ѹһظճ硣
ʹԼԴһҲûָʲôԼᵱãûп
ˣûʲôˣȳȥɣ´μǵ˵ضѹ㿴ѹĵط˶ˣ˾ͲҲܳˡĽ͵
ԲŷԼ˻˺üŲһ£ֻǸ֪ͣˣԭתȦ
֣ߡ
ԹԸŹ˵غԲϵĲմ͡
룬ǰ˳ҪȻˣˣϴϴ
û뵽ԲȴԸժˣһͺˡ֮Ҳֻ÷
֪ԱߵĶԲ򳹵ʵԹ²ˡ
ٽʱ䣬˳ʱʱ͸ӿһֻۡһת۵ĹԲֲˡ
æܳȥԺΧݵغӱ߶ûκӰ
̾˿еʧ䣬ȻҰè졣
ػݼԲʳҲû
͵׼ʱжɫӰӲ֪ʱٴγԺ˵˼š
ɻ־ϲ߳ȥճž͸оߵʲô
ͷһȫǲݣһѻޱȵĲݡ


 6 

ôҲû뵽ԲʧΪԼֻһ仰ͼסˡ
Щȫȥժģָŵʵ
Բ˻壬ϴӰɫɺڻɫĲҲŻ˻ΣѾˣɿ߰عϣģ·ĸһ
ȴ˿ǰһſᱧס塣
лл㡣
Բϸغߺߣ岻ͣСȲɿ͵һȦԶ
ֻɰˡ
ȻЩݶ޷ʳãһ뵽ԲܳȥѰַڷĳֹסжЦ
۲ۣϢһ¡ҲҪԶҸ㽡͡
ø˺͹Ϲɳ˵ۺΣζ
Բ趫ԥԥز϶ӴӲһᡣ
ô뿴ıӲһôԲ󣬱ӷе⣬滹һЩϸϸƬ
˳űϿϸԲϧ涼סˣʲôʵûҲֻܿպϵƬ
ΪԲǴɽ׻ˡҲֶֻܰԼ̳Բ״
ԥһᣬԲû죬ԼӰǰƣԼ˵
ԣҲ㣬ЩˮŲ᳤⣬İɡ
˵ĵعš
Ѿ룬鼫õذһ뷹
λܴӴ￴ԲıӰڿϳԷˣ֪ǲλãһһĵڶ
ãֱ׽ֹͣſſȥʳＸԹˣɸɾһûʣ
Цеؿ䣺
Բˣһֱ˵Ժӽ䣬οҪΪһˡ
죬Թٴθסա
һͬԶͣҡΣ¡¡شƺʱе
֪һ٣ϽǰԲݡ
Ҫˣ棬Σգǽݡ
ԲԹԵظŹſڣʱͣסˡ
ⷿǸݴԭνģܸߴȻֻһ㣬컨Գ׸ߣ۹⿴ⶼС¥ˡװһԲû⡣
󣬼ﱻĳңпҲס¡
ȥɣֻһ˾סڿȵȣҴɨһ²ԡ
ԲڵعŵĿסˣʵƬµ۾һֱڴӡ
ʰķǳ࣬ǽϰżʯͷĥĻƿʵҰŵǽϹĳֶĹͷͷȾɫ£Ʒһ
ߵǽòݱñӣұǽ϶ЩļӣӴĥĺܹ⻬Ϳ˲ɫµذŲСʲôɫëɵĲݣģıӣһƬʯͷһ֦
źҲӣĶũߡ
Ȼǰ࣬ԾɱҰ޵һ룬˼е沢ʹʯͷ̵أǱԭʼģ͡
Ȼ֮򣬼ﻹ൱ִ׵ΪᱻƲ
غ࣬ر꼾ʱ
֮󣬻ʱòݱ˿̺Ƕʪĵ棬ȵֻ֮Ҫմˮƽֻ©֮󣬲ݵᷢѿ˵ǳʪͳ֮⣬ȥĺ
Բˣձѹ߲ˣɫֲʲôǲʲôǲݣһҲҶ
÷ʱԲԾʯͷһӲ
ǰסĵطеС⡣ƬԿ˿
ǽСϸܷһжɵĴªȴ㡣
ǵ˶ϲԭ˯˵滹и΢΢ȥĿӡڿƤӡ
˯ôϲҸ㻻ѯʵоֻһе档
Բһ£ԼĪġ
ԽԽ͸촵˵Ŀһԭ̵Ķ˦ǽž졣
ǵؿݶǰ£˵ҲǽˮƤȥѹŪòãûжӡЩĴƤٴǼҪٴ©ˡ
úԲ֮սԵϴ俪ʼϴ岻֪Ūһӣžܿ
ʼˢʹӾпԼͻȻƬӰ
һϽͷŷԭԲ֪ʱ˹
㰡ˡҲҪϴôʵ
ԲûжҲûлӦ
ǡڴʱһ׹⣬ƵյһƬãƵ¡¡ը졣
嶶˶ʵЩĴ졣
ûעԲӽһֱڿžӡҲСȲ·װһ϶ϸȫܼϵȫڸǡ
ϸһָǰ̫һĽе
ѾʼôŴˣ½ҹˮҪٴαǡ
ֻϽѣϴɾԲң˵֮󣬻Լҡ
ӳĹʱʱ뿪ԲĸˣټУǵŵǳܿһ̲ˮҲ֪ôˮ
Աиӣʱᱻͨ͸
Բߣ̴ֵצѵƿһ
ûйȥǿ˴ϡ
ƵĴӷ϶ûôƫƫԲ̫ԴͿʼסˡ
ʹӿ£ӷ֨֨죬·𲻿ظһ㡣
ԲͣסһԲչԲĳμǰӿ̴ֵצӳ̴ֵצӣƺβ˦˦Բڴӻ֮ǰԼ˳
ƸˣԶһ׳ݺһϣһ˲ȼ
Բ򿴿ͷ죬ܿ쳯ķ˹ȥ


 7 

̫ڱ﷭ȥҲû˯š
һᣬԲҲ֪ϰϰ²´ס
·һسȥ
֮˸ûţֻöƤƤҲȥ
ߵʱ͸оЩ̫Ծ粻ϣĹ￴Կһˡ
Բֲˡ
ֿ籩Բȥ
ӿŲֻӴ󿪣شⴵǳʢˮ֪ǹνˮʲô
ǳӱˮţеζ
ᣬˮ
˴ԲֿˣΪʲô
ӷԲһο޵ԼĻʱԼףԲʲôͨпǸ޷εˡ
̫˱ˣЩɣԲǲǾʲôشʡ
ճͱĶ޷ǼҲûôḻԲʽܹٿͣǰԼĪǱųġ
һʳﶼҳԣϲ˿ԼݣϸûϹпǰļ˲ˣ⵽¼˵Űʹ֮£ϳɱ
ԼԲĶһ£ԲֳּҲֻԭܽˡ
ҪɱĻǺʱֻҪһ£ܿ⽹͸͸ġ
˲伱ˣּΪԲ򽹼Ϊļ
ЩֻԼԲģһ鷢Ծ޷ֵ
ǳ˼ˣĻԲΪ
ɱȡҲ޴£
һڲãֹ붼ֹסŬһһ죬κ˶׻жҲȱ˸ϧŵÿÿ롣
һεĻᣬͨ˵̫Ҳ̫Σգʱ޿̶ҪвŸжŬȥÿһ졣
ľԼȷԼ
Բʹ࣬ɱܽκ⣬Ϊ˵ҲֻԼ
еΪʲôԲʱԼ鲻ԽĹעˡҲǲϣһʧԼǰɡ
̾˿Ь϶ңִźóһѳͷһ˷š
ŷֲ֪ĸߣϸ۲Ժܵĵ档ۼϸһܿ˿
ƮˮǺܶ࣬ԲӦøճȥûá
һᣬڿһʵϺۣǳҲɽȥġ
ʱɽ·쳣ʪ½ŵĵطûУԲͻỬ
һǳһŵسǰȥϵ·Ѿʪ͸ˣˮ˳ͷ۾ꡣ
¶ȱȽϸߣԽǰԽߣ֪ˤ˼ΣҲˤˡֻóͷŵ棬ֽŲǰߡ
ÿʱͲҪŬ̧Դܿȥ
Բڣкۼǰķȷġ
ڣһʱɽµļϿԲӰ
ֱԲΣŵԲ壬ŬͼΪĿһ֦ɡ
һֱЩΧһѾýڶѡ
̲סûдԶͱڸǵˡ
ֽŲõؼӿٶȣȻĳͷȴʱ¡
ͷýģȻ롣
һ׹ֱʱûκ׼ֻеһǿҵľ˲ֱָۣǰ嶼û֪
֪Լôɿֵģ彩Ӳسɽ¹ȥԲƽʱһٶȼعȦ
ʱ׹Ӷͷϣ䡣
һɫԲɿԶǷɱǹ
ܶʽƺƽ̫һˡ
ʱû˼Լ̫ܲܿע޹ؽҪС¡
ҵˣЦ䣬һ仰û˵ϣһջ˹ȥ
ٴʱֻоʪһƬͷϣ˶ˮһ
һ಻Ŀ޵ǽиʡ
Ŭգ۾ڽصƤ
һۿľĹ̶̶һ߶һˮͷһͣˮˮȫ絽ϡ
˴һʱ侹û⾿Ǹʲô⡣
߾۽һ²ŷǾȻԲ۾Ҳ֪Ǳûˣ۾С
ֳġ
ѹ֮ǰôҲ۾ģȷʵеѶȡ
𣬱ޡƤӲص
û뵽˵Բȴ޵øˣˮͷһ´С󵵣µı껹£ֱӾͽϵˮ͵ؿڱ͵°͡
ʱͻȻڲ棬ǻص˼ڿ
Ҳ֪ԲôԼϻģһоûС
Ͼڰȫûκ֪ܸоһߵҲľС
ûҽԺҲ޷ƣԼԺܲܶˣ˵Ҫصϱӵ
ӳŵʱ͸ϵĽʱʲôû룬˵ڶǼٵġȻˣԹҲû취οԲʱûôˡ
ˣԺ׼ɵ£ɱƤص
⼸仰Ѿķ
Բ޴˵㣬һƬˮ
ŷ֣ˣĿˡ
Բãǳ鴤ָͱݳˡ
һֻȻܿ޳ôᣬԲϱǲת۾һƬ󺣡
ٿҾҪˡԣû¡
Բ򲻸ٿˣ˳飬ûôơ
ͷԺʲôģԸұҪһȥɵ£ǽκġʣҿһ𡣡
Բֵ˵ͷ
ЦоƤЩأգ۵
ʵͣһ㶼֣Ϊʲôôأ
˵ЩŲס˯˹ȥ
ڻ˯ǰƺԺһŴͯίرҲŲ
лҪ˵Բί

 8 

ʱֻʪķǳܡ·˯һʱһ
ʶĨ˰Ѷͷ
ʱûʶﲻԣžͳȥ
ѾˣգʵԶݼⷴ¶ˮԣۡ
֪ʲôߴߴؽܽгǳ֡
ԺĲ˵ﳤдеˣÿһŶˮ顣
ǽϵСûƮ䣬øʢˡ
۾Իڻţָ֣֮䴩ĵϡ
е̡
յĿ籩궼·ֻһһʵ
оԼûѣһжһ͵İ׹⣬ǵһοһܳȥһȦٻ
Щϣ
ֱһŹĺɫԲʱڷ͵Ĵ˲ˡ
ϷѸԺطһ顣
ⲻΣڿһжʵڵġ
ʹԼһ£ۡ
㶵ؿѾȫжֱۺȣûˣôûˣǱУ嶼û֪ô̶ܶһҹȫˣ
ʹߣӣ첲۲û˿ۼȸܵľǸҲ硣
ң⵽ô£
ʱ飬ʱؼݽˮǲˮԲᡣ
Բ˯һϡ
ϣȫǳǳζ͵ζҲϤ
ԣܺãҲȫԵʡ
᲻Դٽֲβ
ǰֻܲѧû뵽Ȼѧֵز
ԲĴҲ֪ˣѵҲǻ֣
ԲƺմӺǰ̴ֵСצץһһ׶೤Ĵ㣬㱻צ̶סô޷
ΪŶôôֻܽһ·㶼챻תˣΪ
ԲŲǰŬ̧צӰǰơ
ҵģҴס㣬㻬ϣϽ˿첽ȥ
ԲССظݳȥ֮צջƬ£ȫ֫
ЦЦȻ̫Ϊʲôллκҵˡ
Բ˻εش
ߵǰʱͻȻͣס˽Ųǰƺ˵
˵ôͻأʡ
ԲƬڽһûлӦʲôҲû˵
Ŭһ£ҵʱһ⣬ΪʲôôʣǷʲôô
ԲûжҲûлشֻϵƬҪˡ
˲ˣϽǸ
ԲҲˣ㲻ûشҲýšԲ𣬷һ㡣
Ƭɿϸϸĺߺ𣬵ûп޳
̨ϣŵʼû֪ԲǴﲶġ
žž죬һСС˵ǵġ
û壬ֿͣԲ򣺡˵
ٴĺһۿɰȴе㵨ӣҲ͵͵ġ
Ҳ
ĵҲžһ̨ϡ
Բ˵
㣬Ļ˵㲻ʲô˵ŸоԼ⻰ôôˣָϽ͵ҲǸ˼˵ʲô
Բ˻壬ǻ˻ԴСص˵˭˵
ûм׷ʣ֡
ʲô֣ҽ
ǡֻ³һ֣ûм˵ȥˣڹʲô
ȴ˱ģ򣿡
ǼĳЩʱĺƣԼľǸ֡
û뵽Բôãͽ
Ժô
ԲһᣬЩ˼һԼ֣ҽ򡣡
ܹͨԲôôɰֶ˵ûǰһѱס
ɰ
ͷα䣬ٴδסſҲûжСߺ߼䣬һ
鼫õ͡
ڿϵԷˡ
ֻСعԼʵλãżƬŲ¶͡
ͱպʱ󣬷൱Ȼһſͷ·𿴵졣
뿴ϸϸܵСˡ
Զ˹˹ĵģצӰߣȻ̽ͷȥҧԲ֭Ūϡ
ģĺܼ򵥣ζأζܲ
ŹͷһˣĽһᣬɲֻСͣˡ
Ŭ̧߶̴ֵСצȥԼֻͣצʵڶСͷ嶼ҪѳɸβŽ
צһȦϸز˲䣬·ϴһűƬ൱
ͻȻۼ׶ȵ㡣
˿ɾëëڷõĵطǸ׼ëԺ
嶥ëëĴС
ϲô
ţϲ
⻹ǵһ
һüҪ緹ҪϷٿݶҪﳤĲݸҪԺ³˸ժãݺĵҲüһˣвϳԵɣҶˣҲҪȥժ
֪ǲԲЧ̫ãڸоʹһ㶼ƣ״̬üˡ
ææȥһûУһһԺһֱŶ¡
˼תߣݶʱ򣬵ǰ
æһᣬ˲˵رߡ
԰ժôסһᣬ˦ͷ˸ӹ˵ͼæˡ
Сצӣһ˱ߡ
סһᣬûӸϵˣԭצ̫޷һɾֱӾʹмˡ
˲סôˣþûһ
ʱֲ˵Աߵˮֶ˲ˮЩɻﲻˮˮܿ˳ˮŽ
߹ȥһڿޣһֻצﻹŶϵˣ˿޵滨ꡣ
ûзκôરવᡣʱצһɣϽӻ˵ӡ
ûκһֻô޵ģСһ
ɲǸӡ
Ц̾ϵ˷Ž
ΪôûµģҲûϵģ㡣
סצӡէһֻצӣʵֻֻΪ̫СˣһֱΪֻ
סʱɪһ£ƺûô׽
צס˸ᣬԣ㿴˰ɡһԣͺˣŽӾˡ
۾Ƭ¶ЩϲӣŲؿ
Լԣ
һڳɹˣҲٴ˸߿ɱС
˷ܵ캿˺һᡣ
䣬ʵؿ佱
ǰûʲôչ˺ӵľ飬ԼСڿгģױͶԱ˵ͬһ˵ķǳж
ǽһ磬һֱڵû̧ͷ˶ժذںá
ܽҲģһڽõĻгġ
Ŷ̴ֵСצӿ
Ĵָ̫̾ˣ˴æˡ
֪Ǻ˻ô£˼ȦԶˡ
Լĵطֳˮա
ԭ佱Ҳ޵ô
лҪ˵ھδ꣬ͺ壬ǶЩ趨Ҳ漰͸ԺӴ
͵͵ֿ˸Ԥգɺ̡ŮXȤղһ¡

 9 

һһڼæһ죬㽫Ҫ˴롣
ֻʣµû֣ɣҶûժ
ȷ᲻ٴ꣬꼾ôҪǣΨһһѳͷˣû˳ֵĹߣóսһѡ
Ȱ·һš
װüкŻеʱ䣬ȥժɣҶɡ
ժ˺󣬾ͷ·ͻȻ˸ɻȤһǰ񣬲Ȼһֱߺزߡ
ܵٻѸٹ˹
籩磬Ҳ֪ɣڲڡƬӾôĿ̫󣬺ױ
ȻǸϵʱԶԶͿ֦ҶƮɢƤѾһƬڣɣһһ뵹ڵϡ
ǰЩʹؼɣ֦
Ժ֪ܻܲˣûɣҲֻܷ
õҶժŵһϣܼȥ
ĶҲǰö̶̵צɣ
ɣĿҪˣҲõ˵㣬צӲŸȥûûŵİɣһµˡ

򣺡ӡ
Ƭ̣Բ͵ָƬѸٺ˾ɣԶɪɪԶо򶼱֮ǰС˺ܶࡣ
ŵӺߺ߱ˣˮԲ嶥쮳û쮶߾Ϊֻ䣬֪ĻΪʲôȪ
Ȼֿˣ޵൱ҡ
˵ʲôֿ޷ʱڵĻˣЦˡ
޶ôɰ
ˣûй㣬Ҫˡǰ򣬵һǰͿʼ
ͼͷðˮǰڿл˸ĻȣԼĨʺ֡
˵ȪŻͦиоġ
Цˣǰתͷȥ˺һסԼ
û£ˡҪȥԱ߿ޣ˵»
ϵȪ˲ͣסˣƺ˼飬ĳŲȥ
ǵȹȥֿ֮޲ˣֻ·ײܾһ
ں̽ͷʣôˣ
Բ򲻺ˣһСС˵ޣ޲ˡ
ŶӲЦڵϣƬǾˣˡ´ο޵ʱҸռһٶ˹ͺ
·ͷηְֻ취ԲתСС۾ؿ
Сȵˣʹ˵ͷˣһ»
ţԲƺЦˣ۾ľˡ
ȫװɣҶʰһ֦һͬȥ
Ǽʱǲõ־Դձ̫ܺԴʯһЩĻеþȫԴʯһԴʯʹã߼Ķʮ궼ҪһΡȻ۸Ҳ൱ƶĵط൱Ķ
סĵطƫԶҲûʲôԵõԴʯʱõһ飬һֱãóȥˡڼʹ̫ܣ꼾ʱ̫ܾͺá
ʽģ̫ܲʱ򣬿Եعãֱղ
Щ֦ҲֹʹãԺӼӹһ£ٽӰΧһȦö̫ܽ
֦ܴҲأػòߵ÷ǳСģˣҲνŻˤȥ
װɣҶӸں棬˼ͻȻͣ
ٴν̷ϢʱͻȻһٹ·һŲ̷ơ
㶣׷ȥ׷Ҳص˼ҡ
̱ԺǽǣǽڣŬСڸС
ʱƺֲԼľǶԵĻǴģҲܺ±
۵ǰлл㣬Ȼһ˲֪ҪᵽʲôʱʲôҸ
һᣬȷûСצСָǣס·
סצӣצȻֲִֶڣȴһһڵģצܳҲܷ
ȥʱָףɵرֹҲû
ƽԲ·ùģԼǣסʱûйҲǰ
ûпȺͽģҲûôƶģоƮ
ȰѲιˣôǣСһݡ
ϸϸص
ɸ˵йǺܶˡ
һͳԵ൱٣һ룬ֻܳһ롣
൱棬˵ôʳӦҲжʱˣҲÿЧˣɲ֪Ϊʲôܾڿ򣬱ȵһϼʱָԲһ㡣
ȻҲǴ
ι˲ϳԹϴʱصؽϴľӷ˹ȥ
һ˼ãеΪʲôͻȻʧأԼĪǿ˾еԼ
ʵһԼͿʼǣӦҲһ
Ϊ飬˯ʱȥܾû˯ţʱʱ´ȥڿһڲڡ
ԹԴΪ׼ǳ˯ʱҲɣñȰո
̬һǰ˯ӿŶȵ
Ȼͦ졣
һоˣǽڻҪת뿪ʱͿжһ¡
գգϸ˻ᣬԲԲĵĶȣƬʸģǶεúܿ죬Ҳû̫
ϸ룬״رر䣬ɫ̫⡣
˵Լⲻʲô
ԭվ˺һᣬֱһԶ䲻ٶˣɻػݣһ˯˺ҹ
ҹǱһѵģһӦʲô£Ͻ·´ܣɲܵݣͼԵڴʹ⼷
ԭǴӴӼȥģѹֵʱӴ󿪡
ôխĴȻҲܼóȥһʱֻпһ䣬ֹè֣Ҳ֡
пŷ֣ûзһлڳǴԺﴫġ
Ұˣ
ҰΣһ㶼ʱҸϻһ
ûгԹ⣬ΪʹǴͺҲȥսҰ
ɫ˱䣬Ͻǰͼ
ȥΣա
ϧ㣬Ҳûֱ˳Ŵӹ˳ȥ
⶯ԺﹰʳҰͣ¶̧Դ˹
ſڴӿۣʶȥ
Ҳ̫ˣֱһͷһߴվǰֻ̡
Ҳȷʵֻ̡
ҰߺţȮݴ
ߺߣͻȻҲغһ
Ұ·ܵһ㣬˲䳯ȥ
һ˲ôųȥҲѧ򣬰ڴϾⷭ
ѾҰײˣӲӲģ·һײĳʱĻײƬϵ
ŸأŭضҰ
ֻ


 10 

Ҳ֪ǲǾϴ൱ޡ
Ǿ仰֮ײȥȸˣҰ
оԼܵвҰĽԱ󣬺һԴһͳ峯ײ
ֻоԼƵҲײͬˣֻÿײһ£Ͷһ֡
ǿǿ׳ѣʵϵ˻ûкãƬҲȫ⣬֫ȥЩ֮󣬾ûʣˡ
ôײȥԿľ
ҳæֻһѲ˵
Ϊѵת
ǱʶؽҰɽͷܴװԼ߲Уײ¾ͺˣҰ׷Ұһײ
ûãֻվɽͷ֮ǰͱͣˮһȣƽ΢ȥһ㶼оҪȥ
ڱԵϣҰٴײʱͻȻԱһҰһɽֱֱˮ
飬ˣ໣ɱļУ޴Ұ˳ˮʼƮȥ
ΣСŸȥһ
ſֱס򻶺ʵ̫ˣ
αûпޣͦţƬſιĹĵıƽջҪԲ֡ϸϸǿҲұ
ѵһ˵ô֣ʱЦˣţģ
ߺܿĵӡ
Σ֮Щϧ۲ؿҰƮߵķ
ôһֻһ¶´ˡ
ӴԽڣѾüûԹˡ
˿ڿˮǿԼתߣԺߡ
ʱŸܻЩɵģԺһƬǽ壬ҰչĲ԰ӹһӣȥҲ˳
켰ʱ˶
˵ԱߣغƬſһҪҰսٻغϵӡ
һ֮ͶˣֵʱһֱŬظԼȡ˹һġ
ߺ߲ϣЦˣըƬοˣ´ٸ۾ֱӸϾɱ
ͬغһ
Ϊûгͷ˵鷳˷һʱ䣬緹ûʱŪ
ȥģƬϾȻûմ࣬Ȧ͵ˡ
ϴθĲŪԸͷˣ첼Ͳˡ
İ£û뵽͵һˣ˲Զ
ãȻôˣŪôûϵҪ˼Ҿʡ
ķӦ˵ʱ϶Ҫ޵ġ
ȻֻҪܾܵҲû̫ۡ
ûޣֻǻλ壬ֹ˹ߺƬſһڻŹζĲ˳
ԭʣ
ǿ鲼Ǻɫ˺ܶëŻﻹġ
ǿ鲼ָʵ
򻨷˺һṦڽĲˣ̴ֵСצϲ˲䣬һ϶Ļش𣺡ǰ
У̫ˣܷϣġ
ûֱȥǳӽ
ǹɷ͹ζ͸ˣֱͷоԼҪѬˡ
̬൱̧צҪѲȥ
ûҲûаŲû֡
̫ˣܷϣûŵѾôѵһó棿´α˼϶һʱ仳
һ˵ʹʹˣקŲɣίĺƬ˲ˮ⡣
Ҳǡ
֪ҪɸɾĲаϴɾ֮򣬺ܺÿġȰ
̧С۾򣿡
ţϿ϶رÿ
һ£ɿצӣԾɰરવ䡣
£Ͻݶ˸ǰ
ޣ˷ѡ
˲ҭס߶裬ԽԽСܿ޲ȥˡ
ϴƿ裬ᳯȥܿɽͷ̬һ˺
ʵ̫࣬ѬᶼҪˣĲҲûעĶ
ϴһʱ򣬾ﴫһˮ
¶ŷ򲻼ӰǺӰ´˺ߺ
첽ߵɽͷںϣǰһֻ޴Ұ
Ұӣǳֻ
⣡ϽӣһܵΡ
ɱˣûˣʵ
ҰѵƵӱߣںӰϢһºͼԺơ
Ȳ鿴ûһˣȻ˴ӱҲ
ȥҰҰҲû̫˺ۼĸ󹫼һ
ϴδ󹫼ΣºǲΪ󹫼ʳѪ⣬Ѫж
ΰҰʿҲһĲ²ġôҲһˡ
ɱһǧ˰ٵķеܡ
鸴ӵؿһۣԽԽˡ
һһƣҰԺ⡣
ûֱӽԺӣǷԱߵбϣֻҰ̫ˣǳ鷳ҲѪζʲô
ζⳡ꼾ʧˣҲûκ
ڣùҲ㲻´Ρ
ҪֻҪˣҶըһͬ
Ϊ尮ԷۣڵķҲ࣬ǲȱ
ţ׬Ǯ࣬Զ㶫̵޲ݣֲҡ
ԺǼĳס˿ڣ֮ûпǹǴ򹤵ˡ
֪ǴģѪˮᶼЧ˷֣û취סźǿɱϾǸδꡣ
طΣΣգȴһ֮Ҳ㡣
Ҳ֪ôֻܾǰÿһ졣
лҪ˵

 11 

һʱָҰм仹ѼΨһһѲ˵жˡ
Ұͷ̫Ӳ˵ѹ粻
ǵۣԼҲ۵ɢܣ첲۵С
Ͱ˳װ⣬ΧһȦȫ⡣ԼĪ겻ţųꡣ
ǰҰĲУǰеģûȹҰйɺܴɧζһ㶼һ
ǰǶҰȼ㣬ʵȴѹġ
֮Ҳܿ쿴˳θ
Ȼһֻǿûйء
һѽӷ˹ȥ֫˶Ҫſˡ
Ƭ̣ûж㿪ҲûнȥСצצţȥ
Ƭǲˣҿƭҡ
ƬССصûС
ԾɰƬҪϧƬԽԽǲһ϶Ҳˡ
ôûУϴֻ󹫼ǺѪİɣֻѵǱײģ
˵ûע⵽仰жأֱܵˮʱŷֿˡ
죬һ߳ҭһ߽ͣûˣѾˡ
ûޣҿһ£ȻҲġ
ϵƬ·һ൱ߺûˣѾȫˡ
˵Ƭſ·һֻĺ࣬Ĺĵġ
Ƭ沢ʲôѪ⣬͸һһƤƤ⻬ɾǷۺɫģܿɰ
Ƭûκ˿ڣȻ˵һȫˡ
ǰ˿ӵ»Ŀ׹֮ѪҺҲһ㶯ǿܶࡣ
ԼĵĶǶġ
Ǻõÿ죬ףʱʹԲ㡣ַڱŰԾûȫܡ
˿û¾ͺãҲԼ˺õÿɵ£Ҳ۾ܣô
̫ףΪʲôԼʹҲʹֻ㶵ؿƬȥˡ
ûתһȦƽռ֫ٶƬ£ƬſˣȴԾɿٵλģ·ǿųƬһҲйġ
ˣƬջȥɣǸҸո˵ˣϡǸ
ᣬ°Լƺ˼ԭһ
һᣬߵʱ߽ɹĲȡ
Ҳû̫꣬һֱ¶ߣɹöܿ͸ˡ
պһ󻨣ŽŹϡ
ϲô
عͷϵĻЩϲצצСһ¡
ۣ
һ̾ϴȥ
ϴľӷȥûзһߵϴſҪվӣ
ϵĻÿ
ȷʵܺÿЦŵӷһֱעķӦ
Ϊǲˣû뵽ûԼ壬ֻŻǲ¶ȻСһǰŲ
ŲҲûճԼȫòǻܿȫòˡ
ܿĵֱסھǰתȦȦ··Ůһ
ûʲô⣬صҰ߼æ
꾵֮󣬾һֱŻߣڼʱʱצһ»ӣŻᣬȻûлģֻ̫ɹĸɾζ
һ߿һЦܾɻûôˡ
ʱԻʧȥȤתϣŲߣצӼش⡣
ڣⱻһ
֣ⷭ棬ѱĵطס
һֱڿĶȫְѱڵ֤ݷ
˲ӳ˵һ䲻˳ŵʽ
û൱ϲһסȥСצӣŪģצӺмҪæ
ʱ˻ȥɻؿ
Щ̫ˣҪгС飬ҪôôôֱȻš
צӣ৻˼£񱡾ȵ
ԣӣһ趼ҪС
ǽһһֹһֱæڣڰһֻҰλֺˣͨˡ
ͨʱԭԶŲԶһЩŲԶһЩһּãȻ𾪵
ԭеӵģⶫҰҰҲԵġ
ķӦЦ硣
ܺóԣ㳢֪ˡ
ĻӦŲøԶˡ
һʱ䴦⣬ֻһʱ佫Բϡ
ϴֻ󹫼ûг꣬ڼʳҪӡ
´ǰڼʱҲûô¹һʳﾹȻʼôźˡ
죬ֻһʱըţԺӶƮɢըʳŷ۵ζ
ЩҪһͬȥ
ҰԺ֮󣬺ΧͲʱжǻ
һ߰æɻһѲ͵ܹĶһжͼӣѸٳȥֱöԷܲſϰݡ
컹ãһֱţҪ˯
򱾴ҹ˯ںӱߣǿӲ˻ȥû뵽ҹҹ֣͵͵˳ȥҲ֪ɽͷվ˶ãϵƬŶ͸ˡ
첻꣬ʼĳҹˣҹ²жʮȣֱ¡
ӰʱʱһӦ뷨ûתһȦʧˣͱ˸жΡ
Ǹ۵Сӡôޣȴһ㶼۲¿Ҳۡ
֪ǰߵôĴġ
·ߵߣ㲻Ҿ㡣
͵֣ŵֱӴɽϹȥˮ
һ
ֱǵɽǳѧعϵˮ黬һأǷڣһˮˣվԱߵݺݴ˸硣
̫״Сߺĳ߹˹Լ˶Ϊס硣
Ծֻ꣬Ʋûңͷ·ܿ챻ʪֻһ
磬򲻰Сȹ
ߡ˵
ҪҲԵСֱӾܾ
е㼱ȥ
ҹʵڲǰ취ǰƳһᣬŽ
ҪẠ̇
һ޹ãȻؿ
ûȦô
˻Ρ
Χ򡣡
룬˲ӳһٴε˺


 12 

ջǽ飬ڷΧȦ̡
Щ֮ǰƽŲ
Ȼһӿһȥ߳ܵеĸо
оԼڱΪ潣ǣǿˡ
ڵϣ൱򣬾ͼԥԥҹһ֪ôӡ
±֣۾͸Ͻˡ
׼ŲԱߣһסԼ壬ſƬֻһԲɢ٣Ȼ֫β͡
βҲ鲼Ƭʲôβһǰδֺϸ
Щ֫ɿûݶ٣ǶӺͼԾǾԲһƬĹҵģҲ֪涼ʲô
βŬס壬߳ܵƬס۾ŻԱ߹ȥ
һɵζƮô
һȦѹô׵İ취ֻҪƾܰѶܣѹҪκαǡ
δ̫꣬СҲûʲô
ԺӺݺһȦǰűԼȦĵطֺߺô࣬е㲻ȥˡ
ţȴʱŽ˽ëƬʱǿҪϴ衣
Ƭ̣ǵһ˵Ҫϴ衣
ϴ赹Ǽ򵥣ǼûôȥֱֻܱԴȥðѴˢˢǽһৣϴˡ
оԼչһŴʯͷ
Ȼһҹ氲࣬һֱҲû
ֻ꼾ζױߣҪһ͵òһΣֱĶȫϿηʵҲսΪֹİȫˡ
һ𴲺оͷЩµģҪðˡ
ˮϴ˰Թ緹󣬽ȾõĶȫ塣
ǼΪĸ߿ƼƷˡ
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·ϴ»˳󣬼꼾ˮ࣬ӱǰҪ㱻ˮЩС֮⣬ûʲô·
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 13 

ٴΣÿοȳǵĳǽͳʱԾɻᾪ̾һߴ
ܵڽǵʱǰ߶ﳤ¹ģŸ߶ȶʮס
뽫ԴɸֱǲܿŶ
˵⻹ߵģߵĳǽʮ׸ʮ׿ֱĹһ
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һʱʶΪԼţͷ棬ҪĵӰҪʲôЧˣֱС
ǵ˲٣һӻĵû
Ȼŵ磬Ϊ·;ңԶᶼѾˣ̯λһʣ
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˵Ƿѣޱҡ
Ҫ֪һСҲһޱңҪ׬٣Ҫٽ˲С
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 14 

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 15 

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 16 

ܹ۸ʵӡ
ֻ֪һɿûټȥ
磬½½ȥ롣
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ڽ̯λĶһסںңԶĵطʵͨͨûʲǫ̂С׬ǮƷ
Ǿǣֺɡ
ҲʲôֻҪȥǮõ־ˡ
ۼϦбһСʱ͵̯ʱˣɴҲˣֱӽʣµĶʰһ´
ȥְɣ
ûһʳǿ塣
ͼҪʲô΢һǮ̶ֱ֮ȥ
ȥĲάݶĹߣ̵صģڱώ֮Ұݳñ滹ʢҰͬǰ̵ĶȫڵˣʣһƬ࣬ǱӶ̫Ȼû̫
ĵ̲ô󣬷װ޵൱ߵƼֻ˵ԭʼҰԡ⻹иͶӰڷŷɴǿյȴ档
ʱ䲻ԣֱ￴һ졣
ҲֻʱŷӦǼʼĸ߿Ƽ硣
źҪߡûкܶ෴ĵطǵִվǰһһһ
Ӧԥʲôǵſڵһ£ҿȥء
һᣬȥʱСצӳס½ǣҪһȥӡ
֣ǣסҵ֣òֻҪҾͺˣ£һҡ
šССӦˣȻ߷ĺסûͷͷʼҲûϴˮֻˮÿϴʵҲãΪ˷㣬һβ衣
߶һһΣҲһһΡ
һᣬ߲С䵽طÿĵװ޷񶼲һزݵҲľʯ壬ʱվĵطȻǾӣȫǻᷴľ档
˲ʹӵ濴Լģһ£Լϡ
˲٣ģʱῴһۣصǿΪ̫ܴۿʲôҶܺ档
ϣԼǰ޳ŬرţﵽۿȫˮҲЩ
ڸϰ彲ֱۣ޲ݵ̺ȥ̺ǰĵשһշѣҪٵҪǧޱңԥֻģӶ˵ľذ塣
Ǯ֮ע⵽̫ԣЩΣϽ˳ȥ
ܲô
ûС˵ûУȴ
ʵѾԼªˣϾҲôֻ꣬ǲԼơ
һȦѹ·޵ʱͲ䵽ϱˡ
ŵϵˮ̾˿ֻˡ
ޣЩϺƷǾͻؼҡ֪һרϴƬ㲨ˣϴҲġӶһë˲ֽˮҲ֮ת
ʵؿҭŵá
װһ̺һһǣȥõĵϺϴƷȥݶĹߺͳͷ
˳˸͵Сװˮȵģǣõġ
൱ĵؽбϣΪӲȥʱСģصƬƬסӲȥ
ˣǻؼҡ
ʱװһӶȥʱһӡ
ȴӳ뿪ʱ̫Ѿʼ·ˣȵҹƺˡ
ϱȰΣգץʱߡ
ɸԱ߹°С˦ȥܲæš
һ·϶ûϢϣʱʱѾ˵ˡ
ҺһҲûͣؿʼʰԺϢ
ۻ˰ɣϢᣬ˵һ䣬˵ֽ˳
ڵһᣬͷʵ
Ȼ涼ãĺãҹؿƬǺӣŵƹô
СȴǿųԶڲ֪ٹ֮⣬޵۹׶ǣÿ˶ĵط
ȴجΣҲֻһƬҰ
Էˡ
͵شӵ
ܼ򵥣ֻЩƴһһͲϼˡ
̾ô̫ٸӪ
˹ܾٳԡ
쿪ʼһʣһŬ
۾̬һֻйк͹ûĳͺ
ߺԽԽֿβĿޣǺܴģ˺ܶίһޱ
һ߿һ߽ĺٵǰôરવ䡣
óίǰסģ̾
ôޣȳ˿ô찡
һ֪뵽ʲô޵ĸˣֱǺУ߿ޱߵߣġ
ûĤöˣͷɻʣ˵ʲô
ңҳˣԶˣûá޵ͣãĵ˼¡Сܿˡ
šϺǣקס֣ˡ衣
˵Լϣ֪ĸںСӣš
̲סЦֺӹСݶ˸
Լǰôһ
ûúЦǿصûκһ˻Զڣһ᳤󣬱ǿ׳ָߴ󡣻аҪ˵Լûã㿴㲻ҺܶæҵҼˡ
ʵظţסˣᶼ

԰ˡͷطȫɵģκ£ʧҲ£ǻкܶ
֪ܲЩǰʲôԺһͲǹ¶һˡ
ɡӳû˶˵ĻûûʸҲûʱĴھһ󣬲ԽԽܶĨǣҲС
סצӣûпǣֻҪԼľͺˣûԹô֪С
ͷһЦһµĳ嶯
ѿ죬һϸܵļ¶ǼֵЦĺܳ
ҲЦЦıҪţ۾һ졣
һһЦɵһ
ǽķůҲɵ̲סЦ˺ܾá


 17 

Сɵǣֻݡ
̫ãʧˮһˮǰ
һɣҼһΣ޵̫࣬Ҫˮ
ǿھ;ܾˣƵǰҲȡ
£о̵ģμӶˣôúȣεѺȣ´βˣǷǡˣȥ˯ɣ
Ҳ֪ǲãһҹ˯÷ǳȣûбҲûΡ
Ȼ˯źԭӦµȴͻȻԼǳ˳ûߴӣǳشŹ˳ȥ
ٶȼ죬ֻһգ۵ĹʧˣǷ򣬾Ȼǳȳȥġ
Դȫ̲֪˸˯
ʱ˸оˬͨ泩
´һʱȵ򷿼俴ۣǳһһβͼ¶һ㣬źһһΣֻèһ쳣ɰ
һᣬûд˯תȥ׼緹ˡ
뿪ſںβֹͣζҲͣסˣĴƬ⿴ۣɿؽѹڶƤǼƬϵɾű۾˯
Ϊޱעģʱصעһ£ҪΣ߲ˮ⵰ȫУԼԵӪһЩ
Ǽ⣬㲻ϲñϣһ˿ˡĺСһھܳ꣬㿴˵Űһõļݹȥ
ؿֳۣԷҲͷһΡ
צӷ϶ѵץסΪ̫̣ܿɢˣǰһء
ѵûпޣֻĬĬצӣͷ죬һ㽫ȥʳﶼԵˡ
Ƭ̣е㷴Ȼûпޡ
ŷӦֳʳ˵ѣҵǰԲûܵıˣ¾
ɵһСצӷǰ¾ã׼צʱֱӵֵߡ
ιߵ´βˣϾȴպϳһ¡죬ι㡣
ƽһαôԴŵߵʳ𾪵춼ˡ
ȻȻι
һһֱĽǶӱһͲˣ˵ι£ѧᲶԣֻܵŰ
ʵʶСӣСʱԶҪιο컹ûԼΪɶ
Уŵص
⣺ʲôУ
ιԼԡ˵Ŵ죬һھͽȫһһš
ЦЦȵˮǷˮǳȥ˶һ¡
ûнȥʰʱ򣬹Աߣƽտֱֶ׾Сצڳһӡ
Žַÿӹ˺ӱߣװһ·
ʱͼ·һʯͷһɽϣ治ǴǱȵһμʱ˵㡣
Ǵ˵еĺȿˮҲֵᷢʰɡ
ʮֵͬۡ
ˮô
СڣȻһڴؿСצػ˶
ã˶֮ǰһôͷʵ
ɻغһ
ҿԿ㣬չô򣬶ȫչӡ˵ŵòֱӾܾͺãκǡ
ŵ˹˼ľ롣
ƬȫںһԭǰСצӵûȥȴһ
һֱģе棬ҪҲȫΪ棬֪͡ȻҲûԡ
ɿ嶼һŵӣеۣˣš
һᣬһӣŻſƬӺߺһԡ
˵һҪһ
ʱ˿̣оԼʮΪ潵Ĵˡ
Ĳǿ
ǿþ˵꣬ڵƬе졣
צǰʱ۾Ǳŵġ
ĴӴϸϸܵƬƺһȦ̶̵ļ̡
֪ǲǹ⣬㱾ĺɫƬһɫĹ⣬ϸǺɫġ
βͣͬƬβ˦Բ״ļֱ
ޱȸпؿһĻֻһͷʵ̫ˡ
֮ٴγƬһԲȣǰһֱΪǶ䣬ڲŷⶫȻǳڱϵģ
Ա˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ˡ˦βϸ
ɻգգۣͺˣ
⼹ͶӣҲͱԲʱСһѣû̫仯
ԭʵĶǿĵġ
ڵžԲԴ֫βͣβͳܿģ֮⣬Ӻ̡֫ܶʵ֮ǰǺܴ
ųؿķӦ
βͺ˧ϾͶβͺܴˣβϸ
βϱ鲼Ƭ϶˴¶ϸβ⻹дһ͹βڵϣǰĿƻƬĹһš
ᶼˣôһ䣬ʱ˼ػβ͡
ǳôߴβת̲סʵ
ոջڻӶĳע⵽֮˲ſ˻ȥš
ǰرֱһģһ˫ȷ
ʲôӵġ
ϳֵĻ־ֻ㡣
ų㣬Ҳųˡ
£ܿԼ뷨
ܣôܻ
ûɣ
лҪ˵Ԥһ£Ҫ3VVʱԾÿ

 18 

ûάԭκܾãܿ콫Լ״
Ǳȫòű֮ǰ࣬βͼϴһʱʱһ£ĺߺҲôϸ˷
ĸıܿģƬߣȥӱߡ
֪꼾ǲǿҪȥˣǸ죬緹̫ߣ˸оһ˿ļȡ
ָָӾˮΣΪ㣬εʯͷһȦεʱҪǵոͦǰ֫ڶ
ˮˮλûȥԾɺܿҲܼȥȫͿֱӷˡ
ˮˣֱӷˮҲʲôֱͣˮУεʯͷ̣ˮòƹֲȥ
Σ˵㲻̫õԤУܸоӾܶûʲôá
ˣԡרҵҲ
һ֮СצˮͬһѸٵʯͷߣһȦصߣٴתȦΡ
ȵȦҲֻӶѣһֶûС
ϸϸصһ˫۾ȴ佱Сѧ
ĿɿڴؿԲ򡣡Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Ǹоȷ˶һöûǿ̫ˡ
Ҫһ᣿̫ˣԶ㣬ǱǱ߹ָźͦԶĵطĵ
Ŷ
ιȥҲ˿ɾĵط£ŷŽ
ӱؿˮͱûżű߻ű֡Щ㻹ͦ󣬸ӡ
ǰԵ㣬¿ˮ߶סԼűߣ컹ץһȥ
ûע⵽㿴ʱλƮһڻɫľ
ľˮ
ˮһֱͣ½Ѿ͵һˣϧֻβܿͻˡ
źؿһۡ
ΣССĺڵԽԽ
˻ִͣ
ٶֿ˼֣ۼžҪε
ҲڴʱͻȻһУʵ̶̫̫ˣ쵽Դ˵һʲôˡ
ڼеͬʱһתΥشˮ͵ײǰɫĶ
顣
һߡ
һתͷ֣Լ߲֪ʱһֻ޴ޱȵ㣬ֻж̶ףʱϵֻҪ룬ͻΪ㸹в͡
Ϻͱ亹ֱðѸٴˮϰ
ոΪ˾ֱײ죬δˮ¶Σʵ̫̫ˣƽˮ棬βһ˦Ÿϰ˲ͱУˮС
ȶûкѸٱˮγȥ
ػعļ죬һ谭ûУʵˮܰû
ӾֻܱסԼ̫ȥ
ɳܱ˿ƣԺܿˮ£ֻʣһ첲
һΣʱͷˣԭһŵٿſڼ¶Եˡ
سȥһҧſ򦡣
צʹһ°ֱӱץצֱӲ۾УѪģ鱻
ɫˮѸٳƮȥ
ӣһȻʱǰֻ˵ϸϸ޻Ầߵģྶͥ˵
ƴβĴˮҪѾûлˣûһغںӰϡ
תηȥ
ˮѾӰˡ
ոջʱСһıһ߿һߺ֡
Ψһһ࣬Ҳˡ
Ÿոʲôпġ
öԼԭ򣬶ԼĴڣ
ոջʵղ֪ʱƮһƣƵ¡¡
޵ԽǹѾ˺ܾãȴԾɲӰӡ
оԼҪŲסˡ
֪ԼƮģҲ֪Ʈ˶ãֻоÿһ붼һô
ĿѾĴ죬ȱͷһѣΣǰʼڡ
ԼƽһЩͷ¶ˮ档֪һԼ
ѾʱȻҲûио
ֻˮ׵ʯͷܼϱˣǰоܳΪ㣬ҲͻȻһһֱͼ˺ҧ⡣
ۡ
򡣡
ôãڿҪŲסˣҲʼ˵졣
Բ𡣡
þһŬٸֱ֣£˿ʼ򺣵׳ȥ
£ҲڴʱһɫӰӴһͷˮ
̴ֵצŬס·ͼûʶ˻ſſôû㣬»
צӻ˵ˣôҲץס
ԼצһᣬţߺҲӣ¶ʲôһ
һ룬޴ĺɫʧһСسԭء
лҪ˵ƤһԤաָϡɺ̡󡷣ƪд˾Ͱ˳򿪣Ʒб

 19 

ʱ, ꡣ
һƬɣɳɳɳŻĺˮе㳳
оؿںƺ, ϢоԼˮס
գգۣǰˮڻζ, Ҳɱ档ˮ⿴е㲻ʵ
Ȼ, Լ, Ȼˮɻ, ֲˮҲʲô㡣
ҲͦãҲõĳԺҲõȫˣкܶܶطûȥǲ֪ܲεȥ䣬ٲܳɴҲС
ôŵʱоؿڵĳƸи˼֣·пʯѹһ, ʯͷϵ˵ߣȻеġ
ӣѡһԶ
, ڿޡ
̾ϢһԼ϶ѹ
˸ţǰͻȻһŷŴ, Ǹİӡ
ӳðװ֣۾󣬵Ǻ鶯ˮģӺ춼ͦСɣƤۻͷӴҲƵİ
ԼĪӣû·Ӹ첲źһཱུļһѡ
ĺӣôкӣ
ûףӾʹ޳죬ſ澹ȻһϸܵļСɵֱֳȭͷ󣬿ͬһ
ôô
Ĵһʱûиͷ㶵ؿźӡ˭ܿüң
ѵһֻ
̧̧֣ԼԶֱ˺ӵıġ̲סһ£ʵĴС
û
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ܶˣӵƨǰŲŲϵһͬǶйǳζ
ˡ˵Ҳһģһ
һһֱ
һƣؿڵȥƨԼ
˲Լôû£㵵ָ򣿣ܱˣ
һֱĲ²ⶼ޷ѳ˵ˣԲܵԴûԱΡ
ͷķӦ¶Щʧ˵ɫΪϲԼͷԼ֣ٴ
οһȫһĸоֱܴۿ飬ܿԼķӦ˵ˣ͵ֻе㾪ȣһμΣܿɰرɰ
ȷʵͦɰ̬ܴ
˵ȥһᣬûᶯ
һоأǳأһɽûɶ
ʹ㾢ʹȫȵû
ЩεطڵϽ˱
һҲһĺôŸżһָб޻Ҫãûסһ£͸ˣ޻ǣ⻹˻Ρ
ǸԲûס
λԴһͷŨڵͷĻζҡڡգſ޵ˮ۾ʼ嶼ԭͦ׵Ƥð͸졣
סƬסƤȻôΡ
źرסűĴŷ֣ԭԼһֱһǳӿǸڵһպùסȡ
ʱȫˮһֱˮУȴ˳ûио˿ʡ
ףԼ
־һΡ̾Ϣ
Ժµʱô뵽һԼ῿һһε׷
ҵŮ񡣡
򷢳ϸĿ飺ҲŮ񡣡
ЦԣŮ񡣶ˣֻôˣô㡣
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ôҵҵģ
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ûٷܣʵʵҧһ¡
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˵׻Ĺ͡
һˮʱٿˮߣŲˮԶЩĵط˸֦ôһǳһŵسǰߡ
ݵغ͹ľа˸ߣʱʱһ̶ˮӣһľҪµǻи߳ϡ
ݵزȵһСʱ㱻ĺˣҲеûܡ
򻺻ͣҲͣס
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Ҫʲô
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ͷһۡ
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·ɾͷоͷʼ£ҲܵҲЩ
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ˣһͻءԲڴľ֪ŶԼá
һϣֻ¶ԴҲһŴڵϿʼݽš
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һ˲䣬һһŴԲԶǶһ
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ЦЦǰҲˡ
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Ϣ޵ʱۡ
򣬻ȥںסˡ
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ֱ۱Ȼһ¡
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ôܻߣһ˰ļңʲôʱ򶼿ԡ
ң
ͷ˿ȻСƣȴоĵĵط
ϲϲѾö춼ûҪɱˡ
ƺҲûеôʹࡣ
šˣˮġЦЦоܡ
Ҳ̫ҪһᡣǣԼңʲô㺰ңҾ⡣
˵ص˴ϡ
վھԶĵطУոմˮʱһ˵ҲЦеֻš
´ŵСغ
ۣͷţôˣ
û˯ţǱϢһ¡ԼĶͷˣûиðҩҲֻӲϣһܺ
õӦ˿ĳǰ˵㡣
һᣬ˯ˡ
ֳǰŲ˵㣬üͷצһ£צӿҪʱͣסˣܿ죬צӱ֡
ֺСͷ¶һ

Сһ䣬û˸Ӧˣüͷø
ԭתȦֿˡ

ҵϣͷֱۣȫΡ尫С˺ܶСŵسߣԼǰװС
׾šҪȥǿɣǵûȥɡ
˻ˮָŽݺһҧóʱָ϶˸Ѫӡ
ûʲôоؽѪνˮ˻Ρ
źٴλصߣѵؽˮݵߡ
°ѴѹҲûȥֻŽţʵ̫λ壬ƨɺβ͡
β֧壬ڰˮι
Щ֮ſڴߵȴӺһ֡
һ˯ڣʱѾͣˣһƬ
Ӻȣһͷϡ
ˣ˯еԺɫ
Ÿ˵꣬һӰ˹
סĸ첲㱻ѹſ
Ծģβͻ
Բ𰡣ҾȻ˯ôá´ƴ򿪣ŷӦԼȻˣͷԱȫˡĻйζ
ͨĸðҲûкôģŤͷ򣬲֪ʲô
ܾòԼÿζھԼ
Һʲôô
գգָۣ˶ԣûش⡣
ϵ˿ڶ̶ʱѾʧˡ
ûûС
ԴȻĻЧãѾȫлл㣬ΣҸôлźãҪʲôʲôԸ˵ֻҪȫ㡣
һͷСüͷŬ˼һ֮֡

߸ƽſֱס
ֻ
ĵһֻ͹ˡ
ϲ˲䣬ֳû͵һǡ
ˣߺ׼ײȥ
оԼduangһʱײϣôۡû뵽ǰߵ˵Ȼѧˡ
Ȼ껵µǳϵؽԼΡ
ٴۿ˱ɶĻ棬Ծɾúܲ˼顣
һᣬϵȶȥˣѵҲһЩģϸϸʵ
ʲô
տʼûӦʵʲôһͻȻ׹
֪ôشźã粢ûд࣬ĳЩΪͻ䣬䲻ضģҲ˵óԼı塣
ʲô
룬óĻش𣺡ӲҪ˵ĻԳûа취ɶûκҲûˣھǸͨ˶ѡ
һ¹µһеˡ
ɴ۾֪뵽ʲôƬµѿȻЦ
ԭһġ
лҪ˵Զ
л֧
ľԲᳫҰζǧҪ

 20 

֪ʲô, ֻ֪Լ׽Щ
·õҰèһߵĶҪţʱʱһı
˯, мһֱûнʳҲö
û, ϴһȥ
ҡͷ
Ƭһ£Ҳóԡ
Щʳûļ⡣ûȥ㡣
ԼĪĿˮ, ûʳ
˵, ʵڲҲȫʳȥ
, ôܸ㶫
һ쾭̫࣬ˮǸðģ˯һ죬һ㶼ĳͷԺӡ
ԺӴϴ˺һ磬ûصώ࣬Ҳָֻߡ
ҲѾٶȿ, ỹвЧ
ǰ޵ᣬСһ򿪣ﾹȻտҲ
, ˣ
צӣûиȥġ
ϸźζƽŵζ, йζ
˻κ滹ܵһˮ˳ζʱǹζе
֪ʲôܼӵԼĪҲͿˮˣѪжܲڼѪ
ͷƬӳ
û׷ʲôתͷԺӡ
ˮЩ˲ݣһǽµĻҶӡ
һֱߵߵظ󣬿ǽȥһ£Ͻ˹ȥԼĳطͲˡ
ĳͷӵԱʱװԼһ޸оʯͷ
ԱŲһ㣬һ
գգۣװû۾ա
ҡҡͷϵķɫСƬ϶У࣬ȥµҰɡ
ϵСצСצŬһһСɻ
ʱֱֻ̨ܽһĻ
Ҳ͸㡣ֵݹȥһ䡣
СĽӹצһ㶼ʹǻ̫С޷ȣӶ֧⿪һƬƬ˶ذƬϡ
Ƭ֧Сһ
Ĵ𣬽ĻȫСϣһСѡ
һҶͰ͵س
ǸСˣˣȥɣϴϴһࡣЦ
򰵰˿ʣĵطֲ˲ȣŸһȥ
һֱϲͣԺص̳ߵطŢһһӡ
վ¸ˢϴ˺һᣬ嵽ƤʱСƬϣȫ£ϣҲ֪ײģȻûе
ǲʲôصĴԪAһ
˯ʱػݣûټƨɺ档
ȻϴûãһɳɳſڴһͼβһԲ̺̺ߵһӣȦ̺ƽһԣôˡ
ôˣ
˯Сص±ֲܾһ䣬С
ͷһ˯
˦˦βͣ¶һ˫С۾εض
˵޷ûֻԼ;ôСȥζôóԣñС
ͦͦظŬԼŸߴһЩ
ߺߡ
ЦллңΡ
ڵϣһֱȵ˯˲˦˦β˯š
һ죬𴲺Ͻȥʬ壬һ̫¶Ȼߣʳﲻͻܿ츯޷ʳá
ûдͶʳˣӱ߿ݵأܣкܶϡ
˿вС棬۾Щʳʡ
ĳҲǰܶ࣬ĴָôϺָܱ
Ӻմ˲رצӺβ֪ͣʲô
˼ôֻ㡣
ʱдĴ
˲̧ͷβƬҲ΢΢ſ
رˣȣ߻һֻͬ壬ֻǸԣжʮӣź
ɻؿȣİ˹⻹ǵһΡ
ȣôͻȻˣǣ
ȵλҸ׵ĺѣаضǰҲʶģ⼸һֱڼæ⣬ûģι
ضźºͣһ΢Цû̫߸ϵĶ˵ľ
ûˣȽˣҲûȫ˵ʡ
֪ģһ˾ס൱ΣգԲԵ޹ʽ˴ǰпܾûܾˡ
ã֪ʲô£ض֡
ضһ£Ѻܳɹϼû
ãǰԵķըţζ˵㻹ģ֪㶼Щʲô
ĳգգۣͳһš
һ¾ջߵ峴ըһ㣬֪˵֡
ŶȻô࣬ȤҵĲʦôÿµнǧޱңаٷ֮ӪҵɡȻҲԹ̶нһ塣ܲÿ춼
֪Ⱦϰ࣬ķȫһˣȥΣ涫ζԣ۸ͦá
ǰ˵İצʦУҲ˵Լġ
Ǹûȥ򹤵뷨ֱӾܾ
һڿضʱŲߣֱܷóһ˾ǲǻŶ⡣
ֻûʲô⣬Ī
źǲ֪䷽˵˷ըţ㻹ըըӣζܺá֪ʲôؾ
⵹ûʲôɲصģҲûҪȥ￪Ĵ㣬ǽ䷽ȥû취ȥ̯ˡ
֪Ըټۣ
ضָȻ˸塣
ȫǶ٣ǧ򣿵ǲܶ٣ֻҡͷǣ̫˰ɡ
ض£˸ָΣ
ҡͷҿ԰⼸ݷӶ㣬Ҳó
ضͷֱʮָʮ򡣵
ͫһʮ治ˣһһ׬̯׬ĶǮҪƷûʣˡ
˵
֮㲻κˣҲ˽Ʒ
Ҫ¢ϵ˼
ûʲô⣬Ҳֻһִʽ
ʵ¢ҲֵطãǷ棬һ̨ܷϸɷֺ;ȻҲиϸƵİȨ
ͷãûκ⣬ھͰ䷽˵㡣
Ҫ¼Ĺ̡ض
ûʲôҲԣǼʳĿ̫ܲ
׼ضЦŴ˸ָûзһҷһֻŲٶ
ԭ׼ûпǹ̸лʧܡ
̾Ϣһ
׼Ŀܵ
ضֵЩЦ֮ǰῼǺпֵܳĺȻ졣
Ҫסȥضڰ֣÷ڵϡ
гͺˣʳĺ͵϶Увģ
Ŵ󿪣˲̨ΰȫʼֱ仯ܿһ̨ƶǰԱ߻˸ͦĴʳ񡣹˸˵ϡ
һθ̾ǮãƼչá
ʼ磬󷽷ȥ
ಽظ󣬾ضʱغһֻЦ
ض£ߵȵʲôƷֵģĻͦʣ֪ζô
ȸϽǣļˡ
ضź룺ŶǰΪʲôʳҲ֪
⣬˲תֱֱض˹ȥһڲݵſ
ضһһԭθϽصʲôҾ㣬ҿǴģ
ʵʵڵͣɵҲ죬ضƽʱߵĶ˹ţͻȻֱŵëһ
ûжֻǽǸëϸζ֮ԼƬҲûٿ
Ͻˣ򣬱嶯
ոļˣϸϸغߺߣ
̲סЦˣҲյССصʵҲǡ
͵صɴ۾
꣬²˵ָ
ֿǣ۾һܿȥˣոµĳٿɽϵСӣֻߡ
ʹߣٷˡ
ԾЩһ
ǰεİضǸ
ʵڶԲסҼ̣̫£ͷμİе㺦£˵㡣û°ɣ
ضɫѿϵ·ִӿڴӣľϸԼͷͣŰڰ֡
ûʲô£´οúӱܡҲƢãǼƽϣҪǻˣͱһˡ
ͷʵǲ˼ɣΪǸҶһϣըųԶ壬Ͻֽ塣
ضǰһոǵ˲ˡ
ģʲôϣ
ûôȥ˵ܶΣܻӭǸ־ƣܻӭҲǸ־ƣŮԻʳݶﶼᰮһ
ڳתһȦоô
УĹ
ĳʳĶȱ򿪾£˸ζ嵭ĳʱɻб飬ûմˮôպŴˡ
㳢
ضЩʱڴûôˣܻӭҾƣ
ζͦˬģаɡ
ЦЦû˵ʼʳըš
ضߣ¶ϵֻ˰һ͸Ŀ֣Ļ׼
ֻ۸൱ÿҲҪǧޱҡ
ǰҲУҪǮˣҲûΡ
ǮҲһʲôҲϡ
ըĺܿ죬˸ضż⣬ǳϵѡըӡ
ţۡ
˲ϲķۣһԻۡ
ضĴָһڽոջĵƺȥ˸ıá
ԤУһԺһɸŰۡ
Ƭ̣ŵӣ޼鲻̡
ڸתǮ
ضʹظתʮ򣬿һſͰ͵͵ȴҿն˶ûУڷһᣬӽһ֪մʲôն˳
Ҳ㣬лҡˣȻȥóʦоһ£´λҡ
ֻܿ뿪ûиһߡ
Լ·ǳǸεصͷ
Բҡ
֪ģϰȨƵģܾˡõǸⲻѾûˣһ׬ʮ򡣡
㣬ûϵԺ㶼̯ܰˡ
ŵЦЦûбİ˭˵ֻһˡİɣ´ιһԡ
ڷá
ۼˣһƨɶվһԵȣߡ
ֻһˡ
Ⱥһۿ˻ʬ壺ף㣬ɱģ
ǣסצӻ˻ӣŶˣҺüΡͿˡ
̧ŹƬر
ȿֿ㣬̾û뵽ͦġ
򷢳Ȼĺߺ
Ҫôʡ
֪ѬΣ´δ
ȵͷ£ˣ㻹ǵϴαҴֻͷô
Դ˼£ôܲǵãôˣ
ˡ
һ㱻ļצˣûЩʵôģΪʲô
ûע⣬ԱߵϢʱ͵Ƭ߲Ծؿ
ҡͷ֪˳⣬ҹ£ʬ类̯˷֡˵˿ں󾱣һϸҲʲô˵ġǳɱɣˣƽӦҲûٿɹƭ
û뵽ˣʱֻͷ뿪ʱΪٴҲ磬˾ͺˡ
Ѷʱֻľϲ
ô鵽ô
Ȱڰ֣ôܣûʲôȨƵͨˣ˾ˣû˻׷ġмˣǱйϵܻ׷һ¡¿϶֮ˡ֮һʱϣӽѲ飬ϻҪһµġҪǵעһ¡
ȷʵֵǮҲˣûϳȥʳͲˡ
лл
û£ҲҪȥˡնˣǼһºѣ´ʲô¿ǰϵ
ȵİ´նˣҵ˿ռ˺ѡ
ն˸ֻһǲ󶨵ģ˭ȥãԲר͵
źãŵʱţ¶˻͵ˣ´ϵ
뿪ְŪһնˣץԴһãȻعˡ
ҪǣȻѧԣûˡǸäֲʶһ
ƫƫ̫ŤȫһԲȦȦи̶ֳ̽沢еͬʹŲ֣ͬ޹ɿԡ
һַһʱ򣬾ͷ·ǶһƬŤĺڶ࿴۶ҪΣ˵ѧϰˡ
˵ѧѶʮԼһٵĵģʽ
ţҪҴĿʼѧ𣡡Щ
һһֱûعЩߵصʶ֡
ף


 21 

û뵽Ȼʶ, Լһ̶Ȳϡ
ֻʶ֣ΪغǮʶҲС
һסצ, ̧ͷؿ۾ʦ, ң
Ƭ̣һ, ɫƬѸ͸ɫ, ܿϺһ͸졣
, 㣬ſңҲǡص
áɿצӣȻأ
βͼ¶˳·Сһ˦ջȥҲڻΣɴཫβ
Ҳ̡Ϊѵص˵žԼоҪˡ
֪, ͣѧĿ϶׶γ̣Ѷȶ˵ʡ
ûû£ۿ, һһ־ͺã͸ĳʲôʲô˼͹ˡôʵ
צӲ˲Ƭϵᣬһ
Ϊ򰮿, ˸Сרűëᡣ
ѧϰȲð㴦ٷȥͲҪˡ
ƤǸöǰƤЬƤƤģ۸񶼷ǳ󣬱Ͼõֻ㸹һƤҪһС͵ֻ㡣
ֻ㣬ôҲ⡣
˵ĥ
۾գҲգһԴմϳӵĲλֱӳ⣬̲סɪһ¡
ƤĹе鷳˵Ŭһ۵İҲûɹ
ڵϢĿ϶һֱΧ۵̲סȤ֪㻹иôǲͦģ
򶼽˽ǰСצûнӻ
ʲôʲôģ˵ô
иʽнʵָ˵ľҲˡ
գգ۾ͻȻе˷СצȥҰ㡣
צЦеصð
İ£Ƥܿذ
ʣµⱻпһ˻˼ңΪ̫࣬費ȫ˵ͦԶĵطӵˡ
⸽ﲻ٣ӳȥʳҪ˶þͻᱻԸɾҲȾ
˼
Ǯ֮ҲûԾΧԺ̨תһ磬ݺĵҲ
˴ó˵ֽɣ
ǿŵµɣ³СѿϸϸССһÿ춼Ҫȥһۣȷûŷĵػ
æŴ⣬ʣµʱǴ˶
ɽ˻һԲδʯͷݺбϡٴºӾˮ벻Σմڡ
⼸ʯͷͳ˶ģÿҪŴʯͷɽˡ
ʯͷҪһʵʵسһ֣ʯͷѹ⣬û뵽Ƶö
·˹һöƤʯͷѵɽߡ
ɽߣɽ¶˵㣬ȥҪʮӵʮӣ·͸
ʯͷÿȥһҪһ֣һȥʱ˽һСʱ
ʵǸĵһ㶼ûиɣûпҲûзκαԹÿʯͷ׹ʱצӺβͣץס棬ٴϡ
ؿϵƬ
̲סü̫˵㡣򷴶ʯͷˡ
ңܣȥġ϶˵ڲ
ȵڽȥʱ͵̱ڵϣÿһƬƬȫſԲԲĶƤһһģһСҲȫ¶˳һ
ȻƵöѳסⲻ־
ڵϸȷ磬۵צӰĦĦβͷһ¡
ô
βͺͺצΪҪס壬治մ࣬ƬƬʱӲðŻᱻҵΣȥƬ˻
ƬĲλܿ·ѪѪܿ챻סֱĥƣ˿ڴĿġ
ëСĵؽβ͸֪Լ˿вС
ҪۻСһʯͷô󣬻Լ
ʯͷҲԼѡģ˰˵Լȥˣôһ顣
Ϣһ򻺹һЩ˸Լצŵء
ȻۺۣоԼһݣ˫ĿؿȻϸȴú
ңô
ôľܾƬֻ̣̾Ϣŵãǵûô¡
û˵ֻǼظ֡
ѵʲô£Լܾ˵һ֣ҪԼû
һȫӲĳֻõͷ
˺ˣˡ첻ˣٰ㰴Ħһ¾ͻȥ
ߺſڵĦⰴĦ˵ᣬһ̲סһβͣߺ߶ˡ
һ߰һߵȰæ˸ǣԺÿ¼һߺأЧô
һֱЦûȥ
ޣԸЦЦû޿ɰ
βϵڵڶȫˣûκΰ̺ۣȱʧƬƬ˭Ҳ벻ܹˡ
ϢȥֻܷɶҲˡ
βͲô
λ壬βͳ˸һĶ
Цã˺ˣŹβͰɡٶһ㣬һ㣬ͼãȻŪԼ
֪
һ͵ˣ˷ѶԷͻš
ȥسӲһⶫҪӴҲҪվȥϸĵ߸ˣֻҪվǰͻи͸İ׹Զɨ裬أһ㻹ʾ͸ֽ顣ʵǰ̳ͶҲصĶࡣ
վȥԡ
һˣʮһٽδ壬仯κ¼⡣ƫݣ£עⲹӪӶλΪƶˡ
ǰŲΪĿƼôӦúܵģû뵽Ҳȫǡ
ߵ򣺡Ҳһ¡
ʵе㵣ǣƺһֱӣѾԵĺˡ
Լľأ޷ֱô죿Ҫʵˣվسӡ
㲻ҿĻԱ۾ҵһ£ȡѡնɨϵĲ˵ⶫԸնнܴնͦ㡣
ԥԥŲǰ
ȷʵҿԼʲôһˮȣʲôҲڻ
צӲĦϵƬææµµȥ۾һգǰһ磬ֱվ˼ⷶΧڡ
ûеãʶʵ̫鷳ˣֻܶ˵һȦһȦҰťҵ۾ˡ
һװˣһװˣİ޷⣬ƺ¼⡣سꡭ
ھһۻҵԲȦէһⱨ棬Դ˲̧
һ뷨ǣԲԲرر׼ڶӦѹԼһֱΡ
ԭһ
ظس꣬ʶ˶
һưڹرհťϣصЩǵߵߣ
ԼһţƬ壬צβȫ˻ȥ
ûпҲûƬϿʲôˮۣҲܸˬ
ȻûޣҲЩȡ
㻹ô
ߡƵģǴӵص·һ
ƬоµƬһһĳ飬״̬
գգۣ͵ذڵͽȥվŵԵ
ûӣͷ·ڵ̶һһֵˮԭ²֪ʱ˸ӣʱˮ
Ҳʲôˮȫᡣ
±Լڿޣص˸ӳ
ֱ֪˵ЩʲôźˣֺЦֺ
㰡ԣˣˣԺġ֪һôСʱֵˣһݣȫúܺÿȫǱɡ
Լڿޣӿ̧ӿ˳λմһȦˮŻеЦ
Ǹ©ˮˮӳ˳ǣ޵ĿסͦˮһƬġ
пڸԲˡЦŵ
ߺز䵽ߣѹĲѡ֡
ſֱסûµģڻڣġ
ǡҡͷֲܸ˵̫һֵҲԼСܶܶܶࡣǵġظ
̾ԣģҪúóԷ
ûſǻŵҳԵĲࡣ
֪ԲԲôأʡ
£߼֪ô
ԡ
ﲻԡ
Զ࣬֡ôˡ
ҡͷ־Ҫ˶ûû˶û˶ͻ֣öԲԲԣ
С۾ת̣ð첻֪ôˣֻһ߶ţǣǣԡ
Ϊѵӣ̲סЦ۸СӲ̫ãʵ̫ɰˡ
ˣˣãϿҪ꣬ȥ˶
á
һϰֳԼĸɣһֱߣȥĶҲԱ߿š
ռƬƬƬ
βͺͺצֵƬֵ˲٣Ѫڵϳһĺۼ
ÿʱܵУٿƫƫŰʽĶ൱Ӱ˿Ƶġ
Ȱ˵һֶʽʱգۣСצӱס֣һĺߺ
룬
˵˵ˣͿʼ䣬Ϣģίѹ

ʼǲ׼ãֻҪһͻЭ
ޱʹԼʱΪʲôҪֶʽʯͷԼĽţϹ⣬Լֲרҵġ
ѵ㲻ô̲סβϵ˿ڡ
β͵سһ£̲סг嶼Ŷ˶βСĵƬ¡
ۣôܻ᲻ۡ
ܿ죬ۣõġԽ˵ԽС
Ϊʱɫ൱ѿۿе죺Ҿۡ
ٺٿޣܶһᡣҲֻдûס
ˣʵֻǺۿۿתû
סˣ̶
ŵȫ֪ôźãҲܿƵ
ޡ
ôͷһָ飬ҲѹǣҲ˵ֻˣԼЦһ¡
ϴԼЦʱҲЦˣһ߿һѿͼЦһ£Цĺܳ󣬱֮ǰҪ
ЦάֲһӾҲЦˡ
ֱסצڴֱ۵ʱ·
ͷԼ͵رΡ
Сص˽˫Ϥ۾꣬Ҳ֪ԼίʲôҲѹֲסˣ
Ҫޡ
ֻۣҲԼˣе
ײ˿ҪڵˣؿƵۣǸصС
ؿڣոһȫˡ
ֲϵᣬҲˣҲˣǻؼҺòã
áգʪ۾һֱͷ
һһСǣ߻˼ҡ
㶫
á
ҪԵ㷹
á
·˸ֻظһ֡
֣Ҳһ¡
λԴһҲ˹ȥ
Цôôɰء
ԼʲôЦģЦ˾ͺˣβҲ۾
Ϊÿ޵Ķ࣬רиᡣҺҨЩˮצӺβݽȥ
㲻ݣ˿һҲûǱ¶⡣
εСѾӺβһˮزͣŲָͷβҲʱʱһ£һƬˮڵˮϴ·ܿʪһƬ
βͱ𶯣һᣬ˿ںõÿ졣ѾҲ𶯡
ʵˣĶһᣬӣСҲϴ
˸Сӹ
ͦţѾӰŽѾӣˮģһ㶼䡣
һµýָͷȥģһ¾ȥ
ýűѹס𶯣һᡣ
ͿʼЦβͼָŻ
˯ǰֵǰ¼һأѾصˣҲĻʾֻնʾ򿴲Ҳб뷨
ݺüͷ壬ؾȻһһأǵĲ죬һֻһ
һﲻ࣬Ҫ֪һԵķҲûһÿٷֻһСڣ˶ԣȵˮ⻹ǿȵġ
ټÿôص˶ģ˶µŶԡ
ٶȾ׶ҪҲ˵ȥ
룬ֻ֪Լ޳ˣȻȥɱ
Ҳǳʲô⣬Ǽ򵥵ķʡ
زҲѸٷֲôҪҽ
ͰһûɿŵԼצӣֲʣȦȦʱߺһ
ǲǣˣתˣСʡ
֪ҪҪ˵ʵڴҡҡͷǣҲûݣûʲô仯ʱ̫ˣ¼
ЩʧŶһûпޣû־ǺܴĽˣ˵˶Ч
һԼ뿪ˣЩĵ˯
Ųһ֮פڵϲ뿪ˣÿԶԷڵɺá
żҹҲԺظȥճèһĸġ
ҲһҲѾϰһŴ
ⷿӽִֿԵӵ
һ˵ȻۣȴһΡ
ɵҹͻȻһѹֲסĽѣ͵ش򿪵ͼԭúڴߵһʹš
ôˣ                        
лҪ˵£ҪŶ

 22 

޴վǰ, ͷһβ֪ôźˡ
ԭ˳ϵƬʱȫը·𱻵ƬŹһƵģȫڵʹʱġ
͸ƬܿƤƤ, һһĵġ
ƽտ޺ʱĿʱ, ϶
۵úˣͣײ, ̫ʵľذһǳǳĿӶ
ײƬ, ۾ʧؿվԽԼ, һ͵ȥ
ײײһ·ײײǽڣҵӣײӹ˳ȥ
򣡡
˲ñײĶЬûŽżظ˳ȥ
ûԶֻ˷ݺϣʶܿĶ, Լ̫ƻ
˿ռ֮͵ؽһŵչͿ·˫εĴڿʹڵϷ, ֫βȫŤ
оԼͷϵ
̫ˣ̫ˡ
۾ϣѶҲϡ
ֻʹ, ʲôҲʲôæﲻϡ
򡣡
״̬ûг̫ʱ䣬ҵŤ鴤ܿˣ̱ڵϣһʱʧˡ
ϽǰԴ
岻˼һ۾ҲóƬ··ˮϴһ
һıǶˣеȻڡ
ǲûз£Ằ֡
㻹ô
ò˻Ӧۣһֱ޷Խֻ㶵ؿϿգʹţ΢ش
õ˵ô˻
ת
ƽվѾСʱС
ʣڸоôôͻȻ
ڣѾʱԵĺȵĶȫһ飬㻹ǹҰȫҰζѵΪЩʲô
ǲӦҲ²ŶԣΪʲôǸ¡
󴭿оֿ࣬ǣοϰˣܿ죬ͻá
ϰʱһֱŵ˲ͱˡ
ʹֶôϰߵˣڲô̬꣬ѾܺˣÿʹʱԾк޲ĳ嶯
Ṇ̀ôСΪʲôҪϰֶ
ΪʲôôʲôҽûУûƹˣ׳һϵ⡣
᲻һۿתֱӾ͵ڼͷ·ϲ
գգۣŬצӣЦޡ
ᳯЦЦãҲޣڸоôô
Ŭ˦βͣɵҡͷۡ
Ĳôۣһˣеһʱ
һᣬٴγɹؽԼ
Ļԣ̲סʵô
һʱ䡣ãǵˡϸϸصֱָ֮ǿŰֺߵ
Ϊʲô
ͷһ᣺˵ģβá漴Щؿô
ʱЩ˶޲жԶԶ»ᱻȾˣһ˱ڿֺڰɽǸطҲܳʪƬ϶̦ûûʳҲûˮʲôҲûС
ܶΪԼҪˣų̦ǽˮ
̦ѳԣֿɬԹѳԵĶˡ
᲻ͣµôҲֹסҡͷᣬôɰôܻ㡣
ϲЦҹϺЦݺڼƽջҪˣЦȴܺÿⴺ쿪лҪÿ
ߺе㺦ߵػһҲᡣ
ϲˣҪԽǰϲˡ
ᣬǣצӡצӱƽȥҪֲһ㣬צţȻ˵ûˣǾ˿̺
ǻؼңú˯һϢһ¡
ζҪȥһҽԺ֪ʲôôأûпεúãҪǮԥ֡
һֱȻһû˿ԽÿҪԳԱů⣬Ҫȫ
ĳ־ӽ̶һ֦֦ˮƮţʱʱһƬʱ򻹻Ϊڷ絲ꡣ
֦ʱȥΣգһ֦ûʧֵûصǰˮһ
ãԼԼһЩ
ȥֱʱŷԼΪ̫żţ˴Ь
кܶʯӺֲҶӣŵװȶۡ
Žϴʹͷºɿһ㡣
ߵ;֪ʲô˽һ£˿ڴ۵̲ס˻һס˵㡣
һͷڷĽˡ
ƽʱθ˰˱ּ࣬Ѫۡ
û£Ҵһ¾ͺˣôۡο
ոյƺ˹
ͣ½ŲŵԼɳŬſǰ

СצӳкſԼϡ
ϴˮﱻһᣬûʲôо͵ˣؿıЦ£Ҳû飬ֱȥ
ûùģҲ֪ʲôʽߣ϶צܡ
գ֮˾͵˼ſڣҪţһ̧ͷԼײƵĴӣŵһѱϵˤȥĸˡ
ˣҡ
Ƭû£һ¾ͺˡӱǽڽݡ
ǰͰ͵ؽƬʹŴϣƺԼ´Ӷȥ
ŬһᣬֵĴӲȥˣצӣؽݡ
ţûôܣݽĵ٣ʣĲ̫ˡ
״ȱָ裬Դ쵽ûֹסˮһȥ
ôᡣ
ңҲáһ߿һߵ
̽ԴöͷסĶͷ
ûУûвã˴Ь¡
ǡ
ûпǣǵãԺҲûпǡԴ˻ΣԴҲŻ˻Ρ
ܸоͷϵ͹ӲӲģͷһ
ֲ£ɪһ£ƺе㲻̫
գʪ۾
ŲͷԲ𡣡
û¡ڲˣŲ趢Ľŵݡ
˷ѣͺˣرãȫˡ㿴Ѫˣȫˡ
ȷʵĨ˿ģûѪֹסˡ
룬צӰס裬쳤ͷ
˴
Ƭ͸һȻºܺߣǼ˺üŰԼȥƬϸոտ޳ˮ۶ȶȸˡ
Чõ㡣ϸϸƬ
Ҳû˽˿ˮЧҩ̲סЦȫ¶ǱǸ󱦱򡣡
βʹҡˣ˵ʲʲô
㰡Ǳ
ƬҪðˣֱӹǽں档
βһ¿ɨ
ĨҩȻûôãѾȫˣ߻ϴ
ʱѸɻؿװ˯ţ˺ȥرʵ
û뵽ᣬһ϶鶼ת
һҹԾɷȥò˯š
˯ıƽնҪѾˣӷ϶͸Ĺ
֮˵Ƿ϶Ϊһž޴ĺһضڴǰԼαװ´ӡ
էһۻûʲôԣӦһ²ŷԭ
վǶˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱġ
ûش𣬶ǵӴǰ뿪Ųǰ
ƬƽʱһģЩȡ
̫¶ͦߣӦվ˲̵ʱ䡣ֺֺЦصǿɵ򡣡
򷴲ȻϸϸССģȴ൱棺Ǳı򡣡
Ȼߣȴȫͬƺ൱ϲ
ЦЦϣãҵı̫ɰˡ
ˤŬſСצӽס
Цˣƿ´
ϱѾ˰̣һۣŵװҲһӰ·Ҳۡ
ףʲôߵѱʱж۾һƬƬҲ֪ʲôʱġ
ͷβͣβϵģȻ䣬û̫ϡ
һֱϣûעƬŽ˺
ߵߵʱָŴӣޣҰæ
ã£ȳԷ
Թ緹ֶ˴ǰ
ˣֱϺŵĲҲ
Ϊݶֹߺȫ
һվǰ϶ӣΣŽžٸְæŴ򣬻߰æݸľͷ˿ġ
ȻӼªΪܳܵס˶͵ĴݲУõĲ϶ŴӴҲѶȥоԼĻڶҪˡ
βͳԼиߣһ˶ϡ
Ӻ˳ȥˣЧʳߣ졣
Ŀɿڴ죬ֿ˿ϳ˳һС֮⣬ûκ˿ڣҲܿʧˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣϧ̫ûݶȻ´ݶͲҪô鷳ˡ
ͦԼСظҿԡ
Цβ
ʵܶ˲ڹϴӶˣΪڱεʱûд·ġ
ǵɴһֱסڳܾ㱼࣬Ҳܿܶ๫žٶŮŮȻ˴ϲΣʵͲ̫ŻΡ
ôŵ磬ҲԸסԭ֮һ
֮뵽ЩҲΪһֱû·
ݸ˴·
·е㲻̫Ҹһ¡´νǵø·
ֹô⼸Ҳǿܿĵز
̫Ӧ˦˦ϸȹһ׵·ɵ߿첹
ΪչĶӣ·ĳ˺ܿɵTͶ̿㣬ɽҲǴԼ
һ·߶ûУе󣬵ǿܴ
·
ԡ
۾·ƺ̫·е㱿ֱš
·̫ˣԼһҪ˺ƣţһᶼûá
״·źãԼϡ
ӡúŵŵŵϴܡ
һΰڰڵվӲһֱվ˾ǰ
̫ܺãеĺӱյ
ϿʼЦݣЦݾ͵ȥնӣ·Ȼϵ⡣
ƺѾܾúܾûôؿˡ
Ȼһһ֡
վһһС˺;е˶ӡ
Ȼ˿װܺÿܾ·ɫǳһͺˡ´ȥǳɫĲ·ϵ壬ͷۡϲô
ԾɶžԼҡͷϲ
·ϲֻǲϲ·µԼ
ס۾뿴Ͳˡӻû޺ãǼȥ޴Ӱɡ
˵ת»صǰ
Աȸոյ࣬ʱͷԼΣԼֱۣҲͻ
Դû˵ʲô
鲻һһϦܸıġ
޺ôӺҪѵ··λ·Ż
İѵ·ڵϣϸϸذ·һ£æµ죬·ԽԽҡ
㣬ۡ
ۺ·ڳ¹һǡ
Ժ㣬Թ·ҲԷĶߣʲôԡ
ʲôԣ
԰ĵġ
۾Щ·Žȥģְ֮ǰƬµĲóŽȥ¶Ц
ƻǽ𴲾ȥҽԺ֪µ鵽磬ٳ̫ˣֻܵˡ
ʰóĹתȥ
ȥһȥҴ¹񿴿ٹſڿæµˡ
ǲǶˣȼôһܳˡһһߵ
λԴ뿪ԺΡ
Ƿµģⶫǰ߹ĴΣߵĴεʱͣס˽Ų
컹ûм¼
ԥԥǰֺˣÿη֮ضһء
ҡ
һһкתˡ
ȥɨ裬Űȥû֡Ϊհ죬øĳ˲ֱӷ͵նϡ
ȥʹӳ
ãҲᵽԺ
Էˡ
צסӣŵ㽹صԣ
ʵݷĵһʱͿˣе㲻ҿ
Ϊһ϶ݣɵʾĽʱǽʵʵסˡ
ÿһڣֻȥ˶̶̼Сʱһʮ
ʮһΪԼˣϸϸǸ
һʮòһر׷ֱ棬ܿ
ԣһҹ֮ʮԣ֮ԻôֵԭҲǸйأ
˵ôʳô˶ûãԵķֵ˶ʳѹͲá
ͷȴŽһֱԼ˵Щ׹
ͷԼϵƬĬĬعߣĬĬسŷ
˵Щʲôƭ˵ûб仯ƭûʲô壬ȵ𴩵ʱʹˡ
Ĭس극ԺӾͷɽվŲˡ
ıӰе㱯ˡ
̾ųʣµӽݡ
߽ʱŻĺˮ̧צӡ
ԼԲȫزסĶӣͻȻݺץȥ


 23 

צӷǳ, ˲һƬͱˡצ⳶ƬƬҲűۿžҪӲ˺
Ҳ, ôֱ㶵ק
ƺǾãֻҪⱻԼȥˡЩȫʧ, Ͳôªˡ
ẓ́ϴٳȥ, Էʱıе㵣, ʱ, ͣҪԲС
ֻ˲־˳ȥҪȥο䡣
Ȼ߹ȥͷ˴ĺɫ֮һϤѪζ
͵سǰȥƬմѪƬʱʱͷˡ
צȫѪ˺ĵطѪֹƬ˦ڵϣ̧צ, ٴ˺ȥ˼
ڸʲô
ûԼʲôز˲û᲻Żˮֻرס̧צӡ
ô
㶵ؿûп, һᶼûС
۾ǴĺɫƽӯˮƵաжˮ, ܻɢ
ڣ˫۾ʲôûУնģˡ
ǹᣬҪˮû
Һܶġ
ƴҡͷǵģ㲻ǣһ㶼ģҲʲôҪô롣侲һ㡣
ŬŽԼУԼһ㣬滻뷨
˵ôʲôҶϲɰ򰡡
ûʲôӦǱӵһУߵһжҲ
ΪԼʱŬһôǲôȰ򶼲ǰһӦʱҲž
޳ˣҪţ޳㡣
ߴתĻţֻһֱԼĶӡ
˺ĵطѾѪˣ˿¶棬
ٴֱ̧ۡ
סצӣƽնצչ絶ܿ컮ֱۡ
ҪҪһ㿴ҡ
Ҫסצˡ
谭֮ޱػ˦
վλþɽǰˣˮˢޱȣһվȥ
Ƭ·޴ʯͷȻԭء±ˮײûôˣʯͷԾɻˣҵͷǺֻء
ڿץȴʲôûץסֻüһ򡣡
Źһ룬Ҳ롣
նգӵ״̬лعը͵سǰһٶȷɿ죬̶һ˲ͳ
ʯͷϣȥϡ
צӻסһͬˮζȥ
û뵽ʱѹŷſϡ
򡣡
ӦԲ𣬶ԲҺûˮйբţ޵˼㡣
Ҹǡ
˵ţϰתҪˮС
һץסצӣצٴλƤץû֡
׼Ҿȥ
Ծɿ޵޷֣ȴҲزҶôͷ
Ҫ㲻Ҫȥң˵ġ
ֱۺϵˣצƴצӻ߬ţ뽫Լצ
ҵĻôʡ
ʵصͷ
Ǻã
ԹǰŲ˵㣬ǰŲ˵㡣
ˣɿҡὫצس顣
һֱ㶵ض
ԽԽԽԽ飬ȫһš
ͻȻ֣һޱ˦λá
ۣʵָۣովͱƵĵطѪֱ
ҲԼ֣ôָԱߵĺɳƵɤԺٸԲΪֱ뿪Ҫٻˡ
ס
Բ𣬲ˣҲߡצȥסȴһ˦ˡ
⻹һ˦
¼ˣҲºڣھȻΪһ仰µ
һţвҵСغ֡
Ҫӵҡ
תͷȥĻĵ޷
һܹԣҪӵҡ˺ܾãٴξ̣һĻ˵
ߣٴСצȥ֡
ֻǧһʹ޷֪
תͷͿѾ޳ˣûסǰס
ף㲻ǹҲģһˣʲôҶܣû㣬ôԲ˺ֻԼ͵ˣҿԼֽţܽô
ĸ첲ʹҡͷҪʹ
ոôʹƤ˿ϰ˰
壬ͰͰɵصᣬôˡ
ʱãϵļҪһҽĲء
ϻʹô
ҡͷʹ˿ı飬ѸٸĿڣһ㣬һ㡣
ΪЦֺܿסЦʹһųԡؼң㴦һ¡
򵱼Ц
ͻȻãԼֲֳó󲻳ƺûôҪˡ
ڿȥɲǣȽԼӸ¡
ٴסĸ첲ûб˦ˡ
Ǹ첲ϵ˿ڣؽԼԴȥһεĺֱϣһ߿һ߶
ʹʹܿͲʹˡ
Լ㱿˶ĳ䣬һ߿һ߸Լ˿ڣҰοźܿͲʹ
ǰô
һᣬϵѪˮɾˣ˿ڲټѪ
˲᣺ѾˣҪٿˡ
ô
ġΪңͲˡ
Ŀˮ۾ض

ţ

ôˣ
ߺߣҺʹʹҲʹһеζ
ʹצӣ֪պαص
򷢳ɻ󣺡ʲô˼
˼ǣץԼʱô֪ʹ
Ҳʹϸϸطرʹء
ֻʱûĸܣҲû˹Щʲôûͼֹ
ЦãˣҪˣҩͺˡ
ϲŸշµҩǰû۵ҩһֱۣˮһºۣһƬҲۡ
ʼĵһ£ǲ˵̫ˣԼŪ
ɵһ˴κۣһҲû֮ޱֱӽĶӰˮ
۲ˣ
գգۣĿڣˡ
ܾƺˣûôˡ
򽫶Ƥ̧յߡѾѪֱ۷
ۡ
ۣˡֲĨѾˣûʲôоһ
צӱ֣㤵ֱּۿʼ¿ˮ֮ѿˮĨȡ
Բ𡣡
Ҷ˵û£һֱǸ
ģԭһĨˮʧˣԼĪĿˮЧҪá
ˣĨŪϵˮɾˢˢ롣
ҲûͣϢԶġ
һֱߵĸģֻճֿСè
Ұæ
ô
Ŭ쳤צӣֺֽܲԼΣϧҲֻ̨ôһ㡣
ΣܾҲӴǰ˵㣬˵֮ǰӣԼĪ롣
ÿβԭγ֣ȴڳ߳
֪ʲôôô֣ѵǲǲô
ˣæˣȥԼİɡͷ
ѰţҪȥҵվһ£ϧοССģȴûмֺһվҪֻܰͰ͵վһ߳Ų뿪
ʱҲѾˡ
ͷ򣺡ȥҽԺһ塣
߸Ҳ֪˵ʲôûУֻŵͷ
Ͱ͵ӣ̲ס̾˿ǸСӣһģϹڡ
¶һڼϸҲСˡ
Сʲộ
ԼСצȻͷССصҳˡ
ţ⡣
ңʵӦѾˡŬ˵Ϊ֤һͦظ
ЦСӣôܳꡣ
Ϊʲôˣ
Ƭ̣ǲˣǣǸһͬģѾˡԣҲóˡ
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ǰΪΪֲ̫űΪΪҲʼȷˡ
Ҫôһͬģˡ
֮ͬʱ䶼һҲгж̡¶ˣЩܻ꣬Щֻж̶ʮ꣬һʮ궼С
ǰǸͬһô
գգۣ֪˵˵ԥԥصͷ㣬ǰɡ
Ǻһֲ²Ͳ̫ˡ
ʣпҽôΪʲôԭǲǸһֱʹйأ
ͷҡҡͷ
֪
ţ
ҽ˵֪֪ʲôԭ򡣡
ʲôƨ뱬ˣʲôҽԺҽ
˵ֻ̲סɴ۾شָңҲ֪ŵʲôƨûŵ
һЦˡ
ˣҽԺУǻһҡ
һ磬ݲݳԹ緹˼ʰһȥ
ûװҲ壬ٶȺλƵذûɳپ롣ȥһࡣ
ϴΣεʱһСʱ
ȷʵ࣬ƽճ̯λûʲô˹ܣֺģڲʱţͷ˴Ѳߡ
Ҳ˱ˣǽȥʱһҪʲô
һ۵ɹ
Ƿһʮ󷽽ǮֱҽԺȥ
ĸ磬ֵĵطĪҽԺʱҽԺǰͦŴ˸ַ壬ͬϼһࡣ
ͨͨұǿͨ
ұߴǶֶϽŻǲصˣʱ󲿷˶ѡΣҲǻﶯıѡô
һ̨޴ϳһֻӵľʹȥĿɿڴ
ҲͷһҽԺǰǴõʱҲû
˷źЩãȻվſڡ
˸ϬţվǰָߣǺﳤָӰ
վʲôҪͽϽߣſڡ
Ͻǣֳȥ
ҽԺȳռĽֲ֢ĿĿֵĺϸ
ʶҲ֪ߣǣػصѯ˺ܶˣҵҽ̨ڹϺߵ⡣
ڼһֱǣţûгҲûпܡ
ʵӽ˳֮ЩĬ
צӣţҽһ¶ѣܿͻˡ
ߺƬĸ첲
ССʣܲܲû¡
У㲻Լô
롣ߺȴԽԽСֻܽǰϡ
Ŷӵ˲٣ǿܿ죬ûþֵǡ
ҽǸˣͷȫףʲôûκ
΢ģܹ龭ḻ㡣
ҽ֢״һۣôչҿ
ŲŲֽ߬ģӲС
Ƭţҽһ£ܿͻõġ
򻺻βͣȴʼûнԴ
һᣬҽŸƴɨһᣬݵͦҲܽצƬӲйûԲ䡣Ҫȥͷļ飬ٳѪһ»ɡ
ֵطкܶ༲ģϾ⡣ΣҲβãǮŰţûǮͻȥ
˭ǣ˭ǳֿɱĵط
ҽĿ൱ͬ顣
һ˵ҪѪצһƬУȥԥҲûУûס׷˳ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ܿ׷ˡ
ĴҽԺôͶǰһվʲôˡ
ȳкܶܶ˷ӣôСһ˹ߣһ˷֮ԺĴͲˡ
غţģ
ҽԺѲӵϬţǰֹ벻ҪҽԺ
Ҽҵ̶ˣûмأǿźɫ򣬴ôߡ
Ϭţۣſָָǲǣô򿴲һΪҽԺ˻µܣŲȥء
ԭûԶ˴֮һֱſڡ
˿л֮첽˹ȥ
ˣôܣһҲ˸ô죿
صԲܲܣܲܲҪѪ
ԭȻ³Ѫֱ֪˵ʲôźˡ
ŪԼʱô£
ߺ˵¡
ҪѪۣۡѾʦͨѧƤˡ
ΣѪô飿
òúòãۡץסԼƬϣۡ
һֱûɿڣѪô
ûãڲУ˵ԭ򣺡ܣѪᱻ֡
Щˣ˲׹ʹͷôܴ鵽
λצӸ϶𰸡
㵽ʲô壿
˿ޱȽ䱸ؿܣҽԺһֱһᱻ͵Ŀտط
յߣСС˵һ֡

лҪ˵Orz

 24 

һʱΪԼˡ
㶵ؿ, е͵ʵ˵ʲô
ô

ôвҲ̫˵㣡Ƕһ㣬Ƕܶܶ࣬˭Ҳûϵһ
ǲ, ʵǳ棿ܣͳķ, Բ
Լצӣ̧ʪ, ⷴӦеѹ
û˵, ôֵͷ, ȥ
˿³֮ڽ
Ǹ˵еĻ֣
ѹˮѪô
ȻѾǼʱܹĻǵƣǼʵ۹λĻʵ۾塣
񵽵ĲʲôҲʲôǻ壬ֻǲܻС, Ҳ
ֻǣڽ֮Ͷӡȫˡ
Ƕ򣬶ǶЩ塣
Բеǿ, ֱǹ˽ġ
ɿ״̬뵽ֻһȺɺĿСˡ޲ýһһ, Ҳһʹࡣ
ſֱסҡҡͷ˵㡣ֻǴûмеԾѹôҾԼˣˡ
͵̧ͷʪ۾Ź⣬ҶŲʺɫ¶һҫ޷˵ĵز
ԾǰһߣЦȴһϣƬ͵񡣡
˵ǣҵ񡣡Ц
Ȼ֪壬ϵ֢״͸ˣ涼鲻ܶҽ϶Ѽԭ
ѹһֱܣҲѹѪ
֮ǰǰɣôģ
򵱳ͻȻԺе㻳ɣǱӵİɣ
Ϊ˷ֹܣΧǵزһ֪ķ⣬ڲ뿪
ûֻǴġ
̫˵ȥ£ողŹһЦݺܿҰȥ
׶ǣǣ˵ǹҪҴߡҴӷɴܣ·кܶණڱըΪҪˣȻҾ͵ˣ󿴵㡣
ͷһ˵ôĻ˵ʱ۾ȼ
ԼԼ
һνӴʱĿˣԭʱŪġ
ˣҲʱ򣿡
һĬϡ
ѾˣȫˡſƤƬ⡣
õ⣬̲סֱס˶ٿࡣ
ָǿ󣬲ܶѶͦˡ
ϵ׻ָĲʲôʱܺ
ҽԺɣѪˣԲô
ߺһᣬͬˡ
ȼǾȥ
һһǣػҽԺԲܿ죬Ӿܳ
ű棬һһεԲȦԼϽѧˡ
ͷ£ûʲôص
ϵĽ֣Žȥҽ¿¡
ҽۿһ᣺ӽԲûκβ䣬˵ǳԲ˶ҪԾڷǻɣǵ׼ֲ֢ҪƣѺܾ޴󡣴Ҫʮ⻹ֻǱعơ
ҽ·㵽Ϊֹ
ʵοԲ⣬ѾѾǧˡֻҪ˭ҪѪ
ĵ׳˳ûʲôӦһۣҽлǣ˳ȥ
ǰʱҲʡ
һĽ⣬Ѫ飬Ҳһ
ҽѧܽûκëͲʹԭ
еңҽˮƽǺôΪʲôô鲻ԭǿǣʲô
ǿҲлô
ôãô
ֱ˵һ䣬diss˭ĺܲкˡ
˱˵߳ҽԺҪ˲ֱۡ

񣬴壬Щͷ־ĵ⡣
ȰȥԴ
̫ϾˣֶûͲˡǮҲټպϡ
ܿ죬οϿҲûߣڵš
﹤ֻˣβ󣬿Ǿð£β͵Ƥһϡ
ԸĹ̺ܸȤһֱڶԷ߳ȥ
ȵϺһȵعϣһƨˡ
ѵˣٶȷʵȴǰ࣬Щ˷ܵػСצӸк
ˣɣҪˡ
ǿȳǿеʱ䣬ֵƽնҪ֡
˶ĵطԾЩ£ϣֿߣץס֮󣬾һֱתͷܿȥնҪһЩ
ǰûйô
λ壺ûУ׶ǣûмС
޵۹ٷ֮ʮŵĿɾסǶмУ׶ǡҲֻ׶ûֵط
ڴ󲿷׶ǾУ˶ӣ֮Ҳиǰĵһӡ
С󼸺ǶҪôɽҪôǱĳطҪôǱĳЩʵС
ܳŵĻ֮٣׶Ƕûһ飬͸˵ֵطˡ
һγıֺ˺ܶ࣬ᆪµſ߲ͣʡ
ʱѾ˼ϣǳĽֵͬʱжܷɵ£·ʿŲܴ·ܽ뼯С
ֵѾӵ
ǽ߲ˮˮģҲϴ̯ĵط
ۣǸʲôǳôڸʲôָһа׳ǯӵĶʵ
תͷȥǸˮףĶﳤرϺʱֻý˶Ϻڶţͷλװˮǹһһɹɸ߸ߵˮϺȥ쳣
էһξ뵽ϴδޣ޳Ȫ¡
ЦϺǳ档ϺйϵͳϣڴܻżʱϲŵԷϡ
һܵŵı飬С۾ҲɵƽŲŲС࣬Զһ㡣
Ǹܰɾ
Цǰߣǰ滹ƵģԶԶһ㡣
̯ǸˣССģлɫĶϸβͣͦӡԱ߻վŸ߰ŮŮϸһɫǳëǶβͣź
̯λϰźü˸ߵĴ̳ӣһ̳ӿ˷⣬硣
ʱֵľǾ˶ҪͣƬһƴߡ
̯һһšϹŵľƺݺݹһڣٵݸߵŮŮҲ͹һڡ
򿴵һᣬ˾ͺһƣĿɿڴ
㣬ǾôԴҪ̳ˡ
Ǿƣȹô̻ǲҪˡ
ߺ̯ߵŮɻصҲ̡
ⶼѾѧᶥˣС
ĶζȤһֱζ
ϲ
һʽɵЦ㣬šеΡ˵ɵЦһλͬһתȦ
òԣƬ¶ȲߣۿɼƬ͸˺
ԭȻžˡ
㣬ö࣬ÿġſСצӱס
ЦõظϽ뿪
ͣڷڴ˺һᣬ˹
Լոյ״̬һԼ
ˣȥɣǱǵӲƷҸҲնˡ
ӲƷֵкܶ඼ǶֲƷоɣµĴǴӲóģ˵͵ɵרչĶֵ̯ӣ˵㣬ǰȫˣҲû̫ۺ⡣
תһȦҵһͦȫĵ̡
ûˣϰ˯졣ϸ˿ӣ滭һԲȦ֪дʲô
ͷ̨иССͶӰͶӰһֻǳɫʨ׺ݵؿķظ׼ϰ˯Ҫȥ㣬Ŷ
вЦ̫Ŵèˡ
ͶӰеʨӶƬ̣ƬըҲߺ߳ʨӽһһ䣬Ƶġ
°ϰ峳ѣϽ˻
̯λﶫ۸񶼱棬һųµնˣǺɫģɫ䡣
ϲô
̧Լצֿôڴеʵҵģ
ǰģϲô
ϲ
նҲҪӽǧɫԹһ㣬ʹظǮ
ڿԼצӣĸ첲ֱ۷һ𣬺ϲز˲䡣
һ
ǼϺѣԺֿҲʱͨˡһ߸һߵ˵Ҳû̧ͷûעոջܿĵ˲䲻˵ˡ
צϵնˣ뽫ӳȥ
ȵҪʱŷе㲻ĵӣצҲǣˡ
ôˣ
СҪֿ
ԭΪʧЦûҪֿԺݺҲնͨ
һǳƺͦ棬˲ֿ
ӲƷкܶС͵Сĵײˣ׾ͱϡ
ʱǻż˶ǣһֱת
ʵõĿԣֶϼۣûбߡ
ӸסնˣߺݺݵЩˣ塣
߱ҪУͿЩˣʹצڿл˼¡
Щ˼ɵֲ֪ϸģôɵôһƶʱǰ
צӡ
侲㣬ֻܡ
СѲһǳȺӵģ¡
˻ȥֱ忪ԶȻЩϡ߲ʱһһ̳׺ݡ
Щ˱öԭزҶֱǵԶŻعݺһ䡣
λ֣ڿʲô
ߺһһ˵ؽԼϡ
ұ㡣ſ̴ֵצӽס
Цð̫ɿˡ
ֱͦţԼϡɿ
Ժҵİȫиˡ
գգۣŵ
ڼתһȦѼݵ̯ӣѱĹĸͱҰҪСһȦģźǰûʲô
Ŀ̯ȻҲֻԴжһļڣͷһͷһǼëͷ׹󣬴Żڵ·ͦ
̯췢һϤļУļǹʳЩСƺԼĸףǳѸٵشյߡ
ιպи˿򼦣ԷҪп顣̯ץסһֻѪëƿնɿ顣
һǰҲͼӣЦݵؽ⽻ͻϻմѪ
üֱ֪Щʲô̬ŲͨﵱԼͬ塣
һ֮ûпݣǰȥ뿴ۡ
̯кҪ򼦻ǼЩǽ³ģرʣһ㶼ȡιҲԵ䣬֤ʿڸ㡣Ҫĸ
Цһ²ŵֻĸȥô
ֿ̯Ц˼ֻһֻСʮޱһֻһϡ
ôԷܵòӪֻĸֻ̣һСļ
ϣҰװ
űŵԼߵļֻƬ΢΢ſ
ë׵СǲĸߣСࡣ
˰ָкܺõС̣ŻǣŹȾͲˣⶼҪŸ㲹Ӫġ
צֲߺ󣬲ԡ
ЦצӣãˡҪúĵԻǮ
Ǯû̫Ҳ֪ǮҪԣֻΪѵصͷ
ûڼйͣתȥ˷װ꣬˺һЩ·֮ĵꡣ
ȳҲƽĵط
ֻǣ˽Ϊ˼Σкܶ˹Ϊء
ϾǸʵΪĵطθߴȭͷӲվڸߵĵط
ļʷ̫ԣԼҪѯһרҵʿĽ顣
ҵһƬǽұռܴ
ʱڽˢˢؽת˹ðض
ұߣͼסԼ
£ûµġҲ߶þƬ̡
ĵĵԱӭǸʵ׳ӷǳߴ󣬽ӽ׵ӡ
ǹģ
ģ˳ѯһ½£нָô
Ŷ룬֪λ˭ԱλҪ
ָָ򣺡
Աɴ۾Ҿͷǳ׼ǳο϶ܺÿȻҲٽ׳һ㣬û⣬Ƕרҵģľġ

ʲʵġ
ǣˣʵġ
⻰һ䣬ڶ߻˶Ҳͣ
Աŵס죺ʲô˵ʣҪôλʲôţλѣô׼ôô벻ҪأҸ㽲һ㶼䣬ոպãۣƬҲ̫ϸ̫⻬ˣôģצҲüĸ׵޵ģܽһô
ٴΣ
ĲʺƨбҪٽѧϰһ¡


 25 

ǰһֱɪŵһͨ, ˺һᡣ
⻹ǳ֮⣬һˡ
һӦţɻ, ôӲǺܶôǲƭ
˵ʲô, š
سŲŲߡ
ߡС
⣺ϲ
, ƭӡɨ, صǵԱ˵ɨ
ҲǱⷴŪЩ֪, һ׹òÿ˸ӵʵǿǿӲӲײʱǸָ׳׻ʤ
ֹԱԼ˵ˣϽĿڡ
ȻҲмʷ, ĸλ춼ǿԵġλǵĸ߼īƣʲôѯԱ˵һһͷһ, ͦӢ˹
īƳָգֺܿҲǺãҽīơ
ڻ, ûȰ뿪ֻܽһسīƣСצ쿪Լȫǰ
˵ͺܰһ¾͸ˣһʲôҲˡ
򣬱š
Ծɾؿܣзߺ
ҪһרҵָԼϹ϶ˡָǿҲǰ취
ī¿һۣộȷʵЩˡ
С۾ݺݵضش
̽ͷȷʵ̣е㳬꣬ʡ˵ȳרҵĵһҽĵ꣬Ŵ֪ûʲôѵĿԽһ£
չôīƵ£ֻǿһ¡
һߣûκҪ˼
ƬȰ˵ҲûȰ
īû˵ʲôǣѵϵףûãһֻ޴Ļǰ
̬ŵس˹βͰΰڶ΢΢ζ
κܴܴ󣬾Գߡһ˫ǳɫ˫ëɫ˳൱ӡ
ûոջûʲôӦҲһתϵƬȫſ̧צвسڿĻ
Ҳʾصͺ
ȵصǰҲſ쳯ŭ
Ƭֻ̣ͬʱԷײȥ
֪ôͻȻͱˣһ򣡡
ء
ȥڵϣīײó˺üȦҵǽڲסΡ
һĻǰӴǵĵԱЩڽǶûʲôֻԶԶؿţ·ϰΪһ㣬лЩϷɫ
ԿīʱǾȵŴͣ󶼿ȵؿ
ֻʲôҲ̫ˡ
ҲǵһμīƾȻϳ˿ټ
ȥǾӮô
ܸīӲƴǴһҲпܰ
Ǳ۵Ȼ죬ͳͳû
ŵؽһ飬һ˶û֮תͷȥīơ
˽ֵ̫죬ûԭЩ衣
īû°ɣ֪ʲô˼
īƻλԴվײõطۡ
ǸҵΪеͻȻֻ뿴һ͡
ǰʱͽߣβһֱң߻һֱīƣֻҪκ춯ٴγȥײϡá
īû˼һαΣ˦˦Ծڷʹļִɳµ״ϣָֻǸģ
Ҫͱô
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ԭīƲΪ˱ģֻ뿴ѣǰܿܣְ취
˿ǵģҪ
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ͶӰ޴ĺɫĸЩһѾ֪īǲǹġ
תͷ򣬾ͼһſĥĥ
ﻹк͹İ
Ͻֹˣѵô
УһרΪƶÿһѵʳһ¿ǿڵѵÿ춼ڣרŽָǲסڳУҲԶָֻûĵĻЧûôá
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ã󷽵ӳȥ˺ų̈ۺ͵ļһרҵѵƻ
ͻţǲҪϡ
ǰīƿ˿ԾɶԼкܴ򣬶ʺܺãǳǿú˵Ǹӡ
˵ĺָʲôҪԼȥʲô
лл˵ɡ
뿪ĵһֱϲ˵СצϵƬҲߺƵģһ
ڶѧˡ
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һ
ΪʲôģΪôʵ
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İûԼĶһҲûУУҲܿ챻ˡ
ҲԼʧ
ģףʲô˵ʲô˵
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ǰʱ֣ԭⵥ˸ڣ˺öֲͬζըţŶӵĴÿըŵĶһϡ
Ƶǿܻӭ
Щ֮û꣬ΪѾˣԱæýŲմأֱ÷ɵͲ͡
ϰضվڹ̨кˣЦüۡ
ôڿΣԼֻҪʮʵǿˡ
ȻҲֻпһ£׬ǮҲǰضı¡
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꼯УҲ֡
ź˰ڵӲƷֿģһֱǵתǼˡ
Ѷڳſڣ˳ʱͷŶԷҲ֪ڿЩʲô
ȥʱЩһŹֲôơ
ü֪ôˣֻװûֱӴ߹ȥ
ٶȷɿ죬ƽҪСʱֻһСʱ͵˼ҡ
صϤĵطҲ˿
ȻܺãһȺ̲סţǿҵĸУϽ롣
ǰһֱܾȲȥʵҲֹǾóΣա
ʼվԼǸˣ˼꣬ҲԾɽԼһһߡ
֪ԼͣãΪԽǧٿ׵ȫˣҲ֪ԼǲĺˣܻãҲһͻȻ뿪ˡ
Ҳ磬ֻشԼԼ
ÿȺʱʼվԼ࣬ʱʱ̿ҪԼαװɺһĴڡ
̫ˡ
˻ֱۡ
عЦЦ۲ۣôҷźöȥ
ƨɺæϵĶ
θ˲·ЬӺñӡԭֳ¹һǱ
˷һ·̲סֿЦ
ֻ򱻷ԣǰû뵽ҪҲûŪѣֻȹ
˵С̣ʵҲͱȵĸСôһ㣬ϳǳɫëС̷ǳɰֲǿ̲ס
뿪ӱ߳ǼֻСôô˳ۡ
ģżߴߴצȥСϵë
һģסˣҲůһһСһ㶼ȥرɡ
ѹϲ
ЩɥصͷԼϵƬһҲůƬǱּӲ
ضڼԱ߿һᣬ͵ݡ
֮һСӴ˳ϴŸ·ֻ·ˣҲǣЩš͵ذϡ
·ƽӲȥ
ռʳ׸׼ͣһ̧ͷСվ۰Ͱ͵ضԼʱĶҪˡ
ôˣұ
첽ȥĴ˵㣬·ûãżһմûӵĿӾôһѿˡ
СӸոջĽŲӲԭء
άǸƣͷԼ
Ӵɲһֱߵţضزס
һ߿޳ɱתȥ
粽ǰһסֱۡ
ܡ
򱳶һͷ
ûµģʲôû˹㣬ҷһ¾ͺˡûãȥһɡ˵Ž´ãң¿ӡ
ȫǳɫ·Ƥرɰ
ƬڵĸһκƤ׵ĸհ˿ǵļһҲǺˡ
ˣ̫֡ŻĿӡ
ҡͷ·ܻƵģоɰ
˵̲סһ£ĺӣʵ̫ˣཱུģһ
Լϵ⣬Ҳȥ
ֵͣģϧʵ̫ɰˣһʱͣ
ԲˡҪȻҲһҵġȵͣʱŷεؽԼŲ˹ȥ
û֣չȥظһ£۾ؿ
ϲô
ôϲرϲǱ̫ɰˡ
գգۣ֪Ǻ߻ʲôССʵǣϲСϲң
㶣׹ΪʲôͻȻΡ
ǳȱȫкͬУԼԱĹעȳʱͻ᲻Һܺ±
±סͷһ£һһظǿҪԼСȣκζȲ㣬ôҪϲı򡣡
·ߵЦˡ
緹սãĽľ˹еֻܷԺ
֮ǰīƽ÷ˣ̨ԭεضܳܵסʮֶģʽ˹ȥЩĵãõԴʲô׶ζʹá
ʯͷҪȫˣ˶ȥԡ
īƻһƵ̳̣ȷÿλ
˺һűԭȥ
Ϊжһ֪ˡԭӦöһСʱĽ̳̣ӲԼӳʮӶʮӡ
ǿнͣ
һڿεǿȲ󣬵Լ͵͵һСʱϵƬȫſצӶе㶶ꡣ
ЩۣʾҪݾֻŰżȥ
ˣϢһ£ȵˮҸ
æǰæظιˮĦצӡ

ǵʣţôˣﲻô
λԴҲ˵Ц
Ц¶̲סҡҡͷҲøˡ
ۿϵЦһһ࣬Ҳֳɾ͸кԺС
һγȥʱͲٽˡ
ȫѬˣٷһʱ䣬߲˵ʱҲȱ
滮һÿճ̣һֵͣغʹ֮⣬ָԼһ
ʶ֡
뷨Ժãлȥȥ
һʱ䣬һһ£նʦʼڿΡ
ǰΪֻ˵˵Ҫˣŵֱӣ㶼Ƴˡ
ңҲС
ԵģֻҪʲôʲô˼ͺˣǽֻѧһ֣ô
ʵնԴϵͳҲѧ֮ҲһҪܺ˼롣
צӣŵصӦһá
ƺܾʲôָһԲȦʵ
ޡǣ˵ޡһۺ
Ȼ濴ԲȦʵ̫ѼˣҲԲȦֱ֣Ϊ̵ͬλƫϻƫ£Ҳɲֻͬ֡йɿԣ־ĺ޹ˡ
ϸڵϻһᣬʵϹѧô
ҡͷУҲûС
ţôѧϰģʦ
ϸʼϹ죬һ죬ϿεʱҺʹǾͲѧˡ
̲ס۵Ƭ
Ȼأôѧֵģ
գ۾ã޹ıһͼסˡ

ԭǸĿСš
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һΪʲôͻȻԼ
㾹ȻܹĿֱͯ
ߵ˺צûûУǶô
ҡͷȻǣֻкٺٵ˲ܹĿЩ˶ţǸš˵㽫Ϊء
̲סɴ۾֪ǿ־廹ʲôͻȻɪһ£һʼҡͷ
ܵģ
лҪ˵QAQ

 26 

ƺǶԹȥºܼɻ, ˵һ֮ٲϿˡ
Ȼֲ֪Ը𲻿ĵ, ֻգû׷ȥ
ܴǰʲô, Ժ󶼲ˡԺҪĵģһ򡣡
һ, ֪뵽ʲô, ˻ŵͷ, Ӧš
Ҳף˺Ѿγɣܹȥ˺۶ʧ䵭һЩŲȥľǾٻЩ
һߣļĵ꼾Ҳʼ뿪üһ꣬һһߡ
֪ǲȦ̵Ϊ, Դ֮һֱãûš
ʱԶԶܿһЩ޴ĶſԶڵƽλõĵط, Ϊ̫ԶˣҲʲô
ȵǰ뿴׵ʱЩͻܿ뿪, ·ڼɵЩʲô
û޴ţع
õͨ⣬ԺһҲҵңͬһҲ
ώˣģˮڸϳˣ̯ҲһѣҪǷѺ̯λѣҲû׬ʲôǮͬʵʵĵԼ
һҪͻÿξʱ򶼻æȥ
Ϊܶ๩һЩˣԺ߿һ˵ء
Ȼޣǰһ޵ôôףʱûЦ˼ҲԽԽ٣װСϣһţڶγˡ
Ҳ֪ǲں̫ΣӰӲݳñ˻ҪˣҪȥһ
Ҳף׵ͻȻˮԾΪԼ߿˺ࡣ
¹ÿ춼ҪºӲһ㡣
ʢһɫƬıⳤ㣬ͬƬһǰɫʺۣһŴûһС̣ը㶼൱ζ
ԷÿҲܶһȥ
ҲһֱӱߣһƬ߸ߵǽֻ¼ҡ
ÿ˳ԺȶչЩιʳ񵰡
ĸӦ죬ϰͿʼˡ
ļֻܴĵҲ˫ƴСһһŵҪٲܳԵꡣ
һοĸµĳʱϰ졣
ͦЩռʱߣû¾͹ǳ򣬳ĸͣУŲɱ
µĵ̬ͻȻһٰʮȴת䣬˼ʳȥι
Щ졣
㲻ˣ
Դᣬ
СأҲô
ߺСС⣺ ᣬϲɫ
ȫǶɫģɫů̫ܴʱȥһſ޻һᷴ⡣
ͷһ֪ϲɫҲϡ棬ִ˵УͨϲĶϲң˯ڽɽϣסҲ̻Իͽ
ɫǵĽɫ𲻴
˻ɫ㻹ϲʲôɫɫô
û뵽ʳ֮͵һ£ʹҡҡͷ
ϲɫ
һԤϵĻش⣬ɫͽɫҲ̫ɣ
㻹ϲʲô
ɫɫɫ
˵ͷ˿Լĳ˽ɫǺɫӻɽԼڵȻȴϲˡ
Ϊͷ۾Ǻɫģעŵʱ򣬾һ
ͷһ֪ԭɫҲôů
кɫ
գЦԭϲɫһϲҶϲ
һӾͿ
ÿæļɨäҵҲڼѵؽС
ʵ̫ˣΪֹܼסһ˫ֶĹ
ͲʲôţҲֻܷӲÿһΣٸϰϰʱҪն˷ԱߣЩһᡣ
ѧֹҲֻôοԼ
ѧץԱ߱޲ýԼļһ
˰죬ԼնˣãҲ֪ôҵģҵһ׶ʶֽѧ
ǵ粻ͨ׶ʶֽѧҲǱԱģûôϸҲԼϹҪǿ
ǰĽѧγ̣ʹԼͷ㶣ͷŬСצצһ˱סʹƬס
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ߵò֪룬¶㿪ͶӰصˣôͨƬߣؿ顣
ûûС
ʵƬûиоģҲǱĵطܸоһƬů⡣
ãˣá
˽ѧ̳̺ʦҲû¸ڣԼд֡
дһҸһд
οһ鱡ʯ壬ʵչľ
Ｘֽʣû鱾ֶ
ʵǴ󲿷˶ֶֻдΪддֵ֮١
ᣬᣬд൱ÿӡһԲǳ׼
ܺãдд˵˵ЦЦһ͹ȥˡ
Ķʱ䡣
ĶƻһСʱӳСʱÿζԼ۵ƣſͣ
ɼˣҲûеһһԾÿһٶ
ΪǸ׳Բˡ
ΣһһҪһ㣬ѾģˣԾ֣ɸͷ˲٣е׳׳֡
֪ԼûиоҲҸÿһεĲԺ󶼸غȶ
΢Щʧ䣬´ٶʱԾɺܻŬ
īƺܸΣʺһ¶û˵صֻ˵оá
СӿʼеˣԴ൱⣬κʱʱ·һ£һ¡
㿴㿴
СӣԺ϶ɰ˿鸹ر˧
Цɬֿġ
һЦȴޱȵǣԼڼֵһ죬ʱôЦô
֮߱⣬ͷǳǳĹİҲڱ
һ£ͷ㿪СŶͷ
ãˡ
²Ӧ֮ģֻǣƺûнǰɣ
ѵǶ
˽ǣϲû
͵͵նϲãҵһǰĽܡ
ֻ֣ص㿴ͼ
Ӧλε۹Ļʵۡ
ЩǣֻǽɫģӲӣͬһĿէһΪ
նõĻر죬һͼȴСͶͶӰ
һ룬һֻ޴ĽɫƯڿСհֻĳ򣬼һϸĵ̡Ƭļβͼצſһ˫ֱֱֱ·
ڶ˫۾ͬʱپһǿҵѹȸкϢϮ񵱳ˮȱĸоһ
ԭغһᶼûа취ŲŲ
ǰ²綫Եʱ֪ʲôѹʲôǿ
⻹ֻһͶӰѣ
ĳǰվվȡ
һֻЩΪʲôܵżλܵӡ
̫ˣֱ֮ͬгôһ࣬ѹֲϲ
ǿ϶ûֺγҪѵһôȻΪʲôôƴҪʡ
ĬĬ̾˿ҪͶӰϾͻȻһĽһž޴ĺɫӰ͵س˹ǰ
ϵƬȫſצΪţŭضϿյͶӰϵĳβҲֱֱ
룬˺
ȫ˵ǿţȴڲͣСȲվһĻ
򣬱ţⲻģֻͶӰѡ
۵УصͶӰɵ˼ζûʲôӦ
ЩʧȥǣƮͶӰȥ
ƺǱ˱ľģܿóȫ¶
ǰ󺰣򣬻ֻͶӰģ侲㡣
ײ˽ͷ˹ȥ
һʱûӦٶȿ˵㣬ܿʹӽһ߳˳
е£άųײ㶵ؿŽ
ͶӰѣûΣյġ
תͷͶӰ
ԡ
ʱ䵽ˣеĽ˲䱻ʧ
ʧȥҲѸ׹ٶȺܿ죬Ӳסˤڵϡ
׹ص죬Ҳһǻбĳ
ȥû°ɣ
𣬶ΪԼŷ⡣
ڵϣצβͶشһߣ˺һСصû£ۡ
ô˵˲Ǻ۵ġ
Բ𡣡
Ҳ֪ԲʲôǺҲܡ
չСצӱס£ұ
ʱ˵һ䣬ȫʱº£¸ҵسȥ
оֳһ£ɵ򡣡
ԼΪʲôͻȻɻգգۡ
ǿɵҸô죿
˼һ£ȷʵûʲô취Ҳ򲻹
ɥصͷյشԼ£Ǹܣַŭ־
Ƭԣ´һҪȱԼֻúûţܾҶԲԣ
̧۾ǿǿԣҪ㡣
̾Ϣҡҡͷɾ᣺˵ǿɵϻô
ۡ
վתһȦ̶ֳȵ˶˵ʲô
ŷӦɵ£ǰйˣֻǵͿշУ̵ͣҲ
ʵϸ룬Ҳ
ÿ뵽Ȼúܲ˼顣
˻ɣ㻹ʲô绽ôЩ档
޴ҡͷҲᡣ
ֻʣϽסؼҡ
һ˺ܶ죬ݺĵҪˮǳʱģԺݺ֮ײӡ
еֲ빴£Բʱصرܿ
˭뵽СĵͶӰͶȻô󣬻Ǳ򿴵ˡ
ôҪͣһ£ոˤˣҪúϢתƻ
áͷһִۣߣССصҡ
ʲô

˼ǿ¡
һ˲е㾪ϲĻۡ
ͼԹȥӱܺ˺Լ˵ؿʼЩӰ졣
֪ԼòüȥĽܶ࣬ķӦ֧زµһЩƴճŵԾһƬհס
˵˵ոôʶʲô
彩Ӳһ£צӽء̧ͷ̫бůԼצӵҲů
ҪµģѾ׶ˣҲû˻Ὣؽʪĵط
ãɬؿڣҵĸף˹˹أǰޡ˹ء
һٿôҲû絽һ
㡭
һֱŸһ֣ɵ͵͵ģ˵Ҳ˹أҲԽ֣ΪҲ䣬͵ȵ涼硣
ǵģŭشҪĹġ
գգۿˮЦһ¡
һˣôϲôƺνˡ
צӣתƻ֪ôֵôǰ㶼ƺΪ֣ʲô˼
ϸϸؽ͵ƺЩԭȴͻأֵ֡һӵǿص˵ǧ֮ǰһģʱ˽ףλΪ
֮ʹ˶һУȺԽԽҲԽԽࡣ
ͨ鼸Ѿûֻˡ
ûԼĸףҲԼһѪͳʲôҲû˸߹
ͷ֪˵ǧ֮ǰһֱè壬ʱûˣжﶼ޷ˣҶԭαڻҪࡣ
һ֮ģҲǿ٣ϲ׶ǡ
ǲ̫֪ǲ˵һ
ʣأ
ǿʵģܲҲԼɹİɣ
˹ظͣԼҲûעźרעǶάͨģض»صصʱطֽڽʱġ
̫Լ׹ԼԼҲһַͨʽԽġ
ֻǴԽȻκĲ㵹ͦϡ棬ѾҪˣû뵽лὡؼ
һԼ֮ŷֽ̫һͷ·һҹ֮䳤ʮ꣬յĽɬ˵ôĻ˵ͷͷǵоȫˡ
ƺһ档
㡭ûоﲻԣʵ
ãȻҡͷʲô
ܱҿôʵ۹߶ȡ
رΣһĺͷ
վ͵͵ֱȻһĸӡȷʵǰָһ㣬Ҳ΢ȴǰһ㡣
ƺǺ˼άҲȴǰҪࡣ
ֻɳٶ˻һ졣
ô
᲻ĳͻȻվŸ


 27 

ԼԲŵ, ټȥ
ʵٶ˵Ҫ꼾ܼˡ
ͦ, ܾ̫ˣе㲻
ĳǰһ𳤵, Ҫˡ
ô޴һ
յץͷûҽ, , Լڵʲô
ҿһ±, ոǲˤˣȻÿ·ۣû࣬ź
λԴѾˡ
Ծɲģݰ˴ϡȻܻ˯ڵϡ
ĴǴ忳˴ԼĥģȫϺõľͷֵǮľⶫ
ڴϣֲҶֻһ˫۾תš
úϢһ¡˴϶
Թñӱ۾, е˵ġ
̲סͷһ¡
˲˸ףϽ߱ӵסԼ
Ȼ뿪֮󣬸ոջԹɺõ˲۾һ˯ҲޡԼն, ҵǰŵĽ棬Ƭá
һ뿪Ӻȣƺûע⵽Լٳ, ǰ·ƹͲܴˣһЩʽһġ
ЩŻصɻ
ܺãһֱû˯ţô۾ڵæʱ䣬ȵʱ̧նˣֻһѵĽ档
ոݣնʾ򿪺ͶӰƮǰֻ¶һ˫۾
Цų˻֣ˣ
š۾һС־Աߵıӣſɰˡ
۳ĺƿӻ´
ûӣն˾վˡ
æ
ˮݸһͺˡ
á
Ȱæ·´ûʱһͬ˹·Ӳţûע⣬͵͵¹·
ǰ·ѾʼЩ̲ˣεʱ࣬Ҳ࣬ʱûз֡
˿֪·ֶܼãҲûס
ÿ춨ʱأǰһÿβ궼һûݣȻǰվһ£ߡ
ԴͼǹƱ³ֹҪЦ
ֵͷϵĸоȴû취
ȻԼ֮ǰһȴȵˡ
һβԼĪȥһҵʱٴγ֢״
緹ʱ䣬̫߸ߵͷ˶£ųŷͻȻһ
һ¿߹ȥôˣ
Ժͣöͷ棺ܡ
ܣͷҿ
ת۾ţͷʹ͡
˵ĶͷҲǳİλãֲŸͷͷǳҵؼһ˶շֱļޡ
Դһ£һûץʹ߹˱ȥ
ײײɽϹ֢״һģһ
־£͸
ǷһϺֱײüײʯϣʯͷ䣬ײ˺üá
βͲͣˤˤѪģƬҲ˺ܶࡣ
ʹһֱûͣлص˾Ĳѡ
ܵҿû취
µƬ˻СõѪض
βʱϴҪܶ࣬ͣǰ壬һֱȫûעΧȵͣʱܶİҲ֪ڵġ
ԱƬܴܴԶŴƬɽѾɽţɽûжɽϹʯᾣǷʯ顣
ʯͣñøβͷʯͷƬһƬƬʯͷѪһأҲ
һֱûͣⳡ棬˵ĸо
۾ȥôҲɾץؿڣһʹ
̳˿һСʱֲȥʱͣ˶
ʱȫ¶ѪģҲһ⣬ϵƬС룬ҺɫʯͷȫȾ˺ɫ
ͷֺףƬҲ˲١
ǰҴ
򣿡
ߣһ˫ͣڿУϡ
Ѫ̫ˣúɫʵ̫ۡ
ҡյСϵѪ
ûκηӦҲ൱΢оһҪϵһ
ò֪룬һεϡ
ۿҺòá
о¶ȣſ쳢ζ̵ġ
û۾ֻһޡ
˲òᣬſսһЩˣ
ΪֻϴǸӣʱҲ̫û뵽Ȼص̶ֳȡ
غߺһᣬմ˿΢һЩ
ɵ۾ûо۽е૵֪ܣϣﶼܡ
ͷ¶ըһܣǧֻڷĹͷƤ⣬һĥԼƬ
ΪʲôҲʲôҲˣֻض
Դ̧һЩƣ°ͷԼϡ
ŻõƬǶԼ˵ˣܿͲˣûˣȥˡ
Ծɱ۾Сߺߣһһۡ
ϵѪѾˣɱǿйεƬĵطѪģƤⷭ
Ƭٳô۵ʡ
ǰʱβϵļƬƬڶûٳ
ص֪
ȷʵ֪ûҲû˿Խ
ԭΨһԶܵĵطƬƬҲûˣֳֻ޴ɶ㡣
뵽Щոô۶ûп޹Ʋסֻں޶ûֻĬĬᡣ
һֽһߵģҲҲһƤٹʱܳˣ³Ƭ϶ӲҲÿ
Ⲣûοĸˡ
̾ӵֵ˿ڴȥ
ûôʹĿˣһֱ޵߲ͣ
һֱĬĬй
ʱѾȥüСʱˣ̫ͷŲߣƲʱȾѤõĺɫɫɫ죬ɫһƬɫ
һ̧ͷͿ׳ȻɫԴָߵ
㿴
ʵزͷȥмֻɹ߸ߵʣɫһͷײɫУһߣƲʱһΪƬչĳһѤá
ĿĵشԶֺܿ뿪·ĲҶˮһȦȦصֵĳԶԶ
һʱͺؼֻʣһ
𺳵ľɫǵһμֻ濴ˡ
ԭɫͺɫȫ˾ᡣ
һ죬ҲЩһƲɰ裬һ޶ҲĺھһжȥҲġ
ָһЩŴͷŸոջմѪˮˮʹϣ˿ֻʣ棬۾òȴᶨһᱳһһ𡣡
㶣գеˮǣá
ԼҲҰοһ
Ĳ֪ôܳŹÿһεķƽƽȵôܿһô
ɫ򻺹һЩ֮˲塣
ȱƬûٽԼųſڰϣԴϣԾɲͷƬϦ
ͷһôȥ磬ǰǻģǿֻҰͷԺû취Ķ
ÿš
Ҳ̧ͷǰ
ÿÿг˱ˡ
һޣǿסˣֻͷװڿ羰
ؼҰɣؼ˯һͺˡ
һ⾰ɫ۾
ʵ̫ˣһβǰÿһζҪҲҪʹࡣ
һ㶼ʹΪߣ
˯źԾЦһ¡
Ϊ֪ߵģ˺Щʱҵҵķ򣬵ȵʱѾȫ͸ˡ
ͣԺûгȥˮϵѪˮ
ѪѾƬϣһһˮԺҲѪˮȫɾ
һУʼûѡ
ֻһˣˮβ˿ϣȻͣУϱӺߡ
ҹ΢Щһֱû˯
ôˣᷢգҹʱʱһĶͷûзȡ
һֱ˯úܳҲûҶ
ֻǣû
һʼΪ̫ˣûк˯һֱȵ磬ȵϣʼնûѡ
ȥһͿڱǰ
ڣܾȣƺֻ˯ˡ
Ҳ˯̫ˡ
Ҳãʼպˡ
һû˯ţһֱڳŲסݵ˯˼Сʱ
ɫʱ˹һʱ̧ͷȥ
ԾάǰſϣҲԾ˯˿ûҪ˼
ȥҽǲʲô⣬ѵײͷʱ˵ӣ
ûҡ
ϾҲܰճƶϣ˵
ǵĵȴһֱ졣
ϵƬɢɢµ
ȻģµƬûˣϸ
ϵҲʼתʱ򣬴󲿷˿ڶѾʼֻ̣Բ⻬򣬴ʱȫ͹˰̣ԭѾܳˣڳ˼־㤡
˿óֻʣ˵ǡ
ڵ˹
һĺߺ֮Ƶ
˼ά̫ãȻؿܣߵʱգգۡ

ˣ˿ǰס
צӻرһ¡
˯֪ôˡڸоôûﲻģ
½һ飬ǷˣҺԡ
壬ȴǰִˡ
ߺʾͦã֮˯Ҳǳе£ֻ֮ǰԼ˯˶á
Բ𡣡
ϵƬʲôǸ
˯˺ܾá
û£ֻˣڲ˯ô
ֽԴ鵽ϣͷССʵΣεˡ
εʲô
ҵ֣˺ö˵ЦЦһڼ
ҲЦɵǲΣȷʵܾã뺰Сˡ
ˣһϰԵؽԼһš
֮ŷϵͺƬ
ôɣǰסƬҲˣûڵûԼˡ
㵵صͷβͣȫͺˣƬµȫ¶˳վӾ֪Լѿ
һӾͱˡ
֪ܣ̾ٴαסûµģ᳤ģƬ³Ƭÿ˵˵ǲɫأԺǿ߲򣬶ᰡ
һ߿һ߻Ҫһ䣺ûûвɫ
ѾյĺùûУ˵аԼǸôϣκ鶼пܷ
λοյĺСצźᣬֹסġô
ûƭɡ
˵Ҳе飬֪ǲǻ᳤µƬǿƬƺҪȫͺȥģδһʱ仹Ҫ䡣
Ҳ˵ıҪܾá
Щ̾ˣôôֶѣԽʲôԽʲô
֪ôˡ
ǲɫô
ģ϶
ԭųһᣬֱѺˣ΢ͣһᡣ
ˡ壬ᵹżźޡ
ֻǿޣûбĹΪˣŷ
ܻҲûʲôá
ûԶˣȥ㷹̫ã۾ۣϢһ¡
գˮ۾ۡ
ⳡƽʱĶҪã·Ҫʱܵȫ޳һԷޣϴʱޣ˯ʱڿޡ
Ļɣ۾һƬ󺣣ôҲ޲꣬һ趼ѾˣһҲװ˴롣
¼Ͳûзˡ̲סҡͷҪ˯ˣ˺òãȻټϢһ£
޵ãõͣ
ıֵˮСԼС̺ĿŲȥ
ס⡣
ҪΰɣξͿˡ
סͻȻַֻһΡ
Ҳסˡ
ֱˣδĺԣѾӽˡӡ
Ծ֣첲СӻǺ⣬һһڵģֻལ˷С
һЩεĳ徣ھȻеÿëܳɫͫżһ˿ɫڷ࣬ĸо
ֻȫû취뵽ԭΡ
㡭·˯ˡ
ûнȱ¶·ϣ˴
򿴿Լĸ첲滹а̣εİûôԣܽܡ
ڲٿˣѺڴͷԹ£һ˫ʪ۾
ԣۣ˯ˡ
۾ջֲ֣ɨͷ
̧̧ջѾ̧ͦˣͷڣһץһͷ

ˡ


 28 

ϵͷ, һӦˣǧܱ򿴵ȻܰӶû
ҿ, Ҹطһ¡ֲҶ̫û˯š
ͷ˴档
˯µʱ, СԼߵĵӣͷܳ
˯źҲе㲻, ҹһ, ˯, ԭΣ൱ɣճȭͷԱߣһҹάһ䡣
ӣٴ˯
ʱһʱԱ߿ۣѾˣűӸסԼ, ֻ¶һ˫۾⣬߾طϣҲ֪˶á
ʲôʱѵģ
ոաСȻᳯ߹ȥСıסĸ첲, Ǹܡ
˵Ͱ͵ģһ仰Ҳ˵
գգۣʲô
ס, ģɬڴ
۾ˮһԽԽ
Цչȥװɡ
ŬԴҲѧĶͷһ¡
۾һתץסĸ첲ཱུϴ˸
סãȻԼô¡
ѾЦһϺӡ
̫ɰˡˣˡ˵˾ĺúһ£ְոġ
չȥһ£ѱͷס
ıӣɣ̫ɹƨˣȥ·
ع´ȥ͵͵ͷͷ
ʱʵɻ
Ȼ˵ƬӦͷΪʲôκͷٱƬΪмȱתô
޺֮ı仯ƣΪʲô仯ôⲻ̫غ㶨ɡ
Ҳûѧκµ֪ʶֻżпյػôһ¡ʱͦѧˡ
غͷ´򴩺·ҳԼķͷҲβ
ͷֿԼ̲סЦ
޵ûڵأֿ
ıӣ쿪ĵô
š
򿴿ϵˣۼֵЩٹӦþͺˡ
ſţϵЦݾȥˣûһ
ŸϢ죬ԹҪȥˣϽס
ٵ죬˻ûȫá
Ѿˡ첲
ҡͷҲС
˱죬ίͰ͵ظƨɺ档
ۿһ㳤ô󣬵Ըǰһûб䣬Ķп
ǲ˻ûãƵģٶòã
ָͷͬ
öҲû˸ȳȵ£һῴˣһῴϵСһֿƮİơ
Ա߾ʱ򣬷һضŵ濴
ڿʲô
ϡ
ָŵһֻСָϵ
ʧЦ͵ĺӾϲЩ͵ˮ㣬è޹ġ
˵Լʵж󣬵ڻָһӵǺϲá
оǿԼӳһο
תҲһͻȻǰЩȤ
͸µһ峤ͬʱҲڸųɳ
Ҳȷʵˣ˯֮;ƺøǰ̫һˡ
ǰʲôҲȥ綼ǻɫͺɫ
ڣͻȻԭǲɫģôණԼûעĽţܿʲôú˼¿һֻȥԡ
ڸʲôʡ
ᶫҵķ˵ţŵŵܽ˵ûʣСķϾĵط
ϰȥʳŴЦߺƺųһ
һ￴ϣ緹ʱˮ
ҲûţڼȦԼαװһֻСżֻѾСơ
ÿ춼ιʳЩСҲˣʱʱչתһȦ׽ֻӷߡ
ӼȦֽߣôʲô
šС̰ԣһֱʳϲԳӣ򾡣
أ
ݸܳôֱ۱Ȼһ£Ҷζܺţǿġ
ЦЦǰҰݲܳԡ۲ϸ
עԼŲ磬Ǹ
ɿ档
Ļȴǰһ㣬˯ǰ˵쿴Ķ۾ﶼڸǲסĹ⡣
ηı仯ʵںܴһֱ˵ȥˣӸסԼ
ӣ˯һôһ䡣
ã
ֻǺ״̬άһѡ
һ磬Ǳһѵġ
һͷڵϣֱ㶵ضͷϡ
棬һͷ˫ָϸһѡ
ԼԴһۣǺüͷ֮
ǰϱκûٱȥͷ׹͵رԭΡ
һŲ׸ߵľ޴ڴǰ
򷢲죬Ƭֻ֮һңֵ֮һ㣬Ҳûһ룬ɽһƬʧˣֻʣһ㡣
ԴβͣȫͺˣرβֻͣʣβͼϻһƬǡ
ִ͵ؿԼ
壬ƬҶһ˲ֶ˼Ƭ
Ž´ǵסצӣ򡣡
ңҵƬ
϶Ƭѣûµġ
ǡҡͷ
ûκһֱƬ
ŬǰһԼûƬڵʲôס¶档
վ֪ԼڿŶġ
ڵϵ̺ӹϳȥΪҪܣû뵽ûţǹǰΪ׼һҡ
Ŵȫϣ̺ӸסԼԱյںڰĽ䡣
ҵҲţǺƤëӣΪͨȫȥ
ӷʵƿܽȥֻߵſھͣס˽Ų
ӣҿԽô
һˡ
Ƶش洫
ãҾš
̾ңϵƬϸ˿
ЩƬЩɣûʱйǱ˵ʯƬһ
ûϸϵһֱãһƬһƤһèҲỻë
Īֱ˵
ǸһЩʵʱ䣬ûнȥš
Ա˺ܾãſҲûгԡ
пҲûˮ۳֣ƺûпޡ
΢ġ
ûгߣַ˱ˮſڡ
ҷˮſڣȵˮɡ
ûԥؿ
㻹ô
Ծû
̲סˣԱյҲ̫ˣֻʲôɵ£Ҳ˲ˣһȿ˽ȥ
ܺڣ򿪵ƣһ۾Ϳǽǵһš
Ծɱ̺Ӹǵʵʵֻ֮ǰ̺ǳɫģȴɫ
һ£һֵˮ
ԭ֮ûΪˮȫ̺Ӹˡ
ס̺һ͵ƿ
ߺߺߡɱĿ͵شһɫƴԼǽϼǽƺҡһ¡
Ҳڵӡ
ƬȫˣһƬʣ˿̾ëļһƫϻ⻬͹ƽģ쳣Ź֡
µƬüצӻһƬƬƨ棬汻һˮ˶
Ҫҡؿǽڣβͻζţͼ̺
СҺó󣬲Ҫңȥ
ӿ̺ӣֱס
ûƬ赲ڱʱһöģͦС
ס˲ɪһ¡
ҵô죿ϣҳȥôʡ
ҡҡͷԼĸСһЩ
ϣ±񣬿ͬʱϣϣʱи˸˵һжûϵҪ⡣
Ȼ˵仰
ûϵֻǣ㺦ʲôû˻ǳѹͲҪ
ֻû뵽ôأܰƵֵز
˵ȻеԶΪżԼûڣҲѡ൱𱬡
Ϊʲôѵ˱Ӧǿ˭ʵǿôűòʲô˼
ĪеΪϵδеһ˿ǡ
ǵĳҲ൱ⲻ⣬ǽһһӣһ¾Ͳˡ
ܾҲôӡ
Լ˼άƫϽ죬룬ôȣûƬˡûʲôģҵͷҲҪɶ̷һ˲òܰҼô
ڽԼǽϿһ㣬ͷϻۣͷһۺƵصҪ
Ϊʲô
ͷÿڳҭš
סСצӣ̫ˣԽԽȣҪһ㡣
ֹͣһ£Ҫ̷ĺÿ
ͷãǲˣòãҹţܰô
Լӣ̫Ըߡ
ǲȥûҲû￴ġ
Ųߵʱ£·ûƬͱƵġ
ʵҲȷʵˣûùҲûǰһƮצӣڵسŲ
Щ̫Ӧ·ʽߵ൱
ֵǲǲ
ûС
ӣġ
һҪ˵Ҫң
ҡͷֻǸСصһᱣġ
û
ߵŵĿó˸С¡
վһỺΣοе㲣Ȧģ۾ﻹˮûԴϵﭹһëˣŲ󣬷ΪԲԲҹСС
޴룺Ҳᡣ
ͷץȻһŵλãˡ
ͷ
ϴμͷǰˣͷúܿ죬ڶѾˣÿϴͷܷʱ䣬͸ˣ˯ѹҲܣǰԼץһÿҲѿȥ
Ϊ˺ʱǲĵ£Ͱ¸˳
СĵͷȻŵʣô
ͷֱһԵģر
ܵ΢һЩҲ˵㡣
ͷûеڵϣСĵ߬һԡ
رС϶Ҫ˯ˣ˵һ䣺ˡ
ͷһ£ȸոպõ˾ȵǣβ޵ر룬һ㶼
ۣ̫˰ɡ
ץűͷԼƤ
һ²ŷӦڲԭΣҲûƬˡ
˱죬Ÿմ۾ʧҪӿơ
״ͷ˹˵ͷһͷ
ͷ
˵ͷһӡ
߬űӣһЦ⡣
ϿǻָˣûټޣҲûƬ£ƺѾȫˣ̸𴲣ԷҲѧԼ¡
֣һܶ죬ûٱԭΣҪǣһûгӣֻߵ¾ͺܿСű⿴Ӱһһ죬ûȥ
ҪȥԶһĵطũʱ͸ƵһֱΪֹ
ⲻûˣˡ
һ˺ܶ죬ǰĺˮλ࣬ꡣ
ûгţ˸ߡ
ؿ겻֪ʲô
ôĬֻصʱһ
ʲô
ŷ߶˸ˣͻһĳһУûûС
㲻ģ
ҡͷǡ
׷ʣǲôûжҲûгš
ɫЩ㱵ص
Ͻסȥ˯ɣˡ
ڴϺܿ˯˹ȥ
֮죬Ȼǰʱ𴲣Ҫ˯ĸСʱС
ԽԽ״̬ԣȥҽԺһΣҲԸˡ
ͬʱԭѾڷΧ³ܡ
ֻһֱ̽ųǰϵζһ󣬷ûΣպǰһͣ¡ػط
Щǿǰߵ
֪ǲǸйϵûгţζѾܵˡ
Ҳһԭ򣬿ںЩﲻټɵˡ
֪ĸԭ򣬵ĸĵС
סˣţǰֱʵ
ôˣﲻǾȥҽԺ
ִ˸ǷĿؿҲе㱣ûвǣû
֣ҲģצҲûκ
ΪûƬôʡ
ҡҡͷãȻ֪
Ҳǵһξ£֪ԼôˡԺĸоܲãʹʱԽܡ
һֱռŴԣѹֻܻл㱵شš
˵ûҲûǰһ죬ڹȦѡ
ΣգҲȥ
ңһᣬ㡣Ƥ
۵رס˵ˣȥ˯ɡ
״ֳ̬˺ܶ죬ʢȫ٣̫չͷǰĴӻָխխСϪ
ǻܵȺѾϢĵز
ϣһκ飬Ǿ͵һʱ뿪
ꡣ
ԽԽ
վߣ뿪
Ȼڴʱһֱڳ˯ͻȻ۾űԭΡ
ֻһֱͺͺļβϣ֪ʱЩϸСƬ


 29 

ʼΪԼˡ
һ²ŷġ
ƬɫܹŹ, ĵطǽӽ͸ǳɫƬǺɫ
Ƭ£ʱǰһһƬɫ, ɵƬſܿһƬѤõĽ
, 쿴ƬµƬ״εػצӡ
еԺ, Ŭգգ, β˦ǰ, ҲƬ
һʱȥطƬòβ룬һƬһƬûеġ
ǸʱйϵҲȺ˳򳤳
ȻԾɺܳ󣬿ڲһŹͺͺˡ
һӾ˾͵ط˸һԼ
Ƭճ, ʵûлָƽˮ׼ûӣߵſˡ
ΧѾԺ
Բ̫ãʱҪǵָӲ
, űײ˼¡
ŵȭͷıɺñҶ뿪
ҲĶ, ߺ߳·вһ
ĶͣһᣬɽǸҵײ
ء
Ⱥ˷ܵظ߽ţֻţǽڴҲ죬ⷿӱЩͷˣôײѾҪҡεơ
ü۷ӣɱҪ
ڴţֱӳȥɺñ嶯Ҹطá
ֶ䣬˿͵شš
ŵ˲䣬ҲһٴȺԴͳ˳ȥ
һֱײŵΪֱӵ
һֻ͵һǰצôסԵ
ӱǵһбҲǵķ˻
ҰſѪڣһ˫۾׺ݵض·ֻʤȯա
ͽ˵ߣ״̧֣צݺݿ˹ȥ
צĹͷϰβ
أ
ʹڿоҡҡΣҲŻζ
޷άΣۿžҪȥ
·ֻһͬܣһֱͷ͵ȥΪǵĿ
һȻܻңȴô¡ֻô뿪ӦֵطҲֶ
򣬴ȥǣϽߣҪͷ
ŬԼƽȺ侲
̧壬ûпЩǣצץסĸ첲Լߡ
£һᱣ㡣ٴظ仰
֪˵ʲôźã˵ʲô
Ƭ૵ɵ򣬲õģұѾˣܶ⼸Һˡ㲻һ᳤󣬻ĸһ㲻ðֵط
Ŭצӡ
λúܵͣһֻҲ
򣬲Ҫͷ
ü米ʹһƣֱӳ˹ȥ
ŨصȳζԽԽź⣬ǿһƬں죬ͬԨһ㡣
۾һֱƴȫԼúûţȴ
ȻȥȴûȺ⼸ֻҲ
£Ҳ
ȥצץ˸ա
򷢳һŭļУº͵ط׺ޱȵسȺȥ
УȴʹҲҿ
ΪԽԽãû뵽ֻûκθı䡣
򳤴һź
֪жģϣҪٿˡ
֪᲻Լ
ĿĵţҵȣҪǿеζѬˣҲûеȵҧԼֻʲô
Բˣѵǲ
Щͷ۾
һ۾Ϳһ˫ˮĴ֪ʱվǰ
Ƭ̣ͷʺš
ô£ҧţ
ͷԼȷʵȳĿˮմһǾôŴҧȴû
תͷܣԭڿҵͼǣʱȫʵʵԹɵزһ֪ǣΪԼһŹ
ʱЩǵԴȫ˺ܶˣŲҲ̶á
⣬⾿ô£ǣ㵵ʡ
Ҫȥ˼ҧǵͷὫ˵ϡ
ҧغ˼ſڵɪɪԴҪˣ൱µӡ
ڻոջģ˲ʧؿи֧ţھܵȥ
£ұ㡣˵
죬ڲ֪ٴ־Լ
ԼǽؼҶѣһڷһסĵطûԼҲȱЩ
ԱԼĸûΪʲô
ЩԼܺ
лл㣬Բˡ
ȻؿЩżҡͷǣûСŬǣҲϲ˵ܺãûҡ
Цлл
ŷһֱͻȻɿſſص˵ϡ
һżȥ˯ˡ
û˯Ҳûлָãξǿѹ
Ҳ֪ôƷЩǵġ
ʱǻΧû뿪ŵ̧ͷۣǲûôųţ˿ѪЩۣʱʱвһ
˯˹ȥҲ֪ʲôҪôźá
ھԶĵط
ֿӣҲ֪ǲᵽ˼ֻһֱͻȻȥҧŰӺ˹ߡ
ˡ
Щѵͨˣ
лллɵص
ٴι£ûлӦ
ǰӼʱ֪ҪȥģֻܰȺͺˡŷ֣ԭǳϷ˹ʱλþĲݵϣܿݶӰӡ
߻ȥԼĪҪһСʱҲͼӵ¡ؼҡ
ǣ̫Ҳ̫ˣѹͿҲû취Ųϡ
ǿۼˣôôûκηӦ
һֻη
ֻǰؿĶʹĴʱһֻвһĺֺܿſ˻ȥ
£˼Żʲôð취
˼ʱͻȻһͬΧ˹
һҪͼٴθ壬צӼꡣ
ûȺǼ屳
۾°Ͷ˵ϣֱûԼʱ˿̵ľ顣
ȺСسǰŲȥϽϡ
Ҫָ·˳ػص˼ң򱻷Ժ
Ҳû뿪ǸԷɢԺݺ䣬ıһҵ
˲ȥʲô̺Ӹϡ
һֱ˯˰ҹҲص˰ҹ
ˣڸоô
˸ãȻתһȦ󶨸ϡ
ûлش⣬ӣ߲˲䣬죬˼ڿˮȻצӽˮ·ȡ
Ƭ̣ڶȦǺţ
ǵĿˮرҲŪóģʵûסϴ˸軻·
ԾŲʲôζˣû뵽ô⡣
СĿɰ
ˡĨգۿġ
һ鱻һ仰ŪЦ˳
ţȷʵ㡣ںõôˣ
ҡͷʱ˯ˣֻϵƬȫ֮ǰٵ״̬
Щô£յСʣˣ
ҡҡͷеؽָʵϴα׷ܵЩ
ӽÿ춼Ƭû뿪ߣʵͽԼһƬϴ
ȻΪʲôŵԽԽˣⲢȦ̵Եʡ
û˵ЩҲǵһ֪
ذԼ޳ˮͷСֿʵΧ½ضﶼһ顣
ֻϣҵһֻĶܰԼɱ
һֱ֪Լһο򱻴󹫼׷ɱһϢʵ
ȺĶԻ֪ɭ޶ֱ࣬ȥ
տʼû뵽ɭ֣۲ãΧ׺ľֻ󹫼ǰ˴󹫼£󹫼Ƣ׷ʳһС˿Ҳĳ˴˿ڡ
ϧ󹫼Ҳûɡ
һʧʶҪǿĶ֮ٴɭ֡
ǺֱȥѣȵԷƽοС
ǻǲãһˣ˺֮ǰԼ
ûһֻɱһѪҲЩ
ѹˣһȺ׶Χʱֱϲ񣬺ɵߡ
Ȼͷˣʣµڷ񹥻ûгɹ֮ѡ˷
ʣµǣһ߿һ߿׷ǰ˰
οʱ׷һȺܵĳ
ҲεΪȺĬΪµͷ졣
֮ȺǾ޲ʱյ
ʱѾߴˣܿ뵽ĶԾɲ֪ܾ࣬裬ͽȫ˻ȥ
ʱϺ翴ƽ߸жſţҲЩǡ
ΪÿǾͶҹ
ƬϢǷĺʱǱһκοԳΪĿܣͲս
̽ãһŲ˹
û뵽ҲһצǣȺٴʵϴ
֪ô˵Щ˵ΪɱĴƣ
ԴתĿ࣬òҪ˵Щ
ָһᣬ쳣СصˡܣΪǴ򲻹ҡ
ôҲûϴ׷Ⱥܵ£ʱĵ׵ɻ
û¾ͺãˣһΪҪˡ
տʼȺʱҲȷʵûģ̇ͷǼֻתת
񿴵ǲϵë˲Ҳſ˹̬䷢ͺ
̧ͷȥ̧צסֱۣͷʪġ

ͷôˣ
Ƭǲɫġβ³Ƭſ
µĵƴ򿪣ƬĽɫŹ⣬ϵһҫ㱼俴ȥǲɫġ
ûƭ
ôβʵ
ص˵ͷġ
ܶදһֹһƤë˵㻹ỻڶεΣ϶һαһκÿֻǡ
ֻһζôʹ࣬û취һһʲô
ÿһζôʹָ࣬ôܵ
ֻһǸ棬üͷһ
ۡοͶʹϰΪˡ
ϸһ¡
㻹ûȫָϢڴϲҪˡƬȫ˵
ûƬڵ쳣ԣԭֻƤɷۺɫ¶̵ˣҪðˡ
ңȥϢͰ͵صپݡ
ЦЦһĳ׷
Ⱥӹû뿪˼ƺפˡ
֪ǲ˺ԼҲ̫ҿ
ò˵ЩȺĴڸ˲ٰȫУڲ￿ˣֻܶûб
ǼĸȽϲңֻǶֲµˡ
ָֻ˳˯״ٰ̬ÿֻһᣬ󿴿Ƭٽ˯ȥ
ǲԲʲô˯غ߶ڱ仯
˯ţ͵͵˸
ر仯һֱ
ֻ֪ʲô仯ڴ
˯ҲҪ
ǻָ֮ǰһ࣬ũҲһҪæ
ֻǲͬǣæһҪݿһۣڶ˸˿Ŀĵ߶ûκλӦҲԼǹ¶һˡ
ϵƬһһ졣
֪Ƭ˳´һ˺
ֻƬССβ룬ıȰƻСָֻ״СЩŹ֡
ȺϮԾеӰȥݺҲҪնˣ˵Ƶһ߸ɻһ߶˯
ԤУҲٹҪ׻ָˡ
ȣ˲ϵĺһ˯
ƬȻһִȥҲģر
ֻǲŸ»û˯ţȺһвĵͺ𣬰ŻеϤľ
һЬ͸Ͻܳȥ
Ⱥۼһͷ죬ͼһֻŵų
ȿȺۼ⣬ΪǸˣֱӿ˳
ңңſܱߺ
شԴһŲȥ
ദãѾپǣʱ򻹻ὫĳԲӸǳԡ
Ⱥ׽࣬̽Ÿȡ֣ȻҲ΢ָһ¡
ȺɢΡ
͵سУ̵ؿܣô£ôǣһΪ㱻Ǹˡ
˵£ǲṥġôˣ
㣬յķۣˣ͵㡣ȴ򿪰óһ޷۵ظԾɾسЩǡ
Ⱥɢ¡
תͷܿʵҵǣأ
ҪͣһЩ粵

лҪ˵Կ죬̫Сдܳܳͼһ

 30 

־ϲ
ˡ
Ҳ˲Ȼǰ, ֱݡ
Ÿսݣͱһ˫ֱסˣѾҪؿڵС꽫Դ

ˡϵЦضزס, ʹıڸоôô
ҡҡͷ, Դ̧һ˫۾ؿ
, Ѿˡ˵Ż̧ĸ첲˻ӡ
ϸϸҿ˿, ͷϵĹİ, ұǰͻһЩԼĪ׸ߵӣһԽǡ
ֳһ㣬һ˫۾ģҲԭôСϷʡ
ͷҲ˳̲֧š
ǰһɰգݡ
û·, ֻϹõıӡ
¹ŵ·ϡ
κԿ·Сˣûǰһѹֻ, ܹɵش·ǣֳȥ
˺һҲ˳ֱһȺԶԶض, סˣϽ
һݾͼǣŸֺС
𾪵ָָָָ򣺡㣬㣬ʲôʱиôĺӣأ
̧ۿߺߡ
λǣŵֵ򡣡
ȻȻתһȦһΪǸأû뵽ôˡ
ϴμʱȷʵǸû
ЦЦû˵˱ˮ˵¡
ɡ
˵⣺ʵϰҹġ֪ģٹһ£ѡսҪʼˣڿȳǾٰ죬ʱһԱܺáϰΧҵ̶Ҫҹ㣬ûб䷽һܻӭ۸
Ҳʮʵǿģϴεʮðض׬ٰʱ룬ҲֹǻǮ˵õ˲ٱĺô
˵ʱһ뵽
һᣬûھܾʵʲô뷨Ҫķĳʳ˵ĻǹģҪǸӵģϲ˻²㣿
ȱʵĿɿڴ
Ͱ͵صңҲ֪ǻһ±ȽϺá
˵Ųͨ˰ضնͨѶûһŴЦͶӰС
ضһӣͷ͹ˮЦļۡ
þò
ӣֱӽոյĻظһ顣
ض˼һʵ˵Ǳ˵ĹĸӻǼ򵥣㶼᣿
÷صͷǲҳ˺Ӳ˶һЩǰΪԭʲôܳҲֻܶ쿴Ƶʿˮ
˭ϸ꣬²Ҳ˵һѲˡ
лͻʵһ£û̫ʧܹ츳
УҲṩ㣬
˵
ŵЦЦҿԽ͸㣬Ҫһ㡣ȻѡϣһʮҲˣȫԷġʮ˵ʲô
ʨӴ󿪿ڣֽȸУܾҪһЩǮ߲ܰģϴξʮܶˣȥһҽԺһ㶫ȥ˴롣
ȳͷװģǰûǮûпǹЩҪˡ
ǵ޷Լֻ
ضһôϵЦ˲ؿ
˻ᣬڣԼЩв˼ҿôߵļۣθڵǺܴõ䷽ɲֹǮһ취
ĻӣûкҲûиĿڣϰȷʵкܶ취ûǮûȨûʲôܶԿ㡣ôӦвۺ졣ȳǿɲֹһҲҰ䷽ˣǱӻңһó䷽Ǹ㣬ô
ضɫֺ࣬ԴͷһûȥЩŭǰӡ
ǵĻᶼûС
Ц£ץס󣺡ǿԡ
ȷʵûʲôҲԸͻƽʲô¶ܱܶ㣬˾
ǱвͷҲʾ
һԵס˰ضϸϸļ֡˫ɫ۾нâէ֣ضĪ˸
ӣֱʳ߶ϵĸо
Ǹˣܰ˵õණϵֹЦݣתķǳ졣
ովǸ㿪Цѣϴκô죬ôܻԶϲ·¶ԲԡǮҿǿǡ
ҲЦȻҲǿЦġǸعˣʲôҾԲС˹㾡ܿǣż
֪ضôѡ˵Ҳе档
ɵߣˣȥβĶ̷ֱۣеˡ
ͷ³ͷƬһϲǺɫǽɫȾһʱͷһɱأͦᡣ
ͷƬһÿͷ
ʱָֻǰͺˣˮ۾ͷҲÿ
ǵȻġ
ߺߡ۾һ
ֹ˻죬Ǳ߰ض˼󣬹Ȼϵصʮʮ򣬵ṩĲҲҪС
ģֻҪ˵Ҫ󡣡
һ£ϻظ㡣ضعҶͨѶ
ھʮʱھˣͻʵ˰Ѻ
⣬ˣôô㲻ʵ
ЦЦܰɣµȻµģûбѡ񡣡
ȳĬ룬ĵʲôûҲҷ
ĪȻЩĽˡ

ͷţ
Ҿе㲻һˡ
صͷ˿Լ·ǰ·ΪɻһֱɹɹҲֲˣͷ˵㣬ûԼﲻһ
ﲻһ˵ͷô
ҡͷǣ˵ǰʱھܾȫԼһ飬ͺһֱǸԹߡ
ָʧ
£ǰֻÿһ죬ֻŽµ·û̫ģżҲܿһԡ
ɲ֪䣬ѾʼΪԺˡ
Ҳı仯
ⲻǺôͷ
̫˵ʲôҲ廰Ͱš
ȹЦǰ˼ˡĳ򣺡ѽҾ˵˵¸ѡƱ͸ǡ
նһ£򿪿ǸƱһһͶӰʮëɫĶɦŪˣܿ컭ãһ׳žͷƻȭͷ
ÿ궼һѡսͬһأһ콻һУȫҪСһ²Ž
ÿһڶڲͬĳоٰ죬ֵ˿ȳǡ
ѡھսھջջ𣬹עȺܸߡ
ˡ
Ϊ£ûнǿʩˣŵƽʹͶӰҲƵȫװޣһƬھ󡣾͸ǰҪٰ˻ʱһ
ֻ˵μӻǵһΡǰն˻ڵʱһ𿴹ۡ
ѡκΣҪչʾգγҲǲеġ
սȭһľӲӲ˭վ˭ʤʽֳҲʹΣǾⲻ˵ģһѪȡ
ȵүү˵ĸףʱ棬ȥһǵϲμӳǲŽǼ£ر¡رʢǱأ˴طͷɴϵȥ̫ոͣ˸ָķɴر𺳡⻹ֻǸѣҲ֪ʲôӣۿ
˵棬һ㶼ָ֮
Ҳǵһ˵Ҳǵһ˵ı
һ̧ͷ죬϶¶Ȼı顣
ЩûȥģҲ󲻳Ǿʢ־޵ĳ档
ֻһԵЩ֮ɫû˿仯Ĳɵأһֱ
ȻعʱʼһҪƵڶסˣסҸѰˡã˵㹤ʡ
ðʱһȥЦӦ¡
˻׼뿪ˣ컹вôһ߰ɡ
Уһ¡Ĳ˰
ȴӰóһ۵չӲ󣬸պܷһˡ
һˮĲ˺ɻ󣺡ҸЩô㾿õʲôϣôô죿ζҲĲ̫һڵĿ˿ˣֵֻģǴӱǶϳԡ
һָۣ˻Σܣ˵
ˣҲˡֻҪܶ๩˾ͺˡˡ
뿪ǰ˳һѡ
Сܾˡ
עϣûˣɴ۾ƴԼ
Ѿ۵ˣ˸
һԭɴڷΧȺͷȵķȥһҪҧģ
ŵøϽˡ
ߺίίز䵽ߣߺڿһ
˵һʣ޵ģ
һˮնûУΪˡ
ЦãھȻѧ״ͼٿˡ
ˣûµģҲϲ㰡
ҲҪϲֻҪ͹ˡƵص漴̧ͷŽż⽫Ŭǰݡ
ɻسȻոڼٿޣһᶼûС
ַԼϣСҪ

š
һֵ˹һ
˫ּ̲סôôɰôأ
Դ˵˾ʲôûʵʱֲ˵ˡ
ôͻȻǰˣѾȫָôϿƬǲ룬СƬûãҪ˯ɣ
ܾѾˡ
ڵų࣬鶯
ǰһӵģۺ;裬ʲôһͷײ磬˵˵Сһ
񿴵Լһ쳤ĸоһ
Ȼûнӣ˿ȴᵽӵȤ
ſߣ죬Щ߷ߵӣֻ񣬺ᡣ
˵ȣʡ
ҡͷȻᣬҲûôᡣ
ŶǰضǿЦġקק·Ȱο
ּȵֺܵСĶΪһˣضеľǮֻҪ湴ţвʱҲʲôи˺Ŀܡҵ˸õĺ
һɫë
ë൱ӡ
죬·ҿ˿֪ë
·ûпڴģ·Ҳģ֪ûзκζ
˵ԭʱϲʲôͦƬ¿϶ͦ󣬷ŵ㶫Ҳû⡣
ΣѲϻԪڴɣ
óĶôûڴʵ
һֱ㣬ʼٵĺߺҲð˳Уеġ
˵ŴҲһڴ

չȥۣͶѣݲ֮ûʲô
ͷ³һΰɫĲǴǰ˿õĲһ仨Ƭ
óҲ֪ˣû뵽Ȼڶ
𾪵طסԼ°ͣǣԵķڴôѵͨ 
Ťһ£΢ȥҲ֪ôͣռС
Ҳ㲻ʲôԭһƼ￴ôõ֣ʵͷԡ
ֻҪ޾Ͷˡ
ġ
ɬЦЦëϣ߲ؿǼֻǡ
ֻվĳȥܿʧ
ûע⵽ЩΪѾԭΡ
Ѿ׸ߵľ޴ǰֱӽ⵲˸ɾ
֧⿪³Ƭ⴩͸ƬĽɫӳһƬͨ͸ĹӳǽϣһƬ߲ʹâ
쿴ǽвʺ硣ָǽڵ
̧ͷȥͼǽһɫâ˹Ӱ
˶ƬӰҲűλá
Ưͷĵظ̾
㵵ؿԼӰãϵЦʧ᲻֪شۿе˳
ע⵽Լͱ˲ͬ쿪ʼһֱԱԼòƬɫªǹӦȥ
ҲΪԼ͸ˡ
һ죬ͻȻԼƺҲûô
ƬҲܷɫĹҲ֮ܳΪϲĵطˡ
ʱˣôˣ
ֿ죬ʹЦŲڿģںܿġ
ڲһǴˡ


 31 

ڿЦſ޵ʱ, Ҳһᡣ
ʶż¶ѣ̶̼Ѿ, ȫû취󣬹ȥЩ, ôôһ찾ġ
ǼƼȴֺѵ¡
ңڱ, ҽԽԽá
ڷԼƬܺÿ֮, һֱվڴ̫չſƬ, ʱʱͷһ£ȸƵġ
Լһֻ͡ҪߣҲ˵˼Ҳ
ÿζͣ½Ųһһᣬһҫۡ
ûʲôɿˣָĳһƬƬ˵һƬ, ɫ͸ȻһƬԲһƬȥָãһƬСɿɰ, ɫһƬǸΡ
Щ۵طԼҪûˡ
һı񣬿佱ʾԶð˳
ԵؿԼֱ̫ȼֲסȥ
û̫, ƬĹʹЩۿۣź콫ԼŻΣ»صϣƨɺת
ضĺûʱˡ
ʱԶЩƣ̬
һҪ嵥˹ЩҵҪ㰴ҪṩɫҾϡ
ɨ£дʲôҲûбֳֻ԰ضͷʳĲ㡣
Ҫʲôң׼ȥ㡣
ͷһۣѾûгˣڼҲ£ȥ͵ɢˡ
ãȥҪӡҪ嵥Ҵ㡣
ŸöǱ߰ضͷԼԼʲôƺʲô﷢׷ûͻٹҶͨѶ
գգۣܿ콫עǷҪϡ
һԵЩأһûӡ
ϸһҪϵ֣ڷˣѿһŲǰ
س򣺡ʦ鷳һ飬涼дʲôɡ
ʦƺ൱У̲סߺ߳ʾʦ򡣡
ãʦ
飬ҲûиĿڣ֪ڶԼˣǴؿһᣬ΢Ƭȥˡ
ƬһôǾһʱ򣬽ɫָڶڲסֱӽ͸졣
д֣һϲǮȨ˵ĲףҪʳİһҪÿζҲܲ̸ֿζҪСһͨʳͣҪƽۺóԣɫֻҪһ͹ˡ¶꣬צһ²˵ԱֶһͶӰ
ǸĲա
ż꣬ǳԷĻ᲻࣬ûʲôӴϲĳʳֻ֪ҵֿζֵ϶ǰࡣ
ﻹһûף֮ͷˡ
ΪǸӴ࣬ţҲرϸ
ƽ˵Ĳ򼸺ûʲô̿ԣƹĴ⡣
ллʦŽżƬһڣҪʲôһ£ỹ鷳ʦҼ¼һ¡
СצŬסԼƬɬֲòӦá
֮ͺ£һնˣſһ
һʲôˣͿ
Сצִֶ֣ȴ൱Ҳûʲôͣ٣ƺÿֶһ
ÿֶܼǵסôʡ
һ
һ֮ʹĵ׵ɻʳһ⣬ΪʲôһЩָоܹ֣ǣֵ˼ܴ󣬶Ӧưɣ
÷뵽ģҲֵֻĶơ
ܻɣǲҲбͬҲԽ˹
ͷһ˵Щʱרҵѧģ۹ִ˽꣬ڼ侭ܶα仯һЩЩΪкΪﱻ¼ͳΪʽԣôģûмءǹٷ˵ǧǰèλ󹫾ҲǵʱǵӺһ޶һ֣ǴҲֺ÷ǵĶʱıġ
Ȼֱλ󹫾ĳλһλڣϧǶѾǼǧǰˣ̫Զ
ͷҲһζ磬ȴֳڹȥ
ʦô࣡
ŷ֣⻹ǵһһ˵ôĻûпҲûн͡
ΪֹͼɱϲʲôʲôѸٳҲڳɳȻܶ⡣
Ҫʲôô
ãȻؿϸһϸϸصһ𡣡
һյƬεص㣬ǲһֱһô˵ʲôΪʲôˣ
ҡҡͷͷԼ
ûҲֲ룬Ϊûʸ
Ҳ֪ҿô޴ʵ
Ȼԣʲôԡ
յ˼ԾҡͷѾЩͰ͵ζˣ벻ʲôҲᡣ
ְŪ޸Ͻˣ˵̫ˡ
Ժ룬ڻСżٰҼһ²װɡ
á
˻Сʱɾɾ˰˷ֲףˣζǹͨ˵ˡ
Ĺļ¼¿֣Ҳܸо澴ҵ
ллˣ۲ۣҸ󡣡
˵צ
צϵƬСϸܣǰ̶̵צӳһ㣬צҲˡ
ţһצӣצӱȴĻҪ
Ȼ˼£ͻȻһϸ΢
žһצӵˡ
ͻȻצӣεظӣҽ͵Ǹ
ңҲǹģҾһ¾͵ˣԲԲ𡣡
ͼȥȻȻ̫ܡ
۲ۣ
ѵÿôҵӣ򲻽ûģֿЦһ¡
û£ۣһ㶼ۡ
һΰοˣƽʱһģһ
᳤ġ
צӲƬΪʹãٳצӻ٣ҲҪĥ
򽫵צƵеڴС͸㡣
צӣң
š
ллһúñġ
ǰһֱצӴߵذʹãذƬֱӱˣõֻв˵˵̫ͦ㡣
ǰϵצûӣϸ˻ⶫܷΪ˲˵ԼʱһצףƵʡ
ûõצóԣû뵽ÿȥ
צӹҵϸ򿴣Ժһš
˫ģе㿪ЩĽӡ
ߴǸצŲϡ
˼ƺҪ
Ͻָ̧вУûָסΪ˸ɻ㣬ҲΪϰߣָ׸һʱͻ
Щźشۣʧķǳԡ
ӡ

ϸۣûᡣ
𾪣ʲôʱٿ޺װˣ
̲ס̾Ȼǳˣ֪ôˡ
ˣģ´θһĵʺòã
̧ۣȻһᶼûУɸɾġ
ƤϵƬֺֺЦǿŻˡ
ʶصǸԲ𡣡
㶣ʲôǸ
ԲҲƭ㡣Ҫˡ
̲ס̾û˼ͦõģҲϲʱҲŻ㰡Բԣҵô
޻Цװ˸е
ҡͷ̧ͷʱۿȻˮڴת
ᣬ
ҲûˣˣϢɣʰһ£ǡ
ȵҹ¶Ƚ˺ܶ࣬ӴӴġ
վڴ̴󣬳򴲿Լֿϡ
ΪŵС̺Ѿˡ
˯ʱΪǸһ˯ϣ̴Ҫֿ˯ˡ
Լָ˵Ķ£ôĬĬվš
̺˴һͷײϻһ
򣿴̺ˣ˯Ҫ˯ϣ˯ҪΡ
Ͱ͵ʵ㣬Ҳһô
԰ˣڳˣҪһˣҪ˯˯һݰɡ
˵žҪߡ
͵ס֣Ҫ
Σӽʮĺͷ
ЦŻ˻ָһŶѾˣԺԼ˯Ҿڸڣң۾ܹ
ʱҲģһ𣬵ԺԽԽôһվ̫á
ԼͲ󣬵Ծ̬ϣԼҺһûκа
һԼȴҲôϡͿġ
ܿͻ᳤ǳɳҲԼԼ磬϶˳ܶ࣬ԼֻлҪһˣҲҪҲҪɡ
ٴ㣬͵ý̫Լ
Լгڣǿжϵʲôֻġ
˵ԺҪֿ˯ٴۣʹû˵۾ʹſ棬̵ϴ£ñӵסԼ
ıӣˣ۾˯ɡ
һ˼򵥳Թ緹ȥˡ
ΪֱˣԭٶȻͦҲ࣬λСʱڿ˳ſڡ
ԭȻһɴ֮ĸߴǽ·ˢɫһƬɫ໹޴ʯͷ̡ͨĵȫ̹ɾ࣬ǵͰĲƺֳţŲ֪Ļ
̯ȫˣͣûоֶܴŽˡ
ʱͣͣ¿ĺʱڽ
ʱѾǷѵ׼û뵽վŵţͷŤģЦ˵һǵͨͱˡ
Ǳѡ
û뵽ȳǳôʱΪճߣǷҪǼۡ
ûйǵ⣬Ǻ˾͹˲Щˡ
ֻԭͨͨõĳлȻһ£ֵзǽ·ˢһ飬ɫûͳһһۿȥȫǺĻƵϵĺڵģͶӰڽֽգͣ任ģƯʴζ塣
ΪϿյĶǼٵʱһֻĴųǴͷɹ
·һ磬һʱֲʵá
ͷĲӶˣһʱûע⵽ǰײ˸ˡ
ԲԲ𡣡ϽǸ
ǸһҵŮˣ۾ӶСŨŨױһۣԴϻи޴ĺɫᣬø߸ߵɤź·û۾ǰôӸ˲𣬸Ӹ߾ײô
ʵڱǸ˵һ䡣
û뵽ԷԾɲģײ⣬ˡۣſ϶ˡ
ȻɵˣôӵΪ
ߣԽԽ˾΢һЩ롣
ۼϣ˹һվǰͷֻԼһߵС㡣
˵צӣץŶԷ·һѽ
ɫŮ˾ŵڿеȣʲôֹŹҸ㣡
ֱ̧ۣһ˦
Ů˵ľ쳹˰֣˵߶ת˹
ҲһΪҪֳ
û뵽Ůʱٴצ쳣׼ؽסûһˡ
Ծû˵ס˺ٴ̧צһ˦
Ůŵü
צŮ˵ڵϣŲ·سǰܣϸĺɫβʹȹ¶
Ǹҵš˵һ̵Ĳˡ
û뿪ˣֻؿһ仰û˵ͽһ鷳
ԽԽˣ
ϴιʱŵԼߣ̫ĵط൱
ôţոջͦɵצסֲ̫ңôӵţСʵǲˣ
ûУķǳɵ˾͸ŻŻԣֳȻ鷳
һЦ»صϣСס֣һߣҴ·
á
û֮˾Ƶر߱͡ÿһֵɫװɫһѤá
ֵϵˣкֱܶӱԭΣͼһֻֻϤİĶ߾
Դĳ¹СϥǸߵ棬м̵ֻسǰ
ƫ½ˮûֻι״Ķ̫࣬ûע⵽ˡ
Сѧһѵôɣ̲ס̾֡
ǰ׶Ȼ۹ĵطԽĵطԽ˱УǷݻ·þߣɫͳһǰɫɫɫɫ
ԳͬϵƬٱǿұͶȵɫʳ
۾ܣж϶ط
ʼû⣬ϸһᣬŷԭڳ衣
ǸиʵģȴȫǼͨһֺİֺܹŹֵķ
ɺܼ򵥣ȥܰҲܻ졣
򳪵Ĳᣬػط˺ü顣
ţעⲻΧľɫֻĸԽԽ졣
֪Ϊʲô·𿴼еɫĹӰǰһ
ں
͵ػ񣬲ŷֲ֪ʱѾǰˣȻһֱ񣬲ȫǵԼ˶ãʲôˣʲôʱ򵽵ģ
ոա
ҡҸոڳ裬Ȼˣ㳪ʲôãȻʣ֪ǲǸԭ
ҲãظҡͷҲ֪ҳô
ĳˡ
ңҲǵˡ
һһվֵĽͷãض


 32 

˵Լոǲǳ˸, ҲȫǵԼʲô
ãȻ˦βͣһģͷ, þѹʣǲǷˣ
Ȼ̫һоΪʲôȰһ߿ʼο򣺡˵ʲôʱĸ, ʶͺ߳ˣҲ, Ǻ¡
, ȻΪʱʧȥʶͼ䡣
оһ
ɻ󣺡Ҳô
ᰡ, Ȼؼҳòá
΢ûôʧˣһڴá
˲پ⣬ǣֳȥض˹ˡ
ˣҴ߰ɣѾ׼ˡ
ƹӺ˽ȥΪʱǰѾٴαŶӵ˼ˡ
粻ģû, Ѿˡ
óضҰĺܴڵǰ˸ӣƲˣŪζӦϵͳ, ֻҪŵʳ﷢ζյʳָ󶯿ˮ
Ϸһ޴ĲɫͶӰ˸, ȫѹ˱˵ƣܶԶһۿ
ߵĵ̶ʱ¥Ѿϣװ޵쳣
רΪǮ׼ĵطÿһᶼרŵĽͨӵоԵԡ
򱻴һ䳬ĳ̨ϵĹʮ֣һȫǸֳҵ磬ұǽ޴Ĵʳűطʳġ
Ϸɵĵܵˮεģʳ˸ӦоС
λʦ˿ģͨͨ壬ϹЦͷϡ衣
ֻǸ첲֣ûôˡ
վװˮˮͰģʱͰԵſ޴Ĵ֣ʱʱһ£ǴͰһˮ
ʦҲϷһһһɴ֣ϵһϰĦһ¡
쳡Ŀⲻת˹ȥ
ΪǺ£չȥǰ۾ֱ㶳צʦǲͣͷĺ
ղԣǹԲ
Ҹҽһ£λǲĳʦϺͿˡһ¾顣λը䷽
á
Ǻá
λʦڲͣζͣĴ֣ԥһ£һ¸Ͻ֡
ڽӲûгã֪Ѿضæ֮г˹
ˣʳĶѾ׼ˣ㿴ô
ضŻƵʱһŴ磬رʿ
ֻǿǴܾϲ˷ۣЩطвȻİף·ʲôһ
ضȻֵһ¶ͷԼĪ˿ڣ˻һ
ǸϽʼɣ𵢸ʱˡλֵġ
ʦǰЦеصҪʲô˵
лȻǷʵҪæģȴ֪һǰضѧϰġ
Ƕѧˣͷض˵⣬ֱˣóʦһʳ׳ԼҲް취
ؿڸˣæͲҪˣҴ˰ˡϲԱ߿ţȳȥô
ͦǰһڰضѲ
ضϴα׷һ֪˵ſڣԼΪе㶪ˣεؿһȻҪæˣȳϣ⣬ڴƷ
ͷġ
˶ȥ˦β͹ţȻؽצӿ
æ
ո˵˰ǺԾ
ǳ˵ĻûôڳæƽڼҲֻǿѡ
ִЩڴ
ңұˡ˵űΣͷԾɳ̶̲β롣
ͷ߸ͷ
ϴô
á
ȴǰ˲٣ˮ۸߶ȿԵæҲûʲô⡣
ÿ˵϶ãճûʲô⡣
һһϴϴĺҲϸÿһ߲˶ҪϴΪֹ
̫ˣæˡչȥһ¡
ſˮ۱ߣӶʪһƬ
ʲô԰æģҿԡ˵
ˡ˵꿴۰ͰͶԼ˼ӹȥЩҪãҲϴһ°ɡ
á
ǫִ̂ǵһãŰ˻ʼղˡ
ǰǹļˣΪչʳĿζ˷˲ٴ߲˰̡
࣬ͬʱҲʱ䡣
Ųˣ̧ͷ࿴ۣùŵİ򿪣ͳӡ
ǵϹޣƽõĵϡ
ûðض׼ĵϣȫԼϡ
ϳʦضʵû̫Զǽһ䷿ʱһǽ˴ĻĻ÷˵Ļ档
Ա˵Ϻ󣬰ض¶Щʧɫ
ôܿõʲôô
ʦⶼĥɷˣֻܴ±һ£ĻҪһԣ˵Գ
԰ֻҪ֪ɫԳ
˵ţͼӣǻǻ͸Һ塣
ض죬ƳˣҲԳô
⡭
Ҳˡ
ֱҪԷǰ׼ض˵ǻһ̽һô
ʮԷ𣬵ԸԸ˵ˣ⼸϶һ벻Ҫʣһ취ģ³Ʒ
ϵܻмأصԱ˵ϡ
ûȥ᲻ԷطԼۣͻᱻ˳ԸĨʣ
û¸ɣɵؿһ߿æҵڸ֮ߣƮ˵ЩŵЩûС
ʱ棬ٻתͷżתʱűŵͻ˲ųһЦ
̫һů̻ʵС
֪ΪʲôֻĵӿһɺĪ
ʹԼĶͷİĵطееۣͷƤƤеܡ
ͷʣﲻ
ҡͷֲʸкܿɢ
ڳﻨСʱеĲˡ
Ŵ򿪣˱
ＹзʨͷȣرѹĴˣҪǰһ촦ʳġ
ǰն˲鿴ˣҲƵĲˣȫͬȷײ֮ŸضĲס
볢ɡ
ض֪û͵ѧ֮һֱģһ˵ôǮҪ
ʱһӲˣɫںתһЩ
ţ಻ͷкʦԳԡ
һ߰š
˫ֽŷϣɵСѧ
ðضڿˣ϶ЩЦ⣬ĻҪãôôģôУÿҲҶȥԹҸ˵ζǵһγԵϧ㲻ҵæ
һ̧ͷ
ЩȫΪ߶˲Ƴͨ˾Ͳˡ˵Ŵ˴ָûֱֶζֺûģһһƵġ
ʳ׬ǮǾƸ׬Ǯ
ؿһ᣺УϣҪֳɡ
ضָ棺ҳζ
ͷУ죬ˣһȥãþͺˡֳҪİٷ֮һҿԱ֤һ֮ڲṩһҡ
ضû˵Ҳû˵ãֻ˵ҳζ̸
ûӻҲûߣֱֱؿ
ض˳ֵؿԼһۣʵôôң
ֻ˻Σ˵ˣһʮܹİٰʮ򣬲ܷڣڸңҾͽõĵϺע㣬Ҳ¼һϸ̸̳㡣
ضԼնˡ
ôǮҪ׬Ļ
㡣
ȣϴصķϣܱܲһ㣬ۣİôһʱòôǮΪ棬ǮȥˡǺô죬ˣô˵Ҳ֡
գգػ˻֣аһ˺ˣͲˡ
𣬱
΢𣬳˹ＹϲĲˡ
ضϽ˻С
㡣
ҲС
ƵصȻ㶼ˣҲܲ˼ҵӣɣİʮ򣬵ǣԺȥԷҪһɸҴۡ
ضãҲܳԵӣҧҧðɣ۾ͰۡǩͬΥԼҪǮҪʮݲס
̯̯֣ԣԱΪǾͲܹˡ
վһԵʦһŭؿһۡ
ġضŵ
д֣ݺͬǩϵġ
ضؿһۣʹظǮ
ۿ˻˼ҲҲֱͦˣͳߡ
ôǮѾڿȳһ׷Ӻúˣʱû뷨
ߣǽȥѪƴ
۾ãѪƴѾʼʲô˼ˡ
˵Ѫƴʵ¸Щ·˳ҲԼЩ
֮תܳǣǰϵĵӲƷ֣˿Ƽ󵽷ɴСּ豸ûˣܹܼңСһоƬֻҪ뵽ﶼ򵽡
ǰΪ
Ϊ˼豸һ׷Ʒ
ǰֻв˵ڶצһ򣬿Ծɲ̫ġ
˭¶УµʱԼֻԱΪš
ʱʵ̫ˡ
һҼҵ꣬˰ȫ豸
ĵԱˣһ̨̨˵ܻˡ
ģû̫¶ȵŮİСǿĻȽƼװã̧ܰԭ壬֮Ϊм߼ͺ̧ʮ壬гܽģʽٶȿԴﵽٶȡͬʱȫˮģʽںΡͬʱԴ֣ܵ˺ʱԶˡ
ǿͬʱⶫļ۸ҲߵףļҪˡ
ĵǺƽֻۣҪ
Ŀ豸תתȥص㿴Ǹ档
ȷʵǳĶ⹦Ҳ̫ǿˡ
Ǽ۸̫ףȵǮͳȥԼϣܲᡣ
м۸񷭱Ȼ޷кǱˮҲԴģʽֻǱ֮Щıʱ䲻Ҳûôǿ
ԥרעĸ߼档
ˮʱòҪɵĻֻҪе㱣ʩͺá
Щ·˯ʱҲһֱš
еʹظǮ֮һתͷͷվںǰ۾գҲգضſ
һԵĻ˵Աϲظܣŷ·ûһ
Ҫǰʡ
عҡҡͷǣסֳߣⶫһûС
צӣҪĻҸ򡣡
ҪұЩԺصצӸԼҲܷˮܰصĶܱ㡣
˵ʵǲҲֵ򣿡
̲סЦֺܿס㲻ֵ򡣡
ոջԺɫһӾ͵ӵصŶ֪ˡ
ϳ޼֮ҲȲϣöǮġ
̧ͷ۾ľˣҲ˿ô
Ȼܻˣûһĵġ
򻶿Ӧţһһֱ㡣
ȥ˰ͬзЧСͼⶫǹһرСɱҲ̫󣬲Ըһ㶯㹻ġ
رǶ˵ʲôצذײ˵á
Щ˾ܳйѽ԰һʲôҪһ
ƽտͦصˣʱһΧĶĵԱ߱˱ܡ
ŲܱôԼʮΪʲôߴߴʲôǸʲôûмôá
Ǵ׶ǹģңȻòãҲĵҪʶ㡣
ûôЩνĸ߿ƼƷһֱѯʵʱ򣬾ĵظ
ʱĳһ䣺Ҳ֪
ֻ˵÷ҲǶʷ
ŶԴǲװһٿȫ顣
Ҳж֪ôûҲȫģϾķչһ֪Ҳ
ûʲôߺܿתһ򷴶
ķʽǺݺץԼü£ûǰһӲ˺ԼƬüצ͵͵ƬõƤ⡣
ץƵ˿ںϸûʲôѪܿϡ
ʼûз֣ͺֻܴצҲֻǣסһһֻһ࣬ͷȥҲڸʲô
ΪڸԼ
ֱ̧ͷ͸ĳװ˲ǽ⿴Ķ
ĽŲ͵ضס
һץסһֻצʣڸʲô
˵žȥƬ
һʶؽƬûаǿʲôҲû
ҿոǲǰץˡһص
ûСʹҡͷȴûƬ
Щ˫Ŀƽʵŭؿ治ҿ
򲻸ң¸²ضצӣ֪ôѡźá
ҡûУÿ
֪Ϊʲô
Ѿȴǰת࣬ɵʱһӦ˺ԼʶΪܾԼҲûʶʲôԡ
ֻۣΪô򵥵ɣŪԼ
ץ͸ԼצӣּԼֱϻһ
Ƭ˺צӺܿ컮ƤѪһӿһƬʺ졣
̧첲´ŪԼһҾԼϻһֱסΪֹ
򾪴ˣ͵סĸ첲ʹҡͷ
ˣҲˣ
лҪ˵ٴ˵򳤴ǰиߵģܾLTΪ
ŬˣҪżܿ

 33 

̧Ÿ첲ϵ˿ڿ
ҪסԼ˵Ļ, ھͻ棬´ô˺ԼģҾԭŵϡ
ʹҡͷ, ᲻ͣµ
Ҽסˣסˡ
֪Լ, û취һδ˺ԼֻǸܿʧ˿ҲС
첲, ǻȥʱȴû˿ԥ
צס˿, Լ, ˿ںܳס߶²סǱߡ
ۣһ¡Ŭ쳤˿ϡ
ƽһЩҿ˿˻ڽϣ˷׷ͣסŲòͰԵǡ
ôΣҲʵ⡣
뿪, Сһ£Ҫڵϡ
ظ첲ܳߡ
һ߳ҭһ߸ϣûƽǣס֣ûпο, ޱģôҲֹס
һ·һ·ߣܵ, ڸӵмԴѾϤϤһ·̲ס̾˿
첲·ʱסˣѪڵϣͣ½Ųͷ
һͷײϡ
һ涵ص
ǣסһֻצӣԣˣûҾ֪㲻һˣ˺ԼʱһҲѹ㵣ҵʱһ
Щס㶵ؿ첲ϵˡ
໥ı˵ĵĸоû
´ǰѾ˵ΣȴûܵС
ǵģɻʵ
԰ǵġ˺Լ㻹кܶ෽ʽԷйòģֱӸ˵뷨һһ
ʲôҲˣиһֵܱȶҪá
֪Щʲôǿ
ԭε̫Ҳ²ʱ飬Ѿˡ
ùСšϸӣѾˣٿȥҪˡ
򳤴ҲС棬Ҳе̡ϲߵĶҪģҲһˡ
߰ɣСˣٸġ
عһסûõĸ첲κ˿ڡ
ãҸû˵ĵطﲻȫ
ˣãҵһƫƧӡ
⿪ŵ·Ĩȥͷ˼ڿˮĨ֮ôŸ첲һ
˳ҡͷûкãۡ
ˣѾȫˡˣȰסҾͺˡ
Ҳ֣צӲ㣬ΣŽСظ
Ȼе󣬺ôסˡ
Բ𣬺ó󡣡
˻θ첲һ㶼󣬰ĺܺáڷˣ߰ɡȥ㶫
ǰ˲·򴩺·ǣ˽ͷ
˵ǱߣҲܣһֱŸ첲
ųڿʼװޣҲ˲٣ͬʱƷǰȫࡣ
⣬Ȼȥһᣬûסս˼С
첻Ƿ꼯ϵͬ꼯ʱһ̯࣬ȫˣ֯ԭŻ˵̯ӱװ޹滮һ飬̨Ϳ˸ɫ໹ֲɫС࿪š
²˲ûôʳĺ͵ζϣֶֻ˶
˵֣˹Ϊʿ
ЦԴôã϶Ůӭ
Ե޹е΢۾ҪŮӭ
һֱ񣬿⣬ȴҲûҪܶϲ
ֻҪһϲ͹ˡ
˭Ҫ
߼䣬һʱɲסʲô첲Ϻܿ͹˸ֹֻܶòӺβˡ
һ㱧ԹҲûУŬָȥץס֣վΪסܻײ˸첲ˡ
ͷۣŷֿͰ͵
岻ڣ鷳ࡣ
ʵΪ˹﷽㣬ﲢֻйÿһ˶ģӸ˰󶨺󣬻Զߣܷװʱ۵ɺСС
ƽʱȹʱľ䡣
ֻⶫеҪһǧ࣬ǰһֱҲ
ȥ䣬һһ
ӣ䣬ͻȻ˴к
ˣ㰡
ͷһһףԴϳһԴ׶ˡ
ϴΰ̯ʱھӣֻŶɵӡ
ͷȻĶſűߡ
ãþòûа̯
ЦЦ¶еɰǰҴڼڵȿʱ̯أһ߲ˣζرãɵҲûٹ
ЦЦˣ´Ҹɡ
ллһôҲҪ㶫Ӻصˣҽаǽ㻹ǵðɡϴθߵֻûô
⻹ûбѣֻӽӴ࣬˵ĸоصǣϲͷǶְֳᶯȥö䡣
еΪʲôǰŮֶˡ
ˣ򡣡ǣ֡
ûдк˼˰һۣ߾ͷĶˡֻûǣӣȴһֱŰĽŲ
һ˲Щ۵صԭ˰á
ǲǣ
˵ķر𶮡
ҡͷǣٺѱˣû֩˰ɣ󲿷˶ǲ鶯ҲЩģ漸ûСǺܴ˵Ļǹͨûʲô⡣
Ψһǣ̣ͨܶҲͻѣҰֻһꡣ
Ȼ
ѾŲ˶ߣеȣϸƬҶһĶҶһѡ
͵תŲ˰һࡣ
͵еȣҾ͸ƬҶӡ˵ŴӰϸƿӷŵǰܻغ
ʲô
Һʳ
Ǹܻӣһ·ͻͻͻͣ˵˵ţ˳ִӰһѲݿʼԡ
Ҫô
Ͻ֣ллˡ
Ŷ㲻ʳʲô壿Ϻûʲôѵáצôƽѵƣ
εصǣԳϲԭΣθ㡣
ҲǡûϹᣬǵսòҪǰŴգ˵ϽھҲҪμӣֻɫǣϲŮԡ
ѪȱıҲ̫Ȥǵͷлѡ
ս֣ʲôû˵˼Ѿˡ
ЦЦ
һ·˵İԣĳ̯ӳñŴ򣬵γĵʮ˸ŵĶԹ
ͷ󺹣һ£ʵ
ǰ˸ͷ֪ôǵʱ̯թǸôģֲ鵽ô
ʱ֪Ĳ࣬˵ҲȻѾȥãżǻᷭһ¡
ʵ̫Ҳ̫ˣܺܶ˶ѾϰΪˡ
֣ôǵãӡ̡Ѷʱһ˺ܾãСĴ˵Ķӵͬѧ˵鿴ҹļʱһӰǺܳҲٶȺܿ죬ûǳڽģǴӳǸ򡣡
˵Żָָ
ûע⣬վߵʱѾӲһʯͷˡ
ʶսָָǶ뵽УʹȻع
еۼûע⵽ԼϽͷĵ˿ڣĽֱ
һĻҲֻվڼ˽µĶɿ˸һ
˵ֻŲλãԼһЩ
ͷĶɼҪˡ
üʵģô
ûؿֻèͷӥ˵ֻ޴һ滹βͣûĶҲ˵ʲô
ŵؿҪðˣͷȥ
һʱ䵹û뵽ϣ˵ΪǾˣķûҪĶҸתǮ㻨ʲôʲôٸҪ
˵Ÿתȥ
Ǯ㻨Ǯôˡ
Сĵ˵첲˵һ䲻ãûΪ˵˸
²ǴطģͷʲôԹ˱Ͱɹƭ˲ٻ£Ҳ١㲻÷ϣûϵҲҵͷϡο
Ҳе㵣ͷĪŸ˳ͻҹˣ˵֮һֱģɱͷ˵ֻ᲻ǣǣȳ鰸ֻ᲻鵽ǡ
ҵȣȹ˼Ҳûκζô˵ǳ׷ģټǹ¡
Ǿͺãллˡ
ԼԺصû£ʲôⶼңҶԳС鶼ر졣ǼӸѰɡ
ն˼Ϻѡ
֮Щǰûеõɻ󣬱ڿȳǵƶȺĳ˹ڰض¡
˵ֻǰûô⣬ܵķ԰ﵱܳʱ򵼡˵ĳһλһ𣬺˷ֿˣλ޸˳֪Ϊʲô˲Ǯڳ￪˼ҲǰⲻôãһЩʳⱬȥ֮ǰЩ˵䷽׸˳һݣг֧֣˵棬˺ܶ˵Ҫɿȳǵһ
û뵽ض֧߾ȻǳôһԼ֮ǰвĻЦһ
ɲǰзɣʲô»о졣һȨľǳ˵ʲôʲôʲôʲô
ȻһЩϵĹأضƶ˵û˿
ɫ̫ãصض䷽͵İɣ
ҡͷǵǣǴġ
˿Ȼǳǽͷݣûʲô񡣰ضķУǿ˵㣬Сè£ƫƫӡ
ضɵùˣмֻ֪񣬷һ˵ʱŵ۴Уܳһ֣ץˣ
ǰضʱоɫе㲻Ȼԭķ˷ۡ
˹ЦһԵɴתԴȥ쿴ȥ·ʲôû
ѵøһʶôͶԵ˶˻ᣬȻһֱǣעȴûϡ
Ҫ˵ȥߴһӰĺߺ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô൱УСҲһӵнֱ֮
ͷôˣ
ҡͷԹɵصҺܺã۲ۣ
֣ۡԲ𰡣ĵ̫Ͷ˺㡣Ǹض԰ǻҪôǵûȥˡ
ڰ֣û£ҲҪȥˣȻҪˡټʱնġ
á
ûڼмֱͣӳȥ
ֵһǸ
Ŵ¶ЦݣչĹĵģ͵˶Ĳһ
õǸҲû첲ô
⿪ŵ·ۣ˿Ѿһ㱡Ị̇ȫоۡ
ˣûкۼˣ
ĸ첲˿ںڴ˴Ҳ֪Ǵѧģôˡ
οЦ
һѶ壬˺ܿ˼ҡ
Ҫضʳܼ򵥣±⡣
Ҳ±ζƵζ±òóԶҪϣζƫƫ̣û͸ͷˣоһ㡣
ι伯жЩϣʼæµ
ûиƨɺ棬ӣĶһãѷŵϺһ˵ܣҲæòɿ
ʱæӳʱѾ󲿷ֶźˡ
ȻѾʰˣҲ̫˰ɡЩؽݡ
վǰԴһֱŵ棬ŵЦһֱûȥ
ǰ˴æˣȻҲ֪Ҫʰáлл㡣
̧ͷЦ£ֺܿͷȥŵ㲻˼л
ǰۣڵϲ
Ըķǳãòֶ£治֪ʲô˻˺
ڿҿ˿ôұ֤뿴һ£ô˵
צԼʱѪӦòֹһ¡
ϵЦʧֱ
㲻ҪҲˡ
治Ҿ뿴һ¡֡
һᣬŴۿеʪͷá
˵·ԭΡ
ſƬڸסĽɫ˲貹â
ǵ翴˿ڵλãܾ׼ҵطϸ
˱ϵĿ죬ھֻʣһǳǳĺۼϸ
˿̲סɪһ¡
ۣ

ûס֣ȥѡ
ڵϹ˺üȦߺߺߣѽ
ƺʶԼĽ̫ʣѾٷôԵĺˡ
ȻȴûбպƬҲûз
ЦϣԽԽȥеˡ
¶ƤԼƬſСĻס˷䡣
ƬѾȫˣʵҲָ˴롣
ٶȼرԺӾͷ
ۼǾҪˣ̲סһСġ
͵سǰһԾ۾
Ӷߴͷ°ڡ
ۣϷɡ
βڶɵĲܸߣβ˦ȥʱݼ⣬ٶҲ졣
ץƬܣоɽִ̼һ㶼һ
ȦԽԽߣԽɽԽߵƱԶԶ
ͻȻԼʿһžȥȹ
ֻǣǰͬһˡ


 34 

ûз, ƽЩƣ۵䣬ͿԺ
, ̱ڵϣƬȫſ, ֻβ΢΢˦
΢΢̧ӿһ˫۾ʪġ
, ôҲԴɡ
۵ϵƬЦܿ, ɽһ, ر̼
֪ʲôǹɽǿЦͷ
ڵ˺һŻ
һֱߣצӼ
´Σܷɵĸ߸졣˦β͵βͳǰȦ·
βͼϵ͹𣺡żһ
ҡͷ
оԼԸǿǷһҪ, ںȻ˳ͱǿĳ嶯
嶯ڿˣΪ˾Լͼǿʱ絽ڿеʱģسˡ
ǴǰǿǸǿҲ޷Щ, ޷Լøã谭ɱ
ԽǿԽʹࡣ
ˣǿԱ, ġ
һú㡣ɽһǰĿͷָһЩҪͷ
ӣϲӡ
ѸٱΣſֱס
˲ա
ãǣ޵۹ϵ
һûҡͷ˵ܣգ۾һ
á
ΪиţҲԼˡ
˵ԺҪֿ˯ȥǰΪ׼ķ䡣
Ҫֿʱһֱվڴǰ˫۰Ͱ͵ؿûпҲû˵ôίֿؿ·һ㡣
˲ЩˣԽԽҲһֱ˯һûɿڡ
˵ѾǸˣԺҪҵĶԲԣҪúܼǿǿܸõıҰҴ˶ԼĶռ䣬ҾطֻҪ㺰ҾõӦ㣬ʲôҪ¡
ס촽۾ȴһֱûе
˵ԼҪʲôռ䣬ܶԶľ붼ֿ
뿴¶ʧΪѵı飬κĻ
˵ͷá
ķԡ
ԼĽż⣬߻˸ڡúֻҪġ
û뵽û߳Զ͸ǣס֡
۾㡭
ҿ˯첻˵һᳪôҸ㳪ҡòã
ʹͷ¶ЩЦá
Ѿ̺ˣϵıӰɹɢůζ
ȥ°ֻͣ¶һ˫۾ڴߵ
ʣҪ裬£ 
Ϊѵ룬üͷһš
Ҫ˼С
ЦãȽºˡҸ㽲һ͹Ĺ¡
Ҳĵƹܻ谵ȴůӳյһ⡣
룬ԭҸĸо
ʱͣһ̾ͺˡ
ˣ½ˡʲô̧ۿһֱԼϣ·ַ·
͹һô
ǰаĹӸ߸ߵϾŹɽԽ󺣣һĵطԶҸֵһ𡣡
գʣǹô
ʱĹЦǣҲǹ¸ǿĺҲҪĹһֱһҸһ𡣡
üͷٴԶ仰ǳ
ѵҪ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˵ʲôֻϲϲĻ
û뵽ӱһָһСüͷѵоײܽ飬ҾԲܺ͹һǲԵġ
㶣û뵽ɾȻ̣ûסſڱϴЦ
ãһ˵öԣײܽ飬ҵĴҵǸӡ
壬ҲֻŮԣҪôǽãҪôʲôݣɲǽס
˲۽ЦỨʹһڡ
ʵ̫ɰˡ
ΪʲôЦΪԼ˵ˣһֱؿ
ͷˣҸ㳪ҡ۾˯ɡ
費ôеҲŵΪеüǲסʣֻܺ߳
˭ء
۾ڳôһҡ˯ȥ
һֱȵȵĺĹϵ뿪䡣
֮ԭӦ˯ŵۣ˳ԼԼӺڰд
æ˺ܾãϴ䣬ʰ֮վǰһۡ
򱣳ǰûС˵һŻϴ
֮󣬾ϸ΢ĺ˯ˡ
һĥҲѧĥĥ֨֨ģôܺ档
ãôҲ᲻ñۣĽģ˯˹ȥ
ض˸һ͹ˡ
ͷϾͽһ±ãû𴲽¹ãʱԺӶ±ζ
˹ʱʱðõ֭ҧһ㵽ͷҪȥˡ
ӻʹ˿ڿˮ
Ƿ˼һģͨƽţ⣬һЩ߲ˡ
߲±ǳ·
ˣȥɡװõĺƹȥ
֮ͷ֪ʲôʱѾˡ
ض̫磬ǻ˯³صعźʹӡ
ˣô
۾ͷ˯˱ըͷ
ͷĺܿ죬ǰĲβѾ磬էһе
һԺعסվһᡣ
ȥϴ
ļ磬طƺִһЩǰ쿴ŻʮҵӣߵԼزھѾҪˡ
һҹ֮䳤ô죬һӦǻơ
ƫ˼·ü
·С˵㡣
֪ôûʲô֢ʵںܵģȴûκ˿ѯʡ
ϴ꣬վ˲ǰ
ǰҪƬѾܾöûвԹأûȥˡ
ʱīƸϢֱӷ˹ȥ
֮ͷȻһµҳˡ
û˵ص£ֻ˵ߡ
˿ǰǰ죬ѾҪˣٹͱҸˡоʹ
ҡͷ˵ûУı飬һСеʹҲ̫
οٷʱͻöಹƣŹԳ
󣬵ͷնˡ
ǰԼնϣÿβ궼ֱӷ
ûע⣬ĽԼնҲȥͬʱ͸ˡ
غļ֣ʹȭͷصնˣٳȥ
ôƺûʲôôԶˡ
Ҫôʡ
ʣܹô
˵û£Ǯˣʲôԡ
һ֪УΪ˲˷ѣǼ
Сߣһѧϰһ߿
ѧϰеʶҲǺܶࡣ
ʵȳѧУģûаѸ꼶ֿСѧлǴѧȫһط
ȻҲô֣ǷΪм߼
ȳǵѧУҲֻһѧУռܴڳ⡣ڣҪֻܴӳڡ
ѧѧѺܸ߰ھ񻹺ãסڳҪѧϰҪһ߶á
ǰûǹȥѧУϿΣЩԥ
ͣڴ㶣ԴչʵôˣôңҿԽ㡣
ѾʼӦʦˣ˽ﻹ͵͵Ͽʦôڿεġ
عǰǼǲס⼸ֳ̫ˣǸ
ֻƴ֣ܿһԲȦҪֱ͵ö򣬶һҪͷۻ
Ǹ͵ˣֻҪÿվͻնѧһᡣ
κΣԼ̫ǵ̫ǿ
ϸһᣬͻȻһ¡
˵ŴԼն˿ʼдд
ͷҪڸʲôЩ˼ؽĻŲһЩȲҪ
á
ҵȣãߴתͷֻԭۻҵԱߣһСˣл䣬ʯͷ
ܼ򵥣Ƿǳһ۾ܿʲô˼
㵵صɴۣⶼ㻭ģҲ̫˰ɣ
û뵽˹Ŀ֮⣬򻹻ử
㾿жҲ֪
һֱԼܲʵʣԼж㡣
ҡҡͷĲÿ
ﲻªĻΪ漼ķ󲿷ֻǳ㲻Ҳܾ¿ɰ
һֱԼͦѿģҲûǰչֹ
ɽмģΨһܴʱԼתעİ취
ɽǽں̦޺ϣ˸顣
˫۷ŹĶЩ˭˵ˣǳÿܴ϶ر˼
ʲô򲻽⡣
ͼصƣôڲࡣᣬ˭йһ㿴̬ͼ
һЩ˼Ĺ¼򵥵ػÿǸ鲻ô࣬һֱžͻ˼롣
ʱҲԻһ£㿴뵽ģʲôԡ
˼صͷ
ضĻظʱģݺݿ±ζֱеޡ
ǣ˸ǡ
±Ⲣʲôһ޶ĲɫֻҪǴ͹ﶼУ÷ֳɾеˣӦϣҿ۸񡣡
ҡͷҲ˵ˣȻ͹ݶУǵ±ζĺã֪һ¥ܿҪʼˣʱˣʧޱң
һᵽǮض˲Ͳˡ
ȷʵڼ䣬ǵ˶ᳯۼǴĺʱ򣬽ֻҪᵽȳǾͻ뵽ʱûǮ׬ô
һɲУ̫ˣֻǳ˸䷽бҵƾûˡ塣
һɣҿ꣬겻ҡ
塣
˼أضɿڡ
˺һԣʱһꡣ
У꣬꣡
µͬʱͽ˾á
ضôѸٵĻشŪ£ӦԼʵ˵õģʱں޵ֱӡ
ˡ
ЦЦǩͬɣֳҪ½ᣬÿ´˻ϡǮһ䷽ˡ
ضأԴϵͷ޾ɵģһеġ
ôɥԿġ
òǣȻԸ˺ٺͬ
£ͳײٻǮˣֻҪգǾһֱнˡ
ƾŰضҲܽӪԽԽá
뵽ܹǮӣǾ̲סֵ˶
ֱһץס
ԺͲóǮˣǵҲܻɷˣҲ֪ҪҪգһ¡
ԴԴն˳˺þá
ǵҪգΪܸϵͳȫɵϲֻҪ趨ĿͿԷֲˡʱ򵱳ѵѧᡣ
õǮ
õǮҲҪһ£ҪȺܾá
һȥԽԽȣΧûľԺҲȵУ˶ˣҪһˮ
ݺĵȫ˽ɫ˶Ŵ̫һʱ佫ȫ˻
иѿǻԴϲϸëվݺͻͻͻظµѿǡϺ䤱ë˰ѺװͰ
Ҳûţ촽΢ɣװӵͰصǰԺºֵŵŵŵܽ˱ˮܻߡ
ˮ
ôȵһ㺹ûгһֱæǰæȥɵĻࡣ
оࡣ
굾ӻҪʰأһ
æ˺ܶ죬˶ɹȡ
̱£ŸҶƴȷ硣
ллıӡ
˵أҡӵٶֿЩ
Ȳȣ
ȡҡͷȷʵһκûС
ڿװԺͲôˡ
ԭΰ£ոյļƬԵԽ
С¹ȥֳ߳ˣ׶ߣԽ׳ʵҲʮӡ
θߣԾǸСӣȴ֡
ųԽ۾ִ󣬴ɫͫżһĨɫôɹƤϸ嵽ûһ˿仯
Сʱĳھɱ·ϣѾϡ
ϵⲻû壬ԵԽ
һ쿴Ҳܱʲôӡ


 35 

Ѿͬߵ, ҲҪſˡ
ƺûиܹԼôߴʱεĸоβһɻתԴ, ֿ档
һߡֱȻһ¡
öͷԴǰѾһ, 㳤ÿ졣
߳ˣϵİҲԽ͹
ͷڸס, ƺܲԸ˵ӡ
ѾѧԼͷ, ѧβ, ַ̫ã˯һңһɡ
Ҹһͷڵϡ
ɵؽַϥϣֱֱͦġ
ȻԭξԼɸ򣬵εʱվĺֱóһ
ҽ, ȦȻͺˣܼ򵥵ġ
ԼͷܵϴȥԼ
ԭβſƬĽɫ, αͷͺˣرʱ, һϿԵúɱأϾг
Ҳ
ϣͷ
ð
ֲһͷǴָߣͦţ˰ҲûŪãǰסˣ滹м˵ϡ
Щɥɿ֣ԲŪá
ЦЦַ̧ס֣żҽ㡣ץסͷֳһָסӲһȦɿͷӡ
ϵᡣ
̵ְֽѧˣ˫ضͷβ
Ը̾
ʵֹԭʼʱķˣȥԶסͷܷʽҲܶࡣ
ֶֻûʲôҪⷢԼòģص׹źÿʯͷ
ѾܸߴĳˣһƵʵ˦β¶ɵЦ
ڣԼ񾭲ˡ
磬װڿµ˾ˡ
ĸĺǿ׳ˣŷģȷλú󣬾Ͷæ
վһԿš
ɻ϶һźܺ˸ӻǶӣˮţͷһĽǡ
ôסôƫƧĵطǹ˰졣ɭֲԶΣհɣôᵽȥס
ҡҡͷסϰˣҲƫ
ûж˵˼ֻ򵥻Ӧһ䡣
ֻˮţȴ߶߶ûͣһʶһ·Ҫʮ˱ʳ
ҲˣֻܵŰ䡣
ǲ죬ˮţ㬵תȥֹǹ񱣬ôƵķӻҪװϵͳǮĻš
˵꿴˲ߴһۣҲȥɻˡ
üͷ𣬿粽ǰϽ˻
û¡
֮վڼǣߵĶģ˸ɻٶȶࡣ
Ѿװˣ򿪸һ£κϵǡ
վһ£˿ģһȻ粻֪Ӻδ·վڴĲԭһˬǻΪյһоȿյࡣ
ڸһȦ¶ȶһȻܺ¡
ԣллˡ
˺ܿ뿪ûгʲô⡣
ŷ뿪ջߣصߡ
ͻȻĸо
ţԡ
ָŷ뿪ķ򣺡ֻţϣвĸоȴ˵̫ʲô
ǰЩһֻţǣֲ̫񣬴ԼЩ⡣

洦ɼͷβϲİԵĸŮһ޲굽˴´̽Ҿʲô£ԼõĻ˵䣬Ҳϲ侮ʯ֡
ûôҲû̫ϡ
סƫ鷳ҪԶܹǼôƾɣһӦòô벻Ҳ硣
ϧƫƫôе˴ڡ
һаһҲûʲô쳣
˺·һߣҪ
˯֮ͦҹ¶½Ҳˣƽȣһȫ˯šװϵͳˣûǸ㣬Ծû˯š
Ǻ˯Ʋ
ʶֽ΢һЩҲܿĿİؿʼճ뵱ڲʱľǵӵԺֻ
ҲǸŮһصĿˡ
նͶĿԵڴСҵһڱĵӰĻСµǽؿ
ᴵ̧ͷһƬ貵Ǻӡ
һƺҲͦõġ
ԾЦ
ûӣ߾Ͷ˸ˡ
ˣͷʡ
ҡͷСѯʣûгҿһô
԰
˵ߡ
ɵذŵߡ
һӰʱСʱѾˣճϢʱ䣬˸Ƿļ
ˣȥ˯
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Ϊ˼ͬУ˯ú㣬˸Ρ
һߵӰ죬Ҳ˯˹ȥ
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ͻȻһ̴ٵĺ̵ԼĪֻӣҲܴһʯͷҽˮ㹻˺Բơ
һֱܾ͵شӴ
ϸ΢˵Զ
һ˯ûܵ˿Ӱ졣
ƿӣŵߵǰ⿴ȥ
ֻһƾɵķ߷ɹ˵ЩһϸŮѹô
Ҽǵһ
ôƵķʲô׳һҿɲɡ
İɣƷӶװϵͳ϶ǮġҾһŮ˸һ̣ССһֻ־ʰùûǮҲȥŮ˳ɫܲ϶ϺüǮ㵣ʲô
Ů˲ͷصˣ˵ˡ쵽ˣС㣬˳ˡ
˵ܿʧ
ŭսȭͷ޲ֱӽ˸˺顣
΢Щǣ³
ûȥ͵ƿӷȥѸٵعϴӡ
һûгһӣڣؾͱԭΣɫƬҹɫںһ
û˷Ժ
ĳԺŲȥ
ھ뷿ݲԶϣˣһŮУһ˿ӣֻˮţ
ŮҲǸˣһνʱŻߵķɫŮˡ
ûдɫǴһڡ
ܺãĺɫβ͡ŲԴϻһԺɫԲ䡣ƺֻ
ﶼ΢ĹоһЩв
Խ˿Զĵطֻʬص
ǵֻǵҺСҡ
ԣЩҲǺϤˣżҲ֪ˣ϶ǳѹ
ǰȥ˼ĳֻˣԱ˲ʲôӰ졣ֻúܷŭǳǳķŭĵðɱ⼸ˡ
ٶȻӿ쳯ǰȥ
ŮȷĴڣָζ˼еǲжǹˣ
ʲôжôԱԻ
ۿôһźٶȺÿ졣ѽʲôǱˣ
ҪҪһ̧
Ůɤϸصͽеǻ˳ѡ
ɲҲѾˡţ˵
ҲǣǾսپûӦϽɵ
ʲô
ûиǹ̸ཻʱ䣬ֱӳ嵽ǰצ͵سŮצȥ
ŮҲϳԼӡ̡
Ȼ㣡ЩӣŮ͵̧ϴҺܿôһβŹˣȥɣ
ɫĹȻѸϡ
⹥ʽ񼤹Щ̫ɱʹ͸ǿٶҲޱȣ޿ɱܡ
Ůһ̧֣ԱҲ̧֣ͬʱϡ
飬ϸ΢ײվԭ˿Ҳûˡ
ƬסˣͬʱƬҲһĺۼеŵĺζƮ
Ȼˣһ˶ûУŮ˿ʼˡ
ôܣôܻû¡ѹ
ľسĴӿۣǰצӻӶ
ûκ谭أһͷ­䵽ϣŮԴŻҵɫ˫۴ŵص
Ѫܿ쮳Ů˵嵹ڵϡ
ޱؿˡ
Ů˾Ȼô׾ˣ˾ŵˡ
𣬱
ô˵ţȴûͣٵس򹥻
ײڶһ²ôҲûˣܵĹҲܸоۣۣǱ˸ʲôػһ
ԱȫоƵģһس˿
ǹܣ
ţڳܲסѹгתͳȥ
һ˵ٶȱ죬Ѿһ˹ȥֽŲõ˷ļϡ
˦βͣצץסţͷ˵ĺ죬һצɿ

ţͷֻһоûϢ
һȥѾ˷
ƾɵķͺϾɣҪһӡ
ƽվöݵһӣʱȴоĥ
һſ̨һ̧ͷ棬غţһ㣬ٿһ㡣
צץסǰһ룬ˡ
¶ЦֻҪתҪ뿪
ϧѾûлˣһƾշ͵ײǰ
һ£Ѻۡ
˾ֵؿ㣬㾹Ȼɡ
ڶײԴ˽ȥӴ塣
ŹңŹҰɣҪģǣǱҵġ˲ϰš
ôĮצӡ
ڴˣܷͫУѾ˿ɫֻһƬֲõĽɫ
ɫһûκθĻһ㣬Įֲпᡣ
צͬ˵ĺ󾱣ûüѾԴһᵹϡ
ȥһβڿ̨ϡ
žĻ𻨱𣬿̨˸ף׹ڿз
ӴŷݴС
ɫðٿ̨Ļӵ࣬žһеһж˸ɾ
еӳźҹĴţ˷ֲǽɫǻ⻹۾ԭɫ
ֱһϤ
ģ
ҹ˵ʱΪԼΡ
˸Ҫ˯ûʧ
װ˺ϵͳͲܿŴӣû溰þʲô
ʱ͵طӦ档
һԾӴ׶ûļϣЬͳȥ
ڣ˲ˣ
ĶʱȥһҲûתš
ŵʱ׷ŷ뿪ֻһģӰӣûκλӦ
سԺⱼȥѹûע⵽£Ǽ֮Ȼرʲôڵء
Լңƽʲôﶼģطǳڣܶκζ
оŵصʪʪĶˮֲ̧𣬶ʱһѪζֱš
ɴ۾Ӧ˺ڰ֮ڿˣſԱߵģһʬ塣
һ˲гҧסˡ
̧ʬ壬ǿźµǰʬСŮԣ
Ҳʱʬ岢ûͷ
ƣڲԶҵһ˫ĿԲĿԴ
һ£һֻʬ壬ԲκηӦ˼һܲܳԺòóԡ
ǸˣжĶβͣҲǸˣ˼ʶͬࡣ
̧ͷԶ򶼲Ӱҧʬ˿ڴܹ⻬Ҳ࣬һ
ͨﲻЧצء
̲סȥ룬ѵɱģ
ɱˡ
ͷ֮һֻš
ôɱˣ
ǰֲڹطе޷£ܿﲻǵˣ޵۹ǣûκηɿԣɱôû˻׷ףֻҪǮȨûʲôڲƽ¡
ڵãԶȻıըѡ
Ȼײײسǰܣڶβ㱻
һʬ壬ƽסԼͬʱߵ
żţˣԱߵŰһֻԴڣֻеˡ
ԺȫǸַӵͷе²ԭò
˼ƵǮͶ˼ͬ٣ɱ
ֻ
ǵģֻѣûбˡ
ҧԽʬǰȥ
ڰгֵĻǳԣһڿڻǰľ޴Ӱ
򣡡

͵ػعеĽɫһɢƽյӡ
ֿߺܹ߳

Ҳȥ˻ϡ
ſֽرסһʱ䳯Ƭȥûˣ
ߺؽԴϣſƬ¶еƬίصǴҺۣƬˡ
תת壬˵ƬݵС
ԭ⻬ϸƬʱֲڵ÷·棬ϸŶŵһŵĽζ
ûµģԺ󻹻ỻɸÿƬ
һɿģ·Ǽ˶ɱһ
Ծûƽʣʲô£
ͷȼյķЩƣǹ٣룬ҺСҲˡҹȥǾͿʼңҺԲҲǹҪģҾ̫̫ˡ
ǻᳳǻ˺
ʹסצӣûֻѣ㲻ľˡػǵļҡ
ô֪Բԡ
˵ǰʵڰԼ
Ϊֻ˵ԼͻһС


 36 

Ļһֱ˺ܾúܾ, Ũ̹ζڿտĲݵƮ˺Զ
Żʣ棬ˣ
Ƭ, ЩӵСһҪ, ҡ
ɱһҲûŹ
ܺ߳, Լ, Լ̡
֪ôͻأԺе, ɴʱ˿̣ôġ
Բ𣬶ԲңҺܻҰɣҲСµ㣬᲻Ծ
, š
ֻҪֻҪ㲻ңԡ
˺ܾõڶϵȷʵһ˲˿־, 򰡡ʲôĳԶΪ˱Լ
תʹס򣺡˭˵ҪˣԴ춼Щʲôܲεõģ
̧ۿ, ǰһԼʱֻйк͵ġ
˻¡
˵ˣֻѣûдҲû˻㡣
ʵؿһͷ·Ҫǰܵίȫ޳һôֹס
ããʶĺܺúܺá
ܴǰжѰһ̶ûôҪˣΪѾȥˣҲˡ
ԣˣûˣѾûˡ
վԭغܾãļӦú̵ܶҹ·޳Щ쵽
ȻģĸоԼԶһ
ڣڵȰʬ崦û˻֪ԣȴʬ塣˵ߡ
ಽظһ;˾˴ҺСҵʬԡ
ͣ½Ųɣڸô
һԵצܿСĿӳ֡
װãԽֻǷŽ˿á
߰ɡ
ԺĵƱ򿪣Ĺ档
һѪɫͱ佩Ӳʬ壬ÿ̲סľսԼһĳڻҪæ
Լɱ˷İһѹ̲ס˼յ˵ϡ
ոõٴα
У
ͷϥһһΡ
ȵΪԼ׼ˣ̧ͷʱǷĳȻһһ
˱ϾҰ޲һ
ҵվߣڡһΣȻͬѡ
£õİ취ǴԴͷ⡣
Ըʲôȱݣڹıܶȷѡ
ûܡ
Բ𡣡޴˵š
ûʲôӦֿʬ壬ĬŲʬߣצӡ
ʲôʬϡ
صߣСı

ƬվɣҰ忪ȰʬװȥҴӡ
˵žȥûʲôӣ˲
建سʬȥ
СʱҪˣôƲƺҲĿһĻ
ٴҪ;㵵ط֣ǰѾʧȡ֮ģ˶Ķʬ壬һֻɫһֻˮţ
⡭ô£ʲôͷ
ҡͷãʣʲô
ָˣɶˣֻܱԭô
Ͱ͵صʱ򣬻ض̬
ԭôûôɣⳡҲͷһμԼĶ࣬˵Ǿǡ
ֻܱҪ׽ܵĶ࣬˺ʬ̧塣
˵ɽɡһȦ
ɽΪɽأɽ䲢û̫දûȥ֮צӣʯͷǡ
֪˿ûʲô£ӦҲմѪзɿԹҲ̵ϡ
ɾӦǷɣͨе
ԼӦӦĹǾôҰΣա
ֻǹԼǹضѡ
һ·û˵һֱĬţСذţƬش½ǡ
뿿ֲ̫ҲֻĬĬ᲻ҷ
ѾҪԼ޳ˣһ·ϸ΢ĵδ¡
˵ԼתͷȥʱƬѾˮˢûᷢˡ
򡣡
ڸԼ˵ˣ͵̧ͷڵá
Ÿ˵˸־̲ס
ãáԽżԽͣ
ıż
㣬ãҵˣʵ
ҡͷû㣬ҾǵһμֳеûӦθ¡´
ȻƬֵ̣ߣסצӣھöˡ
ʱѾЩˣӰԽԽ
ſڵѪζԾɺأϵĺɫźܴۡ
˳ͷմѪĵطȫװ
طȷţŪʯͷ
תȥʯͷ
֮ȥڸסԭζ
ǰӵһԣ˿÷ܼ򵥣ť׼Ŀͺˣɵʽ
ŲݵسŰһ£һ׹Ѹײڶ֮ڵϣϢģϳһСĶ
㵵˸ӣһ׶ɼ֮ǿ
ⶫǶ˴û˿Ŵ͸ˡ
˵Ƭеһ£Ƭ´򲻹ҲҪƴȥɵǡ
ϴһŽӵס
Ūֳȥҷ
ĻѾˣǶһƬڣǵƮһЩΧһȦĲݵҲ˺ڻɫ
սһĴӱˣɢŨҵĽζ
̽ͷȥһƬڣ߰ĶһʲôҲֲ壬˴ڵĺۼ
ʱûдҲʱûа취Ūߣֻ¾ͻȥˡ
ʱͰͱʯͷվǰ·Ҳʯͷһһسš
һˡ
ʯͷʯͷٸ
̫ˣźۣȷһ߰ɡ
á
źʯͷϽ󣬾±Сһ󣬾צץס֡
ûԺ¡
û˯ãһҹĳɫЩѿ
صϸ˵һϷô˵ʲôʲô
ûش𣬶Ǵؿһ
ҲҪ㣬ֻ֪ʲô
Ŀİؽҹѵ˶ԻŸǶϽֺ֣סԼ
Ȼ˵˵úϸ
˵ҪԼǹﲢҪɱֱ̧ס
ίˣϻ۲ˣ˵Ƭ
ǼƬ˵ĵط޷ٻָԭˣԭһƬ⻬ĵطּƬӿݣϳһԣԼۼȲŵ˵ӦñʹԽܡ
ۼֱشǰһֱںת۾Ҳָɡ
ˣѾˡֻңҲö֣Բ𡣡̬ȳϿҵصǸ£ѾǸΡ
һᣬԼֵԭ򲢲̫ʺڵûʲôҲԼĵ±׼ȥҪһô
ε£˸ɵǣҲ벻õĽ취
ߣȻҲǲܵģ㶾һ٣Ҳֻм޺ͺ󻼶ѡ
ֻǵһγ̫´£ԼܴˡϾҲϰߡ
ûɱ˲Ψһ취;ҪбпΪǳˣҪǱô죬Ҫһֱɱȥô
üͷﶼãȻܱ㣬һú
֪̾һΣô죬ȴ˼Բߣٻصء
ɵصͷá
ϵƬ׼֪ģͻȻһ¡
۾
Ҽǵãֻͷ˵Ǻ󾱴ˣĿ˵β͵ҹֻˮţҲǺ󾱣㡭
ͫ˲һβҲסˡ
Ǳһ쳣ûУֻץĸ첲ͣҲŸջɡ
ҲǣƬɵʱҲʱǻƬǰ
һ˲ˣԲ̫ˣҸǸ
ܴȵԭ
˶Ժʯͷ·֮ݲݳ˵㷹˾ٴλصǰ
̫ôãƲضߣܴƺҪˡ
Ѿðˣⶫ̫󣬲Ҳ֪ôźãܹ鲻
ԸµصҰɣҿ԰æ
ŵȥ
ǱߣеطԲء
֪˼Ҫⶫܱ˷֡
ʵرԼɱ¾ˣϲʬ壬ϲɱˣǸԺҲѧơ
ֻҪܲʲôԡ
ڶûзһ㣬ԼڣûԱպ͹¿ľͷųΪΨһĹԴ̶֮ȵһж˼Ϊȡ
ѧѺƭ
ûʶ㣬ԼŲ·β͹סһ˷ڱϣŻλƵվ
üвУҲ̫ˣҰ㡣
˵Ҫȥ豸ܺãɰص
˦˦βͱʾãǿصأҿԡ
Σһ
ӦȵͣڿУԸСŵңҺܿ
˵һ٣͵سǰȥ
һᣬӰܿʧ
óǰĹ߿ʼɨƬԺۼĵطջĲȫɽĹҲȫɨɾ
˵ҪӦֿﻹеܣҲֻǿԼȥЩ
ûдɨѾˣЩƣǰ
ſڲݴУƬȫһڻңرࡣ
Ұһ˭ֲˡ˵
²ϵëߵߣϸϸظƬ
ˡ
࣬Ҫʲôҿ԰æ
ëװĺݸطҪᣬҪ㳤
ӹСеһ
һæһ졣
ʱ֣еطϡ
˻صԺӣ̱Ͽա
ƶѻߣҪ䲻ģƵ
Ҳһơ
Ϊֹ˵ƺûκηӦҲûҵ
СĵߣβȦ
˸ƣԴβϣնһ¿ȳǵš
ŶǼıߵϸܣص޽иֿȳסָϣܾƹݽȵȣһƬƽ
ָڰնԥãҲûеȥ
һʳ˾ͻ֤ݡ
ԴԼβϿʼͽӲԭһǳְصһͷ
ƣβģǱһҲôӲŻͦ
һֵһ죬ҹҲû˯ãžͲԾر۾
նҳԶرգ΢΢˺
û뵽ô˯ˣӲҶˡ
һڿʼУۼžҪɴꡣ
СŲλã֧צӿϣƬſԼƤ¡
裬챻ˮһƬɡ
ˮƬ𴦣һ㶼ûմϡ
ѸٺȥڣҲ¶ȱ½ࡣ
Ծάԭȵƣͷ·һ
֪Լ˯˶ãǱѵģĶƤͦůͣƬλú
˸£һƬڰεδ´ˡ
ɻض˶ԼڵλЩ֡
·СĹײһ
ҪһǽڣסĶͳ涯˶
е㲻̫
ģ
Ժ˯ˣ´ˡ˵ԾûҶ
ŷӦԼŵĵط壬Դµͷβͣն˿ʱ䣬Ѿʮˡ
˯˺üСʱ⼸Сʱһֱάͬһƻһ
һůӿֵɵôôңβûУ
ƺֲֵ̫ĻߺɵЦλβ͸飬ۣҪϢ
ҿԻϢ϶͸ˣϴϴɣһ춼ûôԶ
ˡԷִţֻҪͻ˵ԼˣԵҲǰһ㡣
ƤСܽݣŸ˽
ëϸɾ
´˯ֱӺҾͺˡ
˵ֻЦЦһϸ
Ҳź¶˽һЦ
һֱһҹʱ綼·װССĲһҫ۵Ĺ⡣
ˢкۼ̵ʯմˮ飬һҹ֮ðѿģ
򵽷׹ĵطۣ챻ͺͺĵطҲðѿͻĵطһ̲ûκβͬ
˿
ûˡԼǶ˵
ûп𴦣һֱһֱ
ʵ֤ĵȷʵǶģ֮һֱȥС£Ҳûƽƽģ·ʲôһ

ۿһĳ߳ٶȱĴҪ죬һһÿһȫµе޷Ӧ
ٶȷ·ڽʲôһ
Ѿ߹ԼһͷԭϸϸɤͳȥҲ履ԼĪʮߵӡ
ڴǰѾǸ̸ĸˡ
ֵϼ̨ף񵥿ü۶ܿĵӷǳ㡣
ȻǾ仰˵һӶǱɣдʮ˱䡣
˵ԼЩԾĵط
лҪ˵дʮ˱䣬ԽԽÿ
żҲżQAQĸҲܿ࣬

 37 

Լе㲻̫һ, ɻĵͷԼһۡ
ûϵ᳤ô죬·Ҳûǰ׼ãǴ·, ֻǴ߱˵㣬·ûĹ, ӺͿš
ңѿô½ʵ, ͵͵, һ, Ҫһ
ôıǰһûκα仯
ҲһһЩϤС
ÿŵˣ仯ôҲ˵İС
ͷԼѾҪżʱ򣬸ĳļ
û£ͦõ, ߴֽ׳ȫˣܿɿ
۾Υطһߡ
ǰɿɰСߺҲ˵, Ϊֻٹĳˡ
ԼͻȻͷǺ
ֲԾȥͷͼס, ɫɱϡ
ⶫѾ̫ˣôڶǲס
һס֣ڣ󡣡
ᱩ¶סͷ
û£ܶදﶼнǣû˻ע⵽ġ
һԾɶԶͷϵĽǺܽ黳
̫ΪʲôôԼĽǣӦöеģǰֻҲС
㲻ϲΪʲôⲻôʡ
ҡͷĬú˵һ仰塣
ô಻õľҲ
Ҳģڿ԰ģûµġο
򳤴֮ҲԽÿ춼֮ǰȽǰݺĲ˵ظˮݣȻϴ佫·ϴ
иϴ»һϾɻĺˣÿյƺʲô
´ŵ˯ֱӷĳϴ
ʱˡ
ʲôʱģô
Ѿǳߴ֪ΪʲôķӦô󣬵ͷվǰԾһ޴ؽ͵Ҳ԰æɻ
ЩƳԼ·ῴʲôһ߬½ǡ
ûעС;úܸжԼ˸СһݹԵġ򲻻һˣֻҪԵȶͺˡ
ˣһϴɡ
ûΪʲôϴ»´˯
һסˣѾ˦ˮ׶Σᱩ¶ʲôСŲλվԼߡ
һ·ϴôԺ
ǰһĿʧҲ죬̫ٴռգÿ춼ػ顣
·Ҫȥߵ߸ϣԶԾ˵׼вˡ
Ҫʲô
ҲûֹԱָгɶ
ÿĿȾ˼ˣŵСĵ
ô
ԣĺܰ
ºϸҲ棬һͶͻãгĶҲÿһСһģһֺ
ֻǵ߽̫СûһµʱеסˣǼСôô˳ۡ
תϴ˵ʱһĨ߽϶ӽͰ
ʵˣʲôû˵ֻû
е壬ǰûʲôͷҲ֪ôֵġ
вˣϴҲ˹ȥ
Ƿʱʵ˲ٶҲװϴϴ»һϴϾɣѾˡ֮ĳϴûҪˡ
ϴε飬ڲװʲôֳĻ֮ˡ
ȥɣѼװһ£ݶϴֻޣһ꣬һ꼾ҪȥõĲȫŪһ顣ĶҲĴе֨죬ӰϢٸµ¹񡣡
һ߿ˢ룬һš
ûʲôҪʲô֧
ֻ¹ʱͣˢĶ
üͷЩʧкܶĶ¹ֻҪ򿪣ͬʱĶ
ֹһĸоܸУϲ
Ҳֻס촽ʲôû˵
Ѿ߶ˣ֮ͷûı顣
ȥɣҪĶ٣岻һܳŵסٹضǱ߾Ҫˣǿһλֱ˵²˵ķǳãִ˹棬˶ൽææ
Щ֪ʲô¶˵ʱһ»ᷴ˵üΡ
ؿá
ھ߰ɣ㶼ѽĻˣڼҲš
˵ߡ
ÿνǾŷһһ²ȥһΣƵκ̫ܵͣϲֵ˶ԽǶ˼ڴ
ûȳǵĳڸѾ깤ڿʼԳˣߵ;ʱ·ߵϾͶ˲ѤĲʵƺͻͶӰ
Ϊ˷ֹҰжƻʵƺͶӰ϶װ˵һͻиѹͷţҲԽӲá
һ·ǿ˲ٵ·ԵĶССУв࣬вûгʬڡ
ΪԲ׽ʳˣǰûʲô޵ĵطҲʼټ
üЩǰӦûǹҰЩ
ҲǣͨûȨģֻҪץסͿ㴦ãûʲôϡﱣ֮˵û˭ֻ䲻
޷Ѳܱˣ͵ȵҰ޶ѡ
ʱһֻӴϻ֪˹ɫ۾ԾԾԵضǣ͵塣
ԭԹߵſڰӱԵȥſҲϻһƵĽ
еĺ߽Уǰʱɱָɱ̫ˣԻ࣬Ҳơ
ϻЩɵس˵㡣
۾ͣɵĺ
ϻںˣתѸӽּ䡣
ϻתָֻƽյģϥһַϥϣɵؿߡ
Ұˡ˵
ЦЦԽԽˡ
ԺӰô˵ܺȻؿ޳ԸӱԼߵ˵ֻĪоһܸ߳С
Ųʲô߲߳ܣõ޾ͷǳģβҲһ˦һ˦ġ
˺ܿ쵽˳սǾֱĵط
ⶫˣھ޴ķдѲ
͸һҲֺ֣ܶͨС͵ģмõģҲרͻģܴĲա
ǰЩΣʱҲԾۻò⡣
ʱдǻвڵ
޷ԷɣҪԷָкܣֻ豸顣ÿҷԱ߶ȫϢʻϷɽʱĸоޱʵ
ûнӴȫϢϷЩЩԥмէ֣ȴΪֶʧ
ԥʱԱ߲֪ʱ˸ˡ
һôǿܻеΣҽԱ߿һ£Ϥ°Ͳİڶ
ͷȥǸܸߴ׳ˣúܳҲӢЦУЦʱ¶һڰ۾Ǵɫģһ
֪ΪʲôЩ졣
߱ҪһͷǰоѾĴһһվߣԳرǶԷʵޱȵı۰ؼϵķ޴Ρ
£òصллѡ
ҪҰæʾôҶҷĲϤܲԼ۱Ҳܸߣǽճ¿öõġֻǲе㸴ӣȻʹܲٿأҸѧֶһκ⣬ԾȡϾؼʱҲֻܿԼϵص̯Ц¡
ֻŷ˵˼䣬ûжǵĿʶ·ǸԱһҲûдŹ̽ʹֻǺƽֱ۾
İ˺ܾ裬Ļ̲ס˵ͷ
ȷʵѧֶȽϱգһ滵˾ֻܵˡ
Ͽãԣǰôʡ
⣬⡣
˴֣ȫϢģʽǹָһڵߴԶģʽĿĵءԽֶ⼸ǡ
УԿͻȻͶӰһķٿָ̨ذڸİϡ
⻹һο˲ٿЩҲЩ
˵ʱһֱĬվһԣ촽ԼҲûصˣֲԾճȭͷָٽ
֪ΪʲôоƺĿһʯͷһܣҪĿͨĺܺã΢紵ࡣ
оǰʱһȴʱˡ
ƵץؿڵƤԼôˡ
˽ĺϸҲúϸԼǲס͵͵ն˼¼˶ԷĲ
ȵͣʱʱѾȥСʱˡ
ڼ䣬һֱһֱڼûпԼһۡ
ִûкôţԼܻͷԼ
Ҫ壬֪ԼѾǺˣףٲһʱؿޡ
գŷ۾ڽסẰһ

ڸ˵һƬӵ͵ػعͷȥޱȾ׼ؿ
ôˣһʵС
ոտҪȥˮٴҪӿƣñӺᣬŬ¶ЦݣԼһ㡣
ôʡ
֣ؽֵ˹ȥ
Ǹеãʱ䣬Ѿˣھߡ
˵ŶԹصǸЦЦոллˣôãʵڲ˼
ûϵӦҵǲŶԡӸնôʲôⶼңҾרоЩġˣҽ¡
ǸרҵķоԱǼʻԱ֮ģһʱû뵽ģն˺֮󣬾ʹȥ˱𴦡
뿪һֱվԭؿãոջֱЦ˲־ڱصõζ˵ʶΪ֮һ䡣
󷽲֪վࡣ
ֿ˭
Ҳǿ°ָıӰǸССǸǲǾѵĺ
̲סҡҡͷҪˣɲٳʲôӣѵҪǲ߲Ѿˡ
ЦЦǻǸδӣʲôʲôұȡˣҵ²ǲģ
ԭ˵͵ػعͷȥнɫâһš
ͷҲȥʱѾתһ䣬һ̨
ڿ̨еСһ·
عͷɫ㡣
Цԭǰɫô
š϶صͷ
һܽﶼů
˱߱۸ַã豸ϰٿأ߲䵽ĳ̨ӡ
Լ۱ȱȽϸߵģ̨
ҸոհĹ̶¼ǻȥоһ¡Ҿҷͦģ۸ܹ󣬺ԷŲٵĶиСԶУٶҲ൱죬ԺȥĳҲ㣬һûȥȳĵطô
˿Է֮е㻰ˡ
ûнӻֻǲͷ
òãöһ䡣
´ƵصҲԽ㡣
ףҲʻ
һҿѧ̣ǵá
ǽԼĿı췢ӵ˼£̲סʵ
츳Ľ
ϤĶԴյǰСصԣ㲻Ҫ˺òãҲԽ㡣
ʼûףȵӦ˲ЩЦá
Сӵռ
ֻԼһԼĹעŵϣҪˡ
ЦصڳԴôû뵽򶼻ԴˡǾǸİ˶ѣֲʶȻᣬԺ϶ˣˣǸɡ
˷ǰҷǰʱѾ뿪ˡ
̨ȷʵ۸ҲͦҪһͷ
ֻԥһ¾͹ϸ˿
µĴҲʹãڳڽֹ룬һὫ͵ͣ
˾뿪˵ڡ
һӻȥôǮԼͻȻһѣ·ŷ磬Ǹоǲһ
ϹŹŹֵЦݣ̲סʵ
˲ЦݣָģûУ˼ỹҪʲô
֮һȥܳǣֻھĳҵʱԭĽŲҿ첽ǰߣһֱ߳Ǽҵ꿴ķΧ˿ɫҲÿ˵㡣
ԵػͷǼҵꡣ
ǾǼܼͨҾӵ꣬治СǰŸûκβͬ
ǷҪ˵ʲôͬǴԼǰǰһζԷװˡ
û뵽ᾭҵǰܺ»ͻȻסѯԱ¡
ʲôûУû˺סҲû׷Щߵ
һж·ûзһ
֮ͼ˲٣ȥ˼ļҾӵ꣬ҪĶȫﶩˣĶҲģ˿ûϧǮ
Ķ̫࣬ջѡöԷͻţֻǵַ˾еԶϣǼſڡ
˳еĿģִȥ·ӣӦúܿٳ
һν󼸺ŵ·ȫ
û뵽Ҫʱ˲ŷֿûõ¡
źü·ǺЩصԭǣɡ
˿ǣһ֣һ䣺ż
ǳЩЦİ͸¶ԼϢûлش⣬ֻЦ
û뵽㣬ȷʵɡѾˣỹмµߣȲˣ´˵
˵ظ˿ʹ뿪ˡ
뿪½·һӣɫЩ
Ǿżʼʹסˡ


 38 

ֱ˺Զ, Ծûѹ
֮ôкܶ෽ԭһǸոѾ˲̫ϲǸ˵뷨顣
̫, һֱԼԼؾͦġ
ӷֿһֱ˼, ˶һ, Ծûκ뷨
ʶĲ, ӡľ͸, ﰲװϵͳĸԱϸһ顣
һֱոգڶοµʱԺͻȻһļˡ
ս
ͣ½ŲնҵȳǵĵŰ棬ȫǸֱأ߶˱, ʱͶƱĿͶľ֡
ڶľѾʼˣŰҲÿ춼ṫʣʤʵһģϽϽĹھ
Ҳǿ, ˵עǸˡ
ſⷢ³ȫϷųòЩ, ϻһȦҵĺӣͷнǡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôոȻϳ˿
˿صն˲ŷһֱûгͷһͼһַſյģ˫Ŀ񣬲֪ʲô
ôˣ
͵ػ񣬿͵һ·ܵĪľš
ûû¡Ͱ͵صƣǲ
״̬ܲԣס򣬿ҡ׷ʲô£
ΪѵؿƤʼ΢΢̣Ҳʪġ
еƣû¡
Ҫҡ
ûСЦЦֽϧطԼ
ڷģ߰ɣȥ²ˡ
á
ϴεʱ˺ܳĶӣοûʲôŶˣֻеŽԷˡ
±ζƮ˿ˮֱ
ԱװĸߵѾˣſһ࣬Ǳߵ֣ǰ࣬⻹úܳɫӭǳܵ
ûȥλǵһĸߵ
óضǻ˴ҪӪһȥͱĺװϹֱۣȽƬҪҫ
Ҳ̲סۡ
һҲλãʱѾˡ
ͷۣƺֿ£Ҳûϸֻɨ۾ʹ¥
˽˰䣬Ȼڲ˵￴ϤĲɫ
˷ݳܾζԼЩƺֱζ˵𣬵Ҳѳԡ
ЩûʲôθڣֻˮͲˣһֱעԡ
˵һԣȥǵĽ֭ʵ㲻ԣ⼸嵭Ǹġ
߶ڶͣҡҡͷġ
ģó
Ҳ֪ǴʲôʱγɵϰߣķȫԲȥ
ƽڼҵθҲãôҲܳȥһЩ
û˵ʲôֻĬĬӿ˳Էٶȡ
ȵʱû̧նˣۼֿס
ôˣ
Щص
㻨ǮʲôûȫԶٷǾԹġ
ջ֣ûиִЦеؿԽԽ˧ˡ
ֱ
ɫЩüصͷȥ
ֻû뵽Ǯûȥ
˵֧ظ֧ǰǸǮˡ
ȫ
ʾȻƬ̣ʼΪǰضԲô󷽡
Ժһ˲ոڴˡ
£
ֻƼˮ꣬ȫ죬ԷΪʲôҪˡ
ܲϲǷ飬Ҳܷ
ˣ˵һμеøУڶΪ뵽˾ģǺ͵ξе㷴ˡ
û㿪նѯʣ˵ķԱû鿴˭æ֮ȥ˰ض
һİˣǣİضദ
Ͳͣмµ鷳æ
֪ǲڿնˣضظĺܿ죬ֻǻظݺ˿Цá
ҪٴۣԲܣͰۣ٣ȻҾͿˡ
ЦǴۣи˰ҽˣ֪˭ܲ鵽ô
аԿضȤŸңͰ顣ǲ˿ˣ׷ʽֱӸǮء
˵ĶԻ׷ֵʱɫѿ˼֡
ʵҲܸеģǳС
ΪһӣֻǸӶӣҲи˽⣬ÿ¶һǮϡ
ôѾӴ㹻ǵĲƸ
ֻնͻٵˣǮȻҲ޷ʹá
µնҲ취֤ݣµ¼ԭȵ˺ţֻôһλúûʵҪ¶ˡ
Ը£ڵ
Щ˷ûһҵ
Ѫ⣬ǸҲһҪĹС
ûӣضܿ췢ϢǸµˣӦǴйģûڿȳ˵ʶ޵أˣɲҪǵ꣡
˵ʱȫǿЦӣǺ˵
̲סҡͷȻʱ̲ΪԼȡ档
ܲܰǮ˻ȥʡ
һҪǮոջ鿪Цİضʹļ˻ȥʲôЦǿǮ
˸ۣ˻ȥԼ
Ŷܹǧ˰پʮޱҡ
⼸˾Ҫô󣬹Ǽ̡
صǧһһʮߣͷĨ
ضУһӶ٣ڿ츶ң
Ͻ̧ն˴չȥǮ
һ£صնˡ
Ǯ֮Ծڵ״̬
ٳ֮кܶһӿ뵽ԺУǰע벻Ķس֣˼ά顣
ô궼ֻӵеһͻȻֱָĸΧĵʱУɸĻ޷˵ڵû취Ҳû취⣬ֻܱܡ
Щ඼йأһһǣԼΪҲΪ
ᱻǣ෴ϲ
֣ԼкܶܿõӴ׷ҪԼߡ
û취ȫԼ˭
Ҳ᲻á
ֻҪһ뵽뿪ԼĿܣ˲Ұȥ
뿪ôǰıӰʵ
ͷ¶ÿЦôͻȻΪʲôҪ뿪ǿɰ򡣡
һأ
Ҳᣬ뿪ȻҶ뿪㡣չ
ʵܾ˲һ̫ãֿһ첢̫Զ
ĳɳٶʵ̫ˣҲ죬뿪ʱˡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôָоͷڶûиı
뵽ֿѹҲѹ
ϾԼųˣҲˣˣԼҲ޷ٴݵػصǰһ˵ʱ
ҲᣬԶҲ뿪㣡նص
̲סȥϲһ¡
ڴˣҲСʱһˡ
û뵽򷴵չһ¡
˵ġ
һ£Цһ֪
˭Ҳ˵δ£ʱ˿˵˿϶Ҳһ
극û䣬ǳȥ
Щ룬ϰԵǣ֣˭Ҳûо⶯ʲôԡ
̱ȴǰֶЩĶҲ廨š
ߵĲ죬ոճԵеţ
˱߱߿ʱбͻȻһˣٶȼ죬ھʱļݺݵسײȥ
һ죬ء
ײ˿ˣԶҲûվȳϵȥ
һʶһǰǰڵϵ
ʲôô·ģû۾
ǸûòˣƽնҲͿġֻطĳЩ˿ûõģʶ
ΧһȦûˣƫƫ˾ײϡ
˵ǹĶûš
ڵϿۣһ仰˵Ⱦܡ
ڽֵϵͶӰɵԵĵ̣ȫӡ
׷˼׷ˡ
Ҳ˹üû׷ļ߹ǣײˣ۲ۣʲô˰ˡ
˵ʵôۣ˵һ
߹ǣͳһţۡ
۵ذһ᣺ץסһһٲɣ
̧ͷܣ˼ص֪ġ
ģ㿴ˣȥҡ
ƽʱԼϢˣüƽЩҲԸ˹򽻵
˵򣬼ףһζòƽϣܻʲôƽԿķԼ
ǣ֣£ϥȥűǰ
ұ㡣
ԭʱſüΣλǵһΡ
ȥֱסĲӡ
彩Ӳһ˲ڵҵĲӣҳˡ
˵͵ؼ٣˲ʧԭء
ɫĹӰһʺ磬ʲôֵط쭳ʵ̫̼ˣÿζΪǾҪײϻǽˣܾ׼ޱȵתܿ
ô̼߸
¶ǳǳЦûãĽŲͻأͣ
ſܣȴӣֵҲʲôװ޹ӡ
ͷ·ƶһҡ
˸ͣ²ãǰ洫һ˵
СرѸ㣬Ҵһ£۵ķңҸ첲ڶġ
žһһϵɤǲûԱõͦ죬˶׷ˣô
ԲҪȥǰһȦǸոպˣӦû׷
ǣԼְɣϽ
²ãһϸ΢ĽŲȥ
̲סɴ۾˹ȻǹײģΪ˽
ţͶ
Щǵ°ͣ߼СصСĵ㡣
ͷġ
˵žȻô߽
̲סĲӡ
չһ䣬ӳģһӿȴָӣӵĵʯ嶼ûУֻһƬŢء
ЩɣǲѾ˳ǣŹĳоȻֵط
ʱվֻˣֻ֮øΪЩˣ˵Ĳ̫ˡ
һδȫѵ˶βͶצӵȲλ޷仯Щˣֻһһ첲Ρ
˵Ķ̬кܴͲģҲˣЩ˵ģ쳣ŤŹ֡
谵ְһֻֻŤªĹתͷ¶ֶЦݣ·ʲôֲƬֳһ㡣
üͷ𣬽Լı
ɤӴƵһЦһ߳ǿʲôëܣͺܴ
ǾȻ׷Ѱ·ֵǣϡ
˵һͬΧ
ԾɲףôЩ˵ģˣ͸֮ǰĹͷˣûи˴ཻ̫
ЩǲΪ˱ġ

±ԼӰ򷢻ӣص
ǰֻѾڵسܣֶûڳ͵زתˡ
žһǱ˦
ͷȥͼβͲ֪ʱ˳ֱ˦һֻϡ
ٶȼ죬ܳβͼ˦Ӱ
žžžž
֮ϺûһΣҲʼεץסǰϣֻ˻Ե
ЩͷʣˣҪô
ûзӦĿɿڴһᣬǼסϴ˵Ļˡ
ɱԷΨһĽ취ȴġ
ⱻƵǰ
ŪһΪʲôǣ
ǰβ˦ֻϡ
һֻ˹󿴵ǣ·ܵĪһٺˣ嶼Ҫˣ·ոǸݵ˲һ
Ϊʲôǳ֣˵Ҿֱɱ㡣
в˵вʱâ
ƵؿǺ󷽣͵سӿȥʲôûС
ǿǲ˳۶ѡ˵ĻԽ˵ԽСǳֺܴ󷽣û֣вһ£ҪǮ
һв֣޲ó˵Ե򶼿ˡ
üͷһ죬ͻȻָ̧˶һȡ
㵵زͷһۣѸǰɵһŲȶ˶Էһȡ
໣ҽصޱȡ
˵˵˵ͶϵһȺ͸첲ޱص
̧һϷҪȥ
ҡͷֱɱĥȫû취ܣ
ǣǲʶǣίУһ٣ȵûʱڳ֡
ϼ֣Ӣ۾
صͷࡣ
ŭ⣺Ĺ˭ҡ
ֵӵŶԶԷøУԶ̫ܡ
ܣҲ˵ǵԭ򡣡
˿ǮҸ˫ֻһҪ󣬴ȥֻʣһ
Ҳ̫СٴΪ
ЦΪǴ򲻹ɣҲңǿݡ
Ѿ³һе˾˭ˣû뵽ԷģµôĻӡ
նˣֱӽµĺѸɾˣҽڡ
һ֮Щ۵ſϡ
ͷؿŵϣȥץ
ãȻؼҰɡ
ȻźҲûзʲôûϵˣ뿪ӵ˳⡣
ķֱӷɻ˼ҡ
ϣһֱ˺þò
û뵽ԼҲоʱ
ǰ岻ãû£ǲֻǲ۱ˡ
Ǻˣÿİȫ⣬ֻŶһһ졣
ڰȫҲҪˣʼ˼ʵˡ
۲ͬû̸ģطˣٶ۲ϣΪڱܲʲôȫûܡ
Ѿȫˡ
̸ʲôô
֪ʲôһǵؿ


 39 

, û°ɣ㲻ģҿ԰ץһ١׾غ
סʹࣺȻҵãֻ͹, ˶Ҫ
͵סˣɫ˲䱬, ֪ΪʲôоԼһڷ, 쵽Ҫĳǻˡ
ͬʱ, йɿϲӿ, ƲסϵЦ
ԭҲһ뷨
Ҳǡ̧ŵڳݲ˵
ΪǱԼģԼ̫󣬸Ͻ֡
ãǣͲùˡ
ǻǿ±ȶԹ˳òֱҲûʧ
һ, ΪǰĹھе͵λܸߡ
ɱ޹ؽҪ·˼ײҪɱˣ鷳ʹ, ˻׷
ȥðա
Ѿܻ˼ңֻҪԷټǣ͵ʲôû
ȥ鷳, ðضٰæһݡֶ䡣
ҹ͵͵ǸһƱ̫ĵص˵ͷá
Υ뷨ͬ⣬ͷԼˡ
תԾΧѲӵȺô
ʧȥͬȺҲãǽеͬʬǳɭ֡
˵Ұûи飬ֻûȥǵѡ
·ʲôԭſԭصļֻǺܿĳȥ
νǸǳõ飬ٳˡ
죬һϵмҾߺͲϾ͵ˡ
˿ŷȥ˻֮һֱڼװޡ
ڴӵذ嵽ǽڵҾȫһ飬ݶҲ²ϣɫġ
ǽҲͿ˲ɫԶԶȥӼΧĲݵΪһˡ
ԭõļҺȻվԺ￴ţ̲סЦ
ÿµһǵ¼ҡֿŵص
ֻȻһµĸоҲɿ
ؿһ
մ˲ɫɫᣬֻèһ
һתͷ̲סЦ𶯣Ҹһš
˵Ŵն˶
Ƭ඼Ƕʱͼ
ȫûзվԭģָ°˼˧ֿpose
һգԴԴش·ǰӺӰ
һ˵ӣӡ
Եѿ죺ӡ
ȸ֡
첲ȸģ㰫һ㣬̫ˡԣ
˺ܶܶƬ
е˶Цɵӣⷴǽڣ˵ЦݣʱҲ·Զһ̡
յƬ󣬾һֱƬϵƣʼϻЦݡɿſţĪؾԼޱİҲޱȰۡ
ԭӵôˣҲվô
ԼͷĽǣԽԽˣʼɫģ˺ڻɫ˰һۡ
Լ٣վһ롣
֪ʲôļ
ʲôأƬʲôô
عŬµҡͷûУĵĺܺãرҲܿġ
Ժ󵱼Լ˵ܻ
ֻ֪ĬĬؽƬŽ
Ǽ׷ûЧҲǾսʱԽԽˡ
֮ȥ죬һֱƽ˾û׷ҸҲûٷκͻ״
żԹһҷһֻܿԽٽʼֵľͶˡ
ǰƬϿղûй滮ɷ·ߣڿӦֳµ·ͼ
Ƶ΢Щģ˻Ϊ
ֻҪŸɻ϶ң˿Ҳ
ûһЩĶһš
ǰֻһͻгƤҴһޱܡ
һγָо֮ûãһƬ
ԼҪƬˣȷ˵Ҫˡ
һ㶼ġֻǴĳһ쿪ʼͿʼһֱ仯
ÿһϣ·Īرʪʼϴ·ҲΪԭ
ʼΪԼˣŵڴϿá
ֻ֪һһ졣
һĳ󣬳ԺеĶԽԽ࣬Լʼ׹ԭ
ֻԭ̫߳ܰ࣬û򴲡
ǲתһȦһȦһԼģԼȻôࡣ
ĸ˶֪һ仰Ա
ĸ磬ıԶûбҲһ
Сʱܳʱ򣬾ȥμӹܶɶԣᲢμӣȥȫǸֿŮ
ῪʼȾƣȵҹˣһֿɶԡ
ʱҶΪСʲôǲãʵʲôǵãҲʲô֪
̫ˣЩ˵Ϊ̫ˡ
ҲЩĴһˡ
˺ţֵģȴû̫
ЩԽԽˡ
Ժʮｵǳ֮٣ֻиλ
֪ڲǲҲżˣ˵ѾȢλˡ
Ϊ޷׽飬ЩӣȫԸֲͬ壬ֻѡǿ˷ܺϧͬ޷ºӣӵ֮ǰѾԵˡ
Щ޹أֽ͵͵·ˡ
֮ǰֻ֪ǻΪڷҲòҪ·
·ûϴȫ͵͵˴¡
Լ¹ӣ˹ӽ
ǵȥѾǵʼ˼Ҫɴֱӽⶫˡ
ҲĽǲ֪ԭҲ޴Ӱο
㵽ôˣﲻ
˽ֶҲ֪ʲôֱ˵ʲôԡ
죬ʲôû˵
üҲû˵ֱֻסСʱһš
ΪʲôҪ£һֱߡԣһ㡣
ӲرţһҶҲȥֻһ˳Լ֡
Ҳ
ԼԽԽӲ嶼ʼǺµӡ
ǰʱܿ侲ھȻЧ
ǵʣôˣ
סֲ֣֪ʱñģƬһû˿¶ȡɫҲһ԰ף촽ûѪɫͷ亹䡣
ôͻȻˣʧɫ˺أһ㶼û
ûŬά΢ЦЦıȿ޻ѿ
Ķͷһ䣬һ㶼̡
ȥñӡݡ
ûסٳݡ
뿪סԼ
ʼΪҴΪԼķӦɵڱź󱳵ʱֻĸоֳˡ
һακһζҪǿ̡
Щǵץ˰Լͷãûе
ܿͱŴӻˣΪ̫ܵ´򻬲ˤӡ
ſϡ
ںõûУǲҪðôôȥҩ
зٶȽǣضһСʱ
ͨԺ鷳Ҳ֪ͨҩܲá
С
סڱֻ¶һ˫۾˫ڳ۾âԽԽƵ
㶵ؿ۾۾
ҿܲǡ
˲׹
Ҫˡ
ֹҲûκνİ취
ôô죬Ǹողšૡ
һο򷢲ڶΣΣмʱԽԽˡ
֪ɫԽԽף¸űӶܵڲ
۵ظűӱסҪ˵ˣʡһ
ҧסβǰε֢״ֲһ֫ɣȫ񱻷ɴݺݴͷȫײ飬ٴοʼϡ
ۺһ޷ܡ
Ѿ޷άˡ
һƿͳ˳ȥ
ûرһ˲䵹˵ϣʲô˲ã͸ų塣
ֻܵ˼Ѹ͵˵ϣһŤš
֪ΪΣԼ˹ͷѵ
һЩģͷ࣬һ֦һ
жֱۣ޷
ûзһʼնûκʹҧԴ
ͷԭԲҲݣһһ顣
βһڽڵطֿ̱ڵϣܿΪʹ̲ס˦
ǿϵĹͷܿٴ˳ɵֵڶεεضϵ
һ䣬ԲһԲΣϳһһ͹
̴ֵβҲһ䳤ԭϸܵƬڳ
һʱǶԲԲֱӴ䣬˵ϡ
͸֧һ˿ſڵϴϢţ죬ˮڵϻ۳СϪȥ
ڵѾԲΣǸԲ壬ȴǰܶˣƺ˲٣ͷϵĽȫ˳аƳǴӶ˷ֲ棬¹һ
򡣡ֹͣϽ˹ȥСסԴ
Щ㵵ط߳롣
̧ͷʱģϵĳ򣬱壬ֲĽǣճ롣
Ƕ
ȻǶ
ѵ˵һδηʵʲôڽ
һо˵ͨˡ
ۣ֪ܲܽԼڵӣƺȫԾǸࡣ
򣬺õô
һֱŵ۾ſֻüһƬɫɫܿ˻˺ɫ
۾ҲƬһȫɽɫ
˿ǰ컹ЩŹֵıڣѾ仯ȫ֪ǲǾС˵ԵʣܵҲ壬ܺ
뿴ҡ
ŬԴ΢΢̧һЩҪԼڵӡ
װͷ
ûԼڵӣԽ͵
˵ںпڽֹһ壬ҼĹϴ˵УҲһͷ˫ǣԣצӥܷ绽꣬ǳ͸ڵһģһ
ԼʹԭأĻƵص㲻ҪЩƭҡ
ҡͷҴûƭ㡣
ʡ
ͷԼõ˵˳Уҵļ硣˵Ƕάͨģλصʱܵһλ棬ģҸһҲǴӱϵġҵļֱǵͼڣҲǵ˶ԼΪĴˣǵѾǧˡ
˵ȥĻʷоһ󼤵Ժ
ܸøҲԾԼΪ˶Ժ
̲סɴ۾
ƬǰΪǿ󣬿Աǣһ
ɴ۾˰죬ɥصͷҲС
ҪǷԼֻǻûнȫȵΪһ죬ķˡ
ʵҲ𾪣ԭڣûи˵ڻֻǸ˵ѣǲڵ֡
΢ûôˣҲԼˣͷжʲô
ʾ֭񻰹¸˳
Щǵɺǿ̲סҲ
ڵãϵʹ࣬βͣҪ
ɾʱͻȻһάԭȵĶˡ
ͷɻʣۣ
Ͱ͵صǡ
ԴƿʼϹ𮡣
һͷˮؿôˣצӲ
ֻҡͷ³ĺҲڻ
㲻Ҫҡ˵˵꽫Դൽһߣǰһͼ
ֻڵ̫ˣû취پɸԲΡ
յس˼ΣֲһǶһ֮йɿ塣
ôɿβʼ̳һȦǰ
ͷԼԽԽɥ
ΪΪ̲ԲģȥƬ
һ£һŴһ˲䵯ɵС
ûз·Ҳûע⵽
𣬱ҡŵ
ԣԼĪǳˣԼҲȷʵСӿ
ǸԲұ֤Ժˡ
ǣǣеżͣǲǸոǾ仰ҲȷʵԼ˵ġ
żţ͵
֪ô˵Լϵı仯Ϊ̫ªˡ
ż˵
ֻҡͷŬһſޣ޵Ϣ
һ
ӳͲǰһˣôĻǵһΡ
ԲΪ仯壬ʵ벻ʲôԭ޳
򣬵ôˣҲ˵ôص
̧ʵһһؿΡΡ̧צӣ֧צ
צӣɻؿֿҲûʲôԣ˵㣬ûκα仯
צӲ
ҡͷ˵һ仰
ˣ
ʲô
лҪ˵

 40 

˺ܾҲûʲô
˵һγûжԵ粨ͨ, ҲЩˡ
ʲô
ֻҡͷǰһͺһ, һһأȻˮߡ
ļʼɺ, ˮ࣬ԭĺ, ʱҲֻǸƽСϪ, 粽ܹȥ
ˮ߿޵ĸγϣ, ҪҲҪңء
ѾٷߺˣҲ
۵УʹץץԼͷ
һνӴ壬ǵı仯ȫһα仯ܴҲû취ȫס
ü̾˿, ŬȰ˵ãҲˣ侲㣬ʲô, ϶õķ䣬Բǻ°
ҡͷǵģǺõġ
Žͷתӱ, ˮС漸Ǿֹģ̽ͷȥճ
򲻾شˮпԼµ˲ͣˣŵش˸ãߵĺӸŻζ
ɴ۾ֿ˶Ļֲĺɫǡ
ǳĵĵزողȰ˵½Լһֱ仯˲ֱˡ
ƭԼġ
һôªĶ
䣬ˮ˾ˮ档
Сġ̲סǰһ
ţңҪһ侲һ¡
Ժ˲ת˺Լʱģɫ˵ص侲ԣԲ׼ɵ£
áӦţˮһԾˮ
ɵĺܿȴܵͣƤŲݵأɭַȥ˲ʧˡ
⻹һӿվԭؿãֱȫʱߡ
ʱȦǰһƬǽ壬ʱӡ
ֻԾɾŵһţؽţֻĵצˣһء
̾˹߹ʰ
Ǿеʧ䣬ˣԼܺ˽Сʱһôʲô˵
ͦõģеܡ
һֱ϶չ򣬾ûԼͲˣʵϣ벻ԼŶԡ
뿪׼Ϊ׻ûʧԼ裬һ죬Լƽܡ
ǰԸӴҲһǣ̫࣬õ̫࣬Ҫ뿪ʱͻԽ᲻ҲԽѹ
ϿһֱֹҲܻϣʵʲʲôĴ㡣
ĬĬʰԺӣָιʳ
ʱһһιȥ뿪ѾкüСʱˣϦʼŲȥٹþҪˣûлļ
ŽųɭֵķۣҲ֪õûС
ﵣǣû
ڳתһȦ˳ôԺصš
û֮ԺӶÿ£ĸƺҲˡӷവԺҡԴǽϵĻȫȥֻʣ˷ï֦ҶĵطȥҶӿݻƴһء
ƽգ϶ȥʰʲôţȴţš
һκζſһᣬֲ֮ٻصϡ
һߵһŬ˼
ĳԲС£ɵʲô
ǰ˵Ǿ仰Ժйһһ飬ͼ˵ľʲô
ߴضԺĲ˵ء
ļֲÿ죬˵Ӳÿ춼ΪЧ̫ã˳ÿ죬ӲҲ᳤ܿ
ΪԭûӲݼƽˡ
ţͼƬҶһ΢ζŻϸ΢ɳɳ·ʲô·
ǰһûǰǶʹӲ˵̽ͷ
ȻֵָֻСߡ
Сǽɿسȥܿвˡ
̲סɴ۾һԺͻȻһ
˵ָǸɣ
棬ߣ񻰴˵Ǵ߽ԣٴԽ
϶Ҳһ
ͷǳԼ˲һڲһĵطԽԽͻԣ˽λ
һֱСǣٳûиϣȻֳܵѹô
˿̵ޱȸӣ̾Ц

֮ͨ˲٣ֻǹȥԾûл
סˣնҪϵ
֮ǰ޵ô֪ڻûڿޣԼߣ᲻ԲУɭ޺ܶ࣬һΧô졣
ĵĺܶ࣬ʵҲܶࡣƽ˳ϵնûбͨ
ûнӡ
ﲻûź£ԣҪôӣҪôˡ
ֲΣûеõӦ͵վȥ
ҺСԶԶطɢڲݵϣʻŷƵϷȥ򡣡
ֻվͷԼĪˣʼɭֵķȥ

ܿȫֻٶȺܿ죬ûþͿʼǵ
ЩϺˣÿһٶ˫˺ϱϸһЩкü׿ɸ߸ߵգһۿ
ԽǰԽ࣬һƬޱȵɭӳ۵ס
ʱ͵ɭֱԵʱ弫ûܣҲûоܣ·κһֻﶼɱûж֣ûˮûʳҹɭ轵¶ȣҲŲ˶á
ޱˣĵһֻǴ壬彫ؼң˺ü죬ںԽԽãһġ
Ժ߰ţɵɭֺŷһ⡣
̫̫ˣ޷ȥɵ޷סֻǵλã϶Ҳ
ԥƬ̣˻ɭֱԵӷ
Ĳݶ泤ҪҲι״ȫû
ںɭûй⣬ʱʱһ
űԼȥ
ʱֻѾûӰǰֻõǴܽȥġ
УĹԴ£ŬǵĽӡ
ԽߣݾԽïʢǲݣкܶ಻֪ѻ˶ҶҶȫڵ˽ӡܿͷֲˡ
ͣ½Ųʱ·Ҳ䲻
ܲʱȳ·ʲôڿϸ΢Ųǳǳĺ
ʲôס
̧ûرҡվԭһ£նĵͼ
ݵͼرϸֻɭֵķλʹСƺǴϿȡĵģܿȴȫ·ĵΡ
ƲܻżȻǰһֱںڰʪɽʱӻط
пĳ޴ضӱܵʱ򣬻᲻ԾЩﲢϲĵطãҲϤ
ڵͼϹ㣬ЩطȽϡ裬ӵͼϿԿһ
ȷԼλã귽֮װõķ֮˿粽ǰȥ
һɭ־Ǳӽһʯӵĺһʱɹ֦Ҷҡ޺ڶ
𡣡ж׷
ͷֻۣһ˫ᷢ۾ȫò
Ƕٶȼ죬Ѿˡ
ٶٿһЩҧǰȥװãٶȸҲѷɫ
һ׷һӼ䣬ܿ쵽˵һȦص㣬һƬգûҲûǵӰӡ
ԥתڶĿĵȥ
·߼ҪɭһȦûиҲôܡ
ҹ¹ⲻû˴ڵ֮󣬺ܿΧ
ܱ߻ͷ׷Լֻͱܻĺڱٶֿ
΢̧
û뵽ڱʼղԶظûйҲû̫һ󣬲֪ǶûȤˣǳԼĵ̣ڱͣ½ŲԾʧˡ
պ˿ҪһᣬºصҶǸӣһŲȽ˿
ӵĿڲ󣬵ǿµĿռȴܴйŨصĸζŲȵĵطȴҲƽ̹
̧ܣһתͷͶһűһ˫۾
һߣг˴ȴϸߣϱ鲼źڻɫĻơ
ٵͷһԼ²ʲôƽףߵļ
߽Լ̳һԲΣѹõƽ̯
ʼð亹ˣҶ
ʵٸߴ㣬ʹȥ
ʲôʹ
ߣҲе㶶ǰһԼģһϴμģûôѵ׼ͷ̫УһδУҾԼˡ
ֻû뵽߶һᣬһŤԴֱ̳һȦװ񲻶ˡ
˵̵ĻͦԲģĪ뵽
ոջŵеͻȻͰ˼֣û뵽ĶҲȫΣա
Բ𣬴ˡ
˵ֽŲõؿʼһֱµ
ڼ䣬ֻһͷû̧һ¡
˺ô˲ϵһصȥ
ҲĶ뿪ڶصûãٴαʲôˡ
ֱֻӴײڼٿ񱼣䲻رײֱײ˸ϡ
һ쾪ϵ
Ϲϣװõıģʽ˿ܳһ͸ĤһĶסոײҲûжۡ
ûոײĶٴγ˹
Լʲôˡɿ֮е㶣ѾҪ۶Ҳͣ
⾹Ȼֻⵡ
ΪȹԼһֱǳкøУȥ˺
ͣŲٴ˷ܵ
ֻĴܣ⵲ĵ׷һʱʱײһ¡
Ƿֵţ˺ˡ
ÿײһΣֵһ֣һ߶һ߿ϣϣܿһֻתע
ûٿͼƫԭ·ߣ֪Լںδ
Խ׷Խ˷ܣٶҲԽԽ죬ǿצץʱ˲乴һغۼ
ÿһצڷʱܸоڿġ
ţҲҪοѾôãҲʼˡ
˿ȥУҧ̧
ֻǴˣֻֻҰ޶ѡ
ڴʱһ޴Ӱͻأ֣͵ؽײڵأ˫Ҫܶ౶צֱӴϣȫá
󣬶ʱϲ֡
򣡡
ɿⵣβͽԶ󱳶ûп
ôˣΣաصǿ̫ñĸо
ǰסģѾԸԼˣֻͣھԶĵط̫ˣҺܵġ
û£Һġȥɣȥ˵žнͳȥԼ˼
ʱͼˣҲ˲ǲǲԼˣһ粽ǰͲסβ͡
ʱһתͷͰ͵ص㣬ɿš
նĻĹ⣬۾Щ죬ȻһӰ޸ûͣ
㲻ҾԲߣʲôǿһӱܽôǰδе࣬һԼвû
ǴǰοһָܻģͼԳ˵ķʽ
ʵе㲻֪ôڣҪôοУῨǵͻȻ޴ֵĸо
ǺӴˣҲഺˣҪһĳЩ⡣
Ųɫ֪ΪʲôգⶼǺÿﶼжصṹûҪΪ˿ա
ɴ۾
ĲǴ⣬ˡ
ŲβͿԼһۣ
ģ֪ôߣǴ趼һն˲һ£ûʲôˣкܶ˻Ϊ١
𾪵صɴ۾
֪ⷽʶ˽⣬ҲûκȤΪһֱǺܰࡣ
һϵб仯òԡ
ܺ
ҡ
ŬԼ֪ô˵ڡ
صԶĳصǲǻ˱һЩ仯ֳıܣκζ󣬶⣬ȫģʵڲУ͡
û뵽Լһ컹ý£¶ͷ
ЩԼˣԼ˵Ҳû취ѵָʾ
һ˵ʲô
ת۾ֱסԼ߶ŵǻؼ˵ô̫ˡ㲻ڼңҲ˯ҲûԷҲܶ
ؿԼҪλá
ȻǰһſƬҪǰһ
Ÿͣס˽ŲƬվ
һûлۣƬҲų˱仯ǰֻĸǽɫһһƬ˽ɫͨ͸ҫ
ˣժ¼ƬҶҶӿƵȥ
Ҷֻֿ򲡵̫ˡ
壬Ĳ
Ҷ򷭸ſԼϣƬһһΪסҹ硣
˵ƭģڸ˲ҶſƬϣȻĺ䣬ʱҹһ̹ǡ
ٶȺܿ죬˲Ƭ̾ͻصԺӡ
ڱʱѾ̫̫࣬ʱԭξͱһ㣬һװףڱ֮ѾҪˡ
Ҳôߣٳһ㣬סˡ
ſڣ߸ӵͷֹﻹݵؿ
ΪҪʲô
ɤӵո˵ʵڲо

򵽵Ƕǲ

 41 

һ֮, ʱ䶼·һ̡
г˲˵ա
ôһСˣȻԼųģǱϾҲԼ, оǲһġ
ʹգۣĪ뵽˸, ʱסԼΣͷ
ͷն˵һ£ûвο
Ҳ֪ûƬ, Ӧûеİ, Ͼôš
ܿ, ŲźһϸϵòȫʱҲû취ֻ
Сն˼ζûʶ
ôҲû뵽һ죬ȻҪⶫ
ŬԼǽѧʲô߰Ķ
߶һ֮, ֳŲŲһֱŲԼڱ￪ʼ
ſſϾؿܼ, ߶Сü
ڲֹ۾죬ʼˡ
ֻƬκţһ϶û¶, Ҳû˿óʲô
ԼĪ˼ģ͸ǰʱĸоһ
ЩԼҪʲôµı仯ϽǿתԼעԴת档
ͣԺķˣӦȥʱˡ
հʵҹձӹʱɫĵƹ̿һһ㡣
ڿ𴦣ʵϣһֱûдĶ
˵ؼ֮󣬾һֱС˵ʲô۾ۡ
̫Ƕʲô˼鿪ʼת
վűߵãڴ߳ˡ
첲󣬿Ҳûд򿪣һ򶨵ص
ҷ㣬㿴Ҳһ¡ⶼÿÿֻﶼ֣ҶһʲôȱݣªҲˣϣһ㡣
Ŭצնˣϧԭצ̫̣Ҫʲôܲ㡣
˦˦βͣ׼Ρ
ͷٳԼβͽԼӣ﷭䵹һ·
Ƭ̣ȳһŰ˷ֿĸߴˡ
һͷɫͷɢüۿ㣬۾΢죬촽һߣһĸо촽ʱյŹԭӦóʶ˼Ϣ
ϵĽǲûóªĪ˼ʡ
Ǹһװ˵Ĵӣȴ·ߵС̹һžǿίɢҪǻ۰ĸо
ֳˣԵģ֮ǰˣֳǿֱ۶ӴȣԾĸоֻ˵׳˵֡
е㲻򣬱仯ʵ̫ˡ
߹Ǵһ𿴡
״ƲŶӵԼɣȥˣö
˵żӿŲ˳
˴ຬһе㲻̫Ӧ
첽뿪ıӰὫӰ£ǽڣƵ
Ƶ
һǷǳٺ֪ʶգҲ֪ôҵģǺöǰĶ
ü꣬˼ͷһᡣ
˱仯ҲܻĪسһЩЩƾճֵģǵĳЩʱ֪ʶͻԶ֡
·ԭֻڲһһ
üͷһЩŵ㿪˵ڶ
ڶƵķ澹Ȼһֻࡣ
ɻصؿֻɰĺһᣬȷûŵȥ
γͶӰһƬɫУһֻϷˣ֮󣬺εһǳ̲ɺã΢΢𣬻Բﲻ֪Ķ˸ŹֵԲƷǶԼĳһףžȵ˶
ԭֻˣǵĶֻԭѡ
ʼüţ۾ʼɴ󣬼֮͵عصնˣɢԺͷ䵽ǰס
ʶҧסͷٴοʼ̡
ôֶѵ˵Ľʽ
һƬҪˡ
СĹⶫ࣬ͯµӰһֱ浽ڡ֪ģҲû취ܡ
ɱԼ뷨Ը
ֹԺײ
ҵسԼͷԴϴʹع
ɿͷصնˣûټȥ
ߵ⣬ůĵƹæµϡ
кõĲ¹Աɢһɷζ
ֳܰʵĳˣ˲ҵƽ
͸߹Ҫģܱʲôӣ±ڳªһǧҲԼ
Զļҡ
ֱ÷ŷվ⣬ʣվˣô
ҡͷ
Էɡ
á
£ĶˣɭôãĺܴȶЩۡ
ĺθڣԵľͺˣԾǰһֻ˵߲˾ͷ˿ӡ
¿ӺҲ˵һֱԣˮĺɫ۾·ǿ֮һ顣
˵ҲûʱصĴˣ֮࣬˿Ŷǰͬ
֪Ϊʲôоǰ˸İһһ㲻̫ڡ
̲ס룬Ҫȷһغһ򣿡
̧ͷɻؿţ
ڸоõôϻ۲ˣ
ηȴǰҪأͷһδεش۶ϣʹ붼޷ܡ
۵ָһӲˣٳһɣĺܴ󡣡
ҡҡͷѾˡ
ͷƺ̫ҪЩʳȡӪ
һֱԵĶҲö
⣬תƻõĴڣС˵һ͹ˡ
͵ζɣθʱ䲻ûήġ
һĲ˳Եˡ
ʵʣЩտôˣҲ̫ʣϾһĸףǳģܾ̫磬ȫû˵ڡ
ڻô
ƽҡҡͷŵģٵˡ
Ѿ֪ôˡ
Ǿͺá֪ôưضһ䣺ϲˣһʱǵҪðȫʩŮҪģҪ
̧ͷе㾪ãȻؿ
ȫʩʲô
˲Լ졣
ҲڿշΧڣ룬ѧصŮ˱ܸȾķոߣĳЩϲ֣ŮϿܾͻ²ʹࡣĳЩʱҪЩʩϱסڸ˵Щ磬ϲʱЩҲС
ƺûǰ˵һֻһ仰
䣬ؽһ䣺ϲ㡣
һǰ򷭡
ʱ˵ֻһô˧ı飬󻻸˵ܳˡ
˲ӿ˷·ĸһĸжο
Ϊµˣûͦһֵġ
οȥͱ˾ᡣ
ΪֹӴ˾ֻԼԼҲֻԼ
Լ˵εϲ
᲻ֲϲʲôͰǲһġ
ûһһҲϲ㣬˵ǲһġ
ãȻ޴ؿ˲ˮӿüͷһίѹ
±ˣҲǸĲ
ϸһкῴԼӣ
ոսôĴԼαٸһػ
ЩԺͣûҪһʱ
̾Ųߣ鱧ס
ôˣԼȻûȦֻܳرסһ롣
˵Ҳϲ㡣
ո˵һͷҵɢ࣬գۣһմͷϣźò
ʾ֭˼룺˵ĲһǣеطҶϲ
Ҳǣһġ򷴲
ãҴˣһġˣԣѾǴˣ˲׿޵ģо仰ж᲻ᵯ
Ĩϵᣬһ߿һʵصǸأԲ̲ס
˵ղɵֵˡ
Сӿ޵ʱ򣬾ۣɿŸ˿ޣľ˵ĸо˵ɰɣǿ˵۰ɣҲȫۡ
Ǿã滨ģͦرǵί峺񿴹ʱ
Ц
˼ǰ޾Ϳޡ
á
ſЦֽһᣬ˶ȫ˻
վ߲޴Ҳ޴ֻſ˱ȫס
ȻˣҲģ⻹
ǰһֱǽһ°͸ͷϡ
ͷθһô׽ڵضҪһϵ⣬˵ָлͦãСʱһ
ûס¡
ߡûסеΡ
ƫͷһԼλò̫ԣѹָôá
룬Բ𣡡
ǱܻˣոûҲûע⡣
ûˣеźôűƵصûϵͣһֺСزһ䡣ʵ
˵Īͦš
һ
ʲôô£ѧ߰ģոոƵӦûɣ
һû˵̣װʲôûһһγ˳
ȻӴˣԽԽ̼ˡ
ûã͸˽Ѿˣͷ˳Ժֻ۾еġ
ɡվߣӹˢ
̨ˮ۶ڵ˵е㰫ˣС
Сܶ·ϣļճһԲĻ
··С̫ˣˣϴνʱЩŵ·ǷҵĹˣҴҸ㡣
áͷ
Ҳ֪ǲǸովеΣû˵Ҳǻģһ˾Ͷ
ֻüˮײĨĴ
ϲһɻĸоʲô˵Ҳúܿġ
һ飬¶ԽǱѾܲĵط
ˢô̲סʵ
Ͻˮﱧˡ
Ҫ·רõĹҲ֪û⻹ֻŸձһӾ䲻ȫ˵ϡ
㶣Ͻȥ񣺡Բ𣡡
ҲһС֡
õĶǴ̡Ҳд۸ľҪһ㣬ֲͷţʵõ˲ࡣù˴룬Ҳ֡
ˤӱԵ൱ͽûʲô£˵С֣Լ־ͱһ
Ѫӿ״ӵӣסָ
ȵصɴ۾
Ŷôô죿ⲻС˵żı׼
ʲôʱôˣ
ûһô࣬ʶĶϾˮЧ
ס˿һᣬɿ죬ͷٴθǸ
Բ𡣡
Ѿ˵Բˡ
ع˿ںܿͲѪҲˣڵسϵĿˮҡҡͷû£ⲻѾˣʰɡСĵ㡣
ٴȥûȥһסĸ첲

ΪֹͨԼѣû뵽һѱסĸ֫ѣСһɵؽſڷźãǳص
ҡ
˵ҲûķӦӡ
ƬӽͰʣµķˮϴؽϵɨһ顣
վǰ㶵ؿţһֱææµµæչ˱ˣˡͻȻչˣе㲻̫Ӧ
û֣ԼҲûвЦݡ
ܿʰϣϵƣָ˿ȻѾѪˣ˿ڻڡ
Ϊܿͷһᣬ˿ϣۣġ
һֹԾˡ
ˣͺˡοǰοʱһģһѧá
ָ·ţϴ˯ˣѾˡ
ߵϴ䣬һȥΪˮźãϴõĶ׼á
ոڳȰæھеˡ
Ͻ̧֣𣬲ˣЩԼͺˡ
ֻˡϵص
ǸС˿ڣѾҲѪˡǽ˸ص˭ôߣԹվšƵһߣŪϴƷ
˲վϴ̨ǰˢϴ
˲õıӺëͬˢϴƶһģһ
͸ߵľӿһĻ̲ס¶Ц
һˢһɵЦʵôˣ
ҡͷҺˡ
ϻĭϴϴֲ̧ǡ
ͷϴϸðܿѹȥֻǵЦһֱûʧ
Լڱúֻ֣Ҫͻúܿģһľĺܿ죬ϲԾðܡ
ⲻǷǰס
ѵǲĸˣ

 42 

˯ѾȥһСʱʮ˷ʮ, ʮ΢ĺ࣬ĥΣ, һΡ
һһʱ䣬˯źĶ
˯, ԺϢطӿ
еȣ˵Ļ, ƵҲðͷ
ҵ¶Ȳ, ϵͳÿӶܵ, Լӵ¶ȵȡ

һᣬȴԾɾȡ
ȣеۣ۵ܡ
͵ͷԼ϶ĲҪ⡣
һнâɷצ, צһ㳯ĳ
ʹȱ𴦸ٱǧǰܵĸоҲ˲ʧˡ
һЩнâȥմŵѪ, ü
ЩʱĶŵĺ, һֱȷûѹ
ᵱҩĨĨְִһ£մѪ·ϴʵϴҲᱻ֣ɴ·⣬ӵҲĵطĻӡ
ʱѾˣôãʱѾҪˡ
ûκ˯⣬ĥ˵ϲ
Ϊֲ˵ϲͰ˵ϲʲô𣬿ֵ壬ֵú
ڲСӣҲǳѡ
ڳһ̣ʱԺоðһͷ
ϲ뱣ȢԶҪֿ
ԼлֻǸӣûԼΪҲƲס
۾ֱԺ˯ȥ
˯úҲƽҪ̫ܶ࣬Ѿյݶ
ŷ֣Ҳûѡ
ƿڵҪ˯ôӲŸһǣͱ̹ǵ缤úݺݴ˸¡
һ䡣
ʱһڴϣûиκζ˿źܲ˵Щʲô
˼·۷ݽ¶ȵ״ָ̬ӡ
Ӹǵϵ춯ƺˣûѣֻ֣͵קסĸ첲һѹסֱۿסĲϡ
ûӦڴϲŸоۡ
ûôʱ
ϵǱ۾״̬ɫЩüëͷϵĺɫħһ¡
ʱ˿̣ȫȥƽյĵСģ
̲סһƤ
򣡡һ
۾۵һƬ貵ĽɫƯȴĺ޸顣
гֽâѾܶˣ⻹ͷһȫɽɫ
뵽Ƭɫ״ԼƬɫйأǽɫ۾ƽˣֳ֪ʲô⡣
ѣ
ֺһϵԾɲΪϵֵɿ
Ϊɿߣû뵽־Ȼ˳Ųӿʼƶ
оĳЩطԣд󾪣˲͵һƣӲǽɽصƿˡ
Դؿǽϣһ죬ǽڶζһ¡
ֿʼЩô죬ɱɵˡ
ԥŴչȥ۾»ָ˺ɫãȻŶͷ
ңôˣʲô£
ƺǵøոշˡ
Ĳǵˣ̽ʵ
ҡͷʲôҲ˯ô
˿ͬʱָΪʲô۾ɽɫΪôŹ֣
ѵк֢ɣ
͵ԲҲСһ£ײǽϡ۲ۣҿ
˵ŰԴ˿ֱӹһ
ôһҸࡣָһ¡
±ģԭӦãȻ򣬴ʱͷЩֵؿԼ֡
ոգȻ¡ΪʲôôΪ
֣Ƴ·ӳȥ֮ͲݲݸԼһ£ֱ˯ˣûʲô·ֻиӸסһ롣
ûע⵽ЩϽӸסԼ
Ѿˡѹס֣𴲣ܰһ·ô
´·
·ûϣգۿˣ£׹ǲ˼ˣԼȥء
Ц˳ȥ֪ܲˣԼԺҲҪࡣעŵ㡣
˳ȥͷ˿ڣѾˣûʲôۼ
Щźش·˳ȥ
ûнվſڵ£һлҳļơ
¶ôôͣðģͷβΣ
ͷԣΪƬ¶ȵͣ˺Ƥ¶Ҳܵ͡
˵Ҳ֣ƬıӦͷǱ˺ƤҲһЩͬ
Σûע⣬˯ǰȾ͵£ûע˯ˣ´βˡַϣɵ˵
جô
Ͽ˯ֶԿôӣ˯ߺܲá
򲻼ǵԼûجΣеǵͷ
εǰסɽһֻ׵Ķ˯ŵʱ͵Ϯҡ
ȻѹԼʱͻȻ֡
Ҹոգǲ˵ˣԲ𡣡ԥʵüͷ
۾ȷֻҪԼ˵һǣܱħһӿ
ЦҡҡͷûУͻȻˣһһ£ĵǽϡҸ˵Բ𡣡
˵ˣĵ׶Щǡ
ȥ⣬֮һ춼ƽ˾
˽˻ҵɭֵĴҺС
򰲾ظߣʲô͸һһûУ˿źʹǰûκֻʱ䳤ˣʱض뷢״̬
תͷʱܿƯؿǰ֪Щʲô߸Լϵʱ¶ǳǳЦչֻ͵ԶС
ҲżܿնˣüͷڿʲôܿյӣȥʵʱҡҡͷʾʲôûС
Ȼ˵Ҳû׷ʣԼ¡
ܿͻᷢǰĻһ¼
ͻȻʲôԭ򣿡
Ϊʲôһ˾봥
ÿxӦô죿
ϲʲôоʲô֣
ϧûпЩʲô¿ˣҲûһۿס
ھиŬܿĿİĶ򵥵ˣ˼ܲ³߰˳ɡ
ǳԸһ£ǴնĶţäһ˼
Ǹһɵģһ䣬ҡͷͷ˼̫ҡͷ
ῴһſԼʶЩ֡
СϷÿ춼ҪüΣϵôܿһ졣
ģҲſģһֱüȫչӢӡ
кص£оԽԽԣСʱһҲֻ뾡취ģա
ʱǰƣܿ͵˱Ҫʼʱˡ
ǰͷϢȥμӿĻʽ
ѡĿĻʽĻʽǰһкܶݣǳ֣ܿϧ
ǻˣԽЩԥ
ȴӰض֪Ҫ׷κúðһ£ԭ£ҲİɣĻʽ˺ܶ࣬Ҳע⵽ģοѡĿĻֲսûµġҪٵʮˣĺܿϧȷô
ͷߣǿģȴһβ֪Ʈȥ
͵ɢɢҲõģӦǺðɣȥ
̫ˣ˸˵ڳſڵǡ
ȵȹҶͨѶڻع
ļ򣺡ȥȳǣѡĻʽҪʼˣȥո֡
Ǹˡʶ
ô࣬ģİɡ
һû˵ʲôݿʼʰҪĶ
Ȼ˯֮ȴûһĺ͵͵ٶ㳯ųȥ
ΪҹҲһֱţ̵겻ţ֯
Ǻֱĳû˿ԥ
ǿȳҲܻӭľưɣ漷˱غˣ˺Ť塣
ɳϵذǽǣʱܿһ𲻺гˡ
һֵط𾪵ؿЩǣҹķθӿнâɱӿͷȴֱסˡ
Ϊ˱ⱻϳصαװϵϢˣϴߣͷĽǱɽǡ
߽ȥʱвַת
ЩˣŲ߿죬ܿʧڴС
ưкܶᣬһһ⶯ӡ
ŨŵЩͷĿѣ
ߵĳʱ͸ѤĲŷ죬ԿһȺˣΧмǸĴֿˣңһֶžƱһȥ
ۣǰȥ
ûãͼǸһӵ˶˱˳ƺЩˣŲ¡
Ǹһֺõһ·һߵǸȫѵŮˣƯֶȤͷİɣ˺ܾõģ԰⡣
Цļ磺ֻҪ⣬ٲĺô
ٺ٣лл
¥¥徻࣬һһķ䣬ǳЧҲܺá
ԶҲظߵ¥ʱڴס
ûмţתͷվ˹սǴһֱ˵ĽŲŵĸ֨
ȷλúԭһᣬٶᵽޣգۼڴ˽ȥ
̲ס۾Ĵ˿
˽ȥѾ˳ӣҲֱͦˣһϵؽѵʲôؿ
ǡͷվá
¥˳ҵ˽ȥķ䣬ˣ˵Ű˲Ρ
ҲƻŲᱨ
Ӻܴ󣬽ȥǿң̶ֻһṦѾ춯
Ųһ£˹ȥ
ֻǽϵӳһ޴ĶӰӰԭʼֻеĶʱ˷ܺС
£һһϢŮ
սȥֱ
Ůһֱţѹľ޴ֱ֫
ǶһҺɫëӴϬţͷĽȴм䣬ƺֶӽ
Ҫ֪⼸Ƿǳ£Ȼ˺Ѿһ𣬿Ϊֳ룬ͬӽƷ֡
˽Ķͣһ£Ůһת
˭ȥ
ţģݺüû˵һ仰ȥŶԷžһȭ
ͻϮҲǿ͵ضܿ
Ͼھʵġ
ֱֺŭ⣬ٶȼ죬ȫĻᡣ
Ҳ̫󣬶ûôչĶܵѹƣֻܶܣ˵ĻᶼûС
һȭȭ򣬴ףͷǶѡ
ŭ֮£žʹΣǰ
㵽˭˭ģ
ȴѾ˿ɵϿգһܿ͵Ϯٱܿ
Ƭ̿Ѿˡ
ȥصǣٻͫɫɫڷż׷ˣ¡
ֱûдһˡ
ʲôʱֳܹ裬衣
Ҫɱ㣬ʬεڽֱιӣ
ªֿʱ䣬ѾˣԼˣΪҪ¶ˡ
һŽ߷ڵأһצӴϡ
ûüʲôֱӻ˹ȥ
ûֱӽɱˣΪ˵ɱ˲ΨһĽ취
ŵϹˣĿ¶ؿһᡣ
һצֱӸԴͷȥ
뵽ڷʱĶԻת߶Ͽ֮ת뿪
뿪ʱһֱԵŮ˹ظ˵лл
ʱ뿪صңҲŹȥһСʱѡ
Ծ˯
صˮϴɾϵζŻصǰ˺һᡣ
¶ȿĲͣеˣߵϵıӡ
߽ȥ¶ȵһЩΪϱӡ
ϤϢһֱûѡ
ڴ߿ãѲһһ飬һֱҪӽʱ뿪
ıЩ
˯Ǽ£ű߿˻ᣬ¶˯Ҳ죬ûнȥתͷ뿪˷䡣
һ뿪
Ҫǣ緹˾ʰö׼ˡ
˷ҲҪż
ǰνǸ˲СӰϵװֽȫϣҲһѡ
Էһڳ̫࣬˭ֻ֪ʲô̬£ȴ˵
գۣɵؽ˿ڴ
ˮëϣ䣬ȺͰӦûزˮȳԵĻʳ
ææµµ˶Ϸһᣬʵӳ
ȵ˶ϷĬĬͳӣһϵԼϣһ˵ݸ
Ÿٶ˺һᡣ
ʲô
Ϊǣء
߶
̲סЦˣӹһˣҲϵԼϡȷʵᶪˡ
ӲԴֻ֮һ׳ߵĶҪһ
ܿ쵽˳
һΣʱͣķӳŽٹ
Ϊ˷̫࣬ͣҲҪŶˡ˵ȴʱ䶼·ϷеʱҪá
Ŷ˳ǣԶԶܿƵĸǽǿװˣ˱ֻܱȰһߡ
·ߵˣ촩ŻŵȹӣԴϻŸᳪתȦͶӰһ˷ܣֻͿʼȳ򳪸衣
һᣬﱻһӡ
ص͸ģҼǵٹ¾ˣ˽֮Ӧöûʱǰף㡣
ҪԼˣЩ־ϲصл
һԵסˡ
գȫ֪Ҳʲô׼ûС
лҪ˵

 43 

ûעı, 󣬾ͷŽ
˿ʼĻʽ᳡ȥ
ʶǣ֣ͷ˩ϵ, ĬĬս֡
ʱע⵽ߵһμʱ, Ǹ˵ģٶʵ̫, мʱҲûм, û
ôȻǣ, ͽһ
㣬ʲôʱżˣô֪˭һ£ûͦ˧ʲô壬ĽǺôֺ˧ˣʲôʱһģôʶģأôû, ķһڼңͦôȻû֣
һ˵˺ܶ໰ǹһͻͻͻ֪ͣûشĸźá
ͷ˲Ծֽһ, ɿյ̫һʱûѵ, Ҳɴôˡ
ˣǲżޣǣĸ磬ûô̫࣬Һ»ɢ㿴ǻ˨ӡؼȥˣڼңûһ
˵һۣûƺҲû˵ʲôͷֻܿĺڽɫͷ֪Щʲô
ֻ±˿Լһŵ
˵ǰޡ
ǲżʱͻȻʼڴֻ֣֪̿ôش
ѸپͷˣҲУԼԶǴǰǸСӡ
֮ҲϣʲôϲҲֵϲʲô
Ϊף˭ԼûŪҲŪ졣
ͣȻص˵ͷЩյضҿ˿ԭ˳ô˧һͷһμءü۵Ǹеô˵ԺҲǸС˧ˡãμ棬ҽȡ
к
ԼлعҲ˵ͷһμһָһ¡
ãޡЩŤ˵Լı
һϲסֺһûǸ˧ˣ㻹ֵôܸʶʶ¡
˵Żwinkһ¡
֣͵͵ϲһ£ûʲôصûˡ
Щźǿϧˣһǵ򳤴ɣȻƢǻ˵㡣
Ц̲סըëϽ˳Ļʽߡ
վˣĻʽǲҪʼˣǿ߰ɣ˾͸ϲˡ
Ȼع񣺡ԶԶԣߣԤλãǰء
˸һ·ѵسǰߣ㻨һСʱߵط
һ·һֶûзֿȼôؼͷҪðˡ
ֺܱһһȶɢˡԾس߿˼Ǹ첲Ÿ첲ơ
ںһӹ
Ļʽȳǵ룬һ޴ޱȵĹ㳡ƽʲôŹᱻ·ҲΧۡ
ʱ㳡ܶ߸ߵǽΧ˰ʽĳءΧ·ȫ˵ȴˡ
ش£Ȼֻһ᳡Ϊ˱ܳʲô⣬᳡˳⣬ظ
гض뿴ڲٵڶתȨԸѹۿ
ڣŶӵȴ롣
ӵ˵պܽôɤźҲֱ̫ͬݳֳһ
ʱǺֻˣǰֻ¹ˣλܴǼм䣬Ҫɡ
Ӹߣʹǣĳ˰§ȫȦԼ
ôӵĵط˷ľ˵ۡеϲĵطˣΪֻܵʱǴǰδйġ
ǿһԵȣίίؽԼһţһ߳ס壬ʵڼòˣʹǰ¡
ˣ
ǰ¹˵ĲҲر𳤣ӱҪһͷͷֻԼһߵȣͬ˵ʲô
˵ˣ
㡣
ˣ
˶ź˰죬һЧûУڷˣ۰Ͱ͵سԱˣҲչȥһ
û뵽ûĸ첲һƮ˹г˾ռȫʱºӡ
ֻúһëҪըˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
˵㣬˻¶ŹֵЦݣûߴգֻһֱû뿪ϣ˰
һСʱӣڽ˻᳡С
Ϊ㹻ˣλܸߵ˶ʮߣʵȥˡλһߣλüء
ǵλòڣ̨ӡ
֪λü۸Բˣת˲Ǯȥ
ȳ˸ۣǮϰģڲۣ˺ܶأòôࡣ
ûϵҲȱǮ˴γޡ
֪˲Ǯȴ֪Ŀֻ֪ÿһض߶ˣǸ̡ôǣǿ϶кܶࡣҲûƴǡ
λòţм䣬ұߡ
ºȺһֱԴĸûͣƽռ˵Ҫֿ⻹ͷһܺúģ˵Ļ⡣
ĵÿģеߵ
ºŵ־ɿˣŻ˩ϵӣַߣһ֣ڽҪʱϽ
·ʲôϷһרע֣ȻҲĲֺ
ûע⵽ۼؿˡ
̲סЦЦĸ첲رԵСʵ
޵ô£ôôܣǣӵģ治ż˼żܶûôءҸʶôãôǰûǣʲôʱϤģ
ʵĲһ˲֪ʲôĸޣЩӦ˽򵱳żĸо
ûиͣϾԽ֪Խá
ǽʶģʵûȫ꣬ԸЩ򣬲̫˵Ұæչһ¡
ŶԭϳŶһҲ֪ûš
㲻ϲʡ
һֱֵסˡ
̲סһ£˵ˣ˵ϲ
ȲĵػЦǾͻϲϲǶϲû뵽㶯ô죬һΪҪһֱһء
ǲԼʲôûãɴҲˣֻʹĶͷ
ͻ
һԵһᣬŴʼոյСϷ
ȶ㿪ͷȥζ
Խ֡
ˣޣӸ¡
Цո˵ĻʵҲûôˣָ¡
žؿʼϢ
û㿴ϢģһֱգۣʾϢͣ˺һŴնˡ
ֻһۣص˹߿
ȷǣϲдĿ϶䡣
ָָоԼ֪ͱ˵ǲһġ
㻹û׷˰ɣҪҪҰæ
üһ䲻ãҲһֱڿգͣϾ鲻׵رࡣ
ʲôֻҪѹһͽˣʵڲоͶΡ
ֽ취ҲԸְȾ
ô׷ʡ
شȶʱЦͦףʵͦ
ͨն죬ҿ̲סҪһλİɡ
һ̧ͷҪ
û뵽ȵĻҲͬʱ𣺡Ҫ
һ𣬾ȻǳĬ
˸һۡ
üëޱ顣
浽˶ûкƽû뵽򳤴ˣϵ
֪ΪʲôⲻԾĬӣЩʧĸо
һ֡
һʵҲǲԵİɣȲãʵҲϸ϶ܰ
һûôûȫΣһ㣬ܻġ
ĵʱͻԲл޺ܾãû˰οĻҪɺˡ
̫С
ԺҵŲŵĶǰϵЦѾɢɾ
Լĸ̬ԼҺӴҪŮˣе㲻ֺ̫ܵġ
ʵҲǺ
һֱû˵ûȣסֻ˻Σ
ţ
ôˣ
ûڿʲôʱʼ
ȵͿˣٵʮӡ
˵̶ֹնϣϢ
ǻûһɣҿ㻹ͦ׽ӣһ㶼ų㿿˵ǽģҪ֪֮⣬ɴûжκôܹ
Ȼ֪ôʶģҹȥɴû˵⸽ˣɱƭȻһ˱ȥû֮ء
նһֱʾͷȷϢ֡
ᡣ
κ˶пܻ˺ֻԲܡ
˵㻰˫۾ڶءദľϸڣҿ԰׷ôʶ磬ﻹкܶǰƵŶ
̲סɴ۾߳Ǳ߳ۡ
سü˻ϵնˡ
ͷҡ
ȸһϸڣҾͰʣµķ㡣ȷһӵСƵ
㿪˿
ǴԼǰǰԺһƬŢûʯ·Ҳûп԰ûΧǽ
һ͵Ժ⡣Щˣ϶ƣһͣϢƬ̡
һӳȹ¿ɻڵĻˣģ첲ϸһͻϡɫҲЩ԰ףòӡ
ĬĬһᣬҪæߵĺҲ̫ȣѧһеŤŤӣ˵ȫĻ
Ͻڰȥ㻹ûأˣȥ
˵ְϡ
겻ֻε˻ȥ
һᣬ˺һ䣬߳ͷ߿Ц¡
ǸЦԺ˲һʣů
ϧƵܿͽˡ
һػֿһ飬ֿ
ԭǰڲô
֪ȥʲôôģ֪ࡣ
ȷ˸ֹȥ
ֻԲ˵ΪĻʽѾҪʼˡ
ôĳأڵǣ̨޷ȫòô졣ܿͷԼĵǶôࡣ
ĽǾ޴ȼ̨ϿնһƬ޴ͶӰȥҲܿһ
ȼźʮֻβ練һͬĻ档裬Զ任ʱֲʺʱһƬƶ䡣
̨ʼ󣬺ܿ콫йϯ֣ʮֻҲϰֻƺ־һ㡣
ɾһĳȥֻһ񣬽Ǹݣ󲿷ȫϱۼĿѣԡ
Ǽܴ˶
ͷһμʶ߿Ƽ漼ã̲סץ֣ѡ
ŶǾˡһ
ЩɢɶɵԶûκ뷨Ŀֻרעض˷ܵʱһúˣͷ˿ڶϣҲ俪
ӿڴõСëֹȥ˲
ͷſʣ˵ʲô
ʲôû˵Ҳչȥ촽ĶȲȣ
е㷢죬ڵһҡҡͷȡ
ĵؽˮ˳ˮݵߡ
˰죬ɤеƣҪӹӣԼˡ
ŷ㡣
ֻýͶι
֮ǰ˿ǵʵ˲ٶˮ緹ʳ
ʵûʲôʳԵľ٣ʳͲκζˣӲҪ˵ʳľˮˡ
ʣʱڣɭҲƻԺżˮ
ǰף֪ɭĶġ˲Сܡ
ͷĵؽˮгɿ飬ںãȻݵߡ
£Եһ߳Իһ߼˻
ԱߵȱҲͶ룬һˮһˮģ۾
ޱĻҪᰡˣһ˵żһ˵û׷֣ȻǵദģʽСˡ
϶ǲ˼ϣҲǲ˼ܾ
ͻȻԼǸݵˡ
ҲˮˮͶι
ԭαݽ֮󣬾Ϳʼˣַ˧Ų̊ʵ׼˵ȫǳúÿģļǵǣ˿ڶֳ࣬ϡ
кʱսĲҲҪϳޱݣõĶﶼޣǳΨ
ûʲôȤͷȥҲڿԼ֪˶á
һоʲôͷ֣ڱ׽ǰʧˡ
㲻ϲʡ
Ỷûôˣ˵ҲҪպܽ
ҡͷûͦ˼ġ
ޱݽĺܿ죬֮ǱĲ߳չʾ⣬չʾ񶷼ɡ
䣬졣
˵μӽĿĻʽôôڶû
һصص㻹֪ɣϢ˵쿭ˣڻҽԺأ֪ܲܲμӽıˡ
ǰ߾ôʲô£
Ѱ˰ɣ˵̧ʱȫѪ϶ҲûˣɲˣԺֻܽӸٵˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣʲôޣ
ΪŮˣҲΪĹھɣ˭֪ء
𺳵գգۣ֪˭ôġ
һԵĬĬ죬ǰ˭ɵأ


 44 

Ļʽ, Ȼûֵټ
Щרųķ˿ʼֻС飬Ҳ֪ôŽһ֡
󵽼ѹ, ̨ڱݵαҲһ
ʵڿƲסˣĻʽͣ˼, иһº͵ȥ䡣
ܱǸûǰ֪ͨңΪԭ, û취μӿĻʽѾϵ, Զ̴ף
˵Ÿ߸ߵͶӰ, ԰׵Ļϡ
ıҽԺͷֻĵϰ
еޱ𾪵ǣʱĿϵģһεøɸɾϵĽҲ
òǰ±޶£Ӣ˧ʱЩͲ̬üͷ΢ɤͳ
λװķ˿, ǿʵںܱǸȱϯεĿĻʽ壬һᾡҼ档ϣǶĿġ
ֵĲ, ȵ˵֮Ļʽ᳡ȫһƬп޺ֻŮ, дзۼغŰϣơ
ޱţĺ޲Ц̲סٴ̾Ǹ˵ǸɵƯƭﵽ׶ʲô߰£˭Ҳ֪
ڿ֮󣬺ĽĿûж鿴ˣֳҲûҲרעۣһƬ
ʱĿҲҪβ֪䣬ѾСʱ
κʱе飬㳯ǰԵ
ۼֿһקסǰһıϡ
һ£תͷʵû°ɣ
ҡͷҲһ䣺أ
̫˽е飬Ѿöˡ˵Żһ¡
Ӳĵذ§ס̫࣬ȫȳȥ
е㲻̫ڣҪԼߣʱ󲿷˶ʼ½볡Χ˺ܶ࣬ģռҲĻɢֻÿಽسǰȥ
ֱһߵĨ˰Ѷϵĺ칷ԵĿţҲԼ̫ˡ
ȴӿĻʽֳǽһСʱȥʱѾ緹ʱ䣬󲿷˶ļꤡ
ֲԱ
ȵȥǲ԰ɣͣҿ벻ġ
Цллˣɣʲô㣬ﶼԡ
ģ
ٷûϣĻʽ󣬵ȱһϢ˻ȥ
źȥһ¹ʣʲôЦϰֱ޻Ҫ£
ο䣺ȥɣ´Ҫʲôǰ˵˴㡣
ãǺðɣҾͲԼˣú档ϵŶ
һʱ˵ģȻȸ߶ȻƭԾԼˣҪලΪ
ûȣʶԼԾɱţźۼѿȥģԷô㲻ķҪȻؼң
ҡͷóԷ
һߵ֣ӭ߹ʱ͵ס
Сײ
˳µٴǰ֣ˣһͬǰߡ
ϵ¶ȣֵֹܾģڵΪ̲סҪ롣
ϸչԼԼǰչһûκ
ǺģԼԽԽչˣԼҲԽܿľֻԼҲֻԼ
̬ǻεġ
չȥľͲֻ⣬˺
֪ô˵ģظоֻܲȴֲԸԼȥ
жһƣͺٻصǰ
ԼӦ̸һΡ
µǣּǰߡ
ʱκһҲ˶ܶ࣬ȥҪλáһ˼Ҷûλˡֱӳǣû뵽Ϣ
￴ĻʽôҪҪһԷ
պĲԶܿϡ
ԾɴֻнǵĶɣֻνǲڵſţﱻš
ôˣ
ŽǵıʹˣЩ̫ҴҽոտĻʽͽҽԺӻˡ
վ߳򣬰Ҳһһᡣ
λǣżǣһ֣˵˺һģһĻ
ŵһ٣ҲˣɵڶҲʱͳﲻˡ
֣ǣˣ̫࣬ɢ
Ҳǣһͷһξÿȳ̫СˡڰûһԣҪ׷ס
ãϸһøֵô
ǣĸޡ
ԭˡ
ʹ˴סתĵ˱ģҲ˿
֮ûһͷһۣӦͦѹġ
ȷʵѹɿ֣֮ľһ̲סսȭͷ
ֿҪĸо
ǲǲˣǲԼǲǲҪԼˣ
ַӵͷû˼ָճȭнâͣ
ܿ侲ܷʲô
ǰѾǰһΣ˩ŵӱع
ͷһۣӵôͣסˣҪˡ
á첽ϡ
˼ҺƫƧĲطҲû
ܵ˿ĵ꣬ζ̫ܲⷿˣҲֵֻܿطǲҪ
ᣬζͦ㣬Ӧúܺóԡ
ǵȻ൱
֮ǰΪ׼ȡ͸ϴ߲ˡֵĺܶ࣬һͶ˵㡣
ۣ̫лˣһֱϲص
а֮ڣȻٲҪĸְԣԷ˵˿
֪ΪʲôҽԺô
ҡͷȻںһ㣬ϸڲ
Ǳ˴ģȥưǸư˸һȫѵŮˣǱ˷䣬/ʱӽ䣬˫ҲˣȻ˵ƣ϶ϲıˡǴģ첻֪ж˿ĻˣЦ
ҲûáǰھʵӦúǿ˭ܰú޻֮
ưɵĵˣǻûҵ˵ٶ죬ûκëָѪҺƤмû£˾ƾʧˡǽʱûֳ˺ܶ沿ʶôΪץ׷ġҵϣԶҲץ֪˶ˣûɱǱˡ
˽ҲϣֱҵƾɳЩ£ûߺ˵ֱ̬ȴǰ䱾زкˡ
˲֪ж٣ӦͲ߻õģصؽᣬ˵ʲô֯ġҪˣһҪҵ˺Լˣ˶ˣ绹ȥ˳Ǳߴ㣬Ҳڰæֳʱҡûôܻ䣬ϸң˵ҳͿʱˡ
ü
һ򶨵ţѾȫûϴε·һжԼ޹ؽҪһ㣬ҲȫԼᱻץס
רԣЩˣϸĵ˴̣ŹҲȫȥ˹ֻ⣬ָˮֱߡֱĵĵĻ˹ܼһҪġ
ŷԼﶼѾˣЩûжһΪ˷ԣÿһֶţĵ˼¡
£Ǹø˸жģ³˳
ˣԼͺˡֹٴμв˵Ķ
û˵ʲô¿ӣһԿԷ
һ΢Цؿ˻񣬹Ȼֵ䲻ԣΪһˡ
ò̾۹涾ⶼܲµİ/Ųʮ
һԸֵܣҲ͵
һ´򣺡ҼǵţϢôͨô֪ȳΧˣǴģĳôʲôУ˵Ҳ֪ء
亹ʼðˣλ׷׵ĹȻҪǿ֡
ȷʵǴͦԶĵطģû㲻֪ҲԷζ治
Ūȥ֮ܿ⣬ó˵Ҳٶʣת˵
СԷζ·ߣǸӣ֪ͨ
һӣϴαٵˡ
طϸ˵ǿȳǵƶûʲôģ˲ûжο
Է̧ͷͷﲻ֪ʱˡ
˿һ廹һһΣ֪軹ڸʲô
̲סͷҪһ㡣
Ҳڴʱڻζ̧ͷת˸λãڿˡ
ˣȻڹ컯֮Ϊƣ˿Ƶģ·Ų˵㣬¶ص㲿λ
ĵķҪԲȥˡ
һֱע״ҲͷҪ⿴
֣һס۾Դ˻
Ȼ˵ΪûдڹȾ۾Ǵġ
תͷ𿴡
գգۣ۽ëģеġ
Ųʪ۾һؿ·˵һҲ̲ס¶һ¡
ǲֱֳ仯ˣŻһ˵ĸоȴ˲١
ƺֺÿһ㡣
ʱҲ˶ˣһѷ¿ӣߵ·߾͸ɤŵ
ҪҪˣϽҹȥСһӰˡ
˼ڷֿˣֿƵعӳ߻˻Ρ
һڣǵ㶹ѿ˼ó԰ڣӶˣϸҲǴʮ
Ĩ˰Ѷϵĺû뵽ƽտİȻô⺷һ档
ˣλϣ˼سЦЦ
߾ôң֪󣬾ڸǻ
ʼеûףܿͷӦ
ֺ壬ӵӹʱܷ࣬Ҳˣ൱ʡҲķôãŮڽϺױɧš
һҪעⰲȫ
νʼ磺Ҳûʲôҵ鱨ôġ
һʱԶԡ
ȵ극꣬춼ˡ
Ļʽ֮ĵ죬ҪʽʼˣһսڿǰΪ˷ֹοʧÿ춼иֱĿҹԸ
ѾûȥЩˡ
ΪʳѾһ춼ûгһ㶫
֪һ첻ҲûϵҲԾɵġ
ǻؼҰɡ
ЩȻкܶطûȥ
û£һ£ǻкܶʱ棬´ɡ
ǣǵࡣǵĹؿϣǴιͷʱҪϵĶ࣬߰˸ΧڳλãԱһͶӰλεعһԡ
ÿҪȥʱͻȸ߱ȶһһϳٷ֮ʮͻᱻѺʡ
ͶӰ˲;Щ졣
·ƣӣΣӰĪ뵽͵һ
ǰɣ
ͶӰתʱܷȫˣǸûİˡ
˿˵
˰ͨԿڣ˳˹ȥֵ
ȶֵһʮ࣬һֵ͵ʮ࣬Ҳſֹ
߰˸ŵϸ
ʲô壿
ͷҪˣĻıҲ̫ԶˣһҪ¡
Գһȱݱ䲻ԭΣֻһֱάΡ
лȱݵ˲٣޷εĲֵ࣬طܹɲмˣǷǳ֡
˺Ŀɨɨȥȥˡ
Ȼ޷Σ
ǰҲ̫ˣԳôСҲͷһμĸ첲ϸó󡣡
Ʒͷ㣬Ƿ
ǼסģҪʲô
ȴס￪ϣҪؼҡ
ôסֵطʲôôĳǣ
ǷģǵһοǣͣǱߣм¼Բ鿴
˵Ž뱨˳סôԶĵطҪֻͣͣĶܲ鵽¼¼ҷûгڸԲǡ
ıȶԽʱҲˣǰٷ֮ʮڣʮҲ
ɣʵҲСǣȥɡֹͷˡ
Ͻ뿪
ȵ˷֮ȻûзҿһʵĲɣ
ûлش𣬶Ƿʣô
Ż񣬱˲֪ôϤ򣬾ûп
Ҳȷ̬񡣲ǲǣҶϣԶҪˣһֱƽƽ
ŴҲˣȴԾɽԼһţͷ
ҡĬ
Ѿ²⣬ɵеõ϶شʱԾЩš
Ϊʲôס
׺һЩ˺㡣
ڲǺúõôο鶼ѾȥôãαҪڿĻʽǰһ춯֣ʱô
ֱ֪ʲôʱȥġ
һ㣬ҲСֻǼֵ
еİ
˿һΣΪʲô
һȴΪʲôҪȴˡ
ͷڿûС
˵
ϲ㡣

 45 

һ˲ܻû仰ʲô˼
ϴûϸ;ʹȥ, һ˵òٺŪˡ
ɬؿڵϲʲô˼ô㡭
Ѹٴǣ֪˵ʲô
, ϲͰϲǲһġ
ͲСˣǸ, ٽһΣܳ׽ڡ
Ѿʮˡ˵
Ÿձ𾪵һξˡ
ʲô
ʮ, Ѿʮˡǿ
ʱ䲻, Ҳжʮͳ, Ҳᳬʮꡣ
ѾʮˣͬһѾã뿪׶ǵʱֻѾҵԼżˡ
еûܣȻԼôࡣ
صѾˣֵϲ𡣡
ҪڵĻߣ֪ôȰ˵źá
һֱСӿԼҪ, ͱԼҪԼټӾ̫Цˡ
ԾЩûת
ı־ͦɣ֤ʵ뷨һʱ䲻֪ôźá
ҡ
㲻ϲ, ֪
˵ŵͷͼԼһţֻϣ, 㲻ҪߣҼߣֻҪߣʲôԡ˫ǰһ۾Ͱ͵ؿǰͿ
Υ۾ӿ֣ڽǾ仰˵ڵʱ򣬾Ϳʼˡ
κһζҪ£µ̲סҪ˵˿ڡ
ΪΨ£û취ƭԼҲû취ƭ
ᣬҲеɬɬġ
ôҲû뵽ᷢչǲ̫ˣԴϲ
ޣ˵ڶֻѣǰĵط뿪ĵһ˾ң㿴Ҳңû˿ѡܿ棬ܶ˽ˣͻᷢԼϲڵ㡣
ίľܾˣ˲ˡ
ҡͷǵġ
˼ˣҪô
ҪԼˡ
ѹĶǱǧһʱôʹûôʹоԼĴڣƯһƬڰУڰԽԽԶ
̶ֻһᣬû취ȥˣҲϲ޷Ҫʹࡣ
ڵϣСʱһͼȥ֣ԲҲϲˣҪߺòãòãһܹԣĺܹԡ
ݺסˣûסҲҪˡ
Լŵ̫΢ˡ
һֱ֪ûаȫУÿζػӦи˻һֱ֧
ЩĳΪһһңĸӱ΢
Լǲʲô
۵طס򣺡վҡ
·Ѿȫˮʪˣͷҵϡ
ס˲־ˮ֮ץסһأץסԸ֡
ʱҲԾɹִ
̧ͷҡ˵
ʵע
˵ûвϲ㣬ҲûҪߵ˼Ÿճ󣬸տ磬ӴֻҿҲֻңʱʱ̿һϲңҲ뷨͸ܡǣӦȥӴ˸£㿴ˣȥѡǶԼҲǶԱ˸
ȫ˵ʲôһ£ܲܽܣܲĵһˡ
֪Ծһ־ܾ
Ѿ᲻ӦˣֻҪԸԼǾ㹻ˡ
Խϲ
ŵͷã֪ˣԲ𡣡
֪ʲôһֱϣܱÿĵԼû취óԸ
鱾ѿҲ˵Ķ
㲻ҪҵǸҸøǸŶԣԲ𡣡
ҡͷһܴô
Ȼԣһ˰
ǰܿĸΪһˣֿʼʹˡ
һԶ޷߽¸
ѾȰ˵ԼʵˣԾģظʻϣû취ͣôϢţһֱ޵˼ҡ
Ҳܣޣʹ࣬ͺҪõʲôǱĶ뾡һа취Ҳ
УԼҪġ
ĵƫͷ⡣
Ѿ͸ˣҹˮϡϡ׺ϣǳҹ̫ˣ˿ϵǡ
ͷãֱ¡
뿪ʱڴģصʱ˶ƣ
ˣȥϴɣȥһûκα仯
ĨɾϵᣬĬĬıӰ߽תϴ䡣
ɾԼͷŬԼһЩ
˶ǰһദһԷջǳĬࡣ
˿ˮͳԲˣҲû˵ʲô
вˣӲŸȥ뵽ʲô˻
ˣʲôû˵ƽʱͲ̫˵һĬ͸ӳĬ
ƺ֮Ϳʼˣ˶Ҫʲôûзʵһжһˡ
ʹȭͷָоҲʼԼǲˣ˵ò˼
ûܿԼĿϲ˭ϲ˭
ȥʱڵϺݺݴԼ¡˿Ҳᱻշֵİ취
֮˳ƺһһ㡣
оеܣƺҲʶԼΪף͵Ǹŵˡ
ûϵӹˢϴŲλãǰһʼϴ̨
ͬĳһûٴӣźö˳ȥ
£նˣûȸԼ˺ܶϢ
Ѿһ˰ɣӦòҪṩʲôˣ빫һǱܵġ
㻹Ҫʶľ
ܼǿʵĻϣչ˱ģ̫ҪǿӲչһ㡣
أôأǲڣˣæˣϢ
һǼֳ˻Ϣ
ûһܾңոա
û뵽ȻһֱڣϢ
ô£𾪵ʣʲô治һԣôܾˣΪʲô
Ҹܾˡֻˡ
ЩԣΪǵദģʽżԭȻ飬Ҳѹ֣ҲͦԸġ
ô룬Ҫô
ȿóҲ׽Դ嶼ûԾܾ·ֻҪҸҲܽܣԸΪ֧һ
ĬĬػظϣ飬Ǿ顣
ȿظٴⶼʲôԻ·
˻ʲô飬ҶһᣡģȰ̽̽ڷ硣ôķϣЩƵȷˡ
˵ŴƵмʮ
һֱѹֵͻȻ
ϵض˵һлûдƵһһֱϵ¡
һ죿
û㣿
ûС
µĶʮţҪϲ
š
ûйգﶼҪÿʮһգʮʱѾû˼ǵˡҲûи׼
ҪʱҪʲô
ֻǶʵ̫дܶܶࡣ
Ҹ׬ǮķӲС
֪ʲô׬Ǯİ취ô
ȶûô˼ͻصһʮ򣬶ӮһһӮʮֱһ򡣲̫ΣˣʺܸߣȥûܳɲȥȥɣҲһҲкüҲ˽⣬Ҳȥˡ
ŵǼ˳˼
ȵͨѶ֮ȲشƵ
ȺĵؽƵʱ˱ע㿪һݣѾǽӽ֮ǰʱ
Ƶһ򿪾һƵеϴοǷﻹҪĸ첲ϸֻһСɫ԰ף޶ڴϡ֪ţ˭ΪǸˡ
һߣЩǵضһҩι
û뵽ͻȻ˹ܣǾͻ֣̿űǽ
彫볯ǰƣ˺һᣬŻֽӹСںȥ
ڱл
Ƶʱһ»߼µ
㿪֣ӦĻô壬Ҳһתǰƺ·µ֮ÿ춼Ҫǽϰ·
ͨ˶Ժܼ򵥵·˵ȴޱѣÿһʱ۾ľˣһҫ
ѿǽڶ·ʱϾһֱŲõЦ
һˤ˵ϣˤˣҲϰ
ߵԽԽˣһҲָĺܿ죬ָ֮вסʼæʰӣĻ˹ȥ
ԣÿ춼Եһѧϰ߶߶ţʼʱ˵ĺܲҲף¶ǻܿɰ
ʱﲻ̫׷ڴ߲ͣѯʣʲô˼Ǹʲô˼ΪʲôҪ⡣
ҲͲ׷żʣʵȲͣնˡ
Ļ˵ԽԽãҲ΢࣬ɫǹЦݡ
ȴԽԽʼ²˴š
Ժɹ̫ëιЦġ
ԺֲˣŪǽǽС
յĳȹʱֻϮ˶Ҳ˲ĸˣûþ͹ˡ
ʱûпޣֻʧȥƽյЦݣһɫ·վĹǰã˶뿪ˣվû뿪·һһ㡣
Ȼûпޣȴһɾ޴ı֣˶Ҫġ
ޱרעؿţûעʲôʱվԼߡ
ȵعʱŷȻҲԼá
ʲôʱģһ£Щִٵص
£ȷģ
ǡ
¶㻳ɫȻô࣬Ҷûʲôӡˣԭȥôˡ
ͷ˵ԭġ
ͷ֮ǰΪλ̱ܶˣһֱڲϣÿֻܿôĴӣҽԺȥҽԺ·ϣԺܶҩ˼μˡʱرޣΪʲôԼһģȥľȥģʲôʲôɱ˺üΣҩ󣬻Թ¥ɱۣһ㶼áҾ᲻ˣŶãͨܿĴǧ磬־ַһΪ֢ˣ۵ʱһΪôˣû뵽ͳɭֱԵ˻ҲʼܶˣҲú棬һ
¶һЩЦ
û뵽ҲôԹɱ̲סɴ۾һƬ£ְοһ£ڿҪֵʱֳɵ˻ȥ
Ƿһ¡
ĺܺãͱԵˡң־㣬žԵְɡҺϧڵܽôʲôʼնǼˣһԶı䡣
͵͵һ
ˣֻǼ˶ѡ
һ˺漸Ƶ
󣬼ʣһˣȹס죬տʼǼ£һֱǺܺãӱ˳ʼ޷ӣȴҲʵ
ֻǰһЦˣʱվԺ￴Զ֪ЩʲôȰסܾˡ
һ˱еµʼܾȵɡ
Ѿסϰˣˡ
ֱ֮ǰΪµζԽԽʼ޳֣ſʼǰҡ
⣬ȫʧҲﶨ
ƵһʱЩпָ˲ٸʱȤ¡
Ϊ׶һҶʧһ˵ĴܿһЦһЦ
һƺص˴ǰȻ˵ϴһ졣
ȵֿ֮ãڴϿŸ߸ߵ컨塣 
ϸϸŸڣҲûһ˯Сʱ˯
˯źʼص顣
׺װá
ĵһգõĶ㾡ԼȫС


 46 

ȷ˯֮, ٴȻ
Ķᣬʲôûв
ȳǵҹ֣ٴθװ˳ǡ
λǹ, ÿȳǾ֪ģǮ, ʱԽȥΧۡ
ûɵȥģȽȥοͿ
սûʽʼ, ҹ˾ưɶĳ͸Ѱ, ֵܴ̼, ൱ࡣ
Ʊ˽ȥ
طܴ˵ǵ£Ľڵ¡
ͬ޳һΪܿܶž޴ͶӰΧɳʮˡ
沢ֻһֳɸͨ񶷳/޳ΣҲ̼ۿ, ƱҲ߰
ͨ񶷳Ĺϯ˸λ£ﲻ̫ǰΧԾܿ·
ڲ̫, Χϡϡû
ͨС޷ˣƽ˳ûǮ, ҲοͶ¿ʼ
ÿ˵λ϶иССעģĳѡӮһѹˣܵõ˫
ͨı𶼲࣬Ѻע٣ӮҲᳬһǧ
ʱڶոտʼֻΧס°̨˲Ƥһߣʵ֡
Ͳֻ࣬һһϼᣬ൱׳ӡ
վ˵һͨ˵Ļϣߺһעˡ˳չʾһԼĺͼ⣬Ȼʤơ
޷עˣѡʱ̶ֻһӡ
һۣѺһޱҡ
Ŷһ죬һ£ֻ̧ʾ󣬱Ϳʼˡ
ûʲôɵģֻĳԷϳȭţҰһȭϵ͸Ŵֻ˸оƴޱȼҡ
ԭҪߵһЩοҲ̲סͣסŲۿ
һᣬ϶ˣ߸һЩһֱϷ磬˵˺üΣۿҪˡѺһƬû뵽ڵʱͻȻߵ˸߸ûԷӡ
֮£߸᳤һʱ·û֣ܿ߸㵹ز
еһᣬ˰Ӯ
ѺעҲ˲֣˻ܿޱҡ
һʼѺľǰ
ȸ߸һЩֻҪʧ־Ͳ䣬ҲȻϵһ
ֿһͬѺٽʮӺ˻ٴε١
ûͣһȥ
¸/޳ʱڱÿƱһǽپܿȫҪ뻹Ҫ٣Ǯ߽ȥ
߱һ̼ˡ/޳õĶﶼصѡģƺз򣬱ɭ޶ҪǿҪҰצ»ͱƴȫһ
ʱһֻõʨӣǰǸźˣûô·˺ۣѪģһ㱻˺
ᵽѪζʨӿˮʱ¶һ˫۾ϵ⡣
𡣡
һ˷ܵĺУʨٴǰ˱ˣ͵һʱֲڵĵĦ˿ڣʶһ飬һĵ飬ʨѾϣצѹסؿڣѪſ˵ԴѾʨڡ
Ѫ˳廹ڲͣ鴤ܿû˶
ϯϴ󾪺ͼУеСס۾ٿ
ĵûм˹ۿѪȻ棬ʨӳȥ
˾ˣͷӶιҰޣû˿Ҳû˻ں
ɫƽǰѪȳûʲô
ΪǸСųˣʹײеıԣⲻһһϦܸıġ
û뿪ֵȵһʼ
ѺעһѺעǧ
ԾǸոֻʨӣǸճ˸ˣ΢Щӣʱʨûиոô׺ݣ˿źСʨǰֻһֻŶ㣬ÿÿʨӼҪץסԼ֮ǰܷɿӿ
һ˺ܾãôһ˹ڵĲҴ̼ˡ
ûãԭ̨ܿԽԽС˺ʨӵľɿûпܵء
ϣϺܿ˲˺ۡ
ĹڿʼΪʨźߺſԵһʱ
Ȼʵûչڼ֮شʨӱë׺ݵؿʼ۾
ʨʹ͵شҪ˦ϵˣֻعͬһط
ܿʨ˫ʧ˵ȥץס棬ݺһ͡
ǳѪȵûܣЩһһ˳ȥ
ʨ˻
ⳡ󲿷˶ѺʨʤѺԵû
Ŷ򳯵ضȥ
ĬĬˣѺע취ԼҪѺٳõ㹻Ǯ
ȻϳܸõǮ֪жΣգҲױ¶Լ
ԼԼ׺ݵһ档
ԼֻҪϣӾ㹻ˡ
뿪/޳ת
ƱǰﳡظҲգһȥͷ·һһ㣬ǵ£ͷȴ̫̫ҫһƬɳأɳֻ޴ڳײԿ
ڶɳ˵ϣǿҵʵУ˻ΪԼĵɳĮУ˳ʵĴ򶷡
ֻƾУϸԴˣǿзͣƬ̺ٴײȥ
ײײţֻ޾ͱΣߴ˼˺һѪζÿڵ񾭡
ź쳹ʡ
ƺⳡߵԶԼ֧ߣ˿ͣغͣɱԷ֮Ļ
ע⵽˸żˣЩһһ
ܿˣ˸λ
һʱܳƾУ˭˭
һ߿ʱһ߿һֻ˵ÿռϷ磬ǰˣһצš˶ԷĲӡ
һˣûлĿܡ
ֳʤ󣬲̨ʤߵָߺǽĹھѾӮѺעʮޱңӮͻӵһޱң벻뿴Ӯȥ
룡
Ǿڴɣǵ׼ʱǰۿ
һֻһʱܳʱѾˡ
ʱ䣬Ѿ˺ܾãٴȥҪˡûмͣȥĴ㣬ȥ
ʱѾǺҹ󲿷ֱҪٽ
ʱһм߹һЩ죬ͨǸС
Щеظһߴ˵
⻹ǸˣǵȥǼĵĽīơ
ʱī˵ܺãѯʹҪҪרҵ·ܾˡ
ʱī̧ͷۣ´ƺʲôһ
ڸܴīӦûϳ
Ȼһ֮īƾ͸Ųһͬ뿪ˡ
ûдߣڿȳ߹հ˹գյһ߸ߵǽߣһԾ뿪ˡ
ϵڻص˼ңߵ⣬һǲǻ˯
û뵽Ÿտ߶Ȼˡ
һҲ֪ʲôʱѵģûзԼڣҷݣǵαװѸŲԺӾͷ£ԭΣͷ·Ϫ
ҹ˸جξˣһǰһҹȥ£һʱ´ȥ˸ڡ
Ͽһʱ˲һֹǵǣĵķŭʧ
֪򲻻Ե޹ʳ֣ÿζΪԼİΣ
˭۸Լֻϣƽƽģȥпȥ˭ܣпֳ
ûȥЩ£Ҳûס
ΪԼΣУһӡ
˿û˯⣬ʱ䣬ҹ㣬ǰվãתԺţҪȥߣ
û뵽ŲŸһ򿪣ͿڲԶĺɫӰ
򣿣־ϲ󲽳ȥ
ԭû͵͵ȥ
ԣϴα仯֮ټԭˣʱѾ䳤β˦ûһ𣬶ȫչһڵϡ
عͷСôˣǳô
ԼҲûֵЦݣǣ˸ξˣ˯ߣô˯
˯š
£ܸ˵˵ôߵ
Ų¶λСذ£˫Ŵɽ·߿Զ
ûʲôҡͷ
ʵ˵꣬ԼҲ׹ʲô˵ķô
ķȫΪԼĬȻΡ
ʣתڵˣ
ͷ̰ؿԭοԹĿõĻᱻ֡
ȴزߣ֪ڿԼͻȻͲˣôš
ѵҪ˵㲻Ҫˣûô̡
˵ǰȥĳסôͻȻ
£ȥģ
ǰ˹Σﱤǻ߰˳Ƕԣһߣ羰ܺã¶Ҳʡһڱޣ˵ΰõĳС
ĬһʣΪʲô
֪طʲô壬ļңĹҲﻹѣϤһС
Ҫ뿪ܾˣȴҪ뿪
ֱǸԼйء
һɵصôˣҴûȥĵطǰǲôڣǿȥ߿͵ȥɢˣסĲٻзҪʱܻ
ûʲôֻҪһͺá
á˵ͷʲôʱ򣿡
¸£˴ա
ǶʮţΪףպû͹ˡ
ᵽصĻ⣬˶Ĭ
Ȼ飬͵͵βͽȦסһӵơ
࿴βͼ⣬ȴûж㿪
ʵ֮е㲻֪ôˣװԼǰһȻദ
ͣظǿˣΪϾֻм˵ĹϵβƣҲá
µĶ¡
˴һҹ磬˸Ƿȥɣ˯һᡣ
á
θһݡ
˻ָ˴ǰദģʽʲôûһ
Ծҹȥ
ÿĸСʱʱ˯ú죬ҲѣܻʱҲֻǼСʱ
ÿӮʱѺһӮÿ춼˺ü
ôȥȺУ󲿷ͨοһûʲôע⡣
ڵĴҲӵʮ
ʮ̫ˣӮһѴġ
ϴǸӮΣǳߣӵһ˿ÿΪ˼
Ӯһʤˡ
ʤ϶δĳ档ܶսĲ߶Χˡ
һھʤҲﵽ˰ٷ֮٣˶ѺעӮսһûѺע
ΣƫƫѺһˣʮѺȥѺˣǮܷ
ҲϣʤôೡûкúϢҪ״̬ѣǳһЩҩҩ޷ʱԣʹԡ
λھǱȣҪֹˡ
й𾪺УžʮޱѸ볡
ʮԾɲٽǣɡ
һ棬췢ҹû˯ԭӦúȶ˯Ҳòȶ
ƽʱԲѣǻͻȻȻһۡ
򶼼ʱϻû¶ڡ
ȻǺõģƭҲĲ
Ѿʼ˺ö죬ȴûҪǵ¡
̫ȣҲ̫ŸɻˣԺ˸ĳСУݺĵҲЪ
һʱ˶
ѧϰ߰æôͲɱػЩ֫Ӵ
Ӹ׺˶ܿ˸Է֫Ӵ
ԽܿԽǻ᲻ػԷ֣ǲԾһ¼һͷ
ǰദʱûʲôڴô꣬һ˸֫ӴǻǸСӣϲǣǣһƬ
ϰ߲Ծôˣ²ż¶ѡ
ͻȻҪģŷⲢǼ򵥵顣
ƺҲһ㣬ߴգյֱߡ
Ծһ£Լˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǴ񵱳ԽԽʱһϴη֮ÿһÿ춼ڷ仯
Խһ۾һıһ죬ɾϵ֮޹һԽԽÿҲԽԽˡ
ԼҲûŹ㴩ֻǿʽ򵥵·վҲһ
ʱһתͷ̲סһ£ɼ룬⻹ôĳ
İУЩ룬ҪһǰӡԼ䣬򣬲Ǳˡ
ľĶǵĳСѼҲ졣
Լĳƺ֮ϵЦݱЩ
Цִɵʲô־ϲ㡣
ͳúܺÿһЦ͸˲ˡ
ĶҪˣôÿ˶ԼЦ˭ܿס
ôտص˶Ҫסˡ
Цס˿飬ԣͦá
۾ס˫۾ԽǱصİڶڲסȫȫס
һһͻȻһɿ֣˶һ󲽡
ڷĶ
оԼƺе鷳ˡ


 47 

оڲźۼضԼ
Ȼֵò, һֱעˡ
еɥҲеѹ
ԭôԼڵĳôȻΪʲôԼһ۾Ҫ㿪
شԼ߿, 㳤˿ȥҪˡ
˵еǳ, û뵽ȻᱻĳԻĶ
ǰ컹˵ԼֻǼţûѸٱˡ
˭еֿ, οǻ, ų
, ͼԼһ㡣
̷˼£ԼôῴʼĶģֻΪڳúÿô
ǳúÿҲ١
նˣʼǡ
ҲеӰֶģǴÿһεѡģвĳˣˣĸʸųˡ
Щò, ˶˵ͣľȻ޲
ĵֽ˵ķĳɼУͬ޸оҲͲ׳
εعصն, Լȥ¡
ܾ̫ˣһֱԼĸĸ׿ӣڵ֪ʵԼ, ǳ˵ģ̬Ȼ˸ı䡣
ԼӰ̫ˡ
Ҳѧʱһ侲һ¡
ѧϰʱ䣬ĿȥˣɴñӾͳš
£һֱԶԶطû뿪
ȥǱߣͻ
˵ž;ֱߣϣֲһ䣺úÿҡ
ûԶȥժɣҶĵط
ǰʱмˣɣҲʱָһɣ׵ȥ
˺üᣬ͵͵ʩηʣûɣ֦Ҷͳ˳ٶȷɿ죬¹ȥɣѾϵǰǿˡ
ǳȣֻһ۳һ
Ϳʼ
ûߣú˼һڵ
ص⣬ʵҲûõȥ
һֱܼᶨΪԼҪֿһ뿪
뷨֣׷ΪǳǳûаȫУҲŻһֱߣԼ˭ȥҲڴ
ԲڴôãﲻԱǲܵģˣԱҲȻûʧ
ԽԽãڣʵԽԽǿҲԽԽÿŸոճطסһƮһ뿪Ҳ
׵ʱĵһӦǶܣҲҽܡ
ûӵйʧȥʱͲѹ
ᶨؽ˶λϣֿҲֻỳ˺ѷεʹ
ʵ۵ģҲ·ֱ
˺ܳһʱԼһСǷԼʼĶֶܼòأ
죬ʮ£
ĸֻ˵λô
̾˿ʹ˴Լ
̫ܶҲڵסȣͷ룬ķҡ
˰ҲûףǵԼһ˴׼ȥ
û뵽ֲŸɣͷ߲֪ʱ˸ǶһһΣۼžҪˡ
һֻȰƻĺɫ֩룬֩ë׵Ⱦס
ʶһ˵ڵϡ
һܴ󣬰˵Ӧñġ
ƫƫûãһӰѸһ硣
ϵ֩Ҳɷ紵ƮԶ
һѽӵϱʣʲô£
û͵ǹЩȡ
û˵ˣôˣˤˣûˣ
طûʲôǱϮ
عĸ첲ʾԼ
ңû¡ѵ˵Щͣͷǿһֻ֩룬һûҧҡ
ģʣֻ֩뱻絴һȦƮ˻־סϷ˿üͷýһǺ¡ֻǶ֩룬һ㶾ɱüˣ̫Σˡ
˵Ž֩Զ
ŽովͲôһ˵ˡ
ǣס֣ˣȻȥ
ţ߶ǣһϣ¶Ⱥܵͣȵ죬ոջҵ˲ƽ
ҺҲûҪֵ˼һֱ쿴ؾǲᷴӦһ
ʵͷӦˣЦǣһᣬ
Ѿûˣȥϴһ
ƨɺҲϴ䣬һſڿϴĵصë
ȥˮҲںӵݵСе֣̬еĲˡ
һ˲䣬оԼСӣǸһеĴҳ
оЦãչǣҵĸоܹǺõġ
ûоﲻԣװ̣ǰӶ˳ȥ
Ϣ
ãԼͺˡΧԼת˵֪Ŀ˼ҲûҪȫʧȥԼʱͿռ䡣ȥԼ¾ͺˣùҡ
£ڷͼιԶ뷨£նˡ
ϴ˵Ķܺÿ֮ż᳢ŻһЩ˵ճ
˵ճ󲿷ճﶼûԼڣȫҲֻ
·΢ЦüʽıͶ
ճǸд档
һ߿Զһ߻
ѧϰûһ۾յȵϢ
ڷ˰٣⼸ˡôûѾʼüˡ
ûȥ̫̫ˣڼҿֱͺˡ
ȵֱֳеϧˣôˣ
Ϊ֣ʱȶǷһ뿴ԵЩȻŲʣʲôô
治һôҪʲôˣҿɲһס
Цã治ǡ
˷ܣȻǣҸܸżôúƢֺãϴƵѿڲҽܡұһԣ̫ܲʣصһ¡ȻǲǣôõԴ˷ˡ
Ҹ˵⼸Ѷˣл죬꣬ҪϲЩ壬дɽףȻǳϰԺӦûйͬ⡣ô
ڿгһϵѡʱϵЦݾͲԾʧˡ
üС򡣡˵˸ָϽĿڵ޻ûг̸꣬Щ̫ˡ
ûꣿܰӲ̫ˣжóꣿ
ӦûҪһʱ䣬֮ڲ̫ʣ㿴ûб˰ɣܵѡ첻ص
ͻȻʣǲ᲻ã
ס
Ȼûһ𣬵Ҳ᲻Ҹż᲻뿪㡣ͲˣȻϲ˼ңʲôһ/ڵˣҲҲ̫˽̫˵㡣ָ
仰ͻȻоǱһ˶еɵˡ
˽ȷʵ˽ӦĸףҪװʲôûһҪһദ
ʹã뿿ֲҿı΢ӡ
˽ܱɡ
˵ŶãӺڰĹȥһֽ˽ȥ껹ȥš
Ƚ˵ʲôѾȫȥˣ˶ĪС
ǶиоˣȻ׵˵㣬ٻÿģһͻᵣĵԲ˯á
쿪ʼһһǣġ
ǰСǣû򳤴˳ˣҲûƭԼǻ顣
ΪʲôܴӦ򣬾ͺĳһ뿪ô
Ҳں°
µʱԼȴӱˣҾܾ˺
Ϊʲô¸һ㣬ôµ¸ҵһ
ԭСԼŶԡ
̲סһһΣڲͣĶ
Լһ飬ǶԵô׼ô
ȴˡ
ǽϣʱͣĶ߸ȵĶԻ
һʱȻԾЩʧ䣬ȴûǰһѹ
ΪѾľҲѾʼϰˡ
ԶӦԼ׼ʵӦҲûйϵֻҪǻһֻҪܿͺˡ
뵽̲ס¶Ц
˵ʲôûϸܿûˣٳûг
صնˣٵһͽݿ
û뵽ͷŸתʹˡ
ܺ죬ϴηʱһʱСĿĵżϣˤڵء
ۼֿؽ˽ס
ˣͷ̡¡
ҪﱧֱȴסˣһֺܹŹֵԼ
Ƿʲôôʵ
վȴûɿһֹӡ
ĵţΣ˵һ仰
ϲ㣬һɡ
էһ仰ͣ˼룬Դһ¾ըˣΪԼǳֻˣҪôͿˣȻô˵ֻ
˵ͻȻ㲻ϲ˼ˣ
򲻸仰棬ҲҷϣֻĶͷװԼʲôûƺеأǸϽȥŰɣҸŪҩ
ֱ˻ŽסǿͷԼ
ûͷҲѡҲϲ㡣Բôá
ȫסˣûдӦҲûпģֻȷϵʵ㲻ڿЦôЦ̫Ц
ҡͷΪʲôţŸոձܾԼôԣ˭š
Цϲ㣬ϲ㡣ǿ
۾ȫԼӰӣģ˵ȫġ
ˮѸӿһڵϡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôãҲ֪ʲôӦ
һһж˲ʵ
Ҳ̫ˣԲ㻹Ըϲôʵ
ͷ㵽ӶҪϵһ
Ը⣬Ը⡣
ըһ̻ԽԽֹסѾȥˣرסҪȷһһʵ
ô
§ס϶ģȫġ
ΪʲôȻϲɻͲԾͷ
ΪʲôǰһܾһתôǲֻΪ˰Լ
ͷǸԲҵСˣԼ飬Ժ󲻻ˡ
ҡҡͷԼףһ㶼С
ֻǳһѣȫûйϵ
̫ˣֿǣôǰݺһȦһȦҺÿģôôġ
ûЦӣɵһҲ̲סЦ
ԭϲָоڵС˵￴ζûƮƶһĶܿƵؿϲ
ԼҲץסԼûмȴȥ
ĳ˺ܾãȵ΢һЩ˲ǣ֣Ӥһص
Ѿˣֻ᲻ȴһƵģ˫۾һֱۣһŲŲٴתͷȥлƲסɵЦ
Ҳе㺦ߣΪŪã̲סִ˴
ȻŻǰһô󲻹
ԹĿ㿴˵
תͷ貵ıʯҪʮͺܺÿڷһҫûŲߡ
ֹ
̲סһЩ
֮ľԽԽһ
һºܿ˿
ǰԴʱǴûΪڳ˵ģֻ׹Ķͷա
ɴ۾Ѿûٺˣתͷȥ
Ҳͦ˼ģӣɻƹȥȥһЦһ߿Ƶġ
ѹʱޣĵʱҲ̲סޣֱǸˮĿް
ֿɰġ
̲סʹסһͨôôɰ
Ĩϵᣬ·ֻص˴ǰɬСʵǣϲô
ϲȻϲˣеһҶϲ
תЦȢؼҵϱһɬЦҲϲ
֪Լԭϲһģÿÿ仰ܻȫû취תߣ˻ɵЦֻɵЦҪЦˡ
һκڣΪʲôû㷢Լ⡣
ôݵȥܾ
˿ŶԷ죬ԽԽҪѽԷ
̽ؽûԣϲ¶˸ЦݡСصͷѧҲϷɿһ£ϽŲҿ
úЦͷ˻ȥ
ϲظӣԴٴδչ
ڹʲôСʽǷ߽ڶԷϣôҲֲ
һֱ˺ܾãֱնϢ
㿪ϢֻȣǰϢ˼һֱǻظˣȸɵϰ죬Ϊǳˡ
أôͻȻˣҸոյô
ͷʪŴǵ
ôѾһˡ
ȣ


 48 

ô, ˵͹صնˡ
ʲôûֻǣ֣ӵſһ
ý, ʧõıʱڿڴĴġ
һ, һĸ첲ʲôӡ
ǰڳǰ, Ͳܴ, ڴ˺ܶ, ׽ľֻл
һرƤƤ
ָоĺܲһŸսӴͿʼ̰ˡ
شԼĴᣬܿġ
ڻûȫڰɣʡ
һ嶼һȻǶѾָ׶, ɵ׻ûȫ꣬ԼӦûһα仯һ֮󣬲Żڡ
һ֮󡣡
ʱԽԽ̣һ˵, Ҳ˵ڡ
ÿα仯Ĺ̺ͽһǰÿζôʹ࣬һλô˭Ҳ˵
, ᲻Σա
ͬʱҲЩڴĽǶ˵Լܼһ뵽Լ˾Ȼôͳ˲˼˷ܡ
ǵǳ׽ʱ᲻ᶯ̫󱻲
֮Ӧûºпܻᱻ֣ʱЩһ׷
뵽ˣٴα
ܵĲΪڲԼ뿪һЦݡ
ϧ˵ʱⲢûгܾþһαˡ
ȣڿǾ仰֮ͼֱӽ˷ˡ
ûԺӿˣֱŽݡ
һţһ۵ˡ
Ŀɿڴ죺㣬ǻһˣûƭң
ȴûɿ֣ǰ
ΪȻû뵽ŴȹЦҾ˵ôܲϲһ̽˰죬ոջϣôһˣǲǸоΣͻȻˣ
üЦ
ԭ˵Ҫżǹ⼤ģĲˣ˰ס
һ뵽е㲻˼
ǰ׵ʱûʲôڻŷԼΪжçײ
ͷһθףҲͷһϲһˣֻ򿴵ˣҲʲôˡ
ȿ˵飬ڳǶ˼̫Ե׽Էֻʱʱײһֺֿܿ
Լ˿϶Ӥһ
ѵϿֿҸ飬Ҳ
ȥΪΨһĺѣһֱԼˣסôΣյĵطߣܻᵣ᲻ͻȻʲô¡
˻λҲҪŲһŲˡ
ôõӣúúףһ£ʾӿһɫĺӵ˹ȥһǴϲһ𡣡
Цãû뵽̫ˡ
ɲһǿ϶õõʱ̫лҰаЦЦ
͵϶ôûڲ
ӹŽݣȳʱһɻ˵ôã޸ǰò̫һˣƺÿ˺ܶࡣ
ֹÿĪѹȸУԼۣҲо󾱺ëֱ
ϴμʱûô̶ۣ̼칦ʹ
֪ôͣ۾һתһ仰ѿڶǰ
ȣ
ͻȻһ˸ۣаɣ˵ʲôʲôɡ
˷۲裬ˮΧһ졣
ٰݱ˵ڼҿתʵ˸ûһۡ
Ҳæûʱ俴ŴͶӰԱ߲
ѡֳһȺԶձݡֲմ࣬ȿ²ĳȡ
רעĲɣ˵ַһһ𣬿ĻһۣҪԷۡ
Ҳ֪ôģһ𣬶˶ԷģˣȴôƵģһ붼벻ֻһʲôҲʲôȥ룬˼һԵˡ
ڲʲôˮ
ÿŵֻʱʱιˮϴε飬̹ȻˣҲι
򲻰ιȫȥ
ȱרעͶӰ˽ڳ˭˭˭һͷǵӣԴ˫Ŀ
ͲŰ
ҾҸˡ
£ôҪˣٶأ
ǲеôᡣ
ǸЦЦɿ˵㣺ô
ǳãϰ춼Цˣ׬ˣôȥĳп꣬㽫гС
ͦá
ȵⲻ䷽ˣӦٶʵġ
Ҳôһʿõֺ죬Ѿˡ
ҲӪĺá
ֱгϢȿͶӰǸ֪ɣȷ˳ıˣ˵Ҫĳʲô
˲׹Ҫʲô̲ס
ؿ
һ£ȴϢҵô
ûƵ˵ץ˼ʮˣƺǣڻҡҹǲҵˣÿô࣬˵Էˣ˭ɵ
ǵǿϧ
Ҳˣȿ֮󣬻䱾Ų顣Ҳûϵ˵ôĵˣ쿴ֻøЦ
Ⱥܿתƻ⣬ǵü
סֵģµġ
汻ԷҵˣҲƴȫסһһ
ûжʳܿͳŷ뿪ˡ
ģøϽȥҾˡ͵ǼǵòŶһҪӰѾ̳档
գʲô̵ġ
ͻȻص⣬͵һ
ϴǲ˵ɶ
е㡭
̬Ӧòǰɣ
ȻһͿе磬ȻһˣͿ϶ҪãҪЩ
ӲתȥĺɵЦЦݸɵЩ
иҪ㡣һص
ŪϵЦݣҲ֣ʲô⣿
ѵصǸᣬҲɣ
ıҲסˣһʱû˵
˿ŶԷĬеռء
˿ڿˮ˱飺Ҳǣ
΢ɲص˵ͷȷ𰸡
ס
ҪȻ̻ǲҪ˰ɣ
ѾΪһΣⷴӦ̲ס
ͷԼĽż㲻ϲҿԣеһ
һ飬Ͻµͷǧû˵ϲ
۾ʱ
ֲһ䣺Ҳû˵ϲ
ϷһٴȻ
ԼĶͷ֮㲻ִܸ£Ҳ룬֪ô
صͷ
ȻϲϴӦºֱеһġ
ԼϴתһᣬԺѾתͷ
ڲȥ⣬ҪԻ磬û꣬͵˵ҲʱѾܿԼأ
뷨ֱۣҾһʣûб˼Ҳиܸɴ֪ô
֪ġŴ֣µصһȢġ
Ƭ̣û뵽ͻȻ˵
һһ죬СʱѾ뵽ˡ
ôͻȻ˵
ЩɬԼ·ɫӵӺȻܺߣȴԾһЩصҪ㸺𡣡

㱻ôɰȵѪҲ֪Ǵѧģ̬Ⱥֵñ
ʹһڣãҵ㡣
ţҳꡣ
Ҫȵ꣬Ӧò̫ˡ
ûһһڴԼϽϽꡣ
ҲĪЩڴ
˶Ƭ̣Ųһ붼Цֽǣһ
ȥʲô
á
Ǹͦĺӣڲ֮ǰЩ̫õԤС
ȻһһѸƵİȫĳĳ͡Ա߻һԣһ£ȵ
¿ȫXͬXʱ󣬲ǳߴ粻ͻǵ̵壬⣬ȥʹš
û꣬ͺžһ¹ص˺ӡ
֪͵ûʲôö
Աߵգۣɬȴֺصû˵ꡣ
˹ӵײ
Źӣ¶˼ı顣
˯ֳ⡣
һֱǷֿ˯ģǰΪ˱ӣҲΪôԼֿ˯ˡ
ϴҪ˯ˣʼΪˡ
վڿֻǣһƽһһңڵҪֿʱҪ֣ͼĬؿԼǱȫڴͲ·ɿ־Ҫһ
ͻȻУѹܴ
컹Ǹ˯İɣ
û˵ȴɿ֣ͷվԭûƺǿˡ
תһͷͼʧӣĲ̣ǰһԼݡ
ˣޣ˯ɡ
һ۾аˮ
װļҲ̫ˡ
ִĶͷΣˣȥ·ù
Ѹٵܳȥܻǰûӣʱﱧһ·֪ĻΪҪ
ôô·𾪡
Ҫ˯£ʣµ·ᵽ¹һǣԺҪﳤ˯˼
ĿɿڴͻȻʵͦڵġ
ֺЦջʲôҲû˵һ·
һһ˶Щ˼
ԼıУֻ¶һ˫۾⶯ЩСʱ
ڸ̫ˣԭرĴ֮ԵЩӵˣ˵ȲԾͿһ
򲻸ȥСץסŲһ
¶ȿĹͣڸоȡ
СĶɴֱһѽȶȥֻ
ǰһ˯ʲôоΪԼҲûлˣû뵽ھʵˡ
ǰ˺ֻܶ࣬ԾЩģҲǼ⣬ȫ⣬ű޻
ر۾
Цĵ֪ôźá
һֱʧصķһʼ޷ָ
ŻˣֻһԶɿ
һһԶȵʽż
õδһҹ۵
ǲ˯Ǽ˯ţһۣһжĭһʧ
ǼٵģһҲǼٵġ
һ۾Ϳ˫ɫ۾Լһ
ʲôʱѵģһҹû˯
Լ֪ʲôʱſϣ˯ô̲ס˸йͷڿ졣
ûã뿴㡣˵ǻ𶯣Ȼеա
Ϲ˹ſߣԽÿͷһ£ȻЦеص簲ǡ
û̸֪֮ôദŶԣǸжɣȷԼ²˼Ҳ̫Ť
ںߣͲĵسеһ
Ȼ˵Ľȷʵ̫˵㣬һǱϾͷһʶ
ܱ׶ٴΣһԾɻ죬ͷ˿Ľɫƺ͸ŵ졣
Ц˳ͷԴһ̧Ҳ˹
簲ǡ
ѧӿɽ̡۾ޡ
̫ĳ֪ڿ佱ԼЦҲһЩһ죬ûֱ§˻
ڴ˺һ˲˴ʱѾƽҪܶˡ
Сһڵؿһ־ûӶԷ뿪
ϲָоһֱҸΧһ
¶ĸǰԼ˺ܾõ裬ҲԼĶǲΪͬ飬ǲֻΪʵ֤ǣָоƭ˱ƭԼȷʵϲϲ
̫һĶȫûоƵģŴ̫ڼҸĺӱɢ
ֻţƺ˼
ûʲôرĻҪ˵źˮĲݣߴǰˮ¡
Ǵλ£Լһ߲ˮߡ
ӻûȥҲ£Ͱİɡ
Ծɼ֣ſԼϱߡ
ȫ
ֲıָǰܡ
һԭֱӷԽݵأֱӷɵɭУɭϿ
𡣡
ͺѹȸУҲǴǰĺߺ
ɭʱһƬڣ֦Ҷζֶﶼ궯
·һһ·һתͷ˵ʱָֻɬǣǽʱ򣬿ô
͸֦Ҷ·ʼۼĶЩЦãȻ¡
ãôҶϲЦ
ĵɭ˼Ȧ
ӸһĵһѾʼй滮˽ͻϸڡ
ûκܣı켣
һӣҲΨſԡ


 49 

ʱ, ֪ڰǿУǲԶ֮⣬һҾ޴ķɴѾڴ˴ת˶ա
ҷɴͷŶ͸¶һɻϢ, ֵصһ޴αǣҷɴ塣
ɴҲȷʵһ, ӣӱȳ˹, Ҳĵܵܡ
֮ǰ, ȳѺǰһƬĻ, ǰе·ϣ׼ᣬ룬ֱӴӷɴ˳ȥ
ּܼСʱһûгʵ΢ֲʮӾͻϢ
ȳڷȻ룬һӦŭѰãǵ, ΢ġ
ۿϢһƬըʧ
ªĹϵ, Ҳ
ȻҪĹصĴͳڴ֮С
ȳһ΢Цؿһ, û˿ҪԮ˼
ظѾˣ۵Ѿʧ
ҲΪˣǼ֮ǰϢȴٴγ֣·ǳ΢Ҳ˵ŵʵ
µıȳٴ˳
˿һվڷɴϣĻǿɫӵ
ܲѾȫָֻҪ˽ȥͻըֱȫɱΪֹ
ޣץסһҪ˺룡
࣬ȳǸӢˣŹıʯŻɫͷ°ʱʱֻ̧̿۽ǿˣ߹ͬʱҲ͸¶һӸ߰
ϸüۣЩ֮ܿԵϵ
ã´˷ɴţŷɴǷ
һβһҴȴʼûףһ·˳ؽӽǲ˳䡣
ɢȥҡ
߰˸˿ٵɢܿʧ
ȳն˵ͼ۾ԼĳУĿ¶سŷǰȥ
ͻȻֵˣһ֪
̧ͷһۣĪ˼ֲ
ս֣üͷ
ôˣڿʲôʡ
̧ͷȥƶ޻һסտɫգԶԶؿǷƲӹƴһĺۼ
ҡҡͷѹĵ׵ĲƣҪˡ
ǰеƣ꣬ȥԺ·һ¡
ҲѸٸϣһͬһ·һͬݣ·Ž¹
Һ·֮˺˷˵صӲֳˣ΢һº㿪ʼѧϰſһֱȥɢɢ
˶һЩ֮⣬ûʲôҲûʲôǵǰһ򵥵ͨͨ
򣬶ޱ㡣
ֻ򻹵յ£ҲʽһĵһҪӣһ
ϴѺעһ춼ûнǣһҪҪʮҪȥѺһע
ӣջʮ죬ٵʮٽǡ
һֱ˯һҪȥе鷳ˡ
̲סôַˣʲô
ˡ̲ס
ͷʮ졣
ǰôģĵƵҲյĳǶֻ̣ܶܿó˲ٺóԵģûô
⣬ʵ˵ĸǰǰ󣿡
£ʣǰôģﲻһô
û˵Լȥ£岻˵ȻǺѣվЩ䱸ģҲûô˵񶼲֪ǴԽģֻΪǱʲôȦĳӳˣԲŲʶҲ˵˵ôء
֪ǵûô͹͵Բġ
ֻܾһ¶
հҪյ⣬ո裬Ըѿĳһٺõģͳף
ҲΪҽԺÿʱҽԺĵΪ׼һС⣬ҽԱһո衣
ÿնϣԼһܺ
Ҳ긴һյԸжϲԣԸһʵԸ
ս֣˼صͷҲе⣬൱óԣϾ˲٣ûֶҲ̫ʲôո裬Ҳ֪ô
˵귴ʵʲôʱ򣿡
һҡͷǵˣֻǵĳһ꣬һˣҲǺȵʱɡòƿЦصҲܸͬһҲ˵
û˸գĲǵˡ
ЩۣǾͺһɣÿһ꣬Ƕһա
סˣһ𣿡
ǰͶͬһ죬ǿһףף
ؿͷãǾͬһ졣
һһʢĵĶʮ
μ˹ͬգÿһ죬ǶҪһһף
ʱţգۼС¹ȥԽԽ
һ֮;Ӻ˺ܶ࣬Ծһûˣʲôûֻǿһ˵˻Ự۶ѡ
ҪİȫҲҪƣãԼ࣬һ⣬ˣǰ˲٣ȵе죬Ҳûиоȡ
Ϊй˹ȥϴµسȫһְ
ѧϰܿ죬ɻǰһæµһҲŪʲôɡֻҪվһָͺˡ
˯նѧϰһᣬſžͻ˯Դϣǹء
ͷۣде㲻̫׼־䣬ѧϰɹ֮ǰнѾʶ󲿷־ӣд򵥵ˡ
Сؽ˯ŵ˱ɵЩ
Ժһ£ֱĲӣһ°ϡ
˵һƵͬ̾Ϣһ
ջ죬ҲʼΪǵ׼ҲøϽ׼
գҹȥһˣҹҵҲţõǮȥСʱܻ
ֻ뵽ҪֿѣѾʼ᲻ˡ
ֽһЩ׵ǣֵһᣬһֱ˯ʱڲŻſ
ûѣס˱ӡ
ŵߵűߣҪȥʱֻͷһۡ
֪ΪʲôַǳǿҵĲᣬͺ񣬾ͺһദһ
оŲ뿪ˡ
ֻصߣſǰ濴˻
Σغ֡
ס֣ӦڡӦһ£ңҺܿ
˵תͷ˳ȥ
ΪٶȱϴλҪ켸֣αװǡ
Ϊ˰ȫϳܼοͣвͳһװĳ
ƹЩ߽˵ֳʱ䣬ڵһûпʼÿ죬ҲҪСʱܻȥ
Ծǰһ֣ΧͨҲοͣʱд
棬Ҳ˲ĴѲıܵĺϣÿ˽ȥʱҪɨ
ſһᣬֻͨ飬ЩҲûг߶࿴һۡ
ţʮûƺ˺ܶࡣ
վڽն˲£ûдϿʲôֻڱһЩϢ鿴˵ЩǵĴۿĺϣΪ󣬽ϲκִŹץֱӽҪһʷҲ˵ǱǵģܹǳﲻĴͶˡ
ʲôﶼģȷûֱ˽ȥ
һӾҪʼˣںŲ۵λ¡
ǰĹŽĲߣҪ֧˭ҪѺע˭Ļ
һᣬַն
֪˯ôԼڻ᲻ͻȻصȥ
뵽ĨЦ
ڿˣǰչҪѺעһǰˣҪѺʤ߼ʺСҲ̼
߰ɨȥţѺʮ
һҲûע̫࣬һγͷοҲֻҪʮѡ
ʽʼ泡̨һֱӵϯйȫС
ȫƴȫҪɱԷѾʼź
ſţͻȻһͷϯ
λкܶᣬ۸ܶ࣬ǲǮֲԸⱩ¶ݵá
ոһ̣оڿԼ߷ǳԡԼȥʱֲˡ
ʱһֱʲôõҪǴǰܷʲôõνΪѾϰӭӲҺʹࡣ
ڲһְֻܸȵȥʲôҪҲû뿪ǣǰܹһжԵʲôû
ͬҵ
һ뵽иֿĿܣδֵĽâٴδǵûгֹ
򽹼ؿ޲Գֽ
ҵȣڵȵֻʣˣһѺעѡ֡
ƾдݱڵĺ򶨵ԭأԼ뿪ʱ䡣
ڣһ˵ȥس֡
˻ĽһƬתҪߡ
Ȼڴʱ泡ͻȻʧ̨ϵѡҲʧˡһ췢˴´󺺴ӰѸŵطɵ̨ϣͷվм䣬ſ죬ûнκ豸ȴڡ
˵ҵˡ
Ҫߵһ˲䣬ֻüһƬҲҪơ
Ļˡ
ͷ̨ϣһżȿȴ˼
ǰŸտʱβͶһ޲һ
սȭͷ
һΣ۸ˡȫ꣬Ѿ˿Է
ȳµͻȻ֣óڵĹڳɻ󣬲˭ʲôΪŵ⻷ڡ
ĳƣټǹɹڶ޵ʵѹƣøոջ벻ѵĹǲ
ȳ˹ش̨һ򿿽
ѾжʱˣҪôĵطҸһ㣬ֻܲ˻źʹ·λֱȷλá
ȳְҰ򣬺ªǣһ̶ܲˡ
˵¼Ҳŭֻ֮侲һ߹ȥҲ߳һȤ
Ǻκһ򶼲һȷʵҰǲࡣ
ȳбӣҪװɸŵӣȫͷԼıһܱ˿׷Ȥ
缸ǰ˿ȳǣҸܵϢûȥңһֱȵ
죬ˡ
û뵽ﾹȻˡȳߵ򼸲ԶĵطЩؿ
֮ԱйһԭΪôҲ޷ΪǻȱݣֲȱݣƺӵһѪ
ǵĸ˹Ϊĸ׳˹죬ŭɱ
򲢲̫Щٳ޷꣬Ҳġ
ȳ濴˿ЩüǹҲô󡣡
Сʱһܽȫ̹ȻˣҶԴ޶ԡ
ΪôҲ⡣
ɫؿűȳ̧õͷϵαװ
ڽɫͷϵĽ¶ǰżȳµӣҪۺÿ򻹸ʤһֻ໹͸ż˵ûбȳȴҫ۶Ŀ
ȳŤһ˲õŭӿ͵ǰҪߵڵء
ܵٶȸ죬ȳһ˿ա
㾹ȻҶ㣡ǰôߴ޶ԣȻҶ㡣
ȳԼܵƣԽ
Ա߹ںܶ࣬ϯλޣ˺ܿŲ̨ϡ
ܿйΪ˼ź˭ҲûĹⰲš
ͻȻҲЩ㵣ȴǵؽش򿪵󣬲ʱ̡
ӿȳһ֪ˣҪôǴԼߣҪôɱԼ
һУ뿪Ҳܶһˡ
ԣֻнȳ
нâܿ쳹ױɽɫñޱȣɱ֮
ҲӸոյĶܱ
һȫԸԼ֪Լʵжǿ
ԭȳӦԣ;ѹԽԽ򼸺ǲҪڴÿһ¶˼£Сıצץֱۣûץ˿ڣеۡ
һñȳ׷ŭ
履ŭϵĺ𣬸ոջΧۺϷйȫһ˲סˣ̶Ǻ£˲ܿƵȷſڵϡ
λ߾ԵѹȣǺµ˼¡
Ϳ˳Ų·طӿûãͿ
ǵ£¿ռܴȫ֧ŶԭΣȳת˾ɫľ޶Ŀǿ󣬾޴ĳȿצӳץȥ
ٺˣҲԭΡ
ȳԭһ£طЦ
⸱ĵӣ嶪ˡϣץס
һ£˲ΣΧ˹
˲壬϶ٶһЩʵҲͨҪǿܶࡣ
ЩЩصĴ֣ʵǿзԡ
һԲȥײô׼˶ں󷽵ıȳԴצβͣõĵطȫڹһ㶼ۣ㱻ץƬҲû˿о
ѪڵϣɢŨҵζ
ȳʵǲƽû˭ս壬̫ãû蹷һ˹Ϻܿ챻ץ˲Ƭ
ԵģѾ˺ۡԾɵһ˫׺ݵس
򣬱ȳͻȻеˡ
򺰳ٶ֣ҾɱǸŮˣ
й˲ͣס


 50 

ڰҹʱͻȻѵ, ͷ򲻼ˡ
Ҳǵһηҹʧ΢Щȴû̫, ֻΪϴһ˯š
´, ȥڿ˿û˺ſԺ
Ȼûҵ, ڼ, ҲڼҸ
Щ, ҹĻȥģѵ֮ǰһ͵͵ˣԼΪʲô
ʱûи˽һжƽ˾ģӦûʲôҪȥ
ԺȦնˣҪһ
ɾսն˴򿪻ûеȥʱԶͻȻһҷ
Ѹٿ¡
䱸ؿʼˡ
ΪʱзϿշɹ, ûκһһ£һҺǳġ
ҹϮľٴγԺ˸ͨѶû˽ҲûзӦ
ǱµķŴ, һµ˴ٶȼ죬ǻһ, Ƭ̾͵ǰ
˭ʲô
û˻ش⣬ĳһֱ֣ͬץסĸ첲˷
װãƽնܺõװʱȴȫʧȥ˷Ӧû˿ô
ǻˣܿ췢֣˵̫װøûκӰ졣
һĳ׳ȥҲʧȥ˷
ѵǿˣߣϴɱ˵ͬ飿
һ׶༪ˡ
ԼˣἱʲôӣûԼ᲻ֱشǰӣ
ȥЩλ޷ԵһԲһһ㡣
תϸ۲ǣܿ췢ϵĲ֮ͬûκζﻯҲкܴͬҪǣһɺܵζ
ζ൱Ϥϸã͵صɴ۾
ǿˮζһһ㣬Ŀˮζ
ԭǾǣ塣
ˡ
첢ûбϣŴѵص壿
ԭû˿Ӧڲͷһۣ൱ƣΪĳЩԭ򣬿һҪֱšĲˡ
Ȼû˻ش𣬿ӦѾȷˣǾ塣
֮ԻץԼܿǸйء
ĸշ¾ֱ߸
ˣᱻȥôЩ쵰úöȥĥ
һ뵽ЩһŭðЩץԼΪв
ԸԼ£ҲԸ򱻴ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬գۼ͵˿ȳ⡣
ûڳͣ£һ·ɵ˳ɵ˵ϿյĽϡ
ʱѾűȳ뿪˵վڸ߸ߵݶϡ
ʱһ۾Ϳ˻ɫߵֻѹţˣƬ¶Ѫģĵط
һ·û¶κξڿģ˲ӿ˳
Щ쵰ſ
ӱȳ˵ֵ˲۾ȼ棬ۣٶ˶û⣬Уֻܳһ¡
Ǳȳһ仰ǿ侲
㻹벻ˣȳص
˺һɱ㡣һһٵص˫ŭĽɫ۾ޱȵ
ȳغһٴθоľС
ȷӦʹһţǸͼĹѣΪʲôҪ¡
ڿ˲䣬һֱûʲôӦ̧ͷнâһ㣬촽⶯ȴûл³
ô۲ۣ
ȫֹסԼᣬ۵Ҫը
վԱߵֻɫͷһ˳һˡ
Щ쵰˵ú
άԼӣѹʱȴǳЦ
ıȳ߸ϣߵĶ̧ţû⻹ǵһ
ؿ򣺡û뵽ȻϲֹȻطˣҲֻһˡ
ûʲôӦһԵݺݳһڣʲôƨ壬ĵҲԳ壬ҲվӿԼʲôӣ˵ˡ
רעĿǵһΣҲΨһһ˸ͼ
Ļỵ̲̄ˣһһͳǰצ͵سһץ
˲Ͳ˼˺ۣ˼ɼǡ
ƾҲ̸壿ȳһ߸ϵģ
ۣѪܿȾ·۵ûһ飬ȴҧǿûк
̫ˣǶڱϣ۵
Ѫ˲䣬ողſסԼ򳹵׷ˡ
һָͷĵˡ
͵Ʈĺ޷Զ
ʵڿȳһ۵ʱ͸оԼЩ̫ˣּҪ׳֡
µĹͷѪƤƬʱʱ̱̿ǧֹؼʱʧȥǺʶһֱǿ̣ǿԼ侲ѡ
ֱһ̣ڿ˵һ̣̲ס˳ױ
ңҪ㣬
һһ䣬飬
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ԭֻ΢Щɱε飬Ӳ·һ
ֻһɫƬҲʼѸȾ˵ĺɫܿȫ
޷ǣβڷ仯צ۶³צݺ⡣
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ÿȳһ֣Ͳһֱ仯ƶһ֣ȵֻһԶʱһֻ仯ȫĽɫǰ
޳ͬĵʦ̳Ʒ¶ϺǿϢɫâںҹз·̫һĿֻһ۾鲻ԽҪݳ
𣡡
ǿ쳹ʣþòɢඥ
ԭֵĳһ˲ͻȻ·˰ͣһ㡣
ֵŴͷȫſ˵ϡ
ʱ˿̣ھ׶ǣԭһְĹڣȫܵһĲ
̸Ц˹͵شλվһ𾪵ؿʡ
૵ôȻ
˵һҰܵ
ĳЩȴ𾪹ȴ͵ػ
Ѿʧ˼ǧϢڳˡ
һ߿ȳУűȳʵʵĮֱֱ
ǰоľ¸ٴϮȳ˫ڷ嶼ڶôŲһֱڿ뷨ҪֻĽ¡
һκ˺Ϳֻţվûеֿסѹȫſ
ĵؽڵϣŵص۾
ָоôᡣ
ôܵѹȣѹȸбǸ׸
Ǹͼֶѡ
촽쳣ѵؿ˿ڣȴԾвңҾɱ
ޱ̧צ˫˵צ˲أȳࡣ
ȳʹĺڵϴ
ٴצֱӽĳ۶ϣһΣָŵȴǱȳԴ
Ķɱġ
ʼֱ仯˲;ˣôû뵽Ȼʱʼ
ۿһǰ㵹ޱȵԺͼͬʱּһЩۡ
ˣһֱڲԾزȴѹȥûзһʹ࣬˭һһȴǰҪʹʮٱÿһ缡ͷĸо붼û
һ֮˶ſȥȴûиϵ˿ѹȸУˣȴΨ
Ʋס䣬ۿҪɱȳԥƬ̣Ǻ
򡣡
£צȴһᶨȥ
ȳڵȫûϢ۾ֱ㶵ؿգźǿҲʡ
Ҳĵģ˿̵ֻô
ɱ֮нâûȥЩ̫һֱԴ
˫ֱţȴɻļ˻ſڵû
ǰ򡣡
û뵽򲻽ûпƮԶһЩ
Щ㵣õôҿòã
Ӧȫ˳ڣϵҲڽ֮ȫʧˡ
СͼƵ棬ǵܵצ·ʱȴٴηһЩ
ԭزˣüʡ㵽ôˣﲻô
ÿν֮ҪܾòȫһνٶȱǰζҪ죬ԻŶԡ
ԾûҲûпŶһȦСŤһ󣬻˼Σ
ĵУȴֻܸɿźް취
ڿŤһᣬƽˣһ˦βƵߣϰӣסԼϡ
֮󣬽ɫһתٶȼسҵķȥ
ſʹס壬µĸоޡ
ͻȻڣǶ޷һˡ
ڻôôôͻȻ
Ծûлش𣬷·ĺ«һĬؽ˼ҡ
ȵ֮󣬽СĵؽԺڿˡ
˫ɫ۾˸ָӵһһĮƺһ㡣
üܾ˵ĸоܲԾ
ƺǷռϷ磬ϵˣԴչͷ˿
ǰҪһҹŻã˿ڵѪۺܿڿˮ±ǳֻʣǳǳİ̡
۾ûվȡ
˿֮ԴݣЩֱ
ĵؽݣ߽ȥ֮һԾ𣬾ٴʧǰ
򣡡͵سȥ󺰣ɿʧˡ
ʼû˵κһ仰
ǼˣҲȥ˯ԺȥͨѶԾɲͨҲû˽ӡ
ڵûкܾã»ˣٴγʱצһ
һǸװܺõĺӣӡϤͼе졣
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㵽ﲻ
ڱס˲;ֿ˦Դֱӽ˦˳ȥ˸˦ȥָֻٴǰ֮ǰסˡ
δվãкܴ⣬Ҳòش
֮򲻸ٿȥ޴ײǽײ˼ѣֻĸƵһȫҶ
ʹڵϹԴײ棬ǰʱҪܡ
ûժĴȫ˸ɾ
ײһٴһЩſڵϣɫԻָһЩɫʹֲؿ
ɳƵһĻ˵ֻܶ϶صңҪ뿪Բ𣬲ܣա
ǰǰסΪʲôôͻȻҪֿ
ҪȥģΪʲô
ҿƲסԼкܶණܶණԴʹұûĹأܣС
˵һַ֮鴤Ʒڵأ䷳ٴǰͼҪס
Ѿʼˡ
ңһᣬȢ㡣
߾ȫԼצԼӲǿٵһССƬƬƵġ
Ƭ䵽еɲǣ͵طԾգɫӰںҹԽԽԶձһССĹ㣬ʧˡ
ֱӷɳǣ޼ɵشΧ鲼һ·ȥ
ԭء
˴һ뿪ʱֻʣԼǲӦڣҲӦô죬ȫûκ׼
컹ۻ£ҹſ˯ֻʣһˡ
ƬƵ˼ĵӿ𡣲ŷֱӶѣѾû취ˡ
лҪѹޡ
֪ʲôʱһ컹һꣿ
Զָô죿
ԭֱĸоôܣһֱԺ˺ܾúܾãõ֪ʱ
̫ûһܲƵͬһ
ã۾ȫɬޱȵ۾ӵҲȫˣ¶ǳܡ
Ҳû˻ںסˡ
ԺһƬǽ壬ϵǱײӣ뿪󣬼ֻĸָ񣬿ؽԺﵽʳ
һԵĺӼ򿪣ŷ֣ԭһװãҲǿʱ̫û
ԭ͵͵ǮôԼ
ԭһֱǵ
ҪЦǸո̲סźӱ߿ޱЦ
ǰûô޵ģɴʶ֮Ѿ֪޹ٴˡ
볰ЦԼȻ
ݣϵѵ͵Ƭ߲ã˲Ŀڵλá
֪ϵۣմȾϢһֱػٲ޸ҿ
ȻŲȴЩ
źȥϴϴ˰Լһ£͸ܿϵѾȫˣһ̺۶û¡
Ȼȴǰøˡ
֪ڵʲô֪֮٣⣬ʲô⡣
ôȥЩ˻۸ô֢״ܵõô
Ѿȫ꣬˵ҪȥĹѣҲ֮ø
Ҳܻܿˡ
뵽ˣ΢һЩ
˵ֻҪﰲĵͺˡ
һġ
š


 51 

, ڿȳʵ˲С𶯡
ô꣬˼ʹˣû˼塣
ܼû, 󲿷˶嶼Թغܲ
Ϊľ޷뿪, ֻ
ڼ󣬼˵Թʧ, ֻʣ𺳺ͳ
ָо޷˵, ֱ, һԻоս
ֵϢѹ˱ն˸ŵҲȫӰ
ҲɻΪʲôֵطΪʲôֻһֱпò̫һ
ʱȳҲΣɱ֮ʬͱǼû鷳, 뿪Ҳűȳʬһͬ뿪ˡ˱ﲢûд
¿ĸۣʱ򣬽, к̼ܶҶĵӰ
ͼӣֽԺ
Ǽҵ, ֮ôÿ
úﻮһһ뿪ĵһ졣
ģȴûԼڱ֮û˰æˣкܶҪ
ȻĴҪȫε֣ҲҪǽͼȦ
ԼͶæµУʲôȥ롣
ǳãԴ㣬ʱܷȥ֦ͻʱ򶼲Ҫõ壬Լܿ
֦ʱ򣬴ҺС֪ʲôʱ˹ڣֻҲ˲٣ǰֻԶԶھſھԶĵطߵĸģڱһ
ڶһ㶼£ȥ˰Сë
ëȥִӲӲġ
Сſڵ࣬¶˶Ƥ
ԱߵĴ࣬Сſȥʱ̽Դ˶ıƺǾ̫ˡ
ԺãҲҵͷ
ֻţҲûôµˡ
Ȼ֪뿪£żᷢϢѯ˽չΣû͵
¹óֺŲλãƺó㶣˲׿͵͵
¶ЦǰΪһûãûг׳꣬е㺦ֹӵǣκιΪû֣û뵽Ȼ͵͵Щ
Ҳǲһ¡
뵽Щ˼ˣϽ˽ȥ
Ϣʱһ£뿪Ϣߵȡֻ˵»ؼңʱڣû˵ġ
Ͼ˵ʲôʱͻҲס
һ˵٣ˡ
ǲǲŸһûãôˣȥģ㻹ʲôҪôȥΪʲôһУҲ̫ҳ˰ɣ
ۼȾҪбǩϽ͵ǣ£ܿͻġ
ڣԼסΣ壬Ҫȥסɣƽջڳ䡣֪ôﾹȻ壬һǵһμʵ̫ˡ
ϵЦݻʧͷһˣȷʵ𺳡ҾͲȥˣͦȫģвзҲ㡣
ûм֣ˣǰһȷʵôΣˡ
У¸˵ίҲǵøңҰС
Цõصͷﷴһ䣬ŲС
û˱ˡ
Ȼ˸ˣӦ˺ܾãȷ뿪Ǻն˻ܲܽյϢҲȷն˻ڲڡ
ÿر˼ʱʹնˣͷ׼ԼװڸƵȻµһ߸ɻһ߶˵
ȥƵû˻أȫں
֪䣬Ѿ뿪죬ܿ쵽Լ졣
صؽ˸⣬һòˡ
ûʱᷢĸз紵ͻ䰵
ĸдֱͣڵࡣ
Ƶװһһ˻ضžͷԸո衣
ʽڵӣٲգҲĳҸ׼ʲôҪܣʱٿ
˵Žپͷǰ˻Σ¡
˵⣬һһ顣
ԭĵôóԣһҲԵˡ
һֱֵֺܿĵӣȵͷصϵЦ˲ʧĸĵƹһӲȫˣеʡ
ĬĬʰ׼պãɾɾڸϢһ仰
Һ㰡
˻Ӧ
ıβĹھִĻҲ±档
űĻӿοҲʼ뿪鶼Ǹַĺۼһ춼˸ͣ
ڹھĻҲֻ˼ѣȶȾʧˡ
ÿһ춼µ鷢ļǺܶݵģȥľ͹ȥˣҲ
ȳ»ָƽͿĨʰ쵵ĽֵǽԾӵȺʧܲյĸͶӰҲʧ
ȥȻȥӰȴһֱڳûʧ
ļ棬¶Ƚԭ̵ҶҲʼתơ
˸µĴʳ񣬽˸ʳ
ĸµĵµСڼȦһһȺ쿩ͣ
ҺСʱſڼȦ߿ǻֱˮ
ĸŵڳ򣬾ԽǽСӣɵ˶԰Ĳݵϡ
ݵطïĸǷ´½һ㣬ڲݵԾٳٲϻؼңֻȥΧ׷½أ˺һ󹦷Ž
֮ÿ죬ĸǶʦͨطɳȦȥݵʳ
ҺСҲʼӦԼǵݣڰʱֽǸϻ
ϵִһʮʮһ١
ݵؿݻһƬԽԽ䣬ԾûҪļ
ҲƷζôǧٱ飬ҪַҪϼҰһ١
ЦʲôϼңϣûˡļңǶ޷
ܿ٣һƬס
Ķƺ궼Ҫܶ࣬¼¶ȿܸߣҲܾú̹̲ס
ǰһʱʱ̿ˣÿ¶ҪǸԶ˻ظնˣҲϣл졣
ȵ̫ˣϣȵ
ʼȷ򻹻лһôʲô޷£ΣգߣҲˡ
Ķû֮ǰһ
Ķһ꼾
ǰĺٴλؿʼݶû©ˮĵǣĿĵնϵϢ
ôõŬѧϰѾĶ󲿷ˣҪʲô
ضȥڸڳп˼ҷֵ꣬ڵ濪һҪȥһͬȥɢġ
ԺܾǰԼ˵ҪһǣȥĳƻȫǳҲû
ɢԺͻأĻ䣬ȷ˸֡
ۣ㾹Ȼͬˣãʰһ£˷ܵص
ֻεĳУԾûлʵˡ
Ӧ֮ʰ˵Ʒڷϣ¼š
ţǸ˹̶˾ûնͻȻһ¡
ʼΪʲô˵Ҳûϸ㿪һôˡ
Ȼͷ֣ⲻȲǰҲκϵˡ
һ꣬ûκλظҲûκζ
ԼƵ롣
һ´ӵվǰˮڵû⣬ˣ˶ڲ
򣡣
Ƶ滺ǰչƺе㿨٣Ҳߣú
ãһӰǰ
ǸӢֻݵˡһͷӲӵͷͷһ˿Ժ¶Ķͷ
üɶ칤Ҳһ˿ĵط·ϵĵĵһ㣬ֻһۣ;޵Ϣһֶ˵
ΪʱѾĿѣˣû뵽ܺÿز
Żޱȵ·ϴ鱦ڡӺݻ쳣Ҳ˿ۡ
һûϳ˭Ҳ̫ϡֱ̫ãѾǿҵİС
վ˼ռϷ磬ȫ಻סĵ׵ļ˼֮顣
һ֪꣬Լôģÿһÿһ붼˼尾
㣬ôѾôģʲôʱܻ
˵ɳڵÿֶ
ס۵ҪᣬŬԼƽʵ
Ǳߵһʱûлشƺһ㣬ɫ纣飬ȴҲһ˿顣
ҲоЩԵĵز
ôˣôôңʡ
̫侲һ㶼ûòļ˼ǰʱǱͰ⣬޲ʱʱ̿ϡ
ڣԼİˡ
򿪿ˣȴǰһЩȴҲöҽޡ˹ء
㵣ʲôش𣬿֪ʵ
ԽޣҲϲǸƺ
סˣһ仰˵
䵭ؼлңҽڣҴӦҪȢ㣬һȥǽ׶ǣ׼
ҪȢ˼񣬶оǰ˲ǳϲȢͷ·ֻǸ޹ؽҪİˣҪȢҲֻΪʲôŵ
ԲҲԲ˵
㲻˭ʵôˣ
ǱߵޱҪҶͨѶôʺüͷ¡
ޣɣҾҡ
㲻ǣ˵ҲԼ֣ôҺޡ
֪м便ʲô£ԲҲܡ仯̫ˣȫ˸һ
޿ֱ˵ɫͣһµȥҪҲ֡
˵ȥҪֻһ仰ȫ̷˵йȥ
ҪЦˣѵĸҲҪô
Ծûʲô飬ֻǵؿʼնû̫󲨶˵ҺܸмһᰴԼȢ㣬Ϊ󡣡
мֻǸмѡ
һ겻ôͱ
ããصλϣһ仰˵
ôã͵仰
ⲻˣûˣʧˡ
ĽһûκѶҪ°ٱǧ
˵ǱߺܹϵعҶͨѶ
յǰ滹ͣڸոͨûʮӵͨϡ
ֱԼ
꼾İԾɺ䣬о¡ʱڶҪ̹ǣ̲ס
ãе֣ոյͨ¼ɾˡ
͵ʲôûһжû
ɾ֮ٿնˣָƽһԷ˯ú
һ磬ȾͷͨѶˣҪڿȳϣҪȥ
ʰһУڰҹͣˣ컹ģѾպࡣ
ļֻǿţȥҲʲô£ܷġ
ҺСкһͿ˷
ûܲƲУͻȻѹһҾ޴ķɴ
ҷɴ֮󣬳󣬼ǵصģ߽硣
ɴͷϿգ㵵̽ͷȥַɴƺǳԼġ
ȻûãɴͣԶɴһŴ󿪣ֻһһŮӷɴϷ
һ˵Ҫȥ׶ǣԭģˡ
Ǵǰл뿪ǣʮԸ⣬ȴͻȻĻ
ȥһѾԼûκθദôԸ˾ʹ
ƺºҲûΣǳߵͺһ
˿־壬Ȼֻޱؿţû˿о
ָĿڵۣӷ£ȥ
˿Ӱ죬ЩźرΡ
ĸվǰ̬ЩӸζޣƺܲͬӡ
˵˵
ˣ
ϢŨ
Ҳûʲôر֮СԶˡ
ʲô壬ôԭΣ
ܲκвӦûʲôĵ͵塣
ȻǾͿһ㣬𵢸ʱˡ
̸ԼЩ˵Ըͨеֲֻ̫߰˳ɡ
ƺϵ۹
ѹıôѹǽԼӹȥǻ
ڵĲ̫ˣֻǸİƫһ磬ֻб˴˵ļԳΪӵٻûκȤ
ԼԼδҪԼٲκΡ
ʹ˷ֱҲãĳطԼǰһ
˿˴ߴϷɴ뿪ʱƽؿ˿ڡ
ǸҲȥʲôͷǿһˣȥɡ
˵ҪתͷȥѾڴˡ
˱ΪҪȥӦ֮ûģȴôû뵽Ȼܾ
Ӣǿ˭ֻܾܾҪһڣͻ˷ӵĽ¡
Ȼܾˣ֪Լ˵ʲôô
Щˣ֪֪Լܾʲô
ĵһˣҲջȥˡ
ͣסŲᶨص˵ĺҲ飬ҲΪǻȥɣԺҪˡ
ļˣΨһŮ˳˼£ͬûԤϵģôȥҲû
֪ȢΪ˱ֹһ취ԸѡķʽǾͽԴϲˡ
˵һҪ飬бҪôֻҪǶ㣬뿪ǲʺ档
ס˽Ų
ѾٻˣҲûҪټȥطл䣬Żһӡ
һܺúÿ磬Ǿ̫źˡ
תͷ¶һͷ
á


 52 

Ȼͷ, ȻҪͬ⡣
˵ܹش˸޵ͨѶֱģ, ٴǱתȥ
ڼ䣬վһߵһ, ̻Իݻҫ۵Ϲۡ
ƺæһŽͨ, ͨʱԱӶڰ·, ſ˫, ޱ飬ȴһʡ
񣬾ɱǸȳһ
ԭӦˣڣҲˡ
ѾȫˣҲ˿Ӱӡ
ҲԾɲףΪʲôͻȻ仯ôǰʸס
˵ǵԼ, ǼٵģѾˡ
Ҳȷʵǲˡ
Ů˵ͷܾԼҪʽ뷨˵˳
޴ֱۣ󣬷·һһ, ʵȷҪԼ
ġ۾ڷһ˿ͷȷ뿪Ǿ͹ˡ
üصԺ, ǷӴİ·㲻õһŵ㣬Ӱ
֪Ϊʲô˵仰ֻ֮оһͷڴʹ
ָ΢ܿ콫ָоѹĵס
ãԸֿһۺת⼸˵ٸһϷݣ㹻ԣǮȥĵط
ǵģ
ͨѶܿҶϣףӦһθ򣬲˵ˡ
ľ񱻵һڵѪֽճȭָУͷ͸ۼܡ
ǿסûԼǰ޳ҲûбֳκѹֻǴڴϢţҪ֮ˣƴӿмȡһ˿֧Լȥ
˹ҶͨѶ㿪ʼߴٵʰߡ
˵ҪߣһжҪʱҪ뿪ʱһͻȻҲû취ٸһͬˡ
˵ԵȣͲͨȵƵ
˺Ҿ޴ķɴ˲
ʲô˭Σգ
Ҿ޴ķɴ˸ߵĳ֣Ѿ˿ȳǳͳһʱ䳯߸Ϲ
ѾܶܶûɴˣϴѾˡ
ҡҡͷûйֻͣǵȣҪ뿪ˡ
ȵɴ۾һʱû˵ôôᣬģھߣ
ԣھҪˡǸôͻȻû취һȥȥҲûһˡǮ治ͨҲûʲôãȫˡУ뿪ϣܰտⴱӣдķĹżЩҲ鷳һ¡лᣬһٻġ
ǱѾ޵ñһһˣأôôͻȻ᲻㡣
գỨȻܼ࣬ȴܿģ߶ԶĵεΡ
ޣлģҪúչԼԺÿĵģ´μ棬ϣѾԼļͥˡ
ãҲǣһҪúõġҸչˣǸС
˵ָͰضֱϢ
нȦˣСҲҺС
꣬תʰ·ֳõƷ
ĹҳһӣȫǸСëһͷָס
ЩȫŽ˰ЩմϢĶΪο塣
֪ѾûκϣҲԾɲöĶΪ򲻽İˣԶļˡ
ʰӣʲôӣһϴʱıӶߡ
˵ȵЩͷߴ˼
Ϲĳһˣ˺Զĵطûб
ŽУ÷һ뿪ⷽࡣ
Ҫ뿪ôõĵط˭᲻ᣬͷɫݶɫǽڣֿԺûյˣĸԾڿţʲôֻ֪ڲԶҪ뿪ǰ
ǰڰִǻɭְɣҪˡ
ҺСͣԭأЩĿ
֣ǸǣǸط𣺡ټ
ŷһͬ˷ɴУ޴ķɴܿ뿪ǷΧ
ںУǵһγɴúģʵûκ˼ȥ棬˺Ͷδ֪δãȻûκȥΧһС
Ů˹һ䣺ҪȥĿ
ֻȻһֱӦò̧֣ǰ˲һƬǿͶӰһſƮ
Ŀǰϵпɾסǣ׶ǣ㶼ѡԽϵΧ羰ԽãɱԽ͡
ʾԣ߿Χ˵Ļʵǲпǻٰʲô򣿡
ǣ﷢չĲ羰ܺãͦʺȷȥǣ
ȷͷ߻͸ɴ档
Щ˰Чʺܸߣڻûеʱ򣬾Ѿʼ⣬ֱֲնоƬ
ֲоƬʱŮ˿ֱϵնֻЩĵصϾɵն޷Ծ绻
Ŵû˵еļ¼޷ʹãҲܶ
ն˼ŸϢϢǷǳ󷽵ظתǧ
ֺһ㣬˺þò
ֻҪӻǧ㹻ⱲӰǵعϸˡ
ɴٶȺܿ죬ûоȥãڹ㲥֪ͨѾ̫ոۡ
ȫİ
۾ޱȾ޴̫ոַۣɴŶӵȴ뿪ȺﲻĦࡣ
ȫͬص˵һܶװŹʵˣûκֹò塣
ͻȻЩӦЩŵظڼ󣬻С͵ķ
ɴĿĵǵĶǿǣ˽ڴ˵ȴʱһ򵼡
ǵѾɣﻹȥطԼǲҪ֪κﲻĵط㽫һв»صǡסѾûǣ
ޱصͷҪѣҼǵú
Ǿͺá
ǸˣΪ飬ȻݺȴҲʲôû˵
ҪﳤӻǶ̾ӣĵķۺܸߣǺֵãֺĵطҲ࡭
Էϲؽãܽһô
ԣïǱɽʱܰҲ˾ӣ໺ǵľֻСʱ
ȥɡ
ïǶˬ˼ԺӵĴӣٶƽʩȫװܰݺͣŷĳλ
еķ羰ܺãֵɾݿɫܶ࣬ǺᣬҲȣԶԶȥǻһ
ûżº󣬾£ԺӺ
Ѿ죬һ꣬ڵϢȴĽ
˵ԼǼٵģǻþ뿪ǣվһȫİĵط׹
ͬİ·ˣ֮ǰŬļǿʱȫ߽⡣
ôһӵʱҪȻӦȥ顣
û취ƭԼҲû취һѾԼˡ
˺ܾúܾã֪Ҳ޲ᣬڷǽϴ
ϴ軻·ͷûɢԺ
ͷѾ³ʡ
ƿţŵ·ǰߣ·е߸ࡣ˲̫죬ŵزŷЬɿ߻һЦ
ΪٰԵʣＸҼһֱи廨ŵĳ꣬󲿷ֳﶼÿɿɰԹɡ
ǳߴߴĽ
ǰߣһƬɳ̲һĴǳ̲ƯŸʻζ
ͻȻƽ
Ŀڵۣͦˡ
ææµµ¼ʰ˺ü죬ŬӦĸ豸ŴͰιӻֻ̨һǽڣ÷ݹܼҿƣ㵽ܰϵĵز
˺öЦΪ̫ܹܼҺüβ㱨
ûôҪԺӾ㿪ɲ԰ҲôҪԶ֣οĵزʺֲˡ
һʱе£ֻïй䣬˱ط飬˴󲿷ʳ
֮ڿǺܱ߳һ顣
ﲻǣ羰ĺÿж
йһ£ڿ˸ţص
ǮٶҲлĵһ죬Ҳ£һ濪Сꡣ
ضʱ뷨ˣֻǵʱԼûκʱͿɽֵط겻ʣͲһˡ
ʱйҲ΢˽һ˵ĿζΪֺܿŵԵʣǿζӣʲôʳﶼܽܣû⡣
ʲôߵֻ㿪±ζҪ棬Ҫ˿ãҲ̫¡
˵æµ׼һ£ִգװ޵棬׼ϺʳģֵζС˳ˡ
صعӶ˵ſڷַԳԣһһĻ
ïǲڶǣ࣬±ζⲻ̫ãҲ
ȥвٻͷ͹
ھϤкá
ģﱾοͣûˣĶչˡ
ʼ죬װ
ûԱֻһʦ˰æÿǰ̨ææµµŸֹ˿ͣûжʱȥ˭
ֻżʱԾɻѿڶһ򣬻ʱԾֶһݣȵԷʱŲԡ
ÿʱҡҡͷǷݵιܹСǡ
ﰲСӣʱǺܶ׶ϡ
޽Ļ󣬻صϢĹ
Ŀϣɫͷɢϣ˶·ڷһһ˿覴õһ׼ܡ
齺ɫ˿֯͵ĲǶŸɫıʯ޴طݻ
Ƭ̣֪Ϊʲô޵ԺǸ
һ֮ѹ֮ʱԺоͲʱ˵ӰЦڿרעʱӣûκر𡣵֣ôѶѲ
üͷ΢΢ϸ˹ȥļ䡣
ؿԼӽǼһ濪ʼһֱ˷ֿһ̡
û©κϸڣԼʱĸ飬ദÿһĻĶûκһ˿
޲ԼЩûиоʲô⡣
򶼲֪ζʲô֮󣬱ܸҪصĹؽܴУѪʹ֪ʶ
ȻЩǧİ䣬ӴֱѹҺ͸飬ǰֻǸͨСʮҲûɳٳûȫ죬һһ̨ûκθĻ
侲ǣǿ󡣵ǻûбûи飬Ҳⲻ˸飬ֻǺ߼¡
Įޡ
ӵм䣬ǵǵһУȴҲΪ֮ĸֺˡ
¸ģһ״ֶڲ̰ɱȵ˺ԼҪȢؼҡ
Ȣ£ΪԸ㣬ʺλãŤת
ȻȴܾˣھòͬʱĪоӦôѡǺ
ǿһҪͬ⣬ǴӦҪ뿪ǣ㹻Ǯ
ĳŵͶһʹ޿Ƿ
ô֮ܶ޶ε㲻Ҳ᲻ôҲѲӰ졣
룬ָ̧ϵնˡ
⻹ʱ͸Ǹ뿪Ǻն˾ûʲôôˣҲ޷硣
ϴΪܸͨһ¡
նˣǧϢ¼ȫġ
Ӹֿÿһ죬ϸؽ췢·СС޾ϸͷ·˻Ӧʱһ
޻˺ܳʱ䣬ӵһʼ˷Ƶ
տʼǼ죬۾ǺģÿԾͷʱ¶Цһᣬ˵޹ؽҪС¡
Ĳˣĸ˼˵صӲݿ˻ֻëе󣬺
ûʲôص㣬ȴ֪ˣ߶ǳǳ·аĵ
ֱ̾Ϣ˵һ䣺Һ㰡
ħһ㣬ͻȻعĶһ¡
͵عصնˡ
Ǿ仰ȴԾڶϲͣص
޸о״̫ԣڵ˼άǣܻܱĶӰ죬޷ԼϾʱ㿪ǸϾɵնˡ
֮޹Ͻն˽Ϊܶס
Ȼ㿪һնˡ
ÿ˵Ϣ洢ڸնзоƬ洢Ӵϵն˷Ա֤ÿ˵˽
ⲻ
ײ鿴ÿ˵꾡ϣڲԷµĻ
ӵһƵ֮Ҳûйעˣֻ±ǰ
ڣԾնĻ
磬ã󲿷ھǰʱᱻζһ±±ˡ
ǰ˲̵Ķ顣
ÿ˿ͶЦسؽ㡣
æûʲôʱԷȵʱѾ˳Էĵ㡣
Ļ˳ʦֻʳ±ϣû趨æ
տʼ²û˰æ׼ãܾûĲû꣬Ǹζ֮͸ĳԼ¼һҲܳԵĿġ
ϹͣӪҵӣתȥ׼緹
ĶʳܼһһһЩˮ緹ˡ
ǽĳٹһ¾Ӵʼˣʱοһ࣬ïҲùӶֲС
һ߳һţʵڲоȥ͸ˣ۸һҲûϵ
岻֪ͨѲĹ˿;ûӦˣҪˡ
˿ˮѵппһնϢҲµĺѣǸھǺ͹˿͡
˶࣬ûʲôĵĶ
ⷭһ£ظ˿͵ѯʣصնˡ
극ҪӪҵʰ̣ͼŷＷһֱڰ׳ëĹ
⹷а˸ߣëֳ˳ëɫֲķǳɫһ״ͷᴩߣص۾󱳶Ǻɫһ˫޹ֹɡ
ıڵʹᣬᵽǰ³ͷ۾ؿ˳ĳëĶһˡ
ҿ˿û⿴ˣ̽Դϵë˳ع˿
ӲƬֻǵӲëһô˳ëë·оãģأ
һƺڻӦ
˿û½±
Ҫô
߶ϣˮ˳ͷ£ȴûжҲû죬ֻһ۲ˮܿڵϾۼһС̲
̲סЦԣװȥˣٳô
ĵԴʹֱۺȡ
صࡣ
ǱڶĻ޿ֲܻԾԼһ¡
еӲ


 53 

ҧװС뿪, Ҳʰ׼żӪҵ
ֻʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôܾʲôڿԼ
תͷĹ, ˳ʦϴϴûп
Σյĵط, ڱȳ˶Σյĸ֪
ۼƺҪˣЩźعص˾ͷ
ر֮ü, źźʲô
һ, ҲûҵԴͷ, ſй˿ţͽһߡ
ڲïǴ󲿷ֵҹСҲֻӪ֮͹ˡ
֮ҲûҪȥũóгҪõʳġ
õʳĲܶ࣬зҲװãԼܸöûͻ
Ƚ˵, ٷűϴôãʱѾʮһˡ
ʣµĽˣЩƣؼңϴͷ˯
Ȼ˯ʱ䱻Ƴ, ʱ仹ǰһˡ
¼ҵĲɹǳãһ¥ƽ, ݶȫ򿪣ڴϾܿεɫա
ڶ˸µİãֻҪ죬ȴݶڴϿһգӰɫǳɫżȻ·ķ񣬻Сǡ
𴲺ʱ仹磬ûʱ䣬յͣѵõĶʱ⣬ųȥ
±һҹ㣬൱ζΪ˲Ӱˣصذװȥζﲻһ͹ݿǰרɢʳζΪζȾҲȾĺϸֻпŵζ
±һװʺзٹ̨УʰʱҲ˿ʱ䡣
һ˵ԶǸڵС㣬ϰҹʱպҪ˯ˣ˵緹
ϲƫһ⣬żҲҪһ±ˡ
Ÿտ⵾ͶһͷҷŹǷˡ
ýСɰֻǴ˿鿴ű컹ҪήһЩʱ˯ŵӡ
±ʮݣٸҵˣǸƬҲҪݡ
һ߸װһɻ󣺡ˣ
ҡͷǡִ˸Ƿ۽ǵỨˣڵڼԡ
ȴֲ̫öʱ˵˽ֻǶȥעŽأ֮ǰعһ¡
áṩͲ;ͺˡ
ЦЦͲͷڳﱸŪ˾Ϳˣʱ֪ͨǡ
⵸ǮŶҪ뿪ֹһˣ죬ӵֵ˰ɣҲʧˣȻ㻻ˣҲһҪͬ塣ôŶܣƼöҲ̫á
⵻λԴǿɲУһ̲ɰģͬ壬Ըšٵȵȣȵʱ˶࣬ȥһΡ
ǹִаɣȥúÿ·Сˤӡ
⵰ڰ֣һҡһڵػ˼ҡ
˶Իڶ϶û̲ͣסţԭҲܵӰ졣
ʱڷڵĶﲻ̫࣬³֣Ҳ̫Ӱճ
֪ǲҲзڣʣӦûҸͬİһ
һ뵽ľͶʹһ¡
õն˺һֱԱȥעҵ¡
ʵвıر¡
һ˹ͻȻλȴ֮ǰܹעĴӣһ֪ĳ˹ء
ͻλ͵ǻʵ۹񶼾ˣΪ˹һֱܺãǰ»ĻţȢƺˣѲһֱû֮ġ
һֵ׳λ˲ٲ²Ϳֻš
ȻǾͿĵǻʽ
κһλԱҪÿʮٱܿ˴տػߡο޵ʵߵɲĵزֱֻͨĻݹѹȸУκ˶С
ǻ죬Ҿ͹޵ѺӵѪҲһһ޵۹µĻԻơ
ǻ죬ޱԭΣʱĻҪӴüľبڲ֮ϣþòɢÿĵף˸˵Ϊ
Ȼ޼λѾмˣȶһֱûȥƽտ﷦ζţΪȤ
۵ص㶼ѡʲô˭ЩŮȫһ飬ߵһλ󹫵Ůȡ
ӵһѪóޱѩǣԸֲŻ磬׶õĴѧҵ׷ڶ࣬һֱԺãӵкܸߵ
˽˵Ƭһ𣬵ȻЩƬûþͺܿ챻ɾˡ
ǡڲ俴ն˵ʱ䲻࣬ƫƫǼǰ
òϣվһȷʵܰ䣬ͯŮһԡ
ֻһ۾Ͳٿȥ
ܾޣѹ
΢̾˿ĵ׵Цһ˿͡
һֱæµָһ緹ʱѾԺ
ŷſִһO@ܿ죬һֻϤĺڰë˽ͷǰﻹߵСӡ
ʱˮ
󹷰ݡ
ӹӷϣϲʣ͸ҵģлл
ˮóˮƤϻд˼֣ͦӦǹµġ
лչԲԲ
ԭֻԲԲ
£̲סԴ
ԲԲôǰʶһˣҲԲεģǲǺɣ
Լ֣ԲԲһЩ˷ܵڵת˼ȦëĶһһΣ˵Ŀɰ
ȥ˿Ž
ԲԲû뿪˳ſűߣҪ극һ
մնѣԲԲǱֹ쳣̿ȺͯöָԸ˳ҳϡ
ԲԲԴһֱɵзĺ
ȵ극͵ߵߵҧ뿪ˣ֮ǰֲ䵽ϣֱۡ
ôɵĳҲʼ˼ԼҪҪҲһֻ
еһסյģܾȱ˵ʲôһֻɵĶҲ
ֻҪһֱ꣬Ҳû취ԷڼЩ
ԲԲ쿪ʼÿ綼ÿʱﶼϲͬĻʱˮʱʳɣǣţ̡
ԲԲôһһĽ֪ͳʮ졣
ʱԷԣΪ鷳Ǹ
Ҳ˸˼䣬ȻѧֲãԲԲҲ̫ѿ
˺һ󣬻࣬ȴܸоԷԸͦ˵ģ²ӦǸȽȽŲȴòƵˡ
ֱĳ磬ԲԲٹʱһˡ
ˣǸߴˣ޳΢ͷԺ󣬴ŸɫīźϢŸܴӡ
ԲԲϹǣһС
ϵīͨƽ⾵¶һ˫Щ´۾էһȻԲԲ۾еơ
Ц֣ãǾͶιԲԲĺ˰ɣԲԲлʱչ鷳ˡ
Ƭ̣ҲָգлԲԲܿɰֺܹɣһ㶼鷳
ӵݹҼɱкüֿζϣϲ
Ͻӹô
ԲԲЩ˷ܵ˽űתתȥβҡû죬Դʱһ䣬ԼԴ
˳ƶʹߣһᣬԲԲĵſ£ĺ
ƽʱԲԲܰһͷһμô׽ˣĺϲ㡣
Цܹԡ
ҲһͬԲԲ˳ë
һϲ˸ԼëԲԲ˷ܵβͶҡС糵Ƥ¶һһңæòֺ
εĶӽѵһ㡣
̲סЦ
һĻгޱȵദҲ۵ס
һβԼӰ֮һܶ춼ûٹעκϢûȨ޵ն˲鿴
λǳ࣬ԭȼݻ޶ȣƶǳķߣԱңֻҪ΢ϸһ飬ܿ⡣
޵۹濴ǿֺƽʵѸò
ǵĳ־ֻŤĺ
æƶּƻģЩλȴʼżߴȢޣѡ
ܾѵѾǧ궼ûгˣӵһʼλֻܾѪⲢ˭µĹأǿڹĬѡ
һѺʵǻۻᳬԽ壬ǿΪԶΪͳһгӵ
Ҳֻȥǰ֡
ɴӵڶοʼҲûܾѣôÿλͻһѪȷ硣
ˣ޷Ѻÿʼȼ٣ѣܶҲûµ̳֡˹Ż˻޶ȵȢλӣˣĺҲû
޲Ÿλãͱʽ߻ˡ
ǵ޲ô߻鷳ΪȢ޲㵮á氲ţʱʮλݺʵ£ߵĵҲˡ
ȷʵܲҲǳʡ
ʾ͸öǾôҲ˵ڣģٴȻԺС
ӦóʲôѵЩػصϢңϼĿ
ƾѾ˼ǧǻۣҲ͸Լϵ⡣
ϻزԾȥȫԼ塣
һ˻Ҫûκ⣬ҲûӰǵĶ
Щ벻ͨⲻһľӰ֮
һηദļʱ⣬˼죬ٴεնˡ
һ򿪣ͿЦݵغһİ˶һԴԴڸһ˳ëʱʱһۡ
ⳡէһͷ·һСһ㣬гܰۡ
޲Ծֱߵ齷֡
ֻǶ̶̼ûѣôͶһˣ
ԱЦ˲ãֻƺйŭŵֱͷȥ˷ֿ
ȲԼ뷨֮͵ضԭء
ǱȷʵĵúͶԵǸܷȤˣֵֻӴ粻࣬ʱһ˵ʲôӲҲȫᳰЦĵؽȫΡ
ͷһȻǵһμ棬ദȴȫ䳡˺ġ
ûԼһֱ΢Ц
㶮ࡣһν̲סп
һʵʦ
Ȼѹ֡
Ϊ棬ЦһЩǶģ̶ֻѣѾְˡھС˵ңһֱڼϸ壬źԲԲ
С˵Ҳû߶һǸ׼äһѧûУҲǸѧϵģЩƧֻϲ
ʱҰ㿴ڻûдꡣ
ͷ
Ҳ֪Ϊ컹ʲôԭƽɢ˹˺þöû
ڲĵϺţŷ֣ԭסڡ
հ죬Ժޣ˸һ
صȻǲŸʶãʲôѶңĵĻԲԲǸĹ
ЦԲԲԴл
һã޿ǳľá
ȫüûչĻ鶼ƳһЩ
ֲһֱͷûעԼһֱĲһ˿ĽЩ߾͸ѹȣ·ܴ͸Ļȥ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴһθоֱ˴ӱעŵĸо
θоһλҪԣǺڵġ
͵ػͷǶǽǽŸܣ϶õıʺк͸ҪõĶܼӻĶģȷûƼͷ
עӸ̫ǿˣߵܱ߰Ķһ飬ûʲô쳣
ٿǽڣϷǽûʲôһ۾ܿ컨塣
ûװݹܼңֻװ˺ϵͳǽ棬濴ʲô
ǽãʵĵġ
ĶŪͷԣʵʲô
˼ŵûиоڶǣ
һɨҪˣһ˶ûС
ôûиоߡ
ҡҡͷûʲôҸоˡ
ô˵ɨһǽڣܻǲ͸ǽ͵
͸ĻӣĲԼҲغࡣ
μҲûնˣһֱţֱ
ֱܲӣն׼
ɣþһʲô⡣
۾˲ôãǻоֶˣȻܰȫɿ
á
˵Ҳնˡ
޵ԾۣնǰرĻ
쵽ûʲô⣬ֿӸҲʧˣԷĻмԲԲ
˶뿪˿
ʵڱעŵʱûиоκΣաΡ
˲㱻ΪڿԼ
ַܿϵ뷨ڵôܻ
ҲǸĵı̬


 54 

ûȥҽ
, ܿԼΪζʲô
ֹעһˣʹϲ
ֻ޷ԼΪʲôϲ
һֱڿŶԷ, ܶζʱ䣬ҲûԼϲʲô
Ǹͨ, ಻㶥⣬ºкܶ, ĸǲ
ƫƫ޷Լһ鿴ȥ
˼޷ΪĲЭ, ɻ˺ܾ, ⲻǳԼϣǾϡ
ʲôδ֪
Զ޷⣬ԽԿһۡ
޴Էɿתͷֺܿ챻ܽ׶ǡ
֪ԼʲôӰ졣
͵Լ֮½Ѿõϣװõıģʽͬʱ򿪣Էһ
ȷʵǰȫ, Ҳȫûκ⣬һߣһ⿪꣬ᱻҲ, 
ڳ˿ӸУһö춼ƽƽûκⷢ
Ҳ꼾, һֱĵïӭ಻ϵ졣
껩ôŵ棬ԭֵĽֵҲȥС˶ࡣ̲Ҳûοͣ󺣲ͣ¹Ҳҵĺͷ
Ҳʼ˺˭Ը
οնϣܰæͲţһЩԼˣԶһЩֻܡ
ʵ̫ģ紵ۣ棬ľһҪ۶һ㡣
ʱܵã˿̷·ȫˡ
ſڵﳯ⿴ȥ˸꼾ãҲʮ¾͹ȥˣᳬһ¡
ʱԲԲȻҲٳһ춼û
ƵǱߵԲԲڼﲻͣתȦſ£ëë紵צֻġ
һ࣬ԲԲյܹͶӰǰ³ͷ
ЦԴþòԲԲ㻹ô
ԲԲ˼ȣȻôá
ԲԲߣҲͷ˵ƷΣ֣ͬȥȻơ
ԲԲ켱ĲУȥܵԺſֻˣոϴ裬ȫʪˡ
ԲԲſڵϣһ
۾ԲԲģҳȥͲ͵ʱᾭſڣһԡ
ԲԲӵվ·ھܵԺǰӭӡ
ü첻籩꣬ʼˣƽջҪӡ
ͲͣôûӶ˰æ̫Σˡ
ҡͷûҵʵˣ͹صˣЪҵ쿴˵
£ҵи˿Ƽһ壬ҲһֱЪҵڼңҹ
ƽսӴȫΣԾɲ֪ôԷ壬ͨʱ֪ġ
ïǿҲˣǵĺһ彨ĳУЩ˲Ըںף
ڿƼרŵ豸ôڰ
ûϳЩͨЩǺ塣Щϲصԣǳԡ
ȥ
ллæˡ
Цŵ
Ͳ͵£Ҳ
ʵҲиͲƽֻ̨Ǽ۸ߺܶ࣬ҿƽ̨Ҫٷã˿ʹʱҲҪǮïǲرܶԼӶһרͲͣʡܶҲġ
úӣ߹ţſ߳ȥ
ԶԶ߲ͣһһ
첻뵽򷢲ʱǸҹҲ籩ֱ꣬ߣ˰壬ʱеΪԼҪˣ־
˾죬Уֻصһ
Ӧû꼾ǰСϪӦñɴˣԺĲ˵û˴ӦóӲݣݺҲҪˣȻҪˡϣʰá
һһ߼ӿŲߵгƣ¡¡ͣ
ʱҲʹʲô豸Сųǰߣ紵վȣϵ豸ܺãܡ
һ͵Ĺ˿סеԶЩ·ܵط
ŻĺܣԽſڣøڵš
ԲԲѾǰȺʱˣ˷ܵܵűߣæ춥סţ˷ܵתȦûѹڵϡ
ԲԲң϶ˮȽݡ
ҲһңԺװ춥ʱ򿪣ԺӱΧܲ͸磬û˿Ʈ
ëСĸð
ʺеݹȥԲԲġ
лл̫鷳ˡ
û£ýҲ㡣ѵϵ£˲ͷϵˮŽݡ
һֻֻһķˣûڡ
ȻҸƣҵװʵһէһֳһ˹ҳзȫͨ˸ִߺʩָ߿ƼƷǽں컨塣
˼ؽܵΪҪͷдûʱԲԲڼұƣЩ߸棬û뵽ԽԽ࣬Ͷˡ
ԲԲ˷ܵشܽҧ˸ϲ߹ȥ֣ϣԼһ档
Ṇ̀ӹ̣ԶһӣԲԲٶȼش˳ȥûȷؾסˣյܻβ͵ߣһ˫۾鲻ſĵĹ⡣
ûԽԽɰʵϣûκγ
ǰѡ
̲סȥסԲԲĲӣëëϲ˲䣺ôôɰ
ԲԲµķ̣˵ڵӵ¡
ûڵϣ촩Ĳܶ࣬һֱڲϵ۾ô¶˳
ԭͷԲԲʱͣסж
·Ǹовһ㣬ϵζͺ
հˮʳ˳һΪԲԲڹԲԲ
ԲԲˣɽŵضӣ
û°ɣǸصԲԲƽʱġ
ҡͷϵ˻ȥ
֪ԲԲΪʲôζζоΣգԲŻͻȻҪ
ʱĽҲζϧһƬʯͷһʲôҲŲ
£ϴĶζ
ʱζˣ֮ԲԲڿᣬ³ֻȥˣֻǰ
Щ棺ʲôԲԲµĶﲻ࣬Ӻܴʲôҧ
ûֻͣǼ͵ļƷ
û׷ʣˮʳƹȥ𿪣ԲԲչȥӿҪεذˡ
гһ飬ֳݣһݸԲԲһݾȻԼ
ֹص⡭
ǳóԡ̾ҲԲԲа˷ơ
רŴԵģһ˶óԣһһӣͻȻ
ʲô壿
һ⣬գ۵

ãǹԲԲͬһ壬ѹܾơ
ﾹȻԼͬ壬Ҳ̫̬
ȳ˶һߣǰЩ߶ʵ̫ݳˣ֪ȻҲǹ֮󣬿ЩߵЩ̫һˡ
ԲԲ߶˸ˣûǰһֱվһָӣֹʲô⡣
ԾڼӺӵϣ˳ﲻ
ðĺ춼Ѿʼˣ֪䣬Ȼôá
ڳ̫ΣˣȵٻȥɡѾˣҼұķգĲ׶ǸҴĶؾζǳ֪㰮ʲô˵㡣
ԭҲûҪԷЩ˼صҲ̫ˡ
ʲôŵģҶھӣ㻹һֱæչԲԲҸøлŶԡ
˵ĵذӣֶ˹ùæЩˡ
ïǵزζرã㳢
Լǰ£ллˣԼͺá
в˾̫һЩ
ƺҲԼΪףתȥԲԲ׼ʳ
ԷٶȼӿЩܸоԼﻹе˼ֵĲԣҲһֱܿòҲûҪֱ˵˼
ЩԾûд޿ܵ߳ҲٹһҲ
ǲƽġ
ڸӴ࣬Ҳ̫뵢˺ܺãӦðʱ˷Լϡ
ٳ˷ûٶ˵ʲôҲƵضŷ˼ҡ
ڵ֣Եø弸֣еĵƶ򿪣յǽڵذ嶼һƬá
ԽǹԽǿտҲ޷ɢֿտС
Լ˴ϣʪͷò
óģ̲ס֡
ǰεĽѵûպһ͸ն˶ˡҲæûǸʱ䣬˲ԣԾɴնˣȴֻǼ¼һʱճûжſ
æ˴빤ԼҲ̫ճ¼
¼Ǵ𴲿ʼģڿһûʲôرȤĵطȴһֱſãϱԼҲûв͡
ֱŷңҵĹˣϵۡ
Լ
֪Լ۱ֿ͸һֻ˵ζʲôκ˶ǴΨһںˣҲΨһ㡣
ԾɼǵЩ飬ȴôҲ벻ʱʲôһС
һԼĶͷͼԼܵʲôĵһƬƽƽһ̶ˮʲôоûС
´ʱܵشҲϵʹһüͷǸе
ǰµ侲ʲôɿʼʱԼܵһж
Ѿ֪Լǰֳ֮Ϊһֱѻֳٳ޷Чͨ岻ͬɳҪҪĳɳƱ嶼ǿʵʸӴױݻ٣ҪСĺǻ
ʱûκλȥ־һܳɳ̶ֱֽק˳
޿Լĸ첲һָָ˲ɼצӡ
צӻֱϣκԴƵƤһ˿ڡ
Ѫ˿ӿһʹ
޿Ѫڵϣ£ÿ˵̫ᣬצ໮һЩ
ʹ˺ܶ࣬˲뵽ֻΰֹѪѡ
Ҳ޷̼ʲôͬĸ롣
ޱĿʱԲбʱŭǴģ
һᣬ͵ѪĨɾ򵥳ϴһ£˿ûþͲѪˣʼϵļ
ȽʣµƵ¼ʱ첲Ѿȫ˵ĺۼˡ
޿ڴֵӣոջûκβģһ˶ʹ
Ŀڣͣһصм¼˳ȥ
ڻиҪҪȥ
ֻһˣ磬ϴһͿʼõѧϰ
һʱΪ˴ʱ䣬Ϊ׬Ǯ
ڵӯ࣬۳͸ʳþߣûô׬˲٣СҪӯѣϣ̫󣬺û󸻴ֻϣѿȥѧУѧϰ
ǰΪԵѧУӲ࣬лؽУ԰ź¶ֲ
һֱϲͣЪһƬɣһҶˮ͸Ҷ̵Ƣ
緹ƵسȥһһоĳС
Ϊһ죬ľв˳֣ƽջҪһЩ
ţͻȻڼ̸ʲô
ƺۣ֮ͣ½ŲŲȥһЩʼ͵
ҽԺһֱԲѣϮĿ϶һ˹϶λҪɱ¼λ
ⶼû֤ݵ£˵˹Ըλôĸףи׻ɱӵġ
ܸһôΪǸλãʲôο֮ǰ˵ôһӴڣ϶ǲӵĺӣûоѣƲ֪ĸˡ
꣬˵̫ƫˣС㡣
ǲŸ˹޹صġ
һ仰ʼ˾ʹ
ϮҽԺԲѣ
ˣ
ʵôǿôܻ£
նˣҪôǵصӿ
ҹ﷢ģѱ䣬˳Ϯ޵סڵʵȷʵûʲô˵
Щõ޴ԴڣҶһƬޱͷӿеԲѡ
Ȼʱϵ׽סӷ޼ʱ͵ҽԺ˺Ѿɣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ
ŻҽԺģһѪɫ԰׵ڴϣ˫Į۾š
Լ֣˶ˣôΪʲôᷢ£
ϸϸſһ飬ҹͽҽԺѾȥüСʱˣҽϢһ˵˴ԣڴˣʲôʱ˭Ҳ˵ֻܿԼ־
֪ԼôߵſڵģŲģ
򣬱ðģżλãֽ֪ԸԶû
ʼڣΪʲôûдӦ飬µòİҲµʱһʱߣֻһһˢš
վڵǰǽڴ
ĺˡ૵
ʱԽԽֵϵϮ¡
˺ܾڻŴ˵š
Ÿմ򿪻ûнȥһʵ
йô


 55 

һ², ˵ܸû뵽Էô硣
ЩʪĽëתȥ
ֻǸݸ߸ߵˣֳų, һͷɫɢ۾ͦ, ٿźйŵоɫԲ԰, һ
ոϿĳ˯ѵ
ܿ췴Ӧ, ϰȱˮȱ, ɫ԰ҲͦǵģԷܲⱼ
йҪһֱⱼͲͣ࣬ô
˵ͷ϶صԡ˵ʣܰסô
Ȼ, û뵽Ҫ
ʵһûϵԷ
£סҲûʲôϵܴкܶͷ, ڳһҲУԷԸһԡ
ôһʾҪٴˡ
һǧܽô
ʿ˵ǳˣҲС, ïǾҲܰסĵطǣûйֵط
˷°ûκصͷʣҪʲô
ϰ൹Ҳͦãȴ˵ꡣ
ĵ̶ط˵󣬾ʮƽӣֳ֣Ǻмһη˸ּӺһӣű߾װ޻Ļˡ
ԭͲĵطһ֮˲оխ
һ£֪ͨ˿ͣҪͳȥͣïǵ·ʶô
˵ͷ˶ţźۼع۲ûκҲûкζڰض￴צʦȫһ
ԼǾʧܺͳɹĲͬɡ
ʱ£רͶ뵽СٵٽǣҲʲôˣֻĵȴ
ԱǼһն˺ѣˣʲô֣ҽֱӺ־ͺá
ƺ˼һ£ʽֺܳͺá
Ĭ飬ܾ죬ϸ룬ԼĪǶе
˼̫ˣܵϢʲô뵽
̾쿪е˶ûװãڰæװһ°ɡ
Ҫ±ζų˳ʦȻûţҲûꡣ
ȥϴ֣ôװ±ζ˳㿪ն˸˿˵һԺԤնϿͨ˸С
ָкܶ࣬ǳ㡣
⵻û˯Ͷһݣܿ߰˷ݶ
װִҲһƷݽˮУһҺѸپܱˮܽȾֺܷ㣬ϻܷʱӰͲ˴һ¾ͻ˵Ϣʾϸĵ·ߡ
ǱװᣬѾⶼװˣٶȿ쵽Ŀ࣬־һûг˿
пȻ壬־á
Щͳȥɣô϶еַϢն˿ͻ·ߡ
ͷӹʮӾߡ
ڰ֣·Сġ
߳ȥˣͻȻ£Ͻ׷˳ȥȻգۼĹѾ߲Ӱˡ
˵õ壬СɱǸöˣȫٶֿ졣ôඩͽ̫˻ᵢ£ýûã˭֪ٶܿ쵽ֵز
ŸսӴӣ;Ǹʵɣɻ࣬Ҳ󻺽Ŀǰľ
ն˸л
Ѿˣһʲôеĵط㾡˵ÿ
ûУͦõģɻлл㡣
ÿܰͺá
ɻȷʵٶȷɿ죬߰˼һСʱͻˡ
նϸӾǩʾ̲סɴ۾
ѵðһ·ˣȻôô졣
߽վˡ
ãˡﻹķݶҲҪͣ鷳һˡ
һۣĬŶҪ뿪Ͻסָָ塣
á
űסĵطҡҡͷá
ʼգûʲô̫ı仯ֳĬҲһԽӽС
ҲͦжԺĶλûʲôڡ
ڵȴͲ͵һʱ˷ݺͬ˻ǩ˺ͬһʽԱˡ
һͲҵûر࣬һṦ⣬
ĬĬߵߣڹ̨ǰæûˡ
һӹ˴Ĺ
ò˵ɣûٶֿ׼ֻһȫסˡ
ֻҪ㵥˿͵ĵȴʱ̡
мĹ˿̲ס޵Աɻ
ͷһӦ͵ǰ
ǵ֪Ծб޷ԵʣɹĹ˿͸࣬һֱæƽջһͣ
ͷһ±Ҳȫˣƽ»ѻĲܶ࣬绹ʣһЩ쾹һûʣ
ʱѾ緹ˣ粻ģѾûʲô֪ˡ
ϹʱЪҵӣǸεظǸ
û뵽ôæһֱϵڲУҪȥ԰ɣ͵ףְ
û뵽ҡҡͷʹ߿ƷѣԼͺá
һ飬Ҳɲ̫Ըȥԣֻ߽˳
Ҳȥæл˳ʦڣ̫ˣһֱվڳű߿æµˡ
ͷ۵ȥŰɣϢһ£ܿͺá
á
ڲ£˫ֽһ𣬶ǰࡣֻǸܼªĵط֪Ϊʲôһָߵĸо
ƽʱѾʼԷˣԲԲҲʱ
ãܿյĲ˹ԾɵŸСӣǳ˷ܵӡ
Դŷ죬ֱ
ҪͱȻҪߡ
ͷ򹷹һֱûʲôüͷ΢΢һ¡
ԲԲһɲ͵ؽסˣǱסˣάǰȵơ
ԴسԱת̧һֻ۾˸ӡ
Ƭ̺ԲԲϵëƵһȫعֿµơ
ޱؿһ̧ۣ֡
ԲԲ¼ˣһ㳯Ų
Ҳûģָ˹кԲԲ͵͵ڿܣȻ廹̵سŲ˹˳ſ¡
ϸָ˳ëëָ们䡣񴩹ƶһᣬйɵ㲨ζ
Żܺ
ָԴϻϣëëָ⵴һȦ
ԲԲȫƽһʵķƤźϣ˭һ
ܿõ˻ӦͷĴڡ
ԲԲˡк
ԲԲԴϵˣֿͻȻЩƤǰһƣ͵Ͻܵȱߡ
ҵɽüβʹȣиշʵĽһ˫۾ί
òûվȣﻹǲûͷԴһ¡
ôˣôͻȻ
ԲԲûֲҳȥؽС
˲Ƿʲôô
λߵſڡ
̧ͷֿԲԲסЦ£ں£ǸԱкɣԺǾھӣ˺ġ
һڻӦĻ
ոջͣصԲԲʱˣеɻؿ
ȻܴҲе㲻̫ΪʲôովΣյˣһ㶼Σˡ
Χᡣ
ɾϵĶԲԲ֣߳ܵԲԲھӼҵĹܴҲܹԣ䣬ҧˣ㲻Ҫ¡
ԲԲԴȻû˵̬ȴѺá
ԲԲôûæôҪˣɡ
˵߽˳
ԲԲȥǿֶ׻ԭأſڵûҲҶ
һһôĬضţһֱ÷߳ԲԲɴϽ˳ȥϲⶼûдߡ
Щ죺ôˣˣȳԷʱ˵㡣
緹ƽնʢ٣һźˡ
԰ɣˣԵ㡣֪㰮ʲôϲĿԸ˵´׼
ϲĬӳԷ˹ϸʣûз˿
ֻǿ˸ģȴ
Ժˣ
˰뷹Сͷ˿ӣˣллܺóԡ
ⷹ򣬲׻ķԴһЩ
극ûãˣ¹±ζҲԳˡ
ǰµںһ߷װһߴһ㶼û⡣
ƽҪæңѵûгһӡ
˿оǧԱֵˡ
ææµµһ꼴٣ҲѸʧ
͵ӶûͣŰصһ͡
ãһŴӳߣ˳ҲԼ
һֱͣӻؼˣչһ죬ȥϢһ¡
ͷ߳ǰߡ
һֱܺôôʱôģصع۲һ£ҲûͻȻðɷ糵ǺͨسǰܣֻӺܴܸܲϡ
ˣ껹û£֮ǰ꣬Ҳӿ˲ӡ
һʱѾȫžµ
׼ߣͷֻһףûķݡ
Ϻܿ챻ʪһƬ
߲ǸӰܶһĶû취صڶˡҲֻˡ
Ҫ¶㣬һȥ㣿
á
ٴξֱܾӳ
ݣܵӦûʲôҲûټ֡
صʱȫʪ͸ˣ·ϣгݶġ
ݸһë°ɣȥϴˮ衣ķ޾߿ãʲôҪҡҪǰ֧нҲԡ
ĿͷھԶĵطԷеñ䣬ֻҪ߶˾Ͳ档
Ӧṩסʱˬ죬Ϥİ˻ؼңﻹе㲻Ӧ
ȥ׼͡
˵˳Ȼ뿪ˣǿŷݹܼҵͶӰƮԼ࣬Ĺ۲Ϊ
ʲôûܿԼ俪ʼȥϴ·ˣϴ󰲾ɳϣƺڷҲ֪ǲǲڹ۲죬ܹأʲôû
Եĺܰ˵Ҳûʲô˵ûȥԭ
޳¶Ӱܴ󣬴ϵ֪ϢڣѾﵽҪըҪæ⣬ŬԼԼȥš
ȵ극͵һʱ佫ԼؽңѸٴնˡ
ûѣһңĹʱݴǼӷҲڼӽʣһֱҧ˵Լûκָʹ
ƨȻûһţûָʹΪʲôҪ޳֣ô
ЩעֻרעŸйصϢ
ϽҽԺʱƵûƵˣֻ˵ԾڼӻУڲΧػ
ЩϢлһţߵĵԺһʱȥҽԺ̽˺ܾòų˵Ȼ˻ûн飬Ȼܺá
Ϣã˴ϡ
ô޹ˣҲ˱ǣһ˻ΪæµԼʲô
صն˺Ŀòȥϴ
ѾڿˣƱϣֻůɫıڵƣַ꽻ӵҹоЩܰ
صƻݣſ˼ȥ˯
Ϊ˯ţû뵽ܿ˳ߣûһΡ
ڰҹµž£ԶźһȻ¡
ϸлһ˿޵ĺʲô
ܿʧҲ⡣
ʱһһιȥֻˮԺʲôǶ˳ǽ£ֺܿŷ
Ӧ÷ķݹܼûκϢ
ϸ΢ɳɳϸϸݵĶ̧ͷܿһۣƺڷֱ淽ٴ˳ŷ켷ĳС
ϵ˯졣
޲ط˸
Ƕ￿סһǵıӷϣһᣬڼѵ˴
Դ˯ˣ壬һͷߣԴԴ尤壬ˡ
ҹֻоʲôĶƺǸӣűеܡ
۾̧֣Ƕץ
ȥϸϸֱ΢е֣ȷʵӡ
ԣôйӣ
͵һͷӦ˲
ͿԼץһߣһָϸĽɫСߣβڿоβͣԴСС۾ϸ˺˺³
һͫȻʶǰһ˦ϸСžһˤǽϡ
ƺǱˤˣСڵϵ˺һٴûйҲû뿪ǾôǽǣԴǽڣ˫СС۾
֪ΪʲôܾԼܴжһЩָغί
£˵ģïǻкܶߣＸûҰߴڡ
Ҳ˵һָ˭ܳĳʲôˡ
Сֻ̡ܻͣܿ
Լһֱ֣ܿӰˤˡ
û°ɣ˵ôεʡ
СûлشһӣؽԼ̳һȦԴһϢشһԡ
ߣֻǵĶ
ȥЩֻʵǳɰһɫƬԴԲԲģɫ̶С۾һ
ι㻹ô̽ſȥ˴Сߡ
һġ
ŵǰС߹˳
ԼĪСһˣС
ôģĸ׺ͼأҲûô飿
СߵƬûκηӦ֪˯˻ˡ
˰ɣ
˻ȷš
ԼҪů˸ͷ·С߷˽ȥ
ŵҴȥҽԺ
ºЩ
ǲжԵôһĲԺǳڴϣ


 56 

ҹ˯ò, ȥģ߶İСߣ˭, ϴҲôˡ
ʱʱһۣСһҹͷû
ǰ, ǳ, û
˯, ɴ, ڴߴնˣˢһš
ϸ߰ۺܶ࣬ȴûиϢûлϢҲûкϢ
޻Բѣв˺˹̨ƹܴ֡
˹ֻǴ˳ϰٸӶסţôһʱҲðš
º˹Ϊ˸ݼʵطһ, ǺʹҲѹϣǴ˷ˡ
ķڴ߷˻¸˹ûϵ, ʲô취
ʸǵļ˶û緽ʽ
˻ԼʱǸ򵼣򵼻ظĺܿ, Լ֪Ҳûʲô絽档
޿ʼҲˣ侲Ҳ־뿪оȥ˼вԾĵط
ôεΪʲôһ֮ͻȻĮӡ
˭ıţһԸִҲ棬ȫαװҲװˡ
Ǹ޿ʱȫİͱ䡣
˸һ
ڶʼޣǲ
ȥģٴαߣˣ
뵽һ󷢺
ܿԼĲ²⣬޼λʱֱ˻طţȷʵû
ȻǱˣпǿгĹгʲô⣬ǽܴеĹ̳⡣
ʹԼԴЩΪʲôڲ뵽Ӧ޽飬²飬Ҳܵ߿
˵ףβϵȴһĽ̫û취˼̫ࡣ
ȻѾѡٶҲˣģֻаȴ
ɬ۾ȥŪһ㵷Сߡ
·ſڵʱصض࿴ۣܺãûκζӦ˯ˡ
ŵʳСԶ˶ԲԲԴ࣬ϸͷһʳʳϰһеɰ
ãС߲Ž꣬ͷϻһ£·Уֻ¶ԴŲˡ
̲סնˣСߵģģ˹˿Ⱥѯ˭ҶʧСߡ
ҹĻвû˯⵵һظ
ǸճôСƽпǰ׻֣ҰΧĳꡣ
½½м˻ظʾûС߳ҲûС߶ʧ
һȦȻҲͷˡ
ôСҲûŹҰ⣬ܿͻ
뷨ҪҲ϶ǸëԲԲһٲҲèӲ
ëëruaô
ȫѪ۶ˣܻ뵽򡣺οһߣɫڵƵߡ
СߵԴ꣬͸Ҹʵĳ꣬ҵ˵ġ
СӣԴ
ôһڣ춼ˣʱ䣬˯˻
ٴʱɫ۾ͷС￴ȥСѾˣ´·ͷûС
׹ӳȫһȦҲû
ʼԼҹǲˡ
ն˿˿Ƶڣм˿͵δϢ˵ԼҵߣҲпǺߣ꼾ˮǣʲôϰҲϡ棬̫ϣҲӦ޶ģڼ͵ĶȥﶯҵʵĹ鴦
лǣڲҪͳȥˣСѾˡ
һ£ĵĲСȥ򣬶Ǽﰲװųȫܷݹܼңǲǲûôȫôһֻ뿪ݹܼҶûκηӦ
ֻ޶ߣ´νֻĶǲֻ˯ˡ
ü÷ݹܼɨһȫݣСģͶӰڿУнˮȫǰûʲô߳Ķڡ
ûڼ¼Ҫ쵽ڵļ¼
ǿͶӰɢܿڸ¼֡
ſ˻ᣬڷСǴԺӵˮܿڽģݺŷ켷˴
طһ㶯ﶼûģƫƫһ˿ӡ
ˮܿҲû취ϣ˻ᣬӵİȫȼһЩ´ж־Ԥ
Щ󣬲ŷʱ䲻ˣϽ
߳ȥŷѾˣڳæµ˶кһ롣
Ķɻʱһң·вˣʲôչʾ
ϽµͲˣƽؽͣһʲ͵
û˵ʲôҲûиȥ׼õʳĵлл鷳ˡ
鷳
û뵽˸Ĳζǳζޱȣûκζƽնһ룬оеš
̫úˡ̾Щ棬һǲǶȽó
Ϊֹֻ㣬ƫƫǳʦһرá
£·̫Ϊʲôôʣɵصǰɡ
Թ緹ʱѾˣԾ꣬ͻ˲١
߰ɣæ
ҳһߣú˶ŷһͬ˳ȥ
ֵϲǿһˣ꣬òٺˮ嶼¶ԭ
һֻ޴ĺ껶شʱһ󻹸ֻųŵС꣬СԴǰһֻβವǰٶȷɿ졣
֪ԭڹٶܿ쵽̶ֳȡ
ͼһɢ˽ǣŮ˵֣ߵٶȲ죬Ůһͷ纣īɫĳͷһֱɢʣԽͷ¿һ޳ģβ
βһε͸͸ܿβɫĹ⣬βͼ⻹ʱζһ£ҡ
֪ڣɼǵһμ
·ǲߣͻȻعͷЦЦ
īɫ۾͸ͦıЦ΢΢ݣһֲУ˵㣬
Ҳ߿˹ԼʶˣǾϹ˿ˡ
ԭϰ壬ɣ뿴ȥ㿪ûСк
ͷ˵㣬ھͿ
Ǹɡ֪ʲôʱƷҰرϲԺʡ
ڿѡƷȷʵ̫࣬ƷҲ̫±ʡ
ٵȵȰɣһͷоһ¡
򿪵ţϽ˿ҪĶ̳װãŽţֳ࿴ۡ
ܿûôˣһ˸ǧٹֵˮ壬ͺ̡ûȵľֻһŪ˸ˮͰһƯ
һֱиӴĶ԰ǰĶû˼ˣ濴ˡ
ȵͲͻ߻棬ʵôͻȻôຣ壿
⿴һ۽͵Σ췽㡣
ȻЩЦãȷʵҲˡ
һֱæµͲͣΪЩĳ֣΢˵㣬ձ鶼ܴ󷽣һܶࡣ
ʱ֣ĴȻˣջҪСʱ
ϹʱЪҵӣûȥ˷
֪컹ΪʲôԲԲûй
ûдȷϢ
ǳʲôôҪҪ
ͷʺţʲô£ܺáôͻȻôʣ
Ƶܿ췢˹
½ͨͼһǵڼſڣԲԲſߣͶӰʱ
õشڵ˿
ԲԲܾŵ˻Եı٣һΪ·ʲôܵ˾šұȥԸ⣬ҧҵ·óҲùȥΪʲô£е㵣ġ
ԲԲֵһֱദҲͦãԼʲô⡣
ʱͦõģǵԱеɡ͵
תԵϣüͷɵʵλǣԱ
ͷǰⲻ
˿նصǣⲻѣҲʶƭˡ

תͷȥԾһƽţֱͦûʲô̫Ӧ
㲻Ǳ˽ģʡ
ͷǣû˽ңҸУҹ˺öҶй˵ܻУҾ
¶ͷʱ̫ɣΪܹ㡣
Ҳ壿
ǡǡ߿ӵһ˫۾͵ĹӣһһƬ̺·¶һصè塣
һ´һ󣬾ȻèѵǸëèȻͷôôɫĳëèû
ΣôҲ޷èϵһ𣬷̫ˡ
ûһ壬ضһʣè壿ģ֤ô͵߰ɣ
˷粻ƽȵصҴӾҳǱˣг˷ɴļ¼ͳǼ¼
èĴӪǾǣ󲿷è嶼èλһ󲿷ֶǨȥ˾ǡ
鷳οһ¡һҪ
ͷһۣЩڴؿ
û˵ʲôȥռ̫С㡣
С˵㣬Ƿûе䡣
ߵŲԶĵط·һΣһֻӽ˸߱ʨӻĺɫëèǰЩǳɫ۾βʹƹɵطצӱߡ
̫󣬴ëëһƬңèŶ˶
⣬ôèҲ̫
̲סɴ۾ܹƻһ֣ǻ趯ëë
оԲԲ̫һͬͬԡ
èոջµضԲԲʱ˳شУίί
Ͻջ֣оԼ챻ץеһ
ˣ̫󣬸Ͻݰɡһ
ĬĬΣ·
ǱǷ࣬ڴӶ˵˲·Զ׺ˣһ㶼ûӰݡ
ΣҲû˵ˣͷһԼѡ
Ϊл죬ҲյѷϢ˵ȷùˣϰ˺ܺáΪ
ɻܿõ˽
ɣɻʵ
ïǣ
ԭλǸ·գܴ˳Ҳܴ˵꣬ѾһҳݵϰˣԼ¹൱⡣
ͷܲ˼ضû뵽ȻǸ·գûǵȻ⹤Ҫˡ
ЦЦû£Ҳţҵ˹Ҳе˺ʵˡ
ɻ࣬ĺԱ
ûæ´ʲôҪæļʱ˵
ϵлȴǴԺ鷳
˶ԻĬĬ߿һ㣬߽Լһ·ڴʲô
ۣһֻͷƤҪըˣͻȻΪʲôԲԲµԸٹȥ
˸оΣա
Щ

Ҫ˵Щʲôʹԭǹ˿š
˵Ҫæ͹ҶͨѶûĻ˵ꡣ
ֻñ졣
ûȥʳģʣĶˣһžͳ׹ˡ
Դֻ֪è̬֮ȾһЩ֮ǰһޱȿ
ֻèһ뵽ëëޱ
ʱ仹磬ȥ˽ũóг
ǰõ㣬ʳҲҪˡ
Ա߰æɴ˻ĻҪûֱ֣Ŷ˷һûξȫװˡ
ƽսһҪСʱβСʱͻص˵
ϽݶˮȵˮЪЪɣʣµ
һˮȹ⣬ˮ˳䣬ͷ䵽ǰ֪ΪʲôͻȻ뵽
Ƭ̣Ǳӷϣߣˡ
ɣȥЪϢѾˡ
ҡͷۡ
̫࣬Ҳ˳æóϴվţͣݲ˹ȥ˵ָżһһһ¶ȶûС
е䣬һֱڲͣᶫȫȵĻðˣĲ֪˶ٺ
èΪϺëһͨͷͽŵź
˵Ӧó˲ٺŶԣǳëèӦþȣôֻô
ֻɻ󲻺ѯʣϾҲèӦøͨè̫һˡ
ɻѹûټȥ
һҪʳģһͬ뿪˵
ʱѾˣֵܿտǲӰ·߸ɫʵϷĸɫиҫۣɫӳһƬɫ
ͷԵؿһƬʮɫʱ䵹ˣ·ֻص˿ȳǾٰǶʱ䣬ҲѤöʣǣһһ߿νǵһʲôú档
ǲԾЦ
ӣһֱĬʵܿģ
ǰ㲻õƹ
ɻĹܳÿ˶ǴСģûκر֪֮ʲôֵÿĵģǵͷ
š
۾ںڰеʱѤãڿľʱ̡
ͷĵƹ⣬ͷһοģһרע
ȷʵ
лҪ˵һһһһذҵģ֣ᷢ

 57 

Ծġ
Լֻ˸﹤, ˸ˮƽԼ͹ݶˣûǮ, ȥӦƸҲԼɣһǧïӾʲôʣˡ
ȻǮԼ, ҲǮ̫˵㣬Լһ
ǳԷʱ, ͹Ĩǵ£ôó, ûȥӦƸʦ
ҡͷֻȤ
֮, ְҵ
ʲôʲô㣿ʣ̸
ͣ¿룬ЩãȻ֪
Ϊʲô뿪
Ĭˣʲôû˵
Ҳ˼ټ׷ת˱Ļ⣺Ǻôʲôһûȥлȥ
˼һᣬ֯ԣǻźԭʼֲò, ֲﶯﶼȱӸߴïܡǱʢＯǺӵǱ˲̫ϲΣƽն, кܶߣǵͶ˿ƼƷۼĵط˺ܶ򡣡
˽Ǳȴӱ￴ĸȤ, Էٶȶ̲࣬סǵӡ
оеǵζǵİ˰ǣǺʱ򶼻ǣ˶ΣҲֲǵԭʲô
˼ǾǲèۼôΪʲôʢܽܵ
èӦøһζŶԡ
ͷԽܣһ֮ʢΪһλ˺ϲһƬطרֲͱһĽԭȵζҲ࣬ɷ
Ȼû뵽滹İ¡
ֻǣʧȥζܾҲʧȥꡣ
˾ô߳Էģ඼ʸ⣬Ȼ࣬ػشˡ
кܳʱûɵˣҲûС
Ϊ뷨ܵԼ᲻ˣΪ᲻᲻׻᲻롣
ϲȻǻ£޷ӦϲͱѹǸΡ
˷ûڿͣܿͻصҡ
ͨèһҹܹɣҲ٣Էʱ򣬼оڵĺۼ
Դͦ⣬ҲŶݴϴѧϰ˯
ֻǲŸսң;ط֣ʧС߲֪ʱֳ
ϷС߲֮ͽϵͷ·ʱС˴ڸڱתתȥһ¶ͷһ¶βͣƺˣԼͷϣβƳһȦȦס壬էһǳһ粻塣
̧ͷ˿ӽ䣬ûڵϿˮպĺۼ֪Ǵġ
ϱӶǰɫģûпʲôա
ǰСС߻˻βͽչβ쳤ȦסƣԴ̧
濴Сͷ·ЦһɫС۾ССԴ󣬼ֱ񻭳Ŀͨһͷʱ˲ͱˡ
һ߾Ȼȡ
ҲԴ㻹ǰﵱˣȥô
Сϸ˿ǿûκˣźܽ
ôСҲûкѺʳڴȥ㶫˵Ż·С߾Ҫš
߷ںģСһᣬȻֱӲϲˣһеֵһԴϣʱ̧ͷһۣβͼֱۡ
ЩץץεƬҵط
˵ô˵ûнŪô׼š
󣬳ǰҪҪһè壬è˵һСŪͲ̫ˡ
ôţûоֱ˳ȥ
һҳͼףԷѾţһ˺üҲҵһҿŵģϧﲻߣҲûʲô߿ԳԵʳ
Ϊڶ࣬Ϊ˲⣬ﱻ˷ǳϸĻ֣ҳֻĳַĳèֻèأҲֻй
ŵͼҵһһŵꡣ
ҽС߼һ壬ܽ΢һ㡣
ʲôƷֵģʡ
ɫߣҸţߣԴ񣬵ôԲһǵһμܶء޶ģɫܺãôĺټɫɽɫ͸ˡú˵óμӳǴŪģ
ϰ忴Сֵ߰˵ģֱڵˡ
С͵꣬ദһᣬе᲻ˡ
Сƺˣ˲ӳϰѳУڸ첲ϣԴ¶
ģϲˡ
ϰźֿۣźԣûʲô⣬עҪúòӪԵõġṩϣС棬óԵ̫Ƶ죬ιһξͺˣһ㣬㲻Կŵ㶫ߣ˾ͻˡ
ͷЩСװһߡ
סô
ϰ巭ǳʵ͸׳΢ۣиʪĶѨԱ߻вƤʯͷ֦űԵһȦϸϸѭˮǳɡ
ģѣͬϲĻͬԣϲͻ
λӣǲôС߶ֱһһҲϳ
ӿۣС˽Що첲Щۡ
С߲֪ǲԸ⻹ܵ˾ţʼλꡣ
סβͼ⣬·סߴһС߲ˣӲر
㲻Ըסʵ
СԴһҲκλӦ
ϰﻹкܶೡ¶Ѩɽ֦ƤСϪӦоС
ľ̾ѣϧС߶ϲʲôҲû򣬾˵˼ҡ
ʱģƺûг˸ڵĴڴߣͷСӡ
һֻèϲѲŶԣҲ֪ΪʲôֻСôڲͬ
С߷Žȥ֮򿪴Ŀûиǣûֱӽ浹ȥӷˡ
СĴӣС߷ϣԼʳ
ȴû뵽С߲ԣʼǺһβͽֱӴڵأСԴû¶
ҷɣϽѸӸϣֻ򾣬һϳԣǣǼСҲûһڡ
ǲɣԵĻûεظűӴ˴СߣֻܽЩ
ϣܶ죬С´ξöʱ
ôʱ䣬ѾҪҹˣͳƽ˯ĵ㣬˸ǷС˵һɵ˴ϡ
ϯԣǶ컨忴һᡣ
ٴն˿û޵ţֺǲõϢһԼȥȥ벻ȥע
סˣڲ֪硣
ǻصȥ죬ȵʱԭ˯ߣƬӲȴܱ
궼Ѱ죬ΪĴڶøˬ
ֱǲԾݳ΢Ц
һֱʱЦţ˸ҪסߵˣȴһƬգֻץסһƬıӡ
еȻʧĸоͼǲ̫εʲôԼĪε˺һʱĿ¡
ʵӷֿ֮ټٻεǶʱҲһҲ˿ڵĺۼ
˻ᣬûסţ޻ûѣָǿϵ˼ȫˣԲԾƽȵû˿Ҫ˼
·רǾٹ۲죬ѲҪһЩԲ̼ǿл
Էģ´Сߵ￴ۣȻûпСߵټͷСӶǿյġ
߼ֱû񻰴˵ĹһֻҹΡ
÷ݹܼҴ򿪼¼ۣС߾ˣѵشŽ·뿪ˡ
滹еڶҵڶˡ
׷ڶģСߵĴûиʲôţο춼ҪæϾչڷٵĵ㡣
Ūҵ£ʹųߡ
ı磬緹Ѿˣذϣζ˱Ƕ
硣ôô磿
ΧŸɫΧȹΧȹӡ˸ֿɰèͼΧȹе̣Żֿɰ
ǳʱ͵ģʱǿһûôóù
Χȹ䡣Ŵ¶Ц
ͷԼһۣĵ٩磬Էˡ
ллʢ
ٷϲԵģûһδס
ʵҲǸʳˣʲôܳԵ£ϸ۲ܷ֣ϲᣬϲĿڸУȴϲζѼ㺣ʴþͻȣÿʱܻܶʱϸ
ԷʱЩɵʵ˳
£㿴ˣ
һǳɫСߴ˳ȥ
ǵģϲȥϲŻ˯СҲܣ㲻̫⡣
ͷû˵ġ
سͣһͬš
컹ֻ꣬꣬ԶȫһƬɵľɫݷ·ƯƲһ㡣
ͷͽë֪бʪˣգۣߵӦóյĲ·ʱס˽Ųͨ򺣱ߵ·ȥ
ȥͻȻ˵
Ƭ̣ȴʲôû˵ĬĬת˸򣬸һ𳯺ȥ
ûɳֻ̲ߵܿ󺣵·վ
Ƭ涼ãã֮УԶԶȥһƬ˼ɾ
к֣֮лдҲߺˮԾȥ
գëϵˮ飬˼Ӻ˿΢һЩˣȥɡ
˵תȥ
⼸Ҫʲôʲô塣кܶ޷ûʲôľٶ
ҲȷʵѪȥһۣïĴ󺣣Ҳĳƿɲȴûпʱӡ
ֻԼ࿴Ĳͬѣǳʱ뿴ʲôͬԼһ⡣
Ҳĳ죬ѡ»صǣʱһжΪõĻ䣬Ϊûпڡ
ⲻΪֻеĪôҲࡣ
صǰһһؼɻ
굽ʱͣ
Ͷ˵㣬ȥʱ䲻࣬һֱڵæ
ʱ֣üûѵǣԲԲˡ
Ծɺܳ˸ɫ߿۾΢ͷһŹ͵ķͷŻ׿ӣֳϢ
ߵǰʱԲԲͷ￴ۣҲںͶſڲϽȥˡ
ء
ЩϲԲԲôˣ
ŵĺӵݸ¿ζ㣬㳢
źӳһ£ǽ˹лл̫鷳ˣʵصشҵġ
ЦЦ鷳һĶ࣬ҺԲԲҲԲ꣬ӵ̫˷ˡ֪ζϲϲϲ´ҵʳԣʳҴҳģǰҲûۣԲԲ̫ԣҲԲûǻ
֪ĻǲصҵĽڡ
ʲô뷨ҲôתǻɴǰԿ˼
ͷûӦʲôýװЩǸǵģϴԲԲߵļʲôû
ۣллҿˡϲص
վſ˵һֱվڹ̨󾲾š
ͷɨı飬˵ʱƲסЦܿĵ
ԲԲʱߴ˴գһԴͼȡ
һ£Ͷ±ӣˣβֱֱţת̨ˡ
ͷӡ
ԲԲɵؿֿ˻ص˽űߣԴϣβȦȣ嶼Ҫȥˡ
ͷۣû˵ȥЦŵԲԲżˣˣҴȥ䡣
ãȥɣעⰲȫԲԲټ
뿪ԲԲѸǰܣһ붼ӡ
صĵĺӣ;Сģžͷǳ㣬̫˵ֻҵʳġ
һ˳Ŵܺóԡ
̾˿¸Ǻá
߹ʣΪʲô̾óԣ
ҡҡͷһ㲻ǣͦóԵġ޹»
ãȻգۣûʵ˼
ЦЦĺǰƣҲ
˿ĳֻһͷˡ
𡣡
ˣè岻̫ܳ𡣱Ǹȵˮɡ˵תȥˮ
ҡҡͷ˵û£ӹˮ
˵ָһ
ָ˲䣬һ£ˮû߬ȣֱӵ˵ϡ
ڱӺܽʵû飬ֻˮȫ˳
£ûָֻӦô
عϽͷˮǸֶˣٸ㵹һ
ԼȥԼˮ
ŵıӽ˳
ոָ˲䣬һһʧ̬ȴǣ̫ˡ
ҲģôůȣرȻı䡣
˲仹ΪԼڴ
лҪ˵ջ׷޻᳡仰дֻ԰壬Ͳ
ĸǲ

 58 

ϴ˱ӳ, Ѿˮ˿͵㵥ˡ
߹ȥվߣǽɻ˳
Ϊʲôô
Ȼ꼾¶ȵ˵㣬첢̫, ڴձһ䳤㣬ҲҪ
û̧ͷ, һߴһ߻һֱҽ˵Ӱ, ӦбĶ򡣡
شиɻ, ˲佫ԼոһƵĲ²֮Ժ
Ϊµе񾭹, ѾΪĵز
²ʵ̫ˣλҲ¡
¶ͷԼҪú÷ſһ¡ȥ߰£ȫͶ뵽ȥ
صɺ磬û뿪ǽ˳
˺ܶˣ춼Ҫȥũóгˡ
Ҫõ, ຣʡ
￿ÿҲ͹ݵƶǸֺʣƫƫһ㶼ûУвٹ˿Ͷ, з²˳
ߣҲû뿪һ˳
ҪҰæôʡ
, ˮƽԼߣÿһæ취ܵһ¡
ܱһࡣ
Ҫģо²ˣЩƺ̫ʺ±ζԿյص
ߵߣվڴʳǰڷŶʮָɫʻдСС㡣
ô±ζأ
ҡͷ̫С̫ʺƷ֣һæˣɱʹˡ
Ҳǵһο꣬ûʲô飬Դһľ;ˣֻ±ζԵ̵ľеСȻÿ춼⣬ǹ̶ĿػؾЩޣעˡ
ҪתͣӵʳƷ࣬Ӫ
ǰڼֵأֻùԼ±̫һҪܶԱѹе
̫˵㣬Ͷȥ֪ԼҪӶˡ
˹طͺ裬ЩӿˮҲ±ӣҪˣģ۸Թ󣬵ǱԼҪ㣬Ҫǵĵζïа˼ңΪ±ûУԳһ¡
꣬һزͷƽԵͷ£«һ˭뵽˵ôоݵĻؼǣĿС
ݣôóģ
Ͷʱͼˡ
ٴξԼǼ񵽱ˣֵҾˡ
һ仰
ǹʣԺסǧ
Ƭ̺һֱߵ΢΢һ㻡ȳҲ࣬ޱרע
뷨һ㳢ζΡ
á
һ̨ǰܼ˳ʦʱͣŲ˳ȥ
ǰڷ˲㣬ЩʹװţӴ򿪣ָܿӣǳʡ
ӹɱ񣬶شԱ߶ζ
Ȼû˵Ĭܿ
˳ƷʺãЩ΢ĽóԵͦóԣüͷ
ʵǲǲζ
ºͷɰģһ±֭
˻λãվԱһ˲˲ضĶв³Ĳ轲⡣
ûע⵽ԼԷж첲ĸ첲
źۼؿۣõµ
쳤ԴŹƯӣȵӺ롣
ҳ
Ҫû뵽ԵĲӣһֱۣģǳҧʲôܼӲĶһ
ջصǰĸ첲ص̣һ¡
ʶ˵ľ˵㣬Ųˣǣŵͷʼ衣
Ϻʣܺóԡ䷽ҿûϵô
ҡҡͷʲô˽䷽
֮˳ը±ӣвͬĿڸУܺóԡ
ƷһܻӭЩȫĹֻ͡һǧƺеˣû˵ʲôǶ٣ֻŷʱһЩ
ʱ䲻֪ߣȵӦʱѾҹˡ
ȻôˣǸżӰൽڡûʱʰϽߡ
ţ粽ĽŲ̱ŵֱϡ
ֺů¯һʹƤ
ұɡźͻȻ˵
һ㶣ɿֻͷ˵ʲô
ұ㡣˵һͷһֻ޴ĺèǰϴμһè̬ŵһ㡣
˵ԭǶڱϾͲ̫ˣҲ̫˵㣬׼ܾͿֻëèԼǰëڳ֣˲䵹˿
һֻè룬˭ܾܾˣ
ûè
㡭
ԥʱ䣬ſµβͬʱסԼ
βͣ޷ܵȥ
èëǳֱںƲһֻǴë治ůģе
ץá˵͵ǰһԾٶȼسǰȥ
Ͻëëƹһţèеڵʱ䲢Ƭ̹˾Ѿ˼ſڡ
èűγһԲĻȣ滬һ˳űϵë漫ˡ
ţèݣβǰһεʧ
˼㲻ҲʵèԸ
߽ңȻʧһСѾȵͷ˯š
ǵϵĴϣСƺλжӡ
ǰСߵĺ󾱽ŻѣСŤϲ
ˣԼѰɣ´ҾͰͳˡ
С߲ԸشһŲˡ
һ磬ʱо첲ϲʲôֱ̧һСûһ뿪ǲ֪ʱ˴Ҳûڴϣǲֱϣ˸رıۻ
Сû˯Ÿ첲ܿͣߣԴŬԲԲԴźڶƵ۾ֺ
Դȥôˣ
⿴ۣǸ죬ձϴûа˿ƶ䡣
춥򿪣ޱȵĿޱ泩
ϲȥҪúôڼҪܣҪϴԵҸ
С߲ܻӦʲôȥȥƬɨϸܵС
ϻƬǺɫģСƺӺܸȤβ͹Ӳ㽫Լ˸ᡣ
û۹ԲԲ۵ķӦܴ֪СʲôӦ
û뵽ۺС߲û£ǳ˷ܵؽԼƬϣԴƬϲֲ䡣
ΪԶŲ¡
ƬϾСԾβ͹ֱ۲뿪̺úСԴԼβͼ⣬ССĺ۾ϣô˯ˡ
òɴ˳ȥ
Ѿ緹ںˡ
˳к磬Էˡ
硣
˸ʦĸо൱ʼЩڴ
Էǰصؽ¶С߸
ĳƽ춼Ҫȥ죬ϲ㣬ȸ˵һ¡
Сۣܿɰ
ǰɣôСҲͷμڼ񵽵ģ֪ôˣȥ޶ߣԸ뿪һֱˡ˵
Ҫȥô
£᲻ŵ˿ͣ
ᣬʲôﶼС
ӿʼԷ
극С߹Ȼûѣû˸СһĺӵЩĶһš
˿ͶСߵĴû˿ţ൱ϲʼΪʲôƷ˳ѯôر֪֮һϸ
ϰ˵һƷ൱ټοôСһֻ
ﲻǶﻹֲˣձܴСĶܵӭ
С߱ôΧҲûѹ˯𣬷·Ǽٵһһֱѣʲôܺ棬С۾ʱ󿴿ҿ֪ܲܿ
绹й˿Сߣۻͦߣߵһ˼ʮ˵ȥúμӳ
һһܾˣȱǼʮ
СԴֲڵƬְɣƬôƣôϲô˵Ҿ͵Ĭˡ
С޴ӷǵ֡
һæµһ߿һһ߻һֱûʲô
ƷʵɹôµĹ̡
ïǸûƷĵңҪȥһ滷ĳһˮǣǱ߿Ϊɫʺӹ궼١
ҲԼ⴦һֱӷŽȥԶȥϴŷȥǶ衣ҪôæµȫáǺܺãһҪʮܴ󣬵϶Ų£Ҳܷڼ
Ҫʹþ͵أҪ³ؾ͵ٹӶԱŻ
󣬹ϷԼ뷨ֱƷ㡣
֪ô㣬ζ϶УҾҪȥһ¡
ն˲鿴еľ룬ָǵľ࣬ӽСʱ
æ߲ڣ˼Լŷȥû뵽Ÿ˵ҡͷ
Ҹһ𡣡
ˡ
һΣա֡
һΥҪϰ͹ԱԱȻΥüͷ
ǶҲĹǡ
ϵװúһֱ
˽˻ЯҲ򣬵ʱûܵ飬Ҳһֱߡ
ҺܰȫҲοһˮǲʲôȥõĵط粻ˣвٻûȥʣͲ̫ˡ
˼һʵһȥô
Ȼ굱ȻǿԵġ
ǰʳĶ࣬Խ±ζҲЩû꣬ƽʱ̫һŲùš
ȰСʱˣһȥ˵
ҲżСʱͷ뿴ôڰСʱꡣʣµϹصʱӦǲġ
ܿ죬ʮӣʮӹȥҲֻ˼˿ͶѣҲࡣ
ȵڶʮʱѾһ˶ûˡ
ϲûκνɫԾɲؿ档
Լˡ
ȻʱͻȻ˸ʮ˵Ķ飬ǵĴŴ磬һš
ھǰʱ˳ӣкõ±ζԳװһЩ±ζԳԣطƣïǶһݣԹ˵á
ߺʵ˲ע⣬ͣ½Ų˹
ζ㣬û뵽ﻹôڵʳҳףôģ
һ˳ԣҲعͷһȺ˺ܿ콫Χˮйͨ
óԣһһС
ҪȥҲ⡣
˸С
ҲվסˣϽǰæ
ȵһȺŴ뿪ŷ֣ԭʣСĹӿˡ
˵һڰСʱлˡ
Ŀɿڴ죺㣬ǲԤ֪δ
ժϵףͷһۣһصֻδܻᷢ飬׼Ȱٷ֮ʮˣԤ֪δ
ô֪ʮ⣿
Ƕ˿ԵĻȣֻ֪һʮ֮ھǰͻʱڱĽֵǣ̸г̡
֪ǲǸÿ佱һ
ԽӴԽͨˣֵʵִӦ䵽ֵطԼãƾͷҲܺܿ
ԼĪè嶼ôԵİɣ±Ҳһ޷׽
ȻԼҪŰɣߣʱ䲻ˡ
ϵţѸٳߣϷֱӳˡ
Ϸ뵽һ⣺һˮǺΣգΪʲôҵȥ
ǰڸʱûȥһˮǣǱ߾ïȻֻСʱͦƫƧ
һ㣬ǽ뺣еת㣬˱飬ҲЩʳ˵ĺڳΧǻʳ˺УҲûá
Ҳͷһ˵£ֻһǺüµ˶֪Щһһܵô˽ô
ģ
о޷
Щ˶û˵ֻз̨ϸ΢ĵε
ͷŪϵףֻһˡ
׵βͼ⹴ϵľն˴ӣһֱһֱ˼һһòˡ
Ųӣ߿Ļʾ羰
ɵò̫ߣٶҲ죬ķк泵һй̶ߵģҷɣҪײ
ڿкܶ࣬ٷ¹ʣϵϵͳڷײ֮ǰ⵽Զܿ
续һŴǰ羰ָΣһεɫ󺣣һɫĻľɽ
ſžûע⵽ʱϿգһҷԼٶ׹׹򣬾ֱǶ
ΪԷϿգ̨ĻϲûʾҲڵһʱ俴
ҷǴǴģǱ߼ΪȽķ֮˲˻ɸˣǷӦٶȻӦΣյģʽܶࡣ
Ͽյķ˲䣬˴̶ĺɫĻ羰Ͽֱð̵ķϡ
һָѸٰϲٿ̨
Ȼᣬ˵һ仰ϵͳԼһ£ֻԼܾԼ
רѧֶٿأֻʹû᲻࣬Ҳûôʵ
Զģʽгֶŷܿ
Ȼվٶȿ첻Էڶܵͬʱҷײǵβϡ
أֱӱϡ
ոջƽȵķ˲俪ʼʧתŴ󺣷׹䣬һһ
ü鲢ôң߽ǰĻ
һ߽Ʒһߴȥ׼ڹߡ
ڻζ⿪ϵİȫһ㳯
򿪿Ӧţʱһ§סųһ
һţҲͬʱ˺С
Ѹװõķģʽ޴ĳԱ֣˷ںϡ
ɫӵؿ۳ûȥķ߷ȥ
գۣЩؿסԼֿߵˡ
ƺ̫ԡ


 59 

ЩԶ, ܿȥȫĴ󺣣һۿġ
ʱһƵıը, ɸһЩˮ漫Զð˴Ũ, Ӧײǵҷˮﱬըˡ
ͷʻ㱨ô
ͷѾˡ
ô߸Ӽѵȫµй, Сϱһ
Ҫغܶ, ·Ǳһصһ, òϵԴߡ
֪ԴԼֶãֿ۽·ȥĵطͼָʾİϷȥ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôܾԽԽأԽǰٶԽ
Դڷģ̶һξ붼Ҫ֧Ųסˡ
һ£쵽ˣɣҿιȥ
׹ĵطЩ̫, պмλãûдҲû̡߻һƬܸߵ£ϳ˻ƻ̵̦޺Ͽ¿ʱֻ÷ǳ, վطͲôˡ
Ȼôȥ𿴸о뺣ܽҪӾٵΰСʱ, طҲϲ˰
ӣһˮ˻ǵȥȡ
𶯣ܿϰˡСʱھͻᵽ
ˣҿԻô̫
ҲǣԴһֱŻΣԡ
Ǹðˡ˵ţСĻסֱս
̫ӦЩţϾèӾĸ첲
ţǺܿ͵ˡ
ϻ˵һ˫УҪ䵽֮ʱˮͻȻɳһ㣬ֱı϶
Դˮ¶ͷԶԶضˣĿд̰Ͷ⡣
ϸܷ֣Щĳಢˣʲôˮ֣ª塣
ԶԶֲԣ첲ȴֻƫЩ
ô
ֻûгڣ͸оһʹǱʲôһƵģ۵ЩѪ
ǶŵһֵĽζʲôƤͽշġ
ûüϸЩͷ׹
Դĳʧˡ
Ͻȴû˿ӦܿǱոһƻ豸
ʱǾ밶߾ֻһ֮ң
ȴˮ֮ʱһֱͻȻԭΣŵϡ
£һᱣġ˵
޴èצץסǽȥָëë
˾κˣ仰̫ˣиζ˵
һᱣģһᱣ㡣
ֱ뿪ǰеһ㡣
㱼غһ
ʹգ۾Լѹ
ºܸߣǷǳ׼Ĵֱǡ
Կļ첲ʹëëһᣬڵ˺èִӾëë˱סèӡ
ſϣǰסԼһر
ëëܰȫĸо
̧ͷèұпԵͺۣƺˡ
ܿȥ
ڼ䣬ԾжڹٶȺܿ죬һζûС
ͷȥֻܿζĺˮмԴҲʲô
ȵϰ˲ʪ̦޺ˣһֱ˵ȫطͣ½Ų
ɿΪ׵ָ⣬ûй鿴Լ¾סֱϸ鿴
첲ˡ
ͷֱۣѸٱΣӸס˿ڡ
û£ûѪء
èëû壬α仯̫Ҳû壬֪˿ʲôû죬ȷʵûѪ
˿ʣǵʲô
͵Եĺ壬ѾһˮǵķΧˣƬвٺԾ
͵ԣ
ԣ½صˡ
Լ½صᲶһɫ˹
ĬĬ֪˵ǲ̻˵̡
ϵװⶫ·ܱճоڡ
ϸ鿴ֱȻһڵ㱻ˣΪȫʱûֱܵ˺
ֲһۡ
ܾøйصĶҷһһرɫʧ뿪ֱĳ죬Ҳûκδڵĺۼ
˫˼ϣʣάô
֪뵽ʲôЩã˻ŵͷԵģרά޵ĵطµԷȡʮҾͺá
źЩ´ϣŽſ
ЩûʲôϣǱغˡ
ֵûãҾ޴ķϿһڵˡ
ʵǱľ
ͷָһǣǵķײǸǧĵطײǵҷ亣˱ըû˴֪ϰʱ򱻼ֻϮˣӦܵˡ
һ󣬾ȴǻһˮǡ
뿪ȥϸ¼ʣµľ´̷¹ԭ
ǵķбô⣬ҵײǵˣҲᰴʧ⳥
ķôʲôա
ҡͷûбա
ȴͬʱ𣺡С
زͷ
͵ï򷿣͵ĳλԶһݷգֻǱһЩ
֪
һЩ߽ͣïǵķӶϸ֪ˡ
е̫ˣ˵ԼˣźۼԱŲŲһĴָ
㲻˵Ҷûע⡣
һҲûϵܱûкá
û˵ĶͷбվͺðˣȻһˮǰɣȵǻȥ
û뵽ķʽȥһˮǣҲȥ̸ʲôˡ
ǰڽϿٺ棬Ժӡ󶼺ܺãһ²֪жΣա
Ϯʲôڶľ졣
ëں׺ܻӭʱǻԵĽӣȥֲʺϵͻӸʳ
üûôҲ̫Σˡ
ǸеľкһֱкѲĴѲ飬ЩѾúܶࡣֻЩܽթѲҲⱣ쵽ˣΪοͰȫкɨжǾͷİɣµġ찲ο
ЩҲϹ£Ϲ¡
ֻҪǺռкڣ󺣲½һţһƬǵĺˮ֮£ɹ֪˶ܡ
濴޵۹ܰȫͣҸʵϸǱȲûкö٣ֻһһ
ǧɧϣط̰۸ܲϣǮ£ЩҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣƣΪ˺̵ܶ¡ָʵʼ൱ˡ
ǿ̨֮󣬺ܶ޸˲ߣһֱڻ
⼸޵۹ӿСѪ鲻ϡ
ˣָ˭ֱʡ
Щֻ֪֪Ǹλûܺࡣôһ۹ӵôôҪԵʵ̫ˣôù
䣬ܿء
һˮ滷ˮΨһŵĵطһƬ᫵ɽ͡
оͽɽ֮ϣķݸïǿǶȫͬɽʯͷͺ׵ɰʯǣÿÿĴݶǶɺǡ
һˮǵľֽһɽϣܴʯͷܿһǡ
ȥһһģһˮһ½أټһв˦β͵ĺ屻ˮȥ
ЩҲβٳ÷ǳ⣬ϸеˡ
˱һ˴μ¼Ǽ̵ʧѯ˺¡֣֮Ҳû̫ණҪʣ¼֮Ϳ뿪ˡ
ʲô㣬ǿ԰ŷǻïǡ¼ľѯʵ
ʱ䣬ѾĵӣȥҲԣˡ
ˣôеź
лл￴ʱߡ
Ǻãʲôǻ֪ܻͨҪϡѾŴˣӦýҹǻ㡣ˣסĻϾҪҪȥߡ
Ӿֳܿȥ
ڵɽͷλͦߣܽ·нһţǰɫȺɽɽ䲼͸ĽԶһƬԵĴ󺣣ϿգɫϦӵĵط洬ʻһֻֻջһɫƲʡ
΢̵ĺӭ·ĳŷ޹ңһ羰
ȥɡ˵žҪͽɽߡ
û£۵˺
ȥҽԺ
û£ûѪײһ£ͺˡҡͷܾҲôۣء
ŴƵǰٴұ㣬·ܳȥҪܾá
ĵ·ȥҲˣûܾſı
˲ԭͣèɽ·ǰܣרߴߣͱڣԲעҪȥ
սֱۡ
èë˳ŷɨϲϣһֱһС̧Դڶ峯ĿڴȥβͺסƬӣԴſٴ˯ȥ
ٶȿ죬ŰСʱҾͣһҽԺſڡ
õҩܿͺˡںȰСӳҩһġ
գ۾һ𡣡
˵ĿɲֹԼ
Ƭ̣ЭˣһҽԺ
ȥҽۣײĵطѾʼˣƤôһƬеأʵʾƤˣû˵
ҽЩҩû£ҩĦɢˡ
ҲѸ첲ȥһûƤһ顣
ҩϦѾ׹ˣƬӳɽɫ쳣׳ۡ
ͣһƬĵطһϦСҲ̧ͷ
ƬǴΣǂzϿϦӲԭ׹䣬ʱ̫ͬһͬѤߵȴҲһˡ
˻ŷڶߣ˵Щʲôֻ֣һ
ʲôһ
ͷȥҲתͷ
֪Ϊʲôܾ۾ƺе죬ϦĹ⡣
ڸ˵
ʹգ۾ûУô
ߡȥԵ㶫ɣȥ￴˾סĵطٿҸ˿˵һûˡ˵ž͵ͷϢˡ
עķüָۣ۾ԼҲôᡣ
ûвĶǲϵСߴͷƺӡ
ˣ߰ɡϢն˵
š
֪֪ļҵóԣ
Ҳ顣ʢʣĵǱߣƲС
ۣǿߣ˵Ҷˡ
̫ȫʧʣմӻɫһƬڡ
ɽһƬƬƹ⣬һֱǻڵƹ⸽ת
ڵúñһ٣ĺʹȻζԵֻŶ·ΪϲЩʳû뵽ǳֹԵĲ࣬󲿷ֶġ
θڣ
̫ŵز˲죬˳ָ˱ˮָ׼˷Ķ
ϽֹĶãԼͺˡ
Ӧ˶Լôչˡ
극˱ɢƵѰҺʵļӹꡣ
ﲻʲôγУҹЩΣգں󣬳˲ͱݣ󲿷̶ֵ½ˡһ˺ܶҶ˱ڡ
ֳ·Ҵҵģ·ʲôں׷һɨʱžʹȻ˵Ľĺء𾯲ĸ룬ûټȥȥ˱ݡ
Ҹطס
ûʲôοͣձ鶼ǿյġ
뿪䣬ҵ͹Σԣ˸߼۵ĺ׼䡣
׼䷿˯档
ƽڼҲһ£סҲûʲôϵ
·Ϊգֱӱԭ͡ɫĴèſ䴲ϣβʹڴߣʱʱζһ£һ۵ĶԴϡ
űʱèͷ£βȴкһҡһΡ
ʹסؿڣסȥһѵĳ嶯Լ˲è
Ŵë޶޷мܡ
ϴ꣬ɻ˴ϡ
ûйעţİĵط̲סն˿ۡ
Ϊ޳ٳٲѣרҾΪ̼ѹ
ûз޵Ƭȴ˺ܶܣڴԵʲô廹Դ̼
͵شӴܾԴԲˡ
ʱʵѾʼˡ
ΪϢһϳ˯ˡ
ţרһһҡͷ˵С
һעŵ˻кܶܶ࣬ϸɣ˵޲ˣ˹¼λҲܻԭȶµĴӼλ
֪ԼʲôоѾʹľˣֻľȻؿϱ֣޷޵ӡ
ҹʱ֣ʵ˵Ķί񣬻İ취ǵɫǵ˵Ѿûˣܲˡ
컨忴һҹСˣһֱȥ䵽ѣԴ۾ԣɻᣬڰοһ
˵ǲˣûо᲻ڸùһ㣿
ССС۾Ǹ΢ЦĻȡ
ԴֲڵƬ̾Ϣһ
һҹû˯ˡû뵽Ҳˣ֪ͷϡ
Էˡ
ˮԼһ£˿ڲŷ֣͵ζƽʱе
ģ
ͷг
Щж㡭лл
ˣͻȻʵ
û뵽ôֱף۾ǿ޼û˯۾еס
ûû˯á
û˵ʲôûö˸Сӹǲ֪ʱС⣬ɢζ
ƹ˵òģֱӸ˵һһ취
㶵ؿ
仰Ϊʲôô졣


 60 

ܲԾ
İƵ̶ֳô, ʼˡ
Ŷɲ
Ĵڣ
ԭʲôһʵ
֪ôͻȻʵʵؿˣ˵һȫĻ, ͦ
Ǳԣ޷Ǽ, ҵȫǣ˵껹ն˴򿪸ԼĻϡ
ӳڵԱѧϰȫС
ϻ̬ȶ̫, ˿Ծĵط
һ, ھǸ, èܶ˶ռǣмǸĳһ֧ĴҲҵԴ
ԣһжֻɺ϶ѣԼ̫ˡ
ΪʲôͻȻʡ
ԼĶͷͻȻе档
Ǹҳֵȷʵܿɣ㻹ʲôⶼֱҡ
ҡͷõǸҲŶԡ
Ĭһһֵ⣺ƭ㣿
˭ᱻƭɣ
Ļأ
̧ۿص⻹ǶⱾ϶ƭ, ʲôֱ˵˻ԼжϣǽӲܶѡ񣬶Ǳ
˼صͷ㾫̫, 극ȥ˯һ°ɣʱ仹磬żš
áûоܾ, ͷȷʵеۡ
ҲûʲôθڳԷֻС⣬˵ɻ˴ϡ
仰˵ĻԺзڡ
Լ˹ȥ޷ſͻһֱܵš
Ž£ѾûκνķֲߣѻûѣԼҲüǰ߲Ŷԡ
Ժ˯ţ첹߻ǵһΣ˯òãʱʱҲʮѡ
ײ֪ʲôʱԴϣͷ
ģôſڶͷȻе
׵ԴǰڶƵ۾³
һαӲ䵽ϣе㾪㤣ʵʴͦҲᡣ
ˣǸóˡ
ײϣŽԴĿڡ
ȥʱɳϿնˡ
˯ˣ
ţȥɣʱ䲻ˡ
ȥһˣҵģ۸ߵң㣬ʣִ㣬ûйͷС̡һҡ
˹Σϸͼ⡣
û˯ѵ˲˹
һͷôࣿ
ɻ̫ˣҲȥˡ
ǣ˵̫ˣôණһͷˣʵ̫š˾Ҳûɡ
׹˼ҡҡͷûʲô־ҲΪ׬ǮͦõġҺϲڵ
׷һҲûʲô˵ģԹⲻ˵
ҵ궼ͲҪͷӬˡֱĿĵء
ǼҵѾˣλɽ£󺣵ĵطǰ߲Զһܴͷÿ춼洬ǼҵĻǳʣƷҲߡ
ϸƷʣֿ˼ӹ̣ǻӹطܸɾûйི۾ֱӶм͵ܷ㡣
ǮǩͬӵʱҲŸյԷʱ䡣
ԷͷϢǵķѾ̳ˣ˵˾ſڡ
˲óԣֱٴǰ֡
Ҳҵˣǰرˮ˴ҹ˲ˮݣСȥ˼Ȧ޶ûޣֻܱˡ
ײǵҷҲͷԱߣ̨ըļӣһƬڡ˵û˿ء
ȥʱ˵ʬѾûκѪˣֻʣ˹Ǽܡ
֪ЩϮǵĺ壬Ļˣֱӽ˸˸ɾ
ҷ֮Ի⣬ǿϵͳʧ飬ƫ˶ֶʻû취Ծȣų¡
ݾѾȷˣǵһӣŸڼʱ棬û뵽¡
ڷΪʲôʧ飬ǣһŹѪŰϷ
߼Ѿ֪ͨˣܿͻԷʾ⳥ȫʧ
ƺΪ˴ǸϽߣֻΪ˷ڣ˻ûѾھʧ϶ʮ򣬷ǳˬظǮ
Ȼ⳥ѾˣϣλܶԴ±ܣ·Ҳϣκﴫȥ
ҲǸԵˣȻӦ
ˣҲҵˣķŷкһͬɻïǡ
ַϾɵķרŵĻյ㣬˾ڰæװʱصظ˺ѡ
ҪտԸңͺûϼ⣬üǮ
ֱҡͷܾˣҷ岻һҲûҪ
ڻˣû뵽ôۡ̾
ЩǸΣ飬Ͳᷢˡ
㡣ĸ첲һøлִһȥԼµʱͱץˡ
鷢һ仰ѿڶӦֻ㷴Ӧܿ죬ᷢ¡
ŷĶ̫󣬺ܿ쾪˸ڵ
ͷĹԲԲ˹
⻹һιݷá
ʱģŸƽղ̫ͬûд۾°һȦûйεĺ磬۵ҲЩڣͷңϴ˯ۣź㲣û˯һһ
û°ɣ
һ仰ͬʱѿڶ˵궼סˡ
صź簡ҲûлǷʲô£
Ժ·ϼ򵥽͵Ҫз»ȷúʹȥһˮǽ·ϳ¹ʣײˣ󺣱Ϯоգûʲô¡㣬ôˣ
û˵ԼЩʣ¹ˣû˰ɣ
ûһֶƣʱˡǷˡ
Ǿͺãû¾ͺáʶ԰æۡ
ЦЦѱ¡
˼ץ˰ͷҵͷ͸ˣǰʶģҲжʱûϵˡ
˵ԱԲԲһξӡ

Сߴת˸λãβͼ⹴ĲӣԴŲ߶ԲԲʱһӣ˻˻
˫߶ţԲԲëҪըˣһῴһῴСߣƨŲһ㣬Ųһ㣬Ų˽űߣŬ強Դϲˡ
ͷıëԲԲôˣ
ԲԲ͵͵ҧ˵½ǽ
ȥˣ첻ˣƽղǺϲô
ԲԲţϰγԴ⿴ۣߺٴɪɪȥ
㣬ͷӡ
ϴ͸Ļ͸оеΣավţͻȻеԲԲĸоˡ
Īѹȸֻˣһͨèôƣ
֪κθ˺뷨ߵ
ɫؿֻһЩ
㱣ǵص
ô֪ѵüһЩɤš
һע⣬ؿ˵Ļ˵ʲôʲôʱôˣ
졣ˣûнĻ˵Ѿˡ
վߣһػߵơ
Դ˺޷ӦЩϰһ̲סսȭͷ·˲ųûѣôô͡
л˵˿ܵǿҵΣ
ɻ߹ȥԶһЩ¡
ʲô£ţ俴Ǽᶨر飬Ծò̫
ｻĵһѣѸʲô˽ѣ˲ͬİ·ҲףԼûб뷨ֻͽġ
Ȼһ仰ǣҡ
ոո˵ʲô
ЩյץͷҾΣգ·˵ʲôαװģһ¡ͷ˲һݡ
նϵĸϢӳڵҪϢȫһʲôˡ
ȻദҲ쳣Ҳϱֳô򵥡
һЩ裬ûҪ˺Լ˼
ţģҿն˸ϣûʲô⡣
עãҸո˵Ҫз²ƷǵҪô
ʱãҴһˮǽ˰ƷʣµĿԽ˳ʦӹ󡣡
ЩʧصͷǺãҪ˵ˣҵС˵ѾдˣҪҪһ£
ô
㲻⴫ˡ
ܿ촫һС˵
Цŵʱúÿлл
ҪµķҲҽܣѿԴۡ
ãʱ硣
˵ϣҲûнڼԲԲѾȲ뿪ˣҧӾͽ
ӻ֣뿪ǰֿһۡ
ӭŹ⣬ܾ۾нâһšٿʱѾʲôûˡ
һɻ뿪ˡ
ȱ˷ǵµġǸ⳥Ǯ٣㹻һò͵ķ
ûҪٰæԽҲˣͳ˼š
ïҲ͸ܼҾƷĵطԱ߱Ƚϴ󣬵ƫһĵط
ԷоôҲ֪ʲôȽϺáʣϴλƼģҲȷʵͦ
û֣ʲôⶼʶȥѯԼҲûֵ
ͷͣü۶չ˿Уʺϼõܹǧ˰һʮʮ۸õɣܼAF21ܲٿϵͳѧϰܣ˹ܣȫϵܸߡïӦл
ûô˵ʲôֻãʱ˵ˡ
Щôǵôǿ㣬ҶΪˡ뿪Ц
ĶΪɲؽӲһ£Щŵսȭͷ
ҼԺãͼˡ
Цţһ仰ѿڶҲʶԺܺõˣܹĿửر
˵ʶԼ˵ɫܿ찵
ͷ˵ѡ
Ϊ˱ȽϹƧûʲôѡ
ո˵Ǹأ
̫䣺ѾûʲôˣҲǣǸİ˶ѡ
ʲô죿ĵ׷ʣƽʱĳĬԲ̫һ
˫ֱֱֽۣϣСߣǿûУԶȻȻԶ˶ѡ
˵һ仵
׷ʣ黷ûȥ
ףָһȥؽԼƳSΣ΢΢ֲڵƬָе
ͷСԴһ£ɫ
ôô棿
С˻˻ԴͬʱβͼҲ𣬱һUΡ
̲סЦ
С߻ҲһĨЦ⡣
Ľ飬˸¿˿·ïתһȦ
Ϳʼͻˣ˳ʦµĹӡִ϶˸µרӵĻˡ
һй׼ƷͿʼˣïǵľ˵ϺǱ⻹ҪԵĶһϾʹ
ڵûôӪ˿ͻֻиԶһЩżҲ·ߣ֪֮ôģ൱࣬صشǹˡ
ͷҹ裬ܶ٣ˡ
Ϊչ⣬ĳ硣
÷ٿ
æµһֱһܶ࣬˶æŲմأÿؼҵͷ˯һۣ緹ͼͶ뵽սС
æûһ˿ȥ룬ζûһ
Ҷ˸ôæµʱÿ֪䣬հ׵ĵطҲʼϰչ˺Ĵڡ
һ޴ڡ
ΪϢһᣬҵרҵƽ̨ϣǰǾеԸ໨ǮҲһṦˡ
ôææµµУٴ޵ϢǴӹ˿ͿС
˯ʮ֮˹
ʱѾûʱʱ̿뵽ҲεˣէϢʱ£ǲԾݳЦ
ͻ
Ǳ˺ܾúܾõһ˳
һֱ˺ܾãϹصŻؼңɳϵȴʱʱնˡ
ϢѾãҽԺƵûϢã˸֮󣬾ͺܿԺ
Ϲˡ
ʱһֱæ⣬ʲôŶûʵʱһֱС²ϣϴΪȷʲôʱ˹̨û뵽ų̂ӾͳͷǸλҶԷϵףֳɣĿ
£綼ڶһʱȵס
û뵽ûзֳʤ޾ˡ
һѣȫʼϢ׼ˣʱ϶Ҫһһˡ˭ܿһȷѪ꼴
ԾĮޣһеظоİ;롣
ɵعնˣ˲ǰ
ϰ˺üˣèΧȹһƮζİн˳
Էˡ
á
ƽӲŸʺ


 61 

, žͿʼ
ûȥעÿ춼ܴӸֹ˿̸һЩš
ĸʲôʲôջȨϳ, ĸ߹̰ܻɱˣвٵǱǣȥ, һʱ䵽ǹϣһһ硣
Թǵ, ֮, ⳡ³
ЩҲûз, رǴӺ˹˴ǰ˺һһֿޡ
ϧֿû˿ãһϻûзųȰԼ˽ȥ
˹λڼ鶼꾡оٳʵûж٣ȫǸֽȨı˽
λ޵۹ܰȵ, ҲΪûʲôУﲻǼС˵һʲôϵͳͳûС
֮ȷʵֹһƼ, ǴҶ԰ĹԼģûʲôҲȥˡ
޵۹±ô, Ҳֻ˲֦Ҷѣȥ᳤øïʢ
һֱ̾ǲԸʧȥ֦Ҷצ
޺ԲǸʡ͵ĵƣѺֹӵǿʵǧ괫ǻۣǻҲһܱȵù
ҲżųڹϣϧöʶҲԲ̫ףҪ
ദĸȻЩһ극͸ԻݣҲɳϣǰͶӰţǿӰĿĵ䡣
ϲĸоһʱʲôҪĵģҲù˵ʲôʲô¡
ñ£ѸҲڣıʲôһж˳Ȼ
ദʱˣ˽ͬʱҲһЩֵĵط
ԷǳԺ٣èԵ㺣һ㶼ϲͻԵ㣬ζҲ˵ơ
ЩԶ̫ܵͣɹܾҲû˿Ӧ
ż³ܶĻϸܷ֣ЩԼ˵Լ˵ġ
Щúܹ죬֪Լ̫ˣʲôϵ
ȻֵһҲ˿ЩƵĻ䣬ҲҳĽ
޴Ӱһֱһ²΢ƽϢ
ܿǰһµĹʲôζ
Ϣѡ
ŵļƣȷ˵ȡεǣ˲£ǵȸɸɾʲôⶼûĸҲΪᶨվߣûг£ְλһЩ
ˢʱһԷϢʱҲֻͣƬ̾͹ȥˡ
һԵô
˭͵ȣͦõģͯŮһԣܰ䡣
ָӷֵķ·ݣʱҲˣǲôżߴ顣
治֪㣬ȻǺܿͽˣ˵ܿСˡ
ǲ˭İ£⣬ǰһ»һˣԷܻ
ֱͦһЩΪʲô
ҳϣһֻһ£϶Ҳֻܽһ϶İ£ǿкͱ˽ϣų⣬˶ˡƼӦӡ
һʣôŽУ϶İ£
֪һ϶Ὣ͸Էλԭ͵ĵʱѾûˣѾȷİ˰ɡ
һ˲Ժը
վɻߺ˻ȥ
ͳȥˣûһǻܻȥô
ûá
סԺͷӦ֪ΪʲôûнҪȥ
ô֪Щ˰ͻȻʵ
һè壬ô֪ô
ٲؽ͵գ壬ʱǴһЩͼ沢֪
ŽɣȴžӶࡣ
˵޾ͿҪˣȻҲܡƼôǲҲбİ취Խ
ҡҡͷʾʱûУֻܷƼơ
ǳ÷ƼһЩ֢ؾǲ
һһ٣ǲ
ãȻ׵ƬӦ֪ˣΪʲôͬԼ뿪ѵǽ߸ô
ǲԤϵ׶ǺΣգǱԼһֶô
ԸԼҲƴ
ѵûʧȥ飬ȫƭģ
ֲ²ԺвͣƫƫҲκδ𰸣޲ھܳ嵽ѯʸ
˺üƽ
һжԼҲʵ˵ģҲѾиĽ취
һȥϣĬҲԽԽãй˿͵٩һԡ
ʼͲǣҲýͣôˡ
Ѿкܳһʱûˡ
һμ滹·죬ԲԲ֮ԲԲҲûҲȫ伣ؼҵʱҲκεƹ
ȥŶûӦƺڼҡ
С˵϶˴룬һƻðС˵дĺΨҲ˸ĸоһֿƵĸо
ʸϢǱߵǺܿظˡ
ڽˣҴԲԲȥһʱ䣬ȥɢɢģӦúܿȥˣ㲻õġ
ǳȥˣҲˡ
뿪ͦãʱѾСºˣ¿ʼҲֻвһʱˡ
ΪԵʣïǵοҲʼˡ
æûʱ붬Ϊ˼ɱ¿Ĺ̨͵㵥̨ڹ˿ȫȡ͸ֻҪʳĲעⲹʳľͺá
һ㣬յϢ
صԼ档
죿
ԣ뵥ģкҪҪ˵ġ
ͷһæµˣá
Ϲصʱ仹һصԷСߣ˸ڳߡ
ȥ㶫·ϲˡ
ҪҸһô
ˣҺܿϢɡ
źԳȥ
ѾںߵȺʱˡ
꼾ȥҹɳ̲һŵصƣӳյһƬѤáοںˣǳ֡
˼صȾˣ
ûУյáͷЦЦ
ԲԲǰ治Զɳ̲ϸˣβҡ൱졣
þûˣôȿ˿ڡ
ͦõģ˶࣬еæ
ɵôסһǲǣ˵żˡ
Ͻҡͷûôܣѡ
Ҳǣûŵζ
Ƕܡ
˵йҪ˵ʲô
ɫЩ֪γȥȥô
ҡͷ
ǣȥ׶ҳǣ鵽һЩ顣
Ŀڴ˯С߶˶Դ̽˲ϡ
Īо˽ţȥ鵽ʲô
ն˴򿪣ǰܿһǸһͷڷˣݸߣէһЩ񣬵ϸֺܷܶ಻ͬ׳ʵһЩ첲¡۾̣Щ
Ȼƣǣǡ
Ȼ㣬ʲô˼
ҳȷʵиèѧУǾȫһģһû뿪ǣҲûǡѾżӡһҵƵ
еһƵһӺèĸèǶëèֻСẹֻ̀èһèˣɰСŸĸת
ǼٵģһжǼٵģƭ㡣Ҳ֪ʲôʲôĿģһҪûиоʲôԾĵط
Ծʵ̫̫ˡ
˸Ƶĵط֮⣬Զģ䣬Ӳ
ǼΣëëĵطһƬӲӲ׹ںʱûǱһһ
ܲѧʱ־Ǹˣڸϵϡ

ôвԾĵطʡ
üãһô
Ҳ벻ͨĵط˵ǻˣôлһ
ȴ϶𸴣ԡֻ˽Ĳַ̫࣬ͻˣٷ֮ʮȣ֮תֻûʶٿص࣬ͨϻ˺󣬾û˵ߡֻɱͲֲƷˡ࣬Ǻпֻܾˡ֪ٿ˭ô
Ѿ׶סˣԭء
뵽ľֻһˣѹ֪ô࣬ѹôơ
ôᣬôأ
˯ʱʱ̶̿ǰûһ̴뿪ޣôͬʱٿ壿
Ҳ֪ôģͬʱٿ壿
ҲЩΪдС˵ϿһЩȴرԭ
ҲҲһĶã²˭
ֻҡͷûлش⡣
ȥˡлл˵Щ
ü㡣
ãԼУҸԲԲ˵ټڰ֣ǳѸٵ뿪ط
ȥһ·ϣĴһƬҡ
ôԼ²һʵʲôԡ
ޣô˵óôݵĻôԼġ
ǸеΣյˣ֮ǰ˵һҪҪѡеΣգѡȨϣ޵
ΪҲС
˽ľǴű˺õ
һ뵽ַ
һת־ò̫ԡ
ֵ죬Ϯʱ˻ԣϵ˫۾ġסԺԲѣֻʹ̼ЩҲǹֱġ
һԲѵôܻоٿظˣҲǼٵģôרƭϵϰô
ޣ˭ʲôĿġ
벻𰸣̲סԴڵϣоԴ˵ܡ
ͷϣСԴ£ᴥ۽գ·ڰοһ
סСߣӦôʲô֪ȥ
С̧ͷڶС۾ӡ
ûô죬ͷƵͨ
ͨʱǱѾ߳ԺţôȥôãʲôΣˣȥ㡣
עͱ顣
Ӹоǻ֮;ıЩӲҲûôƺЩ١
ģô˵ʡ
Ǹ໰ˣԹ˿͵ʱҲ̵ֻֻشôãַھǶ졣
ӣҺܿͻȥˡûʲô¡
׳ȥҸʱԶԶؾͿվ·ߵ粽ߵǰ
û򵽶
ţˣһҲˡ
ǸʳȲˣȥ׼ӹСߡ
һֱϵ׹ԹԱһ
ͷ۲ԼʱҲһһ䣬ҲһС
ƺٸԼӣҲԼ˱ԭαԼΪָܿջȥ֪ĻΪԼ
̵סԼ
Իˣѻʣû취Ĭȥ
㵽˭
лҪ˵Ǹôʧ
ӷֿƫˣԭȢȥˣұ﷢չãдڷֻ֮ǰٱȽ϶ԣѾûġ
ʵڱǸһ˼ټڴ±

 62 

ͣסŲ, ˶ţ񵱳뿪ǰһ, Ҫֲҿ
㷢ˡ˵ϲƭ, Բȷʵ
ˡ
һӾ߬, ԼӺңԶĵط
, ˭
Ǹ, ȴޱϣǸ𰸡
̧֣طԱȴûд˫۾רעؿЩϤУޣҲ򡣡
ʵʵסˣһʱ䲻֪ԼηӦźá
ôõʹ˼ľڣȫһЦЦ
ֻǺһ, ƷΧҲ·ӳյķΧ
ҡͷޣԲ򡣡
ĬΪʱԼҲ㲻
һ֤, ׶ˣҲԾе㲻̫š
֣ͷζһ㿪ʼֱ仯, ܿ죬ȫȫһ˵ӣϤİ
ޡ
壬ǻˣǼٵģҲǼٵģһжǼٵģ
޳ǰһҪһͺһֻվڵƹԵźڰе
棬Ҳ棬ıȽ磬ͽҽԺ֮ǰˣĻ֮ˡ
Ŵԣ֮ĸ飬Ҳƭң
޳ĬĸЩջҡͷ
ǡ󣬸оҲо֣տյģʲôûСסĿڣɫķ˿Ӽ¡
ʱ򣬼ȵûиоԼʲôԡ
ͣԺг֣طй˵Ļ䣬һͷ
ҪҪҪߡ
ݵĲһĻ䣬ޱߺڰĵصͼƷͼҪ
ܵӣǰһ
ǳڳôǾ⣬Ϊʲôӣ
Ѫѣ̳ȱǻۺûɳ̣زô䡣
ȫѹУڱ
ɵʲôʱȫָԼҲ
һ˲ѹ֣Ȼ򣬾Բ˵Ļ
ûҲ
ʱˣҲκλشǻԾǸĻֻи˵Ļ
Ըעһгȥֱʳ£ʱһѡĬĬ뿪
ڣô
޵ͷ֪ʱ򿴵ʱῪҲۡ
ǰһ뱧ǰһͷοģʲôǶһһ
վʲôûڵ޲˷ľӣƴջȥѿķ϶Ҳɴڣ޷
ԴһضԴ
Ծۣûôǿңʱİкب֮䡣
һжˣҲزǰˡ
ɻڽ⿪ܿ뵽һ⡣
ΪʲôҪüݣΪʲôֱӸࣿûз֣㻹ƭҶã
޵ͷµĺӣԲΪȽ׽ܡ
ŬΪΪҾܽôҵһ꣬ȵĽҶѾʼʵˣʩʩȻسǰɵһܺ棿ҵĸôƾʲô
֪Ϣֱڣһֱǿŵڿʼٴκˡ
޳ҲԸ⣬һ֣һܴǰһ
ѾʵˣҲʼˣȴͻȻ˵һֱߡ
о˱ƭŪķŭ
޲ֻ֪ҵҪ˵Щʲô侲ǵĴһ̷·崻һһ仰˵ֻظصǸ
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡
᲼ա
С᣺Ҫޡ
ޣľǱһܣ۾Ҳɬ᲻ܿƵظӿ
վǰĻڿޣһߣңԶ׶ǡ
ݻĸ˵Ļ㱨߿Զһ
һ߱һ̧ͷͿƵȻڿޡ
ߵһͣЪ
ϵˮۣºԱߵˮȻȻؽӷǰš
ϸ΢ĵδ
ڻ㱨һϵΪĿɿڴ֪룬һ仰˵ȷֿԼ㱨ݣûκθ֮
Ծڿޣȴܱ䣬ά
ֻǽейֻһͺָܿ˹
岻ǻȻҲܿޡ󿴵޸ŵᣬصע˲ƫ
һϣҲˣȫ棬ʲô
Ϊʲôô
Сǹġ
ûһȫ棬˵ʱ򣬻ϲҲһҪǣֽ»
ʱһ˽ġԼҲ˵ϣ㷢֣ǲϲֵĺá
Եصһоƺûôˣָһ
һֱ˵Բ𡣡Ťͷߡ
صʱѾˣֵôʱ䣬͹ƽ˯ʱ䣬Ѿûʲôˡ
СǰһӰһ׷ĽŲһܼô
ʱҲûʹҵҪô۹ģκεط߾ߡ˵ھͻˣص
ÿһ䶼˴̡
ԭǺģʲôʱ򶼲˵һػ
´ԲΪҵԵʣһֱΣУкܶ˶Ҫвң뽫ߣ׶ǸΣա˲£Щżܻᷴˡϣ뿪鶼֮󡣡
סŲʲôʱʼģ
һ²ŷӦʵǴʲôʱʼ˱ġ
뿪ǵһ̡ǼҵĵԱǣмĹ˿͡
̲סɴ۾ЩȻǡ
һһһֱ˼ţܹļαӸҲġ
ִűΪøжֻ
ʲôû˵첽ԺӺֱӻԼݡ
޸ĽŲһͬԺӣڹԶ֮ǰ̧ͷۡ
ֽǣһߴӰԶԶվţһֻڰëĹڵһҶ
˿һκˣסԼûз
ûٱǱ־ԵĽ𷢽ʵÿһ춼Ͽ
ô
뿪һ˻ؼңԶԶظ
û뵽Ȼޡ
һεĵ飬һж˳˳ҵ֪ˣ˳ؼûܵ˿谭
ͷ·𣬷·иڹһ
ټȥ
ѹÿʱеһëȻϹŵĶϸƺһƬۡ
ȥסԲԲԼҲûκοˡ
һֱ۾ʱ˯ţ鼫ȸӣӵͷӦ޲źá
Ժ˯˼СʱĿڣѹһҹǱ˱ڻһ
ۣ͵شӴ׵ڱһֲиĸ첲
ʱ䣬Ѿʮˣ͹˿ʱ䣬Ȼһ˯ڣγɵӶûá
Ѹٻ·ϴϾߣߵſʱһͶӰסȥ·㿪һµġ
ӣȥˣ㲻żϣٹ·Сġ
ͷ͸Ӹźüˡ
ת˸˲ǰȫϲԵġϸʵкܶ࣬ûи˵Լϲʲôɴʼڣв˶ԼϲԵģûг
ͣȥ
ʱѾٽˣӿûпʱˡ
ֵַǷüǣųܹƵĺҵĳܵ졣ñӵЬǽϷУˣһ㡣
͵Ʒǣһظʽǡ
οʻӡ
еʱʱž޴ıͻͷⳳһƽ
¿һĻҵٴƽ
Σҹһȫģǲ֪ޡ
ߵ̲·ʱûһȥҹգ·ȥ
꼾̲׷ſο;ۼںֱ̲ӱͣԶԶܿһȺȻɲӦóĶˮɳӡ
ǰÿζԶԶţ˦Ьɳߵˮߡ
ԱֻһֻССõȥˮĴ硣
ûҲһͷһ
С£ٶ㵽ĸֻСǸ
û¡ˮС˰ѣܺ档
ǰɡ
С󻶿ظˮϷ
һֱںߴ̫ͷߣƤɹ̣űʪɹɵ·ߡ
ȣ̲ѾûжˣŲɳһ
СҵԼЬ˦˦մɳߡ
ٴߵ·ڣһ̧ͷͿվ·ڵţ֪վá
ݹһëëմӱóģǳ
緹ѾˡȻȻص̬ȸǰûʲô
ĬŽëͷһ˵
ûʲôˣСϷõ緹
⻹ˣҪ±ζʣһ룬Ӧÿ꣬ʣ¡˵һӲˡ
ûбܿйĲ˳ԵˣȴԾûôӻֻһ
˵֮޾ͲٳԷˣҲȷʵҪԷ
㻹ʲôԵĿԸ˵Ҷ
һۣЩѧģ
š㣬ҳԲ±Ķ
ûӻĬĬ緹
ڽ黳£֪ɼҲвѵĿԣѡ֮Ծķʽ
ãԼβŷ֣ԼҲһ
֮䱾кܶ⣬ҲƽԸԱּˣʱͱ˺ܶ޷ܵ¡
Ŭųģкܶ覴ã˴£Ҳ̫Ϊ죬ᰴձ£ġ
û⣬ǻռŹȥ
Ѿȫ꣬Ѻжϣ˴˶Ƕĸ壬˭Ҳû취ò쵱ڡ
Էʱһֱϸϸӡ
ȵ극ȥʰꡣ
æסˣͺãúϢ
Խ٣Сǰ棬޴򿪸նˣм䡣
˵һܺÿһֱлҪô޵㿪һ棬ϸǸվ
һģ̧ۿ
ķ񻹸ǰһһϤ
޾ȻǵĹ»أǿʼɹŪŹܾ˿ͷ͵뾡취ɱʱԼΨһĹ⣬и˲ªģһҡ
ʼ󣬳һǿΰĴˣñĹⲻϨ
ɹˣڳ󣬱˳վĹǰȴ㵵ط֣ԼûлסԼĹ⣬סйâҡҡ׹
ûл꣬ǰжܰжŰѹ
վΪ۶ΪʲôҪһ磬˺úһô
ɫӵ̧ͷȥһֱעԼ
۾ָ˰ɫͷĿѣĸо
ŬǰԸٸʱô
е᣺㣬򡣡
ҡͷһˣֻˣȻʱ򣬾ͻԭѾܸоһ㿪ĺѹˣʱܿġ
ԼĿڣ档
Ѿһˡ
ﲻһ
˵ˣǶﲻһ
ſ޵˵ǲûдм䣬ܱǰˣ
͵̧ͷ˵ʲô
޳ǣǸǳЦݡ
ܱһô
û
ſֱۣûж㣬˸
޶ᣬûģЩӲ
ӵֻ˼ɿˣ޺ˣлл
˿͵ĵ˼佩Ӳգûʱ˵Щʲô
֮һ죬Ƕû̸۹κ⣬𴲳Էæµһȥһƺǰûκ
ڼҵʱ޶ԼسɢֻǸˣû˾鶯Ҳ㹻ߵرǱ˫۾עŵʱ򣬾͸Եֿˡ
ȥӲӰ졣
ƫƫ޻֪ܶϲèɫú󣬾ͱֻèſǰβĻȥ
ʵûסߣһѡ
ءèƵؽһ
ƵغˣûҪûҪ
ݺޱɳϣûӣüͷһЩܵסԼ
ûãصȥ˯ʧȥ˿ơ
һߣ޼Ҵҵشӻ뿪ԼؽңӺóһԼȥ
ЩԭΣ׳Сڵòƽ


 63 

޿ʼһЩС仯
Ļ˺ܶ, ǰĬԣڲʲôѯһԼ
ʱ, һɫĻεŭ, ŻվſڣҪ˸׵Сһ, Щ
ҿ԰ѻڼô
¶ûʲôЩͺ, ҡ
˸ƿ˲ϡ
쿪ʼ, ƿÿ춼ϲͬɫͬʻ̨䶼˲ֲͬСв֣ǳÿ
ԭļͻȻҲ˿ʻ
Ϲ϶εСֽÿһ򿪹ӣֽͻᷢһУһиедС
һοʱһֶ, ŵòĶӳȥ
оһ²ŷֽڽУ˰ֽС˦βͣٴηһߺߡ
Цһ, ǰҲС
ֽǽ϶˺ܶһ޻, ҲдǰʱһĵƬ
һǻᶯģչȥϵԼվǸ˻ķǰһЦ֡
˵ЦӭŹ⣬ȥϣ
˺һᣬǵԼжûЦˡ
֮һֱԱԼǰ£飬ġڿȻҲܽˡ
˻ɳ֪ʱҲһɳаĦܣȥͲ
ɳǰǷʵˮСʳʱʵ¡
ζˣȥûйԵζͦţڣֺֻϸϸһһȥޱ㡣
֪Щȫġ
˵мԭرĻ
ǺϲҲܻǰ򣬵ϲǺ֮ĸ顣
ȥвƫִĵط޷ӦԺܶ¡ڵ޵һҵδʧȥ˴УѵҪλԼô
޷˽ѡΪԼҲС
˲Ϊ˰Ρ
ãûôѡһַʽ
Сʱ䣬ڲ֪任˸ӣǽڻɫҲʽǰûôԺӱٳһС˵أϤСˡ
ʱ򣬿Ѿ÷Ժ˵ؽˮ
ⴱӵʱҲԺֲˣֻǵʱزʣͷ뷨
߹ȥԭɳر˺Ũҵζȴ·ûŵһݻϸͷӶڲ˵Ͻ϶մ͡
·̳䵽˼һͻȻͳʵС
㡭ֹ
СĴӲ˵߳˵ԼֵĲˣζһ
ۣˮ̫ˡ
ѵ¶Щ޴ıʣô죿
Ц£û£ãˣ´ϽˮȣϽˮˮ˵ˡ
ûЩûǣҲƽնЩ
޿ЦôҲƲߣսȭͷԼ뱧ȥĳ嶯Ͳ֪ôʼѸࡣ
ҼסˡﻹһСأûʲôֵĶô
ָһ̺ĵطʵ
˵ܴ࣬󣬵ҲС
ֻɣһǽȥ
޵ͷô֪иũóгԶȥӡ
š
ԺӸôĻӦ
Ҫʱ򣬹ص궼ƽһСʱСʱ˳ŷȥũóгٽӣοһ±Ҳǰ࣬ÿνҪᣬķǰͣиͦĲ֣ԷŲٶ
޾·ߣ߾ȷʵԶֻ˶ʮӾ͵˻С
ڽ⣬˵ǻУֱͻܻأӸߴ¿ƬƬĻۻҡ
ҲȷʵǸͻĺȥڻߵȥȰﻹҪޣҹͻҲܶࡣ
ͣ÷һǻ˿
㡣
ҹ㡣ָ࿪Żɫϸ߻Ե
ԭҹ㡣
ͷһһֱؿϹԼҲûע⵽˷֮ɫ
·ΪӣŵĻ߱߿ɻʱ˵ֺͿʱ䣬ȻһԺô
Ҳһ£ͷҡͷ
᲻ֲźܽ󡣡
ᣬް뿪Цص
£˵ʲô
ɵȫƽҲһĻȥġ
̫ûע⣬һĲ㻬
ۼֿץסСġ
˿һоץסԼȵģȵҪˡ
һʹ󣬲ȣеһ
ôһˡ
ԼĹˡ
Ŷһ֪ʲôʱȥĵģҲû׷ȥ˼ܿɿ֡
ٴǰͣھֻһָľ룬ͷЩСĵʵǣôߵͺá
ǰָָǰǴտʱտӦѾˣû뵽ﻹŻ
߹ȥҲֻҪӶѣڴûоܾ
ޱס֣ȶȵ¯һһ˺
ҪʱһŲܻ
Ҳ֪ԼЩʲôӦüģʱûȫܾ
ìܼˡ
ڵ޼ֲû޵ĮҲûɣǣɿ
ǴǰޱһΪôĴˡ
̲Ӧ
ԼһֱԹȥ¹ڻܲӦãȴַŲ²
˾ʱģʧҲġʰ𣬾ͺʱԼǸЦһ
˵ȻߵտԱʱɿ֣ﶼĺͷ£ûʲôζûϵǳ㡣
ûʲô͵ʣֻɣѾˣûȥˡ
˼¼ѩǽһ÷
ܿ˵ʱѾˣϵοͶʣ˼
˽ж£ڵæµһŻؼҡ
ްӺͻ֦ڵͷ֣̫ˣϢ
ͷԾЩû뿪
ޱҪݵĽŲ˶٣תڵȻ֣Ҳˡ
գգۣܿ˻ȥ
ԺӵĵˣֻҪӾȥ֦ٽˮʩһʾͺˡ
ֲ˶ûôֻæˮˮתݣʱ˸ƴľС
̧ͷͿСˮˮ浹Щɻ
ʲô
Ƿϡ
ҹǳǳӹԺӣܿŵһϤĵζѸٷӦ
᣿ǡ
ǻˣҲƿӶʱصشġ
֪˵ʲôãܾһжĿĵģǰƻõģݣڵദ
Ҳ̫࣬ڵ޸ӡͲǸˡ
ɫ͵ն˿µϢʱ֪Ϊʲôˣ˵᲻˷ѣҾͶռռĹ
СƿӲֻһȥʣµšøӣƿӵݵ͸㡣
˵תݣʱֶͬͬɫСƿӣƷһ
ƿӰšһ󵭵ζɫɫд˵𣬿ʲôϡ
ѪôôѪˣü
û뵽˲Цڶڲס
˵Ĳأܿͺˣõġ
ҲԼ˵ģǱˡȻܸ

һСƿӲô֪ʲôˣǿˮ
Щȫϵı۶򲻵һԵ
Ų֪ûȥǸ¡
޵ڼԷһ
⼸ܴٽֲ˿ڣʲôҩãȷʵԷһ
ֻ£һµӽˮڴտǳԺӵ졣
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Դϣβɨ۽ᡣ
ȥ˯ɣ˵ţ鱧һ£ûаţѸپ˿ˡ
ûĶݵͷ˯
ǳЧǿˣʱ䣬Ժ߾ͱдǰµ˳ƸߣҶӿ̣Ѿˡ
Ѹٳ˵ǼҶӣҲа˸ˡ
ϻʱ͸Ÿ˵ؽˮһɳоֻصʱһɡ
·һʵɳǽںϹɫĲʵƣʱ򣬾ʹ򿪵ƣſҹ
ʱ޿ն˻Աѧϰ
ȶҸѧУϣ̫࣬Ҳһֱûгɣûзѧϰ¡
޻һΣѯȻ޸ġ
ôÿζֻ˵ÿԡ˵ԼҲЩ̫˼ˡ
Ǹûʲô
úÿͿˡɫº͵ص
ԽԽЦˣüۼȥ˱ɫҲƴǰĬ˿񱻴ĥһ
ǰջѾôȴż᲻Ծ
ȻعʱͼһЦػԼ
תߣЩִٵתƻ⣺Ҽǵһû뿪ǵʱնҵģն˾ûˣа취޺ô
޵ͷԣն˸ң˸һ¾ͺˡ
ժն˷һֱĵ£ǵûôȥҲ֪ﲻ˶⣬кܶͨ˴ڣҲһ̫ˡ
ļ꣬ʶĻҲʶ˶ԴνҲõһ棬кܶûѡˡ
ǰ޳ΪܲЩʲôʱͬİ·ʲô뷨Ҳ޷ǣͻȻ¡
˵ûõ޵ĻظԽºͣϵЦ쳣ԣǰκʱҪԡ
֪ΪʲôЦЩĪü
Цʲô
һЩ
һ㶣ȻÿϦദȴҲܿס
ϣǰһκҪֱӸ˵һȥ
ûʲôܿߡ
ҲϴתǵȽϸӣһóȻ⣬˻Ϊȶءµһ˵ϰƶƻ㲻Ҫżǻؼҵġ
һ䣬ץɳ֣͵վ
ҾʶѣԼŰɡһˡ˵תݡ
޿ıӰЦԽֻǺܿ죬ЦݾЩʡ
ն޵ĺܿ죬˻
ǻ磬ڵæµһ͵ϣƽռôЩɻǩգһ򿪾Ϳ˱նˡ
ͷȥޡ
޵ͷӦÿˣԡ
˲伤Ҳ˲ˣϴͨѶȻǰûκźŵͨѶ˷ӦδϢӿ˹
ȷ˺ܶƵ㿪æ߼ֻģ˵أиݼġ
ʵ뿪Ҳżʱѣ꣬ٿЩʱ·һ֮á
ǿżȷϢȣ㻹ô
æǱ߲ŻϢʮ֣ȴʲôѺõ
˭ôõն˵ģôˣ
˲Цã⻹ȵķ˸ƵͨѶȥźŲرãڻǽͨˡ
ȿţż
ס䣺ˣˣҶ䶼Ҫˣôˣúòã
ģôܸͨѶȥն˻ʹãôϵҡ
ǣ˵Ǹٰһﶨڿ˼±ζꡣ
˵˵һܣ߳ȥƣ
겻󣬾ֻ±ζҪˣοеࡣ
ѣѵ¶Цǳŵȫɢˡ
ٴμؽۣĵô̫ˣ̫ˡҿʲôӣӺͽֵƯöˣǾѵĺúãǸ·ҲúÿҲϲôкöද
͵ǣĳԳˣ
Ŷɰۿ
´ȳʱҸֱһ𿴡
ǰһϵô̫ˣͻȻ뿪ҵˣǸһôǲǼ˽ߵģ
ߵĴæҲûиϸ˵񶼻ڵġ
ǣҲࡣն֮ǰһֱã˰æ޺ˣһŪþ͸Ͻϵˡô
ǮһƬרۣӶ˲˸Ұæڳ˼ҵۣζˡϧҲͨȻҼĸһЩ
ЦЦ˵ĳͨˣ϶̫õġ
ô֪ܲܵȵһ죬Ҳȥ
һԵġͷȥޣ͸ײˣ֪Ǳ߹۲Լá
ˣ޳ЦЦ㱾Լֿ
ͷҸӣǱߵʣף񲻶ŶǲˣҿҰѰѹأ
ŲŲԶ㣺ûУϹ˵
С
ˮܵķʽоԼݣ±ߣ֪Լ÷ֻǸȥ
Ϊѡ


 64 

ͻȻ, ˷ܵһ綼ûлص
Ҳ˹רųŷɴԭȵķӡ
ȹʱԶԶƥ˹, һ۾ͿǴҺС
ֻЩ, ϶˷Ұԣ˿Ӻ, ״
ֹǼƥ, ܹ빥, ÿɨľսġ
ǸһĻ׼ֻ
ͻȻҺСɵֻһɵؿ
ǻɭôô
ȽӿڵһֱڣûߡҰѼߵʱһ׷˺ܾ, ֮ÿǶҪ׷ʮأ̫ˡ
Ц磺Բҽѵǡ
ˣҲ̫ҳˡ
뿪, һֱУһʱɨһηӣԺӵӲݡԼ, Ҳ˹˷ӿȥ뿪ǰûʲôļҾҲڡ
ֻ·ӻԭҲȻû
ǰԺӺͷΧ̫Σ֪ǲǸıʣӲݶȱ𴦳ʢͷһֳƸߣ
ӲݵԺӣ·ֿųվԺӾͷıӰ
ллտ
Ȱڰ֣Ҳ£ݣʵ̫ˡ
ﻹʱӣʱ뿪æûд̫ණϱӻڣصڴͷ
ȥɡ
ȵϷȥĹأҸƧĽ䣬ĻǱߴĹ˰ݡ
֮࣬ûһӰ˵
㶼֪֮󣬳Ĵݣ֪Щʲô֪Ҹ㽻ã㵽ʲô⻹ǵһθ˵̬ȿˡаضҲһֱʶ˵ҪǹʣֱӾʹְˣˬЩֺòˣеϧ
߶߶ؽԣ̲סЦҸոտˣÿµķֺ춼תˣǺܽġ
϶ٻʱûֺˡȶ԰ضı˽൱͸Ŷкüͬ׷ңҶ֪ѡĸˡ
ôǽǸãֱҪ⼸©Ļȫ˵һɤӶеˡ
ҵȵȲˣ̲ס˳
ʱѾ磬̫ȵͷշ죬ǰ鷢ҵϣЦݵؿĻˣҲרע
ԶԶ̲סһ󼵶֮УϣܵõЦݵԼϣֻܿԼ
֮һĿڣеѹеŭǳԵ˺Ķһ
׵飬վƣͷһˮݵԼǰ̧ͷһ޲֪ʱ˹
ȷʵˣлͽӹˮһ
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գգۣͻȻе죬ǲǸС
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ҡҡͷ˵ûϵػû´
Լ֣޽Դ˹ȥ
ʱѾص˵ûˣģ˻ȥֻͷάźɫ
ȿ͵صɴ۾ҧԼͷ㣬ޣ㣬ô⣬⵽ôһ£
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ţûзһ䡣
ȥֹˣ˵ˡ
ȻЩδǿڵӣӦҲ˵ˣȻ޴Լߡ
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Ǹá
ãطؽصնˣΪ΢ЦЩɬ
޵ݹһëһ¡
ӹ߽ıӰ˵һлл
޽Ų˶٣ҲЦ
Ϊܸ죬ۿɼغÿ춼Ҫ˵һᣬһֹ
һãԴ޵̬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ʱҲܸ˵һᣬָ˴ǰᡣ
ڿĵͬʱٴ˼֮ġ
ЩȫΪһˡ
ף鲻֪Ҳǰַֺ
ۼ˵ķΧתַһ¡
дԣѡҪˣǵȣѾҪﱸˣºʼȼҲĴ׼ױ
һοʱ;ò̫ţǴбۣ˺ܶȼ׼ĶҲȷʵڳﱸ
ȻûйٷϢ˶ģΪ˿ʼףĺʲôӡ
мýȥɷ˵ȣҸЦݣûгȴҲûзϡ
˲ɷãֻĿڱƵ޷Ϣһ˱ƭĸо
Լ͵عնˡ
ͻȻԼ̬䵭˼Ҳ֪Լʲôطˡ
ֱʱ˹˿͵ۣȻͷȥ
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̸ۺȻʼ΢ЦɫӲһһ仰ûи˵
Ӳһֱʱ֡
޽˺ܶˣƽһһƷߵӡ
˵һ˷ѣվʲôû˵ĬĬԲˡ
ԭǸԸ⹵ͨˣеͼʱ˵ʱǰһֱôȰ򣬿ֵԼʱȴôҲˣο¡
ڵĹϵ̫΢ֳѡһʳ˿ڣڳԴһ˽ˡ
鼫õظЩˣ°Ϳԡ
˼ڱʵʲȥˣɴ¿ӵл˵
ҪһЩûҪ飬ҲûκιϵҵԶֻһ
׷Ǻɤʹһᡣ
ϲĲңӣҲ׼ٷͨϾͻᷢ
˵ʱ䣺ڡ
޴ͶͶӰ࣬Ȼٷ͵վһһüķƵˡ
ףôãȻҲˣ׷
ȻҲмףġλӵķ㲻ûλģ˺öҹ˾֮⣬ǸܲãҲɲŮòˡ
֪û޵ֱʣ⣺֮ǰ̽㡣
ֻӣжܶϢ㴫ͨҵġ
Ȼ
ڲô޴սһЩʵ
ޱصʲôʲôʱˣ
޳ǣ֮һֱЦеؿЦó극ͱȥԺӡ
Ժ¼˼ֲиĽˮ֮£Ѿһ˸ߣҶӸïʢޱȣѾл̽ͷ
ڳû˿һᱻٶȸ
÷Ҳ¼һǲ˵ģڿʼǽѩ֦ɲŸճ˸ߡ
ÿ춼ڻǰȥʣҪҪٽϣ
ã˺ܶȤȻɡ
СѾˣûԶصĻˣ˿ŸСӺ͹߶С԰ֶ
ÿҲʱһˣ˶ǳܡ
޶󣬽ժµ˷ŽСͻȻĪ˵һ䣺һһֱȡ
ûͻȻ˵ʲôŲǰŲŲ
Զ䲻ǰϲˣǲˣҵĶңҰ㣬ݸԶ䡣
ժ˵ֶס
´ǰһô۵ʱǻ඼û˵֡
ǲֻ֪ϲǳϲϲѾԽ˰ûв
ʱΪԼûеô̵ĵزҲû˵
ȵֵʱѾˣҲû˿˵ˡ
һ䣬˲ıɬ
ԲҲ㸺ҲҪӦֻ֪ڵ飬һѧᰮķʽĵطϣ㲻Ҫ
ͣã͵һ
ŲǰԺӵĵƹ⻹ҪӦˣ
ȥֻǸᣬû˵Ӧ
ˣҲѾĵˡ
Цʵ޷ƿߣȥܵӰ죬С
ȥˣȵˡ
á
Ӧ֮ƺҲû̫仯ȴڸϸ΢֮˲ͬ
޻һЩûСС⣬ﲻ֪˺ܶ豸˳ʦҲ˺üΣһܵą̃ҲٴҪ˿Ϳȫµȡ
иʱȥԼ£ȥһߣ˯һ
֪½ѧУĴ㣬صشȥϼѧУһ顣
Ҳ֪ʲôαװѧһĿΡ
У԰ȥȫϷңȥۼؿݡ
ÿһγȥǲͬĿĵأͬľϲ
ؿʼһóڴԳȥĿĵȫһҲǰδе泩
޻һжźãֻҪԼ۾ͺúܾͺá
޵Ļ˺ܶ࣬ЩϤΪһȴֲȫһ
ʱǿҵİһʧʼû취˷ֿˡ
ףޣҲֻǳˣóˣǰһ
ֿʱı˾ȷʵڹڿûôҪˡ
˵һʧȥ˼仹ʧȥ˸飬ٴβذ
ҲһҪ£ٴʱԾûԿصȥϲޡ
ȻѾȷ˶Է⣬˶ûͱһ㴰ֽҲûһ
ﻹһ˿˿ǡ
һٸȷϲԼԼʱҪҡǣżǣֺ͸żӵ֮⣬ûκǶ
ʱʱ޻᲻źۼرܿ
ܹŹ֡
ϲһȴԸ⿿ôʲôܡ
۲̽ã޶ܵԽסˡ
صңһ붼û飬Լǰ
⣬̧ͷҡԼǰ
һɻȴܹɵ£ֱַͦϥϣһСѧˣȫȻûİ
ţãգۿ

һֻ֣Ÿͱһץסյúܽ
һ޾Ϳʼͼ
ڶܣԸഥ
üͻȻͷ촽һ¡
Ȼ촽߶·һҪԾ˵һ㡣Ӳؿʼˣʼܡ
ָɤţһͳ浰
޽סˣеͰ͡
һŲϽŵţŭ˵ʣΪʲôңΪʲôǲң˵֪ƭˡ
ԥƬ̣ңȷʵһ⡣
˵
ҳԴסһƲȥ
е£ʱʱ̶̿һ𣬳ޣûи˽ӴҲûж񣬾ϸ룬Ҳ벻ֵóԴ׵ĵط
˭
ԼҲ崥㡣
ĿɿڴˣҪԼǲˣΪⲻôڲٿ塣
ңⲻһ
ʶ֪ģ֪ﲻһ
ڽӵһʼͱﵽڵĸ˵˳
㻹ȥҽɡ
ίίؿȥֶڿУͣؾ
ؿӣ˼ֺЦ
ת۾չȥ첲˰ѣҲô
޵üͷšһţ
ʲôⲻôһѡ
ȻǼٵģָл
ޱۣסԼͺˡ
ˣš
һ£˼ǲ㴰ֽƺͱˣһж·ȻȻ
޵ĺȣڽһ˵Һܿҡ
ô죿кܶҪ㡣
޲ͷԽһ¡
û˹ȥҲڿƣûʲô
Ц£ողǻ˵һ
Щطһġ
ŵһֱûзֿܰʱȴסԼֻ¯һԽԽȣķ
ûסֳ˻
ִ죬סһԴȷʵе尾
Ҫ˵ķȻǸĻȥɣȶٸĹ
޶ҲЩðЦŵðȥ˵ߡ
ͦεıӰܾǲǻʲôԼ
лҪ˵ǳ£Ƿ

 65 

һ, 뿪һϡ
µȵ˽ʮ㶼ûеȻˡ
׵Ƭ̲ס޷Ϣ˵, ֱӵĺѻαݵնˣݵĺѲûмϡ
ƽһֱӰ, ҲûҪϢʱʱ¡
Ȼ, Ǳ߲ûϢع, Ҫʱ䡣
, ˯ˡ
ȻŸ߽ݻûţԺǽʹһϤ
һš
ޡ
ԭϢΪѾſˣôţͳߡ
Ȼ˲ŸߵԺͻȻס˽ŲȻ޵Ļôܴ򲻿, ŵǶġ
ǳϵػݽѾѹ׵ó䣬÷ݹܼҴԺŵļء
վŸθˣɫͷ, ɫ԰סէһа˷
쳣ϤҲֲʲôߡ
Բޡ
žþδ, ĺ΢żЩ쿪ţһˡ
ٲұˡͨݹܼҳ˾
ôʶԼݣ˲αװ͵ڴϣӼܿʲôϣ˺һŷһ죬ܿ챻Զˡ
һ̼Ѹ٣״ûʲôԥתԺȥһһն˱˾ͬʱԡ
ǰ˵ģк߲ܶ࣬ȫ
ʱáݣΣյĸоˡ
װһˮǻ֮ˣԺһֱûٶᵽ죬գۼʹŵԺ
û˿ԥ򿪷ȥ
û뵽ӦôѸ٣ֻܵ
Ȼ˷Ҳûкܰȫܿ췢ֺ󷽸ҷ·׼һ
ٴα˾Ҳûô
ҷԺΧ֮ƽ߱ȥ
ʱѾǰҹ·ïǱ·Ư״żмҹеοʹֵûע⵽ͷϷշʲô¡
ʱ޷ʹ÷ԶģʽгֶŴĻľλãŬǱ߸ϡ
׷Ȼô˳룬ûãȻҷ
һͬΧǰϵµ·ȫµʵʵû˿·
ûлң쳣侲ıģʽһ٣ֱӳǰķײȥ
û뵽ôҪҷڿһʶܿͳһյѸٻ˳ȥ
ϣһҷϷɳֱǰȥ
ֻоһ£ƺʲôˣԭڼٵķŹֵٶҲʼ
ٿ̨棬Դ⵽ƻ뼰ʱ䡣
һ£ĿĶޣЩֻҪ׽ʣȴ֡лᡣ
ҧԴȻƻȴûһȫŷٶȼӵ󣬽źݺݳǰһײ
ǰҷûбܿҷײ졣
θŹԺݺݳǰ˦ȥסΣŷʼ׹Ĺ򣬴򿪲ȥ
ʱϾֻһװã϶첻ûдֻűģʽôֱֱ׹ȥ
ǰĵطѾ̲·û̫ཨȥҪôں̲Ҫôں
ХŴӶߴͷշ·صλá
ۼȥһֱ׷ŵļҷѸٽ俿࣬ҲŴ򿪣ݵ˴һװö׼
׼Щ˾˹ȥ
ڿҪмǲܵ£ȻգȴǶЩͼɵ
ԭΪǸͨ˶ѣû뵽ȻܼôûûץסǰЩ˶ŭҪ׽ڿⲻˡ
ͣͼߵķǰ˳һڶľ޴ǹڶ׼
Ȼһâûκζܵ
Ҳʱһâۼٶȼس˹
һ룬һĻСϤϢ˲䰲
ֻǲŸշ룬֮˷һƺߣ·˺ݺһѣȥ
ץסԼĸ첲ʵû°ɣ
û¡޵˺ܿסγշȥ
ٶȱȷ죬Ƭ̾ȫ˹Χ
¿ȥЩ˼²ΪѾʼɢˡ
Ҫܣ
޵ܲġ
˵סĶ䣬һ·ĳ쳹ʡ
ҷ˲ͷӬʼڿлײȸոջҪ󼸷֣һ㡣
ʱ٣Ҿûһײķڿбըˡ
⼸ʢ̻㣬ըƬܷɽȥ
ǰԿʱûھϷ￿󲿷Ƭ˺ûʲôԱ
˶һŵô˯оѣ׷̧ͷտȥ
ֵ˺üҷɴԮһʱж
ޱԶԶڵϡ
ǰú£ˣžЩ˿ͷȥ
ˣ޸֫ŲȥԼһ£ҪѪˡ
󱳵·Ȼ˸󶴣Ǳչһ󱳶¶˳
ԭӦð⻬ıϣͬһ˿ڣ˿ڼɼǣѪӿǳɫѪɢζ
ֻ˲侾۵òˣϵ·Ҫ
·Ÿհȥô޵ĸ첲ʡ԰岻ǻôôѪ
޵ĲӴյʹţζ
ϵζһһζŨһЩ
ǰദܾã֪ʱûκζġ
ǣѾǻˡ
ȫ󱳵˿ڣſ˫֣أҪǶһ
Ǹұϲġˣõˡ
˼룬׹󻺻̧֣Ҳرס
ޣʱôã´ˡ
鲢ûгã͸Ͻƿ
˻Ѫǿؼң˿ҪϽһ¡
һʱû뵽޵ʣӦú˲Ŷԣʲô˲ãܡ
һѽٶȼطɻ˼ҡ
ը¿϶Ҫѯϣһ㶼ˡ
֮Ͻӹ﷭ҳϴθԼͿˮִˮҩ䡣
ű𶯣Ҹҩ
ɳϣһ˺¡
޵ͷԼգգۣ͵͵ŲΣ˸չʾĵĽơ
ûעô࣬Сĵˮ˲˿ΧὫͿˮȥŲѪŴɴ
۲ۣ
޼΢΢£ɤƵصۡ
Ƶǰϵɴ޵ͷܳܳʱ򻹳һִǰ
һֳɴһȥͷÿǰŵĶȫ¶˳
ޱߺܶ࣬һ׾ңԱδ꣬Ҳû٣ټʱˣ߸պþ͸ĳƽͷһÿλþֻвһƿ
κ󣬻һĳЩطҲ١
ƤһֱܰףɫƤϸͻأ
ֻԼûŲҲ֪ǽŻôģ˿ڿˮ
޿ӣ΢΢ͦأ˼ľ˵㡣
ͺܿ췴ӦϽҡͷͼһ£ɴƵ󣬾ôڱѵֱΧȦûת
Щź졣
˿ںѯ
Щ˶˭ģ
ûش⣬ֽ̧ԼԼϣһ䡣
̾һֱԺеĿһڻΪʵ
˹Ҳǲ
λߵĴӣʱ޵ж˳׻Ѿʼֶˡ
£һһֱ㣬˭Ҳ˺ֺް˵
ͷǰһûб
ͷš
۾ӵʱŷԼжֽĸоҲڷ˺ͻ˵
޵ĻԾģϤҲоĵĵط
ֻǣűţԭӦñƤȻֿʼ΢΢
ɻ̧ͷͼɫЩѿüһǳǳ壬ڼʲôһɫҲǰѿࡣ
һӦ˿ڳˣϽļҪﲻǲ˿ڷˣôô죬ĿˮѵǷ̫ʧЧˣ
ЩЦãץסû
ǣ𶯣ұһ¾ͺˡ
˿ﲻôộ
ԾɲĵҪȥ鿴˿ڣһͻȻסˣ߻ơ
ʲô̶ϣոջûеġ
ܿ췴ӦʲôҲӦô¡ǳѸٵͷʼð̡
޵ͳǸҿƲס
ҶҲ̧ͷȥԴôͷһֿͣͷֵ㡣
ðˡ

һ£ɿ֡
һ߸ߣ˰˰Լؽ˷䡣
ʧάӵƼջ֣ҲԼҡ
Żã״ֱױƬԼͼ¡
ôԴС߹˹βͣ˻˻
ؿڣƽһЩףָƬβͼ⸽
һ֪С߻ĸߣ
ǸоĶβͼڿйŬɽᣬͼסķ
һƳ仹ǿһߡ
ԭҲǹߡ
һ£Ͻն˲˲飬˻ŷ֣ԭ⼸ߵķڡ
Ȼ߸һǶк֮ܶǲҲһ
һ뵽̲סˡ
ǰһʱ§§ף˯ͬһŴҲûٽһʱûȫ꣬Ҳ֪ô˶Ĭû
ڲһȫ죬ֵ˷ڣҲѾһӱܣЩˡ
ڵնһᷢڵ£±ˣҲкܶ˻ѭﱾַܳڣΪ˲ӰоƼֶ
ֻƼ޷ʹãѹ̫öʲôûʲôôɲвǲƼాҲ岻ãϾѹʹ࣬ڡ
˵˵ȥʱڵʱֻ˳Ӧܡܶ๫˾רΪԱŷڣȻһҲֻʹһΡ
˴Ȼһ׼Ҳ⡣
˵һõ飬ûʲôԵġ
ͺ˾ˡ
ոոܵģ˸£͵شӵ˴ϣڴϹ˼Ȧ
һȥ˺üΣΰѼ׶һ
ۿ컨壬ͻȻһ¡
֮ǰһʱ䣬ĻͻȻụ̀²Ϊ趨ΪķѾ˺һʱ䣬Ӱ쵽˻塣
ûⷽţ֪жܣ϶ùˡ
ţǰǻá
Ϸֿû˼ٳȥ޷ϢҲûءҲ֪ôѵһֱţ
ĶűһᣬûʲôûˣҲŵĸЧ̫
һֱ׵飬׼ȥ˯һᣬɾҪϷʱͻȻһ˿ϸ΢Ķ
ʲôˤ˵ϣҹԵ޹ôж
תȥţһҲûӦ
üҽˡ
ķӣĸ䶼ס÷ݹܼҿţһסˡ
ֻӵһ׳ĽɫС廹ڲԾŤţβ˦ϣһҡ
էһԺв֪ôľ˰ߴɿһߵΣε׵ͷϽǰסޡ
ڲʱСͽסˣβҲ˦
ּѵص
ڵϱסСԴôôǲǷڣ
һν뿴λճʱʱû۶þͷֿˣûпľģ
Ͽĺƣͨȴ˾סƬȥرʯһС
ſϥ۾ҴƼܿͺˡ
ʣжˣ֮ǰǸһֱǲƭҵģʱͽ뷢˰ɣǲһֱڴƼ
С̧ͷɫ۾Щ˦β͡
ǣԲƭ㡣һܡ
Ϊʲôң
޳ĬƬ̺Ҳ㵣ģҲϣԸΪͬȲѡ
ѹƵͻƷһ㸴գϲ⼵ʣͬʱҲʲôлûʧ
³ˣҲǰһٴ뿪Լ᲻ҪԼ
ֻҲͬʱǿҵǸκۡ
֪ĲΪԼְƿġ
ͬʱҲݰӦҲǱǿȡΪ۶ҪİϣĸԸȥܺܡ
Ƽãܿˡ
Ծϥϣͷɫͷ̿һأŲ԰׵ָѪɫ촽죬ýľ
ħһҡҡͷϣûںС
Ȳѡ


 66 

ٴʱ, ʱѾӽˡ
˸ֻоۣûһ, ֪ܵȥˡ
Ӵ𣬴Զ, ڴϣһ׹, ŵӿ, ̲סִ˸Ƿ
޵ķ, ҹ˯û뿪ʱײڣҲڡ
ﲻ֪ʲôʱʰˣһҳûС
Ϸ£̲ססʱ޵ӿƣʲôûֱϴˡ
ʵûнеһͷסˡ
ʲôû׼, ôʣҲôʵ
ڽ֮ǰʽΪ֮ǰԼ͡
ֻĿﵽðʹ, ߣ¸մȥƼʧЧˡ
취ĸ첲ȶᡣ
̫Ҳʲô¡
һ뵽Ҫߵһ, ʹһ´
ڴϹȦٴ£ϸѾǵˡ
ûһھܾȴҲûӦô
ã
ʮ֮ڡ
ҡͷ̫ˣ졣
ʮ졣
ּۻһ㣬˶ʮ˼ڡ
ܻһݣͺԥʹӦ
ɳΪҪеξ̫ˣǵ۹Ĺ壬ûнܹĽҲκ罻͹ءóȻվȥΪʸ֮ģҲ޶
Ǹµεˣֻƽ򵥵׷ʲôңҲûǸ
뷨ȫܲµ֪Ը񣬱֪ڵʲôһᰲźһеġ㲻ϲЩһμ̳ˣλǾ뿪׶ǣȥκҪȥĵطӡʱ಻ꡣ
˵ܾѵԶΪһѾȥǧˣĴ飬ڵ۹ãô뿪ǶڶҲ𡣡
Ҫֻһܴõ۹ҡֻҪ㲻Ҳûйϵ޽͵
ҡͷҿһ°ɡ
á
ӻлع·ţ̤żŵһζ
ѾںͣŸ߸ߵβɫСΧȹæµСϣ̽Դ
عͷ˲ųһõЦݣˣԷûоﲻ
˵ŷ׸ϽɹûзӦ˾͵Сĵؽϣ۽һ¡
һ³˾ȳԡ
˵ϽܻسСߴС
סף߻ϡ
ȥϱָ߹ʣھͨһϳʵ̻
߽ĺ󱳡
ɴѾûˣʵҹѾûˣƻָúܿ죬ֻʣһȦ̺ۡ
ô
Ͳˡ
ں󱳲˲䣬ĲͷԼ
ɻزͷԴͱ˴ཻ׼ѵشӱлֱ󱳡
ȵֿƿ·ͷǿ˰̴ϸϸ
彩סóڼƣ
̧ͷ·õÿһ㡣
³һѽᵽ§ٴȥ
һֱīҪطֿ
޵оҪѯ¡
ʲôˣ˻ô
ûУˡ˳ָ棬Ҫѹȥɫ˼֣ԾɴſɰСΧȹҲڸǲסǹϵơѾ˽ּȥȻǸѹ˵ǵһôˡƷĻ֣һܲ
Ÿհûӣһתʢõǰһ磬ã㳢
Ҳһ㡣
Ѿˣ˶ûȥ˵Ӧûй˿ѯʵģǵն˶ûʲôܿӵʾѾɣ綼˼ʮ
̲סʵȥˣ
ȥţ¹Ӷ˵ԱӪҵûʲô⡣˵ŴնˣڵͶӰǰ
࿪ˣʱǿĻʽ׶ΣïǵοͲ٣ſڵĶ鶼ŵʮ׿⡣
ʱһһŮһĻڵæ˿Ӳ֮
Ϲ˿ͿİԱѯΪʲôڣǲתóȥˡ
ŮЦŵĵԱϰϢʱЦޱȻ˵Ҳû˿֮У˭Ҳ벻ǻˡ
΢΢ȣǻˣе֮ǰ塣
ǷˣˣкǿѧϰӦԸ״
棺˻ʶôôһԼ棿
޷ϣҪʶǳѣҲܳɹģǣֻģѣ˾ֲܷȻĵط
һûһţ˴˸Էвˣ߳ųŴչȥһڡ
ոһ鲻Խ
ԼҲһ㶫ǰһٵÿ֪ôάסܵģĴڱѾܲѧˣҲûмᡣ
극ȥתһȦ˵Աĺܺãûֹʲôȫˡ
ͻȻûÿҪ£վڵǰЩãȻ
ǣߣҪʼˣ㲻һֱ뿴
ԼӦҪֱҲˣȥǰɣ֪Ǽʼıж𺳡
𣬷챻ˣҪȥµķ
һҲˣʵ˺һᡣ
һҪ⡣ߺ޲ƽص
޿Ц˺һ᣺ߣҴȥµġ
˵겢ûдȥĵǵһͣͣͿŵķÿҷǶ⣬ƺǶ˲ٱʯһͳ˾Ǹ
ϲĸʡ
ɻ͵۹⿴ô˵Щģ
°ͲķңģϲĸͿĸ
ɣô
˴սЩͼ淴ĶбʯƻƽһǶʵףɫ൱ÿ
̫ˣһǲҪ˵жΪаˣͷһۣ˵ԼҲЩЦ
޺Ͻطǣ۹ġ
ŶӴЦУ̫ζˣʺ󡣡
ãȻ֪Լľ仰˵ˡ
ΪҪ⣬ԼĿԾɽԼαװڶãӸӺЦˡ
˺һᣬһҿ͵İɫ
ߣˡ
֮ԳΪǣΪһﻹӵĵòǵĵطи޴ӵأĻʽ͵һӵظ
һһʱ䣬һƬ಻ǧɽɽǧû緢ɽƽһӴޱȣӵһƺŵĳֳ˵ֳںܶܶˣ־£ռظ׳ۡ
ʱҲЩط߹ʱ鲻ѣҲûôúֻҴҿһ۱뿪ˡ
￨ǵʱ򣬳ĻʽѾʼˣҲ֪ʲôʱƱ˺˳˺š
˺ܶܶ࣬˵λһ᲻֪ʲôĸ質ڶϣȻ࣬ȴûʲô˵ĸС
޽ͬһλϣ°͸ϣ˶ûôţг
ֱһգŻع̾صʲô̫ˡ
ģ㣬ĸԻĵЧ
Ȼ£㻹ǵʱһνǣͻȻ˸裬㲻ǵԼʲôҲǵʱʲô¡ô£
Ҳ߽͵ʱѾҪѵļ󣬵Ҳ֪ʶس˳Ȼȥٳ
Ҳʧɡ
̲סЦ֤ˡ
˸ûиֱȥͿƵĻʽָ֮һȥɢй䡣
ǳƷָʽССëûëģϷɵĵܵˮεģ·ȫĳﶼۼ
ǻ׵ֻͬ࣬״屶߿һֱߴգײʤţͷԷ˻˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ʲô߷ٺˣ࿿ȫʶرܿ·ھʲô
ϣԴһģһѲűԼܶ౶ͬǡ
Цãҵ޲ϣҾԽԽˡ
ǿЦû˼ûзȴ£ס׵Դſţ˸˹ȥ
˾˵ط˺ü죬ܱߵĿȫһ顣
·ȫȥ˼޽£
޵ֻ֪Ҳûκ˿ɴֱӲˡ
ɸԵվҪԡ
ʵˣͻȥ
ʱڱݶĺ׷زľɫһš޿ɳشߣĶӣͷϡ
ǴʾǳŹ֣޷κص޷ٶҲûѧһ֡
ĵӺỺڶֻо˶ƯڿһҸУǰƺиԺУ׳ղܡ
ȵͣʱ˺ܾòۡ
о˳һ׸質ʲô˼
ָĦĶ͵͵صżġ
ͷȥ
˼ôʵ
⻹Ǵϴ۹޵һѯʣûиѹԾ޷𰸡
ҿû󡣡ָûϹѧǸäʲôû취㴦黹㶪
ֽ̧ϱ˱ڻգЩ޹ؽҪġֻҪ㲻ĶԲȥûʲôҶ£ҵǱ˵ģֻҪԼͺãһжҸܡǰһֱôңҪ˵Ŀ
ȷʵһֱģ˵۹ⲢҪҪԼʲôϲ
仰˻
ҡҡͷ֪ڵʲôôҾǸȻ
ûʲôʲôĶ޲̫ȴ˵ʲô
۾һֱȻҺˡ
ȻôοҲԾɺϾ¶һһȷˣҲûлͷĻˡ
û뵽ԽһгΪĻᣬҲʵǻĵ档
˸Դ޼
ĬĬرš
£оָסиָϡ
ͷȥ޾Ȼ˸ָ
ǽָǳɫģвʯ˺һڷӦƬԼƬöָ
Ҵϡ
óһö쵽ǰ
ֱ壬˶ţ˴˶û˵ǶܴӶԷпǷݳİ⡣
ойӿס֣֣µؽöָҲȥ
޽Լǰ·Դʲô䱦һϸϸ
Ұ㡣֪Ҫ̫Ϊ㣬ܾҲܽܣֻҪߡ
ԱǿڹģѾǳˣģԱһֱš
ĵһٷŵͣɬ
и߸ϵǰȴԼŵ˱΢
ֻھѣԲʲôס޵չȥס
ͷʱԾɲñֻۣ
ס۾ۡ
ëգģµ¶ʼߣƤȾ˺ɫ
͵غһЩŽɳȥһ졣
ûӦ˾ͱڴϣ޽Ųĵسȥ
ҳȥһ¡
˲׹ô£ֻû뵽Ȼôٴε
ǶǶĹ۾ܴû߳ȥ͵س崲ϳһ߬סĸ첲
ǲǣ
ЩٵأҴƼһ¾ͺá
Ҫ
޻ͷ۾Щ죬ȴ£ܺÿ
š䷢죬ɫȴܼᶨƼиãΪá
޵ָڲˡ
׼ûµģʲôС
Ծҡͷһ϶УһûȢ㡣
̧ƣöָѾӦˣ㿴
۾˲쵽Ѫ嶼ڲֱסһɽȵ¶Ⱥܿ콫ȼ

ǴͻïǣʱѾˣεؽ⵲棬ﾲĵġ
ֻöһָܡ۾ײһ˫Ưİɫ۾˫۾֪á
СĽ
۲ۣ
ûſϣƤһоһġ
ʵôۣ˵Ҳ֣֪ˮĳЩԵʣʹȫˣֻоƣۺ˯
ۣ𶯣Ϣһᡣӱ߳ɤƵü˵ʲô۾ϵļ
޲ҶỷסŲ˸ɵĸЩ
ȵٴʱѾˣԶ貵ĵƹǿһ㡣
Լά˯ǰƣְͷʼһû
ʡ
ӣˣһûԷȻһ㶼ö
лҪ˵Orz

 67 

ΪԼ˯̫öûо, ޴ӴŷĲеʡ
ˮɤӻƣ˵һֶе
޸Ͻˮݵǰ, ֽһˮȥ˿
Ҫˡڰ֡
Ͳ͹
Ŷӣһ㶼
ޱ˵Զ, գۣЩ, ûмȥ, Ҳûٽв͡
Ϣһ¡ɳ, ģʽܿ챻һϵĴԶµĴ֡
˻ѾˣûôҪ˱ߡ
ڶԴһСģܲڡ
ѾûˣţֲŸȥ, ͸о̫ԣиط֡һҹ⻹ûͣ
޵ЩЩǴ
ޣ
ûΪ, ֲ˵Ļ΢΢ֵͦ²¡
һѡ
۾ֻס, Сһȥҵ
һĶҵЩϤĸо
ס޵ԽԽϤ㣬ǲǶˣ
˶ӣϤĸоŨ޶΢Цǣһˡ
ˣѹƵҪȫʧĸͻطΧڳɲȫȫһԼĸ顣
һԼ˵Ļͺ޲ôȥԼ
ޱϧ޲ļϵˣȻҲ˺
лл㻹Ըңлл
Ỻҹһڱʱ򣬾Ѿȫʱ鲻Խؿ
ҲЩʣľͷ·µĻҳڻҳøɾٻʱ򣬾ֻʣǳĺۼ̹Ȼˡ
ڶѾˣôôޡЦŲᡣ
ַԼϣСʱһ߿ޱЦԲ̲סԼ
ָĦüֻۣǰޣȻûˡ
á
˺ǣȴҸζ
ײ֪ĸӴȥҲûȥ
ƿףǸԴԲ𣬲㡣
Щضߣ֣ܿŲ²ˡ
ЦشһߵĴ㶼ԡ
ҪҪȥҳ޸Ͻסֱ֣Լұÿ
ĶãһᣬҲòϣȷʵ̫㣬࿴۾Ʋˡ
ҲֻñɫԻ󣬹ԹŲˡ
Ծɲ켸䣺㻹ǿ
Ӧһ²˵ԲԲ˵ϴ֮ҲûֻͨѶҲûйƺһ֮뿪ˣûдкߵϢ
ЩźϾȽѣʱԲԲҲȷʵο
ԲԲǸʲôһֱע־롣
޲ͷ֪ϲ㡣
֪оˣҲ뵢Ժͱ
Ϊң
԰Ϊ㣬ô
ŴԲ𡣡
˳ĬƬֿ̣һ෢£֮һƲȥѾûôˡ
޵⣬ȥˡ
ʱѾ뿪ļƻȸǳ
˯һҲ˾ôɳ˵һЩޱ߼ʵĻ޸˵£˵׶ЩطóԺġ
Ŵ˸Ƿ˯ˡ
ҴĹغòã
ԺĹ֣ѽܴУŵ˺һϵб磬Դ˲˹
ȥʲô
ȣҵżڡ޵
ץסĸ첲ﻹȥһܵӰأ
޽͵ǣֻҵ⣬󵽿ԽܴеͣǲֻΪҳ̫죬û׼
Ϊʲôûа취ദôõΪʲôٳҲԼڡ
ʼЩã㲻ǲԼҲй
뷨ްͷûйϵ㣬ĳط
ûû취ɱԼҲһδεķУ޷˳꣬ĵĳΪ֪ĵطҲʬǻᱻҰ޿ɴعء
üʵĹػô
ûУš
ʲôʱȥ
󡣡
ʱʰŵ⣬԰ջչԺĻݺˡ
ٵҪǰԺȥ·Ҳûʰȥãȥͻô
޼ŵӣɳ£㲻Ǳߴȥͻ
˿ûסܵԺǽȥѾҪǽڵ÷
ÿ콽ˮʩʣ÷¼Ʒɿ죬¼ïȫŸһµӣ÷Ҳǽ׼ˣѩñȽ
ԺдеҲ죬ܿ
죬ûиκ˴к˾ʹϷ˸ۿڡ
ʱڻ̫ո۵˼ˣַǷ
ʵΣȫû˻Ұ顣޻ڻ˺ܿǰ׶ǵķɴ
ⱻ˴ţȻǱ˵ĵײǶݡҲһˣ˯ʱӳȥ֮⣬һֱûߵĶҪ޴ĵݡ
ǵ׶СʱͷһַɴвסĴйһᣬ²㻹רŵֳͲǳûȹһ飬ɴ͵ˡ
׶ǱϾ޵۹ľģ䷢Ƚ̶ȲǱɱġ
ڿǿƿƻôƬκԶĳ߶̫ոʱֻԼƶ̾һ̫׳ˡ
Ϊ޴Ϊȫɵ£׶ǵ̫ո۲һħãʱߴ·
޵֡
£Ҿͺáѵüӣս֡նϸָʾ·ߣ߾С
Ϊնˣն趨һĿĵأͼƽձƽһŵĿʼ۵һͷָǰ
Ȼܡ̾ΪԼѾն˵÷
һΪ˱˽Ȩն˾ֻ߲ſԴ򿪣ȥûʲôӦġ֪һ㣬̾żͷ˳ȥ
˵һ˽˷ܿ쳯׶Ƿȥ
ǿɫ͸Ű߰ߵ̣ȥйıУĽһ
̫ո۵׶ǵһ·ϣֿһ쾰󣬷̫̫࣬ո֮绮·ߣ·ߣһʺɫĹɡ
¿ȥǴƬصĲʺ磬ʺ֮С
߿ƻøкλøеĳ˶˷ϣնڴϼˡϿܹۿһ
۳ؿеɵĶǰѹԼڲôӺҲѵܿѵһ档
ԽԽƫ·ĲʺʧҲӰ
·һƬȺɽ룬׶ִĵطôƬɽͲס
ڣһ˰ɫɽͷ佫˷¡
ȥǰóһĽɫϣʵʵ
ôҪ񣿡⡣
䣬Ǽء˵ǣ߳ȥ
һ̲ס˸£µİɫʲôϣѩһƬѩɽҲȫǱɽ
̲סϵĶ¶ı˲ͺˡ
ǣסֱ֣ĺôĵطûôˡ
ڶűȴᷢһܿ컺
Ĺڱɽ
ҡҡͷڣĻԶȥֻߡ
˷º뿪ˣһ·͵رΣ޴ĽһƬɫıɽ֮Ϸݡ
ܿڵϣԴϵĽһ¡
ұϡ
Ľǣڽע»㱵ı
ɸǰԭαʱȫһĸоצ
ñӴá࣬ǳʸС
ñӣĲſϣµƬϸܷе··˻ͷֻС
͵ظնԽɽ֮ͻȻʮ£һ˱С
ѿ·ˮһֽ͸ıɫˮ̹ǣȴʲôоոջƽƽĶܿӣһȦ͸Ȧˮ⡣
һֱ£صĺˮûʲôֲżж֣Ҳһš
֪׹˶ãԭǳɫĺˮҲûҰʱڳֳһɽͣں׵ľɽϳĬԶԶȥľĸо
֪оΪɽԭ򣬻ǺԵʡ
ٶȼسɽȥһЩܷƬɽһ޴ޱȵǡ
һֱɵӽɽͷλãٴȥ·Ƭɽɽ
ĴҲûкˮ
˷ޱΡ
ˡ
ƿͷϵñӣɻؿܣºŷɽж޴ûй⣬ȴ֪ĹԴյ͸
Ĺأ
ǣһߣֻڣǰ档
˴۵··ϲʱо޴ʯͷ࣬Щʯͷ˵ʯͷŸŴĹͷ
˵ĸоôô֣Ҵ˵Ž޶Сʵ
Ц£ʵѾĹȫòˣɽһʬ
Ȼѹֵһۿʱò̫
Ҫȥʲôط
ࡣ
ãѵĶѨǰƬ޴Ŀռ䣬ļªֻһԲ̨ӣ̨ϣһŵĽɫ࣬ûȴ˻һʵ
ģȻ
ǡǵҽܴеĵط޵ֻнܴеܽ
ǧṳ̂
ûоһ·ʲô谭ЩãȻһֱǣɿһЩ˲䣬Ͳһɾ޴ų˷ӿߡ
޷סԼΣˡ
Ȼȴͦᡣ
޸Ͻסߵǿǰذһ¡
棬ҵżҲҵİˡ
Ű˰ݣ޻£֮ʱٴйסȴų⡣
΢һȫʵҪɵоϳ˱仯˵ˡ
ԺӰ񣬾㱼俴һȴ˺ܶࡣ
壬ȫǶǧ귱Ϣưһʱֱս֣ɱѪ䣬ʣµԽԽ٣޷Ⱥв
Ϊ˽⣬忪ʼͨ飬Ȼûеõ⣬ֱʣһΪĻѪ˺ϵ̾
µµɺþڶ󣬾Ҳû֡
ֱ޾ѡ
ۣ߿һֱվˡ
Ϊ޾ֵϣɵμ־Ҳ޷ˡ
ոҿǨ
ǣõף
֪ףʲô˿ůģǰˮʱоĺ䶼һɨգ棬һǧ׶⡣
Ҵȥĵط
һ·ģΪĹһƬߵɽܿ췢Լˡ
뿪ʱҲôܵӴƸһͬ˹Ͳط
ǽͿһƬϹ۵Ľ⡣
ɽȫ˸ֽ鱦ɽߵһ
⣬ôࣿϲĶ
ϲʲôȡ޵
˼ۺܿҡͷȻ̾Щûʲô뷨
˻˺ܳʱ䴩һɽ뿪ʱһ
ĹֿܰտطҲܿע⡣
Ѹˡ
ʲô
ﶼܻж
ѵǽӳɾˣ˸Զ
޺ЦؿõûһᣬͼĵطһζӻµţһԲ
࣬Ƕ˽űߡ
һŽӽСĺɫ
Щص˵
ףˣҼǵõ۹ҲзˣǺǰ֡ѵס
üͷ΢ǣԼ򣬵ǰѾ뿪ϵ
ٴξ㵣ŵ
ŷ˵ֵΣҲ֪ôûϳȥģɫȥҲ΢΢̡
ûǽŵԶˣϵ͵̽ͷڵɲǣһβͽȥ
ڵϹ˼ȦƺסˣٴγβǳСߣǳޣײϡ
ȻǿŵõĹ֡
޽ոջĴQĵ˲䰲缦زˡ
û뵽һ˻ջûټȥ˴ŵ»صϡ
ǰ뿪ķɴ֪ʱصԭء
û⣬ǴĹͿԻ׶ǣֻٶһ
Ȱͻȥ׶Ϊ׼֣ͩչ޵
á
Ӧš֪Ϊʲô̤׶ǿʼһֱЩš
˾߲˰ɣ


 68 

³ųеķȥ, ٴοŴӿ棬ֻһɫûиʱôˡ
ǿŷ˵޻ѳ·ĸ׵Ļһסˡ
޽ֲͩ, šҲ׶ǹһ뿪۲ۣ
ô, Ĺлõףڵ״̬Ծá
Լ˵ʲô, ûû취˵, Ϊһǻ, ҲһǺ¡
׶ǲϵļȨҵģԶ붼ǵСҲ޷ݡ
ԹһУһ·Ϸȥ
Ϊ˰徻ͩ־붼ʥǻһξ롣
Ƭ羰ĵطƬͩһЩͩڴ˺ܶܶ꣬ÿһ궼ߵ߼ʡм˳פػ
ͩΧΧǽһ޷롣
ط˵󲻴, ˵СҲС
СʱطʱѾЩˡ
ȥ˵ƬطšǰΪ˽ͩʱͬʱҲ滮Ǿסĵط, ӦоУȻô궼ûз豸һֱרά
ͷ˴ǰϵ˵Ϻ, Ҳ֦ͬ˲£żʵǿҲƴǡ
׶ʱ޾֪ͨ˼£λãǰҲûʲôЩ¶½ļģҲҳϡ
ʱѾͩˡ
˵ݳȥû뵽ǿŵȴһôȥ
С˻˻ӴſβһһҪȥĴ㡣
˵ˣʱ͵һײֻ˭ûκε˭
˼ΣŪȥץסˣǾͿʼ̵ֻ̣֡
˲䣬˵ٴγ
ǿŵȴֻСһͣزȡ
ɵʱ
ۿĶָԼЩס͵ȥ
ͻȻʧȥĿ꣬˵ԭشƬ̣һ뵰һʼתȦвҶҶ˻磬ܿɴ
ĿɿڴҲҪⳡǸܺڵϵ۴ޡ
ĵط»ﳣװã˲䣬мˮѸٷ˹һڷ˵Ͽһ߽ˮ
ˮð̺;ҵ
ȻӣˮˮˣΧĻ𲻽ûн𣬷ȼյøʢˡ
һȼΧ˼֡
ողŴ̹ǵĵطھȵĻǺֱǱ죬ֲ˲ǰһҡ
û˵޾˹ȥȼյĻ棬һĵ
ԲĵʹͣԾӺҪҲȼһ㷴ӦûУָڵʹã
ڲˣҪڴνʱ򣬵͵һԾηǳ׼˺󷽵
õأڻµģ񱧸¯һ
ȷˣԼжʣһͨȻ׳⡣
ŲŲٱһ㡣
ЩεһۣܿʱЦŵҪȴŰɣӦҲҪԺȣҪġ
Ҫĵ᲻ᵷҡ
Ƭٳٲ˼Ҳáǰڻ˼ţģܿˡ
ǲػ˻Ρ
ڵ˰ѣֻҪ㲻Ǿʹ㡣
˵Сһָʾͬ⡣
˺ܿƬͩ֡
˸޴ĵݣ൱ƣ֮һֱﲻľ޵
ȥģʡ
ĥ˻ȻҪԺҲǾؼҡ
ָֻѾ뿪ķһֱ
㲻˵Ѿ뿪ϵˣȥֻʣԼˣ
ޱ飺û£ԼҲܹúܺáһ㹻ˡ
ɫһᣬûסչȥ¡
еɰ
ԼҪߣ˵Ҳ֪ô·ֱӴ˽ȥԼ
ȵĵƤϣһ
ĺڳ˹ףס͵سǰһӡ
ѵѵڷ׹䵽ϣڵϵ˼¡
һסֱۣʲô
õ൱ӲҲ˺˵ġ
޽ϸոձĵطЩίߵﲻ׼
Цã̼ƽʲôǿŵ̶㲻ϡ
ҲС
ôͻȥôûиĸѣֻʣһ
¶ζӦñ˭
޲˵ˣԴš
˵˦ϺҲ׻زȥĻڵϹһ˸佫Լ˽ȥ
ǲͻȥҲһֱĴģο⻹Ƿˣ⡣ҲЩ֪ôźá
뿪ʱǱ߻ϣΪϵ̫󣬲֮ͬ䶼ʱճʱ䲻ͬһ뿪ʱϣһʱԾǵϡ
׶ǺҲʱӦǰ磬ʱ̫Ѿӵƽȥʱֱӵϡ
ʱȻͷ˻ȥ޺̫ۣȥʥǴһٳ
ȥʥǣûгԷڶ
вǿңԼڸǰЩͬûô׸оۺ˯ߵԳЩⲢӰľʢЩ 
һ仯ƺǴӰ޽ڵ쿪ʼġ
Ĺףָ֮о͸ǿҲһЩѵһֱٳԷԭ
Ǻܾܶ
ҵطסٳ
á
֪Ŀĵʥǣλ׶λõĳУ˵۹˵Ŀ⡣
Ϊ㹻ˣʥռһңϿ£һۿ߽硣ַͷװñȱȽǣзΧʼ³ÿк϶ͣ˷
ͷȥֻ·Ƶĺΰǧףкܶסլ൱˼ǸޱȾ޴Բ壬ԲΧǽʵʵ·ػͣŷͣÿһһС
һСЩСй԰̵꣬£͸ϵͨСһ
޴ͶӰʱСǽ͵Ϣۻҡ
̾ؿţ׳۳ԼĪҲֻϲˡ
һ³֮󣬷ûȥʲôƵ꣬ͣĳһĶ㡣
ˣӭؼҡǣ
˵ǳѸٴӼرյĲŴܳಽظűߡ
ǰ·һùˣһһģһ
ոջֽʲôӵؿܣָߣվֵطҲеǼǧ׸߿գȥûˡ
ŷ֣̻൱ãһЩ׳ľΧƺϿŲ֪ʻСϪ֦ͷУǰľӳԼܿһ
ǰ֪ʵ飬էһĳּ侰羰൱Ҳ൱ľ
ķӣʡ
޵ͷǣûסװ޹һ飬֪ϲϲ
·µ·ǣͥɢߵǰ
ǽȥľʵģͿɫӱ߰ڷż׻ϸͷǿ˻ϴС
⼸˲ߴϵĵطýӵ
ЦŸݡ
ȻǱռʵ̫ˡ
ⶥֻܹļңÿһռضǧƽ⻹ľַԽϾԽ󣬶ֻжӵС
ݳޡ̾
ïǵķѾоܺˣŷʲôк˵ġ
޴ǣ֪ʱѾó˷֮һ
˵ҲűҪȻǰŲŸսȥûţȴһײһ͸ǽϡ
һ쾪ͷȥѾڵתȦˣһײεĿ
ֽ̧˽
˵ָȵ̽ط
޽ӵһԵɳϣʼιⴱӡ
Ȼط󣬵ȴ࣬ͨһĹ۾̨ͷǧεļϢ
ǧϻ˻ΣûһᣬǧҡҡλεƮͻȻƮһ
޷ɵǧ˲䰲õĸо
ҲûгԣֻЩˮǻ˸طȽ棬˯ţе㿺ܣҲƽʱ࣬ڴԽһ
˵ױӵ棬ֵ÷ڣһһҲֵòɿԭɾĿܿҲ
ȵ˳ʱСһõĲ°˯
סͷ߰ɣ̫ˡ
ǳԹ緹޾ٴγˡ
һ·˳˳ص̫ոۣ˽˷ɴǿ˽ûйɴܵ
˽˷ɴͦ޵˼Ҳ˽˷ɴ
ɴ뿪̫ոۣڲڲιۣϣԴ󣬶źಽŵĵ
쳣𶯾ʱͻȻģһըɴʼҡ
һը֮󣬽ӶӲյ״Ȼ𣬷ɴһѡ
̶ľɵӡ
͵رס˵ҲϽסȡ
ô£ʵ
ɫ£˼㡣
Ҵˡ
֮ûصڸ٣˳ô˻뽫ֱӲʱ䲼ľѾˣɻ©֮㣬ע⵽ͷϡ
ޱοģµġ
ȫշȥװ̫ߣֻǸͨˣһɴ壬ǳΣա
ըǴӲյ׷ɴʼģʱɴѾֹͣǰҵıը÷ɴǳַ϶©ûԴ֧֣Ѹʧ
оһŻԼά侲ΣﲻʲôæҲϺȡ
ȻɴѾҵıըըķ飬õװҲȫٻ
תȥҲƷ
ٶȼ죬ͷƬκвźͱ佫εػ棬ûܵ˿˺
ʱ͸ѵǽڼԿڰ嫵ǿգƸбȸոոǿһЩ
ͷ޻ŵϴǳζһ㵣ĺܿʧ
ǵʱѾȥ¥գ⿴ܿһԶȥ
ⳡըʻԱҲͬ޽Ŵһʯͷޱȡ
ڽ䱻ƻĺùȻⶫƻˣٹʮӲ⡣
ʮѾ㹻ˡ
ὫڼʻϣϺ֡һ£ܿ
ڳȥǰ֪Ƕ˭˵˾䣺
̧ͷʣͼѾһ޴Ľȥ
ɫľںֺڰһһεĿ⡣
棬ŽѸСܿҾա
ջߣӼʻϵıģʽ򿪣׺ͷ˵ȴڻ
ըֹͣɴ²պͺμƬֻпһһռ䡣
е׹ֻĿƯĳͣЪת
ܸоƬҲȥǰ޵ӰѾˣֲǰĹ㾿ֻĳǡ
һƬžʲôûУһַ·ȫĸоռࡣ
̲ס˻ůķ˵
ϣԴա
Ƭ̣ͻȻӦһ£͵ؾס׵β͡
Ϊʲôû£
ɴѾ޷ֻһߣΪʲôջж˿Ӱ죿
ݲ˼̫࣬Ȼ˼Сɴٳ
ò׼ǶһӦǾϵ
Сɴܿ쵽˿ԱߣŴ򿪣ȫװ˴
׼ǴǺˣ˷ǵûкˣ׼ͬʱһɵĴ˹
ȳֹ
ЩܿˣҲѾֵϡ
ķ˵͵һϡ
һ۹âرһһᣬһᵹͬߡ
һ׷׾ɲؿĵ
˵Ƶʹ˲֡
Ц£ܿЩβضǳ֣Ҳô׾ͷ
Ȼ˲ʹҲٿֱӳ
ٿҾô󣬱޿ɱܡ
ΣͷһֱϵСͻȻˣ͵سǰһԾɫ۾ʳɽɫƬ΢š
һֻ޶µĽǰ
ԼĪ׳һʵʵؽס
ſһϣͻƼ˷ȥ
ʱѾ׵Ƭˮôûз֣ȥʵޱƣֻΪһƬǼϸСû뵽ҲǸˡ
޾Ȼƽ̹ȻԼڣγ£ǲԶֲ׵ʵݣһֱɵɵؽһͨߡ
һ飬ʱҲѾץסܵļʻԱ
׺ܿ޻ϣĽڻСһװϡ˿
һȺ˽׷ᣬʱҲѾ˽ǰʱǻͼʵͨܺġ
ЩȫСɴϱ˳װǡ
ûȥЩӣѾޱŷ׶ǡ
ѾķɴĵҲزסڻҲһ
޴ֱӻ
ѵϵװޱؿ
׵㲻׼һ£


 69 

ޱθ, ϵĺܸɴࡣ
ǣҷߵĻˡ
Ϊʲôң
һ㣬һ㡣и, ĳһֱûҵ˵, ġ
ȭͷٵľǼٵģһ, ѵϲ𴩵ô죿˵, ҵ뷨ν, ֻҪǸ͸ͷҾͻԭ㣬һжûˣ
ҡͷüͷҾ˼
ˣʱֻߣ׽ɻԼԲܴȡֻ, ͬʱҲܱ
Լ̹׵ʱлһ̹СߵݣɵʱЩ, 侲ȫʧ
ںͺʱСߵĸҲ̹, Ҳ̹ܺ׺

ΨжԴϣʧȥǺͷִ磬ûʧҪãȴԽԽһ㡣
ݵؿֻǺ֪뿪ңҺײŰһ
΢΢̾ٳأûȫһϴǰʼնûб
ûиոôˣȴҲûǿԭ
һٶطǲܵġ
ͷˡ
޵ڻУڻеΣգĻ֮ѾĲˣҪʱ䴦ٸôҸȥ
ѾգǲǵˣҲԸʱʲô鷳ֻһ
ҪϢ
ãҴȥҡ
˵ʶȥǣһ㿪ˡ
ɫȻûټ֡
Ķֵ̫󣬼˶ˣִںµȻܿͳ߸Ϲ
˵϶ԶԶؾѾΧһȦˡȻûжĿģ̬Իһ
ʱԵޱȵޣһƽƽŮǽǵǸûбԭ£˶ˣ̲ס۾Ͷ䣬Լ˻Ρ
һҪϢ޾ȥңûǣɼӳ̶ж
ߺһȺ˾һ˽
ôζŨҶҪƲסˣԭռôǿ
ʲôݣģ
û뵽һ棬һΪǸˣûиġ
Ȼоʲô壬Ҳˡ
кܶҪʧˡ
ӦÿҪ׼˰ɣ׼ţ
ЩԱǣﻹкฺܶ𰲱ģڵģһĻûбܻ䣬˶֪ˣܹþҪˡ
籾ΪȺ޹䱻ģûãѡȻͶˡ
Ϣųȥ󣬸ְվ˲۱ըɻ󾿾Ǵðģʲôôʶġ
Ǻ޲ýʮ˴ǳ
˽ɴʱĻ˳ʱһĻͻȻȻûйɴȥǣǸߣʱ̴ɹ˻١
αըѾ޵ҡ
ŸռʶϲʿܵĶʲôӣڿҵңֻһ룬
ĹЩ鱦һϹۡʵ̫̻Իˣذ嶼޲ý̳ɡ
ŴȽǰɫģõĸ˯һһһЩϤС
ϴĶѾ׼ˡ
޴ιһһһָϴ䲻ϴƷ׼˺ܶ໤ƷƷи޴ӣ廨ŵذһѶ
Ƭֻ̣һǮǻˣЩԼܾϲ
ǰʱûǮûȥԼеǮˣҲûԼϡҲǺ⼸£Դһ£Ҳ˽ݲƷ
ȵϻҪʮЧҲ൱áѹ˾˧Ů
ȻЧü۸ҲҲֻЩ˺õá
޾Ȼ뵽׼ЩҲ֪˶ٹΡ
лл˵̬䵭ƺЩô⡣
˵ͺܺˣ˿ñŶ·仹ǱûҴ
Ҳñ￴޵ĶЩһͺܻ·
ңʡ
ԥŵ˵ͷԸסȫǰʱϮҲ֪㲻ϣסﻹŴǿԷִ˯
һ֮޾ͰᵽңͬȻֵ˻ȥ౻šһܡ
ţȥæɣ뾲һ
Ҫˡ
޽Ųٶ۵غˣʲôֺܿսЩͼѾȨޣܶط㶼ȥȥ֮ǰҪ˵һȻȫ
ĵͼָԭﲻ԰и͵ֳ
ĬĬͼͷؿϡ
޺߳ȥǰܿ顣
һߣ͵˴ϣ˵ڻ
һ£㲻ҲǼٵİɣǸҿĻġ
˵žڵϸȻʲô
Ҳ֪ܸܲо⣬ܿѣﵽ˴һǣñӸסԼ
ԺһЩʶ
֮׾ͲߣҲѾϰһʱſڲϺֱϵСߡ
Ҳ֪ǲǸӦ뷨ŷܿһСߡ
˭
˲Ϊˣ͵شӴ˵Ҳӱ˳ŵعضСߡ
֪С߲óˣԺλֻԼ
㻹ʲôʡ
û뵽ؿ˵ˣãĻ˳ҵԣΪɡ
ûôĻеͬʱСߵһ͸ĻʾͺŹܺ趨
СߵۣԸ趨ôô䡣
ԭ޳ԼĿƣ֪᲻ףֱӻԭ趨صߡ
˭ʡ
СͷڶƵ۾Ļߡܰʾ밮ˤ򡣡
ʲô
Σԣ裬飬裬¡һ˵һϽͣ
ˣ˵ˣ֪ˡΪƵô
ٿسҵĳǻڰΪĿƵİԭһȫĻش
оóȷʵûٱ޿ƣֵԱߵĻ
ڱϵ˵㣬ֳߵѡèȵȣѡֻèָһϵ趨ɫƷֻԸȵȵȵȣ͸滻װϷһ
Ȥڵϣ԰ԡ
˵ʱŷԼעٴα߸ˣЩ˵ÿײһ¡
ʱСѾĳһֻײſͳĿҧ˹
һ¿ʼܣֻһ׷һת
ǿŵٶȴܿûб׷ϣͣǰơ
ܵʱһѽˣˡ
ԹԵͣһࡣ
ԭ׵ӣ
ôãҲȫѾԷʱˣվѯҪҪ͡
ӣŷԼܶ
ǰȫоǷǳǿҵļУע⵽ʱѾǰ󱳣ھҿ顣
˵һҪԷ͸Ͻһˮ
ˮ¶΢˵㡣
˲û뿪ǰܿ˸ͶӰʾȫǲƷһˮɫζȫĲ˴̼ζ٣ողȥһļٴӿ
ʲôֱѡ񡣡˵
ǿʲôԣҲûôѡѸһȦͶӰʧŷӦԼ߰˵ˣҲˣ˶ˡ
ֹ˼ˮŶӣ֪ôͻȻôǵʱӹļ࣬Ҳû
仯̫ԽԽ֣ԼҲ㲻ˡ
벻ͨɴ಻ˣתתҺܴŸ鷿Ϳдһ㶼ñơ
̤鷿Ȼ￴ʵ飬ǽŸ߸ߵļӣϰϤ顣
ǰһ˽ȥ
಻࣬޵۹ʷ
һ·˵Ҳֻ˽һϵķչʷ֪ѾǧûϣӶݻ磬޵۹Ǹ۹Ҳ֪˶ٴ
ſţԾԣֱһ󷹲㾪ѡ
С߷ѣԷ˳Էˡ
鷿ȥʱϰ˲ˣϲ˵͵͵ۣϽ˳ȥ
ûǵѾ˶ȫע
ûִӾʹζ޷ݣÿһڶڴ̼ζ١ֻܲͣؽʳ
˵һڴһ᲻Ȥȥ
ҲûעԼ˶٣ȵͣ¿ʱԭӦñһ˽ʳѾֻʣһˣȻȫԹˡ
ӣҲǿ˶ѡ
ЩԼķһ˼ûʲôĵط
ܾǰģڲŲԵθڴ󿪡
Ҫ˵Ҳĵط룬ʱ䲻̫ԡ
극ȥߣŸڴվ˻ᣬɹ̫ƤӾЩˡ
ŹǷɻ˴ϡ
޻ʱ˯
ȻͨС֪Ծɲġ
ԭȲõҪһʱŻգΪ⼸εϮ˲ټȴ磬һ絽磬ƴͼ
ûоݺڴ߶£ס֣ؿ˯ա
˵ʱͼײѣȴһ޸вһͨ
ضǽǽ˼
ֱһ£Ƭëᵽûκθо
̾˿֪Ҫôԭ£Ǵǰ˵һһװװˡ
Ѿδ̣Ҳ޳ܵ
Ϧ£׵ĴȾһٺ죬촽ɫҲڼ
̲ס뿿һ㸲סŴ
˾ֻһָʱǽͻȻһ졣
˲˯оѣ͵ûעǰޣ˵Դһײһ
۵˻ʹסͷ
ۿȥͿſԼǰޣɫʱ֣ڸʲô
ػͷǽڣ˵µһһһرQƺȫĿ⡣
һűŲĻ˵
۲ۣҰࡣͼȥĶͷͷܿˡ
û¡ͷѾˣ۾ܿȥѾûˡ
˿죬ŷԼȻ˯ôá
Ҳûľܾȥô
ϼ˰Ҳûپܾһ˳ȥ
һ·϶ûʲôˣ˳ֳ
ܺ棬Ϊʲôֵط
ͣΪ˺׼ģΪ٣ÿһкܶԺӵʩ
˵Щʱû̫仯üҲ˿֮ɫ
ȴǰʱΣһĺӣûлЩġ
޲صʵСʱҲεģ̫ûԭ˲ʩҪȥô
˹ӴĺźͼӶ˳ȥյģֳȻҲûʲôˡ
ȻǸ׼ߣΪͱȽϴ󣬴ȥҲûʲô⡣Щͯ߿൱߿ƼҲûм
Щ棬ȥһ¡
һ߽淨һ߷ȥһҲû뿪
ЩЦݣĵʱ۾ڷһǻǳǳľѣпСС룬ɰ
ѾǧοˣһٿʱҲԾɻĶѡ
Ŀ⣬Ц΢٣֣ץסĸ첲ʹһק
һ档
£ûԥһߡ
Ϊֲͯʱźʩһ顣̫׹ƽ֮£ܿʼɰɫ
ߴ·û𣬵ʩһСʵƣһſŲɫͶӰݴӲݵƮƮкʧ
Χһ˲
̤һȦߵ壬̧˵ն˿һ
ͻȻԼն˺ܶණ
Ҳ֪ʲô취ԭңԺǵն˰һ𣬲ʲô㶼ܵһʱ俴һһҪ̹ס
̹֣˲һ
Ȩ޿Ե˵ն
ԼûٿأҲԶ˳ͷ
ܿ£Ǹ㣿
ǣѺǲ㣬ʱأ˯šҺ󣬾̲ס۲ʲôֻΡ̹Ȼȴվڷͥϵȴеˡ
֪˵ʲôˣʱΪصر˾
㻹ʲô
ϸ룬ЩҲûʲôˡȷص͵͵µͷҵϵһӵҲղ˯ŵʱʮΣ˼ķݹܼ趨Ҷҿţϴ·¹񣬸˵ǲܣԲԲβҪ㡣롭
һü˼
ѾĿɿڴȻУǱ̬ô

 70 

һֱ, û뵽ǲĲ塣
Ȼܱ˸׼ֱһһʱŷ־Ȼôࡣ
һܲʲô, ɵЩ鼯ദ, Ƥӵģʲôûʱ, Եúܿˡ
˵һ仰
㡭
֪Ǵ, Ҳ֪ŵ㡣һ̹Ȼ˵̲ס, ʱ޷Լ
ӻʱ֪ܶǲԵģҲȥˡ
ЦҸԺô
ҡͷһõĶҴͷϣҶھȥ
ȻֶԼǸԺˡ
ˣ㰮ؾͲذɣҹܲš
޲ϲν̬ȣҲνá
ǰһȥ֡ϣùĶ, ζ㲻ʱֻܶ࿴Ķ
˦һ£յúܽû˦
ԭô
İ˿ܾ;úϢ, ҲЩִĺԽԽᡣ
վû취һֱȥΪ޾Լһ
û˵, ŶӳߣҶˡ
ûԵţ˯һôãٴθоּǿҵļУоʱѾֽŷˡ
ĽŲһ¡
һѱסôˣﲻ
ص̫ˣֽŷ
ֽŷɫܲ԰ף޿ҪŻˣ弸һʯͷ
׼ˣûµģȱȥ˵һѽ𣬹˲ܣֱӷ
Ѹٻصң޽ڴϾʹ׼ʳ
ˮȳԵ档
ûسԵ˸Ȱƻˮˮ֪֣ζƻġ
ֽڻָЩɻԼĶӣоͻȻ˸޵׶һ
ûҽҸо岻̫ԾвҪϽ
ҲոյһС
ﳣפһרҵҽŶӣûͱ͵רŵ
ֶͬʱֶˮԡ
Һܴ󣬿ȸСҽԺˣҽѸپλε죬ʼȫɨ衣
ʵʱɵģԱ߾޴͸Ļϻʾ״
ͷһķɨ赽ʱȴڳ˶һ
Уң
ʱӲϱ
෢ֻҲҪóѪȷһҲ죬ôôзӦˣ˵ʼˣʮϰ궼һһӣôͱˣ
ԼĺӸĺӸоȫͬҼˣ߶ԼĶû
ڿϢɲǾʹסˡ
Ȼ˺ӣǿʼǲˬĵĺӣˬȻҲΪӿ϶Ÿһûã񶼻ûн飬ĶҪôˡ
ǵĺӡס֣ǻ̲סЦݡ
ҽףźˣռ䡣
ȥ󣬼׹ӦòϺܾˡ
̲ס˺ĺʲôСˣǳʱ򣬺ӵǸӤСԣСʱСߡ
ʵôǿǵĺܼ̳еôӻǶ
Ǹϲġ
ô࣬ʼնûӡ
¶Ҳ޹ġ
ʶΪСʱܵ˺ʲôӣϣԼĺҲ
ǰΪԭûӣѾ
޸Ұɣһչ˺ǵġѾ޵Ĵ顣
û취ٸɴܾˡ
ѹٳǰܾһȥͺѻȥˣԤйȻ档
ת۾Ŷӵ˵ҲΪأźӻǣԼҲչ˺
㶼룬ɲǼͻҰȥһ
ʲôû˵һᣬôˡصãȹҾȥڸкӣΣգҽһȥô
ûô죿ʵ
㣬λٲбˡ̬ȼᶨһֻ϶һ
һչ
޵һһӣҲ޷ٽܱˡûˡ
ҴӦ
ʲô޲̫ס
ҴӦ飬Ҳ౩¶ڹǰܶ¿Ҳûæһǡָ˵
ʱѾʲô˲ˣԺֻӦһ¡
ӦˣڴӦˣ
Цţոջŵ-ܵϿһ仨־ˡ
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һ˶ˣǲǷʲô£׷׿ķ
˷ܸȾ̲סͷҪԷ
ãȥԷȥԷ̲סɵ֡
ﷹѾˣϸµظвˣ˼еϽֲͨҽͨѶиʲôȽϺãʲôܳԣʲôɣ
ͶˣһӲ̻ʣûڸʲô
һ߸ҽѯһ߻вʢ޲ýιߡ
ȥûϷ˵ȥǰ˻ս״̬ôô罺ˡ
˵оЩϢؽԼ˴²
Ȼ֪ʳΪеĹϵҲͷſ˳ԣĵûɶǳ̫ۡ
޶ر𰮳Եˣ޼ôԶҲ֪Ϊʲô˺Ӻθڴ򿪣ѵ⺢ӽǸԻ
޺ܿΪɻ󣺡ĸҪЩʳǲһַ壬ȽࡣԲһ취
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еϢܿ촫˳ȥ
ԭ˽ͱ졣
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ÿ첻ͣسԳԳԣزû˼
֪ҲѾԼȥǵˡ
û˵޾ҲûᣬȻͬȥһֿһ졣
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С
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úÿ˲ܴʲôӶÿַͻȻ˼˿˹ĽС
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ԥãڽµͷˡȾӪïǣٴܱ߳ġ
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ԭһɽ̻Ի͵ķǽϤɫݵդСӣһΪǻصǡ
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ҽˣһˣҲҵۣκվߡͲǿˣԺΪʲô󲻳֣Ҳˡ
û뵽ôôԵͰЩжЦ
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һ˵仰ΪҪںѣȴ˵Ҫκ裬ȻȻġ
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

û, Լôٴλصǡ
⹫ϲѶ֮޾ͽ󲿷鶼Ƶ˻˷-ϣÿ, չһͣɢ
ʱ˶ûʲô֢״, ÿԵú˯屶ԭȥҲ˻
ÿԼ֮, ޾ûʲôˡ
˵Ҫ, վЩڴ, ѵôǽЩʵС
Ѿύ˽Ǽǣڲ鿴ն˵ĸϢ˸׺ܣ޵ż
ûб˿˵˽͵͵ֹ˼䣬Ȱοǲ͵͵׼׼һϲ
ֻð
ֻһֱȵʥǶ˸ʱ޻ÿ糣, ˳չмӣʱʱ̶̿һҪݵسȥʲôҲԼ
ȫռݣ, ˵Ҳûп
൱䣬ǰQ˷ܾʧˣʼ˯С
˸ͩľͷļΪ˸, յ̫Ĵ¡
˵ϲѣȥûôˣһ˯ʮСʱֻôһᣬҲ뿪ʱ򣬲֪ǲǹģһߣű߲ȥ˻ǰһ룬ַǳ׼رĻ˯ǵްӵ˱ȥ
ȻҸȴҲЩġ
ͲǸеסˣڴô꣬ÿ˯ԲԸ档
Ϊݺֲֵˣȫĳ˲˵ء
ÿ쿴֮ǲŲ˵æֻۣ䱸ȫ׵ĻˣʲôܶУؽˮʩʲգȫҪ֡
Щ˸ɻǺС
ʼ˼ǵˡ
̫ˣˡѾΪǱʶҲûнԼļҡ
޴صĵĶҲֻס˼졣
ïǡ
޵ͷãʰһ¾ͳ
Ѿһˡ
ҽÿ춼һΣԼǸССһ㳤
һ»̫СûʲôΣôӺߡ
ʱҲûʲôãСܺʹࡣ
ûнϵ죬Ҫߣʰһ˾ͽ̫ո۵˷ɴ뿪ʱûд˵̫С˯˯ܾòڡ
ҪȥˣЩ
ʱΪǵĿĵǡ
ɴ˺ܾãСʱ궫Ŷȥʱ򿪹۾档
Щɻ󣺡ϴβĸСʱ͵ôôСʱû
ްɴٶȲһһұȽʱһ㣬ȫ˾Ϣ
Ҳۡҡҡͷŵ򿪼
֪ϲֽ鼮֮޾רΪ˲顣
ѧʱڿѧУĽѧݣֱޣǸֳɵʦ
֪ɴѾʻ˽ӽ߸СʱЩƣ۾оɴЩ΢Ρ
ôˣûôǲǳʲô¹ˡ
޿ʱ䣬˿Ҫˡ
Ȼʮ֮󣬷ɴѾĿĵأ˿·ɴ
߸䳯ߡ
ʱߵͨûп˿ͣɴʱ·ɴԾûκһ˿ͣͷ·ֻһ
ɻܾò̫Ծ
ֱɻ˷ɴس⿴ȥĽŲͶסˡ
һ˸ӲݵĹϣһɫСݾԶԺǰ߲˳ãֻĸڼȦﵽʳƥΧѲߡ
ʱ·˲䱻ص˴ǰһжûиı
⣬ôǲΣ
һֱˣ޼Ȼ˽ȥȻҲٴδ
ΪȥͺٻˣԴûҪصֻȴ¿ŵ졣
ǣֳȥΣһжģǻˡ
Ļˣ
ġ
˷ܵ첽ǰȥһ˻
˺ܿ쵽⣬ǰϪĲݱˣܸߡ
ҺСǻ˷ܵرܹ쳤Ժļһ˴
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ôǻɭôˣǲûԺã
ǣֿ˿ЩĸǰһŻɫҲһƺͬһ
޿Ժｫż˳ظ
ŵߵʱߣϵѾϵ˵ϡ
뿪ôٻڲܿʲôͻ
ЩĺʢҪ޼һˡ˵ﳤˣ㿴еɣҪˮˡ˵޲Ӹɻ
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Ҳǡ
ޱˣɪһ¡
ǰһʱͻȻȵһʱ仹ΪԼڵˣҪˡ
ŵûҽͨѶڷ۵ؽþòڹ
û뵽˵Ҫǰ׼ţ֪Լ˺һڴӦ
˽ľϲ
ȻѾµԭίԾתҲһӵ˵˾лл
üЩίصһлô
Ѹһ£ڹô
촽صͷ
ϵԼԵɶֹѾ񵱳ôˣ൱صһԹȺΧˡ
ݣҲ뿪֮ǰһжڣ컹ʱסˣڲſʼ
ǽڹӴǵ䣬ĵı˵ġ
㱼侹ֻĸоƺǿŻᷢеĺ򻹸ߣСԼᡣ
򡣡
ס֣ڣôˣ
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û뵽Ȼԭ͵һ¡
ѾȥˡҲûʲôãִ
޽ӿڵܺóԡ
ȷʵ⣬Һһ˵еˡ
ȵţȥ
޺ܿ˳ΪҪʳԭ򣬳Ҳװʳġ
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Ȼһԡ
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ļ϶Ѿ˷ȰѲ˶
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ոջѹܴ˲ЦˣԼ°ͣСƽʱڼǶô񣿡
ദģʽȷʵȫ˹еǸ鶼޸аˡ
ЩصҺóԡ
ȻҪԭ
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У´Ҵȥ棬֪Ⱥȥף϶С
ǰһϲ漴ɫȥǲˣ־ʧܵģЩĿң꣬꽻-ڵʱҾһ㶼ˣҲ󡣡
֪Ľᣬܶ˶ȱݣȫε֮٣ȻɸĻԱ
Ҳ֪ôȻͷޡ
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һǵõڶμʱ׽棬ԶԶ㱻һֻҰ׷ùóҰעû뵽ӾˡΪץĳжǺѪİɡ
ţʵǹܵġЦŵ°͸ͷĥ䡣
ȻģʱһɱΪҪҰɱ
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޾ֻע˺֣ϲҵ˵һѽԼǰͶ࿴ңҪȥˡ
Ҳû˰ɡסＷ춼죬ڱԼŪЩЦ£ҳԴףҲûôϲˡ
СԲԲ˵ȣ¡ָ
죬ϻܷó
ѾǺӸˣ㡣
Զı򡣡
Цǣס޵ֳǰߣǺðɣҵı򡣡
ǵ̫ɺȣǣ޵֣һжҲޱᣬ컹ǲݵؿô˳ۡ
ߵɽߣĳηҪ۵ʱ򣬾᾵ʯͷײ壬ײѪģ
󷽵ɽܶһֱݲιȴط֣ɽΧ˽ӽ˸ߵӲݣֲ൱أϸϸƮҶ͸У߽˲ŷ֣ԭҶӲ͸ģһִŹǳɫݲһ˥ܣǳɫһƬȥ쳣
ʲôֲȥ껹ûеİɣ˭ֵģ
ΧҲûס⣬ƺҰġ
޲ӲݸɽʯҳЩɫƬ
һⶫ˳ƬȻˡ㿴ʯͷϣЩۼѪɡ
ӲεϵƬʹ޷˺ܶѪѪƶأֿãѪһͬȥط
˵ЩֲΪ޶ֵġ
úݣͽнݰɡһ
̧ժ˼ҲûôģܿһòݱСͳǰ
͸㡣
ϲؽӹݱСֿ޵ֿһ᣺᣿̫ˡ
ҪʲôҸࡣ
ٱС
εؿһۣǰ뷨ֻԲ
һһЦúϲ£졣
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ЩطޱԭαɭַȥҺСٶȼظ˺档
ƬɭֶҪմԽʱģ廹õʱΧԣ΢߶һЩվԺӾͷɭַ򣬵ȴ尲ȫ
ֻʣԼˣʼﵣ»жɭֲֶأκһֻﶼҪٺ֣ΪԴʱҪжһμӡ
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һ·߹֦Ҷͣ껩죬ϵŶʬ塱
߹ȥʱЩװĶﻹ۾۲ԶûĲˡ
ЦѣʱֻβɵĴβֱͦͦѡ
޵ָָ֣βָͣʹ궯ֻ˻ĸ첲
ƳǴβһۣɫЩԥȴ̧°ȥˡ
˿ڣŲس嵽ߣֻ͵رסĴβ͡
ﶯձ鶼ֻܴҲа˸ˣβ;͸Ӿ޴ëëȥͷŵҶ㡣
סβͺһļ˳
ԴϺܹȥʹۣøˣߴһβѸٳȥһֱܵٲˡ
źؿŴβʧصߣͼβ֪ʲôʱ˳
ûбԭΣάģֻ¶βͣʱβͻ˦˦кƵ»ζ
ѵǿruaβͳԴˣҲ̫ˡ
סԼĿڣص㣬ǣʲô
Ҫôջ
ҪҪչȥסβͣȻë׵ģƬҲβͼ⻬ģ˺þá
޵Ķ䶼ˣβҲһǱȽ-еĲλճѾܿסˣֻ䱩¶һߡ
β͵ʱԭͨͨɭ˲俪ʼ仯ǵâƮɢּ䣬һֱܵĶ³֣ͷβ϶һ޵Ļ
಻֪ɳһӡ
޴ӣһޱȻĽɫɴǰԼҪƬɭ־УʱжﶼμӡڵԼʱˣ봩ϻɴɡ
ס
Ǹһһ죬ɭйʱ˵Ļԭǵ
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ⳡɭĻ񣬱ĻҪʢλá
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ŽɫĻɴͷһűʯţʯ׹ۻŻԼڸϹۡ
Ҳ׵·ͷ϶ͬڡ
һǣһ
ǴŻվ࿴ǣɭֵ˺ɫҶͷ·һĺ̺·
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߶￪ʼңһһĸһ㣬ĺɡ
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ǰһͻɵĻȣߵ£ɭӣʼѿ۵Ҷ֦ͷʻ֦µ泤һСݣζĴ£ڿ˵ʱ˲ʧ
ǰһһٴ̵Ҷת̣ʵ֦ͷĴһƬ
һȥ쵽Ҷݻ׹䣬һ˶磬һɷվ
һѩƮ䣬ɭװع˷̲ס²ӡ
һ޾ʹǰһǰֳ˲ʧֻصɭ
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δĻǻӦسŵá
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ܽʲô£Ҳһˣамкӣʵɿĺܡ
ˣϧһӡ
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