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ݱǩ ֮ Ů 쿪 
ؼ֣ǣδ  ǣ   
==================

 1 

лŨ̾ζҡδͷѣǿƤ
İĻӳһɫ˵ľƺǰ
˳Ŷ˾Ƶֿȥǰľɫģֻǿһ˵
ͬʱһ͸ڶϱ𡪡
С㣬һһ˵۾δɨ̰Ѿ֮
δ۵ﷳ꣬ƿǰľƱȡ
ܾôĮҾ㽻ѣϲʲôˣ
δ뱻ʵòͷô˺Ƥ̧Ƥİĺöһ㶣ϲÿġ
΢۾ǿ˵ĳˣԼʮңƫ֣ǿԣ͸¶һ˿
֡
Ϊ÷˵Ҳⲻ
ֵܣƯӲӰ·һ˿ͬܣûͬĵĳЦ
˿ܾӹҲסһݺݵؿŵŮˣŮƯոƻĻ´
ǰͶͷȾƵˣƺˣǰٶ༸ȻϺȥͦ𣿴ҹھưȵͷתĻʲôŮڨװɲ˼
뵽˺αװֱҪסδ룬ǿдߡ
δȸոһ㣬ԼĶԾֻոձܾ˾Ȼץסһ£ƺҪ
һģӦ죬ݺݵ˦˶Է֣ûصһۣš
ʶô˱ɫˣ̧־һ⣬Ȼȥ
δǰԷͼ̧ţڶԷԼ֮ǰݺݵ˶ԷСȡ
߸ЬɱԶ˷δɳվ廹΢ȣЦؿȽлˣִӾļ̨ȡһƿƣžƿϸڣ΢˵ĿУƿ漤ײҺɽһСƬ˵ֱۡ
˻𣿡δ䣬˱Ƶġ
Ͼ˼ϸϸѪ˿СۣԾֵؿǰŮˣʼΪԷϵһλǣֺ˾ƣ˴ģĶ֪ϵŮ˾Ȼ
ոˤƿٶȿԿǷ˺ݵģƿԺоŮ΢ĿԼͺԴɨۣƺΪûԴ϶о
ҴҴˡ˲ߴһ¿ˮŻææصǸ
δֶϸƿڣôǱڵϵˣתȥ
߶ֵô󣬾ƿըѵ˴ưˣĿһУıӰࡣ
ڵŮװ
һֱӴˣδһ£ãؿſյĴ֣еֲԼˡ
ʱ绰𡪡
óֻ΢΢üⲻԼֻ˵ʾдŽ㡣
ԥ绰Ѿǰҹˣʱ绰϶Ǽ¡
ι
˵绰ͷٶͨͲδ룡Ķ֪ﲻȥǲû⣬ڶѾˣô绰ôӣ֪жൣ𣿡
δͱžѵԴͷ۵üģ紵ϵĸоʵΡ
ҡô𣬶ֻҲδ롣
ҡ
ĶҺھȥ㡣
ö죬δԺʯһ֣ⲻӵĽɫ
ιδ룿ոջý㻹𣿡
ڣʶػشתһ۸߳ɣ档

绰һֱûҶϣδվУǰ¡
һڻŮ䡣
֮ΪպýⲿС˵ı磬ԼݣŮԼ߳޾ưɡ
δļǳĺãֻһ飬ԼҪݵŮֵĵصͳͳԺ޾ưɾһ
С˵׹ѪҺŮŮСȴΪͥԵûֱ׵ľܾŮȦϧŮȦǺպĻƿֻòȦطȱľˣѹ
ӦŮ飬Ůʧȥưʱ
鵽ĺЦδ뿴εʱ򣬾ЩУΪŮڻŮʧ죬ƱİĶ˴ȥȻ˻.գպǱŮ䳹ױȫڣʳ԰ַ֮ܶǳҡ
Ҫ֪ŮԭܸͥԣΪȦƽʱдĽҲܺãһ漰йص飬û
ΪǣüŮ¥
ں˼ʱһſͣǰŴ򿪣һλƯŮ߳üž뵡δȴºͶϧġ
δ룬ؼˡ
δûиĸ仰ȴĪһǵĸоʶرԷǣ
˾һλˣʻһλͬˣͷδҲεġ
Ժȥԣǵ绰һҪӣ赽ڻû˯ڵȥܱܿýʧصԭҲûָԷظ
ɳƵӺ𡪡
Ժ󲻻ôˡ
õɤǳ۵رסδ룬ҲŨľζ˶پͷ𣿡
δůܰĻĲʣСĳûк˵Ŀռ䣬αװˣʵʵػش
һۣ˯һͺˡ
ȥҸһţ̣ȥ˯ǳ۵õԴֲɷ˵ذˣһϵǷˡ
͵͵һõı飬ԥһ£ǰʹɫһϵĻ֪򻳰ܣҲ̣Լ壬Ǻۡ
ûֹ㣬ֻôƢǰֻҪ˵򻳰û򻳰δܻȻ
ҪٷƢһˡ
ôһʱ䣬δѾ˳̣Ҳ֪ôȥעҪһʱ䣬ײؽһҲûм׷İá
δ΢΢̧ͷܸоȵԼǳĻůžˣЩ᲻ã̰Ĳ˲ļ˵֪ˣҴӽúù
ٴнʾ֭øаˣ
δ뷢ֲǰѸ㵵ı顣
ǳãһοȥһ籾
Ϊܾ˾ȥƶѩûκԴδ룺
һʾ
ǵգҪǲԸͱμˣΥԼҲ󡣡סˣŤͷ˵
ΥԼʲôδ룺
ܿԺν飬Ů֮ǰμһcpΪսĿư¼ڻŮĿܻ˺øеġ
̧ۣﲻεĹػͷů⣬΢΢𴽣ǳĻȥμӡ
ΪģǾҵѡ
οսĿܻ۵ĺûᡣ
С˵Ůʲôϵ

 2 

δûбܿŮľҪΪʱܴɣȻڲ֪ƻ˾飬ȴҲ·ζѭԭеľ顣
ѾĬĬͳֻ׼ȥȡյ
ؿδ룬ĳʹѣ֪δ벻ô׷򻳰
δǳȴ˵Ҫμʱ¶ı飬ʤȯյҡ
оġ
δĲ򻳰һ㡣
.
ϣڶȫ򻴰뜏Ϣ
磬ͰսĿٱۡڶʽ¼αʱֳִ
ΪܹӽĿĻԣĿŮһһԻͬϡ
Ŀ̶αλŮÿڻλμӣλαԱޡ
δ磬ϵˣŮʣµһλŮαô죬мαһλ²ĸǺһλģ
Ŀûиʽ̨ǩԼʱ˵ˣ⵵ĿĴ̶ѡ
δ֪ŮڲһӰ֮ɫֱðĿڸǵcpfǣӲǰαģûŮԴףĸ顣
뵽δһĹ⡣
ĿһλαǵһճɾһԼαĿһѸ̸֤µӰӰ
Ҳ⵵Ŀˡ
򻳰ͣ³תͷԼСŮѱ˯ˣ뜏ĳ
뜏ĶѣԼͷôҰҪǳٵĻݻ᲻ˣ
ոյҿ˯죬ûĺ㡣
뜏˫ˣ˵ˣĿʱɲܺδߵ̫
򻳰Ц§Сװ
˵Ժʽʼ¼Ŀ
׽Ժӭ˽ܵһڼα˶֪ڵļαǻӰۺӰ󣬵ȫϵ¶˾ȵı顣
뜏˷ܵСŮһ£ֱ˵ԼǴСӰĵӰرϲԱߵ򻳰ؿһۣӰۼز׽һĻпһĴˡ
һݣ˳ˣˣʣµļαôӣǽĿһ׷
СαһһűǩֽֽдԼҪӵˣȻǡáд˱˴˵˳һӣûԵ˾ֻɽĿˡ
δֽԱߵСҧűͷһͷյǰЦеغСҪȻһɡ
С˲̧ˮĴ۾Сʣ𣿡
С￧λ͵ˣ붼֪û˻дòƲдһᱻԷķ˿
ģδסյĳ嶯϶صͷҾһ顣
ӰʱģһĻҲ¼뻭档
뜏д򻳰֣֪δ϶д򻳰˾Ӧ
򻳰Դ׵ﰵЦɰѾҪѡˣϣҲдҡ
˽ӵݵʾһתŶʦѾҪӵˣ
ͷλŮαһд
˵ʦʦǰʶҲʦд
ڳ˶ŹδȦΪ򻳰
Ҳ򻳰뜏֮ĸ鲻һ㡣
˻£ᵽλɫڨڨת˻⡣
ʱûЩŪĻЧռ˵ıǩˡ
ӵдǡ뜏ǜݿŵӰûмαı飬ϧֻ뜏¶˽ߵı͸¶ϧı飬йδ뷴ޱ飬񵭵
ӰaҪȤתƿͷȻ뜏δͶһҫڵǸ
һϷǺζ
Ȼӵѡ˜һͿѡ˭ɡ
뜏Цһ£϶簡˭д
˹һЦиѡ뜏뵽ȴŵģѡδ롣
һͷδֽ
ȦӵʱãΪݣڼα֮İϲּζŽĿгͻгͻۣ۾ӣڼαôԼģ޹ء
ʦд˭أ˻شֽ
뜏͵͵򻳰һţ΢¶˵ı顣
sheʩš
ţʩ΢΢һִ٣ҡѡҲδǰ
ԴȻֹ뜏
׼ӻ뜏ֵô򻳰
׼ú޳δ벻·Ƹ˵ĺ
ڵݰʾ׼һìܵˣ
ģһδĸ֣
ʩʵǺܺŮɹҵѣܿмα˿Ժرģܿ뵽ԼܲôóϷ
δǰҡҿܻϺȡ
δعͷִٵŮԴüżµţָƶڣĺˡ
ֻѡһ˵ѣûѡмαҲΪ˱ܿ鷳ûϵС쾹Ȼеɰ
ʩŴ㶵ؿźֻ߰Դδ룬ŵ룬ҥԹȻ࣬Ҳ֪δǲʵȷǴиܵԵİȫС
һھĪطֺˣȻʼһϷڡ
ǱӾԱߣ̳һһϷÿɳһˣӾˮײڵײĵ߱ʯÿοԴһ״ıʯس̵ʱҪʾͬԼõıʯ״¶ԺѲܳɹõʯֱʯ״Ķʤʮ֣ɵҪһγͷ
ŮУǸĬվ˳ֺģصһͬվ˭Ҳá
δͷȥñʯºòã
ʩͷеˮһ̨Ŭµġ
δЦʩ̬Ⱥ⣬СƵģһ͡
Ȼδվǰ棬λԸ룬ӰںĽؿһδ룬Ҳȥñʯǻѹûк
Ҫˮļλһ˶ģӾΪɳɹˮĻᣬδ룬۾Щϧ
δ룬ıرãӦȥģصġ
δϸܵĽë˲ʺϲζžҪȥһᣬԼϲ£ͷѪҲû¡
ģض۾촽˼û˵
ֻ򻳰ģǸ߰ˣλûκҪ뷨ĿλҲûҪ
ҸģҲûʲôӿļӸС
Ȼƽڱʼ󣬳׵شˡ
һսĿ죬ļα⵵ĿҪôֲӵиľͷż˹سıøľͷ
δˮһֻٵشĿĵأ˱Ȳڡ⡯ĵλʿٶȴġ
λھͷǰչ¶ԼĺӾ˵ʿ
һŮ˱ȥǵ֪ﶼܶǶĿĵس
𽥱üҵգﲻԾ
Ȼ״Ĺ̲ܷҲܹͷһڣϧһλѰ·δһλСС˼ʩţδȻøɴ䣬ʩҲܴĬȣˣʱ˵һ֡
δӾǰЦ£öҰѵһ͸㣬ң
ʩű֣Цǰϣָ͡
żؿŻúñݰ㿴Ѿڶˣ
ӪǰɵĻӰۣ
뜏򻳰ǰδ룬żʼϹ£̲סԹʲô´ѡ򵥵Ҳ°
Ѳµ״뿴뜏ż򻳰
ֻиĴȣãؿģˮֱȻδĵ˵һؿģأ֪ȥñʯˣĲó
ǴҴҽһδѾŵڶ鱦ʯˡ
һͷĺȻվ۾ɵøͭһ֪ĶԾˣ
һʵսĿǾʵսĿôͻȻͿʼһˣ

 3 

δǰҲϷǷһʱԺ
ҲȥĥŹӣǮȫѧϰָĶḻĥݼ
ˮ̳һ鱦ʯժӾ˫ǰһȦʩŹӾǰĶԥԲεıʯ
ջضŷ۸ϻˣõרҵ׼Ƴ鴤沿⣬ӲؿڣõģڿʦһϷõ˵һ
ۿ˶սĿת͵ĺ
ȦңˮȻʲôš
ֻܿǿĺڼˣ
δץסʩ֣ϰȡӾñй£ۺͷ˵ĻͷЦʩţһ͸ˡ
ʩü۱һ£˷ܵδǰ
ΪһӾͲµˡ
δʩѾ˵ؿʼģʽҲûܿļα쵱֮£վڰϵļ˶ôһżһԵ岻Э
һϷȻʮˣ鸴ӵؿžͷڼһ㹤ʣһֺǿҵԤУ⵵ջΪһƥֵҰ
򻳰ǵɱģں滻·뵽δ룬ոյδ룬˵İģδϰʱƳӾصڿ޹ؽҪ·ˡ
磿򻳰ں
ˡ˽ļһ۾ӦǴôܴδϸܵв
򻳰·߳ȥҶڵ˿˵ԺϿʼһڣҲݶˣŬ⽹תƵĻ档
δһ䵭ģһڿǵ䣬򻳰λĥδĹ죬ֻлӰۺӰ˵ɫ΢Щ죬ȫûп˴ˡ
ðˮԱؿʼһڡ
ڶϷڣָľ䣬ÿһ֡
ָľһ鵽һ̾䣬ÿֻܼһı⣬ʮ޷¾̭
Ϸ˳ϰϷǡ෴δʩ
һ䳡ϼαǵĿǰ漸λϻڻവͬ飬ϣǷɣδʩΪ˼գҡ
δüҰ㲹©ĺˣһǵġ
ˣ
ڵݶĿǿŤת⣺ǿʼɡ
鵽ĿŤͷ򻳰˵Ұ㡣
뜏Ӧܿ죬ŤͷԻӰ˵Ҳ㡣
Ȼ˫ֺʮգۣʵǵģ
򻳰Ц𣿡
뜏ͷˡ
һĺصͷ⣡ҪĳĽĿЧ
ӰתͷδǣҲˡ
ʩŽŵҧࣺҡǲˡ
ǲˡֺܿؽ
򻳰뜏ԭأȻûϵĽô죬ټһߵʱʮ
뜏̭Ѱ
ô̭𡭡ӰۼææؿӰ
Ŵҡͷ
ˣ㲻˵Լó𣿡
ʵĿʼǰµķٴӿϣû
˿֮ղԣ̭Ժתδǣʦˡ
ԱߵĸΪһ̭λʤ
ʩ룬ˣֱһֻϸ֣δ𡪡
ǲ밮ˡ
ʶ̧ͷǡÿδǳЦںǲСǣʩźȻԾϷʼǰδ˵Ļ͵͵ѿǡ
ոջֿĸֺģسģʾ֭ؿʼ˼
ֱһ룬Ծû˿Цؿδ룺ʦóϷ𣿡
Ϸ𣿡δȻ𴽣޵Цݱˣյпͷ۾һ˿ζҿ϶óһλ
Աߵ򻳰߬ȭͷδδһۣᵽһ֣Īδ˵

 4 

Σвƾ죬ڴĿּ΢˸ı䡣
δֱʩʵһ񵭵ĿڶԷϣʩŽʾ֭벻ʱæء
ȻԵõӻٴ̼α
ϷѶȲߣǺֳܿӣһһߵʱʮֿ
δҲûʲôα£ǱһȦȦĲݰ˲ڽŵ£СĽʩ⣬αȻеѽܡ
ɵķΧȻ޴棬ֻʣµ⽣ӰšӿĽŷΧ
ȻδʩռƣһϷ󣬷ңңȡ
ʼĸ˻δδ볹׷ϣսĿһڵ¼ҪĸСʱʱδܲһֱ״̬άȥա
ȻʱһתδȴԽԽȣǺ͵ڶ˽ʮֵĲԺЩǲžֵע⵽ĿҪ¼ƽˡ
򻳰ǰδеĿδ룬ǰ˲֮ǰǸԼɵķ˵Ůˡ
δȷޣӹݸˮڣһֺֻ磬ҪҸʱúö塣
һڽĿ¼ƽδʩٻһڵcpսĿ̣ÿڵcpҪ̨һźӰ
δʩߵʱСǴᱧסģҿ§㡣
ʩĪ־Լտʼ£˼رܿδСȵصͷϸ᣺á
ͷ׼ʩţʩŵ˵ζһֱֻ۴סδöڶϱǳǳЦ⣺ôסˣ
ʩŵ죬û˵Ҳסδڴδһ̱졣
ϹȻȫƭ˵ģδǰᳬɿһúߣ
ͷһ̣¼ʩԴɵЦݣһֻɰСꡣ
δ۾ʩŵͷںһ˿繡
ǷͬˣһĻͷĿ
ϲδ뜏Ҳϣδģܺÿ
˻Ӱ翴ĳƬĸܵһ˿𺳣˭˵δֻ۾Цģʩŵı飡Ե߻ء
սֻʣÿӵĲɷá
δָµľϲκⶼظõˮ©ʵΪʲôѡʩʱ
̧۾׼ͷ΢΢ȻΪɰ
һλܲɷõʩš
ʩ߽ʱŵҪǻδҪʩŵɵԲ۾һ
ǰҲ֪룬㷲ʱֻǻû˻չһصԱ뷨
룬δӿڴɿⴧڿڴģû뵽ǡó
ţǲʲô̫ѵ⣬Ҫʵڲ֪ôش𣬾㽲¡δŵɿļ϶ʩŰ䡣
ʩŽӹɿ㶵ؿδ벻̫ͣʱ䣬֮ǰĵؿһɵվŵʩţе㷢ɵﵽû˵Ļ
Сð˿ʩŵĽţҲûʩŻʱ䣺Ҷûϵ㾹Ȼʦӣоô
ʩźȻôˣոδ˵Ļͫ𽥴һع⣬Ŵϸֳһ˷ѽĽߣʵҲǵһκδǰӴҸо
̧ͷ۾һ£оرãδǰֱףһҶʲô֪϶Ϻرİģȫ̱ɵĸо̫ˬˣÿ֣
ʩϴЦݣδĳĽ
е֡
ʩ촽䶯£ѹסδ뷨Լ˵̫෴δѹֺܵҪδж
һ˺Ȼ뵽ʲô¶ߵʩţʩƨƵͨԼˮĴ۾˧ĳģ
ʩźܲɷãٻصĿоΣ
ɳϣڣھǺڣ֮ǰ֪δСôҿʩӮʱĽЩϷҪʱ䷴ӦģȻ̧ͷһδ룬ܵվǣرгһ¾ûˡ

Ŀ¼ƽδ뻻·߳䣬ſڿһλϵˡ
˫ֲŶ̧ͷһЦδð
δ治ɫؿŶԷԺѹһ鲻ʶԷ֪Լʲôֻòشкá
Ŀоôǲδ裬ЦЦʵ
УδŻش
ͫĿһ˿̰һνӴδ룬û뵽Է̨һƥ̨߰һ䵭õ廨ϲŮˡ
ǵһβμֽĿɣʲôĿҡҪȻǴһȥԷ
İʾζδԺӣٿȻӣҲһ㣺Ҳ𣿡
ˡΪԼ˼ҴӦˣ̹չ¶Լ˼£ڲðɡ
˵ſδ룬Ȼ󱻶Էԭء
δ֪ȦҪСӦΧûСԱˣԲԼµ
ʦ΢Ǻܺõǰ֪֪Щǻġ
΢΢һӣʲôϵ
δ뿴飬Ժֳ︡¶Ŀɬ飬ЩΣ֪˻ʲôˣӣûԻǼٵģ
һ£ڻ˼ıûϷԺûʲôвĺݻ뿪
ȶԷԺδ෴ķȥ״Ľ£嵥ǽϵ
δҲ֪Է˶٣ȫˣҲһԸñ˿Ǳӡ
δװɵ߿ʱۿͣԭأѹܵδ롣
δ벢û߽ûȨȥΪ
ȻγĬĶӣ𽥱סŬɤӣǸ㿴Цˡ
δ뿴ǽڵĶﻮһ˿̣ǰ˷ʲôû
Ǳصͷס۾ָȴʶץδ
δЩˣ֪ţͲô鷳ˣλӰӰҲûˡ
ĬһʱδȻڡ
ȻôʹˣͲҪټĥԼˣԼڻ۰
̧ۣſƯ۾ˮѽؿδ룺򻳰뜏̸㲻𣿡

δ۽ޣŮ䵱ȻܣһΪ˱˵İ鸶˲ʹĴۣҲ֪Ů֪һУΪ򻳰뜏һ
ֻܸԼĴ𰸡
ᣬδ侲˺¡
ƽ۾Ϊʲô˵װĻӰĳƺŰ͸δ붼С
˰⣬һкܶҪĶˣѣҵԼδеգǻᰲο˵ˡ
ֵҷӵеһ𣿡δĺڵͫӳӣúûһ¹ȥ̨ҫ˵ԼΪ˱ˣǱбҪ𣿡
еĻ룬̵ʵǰԭδǲǿԱܿҰܵĽ֡
ϧû
δ룬˶ѡ

 5 

δĻһֱԼӪİȫݣ۾ȥЩ
ǵԼЩʱϲ뽾Ȼźͻദ͸߰·ȫڽŵףıԴδĻˣƺѾΪңԶԼ
ҺˡʹصͷӶƵžžңƲסĵ䡣
סԼѽҲֻԼδ˺һαװ
ʳ
δһ£ļ

δˮ
δ㣬ˮеˣҪȻ´ˮ
ˣͺãлл㰡δ֪Լĥߴ̫ʱ䣬ӹˮлûע⵽лس
ڳۼ£¼ƽĿʱȻûк򻳰Ŀ⡣
δ벢ϲΪ籾򻳰һĵ⣬ڶԷǰαװһ¡
ҪģֻǸıԭݣŮô޹ء
ڡһҪҪ
˾ͣļ棬δ³ǰĸߵ۾ɨһȦԾؽ
ԽҪĽĿΪɣûлȥصĹԢϢǽ¼Ŀûƴˡ
δſڳԼĪӣ򿪣һӰʶҪ㿪ϱ߲ʱ˵
ڻˣ
Ǳʩ˶ӲվԭأӰ˱ס両嵭ζδŵ˺
ļҵŮˣôôϲˣ
豧ڻӲĿ롣
۵δļȫ¸ĸһ
ôˣ
δ뻹û۵ıֻ񣬾ֱɳ£һɣ
䣬ôŴôһ㣬ˡ
ʮ·ݳͷȴѾȡůأδ뺬ػش𣺡ô䡣
ΪǺġ
İְִ¥ϻһݱֽƵδһ࣬Ȼߣ˵ʲôãǵýȦ
δ뿴һİְ֣ԷɫӼë¸ⲻϣôԲϵĿͨͼرİְָո˵Ļûа
ֿ֣ķǵˣǰ滹¼ĽĿʲôʱ򿪲ʲô費ӵزİְֵʵĿ
İְ֣
ӹҲסߺߵض±ֽдʣ˽һҵıô𣿡
ܵصͷţûô
δһ߿ǰ죬ģüЦϲַΧ
ӦͿԲµȻǳĺӣԷҲһˡ
вһǡ
δǿƲסһ£һһıͷ顣
Ѿʮһˣǲ̫ˡ
ǳƺĲڣǳؼҺ󳹵ʧ
ǳĶһģķԺδͿһϲصǳ𣬱סԺ˪һ
Ѿʮǳɫ糣طֱ裬İõؽܱƺ
δڶİְ֣δΪͱֳƺѾʱܴµľϲ
ʱİְֿʮ˧ܱڳԷʱһƬཷǳ⣺˻ʳ
Ȼδһ±Уɫƽɣʵ벻ΪʲôཷָĶ
δл㱵ؼһιȻֱҲʲôԽܵ顣
òͽԺʱⲻ֪ôص򻳰
İְְһر˵û뵽СȻˣϲô˵
һˢˢڳѵδ롣
δ룺
ã³ƤЩΪʲôͻȻ
ǳοسԼãδϴιȻƭǣϰ˵򻳰Ҳû
۵ؿԼãδίˣΪ˲ü˿ԼΪˣװӡ
Ҿðְ˵öԣδݵ˼ӣԼбҪ˵仰壬ȻЩ˿ǹֵֹģѾ͸ʲôˣҲϲˡ
£ӭõİ
δ뿴ΧһȦ͸¶βŵϧ΢
аȣһǻ֪˵ġ
δеůŶ̵һʱ䣬ԭֻȴѪ⣬
뵽õһȺˣھĽ֣δ񰵳Բٷˡ
Ÿսδ뿴İְң˼£һװ磬Ļֵ˷죬δ롣
δ룺
ľؿ氥գ۵۶ŵԼ̵ظܵԭﻨƿ仰Ƕôʵֵؿһİְ֣ԷȿʱҪһ㶼۾
δ뾪㤵Ļں棬ݹľжӵ˻ֹİְһλӺһڣδСֶһڵǰ
һΣ˵һҿˣδ⼯˺ܾá
İְֲʾ¼Ҳ˺ܳʱ䣬һҿ飡
δ룺
ӵĻεԼ뿴þζЩɨ߼ηҪ¥Ļɳϣޱؿŵӡ
ţЩ˵˾ʮ׺񣬾׶̨Ķƪ˼

ͬʱϻصң˷ܵµʩţһỹǿֱ
ʩС죬޼Ȼͬʵϵģָ
Ϊ¼εգѾܳһʱûпֱˣ˿Ҳ֧֣עбﵯ˿ʧ˿ڻع飬ֵصʩŴк
ǺðǺþûˣո¼꣬Գպʹ졣
ʲôݲܸǣʩգһ㲻˼
ͷʵط˿ʩˣĻһܼ
С顭һյӣʵ˵Сĸˣһᣡ
˾΢СᵽĿʱ۾һ£Ȼܿ˾ͷĶˡ
ҲǣϾһʵսĿСҪˡ
ȷڴĵʩЦһ£ٺ٣¼ԺҾͷˣ˭ܸǣҺߡ
ʩźȻѽһҪˣѾʮˣҪϴ˯ˣǧкȦ
֮꣬ҾȻԴС˯
ԣѾʼջСŵθ

 6 

ļڵģȻ෴鷿һ
ѹһǻĻļص򻳰ѵ⣺㿴ɵĺ£
򻳰һĪرؼңӭͷһļϼŷȡ˵ĺͬ
ҲʲôŮ˻죬Ҫסκ¶Ӱҵܻؿ֪֪ļжϺǻʧ١
򻳰δ𣿡
˭ͺ˵ܺļҽָЩʲô
򻳰߬ȭͷҧгݵﺰδ֣۾ˣԭԷǽԵĴС㣬ֻһβƨһȻв
һᴦµġ򻳰˵
صغһһ㴦£ѧϰ˾Ҳˣҿ򫋾ĺܺá
򫋡
򻳰۾ȴʵð˻һᣬҰɡ
ֻЩ꣬ļҵķչ죬άĹϵͲ⣬ļںռλκȻȡȻҶʧļҳеķո١
򻳰վڿ̨ضֻûϵδ뾹Ȼ
ѵΪвֻ
򻳰ѹͷӿϵĶѾǵһˣδǰһûֻҪ˵һ£ƨƨߵظԼˡ
ҲһȽˣԲǸ˾
Ժ򻳰绰ȥ
ιֻﴫ
δ룬ң򻳰˵۵׵ɫް塣
һǻûü˵ڣ˼ཡȻֹ
򻳰
ֻ߬վԭأٿȻŤ
ȻҹԼĵ绰򻳰ɢҧֲ˹ȥ
زԺ󣬵绰ű½𣬴ʱ򻳰ŭѾһ塣
Ů䵭ӻͲﴫʲô𣿡
򻳰һԼ侲δ룬ңոôҵĵ绰
ֻһͷδˣ򻳰ԻԵΪûشԷ⣺ûҾ͹ˡ
һ£򻳰ķӦ̬ȲԾûʱϸ˼ûѡһ飬ΪӰۣýĿϣϵ̫׽ĻЩѻġ
ֻͷûлӦ򻳰վˣ˵֪ոӵ۽ʱý۾ȫϣߵ̫á
δǱ޳ܵĻ𾪵ˣû֨ѽؿֻѡŮΪ̸ôҪϹϵ
ܿ죬δ򻳰˵ЩΪʲô̵档
򻳰Ȧӣ⣺飬ԼͺãûбҪòǲҲҪΪҵ͸ֱŤ
δ룺
򻳰ĳҺСϷΪԣǴʧء
δǰüѹֱӹҶϵ绰ĳ嶯ڽ֮ͨǰˮǾίҸҰָ״Һˣ
ѹ´򻳰Լ̫ҪˣһΪһ˾ȥ״Ϊ˭ӴǸ԰ã̳ϵҲҪȤҰֺҸģһ쵽ıҪ㡣
Ĳмֵ쾡£δ֮ǰֻŮʼ˵̬ȣȴʵضˡ
δЦһֵ㿪ֻѺйصϵʽһ¡
ͷһα˵绰򻳰
򻳰δ˱ڵ£֪ܿˣʧؿһۡ
գļһˣһ򫋴¡
򻳰ŭð˵
Զӵʣ൱ƽܴ£Ȼû¡

δ˵˵绰ǽ򻳰˵ϣԷʱ˳
ǹ˾ǰͰʹСۣΪܽ󻯣ûȱµ顣İְֵ֪򻳰δ绰˵º󣬻ɱŭɶֹˣҪΪ±Ϊѣһֱ˽¸̲򻳰أ۸ҺƤ㵱˵ͣ
򻳰δô꣬һֱûжǻΪΪỹ̰棬˭֪ԷԾŮѡ
Ӻӵ򸸳ըˣֱӳȡ˺Եһǧ˰ٵķʽҲҪ޳⻵Ѫ
δæʯŽСȻİְ֣ͬɲ
ֻҪᣬͼر¶ԼĶ򻳰ûˣЧŸһ죬İְĻȻ泩˲١
İְһ£Ҳȥˡ
δһ£ԭﲢûϸдһ֣ҲܿͲ³Ů֮ǰ϶ǲ򻳰Ӵκλᣬ϶Ҫȥ
ǳһˣִҴææ뿪ĳæµæµİְֿ϶ǲȥ
磬δİְֵĸ첲˳˵ȥɣһС
İְšüҪ˵ʲôδ΢һ£Ӧˡ
ֻڶδŵʱİְֺվ˾ǰҪСӻδ붥ŸĸĵĿ⣬ԼиСҲû

ȻȲļңȦҲϲ㣬ķǸ󣬸и˶С
Ҫûغļҵĺļ˭ܼһ㱨δһ⡣
ΪҵƶˣһλļλСŮԼӵִţоޱȵĽ򻳰ʧû뵽δϣֻΪǹ˼λŮǣϷκδǸ
ֻ򫋴̼ܲյЧͿ¼΢΢򦣬Թܼ˵¸߻
ϧ򸸲֪ڵδʯĳһơ
δûãͿ򻳰Цĵиʮа˾ģһһһ㶼򻳰нӴԼ̲סˡ
ǣ򻳰̬úúδĵʱֻŮ˿·˺ˮޣЫСϴּķ߹ȥˡ
򻳰
οԼǴֻȥϴּѡ
δ뻹ûĸܣȴѾ˷ɧλɹϴּ䣬ϴּҲһǷ֮ء
ո̤ȥһϴֳĸߴӳ
û뵽Ҳô˵Ҫ˾ϰ࣬ǲǸ˻ˣǲΪԼм̳ҵʸˣ
ԭܿǷ֮صδŲһ٣תͷ򱳶ˣǶо׽һ飬һ˲˾
Ÿ߸Ьߵ˵ǩһĺ촽𣬡գ²ðɡ
óǰ˺ܹ˼磬ȻĻöȻ侲ˮһݺݵ뿪ˡ
򫋺޲Ŀӹδ룬תҪ뿪
δԼʱЦʣͲллΪΧ𣿡
򫋲ͷ¶ӢĲ𣺡ڶ¡
δЦݴһ㣬ȷΪ򫋵֣ۻġ
Ϊ򫋺ڻŮ䲻ͬⱾķɡ
ҵ˽ӣҲ򻳰ˣΪ򫋵Ĵڣ򻳰ױѼͥĸ׵ʵ
бЫ覴õ
ûκһڴ򫋵ĳĸܸԼ棬򻳰Ĺߣ򻳰Ӱ£ǲļ볰ŪŤĻ£򫋳ɳΪһλƫִĮˡ
Ҳȫδ̵һλĹ¼ҹˡ
ģ̤ϴּʱͷһδ룬һĨܵЦ
ֵˡ
Ǻ޹ء
롣

 7 

δһֱĥ䵽ʽʼŴϴּ
򻳰Ϊҵļ̳ˣܿͱȥѣûҵʵĻδ˵
˹ղҪ̫Ӧ꣬򸸿˲򻳰΢΢̾һȥȥδ̸һ̸
õָĹܼҵͷп࣬ү֪¿ҪƢˡ
λúƫƧͬĶһȺĸ
ܼҵԺеĮģ
Сڴڻܼʵظ
򫋵ͷұڻλȥ
ڹսǴ⧲ײˣһĻһ룬δ΢ŵüûע⵽Ť˽ţǺۡ
ǸδǰڵŅ̀ͷԼײʱһ£ɰּˡ
򫋵ͷδĽף´һ˫ʺɫĸ߸ЬϸƤϵһҲۡ
̧ͷһűڻȣһˣδ룿
δգ۾صͷ
ûپĿ⣬ȥҽҩ䡣
ˣδ̧ƤһۣΪҺļҺ𣿡
ţһ̨׼ûκ¶ҺһӮ£ܺƥеֻкؼңļؼҺһʧȥĺ飬ؼҲδػļҡ
δææһͣƣ΢еͷۣϿҵ˵Ĳⷽ£ҪȻҰ˵
˳Ĭһ룬ʿɷϵʽпյʱܷȥݷá
δ룺
û뵽򫋾ȻˣԱһֻ֪ȥİ̸ְ򻳰ԾЦһȻһ£ǸҸ뵽һ¡򫋣Ҳ֪ǼҽôǾǲٺˡ
δ뿴һ򫋵ı飬ʼûκβ
򫋿ǰŮˣ򴽣Ըļֹԭ𣿡
ûϵδڰ֣Ĳϲ򻳰ˣܾΪ̸Ҫôģֲż磬Ҷǳˣ԰ɣ
Իؿ˵⻰δ룬ܾܼҸԼĲ̫
δһ᳡ͶϻͬЦΣҲǱﲻסˣ̲ס򫋶˵䡣
Ȧÿô࣬ûҪһϡδԽ˵Խ𾢣ޱĿñ򻳰˳ۣ͸ǽͷһʣҾ㶼Ҫã
ӹܼ֪δ󣬴ҴææϹδԵ򻳰
¶ӳ嶯飬ں׼ֹø򸸣
εǣδ뻰ϣúһİЩƺôãͺɫŹֵҸײš
.
δߵЬڴϣ뵽һɫ򻳰ӵ򸸣ûסЦ
ֻһ¡
ǳҰѾ籾㷢ȥˣʵĻͽ顣
δ룺
һθпһʱĿǣҪְ֡

һڵսĿܿͿˣһڵļҲѾˣټ˼λḻսĿԱһ¸ֹݱɾա
δȦܣ΢еӵĶһòĻƿԴԴϵԴǿ϶ͷˣδ뾭ù˾ϰҲġ
ֻίذʾδȻϵ˻
óõдǣҵȻ֪ʵսĿҲкúϣõһгͻ𣿡

ϣĿĽһ㡣
δ¶εı飺ҲûϵǻᱻҼʤ
δӦסˣֻ׼˶ԷǿҾܾһ״ʣ˭δͷβϽ˦˦һᳵ·
û취ֻ֣ͨıĿİţѹĽĿ
ϵ֣ڶڽĿݻȻһ¡
δ뿴ŽĿĽշ̨΢΢
̨Сܻȥ󣬱δķӦ
СƵ˵ܾµ̨Ժͦĵġ
Ǻܿġ
һеһжѾԭ籾ѹ죬δеϧذͣҪиʲôƻԭĽ˵ܻԱ
һڽĿ仯ݵ⵱ȻҪͨαͬ⣬𼦷ɹһڣԺԥشӦˡ

ӭٱۡڶֳ࣬˿׽Ժ󣬿ʼһڵļα
εĿսα½ŮżĶӳ͸ӳ
̨ȤǵмαѾ۷ŹˣڿԲٻĥˡ
˵ľǵһĸֺģϡ
ʩŴһԺͶδһ΢ԣԺ̵ŲߣҲδһ˫۾תпδҽ΢ס
ԾšüԴȻһ
ڿʲôѽ
δԼԺ󣬾ͷһСβͣתͷЦŶ
ʩƵ̧ͷЩģĽû°ɣ
δ뿴ı飬µָ΢΢һЦݵĻ󣺡û£ֻǿȥضѡ
ʩűú̲סŤͷԼŮӣԼôˣ
תƵڶصԺʽ
һǽ߸ǰĽĿҵһԼ治ɫѣڳ˳ڵŮ⣬˭֪ʵʲô
ָͨͬһˣƿӵͬһ飬ǽ־ͿԷ顣
ָһͦ򵥵ϷڵϷһˮƿ˸ˮվţȻߵָӲȣֱƿӣ˭ֿƿӣ˭Ӯˡ
һ鷴ӦļϷ
˸վδȻȻʩվͬһߣʩ˫ֲſߣĨڵϸҧ´ŵϵˮƿҲҪ
δ뱾밲䣬ٴеģ΢΢ͷС˵û£Ϳˡ
ʩ΢ŵصͷĻǽžվŵģأģسЦЦôʤʩѹûע⵽
һĴ˴Ӱ磺
ޱƿߣģػûʦ󡭡

 8 

鷴ӦϷܲ׽αܵһ棬վڳܼα˻ҪЦ
ǰҵĶȻ룬ôһ£˵ָԽԽԺ󣬿ʼƵĳӡ
䡣
ͷһ¡
Ц

ƿӣ
δͣĶץƿӣɨһߵʩţʩȻһģˮƿѾģץ
ͷü׼ƿӶȥ
ֻվʩŶģأ̧ͷͿʩ޴СΪؿһˮƿһתֵˮƿݸʩš
ʩ㶵ؽӹˮƿһѾջ֣ڨڨ󾱵ģأæл
ŻӰ罫һĻ¼ջǰԣƣô˵һĻ
лл㣬ʩüģصл
ûϵ
ģصĻشһ㲶׽Ӱ翴õƿӵʩţŤͷδչʾһ貵Цݣһ£ܵ§סδĸ첲
Ӱ磺
۾ƿӰͬĿһ۹վԭصģأƺңԶ
ֽʤøˣͷ˼£̫ˡ
δҲûϵ龹Ȼת䣬һԼǰɵֺǵʩţ̲ס𴽶ôҪһ𣿡
ʩŽŵؾס°ڣ㣺𣿡
δЦ𽥼ȻԣôŬǲӦýһ£
𣿡ʩҧͷˡ
λԻ˶˹һ֮ȥΥ͸Уδ˵ĿǣټʩŰڴ۾γɵĻ棬ôǰڵϷСŮ
ڶֿʼǰδ̽ͷʩ˵ѺúϷвУ϶һ顣
ǶվŵǡŮδӽĿʽ¼ƿʼδ򻳰һ
鱾յ򻳰ˣӦΪ˦һ˾ˣ¶ʱδ뷴һһΪûоޱҡ
ܱͣ
δô׵ط֣ϧǰޱȣһɻĿȼգ֪ηйźá
뜏֪ҷ飬ֻܷԼƵͶδ룬ｹ겻ѣί
򻳰֮ǰģһδʲô
δĪؿһûбס΢΢һ۵Ů
ڶָܿ쿪ʼˡ
δǰı֤ʩһֵϷ̬ǳãȫ̶ûֻϧƿӵʱ򣬻򻳰һ
򻳰ʶؽĿתԱһ顣
ֻδָȴƿӿڡ
ʩȴûнţδողƭԼ
򻳰һ˲䰵ȥϵǣǵûΪδˮƿо䣬ͷŹ泩
˵δ벻ô򵥵˵ͷҪһ顣
뜏⼸ĽһλۿδҪˮƿĵһһð
Ȼ˴һĻˣֻδƿڵʱָץƿڻεһ£ˮƿ뜏ķбһ£δֱһѿ
Բ򻳰
ڷŭ뜏
ǡĿδ롮ֻһĻˣ
ڨЦһʦոץƿӰɡ
δͷؿü̹ģѹûзˮֻһ£еϧ
ô˵ˣ˲پţǸոڷĸƵġ
ӽһϢʱΣרŸδӰ翸Լװȥҵݣոĵĸһ顣
Ͽҵ뺫˵ҾcpкǿʦرСŵӣ

ȻҲ֪ģغ͸ϱ˭Ƿ˭ծںŮųԱڶηʱ򣬻رùһԡ
ӰǺԵض޿һд

Ŀ¼ԺδһߴҴʰ
ʩһ⼸ʲô
δûԼг̣ҪʩĿɰҴȥˣ½һ籾ʽ
ʩСѧһ˳ɳϣ´¼ơ㻹𣿡
ô᲻𣿡δЦЦƳһ۰Ķͷʩȥߡ
ʱ¼ģҲðһ˶ѽ
ʩźʦˡ
𣿡δ뱻˽ҴȤζҲգóֻһ£ҪҪӺѣһ¼Ŀʮˡ
Ҫʩ˫۶ڷ⣬Ȼ󲹳˵ϷæпյʱԻظϢ𣿡
δ˷ͺԺȻʧЦĻ϶ģʲôĽˣҶûʲôŻֺģ˵Ҳֱ࣬ӽ־ͺá
ʩ촽˼£ȵؿȥҺ
ֺܿؼһ䣺ܺ𣿡
δƳһۣЦԴ԰

δܿʰˣΪӵ磬Ҫȥʡ㣬ҹɻȥ󣬷־ķ侹Ȼõġ
һθпһʱͬʱҲһˣһνĵһսҲҪոһʱ
Ϊ˲Ӱ㣬ϴһ¾ȥ˯ˡ
ڶ죬δִӰ
ߴǺҵӰݣ۹һЩĵľʮа˾Ŷˣһ黳͵ĵӰ
֮ǰЩͶֹǲʵֻڵг͵ĵӰ㣬Ըߵ˵ҲһתͣܳɹļʺС
ʽʱǳϵ˸ߵΪͶְ̰֣δﲻ⡣
ߵҲŹδʲôˣҲģⲿŮǱ壬һƿҲʤΣǳǱʽ˵Ҫ
ᣬߵСϳ̣һݺȻ˵δˡ
ߵδı׼Ѿ͵ģֻҪ㲻ٵˣΪѱ˾ͺá
ڴ̧ͷһײ˿Ůˣ˾·ݵȷ磬һŹ޵ӳۿ

 9 

Ȧʢ˵ĳߴʶˣЩڱ棬Щڹǡ
δ볤ʱס˺һ
Ҳѹδݼᱻô²ۣΪڱ̣ԼòԴ
ߴðһ뷨ôѹƶ̻ͷ
ͷ㹻ǿңͻһֳ嶯δǰкʱ䲻ڣ벻һɫ
δ̧ƤеؿŸߴһɫ
ߴͷ籾㿴𣿡
Ѿˡ
ڲμִ·ϣ󴳽һ¥ĵһ㻹ǵ𣿡
δ۲΢ȷʵǸ
ţǸֻһͷҲûѡǣȻֻһ飬ҪܾҲû⡣
δ˫ۣллߵᣬһŬ
ߴԱߵ
򽭡ǸߴεݵµӰҪŮһұѪϴŮһˣȥѰİΪǱʱҿ˶ǰ伣ڽܡ
ߵ˵Ļ׷ѰʱһλҪΪӢ
Ȿ籾ŮǸڸܶһɫ¶˵ǻ£ǣܸڵĵݼϴһ¡
ϷŻױž籾Ժһع˽ҪݵݣԼŮ
˳ԱҪעδ󣬻ױ鳤һ˼ͰԼĵӷδ룬ȥֻŲ˫
鳤ĵӽ찲۾Բδգϵ治ƽƤҲ̫һ㡣
δϷ׵һΣ찲žˣۺһ̼˵
һʺļ³ۣü޺ĵ㣬ĵĴɫ¶ϸ׼һ𣬹찲˺ü۾ֱԼױˣҪըˡ
ૣʦƤãҪ˵Ļһʦĵģ
δ뻻һˣԣվǰһѹ찲һ˫Ư۾ӯЦ߹Цһִֻϣɤᣬϳţ
۾ֻʣδˣҴҺһƿؿڽУֱŮֱŮ
δʧȥ˴ĵط˳ƻڻױϣһ۾ˣ֮Ҫݻô
찲š־Ǽʿҿ϶ܻ

ĵĵһĻδûйϵеݶź죬ϣӰĵһĻ˳Ĺ
ȦȦ֪Ļƿû¶ʸ
δϣߵӻ֡
߻һŮⲿһŮš
ߵδӡֻЦźܣǵһŮҦء
λ˵Ůһδ롣
òصͷʺãҦЦ֣˵δĴˣһμָ̡
ֳ΢δ۾Ҧصĳ֮⣬ס֣Ц£ʣ㶼Щʲô
ҦȦˣۿЩ찾ͷθߵĵӰһûᣬ˭֪˽غˡ
ҪǱʵ˽غҲˣƫƫǹϵĲݰˣδʱûסһ䡣
ûϵδһƵЩʲô֧֧û￨һһܡ
ʵ˵Ժͺˣֻ̫ˣԽܵȫδϣ˶Էʱְ֡
ῴ΢΢ˡ
δܱܽ˷ݼĳֻҪʱ»ᾭ֣ǰơ
Ҧصսۿɼήȥɿ֣µתƻ⣬ߵڽϷҿһ𣿡
ȻԣߴЦݣһҦأ̯עľ籾⡣
ʽҦؾҪҲʹ죬ߵҲһЩ
ȵһ࣬ܽݣʱˡ
Ҧڿǰֱߴȥ˶ݵ޷ϣҪ籾
ҦضǿưкüϷ飬Ҧص̬ԺֱһĹ
ȥױߴδ룬һ֡
ߴ籾ÿһ̨ʶ˽ֱױδŽѡ
ڵȣδ봩źصϷܿһ㺹߽Ϻͷر۾
һ̿ʼƶҪ޸ĿеĸӢˣȴ޷Ϊ˱ѩ޵ĳ˿
action
ӺܿͣˣѾ߷оһֻůĴ֣ᶨشǰȥ

ӽ쿪ʼҳˣӴº͵ڶ
ͷ²һ¡
Χǻϲص
̺Ӱλ̤붴
һáһŵ
ŮӼȻһ˫׾֣ס˵䣬ִֵʣ𣿡
һᣡ̧֣ҿ˺ͷ
һųˮܽǰͫǲľޡ
ƶ˫ˮϲȴȻضɣִֵһ飺Ϊұ𣿡
סãƶҲȥ
cut߰غһȻһ龵ͷžͷ΢΢Ľͣͷ
δЩϸڴñҪúܶ࣬ôི籾
ݵ۾һ˲һڴϣһֻ۾ֵ︡ѹȥ
Ӻŷ֣ȥڿովͷĵݡ
͸ߵ˺˲ֹһΣ뵼ݼ˰ӡ
˵δոݵãǻᣬˡ
ߴֱһͷط¾ͷ˵һΪҽϷúãոȫ̿һ飬ݵĺá
ȥɲʼСϷûѹס
󣬸ߵ¶˼ı飬³Ϸѹҿֵܵز
ҲУߵƣֻϱϣȻǲš
ϣһĻС˵ˣϽ·ױһĻ
֪ˣˣϢһ£㲻֪·жأȾͱϣԸֻͷ˵ҲΪСｲҥĶ࣬˻ΪҺһأ
˵ͽŵĨͣߡ
ߵ
Լÿη΢Ժ󣬵Щֵֹʲô˼ˡ

 10 

δ뻻ĶԺ󣬸ߴֵؿһۣôỻװ
ţȥҽôһ
ߴ
ˣ쿪ĵһ죬оͷһıòͷδϷֻһĻ
ܲ˼ٻȥİɣδ뱳Ͷʷְ֣䣡
δһͷˮؿŸߵɫȥ

ܿ⣬ߴº͵鲻ɣ¶˲̱һ棬Ƭÿ䶼ŭ
ߵر𰮾ϸڣ΢е㲻Ҫģĵ㣬һȵʱ򣬻̫ͷɹţܼоԱ֮٣ֲӡ
ʱˮȾױߴﶼҪһΡ
ʱ֣Ϸʱһ䣬ƬȻðһ궯
δ뿴Լĸˣźü߽Աϡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôӹϵ˶Ͷһº͵Ŀ⡣
δ룺
һȦδôһ¡
δкɣǸʮС
δ֪Էǳչġ
ʵʵػش𣺡˵ˣҪƬڵ⣬Ҳܻ㱨Ϸûʧһ飬Ұˡ
⡭
δ뵹һָԭһϷҪβܹɣЩ¸ΪӰӵĹԱ
Ҳǲ⣬ļΪö˵㡣
Ϊھɥ˵Ҳ˵ˣһξͲøӲˡ
ԽԽԼǮ˵δ룺
Ȧ룬Ժͻİõصһ㡣
ǳĵȷȷڰδ⣬л²δݼȴڳһ㼵ôõļҲ޼¡
δԺĺɵļ򣬡ϼͰɣԺͲҪֶˡ
ΪԼҪ֤ԼļʡһǮԼд֣ܼӣ
.
ڶ죬δûʱ򣬻ŵĹԱȫͶƵĿ⡣
Ͼû鷳ЩԱĪ⣬˶ǻơ
Ÿտڶ죬ߴͰ˺ĺȦɾܹҲûĶ١
ҪұɱһĻ
δһȺ˷ԽݶźиĲһɱĻ
ƶĸҡѣ˯Եɣֻĸɫ԰׵ظһź壬ȻƲڹһֱҪ
ƶûŪ׷ʲôĳ𽥱ƽűһ߿ĺ𽣣ѪƶǰȾһƬ졣
ãЩɱȫ뿪һӰǱشӹﵹմȾһѪɫݿնգ˾ߺޡ

ʱ򣬸ߵûסִӰһĵһĻžͷδ˲䣬һƤ
ŮԹߺ޵ǴӵĶҪϽ
̫ˡ
ߴ籾ûô꾡дŮķӦǵδԼʱߴҪϣ𺳵ˡ
ںʱҪҲԾصߣһȥˣûǻĵһĻûдﵽġ
˵Ҳܾȱһо
ֿһδʱҡͷ̾Ϣ
ϹȻҥԶ࣬δ㻨ƿˣ
ųһλԱߴȻֿ˻ʲôˣͶְִ̰˽飬һݼܺõˣ׬׬ˣ

ҦŭػصСϺзߴδʱıû뵽ߵ˶ۡ
δֻŮݺʲôɫĹԱҲǮĵѿ
Ҧش۲ϲδ룬ֻҪδϷʱسﴵյ
ҲûпδݵϷδ˽Ȼͣڻƿ׶Ρ
ƾʲô˿ԻôãҦ۾죬ҴĬĬʰöںװԼǿ
һΪĨ˵δ룬ߵҪȻߵôοϷ
δһѹ£Ҧ̬ܿͱˣԹžÿһˡ
Ļδ롣
УҲôŹ
ҦشֻϵһҾˮ
ȺͶԷöԺҦزһ㣬ųǰĿյأ¶˶񺮵Цݡ
.
΢һѸǰʮȵıǩ
δ˽һĻһСȣһֵ㿪ֻʩһСʱǰϢǻڻױ
Сţ㣬ϷҪչ˺Լѽ
СţԲ㣬Ҹ룬Ҫ㣬ǧҪ΢Ӱﳬ㣡
Сţ㣡û°ɣǲ˵ˡ
Сţqaq
δæȻһԴĶȻ㿪΢һ۾ɨ˺Լصѡ
δ¾硿
#δ¾#ˣ˵ߵµӰδŮһšԲߵѾˡ۱ȭݣ۱ȭ
#δ¾#ҿδ׼ĸˣ

δֱӵȶߵ΢һ˵ֳԱ΢ǸߵϷˣ˺ܶԱܺãΪĳ˵Եʹ
üңȻӵۿʼìͷָ
ȻֳһȺ·˿ʼùľ˵ûݼ˸ϽȦݱˣ
ߵȻҲӸ֪£δ⣬δԱǰ;һλ߹ȥҪδһЩ
ֻδ̵طֻϲκξɥˮСںˮתͷЦдк
㲻϶ô˵㣬ߵݣౣ֤һ˭Ϣϡ
϶еģûϵ˵֮ǰݼҲʵδӴȡһƿˮݸߵüۼøߵЩ㶵ƶͦõģ͵Ϊ
ӰƱ϶ܵӰ죬δ˵㲻𣿡
ߵһšˮһڣʮֲмǱŴȥģƱôûϵ
δüЦҺһҪºܶྭģܹƷ

 11 

ƽǳǰܣǷ˹Ӷһˮй¶飬С㣬ϵ˾׷й¶Ϣˡ
ǳһüָ⻬Ļ²δݼ¾类۵ݣʱˣһǷŭǰס
ûϵСδڵ״̬ô
¶ɣ˵Сûа·ϡ
ǳ΢΢һ㶣ϵ̸δ벻ٸͳԺ¡
˲ͳֻһߵƵһδ֡
δģҵԼĿ
ǳѹҪδ볷ѵĳ嶯δԼţ֪ˣʱȲҪж
ȵ뿪칫ңǳĿͶԶգǹһ˿õЦݡ
δҲҪˣӦ֮ǰһԷܵˣеοе㲻ᡣ
.
ҦؿǵضǶδĳ󣬳Ц
鷢͵ĵڶ죬ȲظϵƬҪδҰܵɫ
תһȦ˽Сĸߵδ룬һֽʲô
￩һ£һû˵Ľδı飬ϵôδô޶ԣ
Ĳ˭ɢҥ𣿡
δɢȣ˵ңҲ֪˭ġ
ߵüͷüĿ϶ɳ涼޷ɹ»漰˾ıܹлɶĻ϶Ҫңⲻǵ˽˶Թ
δͷ۵ؿִҪҳɢϢ˵ĸߵԷ룬ֹߵȥ
ұ֤Ǹ˿϶ˡ
ߵŽɵĿδϴת˼˼ӣһⲿƬԺ˭ģҲҵŶ棬㣬ټˡ
δЦеشӦߵʵֻܴûЩԱ룬ֻҪǿľԱ˵ƬngεĻϹģֻƬûпݵˡ
ΧСԺδܿҵɢҥԵס
øߵ棬ǲ뵢¾̣ҦأҲŹ
ȻҦݼҲݼĻ
ƳĿͶһǵҦأ𴽽ǡ
Ҧδ뿴һ̣Ҫؿĳδ˵֪ġ
֪ô˵ҲʵҦһذοԼͷȴһ֮ȥƣƤҲؿʼ
ҦغδĶϷҦػ·վԭؿſδ룬ĸоԽǿʢ
action
类ƶԼ˵Ů˴е⣬ƶѹ䲻ϳ㡣
ƶͳףΪҪóΪ
ǰɽׯ·ϣ˺ɱƶһ˺͵Ѫϴұͬһ
ƶصһô棬ʾҪע⵽ƶͣʱлһ˿м
Ǻܿͽ˻ɱ鱨
һ˲ע⣬ҧ˲ĶҩԾˡ
ƶʱһذףһ˵Ĳϣң˭Ҫɱҡ
˳Ĭ
Ȼϸ𣿡ƶ۾ͶӳɱֵݣһĨ־ӵЦݣذһĨ
翴ı飬Ȼһ˿̡
ҹƶȥҰ磬ʰһɱԺʲôо
һɱ˶ϰ߾ͺˡΪˣֱŵİο
ƶȻˮ̧ǱĨְҾȻһ㶼¡
˵ǲرϲң
˶ٵͷϲ㡣
Ҹոڴϵʱ룬ұЩɱˣǲһΪұ𣿡ƶȻ̧ͨ۾ӿֵĳ޺ˣбѹı롣
cut
δգգ۾˼ᣬĨȥҦЦЦ
Ҧؿһδ룬ոһΣȫѹˣﱾìײڽ⣬ȻȫδĽȥˣǿһɵδ룡
ҦظԽܵǣδˣʹһƬհףʲôʶ벻ˡ
ҦʦݵûȰɣδЦӯӯؿ컹ûĹأϣҦʦĶϷһ͹
Ҧ˲һǿջЦ
вǡв
ǰɲţδǸʵѹ
ڿһĻͷȻЦδѹҦصϷȻǸӡ
ߵͬصͷǸĶһ£ֻͻŮǵˡ
νɣΪδݲãŸŮϷ𣿡
ߵһеȻһĴȣͷ˵ȥģҰһľ籾һݣ

 12 

Ҧغò״¼¶лһذοԼû£δҪĻͱϳ顣
죬Ҧذ´ؿҦ㣬㡣
ңʲô
ҦĿŵˣİŻش𣺡ңҲ֪˵Һȥ
ʱľ籾һС£ߴȻһرԱĵݣѹں籾Ժ˭Ϸݻ٣˭Ľɫ᲻֮ǰˡ
οΨһͽְֹҹֻδһˣߴԺﹹ˼һľ籾ԺķЧƾֱ˾
Ҧ֪ߴԺɫٿȻòҰףĴţԽܡ
ΪʲôҪģѵǾͲ𣿡ҦطйƵĴ󺰣˵ԺˣδôѹϷġ
ҦصָǶס룬ǲδԼϺ˵ݣҲԣ˼Ǵʽˣĸߵ϶Ҳ˼ɫ
ߴ̾һҦأҿ⣬Ű٣ȥúϢôΪⲿӰ
ʼöľ籾֪δСݵʱ򣬵סɫԲŸ˾籾֤ǸʵԦɫһõѡ񡣡
ҦرͱδϵĴѹŪߵĻѹ˼û˵񰵵߳ȥ
Ϊ֪ߵ˵Ķʵ
̲סԼˮϺδݣԳع𴽽ǡ
.
ľ籾ˣδ뾪ȵؿŸߵһͷˮش򿪾籾
ߴһֲֻʼⶨľ籾
ֻϧδ뷭һ籾Ժ󣬶ʱȻģֻߵľҦѵܾ
һ䣬ڵݾ籾ҿԣˡ
˵ҦǰɣҲӦˡ
δԲ񣬸ߴҲЩƣʵҲûϵҦػô˵׼õһ˵ǻûõϣҦؾͲҵһӦˡ
δ벻֪ʲôģҲҪȻúճǰĻߡ
¸ǳʱ
ΪݵرãݾԸϷˣ
δͷݵúòŸĵģǴӵӰǸĵľ籾
ЩҲ֪ʲôǳ벻ݼ⡣
ⲻ֪ǳı仯Ϊλĵͽеõ۵ĺûҲҪʱĸߴ˼ÿʱÿ̶ǳδϷôôΣȻһһ䣬ɹǳϴˡ
ȻôˣҲҪúݡǳЦȥȥ¼Ŀ
δϽҡͷúùɣкչˣݶҲͦã֪Ҫϻȥ¼һĿҷ˰ļ٣ʱңϢһᡣ
ĹȻȻشݸǳĽ˲ʱ䡣
УʱȥϢδûòĿǣͷļҴİְȫǹħȥ岻Ź֡
һĿ⿴δ룬ܴ绰ˣС㣬ôܡ
.
ܿ͵δȥ¼Ŀǰһˡ
Ҳͬϰ˵룬ˡٱۡŰȨĲݮtv˵ǽ⣬ͬһʱ̸ûһƹ㡣
극ˢµĴǻcp򻳰ķ˿˵ķ˿޼δķ˿Ҳһλ
ݮtv׼ʱ˵һڽĿĻȫڴ򿨡
ˣ޵˧д˧
Сű
㲻ηηŵСҲܲμӽĿ˲low
ЦˣĻƿԲμӣôͲܲμˣ֪ʩܵʮ𣿡
򿨣Ķĸо
ݣĺãС¶ͼ򡣡
˭оö졣
ǲдˡһ졷ĸ𣿡
Ҳ
ȻҲϲδ룬ܴ򰡣̫ÿ˰ȣ
˫ôû뿴Щˣ

ӰӰһ̣ĻһС߳
ʱ򣬺ܶ˶ʼ
ⲻǳα֮ìĿ顭ϲ
ֻ粻ѡδ롣
Ҿʩźΰѡ˭ᱻ磬̫ˡ
˻䣡ϲ޳

δͷʩд˴˵ʱҲð˺üĻ
δ뾹Ȼѡʩţ𾪣
ҾȻáδ˵еá
ʩſδ۾ðǣ̫ɰˣ
δֽΣҲͿ飬Цˣ
ˣҶ׼򻳰ˣڸʲô
Σ̫ˣոպö˵δ˶ȥˣ
ԡһλСҪһ̼
ĻݺгһϷʱ׽δʩĬĬ˵ʱ򣬵Ļ￪ʼΪǵ
м뿴Ŀ˷ˡôǱĿۺܿûڵĻ


ĳԹðһ
xwyԭô˵𣿡
һڽĿ˵ıҶûע⣬Ҿ;xwysy𰡰
¥Ǹˣҽŷ˧Ư
ӣĿԺںѿڣȻңҾˣЦ˵ĺòҰֵ
ң
Աһʩţ㲣
δ˭¥ˮ𣿡
¥ѾӦá˵ģδ˧һ߸ǰ֪
ʵֻ֤Ҫδ벻Ϸһǻϲġ
ǲвĸŮӸһʤôǿûעѽĿƫ𣿡
¥λв²ֱаɣŮǿզˣԼͻӱŮ˵ǰҲվӣ𣿡
¥ϵĽ˵˵䣡
δԼһŮ˶ȲϣԲ߳ŭ˵⻰
xվ˷һƵ֮ǰʩŵһƵݣᵽ˶ʱɬӦգҾȻŮ˿ýζ
ղ˵һ䣬ĿcpȥģδŮסˡ
Ժδľż׼ˣҲС
֮ǰĸ鱬ϲ򻳰ҿĿԺֻ۾ҪҪ˰ȫֻ򻳰ڿδ룬ûע⵽뜏ıѾ𣿡
һôضѡʲôѧѧδ밡ȫעʩϡ
¥ˣδתҾܰ
תҲÿһŮġ
.
δ·ɻذֻǰ
ʲô
һɨĻ΢ݡ
δ롪ûһŮġ
δ룺

 13 

δҪ辶·ԵԲЦõؿʳ¯ر
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Ҳаȣǡ
ڶϵ¼ֳʱ򣬼˶̲סδһۣһǰȵĽĿ֮е顣
˶û뵽ռѵһľȻδʩţ˵Ѱɣɵȥ۷̫ˮˣ滹Ǵδ˧žͷʺŵۡ
ҪĻ
ӸˣcpӵСcpʱȶcpȻȲŮӡ
δЩ޶ãֳԺʩš
ҿɲԿ½ƬƬ
δЦ۾԰ǵýС
ʲô
δָصֻĻϣӦϵͳֻϨ𣬡ϵѿû
ʩ뵽öҪһۣ΢һ΢ˡ
Ǿͺðˣ˵һĶɡ
ʩһ롭
ĸ˵öԣǲøǵġ
δҲֻǶ˶ѣǰԼĹ֧֧𰸣ЦŴֻƬ
һغʩ˵ЩƬ鶼ǽֹ⴫ģ͵͵ø㿴ɲܸˡ
ʩž̾ؿдźɫ¶ű˵ŮԺֻʣºÿʡ
ӹֻź漸Ƭо޶˵ģҲǱҰܵģ˶̧ͷδ˵ȵӰһȥС˿ˣ
δЦһ£һԴðǷ˿һˡ
˵һ٩ѹûעǲԶĽĿαǡ
ڵαҲԺʽʼ¼ƽĿ
ڽĿʼǰһӣһֱŽĿۿĺηľ
һѣδʩŲ𿪣һǰδеǿԤУδĿһĽǶȡ
ʩԾһߺδЦûûΣȫ֪֮ǰݻôֿá
һڵαһԺҪӳµӰһźŮһţĿȿԴҲΪǵĵӰ
·Ѿǳ档
һϷּսĿӦйصϷ
һÿӷֱɳһҲμӣһҪܳͷÿĶҪֽȡðɡ
Ϸһ֣ҪϲܽС
ÿֳӣҡһ˵ٵֵ֮࣬һ˵ʱҪѹһ˵ĸĵ㲻һλҵıѡ鿴һλ䣬㹻֤䡣
1ԴκȻ˺1Ժ1򲻴
ԽԽ˵ʺͱ
ѾɳμϷʱδ뻹ںʩ
߳Ļδ롣
Ϊʦ϶ѡϷ˸Ц
δҲһ΢ЦҪϷҪһҴ뷨
˾Ϸ򻳰
δҲû˵;δڴ
ʦʿȰ
ֻòѣδȻʧЦһû˵ֵز
򻳰
ģŮĺ룬ǰҪʱʱ˵ûò
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һ˵Ȩøα
ĸ˶ֱ࣬Ӵ𲽡
һֱ֤ҲαȻǸĿУŮ޿سѡðա
ðֽ֮ͳһ򿪡
ڶδ뿪ʼƳһۣһ壬һġ
У򶨵غ
ҿʼ𲽣Ϸ򻹲ôδʲôҲ
˻мα⣬λȫ˼·ʶΪδȽ϶ࡣ
塣

߸
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ԭģؾһ£һȦΧ˸塣
˸򻳰һı顣
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ÿ˶ǿ֤ˣʮԺ˶û
δȫûҪ֤˼ԼƿԴԥһᣬδûв֤˼Ҳˡ
ʮ塣
ģֿһԼһһ㷭飬ҪӲͷƤȥߵ򻳰ȻҲ֤
мαɫ൱ش֣
򻳰ɫ΢ףŴһ
ģظں档
򻳰ıˣضδ룬տʼǺӦŶԡ
δЦеҿ˼ʦĸ
û￴һ򻳰
뜏һ³ͷݡ
뜏Ȼ鲻ôãھͷǰȴֳı飬ϣҪ̫Ѱ
ֽ̯Цһ£΢ͷ񻻳ɶѳգʱ죬񻹲
δ˼ؿʩֱųͷı飬룬۲켸֣ûرֵĳͷֽͺʩһһ
ò˵мαδ治ɫţʵ̫ˣ˰ģغ򻳰ץ̣ۼĸͷһֵʱ򣬵δ⡪
ʮһ
һ룬ͬ顣
δƶû򿪣գգ۾תͷȥʩš
ʩһ£Ȼ߸˵ȥץͷСֽˣոտĳͷݣʩʵģδҲһһ־öԷ䡣
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ʦİɡ
꣬Ʋ˵ƣδ޳׾ʳָڴߣڳĶӯЦ⣬ǳֽˡ
ʩŵӰǰʩ¶ʲôı飬̲ס̾һŮôˣЩкô찡
ʩŴӳͷֽ˳˵Էʮŵ㡣
ҵ죬ͷɣЦ˵ʮŵòƺܼ򵥰
ȳֽСſʼɡ
ʩԲ۾δ룬Ҳⲻͷ̫ˡδ㳤úÿԸҲ˧ִʱܾҵرɿߺůϸġ
Ժֳ︡δһƬѿһǿ͵ݼҲرá
ֳԼӵİ
ɡӡŵĿʩϣĿĳפαҪҡʩŵļһ㣬δ뵽׸ʲôԻȻֺҲ˵ó
˵רҵһ¶ֵı飬Ȼ֪ԼѾһ˵СŶʦĿѾˣֵʦˡ
ʵδҲʩһ£һЩ
ʩʼ˵С˿ĵġ
ҲҪúõȥǻ
δѾ֤ѶݼҲϵһڽĿԺʩŻܵѹ
˲˾
Сźܳʵ
ʩŸոյĻûαֹؿδ롣
쵽ôˣʩ߰غ䣬δ޳ܵؼӦʩŵĿޡ
º˲
ҲᣬȻһСߣ󲿷ʱ̹ʣÿɰһСͯڷܣҲ棬ҲܹԺܶ¡
δ˵컺Ϊ˻ҲǷ˼
ʦĻҾûСšЦ˵ڿ²ۡ
ʩŵĲʺƨţƣһô˵
ʩűѾؿҪطȥˣָиСƵĿұģ۵Ľˣ̫Ҹˡ

 14 

Ŀ¼ԺδҪҴҸϻؾ顣
ûȥͿ򻳰ʶüһ㶼ԼĲϲ
򻳰ע⵽üĶԺɫ΢䣬ѹ˵ھﲻҪǱˣ鷳ЩԱҪǺһ㣬ϱҲ̫ȥ׷²õӡ󡣡
δͣԭأЦЦؿ򻳰˼򻳰вıԼ
׵϶ѺȫԼ⣬Լȥ
򻳰ǲвר
Ϊã㲻Ҫ
򻳰ΪʲôҪĪе˫ֻأƽؿ򻳰ĵ˾Ḷ̌ΥЭй¶ƬݵĹԱҲӦþ
ȻһȺɢϢôȷطֽţ׷ȥصĴ
򻳰üǵһؿͱ˵δ룬İ⻹һ˿Ĳã˴ˣ˵ֲʲô
Ϊ˺˵ЩδǺı򻳰ϣûԵ±ԹĺƷʣҾͰرһòӦôȰԼܺþˡ
򻳰ЩջԼ踺Ϊ˻˵Ĺϵ
δԺ󣬻Ҫߣ㵢ʰˣҪǶһʱ䳤ˣ뜏Ҳ᲻˰ɡ
ҪЮȣ򻳰ӲǱϳȥˣŴһ˫ͨ۾ضŴš
δ֪ԭŮ䣬򻳰˵ʲôΪȷġ
ûʰöԺ򻳰ôҲʶǰһˣҪٸҳֶԼҲȥ
źط뜏ں򻳰ܡ
΢̾һǺֵĵطǺôҲǹ΢סֲ
뜏ĿԺ󣬾ͷԼѲˣ֪ʱѼƺǳ⡣
Ҳ⣬ûҪ򻳰ʱ⡣
Ȼ¼Ŀʱ뜏򻳰Ƶڿδ롣
˳Աͨǡɿ˴δ뻯ױ߳ѡ
뜏Լĸܡ
պ򻳰̸ʱȫҸ˾Լˣ˻ͬʱսĿ
Ȼʵͻеʵ̫Զˡ
뜏ʧؿ򻳰תҪ뿪
ѵ򻳰Ȼȥס֣ʹ˵㿴¡
£뜏ظһ飬̧ð۾ʲôôż
򻳰ȴû˵Ϊ֪ԼжôĿɳܣΪ棬һŮֺá
뜏ˣ򻳰޺޵ţҲԽԽδ롣
Ļ
뜏ϣԶ׼Ȼϣոնԭģ򻳰ʹı飬̲סʼԷѰɡ
δ϶ǻûз򻳰ѹ˼÷δҲǰο
ڽֵʱδĻױٶȴˡ
һīĸŮ˳ǵķƳһۣһͣٶûǶԺİһ̧Խǡ
ȫȫûнǷ
.
δصһܹ¿ˮ
ŮԱһô۶Է𲻻𶼲ӰԼķչԼǺϲݺδġ
ܿóδ𽥳컯ɬݼ츳о̾ҪЯǱĺ󱲣οδ뱾ʹԴ֣ûκλ
δͷŵĺͬ˵ЦһԺ󣬾ֵδĻױʱˡ
ߴδյĵһϷʱ߲״̬벻
Ȼվλӣߴﲶ׽˲䶯ػص˾˱кĽʣ߳޵ŮҲض
ⲿƬȻʼľ籾δϷݻԶԽ٣ȴĶϷ⣬һϷľҦء
ҦЩ״̬ǳãϷʱƵسִ󣬸ߴûԺҦػ״̬
ߴﱻݣôû뵽Ϻȵ˲ȦĻƿˣҦưԱ
ҦھŲֽţδһϷʱһЩȦ̫ˣõѾԼԶûаͷһĻ
ԶδֿսŮһűôĵ⣬·ôƽЩڱ︶ôŬͺˮջԶȡ
Լڼδ롣
ϷܱδҲ֪Ҧ²ŴŸ֪ҦԹ˵ĻҲκεͬġ
Լھ͵͹ˣ·ֻкڰҲҧûз
οԼɫֲģµõɫĹ̻ᱻ˳ЦҦûκǴͷϵġ
ng˴ԼʮԺĹ
ߴǺݣһ½ݣٸҦطһļ٣ҲǸҦһᡣ
Ҳʲô£ҵ״̬ҪǲУңҲ׼ߴ˵Ҳ
ҦصıӰ뿪Ժ󣬻ͷæߵδ롣
ǲǺйϵ
δϵĺɫգԵ˳ָһۿյǰ
˵Ҧ𣿡δʵеԩǲôãҲûȫ಻ɳӵĵز˶ȥˣѵǿͷУ
ô򻳰ᱨҦء
ҪǱĻͲھˡδ˵ʵͶ̣ҪûԱѡ
Ц£룬Ҧ뿪ʱ򣬿Թ޵ġ
˵Ժ󣬴ĶȥǱߡ
δգգ۾ոںҪСҦء
ֻΪʲôҪ
.
һܹ󣬡ٱۡڶھҪˡ
һڵȻܳɹڶڲԺ󣬽Ŀõķۡ
ڼ﷭Ƶۣӵеߵļһһ֡
һԺֻҲһ飬ֻѧδþʮ֮һ
Ů˿һĸЦҲû˭ˡ
Ҿ֪δʧ
ʮָӵعصƵᳵ·ص㿪׷Ů²۵Ľƽ̨
ѾкüڽĿȥȵһ
δa
һڵĽĿֻôһ뷨ʩԱߺߴӵı飬ǱɢŸŮסˡ
¥ľûᰡеåЦʩţʩŵôᡭ
ǰҿʩͨ쾹ȻһҲ֣ʩž٣δ̫ˡ
ҾģغòҰƿӵʱֿˣͰ͵ؿԼƿӵݹȥΪһůջĿʼʩűƿӾͿʼδΣң˭Ҳģء
ģء
ģء

δҲðʩ˵°úϷУȻĿŵضƿӡ
δ˵ֻı˵ӾŮƽˤ
ʵˡ
ʾȥݮƵδƿǵʱͣĻüӵ۵Բзԣ˵δôƴǸһ顭ѽҿԺЦ緹ˣʷ
ǳ嶯ħ

ĬĬߣһͷĺţʮǳ
⵵Ŀôδʩŵĸˡ
.
ͬһʱ䣬ģظµķգùȫʱ俪ʼͲֻ΢һۡ
Ѱҹıʾۡ
ȶߵĶƵƿӵƬΡ
رԸļ䲻˵ԸԺͬʱĻŤתˮƿݳȥ
ůůЧͷһתʩˮƿȥδȥףʺŲм䣬ģﱻŪ˻ӰͷһɷĩĵĶ̬ͼ
ģأ
Լûʲô˵ġ

 15 

İְϴ͵ʮӣͷһڷĤ裬ƽ
Ҳûʲôر¡
Ǳ绰һϵıڽĿı֡
رæİְ۷µһߣǿڽ
aеЩȫ
ÿ̶ʱ俴ŵİְ־ǿΪԼûкʱѹ죬衣
迴ɷԡҪȥƵô㻹˯𣿡
İְһλԵܲãһйҪ
ȫηɤӣһ˻Űҹ˯
İְ֣
ίرͣһλ޹ϣҾȥļһͻ
õ˶ʱİְ߽鷿סţϣ㿪ǰ͵͵صҵδμӵսĿ
ǽһԼİְûʹڿսĿ֡ٱֻۡ÷̸Ůݵľİְ־ֲãžͲĽĿ
㿪Ƶ
Ҳ㿪Ĵš
ʮӺŵĴߴУİְ㱵عصֻԹԵɽȴôҲ˯ţԺȫδڽĿı֡
Ҫ˯ˣȻԼɷڵķ򷢳˱ݵŵϽ򿪵ƣű۵İְ֡
ææֱסİְ֣ôˣ
ûӿǱһĻİְָⲻ˼ȴЦҾǾʱ졣
ԭôСһ㣬ʲôҲĺҲˡ
.
δӽĿڶڲԺÿ˴ھҪܼ޾ʺ
Ҫϰˣʣµһλںһ٩ʱҲ֪ôôУſվ͸绰
绰ʰȫҲˣһĲʺƨ
ҪǣʱʱϢ󣬻ǵôһı
δ룺
ԼҪЩ˸
ǱԹģϵЦȴõĲ񻰡
鶼óرá
ܳʳףźصķװ߹̱һƬԱߵϣôڳʳף
δͷЦĸôи
δҲЦҼģ塣
Ҫˡǰ쿪ʼǡͰĸߴ߹ࣺǰһĻľͷûĺãδҲȥױ·һ顣
뿪Σ׼δ˵һߴô鷳Ҳ׷õƷ
̧ͷֻδױȥıӰûһĶûĺãҲûһ䱧ԹͶŴȵ죬·ȥˡ
վԭЦһᣬڵ͹δ롣
ߴﾫ󾫣ڷδĿԺǿԺ󣬶ԴδǲϷҪҲԽԽ̬΢һ㲻Ҫġ
һͷδʮβŹ
ڣ¶ȽԺ󣬸ߴͷԲŻһ㣬ʶԼͶְִ̰Աʲô
δ룬ϷĴе
δ۵ۣ񣬡ߵҵһλͨԱһͦĵġ
۽ޣҲ׷ƷߵûҪҺĶһ

ƬĻҦأԴϴεԺָֻǰǸڿҿѧϰСˡ
δһĻϷ˺üεʱҦĳ죬ŴĵݽҦֻЦɢ
ʼδûȫɫ鴦λɵ棬ߵʼëãŻŻһν
ҦΪδִС϶ᷢƢµӲˣ˭֪δֻĨһ¶ͷϵĺˮƽضԵ˵ȥױоױˡ
ƽؽ˵һεҪ
żɹֳҦؾþûз
.
ʱ䣬Ͼйδ¡
սĿۣڽĿԺδǿƱ뺷㹻˵ϲ
Կ֮ǰ˼Ƭһ⣬ȫƬݼֱ˵ֻҪδ벻ϷܷĻ
Ϲۺܶ࣬ȴûаˮ
δûľˣǳһŶΪıûиҪԭδһ㡣
ǰҲ֪Ϊάڹڷ˿ǵ飬ķЩԱ顣
ҪҪȶȷźÿƬʱδܾˡ
Ҳμֻǿһ·ԵҪġδ൱Ŀꡣ
ȷкܶԱΪ˻ȡԴıȶȣȫȥԴ⣬ֻҪԼչֳ㹻տݼͿ԰ȥǡ
֪ǣеһ˺ܶڷڳûԼɣδúܶ˿ʹ顪뿴΢ʵ̫ˣ
һ
δվھͷǰ۾һ̿ʼǱɱ˫۵ƶ
ߴžͷն㯵ʱĨһ۾ݳԼ뿴ƶ
ƶڼ屻ɱһͳˣͳĽϲǵ鰮
ûԼż˵³㰮Ҳ޷Ѫѳȥ硣
֪ԭ׷鵽ɱһȴûжʱҲһҪ߽ĵĳ¾ܾڸǽ֮⡣
ûаΪǸɱǳѣڿİӺͶֿѾȻ޵¡
ƶ֪壬ԽԽᣬһҪƶȴᡣ
óѡ
Լչһּ棬ĺˣƶôҲ벻һλ̵Ŀ֡
չصȻ֪ǰλǺоɳΨһҴߣûŹΨһֿѶŮ˶ˣǰŮһֻҪԶҷȥ
ƶƳһյ̫ɵЦݡ
ӽԺҪˡ
ɱҵļˡһƽƶȻڡ
ոջչسʣĿ⿴ԭŮˡ
ᣬŷ磺Σһɱ㡣
չĿ⳹׳ȥֽܳ꣬ƶֻ޸֮Ůˣʱ򣬳ϵˣ˺ѷε͸֡
չĽԥˣ˿Ľֻմ̽Ҫ֮ʱոյŮץŽԼ͡
̴塣
ƶڳĻܾԼȥУ΢ɢҲչأֿ죬մȾѪЦѪȶֹ졣
㣬ҪסɱҵչأӦҵģҪұ𡣡
¶Գ˵Ȳֿѣټһأ
㱯ؿƶβ졣
ɱƶˣ
Ϊԥˣˡ
cutߴ¶ϲЦݣƬ˷˹ϲɱ
δεĨĨ촽ûסҲЦ
ǶôǱӺϲɱ࣬Ҹ˲
ΧˢˢЦݡ
˼۾ŰԼ״ӱ˵ѳ
ҲźȦףɱ࣬ϷٶҲ̫˰ɡ
Աɺͷ֣δӹɣÿɫٶ̾ޱȡ
õԱΪȳڽɫڽɫ߲˱ٵԱ٣δ⡭
˼ʼ̲סɢòΪûϵͳѧϰԲ졣
δ벻֪һϵ뷨ȷԱϷʱԼ뵽ɫֻİǰʶѡ
ߴҲ൱ˣһݸδ룬Ц磺ϲɱࡣ
δЦţллݣǻҪģȲǳԷˣȾһ롣
ⲻָʡһٷǮ𣿡ߴҡͷЦﲻζδ߽ͣһֻ
һӰһ𣿡
ߴʱ򣬿δ룬ôͻȻðһУǣĪ

 16 

ȥϷؼңűͷ˯һ죬ֻƣȥԾһƬ
δţһɢŵĻڶû¾ͰԼĺǣ⹤ϵİְ֣Ѿҵгɣ̳նĺӣĬϰߡ
δ½ǣʮ˲ļ
Ũζӿδ˻ᣬ㣬𣿡
ţ֪Һרð˴󲹵һҪһ㡣
δ룺
ԱҪעά̬ģ
δʹֵֿغһСʳİԼһʳ
.
һζ͵Ĵδڶûȥܲ
ͽӵԼ¾˵ĵ绰
սĿ¼ƵʱգδҲҲµľ籾ھͷܺʱ˵ҲӰϷ״̬
ǳҲ绰ףɱ࣬ͬʱĴ㡣
ǰҲСöԴȦǰ̬ȣҾ˵顣
ǵԼʸ磺ҪǩԼļֹ˾ã
ػش𣺡ȥʲôֹ˾һרŪҸУֹ˾ôˣĶ˵㡣
δ룺
ʵ֤ƶ
иõİţȻ⡣
ǮʶʲôЧʡ
Сʱδ¾iڿˡ
δ·ϣԼľˣҲѶԷǣȻһ
Ҳ֪˶ĴۣȻѴӰһľڹˡ
iߣδĥҪʲô̬ȽϺʣ뷨˻ˡ
iǵ͵ŮǿͣͷһճͷһͷɫĶ̷ü۶ǡô䵭δԺ¶Цݡ
ʦãi¾ˡ
ǩͬĹ̵ǺǢ̸Ժi𿧷һڣ۾︡Ц⡣
ϰϵңҷˣȥרŸһ˵ʱһΪڿЦiĺֱںϸ̸ԺڻûʱӦˣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
δ˫űӣƷû٣һƣǱ˿ܼԴƽһѶû뵽iȻ⣬˺ؿiĻش
Ȼнʴһ棬ˣҲջܶ࣬Ҿһѵԭϰ˵δһɹֻΪ·i˵Цҵʱϰδ˵̫ˣı̫ˣ浽ҳ嶯Ҫһ棬ʵ֤ҶĶˡ
iδ뽻ʱ򣬾֪ȦδۿƫĵԤУδĥһ龫µ
δ뿿ɳϣȻҫ۵Цݣòʮ㣺i㣬ҸɣҲʧ
Щ˵⸶ˮ
ƶţiȦôֻ꣬ڵһӰϿ
Ц£㣬Ҳ
iδǩԼԺҪкܶæҪúֵЭȦûߵߣԼں󣬸ҪԼµľˣiǺһ¡
ȻڸܵʱĲܣǩԼԺΪҪߵø߻iһ飬ǱôҲǩԼ
ߴߣˮʹ䳣̬
ֻȴ̫ļһЩܺƽǩԼȴӲЩ׼˲ͨںͷ˿ң޷˵ʱĶҡ
˿ŭһ¼iͷϣҪδľʱҲŵæ⡣
컹зĸ߿ѾʧѽҲһƬá
ǱӦҲյˮĻӦûٸ㶯
ƣʰӣ쿪ʼոµһ죬ھδǱδϴ̨Źʡ
ʱֻ˵һ¡
΢š
δ룺ǡ򽭡ԤƬ
i˲֣ɳϵ㿪Ƶ
ߵƸĺҲǻ˴Ǯͷˮīչ
δԤƬռ֮һȴi
кŮʧȥ껪Ĵ뽿ᣬֻһ߳޵ǣΪ˼ҳһУǿҵĺľ
iƵ飬ɳϣһ
Ҳˡ
δѾһ񣬶ҪģӦǽ黹δ˷ֵչʾ䡣
.
iһϽδӳƷԵؿһ顣
ڶ춥ŨصĺȦվδǰʱһ
i㣬ʲô鷳𣿡δǵԼiĿǰ͸ĺͬһ⡣
ǣiػشϣ췢ҵƵĵģ
֪ʲôiƽδƽˣӰӳԺ󣬻жǲˡ
֮ûκΪ¶֪ȥȦΪ׷򻳰˼ѹϷϣЩԴȫǺ򻳰ͼŵŮԭС
δŮΪΪ£ĶռŮ򻳰ԺãΪģŮԴĴ
ҲʵδԭӵеҸͥԭԴҲȥЩ
ĵġЦЦ
iĹǿδ빵ͨ뷨Ѿ׼
ʮ·ݰĵӰҪģԾŮһҪ׼ܶ࣬ݲһĵĵӰȱͶ̣ȦҲõĵݡδ롶򽭡Ƶi̤ʵһЩЩδ˵Ҫѧϰ£ʱȥԾɫĽ顣
ţ֪ľѽǸɫҲϲδϣһСһiȥԲ𣿡
ɱȻǿiĶ΢΢һˣ϶ܾҪ֪ûڹǰˢζŻᱻʱ˭֪˭
δ벻Ҫ⣬ѾһˣҲ﷭һθͷ
á
绪֮һĵӰԶ벻󵨵ĴӱҲϴ̼йٵݣ׵عǹ﷢Ĺ
һµӰҲˡ޿ͽ
籾ǽһȺ׷̼˵Ĺ£ǵճƵϿȤǧƪһɣÿ궼Լһȥִ̼Ŀ
ļɽ
ҪڵĴ̼ԼȹζͨһδܵԼŵʵ
һλ˾һδɽ֣Ұʮ졣
Ȳ˵ɽ飬ıļЩĿҲҪüͷϸϴëõˣ籾ҽɫѾˡ
Ȼֻĸɫ鿪ʼ£ҲżϷɸѡ˵ı׼
δ뵱ȻܰЩȫѧᣬiϵȦĶָʦ
ʱʹҴҵػιȥˡ
һæۻˣ躬۲ѣɼûһ˶δ˵ɡ
֮ҪŽʣ¼ڵĽĿȫ¼꣬δͣ˵ǰѧϰĿ顣
¼һڵĽĿʩһȥ档
֪һرõĻҲͦģҪҪһȥ
δһˮðͽϰɣҾ˾ˡ
˸Ƶܳȥȷʩ˵ԺǿûһĹϵ޷ΪԱ
ʱĹϵܣʩ򣬽δѾÿĵҪеʲôĶҪó
δҲֻҪʱ䣬ͻĵػظ˵ĹϵرǢ
˾ٰ˻ǸȤĻҲԲμӡ鵽ʩŻԱԺǰ̨СЦݸֿˡ
߽棬ʩҪȥʲô
Ӱݵ¾磬һԾʱ仹û
ҺǿĵĵӰġʩСһı顣
ţ˵СŻᵯʱӣ¼ŪֻδЦؿˡ
ʩգգ۾ѣ֮ǰû棬һȥ¼һݸ㡣
ʵеģʱҲûפٸ飬²á
Ҿ֪Сˡδ뷢ĵظпСźùԡ
ѴĶŽδ뻻һе·ʩԼڻڵĵط
;УδȻע⵽ǰкüΧһȺԼһ߳СԴˣ߽ǶԻԺ˶٣пԼʲô
˵ǰ﹤ôǲˣصӳĸҵҲ׼̨ˣ
Ϻǣ˵ôҲҪɡ
򫋣Ǹ缸ҲûҪΪ˼Ǳ˳Цġ
δԼǱƸеȾˣһ̶ͬġ
ûվǱߡ
Ҳ˵ϣȫҶһùŮһЩʼչһķɸ
˧Ҫ̨𣿡Цӯӯȥ
ԽȺ򫋣΢ɵ·Ҳβס毺ԸеģЦЦΧһȦЩ˺ְǾȻ˼ЦǳģģµҪǿء
򫋴֮ǰ޵δ룬˿ȥױݣһžͿǣԷǿʢ
һһСࡣ

 17 

δʵ̫д, ЩΧ򫋵ĶǸ򻳰ϵˣҲ֪򻳰ƨɺܵŮ
δ, ֪˭ͻ𣿡
ƹδɿ˺򫋵ľ룬üЦҾ뻤ôˣǰڳŻ˭أ
ЩҲ򻳰, һŸҶ˵ĻδļҵǧļҵĵǰЩ˲ֵһᣬ⻰ɫ΢ı仯
֪, ֲǲ֪ˣҲˡ
δԴͣΪʲôҪչ򻳰飿ѵҶ𣿡
Χһҭ, 򻳰, 㰵, 
򫋳ӰԼһԴŮˣվǶ, ǧ, ڵؿЩ۵ĲӬǡ
۵΢ı, ĬĬվһߣ˫۾ɨһȦΧˡ
δǰŶԷʱ˺ٻ־Сˡ
δһĲͣЩ˹˼ļңֶδ̬Ⱦ⧲
δȫɿ򫋣ļȫǽϣЦЦسǰһڣѲǻС˵ﷴһºݻˣ
ڳҪҪ˵仰竣
˲뷨һߺ۾뿪
𣺡ʲôĿġ
ֱӡ
Ҳνı֡
δȴϲżɽ˵
δ룬űرңϴ򸸵ͷһؿδ룬Էʹеȫһ
ԲɵҲ򻳰
򻳰Ĺϵδں򻳰ӦԶԶģ벻δ뵽ͼʲô
δΪżӨ׵ʳָڿ黭һͬķģɫ⣿£˵ĵ˾ѣ˳һᣬָ򻳰㿴ĸܽһ㣿
򫋣
Ȼһֵˡ
δ뱻Ŀⶢ΢飬ڨڨ±Ǽ⣬˵򻳰ЩѹģҲ𶨶ñˡ
򫋺üҪӣ
δؿдʣôܽأսԳˣ
򫋳Ĭ˴Լмӣĵͷˡ
δ뿴ǰߴˣٵĿֿͬʼġ
ոյ˴𰸡
ŮһŮԸıһע¶硣
Ҳûʸȥ۱ˡ
ȥμӻˡ
Ҫ뿪ʱֿˡ
ڲϲ򻳰𣿡
δɾγϲˣϲԼ
˵ĻӦ򻳰ٰģһ²䣺ΪǸŮǡ
δͣԭأ΢΢̾һ겻֪ڷ˯һˡ
治뿴򻳰
֮⣬Ȼǰ͸ڵ򫋾Բɲ˼ˡ
뵽δֻǼӸϵʽɡ
ؿ
򫋵ĳƫڸɾʵֱ֣һʱɱǿ
ʣҺѸʲô
δ˵꼴Եǲ˷Ե֡
򫋲Ϊֽſʼ˵˵Һѣ´۸ʱңҰͷ
ͳԼֻСıӵϵ
͸Żճζָµ֪
.
򫋸δҵʩѾǶʮӺˣʩſ˹ץ֧֧˵δ룬ȥ¥ȪɣĻе㳳
Ѿ֪Ĳ߻˭ˣδЦһԴ
δ˳Ļش𣺡ţ˺˵¥֣һȥ棿
ð
˳ȫû򻳰뷨ʩԼԱݼһδ۾Ц
ԼҲ̫ˣ붺ʩš
ʱġ
򻳰뜏ϴγԺ󣬹ϵøܣû¾Ͱһ
λǸ뜏ľϲֻһȺ˹սǡ
ôˣôż򻳰زʡ
磬С˵Ҳһ˿ͻǵϰһ졣
򻳰ɫһûд𣿡
Щ˱˴˶һۣЩѵؿˣǱʣδˣҲ֪ļǧҰҪ֪ҵ϶ûùӳԡ
δ룿򻳰ʶɨһֳҲˣ
ǻ֪µģЩƶŵһ뷨ǿ˶ҡ
ŪǰԺ򻳰ҧǲùˣ
򻳰޷רĺ뜏ˡ
뜏ʼľϲڷ򻳰ĲԺҲһЩĵؿ򻳰磬ҪȥϢ
û£ץ뜏ֱ֣һ£һ£к˵һλͬĸĵܵܰɡ
뜏üţǸСĺӡ
뜏򻳰һЩСʱ飬ûʹ򸸵Ŀ⼯Ǳߣ۵رס򻳰ô򻳰
Щ֣¶ѣ򻳰һֻḧü
뜏򻳰ڻСʱҲûδ룬һӵĻûй
뜏˵ȥɢɢģ뜏߳ȥ¥ƵģҪҪȥһ¡
û̫ࡣ뜏ЩȸԾصͷ뵽Լ棬ҡͷܾ
û£ңӮĹ㡣
򻳰뜏ȥ¥
žͿܶΧһ
뜏¿֣˳򻳰ӣǱʲô
򻳰Ƴһۣ̫࿴ңǽŷ϶˸߸һĳ룬뜏߶˵имңӮͦ࣬ҪҪȥ
뜏صͷ˼Ⱥڿˡ
򻳰һضųСӵŮˣ´һԿ֣򻳰Ҳϵóδ롣
ۣúúáʩüЦضǰĳ룬һݵؿδ룺ôʲôᡣ
˵ҲĶȥˣǰѧһƤë
ѧƤëôˡʩžۡ
δЦһᣬƳ룬ԼԱһŲҲ档
ʩæҡͷҲеģҿ϶䡣
δѼϼܣߴʩ·ƣû£ӮЩ붼档
Ա߻кЩ·ʩ档
򻳰һֱδ룬֪ԷûϹ
ҵĻ·ǰδ̫ѽˡ
ʩĳϼֱϷڶδöٶʩžܶȥ
ʩŻƫƫ񫣬δ뿴ֱ࣬Ӵʣµĳ룬档
ʩؿһ۸ոյλãδ롣
Сͽˡ
СͽǾ˼˵ͷһԺܾûˡ
δְǰЦ˵û뿪δζ
ҪԺ棬ϷҴһȥ

 18 

򫋴ӹ˾ҹ, ȫоƣƵģϴȥ鷿
ֻһ, ʶ㿪Ļδ뷢ϢҲеһǲ֪Ķļ
Сıȳ΢Ц, ջġ1
΢΢һ٣΢ؿŽշݼȻҲ֪Լô룬ֻĻδЦݣǽӲһ£ָֻܿƽ
΢΢ü
һоһ
.
šٱۡһڵĲ, ԽԽȡ
һѧѧڿγ̶࣬æѧĻ۵Ҫټ, ˵ܵ䡣
Ȼڻ֮ǰѳˡ
߿Ժ, ԵĿ˵ͲҪôεʱ, ί˲䱬ըˡ
ûõκΰοҲˣˡ
, ڱµص㿪
ÿε㿪ҳ·һЩܸȤƼ
Ƴһ۵һƵı⡣
, Ů̫ˣaˣ
ҧס촽, ȥƵ
һÿƵĲ֣λŮԶʶ
ڲŵһĻǽĿõϷǿֲؾ飬һǽ⿪Ժ󣬶ϵĻػῪͿ˺ɫϵĵֽš
Ϸһ̣ԵؽֻԶһŲŵסȻƵȴûԤ֮еļ
δڸ֪ͷ춯ʱʩţͬʱһֻסʩŵ۾
ʩֻ˶žߴصδɿһֻ֣һãһΪͦ˵Ķ㿴¡
ƵݻԾͣоδ뻹ͦˣͦд緶
ȻƵȻĿǰʮڽĿ˵Ƭȫˡ
ʩϷʧܾɥʱδԴοû£ӮС
Ȼһڽǰơ
ʱδָСʩŷֳһ飬ʵʱЦ̹ϣЩʱԵ־ǡôĻᡣ
нĿôŮʱδڰɫϣشڷִ
ȰѡΪҷ׵ŮԣǾΪԼԼʵŮԣֵñأ˵һŮӲôҪǿر𲻰仰ǿԲҪǿΪһ¸ķѾ񣬲Ϊñ˶˵ûҪ
ʱԸͱ˵һº۰ҲæָҸôֻһ»߰οһ£Ϳ

һһƬϼƵһӡ
ĬĬһƵݣԼֱаһѣӴؿʼ˼ѵĹϵ
ѧͰæµ޷ҪԼĴѧʵ壬Ȼżۣ󲿷ʱ䶼ܿģѱԹҲֻǺֻ⡣
ǣ㿪΢ţҪ̸һ̸
շһűȥһǷıһظôҷƢ֪˰ɣ
侲ؿϢ˽̸뷨
ֻ
Ƿְɡ
.
ڶСǣյԼŮѸԼսĿ
ҪÿһھҪдһʮֵĹۿĵá
Ŵʱ뷨ȥ
ԺظŮѷϢ
ţҴˣ̷ʡԼĲ㣬ӽԺʦúѧϰ
ⱻԺΪѵЦϳѡ
һʱϳ˸ָµıǩ:ʦѧϰ̸ȫԹСڵҵ⡯
iڿԼһʽԺ󣬳ص̾һǰдõδŮļĬĬŽ
ˡ
ЩֱƯŮδѾǰΪԹˣö˳ΪδĺڷۣԼŮѷˡ
iĪɾ̲סˣ㵹ദû⣬Ҽδʶ˭𣬻ǽǣޣ
δһԺҲ˰޿ͽԾʱ䡣
ʱѾˡ
ͣԾص棬iͷδ룬΢ģԾ˶࣬ڵ״̬϶û⡣
δͷЦЦǬiҵĺϢ
³Χʹ˽ȥ
Ⱥһ۾ͷδ롣
ڲ˵Ȧһʱδҥܶ࣬ῴδˢˢ¶ȵı顣
»ƿɵˣȻݰϷôôأ
δһЩߣûЩһҲΪЩ
ﷴ˼飬ֵˡ
ȥԺǰŵĸλ¶ȵı顣
λмĸ˵ʲôδܿϳǾǰֻ
΢ұߵ˷һ˿עΪʲôҲ
ǵĻüδ룬δһ۾˾޵ͣþùҲֻУ˵ûʲôݼ˻
ƽˣԱ⣬ʣĽɫȫԾͶ˽ǲܵġ
ֱ壬׼δԺѵһֻߺŵԱ
ԾĽɫٻһٻֺһͬѾ˵һĻ
ٻɫҪ͵ʱھľ̤ڰء
δԺͷ۾һƤ۾û˯ѣͬʱ±ӣ˫˴첲
ڷƺ޷ԺתͷȥԱߵˣɽ˫ۣһܱ
ɣѡèһҡ˰죬Ҳһֱ˯
ıľ˽ţһֱźɣȴʼղԸ쵽¸ܺ
ȷһԺı壬Կհʮ룬ĵվ˯ȺԵɫͺһҰס
㶵վԭأ΢ݣۿյģȴҲûˮ֮ǰǵϣ𻨳
Ŵ۾ضһҹ֮ˣڿ־ͷ
һֱ׷ɣŵ嵽ʲô
ʼѾˣȻԼ֮ǰҪһڵ˲Ҫ߽ݾ£˫ֽգѿصķǳãһССĽ飬ٻһĽɫıãйߣҲһѾнԼһнȻͬԼڷйԺҲӦƽ
˵Ժ󣬺ȻЦҼٻһˡ
ŰߵҲڵͷδͰͲͬǿ˽δģıʵǳϡ
һż綼ڸԱȴ΢鶼Ƶ˾˿δڿ˻ҳ䱦
δϹллָһȥĥġ
Ц⻰ôɫѾˡ
㲻ǶѾ¶𣿡δе㲻˼ЦЦҺƤ˳һҲаɡ
Ǳ򫋶
ûδ롣

 19 

δȥһλԾ˵ļ϶, Ťͷλ˵Ǹոպ˵ʲôţҿû塣
λݳĬ, 籾ؿ籾ˮĺˮӲϵһԱ߽䣬ϾʱΪֹ
δ, ѵ˱ףȫůغһ
ԾôδһԾiҲͦţ˴ĵһλӰ⣬⻹ͷһθֳȽ
ɣȾϵiɡδƤգգ۾, ΢΢̧򦣬¶ߣеСıذϡ
iҲ¶Цݣϲδ볯ӡ
һ, δ̽Դ, iֻҪȥ, ΢š
򫋵ĳڵһҳδÿֲиڸԷ, żҲ䡣
򫋵΢ͱһȤ, Ǳδ뿴һԼļģʽ΢, Լûʸ˵˼ҡ
Լֺôȸǿ
δ΢̾һԱȲǧŲ
СıôǶ
򫋣ⲿӰ̣һ
δ룺
еԼĸܣԼôŮ⣬ȫǸ֣ǸܲþСš
Լߵɶ֪ѧҵϻźüȥͺţƵ֤Աλ˺üţľˡ
Ϸôһ赭дĿ˵ͶһӰδĳԴ
ΣȻδɢ̬һɢˡ
i㣬ѵճɣȽҪ졣
i̧ۿôˣ˵ýԾһ𣿡
û£δҡҡͷûеżٵʱ򡣡
iı飬޿κεصͷδ̫ƴ˰ɡ
δ»عæµһֱi绰ˡ
ֻشiϸ֪ͨ¸Ž顣
΢΢һ٣ԺЦδ룬ϲ㡣
δҲԼӿãеʱô֡
һ˵ݣɶԼȰĶϿݼһ̣Գϲ
ѵһͦɵ飬ԼĿֺ׽˶һ顣
ļһķӦңδ밤ϢԺֻһֱͣȻͿԼпﲻϻǮС
Ǯ˱ʾϲķʽһ
ʣΨһһλýǮ軶ϲص֣ð̽óԵף
ʩָܿδһµ¼ףǰǣδһ˳á
δҲһݣ벻ǣҲغ˵˹ϲ
ϣδȦ￴Լļ˰طһҪݰϷϢϣλѶ֧֡
δİְֵȦǰȫǸ־÷̸ԼδзչƵĹ滮٩̸ϵĻ΢
ǳĻһ㣬Ҳ̳İְֵȦɫ
ǵҲ֪ǸҪյ˵ľٱ
˺Ľ档
⻹ͣһСʱ֮ǰףԺᵽǲΪһ
δЩӣѾ̵ʶĳЩʶǷȱʲô۶ӣϽͱΪ˱ף⣬ֻҪ⵽ʲôν
󶪸һȵȣȻ͹һСʱ
ֻȻյ򫋵ĵ绰
ҴǼ¥¡
δ棬ɶطѾôˣҲ԰һСᡣ
򫋹ҵ绰վ·Ƶ´ԼŵСУϢڿɰ
һãŷԼΪЩ֡
ûԼΪʲôµʱ򣬴źɫµŮСһɱ
ʶؾĺӣҪ˵ףĻ
·Ůĸ첲ƵشΧﴫôվȣⶼѾʮˣȸɡ
˵Ժץĸ첲ǰŴŽֲԾ
ֻδͣһҰڵıǰţĵƹһƬأδȥȥΧдӡ
ŤͷƺãվԭأЦ治𣬸Ͽɡ
۽ޣ˳߽ůˢһ⡣
δһߺ˵Цո͸ߣе̫ˡ
һ÷ɵȻԼŮվſڣ߻һ߸
ˣ
δջЬҲһ˫پ
ҲʲôɣֻһʮĴˣǰĸȥúߡ
Ȼ򫋵ĿתƵϣ΢΢׵ͷ̺á
ڿ⻹һ˧˵ʱ°Ȼط÷ɣֽ˲֣ôҲ˵һҪôҲû׼
δűԴԸ̧͵͵һԵвû֮⣬Žƽ
ŪôԺϡˣǰδܸ򻳰ҲûѣһӳһλѲ˵ԾˣǧϹ
˺öݣ֪δԾҲڳ˫۱ŷĿĹʣŶֵô
ñֱݵúܺãԾԺݾͿˣҲݵò
üЦһʱ޲δ༸ѡ
δ뱧ԭҪ¥÷һ߳ԣһһؿ
û¥´ܾãͰѿռøˣҪԭ÷¥ʱδѾԼòˡ
裺
¥Ժδ÷ɣһˮԼ汻İְֺ軵ˣôɵΪҲó
û⣬ͷһοҴѻؼң̫ˡ
𣿡רעؿδ롣
δ΢΢һ٣ͱ˵ģǺôҲôãȻҵѡ
򫋶ڰ׷۾ִٵصͷܿ񽻻㣺ǸûʲôѣԲ֪ˡ
δȻЦʲôñǸģ˵ʵҿһرϲ
⵹ģ򫋵ĽӴһԺδ뷨Ҳ𽥷˸ı䣬ֻ򫋱ôµ
ڿԲ𣿡ָʡ
õԷ׼Ժδٵزų᲻ܿʲôҪ¶ϲı飬Ͼ򫋵һθԲܸʲôӰ
˵ܼܲʲô˵Ķ
ӱҿδĿⴥ棬δʲôǱȹһ
ȫ¶һ鿴͵ʱԱɹûб˿̵ı顣
οĿбȳԳŵδо
ǲǱΪȦֶΡ
̫ˡ
򫋵ͳϸᷢһţ֮ǰûи׼ʲôҲʱ˵ġ
δ̹һЩ򫋵ļٺλӴˣϵĸŮ͵׷ֵʳĲǵó
⿴Ҳδؿŵ⣬Լƽ̹СԼٷһ죬һ졭
ȻȡСӺ͵棬Լһ顣
ҲһЦǺϲԵ⣬ҲҪģԺǧٸŮˡ
򫋳Ĭһ£δǰﲻסһ㣬Ҹ𣿡
ûУδԵĶδͣҡͷ߹ҵ
΢˲ʮӲؿδ룺ĺܺãҪʡ
.
šٱۡĲţδԽԽ·˷ۣ΢˿ĿҲٶ
չϲԸķ˿ռݴŮռ
Ҳ֪δûʲôƷһֻСȦġ
һڣʩſδݼãδĺڷ۳سһͨЦǾϲûʲôʵѧˣҲ˵ʩΪ˵Ҫ۾˶֪δݼжá
ȫʱ򣬲δʩŶûгЩͲδݼ۵ķ˿Уܲ뿪˺öࡣ
ֱ򽭡깤ȷӳʱ󣬽ӳƬηϡ
ܿ조δݼǩٴܺ죬ƵƯҳ
һֱžķ˿ȺƵը˻ҲǲȫĬҲվΪһڴŵӰӳһ̡
ͬʱƵµ廨š
ߵһתƷֱʣȫǮţ
Ůһδ롭ǣˡ
¥ϵĽǣұˣδ࿴Ǹ񡭡ˡ
ұ²δģ֪Ѿӿ˶ٱ飡δݵúð
wocŮǾȻδ룬ӳҲ㣬ӳΪƱשߣ
ûƵһ΢۵ˮس˰ɣҾȻڴδݵúá
Բ¥λҿˣ˵δǸˣ
뵽֮ǰһʩſδݼãһ˵ȳˣڡԲҲȳ
ڶⲿӰеڴôģ
ͬʱʩ΢Ҳӿһˣ׷׸ʩſЦƵĵǸδķ˿棬֪ʩʱǲѾ֪δⲿϷ顣
һЩӦѣ֮ǰδ΢˵ʱǡú;鿪ʱǺϣڻ΢ĿŶȣǲĸδ롣
ȻδĺڷҲ٣µ۶
Ϊ˰ĳ飬Ŀɽֻ˶ǮôЧάͣ˲˲𣡡
˵ûĶݼ˰ľͷܹʮ벻˿һ֮ˣǡ
δǻƿȦҪȾǵ򡣡
ݺϷҪҸƼһƷϴϴۣ
ˣúøղ𣬷ǵϷôġ
iʹδҪҪúӪԼ裬ܾԺҲˣ˿δ˵ȷҪġ
δ뿴һλͦˣʱҲ顣
iҡҡͷĬĬ˳ѣþԼȥٵδ룬Լܰδδѡ
ֱ֪ȡ
ֻҪע˼˿ȥûˮ·˾ˡ
δȥμӵգȷ˴·ԵӳԺſھͺ˰˵˸ࡣ
ʰ׼飬֪϶ʱҲֻǵһЦﻹʩţΪԼһµʩ˵ģδ뻹޿ɱˡ
ϿʼݼʱʩŻ˸߲ҵظϢ¶ԼĿġ
δͶְ̰ˣ¾ʱ͡򽭡ǡײˣߴһӱʾûϵ
ĿıͲƱάδѾΪıݡ

 20 

޿ͽÿһӰﶼƱ, ֤ⲿӰж
Щ˺ͰҲһ磬Ը, ڵ֪ٻδԺ󣬻Ǿһ¡
Ȧ֪ȺܸߣȻʲôҦһçײ˲, Ҷϧδ뱳ǿĿɽû˷ŸԼ鷳ܡ
һȺӰӴ󿧶δ̬Ⱥƽͣ㲻ύҲԲȥǡ
δ֪ΪļԲƽ͵̬ȣԺ˵׼
޿ͽҪĹ߰˷ӵĴ̼ĿӽҪ㣬һ²ԼЩĿʱĳ
ļ͵Ǹҿ϶Уҿָ, ǱˮǸһһԡһλԳʲôµӰԼ
ļҲУ̫ˣһλŮԱҲ˵Լ
һһҿԡ
Ҳ, ҪȻɡ
һת, ӵۣжʲô, ÿ˶Ҫȥģѡõһ
, Ŀָߡ
飺ǰڲɷõʱ˵Լˡ
𴩵Ӱۣ
ҡ
ڶλ˵ԼļŮԱճھͱ, ǰȦ˵һαļ
ݵģĶЩԱ뷨, ˫ֻأǼȻôں󣬵ͲҪҾ飬֪лʲô
ļƵĿ¶飬µ˲Ų̹Ȼ˵ڣֱô˵޷ǲĵªòԱ
ˣһģǾλСѧϰһ£㿴˵ʲô𣿡
СᣬָδһλԱݳ
ݳרҵԱǰ˵ģ˵ԴϲУҲرټϳ忡ײ˵ĵһøС
ʱֵԾǻȻ»عͨ˽һ㡣
ʱ򣿡ҭһ£ԭûƵݳҡҡͷ
ҲһЩδں˵
ʼԼͷλԱ´ļ
⻹δ뵱ʱѹţҽ̬ҽѰ죬һŵؾδ룬ӴĻȥһЩ̼ԵĿѹ
δȥһαļɡ׹ƶ´Ĵ̼ܼرɿհףҲЧ
ǰһԱôİˡ
޿ͽ̸ѣûһԹԱͦȵǣСҲһֱ
ݳã촩¶ྫӣδȻãǺ䣬һԺ޴
Ҳûп࣬ԽԽԼʱľˡ
޿ͽҪڶڼ󣬴ԼһȥһδɽҰʮ졣
ȥ֮ǰǰͨѶһͬϽһ˵ѣҪʮԺҪǡ
λֻһλͨˣ̽ղɹͬϧôȰ趼ûãֻεĿ߽ɽ֡
Ƭδɽܴ󣬾˹ΣӽɽʱʼǣͻȻǵĽ࣬·ͣһλŮŻˤڵأɽ¹ʮ֮ͣˡ
ȻһҪԱ˴˵һȺְֽ˴µ±ԺҾƣҵһƬյأûм·ǡ
һȺڿյػָ˭Ĵ
ϣҳĬʰ˯Ļ˵ŮȻҪȥȺ˱˵һγͻָɻ˶ԽŮָ
СĵȥҲôǱ
ȻѵӻںͷȺûɽ˸ͷϵ⣬һȺ˵Ҳɢˡ

δÿ궼ˣĵصƫƧǴ绰ʱԾûźš
Ժ˻ؾ顣
ֻûɶ;һȺԱĹϵһЩ
Щ˺δԺһĻðյʱ򣬻ʵ򻳰顣
δһظҪܾ󡣡
ԿԣҺܿ㡣
Ҹ͸¶һ˼ϢϴиҪģһҹҰæǵʱСİһϷˡ˵⻰һλȦ㹻̵ŮԱǹڷģԼֻҪ뜏ˮá㣬Ȼ뜏Ů裬Ȼ򻳰
΢ЦţһȦˣǣ治ʲôö
Ա;ãر޹ϥΪʲôмˡ
δûϵȻôǰ˵Щ
δı飬λŮԱʹһĵ񣬡ʺĵطʲôϢȥȳȥԺҲϣ˭Ҳô졣
ֻ˵ݣȻη򻳰뜏
.
һֱʮϲŷż٣ÿ˶˺
δļ٣صŹ޵ļͥ
ǳȻѾԼҵÿڻǻؼǳɷֳȥͬԼСһ
򿪼ţļҹӵһݡ
Ȼδźͼ˴к
ɳϣδŴֻԼΪĺףµһ֡
ڵʱļˡ
źɫ޷򻳰վ⣬ﻹһƷ
𽻼ʵڿԺ˲䵭˱顣
ˣҲԼңû𣿡
δֹԼЦƽʱһӣ˵ʱͦϬ
򻳰ʱ·ӳˣҲ治ɫЦͰ̣δ롭
ͶȥһߣֻδѹûרٰӳԵӡ
򻳰һԼҪĿģǧΪδˡ
վſ˵ݷãرҲֱܰӸߣ鲻Ըչ߽
δע⵽İְֺͬʱͶĵҲûлһߣ򻳰ߵʱ򣬰ԼǰһˮԱơ
ģЦҼˮóԣȥ㵹ˮɡ
պδ빲ͬһٵǳûסЦԼȥ
򻳰ļңůгķΧƲ֣ƾʲôʮҪϳļҵǸ˹ô̹
ԴӺļҽԺ󣬶ʱǴǰĹ˿˺ܶϹ˿ͣҲΪҺʱļҲע⽻Եʡ
𽥵ģҲû׷򻳰²飬Ҳֻ̼򻳰ӣûаѶԷ˾¡
ȻþźûãһЩϹ˿ͷ׷ҪҽԼ˵ǰ²£ϸһŷӡ
⸶Ҫʧȥ˿ͣ⸶Ļֻ޾Ŀ
򸸾ɵԴЩϹ˿;Ȼļȥˣʱðһŭ˽һиҵ򻳰
δһֽ߳򻳰ǰ
򻳰ˮһڣûıˮ
ŵĿһͷɳЦ绨δ룬ͷһֽˮˮζ
ѹδԸȥˮ
δͦǳģ˵ȫϡ
һſӺŮӷ˿һ߻ҹϵ
򻳰Ҳ̫һ㡣
δպõˮԸ
ϧļעȫڲ֮ϣˮԺ𾪵ıһȺϺ꾫۾ܿµδ뵹ˮè塣
Ϊ򻳰΢µһ泩
Ȼˢˢ򻳰¶ĲȻװδʲôû
򻳰ˮˣŻϣºġ
δ룬óһʱûˣ½һиɫûҵԱҺ͵н飬ҪĻ
ˣҺæģδûòش˱߻СԪݸļڣҪȥˡ
򻳰˵Ǹɫǲƾ졣
򻳰ͫ΢ţҪʳδȥĸˣܿ뷨ʧˡ
δģҲʲôõľ顣
Ҳδľ飬ѹȱԱô˵޷δӦԺһɫ˳ñ
㶼û˵¡
δ޺գգ۾طʣǿµĹϵ𣿡
Ϊǻѡ
δ򻳰ҲףǸݼӵۣΪ̫ˣʱݼٳ
סֱŻĸоֱ˺Ƥ˰ɣҿɲ뺦ҵѡ
ļҲ֪򻳰ʲôδ˵ĻԺһҴİְֵ͵ȫ
򻳰΢΢Ļţδò֪Ǽ˰ɡ
ŵ΢ЦδҲúİﻹһ㲻֪ľ⡣

 21 

򻳰ļѰ, ڨڨЦ£δ룬ôֺҿЦ
δЦӯӯؿȥѩ򻳰, Ȼûɵ˵鶶ȥһû֤, Ҳ֪򻳰᲻ͷϡ
ǲ˵Ļ٣ΪֻҪϵһС˵ݣƶ, 򻳰һֺơ
δһ, 򻳰ޱȵؿļ, ڷδֵ뷨εش˴˫֣壬ҺδһЩì, ̳ǲӦø£Һֹ״
Ǹˣİְ΢΢̧, Ͷ, Һһֱô, Ҳ֪˶پҲƨ, ΪΪ˭Ҳûֹ, ǹӮ, ϵѪ
⻰˵ü򻳰ɫһӲҰ, ԭļ֪͵ϵ, ҲѹЩϹ˿ͷʱô飬Щ, ļҾ²˵ĺˣ˵ƷС
򻳰ǰһڣȫҽĺΪʲô
ļ˶ˣļҵֲ˿Ҳһ
򻳰ȫԼıδ룬ܻ¡
ļһ¶򻳰¶Ѻõı顣
ĥԪڽ󣬼Ӱӵ̵һЩҵĹɷݡ
ǳ۽ޣסеĹ⣬뿪ԺϵԼǣ嵹һеԶһ㡣
򻳰Ǳ뿪ļҡ
.
Ԫڵĵڶ򽭡ڶ
ûܶ·ݣɷҲûнܶ٣Ͷ̲õĵӰӳˡ
һλӰˣڸ罻Ӱ
죬ʱĵӰƱ߽ӰԺ
ʮʮĵӰԺҲˣڵӰûʼǰһȦܣеĺá
ӰƪӳƬεķһģһֱʵȷǾˣھԱݼƣúź
רҵԵ۹⿪ʼⲿӰ
ұһҹ֮䱻ѪϴΨһӴܳŮ縺ų޼޸˫˫ĽĳҼ
໷ۣն˲סؾġ
԰Ŀͷȴк˰顣
ĳҲ𽥳ûлͷ·
ľᣬѡ񣬶ǣ˵
ʶһԺ󣬲ԨʹĿˡ
̸һеģһΨһŮˡ
һʱڳҺĽߣΪһػ˽ŴԹнѳ
ֱƬβڲŴѹ
ⲿľ˵ǵԵ衣
β֮֮⣬Ҳ˼𾪵δ롣
Ǹߴķ˿֪һƬҲߴһת͵ӰҪǳ˽ָô죬֪ⲿӰŮһδһߴ˵ǡ
һ飬ھ޴𺳣δȫû⣬ݵƶʱΪһͨĹӰ߶Ըܵƶǿ̹ĵĺޡ
ǻԩҲҪ׷ɱ˵ʮ˲ĺ⣬Ļܸܵжԭء
̫˼ˡ
һɫĳɳδҲıֳһյ뷨
һ鿴п࣬˽ӰԺ˵ڶιӰ򽭡ڸȥ·ϣϵڴﹹ˼ôдһӰ
ϰ˵룬ǳԹɢ⼸ӳĵӰܲҵһƬԼһȥ
һˢ£ߵǡ򽭡
е죬ǰʱǲˣôߵ֣òǳɡһ˻ɵֹţͬʱ΢עбԼעļӰˣһ㶼µӰӳһȥȻдĵãٸ߿ҪҪȥ
һλϲӰ޳ݲ˹Ȼ˹ڡ򽭡Ӱ
·˿ƪЩ㶣ΪƪڴⲿӰ⵽鵽裬˽ĵף˸ߵתͳɹ
Ҳ̫˰ɡô룬ʵص㿪˹ƱȻϵŮѣһȥӰ

ʵ֤ߴεתͷǳɹ
Ϲڳһƶ˷ǳۡ
ƶɫʵ̫ɹˡ
ϽӶسӡ
統ûԥƶǲܴ
ƶֱһĽɫˣԸұͱɱˣ֮Ҳôʹˡ
ƶԺųɳģϧʱѾˡ

ķcpĲϵð̳
ŵ˿ڵ໺С
δݼ
գҿδ뻨Ķˣô˻ǵŮˣ̫ˣ
ģȫδݵģƶʵ̫ˣҺۡ
ǰʩڽĿϿδݼܺãһˣֻ㣡
qaqƶΪʲôҪĵƬ
Ҷδ뾹ȻһøˣԸöݼҲڽ
Ҵû뵽һһδݼorz
ʵҾݵһ㰡ûǰôϷˡ
¥ϵĽðŶϰ˵ǰȰƨ.ɰڶɺãʦΨۣװʲôأ
ҦصľԺѾˣҲ֪δ飬ὫδipadҦǰ
ɸֵؿҦأȦô꣬ѵδǵ𣿡
Ҧҧ´вʣϧȴֲ˵ʲô˶һźŮһţֻķ˿ᵽ
оܵǣδ˵ݼܺãԼδǰǰǹ·ڴϵС
˿ӣı飺ûк棬ʱ͵˵£϶;Լʱֳ㼵˴ѹ˵Ϣ㻹ܲȦҲ˵
.
ҦʮִȵδʵûЩ뷨û׷ֻǵ鷳Ҧص׻ǹ˼ݣûи̫ڳ顣
δӾʱ򣬴һЩصزһݣȻָʩź򫋷ֱһݡ
ʩ˺üɰױʾԼ˷ܣʮֱ׵ش绰ǲʲôҪġ
δЦǽֲ֧ﲻ˰ϴβҲһݵ𣿡
ףص
򫋵һ䵭δѾԲ忡ðı顣
ȥ˱ĵط
򫋱һ£ɵؿڣȥطҪ˴𣿡
šҲһϲһ㶫ָѡ
Ǳ߰һᣬָĦڱԵλãʱģеᡣ
Ȼָ΢΢߬֣ص˵ԺȥҲ
δͷЦЩԼδЦ㡣
ˣȥǶʱ䣬򻳰û鷳ɡ
ԭ߰ºȻһЩɥĪ仯ҹ
ûϸ˵δֻﴧôظ򻳰ģܾ϶Ҳ֪ôӦ򻳰Ǹ⡣
»Ҫ㣬ʲôˣǿŲ
š˳شӦûδ룬򻳰ʱ涼ûͱϳȥˡ
ҲΪδ仰һЩ
Ƿ򻳰롣

 22 

ٻصƵɽ, δϾɵùݴϣ㱻ӲǿŸ뿪һ, ѾʼǸůʵļˡ
̧ԼգȻɼ, ѡ
УҲûʱûźţδ͸Ƶһᡣ
Ƶѹѹü
ôơ
δڱ, ҲͷѹԵ, ʮֲ, ĵƳһ⣬ܰͣ۾ۣɴͲˡ
ⲻͬü, ѵ˹𣿡
˵ˣ˼ҿģδɤ, Цӯӯ, ߹͵˶ǴһЩŮͱȽϴ, ά޵һһ, Ҫ, Ҳͦ, ˵ÿҲ賿ˣò˶೤ʱĵơ
δֶ˵ʲô, Ͻ, 㴦깫˾ȥϢ
ϷҪƽʱһЩƫƫѡƫƧɽ, ãҲҪ̿һ㡣
ѡԱܳԿ͵ģҲû˱Թ
ñȽ˳˿λԱɫôã˵ҷһļٺúϢҪĵʱҪãʱһ¡
ݳرãչŹԱȥᶫ
һλŮԱ½㳯δ߹
֮ǰǻͦԱڳԺܶngҪ֪ⲿӰܶһĳܶ࣬ŮԱʱԱҪһ㣬Լס
һʱ䣬˶ǵͶˣҶк֪ܶϤȦĹδۺһ㶼ȥǡ
źȥദһʱ䣬ԸȻҲͦãŮԱھܿϤ
˵ȥһתһתҪҪһȥ
δ룬ҲûʲôЦŴӦ
ԱҪԼһȥĳһ䣺ڵ磬·ߣעⰲȫ
δͦϲůķΧǻԱҲͦˣ¶͸¶ʵϢ
½رϲС극ùݴһڴǹڴС͸ǡ
ͦϲСӣ
ǰ㻹˲𡭡
һôȻСӲں죬һߺδԡ
ǰͦģҲǴɽĺӣԺͳǮȥɽĺѧǱߵ⣬þȦﻻµٶȷǳ죬ס˱˵·ȻͷѹѩأϵĻȫĸ˼硣
Ǳߵ˸øжѾϰҪǮǶʱԼòǮͱ˸ˣؿžӣȻں죬˵һǮҼعԺͲȥĸǣǡ
Щ߳ȥĺҲûĶģĴҡΣĽ׶Ҳûվ˵ֻһʣΪЩνĸǸһͿ
δ¶ŵı飬һЦǾСͦ٣Ƕʱѹͦ󣬻Ϊ²˺óһʱ䣬ͦˣ߳͹ȵľǰһֱͦлģȦһ˶֪Ȧʵûʲô©ܡ
߹˵ʲô
ſſڴϣЦе˵˵֮ǰ¡
½ԣ޿κûʲôһۣЩΪڰԲûôϷɡ
ٺһЦϣĶûУǸˣԲŲϷ
δ뻹֪ʲôܰʣȫˣû˵ôҡ
ˣֱ壬⻰Ͳˣ˴Ӳ˵ٻ
δȫЦ绨½㾭ô˵ıѣı˶ĸԴӡ
û˵ô߳İɣ½ЦҡͷûôɵǰҪĸģ԰ȫˣҷִˣкȻ޺·ҲмңֻڸԼıǵĺѧҲֻڿóԼĻּ磬ȴ̰ͼǵĲƲ
½Цݵһ㣬ҵĺҲеߵģڽһͰĵӰõƬԺ󣬸ǡ
δ뾪ȵصɴ۾ͷһʶӽԺһֱ½㡣
½İһֱڣľԺЩ̰ģ֪¶ĵ⡣
ҲԼʲô½Цľͺá
̹Ȼ󷽵̸Լ£ȻµĽѾ⿪
δؿ½㣬½˵Ժ䣺ˣҲòϷ֪ڸʲô𣿡
ʬһӱ㲻Ҫδʲô߰ĶĲŸոտʼ
½Цŵ٩Ҳ֪Ǽ²ôã
ֹڰڵ̬ȷδĺġ
ֹЧֻԼԼ£ҶѾʮˣһҪǮ֪㣬Ҿûʲô㣬ڵǮһһˣֲ̰ġ
ţνӰϷΪǰǷ˰顣½²ۣ΢˵Լܵ˴ܣҪȥһʱ䡣
޹صɴ۾ܲ˵ԲλǮ˰ɣһ˵һΣգĻԣΰϷԺʽ
δЦӯӯؿеϡ澳Ƽɵ½㣬ѡͦá
˶죬һԵؿδ룬㶼֪ˣ򻳰ôһ°㿴Ҳϲ򻳰ɵƵ˰
·ҷδüˬЦӣҪһ£Ůˡ
򻳰˵ûʲô£ҾȻϲˣֶλر࣬ԼǷļͷģݺһһλֶ̫ˡ
δЦЦǲҶҵġ
½Ȧﵭˣδ붼ͦϲҲύĶ򻳰û˼ӺǧҪ򻳰Զһ㡣
СӶδе㷢ļҵˣ񶼾򻳰ʱԿһҲǳС׻
ĴǶ˵Цܿ˹Ǵк˫Ȼеѣ廹Ǻġ
٣Ҫɽʱ򣬲ŷˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǳѻ죬ûܳɹɽϵ硣
δ뿴ں·ס½㣺̫ɽȫסһϰɡ
ƣʵڶµĵСץδֲš
ߴĻҶôö½㷢
δգգ۾Ҳö
˾ؿδ롣
δȻǵı飬ͣԭΪţֽһ£Ҽѧϰͦǿģǰǻථˡ
ҿǰѹûŮ󣬡ţưδ룬ȫ˵ʲôֻܱ΢Ц
ҲԺôȥ档֪δЦŵ٩
ֱ׳ǮԲͨ뷭룬ط뵼Σȫ뱣ڡ
δ룺
һ־㡣

 23 

޵һ, ֻߣ군ˣźų, ϵ˷ǲڿ϶ż
ţ찲һͨ׼ѽȥ½㵭˵
, ֳǸѻ죬жΡ
δأ½̽ԴѾȥһˡ
˵ʴ峤㶫Ҳſ, еá
ûһĹ, δŸ˳߽, ֡
㣬ܲܰϢȥ
һߴֻĻһҡͷ˵а, ܲףźǿһٷһϢ
½㿴δŵֶ, һϸǿӵĶ, һɫ, Ȼмκźü, ͬɫ
δ, õʲô
ͬʱ, ˷ܵغһϢȥˣҲظ֪ˡ
δЦЦ, Ķ, ȻСĵطϣźǿͦ򵥵һС⡣
ǰҪ¶һȵλӰ󼶱סԼı, ӵδϴתⶫ򵥲ǲ֪Ǿδ벻򵥡
ԣǿδȫıԹꡣƵһ䣬ҲѵЬ
ڶԺ󣬴峤Ļȥ
½㵽ݺԼطһЩԵĹô峤С
Ǹл
ŶƤп氲ġ
½㿴һۣҪܰѰԵ˼ڽʻѧϰϣ϶Ͳˡ
˷͵ĶЦػˮ㣺ߣȥ鱨ƽ
һȻſںúõذ˽ѵһ飬ѵ
䵱˺ʣµԱοǼ䡣
Ȼױͣ·籾Ķ⼸ݺ
һĻǶҪ뾵ǺЩԱˣվλҶ˵ûϷͱ˽ϰߣϷַҲһرԵԱž籾ֶɫ⣬ԲҪġ
˶˾׳һĻ˶ûĺãϸߵͷһһĻһĻĳ
һĻδݵٻֻʣһˣҪȥƬΡ
δ룬˵һ⡣һϵϷ˶ˣԷʱҲϢ
δʳ룺ٻηһҵˣ˵˵һ־ʾֻʣԼһ˵Ĺ¶״̬
šһ˵ľĺܴ󣬲ʲôԼõ
δصͷͣ˰ǷĶԴδ룺δ룬֮ǰǲǺЩгԲŹôݵģ
δ룺
˵ܻһǴģԭݼô
ǲӵ·˼ס
ǡһλǰҸôϷδһӱһԡ
ͣĶ²˭еŮģҿ²Ӱʺ
δٵظϵǰݡ
ȦˣԸҸ߱ˡ
δô˵ˣֻź̾һ
ɲġ
ҪԸϵҡ
δͷ롮ⱲӿܶԸˡ
źδϵãû˵Ŀ϶ּδ룺˭Һ֪ȦԱôһЩġ밡
δ벻СİԳ̶ȣԼһһ֣ɴ˵Ĳʶû˵ǹҵġ
ҭһ£δһȦһֱı˹ԱʦҲʲô翵顣
ȻĽؿһδ룺Ҫ㣬϶ֵصһû־ˡ
һ̹ԼǷϵʵŮˡ
.
ǩĺͬµļ߹bossѾҪˣҲѾϵǱߵĸ̸һ£ǶǵʾܸлҷΪ
ͷļһߣļ
ԷѽؿҪͶ𣿡
ţȻ̬ⶼ߱׼ģõĻǴܴһ档
Ծɾؿ
boss˵ķǳеڣǲǿβ߻߱չ˾ģϷ˾ʲôͶʣ
ͶʽҲ̫һɡ
Ϊbossһ칫˾ƲԲ𷹡
ȫ֪δĳһ죬ɽΪʤأռȻͶʽ׬ֹ
ʱ룬ϰ塣
.
֪δϷô̼ļλж
죬˸ϵδǴһӣװ˸ֶ
ѵģδ뱾˶һ±ơ
ļҸ˾Ȼ֪Ҫδʱ˵Ǹ׼ġ
Ȼÿ˷ֵһůһˮԼ߰㱣ůóԵĶ
⻹ģһλװĵĳɹʿС磬ϷЦе˵ҪһЩյѰæװάޣֻҪһЩλͺá
˳δͷ˺Щĵݻµġ
ĿɿڴؿˮһײȻֿһڻױδ룬һ۰ǰֽʳֿһЩûٳзδ롣
ԴһС
ļʮרҵ˸ʱ򶯾󣬺ûоϷϢˣǻȥֻ˻Ȼһµõ꣬Ȼؿڣˢˢδ롣
δ룺
գգ۾Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôãҿ𣿡
˲ʮỷһֱмᶨİ㱻Ǯҡ
δϷݵúãԸҲڵͻױƷһֱִܲһ⺮ĶֱһůĻ
δ룺

 24 

δһ̵ᵽʲôǮ
ѾǲΪȦ첻þҪȥ̳мҲźȻˡ
δ룺
ڶıǾĻʳ֮ǰ˺ܶ, ÿͶԼˡ
ԱͶмĿ⣬ΪѸȶȺΪǮƮģʹƻʳ, ֤Ҳʲô̵ˡ
ļһȺѵصȷһ˵Աû¾Һ٩
ھһֱͦе, ԸҲãЩĿɺˣļôһĵλҲӳѡ
Ȼ˴, ɵнλ, ȶн, ֱӽ˲ÿ˰֡
һͶĽ
֪ʵҲƴѧҵǺպУ԰ùö֤Ժ󣬴ֿʼĽδĺ
ƽ, δҲൽĶȥδøС
ʵΪһðƻδֻǻûӦпʵ
ϾļҺͺľһѰСͥ
ô, Թ, ϷĽҲࡣ
ʹ, , 鿴ľͷ, ܿͷھɤӵˡ
δͦѧϰ, ݳ˵רһźȻ, ñ˼о, һ²֪ǴСʼġ
Ҳûʹ˷ݳЩԸѧ˵, ݳͦȣǴӦˡ
¾˶֪˭Ҳδּܼ죬컹ûͳɤӣ˸£
תۼδѾһݣݳҲʽ̬Ⱥúýˡ
뵽Ц˵ڵԱǿ룬һѹҲܳƱԱȻһгҲ޵Ǳ
СͦϲСԸߣδѾγһϵݼȣֻǷȱᣬֻҪںʵʱһ
δȱľǻᡣ
ҡԴ׼µʱδ̽Դһ棬΢ȣôԽԽˣô˯һᰡ
˵ôġ
ԱߵݳЦδһȴ߹һˮݸ
ùˮδ˵Ҳ㣬ֽˡ
ЦЦȻʣ˵ɽϸһźǿ
δ΢飬ԣر𰮺ͱ˷ʱǰԲ˵Ҳ߱ˡֻ
ЩüԱ½½ҪæźǿδֻһһͣҲ֪ˡ
ǸЧҲ󣬶÷Ϣٶȿ㣬ͼƬУϷҲܡ
εЩЦӻСԼȥ棬ԼűӺһˮˮ˳ź£ůҲů࣬ǸͦõС
.
򻳰Լù͸ˣԪǰһ챻ļɨѾˣȥԺҪԼ򫋱ȡ
򫋲֪Ķһʽ𣬻ɹһҹ˾ǰˣʱҸӶû뵽򫋵Ĺ˾ȻԽԽ
򻳰һ֮ºȥưɺȾơ
ѿŵѹ򻳰ܿΪ򫋣һĵȰ
磬㲻̫СӣҪ̼ѣҪ򫋻ؼҵ뷨ǰˡ
򻳰ɫûôΪǰ겻Ҫ
ѽ磬Ҫλ򫋣ǾԲ֨ģҪȻٽѵһ򫋣һϻûȥμ򻳰ٰɶԵô顣
Ȼϵǣ󣬳һȰΡ
ڨڨЦ£ô˵
磬ûҪѵ򫋰ɣ϶վǱߡ
ǰûʲô
Щ֧֧ҽڣ򻳰ް߬űӡ
ֻһδѣ˵ĻЩ˼ˣ򫋶ſͷˣ
򻳰ĿһȺǵͷֹ粻ǵĿࡣ
򻳰δн飬Ԫǰһ챻ϳļͰشˣЩƴļҵĸҲļҵǧ𱦱
˭֪ļҵţЩûٱŶǸļҵĺѧ
δ챣Ե̬ù㣬ȺӵĸˣóȻȥ鷳
򻳰ôһһȥң˶û
ȻҲδ鷳ȥ򫋵鷳ûɡ

ڰ칫ţܣһλ򻳰Ҫ㡣
λǷǳ֣ϰ壬žҲ磬һ˲ֹһΡ
ҪͿ𣿡
򫋶ıʣαϣٺÿˣ۽޴ϸӰߣĻñڶҲС
õܡ
ڵ˵򻳰ŴŽ˿۾߽Цݺ㣺˼ܲﷱæûпռ
򻳰øѿŭǰ̨ô˵ģְ˵ģһ˽ӡƾҲ˵ֻ
ߺ˫ʧȥһˣȻ뿪ֱ΢΢һЦ뿪ֻһЩֶˡ
򻳰Ҫӵģһ֪ûа취򫋳һǻ뿪
򻳰ϾǹʱȫװڸǺԼټΪŭŤȫûϳ뿪ǰ滰˶ۡ
ո˵𣿡
ǵģǰ˵ʵСĺӡ
ļٵģ˲ǰɣǴĶСϢ
ϴɶԺԺ˵ġ
һܹϵ𣿡
꣬Ҳ֪ôһ£ûƭ㣡
ȫµõ򻳰ʲôСĴڷ·һִûκעĮӣ裬С˵˶˵ࡱ
ֱһ㣬֪ԼǴδıĸ˿СʱҲŻһԭģĸǰġ
Ȼһл붼ڳгĲ轫Ϊ׸һʼûдҪҲΪһҵѪǿ
ϵĸ״ӺСʱһֱҶжģҲܺ򻳰ңȻӳɳĹУܻ򻳰ǰᵽε㣬򻳰һɳΪذ׷еˡ
һֱľؽ£еһж˵νҲ壬ҲҲⱯĳӦó˭
ֻҪ򸸵ļƻȥһ¼뿪䡣
.
iͬһ㿪΢شӹעδ΢һ΢ϸߵ򽭡ʱݡ
δvһ¶Ųɢ
ȻǵӰƬ
ٵ㿪µֵۣͳҪôɾˣҪôͱѹ¡
һҳҲǻӸַʺƨɵȥˡ
iܽ򽭡ֻδ뷭ĵһ̣ߵǵһת͵Ӱһſݣɰ͸ߵǽȻͬݣȦùã˶ĹĵӰiǴС
δμӰµӰϢع⣬жȦiҿ϶ӰԶӰ졣
򽭡ڷΧվޣΪڲͬѽܶδݼ˹ΪˮһмͶԷ˽Ҷѡ
Ҳֻһ䣬Ϊδȥͱۡ
ҪȵߵⲿӰiͷ۵ؿδ΢
δ΢Ժһ΢ݶûá
i뷨𽥺δһ£ûҪȦȥʲô裬ȫҪЩڵĶ
ҪڹǰӦԵķҪ͡
ţiؿһʽȵĿɰŮԡ
ȺСŮҲսķ˿ʱ϶Ҫˮˡ

 25 

Ž˴Լ֮һ, ֵ˹ʱ򣬰ڶͣ㣬, ۿѵ˷ʮļ٣رĵżλԱ
ĳظָǶ, Ҳ˵ʲô⼸ˣҪȻϾҲÿ
񰵴ڼʳιĬĬԱİؿƮƿ, ֿ׵˵ףҹÿĵĻ
ļͷһػδεϷ̼, ʵδؼҵʱ, ¾iһ
ſ˳δԺظںɺ߳һһ䣬ͷѾ, δҲôһѶƷ﷭֣ɴֻöñסԼԴ
³Ժ󣬺ϵ˾, δվһߵ
ʱ, һȻ𡪡
ʡ
δʶ˳ԴŤԴ, һë׵СվԼ档
δ㣡
ϲſֵδ΢΢һ, ɵؿǰԼԴСɿشӹϵϴһС, ͨ˫־Сӵ, ʱ
ԡԸǩ𣿡
ѧУѾźˣصϼұĸ˼, ˼ıλ»عײ, æƱĸĸһͶ
վڹվȳȻֶվ߳, һλͷڿֻҲôһƳͣס룬۾Ļƹľӡ
Ϊϴκǰѵ飬δһ˿øУԺÿһڵġٱۡûԽ࣬ԽпԼǰѿôҪֱвǰѻûһδ뿴ġ
ʩĳһڵĲɷᵽδڣÿһ¼Ƶʱ򶼻һСʩ̸δʱϲһЦ˵̸Ҳû˻ᷴ
ʧԺʱ䷴ˣһȥˡ򽭡һͬ鱻ƶԹ޵񼤵ëȻҲôһС¶ѻϲöϲδ롣
ڿδ뱾˵ʱżһŽ˵ҪǩĻһǡôöԴһЩŷԼľٶ̫ͻأ˵ᱻᡭ
Сӵһ£ֻǰƯŮժֵףȡСӡ
Ҫд
оѣַհ׵һҳͰ͵˵⡭ͺˡ
δЦһ£еСţ۰Ͱ͵س
ҪƵϵģÿҶ췢Լûмӷ˿˾һ£ԼԲӵӣδԾ꿳ûΪӷ׵·ٵЭ
ʲôְ

δͷűд
һСԺδ뽫Сӻһ㲻˼ҵе㽩ˣǩÿ
СȵҡԴûеĺ
ûϵҺϲδݵġ򽭡Ҳرÿ״εؿš
δü΢΢һ䣬¶ǳǳЦݣôϲ´Ҫǻл棬¸ǩһΡ
ٺЦ£δй𣿡
ñδͣһ£ԴָñŲ˴ߣǰҪܡ
Ц̫һЩټŹֱϵ۳谮ǹƯף룬һͬСܵĸоȸԾ
δƳһ۶¶ڿе˫֣ȡԼףΪԼģеҪǲĻҵװɣỹҪŶؼң˽ӡ
ܾĻɤ۶̶̼ǻΣڸؽȵףе㵭ζδ£ϤϤشס
һŻȼ
ûȶãiǾˣδͶָһ°ף֡
ţδ֣
˷ܵŶܻؼңĶȺģףЦ
δǩСδǰ˵Ǿ仰
.
iδ£صͷˣոյСôһ£
δڸ跢ϢҵС˿ͦϡģСɹˡ
δ¼Ŀֵi࿴ۣδıرǾôδ˵رڶС档
֪ԼiŮδҲiİš
Ȧûðˮںпܻ㡣
δȻôӪԱҲ֪óȻݰĵӰ·˵ķС
iĿǰ뷨˵˵޷Ҫٳһ򽭡ȶȣñ˼סıݣǽڼ
i㿴ŴͺãδЦ˵һʱ䣬Ц𽥼
رá
ϾͿʼҪǣİְֻظ˹ڼҴʮ¶ļҹ档
һҲ˳µѣؼҵʱһλرɰķ˿
򻳰ҲԪԺûǰ
ûһǰԭĽС
ôôã
δ˫סգЦȴƷ¶ΪҪ˰ɡ
.
δճյ谮ıһݣ͸ЦŴкԺ󣬷ǳڡ
ûչ˵Ҫ졣
ûע⵽δΪĻЦݵࡣ
δҽȥϴּ䣬ˮգ̧ͷžˮԼֱĴǣǰϲɢ
һˡ
ʱԼңҲûλ£ȿϸһ£δŷļҺҵľûн
ǳǺǿƵˣϧλ򲢲ǡ
δԽӡȫԴС˵ļܵıҲһֱʡ
ļûһ˴ҵǿֹ˾ģɵǣ򻳰뜏Ĺ˾
ԭ뜏˲һ㺣ǰмҵˣΪʹѹ¸飬ĬĬΪ뜏ǵ·֪ӵö뜏еʱʶס뜏ԭ̫ȡ֡
֮ԭһֱʾǳȻļûʱ顣
󣬽ͷ뜏ߣ˵ǳεĹ֡
۾Ҳ޷ݷڵŭ
쿴һ֪ôˣƾһݾͶһж
ҪУһжġ
˶˽ģδϣǸӵģԶܳ׺ѵǳܵ˺
ôϴּôã迴ԺǵʣĶ𣿡
һҵĵĿһͶûУҸո£˵ˣҰѾϻһˣҪҪȥһ¡
ĿתƵְϣȫԼϸӣȥʱҰѼľȫȥ
İְϳ
ǱŻģ˵żƿʱӦ꣬Ҳһˣ͵ࡣ
İְֶȲТŭĿӣһѹŰﲻίñһ

 26 

һµķ, ڶ̫ɹͷδǿۡ
ڴ˺ܶ࣬ûҵһȫĴ, ʵȫԺһ㣬ĶԲĻ, ý㿴ª
һɱҪ˺ǳ
뵽ᷢδ뱾ܵؿѡ
һҲûҵʵĴ𰸣˯̫̫ѨҲʹ
ʰ߳, ŷǳѾСˡ
ԭﲢûᵽ, ҫССһֻ, Ҳװ׾úϲ
ټҪѾӿƳصС˾嵽һĺ
ں۾׼ԼС裬Сܹ
δ밮ݼ, ְҫڻɵذڱ˼¡
ҫϺʮ㣬˾ٸ߸ߺֲ֧شЦ
϶Ź֭ǳֱ
ĪؿŻĶ, δ, 㱧ö𣿡
ֻԼСֶնδϸݵĸ첲ϵ¡
СҫءδȻ, ǸеĶȱ, ҪȺܶ˶ǿ
ǳ, ĬĬԼѾóһʱ䲻ⱧСֶյĻ, ˺ԼӴġ
ڣԼеܴ, ûδˣ
İְֺ̳ڼۺԸ⺰ϰ, §ҫһСС
緹Ժδ뿴˾䣺أ
ȴع۲
ǳϵЦ΢΢һ, ˵Լæûչ
ָߵҫţİְֺҲһ˵Сδ۽ޣֱϸһֻů֡
̧ͷ㿴Цӯӯǳ𣺡ʲôأôרע
δеɣ˲ֻ˳ؿڽıϸ
Ӱ£򽭡ͦɹģҲ֪ܲڵӰ
ǳ繵Ŀϣ϶Եġ
Ҳܵ˵˽
ǳ˵˵źȻת˻⣬٩ЦƮϡ
˵ʮµʱһǼҸˣ
δ룺
͸֪ûܡ
ǳһµġ
ϲּ̬ȣļλԶ¶΢ĵִΪԷеԵʣֻ֪˭
ǵ򫋻ǵڶ򻳰
δ΢ȵı飬ǳƽطŹˣҲˡ
δֻʵ뿪˼ȥҵʲµ˾ȻҲֻһ
°иԺδһĲض̤̤ʵʵ׼ꡣ
.
Ȼڲ֮ǰδйصһϱ
ȳϷԵһСţδĳһɡ
δΪڴ֮ͥ´ˣǺˡ
Ȼڷ˿񾭲Ҫó֤ݵУһζƵϢطϡ
ԷĿŵõʱΣδھưˤƿƵ
Ҳ޷ǳԹϵ顣
iһʱϵδ롣
δĵȥ㿪ϴóƵƵʱ̡ܶ
ʱ顣
ƵĻʻϳžƿˤһƨɶϵϵǱҲһࡣ
δԽĮʳָнֻ棬
µˣδָͷҲֻгԹ򻳰Ϊӡ
δòȲ˵ܵңе򻳰ƨɺתŮѾױԺҲóȻ¡
ϷƵǼģֻžƿʾһ֣һʱ䣬ưǼ²ƫиպùĸ£һưļҲֻ¡
򻳰Ԫʱ۰Ͱ͵ļͽ⣬֪ܿЩҲǻȦ˲ֱʡ
ٵһ˵Ѳѣ˵Ҳ򵥣ֵʮа˾ҲǻȦӣԲŻ
δ룬Ҫϵ˳𣿡iȻδľˣǺδǩͬʱкȷԼ˵Ҫδ־Ϊ
δùֻһҹ˾ܣʱӺİְһˡ
˴ùҵ˵ҵ
ͨļٿͥ顣
δãȻ޴ϣȫµĿ⣬лһԼѧϰҫ
İְڵؿδ룬ؼô˵顣
мƻסδһ¡
ǳǼǵһλδ룬췢ʲô顣
δ򵥵һư﷢顣
λͷµסĸ첲޲ôؼ¡
˾Ӧðᣬһ˵
˰´ˣǳͷһ۳Ժиɳϵδ롣
δڷ΢ۣ۲ûе⡣
һƵûпͷûֻƿ˧ӵһСݣƵûж١
ˡֱԣҲ̫⵳˰ɣδˣ˾ƿ𣿡
ƭ²ؿ꣬ήҵ˳ȥ
δˤƿĶ˧òµӰֶΰɡ
δԷҽ˦̵ڵصһη΢۵˻пҲԲȫһߵ
ҲкܶԺںˮѾ࣬ϳǾưԺʼһع
һŮ˴ҹưɣ
ҿδҲ̫˰ɣǸ˶ѾڵˣҾƿŻ
̫ˣ
ѡһǰƵҵ壬һҵƵˣһƵ֤Ƕδ롣ٵ˵꣬Ѿ绰ȥƵ
δɳҡҡͷܹһƵļʲ
ҵƵҲҪܳʱ䣬ʱԽãͻԽӡ
.
ʼϷƵȻȷļƻȻûƵ￴ʲôˮ
ͲסӺˮԼεˮͣһ죬·е㲻ӦҲ³һԼ֪أ
ںӺˮƶ֮£Ƶ۵ǰҳδ롣
δĸӰһЩݷȥ޷ǾòܷʲôδΪһ˵ľٶĺ
к֮ǰݼҲˣû뵽Ʒô罻δ룬Ȧ
ļңδϣưɵļͱˡ
.
һµµΪϰ壬ϰڿϾʱȥݰɣһھưڿƵŮˣڷпδԺ󣬹죬ɫ.ӿͷʱ˼ʬͷ
ϧǴˣȾƵŮ˲СɭĸߵȲߣȶǻҪײеϡ
ŵƨЦھưﴫգǷģŵҹϵʾưҪ˼ƵƵֹ˾
ö罻վ˵ֹ˾δĺ̨ȻƵͶȥԺܾҲûлӦʵδŵúܲңûӺbattleؽЩͷ
ʱôãƵվ˳
ͷβԼκδ罻ƽ̨ϡǡδоȼһ˿졣
Ȼŷȴδ˵ˡ
û֤ݴҾͱٵ·ˣ³Ҳ±
˶ûأһȺƨ
ðŭ
ôΪδ˵
쵽ʲô
ҹھư˱δ룬㱻ʬˣҲûʸ˵ʲô
кܶ˺ͬĹ۵㡣
һŮ˴ҹھưʲôŮ
ܷʲôδ붼ûʸˡ
ǣܺˣ˵û鲻Ҫbbġ
˼
ǰȫδĴ
ֻҪƵȥͻվ󣬽δǳקࡣ

 27 

һƵϢس΢ϡ
iϵ´, һֱϵпܳھưˡ
δ˵;һ·ЦУȻãã˺Ѱһ඼, ʲۺļ˵Ҳڴ롣
ͷβûɹδĻ΢ʦʱ, һ˽Ŵ
iڵ΢Ѿ֤δľˣһԾδ΢µȵ˺ŴһƵ֡
۽Ҳһ죺㣬˽㣡qaq, ҿƵ, ֪ǲģ㿴ܲܰﵽǡƵ
۽Ҳһ죺ҿ, ʼƵҲ̫ˣҪδ㣡
۽Ҳһ죺dأδô, ûб˵ʵһֱûֻδѾˣ
iƵһͼ, ǲ, δǶϳ̿ڵľƿ׼еһƬ
æȥ, ʮӺ㶵˫Լ, ϲʤյ¶Цݡ
۴лл㷢Ƶ, Ǻа
δҲûϵ龹Ȼת, ϾûʲôƵ˵ˡ
εƵǴдڨʼģƵҲûм, ͬpе, ַ׾ӣһͲרҵˮƽ
Ȼ֪ĸ˷, ȷǴæ
δ΢΢üңɷiĻȫҵļƵݣ΢΢һ
Ҳ΢һʵĴ΢ŭھưþƿŶԷΪ
òзİɡ
ҵԭʼƵ󷽵ز΢ѡ
ֱ˵һҳ
һֱĬ·ڿʼˮ
ҵ죬ƵԺȫˣϾȻôĵ𣬰ѼϺ˵ֱ׳ģ
Ǻǣ֮ǰ˵ˣʼ΢һȺֱаdŮȥưɣôȥưôˣֱۣܺа˵Ļأ
ۣܺɧһܷ˾ҵĲˣţʲôۡ
գδƿϵĶᣬǸˬҾ֪˵ǲһֵı飬̫ϧˣ
ƿԴϰöİ
ü߰ԭܺߡĵĵȥʮа˾ŶŮ
ﾹȻСҲӦôˡۣ𣿡
²ֹһˣһȺŮıqjˣqjжĶֻ˵Ů˴̫ɧôˣ
ôˣ.Ķǡ˿£Ա޳ܡ
ǰЩδгǸǲӵģ֮ǰʲôûŪ磬𣿡
ģЩ˵ŮҲ벻ͨôģһ˵ʱѹûжܹûֱӶ׼δҪδ˵óˡ
ǰ֮ǰЩ׷۲ȶȵ˶ûţµǸֻܽǶȫʼƵˡ
ƽ̨ϸӿδĻ⣬׷ڲ²ʼƵľʲô˼
ڶƵϽʱ䣬Ǿ·ݵ飬ôͻȻδֲɡ
˭δĵô󣿡
δ봫Թǡ
ѾһԵδķת䡣
ЩӺˮ΢̽ͷͱϵĴùѪͷ
δϷŪ·ںܶŮϣҲ˸ͬܣǶû¶òиӶˡ
Ҳд˷˷΢˵ݶδܲѺãֵͷ΢ĿƵнĿǾȻʮơ
ѰƤʮ㣬ڷֲԾԭǵһɶ
һǾͷֲԾˡ
ϢعˣпȥҵĹ˾дͶʼ
Ѿһ̶ˮ΢ŵ·diss
ǶĳЦҲδԭ΢Щ˵Ӱµ˵һ޹籩
ⳡսͻȻķȴҲ
ȻǸ˷ģiԼ֮飬Цһ׼˹Ҳˣúõһ֣˳ˡ
ʦҪǼˮѾٳˣiһתͷˮڳԵδ롣
δһʪ˲ͣһЦ˫۵ĮƽǻôǮ㵽ˮңû뵽ǻҵת۵֤ݣԲŸҹҥȻҪңͱ;ˣôҧһ
iؿɳϵƯŮˣƵ˵⻰ʱģ˷Լ˲ֱӵĸ߰ơ
δ뵱Ȼҹ˾ֻΣˣûҲȵҪŹЩȻҪıҲӦ뵽ʧܺʹԺᡣ
룺i㣬ת΢Լɡ
iȻһ£ΪһְľҪԤһΣ뷢ʲôݡ
δ̹ؿiһ˫ּᶨ֪Щк֧ܶҵˣѾĬˣ΢㶫ǰһ°ɡ
ҪҿܷiΪѹûбδƴ򶯡
δ޿κεգЭá
.
ͷϵƣüġ
鼲
ʲôˣƽʡ
ϰ塭СѾˡһλֵŮˣ͵͵ĸߴӢϰ壬ȴô˸ð
λͷ˾ģģ˭Ҳ²ǰԼʲôȻһƵȥδ룬Ҳŵá
ǰЩϰԹ˾ĳλŮǵﷴθŻ˼£Ȧط࣬ϰһλƯǿƶŮˣҲĽĴڣֻϧ۹ⲻãȻôһˡ
ԼƵݣϰˣʼľǼƵҪ˵֪ǲܵģǶԼҪļ£Ҳ治ˡ
ȴͷ¾ְϺù˾ȥˣȻˮ㣬ģԼӶ𾴵˾ֻоº
󲢲֪Ƿḻʵ磬Ļ΢΢һü뵽ļʵ̾һ͹ļˣû뵽ļҾȻôҵ֤ݣδϴס
֪һʱ䡣
ҲͲ˶á
Щ뜏Խ㲣֪뜏򻳰ʱ䱬ΪǸõŮоѹ
ѾˣԲ򻳰Դ뜏ģΪ뜏ɨҸ·ϵϰ
ǸϰýȢӵãҲ˿
ļ壬δȦܻҲվϻþʡ
뜏ǹܹվģֻԼˡ
˵ع𴽽ǣΪԼվܼİϾš

 28 

һС֪ȵĲ, ͬʱάִŮȨҪ֮һ
罻ǵصϢԼӯۿǵһη, һqjܺŮԱڮ١
ǵ㿪ͬµϢϸгľ
Ϣ¼Ժ, ޱȣǻǻԵ
򿪿հ׵ĵ֪ôдεİ
Ƶδɴϵľܾ, δ̹Ȼ¶ı, ǰʱŮԱͳ, ٷ֮ʮĶŮԶûķ
⧲һڼûеԼ

ȷһ߹ĸ׵Ŀ, һŮʱȿֵǣϣԿֵĳ󣬳ΪһλƯ, ϲĹ
ҲΪò·Ĵ۸ȥ
ȻȻδ롣
д
, ҲǼ, , ҲԼᶨؾܾԸҪϣ, ɵػš
Ϊһ֪, ƪԴǲϬ·ܿ˴ĵ
ᵽƽ̨, һЩܾ˵һЩĻ, Ʃ纺һŮ˲ϲΪԼԱ߰Եõֱа, ֻõĳ
.
󿴵΢޾áˡ
Ԥеȫһ
Щ˷֮ǰһַδ룬ôô죡
ǵص仰ʶӱܣ˳΢Ҳر罻վ
Ȼڶչˡ
ȥϰʱλòǿƵŮְˡ
Բǹ˾Ʒ°ܻĹԱµĹʲ
Щ˵ӴֲΧ˵̬ȡ
ͬԼεӶ񣬶ָָİˡ
ֻŵԼĳݡ
ȫеСҲҪˡ
ǸߵԼǻΥԼҲϣ쾡ʰȥĻſʵϻﻰȫ͸һϢ
ȥ
ѹһǷԺĴƱΧЩоĵӿԺɱٴλջ谵ƹµŮˡ
.
ļҺû㽫˺Ҫ˵׷ŹȥɢҥԵĹұߣ鹫Ժġ
η粨ԽԽŮӿʼеϲδˡ
˵ģƵͦģǿӾ֪δˤƿĶжˡ
ϲС㰡ǰС֨qaqܺδһͺˡ
Сǣ˵һиδụ̂
군δԺĵһӡѾƯ˧ǲҪˣ
һֱϣԼΪδԸˣ̫˱۸Ҳҿ

iŸ罻ƽ̨ѵۣһ߷µĺӰ죬һδ˵ȻˣϻһЩۡ
û˵Щδڱ͵۴ԣѱҰްδ̫˴̼ˡ
ټΧСŮĴ̳ܶ˹ŶԲǺδеŮˣϲδķ˿ҲŮƫࡣ
δŹ޵˵ܹܶзۡ
iҲ֪û㻵
ûϵδ뷴ͷο𾭼ˣĻ˻ûҵ𣿡
iҡҡͷԸĹҪǻҪżҲĻṩƵʽˣҪȶЩˡ
δ΢΢Ʋǣӹȫȫų򻳰ˣԷôܡ
δ룬ε顭˵ʲô𣿡
δſſؿαϣiİɣҷġ
ܾøiΪ׵һЩԱ΢ﴵһľٶ
ǰµӰѯûʽͳԵһߡ
δʶ˴ͦãڻδʱվδˡ
ôһ£iȻҲ뵽Ϊ졣
ܰһ£δգҲͦᷢ
i΢΢üңɫ֣أòϲ
ǣδ뼱æiű߼ʵĲ룬˵ֱģӦҲдֵġ
iи㰲ڵ¡
ˣδʹüͷĶϵļҾڷйһͽȥžવը졣
Ϊ㣬ǳ𻹶֮֮ԼȰ
δԱǩһͬͶϰǧڵܺͻȦƴԼ֪ôýʶ֮Ĳж
iܵҪֻʱϾͷһ˼ŲµĻˣδרԼͺá
i̸Ժδ봩·̵׼ؼҡ
ȥɡiЩδһ˻ȥ
û£˽ңδ۾СȻȺ˰һһеΣֱǵĺ⣬ȻΪɶоοֻ˵ȫûҪǿԼͷϵ˼
iȻصͷҲԣδ뾭ôãһε飬˽⵽ļôδġ
϶Ҳһˡ
ܹ𣿻ȥԺҰѽճ̰ű㡣
iŵԣֻŹشδ
һѽңȥҸ绰
ʮ룬iߺȻӵĻƿѣܹѣδϵôõҲֻʩţǶԷа
üվðĲ豭ⲽ̨ͨС档
һСᣬźɫµŮ߳¥ԭվһһ³˹
iץӸεؿ棬Լס¥µ˭鸴ӵؿ˲߽һ
յķȻһ̾Ϣ
ͷδĽ״»Ƶ飬ԲһԴУùô
.
ܽδĿǰҲֻһλ
δûȴ̶Ͽ顣
δǰ̸ͦϧأ˵Ĳɡ
ж˲֪ٸԺδݵط·ϼ򫋽̸ͷ
￪ů¸ϣһᣬҼ˺
á˫˫һۣ̺űֵ˫ȴƽ
ӵϨδ۾𣬷ֱؿԼ
ЦЦʲôʲô𣿡
ûУ򫋲ֻʵشָͣڷϡ
δ˼ϸ壬³лҪԼ˵ڳҵһƣȴ֯ԡ
ϵ鴦ܴҪʦĻϵҡ
ðδҲͷԷ
ķԣصıԷɣһ¿ڣϲ𣿡
δ΢΢һ٣ؿһ򫋣һ·ΪжѵĻѵˣ
Ҹֿʼˡ
δ룬ػشˣҺϲǣǶҺܺá
˵⻰ʱһֱδǳǳľԼ˫ۣһ¡
ǰһʱδĶѾˣɲδҲŪˡ
򫋴ǰʼȦͼΪ㣬ǳ𲢲ϤŪδĽԺһγˡ
֪ôδ¡
δЦ˵ϲʱЩôҲ˵ڡ
㵽ʲôңδȻյ򫋵ǰ͸˫
ʵȥǸΪıˡ
Բ𣬡ͻأصǸӳĳȡһļݸδĶ
Ҳ飬Ѿˡ
δ뼸µǰһ룬ǾĪصǸѾģĴ𰸣ЦҲ𽥴ʧ
֪ǣͷļʱ浭Į۾ӹţסƵԼѹοο˵ĴʣٵĿԺϵı鶼һί

 29 

˵Ҳ, δ򫋲λײβĽʱ򫋻Щ졣
⣬ֹ˾, һλῡܣȴ֪ǳѾ˺ܶꡣ
ȦЩûκλ, ϵݽĶϵݡ
·˺δһͻƿڣһ˽˻ǰת˴ʽ𣬶һƬ, ˳תǮ·һҹҡ
Ҳû, ֱiһʦҵ˹ؼ, ҳһеĹңʽת뷽˼Ӱӵ㽫³׵صˡ
ֻܰδ뷭ֽҳϤϤ
һĪĵ, δ뿴Ժһȴ˶˵ܹҳڱҪڱͱǿܶࡣ
, δλûаֺø, ݺԼһϵа侲Գ, ΨһǵǸô߽㡣
ǳ֪, λֶ, ڸҲûͨŮһλ, ˸׵·̣Ȼ͵, õóֵĽܳҵҡ
δ󽫽ȫûпڵľٶ, еĺҪȷݺԼʱҪǿңαغһ
Ҳ, ļҴʱˣҲȾļеһЩϰԣñ׺˾
ǳдͷûһõĵط
ڵ㷲µСһ͵͵ش
δеϢԺ󣬲ͷͿһĻ۾΢΢һ㶣ʯ֮䣬Լ˷ԭ
㡭δ˫Ŀ΢΢˵˸ֺû˺󻰣Сĳڿռţֻ򫋻رߡ
κδ봽ǹǳǳĻȣͳ΢죺ոΪʲôҵǸ
ٿȻб򫋣ְϣбƯ欵۾ֱϣԵز˼شʱ䣺ʲôֲġ
ĿռôλͷĴضûУ޿ɱӭδǳЦ۾
˶٣Ǳӽˮһȵɿһػһ̲ˮԺ뷨ɣֻδŹ޵
ˡ
δѹסҪǣǰŵ򫋣̾һ
ù԰
ѹסǻȥĶȤζδӣļǰζô
˵⻰ģʵ̫ȻˣȻһֱ϶ĳ˶ҡ
򫋴ɫ˳δ밴ϸ׾ָһϻĿһεͣδϡ
Ϊͣһ£ԺһЩȥģԸⱻٻļ䣬ҴϢ㲻ˣļˡ
ʵ̫įˣڴﲻ֪ˣδ뿴һᣬᶨࣺ򫋣סûκδ
ЦҲ΢ůĲŽмˡ
.
δص֤ݺϣҲûеһʱó
Ѿһ룬δʵǲԸļδһĻֻ͸ݡ
һԭҲûøʲôĿǽ¶㡣
ֻʱѹǱߵ˵æǱߵĶҪġ
ļǴ壬δûټˣϲıȨλ߿ӼҲ΢ͬ
ļҵݼȫô̸»飬Ҫ˵ĵ㲻ãǰý
ǳôһλѻʿδûٱ߶
ҲǴףֻûԺбѴֻᣬʼַ˧Ůʮ飬鵽δԺȥˡ
пضһ
δ뱥ݱ˼ԺֵĿʱ䣬캮ضɽҲúͰûа֮ٶʰҳ
˾Ժ󣬰δͰڵ˶㶵ؿ֮ǰӡвƵСõꡣ
õϰǶϵķޣõǴͷβȻһ£ȻȲĴƵ꣬ǻʩʲôȫ߶ˡ
֪ļҺõǩʲôЭһĬĬؿδ롣
ֱ׵ʣδ룬ǼһȱŮѾѧҵҵгɵ֡
ⷬëԼһȺˣҲĬĬԾҲûʲôԣ˼ҼǮֳСŮ˳ǵᣬˡ
ŴȣѾοˡ
ò˵һλǳĵݣǰԱֲܳڿЦһ˵ӳӹ
Ժ󽫼زԱùѪͷ
ɽܶôĵ淴Եͣ˵˵𣿡
ԱȫģٺһԼĶӣʮֱ̬̫Եġ
δ룺
ʱϷ࣬ɽʮȲ˵δǻˮľͷ
ҲԱͶɱСӲ¶ˮһ£ͺЩԱˮ㡣
ľͷ˭ҲһΣӰǰӳһĻԺ͹žСɪɪ
.
ǳæͷĹõҲǡˣվϵףϣһְֻѹüģ׼ȥҫ
ôæµйںӵһֱչ˵ģһ̳ļҵĴͳ
ո߳칫ңֻԼҲǡùԥһ¶˵ϰ壬˵Сҫȥ
͵͵ԼĶͷ˾ЩŮ˵ĵУܺϹĸ鲢ô֮ʲôҲֱӺͶԷ˵ܵ˸ͲƵļмˡ
ǳ˿΢΢ŴȻǲ˵̬ȣӣѵϻذСҫѧУ𣿡
һҲ˵ȥСҫ;л飬˶ӣҲûкǳ˵һһֱϣǳ𿴵ûŷ˻˴һܣԺ˾ûô˵
ǳ֪ڰҵûʲôʵУϾ˺ӣ˺ԺǰҵǳҲ˹˼ڼҽ󳳼ܣϧְ̫ˡ
һüģ̾һӵСҫԺҴ绰
õģܡ

ȷҫһͻҪӶӣ޷Ϊ뜏ʱϷҫСʱƬ
ȻһϡؿƬܣɰ
۾¶ϲ΢΢һЦҴҪȥҪҪһ
𣿡뜏ȵ۾Ƶģððڷż١
ЦŵͷȻһ۾վһߵ飬˵һ
ӦһۿϰһѹԵ񣬾Լʮ˻Ҳ氮֮һԭϡ
뜏׶԰ʱûѧ죬һŴ˻ͷԵĶӡ
ҫиģϾԼһѪ
ҫ
׼ŶϷҫһ΢ϤãȻ̧ͷһλƯŮˣСںڷ۾ãգ¡
е㵨ӵؿڣְ֣
ţˣѣԽ㡣
ҫôȤؿһ뜏Դһ
߰ɣְִȥԺóԵġ
ҫԼİְҡͷ˵Ҫҡ
ı˲䵭ȥʵǲϲǳŮ˹ǿƣͬһռѹ֡
Һ˵ˣ㡣
ҫԥһŴӦӲʹˡ
뜏ϳԺ붺С棬ҫϸһ
󿴵뜏΢˵ı飬üͷСҫԱûѧʲôò𣿡
һͨҫٿȻۿɪڳߣðϵζǺˡ
һ£׼ô˵裡
Сֱ׵Ļó˾һ˿Ρ
ǳûͬҲ֪Լǳһλôְļҳ
ҫʱҲû˵
Ȼھεʱ򻹲ֹһ㣬Ŷȥȥֳ棬ߵֳϾð˺öӣô޾Ϊˡ
ϲɰСӵ뜏ؽлһɫ˺ҫľ룬лһ˿˿Ӷ
׼뜏ȻȥɵǡɿһĻпһ£翪ʼʢˮıӺȻһ죬۴ӷӴܳ

δϺƵʱ򣬷ı鲻ÿ
ԥһ»ǺСŮ̸ǳ顣
Ҫ飬跢˵СȥԶûעԴСڻҽԺء
СҫôˣδѾͦӴ·
ҽ˵ҺС̰ԵĶ࣬˵˵ȻǱŵˡ
ھͻȥ
趢ǰǽڷ㶣СŮͳȵǽ겻Ҳȶ

 30 

δΪҪͻȻҪ, ϷĽȵȻӳļʱ˵ľʵеࡣ
ټǼ⣬ûǳ, ļҼǣãֻһССľ, ⲻ
δٸ˳˳̲ס˰ۣԷɤӸϻȥ
ǳ, ûķʱ, ʰöͼææظϻؼҡ
˴ʼնǳ, 㲻εΪ״ĵߡ
Ҫ飬ɳ˵鶼⣬ĿؿŰɫǽڣֻ߬ĵ绰
Ψһĵľҫûܱɵ׶ͯ, ҫڻڲûѡ
δصңһ۱㿴˾ɳϲĽ㡣
Ķܵǳ, ץյһֻ, ָܵıɪһ, ȻůƸڽֱϡ
ôҲˣǳЩΡ
δƵӵס㣺綼, Ϊʲô
ϰ, أǳѵҲԾı顣
δ΢΢һ, °Ϳڽļϣﵽ̺Ŷôǿ޿ɵ֪
, ˡδֱ׳, ܵԼӵҲط屧סԼȡůüЦ

ҲûϵǳξȻֱ, λԱͬһ̸ʱ˺αװ
ԣҫҴһкӲ뿪ס
ǳֱ챻ԷҪĻЦˣСҫ߿²ŹòһʱͰҽԺ
ȷ
Ψһľҫڡ
ǳ
˿ԳƵǲɢ
δڼ˰죬Ͼ͸һȥҫ
ҫһǰ࣬ɫ԰׵ڲϣղõЦʧ
㴲һСʱ˺þõҫ۾
δ뼱æ˴ͷİ壬ͬʱսҫ
СҫﲻҪҪˮ
Скڴصͷ޹⣬δһЩ
ˮιҫһ㣬§ڲϡ
ҫԲµµ۾תδ۵
ҫϻвдĺеªδҲȻ⡣
һֱ㣬ҺӰˣˡ
ҫҡҡԴ־סС̵ӣɳɳģС̣˯ɣûµġ
δЦԴð
ҽܿ飬Ժδ룬е죬ҫļҳɣѾûʲôˣҳһҪע⺢ӵĹԴ
ҽԺδ»صԱߣֻ棬δ¶СЦ
СӣͿԳԺˣСӰȥ档
ððҫ˫ؿ
δϵЦݺȻ£һֻСԴʵǲǹâꪣ
СӵȫܲδרҵԱС۵һһԺͲ˲Ծ
ټС֮ǰ˵Ҫǳһ棬ǼٵģҽԺһֱԼϣԼһˡ
δεȵĴܿ쿴ҫŴˡ
С壬ҲûǹԵâ֪֪Լñжġ
ҪǲϺ˵Ļ˵ҲСδץҫѨʼ
С̣۸Сҫ˵
δüЦˣǰ
ڳһܰô޳ܱ顣
ҫܿͷɥ˵ҸһСܣ㲻Ҫòá
ðδˬشӦ֣ҪҪ
ҫ˶С˵ְֲˣҲˡ
ҫ׻һСӣﲻס뷨δһʣԷȫ˳ҿְִһŮˡ
ʱȥȫһСδûͷûβĻӲƴճࡣ
ܺйϸ뜏ҫô֪ġ
һΣ͵͵ؿ˰ְǮƬҺ裬ҫ˫׶԰ѸİְֻǮƬ˵ǵʱͻῴһۡ
ҫż͵͵ȡ˰ְֵǮһۣǮﵱȻҲһƬֻϧҲ衣
¶֪ĺӵҫʶܴõĶԶȱеĻҪࡣ
ټ󳤾õĲؼңԼһĸĸϵͬ˸ӵ졣
еĺӶ˫׵İֻܵ۰£ǳһˣҫеһҡ
ְֻǰ裬ܺԥѡ񣬶ҫ˵ǹŸ׳ƺŵİˡ
ǸŮˣҵâꪣҾͳˡ
δ⺢бҲԼɡ
룬ǳľҫҲǴһ̿ʼûٰҫСӿ
ְҪĻ˭
ҫգ۾ȻһλСѣҿԸ𣿡
δٶȰСͷ߰㣬ؿš
.
ţ߽棬㱨ܣδ˵Ҫ
΢ŵüȻ뵽ʲôͷɡ
Ժδ컺߽칫ңⱾֹ˾ῴǣ֮ǰû˵δҲˣö๤Ա̽Դ
ŮƫʱδкǿҵĺøУδ˾ˣ޲öĹ䡣
δҪǩǵľ͹˾𣿡
ɣ˵ľi
ܵġ
ܲѾҼǵźδһա
ڰԼ䣬δǵһκϵĽˡ
һˮ߽ڲ輸ϣ͵͵һδ룬ȥҺõʦûδˣòǲɡ
δôˣҪĸݵϷڵ绰˵һͺˡ
δЦЦؿŰڳͰ̬ɳϣڰϷû𣿡
ȦܺҲֻһλձʵ΢΢һ٣̧ͷϷ
ţδЦӯӯؿ˼䲻ؿڣôֽţٱȫһΣ
仰ˮͶһը.ҵ̻ϵһй
˵ʲô
λҲװɣδ֪ԼҪԺȻöԷΪһ˿һĵĻᡣ
Ҫնܹĵ˵ͷ
̹ȻڶŮˣδ˽ͣںǳһϣδͷһμ
˵ĻδѾ֪Լֽ
κˣάϵı顣
ⲻ֪αӵδûκá
ǲ̽㣿δ˫գŮ㽿εľٶȴһ˫
ߵ֪˾ܾȻΪһŮ˶Ըŵã߻ô룿޺źɫΣյࡣ
ͷһʶδһǰֻ򻳰С˻˿ҪڱϵСѾʧˡ
ΪĻҺܿλҹԾɴӡ
ΪǳҵģΪвˣ
δûΪԼǺˣϲҵ˵߽йҲ˽ⲻˡ
Ϊ뜏Щ£֪𣿡
뜏ִδ˵ʱԶݵؿհһ£ȫûϵδ뾹Ȼ֪ЩΪ뜏
򻳰֪Ůѣ
δ뻺ؽĵ뷨һ¶ЦЦؿѾԭصˡ
վϲڵĻҳ˫ֲ䵭˵ЩҲڷͥϹ
ҧδ룬ڳ˾ΥļɵĿʲô
δ˵ô࣬ڱֱӸһ϶Ŀġ
ҿԵûǰҽȫҽΪѿɫ˵ˣСۣҸҹ̯˵£㹻֤ݣعȥ˭Ҫˡ
뜏
ŵؿһвŮˣȷ뜏ģ֪ǳ϶߶ӡ
δ빴˴ǣ۾ȴǶЦֳҸже˿ԶҲ֪뜏ῴ
ͽˣСҫҲ׷뜏𣿡
һرƽһջ
֪δкģȴǲ˳ŶԷĻ룬ԺˣͿԹ׷뜏ˡ
򻳰˵ˣԱ

ǳҫһ죬ҫϴ˯Ժƣش򿪵ԣʼʦļ
ڻǰǩ˲ƲָԼΨһ鷳ľҫˣóõһȥ¡
æ˰ޣ˯һСǳװԼõĵص㣬ʦ
ܿģҲˣͬһλʦ
ǳѾ˽ս׼΢΢ͦ򦣬Ϊս
Ǿͷͥϼ
Ժӣʦµͳļܣܵ˼ȫ
ƴǳ𣺡

 31 

һļ, ǳһ飬ݸԼʦһ顣
ȷԼûд濴ʲô塣
ǳ֪ԴʲôҩͻȻת, ҲԴ˲ȤȷȷûˣСԺɿغͶԷǩЭԼӵЭ顣
ҲͻһСʱ
Ѿ׼־սȥͥǳ߳, ůϡ
ǳɫտһᣬϱһϤö
㡣
ͷë״µδվڽͷ, һֱѹϵĶһ̷·ůڻˡ
ôˣǳƳһ, ͣȥ, ﻹ߶¶ôͣ㴩ôһͳˣ֪֪ԼҪȥˣðô죿
δЦӯӯԼ, ҲȥԼʸܸܣĻЩĵıԹյȫ, ĿӿȵԽ, ǳķ
ˣ
šǳһ, ʱδΪʲô, Ҫ˵ʲô, ȴʲôҲû˵
ܵһؼ, ȫһ˸ո顣
ǳֻ꼷ѹԼĿڵʯͷŲˡ
һûôСҫ˵¡ǳյüͷĸǲĺʧܣ
δЦЦ, һܰĸ, СҫԺ֪ΪһļͥŻоܡ
ҫܰ, δˡ
Ըˡǳ𳤳غһиһ
ļһֱӵģԶҪƴԼǰȥÿһλˡ

δصó뽫ָĻֵ治㽫ڶȥֲʲôӣȻ˵ϷȥǲļҲ鵽
һʼ壬ʱҲֵƣ˺ҫ
Ͳʲôˡ
ŵĸδͷһ飬ᱻĸо
аְ迴Ž㣬δ뽫ĵ·ƽԺҪϻؾ顣
ڶĿδ뿪ԺпֵɳϣСŮΪŮ΢΢üҲ
ôһıá
.
δ˵ϢжױԺ½ȥ
鶼𣿡½ĵؿ
δ¶º͵Цݣţٵʱˡ
˵ʲôӹδСɿ˵˵ɫͦѿģҪʲôҪҰæĿԺ˵ðɣҾҲܡ
δ֪֪ǳҪʱɫȷѿԲ˵ô۸㣬ȷˡ
Ϊ̫ںˣûпƺδ˵ţЦݸˣ΢۲ƻű˵
ͣʳĶпϵۣȻŮģǱ㾪޵ˣδƯոյЦҶˣ֪΢ΪʲôкöŮӷˡ
˵˶ûϣǶԱ֪òһ˫н׳Ϊڸ
ҪҪҲңδЦŵ٩뿿ڴ֡
ᶨҡͷⲿϷԺõҪʽĻˣԺȦҾ·ˣȻӾ翪Ӱӳһǻȥġ
½һ쬵˵ɰҲôݳ˵ˡ
ЦسԼŮĴҲ߳ܡ
ڶȥδȷһû£δſʼ淴˼Լٵıк
δ״̬ǳ죬ŵĺõһĻͷпһӣҲ֪ǰôĳЩ˲ֱӵƬӡ
²۹²ۣƬԺһԽ˽һδݣԽǾġ
ȦǮ˲٣δĿ˵ǶĴˣһּͥȦĶ˶á
ط˵ֶֻѣںķΡ
ϲδԱͬʱҲȦĸ꣬ļ٣Ĵ㣬Ǿ㡣
δʱһδжϷϲȰҲԸţδԼҪ·ߵóԶ

 32 

δ¾iһ, ǰĽȿҪʱȥľ̽ࡣ
ȻҪȥ̽࣬΢, ׼δЩ˿ûʲô
һǳתʦ΢ȥֵ֧ܿܶͦ
ͬΪŮ, i¸ҽеδѾΪܶŮҪΪŮ
˭ϣԼܹȥκεطǴŶȹҪָָ㣬ҲȥưһξҪ˵ŵ
з˿Ǻõġ
δѾ伣һˡ
۵Ҫ֪ʲôķ˿ʤ, в΢ȷʡ
i̾һ, һ΢
ivҪȥδ̽, С˿ӻ
ȥ䣬ʰҪĶųֻһۡ
99+Ϣŵˡ
΢ҲͰСʱôôۡ
qaq̫, Ϣˣ˯һþˣ
ض, iҪδԶ֧
, һΪδ㱻籩Ⱥ˵, õ, һֱ, ھͺܷˡ
δ¾, ڴ
ԹȽģiý㷢, ʢգ

Щ糱ˮһӿ, ඼ףδϷ˳Ȼ˴δ뷢΢ġ
һ
Ƶոعʱ, ܽš
i֪ĻϵҪάֹ˶Ƶ򼫶˵ʱڵĻ᲻²õӡ
ǶԴڴĻϵǸӿiδʲôŮԲŲЩе
ƵǸִֶ˶ΪǣŰδӴȳ
ʼжδ룬иøĻˡ
Ҳδ˲ٷ˿
i¾βδ˵ʲôһҪļƬ÷˿񫡣
.
δٻӵһĻ
Ψһŵٻڴɽֻо˼ž𽥱¶־֧䣬վһˤ˺
·컹ر䣬ˮÿ춼ҪһΡ
ƴȰδһĻġ
Ȳ˵ʮȵıˮôλǰǧҪչ˺δȫôˮһҪļ֪ˣԼ
δ뵱Ȼ֪ɳüڵʲôҲûõ˼
ǲģǹѣҿĶǣԸ˭ҲܰôˣҲ˵ˣҽȥĤˡ
δ벻ɣŴȥ·
ǺδˮľٶϷԱҲ⣬Ҳų⣬ЩҪĳ˲ӣǲǾʧ
˺üԱδųδ˴գһڰվλϣȴʼ
ؿһȦΧһϷҶ࣬ȡһԹ
Ȼֿδ룺δ룬·ˮĻûһܿ
δЦЦá
iϵʱδһĻŵקźɣⲻں֣ԼȥˮϷˣ
i㣬Ҳ֪û취Сľԩˡ
֮ǰ֪δi죬ʲôҲû˵ĬĬվں濴Ϸ
ԱҲ֪ⳡϷҪĲòԱҲǣ˼оȡһԹϷ

ٻһǻڴɽУκη紵ݶڴ̼񾭣ɪվһߵأ㱣ʼԼ
ֻҪ׷̼ѣҪѰε̬ѾԤϡ
ήңǱңʱпܶϿ
һһλͽϲκǰҪһϲҲ
ٻЦ죬վޱȺԼһ̵ûС
Կ־ӭĲǽķ֪ԼͬתҲ߲ȥ
ʱһʯͷ⵹ˣɽϹȥһֱˮ
ˮΪһҳˮʮԺˮ漤ҵˮơ
ٻôĺ¹¶ҲҪȥ

һһȺԱæˮδ롣
δӹǺã¼ȵĻˮҲܲˡ
Ͼͷˡ
Ժi·ȥҽԺʱԻǺѡ
ʱǰˣǰ͹˾ƵͶ·ʲôۻӣǲ뿪Աְҵûٵ˸ˮͲˡ
˯Ҳ̫̤ʵԼоԼķᣬͷԺ󣬰һ߿
Ҳºͣԭڰཥȥδߡ

 33 

δյú, ˮֻǼҲӹǵ¡
趢ŮŲεգʪһ˫۾, ձﲻסˣվ߳⡣
ҽԺܰ, Զİְ֡
̳ɱ¾ϵҲֻһλŮĸףųȥ￴Ů̬ģ
ʱɳ裺ôˣ
΢һ㣬ʮŶȡߡ
, ȥˡİְЩͷ, ǰʱСŮжཾ, ھжûڣΪʲôƫƫҪôΣյĵӰδʲôʱԹֿࣿ
ˮ㣺Ժǧܵ˵ֻ
İְЩ, üһĹ֡
֪ҲǱô, ͷһζĳһô档
ǰ׷򻳰ʱ, Ҳûе˵ز

ڶ, δǱѵ, Ĺ, ۾, ͷеۣ۵ǰװ׵컨, 췢¡
һ, ڲ˯ʱδͫ⧲, ˫һգգضС裬ͷһɬ
첲·ᣬǾ˱˯Ĳ̤ʵ衣
ˣʵ˫ڿڲϵδʱһ˹ϲ̽δͷ¶ȣһ߻ͷʹʹ
ʹˡδС˵
ЦЦǡñƿֻűºеİְŵ߽
İְֿδˣҲ¶һı飬˾ıºУﰢ̰øˡ
˵Ժ󣬷ŮȻͷϸܵĽëס۵׵̧ʱۿ߽Щϸ΢ĺ졣
δ뿴źѰĸƺûʲôİְ裬ҲǱǺůһ
ǵˣԲ𡣡
δδһ֪Ͳǹһˡ
϶˺üǣЩⲻ֪룬ûҵʵӦԷûüһֵΧǽļȳıů
򵥼֣λ֪ĸĸۿ
ְ費׷ԼϲĶǰҪչ˺Լˮһδ롣
δƣǹСһͷ˵´βˡ

δסԺ²ûųȥiŲƷʱԱ߲˵
δ¶ֺõЦݣiӻ˻Σi㣬Ҫһô
ǿװҲŲסˣiεؿһΪҴʡĵһλ֪֪ԼβպͿˡ
֪ˡδϿҵϴϷҾȥ壬֤Ժ彡
ڵʵȲǰ̫ڴˡ
ϴ̬ãiҲڲȥˣҺ;˼٣úϢ죬˵ˣϷݵ㲻õġ
á
ǰķ˿ҶļգҲҪˣ㲡ãԾһ㷢һģ׼ܾ
δ룺á
i˵һȥһ·ⲿϷ꣬ҪųӰˣҵǰ׼
겡ԺiվҽԺţſһλӢˣiȦ˧磬Ƴһ۾죬Ҳû롣
δiӭ򫋡
Żɫ߽򫋣δһ¡
ôˣδЩȣַվſûЩɻ󣺡վôԶ
Ѳ
򴽣ëССӰϺأԵһ¡
˵ˣ㡣
δЦЦôѽ
šδǰȱѵһ
ֱ׵ĹķǶסδЦ뷨
ôˣֻ֪סԺˣ
δ򵥵˵һ¡
ЩؿȻô࣬Ϊʲô㻹ҪϷ
δû֪Ĳ⣬Ҳû˸Щ
ΪȰɣϲϷҪݸָĽɫҾö˵ս
ð˵⻰ʱ˫۷ƯŮˣŶδһֱĥ͸Ĵڡ
ΪУһ۾ܿ˵.ͼδʱһգΣգ̲סҪ۲졣
ǣδһʱһǰδеİĸС
ڵ֪סԺʱ򣬶κﶼĮȻˣȻĵֱض
.
δʣµϷҲˣ߰˷֣ͻص㡣
˶ܺƣټδˮϷû˻ᾴҵˡ
ʼδЩƫˣ޷ˮ˼Ժ󣬳׸ı뷨
δûݼЩԱúûˣƲҵǸ
ԱȦˣ½Ͷδкøе⣬ԱҲвٺøС
Ǹпǰˣƴ˲ãδҲˡ
δʣµϷݺܼ򵥣ڱԵٻޱȿȥһ̣˾Ԯӡ
ɳĮ˼ҹ˿ޣȪ
ϲѹ񾭣֧һгױݻ٣ٻûмֵͽҽԺ
һȺ׷ν̼ˣ·ϸĴۣȻǶԼԸš
ϲɱࡣЦһĺɲҪ١
δЦô
ǣҲǽոɱ࣬Լ˺δһأĺ²ۣδĺҵĿˡ
Ƴһۣͷػӻ֣Ͻȥ磬ǰˡ
ᣬʲô
δЦˣ֪ڶȤ
ļ򣺡ˣδлԺٺ
ð˵Ļ޷͵Ա
һ߸iѧϰĿȾĺɾϲؿδ룬
˺½һڷɻϡ
һˣȥ˯ȥĵϡ
δεؿź˼Ů֮ĵӰأ
ʣô󿧣һ˰ûա

̹ϵذߵҲֻһˡ
ȻȥԺҰƼһЩˣȻ֪㲻ȱԴ
δ㶣ûˣȦ׳ȻԼεֱһ̥˵ллԺʲôҪҰæֱ˵
⻹Сһֱˣ˫ð⣺ԺȦϢ϶ôͨˣδܲܰһЩԣҲ˵ȥģģ
δ룺
ջǰԻü
ڰԵؿڣ̫ѹˣȦôãȻûһԸôһССԸûѣ̫ˣ
֪װģδҲֻ̾һ
Ҿ
ʱЦտδ룬ȹһԴİԡ
δӳ˷ɻȻؿտգԵػǲڶԼ档
һ·ȰȰȸְԵˣصסܲŹ֣

 34 

ҪҪӴԡi绰
δܲ϶, ֻһ˶Сף¶ʵСϸ, ȴ˾ó
ʱȲӰɣ˵Ҫų, µҽ˴ԺЩƷһԼδȤ
ǳһʱɫܺãյѾ, ʲôо, һʱҵڲ, СҫĹϵҲøܡ
ſ߽䣬ǡ뾭˵죬üЦЦδҪҪĹ˾ԣҿ϶Լ

δεܲ, ë˵ڻʣøٸ, ԷҪһ㡣
ûʲôʰɡǳĹ˾鱦, ڹϿһ·, ͱΪҵ, Ʒ
֮ǰǹ˾ԵĶǹģ, δ뵣Щֻ, ȻתҪļˡ
δĹǳֻòټ, ȴ, ׼һԼȦѣԼŪһݺܺõĴԡ
ò˵, ǳΧҵҺܶ࣬ļҵǧ𣬶ұʵ㣬Ůͻ˵
ԺŵѶϢǳʾõ˺ܶ࣬ϾǳǮգһҲֻڸҫСв㣬ΪһƿǵĴǳ׷
Ϥ˶֪ǳۺӣһҫ飬ǿɾˡ
ȻԼһ׺ֶΣЩƴ׼ʱӴʱǳ㷢ѯ
͸ʮһλҵϢǰһϵǳ𣺡˶ҵģδСԿһǼҵĴԡ
ﻰѹûԼĿ˶ҵʵڻһҵ۷״̬ͷϴ
ͬʾýύ̬ҵʤǳһʱԼ˼ʹϵʲôʱôˡ
δiǰԼ
лϸд˲䶯ˣΥԼѾ޸ߡ
δǰ֪ϵڱ
ǽ֪ˣʵʱġ
ڼҲֻάͣסˬiƣ˼ԺǩҴԣһǹڲױͷ֮һĴԣһ˶ĵĴԡ
δڼ˶⣬ѧϰ̬ˡ
ļҵÿһλӵõֻ̬ϷİδȻͬݸߣЩѾЩκζûΥ͸С
ǰ˾׼ĴʱiԼоδĲͬ
δ벻ʼ¶ڱķ񣬷·˽ʵУ˾øΣˡ
.
δϰһǰ׼һһشԲƷѧϰ˹ƽ澵ͷĴԼ˽ҹ˾ҪԵĲƷ
ױܵ˼ǣڽ̸ʱ˶ԴԲƷ˽⣬δӦøһС׼ãӦƸӪȫû⡣
˵󣬸˲ŷЦеͷеδ뱳ĸɫһţλС鷳
δüЦ֮ǰרѧϰģ´ˡ
ºƵ̬øһδҲ΢е㲻ͬ๤ʱһЩ˹˾ĹԱ
δ붢žӣ̳˸ĸŵ㣬ǸˣɫԱ˵òпԱ·ϵһϰ
òռ˱˵ôݵĽɫͻ
Ӱٻһı䣬һͨİ죬ѹե󣬻Ȼ޹ŮˣżжߣҪһ
СƤáױʦп
ֵʱ򣬵ڶоϲıӰʦˡ
ÿһλžͷˣϣԲ׽һĻ
ھͷǰͷƵδ룬һһ񣬹üĵĶеһжĹͼ
̫Ưˡ
δȫչֳһλŮӦе̬
ȻµױݣУ԰ſڣǲһƳҰ֮ȥһĨٻӰ崿
֮л޺ۼ
ӰﰲҪ
һԺ˷ܵ˳ȥסؿ໽С
һ̣ҾԼҪˡ
ôƯˣ˭ϲ
̸Ĺһⶼ΢еϲδˡ
ȫûһҵ㣬۾Ҫϲ
ȻȺӵ¶ߵĹǣδԺ⣬ǰҪǩ
ԼĶλһºͺʷδãؿǰһױݾµŮƳ΢Цi룺òǬiרŰŵˣģ
ЩŮǼٵģδһգǩ֣㱵ŤͷiʣЩҵķ˿
iݹһƿˮǰϴ㷢ģҲû΢µ𣿡
δڨڨһЦԺҲûŪʲôԵƷһǰԭһƬĵӣ˵ӦǺڷȻҲȥΪ۶
еĲͬ
ֻССĲδȥһԵӲʱƬڷ˳
ܣǵľ飬ԼһԱⲿӳСƬڶ̶ʮڱԱݵķ˿ѡ
ͬڷ֣һҪɫԱδԺ
Щ׷簲ӰӰըˡ
ǶδⲿӰ
ͬը˵ĻӰӰԱķ˿
ϵiԤϵѩĳѩ¡¡
δ룿exmûɣ
ΪʲôƬӻԱڣѵʱʴ𣿡
ǸҪһӰƬýðһδôһ£
ƮƮˣδϲӰ˵Ҳû̫ϷݣǰЩӰӾҶ𣿡
ڶⲻУȻн߾άδķ˿ֻϧ̫ǿ
iͰź˹˿ۡ

򻳰ҲעϢԭδѾȥİĵӰѹʱܾһǲӾ硣
ֻ˵㣬Ȼ֪ʲôֶðӦ飬۵ѹһˡ
򻳰Ԫʱļĳ裬ͷֻⷭϵҵˮ
Ҫδ˳ԶҲ
ȻȶûάСʱ
Ȧкܴ³ΪһԱˡ
۰ĸԱרģԾɹĽɫЩԱԾƵϼлԱǶŬ
ʱ䣬³ΪҵԱ
δ߸չ٩ڵȻѹǺüӰӰ۵ĵ绰תiҪΪҽԺ΢
˼һ᣺ҪŬݼڵӰӳʱͻΪϴףִɱӵԽԽá
ûܹסĲ·ҪնǰɷħҲһҪ塣

 35 

ڻӰĵλӹ, Կŵ˵ܶ˶ǿĵӰĵӰ˾Ʒıǩ
ȻµӰδ, ôԵø롣
δķ˿ȴΪ, ǴΪ֮ǰİٷְԵδкøгΪ·˷ۣڸߴǲӰ, ȫµδ, ǵݼ, ϲ
ȹЩ˿ģ˱δ¼
˽ǰˣŮӣδʶĽ֮顣
ûĸŮӲϣԼƯƯ, ڽϣÿη¹ʣܻ˶Ůܺ߱ĶⴧĦ
Щ, ˵, , ôƫƫ㡣
֮ĵʤ, ͸¶ŶŮԵӡ
Ҳվ˵, ڵŮѾǰҸܶ, һ˭ϣǵ֪ʶΪһλŮԵ, Ǳ, ҪʵԼѡ
δɴеӣ㽵, ʱεӢۡ
δӵôŮԷ˿
ЩδȻƯԸ̫ڼ񣬲ˣδķ˿˵֮ԱǵĴڡ
Щ˿ǿδһɱ䣬ǵҲ˱仯Ӿδܿ˧Ŭ
µƵЩδۿʼʱŬķ˿ͷһů
δԼӵݵİʾһݡ
һĻǡҲӳеģһ¾ܿ壬Ծʽʱ䣬δһ־ϵﴦȻˡ
ķ˿Ӯʤ߸˵ģϣϲҲֵԼϲδһִ
Щ֮ǰ͵ķ˿ǣʱ壬ڵػϵۡ
֮ǰ˵δûݼվôˣ
Щ˾ᣬʱǮʵôأֻڼ̺ǡʡ
δǱϵģѲǻԼȰôôȥĵӰ
½½ģмλԱҲվδ˵ˡ
Ѿŷҵ˸ֱһźգףδǰƽ
ȦĵطȻڣͬůĵĵطڡ
ӰԱԱȦﺱģ׷ݼͼԱҲʽˣδһλ޿ܵĺ󱲣пݺڴ
ټھķѾ֮ǰһϽˡ
ЩδԼˣƵۣһλ֪Ավ˵ô꣬ľδμӵĵӰҲ˵δжôְ

ȻλԱľȴôͬԼԱľ
ûбҪΪһ͹ȥˣѲʲô뷨
ôܣһõĺ󱲣˵δļЩ۶˵ʹᴥĸѹȱԴΪǶкô
һþ˷׷ȻȦ˭֪δбûнӰµӰ֮ǰҲֻģģ֪δ뱳ǿ󣬵ۿļΪһɽ𺳣ԳΪǿɡ
һλݼԴˣעȦ·ϵĳЩڮٵۣȷǲʹ
ЩЦδСȥֻкڷƶķܶǰߣδСݼȻҲϰϷδԴôһкĻ
׷׽ŵʱӰӳҲȥ۾
δ뿴ۻͦЦģiɸֵؿЦһߵŮˡ
ڣСڣ㿴ЩЦ
˵ûδŴЦ֮ǰǵջǸߴǲϷǿϵǮģûʲô÷϶ġ
ŮԼ򦣬۽ǣĵ˵ϵʲô߳ܵģǮҽǵôӣ
i
һ˵Ļͦеδǿľ飬ڴĻϵҲŬĽΨһֵڸǲȫԼŬʲôʸ˵˵վסţġ
ֻΪδüЦˣֻҪǲʧͺˣֲң˶
iʶδ룬׼ȷ˵ȷʶһļҵΡӴļվδıɡԱҵ϶ٻһ㿲
δ˵󿿹ϵ飬û˵ĽɫʲôõģıԴ˭վ˵ƽ
ģiҲʼδĵȷȷʵ
ǣϷϵĵڣĵӰӳˡ
.
¸ŮԼӰѡӰʱ˷硣
϶԰εĿͽ۲ãŸӳ
˵ŮѺȻ뿪ĻһۣﲻãҾҪϣ˵ҽ겻˽ѣǷ𣿡
£
ˡ
֪ԼŮʱ任˰ȥ׷δˣȻһŮΪϲһŮǡ
˵ڶϵӰԺŮ˷˵ö˰˵жδ㣿
ѾϰŮѺxxxx·ܵ˼ﲻΪϾǸտӳδЩԱλͣмİ
ȻôţǵӰʼʱºܿͱеˡ
еҴ̼ĴѧµµΪ󣬻ҪҫĸЩԸͬ˾һ𣬷ĸЦļҵĻ˵
ӰǰڵĻɣŰδ뽫Ҫ͵ĴѧڵϷϷʱӰԺôЦ
ԶҲ벻ƽʱһ۾ΨΨŵŵشְͷŹķδĴѧ˼Ļ
Щ˼˵ӣǾһ𣬴ȥɽһһȵĴ̼ĿҰ
Ȼһìܣǿзָ֣һּҪ棬һҪԭ·ء
ӰѹȥˣӰԺ˿ǰϲĽɫԼѡ෴·ʱﾾһ亹ҪǸı⡣
̼޵ɽвȥˣÿ춼ж·϶ʧⲻ֪ǳ£û˸ȥңǿʼָԹʼ
صĶͬܵùһ·ĺۼ֪˭Ū߰㡣
ڼµһŶɹЦݴڵǰЦظҵĻȥɡ
ﻹǷݲ֪ߵغ񣬲֪ḡ竣ٻĶѵڵϣøˡ
ѧҲǡ⻰ͬͬ飬ǿٻ뿪
㶼ˣֲںħɴˣûҪɱ
ٻ޴ظ뿪Ȼȴ֪ûκ漼ɵĸԣһʹ̡
Ȼȴٻе˽Ҫȥ뿪ȺˣҲûʲôԵġ

ڵӰȺðյΪǵĳ嶯˵ЩϢʧ貵̻ȼգһ˵֪Ţ޴ѩǣ˾ı죬ͷȻһ
쵽ţѹͷǰٻ¼ȥ
Ůϲǡ

 36 

Ӱӳһ졪
΢ҳƮ˹ڰͽ, дδݼĴȵռݵһλ
Ų̫õ뷨ȥӰģò˵δ֮ϲˣĵӰһ, δݵġû˵ţ
ҶԱӡͣЩѪ, ôһת۾ĻģʱħצѾʴ磿
ǰ컹ЦЩͦδԱվΪδ뷢̰ͼʲôڡԲ, Ϲ
һ˲δݵٻֱǴϰʵд, Ľ˵ڴϰ, ǮҲ࣬˭֪ȫĶڹϣ̫ѹˡ

İְ·ͦص߳칫, ̡
ϵˣҪ
ʵʵصͷڼ¼ʱоֵֹ, ̧ͷͷԼͷ˾һ֡

ʲôҪĵ𣿡
İְֲؿŴͷһ, ˵ĹôûзŵĶ, , ϣôҪȥģ

ͷˮ, ãú, ϰȥĸʲôϵⲻϰ˽
Ի, Ծɰڳı, ЦʣϰҪȥģ
ǼδĵӰӳˣͦ, 㿴û
û
۾ʱһ⣬û֣ŵصͷ˵Ƽȥһ¡
á
İְһҪ֪ıŮĵĵӰӳˣһǼ뽫ӳĵӰٰظ߱ŮҲˡ
ȱ˻Ȼ򣬷׷޵ʱİְֻαذڰ֣ʾҲûʲô˵ģСϲҲô˵ô𣿡
İְֽ·abc⻰ֻһؿ䡣
˿ԼŮĻŭţˬ
.
뜏¼һգùֻһδӵ绰ɫü
㣬Ѿˡ
뜏ϵĲ˲䱻˳ɢңô˵
ٵδ磬ֻڴ߸˵ܳȥӭԼѡ
֮ǰһϷһЩҵڵ˵ʱ̱ǵҵһ谭
˺ϼһͨʱ£Ϊ˲ý幷з˿Ѿһʱûмˡ
򻳰ЩһǮˮȥδ룬֪ôһ£ǣδ飬ǲ˳һʾ޿ڵӰӳδܵ糱ʱҲˮƯ
ǣ򸸵֪һǮ;ĹѪͷ˵һҲǼҵ
ͷۣ򻳰¾뿪˼ңȻһʱûŮѣ֮ǰ͵ʱˣ򻳰ϵעҲǰһУǲϲˡ
뜏¼Ŀĵط׵㣬뵽ʱһϲȻڳϵȵʱԱҲһӳ
򻳰ĵƲ֪ǳɷҲ뜏ϵһλ磬ûӵģѵ֪ԼöԜжϰڳһܹػĴȴô⡣
Ȼˣ򻳰ȴҪ뜏άֺг
Ȼûֻ߳һҴ³һǳɫΧȥ򻳰ʶ˹ȥȻһ
뜏
ŮѺվһֻΧݸ뜏һ԰Χˡ
ڵλòԶ򻳰鿴ǵŵΧҲһ̡
ʲô
뜏Ҳûϵڴ绰ͨԺ󣬾Ȼˡ
ƾܲĺ⣬ֻæΧΧȻҽ뿪˭򻳰Ȼ
֪ԼѵĴжȻһԼϰ壬һԼˣ뜏ҵܹȥ
ȴüǰһ뜏󣺡򻳰һŮʲô
򻳰ǰȻûж뜏ǲ뷨Ȼڳ˭֪ǳѾˣոտ뜏ôĶġ
㿿ôʲô򻳰ȭͷ
۾˵׷㿴𣿡

򻳰ˣδ뾪ȵؿڰԵĸĸ
ҨһŮǰƲƲ죺ɲ˵ֵĶͦ󣬲Ϣѹ
ĸ׵ԼŵİŵŮȻĶãλ˺ԼҪӵˣ赱ȻǱʮֶⴧ⡣
˵ʱΧһСǡδ֣Ժ㿴µĵطϽԶһ㡣
δЦЦλתƿ˼ضһڣ򻳰֮ǰ˵ԩ޳Ψһĵ뜏
ͽã˵Ϊǵ飬˾ĹƱҲ˲٣ǰһʱ仹ƣQ˼죬ôרĴ˾顣
òûӣظòᶼ֪ɡ
δεҡҡͷļһԺ
.
δˡ
ͬĻ𣬶ǴϣõһĻ
ǰδǱȦȦʵĻƿƿˣ˻ǰǸˣֻٿǰȫͬˣĳȵֱǶʮͷĹݼҲǾտЩɱñǰˡ
δķ˿ȺҲı࣬Ȼ̶
ͬȴñǰҪײβ΢ܾòŷһ˵Ǳ˴ŷġ
С˿ȴģδ췢ù΢´򿨺㡣
ⲿͽʶһȫµδ롣
ӰƬ㿴뵽Ǿδ룬ֻٻٻ
δ΢µķ˿ˡ
Ϊм̣ԷŷֻϷδҲƺȾԭݵԸ˵רϷϷϻ
ֱ죬ԵĹҪһˣδҪ罻ƹһ¡
ǿȺС˿ͬһյƬ
һǰգҪδԵĻױƷǰױȴδ봹Զɰ׵Ƥ۾ġ
ڶȫգδ봩һ¶˶£ܴͼ￴ɰ׵Ƥϲ飬źƽϸȴָһУìȴά͡
СͬƯļƤεۻͷ̵һ
ƬըǱˮС˿
գգ򣡡
һϢһ֫Ӳˣ
Ҳ̫˰ȡϲ
ļ⡣
δҵģ׼Ϲʦ棡

 37 

Ƭδķ˿Ⱥ, ֮ǰ䵭Դķ˿Ҳˣ㿪ĵƬա
δһδԣ, ͷԼۣ׼˼ۻظһ¡
Ժ, һһ顣
δݣȥУһ
ĬĬظ, ҲС
δa, ѾƽȽ㰮
δ룺ΪʲôҪƽ
ңδݵµӰÿ, ȥˢ㰮㣡
ЦЦȥһҵĴѽ

ͽӳԺϵķһߵ, i̵صδĳЩ˿
Ҫ˳ҵ˵绰岦
i㣡㿴΢δˣ
i
ȱ, ҿ, 绰
iƵع˵绰, ˻΢ȥ, ѵĴС
ֱŮδ룡

ź治, iȥ, ȶߵ΢ǣҷ۵ԱֱŮ۽ͼ
δظ۵ݣĻظ, i
˿δµӰܲ, δתͷ˵ҵĴҲܲ
i
¸ķ໴ޡ
Ϊʲôϻô, ǲǾ˽͵͵δֻظǣ
Ҿ¥ϵĲ²ʮе
ҲţҸżһΣǳһˣԲͼϵ˵񣡡
qaq㱻˾գգۡ
Ŀδ㳬ᳬţδ㾹ȻǸӣ
ҾȻСȡ
δ㲻΢ɣظķ̫ˡ
δôʵЩƷһģ
δ̫ҵ˰ȣôŪ谡ޣ
i
ҲǺܴi΢΢һ飬ҲûϵδϻظķȻ֡
δ뱾ˣλְƹһ˳΢Լʮ־ҵˡ
ʱ򣬰ĵ绰ǡô
δգգ۾绰
ιδ𣿡ձǵƱλѾںĵҲʮָˣ㹤ҵĵ绰ôҲֻͨϵˡ
ҡδЦЦʲô
˵һսĿ룬пμ
ǰҲЩ˵զмСʱҲܸ·
ھʱ䣬δʮֶθڣ԰ҲûĨǣֱ˵⡣
δһӦ¡
.
ѹëӵδͳţֶ˾üβҪ
δĵĸ׹ػ߶۾Ц⣬ԴϴˮؼҺﲹ˺ö죬Ҳ봩ʵǷġ
ҪȥμӵսĿС۾գһգһ㶼뵱˻ϵȲԱμӣ˳߳ȽĿԺܸߣҲر࣬Ҫǣһֱգ
ȥ̨ԺδǰԼϵװˣ͵iЦһͨ
ܱμӽĿģҲһרȵر࣬Ҳ±ĵ
ûϵഩһôˡδ벻
Ȼԣ濪ůȥ㴩ôҪiݹһƿˮսСʣǰ΢ϻظݸòǹİɣ
ţʲôģδã
ʵı飬i˳ǣΪƷĸ˶绰лδľҵƷΪⶼδõģ
iδļ򣬡û£ԵƷ۶ͦõģǻ˺½ĿҸ㡣
á
δ뻻·ױȥͰ档
ȥ˺üҲˣ˱δ룬˵רŻ̨жж
δԣůů
ɫᣬɱ˱ңʱûȦʲô˵򻳰ֵܲˣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
жŰરવĭ
½ǡý֮ĶԻȫУЦһδ룬ƭˣǺʵݣǴֱ㣬㲻˵Բרܻԡ
δ뿴¶
ʶˣΪ˰ôƴرҲֻˡ
𣿡£ĿʼǰǱﲻס۰Ͱ͵ؿδ롣
δ뱻Կʹ˵ҲǺ
գգۣ˵˵Ǹ󣬶ǹ˾뜏رã뜏ǩԼǹ˾ԺһֱõȽϺõԴ˵
δ룺
ԭС˵ļԺŰҰģڰΪ뜏·ԼоӰ쵽뜏;ְ˵ӦúزŶԡ
жԣⶼõ
ıʵ̫ɫˣ۲첻Լ֪Ķߺȥ
Ŀʽʼ¼ƣ˵˿ԺһˡͽԱ͵ݡ
һкܶҪ֪ӰЩĿ𣿡
ĻƬΣаһȫļδ룬խ쭳Ӱۣѩ½㡭
涼ҪԱ˵
ЩЦˣȻģǴһ㻨ЩƬʱʵӰЩƬδ󲿷ֶǺ¼
ţʵƬʲô˽ͲݸӰۡ
ʵƬҲ˧ġӰ۵ػش
ȳڴĻϵǾһ졣
ıļǰһ
ӰһĿܣвУĲȥļҿָߣҿһӣƹҰɡ
Ȼӻbbˡ
ͷ׼һ±ƵӰۣĻ˲ӸԱ۴򿨱˹û뵽ɡ
ǣβ˵ò𣿡Ӱ۱󺰡
Ц꣬ѻͲֵݸӰǰ̽·ΪŮͷ˵ͦģεʱʵûʲô󣬴ҿ˲ҪЦҾС
ĻһѰοŮ񣬿Ůðۡ
ǲһ¡¶˾ĲЦݡ
ֱԼѾ̺·ˣһѩĳҲû̫ʧ̬
Ƶ˵ҸĿǵһĻ档
ɫһĻԺϷ
ΪֱԹڻԺǿ˿ǰĵĻҲʼЦǽҿĿ
䲻ڿЦֻһشװѩһһߴ󺰣ĲܸҼ·Һ䰡ҿ춳ˡ
˵仰Ͳˡ
аˣŬסĳ嶯󺰣˵Ҿ;ԼˣӰ磬ܱдұӶˡ

ĿΪһˣĸŮôһˡ
ԱһĻ׷쿪ʼЦ
Ȼ˰洦̣ĻﵹһгЦԼżڵĲ
Ȼδ롣
ЦЦָ˵δΨһһԭˣȻļ⡣
ţδҲ¸𣿡
δգǺ¸ߣһͦϲվڸߴĸо
ŷδڷڵĻ￪ʼ䳰ȷ˵ʼװƣźһԺʼƵ
ǱļƵֻδվ±ߣȥ;еȷмֻŲġ
ЦԱδ뵱ʱû£վ˵£ȥͳɤӿʼ

 38 

ĻôЦ, ̨ϱcueԱҲһ޿
Һ⵵ĿˣǸǣ
ϴֱżɳͼ˿½½ӿֱΧżܵӡ
ĿЩھ㻨, Χֱ, ﵽĿԺЦЦת˻, һڡ
ǳȡֱڵ⡭
˵ĵصxx, ﻹǴ, Ƚ㻷ҲһܼɡЦԱǡ
֪ԼżĵӰĵطܼ࣬˿ͬģˢ·һø, Ѿ׼˽˼»˵ǡ
Ļķ˿ҲѾʼǰԼżǡ
ȻžͷԱǱ΢Ź֡
ʼȷһѣûˡ
Ϊ̸ֱգ̨ǰ̨, Ҫٳӡ
ȷ, ʼȥǵط, ͨ, ҲԲʲôö, ΪƫԶ, зÿܶҪȥɹʳĻ
ȻһЩ, ǰľȦ﹫ϵĲƴ, ڳԺǷȱЩˣֻĻʵһЩ, סСùпյϧյǿһҲȣϷʱҪѣʱϴֵ·϶ϵ磬ֻûˮӦ
Ϊ˲ðʲô߰ķҲڳˡ
Ծ˵ҲʲôȥĿͳںϣΪδǳ󰲲ļСϢһݣļ˿δڵĵطͣᶫ
Իƻ
һȥ·ˣźҲˣùݸǻȻһ£ƫƧСӶϢдͻҪչ֮Ĳ
дĶ͡
֮ƴǰôͷһؼ
һůûκٵĶ޷һףԱϷʱ򰤻ᶳԱǴӺ˳
ԵĶҲζ龳˵ʵЩ顣
ԿĹмһȥƫԶϷһ˻û˵ػ˼
Ϸʱ򣬰ǳһÿŵӳӳЩԱһ֡
ݻ䣬ԱǸں档
лУҲر
Ҳû
ˣ
Ļҵķ˿
ĻԱĺڷۣ
ѡһڵɡڨЦһ£תƻ⣺лʲڵ⣬Ϸʱӡ̵Щλʦһһ
ӡ̣
̨ϼԱˢˢһ㶣δ⣬Աֹӡ̵ĵȻļҴһͨ¡
⻰ǲ˵ġ
һ˵һʱȤ£ץŶԷʹĵ㳰ЦĻҲʮֺг
½㣺ξԱһݳһδ룬ǶǸе㣬δ뷢ݳ˵رǸݳһϰģ࣬˿ʼɤӣȻϷĵطЧرãְҹÿ㣬׼ʱجΡ
ݳЦˣδҲ𴽣۾ЦݣѹǶʱ㿴ңڸҽÿ˯˸СʱҪԡ
Ļδķ˿ȴϲصظֲʺƨôʺС
̫Ŭˣÿһ˯ԲҲ䣡
qaqѹֵӰνÿһ仰ޣ̫иˡ
лݳС簡˧Ҳ
Ļݳķ˿δķ˿ʼһ˵òУδҲ˺øС
Ǹôÿ춼ϰܼĺܲס
Ϊݳҷۣ֪ÿ氮ʱȥǶôʹһһ˯ܼôĲף
ֵʱ¶ٷľЦݣҾͲһˣ˯˶ҲŪҡ
飬ӡȽǣһϷ磬ΪĵϷݣͦģȻδһȥɽϵСׯй䣬ڵʱûɽʱǾͼˡ
ʱҲ죺ɲҲ˵Ҳס
Ӱ۸һίı飺ǰײϣΪʲôǣҵʱȻģ⻰Ļûסһ䣬ŮӣҸһ𡭡Ѳǹ֮ѣ
Ļֳһ顣
ǰǴɽסһΪźŲ÷ϢҺҲͦģȻδȥһϣȻһ򵥵źǿģҿ˵ʲôʱδǷСʹ
δüЦʹ֣˲ˣҲ뵱ʹ
̸ҪнСʱ˾һ۾ͿЩĸﶼΪƵԱλ˶رĹչˡ
˵ݳ⣬ϾԷϰ˶вٷ˿ܶ˶ڴδ롭
˶˶ҡҡͷԼ֮ǰƫѾӰˣδȷ𺳡
ҵķ˿ҲڽĿ￴ȫͬӡδ룬ǰǡôòԼŵ̸£Ͷչ¶ţǶδĲϲࡣ
ʼ˵δݼ⣬ǵķ˿ЩѾȥˢӰķ˿֪δݼû˵ΪݵٻʱӰԺﲻ֪жᡣ
ôǰδĺڵ㣬ѾƲǺڵˣݼԵõ˿϶
ãһ¸λԱ˿⣬ǿһλС⡪δĸ𣿡
̨ϳһ˲ľͣδҲûϵ⾹ȻԼܿȵı飬º͵ЦЦûиŬϰ
̲סʣŮϰʲôѽ
δƤգգ۾ûй涨˵ŮӲ׼ɣðɣ˵ʵڻֻ壬ҽӵĵӰɫҪôһ㸹

ֱ˵µӰ𣿡i߳ͼʡ
İɣû˵֣ᵽ˵δ밲¾ġ
ȷµĵӰҪ׼籾iһѡģһСɱϲ磬ʤھϣδֻһ۾ͿǸӰ
ԭƲСɱӰiˣĸӰĺô
ⳡֱĺôۿɼδ罻ƽ̨µķ˿ˡ
δϻζйлץġ
ý嶼ҪھһλǺںǣҪȥɷһ¶Էα仯ġ
ԼĶͷ˾˻ȥ
ʲô飡ɷÿУһð˼ҵ˼׼߹ȽĻ
쵼װͰ͵ָµһ±ƣСΪʲô
Ϊʲô
쵼оԼۣȻΪļʼĿŵرδļҺӣϣλչչˡ
չˡǰҲ֪ȥ͵δ˽ϽƲĹ˾Ųصޣ

 39 

δڼ˼˫, Զ񶾵ԼΣ治ɫˣ費ҪǮɽ亣ζʢŵûʧɫԺҽ뿪
ʱ㹤æ, δԷҪҫѧСΪλСǵר, δҲҪһЩֵǳϷʵ֪Ӧó˭Ĵס
ҫʵ⻹׶԰ĺ, ˵Ĵʻܲظ, ӿСʢյݼ׿Խһ, δЦеضڽǰֹϣֻ¶Ц۾ҫ, ͷѪȥɡ
Сؿδ߾, µСǰⰮ, , ҫôС̻, ϧҫҪ, ЧԺ, Ϸرȥĩûп, Ҹһȥ̽вУ
δȷ˲, µǣңҫ޿κ, ʱŵ
׶԰ʦһߣЦеؿǡ
ĺӶϤǰҫϸܵά͵ļǿʱ䷴ԽӦеĺˡ
СԺδһ߸绰һ߼ȥ˾۲ԵŮܲá
ΪһȦãǳʻ˽⻹Ǻܳ㣬һδҪʱ˺ܾã֪ԼΪɱ¾ϵŮܲá
˵Ϊ¾籾׼Լûе߿ԵĽֻܾͶ𽥻ĴøԼ
λҪְԹۡ
֪һϢiĿ࣬δļ򣬾ôλѹҪʲô
δ½ӵһϲ磬籾˼ҪǽһλŮܲΪ߻飬ڱﰲ뺣격ʿףŮܲöλʿȻǴȶòʿ̵ѧ֮ǰŮѹϵΪϴᣬŮܲòòдѧзһϵЦԷǵĹ¡
ڼﱸݣӵ˾뿪Ϣ
iѾڻȺˣδȥл籾ֿĬĮ̆ʡ
ļܺąֻ̃һܼסݣϷɻԺ֣Ժģⳡ̨ʣĦм仰ʱӦʲô顣
ⲿϷδ˵ǺҪȫµĽɫоⲿӰǰͶʣԤСɱʲôʡʡǱӽ籾
籾ӱвľֻǰڴʽ㡣
δҵϵʱ򣬵С˵ͿʱڲҲͷȷȷһʮĴ˵ڵ绰
ֻİְλѾ״̬Ĺ˾ܣ֪ﰵ˽ⲿӰϢȻһӣͶʣȻɵǣǰһպͶˡ
²İְָΪӵǱʲ˭ȥԼϣһͱﲻס͵͵ͶʵӰ뷨
һӰԸһЩ췢飬һգ۾͵hС
شأѾתůδ³Ժظ˼ѵϢȻصֻ
iǡøͶʵӰˡ
Ҳ֪˭Ͷˣһ;ҪһСɫҪľ籾ͺ鷳ˡiĵǲ޵˸СɱӰͻȻһͶֻ̣¶١
ᡣδЦЦˡ
λûǮֻĵݣ˵ƢŹ֣Ҳ˵ûŵıȴүй°ִ֡
ɸĹδ΢ʶˡ
ǰ䵽Ȧӵĵ׶ˣ˵ⶨһˡ
ǷݹڣûǮҪģݲЭ´ܵľδɹ
ʱҲǴҪʸһǮͶʣȻ⻰ûüſڣͱ֪˽ˣǰϻһݺϸͶʷϾⲻĳҵרδǿ
ϧûϵݡ
.
ȷδϣҲʵͶʣ޷ЩͶҪĵӰָֻţɫ࣬ȴ᲻ⲿӰ
δԱ⣬кúÿδµӰÿһֱ۵ĸܾξǲڽݼټδ뱾ͺлԣĲݻǺܷġ
ʣµһʽˡ
еǮǾ㣬һۿǾϲϵԸͶʵӰ
Э鿴飬ҪףеõĹˣûõӰƹǵĲƷҲ˵˾Բ籾ԼԱ죬ԼⱲӵĺ˿Ѿˡ
δʱλԳӭӣϵЦݶãδڿһλޡ
û취Ȧʿͨеԣôһš
һ᳹ǳø񣬽ĵصŰļλܲһݣعվδ뱳󣬴ӡ
δiԼӰƸ衷һ˷򵥵˵һ¾Ŀǰ
жʦһʱûҵʵˡûҵǣֿʼ
һഺдѧ˧粻ѣֻҪٹȥױʦ񹤵ļҲܰջɰ˷֣ȱʺݼ᲻̣ɫһֱˡ
δкʵѡƼ𣿡
δ붮ˣ飬΢еˮϾΪԼûѵʱԮ֣Էʾ롣
ȻܿĴ𸴣һѡ
λݣݳʦ
ݳδһŰͽĶ磬ʱܻӭֵǩԼ;籾ϵǰݡ
ǵʱĵӰʱһȺЩԱԸͦãԸλС·ݳδ붼ûٰѾ籾ȺӣϾһǰѵԴ
ϲҲܵ˼λǰĿ϶Ц˵ҪǿʹѿԴۡ
ݳЩ෴֮ǰǩĺԼȼܻܵͣõɷǳ٣˾ǣΪӦЩȺϤǰ̷ֽ
֪ݳڵľЩģѿұ½̸ˣδĻж
⼸λȻҲ֪ݳֻЩɣǵƬ겻ߣݳԸⲿ𣿡
δЦЦ˵
һٷʱ䣬δѾѵǰ״ĲˣȱģҼλ϶͸ɥ˵ЩӰ졣
֪ڻûȷϺݳ֮ǰ˵£Щ˵ΣҲû
ھȱôһģݳⲿ־ͺˡ
мؿ˿ȷҪôδ룬Է̹Ȼȴתְͻ
ĸˣȲݳ
ǾĶ롣
ð뷨һ룬ȻЦ
iʼе㲻ͬܿ췴Ӧδ뷨ıֱˡ
һΣĸϹҥ˵δǰ׳ˣƾȦ߶ȵİգ˲ܻﶼԵÿ
ҥˣҥţ

 40 

δݳ˵, Сӵڶ͸߸˵˾顣
һ䣬ûһλδ뿴ͷ, ˽¸˵Ѹ˵ıһա
˵׺һ㲻, ֻݳھ˵һλǣ̫ºͷ˿
iһδݳֹƵС˵ҾҵĹ֡
ɺٺһЦɲ, Ҳǣ
Լ֮ǰʮŬĴƴǰ׻, , ϹûҺˡ
ݸݳͬһģҲȦˣһûʲôȣȦϺ, û˼ӣ²ôҲֺǺǵű±
߸˵ظÿ˶ʶһ顣
Ҫһǣÿ궼һԱ, ϧÿζʧ֮, ȻҲһ㶼, , ˿Ĳ, ýǿһ϶û˼ˡ
ݳδϵͻͽΪġ
͵͵΢˵, û뵽ʲôԱС
½һ׹͹ԡŮһܶȫΪǰʮ, һĶŲûʲô׷ķϵԱ
̶ˢδǰ֪, ̲סʣϸҲԸ, ʱ䷢ʲôȻԷԳһûཷ֡Ȥ¡ҲҪ
ݳˣʵҲûʲôɣǻ䣬첻ֶ춳
δ룺
һɤӵʵǸ
ô˵֮ͺ
һϷǾŮܲ˦֧ƱϷδǵҪסԼĶųƣһݳϣݳҲҪעƣ˦֧Ʊǰǽţ֧ƱԺҪãȻҪ֣ҪģΪҪ.㣬û
ȡź찡ҪȻɱûˡܰѿõ
ݳֺǺǵصͷҪ˦һ֧Ʊҿ϶ҪƤҲҪϣͷڡ
ԣɫݳҿ㡣δûһ䡣
ȻھԱóʱʼɫ
Ůܲñ˾ǰǳ𶨵ģ΢ЦĻȵͷȣԼʱĴݣδѧ߰˷֣ȻٽϾ籾ŮԸ񣬳׽ĿеŮܲ˳
ʱԺ󣬺ɺȥױŪͣȻ÷װױ߳ʱ˲ɾ̾һ˲
Ư䵭ȴ˵޺ĴԦü·һλλߣеĶƿ֮С
һĻûݵ£´һδ룬Ц˵ҾǸ۹ⲻãδҲ̫˾ˡ
ЦÿģȻһ񵽱ı顣
ݳϴּûסһδҲ̫ˣҸоҪƿؽˡ
δ𴽣Цչ¶ƽȳʲôҴͺá
Ѿɫˣƴݳ˶ţŬԼҲ龳
ʼһ죬δŶ̸СƤѥ˱ֱ˫ĿȻ߽űıڡ롯дѧ
ƤЦشԱλĴϢ⿴ŮѲװȣЦɪһ˲˼ӴĿȴãȻģǵڶμ棬Ϊʲôβô
װȷɬɨ΢ŵЦһ˫ȻؽշϣûˣҪʲôֱ˵
ǡƯ㡣޴ؿѻɬǰҴһΪҪңոջںλ翪Ц˵ûǮ
װ΢¶֮е΢Цͷ֪ˣҪǮǰɡ
˹֣Աߵ˶µصһ֧Ʊͱʣǩվ褿
ůܰ忿ʱ褾κһλʮͷͨһװȴа׵ָ֧ƱƮƮϡ
Űɡ
ʱææŲӴ˼ȻãȻڴϵֽ֧Ʊ
㷲˵㣬ʲô˼
ԺٺҽˡװȻͷһأӵҲ˾Ӹ¡
ٺ㣿崿дѧȻ֧ƱˣʼƮú㣬ǮҪ̸
ߺ˶ҲͦϲƯģʹһ㲻⣬Ůש
װȾԼѾҪԼ־룬̧ȾҪ뿪ֻ৵ôɳΪ˼˵áȣ
װȣ

ãźָ׼õĺ
Ҿ֪ǿԡ
δɵؿĺֿһüɫ𣬻˻Ӻݣǲеͷ
ҡ֣û¡
δ룺
аɡ
Ȼô˵ˣ˵ɶ
δЩʰߵʱСϣҪݺݳĶϷϢһ¡
˲֪ʱߡ
ݳ˷ܵؿδ룬ôݵôҸոտĸͶְ̰һţﳬš
δ¶Ⱥ͵Цݣļ˵ΪҼҾͶְְ̰
δ󱳾ݳ
Цʧ
վߣ磬ȥһ߶ϷǴӽ쿪ʼ𸻡
ǣδֵֻûʲôϢһ۾ͿϷôˡ
ѽУһĻ˳ĹȥˣҲյһͶʣն
򫋣ţǱע壬Ҫˡ
δ뿴ЦˣŤӲĹҲǴһѧģһˣδǶһģһҲ
ѽԿԣǵͬѧѾѧıˣҾˬ屶
ֲ䣺İɣεӰһϲ磬ûʲôΣվͷҪġ
򫋣š
ֱǰֻһֵģδü˵˸ոϷ飬׼Цһˡ
һӺ򫋵ϢˣץصԶôڲͬ
򫋣ԸԷ֧Ʊǰ.
ѽΪҰ.ʲô˼
򫋣
°˳׶ˣδǼ⣬ﷴЦԣ֮ǰ򫋲Ųܱ˵ʲôһ²ؼ̩ɽǰҲ治ɫڶһܲסˡ
žظˣЦЦ
ڣʼ˿ˡ

 41 

Ϊͽ֮һ, ݳҲǱýԼҵ֮һͨԼ˽ڲϢ
˵ݳ⹫˾ĹƾԺǩһͨľ, ˲鵽Ƹ衷ľ顣
ȦûԷɳӵԸﲻ, ͶҲ˲٣ȦһֱжԷµӰʽ𲻹޷Ĵ, ҥԲơ
ȥԱǷֱ˭, һ, ڳδ롣
ͷǰʱϽǷκδݣ˵Ҳ۵Ҷˣ˭Ҳ̫ͷ϶
˴һ黻һ, κλԱ̴ŵϢβͬ
Ща, ͷ˾˵ȵӰƬԺ, ˭֪һĵӰ, ڷϢȥҲҥ, ʱһ´ڵĿ
ûҪ̫СĽɡ
ͷ˾һͷ, ҡͷΪļһ㽲ֻ׷ȷųϢԴͷ, ȥ̽ĻļߣΪʲôôûһû, Ϊ˲ᵽδ, ݳŶˡ
ķļƿԡ
.
ݳ֪ԼԵɺ϶˼ǵϮھϷ
Աݲͬ, ǰϴתԱżҲҪı飬Ϸ⻹бʵ
û˿
һȥӿǱ˺»ˣȻǱǸѵĲԺ󣬾ͳ
ⲿӰµڴֵеҪҲһһߡ
͹˾֪δϷԺھҹӾ籾飬ݳϷƣڴ˯˵ĵ绰ˡ
ιݳæ𣿡
û£ҽϷѾˡݳһĥ˸绰⡣
տʼ֪Ϸ˻źݻ˵ҪûĹЦش绰
ݳ΢ЩӦҲ֪ǺãϾԺҪһòžһװͿ
ľŪﻹδԺ󣬾ڱףԲ¸ۿݳˡ
˵ݳǳԱ˳ŵģ緢չĺúõģȻҪϷǣ˾̺·ʲôһλ˾ø¿Ƶġ
ʱĵȷȷݳĴ㣬ﻹһڲμŵǣǰ;һƬ⻹ûеܾѾյ˲پ籾
ǹ˾ڶݳµӰδԺ󣬾ʱһɢͷ
֮ǰݳ˵˲ڰ£ԼҲ֪δ뱳ܴݳηҪȥμ¾磬˵Ҫδȡ
ⴧһΪҵȷ𰸵ľ˶ݳǲм̬Ⱥ˺ܶࡣ
ŸɴݳδϵãٰԼȡһơ
ýĵһھ飬ҪҪϸһᣬݳδϵҲԸһ𣿡
ʵ¶ݳ˵ڱףҪ̨cpҲñ˾ǿȥˡ
ݳ붼ؾܾˣܲܣĶܸδcp϶Ҳͬġ
˵кôϷһԣcpʱӰӳкܶ˿Ϊרȥʲôá
Ҳõĵʱô֣õʱϷ̫һˣԺĥϹ̫ۣǷֿˣͷ̸ֲʲô¡
ݳ֪ôôһһξܾĲС
˲ɢ
ڶδϳɤӣݳСϷûϰ߹ȥڶԷǰλΡ
ʲôأ
ݳһĲڣ۾תͷ˵δ룬һ¸˵
ʲô£δšˮһڣֻ׼ϰ
ҾҴ绰˵ҪҪαװϵҾܾˣҲ̫ǻ᲻ǹ˾һ㲻˵Щִ١
δ΢΢üƳݳ΢εı飬˵Щö죬ϵı飬ĸ첲
ģúϷС
ݳ֮˵ǲᣬĴк˼ûбȾҪ˵ֻҪ֤ʵ޹ؾУ﹣ţһҪδС
Ǵȥģİɡ
δǰļλ׷˵ϷУԲŵôˣûκһȨýû˵ֲãʹ΢һ֪ôһˡ

˽ݳĵ绰ȻݳҪӻôˣһ˷Ҳ̫ܵۡ
Ҳɲ
ݳûŵ˴ֻǩ͵ȵԼֻ֪ͨݳһԷܾ
ЦһֻϵǰһҰԻ
ݳδ롭
˵Ժ󣬶ԷЦһ
ãԷǺôҲô꣬Ĳֱ˵УҪݺ𣿡

 42 

ݳľıӶ, öԷǲԸЦһǮǲ׬, е׬ǲ֪ô
Ȼϵһý, Ժ󣬶Է˹ؾܾˣ˺Ľƴ, ˵׷xxӰ۵, ʱ鲻֡
ݳ˹˵绰Ժ, ϵýӵ绰ЦһһȦС˵ǸҼסˣԺԵ޹ʣͻȻݺ, ԺһҪһ㡣
֣λǰԽԽշӵ²Ѿý壬ר, ǿҺ۸ɣ
֪ԼѺüý˵ݳ˳, Ʋ, ôһ, ݳ˳Ҳ, ôЩý嶼ԣ
ϵһЩý˼, ЩǵشiҪδͱȥ
Щ뷨ǳ, Ӻ, ҪȥļңھͱȥҲΪ˱ǻ
iѾδЩ, ĳýС棬˼
ôδǰЩýĻ綼˹죿
.
Ƹ衷顪
о⼸ݣһߺͱֽҪĵݡ
ҪĵŮܲŮȱ̼ûйǡɸдѧ褱סˣȻסԷ°͵Ϸ
δ뻻ɫȹÿαֵ쾡£һߵݳüЦһˣҴҪռˣ뻹ôһţһķ˿ˡ
ⲿϷҪΧưԵŮܲλ֮ߵĹ£һйƬҶմı԰汾ȫҲŮܲõϷдѧһΡ
һ仰ݳסЦһȻʹԼʧܸգһ㣡׽㣡һǾݵ⼸ò𣿡
һ׼ԼϷݵЦǰϡ
δ˵ʲôֻ
ʱ˭绰δ󣬿ʾ򫋵ʱüһ˲
ֻߵһ߽
ιλ˧Ҵ绰кιɣ
΢΢һ٣ôʱ΢û̫⣬ϾѾǵһˣϴڡͽеģδҲ˵ݼ̲Ŀ㱨ģ
뵽΢٬ȤĿǡڵĽɫҲйϵ
һеӲ˵hг˳·̽ࡣ
ˣ
δѾϤˣ֪ɰͰ͵ĻʵѾˣѵĺۼ̫ԣδе㾪㵣Ķȥ㡣
ֻǱ߰˼룬δ֪ȻҲκһεѡЭ
򫋿ʲôνʵѹûнЩǱںģӵϣҲһ޹ؽҪ£ûбϵŴûжκﱧл룬ôȻҲΪûеõʧȥܡ
Щòʼնǲֵһ顣
᲻㣿򫋵ܳܺһ˿Сĵ̽
δУȹĽЦֲҴh棬ʲôôŵģҡ
Цۣ۾貵һڣҴһ䣬ҾԼҲݼ⵽Ŀǿ˿ġ
ֻһͷҲЦЦ˵
ܺá繶᣺ݼܺá

δ߽һ߼򵥵ظ˵Լ籾ݡ
ûע򫋽һ·ջ˶پȴ㵵Ŀ⡣
ٵĺ棬ԻްĿ׷ϣδΪͷһ̽Щں˵ķӦ
ע⵽ˣѻڵ۽ţĮȻɢȥͫĿӤ㽿СԱߵϡ
̹ǰ˲ôȡ
Ҳͨ̽࣬˶ûڣǾʲô⡣
ĵʱע⵽вɵˣ΢΢ü֪δԺü΢һ㣬ȴǲô顣
Աȥ̨վλҵʱӹߵվߵǰ
ݴǰһӰãȻ̧ͷӳۿ˿ӡ
ã򫋵»ع䵭
ƵؿŶԷ֪ԼҪʲô
ȪԴĴʼ򫋡
죬죬Ŀɿڴؿǰˣһ飬ⲻǵӰͶ
ǩЭԺһֲʵУǷݺͬ˺üλרҵʦõЭ飬ҷõķֱǮˣŷӦһвΡ
һμ˵棬ǰӻе㲻δһԴ˽̽ࡣ
ִ治뷨Ͷְֽ̰ǮĹ±ĸɸɾһҽûС
Ϭؿһǰݳ̸δ룬ֿһԸδ̽Ͷְ̰֣һ
ԼѾ࣡
ѹȪԴŴЭ飬ⶼǿδϣΪ򫋸δѣԸͶʡ
ֿһδ룬һޡ
ⲻ֪Լδɽ޵ؿǰϵıǧٹֵıš

ֱʽʼ㣬ĬĬվһЩžͷ֮µˡ
ʱ̣δһߵǳݳλϰ죬ӿ΢ĸоֻδаϸ۵ָסݳ򦡣
򫋣
ɫƵؿݳеĪĲ
ϱδ٬ȤĿòк궯ģݳɰױٱ죬˫۾۵ģŵһرϲĳȡ
ģ򫋱һ羪ѣãȻصͷ΢ָ⣬ⲻովòϲ
ָΪ˲ϲ£ǼĺڣҹԨİɲ⡣

װȽⲻ֪ߵغСò޹ģŷŹС
ؿɳϣȥְϵɱ¾ϵƣº͵ڼ㣬ֻһ۾
褱˰죬಻ɵǰö󿴵Լ˧һһϵлֳ̽ķȫԶͰ
ʲôСҰǣС̹

δһĻһվڲԶ߽Ժ΢΢üش̡
̶岻á
Ҳ顣һɶʶؽеرܿδ룺ݵݸҵ̡
Ȼܾͺˡδѭѭգ򫋲Լϸ΢仯ºģϲҪ˵
˵΢ص˵ͷѹͷΪոһĻĲ죬ͷ˵ҲϲǸˡ

 43 

ĳĳ˴۵С, þû֨
̶̵ʮӲγ쳤ؾõĴ
δͼȥ²Ժʲô·, ĲΪԼ, Ҳһ£һֻè
ΣҲûϵݳ
ݳ򫋵Ψһ¾
δ벻ʲô, Ҳ鲻ԽԺֳ︡һ仰
Ǻջˮ
Զ˳ͶһͣסŲ, վڲԶ, 겻ѡ
˵ȪԴϸͶʣδĹ̫ͣ׬, 
ͷһ˼һ, ȥһŲƱ
.
ӰͶ̽, ֪򫋵ڶҪ, ǡʳ򫋽ûκΰš
ô겻ݴݺ˵˵Ҫ򫋳ȥԷ
˳Ӵ˾ҪԱ
ò, ȦﶼǲᱻûĴ˧, δ̽һΰ, ֱ˵֪ͶˣʱѾԲ˲İ¡
ݵҲôġ
򫋲ȥʲô, 㽫ĿͶδ롣
Ķֵֹδ룺
鸴ӵⶩһ, һ˺ƺƵȥ
ݳһ·Ҫδ̽һ˵ĹϵһԼİ, κߵͣδϳӣδͶһߡ
ػΣݳһпαϣˣڲҪˣѾǰ
ݳ¶ؿ⣬ԼҪҪ˵һֻϷδǴൽٴ飬ǵ̫ˣе㺦¡
˼תǧ֮ʣܿ쵽˲
һҲˣֲʲô£δѡһҲ
˵ҲϵķԺЦƽóԲ١
򫋵ͷ᣺ԳԱ𣿡
ǶԵ϶Աδ뷢ƽ̹Ķӣʹҡͷڼʣܶԡ
㲻֡Ҳ˵
δԺЦЩãҪ˵ʲô򫋣һת۷˫۾Цݽһ¡
֣ǾȥɣǾ͵ǲڡ
δ룺
еͷ۵ؿһͬ΢ЦԱע򫋵ء
ˡ
½ͣҪǾڽãټԼͷġ
ΪŹϵ򫋱һߣδû̫ĵִΪ򫋵Ĺϵȷ
ֱϣδҵʵĻᣬȻȻ˵Ҳǽ֪ǵӰͶ̡
˽˾ȵȻе㲻š
ƵʵĻǲ֪ұҲûд
⻰һΪ׵ľԺ籩ľ飬ԲһĬĬΪϲ˷׵Բй¡
δ뿴˵Ժ󣬶µõˮȻ򫋱ԡ
ݴݻһ𣬶úܽˮ˼ӡ

ѧ飬ˮڷŵľ˵Ĺϵһ
ƣ⾭˵ĵݣ
ССᣬ鲻㣡
֪ԼһٽոյĽƷδ¿ǰʳ
ʵسڣȻٲϼӣڼҲһûһˮ۾ļˡ
šüĲ;ߣԲϰЩ𣿴Ҵȥԡ
ٳԵûϵ
Ȼɲûɿü𴽣Щ䣺Ӱ𣿡
δ룺
ȴݵЦһ£;ߣСֿʼţǼˡ
Ϊ˶࣬ҲŲ˼ԣȥСġ治ɫѡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ı˲ɢ۾ۣŵͷ·ոʧǵ˲һ㡣
δԼ򫋿ˣϧû֤ݡ

 44 

δһʱ, һѾģĹԱѾϢ, δҪڸһȦ
ϻҪȥܲǲôôҪȥܣδ΢һ, Ŀ˵һ
Ÿн֮󿴿ҳʮ־ȥϰ绰
һת۵Ĺ˾ûˡ
δǿ, ˼ҲгЧ, , ˡ
ɵظԣ֮ܰؽܲδ벱ӹë, з򫋲̨ϡ
·ƻƣſϣ沿, һЩʡ
ΪʲôһϷˣٻһ², ζ⡣
δȥݳĿ, еͷ, һȼѹ, ֻǹѡ
شԺ, δԭأոյĶԻΪôںԴ׵Сˡ
ͷϸϸ̽򫋵ü, Ҫ׽㶫, ȴӶԷޱһ
Ҷ˰ɣδͷֳ΢ͷ, һᡣ
ڶ˯ѣδּҴҸȥϷ
ҪĵŮܲÿƲʳ˼̻ʵǸ֣׼۸˵һλС쵼һͨأȻקдѧ뿪ط¹Ժõľ
ͷ֮£δ봹ϸؽЩ£üۼϡЩڱ˿ҲͲˣǿӵۺһ˳С
Ȼ뾰褸ʱŮܲվ̨ϣҶӰͶ£ںڰ֮У΢΢򦣬¶ƯߣӰЦݱĥ͸ĵ΢ᣬҪ紵һ㡣
ȻǺӰ
ס۾ھͷϲ뿪δ볤ĺȦ﹫ϵ£ھͷ֮Ҳûһ˿覴ãǰֻ˶ӡҲ˶ѣǾͷǰŮˣһһ߹Ѿ۾ܹģǴͷųġ
ĶִȻһȺеһ۾ܷ
.
򫋻ص˾뷱æĹ֮УԼ㱨
һ¡Ҫ뿪칫֮ǰסλλ¶ٳֵԥ
ܹ˲̸ҵöҲã˵ϰ΢˰ϰϵ⣬˳һЩ˽⣬ϾǸߵĹֵнˮ
ĵȥʣϰʲôſ˵ңҿܲܰæһ⡣
Ȼȴ˵һ𺳣꣬һʾ򫋡ʯĳ
κ˶ǡ
ǰʱ򻳰Ӱ˾һ˾ڲȻûκˮԭԱη
Ҫȹ˾ܶרоļСû˲򫋸ڹ˾ֵһζûУΨһůǵľҵܸߵнˮսҵĽ
Ҳ򫋲ˣ߹ô꣬ûмнĵѡ
ɼˣ˷·Ѿϰ˹¶˵ǹ¶Ļκ¶޷סĲ
û뵽ҲһҪԼ
תǧأݾһѾʳ˿ڡ
һѺں˹ϵܣԾ𣿡
˼룬ҡҡͷ˵bossǺһ£ܶ˶ԼѲռһƲм䣬ͻһܲ
΢üͷɿһ٩٩̸ԼĽĵá
ĵ۽ޡ
ûǲϣδгϵõˡ
δкܶѡ񣬶ֻһ

æµеδѾ򫋵ĹԹȥˣھλԱǱԺ󣬱ÿ찾ҹ޸ľ籾ÿϸڶҪĦЩͷϸҪĺöβſϷŹ
δܾסڣֻΪкͽڣ۶ӻû죬Яļһʺiˣʱʱͳֻδһġ
Ȼϴ΢
δżҲ˵µ㿪΢ʵ󰮹ע罻ƽ̨һԭĿǰûһܹסȺĴЩ䳰ȷȻô⣬ҲרŸԼȥЩۣ¶ԭ˵ЩҲûڿʵҲûȥ
ǰһɫɰŮµȴ̿
㳬ƯҲǱŽƬ˯һ졣
ÿ춼µӰӳӡ
Ӫҵɣ
iǳЦģûضԿз˸ۣȥ΢¿ۡ
iĵƬûùδֻǸɴ෢ԼĹ˺ϡ
δһ˿ͬѰĶ˵΢i΢δƬһֻۣС˿iﻭȻͬ
iҪúչδ㣡ˣ
iδ̫ˣ
Ǻúÿδ㣡
׵㵵صɴ۾
벻ɣǲȫˣвҲ׼㡣iεҡҡͷ
δ룺Ϊʲô
i۾Ůʶδ֮ǰֵжô죬ҲǺᣬЦЦΪȰɡ
᲻ö˵ػ
δȥԺ˼һԺ󣬵ڶϷȥԼľˣȻԼúþӪ΢¸i
Ҳ֪Ҫʲô췢ģi𣿡
i㤵ؿһҹȥϵˣ˼˰ΣȻԡ
ôȻôԾˡ
δ۾Цܲϲʧɡ
ЦƯ˵ĳܴi˻Ц˵á
.
Ӱ㵽ڣ½½з˿̽࣬ΪǴӰӳβʱųƬ
δʱÿһʱؾصķģĵĽǶȺѡıһ㣬ͲסĵʵƯһЦЦı鶼ˣÿ˳Ƭ˶С
ЩչųûݼкڵôǾա
ȵƬųԺ󣬿ӰƬС̹У԰ĶŽ֮ŮܲãһȺ˿ؿ໺õˡ
ҼѡرǡһŮܲŴѧ˹ȥ
𽥱ƽƯӻһ˫ˮʱһȺ˾Լˡ
ϲϲظƬṩ
ϻv׷Ůֳ޵飬ȫһµû˸cp
һȦ˵о˺䣬ݳδ֣δݳ飬˻ǿŮ
ⱻרˮûüֻһȺ˳ۡ

˵ʲô
ݳܰδܾ󣬶
߿ɰδ㣬ǲԼ
õ򫋴΢ۣã𽥼ᶨشδĳɹҵδķ˿Ⱥ
˺ţѾͷβװδķ˿ţܿͨ˽Ⱥ
ȺҲھһ۵Ȼ죬档
СӡֻҪû˵ǾͱϹˡ
δıǰķҪֵôҪӲ˺ҪȻԵûò

򫋿һˮĽ飬˼뿪ʼͼԼӶˮ˿ûԱ˴ܸ߳С
򫋡·ȥ졣

 45 

δϷ, ؼҵͷϢһ죬ͷ
ʱʱȥĥһЩ顣
Ĺ졣
ʲô, ֻ֮򫋵һһе㲻Ծ, һλ˵̫УϷڼ䣬򫋻˲¡
ֻЩµĿݡ
뵽, δıһ˲΢Ť
һЩʲô¡
Ȧ㲻֪ĹĶǡ
Ҫ, 㡷
˶в뷨ʮס

ÿһѾ, ĳЩͷý塣
߽Ϳδı飬Ź֡
²ͣҪһȥ𣿡
ԼѡδеΪ
Ȼְû£һ, ȻԼǾˣ治Ҫ̫ǵûʱ˾绰
߶߶ػĻδЦŵͷӦ
Լʩһ, ʩԼһȥԷ
.
ʩŽؽֱ, صͷԺ, ػ·׼ȥԼ, һ·ϺɵС, жôĿˡ
ʰԺ, ȥԼõĵطδѾ, Щִٵܹȥ
Բѽ, ˡ
δЦЦʩŵԴ, һġ
ŶԷϵĲȥ˴ĸˣδЦʩƵ߽
ʩλϻݳûϵĹϵδԺһȻδǰڮ١ݳ
ǧټƣֽǶ˵ݳʡ
δۣ鲻Խ뵽˸ʩŵĻ֮ͬ򫋣˫ƯһգգؿʩţֱŮΣ΢΢ߡ
һЦ⣬ݣôϲң
ʩŵʱ˺ƻ֧֧˼룬ѡԱ
԰δ㳤Ưֿɿݼ˭ϲ㡣ʩһ׼Բзز䣺ȻųϹ
δ뱻ı鶺֣ߴ۾ɨǵĻ΢΢
һֳֻ֮ǰ˸˵ĻҵʱΪڰҡ
ʩ΢˫ֱգ޺գգ۾Ŀʼλˡ˭ֲ˼˵ˡĶ˼Ͼһһ
˵Щʲôѽʩžػһʡ
δ볤һҲǸݳԲżҲҪѡ
û˵Լŵ㣿
ûС
ʩųһ򫋵Ѿһ϶˵δ㣬ҾܵȷҪһĽ飬Ͼ˽ˣȻǸ˶˵ݳãǾҪȡ顣
δ룺
ʩһٷԺ󣬱Դδˣϻȥ򫋵ĵ绰ʱЩͷۡ
û˼·Ҫ̽һµ뷨ͽ˵绰
һĻ٣ȥֻˣûʲôҪģ
δûȥһ˵ĽȻԺ˫ĵģֻܸŻͲ˴˵ĺ
΢΢תĲ²Ҫ˵ʲô
ǱҲǸоδյĲͬʣûг𣿡
δĻӦûѽͦõġ
Ƕݵİ򫋺Ȼ𣿡
δ΢΢һü򫋿ƶһжںζ˵뷨˵ܲ׽˵΢仯ֻǿֵֵȥӡ
̬ȿ˺򫋣ϾΨһѾ
δЩԼһľҲ֪ҪôԲӦ죺ҽе㲻ˡ
Ϊ仰Եøʵѹɤ
򫋹ȻǱĻƭˣδһᣬһҲŪԼӵˡ
˵һᣬδҪҪϢΪҪ˯ʱŻͲ΢ĺ۲תݷǹٷḻܽһڸԼϲ˴绰ʱ᲻ȹҵ绰ҪԷѹ绰ˡ
򫋵ͳ

ཡ
ɴ䵽δ뻹ﴧ⼸򫋻ҡ

δޱס޿ڴϡ
ôһ£
ôԽԽˡ
˰
ҵ绰ٶȣйں׷ϡ
򫋾û
Ƥˡ
δ뷭ȥϴ裬ϴԺô˺ܾõͷҪԼˮԴһ¡

򫋹ҵ绰˸ɴֻ࣬ǲδϢ
ϵĹصԢԢûһ˿ϴڴϣ˱۾Щڡ
ļҿ϶˻չδ룬ԺǻصŶԷ
.
δ峿Ĥ٤ѹȣ󻻺˶׼ȥһȦ
Ȼܲϲȥܡ
Ȼûţֻˡ
绰Ȼ򫋣δһ˿죬Ϊ򫋺绰һߣһ߽绰
򫋿ڵһ仰ͽָմűδ뾪һ
Ҽ棿δ뼫ѹʣ۾ã
ţ廹𣿡
Сðѣءδѣ΢һᣬҸš
Ȼ¾ת򷿼ȥ·
򫋵شӻͲﴫ
СðҽпգȥҽԺһ°ɡ
·δ룺
ֻǼ򵥵һѶѣΪʲôҪôȥԲѡ

 46 

δʵϸ, ·ֿܻᱩ¶ѵϸҲûŹٻ·۱һ, Ŭ٤΢۵Բ԰һЩЦģ
źЦЦʵѾ, ûҪȥҽԺ飬ǹҪǱĵĻܻᱻϹд
˿ࣺܶಡСδȫȬϳġ
˶, Ŀ, ɿΣҴȥ˽ҽԺ, ıԺܺá
δ룺
ĬƬ̣ǿջЦǾ߰ɡ
ֻһ˲¶ĲȻΪϲҽԺﻹȻԼȥҽԺٶʵ̫ˡ
, 򫋷һߵֻһֱε죬δĿʱʱ䵽ֻϣȴòûȥƿߡ
ʱʱйϵ㣿
ŲĿҲȻûпһĽ, ֻ, , ˳ĳ춼ĵȻδ˿ȺʱΡ
Ҳôһ˲Ĳ, ͵͵Ǳδ˿Ⱥ´ĸо˼
򶨵ػش𣺡һЩѷϢ
ԭŮ˺Ȼһ, δĴ, ۾þˣпȡҵĽ鰡
򫋺ܿ췴Ӧո˵δ, ǿδ뿪ĵı, תһȦ˻ȥԥ˰, šһ
δ봽ǵĻ΢΢ЦӯӯתͷʱҿԾһ찡
е㲻򫋣Էߵ˱ãδҲԼֱӸ򫋵ķУ΢һк͵
Լ˵۹⡣
ϵĳδǲԼֵ̫ԣٵһ𡪡
á
ȥҽԺһҽλܻŮǵݽһʮֽı棬δ뿴ݱп࣬һݸԼĸס
ϣڼܱɾظԼֲ
ֻ򫋶صƽֵüδɨһ۾ôһˣظֻʱ
ʵδŮﲢģݼϷҲҪܺõһζʳҲá
Ļ򫋵ıһЩȻ֣صظδѾܺˡ
һһ۵ĿԼδֲ֧Ц˰ԼС裬ּ͸ɿһ
.
Ƹ衷ʽӳǰiδȥһսĿĿսα
ʱһܣܸӳ
δڼһûҪȥ¼Ŀ۵ĲˣȫŮⷢĽ棬Ӳһ̲ʳ
ʱЦ۰̫ˡ
ȡʳƬԵδ̧¶޺ЦݣȻһЩ׼ʢ磬ü˵ЩԵ̫ʹˡ
ɣ
Ǯ˵ҫݿԡ
δӪҵ罻ƽ̨ϰߣһĲһƬȻ󰤸һ飬渽һ֣İ
ȻµС˿໺ǹģ˵ͼƬϵʳôѵζ͡
һЩڷԼҲ̣˵ִţ˷ѣýԼôֳԲꡣ
ⲻδһβμˣiֻǸ˵һЩעʱϵ
i֮ҪϵӰƬͨ壬δһΪǵĵӰòӣδҲܷģԺʹҴ뿪
δҪȥμӵգĿ鰲Ź̶αӪһũ֣ÿܶսαδ֮һ
Ŀʱûжһλսαδ벻ô£˵Ӱ춼
ֱӰʦũ֣һڵһλսα뜏δϵıûһ˿Ծһߵͷûв׽κΡζı飬뜏Ҳǣֻǿδʱһ¡
δͨĿܰһ𣬾Ҫ컰ԡ
һ׷򻳰ܵĻƿˣһ򻳰۵ŮѣھͰ֡ζĻ档
İûʲôŭ򻳰뜏·ϵĹͶѡ
ӭԱũֵϰȽҲһλӵۣȦܾˡ
ʣµλ̶αдһŮųŮֱҦ磬һСФ룬ǽʱȲԱʢٽϯ
ʣ֣ȻŴ۾ʣǻ𣿡
ϵĿ⣬·ش𲻻ᶼһ
뜏һҳˡ
˵۾৵һתͷδ롣
δգգ۾ЦºͣǿԳԡ
Ƚǰ漸ԱԴһãϢעһ󣬱µԱˣҪȻ˭
ˣδǸ¼ڵĽĿǵڣò˵һڵǰݣеһǰڼɹ
Ŀǰũֵôδʡ
滹ˣλֽ˵ܡ
Ф޿գҲôٰɡ
뜏
ϯϽοǣû£Ǳ£ǿǸǧȡ
δ룺

 47 

δתͷ, ݣ˳ü𣿡
⻰һϯʢٽ, ˳һλмα, ٲȻһǿǿ޳ģ
ڻƤرˡͱȥıùڹЦ
ۼδ׾ٸǴһţ뜏ѹͷų, Ц߹ȥһ֡
ʰԺ, Ҧһǰһ, תһȦ
ĿּڻعȻķɣһеģʽ˵ũֲô˵ܻ
ǵݾͺܼˣο, סԺдһݵ飬ֱǴӳԺס濼ǣһ㱻, ǾҪǮ, ۵ıο֧һ, ׿ɱ, Ǽÿ춼Ǹ롣
ֱڶڵĿսα, ڳԺطûٿ۷֡
ͱҦһʱʹ˳Ĳ˶ԭ̬, ʽ
֣ǵİ칫ˡ
һι۵ĵص㾹ȻǳδЩЦá
ò˵طķ羰ܺ, йʱ, δ뻹ȥ԰ժһϴɾԺ, ͷƽؿ뜏һֹϣ
뜏¶һ˲临ӣδ벻κ˽Ĺһ߲˵СۣȻںԼҲҪȥ˼ôֻ࣬ǹѡ
ɣҲϢʱ䡣
δü۵ͷ˵ãô뜏һ¹
ϣ뜏һĲˣϰȽж̫ˣĿԺҲ֪ǰÿܳԱһôҸ¡
ϯƱףһܲðɱ
Ȼʼ᷹ϵʳ
.
δȥ¼ջû֪ͨ췢ѶϢʱ˳罻ƽ̨߷˿ԼҪȥˣûֻ
򫋼ӵЩ˿ȺδμʲôĿǹչ˼ҵۡ
Ͳ˰
ǹȺȺҲδһλ˿
ǿԺͷϵδ룬ʱѾδҷˣ򫋼˿Ⱥûñ㱻綢ˡԭ򵥣ֻΪΪļ䷢Զǲ²δ㹤ȵʱ򣬶ÿĲ²ⶼԼĹճȫϡ
ɺϲûУɺ̫ԸŶԷȷ֪
ڣͬһȺ˲²δʲô֪˵δ¼ĿǼ٣ôδг̣ҴƽʱķԾͿԿӦδߵĹԱɡ
¶Цݣ˽ȺԺڱ˷ʺƨδʱ˵ţyyδݳʱվֻͨѣһδۡ
ߵ˶Թԣδ㡣
˵ذ˽ģ˳ָԷ˹Աס
˿ãõһֽϢ˿Լ䡣
ϴ꣬㷢Լ˹Աһ˿ţȺϢԺٿȻһ
ֻҪݱ¶ʲô˵ҳΪԱҲ
˿ƽǺһȣϸϸǹ˸
¶ֹ˾Ĺɷ̲ʱûо˸ˡ
.
һԷ죬ϵ˲٣ڶʱδʰö߳䡣
ĳЩֱɵ£ֻҪҪ飬;Բʧܡ
ݳѧϰ³ָʮ㣬ڿЦȥʱÿ춼Ǻȥϰ
Ĵ绹ڴãȻۣδһ𣬸Ͻȥ
δ뱾ûŪЩԱܵ濴һ㶣ҪȥԺ˵ҪС
߹δͣ
Ϊʲôѡ
Ϊ϶
¶ı顣
δָָ¶ƮĹϹ㣬Щζ谭ӭѶҿ˷ࡣ
ݣһأ
δתͷǾܼȦٽϵͳѭ
ݣ
Ǹˡ
ԶɤϰҲ³ˣȻڶֻˡ
ֻǽĿ鷢ǵģֻڲϵоũһ̨绰ʾοͼûпӴ˿ͨϵ
һſڰڷŵβţһ߽绰һ߿ٵȥ
ȻҲ֪ˣǿδ벨òԾôδǲµһ
ǰδһȻĿ״ѿڶһݾ֪Ще
ãǿũ֣ĵԱõģǽߺΪṩһЩοѡãԵƬ̣Ͼ͵
Էˣʳ˶ԷҪȥһЩطȫϸĵõݹĿ࿴Ѿ֪δݼûڴڸڿûȱݵıֻǾˡ
μգһϲ˿ϧؿıӰ
ĴȻЩأûػصݣѽ˼ĵӰҲǰ;ݼأ
ݣ
δܺãǸ˶ڵĵطģֻ׼óҪĶһˮһ߲򿪺ԺˮϴһߣˮտһΣȻݲ裬̶ˮ
ùĶһߣ滹пˣҲûʰŲС豭߳ȥ
ĿһĿڣСΰѵؿڸĸ˯δ뽫ǰͬʱѹ³ӡ
һʻһ߸¥˯ϰ绰˳ǿдСǱ̫
ȵԱȫʰԺδЭͬȽѾźסͣѾȥˡ
ȽָָǣƣǶûδһ˿ף
ϰ壬߲ʹδһ̽ԴЦеؿżͷĵԱԱҪżҰ֪ɣûҪ˵ǵġ
Ϸ˷вϰסˣѵ̧ͷһۣӱҦʼƴp ei
ȽҲסıˣŵضδ˵һֱΪϰӦá
δԼҵȷӦó
ϿңϧȫǻˮЦ⣺СĴϷˡ
ֳһԺһ˿ʼʰ
Ƚӵ֪˽緢£΢һĥδˣ˵æ
Ὺҽ䣿δÿһ̯ڹڿЦʲôΰĳɳʷ
˵˵ӪũҪעʲô֮ġ
һԵĸӣСɢŨζδص˵ͷص𣺡ⲻϰӦ𣿡
ȽƤҲװҪȻӪҵҲǸ
̹
δ룺
Ͳᣬôôһ£

 48 

Ƥδͷ˷֡޿, ûɫѺ۸ַ
ϰ彻Ҫɣſһ٣Աʰһ¶㱻ᡣ
ϯﻹһĨϲ㡣
Ƚ׸һοĿġδ봫һ¾顣
ʦûӡʢٽֹ
δЦЦʵҪǺȫ, ܸºӡȻ˳ǵĻ߾С
һ, ôǵĿĶ붼棬ƶķҪܸϣȻòҲԼ򵥵زһµӡ
ָָ̧һȦ, Ц˵Ƕֵı, 

ļҡ
İְߺߵضűֽ, öûзҳſһĻʶתͷĸͶȥѯʵ
ϰһ
賯ӻ, ʾⲻҪ
δȥ¼ԺİְֱһֱΪ, ٱŤʲô
ţ, ˵, ֪Ϊʲô, Ц㣿
ңİְִӵ, װεıֽز輸, ߺһ
εҡͷ, 밢̰ѳõķ˶˳
͵ΧԼĸת, ѹôˣ
ȥ¼ĿǰҺͰķ˷ŵϣ˳һ졣òƵ˵, Ϥȴ֪Nɪı֣ؽһİְƵԭ渵
δǰû罻ƽ̨ʲôԴϸ鿪ʼʱʱϴһЩƬȥԼգз羰գСֶҫ͸ļʻķˡ
ǣһֱװƲϺúñ¶Լ뷨İְرƽ⣬ҪСҲգСһΪʲôһڶδš
ҲûʲôֻǳԷʱˣΪʲô΢ֻһӵ

ԹԹصİְûеõŵİοְزϸδ롣
ԭƻŵδ绰ʱʾһ£˭ϾֻԺδҲûûҪȥ
.
δ緹ãӳ߳ʱ˴СѾԺˣˡ
߹ȥһۣ֦ڵϱȻĵӡ
Ŀ˵ĵطڣֻҪĿ˲òʵˣǻ໴׶ҪдСԱ߶ϯһ޿κεı顣
УδɴҲһҰݣָıһݽָģȻһΧĻԣС磺Щժ𣿡
ͷһͷˮؿһѻȥڵĻֱ֣Ķ˻ᱻȥ˶
δûЦеСǽС
Сɰѽҿ֪𣿡
Сգգ۾ࣺҽѾѾ
δſںǿ̫ˣǰҲһλѾͷһһǽˡ
ϯ
ǡ·ĿֳϰȽ
Сӱˣֻǵһ仰ɵؿδû
ԵķϣһƯСδ˳ִӱȡһ仨
ѾѾ˵ŻȻʲôؿһ棬ؿƯĻ˵ժ
뜏ǡһ䣬΢ЦŶԾͷ˵Ǹµĺӡ
δȴذڰ֣ⲻժѽĻÿ仨ĻޣһȹӭǵĶǵ㣬һƯĸ㣬ǿҲǰϧֲСɱ걾ԺзҲһõĻ䡣
ѾѾĲСﵽ׻ϲƯĻðȤ˵ô걾
δƳһÿͽ񿴽Ск΢΢һЦҪһ˰㣬ܵˡ
Ϊ£ѾѾʶų˸ĸתͷ۾ܵȳȡ
ܱܵеĿ⿴ţǱߣǱȽСһֻ˵Ļˣ˭Ҳֻܰء
δЦЦؿȳȣҲһ㣬Ưᡣ
ȳԺϲ㣬Դ˵ҽҲƯᣡ
δ벻ԣҽ˵ˡ
ѾѾŤͷȳ˵ˣ
δЦЦؿѾѾͷҲһý㣬һСòá
С˵۾δװģͳݻָƫеڶԷָϣƯĹﰡҺһ𡣡
ѾѾؿָϵĲݻ΢һ󡣡
δװźϵ۾ܾң˵ڻ̫Сһ㣬̰ͼƯ˵óѡ
ϰ˸ҫ棬СҲһףȤ
βԺ͵͵һĻĬƬ̣ȥ绰
㣬СʱҲ˵õġ
ǳʮŮⲻδֳɰȻõ˾ͱ
֪һĻ£δСԼѧ걾ȻδʹСȥ԰档
ʣµ˽˵곤ǡ
죬뿪ʱСؿδʵҪֻ뺢ӵϵʽ
ҼиСʱпտһ档
ѾѾǰδĲӣ᣺Ҫҳ޸㰡
ΧһȺ˷Ц

 49 

˶ס޵ο, רһһٵһˣ˸סڶ죬˱绰
˵Ǽ˹, һˣϵ׽һһһԳԷ졣
ȽԷЭ̺ԺͿʼټԱ, Ҫε¡
齻δ͜Һϯʢٽһȥ԰ժˣͱҦʰˡȽ
, ҵ, Щ˾Ӫũǲ, ȤζҲʼǿңΪ˴̼ڵ˵Ȥݿʼмα˼
һֱڴ뜏δ֮ײ, ϧλŮԸ񶼸ȣһĿЦЦشкûԵʱ, Ҳһһ졣
ھͲͬ, ĽӴռ, Ϳ϶ĳҪľͷ
áδ˼ܼ, ȻֻĿһ, ȻŬһЩ, Ȼϲ򻳰뜏˵¡
뜏ҲӦ
ʵ뜏ĵзǳ, δһִȻĵ, ΪԷԴĵǰչ¶Լеϲﵽûܵ, ǱС
Ȧһһӡ뜏ȻͬЩʣЩм򻳰˵ϲԺ󣬳ӿϵϲ⣬һ˿ͬĵ⡣
δá
뵽ǸŮºθԼʹӣβɢǵİ飬ȻϵǣһδսĿϣȵ׷̣ʧûû䣬ǰҫۡ
ƺû˰ŵңη壬δı֣뜏һΣС
ĵ֤δûһ˿ŮҲʱʱĿڶԷϣ뜏ʵ֪ǻϲֻδ
شĦδĸı䣬ǹΪʰݳһĻΪܹ򻳰Ŀ»صϡ
ֲʵʵĲ²ֻʱһЦ
ǳշ·֮Ĺ£ԺδȻ߰ͷ­ǰѾߵȫûйϸɵ磬ʻǵ
ڿũδʱ뜏ֻصǰ̬һû˲мδѾɳΪһλ㹻ĵˣֻؿŶԷͻͽһ·ʡ
δ˵ʱͬʱͶЦʱ뜏ܵ⣬Щģӵ뷨·ɹδǰһ㡣
δĿͣûãת۲ڲʺƨǵ磬һֳֻŲգе̬Ⱥ˵׽غ翪Ц
뜏һЩܡ
Ϊڵڶλмαʵ֮ǰ֪һδˣһӦǱܿδ룬Ȼģں;˵ʱסˡ
ΪʲôҪܿ
Ǹ黹ҵڸһͷȴҪ㿪δ롣
ֱոδ뵭뜏֪ԼΪʲôķӦˣĲԸδѾ򶨵磬ɵδ롣
Լ򻳰̲Ĺϵչ뜏ɬѣ˵ǰԽϵĲ˳˳µƸδˣںͷϰѾˣȴܵ˸صİѹȡ
.
ڴĻʼնûг֣δ뜏֮ºͣĵطֹһæʱڿĹȥһѡ
ʦɵڹǰЩԱĵ̬һãҲǱоˬ졣
δܸо뜏⼸һֱŵıŤˣеɻȴֲô⣬ʱŷ֣ԭС˵Ҳʵݣñ뜏档
뜏Ŀܶн٣ʱȴûбֳҪͻӣҲûΪ¶õı顣
δĵˣ˸ٶҲܿ졣
æһ죬ϵʱ˶̱ˣδӹ԰ժһЩˮָˣŸñ磬뻷С
Ƚδ룬ŬſſֱȰδ룬æһ첻𣬿ϢҪȻɵĲ̤ʵ
δ˳Ļϣ۰սʤƣ룬ˮԭ̬ȻģҪѵģҳûһ㡣
Щˢˢһ㶣ûȥô껹Ҫʡ㣬ҪʵıҦҲ˼
ȽһĴȣȻеԼֲûǮ
ǳԹģζرã𣬵˭ҲûŶժЩԼԣδһ˵ĻȼЩĿе뷨һƣȥժˮ
Ŀܵ£鱯룺й˵ҿǵǮˣ֪ӶҪѹ԰𣿡
ı˴֣ȳ
ֻصһڣҵδ뽨ȥѴȻˮʱð̹۾һЦ
Ǹˣ
ϢҪǮˡ
۸ɻУ
δСǮǾͳǣ

 50 

˽ֵഺ껪, ֮ƥĺθڣƣ˫ɽȥ԰ƺƵժ˲ˮ, ˮϴһ£ؿ, һߴҹ磬һ߳ˮ̡
ڽǰһ, Χһɢﷹ
ϰȽܽһܵҵǿũ4638Ԫ
໣˹Ǻؿʼף
Ҳ֪ǲΪ̫˷, ͷĵž˼, һðԴϨ
һȺںڰæҵץֻ⣺ô°ͣˣ
ûаɡüǰԵ滹ǵƻͨ
Ƚֻô绰ݡ
Ϊôûб϶ɥϰ, ˿̵Ҫ󣺡УȥάޣҪǮ
Ҳ, ·Σ, ޵·ҲΣա
δԭ²ؼһ, Ƚֻ, ޳ܵչ¶һ, ںڰĬĬһ, ĵĲмȽ
ϰ, бõĵ𣿡
֮ǰͷĵ, ޷ǵı˿նˣȻΪը˰ȫϵͳ, ĵ·բˡ
ʢٽһ߻㵭˵֪ģҴȥҰɡ
δŶԷҵµĵݣ滹˲ά޹ߣһصոյĵط
Ƚʹظǣո뵼ǩɥȨάԼ
δڿϵĶƽȣϰ壬ڻ磬ҽϽ͵ݻԼ
ȽаοͳȥûǻںһƬ
δٵжµݣµȥȻףȥԶ佫Դָ
ũϰûֹͣϸ΢ĵũָֻ˵ƻͨ
ϯɪɪͱҦһ˫ؿſڡ
δųɢɢؿǣ¶һܵº͵Цݣ㶨ˣҪڲҪĵطһǮ
Ƚ
ˣ
δ롭㻹
δص䣬˿ϽһʰóĹߣһ߻ش𣺡ⲻǳʶ𣿡

زߣлʦһҿҪϯˡ
δº͵ļ
Ƚϣ¶᣺δ룬פαɡ
ոնϵûκõ̶αʹͷ
ֻֻӭӿˣᶺС޼ҵҲС
һ˫˫ۣδ¶Ƶ΢ЦˣҪȥúˣɻ࣬Ҽ͡δɹͬ־Ŭ

.
δ߳ܿע⵽򫋡
ĻԾһ޷Ĺ¶źɫķ£һؾĺįצزһ𣬿ӣͦεˣƯ˶ļɹΧ롣
δţ͵͵˵⣬Ͽֺñӿȥ
ô֪ҽδЦЦؿ
͵ĵĽƻĩ˿յֻ˱δ룬޳֣Ұ㱳
δ룺
ֲʲôСûװٶܿա
·ɻ򫋸Ϣ˵δ뻹ԻԷô֪Ҫ
ҵġ򫋼ûаѰݸĴ㣬̹Ȼջ֣ߡ
δԻ󣺡ҲûҽҪȥ
δʲôתͷܼȺѰɣȻһҧͽ
򫋴ñܵķ϶δ鶯˫ۣҲúΪ£δǳ˵˵û
ˣɵϰ㣬Ҳǹˡ
δ뵱Ȼ֪˵౳ϵİҲ֪ڹңôһˣҪרӡ
Щй¶תͷܿ⡣
ʵһɻ󣬽Ϊʲô

ȻΪϵˡǳҫһ㽶ãʡ
׽˲࣬ҲֻλЩͬھͷµѣҲֻҵˣҶ򫋵˽Ҳ˶һ㣬
δ뱻˵ķڷҲСϸץСë
Ĺ㡣
ҫԵ㽶С̣С̵ӰӳһẰȫͬѧһȥģ
ҫð׾ֿɰԸҲã԰ﴦѡ
ģδЦļ⣺ֿû˼ô졣
СδԼ飺СһȤһģٸЩͬѧ
аɡҫǿӦ
ǳһĻü⵱ĻʼˣǰĻ
δҲüתͷҫƯĴ·ǹ⣬ϸ׵ָҫ°ͣҿɱ֣Բԣ
ԼСֶգ۾ҫɵСҲһظԼС̡
.
ڼϢһ죬ڶͺһȥ·ݡ
;ȥμһա
̨ģ˵Ƹ衷һϲ磬ʼ˷ʾϳcp
֪ҪμĿ򫋻רϵҪݳƻ
ɵǺǸϵرǷǳķ𣬸ֱĲˡ
δεƿߣôҲ벻ݳĶ򫋲ˡ
Ȼȿ̨ݳСⲽ
δ룬㿴ûҪɡݳӫڳcpͿ
ԼǾνֻһսĿһݣͳδ롣
ݳΪת͵ˣֲַϵĲУȻҲûдµӰ˽δһۡ
һɲŮòʺϷչһΰµ棬ضѪꡣ
δķ˿ѹcpֺۣԣδ룬ԼԼδϣҲҪֽ
ǣľ˹ϵ⣬ΪġƸ衷ԷӣĹȥδ鷳Ժ󣬾ֲֻδ¡
βμգ˸ǰݳǿܻcpȻ󻹷Ҫǵδ鷳
Ⱥˡ
ݳδʲôҩԼľ˱
һǷ˿ڴδʲôϵķչһǾҪδ롣
£ݳ˳ߡ
δѡһ֣Ҳûͷﻹͻأһ򫋵Ҳˡ
̨֮ǰ
δͣפ·ϣ˫ɫĻһ
Ϊʲôôں򫋵뷨

 51 

ûи˼ʱ, διº͵Ц̨߽
˵ҪĿӰƬ滹Ϸ, ڷֶӵʱδ˶, ֣뻻ӡ
˺ؿ
ݳϷڶ̫ˣǸ, Ҫ, иԱ־Ư¶ľ, ǻ䵽ȥݳϺȵĳ¹ʡ
̫ˡıһùڹЦݳװҪȥģ, ݺƢصС
ˣϾδ˵ʵ
ݳؿݣǡǫ̂Ŀ߱顣
δѡһ, ǰʮûʤضһ˵ڲ, ʤ¡
ӮȻѷ·ݸ
ȱôɥ, ҲϷڶһԺ, ָԼ˵
δЦݳһۣݳе㲻ͬ
ͷʺŵڵһϷھδ뻰˼
ݳǼ򵥵Ϸڶ, ǺbϷڶ, һؿֻվս, ӳδ˶, ¶ȴݵЦʾſɡ
ά֮ʣݳչʾɲ, δӲҰܣԴдʧܣݳһš
ۣԼԵģ̫ˣ
ЦЦļ򣺡ûû£´Ŭ
˶ĬĬؿͿ˽ֵδ룬ʱ˵ڲʱص顣
ڷ׷״ЦǿԴͭɣڲһ壬δ̫ˡ
δȫûλйǾֹȴ˿ץ
λСıȴûκά͡
δͣ
۽ɱң
δ룺ôأȻǹСˡ
ݳһĸϷоΣ
ݳΪӣֱѣĵʱng˲ٴΡ
ΪǿưԱݳϵ̹ҺһƬϺѴ뾰褵δ벻º۾籾̨ʡҪȻıݵ׳Ӱˡ
µ˵ݵ˵̫ҵˣСʱƤԺҰҲҡ
Ȼ˳δ⣬δǳЦ˵ݳʵû˵ݵÿҲ֪óһˮݸһĪʫ
ݵֺЦȥϴ侲һ»
δҲǵһŮܲɫɣоΣ
δԣüҸоɫʵߵѧϰġ
Ŷδ˵˵𣿡
δӲЩǲԱĴڣǶĽ±˻˵ҫöⴧĦ
оҽ㣬ӡУҽһˣߴһʱԺ󣬲ſͬһ棬Һ
ȻȻδĽ㣬˵ǳʱ鲻䣬ȫסˡ
Щ˶ȥһЩĳǳӪĹ˾ʮ˽⣬˭û뵽Ĺ˾Ȼᡣ
δϲ㣬˵ıᡣ
δЦΪҽֵõϲ
˿ǽδһЦͼ£Ⱥ
ۣδĽ㣬Ҳƻͣ
Ľо۰δ㣬δôϲ
Ƿһ㣡
ֻҾĽδ㶼𣿡
.
սĿİְֺһڵǰȽĿ
İְֻǫ̂ˡ
һۿķǵİְ֣һ˿˿ۣԴδ붮Ժ󣬼ŵ˾Ȼİְ֣û뵽
С˵Ĺû꣬ȥæ𿴵ӵʱˡ
İְ֣£ҾͿһᡣ
ȿĿδǳﻰάϲĸĸ˸ĸˣǳĻڽԺİְüͷ΢΢
Ժ󣬵ڶᵽǱǿԽܣһδ˻᲻
İְֵ°ڣѾʼΪδôԼ˵ǣ󻹸˵Ц
赣ǵؿֹ
飬ʸʲô
裺һüһɵЦôа
İְ֣
ⱾһС£δʱе㲻ġ
ҪȻְȥҽԺһ°ɡδͬûв͸İְֵ˼Ϊİְﲻ費ΪȻٳӾ
ȥðˣΪûʲô£һܺжףɻˣʵʵҽԺϢ
ݵһƱرˣԼ˼һҹȾƣֿûʲô£ڶһ类ȥϴθ˵΢ƾж
裺
ȥ顣
İְ־ͱȥҽԺȥϴ򫋴ȥҽԺδĿģֻ˵壬ЩŮķ洳
İְӹµµһҪǶ
δ뻹ûشݺݵİְּһƣسŮЦЦᶨģҿ϶װƭǻ
С˼İְ֣
İְɧ뷨δ룺
İְּЦôܻ¡
̳˳ᢣ̸Цǧʽİְڼǰʼѧαװݼ׾ӵһ۱δʶơ
δЦãȥһŰְ֣һ裬ϵЦҲϷͻؼǡ
ż»ǰ򫋣򫋻йûԺ绰ʺ
ûʲô£ʹеСëȥעûˡδ˵꾡
˼򵥵һᣬ򫋺Ȼ˵ȥĵӰ
δ΢΢һ٣ЦЦһôһ𣿡
򫋵˵һݳһݵĵӰá
СӰĿδʧЦǽϣ̲סʣΪʲôô
ȻΪۣδǰΣϻкܶ˰cpֽЩcp֮Աǣʲô۹⣬ݳĶδ롣
˺ҲһᣬδҲûдӶԷʳΪʲôݳͷİְֳԼ
ں˭绰
ոݳ֡
İְѾǸֻƽŵİְˣʱѾѵδѯˡ
ÿǿǳǴ۾ڿϿѶδ봵ʺƨ
δۣİְֻ۷Է
εӰӳİְֿԺٿδѯҵ˺ܶδݳݡ
޿ײcpȻҲ굽İְǰʱˡ
ΪһףİְֶϲԼŮϿǵ۹⣬ȴֲϲˡ
ϣԼŮҵϲǣԸչǵˣֵⲻ֪ĸɽͷðҰСӲŮģҪŮ
ֻûһݳİְҲϷŹ衣

 52 

δ벻֪İְֵ뷨, 򵥵˵򫋴绰ΣоҵĵӰ
İְɫͣڲ֪ҰС, ֪ģȻʼ򫋳ֱл, ϾҲˣֵʱ
İְһ˫۾Ѿ͸̫࣬ôֻǵظδ, żδ۾ðĹ, ܶѶ˵ҿܶϲ, ǰֻһ򫋣ԲⲢʲô£˵һ˿ζЩ߸Ӱġ
ټʱʱҲæչδ, İְֽ˾裬Ҳ˲١
жµ򻳰ĸף˷, ޹, Ͳǲ, ɵزȥ𱸺ӡ
򻳰, İְﶼͬ, Ůʼ׷򻳰ʱ, Ҳû
ֱ򻳰˼̬ȱ, ԼŮԽԽʱ, İְֲŽìͷҲ׼򻳰
λ򫋼ֱǲ˳Сʹ
⺢Ҳǵ, ҾҽԺҲģһæҪ塣İְƹĵؼٳһԶߵ򫋣Ÿ˵˵һڼҲûչˣпվԷһֲࡣ
δеЦֵЦԼϸӹҲסǿѹЦ⣬صͷŸĸ棬ְҽĶһ顣
һȥĸҽǡ
.
ϣǳҫһԷ糾͵ظϻؼңİְֿü
ʲô֮ǰҲ˵һװͰ͵ѵţȴһڼﰢǰŮ·Ȼ˵ҾСʱ̫ˡ
ҫߣϽȥԷ
ļҳÿ˶ѾİְֵıʣĻڱ˶ﶼһ˾
кҫѾ˵̲סЦСҫ˵ˣǰͳҪؼҡ
İְһһǾͻؼסгȥ˾ϰҲ鷳
Сҫ̫ˣҴ϶ᳳǡ
δЦסҫͣСѼ죡
ҫС̵֣ϡɡı飬ȫ֪С̸ոѹû
˵һҫһҶѾǴˣӰҵģС˵˵
δЦˣһ֭ҫոջ˵Ǵ˵Сϲصؽӹ֭ͺȣԼոûֻ¼¸ոҫ˵ݣһԺԶСӡ
ҿ˵ܻˡ

ҫǺСӶҪӵĺܣ˵ڻСûа취ƣ
֪ˣСͷԶδȤζذСƵԼԼּϲĲ˺
ǳεؿԼĶӣǲ²͸ôϵһͻͽġ
ҫδ˵Ҹһ͵͵ؿĵӰ
δͷһС룬һָŰŪɳϣС±Ƶֽų졣
ôģ
СҫôС֪ͣзִ磬϶һ
ȻС¶ı飬ԴС˵һСԺ֮ѩһԽԽ󣬼ȻܹߵˣСȻǲ˼ء
Ҹ˵ҺҪȥֳ棬Ȼ͵͵ȥġ
Сӣδü
ҫʵҡҡͷʢС壬ȥġ
δ΢΢ü͸С״ע㣬Сҫ˼ܡ
ҫָȻʼǾܾ˴ȥӰİѱС֪𣿡
Nɪı飬δƫƫ⣬Сҫ÷ͣͶ˵׷裬ȻҪʾãҸҪǲȥӰһؼҾ͸۸ҡ
δ룺
仰Ϣˡ
һʱ䲻֪Ҫǳ׷ߵ£ҪȥҫôԽԽСͷ
ҫ̲ס϶ҶģΪ軹֪ʢϲ
ȻˣҶһ»ǿԽܵģҿ϶첲ȥˡһ˵Ŀ˵ϾҾþҸҲͦãҪϲҲס
δ룺Сҫӽ쿪ʼҾͶĹˡ
ڵСӳ쵽ÿ¡
ҫûָʱ䣬ָ߸˵˵ӰҿˣС㲻Ա̸ɡ
ᣬֻѡ
ҫһǾͺãҲϲ
δһ㶣ݳôˣ򫋲ϲҫСҲ˵Ļ
Ϊʲôϲ
ҫΪ䣡
δ룺
ݳͦõģԺһ֪ˡ
ҫҡͷҿϵǸգҲһ档
δ룺
һݳϷڶʲűҫġ
.
߻ûϾãŶֽľ籾iiɸѡһһ籾ʱһ绰ȥȻ񻺺ĵļ˻δȥ绰
δЦŲǲʲô¡
ǰiϵúܿ죬ԽԽϲδˡ
ȦطȱթΪ˷λΪ˽ɫδݵȷһЩҪ鷳iҲû뵽ԵȻôá
½㶼ǻŮǣλ߳磬ѾԱԱѾٰͽԴõˣǳϵģδϵͦ
ɭลݵġ֮2һλŮŵʱi˾籾Ϊⲿƻô˵ʮֳɫѶҲ൱ߡ
ⲿӰiһúܺõľ籾
㡷𣿡δпɳϷķľ籾ߵҲ˽ϵңȥŮһš
ϴ˺Ժ󣬸ߴϤ֮ҪδдһŮľ籾⻹ûһŪˣδ뻹ȵġ
籾ҿˣú֮׵ĿʱˣϷ¡δεҡҡͷ
Է˼ˣȴпհߣ룬㿪档
ıл»Ϻ

˵֮׾һֱϵĸ飬ȥ˳֤ʵһǲ£ԵĻȵƬôôգҲ⴫ģҾǺ˧վһ᲻رĿ
δ룺ˡ

 53 

Ƹ衷ˡ
ƯŮܲλ֮, ΢ƽ⣬ͬײЦڶгʹȫһ
װûѡκһλ, ѿİµ֮ǰԴҪѡһ, ŵ׷ȥڻϣ˸÷ɧ˵ֶγװǰ
ѧ, ʵĻ, ǿڻĻ, 격ʿվǰУſС̯ϰĺƣø߼ȣ12ʫ, װȱɧסʱҲλӿѺ»գһ, һߴ, ڷɻɵһ, װվ, ӰȻֹ
߳ӰԺ, ͬеĻ鶼˽ľͷ
ҾȻһ㶼ϣŮܲȥ, һ˾͹ˣٲҲ
ǰ, ͷ˲, ˭ǲ䣡
ڵӰδϼܣֻܴƬȡŮܲװȸò
ϵһһϮ, ѸǶŮܲչ˲ʽס
ԵŮܲã˰ˣʲôʱӣȣᳪ
Ҿͺãò8֣ԵĲ࣬óˡ
˺꣬xxxx
ֻҪٿһۣͻᰮˡ
ŮģҾȻС̹С׺ףôǿ˧ҿԣ
¥ϵģϹ˵עһ㡣
ôˣȻŮۺһŮԱϹ
ӪŲȶȣдС̹С׺ָŮӭ¡
µߵۺȻʾȻСŮܻӭѽ
δݵװǿᣬдĵطȴȫװ㣬ۣλ˧ԱŮӵѡ
˵Ĺ˾ҲΪ۵ķ޴ĿֻУһ˭ĵã顣
ѾԼ˵һշۻŮѷŷۣҹ˾ĶԷϷͷ̫ʢһռ⡣
ȥŮԱһ˵
˫۵δˮŶԷ·ͬʱϧĸо
iҲϵ׳ŪĴֲϵ˵ӰԺδһȫϴȥƿĳƺţ֮ǰ͹Աֵڷܿ̿ͨ嶼ûᷢ
ͬʱΪδ˿ȺĹԱÿ˿Ⱥ˽ȥͻȻǵķ˿Լ·˿ԺδϹŮѵۣ
.
δðĿȺһڣɬĿ㴽ݼӣ΢۾ɨ˵繡
˵۹ͦõġɳϣɫĳ£Ưȴسϣ²豭õְ£΢ڡ
iƵ۽ǲѾ֪Լ˿ʱƯʵȴֵõ壬׺ײϡ
Ҳ֪ļ˲֪һ£ƩǳΪ˺ӵȨͷ֮ʣһ˽ȴֻףǳ
˶˵ļΨδѵһЩi겻ѣЩ˿湻Ϲġ
ǾҺÿϲңһҪվ񶨣˵̫ƽˡ
˵ľ˶i绰ϣԷܹϵķi֪δ벻ȥ֣뵽ݳݵĹϵ˵ı⣬¸Լ
Ӧǹ˾ľ
δͷͬ粻ں϶ķݳ컹Ϣ
㿪ֻ˼µݸi
iӹƸλݵСȺݳȺݻδϲŮ˿ϲĳƺţɵ巢
i
湻ûĻġ
ͻȻôһ㣬ͬ˵ľˡ
һˣź
.
³࣬δʰ߳䣬ɳϵ򫋻֣ˡ
վ𣬸ߴ˸ȵ׾ù䣬ھͲܾأ㻹ҪСʱķɻȥ˾Ҫ㣬Ҫڲɵϡ
δ֣еΣתȣ겻ϣλҹϮظðˣi˵ҪڶҲˡ
תתҲ֪˭ϵ򫋣δȥ顣
õģ˳Ҫȥ̸һ⣬˳·ѡ
ЦЦؿ򫋣룬һû쵽һߣȻô˾bossҵҲţ
ЦĿüͷ΢ɣŵһֻɡͷδ룬ֱֱײ۾侲ԳֵӹǳǳЦ⣺㵱͹ˡ
δ˰룬ŷӦЦûסڶԷߣһſŲģĿǾͰˡ
ϵŷֳůţĳʪů
ƳĻ첻Ȱɡ
Ҫġ򫋵ʯҽˮҲܵһλϺȵ
δ룺Ĳҿ
ҲΪʲô˵Ҫȥһһˣ˵һȥ˵ľܾд˵С͸ˣһ˳ȥȫģпյģֻһˡ
ҾԼҺÿδίͰ͵ı飬üź
ǿԼߴŲĲɵӦš
δ룺
ڿ䣬ָ򫋷񶨣Էţ
¶ȸպãδȥ·Դ㣬ûһṦ׼õľ˯ˡ
˯رͣʱԺѹͣ²Ūȫֽ֣ں·ݸͬʱ౸õˮҲ˹ȥ
ˮ¸ոպã·һǣֻмӵĲʣ򫋵ૣĪǱ
ոһϵжȻҲûа㲻ʣӹǰ컹ɢ״̬԰Ρ
һɡǫ˵
ȫûиδԼǰѧϰ˶չ˵Ķ
δ˴ȻֺñӴϣ˵ӿֺ洫Ƹܲõķô㣿
ʲô
δЦЦ˵ײͣλ˧ϴ𣿡
۲΢δҲǳ飬Ų岻Уû𸴡
ͷųˡ㡷Ա˿֪δ²磬вٷ˿һ
δƳһ۰ʱ䣬ٵؽӹ˿Ķǩȥʱ˵һлл֧֡
üۻи˯Ѵһ˿㯣ȻȺȻ뿪ķ˿ʱᡣ
ȥϷһҪչ˺壬ˡ
ţҲǣ첻Ҫôˡ
δŮ񣬳ȥҲҪǵѽ
һȺ˿λͽ˿ŭĿӣδЦЦˡ
δ㣬λСôǰһˣз˿Сʣλȥ߸ƣſ֣ȴ¶һ˫ÿ۾ԭĺ
ʱˣʱ˴ࡣ
δû뵽ôע⵽򫋣תһ־עûȺ˵һ㳶⡣
һʱ˵ϲ
δժֺñӣȷԺ󣬿ЦЦǰi˵飬һЩС
ûУΪ㣬ǲźϲ㡣
δ룺
ϡͣ½Ų򫋣΢ţĪðϸϸſ˵ȻҵûбҪĲʺƨҪûС
򫋣
˱Ҳ֪һЩź

 54 

Ϩֻ, ĻϵӳӲ˧ӣһ˫īް
ʵϰͷĹĲ࣬ʣȫȥ, 뿪Ҳӣ˵, ʵѾôʱ䶼
δ͸ߴ籾ݣҴҸϻϢңͿ˼, ܹһƵ, ͷݵĲ, ȥкԷ
ʱҿݣ⵵ӰҪĸ¡δָͷ
İ۾ֱδ΢ǰȻǣȺ, ҲԷ뿪ˡ
ٿȻ䣬δ΢΢̣Լո˵Ļ, ֻ̫Դһ, ˭򫋻ȫ̸ŵĴ
̫ˡ
ֶ˵ԭ, δ, տڲپ򫋵¡
극, Ѿܰ, δɴαװñӺͿ֣һȥ
鲻Զ, , ˳ְѳȥС
һ˵ҪЩѣǰʱһֱæŸӰ, ûЪ¾ϷδһգԼ˵
һ羱Ҳ΢΢ɣƮȻҲĻѡ
ûϵ״Ƴȵػش𣺡ҸѾֱˡ
ʵûһȺרҵԱϷܻδ۾ⲻʵʣҽ˵ûˡ
δüƯ۾һ˿ǰ簮ܺӵܼҳһΪԼĶãΪ˵ǿ϶ǵĴ
촽΢Ƭ̲˵ʵҵԸҲá
ͷͻȻקס򫋵䣬·۾һؼ۵Ļ𻨣žવصΧĶ˵ҽܺá

ʶѹסѯס飬ǻһ󲻰ĹĶСſɡ
ΪʲôܻͻȻĳ֣˵һЩ֮ǰ˸Ļ
΢һݽ̼ཹðݶ黹һ飬֪
ġ
.
ѣߴع۲ʡ
δԺзĶһ٣̧Ƥһ򫋣ûҵѣû飬ࡣ
˵ûеõӦ
δ뷢ԼֻвͷһۣͷָߴĲΡ
ˣİɣ˶ǩЭģû˵Դϴξ﷢й¶Ժ󣬸ߴⷽϸϸ
δ룺
濴ˡ
ߴ𾪣ܰɣǲϲ㣿
ϲ
δ΢һ㱣ԼǴ˺ʧֻ̽¶ִգסй򶨵ؿߴ˵϶ǡ
δ϶ϲڻظϢ
򫋵Ĺ˾ڣ벻ϰ壬򫋵ãѹŸˣԼȥ˦ƹ
Լ쳣ߵнʣսϡͷ̾һ
ϰΪ׷İˣԸ⵱ˣ鰮෢չһأ׵ĵ׵ڮ١
򫋽ͨδǡŶ룬ֻⴧƽҪˮǰ浹ˮ
δ뻹ΪߴﲻʵʵĲ²ῴ֮ǰĲȻУ̲סԴԼ֮ǰ̽Ľسһ⡣
Щ߰˸Ϣδһ԰ȫƸˣ˳ؽӹˮһˮò˵
֪ôûӣȻĻţԼҪȡˣÿ춼ҽƣϣտӰࡣ
򫋶δ볤ܵĽëȻôĲɵġ
˺˵˵˵Ժδ뿴⼸첻ȥû𣿡
ȱǾͿ̨Ļ֤ǰ۹Ҳôá赭дؽҿ£ȻЦЦ̨ˣǵһ
δ밵һԼұĵࣺˣҾǹһľˣǹƴѧҵУн˲ţԺѲɻҪһλ˾ϰ壬Ǳ̫΢ˡ
ôܡЦǲָ̧֣ǰһƳҲΪһԱ
δѩɵ㣬֪Ϊס˺
ҲĹԱˣȦ￴˲ٿŮɬˮһ㡣
һΪİְֺ㵽ԵʣҪȻֽ׸Ȱҵˣôܺ˼롣

㡷һλƯĶϱΣ³˷תۡ
δݵǹµ˹ƴѧҵѧզ࣬ƯƤҴϻ۵Ĵڹ˾ˮȻһλͬ¾ְλʱ⡣
ԶƧĸĸõܵǧڹ˾¿ɥ˱˵жôĲТ˳ĸЩˣһڴңڡ
ͷ˾ӿ򣬱ϾƯȴһλͬ»ǿĽʸУ˾˺üʶ
Ҹĸ˾£˺صӰ죬ý屨ǹ˾ڡѪƸԱƷҵƷɣ˼⣬˾ݺݵسһ٣⣬͹
˶֪жǸ֮мİǣȴʮԼϵĹ⻷Լӵеһжûκιϵ
ƫԶŮǼһӣȴΪŮȫ˶ʧĸ׶Сʱʹ˱ŭȫйϣʮʱ򣬸ĸҪˣ޸һҡĶӣϴȻ˸չȥˣǼҷɥǣ˼ҸǶ֮ԭָ׬һǮһɧĸַû˶˺Զĵطҹѵİ˾ˣ˶С
ûЭӱһѾǴӵĶ
Ŀӳ𣿡δ붢ž籾Щģֿ˶ȥһ̶ֱ˵
ƱǴ˴ˮ˾ʧ׷תھָԷɱ˵ף˺αװǶɹĺӣˮ︡˳Ȼ¶˵΢Ц
δ͸ߴﻹбˣһʵְݺͬµϾ⣬һҹ˾ȥЭ̺ʱ˺̸ĸ߲㣬ǴְԺҹ˾ϰھ¾
Ծͬ΢Ц·ʶǰһ㣺ã򡣡
ԣǾǳŽȥġߴһĨ⼸ǡ
վڲԶһؿδϷ
δ뻻˸Ĺװ˾ŮԱװ޲µȴٴαŴ۽ޡ
ĵǵһĻ˾ٿ飬˾һλȥֹ˾Ҫ漸λѡʱ
δ뻹ûĹְͣһ˺üθߴﶼе㲻⣬ûȱһʲô
۾ûֺʤ
δգգۣ˵ﻰʤǿʱŮԣҲҪڹĿºӡ󣬵Ǹߴ˵ֲǺס
Ϊһ򫋲֪ʱ˵ȷظԼ滮·ߣǰֻһ·ƴȫҲҪȥ塣
նе·
δڴҵ˺Լͬĵ㣬ϱӵһˣʲô¶ҧƴǰߡ
Ҳﰲݾˣ˶ˣδܰϧԼߵÿˣԼķâȥ˼ιܶ˺ǰ˼ˡ
䵭仯ߴﲶ׽Ĵȣָо

˾ڹҪѡʱɹ˾򣬹˾ܶԱϵܺã׷Ȥףһ߿ɫࡣ
ŵЦݸлΧͬ£ʱ΢ЦһŬɡ
·ץһ˿ѱ
ʽѡʱһܺ󣬶ʱ߲ͻῪ
˿һλӽ빫˾ͲϸŮˡ

 55 

δ뷢, 츳һſҲĿ
ʲô
򫋻ؽעתϣʯڵһ˿˿Ի
Ƕ׷ʲô˵ָָԵľ籾, ͸¶ִ֣ҪŪԼʡ
Ҳ˵ʲô
δ, Ů΢΢ĵţĴÿĻ, ۽ΪЦһ˿ᡣ
ϸ, ȴ̺ž޴, ԼԴϻϷ´СʣϹճġ
ߴԭδ̸̸籾, ԶԶǳЦԵ˵ʱĬĬͣ²ԼԴ, ԼǲȥСˡ
δ벻˵Լٷְٶ򫋵뷨, Ҳܲ³߰˷, κ϶û̫̫¶.ǵ., ĮȻ侲ˡ
ܻرں˻, Ⱳӻܳ
۽, ΢磬ʧڿ, ֻβѾˡ
֪ʲôʱ, Ѿֵ̤ľڣ֪ؿ, ů
Ҳ֪һֱԼѼʲôӡ

δķ˿ǣʱҵ˲ͬĹע㡣
δϴƬ
ƬԼĵģҲĵġ
ͷȻǶе죬ǽþˡ
ϻܲҾͺյôģģ˸ȷû˾ûpͼ
Ƭֻܿδһˣ𡭡
ϴξжй¶鷢ߴ԰ȫüҪлеĲɷãҲ˿·̽࣬Է˿ֻܴԼ׷Ա΢˽
δķ˿ȺԱˣϾδɾӪ罻ƽ̨֮ǰֱǶĮ飬ֻ·ûͨ
Ѿϰȥ̽罫Ƭÿϸڶһڣ²½ĺòá
ȻƬЩ֮̽أƬδ˻򱳾øָֻҲָֻܻ֡
²ռѡ
δϷݽĻ磬ͷʹɳϿ˳ѵˣҶ²򫋵ռЦһ
ɴ΢ϱ༭һݷͳȥ
δvҸһ²Ҿͷˡ̯̯.jpg
ĳƬʱҲ˲٣ʱƽȣǳɹ֪Ϊ˾ˡ
Ϊ˼ûĳûԥͷ˳ȥ
ϣδֻݸ򫋵ʱ򱻾ܾˡ
ƺ¶һ㲻˵ı飺ĵĲá
ƵĶ棬δں֮ǰϡذͷŴһ飬ǴԻʢ
˭˵ĵĲÿδջֻɴ۾˵Ҹ
򫋿ߵֱϣ㡣
δ뱻һ¶Ĺ˹Ц
Ұģδ뿪ʼģԼҲܽı飬̲סҪ
򫋼ûôᣬԼֻ
δ˵С˼޺ľԼֻҵֻİɣ㡣
û£ѡһ·㡣µرֻܿ
δҲУûϸϾ
ɴ¶ĵЦݡ
δvҺϲҵС.jpg
µķ˿ϴļƬգȻ֪ʲôʱðһĵؾֻ˵Ƭ
Ǹ˻ȣûа취ƽֻƬʲôǶʲôʽĳģͨŴգɹ׽ĽƬˣȻܺǸǸ˧磡ԭǽۣ
ǰ滹һطֱӿʼϹ˵˿ַģһͨλ˿Ȼ½½˵
ȷᡣ
ⲻ˵ʲôɣڻؿٷְٽ㿴ʩŵҲĵˮ
˵ˮ˶ǻĴܲԡʲôʱ̣ңѾϴװ׵˺þˡ
¥ƨԣȥŶӣûֵأ
Ľѣδ㴲ϵ˵ʲô𣿡
򫋶¥Ļ⣬ãָδ뷢һ¡
.
ɲԺͣظϵܲõİ࣬սսΨԼһС鷳ӶǺϡ
ڱʾܷģСǱչ˺Ժ򫋿絶ˡ
СĺСɪɪȻˣظδ뵱϶˲ٵʱ䡣
δ֪Ժһȥ
ͷ䷢״δҲܸо򫋵鲻ã·϶
ɫ΢ұȺĺã
δ룺
ڴ䣬ôˡ
ǰǰδСƵӦ͡
򫋺Ȼͣ½Ųδñӣֵͷһֱײϣ˿ı͸һ˿еۣⶼȲ򫋵Ļ
´Σǵҡ
ǴӺɹɵiתֵ
δժñҪţСЦѽԺиоƣ϶㣬ָ𣬸Ǻ
ֻûԴһֻůǰͷ¡
Ƽ䣬ӵǰĸо˳Ƥ·չļ⡣
̧ͷƯˮ۾İͫĿԡ
δԼ޹İֵ
ˡ

δ㣬ôˣ̫ҪҪͿҩʰһȦδԺ񣬸Ͻǰȥġ
ԼôûδԼһλˡ
ϾδԱв죬ԼͿʤһУɸߵôõûĻ档
ָʱδʱĺãֻС
û¡δشļ٣ߵĿѣϢͺˡ
ɣδϴּ䣬ˮϵȳŻ
ôȻ򫋲˼¶̫ѧˣ֮ǰ˻ֻѹϵ
δ̧ۿžŮˣմȾŵˮһҲգȴⷢ
Ҫ֪뷨᲻֡
Դ㣬ǰһжûа취ܺõȥ
˰ȥ籾뷨Ҳûð¶Ҽ⣬ϱһһȦ

 56 

ⲿӰδϷݹ, æµɹϾȥ˼¡
ɻδϴ΢ƬҲǰӣżϢʱ򫋶ռ, δ뻹ֹסЦ
˵ǳʵ뿪Ҳֻ, ѾͶԷ̶Э飬ٶ֮˾档
⣬ԻϰС˼, ǶԷҪ̸, ϰƫҪԼȥҶԷ̸, ̵Ȼ˳
ʱֹһΣδӭһĻϷ
վϣЦŸֵ, ǵǸˣЦޡ
һһظ߱ˣڳÿһ˶˺İ˵, ûһ޹ġ
һԾ, ˮļ, ΧľԮӽ, ˮѰ˺һûҵ, ķ, ݵļžԺӭ໥ָ
ǱǸ߸ϵĹڣȴδ뵽ԼҲһǣ, ׷ָű˵Ĵ, 
Ҳˮðһͷ, ˮСһ֨֨ĹЦ

δջȥһ죬ߴ绰˹
ˣƬгű˼ϷҪġ
δͨiֽ¡
һֱҹ˾ϯϷݲ࣬ӾãҪȫɾ²
Ϸݲ࣬ͽˣδŴϵ֪ΪduץδƫݵԱ΢΢ü
ȻҲҲʵѡ
ϵ֪ëԼҪϷݲҿȥʹһ¡
λȻСôµҵģԾԾԵؿ
İְһӣ֡
ȻСȵ͵һԼŮֻǰһ˾˵ĻҲ԰
δֻΪİְֲ˼ô˶ȥϷϾļȻУ˵ѾصأûİְĵҲܾ˸硣
İְۿתƣòʵߵôϷҲǲУʶܲö˭
۳˼СŮ˶ټʾʵѡǰ
ǳգգۣЦЦ˵ְ˵𣿡
Ȼ򣺡Ҳ԰˲
󣺡ҾÿԣǱɫݳ
Ҫܿôѵδ룺
̵һнԸΥİְ֣
һһ˳򫋳ݵĺô
һأǰʱѾ˺ܶ๤δ
ǳ˼͸ͿԼö򫋶ԺҪΪ򻳰£ǳһֱԼȻˣڸ鷽ԾһϵСס
ϸ۲ģ˸򻳰ͬδôõѣҲûļҪһЩҵϵ档
ԼԶʱ˲٣ƽʱûȥʹԷǳ˶ӴӴʵĻһԣеĻҲֿ޵ĽӴʵǿļ
ֲǷɡǳ𰲸ԼãʲôȷЩղ
δע˲ôˣ
İְûغһ򻳰̯˵ҪȢ˭һȥ˺üҽԺβ򻳰ǿʼв
˵Ķ򫋡
δüͷݺ
һ߲䣺ȻǲҪѹ˾򫋲˵򻳰ȻΪ¼ǺˣЩε鷳
ֻ򻳰ɡǳ̲˵ȻƶǶҫ
δͳ
ǳһۣ˵ҵ·һֱȻǱ󣬵һλ̶
֪飬򻳰ʱΪλͬĸĵܵܣô΢ؿԼȫȥ
ҵļҳĬرͱ̸¡
˸Ƿ֣Ҽѹ򻳰Ϊ㣬ȴδκν˸ʦ̵򻳰ֲƽܳΪֻǿۣһҲûˡ
֪𣿡δʽ㡣
ǳͷ򫋺ܴ֪񣬲ҪҪʱ䡣
̾һʵȫԲôӦ
һֱ𣿡
ǼλҵĴж˵û£δҲҪ򻳰ڣɻŵǵû䡣
ҪȻϢʡ
Ҳǹѡ
˵Լδ˶и
.
ļ˵ҼͻȻؼңӵȥ˾ϰࡣ
ʵ˵ҵҵĲмʵĻ̣ӵеҵ֪ΪʼˣʼնĿ
򸸻˵򫋽˾æ԰򫋹˾ĹһЩˣ˵һɵˡ
ǰ򫋿ܻύЩˣˡ
ںˡ
·ԾһλѧСӤȼ˽п˼
ܾ򸸵飬򻳰ڹ˾鷳
򻳰Ϊ£ĵĵӾҲˣ򫋻˵ǲӾŮһݵģڻҲ֪Ҫõʱġ
˽ԱҵԽ֪࣬ĶҲ
򸸹˾ĺܶɶϵݣеɶ򻳰ľ˾ˣЩһⶼվ򻳰ߣһĳ鷳
Ѿܶûδϵˣ뵽Ľʢ˼֡
㿪ֻϴιԼֻδĵƬȫúõشֻƭԷ˵ԼѾɾˡ
Ƭϵ˲ʲôﶼ
ıݣй۲.jpg
Сè¶ԴƵ۾žͷһ룬ѹѹ֪ôĴǡ
򫋣ݣæˣ
δݣ԰Ѿöˣ绰ҳԷȲ㡣
򫋣ݣҵĴе顣
֪ʲôԭ򫋲δ飬΢Ŀ
򫋲ںκ˵ĿΨδ롣
˾˽Щ⣬δҲͬĿ⿴
ǲһġ
򫋽Ļһµ뷨ûУרĵȻϢ
רעԺ󣬷ϽƵسУȻʧȻٳʧ
ӲǱôһ仯סֱĻɹֳһ֡
ıݣ˵顣
һ䣬ѩ˪չסѪҺס˼ά
֪ˡ
֮ǰеĽһ̶ƯˣʱõůҲһ㡣
ϵıŤľδ˲һ
⻹ûάֹ롣
δֻ˺ü¡
ıݣǲɵʲôʲô
ıݣҸ˵ɣȥܾϲҲҪ̣˺֮ദҪзִ硣
ôһ־òʣҲûгء
ıݣⲻĴУмҪæ
شأ︴գҲˡ

 57 

ֻĻ, δһ飬һǿĲɣÿʮҾҪһֻ
ؼ, Լ񲻶δ΢̾һ, ﵱ飬Ҳûһҳʲôݶûڴ¡
ոһҧӰϢ৷Ժ, ֻɽ, ϵضڲ輸һͷ, Լƿһһߣõһ鿴
Ϊӱ򫋵Ϣ
˼ʽг߶ȣһƿһ˵飬ȫԼ˵
򫋻ôظ, ᲻ں
Ϣһʱ䣬δ˼ǧذתֻϢ
Ϊ, Ϊ򫋿յȡ
򫋣ݣá
򫋣ݣҶġ
δ룺
ƯĴѹסĻ, ˵Ȫɾö
򫋵жǿ, 򸸵յӲɵϢ
ڸλüͷ, һ˿, ľ˽Ӿǳ, Է˾Ļˣô׾ٵط
ʱ˿, ȫԼѹûҪ򫋷Ȩ뷨, ˾ҲΪ˰򫋵Ĺ˾
򻳰ҲֳĻʢ, ˤ뿪
߳ţֻ𣬿ʾʱ
ιԷûС
뜏绰ͷһİϤĹػʧˡ
ѹ۽ͻǿĵɬҪⲿϷ𣿡
򻳰ǰҲǸ˵Ǽڵ⣬ǸҪҼҵĶұø֮ǰס˾£ﻹܳʱȥϷԣҲԣ֪㶮£æӣҴȥ档
뜏ţӽ͹ը˼£ĬĬһʱ侹Ȼ벻Լ绰ĳԡ
׼һ̨ʣȴоãȻ֪ضԲԡ
绰뜏ľչô˵˵²ݲΥԼⰡ
뜏žżΪĵӣۿ𽥺Ứǿû£Һ͵˵ɡ
һ˵˾֪򻳰ǼҪݡ
ԭͶţŭɶʲô˼ǲ֪ͨ͹û㻹ҵڣûķ˿Ϊ˺㣬أÿ罻ƽ̨ϴԻ߷˿ѹҴյ˶ٿ㣬ǷֵĶСģӶУҵʱӻ򻳰Բзᡣ
Ȼ򻳰ҲûˣУʱ䳤ˣ˿ǴҲˣܽܵҲѾѷˣ΢ܸɸɾˣȻԽ˫ˣֱǩһװ磬ĵǵһιͬݵһ磬ҲˣӶ˺öݣսһܣ˵Ҫ˳ⲻˣ𣿡
´ȥôȥ𣿻ô𣿜һһӵײƴģۺҥܴЩԵ˺򻳰ӵ۵ĻڣأûԺԴˮ
뜏ɳϣ˫ۻסϥǣγһұܵҪûһпʵѡ
»˵ǹͬ뜏Ȧһ񣬺ȫеˡ
籾ͬ򻳰֪ܺõԴǰֻԹԵһ籾˵ҪһӫĻcp
˵ԼϷȴֱӵڻ˵ҪϷҪ㲻ҿ϶Ầ㣬ȵӾ粥ûٲˡ
뜏Ĭ򻳰Ĭϣڶǩ˺ͬҲ֪¾ѹ¡
ֻﰲοԼû£ᣬҺһϷҲԼе©ѾоԼ򻳰֮ദһ⣬Ҳ
˭ϣһܶԷҪݣͬϵΥԼ˵ֻһСǮ죬¿Ǵ΢ͬ顣
ߵ£Ҳû㹻ǿô񣬷·Ǳ򻳰
Ҳ֪ôˡˮк뜏ѹסı롣
ôˣ˶֪ˣ򻳰ĿУԶûмҵҪ
ԸΪ˰鵱˻ө꣬ԸܶŬԼҵ飬ƽѹƽ⡣

򻳰ݵϢʱûΪѹŻ˲Ǯ۶ݺݶĻйˡ
䜏
ôõŮ򻳰ȴһҲֵϧ
߽칫ң뜏£ŻʱȲСϢڹǰȷͷȥ¡
ŵ˵㱻ְˡ
رϳ칫ң˫ãȻ֪ʲô¡
ԭǰʱְ۵һҸõĹ˾ԭΪ¸ˣǲûþͱˡ
ʰԼ֮ʱ˿ʼС˽
ߣЩԱҲ¿Է̸Сǡ
ܿɻСˣ˭֪׷С㡣
ɲžǿ۸۵ĽתܣԼװվñ˶
Ҳ̫˰ɣҲʲô£Ȼֱñ˴ְ
꣬ɱ˵ˣ֮ǰҲйϵ
˭֪˵Լر𿴲ŻűŮ˿ˡ
С㡭
СԹб˵ίҲѹͷĲ졣
޺޵ش΢λ˽ĹأְȨǰ˾ͷdissһ顣
.
֪δ򫋴ҵ̶קļÿĲԲͬ
ԭЩӦңϸһȥܣ̽û뵽Ļô˵İ
δϢȳƣƳµľ裬ȻʧЦҲҿҴ׹ˡ
򫋣ôҲᱻӵģĺܣԼĹ˾ҲԸУѹûܳ򫋵ҵ
һӻԼ̫õĲֻܱܲ׻
ҲǲϣҵµϲˣѾ˾裬ǳ𿴷ͬǱ򻳰Σյˡ
ѹʲôںһԼһǻȥٱˮջôļҲһһ
֪ϵã˵ҲԸæˮ룬ͷ׷뿪δĹ̫ˡ
𣿡δԴǳɫϣϸ׾Ƥ͸ΣпϵԼΪںԻΪΪż

⻰ôô˵ϲ򫋡
ҲǣѣҲ
δļڼǰһóԼ˼׾ŵݼǰԶɢ
Ҫܿ⣬Ȼͣ½ŲŸԼȦʼ˫΢ȴȫӲŸԼĸ磬üЦЦ
磬ҿôһϲ

 58 

, ϢȻΪ˺ܾã, ûĴںʿ
δգգۣƺЩûϵķӦ֮
Ƭ, ﲻסﻰδ룬ڻСȱ̸ѡ
硣δǳЦ, ˶ȡˮ, šһݸ, ̫ԶˣһҪӰġ
һҲԼķӦȷЩͷʵδһϲǶٵ㡣
˵, ڶļҡ
ļҳĺ̵֪ƣİְֺȴ̫
ʾһӭİְҲѵڼҰڳ׵, Լ򫋳
ǳԼ, Լ²˵, һƺϡ
֪Ǵδæʱ, İְֺһ, 轿˵Լ߻˱, ת򫋵л
ڶ죬˾һ顣
ȥ, Ƴ˳Ļ, Ҫȥһ·ϼ룺򫋵ľͷ, ҲҪúĥһ£ȥԺȥˣúù˵
򫋵ͷ
δ뿴Ψȥйĸεس򦣬еЦ
Ȼı֣ļÿ˰ķʽһȺޱ۰ҲİְֱĹذҲǳůĹػСչ顣
ǶԼˤͷȴûֻС̽ѯţ޻Ĺδֻܸ
һ·϶˲ٶ뿪ˡ
ֺ֡
δ뿴϶΢飬üʼЦһ㣬ȽϹҡ
ϵı󣺡Ϊʲôȫ̶ҲҪû´㱳籾
δ޺زëҲ֪
ɻĸĻϲδ뺰æһʹˡ
Լĸй¶̫ԣΪҪĶֻӲҧסˡ
ڲԼС˼ʱ򫋶ҲЩ½ڶⲻͬļϡ
ʱһ±̫ŹŲֳֳַĺ壬ֻϧ˳˼
ɽǵؿǰһԾ籾ˣͷȹϵϣγר˵æС֮ǲ
һˣɴֳ︡ļ䣬ӹʱ䵭Ŀ⣬Լõ̫Ĳʱ
.
ݣߴδġԱĿӣδ̸͵͵ָĿϵ򫋣δ룬ǸĳݷѰ
δ룺ѵġ
Ȼ巢ʲôߴȷ̫Ķ籾󣬻ǴӦġ
ûݹϷȥĵԴ˴Ķ޲ݣδ϶ģڷɻϼ򵥵غ˵˵籾ǰֽץʱ˵
ˮߴںӰʦ٩ǡû
֮ǰ˵δ򫋹ϵԲһ㣬ʱң˵ô濴۵ʱ𣿡ߴ
Ӱʦͷɲʱ㿴δһĻϷʱİ²ӰŮˡ
ߴЦˡ
鸴ӵؿ򫋺δ룬˽ȳ˧ƯˣʱһСϣСһһ۾籾˿Ҳܽ
ĨһԺҲΪԼĸѧоˡ
ѧʲôãֲסϹ
.
򻳰ڽϵĹ򸸱׳꣬ν򫋵£Ӳͷ˵ҪȦͷ򻳰˹˾
Ҳ˻úö򻳰ˮûţͬʱһС˼Զ½ŮѲ⣬뜏뿪ǼҶá
򻳰֪ܿѾ뿪˾Ծס˵µˣ˵𣿡
ȥֱǲ˼飬򻳰ʹ򫋣򫋣򫋵Ĵ򸸵۵㣬ͬʱҲҪԼһУƻõĵˡ
ģǰ뿪˹˾Ѿȥ˸С
ȥʲô򻳰ŵѯʡ
˵Ǹδйء򻳰˵µ˺˵ʵҲ
δ룡򻳰üͷһ𣬴Ҳһ顣
ʵ벻ͨΪʲôоδ֣ĳű賰ŪĴڷ·ֻ
Ҫ˾𣿡򻳰ͷʣ򫋻׷ҵĹ˾
Ϣʵ򻳰ϵһ㣬˵ҲֱףҪ£ԼĹ˾չǰ;ҪãûҪίԼ
򻳰
򻳰һʱ䲻֪ԼŬʲôˡ
Ů죬¸
Ҿ϶Ҫ뿪򻳰ܲϲ򫋣Ȼ̬ȥĦ뷨ҲԽΪˣ˵뿪δйϵļ˵ҵҵѾжϣҪǽļҺΪڲҲǲܡ
뜏Ҫ߶߶ԹѶʧˣܵ˵꣬ʱƽ͸һ˿ˣϷۡ
ô𣿡򻳰ȥԼŮѣǲԱϲá
뜏Ĭ˻ᣬСʣҪ治ȥ˾ˣҪϷ𣿵ݻûҵʵѡ
򻳰һԥ˵Щδ潻棬ΪδѾȥӴ˹˾ҵҪ˦뿪ΪΪѣҲȥҰ߻ҪңҲ֪򫋻᲻ұһʧ׼
ֻͷˢˢĬ뜏ŷЦһǶôѵһ£һгصѹһʯͷ
򻳰ֿٵ˵˼û뜏
.
򫋴߻أδſ˯ˣһ·վںܽλô˯
Ϊ˯𵭵ķۣ첲ֱѹĵط¶һۣϸ΢ĺ򫋺ƽȡ
սһ㣬ָϸգᴥ룬ް壬̵ľ̰һࡣ
˵ʲôʱδпԽǵߣ޷ֿδκξĶľ˻ʧ䡣
ƿһеĸоǿµģδ롭
۾дᡣ
ԡ
δë˯죬ʱʶЦЦʣôѽ
򫋵͵͵ЦЦձãָȦסĦǰһָͣĴС
ʲôʱʼġ
żȰѾ籾ʵ౾ɫݾСرԱ𣿡
ӦС򫋲ȷػش
δգգۣ԰Ȼ޿ɵ̬ҾУֻһǽŵĴϰѡ
΢ɣһ㲻ˣΪ˸˴һأʧˣպҲ̫Ρ
δ룺Ҳô档
ڶʽģߴﶢžͷϾԤ𡣡
Ȼǰŵ֪ɫϷݵ򫋣ǰ˾þ˵ʵǾͷˣôҲ벻Ϊʲô
ǾŮǽǳԸݣҪѵֻߴ΢Цʵ˵Ϊˮ
ݣ
λԼҹ˾ܲü򫋱ɫݳ²ܺܺõذѿؾͷ̬ԺϽɫ
ߴ˵ݻְ˱ΣĹͷؿһ֣һ֣ݿʼۡ
˵ҪҪһ޵ĸߣܲðʵǶкøУ߼Ҳ˳ˣҲԽԷΪʲôִŮ
ܻŮ
ҾòᣬֻǼ򵥵һ£ҵλԶھɹ˾ͬ£Ƿⲿʵ壬
԰Ҿüһ㻹͹Ůǵ˸
һһߴﰾҹ˵ƬޣδڶһյҪһݵ֪ͨ
򵥵ķһݣ𽥵Ķʼ죬ָ߬籾أβɨ漸顣
ҵĸϷҲйˡ
ֻΪڶ򫋡

 59 

ʵ˵, ߴ֪ͨδʱûаᣬһ֪ĺľ籾ãδλԱ, Ժ϶ͬ⣬򫋹ϵһ, ˵ס
ʵȷˣδڽ΢ԺѾͣפ򫋷ǰ
̧, ˼, ͷմˮ, ԡ۵˳ǰ
δʹԼȥһڶԷϡ
ûʲôûرܵģЩϲԷԼϲôˡ
δ, ǿԽֱ׳߽˵Ҫ΢һϷ¡
͵ĺϸҪӵϷݲ˵
Ҳͷ, ˮ黺˳˿, ˰, ˾ٵܽ᣺ҪһҵĸϷ
δ룺
˵»صͷ
Ҫˡ
δ򫋴۵С, ֪ԼҲһ糺졣
Ļ, ԡ
仰ը.Ƶӡ
ôˬʹӦ˰, ѲϲңδΪμͷ΢΢ǰ, ͼǷһѹ, ȴ
򫋵ĿƽȴͣĿⶢеʧ, ŵЦĳڷ
ǰ
.
ȥĵӰ֪˲٣򻳰ĺѶﳰЦ򫋣Ȼλոջص˾үǰҲԱ
򻳰򫋵ĵȻɣǵĻÿɷ
ͬߵ뜏м̹ȻЩԱĻ޶Եθһʹ
Ժ뜏˵ûҲԱǸոҲڰҡ
ˣǾǸһ򫋣ҲԱΪԼҵӶҪѺӶҾˡ
뜏ͷֱҪֿʱ˵򻳰Ǹ˴һʱ侲һ°ɡ
򻳰΢΢һ㶡
뜏ıƽҲҪ˼ǲʺϱ˴˵ˡ
ʲôˣ򻳰ס뜏򻳰ֻ˷ŭԻ뜏ʧشߡ
򻳰öϵ뜏뜏»ص飬Ϊ˾ʱûֻһϵ뜏ߵˣɶԷȴϢʧˡ
ô⣬ֻΪ뜏СŤȻܶ춼Ѷʱ򻳰żϵݣǵ֪뜏ϢȻҪӵ绰ȴܾˡ
򻳰겻Ҫ뿪˾ȴֱֹˡ
뿪һҲ˾
Թ˵־֣ε̬ȣǾԲܵõˣ򸸻˵ĺأ򻳰û뿪
뿪ˣ̽˾ļ̳Ȩתø򫋡Ȼ֮һȥвһӡ
򻳰òʱһ߳򻳰Ҳָ侲ȷ뜏֮⣬ûǵ뜏Զһˡ
ЩӸ罻ƽ̨Ҳ洦ɼ¾һ˿Ϊʲô˵õ´һȴˣ뜏ݡ
ʶԼԶŶ뜏˶˺
򻳰ΣڽͷĹȶųȥ뜏뜏ûٽĹ򻳰ΪΪյķ粨ʱ˾ˣǴҴҸϹȥΪ
ȻȻ෴
뜏Ҳ޷֧ԼѵӾȥ˴ΥԼʱϵ˲١
뜏ܸмԼҲܸо⣬ϲ˻򻳰ڶ򻳰Щʧ
ֻҪûȷı¶Լ뷨Ҳװ֪İвȴĺܿͻ
ϲֲĴͷβûбʾҲϲֻǽĺѡ
Ǹ뷨򻳰׷᲻Ȼ˵ĹϵҲǰ֡
򻳰ȷʾõĵͷˡ
򻳰˪ض˵ڵĻͱˣܣҵŮѣעִ硣
󵭶ѾܳʱûгǰˣһֱΪѾˡ˵
Ŀֱ򻳰Цһ
˵ܲͬС㽻߼ûбҲûжž
򻳰ɫ࣬˫߬ȭ
ܵ뿪뜏ǰûˣͳһֽݸ򻳰ȴץס󣬺ݺݵק֪㲻⣬㻹ӽ㡣
뜏Ŭ˵ƾʲôô˵֪ô˵ҵĹϵʱ䶼ߣҺֻѣܲܲҪ
ѣѣ¹չѣִⱣȫѣǰ˵㵱ÿҾ;òԾˣ˵ǳΪ㣡һû𣿡
ô뜏С˼һ˲ת¶򻳰׽ʱԡ
һ뷨û𣿡
ֹ򻳰һô룬Ҳ㡣
Ǯʱ뜏ߣľ˶޵˼䣬Χ˶׷
һЩѶϢѶп˵˾뜏ãЩ»öǮȥѹŮ
뜏һֱĬߣҲӦö˼Ŷԡ
ΪԼ򻳰ȥ黹һû򻳰뜏ѵʱŲʣ߶ȹģοһһ𣬶ԼôȦˣӲȱͬ⡣
ͷβ뜏ʲô뷨
.
˵˸ϷΪ˲صƫƣϷҲֻͣЦŭĽ׶Ρ
ʱ䲹ϷݣδԼһȥɽ
򫋳ɵ˵Ĵ˵ҲҪѡ籾
ţʲôδ˫͸¶ã
򫋶˶٣Ĵ˵ⲿϷҪµľ籾㣬ȥ
δ룺
ҪЦˣΣҪֹǵģȴû˵ĵרм
Ƴһ۱Լ߳һԴˣԿ΢΢ۣôĳɡ
۲ת貵Է촽ҪȥǸȥɽ
ʱ򫋱Ƴ㣬򻨵ζϧûʼδ㳷룬ڲԶЦЦؿľ
ȴ˵һջˣ򫋱Ͷδ޵ֿްɤƣҸȥɽ
ڶ컹û೵ɽ£δβ裬˴ˬ򫋺΢ʹԼƿߡ
ôȥ
ţδɿֻش𣺡ȥܸܲϿճܶ˵濴ճɽҲһۣ˵Ը顣
Ը顣΢΢̧ͷŰգɦ
յͷδ벻֪ʱֻֻͣһȭľ룬Цӯӯ
ʲôԸ𣿡

 60 

Ůʿڴ˰һԢ, ֪Զȹڣ輸ϰڷһϳȥʳ
˰Ȼֻڸڵİԡ
ڰзִ磬ר½δ¡
ݣһҷϢ, ʵʲô
½ݣ
ҪڣҲһ˷
ݣϼҲc, 绰cЩĵط
ݣƷƷúƷƷδĶŰǿɶǹħȻcЩĵط
ݣֱҪ˳ȥ棬һԷ, ϣһʧ, һЩõĻ䡣
ݣһ, δʱڸʲô˵ԼĸߴϷǰʱҿ϶xΪduץֳӰܴ, Ҳ˸ߴӰһɫⲿҪġ
ݣҲ£δһȥľǴ涡xԱ, ֪˭
½ݣһ˾Ѿѹºʱ, 
ݣһ
½ݣ֪, ߴǱѸƲϵ, ѵӰӳһ, һӳپʹ¸µĵӰ, һҲմ
ݣߴ㲻УǰҵƬ, ˻ҵʱԱ, ƬҲˣ˻ĵԼǰĹë, ȫƷ
ݣ´εδ룬ȦһЩԶ㡣
ݣˣ˵Ҳ
½ݣôȷˣ
ݣǵȻҸƼһɫкϻ˺ԸƣΧ鲼ԵˣƷƷúƷƷ
ԶɽϵδȻ֪Ѿĵ׿ˡ
ȥʱûѡ³ɽʱδ붼Щ򫋻ɺƽȣӿ
δܲ᲻óֹԼֻԼìܡ
򫋶ĸҲǲһģһʣδϸ룬ȴ򫋴δпߵ¡
Ŀ뵭ĮƺѾ̽ӿ̽꣬żзĸּңδһαװûУĵ׷ͬҪԼϲˡ
һֻΪԼҰޣϰѹе£δҲˣǲϲ̫ϲ̫⣬ԲŲϰȫԼ¶
δ뷴һ˿ᶼûС
Ϊȷ
δ΢գᣬһֻ֣Ҫȥ𣿡
δ˵ĥƽ˲٣ǽԺǿˣץס©ҹ΢΢һ飬ҲѸٴȥץסݳ֡
ȷԼҲݼȻŵ׷ûȴӲҪĥߣҪ򫋶Լĵߵ
ɽ۰ϲȥˣҪȻЪᡣ
ԶˣһСξȥˣټһᡣСһȰɬ
δÿһСξҪԹһɽԼ򫋾ͻܿطû˵쵽ˡ
ðһӻˮԼôô
һξ룬ͣ
ˣҲˣȶˣƭңɽԶ
ǹģһ㣬ͻᷢ˵۵˺Ƶֻ΢΢ߣʪԼԹֻǱζ
Ҳ¼գһҪСʱԺҲƣ룬οδÿ϶Ŷ壬ôô׺ۡ
ֻǱɱ˫ۺġ
ѹɤұȥ
δͫ΢΢ŴƺҲδϵѡ
һֻСۣһ·δҲܵȵҪԼڻһ㡣
߻ִֵͣԼϣеķƺֹȣδ뿴ԼСۣ㱾ð˺
һһΡѻɬ˵һȡ
ȥʱѾճ˿ճĺûᡣ
Ѿֿһ۵ľ룬ȥۣ۵ıǹ˺ԸƵĴ
ŵСʿһߺҪҪд
δЦЦصͷ״ʣС𣿡
Ϊ·û˵һƣѧݳַʽ˵Ļܺ
Сʿһ£һǰŮʱȻʦ㣬ҲѧһżҪǲ⣬ҲѰǿһ
ûʲôˣСʿҲһһԼ
Ҫʲô
ּɡСʿЦЦ˵
δ̧򦣬īЦе򫋣ʲôѽ
򫋸ӵδ֪ʲôǲ֪
ɲ֪֪򫋶ص֪ԼѾӿԵϲá
˸ˣδҲϲ
֪Լ
δܰص𰸣ֱǰ˿ʼ񣬲קק°ڣ벻㣿
˺΢΢üĴ𰸣ɳɤ롣
˵֣Сʿһһ˵İֻ䣬ֻΪз˶⶿Ҫһ·ϰ̣ŮʿԸǡÿƱ
ҲǳѧߣĿ̫ܲ׼ҪǲĻٿ𡭡
üҪܾδȴժīͿ֣ЦеؿСʿ
С𣿡
Сʿ
Ȼ촽۾һתʵؿ
δ򫋣
Ҳǵʲô
Сʿ۵һʹ֣Ĳ׼δ㲻Ҫ˭û
δ룺
ҵԼķ˿
ʯͷԼĽš
īְСʿˣǲˡ
Сʿ۰Ͱ͵سǣǾ͵Ҹոں˵ҪȻԸҲˣǹҵġ
δ뷢ԼСʿ˿۰Ͱ͵سԼȴ𰸣һŵķ˿һҪִȥˡ
΢΢̾һժīƯ۾¶Ǹ⡣
ڱ󣬿δ¶ϸ׺󾱣þû
ϲǣôĿѾ򫋡
СʿжݣίͰ͵ذԸƵݸǣδġ
δûܾüллѽС
С΢ϸΧţҲԹȴ޵ؿ򫋣Ҫҳõĵط
Ժһ˵ϢûҲ֪ĸսðСǡ
СʿðݣλдԸƣȻ˲ͬĵط
δŹҺӣվе㲻һᣬˤʱǰһӰӹ˲֪ôͳַסδܷĵһְֻסļһֲֻŪԼȥԸơ
Ӳ濴δͷ˵һʲôЦ÷⿪ġ
δվڸߴˣô죿С˵֮ϡ
΢΢ȻС滹˵ѧղ
δֻһ룬Ц۵Ҳá

 61 

δڹʱ, 򻳰뜏֮䷢˺ܴ¡
˶Ŀˣ£Ȼĵ򻳰뜏ɢһĻ
ʱҪֵֵķз
򻳰뜏عʱ, ˵ҵ⵽һĴȻҪcpǹ̶Ƿʱ, ְ򻳰˻ȥ
ϵԽƴ뜏һ죬Ҳûп򻳰վ͡
򻳰߰, Ҳڵ뜏ϴ, ˹ִͷţҲ
򻳰ķ˿һЩ, Ůѷۺŷʱѷתڵķ˿ԭ˻᳤öķ˿Ҳࡣ
ǵʱһֱƭĸо, δ׷ԼżʱʿȥжԷжôĲ䣬ƺȫ뜏Ī͹ˡ
вȱ򻳰Ŷӵ, ǵķ˿Ѿ˲Ծ, ΪԼϲԵĶĸ޷ǶԴ¡
ʣµ˶ǿ, 򻳰뜏ֵ, ҥһ, 򻳰ķ˿ѹʤй뜏ķ˿
˼, ֹ˾ܷͨѶͦ뜏ϣڽúù, ҵõˡ
ǶǵĻѹʵ˷ֵϢ
뜏ŵش绰ȥ
󲻽⣺, 򻳰ֵôϲɵʱҲûվΪ˵
뜏侲˵ҲҺ֮, ˲ܲ֡
ĬƬ̵ϲ㣬һᡭ
硣뜏һֻüģۿ΢죺ҺܸмͣǶԲϲ򻳰
ʹࣺ֮ǰߣ۵ʱҲûоܾҡ
Ϊ޷ֱӾܾ㡣뜏䣬ƭԼƵļᶨ֪˼ҾԲҵκκô
ǰʱ䣬뜏յЦݣڴҲֲ뜏Цˡ
ʹ˵Ϊ㣬Ϊܹ׷㡣
뜏ܣҴͷβûб¶ϲ뷨㲻Ҫô˵ˣѾš
бˣϷŪĲʣҲбĮӱ˦ܣ뜏ﻰҪϵĿܡ
뜏ͨյ򻳰ĵ绰Ҫڽͣ绰һͷ򻳰Ѿס
뜏İǲҪҷˣԲŸôһϺҪҴñӣ
뜏ʮãȻַ֪ʲô򻳰׵㣬ÿοڽ־ͱ򻳰شϡ
УãԸǷְɡ
ֻҶϣ뜏ŻͲＱٵί
㿪ֻ׷ʲô¡
һ֪Ĺںŷһƪ¡ܷʷ
ԹȺھͶңɼ˺Ȧĺڰǿҵĺģƪ·СʱѾ뜏ȥݣɫɷס
дµǼ򵥵һȦ켣Ӳ֪ȺݵСɱӾǣһǣԴȻߵʱǴαĻᡣ
߱ʷһתдҲᵽǰޣǳĲֺ٣īϣƪ˲ɢ˼ͥС
֪ϲԼţкӣ뜏֪ᷢʲô޼ɵؽܶԷĺãȥԼԴԼûϵ
УҲҪġ
ǲ󷢵ģΪ˱
뜏ֵ侲ǣͻᷢƪ¶ڹ󣬹ǳ
.
ɽʱ³ȥδ֮΢䡣
δֱڱĴϣɢ˵Ǿ仰Ժ󣬷򫋺ڳŷ˵ϲ밮ȻǱʲôһ£ʹһͬǳȵģȵĸҲӼ
ͲֱӶ˵ϲˡ
ıе㲻֪롣
ɻҹģ˵ðһԷ˸˼ص˷䡣
δ뿴ֻİѯʣǵʺɻشϡ
Сһ磬δʰ߳䣬Ѿ档
ӭȥھ򫋻̨֮ʱδͣ½Ųȵȡ
ͣԭأ̧ѯʡ
δ߹ǳǳЦҹȻҪ֪ϵĴ𰸣ɲٱܿˡ
£в׵㺷ӵǱصһࡣ
δ뼸Ƿһɨεģģںʲô
վڰ׵¥ϣ߼ƽһûбܿδߣȹ̵İҲ̻¶
ؿˣδ룬ұĻҪ׾ӡ
ǰһ̧δգָᣬһ͡
΢һ鷢Ƥ򫋵ָ䣬ĺܽδ򫋵۾￴ԼӰӡ
ģ红ͯѯʣ׾ӣΪʲôô˵
Σյգܲ򫋳صĺֻʣͬˣִ׷𰸡
򫋿ƲסؼӴָ΢΢صزδգǳǳĺ۵ʧδֳ֮ץġ
۾˸ǣĺǶЦݹϡ
Ǵݿ൹дй˿ܵزǰϣֿסδϸľȵ棬һ㡣
Ƕĵ̰ͶԼĸսʤԣɫŷ֣ضӵ㣬ҵĿ벻㡣
ûľһ뵽б˻ߣһἵʻ᲻ϲĻϲ㡣
ĸֵìĻ壬ħ
ڳ۾һ⣬ظһ飺ϲ㡣
˿ϳĴڣҲϲ㡣

 62 

۾, ͹ĸճˮܼԶ׼ģò¶ӿ
򫋷·ڷеİ, ٴһ̨ף֮ľ뼸ʧ
ȫδĲ, š
δס˼룬۽, ֱ۵Ҫ¡
Լӵϲ˰ɡ
ѹʹɫ, Ļ, ¶ģغǻϲˡ
ٿȻ䣬΢ķӶ߻һӰ, ϶һױصذס
˵İɡδǳЦ⣬˵, ҪԼ뷨˵
ůĻ̫ͻȻ, ⧲, ԶԴ˷Ӧ, ӵס, סļ, ޲óװԼĻ
㱼䣬һ, ãȻʯ׵, δʻ
ѪӶӡ
δҲԼЩۣЩɬ, ˫΢΢һ˵ľ룬̶ס򫋵ߣͫĿ׼ͫĿ
Ҳϲѽ
ķ˴Ϻ
Ҳûϲôࡣڳһֻ֣Ĵָʳָһ룬üǳЦԺÿϲһòãܿͿ׷ϵġ
һֱͷĵһ̳֧飬΢һ룬ȵĴȥӵס
.
δȵػصңͷֳ׽õı仯
ǳһΪ䣬òǲ̸ˡ
̹ȻˣǳʱֺǺǵؿʼ٩
δ뵭ЦԼ䣬һ·ü㣺㣬ϵϢѾ˰ɡ
ǳ΢΢ЦݣõԴ֪ģûǣҡ
֪δ뵱ȻҲ϶뜏籩ָס֣Цеʣ˵Щӵһҳģ뜏ĶԼңҲҲһ𹥻ǡõذѶ˺͡
ǳĵƤұȽϺơ
ǰҲô롣δЦЦطſ֣ЦݱýҫҷϢ˵иԲ۸ְ֡
ǳ̧Ƥõڿײ
δϵЦŨ˵Ϊǲʾã

ӺǳĶӣŻȺ㼱ٵشӷﻹ˸ŲڣƵסĸ첲
δô˵
ǳٴеĵܵܣ̳ɱɱľӢٶ۵Ҫڱ϶ӰԼϵ˵˳۲١
ûҪһеĴ㣬ǲЩ׷УǺȥ֣û뵽±ԶȦö
ǳֿĽǵɵܵܣЦδĵȷȷǶˣֱӵߵܵܣܻΪܲã򫋸йٲá
δ벻ȥ˺λںˣԲػصķʽмĻ壬λ¶ǳеֿ
δ룬ǰֻԵСŮмˡ
֪׽ԼһӪԤıôĽžҵˡ
δλͦĵģȥʱû̫ѣ֮ǰһȦ˻Ϊ¶ھͷ²ڣҲһ˾ĺġ
ɫ΢䣬ȷˣȥԱ£˿Ըıǵ뷨˸һ飬޷ƶԷ
ҲôһǴδĸġ
ϵĿ֮ܲǰǿңǳһ˵򫋻ͦ׵ģ֮ǰҲԸ¹ȥչδ롣
˳·˵ֱҲ׳ôôɺϣͲסƫĵΪԼֵôϲ
ҲɡǳЦЦûϣͦģҲ߰δˡ
ţӦû㿿סĵͬ
ǳĹδԹ֣ܰﵽδĵطȷ١

ʽȷϵδദʱԾٵĿ
δ˿ʱ䣬ҪΪǰʱģΪۣʼûûҹļӰࡣ
뿪Ľ׶Σ޿ײҪ빫˾ڲͨ
ⷽ󣬵Ϊֻǻļûҡ
ó򫋲ںҵڣҲû˱ھ
˵ˣʵ֪ϰ׷صϰṩϢϰ׷ɹ
ҲǲΪΪͳֳ֮ǰЩԱÿܿ򫋰칫յĵƻһ֪ƣĹҵԽԽ󣬳ΪһĹ˾
򫋻ص˾һ£ǸڿҿҵԼʱ֧Ź˾Ա˽
Űۣ㶵ʣϰ壬ʲôϲ𣿡
е󣬿һĹˡ
ʱˡ΢΢𴽡
ƾĻ۽𾦿϶˾̸ˡ
н˾˶ӰҲˣиɾˡ
˭Ǯȥ
֮ǰʱը.Ҳ򫋸ɴĲˣϵʧ
δҪһʱ䣬ɼ첻Ҳİְ˵Щʲôλӵ۵ҪδЩѺúҫҫ
̲ϸ׿ֻİְֲμӾۻᡣ
һԺǿͣδ͵ſ򫋴绰ﻰ۵ıԹһҲֲͬķʽһֱ׵ڵҲмܲס
صλҲ޷ٰĵǰĹħ
¸ݾҪȥϷˡδе㲻˵ûԱ£ֻҪ׼ȥһκ̺ɣؼƻҲˡ
㲻֮ǰҲ˼Ӱ𣿡
δҡҡͷ뵽ô˵ҿƬӣŮעֻܣϷݼڳ㡣
֮ǰݳĵĵӰϲ磬µǿܹûС
ҲáƵ˵ȡƷΧɴһ½
򫋵͵͵Цţ꽱϶㡣
Ц·ڶϱߣŪδе㷢ڵ䣬ôңҽʧ𣿡
ȻʧЦûа취Ůһֱ㡣
δ룺
ֱЦǰֲ꣺컬࣬
˾һᣬ򫋵˵
δ뿿ǽϣ˫İҹա
Ȼ̸ҵǰݳƷѾʼָͷ㻹ܸ졣
ס˵
԰δ϶Ĳ²⣺ܲμ佱ȥòá
ֻһͷжδ˷Ц
򫋵Ƶٶ𡪡
Ұ׼÷䡣
Ҫѩ⡣
÷ڱ
԰ҵַԿ׸𣿡
ţһȥ㡣

 63 

ͬ𽥲λ, 򻳰뜏ĸѾΣڵϦ
򻳰뜏ֻŭ벻ʣһֱһֻҪ뜏Ǹ, ԭ
뜏ҲԸθ飬׾ܾԺ, Ƶȥ
Ψʣãԭء
֪뜏Ѿ򻳰ˣ뜏Ϊʲôѡ
뜏ǾҴδϲǴ̼󣬶Ӵ̼Ϸз¡
ᵽΰ뜏, α΢ص̥, 뜏Ĺϵ, һδ治֪˭Ҳ뜏ûһ˿顣
ججعҲ˴ϵķԷ˾ԱҲζƺ˶ڳЦ
ǰһ̳, ЩĶĻΪû֪֮Ϊǵ֤ݡ
һε㿪£ϸ׼ĳŪ, 촭, ˭֪ϸ
Ժһ, նǳϡ
ץסʸ, ʹޱŷ
һֻܵ˺С
.
δ佱, Ƥ, ̧ߣ֪Ϊе㽹ꡣ
ʦ, Ҫȥ۲, һ𣿡һλİԱȻ
񣬹ֱȶֱӹҹ, ɲıȦ˼ɵҪύʶȻ١
Ҳȥˡδ벻ɫһ˵ľ룬¶Цݣº͵ؾܾˣһԼ˱ˡ
Աڲ۵׷˭ڨڨһЦۻȥ
ȹչ䣬ֻϵļߣŷʣĵ𣿡
ĵˡ⺰ץ˺յļԥҸոհƬ࣬һͨ
ʲô˼
ǲԷƬȥǻǵ鷳ġ
ôǵ鷳ˣûֻҪһƬȥͺˡ
ԷĥĥԥԱۣˣǲԸⷢͰƬҡ
ã˵ˣƬһëǮϵûԷԾõСµ˳ƺţԼժɾԺſϷƬ
ԱƵصһգŪСϴƬԱҴҸϻؾۻһ
ʦѾͱԼˣ첻һˡ
ϧϧϡ
Ա͵͵𴽣С˺ţкܶķ˿ƬѾȥˡ
δ뷢ϢϷɻصֻαСǱѾҹ
վһ󣬷ֵͷɫްѣ΢΢𴽣ŲߵԷڽ̧Ԥ۾컺֮ʣ㱻򫋿ġ
Ǹոˡ
ףô֪ңδʧܣϧЦ£޼׵򫋵ıϡ
ŵζ
ҵζδɫ΢죬ͷСᣬûζѽ
΢΢»Ĭʮָۡ
ţ㡣
δ룺
ղ仵˲١
ڿֻ黹ͦģǲǵ㹤ˣ
񵭵ǣһˡ
ˣ⻰˵ͨ˵˿ɲࡣ
δ۾ʼ䣬־ⲻԼյ磬ɰڶζʵܡ
ҲûͣһС£ȻѾˣûҪδͷ¡
ϳָʻϷУϸָָָԼҵģ
š򫋵ıɵϸᷢڽ£ȴ쳣Ϊһ
ڿòȥϷҪ
ҿھͲ𣿡
δõУһΧ
ʶţһ£ŷԼѹû龪һڵδǰÿһÿһ붼Ѱ
˵ԼġŪĲãȥˡ
򫋣δȻֱͦ壬
޴תǰٿȻҲһԴԽ»
Һϲ
ѡΧæ֮гԼŽ̳ѧϰ֯Χ⣬δϧһС
΢΢ͷڷ
صʱѾδϰԵóֻҪͼ˱һƽߣֻĻڵ
һֻҸҽ㷢Ϣ
ʶذֻݹȥ㿪Դְֽȥ롣
ա
δ΢΢һ٣е㻳Ǵѧô
հһ֣ϱһ磬ֻ򫋷ſ黹˵Ľţգգۣôˣ
ֻݵؿԼֻ
δû³򫋵ķӦʲôϵȡ
Ȼֹ
Ȼֽͬϵ
δ룬е㲻˼
ȡ
ûˡصͷȥȥ
δɴ࿴˼ֻĻƬûʲôʱĵģ͵ģ
ǣ򫋷δעУڳˡ̬
ǰҰʱĵġ
ĵĲѽʱôҡδ뻹ΪѿˣͷֿۣŷĵĲ
ֻŴñ˿š
.
δԼxȺ
Աλҷտ佱ֱﶼ֪δܣֻߺ̺ʱʺƨһӴλûߡ
ȻⷢһСűһλԱδĺգƬϿġ
΢һȺһȺǱˮӿ
muaģĿСɣҶûδ߼𣿡
ȻѪ涢ˣǶԷҲûʲôҲÿһ𰡣
ʮ׷ŮȻȦ·ƬȶȣʱһųֻѣƬλġ
Ҫ֪ڷ۵δӪҵ΢ˣŲм£ʹֻСֶεֻǸԱ
ֻܸżҲûа취ֹ
ʱ緢ּȺԺûôxˣ˽ô¡
ǸȦȴҪİ翪ʼԼǲ̫ˡ
ȺüԱ˽º˵x̫ƣ׷ǵˣǱԵס
ȻxŪǰԺ仰뿪
xݣ֪ˣ
xݣõġ
ЦˣΪ˵󻰣´Ҹɰˡ
ʮӺ󣬹Ⱥַ
ݣƬɾˣȶȻûܳ
ǲ̫һһէˣ
˿ܣǿǸ˻Ǹˣԭͼ˵ԼҪԹⷢǵƬ
Ҳ˵ǸţҲ̫Ͽ̫΢˰ɣػɱвˡ
ôҿˣ
Ҳ֣
˽Ŀɶxֻˡ
xݣѾˡ
xݣδˡ
磺
xģôģ
xչʾʲô˺ݻ
ԺxưͣҲѶԷ
ֵ̿ش֡
ݣxôŪģ
xݣ֪ҪȶҪصĴۡ
ݣ
xݣţԺǲôֱҡ
ݣۣлx
xݣӦģллάδ룬δϲǡ
磺
˵xδߵˣ

 64 

λСʱν, 󲿷ʱӤһһ
˵йδҲԸȫװһȥϰࡣ
򫋺iǳֻϧҲвδ롣
ǰδ鹥, Եߵ˵ʲôá
δ̹˵Լ̸ûʲô£ûҪڵ
Ҷ, ҲҪѭ򽥽һ߲׽Ӱ
˵˵ţiȻֹ
iޱڰǽ, Į
Բ, , ҲóȻδѶϢĴƼѹûС
ЩȻϳѪ⣬ҲһֱѭȦĹ򣬸οȦﻹһ֪¡
ԶҪΪ˱ըŶȨƵˡ
ϾſǣȨ˼ֻҪССĶֽ, ǵһгɹܵȻ޴棬ôԷĶ
ͼìܽ⿪δ룬ǱΪܱԱ
ףҸ
iף, ԼҲż١
ôһλ, Ϲһģһ
δ˿üiò, º򫋵Ц۸˵ʱδҲû
δ״̬෴뜏
򻳰, ̯, ڽɿǿ滤Ĩȥˡ
ʢġСҥ, һʱڶ࿴뜏ǾǷ׷侮ʯ
Ȧ˵ɾ˾Ʋ°ܻƻ˼ͥˡ
뜏ôܶһ֪, ֲʲôʳ˼伲С
ñǰŻƿƺŵδͿ򻳰
ºȥ˵뜏Ҳܺ, Ȼ򻳰뜏عٷ۵ֻᱻڳ
Ҫûè, 򻳰ôܸ뜏֡
뜏ԼĹԢΧߣ޺޵ضǽڣΪ򻳰ǰģ񱬳ֵϢ˳Ц򻳰յİο뻳
˭Ҳ̫ˣ򻳰ġ
ָܿ˵Ѫζ
»治򻳰ɵġ
򻳰֪ԺҲ𾪣֪ܿģŭĴ칫ң򸸡
򸸲ķļ΢΢ü۱򻳰ˤİ칫ǡ
ŹϣЦ
򻳰ҧгݵĹź򸸶š
򸸲ˡ
ǡ
֪ϲ
ǡ
ΪʲôҶԸѲ㻹ʵñӣ򻳰ĲԼδ档

ǰ˵ҪȥȦҲûֹ㣬ǲΪΪˣ򻳰ҵкܶ࣬㲻뱻ѹȥͰ˼ڹϣˣҪʲôŮûС
򸸵ĻСһ۵۵û򻳰࣬ЦŵģЦȴǲ̵ģ򻳰ڰ͵֮ѡ
СòĵߣҪ򻳰ھͿˡ
.
㡷δȥ򫋹Ԣӳˣ°࣬ͨСһ˵ӰƱ˿ֺͱ׻߽ӰԺ
ƽܰĸо򫋾ޱȣһδ븳ġ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һλ˹һڷլˮִӱ׻ͰץȻʳȫƸ򫋡
ҪԼģԼ˰
򫋣
аɡ
ӵӰԺ߳δȿһ򫋣ƬĵĻ治ÿ
򫋱̫˵΢΢ɬŤͷһ̹Ȼδ룬һʱԼ̫ˡ
δȫ֪Լ̼ѣֵƬδͷ䵽ţֿ֮ŷˣ򫋱˶һִ
ݵԾ͵سϷˡ
ߴδǰµ򫋻۵һ⣬û뵽򫋵ݻͦࡣ
򫋳࿡ɢˣ˳ᢵ̬
ӣҪ֪ÿС˭
˺ˣ԰꣬һ£Ϲ
ǣΪˢԱûܲõİ˭
пˣôÿ϶Ȧ
˵ʵڻδһʱ򣬾޵ˡ
ס.jpgҲ
߲ɷõߴߴЦЦȦˣδרȳģҲҪȥ̽Ϣڻ᲻ϷӦòˣֻǰæ
ɸߴԽ˵Խǵĺġ
ͨѺܿͰ˰ˣļҹ˾ĳֹ˺󣬰˵ĬĬɾԼ֮ǰŸʱܲõ΢׷Ҳ
֪ȥæȥһ鷳ĲֹǸߴǣļλ⹤ҲһͬĬ֮ǰϱӻλθļһŵģҪǲδҲ
춼û˰ǳ򫋵ݣϹ򫋵Ĳ²ԽԽࡣ
ʲôŹӣʲôҪƿˣԶúܡ
֪˭ģδʶһ⣬о򫋹˾Ա
һͬ߸ԼȥӰվڵӰԺŵӰϷֵ˳úϰŶ
ĿӰĻϿϤ˾˾Աʯ
ֵضŴĻ˭Ҳ벻ϰ徹ȻȥĵӰˡ
ȥͿ˸ߴĲɷãԱ
ϰϴγȥĵӰȥˡ
˵ϰȥ׷ˡ
ߴ˵ϰδȳġ

ԣϰϲ=δ룿
ڶ죬ͷؽĻص칫ңű˴˵ĺȦﱯݣԭ治Ρ
ǣԱǸͳһ̧Դ͵ϰװܵŮˡ
𺳲ѡ
֪ӦĽδ򫋣Ľ򫋵δ롣
˶ȥ̸ˣԱǻ㱻صλ
죬ǶûиĹ

 65 

65
عӵ±ԽԽ, δעӰʱῴǵһЩ⡣
һһɳʱ, 򫋷δ۾գҲգĶ
㿴ʲôأ
ÿδһЦ, ͷֿһϹµĻѪ˧ݣءһ
շ˲٣δķ˿Ⱥȴע˧羿˭
ǳ˧, δվһǷĻɲŮò
ߴֺ˵δľǣӰcpۺԥΪǺʼϲδķ˿Ƕ
Ǽϣδߣģ˿ȥҲ, ǻȻᳪ, Ǹ˻
΢ⷢĻ, ڷ˿Ⱥλʿȫ360̡
ԵȺͷһθܵʲôͷƤ, ߳ͣ˲һӣɫĿȺϢˣʮǵȥСȵ޸ġ
δķ˿ȫ֪Լڷ߷۵ѾռϢ
֮, δ߼ûзʲô, ȻÿϷѣԼϸ籧ԹİְֿʼŮ, ȥۻǿҰÿȥƱû֯˾ԱһŽȥ
ϣļҳԥĴܵܵı, δʵȥ֯Աһ𿴵ӰİְֿԺϮķﲻ״
Щݷʱһֱδߣҽһп˶óĬˣôҲ޷м͸¶Ϣļ˺Լеһ
δ뿴ֻﳤ㲻ĳЦֿѾŵֻ˿Ⱥ͵ȡ򫋣΢΢һ顣
ʹϧķһ²۵ĺûᡣ
÷ûã㳯ķչˡ
ȫֺǺˢһʱһӪŴϡ
ǷѲѷ϶׷ӣҾЦ֪һʺƨʵʲô𣿡
ⱾֻڶеһȻһȺ˳ʾλ̷һ΢
ǷѲѷȰλҲƻõĻ룬ҲһӰƼҿҪˡ
i֪Լ˶˵ںֱλԾԭί֪δ롣
ʱδںһ𿴵ӰӰiϢǡȫˡ
ʱüͷЩ
ƭİ򫋴ӹﺰҪǰȥһҪöԷ
ͷȻ򫋵Ŀ棬δ죬Ҫ˵ʲôȻͷס͡
ǳǳһЦꡱһ
û£˵˶ԣҲٷſˣҲС
.
ദʱȻᷢĦ
͵͵Ǳ˿ȺҲʱﱩ¶ģδԼҪҹӰ಻ؼңӲЦװӡ
׿Ȥ飬ǾϰϵĲͬδ˯ܹɣæڹ򾭳Ӱൽҹ
ǰһ𣬺ֲǰ߸һϢҵ
ѵδǰִһΣ˫ЭϢڶһ紦δȡΪϢһᣬרȥѧô򵥵㡣
ʱӲǱ˹ܾõӡ
δȥġ֮2ǰ죬ҽӵΥԼ⳥
iɫء
δ뵹һˮ
˹ɭ˵ƷвõԱi˵⻰ʱҧгݣ޲ýԶߵĵ
˰ǣһ˵ȥԭ򣬻ǵǰ㿴΢𣿡
iԥĿһһ߰ŵ򫋣תߣйأ
ţϷһЩۡ
δ˼ɣüҽӹֻɨݣԷҵЩ£򺬺Ľݷȥֻûָˡ
˹ɭ֪յ˭٣Ȼ򫋹ϵܣҲѡá
˵Ľҷһ֪ͨ壬֮סǺѵõԴ
iԼƯµٿȻ㣬ǳǳһЦ֪㵱Ȼô˵ڶ׷
i㣬δεƳһ˶ɳϣε̫ˡ
ţǹģ֮ǰҾ˵ųһϢ򫋱˵ģӦû뵽վ˵£ǰù׼Ҳᱻ⧲οʱһֱڸ㰵֮ס˹ɭ罻ϷһԱϢѴ˵㡣
δ뱻׵ӣԭͲ˽ģҲ᲻ðֱӷڱ𴦱֪Ƿȱˡ
ˣڱµʲôͷ𣿡
ͷi
ĿǰûУǻľ֣˹ɭûйµԱ
ټˣнӦǰȦ˸ɵġ
δüۼָĵİֻ͵һɫŮԱ࣬ǵϻðŵҼҵвȥһɫ㣬ųЩ˻ңʼ͵ɵӲŻµˡ
𴽣Ҳ򻳰硣
򻳰ôڹǰȴҪԺ֣ҲΪһ㣬ѧУƽ£򻳰ں˵۹⡣
Ҳò
iĿһۣе⣬˳δ빤£ô˾ú򻳰Ѳϵ
δЦЦͣ򻳰ѾкܳʱûƷˣæŽܼҵ򫋵鱬ȥӰڹ˾ķչ谭
ֳ̧δֻ£󣺡Ľ˵ģ
δգգûش
һҵ˭㡣
򫋳ȷ˭ˡ
iܿ򫋻˼ǾͰˡ
ֹһ׷£ļλܲҲԵһȥࡣ
⼸Ϊֶ뜏ֵ֮ܲĹƱµԸδβҲ𣬺ܿ챻ץסС
δûµĹֲͣٴߣĺ򫋷ֿȵĴӡĶͷϡ
򫋰˰ḧԴڼҺúôţæȥ㡣
δЦĵͷ
.
δصұյһܱﷺỨĽţϴοǳҫʱ
˵Դδͷȥ¶ģδ룬Բû뵽Ȼȥ㡣
һ˫Ĵǳıδϵıᡣ
㣬ûκ°ЩŻµ󣬲˼ҲչСҫСҫסԺ˻󣬴ͷβҹҲֻǩһС֤ݶѣûκΪ򵥡
αƵ̫
δЦЦŽһɳϣӹһİĹ⡣
ŭοδ뱾ͲǣԵĻʮļ˺ԼϲˣƾɣδûȻ
лҪ˵ǸǣΪһЩ¶ϸڣʼָ°¸µϹ

 66 

66
δеһģһ
վ, վڵƸߵȥǴǳ
ɣǳô, Ϊʲô졣
Ҳ˵δûһûɫ, ҿɱǰԴ¡
ǰδìܵʱͨǴδ룬δоȵǣⳡ粨, ۵ķ˿ǱһģߣװͰ͵³Щˡ
ֶ, Щ·ƿ, Ȼǰδ΢Сӡ
δ뿴һů, ˼һᣬĸıһԼļƻ, ʱǷװ֤ļѹ£iԼĴ㡣
֪δĴԺiһ᣺һֱΪԷ˿ôں
ô, ֻǰ˽ǶѡδǳǳһЦ, ԺĥƽϹڼ, ˵˵ʣЩ罻ϣظķ˿, Ǵĵ׳мϲġ
ȰԼƷԸΪԼȥ·˽͡
ԲôδҲҪȰЩ˿Ǳġ
δ뷨iͷҺܿ׼á
ǣڶ죬ȫзĺʷʷ¶й˷΢ӭϰ˵ֱ
˼⣬δ뻹ҳڷǷ׷³Ҫ׿ڻشһ⣬ðͱ˿Ƿ׷װͷ
δֱi̵ģԼֱ䣬ΪǰԤ棬ոմ򿪣һȺڷӵ
Һáδ΢΢һЦִк׵Ļ˲ܼ˲١
ҵһؿֱܶණҶ״ϣδüһĻΪʲôֱ𣿡
һ˼Ļգգۣ֮ǰкܶ˿ƽʱҲϷʱ£Ըлiһ飬ܺʹƽ̨һ¡ˢĻٶ̫ˣҿǶЩʲô
δɴװ֣ȫһԵĻ̹׳ԼҪ
ѵлᣬȴҲιһҵļҡ
ֱĺڷ۲мһˣ˭ϡʲôǰĻһݣǶһ
ŶδǸƿŵ˵һǰԾŰȥˡ
ǰҾ˵ˣδ¥С𣿡
оװ޺þ£Ǯ˵
ڷüͷһ壬Ѿʼηδ롣
𣿡δ߿Ļ߻ش𣺡ҲˣǼиĵĹ涨ǾرҪ飬ÿһҪһԵģԣ֮ǰȥϷŸ˺þãʱ󲿷Ҳڼ㸸ĸ
ֱº͸ĸ˵ˣʱ̹
ҼʼǲͬҽȦҵʱ̬Ҳܲûʲô÷ϵģ¾ҪϲϷҵļʵңڶǺ֧ҡ
δһᣬЦݣʱ˶ҽ㷢һЩܶӵۣοֱһĿģǽһҵĽ㡣
ӦöƸɡδָֻЦԣǸֺƬϲ磬ҵһβϲ磬Ůܲȡ
һȺŮܲװȺ³ڵĻˢ廨ŵĽԼ
δЦĸˣҪߴһܣȥǰΪ½ɫȥҵĽȡûʵвһλԵŮܲãȻֻڹ˾
˾ûǣֻܸҽʲôˡڳڹȥ
ҫʱҪɳȫ°δһڳоôóԣҫСίһǳ
ý°ûǳҲһһݡ
һλ糤ŮԳھͷ棬βһƤ
δôˣ
Ļ˾ȵĿǳûлͷô֪˭
δ뿴һ۵ĻɻǳЦô֪ң
ֻŲֿ죬ҪǼһԻװǻһǳ˲֣תԼá
δ뿪ֱȫǶ֪ǲǳ𣬵ǳⲢİԾͷûüǴԼãֻ΢ȣڿֱôˣ
ĻʱһɫġݣҿԡĻ֮ʡ
δЦĴչȥˣʲô
Ĺ˻ǳԼһǺģųζ
Ҹҽһ£ҽ㣬ҲȵĲοߡ
ʵǳЦʱܶѾͷЦݺ͵ӰȺڱɽڻЦݺƣδĻ֤һ㡣
ǳǶˣܿͲ³ôһĿʲôͷůģδȥǴк
δûȨҽûʲôΪ֪ȱ㡣
飺еģҾýʱ̫ˣҶ棬ƫƫ˶ԷĹεôܻݶ飬һӷ¾Ϳʼҽ鷳
λİʾ̫ǿˣδĺܾļңȦ֮һҲûз
ǰΪҫͽ㣬δûƵﻹԼΪһȫŮӺʲôҵģǵѻյǳͷϣɹŭδ롣
.
δֱiѹͨͷ˿Ǽ׫дͬʱϡ
һðЩݴǷ˿Է֯ģδѸĿ۽ڱʹӵϡ
ֱ俴ĽˣĽһڣҾ֪֮ǰЩڷƨˡ
˵ܿǰԽԽã˵۷ĴɶҲ׷Ľ㣬˵ǼĽúá
ǣ뜏Ǹովܾ˵ͰĽϡ
ôһ˵뜏Ҳͦҵģ򻳰ʱ򣬶˵̫ľ籾ˣûȤҲǸɡ
ǵȫһߵԭģͨѽֱ÷Ŵ󾵿֪ǳ˫ʿѧλӪĹ˾׵ҵŮ׷
֪Ĺ˾ݳƷƷƺֱӾ˺ܶ˵ǳڼֶúᣬûκ⣬˽˶ϲ
ǳ̽ԵȻܺãܶҵҶվΪ˵֤ɽ
ҪǣδûԼļһ˵ݱ֪ǳһⶼ֧Լãûκ˻Ǳ飬ļҼҴҵ󣬵곤ĶҴҵСһλȥȦļеûȤ
δַųԼ˷ʦɲǿЦģǳʧÿһҪʧܶʽҪǸɹúܶҵ
֮ǰǰˮסѹԷû˵ǳڵ˲ܵˣ˵ʲôҲӦæˡ
һֵĹƱ£ɶŻҪְ
δȴʱһȥʦѩϼ˪
ͬʱ뜏ҲڮԾȵϢ֤һݹȥ
յһкʲôӦδѾȫˡ
Ժ󣬡֮סҲ֪¼˽һδƷԺ󣬵ôһڣô궾Ŀ⿴ѡδ룬ɻΪǴ򿪻гѾˡ

 67 

ܻò豭, 칫ұŪһƬǽ壬ͨ۾¶֮⡣
֮ǰһжļƻ֮, Ȧ۷粨ĵط, Ȼȥۡ
Һˣ·˵ķ˽δǣ¸ߡ֮ס, ҲɹĽɫ
ļηҪԶưͿû뵽δ뾹Ȼѡֱӽļұ¶ڴ֮ͥ¡
ȦĸǷѾ˼䰮ļ˲˺ˣЩӰ쵽Լҵδܲ˵֮١
ֺܿ, ļҾδп, ǷҪȦ, ļж಻ͬδȦҲ֪һЩģη, ·
ٸһλᣬһᡭ
ܡεӯЦ߽칫ңİ칫, վǰ, һ˿ӡ
維»¡
ɫҰף֪, ӭʲôľ档
ģʲô
.
M˹ɭ⣬һʮ̵ֿĵ, ԼƷԼĵӰһ˿۵㡣
Ǳ򽭡δԹ޵ˣһİҪԼĵӰ
ڵ֪ڶƷʮɣƺฺӰ죬˹ɭжϣδĵӰھжôźΪһʱҲɫĺѡһйδϡ
û뵽죬Աֻһţ֪֮ǰЩǼٵġ
˹ɭһǳˣʧȥһõԱһʮǱԱ
ȥȻˣŭĵݵһĳݣԼ˵ԱδƷв
͵͵״ǺߺڸȻһӵƣϲӰǰϲЩϲδ룬֪ڴ˺ܾãĸݡ
.
ôˣţҲǣܺĽҲϹеҲ⡣
ˣܾǼҺöԸδű飬ȻԾԣոպҽʲô
Ľѽˣδ룬ˣĽҪһŮӹһ뷨㿴ôҲ㲻ҲɣĽҲǵ˵ҵٷܶٷܶҾĽݡ
δ룺
ܰѰǮ̰ͼ˵̹Ҳֻˡ
ܻ𳵵δҲʼ⡣
ǳ飬İְֺһֱڵŮ֪߲׷ߣǿܶῡܣˣֻҪǳģҸСҲ޷
δ뵹ǾνһҲ֧֣¶Ҫ뷨
ֻǲ֪ڵΣˣԸ̫ⷽͷˣǰû̸֮⣬˵˼⻹̫ͷˣȥһ¡
δֱŽ㣬ɹһֱļ˷ϡ
ȻȱǰδݼûԴõ¡
֮ǰ˵ʱ˲ţʵǰ
¥ֻֻ˵ҪʱҺʲôҲ˵һҪһ£δ룬͵ĳɹӣǰݼʷզˣڲȵƱ
ֻ˵ҲҪǳĽ㣡
Ľĺã۾ãС
˵䣡Ǹʧܵ򹷣
ԴӱŮ뜏зͬһĸԺŮķʼǡ޹ϡҲ֪Һֻͨѡ
޲ð˹ϵƲĸɸɾ
δΪˡ֮סյڣˣһʱҲҪݵľ籾͹
ļҴССרһͷŵһΣļλŮӿżɵĺǻЩεЦˡ
δ룬㿼ǽӴ𣿡ǳЦӯӯԼãϴδܾˣΪѾ֡
˶֪δĽˣܸòܾɡ
ϵģδһƾˣ㣬ҪϢһʱ䡣
˻һdissļ˶ͣ¶ˢˢؿδ롣
İְ˫΢΢ʪ֪δΪʲôƢô󣬼ҲҪԱôѵ·
ҲһϲδҲ֣ʮͷţҲδԴ濪ʼԱÿȥһĸ׵ʵǿȥ
簮ŮļҸĸͬһʱᵽ˲ͬζûкʵľ籾ԸҲ˵ϢĻ㡣
˼δ벻˵
δҲƯ¶һĨɬ۵Цݣ۾ģ򫋹Ҫ
ļң
ڿóȥˮ
δ̸£ļҼ
İְֶԴһɫûУһ˿˿СҲδ뵱ϵô뷨
ֻһ㣡
ǼҴҵ󣬾ǳδһôҲûҪǼˣ
ڷͷ湰һŴײˣİְﷴˣߺֲԸ
ֲԸôŮ˵ƴʹɫϣվԼߡ
赹ǵһЩȻ򫋵ںܶ۵㣬⺢ûʲô˵ģǼôΣҲûһ˵򻳰ĲǣǴСʶ򻳰ǼһΪ򫋴һΣԸ£ֵļô£
򻳰ǳδģƾһ㣬򫋱򻳰
İְֶһۣǰ΢΢ͷЦжδ˵˾һɢɢģú档
ڴͷµİְ֣
ĿøĸСϣǿ˵õ
߸˵ı飬ߵ˵ίίر˱졣
ʱûʸ֣ǳ޸Ǹ
ʶ㣬Ѿ򻳰СһͲǺöϲãһֱδ룬Ҳȥѵ򻳰ˡ
δԵͷԼ򻳰ĿʱϲĻˡ
ìܵҪһϣ˿ģһ־򫋲ס
һʱüͷһϿ˲֡
ǳЦЦĵܵܵļҲֻͦ򫋵ģǰģһҲûУʲôҲں̳˴򽻵
ŵĲ´Ьġ
ˣڿõ۾гȵ¶ȣδˡ
δεãδϡ
δҲϲ򫋵ģɫƶûһСĸ򫋡
.
򫋻֪ԼѾмһμҳ
βһȥļңȴǰδеĽţҹ
һãȻһЩŵ˵ȥ˸ĸһ㶼ʲô
ΪʲôشҪŵ飺
ڶ죬ϰҪ´˾
˾ÿԱһľҲϰֻȥˣųͷȥģ
Ͼǰʱϰϰ໹ҪܴιҼ
ǣС¡
ᣬпЩԱ뷨

 68 

򻳰뜏ˡ
δת, ɳɫһ, ˵ʲô
˼롣
Ϊڵƿ, ۽£Լȴʵػش, ֵģ֮ˮϴԼ
δԼԼ³ʲôĿԣȻ˴
òǸ򻳰ж̸, ԺҪ𣿡
ڹ, Ƥ, »ָģӢŵĹӡ
С״Ϊ͸ˡ
δ򻳰뜏ں, ѾλûκιϵˣֻҪԷԼУں, Ͳȥעǡ
治֪, ļҵ֪ˣһ¾δ롣
ǵ򻳰鸴ȼ, ֪Լϲôһѹ
ڴ£Цǰϣ˵СһڶԷ첲ϡ
·۽Ǻ, һһ͸˵ʣûƿ۾ֻǱתƻ⡣
ȥҡҪĶҷˣ㿴ûʲôҪġ
δЦӯӯƳ۹ԹԵѣﰵ̾ôº͵һˣ򫋹ȥôûѡ
͵Ļȫ򫋹ȥһĮģֻȫϡ
ĺܣԼ׽˴ӲԽҲԷ̫صİ⡣
ⷴߵ˲ԾʼҼ֡
ʲôһ죬Ҫòã´ͺˡ
򫋣
´Σ
æѹ۾Ȼð⣬á
.
ʱķɿ졣
ȹ״̬δҲӵǵľ籾
ʽķϣ½ܵݺȶˣüɫնŮҫιն뵽ġ
ˣǲ֪ЩݵģиСȺʵԱҲƼˣݼãֲʲô߰ľ籾ӣҲס
ܵȵκ˵ߵĹ֣û¾ҫ꣡ʽ飬Ϊ˸ڣû뵽Ǹɣ
δ룺
Ȼϵ˱ݼû뵽ߴﾹȻ¹ҫ
ݵģʱԼѡǣһ裬˺͸ߴһ
ЦƵģ˻ܵݼϲڵĻҳţһǴȥǮʹԺҪټߵˡ
ڶ˯ԺδָֻߴԼǼ
δ˲һʺš
ߴߣ˵绰
ߵҷʲô
ֲʲôա
ߴЦǺǵ˵Ҳûʲôԭ򣬾ǻҲûƬ꣬ͷԣ˸㲹ϡ
δһüңؿڴϣǸԱˣ
˼롣
Ȼòܵ˵ʲôɣ
ߴûл˵ֻûһ˿δһҴ¶˵ס
˸˵¡
δЦãҾǿܵϵ㲻ЦأôҺ͵һλݡ
ߴһǾͺǾͺá
ർݶϲĺõĵӰҲݼȺԱݼòҪԷͻ¡
Ƹ߶ռ֮٣ɵǣδĶ
ǣŮۼɱںܶǡ
ߴҲŪСΪʲôһŮҲɬغ㡣
δݼԽԽҲԽԽտԱ벻ҲԲܽ
ߴɲΪǰֵǲ졣
ԺͿˣͬʱĬĬСԱһʡ
Ϊ֪Էǹ˵ģѲΪûδͻֵ
󣬵δɹõӰ󽱵ʱ򣬸ߴԽԼʱӢľ

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һĳ̶ȣȻҪδ߽ݾٷܶꡣ
ʼսĿ͸¶δϵܺá
δ棬׼ؼԲʱ򣬱Χڻʡ
˵µ˽¹ϵܺã𣿡
ܵ룬µӰʹһɫµǲӰжš
ûнǰкϷ
µȴǸֵģԼ󣬾ٵȱϯúܶ๤ԱϷʱҲ档
ʲôʱҲϵܺˣ
δ˲³ǹ˾ĳЦЦؿǰļߡ
˵Щ˶µģ˵ί㣬Ҳ˵ᱻЩ˹⡣
ҲܺöԸֻҪжԼ˵ĻȳµϹϵøмֵǾͻµϡ
ǣѾݼϿɵСժīһ˫Ư۾ӹЩˣǵĻ꣬ɻı飬˵̵Ļ
µ˭
仰ѵһ
˵òһͬ¶ǲס˵ھҲˣơ
δķ˿
ѾԼżget뷨һЩƨ˽Ť
µ˭Īδ㣬
ЦµϣҺδϵǳáδ룺µ˭СʺţǷкܶѡ
Щ˵δô˵ԶһЩԺǵùʱҪһµʶͲʶʾ˭ǲ
ĸЦ߶㣬˭ܵ裿Ϊ֮ǰ˵ҹϵã
˹ֱgirlЦˡ
˸ôȥδ룬ѵ֪ر𣿾㲻ԱˣԻȥ̳мҵͷ
ܾ󰡣ȻҵΥԼ棡
µϵķ˿Ҳкܶ࣬ΪµСķ˿ǿȥһֱܷϵδսǿܶࡣ
ֻµϳ̫ԣǶβɷƵδãı̫ʵֻܴδ̫ò˿ʼ
վסţȻҲ͵в档
µܻҵֻͷľ˷𣺡ôôʶ̧٣ѵ֪ڵֻҪ΢һᱩǣ
΢΢һ飬Լ˵ڿɵӡ
˵ʲôƨأ
δ߼ûҪ賴
ⲻ𣿻ǽʯĴɣҿԡ
Թܶ࣬ǲô˵ģֻܰοˣʱ罻ƽ̨ˣȹ˷ͷͺˡ
µϻĲˣһҪȶȲݡ
ֻľһͷףδ뷢΢ˣ
µ־Ѫѹﻹ¶Էֻһ
΢ͣµδ˺ܶƬ
һԼ֣˵ķݻ𷸣
ڶ裬֣ͻһõ裡
İְ֣֣ҿֱİְ֣
ǽ͸磬֣һŮĽͰҾýǮҵĸ磡
һʻǸСӣ֣С۲ȴٵС
򫋵Ĳ֣ϲҵӢˣΪ̫˾ֻŰƬ
ȻʩţǣҿɰĵһС˿Ҳǳõĺѣ
滹кܶԱ˽ա
δ΢֣ס
۵һҲ
δvԺԵ˻ٸ
ˣ
˵˭ȶȲãƫƫѡδ룡
лҪ˵βе㿨
Ԥգд͵ģϲıǴղء
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ɭú֮ˣѲ忡ϻۣҸרһһΪԼ˶
ֱκγѣݵ֧顣
Aɭ˵λѧö֮һ顣
ɭһѾǱ֮ƭĿˡ
Ȼ֮˵Ҷ·ԽԽţˣһѧãͿʼ׷ҵϵʽ
ɭãô֪Ҫ·㡣
֮ҺһֻҪҵ΢š
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֮ܣ϶ǿҽϴAJ¿ЬڲҵǮ
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СƬΣ
ɭС⡪ίѱʾĲϲ
5.20죬һ졣
ĺúͬѧ
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ϡ
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 69 

µŤ, ϶ȫǶĳ
֪ЩۻԼﲻµϻǾǿصȥۡ
δ΢µЩ˺ŵȥȫһ
һӦҽ㾹Ȼ΢ˣѵºڶӦmuaģǸϲĹ˭, Ҳϲ, ԼͼƬۣݡ
ͼƬһpˣ֣С
QAQҲҲǲɧƾʲôһܵϼףʲ
¥ϵļǶ, һδļͼ¾ң
̼һѣһҲŶԣ
ɶ˵ˣĽʩţӮҰ
ʩպһߺ, ȴûбȦķ, ֱٸ, רЩ
ݱ˵ǣϣԼԱһ, һ㣬վδһλá
Ŷʶö˰, ȻӰǺ, ϴҾ˵ӰΪ㷢Ծè壬ྡྴ, ȫնˡ
ɰҶʶǲʶҰɣ
¥ϵļ̫˰ȣ
ǹ𣿹Ȼǹ, ҽ㣬ͲûԼߺ㣬ԼԼ
xswlδ㣬Լ߱ʧҵʲô
Ȼ뵽ôһ죬ǺʹŶأҪҸѽ
µϣ
⣿
⣡
Щȶ보أ
ûбµϸˡ
ˣ⻹类أ
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򻳰ƣ룬Ӹӹҵס»ѹƨɵµλá
һг䶨ڴȥ뜏
ⱲΨһҲ񻹹ˡ
뜏ҲôģΪ飬뜏ôãͲˣǻ뜏һĿʱ⡣
ڴطľ
Ȼ򻳰뜏Ц绨һ˧˸첲ʱԭء
ôҲûϵĽ֡
뜏ûе
ԭصֻѡ
򻳰ܿͷŭˣ뜏ƾʲôŭȥʶԷǰ뜏ǰûκǣ¶Цݡ
᲻˭Ǳܻ𣿻Ƣرãҵһܲǰԭ㡣
뜏ؿ򻳰û뵽˻صǰ
˵ˮõ˲򻳰㲻ΣҲôġ
Ҫ˵򻳰ôһ㶼֪飬ǲǰѱ˵ɱŪ
뜏˵򻳰Ǻ֮ǣҲԹ޹
ｫԨ򻳰ķκβ֪ʵǲ֪߳ܣȷʵ
뜏еĹԱΨ򻳰Լ۵ǶһɣǲǴûпѵĿ
Ǻǲ˼ĸܣԼΪȷ£ȫ֪һһԼƵ˷˼⡣
ôһ뜏Щңͷˣദĸһ㣬ҲĻΪȫĶ򻳰ϵ˿
һܺһҵۻϣ򻳰ǺĹ˾Цʲôʱ顣
⽫ԼŮܳ򻳰ǿջЦû
ζЦЦ򻳰ļ򣺡㰡ΪԼᣬͿ漸꣬㿴򫋣ҲҵҲҡֱϡ
򻳰㶣ˣȥδˡ
˹鵽̷·ˮɡ
򻳰ѾǹȥˣûôԹ򫋣Ҳ常ĸ֮ǳĸ飬ȥֻǲԸŸĸû˰顣
һμ︸ĸΪִ򻳰ʶȥʹ
ĬԲˣԺ󣬺ظϳң洵硣
һλ
Ҳ򻳰һο
ΪҺҪң򫋵ǰδеҲȥҵĲƲһһ档
ǰĲججȴ˵ӱ˵İڲʲôνģֱҵԼϲˡ
õһΪϲ**Ķ
Ȼδ벻ϣܵ˺ϣֱͦվǰôҲԸ
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ꡪ
꿿һλñŮǳɫƷ
ʱһߴ̤
ôˣǳЦЦسܻܵ֡
һȣ棬̱ƵɳϣˣûЩоһҲɹ
ļһһȼ٣δСһ档
İְֺǿ̫£Իչԡ
ǳЦˣ𣿡
ǳ飬˵Ϊȥ˺ܳʱ䣬ֲԸú򫋵ĸȣδµʱѾҪˡ
ʱҪԲ˳óȻҲá
ǣɭɭΧ˵Ķ飬ȻƤڹڣ˵ǾҪúÿһ򫋣۸ļҿɰŮˡ
ڽע£޿κεƲƲ죬ԶӰͷҲаɡ
ʧûȥжӪδ뿴һۣɳ̲򣬶ҫ˵ϢϢᣬˡ
ҫȻ棬ҲȲδ򫋵ľ
һϷϢһܳҹӰ಻ϢǱ̬еı̬
ҫͷܵˮߣϡزˮ
δյߣʲôأ
򫋻ͷڿģȥˣǲϿˣ
δһ룬ǣ˫򫋵ϵɳڶԷϣ紵ķ˿ô뷨𣿡
󣬵ǹ˼ɲԶСӣĴָϸļü
⣬ҪõϿɣΪġ
ૣƺҪɺĻҲҸ
δȻû壺˵ʲô
ҡҡͷЦδ˵ֻǺһ˫ӲΪƤδ΢΢Ҳ֪˵ʲô͵Ҫ֡
ֻҪӵʱ򣬱Ц
ƻ𣬺
ʱŨ
лҪ˵ͳ׽Ϲлô顣
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