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001

һɫװ꼱ҴҵػصУɲϵżʵ:壬ôˣ
СһڷûԣֿʼҪˡܼ΢̾˿˵
ԴС֮ǰʮ¶δػرһ˵Ĺÿ춼׼ʱ׼°ؼңҲӰˡ
Ϊڷȥй֮ǰûмС㣬¸Ů˹ϵ裬СŻͻȻİְִϺ˵ֻһֱҪˡ
µţܼҴĵãҲһɷ򣬵һһø׵ġ
Ůһڶûԣһ˫΢һ˿ǡ
ǰҵûʲô飬Ȼദ˲ֻ꣬˻飬ǰȥmҲҲûйעϢ
û뵽ǣǰǸʱѾУmһŮ
ȻôҪ飬Լǰ˿֪飬һֱڹ
֪ǰͻȻȥǰޣȻһŮ󣬶κ鶼䲻꣬˺һŷӦ
СԵ꣬ûһˣҲһԼѪĺӡ
ǰһƬϿǸССġСӵʱľ͸ֳһرǿҵͷ
ǾһҪúñΨһŮ
ȥһײǳŮˣҪȫϣԽԽá
ĩһк׵Ľ£Ůһȥ԰ɢɢģ;УǵĳһӹսǴĹײһ
ⱾҲûʲô˾һȥ밲οߵŮ£ŮȴͻȻ˦֣һ³ǸﳵİŮ˽һ裡
Ůߵһο¶һ
ܿע⵽İŮ˵üۣƺмǸȥõǰޡ
ͷһظСӵְֵ֪꣬ʲôطðŮעȵŮˣһ˿ͼʡ
Ҫ֪ԼŮڶûнйһְء
ԸЩȲ¥
¥ȫͨСӵķ䣬˸ָëߡ
֮⣬ǸƷҲǰ޵˽ŮϲúΪһһѡġ
ҪŮõһУֲȱϯ
ţһ죬ŮԸԼ׵ġ
һŮķſڣƿţֻһŷɫԱߵĵ̺ϣʱһɫȹСŮ
Ů۵СӲı˲٣һ˫飬ε:ãְȱòã
ڵϵİܽſڵĶ̧ͷһһۿģͷðŵһŨŨ
ÿ϶еˣֻԼѣֻרŸ˴ת˽ܿ
ܽת˽ɾΪ˲ա
䣬ÿ춼Ը˵ࡣ
תˡѾΪ˼Ĺʶ
ȻҲ֪ǣʱ̫Ҳһַա
ͱ˵ڣֻΪ͵һŹѪģ̾һ䣬һ˵еɷܲ÷ɾʲô
Ȼ󡭡ȻʹԽⱾŹѪС˵˳ųΪɴboss׹Ů
˵ɷӲ˸ĸֿŮע¶һдһ֡
ǲ֪ɷǺֻת˽ȣ˭ҪһЩ
뵽⣬ܽ΢ͷһ˫ڰ׷۾ˣúͯŴɤ˵:
꿴󱧵ĹŮ΢һ¡                        
ߣ*Ŀˣղ۶һɣŮֻܽת˽𽫻ÿ(/RQ/)
*һͬĵԤգϲȥרղһ£ĵһʱ֪
  Ů롷
  ޻ǳɾĹ꣬һְĽ
  ֱһ죬һȦΪͯŮĶ顣
  ŮСʱųһС׬˹ڵᣬһٳΪŮԴԺƬԼϣԽԽ졣
  ɳŮ䣬̺ȾƣƬˣƣϲϣʧȥСʱһͯǡ
  ͬʱڳŮȴһ·߸裬֪ǰָͶʱ磬ӰŮһţΪ˫ӰЯܲ۷塣
  ȻʱԽĹ꣬룬ոձѡвǸһʱСɫ

002

ܽת˽𣬷Ǳ֮࣬һõˡ
ŮеĿ⣬һӲģ˿Ҳ컯һˮˡ
ſһ˫ֱۣ΢΢ƣܽôûע⣬һסĲӡ
ӵܴõĺء
СغᣬʲôͿ԰һӴӵϱ
껹ǵøհŮmӻǸʱСһ۵СϻЩӤʵģԲཱུģǿɰͬһװŴӡסЩһֱûʲôθڣÿ춼ûϼڷһ˺üʦã۳˶һȦ۵òС
ܽһֱ˲֣Ĭʮ룬Ȼ̧ͷͷϵһź漴ɥƲƲ졣
ɷǵȻһ㣬ֻת˽ʮ룬ȻҲֻͷϵĺɫôһ㣡
Ҫ֪һΣǸС㣬ڵڶƱһңȻǮ˻ծزĸȥʡǵĴҽԺơ
һΡ
ЧղŸתbuffڳйʱиһȽ֮ġ
̫̫̫̫c(RQ)
ܽĹգת˽ģһս
ãְܸ֣ܲ߰Ϊʲô첻緹أʵ
ܽһ࣬Ҳ̳ԭΪļ䣬ͷһ˵:Ϊˡ
һ˫ڰ׷۾ĵ棬꾹Щֱ
һСӣ˵ʵ̫̣һ̳ɱϵ꣬ԼŮʱ򣬺ԥ
֪òøߺӣĸѾȥ˵Ϣ
ǰ֮䲢ûжٸ飬ȥʾĬȴʮָмŮ˸ԼһŮ
߹ã˵õȥˣҪܾúܾԺ󣬲ټܽ룬ֵ
ԭãҲãֻһСȻ̸֪ȥˣʵȥ˼ԼͲһˣһȻճɾ㣬ܽҲֻѣһֻС𾫡
ˣת˵ҲԽԽģ
ѻŮ§øһ㣬˵:㻹аְְֻ֣һֱġ
ǰ࿴ĵطܽüͷ
ʵС˵ԭУԭûܻꡣյǰһ죬ͻգкԼŮȥҽԺ·ϣһΪ̫Ӳ±ѹһҲԭֻĺӣԶûˣȻڳʱһֱ±úܺãûˣȴΪԷ׾βʱûܰȥ˼
֪ΪΣ뵽ЩİܽͻȻеѹ
ҲΪһ޸ĸɣÿοĳϣܡ
ܽһǧǰ˵ûиĸزĺӶġ
ܽʶһ𣬾һֻת˽вûʲôִ
ֻ֪Լܸ˴ˣ˶ѡ
뵽⣬ܽԼ԰һɷķɴboss
ӵɷ࣬׽֮˶ᱻ˵ġõģ𽥱ĳһȱ˵ùһЩģǾͻֱΣ
ɰܽһҲ˭ת˽أ˲Լ
෴˵ֻСߣǱĬذıע¶һ
==
Եܳøߡ
һܲʼΪķۺɫС룬ʮĵظСòϵŮι
ÿӶʳǻ߼ĳʦʳ׾׼õӪ͡
߲ˮ󵰡
ݲ˵ȥƽƽ棬ʳĶõ֣ʦǮһٷܳԵǧԪ
ЩҲ׬˲ǮһŮǴ´ġ
óԣܽһ߲ζ۾һü䣬ЦޱȲá
ţΪʲôʳôóأ(/RQ/)
ûζģ԰ܽǰֻܹһ񫣬һ۰Ͱ͵ؿЩڸֳسŻ⡢ըЩҲʳ
⸱лƷʳζˡ
С˵Ҳһôûа㿴ⲻͺܿʵһֱԸ𣿣
ӵĿǻȾߵ˵ģСһһ˵ı飬촽ҲһǳǳĻȡ
ߣ*ܽʵһֱǰְֵŮ(/RQ/)

003

ܽѽʦ׼緹ȫ˸⡣
ϣ΢΢˸ãǰտҲС룬ԲСӣƺǾԼԵ̫ˣе㲻˼ɬЦһ¡
ҡҶˡ̧ͷ͵͵ؿһۣŴؽ͵
Цͷü䳣䵭ԼұŮǰȫᣬôӦְ֣Ժ󶼲Բ緹˺òã
ϸտᣬܼҸԼ㱨ӽ𴲺˵ʲôҲԸ緹зĲ£Żջǵشӹ˾˻
ܽͷ絷:áʳֱ̫óˣͲöһأôܻ᲻緹أҲ̫ǲ˰ɣc(RQ)
˵඼һٵģܽ뵽̲ס͵͵һԽÿһ춼ڴ
ĵһ죬ֻܽת˽Ѿʳˡ
ǲǵ㹤ˣܽգգ۾֪ʵ
ܽͻȻһ£ǾĴǣ춼Ҫϰҵġοǰһ˾ܲãܲڰܽӡУǶرæģҪܺܶܶˣǩܶܶļ
òõģְֽż٣Բȥϰġ걾˾ϼŵܲãȻʸԼż١˵һ첻ȥϰ࣬һҲû˸Ҷ˵䡣
ܽԣ΢һʱ
ȻѾ첻ȥ˾ϰˣ룬һ˵:ãûȥ԰ҪְֽٴȥһΣ
ΪǸﳵŮ˵ͻȻ֣õעתƣȥ԰ҲôˡǺŮȥ԰ôʱ̣겻ź
԰
ܽ۾һ̾ʹӦǺŬڿԼ飬ֻ۰Ͱ͵ʵ:Ŀȥһ𣿡
԰ﵽǸĸСӣһԶԵС£Ȼܽһֱһˣûһȥ
СŮһ˫ˮģǻ˵Ƶģ۾Ŷȥ԰Ŀ
ЦЦ˵:ǵȻˣʲôʱȥְ־ʲôʱȥ
̫
ܽǰɴbossһ˰ιԺóԵģҪȥ԰
ˣҪѽеĺbuffȫ(/RQ/)
==
ܽһɫСȹӣ滹һЩbulingbulingСƬͬҹǿһ
·ȥһСŮ
ܽһֻС𾫣ͬʱҲһֻת˽ϵСȹӾԼȥñģȻɱӶ˽æϡ
ǼƯŮһҲſھ
ЩŮĻsеЩǧˣһĿɿڴģֱ˹
Ѫ顢ŮɫܲãȻҲһӱôᣬֱ˵۾
׼ˣǳɡܽƲסĵ˷֮飬һĵ˵
ԭŮԸ׽ԼȻһְֶûнйֿ˻
ţŮ϶ͯȫΣָۺ˰ȫ¶Ϊ
ΣΪ·ûǵĳײһСʱһ˺˳ؾ԰ſڡ
sһ԰ռٹꡣȻĩͬ˲ο͡
ûһϵıţֻǺʮ״һֱȻһȴŮ԰
ȻûΪŮ԰vvipƱԲͨοһһĿҲҪϺܳĶ顣
԰ڣŮתľĳء
ʱѾкܶŶˣ϶Ǽҳͺӵϡ
еһڣеźӣְһ˴Ůϣ԰ﲢ
ǰһ԰ԣдСӶϲתľĿ
Ȼһʱʱ̶̿ڵĺӵŮظ˵ҪĿ㹻ȫ
ܽһже棬ԽԽˣתľһĿβſ뿪һ˷ֱܵһʱ䣬Сȳɺͮͮˡ
ӣ˲ͷϵĺ飬ε:ãܣǲż
һЩСӵֿ̫ġ
ܽ˳ˮĶֺһˮĴţ漴Զһ̯λ涼ɫ̾ͱסˡ
дţʮǮȡʮ.ֻҪǹͿԳ齱һΣнʰٷ֮١
һǽĿߡԿϷĽʮַ
ҪȥָܽǸ̯λ˵
ŮҪôܻܾ
Ǯʮ.ɴسŶһʮǹһ˾ŸǹõĲô˳֣һӴʮ
СѣְԹ齱ˡĽƷкܶŶܳмȽͿСˡ̯λϰһʮ壬ԱվŵƯСŮЦеشӱóһֽӣǰ齱
˵齱ܽһӱȤظΪԺ˵:ϰ壬õġ
СŮ˵ʱСֱȷΧһȺˡ
屻ЦĿ¶:ǿɰǣһŰɡ
УҲܳ齱ܽͻȻ뵽ʲôһ˫ˮĴ۾꣬˵:ЩеģӦŶԡ
ȻΪת˽İܽڳ齱ֻųѰȰ˶ôõķϣαĻøqaq
ЦЦ˵:ְֿ԰ø㡣
ܽҡҡͷҪ齱
겻ŮӦһֽɵļ׳齱䣬üͷ΢΢һ塣СףֻҪǺͳ齱йصĻ⣬ÿһ˵ʲôοллݹˡ
ԼνŮǰͲһˣγ鲻еĻл᲻úʧ䣿
ܽ˵ԥ߽һסůĴ֣һ˵:ҿ԰ҵĺ˶ָ㣬Ϳ϶ܳǸҪĽƷˣ
˵Ļһֱģ˭һֻת˽أ
Сŵķԣ겻ɻһЦ
ղע⵽Ůһֱ̯λƷмޡƷдСһҲһȽĽƷһ˻ߵķɫСޡ
ͷһΣԼܳһһȽ
һȽĽƷֻһȥСޣŮʧ                        
ߣ*СûйһȽְ֡ÿγ齱һȽĽܽ

004

԰̯ҲиˣٵļҳͺӣҪ˵һԸŮһվȺоģ֮١
ԴǸŮԼ̯λ֮󣬾·οͶƽʱࡣ
СӣȻŮ˵Ҫ齱ͱԥˡеĳ齱䣬Це˵
꿴Ů񣬶˶٣ȻŰֽӣóһ۵ֽ
ֻаܽһ˿齱Ǹ˲䣬ͷϵĺɫУһ΢Ľһһֱûգ۵ĻпܾͻӵĴڡ
֪ܽĺbuffˡ
ιȻһȽ
忴ֽд֣Ȳ:Сӣһкüֻֽһֽд1СʣܱһγС
ǰҲûгһȽοֻͣ󲿷ο̯ͣλ˺ܶ˺ܶνųеġ
ΧοͣҲ̯λϰһһȽ˹
ЩкͰܽͲСӣǿһĻԱߵĸĸ˵ҲҪСޡ
һʵˣտһȽͱ˳ҲֺǺǵģ˵ֱӰѽƷ֣СѣְָеСޣڿ԰ؼˡ
ллϰ塣ܽ˶ҪһȦޣò˵һлл
Ů뿪Աֵ̯λվԼǰС޿ɰһ򱶵ıŮʵ:ϲϲְֳеƷ
ϲܽʵʵ˵ղһȽʱ򣬱СѶһĽؿҡ
괽΢:Ȼϲô´԰ְֻŪһ
ܿŮЦݣǩһԪĵӻҪ˵öࡣ
ܳһȽ˵ʵȫ֮⡣ŮȻСǣߣƺࡣ
ã㻹ȥ棿
Ǹ
˳߿˹ȥŮָ򣬾Ȼ԰̼Ŀ֮һ¥
վطԶǱο͵ҽ

вУĿԲУ¥ʵ̫̫Σˣ
Ȱ˵ô̼ΣյĿȻŮ½ǡ
ôˣʵ
ǱߺǚGܽȻһСɶԱͶĿУһӾͷǸڲԶȪԣ塣
Ҳ˴ˣһ˲ͨһ룬ֻ˵˼仰
һֱļ±ڣյϰ󣬿첽ߵȪرߣΧסǸ͵͵յˡ
ʲô˿ƣŵæ˺ü
һͷıվ˳˵:λڲеǾҪȡǿֶˡ
ԣϽסԼǳ:˭ƾʲô
ʱŮԱ˹Ϊղδ͵ҺŮ
ǰˣ˸ղŻʮֿܵĶͣҲôһˣϽ͵:ûжģֻǼŮĺܿɰ̲ס˼š
ҽкٷ磬һӰʦ㿴ҵƬ֤ҿԺ㱣֤ղ˵Ķġ
ÿһӰʦһžη֮ġٷֻǾý԰żȻһԸֵŮ֮ദ̫аˣʵڿƲסܣ¿Ŷ˼š
ԭǴƬǰȥҸŮ˵ġ˭֪û߹ȥѾ˷ˣ˱ĻĻˡ
˵Ľͣ񲻱䣬һ˵:ŮÿɰҲյɡֻһӡ
sЩǮ˼СİһҪԴͷ϶žķ
ŮƬ
Բ𡭡ٷڳ˵ǸҲ֪˵ʲôźãϾȷʵǷȡ
壬ĵƬȸҿһ𣿡ܽŴһ
ٷܲӦϽе˹ȥȻû⡣
ܽ˵ƺǶЩƬȤŰѻ
ŮװͰ͵ӣŮĿеĸߴġ
Χѹȸжʱ˺ܶ࣬ٷ粻һǰ̫ǿˣղĿ£㴭
ܽ˿⼸Ƭһ˵ģҲߵķboss˵ģγգգ˵:壬ĵ⼸Ƭܺÿء
귢Ůĺϲ⼸Ƭüͷǰյ˵:ƬһǮҶˡ
ҲûûǮøˡȷʵͻˣ͵ǵˡٷ翴ΧԼļ±ڣûӿһ˵Ƭ
أĵõļŰúõĵƬôûˣ
΢৵дһʮ֧Ʊ۳⳥ǮʣµģǸշá
ٷҲûҪܾ˵⳥ҲӦ⳥ǲŶԣôܻҪ˵Ǯأ
ܽЦЦЦ˵:ллƬĵĺܺÿ
ٷоԼ˲䱻Цݸˣպ˺죬ֽŲ֪Ķţ˼˵:ССְֳıͺܺÿ
˵仰ɲǺƭСӵģٷұ֤˾ֵߵһԸŮ
һԵ꿴ǮռԼŮʱ䲻Ͻߵˣɫѿˡ
ԼұŮԱߣ̫³ˣԼŮļһˡ
ٷְֵߣ彩Ӳһ£ҲʶԼӦǵŮ԰ˣʶȤظϽҸ뿪ˡ
ǸܰƬڷ𣿡̧ܽһ˫ˮӿ
Ƭ⼸Ƭ˵ĺӰա
ֱܽű˻ߵСޣǣ֣͹ͼرܰá
ϲƬĸо
ãְ֣Ůļңôöԡ
ŮԼйҸƬҪѯԽΣΪʲôû㷢ĴڣΪʲôûӻؼҡ
ҲǵҸеİԼְָеİϵ衣
ԺԸһֱҰְ𣿡ܽҧҧ촽ٿеš
ܽ룬һְֵĻôҲӦþİɡȥԺóԵģһ棬һֱ
ʶ˵ʲô֮㶣ʱϲʤ:ҵȻԸ⡣ԺʲôԶҵŮ
ְ֡ܽһѱסغһ䡣
Ժڿһ
һа֮õİְ֣ۿͻȻЩʪ
ߣְ:ŮԸҰְˣ

005

ŮǰûԼһ쾹ȻΪһ䡰ְ֡ӡ
ܽͬʮָˣΪӽ쿪ʼҲһаְֵˣ(/RQ/)
ҲȥĽСˡ
СԴ󣬴ʱİܽѾҪȥ¥顣
Ůص굱ȻúȥôΣյĿ԰ĹԱҲСȥģŮԼˣҲûȥѡ
Ȱ齱С޷Żصϣһ磬ŮӦҲ˶ˣ԰ߵһҲ
Ҳ˼ҳˣ԰ϣҲ͹ݵƼָǡͬʱעǼصļʽ
غͷȷϺСܳԵʳȻòȥµ
ܽڰְֵ˵ʱչȥ͵һ۲˵һ˺öóԵġ
ʶֵģѧϰǿʶֵĻҲܿöдС˵
Ҫ֪ܽ˸˴ȥˣƽϲһǿС˵ˣ
ǸֺŹѪС˵·飬ÿÿðֻܽת˽Ŀɿڴģֱ̾ԭĸôӶ䡣
һŮڳܣһ˾ͱһ
ڵȲʱܽڸ߸ߵϣζԼСѾ
ǿһԼ˫ľ룬ֿһӵ¶ŲĴȡ
ְø߰
ܽʶԼжఫ
ְ֣Էܳ𣿡ܽʵ
:Ȼԡ
ԺҲҪúһôߡֿܽŵıȻһ¡
֪Уͬһ˹ϵþҪһ
ʧЦ:úúãǰְ־͵Ǽóߡ
СķԳ˷ЦɣȻˣΪϸ׵ڿԼŮʱԴ˾⻷ôôúá
Сǰੲݣһޱ߿ˣﻹһֱĵظ͡
˼ҵСҹŮɰ
Ĳ˶һʼûϼڣһֱ뷽跨ͶιŮԵĸˣҲˣȵӳԵĲˣԼһ˶ԡ
ܽеӣŬһϺͼŪΪմһ࣬ӵĶ̫ôҲɹˡ
ƫͷȵĿ⿴һԵְ֡
궢ŮһϺʷĳ棬õЦЦеĿһУǿϺʾͽ
ְֺ
ܽڳϺʣؾ׽ţСɷǿɰ
ͷǵĽ֭ɾ
ڸŮʱ̣һͻȻͲķִ
ԲʵǶԲȥøɾëɡ
վŮɲģɤ:ɾˣ֪׶Ǯ𣿹ƶ¾ǰҲһɣ
ƷŮһλ˵Ǹһ仰Ҷ˵
ȥǲľйҪͶ㡣һƵŮԾûŹСİˮԼϵķָʹ˵
ˣҪͶңĺҪݹŮ˵
ҪôھʮҪôҾͶ㣡
ü΢΢𣬱ûʲôϵλŮЩ˵ʵںԼҵĺԻ
԰Ҳ̫𱬣ǰ¶ᣬҲźڴ
ǹȥһ¡ñڹȥֹ˼ȥ
շԸȥͷŮͻȻͣ˳ԷĶһֱڶһ˿
ܽȫǱǸͷϵĵɫŸסģһڻɫУͷϵɫʮۡ
һգգضǸԼİ̡
ǿˡ
˵ټGͺϵְֵɷһټ
ߣ*ȻһƪŹѪС˵˵Сûϵѽ(/RQ/)Ůܽһֱߵ

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ܸܽоһ޵Ҫ
ת˽һֱܷӦ
Ϊת˽𣬰ܸܽЩˣͬʱҲ᲻ҪЩǿࡣ
ϾһֱߣתҲкܴİûԸܾܸôҲһġ
ܽһͷɫŵỊֿ̇һۺɫŵְ֣ջûκζ
һԭ
ȻҪﷴbossɷǵ񣬾Ͳȥӽһࡣ
˵ˣõְֺһİȽϣ˭ԼҪǷֵġ
ãôˣĵʵ
û¡ܽҡҡͷջߣٿǸ̡
ŬԼһɫ˶ת˽
ܽͻСԲŻеƲԼıܷӦӰҲǺֻܴҪȥעͺˡ
һȥǼıҲˡ
Ѿ˳صõ˽һʼǸŮ˻һĵ̬ıǵ֮̾ˣҲҪ⳥۸ˡ
ˣܣǸŮ˵л
䵭˵:ˡ
һ˵ˣñȥȫΪԼұŮûҪõһʲôл
ܽ극԰һ˺üĿлߵĦ֡浽˵ʱ򣬿ԸsС
ܽĺܿģгк棬ֱе
뿪԰ʱͷϻһͷΡ信ʵٺͯͷΣ練
ͷǰܽԸϵġԼҲһһģһģֻǿʽвͬѡ
ʱŮһ˫ˮ۾ע£оܾĵȻǺԥشӦˡ
ܣˡ
ƳһԱλϵŮꡱһԼСһ㣬ҪѺӸˡŮ԰úܾˣһ춼ֱģҲѹֻ۵ֱڳ˯˹ȥ
򿪳ţߵһߣСرź˳
˯ú죬һССһţǾһЩԴϲ˲䡣
˼֣Ů¥ϷĹϣĵظǺñӣһж׵󣬲ŹϷ뿪
壬͵ʱƳ٣ٺһԡˣӶ̶̫ɹ˺ܳʱ䣬ҵеԴŮ飬ǱȶԼҪĵöࡣ
ԸЩüģɳϺһȲ衣
һߣҲϽ׼ȫ˹ȥ
ܣҪǸŮ˵ȫϡ
ӹмҳֽϣһĿʮУʱͰŮΪϣСѧѧҵȫһһʮؿˡ
˵պñλˣɣ취£Ǹ˫ʡ괦˵ɾ䡣
ʵ̫ϲǰ޳мƵŮˣֻҪŮˣһ˶˵Ҳ
ؼܵķԸͬʱְһҪϵ˹ȥܣǸСҵļ׶԰ϣǰҪҵģȫsһ׶԰ȫԺʦбϡ
εϣ꿴þϸˡ
ŮĽͷȴ£ûʱʱ̿ںߣԸһõ׶԰ԵøҪˡ
ڸȨ֮£ѡһѧУ
ʡʦʵ׶԰                        
ߣ*ǵŮܽҪȥѧ

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С㣬áؿԼλŮˣ̬º
ԭ׼ȥһҲԵĳȻͻȻ˴绰ԼĿȹϻЩɻ;ִ:
ص˵ͷ:ǵģС㣬Ͽļĵ绰
ȻոձһҲˣȷʵżҹʱ
α˵ԭ˵ҲʮֿЦơ磬ͬһŮ˵ԼһֵüȻڴҰæһѰҶʱȴ˶ʧһȻȫطĹ
ȻȻڳ֮ǰûνôȥ͵˵ĶֱӷԼ
ȻûлɹݺԼ˭ŮԱĸûмأȷʵԼĹҵģôǻ³Ҳ˵
ȻΪƷеĲشˣҲʧȥһ֮׵Ĺ
԰ǼҲȻÿ˶ҲۣܶҪæҹȴ߳һǧ飬ټÿµĽٶǧҡݹÿܴ¸Ǯȥ׳֮ǰǷµծͻȻʧȥ˲ݹ֪µծôźˡ
ҲԼʵ⣬ֱӿżɽ:С㣬ҿϣǰʡʦѧѧɣ
۾ϵЦǡôȻ֪СΪʲôڻһҪҵʱѡͻȻѧҲ㵱ʱУɼѧȫ꼶һÿ궼ýѧһƷѧŵѧ
С㻹ᣬŶʮֿ꣬Ϲƴѧ϶һӶڲ򹤵ɣ
̸ͶĴѧȻϵıͻȻЩ̫Ȼ
ûԼļдԼʡʦѧѧΪԭûõҵ֤ȥҲֻʺúõΪʲôҪѧ
ղ˵Щ飬ô֪ģȻʵ
ڴ绰ϵ֮ǰҶһ顣ϾҪȷϳСǷϣҸṩݹҪ󡣡
Ȼɫʵ:ôĹʲô
:ϰиӣһСŮҪһҽʦҾóСӦܹʤְ񡣡
⣬Ȼ˵һҵ֤ûõˣ˾شʡʦѧҵʦδʸܱܿϸıŮҽʦǣ˭һźСĸмƵء
ظ֪ûŮҹ̫ʱ䡣ֻСոձӻع־ɥĸıʹССҪһʱһ㣬ٹ£СѾܽʱҽҲͿ˳ˡ
һݺͬ߼ҽ̵ĹһǻƼȥѧУﵱʦϴѧʱ롣룬ݴڳС˵Ӧúܲ˰ɡ
ݹֹǲ
ֻǵСŮļҽ̣ôõһȻҪ˵һҲĶǾԲܵġ
ǰڸ꺢ӵǶʱĻججģֱծ׷ţȥǰǷ˼ʮĻʱȻȻʹ飬ʼ׬Ǯծ
ȻЩsи˾ƵƵڡΪûдѧƾʡʦѧ׼߲ڷֲҪʲôƾĹҲҲõĹˡ
ܸܲʱٿһ£
ȻѧǺѧʦרҵרҵĴѧҵһ㶼ڸСѧﵱοʦ
ȥ˼һ꺢ӵҽ̣ӦʦרҵҵʦӶԿڲŶԡ֪Ӧκһĺദ
ȻûиɹҲԼʤݹӶ˱˼ҵС
һСŮͣ뵽ԼǸزĺӡ
ĺڳһûȥĻҲӦ˰ɡ
еԥ⣬治ɫ˵:Ȼû⡣ҵƬСҪıˣʱ绰ңݹġ
Ȼһм :ʵ̫ллˡ
Լûй˵ͻȻֶԣͬѩ̿οݹĴôãղȴû̴ӦҲûԼǲʶô
==
ܼүүϺð
ܽСϸ¥ݵʱ򣬷ֿڸˮĹܼүү⣬һžƺɫµİˡ
ֻܽ򽻵С𲢲ּİҲ£ֻһʵ:ܼүү˭
λǺСһ𳤴ĺѣСͺá
ܼң˵ˡһ˫һ΢΢٣úƭСӵ˵:Сãǧģʲô壬мһô˧Ƚһ
μŮôƯ͸ŴƵģ̲סҪŪһ
һԵİܽͷطʵ:ҽ磬ǲӦýҰְΪأ
ΪСӺ۸ȴ߼ܵ:
ԲۣڵСѶôú𣿣                        
ߣ*:СƭϢ.jpg

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һ뵽ԼһΪʱĳ棬β˸
̫ˡ
Եһ˵:Сãղź㿪Цģǧ档
ˣɡ
⺢ӲŮӿģʵһҲúơ
ôҲû뵽깤񣬶ѹ˾ɼҵĺͻȻһŮҲ˳µسΪСŮ塣
ò˵ָоͦʵġ
һµĲߣͷһ׸磬Լʹǲ飬Ҳܸĸһ߶ϾҲһͬûĸﶥţûʲô̫ѹ
ܸܽоõȥ̫׵壬ֳĶϲ֮:壬ǹҰְֵ𣿽Ҫȥϰ࣬綼ڼңȥ˾ϵʱ
ǹ⻬ϸСЦе˵:ǵŶרŹСġ
ԼģܽһϽԱߵɳãȻߵǰһˮĶ棬˵:壬˵ɣʲô£
αһӸȵˣûȤˣôһôɰŮģ
ֱ
ģְָ˸׶԰ȴȥϤһ»
ǸСѾȥѧ
񶼻ǵãԼһҪȥ׶԰ʱǿźŲȥֱһʱ䣬׶԰СǶˣŸΪÿ춼׶԰Ըؼҡ
ľԤϵõСϢһ˵ıˡ
˭֪СŮһҲûſޣק䣬ü䣬رˣ
׶԰ܽһ˷ܵ壬ǽȥ𣿣
ܽϲ֣ȥ׶԰ͱСһ棬˵ֻһ(/RQ/)
棿ӦôеĲһ
ξԼʹˣȻⲻСӵԻ·
ܼңСҾʹˣʱٸͻ
ǵģûνǱɹʱֵ̰ġ
ڴ飬ԭǾܾġ
һͻ޵СӴ򽻵ʵڲóġóһֱǺƯŮԼֿӰǴһСŮҼҡ
ʵ֤ı㡣
Ŵһ棬εоЩĽһһŮ
ңѾ濼ǣǰСӴٴȥԼŮĿˡ
ţСôؼң϶һٸ⡣˼ϲľŮˣǰ컹ڼһֱֵ߶˭ԸһŮϣרڼҸǴӡ
ԼԺĺӣСһ˿ɰҲһ޷ܵ顣
ܽȲҪȥ׶԰棬֮ǰȻһСȹӡ
壬ٵʮ¥ȥһ·
ܽһֻС𾫣ʲôʱ򣬳һҪƯƯС
ǰֽ̰ɫЦ:ȻԣСã費ҪȥһѡŴ·
ܽɵؿһ̵ۣĴ磬ԥһ¡
壬ˣԼԵģ
˵꣬ܽСȣС¥ں׷һ
μˣʲô׵ģһСŮˣǳ˳飬طʵ:СʲôҵĴƷζѵ𣿡
СӦǾá·е̫ˡһԵܼشĻ롣
ܶʱСӺʹ˵ǲһġǾϲ򵥵ģԽԽá
ĺãʲһһ˵еɱط
εͷһԼĽַӻ:СѾͷʲô·߳ȥַԵǧŮòã
˵ʱеĴôѿ𣿣һСŮϡ                        
ߣ*һ졫
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εĳѵóһСʮŮӣ׼ȷ˵ӦǴûй
ΪиСԼϣĳҲ쭵̫죬˲·ϣһֱʮٶʻš
ֱСʱ˲̵ʡʦʵ׶԰Уſڡ
ѧҳܽ׶԰ʲôȷѧɣֱӴ绰ӵİʦҺȲϴүһ߲Ūϵһе˵
´үҰΣǹġ
εĸԬʡʦʵ׶԰԰˿ʮˡҲΪʲôԼûգȴŹŮϤһ»ԭڡ
˱Ҳġ
´үԣ̧һҲϳˣЦ:ԭСһΪĳѧļҳأҲ֪׶԰һֱй涨ƽʱѧҳ׶԰ġ
ˣôԬ԰ˣһôСĺӣСüĿģ˲ע⵽ѡ
´үô˵΢΢ӣһߵСһԼ߿˵㣬Ц˵:ô´үѵĲʵɣСŮ
§סİܽգգһ˫ԴãԼΪʲôͻȻŮ
´үԿ״ֺ߳Ǻǵ˵:СͱүˣүȻʹˣ۾ɻʹúأ⺢ӳĶˮ鰡ҿŻ㲻̫񡣡
ǰԬ԰ʱ򣬻Ľʦҵĺһ˫̥˵ǸҲüӶϽϱŮһµ̵Ŀ֡
ҪС⺢ʲôʱһŮԬ԰Ǹֱˬӣͷ˾˵ˣôס
:
ү˼ѵ˵ҳ̫ˣ
´үŮҲŮòãȥҲûʲô𡭡ν˵Ĵܵ˺
һԵİܽŴ򿪣ʮò˵:үүãҹ׶԰ģ鷳ˡ
鷳鷳
ܽúÿֻ˵˵û仰Ĺ򣬾Ͱѳ´үһЦĶӡ˼һˣ׶԰շһǣҲȫ͸ˡ
һֱӵ:ιүôҲҰɣһվأ
˵СûԵļһĺȴôܻӭأôһ˧СվԱߣһСŮеһڸжûУС´үûԽԽԼĸˡ
ʡʦʵ׶԰һƯС¥С¥ǽϻŸʽĿͨǽֽЩǶƬĽɫСǵϲ
С¥Ҳ׶԰СϿεĵط
δߵλɰСѻӱҵĳ´ү·һûпͨǽֽ¥ڣҵ԰칫ңֱ˽ȥ
裬ҴСˣ
Сˣǵһμ棬ܲʶҡ׶԰԰ԺԽԬ̡ǰ۵СŮԬǴȰ
ҺкҲǴСһģϵǳֵһ㡣ӵԬҲ֪ļ֮һ
Ԭ̡֪ܽҲ֮󣬳Цһ£ǳǳɷǿɰ
ԬЦݸˣиϲƳһԼҶΣ߶:㿴˼ҽ꣬㻹ҪС£ŮԶɰٿֵһضʮͷˣ鶼ûᣬŮҲҴһ
Ҷ֪˵ֵЩʲôźãӣҿҸݲ𣿷ǵҸɵʮ꣡
ҵ谡һֱԺϲģ׶԰԰Ĺ𣿣ǰΪסԺ£ҽûؼҺҲҪúϢֵԲǰݣԼ˵ʲôϵģȴɴ߻飬̫𣿣
Щﻰ򲻸˼ǰ˵ġÿͷ۵ģǼĸЩйڽӵĻ⡣
Ͻתƻ⣬עԼߵСϣ裬㿴СһСӻأܲ΢һӣҵЩˡ
˵ӣԬȻܿԼҲʡĵı˶ӣר־غС
ԬһЩ⣬䣬ȤõȵȣҪΪ˼򵥵˽һ
ʵ׶԰ѧ󲿷ֶʡʦѧĽ̹ӵܡΪչ˴ѧĽְԱԿѧʱһֱҪʡ׶԰硣ڲžѮȴѾѧˡ
СýŸ꣬ͣڿ϶ȰСࡣܸܲϰ༶⣬ҲûʲôرĵģϾ׶԰עصͷӵ츳˫ѧ㣬Ҫȵ׶԰ʱŻῪʼ漰ͽϵͳѧϰ
˽̸ĹУԬһҲӳ´߼ÿλشʱһֱؿ۾
˶ܿóһֽܺõĺӡ
ạ̃ϲϲ׶԰Ԭʵ
ܽ˵ͷ˵:ϲ
ϲطĻҲϲˣ˵ղżүүԼλ԰̡
ܽ˵ϣܸоŨŨ⡣
==
ܽһ˴Ϸһ顣
壬Ԭڸ̸顣ΪģԾˡ
ʵϷҰڷŵĺܶߣ涼У԰ܽ²ߡ
һ˴ϲһ
ڰ֮ܽʣͻȻע⵽һӰе棬ԥһ£˹ȥԱߵİϣȴʵ:ڸʲôѽ
ԭվڲԶĴСкͻһæûվˤϡ
ҪܣתͷȥղԼģһһСŮʱ˵㲻϶ôá
ڴԽЩ̬ܽ࣬ȶѺãҲͷһԼִࡣ
ǲ˵ղŵˣ
ܽҷʡǸ:ԲҸղŲǹġ
û˵
ܸܽоƺ̫ϲԼ̲סһ:͵͵ܳȥүүᰤġ
ղŵľٶӦ׶԰Χǽڵķ߹ȥ
ܽôҲС˵ڵ龳²⣬ӦþǴ˵еӿ˰ɡ
û뵽͵СŮȻ֪ԼҪȥʲôһ˿ţװͰ͵˵:Ҹ㰡͵ûҪǸ˵ȥҾ͡Ҿ͡
ܽûѻ˵꣬ڰ׷תת漴ۿһ죬һƾͿҪ޳ı顣
СС͵Ļƣ׶԰ЩСŮʲô鶼ֱ۵شޣ˶ۣͨ᲻ͷܵʦְ¹ֵͷϡ
ڣǰһҪ޲޵ӣģ֪Ӧôźˡ
㡢ްܱһֱţбŤˣֻƹˤ:ˣˣҴӦ㲻͵͵ܳȥ˻𣿣ˡ
ܽ״Сֲ˲۽ǲڵ飬õЦЦͬʱһСĴָ˵:
ܱһϵж㶣ûٱΪзӦ
ܽһؿԼӦգգһ˫ˮ峺ӣƲƲ죬ɻʵ:Ǵ˵Ͳ𣿡
ᱻ˿ˣοһµСŮŲӷ:˭˵ģ
ܽһС˵Ŀ:Ӻɷ˵Ҫ㻰Ŷ
òУΪԸذ˹ȥСĴָһġ                        
ߣ*ӵĴ꣨Ǵʼ(/RQ/)

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ϵһ겻䣬˭˭С
ͰܽЦӯӯıԱȵģǻһšҲˣǧҡĿС
СкüĿ㣬һ˫۾ںڷԡ
˵ӿεѧǹԺӣǲӿεģ㿴òãҲҪˣ˵㻰ķϣǡ
ܽﵽԼĿģɹȰһͬСѲҪȥӿΣڵ黹㲻ǴŵСŴǣϡ
Ǳһɫֽţмֺģ⿴žһҪֽȥ.
ȻܶԼƷüͷ˵:ǻ᳤ġ
ܽ΢ЩĿǣ˵ƲƲ죬С⣬ĳϣ˵:Ȼ㲻ԵĻͰѸղҸǼǶǧ˷ˡ
ЩǸղŵүүܽģʳСбôһ᲻ðָˡ
ԭүү׶԰һǶģǰܽԼȫƺ̫ãҲû¡ǻʢȴ֮£ץһСǣŽԼЯС
ղŴӰǵʱϸһֻŴǡ
ܽǿСûӿθүү鷳ķϣһָһġƽʱһšţٶˣc(RQ)ٶ
죬ϽеĴ˻ȥʮֱŤ˵:ͳȥĶջȥĵңֻ˵˻᳤û˵ԡ
ܽҲȥղŵĿķǣԼͳһǣذһֽͷװ
ڵһ˲䣬̵ζһӻõ۾ǳ㡣
һɫֽ۵ƱܺãŽЯС
úǲҶġ
ܿһ˳ԵúܿĵӣԥƬ̣ҲֽȥһŴǡ
šζȻ
ܴСദʱˣԼˣǱӶ˺͹ܼҡô˵ڽ֮ܽǰû˻վһƽȵλ͸ǹ
Ǹղڵһζ̫ûܵҲһӱ˲٣Ŷ˵ĳ֣׶԰ӳȥ£ƺҲûиղôˡ
׶԰ϷҵĴ⣬һС£վطͺվСϵİܽ߿ȥࡣ
Сôһ̸ཻ̨
ΪʲôҪӿѽǴ׶԰ﲻ𣿡ܽһʵһκͬ˽нС𣬻ʮΪʲô֪С̶ʲôһĵط
׶԰ôСѺʦȴֻԼһ棬ôҲ׶԰ҪЩԵİܽ벻СΪʲôҪӿΡ
˵û׶԰ȷʵͦĵġⲢǻҪϿʱӳȥɡ
˲ϲ˵ѣֻ֧֧˵:ӿεľԭҲܸ㣬ΪһҪҪ飬Ҫȥġ
ܽҲ־ʲôһ˼˵:ԵȵѧʱȥѽѧٳȥͲӿˣҲүү
ʹ΢΢Щʧ䣬˵:ǲȥġÿ׶԰ѧͷѧҪʲô󶼻һȺڴ粽ظԼûлȥ衣
ܽվڴ̨ϣֳ°ͣһ˵:ôӿεΪǲԵġ
ûзĻųĬ
ˣǲӦøϽصˣԬ̸̺껰֮ͻңҪǱǷܾҪˡ
˵꣬ܽ뵽ʲôգգ۾Ƥ˵:Уİɣһ㱣ܵġ
ܵͷһֱϵʱ䣬֪ԼȷʵӦûؽˣ׶԰ʦǷС´Ҫ͵͵ܳûôˡ
뿪֮ǰ̲סʵ:ʲô֣ǰôû׶԰㡣
ʡʦʵ׶԰Ҳд£ȻȷԼЩû׶԰
еС綼ȥʳóԷ׶԰ѧ
ܽ˵Ͳְ࣬ѧĴ㣬˵ԺпܻͬͬѧҲ㲻ʲôİˣӦÿԸԼ֡
ҽá
Ϊ֪ԼӦôдܽץ֣Ĵذдһ顣
ܽȻ룬ҲʶֵġĬĬֵĶдͬʱҲԼ:ҽлܣ׶԰Сѧ
ѧղŵĶԼֵд
ָܽͱëһ㣬һʱûסЦ
ڻѧԺһټģ´μԱĺóԵġ֪ܽУһ֣µؽ֣ǾǺˡ
ת뿪Ļ仰оȻ˼ڴ
ΪСŮһ໵ĴޣζĴǰɡ

ԭѵģСȥ׶԰һȦͰͻȥǣҿжôɰ͸ı⡣
СãȻȥһĵط
СһմmӻǰֺһǸæģ϶кܶطûȥ
ܽɵλϣҲܸӵظһ:壬˵ʲôĵط
Ȼᵽ˵ط֪ˡ
һ·ʻ̳ڵͣͣóߵ˸ñƯСȹӡ
Ů䡫
γŮ֮УǴŰܽȥһٴͣȻִȥӳĶӰŮı޻
˻صҵʱɫѾˡ
ְ֣ܽڿɳˣ˷ܵС˹ȥһѱס
һߣյߵӣ룬ǴҹŮôһСȦ﷢һźСǣֵƬһŮҪﶪȥļ𣿣                        
ߣ*Ļboy:ԼûŮô죿ûϵ˼ҵŮ(/RQ/)

011

鷿
һдһ˿:ȰѽȦ﷢Ƭɾˡ
ξ֪ŮǹʵģС:зִģûŮ¶ңҲ룬ƬôҲ˱ȽϳԿòãҵȦкܶ൥ƯãһźӵƬöҶһ
Ȼô˵ζȺһȦúõҫһҹŮоǱʾġ
ٸһλᣬҲǻôĹ
ϻ㵽ɾǲɾ 
ںԽѿɫ£ˣһóֻһ߿ʼƣͼ֮׵Ȧ
˵ˣôĽ飬ŮǲҵŮôҲʸСõĸɵɡ
ੲݣһ޶ԣ䵭˵:˵һ㣬ҵŮûаëǮϵΣҲûҪ㵱ɵ뷨һԺٴˡߣŮŶûУбԼȥһ
Ρ
ԲۣҪҪô飡ôҲʮĽˣ
ǰôûһôСˣ
ǽѲѲ
֪ˣ緢ȦʱӦεСġ
β鲻ԸذȦһźСǣһƬɾˡƬҲһɾ֮ǰϽԼֻػŽ˿ڴ
̵ţôҶװֵȦұŮƬĳֽǶ˵˶ΪҶһŮ
ȻҲºġɥĲ񡱵ֱֵֻزϽתƻ⣬:ҽСȥʡʦʵ׶԰趼˵ˣ˵СһܴĺӣúԺһԳΪҶ֮ŵġ
궢ȲֻĶ΢˺һŴջߣ˵:ֻϣܹƽƽسͺãһӿǡ
ԺܲܳΪҶܲʲôΪһҲȥǿ꿴ӵĿֲҪġ
С˳ôɰүһᱣġһ뵽ССС;ûߣεоûţ۲ѡ
ȻΪĳ˵СûӵСøɵ֡ǣǴĵϲӵģԼŮһԴ
==
һشĳȻӶ˵Ĵ£߽ǰһı
˵Ǳ˵ׯ԰ĸΪ׼ȷ
Ļ԰ֵǶһЩ󻨻ܣܹϵóƷ֣һ˵ҲҪʮҡ˵ЩûĻܣ
ڼƲ֮ǰȻҲֻһССĳŮѡסⶰ˼ұȽ㲻ϡ
ǳСɣҵĹܼңԺԽ塣һԵܼӭ˹Ц˵
Ȼ:á
ܼƵЦЦñӶ˸ȲͲ㡣
ȻĻ£Ȼ˶̫һˮ̲סʵ:壬ǹСŮϿεģҽ̿ʲôʱԿʼ
ʵȻҲ֪ӦýһСŮʲôһֱرΣŬԼԵݸн
ĺҪݹ죬ҪծˡͶȥλһֱûѶǳһԭҲֻȽݹ
ܼҿһʱ:СԵƬ̣ǼСϾˡ
䣬һɫСȹӵСŮʹ¥
ȻСŮ۵ӣܾе죬ǰƺʲôط
㣿͵ײ飬ȵغ
ܽգգںڷӣҲϳ˭
ˡǸԭĸмƣԭһֱճŲţҪԼŮ
Ϊת˽İܽһ۾ע⵽ģͷϵһŵɫš
Ȼһ뵽ԭС˵зboss³ԭȻ֮İܽЩסˡ                        
ߣ*ĲԭŮְС˵лΪԭģŮȥйء

012

С㣬ļҽʦʦԺÿĩ㡣
ڸտλҽʦĳʱܼҲͬȵúܡϾ˵üۺͷķƣԶէһʱΪȥķ˻ˡ
ܽˮ峺Ӷǰ̣ҧҧ촽о졣
ԭС˵УΪŮԷײʹķboss漴ֲĳʵΪҪҳĻ֣֮Է
ȻڵĹУ˽󵼣ΪһʵȥģΪľǳԼ֡
ɥŮ֮ʹѾõʱʧȥǣԺڹϻϣŮԣ߻ŮĺӣҪвһһ
֪С˵ôܶùǹ⻷ŮһУһͿأͽ
ܽҲڴԽ֪ϵĺ˺ͻˣܼ򵥵һɫС˵еĶλжϡ
˵ɴbossְ־һˡ
ŮҲʲô˰
ְֱöǺ֮ǣʹɱ֣ҲֻΪԱŷģ˫ԹԽԽŵһĵز
СָܽؽţἫˡӵְ³ҵŮҲ֪Ӧôźá
˼ȥᣬǲҪϲŮˣc(RQ)
ܽսСȭͷ¶һҪػ۰õְ֣
ְ°صңȥԼҪʲôҽ̣ԭĸмƵİ̸Ͻ뿪
Ļ˵Ϳ԰ְֱܿһξ飬˳С˵еˣҪٴγΪʲôɣǿŮԡ
˵˺ͬĸһֱõδ˾ͺã˺õҲδؾһ˳ǹ⻷ˣһּΪĴڣ˼֮ǰǲ׻ܵġ
ܽһֻת˽ڵֻʱıһ˵˴ˡλǰеת˽Ըıһ˵˺
ܽϣԼгһҲһ㣬ְָıɷǵ񣬰ѷɵˣٳܹ¿һĽ֡
Сãܸܲ߳ʦʲôְ
磬СŮͻȻܹԼʱȻҪ˵һ㴥ûУǾԲܵġ
ҪһСŮʧȥǸһӤιʵĺӲûֻһ֪ĵطš
Ȼ뵽Ǹҽʿ֪ճûϢĺӣ͵һʹ
ӵزԶҲ޷ȴʹ׸ծ¥в֪ٵİˣҰһʱաֱڣԼôȹһʱġ
شʦ⣬ǲе㲻̫òG
ܽ뵱һòĺúӣŴ˵:ҽá
ǰСŮСװ׾ģ۾峺źͯĴ档
ȻȻǣסСӵ֣:ãһܺء
ͻȻסֵһ˲䣬ܽоһůݹĴεůģ
ѵǽӴǿ֮˻еķӦ𣿻ΪŮǹ⻷
ܽͲ֮٣Ժܶһ֪ĳ̶ȣʱƴ죬վֻһĺӡ
벻ô£һʱ֮ҲûȥסԼֱ֣ܼүү˵Ҫʦ¥ʱ̧һ˫ˮĴ۾εʵ
ʦܱһ𣿡                        
ߣ*ܽ:Ϊְc(RQ)

013

ܽȥһ³ʦͬʱϴůҲԽԽ̲࣬ס۾
ܽĬʱ䣬ɿ̧֣ͷһȴϵĵɫŲûзԵı仯Чͺ͵ְһġ
ܽǵãǰŮֵ͵ġǿȴر𲻺õ͡
ͷϵɫǿˣǣӲĳ̶һҲɷְ֣Ҳֿ˸ĸ͡
ǰת۵ϣᾭоòõ飬ƲǷծ¥ճĺӱ֪رˣʧ
ʵİܽҲ̵ľܲҺܲҡΪΪbossְֺһŮˣ룬ԼӦû취
Ӹ˵ͬһ㣬ȻڱСŮסʱЩΪĴƣж˲ࡣ
һԵܼҿһһСӵһĳ棬ĵ̾һ
ˣҲøࡣһ˿һĻ̲ס۹ֶµСΪʲôô࣬СС;ûĸס
==
ã㿴һʦд⼸㶼ʶ𣿡ȻԼдõ˵
̯İֽдĶһЩܼ򵥵ĺ֣ʻ١
ܽؾصϣ˷ܵص˵ͷЩʶG
ţȻֿһЩ֪ʶܽϲ˸ϿεĸоҲûʲô׾ʶ֪ľͻͷľҡͷ
Ȼһ԰ԸеľӱеĴ̫ˡҲǣӲĻҲ⻧˼Ҳ뵽ʦרҵʦҽˡ
ԭΪҽֻ㺢ģһȾ̫Լʵ̫Ҫһݹ׬ǮˣҲ
񿴵СŮʶ֣ļֱһСܶСѧĺӶδʶֶ࣬Ȼһ
Եѧ򣬽СһһЩõĶˡ
˵СѧѧĹʫ֮ģڿóȵһҪɵöࡣ
ڷһһĸżӶ˽Щ̺Ȳ衣ܽȻŮһÿѧĺ棬һҲûвͷ
ʱȻֻͻȻһʾֻ֣ͣ˽ΣߵԱȥͨ˵绰
ϵĹѾõİܽᣬŲӸԼιһкõƻ׽ʱһһĵģֻ͵ԵС
ȻΪСЩӵ绰ʱҲûߵ̫ԶȻܽ˵һҲ˸˾Ųʮ
桭ǳʦļˣھӷͽҽԺ
ܽСȸմԽʱһգʹ֪ʲô
ȻС̽ҽԺϢͫ׽һ£Ե绰ͷż˵:ھ͹
СַˣڱͽҽԺ
ǣߵĹûн
Ȼƽ飬ߵѧߣһǸ˵:ʦͻȻҪ뿪첻ټϿˣʦղŽЩúõظϰһ飬ʦĹΡ
ܽ:ʦһ£жҪ㡣
ܽѭż䣬СܵߵĹԣѷͷĺӸذ˳
Ȼļ٣ȲҪȥҽԺȴѧһпӲԼ
ʦ㡣֪ܽῴҪǮģǰ࣬񡭡ûǮ
ԭС˵Ůÿ춼ҪüݹÿµĹڸȥĸ׻ծ֮󣬾ûʣǮˡ
ܽ߼ܼ򵥣ûǮͲܿûκá
Ȼܽٶ𾪵ˣ˺һŷӦϽѸյֵп˻ȥ
ãʦҪĿúպáУԺǵǧٰпóİ˿֪֪ȻӾôǣҲܻȥҪһ꺢ӵǮ
ǳʦ㲻ʲôİ˰ֿﻹкܶģܽͷһа˵
СܽǮֶûʲôǮͺһû
Ҳ֪ҽԺһĵطܽǰкܶ඼ҽԺϹССΪ˼ÿҽҩѵĳ٣ǸʱΪûǮֶֻȥЩˣǴһˡ 
Ǯ(/RQ/)
Ȼվԭ㶣ֻСŮ򿪱ŵɫСӣѷпȫһֶֻò¡
ߣ*СŰܽϣ

014

һпĳȻᣬֺЦֵģվǰļҽʦԼһӿôǮ֪ôء
ȻȻ֪Լҽ̵һ˼ңﲻһǮҲû뵽ôǮһĺпȻൽҪһӲװ¡
ЩԾǼгÿѹǮ
ȻȱǮǷǳȱСŮʱиǸжȻһ˼ûС
пȫ˻ȥֿĵذѲƲ¶ĵԼеĵһѧ
пóпӲܸ߱ˣãһЩġ
ʦ֪ˡܽɵղ֮ôΪֱܹ˺ͻˡ
һֻԭת˽𣬲Ų˴أ˾Ӧ֪ͨץ߲Ŷԣ
ǰǻˡ
ܽǮƻʧܣͬʱСĬĬؼһ䣬ǲϲֱӸǮģ´ӦúǰһѺ˷һ(/RQ/)
ܽҪ뿪ĳʦ¥ǡʱҲصУ׼¥ȥ˵
˵ǰ޳мƵŮŪŮҽ˼ŮЩӺò׸׽һЩûٿźҪ裬ҲԼʵ䷴Ůصǰ
ְְְֳ֣֣ܽ־ˣܵǰһѱס
ɷǵ̫ǿתֻܽӴİ취һһؽǱĬĸı䡣
ΪְֵҲǲġ
ֻܽС𣬹سԼͲóܵһС
ȻǰˣЩִ١
䵭ʵ:ʦҪȥڲŵ緹ʱ䣬Լõ°ʱ仹š
ʱӦûڹ˾ᣬĲһİá
Ȼ֪ԼΪ̫ҵ̬ȳϿҵ:ԲҼͻȻ˵㼱£²ܼϼҽ̿ˡ
غͳȻ̸õĹʣǰСʱշѵġ
ںʦͷһŮûзӦңһźŲߣжʱ̧࣬˵:ûϵȻʦм£һü˾ȥġ
ڵıλΣطһѴõ
Ȼи϶ǰһԸŮ֮ˣм:ллˡ
䵭ģ˿:õļҽʦⶼӦõġ
ȻϵסԺļˣҲûкλѧҳȥҴ뿪˱
ˣڵŮʱ࣬ɵرߵŮЦ:ãʦദ첻죿
ܽ밴ԭļƻŮ뿪ת뵽ԭС˵ŮҹлǸߵĺӣʧٴġ
ԡҪô𣿣
ĵİܽԴ˾ἫˣĻָ˿ڣûУʦ˺ܺõġ
ְ֣ܲܶʦǵ㹤ʰ
Ůǵ㹤ʣ㻹ծƶľ顣
ܽԥҪҪŮһʱ䣬ҵԼĺӺְִ
ԣһһ˿ѹסеĲ¼ɣʵ:ã仰ʦ˵𣿡
ȥȻϣȻ֪ȱǮ״
Ҫӹʸ٣ֱӴ󷽷ع̸ΪŮ᲻ͬ⣬ΪʲôҪͬһĺ˵Щ
۾ԼұŮ֪Щ˽Ů˵ģǿ϶Ź˵ġ
ܽҡҡͷʵʵ˵:ְ֣ʦûн˵ЩҸղ͵͵ʦһԴ绰ļҽԺˡ
˽ǰϵ˲º˲٣СԴ:úúãְʲôģְ־͸ʦǹʡ
ĳ˻ӭҲûܹԸĸĹذ
겻ԼĺҲľһԸسŮеġܸõһС
ֻҪ׵һ죬Ͳ۸
ܽסĲӣһڣЦݲ:ְãϲˡ
һӲϲɫĴˣҲŮղŵһ׵е㲻˼ĵůůģЦ:ְҲϲˡ
ŮĵСްŸо塣

ܽÿ϶Ҫְָ˯ǰ¡
콲ǰѩĹ¡
ѩҸֵһʱܽƤѾˣڳ˯ȥ֮ǰΪ˰ҪҪŮ뿪
ְ˵ѩΪŻ߸С˺ӣջҸġ
ܽҲҪһֻСְһõĽ֡                        
ߣ*ӦòˣῼǼӸġ

015

ǰܽһ׶԰ӡ
ƽ˯ĵ˸磬Լһ˴СȹӣûӶ˽æ
꿴Ŷ׶԰³Ѱ˷ܵСһεҡҡͷͬʱϻǼŮϲһ͡
һʼı׾ңڵĵӦ֣ѾüСŮķ͡Щӣæ͵еܲã֪һ˱͵˶ٱ෢ѧƵѧġ
ãĲðְιԷ𣿡
ԴӺͺ˵Ҫȥ׶԰ͿʼҪԼһ˶ֳԷ˵ʲôҲԼְֵĻбӶιԷ
׶԰ѾһˣԼԷܽСȭͷȥһӣ̬Ⱥܼ
Ǻ̰ʧȥÿͶιŮȤŮĵ˵ҪѧԼԼôȥСӵģҲû˵ʲôֻԱһò͡
Ů˳緹ԿŮȥʡʦʵ׶԰
ҸطͣóȻѧһƯƯСŮӳ
ãɾְָڳĵĵڶڴˣˮˮҲµĿֱӺȣҪǺˣǵȥʦ˵ǧҪȥߵĵطʲô˵鷳˵۸ˣȥԬ̡
Դӵ˺Ӹףԭ˺ݻҲɱر߶
˭ұŮŸ꣬ǰСһȺյһİĻȺޱӣֺЩ޷ĳСǸ۸ˣĻġ
кƤĴҲûʲôŮͲһˣ׶԰ֿˣŮеҲ֪Լʲô
Уܽͷ絷⣬ȻָָԼСӺģһ˿Σ˵:֮ǰҪְһڲŶ
ЦЦϵһıŮ
ܽյְֽշݰףֺǺǵЦҲչȥһ£ְֵһڣ֮òֻһߣ˰ְֵһڡ
ʹӻߵرԼķɫСһһſӭӺӵ׶԰ʦ
Ĺҵģһ֪װ˲ٶЩδС׼ʳְ˵öҪѧʹҷſС֮ľ룬ٶȽѡ
˵ѣܽǸҪӿȴȰµСкǴδӦ´˼ʱԺóԵģ(/RQ/)
ŮʦߵĽСӰΪ˸УǰܵŮ뿪Լߵĸо
˸ûгãʱشһ˹㱨:ܣǵĻ黹ʮӾͿʼˣǱҲӦ߸ǵĹ˾Ŷʱ˸ˣҴǻ˻
ջؿ׶԰ߣһ״̬ü䵭:ǰ͵ȥǸ
:ǵģܣˡոջعİţƺ׼ˡ
ڵһȪˮףڲ۸ӣĻعƱػһСķ粨ľԷǼġ
»ҵЩʲôСѡ񰴱̫ðˡ

׶԰СİһŮˣȥʮ͡
ѩԬ԰˵ǰһͬѧؾ͵УſڣСѰɣİʦԺʲôңʦԡ
ʡʦʵ׶԰s׶԰֮һʦҲһġÿ༶˰ŸѧϿεʦ⣬кüλչѧճʦ
ܽܲź׶԰Ԭ̣ԶԴ˵زİֻǰûмԼʦѡ
СѣǸλðɡѩڵڶмĳСкϣ׳׳ԺλͬѧԱˣҪúչͬѧ֪𣿡
׳׳һԲཱུġϲСӣ̨úŮһÿСãЦЦĺʵظ֤:ʦһչ˺ͬѧġ
ܽܿͷ֣Լ½ĺҲְֶʲôҪֱӺʦᣬǧҪ˼Ǵ˵:ʦҺǺѣܲ˵λԱ߰
ѩ㶣ʵ:˵ĺǻС𣿡
ȻѩŽС£ѧӡʮ̡ΪСкļҳû׶԰ÿĶһȺڡ볢źѧҳһ£ȴԬ԰֪⺢ӵ⣬ҪȥЩ
ʱĻܱ۾ſϣأûʲô񡣾ʦ˵ͬѧҲûٷӦ
׶԰İܲ׼ΪʲôҪԼ׶԰ʦ̵ЩŪˡ
͸Ļֱ˽Լʱ۾̨ķһۡ
ţվʦߵͬѧϴǸǵСŮ
õʦİܽλԱߣһ˷ܵ˵:˵һټģ㿴ûƭɡ
ղĺʣ촽û˵ʲô
ͷԼͳһǣǿ˰ܽСϣɰͰ͵˵:㣬ϴεǡǲռ˵ġ
Ӳúܣһںӣһ˫ںڷ۾ʼնԼͬҪյԼǹ֮ķӦ
ܽʱ˿̵úû͹
ϲط֣͸Լǲݮζǵʱ
ϲζG
ܣáܽ½СԻڿһ޲ݮǺ۾Ʋˡ
ǿѹסǵЦݣʮֱŤ˵:ҪϲĻҼﻹкööأʱȫø㡣
ܶôĺӣǰ̲סҪҫ
ʵϻҵӶһֱΪСүǹҲû׼ʳܽ͸ܽһ޲ݮǣԼǮġ
Ϊ˵ټ棬ܾһֱ顣͵͵ǹÿ춼ŽҲκ˰Լıǹ͵ˡ                        
ߣ*ܽ׶԰ĵһ졫

016

׶԰տѧʱͬģҲһСӵŮӡ
ȻǸͬദ˲ʱͱֱܸŪˡ
ǸСŮҪħܲϸװͰ͵ģȻСŮ͵۵شʦһ˺þòźòװ˺ס
ٺѩָܻһСͬС֮ӦþͲٳʲôˡͬڷԼϲСŮѵʦ̴һĲʱʻ͸ܣҪŪ֮˲ûڽ
ʵϣܲҪǷʱʻȫǾ̫ˣְʵʵظǸŮŰŪˡ
ҲΪˣѩСŮ˵ĺǻСѵʱ򣬲Ż¶һʮ־ȵı
СѾһ˶Ըֲ༶кһڣϲشλϣоⰮЦСŮ˸Ӵŵӡ
ܽԼĺѼͬװвݮǵĹӣü䣬ĵֿ˻
Ҳ˺óԵŶܽۺɫӣصشóͷһʳ
ĹҵķɫϿʱ򣬻һֱڵŮ᲻ò
û뵽˽컹Լĵ׵ĸֶôһ㡣
ѧһҪȥ򼸹ǹ͸
˾Ϊͬ
ܽϿεʱ򣬺С󲿷ֵСһǹؾصСϣһ˫ˮһգգضʦһ֪ʵģ
ÿһϿεʦ벻סСѶѣڿҲϲش
˰֮ܽͬ󣬻ܸо׶԰ƺҲûǰôˡ
̲ס͵͵ؿڸʲôħٿѣһڿһӾ͹ȥˡ
==
ʡʦʵ׶԰ĺӣÿ綼ҪѧУʳԷġ
ΪǸСӳԵʳܴ⣬ÿһٶǰشãڱ죬Էʲô⣬ͬʱѧУ¼ÿСѻʳ׶԰ʳõʳƷȫȫԵõϡ
ɰϲ˷ʳİܽܿͳ׶԰Сų輶
ܽ׶԰ϲСѣǸϸ˲ݮǹĻܡ
ԷʱҲҪһ
ְ˵СѲʳܳøߡܽûôĺܲƴСɸӣɵ˵
һҲϲԺܷܲش˴Ĳˣšüͷ˵
ļʳкܲ
ƫƫ׶԰ÿܵһͻֺͺܲйصĲˡ
֣Խ˻СѲ׶԰뷨
ôҲע͵͵ذĺܲȻʳﵽʦһؼ飬ԼҲᡣ뵽һð취˴һѧֻҪÿԼĺܲʹӦ㻨Ǯ汦³ĿƬʮ
ϧǸû׶԰˵ðˣҲ˹ĺܲԵ
ܽô˵Ҳڰ취:㿴òãҳһڣҳһڡ
ʳũ񲮲ҿֳģôԼʳﶼҪꡣ
˵ˣʳﶼôóԣСôܹ˷ʳأ
Ϊ˵С飬еһ׺ܲĺܲ˿˿ڣֻ׽˼¾ȥ
ֱ̫ó(/RQ/)
ȽϸճΪû죬ƷʳСܽСʳĻܾʳܶࡣ
һ˳Եô㣬·ڳʲôرζʳһɫԥһ£ջǲ鲻Ըӣһںܲ
Ҿ֪еģܽרҵˣÿζܿøϡ
꣬е㲻˼ϽʳǿȥŲ˵ǵȻˣҿСӺ
˾һڣҳһڣûһͳˣǳԵܵɫе㲻̫ÿ
ܲȻѳԵʳ
ʦǴ˭ȳķˡԵһʱʳð̻ᰤ飬СѲҪ˷ʳ˳Եĺٶ㡣
ܽ˷ܵؾ֣˵ңҶˣ
ʳùỊ̇ǱҪʶÿСѵġڿܽʱϳ׶԰ͬѧ
Ԭ԰رǶעЩõСѡ
ʳðϲСѰʳԵĸɸɾֺǺǵ˵:óԾͶԵ㣬̱׼ܹŶ
˵ţָһס
ܽʳһЦ:лл̡պûû̫Աأ
ʳðҲ˱ˣɰСŮߵСкҲһס
ԼòײųͻȻֶһ׺ܲίί̧ͷ
ߣ*ĸƳٵ㡫

017

ʮƵسʳðԼһ׺ܲ
ʾһ٣ԺҲ뿴ܲʳˡ
ʱ뷨Ȼ෴ģһԴõİܽԺͰ׵ʳð̺øжmax
׶԰СĿγ̶ǶΣл滭衢ֽ͸ֶͯϷ
һǻ滭Ρ
ǰŵ׳׳תͷ󷽵ذԼϲһײʱʽͬѧ
лл㡣֪ܽл滭ΣûдʱʣֻұСѽ衣
׳׳ǰһʳСŮץץͷһɬ˵:лﻹкܶʱأҪȱʲôҵġ׳׳ǸŮ꣬һֱ׳׳һңȱľǸֻ滭ߡ
ܿһĻϽԼĲʱȫ˳ʾ:ҵģҵĲʱʮɫأĲʱɫö࣡
һԵ׳׳ԣһԲ̫ˣίͰ͵ط:ʱȸСѵġ
ܽϸĥһͬĿ׳׳˵ûGʱȷʵȸҵġ
ںڵתתԴǵ˵:ʦ˵֮ͬҪﻥҲͬӦҵĲʱʲŶԡ
ܽû˵Ҳûеʦղڽ̨ȷʵ˵֮ͬҪ־ˡ
û˽̹ܽӦôһۼ׳׳ֿһǿĻܣüͷӦô찡
Ļʱһ⣬Ĳʱʶ㣬ʱ˭ľ˭ġĲʱɫҪ࣬ʱ϶ҲĲʱʴȽ϶࣡
׳׳˻ԺţһȻҲеǸ߸˵ͬˡ
==
׶԰Сѧʱ䣬ΪСѶǰİܽûУſڿְֱˡ
ѧһ죬׶԰ؼҵǹܼүү
ǡְϴӦ׶԰ҵģʮί˵
ܽıˣװ׾Сϴ˵˵ʧ䣬촽΢š
УŽڻ滭ϸɵĻ
ְܽȥ԰ʱĳǸƬƬڶͱܼүүϴװѺãԼķ
԰ܽҲ뻭һԼֻĻְֵķÿ춼
ܼҿСһ˵ı飬ʱ۲ѣ:ȥ绰ڵʲôطˡ
Сƣ׶԰ȲһʱǲؼˣؼҲҪˣʱֻۡ
Ҳ֪ĹڽûУҪòܸϹ
ԭ׼˵ı뿪׶԰Ļܶ˶٣Ȼֱ˹ȥҲͰܽһԱߵ̨ϵţ˵:Ҳˣһȡ
==
ͬʱ
һߵҲļ٣ʹϲԣȴ޲·ļһϽظÿ
ʲôڸղŵĻϲ˵ƫƫҪʱסҪȥ׶԰ӱŮأ
ȻʶӺӵʱѾ˵ʱ򣬾֪ͨȥ׶԰ˡ
ǣոһͨ绰˵ϸ뿪Ҫȵ߽ȥ
ܴߵôæʲôҪȥ𣿡ѵÿһ²Ųæôżʱ򣬻һͼҴҵߣʲô׷һں棬Ȼùոˡ
˵Цˣ˭涨û¾Ͳ뿪ˣ
ŮͻôСʱ򣬾ͰĴڸ˾֪ЩΪ˾в٣ɲЩһ˿ӡ
ͬʱǰȥ׶԰ŮĻԽûʲôӡˡ
ҺͻȻsһĺţȴһȦġæŽֹ˾æŵүǰҲûжٽĳϼ档
ǽ̳꣬ڹûô˾͸Ӽˡ
ĿһҲԲ£ҹ˾пܻ̲ôûˣ֪ȥֻʵ䷴˫ĹϵýӲ
ĵʼ磬ӣݵλ˳
ȵ뿪󣬺һһ˵ݵĻ̺Ȼʲôͬߵһ:СǲӦ׶԰ϿΣ
ʵǰʹӹ˻ֻһֱڻլţεĿַͬСɣլǼΨ²ҵļһǰ֪عϢԲû̻ȥӡ
ǵģ٣һСү׶԰ƽʱһ㶼ĵҷѧʮ˷֣СүпѾűڷѧؼˡ
˵꣬յٵĿ⣬ֵ:լȥСү׶԰˳·ģҪͰ绰ȥ
һ˼ͬ飬:š
ǰΪһͻĳʧȥ˽ȫ䣬Īضһ˽ӣ˵ｻĳŮѸµģӵĸʱѲˣ¶Ӹճûĸףұ˻š
˭ڷΡٷͣͻȻһӣһʱеܲ˵ġ
ôҲԼѪdna֣Ȼ᲻һ̾иߣҲһôûУүԺҲû¾ʹԼˡ
==
Сү͸Ȼȥɡ
̧ͷ׶԰ļˣǿ˵:˵ʲôҲȥģǾͺһŰɡ
ʡʦʵ׶԰Ĺ涨ҳܽ׶԰ÿκѧͷѧҳֻȴ
ıɫеΪѣȰ:Сүû
ƲƲ죬һĿ˵:ʲôʱؼһһ˵㣬Ұֻ˵һֱ߱ң粽룬û涨Ҳܷѧ󻹼׶԰
Ҳ˻ӭԼȥʲôطŲǴšô׶԰ͬء
⼸ǻרŰŸӵģȻܴĵǡ
ÿѧ󣬱СѶиĸӣȻ󿪿ĵŸĸˣÿѧֻܿЩڵı
һֱСү׶԰ſڽֲµıڣͻȻӵһ绰ͬ˾ǣ:Сү˵Ҫ׶԰Ѷһûû뿪úúãͰϢСү
ǱߵĶᵽ˰ְ֡
Ȼһֱ˵ŲںиĸԹӣʵ˭Ҫ⣬ֻûб¶ѡ
ԭΪѵıڹҶϵ绰һ˵:Сү˵ھ͹㣬ٵŶʮӡ
ںڷ̧е:𣿰ְˣ
һԵİܽϢΪְûܼʱʧУ˲ࡣ
˵ء
ܰԼĺѣܽҲеܸˡ                        
ߣ*ϸҪ׶԰ˡ
ְ֣ҫ:һֿɰĹŮ
ְ֣˷ܣ:˼ҶҹŮԺܻ׼Ŷ:

018

ʡʦʵ׶԰Сһһرĸˡ
ֻʣ°ܽͻ˱ŸԵ̨ϣضУſڵķ
һԵĻҺˣǵҲͬżϣԼϰܿϹ
ĺӾ۰Ͱ͵صţĺѲ˲
һ꣬Ŵȴӳֱʡʦʵ׶԰Ĵſڡ
ðְ֣ˡСİѩһҪٲλҳ绰ˡ
Ҳ̫һЩ׶ѩĳܵ
ְ֡ܽվίͰ͵ؿˡ
һίŮ۴Ǹ⣬ϸ˵:Բ𱦱ǰְˣǰְ˵㻰ְָǸòãϣԭ°ְ֡
ܽһܺúĺӣüͷɿ죬˵:ûְ˾ͺá
鷳ʦˡ꿴Ůİʦ΢΢ףֲ̬ʧò
ãǻȥɣʦ˵ټֵ
ȻܽԸھ͸ְ뿪׶԰ŷɫС˵:ְ֣ڻߣСѵİְֻûйأһȵ𣿡
ղȰְֵʱҲ˺þá
ȻԣְֶġҲûʹӦˡ
鱾ȣʳԶˡĲܸϹԺŮĿеĸߴˣ겻鷢
űŮվŵİСкԺӦüͷһ壬ķź:ǴðĳСӣ
кȻһ˿ɬɬĸоŮһѧ˱кӣְǲǺܿҪʧˣ
ܽסܵС֣һ׶԰˳ְֵǰһַǳԺܵ:Ұְ֣(/RQ/)
ܵСԴһֱİְʲôʱͬܣһ˳Ļ˵:ְֺá
ԣһ˲ˣǵЦǳ˼֣Сӣ˭ְ֣ҽʲôûӣ
ŮСкҲˣϾҶ׶԰Сѣǣаְܲ˰
˵仰ʶղŴк΢ѵøֳһ˿ߵ
ܽûղʲôԾĵطЦǺǵΪ˻ܡ
ְ֣С׶԰ĺѣǲ֪Ҵôһ޲ݮǣ
ܽſ˫֣һŵƣ˷ܵıܿóϲߵСк
ǣһμ滹ְ֣СôҹŮ
ĳСӡ
з߷߲ƽˣҲõŮ棬һСӶƽϡ
һҲ֪ðĳСӣ˷ġ
СС;ѧˣ϶ǸĴܲ
갵¶ģɵúúõΪŮѰѹأǧСӰøˡ
ʱҲ˹ǵһʡʦʵ׶԰·ôϤ·϶ൢһ
ôô֣ڸʲôأ
ڴ֮ͣǰѾĳƺţ۵СŮޣȵ:ǹӺӵģ
棿֣ʲôʱһŮ
ʵѱŮϢģԼߵˣsʱûм֪¡
Ҳû뵽ʡʦʵ׶԰̡Ͼsд󲿷ֺųĺӶᱻ˽׶԰ٻ׶԰
Ŷˣ˳촽ƤЦⲻЦ񵭵:ٻһҹŮӶӣǴɵúܡ
ԭռ˵ĳСǻ̵֣ѹּĵһ۾˿źܲ˳:
˫ֲŶһĵӣ٩:һ˵ȻʱӽӺӣȲ㣬ڹİæ֮лܳŮؼҡ
ѹָղŵĻһͼҴҵ˳ȥԭΪ˽ԼҺӷѧ˵ʵ̻ûмֱ꣬硣
λ֮Ļ.ҩ.ζʮ㣬ԱվŵദѺãڻС
ܵİְҲˣܽ߸˵غͺ˵ټ:ޣ
е㲻ᣬ˻֣˵:
бŲˬǵֱԼұŮͷҲص뿪׶԰
ǻûżߣͷ࿴һԼҶӡ
ϴھӼҵĺһ棬ҲһСŮСͲûֱӰѡдˣƽʱоֹҲ͸СƵģʦ˵ͬ죬û뵽ССˡ
==
ְ֣һҪ͸㣡
صҺ󣬰ܽױһذѽջõĲʱʻ͸ְ֡
һһһСˣĦֵı
꿴ǰһȳɵĻĿ˶٣Ц˵:Ǽûÿְһúñܵġ
Сӵпգǵִ⡣
ְֵĿУŮŻκһҪһǧһ򱶡
ŮĲʱʻùܼȥŪƯװһ£ԼķʲôطأǾʹɣÿ춼ԿŮ͸ˡ
ְܻܽữΪС룬߶߶˵еûģʽҫ:ְְְ֣쿴ҵҸͬѧǷʳȫ˳ȥһӽ˺ööѡ
׶԰ССѶ档
ȻˣܽϲĻ׶԰ｻĵһѣСѡ
ְͬ˵Ҳйġ
Ůһ˵ǸСӵĺûҧгݣ̲סʵ:ãǸҵĳСӡǸѣְܸܲ߰ôʶģ
ܽͷ˵һ飬ûἰСӿε¡
ΪӦѣ²κ˵ġһõĺúӣԾְҲ˵
Ůаʾ磬Ƴһ۵ڲŵĵӾ磬ʼԴ̣ĵ˵:ãҪ۸㣬ӾŮһ¸ҵطȥǧ£ʲôаְڱأ
ܽһ˫Ĵ۾ְ˵ĵӾؿ˺һȻѧžŮǵӣսСȭͷӶţ׵˵:ְ֣𣿡
ŮĻ˽ȥΪص˵ͷ
룬ǸСͿʼõĻҳСӣҪǸҶұŮֶŵģֽŴϣѾǺܸҼˡ
һˡ»˵ıŮΪ˸νǲġ
ߣ*꣨˻ߣ:ǸҰְֵĳСӣԺжԶԶc(RQ)

019

ҴʱܰΪͬլеղǢ
ЦеŶӻصլȻһţڿ￴ĳЩ۵ˡ
ܣӹˣôҲǰǴ˵һҺȥ㰡һ˵ţϵĴɩ仰ʾֵҪѵܹȴܴôһ
ݺ̽뱲ӵĻүӣһŮֻһͬͬĸˡ
ͬĸĸǻүӽǰСģͬĸĵܵܺͬĸǺǸȢСġ
̺Щ˶ͬһ裬ϵȻҲòȥ
ĹϵʱԼ̫ҡ
Сȥźá̶ŵ䳰ȷֵһ޶ԣƳһۣջߣߵС
ڻСһССֻŵĻңһֻл̺ͻүӻô
ְô˵ϽԼСȡ̤̤̤¥ܿóһҲȥ
ܺˣȰְһȺÿ粽ظıڣҪһǧһ򱶡ͬʱҲʮЩ˲ϲԼȴÿ춼үүǰװһػӡ
̾ӵǣԱһȾŻͷתתĵ:磬Ҿôɩ˵ûҶһˣ˺ôҲӦ֪һڱ˵ǻڲŽᡣ
θջعʹϼȥһĴĿ˭ûиߣһֲ
û˺һԣҲٲҴŻƢһ˵:治˼ֻҺҽˣҼûиҲûеܵܣòʹϵүϿǵĴڣҲһġ
ȻΪǰһʧȥ˽ļ䣬ûײɵͷλҲҪûʵ
赭дһ仰뿪󣬿һ˲ø͡
һʼ˵ţˣеıصˤϣŪܴ죬ɤ:˵˵ʱôֻʧ˸أʱӦֱӰײˡ
ϴҲŮ˵ϹһڲԵĻ:ֻԺլ˵㣬һҪðˣٲҪѵǡ
˵ֻԣʲô˵ģУֲǿүԾƫ̻㿴ΣϢذѹ˾ôһĿȴڳ˶˹
˵ʲôҵģĵվһԸǿӲĻүЩйһƢͱ죬ֻϻǴЩ߷߲ƽ
ӻǸƷ꣬˵¥ݣɫҲ˼֡Ҫ̽˹˾˳˳ڹ˾վ˽ŸԺϼŵĹɷﻹǶķݡ
Դӻ̳˳󣬶ļλһֱںͻϴڹ˾λãͻȻˣֶһҲˡ
УУԲȥ취ֹ̽빫˾
==
ȥЩС󣬸оǶ˵仰˷Լʱ䡣
һ·¥ֱƿԼҶӵķţ˽ȥ
СӰϣ΢΢ͷҲ֪ڰŪʲô
ǵĻſڵĶתͷȥ˽õƲƲ죬˵:ְ֣ǰӦţǶء
ԣְСһĶӣͷһ״ģ:Сҿװ֣˵аְֽӵķ仹Ҫŵĵ
죬һ˫ںڷӶһԲ
̱С񿴵ܲˣ˻һ˵:úúã´νǰһǵвУ
ʱԸ̫棬Ҳ֪˭
Сʱ򲻻Ͷˡ
̿ŷϵĴǣ˳һţ:Сʲôʱʼˣ
֮ǰһֱĵ˵Զǻ᳤
˵ţƾҪһֽȴһע⣬ܲϣɿذеŴǸˡ
:
Ŷһŵòеģ:СӣŴǣСӣѵүүƽʱûǮ԰үÿ²Ҳһֱ㿨Ǯ𣿡
ȻڹⲻعԼĶӻǺܴ󷽵ģÿ¸ǮɱȵүӸʱöࡣ
˵ˣһСܻǮô죿ֱҪܼҡ
ܵɴ۾ϽͬղһţȫĴװȻرǰ±ٴˡ
Ϊһ˼ĳˣҲǷҪһСӵǣǶӽʳķٶĺģЩǸò׶԰СѸİɣ
˵õʵɴӶĬıУѾȷЩǾǱ͵ġ
˵Сһǰǵģȴ׵һŶϣԭôһ¡
ʡʦʵ׶԰￴ǸСŮޣ̶ʱʲôĶӵļϷʵ:ССӿ԰СС;Ѿˡ
ͬ͸ҵģְҲܳԣܰһſС˵
ְָղŶģҲô࣬ЦһЦұ֤Ҳˡ
뵽ʲôĴЦ´˵һ:С´ǵöϲġ
Ҫ׷ԼϱôܲأϣСԽԽ£ŬҵǸƯСȢؼңŵʱɫ϶ܺÿ
СĻһ¶ؿẒ̇ǰ׵İְЦЩʲô
ȷǹİȫڸĵһ:ְ֣׼ʲôʱߣ۵װһ˿ʧ䡣
ӵͷ˵:ְβˣͺһڹڡ
Ļϼűĸ׵һݣȻ޹ʿռȵ֮
ϾڲҪ׬ѣͬȢϱǮҲһ׬ˡ
ңйǰһҲѾһ˿üĿźܿŪ⵽ôһˡ
==
ա
첻˰ְ֣֪Ժʹڹڲ˵Ϣͺϸ߸̫һá
ʮ׶԰ûǰһģֱ˲Ž
ܽѧ£һֱֵúܻؾ͹ˣλϰŪķ
ϺѼ
ܽк˳źͺҫӺͷһ°ְָͷΣһǶʯķ
İܽϲЩblingbling̫»ᷢĶ˵ϴһblingblingɫСȹӣԼԼͷϴŵ
˵ʱ򣬸µ׳׳Ҳ˹ʵеؿһķÿ
Сѿһ֮ͨ󣬰ܽϵıԿȥˡ
׳׳׶԰ССѣѾˡ
ܿĻϲİܽб˱죬бŤˣʵղҲͬ·ÿţֻϧһ
׳׳ԼֺСŮ˵˺ü仰ЦЦһ룬ʹͣȻÿֻ֣һ̲ѪĴ
裡
׳׳ֳ棬̬һۡؿ˳
ܽǰ׳׳ͻȻ³һɺѪΪӾڻҽɫһҪˡ
ԼսϾҪˣжʱֱˣĿ׳׳һ
һԵĻһȻһʱȥסͬ۾
Ѫˣ㲻Ҫ
ߣ*ְ֣˷ܣ:ңΪȢϱѼ
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׳׳ͰܽͻȻôһޣֱӴСҲһ˴Ķļλʦˣ
ʦ׳׳Ѫˡ˵ͬʱסͬ۾Сʼûƿ
ҴҵظϹİѩڿ׳׳ϲѪʱΪǸղſˣϽûʲô˿ڡ
ֱСȱһ˵е©ͣһ¶һĨǳЦ˵:ûû£׳׳СҪʼˡ
һСӵĻҡ׳׳ӿΪÿԵ̫ãСԲཱུģҪͬ磬ʱҲ΢ǰôһЩġ
׳׳ʦ˵Լû֮󣬲ǿֹסԭڽеĺޣһʱᣬûܴӸղŵľлССһһġ
ѩпЦãʵ:׳׳ղŻһأСӽԭǳģȻȥҸط
ҡҺ̽ȥˣ
˵˵ţ̬е׳׳ҲоԼЩԣҪ޳ļƣһѡ
ѩˣֽæο˼䡣СӵͷȽС˽ȥҲûϵ
ѧ׳׳һڼҶӳԵٽʳͺˡ
ʵԭûʲôֻΪ׶԰ٻлСѣʦģҲǵһ
׳׳Ϊ༶СһŴ޵͸ټˡ
ѩ׳׳ȥһϵѪʦڰοŰСѡ׶԰С۴޵Св٣ǵͶСҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪޣǿСѿ˳ǵҲ͸һ
Сû޵֮һһֱͼСסͬ۾Ѫ׳׳ֱʦ׳׳ˣɿ֡
ܽ˼£ҲԸ˹΢΢һãɵʵ:׳׳Ĳ𣿡
ΪСܽǰС˵͵ӾܶɫͻȻһѪȻ͹˵ġ
׶԰ʶҲԲű̲סҪޡ
üͷһ壬һؿյ:ʦ˵׳׳ֻڻǲġ
׳׳Сѿ϶ƽʱǳԶ˲Ż˵͸ͬһ޲ݮǣ׳׳Ҳһţ
ܽͬѻ˵Ļӳ׷׳׳ղšѪӣµԭô°
ѩ׳׳ȥëϴһֻһõĸɾ·ǰ忪ˣûټȥ
׳׳ǸĴСѣûûε֣ղŻ캰Ҫ裬ȫСһޣŹȥ˲ʮӣϾͱø߸˵ģתȥСŮ˵
׳׳ղŻʱ۲۰ܽƤۣϸղֿ޵̫ף۽ǻһۡ
ղŰСŮſˣ׳׳ºͦ˼ģôʣظɵ˵:ۣһҲۣ
ǸղŻʲô뵽һԵʮҲ޵ĩc(RQ)

ĻνСѧ粻ϿΣ˻ϷĸʦСһڲٳ˶˶Ϸ
ϷǶèè
һСͨǩ˭ˣ׼úǸ˿ʼ۾˱ʱҵһطءǸ˻ȥҶˣҵСѾҪ/һңֱҵϷΪֹȻҵСѿʼһϷ
ʱ򣬻ܶװ岻ѡ񲻺ʹһ棬ΪϷʵ̫ˣԼһ˴ԭħ˼
˭ûбѡУͶһòãܽһ˫ģе˵
ðԭ¶ļϷĻܣνԥ˲룬Ȼͬˡ
룬ԼȫΪʦ˵ŽѰͬѧšǿͬģȻҲС̫ͬˣһӱ˸ҵԼҪ档
ѡǸǩˣһݰС
èèϷ涨СѶֻܲڲٳȥԱߵļС¥ڣȻΥ棬һξץˡ
10987ΪСĺӴ󲿷ֶֻѧʮڵ֣ÿδʱͨǴ101顣
Ҫ;СˣʦһСѡ
ѡеС۾ȥʱʣµʮСѣСĴɢˡ
Ȼʡʦʵ׶԰Ĳٳֻܹô󣬳Щ棬ܲصס˵ĵطû
οʮ˾һ𣬾͸ױҵˡ
èèϷÿζֻҪӾͿԽһ֡ҲΪʲôܻãϷȤԭڣֱһѶȶûС
ܣ˵Ӧöʲôطܽҿ˿һܶطѾغˣûλˡ
꣡С֪һܲ˵ĵطλúεģСѶֻ֪һ֪ڸߣһԳΪץǸĵ˵
طŷֵģû뵽ó
ܽҲСԣȻҲΪҵǸˡ
˺ѵĻӦһȻ˾ֱܿΧСѣܵ˲ٳ࿿һС¥λô
ֻûҵ˚G
Ԥϵʱ䣬èèСӾѾȫûֻʣͰܽ˻ûбҵ
Ҹղź񿴵ǱˡиСָһ˵
ǴְѲٳеĵطһ飬ʮӣڿεʱ䶼ȥˣûҵˡ
ʦһʼΪ͵͵ܻ˽ҡǰèèϷʱ򣬲ûȻ˻ȥ֮ȴ֪ûڽҵСӰ
Ϲѩüһ˿:СȥأٳҵĵطѾҹˡ
ʦҪȻȴССѻؽңǼʦͷȥһҡ
ѩһȺͬѧ˵ѧֻͬˡ
ʣµļʦеȥǼС¥ңеڲٳң⻹ȥ֪ͨԬ԰ģҪ׶԰ûпεʦһˡ
Ͼ׶԰СѿɲС£ֻһţСҲܳȥ϶׶԰
һմԬ԰칫ҳʦ·ԱһС¥ʱͻȻһطǴ˭ûȥҹϽ˸䡣
ǽڵĽһԭľӣ¸մʦ칫ԻģûüӲ󣬵ĺӻǴ´ġ
һԵĿչӣŹȻͷӣһ
ûʲô¡
ֻʦѧҵתСӣʱ˿ͷͷ˯һ𣬳濴ȥܰ˲ȥǡ
ѹǻܣ۾һ˫˯ۣվǰʦԺһ:ҵ𣿡
λҵǵʦΪεЦЦص:ǰСһҲ̫ˣһڿζûҵ
ߣ*СʱͬСĺһèèص̫ñˡ躰һؼҳԷű˳
*v˫СɰǴӦңӸղأҪʺòá
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  ĳ죬ԽһŮ
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  ԲڴҧгݣģһҪСӵĹ¶ԺÿԿʲˡ
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ܽСԴѹڻܵļ, һ, Ҳ͸һ˹
΢΢һǷ峺׵дһ˿ã, ʵ:ôˣǱҵ𣿡
ܽʱûпվһԵʦ, ˯Ժģʲô״
ԭǺͻ˶ڹ, һѹ죬һߵűСѹǡ̫, Ϲ˺ܳʱ䶼û˹, ;ʹ˯
۵СŮϥڹϱѹһǳǳĺۣԵøɰһһĳ嶯
ѻ㳤۽ëգգ, , ϵļͷ˿ÿû, һԵʦһ, ߵ˴ﱧ˳

ʦϵıһһãС, пЦ, ε, ôҲȥص̫ˣϾСӶкϷ
ȰСŮȥַСк˵:߰, ʦȴؽҡ
ô׶԰˴СʱүƵ˵ûпܹҲΪСһ͵͵ش׶԰˳ȥ
Ϊʦ칫ҷõĹӣһҳСͷʱ·Ϻ϶մ˺Щ
ɾĻûЩߵˣЩ˷ܵ˵:㿴Ҿ˵طǶҲɣĶèèϷӮˡ
ܽӮϷҲܸˣϵЦݲ:̫ˣҵġ
ʦͯ۵ķԣεҡҡͷһֻǣһǴ˽ѧ¥
С˫ģҲ˲ٻңʦȴȥϴֳرߡ
׶԰С࿪ѧʱ򣬼λʦרŽ̹СϴֵĲ衣
ܽѧģղ裬ȴˮͷСִʪȻѹԱ߷õϴҺִɫĭ
ÿϴʱϲľˣÿζһҪȴܶܶݣŻˮϴɾ
ϴСָһԵʦ飬ʦϴˡ
ܸŸһ䣬˵:Ҳϴˡ
ʦë˲ɾСŴǻص׶԰Сİѩ˵˵ľ
׳׳Сп˻ֵһ:ǻ
׳׳ϷҵǸдСʽҫûܾø˵ģèèϷӮˣͬСŮһӮˡ
ΪС˶ˡ
׳׳ˣ¶һ˿Ľı飬˵:Ǻǵһҵġ
Ϊÿζֻڴ棬Ϸ׳׳Ǻ׾ͱСҵ׳׳ڶèèϷһҵģǺġ
ҫĻĿޣбŤˣ죬˵:´Ǵһ㣬ԺһΪһҵˡ
СӵĿֺܼ򵥣׳׳ʱȸԾ˵:ðϸһϲӹ
˭ҪˡͻȻеԼղΪʲô仰˵˳
˭׳׳ÿԵ˺ܶл
ʳĻСѳܲлˡ

ûٳٵ׼ʱʡʦʵ׶԰ӱŮؼҡ
áܼͬİְ֣ʶҪһӡ
СڽԼĪ뵽һѿڶİְֺãǳ˳飬еļ
ҵ˹Ȼûһ˳ĵġ
ҲӵҪҹŮĳСӣһŮע£ǿǿĸСкһЦݣ˾á
Ůÿ춼쳣˷ܵغ˵ϲ׶԰ֵͻȻһ»ܻӰ쵽ǿ϶Ů̵Ķٴһģc(RQ)

絽ͬ׶԰Сһҳ
ҿܱͲһرϲֵĺӣһվУſħܴʱ䡣
棿ǸСأѵǰˣЦеʵȫǿֲ´󣬾֮һԼĶҲ⡣
ܰħս㣬һֱϵʱ䣬һ˵:ʮǰѾ뿪ˡ
΢еϧûܿһ˳ֲֳܱı顣ԴļһŮ֮Ϊ˴º࣬ǰ̻治Ҿô´ؿ֡
귢ǼүӶǡ
ϸеʱһȺ쿴磬ҸΧһ˵СһʮӲȺС춼ͽҽԺʱֵ÷зģڸڸжš
˵ǰĻһֱ̫飬ĳЩ棬ͦһġ
ְ֣˵ǲе㲻ϲҡüͷ壬Ȼôһ䡣
ն˵:ôᣡСﲻ׶԰õϲġСȷʵǺѣ겻ǿ϶ġ
СڳĶͯȫϣԼһ˹ԹԵϵðȫü˵:Ϊ˰ɡ
͵СӶڱϲϲԼԼõġ
췢ʲô£ʵһҲ֪Լɵӽдƺ顣
ԥһ£Ű˳ͬĻдƺ¸˵˳
µľ㶣ֻЦ˳治ҪʱЦʵ̲ס˹
˵ʵɵСû굱һ٣ȫǸСĸ
ֻҪۿŮദʱӵˣܸоõܰӡ
أЦһҲЦԼе㲻ָ߳üСкһ:ǸСǼ氡
̴ӹ󣬻ܾͲٴڻլˡ
Ҫصģǻsеķ֮һǵһסƺûԶͬһҲʮʮҵӡ
뵽ͬңռһӵָߺħںڵж˼ֺ:ְ֣Ŀ𣿣
:Ȼԣְ첻Ǹոһָ߻ľ𣿵ʱԺСһƴľֻʲôϲĶְȥԼǼҡ
÷ʲôˣСӣ࿹ᡢܵ㲻ҲûʲôԺ˵øлڵġ
ְͬСľϲ֮Աڽĩһڴ
̼ҡҡͷ۵һ˿Ц⡣
ôСӣԼϲ˺ǰҲֳƽʱټĺ
ǰܵľԸ̫죬ʧȥ˺ܶͬ˶еȤ˼֮£ûаȥsе˽׶԰ûȥСѧ͵һĹ׶԰
ôҪཻܹһЩͬĺѣ͵ĺӦ顣
ڿ׶԰һСЧͦġ
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׶԰ӣСܽÿ춼ĺܿġ
ʳó緹ʱԼȤΣһϲʱΡ
˭һкóԵģһкء(/RQ/)
ǸǸĩǼ棬֪ûʱ䣿˵ԽԽС
ԥʱ䣬һֱҸͬȥ棬ȴ֪Ӧôڡ
ҪѧؼҵʱٲھˣŹ˵˳
ܽ˵Ļüͷʵʵ˵:ĩְָ˼ҽʦ
ԣ΢΢Щʧ䣬˵:ûϵҪµĻ͵û˵ֻͻȻúѹ
ܽо䣬һ˼˵:ҽϿȥҰְ˵һĩһȥġ
۵ױŷһ˿ϲЦЦСĴָ˵:Ҽҡ
˵һμ棬ͨʶġ
ܽҲСĴָסġ
ϵһ겻䣬˭˭С
̶̵ļʱܵͬɽһϺ¡
ҺԼǳɹ뵽ͬȥң
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Ȼ׼ʱӳǶļªڳ141·һվ̨Ȼ·ɨһ¶ά룬һǰѧļ
ϸСͻȻסԺסԺѼӴҩһҪǧ飬ʿ֧ٴμѹڳȻϵĸڶṩһÿܸһιʵĸнҽ̹΢һ˵ҽҩѶ
СѾΨһˣٳʲô£ȻҲ֪Լô졣
sԽԽȣϡ㶼ȵܲˣȻ˫Ÿ͸оһϢµȸнʧ
ʦˣСѾ緹鷿ˡܼŵʱĵصݹȥһ¶˵ˮ
ȻΪ׬Ǯ׻ծܶݼְзʹġȥְ̳ģҲеԱӵġЩҪƾĹֿۣΪܹٵί˵òֽŲɾĪˡ
飬ÿֻĬĬر˿ߣԼЩνҲ
ԴǰƲ󣬳ȻͺЩǳ׶ϵΪ˸׻ծͼȥЩ˽ǮȻƽﱻ׾չ˵ǣһضˮޣմȾϵùÿ˶˵ԼͷûǮе֧֧ѣеֱԱŸ˶
ңȻΥظо˵غ͹ػӹˮű΢΢ĴУ㶣һм˵:лл塣
ʦ̫ˣȣҲҪչԼܼʵͦϲСʦģ²ܳԿ࣬ڵһѾˡ
ȻүǴģԼҪŲȥʱ˲ٺˡ
뵽⣬ٿеɬⱭˮ֮󣬾¥鷿
ڵϵİܽˣֵúܸˡ
ʦ쿴ϴ㲼õĿκҵȫдˣܽдһҳֽı˵һ佱ı顣
ÿ׶԰ʱҵСѣʦһС컨
ǰĺӣȻҲ˼ЦݣеĲһԣȼһҵ
ò˵ҵɵúܺá
ȻѧĺѧʦרҵȻǱҵʦģѧǰ׶ȫԷΧͬѧơӦθõغ͵СȥദҲһ֪⡣
ԼеǶʱΪ˶ıѧһЩͯѧ
֪СͶѰһͬУÿδĵؿ佱ܹоģһ˾øˡҲͽӵģԼѧϰȤ
εҵɵķǳãԳʦһС
ܽһ˫΢΢
Ȼ·ڴóһСʲôƷԼ֯ġ洮ƯСӣǵСƤۣϿܻ᲻Ծȡ
ܽϲԴ˰֣˼˵:ʦܰҴ𣿡
Ȼû⡣ȻЦЦӹСʵ:һֻأ
ܽϴһblingblingᷢ᲻ժ£ԥһ£Լ֣˵:šǳʦ͸ҴһֻϺˣ
ȻĵذѺϵãɫɫʵܳСӡ
һİɫڸܽϵʱ΢΢ͷ¶Ϲŵһغż
ʦ㲱ϹҵʲôܽһĨһʵ
ȻѲϹŵĺȫֻ滹һöָָģ⻬ܿóָ˺ܰϧÿ춼á
źϵĽָһ˿ᣬҰҵҺһΪÿְʱ׶ú֯ڲϡ
ʦİˡǲⱾŹѪС˵𣿣
ܽȵգգ۾Щ׶԰ѧҪʦҺӵˡ
СԴ󣬰ܽȻֻС𣬵Ҳ׾ͱΧȥ
ԭС˵УŮ¸ģΪԭ򣬰ܽóʦʱ취ʱǰһЩ
Ӧôܸıأ
Ҫһ˰ͺ 
ȻܽҰְ֡ΪɴbossְֱɷǵֺŮˡһ˽һпܻٴΰŮǣһԲǰܽҪĽ
ܽҪʦһֻС𣬸ְֲֻܸӰ쵽ְ
ܽǰ¹ģһҪػ۰ְֵģc(RQ)βñ˺
ˣְ֪£ҲܸˣӰˣֻԼһɡ
ʦˣȿˮɡһڿνİܽһֱڽʦϼˮ
ʱ˵ɤӻúܸɣҲܲʱһҪǵöˮ׶԰ʦǵСʶ
СӵĹģóȻůůģǴĵϲǰСŮÿοͺ񿴵Լĺһ
ȻǵԼǰʱ򣬺ݼЩͱСһֵıܱǴ档ЩΪСҳ軵ˣԸ᲻ֻҪ΢е㲻ĵطͿ캰صġǵı㣬Ҳ̫ϲ֮顣
ߵСŮһʹҲǱǧų󣬼Ҿʵȴرн
ʣֹɵĺмܲϲأ
Ȼ̫ůÿÿڿӵʱлһ˿Եů
ܽ:ˣʦְҸ㣬ڼҶϢһ죬ùϼҽ̿ˡְҪæ׬Ǯң粻ڱ
Ȼ:ôˣʲô𣿡
ͺ֮ԼܽҲûжԳʦдһ˿˷ܣ˵:ΪҪȥ׶԰õѵļ棡
ǺܺðȻ֪ǰСŮԸôɰһһﶼܻӭĺӡ
һڵ׶԰˳ؽ˺ѣΪеˡ
¿ʱ䣬ȻŷҲϢðܽԼѡ
ܽһС룬ԸúõЩ͸ǿˡ
Ȼһֱк˵йغѵ飬ûаܵ˼֪ΪΣţؿڴͻȻӿֳһֵĸоƵģ·һֻֽץסһ
ѵЩӼְʱ̫ЩԲˣԳļµ֢״                        
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Ů׼С, һ˵:, 㿴ҲãҪȻĩȲȥˣְֿ԰ĺѴ绰ȥ˵һ
, ȥ, ·ڴ̳ݹһ
ؿԼұŮҪȥĳСӼˣְֵܲԴ𣿣
ʵ, ڸŮ˵ҪȥԼѼңҲǻ̼͵ʱ, ȫǾܾġ
Ȼ, Ůڴ뻶ϲĿ֮£ָ˿ȥֻܾܾĲ鲻ԸͬȥͣȻºû̺, ˭˵ȥĻͬóȥˮ, 뵱Ů棬һԶš˵㻰İְ֡
ְֵܽĻ, ̧ͷһ۴յաƵĺ, ΢΢һ˿ã, ɻ˵:ǰְ֡ǸG
ѵڴ, 첻һ𣿣
ܽϲľ, Ϊÿ죬ܿϵ̫ͽֵȺ
ƲŮ:ү˵ô̫ʲôӦ³꣬һưô꣬Ŷ˵, ԼͿ˳µذŮƵεԼˣ
᲻Ķְ֣ܲȥڽ찲һ˹Ŀԡ
۰Ů꣬ջûѡôΪԼŮһĺ顣
ĺڴȥѼ͡
Ҳʲô˼벻ļҳҪֹŮ׶԰ｻѣǶҵ˲ģŮܵ˺
ĵ̾һ˵:ְָղŵ˼ͷ̫ôһǼһŰװ۵Сɹô죿
ȻŮصұŮ۳ʲôȫƯģ
ܽԣֻСסԼȻ뵽ʲô˵:ְ˵öԣҲǴˣ
ŮСȡ̤̤̤¥һֻͷ϶һǳɫñ
ְְְ֣ⶥñǲǺϵСȹӺܴѽְֵܽǰתһȦһñӣһ˵:˰ְղŵѣñ֮ӦþͲٱɹ˰ɡ
˵꣬Ϊ׼ȫİܽȻϲϲ˳²ôԸһܣһվԭش겻ѡ
ȿȿȡܣҪСȥͰɣʹڼﲻҪȥˣ۲Ĳۿڹ˾߹ϡ˵һܣȴΪŮȥһ׶԰ĺѼ͵飬ʱ䣬֮£ģòվϰ⡣
ܣҲ̫ˣҿƷȻҵ⼸ݰҪ̫ˡʲôҲܹСȥ͡
ĴԸ񲻿ǲһ㣬Ӧ۸Сӵ
ڻҵ⼸Ϊ˴ϼһĿڰʹӣȻǹ˾һλԱȥ͵飬޳
˵ҲôϲҵˣٻǰһӵܣǻһУֵεһˡ
ؼǵãٵĸ׻ʱҺͻҵĹϵɵڡ
ˣأȥúϢɣ컹ùȥ˵ţīзһ˿⡣
Ҫջعļһﵽʲô
ǸŮĳСӵ׵ε϶Ҳ֪ģ˵ڱԼҶôġ
==
ͬʱһߵĻҡ
СȷСܳԵôǹ𣿣
ɳϿŶæǰæĻ̣ɻúܣʾԼѾʹˣԽԽС֮ϲúΪֹˡ
Ŷȥ̳СϲĶԼɵӶ˵ֱȥһ˳С˻ööԵġ
ǲݮǣСһӸڳеĻ޷Žﳵޣֹһ֮õĿ
˵Сûͦʵõģû뵽ǸСԻ
Ҳ̫ɰһɡ
һ߰װвݮǵĲӣŽѡõƷУһ߾:͸Сѵ֮ǰӦġ
ϴкͬѧ˵вݮǶһֱа仰
źǡְ첻ѳлϣʣµ97޲ݮҲһҪȻĻͿԴո100ͳȥˡ
ܾͬ϶ϲԼ͵ġ
ַ˷ͷпЦãС֮以͵ҲͦµġϴɵӲ˼СĴǣԣһ£С޲ݮǡ
˵СӳôǣĲ³𣿣
׿ݮǵȲᣬһ飬̻ͦģһ:СԸħָ߻ľָС棿
Ӷһӵָ߻ľħһֱúܣƽʱĶá
ҪȻҲ׶԰ĵһ죬аСŮʻҪħܾ˸ǿ˵鷢ˡ
ԸⰡܾͬͱ˲һﲻһҲ˵
žԸԼİħ棬ȴԸСɡ
һԵĻԥûԥĻشԴض࿴һۣ֮ĹϵеĻҪð

갴żǰԼõʱ䣬һ˻ҡ
ܣˣ⿪Ů͹бһ˿Ц⣬Ͳûѡֻĸдˡ
лĸҲлյϳźʿҧгݵ˵ʱܹɱһˣôĻ̿ͱǧˡ
ְ֮ܽûп뿪Ǹһ˳ɻؿ˿ʵ:ְ֣Ҳôˣ
·ɱ˵Ŀ⣬ڿߵŮʱ˲䶼ᣬͷ˵:ְֽе£Ҫúһ£Сȥɣְֲġ
̿ԼŮչֳһӣ档
Ůôĸı𣿣㶼Ҫʶһˡ
ңʲôôһҲ֪顣
ӽûͿʼڴͬĻܣ˸߲ҵŰܽˡ
ջߣ˵:ܣȻСһﶼѾˣȥ鷿һİɣ
Ůߵ꣬˲٣á

鷿
ɳϵĻ̣һڸݺõȲ裬̲ס٩һ䣬˵:ܣô֪֮仹ʲôģ
ûжһ裬һʵ:ǻҪӰŮƭͣҪΪøˣΪԸ
ЦЦ˵:ô˵ǼСҲҪҹŮΪѵģ֪СҪƽϲ߶˳˵ʵҲͦϲСӵġ
ҼұŮõǸϲ
ҲûʲôԺ˼ԣֱ˵˵:ηѾ˼ôһȦŪҪ̸йs.c.Ŀɡ
s.c.λҶϵļֵĴĿsвֹ򣬻˾Ҳˣһļҡ
˵ûs.c.Ŀ̻Ϊ˺̸ġ
֮ûĸʽʱͳϣΪԼܸһȺ˾ˣҲв˵ȣ˶ӣ̫㡣
Ůʱ򣬾̸ʱ
ڻΪʲôôƶԻǼСΪһôɰϲŮ϶Ҳһٸһǧģ˵ʱ򻹻˳Ŵѵ:
ڳǴˣЩһ㼴͸
̸ղ˵Լϼ֮ĺǻϼţе˼ЩѰζˡ
ϼһ˵㣬ϼȴ̵ĵ̡
ŶΪʲôҪ֪ڻϼŵĹɷֻаٷ֮ʮǻµģ룬ƾʲôҴӦɲʲôɵǮԩͷûô۸˫ֽ棬һԣ񵭵ģһġ
Ļ鲻Ųæ˵:Ҹ㣬геĹɷаٷ֮ʮأ
üë΢ЩȣеĹ˾ɷΪʲôͻȻٷ֮ʮôࡣ
ϼϳй˾ɷĻүӣеĹɷҲֻаٷ֮ʮѡ
ҵڲϵңԻ̻ع¸еżģˣǻүӵ⼸ŮЩеһҪռϼŵ˼Ͳû̽빫˾ǽˣҲ뾡취ʹӡ
Լ˸ʲôҪͿ֮ȻҵļΪڹ˾λô
˵s.c.ֵĿѶȲС껹ϲսѶȵ顣
Ͼڿɲʲôһ˳ԱȫҲĵˣΪ˱ŮҲö׬Ǯ׬ܶܶǮõͱϣǵĳԣûҪһʵֵóȥһ롣
ǣʲôĺ
==
λְǱ߱ƽ˾ʵ򰵳ӿͬС߶ǻЦ
㿴һŶҵħ
ܽ˳ָŵĵطһۣ1237567ӴСһ߸Դճ߸«ֵˡ
«ֵܡǰܽ׶԰СǰһƬ߾ЫӾ߸ɾĺ«Ĺ¡
ͬΪİܽÿ϶ⲿƬýζģϣڿһ߸«ֵֻܴս˱«ѹɽ£һԲĴ֡
ȻܽһһСɵħû̫Ȥһֱһ沣סˣȫƲۡ
ֻڷ˸ʽĻľö඼ġ
ܽģһװڲblingblingᷢʥ˺ѱ¹
һܻ˷ɻңԽҰǡһһظͬĻľ
ܽϱֳһȵı飬ʵ:ЩԼƴõ𣿺ֶȥƴӡ
ܲ˼ЦЦ˵:ЩСĶԼƴģ⼸ĲǣǰְһЩƴ֮͹ġ
ȫǲ޵İܽһֱʮϡشڲǰ۲졣
ܿһĻ죬·¶һܴľģ˵:ҪϲĻһҰ͸㡣
ܽȻĶҡҡͷܾ顣ֱЩǺϲģԼܶá
ˣҾͿһͺˡ´뿴ʱѵļѽ(/RQ/)
ָܰ߻ľɱһԴôͳȥһ᲻õģܽ£־ȱ˵ʲô
ˣﻹһûвָ߻ľԴӽ쿪ʼһƴƴõĻľ˵ˣʱҾͰͻȻ𣬰ְθһָ߻ľ
ţܽҲЦʱü䣬һƯ״
һָ߻ľһǧֻƾСһʱƴ꣬ٶǼʱҲƴꡣְֵֻؽ̰ܽϣӦȴӻľĸλʼƴȻʹȥ˿
ְֶ鷿ûгλСԼԼҲûʲôϷ˺ܶԵģЩǻΪܽ׼ģӶ˰Ҫְæûͬ⣬ҪԼ
һӚGܽڿҵӻңʱͻȻԱ߻һɫСӡ
ܿӣ˳еɥ˵:ָµġ
ܵԺϵıܽʶԼһҲ˽Сѵļ֪ͥļﶼЩʲôˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôܾܽúõĺװĽָԶԶȥе졭ʲôطһ
ΪеĽָòɡ
ܽǵõӾÿһҪŮʱ򣬶һöֶָ۳ƣӦҲһֺձɣ
Ĵһ£ְûгŴյܽĶϣѹ˵
Һ˵һܣǧˡȻְǲй飬ʵ֪ʲôط׶԰죬Ҫӿγȥ͵͵ġ                        
ߣ*ո12000+(/RQ/)
*һµɷ꼴ֹȵȵãҲǵ200ͼӸ

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Ҳϸ²֪ġ
, һڷ￴ʱ, Լмֲʶǵö¥鷿ͷֵ, Ծȥ鷿, ûҵֵʲôλ, ˽үүһװİ壬й顣
, ԭֱ߳ȥĻ, ʶջ˽Ųסܺ棬͵̸ֱ֮үүǸ飬뿪鷿, ҵֵ, صԼķ
ԭ˵Ķ, үүϲ, ֪, Ҳȥһ
֪Ļܶһ, վһ͵ȥ衣Ȼ, ְԼıÿ춼粽ظԼûлȥˡ
ЩΨһһֱʱ䣬׶԰ϿεʱԻܲŻ뵽͵͵ӿγȥİ취
ʵ, Ļܲĵ׺ܾˣְֶûиߣǽ죬ѡߵСŮ
ҳ𣿡ܽô˵ԺĵһͷϾܶӾﶼݵġ
ܳ˼һ˵Уصĵ˵ͷ˵:ǵģҳˣҪȥһ
ܽͷɻʵ:Ϊʲô岻һȥأ
Сѵ裬ӦþǻİˣԼİҳˣѵӦȥһ
ѹصͷһɥ:ΪְߣܾͲҪˡ
˵ְֻҸ裬ԭЩ˵Ļǲŵģүү£ܵͻȻôȷˡ
ôģ֪Ҳֻ֪ȥһҳߵ衣
ְûϵˡ
뵽⣬ȭͷᶨ˵:ҲǸСӺˣԱ衣
˵龭СܽտʼҲһͷˮϵȥøӰͺԽǰĹѪС˵һģһ
ԭСûмԼ衣
ܽҲû裬һְ֣ѾȺܶ˶ҪҸˣе֪㡣
Сļο:ȻңңҲ̫ˣء
ܽû뵽Сӿȥģﲻһ˿ΡǴεжҲͲʧˡ
ǡǸʱ˳˳ȥôĸǳԵүүͻᰤ
֣ܽǰ֪£ҲǺѾ񰡡
Դӽ쿪ʼŬҵ裬ܲԼ첻СƻҪȥļƻɣ
̧һ˫ںڷӣκ͸м:лл㡣
һֱζ̫ܣ˵֪֮һսͻȻɶˡ
ܽ΢˼ЦЦ˵:˭Ǻѣ֮Ҫﻥġ
ӦҪܶǮģظʾ:ʲôҪæľ˵ҵ㻨ǮԸ㣡
Ǻ˼һµСһһʱһˡ
˵Ķӳʮִ󷽵ø˰ܽһεӳİܽʱоԼκش
һᾡԼܣҵģc(RQ)
òµǰΪ´ܽѧŻ˵ӣѹʵ:֪֪ľס֪һסʲôطסһһ¥ôһӾ׶ˡ
ҪǺѲĻְֿͣܽ϶Ҳͬµġ
˵һС֣Ψһ֪֮⣬֪ĳ࣬Ҳ֪ʲô֡
סͬһСӦвٰɡܽʮ־ᣬһͬʱ´񣬻ľ:ûϵǿһһң˵ˣ㲻ǻĽָŰָһϳġ
ҵ˵Ŀֶ˼֡
԰ҿָȥңһϳġܵ˼·Ȼʡ
װнָĺӵݸߵС飬ܽҪϸһƣͿְִ¥
ڿ˻һۣ̱ͣûĸղŵĻ⣬ͬʱܽҲϽеСӲɳ£ⱻ巢֡
ôСһôͿеħͻľǰͷĻ̶Զʵ
ܵ˵ͷ:ǶˣȻȥƴְոҴһָ߻ľ
鷿߳꣬ɫȥȸչǸʱÿˡһǹսͻǴ˺Ըһs.c.Ŀ
ȻҲݺݵһʡǱһıŮ͵ĳ
˵˫ǺϵǸұŮĻҳСӣһֱŵġҪǸʲôľٶǸ۸Ůȶϣ
ְ߹Լܽһȥϵĺ̦Ҳմһϡ
һҲֻǱŮֳЦЦ
˸Ů֮ӻٿֻ֪һֺǺǿű˵ԼҶӣĻзһ˿⣬ĪӵԼұ˶ȥŮ嶯
˵ŮǰְֵСްŮǲһСްֻ
ϣɵŬһ㣬СôùϵΪ÷ȡȢؼңԼܶһŮ𣿣
ԽԽԼã˭ҪһСһĿɰŮء
СãܺóԵģԽ¶һ֪֡СĳԻԣ̾ҪͶãŬԼɵ׷Сɰ
ܽȻԡ˹ȥĵ˵:ð
Ҳкܳһʱ䣬û¹ˡϵΧȹڳæµ˴Сʱһĵˡ
һ˺СһôҲӦùˡ
ͺϵһֱûʲô̫Ӧû˵óҲû˵óԣǰֵܽúܸӣһֱڴڴڵسţһһĵģֻʳСƵġ
Ҫǻ̸ղųζϵľǺͨļҳ˶ѣΪԼʲô˼ζ
ò˵Сһ￴Ÿͦ·ġ
̷һԿԷʳࡣ
Це˵:СãóԵĻԺÿĩ³д㡣ÿһ˵ˣϲľǱ˰ȫԹ⡣
ִܽӲʳСӣžмҳϲĴڡ
ÿܶҿͲ˰ɡ
һٴұŮ⣬չһҲˣڻռÿĩŶûУ
ãʲôԵĿԸְְ֣߰ҲѧŸġУոջعûй䷹ԣһô죿
ûйζûǮûǮζûסûԡÿ(á㧥 ;)Լĺûзԣ
Ǹ֣һٲԶûţ
ܽԼһʳԥһ£Ͻ˵:壬һģȡٳһġ
СаĻѻ̸ֻˣЦ:СãְָղڶأİɣûйôһСһﻹǴ´ģֻҪʲôʲôԶٳԶ١
СԸôôɰأɰĶˡ
ְȫһġ
εĺ˵ͳûٵضթʹˡ                        
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˳緹, ܽͻСȥ, һƴһ׸ղָ߻ľ
һСʱȥˣһָ߻ľſƴһ, ʮ֮һĽȶûɡڵٶ, ǲ֪ʲôʱܽ
ѽ⣡һҪˣܽʱͻȻ, Ǹ͵͵ɳСӡ
ְȥԺȲ裬û˵Ĺ, ϽӲضĵطװнָĺ˳
, û巢֡
ܽ򿪺ӣؿһöָҲԼʲôطƵĽָˡ
ǳʦ
ʦڸϿεʱ, Ͼ͹һöʽָ˵ǳʦ͵
ָܽϸֿ, 滹һַc&hͳʦöָȦ̵һģһġΪ۲һöָϸڴ
ǿʽͬĽָв, ȦĿҲһģһ, Ӧòɣ
һԭС˵, ְǷɴboss, 忴ȥֺͰְʶ, ò˵ĹϵղŻһ̸ء
Ļ𣿣
ܽãգգ˫Ҹȷһ£ǿߵĻ, һ˿ȷʵ:ֽ֪֪ʲô
ϣ֪Ǹ֡
Ȼ֪úõʲôʵʵ˵˰ְֵ֡
ܽԶʱȷԼ롣
ɣôɺϵ
ԭ׶԰õѣǳʦӡ˺ܾõˣʵһֱߣֻûǰϳѣ
ܽšüͷзųô죿һܲʵ
ְֵֹķˣôò˶ã˫ͻͬС˵дĿɳ𣬺޲öԷزźá
һ뵽ϲĻͳʦְֻܻ˺ͻȻѹ
뿴鷢һҲ룡c(RQ)
ܽ˼ȥȥһİ취
ܽҵԺȲĻ壬ʼӽ̽ˡ
ͷϵҲǵɫģֻâҪȳʦͷϵŰһЩûǿԶ̽⹦ܵĵز
˵˶Ա֮£ǳʦ˸ǿһЩ
壬ԡܽ˵ţݹȥһոմˮõƻ
СԡЦеƻȥõʱ˵ָСġһ
⼸ӵĶݽӴܽоÿκͳʦӴʱֵһֻ¶ůĸо
ת˽ڴǿ˺󣬻ֵķӦ
Ѿȷϣٷ֮һپⱾС˵ˣҲǳʦʧѾõİˡ
ʶһİܽƼˡ
˭ŮĶӴⱾŹѪС˵ص㣬ͨһʴŵ°ܽͺѻһദ˺Щ죬Ҳûϳݡ
ǽںѼУżȻһöָڻڹһֱɵŪ״

꿴ʱˣ׼űŮ뿪ҡ
СܽһֱŸղŵľ˷֣˿ȥûʲôЩĲɡ
ΪŮ᲻һûƴõָ߻ľץС֣ƴֵ˵:ҪϲľĻҪְֶٰ򡣡
ֻҪŮϲĶ̾Ͳȥһָ߻ľУ
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ܽؼ֮󣬾ͿʼּƻúѻܺͳʦĸӶϵ顣
ĩĲѾȥûгʦֻ룬Ҫôϵأ
ˣûгʦֻ룬ǰְ϶а
ܽжǿһףְֵܵ鷿½ǣ̧ͷС˵:ְְְ֣Ҫһ³ʦֻ𣿡
ԣڿļһɻ󲻽ʵ:ôˣãΪʲôͻȻҪʦֻˣ
ʼգ궼ԳȻͻȻðŮûʲôӡֻһźǰ޳мΪøոʧȥĸ׵ܹһ㣬ƸŮļҽʦһֱġ
ҳʦʲô£ֱӸְְٰ֣߰תʦòãǸŮڷϼҽ̿εʱŮнӴ
ܽԥһ£ӦҪ˱ܵģְ֣߳ʦϢô˵ǣɱҪһֻˡ
ְָһͽ
Ǹ˴˵ת˽𣬲¸ıС˵飬Ϊɴbossְ־Ͳˡ
ܽһףҡҡͷ˵:ְ֣еŶֻܺͳʦһ˵

ûгȻֻ룬ȴ˸绰أȻֻ뷢͹
ܽŰְָֻֻ˳ܽԼķ䣬ʼͨʦĵ绰
һǱߴæûнͨڶ˴֮˽ͨ˵绰
ιǳʦ𣿡ʵ
绰ͷںӵСռְĳȻһ£Ȼſ˵:Ǽðô˴绰ʦ𣿡
ʦпе£Լ档
ôڵ绰˵Լ˹ӵ䣬ʦ϶ǲŵģ˵ỳͬЦ
ϾһֱΪԼĺڸճʱѾȥˡһʱҪıٹ̵뷨еѣˡ
ԡ׶԰ѧǰ취óʦͻСѼ棬Ŀǰ뵽áҲֱӵİ취
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025

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Ȼ, Ƭ, ɵ:簡㣬һڿݵļְҪȥ, ʱϿܻ
ܽ˵绰ͷ, ͸¶ԥŨܽëһһ, ʵ:ʦǲ£
粻еĻֻԼںˡĻ, СѼʱһ졣
Ƴ˵Ļ, ҪҪȸߺѾҵϢأ
Ȼһʱ䣬Ӧÿԣ˵:ûУʦ֮ǰʱ, ԼʲôطҵĹܼ˵, СѾ׶԰ˣһҪѧ, ӦҲɣ
ʡʦʵ׶԰ѧ, ʦ֪طҪԼ, ʱ׶԰ſڵ㡣ܽе㵣ĳʦҲط, ˭ܴ׶԰ȥ, ֻԼˡ
ģʦ֪˵׶԰Ȼǰʡʦѧѧʡʦʵ׶԰ѧУλòԶǰȥʱ򾭳·
ʦͬļ, ܽü濪׾С¶һֿĵЦݡ
СѾҪأΪеˣ(/RQ/)

һߣҶϵ绰ĳȻһ˿ɻСûֻ֪Ӧġ
ѵѧϰϵ£ΪʲôҪԼ׶԰棿
Ȼղ˭ĵ绰
ݵĴһʮŮˣɫ԰ףȥʮһ󲡳ģ
Ȼϵһˮ߹ȥݵŮ˵ǰص:С̣ҵѧҸ˵Ǹҽ̿εСŮԸܿɰǸ
ϵ÷ԣĵ̾һ̲ס̾:ΪǼ£ȻĺҲӦͰɡ
һѾ´ȴӤѾƴȫСʱȴҽʿ֪Ѿزˡ
÷ŮҲ̫ˣǸƲ¥ɱǺӰְֲ֪٣ĺҲûбסЩһ˳ĿѺʹۣò׻˴ծϣǰҪΪĲ໨Ǯ
岻Ů
Ȼʹ˵ƵģС̣ӵ鶼ҲáǶʱ䣬Ϊ¥ɱ̫ҲҲͲᶯ̥ĺӸ¡
ĵóȻÿÿǸزĺӣʹԺʱ溢Ӷȥ
÷ȫԼϣһ˵:ȻôĴأҪ־ͶǸûĵĸĺ
ѵʱ򣬻ͺӾôˣһŶû¡Ȼ븺һʼΪʲôҪӣҺ㸸׵淢ģ˵չһӵġ
¹ȥ֮ã÷˵̵ʱúܣһ죬ٴμĺƴҲҪΪŮֻع
ʱ꣬ٴδӱ˵ĿǸ˵֣ȻĲһ£Ĭδ
ǵ˸ոϵϵһڣȻʼռԼİ˻ģ϶Ϊ·ʲô鵢ˣԲųٳûиϻ
ĸƺͬһһֱڰзԣһĬĬسѹΪģ˵䡣żȻͬĸ״绰磬Ҳ֪¡
ʱţȻԼҲȷǲֻ˶ѡǸ˵һֱһˣʼѶ绰ŶûС
ʲôѵ𣿣
ڵȻһС̣Ҳûˡ
ȻԸҲ򵥣Ǿȡһ㻹길ǷµļʮȻٶһЩ׬ǮԺܴ׸sгǽһСӣС˰ȵһͺá
==
СҲһôǾǲΪһһֱġ
һ׶԰ʱ򣬻ܾͲ̸ʱľɥʧ䣬ֱǸһʳкܲҪԵʳСк
һ£ҽʲôö׳׳һ˷߽ܵ˽ңֱܵλԱߡ
ڻСѴӦԺèèϷһ׳׳϶һˣ׳׳ÿճƯгʳСŮҲʼһֱճˡ
ʲô
Ļ붼룬֪׳׳ŵģϴδӦõӡ
һͷ˺öлӣ
ίͰ͵ţĵﲻҪ׳׳һӡ
ԴܱͬܽලųĺܲÿʳóԷʱ䣬һܼ֮尾ʱ
ܲѳԣлҲóԲȥ
ΪʲôϻкܲôѳԵʳأƫƫǻϲһֱСѳ
ΪСѵĻܱʾԼֱ̫ˡ
Ҳ²˵
ǲ£ԡ
ٺٺ٣Ҿ֪²ԼŶرóԣһܳ
׳׳صҺ̾ͺ˵Ҫ׶԰ĺѴ͵顣˶ӽѵ׳׳裬ĩæߦ桢ڣץʱԼƵӸãһٷڹʮңװ׳׳ѧУָСѳԡ
йغóԵģշСԻܽζϱ򿪵ĲͺСͺǰɫģһĸ״װֵӣһͺʳ
׳׳ܽҲˣϽһ࣬óһͺУױƵ˵:ãҲ˼ӣ滹˺óԵĻȶء
ܽŵʳɢζСᣬ֪׳׳õӿ϶ܺóԡıˣ˵ˣൽڣûгʲôζ
ʦ˵İ˸ʳﲻܳԣ׳׳ĺѣʲôİˣĶӦÿԳ԰ɡ
׳׳Ǹڷĺӣû˵ֱӶ˵ȰеУֱһе˵:ǿȳһ£ٲԾˡ
ӿ϶ȫóԵģǿ϶ϲġ
ðлл׳׳ܽʵϲŸպ࣬׳׳Ҳ˷ˣԼܳԵ©c(RQ)
һԵĻ޿:ܲ벻԰
СرʳĻܣرʳϲʳС飬ɰˡ
ôҲ׳׳ģҪһڶԣ׳׳˵ίޡ
Ū˺ü׶԰СС֮ĻҲףʱֱӾܾǻñ˲˵ġͬСһ˾ͻޣһ޾ͻʦҹ
Ҫǳһڰɣһڡ
뵽⣬ӣһҪȥı顣
׳׳ĺܺóԣûƭ㡣ܽһһĵģԼæųԶͬʱߵͬǿƼ
ڵİҧһָ֭оһھͻᰮϡ
ˣһȥˣӦþͳлζɣ
Ȼӣͷȭͷ󣬻һڸԲȥҲ޷ȥֻ׽˼¡
棿Ҳûеôѳԡ
ŵĴлûǰԹرӵζĩͻȶζظǹ˴лζ
һξãдлʳҲôѳԡ
̽ԵسһڣԥԥһСڡ
ûƭ׳׳ĺܺóԚG
ͷĻܣҲٵִЩͷкܶлӣһֱҲԲˣſͣ
ҲڼҳͲ׶԰ġ
ʣµһӣ׳׳ֵܸˡܽһݣһ˳˸⡣ڳΪࡢԼõʳζ󣬰ܽθһֱܺãô࣬ҲûʲôķӦûֹ
º󣬻ܸ·ԲСӣϵԵòһĳš
˵Ӱ֮£ԷԼǰˡĩصʱ򣬱һһ
ȥΪ˵СӰqaq
ͻȻ˸á

ܽϳɹԼ˳ʦһϲҰϲ硣
꣡͵͵ظҹһҪҪ㽲ܽʦûйעߣӴ˹ȥѹ˵
סĻһɻ:
Ȼ֪ܽͻȻԼȥʲô£ʵʵظ󣬲ĻԭвĽָҲһϡ
ܽһ֪ĻܣĻΣСѶڲٳɻС׶԰ſڵҡ
ܽүүʶģǰʱ󷽵ǳԡܹȥүү˵һ˳ͨǣȻطһҪˡ
´үǸģǰСӷҲ׶԰͸һźļҳ˵˵Ӧóʲô£Ҳͬˡ
ллүүܽ˵
СһҪʲô£ͳߴһУ̸Ϲȥ´үеıֽЦе˵
ܽɹ˵үү͵ܹ˵ʦ֮󣬾ŻȥդǱߡ
ſûʲô˳֡˫ַˣһΧš
ͳʦڵ绰Լʱ䣬㣬ڲһʮ֣Ҫһ
СҪ׼Ҹ׼һϲ
ʵΪԹߵİܽҲеСţϾһѾҪˣc(RQ)
·ڴĽָӣɻ̧ͷûŪǰǸ״²˵ľϲʲô
ʲôϲҪվڴſڲܿ
Ӻ󣬳Ȼʡʦʵ׶԰ſڣͬʱҲܿͿˣԱߵվŵСӡ
һСӣϴŵһɫ·ۣעⲻѡ
˹ȥ΢΢Ͱܽ߶һ˵:ãӦÿԸʦʲô˰ɣ
ΪСŮڵ绰˵صģҲһֱ˵ʲô£Լʱʮӡ
ʡʦʵ׶԰112·ǰְǸȹݣҪСʱʱ䣬ֻҪ̫ãʱȫüġ
˵ţͻȻƳԼѧߵǸСкĳ࣬ϵı΢㶡
СкôôǸʧѾõİ˵С棬һ˫۾ֱһģ̳ġ
̫ˡ
ҡҡͷ룬ôˡ㿴һ͵Ск뵽Լزĺȥ
֢״Ȼڸʧȥӵһʱﾭ֡ÿֻҪڴϿ´СӤԼز۵ĺӣҪȥһֱʹʧӵıʹ˳Ҳûз
û뵽ĸо
ĺѾȻǿסԼԼʹУŬԼҪڹȥȥ˵顣
һԵİܽϵץסѵָ֣Ǳվŵĳʦ˵:裬׵ġ
&Ȼ:
ã˵ʲôأһ΢·˼ӣһãʵ
ȻҲһͷˮ
˭Ҳ˵Ļ
ܽҶţ죬ظĵ˵:˵ĶģĸӣŵĻýָԱһ¡
ڸղţСѺͳʦһ˲䣬ͷϵŷ˺ܴı仯
˭Ҫ˵ĸӣֻת˽ԵһӦ
ָ֣Ȼ͵ؿڴƵĸоٴγ֡ҲûһСӵ仰棬Ҳûҵ档
Ϊʱˣվֻʧ䡣
ܹóСкӦСŮĺѡٻһԼСõĵһμ棬ͻȻСŮڴϱס衣ȻΪμСкһĸڲǰȥˣвһ˿ϧ
һ˵ֻ˵ʲôҲŵġ˭ں˵仰ˣͬźᵽ飬ղصѽָ
ͷԱĻܣһ뵽˺ܶ࣬۵΢΢ϣĹâϽ·ڴͳһɫӣָС
̣ϲʶְָС˳ȥ
ǡȻָӹָ˫ֶڲ
һԣÿһҹͷ֪һֻ̫Ǹʧİ˺زĺɵġ
ȻŽָȦĿֺͽָĳߴ磬ֲŵס͡
ǡ
ĺӲѾز
Ȼָȷʵǻ̵ġһҲһȦĿֶǡc&hֵдԼĹʸöָʱ򣬻˻顣
⵽ô£ô£
ȻԺһŽȫϵǰǴģ
𣿡
Դ鷿͵үүİ̸֪֮ڱкһÿ춼˼Ӧβȥ衣
ǣļп˵ʱԼӿֵĸί
Ϊʲôô˶ûҳҲʱʱС
ְûϵСһֱģ֡                        
ߣ*Ͱ͵Сܡݩn

026

/026

ȻԼЯһöָҲȡ
öһһСĽָһʱ, ͻȻһȴֿ޲ĸоǰÿγȥֵʱ, ϲģԼָסָֻ, ¼СΪо, ΪҸŮˡ
ڣ˷, ٴοöʿָʱȴ˵
ָһöָ, ȴǵǸˡ
һֱڴĻشĻ, һСһȦָͬҲܿ쿴ָһԣеڴ
˻úиС
ҵ𣿡һֱش𣬻һ顣
վڵСкüĿ, ǿ, һ˫Ͱһģ̳۾ʱһգգĿԼ, ƺרĵصĻش
ںеĿ֮, ȻһֱӿڴӦ
Ȼ, ˻һ, Ҳʱ, пܷ飬Ǿǡ
ҲǸʧѾõİ˻̣͡Ůµĺӡ
ҲǸк
ȥǸزĺӲ
ԭΪָʼ޷ƽĳȻ, ·ͻȻһˮ͸͸ġ
ڵ֪ôѶİˣһһʱ򣬾ͺͱŮ˺Ӻ󣬳Ȼһ˫Ĵֽ߬ţʹ첻ܺˡ
ˣôܻ벻һءôöϵʲôѵ
ֻǲԶѡ
ǸѾ顢ӦչͺӵİˣȻĵԼԼԲŻһֱˣÿиԼ϶ʲôѵĿԡ
ɡʲôԣһ궼һϵ
..ذ˳Ȼǰ벻Ŷѡ
СѣϴˣҲ衣ȻɬȻҺְǾʶ
ǰҲֻǾʶˡ
Σʼն޹ġȻٶ޷йҲһӳ
ˣĺǰ˵ģҲֻСʶˡֱܲ׵ظаĺӣİְйһθ飬йһӰɣԺ˵Ǻ̵һ£ϾôڴſԼԼ衣
˷ϵĻû۵ϣâϨԼĽָ죬һԲؿһȻСȣתС뿪׶԰ſڡ
ֻһͷˮİܽһѹĳȻ
ܽ:
ô£˭ܳһ¡
ΪĽָѾ˳úõأΪʲôͻȻչһc(RQ)
ѵղûаѻ
һĻܽССԴװŴɻ뷨ֱּ򵥵벻ͨǰչ
ĸӹϵ֤ݶһӾܿóΪʲôʦϻĺأ
ŵĽָ԰ٷ֮һȷġ
ܽվԭأ߶˿ľúܡ֪Ӧȥ׷ͻȻܿĺѻܣӦʦ㡣
ʦ
ˣ˵ɣܽĺ֪ĸϵ״ʲôϡ
ʲôò׵ĵط
ܽųʦϹŵָʵ:ʦСϵǸָҲˣָһģһġС˵µģȻΪʲôղҪ˵㲻谡
ȻɬЦЦ̾һ˵:ãСЩЩûΪô򵥡ָҵûֻҺС֮䲢ûκιϵĲ衣
³ȻҲ֪СŮΪʲô绰Լˡӿ϶ΪָСкµģСǰǡüһöָԲŻСк衣
ʦǵģС衣ܽն˵
Ǻܼ򵥰
ȻͷһֱʱѾˣٲ߾͸ϲϹˣǿ¶һЦݣ͵:ãʦ㻹е£һ顭ǸС͵ʲôûзɡ
ǸСһ׸һˡ˭СкĸףָҲֻǸᡣ
ʦҪҰ
ܽվԭأίͰ͵ؿųʦ뿪ıӰ룬ת˽巢ģĸӹϵc(RQ)
Ϊʲôû˿ֻС˵أ
ܽʦȫ˵ָͨϽȥҸղΪʧܣҴܵĻСѡ
˻ؽҵ·һȦһݴԱҵܶһڻ̳Աߣͬ˪ӣ޾ɵģ˭ܿóڵܲá
ܽ˹ȥԥһ£˵:Сûƭ㣬ʦ衣ҲˣһöһģһĽָ裬˭ء
ӣίģΪʲôû˿˵ġ
ðܽôҲûû뵽һֻѾغԼ϶ѣû뵽ȴͳʦ˶ѹˡ
İ컵µİܽˣµĿǲܣ̫³çҲֱ̫ӣŰԭԲĸϸ
߬еĽָƤţɥ˵:䡢ʵģǸҸоУҪ׽˵ҵˣҲ֪ôźá
Ǹ̵ǲ裬붼Ǻİqaq
ܽüͷ壬һ˵:Ϊʦ֪ӣ֪Ĵڣһ᲻ġԣһģ
ܽΪһֻӴСʮڸ֪˵仯ʦ˸ռʱͶѺãɢ⡣
ʦ˵ŮķbossְԭС˵еӪԵģǸˡ
ôһԼûκιϵѧôԣʦ֪СѾӵĻǾԲܲԼĺӵġ
ôʦķΪֻʣһֽˡĵ϶ԼĺѾˣԼʹ֤ݰǰҲѡȥţֻΪɺ϶ѡ
ɳʦΪʲô϶ԼĺѾأ
ܽϸԭС˵ľ飬ԵɡǳʦһֱΪԼĺǰճʱѾزˡ
λ˼һ£˶ȥţԭѾز۵ĺʵŵϢɡǸȥϢǼٵġĳʦ϶һ
ܽⱾŹѪС˵ڸտĸһξʱҲú֣ΪʲôϸҲһֱ֪ۡԭǱŮ͵͵رģûĸ֪ºͨҽԺҽʿæ࣬һڵز۵Ӥɻ˹ȥ
ֻһĳĿѾˡˣô֤Լûأ
СС͵İܽһ߼Ȧ֮С
ĲΪңԲŲҵģĻѾεСУԸܼǿһˡ
飬ѹѹѹöҪ޳ˣҲŬסûںѵǰһᡣ
СӺŮǰޱӡ
⣬ܽҲûͻش:Ȼǡ
ܼô˵еãͲȷɢȥٴαüᶨ˵:Ҿ˵ûһϳġ
˵öԣӦǻʶԼԲŻϵģԲǲ
ؼ֮ȥѰְҹɰְ飬϶ˡ
ԣһ
֮ͨ󣬻ܵʱȻʣаģҪһϳԼģ
==
ΪǸӵ飬Ȼȥְ·ϣһֱĲɵġ
žͲײ·ߵĵ߸ӣ112·ʱҲ˹վ
ʦʦ鷳ͣһ£һվҪ³ȻǰϤĳˣ͵ػعϽڹͣһվʱ򣬴Ӻȥ
ֻһվ߻ȥҲò˶೤ʱ䣬ҪȻԼεļְҪٵˡ
ȻҲڴ֮ͥģƲסԼ̲סǸСк顣
Ȼ˴ʮӣòײŵ˿Ϲװʼ׼
ôˣȻ㣬ҿӽŵڣһֱ겻ģǲǼʲô飿˵һͬŹװŮͲ󣬶ʮңǸѧĴѧѧУûпεʱ䣬ߵĿ׬ѡ
һüĳȻĵ˵:Ȼ㣬ҪǼʲô˵ģֻҪܰϵһæ
ǵһ磬ȻͻȻٻؼң곤˰ࡣ곤˵ȻļסԺˣòҽԺչˣȻ⸱겻ģòǼ˵廹ûðɣ
ȻĹģҡҡͷ˵:û¡ֻһʱᣬûܴӽյõϢл
ҡʼûǸСкԼһ뵽һĪҪ׽ĸо
ȻЦһ£ѵΪӵĳм̣Żְݼڵĸо
Ȼ鶼Ѿˣ׻ھЩʲôЦǣһֱsУȴûҹԼ飬Ǹز˵ĺӣоʲô
͵͵شһ۲̫ԾĳȻһˮ˵:Ȼ㣬ÿҪְҪչ˼ˣתҲ̫ˣʵڲеĻȻȥϢһ죬˰ࡣһѾڸûʲô£æǵĵ곤ôã֪ˣҲ˵ʲôġ
鷳ͬѧˣԼԵġȻǿһҲԼÿҪùԼЩĵ顣
ִˣҲûȰȥֻ΢һ¹ȥ˿ȸ˿ͣȻǰ̨
Ȼ״̬Ҳһ¶ûеӣֻҪǿԼļͬ˵˵Ҳûټȥ
ĹУûرæµʱ򡣲æʱ򣬱˵ԷǸʱ㣬һһ졣
Ȼ㣬ûһչԼͻȻһ䡣
ʵһλһֱ׷Ȼ㡣ʵͦģɲŮòؼǣ׷ҲûÿܱػȻ㹤ʱΣȿȡ֮ⲻھƣǳȻģһҶܿóҲ˼Բ̸ϵȻûп
ϴȻڿʱǸ˻صΪʲôȻûϰࡣ
ǾȻһ̫ˣÿҪȥüְȥģиֵһҲá
˵ˣλøд¥ÿȺȿȵĶЩСʰ죬ʵ
Ȼԣ㶣˵:ʱû㣬ֻȰԼϱծȻ˵ʲô˼ȥ̸ʲôѡ
һʱȻѾ̫ʵԺһֱڻС˵һĵĻ
ԥһ£ʵ:ҼǵĴѧרҵ﹤רҵɣһѯһ㣬˴DNA⣬ôҪǰ׼Щʲô
ȷʵ﹤רҵѧͻȻȻ⣬㶣ʵ:Ȼ㣬ʲôǵȻҲûкӰ
Ȼ:Ǽʵģһ£ҪһDNA⣬Ҵ
Ҳûɣ˵:Ҫ֤dna˵ͷָסѪҺԡ
Ȼ׼ȷĲͨȡȡѪҺDNAļ顣ǸݣʲôҲָ׻ͷм⣬ܸҪһЩĻûֱȥȡѪҺDNAļ⡣һһʮ˵
һҪȥDNAĵˣ붼ǻɺӲԼġ鵱ȻǰԼһ֪һҪĽԼģ˿϶Ҫֵ÷츲زɣDNA϶ֻ͵͵ȥС
ĻҪȥ沿ȡѪҺ鷳һЩֶξ˵ͷȥ⣬ᱻ˷
ԭȻĬĬؼЩϢ
ѳ˵ķֵ:ˣȻ㣬п׵ĻƼҵǸݣ°ҰǸ˵ϵʽ㡣
Ȼһ˵:鷳ˡ
ЦЦ˵:Ȼ㣬С㻹ʲôռְŮΪѵʱҲȻվͷ
DNAйϸڵĳȻʮָӡ
ǸӾԲԼġ
źĳȻܲסֱӵ˹ȥȵٴѹʱѾǵڶϣӵҲ͵ǰС÷˺ӵʬٴαü壬˵ʲôҲȥͣʬֵطӣֱҽĽ¾찲Żᡣ
ܸǹʹأߵйDNA顣
̲סһ˿ãϣɡ
һء
ȻԼһأֻΪһеĻҲС                        
ߣ*´򿨡
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ѽҵСӺɿˡ
ܽղæͻȻܿĻС, Ϊһ·ߵ̫, ұߵСӶɿҲ֪ڰο֮ŷԼ
ͷϵƯС, ڼһ㶼Ӷ˽, ʱְҲ֣СܽԼӡ
ô졭ӲÿˡղŰܽ߼ȥο, ûĸϳɹĺѻܣֳһС˵ģ, ڿԼƯСɿ, СһƲװ׾С¶һ˿ίίıСӦе
СӡϲСӡǰְָġ
ܽԽԽίְָģ
ڰܽİο, Ѿӡ費Լѹл˹, ߵСŮ΢΢Щʵ˵Ľɫһӻ˹ץץԼ̶̵ͷ, ɵ:ǡҪȻҰ±ðɣ
Сܼ֮, Ǿһ, Ұһ¡
ܽĥ˼, Ҳ벻ʲôĺð취, صĵ˵ͷ˵:á
ߵߣֽű׾ѧżУʦСŮʱ, ʼԼĺѱͷϵСӡ
ǵһܲŤŤ߰ġ˵ղŰܽͷֻ΢һЩôھͿ˵ǳױˡ

һֱѧʲôĻܣȴŮӱܸסˡ
СҵıǲѾˣȥ˼ӣͷû˶ܽɤһ䡣
ûУŬ͵͵һߵСŮûü֣ԼղŰͷôѿʱһ׼ע⣬𿪱սһأͿʦ˹
ӸղܵʲôطȥˣʦǶҲǡʦǰСӣһε˵
ǰֻСкһ˿ſžͻȻûӰˣû뵽ԴӶһͬѧھͱ˸һ𲻼ˡ
ղλʦ׼ССǻصңŷѧˣͷˡ
ϣֻСӡ
׶԰ֻһϿʱһֱŵţСӳȥȻСʦǵż
ʦǱ֤´βˡ̧ܽͷ࣬ȥͷҵı˼ֿɰ˿˸
Сһѽû취ڿԸʦȥ𣿡
Сÿζǳʦûע⣬ԲûӰˡԴǴζèèϷ֮׶԰СʦͶӸע
Ӷܴ˵ǹֵĴƽоֹССȣܿһЩԵĲ֮ͬҲֻԴһЩ׳׳ʱܺ浽һȥ
ôС;̫ͬͻҲ֪Ǽ»Ǽ¡
ʦջطӵͷһֻǣһͬʱŻڰоԼСӵСŮ˵:İɣһʦٰһƯСӣ֤ԭǸҪÿ
ȻÿһζΪЩӶææңΪ׶԰ʦÿһӶôɰǵЩѧȻϲӶ࣬ÿһǾչˡ
ԼСоˣܽƴС¶һЦݣظʦص˽ҡ

СȰһ£ڷѧǰʦһҪ
׶԰Сһ㶼ܲùܣ͵ĺԸڰ桢λϴסԣ˵ǰ֮󣬵»ߴߴ̸۸ͣ
׶԰ֵطʦȱľĺͰġѩòСŽ̨µѧະֵźòͣ
һʮŸѧˢˢһ˫˫ˮ۾̨ʱվԭǻٶķ꣬Ҳ϶ᷢˡ
˭ֻģЩɰĺǷƢء
ѩεĺܣСǴ󲿷ʱǺܿɰģÿһСʹеʱҲòϣչһСѣ͵ͬʮֻСȸ
ʦղŸǷֽǵôȥҳдһ£һ˶ԴѧУϽʦѩʼ˵ε£ϣǰСѿӻԾΪ༶Ŷ
Ȼ˵ô˵ջݵ󣬻͸ӴһЩҲһЩ׶԰ѧÿ׶԰ջݣСѧٻȥμӵģżһյģҲڼҳİȥݡ
ΪСǶһ¶ÿֻעԺֵͣ˵ҲûãΪ׶԰СεѩҲûڰϸ˵ջݵһЩҪˣѾϵ˸λѧļҳһһȥ֪ͨġ
˵֮󣬵µСҲۿ
ʲôջݰ
žǺÿӻЩĽĿһİɡ
ʦİ֮£±ÿİܽûвۣʦֽһֱڶֿһҲʦղ˵׶԰ҪջݣԸĿüҳﺢӱ
ջݣ
ͱСһܽ뵽ЩÿڵССǡÿһϵ·ĺƯҲܺȻ裬еʱɳϻž˯ˣ󻹵ְְϸϱӡ
ҪĻʲôأ
ܽţͻȻĵ׿ʼΪֻ֣Сܸ˴⣬ʲôG
һĿò

ѧؼҵʱ򣬰ܽȥһƲֵģӹһŰӡ
ע⵽ŮƵС飬ͷʵ:ãѧУò𣿡
Ůֵ̫ˣСжϲѧ⼸ı־ܿóǰÿδ׶԰ʱ˶ر˷ܣһ·϶Ҫ˵ܶܶ׶԰﷢飬͸СƵġ
Ȼ죬ȴһԲλϣżſһ´⣬һûһֵͷһƲֵӡ
ŮʱǱֳ߶ȵľԡ
ûܹҪ˳Ȼҽʦĵ绰룬֪ǲǺйأ
ܽ죬ְ˵˵Ե:ְ֣ʦ˵׶԰Ҫ֯ջˡ
ôˣջݺܺѽ굱Ȼ֪£׶԰ʦÿҳϢ
ŮӲˣԾͺʦڼҳȺϵС£ҲûȥһֱΪ
ʦ˵ЩСѶӻԾμӣΪ༶⡣ܽСһƲƵ˵:룬Լʲôᡣ׳׳СħƴľһСʲôᡣ
һqaq
ʱЦãħƴľҲ㲻ʲǫ̂ϱݵĲհɣôΪѹء
ЦЦο:ʲôᣬҲǰְֵĸα
ʵֺųĺӣͯɵġ󲿷˶Сȥѧϰ֪ʶ
ͱ˵ԼСͱĸϸҪڸûСѧͣͿʼѧϰüԣǰѧϰ꼶Ŀ֪ʶ٣滭ֲռܼʹؾͨҲ֪һ
ҲɥĲһСӣȥѧϰֿγ̵ġһҲҪȵӵٴʱ
οôŮ͸᲻ԼСʱһڱӦǵȥô಻óܵġ׬Ǯ㹻Ůһˣ׵ڱѧһҲûʲô
ҽʦҪĿҲΪŮЩʲô֪ʶΪǸ˿Ů档
û뵽ǣҵСϽĻͦǿģһ׶԰ջҲ治ŮСϽġ
ô˵ĺϽһ°
Ҫѧϰǻ򵥣ͰЩ赸١Сʲôĸʦȫһ뵽ŮԼϲģѧʲôѧʲô
ãѧʲôտֱӸְְ֣߰Ͱʦ㡣
ܽ黹ûбÿʦ˵ջݻв¾ҪˣڿʼѧҲ϶̨ϱˡ
ܽļгǿģԼܰﱨսĿʮʧ䡣
ŮɥСģһͿ˵:ѵŰְ𣿰ְʲôʱƭ㣬ʱһ㴩ƯŲ̛ݽĿ
һ׶԰ջжѶȣҹŮĳ̶ȣҸʦϼ϶̨ˡ
ջϣһٳΪȫ̸ڻ¡
Ϊϸ׵Դ˾ԼıŮı
ְֵܽı֤ϲ·ĽŲ˼֡
ˣ۵һ˿Ц⣬Ůֹ𣬼ֱ벻ŶѰ
==
һߡ
صеĻͻȻ˵:ְ֣ҽ쿴ˡ
Ļ㶣ʲô裿
йںһϣ̺λְֵ˼붼һµġǾ˭û߹ӣ/Ѿ˵ʵ
ڶͻСʱǾûҪʵ顣һ˵·߲ȵС˵ЩҲöǼӱֳͬ˵ĳ֮󣬾ǹЩġ
Ͼô˵һĺ˵Щ̫һ㡣
С谡һָء˵ţܰѷ·ڴĽָ˳
̿öָ̲סüͷ
öָȷʵںĸ׵ĶʱƷţӦͺĸ׵Ķɡ
ӴСʹ죬һֱ鲻ŵټ
ǲ׶԰ʲô̼ˣȷ˵СѶûѹˣ
Ҳûܡ
֪û裬СӵȻ˵ʵһֱúܡɵӣһŰŤԸˣԽĶʱԽװһҲ⡣
СӵʱѲܲڸٱһɣ
ûҪһ뷨һֱӣүǴԽԽͷԽͷԽӡ
˵֣ôͺһأȻ󻹺Ǹһӡ
ûĻ̣һʱľģģģ·һŨС
ʧȥļ䣬ûʲôӰ죬ɸøеʱӿһĪƵĸо
̵Ȼûֱӻشӣй⣬ʼͼתƻ⡪
ˣȱ˵ˣ˵ѧУ¸³ջݣûʲô뷨˵̨ݸĿ֮ġ
ǰȻΪԭ򣬳Ҫһֱڹ⣬ڹѧ
ǺܹԼĺӵģ׶԰֪ͨҲˡ
üͷ:ûʲô뷨Ҳ̨ݡһ鷳ˣȫɵվ̨ϱô˿š
ջʦ֪ͨмҳҪȥһְҲǻȥġСã˵һ֯һĿ̨ʱҿԸա
˵εջݣֹʡʦʵ׶԰һ׶԰Сѣݳȫ̶¼СһݵĻͿһڵϳˡ
΢˼һĿڵúܿ:Ҫμӣ
̷Сţڶﻹͦõġ
һӾתעһȥμջݵĴ㣬ȷʵҪСһ׼Ŀ
ԭ̳˼ħƴָ߻ľȤ⣬ûôױʲôȥ
òС˶Ժ󣬻ϵı
ӽ׶԰ǼʲôֵֹˣղžȻ˵裿Ҳһ㡣
ǵȥһ½׶԰顣
֪˭ô֣úѾȥĸ׵ƭĶӵĻͲҪˡ                        
ߣ*ԭŮϷݲ࣬Ե֧߲д׺ͻָ׷޾ʹԲˡ
ҪǰְܽԼС֮ճ

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, εջһȥݸĿòãǿͬʱʦύϸ˼һְ˵, һ̨ݽĿû˼һ̨ݽĿ, ƺҲһʲôõ顣
, ܽһ׶԰Ȳغͬ˵¡
ܽ, ԥԥ˵:ڻʲôᡣϺѵĺȵġ
ܱҲûʲôΣظ, ԥ˵:ûϵ, Ҳʲôᣬ΢򵥵ĽĿҰְ˵ˣֻڲ롣
Ǻðܽô˵ҲԼϺ, ĵҲоܸˡ˵ʵ, һ̨ݵĻе£кѵǾͲһ(/RQ/)
ܲ˼ЦЦ, ˵:ôҪʲôĿ, Ҷġ
ܽ˼:СѶԱʲôĿء
ܽûԽС˵, ֻһֻСʱ, Ҳżòת˵ʱ俴ӾС˵, Գʲôȫһϲͨ
ûһͷȥ⡣
Ҳְ֪Ѿڰ취ˣ˵ʱһƯŲ̛ݵġ, ܽԼְֿ˵ΣȻְ˵ڰѧһĿǾһԵġ
ڰܽĿУְܣְõİְ֣
Ŷܼüͬİְ֣ǣҲ֪ǲĴܾ岻̫ϲԼȻְֶ˵ˣǺѣõİְ֣ܻ᲻ϲԼ
ˣСʦôˣܽѹ˵:Ҫˣҿ͵͵ذѳʦĵ绰Ŷ
ֻԼ֪ĸӹϵζܲܣһ˵ȥŵƸС
ᵽ⣬ܵʹ˵:ְӦǲҺˡְڷȻЩ˵һҳߵ
Сȴ˿һºûٺͰְ˵йǰĬĬط
ְֲæûϵҲİ취
ܽȻҲѺѵϣ뵽һ⣬Ǵսȥķ˵˳
Ӽʲô
ʶ͵Ļ˵һرİĴǰû˵
ҲͲܽҲǿô౾ѪС˵֪ģǶϲôȥ֤˵ѪԵϵ
˵һ˵ӦôӼҲһãȻ
==
ʮңȻһʡʦʵ׶԰Ĵſڡ
ΣûԼ棬ԼҪġ
ǹʹĿĶõǸСкͷ˽ȥһDNAӼ
ѾԶ׼ˡ
ȻҲƼļģDNAӼķʵˣһξҪǧ顣Ա˵ճʡһʡˣǷծʮĳȻ˵һʾ޴Ļ
ҵĳ´үϳ˳ȻǸˣҲû룬ֻԭСӼ֮ģҪͶѵ:λҳ׶԰涨ѧҳܽ׶԰ʲô¿Դ绰Һӵİʦߵȵѧٹ
ȻڨڨһЦλѧļҳôǰʦĵ绰ء
ллүѣȻһǵȷѧɡҪ˼ˡ
´үͰףЦе˵:Ųš
Ȼһ
ʵԸСȴ绰һǸСкٺһ棬СŮԸӦò᲻Ӧ˼֮ҪõDNAҪĶȻͱü
̫һаĺӣԼĿģԲŻûкֱӹˡ
ˣȻʡʦʵ׶԰ĴŽȥô취ɡ
ʵ׶԰ԽȥõСкͷȻҲȷһڴġ
ãһ϶˯ž׶԰ʱû̫࣬ͽһҪŪ͹ˡĵȵط֮ȴͻȻٽһ
үղŵһֻ˳µһԸԼҽڵĻˡ
Ȼ߳ң׼뿪ǰĹվվ̨ȻûԶͿ׶԰Ľֵϣֻв׵ľ֮ڣͻȻͣһ۵ĺɫγŴһˡ
鵭ģһɫװȥȼǰʱЩ
ֻǡͻȻֵ˲ǻ̻˭
ǰյİˣȻ˵һ£ֱӽӲԭء                        
ߣ*һ·ǳǳСĩӸ(/RQ/)

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ô
ȻŰ΢, Ķð, ٴο˼ҹʱԺĵһͷ , ȻҪҸط
һмƵСкʱ, ҿǿάסƽȴû侲ȥյİˡǰͶĺ, ͻȻ֪ٵˡ
Թһʱܹȥ, ΪʲôѡһԵ뿪
ڸǷ¾޶ծ, ¥ɱ֮󣬼ЩǶˮޣ޲ɨԽԶԽãЩ˵, ȻȻҲѹ, һеһУȲͻȻʧʹ顣
Ϧദİ, Ѿ˻, ˺, Ŀеķôܻһأ
ʧ⼸, еʱ, Ȼ룬ûв𣬶ֱӿϲغ˵˷֣еĲʺԹ᲻һ, ˼᲻һ㡣
ϧû
÷Ļǻᷢ
ڵĳȻҲЩʲôֻϽҸطûú˼׼Ѿ֪ǸСкĴڡ
Ȼվڴϣҿ˿Χûκεڵֻôֱ㶵ؿڳ׶԰ķ߹ˡ
ĹĿȻһŽȣ߬˫֣ŬԼҪ̫ҵķӦ
λŮʿ㵲·ˣܲÿһ¡вһ˿ͷ
ǰһرǮĹӸ磬ԾڴڨƯŮˡ
ûĴڨʽһ㶼ֳͷֻǰŶбһţ԰һΪŪ쳣ΪԲʱˣԼһ˹ġ
û뵽׶԰ſڣŲҪҪƬŮˡ
ȻĵλŮʿĳƺǰȫɢһµؿǰˣ·ûдӵµͻ״л
ǸСкֿܻ֮ܶͻĳ˵ѡֱӵԼûпĴڣֻ˵ֱ˵غ˵Ϊʲô뿪Ѿû˸顣
ɳȻû뵽˵֮죬û뵽ǣ˵ĵһ仰ȻõĻôһĳƺ
λŮʿ
Ȼ㶣һʱûܴƺлɵʵ:㡢㲻ʶˣƽʱӦٶ۵Ҳڡ
üͷ壬һ˫ӿǰŮˣʵ:ѵӦʶ𣿡
ȻеɻͲͷпЦһɤɬ:ûУǲʶӦϴ˰ɡ
ʹڵ˶Щ״̬ҲشпһЩԾ
Ի̵Ը񣬾ôҲϲװһȫʶӡ 

̾Ů˵ΪֱĪȵ·м䲻ߵģҲ⣬һ˼ı飬ȴͻȻ˵ʶԼղֻϴˡ
Ȼɻ󣬵һҪҪȥûʲôȥİŮˣҲûٶʣֱӴ˹ȥ
վԭصĳȻԥ뿪ıӰһ˿ã
ΪʲôյİˣôöûϵҿղűֳӣƺǶǲˣͺͱһһ
ȷ˾ǻ̱ˣ˵ỳԼǲϴˡ
ȻеҪ֪Ѷʱʲô
==
֣ղΪʲôﲻءؿڵλãü壬һ䡣
ڿǸŮϵįʱȻЩѹ
Ǽ˹ˣղǸŮ˵ĳ࣬ҲʲôΪ˵ŮҪϧҲӦö
Դӳһ˶ӺһֱӵܵΪԼүӵĻ̣ҲûȥЩֳÿҪôҽԺҪôڼԡ
ѵŮ̫ˣҲˣ

ѩһӵĵ绰͸ϽԼͷϵĹ׶԰Ĵſڡ
ʱϥүĵϣһ߼ƵɫװȥҵĻ롣
ְ֣ܰôˣѩΪСİΣӵļҳ׶԰˵绰Ȼܷβܡ
ϵı鵭ģ˵:ʦιһҪ̸һ̸Ϊڵ绰˵ҽ˹֮ǰܲ⻻طܲҪ̸ɣ
˵һطŶȥ飬̻ǵһ鵽
׶԰ĹؾǶ࣬ϴүԸһ˵ʲôҲҳȽȥһҪúӵİʦˡ
sеĹ˽׶԰ȥ˾УøӣôɵذһŶӵİʦ
ãȥ칫İɡ
ѩҵĳ´ү˵һڱϸǼǺ˳ذѻСѵļҳ׶԰ڡ
ְ֣ܰǲ˼õˡղѩԬ԰칫йҪûܼʱӵҳĵ绰ൢһЩʱ䡣
ѩѻ̴Լİ칫ңһˮ
̶űֻһڣȻͷżɽ:ʦιҪһҼҶѧУ׶԰ؼҺҷЩ̫Ծ֪ǲѧУʲô£ֻ˵Ǽʲôˡ
ѩҳ⣬˼һ˵:СѧУͦԵģÿǺͬСһ棬ʱǺ׳׳ڼʲôˡҲˣ׶԰һǲ׼˽ģÿҲѧУʦһԷġ
ԴСС࣬СѾͱúȺ˲٣ҲǰһμӼҲûʲôĵطСʱǰͬĵ죬ƽʱûʲôͬ
ܵʹһԲǸϴүְӾ֪ÿһ׶԰˶еǼǣȷʵ̫ˡ
ѵѧУʦ
Ҳò̫ܡ
ӶӵİʦҲ˽ⲻʲôõҲûٶȥ΢һ㺢ӵĽͶ뿪ˡ
ȻصϣͻȻǸ׶԰ſİŮˣԸʻϵ˵:Ҽǵ·ӦмأȥҵزһŮˣ׶԰ſڳֹ
̵ֱǸŮ˾ʶġ
һʼΪֻҪԼڨ¶ıֲôһ£һԼΪʧȥļ䣬ŮҲǶʱʶɣ
ûֵ̾ǣղΪʲô᲻ϡ                        
ߣ*ʮҡ

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ںͰܽʲôӼĻ, ֪Լְָղ׶԰뿪˵顣
Сһ˰, ˭֪Ӽʲôģֻ֪֤һ˺һСĸӹϵ, ܾ취, ΪǲƭģȻ˵Ǿһԡ
, ˵ӼӦôأԴһ֪Ļһ⡣
ܽͷһ˼, ˵:ӦþҪܶܶǮ, ȥʲôطӼҲ̫Gˣҽѧؼҵʱȥһ°ְ֣϶֪, ѧٸ𰸡ְô, ûʲô֪ģ
ðɣǵȥӼĵط˵ܵ˵ͷ, ͬļƻ
Ѿ, Ҳ֪õļҽʦ, ÿĩȥõļ, ʱԹȥ, ԺҲһʱ䡣
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͵ߵ˶ҪȥӼʱһߵȴյһ˽̽ùƬ
иտƬӵϣָؽߵ棬īͫһĨ⡣
ֻһƬÿһ, ͬһŮ˵ӰϵĴ𣬺һҲͬ
ˡȻǳȻ
ǵģûڰиٳȻ
ǰϣŮͻȻҪŮ˵ֻʱо˼־裬ȻذһУ˽̽иٳȻ㱨ÿ١
õͻôСһǷƶͣһҪǱĳЩ˸ƭô죿ΪǮνʲôĿġ
꿴Ĺؼ϶ŮϡҪûʲô£Ůôܻͨʱһصӣְֵ֪ǰʱûгֹ
ÿ춼ֿĵġĵ飬ִ˲ƣ֣ʲôȹְ֣Ůһ¶бܡ
ԭ˸ٳȻֻΪŪŮ˶Ů˵ЩʲôЩʲôδȻѡؼҲʲôб˼Ҳ
ȴû뵽֮£֪һըԵϢ
ЩƬĵ˳Ȼȥ׶԰Ů飬ĵͻһ˵Ƭ
ֻżƬҲûʲôֵ˻ɵģƫƫ˽̽鵽һЩõĶ鵽˻ҵͷϡ
ҼʹѾ뷽跨ذˣ˵ڸǣȴûȫĨɾֻҪͻ˿
꿴һƬϣֵһһŮüëû뵽ǣȻȻͻǰйһΡ
ΪʲôҪȥڸǳȻͻ̸أٶͺ˲ġֻһС£òôĵġ
ѵ»̱֪ϾڳʧȥһЩ鲻ʲôܡ
Ů˵ʲôҲŮߣ˭֪ʲôͼһ춼ȥˡ
ʹƬأ˵:ȥ߳Ȼļҽ̹ˣԺĩԲˡ˵ɣ˵Ǻ˱ѧϰƻʱҪʦˡ
ˣٸŽһѧУ飬СѧижԣԼһԡ
ȻһʼͲ̫ϲŮעŮˣҲһĵˡȻҽǰӦı꣬϶һֶٵġΪĽٶһЩǮϵĲֻҪԺҪŮС
֮ȻŮҽʦ˵׾ΪŮڴϱ裬֡ڵ̫һˣЩŮȻϲҽʦһźǰмƵѾֵ̫ûٽй裬ǰŪ졣
ȻôҲѾˡ
ңŮҲѧյĴ㣬԰ĩҲȥ˵ŮٸһλõʦӦÿ԰ѳȻҽʦ뿪ɵӰ콵͵С
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ϣּܽһλˣһλͰ׵̡
ãְָһλʦһˣԺͽʦ
һλʦε裬ҲԬ԰Ƽġʱùüʴ󽱣ʢصsпʼѧѧҪܸߣ̳ÿһѧڶֽвŻ
ȻѾкЩûչѧˡһѧǰµģһСкҲʮ꣬ȴһСͯ
ΪsҪȥӽ̵ٵļҳȱȽǣֱֻӱܾˣŻ˵ԺûҪѧĴ㡣μ᰻ӦȫǿϽԬϣһù
ְֵܽĻؽһʦ
᰿ǰСŮеĲ豭:һҪ˵һ£ֻ˵ӦڻСʦҪУǮҶǲҵѧġ 
һ·ûκε츳츳̫Ǿ߲ԶġߵѧԺѧϰȱÿ춼ܿһʼͲҪѧҲΪӺá
ȻᰲãҲûҪһСŮѧҪǸϽһֱ߶߶ģ˵ʲôӺܹԣһҪʵ겻Źġ
ԣüͷһ塣ڹڵֽͬģƢҲܹŹ֡ﲻҪ󣬾Ҳûκΰ취ϾԬ̵ˣܲԼıŮ
ʵڲУֻȥһλʦˡʵֻҪûǮҲҲʦȻҪŮõġ
ڸһǸ̳ܵõĽ̵õĸʦұŮԺⷽչȥʵҲ˦ͬѧֵ˺ü֡                        
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ϱȸսȥʱԶ˼Ц, ˵:, ԺҼᰵѧ
ᰵжǶڽյһӵϲ
һֱɳϵȴ񵭵, ߵŮǰʵ:, ôϲϲͼʦһѧ٣ȥ̽ѧϰһûãںӵĸ, ںԼϲϲ
ϲҾøٵĺܺܽôټһһ, ҪȵϵЩССǳûҪ˸֮󲻻һҪ˯ĸоǵؾ˺
뵽⣬գգһ˫ˮ, ɤ, ʵ:ְ֣ܸżʦѧ𣿡
ղٷ, ʦһ, ܽûô֡
꿴ŮϲЦ, һ, ˵:Ȼ, ȻϲǾѧһְҪ˵ѧٺܿ۵ģҪ׼
ʵҪѧκε¶, ļᰣȦʦѧԺѧֻϸҪ
ܽ˼һ˵:ְ֣Ҳ³ԿġֻҪѧᵯôӣԵûʲô
һԵļҲǸŮ˵ĸܺã˵:涼㣬ͻ̫СʺϸǿȵѵҵĽÿܰһڿξͿˣúѧϰһЩ򵥵֪ʶ
Ȼƽʱڽѧᳫķ
һʼûͬ⣬кܴһԭӵ̫СһСŮٵĽ̤ȲָҲڷҪôѧϰ٣µѧСҲǿʱſʼġ
֮ǰ˵̬е㲻ãΪտʼѧʱһЩҳҪȥǼҵĺڿΣȻЩӵһ㣬ϸûʲô츳ͲʺѧϰһӡͷĺܶຢͶرСÿһԼѧĸ٣ǼҳѧģڸٱϵʱĲԸߡ
һ㣬Ȱٵļ˵ֱǴּҳĶˣҲͽرòͷ˵ҲЩ
ԭΪһҵĺӺͼҳҲڿһӡ
żʦרҵԡԬƼ˲дģãҲƼԼ
ߺ󣬰̧ܽͷߵİְ֣˵:ְְְ֣һҪ㡣
ȤЦЦ˵:ʲôʰɡ
ְ֣Ӽһȥʲôطѽһ£ʵ
̧ӣһɻһСȻ֪ӼʣΪΪʲôҪ⡣
רŵļʲôأ
ܽ˵֧֧:ǡְ֣ͲҪˡҲǲ˵ġ
סͣһ˵ӡְܽ˵ѻֲܸ͸¶Լѵܣܾᡣ
ԭŮȻҵǸСӱܰ
ɬɬģ˵ֺĲ²ǶԵĻôѾ׻Ϊʲôƴ̸ˡ
Ǹӿ´ͷпܾǳȻĺӡ
һʼѳȻйҽ̵ʱǵдŴͻȻѧ֪ȥһ»ܵͣǸʱУʱÿԺӵͶϡ
ҲԻȻҲһƭˡӦһЩֶβŰѺӸߵġ
ò˵үӵе㲻¡Ҫӣֲ¼еĶϱ
úúãְֲˡ꿴ŮһСģзЦĻôȻˣӦòɵĿġ
СӺܴ֪ģȻ鵽档Ϊ˰ܣԲҪֻ룬ĿľΪÿĸӹϵ˼档ǵ˽̽µƬϣұŮ⣬лҵǸСҲһԡ
ְֲܽˣЦЦһ
ҪǻʲôҪæĵطҲһְ߰֡˵԰ȥһDNAӼĻǮ֡
ºļĸӹϵ˫ǺϵϣԿһ°Ϣ̣ʲôġ
ȻؼǣǸһ֪Ϣɫ϶ܺÿҵڲȻһĸӣļӶһľѾӵˣŪôһ¡
ȥ̳ͻҳ׾ѡ
йs.c.ĺΪڻϼվȽŸһ»ϼš
ллְְ֣áܽŰְַҲ֪Сѵ飬ҰְְæҲûϵɡ
ıӣЦ:ְѵֻʱź𣿡
ֶµŮڶʼŻҳСְˡͲһЩ飬뵽һ㣬˵Ӽ飬ָ뵽һȥء
ֺܽǺǵرסְ֣һϣ˵:ȫϲ˾ǰְˡ
ԭڰԴ׵仰̹ˡ
ߣڱŮķϣʹĵذһǶԸӰɡ
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գܽĻϲذϢԼĺѻܡ
˰ְֵİæһⶼӭж⡣ڣֻҪٰѺѵͷüؼҾͿԸ㶨ˡ
ְ˵ֻҪȡ˫ļͷӼ
Ҳûô
ÿ춼˴ɨܽһŷŴ鷿˺þúþãһʦļвУҵһʦͷʦͷܳ˵ķҲͬһ֪СӵͷһԲŪ졣
Ȼ֪ܽǣȥDNAͷǱҪëҵֲУ֤DNAּͷܲҪ󣬶ֻһͷô٣ҲDNA⡣
ûкŮһ㣬ͷϼҪȻбİ취ŪȻͷ
λϻܽתĻְԼͷҲ˼Ϊ̫һ˲۵ģۡ
ܽ۵ᶼˣСͷ˵:ҸһͲˡϴСĿĵǣ۵۾ֱתʱְ־οġѧķԼĺϡ
һǿСѣһͺöˣذ˻ȥ
ȻһѰͷպãɰܽѧؼҸְ֡
ְ˵ʱͿԳˣʱʦһ˵Ļġܽһ˵˵
Ҳͬ˵úܣ֮һҪ׶԰ѧ
ҲܸСѣԺҲˣ                        
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дŵݣ̲סЦһ
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ӳ󲻾, һҽʿͻȻְˡоҪ˵ûκεè, š
Ū, ľ̾, ҵ̲ˮȻһܹ͵ˡ
ôһﻹͦģΪһĪʧȥ˼, ȻֱԼڹ˭֪
һΣ»ҵˮҲȥһʡ
뻢ѨɵûӡҵǼƤӵ»ƣÿҲ÷ˣһǣҲΪԼͼ˸徻
أȥӼ͵ٵϣסҪԽķԸ

ϼš
ʶǰˣ飬ϴβμs.c.ĻʱҵĹ˾Ա档
ʲôҪһˡʵ
صļ治ɫ˵:˵ºҪԸ͹ҿ𿪲ߡʵҰ㿴һӼı飬һһʮתȥ鲢ï֡黻¹ʵ̫㣬ԾֻԹһˡĻ˵Ҫ¼ʲôġ
ȻЩ²۵Ļ򲻻˵ġ
˵ôҪҲһɻذļˡӳһƬƬıһӣһԼһ׶԰ſŮˣ
һƬǸʲô
ЩҲ˵ŮˣĹȥΪҪȥҵȡ·ߵļأûʲôͷԶԶȲһߵĵչѸ١
üͷļһ˳
һݺļ飬жʮҳֽǰĺܶݶһЩרҵԵʣѧģһ˺ѿöܿöһд֣Ҳ֪⾿ʲô
ѪԵϵȷΪĸ֮󣬻ԭƽͬͻȻͶȥһʯͷһһ
顭ʲô˼˫սѹʵ
ؿĲƽĻ٣ϵЦݲ䣬˵:٣ҲǺģǿС͹׶԰ǺѵķϣŻżȻķֵһʱ͸
ԭǸûҪֵģҵ飬˲ͽпܵòκκôһɧ
˵ҪһDNAӼ͹ʱҲ˺һ룬ҵĺӹϵ˵Ϊs.c.Ŀĺܲžִµġ
ȻӼݣԼȥ֤һ¡ֻǸṩһ˼·ѣŲ󶼵Լжϡ
ʹ˿۵׵ɤɬ˵:֪ˣллܡ
˵ԸȻ׽һЩʱҲʵͦģ棬һ档DNAӼʱ˽м⡣ȻΪ֪һ㣬̵ûƽ
˳ܽ񣬱˳˰칫ңһ
ֺã´ϰǧˡ
˵ʵ»ΪǴһƵģȻ߳ŭ֮£һļֱͷϡ
ҺûٻһͷԵˣû紫ŵƢ꣬˭ˬһ١

뿪֮󣬶һԳ˼˺ܾá
˺һҲʮӣҲǶʮӣһűһԵƬ
ֻƬ˶žͷЦúܿģ˭ܿóǸʱϵЦԵģĵġ
׶԰ſڼŮ˵ʱ򣬸ĸоȫһʱУǲźįκεЦݡ
ҲǣĺӱԵ޹ʵߣԭΪʧǲĴڣʱ䶼ûлȥҹ֪٣ٴοʱͺͿһİһ
£˭ܶ¶ʲôЦأûȥֱӸһƣѾˡ
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⼸ȻһֱͲ²źãҪиʹӡЩģֻǼͨүˡǸѺӸ˻⣬϶Ҳġ
ΪΣͺӵDNA󣬻̾Ҳûлɹӵʧȥļ䣬оү˸ģܶ顣
ǸġΪѲȥ˵Ůѣÿһ꺢ӵڣһȥĹݣһҲûȱϯ
ڿһжǼٵģһĹӦʲô˵ĹǻҶû˵ֺƬҲȫǼٵġ
Խȥ̵ɫԽѿôҲ벻ͷӾȻôԴϢôһֺ塣
һûܻصڣû˰һӼ͵УǲǻүһֱڹͺһɵƵڲ
֮ǰ̴ûҪԼүλϣֻǲüǼռ˱ˣλѡԼȻںϼŵʲͷҲĸ׵һݣϲЩ˾ộˡ
үʹˣҲͿˣҲǰˣϼŵλûǻһˡ                        
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ͨõĳȻסַ, ͬʱҲ֪뿪ʱһ˶Щʲô
Ȼʧȥ˽һʱļ, ǲǰ֮ĸ鵽ô, д⼸ô, ¥ɱòðѲķĺӣҲԼߣүһּȱµֶθ, б˼Ƶ֮顣
˵סǼҵ˶Բ
, ĻԸӱġ
˵ȰѸǷµļʮծ, ÿüݹ, Ϊ˻ծٱ˵, Ըһõס, ôһʮƽ׵ĳסš
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̣㣡㾹Ȼ˼׼÷վԼſڵʱ㶣ȷûп֮󣬶ʱĻðɣֳűߵһľӣҪ˵ϴ
Ů˶ʶܾô˰һôֵľԼϴֲ.ŰǸϽץס˹ӣ͵:̣ǹҳȻġ
÷ȵùһˣ򲻵ֻܷ߷߲ƽɿ֣ݺݵصһǰˣͲûƿڴˣ̣ҹﲻӭ㣬˻΢ôһĵĻԺҪȻˣǼ벻𣡣
÷Խ˵ȥԽ屾Ͳãæ˺ü
ŮòײŴĺͻȻʧӰ֮ѳÿϴ棬㱣ƫƫֻˣڻ֪ܵ浱һ˶۸𣿣
ģٸһ˺ȻƴԼҲҪֻһ
̣лǺú˵Ҫֶŵġ̼ٶ֣һѸĹӷһʱòĵطϿҵ˵:һҪҪҳȻ̸һ̸
ʡʦʵ׶԰ĴſڣŮˣҲ֪Ȼ֪֪ӵĴڡѾ֪ˣôȥǲǾȥҺӵġ
̫̫ʡʧȥļ䣬ŲˣһʳȻˣӦòƭԼ
ȻѾûʲôĵˣǰ㲻ڵҲҪٺģ߰ɣҪǿ㡣÷ǰ˿˵ʹ޲жԶԶǧٻŮˡ
˵꣬÷ͰѷŸصعԭҪӵҲˡ
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ŮӦþǳȻСˣдţڳ¥ɱ֮󣬶岻õСչ˻е˵Ĺϵܺá
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ףȻСûƽ͵غн˵һֱãټֻ̼˫֮ìܡ
ʱ򣬼ʹ˵ԼЩΪʧ˲ǵģҲֻᱻΪǽڡ
֪ԼһжٵԹޣٵĲҲֻ¡ΪŶȥˣҲȻҪʲôʱֻܻһֱվ¥¿صš
˲һ磬ҲûеȵǸ˻ڿҪʱһ绰ǼүӴģ˵ػլһˡ
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ڻ˺Ƥ̧ͷһⶰ¥¥ǿų뿪С
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ͬʱҡ
ãְָһʲôѳȻͻ˵Ӽ飬ŮҲһݻ
ӦŮĶȻʳԡһӼ棬ҲѾˣشӻϼŻĻ㱨ݣЩ¶̫ܡ
һҲûʲôϵҪǿڱŮϣùֲ׬ǮأÿֵŮ𣿣
ò˵ͿŲСһͦģҲ֪˾ô֪ϢĲŮȻƭһֱڰж飬Ӷ˳ϲ鵽һϣ˵Ҳ֪ܡ
˭Ůأһ϶Ŵ̵
ˣְֻһҪ㣬ǰְָ㶨µıݽĿϾҲһʱѧģŮ׶԰ջʱ¸£Ҫ̨͵ûһ򵥵ĽĿ
ŮһʫеĳʫΪúӿԿöעƴ
ӴСʹܶ͵С˵Щڳݲ壬Ů´߼ͨ˳Ҳ࣬ȥ̨ϱʫʺϲˡ
û˹涨׶԰ջݾһóģʫĿǶôںԿڶĸ質Ŀӱ
ŮɶҪͻҵǸһ𣬶Դˣͷ۵ĺܡ
ˣǸҵСˡõһ̨ݣҲЩţܶһҲǺõġ
Ϊεջݣ껹רŸŮһ̨ݵСȹӣ֤Ϊȫ׶԰̡
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Ǯ´εȥһҪͬӼıһ

ܽõְָӼ֮󣬵ڶϾͰ͵͵Լͬ
ӼдŵרҵʣСС͵Ļܾ͸ûˣֱӷһҳĽϡȷѪԵϵ
¶ЦЦһӼ飬ͺͱһıƵģ±˸ˡˣûˡ
һҪúñܣȻĩȥ迴ҵĻսСȭͷС档
ܽһDNAӼ棬Ů벻Ŷѣһžְ֮Ҳܳ뷴ɴbossˡʣµӣֻҪúóˣתлıְֵɷˣc(RQ)
ܽӺܺãԼȻһת˽רŸõ˴Ըһֱϣߵ˶Թ˳˳ġ
ЩŬҲ࣬Ӧֵӵиõ
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ܼҽʦôǸֶ֪Ск, ͳ׶ϵϾ֮ΨһϵСѡ
ذ֮ǰӦĺԼǰ, һsĳе¼֪ͨ
Ȼ, ǰһĻкȻЩ㱡
ǰҲ˵һݼҽ̵ĹҪṩº, ֹҪһݼҽ̵Ĺ, Ҹṩһ¹
һݷǳ¹еʦʦݹ, ϴѧʱ, һֱŵĹ
Ȼһ¼֪ͨ, дŵĳе֡Ϊs, ȻһСȻȲһк, һҲsеص֮һһʦѧҵʦȥƵʸûУҪȥѶϵܴ
˵һݹ, ҲӦö״ú˲Ŷԡ
ֻǸСкΪʲôҪȥִЩִҪŪǲĺӡĽѾԶ׼𣿣
ȻҲףһֱ˼⣬ʼûһ𰸡
ؿǰ״̬Ůˣ˵΢һ:Ůʿϰ˵ˣоĻҪҪȥѧУҲǿԵģСѧиѡֻҪȥĵط
ǿשҪᡣһDNAӼȥ˻Ҫ˳Ȼٵĺ衣
治˸ɵģܵ飬ÿĸнҲô׬ġ
ȻѹĿ˶٣˵:ûʲôģҲûʲôҪṩݹܺãȥллܡҸŮ˵ǰܶ࣬г˸мǸмӣҲûʲô԰ǵģźĵطԺӦþûʲôټˡ
ЦЦ˵:һʵֻһҪǾԺŮǰˡ
Ȼ:ܲܰҽСáϴδӦĶСرϲһ˵ܵĿκҵҲɵĺãһ
һǮһѣֵǮѧҪĽȻ͸ˡֻڿҲûлֽˡ
ôһССҪ󣬻ǸСȥûоܾıҪѺ
ȻҲһݸʦĹĵرϲСŮȣԸѽһǮҲաСҲ̹ĵһѧ岻ͬͦ᲻뿪òִСġ
ҲйܾṩݹȻˡһǵӣûУΪûƾֻĴȥְ򹤡
Ҫӻ˵ĴžԼˡ
ϣС̵ɫЩԣһѯʹ֪ԭʱˡֻС̸ֱӹ⣬Ҳ뿪¥¡
ѹʱСⷢϢʲôʱͻȻҪԳǶһ̵⽡ǰû֮ǰ˾ȥԵһҡ
Ȼ̶ҵסôǰ׶԰ſһô£
ȻʱԼһ˿Ծ̽ŸĿ˵ʶһ㷴ӦûУֱӴ˹ȥٶӡ֤뷨ȴͻȻ˹
ʧٵ⼸׷ʲô飿
Ȼ˶ãܶŶ̶̼ʱ䣬͸оԼٴ˷츲صı仯
·صǰһжôͻȻ˸һ׼ûС
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ܽʦԺٸҽʦһ˫ˮӿԼߵְ֣ʮָؽţŴʵ:ְ֣ʦҪ뿪Ǽǿɲ
Ȼܽһʼ˵ҪΪbossְ־ĲϲʦŮˣһʱദĺϲʦ
֪ʦ׶԰ĺѣСѵĸ֮󣬶ϲ͸ˡ
ҳʦÿϿεʱ򶼶ģ˲ĿκҵάһС
ܽԼϴŵĺʧ伫ˡ
ˣЩ̡ǰش绰ȥĴ˵ȻΪŮ˶ԱŮͼĲµŮΣգ֪ŮΪͻӼ飬ŮӦûʲô⣬ҪҪȥҽʦأ
һ˼ջǾóȻԭôϲǸŮ˺Ů׽
Ůһ߻ҪܺòУ͵:ãǻмʦ룬ֻһĩҲֻѡһʦ㡣óʦôʦҪ뿪Ǽˣǲϲʦ𣿼ʦ֪ǻĵġ
ְֵܽķ죬˵:Ǻðɡ
ܿʦͿԺͻСĸˣһžۣʱͿʱȥҳʦˣô룬Ҳûʲô̫G
ŮôʹӦлôһ⡣
Ӧ˾ͺá
СͨԴ󣬵ʱ˾ͻ¡
Լͽ˻ҵһ̯£ȴϣŮҲ͡鳾䶨֮ǰҵһڣûȥӴĺá
ҵ⼸ŮŮʲôƲ磬Ȼǹ˾ʵУ˭Ӽ˶ҧءǸŵĳ棬ʹ˺ˣҲܶһ¡
¸ϴͻĶа˶
ͻȻӹ˲s.c.ĺĿԶ˻⼸˵ĵ⣬Ȼ뷽跨ûڹ˾Ӳùʱʱʹӣ֪Ѷˡ
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ҵЩ˿ɲԭˣŹӺŮˡŮͻҵĳСӴһ˾ò̫ȫ
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ְָҵʫһҳֽڵݽĿʱ, Ҳֽȥֱ, ðȫ
ĽĿСΨһȥĽĿѩû뵽С˱, ڵĴҲֻĿһһ衣
Ϊʡʦʵ׶԰ÿһջ, Ǻͺü׶԰һٰ, ԼĽĿʵҲв٣κǰͬѧϢڱȥĽĿѾʮһˣһ컹Ա, ¸ջݵĽĿӦֻࡣ
ʲôҪæ, ʱԹʦѩЦе˵
Լѧ϶Ҳϣǿõһεġ
ҪŶ
ʦ, ǻġһ˵
ʫĿС
ԭܻڷ, ѡ˸ĽĿ, ȫӦôźáڿЩⶼҪٵˣ
ȵ̨ݽĿһ, ֻҪʫһ, Ҳӵʱ䣬ֱ򵥵Ĳټˡ
ϲʫĿ
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ĩ
С֮ǰ˵ˣǲƬϵġˡóͳȻĺոӿһۡ
ǵġ˼˺һ, Ȼԥŵ˵ͷϴͰְ˵ʱ򱻷˹ȥСܽûôͻشְֵ⣬˼ְֵʲô
ְҲ֣ǲⶼ˳
ܺȻ뵽ʲôաܵԼѲӼ˳ϡ
ְ֣㿴ҿ֤ݵģҵ裬ƭˡźɫСкһ˵
üһ
̴·һDNAӼ棬ǰһһģһ
û뵽ĶӣȻ˻Ҫ֪顣ɴ˿ɼķӦжôĳٶۡ
ǰΪ˲Ӱ캢ӵĽԾûи߹ĸѾȥ˵Ϣû뵽֮£ٶҵԼĸס
Ϊ˵һ䡰衱ĳðĸ׵ŮˣΪ˻߲ѣѧУǲǽʲôɹƭİˣȥһ׶԰϶ӵİʦ˽ҵǸðӡѹʵ衱Ůˡ
ҲҿΪĶӱƭȥһأ׶԰ſڼǸŮˣл֪顣
ȻӦøл˻꣬ûṩһDNAӼͺǰ˵ʲôҲŵġ
ӵͷ˵:ûС衣
ְܼڿϳ˾裬и˲ѣ̧ͷһ˫ںڷӶǰİְ֣۰Ͱ͵˵:ְ֣ʲôʱȥ裿ǰûмңϴҼʱҾĶӣȥҸ˵һ˵òã
ԴίкȻЩܣְֵ̫ױƭҲСû衣ҲҲʶĸ˷ֿôʱ䡣
Ҫһ롣
ãְִȥ裬ʲôʱ򶼿ԡ
ܻȸԾÿҪɳ°ְºᷴڣϽĴ־קż˵:ְ֣ҵ·ʹϵһûˣھ͸Ͻɡ
̼һҪȲӣΣӦ:ãھȥ

̿ųһСںϵĻſڴϣһشΧ
Сʳǵǰûֻªĵط
ְ֣סС𣿡
ǵõ鷿͵үүİ˵һͼǵһС֣ʱ͵͵ش׶԰ܳ衣ϧƻûܳɹ
ѳͣԱߣǣŶӵ֣¥¥֮СĹϣһ˵:סΪһЩ飬ôְ֣ԵȻ¥裬ֱ̾ӱȥǵһ㡣
ȻСǶӵֻ̣Ҫ֪ӾŮģôҲĵѺҲһϳȥɡ
⣬ְֻ취ܺԼƽ͵ؽнȻ˵Ŷýһ졣
̣ô㣿㻹ûˣϴζ˵ˣԺҪٹˣǼҲӭ㡪
÷и뿪Ļûü˵꣬Ϳ˻̵վŵһӡ
һСкʹҡ
÷ɫѿ䳰:ϴһ˹ִһӣǷǵô̼ǼȻſϸ𣿣˵ôôûأֱ޶磡
÷ͻȻϴΪʲôûֱӺȥֻ˷ţ˸Ÿ
ĺǲΣ»ڻеδˣִźͱŮĺӹҫ޲˵ΪʲôͲɴͷأ
һ˴˿̵ļûֻ˵:̣СȻĺӡ
ѧˣԼĺӣһ˸͹DNAӼ棬Ҳһ˹
÷:
ǺǣΪô˵ҾͻšȻĺѾ˵˵ţʼЩʡ
һĺӣǰһĻŸղ¥µʱְֺĻֱС˹ȥһѱסǰˣ:̣
÷ԭڵҹӵĶһӽסˣдһ˿ţʵ:㡢ʲô
̣λܺһЩ
÷ǰСкԼŮģȻòװѺ󣬾Ӷجģֱܴ̼ӻ˹ȥҽֵ֤Ȼ˺ӣܲס˵ʲôҲȥͣʬֵطԼһۿǸӱ𻯵ģ˼ٰɣ
ܸСкԲȻǸӣ
׺÷˼֣˵:̣ҲӵͱŮµģǹǵģҾ㣬㲻ҪǵˣȻҾֻܱ˵ˡ
Ȼô˵ǣͲĺˣʼûܺݵƿ
㿴DNAӼ󣬾֪˵ĵǼˡ̰Яļ˳
÷¶ɣһţһݵģкһԿţ룬ǽӹļ
̸˶һʱļֱɫ仯Чﵽˣż˵:ܲҺͺӽȥˣоɻЩ飬Ҷһһʮؽ
÷Ӽϵһ֣ϵıʮ𾪣ջÿţһһС˸˽                        
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Ȼܿͻ, һɡ÷Ҷϵ绰, ſһԸ˵
ΪˣһDNAӼ, ÷ǾԾԲȻģ취ͷһʱ, ȵĺ뿪˵
Ȼڣ˱仯, һҲ޷ö⣬ֻȰȻ˻
÷ǰСк, ۾ߵĻ̺, Ҳ֪ǲDNAӼɵӰ죬Ȼӵ٣ǱӺͣôһЩȻ
Сл, 롣̼һֱڶźӿ, 򵥵Ľһ䡣
롭÷һʱ䣬ͺȻµǸӤ׵ϵġǰСк, ȻǸӤ, ô̡ĲǸˣ޶磡
ӵ, ҲζȻеʱ, ͿѾˡоδ޻źӵʱͻȻʧ֪ٻ˾ö͸
һԵĻ, ̧ͷ˿ֿ̣˿ְ֣˭û˵ҲһֳĬ, 
ʮӺ󣬳ȻŴҴææظϻصС
ܿԿ״ſ߽ŮˣСӭ˹ȥ:裡
ǰ÷ڵ绰û͸¶̫Ϣֻ˵̽ͻȻһ˼ԸսŵĳȻСкôĺⱻһ
ΪĸģѪʼǸ᲻ϵģʹ֪ӵʵݣȻÿÿӵʱܻ̲סһ˿׽֮顣
̼μڻˣҲʼ˵⣬еDNAӼ˹ȥ
⵽ô£ȻһDNAӼ棬˾ȵ˵ˡһֱڶŵСкϣһӶ᲻ƿ
ȻԼĺ
ּǲܵ飬ȻһҲᷢԼͷϣ˵·һ
ȻãһжһεĻϣԼһѹһѹ
ӵزһֱǳȻеʹÿÿҹ˾ʱһ£ܣ޲溢һȥ˲źá
ҲֹһεĺûһˣôֻʲôģǳĸְأǸ裿᲻ǵֽ衣
̱࣬ûٴҴţ֮ǰöһȥԱһЩ黹ǲú
ȶ뿪֮󣬽ţԼ֪ȫгһҲû鶼Ѿչκε⡣
ңҲ֪Լʧȥļֵ׷һЩʲô
ȷԼĺûֻǱ͵͵ر֮󣬳ȻƲסĵĲţǸ̨϶һħСк߹ȥһѱסΪʱ˿̵ʵ̫ϲĨĨ۽ǵˮ
Ȼ֪ʲô豧סܿģҲֹȥرסһ䡰衣
ӣܲٶҼ裿Ȼ˵ɤڲۺεʵ
СС͵Ļûж룬ӦĶܿ죬ֺ˺ü:衭
һԵ÷һĻмΪԼŮҵԼӶԵĸˣΪ̵İְֵΪһ˽ġͰȻӤ͵͵رߣôһĸôʱоʮߡ
Ϊһ˱˺ӣαһٵ֤ȻҲһֱεУÿҹ£ζźӵ飬С̵Ŀ˶۲ѡ
̣㡢ʧ𣿣ȻƽһƵȻŰѹע˻̱ϡ
ո˵йںӵ飬赭д˵һԼ顣ʱ뿪󲻾ãҲǸ¥ɱǰһ졣
̵˵ͷ˵:ʧˣǰһµĺ֢ҽ˵ûļ䣬岻̫Ӱ졣
Ȼԣһ˿ãȻ֪Ѿû˹Ļ̣Ǹ֮Ļ䶼ΪһʧǲǶҲ̫ƽЩ
Ȼ֪еĴʲôʧõϲѾܸлүˡĺӲûһ»صߣһж˵ʲôҪҪ
ѾˣԼҪĶ̫࣬ͻӵеģҲһߡ
оϵįʹ̲ס˵:ЩܵĿ࣬Ҷһһġ
ȻĬƬ̣˵:ҲҪĲֻҪһ˾㹻ˡ
ڵ֪ǰΪʧʧôõģԹ޶ûԹˡΪѾǲԼ˵ÿһ仰վһİ˵ĽǶϡ
ĽóȻúܣദһ˵Ƶĸо
ľܾüͷ΢΢һ壬û˵ղŵ˼ҪӸȨ
ҪֻҪģԴӦҪСԺһǴһ濼ǣǲӦġ
ȻСӵĸףȻʸʱӣͬҪӵ顣
ǶԺӵĲΣҲǶԼһָ
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ںϺ󣬵һʱͺ͵绰ͷĺѷϢ
ʱİܽʦĸٿΣһͨڵĸԣ׾СһĨõЦݣСѸеˣ˵:̫ˣһ˺ܿͿžˡ
˵Ҫҳȥءû飬еĿҲֻܺԼΨһĺһ
áû裬ֻаְ֡ܽдһʧ䡣
СȻѾЩûмԼˣô裬һ
ƺҲղ˵Ļ£˶٣˵:ãģԺ裬ҿ԰ҵһ롣
ܽʵҲû̫ѹְ֣ѾȺܶܶ˶ҪҸˡ
һʦҲͦõġĻϾͿٶһ˰ˡ
ߣ*ɰСܽo(RvQ)o
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ܽ˵һ仰, ʱࡣ
ĸٿν֮, ̿εļᰲû뿪ҡ 
֪Լѧ¸Ҫȥμ׶԰ջݵ飬Це˵:СÿԸʦƱ𣿵ʱʦһȥ͹ľġ
ǰСŮԽԽ˾ϲ
ԼиŮ, ϧΪΪŮڹ, һ굽ͷزsмΡΨһȻڹڣΪ, Ҫͨ棬Ҳֻڵϲܿü
ðܽȻûʲôԵ, ʶԸ̨, ֻøˡ(/RQ/)
ȥѧջݱݣ᰻һҪ֪ͨһ:ˣ¸ĩʦҪȥһУܹСϿ, ٿǲͣ, ʦЩһֱsУʱҹһڿΡ
ʦ㣿
᰿СŮһãֺı, ЦЦ, ͵:ʦҲҵѧ, ܸմӹμ, һĸټ, ˵ʤһϲġ
᰽̹ѧԵΪǸеԺͽһˡǾԼ
ѱ굱ҪȥʲôȦ, ƥ¶Щ߷߲ƽ޲ðǸ׵ĳСӸϻһٲźáôõ츳ΪʲôҪȥȦÿ̨ϳģһҲ
ϲŵֵļᰣһֱԼ츳ûӪϼֱ˷ѣʹΣɴ۲ĲÿڼӻôˣڸԼ
ʦ˵ʦϲ𣿡̧ܽͷһ˫ˮģһаʵ
Сôôɰأ
Ϳʮ˵ļᰣԸȵСĶ컯ˣһ˵:ʦȻϲѽС㳤ôɰ˭ܲϲأ
ŮɰôûŮŮأСֹǸ֪ﲻ֪϶ٱ
ܽʦ˵ʶʦҲϲʱһĵ˼ڴ
==
ÿһμջݵĽĿ춼ҪͳһвšܽͻʫеǸĿűܶ
ˣСܶȥ׶԰ʱ˰ļ١ʳó緹󣬾׶԰Сһλʦջݲŵĵص㡣
εջһԺٰ죬Ժеȣһºüٸˡ׶԰ջݵĹһҲЩٰС
ӦþСѺͻС˰ɣھԺſӭǵģһŰɫȹװŮˡվԼǰ۵Сӣ¶һ˿Цݡ
̵⣬ܽͻ˻һۣȻһ˵ͷ
ȻûǾ͸ҽɣСѵĽĿŻҪһСʱҲܿʼţʱ仹ţȥϢҡ
ǾԺϢСɶʮ˲⡣ڰܽͻ֮ܽǰϢھѾСѴˡǸԱڰС͵ϢҺΪбҪæ뿪ˡ
ǺáһСк߹ǴкͿȥԴһЩӡ
ܽԸֻ룬ˣСѹкҲЦЦʮòĻһ䡣
ܵķӦ䵭˺̧ܶ࣬һСк˵һá󣬾ͿʼһԱųĬûٴˡ鷳ĻܴС󶼲ôϲİ˵ҲֻԼΨһĺѵǰĻŻ΢һЩ
ܹεջ̨ݣϢÿһСлٶЩˣܹܽоõŵϲζֻһСѵΧģͷϵҲʼһɫ
ת˽ϲ˵ıܣܽߵǸСѵߣɤ˵:ҽãҲιŵˡΪʲôһﲻأ
ԭһڽḶ́ԼϴؿһͱССŮɻΪʲô˵ԥһ£˵:ΪҲ̨ݡ
ջݵʱͺˣͿԲùˡ룬˵
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҪһİ˵ЩǾǰСŮúƣ̲סҪ¶
ܽͷʵ:һˣܿһ𣿡
صص˵ͷûһԥ̨ݣҲȥϷĹ棬Ҫ
Ұҵĺ˷һ㣬һ³ɵġܽס֣һ˵
ܽȻΪʲôСҪڴ϶ܰΪһֻת˽ܸоõСеҪԸǾһ
ûа˵Ļ棬һ˫С֣ͻȻ˲١
ҽй̡ΪԭĹûѣϢҲûԸ档֮СŮͬһ׶԰ġ
ڰܽѣܸԼĺѻʶʱʱһźȹŮ˽
һϢôСӣüͷüЩ˵:С̣˵ŵˣȥ
Ů˵ĳ֣ΪʶһС飬Ϻò׶ļЦѸٲشλСػش:á
ȵ뿪Ϣ֮󣬻ܲ˹ȥʵ:ãղЩʲô
ղŻܱħʵһֱС䣬СŮ˵ʲôϧΪϢ̫ˣʲôû
ܽҲûΪղź֮ĶԻʲôģ˵:˵Ҫ̨ǰμεջݡ
ԣ¶:ȻμӣôΪʲôҪѡμӿԴһʼͲ취Ǻܼ
ܽҲΪʲôҲûΪ̫ãΪֵܿǲˡ
ÿһĿĲŵʱ䲻һ֮ǰϢСҲ½½뿪ˡ
ιȥŵģǸǹĹԱ
εĲź˳ֳ尢ǶڸǣݵʱӦվʲôطá
СȻôʲôôҲһһʮˡ
ڲŽ󣬵ȻǸظңҸ裬ʦ˻׶԰
ܽͻھԺſڵʦ궫߸պ߹ȥһС£ǵһһƿˮ
ڡƿ﷢̼ϵ
氡
ÿţ̣ûкȹˮֻСӾ̾ĿһĻ
СҲܽһʱ俴ߵĺѡ
죬һ˵:ˮҪǮģûдǮ
ŴԼǮĻܣͻȻЩڽڳϵʱΪʲôҰְҪЩ㻨Ǯ
ܽóЯС۰ͳһſ˷ܵ:ǮКG
Ǯ⣬ߵ˲Զ̯λԡ
ϲҪƿղ尢ˮܽɤŴŴ˵
ھԺſˮϲûƳߵСӣݴ飬ƿˮǡ
ϲƿˮǮǰǮ㡣˵ţְܽеп˹ȥ
ϲпһʱ:ֻֽˢ˿
ܽ˿ϲֿбˮзǳ᲻ã˵:ǡǲҪˡ
ˮ(_)
ԭһԵȳġźɫֵ꣬ˮǮСӣ˵:СѸǮɡ
ߣ*ȲˮСܽo(RvQ)o

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ʱǮͳһǮֽ, СӰƿˮǮˡ
лл硣ܽԼлðˮ, ɤ˵
ûæС˵ˮˡ
ͻȻ֡ҰǸǮİ, , ںڷһ˿˵:԰ֻ, ǻҸʱѽˮǮġ
ô˵ռ˵ıˡ
żǮ, ʱôС, ЦЦ˵:ˣƿˮ͵ҽСѺȵġ
ܽ룬˵ͺǸټһ
С˵Ķ, ʦ, Ҫİ˵ĶҲܱ˵ĺ⡣
, ˢǮ, ھͿ԰ˮǮ㡣ܽŰְָп˵, ûǮʲôоء
ô죿С, ҲˢءʱЦ٩
Ȧ, ϱͺܲһ۾ͿСŮепȲͣٿ˿ϴ·ȻûԵı, һͺܺã·һ㶼רŶģۼֻЩƸ
ӦСӣǾԺʲôΪʲôûдͬһأ
İˣʼնž裬սܽĶߣ˵:ãҿ϶˵˳ŶϲſֵģΪ±ϳ࣬ҪСһ㣬ֻϲСˡ
ܽ룬С仰˵ĺҲһûКGЩڴٵĻˣǶһͷԷϳܶĵӾﶼôݵġ
šȻǰûӾͷֵһôţڴһ֣ȷʵҲͦġ
ǻ𣿡ֱܽʵȻӦòʲôˣΪϸоһ˿⡣Ժ˻˵ķֱ棬౾Ϊֱ׼ȷ
ʱСŮ쳣ֱӵһӸʵˣ㶣ʧЦʵ:Сã㿴һ𣿡
ԥص˵ͷܽϵҡҡͷ
ʦǵһ䲻Ҫİ˵ûġɴĲʲôˣɣҿ԰ҵֻǣˮǮͲҪǻˡʱżȻС̫˼ˣ˵ķʽôôء
ʱ쵽ԭǹеģڵԼʵ鲻ôãһֱд¸裬ÿ¶кܶͨ棬ÿ춼ҪܺܶԸѹһҵѾ˵ҲʮֵزףѾܾûиоôùˡ
ɰСĿһС
ܽбֻ룬ȻͿʼԼеˮƿӽϾκ̫СˣôҲ򲻿ƿǡ
СҴ򲻿ˮܽÿԼ㲻飬ϰߵһʱȥõ
û£Ⱥҵġô˵ԥؾͰԼմ򿪵ˮСŮȻȥšһƿˮƿǡ
ʱǰ÷һԣڿֵµ΢΢ղŻŹҪҪСһšˮƿǵģڿӦǲˡ
һһźɫпˡݸ߸ߵ˹ȿ˿ΧĻȻŶںˮС˵:ʦҴǻ׶԰߰ɡ
Уʦ˵İ뿪ġܽҡҡͷһᶨ˵
Ҳͬ뿪С⻵˵ˣһܸİߡ
ǾԺſڣΪջݲźһҪӳԸ·в١˿϶ڴ֮ͥ¾ôǡ
˲ϣֻһץһ˵ֱۣ˵:ڶѾˣʦҪæȹҲСһص׶԰Ҫѧʱ䡣
ܽͻ˻һۣ˵Ҳ˺ܶ:Ƕʶ㣬ٲɿǾҪˣ
һ£ôСѶ˵ʶˣҪԼʦһԵĸʱע⵽ߵĶһ䣬Ͻ߹ȥ˵ŪԼߡ
˵ĳ;ü۵ģʲô׶԰ʦ˷ӡ
СӣᣬҾӵ׶԰ʦģһ֪ء˰Լ֪˵˳
ʱһɵؿˣȻСʵ:˵𣿡
ܽԥŵ˵ͷ˵:ĲʶҲ֪ô֪ǵֵġ
ǵȻǶԵϵģܽ˵ϸоһ˿⣬ĿֻʮܺͲֻҪϽ뿪
СŮͷʱϵĵЩûдôŹ:˵˼ʦģǾ͵ҵ绰ȥһ£Ҳôҷġ˷һбǰŪСѵҲûԡ
Ҫ˵Աԥ֧֧˵Լֻûϡ
ʱۣеĻɸôɺϵ飬Ҳ̫һɡ
磬ôˣʱ򣬸յԺſڵſֵĸʱںͱִϽ˹һ䡣
ʱ΢.˿дǧĵǣҪǱĸ˿ˣһ϶ᱻ˿Χµġ
Ͻ110˵и˷ӵҪСӡʱֻڸ绰ûػˣȻͲ110ˣôһֱȥ
ô˵һ۸ʱߵСӺͶһˣϽͳֻ
Ǹ˵СʦҹˣҪ͸¶һ˿ţһڣϽˡ
ԭʱǲ˷ӵֱ̬ȣڿһܵӣȷԼе뷨
ղżּûаСӽˡ
ʱԼߵСʵ:û°ɣϾǸղ˷ӸˣɱСӣ϶Ѿ                        
ߣ*򿨡ѾˣҲ֪ʲôʱݩn

039

/039

ڸղŷ, ܽʵҲûожô¡ϾطôĴ, Ǹ˿϶ҲǲҰСôġ
ղֻҪǸ֣ͻ̳žԺſڴ󺰾
ʦƽʱ׶԰ôЩСѵ, ڴһܸİ, лҪǣǵܵ˶ĵط, 尢ȣǧһ˲
ԸǿûŵС, ʱһ, һֱ޳
˴Сûʲô庢ӵľ飬ҪС۵ش˳Ҳ֪Ӧôȥοźá
뵽Ǹ龪һ׶԰ʦʱ˵Ҳ̲סһ˿Թ:ʦôôСС, ǾԺĴſأ
ʦΪҲ̫һɡһҪǸ˷ӶǿӲһ, ղŶ˵ֱӱߣֻСûһֻǵĴ, ǡɾͲˡ
ܽ˵Լʦ, С:, ܴ, Լչ˺Լ, 鲻ܹʦ
ʦһȥöģǰܽþԺͷĿ̫ȣŲ̫ԲҪվڴſڵʦ, ʦΰ˾Ժſڡ
ʱСŮһ׵ӣʱЦ˵:УҲ˵ˣҾʦɡ
һԵĻüͷ˵:磬ղŴ绰ʱ˵绹һҪҪȥ𣿡Ҳȥ¸У绰Ҫʱȥ
ʱ˵:һ˽˵飬ȻҪһȥҲûʲôϵ
ԭǴҪȥŵģȥһҪȥһһ㶼СӴھԺſڳʲô飬һӶİ
żҲᱻ˼Һݺݵѵһ¾͵Ϊһ㰤ѵɡ
ԼҲû˵ʲôˡǵøһsˣ˵˽Ҫ飬Ӧþǻȥ˰ɡ
Ӻ˵ʦһ˹
һֱСѵԭصĸʱǵʦڻˣϽѸղŵһһʮ˵˳
Сӣллˣʲô֣һŸлСӼΪֹǸ˿СѣСѴߣɾͲ˸Ūˡ
ΪߵС׶԰ıһֱܶǳԷ˯ڿϣСѴ£Դǳʦһʱ˾裬žԺſ˶ֵ࣬ǲŵĹԱӦòʲô£Ҳû˹С
ô˵ȷʵʦʧ
ʱҲǾΪ˼лǼС̫ɰˣû۸ǡ
ʦϴ̬ȳϿңҲûҪͱ˵˼ϾҲСѵļˣ˵:ŸлͲˣ´ǧҪˡֻ龪һ
ʦæӦ£ڴϳ飬ﻹСж޲ðСЯźá
磬ټһˣһк˵ģԺÿһ춼ҪǵÿŶںʦһ뿪ǰܽͻȻʲôСܹȥٱһֱۡ
Ϊĸͷ̫Զ̶̵Сֻطûа취§סĲӱһ¡
˸ռʱԼͷϵһ˿ɫӦǽһʮֵùûд飬Ժƿܻһǧɡ
ܽرĺãСǮˮǸ˻ˣùȥ˷ֱ֮ʱԼĺ˽һ㡣
ʱСͯͯȵˣǻ֮зһĵЦһ
̫ɰˡ
ǰôûо͵Сôɰء
׶԰СǵʦˣʧıӰʱջߣԼߵ˵:߰ɡ
Ѿsйˣ񶼻ûȥţҪǱ˼֪ˣ϶Ҫ߶߶һˡ
==
һСʱ󣬸ʱһСǰͣ
ǰһƯС󷿣Ŀ¶һ˿̾ʵ:磬ҰӷϿſ潲һŵڵĸо
ʱժ֣¶һĨůЦݣ˵:ǰżңҲҴСĵط
ɲ˼һֱòССʱӵƤСŪ˼Щݲǣ˼ÿѧڻ԰һڵſϷŹ
ĸæڹ⣬ʱСŸġһУҲţְֽϵףѧĸ١
ֻʱ˲ôϲ٣ҲδڸߴϵﵱңЩζϲ裬Ϊ̨Ǹҫ۵Ĵڡ
Ϊе룬ǰŵȻȻط˵ȥһѧԺ޵Ļᣬתͷȥμ˹ڵһѡĿΪǡ
ȻҵƿڣԴӵ֮ҲкܶĲ㣬ʱûкڹԼ
ٸһѡĻᣬ룬Ӧûǻ޷˵ѡһ·ġ
ˣСԻؾƵϢˣٴ绰ҡΪר飬ǿ¶sдϺܳһʱ䡣
ʱ˳ٴվһС¥ǰͻȻ˼ֽӵĸ顣
ѡĿһͨʵ̫ˣÿϵرܣֻ;ŵ΢һ㣬ˡ
ԴȥȦžͶ̬䵭࣬ÿηڴ绰ʱ˶˵䡣
ʱ֪ŶԸٵϲ֮͵Σÿλȥ˼ҵʱûذ⣬һ棬Ѿǵ춹ĵıˡ
㲻˵һʱæֻʲôſվŵ꣬û˵
ţô˵ôҲⲻһ쾭𣿡ʱЦЦסļ
չԼôȥȦľٶ˵ҲǺɸ֣ôĲ
ˣж︣ҲùЩˡԼ̽ѧӹ̵ģҪȥЩ£Լء
ˣɣҿɲΪǱ˸Χۡ˵ڴ۲Ϊô򿪵ӻˣǰȥѡһʱ䣬ڵӻǰĿġ
ʱ˼ͬˣõЦЦһС󷿡
װ޻Ǻǰһûжٸı䣬ΨһЩҺ͸񲻴ģڿõһֹƷ
һֻι״ֽӡ
žֹƷг֪ģÿγŶһЩ߰Ķ
ǰһֹƷôҲǻᱻóİɣ
ֽӵ̫ªˣĳͺССƷֲеҪÿöࡣ
ں棬ʱ˹ȥϵϸֿʵ:ţʲô
᰼ôûûصģϽаֻֽ˻˵:СӣͿҶҵĶҵһѧҵģãˡ
ţʲôѧ˵ĿǸҦອҦອǰµǸСͯȷʵͦġ
Ǹʱʱûȥμѡ㣬ÿĩڼ￴Ск
ô˵ءоǸʢСͯȫǻֹˡ
ᰰֻֽ·źã͵:ອҵһѧյģһСŮ
ꣿҲ̫Сһɡ
ʱдûsˣȻ֪ʲôʱһѧ
᰼һ棬˵:´ʱ䣬ҴȥǸСŮһܿɰĺӣ̫ϲˡŶˣպһ׶԰ջݣҪпյĻҰƱҲһţԺһȥ
ʱһԼʱ䣬ûʲôͨ棬˵:ãһе棬޲ڵѧʲôġ
ûмڷרҵϣôϲһѧء                        
ߣ*ƪ䣬Ҳһ㣬ЩŬӸȡ¸ᡣΪʱԼûȤŸˡݩn
*һͬĵԤգⱾдһԤնġ
  Ů롷
  ޻ǳɾĹ꣬һְĽ
  ֱһ죬һȦΪͯŮĶ顣
  ŮСʱųһС׬˹ڵᣬһٳΪŮԴԺƬԼϣԽԽ졣
  ɳŮ䣬̺ȾƣƬˣƣϲϣʧȥСʱһͯǡ
  ͬʱڳŮȴһ·߸裬֪ǰָͶʱ磬ӰŮһţΪ˫ӰЯܲ۷塣
  ȻʱԽĹ꣬룬ոձѡвǸһʱСɫ

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ȵ׶԰ѧͺӵʱ, ǸСȥǾԺвŵʦ, ҲλѧļҳصǸʾԺһ鷢ˡ
Ϊʡʦʵ׶԰԰Ԭ˵, Ҳһʱ˽, ˲㱻˶ϵѧ
Ӳ˴ԸҲֹͦ۵, ûбŵҳ, ɫһһѿ
һԵİְܽЩɫ, ֳ˳ӣ˵:ְ֣鲻ܹʦģҲá
Ըʦȥ, СվھԺſڵŵġ
Ůװ׾СԼޱеĿ, ԭѿɫ΢һЩͷ, ϸ˵:ְûҪʦ˼, Ҳˡ
ֻ뵽һ¶ѡ
, º׶԰ʦϵ, , úͻûھԺſˣԺҲǻڱĵط
ãܲȵȥһҺеҪһ¡˸, СѣñԱԷٴγ⣬ȻŰ߷һͬӺӵĻϡ
ڵûһ˿˵:Ҳˣûô򵥣ӵ˿²ʲôһ˷ӡ˲֪˵֣ð׶԰ʦ֪ǽںǾԺвţΪӦڱıŶԡ
Ϊ˷ֹŮֽڰܵ鷢һֱûаĴڣȦҲûа͵õ˽׶԰ȥ
ΪЩԵľٶsеĺܶ˶֪ôһŮڣε¼ʲЩҪġ
ٽһ֪йػڲĶѾܹµõ龿˭ˡ˵ʮа.žǻҵµ֡
뵽ĻѡȻҲ뵽
ԼҶӺСýü΢΢𣬳˵:ǻҵǼģһڻúúòһ֪
Щڹ˾һֱܵԶ෽ﰵԣֻСϷһֱûô
ڹ˾̣ЩҲղ˶ˣʳǶԺ֣û̵ˡ
΢˵:ǿԺǸָʹ˸ץǼүλ
ǲٶµģϾֺûʲôϵ˵ͻs.c.ĿϽ˺ϵⲢһ̯ҲҪһܡ
Ȼǵˡ
ںҪ˵֣
ҪԸԣ˱ˮڣǣ˭ԶıŮֻ֣龪һЩ˲ûе֡
Ӧк˼ΪһлŮûˣȻҲ֪ʲôỹվ׶԰ſƽ͵˵ˡ
ںһģһģοºֵԼڲˣصҪܵҲСӣôܻ᲻ͬ顣
á
==
ؼҵ·ϡ
ְ֣Բ𣬽㵣ˡܸܽоְϵľ²ְӦǵˡ
ŮŴŴһ˿СĶˣһһ˵:òҪͰְ˵Բ𣬽ĺܶԣְҲ֪Ǽúܴģһᱻ˵İϷƭ
ְܽòƺһ㣬룬ԼĲڴͳһˮƿӣױƵõְֵǰһ˵˵:ְ֣ҽ컹Сһˮˮúȵġ
ζأ
ְ֣Ҳ˼ڣ쳢һúȲúȣʲôóԵĶܽųְ֣پˮúȣҲûаһƿˮȫꡣ
꿴һƿʣ֮һҵˮһ˲䣬еĸȫʧˣһ˿Ц⣬˵:ҾģһڿúȲúȣʵְҲûкȹˮء
˵꣬šˮƿǣССһڡ
λϵİ̧ܽͷһգգؿĶڴְֺˮ֮ķӦ
ʵһƿˮ򿪷һСʱͷѾһ룬ҲٱģȥûʲôζһǾζڸȫȲեĹ֭

΢΢˵:ţζܺúȡ
ܽô˵¶һЦ:ȻúȵĻְͶȵ㣬Щġ
ŷҮְһˮ֮˵úo(RvQ)o
ЦЦûж˵ʲôƿʣļˮȵĸɸɾ
ߣ*򿨡Сְֵܽܰճ

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Ӻܿ͵ʡʦʵ׶԰ջݵĵ졣
ְְְ, ߵСȹӺòÿܽԼ·, һ˳ضߵְ˵
һɫĹȹ滹һЩϸС, ֲʧ, ȥǳƯ
ЩŮƵһר̨ݵСȹӡ
ϲõıŮ¶һ˿Ц, ҳ˵:ÿǼõȻǴʲô·ÿ
ְôԼ, ܽ΢Щ˼صͷ, ЦЦرϲСȹӣҲرϲְ͸Լһ
ΪŮεջݣֹһȹ˳ŸҵǸСҲһ·
ǲ, ˭ıŮεջô, ǱСˡ
ϵ·һƵĺɫСװϵһС, ʹŰɫȹİܽվһ, ȥһԽͯŮ
Сѵ׶԰ʦ, ˵һ·, εؿźÿ
ĺ, ģơ
Ϊ׶԰ջݣͳһż١Ҫ̨ݽĿģҳֻҪԼҺ֮ǰǾԺͿˡ
ܽͻһʫнĿ, ҪȱСȥĸСʱֳ尢ǵָ°Ŀһ顣
ãȸʦǹȥɣְһ׼ʱ̨ݵġ걾ҲŮһֱֱջʽʼġ
ǣҪŮİȫйϵʱҪȥһЩ顣
ܽգգ۾ûԱߵСһΪĸ߾ѹ۵ĴޣֻǴչȥһְ֣˵:ְ֣ȥĹɣһԼչ˺Լġ
ڰ֪ܽУְְҪȥϰģҲûоðְֵ뿪ʲôԵĵط
ֻҪְ׶԰ջݿʼʱ׼ʱСıݾС
ĿᣬԼҹŮͷиʦ֮뿪ˡ

ܽϴεǸϢУ˱ϴζһЩҺܶ඼С˲ʶġ
Ǹ·İ̺˵ģвμӽĿ׶԰Сѣݳ˳ھԺϢԿܺͲʱİŲ̫һ
ڣܽڽһԼʶˡ

ܽһʼҲû뵽쾹Ȼ̣ԵϢ￴˵ʱʮ𾪡
棿Ϊʲô
ѵԼĺûз
ǰܽϴǾԺвŵʱʶһѡʱ˵ԼҪջݵһͿԲ̨ݽĿˡ
ĳСܽܵǿҵԸԾͺһ֣Լĺ˽һ㡣
̣ô˰ܽüë壬ΪԼȥĺ˳ʲô⣬ߵĻСһ˹ȥʵ
һڽḶ́˿ȥûɵģСҲͨͨģһںܵĸо
ܽˣ̵ĺڰ׷ж˼ֹȻ뵽ʲôܿ
ҹ̨ݡ˵
ԭΪԼԸԳˣͿӵջݣǣû뵽ǣϸιð֮󣬻ǰ˹
̸оܣͲ̨ݣڻŲ͸Ӳ̨ˡ
ܽ⸱ģ̽Եһ˫С֣˵Ķͷϴݹ¶ŵ
á̰
ӰܹܽȷӦˣͷһ˿ż˵:СˣҪҪ120֪120Ǽȵ绰
죬˵:Ӧģǰ
԰ܽʱȻ򣬿ǡ̵֪ʲôطG
Ҫȥҹæ˵:ˣûϵģԼһϢһ¾ͺˡ
һҲΪÿһò׽Ѿͱøְ취ˡ
ȻЩǺԸġԽǲ뿴һˣԽпܻǰ
̿ŴϢſ߽Ůˣһ˿ʧ
̣ˣǸϽ͵ҽԺȥɡܽ˵жǶ״Ĺġ
ͷһ۴羫Ưİܽüͷû˵:ջݾͿҪʼˣȥһҽԺôüŮҪεһˡ
̵ܼ̬ȣס˰ܽ½ǣҡҡͷҪٶˡ
ȻСЩԼоõ
˵ԸʱԼŮȥҽԺ                        
ߣ*ϡ

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ܽһ˫Ưգգ, һ˿ã, ƺǶڸղ̿˵Ļ̫⡣
ΪʲôСѵ費ϽȥҽԺ
ôܰ
ղȥ̵Ķͷ, ĺ̵̺ġ
뵽, һ岻Ḷֿ́һסԼ½ǵС, оἫˡ
СܽؿԼʶѾôһֱΪ, ҲΪϴνȥһ, СѲŻġ
ǸʱҲû뵽СˣҲǻᱻ͹̨ݽĿµԸûʵ֡
ְ, ֪Լ϶Ͳٹ, һ̰͵ҽԺһ㣬ܽûлɹ
, ǹȥĺ, ͲȰȥҽԺ𣿡ܽɤ˵
ٳһ, ϣܹ˵̡
һСӶʲô, ܵ鲻Ҫ, ҺӵءûʲôԣǰСŮ뵢Ůջݵĵһ
˺ôĹˣջݵĵһϵ, Ժ»źܶǰǱģҪλС̵츳ѧʲôģôԺǰ;
οһѵһĺûᣬ˵ˣԼŮҪݵ֧赸׼ôʱ䣬ҪǾôΪһССĸðͷˣԺԼ϶Ҳǻڵġ
ҲΪá
С̣Լ˵˵ȥҽԺǼݽĿ
ҧҧ촽¶ģ˵Լʵ뷨˵:裬ҺܣܲȥҽԺ
˵һȫһĻش𣬹ϵıһ˲Щѿ
ɫЩίΪʲôˣ趼μεջݣϢһ졣ǰ˵ԼҪÿȥ׶԰Сһ棬ȴֻǸЩÿСѶһЩŬĺӣԺ϶ûϢǧܺһѧˡ
ǹԼͲŬԸ׶԰СһûϢΪҪˣһֱĻȥϷĹġ
裬˼СŮ˵ûҺȷʵ岻ȥаԺ̨ݵĻỹкܶ࣬ǻҪȹźӵĽԱһλҳˣҲ̲סڶ˵һ䡣
սϢҵʱ򣬾ͷӲ̫ԾСͨͨģɵ߹ȥѯʵʱ˵Լû£һҲٶ£ֻȥԼҺˡ
ڣԼ˵˲Ҳˡٲ˵䣬ͷҲⲻȥСС;ô£ҲҴ˵ô˲ۡ
ҵĺӣͲֹ֪ٻˡ
Ҳ֪ӵļҳôģǵһ̨ݵĻѣѲɻܱԼҺӵҪ𣿣
Ҫ˵ھ͸øϽԼҺȥҽԺ԰æȥҼ׶԰ʦһ£ҺӵĿȻʱĿЩ鷳¹һСѵ壬ʦǿ϶Ҳ᲻ͬġ
迴һЩ޹ؽҪ˶ܹȰüͷһ壬˵:ҼҺӵԼǶ¡ǰѾιҩȽĿȻȥҽԺġһʱֲʲô
λҳ˵ʲôɻûڣͱڵϵСŮͷҲص߳Ϣҡ
ܽ뿪ϢҵĸŮΪȥҽԺˣ϶˼Цݣֲ̫ȷԥʵ:С˵ǲǴȥҽԺˣ
죬˵:Ӧǵİɡ
ʵãǸ̴ǲھŮȥҽԺġΪ.Ǹղ뿪Ϣҵʱһֻۣסûпѡ
룬֮ûаеЩ˵ǲߵĺѸеʧĺܹǸСѵ״֪࣬϶Ҫˣ˵׷ųȥǸ̰С͵ҽԺȥ
ڸղ氢ܽ˵ǸҳһôܿĽʲô̾һ
ճˣҪźӱʲôĿ
==
룬һж׼׵ĸʱȿȥżҵС¥£Ȼٴ˼һǰǾԺ
˵˲ȥǣȥǣ㿴ڣſ׶԰СѵջݣҪϿֺī᰿ȫװΪεҡҡͷ
֪˻ΪҪȥеء
ʱŵ²֮:Ҳİ
ʱȻҲʲôôͿڴй䣬Ȼڵݣעһȥܼ򵥡ÿ˶õ飬һˡ
Ȳ˵޿ײּߣЩڴ洦ɼķ˿㹻һӦˡ
Ҳμĳ׶԰ջݣ鿴ûʲôñϵģŵͷͷǣһ˽Ů˽ӣӰæ֮гճμŮ/ӵ׶԰ջݡ
Щּ߿ʲôдġ棬ͳԹһο
ҪǴȽϺã취ŪһǶĳƬ¾ƺҲϴˡ
ţⲻҲΪ˹Ҫȵ˾ԺͲٴˡ
ȻЩĵ飬֪˼ұͶְҵкܴĲ޲̰ϻȥ٣Ժü̳²Ҫ֪Ȧﻹôƣ϶ֻӵķԡ
ڸʻϵļֻһȻͲٶ˵Щʲôˡ
ȻѾԺ۲ĲҲȥˣŴôСƬɡ
==
ܿ͵㡣
εջһʮĿܽͻ˵ʫнĿм䣬ߣһϲµ˳
ϾҪ̨ˣСŲŰЦеʵϢ֮ûڶߣǹС죬ͼһѹ
ϾԼɵӶȤһ쵽ֻ֪һħ棬ҲôˣôǰСԸɰȤ
ܽһҡҡͷ˵:壬ҲŵġСһ̨һԼʲôẦˡ
꣬ʱüЦ˵:ǼСûʲôŵ㣬ϲͱһ̨ݽĿλöСҪȻСһԺɴÿ궼һμջݰɣ
ʵǸɵϲͱһ̨ݣֻϲСһ𣬻Ͳ֪ٻˡ
ܽô˵붼ûʹӦ:ð
մſ߽꣬һ뷽跨غŮѱŮ˹˵:ãסˣԺҪʲô塣
Ϊ˿йĻСһ:ҡСˡ
һȵŮʲô˲ģ
ҼɵӳŮȢ˻ʱСûǼҵģ
겻֪ԱߵĻԼӴұŮ⣬֪ˣ˵s.c.ĿĺˣеĿȫغ϶Եд
ܼ˶һֱΧãȻҪһ̨ݵĴȥˣĵƲƲ죬߹ȥץ֣˵:ãһʫɡ
Ȼʫʫе㳤ղžѾԹһˡСѿܻһӾˣ˭ðܽͻ˶һСӡ
ǫ̂ݣȻܵһŰֽȥһҲۣҲûκε̨ЧÿŵһɫӣҵȻʫеʱ򣬻ְ
ܽεʫнĿеһ̨أҲûж⣬˳ظԼСȥˡ
СߣȻһ⣬˵:̣Ǳ׼ôˣӦòʲôɡҵֱӳ֣Ժܶϵ鶼ǻ̵ȥġ
ҲüƤЦʹ˵:İɣҶǵ˽⣬ǿ϶Ϲġ
ԻǼ̰ĲıԣϹǳ顣˹ʰ
ǣȻҪĺӱº֣ҲһԼܲܳܵס
ߣ*򿨡

043

/042

һСѵʫнĿ, Ҫ, ͺǰǽвŵʱһֽϵͿˡ˵ջݵĹԱΪСӵײȶ, ̨ǰС衣
ܽһ½, Ц:̣Ҳš
ܼߵСŮô˵, ҲŸһ:Ҳš
ι⾿Сɰ
žͺãģǵĹԱĸ, ϵĿ, ޲ñȥڲźá˵ʵһû˺ദˣԺһôɰĺˡ
ڽ̨ݵļ׶԰ôСѵУǰСѿ˵С, Ҳʡĵġ
ں̨׼ʱ, һֱλϵţҪҳһͬ, Ҳ, ֳܶĺӶҪ, Сôܲôϲأ
û, ̨ϵĵĿѾӽβ, ŰȹС̨
ߵС֣ȥ̨ܴСվм, οȥСˡ
滺ھԺһʫͯ۵һҲ˾ͻأһҲӳǷݴ򶨣ѾȺܶһ̨Сǿ̫ˡ
̨£ڼҳϯϵλϸףеȻΪԼӵĽĿ϶ȫõģۿȫ̶Ŀת
¼գⰲȥ£ӵһ̨ݽĿôֵüһҪúõı
˺ӵλְ֣СѵȻС÷Ҳ˺ǾԺֻûкİ˻һ˸˺üλҲΪ˱Ρ
˵ĹϵԼҲ˵ʲôģֻȸԹŸԵղصźӵİְֺ衣
ڼҳϯţһĸʱҲժ˿֡
ƣСӳöɰССʱ򳤵ÿɰˡ᰿̨ϵı֮˳ѸղĵƬøһԵ￴
ʱҲϳ̨ϾϹ볡ӣʱ˵ǾԺʱھԺſ˼Сѣ᲻Ҳ׶԰ջݵģû뵽ǣ
ɺϵǣСһȻ˵ѧ
СĻȷʵͦϲġʱȻͼһ棬Сɸ˺̵ӡ
ţʵܼСʱ˵ھԺſڰСˮǮл˶ǵҲ򵥵˵һ顣
˵Ǽ鷢ĵڶ죬ӵһ绰˵СӵļҳпţǺðǮȥֻܾˡ
һΪ˱Ϣ˽˲ݣ򣬲Ǯ飬ôҲһپҪʮĴǣôССӺˮǮҪû˵ȥһᱻȦڵЦģ
ԣüͷЩ:ôôˣĺ֣
ʱ뷨һģ׵öôʯĳˣŻСӶŹ
==
Сһ仨ʲôѽ
̨İܽһɻؿǰСƻССģֻƬꡣ
⡢仨͸ģ̇˫һ˫۾ںڷԣ͵:ְ˵Ų֮̊ҪͻģҾ͸Ҳһ䡣
ʱ˿̣Скеİְֻվ˵Ļ˵ɵˡԭ˼һװĻһ·߲ɹҰţ⵽ǴĸͰĲϵĶӰ
ʵǵĻСѲɻʱ򣬸ûж룬ֻǵؾСƻýϵСȹӺܴԾͳûע⣬͵͵ذԼ·ڴ׼ְ˵Ůһϲ
ǶܴһֱúܺãСƻͳȥʱûбѹ
ã仨ϲ𣿡ʵ
һյİܽи˼ˣ˷ܵ˵:ϲС͵һúģo(RvQ)o
Ϊյ˵С𣬺ܿʶԼʲôҲû׼СȴһֱԼһôƯСƻ
ʮ룬ȻŰͷϵͷȡĴ΢˼˵:ǸûлҾɣϲһͷؼͷ滹һС컨
СѻͻʱλְҲʫнĿ󣬴ǰϯ˺̨
ܿˣϽѺѸղ͸Լ׵źãԷְߡ
ϴΰְǵ飬ڶǵأ                        
ߣְԼĿеһֱδı䣡

044

/042

ǾԺĺ̨ܴ, ̨̨ͨͨǲһġ
, ʱں̨Ҳкܶ࣬׼̨ݽĿĺ, һĺźӵļҳ, ĴæµתƵĹԱԼ׶԰ʦ
Աӵֵĵطü΢΢, ǰ׼õװˮˮݸڣȻһѰԼұŮӵϱ, Ц˵:ȳȥ, ̫ˡ
˶ĵطҲãȥͷ͸͸һʿ
Ȼ, ûһ߶Զ, һλԱɫæ˳غ:˲ˣ̨, źСͻȻ˹ȥ, ˭ֻ, 绰120
СͻȻεˣ
СĽĿǾźŚGǸ̲ǶѾȥҽԺ𣿻˵СѵĽĿѾȡ, ԭʮСѳ˾źţ
ںˮɤӵİܽȻ뵽ʲô, ͷߵְ֣˵:ְ֣Ҳܸȥһ𣿡ҪȥεǸǲǹСѣܾﲻ̫ԡ
Ůװ׾С, üͷʵ:ãôˣŮɴԵ޹ҪȥֵСѡ
˵ˣ̨ͻȻεˣֳ˿϶ܶ࣬˵Ѿҳһ࣬һСӽȥСĿô죿
굣ԼҺӵİΣԲôԸȥ
һ˶ԻĻܣ˼·úܣڽ͵:壬Ǹں̨εˣܾʶѡǰ˵Ļء
֪Ǹ뿪ϢҺ󲻻ǸСҽԺû뵽ǣǸСں̨ε
죬϶úܶĶֲȫܹ⡣ε˵ܹǸ̲ԼŮȥҽԺȴ֪Ϊʲô룬ֻƾһֱȥ²ѡ
껹û˵ʲôһ˼˵:СãǱߵںܶ࣬ôȥҲȫѣһ˹ȥ
˵̸꣬ǵıʹһɫȹȥ̨Ǳߵ׷ʲô
˼ӣ˽ֻˣ˵:̨Ǳεһ̵СŮΪգ˶ЩԺˣԲ̨ǰͻȻ˹ȥ
ںѾȥҽԺӦòʲô¡
==
ԭ̨ľźСͻȻں̨˹ȥεջҲܾô;Ͼ׶԰СҲ׼˺ܳʱ䣬ôҾ˶顣
ֻйСѵİʦԼѧȥҽԺһʦ͹ԱֳάֱջݽΪֹ
᰽챾ŰԼѧСãܸߵ︵ʱʶģ˭֪ջͻȻ顣
绰ȥѯʱ򣬰ܽѾ׶԰ʦü٣ְȥҽԺ·ˡ
ʦ׼ȥҽԺСѡܽͼʦû䣬ȻΪǱ̫˾͹Ҷ˵绰
ڰܽԼȥҽԺ뷨֮󣬻СҲҪһȥ
λְֵûʲô̴Ǹں̨ͻȻεĺӱҽԺʲôϾѣһܹ鲻ʲô
СʱǵҽԺ
ʱں̨ͻȻεĹѾ˹ڲϹҵΣ˷յԺģ֪Լʲôط
˵˵ҳôģӶѾյʮŶȰˣٳŲҽԺúճë𣿣ŮҽŻʿ¼£һ˵
ҪҽԺСʱʮϣ˵ҪջˡôСĺӻڷ׶ΣҪθնӰ죬ҳĻúһӣ
ҽָ뵽ŮͻȻں̨εȥӣʱһ£ڨڨ:Ҳû뵽ᷢա
ǰµʱʮ߶Ⱦţʮ˶ȶûУҲû̫£Ϊֻͨĸðι˺ðְѺ͵˺ǾԺвš
˭뵽һʱ䣬ӵ¾ͺ˻һʮ߶ȾʮŶȰˡ
СӣǵҲ治֪ôļҳԼĺҲϵġŮҽεҡҡͷ˵ûʲô취ˣֻһߴΣһ߳þƾ壬Ⱥӵ½Ժ˵
һʱήάʮŶȽʮȵĸ£ʮа.ŻᷢչɷףôϵӿɾΣˡ
´һע⣬´һע⣬ҽһҪȾҵĺӡﻹҲðյˡ
һֱԺϸҪҲΪɲţСʱŬϣûҪԼĺӷεں̨
Ҳʮ»̥ģôܲۡ

ŮСŮĲţȻͬһ˲ſڡ
ƵŮҽռ꺢ӵ״߳ڼҳչ˺ӡ
ǼλҲǹǸӵģýȥˣǵȺЩɡǰͷӵ׶԰ʦ˶ֽ⣬ֵģϢ
ܽ죬ͷʵ:ҽ̣ܲܽȥһ۹Сѣ 
ҽͷĵСŮԭΪǸҽʱĲãҲ΢һЩ
˶٣˵:ǿԣֻһ˽ȥ˲ܸһǸڻŸգ˻ţΧҪУ㿴͸Ͻô
ܽȻͬˣƿţŲ˽ȥ
̿ſڽǰܽ԰׵϶˼־˵:ˡ
ʵܹΪεȥﻹôһ㿪ģΪͿԲ̨ˡ
̧ܽһԱߵĹ裬֮ǰûܰѹСѼʱҽԺо͸оһ˿ʧ
ʱΪС뿪ϢңΪԼŮȥҽԺġ
迴һ˫峺ס·ܴ͸ĵӣȻЩ޷ԣƵƿߣ˵:ǸС̰϶ûгԶȥ¥°ЩҪʲô
Ȼȥμ׶԰ջݣǶεεûйֹ裬ҲûҪ裬һµ˵:ԣֻҪģҶϲ
ҲЩΣ˵:ȥˣСɡ
뿪ֻ֮ʣ°ܽ͹Сˡ
ܽߵߣһ˫֣ĶͷѽǺ̰
һᾡġΪת˽İܽ˵
˵Ļġ
һԵĹ仰ʹϵ˵:ʵҵϣҵĲܹһ
ҽԺһʱˣҲȥϷĹѧ衣
ղᶼûһйջݵ飬ҪǷǰǾԲܵģһֱҪջݵĵһͿͬСӱƽʱôġ
ҲΪˣСС͵Ĺ̲ŲһҪĳ嶯ͷ
ܽĬû˵ղſͷϵŻɫԽԽŨȥĲһʱѺˡ
ܰܽԼʶĺټϣܹһٿһ彡⡣
ܽղ֮ԼҪҲᣬԼĺٽСһЩһˡ
ܽԼҽ̵ԼûڲϺܳʱ䣬˵Ҫ˵ĻԼеĿ֮󣬾ͺ͹С˵ټ
ôǸѵûкЩųԸŮҲһ
ܽĽëһƬӰ˵:Сġ
ȻҸոʹҽˣ˵ֻҪӵ½ܹûʲô£Ҳ̫ˡ
ǰ˴ͻȻεСŮסĸҽԺ⣬껹˳һ£סԺԭ
ڵ֪ΪҳĲκҽԺɴͷЩ
˼ҵĺȻܲţҲܣɲ֪ΪΣһıŮоͺȻܵýʲôദƵģй
룬Ů϶ᵢƣһʱҽԺ                        
ߣ*ȻһжѾְֵԴ˻ةc(RQ)

045

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һ, ׶԰ջݽ, Сİʦѩ绰֪λҳܽͻСѵʫнĿεĵһ
ܹõһ, С˵Ѿܿˡܲϵ, һ㶼ںǶԴûκεĸ
˾ٰ췽Ůϵӵ, ƽʱΪ˱ŮȫûȦֱһŮ, ֿôϵ, ô֪Ĵڡ
οǰų˻ҪڴϰС飬Ůĳо͸֮ˡ
ȻҪ, ŮԼҲν, ˵ҪϵӣŮܻ޷ȥܾ
һλСѵļҳ, ҲԸöϵͷ¶, ҵȺֵܽǡӵ, ͹˷ĵ, һٶЩо޶Ҫܺӵ, һǶҪæˡ
Сѱ˵ջݵĵһϵӣȥʱ򣬱ԥظһܾˡ
òȥŲȥأc(RQ)
һӶܾˣ֮, ٰ췽ֻջݵĵڶ˵һĽȱ
==
ĩ
ȥУ̰ܽٿεģʦ㣬Ҳʦһѧ
ãҽкϣϣĳһ׼Ĺŵˣ쵰ҶüڴϾԲᱻ˺ӵĴڡ
ϣʮ꣬˵Ǽ̹ѧ֮һ
ʦáܽǵüʦ˵ʦһϲĻԶŵһμʦ㣬ֻСӵĺĽ
ϣʦ̿εСŮЦЦ˵:ԭҵСʦð
ʦ֮ǰһֱ˵õСжôôĿɰԭлһ˿ɻڿȷʵģŴһȵСȷϲ
ϣԸ񲢲һôʵϣһֻõˡ
ڵٵʱ˵ʿȥľģʱôҲˡĸȥѧ٣ҲΪһԼöƤԸû뵽ԼԽѧԽϲȻһֱͺ͸ٴ򽻵ˡ
ϣ룬ǺԼʦһһͷĲˣû˼ˣͻصsУһС󷿣ռͲѧԺڵĽѧܺʦھӣǾ͸ˣ
Сãһֺ͸ղҵһΣʲôһĵطϣְһӵһ顣
ӵʮֲǸʱҪ࣬ǶֺС
˵ղŹм䵯һСŮȻʲôȴزвԵĵط͵ĺ˵츳ˡ
ȷʵһӡ
ҲѹּʦôСȽ츳СӵԸҲͬϲʦǺڷרҵһ˿޵ġ
ЦʱĺÿɰӴϣһ¿ΣͻָԭĻԸһָشһССѡ
أĺ
ѻĽëƵţС˵ģͬ˼Сʹ
ϣҪֳͻȻӿ֣Цеʵ:Сãûֽͱʣʦ㻭һФ񻭡
һФ񻭣
һﶼкĵСܽʦ仰Ȥ˷ܵ:еģʦ㣬ھ͸ȥá
˵꣬ԼСȡաܳٷ
ϣڵϣĿ͵ؿСŮ뿪
ò˵Сһһһʦ㣬һһʦ㣬ĺˬ
ʦõĸоǰʦʦǶǸư
ǸʱʦܣȴһҲʦ㡣ǰȥʦҵʱȻЦô˾ȻôʦܳЦʦ⵽׻ûˣ
ϣ͸ʱǰͷǶѧʱ򣬾;ΪһЩëƤС鳳췭ظû
û뵽ǸʦȥȦСӾȻˡһ춼ڵϿӰҲǻϱ˰ɣ
ЩȦķ˿һ۾ʹôһûòļһﾹȻҲܱΪ
ûһܽȥˮʱʺͰֽ
ϣֻһǦʣŻ˲ӵʱ䣬Ǽ򵥵ػ˼ʣճһٻϸڴһСӵԾȻֽϣ޼
ϣĻ滭ˮƽʵҲֻҵˮƽбȽϺõһˣ㲻رһܽСѾ㹻ˣء
ܽվһԣȫ̿ǰ˻Ф񻭣ʦ㻭һֽɴ۾૵˵:ĺҚG
ֽҲһСܽ
氡
ͺĳһ
˻ܽͷգգһ˫ˮۣʵ:ʦʦ㣬ܽ̽ѧ𣿡
һСһȵĶ컯˵СţϣʲôӦĵϵ:Ȼû⡣
ʦͿԽŶոսһԵıһ¶æϢܳһʱ䡣
ʱСѻòҲһѡ񡣸οǰСŮôɰ˭ܾܾĺӴһأ
ϣϷһŸɾİֽߵİܽҲһԡ
ȻϣڿСŮĻ˻֮󣬷˸һ˿Ρ
оղźӦ̫ˡ
Сڻ滭ϵ츳Ծͺֲһġ
˵⸱˵ĻͲһĳ                        
ߣ*ϡ

046

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ʦ, ҪǼҳԷ𣿡ܽϵĲʱպ, ͷһ䡣
ߵСӿĵطϣǳ˳, Ͻ˵:, ϻһЩҪȥͲˡ
Сһͷ˿͸ſɰС, İְ֣ȴһԸ, ɨʱ쬵, ·𿴵ԼʱĽ̵Ρ
Ҫ˵ϣڶʱµ˭Ǿ꼶Ľ̵ΣеڶˣǸӿεʱÿζᱻ̵θץÿζҪдǧֵļ, ڶӰڡ
Сʵ̫ɰ, ˸ܾˣŲÿĩҽСӻ
С󶼺ֲŭˡ
֪ܽʦ˿뷨, ľܾ, ԭϵСŮЩʧصͷ, ˵:ǡǺðɡ
ܽϲʦ, 첻, Զ֪ͼСҲõʦһٷְ˵ϲ۲˳Ϻء
==
Сܽµνǹö˶ʡ
һ, ׶԰СһϿԼˣոżʦ٣ʦѧ
ʱְֻȥ棬壬ҲʱʱͻһٷȻһڷƴָ߻ľ
ⷽе㱿ģƴƴһҪԻûһСƴĿ졣
һĩ磬ܽҲٴμǸںǾԺſڰСĴ硣ԭǼʦ˵ֻᾭϵӵĴǡ
ܽΪһСӣƵǲŶƬٶƵҲûϳ羿ĸǡ
˵ҵô˵õٽ֪أ
ʱһãȻСŮ°ôҲǳŶҪȫװ΢.˿ǧĵǺðɣû뵽ǰСŮ¶һȫʶı飬ղŵĽܣһԿĸϽš
Ƕżˡ
ʶûϵ͵СӶǲ׷ǵġ׷Ǻ£úѧϰϣһ׶԰ĺѧӦеӡʱԼһ̨¡
᰿СŮ˱ЦҡҡͷкС˵:ãϿʱ䵽ˣʦȥٷ
ţҪȻ˼ҽȥϢһ£һڿΰɡʱȻϲ٣ˮƽһŵСӻûġ
ǧСõĸٿΣһԼ̰ɡ᰿ɲСӹСãһ˼ôԵĺҲȦȥô죡
ʱžܾҲûʲôģϾһֱǳʦͽҪְֵؽѧҲ֮С
˼ϴ³ŲϿΣȻԸúϣջع˴ȥҲֳɵһ˺ü졣
һڸٿεʱһСʱڰܽεѧʵһӾ͹ȥˡ
СҲѧĺܲ´ǾͿԿʼѧϰ֪ʶˡᰶյѧԽԽ⣬ʱգĳɾһܳԽʦʦǵġ
ҲϿεʱԼѧʮϸճһԸܺͰˡ
ܽٿ¿κ󣬼Ҳûо棬һ
찢ܽûдңڼʦļϵĿΡ
Сã˵ǲǺܿҪˣʱɳˢ΢һƪýı˵¸ٳδ϶Ѿžˣ˵ǰĸ˵Ҳҵǹдġ
ֻܽϵűգգ۾һֻСֹȥļúͯ۵˵磬дĲԣ㲻ģԺһԽԽġ
ϴμʱͷϵŻһŨŨĻɫ֣һУĲãԺƻԽԽϴںǾԺſڽһٿʱͷϵѾǲɫһǳǳġĽɫ
ӦǸӰƵΣѾˣԺԽԽԲŻġ
ʱСӵİοЦЦ˵:ҾͽСһļˡ
˵ԴǴС֮д˼·ͬζһԭд¸裬Ȼ֮ھȫ㶨Լһдġ
ǰЩ죬ץһ͵͵ʱ͵׵ˣ͵˹֡
Сüֱĸǡ˵뷨ЩţпЩ췢ֻһżѣԼȷʵһӾͱ˳˳ˮ
ôţʱע⣬һ
ʱʵǰôˣ˵һμǸʱһԣС˵Сǲĺ˵Ըһô
һ԰Ūݲݵļ᰿һĻ:ʱ㶼ˣ۸һСӡ
ʱ:ҵŰҪ֪Ҳﰡ
ôһ˲䣬ʱоԼűĳͰģǰСŮŮ
ţ۸ˣҶ𣿣СһͲûֱӲͷҫˡȿȿȡȻСŮԸǾġ
ܽһֱ渵ʱ˵źû˵:ʦҺܺõġ
ߣġҰԼϲһְ춼͸㵱
ʱһ̹˲٣ﻹǵʲôղűԴ顣
ȥһõطԵóԵġܻأСʱժӳԣڶѾʮ·ˣϵҲӦ˰ɣ
ܽҲһԸ˵кóԵģǰһŸŸʱһö˵ܸߵĴ¡
Ȼڼȳһװ˼Ĵ߸ĸʱ˵ժȫǷַӵ飬ҲСʱһҪȥժõ
£ժӣеĿȪˮϴһ£˹ȥ˵:СãһӳǴȻκũҩŶǰԵʱֱ·ϲһͳԵģһСӣӦýһ㡣
ܽһҲûлĶѳԣֱҧһڣСһƵġ
ʱһֲµСģĴЦЦ:ζǲǺ᣿
ϽҲ֪ǲǻ죬ʮˮļڣζҲررᡣ
ҲΪˣССӲûаȫժɾһʽ״̬
ܽͷ絷⣬ġĺŶ
ʱڵҧһڣȻݶˡ
뿪sеһֱͦϽӵζġ
ܽĳҲѧӳһڣذеӸˡ
ʱԱߵСŮһĳˣ㶡
˵͸ʦ㺫ϣļϵӣȻǸʦ㣬¶ǶüԵġ
Сûǵһȫ˵ˡ
ʵҲܳԡܽĿİ˵
еˡ
ţһСԿɰ೤ĺӰɣ
ʱûô˾ůĵĺӣͷϵҶ˵:߰ɣȥԿǻζɬȷʵ̫óԣҲΪһˡ
ҪߵСŮ뿪ʱֻůĵĺӺֽ˵һ:磬ܴӻؼûȥְֺСҲһöҪһѽ(/RQ/)
ʱ:
Сѣȷڳᵽֺ֮Ѳ𣿣                        
ߣ*ĻְֺСo(RvQ)o
*򿨣

047

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Ǽ𣿵Ȼû⡣ʱЩӵظСժϵӡ
Ϊ˱ֳĴ󷽺ÿ, ժ˼
⼸𣿲ĻٸժһЩЦеʵ
ܽ˫ֱŻ, һ˫գգ˵:Ѿ, ժˡ
˾ͺá
ʱһСö, ǼϣǣСŮ·, С¥ſһˡ
Ҧອ
ŵһѧǸСͯ
ອʦ, ҲǽϿ𣿡СŮ׶԰С಻ͬ, СкڶСѧҵҲ˵ȽϷһЩÿϿεĴҲǲһġ
ҦອһڶСѧ꼶СѧʮˡϻһɫУ, sһ˽СѧУ, ̧ͷһ, ̵˵:š
ອˡᰰԼõʱšҦອӵʱرǿ, ˵Ǽ㵽ͼ㵽, һӶ
:, ղǸ, ອҲǽϿΡСãһλʦ֣ҦອԶСͯ, ԺҪѧϰŶΪһ磬һ磬Ҳûǰ˵СһʦʦãҲӦüŶԡ
ʦֺáܽɤغ
ʦʦöŶ
ܽӦøŬУϾʦʦǿȥһضҪǿ룬ܸʦʦʦǶˡ
ҦອǵһμԼʦã֮ǰֻżʦ䡣ͱСܶСŮںԼк̲ػһ:š
ʱߵĿɿɰСѶҦອ̬ȶ룬һסļЦ˵:ʦ˾Ը񣬰춼ö˵֣ʵûвӭ˼Сò÷ϡ
ܽ˵ͷϵſֿϲû¶Ĳˣ˵:ţ֪
ܸоõ
ܽһ춼ڼʦĺܿģߵʱлЩģ˱ְֱ˳
ãʦļ𣿡촦ɾһЩֵ£ܲ϶Ц⡣
棬ְԺʦϸٿ𣿡ʦʦǶǹʦϿεģҲһ
һ˼ʦԬ̽ܵģҲûʲôεģ˵ˣŮ߶߶Ҳһ£˵:Ȼû⣬ǼϲȥϿζԡ
ְܽͬ⣬жʱȸԾ̧ͷְְַͷϵлһЩȸմԽǸʱķ֮һҡ
ְȥʲôɷǵʼɶˡ
ְ֣һҪúõġֱܽ۱ְ֣һ˵
ȻŮΪʲôͻȻ˵һ仰ɻص:ְֿ϶úõģְֻҪ㳤ء᲻µģıŮ
ܽ룬˵:ǵҳˣչ˰ְ֡
ĻõЦЦ˵:á
Ůôôأ
==
ա
ۣãһһһԿŶˣȻΪһʱ侭Ҳֻ΢һܿϵıָֻ
ôܵһ˵
׶԰ûʲôСģСԼӼʳʦҲһԼල飬Ҷ̰ԣӰθڣ緹ԲˡСӺнƣ龭ʦֻܴԴͷ֣ôٳʳ
׶԰ÿ춼СǷţ̣Щţ̶ǴsнﶨƵ̣ÿһ϶ר͵׶԰Ȼ׶԰ʳðÿͺó
ƷƵ̣һ׶԰ͬʱȫеĺܶ׶԰
һһĳ齱һʱ׶԰Сǣÿţ̵ĻԶ˺ܶࡣ
нʲǺܸߣһڹȥˣʡʦʵ׶԰ʮСѣÿ춼ţ̳齱˵ĴҲ;šʮεӡ
֮˾šʮΣҲֻáҲ֣͡ΪЩнĴУζǰܽһеġ
ܽͱнȴв˵СѲһÿ綼һνһûС
Լ̫ˡ
ʵţ̶ʳðַŵģһһƿ˭Ҳ֪һƿнаСѼһ˺üΣҪеţ̣ܽͬˣнһ
ܽΪһֻmaxת˽𣬲ܹ˴ˣԼҲǺ˲ϣֻǰûгΪֵ࣬òԶѡ
Сˣſڵʳð̵˹ȥһţ̣Це˵Ȼõѯʵȴ͸¶һ˿⡣
ܽ˵ͷЦЦ˵:šҲİκʵ̫ˣ´λӦûôõСţ̡
˵ʵҪĻеһһƿĻֻܽõըС˵нţ̿һСˡ
ʳó緹֮󣬰ܽŻС˵һص˽ңȻִԼͳӡ
ССҸӣȥʦļҴժġܽ߸˵˵ںǾԺſڣĴ硣Ǹ˻ˣǸˮǮ
ܿӣüͷɵʵ:áӺó𣿡
ӵοһҲƯڼԹİװֵӲô󰡡
ܽѵ⣬ʵʵ˵:šζеᣬӣҪĻҿһԡ
ܽһӡһڼʦҺʹһԵģһϻؼҵʱԼԵģְҲˣ˳һǴġ
ժЩȻѾժ϶Ҳ˷ˡÿγԵ󣬰ܽûôˣԽԽͷ
Сӣϴˮر߰еϴɾ֮󣬾ҧһڡ
ܺͰܽһγʱıһģһģƴСĸƵģãӺᰡ
ߣ*ίͰ͵Сܡ

048

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, ӺᰡСкԴһ˿ί
ܽԶ, ԽҲûжôᣬ󷽵ذѸղų齱һţ, ݸߵĻС, ˵:ȵţ̰ɣζġ
Լ, ֮ǰ͸ĲݮǿԳԡÿ찢ֻܽϲԵĲݮǣΪְ˵ǳԶ˻᳤, СӲ, Բԣÿֻܳš
ܽӹͬţ̺һڣ΢΢ɬζűѹȥһЩ
ӶҪ꣬˷Ŷܽ˿ı, ˵һ, ʵԼھûôˣûƭ㡣
Ϊ֤˵Ķ, ܽҧһڸ˸ʾ
:
ȻӲһ, ɻܻʵʵ, еӸˡϾһСӺ, ߵŮӾζܲ, 벻ʦĻȥ˷ʳ
ʵʵܲѳԵ˲ܵʳҲô˲ܽܣСһ߿ӣһ߿ֵ
, СѾڽһһڵذӳԵøɸɾģһ㶼û˷ѡ
º󣬻ԼȻ뵽ʲô˵:ˣã˵ȥ԰ϻҪҪҲһȥ
ڣҵķ֮һʡʦʵ׶԰ҲǷżٵģĩһŷ졣
ܽһðֵСѣֿԳȥĺ飬һ㶼ܾ
Ҫؼȥһ°ְֲ֪ɲȥԴǴںǾԺſڲ㱻˸ץְ֮춼ĻˣΪСѵİܽðְٵģʲôŵĻǰһ°ְ֡
ûϵ廹أҵĻظѵľΪİְҲġ
ȥ԰İţΪ迪˵ˣְֲһӴӦôˬ죬Ȼ϶ҪһȺˡ
ܲϲͱȥЩطΪǼȲպʳҲ˵ֻһվԱߣֹ˽ӽԼ
ǸϲͰְ裬Լĺһȥ档
==
ϻؼҵʱ򣬰ܽ˰ְйڻСԼһ԰顣
Ѹкõˮ̷Ůǰ˶٣˵:ãһȥ԰ٴһ㣬ǲǡ̫㣿
ɵŮһ˴һˣⲻǴȥ˵𣿣ڱ˼ͳȥ棬ǲһģȥĻһ·߶˿ô죿
˵ʲôҲģûҵ˵ԼıŮȥģĻڼпܻѰ
СİܽûСһǧߵݡְɣԥ˵:ᰡС˵԰ſһرıܵ꣬ҪźܳĶܳԵõ˵ȥʱҪȥأҳʦҲܻӭҵģҲȥҳʦŹζá
ֻܽתСرܻӭÿĻææҶϲȻˣҲϲҡ
ղſһڣҲһԲӣ˵ˣú񻹴ûȥ׶԰
ã㿴òãְԴȥ԰ôһһһһ𣬻඼󡣡ı˴ţԾֻԼԳˡ
ܽȻǸԸְһȥ԰ģҲû˵:ð
ŷҮְҪȥ԰o(RvQ)o

ܿ͵ˡ
һֱһ쵽СѣϣҲϣͿʼ˷ܵ˯žϾŵʱ˻˴˴˸绰ԼҪͬһɫñӣڶ԰ſ档
ãְֶôˣɫñӲÿġ꿴ھԼһε˵
վһźüñӵİܽȴһ˵:ÿĺÿģְִʲôÿȫ᳹ˡһ˾Ҫ롱ķ룬ҪͰְִͬɫϵñӡ
:
ְһΪѣܽգһ˫ˮ۾קקְֵӣɤ:ְ֣˵˵ģ㲻˵㻰Сͬ˽ͬһɫñӣְٴǾ͸ˡ
ͶŮûʲôֿ꣬ڱŮ֮£ﻹܺݵܾ
һۺɫñ𣿣ֻҪŮʲôԵģ԰ûϵó˭ϳˣԼŮ棬Ҳֻһ԰Ľķݣ
úúãְֺһģ˵ھͲڡܿЭˣŮһԸѡ·ѡñӡ
ͬʱΪϼܲõ꣬컹е˸ŮΡ
ɰСѣҲǷۺɫġ
ô룬һۺɫñӺҲûʲô̫ͻأĵط󻹵ñһŷɫ黨СȹӵСŮ
hellokittyˮֽһؼŮûǴʲôˣʱܼ͹Ҳ鷳
һԵܼһĵصݹһĹҵǮ˵:ѾˣҶ԰һ㶼Ҫֽġ
ΪаܽرСڳڼϵŵʱǸŮ˲ųš
һߣҲܱͬ
Ӻһȥ԰Ҫְһ仰էһһⶼûУһҲκβ׵ĵط
ǣڵĴͺΣͳȻ˵ǰδޣһҪ֤ˣмûټ棬ֳ£ҲΪʧ䣬˺ദʱЩεΣ˻Ͽ˵Ǻİ˵Ĺϵࡣ
ϵӵ˴һӳУ˾е
ְ֣㶯һòãǵȻҪȥأСѰһſСż˵
 úְֶѾˣİְȴһֱڼģҪôһ˵˴Ҫôһ˵˴Ǹôȥ˾ҪȽȥˣһˣ
Ĳܺͺ׼ʱϵĻСѱʾںܲˣлôһ
̿ԼҶӺˣŷȥȥȥҲһҽˣϽŶȥ衣
һϣʵû˹Ļ̾òڣȻҲò̫ڡ
Լȥ԰ʱ򣬸ûҲȥ˭뵽ͻȻ˵СѺİְһһȥĶ԰ҲŰְһ
ȻһֱÿǷ˶࣬ȱϯôҲֱӾܾССԸûһ߳ܣû뵽һ˺뷨ȻһģȻ˽һ˳ŵ״
쿪ˡȻںͻȻ˵һ䡣
ô˶٣˵:û¡
ӳȻסС԰ҪСʱ
һڸϵ԰ſڵʱͰܽŮѾˡ                        
ߣ*˵Ķ԰Žʼ

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һ³, ܾȲܵ˰ܽǰ
, ˡǲǵǺܾˣ
ߣְְֽһֱڼģ, Ȼͽ˶԰, Ͳúվſڵˡ
ʵҲûеȶҺͰְָղȥƱ˶԰Ʊ, һҲţ㿴, ܽóӡиֶƬƱѿһ, һӾͿмĴϻ
ǴϻСΪ˷ܵ˵κһ԰רŹϻġ
ֻϻг¹ʨӡȸܽ˵˹βŹġ·ϵʱ, һֱڲŰְָ԰ʲô
Ҳǵһ԰, ǰֻڵϺ鱾ϼЩ
СվһͷϵķۺɫñӸ, ˲ע⵽ѡ
ܽͷϵһ, ñɫһģһ˶ñʱ, װ׾СһĨõЦ, ü, :СɫñӣǾͲڶ԰߶ˡ
ǰǰĻҲԺܿҵˡСѲԼۺɫñʲôõ, ֻҪòԺܲһж˵
һԵ꣬ദõСһ˿Ρ
ͱŮѾ˲ʮˣͷ̫ܴŮȽȥģҪſڵԼСû취ֻȰһĵط
߰ɣãھȥһұܵͲԣҸŶǼҵͲζرʵСǰҲûԹ׶԰С˵԰ſڵұܵ꣬Ҳȷʵ˵ҵÿ춼ܻ𱬣ҪźܳĶء
ȻȲҪȥܵӣ˵:ȥܰɡ
ȻСȥĵܣְ־ֻվԭصˡ
ڿͷϵһۺɫñʱǻ֮зһ̲סЦ٩:û뵽ܵϲûͦµġ
֪ڸտͷһۺɫ˶ñʱжôע⵽ӵñӣСñһ֮жʱȻھ׶԰СѶҪʼˡ
ɵҲˣͷϵķۺɫñӣϵôô
ҲΪˣһ֪ñСϵģ͵С뷨࣬һһԼİְֺͬһñһ飬ɵרעħƴָ߻ľ鶼Ȥûר׵İá
ϸһ룬һúŴƵСŮͷСʱĸľܾ
Ǿܾ˵ģҲһۺɫñҪһôɰŮߣഩһۺɫװ⣡
ĵ٩ûһ㲨治ɫ˵:˼ҼұŮϲɫһϲŮһɫñˣһء
λεҫ:һÿɰŮ𣿣ʲô˲ģڸǰҫһ𣿣ôҲһкӵİְ֣
ðɣҲҪһСһôɰȵŮʱ޲ðԼǸɵӸȥ
ҲûϵֻҪҶӴ˾СðűķգЦеؼ˵ܣ㿴ôãôҲ÷С޲ˣûȤǶʲôģģǼҵԸ񶼺͵ģ֤һСúõģͺԼʱһģһǸá
Ҫôһϱ϶Ůһš
ȻڴԼŮ⣬ɫ৵һ¾ͱˣڵаӿǿŰǰһӵȥĳ嶯·ǴＷ:

һߣŶܵĳȻһֻǣһСѣͷϸʵ:ʲôζͲҵһʮֿζ
ܽһ۲˵ԥػش:ݮݮϲݮζˡ
ܵǶһ˵:裬ҪζġͲĿζ̫ĺѡ񰡣ÿһԣԶ˶ֻ᲻
ȻЦЦ˵:á
԰ſڵұ֮ܵԻô𱬣һûеģСӵĻӭͲǸֶ״ģ滹һЩɫ˪ȥ˾úʳҲرÿ
طŶӵģ󲿷ֶǴźӵļҳżһС¡壬԰οв٣ͷ˶ʮң˳õͲ
СܲܳһζͲܽԼĲݮζͲ۾ȴһֱСкϵζͲš
ûгԹζء
ðԣԶٶԡܴ󷽵ذԼζͲ˹ȥܽ˼ЦЦȻչȥҧһڡζͲڸбݮζҪһЩڸƫܳĲݮζ
ҵҲ㳢һڣݮζҲܺóԡܽһֻ÷С𣬼ȻСͲȻҲҪԼͲһ
ܳһڣҲܸӵĿһóԡ
СŽѰһĻԱߵĳȻҲ̲ס¶Ц
ӵĸá
ĺӲûΪЩ֮ܵӰ죬ıκ˶Ҫˡ
ߣ*ְ֣ޱ棩:Ҫ׼Ұɣ
  ְ֣ޱ飩:

050

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ȵȻӻʱ, λϸ֮ԵĻ.ҩζ, ǿ·ղʲôҲûз
ǸոĻ̴˿̻Щ, ȿȿ, Ƕ˵һ׼ҡô𣿣ҪղŶÿ죬һɾͳ׻ˣȻǰʶǸ, ֿ׼ݣһ㶼ûиı䡣
ôˣȥġȻɻؿһ, ԭҲһͷ󺹵Ļ̡
̵Ȼᵱӵ, ְָղŲһܵ˵ҡҡͷ˵:û£̫ˡ
һ, бһҪй˭ıŮһԿ, ҲСһ￴ְִ˵ӣֻʱѹĵĲˬ, ˵:, 㵽ְ
ҵ˾Ȼ׼, ף͸ǡţûУ˲ɡ
ǻһ, жԶԶ, ǧҵˣ
ұŮ꣬ȻͿʼӴŮˣҪҪһˣ˵ʲôԺü޹ȥԼĴãһ˵ǶȥɣԼŮԼһֱţòű
֪Ըûʲôģ֪, ˵ʲôҲؾһӼ͹ȥˣӦûһżżñүڹʱһźá
СһԵζͲܽ߸˵ְֵߣеͲһС룬ѾЩˣҲմһȦȥͺֻ̰ԵСèƵġ
ˣ̾һӷۺɫıóһֽһε˵:㿴㣬ôôСģ϶մ˺öܡ
顢Ϻ꣬ҲֻԼŮǰŻһº͵ģ
ܽͷЦЦΪְֻ֪ɾġְоͬaһĴڣԼҪʲô̰쵽
İְȻһȫİְ֣һȫõİְ֣õһ
ŮϺЦݣԭΪղǼܵĲˬһ˺ܶࡣ
˼Ʊ붯԰ӵ߶һ׶ǲҪκƱģͯƱҲáֻ֪ܽһ㣬ղźͰְһƱƱʱ򣬾͸˶һš
Ȼһ԰ͼ˵:ǴȥϻСʲôƻ
ԵĻܹһȻõġ
ãһҪȥϻְִȥȸòã
ԭĴǺŮܶģ˭֪ҵһڽ˶԰֮ҲһߡôأһҪ취Ƿֿ
ȸܺÿģϴ㿴ǲƬĿȸҪÿ룬ֵ
ܽСԹתתԱһ´ϻͿȸ˭ÿ⣬Ȼͬ˰ְֵĽ飬ðǾȥȸɡo(RvQ)o
ļȰ˵֮£ܽῪĿȸסˡСڴſڴͷֿˣΪֶڵλãķȫһһڶߣһߡ
Ůǰȸ԰СԼĸĸϻ԰ķȥ
СˣһʮСӡһ۵СŮ̲סһ䡣
ˡڹ۹⳵ϵİܽػش
ȸ԰ſ1.1һСѲеĻҪʮӡ̫ܴ᲻ŮôһֱɹţԸɴʹ԰ڵĹ۹⳵
ο۹⳵ҪǮģƱһʱƱһʮǮСǮڽ԰֮ǰǶһֱһֱ
ܽһλ۹⳵һҲ죬ķ綼ȵģ˵ϣͷ·һƬëĻһܽڱ˸ߵϣζԼСѾֺǺǵЦЦҲһá
аЦǻȾ˵ġϳǸŮͿС⣬һС¡
СԭӸϳʱһֱڳܣǳĲãǿһԵĺЦôģҲ˼ڴ֮ͥ³ȥǸ˳ûŮˣȵ³ʱ֮ķΧѾڣ۵òˡ
ŮֻӾ͵˿ȸ԰ܽվΧ԰һֻȸ
ʱֻȸֻѾΧŵοǶóֻա
ҪĿȸҲͺˡܽС˵һ䡣ĿȸܹȫǸһӺÿ
ܽһ˲䣬ֻȸҲ׷ſβɫëʣһֻûģ԰ΨһĴƿȸῪ
һȫοǵӸˡ
ȸҲÿʱÿ̶ģοִֻ͸ټˣʱȻǱҪ
ܽǰһֱΪܳôƯëĿ϶Ǵƿȸְֱָչ֪ǾȻһЩۿȸ
ְֿǱд󣡡
ãżǽʱ䡣
͹˶Զ԰ĶȤͣԾֻר־ԱһֱŮƬʱСһˣιһˮ
Ƚһ˴źӵ꣬һߵһھҪжˡ
ְ־ֻҪһģʲôùܡΪСѲգϲ԰ֻϻҲճһЩ
һרŸοյ̯ԱߣˣҲӦƬߣźסǰˡ
һʡĳȻһյļ۸üͷ̲ס塣
ʮǮһƬǮʲô𣿣
һƬʮǮòϡ
Ҫ˰ɣ̫ˡóȻʮǮһԼƬôҲ˵Լ
֪ӦǮˣú踶ǮȻȻ˵:û£Ǯ
ȻҪ˵ʲôͱĶֱסˡ
ǣԼ֣Ȼ˺һŷӦȻҲ֪Ǹ˦֣Ӧǣš
û֪ںʧõһʱĵжôľᡣʧȥļ䣬ټǵԼһʵҽ˵ҲһҲǲ
֮ΨһŦǻӣˡ
ҪʳȻڻߵˣҲ֪Ǻܰܰģ;Ϊʧ޹Թһжڵ֪ãȻ
̷һŰԪ̯λϣ˵:үһĸգ鷳ĵĺÿһ㡣
ϴүˬʵЦЦ˵:СӣͷİɣҶʮǰ԰ˡ
Ȼͻվһ𣬶΢΢ЩӲǵ§Ŷա
˵һڵһĺա֮ǰΪһɵӰ죬һźնûй
ʶһĳȻͻȻҲٿܻԲֵõļǮȥˡΪƬѾһˡ
ȵƬ֮󣬻СҲһסˣקקӣ۰Ͱ͵˵:裬ȥȸ԰ðɡ
ڿĴϻ֮ûʲôر뿴ˣ֪ͺͺһȥȸˡ
áȻȻӵģ챾ΪöӿĲŴĶ԰
һˣӣ˼߶ӣѾǰδ˸ˡ
׷·รɣϰҲﲻˡ                        
ߣ*רҵӶһĻְ:

051

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, ʲôطأڿȸ԰ﵽҲ㡣ȻСŰְϵȸ԰ʱ, ѾǸҪˡ
ܽһߺŰְָݹˮһ߽ŵ绰, һΧĻ, ˵:СҺͰְڿ, Ҫ𣿡
ܽͰְڶ԰ĺܿģһ԰, ʲôȤ, ʲôʣһҲġ
ȵңھ͸Ϲȥ绰ͷĻ˵ˣˡ
ܽȻͬ, Ц˵:ð, ҺͰְֿſڵ㡣Ҫһ棬Ȼ˫ֱʾӭ, Ͳöһ˸ء
ˮպ, üͷ΢, ʵ:С˵ʲôˣȻ绰ֻˡ
ܽ:С˵һѾ˴ϻ, Ҫǡְ, Ǿһǰɣ
꣬ʱͷ۲ѡòײŴűŮ˦һˣôúõ׷ˣ
ǵһǲǻҪȥݿҪȥ˵Ļ, ҲҲλˡΪŮνǲģϾСʲôҪֱӸԺ󶼲ԼСһˣ϶ģôأ
СҲˣ£Ҳ˼һСӶƽЩʲôҪǸװ֣ղžȻҵ棬˵Ҫ׼ҡ޲ô绰˰һΣ˵Ǻȥ
ܽһ˼ðְ˵ҲеҲ˵Ƕ԰ʵĺݱݣǸĿڵ:ڴ绰ȥԼСһںݼɡ

ǽ԰Ҳsռһÿ纣ﶼһͺıݡ
Ʊдźݵıʱ䣬ʮһ׼ʱʼʮһָϵݵʱѾвٵˡ
ʱԽԽƽΧοҲԽԽ࣬ݸռˡ
ְۣܽǰ̲סпһ䡣
ĵطûһӿôˣݵıݽĿӦû˼ɣ
ܽжһ˿ڴ
ǸŮĻȽһοͣռһۿǶȲλáͬʱҲûҪһռλ˲ʮӣСڸ˹
ãҸı׻Ϊ·ϵһʱ䡣
ܽСԻԵģҲģ߸˵ؽӹ˻еһݱ׻
ûãµıҲʼˡͺúܿɰΧοҲ²ģżĸƣǵľʱݷһ̾
Ȼָ֮ܽ£תȦȦָѶȶĺ࣬˵:ְ֣ÿܸоڿޡ
ղڿ԰ĿȸʹʱȻҲһԵõοǵιʳܽûдǵϣоôǿҵ
Сһѹ۵ı˼٣ԭϲЦտСţûʲô꿴ˣҲһۣ˵:ãǲˣھ뿪ֻһݶѣȻܾ͸ɴ಻ˡ
ЩͺǿڹĺﳩΣȴһֱںССˮһҪѵοǱݽĿЩѵ˵һ˺
̧ܽͷһеʵ:ְ֣ܾȾ𣿡µЩǱﱻȸұĺÿġ
һ˿ɣЩͺһֱѾʧȥԼԵԳһǮЩֻҲ˶೤ʱ䣬Ầǡ
˵ˣݵĺݣ԰˲ٵҲ׬˲ƱǮվϿй԰ܻԸô׬ǮĶġ
԰ֲЩҳǮĶﱣأطҪ׬Ǯġ˵˲·ɱ˸ĸҪֱӳ˵ҪѺЩοͱݽĿĶ˵ᱻ԰ĹߵɹҲģȥɡ
Բ겻ԸŮССԸʵЩѰ찡
ڱϵĻС˵̸Ͻ˳Լְֵӣ˵:ְ֣Ҳæ취ɣ
ͶֱһҲȤеĻ:
ɵӰʲôҲûн취ܲܰ԰ɣ
ðɡֱҲǲԣַα겻αһôûСҪôǮһ͹˾ҵȫҹĶ԰ڻû̳й˾أȥƲ
˺һ뵽һȽõĽ취:ҪȻԺӵ壬һﱣɣ                        
ߣ*һţرЩݽĿĺqaq

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ڻ̿, Ժӵһﱣ, ӦһֱȽϺõİ취ˡ
Ǯȥй֪ⷽʶߴҵ˼, ôʶָѶȶѵ, ԶﱾҲǻ˺ģصĻᵼ
ûû˺, ֻοԺٹۿһЩıݣõصĶ԰ֹͣΪ, ЩͺŲٱѵݽĿˡ
ͷһؾûһ˵Ļ, ôһô취
̿û˲ЦݵСŮ̾һͷ, ˵:æ, ͰְֶģС, Ҫ˺òãôһѹ, ڳ˭ܶס
áܽȻеʲô, ǰǸﱣ˼, ö, ҲŰְֺͻƭԼ
ֻܽС𣬶챻µĶϴݹֱûˡ
Ůµıѹ굱ȻҲټطһ˵뿪ݡ
, Ժһ㽨һûжĶ԰СסܽС֣֣µŵ
оЩͺѹѹֻ֪ߵѹֲôѹһֱĵġ
ȻΪЩǱģԺͰһٵĶ԰Ķﶼģ԰СǾͼжԿЩĶֲٱݽĿˡ
˵İο֮£ܽҲں࣬벻Դһûɵӡ
ŮһЩԭĴʯͷҲ

ﱣᣬȷʵҲӦ취ˡ
==
ϵʱ⿪Ů±
͹Щ±Ȼڴ֣Ǹ׶԰԰ģֻǱǲ˹ѡ
Сãôһüģǲ۸ˣҪ۸ˣ͸壬ϸһسӡԼӦãʱʱ͹߲һСΪ˲Ժѵۡ
ɳϵİܽ죬ûһرֻ࣬ҡҡͷԼûб۸
ǾƵģһѹһѡ
οӦзһ˿ġСһСƵģһֱںԹЩеûģ֤Ӧûʲô£ͻȻô˾Щϰߡ
μСÿеòʲôת֤ĻᣬСŮİְ֣Ҳϡ
ԺǸ۰Ůļƣһԭ򶼲֪
ѹʵ:Сɰôˣǰҹʱúõģô˿ȥġһͰ͵Сģĺ۵ġ
ѽһڶ԰﷢飬򵥵˵һ顣
û뵽ȻѹôģҲ֣Сӱͱȴ˸ͬģοСһĵĺӣЩںбݽĿĺຣҲ
ˣĴ㽨һﱣ᣿ٴμʶ˺ѶԼŮĳ谮̶ȣǼֱǵһǧĳ̶Ȱ
Ľ˵Ҳóǧ
˵ͷ˵:š
һᣬ˵ҲһʶǮֻҪŮ⿪ĽС
ᣬ˭Ƚģʶʲôרﱣˣ
γĬһͻȻ뵽ʲô˵:ҵһѡƼ㣬Ӧܰᡣ
ѵȻҸȥ˹УϾֲΪ˿׬ǮͲȡģʺڵЩ᲻ͬ
пյĻԼǸ˼ɡȻƽʱͦűŮģΪСһ𳤴ĺѣ齻϶һٸġ                        
ߣ*򿨡
*ְرСܽģ

053

/053

ӺѵĿ, ŪСý첻ĵԭ
СŮĳԻ, ϽδӼ±˳:±Ŷ, ЩԬ, ζЩһЩ±ǴֹõĲҲõ, ζ϶ЩĲһ
кóԵģܽʹŵ̧, Ҳ˼ֹ
οһȤԥ, аԷЦӺһ±Ц˵:±õ嶹ɳڵģһ, , һԡ
Ϊչ֪ϲʲôζ±СӣЩ±رСһ, ÿһ鶼ֻСӵİô, Ǵ˳ԵĻ, Ͼһһ
СӵĻ, , ÿһֿζһҲ̫ŵûţСոպʡ
ܽջǱŵʳջˣӹݹõ嶹ɳС±, ̽ԵҧһڣһĶɳζڿӿͬʱܳõ廨ζ
áóԣo(RvQ)o
ʵ̫óˡ
ɳϵС±ССڵĳţģȥرĹԣ̲סruaһѡ
ͻȻܹһǧˣΪʲôôسԼŮԸ⻨ǧһﱣᣬΪЩѵݽĿĶǵŮܹ
˵ʵҲáôɰֹɵһӣ˭һֱôüȥأ
ֻҪСѿģ˵Ǽǧ򣬾ǼҲԸⰡ
ܽһֱõӱȵֶˣڵʱ򣬾ͳԲôóԵʳȴÿ춼ܳԵһЩԼǰûгԹʳ
õ嶹ɳ±úóԡʵҲ
ΪԬÿһ±ܺóԣܽһʱԵ̫еǺˣ˼
һμˣϽһˮȥε:Сãԣżû˺ﻹкüֿζء
θղŻӺѵĿе֪Сһ쾹Ȼѹ緹ûгϼڣΪŮҲżòС
СһԸԵ±ҲУܱʲôҪá
һ£ҲҲüٷÿһΣСðѷԵĸɸɾģ˵θڶãǰЩʳСȫһ
ɴ˿С緹ʱͼ򵥵سڣһô顣СһҲ鲻ãҲѹֺѻżô飬ҪȥǸʺϹˡ
ֿܽζ±һ飬ɳϣ΢΢˸ãǰ˲֮һ±УԼԲСӣƺǾԼԵ̫ˣе㲻˼ɬЦһ¡
αСȵˣͷЦе˵:û£Щ±ģҲģҪǻĻҼﻹһЩ춼͹
ҿҲͶʮӣһһҲһСʱ
ܽŸղΪ̫ˣֻԼһسԣߵһûһ±˵:壬Ҳԡ
Ȼľʱ˵㣬óԵġ˰ְֺСϲ˾ˡ
==
һߡ
ҡкӣһԶɡڿĻ˶٣˵ڣһԲĺӣҲкüûˣһֱڼԶ
Ȼһ˵ЩԲ˳ǺӵĸĸҲһɸıʵ
ҡҲǸһؼҳԶٷ
Ȼ¶ԥ֪ԼòôӦһദ̫ܰһ˿ĵӣڵδ
̴ӺӾƳһӣüͷһ壬иԼҶʹһɫ
һ˫ںڷգգ̷Ӧסֱۣ˵:裬ҳһٷɣڼԺòã
Ȼ᲻úͶӷֿô̵ܾӵ󣬡á
Сͬˣ˸߲ҵشصͰְסı͵ѽһʽҫظԼղء
ֵ̿Ŀ̲סп:СڼѾܾûôĹˡһôĵʱ򣬻Сͣɵֵöˡ
ȻҲضãӽ˵Ļǰһڣǰ˵ĶҪࡣǰڼҵʱ򣬶Ӷôְ˵ģûʲôоһ֮Ŀһӱ
ȻֵĻһ˿ۺ꣬˵ûǼķǲһ˾ͿһֱܰҸСˡ                        
ߣ*һΪ󷢵ԭе̣Ŭһ¡

054

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λص, Ԭ߹ʵĵһ¾ǡ
Сþ±ζôϲϲԣ
, ±Сϲأܲϲһжʮ, һСһͲ֮һ
ԬǸϲ±, ʱЦ档˭ԼһһӣÿЩ±, Բֻȫõ׶԰ȥ͸ͬ¡
ȻϲԵĻѼ±Сùȥ
Ҳ, Ȼ趼ô˵, ȻһҲˡ
磬ϴκ˵Ǹմӹͬѧܲܰĵ绰ңλһֱź꽻񣬵øϽǸ˸ϵС
üͷ, ʵ:Ҫͬѧĵ绰ʲôϴ˵ʱ, ׵ܵһȤӣôͻȻˡ
ΰҪŮ, һﱣ˵һ顣
, Ҳûٶ˵ʲô, ֱӴֻ﷭һ绰뷢˶ǴСһ浽ĺ, æ϶
, 㰲һףĩǵȥ˼ңʱ򴩵õһ㡣
ڴ绰Ķ˶٣һ˿, 󺰵:ΪʲôȥװıҴ궼û̸Ůأ
ǰֻǼ򵥵Ĵ߻飬ôΪֱӰˣңҲʵ̫ƫһ㣡ֵܶû飬ȸ簲ףȸܵܰ׵ĵأ
һٸ
ιЦЦ˵:˼Ůˣֻһȥˡ
:
磬Ϊ˺Ū裬ʲôɶ˵ĳҲţܰŮѴؼǴһﶼ
СʱһΣѧУͱ˴ܱʦмҳΪܻؼҲȥУſڹһŮϰðҳȥѧУĩҳᣬԭӦúæԬ԰ĵȥѧУҳᣬȻðҳҲͱʦˣûһ⡣
治ɫ˵:ʱȻģǵĩȥ׾ˡ
μ鿴ѾĲˣңռСĺ鶼һ˲ûˡ
УУһ취Ƶεס
׶°һ뵽÷ӣȻҪ䵽ȥ׵ĵز͸оһϢ
==
ڶһ磬꿪ѱŮ͵˼᰼ҡ
ԴϴŮҪһÿܶȥʦϿ֮ÿϰ͵طϵʱٰӻؼҡ
ʱСÿ춼ùôÿĩܡ᰿ͬһܹ䷹ĸʱû˵
ǰһѣʮ¶һ绰ڷÿܶһ˴ˡ
ûпʲôصġᰶ㻳ǲǶ˹ѾȦ첻ȥˡ
ʱŨŨǣǳ˳飬˵:ţⲻ˼Ѳˣ㻹дˣ
ᰲŲСӵĹأԽĥԽòԡһ죬㶼רһ
СȷˣҪ˼С
ҲСԵŻᱻ˵ЩסҪǻҦອǸӣķӦ㡣
ʱŵĿ£ӡⲻǺСദʱ¸жϴκһȥժӣȥ֮˷·𱻴ͨζбһ¸裬ȲҪС÷һ¡
Сã׸ʱ׸demoһ飬һڴؿ
ܽȡ¶װ׾С¶һõЦݣ˵:һĸо鶼һӱࡣ
СԥĿޣʱЩ˼ȻС㶼úĻҾͰרɡ
ߣ*򿨡ʱȽ

055

/055

һԵļ᰿ɳദõһһС, εҡҡͷ
Ҫ, ĺõԸ, Ϊʲôһĵô졣
С, 㻹벻ϴҸժӣʱֻͻȻһ䡣
ܻ˺üӻؼ, Ҳ֪İְֺͺûаЩӳԵ
ܽҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ, ˵:ԣ
ʱҲһжǿ, һֱСϸٿεʱ仹ţ˵:ھȥɣһժ, һԳԸ
ڸˮļ, Ҫţһ:̫, , С
, ֪, ҲСɹŵġʱ˵, СŮñӣǣˡ

ܽٿεʱʮ룬ʮһʱʦҦອˡҪСʱ, ҲûһžͿʼҼʦϸٿΡ
ʦ֣ʲôܽſһֱдŶСкһʵ
Ҧອĸĸ£ܼʱҪڼʦļһֱϡŷҲʦûʲôͬѧУżǰõҵҲһ˹
дҵдҵĶûͣ˵
ܽڻֻһ׶԰СѧѧУʦȻǲҵģСǲõֹ
ʦеҵоúǺ棬ԥһ£ʵ:ʦ磬ܿһҵ𣿡
ܸܽоõʦֵ̬Ȼȱ䵭һ㣬ǲûвͷŸҺô׽ġ
ȻҦອ̧ͷ۰ͰͿԼСŮһۣͰԼдⱾҵ£ѹŵһѧϰø
ܽӹѧϰᣬ򵥵ķһ£ĺܶѧʵʵ:ʦ֣ڶ꼶ѽ
Ҧອһҳҵд˵:꼶
ʦµѧСʦãҦອĵʵϲġ
Ȼеʱ򻰶һ㣬˾ó֣ҲĽӽ෴СʦóúܿɰͺЩһɰ
Ϊ˱ֳԼƣҦອ룬˵:ҪǶЩҵȤĻԺһдҸһϰᡣĿҵкܶ࣬СʦüҲǲԡ
Ҧອ˵ٲ죬ǱƵһ仰˵һĪľУټԭСͯţѧУһֱǶ
ܽĻȴܸˣ˵:ðллʦ֪֡ʦǸˡ
ǣȸʱԼľ˴绰ȷһг̰֮ߵ鷿ʱͷСҦອһдҵ
ʾˡ
СãܿöĿ𣿡ԸʱҦອ˽⣬϶ǻƭСӸдҵˡ
СͯԻ·棬ĽǶȶͱ˲һһ˻δظ˼·
˵ˣһСӣôܻῴö꼶СѧѧأҲ֪Сôģһ˵ѧϰỹܸ˳أͺͼʲôһ
Ҳ̫ɰһɡ
ȻǣҦອԱߵСŮȻһص˵ͷ˵:ܿö
ʱĿ϶شһ˿Ȥ˳ϵϰᣬ˵:Ȼҳ⿼ô
ܽһ˼Ӧ:СһĿģ
1415182122ƽǶ٣׶԰Сһ㶼ֻʮڵļӼһԾͳ͵СӦеˮƽҪǴҲġ
ΪһֻС𣬰ܽһѧʲôѵģǰλּһȻȡƽ
ΪѾȷ˽˼·ֻ˲ӣͨóһ𰸣18
棿СһﾹȻˣ
ʱʱûо̫ȣҲⱾѧϰϣһȽϼ򵥵ġϾղ˵ҪһСãҲΪ
һѧֲ21϶㲻һѵĿһСҲǷǳĲˡЩȽͬ亢ӣ6+6ڼ֪
һ⣬ͬ32ֻ100мֻֻӣʱĿü
һĿԾͱһĿѶˣȫһѶϵġǵСѧһ⣬ͬʱһܾļͬ⡣
ܽϰϵһĿ룬ΪʲôҪѼӷһ𣬰ǷֿװĻֻҪһͿԺֶ֪ܿﶼмֻ
ʹʣܽһĿȷʵǱһĿ࣬˴ʱ䣬ףһӦôĳ𰸡
1418壬ĶԲԣܽϷĿ֮УͨԼŬˣ˺гɾ͸У
ϲĸо
ʱ˵𰸣ٿһϰӡŴ𰸵һҳ˳ҵһ⣬ľ141814ֻ18ֻ
ʱСѧɼһֱǰȽϺõһѧҲΪûкõ׶԰ͣͻѶϵѧĿĳ̶ȡ
ˡһСŮЦ˵:Сã˵ССôôأ
Сһ￴ӲǳԿɰ೤ģһ̼ߵСͯôһִֿɰĺӣԺñСѿô
ԱһֱдҵҦອҲ֮ġϷ˹õһϰģֻĿҲûпʼʦ˵ⱾϰЩĿȽѣǵҵһͿˡ
ʦãܺһ𣿡ʵȻֿվڱϵһˣʦ֣ǳòá
ʱ:ιιιСҪҪôѧϰдҵܸȤҲˣھѧҲҪһ֣
ôһ˲䣬оԼǰÿ춼ѧӶǼٵġڵСһضôѧϰ𣿣
ʱֱӾܾģĿпСѣ̾һֻܳ䵱ͶСѳ⡣
˭ղźôأҪСóʲôѧ⡭ºˣԼԼš
==
硣
֪ե֭һҪѡвݮġദʱˣҲѾСõϲá
̳֡
ΪϵǸͬѧǩ˲ٸԼںòװСһӼ˰졣
Ȼ϶ûаδСóĿ˵Ҫ˵˳ԺѵԸ񣬿ᱻŮظ׷ɱȥɡ
ҵɣĩСóһ棬˸ˣڶ԰﷢Ĳ죬ңҲпȥĹ顣
ʵϡѡڽʱѺӴʵΪӦĸϴ˸ŵһס
λͲˣʱһϼҴڵˣǸ׶Ժϵ
Сãղź˵ģ㶼ûУ
ܽ˵ͷһɻ:壬㲻ƭ˰
ʦ˵ƭǲõģƭ˵Ļ˵ʲôҲΪŰһٱ̲裬ҲǾԲһƭ˵ġc(RQ)
ΰѵԱõĹ֭ݸӣһ˵:ҸŮǲģ
ܽ죬˵:ǵġȻְ壬ȷʵõѣ˵Ĺϵǳ
ԵȻȥҺǸʶİ˵ŮƭأȻֻ˵ôһ仰ΪһĳˣǰźӵһĻʲôԲ˵ġ
ԼԲľ͹ֲˡĻŮСİкӵ飬浽ĸϴҲһɵĽ͡
˵æһºӣû뵽Ůˡ
̲סΪԼĴǵޣĸϴô۰СãϢ֮󣬿϶ҲٱǸ׵Ůˡ
ȻСùݸϷǽСѵ飬ġҲ˵״СӵΪԼѰҲʮ׿׷ɱ
ڸСｨ֮ǣ߽̳һ¥һҿȵꡣǸδıŮʿ׵ĵط
һ£ڿλÿһ黨ȹӵŮˡĳ񾲣ȥֻжʮͣ治Ĳˡ
һֱһᶨĲ壬Ȼ飬Ҳ϶ȥ˼һˡ˼еġ
ãҽΣι׵𣿡
λϵŮ̧ͷһĳ࣬ƬϵĽ˶Աȣȷ֮Ͻվ˵:ãҾԬԺġ
׵Ǹ˹Ȼ
ţûο˵ʲôֻԱߵСŮһ:ʦ
ʲôСȻʶŮˣòҲ֪Сõİְ˭ɣ
ʦƺ֪ΪΣͻȻһֲõĸо
ߣ*򿨡
*㲻㣬Сܽİʦ

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ղǽԼ, ҽѩ, ǡСѵİʦǰԼСѧվһˣѩҲ˺һŷӦ
ò׳һ, ȴ׶԰С, ˾Ρ
ʦáǧ㣬ôҲû㵽һ㡣ôҲ󲻵, Ů˾ȻСõİʦ
ҵĸϴ˰ӻѱ߲, ˭֪㾹Ȼҽһ׶԰ʦ, һӮˣҸʰ·磡
ղûһʱ죬СŮ˵ȥŻŮֳҪ˵˳ȥ, ˡ
涪˻С, һ鱻ͱǼԬ԰ǻᱻ˼Һݺݵسһٲɡ
Լ׶, ִСһȥ, ﲢ, ³Ӳң
ʦ, ʵǲ˼, ҽѴһºӣԡμ򵥵ؽһСŮְ֮Ĺϵǳ׷ԭõģú׶һС
ڻǺúһ, ӦôŮˣСǼԬ԰ȥɡ
ΰ̾һѺӱλϣ˵:Сãұϰɡ
СӴ˹ܲھͰͻȥ˵˽Ҫͷġ
ڽһӦǳˣСõİʦҲԼѧǰİʲô׵Ļ⡣
Ժ顭ǾԺ˵ɡ
ҪΪʧܱ˳Ͱᵽȥ䷹ԣ˵СĹ
ˣҪҪȵʲôѩԼĿŵҸĵʲôȻһֱ˵ʵЩڡ
οһ۲˵˵:ʽɣСͲˣⱭ֭㹻СӻǲҪȿȵĺãȵ֭άء
ûжٿˣԱܿͰҪʽ˹Ϊаܽ߰ʮΪʲôСһ˵˵͹ϵ֮սǢ
ʦҺȻҪȥ¥ץޣһòãܽԼİʦиˣתͷͰҪȥ飬һһʮ˵˳
ΪԭŮڿԼ˺֮󣬿϶ͷҲصˣһӶԸ׹̿ò˼ӣ׽󣬴СһȥԺֵĴ㡣
ȴСȥ¥ץޣȻȥһЩƯ·Ͱ̣ٴȥһ
ھֻ˵СõʦҲûֺ׶һʱĲڣ̬˵:ʦ㿴ʱ仹磬ҪǲŻؼҵĻͺһȥɣһҲһЩ
ѩԥһ£˵:áðɡ
ʵҲû취ؼңֿҲֻͷơûѩҲԼ߻ˣԲŲòɵĺӦס
ңҲֹǰһ׶󣬻һԼϡһԬ԰ܵԼӣһͬ½Լֶӡ
ѩʮ꣬ǰȻһѣΪз죬һǰͷˡ֮ҲҲû̸Ǳ׵ģ˵ҲϴСˣҪٲϽ飬ԺӶҪʮˣԺӶá
ѩȻһϲӵˣҪȻҵҲѡȥʡʦʵ׶԰ʦʲôʱҲܹģûϲˣһҲ

뿪λ̳һ¥Ŀ¥ϷڷǼ̨ץ޻λá
ȥԱߵķ̨һԶһٿǮϷҡٸϷһʮϷңһʮϷҡԽ࣬͵Խࡣ
ܽСһϷҵݸԼʦü䣬Ц˵:ʦһץѽ
ѩվԭأ¶һ˿ԥı飬ѵ:ˣʦץ޵ˮƽãǲҪ˷ǵϷˡ
ʦûϵģˮƽϴδҹʱһٸϷҶûץһޡܽ˵Ϸһֱеģƴָ߻ľץҲ
ѾСŮΪϷڶ:Сãܸܲӣ¾ôֱ˵ҺѰ찡
Уⲻˮƽֻöѣһһѩǰܣ̨޻ȫץһʣ
ҪŬȻԼСĿеĸߴС
壬Լץޡ̧ܽͷһ˫ڰ׷۰Ͱ͵ؿߵˡ
αǴźӹ棬Ϊ˸˵ģȻСҪԼ֣ȻǶ˵ͰеһٸϷҸϷ͵ʮϷңʣµһٸϷңһԵʦ
ŮӲʹСӦöϲϷɣղҲһֱڶץ޻ޡ
С̫ŻϵǸȷϼͲݸˣѩ˸ڵ̼ңһСӣܽվ߶ȸոպá
ܽǵһץ޻ǰûֻűͶһϷҽȥϷʼˣʱ25룬׼ǸСޣСµȷϼ
ץסˣ
θոʧһΣֻؿ޴צӵߣͻȻСŮеС棬һ˿ȣʵ:Сãôģ
ΪʲôһСץ޶ôɣٶԱһϴΣһٴΣһ޶ûץĲʹʱԼǸ
ܽҲ֪ϷҪʲôɣǿ׼һޣһ£Ȼȷϼץ
뵽ϴһֱûץޣһ̨ͶһϷң˸ʾһһ˵:Ȼ㿴壬ץˣ
ܽ˳شСܵڴѸץ˳
忴һĻͻȻЩѵͷץ޻ϷҲҪ𣿣
ܽСʣµ98Ϸңʼץ޻
Сʱε˵Ҫץ޻ȫץĺ׳ԼߵСŮɵظʵˡ
ߣ*Сܽmax׵Ϸo(RvQ)o

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һ̨Ѿץˡһ޲ʣĻ, ζСѵץˮƽ, ǳ׵׵طˡ
С²͵͵ؿҰɣֱõըͬһطץ, ô˺֮Ĳôأ
СbuffӰ֮, ϴλһٸϷҶûץһεΣҲĵץ, Ȼֻһޡ
ѩҲ˼ޣҲܲȻ, һջ, СһץϿ϶ܱȵġ
еϷҶ˺οǰ⼸ʮϰٸޣЩͷۣ, һԴô޻ؼ, ǻΪֱɨߵɣ
Ҳû뵽Сץ޻ôãϴοֶһ׼û, ֪ǰ׼һˡ
ϷĿ, ʵһ˻ֻץʮ޵ʱ, вٵ˱СŮץ޻ʱ˹, ׷׶վһΧۡ
Ϸ޿ǳץ, ģܼʮϷͶȥץһǮˮƯ˭ץ޻ŵ, ҪطĺÿأԴʱ·һԡ
˧磬绰£´Ҳ̽ôץ޻һT̿Ů˹ų࿡˧һۡ
:һ׶԰СѺСѵİʦıϣεȻŮüȥģһ㵱Ծԣеġ
˵ˣϰٸֻһץģʲôȥǰڨŮ˰
ЦЦܵ:˼ҽʱߵļ˴ֻˡ´Ҫ㻹طңٸҵֻɡ
طԺǲٴСùˡΪػɣԼߵλСһ̨е֮һϷϰ壬Ѿֹڵĺˡ
ղڨŮˣ˲ӣȻܾԼһͷҲصؾ뿪ˡ
λҶҪǸСޣܻܲǮһһźӵŮ˹Ͽҵ˵
Щ޶ǼҵСһһͶϷץģðǸ˵:˼Щǲ㻹Ҹ̸һɡ
ԱߵСк˳Լ½ǣ۰Ͱ͵ؿǸСޣŮû취ֻܼ˵:Һͺֽ̳ҲûҵһСޣֻϷУǸղץ˺ܾãûץ
һ˸ղžǼԱһ̨ץ޻棬ȻҲץǺҪĿʽ
ܽĽëɨĸ˶࿴һۣλ̵ĶĺҪСޣԥһ£޵˹ȥֱ˵:Ȼ޾͸Сɡ
˺һȻŷӦԼҺ˵:Ͽллá
̵ĶһкӣͱȰܽ꣬ǸնСѧͣŰܽ͵ޣʮò˵:ллá
ܽ¶һĨõЦݣǳǳ˵л
οŴֶµСѣͷʵ:СãΪʲôҪͳȥ㲻ҲϲС𣿡
ǰҲһڿߵСһ𿴹С档ǸʱСһ￴ԣľߺ;ʵҲϲСйصģȴ͸Сѡ
ܽ죬һ˵:Ϊ̵ĺӱҸϲԼǰ˴˵ת˽ܸоõǸСҪ޵顣
ʧЦ:㰡㣬ȻȥԶٺóԵһ㣬ղץôˡ
ΰЩ޸ߣֳһ⡣취Ūһ͸Ĵӣһװ޵֣Ȼοӣ׼ȷŵͣڸ¥ͣĳ˵
Ͼô޵ߣȲҲ档
һ˵ע뿪Ϸݵķ˹ȥʱ߹һͷֻˣײʦοһĻϽÿճֻסļԼ΢һ£ͬʱüǸ··ˣ˵:´·Сĵ㣡
ѩһ٣žױݵȾһĨΣĿİ˵:ղлл㡣
ò˵Ԭ԰Сӳÿ˧
ѩѩ㵽ʲôأСѧһԿţڷʲôա
ҡ
ѩͻȻ뵽ʲôįشܿóǰ׶Լû˼˸տʼ浽ڣȻһֱԼǿͿģҲֻǰСѵİʦѡ
׼СȥһҲ͹ݳԶѩһȥǾͺ˵˱
ʦסʲôطҪȻȥɣ˺ôҲСõİʦĸ׸ܵ׶԰ͬ£Ҳ˼һ˻ȥ
ˣҼⲻԶ̳һ䣬ȻԼȥУϽźȥԷɡѩΪСѵİʦȻҪԼѧڵһλҲܻؼңϻһҪȥء
ѩĿ뿪յһϢ跢ģԼ׵ôҪһףһֻʾʱ䣬յ˵:⣡ˣϵһʱǰˣ
ѩһ·СӲ˸ױȻҴææ·˸⳵ǰһ׶Լõĵص㡣
ʵһҲȥȥĻ϶Ҫ߶Լˡ
==
δСȥһԼѿ˽˹ݳֿ֮ͻҡ
ΣʵңǴǼȥʲôطˣŹܼҴӳϳһޣɫеѿһòȥߵ˰ɣ
˸һ֧֧˵:Ҳûȥʲôط̳һ磬Ȼȥ￪һ˽˹򵥵سһҿɶģûӳһЩʳ
ǲСȥ׵˵ģԲᣡ
ԼãȴܲסһԵİܽһֱӲСѣŴŴ˵:ְ֣ҺʦһץأҳģЩһ붼ץģ
Ů仰һҵص㣬ʦ׶԰ǸʦΪʲôһ𣿡˵ֻżҲ̫ɺһɡ
δӺѵвһ˿ԾûһŲߣҪСöһʱ䣬Ͻ˵:ǸͻȻﻹе£һȥӣҾˣ
Сã´ٴһץ޻
˵꣬α˾һ̵ûӰˣ·ʲôµĶ׷һ                        
ߣ*˵:źѻûзҴСһȥףϽˡ

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ְ, ôʲôܽӹܼүүûһ޵, ҵһֻͱµ̩ܣװ׾С¶һ˿ɻ, ˵:òץ޻ûأ
ǲҪ𣿣
Ůеȷ, һ˵:ãȱ, ʵְ֣߰춼״ȥʲô
δŮȥʱ, ǡİʦ, ô붼˾òԡ
һΪ飬ղҲôˣΪʲô
ܽʹӦ壬˵Ů齲ְΪðְ֪, ³϶ܲҵġ
, ֻȥ׵˵˳꣬ϸһĥ, ʲô벻׵ġ
飡Σ ·ǴＷһ
һǡȻıŮȥף, Ҹʱȥ, úõؽѵһһ, Ԭ֪Ҫְ취ӵ׵֮, һаĽģٸలżס
ôţɫҲָƽϵһƵøŮθܵǸ, õһƵ
Ƶһֻϻ׼ȷ˵һֻӶ԰ȳϻοĵһֱΧһطתȦĿ̰Ϊоèƶı֣ǱڵعһСĵûͬ飬ԲŻƵֿ쳣Ϊ
һ˵ĽȺͿ͵һﱣأֻϻΪ𽥱ҲٳƵһʼֵĿ̰Ϊ
ְ彨һﶯﱣᣬҸĸˡĵؽš
飬һͿˣϾһСҲЩֱӦŮԼѡɸѡŮԼϲϲҵѡҪǲϲĻҲȥˡ
ܽһƽ壬ƵеϻȺ˵İ𽥱ÿģҲĻָˡ
ְѡ˿϶ǶԵġܽɤ˵Ρ
ŮȫǸˣ˵:ҪԼϲа
ﱣᣬȫΪ˱ŮΪЩѵݵĶҲܺԥؾͶȥǧһ˵ûκκô顣
==
ҡ
׵Ľôˣദĺòã׵СڻˣԬȲѯʵһԵı顣
һԵĸΣ濴ֽĿбӣʵҲԵ䣬ŵܵܵĻش
οǰֲ´ˣƲƲ죬ܵ:պϰɣҾŮӦÿҡ裬ӻѱ߲أô׶԰ʦܸˣûһʲô£ʱ׶԰оεҲ㣬αҪԼҲʹأ
ԬӵıԹʱˣ˵:ҪҸŮѻڰ㰲һ𣿣㵱ÿеûרŹһˡ
ѩʦƽʱ׶԰﹤渺СǶϲ˵ҲܺʣͱССꡣԬĺϲԸŵŮӣԼĶϱ϶Ļϲ
뻹һŮѣȴÿɵģҲ֪ҵÿһĸ߶ӵԶô仰αʾԼѾˡ
˵Ůѵ飬о絽ʲôʱҵŮѣǰȻһڷ綼û͸¶а׵飬Ҳֲһ׼ûС
룬ˮתƻ⣬ˣ㲻˵ĻҶ£磬ʲôʱɩӻؼܵܵģûɩӳʲôأ
ʱֵܻҲһ㶼
ԬעȻԼδĴϱ˹ȥҲȥСӵֻûһƲףһֱ׷ŴйŮѵ飬׼ʲôʱ顣
μ˳һŸݺݿԼߣ˸
Ѳƶรɣ˭谲ŵƵͷϵġ
==
ա
ŮsнһɽϣһﱣأصĹģ˵󲻴˵СҲС
ﱣصĸˣһŽ˿۾ŵꡣлӣǰմӹȻͽ
лӿߵСŮЦŴкѾϸĹˣ֪Ů彨һﱣᡣ
ԸָƵˣ٣ϸڵģΪ͵ֻԹʵģȴ֮١ڵĺܶҵ棬ֻΪ˻Ǯ߹˾Ӱڹ⣬ִĿ͸ձ飬ǲΪΪ档
ЩˣлӸϲڹҵġ
ܶ඼һЩ˵ĶЩǴС԰ȳģЩǵĹԱ·Ͽ˼ġɾЩԱĳеǻһ˼ңԺƴǡвʳĶѡܸڵ
һﱣصλȻƫƧЩʤɽˮ㣬޾ûϣЩ˵һǳõĵط
ܽеһƽУſ͸ǰһգգؿűССĻɫһšһֻСֻ̣ȥСĲֻܻȥ
ڱԱߣһֻȮһֻл԰Ȯܿóȳһֻȣ·ʱĿײײġ
лӵӰܹ˲Ŀȡ
лӶӣСԴ˵:СܿһΪȮڴϱһ˺üţǵʱѾһϢˣһֻȸǷԹۡΪ£ڶһЩųİĿ
ܽСƵ΢΢̧ͷһ˫ˮģ˵:壬һ𣿡

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СеŴɤ, л۾, Ц:Ȼ, ؽӽ, ΪСеҪһܹȥẦµġ
ܽͬ, СȣһؿվڲԶСơ
һԵüͷ, ʵüֳһ˿, ͬߵʵ:ǻصӦòҧ˰ɣ
һҧô죿
Ϊϸ׵꣬ʱʱ̶̿òŮİȫ
лһ׶Ůİ֮飬͵:ܣİ, СܹԵ, ӲҧˣһҿԱ֤
ֻΪܵ˺, ʱİ˵Ŀ, µɪɪ, һֱӵ²ϳ
ǸձǴȻһʱ, ԱĿ, СҲʮֵĵִͺ£Сֱ۵òС
ʵﱣСĶﻹкܶࡣǱ˺Ϊڵè˹ʵ̫, УкܶﶼֻһʱԲˣèèǵΨһһʧȥ£Լĳ鷳ܿͲȥˣһطG¡
ЩèֻܽΪè·ϼԣģ˶ãһЩ˵èϸ̫࣬ǶǽϣеýߣùӴɵĺҪôЩèè˳Ϊŭҧ࣬ҪôǱһϢ³ͨòȥ
СбȽ˵ģǻصĹԱˣĿɪɪʱ˭ĵһҳ׽л԰Ȯأ
Сƣܽһ֡
Сֻܹ˺л԰Ȯİ˵ĿǾ裬ɴ۾΢΢ţһֻҪǰһͻתһ
ܽо˴ϴݹĺ£ͣҧҧ촽С˵:СƣҪ£ǲ˺ġǸ˵ǱһֱһˣŻġ
СƺͰܽһһ˫ʪ۾ܽգգһ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾ǰȻΣһֱȵߵСƵǰҲûܣҸ
ܽһֻС֣ͷẹ̈ܶɫһֺůɫͷͺһС飬ӦҲ˸Ū˵ģȥȳȵģܽһҲû˼෴ϲֻС
ԼԴСҲ̽Եز˲Ŀȣһȥ֮Ҳ˲˺ԼҲ΢һ㣬ʼΧתȦȦСһһĺܿġ
лӿһĻһ˿οЦ⡣
ҲԵģСֻС϶ҲܸоСӵûж⣬Բûʱ㿪ɣ
лڼ֮Ҳܹ⣬ΪʲôܻԼŮ壬һﱣˡ
ܿóõСŮһĵغСӣͬ鱻԰ѵݽĿĺͺҲͬ鱻˺С
ʵܶʱЩԶСаġЩҲСһﶼ֪С˻ۣɺܶ˵Ĵȴ֪Ӧ˵װֻ֪ںԼĸܡ
СƣǸʱǲǺ۰ûµģһжұ֤ԺҲˡܽԼһֻת˽ɾϲЩǴ򽻵
ֻû׶԰СĴڡϴΰܽСڶ԰ϧǣǶڴССοǸܿҲûлȥӽЩС
Сƶ˶壬ĽƺڻӦĻҺ֫Ϊ߶Ϲ˷Թۣ־ʱһֱֻȳȥ·ʱҡҡλεģٶȻСһЩ
ܽǸСӣӿȥС˶٣һ˺С˵ŻûӦҲʲôģСƣҴȥòã㲻˵Ҿ͵ͬˡ
壬һ˴СƳȥһ𣿡СŹȥʵ
СŮƯֿɰޱεлܾܿСҲϲСŮһһһμ棬ûкµӵ£ô׽ľٶʵЩ֮⡣
ܽЦЦʮò˵:лл塣
˵꣬ʹС˸߲ҵسˡ
źСһ뿪ĽСӰлеЦԵظ̾:ܣŮɰ
국ЦЦͨ˿һޱ飬ȤŮͻĵÿġ
ĿУԼıŮõģҲֵõһС
==
Ȼһ̫ˣˮҲǡﱣصĹԱСĵؽСθСϴ衣
Ż˲һСʱʱ䣬СܽѾСֻл԰Ȯ׻ˡһ㶼׽˸ղͷʱСƲСˤУԹԱҪϴ衣
ܽθСϴܸͬȤǾͰְ˵ҪʹһСϴ裬ҲΣգͬˡ
һʿһͿò˻ϣ֮ĹӶͬҲھǩվڷſڣԶԶؿںһֻС˵ŮҲű
죬һֱĶ԰ǼŮӰ죬Ů鲻ãûĻÿʣҲżĲˡ
л˵Ļ΢΢ü˵:ܣҾٿǿǣﱣزû漰ﱣһ棬ôǮͶһлô㿪ʼ㡣
ﱣزȻľҲֻǿάڵĹģҪͶںﱣһ棬˵豸ǹԱҪƸࡣ
лʵҲʲô˵ʹʹһǮ¾Уƭˡ
ܸĲһСĿֲרҵѧڵģһỹСĴˣ¹
Ҳ֪ҳᲢָ׬ʲôǮü۵ģʹĥ͸еεͬѧҺǺѣ˵λãû˱ʡ
ֻһ׬ǮĻḺˣַӿҵֻҪԼĹ˾һͿˡǣһȫͶĸȴңҪȻҲ鷳ǣŴˡ
лӳĬˣֺγǶﱣصһء
һʼǧľѣؾܾĶ֪ʶҿԸӵİ
ҲнعĿ֮һ
Ѿû괽΢˵:Ժ鷳ˡ
лһĿ¶м˵:ӦЩҪĶǣúõллܲŶԡ
ߣ*򿨡

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ܽһĺܳʵ, ﱣСкܶ, СèСС񡭡һֻСϻ
ϻ̺ܿɰ, һ´, ѧ·ŴʹǷʱ, һһģһ˫ɫʪ, ׵Сģ˲ȷΧһƬˡ
ܽڹԱĿ, СϻëҪСƵëӲһЩе֡
˵ֻСϻĸѾˣǱЩҹ͵͵ɽ..ɱġΪ̫СʺϷ, ԶﱣֻȰСϻʱ, صĹԱÿ춼ι̡
СϲϻܸһǾ͸, ܽʱʱ̵̿Լõѻ, ʲô¶
˸绰ȥ, Ϣ, ϧû˽
ʱ, лظĺﱣľϸڡ
ǮлӸ
ȵʱʱҲˣһҲҪ뿪ﱣˡ
뿪֮ǰ, ܽʶǰ˵:СټһģҪúõġһʱͻ㡣
꿴ϳ󣬻һֱСƲƿߵŮ̲סһ:ãȻô᲻ֻСΪʲôðְְؼأ
лһʼҲ˵ﱣèèҵһõˣǿ԰ؼҵġ
ŮϲԺл˵һֻȽŲл԰Ȯȥš
ְֵ⣬ܽҡҡͷ˵:ˣְ֣С˵ϲСطúܿġ
ʧЦ֪ŮôһֻС˼ģȻȻҲǿ
СӵĵֿʵҲе㵣èèܻŮ彡һӰ졣
ǰְҿÿ¶𣿡ܽʵ
Դ˵:ֻҪϲǿ԰¾͹һΡ˿ģŵʯͷҲ˵ء
ܽԼܹ¾͹һΣСһˣȸԾ:ְ꣡
š´һҪϻСѡ
==
Ů˻صҺ󲻾ãΪ˸ǰܵνңԭ˧ͻȻһࡣ
ɳϣĵ̧ӣ˵:͹ôϻһ䡣
κһˮû˵:㻹˼ʡҪΪ绰ȥ״𣿣ҲܣұӼظ˳öҸЩҾˡ
Ҳû˵ͬ⣬Ҳû˵ͬ⣬һֱζͷ˿ڴʵ:ϵô£òԬ˰ɣ
˵ôʣ껹Ǻ˽Ԭ̵Ϊ˵ģ˼ҵ˼ʮ׶԰԰ɲһķ
ʶͷ۵÷һ˵:ǣԼСײġ
Ǽĸϴ֪Сһȥ֮󣬺һѯµǲģһܳȥ˭֪ߵ̫û·ѵһײϣ⸱ģ
˻ˣͻˡ
ǻ֮зһЦһ뵽ʲôǵĻѸֱ˭Ǽȥ׵ģСӴʦҽߵʱû˵ʵ
:Ҫ˵ʵҺӵӰܴСóȥ档
һԵİܽˣæеָ߻ľ˹ȥĶͷϴһ˵:壬ҸһͲˡ
ижѣͬʱƳԱߵĺһۣ˵:ﻹСã֣ʮĽˣҶôˣһ޶ԡ
һ˲ҧ˵:壬һҸҽԽԽá
˾ȥҽ֪װıŮ壬ɲɡ


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ҵļͥҽδ˶ͷϵ˿ڡ
ֻ, ѵػ֮, һһɴв֪˿һĻ˵Ϊ˶ôصơʵ, ֻײһ¶ѡ
һԵİܽգգ۾, ضͷϲɴ塣
棿Ϊʲôһûͱ˰ء
ǰܽϿһӰ, һͷСë¿
εǶԼһûʲôͳֻ, Լһ, ΢.żͥȺС
һǼһԬ԰˶Ϣ˽, ûȺظԼ
[]:, ס죬ٻ
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ȫ΢ݵ:
׵ʱС׼Ů֪ѶڰӼ˳ð, ϳ, Լ, ҳˡ
Ц, ҪǲϽߣǼԬ԰δĺܳһʱԻһ׻Ԭ԰ĽȦǰЩѧ, ͬ½ܵ׶ͬµͬ½ܵ׶󣬾㹻һˡ
Сã˵ҵôôడмһܻءηֻߵСŮ˵ͬʱĨĨ۽ǲڵᡣ
ܽһ˿ɻʵ:ҳ𣿡
ô˻ҳһף˵ȥҲһͼתƻ⣬˵:ǸûطȥˣСãң˵ô찡qaq
ܽļο:ûϵģ壬ˣǼסססá
ְûڵһʱͰϳȥʵѾĬ˿һֱ
κôѣȻҲ֪һѱסСŮɿֿŵص:Сãã
sкüղ˵ûطȥ̶ȻԶԸҲԲȡ
˭ĿĹСأ
ˣСõϣҲͲ͵͵СĻƽˡ
==
һ
׶԰İܽС绰ȥû˽ӵ顣
ҰְֵֻûˡСѽ͵
磬һȥӰԺһӰȻֳһʱŻؼҡ
ӹĺܿģҪΪˣÿĩԺһȥ档
СС͵ҲзգǾΪʲôаְסһأ
ոԼĺѣܽ˼Ƭ̣˵:һð취
:ãʲô취
ܽһ˵:ǿԸͳʦһͣӾ綼ôݵġ
ûĳգ͸ˡ
ԭС˵УŮҪ//ָ/׷/ͺ޳ȻΪܽĳ֣Ů˱仯еľ߶Ѿ״ңһСҲ֪˵ĸߵһ
Сյ⣬ȵͳʦ˺ͺ֮Ӧþܳ׵õ˰ɣ
֣Լ仰˵飬ҪŪô鷳
ֻСֲС                        
ߣ*ӿ죬ͻԭŮһԲ֡Сɰ֮o(RvQ)o

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ֻܽС𲻳, һֿ϶Ҫ˺ͺС
Ҳðܽ뵽취ܺ, СѴһı˴죬ȷһʱ䡣
Ǿڳʦһ쿪ʼж, ˰һ͡
ܽΪһм, һ°빦ġ
ǻҵһʺ͵ĵطССһ涼ûκξ飬˭Ҳ֪sʲôõġʺϾٰ͵Ĳ
üͷ, ʵ:ǿô찡ֲܻȥʰְ֡һʰְͱ¶ˡ
ܽĽëգգ, һƬӰ, һ˼˵:С㿴òãҰȥһҰְ, һа취
ǡǺðɡںͰܽһ, ԽԽˡ
ϾϴDNAӼ飬ǺѻؼҺæ, ô˳ɵ, һӼ, һ˵Ҫһйⷽ, ˵ͬ, һҲ
Ȼȥųأ㸺һѻͳʦŪ
˷ֹҪľͱ, ǧй¶ȥֻڰĵؽС
˵ְž͵оϲЧûоϲЧͻۿۡ
ܽѱܵҪСؼ֮ǧ¶ţû忴˳СһֱҪԼİְԺͺãȻæͬˡ

Сá
ʡʦʵ׶԰ѧ󣬹ӰܽѧΡ
ɹҲˣҲһֱ׳԰׺ȣסܵ÷ӵá˵С÷ѧͷϡ
СŮѧ飬ÿϰǰŮȥȻ˾Լȥϼţȫ岻֡
ôСѷѧվУſڵѩˣһʵ
Щ׶԰İʦøѰÿһѧȫ͵ҳУκεʧ
δ΢˵:ʦСİְֽҪæԲŻҹӺӷѧġҪǲĵĻԴ绰ȥһ¡
εһ׶԰԰ȻҲ֪ʦǲúӱ˸ߵĹأҪǳ飬ҲøΡ
ѩǸЦЦȻ˸绰Сѵİְ֣ȷ֮˵:Ǹ˼ղõˡ
˵֪ǰ˾Ԭ԰Ķӣճô绰ʹСѵļҳ֮󣬲ѺӴߣȻһмҳͶߣݹҲ͸ɵͷˡ
:ʦô˵Ϳˣ绰ȷʦķ֮£ҵһҲӦõģҶΪ˺ӵİȫ롣
˺ôҲСõİʦȻ׵̬֮Ҳ̫䵭ˡ
֪췢޹أʲôҲ֪飬ͨ׶Ѿ˺ӣӶ֪ѶˡֻΪû뵽׶Сõİʦ֪Сõ˭Լƻűʧˡ
ʵȥ׶һ㲻ᣬʦΪ˻ǺܲģϴκСһȥץ޻ʱûһͲͷ˼ദĺǢ
˵ʵлôһԲ
ʦټǣֵİܽغʦк
ʦĺӺͼҳҪͣҲûʲôʱȥ
׵һϣѩҲȥһλ׶Ǿͼ򵥵ĳһٷ˽һ¶ԷȻɢˣظҸҸ衣ֻϣǸ˻˶ʺѩȷԼϲһ׶󣬶ǰһ
ѩźȻЩգҡҡͷʲôء
==
ؼҵ·ϡ
ܽںϣͻȻ˺ѵǼ飬룬Ҳһˣ˵֪ȥʲôطأ
˼ȥǾһߵ壬Ȼȥ鷳æְ֡
壬һ⣬֪֪sʲôطԷ
˵ԽĵطһͣԽܴٽ֮ĸ顣ûͳʦعںãⲿ͵õλС
⣬㶣ʵ:һСһʲôѲھ׶԰СҲʼ׷ˣ
ܽԥһ£Ҫѵİְعںõ飬һһʮ˵˳ĹϵôãӦò˵ȥɣ
̣Ǹ
˵ʱüͷ΢ɲsпǳͷĺܣǺͺ˺s.c.ĴĿ˻ϼܾλá
ֻЩֻ˵£ǣҵ⼸Ӷ̫ùҪ˵ûֱʣǾԲŵġȻˣҵ⼸һҲʲôˣΪϵǰûٸϼʹӣ˽ģϣԽԽá
壬㵽֪֪ѽ㲻֪ĻҾҪȥҰְˡܽ˵
ʦѾûˣǱϽظС
αͯ۵ɤʵ˵:Сãô˵ɾСˣһ棬ְҶôѽ
Ժsڶ¶ҿƣⱲӶûкŮԼأοǸʲôˡ
飬ôεĴ˧ӦһЩ
ڰܽĿУְܵģʲô֪ô˵죬ʵ:壬˵𣿡
γգ˵:ƭʲôͷĺˣһСҵһõĳء
һԼĳС£˵򵥣ַӵ顣֤ŵ׵СöĿ࿴
еĿ϶ܽװ׾С¶һõЦݣǳǳ˵:лл塣
αСŮЦݣȵĶˣЦ˵:һĿҪ̸ؼҳԷȥԴͺòã
ҪΪʵ̫æs.c.Ŀ߲ˣͺӷѧôõ䵽ͷϡ
ܽСԻȻʳ˵ͷӦ
ϴһҲԹüˣνСûһҲԷҲҲһѿģʳƷȫбϡ
ϧĹ涨СӲóʳƷȻһߵСȥһըСϺء
ôǴһСԷˣѿߵСŮ̲ס٩һ䡣
Це˵:ʲôСŮһμǵø
ͷһֱϲ˾˵СŮʵϣҲȷʵǰСõŮһš
Ѳؿһ۰ˣʾôҲšżʱûӶôˣ
֪ڻСõĴ֪ҲûͣŻȥˡ                        
ߣ*ðˣ岻٣Ӧöûж

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δСóصʱ, ûл
ְְֲܽڼҺ, һʱҵ˹ܼүүɤŴʵ:ܼүү, ְûд绰˵ʲôʱܻ
ԥһ, ص:ֻ˵ܻСԼϴ˯, õ
ǰؼҲǳ̬Ӱ, ϶סڹ˾ĹԢ, ʮ¶ؼһˡСmӻŷ˸ı䣬ÿ׼ʱ°ͺӣĩҲӰˡ
ǡǺðɡܽ, һ˿ʧ䡣
컹ǵ㿴ƬΰͲúһ, ſԺС˶һ
ԴŮ󣬺ԽԽСˡһŮ, ΢Сö׽һЩ, װͰ͵ĿԼ
С, 뿴ʲôƬóңʵ
С棡, ˵
ܽһĺú, ְֻ֪ûؼҾӦæҲ֣ҲҪ绰ȥԼ΢ʧһ, ͺһɳϿС棬ﶼǻЦ
ٽϾŵʱڴˡ
ã˼ְʵ̫æһǰˣ⹫쵽ˣɻȥһm
ǰһҵĹϵǳһ㣬˭ǵĻһʼΪҵж˽˸飬ȫ˫ĸĸٳɵġ
ռЩΧǨƣ˵ĻʵάֱϵĿǰ⼸ռ˵գֻһݹصȥӲԵ
ǣһˣΪбŮڡ
ʵǰȥȫԲӵĴڸԸӳˡûУΪʲôǸı뷨ﶼǳĸмⱲӶıŮˣ˵Ļźġ
⹫ڰܽԭļУӡʵźɹ㡣
ΪͰְһҪÿ춼ȥ׬ǮеʱȰְֻҪæҪܻؼңһֱչӣҲʱʱؾ͹
⹫ôÿظһլʱ⹫ǰһһ׺׵ӡ
ãҲûˣ⹫ǶӦûȥһˣѾʦü٣׶԰Ǳ߲õģ͵ʱ䡣
s.c.Ŀæͷת򣬲£ǰʱ䣬ѾӰӵ㹤żġ
ԭȫ԰ذѺӴȥһ˲μ磬룬ûôǰȥʱûмʱϹȥ˼ҵ硭ҪٴôҲ˵ȥˡ
ңҲúһ˹ȥռҵЩӣһСӿӦùġºǱʲôίġ
˵⹫Цȥýӽȥmδˣܽжʱһ˿ϲã˵˵:ðȥm⹫ඡ
մӦ˳ʦգдһʱ䣬ȷ˵ʱ䲻ײϺųһ
ûáʦ¸һ⹫ģʱϲͻ
ͳʦ˵ͼƻǰڵ׼ֻܶɺѻһˡ
ղڳϵʱ򣬴Ӧһʺ͵ĲҲ֪ǲǵã
ܽʹһɫ֪Сһ˼бһokƣʾæһﵽ׵ġ
==
һ磬ܽһͬ
ãСһҪȵţ̲СһڵϲĺͬһùϢĿս㣬ߵıŮһţֳ̹硣
ܽСűӣһСһСڵĺţûȥһԹİְ֡
ְҪܴŰְ֣ʲôԱߵ尢̡
Ϊȥmִ̫һӣһ˿϶æԻλ
Сʱ󣬻ĹԱ֪ͨҪǻһϻգһȥmĺࡣ
ŮԼеĶͷȲգλҲһģչ˼ΨһСӡ
СܽǵһɻΧһжоʣһֱλ󿴿ҿʱʱ򿪸壬һİơ
ƶôƯͺ׳׳һģһ
ܽһ֮󣬾˯һٴʱÿսһݷɻ͹
ܽһ߿ŶƬһ߰ͳˣԵøɸɾ
˴εĺһʮСʱڰ֮ܽ£ɻˡ

ҵĹԹСϿſЩ춼ûСȲԼŮһ붼Ȳˡ
˵ʲôҲͬ⣬ѼͻعڡԼŮѾȥھΨһŮҲҪߣⲻõʹ𣿣
һ£ŮǰУǿɿڣ֪˼ӵĴڣʹԼŮ˻ȥ
Ϊزҽ˵ǻƣҲпֻܻꡣ⻹һֱȽֹ۵ˣҪ;񻯣궼ֲȥʱŮô찡
״ֻչ˼Ӷ̶̼ʱ䣬չ˲һӣû취չꡣ
Ѻиˣ϶ǲĵģΪһ˽ѺߣԺûչ۸ǰиӵĸסС£ܺúõغԼδıĸ飬ȵӵʹˣŮҪʲôˡ
ڶģ˵ԸôĮôҲǼӵףҲһֱûȢҲӦǻƴԼİɣ
ţˡܽǰ˺иУ仰֪ôؾʹĿ˵˳һΥ͸жûС
ҲǼҹԹСˡڿЦݣһûܹίӣһֱŵĲ
ȷʵûпӣͷˡ

064

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Ϸ, þòͿشк
ЦЦ, ˵:ǰҲвû˰ɡһμ, ˺ԼŮ֮ǰ
ŮûԹǰС, Ͼһ׮ʼնֻҵʱһ, ŮҲȥһԼϲ˼ˣΪ׸ǿпϵĻ, û뵽, Ů󲻾ãͲС
Ϊ˶ҪǲҪ⣬һֱæڹŮãǲĴԼ, 
ԼŮ, Ц˵:߰ɣҸһҾƵ, լԶ, ⹫ٳʱ, ٴżùȥɡ
ܽ΢΢̧ͷ, һ˫峺һ˿, Ųʵԭɤʵ:ţΪʲôǲլסأ
ӡУź⹫һֱסլġ˵Ϊ蹤æ, ԺĸŮ˲Ű˳סţΪʲôͰְҪסھƵأ
ɫѿһ˲ܿͻָ͵:⹫ڼ˶ӣʲô˶УסûľƵ
ܽҲһ䣬ô˵Ҳûټȥ۾˵:Ŷԭ
ã˵ûסһЩĻҲԴȥһٺóԵġڵһ˿⣬ʹĥ͸е
ռҵ֮ԻЩӣΪϷ̫үԭӡϷ̫үǰĵڶŽĻ飬Ǹʱ̫үֻһСӣϷ˵ļҾҪ࣬໥֣ŰϼŷչĹģһߵ˽졣
Ȼ̫үĸʱƺԭӺµĶӣϷһ̬䵭ռڲĹϵһֱܽš
ǰµĶڻ˹˾Ϸô̫үҿഴµĹ˾أ
ղòйȥլס飬Ϸһɫ䣬´ʱǸԭӾʹլɡϷҲǲסȥ̫ΣԲŻⰲסûֱӰǽӻլ
еûʲôӵĸоѾռҵ㲻һˣҲûзҪռլɡ
ǡ
꿴һаŮûһӣʲôһˡһ뵽˶òãٶһӣֻĳ谮оʮܡ
ŮֵõһУκ۸ĻᡣǸԼҲԡ
==
Ƶ
ܣͷģСһչ˺õġҲһˣҪʱϵ˾ϵ顣
mҪΪ˸ռ̫үٵģĿġҪȥ˳ݷһλεs.c.ĿҪĶС
ʲô͸򣬲ںǮ顣óһÿˬ˵
λԼ磬ԽûʲôСˣֻشȥһ䡣

Сmأʲô𣿡ܽڽӵѵ绰ʱͷ˵úܡ
Ȼ绰ͷĻСȴһʧ䣬üͷ˿ȥίˣίͰ͵ʵ:ãʲôʱܻ
˵Ҫټȥʱ򣬱Ҳһȥģְֺ߰󣬰ְȴȥ⹫յģȥ̫㣬ֻա
šҲְ̫˵Ҫȵ죬Ҳ⹫һպܻܽΪǵһ˸㲻͵飬룬˵:֮ǰѾ壬һʺϾٰ͵ĳأֻҲ˵Ѿҵ˲֪յϢûУ
ϣ˵ʱѾòˣҲĵַСġ
֪ÿ˵壬׶԰˷ѧյˡ
ܽ˵:յ˾ͺáȻϷʱ΢ôһ㣬»Ǻܿ׵ġ
ʵСδ绰ΪģΪ˲ŴġһСӺֻӿ˵е㲻̫˼
ͬһ춼û׶԰ô׶԰ӣһӱ
оߵʱȤһЩ
Сʲô˵飬Ҳæģİɣǲǵļƻ˵ȥġܽһֱ۰廹ǷǳĵģҴmóԵģ
СԻܽһ˵Լѵı־ԸԼʳָԡ
ؽŵʱСһԴ绰ͣſڣû߽ȥš̲ס̾һ䣬û뵽ҺҵСҲôá
ΪҵǺѣھλ֮Ĺϵǰ࣬ܺͻξȻһs.c.Ŀsеĺܶ˶û뵽
ԭϼźͻϼеκһңѶԳĿҹ˾ĿڽУֲôľsе˾Թۣſܷܲһںˣһ֣˶붼ˡ
СѹҶϵ绰֮زŶŸкõʹ˹ȥЦ˵:ղںͻСɣ
šܽЦЦ
ذѹ̷ϣ˵:ܸղѾˣܵõȵϲܻ
ֻܽʵ:壬ְǰ˵ʲô𣿡
ʵ˵:˵Գȥ棬һЩϵҪȥ㲻ҪġܵŮȫܺԭϵŵ㣬
Сﻰ̫ϲܺԭ˶ʲôԸ֮ˣһһ٣רעҵӣض󲻵ԭ侲Գֵܻôζһ죬һ¶ô
һ㣬ؾͶС
ؿԤϵõСѳһһСǲ֪Ժ˭ҵСøˡ
ܽͻȻ뵽ʲô˵:壬ܲܰһ£
ɫºͣʵ:ʲô£ӦҪúչС㣬ֻҪܰ쵽ģ϶岻ݴǡ
ܽ:壬ÿڹ˾ܼܲලְֶϢһҪôˡղڷɻϵʱ򣬴Ҷ˯Ϣְȴһֱŵڹڸճ緹ûãҪȥҪæûͣ
ְְ֣ܽô࣬ԺҲ׬Ǯְֵġ
û뵽СŮһ֣Ҫ˵ĻȻ㶣Ȼ˵:⣬һ֪ġ
ǳĹΪҲȰΪأòƲôáС˵Ļһġ                        
ߣ*ɰ߳ðݡo(RvQ)o

065

/065

̳ܽջ, ׶԰Сͬѧ, 壬ʦ, ʦ, 塭ֻҪ뵽ˣÿһѡ
ô, ׶԰ͬѧ뵽ˣôûҪԼʲôأؿŹһʲôﶼûԼСŮ, ʵ
ܽĻ, ԼֵĳʳЦݲõ˵:壬ҸԼѽ㿴, ЩԵĶԼġ
:СӵԸȻʵ޻ʡǮ, ܳǰÿעǰ׸ˣСһͲʲôصƷ, ȫǳԵġ
໨ЩǮ, Ҳ˵, Լʲôû
˵ʵ, ˵ִ󸻴󡢴ȱǮĺ, ͨ˼У˵СҲǲˡ˵ҵǸӣ궼ˣ˵ҲôƤ, Ҳֻ֪ߡ
һ˻Ҫչ˺ӣҲһôණһַõ˰Щ͵Ƶ
ȥǣСŮ˵
ܽһ˼˵:壬ǸְڲЩȥ԰ɡ
ܽһֱųȥְ֡Ҳ֪ûаʱԷ
ְֻûгԷĻͼලְְЩԵȫְ꣬Ѿ˵ĻԼһ˳ˣҲ˷ʳ
һԵѾϰСŮܵĹģͺѾϰܶŮİһŮĸǺõɷˣúúãǸܴȥ
ȵ˴ŴõʳصƵŷ֣ǸΪûлɳϴ
ְ֣Ѿ˰ǹѾæ𣿡ְֱ֣ܽӸ˵˹ȥ
ֽסһ˷ܵŮ磬˵:ţæˡ
ʵϣε˵ô˳Ϲȥʱλ˵ʲôҲϵĿļֻ֧֣úõԼӣٰȰ˵޹֮£ֻȻ취ˡ
ˣϵ黹ǵòμ̫ү˵ɡ
==
ܿ͵̫үٳ졣
ռլͣĿĿϾӡ
괩һüĺɫװ³û̴ӰһĳŴ򿪣Լ˹ȥŵһСӸ
ǵˡ
⹫ʮ٣ܽҲƯƯͺһСŮƵġ
ܽʵʵظڰְߣûܣͬʱţֱڴſڿһʱŻȸԾС˹ȥ:ţ
ڳЩУ˸һİְֺ⣬һҲʶʶš
ԼŮҲ¶һ˿ЦݣղżǶĸʱĲ˲ɢ࣬˵:⹫ѾǺܾˣȴǸŮȥһɡ
ھҪȥ⹫ܽһֻйƤͻȻһ˿ӡϾļУ⹫һֱǰһһ׵ӡ
ǲǲϲأ
ռլװƫʽĽÿһ͸¶͵ݻ
գźӹˡ
⹫տ֡ܽشǰˣһɫװŭȥʮֵࡣ
ܽ΢΢òײŹ⹫кȻ˵ϸоͬźͰְһϲ֮飬ҲûһʼϲԼ
ʹ˸ɫذξ׼ĺ˹ȥ˵:̫үף綫ٱɽ
ר͸ռ̫үʮٺ񣬿϶Ҫõĳ֡һֱһõĶϺõ䣬껨˴Ǯġ
λΪǰŮ̫ү̬ҲǿͿģҾѾܸˣƷôصĺ񡣡
ЦЦ˵:̫үʮ٣ôܻ᲻ݺԸء
ʵҽЩķչԶռҪ࣬ռҵΧȥ˹⣬Ϊϼܲõ꣬ԭ±ֵôô˵˶õ⹫ӻҪġ
Сķ̫үˣϵЦҲ˼֣סŮ֣Ͱ˵:ûֳ˲ٰڹڵЩӹĲ⹫Ҳͷˡ
һ˵̸üͷ΢ɲ壬ûһ˿˵
̫үԭŮߵģϷ顢˺һŰ˸ߡΪɶµŮܻúŮһ³ȵҪһԼ˽ҵ
ŮæڹΪ˹˾ķչδ룬ûоܾεȰ費ˣԸԼŮҲϣСһֱǵģҪΪ˹˾һ̯ġ
ôһŮҽԺѾ˼ˣʵǻס೤ʱ䣬Ҳ뿪صڡ
Ȼкӵ⹫ֻҪһҲĸһ죬͸ţȥ֮ԼĹԹŮﲻ۸
ͱˣʦ͵͵ʲļ̳˶ŮãһǮûˡŮѾˣΪԼŮô㣬һݣ˭ߡ
ʱҲһ˵һϼž̫ү㿪ʼģز˽ɾ͡
һĸŮʲôʲôûֻǵÿ¸Щ⣬ǰ޵Ķӽ빫˾ԭŮһУʵܲˡ
ǲһĸŮ߹˾ĹɷݵģûŮԺ̳й˾ȫˣҲǷֺ
ʱһһŮ˴˽ŮĴúʱ֣ȥʮꡣߵˣƵĳ֪Ӧĸӹϵ
ְܸ֡ܽоŵɢĶ⣬Եһʱ㵽ְֵ󣬳ס½ǡ
Ҳע⵽߿ߣۣӥͬʱŮֱۣЩŵСӣ˵:ãû£аְڣû˸۸㡣


066

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˽֮, ԭķΧʧ, ΧĿһӱ
ͿһĸӲ˳ˣƽʱ, ϶˵ĳûʲôɫ, ǣ˭ýյʮ, ĹԹԱŮ߿ţú˶ƽϡ
, һĸٶһʱ, һʱƽ˾ȵѹ˾йɷݶˣٷʰҲü
Ҳ²˶ˡ
šְֵܽĵοԭŵҲƽ
ǰԭԼס, ʮ¶زռլ, ԰ܽҲһͻȻֵĸûʲôӡ
ǿȥÿµqaq
СܽڽӴȺҪô׶԰СѺʦ, ҪôһЩܺõ尢, Ѿܾûдӱ, оǿҵĶˡ
Ҿ˵, ôô, ͷ񻪵Цԭܴźӹˡ֣õ仰һʼƺûʲôԵĵط˵Ķ˻ΪŮˡ
һŵԼŮ, Ȼûʲô̬ȣҲûбҪһ˿ͿģûдֱӶһԵ̫ү˵:̫үȻﻹбĿˣҺþȥˡ
굱Ȼ֪˵ݣ֪ǰһĸ˭ûǹô˵ġ
ʲô۸ֵˡ˲Ҳˣұطˡ
֣õ仰ϵЦݽӲһ˲һԭӦҲ߿ͷ̲꣬סһ˿͡
˵ϡֳϺ˶ƽЩʲôⲢ֣õԱ᲻ˡ
˵ǰôûãǰŮԸôԼԵأ
̫үע⵽һĻۣҪΪܣ֮ǰ˿ڣ˵;꣬úõظôżߣŶˣǸǽˣλյǰ֣õһĶӡ
ǰ޵ҧأȻʣͷҪÿζ˵ˣҲûʲô¡һĸŵƫǰûﰵʹӣڵʱҲҪŰĶӸеʵ߼ˡ
֣õһվһԵСѣ˵žҪװһȥӣҼǵϴμӣճûõʱû뵽ڶôˣСŮÿӦ˰ɡ
ܽһҲϲỊ̇Լ˹ССϽְֵ˶㡣
֣õһһС˶ôԸӲˬˡְ񻪻ڱϣҲʲô۸˵Ҳ÷ֻܼάϵЦݡ
ǣԼұŮ֣͸¶һ˿䵭ͬĮüһ˵:˼˶ܱġ
ܣ˵ʲô˵úһ۸һСƵġ֣õȥ˻ƤЦⲻЦ˵
ĴһҲûȻʲôʡ͵ĵơ
뵽⣬֣õԽԼĶϱ˵Ķԣ˵һҪӣϼŵĹɷô죿
ô˵öүӵŮϻڣԺļҲ϶ҲҪ߲٣֣õ˵ŮˣҪԼŮߵʱл˺þá
ǸʱǣֻҪϽСӸˣͻصװֵߣүûӣӵĸ飬϶ûԼ߳ĺ׵ġ
˵ˣռΨһжĶӣҲΪռһӣֻһŮǿ̫ˣŮ㣬ڹ˾ʱѹĶһͷ˭ŮѾأϼԺעǻҪĶ̳еġ
Ȼָ˵˺󣬲ʶһЩǰû⡣굱ƹܹ˾ʱõֶΣһȦ˶жţsдķзġһˣѱԺ󲻻ΪռҵļҲĸ
ܽȻСҲʱ˵ְֱҲҪ뿪˼΢΢̧ͷһ˫ˮģʵ:ְ֣ڿ𣿡
ȻԣְִȥкܶóԵĺͺġԼݵλͣϼһ˵㣬̫үҪ֣ûҪ˶Ӧȥ 
ղſĸŮûֱ߿ҲΪ˸Ϸ˳ͷһ˵ļȴҪһ˵̬˿Ĺ֪ߡ
ʱ鲻ɨһɫѿ֣õˣЦе˵:꣬ҴǹȥɣҲСһȡ
Źǣֵʱ򣬰ܽûж㿪װ׾Сϻ¶һõЦݡ
ղŵķӦԱʮԣ֣õʲôá
뿪ˣк޵õָ׶
ˣҲһ㡣̫ү˶뿪ˣؾһ֣õ
̫үôҲݺ̳ô꣬ղһֱû˵ʲôû
ղ˵Ѿ㹻ˣƫƫżȥ
̫үѡ굱ŮҲǿһҰʵġӣԺܲסռҵĻҵ˵
ϧûˣȻҲҪԼƴ뱲ӵĹ˾ûоͷԵĶӡ
====
μ̫үʮٺһҲûռլֱӸһͬ뿪ˡ
ڻؾƵ·ϣȥٳŻعǰһ죬ȥǸټһ档
ΪϵҲ˲ٹ򣬺òײŴҲm
ʵεĿָҲʲô©һֱϲÿһáͬ⣬Ӱӳɹ
Ȼmˣûȷܾǰǲ׷ġ
ְ֣ܸܲһȥܽû澡ˣ⹫ʮĺİ
Щμ尢̸ǣһض·һߣЦʱر١һҲˣȴҪװһܸ˵ӣһҲϲȴҪڰְֵǰװһϲӡ
˵磬ܽСӱʾԼĿסÿ춼ôΪʲôǰ಻أ
ʦ塭Ǵһʱ򣬰ܽͲоڡ
ϵĳʳζܲðܽСԻ飬΢ôһ㡣
֪ŮڽϴòôģôؾƵҲʵ̫ģ룬˵:ǺðɣְִһȥȻǸүүǵòҪܡ
ƢŹ֣رӣһ԰õ塣
ôΪŮ᲻СŪֵЩõ廨εĺֻǵŮȥʱõ廨ϵļ˵                        
ߣ*˼٣ȡ

067

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ô㣿ϴҶ˵ûոǹ˾ָ, 㻹ʲô, һγֵʱͷ۵ĲС
ϰúúõ, ûѡڹڴ, ǲҵԼһȺ˹סС, ϴ뷽跨ܾ֮Ȼ, һεŰݷˡ
ƶľȻֵó, һԼϣ붼ķҡ
˵ĿֲǷɣô˶ԽӣСͲ𣿣
Ļ, 꿡ʵ¶һº͵Ц, ˵:Ϸ˵ʱٹġ
ϴݷõʱ, Ͱӵϲ, һϸϲӵĶ, Ϸ˵ͦϲ࿡ſġ
ƢŹ, ˼׽, Ϸȴһ浾ĽŮӡҪ˵ִǵôİ¹С
û˵ģ, 㻹ϿÿȽŽϷſڵĶ˹˵
һԼӣһû˵ʲô
Ϸ˸ϽԼϰһε˵:˵˵㣬͵ˣһСƽϣпˣǾ֮ĵʵ̫ʧˡ
ܿ죬Ϸ˱ע⵽βһ˹ģ߻һСŮ
۵ģúǿɰ
Ϸ˱һرϲӵˣϧԼ״ãʱҽ˵Уһֱûкӡ
Сܸ̣ܲʲôְϷ˿ĶһأĿ͵˵
ܽʶ̣죬̧ͷһߵİְ֣Ŀ϶Ŀ֮£ػش̣ҽá
ôֶµСŮ˭᲻ϲء
Ϸ˱СһüЦģӽѵôˣҲ˼ٷƢǼ˸ϳȥֻգ˳ָɳϵ˵˱Ȳ衣
ҶԼɵģ϶ûƽʱȵЩҶáлձǰСӶ飬˵
һ֪ƢӦҲ֮УɫȻغһڲ衣
ϴιʱ⵽Ȳ趼ûüһŮĸǶһЩرĴûҪߵ˼ˡ
ֻҪͶ˼˵ɹϣ
ϴᵽйs.c.Ŀļָ࿼һ¡
ܣҶ˵˶ٱˣѾˣֻҵӣûȥǵĿָ˵ˣҶѾһʮͷˣ㣬Ҳûáû˵
ҿ๤˰뱲ӣǮҲѾ׬ˣòݣŲΪٷֻֿи徻ĵط϶ѡ
ԣüͷ΢ɲ壬̸ʱ򣬲ֽҪǮҪˣʲôҪֻԼµˡǮ˶ʲô鷳ֵ֡ͨĺܡ
˽֮ʣԭϷһİܽͻȻһӣСС˹
ְְְ֣һи㣬ܲڳԼ飿ܽɤŴŴʵڳϴӦְ֣үүļܣҲҳԶġ
̣Ƚ⹫ϼǸ̺̫ˡ⣬ʽĸ㣬˾Ӧúܺóԣܽϲһ
ŮԴЦ˵:ȻϷ˸ͳ԰ɣղ¸ʱûлл̣
ܽͷ絷:Сʦ˵˱˵ĶҪ˵ллһòĺúӡ
ʱϷҲ˽˵:ܣŮ̫Т˳ˣӸոջ˵Ҫѧϰء
ССʲôȤ鷳Ϸˡ꿴һССڳŸ㡢ЦŮĵůġ
Ϸ:ʲô鷳ģܹԵģĺϲӣ̫ϲˡСദо˶˼ʮ꣬οһôĺӡ
һĻϲӣֿһ۾¿ɰСŮԭ˴ŵĲҲɢࡣ
Ϊʱ䣬ӸҪȥһҽԺһֱǸãѾкܳʱûôЦˡ
֪ϲӣǰʱȥҪҪȥԺӣһкһŮҲӵԸֻΪԭǻû
أСӶΪ˺üˣ㷴ÿڼҲûֻӾ磬ȥ˼ҡϷЦЦ˵պҲعڴһʱ䣬Ҿͺһȥɡ
һعڣصԸ񣬿϶Ҳǲȥġ
ϷʵϲڹڣȻǼڹڵܴÿ¶ǮӲʤ䷳û취ˣ״ҲҪõƣԲһᵽ˹ⶨӡ
һ˵һϷ˻ǺܿСģݷõ̬ȾͱĿǫѷࡣЩˣֱһǮҪΪ£Ǹ˵˾úܲ
ϷȻΪͰѿ˸ϳȥҲ̫ϲ
İɣҵöˣȥڴϼȫû⡣Ϸ֪ɷԼ塣
ӶѾˣ˵ʲôĴСһֱԼϰ˵㡣
ڿŮ꣬˵:˵ǸĿҴӦˣҺҵæmߵ飬һںͻصڡ
üԸִȻôͬˣ͸ղŵ̬ˣܴӦϼŵңʲôʱߵعʱԺϵʱһλġ
ΪʲôŸıģֻҪϴӦs.c.ĿļָС
ŮȻĸǣϴ˵ʲôҲͬعгȴ˵˳˳оʮ⡣
ߣ*ߺüĻСѿصߡݩn

068

/068

ع, ܽһʱmﶼָ˴ҡ
Ȼ, СѼ̽йͼƻ顣
ȵ˳ʦ죬صذλ, Ҳǻܵİְ, 뵽;׼õء
Ϊ˲˴ţһҲѾǸȫа, ٽӴĿˡ
СôżʲôΪʲôҪҴȻڳϵʱ, ͱСѸŴ˺ɫ, ǰںһƬʲô
裬գҸ׼һССϲ, ֻϲҪ۾Ч
һǺӸ׼վϲ, ס۾ʲôĳȻ㶣ε:, ҵľϲ
ʵЩ, Լ첻ǵԼһˡÿæżְ׬Ǯ, , пչʲô, ÿʱҲֻС̻ܹǵգһС⣬ϸССףһ¡
Ҳÿһġֵʱ
Ϊ˰˸һ, ܽͻ˷ֿжܸ㶨Լ裬ܽ㶨塣
ܽԵ̫ãڴĿеĿŶȺܸߣ˵ҲûзѶֱӸ߻壬һСϲҪԼߣȻ˳ظ֣˳ذ˲ſڡ
ߵСŮһһز·ΪʲôҲԽԽ棬СþڸЩʲôá
Сã˵Ǹطǻûе𣿡εһ䡣
ϳڶȥ˴Сʱˣϲʱʵе㳤Ҳ֪Сʲôط
壬żͿҪˣٵһȡܽ˵ͬʱһΧſڵıڸһokƣһ
СѾһѳʦ˲
ܽŻǰߣȰ˶ԱߺСѻ˴ʹһȻϢ뿪͵ĳˡ
ϣǻϲ׼Сϲ
ȻѾλϵ˲ʮңһֱٵȵȣ˵Ǿϲû׼:Сڻժ𣿡
ʲôϲôصġ
Ȼһ˿ڴ
һԵĻ̸뿪ѯСǵطûУôͻȻˣ˳Ȼ˵һͷˮԥժ֡
ûֹ
ֻһҲ÷ǳиĲϰ˺ɫͳɰǧõ廨ϻһõ廨ֳ꣬Χȥʮֵ
Ǹ˵ҪһϲСŮѾӰŵģֵͬĳȻ
Ӳ΢һĥ֪Сһڴʲôˡ
ֻǰ
üͷַסͷʹ۾ԺһĻĻģĳǰʱƺҲ飬һ飬õ壬ָͣеͷߵİˡ
ԼʧһΣѲɸղԺиֳĳʧȥ飿
òͳȻʱĳɡ
ʹиӵŻھԼܲժֵŮ˵:ȻңǶѾˣҲ԰ժˡ
ȻϤʱ˺һɻΪʲôӸԼվϲл̵ĴڡΪ϶ǲԼˡ
ȵȻԼժ֣ǰһĻһ˿𾪺Ͳ˼顣
ǡἫˡ
ͣ⵽ʲôǶӸվϲ𣿣
ȻԭΪժֵһۿģǶ׼յ⡣
յĻЦЦ͵:û´ĻӦӸ׼͡ǱСǸӸִİɣҲǣֻҹСãǰͲ֪ȥˡ
ӶرСѣ־һжԲҲ֪ǷֿжΪϢذͳȻ˴һ
Ϊʲôͱֵû𣿣
ȻҲһֱҪһ˿סһᵽüΣǵɻ˹ȥ
ͻ̣Ѿزȥˡһʱۼ䣬ֻһ˼ǵãһ˵飬ܲܽźǿ˺һ𡣵һ˺ܾãҲθ顣
ô죿Ȼһװʵ
̿ŽΪգøƯŮˣ˶٣˵ȻǺǵһ⣬Щ˵ģǲҪ˷ˡˣҪһٷ˵
һԵĻ̻ûȳȻھܾߵǰѾѺõľƣĵظһ
ллߴƿͷ΢һںơ
Ҳھƾ£Ȼԭִٲ黺˲١

ͬʱ
ڼﰵع۲˵СѼ˭û뿪˺ƣãж˲ѡ
ζǵļƻָһ
Сͷİɣεļƻ϶ܳɹҹѾ㵽˳ġ֮ͺò˶ãһ˾Ϳžˡ
ܽ˵ݵģղŹ۲쵽ʦͷϵһ˿ķۺɫ
Ƕǰ鼴Ҫн˵ס
Ļ˵ĸڽϾͻһܴĽչ
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Сѽӹܽݹı裬һ׳ԽĿڸ֡
˶ĻõʱͻȻŶ룬һ
ţҡ߽Ρ
ܾܽС࣬ʵ:壬ôҲˣεļƻ˲ķԱԼڣֻһ֪
ӣ˵:СµԹǡ
ʵǡֵֿĺ£ôܹٵأ
̵Ĺϲ԰ײԣԺ˵ܽ˵٩٩һ
һõĴ¡
ǴæСѵȻܾһж
öĿӼһ⣬̽һ߾׽һ߰Եʵ:  ˣڷչһˣСûбĲõĳظжޣ
ߣ*Թ(/RQ/)

069

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, ְֺǾһ˵, ϵĲ˶ûжءͻȻֵСʵʵػش
ܽ, һ˫Ưһ˿ɻ
Ҳ̫һ, ˵еһУʦͻ׼һСϲ, Ҳûеж޵̶ֳȰɡ
νյСӵעĿ⣬ʶղһʱ, Լ˵Ķ˵˳
Եһ, 漴װµظԼּһӺ⡣
ҲĲζĲСڳ壬, һ㡣θÿ˶һֻϺ, ŷתŻ⡣
β͵ĲҵģصǮ, ȻҲ˸ġô, ҲȥӸǮ
Ȼ, СһһǮ, пһ
һ߳Թһ߳Էĸо, Ǳȿ绹ˬ֪Ļղžһˡ
Ҳ
ûд̫ྫʵĺϷ

ͬʱһߡ
Ȼ, տ֡˵ţ̴ӿڴóһɫκС
֪ǳȻգΪһᣬڽеʱ֤ϵĺĬĬҲһ׼˵ģԭ뿴Сø׼ľϲ󣬾͸ȥҰͳȥ
ӽ첻ڣ绰˵ҪæͲµ˶Ӧ裬ԼݲϲεģҲعȥĸ˵Ŀʱ⡣
ȻźɫװŵҶĿͣ˺þá
̼ͻȻסΪ͵ʲô⣬ʵ:ôˣǲϲҪǲϲĻٸ㻻һ
ֿܶԣΨûҲ᲻ϲȻҲʧûǰϲãΪǰЩ̳￴һоĪǾͺԥذε
Ȼô˵ϽҡҡͷȻЩʣ۽˸飬˵:ûУҺϲ
Ȼ֮ôΪҶǻ͸ԼһһģһģֻһʧˣôҲҲ
һҶ֮䣬ºȥ̳һǣļ۸̫ˣһżʮծ˸
̴ûм˹ȥ׾ذο˵:ްգӦø߸˵ĲŶԡ
ûޣΪ˲ģ̫ˡȻû˵ٻĸоʮָˣΪϣ
εգһһģһȻֿʼԸԵֵĴˣǲ˵ʧȥļ䣬ǱʶʵҲǼǵġ
ǲζţпָܻأ

ֻܿ棬κεԣڼĳԹȺҲ֪ʱڲԵ˶˵ЩʲôֻзóһκУȻŮж޵ĳ档
СãҲһܣҪɿζġ
СѳԱ֮󣬳Թϵ¸ӸˣĻһˣ
һʣʲôͷ
ʷ֮кǡʵĲٺˡ
ǰôܻϲ£ײ׹ʲô£õôżֱ֪ԭԹָоֵĻ˻Ҫż
Ҫ˵˵ĽչҲ̫һ㣬˻ȥõ壬򣬶ôķΧ߶ʮһ§סŮʽ˵ӶˣԸô
ԸãһͿŮͻȻչȥзһڡ
Ϊ֮ΨһĴˣԾҪ縺һ˵Σ⡰ٶˡһĻһʱߵС˵:ǸϽ۾СӲҪҪԺ󳤴˲ܿ
ŶܽͻСػԷס۾ֻ;ռϷ磬ǻ͵͵һ죬һգգؿĻ
ʦͻךG(/RQ/)
˳Թڼ￴ĿתģĻһ۵ˣ˿֪͵
ҪСô̫̫ɣʵߴζóֻǰˡ
Ժһһ죬ԼߺѺͻˣͰ¼ó
ǱߵȾٶ֮СѲƿס˴˫۵С֡
ˣǲӦøʦյˣܽͻȻ£˵žҪ绰ĹԱǰյ͹ȥ
סСŮ绰Ķ˵:ٵһȰɣǱߵãô͹ȥǴǵĶ𣿷ʮ㻹кüСʱҲһ
ؼʱҪ֪ڲﻹٿʲô̼ĳ棿
ܽһ˼˵ҲûеǷֻһ
ְ֮ϵһӱ࣬СѴĵһֻҪ뵽ܿͿԺԼְסһˣͺ޲ôӵ
ʮӣڼҵͬĹԱһյƳ˹ȥлո衪ףտ֣ףտ֡
տ֣
ʦտ֣
Сһ˷ܵ˵ŲõЦݡ
Ȼһǵ飬΢죬һʱúܿ죬ͨͨģ·ҪӺ˳ƽ飬ֿ⾪ϲһĻס͡
һʼΪӸ׼Сϲֻյ⣬ȴһγϵͣΪѾ뿪ʱֺһյ⡢ոˡ
ձһڣ˸ֱĻһĨЦ⣬ųȻĿ繣˵:ȻǸ׼յ⣬Ըɡ
áȻŻƵ֮£ΧԼߵļˣһ˵ůо
룬϶˵һꡣ
ĺӺͰ˶˻߻ˡ                        
ߣ*СһԲ󣬽½ڼҪҶˣСܽСѧճСܽĳճСܽĸճ_(:١)_ô˰

070


ܽҪСѧˡ
ҪһֱͬĻҲһġ
, λְҲæԼĺѡһѧУ
ָеһ, ͬԼıŮ:ãǾѡһѧУ, ѧУҽ, ְÿ춼ȥ㡣
һֻҪæ˾ʲôĿ, ͺΪ˴ȥ
Ȼ, ѡѧУؼһ, ѧУҵסȽԶ
ѾĶȥʡʵСѧôһŮͻǸСӴһѧУˣᣡ
Щͻ̺s.c.Ŀ˹ϵȷʵǱǰ, ֻ, ŮŮ, иͲܻΪһ̸
Ůиʲô, һʱҵҲְˡôȥ, ϸ׳Ҫʧˡ
˵ϸ, ص, ȴּģһ˶ûУӴ˶֪ȥʲôط
һͷˮ绰űŮıں֪, ԭǻܵ裬ҲԭļҽʦȻһաŮһ綼ڰŲóأֵļһҲһȥˣֻһ˹ڼҡ
ѾˡסȥŮ˵̸ҧһƻС˵:ССѧǸʱ꣬ǲ̫С˵㣿
Сñѧͱȱ磬ʱͬѧһضߡʹһСѧУ۸ô죿
˹ȥ뵽飬΢ĿؿԼĺһۣ˵:һ߳ƻȥû˵ķݡ
ϸڹڳȻյ飬ŮæҲȴûְֵġҲˣһԼ͵͵ܹȥ֣Ȼڷ綼û͸¶֪
Ů䣬ҴҸϹȥʱ򣬲Ǳ߻ѾҪˡ
һڼôķˣؼʱǵӡ
ͶԴ¸еʮΣϽƿߣװµؼƻ˵: 
ΪæŹȥԹϣԲ֪ͨڹ˾ӰĺѺ𣿣
ϣڴСûؼҺѾ̼֣ʾҲˡ
Ϊ飬һڣѶûʲôɫҪ˼ʮĽ飬ԼƤ¶Ҫȥqaq
أһҲ뿪СĹٶһʱء
ûд׵ĺѣʵ˵⣬ôܻû
ҲŮڵͻ̫СˣСѧͬѧ۸Сĺӡ
ֱСѧ£һʼԬ̺ģõİʦҲ˵úͻСѣ׶԰ı̫ͻȱСչ죬ҲǼҳӦÿǸӻһõѧϰ
ҲŮȥרŵĻһ̲ԣԶ׼רҵĽҲӻһõѧϰӴǺ£úӵӦõĵطЩҳӦÿǵ⡣
ͻѡѧУ࣬յѧһЩͬ˸ĺӣЩӵҲûô١ûͨСѧô
ǴѺ͵ȥģһ㣬ҲʹŮҲ˵û⡣
ܽŰְָѡѧУһ˵:ǰְ֣ҴӦСԺҪȥͬһѧУģҡҲȥʡʵСѧ˵ѧУмʮӣÿ꿪ʱѧУƯ
СˣҪһֱͬġ
֣ҧгݣôǻĶӣôƫƫҲ̲ͨԣҲզӡ
ܽ˰ְƺԥԼСԼһ˫ڰ׷תת:ְ֣ѡʡʵСѧòã
ŮŴŴСԥû룬ջǸı⣬˵:ǾģѡʡʵСѧ
ûŮصĸ׾ô˫ֻ꣬ҪŮһڣԼʲôҪ˭ҵСʹôɰܾأ
ʡʵСѧУsСѧȫп࣬ûô׿ԽȥÿȫоʮˣŻؾ׼ȻѾҪŮȥСѧǿ϶ҪȥõѧУõİ༶С
ղ֮ûٷŮȥʡʵСѧ飬ҲΪʡʵСѧҲsһǳõСѧѧһһʼҲѧУ񲻶
ΪҲܽ࣬ȥһͨ࣬ԼıŮһȥ˵ʲôͬġ
ˣŮϣͲȥƽҵĳСӣҪͬһѧУˡ
ԺܶһʶˣСŮ˵ԸӦҪ۸и԰æġ
ôĻСͬһСѧòҲûôܽܣ

ʱһعȥܽͻܵĹϵҲԽԽˡСҲ֣һеĳˣȥһͿ϶ҵõ
ܽ˸磬СܻأҲǸﱣء
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ЩС࣬ԻȻһĻŵòᣬûһˣǶһЩɫë
СѶһͷҷίͰ͵ؿԼĺѣ˵:ãǶ۸ҡ
ܽ͡һӵЦС֣Сͷ:ûµģΪϲģڻӭĵء 
л˵ﱣĺܶදΪ˺ٶЩǻĵһ͹ӭ϶ΪҪ۸ġ
һСƵԴǶܹԵġܽ˵
ְÿ¶һζﱣأܽÿιЩСþãҲǽԼĺѵ顣
ΪǲŻСصʱ򣬸һʢĻӭʽ
ڰܽȰ˵֮£Сԥ֣ȥֻһֱߵС
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