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İ
ةฮԵĴСˡ
ǰƼ޸õķǸˡ
鲻ֶϻʵ۱ȴñʧȥӡʧȥˡʧȥһУֱ
ǰΪʦֻֻ֣áֻֻΪûǹ⻷
ĳУԸΥʥּҲҪһ𡣡
飺ˣõķⱲӶǡ
ɴ򲻹ġ
ĳУ췴ɣҵĻʺɺã
飺ˣûǹ⻷һ׼
СҪ

ݱǩ ǿǿ   ˬ
ؼ֣ǣ飬  ǣ  
һ仰飺췴ֻ뱣 





1

ˣʱ
ةĵŮܾ谮ȻȴþĵķŻӶǡ
ΪϷĶ񶾽㣬ݺá÷а֮ˡ
ˡ
㾡аﶫǳΪʵ۵죬ΪǵĻʺʱĸ
Ȼȴڶǵĵ¡
ֻΪ˵ֻҪɱһ
ǣֿɱˡ
ھ޿ʱˡ
ңమʱ
ؿǰӵԼ뻳ˣһĻ̫Ϥ
ǰǵΪƻڶе󣬹Լˮݺˮ
ǡ·ĶǹȻûӵͷ
ǸʱɵɵΪ
ûһ
Żأ
ƿǡ
⧲һƵøʺ
ڳ˶οš
ҲѹֶǻˤӣһƿǴԹġ
Ǹһɻ󣬡ôˣ
ŮǹģŻӺŮʱǱʺϼͣݳŮлطˡ
Ը־˲ϵգȻŤͷߡ
ˡ
ĸǲ⡣
ߣĹⱲӿɲٸ쵽һˡ

ͻȻ䣬һʱû·ֱײ
۵Ŷͷ
ȴͻȻϴһЦ
̧ͷȥʱһƵϺȾƣϰӣ֦žƺõҵķʽȾơ
ƹϤˡ
꣬ȫ¶ջˮʱֻỤš
Цźʦ֡
ɻž飬ǰɴɫġ
˵ةŮȻ߹
ֻǽͣȴⱻٴʦУΪͽ
ɣΪٴʦͽСʦá
¿һֱ鵱ǳ衣
鿴⸱ĮȻףͻȻǰ˵ǰʮԼ
Լݺĺ󣬱ʱԼԶ⣬ġ
ǰΪ࣬ȴûܻرǸһĻᡣ
һΣԸѡһĴʦ֡
ңϸĥţǰ뽫˼ֻʱԵתøҵ³
ȻһΣôҪѡ
ǵ磬ʦôȥǰԺ͵Ⱦƣգգ۾
ͻȻͷ۾ôˣ
ȿȣûû¡
ˣǸ֮ˡ
ǲôһһҪ޸
һΣѡ
¡ͻȻ֣˵飬Ȼûղŵľٶҵþ㣬۸Сˣ򣬱Ҳͬꡣ

һȦѾ߿
ȷûнд֣
ǰϲ
ѵΪղûݺģ鷢չĹ켣ˣʱϲ
ʷԸı䣬ΪλҪȥǶģ
ҲԶ˵Ǻõġ
ǰΪ˵ϻʺ֮λΪ˰ǵǻ˺ܶ£
һΣһӱãҲǣ͢У˵õġ
ȥıӰ˴𰸡
ط任һѣ׺ܿǰȥˣΪҵճŮȻǰȥ硣
С㣬ū澸ū˸СϲˡһԵѾΨΨŵŵ˫Ρ
ϳԼǰֻǰԼΪݺʱҧһڣѰƳȥ
ѱˣΪ˾ĶԸһ
һٹˣҲٸ˶ԸĻˡ
һЦ˵û£ΪҴҲһ
һ㶣ЩԾؿž飬ͷæΪΡ
ž飬СʵС㣬ΪνҹǰЩͬ
ﲻͬЦȻ
Цū澾Сƺǰˡ
ͻȻͣ˽Ųתס֣˵СңȴĮͬپ𣬿ɺã
ū澲ҵЩ£мᶨ˵Сģūһú÷Сġ
˵ͷ
ǲҪ̵öãֻҪһĵ߾С
ΪҵճŮةˣ߶Ƿеˣ߲ˣȫ侮ʯˡ
һҪƽȰֵĻȥĬĬΪƽӹ
ֻҪں˰ãá

2

صϡ
ة˾ǵٳ϶ǰȻҲûµĵ
߳죬ǻЦ
䣬Ů겻ǳԽˮˡʸϣĿƱ߻ϵľ顣
ʱԵĶҲͶ˰Ľ
вǰʱ򣬵ҪǲĳֹɲöͬöȢ
˻飬Ȣ㣬ҲþĳΪµЦ
һ鲻Ըٸκǣˡ
лϿޣСŮһֱǳͷ⣬ֵ䣬ҲΪѰһš
ڴʱװ˭֪һˤȥ
æ۾ɣܱټ޸Ǻá
һ̣һ˫§ס̧ͷʱߡ
һЦ
ЩɻüǰλСƺǰͬǰɲĽӣһЦ
ֺܿ죬Ҳվ˾ǵ
˿ٴʦĵžǡ
ǣϣȻ٣ȴзǳ˵ĵʶŻǳſ͡
ȻǱãӢꡣֻǣةſŮɣ
ʴþɫ˼
ȻλȨصة࣬ǻµľǳȨأ˷ȨͷȻҲŮǣǾҵճŮ顣
ʹἰһ£˾ҵճŮ޸ǵ˼
ڶةһҪ磬ǲöӭȢŮΪ׵ġ
ϹȻ㣬ʵٴʦ̶СŮĻ£ճų磬һȥΪСŮͻ顣
գ¶졣
һ֣Ȳʡεž顣
ɫݣ֪˴££ﵣĶǵȻҪĵڸָô죿
˵ޣԶǵ˼Բ׷Ź
ԣӲѼ޸ǵˡ
ճ˹ϲةٹϲةӢµŮˣ
һ˸Ÿ͹ϲǣҲϲĻ¡
ֻоȫ̿ЦĶףҲܻ顣
Ŀ⿴ֻһƳպͬʱ̧ͷԣ񽻴ƺоûôԼˡ
󸸻ջس
ͻȻǰ򶫻ʣͬҴСͶϣ󸸻ջس
һڣҲöʵɫ
ʵһŭ˾֡
ս˾ƱĿؿ򶫳ǣ˵˶ͬСлԼ˵ʲôҴСͶϣӣҪʲô£
ҧгݵʣһֱһķȢҪƶȢĶҪǱ޸ڸͷ⡣
˶ΪӣȻ˵˻˵ĻΪƣͻȻĿ⿴˾飬ʵ飬㣬Ը޸޴͸׮£
ɫԴŭŵæ¡
ŸȻٲԸһҲôȥ
ǰʱ޷Ҫ޸ǣŭϣԺ·ŸߣһҪԼ
˫ڳսᶨ˵ŮԸ޸
һǶԾؿ˵һԵ
Сϲǣ˶ΪֻϲǵݣҪ޸ˣԸ⡣
ʵҲֻһˡ
㲻˵ϲ𣿡ǲĵؼʵ㲻˵Ҳ𣿡
סڣ
ʴŭоƱݺݵ򶫳ǡ
˷׷¹˭Ҳ̧ͷ
Ψжˣ۶ž顣
ɫɴݣŹǵģҲҲϲϲ̫ҲвȨ
ǰǳ죬ɵ󣬲Ҳɫˣ
Բȥ
˰ּ⣬Ӷ²죬ʼ棬޵¡
ŭ˦ع˹͡
һʱľļ˵ܾˣطȥɣ
ǣ
ػҲȻһ
һǵ˶ˡ
뱨˭Ҳ˭Ҳǡ
ǰ˵öԣǽöǿˣϲǣΪ˶ǸһУϧһд۰ǻǵͷҪɱ
ϲ߻Ӷ𣬿ǵΪ˱סĻλòӭȢŮӣؾ綾ߵĻᶼûС
һ췴ֻ
С㡫
һлþ˼˹
̧ͷһȻվţڵ

3

ʾȥһԴţֻ˵ʱ򣬾ʵʦк£
תʵΪʲôҪӦ£
ʦ־ֻ
飬㾿ʲôϷ붫Ͷϣңϲҡ
ϲ㣡
ͻȻĻ
ƾˣɻٴʵ˵ʲô
ٴ˵ʦ֣ϲ㣬ϲǣ֪ҴˣǶΪ̰ݲҪʵǡ
ҲϲǣΪΪã֪ڶǵﲢңֻϲȨ
תۿ۾ǰһĻĻÿһػϲһ磬˼֪
ǰΪһʱĻδоůǴϵ䵽ϵĹѪҺȴʹġ
֪롣
ڼװϷôݵ޷죬òš
ΪʲôͻȻϲңҲһӣȸٻҲ֮λҾһһǴˡ
㲻һǴ
Ử䣬ôһǴأ
֮ӣʵǻ¸ġ
ǣǰΪػĺ
ǰΪ˳ȫʺ֮Σˣܾơ
ǰΪ˾һڵо¡
ʱ򣬶Ǽȣȥʱֻ
ʦ֣ôãôһǴأ
ͻȻתȥ˵ǲ³Կ࣬ޣޣ
ͻȻܶȥ
ıӰɵЦԸȢ
Ƕǻ׷Ź
Цݽʧ
һ׮£һϲҳ
ΪöģּĻͬһУֻȢǾģ޵
¾׿ɲˣúõŮʺƫƫΪ϶Ծҵģôһӡ
ǼҾǳ˼Σ޷ıʥּ
鵹һҲ⣬ɲʲôӣʵݿ֮ӣֻǶʵһҪľˡ
ľͲʲôݣܼ޸Զģٸ˲ˡ
ͻһºǶԾĹˣҲΪ˵ǷȻ
ȻǰζһǱǸģǺ棬Ҳ˵˵ЦЦġ
ģ˵ĸҲ˽չ˵ڣҲġ
ɫƻ裬ȥºСƣƿ˴ķ羰
ɫˣҾȻȥˡ
ôҪߣЩ˵ؿ
һЦ𣿡
ãſ죬ⵣ
ǰһշΪ򱱴󽫾ǰˮѹĴ
ȻȫʤΪһߣǺü¡
ž鲻ĵӣЩΣֻ˵ԣ֮ǰǲܼģȻ᲻ġ
˴һ£ŻڽҲ¸³ˡ
һ죬˵ðɣǵһҪҡ
ã
ͷӦ
ȻͻˣŮбûг֮ǰһܹ鲻ã书ǿҪű˳ةฮҲʲô¡
ɿ
뵽Ҳһ㡣
ոշɳةฮȴͻȻͣŵӰӡ
ˣ
תһȭȥݺˣܺһæ֡
ô㣿üʵ
ֻһȣ湫ӣɫһ
ǳŮɫķ书ʲôʱʼȻҳ󶼲֪ˣ˴Ȥ˵Ҹջس˵Ļ£ʱ㲻ֵ˽ˣĻϲҶˡ
ĿϬ˵𣬱ҵŮˡ
ŮˣôͳŮˣЦ˵ǲ˾ǶǵŮˣôתϲأǵֶ㻹ûʶֻھϡ
۲ˮʱҲ࣬ƭ֣һҲˡ
ֵܣҲؿԽԽ
ðɱ⡣
Ǿģµ𣿡
һ仰ö侲

4

ǸǿǿŮˣ̽ةฮʱıة˺;۸ʱ򣬾۵׵ľǿޣͬܡ
ͬΪӣһֱó裬ȴŸеĳ谮ġ
ˡ
ԽԽǻụ
ԼԾ£ĺøвὭɽҪˡ
Ҳһԡ
˵գȥ
ةฮ˼
Ը鲻ƭ
գԺҵȣûп۾¶ʧ䡣
˭ҵĹӣȴһԺﰧˣ
̧ͷһЦæܵǰ˵һΪ첻ˡ
һ㶣û뵽Ȼһֱڵ
ڵң
šͷ˵ߵʱ˵㿴Ҹ׼ôóԵأģ쳢òóԡ
˵ţ߹ȥŪϵĳʳ
˵Сʳһˣ˲֪ٱ飬ȲѾȥˣ˾ͲóˣʣµĶʳ

ţ
Ը޸𣿡
ɻתһЦٴ˵ҾԸ޸ʦΪޡ
ͻȻһѽ鱧ڻýģȢ㡣
š
Ļϲؿؿڣܿģһôֿɼ֮ң
˺ߣᣬȻǵ뿪
Ժÿ춼͵͵ةฮ鿪ĵһü϶ǴЦġ
ֻϣһжͬԸ׺Զġ
գ߶ˣûǰ־ˣȻһƽӡ
Ȱ˵ԶһЩ
ܹһʱ㲻һ
ĵһ˾Ǿģ̶꣬ѹ꣬﷢Ҫɱ۸ˣһҲǡ
׺һ֮ײܣ鵣ţʱȥģ̸ˡ
ŮԴöȻûоĺãסƫԺƣƮܾ˵ɫܾ˾׵ѹ
ʵ鱾޳Թûпɱԡ
ǰľ̫ʾˣΪһ͸Ե֪ôϲǣôʾġ
ǰŻԸģǰѹ
˵öԣǲֵô
ϧڲ׹ЩֿɵõҸҪϧЩ֮õע㡣
ЩȥǺ̸ĵһ
ǰԹ̫ѣйϸ𣬿ǣҲٸĵˡ
ߵ⣬Ϳһλɫ׵Ĺ￿Ȼ£ټ򵥣ȴɿԿģӡ
ĵױǿϺ󣬳һʱգþ׼ʣˡ
СʱֻǾþĮˣּʾǶδŵ
ֱĺףǽ֮ĶԹſʼ˰ʱȴǾ
˵Ц
ǶÿνһԾ¡
ɫ׵ͻȻȥæȥ
һ̣ƳͻȻתһƴ
⧲ڵأæ
ֻоĿһʹǰľĲ֪˸ʲôʦѧ˸书ȻһƲȴ㹻ʹһˡ
ڻں
˵ǱǸûǽС˽һ¡
Сģ
鲻̾ⲻСĿҪ
Ϊ˴֣黹ݴЦ˵ûϵҲϣûҲŶ֡
˵ţʾϳʳ
һƲ֣˵С㣬ҿСǹġ
񡣡
鶼ˣȻҲٶ졣
һƳϵĳʳЦ˵ôĸͳʳ𣿡
˶Ц˵Ϳûȥ
գ񽻴䣬˵ĵ븴ӡ
ת£˳ʳĳԽԽˣѹֶԸּھܻҲҪȢΪޡ
ĺ⡣
ʵĴСףҲùֻвһţŵ¶ĶȥתͶĻ
Ϊõ˶Ǿ͵õһУŷ֣ǶˣһֻɽĻ쵰
壬߱߱ĸ߱߱ܣһСˡ
ǽõ궼ˡ

5

鵭£˵ô˵ѶȥҲ͹ȥˣӻġ
ǲҪˣ
˿žῴÿΪСװͬ顣
֮ǰҲ˶ǵģһ˷Ŀ
͸ˣҲ˶ʲôˡ
ǶΪҸΪ뵱Ƕʵֲֹһˣһʳǵһ˵ɫةճŮݣֺαֻжһˣ
ҲϲӣСһ𳤴ôῴ˼Ц˵ϲһˣֱȥǣαʹʲôֶģ
Ҳֻ͸˶ǵʵףϲֱȥ
ֻдʦ֣޹أ벻š
˵գȥ
Ȼո߳ĵԺӣͶ˶ǵŵûˤһӡ
ǲǱ
ôͷųˣ
鶨˶æ˵ӣôˣ
ͻȻֺݺݵס˾ĲӣƵֱֱǽϣá
ӲҪ˺ҼС㡣գæ¹
Ȼֻðŭž飬ˣΪ㱻ʽ㣬Ϊ㲻ϧΥʥּȻұѱӣ
粻𣿡ƿȴв
ǵͻȻ֣˵ӵҪô˵
ŲӿԶǵӣҪ֪ԼҪߣֻŪ
תɫᣬί˵Ϊ˶磬ִҪͻ飬뿴ŶΪϡ
ɱӿ㵹ʵ޸
ѵ绹ֻж磬С޵Ҳֻж磬Ӧ޸»ϲ׷Ź硫
˵ţĨĨᡣ
ǿģҲԽ
Ƕˡ§ס˾飬˵Ҳ֪ΪԸڻ飬ΥʥּǲվڱӾӵҲῪġ
ϧ󣬶ӵ£Ҳӵ¼е֡
ÿÿ뵽Ƕĵ뵽Լίȫöġ
ģǼ޸ɣǱӾСӣĥθ
ɣ鼱æ˵粻˺
ǲõʵôĪСӵ飿
Ц˵һôȢأֻǵĻϸմͻ飬£һỳɵͷϵģһúúõػţСӶһʱհɣҲԼġ
תΪϲ϶ǸСǲðģڻ󡫡
Ҫɴҵٲ˲ţС书ǿñҲΪ£Ƕ绢
ȵ֮ٳʱȻ赻صǸã
˵ţͷ῿ڶǵĻ˵ѽǧúúСӡ
˵治ǱӵִǱӾСһˡֻǿϧίһӣﱾӺƭСӡ
Ϊ˶磬ʲôίܡ
Ϊ˴ʦ֣ʲôίܣӭ϶ǡ
ţ۽̲ס
ʧǵ߻᷿䣬ֻ˵֮Ҳôʦ֪
Сģūһؿƿ
ʾȥһ˴
ڴǰһֱôȥҲǰ취ǲŹģ˴ʦ֡
ʦ֣
ͻȻԺ˵æ˳ȥ
ʦ֡ԽԽǿĮݣʱЩʦ֣ôˣ
ôһĲˣ
ֻĮؿ˵СȻıݼҶƭȥˣôһƺӣ
ѵղ㶼ˣԾš
Ц˵:һֲһֲ䣬ֻǾСˣŵ;ĶӴ£
ġæסͣȴ˦æ˵ʦ֣Ҹղƭǵģ˵Ҫɱ㣬Һ£ң֮ǰĹϵܷŹҵģֻʱסЩģ㲻Ҫš

6

С㣬˵ĻҲ֪òˡ
ģϲģҶԶǲǼίȫʦ֣һҪҡ
ٴסͣȴݺݵƿ˵飬ҿ㣬ʦҲ㣬ʦһֱ˵㱾ԲŮˣͻ˹ⳡϷˡҲȥˡ
ʱ˿̣ԼһЦ
ةฮǧСôῴأ
Ȼ쿪Ϊϲ
ôܣ
֪п˵ҲãһֱǸصܻţעⱲ޷ѣǣ
ڵǶˡ
ﾹȻһظĸо
ģġ
˵꣬תݶȥ
ʦ֣ҽ͡
鲻书ֻƴܳȥ׷ȥ͡
ͻȻĻʹٲ
ԡ
òټòѡ񣬺òܸһôþ
ϡǵǰоǴĶӣһ˸˵ӪЩ˿µӡ
ƴӣǵȴŪһֻг޷ѣǴЦţΧףּ̤ʱͻȻ־
ϧվѲڣʱȻ˵¡ʱѪ˫ҲǳѪĺ죬ôܵΨһů
Ҫϲˣ㡭ϲҡòãһЦݣһ
˵һá֪ûֻǿûϢܵ彥û¶ȡ
һΣҲҪֿˡ
ȻһΣΪʲôǻҪ
ʦ֣
ƵܳȥѰԺûӰܳȥѰ
һ·϶ˣҴֻ֣ƴţһ㡣
⧲ˤһӡ
С㡫æʵСôˣʲôū澰Ұ
ҲҲˡ˵š

ͻȻͣͷʱֻһŻׯķվǰۣϺ쳤治Цһģ
סæ
ܷŭΪҴС㣬Ҫʱʱ̿עԼоֹôģѵ̵㲻С󵽴ܣ
ҪҪһˣӦ
ҹ͸ڹ뷿ţ˰Сط
ܷþ鲻þֻܾùԹԻطͷȥ͡
鲻书ûа취һةฮɣΨһľվڴǰܣ治ˡ
ڵȱӣ
Ǹ̤뷿䣬Ϳվڴǰڵʲôˡ
ĮȻͷ򶫳˵μӡ
ô裿Ƿ˾飬ʶջ֣ôˣƺ˲٣ҲЩ
лӵģҲڽöЩҲЩ
ڵĶȢģͷ˵ɵѾͷӲκǣˣԼҲصģʱ֪ˡ
š˵Щʲô鲢ûȥֻθͲԼ
ǻڽڼ䣬һҲ͵ܳģҲֻǴҴҿˡ
ԺУƣͻȻһĨɫӰæ˹ȥ
ֻһɷǵİվ޳Ǳá
ʦӰݼʦæ
ǾʦٴʦȻ꣬Ѿ䣬Ī⡣
һҩʯҽ̫ҽ޲ߣȻةฮͻȻһλĪĴʦֻɰھһ㣬龹Ȼ漣ĺˡ
λʦٴʦ
ǾͰٴʦ£ҲΪʦá
ٴʦӰȥ٣Ҳֻ棬һǴ󲡳һٴʦةฮΪةฮſͣξǽա
֪ʦһǰΪ£
ӿɻǣ
ѵʦҲ֪Щ£
˵ʦӶԶѾû룬ֻһһ޸ʦ֡
ٴʦʵϲ
ʦγԣЩɻ
ûԵ֣Ҳ
ô᣿˵ʦϲʦ֣ҡ
ôܲϲ

7

Ϊʦһףͬоǰһ޷ͷ
ͷЦ˵ֿһҲסΣ޷ͷˣʦֻʦƽȹ
飬ǵˣȴڣ˵ˣȴӲڡٴʦ̾Ϣ·
лʦȫ
æתȥ
һγţûдһֻǰ
޲ˣֻһһСںƮ
Ŀһˡ
ĴţڰãпһСݣľţæͣȥСڡ
ʦ֣ʦĶ
һţһĴûˣʱںԺ
ʦ֡黶ϲȥӽתȴͣ£æս
㲻Ҫˣ
ʦ֣һΪҲˡţе
ΪҲˣҲ˵ˡ
һ㶣Щ۾ʱ˿̵ģ˵Ļһѵݺݵزؿϣ֪׾һʲôˡ
̺ſ˵ҵʲô
˵һԲ֪첻˵ЩʦһҪң޸Ϊ޵ģ¶ӻ˺㣬ԲŹ˵Щƭӵģʦǲţھȥҵ˵Ҳ޴ʦˡ
˵ţתҪȥͻȻץס֣ʵҵֻΪ˸˵
š
ػȥˣ㡣ʵӾǰһˡ
֪Լ᲻Ŵˣǿޣġ
˵ʵʦ֣Ըң
ž۾ۿ죬˸ᣬȥᣬȥɣһҳ̫ö㲻ãةҲżˡ
Ļżʵʦ֣ǲǻûԭңߣ
ҵ˼ǻճС
գ˵ص˵ͷãͻȥ׼
ݴЦֱߺŽʧ
㵱ҪȢ
ͻȻʱĮɫֻ˵Ҳұ֤ƽشةฮ

ҲǻڽϽ˶ԶǵĽ㣬ǶةฮˣÿһȴҾġ
һֻ۱һֻۣܷǸ˵òòˡ
ȻʹȴǾ飬Цӭ϶ǣһıŴθ˼ġ
֪췴ֻݣ˵вŲԡ
ǰ̫ܵΨһһ׷ҲǾϣߣǵʱ붫ǵ鰮Уܾ
һΣһҪȫ֮߰
ǵãǰٴʦʱ˻֪ݣһʱˣϵѪ棬ݱ¶
ǵıѪʱͻᷢ⣬Ѫ
ϡǵãʱǻܷȥɱȴķɱܻҪɱȣŵº淢¡
ûҲǵ˲ҵϣҲͿԼңڣ
Ķ
£񣿡ʵ
ʱŴ˼ѹ
ô˽նةฮˣֻŶǵ԰䣬һ
ʧˡ
ǻڵĻ£ͻȻס֣ѣȴֵıɡ
ֻЦҡͷ˵Ҫóˣ˷顣
װԴģû֣תȥö࿴һۡ
ЦԭڳԴס
ʱǡն˲ˮ͸˾һ
Ȼ鿴£ȴǺ⣿
ͻȻ䣬Ѳ豭ˮֱӽ˶ǣæŻŵعڵ˵ū澸ū澸
æѡ
Ѿƽ»ôվ˻ţʧƵģǶŭţֻΪǾˣԶǲŶ˼ֺɫ
Ҳʵƽ¿ɲĲվô£
ո꣬ʱһ仰ʶ
ٿؼǰܷ֧ƻĵĻ£˻ٵĵףȻԼǰةฮնǰȥ׽顣
ȻĴŭҪɱܷɱģ֪Ļ䣬ɱֱɱ
ı͸Թһ¸ǳ׽˳һѽҪɱҺʱ־
Ҳʹ˱¶ˡ
Уһ˺κˣñݡ

8

ضӣСĻū澷·СԺʱ
æü˵ȥɣ
ɻˣ˵˵
ū澼Сķ䣬¹شūҲ֪Ǻá
ˣ
Ǵŭǰĵķ䡣
æڶæ˵侲һ£ѾͷˣʲôСèСˣαͷǰһǣǲǻỵ˶֮Ĺϵ
Ǹ˽ˣ֪ƣ±ôӲܣ㲻ٻˡûлͷֻǾֱĵԺӡ
˭֮£ֻ
磬ڻڽٳʲô£ǡá
黰£Ѿ˾ĵԺӣһ߿š
ֻһӰӴӹ̷ǰȥ˽֣ȭż䶫ǰߡ
󣬶ǿڣֻı˫ۣڴϣȴǹӣֻһϯڵӣض
޵Ļ棬ҵĳ棬ʱö۾ðŭ
ˣŭ
⶯˾ģԺ۾ǰˣֵͷ˿Լӣʱ󾪡
⣬ôһ£
ֻǵҹطͻȻ͸оһԺ/˽һЦֱֱƽ
ҹĲ࣬һΡ
˫ץסͷţΪʲô
ˣ㻹ʱô£ͻȻγ彣ֱָģ˵ģԭӻ飬û뵽㾹ȻһظˮŮˣǱӿˣϧ
գæ˾ĵǰס˶ǵĽ粻ҪһǱƵģ粻Ҫɱá
Ȼ֪˭ɵģȴ˵ҴҲйϸҪֻʱ䲻ԣֹס
ľѳۣΨһľǾԹ
һװ
βܻ⣿
㲻ҪٻˣֵΪ飡
ŶǵĻͻȻЦţŶǣ˵硫ӣ㿴ˣҿˣ˵ҪҰңЩȴݣҪʱȴԹۣǸˣ鰮Ҵˣ
Сһ𳤴Ҳ֪Լ붫ǶףҲй㺣Ǻױ˸ˣ󶫳Ϊױ
ʱ͸һˣϧڴû뵽鹴ǣǾ͵һȥˡ
ʧȥףةฮ޿˻٣ǷǵοһһˣҪɱ
ǺǣǿЦ
ǣ飬ӽҾͬǶ˳𲻱ҾĲΪˣ
ҧг˵ţͻȻץǣæھǰһĳûűӷɳ˴⡣
ˣ»ǸǰһָĽˣպֵöһĵزˡ
û°ɣæʵ
ҡҡͷ
ȴͻȻ˵㲻ΪĵˣҲ֪ة븸ʵģ׮¾ʹգةฮպҲݲˡ
粻ҪæȰֱӸ߻ˣ᲻ţ
תһ룬ĬƬ̣ſ˵ʻΪǱӰŵģݺģԴѻ¡
Զ˵ȥˣΣҲȢãʱҲãһɣ
ľļ򣬾ֻܿЦ
˲򵥣㻹׽Ϊ˵ţͻȻ̯ľȻ񣬡ǱӴӸղճģȻϣ¶أӼһαסˣҹĲ˾
ܣ
һڷ񶨡
ô
ӹһȻ񣬿ôϵģ
Ѿ벻ˣֻǵö˵һ仰ҹĲ˾
磬£⣬ٳҲ١
ǵҲãֻǧҪСģĸǼйϸǽһºҲֶͬԸҡ
šĵӦԴȴȫǺ˾ǲ

9

ҴææϵȻС
һս˹ʵôˣ
ֻǰ˳ʵģ
һһ˲˾ɫתƽɫʵţǰղ֪ʧںδģ
Ǳá񻹸˵Ȼ´οɱŪˣ´βһܱҼˡ
šӹ˼
鿴ӹ˼ӣ˵ʦ֣ü£봩ʦֿ
Ǿǵһˣʲôÿ
һ
ž˵ãҶȥġ
գתȥ
겻ػصةฮ̤Ժӣ˹
ɫ˵ȥ˶Ŵʦ֡
һӵʣֻ˵ǡ
ȵȡҪʱͻȻס˵ʦ书ǿһЩȥشмֵϢ²׼κˣ
ǣ
ȻǾǵǲжŻǲǿٴʦϣةฮġ
ҪԺСǲܵģҲΪͬһ²֪ģһֱںԺôʶ
վǵϣҪģһйϵġ
ЩģںڱʲôϸҹҩǸ˾ǲ
һΣˡ
ԸһḺ
鰲źôº󣬱ߵ˻ܷԺӡ
ܷڷУ廨ȴʱʱϵ˱
ǹ֮ŮòҲһı£ֻΪǿһЩԾǲŻ¥ŮӣҲǾĵ
ϧǶܷ
Ǹˣȴһ÷ةλãŷһֶΣȻҲͲ̫ںŮ˽飬Ҳ͹˲Ͼġ
ܷ϶Ļᵲ˾·ԳҲŹ
밲
ܷž飬˵Ůôˣ
ŮТѵﶼ
İɣܷһƳ˼еߣ̾˵ôˣΪαѶϣˣ
ŮֻǾѾûзĻˣҲٸϾɱ
Ϳܷ˵ϸµĻԼûжϣͻᰭӣСӣһҲȢةǧ𣬼ֱǳ˵Σ
ʦʦĴӣ㲻ҲʦǸĵҲȥġæ¹˵Ůȫ
㲻ϲôֿСˣܷ̾ŮûгϢּ˵ǾԲͬ׮µģôͲףбҲֻһοͣ˵˾ǳӣǵǻǻʵۣˣ
Լȥú÷ʡ
黹ǻ˷䣬̾Լȸı䲻ĽҲ޷Ȱ׷¶Թ
ͻȻ䣬˱Ӵ򷭵תͷһֵؿССģ
գ鼱æתȴһý龪֮࣬ͻȻ֣һѽý֡
˰д̿ͣæܳȥˡ
鶨˶񣬱㿴˻˴Ǻ˲ߣһֱҪɱ飬˾ô
Ȼ棬ֻɱ˵Ŀ⣬֪ǾģοǰѾôһˡ
ǰȷʵǺڣûôԾģҪˣԲĹġ
ʱˣŴ
ۿžƿ˶һʱȻǰ
ҪһþƿһֱӴ

æ
ʱةฮҲϵˣæžķݶȥ
ղΪʲôҪôȻ
˵ղΪʲôҪô
ΪʲôҲ˭ֻ֪ˡ
ʦ֣û뵽ӲˣֻһΣҺøˣΪҡˡ㡭
ʧȥʶֻڶֱ߽֣Ҳˡ

ѣ
߲ͣڽԺ۾ȴԼ˷ﶼߣдѾš

10

̫ˣСˡ
ϲة࣬Сް
ߴ޿̧ſҲ䣬ǳȥͿܷͣһֱߡ

˾ͺã˾ͺðܷ񼤶˵ţĨĨᡣ
֣΢Ц˵Ů㵣ˡ
ɵӣͷ⣬ԺúúñԼȻҪˡ
š
Ѻ뻪ܷ񼸾ů󣬻ܷҲЩˣȥЪϢˡ
վ׵˵Լȥ衣
󣬷ֻʣˣֵǾʦ֣վԼǰԼȴûһ㲨
Ϊ˵һƺǰĵ飬ﵹ̹һЩ
Ƿ˵ġ
Ҫһ˵Ӻ󡣡
ֻ仰˵ѵͲһĻж֮Ĺϵ
Ҳ֪֮便ʲôϵֻ֪ǰʱҲֻ֪ھĳµʱ໤
ѵ̹Ϊ
ǰľֻ֪ڶߣֻˣӲ£һĽԹĶԸްǾ鲻κ˺ס
һΪҲþлԻܷ֡
밲ȵػţ۸
ߵߣס֣˵Ժ󲻻ˣպֻҪվá
黺̾Ϣֻ˵ʦ֣һ¡
ֻ˵ҪʲôҶΪõġ
Ҫڲ䡣ÿĿ⿴˵ʦ֣֪֪߰㲻Ը̤;㣬ҳ׺ߺԶ볯ãȴ
鵭Ȼüȴ΢ֻ̣á
տ˾һϾδףҲҾֻǳةฮʱɫת߻ӵĸۡ
ո̤鷿Ƕ֣ȴͣʲһ˿Ц
˽֪߻ӶĮ飬ֲܳ裬ʮһ㱻ʸȥر߽
ȻӲԽѹԽǷǰ
ʱ䣬սɳرŷɥѾǶʿĻˡ
ҲΪˣΪ˶ʵж
νĸʵĿֻ֪ȥȥͻ֮ء
һˣԳ˲֮׽Į˽־͸оˡ
һȻᷢɵЦ
ʵأ
ͻȻѣƺЩõüˡ
ǿ˷ҵݣ֪жأʮֲá
ǰͻȻҪȥةฮСģԸ⣬˭ֵأ
֮£ȥʦةฮΪǵȴ룬ǻĲŻΪةฮұۡ
£
ԸȦӣװĽ;ӣ볯á
ȴ
ģ¼ʶ˲࣬˸ʣҲʣȥˡ
ÿŶ𣬲⸱ν̬ȡ
̫ˡ
ʱһλ˿˽ֶõĵķڶǰĿ顣
Ȼȴһδֻīµ֡
ŮܣǱ߽һŮӣǵоĽʿҽʮ˵á
һڶսа˶𣬱תͶ£ΪһŮʵȴ֮һ
ѽĸūŸ߻ӵ£ܶŶϵ˷ʣƺҪ˶˸̻ˡ
ң
㣿һĳԾɻ
һƳҸ첲޷Ҳһ첲
ǡָһ¶ϵҧۺץۣʵ⡭Ҳҧģ
գ𵭶һѣڵסҧۡ
ǰسǣȥةฮֻϺıЩʲôıȴײة۸ģǵһ֪ôȻ˾ģϲϴŵľǿϲִŵ۾
ǣ˰бģ棬ݽ书ȻĻڡ
ǰбؽةฮΪ˾ǵ͸㱣ˡ
ֻû뵽ةֶ˱ӣȻҩ˻ٵףżشةฮɱЩˣʱ
ҩľȴӭҲǸˣоô꣬߳ʿûбŮˣô˹ȴ
ȴ뱻Ŷ׽飬֮ʲСİˡ

11

˵һֻСҰèץ˵ģ߻ӣⱩӲʺè
Ҳ˵轣ҲʺةฮĻ
ҵ£޹أٸȦӣ˵ֻ㣬Ļڡ
㻹ҪȢЩɫ
˵ǲȢ飬θ㸸ʽҪνӻСҰè
ʲôˣͻȻˣæʹȥ
𵭶ʵΣ
ܵһһ
޷
޷ʵԽν̬ȡ
⸮ۡ˶ţÿһӶҪ׷飬ҪӣȻ֡
㵹޷˷ҵĹϵǱ¶ˣ˵գν׷ȥ
һƳıӰҡͷôĶǲʿ׷Σ
˵ӣ϶ףһЩҲӦõģµ겻Ҳ˹𣿡
գ˱ʣ˼˵ǰҺҲͬΪԷԲųΪֵܡ

ةฮԺڣŵĲ豭΢΢һˮ廨ȹϣæ־Ҳ˵˵ȥ
ֻ˻ȥ˵幫˵˵
˵ʲô
˵ǲȢС㣬ûа취ԻϽ˵ʲôȢС㣬߻ӾͽӲèʲôСҰèּʵС㣬ȥֻһŻģ˶ˣǷҪټ幫ӣ
ˡ̾˱ӡ
Ȼ붫֮䲻򵥡
ǰҲƹ֪⣬ǲûа취ġ
ܹ£ֻԸԸԸںˡ
һ󣬾Ϊ˾ةฮľǿҧȥĻ˺˸ۡ
ǰһ֪һڱﻮɱͻܷ
ֻ׺ԶЩԹڰбá
ֻ鷳Ƕǣ֪˭ĵĳŴ龩ǣǶǣǻܷ񣬵˭þĵɨء
ȻȴھУֻҧӦǾ֪ǲľӭȢĵġ
Ϊ˴£ǲΥֽĽ˻ȻǲӦǱǿѺˣֱղŰų
ֻҪ˽˻ңʣµĶǻʼҵˣةฮ޹ء
һϻ£һĲŻԽ鷿£ǾΪá
ڻܷȻԾĻ²ǱϾǻϵּ⣬ȻҲ޿κΣǻܷ˾ĵϡ
ֻǾıϾҪ޻ʼҵˣҲˣܷĳԴö۸
ĵҲˣʵ鲻ףʱľӦѾѧ书ΪʲôҪ͡
ʱ򣬹ȵͱǿµơ
룬Ǿȥ̸̸һ̸ͣôӭս
һΣһȥģʷ꣬ĵﲻͣ©꣬ŪþЩΡ
Ҳѹ־ĻܷᷴȷʵһЩ
ߣ㻹ңۿ
ֻȻ£ȻǾĿһ㣬ģҶˣҽձѻҲ˵Щ
Ҳϲӣֻ޸ʦְȹգ㲻ңҲȥ㡣
£֪޷ֲպһֵģ֣ҲֹҾʹ̸Ϳɺã
̸ͣͻȻЦݺݵصž飬飬˵úףɱٵҵף㻹˵̸ͣ
˵ȷʵû
̾ĶԹȷʵ޷Ȱ裬Ҿ֮ǰʹ㣬ҲδϹãȷʵЩǻ²ΪңҲǻ¡
Ǻǣ飬ڸ˵Ц𣿡ͻȻ۾ðɱһֺݺݵס˾ĲӣҲҩ㳢˼̤ζ̸Ϳɺð㣿
ȿȣ㲻Ҫҹһ˲ˣǣʦ
оԼҪϢ
ĻҪ
˾Ļ˼ɿ֣ʵ˵ʲôʦ
书һ˽̵İɣǸһֱĬĬر㣬ҹҲ㣬ȴһһֱϲ㡣
ǰߵظĶ֪Щ¡

12

˭
Ҳܸ˭ɲƻǰĹ켣һжıԽԽƲ˾棬´ٳֵʱԼǸã
£Ц˵ˣҲûгֹ
žģͻȻЩͬһУƫƫһУ鰮ϧȴΪ˱סλòӭȢˡ
һˣȻԸΪλǾĲԸ⣬οǰо綾ѾûмջͷˣΪ˶Զߡ
̣һõˣ߰ɣ
ǰǾ£మʱղ࣬һϧԷҲ޺
˵꣬ƶӣϽߣΣա
顣ͻȻסֻͣļ˵ҴӦ̸͡
գһ
Ľ˵һɱΪﱨ𣡡
ֻһ̾뿪
ڼ̸ͣҲˣҲǴˣҲһ
ʦ֣㿴¿ɺÿ
˵ţźɫǰתȦ
ţǾǵһˣȻÿĲɵ˵š
鲻֪ʲôۿŴ£ʲôǣ
ߵߣ˵ʦ֣ȵ֮סǲ£ֻԧ첻ɣΪһ˫Ůɺã
žɬصͷ˵ĻȴںҲֻӦá
ֽȥ鷿£ҿܵˡ
˵˽հҿ𣿡Щá
Ѿϼ¸ҿ𣿡
ž黹Щˣ˵ȵҹҹҿɺã
գߺæ˵ʦʲôʱѧЩĻ
ɫҲõˣұȥ鷿ˡ
ϲûԡ
ߵ̫æû˵ֹֻ꣬ôô죿
֪Ϊʲô
Ҳ޷ٹվǴˣҲͿ԰ˡ
ţױǰױ
Ҵҳ˾ķ䣬ų̾һ
ƫɴʱܷǰæ
ֻܷ˵幫ûҵ˵ĻʱͲٳǰˡ
ǣ
ԶҲ޷ǡ
ʱϲ׼ӭȢʱܷͻȻãܷ˵֪ʵݣүҲЩִҪȢұɱ
㲻öʺүѹңҲظ̸ʲôģһܷŮԲܼ޸һƽӹ֮ο
һܷҲǹ壬֪ôӦԻϣ鵱գһᰲ϶ӵĻΣ㣬߾ģôá
Ů˼ɵŮȷʵģɲ᲻֪£ȺȻῴ㣬⼸ٳǰ֣ҲҪ˵©죬Ҳĵسޡ
ˣֻʮֳء
ҲΪֻǷּɻѣֱʱգŷԼȢˡ
ֵˣԷһһȫ
ȫܷм˵ة˵ĵճŮķ֮Ůӣһ֮ӣһݱ¶үҲ㣬һ֮ƾʲôȢҵŮ
ҧΪҿһػһ
Ц߻֮浱Ҳ֪ҲǺԺˣܲЩ´£ܹܵסԼŮϲ͸÷֣õԼӵеġ
ܷᶨ˿ϸᡣ
֪࣬Ὺĵġ
ļ޸ᰲ
̾Ϣű֪ôˣˣǣ
ս˫ȭٲѣ֪Լô߳ةฮģԺﶼǻܷĻС顣
ɱȨڻܷһ仰䣬Σ
صСﲻͣһԸȺȾƣ⸱ģһƳܣһ轣ȤȥС
գЦʶĽˡ
彣ֱףӰƣżڣȥõ˽ʱӽܴ
ǲУеĽͱ̷ɡ
ˣôôƴܲ˵
Ǹϧ֮ˡ

13

ΪˣղסеĽˡ
˵գ֡
Ϊͣս־Ȼڲ
ˣղסеĽȻҲͿƲס
ҴδˣΪ˾ҴС㣬ֵʵڲ׾龿ã

̱
̰Ľ
죡ͻȻ׼
գЦԽԽˣ㣬ة˵ʲôֻ˱ˣ˭ͬ⣿
УΣ
͸¶ɱ򵥣ɱһˣұɱˡ
Цţûлػ
ϧǶôݡ
ֻתСݣֻһ䣺Ϳͣ
￴ֶԶ˵£СӾȻߣ
ϰߡתʶȤȥ

תۼˣϵæһ࣬Ψڹ뷿ССȣϵϦ¡
֪Ϊʲôܾûʲô·ƤͣҲ
ںδͻȻһԵ
񻹱Ϲ޵˵ճʱŻŶӳ
գ
Ǳ⵹Ǻãܱȷһµĺá
һΣǾȻΪĸʶԿôã⵹þδϼ
̫˽Ҳᱻж
Ϊʲôﻹеǣ
ԺͻȻֳһ֣ġ
Ȼ̸ˣǵȥԿš
ţͽڳɢģﵽ˾ĵȥˡ
Բԣ
̧߽ȥƵһ䣬ջ˽ţʶվš
һֱڰбҵ㣬书Ա㣬졭һҲԲԣĵԴ鴤
֮ҲûгֹˣǲΪҪȢˣ㲻ټˣ
仰󣬾ͷһ̲ס˽ȥȻ棬š
飬æѾƿ
ʵʦ֣ʲô
鲻ǰĳġôܣ
ڵһͣȴǾȿĿڣ飬֮ǰ˵Ǹ˾ҳϲ˶ǣҲһΡ
Ŀҧ˵ϲ㣬һҲѡҪȢұ֣֮¡ͳͳûзϲңھ͸ң
ͻȻ߹ǣ˾֣ת˳ȥ
ıӰͻȻ۾
ֱ֪һֱڰбϧȴҪȢˡ
үܰŪһˡ
ҧ˵ģ㲻׼ޣ㻹гҪӽٲΪκ˵һᣡ
ʹһΣΪٿһΡ
žֲ֪˶ãͻȻͣ˦֣ʦ֣ڿԸ⵽ôһ˰ɣ
δ̫Цˣôϲ
ĵǶ𰡣
ϴˣˣԭڲܸ̫ࡣ
Ѿ׹ˣҲΪĹһҹ
ԭֻϴˡ
һҾ֪ʦ㲻ᶪġ
Ļʹģʲô֪ľ飬ͻȻۡ
ͻȻһѱס˾飬һ㶣ɬæƿ˵ʦ֣ʲôһδóأɲˡ
ȻԸԼҲǳ֮ɣ
ԲʧˣǾʧһΰɣЩٴνӵ뻳Уᡣ
Ҳˡ
ٵĺҲʦ֣ôˣ
һУǸĵˣ㻹Ը޸𣿡
Ը⣡ش𣬡ʦ֣ʵҲڵģҲһжǻ룬ǲ
ڣǴǰִţ뱨ʦֵĶ飬Ҳ°
һʼ֪׮²̫¡
ǣػʦġ
ǰ˰ΪԼȴڶǸһʧ
Ѿ֪Ϊ
ʦ֣ϣ˵ֻʣˡԸ⣬ձΪԼס
һá֣Цȴ۵׵⡣

14

鵱գ鴩˼¾ڷ˶æµţȴ
ǳɹһ׵ˣҲûйϲš
ֻǻϲ׺ͿԸ˼Ӵ˲ٹʳöԹ

ͻȻһ㶣ôôˣ
ͻȻֱһԵĻܷˣܷ֮ǲܼģǼ棬Ͳˡ
Ҳôأ˻˵ʦ֣˵֮ǲܼģ᲻ģʲô±˵ˡ
Ǿãûٿ˵һ仰
ʱӳӰһֱ̧ȴʼûƿš
ʦ֣ЩԺ֪ôˡ
Ҿ㣬Ȼ˲ôҵȻ㡣˵ձȥˡ
֪ΪʲôЩ΢лҪ˵Ƶġ
ʦ֡黹סȥȴٴαܷ˻
׺նټһˡܷ᲻þ飬˻ʼңѵûˣ̲סĨĨᡣ
Ůϲ֮գɲܵᰡ˵ţ־ܷᣬ˵ˣʦֿǵſͣŮʱŴʦһɺã
ܷû˵΢Щ˸ֻǻæ˸ͷ˵ˣϡ
գæϺͷ
ةฮϲλС󣬴˴Сһʱ֮䣬ӭ׶ةฮ涼ֵ
ֻǱ˻Σڵ죬ʲôҲˣͷڵס
ֱһֻƽӹǣһ·ȥ
ֻ̫Ϥ龹Ȼס֡
ӣ
ͻȻ䲻֪ôˣ洫һҵƺ˴̿ͣһþɻ
üһƿ˺ͷȴﾹȻǻʹ⣬վԵ˾ȻǶǡ
ô£
Сģǽ˻лţһν֣̿æΧ˶ߣڻߡ
˫۴ʹ̧ŶʵΪʲô㣿
ǿۿΪŻˣ㰲ο˵£ʵǷ뱾õģô޸أ
Цţлȫң
Ǵʦָô죿
Уûȥ
ͻȻ߿ڻҵȺѰ䣬ֱڰȺУӰ
ϲһϮ±վȺһλ·ˣľվߡ
ǾȻЩĸо
⻭ộ
ΪߵģֻվȺһͣԻվűŮˣ뿴Ϸһ㿴Ŷǣ֣
ǲȢ飬θ㸸ʽҪνӻСҰè
仰˼ˣԭһʼûȢֻˡ
ԭһֱıŵҸвӡ
ʱȻʪʪı
Ȼˣ
ӵҪ˭ɱӣŭ̿ɱ
Ȼһ̿Ͱν˶ǣѾֻǿŴ̿͵Ľʶȥ
һ̣ȴ˻ȻǴ̿͵ĵ֡
æֹĵʵû°ɣ
鱻ģߣǰˣֻϢ΢˵ӣ롭ס
ã
ǽһԣʱʳҲ˱Ǻܿ콫̿ǰΧ
򶫳£ץĴ̿ͽԷԾʣµ
ɨΧʣµǴ̿ͣݺݵ˵һ
ǣ
תʱݿž飬ѯʱһݣ˵ϵĺͷϣȻװһ㣬޲£ǼףĪҪ˼ʱ
ֻǻϲһͬǰȥס
ʱսеĽϬĿƺҪȥ΢ͷʱϵˮ󣬶ʱм顣
ȻϲΪʲôҪ޸ǣһԵľš
ֻҵ£ȻѾ֪ҲҪҵǸˣΪʲôҪң
ΪʼվһǷ˾ģȻһֱܺһ仰һ˵֮ǰҹһΣ̸ͣ˵ϲ㣬޸㡣˵仰ˡ
𣿡΢΢仰֪ʾĻԼ

15

ʳ֮ϣĿųⷢһС
΢ʵۣϣֶǣݵĺһ͵컻յϷ
ǵϣϳ꣬Ӳһ˿Խأ֮ϳΪϣ㲻ϴͻ顣
һƳǣˣ޻˽㣿ֻǣʵ۵̫ˣõ޶Լˣһǰȥ£ֵܶ˵˵һ£ӵɽҲȨ㳯Ұʲôʱ֮䶼ҪСˣ
̾ǻϳˣ±ˡ
ǰˣʼնҪ˵УҲʱˣϴ󲻳϶̫٣̫أҲ⻼޷Ĳ¡
ͻȻϢȻ򶫻¹򣬵ӵҪΪϷǣֻϳˣ޷ټֻˣϳǣӴͷ̫֮գϳǹٸϻ֮ʱҲȥѧѰ˼ҹһɢӡ
ӶǳΪ̫ӣǾӦΪ̫ҲյĻʺ󣬾ҫǵĲҲȻЧһҡ
ȻһȨƶ󣬾Ǵǹٷûϰġ
һû˹ǣҲ˱ϣõİš
һ۲ȥǣֻĬת˻ʳǣֻ׼࣡

ӣϲ޵һɣ˯Ĵϣһ޿
ǰ޸Ǻ󣬾ڱʢ꣬꣬Ǳģʼ
󣬶ǵǻųΪʺȻգͱǸɱˡ
û뵽Ǹǳףڣڰǰһȥʲôûиı
ѵӲӱˣ
ȻˣүΪʲôҪػһΣһΣ
ͻȻ޵űƿ˽մȾ˾ɫ˼ɹٵĻϲ˾ĺͷϲȢˡ
ǴʱĻϲȴ֪мġ
ֱ˶˭ţ
Ĺùðźһڡȹƺǳˡ
ɢ޵ֻʣǶˣ鷴Щڡ
޶꣬ԶǵϲѾǵĥֻ밲ȴȴΪλǲܽٸһ
⿪޴⻬£ָѣֻ§סҪ˹
ӲҪæץסѣϽ£Ҳ׵
ֻչüһЦѾǷˣôɬ
ɬͷҲͬκιϸˡ
˭֪ȴΪɬڰưͣϵЩԴǿӲռ
ȴһֱӽƵǵڵϾȻסӽ۵
ҲЩȣæʵôˣңҲǹġ
죬촫̫ҽǾﱻҩָǱƣ۵ס¡
һ㶣ⶫǾǵʲôˣǴɱҩġ
ô˵Ҳӹһ١
Ϊǽ̫ҽ̫ҽǶǵˣȻ˰ȫڷҲ
̫ҽһǵ涫ǰţһеسŹӣ˿ⶫǵơ
öǸˣҲͲõ޵ˡ
ӣպ󶼲ܡܾˣܣ鲻ʲôԭֻ¶ӽ󶼻ᡭ١̫ҽ˵꣬æڵϡ
ľ仰ûѹӸȥҭæؿڡ
ôɺϰɣ
ǵǰǿûʲôǲٵ֢״ҵʱΪһӣϧӸճزˡ
֮ӣһҽƽӹβñӣӲܲ٣ڶǻŭš
̫ҽȫ˵ǣǳܣȥһú÷ҽ䣬һκöӵġ
ȥǴŭغţ˶˳ȥ˭Ҳҽ

Ҳ׼ȥʱȴǸסˣֻεٻ
ž֣һھε˵ԲסǱһʱ죬С˵óˣֻպҪίˡ
޺⣬ҩҪǱһҪʬΡ
·ģһֱŵµģµġ
ίˡָ
ĬĬ˵ίί
ԹԵڶǵ˯˯÷̤ʵöˡ
ǷԸؿƿҪȥ̫֮λϾһٵĻӼ̳лλ

16

ҹɫŨң϶˿վƺС⣬ɫͨ졣
ͻȻ룬һֱָŭҵľƻˣ
ɱ˶ǵģǱʹ˺ôľڶǵľƱ˶ҵȶ̫ӱеϢ
Ǳʹʱֻһ˿书Ʋ¡
Ц㲻ɱ޸ˣᡣ
쵰ҵĳα
Ҳ֪Ĵ̿ͣ书ǿȴɱ˶ǣﻹʲô᣿
ջʹϲ磬ӣõĻᡣ
һɱˡ
뱨кѣЦţۿ죬ҹɫԵʮֲֿҪ̫ˣҪȤ
ĿǼЦ⣬ɻʵʲô˼
Ǳ¶ǣֻ¶Ҳܾ£١۾ĳޡ
֮ȻþЩη壬汰ɣ͸뵽㲻Ҫҵˣûôɣ
ǣΣ
ֻҪܻΣ
Ȣ飬ҲÿΪ˵Ůˡ

ôˣڵš
˿Сʹھǲֽţū澾Ͳö֪ˡ
̾ĻǺ޶ǣҪӾҲ̫˰ɣ
ô˵ҲǰһæպҲٶŶˡ
޸˶ǣ۾ǴڵʱټǣЩ𱸣ǲûгͷ
ҲʼڴةฮλС޴ɾ£ΨһֵǣĲûͬףʱֲģٸһ£˳޶ʱ߻ӶȻּͻ顣
ھ˵£ϲϾˣȢҲǳ¡
Ȼȴŭˣ϶ĵͶ֮ʱѾ˽ͨˣҪ֪Ƕĵˡ
ÿÿǻҪ鷿һٵƢҲôÿֻǳԱ˯㣬ûجج
ҹҪ˯мȥ鷿ϾҲһˣﱧ绨ĴȴȻ͡
ÿÿһʱҪҹ˾ʱ̾ϧ
ڴ֮Ͽǵİʱ̲סڱ͵Ц
󶫳Ǵ㲻Ҳģͬˡ
ûǰľ飬ҲҲԴ֮ĶԹ
Ȼ˹ѻͷ
ΪʼҪŶ빬ʺ밲ġ
ʺǶǵĸǵĸȥˣʺ붫֣Ϊһ
ϵӲܳ裬ȻҲʺˣȻǰ궫俴һŮӣ빬зΪòûϳ谮ʺж
ζϲʺҲ޿κΣǲٻӶŰͽλӡ
λӵĴ¼ʶһϾǰû˵λ
֪ΪʲôһͻȻðôһˡ
ʺʮϲ飬ϾǾҵճŮݿɲͬǸŮӡ
빬ȥ˶ʣʺСһˡ
·ϣ԰ɫ·ĹŮǶһԼߣŮҲӦˡ
鿴԰ľɫԼǰȹһʱ⣬ʱΪԼʹﳤþãϧ˷ǡ
Ȼ䣬鿴԰һλˣȻɫѣȴòɷλǵһ˶ǰΪ֮ѷɫ
δλˣۿĿͶԼæǰ񣬵μ
λ˾ȿʵҴδô֪ҵݣ
ŶһλòǷʱ㾪Ϊˣǳ檶²
Ȼ
һ㶣µݲѣԣǴδô֪أ
̧͵˼Ŀ⾹ȻȻʶһ
ңһ˿ĵ⣬ҲΪǻʺǱߵ˰ɣ
ͻȻ֣΢ŵؽ󣬵빬أӱȴȥˣԼ԰ķ羰ɣ
̬ЩĮž뿪
£Ƕʵĳ᲻ŭʵǲϺ
ֻǵؿĸͣպ빬ӵ㲻
Ϊң¶һ˿ȡ
ǾȻΪ
֪֮ϵ㲻޷ȻѾǱӵŮˣȻᱣ㡣ǲֻ̫࣬ǰο֡
һ㶣Ȼе㲻ϰ߶Ƕĺá
޷Ҳˣһᱩ¶ԡ
ֻǵͷӦһͬ

17

㿴ɺÿһص޵ǾΪһѵΡ
ۣˣܿ⼸ꡣ
ǣ˵ͷױǰԣʱȴƼǿԡ
Щڣ˵Ϊ檣
Ϊÿ
˵ţֹ°ͣͷ
æͷһƫ˹ȥ£ڻڡ
ǽĿתһԵȻˡ
ˣǶ㲻ˡ
鿴Ŷǵĵӿ죬ȻǰѾˣһˣκεǣ
£ˣͻȻ˽ס˶ǡ
Ǳ£õʵ£
ة˲Σةظȥةһ档
һһ桱˾ģû뵽ôľͶԻܷˣȻǰܷ꣬Ǿ黹ǵһͬ
Ǳةฮ
æȥܷ񣬻ܷڴϣɫףԲѡ
æȥס˻ܷ֣ǻܷȴûôˣ
̫̾ҽҲ˵Ȼֻ˵ⲡͻȻǷ纮ղˣȴֱ䣬Բʡ£ϢҲԽԽ΢һֹż
Ĺƣ
Ҳ˵˶ɻš
ô᲻֪
ĹƣȻԲѣȴܸܵǧеʹ֮࣬ʹ˽ĹƣҪʹҹŻȥ
ǰľô˶ܷģҺõʱʶһҽĹס
æʵжˣ
ǰҹˡ
лᡣ
æ˵£ͷտףʶһˣҽ˵ãһΡ
Ǻˣȥ룡ʵ
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˵գҴæȥ
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ֻæʵʦ֣Ĺƣ֪ҽ䣿ֻܾˡ
ҡѣ̧˾ͻȻһѽ뻳Уˣ
æƿʦһ㣬ֻҵܾף
һ𣬶ʱ˹ʶԼʧæſģھȥ
š
ֻþȻظϵţܹةฮ
ܲ˲䣬ͻȻܣʵ飬ʶλҽ
ҡҡͷǴʦֵһλѡ
ѡţ˼
ȴͷһȻ֪ǶˣֻҪȻܷʵûбİ취ˡ
ܵʵʵĹս붫ʶһֱŶΪ¡
Ҳ𰮵񣬳ﶫ˶ǣҪȢΪޣΪˣĲŻΪ˶뿪
ߵ˺Ժڼҩʵܹһһ㡣
һ˵˵ôǶϲ飬ҿɲǲ˽ġ
֪Իã˵Ļû⣬ֻɫ糺ʵûһҪˡ˲ٵҩǶ
ʵֱףϷŪž˵治Ҳʳڣ
鹧˵ָһ
аҵļҩ˳˾ͻӾҼ˱٣˶ȱ٣ҩҲͳΪ˽ҩϾС
УһĳԾ
Ʋ˺ðɣֻе𡣡
ûٶԣֻҩֻܲУĵĹϵǲܰҩǵġ
ܸԩ޳ģҲܺΨһܵľ
ǴʦĻ
ԸȢģվͿֱӴ뿪ΪʲôҪǣ
˼ţͻȻߵԺһ׵߿ˡ
ԺֻʣǶˡ
ᶯ˵ûʲôҪ𣿡
ĬΪԼԨȴֺ޲
ûУ
˵գתҪȥȴסæƿʦأѾǶˣ㲻ɶ񣡡
Ļʹģ˵Թҡ
ʦ֣ûԹ㡣
仰ʵһʼֱڣﶼûԹҲûкޡ
ڰ

18

Ҳ֪Լûаˡ
ʦ֣Ѿȥˡ
תߣץסȴֻͣ˰գ
ص˷Żܷ񣬺ܵҩʮЧܷºѾȬ˴롣
ˡ鿴ܷۣæȥ֡
ܷڷڣһߺҩһ񣬡ݼ
ӲŸպãҪɷŮ𣿡æַ£ʵڸоô𣿡
ѾˡܷҡͷЦŻش𣬿üͷ塣
ôۣܲ
ǰѾ֪Ĺƺ󣬼ȬⱲҲᾭʹ಻Ȼ˲Ҳ㹻þۡ
ϧܷ˵𣬻ܷģһֱ
ǲТ
ܷžǵģ˵Ĳˣ޹ĺ˲١
ܷôһ˵ʱȷʵŵһζʲô޹
ĻǸղܹ޹ر㣬˲ѹġ
ʱʱûȥˡܷһɫͻȻ˵
ҡͷ˵ŮҪס
ɵӣѾûˡܷο֣˵ѾǺԺСˣðչ£ԶӶá
ûµģܳңһҲӦġ
˵̧һԺڣǾȻ
ܷο˵֪㣬ҲͷˣΪˣŸӦöΪӵ¿ǡ
ܲסܷȰֻȸ涫ǻعȥ
ʱ֪ΪͻȻоͷΣæ˵ôˣ
ҡͷ˵û£Щˡ
ӱֱۣȻۡЩ𱸣ͻȻһѽ鱧
˵ЩʲôȴҲ۵˵
ֻöǵĻůű˯ˣҲ֪ʲôʱص޵ʱѾȥ糯ˡ
ߣʱʱصͷ͵Ц
ѾͷЦʲô
Цˣողȥģһҹأ
һҹ
ͷ´һôãҹ㲻ѣ¿ɵĻˣ̫ҽֻ˯ˣŷڴͷһҹ
Һáţȴ֪ʲôԶˡ
మ˶꣬ǵȴĽ֡
ԭΪʦһ᲻ͬǽһ
̸һ£ˡ
ûжã
ˣҲõκˡκˣֻҪš
ûκξٶǶǿʼֶԸ
ڸһζûöǰѱȨͷΪ򱱴󽫾ͳǰˮս
һָǰһ
鲻κֻǿʼ˻СӹҲꡣ
ǳֻҪȥǶ˻ةฮҲǲ㡣
μ򱱴󽫾
Ǳ߹ŮþͻȻͣôɰɣճž
黺תȻվֻʱǰͬףһӢ֮ǰɲͬ
ȴһˣֻŷɫȹ㷢ɢСβţһڼҹ
˫С裬ָȾӲ˼͡
Ӽԣȴ˽֣ɻã
šҲ֪ʲôӦ
ɷޣȴƽ޲
ֻԸҵ氮һҪػˣҲҪøΪ³ҲİЩ
ĸڣѰãһ׷
ڳͻȻǰġ
ɻʵʦ֣ʲô
ҵҵݣҵһУձȫ㣬ҳһǻزˡ
ҴҫΪ
ҹڱŵ㣬һҪߡ
һʦˣҿ˽
Ҳں˵ҪԶ볯ֻ͢Ƕ˵ӣʵŵġ
͵˰ɣ
ʧȥӣ޶˼ǳûдߡ
ڣֲֻ

19

ԾʵӦϳֻΪ빬Ļ˵
ͻȻǰҲ˵ⷬǲǽգǳ׵졣
ʱֻΪػһˣǾܾˡ
ǰͬǰҪ˽ܾҹ붫Ƕˣ񶫳ǲ٣ǸԲ
š˵ҶԲס㣬ղҲϴߣﲻϳȫ
һ㶣ֹû˵ǾҲܲµһ
ܷôһֱĻ£ôǳף
ǰ뻪ܷͲԣôȻû뵽һ㡣
߰ɣҸĸͲʵˡϱҪˣһߣȵҵʤʱұ򶫻͸ҡ
˴ʦ֣һжѾˡ
ţѾ޸˶ǣô죿
üġǣ֣һһֱ㣬ֻҪԸ⣬ʱԴߣǲ䡣
ü
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20

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21

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22


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23

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̾Ϣţս˫ȭ
ϢʵǲǴȥܣ
ͷΪˣΪ֮붫УҲؿȴ޶ԡ
̫Σˡ
Ц붫ǽ֣һβΣգ
ͻȻ˵һӣܾܣҲõҩ


24

һüգһֱ˸˵һ棬ûлظ
鲻ͣϸᡣ
⼸վɶԶ䵭ֻǱŻˣ챦ģϧǸͲ֪Ҫʲô
޵ȤԽʱڴһ˯Ǻüʱҹ
죬˯ѣ㿴ŵþæ
⸱ܾСģСһ㣬ɵü
ôôң˼ģƺֻжʱŻᡣ
ʵڶŵһڴ˶ǿֲ׺󣬾鲻֪һˡ
ֻ˵ǵ£檲ҡ
ʵҸϲڵģ㲻һҰķУϣܸǰһҪá
ҴֿŮˣʱڴһջ᲻㶯֣ھͿԸ𰸣ᡣ
İŮˣⱲӶ˺㣡
ǰ㺦ҡ
֪˵Ļͳͳţǲ֪Ϊʲôÿοǵ۾ͻ鲻Խѡȥ
һǷˡ
ؽӵ뻳Уͷܾȴס֣޿κΡ
֪жϲ㣿˺ҧĶ䣬˵š
ֻгأȴ޿κεس١

󣬶ѣž黹ڴϣһҲ
ֻҴ깫ٻ㡣
ֻװ˯ģ
뿪ֿʼ˯ʲôҲᡣ

ţɱĿԡ
ͻȻС˵򱱴󽫾ٹձҪˣ˵һ档
仰æʵڿϼҽˣ
˵ͷ
ʱصĲǷһ롣
˵Ҫȥةฮһˣ·ʱ
Ǿһȥ鷿ǣ˵һһˡ
ߵ鷿棬Ǿͻϲ˳æסϲ˵ңҺܸˡ
һ㶣ֱⲻڼװôҲǰѵζ
Ϊʲôˣأ
΢΢˵ؼҿס
áǶŰ˵ȥһ£Ҫȥһةฮ
һȥЩҲΪ顣
˵һȥʵǲġ
˵æҲ뵢㡣
ΪҿǣͻȻһЦЦúܿġ
ʱ򣬰ڶǶ˵ӣŹͨ˵ǻ빬
üͷЩΪѡ
æ˵һ˿Եģ檸㱣֤һƽµĻ
գһЦãǵúӥȥȻʵǲġ
˵գߣ˵ȥأҹҵ㡣
仰þʱߺ
Դպ󣬶ÿҹҪڣҹҹ࣬޷ֻܾܳܣܵˣƫƫǻǲϷŹ
ǴԲɵþ˺ܶ࣬æͷתܻ޵
ܿ죬Ҳ׼ˣӥ㻤
һ·ϣ鶼ѾҪô˵ӶѾˣٸһˡ
ֻϣʧԼ£ϣպҵһùȻ
ͻȻбǰһˤȥ
ȵʱ洫˴æʵӥ淢ʲôˣ
д̿ͣڽдţ´̿ٽ
˼ǲˡ
ܿͣˣЩ֣æƿ˽ȴܿһˡ
߳ȴӰ
æ˵ܹȥ˵ʦ֣ڼˡ
ɫƣһ仰Ҳû˵þЩİ
æ˵֪ʧԼԲס㣬ҡ
þò˵⼸նҹҹ޵ĳѵüһ档
ġ˵ʦ֣ҺµľﱻҩҲ֪ô¾͡
գ龪ȣﱻҩ
̾Ϣ˵ʦ֣ҶԲס㣬˵ʲôҲˣ㣬˸⣬Ҳʲô˵ˣһжҵĴ
ΪʲôͻȻץס˾飬ʵһˣôܡⲻܡ
ʦ֣µҩ˵֪֪Ϊ£ץܸβ
У㲻ܴ
˵ţͻȻʲôƵģæžܡ
ɻʵʦ֣ô£
ո꣬ͻȻһ󼲲ͷʱѪĺӥ
ӥ
ӥȴĶ¿һ
ӥ۵òҽУæԾ麰ܣץģ
ܵ𣿡ž飬ڿһֻѾһ㡣
󣬶㶢źӥһȥ߶ǣҪŮƽ£ͰܺͽҩҶûʲôģֻһʱ
գӥεط˿ڣҧԾ˵Īţһġ
˵գӥæϻȥš
ԭأԾؿʵʦ֣Ҫץң
Щҿ۾ֻģҲ˺ģֻС𡣡
вǣֱһЦ
̾ϢǶǲҩܣҪΣ
ôҲû뵽һֱȻвǣôЦ
òصǣѾӦˡ˵ţǹһ˿Ц
ǾȻӦ
Цţǰһ־磺Ȼ˺ȴ
ûһգǱæҩǰֻǰ
߽ףĵʱʱ̼̿ھĲϡ
ֻ˰ǰѺܣܱס˫֣Ҳϡ
û°ɣæţֳŶŭҪǸ˺ҾԲŹ㣡
ֺγŹˣǣܴŽҩ򣬾ͷء
˵⻰ʱ۾һֱֱؿϧʼղϿһۡ
ҿһۡ
ֻʾˣæ˽ҩ𣬶ߣҲسŵŹ˾顣
鲽Ļ򶫳ǣȴص£æס˵£ڡ
£ȥ鲻֪Ϊʲôʱ˿̾Ȼᡣ

25

ãߡ
Ǳž뿪Ŀ⽻ʱر˫ۣȥ
վס
ͻȻ˵ô֪Žҩġ
Ц˵ܹﲻһ档
գܱʾصͷõȷ£ҩûٷߡ
󣬶ùҩ¡
ͻȻЦλ濴𱾻ӣȻ±ӵز
ݺݵǣĪҪһ죬һˡ
鷳ɨ˺ĳ𱾻һҪ
ϻȥһֱס飬ο˵¡
ǾȴѾᡣ
ŶãʵΪʲôҪýҩң
ĳˣֻҪȴ𶾷Ҳûùˡ
Ƕȴýҩ
˵ɵˣҵŮˣȻᱣ㣬˵»㣬պҶö˺Ļˡ
ĬŲеˮȴתš
Լǧŵ˾ȻڱǴʦ־ȻʣүڸЦ
˵һϲκһˡ
һ鲻ǰǰֻ֪ԺȰ֣Ҳʼ˳֮¡
Ȼһ¶֮⣬һеĹ켣ûиı䣬Խöʳ谮طΪ̫ӣᷴ
һжھ֮С
ǰҹڹͱһڽʿΪӦϯᡣ
ϣ֮ʣĿȴһֱϡ
鿴óҲµóֻһΣ鲻ǰǰӦ
ȵĿȻҲ˶۵ףǲмƽϣֻʱʱƣ˿ȥ˶
֪ڹŭ
ǰʲ֪붫ĹϵΪ˶ıȨʵַȨⲻ֪붫һġ
ʲ֪ǶȴȻҲؿͷ
ǰƽĽǶǹ˼Ȩƣʱƽͬ
ڶնʱŭγڼʱ˧ףûдƽͻҲֲ˶ǵʱ߾Ĺ
Ȼƽڶǵ£㺦
ˣһں˿ơ
Ѿ֪˽֣£ȴֲؿ¶ֻԼԼ
ôȾƻġһ˾ľƱŹ֮⡣
ۿǱƣŶ˵£ȥһ
£ʵҪ㣿
ҡͷСڶǶ˵
գһЦֻһԵ˵չ˺
ǣ
󣬾һͬ˳ԸߣƵȥƽ޵
Ѿǵ˴ˣҹƽ޵ⶼû˻֡

ڴɻѵǵѾ֣
С߽ڡ
ȻȴһһŮȴƽ
ҹɫֻźɫ£ŷɫɴ£һ˫ЦȻΪֱֲ汾
Ŀҧˣƽ޵Լ棬𣿡
ҹ˶ϣҡ欵ڴ֮ϣ֪˾ǸѾͷ᱾ɰûбڻӲʺĵģ˻ʹȨӲ𣿡
֪жҲϲ㣬ģ
ҲģͻȻҧ˵֪͸˱˺ϻɢѾ޸˶ӣûбǱƣ綼Ƕӵˡ
ͻȻһסĲӣ۾ðŭ𣬵ÿһδ£ұɱһΣ
ɱ˿ֻ󣬱㲻ϻʵ۵ŮˣٱŮˣ
仰֮ɿ֣Ź
Ȼǣ
һˣƼʱڻһʿУ빬ΪҲڻʺȺʱȡ
֪ϲңû㡣Ψһֻܸ仰
۶ҧгݵ֪ɾҲ޷㶼˵Ǳ̷ǸϻʵۣŻ̫ĻᣬҲ󱾹ð߻ӣǱȴûʺǸŸ
ҵʱ򣬱ĵϻʵ۵ԣ߻ӴȨգλȨصͬʱʺԲǷǡ
סǱİɾ㣡
Ŀ̾ϢΪһ㣬ƾǱƣҾͿɱ㣡
ЦЦˣİŮ˼޸ȴ޶ԣ㻹ΪȡǺǣգ㶼ҳֻ֣󱾹ȥɱӣڻҸ˵⻰
Щ¶ȥˣ㵽ҪβſϷŹңȥˣ˶Ϊ
ĻվͻȻסߣһ
˵ţĴ󹬳ҹʵǼį㱾ߣһӣñи롣
ûƿȴһߣǡ
ٶʹ˫ۣѵûҩľƣԸһ𣿡
΢˵ҲܶԲ
ûͣ¶ֻ͸ӲˣͰҵ𣿡
ǰһû˻֪֮¡
ٽһҵ֣䡫
Һ㡫
ûپֻܾ¶ɱԺﶼǶǱžĻ档
ǿҹҹ࣬ȴֻҹҹ˼úޣ
ֱ˺ѣѹºݺݵĥš

ӶӰȴֻܽйŶ˼
۾鲻Խѿڶ
ͻȻɫ䣬һҧסĴҲҲ
ʱ˿̵Ѿ/ͷֻݺݵĥ
ڶĲҽл
⣬סʹæתܿ
طˡ
Ҳˡ
ԭˣ
ǰõһΪʲô

26

鲻֪Լô߻ȥģֻǰһڣպӭǰѰĶǡ
Ҳæȥʵôˣ
ɫ΢Ѭ죬ۿỨ˸ۡ
ҡҡͷ£檲ʤЩ޵ЪϢ
áͻȻһѽȥ
Ǹϻظۡʱỹδ
ҹװ˯ģ§˯ǵؿҹⰲþߡ
ôû˯ʱÿ۾δϡ
޲£ǲǸ˺ܶ鷳
ˣ׵ĲˣˣĽҩЮˡ
ǵ㲻鷳ҪűЩ£Ǹ鷳ҲǱע鷳ǵ˵Ҫһһ𣿡
ǰ
ǵ˵ҪһһС
ıãʹƻ֮ĸ飬ֻһŮ
ʱǶԼҪһּܻ̬ǿӲǶҪһ
õȴɢˡ
ǴʹԶҪöࡣ
ףҲһ¡
Ȼһ˭ҲסͿԼҪװʱ⣬Ҫȫ£ҪúõĻȥ
ͻȻ˵лµĺ񰮡
ڲˣǿû֮ǰǰСûıľ֣һϲ
ɫ˵£֮ǰȷʵ¹㣬Ϊ¼ƣճ檲°ѻ˵ʵºܴةฮΪڵƤ¶𣿡
ǳĬƬ̣Ż˵ȷʵ֪һЩ飬޹ر֮ĸ顣
Ȼˣ
֮ǰ۸ĵ鶫ֻ֪ҲܲµһЩװʲô֪Ϊʲôأ
ҲֻһȻϲģҲŮݣȢҵճŮةһǳа
֮ĸԭҲ⣬˶ΪϲΪ뵱Ϊʺ󣬶ϲҲΪ£ةһѡ
£ʵ㵽ةฮ׽/һǳһְŵģֻģȻ֮ǰ֪£ҲǴٳ˴֪˴£ϲ𣿡
֪ǲ׵ʧˣʱ˿̵ľηظ̹ס
ʵд㣺һ֪סǣԸֱ̹ףñպ֪ΪˣҪã̽Ǿ֪飻֪ʱԼڶǵ﾿жٷ
̹öЩֲﻹһ˿οģپҶ̹ףͲڷƭ
˵¹ֲ㣬ةҲΪãԺЩ±Ҳǲʵģ㵱Ϊû£ľû𣿡
ɻʵǺ⣿
һֱһĵķ䣬书Ʊ㡣˵ʱдһ˿⣬ڱЩʲôȻ֪Ҳµóʲô£ԼԹ̫ʵڹֲ㡣
˵һЩޣԾȫгҲЩ¡
ǹ治򵥣Զ֪Ҫӵöࡣ
˵ȥ¾ͱˣñӺú۰㣬㶼Ҫ룬Ҫһ±汾ӡ
ھĶͷһǣ˫ûоܾ
֪ǰȷʵΪһӣֻӸճزˡ
ǰƽĹƻȥĵĺӣƽ㣬ȴû뵽Լĺûбס
һֻҪԶƽӦþܱסĺˡ
ңʱգҲջϵĺӡ
ȻֹǰĹ켣Ͱѹ켣ķȥߣһ˵ʲôҲҪסĺӡ
գŶͱû˳ϢԾһֱ˯
ʱ˹ҹеһЩҥ
ҹƣƽ޵˱˷˯һŴϣʴŭȻٳ֮ʣ˻˧ǻƽͻʤʱΪ˾л
Ϊͷʱ˵£ֻЦţҲܲµô¡
ȷʵҪݺƽȻȴ͸ңַ׽/飬·ɶ㣬ֻܰƽȥǶ
빫˽֮ͨܺù˽֮ͨ
˵򱱴󽫾һֱվڳſؿһֱڵʲôˡ˵£ֲ֪Լò˵ȴ̲ס˵ū澲²ȵ˿㡣
΢΢Į˵ڵ˭ȵ˶ˡ
ѾģҲٹ顣
˵ҲˣҲϲ
ϾѾ޸˶ǣǻκǣ˵綼һ
ûգǻʺٳͬ죬̫˵ҪһϾûˡ
գϴãҪŶһͬ빬ȥʺף
գҲ˾ġ
ûмˣټʱȴ¸ƺ͹˲١
ʵ֪Ļе£ǰةฮҩ붫𽻻ʱ㻳УֻǶ֪
ɩˡ
žʱһλŻģСɰĹ
ΪةฮĵճŮƽҲϯĴҹһЩۻᣬƽڻʹȤЩҹȻеĺýá
ӴôҲˡƽۿġ
Ů˵ĵλ£˻߼٣ֵ֮ĵλǼġ
ƽ߹ȻʮĵŮټ齻ãҲ͸ӿ߾ˡ
ҲɩջʺҲǻʼҼ磬ξͲˣ˵ţߵ˾ĵߣڸ
Щؿ
ʱͻȻת̬ȶãʱʱҲܵЪϢһжþЩͷԡ
ƽЩ¶𣬿Įǲõ˵߻֣ƽǾŮ˲ɾ
ҶŮôͲˣһ䣬Բԣ˵ƽδ˯һŴϣҲ˵ˣ
߻֡ƽ˵Щʲôֲԡ
ۿΧʼˣƽֻǵžģһжﵽͷϡ

27

Цţһεģ
ŶƽΪ˾ĺãպȴƽԹ޸󺦲ҵ˿
鿴ƽһģʱΪĽòվ˵һʵǲʣοƽҲһ
Ǿվ˵߻ӣղû˿ʼҵ£οĽ򱱴󽫾дһڹ򱱴󽫾֮ҥҲΪֻʱ߻ӻ蹫ȴοʵڲֳΪ
飬ʲôݣҲҶԱָָ㣿ʱǲá
ҲɩʱͻȻվ˳ۿ˵ߣ˵ǰ˼ʤ֮ͲһȻɩ˵㼸䶼˵ˣ
ңȻ½ҵǳ¶ˣôҴҵǣ
žʱ붫ǽ価ǱԣŨ
Ĳʱصž飬ֻ˵ֵΪȴôá
ڶֻһһε˺£ֻ˵ϲˡ
治ɫĮ˵Ǳ߻ӻȥת󽫾ٵˡ
ȵԶҲصˡ
ɩƽίס֡
ֻο˵£߻ʮֳ谮ãպҲ˵õˣٳײ߻ӡ
ߣãʲôȻΪôãһҪ߸ʣصط߻֡
ƽίҪȥҶʣҲȰסֻȥˡ
Ҳίˡǰο§顣
ֻҡͷ
һƬ⣬ģ粻˶ˡ
´˻Ǻ⣿ɻ
鵽һԣܿ˶ĵط˵ʵҲ޷ϴζץȡҩʵֻ֪һ֪ϳɢĶĸʿƶɣҩʵš
ڰڷŽҩɽⶾҽܻϳɢ֮ΪӻЩʱա
˵һŽҩûеڶŽҩͬᱩ
һû뵽ǾȻƵ׼
ǵǰĿѰҩϧҽҩϧʱ϶ǡ
Ҳ֪ôõĽҩҲȬˣĻʵۣΪӮҡ
Ŷǣд⣬ʵ֪һŽҩҲ޷ղŴŽҩǰ𣿡
ǿž飬ͻȻһЦıɵľ㣬һżҩŪǣĽҩȥˡѵ㻹Ҷģ
ŵ¡
ŵԼ
ΪĶõģһߣſԶǷǷǣȴǼ
ŶǵģҲļǵǰǶһɱ
Ѿ֪ʲôʲôǼ٣ʲô˿ţʲô˵ѻ
ֻҪұá
̫һͨʺһͬ˷׷
ˣһƽ
ǹŮΪʺ׼ĸ衣
Ϊǵһˣ黭ͨ裬跽ȻҲڻ£ĳϣӦ衣
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ϣһ
ϱЩµġʿ޺˾ģȴԾ˵ةŮз޻뿴Ůı¡
գϣʴϻۣ赸ʦͨδѧЩǲڵǰ׳󡣡
ʣԸһԣ
˵ţͻȻվҪԡ
ĳϣ˵Լʲôᣬֻöɨء
붫̫֮λĹؼʱ̣ĲҲǻԼһƬ⡣
ةƽĹ£ǲ˽ԼŮ
ȡЦžǣȴб˼
ЦȴˣĴûʡĹ
ǶԾĵײû飬ֻǰݣǰ̡ڼҫ̫ԶֻؿŻܷ˾ĵס
ҲҪƴģǾĵĳʵ̫ˡ
ʼնԹûױ𣬿ִ̫̫£ڻܷɲһ˵£Ҫǣҡ
ǶĲߵʱյĵλѾǶϱǧǧ˵̫أѾǸ˶Թܹġ
ϧĲףλԶ
ǲܾԼˣŮͬܣĲΪãΪҫʲôǾֻܱ
ǾȴͬңеʺҰģھλ˵ǲңǶ˵ҪŮ
񣬾ֻиǰһӮĻᡣ
ȥ˿ȥĵ
Ǻܿ죬ʱȴһңǱʴס˽ţǸ
ЦʱʦҶˣʱ˸Цͣ
ʱ򣬶ѴﶯֱӶ˲ʴ˽
һ߿ţһкãýһӢ쪵Ľˡ
ͣҲ˽붫֮ǧ˿ĬĬ
λڿ޾ģ治ɫֻǵغȾơ
ǶǲõƱһ
¿ôÿǷڵûȢã˵ţĿ⿴ġ
ʵúֻ֮ǰδúôڸɫ
ȻǾǵһˣϾСұ񣬱ڲͬȷʵȱһ档
ǰ¶â󣬶ȷʵҲΪԾ¡
˶ϲɣϲĶ
ǳԴˣЦţǣ֣˵ڱӵ¼ŮӶȲһˡ
Цų֣ΪƣȴԶǵĻ˻ɡ
ĸƽ赸ȻɩĺÿƽҲΪĸһףأƽǰȥЦ˵
ʺһЦһѰޣ˵ƽ˼ˣˣ˵ҲɲСʱôˡ
ĸ㿴ȡЦ
ʺȻһЦˣĸֻƽƽģˣղʲô񣬱ϲ
ƽҲǰΪʺף١
ƽ붫ͬΪʺŮӣ˸ҲЩֻǿϧƽǱá
ǼȻԼãôأ
ƽĪ뵽ЩǲһЦ
ôˣ
Ϊʲô붫ڲںԼ

28

ͻȻھ˼ʱ̨ͻȻһС
鿴ȥʱԭƽ´ˣѾȻ£¶£ҺʱֵסԼŮҲ׷ǰȥڵ
֣üŭһﲻԼ·ɺͳ
ʴŭϾƽԼŮⶪĿǻʼҵ档
ʺҲæ¹š
̵ĺŮ˶ָŻʺ𱸡
ʺŵһæ˵ǳ檽̵޷Ϣŭ𷣡
̣ҲŶһͬš
̧ͷŻʺľֵģǰһҸģĶԱȣ̾ʼҹȻ顣
ϵϲַֻһ⡣
㣡ɵĶԲԣŮˣҲ˵㼸ˣ㾹ȻݺңҪ߸ʣ㣡
ԭŮǷƽҪʱƽȴ·ʱһץסͣš
æˣĻ
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29

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ԭűӾΪ£
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30

Ƿﶫĳλ󳼵ĹʵǼ٣һжǶµľ֣ĿľҪŶٷҧһڡ
ǰǾΪܸöʶʧϾʵǲϲԼλʱԼϥµĶӶòɿƼҪλƵġ
գճԺֻͻȫȻ֪Ѿ
ӥ˫Ŀž飬ڴ̽š
ӥô˵ģһԵİ㡣
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ǵʱʵ˼Ҫӣ
˶ãȻ˼æŵͷԲȷʵɡ
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ʼǲϼ

31

Ϊ˲ˮڶʾˡ
û˵ֻ͸һֱľġ
ڿܼΪɡڱαѩܾʱճȭͷ
üͷЦǸŮˣҪ²ϣҲϡ
ԭֻĬĬȲ裬˶Ļ̲ס˵ʵߵǸ㣬̹ݣǸһֱڱˣҲͲˡ
˾ĻЩԾػͷʵ㾹Ȼ֪Լֵģģ
˲豭ֻҽΪ˸˵ġ
˵գѽҩϣ˵ǽҩҲĪҪˣҲ֪¶ģֻΪԼʱ޶˾ģԲߵİɣ
ʵʱ򣬾ĺĽģĽж
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ͷβֻһˣֻںһˡ
ҲôһˣҲգҲգΪϲ
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Ҳίڣί
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Ҫ뿪ǵģȴְ͵˶ǵߡ
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Ǿʲô

32

֮ǰӴ̫ãϷ˰ɣ
㲻ֻб
뱾ͽˣҪҪӦǱ
գƿ˶ǣЦԭһжҵ̽̽ˣҪζԸң
ǵɫͻȻǲף֮ǰôమ̫֮λһٻ󣬿ΪʲôĴҪűԸ
ˡ
ةտʼ͸÷־ı仯ˡ
вһֱڶ
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ΪʲôǴŭһץס֣ʵһУ㾿ʲôģ
ûʲôģ˭Ҳ˭ҲǣֻƽĻš
׷ʵΪλҪѱѵڱ߱ͻһ𣿡
⻰ŸжǾȴǶôĿЦ
Ϊһɱҡ
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˼ͣڴˣͻȻסҺ㡫
սϵľһÿ춼ڹŹǻȫˣŻһһδӵ˵»
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Щ֪룬˫ƿôһ˲䣬Ժֵ︡һĻ档
Լ⣬ȴ
Ƶ˶ǵߣҲҲ̵ѹҲ֪ԼԭԶǵĸһֱڡ
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ܷһֱأ֪ȴûнҷӦйء
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33

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ҲܰҲ֪ǵǰģΪʲôүҪǵǰαɱģ
ԸԼûҲܺһװѶһɶ
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˾һۣ˵ˣ֪ƺҲϴˣװףģҲҲҪң
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žߣȴƿ˶ǣǣӽ·ҹҵţ
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ͻȻһҵˮɻתȴǾȻԥ˴ϧˮֻˮš
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һӽˮˣŻͷȶǣǵεʱȴץס֣ûа취ϰһһ붫ǳˮס

34

ϴгص˫ۣǿܵĻ
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ǣΪʲôǲϷŹңҧ˵ţȴϻ𶫳˵ÿһ仰ⱲӶŹ
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35

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36

Ұ֮⣬ִԲݴʵ߲ˣЪϢ
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Һ㡣ȴ벻Լ
˴Ц˵̫üԣҶةϼ̫һ档

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Ϊ̰ܻΪ˭ÿһֵ˶ٵ֪һεֿͷöǸˣ
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ǹ¼ҹһξֶΣҲ޶ҪչˣĸҪչˣֻһһϾ·
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ʱֻǾͲ䵱һˣ


37

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ǲԸŵģϾǰز۾ΪƽȴֲòԻɩǰȥ
ϣ鿴һڱƣȴдŰˣǸɹ٣һ֮ˡ
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ǰȥ󳼽̸ҪúôλϵҲֻǵͷӦš
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֪ʱͻȻߣʵһ
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ģ۾ﲼѪ˿
Ҫۣ衣


ң

38

̫ܣ
ͻȻƿˣϧԼףסˣѵĻᡣ

̫ңܣ
龪֮࣬æ˶ֱ˵ϵʯͷسȥ˵ͷѪ
ΪʹЩǰǾ飬æ¹̫̫С
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ҲЩԾ˼ͻȻֻ
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̫ҽԭļƻյ󣬱Σ˵Ѿ̥˻ɡ
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ǵĺӡˡ

39

ֻŶǵ΢һ㷢ƭ㣬ʲôֶԸң
һ㶣û뵽ԼñĿ֮󣬾Ȼþ
ֻҲ˺ģԶҲᡣ
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ӽ׼˶ǣǣҾ㣬ҵŮˣ
ɵȻֻ֮һ߸Լƣһ˵ഫߵһҲϲߵŮˣҥ
ǵĿͻȻһƳģЦŮǱҪŮˣˮ֪㣬Żᱻ˻飬ߵܿĪҪ⸱׸ƭˣ顣
ٸһ䣬ұɱ㣡𱻶ǵĻŭŮˡ
ǷЦ˵㵱Ůôģ
ةฮʱŮ˾͸˹ģ壬˽ֹ֮ߵ㣬ߵΪŮôõҩģ
Ҫ˵ͻȻŭţתŶҡͷ͵˵ģҿʼӽûСûС
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ȻҲ߾ġ
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İþͱǶȥ˵λ֮Ǳܣ

40

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˵Сڳǰ±䣬ǰ·ȫֻͬǶȴû뵽ȻϣԼܡ
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41

ʦԣ
ž飬ʵȻ㻳ģΪβҴңΪβЩ¸߶ǡ߾ةࣿ
ѵ㣿Ծš
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㣬㲻Ҫٹˡ
Ĳþη壬ͣغˣƽͻȻĳֱ֣
ģָȥԣ

ͻȻһץס˾֣鱻ŵæγذ׶˵㲻Ҫٹˡ
žж׼ذףһĨˣȴɽס֣˵Ҫɱң
ңֻǲٹˡͷ֪ʲôʱʼ֮Ĺϵ˽š

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գЦʵ˶ϣҪ˶ϣǼǰǼҵĴڣ
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ģҶĵģȷʵ㣬Ǻҵĺҷϲʵһֱ㡣
ˣŭŴ˾Ļ飬ǿˣԭ֮ǰһֱűΪ˸˫˫ɡ
ǵġ
ͻȻһѽԼԣ˵Σǣ֮ǰϲң޵Ҳңة˹ƭвңôؿ޸㣿

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ǿЦҲ̲סЦˡ
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ɱ
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ǲм˵㲻ةճŮΪĻҪ㱳һֵñãǡ
ͻȻߵ˾ǰݺݵס°ͣһһҧ˵֪жںӣȴƭ֣һ뵽ͺ޲ɱ㣡
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ʢ边Ȼ˶ݡ

42

黹վԺɫ԰ֽԺݷҡҡ׹
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һعǰʱʱ͸¶ɫ
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ӵǱʰ𼸺˺ѳƬڵסԼӣ̲סʹ


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ſ˯ۣƼĵĶӾȻԲĹĵģҪˡ
ǲˣС
ʱգӦǵڶ̥
ǰıܷʧһΣҲУǺΪ们̥ˡ
ٺǾİ˶ǱమʱǺһţöɾĻĺǶǵģԽĸϳ˸
ʵȻϲϲҪƫƫҪǸֹǣΪ˾ĵİΣŽߵġ
˵ǽ˾Ȼƣ֪ͬ˵ˣȴıκν֡
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ɱҡ

43

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ſͻȻžĵ֣ſһ˲䣬͵һˣԴֱײӡ
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գЦ˵ⷬһҲǻƽ˵ģĸ˵ģ
ƽֱӱǴ˼ȥ˸ղ飬һɵݣ֣ĸƽҲΪã֪֪ĸǸŮߵ̫ˣжڴ
ʲôǼƽݵģʮֵĺ˶ڱǵġ
ƽ֧֧˰죬̲ס˵ǶڴĶĺģң㻹Ҫ̫Ϊ
գ΢΢һһ˿ɫ
ȴֻӵ뻳УСĻţ˵ֻһǱǾ顣
һ㶡
ƽܣҲٴȥˣֻææȥ
ϲңСʳڡ
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ԺЩŮأ
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գ˵ǡҲҵŮˣȻϲ
飺
鲻õƿǣΪװһģһһƴȥ
ǼĬã㽫ٴ˻У˵ǶǱΪѡˣɫһģǲ⣬ôܰǶ͸ʣ
͸ʵģɻؿŶǡ
ֻ˵ǸС֪ʹʲôԻߵģĸϣ޷סʣֻΪѡЩ˷Ķ衣
鶢Ŷ˵Ҳ˵ҵö裬ʱҲݶָң
ͻȻս˾Ķϣ˵ⰮԴ׵ëһ㶼û䡣
գһһ
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仰ʵöԼɻˡ
ǰľҲȡԼԼо֮仹Щ룬һЩܣһֱڶ
ҪĲǾһİˡ
ľ˳˳ʵϲϲǴʱ˿̵ľ۾ֻǡ
ϲĶ㡣
סĴ꣬һǣһƬƮ䣬þ̲ס
£
ͻȻ˳ɵһĻʱŵæǣæ¹¸
ǵ˰һۣʮֲĴš
ǻѣԾ˵ȻطϢһЩȥ㡣
š
黶ϲطת֮ȴ˵顣
겻ػص˷䣬ȴ޵žġ
žģֻشЪϢ
ȴмЦ飬ֶοԽԽˣȻʧɡ
θɣ
ôģֻ˴ϣȴԱĿ˯
ǰ
ֶ̫ˡ
װʧ»صǵߣʵǱ
ĶǼװʧ䣬ôأ
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˵װʧķӻǶǽģںҴʱ򣬶Ҳƭ׽ƭߣʼʩֻ֤ˡ
˯ȥҶ¶֣ĵĵĴ㣬㻹Ĵ󡣡
ſ۾ȷʵ˾Ļ޵
˵ʵúУһҲĻߡ
ӣЦһ˵ΪʲôҪӣİҼãԸҾĵĺӵӣҾҪ̫֮λҲṰͰɣ
ĵĻﶼǳǾȴ鵭ȻֻΪʶ㼫ãӣֺöʣĴ˲֪һ᲻֪㲻ǰԸʰˡ
գЩ仯ǶǷˣȻΪҪЮܱλ
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ͻȻЦ˵ô᣿ܹĽҶԶ˵ȻҲ޹ʹ
ʵɲظ˵ЩΪҸں㣬ʵû壬ҪԸļƻǲ̽ģҲֻΪԸһѵӡ
Ļ˵˾ĵ˼ĬЩͻȻž˵ôǲĵĶǻᰮң
ǡ˵̹ϣҾǵİᰮ㣬Ҳµķ
ΪΣ
ΪԶҲᰮϰԾ㰢Ҳûãң氮㣬Ҳþȫ˭
һ㶣û뵽黹һŶǡ
ǰǼ˻ԼϲǣΪ˵õǣϧݺһж¡
ԭΪľ鲻ͬˣȴ˹ִ
ţϵĲ豭¡
޵ĲˮҲҺȣͻȻ΢Ц¶
һ㶣ձͣһͻȻתһЦ㲻ᡣ
ΪƶЩɻ
ͳ˼˵ʵ÷ı仯ˣҲǴ̸һοʼʵҾѾıˣҲ̸͡
ֻǺļҩ˲飬ҵýʧȥǣ˺£ʵ˵öԣǾ飬ҲӦýϱӵĶԹǣϡ
Ϊ𣬱ֶȴԸ⽫ҩ͡㣬ǷһԲס
žĵĻʱ֪ǸøжǸñˡ
ôã˶ϲҲôǰô캦£ҲԸԭ
ϧǰ֪ڸģߵһĵز
ټʵװˣô˵ҲŹģעǵˡ
ķɱܷȫһ㣬ҲΪвɣĳס
£Ĭ

44

ﴫҪ̫ҥԸʢϾĴŶӴҡڵס˶ǵ۷׷ס
涫һֱûгֵԵʣֱ˵ʴ󲡣޵ڣŲκˣֻһ޵ź
黹ɻǰӹǿӲʵúܣδ˵д󲡵ʱ
ϸƲǶʵһƲߣĿıҪҳӡ
ǰǱȲϻλ߱ɱʹϧʧܣڻʹ⣬󶫻ʴŭɱǣҺö飬ҲֻǽǱᵽຮ֮ء
ɶǵҰĲֹˣıԾвɹǻ
ɾȴ𣬼ܹľڶǵǻ֮ɱʹ
ҲǸʱ򣬾ž飬öɱ
ɲǰ
ı䲻һУôʹһ˶ϣһ˰ˣʡ˷ʱܾĥ
ţǡö³
ʽ¶иǴ緢ǱʹԶ𣬶ҲǴãҲϳˡ
ڳиţдѾ˽ƺΪˡ
鲻üͷź޼ɵöʧңȴԼȥıⲻ֪һжǶµһ֡
һܣʺһҲѶɽ
̫ҽ˵ûкúúҩһӣһ§ס˾¡
ֻʵһֱڶ𣿡
⻰ûڳԴףֻ֪žڶ߰ٺһ󶫳þĵǻҲûк³
ž˵ڳԴףģﶼ㣬ûŮˣھڶȻбĵǲϲǱ㽫ԶЩǡ
ֹҲֻܳĬš
ȰסǣԼ֣Ҳû취ˡ
аԼĵҲʵġ
˵գ˼ϵĸš
žĸ㣬ЦǸǰһ㣬ǵñةฮʱֶһʱÿ
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һӡҲûˣüš
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ЩΣ޷ܾ
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ķȴ˵ûʦΪҶ
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ߣǰǰҪ»λߡ
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á
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һЦߣҪлة˴ϢȻӸȥˡ
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˭֪ǲ뻻ˣͻȻһ䣬˵Ǹ뿴һȻ֮
ЩҵȨƴв˻ȨЩѾʲôˣȻ˶֪˭֮ؼһĨЦ硣


45

ӥҹ̤⣬ȴ뷢һǽǵĺӰʱͣ
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Ŀ΢΢һ̧򶫳ǵ鷿˵¶࣬æѾϾ˼ҡ
ԣ̫й߻һµҲϾ˼²ò̫һε¿ԭ£ǱѵڶΣװҲ޼¡
ӥĳ⡣
鵹һҲԾûв͸ǽȻͲһᱻֻ֪ΨһһԾǺӥ
źӥʵȻ֪Ϊβ߰
Ϊϲ̫ӥ˵ʵǶǵģȻʲôҲԸΪ֮Բ淢飬ֻΪ̫ϲˡ
ӥͻȻ·ת°̫޷ǻ̫ն飬ִ̫Բ򣬽·»Ϊ̫ĵʯ
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ӥЩԾȴת˲ָƽ̫֪²ܱѵ£ֺαٶһ٣Ѱ·
˵Ϊ֪㲻ᱳѰԲҡ
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֣ǻ
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ӥȭ˵Ը̫ǲ

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޹ط£ֻһɻ
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Сʱһͬڱűȴ㣬ΪĴǵܾίͲҪĹģة۸㣬㱳Ҳиֶαȥ
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˵ҲЦʱԸⱻã˵գȷʵûһİΪβܰ

46

ǣô˵ҹ飬ԲסˣĵЦ˳
ھĿǵĻǽƱ磬Ѿ֮ˣ˵ʲôʲô
ְͻȻǰóذ׶׼˶ǵĺȥ
ǲŲңȻվǰһ̣ȫȻ⡣
һҹ
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ǲǵʺ֮ӣǵĸǳ¶ǵҹȥˣǻʺ
ĸ֪һЩģʺǺλΪ˱סλһӣĸǻʺһɣʵҲΪˣȴΪʺȷλӣĸǹֶΡ
Ǽ˵Һñĸ׼һ㣬ǰ׼ĸŮԸĸűȫӳ
ĸı˶꣬뱾ϣǾߵҹĸʺˡ
סʵûиةฮ
ȥˡһĨЦó˵ΪȥةฮĸҲʺС̤ةฮһ̲յϢ۷ȥĸˡ
ҲĸĿЦţʱ˿ζӡ
һֱΪǺģһֱΪ춫Ǿ飬һֱΪﱻܷʱ򶫳ǻ´档
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Σ۵Ŷǣ˵ɱĸ
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ǸʱϲǣΪֶֺΣǾҲ֪лԼ˸׽һЩ
ĸոʧȥףĿȫй˶ϣԶǸŲʡ
ھ˵ȴǸᣬ׸˵׽ƵʱĴǾͲòȢˡ
һΣŶôʹ࣬Ҳʹ࣬ûȰƣֹȥ
Ʋܽǣֻ
ǵԼո˵仰ʱ򣬶ǱۿͻȻӵ뻳ǡ
ǵһһˡ
ǹϵЩϲˣҲԶЩлϲ
齫ͷ῿ڶǵĻ˵Ҫѹ㣬ǻкˡ
ǰкˡ§ž飬ȴҡ
кˣҪҪΪ½ɽ޺֮ǡ
һеϰñ
գһжÿʼˡ
ҹһֱǱž˯ģ˯òãСıţǺñӡ
Ȼȴ˼ǹء
֪ڱһУ᲻

47

紵ľɶɫĳǽŽգԶƣغѹѹһƬֱֱȻʳǶ
ЩƼ׾Ϊ֮˱
һǰͷųǽڴ󺰵ҵ£ǣؽٿ
űնһõʾ󣬱ųظ
ɱն
΢΢Ŀ͵۾򱱴ʳǣٲţһΪңǣ
󣬱ųںؽţʳǣؽٿţ󣬶ٲţһΪң򱱴ɹʳǣ


һ
껰֮󣬳ɽա
ۿţ˵ǣ
νڽʿν׼ǡ
ȻڴʱյĳͻȻˡ
ŵ˶ڳź棬ΨһӰڳм䣬˻˳
ڽʿȴΨһ˽üղŵƺʮֽţЩǡ
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Ȼ㡣ûϵնֹسǵ˾ȻǶ
ʲôʱʼҲ涫£
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ʺһһֱĳˣʱǻԼҪЯֳǣȻŶ
յʱо˲ԾϸѾղ糯ǹб䡣
Ƕʵ汧ǶҪסˡ
ֻǻӽֵֻһ浹ʮֻƣֻһսǴ򲻿ɡ
ֵһͻȻسЦָңȴǵֵܣЦ
ƺⲻȥֻͳɼǶȻȥ
˵ʲôɼΪ˾ǸŮˣ
úþԼúÿԼ⸱ģˣǸŮ˿ʼѾˡ
ǰҪΪ˾ȥҲںҪΪȥʲôҲͳͳᣬֻ֪һǣ
˭ңɱ
ҧ˵գӽֱֱ
Ȼֵȴδȫֱֱ
ֻ˵ȻҪһսαٹֵ֮飿
գ̧һۣȻöԲסһ뵽Ļڶǵٹ˲ˡ
սеĽؼ֣ͻȻ֣书ֲ٣һʱ䵶ǲɱ

ʱʹУǴŰӥһͬѾˡ
վڸ߽޾ɽʱ֪Ǻθиš
Ȼ䣬ŴǵΧס鵭Ȼƺ֮С
ǿһǱȻǾһɱȴδ˹ֺбȻм
΢ֻߵδ٣빬Ǳƹ
ͬʱӽ׼ǣֻֻ±ƹ֮ˡ
ǣĶ˫ֻװ˶Ծĵĵǡ
ˣֻ̲סЦǸŮ˵Ǳߵܸϳ𣿽֣һ˵ƹһұҪŮˣЦ̫ӣʲôݣҲҶԱ񣿡
ǣٹ⣬ƭҵľӣþֵܶģ޷ǾΪ˽հˡ˵˵ûҵһоһ
һУ͸ɱ⣬ȴЦʵָĽɽǱŮˣ
˵ʱɻ
ҪԶǳʱæסֻ˵ǷǵĻǽûзֶǵ˸ûг֣
ĻòŵĻʹȻ˶ʧˡ
ǻʹ汻ǵ˸ˣڳһֵеϷǵĿҲ˳֪ߣȴǵһˡ
ʲôæʵأǣĶȥˣ
ЦǱŮˣαزµ㾹Ȼģ˱Ĺ⣬Ҳá
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Ԥϵ֮£ʹࡣ
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ӶǵĻһ˿ãĳ⣬Ӳɵõ
Ц˵ŮˣŮ˻ҺŮ˱㣬ǲ֪װʧһ£ʵΪ˶Ը㣬ʹɱ֣
գǱʹ
ȷʵףһֱΪԸװʧΪϲԼǲɷϣȷʵҲڰﹴᶫԸԼ
ЦȻĸԸ鱳ѣΪֻҪ黹ԸߣͻῪġ
˺ģǣһҲŹС
˵˴ʱȻüǲ⣬Ⱳ㶼ˡ
գʱһ㡭ôˣ
̧һЦֻƵɱˡ
𣿡ƽȴͻȻӽ򶫳ǣ˵ȥ
˭ںҪֻǸİͷϡ
˭Ǹ˺ģҪ˭
˵ŭı
ҶҪ˺ʱӥȻ֣ѵз
ʵղűѾû뵽þŭ𣬶ٹ˲ˣһֻɱ˶ı
գæȥס𣬡СҪɱСթ
ϧһۿŶһ˶ǣȴֻ΢΢ܿҪȴǱһֱۡ
ۿŶǣ˵֪ǹƶˣթǼթҲҪ
ôޱЦ˵ɱҲ¡
ҧг˵ǣұɳºһ㣡
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Σ˵˭Ҳס㣡
ס֣
ٴγʱȴȻ˶ʵʱһи߾ٵĽòͣ¡
ԾػͷʱȻŻ˳
̩Ȼɫ˿ûевصģ
ʱȻԭûνıƹҲ֪װ
ʲûвΣ
ǴδҪƹ
ôʹҳӱǡǡ

48

ʣߵıȼݲ븸ˡ
û붫𿪿ڣǱ˶ǰ
ҧ˵ǣñɡ
ԭϵװ̽Թ壬ѹֶǸղһֱþ̼ԭ֣ٽһ򾡡
սȭͷ޲ɱ˶ǡ
Ȼѳɶ֣һվѾܸ˶ǡ
׷׷±Ȩ¹
˵ʣŽչб䣬ǸʣðŴ󲻾֮ȼݣްɰġ
ٶһѣĸʲǵϾǵıڡ
ü˶һۣв̾Ϣԭ붫ֱȨȴۣȻ붫һ·ˡ
һװ׳˲¡
Ŷϣ۾ŵӣûһʡĵġ
ԭΪ췴ĶǣϾԼˣᣬǵȲôʱǻˡ
ȴ붫ûһ㶯Ƕ𼱵Ĵ˻ʹ˳嶯öЩԾ
ȷʵˣϷϣǶǻǶ𣬵ǴԼĵߣҲǡ
ȻȴʮִϵͷǱʶʱ񣬶лбȨȶ붫ıȨȥǵٴá
ʱæ˵ϣ檼߻Ϊ룬ı֮⣬еıƴһսǻϵҲ𡣡
˵ȷʵʵ
벻ȴ
ԭʾŹǶˣⷬǸһ̨¡
ǣʿ̧ͷһ˭Ҳҳ涫飬ȴΨˣ
عΪˣ޿ڳȨƻðЩ
ڿԼҲ⡣
ĿջأĮȻ˵Тľȼݣϣ޽ձջ˵ıȨ˻ظһ꣬ǿϣ
лʿ
ۿͷжͣα΢ȴѾǹΡ
ˡ
Ҫ޵ʱһ۶ǣ˵Ҳȥɣ
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˵գȵʻ޵󣬱˦ȥ
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ɻ˵˼ǽˣȴûӮ
Ĭûпڡ
йء

ǻص󣬱ֱȥ˾޵
ԺаŪĻݣƽյ޹ϸ
۾ž飬һɫ廨ȹͷϴ͵ӣŵȴּġ
˹ҡ
Ϊ˼򵥵һˣŮûʲôͬ޸Ϊ֮Ϊ˸һԲֶΡ
֪ʲôʱʼʼ顣
ҲܰȴǰǰɵɵĳǽԵġ
ÿһΪԼƿ˾ʱȴֱϵıѡ
ƫƫһ֮ҲûС
һǳ̻ϲӵס
ǲδƿֻǽӵڻʵıȨ湻㻹ɣ
¶һ˿죬Ϊǻŭ͵͵͵ı
ȥԸҵҲߣҪ췴ʱҲͬʼʩ
ԣղǶǲ뷴ûбܷ
˵ǲ֪Ҽװʧˣ
š
ΪβҴɻؿŶǡ
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ֱ˵ǲҲ֪װ̽һ£
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ѵҪɱҵҲֹ𣿡鷴Ŷǡ
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Ϊ˾飬ҲǷ
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Цš
ǰǱƹȷʵʧˣҲ߳ΪˣǲŻ߳ŭڶαƹһζǳɹˡ
ɱ˶ʣɱ˻ʺѪϴ˻ʹƵö·ӡ
Ȼĵ¶ɽ𣬿Ǹʱһֹ⾰
һΣ֮ǰͬһεıƹһεľƿء
ΪܹԼƿһˡ
ܣ򱱴ڳ⣬ôֲܷˡ㣿ǳԾž飬ŭ˵ϲ㣬㣡
ͻȻŭ۾ðŭͻȻݺݵһס˾Ĳӣ˵飬ұң
鿴Ŷ⸱ŭģЦ
ЦʲôɻţȻá
˵͵߷£ıƹʧ㶼ûжһ˵ҸֱұĻλҪ
Ц˵ţǲ֪ΪʲôЦЦţȴˡ
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ʲôĽףԼǻλҲ侲
֤ǰԼ͸һɱ
˵ʦʲôûҪϲңԸΪκ¡
㵹ãҧгݵ˵ţǿŭ
֪ΪΣ鰮˶ڵģԴ޲᲻ãֻǿš
һҲ

49

΢΢ֻ̾˵⼸úڶţδҶġ
飡һץס˾飬æ˵ɵˣƹһ¹شһ±ٲѱⶫôһ£ܴ²
鿴ŶǵģоȻøˣ˵ֶĺƴһΣһһˡ
˶٣ͻȻָŶǵҲԹ
ڶǵҲԹ
㵽Ҫʲô
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žս͹СⲻһǣҪֹ£ͺӡ
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ų㿴Ӱ
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ʵֱӣΪžҰģžԸ
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ҲֻΪݲòڶǵߣŻöǽˮ¥̨ȵ£Ż鲻Խذ϶ǡ
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ƽźӥӥǸūŰˣƽֱ򶫳ǵȥȴ뱻ӥ¡
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⵹һ취
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ˡ

50

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ƽŻˣֻЦ飬ΪҺĺΪı/޷Ҹ㣬̫Ӹ֪е£ûбҸҵĵ䣬ֻҪϼӵζͺ׸㣬ֻҰ㡣
ȫ֪
ԾˣͻȻЦ
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գʱһŭ͸¶ģ
ô˰ɣƽƵļЦţ飬ļƲóѵġ
ŭȥݺݵһƴƽϣ֪֪Ầģ㵽֪֪͸Ͳÿȥ㻹ָŰڹĻ𣿡
ƽסס˵ƭҵģ̫Ӹ˵˺ġ
ƭ˲Ǳ̫Ӹ磡
סæȥ
ƽﲻͣšܡһ
ƽֻǲˡ

51

վڸǽ֮ϣųɱʿ߹һĨЦӥվԣһϷ롣
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ΪҲŽʳǵģôĿ
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۾ƴǰԽԽƽĽʿȥǱ£ǲˣҽձǰ
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ôܵΨһů
վһǻ
ԲԺҲٱˣ֮ǰԭҺòã
á޵ʧ
Ҫϲˣ㡭ϲҡòãһЦݣһ

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޵ɳƣ뷢ȴ˺üΣ˵һá֪ûֻǿûϢܵ彥û¶ȡ
۾һٿǰһУ㱼ݷ𿴼ǽʬ½Ǻݺݵק֣ͣװǰ
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ļǺ޾麦ĺӣԿ빬ѿ
ҲûнֻͣŶλա
˵ةҹˡ
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ʵ֪ΪʲôɫΪɱˣĴӦΨһҪΪĻʺ
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գô죿û뵽һ졣
ǵǻϣʱɱĴӦֻҪɱ˾飬һ
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52

һΣһҪ㡣
Զ˵ţǻ仰˼ɻϲ
ǻգʢװϯ˷飬Ͼյһж޹أʺ
ȫ̶ǶЯ֣ǰͬǴ档
Ľûһģһ鲻׶Ǻ⣬Ĳ⵱ǵĻʺûжԡ
ڹ˶ʥּʱ̫࿪ʼּˣʵگԻ޽ǻΪۣΩ˾̣ʾԳݣ̣ʷΪմˣ
Ȼ̧ͷŶǣֻǵȻùʥּϺס˾֣˵޵ǻΪۣΨһĻʺ󡣡
΢΢ţʱȴʹϢٹپ֣ȴΨɫݵž顣
ֻǼ˵㲻һֱͬ޻ѡ𣿽ޱ㣬Ϊӣɼλ·㲻ͬ޴ֿ㹲㲻Ը⣬ɲҪ¡
ϣ˵ʲô
ް

ʱʾɱ˽һʧأƫƫʱ˿̾ڶǵ۾ֻüӰ
ġ첽ǰӵס˾ģ࿿һ˼֮ࡣ
ָŶ϶һ˰̣ʰ죬ſ˵ˡ
Ϊֵáס֡
ĺۿҶԲס㣬ûбǵĺӡ
ͻȻһĨ⣬ͻȻνž붫ǣ˵飬ұҪҵĺѩޣǣֻҪɱ˾飬һ
鿴۾ģܿջĿ⣬ֻڶϡ
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һ̣ĵĽͻȻǴ˹ܲǰ涫ǵһ
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ս˶ǵ֣Цɣʦֵǲһ㵲Ϊ飬ף
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ĳ꺮ѩҹСһȾϷ纮ǼĲУ̫ҽԺ޵š
۸ڶüá
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İϺʺǲ֪жǵʺƴȹҲŲ飬ñ۸ĵز
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˵ǣֻܿޣȻҡͷ̾Ϣ
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Ϊʦ֮Ȼĸǣ㽻Ϊչˣƽˡ
Ծѣԭ߻ϳȴ֪Լһɧ
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ͻȻͣˣʹЩ룬֣ƿô£
㣿𿴼Ӱʱһ
ˣ

ҽͣҸǼٷޣҴδй֮ʵ
⺢治ҺܵģھʹʶǺ;顣
ͣ㲻Ҫˣòã

53

˵Ļˣʦʦ˶ͶҲžˡ
޵˵£ҲͦǸţԹԭĿɢҲڿԸİء
صסСݣÿڴϴ磬ǱһԾżһЦ鶼øۡ
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˲ܷܾߣֻϣϸˮ
۾ʼˣʱģкüǰ⾰ʱǻᾪִУǵһʱ嵽ο
ʵԼжУһϹҲ޷ֻǺҲˡ
᲻á
ֱ죬Щˣ˼ϣϷһֱܹ
ʲôɺãԼܶԼü涫Щ¡
ɫţ¶һ˿˼ɫʵ㻽ʲô

İ
ס˾֣Դֱ濴úÿˣҾ˭
鲻Ļʲô˼ֻ۾ٿȥǵȻʦΪһ壬ֻ˵صһΪʦ
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ֱץúۣ۵ͻȻһУ˶졣
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ԭһжֻζѡ
ûνֻλعȥˡ

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Ըȥ
鵲ڽ£ȴ˻ֽؿڡ
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ڶǵĻؿڣϢһɢ
жãһټ㣬Ѱû˵ĵطӣΪһ˫Ů
ÿڴϴ磬һԾңżһЦһۡ
Ϊº׽㣬³ΪһˮȻԺһǺüʱ
жã
ǣǻԻͷ

žĻǹЦ⣬á
ӦʣȻ󻺻۾
һҪúõĻȥ


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