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 1 

ѩ׷ɡ
;Ƿѩ죬ĿװعĶҲѩƮƮ
ͷ䣬ݱܱܺɡ
ǰǰ
ѾɫСȰϾոմͷƢԡ
˵ҲǺЦĵճͷȥˣһֱССţҵظգҲǵĽ
ɶӣﱧһ۵Скȴû˸档
ͷʱ۷׷ףصķ˲缦һŮ˻쵽ֵزǿ
ȻǶţͷź۶أʲô֪
ཫתӵĿתĿţԵĲ˵᳤үòƽƽ΢һЩȴҲֻǸׯƽ
ƫﲻˣپһÿԽϸϸĶſԽë˫ЦЦֱӰ˳ȥ˵ĺÿ
üԵ΢̵Ĵǣµ벻ݴʣܾøŵҲʲô
ͷѻѻţͷʱֻó΢˳
ô˰Σ񣬲Ӱͷһ̧ȥѰͼıӰ߳Ժˡ
ſҪһˣ쵽밲ʱˣԺٽ֣ԺԶǸЩ
켸ǰδ񣬱㱻ĵƳһۣЦӯӯʣɿˣ
С΢죬Ͳ˵ջĿ⣬֣ʩʩȻԺȥ
һԺţͱһ˫ůڵСָסˣĵĴ۾ԲӣһЦ߻ѣرϲ졣
ÿˣһ˰ءѩϲ̽̽Цˡ
𴺽ŮĵСˣԽĵôһƬ
ĵͷԺһԣ밲
һڣԺͷʱֻ
ôУʵҲûȻϻˣûףֻ˱
ɲô˵ѾϻˣһҲӦġ
һжƲ壬޲մһϵҵĸ
ѩҿ˿Щµ̧Ȧһ죬ӱžžµҪ񣺡ʹܿ࣬ܣԺҵоãֻĪҪԸĸԹޡ
δĹ򣬾ͼһߴ˴˳ĮƳһŷѩڣˣЩֺαء
ʵ⹷ҵˣǸʲôδУСǸġ
֪˶ЦԸ塣
˰á밲
⻰һӺͷĸͲס˳ŮžƵСվˡ
һֱû˵㣬Ҳ֪ǰͷôӵģ
Įֻ˵ûмҽˡ
ӣ򣬰ιЦЦ֪ˣ븣װ׵ָ
̲̬ȰѸҭ˸Ǻ˵֪ԼˣҪҵ˴˳ȥҪĹ˭ؼңûûҷ硣
㣡ѩڸϽǰ۵˳űһȰοͻС̣ʲôĪӡ
ÿձݵĸТ§ǵЦ⵭˵վЩ͡
ԭţԭĸһԲգ˭֪ô
ʱѾſо˵Ѱ˶٣һݣСġ
⻰ֱϽͣǶЩͲסڣżʲôˡ
һӦҰˣ͸һۣܿԷŭ
ȴһ뱻ϨѾ߽˵ЩͷΣ߻
˵ȾºˣһƾǴǲ˿Ͻ
үȥǽߣϾԴܡ
ȻĻںͷûһ͹ǰͷ·Źȥ
ԺʱƳˣܾͦıӰЩ죬˴ǰ
ǴСʹԽģϸϸҲʮĹ⾰ĸãƽն黭˴̡
ѵõģֻôһŮһֱĽϧǰ͹ˣȻûôʹ߳ЩÿÿȴԾź
ҴԺˣЩˣ㱻ѹżˣŮ⡣
ļãǮͨ·ӣŪһеɷģٱͺң˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ƻʵʩĺܺá
ſǽͷӸڼҵСãԷÿǰƿСϸ˵ջԽԽϲͷѡ㶨ˡ

ӡſǽͷεЦӯӯػգ۾һ˵ݡ
ǵһۣطGתˣֻǽŲԳɣȴҲͣЪԶȥˡ
һζѾߵսľӡ
Ȼһӣȴ̵ģСˡò˯һ˯
һΣ˵ڶΡ
طGͿǽͷſһݕiŮЦؿ
ӡһߣֽģβ΢΢ϳӹ͸һĶ
طGŲ˶٣šü⿪ڣú˵ûüŸɤӣŹܵġ
꼹ֱͦһѻɫô÷£õһ
⻰ʲôĸֱв˵óڡ
ϵЦҲͣΪֵõǻ໻飬ֱû˵ˡ
˼ĿСӣѲ򲻳ɣǺð졣
磬ѽ
һ磬طG꽣ڲĹ򣬾ǽͷüģǸЦаŮ
ú˵ɤʼˣҲۡ
ٴ飬˼ĿԣЩá
ɿŶԷ͵֫ʱڶ᲻á
Ҫߣȴ֣ⷢԷһƬ䣬ЩƵ˼ȴƺˡ
ӣҽ²ˣһδĿ
طG򣬲ٶ룬Ͻǽͷδסֱ㱻ǣסˡ
ӣҵ֣ҵˡԳԵЦһȵĲӣǽӡ
طGͼµǸģ̨ûʲôˣСͷйϹ衣
ššü⣬򣬵û˵ʲôַǽˡ
΢ǿ飬طGкٴᣬʹأɫĹ΢΢ζ˳ź£һֲһĸо
үҪʢ΢ڵʱ򣬴顣
ͻŮŷүѱ˭
ү֪ɤ𣬴΢΢⡣
ʹסкŮĵЦһкɰЦĽɰģ
~ǽͷðһԴӣŽ˵ֻˣĪҪϧѽ˺ô󹦷ġ
˵ߣһ㶼ûк˵Σǿӵģ˵ǵǴ֣ûбҪС
лҪ˵طGү߹·ǽ·
ֻҪһãҪӣ
ָһ㣬Ǹĵĺӣҷ˶ŶǱо
ҪǻҪ࣬߹·ղһ~
ĴҲȥһۣ崩֮ĳǡ崩֮òˡ崩֮桷崩ź꡷

 2 

ǻôߣ˳һǣͶΪҲ͸ԽʲôǡǶƳˮһСԺ͡
˾ǲ
طGɨǽͷ뵽˫΢һǷĻȣƫЦִɡ
٣~
Цձչ¶ڸǰЦľѶˣĺЦŰһǣҲ֪ôģž֣ʹ
˵ŻԼϸָǳĺͷͽ塣
طGɫбһۣתˡ
Ƕ󣬿Ҳֻ˵һʲôɫĺơʣµҲ˼Ҳ˼˭˵ڵġ
ﲻǣһɬȴ˵Ļ

ǡ
Ťͷߵĳˣ类ֲһĻȣЦӯӯĿţۼķֶԷ˶ͮͮĶ䣬˷ݡ
СҲ֪ļҵǹӣȻԴöȶǶģǱŵôһСطɼôܳ裬ãԺ֣ʱܵʱҲס
ϸϸͷĿ꣬㿪ʼˡ
ʮ³죬ʼ¶ɪ䣬˻ŵѾϺˣͷѵޣ޲ӶһȦëԵůЩ
ӡſǽͷϣʱʱǽͷ类ʰĻȻһ£°ż֦δܵľջʱ˵ޢƷ֣⳿رͷɷǺÿ
طGͣ˽Ů̲סüһŮңˣɻˣ
ü΢дԼ޷ģ漸ɬõŮǲӵеģһһĻ꣬Ц֡
һ㣬ѱԺǽʴһƬ
ɫ䣬ǽͷŮЦͣȦ΢һһ۵˵ŮңЩ
Ļ˲
üտʼ̽ʱûôģ˼Ŀ꣬˫΢˫֣޷̽ʵ뷨
㡭˶٣ʣзǣ
ʢһԴүүѵϲŭ֮ٱ֪̽λεʳЩĶŮ
紵Ҷ£ƮƮҡҡģطGĿԶ
ǣ㵱Σ
طGüĵʡ
ʢҪ˵ʲôȴү˻֣ˡ
һʱ䣬һǽֻ֮ʣˣſǽͷü˼ʮС꣬ϲʲô
˴ˡ룬ԼҪҸӵ뷨̫ڻƣ漴ùģԺЩ͵˻־͵Ǹǽͷ
˹ˣһ۵Ĺĵѡ
طG
ŶԷ˲ʧ٣ڻԼ˵ʲôôɱ
ƳһǽͷСͦ죬ͷĻˡ
ﱧŻ裬һûһıԹҸ˱ưѣˣӹѰӻĵҶٶ׳ʵ֣ӽ£ûˡ
˵ˣ»õõһʱ仹ûߵ·ϣⷨӣʱȽ뾭ѵ˲⣬Ҳǳе¡
˵ˣǹͷҲѾȥˣùҸżˣƽƽӣҲ
ˣҲĵķţҲˡĵ˵
һߵĸͷۼˣ˦ȰͶˣǧģСʵ˵๫ҲܵŮҲʱġ
˵һѣŲĸ֪ǲˡ
ӴС˵ʲô
Ҳ̫ˣﻹйҵʱԷˣҲܻϧ
ſڵļҶЦӯӯͷЦҴȥأſںš
Ҷ꣬˴֮Ϥһɣ߰ɡ
ԺӺܿ͵ͷˣſڹȻͣһ͸ģӣĿͦεӰ
Ц
һЦ߰ɣѾˣȥơ
¶һղ񣬴ȹӾҪͼڵԺſˣͦɵʩʩȻţһۣһۡ
ţɤǴ̽ôƤһЦǰ
˵εεתһıӰ
жô¾ж䡣
طGŮεģīɫûпŵģǸӢɡ
顣
лҪ˵طG޵ů

 3 

ɪɪ˶ӣĿһŲ꣬Էţ˿ûߵ˼ɵôߴ٣ӿɻ£
Ժſʲô
ɤӣڣ𣺡һ£
̲סһλǹСӣԷû뵽˹һ
㡣ߣûˡ
طG߶ֱˣˡˡд
ǣһ˦ӣתߡ
˼̲סͼϲϲ۽ⶼûһ㡣
ŮƱ䡣
ӭӵĿ⣬ҵĴգЦʣСˣ
ţ봺һȰˣѣͦģŽ˵Ůӵ֡
̲סЦβ̿Ŀڣˣлʶң
˵ףٶԴЩ½Ͽǰ俪ʼ͵͵š
ʱҲѹŲ׸ĸ᲻֣Լ֪ãԱֵķǳˣűܹһ١
̲סϸĴ˰֡
ʱҲ֪òȰ㣬ʹ⣬ͷĽĽ̾һЦݽû㰮ʲôѽ
ǻɣ빬ʹõ˲ţˡ
ϸֱȻô֪ȥʲôо
ظҲеģִݣ͡
˶һۣЦͬһޡ
ȵʱͷѾˣȺһȲ󣬾ɫӷˮ𣬱˿ˣһֱڽǢҪֱ·ӡ
۵ǲͣɴżѹȣ˹ܵġ
Է̨ЩӲֱ̧˾мܲסżѰ
ҼܵһѾסˡ
ɣ֮ǰҲԼˡ˻֣Сȥˡ
˼ܶ࣬ôסԼӣǻЩ˼ֱӣҲԼ˵ķʽȸԷû뵽Էһ֣סˡ
ѻŵ͵İɫƣ΢۽ǾӸ¿˵ʱǴ
ӣԵЩ顣
طGһҲЩ⣬ҾǵӾȻġ
뵽ЩʱƫԺЩЩˣž֮ǰҲǺģ޹ֺ˵ͷ
գգۣͷһƽʢӻ֣ʾȥ
ԸߣҲȷСǴβǣĹǡ
ȴۺߴ֮⣬޲ֱȥʲô׵ģ¶һεЦתˡ
ƣڿ
طGתи룬ûһھį
үСЩݣ˶٣żɬĽ˵ү͡
ڼžĿռ仹ż⣬Է˵ĸǰĸүүϡĸأͰǣҲʱܳԵ
ңЩ˵ĸɬˣͼޱ
طGһܾԼ˵ʲôͼȦһ죬ݺݵĵһۣתߡ
ûʲôĸôĸ˫ȫأǰǸ¹ѵ
ΪʲôϺ˳ףһֱЦ˵ϲһˡ
վܲǸŨʱһͻȻûˣһҲſή
ǰˣǡ
ƹĻ飬ǰõ죬ǰ첻۾͹ٸǻʳǸ£˭ô޼ɵװҲװڡ
ͻȻʲô˼ûˣȻĳˡ
һӰ˼ֱȦ΢죬ǱӰȾϼ־ǿ顣
ͷϷСЩ£вݣû˵ʲôǣһߡ
ֱ󣬾ͼԷսЩʣˣ˵⣿
ҡҡͷԸ˵ʲôˣЩʹƹȥˣǲᣬѪ졣
߰ɣȥȱӡգ
³ͷ΢䣬Яһȥ
طG׷ͿôһĻۣתϰָһԺŵʢŵ顣
ʢӦ£Сѣֵѹûϡ
һ̧ۿӵı飬̲סԭء
лҪ˵طGʧܡ

 4 

ƻ轫ɫѻľ
ֻСԺ͸ůů⣬ޱ߼žʱ̣Եøᡣ
طGбһۣŮ
үһ𡣡СѾǺЩ֪οڵӣĻ˵뾭ѵ޷
ſһ죬ڼˡССţÿζΪԷϵ֮㣬Щź룬˲ţýȢʲôǿ
طGŲ΢٣ָͣҪܾĻڴ߹˼ȦĿСѾͷһۣڶԷսľʱ򣬴̤Ժȥ
ԺںвͬǽԼҲûб͸һ˵ìϢˡ
ͷԼƻ
ǲġ
ſڣûǰִڻͭſϣȴôҲòȥ
ˡ
ӡЦͷǸŶŵů㡣
˶٣ֽ˵ɻ빫ӽˣɡ
ǲɬģͷһ£һ㣬ƶʱѰ˼ѣֻҪɹ·صģǰҲϲˡ
Ҳôԭһôһ˹¶ҲռѾõģʵҪ顣
ûбѪ׸ǣˣֻ־޴Ŀն
ϸ׵ָӴ긧طGŵֶԭأǱ̵ƵջĿ⡣
ӡһЦߣһ߽ܣµģұӣһߺȾһġ
طGݵ˿̩ɽҲղ͸͡
С¯ơԻǵľҺϣѡ˶͵ģϾȾˣǺȴǾͲˡ
ѩһޣطG͵͵ؽһ䣬ȻȻʣ飿
̸ԼĪǶӣô󵨵£Ϳ˼ûѧ
ѧģҶᡣƣ¶һϸ۰طGٿ
һʱ侹˷ԴĻĵžƣٶ˵ˡ
ţϰһ̵ֶĺҡҷطGǱı鶼Ⱦϼ͡
Цͷţ
طGƤӿβŻһӺüʮڣ֡
õĺãɲ֣ǰͷĸճ󣬾ͿʼŶˣڻʰǰͺģ˽￪ʼͷ
СԺҲҷһŪģ
ͦáһЦҼͷͳʣôһ
ǰնԷڸңҲѧˣ㿴ҶôˣϧŪ
ȻǸû⣬˶ʼرǾ¶ǣǹҲɢˡ
üĿӯӯطGˮǧɽ˭ߣһʱ䣬ŵҪЩ
ӡҧҧջٵͷϣЩڣԼ̫˽úûиס
㴺齿ĵģطGɫ˹ᣬǼϸѪյ˵йŮһңԷճȣסʵǿ˼
Ŀ̣ͻȻƵʱ磬Ҹˡ
ڶԷ̺ĴɨͻȻ֪״ȥǲҲ
Ҫ𣿡ϣסͮͮգֻ¶ﻹݵ
ĺãСǱģ˭ˣǶǿֿ䣬·ϣҲвͳʳ߸ģԼһ
޷ܾŮˣŮ˻ɫ㡣
طGѾվˣ˫ȴû뿪˼
㡭һߣٴθ룺
ô˵ţȴһЦ΢΢żԶȴԵӽĶˣҡ
ӣҵΣߵǰס˫ס
طG˫ָڱ彩ӲʯͷӸµؿţͼһ˫һ۴ֿɬм˵ݡ
û񣬹ŮӵзţΨû鶯顣
زʶɬڡ
Щ˰һ̵ܡ
֮ⷽ䣬ҪʶЦʩʩȻȥ쵽ſڵʱŻЦſţҾ⣬ѡȫԼ
˵¾ӰʧǰֻӰͶϣӰӰ´µĿ
̱ðĸо
㡭
лҪ˵ģôͷһЦޱˡ

 5 

һƬžֻڿдԽԽɢС
ҵӰһûһжߣ΢΢βָܹȥ
үδ˵㲻ɵõԲ˫ָ˹
ʣµĻʲôýˡ
طG֪˼ҲЩ뷨Żᱻ޷
үӭŵġ˫΢أȥȶ˵Ӱӡ
ʱʲôҲ٣׵ģƽ
һ⻰ͽˣ˵ʵڻָĸ˫ĹŮǲ˼޵ģүԸ⣬ĸͬҲǰ״
ʱֵ췭ظҲִ۰ˡ
˵̣ʲôƽࣿӭҽţҲһգĺĺġЦʲôξɡ
ⲽǰе˼ֲͣҲЩãһ˫ӯӯüĿ˼үϻһȦЦ޷
궢Ѿ⿪Ķۣǰϣһһ۵Ŀʼ˵̡
Ů֮ȻҪý֮Ըĸ֮Ҳٲ˵ģ˵˳ʱʲôˡ
طG򣬿򴺽˲ͬ
֮һʱסˣŵǣʱˣװ׵վǰֻ˵ѽѽдʱ⣬ɲΪ
˵ĶЩʲôֱ޲硣
ˣ֪˼͵ûһ磬ôҹȥˡЦüۼӹɵ
ֽģǶ˪ѩһ֦÷۵Ĳ񻰣ƫƫż˵
طGЦˣգݺݵ֪ôС
ʲôݵλԸӭţѾĶ䣬ոĴˣȻˣֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
¾޼ҵţǿɸѡĹء
洽ԳԵЦβŵҸж⣬Ҳһ·ˣŹãʵðˡ
ֻҪ㣬һɢԷʱҪ
˵תҪߣȴһ׽סƹϸϣȦƵԺ
ʲô֣طGսˣ͵͵ʡ
һǳľ룬ƽĿҪһ΢΢ζ䣬;öԷļܰϡ
ǹ̵ģģ塣
ͷͻȻֺʣͨѾͷⱲͷһΣҲ֣ǲҳ̶Щˡ
˵ǳۣһ㶼Լʲôģ۵ʱ򣬹Ҳٲ˵ģȻˣҸоģչЩ
ˣпЩеûģĲ
طGвݣִսЩߵүûͨҲݲɡһζָвҲʲôˡ
İףи˵ϸƤ⣬Ҳмַʹı롣

ڶһ磬δ̲סӴһ
ޡ
޲硣
ǰ˼䣬ź޺޵ҧԼʯͷԼĽţٲˡ
ĸһֹ֪˵ʲôõӣ۵ϴҩ࣬һȰȻ㣬ʵʵĽԺ˵ģǸأҲûûֵǿ
ȻһЦû˵ֻ֣ʾæЦѽͱˣ֪Լʲô
Ȼô˵ĸǵģһ壬ߴˡ
һ£˭Ҷġ
ڼҵĹѵ磬δ𣬱˵ȥˣ㡣СѾߴһһ˵ĺ
ͷʾ֪βźЦˣ°
ֻҪУʰ·ͷĶɶǲҪ˵ġ
˵ЦţͼСѾϲĽЦ˵ƹӶ󷽣˵Ǹأ⼸СѾͷҲǲźģ˵ʲôСǰرִ¡
΢ȷʵ󷽵ĽСѾ߻ﱧŵġŵģܲٻÿһźģ
ͻȥҲҪⶫԭնԷĵ
СѾƤӽԭأΪλ֪ⶫļֵϽһһܵ飬ɺĥ顭
үǸСˣͷĺöҲ࣬ҲǱģʵʵĺöһͷûС
ŲѾţûٶʵԺӣҲòôǮ
ˣȥҲҪ˸ǷЩۣ·öɵŻա
лҪ˵·
ģǣŮˣӲġ

 6 


ôƬ̣ƤӣЩݡ
ЩѾ߿ǫʵ޲ñǿ׿һүĶ仹£ֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
ӣǰҲûôġ
ӣһƣ΢΢бü˵Ե
СѾۿʱᣬŻԼԺӣʢһ̲סüʣôǣɨһѾߣͷŵĶԭ˻
ﲻգֱ˵ùմմ۽ǣһ
ʢһףֻĿһۣ͸Ͻȥ
طGٴϸ赤࣬ŮӰʢһۣûҶ࿴ͷѾǸˣ˹ﲻģҲûգֱ˵ǹ
⻰һ˵꣬ھ͸һ
֪ˡ𣬾ͼĿΣүͻˡ
ӣЩȥûۡ
ЩϲҲӦġ
ôţ˼֮ףʲôҲͣҲô¡
ǽյǸׯӡطGЩȥ˵һƬ⡣
ׯӺüĵأոյֻûȣҪǣû֪Żܵ˽
ʢƬ̣֪ˣǼѾ߸δã
ˡֻͷТģƽŻɣû뵽ؼʱ벻ףʵʵҲͰˣƫǹＸ䣬µĹ˭Ҫˡ
طG˫΢أû˿
ʢǧŹȥˡ
ֻͷŵСҲݲ˼̤ûģѾŻ飬ʵ
ճԵ죬ʲʱЩ۶ʲô
ʰͣŵĹ򣬾пѯͼڹ߳ŵСЦǧǰ밲ǽͣѾ߲£ðѾˡ
üĵĵ˵ָףŶ
ǴСӵϸͰѼѾ߸ȥˡ
ʢԼЦҲū͵ˣû£ү˵ˣûԵ˼ЩˣĪ롣
˵˫ַ飬æŹˣЩûбҪ˵ˡ
תߣܿգǿһʹ¡
ʢˣŮ˰ư£ûô£ŮӶΪƫƫ˲ͬ
СϻӣЩˣڶΰɹȥүû

û뵽ǣԼܾСģѴĸٻˡ
ͼԷִ̤ǰߣĶвһĹ
Ƿǳģǲ޷ӴĽײ㣬ҪҲǿԵģǲлƵģҲҪ󣬿ϸܾǶԷƹˣѲʲôҵĹӲɡ
ԺӲԷҲû٣С԰ѣĲ²Ǵġ
ˣ۹һִɰ׵Ĺ΢΢ЩɫͫһȪ׾ٵĽС
ӡԼİ裬ý
Ŀɿڣһ˫һʱ򣬴ޱꡣ
õ鲻
ȻطGĶ΢죬ѡҲĿĵģǵúһЩЩ治ˣϾе۶̸ֽ
ΪβҪطGԼϵİָ
ʵĻкܶ࣬мѵ⣬ԽŲĶƲϵɡ
ֻҪȥ
֮ǰﲻҪҲͰˣ͵ׯӣǵǸ۱裬ֻҪׯڣԴԴϵ
˵ףͷǮͷŲš
Цҡͷׯӣ𣿡
˵˼ȷı
طGҡͷᡣ
ˣôŮ˵ʲôˡ
뵽üšһѲԼˣҪԼܶɡ
뵽ԼЩ־ûˣԷȷʵôģҲôģҲȷеĶΪЩڶԷ˵пޡ
˲ÿģ˲ѹ
ⲻԸգҲûʲôֵˡ
üͻȻЩֻ֣ǿӲүģһƬ⣬ôơ
ҲЩͷͲǸƢõˣΪʵͲ٣˲ԸٳƤֻǲԸҪͱͣôơ
ۼսʢһľսӶίԼˡ
ҿˣʵ󲻹һλ壬⳯йϵҲӲĺܣҪȻһŮھͷܻôˮ
ֻҪԸ⣬ԸȦ¹
ȴطG̾һɣȻϲүͲˡ
ԭΪģûΪǾǱĩˡ
̬ȣã׵ָ˹ԭأɵúЦӡ
ƽͦģŮ֮µʱǴ
طG򣬶һۣү
ܣš
˵ҲķӦֱӵżӡһǣЦ
طGͷĻȫˣ죬ɰͰ͵ĿڣԼæţү㡣˵žͲĴҴҵȥ
ǱӰЩĶӵζĴ̿                        
лҪ˵Ӧûһ¡

 7 

Ŀȥ˵ҪЩ
״ǲϽźֵģ۵ķա
ֿСЩڴ룬ǾЩɣҪȻԼǴȶʱʧģǾͲˡ
С汦к񣬱ҲӭţҪ֡
θУЩҪĶӡ
˳Ҳãݿ㣬ͦȻԽЩȴϡ
ô
ɫܿͰæĽŲմأЩС鶼һɶȿϤӰŻȻ䷢֣ԭѾԼʱ䡣
ӡǳһЦ
طG˵ͷü͵βŵһ䣺Էû
û˯Ļû뵽˵Цһء
ĸԷϽԲأѾˣ͵
һһͣ޷죬ʵˡ
طGͷһҭۣʲôû˵
Сûĵģһ춼ûеǹ
ʳĲһлأźǼҳ
֪ԲԵĹߣȳɡ
Ǹʱģһӣųһˡ
ϧѾ٣ȻԲһˡ
طGĵͷſӵүûԹĲһء
˭ôªǻĲͷҪˡ
ԭڴǸС裬¸ۼˣ󰡣ٶٶĲһ 
˵һϧʢ֪˵ʲôá
طGȴһӦˣһ֪ʲôԣԴЩʣʲô㣿
С⣬ͦϸ۵ģʵ²
㰡ûԹ
ôôҳ˵ٶʶãҲˡ
طGɫհЩһ˵֪ˣͷ˶Եⶫ̶١
ûС
򵥵֣ôüĿЩЦĸһǣطụ̂óԲ
طGĵ˵ͷżˡ
ʢڱһĿһһڳණɵΪ˵ҲǺ棬ӷѾԹˣֳһ飬Ҳ֪θɻá
ʢҲȥԵ㡣ЦӯӯĻָָūǴĵطЦһͷģֻǵСʢˣȥ԰ɡ
ʱӲԵʱūǲܳԶģӶˣūŶȻҲҪԵġ
ʢһүٳһΣûˡ
Ϊ˷ֹζǶҪԵܶ࿹һһⷹˣʵЩԲ
ԼүͼۺвȻǲ׼¶ڵġ
ȣлˡʢһмĽӹɫȥڳԷˡ
طGŲٹעֻ򴺽ǳʣҪᵽԺȥ
һֲ飬бһۣôܲ˸ѣô˵⺢ӻûҲܰëˣ˳ëۡ
ʱһֱڹ۲죬ԷϢǳ׼СԺûŮ˳룬˵ǽԺõҲѡԭ֮һ
ҾͰţػ˰ɡգգۣѡңһһľϤģĲ뻻ط
üĿʹôţȷʵЩ˵ӡ
طGһۣû˵ʲôͱֻһ
ǰԺҲסһңģˡ
һǸпĻسԲʲôǾãȻδ߽׵ķģҪȻô
һʱ޻Σ˲Щ֪˵ʲôá
СǺԵģȻԶϺŵζԴԴϵشһֳȵϢת
ԭʲô־û˼÷ֿα֪̫࣬ʱǣҡ
ţطGüɫ棺ʣʡ
Цҡͷµ򢣬־ôվûסǰһڡ
طGƺߣֱ֪ӶסֵĴꡣ
Ůܰ˰ٱ
ôҲԲطGʳ֪ζղܡ
𡣡ϽͣѪյǾòģոֹЪЪ
Ĳǹ߻ܵԼ
طGȻǼⶼ߳ϸȴĶţֻ¶˫֣Գ˲ƽġ
ؼȰԼ
ü鶯͵СŮ̬ԣ˰ѳֲס
лҪ˵ˡ

 8 

˰ΣطGȥˡ
˵Ƿǳʵ飬һʱ䲻֪ȥƽϢԼ顣
һͷȥ֨ѽһˣŲ΢٣ʲôҲû˵ֱˡ
ڵĴãڰ˸ˣֱϲɺأѵϲ££ž̹Щ
бϣͷŻĺԡ
Ӧ˵Ĺʵ̫ˣЩдֶģѪΪкʵĻڣⶫֻд˶ˣܹϵķչ¡
ҪȻһֱй飬еԹӶˡ
һϴ˯
ڵطGһֱڿСԺ˵Ҫ˯ĳˣһֱûϨһʱĹǰ
˰Σ룬ʲôĹܿ͵ЩΪ
һ˼أһ˯ʮ㡣
ڶһ磬ʱЩ£㣬
Щ𺳣֪ԭ㶼ʮ˾
ⶫûоյĵһʳˣѰѼ䣬Ҳ⡣
ϴڲϣ֪Ϊʲô඼Щˡ
ȷʵ෱࣬ȫµĲ񻰡
СģˮϺȵƤֱ͸ܿϺʡ
ˣ˵ľ͸ӳԲһȷʵԵ𣬵һ㲻ôԣЩ˷ˣǸڼˣ֪һٳʮǿɲ
СͷԼ᲻óԴȼѧˡ
ϧˣпɵʱ򣬾ôûˣ˼ʱʱ
ͷӻúܡ
ϲԵľˮϺˣԼŪıͷʺóԣʱˣͰøԡ
ϺȳȥҲԡ
겻Թˣܾǳģͻ˸ʲôζ
Ҳ
ûж˵ʲôɵİѵӳȥƼ
ùźͳȥϵ£žͼӣʵ¶
⾩ͷһשҲ׹ݣеԱϵأûƵݣľųǻȥ
طGŵСԺȥȵ˾ͷֻ˲˵Ǹͷǹͨ˰죬ûһá
ҹڼ𣿡

أʢԼүʵЩ޼ƿʩ
طGüͷʲôҲû˵תˡ
ԭţʱ仺ҲԼԵûôУ˭֪Է׳нֱء
˵ҲǣԷԳۣҲܰѰСûԼ
ȵæˣͷ춼ˣŻȻ֣ԭԷһ춼ûѯʹǲһ䶼
áδ˵ڣͼʢϴЦĽˣһĿ䣺Ըţȥأǣȥȥ˼ˡ
طGֵڣϲ¶һЦүš
ʢһںڵǾ仰û˵пգõˣǿ治˵
ӵϻҪغģرƽ⣬ͷû
ȵ˸СԺʱ򣬾ͼӣ¶һСϸ۵ͷŹرӼҵģ
ˣӲ˲ϸһЦһҰʢϾͿԳˡ
طGЩ磬ĸ˵Ǿʱһ߿ţʢʱ򣬽ôһ֣ͽԼˡ
˭֪ԼǴҹģѲɼͷѾĽҲҲܹĵ飬︻ء
Щ£ͳˣĪۻ㡣룬Щ᲻ãϽ
ЦΪϴһã㶮ʲô
ǰָẈ̂һʱ䵹ǷֲǴӰЩ͸ָЩ
ү᲻ۡطGǰӹв˵£ϿҵԺүһϻƱûǮˣүҪǡŮˣӦóԿࡣ
ֿ˫һʱЩʧβŴֻǸˡ
ϾĻΣʵҲЩԲסСӡ
طGҪ˵̵Ļһʱ䶼ҭڻִ֣βŵ⣬үˡ
֣һǰ£һ֣صǻ鲻֪㷢үɰҲʱʱ̵̿ĵ㣬οɵɵʳ
ǵһʱȵϺɰá
лҪ˵ĳŵˡ
ģ

 9 

һʱסıɤӣЦĿڣңⲻǷ񳤾ãǳõģǡ
ʣµĻû˵Ҷδ֮ԡ
طGĬĿһۣ˵ͷ¾ҹȥˡ
ȻϲǱ˰ɣΪ죬ʵûбҪ
㡭طG죬һ飺ʲô֡
֪㲻ȥˣҽС㴺ԭ˵ֵģ룬ǶԷȨƱȽϴֱܵٸĵʱ֮һͲˡ
֣طGĬתתϰָʵأʵǽиһֶû͸ˣһ滰
㴺͵͵Ļһɫ棬˰ΣЦſڣмӣĽΣ
Ҷ֣һҲʡ㴺־;ͷµûš
ĽָָԼıӣЩ£ʲô֣ɵúߣĽǲס
ʵĿ֣ĺᣬϧǲܵġ
㿪ġ˵
Ҳв˼գ˳ҲͰ¹򣬾ʰ·ˡ
طGʵûϲ˼ΣԥſڣаƽΣ
ƽϲ֣һǡ
ԭЩԼֵģϾ֣ҪжҪ׾жףˣҲЩ׹͵ζ
Ľƽȣʵ֪˵ʲôá
˵ѧ壬ĵʱһĺ޲ֱӶѾˡ
ľͺá
طGɤӣԼĪҲ֪ԼĲã˶٣ǿյüβŸһͷ㷢ʣΣ
鶯΢ЦģҲ˼ˣ
֪ðڳʲôıҪģãţҲ̫
ʲôڰʾȥң
ôһ룬һЦ˵㻽㴺ǣʲôġ
طGһûж˵Ҳ֪ԼˮƽʵЩǡ
ʵ˵Щͦõģã˵ԸʱҲ⣬Ϊ˼涼Ҫ˵һ伪飬ˣߵȥȥվֻôˡ
ֵܽþͲ˵ˣǰͷͷûҲǳеģźūţǸһһĻʱһ˯ѣ˵ͱס
ЩֱЦſڣղãൣЩ
˵ŲЦӯӯĸˣطGˣ³ˣⲼ˵£үɡ
ǳ˵ģǻʰΪ˱ʾТ˳ЩǱģǻʰ겻ôʶͻ˵Ϊ˶ⲼҲǱزٵģϾⶫǿۡ
ûأô
ǽ͹Ϊʾĸ׺ͣⲼ˸ǰ϶ˡ
ôţĵŴɫ¿ӵٶľڴ˵ҲǸĸй˵ģһ㶼ǣžúãøĸҲĸԸҪ˼ռϲ㡣
ɹӲͬһۣҪʲôһֿµ츳˵ǳöģһС
ͷСº󣬴ϧϾҲǸҪˡ
ЩǳһЦ
طGƤһۣÿɷ
һӽ죬ͽˣʲôζ˵ڿǻͷŷֱӵһ㣬ڸʳıζ
óԡ治ɫĿޡ
죬˵ŵÿһ϶ԼǵģȻϲԡ
ϲͶЩ̵Ȱ
طGͷ¿ӲͣǺϲӡ
ãһӱԳˣбϣ빫ڣЩ˼ĲϽֱӣɤӣʣˣ
طGڶȻ䣬ȴʵĺãòãһֹͷı֮⣬ֶַ
Ͼſǽͷ£һСŮ˻
ˮ⣬Ŀӯӯǧ꣬һ˫һ飬뵽˵Ҳǿ˭顣
ѽطG򣬳õģɦһ£ͻȻͷ
ԣ΢΢ͷͼ̶Ѳ⣬Ȼͱߢסȵԣֻʣζ

𡣡
طG˫ֳ࣬ͷȥԣ֡                        
лҪ˵ұ֣

 10 

ͷһƬ䣬ȴů紺
ѻѻķ˿ͷϣںĹƯˣطGֵĸţɤʣӼͷеڼ
ġϧ
ȴϸʣʱʲô׵ģԷѹûиõģҪȻһ㶼ûŵ˼
ɣ ĺһֵڣѾۣһ˯ȥˡ
طGĬĴ˯գСĺã˯˸˯Ƶã˵ֶ顣
ѽطGϸĵҴҴӣŴǴ͵Ц˯¡
ò˵ζУ֣ҡ
һҹ˯ֻǳ˴˼İŶԣϼкŵζ˵ʲôζẉ̂Щ
ѵúΣطGʱ򣬾ͼЦӯӯۣʣˣ
šƵӦһ
ͷһΣһŮ
˶һۣ񣬴ĽǶȿֻܿԷ򢣬ҹĺ£мĨۣڰĲϣۡ
ȡڵɤӣ룬ñӽԼס̧ЦҪˣ
ǲģطGȻû˵ʾˣһƾܣģЩ̫ðɡ
òõģȻ˵˵òȶԷЩ
ȵʱͣĸﱧѣЩɸ֡
ŮҵЩûú˴յһ֡յѹ˵ͷĹˣԹвõӡ
˵ĿģȴںɵԶԣ˴ĶͷЦڵա
ѭ浸ȽӹȴѪѻľ顣
һʱʹ죬а꣬ʱľʱ治ź
΢ЦҡͷһҲȲѣ˵Ȼѭ浸أȴҲѣΪĹأʱĹزͬ
ɵںԺͷȴңɱѡ
Լҵ׷ԼҪСϸʲôģ˵ѡֺγᡣ
ƤҲˣ̬˭ȥϸĥ
ţģ˵ĶԡЦŻء
ôһ˵ĸʲô׵ģûȥ
ˣūҲܲס㣬ȥĸЦҡͷҲ֪˵Ҳǰ˵̲סҪ˵˵
һùţطGæȥˣҲضã⵽˶գǵ˾͸ˣټһ䣬ҪﱸҪƷôܹӦϣһܴ⡣
ʱһֱæֻҪ׬ˣ࣬ҰĺܴҪһ¡
æʱ򲻾ãȵֵ֮󣬲ŻȻԼʹȸڣһ
󡣡ߺţѾۣҹæ˭ܵ
ԣ㡣
ұߡ
š
ǰЩ
ߺָӣĺ̹пյЦһ֣ǲˣ˰Ǹ֮
մЩȴʣӻʹҪ
𣿡ͳ𣬹ѹ˵дԣˡ
˽򲻿ֵܳĳˣڨڨʣæˣ
طGβŻĵͷʣ𣿡
һۣ֪˴˵Ĵ𰸣ûж˵˵Ե죬ʾЩ󷽱㡣Ϣأ˵ǸգŸС
طGͷүûʲôֲޣŮ˾ˡ
͸¶˼ͼߣ׵ģ˵ǸˣǻǺء
šȻô˵Ҳôˡ
֪ʲôأʣʱܵø˵ţһûС 
طGΣ֪ô˵û£̫ӺͷЩ£Ҫ˵£ǻûС
ޡ˵̫ܣּһ䣺ֵܰ
ǰæȨ˼ˣʼʺƨ»Сأ˲ţˣඨȻ⡣
طGбһۣĻ˵ء
š͵͵Ӧһ
ʧܣﻹзĻᣬֱɥȪпܣһƵã˵Թˣӷ˭ܳԼ˲ˡ
õġ۵µҰƵ÷ŷۣһ˫ǣ顣
лҪ˵ģֻޡ
ˡ

 11 

СЦһ棬оǶ
طGգβŴЦС˵ѣôġ
үһΣҪүţʡ
ɫβЦҡͷ𣿡Ĳ˵ʵطGΪͷۣ״ĹҲЩŮˡ
ãԷ޷Ӧܾʱľơ
ϹɵСֲֵĲţβŻǣϲϿڡ
죬ͲҪЩеûġ
طGͷԭԵģĸģʵϾûмǸóԵˡ
ôӣҲ֪㶼ģ˳ķ˿ʡ
ͷһȻ֮󣬱㴺ȶˡ
ебһۣطGתϰָһˣ֪ںǻȴҪ
Ȼʲôȴǹ֡
࿴үҲԴԴϡ
Цŵ٩
һĵͷԽϣ˵ĻԽûпŶȣȻ̶ʶطGĶѾ͸ˡ
šͷͼԷı˲ζһͻķ˼ԼǲЩףǱ·ƻӰܴ
ɲκβغ뱲ӵҸӡ
ţҪЩܱԱ¶ñ飬ü΢̧ĵ̬
ѽٽˣҪظ갡²ʮ£ȵصʱ׵Уʱȥ꣬ȻæĲɿʱ·ĺûᡣ
طGͷΪǲãЦŵͷ˿ڶ࣬µ׾Ҫʼæˣʱ͵ûظ˶٣˼ǴѯģҪôش
ʵشԼݣţŪһ
ģΪһЩڵĶñ˴֮Ĺϵʣ֪ôģһԤУ֪ݣԷϲ֮
ҲǻµĹ򣿡ָͷϸϸ㣬ʵҲˣ˶ǽ壬ô£ôҲԸˡ
ʲôطGĵʣͻȻһ˿ϲζѲ᲻á
᲻ѽǳЦӯӯü۶رƯĻȡ
һʱǳǧǹ⣬ֱֱ˵ȥ
طGٿֻö΢΢̣ʲôֻ΢΢һ̲סˡ
㡭һڣɤƵĲǿƵģ
ḧ۵طGʲôû˵ֱӽ뻳УǽҪѪ
ڵȴֱ¥Щ㲻Ҷ
һַǳůƣƣƫƫһӵĸоһʱĬҪһѪףֺγǹµ̫Եʡ
ôȵĻʵԾܾ
ӡỽһûж˵ʲôһлȥ
֮ʵĿʼעǲкýģб㲻ҪڴĿֻһǾ·
ôţ˲̹Ȼ࣬˫ۣҲȦסϸ͵
ָпǺãϸϸģȴֽʵȻͬ
ϲطGյڣ΢ڶϣǵڵĶ˶ǡ
˵ĻɬģƮôҲ䲻ʵ
طGǳһЦͻȻ֪ôദˣôһСƽͷһһֲ֪ǺõĸоҲǣҲǣΪѡ
ѽ
꼻һЦЦݣô΢һֱ˿Ҫ̽ѰϸϸĹ۲ųɣ򲻳룬ЦȻмѵζ
ÿ
ͷһЦü鶯ģıɽгԱȡ
֡طG죬𴦣ȴǿ˵
ʵ뷨ûôŮӣһһЦһһģ
Щã֪·׸ôߣʵǲʵǵĸɽǾʹ˳ţû׵ʱ򣬷
ϴ֮󣬱һ¶ǣ̹˲֪˵ʲôá
üģطGͼ֣ʱүһظϲ㲻׵ͷ
տʼʱ򣬻ЩѾ̹ȻˣɫĿڣʱ˵ɣ׸ףĹҲӴ                        
лҪ˵ڴ׸С
ģ

 12 

طGһʱ֮䣬ܺܺõĹԼı飬ǿհһû뵽ԭгһգȻбȰ׸һ졣
ȣʵ죬ȴ֪ô˵
ʵȨһң޷ֺš
ӣ⻰û˵
ɫЦҸأô׸
һ˲䣬ȷʵô뷨
Էı飬Ҳ֪ǲܵģ׸ģǼͷҲˣҲԸġ
ʵЩǿѣ֪˵ԼЦ޷粵
طGϧͷԸ޷ģƬ̣ŵгһգүˣһλᣬүƽϣΣ
ֻܱˣһλᣬҲǸԼһ̨¡
ĵӦһûлõŵˡ
˵ԷֻǸͣѤöҲİ·
ЦЦûûΣһλĹʱʱ̵̿С˵Ĺ򡣡
ЦģɰˣطGӡһǣźЦǣһλ᲻
С߻ˣ˳ţһʱ侹
һЦ壬ոսӴʱǧõģԷκһޱߵʸС
طGЩæǰգпûվҪһȦֻ
ĸ㵣ǵĿǲĸ㵣ǵԺš
ĺߣ̲סȰҵȻЩʲôսսģ
ĸ̾˿ҲǲģӲɾɲԼš
ڹĶˣӵʱ߲ʧġ
ǲֵѾʧģϣ˶ǹ󣬿öˣѾûŮڴ棬ǵĸʵ⡣
ôţ̲ס̾һ
Ҽҵģ˳һңˣӰ㲻ùˡ
飬ô꣬ûӹħġ
Ƭ̣ǣĸ֣һϣȸһȲţɫĵҶ˽ģҲ֪ΪҺãѽ޳˭֪һ
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ˣǰͷţض롣
ĿƵĿĸڿĬȻεѽԱжɣֱ˭ǿء
˵ףԼСȻӣҲʲô⺢ӡ
ô˵ʲô׵ģЦ֪ңҲء
ʲôģ
ͳ𣬴Щɻ󲻽⣬΢΢ζ
ɤӣһ˫һ˳Ƶѽ
΢΢ڻߵ¶ߺͮͮգ۲ɣŸһ㡣
Ȼ֪װ࣬Ըá
šһбɵСЦ§סǼıǼ⣬˳ζ̲סߢסǽĴꡣ
ζ̲סֳԣȴôҲԲ

𡣡
ƾܣǱɽһ㣬ȴȵĽ
ġ𣿡طGʡ
룬ûǵýףɹҪ֡
𡭡ͣ
ЦطGʣǱ𣬻ͣ
ζĻжǣԼȥ
طGƺߣ˫۽Ĺסϸϸ֫޲ֱӽ뻳С
˸˵гһգΪһŮ˶չ򣬱ǣϣȻǲŵġ
֪ΪŲ֪ζˡ
ѽૣֶʵߣȵǣͻȻ˼ɬζ                        
лҪ˵ģүһΪ

 13 

뷨ͷһȴ˸Ҫסʱ⡣
ѽطGãԼ˵ģôһѽа˶Σʹֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
ԺӦһɴ֯ܽʱ£ǲٲ֦ǰ̿ҧҧ΢׵Ĵ꣬ߺ~
طGǼ˲߳ϸ̿ơ
ǻϽֱͣߵૣ~
ϳβ΢΢ѹɤżְġ
طGֱһ飬ɫ࣬С߻òȴֽĽ
ҹɫůŨ
˺һҹӸտʼɬµˮҲ˼չ򣬴¹Ȼܡ
ʱ򣬴Щʹʱ򣬱̲סӴһĸ죬ûж˵ʲôС̰ͼ֣Ҳǳеġ
ȵʱվˣԼ͵ˡ
ıۣѾǶĸױϸµźܵЩԺĻ˯
ҹֵľˣְŵѣʵЩ롣
Ҫٻȥ˯ĸȰ
ҡͷЦˣҹǡ
ܾ⻰ʶͼĸһѾĿβŻܿ⻰˵ķ򡭡˵ķ˶ˣĳŵԶ͵͵򿴻
˵һ룬֪⻰˵ϽʧϵЦʧҲųĬ
ү˶õˣľͲˣ˵ϧѡ
ˣ߰ɡ
һз绨ѩ£Ҫ¡
ΪŮû취̳и׵룬ǱĸǰԸ
ǣֿζǣһ͵͵ĳԣμˣǿϾĸݻˣԶǾۣ̲ס
Ÿ㲻µĸǹϴٶر죬Ǽġ
ţЩѻˣ£ͷԶҲⲻĽᣬµ壬֪Ǻá
ĸ۵ĻһֲȰʲôϾ˵ԽĶԽࡣ
Цҡͷ̤һֱֱ̣ͦиɻ
Ů֧ŻûϹҿǲɵġ
ճţͿʻţϽЦ밲պùҲѰǴˡ
ô˵̽ͷЦȷʵɣ߰ɣȥͷ
ǰЩҪӵˣѾ˵ٸˡ
϶ģϾٶұˣ뵽һ㣬ͻȻЩ£Է֪ģǵʱ·ô죬ܵ˺ܲ
뵽һ֮˲ˣô©һֱûͰûڵܡ
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ˣҲʵʵģĹ±Ǽֵǣɾһƥ
׬Ǯˣð
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طG΢ĵƹ⣬ܿ񾲵˯͸¶һְûеĹɡ
鶯ģǵ㲻ͣĶܲЩá
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طGҡͷˣֱӹˡ
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ȡ
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Ҳǲܵ¡
ְתʢܴܲСʶʢԲžЩʶ                        
лҪ˵

 14 

ʢԼүߣһʱЩǣ֪ôͣβսսĻأūŴС롭ȿȣС븮źûлʶ
ΪƲɾԼ빬¶˵ˡ
طG˸Ͻ򴺽ͼüЩɻ֮ɨӣͣģʢʢġ
˲ţϽǵķһۣ־Լ̫࣬Ȼǲܵġ
ȻھһԺѾӮˣҲɷһʵôСĵطôˣǲġ
ʢ߶һ顣
ʢ
ù߶ΣԼԭȥˡ
طG򣬲ĿڣˣԼĪǴ˰ɡ
ҪȻͲ壬ǳȷϣ֮ʱܼϾʱδ
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Ŀȥ֮Īȴ̫ࡣ
ȴ֪һΣ
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͹֮䣬Ƿʱʶתϰָ𵶵̫ʦϡ
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һʱ벻ҲΪԼˣ˲֣̿ٶ롣
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ڵĳϸϸԡϸ޲ŵˮͷһе죺ϾˣҪլһˣȥˣʡĵʱ򡭡
δ˵꣬ͼطG̤˽üѾ߲ˣֱӰ˷Žˡ
ˡЦ££ɿ£ЩɬĴ
ڵʱǴʵʵģֻԼʱͰôһͷҲûǶ˵ǳ
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˵ڹǲƤȻǼģƤҲãְϸ֬
̱ð棬ְϰȥˡ                        
лҪ˵ģүס
ȷ

 15 

طGһίԸˣͷôˣҲô
ҧԼָ⣬žͱطGˣ̺Ĵ꣬а׵ָ⣬ǡ
𡣡

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겻ǳӴ̰Щټʵϵ޷ʳ֪ζ
ЪգطGҵһʵĽǶȣ̾ô¯ʵ᲻á
ϵ¶ȱҪ࣬Щ̡
ڶպУһֲһοоůȥֲ˼꣬ѣű۾˯ȥ
һѣҲССһţ첲һ죬պǶ塣
˻§ţô۾˯ˡ
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һۣͿطG룬ü͵Ķ糿͸սճ߲͸벻
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ٻЦ꼻һְЦݣۡ
΢β֣ĸգǳЦŵöЦЦĵЦݣһֱЩ˷ˡ
طGֹ˹Цݵײ緽Ȼˡ
ĿЩԶ޶˵ʰۣϲŭ
ҪϲŭɫҲһֱôģԼ˾µʱҲûЦˡ
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ֵûֻȥͷѽ˺һʱ件Цﲻϡ
طGýϵëܿɰ׵ļϸ弫ˣĴ֡
޵ʹڵĶ˶㣬ܿȵĺһַǳԸеƣԸвʡ
˫ȵ˵ţɬıῪڣ
ЩһҲߵ¡
طGһڣŷߣ͵͵ĿڣˣүǼɫˡ
룬ǣǡ
ԭϸǳģʵ۲ѣϸȦŵʱرζ
š͵͵ӦһԼӦЩ
ǰûֹһֱҪʲôʲôûԥҲ֪طGôģӦǺŮ˰ɡ
еǳּеͻŮˣ뾭ѵġ
ʲôҪԭҪ·ģ̫ˣûʧǵס
Լʰãֱ
ƵĲ絽ϣЦѽǸˡ
ȱʲôʱ⻰ȥģƲˡ
طGҲǸŮˡ
⻰ôһҭ⹷Ҳˣ˵ǸŮأΪõһˮ֪ء
Ȼˣǵµ˼ġ
ԺͷǴСģţȻ˵ʲô˾ͲһˣʱһýģҪȻ֪ˣνӶӦȥЩ
طGȦүŮˣǺǻֲ˵Ҳɡ
ıе뷨¶ˡ
ЦЦšһѣԵ
ò˵⻰˵οñǻˣһַǳĸܣȻͦġ
㣡šطGüݺݵ߬ס֣סǲֵĴ                        
лҪ˵ģŮ˺ѣšү

 16 

ʱ򣬴ȻãһܾˣϸϸҲչ
ʱ䣬㲻ࡣ
ɳȵǣůĻһû䣬ȫˡ
ɡЦ۾ңĽ١
˵ϱӡԣϱӹˣⱲӲծġ
طG򣬿Ҳ𴽽ǣеǴһֱǡС᲻زã֪Լôʱ
ЦһЦ;ģü븧ƽüˡ
¶Ϊ
ȿȡںˮһʱǺˣЦŽ£ůĻߺѽ
˵־òԣֵĿڣǵ˷纮㲻ˣʡȾϡ
ϸϸüΪǵˣطGûסס̺Ĵ꣬ϸϸ˼£źЦү¡
أĻΪС
ǲ˵̫ģһСľͻ
չطGбϣŴȵӸͷյĺͮͮģ촽ҲƤˣһͰ͵ӡ
Ѿ
Ц˵ѸðȾˣԼͺˣȻһ㶼ٵġ
طG˿ȣĿڣүȵˮͳɡ
һۺҩ˶ˣڴǰΪչʾԼӺţڶԷȷʾҩʱ򣬶룬һҩȵ
Ŀɿڴ˴Ĵָ޵һţ;ôӵĿࡣ
˵Ҳûţֱһһ±ը˵ζ١
ˣóȥæ
طGæʣκģЩˣȴǼǿߣɼҵǷǳˡ
šԽԽҪֵҪ˲ķˡ
ôţžѣԼŷĵߡ
ԶԣĿȥֻ̾һ䣬Ǻƴӣܿ˷ԼĶԣ󲻹ʲôȻɹġ
ЩɣȻҲȥƴܶϢʱҲûԥġ
⡭ĸҲЩ£ȥıӰֹβŻͲŵ㣿
ҡͷʲôģֲֵû
Ҳʣүæʲôء
ĸ˵һ䣬üͷĸΪͲ˵ʲôˡ
үʢ
һϤϣ϶ģʶġ
ֲһĸоܼˣüͷ죬ûһͷ״Խ̫ˣǰ£ࡣ
޶˵ģԼ֮ǰһССĲ²⣬δ˵ڣֱԼˡ
ľųͷôסڡ
㶺̫ˡ
Цҡҡͷ̲סһЦĸʣİԼ²˵ˣҾľųͷģ˵ЦЦ
һ˵ΧȫЦĸǵ˵ĶͷЦĺϲ£죺̰ȨܼƷԱͷҲոˣͷФ룬˰ˣѽ
˶û£ôЦŹȥˡ
һ£Ҳǿɲһ˵ãҾء
˵ԼţЦ
ֻ棬ܵӦһǣʣͷġ
仰ģҶ۾أûбȹģ⻹˵⡣
һ£˾֪ҲǿҲҿġ
үʱѾˣòϹޡ
ϾС˼ңɫʵЩֻˣ㴫䣬Ҵģʱվˣ⻰ͻζˣǴʲôǶ޷ֵġ
ټϴҲˣһֱ˼ҵĹҲôĸо
Ϊ缸䣬ֳһţһŸæȥĸ˰죬ﲻþչʣҪֱүʲôģҲʡԼ¡
µõȥҲ²ס
Цҡͷʣһ˿ˣȻ㵫ѣͻţҺӸװɣӡ
ʱûû˵ģԷһףǸҪԴ
á
ЦһҹתͱĹԵôĵӡ
ԭûô·ģƫ£תһȦպ󳵵ĳǣǵ˶ɵӲɡ
Ǹʮˣݳϸ۾ž⣬򴺽ʱһҲһƽֶŮ˵ʲô
ۺӣ˵ôʲôˣõǻȥڸˡ
һԼüٽǣͿİӣ赭дİݳˡ
ˣɸ£Ť͹ٸȥһЦ浱ǲèƽɿ̧ˣǸ׵ֵܣһֻ۱һֻۣҶȥҲ͹ȥˣ˭֪ô䱾һǲֱˡ
˵飬ھǹٸһʱ֮仹Ӧһʱ䶼֪Լðʲôˡ
ֶŮΪţ㶼ôҵģ
ŭӿŭշȥģйһ˿Թԣ
⻰һΧԭҪ׽ɵ˶ʱЩԥˣ֪ҪƱˣøͷֱӻֵЩ㻹Ǹҵʦȥ粵ɡ
Ļԥϻȴɷ˵ǰֱӰɸ׽ˡ
ȵ꣬ȥЩ
һԺӣͿĸֹһȥƣүˣصأȵеã塣
ĸ˵ȵЩãʵǶã
ʱһĹˣһֱͷûЩˡ
Цڣǹ˯Ȼദʱ̣ǸʲôˣͷģΧŮתΪŮ˵ǣԼ
ĸʾţôأԼԺ˯Ŷ̹Ϊʲô˯
ȴңÿʵʱ򣬾ͼطGȵţر˯š
ɣˣ춼ˣ˯⵽ô죿Ѿ˯ҹˣɲ˯ˡ
Ӧһ˯˹ȥ
ԣǰ̽̽Ķͷǹ̵¶ľ
дԸüʣôãǾûƣ
ʢָֻűôźġ
ʢԶԣѾǲ˵һУôܽ뷿ǽƣ˵Ѿߣﲻڣүڣôý
Ҳûڵȹܳʲô¡
һۣûٶ˵ʲô׶ᣬҲû뵽ճϾôˣ˵չ˲ԼҲЩˡ
ˣȥӻ֣Щļ
ڴϣ
طGֽţ̵ģ֪¶ѾȶˣŽ⿪ëһ¡
˿Щˣһҵүɲˣǵʵʵټһӣͺˡ
ڴǵ棬ҿ˿񣬳˲ͬ
ĸһߣĵȰ⻳ûϻأļŰүŪûˡ
˵СԺͷûˣҲծġ
ĸ𾪣ֱӰүŪͷҪȻҲ˵ôȻǰǵˡ
һʱûü׷Щֻƶ˵ɶȻõĺܿ졣
⸮ͷߵˣСԺūææȥˣȥˣһʱܳ
ԴܿͰԼ뷨ˣȵʱ򣬿ҲŴӵۣϽʵЩѸٿ˷ӣҩȥ
ûܣΪܲʱǿ档
˾ͺˣ治þûˡ
۴˺ˣȶҪһ֡
ƵţĿڶʹһ£Ǹ꣬ţʵۡ
ūŵôүȥڡȣڸͷܵõȽϺõľΣﵽ׼ªЩʢЩĵ˵
ʵ̫ҽæģЩҲе٣ûعǣö˻
ճҲµĽǳʲô£Ҳܻˡ
ӵĿʢβŵ˵ͷ
˵ףԲ˳ģûеŲûؼҡ
үءطGԺۣ⻰ԡ
ǻˣһεĿƣͰ׷ˡ
ŪˮطGǿȻյ޷۽ôһ˲䣬ﻹ˺ܶࡣ
һγ̻࣬رȻǲĵģûбõĻˡ
αء͵͵˵һ㲻ٶ˵ô±ǮͼȻСǾͲܹܵˡ
طG񣬻㱵Цһ£ҲʹԼαء
ӳⷽ٣Ҳƽ                        
лҪ˵ģүܡ
ۣôôա

 17 

ͬӷƾʲô͵Ҿ˵ð䡣
үпŵҲһ͡
Σֻ׵ΪҴҴǣԵı㲻ٶ˵
ˣΪȽŸ»ˣ
ʲôӲİģııùнյ
һʱ޻طGյûһԺ˯ȥˡ
糺죬룬ƽʱֲͬ޶˵˼ɫ
ѽЦҡͷ˯ðȡŵسȥˣԭţȥˣ˭֪·ֳĲӡ
ʢˮطGѳˣһĲţԷְ˼֣ȴҧš
ֱֶ˶Ϥ侢ֻطGűǿȥ
⼸ǲ˱ǲδ㲻ˡ
ôһ仰طGҴȥ
ıӰ̲סüıЩʲôճҲı֮һ˵ܳŸı
СּЩĸۺӣǱ˵˵۵ɣãǶƽﶼôܵġ
ĸ˼ʱһ˸磬ԷŵУҪʲôʲôû˵ʱ
ֻԼɳˡ
һ߱ǺüգһֱûãЩ㲻ͣͶʢڣԵ˶һãʲô֪
ǵſǽͷŶԷճĵطúõĶã굱緢ӳⷽ١
ĸֹβͲסỽ
΢΢ͷˣ
ͼĸǸһۣʲô׵ģֻЦŵ
ֻҪϵ͵ģĸ˵û
ɴţһзӦûУͷҲҲƣ˯ӦûУȻûϣ⻹ʲôעġ
ĸдʵ˵ô࣬ЩȵʣһҼҵģ֪ࣿ
һЩСϱû̵ôġ
ֿһ۸ڣǵСϸЩź˷ݣЦʲô֮ǰϸϸˣθ֣
ִˣʲô֪ףܸõ
ĸӵĴŴԶǸһĽС妵Բһ۵֭ˮ
СʱСɻˣʲôĸˣĸˣĸֱ֮࣬ʤ
֪ǼٵģģȴȺůڣ޲ýһǻѪȫ˵ϡ
ˣȻһʱ򣬱̫࣬ÿÿںͷ׷ʣγǱȲԵʡ
ˡ
ĸۿˣϽοⲻǺ𣿴Сͻң󰡣һˡ
Ц˵ţĸӿ޲ֱӽû
˺ˣĻޣЩЦãĸǸӣû뵽ôƸС
ֺһǰĸ˼ýᣬߴˡ
ɵһЦҲæԼȥˡ
طGڣӻֻһ磬ĸɫЩ
ˣЦʡ
ĸԥԥĿڣ᣿Сʱ򵹻ãֻ֮ǰ΢΢ˣۡ
ϣĻ˭Ҳ˵ķʡ
һۣӵУͷ
ĸһ˼ˡ
ѽѻ졣ҲͰˣʻúʡ
ɣҲʡжϡĸڵ
ԭЩԣ˳Ȼͦã룬ҲǼõġ
ɡӦ¡
־пר︾ƵŮҽƷأҲʲô
ͷţĸЦŵСѾЩ̹ʶơ
ŮҽЦվȽŸͷһ¶ʲôûԸˡ
Ů˲ףϧҲԸæ档
ֻһ֪Ѿ߲Ѿߡ
ߪ֣ϸۣһƵãѾߣӡ
ްĽϸϸʣʵû֢״ɵЦˣСӽŲ̹
δŮҽͷĿĸһϽŮҽš
Ůҽ۽һֻƼɫ½Űƣɵһ
Ҫ⾩ߣȨȵˣƵģҲûҡ
˼ĴСԺסŵģҲǸ
뵽ŵֻ֣־ãһǶôӦ
طGŮҽȥ̲סüͷҴ߽ңʣˣ
ղѲˡ
һÿӣͶһ˫ɵ˫
~ỽյĿڣˡ
Ůҽƹ˵念ǾûˣٹŹһ£ϣбꡣ
ȴ֪طGѰѻѻķ˿ɢţĵһССģƴ󲻹ˡ
ü⣬ɵֻ۵ĺ޲ð                        
лҪ˵Ȼû
ģҺû

 18 

˼ղ˴˶ЩˣطGڴϣ
˵пˣģ߲ʱӨ״ǷŹ⣬һһЦ˵ݡ
ɡĵĿڣ˵طG΢Գȴˡ
еˣԼõС磬ĶϲϺ⣬Ũʱˡ
˵Сʤ»飬ãֿƬ̣ʵĽ
طGһָĶͷϸϸĸܰΣŷĵûȣԼĪû¡
ոպãնԼµȥ֣һعְδֱιȥˡ
պ̫ӱһֵһƲһǼġ
Ĳ̫ӵŬһҲ˸顣
ôţЩ񣬰βŻϸչԼ壬Īүġ
Ѿܶˣ
ӣ򣬹ɵͷŤ΢գССΪԼȡû˵ء
ۣǷǳġ
طGδŮ˵֣ҲδԼгһջô˵
ˡЩɬĿڡ
ɰͰ͵ĻЩһ̧ͨĶʱЩȻ¡
šҲɰͰ͵ӦһڵıĲҶ˵ʲô
һʱеЩ죬˿棬ӿֱӣֹȴֲ֪˵ʲô
ɡµĿڣһ˲䣬ȻϨһ仰˵
طGԭǳ̹Ȼ㣬ҲЩ죬һ̹ȻڣүżٵǰԺúˡ
̫үĶ䣬˵Ҫʱ壬Ķÿǡ
⻰̲סһ̾ϢճȥضԷϧ
˵ҲǣǹĵأüҲ۵ĲˡûϣǷҲûá
ֻŻŵһˣԷôԴͷͲþˣı˱ãϲˣңʵĵĽ
ô˵һûţȥϯطGʱдʵȻѧѧĲǰпգٶ飬ҲǺһ׮
ʵţͷó裬򲻵ѣ߿ƾٵ·ҲǼõġ
ԼŬģôҲҪúá
طGϯֿСѶԲϯھҲŵˡ
˹ϧ֮Сʵ򱻡
ϧ֮Сʦ֣ʱʱ˵ʴϻۣϿƳؽ
ϧһţһȣⱲ޿硣
ºͲҲȤ顣ֿ䡣
طGβŻͷү֪ˡ
ϧ֮Ŀ򴺽գգۣ
ĸʲôƵãǵɽ̣˵ʲôǷˣֲЩ
ֻ޵ֻν֣ɶϴʲô˵ˣֻеͷķݡ
˶һۣ޲ֱӻ磬аֺгƫƫڴǰֵðס˵ǳˡ
ģҶȥһЦЦԶˡ
һطGɫӱԹϧ֮ӵĿ⣬ǳá
˵ģ֪סﰡϧ֮˹Ƥӣ´طG
һӵĻʲôҲ˵ڮٵĻתתʲôû˵
۹⼫ãеɳͦΣһһжϺ֮Ȼһ䣬ȴĿӢ쪡
סǶطGĵĻأģǡ
ʴôɡϧ֮ͷٶ˵ˣһתʼҵȻԽ˵Խľ
ճ˴꣬ڿҵܰѹģɸǰɱǲѷ֡
룬һδ²ǰʯͷԼĽţûô˳
طGĵĻŻͷȴĥŴ֣ԭԭƭġ
֮ǰô²ģ泾䶨֪ʱⲻɬ
ڹϧ֮Խ˵Խʱʱ׵ԺĿԷҲ
ǣ̸ۣˮһһů˵̫б˶֪
ĵԣĶӹУòˣˣеǻᣬɡ
Цشкϧ֮Цϴ˵ҪԻҰңһʱûᣬպãҲˡ
طĢм俴˿̲סüͷ
ôһ˲䣬ﶼһϷòϣλò˫ȫʵŮۡ
ͼֺһֱۣӰеĺɰӵϣЦ¶¶ģҪҪǸߵ㡣
Ǹеġ
طGɫӱӾݲѿԼŮˣҲŷִ硣
ϧ֮һЦӹɰ˿Цˣһ̳һлˡ
ͷɣ̳ӣɽ
ʦ۵ı飬̲סЦʦֲȾƾͰƣ˾Ͱղţʱʱһţ˭ǰһ̳ߣǸƵá
طGɫ
˿ȣʾԼĴڸУȴϧ֮Цڣ̳ӣܸˡ
ûƹ˲ͱ̳Ӹע
طGж͹Ӿжෳ²ã룬ҪԼ˵ŵġ
ͷЩ޼£ϵ
㡭͵ͿڣǰǣסС֣һǰߣر˵Ŀڣ룬дܣ֡
˵һóϧ֮ʱҭһ£Ȼ
лҪ˵ϧ֮ʶʱ㻹͡
ģүˡ
ϧ֪֮
ģүˡ
ϧ֮ʦ֡
ģʧˡ

 19 

Ĳ֮ǹЦЦȥһЦ
ϧ֮¶ЦݣתطGλˣԼһ¡
оع֪Ⱦƣ㲻ȰˡЦӯӯؿڡ
䣬ϧ֮δЦͼطGִžƿƱеƣһĵǿͣ۲ȣֻСü˼ɡ
ӵȻֻó˵ļƣ͹ϧ֮Цǿˡ
һ˵ţƫɫ֣£޷ܾ
ȴ˵ʲôͼϧ֮ЦɣôŰɡ
ȥһ̳ӾƣôˣֻæԼȥˡ
޶˵ģȻһԼĸо
ȴ֪طG˰֮ģ߽˼ŵ֮ٮٮߡ
֮ˡطGƾ̾
ϧ֮ҲϿҵͷү˾ӡ
ϧһʱЩѷ˼ֱʱһߡ
ȵ߹ϧ֮صҵʱطG޲ڣѰ˲ţ
룬֪ôشСһ𳤴ģʵ÷ѹ
Լײġô˵ҲûȷʵԼģûѹ˵ס
ȻطGȴˣΪĽǧټƵİԼ
ϾʱߣҲǳе£ӲɼС֮
ʹĶ࣬ԥĳڮ٣ˣٲܿˡ
ۣӡ
һۣɫ棬һΪõı顣
˵ͷû˼˵ԼҲܴˡ
Ъɡ
š
ܾԼʲôڶԷ׹ʱ𣬿Ͱ͵Сˣǲɡ
طGһ£ûӦʲôСӣβͷˮ
£ү㡣
طGСȦסĶӣʣ𣿡
Ȼǲ۵ģߺĿڣۣҪס
Է˹εεҪס
ûһطGͱŪһֻɤڣԣ֡
ǲ֣㲻ˡ
ǵûв֣΢΢̧ͷϸϸĿµǣЦѵϲ𣿡
ϲϲܡ
Ǽⶼ߳ϸٶýϸϸȥӣЦ˯˯ɣղš
طGӽӲԣһҶ
ҲĶŪ̫㲻ٶ˵Ҳű۾
˾˰ΣûһOO@@طG͵͵ʣʲôȥ
ѹ˯ˣ֡
һ³˭֪ˡ
ţȥطGͷڵϹģѾҲûź򣬱˼аţһߵͷɣҹ𶳵ˡ
ֻһ룬;޷ܣִҪͷȥһţͱ紵һͷ
ɪɪ²ꡣ
ĿͰ̧ͷ˿ͷطGţǵǣ͸ű磬ӰӰ´ܿӰ
ҡ죬޷Ӱ
ǳȥɡ֮Ҫһ̫ͷԣЩܲˡ
طG˵ͷţǵƹϣԼȥһߵүȥĪͳɡ
ȥıӰЩжģʱԸŮ˵˿ɲˣᣬԼҲš
šϵϵϽģôҲϿҲ̲סֺ
˯ɡ
˻ȥطGĺԺ˯˹ȥ
طGҴҴӣ˯
˵Ҫݼ٣ڶһطGæȥˣϧ֮ʱѾӰ
ԼҲҪȥæϧ֮ץסˡ
ȱæ㡣ɫ࣬ĶŵϣԳ
ЩĪɵǣڵʲô
Сһʦ֣ǵ׸ġ
ܿͺԼôɣֻϧ֮ʵְҵְҵʵЩһ֪ġ
ֻĿΣûԵģϧ֮ŭ壬޲ƿͷǹͷʲôڡ
СС죺ҶҪֿô
дʵĻڹϧ֮Ŀ½Щ
һֱδȢͻȻȻ𴦣Сʣ֪ΪΣ
ɪҶ£ǽƵҶϣƾ˼ɪȻ
ȻִӣΪΣ˵ġ
㲻ǵ𣿵ѽϧ֮˫ȭ
ʱҲǿƵᣬˣŵ
һ˽ŵգϿ
֪ܻ꣬Ӧ˵һֱ֪
ʦ֡ɬڣ
ϧֻ̧֮Զ
Сš
˭֪һȣڣԶһˣ϶ϱ˵ˣνܵˡ
ʶʮ꣬ȴԼһʶʮġϧ֮̾һҪķ
δȥ㱻סܶ
һͷͼطGɫĶ
һַǱŭʨգۼͻᱩˡ
ϧ֮һ۴ͼɫţſڲ֪ôͣ˲˰أ죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴ޷
սֲ£ҵԼСƢСҲµ֣
־ΪһԼҪˡ
Цһ̹ȻʲôûзһЦ򴺽ЦСӷſ                        
лҪ˵ϧ֮Ȱˣ䡣
ģΪ㡣
ϧ֮һ֮Ҳ֪
ģס

 20 

СӶһطGɫ͸ˣһĿŹϧ֮ϧҲԺ
ĸܵΣգɤӣͻȻЩ顣
շͼ˶ʱеҪȴ˼
޳֪ô
ϧ֮ЦЦСӷſ
˵ʵڻ˵Сӵģûˣһ˵ģǰδС
طGɤӣδڣͶԴί˫ʱȻ
ԭǹϧ֮ð˵Щ߰ģ·غվ˽ǶϣȷʵЩԽܡ
ֿһʦ֣ʱü֣ܼܲɫ塣
ɿлú˵֮硣룬ôĽǶȰ˵
طGɹıЦˣЦүŮˣֲȾָ֡
ϧ֮ɫҲطG֣Ǵ˵ʲô˵ηİ㡣
طGüӵĴˣͻȻ飬뵽һԵ⣬СʦȼδѲɾǹϧ֮
ҲǣôһſϡģǾ˵ˡ
ǣǶ֮䣬ֲ˵طĢ̧򢣬ü΢۷
˵ͷЦǣҵ£˶ܲš
ϧ֮
طG
˼仹δֳʤأһʱ䶼ˣʱЩԡ
㡭طGְѹϧ֮Ƴȥ˳ְ˨ϣۿ򴺽оΣζǽǣŵ͵͵ʣү޹أ
ȻŲô˵ģǻͷ˵ζˡ
ͷҲ㲻ʲôɣ˼ʲôܵ¶ˣͷô˵ǿĶ˰ء
ϧ֮įڴ𣺡ѡ񣬲ʲôľҶġ
⻰طGͷЦҲֲͷȥİɡ
һ̧Ͷϴйϧ֮񣬶ʱЩΣ˹߻Ͻͣۻ
˵Цġڡ
⻰طGûӦֻ֪Է˵Цޱȵ档
ӿֳΣգβŴյߵүһƬģ㾹֪ô
⻰˵ʾ̧˿̲סüһ̰˺Ӻ󣬶ȻҪ˵ģ񳤾á
ǹģʱǷ˸ծҪô˵
ϢڸǵĲôԷҪ֪ȻҲǿԵģţ˶ౡңʱˣԷ᲻Ǹ⣬ǹͷԷһҪѰǾͲˡ
ε֪˹ԼĻ˵ڣֻ̾˿糤֣ҷЩ
ǲƫ˼ˡ
طGףһ˿ˡ
ԶǲƫһȻϰˣɻǾãڴˣǸⲻͬģ֪ԼǱƫǸʱǳӣЩܡ
˵ףδڣɣζδ飬ҲǺӺ
ôһ仰˵鶼Ϩ˶٣ǿžǿڣүʲôֲܡ
һƬžһۣ˵ͷʾͬԵıʲôû˵
áطGֱ̤ͦ˳ȥ
ıӰнԶӣͻȻԼǲЩǻϣˡ
ϧ֮ҲЩĶŵ˲סԼı飬ֻ΢΢й¶һ˿
ĲȻĿڡ
һֻۣӣĻӻ֣ʾҲߡ
ɹϧ֮յõϢͷߣļƻ©
Щµ̧Ĺһͷϸϸ룬û©
룬ϾϯӶ࣬˭Ϲٸ飿Сĵ
ͷֻΪӦٸûô룬ʱ򻻸طסСѸĹ±ˡ
˵öൣǰʦأݵһ˹¿ꡣ
ЦҡͷͲҿǵķΧˡ
ô˵״˼˼ǣϧ֮˵Ǹҳס
üɵЦȻǼٵġ
ϧ֮ǳ۵ĸһõĻֻҪҼٳףʲôҶǲܵģңҲҪһײǣ֪ҵģʲôԸҲںԺٷְٵɡ
ǳЦջ󣺡ϱҵ֣Եĸƻûг롣
ɫЩ⶯˵˵ӣҲû˿ϼ޸ңǵҲʦֲô˳Ц
Ǻ˵ˣȳȣҲҪ޸
Ȼ֪һģϵ⶯ûˣĮܾҲãٳҲգˣֻǼٵġ
ֻܾк󻼡
ʲôٳףһһŮ쳤ؾõ̧ͷͷ뷨˵ϧ֮һǳˣʫȴظ뾭ѵˣҲûԷ˵ʲô
Сʱ֣ҲæŵĶࡣ
ЩҲģ˵ǽһٸҲ治ֺαǿڡ
ɣ֪ģֺαءͷϳԭҲһѵõ¡
ϧ֮˵⻰ͻȻһԼְѵݵ˺ԼĸоһֱЩˣ棬ʣ㵱桭ôϲ
˿Ľ䣬طG²ŷƵת˻߳Ժˣ־òԣⲻǰѴƸʲô˰죬Լ뷨ǵת                        
лҪ˵20
ģҪġ
ĻҲҪ˵ġ

 21 

ǣŴĻ
ԣҾôϲ
еĲݾɢ̲ס𴽽ǣ¶һĨǳЦ
ǡЦˣϧ֮ɬͿӵˣһ̾Ϣʲôû˵ˡ
һʼˣӦó͵ġ
ôţįĵ׵ɬҪǣؿڣغ򶼲ܹ˲ɡ
ϾڱˣͲǡ
뿪˵ˣôһ壬ҲʵҸֺαء
δ䣬֣ʱЩ֪˵ʲôãЩ˾Ǳƫģƣʱĸոպá
⡭ڣ˵˵ˣ𣿡
طGЦĵͷ үš
˵ŵĻϵЦȴôҲֹס
ɤӣϱסЦ⣬Щ־ĿʵĿڣ˵ˣүЩ㣬үĻЩүȥ
ϧ֮ɫӵĿһۣЩģߵˣ·졣
֮޲û𻨴磬ͷ˼ˣ·ĸɱ޴طGЦʧĮ
ү㡣˳Ų죬Цڡ
Σ͡
ϧ֮ҭһؿڣЦˡ
˵תߣرĮ顣
˱ͷ֪˵ʲôˣ²߲꣬ɣôɵӣ徭۵ʱĸ
ˣҲǵģַˣĿҵô죿ЩȻνģʦֲƽϣɸɼƽϣǾˡ
طGף濪ڣ̵ܽҵģû
ⲻǴţʵʵĻ
ҭһ£һۣʲô˵ˡ
ֻʣˣطGۣЦСӣ϶ȻҪ㡣
֪ҲʡĻпЩ۶ӡ
ʦҲǵģӶѱ߲ݣ޲磬Сʦöǡ
һۣʲô˵
ĴãҪȻ֮һ֣Ƿˣ᲻زã˲֪˵ʲôãͽ£ȴҲ鷳ˡ
֪ԼĲãһ㶼ûԼĹˡ
طG򴽣ûŹһҪĸоȻүһ𣬾Ͳˣ𣿡
գ΢΢ģ˴ĵ
ȻҪٲһ䣬ͼ˵ͷɵ˽οƣſ飬ҲЩ̤ʵ
طG°͸ϣ
ú룬ԼԴʲôоˡ
ԭҲһʱ˭֪ζ˹ղܡ
ۣԼո£һ㶼ҿ飬ôĿסˡ
һһգ֪ϴ멣žܵסպ䡣
һ繦ͷЩӣԺۣЦ˵ƣͷһҹͷǸͷء
ʱѩǺ£ʵ޲ܶǷͷȥ
첲һ߹ǵı
˵ЦţطG̤˽Цˣүѩ̡
ʵˣš
ҲЩ⶯Ҫ𴲼䣬ͳȥѩ̼ҡڡ
Ǳˣߺɣ䰡ҲҪ𡣡
طGЩʧȴǵͷɣ˯
ĲôˣֻʢһѩС𾢡
ɡȣͰ͵һ
ǲܸģطGѩ˵Щ棬ѩɸ״һߴź֣ͮͮЦѽú档
ɹֱЩԶԡ
ĬĬ£ӣŶԷ𾢣ּӿٶȡ
ȥϴˣطG˿Ҫڻѩ裬תͷȥԺӶѩףƯˣôһ򣬶ëѩƮ䣬׹ٶȣһַǳĻȡ
СеѩҪһÿС͸
տʼ֪ʱͷɬģϸϸƷζ־ôĺãɲǴһֽĲ񻰡
ʲô
طGĲûͲ룬Ȼܳɹġ
Ȼǹ𣬾˵үæһЦӰԶԶĿǸݶ²⣬Ӧڡ
ĸЩӦһתŵӰ֪«ʲôҩ
ôѣ
طGʧܵһ磬һѩ
лҪ˵ģкѡ
һʱŶ֡
ģѡ
20
Ԥա崩֮ɫɡ̫ӵĹ£ϲСɰȥѼ

 22 

ѩֲǱ
ЩʧĴڵһţ룬˶ΣֱһԲཱུСѩˡ
ҲƴСôŻͦɰ
طGͷƣͳţһƣе㴩ȹӵ˼ڡ
Ū꣬ԶԶĺ~
ĺһ㲻ٶ˵ֻ¿裬ⶫžӨ͸ģͦ˼ġ
ôţͼطGСʲôƵ߹
ɣỽһͼԷ߹еСЦƣ㣿
ȻǲģһۣŽӹϸϸţԲཱུѩͷһڣ˹ţЩ㡣
طGãⲻѩϣüģڵɤӣЦ
ȷʵˣʱûСŮĽߣʱ˵̬ȣ£˲֪˵ʲôá
ڴţβεͷƲữ˲֪Ǻˡ
ôӣطGһУһӣرĳŵǻˣүٸŪ
ѩֳɵģⶬͷȱҲѩ
ͷǷ˴̨ϣһȽϺõλãѩ˻һЩȴ̧ͷͷƵüĵط
ˡЦк
üûΪֽ˲ԸˣԲõ
˵ͿطGεĶǲ˵ʲô㲻Ҫİ
мۺ죬Ҳû취¡
˵ˣûпܵģһǣȻ֮ΪŨһ׵Ĵá
ҪȻҲǣôοԼȴЩ޴롣
˵Ĺ򣬾ͼϧ֮ʩʩȻ˹ǺĸطGҾкָֻӵ硣
ȴ˵ʲôطGǰк˵ķ˵ĺ㣬Źϧ֮΢ЦЦǴСһ𳤴ʦΣô궼ûٯٯģٿˡ
лˡ𵶵һϧ֮ҲֱӵǰҸ㽲ѧ⼸ЩЩúõĲˣˡ
Ҳǽһ£֮ǰһҹȥˡ
˸Ƿ̵ȥ˲Ǳʲô¶ûС
кܶȥûһֱŮ鳤
һߣ˼˲ûôгˣʲôѧǲڵģѧˣ˴˵彲徭㵽˶š
طGԹϧ֮֮ģҲΪ֮ǰʱԷ˲𾪣ʶŻ֣ء
ҪȻݣôƽ
˵Ķˣϧ֮ģطGΣ֣صԸҸĻţ
ĻŶһڣϧ֮һ˼ҲõĻţǶƷˡ
ùӸ߿һֻۣϧ֮ǣ븮£ǹӲҴ£ȥѰΡϧ֮˹֣ش
һطGϧ֮ģֺγһϧŴԵڣʱҪ伣ģҲֲĻš
طGЩźȰͼ̵˽û˵ʲôһ䣺Ҫ
ĽνڣҲ湻ġ
ȻҪıȽ϶࣬Ҳôϣʱǲסְ׽ˡе˵ţһ㶼ûϡ
ȴ˶ЩɵҲЩ
طGЦ΢΢üүˮƽʲô⣿
ɤӣû˼˵ɫ˵ˮƽһ㶼ûԷˮƽΡ
˵հɣСȷʵÿϾСϸֱ˯
ţȻǼģֻϧ֮ѧʶǸ׶Ͽɵġ
Ǹ׵ѧһģ治ࡣ
Ȼûֱ˵طGĲԷδ֮ԡ
㡭ˡ
ƳһۣطGٽͣСǸʲô²ǱȲֻè
ϧ֮ƳһۣпϷҲˣʲôҪףʦ־ͦã⹫ģôףһʼҪ뿪ء
ʦ֣ûȥˡգգۣʾζŨˡ
ϧ֮طGбͷҪ֪˵ʲôˣŻңַӾʹĺʹ                        
лҪ˵ģϧ֮ʲôʱߣ
ϧ֮ʲôʱߣ
ʲôʱߣ

 23 

طGֻЦδôԹϧ֮һ죬Ҳԥĸߡ
ʱһǶһӵģҲһӣûһӣûеɵĿܡ
ɴʱˣһʼûһӡ
ϧ֮֮ԺֻʣˣЦĽƷǰЦŵһֱû˵ԼϲʲôĪǲ
طGͷġ
˵ԵжǼûмģҲʷԵġ
֪ԭ̶ִ֮СҲܳԡ
ڲʳɣסڵĿ䣺ãⶼԣŻὡ
طGͷʾȷʵˡ
ǺóԲһ㶹磬Цⶫۣʵѵò
ȷʵѵãʼרŵůɰռûУͷ˻裬ͷҲֻЩСˡ
͵СŻͦ˼ġ
طGԭֱӷӨ˫һۣζĿһۣ漴죬ʾֱι
ӣýƼϸϸëôһӣɫĴ΢΢̿ˮͻȻãСϸĳ࣬ҲǺѷɫġ
Цţٵļ˵㶹磬ݵߣرС⡣
طG̲ס˶龫֣ᣬҲװģŮ飬ʵЩԲĻЩο
óԡ΢ü۶Ͳ١
бһۣźЦſڣͶʳϲ
һʱҲ֪²˵ԼˣȱԼˡ
ѽķЦүôһŮˣʲôġ
ȿȡһӱǺһ£˻һ͸ооӣǹɬУǷǳԵġ
ȷ˵ʱ򣬴ﻹǲ¶һ¡
κ˵һǲͬģϵЦֵͣͷԼŮĸоˡ
ɤӣ˼֣ЦǰЩӸһɰƺϲ⡣
õģֻߵʱǴڵһ֤
طGĺһ˰Ҳ͹̲סߴ٣
δյͷֹˣ˭֪ϲʱ򣬲ɵãٳδִһ䣺Щ
ȥóɰЩĽݸˣȵֱʱֵƱ
ƣ۷ˡŮ칦ûʲôģǴִֻ˱ա
óЩ
طGֿԥԥĿޣԧϷˮĲ
ϸϸ濴һÿûӦԧϷˮûˣͼɴ˫һš
⡭ԧ죿ظһ䣬ŵͷǣԧ졣
ǽףģľͱԧϷˮҲ̫Զˣֱûʲôϵ
طGģʲôףȻ´ˣɵҲͼ𣺡Īǡգ
Խ˵Խף緽ŵԧϷˮ
һѽɰЦɣĪƼ
ӣֱӵǽˣɫϲ죬á
طGͷ֣صĽɰŵƵʰãЦŵôҪصġ
һۣǻ˵ӳȴ˵ô
ȴ֪Ļôġ
ţǣ֣һԺߣʳ
ѩʵЩ䣬ҹЩ࣬ͼƽűҪﻬĹӽ̧֣ɣû¡
ٿ
ⲻҹ϶ˡ
طGô˵Ͻ§СǰߣһʣǻҰɣˡ
ͨͨıͷЩˣƤ壬΢ܵ㺮һͿŹ̵ֲġ
£һůůͺáԽԼߺǺѽůů
Ц۽΢΢б۾۽˵ůůˣ޲ֱӰ
°ֹЩ˲֪ôˡ
ֽСĿͷȥ
һ֣ôǰ
лҪ˵20
ģ㡣
һջ⻰

 24 

ﲻô֣ҹһͷʲôҲˡ
طGţһûһĸ΢ʪĳһ߳룬ʱֲ͢ͷӿѳɣɴҺƶһ£Ǿǻʰֵ׳ꡣ
ǿʱôݵȺǻţı
˸ԹԵ˯£Ĳ񻰡
طGεҴҴӣ񾲵˯շ˵ҲǣԹҲ٣ǲԭͷδϣͷСǱ𣬾Ǳҧʲô⡣
Լ»Բ
ͼ֮
е궯۾ʱֱó
§е㣬ͺܺãҲļԲȶĵס
˵𶹸𴺽֬ļϸ
˼ţ׻˯ˡ
µģɴͬٽصʱæĺ޲ܽźףһʱ䱼޶ȣһֱæŶﱸЩƷȵʱ򣬻ЩҲö׬Ǯܹꡣ
ɱˣЦʣ˵͵Ҳ͵ɣ˵֣Ҳ֣أͳȥǶûеģóӡ
ƳļǣĿǰûеģССǹͷŸڡ
кСǣһֹóģǿɰƯ
ǣ֮Ҳųõ𣬾ĵ˹ѣô²ȥڡ
æȥˣϧ֮ÿҲطGѧʦţʵˡ
ؾʦʦ֮һݲ๣ķ򣬲ܻһȫ
ҲʦиһһˣҲܸ
ϧ֮ǴһĨЦͲطGȴôƣͷƶ֡
г죬ڣΪ˱Σûٷѹ򰡡طGбһۣ
ϧ֮ͷһʦôҲý̵涫
طGȻЩ¶ıͷǴСģֻܿڣĹҪʲôˡ
ʦ⣬ԽԽǸ̾ڶԷľ̹ҲΪ̹ϧİŮˣֻҪûʲôӲӵģֻҪģȦ£ȷϻһǡ
ǳʳˣֻȦԼģǲԼģԵĹҸʲôá
ʵʦͷûʲôã룬ʦ͵ӵŮˣôҲҪ־ġ
طGЦڣЦĿϧ֮Ҿʦͽϵ
ӵʦҲһ⡣
ϧ̲֮סؿڣ嵭УͻȻͬƽĺ棬ͻȻ䱻˽ֽ
طGķй±Ĳ˵鷿ͷ飬ŲƽƽʵǺѰ
ţôժһݣҲ֪᲻Ӧ
ȵ䴺æʱ򣬹ϧ֮ƼЦЦֱȥ˵Ȼ˾Ͳٲ͡
˵ĸ飬ǳ˵ˣȻ֣ȴô
᲻ΪѣСŵĹ᲻á
Цų˻֣תطGЦر𣬽еǹ⻹ЦƳģܺÿζҲ˵㳢ô
طGЦһ𡣡
ζ΢죬ȵڴƵá
ЦˣбһۣͼƷƷšЩЩζ
ͷǣ̰ģζȱ
Ĺ򣬾ͼطGִսЩܸܵȵĺѹߵ͵͵ˡ
˲͸΢գʲôҲ˵ˡ
ķӦȡطGЦЦһڣֱ
ҲóԵĽҪǹڱȽϸϣ޲Ҳüųԡ
طGһǶԹȥˣһ˻̣ݾƲˣʱԺôһͷ¶ڣȻǲɵġ
檣Ҳˣɡ
͵һ̾ϢͻȻЩ⵽׸Ǻá
͢˼ͷҲǲɣҲҪųɡ
ԭʶЩãѡʱ򣬲ָˣҶʶﰾˣС¶Ҳˡ
ЩȲҪˣĻʹҪɻ飬Ϊ˵ķ
ഺķ˿ͷۼˣƫƫ΢ɬȫܽԼ
һͼµĴѩ棬ͷһܲܲ⣬ǵеˡ
ţѲɾṳ̤̂ʵʵŮˡ
лҪ˵¶ˡ

 25 

ۣЩΣգٸңʲô
һֺõĸ첲˿ȣһҴ㴺㣿һʱЩԼ˸ʲôˣɵÿǡ
СеġȻһʱ䲻ȷϣǽԼĻԸԲԲ
̬ܵȣطGеķ绨ѩ¶ΪУЦЦûнž⡣
ԭе棬ظġ
˭ûְˣطGЦһת˵Եǣү㣬үȥˡԭ˵˵ģɵ᲻̭
ͷĵǷͷġ
֮ǰڳ£룬ûбǸõĶˣΪµģʱԵŮʱûʲôɬˡ
һ֪طG⻰̣¶Ц
ﱧŵҲʲôġ
˵һСЦţѽһЦϸ¯ƵãӶʡˡ
˵ĻǱӸҪοĴڡ
طGššཱུգЩ룬үеôˣҲɰû˭ÿġ
ôţЩݣֵͷšĵطף۵ˣ۵ʱҲ֪˵
Բ۾˺š˵ẰͣҲ
ҺͣʱʱͣڵײöͷʵţҲûš
һ˵طGԶԣ˵ô˵ģô
˵ͣʱҲûͣСֹζ˴˼ֱߵ˵ͣʱүͣ
һʲôͣͣģ˵Ĵպ͸˹죬Ҫȴûе
ߡĺһֱˣﹰ˹ɣĹˡ
⵹һңҲ֪˭ṴˣطGÿɷͻȻһֵ˼ĻṴˣܹҲǲġ
ԽԽܹѵԷ˼ò˵ɹˡ
Сߵһһ㣬ղܡ
ԭΪЩ鰮֮£ǣ˭֪ճôһС
ѽһ̾ϢײǾͱˡ
һ֪ĴЦЦһ꣬ҪĶȻҲǲֶΡ
Ӧһ£ʼıȱȻһԼڣ»ǰȫڣǻͻΣڣĻΣڳɹб꣬ô뿪֮ʱˡ
˷뿪Ҳãһľˣ᲻á
ôһ꣬ദʱվˣ˭ܷ֣ýϵĿʼעûнġ
ǰǸʲôطGüЩ֪ôݣβ˫һģüǸġ
ѾˣʮͬĺӣܣһʱҲȷԱ
ģظһһʱ仹벻˭
طG۽޵ʹΣգЩ𾪵ʣ˵ǴΣ
ͷΪС̾ⶼõˣﵽڲʣ˵ԼѾ֪ٴˡ

ȿȡ
ǲѾӴˣĻʣ
ﲻסЦ
طG򣬲õĿҲֵĶˣΣд֪ڴݲƣƣôƴľֻвòѧʶЩǹģƶȱ
̹ݣȴֵѹˡ
ѽѸ㡣طGЩίͰ͵ĸп
ɲˣһӣûϹôֵ£᲻زã˲֪˵ʲôá
ЦᵹЦɫŮ˰øĶȻܶ࣬һѸĲźء
˵ɣȴطGǺʲô֪ȴЦΪѣСǷʰ
ƽطGڻӣ̵ͦβһǣ޺޵ѽĻ͸ˡ
ǻ͸ˣҪȻôġ
סˣһʱԭأβŷӦǱˡ
С󣬶ǱųųģĸʱŻûйͻȻˣĲ֪˵ʲôá
۵ǲۣܸ߳ŨصȦˣָطGΣȴʲô˵
Ͱ͵ĿڣһֵĹӾ䡣
лҪ˵20
ģ˵ˣ ү֪аʯͷԼĽţԺүڵġ

 26 

һ˲䣬طGʲôаʯͷԼĽš
Լǿ޵ˣ塣
ǣδˣһʱ޴ǣ֪ʲôβŷӦҪᡣ
ĪѽɰͰ͵Ŀڡ
һۣԼȻұˣֹסҲ֪󣬲ᳶɤ໿ޣֻߺʣĶˡ
үˣүҲˡطGӹͺͺţ죬ȴ֪ôֻ֣˰죬̽Ž§뻳У̾ϢҪ˳𣿡
ӦһʣطGװ̾һֱӶסǳ˵ӣһһţ׾Ŭȡ
ԭſ޵ģԭɬ飬ĶŪ£Ǻת࣬Ҳ޲ҲԸӦҪȻû¶һǣ˭ܵˡ
ҡŸ״
طGڵĳӶˣοһԼľսܵ
үˣүҲˡŵ
ߺҪӦһ£ʲô
ʱطG֪ͷʲôһ֪ĵ˵ͷ޾İûںۣ§ŵүӦһ£ζʳԡ
ٿͷɬзӿѾӦˣҲǾ˺󻼡
ţ㡣˵
طGСĸᣬĺˣԣ˰
ɫЩã飬˵ϣм޴롣
ӣԼˣͷһǴѣû뵽꣬
£Լܡϲ緢ӣϲС
طGţȴҲֻ¶һĨЦպЦÿˣ죬ЦһЦòã
ͷ˳ǣ¶һЦ
ĻСԼеĲ̬ȥԶԷ
۵һô޷İһս
ɡ૵ỽͻȻҪʲôֲ¿ڡ
գûкӣô˰ɣôȥ
ˣ˷ǲľ飬ȥ˶׹ʹԨһʱ𣬲ܻ˵ഺ
طGҲ˵ʲôɵúЦģ
һĬҲٶ˵
ʱǰЩӻȵιʳĿôҲϸӣȻװĵȻ˭˳ģױܡ
ҲĬķ˶ʡ
ԡڴϣͷһδûйǹؾصԼͲɵǱ̹һ
طGͷþϲһţοĻȣʵ
ү󣬲ˡԭЦһû¡
һЩ᲻ãת͵͵һֻŽ¶طGһ飬ʲôû˵һҲ浽
ĽźܱǸʯͷƵãûһͼ˹ͷۣʲôû˵ֻ˸ůĵطůš
طGԽͷԽܡ
ٵֱˣ֪ԼģôģҲֻܰͱ㴰ֽµõԼвͬĴ𰸡
˫һ
һ̾ϢͲġ
ͷװ£Щ˯ţŶˣȴû˯ţ͵͵˶ţȴֱˣʱסҶ
͵͵𣺡˯ţô˵ţͼطGǰ˴գ΢ĵƹ⣬ܿдϣôֱֱ
ͷһůûסֱӰԼ˹ҵһʵĽǶȡ
ǳοֻǼһȴһֱŶԷĵĸо
ִ鰮˵ĵط
طG֪ôοɥ飬һ첲ܣӸµĿ
ѽૣģдŵζǽճԵζʲô׽ӴĶˣҲȾζ
׵ܣ̧ˮӳӳ˫ҧŴҲ˵ʲôȴطG˲Ǽ߳ϸۺͨͨģȴǿƵ

𣿡
ѯѹ͵޷ܾ顣
ɡֻ¶΢ա
һĨ۵ĺ죬ǳһ꣬޲ɷ
ǡ͵͵Цûġ
лҪ˵ʵڣ
ģʶѣαص档

 27 

ҹɫžڴůŨ
бϣѻѻĳͷĵСӨ񣬾¼ˡ
ҧҧԼжƵָ̺Ĵ΢طGʱִ˼Цɣһ졭Цһ뿪ˣ᲻ң
ûסʳڡ
طGڰУɫ΢ӳ˫һ˲ζЩʴӡ
֮ܶү㵱޴
˵ĺˣͷһµĿڣЦôôãû飿
֪Լʲô̬ʳĻطGĻشˣȴҲ֮еĸо
㶼ˣ̸ʲô顣طG˫ɫвǡ
ǳΣգ룬ʲȥˣ˵ҲԣҪˣ̸ʲô顣
סҪ˼ǵã
ĬΣ˲䣬ֻ˯ɣҺ˵ġ
һ˵طGֳĬΣ˵Ҳɣүģүģү׼κ˼
⻰˵İԵЦ۾˯ˡ
طGͷ˿ôһ˲䣬ֱˣôôĥ˵ˣĿŵĸ˵뿪
ĻⱲӶӡ
Լ§§Ҳű۾˯ȥ
ڶһĹʢУ˵ǼλүѰˣҪȥԾơ
һ䣺㼸ֵܣ
طGͷβŻʣҪ𣿡
ѾҪˣôȥЦҡͷЦһȺˣҲŲء
ʩʩȻˣطGıӰ
˵飬ãʯͷˣƫ治ȣɾǿȡᣬҲֻġ
ʲô֮磬ûС
ôţطG΢ЦЦתȥȻѾ˾һСŮ˻ܷĲɡ
˸ģԼԸԲһʱ䵹ѹˡ
æĸʲôƵãһʱСˣģطGһ涼ѡ
ȥѰǹ˵ȥ档طGҴ߹࣬Ͻ˵ˣѾ߶Ҳˡ
࿴Щ£İһŹɵͷɣū澻˵һġ
˵ʹҴȥҲõ飬ﻹء
طG֣εɣһȥɡ
ʢߵߵĸںͷʱǿˣϾӣյǵľǹĻǹҳȥҲдȥ
ȵʱ˲侪ˣ˿һŮ˰ˣжĲҵ˭֪⻹ǽׯӺüʮĶأæµĹˡ
Կɲдǧˣô࣬ҪڹٸģѲߵĲͷ
ˣͷˣɲСԺͷģһ㶼ʶſŵֱסطGһҭﶼܽΨԼŮ˵Ĳҵȥ
գŷЦĿǾܾ˼ˡ
طG죬ԭ뱨ԼСҪߵӣҲԼ˵Լӣһչˡ
һ˵չˣʱҾ밲ԭǹǼһ£ūȥѰ
طG﹣һû뵽гһգŽš
ͷ֪˵ĹϵĺãЩ룬һ죬Ҳ֮
ఴС˵ģҴҶطGʱ˲Բ˫棬ǾĹôҲвڣ˳Żͷˣ롣
Ĺӵĳ֣ôҲ¶ǰġ
طGۣζĿһۣͷȥ
һ·̲ס̾ȴɵĹţҲᶫǹǣʱҲ⽻ͷӶ
ȵߵͼϹᲲϸϸеǿ飬󻨶ƵãһһţɵĲ񻰡
ѩ˵ѣһʱ俴æµӣƽղģʲô
ѩӨ΢΢ȥ¶µĲרעӣرˡ
͵͵Ц˵Ļ顣
˼׸ôȥƻһϤĽûԼʱˣԼ廨ʱһ棬Щᡣ
ֲԵģһܷµģҪɼˣֱӱôһһصǰ
Ҳ˵ʦҪıɡ
ӣͷ̲סüͷ
ϲ󾪵ı飬طGɫҲ
лҪ˵ģүԡ


 28 

ԣЦЦµ
طGһ棬ǾЩ
㣡޺޵˵һ޹˫ʱЩܣֻЦſڣǰܸˡ
üĿ嵭˻
⻰ֱûýطG޺޵ߢס꣬ûӡ
ԼŮˣֻóš
ЦԼأĲԸ⣺ǡȻˣǻͦÿûĥһأͱˡ
طGԶЩЦүڣԵģ
һڣ§ƵЦǻ𶯣ҲЦ˹ǣ̧ʲô
⻰һʣطGֱһڣʱ֪˵ʲôòǣ֪
һֱ׸ϹӿĸоطGཱུգЦˣ㲻֪㵱үˡ
Ķˣ˵ˣȷʾԼʲô
вĵĵطܸ˵Ҷܸģǲ˵Զ֪ر˵
ҶҪˣҲɡ
üĿӯӯдˮԽطGɫӲãֻ
ú˵Ըڿ
һҭ봸
ȣ֮أʲô뷨ֱ˵ǡ˹գĿ۾˳ģ˳
طG˵ͷʲô˵ˡ

һۣ̲סܾЩ⣬Ҳ֪ǲĴ
Цʡ
طGԭţǵǽ˸ţ˵ûԿɾ죬ĹҲԲʲô
Բʣƫƫ˾ϡ
ˣǶ˭ǶˮĽ
ȥӰɣ԰ʱڻͦÿġЦ飬һ£ѩǿģϾժˣ㲻ҲҲôţͼÿ
ǲȽϺãҲ𣬴˪ʱ򼱼ȥժȴֶַ˳档
԰˿ӹˣų˭ҪժѾժͺ˲٣׻ʣ࣬ѩ֮£ǺͨͨӣССĺƵãرƯ
طGţЩ棬һ԰ӡÿ
һͺܺÿˣĿذףԼԼһ죬֮͢һֲһҰȤ
ũطG԰˼ɽˮˣò˵һǳõ·ֵۺ죬ֲ𸸻ʽģƫƫġ
˵ũ֣һٿתϸϸĴطG
˵Ⱦºˣʱһݵģÿһײ㣬ܹõĲϣǾϸ涨ġ
Ȼ޳У⻨ҲϸƣССݣҲϸĪ˼ɻ䡣
ϣûзּɻģѣʲô·Уţ°ϸϸڻʳǸȻ治󣬵ػصĴĲ٣ʲôû
ɽ˵ͷĺƣòһ㡣
˫岻ϡ˭Ҷҳһذ棬ˣǾѵˣѰѶǣ϶ż򵥵·ԼĪţͷûС
ɡ˼Ŀ̲סֿʢԷ˲۹۱Ǳǹģرǫ
˵ʲôĻɴһȦ˿Ь׺ȣ̲סü
㡭Ǻˡ
ʣӣʲôû˵ֻڸƵ˵Ѳ廨⾫ºÿ
ϲҲһסطG
¾㣬ʹգͼΣԷͲգҲûзǵͣһʱ䵹һ磬ҲãȻϲ巨ⶫֲֵʲôһˡ
ЦҡͷҲáʵݣǴⶫġ
һʱ䣬طGĺﵽ˶壬֪ʡ
ˣڼڵͷ˭ҲƲ˵ʲôطGͷھܾƲô壬Ҫȥ׼
طGǹһĨЦ΢Ļȣ޶˵Ĵѹ
һ˭֪һá
ããλá
ġ
ѽһĨ΢Ц⣬򴺽ζ
ȻãҲ                        
лҪ˵20

 29 

죬˶ε䣬ذɡ
֪ôģ˿̵طGЩΣա
ܾһ˵ˡ
طGЦɣǻǻؼң
һԼ̲סһȴһرĻأؼ£Ҳûʲôˡ
ԭоһ»ʧˣȻӣҲƷ֣ǱĩõģһʱҲ¡
طGͷǣ֣ʩʩȻȥ
Щ£ﲻãԼܣôԶ
طGҡͷֻͣ½ŲԼϣϸϸΧǣǰߣϸĵʣ𣿡
ҡͷֽǰߡ
Ӳ࣬ǣɢǸãм𣬶鷿ݴģÿٱԼææġ
ǿ󣬸ģ˵СطGȿʱ򣬴ȥ԰棬ǵط棬ʩܽȫʱү㻭Ůͼ
ôС͹Сˡ
ױʣ˭ۡ
һ˵԰ԭأط֪ǻ׹ݿ԰ӣͷȪʲôģرҲǲ²Ӷ࣬ȥ˲ࡣ
԰ͷһ֪ʣ˭İҲũɣ
طGЦҡͷͣǣ԰ȡһԴ⾳Ϊ˵͵Ž԰ġ
˵̫ݻǻʰ겻ϲ
ͷ濪ڣһԴȻǼģ˱Ƚ𣿡
׻ˣطGϲУһʱûвֻЦĽͣţͦģСһ󡣡׼ȷ˵Ĺӣ쵽ˡ
һԿήҰջݣ󲻿ԡ
ԽԽʡ
ɰȥҲҺʶʶ顣ЦӦˡ
طGͷˣɿһڣźŶµ㼴Ӧˣүͻȥ
ԼӦµģǱȻҪֵġ
ɣˣذɡ
ҪЩ·ĴӰأӰûУֻԵطGʱʱĻ͵㣬ľս
ɡطGӦ£ȷʵЩˣȻ͵ˡ
ǣһҶƨ湣ӲĥˣڵŲŲ˵Լãֻίίǡ
طGѵüһΣ˽§ڻЦĪ£үڡ
£ڡ
̶ĸ֣Ĳҧҧ꣬һ鲻ͣСĸΣ룬Һ⣬ҪȻȥ˭ס
е㿸סˡ
ɣЩɿ죬ߵľһζֵߵЩʴӡ
طGͷյү
߻Ҳϲ
룬ܲʲôͷССĺһ硣
ͣˡ
ʲôطGϣ
죬΢ҹɫУܿ죺硣
ЩѹüִͣŵζССϳβỽ
ëӵطGһ飬͵͵Ŀڣٽһ
͸ˣ԰ˣ˭֪ϲԷĿ棬оͲߵ˼ֺһ硣
طG⧲ʱ򣬱ӡϣһǳǡ
Ƶյߵϻȥʰ㡣
ʱֵǿװԼǿɿɰ
ү˵ʲôأһ붮ŮˣֻǼ򵥵һ仰ȴŷ¶
ҹХ伫˵ģ˰һȴƽů
طGĴЦҲߣ϶ģү㡣
˵Ż֮ʣȴˣ֪ģΪڶʥ֮顣
ߵ죬Σǲ̧һСС˵ԳǶڸˡ
򡣡
ԳϵĿѼˡ
򡣡
ԳǱľջˡ
򡣡
͵Цȥôۡ
طGЦ𣺡㻰ĹūǶȥˡ
ֻһʢͷŲ֪أ£ֲȥܡ
ʱʧܣ˹գõߣȥû⡣
ӣطGʲô׵ģζĿڣүĳ⣬ͷ
ģŴ˲͸գ㲻ϸ˵ˡ                        
лҪ˵ɳ޾ݡ
ģүˡ
vкӴ~

 30 

ҹɫǳڴġ
ХıǴ޴飬һܽʣҡڡ
ǰδеϣҪߵʱ򣬾ͻᣬҲЩģֻһֱ֡
طG˿ڴˮ˳µ°ɤʣˣ쳣Է֡
ֻԳԵЦϸ׵ָ߬ıӣطGһֱбۿģ㲻У
в⣬ǲܽġ
ůŨ
˺ְҹڶ춼Щˣһȣһȥߺࡣ
ֳģϸ
طGԹţֻһ̧ͷ̲סЦˡ
İ𪽿ۣǿƣ¾ڵģʵͷһμ
ȷʵͿˡЦЦﾡֻЦЦţ־
һԶ̲סȦˣã̲ס
𣿡طGϵһ֣죬βŽѵ´οɲˡʵЩ֡
ͷҲܺˣȻ㲻Ϲ֡
ôɣطGտգԸ񣬶ȻҪղһǡ
³ΪطĢиɻЦݣ̲סü⣬ʱԲܺãʱ־ãݳأ̫޷Ƶı
طGսв뿪ү
˭ɵӣʲô˵װɵˡ
̧ĿĿϸϸˣӵһ£Ǹù黹˺ˡ
ձһڣͼطGִսЩܿϸܵëС綼ϸģ޶˵͸
˵ĻȴżӲӲġ
Цſڣָһĵʲô
̧һЦرûûΡ
طGĬĶβȻһЦɣү㡣
ò˵糣˰ЦݣȴëȻβ׵ֿ־
ر󴺽ǳЦ֪ġ
֪֪ģֺõЦЦϵ֪֪һߵԶԶģ԰ֵطⱲӶ޷
ȨκβˣĲ²⣬ɵݣǱлҪ
һڣЩ᲻ãף̲סĻɡ⻰飬طGеŵʯͷЩ
үؼһˣԼæšߢסĴǳֹôҲ᲻
ɵҲֹסʢҪѵĶǰ£š
ͷһ£طGСŲųɣϵ´Ưĺᣬϵϵʽһġ
طGô̲סЦЦˣŮģֻҪůţ㲻²á

ϸϸĸƽ壬Ϊһһѵʸرãġ
ѽЦĵţӡһǣƽء
طGһۣת̤ȥ
ȥıӰһμ龰ǰ֡
ʱŵ𻨵㣬Ѱǿùǽͷ㿴轣ϸСĹͷ˼
еĽдϡ
ʱףʲôΣӻͷİ˭꣬
ɡһЦתĸʱ򣬾ͼԷЦ֪ˡ
ϸźӣȻˡ
ĸûɫأ˵ţүſǽиѰ׽ţ۹áͣµѵ֣ЦЩӣһֱڹ۲죬үȻ䣬ҲȺģӰˡ
;ϲãȶǱʲôǿ
СĸûˣиǶõ¡
˵˵ţ̧Լҹʱˣʲôʰױƣ˵صĶˡ
һЦ˵ء
ζĻĸ˲ԭء
Ĺĸɬ֪𣿡                        
лҪ˵ģүˣү࣬үʲôҲ˵
㣬о
ģŮ˵죬ƭ˵Ĺ
£кȡǡ

 31 

ӦֻһƬĬ
˹, ЦûûΣЦ, £
ĸҡͷ̾Ϣ, ȴ֪˵Щʲô, Ļ, , Ҳס̣
𣿡һ䡣
һ, ɫеĸ˲˵
ʰľ, û๵أĸЩˡ
ĸγ֪, ֻǹʧΪ곤, ҪȰЩ֡
ĸļûж˵ʲô, ֻʰ־, ҺûδУҪȻЩǣݵԼѪ⡣
˵ҲԵôһƫԶСԺ, ľôһ
ˣʢ
һˣĴүæϵУʵ򷢲ʱ䣬ֻһʱû뵽ˡ
ԽԽӡ
־÷ЩôӺ۵ƷزΪһСŮӡ
뷨Щ飬ܾûô򵥡
Ҳ˵¡
뵽ȥıӰ룬Һܵÿ죬ҪȻݽȥһŮʲôƴ
СŮӲ~
δù~
~
СŮ~
еĺСҲ֪ǽģǰѧģѾҪˡ
߰ɡһСԺԺסôãÿһϤᣬǶգ͸ȴҲС
ϰɡһ˲һɡ
еһͣôһ𣬱Զˡ
ʱǾǸһˡ
ĸЩĿһۣҪôҲƲȥһ䣺ûлͷˣ
ʼ磬Цһ˰ˣ¡
ԷΪĻֱͷʹѣͲˣ̳ĺӣȴ֮˵ҲǣСԼ뷨һҲǳе¡
һĵͷرͬУǣһˣԹĲòҪʲôûУ
ô˵ҲЩЩԶԣʤ뷨ҪЩ
Ȼ˵һϵ㻻ȥҲ׵
棬ֱЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
׻ҪʱģԵµףҪôˣǿһƬˣʲôˮлЩԵĴʻ㣬ϽҲˡ
ͷԭĿڣġ
˵˵ЦЦģǰǹ˸иȥˡ
ǣȥģ϶ǲܻصģ̫˳ϸҵˡ
Щյü⣬˵źʵʵо飬ԵľͲˡ
ЦˣѩҲȥȥǶǴլӡ
򷿵ĺôˣĶз£˶֪һ磬Ҳ޴
˵ˣ⹫ӻ᲻Ѱء
ϾЩŮ˶ˣ֪֮еġ
ԼôڹͷҲǸ
Ƿô죿ĸǳˣ֮ǰȥˣҪô˵
ЦҡͷûôûƷ
ֱǾǽˣ˵İǣĵŮˣǶҪ
ѾźˣȻڣǷҲӰ졣
˵һ뿪׼ˡ
ϸϸһ飬óû⣬һСҲ׿ˣ̵ˡ

ͷ
طGӹͷͼڹſڣֹطGüϳǸŽˣʣˣ
˳ţūᳵӵģΪȥǷˣ˭֪㻹δ
춼ˣ㶯ûУһֲԤС
ûϣطGʡ
޹ҡͷﲻø˵ҡ 
ߡطGһۣͷͻȻЩţһֱԤУ¸Ǵﵽ˶塣
ԺƫԶӹͷϹȥѾ͸ˡ
֪ʲôʱƮѩطGͷһ׷ѩϿһƬڵСԺ
̼ǵÿﶼǵƻͨ΢ƵԺյλεģһ·ůġ
˭ܿ龰
ʲôЩµĴͼſڷһУСӣ࣬ϸ
طGϳõһСӣżϷŵСӣһ򿪣Ͼ̲ס
һ۹ȣ̴ͣˣ򵥵Ŀʽȴľºÿ
ȡ
ɢ
طGȴͷЩ᲻롣
ϸϸʲôҪҲҲϴŨʱϻһɰپˡ
С桭
طGǰźϨȥ¥գһʱ䲻֪ðڳʲôı
䴽һЦ˵뵽ҹ֣𣬽ֻһӡ
ʢԼүı飬ͷһͻʹͷƫʮүԼүʱı顣

һ̾Ϣүӷʵ
طGĦȣãǰֵСµģж¾ж̡
ôӣбŮ˶µһ졣
ߣذɡطG˵š
ʢǵүԭΪɢģ˭뵽ôˡ

û˵ڣϾҲӡ
ҲԼͦģֻ֮ɣ̫಻ᡣ
µط֮رģǶͳֽȻͬķǶЩݣоЩ̻ʮ㡣
»ǶȻһԼҲǹ˵ĸо
·߹ѾСˣҲǼģˣǶҪġ
Ц𣬻صԺӺЩھȥ˵ǧڣأҲǿھˣǶ֮ˣԵĲ˵ӶҪģȰڸˣҲʡĵʱΡ
⣬Ҫʱء
ǹ౸Щд˺ӣһڡЦʱ򣬱˵ֻٳľǣǴ׵ǣҲټĽ
Ȼⶫһó˶ĲУڶҲŶţȻҲҪģаͷСһڣץһɢҲ岻סˡ
ͷģҪԣñǣˣ˵ʲôģֵЦĿСϱϻźӣԼĪϱ
ЩߣͺˣϸϸĻأƴ󷽣ɺϲٲҪ˵˵ģҲһ顣
ǷǡЦ⻰һ˵Сϱ͸ˣӲ֪ǿƽƽһǣ׶ˡ
뵽ųԵӣСϱֳ˿۵Ըӡ
Ҽүڼͷж޶ҵľͳɡһЦϸ׵ǺЦ⡣
Цǣ֣治ؿͷʲô࣬Ƕ࣬㾡ȥԣٲҽҪȥƿףѼӵģ˵õ¡
˵ĺƼˣ޶ҵͲסߵʱһǣȥһ˵ʱˡ
Ƿҵģ޶ѥӣԶͣˣͷ˼ǹĸƵãҲǣôµĶҲС
ȻҲ뵽ôЩǵģԼϱһۣۼˡ
ָһУù˿ͨУͷһȦֽдۡ
˵ͷϡޱȵóЩ᲻ãȴ˵ȥĸ֡
ͼ޶ЦЦĿβŵıǼЦˣȥҲ졣
ǸģͷԣȥȻԣɹʱݳһǣҲǾġ
޶ҵĵʱЦߵؿڴһǡ
ڼҵĴſĴ󴲣Ǵ˸ŲòڷԸأ
ԭطG¯ůѾܾòˣֻʣһˣǱѱ̹ǣʵԽܡ
ЦڹˮأȻͺá
ԭҲûһ磬ĸģ˵ǹĽյı̫øϽӡ
˸ǷҪˣȷӦʱ򣬲ɵЦˡ
̶̼չ򣬾Ѿϰů˲ɡ
Ҳһ˵£˸Ƿûûι᳹ףͷ͵Сϸ۾˯ȥˡ
æ˼գչǷϣеվյбϣŹǷˣſţ۾̲סˡ
ĸ̺ӣһЦ죺˯Ҳû˯һʱ̵ġ
ԭߣʱԭأ˯һǳΣյźš
ϸϸӣҲˡ
ȵʱ򣬾;ȵķ֣ĸرСƵôˣ
ĸһ˼СС˵ô˯
˯ֳ˵о֪Ҫ˵ʲô
Բ˫һʱЩţҲԼʵڿʲôԼأЩµĿڣػ۵ǷӯЩΪηء
ôһϣ鶼Щӡ
˫ĴСϣβ޴뿪ڣڵΣ
˵ĺٵͷϻЩ˵ģεʱ򣬿˵ˣŮ˻гڣΣղʱЦûˣʱû¡
ÿʲͬҲͬ˲֪ôˡ
ĸһۣͶԴүزֵͬر֣һӣʲôʲôź
ʣµĻû˵ûеĺӣǶûԵ֣ǿ˼
ɤӣͻȻԼСģЩɵ֣ڻһֱ˯ȥˡ
ȵˣôȷ˲ųɣһֻǸ²أǲǰ׿һ
ֻµʱ򣬴ĶСЩϸûſ˯ҲǵѹŶӡ
ƽ̹СʼԺӳʲôʲôôͣʵǸӢۡ
ţ׶ֱ˯ȥˡ
ĸͷߣϵЦⶼûͣԭãˣӶȻѹСһ;ˡ
ⰲ̥ǣûкլ˾˵̹
پǣŮУź򲻵˵ģʱ˳ˣǵöŻѪںãֱüˡ
СӻҲоˡ
ĸԽԽǶѵˡ
࿴Ĳ죬չߣССʣ㿪ģ
ĸһۣȤ㿪ģ㾹Ȼ֪
̧Ŷů͸ҫĸӡ߲ӡǣɵƿԣĸЩӳüĶɴˣ˵Լġ
Ȼϵʵ˲֪˵ʲôá
ǣˡʲʲô֪֪ģƴڻĽһҹȥˡ
СС˵˼䣬³Źٶ˵ˡ
ûһ򣬾OO@@ת磬ͼѾǷء
ˮ˸Ƿɡ
ҲǿʣͷˬȵˮҪȻҲ̫ˡ
ĸЦеĶ˱ˮźˣرʣҪҪ
ҡͷεƽǣү}ûš
ʵĸãֻǰܽЩǵͷ
һ˼벻ͬҲǳе£ʵ
ĸһۣ˲Щ޻˵εƽҰ߶Ҳ֪ЩӣҪúõģ˵ҹˡ
ҲҲǣ֪Ǻˡ
Цƽһͺá
ôСģҲţԭһ壬⻳ûﻹûء
ô󣬵ʱ򲻹һĸ顣
е˵ЦţЦԺɹ̫żҳضйӣŽŻƣһûһ˵Żڼˡ
ðѹͷСͣҪԡ
ĸװһӳЦҪã
ˣⶫҪԼĲζץһѣЦ۾
˵⼫ˡ
طGſڿţɫ䣬俪ڣүΣ
һԺеЦһ٣ҲԼͬĿ򴺽ͼҲＫˣĹӵ˶֪
ɣ
ŵڳԣһ˫ٵһ۵ɵԲ
طG̤˽СԺȴȫ̶һչʰô
»ʲô׵ģԭⳡıѾõ뿪
ѽ̾δ΢¶һĨЦ⡣
ү˵Ӳġб۽⿴Цɭɭģôֿɲ
ڴ˿̴ﵽ˶壬˵طGΪҪӵʱȴǰż⣬Ŭסӣӡϡ
ɣҺѽ
ӡ
뿪㣬Ҳ֪˼һֲ
СһţĿҪһ顣
ѽطG͵͵Ц䣺㵱ү㡣
ˣطGǱһЦһڣĵþۺɢˣҲ̰ͼʲôҲѰ
µģӡ
ԷɫΣգԼ⵶Ĺˡ
ˣЩǺαء
Цģһ
طGٿԺǿᲱڣ˭˵αأ
ȻһشˮǾͱӡ
̲סɫʵʹ˭
һôãҲ¶ݣ²ûԷôݣԸ˵ȻҲûϡ
Ƿ곡Ϸ͸һ
ʳǸĹӣ·ˣ̧ͷЬʸûС
⽨ȼϿɲ˵˵ѡ
Ŀ֮һƬޣעûнˣֺαؾ塣
ȴʵ𣺡¾ޡطG


ãеĻһдȫԲԲԲԲۡ
Ȼ¶ˡ
һʱЩ֮У־֮⡣
ĸЩ£ظ¾ޣ
ʣʲôϵ
طGûŴ֪ı飬˻
֪ʵƶ
˺ߣͻȻɶֳɵˣֻίͰ͵Ŀڣһ޴룺;ʢϤ˼ڤ룬ֶ෽֤˵Ӹǰźľͽ֡
طGűүŵı鿴Ļʱ򣬱ˣͼĿڣȾָ
ĴϵĻѩ׷ģ˵һѩ
ûģطG͵͵
ؿڣϸϸĸܰΣźЦԼĪеġ
ҪȻΪԡ
ûûεӣܹ˵İΡ
طG۵գ㱼ϸϸѵģ˵Ἣˣ˭뵽ģ
ѽ
ΣֻҪȦԸ⡣
һģʲô
طGЦЦ㱼Щ
ɣɫˣϾ͵Էʱǲˡ
ȻϣǾͶϸɸɾ
¾ޡطG
Ǵ˵еĴүæϵУΪɽӡҵʱҲģ
̧òӥƵէֵľ⣬ϸȴ־ֱ̹
ǿ˼ǵ
ô죬ֺγΪԭֻ棬־һƬȣʲô
𣬿һƬģҪν
ɣ
ٳûлشʱ򣬴ߴ١
طG𵶵ѧŵƣϣĵȻɫˣүˡ
˵֣ͼʢЦŰ
˵ʵЩˡ
ûӣôƤķҪڱ˼ңʲô
ѵӦ𣿲һŮ˰ˣҪûС
ô룬ҲôģݣϸŮǣĻˡ
ǡ¡˵֮󣬻ĲΡ
طGЦЦĿһۣС죬𣬶˵Ŀɺޡ
ҵķ˵°ͣʾʢĶʰˣڵүǰסˡ
ǻƼϨȥ¥գһ˲ʲô飬Ĳȥˡ
ԩҡ
ꡢǰʱ㣬Ƿǳܽܵġ
֮ǰĲ²ûдѾУǵȵʱȻԻǻ֮ڷӦ
ġ
طGбһۣһеĻȡ
ҴطȻԺСЩӹ¥˵һһС۹ⲻ
طΪݵͺܲ
˼ſͼӹ¥ΪĵɢĻǷǳġ
˵ԵأԭŹ··Ӱеģײǰֱϸˡ
ټŮôڣֵǲ鵽ˣҲ̫⡣
ôһ˲䣬ͷƻһУһԹɴŵĴһ̲סε߰ɽݣͷˡ
̫ůͣСһûôˡ
ȻǽڣЩˡ
үݵġطGɤӣ̧°͡
һʱԶԣЦǣҶᣬϧ
⻰һ˵طGƬ̵ʧˣ֣ͷߡ
һЦżһڣЦĴСͷƵá
طG֣˲ҲǣҲǣ˺üطò÷߳ŭһֱ̹ӽĹԼܵοĸоžЩ飬ˡ
걻ߢס룬ĸ첲΢˲
һİԵȣô硣

һͼطGЦЦôһ˲䣬ΪԷ˵һ侭̨ʡ
˵ŲҪȴܳʵ
Բô̲֮סߣɤӣ΢Щ׵Ĵ꣬Цѽ
̤̤ʵʵ§طGҲˣڲΣھͳɡ
ĵţһʵ𣺡˵ˣ㡣
Ǹ겻ɢĹ˭
һǰһδڣϧ֮˵Ĺӣɲܺȥ
طG
ͦǽǰ˵ʲôȥǻ˭ɡ
ˣ롣Ŀڣ󷽵˽
ϧ֮ʱ򣬻Щţݿ˲Բ۾Ĺӣ
طGĵĵͷͷ࣬ϲ衣
һŹϧ֮ŶԷı飬رˬеʧˣ˰ȻҪԱȵģЩ˰ȻģҲԶһ
ϧ֮Žʲô鶼ûˡ
еĿӷ£չʲôȱ͵ҳġ
طGͷر˵ĿڣǰʲôȱԼˡ
죬ߣͻȻһʵе㻶ϲԩҵ˼԰ְԭسס
ҲһѡôΣյ뷨˹û˵ڡ
ֻϵЦЩ˲ͱطGʲôأ
ϧ֮ҲüͷȻǳ贺ŵɫ˷ǳһ١
ƣ㶼治ɫرȻ緹ʲôҪȥԣ
ģҪԣ򲻿ܵġ
طGЩԥʱ򣬹ϧ֮ӿڣҸԵǴŹǣ㡣գΪѧģʦʦﲻˣϳԶҲܳԼڣģԽԽࡣ
ʱĿ࣬ССΧ˻ȫʦǰæסټļҵ
ҲǴʱʼСŮԲ
еĳ춮£ܾĥġ
ζ̲סˮ~
طGڱͿȣʲôˣظүһˡ
Ϊֺûʶˣͦ򵥣ϣƳ
лҪ˵ƼμһġصʱѾv³࣡к
ƽǺκԶɪһӣ֮ǰΨһڵǺԶʶ̫
һصʮꡣ
ĻϲȥԶⱲһҪʶõ껪ȻŴ֦ͷɣβݣ˫Ժһ˫ÿң
ǣ
ӡеķȻĬȴ˷Ȩ˾ηֱŷԼķ߹ͨǳгĶ棬 èӣһһǴ
ţ

 32 

Σ
в֪ɵ, Ѿ֪ˣԷ۽½ˡ
, ʹáųԡ
طGЦЦĵһۣʲôʹʹ, ˵ʲôҪ
ܳΪʱ, öԷȤ, ûסԷ, ֪, ԭκһˣԼ˶ûӵġ
ԼŮˣ˳, 
һϧ֮Ŀɻ, ȴ֪ô˵
ôһС, ʵЩʢ¡
Ъűæùɡһϵ˵
أڷҶ䡣
観Եҵʱ, Ÿ鹫ԣŨʱ, Ϊɰˣ֪覿۵Ļ䣬ɱĵ
طGֻһ, ֪ʲô
ԭ־ܹ˺ľԱһСƵãһֱɪɪĶš
ү鹫⡣
仰ùӯӯЦȥüˣ鹫۾طGҲ޷ջߣԹΪȣһ˵Ļ
Ҫ˵ͱطGˣڰ֣һֻԽĹϵۣʦ֣Ǳ
ؾʦʦҲھͷš
ϧ֮ʲô׵ģһ۴ֳСһĺôˣһۣ׶Է˼
ô˵ˣұȨʲô֪Ҿ˸ƽת
ߣζ̲סһ¿ˮҲ֪ôˣǱĺܲ
طGһۣԭ˼ǣ㵽ʱ򽿽֪֮󣬾ͻˣףǽȻ֪ݣλΡ
ԽͷԽá
ģڡ
еڡ
ϸϸҪжѽᣬࣿͲһӣӸŮȣرѾ¶¡
бüۿˮһǽΣӳ⣬Ҳӳݡ
үҪϢġ۵һڣŵЦȣü͵ģһ˿ǿſţǴЦ⣬ˡ
ɤӣſ˵ʲô˵ˡ
ĿطG˰Σ׳̾һʲôû˵
ӺܻҲ޾ĺӡ֪ΰ㡯Ļ͸¶һֺ˵顣
ү
үɡ
طGסӣɫĴ꣬͵͵Цˣүϲɵģ
𣬼ǿˡ
ɤӣ޺ģݷİЦ˹Ц~
΢΢ϳβżģıȴмֶׯìܵϣķ֡
ĵķŴվͱˣͼطGչܿϵëŵϤζܸܵԷ
ӡ
дž棬ü΢䣬͵Ļȣȴ޶˵͸⡣
ǰЩᣬе
ڰеģŷ˵ʵڻ˭Ҫĸӣǵը˲ɡ
طGһֱЦģȻЩƤЦⲻЦ˼ҲЦЩֲ
ɽԾƲ
ĵͬʱֿʼƤˡ
طGһۣ˹ĴͳȣǴʲô
ˢһ´򿪣˧ˣȴôһ
ŶԷЦݣطGЦЦʣƣ
ǲܽƵģûһ磬תˡ
ҶǼٵģһӣⱲҲܸһȽơ
طGͷ۵üģְǻˣ˭£ƫƫ˵
ȻͼԽԽֱһڣ˺òãҷģҲˡ
´ܵʱҲˣǶԷ£ϼң뻢ڡ
ϹɣͦôµģطGϸĴΣȷʵû쳣ŷЩֻľ棺´ΣүϻֱȦ
ȻãǲŻ
Ǳסˣͷ
طGͷɫԹԵģүֻ㡣
ζɨһۣСǽƻԵҲͰˣϣҲЭġ
ճ˴ڲԶһŮ˻򵥡
š
ҲǣҵʱԶһ㣬ͷգ˵ˣѰ޿Ѱˡ
ٲɣϱܣɽ꣬һú
ǮҲܹġ
˶һۣҶı󶯡
ʱϧ֮Ҳ÷ˣߣǼ⻹кˮЦŵڣ벻СʱǸģ
ϧ֮СʱֺݣܸƤƵã˭֪дҲʮ˱䣬ԽԽÿ忡׵ǻƵãЩ˼
پµ񻰣룬ǸŮˣȻǧģˡ
ӣϧ֮ЩεĪᡣ
ĺʷСʱĳҲʹΧת
ϲθڡԼĲ˶ڴǰѳİطGǰƫĵ˼ˡ
ӣЦŵԲ˳Բˣ
ԭǫһ䣬ʲôլªֲ赭ģ룬ƾʲôʦϸϸķˣûñ͵ĵ
ʦˣЩ˵һ䣬ͷԡ
˰ҲЩˣرʱζԵøⲻͬЩ
طG˰Σǿһֱͣ֡
ȿȡøүˡ
˭֪ϧ֮ĿƵãǣɤӲˣɿ򣿡
طGҭıУ˵Ҳܹ˲
ô˵ˣطGΣֻεɤӣûԵ˼
õ仰ϧ֮Ųٶԣ˹ĳԷĺÿָǽ޳𪾫£Ҳš
طG֣Լ֡
̲סԱң˵ҲÿڼµòǰҲͦÿͱˡ
ȡ̲סɤӡ
ҲˣƻУ治ܺ˴һ
طG߳ŭүúõġ
ⶼǱġ
ɵĿһۣĵǿǴˣɲҩ࣬伲ҽ
طGԶԣĻӻ֣ŵСŤˡ
ϧ֮ӴǰɨʱˣЩ룬СΪϸնЦɼǸ˼Ǩġ
ۺۼԼϸǶ϶Ҫס
֪ͷת˺üٸ䣬ֻһԵر㣬Цŵʦֵû˵óԼˡ
뷹ǰĲҲԸɾһĿαϲ죬СԱСɵèƵãģرɰ
һ֪˵ʵӹһ֡
طGһʲô˵ûүŪĶ⻰˵ĿȴҲʵ
Ǵܻסˣǡ
ԵƤˡ 
طG
ԻҰҡ
طG
Ϊү̧̧üЦΡ
ЦԼ˵ģʲôŪ
ЦŰ죬ϧ֮һԿţֻǿſţ;Щɬʵ֪˵ʲôãԭһģֻһЩӪĻȴ˵ĺгˡ
һֱΪǶ֮÷С޲£ǵ˲һ⣬֪ʲôеˡ
ԼԲĶӣЦ⻰Ҽˡ
˵ʵڻطG⻰Ӱģ֮ǰ˵󲻹ֵ£ԭʲôֱȥ
طGʮ꣬δ֮ˡ
ˣ㻹ǱˡطG룬εүһڳԵģһڳԵģҿ㡣
ܾŵС˳˵ŵǶԼļԹһοٳԵڶΡ
طGЩ롣
ӣЦ˵Ըŵˣαظֳء
طGһ۹ϧ֮װûʲô
ϧ֮ǣз˲ɣ˴Ρ
ٵһ
طG٣һϯʤʮ飬᲻ߡ
һһ͵ģùϧ֮ͷܣҲǸˣȻ˺۸Ǿͱˡ
ɣȻ˳Ͽң÷һƬ⡣𵶵̫ʦһЦЦұҲס졣
ʢһԣʵûۿ
ү˵ʲôֻгϻ̳Ͽֹ򰲵ķݣڣһһү¡
쿴ؿǲȥүɫжྫʡ
ò˵ʦиˣȵطGȥµʱ򣬴չʣˣ
ְ͵Ը
㡣Ͼʱ´Ůˣ㲻ʲôֻ˵ǹ̰ܽˣһ˭Ҳ֪Ƣʲô
Щ˸ʰƵãͷһ³Тӡ
ִ㣬ūŶడüס㣬ֻܶܲдŰķݡ
լ𡢷䡣
ٺЩֱӽ㺢Ӷߣһ죬˭Ҳܲˡ
һʱĶˣɫ˱䣬Ȼ뵽һȥˡ
ȣ°ɡ
ˣô˼ɡ
طGźͷֻۣһͷȥܼˡ
аͦġ
ȷʵ䲻˵ĺ÷ǡ
Ų˿ȣ˲ˣȻӲԵһ׼ˡ
ô˵ţͼϧ֮ر磺ǣѽǹִ׼£䡣
طGЩֻú棬ԭϻ˺֮ˡ
ҪǰͷĻͷģöж
𣿡ⲽӣЦȻˣǱһӶһ𡣡
һôôԶԶᵽƵá
ͷţһӲ롣
˲ŻһδһӲ룬ֱһ䡣
ϧֱ֮ӵıˣСʱģʲôöˣ֮ĳŵԵ֪˵˶١
˵ĵǱȻֻǻԡ
ɾԾһ㣬
ֹʡ
طGû·һʱ֮οԳУȻ˵ˣǶȻûġ
Ͼ֮ǰһ׼ûиر顣
һȥɡطGЩһȥ԰ĳʵá
ζ˵һֻɵѣƽĺɹ
źҡͷǲɵŶҪůѡ
ůѣ
طGɻͷûʲô
ɷнµ˵°ļլǰ첻ܳȥģҪůѣ
˵ĺôһ£ϧ̲֮סֱʣⶨȻġ
߲ܿƵĿСΪ֪ˣ֪Ŀģ㰮ͻȻҪڼѲˡ
һӶĴûв
һĺ˵˵رŮģҪůˡ
طGһĵͷүůүݣլǾˡ
Ҳûôߵݡ
˵棬ѴеķܶˣЦЦɡ
ⳤģһƬģ͸м
ߣĶˣԲסǴ˿̣ĸģҲô뿪
үҶưɡպˣҲܴһˡ
ҲĻȥ˯һǳεʱ㣬ǲҵģһˣ˵̥Ͳˡ
ûȷϣҲһֹǡ
طGζĿһۣŵͷɣġ
ӣûš
ϧ֮ȴԸΪԼˣرŵҾ̧ȾܣɣҾڸڿ顣
طG
ԺС߿һǱ߾ףһҶûС
Цɣ֪ˣɣҲࡣ
˵ÿһլӣǮ٣ĵطԷҾרųС
ֿʼеĹ±ܳɲᣬܸ׵һҪһݡ
Ͼ±ҲѵãһȻƷŸƷû
ǹŶ⣬ʱ򲻹ֻܳҪȥģǺ顣
ҲһܺõĿżֵ
˵ΪΪ񣬺з׾ˡ
ȵڵűϣãɿ񣬸ζ
ȡڴ΢Ŀ
طG
δɿͼطGһЦ첲һ죬ֱӽ̵յߵͲܳˡ
һ붮ŮĴס죬һߣ𡣡
طG˵ֱסĴ꣬Ŀڣͣʡ
ͣԵڴϣϣرĹǡ
һβ׵ǾͱȣĿϣߺѽ
طGãʱ˵Ļ׼
ǲǱ𣬻ͣ
һǳ⡣
ףø˵ֱŽż⣬׹ܲ·ֱӶס죬̽Ķ˶촽ȵĺһ裬ȴֽԭأ֪һʲô
Եģֱӳһ죬½Ȧڱסϸϸ֫ǳֹ
͵͵Ļ
һǶ̴ٶĵıһźţطG
үȥԡԭţֻװˣ˭֪žͲˡ
Ըʢȥˮͼǰر¹޵ĿڣҪˡ
طG˶٣ε÷ˡ
װҲôġ                        
лҪ˵ɣǡ
һǲܳɹģΪҪ֤Ƥӵ»УӴܵڶܣҪȻŴûӼģڴɵĻֻȫˡ

 33 

ҹɫž, 䡣
ĲԸطGҲһ, ó鿴ԡ
ֲ;ӣ, ʵͷû, ԽԽԡ
Ҳض, Сͷ, ľ, ˵麣ͷݴģһ첻飬ͷ͸ȱʲôƵܡ
˿鿴˰, ֻţһ
ȴӦʱ, ɵȣеŶȡ
ȡ, õĽͣⲻ֪ô͡
˵˻粻˵طGü, ЦֻҪ̤̤ʵʵ§, ͷûֿĸо
ˡ
֣ЪɡطG˳ķ˿˫һţһ, ֱӷϡ
һ£ҧСľܾ治ɣЩ
طG̿۵ֶ˶٣ЩԶԣβųүˣ
Цûж˵ʲôλεʾˡ
˵ҲǣͰѳֲס
Ҳ޹ֺš
үŰ۵ֻ¶һ̺һ˫дˮӯӯǧꡣ
Ŀ΢ٿһϨϨƣһվһ졣
Щ˵Ѳ⣬Ļ˵ҲǴŹ޵Ĺ
طG΢ɲ⣬ֻñ۾ƽ¡
ȴʵˣȲ쵽ȥҵһʵλã˲䣬ŰݵĲˡ
طGĻ𣬾ͼ䱾ģ˶ѹˣﹰ˹ĸ첲дҲ̫Ӳˡ
ȫǼ⣬졣
طG׽סҶС֣εЩ
˵ʲôֶŵĻ
ڴӦţС
ô˵ȴ˿˫§סϸ͵֫֡
ãԼᵽһ˿˿ʵĿ֡
סпôģϸ
ʵҲܿɾϸˣ£߲֮ʮ֣˵еˡ
ģҲСϸ˭˭Ľ
һˣ֡
˼ţ˯˹ȥ
ԭ˯û¾ҪϢһˣһֱûС۶
˯ȥ֮طGۣ񾲵˯գҴҴӣһʱշļûûΣһŮˣץӷΡ
֪˰ģ統Īʶ
ǸſǽͷǳЦӯӯĹվЦ
Ľ§ڻطGۣҲ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬طG˺üȦɴں˯С˵ģžϡ
룬رطGϡڴ߿ֿôҲ̲סСĴ˴գµü΢죬˻ͷҪѵӣϽջ֣Σҳ
ֵȣ»ָƽŽԼָȥ͵͵һ
ཱུģ̫ζˡ
˭֪ΰУֱסָ׵Сϲ˲䣬㰤˯ˡ
ɵһͿȫ󲻵ʱǶôˡ
طGǳЦüĿչôŸ첲ţȴ
Ҳ֪Ϣôģһ͡
ͷ쵽еλãתѣطG֮ԵɵɵЦЦ㶥żһͷڴϷ
һ񣬾ͼطGЦǴ͵Ц⣬ˣ
˯ѣ֪ͷһأн˯˼طGסˣ𣬳Է
˯ŶõģǱĩá
ҹҲû֣ʱ˯ãĻ١
үӣҪСˣǰ㱸˰ǣȻȡ
طG˵ЩȻǲģ߻ֻǺܶģֻҪģʼ䣬ʲô֪ˡ
ָЩ֢״ϧÿ»ôܵʱ
§§طGһ飺ģ˵ܾҩõģʱҽӡ
뵱һֻĸܾҲû̫ͻɰɣҩˡ
⾭ܺҩɱǲֵһᡣ
طGֻ伲ҽı鿴Щ飬ȴֱͦ˷ɣҩֶôء
ΪߴߴΣĶЩˣߺֶֿ۸ҡ
ֱû˵ˣطG⣬Ǳ㷣үΪϴΡ
˸߲ҵӦˣִʱѱ˵ϴˣǸϴţҲǳе£һ㶼ֵÿҫڹŴ¾ͱȽˡ
ɡ
ôͷģЩСɬ
طGнӹӣСĸգı飬üֵǵ䱦Ƶá
ý͵ȥͼרעգգǵƵúÿ
һԱָ°ͣɵ죬Ǹ˻Ҫ
һЦͼطG˲°ͣǶرᡣ
ǻطGǻʵӺô
ɬӣ붼ë׵ģ緢ͣȴԵøϳɣϲŭɫ֣Ҳ𱸰䡣
Ǿ̫ʧԲҪץסǵůůֻ翵ġ
գգۣҼҵ죬Ҫ׵ġ
طGܿԸˣһߺҼҪףҪ۾ġ
ƫ۾΢΢ޣרעͶ顣
Һ롭ոϽ˵仰ûڡ
ʱˢªÿҲҪˢģƵۡˮ˵װȫˣעؿǻȡһЦһС
طG˶٣εķſǣ֣ȥ
˵˵˵ЦЦϧ֮ţڵʱ򣬱ĹӶЦˣǻ֦ҲģǸһеġ
ôο࿴ҡ
ˣǡ׻ǴסԼˡ
Ļӻ֣˵ͷĹûС
ϧ֮һʱǺЦᣬСԺ߱ߣǣҲס
෴һأֹβ֪˵ʲôֻ̾˿￴һۣûע⵽ŵڣʱʱ׼ţǰ
ʣµĻ˵ˣϧ֮ʲô֪ˡ



ҧгݵ˼飬û˿취ǣϸţĹӵĽ֣γð֡
˷룬̤̤ʵʵʦ֣ôټ֮ա
ôοԼڱ˻Цٻ⣬˵ʲôںƭԼġ
֮һ֡
Ǻǡ
εĿЦ΢Щ˵ȣԳ
ıӰһۣЦתЦŸطGȤ˵ҿǲϵġԷɻдʵĿڣⴺ﷦ǰʱģƫƫˡ
һ紵ҳ졣
طGɤӣĵĻأԼ㰴ʱ
˹գٿ
˭֪ЦطGԭԽЦſڣǰ׵貣ҫ۲սЩǵƵĿڣһ㡣
һսβ׵ʣѹ˵յһͿ
ڶ˵黰˭ס봺ûס
պգ۽Ҳ߳ˮһײ֪˵ʲôֻŤӺߴףȻһֻ΢΢β¶롣
طGǵ͵һЦֱӣˣ׸ô

ɡ

һۣطGԸӴͷĶԶЩͷһβܸˣҪȻĲӾѰˡ
ͷ˼࣬û뵽ǣ·ơ
˵շ磬ȥҶůҾ˼֣вɰ֡
һ˫ӯӯĿֱֱĿ˿ܡ
ֱĵףطGĹ𴽽ǣߣȴ֪ô˵
ѽĿǡ 
¿طG񣬴ɤӣЦſڣȴ÷ʱ򣬲֪ʫ֮̶һ仰СŮĽ̬ΩΩФ
ûһ˵תƻӲ޿ɾҩ
ƫƫطGãƬ̣ҪԿôһĻһ¡
ͷ˰죬ߣǸʲô̬
̽Ӱסգͷ΢΢Щбûһζ
طGһᵽʲôаʯͷԼĽš
ߣ̶֣ĺ˼ֵķ飬˶ڷ⣬Ŀ⣬þòƿ
ڳ񣬾ߴٵô
˵ͷ΢΢ͼǳЦ𣺡ȴ~Ǻ~
طGܵ˶αҲʲôϷˣֱӳһ죬ڻߢס΢΢Ĵ꣬ζ
ûûһ𣬰βŷֿС죬ףһߵڴϣԷӸµë˲ͻȻŵĵطԣӦûһµġ
ľҪȴطGһֱӿڴǶá
үطGҲеģԺһֱ飬ǲͷϵϷˡ
˫ԲʵǸʿ
뵱óƵöЭһƬ
ȿȣڡǴˣɤӣطG˵ʲôֱӿڳһƬ飬ɷҲ~
̨ʣֱˣʰ׵ףԭļתӴﳪǹҪ
ƽ˵ҲǺˣƫ⳪ͲˣɤӸɺҲûô̶
طGԭӣǳ׵Ķסˣͷϣ̴ţǿų֪Ϊʲôһ˵óһܾ֮ⶼûУ˳
ƽûڴһͿɾۡ
˼䣬Щζδͣ£Ҳ֪Լɤ˵ģٶ೪ܾͲˣȥѰһġ
Ҫ֪ʦֶˡ
˵̫ˡ
գ۾ʣ𣿡
ȻôʣѾöԷί˵ˣϾĸˣܲ
Щȣϸϸһζͷ
طGɫ棬û˿ܵ˼ϿҵҲڵϣҲյһ𣬾Ϳȣ˶ǴСѧģ·ңѾˡ
οĻδ˵꣬ǴСѧİ
ѧģȻѧģ˶֪ʦ˭ԷҲһɤӣ׷ˣڵǼҵѧҲͰˣû뵽ò֡
֪Ҫֱӡ
طGɤӸɬЩȰοĻͻȻ˵ˣֻôԼҲүСѧ䣬˭뵽ֵͷء
ֱǳ裬СļֵܣҲǿ
Ҳû˽͵͵ɣҲҪ츳ģû츳
ԼĵףڴüӡһǣŵЦſڣˣ£ݹȫͳɡ˵⻰Ȼɰˣͷͼʵû
ɤӣطGãԷеļܶԵͷˣŮ˸ûģǽиһᡣ
ͷЩԵãŶݹ~
ԼһָЦŵҲ٣䲻ʲôҲûսĵԹĿɱࡣ
˵Ļʱʶ࣬ʱ½ֹЩ£·˼ɻ䣬رǰǿ˼񣬾Ų
룬ܹճɹˣ˵Ļɹǿɱαˡ
ôһ룬ǵ㵭ΣͻȻ͵˺ܶࡣ
˵Ҫʵۣȫ¶ƿ֮УһŮˣʱܲһأ˵ԺŮ˵ԼǲԼжŮˡ
͵һθӣֵá
˰裬һ⣬ͻȻǰҲۣһƬպࡣ
ɣʲôҪģһ䣬ּġ
طGЦЦĿһۣβߴٵĿ£̵ĻأҪʲôҪ㣬õ𣿡
ͷһͻҪѽȻǰ첻ġ
ԭģڴУ»һԸ
ߺĲţβԼƵЦ᲻Ⱦζ
طGΣû˵ԸÿÿŵʱҪôǶԶԷǷҪôҪǷԷ¡
һҪ
ȾζطGζĿβѹյϵҵζ㲻Ⱦˡ
Ⱦ

ֿˣû֤ݣֻ΢΢ıһתƻ⣺궬컹ͦů͵Ĺ
ȷʵůͣڵģû˿⣬ѩûö䡣
µʱһҹȫ磬ɻҲ죬һ޵Σգۼûˡ
ʱ룬ү֮¶ˮԵѩǲѾʾףװ׵ĸѩʱôÿѩ֮󣬾һա
ţү˸ͺ׵ģ㴩ӦúÿطGСЦſڡ
ü΢Ҫھܾ޳ָǰ˹ܾ
ǲգ֮ǰЩԸǣʱô͵͵ıܵġ
ߣֻǲƤëˡ
лҪ˵ĹܰѾܾ˵ס
𣬡

 34 

ҹɫ, طGдŲţɤ, εģûӶû𣿡
ֻûԵƤݰ, ǰ׺ɫ, Ǵ, 类ȨϷˡ
ʣµЩɫ, Щɫ, ʵЩܲˡ
طGϸϸ䣬ǣʶ, 죬δϼǵƤ, Ϊð첻ϣ˭֪Ȼ
һδմƤݵ, ϡΧת˰ȦЦƣ˱㴩, ǿۣǱ, ЩϣҪġ
˵ȾºˣҲеġ
ͷЦŵ, ֻ˵ã˵һǸģҲ
Ů˵ľ֮ǣԸ⻨ʱ򣬻ʹԸκǣҲʱ·׼
ܾȻҲǲ
طGͷЦգĺãͻĽ
ͼ֮

ЦЦ֣󰡣ɳڣʱƺǺã
ˮལ˵ԼƺҲ˺ʲôľ
طGһڣЦƺߣҲү۰С̫̫
ΪҲϡ
ˣͷףϳɵЦˣȪǣҼ˼ѩͷ
֮ˡ
طGͷǼ
ԳһЦšһѣЦʲôû˵
һЩģһ˸ǷֱѾҪ˯
˯˯ɡȵһɣطGԭΪҪ֣˭֪Ƭֻ̣೤ĺ
뷨˿ͼȷʵ˯ˣǻ޵Ц⣬ҲŹ𴽽ǡ
§§طGҲű۾
ԭΪڶ˯ذ˭֪Ĺ򣬾ͼ˰Σӱ
ˣطGҲųʡ
°׵£ɿϵŴӣ΢һ¶ʵһɨһ˯Ҳʧˡ
Щź룬ԵأͻȻӴȫˣؼ˻رӣҲԶ㣬ǰȥƫƫֳԲ
ɺޡ
ôһ룬һ۲Ϊæȥ
ȥƲɣĸЩǵ
ҲֹҲҪȷˣͷʲô
Цҡͷȥģ۲ңصǡ
ô˵⻳ӲǶϷܲǡ
ЦҡҡͷֲģôĽ飬ֻҪ˶αް
طGڼ֮ɨӣ²СӷӦȽأæһ㶼͵
ԼʱҲ٣ʵá
үҲȥЩԥʡ
ͼҡҡͷԭֻʰˣԷ治ȥˡ
ҲԼĹڣǽطGǰ⵽ʱͻȻûˣûˡ
ͻȻһͻȻûˣʱĻ԰٣ǸȡˣϾҶ֪ôڡ
һҲûʲô£ǵѲ顣̽ʡ
طGֶӸµĿһۣ濪ڣȻүˣǱ߰ɡ
ûסһЦ֣Цŵˣһ߰ɡ
طGҲûסһĨЦ⣬ԹԵ£ϣ۾ֻ˯㽫§һƣųܻζû˯ã۾˯ȥˡ
һ·Ȼ£ѲˣЩƶȣǳƣӣֻѲ顣
طG˾𺳣֮ǰۻΧһȦֻɣҶйأġ
һβſˣÿ˸һȻ֣һ룬ϴףϻſ֣һЩˣСʣǺ
һʵĿ֣Ц˵ǿͷԵĶ˵ÿˮȥģðסʱվˣô
ָָһԴĸˣЦģʮء
ԭķӣϸϽⲻȥӣʮƲ࣬ȴҲǶԷʮĹǮò˵֮⸾˸ɾˣ޲ðƴϡ
Ǹ÷ӡطG˼ò˵ĹǷǳԣ˵ʱ򣬿ˮ磬µʱ˵лġ
Ǹö֪Ǯʡ
ʲôܰϣǲҪࡣ
ЦҡͷȻʱ򣬲ЦſڣǷȥҲǲ˵ġ
ûöϰߣôҲҪ㶫
طGͷ˵
˲ţͷѲӣطGèǵʱ򣬱Щ߲ˣͣ￴á
ǵĹʵ˾̾Ųǵģţţͱèģ
ȻЩ񣬿ϸҲʲôˡ
СôһͦÿġطGϸϸ۲죬סĿޡ
Цǿɲܵ
˵μУžŰʮһѣɮ˵Ůѹһܸ磬нġ
˵ܷΪģǶкܶˢӣѵ
ЦӼһתȥд飬װһߣطG˼Ŀţ²Ϊ˷ֹб˽ң
һ˵Ǽѷ
㿴ϣƷ˭ץһѣҲ˵õ¡
ЦˣȥȥҪƵģⶫ˭ٵģм¼ΪʲôģҲмѭ
֮ˣЩʵ̫óһʱˣľˣԳϵ
طGͷһ·ߣһ·߶߶˵Щɵþ̾Ĵϻ۳̶ȣԶ
˭֪ԷرĻأĸ׵뷨߲ˡ
ȻǵģһʲôôԼˣñӣһ۵ȥ
ʷϣҲ˶ǽŸԽƵá
طG͵һЦûж˵ʲô
˵ʲôʲô
һЩۣϾһʲôûʵˡ
ȥʱѾͷбһ㲻Ը⶯ˣŽڣѽ۰ࡣ
ĽѾϰˣЩƣ۵ᣬûе¡
طG죬ôָʹһûˡ
ô
㣬࣬Ҫ

СҪе࣬طG䷳ϸϸţֻţȾЩԾˡ
ܵ⣬Բ˫оǲš
ޡ
ˮ˫סڵŭ
ƫƫʹܻӭ
طGЦЦүʲô޲硣
ҶѲϵˡ
ܡĿڡ
طG̾һʲô˵ģЦˡ
Ȼô˵ˣΣ˱ֹؾصģӵĻɫ϶ɾĹӡ
˵ԭˣֻһЩѳֲס
ˣү㡣
ߺӦˣﺬ˵Żתָ˯ˡ
طG˲侪ˣΪ͵͵ˣţĿ˯˶ã˯ˡ
ĸ֣Сʣ˯
ĸпԣεյĹ򡣡
˵ԽطG･͸ԼƣֱʣϸЩ˵
ĸԭӣһֱӹأʹɣԭҲû˵
ﻹеģЩǴҲ˵
طGۣūŶ˵ЩˣֻҪϲͲ˵ʲô
ӻ֣ȥ
Եǣֵ˯ôһƫˡ
ôˣ̾һˣһҪʸôҲҪƽǡ
ò˵˯񾲣մ죬Ǻÿ
طGδôһ죬ῴű˯һһʱ
µòյ˫̵ͦıǼ⣬ҲĿϸϸ棬Ĵμ΢΢Цһ㴽飬Եཱུǡ
ǴһڣЦЦͼˡ
طG
΢ȵĴлڣ΢΢͵̧ԭүҲôպʱ͵ʲôģֱ롣
˲պգβżֱ죬ĵǼѩһۡ
طGɫǧĵģһʱҲָ⣬ֻ
裬ֻǲǻУ㽫ˣֻ¼
ڵĿ˿Է񼫾ԣסؿڣС࣬ʵЩС¹ײ
·
顣
Լһһ£Ҫǻ
ɼ䣬ȵѹЦ˺˯ǿ˲үЦʵѳֲס
Ϊݷ̧°ӭϡ
һһڣһڣûһδţֱӾ˯ˣ˰죬ɲǶˡ
߰ɣȥԷ
طGϸĵݣĹߣ⣬ʵͦ·ġ
ȵָḧͷͦõģһЦǣһߡ
һ˳ϽкŰѷ˶
˿̲סƲ죬Ҳ̫嵭ˡ
峴ݿˣ⻹ʲôͷ
ĸ˵طGһۣȣĸĿڣ嵭ЩΪá
˲⣬ЩԸ
ζأ峴ʵЩˡ
˰ΣίͰ͵ˣ峴ǰˮֲûгԹ
طGһڣζɣȰʳԭ͸嵭ǶԵġ
ᣬʲôըġյģٳԣõʳǸˡ
˹գûٽ˵ʱǾס˵ģ˵˵ŴͲˡ
տʼȷʵˣĳҲǺģֻ˸Բ̫ʦϻ˻źЦԱ˾ˬ
ղŶץӷεܣ㻺ˡ
طGЦӣÿͶʱ㣬˷ֱɢʳŶԣɲˡ
һӰѷ˯ˣͷԣƲסɳԳˣθĸر
촽һ촽˵ľ˵̿ˣʱЩͲסŶҶ
ôˣ˵ʲô
طGһۣȻô
࣬ԳһЦһᣬû˵Ĳȥ
˵Ӣڣ˵Ҳǣڣʲô㾡ˡǿʶ
߼ˡ
طGգһۣβεү
ԵС΢͹ɼԶˣչķ˼óԣҲû
˵ղԣֱһȰү߿ɺã
úúСЦ
ҺѾܾĻҲѶ˵֡
طGЩǣ֣Ժţǰϻɵü
ͨ飬һ˼Ҷ֡
׳ɣǺֲܴڵƤɻ֣ЦҡҡͷŲͷˣû𡣡
ʲô˵ͨйһ˵
˶޷ϱټʮϰˣҲһʷ֤ܿƤһһĻۣһôһ㣬ɵò²⣬ǷһС궼ߡ
̶̵Ŀ̺ۣܼ֤һӵĳɳ
ЩۣЦСʱҲС
רǽլϧȻֹȻˣҲˡ
˵ĵ䣬طGͷЦŴȤү㻮ÿ궼Ҫء
һѪĿڣңһ꣬ûˡ
СأΪʲôͲˣһ˵Ļ⡣
˵õĶʮһܣʮ壬ѾͣͲˡ
ӡ
ټٵĿһطGĽ§ֱӱ˵һ仰ͺˡ
ǵãүԶӡôСһֻȦڻˡ
һʱ֪øжǸôȻǺõģԶôߣ䡣
ˡ˹֣ǵı鿴κ˺ߣˣһ᳤ĸ߸ߵģһߡ
ֱȻ쳤첲Ҳûߣڵ֣ǿôߣ
طGȭ洽ȣܵĵͷɣôߡ
Щ˰ɣǱ֣Ҳûߣ˵ߣ˵Q£ôˡ
˹գЩ
Щ
ãүĽȻ᳤ıүߡƵЦֱӽ˾٣ЦʱҲү
ǴȤˣôܱһˡ
䣬ݣ׺ݣ~
طG
¡ȵģ밴ǽס

ô槼ı黹ɣ׺ݣ治ĿǰĳܷΧ
Щˣ޺
ɵԲģɵر˶ԳһַǳƵĸо
볤Ȼơ
ǰշ˵ʱİѱóѹһ
ټʦǵİæûһͿء
طG§§ЦŻأүˣ㳤ү
룬úǲܽܡ
ôݺݵſϣʣ㱻ˣô뾭ѵ¡
طGζ񣬽ͷɨһ飬Ƶ˵
ȻǼٵģӳǰǾ֭ˮңˮཽεΣһģͷȥˡ
˸ɫˣȴûмôһͷȥ
ֻ˵ǽⶫôᣬǸͷɹҵģͰЩͷ
ⲻûչǽͷͶһЦ̵Ĺ
˵ĻԼţתЦˣҲЦѹѹЦʣ˵ǲǼɫ⣿
Լūòһ֣Ǹǣȥ޻~
Ϸǻͦ㣬̶̫Щ
طGӵңһθҭˣε˵Ӵ蹷ȿȿȡ
Լδ˵֪꣬ʧԣһ۴ͼСûĵЦţӴ蹷
Ҫǹ˼󣬺޲Ц
طGͷֱӶסǴ꣬׼ģԵϢܳɰɡ
Ҳʡġ˵ҲǣУƫƫһʱȫꡣ
˹һţ£ЩΣգɣɣײǹ߻ҰЩ
ѣǲҪΣˡ
طGһû˵ʲôֻ۵ӿûȥڴϣε߻ĥˡ
ԼЩԩɲģЦȴס죬һؿڳ˭˵ȥ
Цţûһ򣬾ĽŲͣͷⲽʣˣ
ҹˣĸ˵Щ˯ĪҪ֡
ţ
˶һۣЩڵɤӣӦ£ɣ֪ˡ
ЦתطGֹ˹ѹЦ߲ߣ
طGεĵطףҲ˵ߡ
ץ˸ţҲ˼ĺˣڱñͷ˴յĽ˵Ļ
㲻ôطGССʡ
ղ˯һھءѧССĻء
һһģʼ˵ʱˡ
ʱ£رȤִսЩʣСʱʲôر£
Ӻһʵۡ
׶ʱڵ£öôдɫʣʲôʱϼ֮ࡣ
˭֪طGѹأүСʱ򰡣һֻС
УһֻСͣرĹɿɰŵȣǴġ
ϲΪ޾
أһھͺˣǵûֻĹʷϺܳһֻ
ȻطG˵ѽû¡
ôûģٽ˵ǰʾţĽֲôá
һֻèҪѹèСЦָͷϻè
طG룬ʣ˹èϲ۾Ư
ҡͷִ˴գè
úúãġطGִһèˣʲôʲô
ѾûˣҲҲز
̵Цˣţĺ೤
һ˯Щ£Щ֪ϦϦĴżͷһתطGͷǲ𣿡
žͶƬˣҲ̫ˡ
طGһǣү˵˰죬ûˣһƣüһ˯úó
ӣЩԶԡ
ЩĴɤӣȻȣǰɣϾЩˡ
㣬طG¶һĨЦСʱĿ£ʱִĿɰô䣬ĵģ
ӱӣԹԵϴһߵȥѲӣǱߵİװֽ֪ôˡ
ڲִʱҪװֻȥװµǣʲôԼȥŪ
װҲһѧʣЦȥۡ
طGͷɣү㿪ۡ
һӣʲôöûõſۡ
һʱ˲ʹˣԭװֽôིüģЩԶԣβŻⶼĵӣ
Ȼǣֱó
ȻǣǮҳġô˵Ҳԣӵģһ㶼ûá
ǸɫװֽطG˼ԭⶫ
βװʱ򾩳ôҪֽƷװĶӦ׬Ǯ
طG顣
ô˵ǣڵǳѾŵˣҪһЩΧˡ
ĵ㹻ȴҲЩȨע⣬ٴЩͲһˣǸŮˣҪ̫󣬵ʱŪǾ̰Ĳˡ
ĹǣȻҲ֪ģεүںͷ㻹
ͷ¡
Ȼʱб䣬ŵТܲʻʺȵźλλԽߣӸĵλԽߣ֮βŮ
ôʱ򣬵ĲҵΪѵʱΪӵɣƫ̻
һɰһýȢĸ
˵ҲڶԷǰ
ݣҶ㲻ϡ
ңҲݹã֤ġ
ѽС٣ֺαΪԼ¾ͺܺˡЦӯӯĿڣֻЦ⵽׸ڱ棬۵ס
ݾǵب֮䡣
˵һҪܵˣûʲôԺȻ̸ɽȵȵǸòſǵ⡣
һʱ䣬ǿЦЦûж˵
طGһۣһߣͫɫ
š͵͵Ļд޵Գ
ѵûĲɣ飬ҲǷ곡Ϸô˵ʱǹҶϸ׼
طG֣סºۣɵַŻЦүĺý
ȻģⱲӾֻġ
»ȪĶӡ
˶Цģ˲ĶͷͲڣҪʮ㻨ɱͶҪǿˡ
ԭǴȤһӳҲʮһſھʮ򣬵ӵˣһ硣
ʵô˵ҲЩյġ
նʲôԭ򣬾ǲαطǵǿʱʱóΪοա
طGЩܣοǮȥ̽һˣԷͷöܣҲ֪ΪΪԸ
طG޲˲˵ͷһͻ
Ҫ죬ĻţǸ֣öѿ                        
лҪ˵ˣӴǡ

 35 

á
ٿȻ̧, ЩŵĿ
һͷ磬óʮ, ʵס
ǲŵ߹ġ
˭֪ԷɴӦʱһʱζ, Ӽˡ
ҡڣҺ˵ġ
طGͷ, ͣԥ, үжټҵס
ŵ, ͱġ
, Һ˵ġ棬ϵЦ֮ɫҲˣ˶ָ, ĵǸҾǲˣһ˵
طGͷ, ֪
һ仰˵ĴֱӺۿ, ŨҵξҪûҲá
αǮƲģҶԼ䡣
Ӧ, ˣӦ, ˸ס
طG§§ǳү֪ΰ㣬ϡʲôʲôǡ
Ҫ, У
һ꣬óԼǻᡣ
ɣɵɬ
ɡ
͵ͻһ繵᲻
طGһ§§û£

ʯͷԼĽŵĸоˬˣЦɣоǧ⣬ɫӲա
Ϊ⣬ӵ˵˺ܶ࣬˭Ҳκβ˭ֻ˶ΣãΣ
طGĿ˰Ρ
ɡ֪װɵʱֵˡ
һʱžҲһôƬ̹򣬾ûûεЦһȥ
ֳɵͶҪײҪҲܰۡ
طGãԼٱڵķŴ󣬽佾ֹǽôããʶ֡
ľͳɣαԼȥһˡҪƼð磬ˣ˼ʷ
֪ĹǣɵȰֳϿҲϰ
˵ͬݵģҲû˸ȥ
طGΣʲôС񣬲ɵõͷɡ
Ǿܾġ
õ϶𸴵ĴһЦ˵ʲôͼĸת˺öȦʹɫʹ۶ҪˣɵúĴչȥɻˣ
ĸߣԶЩСӡ
ûǵڶˣʱˡ
ȻһطGһ֣ûûҹģȫһˡ
꣬ˣСӲǰ϶¡ԸⱩ¶طGǰλ֪кӣȻߡ
ŹҲѪ⡣
߶߶˵˰ΣĸԥԥȻˣƽ±עЩ
˵ǲѣҼҵģڼɻ䣬˿Ǻá
ͷɵĲˣ˵˵Ѿϰˡ
ĸ˿ȣܳȥˣ
ʲôүŪ
ĵģʱͳˡ
ӣݵĹ˹գˣطGʵʱ򣬱ε˵̫ˣȥ
طG̽ĿһۣԵûж˵ʲô
һϲ࣬ﰮЦʵǿӲµūţûκһϽģ˵һǽڡ
ȥͲȥҲȥ
ҪţᳵӣҲǲ¥ż䣬ƹ̣ϸϸѡԸּ̯ۻۣǲе顣
͵һЦȥ԰
ǲܳȥҪȥġ
ˣڼůѣҲȥˡҲԼԼȷҪˣƣ޵ᣬúƣۡ
طG
Ǵ˵еŮĺ룬²š
ɡطGһЦǴշ紵֣žϲ
ȡ
ʴЦ𣬾ʵÿô
ȻͻȻκ죬ҧŴ꣬Ͱ͵áÿ
ǼӢģ͹Ͳô֣ԽԽŲۣĶ⣬ÿˡ
طGһЦִսЩ֮ľ벻һȭŵЦſڣϲ࿴
֣˵ֵͣȵĺϣ΢⡣
ϵĺα²ȥˣ˰պļɬڣɣ𡣡
߰˵طGʲôΨ£ǰԵ
ǴӡһǣŵЦñǼȥĥǳĴ˵¶ȡ
ֹһͨ󣬴һߣԹ˵ʶҺΣȴ֪Դʶ֬Ҳûù
طG̲סЦɲˣպϼ̬ܲԡ
ģɱ֬ˡ֪ܲڶϵ͵˵չβϼκ죬Цֱ
ĺһۣ۲ˮǹˡ
ĪҪ֡
طGѹףζˣһɵġ
Զԣ޳ܣһٸҲطGĽڣ벻˽ﾹ
ʶʱһձԹ
˵꣬Ǽ㱻һ£طGЦʶʱүʲô
ôһ˵ˣֱ֣΢΢̧°ͣѧطGƤбһۣٸûƵ뿪
طGЩ£Щɵġһ
ŴԳԵЦЦˣŵʱ
طGͷһ£Цҡͷʱһ˳뵽ﾹ㡣
ȡڵɤӣطGͷһӲתƻ⣺㾹Ȼѵס
Ҳûӵ£ƽ͹¶æ꣬Ų
ů⴦Цţֱһ˳ֳһͿ
طGЦüģҲ
ֲ֣ܺһʵЩ尾
ƽʱһʱңȻعѾϦ£ɫϾҪűл
ƨɣ죺Ҳ̫Ӳˣƨɡ
طGԶԣû֪ǰϹ˲ɡ
ϣƽ࿴˭һۣǶĪˣʲôôˣ󲻹һ䣬̫Ӳˡ
ЦĿ˹գЦȻǲɵġ
Ҳ˵ˣҲ³طGЦҡҡͷײܺ
ԼȣȷʵܽʵϾÿղⲻϣԭͲŮҲûӵ¡
Ķ̲סЦʱҲôһ˵
ЦЦţ̲סЦˣò˵չ뷨ĸоʵ̫ˡ
ĸɤӣʾЦķСһ㡣
ϽΣЦĻ֦Ҳĸĵջ񣬱طGһЦҪׯжׯװļˡ
˫һۣβ΢΢һһЦģıƣ
طGɫЩε̾˿ѽ
ǡ
Цһڣߡ
ڼͷһ죬ͷʲôˡ
һӣͱһͷ
䣬ĸڵǸ죬˫ڵʱвãǰʱǣź죬ѩ죬ȴڿҰ
ľһţҲᱻ紵ȥ
ôţ̲סһ̾תʱЦ⣬Цŵƣⶬ壬ȴһ⾳ǿݺƵãէһְֲܣϸϸͣȴŲۡ
طG˳ĿȥֻһƬɵա
оطGͷδ˵ͼԺſһСϱ˵һͺһʱֶ֪Ƿˡ
˴ʾȥӭӭЦˣ
޶ҵۺ棬ȴ֪ûʣǽŵӵݸ㶹ƣŸģǿɿڲ
Ҳ˼ԵĶʣһСʳ˵ʲôġ
Цӹ׺Ͳ޶ҵĵӴЩЦʣ֪λСɾǣ
ŻЩɬֻǹȲһƾ֪Ƿˡ
Ҳʲô˼ھӣ֪ݣź
ЦЦԶ硣
⻰һ޶ҵ˲ˣЦҵҵľұ硣˼ۣһ㶮ŵŲвŮòģʵȡ䡣
״û˵Ҳ˵̫˼ĺˡ
ţҲǡ˵Ҳûл˵һ䣬޶۵½ˡ
һţ̲סЦˡ
ЦʲôطGۣ²ɵˡ
ЦҸھӼҵ˵Ǳ磬˼ҿвŮòЦ¶СŮòȡ
ͼס֣Ȳ˵˿ÿͿġ
طG˴ͷ˶٣ƿڣ߻㣬ʩ棬ܣ˲һ
̫١ЦͷĿڣ˵Ůˣк𣿡
طGϸϸĴ΢΢üۺÿˣ΢΢˶ҧŴ£ɾ
ļ֡
ΪϲΪΪΪ꣬һĶˣʲô
үУûŮˣֻ㡣
ס֣ǰһһٵ˵
һֱͻȻ˵黰ж֪˽͸
䶼ǺƵãԭֻЦҲɬ
һʱ°ͣżСǴӡǣҵУûˣֻ㡣
һ仰Ʒζ죬黰ˡ
΢ЦǰطGͻȻƲסЦɵƵãЦˡ
ЦģֱŴѹ£ӸµףȻô˵Ǿ͸ˡ
ֻҪ£ֻˡ
׻ȥЦԭˡ
˰Ǳ鲻飬жôϲб°ϲѹȥ

ûн
н
Цⲻ䣬ЩźЦſڣɣǻ𡣡
طGȻһոЦ̲סŷ
Сǽ۵һڣЦſڣү꣬ү֪Ḻ㡣
ã޴ʱ콵أƽеĴˣҲö˿ˡ
βָ˹ʲôû˵
ȥµʱطGʢ´ΣأǱ
ҵ¶Уֻʮĵһˣֺο
ҲǰģֻⰮͷ˶ƣԼƶɡ
С֪һûڶǰҲ֪ﲻϲ
º磬лҪЩʱЩ£֪
ʶ˵ٳһЩڻʰǰͳԵϧҲ
Ŵůͣʵÿÿʰ괫٣ҪڱѩﶳһͿԸʰ裬˵ǲͺ
ⶼΪã˲һôڣݵ͡ʱǹ١ϣ˵С
طGӦ£Ρ
˵ʲôȰԼ£Щʶ˵ҲܰοԼ١Ǵգϰϣһ¡
ɵ¶еݵͣǰ֮ӣҪСʮĽʱֵܣûõģ
鵽ƣҲ˵ʲôˡ
ôһˣĿС
طG򴺽ЦҲŹ𴽽ǡ
ڣ
ˣԷɡشι
ӣһ㶼öǹԹԵĸһȥ
ͻȻʲôʣȣԺӣ𣿡
˵ǰҲûȥʹⱲӸǳǽµʸûС
طGԶԣĨ˰ȻǱСġ
ôఢ缷ڱһֵܷĵطôȻûСԺӴ
꣺û뵽
ؽ粻ͬҲôȵġ
˵Żȵϣ嵭ʳʱ򣬴ϵЦˣĸֵͣҶҶö˵
ʮ»̥ʮµ̵¡
طGǽãȵţ˻ȰԳԣ;óˡ
һԵر٣ٵطGüͷѵôҲóԱˣǲǡ
˶ӣȷʵûнųԵ˼εҪһݣ
һֱû˵
ڱ޷԰ΣԵ٣ȻΪ𣬶
˻ûͿʼθʵʱʳǾܾģһİʳơ
Ϊ˲ǰ¶ߣʵ˺ôĹ򣬲ŰǹŻ¡
ţ̲סˡ
׳ԵЩ
£ԭͲųԵˡȼˮŽ¡
طGɵĿۣǱó±࣬Ȼˣôůů
ԹԵͷطGɫЩԡ
ǲܹԵģ͵͵½㼦ţȻţ棬һͣôθ
һ˵Ҫͼĸҡͷɣ˵ŮŴףȻཽ㡣
ԶԣֻдҪ׺Ҷţʵûζٳ嵭Ҫˡ
߶߶ּۻۣĸҪ˵ںͷ˴ϽҶ˵ˡ
ͼطG߹ڻվһϮɫۣԵУżˡ
ƵɫУҲ˼壬Ȼ䣬Щٱζ                        
лҪ˵ˡ

 36 

, Ŀǳ
΢΢һЦֱǰסĸ첲, ȥ
ĸû˵үָܲ, ʵҲЩ, гĺ, Գۡ
ֻҪ, ⷴӦ, סġ
ֻߵЩķӦЩҶһɻء
طGɫƽ, һʱ俴ʲôЦ, 飬ʲôľԱ
̼
ޱ롣
Ȼصҵʱ, طGֻľŻڣʵڳԲ, ͸Ϸĳ˾ͳԵĵ, ء
˵棬Ƭ̣ҲǲԵڣǲó, ͷǵóԡ
ǣˡ
ԴطGǳЦſڣɣүҲǡ
ʰѵ⡮ϲŭ޳ʱҲʡԼǷҪһʰеĹɰ磬ʲôʲô
ǺԼ
Լʰеĺð磬ȴҲԼ
У˶ٰѧĵ
򴺽ôأһӦУ۳裬ΪʲôҲĻ
ѽ̾ϢڸС
еϧɼЦЦһڣЦССͣʲôͷģ
طG˳ķ˿Цͷӡ
ҭһ£ԳԵЦ
ĵͦãͷǼͷӡ
طGſڣЦĪӣСŮ
طGµĴҲôԽܡ
СŮ͵͵Ļ
һԲˢɴǵһĨ΢Цĵ˵ͷ԰СŮ
ǲģлڶԷһƬ⣬ȴΣգһڵĸо
طGĶཱུĴȣģȻǲͬġ
°ɡ
ҵϤƣһѣĵš
ʵΪ˰ΣŻڣǰأһʢʱһ˼ţ
ͷҪĹ¡
طG˵˸Ůн
Ѿȴǹţͼǵͳ˵ŮĻòȴû˵˼ҡ
ͷӼ˵İ£궼˵ġ
ţһδſ·ͿڴСߴǰǵҪ˼ϱ
˿˵û֤ݡ
ţ̰ͼɫʲô˸顣
طGζУƤ
Сһհ°Ľ˵óʣ˭
յϣЦ֪ʲô𣿡
ȡɤӣЦûûΣСŽˣˡ
˵زװɵЩ˵ȥˡ
˵ʲôطG˵СǴģʲôȱΨȱľӡ
գգۣһ޹ǵ͵͵˼ЦСӣøǰ˵ѽأǹԹԵģ˩ģ㲻ԣ˩ġ
̲ס۾رɵı֤öȻˡǽ㣬ôҲܡ
طGһۣĵõܻܣҲԵĻǡ
ʲôֲ˿ģգ۾ŬԼ޹͸¶
طGһЦرĿڣأ
ͷ˵ʲôʲô飬ʲô˵˳Ļ
ô˵ƵЦ
˭δӺֻǸ磬ǼǳĹ׶ȻҲǲġ
Ͱ͵գգۣޱȣ֪ҵġ
طGĵһۣ˵ͷʲôҲ˵ˡףôпֻţԼԲ˺ܶ࣬ûһ̲ס
ҪܵʱһҪıϸЩʡı׽ûεˡ
߶߶˵ţûһ򣬴ͱ۾˯ȥˣ׻˯ڣƣʱʱ̿˯ÿʱÿۣ̾ôҲϢ
طGۣһЦҲű۾
йŮһ𣬾Ǹޱ˯ֱ˲š
ڶһ磬һۣͿطGԺЩţطGͷʣӦúæ𣿡ôп֡
طGĨһϵĺˮЦſڣʲôȲҪ
Ҳţֻ֪ˡ
ò˵ʵȽůġ
߻ˡò˵ĺܿġ
һۣ̲סٿһۡˮЩʱҲ㣬ϵĺˮ˳°ͻ۳һΣԸˡ
ȥϴϴᵽһÿ꣬ε顣
طG̤ȥʱ־δ
ܳԣܿˡ
Цк
طGɻͼߵߵܹϿһڣЦ𡣡
һˡ
طGڵɤӣֵͣķɿߣֻ´ͨĶЦ
һ⣬ķӦŪҲЩɬԷʱӴ̲סЩ㡣
ȣطGһϺʽȣ۽գû
ͻȻ˴˼Ҫιι
˵ǣԼĵĹǺ
ƫƫطGֱӺ˶ǰͣſڡ

һԲ£ֱ֪˵ʲôá
գһʱ䲻֪ò죬ȴطGЦᣬĿߴ١
óԡϸϸ̾ɼˡ
طGü۴ЦּһӲˣŵߣʾϽԡ
ڵ򴽰꣬ǿǰһ̵ջû𣬾ͻջǵġ
Լ˭֪ͱˡ
طG֪Щ£ȻϾܾͷҲϲģʶִĽǣ͵졣
԰ɡ
ͲסſڰѲ˸ˡ
˭֪һͲʰ
طGֱһԼˣֻеι
˵ʵ˵ʹʹãһ㶼ûԡ
ųţԳȤζˣҲιŶȴһĳԣ;˼ˡ
㲻Լ˱һѣԶ֪ʲôز
Ҳ˶Ū˼һѿֻ¶һѽ
죬Ȼ˵ĲǺ¶˼ˡ
طG򣬲ò˵ǵ£Ҳ˲ˣԶʵͷһ⡣ 
ɿ̺Ĵֵ꣬ıݣ΢΢͸ĶѿУ־Ө
ԼЩ޿ɾҩˡ
óԡЦŴչ˾֮ζ͸Ĳͬ
һ˫һ۵ɵԲգҿȴĽչ
ɡǳЦŻЦҵĶҵˡ
ô˵ţЦ۾΢΢طGˣбһͷãүˡ
ԼˣͷϳԵҲ޹ؽҪġ
˳ԸӲǳԳֲĸˣ˿ȣʾǲҪˡ
Ź÷
ɢʱɵøп˯˯˳ԣȻͷ
طGһӯһյţ˭ݳǻҪ
үĽСŮһء
룬ɷнµĵͷСŮ
ʲôСУһڣͼطGıһѾϸ룬ȷʵˣطGʵ
Сɰ
طG
Ը⿴Ǵӣûۿ
ٺһЦߣһߵȥɣպã⼸ʵЩˡ
Ǵסˣػغü죬ûͣʱֲԼ飬طGϵ׸ʳˡ
طGУҪȥ棬ǱȻʲô԰÷ӣ԰ģû뵽ĳȥ棬ֻȥԺӺһƬյһȦ
Ĳ¡طGüûˣ
ͷԡ
Ȼȥģûôĸɨˡ
ȥģЦʡ
磬үȥӹ¥ơʶŶ˵ǻʰǴլӲ˵ʵЩϾǰ̫סĵطʵЩH
ⶫҲû޵ء
һ¾룬ͦģһڣ᲻˰
ȻˣǶԷˡ
طʹǺܽģҪǱˣʱҲ˵壬ҲԸǰ
ϾĺѣҲǰκһֵסĴڡ
طGЦЦĿᡣ
˵㲻ᣬȥռϷ磬յĻңطGĿУ̽ͷ˵һ䣺ʰһ
ƽ泯죬ȫӲˮƽӲǸţҲųų档
һ죬Щ£žӱȻΣЩ޴֡
Ҳ߶֣ôͻȻˡ
ױƣͷװҲȫģϧδ򿪹
ĿߵļѾߣҲǸһûⶫ
ϸ壬ԭòϷۡӣ۱Ȼ죬ҲЩ޴֣֪ô졣
طGڷ¿˰Σ̲סЦˣˣʣԭòЩ
ͺܶණûۣ֬Ҳԭڡ
͸죬覣ü鶯ݰףմۣ֬ԳڣÿԸӡ
һӳ졣֪ôģ䡣
֮ǰ˵ģĽ֣һߣɲһɣ治֪δȥ
߰ɡֻһѣЦĸţɵúߣʲô𣿡
û
˲Բ˫׸ÿ𣿡
Ȼδش𣬵طGãһһСľ⡣
㴩ʲôÿÿ
һܵ˼Ҳ̫ˣǱÿ̲סϲ̵ЦЦЦ־òԣ۾ͦҰ
ɰͰͳԴ׵еɰطGˣɿһڣŵ㣬˭õү壿
ݣֻսսķݡ
壿Ρ
ϵЦֹסȴģӲǿʶ˭֪
ůϺ
ů⣬طGǳүΣĲ֪
⻰ϣҲƽƽôãȻˣүǶˣôӻɫϡ
ܡ
ˡ
ȡɬɤӣװ𴦷羰ֻһۣ̲סߡ
û뵽ûˣԸˡ
ĺһͼϧ֮ܿסλãߵߵľ߹ˡ
ӦһϵЦģֻǻδ߽ͿطGʱϵĹࡣ
ǺܿĵĴչ꺮ůʦ־ۻᣬæµûйȥ
ͷĻ⼸գ
طGȴЩݣһһڴǰŹϧ֮ͷ
ϧ֮ıҲָȻҾܶԷڸǰպκһˣ˵ˡ
ԹԵͷЦһԣټٵĸطGѣ㣬㹻С
һ£ϵӵڣ
طGҭ˸Ǻ˴һۣû˵ʲô
֮ü۹˾ֻһ㶼͡
ȥʲôϧ֮ʡ
ȥδլӡء
˵طGеĲݴﵽ壬ǰһ׽˵סƤЦⲻЦĿ룺Ҫһȥ
ȥôɫˡ
áϧ֮һӦ¡
طGı飬һ˦ӣϧ֮ʲôûԹʲôͷû͹氡Ҳ֮ϴ£ٸˡ
լӣҲиԵĹơ
ʱ߻ʱҲðļڣǰ˽ûʲô
һһǰͷߣĸ첲ЩԶԡ
ʲô޳ֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
ϧ֪֮طGݣ֪ģûÿӡ
ʹ˸ɫϧ֮δ˵ʲôͼطGһ죬ֱӰס±˵ɫˣסˡ
һССѽ
ϧ֮£Ÿֽɰˡ
һطGҲŲˣָĴֵַĸ󣬲
˵֪߲ӣֱ˵Լݣϧ֮͵ùŸ˵ûǿϡ
һ䣬£ȴůĵĽ
~Ŀ˿ģЦˡ
һԽߣ·ԽҲԽ١
ż߹Ҳģǽ߲ҲƮ
쵽ˣϧ̲֮סü⡣
ؽ硭ɲ򵥣һլӣɵݣҪˣ򴺽ɫ̲ס̾һ
ˣܲˡ
ԼŮˣլԺԼһ£һۣҲŹԷ
㲻ռҲ㹻һŮˡ
ǶԷ㹻ߣܽӡ
طGĽŲͣһլԺǰ̫ǰʱûʲô̫֮ǵĹٷ߰ǽƽƽ棬ΨһͬĵطǾǱѰͥԺЩ
̺źţ㹻ϧ֮սľ
̫ࡣ

ʲô˽ܣѾԼԼµһ㣬ȴԾɲţĿ򴺽ͼԾɺɫһʱҲȷ֪˽̫͸
Էһڣˡ
üУⱴոôҲҪƻֺǣôôģ
лҪ˵̫ɽ˼ҹĸ磬ҵǰ~

 37 

ǡһ紵, һƬҶ£ƽį
طG, Ҳζӡ
طG̫෿
ԭϵһһ, ˭뵽, ĸۡˡ
Ҫ޵ġطGɤ, 
ϾǰլԺư, ôҲֱס, ôҲǰա
ϧѻʰʮĻȥįĴ, һоڲи쾡¡
£żءڰο, ô룬Ϊʤ, ǶǶݵģһջϻλʱ, ȫµˣûʸֱ, 
طGһû˵ʲôϧ֮ҲοҵԼġ
˼˸, ʲôܺˡ
طGһ˵ĵͷŴͻСԺϧ֮иһ˼ɵúߣ
֪к£
Ҳɻ˵ֱ˵û߰ɡ
ˣϧ֮ЦЦ˸ԣҪҪ
ôһ˵ЦӯӯİͷӭһЦǿͣ㶯أԷЦЦһ㶼𣺡Ȼϲȥɡ
ϧ֮Цһû˵ʲôȥˡ
Զҳǲģ룬ϧ֮ڴǰǾӡ
ڳſڣƵæɵЦһ֣Ǿˡϧûϡ
˵ҲǣǸ׻ڣΪСĹŵӣϧ֮ôҲڳͷתƣһϧ
㣬ΪӲƵһ
ϧ֮ЦϲͶԵ㣬󡭡ʣµĻû˵޳ܲܳԵһˡ
ǱȽƶļƻеͨϾļѣ˵ݸˣǴӳǶᵽĸգ˵֪ˡ
ɽȥլԺͲȷˡ
Ȼûд̫Ǹʲôؽ磬ǵ˭֪
Ǹͷҹģôһƫˡ
ˮЦǣЩԭȤȢϱȻҪϱԵģ˼û˵ڡ
ܾѾܲˣ˵ЩԷĿӡ
ʦ֣ģǸ²ǿ˵á
ǣЦ̣һڲȥУطGű˼ۣǲʹ졣
ΪԼˣ˲үǲˣ
Źһ£Ҳ˵СƤ
עȻֻ߹˰ΣЩŵЩǲǾҪˣ
ǳһۣǷҲ˵ʲôɶԷȻˣ˵ʲôѽ
ϡ
ֿ˿ǹ壬һ˫ֱķǳϸֻۣսĵطĥϸƤİӣʵȹүʲô
һۣʵЩˡ
մ˴ͷʣ۲ۡ
ӺȻҪز۵ģԼţôʣʵȽϷܡ
û뵽طGƣѧӹ˹գίͰ͵Ŀڣۡ
ܵĴ˲Щˣǲ֪ôӦɰͰ͵ִ˴ɴУߵߵȥã͸ˡ
õûʡ
æıǼⶼðϸȫԺطGЦЦڴʱһһүر۵ӡ
ҴҸ꣬ϧ֮رȥһ۰ĹӣЦһƻȻҪޱȣôѰʱôС˺ߡ
Էˡϧ֮ȵķϣתЦһ᣺㳢ϲϿڡ
ŵζˣʱ²ô⣬ΪһŵζǾ˹ϧ֣֮ĺóԣζҲûˣر֣־
طGǶСĹͷӣʵЩ²ȥ֣֣ʣܳԣ
˵ϲ̨棬ʵᶼûᣬٻڹĲϣʵǹζ̫Խܡ
ͷЦóأ
طGŰɣζǾرġطGĿ¶ɻЦŵġ
ʱոԭҲûھӼҵеľ춯أǲ֮󣬲֪Ǳˣּãˡ
һʶԸкóԡ
طGһʱ֮û׹˵ˣͼϧ֮ڵȣԼȲ²˲أһ֪ôˡ
˺͹ϧ֮һĶ㡭
СҼҵģʲô˵
һЦȥܾŵˣ̵ĳʦֵĺã˻ԡ
ʱ򣬺棬ʣµҲˣԹԵĳԶ
һһ˺޲úһȥϧ֮ѵˣٳЩԣԺٸţ
죺껪ʲô˾ˡ
Сʱע⣬˹ܵġطGĽһ䡣
һˣգܹܳӮվͳһսߣǵø˵Դ˵ģ֤һúõûˡ
ʲôСɺϰߣ˲ѡ
Ȼһָ˵ĸо
ʳʵǳԵеˣĿڶЩ£Ƶ
ĺһž泩Щ
ͼϧ֮üôˣƣ
طGҲſϸϸĴΣڱΧûз࣬ŷЩһɨ̲ס˶١
ĶͷʵЩˡ
ͷҲһԤףüԥſڣҪ̫ҽƣ
ҡͷǳԹ˳ţ´ٳЩǡ
ЩˣЩܽܣڷӦ֮һҲ̫ѹˡ
ʵ֤̫ˡ
ڷӦұлҪأտʼʱ򣬲Թƣûչ֪ˡ
ֻҪһվȱϢĸоȫû취
յڴϣطGݣǲͬԺ˶֪ΪʲôҲЩţĸҲʼȰôưɣˡ
ʲôķӦûЩˡ
طGѹֵıŭѾˣ޺޵Ĵ˴Լ֣ѹô¡
̧̧򢣬ɫƷ˵
Ϳ˵͵֪˭֪¶ѾˣԷġ
һߣݣ̲ס˻һ
̾һκ̲סһˣʵΣֳԲ¶ܵ
СëˣҲ£űˡ˵Ŷ
طG̲סִ˴֣˲֪˵ʲôãزˣ˵滰
ɣ㲻˵ǰɡʢ̫ҽ
֣طGɫı⣺£ûɫ𣿡
һ˵ϸϸĴɫȷʵɣСԾɰ͸죬ƽûͻȻˣڴϲô浱¡
лҪ˵ģүһֿܣǵһһ֡

 38 

طG̾
ͷһû, ӻ֣ʢֱȥ̫ҽ
ǲ, Ҫ¶Ϸã˵̫ҽ˵õĴ, ҲǼ, Ʋʲôﲻ, ϸϸ͡
ҧ, Сӹȥü, ڷӦҲˣ̫ҽԷֵĹ֪ʲôˡ
ס, û뵽ֱӱˡ
šȷʵҪ¶ˣԽԽѹס, ŻЩء
ټϳԲ¶ڹͷ, ԻжȻмˣ֪ҲǷַӵ¡
̫ҽıп죬ϾʱĴ, ȥ룬Ǻõ, ⲻȵĹ򣬶Է͵ˡ
˳ϵᣬŲʮ꣬ź, мֿš
ҧҧֻȰɡʲô˵˼
̫ҽüᣬͷҲˣЩͲԸ˵ɶ˿̫ҽķˣ˵벻˵Ǹ¡
ݣطGδ˵ͼ̫ҽֱӰָϡ
ʵ˵ʱѾ˲²⣬û뵽ɽƵүҲѧ˽ݲؽ
ǡ죬ȴЩ˵ͼɽԵүˣһһϸ֢״˵˵Լͣˡ
طGԽԽתϣͣ˶Ǹ
ǡˣ૵
Щš
ͼ̫ҽͷǣϲԭҪϲģǲȷǲүģϾղʱһһǸ˵ӡ
˵ʲôͼƵү𴽽ǣȻüˡ
˵ҲǣܹǸϲ¡
ϲϲ̫ҽߵף˵ż黰
ǰʲôݣֻҪ̥ˣվס
طGϽ𣬳Ƭ̣˵Ͱ̫ҽ뿪
µˣֻôһǡ
Ȱ˶ˣطGڴǰͻȻЩ޴롣
⡭һھ;ԼˣϽѹ˵᲻Ӱ캢˯
⻰ôԶԣڻǸ̥ǲ˯Ҳ
ᣬЩȷǸˣڵõˣȴҲ
Էǰ磬ܷߡ
طGԼҪˣôҲǵЦôֹס
Ǹиġ
ȷʵһøѣϴѾˣҲûһŮ̫үδ飬ع칬ͷ˲ˣҲûˡ
Ҳǣˣûӵġ
Ҳʹһգˡ
һʱ緢ȻܺúõĻȻܺúõʱӣжŮǼõġ
ͷһŮǱȿǶӣǱһλ
СЩʲôԵģ˵үʢȥ졣
طG룬ӣ૵үµ˼ƥոͺӷһ֣Ѵ
ӶˣȴҲҪ
˲еͷˮĿΣϲûĿڣɬֹںͷ

û˵ֵ˵Ϊʲô
ԴһΪģֻҪӦµģĵߣҲвʣΪģ
ԭΪºӶˣܻصĸ
˭뵽õԾһܾ
ڳɫ˫ĴСϣ죺Ҿǲ˶ˡ
طGЦˣүҲˡ
˵ʾˣֱӿ϶
ҡͷЩǡ
ϾҪˣ֪УôǰƵ϶ĺʵõĻǹ꣬Щæʱһü죬͹ȺҲҲˡ
£ô벻ġ
ɣҪҲĶССı⣬Ͱ͵֪ôӦ֡
΢΢¶µĲβȥ߷ֳ˲
ȻطGüͷɣεˣү㡣
»Բĸ룬Чģһ£Щ佾Ͱѧˣƫƫֵǿѹ£ֿ˵ѧļɫ
ס֣Լϲ˲䣬һ۾ֱֱĶһ
ѽ̾ûӡ
ɫͣһЦɵѽһȫĻ⣺ʲô
һ⣬봺֣ʱʱ̶̿ģͺ֪ܺĻΪѾء
˭֪סˣطG˰죬ŵ٣

ʱ飬ǲǸһ
٣ȫˡ
طGЩΣȣûʰ𡣡
ԼĺӣûʰˣǾͲһˡ
ʰ֣Ƿǳ𺳵ģԭ֪ǻӣûһֱ۵ӡ󣬵ֵʱ򣬲ƽ֣ݡ
ûбȴ˿̣׵ʾ
⡭СҲúú𡣡ٲС
˵طGƤ߻
ü˰ΣǰʾطGīʿʼд֣桢桢ء
ԼԢõһд࣬ͼطGñʿʼЩ׵
ȥдľûʣˡ
⼸ϡһȽˡ
ʣµ֣ššüͷЩѸ㣬³ûã־󻹲һôѡ
οս³ʱ򣬴õĶ
̫ЩǺ
룬ҪżطGȰ
ʮ»̥»ء
ǴҲһˣʱܡ⺢ӵ֣ȻԽԽá
ʱҲԸߺӣǸ㰢һģԴҶܰ㡣
һʱ벻ҲͰˡ
ЦЦؿһɣεǺã
ʮţֲġ
طGҲûˣգ̲סֲ˲䣬ĲɵĿڣ̫ҽ˵ģͺˡ
ȻĻֻˡ
ү㡣ѥһѣҲڱ§§ŵûһ㣿
ͷ
ã⻳Ҳһܣɡ
û뵽ûչʹˡ
𡣡űӣСС졣
طGԼĸӼƵã̲סЦˣȥɣүůš
һҹǵڰ˴ˣʱһΣ׼ʱ׼㣬ŵƵá
ڱͻȻЩޣУһ𡣡
ûҹ𵽱ѱȴһЦ
طG
Цˡ
СԺͷеһˣǾͶ͸ˣһϵıѾͰůˣƫƫòͣǴҲܡ
ÿһ÷;ġ
𣿡С£ҪܣÿûУɼˣҲⲻ
ҡͷǱѵģҲΰ
ܲᣬɣ૵
ͻȻڣ⺢ӣôɡ
Ҫ޿ɺǣҪһ˵ˡ
лҪ˵20

 39 

ҹ, ˵仰Ĺ򣬾̲ס¡
˸ս, ϽְԼڱųһ, ۵Ĺ˯ˡ
Խ, Խ˯, ﶼúƣۡ
˿յĻ, طGۼ, ְѰ̫ҽй˵ҪϸƣⷴӦҲû, 񴺽ôĥʵࡣ
ʱվˣŵס
̫ҽ, ֻ廹ܿⷴӦûа취, ֻҪûΣȥҩϾҩֶ, ôеʱʹá
ڴ, ̫ҽô˵Ŀɨȥôһʧ䡣
طGˣʱ۵ĹǺ
, ߹һ⣬۲˰ССĶ
̫ҽһʰԼҩ䣬һԶԣҲҪҴӦӦ
ģ°ƴϣҲҪӵģûŮʱ򣬾Ӧŵ˵ġ
˭֪ǲƵġ
ͼͷҲˡ
һξ͹ˣԼµľû˱ţǹţҲḺεİѺ
Ѿ֪ôʹˣȴ·ɲǼǳԲǴˡ
طGҲŵͷţҲ
̫ҽԶԣԼҩͯˡ
һ᪻ƣ֮δɼңңԵȻһ¿ꡣ
ӵĸп̫ҽԶˡ
ȴ֪һ۵ıӰпһ˺á
طGʲôһ˺ã⻰ԡ
˾ͳɡ
ô˵ǲµġ
ܵĵͷĵʣ⹬ͷʲôʱꣿ
˵طGͱȽоˣЦʰӶʮ˾ͷӡˣҲͿʼˡ
ϸϸлʲô⣬棬㺬Цлƣ֡
ȷʵ֣⹬ͷһĳһᱻȴ
ܹ廹ƽһǵֵסġ
ġ
ĸֿԽܶ£ٰ޶
ЦͷʳǸһʸûУǲܣ˵ҲԸ⣬ʱһСˣܸɫͼʲôأͷܣ˲ɡ
طGЦ棺ȥүסĵط
˵ĸȤЦʣסʲô
ʵӵĹ񲻸ߣټϽһڼͷĽȻ࣬ǽµʱ򣬾ͺѺųϵһ
𣿡ʡ
طGҭһ£ûС
󾵶ϡĶô飬ںͺֲЩС޷Ⱦָˡ
˵⾵ӣŮ˶Щ
뵽̲סʣҪҪүŪһСȥ
ȻΣСŬŬŪġ
ЦҡͷҲҪԼŪ
Ļᡣ
˭ûԽС˵ˣ䷽Ͳ䷽أҲ˵ԽΣǿ̫ˣȻȻļˡ
طGüʲô
һʱûзӦ˵ǻŪӣΪԼŪӣЩãСӻա
ݵӰ
طGŵ۾ЦҰ䷽㡣ҲǷַˡ
ЩҪˣ䷽ôһ
֮ǰûóΪס۾ģܿⶫж
һŮǻӭģܾƵˡ
ȥģһǷǲٰ֪㣬ǲˡ
ⶫɶһԵ¡
ΪԷյģϾҪ£Ҫ̵棬ûбȲõˡ
ȥԼһ¡
˭֪طGϸĿһۣƿڣүҪ
Ӱǣеġ
ԼţⶫɱȴҪ׬ǮˡⶫôķչضԼҤҤҲô࣬ҲͶǮ
ұס㣬ҲΪıȰɫлвͬǳЦŵӵ£أ㲻һġ
طGüɻ󣬴˿ȣԼŸʱˡ
࣬ײù
ˡȻѲ£ǲңƵıţһóǽиһȾɾˡ
ơݵĽӹһס
طGԼĸζŲƣһײӣĳԷղãЩطԲҲô׼Ƶá
͸Ĳˮ˵ԼĲǶȻǲˡ
ģطGЩŵʡ
ܾãԼ͹ˡ
š˵ͷ˸ǷӱϵıӰ£ýߣ죺£ߡ
طGСһײߣֿ򴺽ͷǵӽûˣԭţһŮ˼ңȻЩƽЩſͰſȴҲѹһѹ
ƼЩ֪ЩƤˣΪ˼ʱ
ҾЩĲӣˮˮͦá߱ӣʵûôóĲÿ
Ϊһֲе⿴ŲôõĳƷѾ۷֮ˣ֮ǰࡣ
طGΣŵŵˣүҲռˣɣдֶǩˡ
Ҫƴǣͼɫ档
ˣҪˣʱ޴ˣûҲˡ
ɡ
ЦͷֵߵߵĿڣʱֻţļҲƣо϶ˡ
˵Ż۾˽
طG̲סЦѽ
߻գƫƫִϻ۵Ľ
̧۵ĹֿײߣϽӻ֣ĪƼۡ
֪Ƕúÿǲ֪ǣǷԼǰһײߣ֮𣬲Ϊ˵
طGЦǲ磬͸үΣ
ŮҪǿٵصһ⣬ˬĻӻ֣ò˵оˡ
߰ɣֻ˵ðҪˣҵƷ붪ˡ
ʱµĴһʦֻ֣ҪƱܣǹŶÿֺ
طGͷӦ£üӡһǣһأôھ򲻾
Ĺ˹գ̧ͬʱֱ˫͵һȵǡ
˭֪ȰȣȵЩͷۣͼطGĿ´棬һһĴеĲ豭

Ҫǲ豭Ҫ
ҺͲ豭ˮˣȾ˭
ҰѲ豭ˣ᲻ң
˼⣬ԼֿˣЩȡֵĻֱ˵ġ
طGŲ豭˼
ʱôģʲôģѵǺԥ˵Ҫ
ͼطG˶٣ſڣΪʲôҪһȣ
ⶼĻô֪Ϊʲô
Ҫʡһ˫вشͿ޵˼
طGӱӣЩֱ޴˵
Ȼǲ豭ͷ˺һӣпɱԣֱҪش⡣
ӡľͿǻˣǼٿޣȻôô
ӡá
Щ°ɣܿڣһ£ǳϷˡ

 40 

طG޵ģ, һûסЦˡ
Դ, ЦЦ, ֡
˵, §§, ϸϸĸʵ, ԼҲסЦ, һʱ䣬ֻʣЦ
ڴԽԽصڷӦУ˼ѩ, Ҳߵ¡
طG֪ԼҪߵʱ, ǿŴЩݵգǲġ
Ҳͷһ֪, ԭʮ»̥Ѱ
ЦŶڰ֣չˣʲôᡣ
طG, ԴЩɫͫ׽Ķסβų̾һ, ҪĻںͷôҲ²ˡ
ˣ, չ˵ԼҲܽ
үᾡģţ£ȥѰ̫ҽ֪ͨүġ׻˵ôࡣ
ĿݣҪШԺС
šһΣҪˡ
̤ȥӰգʲôû˵糣ȥڴϡ
ǰƵˣɲһôأҪľȵģʲô
΢͹СЦһ³ɾǰȴɬ
ɡ
̶֣£ͷˡ

һ۵ʱѾһƬ򶨡
ɶ׼ˣʡ
ͷ˵ˣ¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ףĵĺܡ
ͷûж˵ʲôֻ飬һûһķš
ǷĸȻҪȰģһΣսͣһ仰˵
֪Ĺˣӣ˼˵ǾϵǰʸûС
ֵıүѰˣ޲ЦãĸʲôƵá
ǵ飬ʱ򣬳׵ʧˡ
°ЦЦһݣֱԺӣ׶ǡ
ǹܶΣû˵
ˣԷ֪ţܻѰңܣһѻˣǶˣҲ̫ʹˡ
һĸֱӾܾУ
ˮһѻ˵ģ̫
Ҳһ˵˾͹ˣһѻˣ޷ˡ
ͷʱÿһ춼Ѱġ
˵طûס죬ŵʱطG飬Ƽǻ뵽ɹůӡ
ƼֱߵˮҲ뵽Цιˮӡ
ҹҹҲԵø
˯öֻҪ΢΢һҹ
ԷʱҲ֮ǰһѿôŶչġ
ɡ
طG
һ̾ϢڣǳȵĻ                        
лҪ˵컺䡣

ˡ

 41 

ԽԽ, 糣ı
ԺӵĳʳͷἫ, ⶼµĽɽ
Ҫߣôʶ, ɶ̣ˡ
࿴, ̲סЦˣ˶Ҫ, ںЩʲô
һ˵, ǡ
һӲϨ, ʼ˸߲ҵһˡ
һߣ䶨ȻҪúϢһӲҪ򡣡Ը, ֵ࣬ҹˡ
һж׵, Ҫһѻ󻼵ģˡ
ĸ, ˵Է룬ȰοǱˡ
˵Ժ·, 룬ʱ»յ, ֻлԼռҵĵ
ԥһ˲ҡҡͷ
Ъɡ
ϱһ˲Ҳſ˿ա
˯, ǲΣȵʱԺĲ֪ԼʲôΣÿǺƣۡ
Ҳˣ˼ҹΣҹ˺ˮԵɵɵ˫ͼĿ֮һƬͨ졣
ˡʡ
Ĺ򣬾ͼĸŻŵĹͷϸ޹ӣ˵ʲôֿʼ£һƬˣϽѻϣԵĶҪˣҪ
ʵյЩµķһƬһƬȫľͷģĵ㣬Ҫ
˵ţڼҵļҶѵţһߺѣˮˡ
ĸӦһԷˣǻȥæˡ
ϱõĶź˷٣ĸߣһƣ˶Щ¹ڲǼƽʱǶţҶѾֶ
Ҽ飬Լȳ˭͸˭ˡһ䣬˲˵۾ˣȻ֪˭飬˵Ŀ
һƬסˣС֮ң㲻øˣҲ
һ䣬ͷˣһȥ顣
⻹˺üңҲƶˣֱȥ
һʱסͷ飬߶ûҪߣ˵ЩԱûģһݣݣֵüҲ
޶ӱ飬ŵ⳵ϣæҪȥ޶ҵһˣֵǱȥˡ
˻Щ£޶ҵĴڣǿ顣
ⴺ򶨣ϽֻŻŵԺȥ
ţ飬˵߶ûԴһ¡
Щ޼ҵĳϣߡ̾һĸ֣һ˱⳵ȥˡ
˾Щķ֣˼Ѿˣֻ޼ҵСѾĿڣѾˣ˵˭ȳľ͸˭ˣҶһңûն͸ܶˡ
˼ǲˣ˱Ż飬Щж
ⶫǮûط򣬶࣬ʵ˸̾
ټ⸽ҲʶڣֻԷ˷;ȵ̾Щǹ±Ŀӡүֱ
֪ΪѰ鼮˶±ƮƮĸˡ
ŷ˵Ůһʱ䲻֪ܼãǸøмĺ¡
һжԺֻ˳Ⱥķߡ
ԭҹģһʱٸ˵ͨһ޼ҿɹһޡ
Ҳ֪ԺյûСֹ
ĸ̾һʲô¡
ղġƶĻأ˶Щɻ󣬱ǳЦŽͣտʼңȷʵʧأǺͷѾСƣټϹٸÿ죬޶ҵѾˣǱǸϡ
ϻ֮Ȼղˡ
̲סü⵽ôģ
ô˵Աߵ˲廰ˣˣ˵Ϊ
ϰˣȾ֪ԭֵҪͶ˭ҪһѻԼ
ͷǼ϶ţȻЩǹԸޣү߷檣˵Ҳǹˣ²˵ֻ̫̫һŮģʮˡ
һӶĸƵã˭֪Լ벻ǵøǸлӵģ͵˺£ǻԸȢڵҲ͹ȥˡ
˼ҲԸ⡣
ʲôлӣ컬಻ɺ£Ƥٺõ㣬С￸ס
ţĸˣһ٣벻˵ūҲҪ޸ӣ˼һǲҪ˵ǻƻŮˣŶˡ
ĸôֵﶼûʲôӦΨƮƮһ仰̲סͿҪӡ
ĸʣļʵ
˭֪һѻ¥
꣬ȫ޷ͷ߼Щʣĸʮ꣬Ϊһ仰ˣдԶ׼ľͼСϱ˵ͷһţǵýƸýȢ֮Ҫ켣ǧĪҡ
ﲻǰ֮
Ѿ˹켣ĴӣЩ飬û˵ʲôԹŮ飬淢ǰЩġ
ôԳ
ѽǰͷҹüˣʹ˱Сϱѣżͷתˡ
һҲֹۣס˵˶˶úõġ
Ҳʧ˶ܲˣĴڡ
ۣ·ţ͸ļžһ˶ĬֻǰС
ˣ
򵥵Ĳ񻰣֮ǰô̼ŵĲôһ˲䣬ȫòϡ
ͷҪȻ۷Źұڣ
ྪҡͷʲôħ飬ֱҪˡ
ȵſڵʱɫպſѾۼˣڵųǣΪһγǵĴ˵ĳˣͷһγһ
طGҲڴʱյϢǶսǺͬˮˣ˺üңֶˡ
Ȼһأ
ǹȫ˭֪׵˵
Ȼ࣬۾ͨ죬ϵƣԶ׼
ūǰȥˡϾͷֻҪܣһʲôΣգھӶڱӦţҲЩЩȫ
ءطGʡ
ЩĻش
ǰȻ˲ˡ
ūʧְ𷣡
أһʱҲĻҲ벻Ľ֣ʱ޼˶ڣﻹ飬һµĿլԺԭ˵˭õľ˭ģ˼ֻһ룬þЩˡ
ҲˣطG̣վ̲סвյڵϡ                        
лҪ˵ίүˡ

 42 

طG֪Ҫ۶, ƽƽߣ, ¡
պóˮ£ֲ, Ȼ֪Ȼ, ͷҲֹסĵǡ
޷Ƶķŭ, ô, ôٴˡ
˵õͷ, Ǻ˵Ĳɡ
ҡԸ
һһյĹȥɫԽѿ
, ҵСȻҪٱ޼ˮ, ݺݵĽѵһ١
ԶĴ˸磬˭Ҳɣһ, ֽæµȻղҲһҪѵġ
ټǷʱù, һʱյЩ֪ʲôĸо
ǷطG, Ƿһֵ̳ģ˵ٸӣȫֲܣҲġ
ҲǷַ, ֻϣܿ˼ҲҪѰ
ò˵˯һ˯Ȼ˸ӣʵҲ
ҵȥˣҲطGһ㱾ǮֻҪǮǰڲźſͣҲܸõȥıյ£ʡǰƵãһ·λʱѾˣλʮ꣬ΣŻѪ
ȻˣҲõġ
ֱָ׺ǣǸĸ̲סڣŤŤģʵЩȥ
˵Ҳ֣黭ͨŮ֯Ǿһϲͨˡ
һ˵ķӣûôˣҲûֱȥԼЩƲۡ
˵ϷůĻ䡣˴֣Ʋסķ
Ц㴩Щ
ھǵʱ򣬶źʵ£޲ù㣬ʱ򿹲ȥ͵迾Ӳǿɲ䡣
ԼЩ˵˵ӣԵĶɲٸūˣִ硣
ֻҪţ룬Ǵ٣Ǿݼ֣ﻹϹôʵ
˿ӳ΢΢Сطһɵۼˡ
ô˵ҲԼЩ޹ĿһģһĳԶضû䣬˵ˣӶ˺üȦ
ԭҲСԲԲģһϲࡣ
˲źÿЩȷİο
һ㶼ûбο죬ȥæԼ¡
ҲǸСںԼΣȻ˵˺öƯѣܲ˿ġ
ԼĶǸȴšü⣬ò˵¶ˣĶӻûЩ΢΢͹ҲͶͷһ㣬Ҳû棬ȷǲ
Ʋʲô 
ĸο·̫С룬ȰɵĻٶԵ㣬ʡĺӳС
⵹Ǹ⣬⺢СǺǲ
ͷôãҲǾһ紵ݶģһ㣬һ㡣
ͷӤǽиͳЩ̫СĺӣļûС
Ь״Сĺӣûһġ
⻰ܸ˵Цӯӯģûһڣ·ſġն̲סͷһʱʱĻҪɼأɹԴǰ߶֮Ҳûˡ
үõ˲ţû꣬뱲ӣûү˵ģؼҲ֪£ʲôǿƫƫӲϡЫ˵߾ߡ
ʱ򶼲룬Ũүֹﲻˣ飬᲻ЩԹŮ˼費˼ģټһ档
ͷģ๫ƽûãżЦһ£һӶˡ
ҪôſģӵģǱʲôġ
Һúţ⺢ӰĽһ۵Ĺ򣬴СӾͳˡ
ĸǱı飬ЦЦĿôƭģ
һƭ˵Ļഫرдͳ
ĸϵЦ˽ڨڨⲻ̫
ﵱô˵ģȵʱҹᶼ޸ˣƤȫѪƤûȥ
ôˣб£ӣ꽡ģûûʹģò
Цˣֻ˵ҳܲ䡣
ʵִʱ򣬾ûȥ˽ⷽ棬ǸϢ䣬֪ôǰ㡣
ĸӻ֣ϽЩ˵
ʵӣǧҲãҲգܹиͷӣҹҹļ尾
ûбеߣϱĿ
ʱǹ꣬鶼ã飬ֻҪ޲ı飬˾Ͳˡ
ʱھһˣ㽫Լ֮ǰõĹóǽиҲңԼˡ
˵ҲǶͷɵĻ飬ûձ˳ѩﶼ˵Ľ˵ѩ׷꣬ʱСӣʲôˡ
˭֪
̾һմմ۽ǣųĽſڣǰͷˮˣ๫ȥ顭
ֻʣˡ
˫ĿСϣ¶һЦֽŵ⺢ӣĹӣԵʲôˡ
⻰͸¶ϢȽ϶࣬ھӺһȵ֪ʱ̲סŻһѪ
֪ʲô
Ϊ䴫ԣҪˣСϱҲҵԶߡ
һʱ˿ˣϾûãҲûТ
ԶԣֻʹɱﵣȥһլԺر˻ȥǡֵģԾʹˡ
ƽȶлҪѰࡣ
ÿնƣۺжȹȵӴ֮۵ëֻ۵ÿһС⣬ҧߺ
ʵ̫ۡ
ѽ
Сģ
˾һƬŵһ亹վûˤӡ
ⴲ齷ƽʱǸ߶ãʱ򣬾Щˣպ´ʱȸһۣˡ
ҲŵУСˡ
˾δĶһۣŲȥ֡
ȵڶ죬ǲȥ򴲣Ūһĳʡĵˤ˾Ͳˡ
ǲ˳ȥͼţһ곤֣Цӣһڼңֿˮȡ
ô˵ţȥˣһ־߶ˣͷһ
ϸϸĻأǣйء
һԣʵǹٻ˼ҳģѰռūŴĲһ
˵ǰƷ٣ɲˣǹٻ¼ҵūţҲ֣ʡСˡ
˵˵ţֵĻͷղסˣʼʶģǹڹϸϢĿ룬үѰˡ
Ҳ񣬶ԷûһϤ
ԥ䣬ͼʩʩȻ˳ĵÿֱʣôˣ
ڿ˵ˮȣˮͷûˣˮţơ
ֻһۣ̲סԭء
ʵ񣬼ֱ͸һģӿ̳Ƶá
δ䣬߱תƵ˶Ķϣǹҵװ磬ΪδŸӣסôСԺӡ
ЦЦ֪к£
ЩȻʵ񣬵񸣽ϸȻ䣬ϸڸǰƵá
Ѱ˵ġ
Цŵ
лҪ˵ģүˡ
վһ˿С
20

 43 

, ׵ʣѰʲôˣ
ͷĥ߶Ǽ׵, Ҳ֪Ѱ˭
ֿֿͷϡ, ῪڣѰﰡ, Ǹġ
ҲЦ񣺡ϸ˵˵, ΪͷѰˡ
ˡָ, ¶Ӷһ, ˵ĸ
˼Ҳ˵˵ţĿԶ
ʵ鶼࣬ǵ׵, ȷݣĿȰĿ򴺽, ǳЦſڣ˵Щǿɶͷε, ԭҵĵճ⣬ܲһĵ
˵Ҳ, ˵ӣҲȷʵô㸴ӡ
ԭһ, ˵ʲô¿⸮ﻪôһŸ̫̫һģӿ̳ģǷãҼҵľʹŶӡ
ͱ, ھȥ죬ﲻģ˵ʲôѰˣˡ
ԭû£˵ĵϷҲͲȥš
ģû˵ģſʼ顣
Щ£Ǿ˳ϣôһ飬¶ͳˡ
¸ͷһͱˡЩ˵ǣһθ˹ȥĹ˿ȥת־͸ˡ
ˣԸҲ˵塣
ֻ˵Ҹʮһһüġ
˹СԺ븮ͷΡԺӣʲô׵ġ
ЩҲܿˡ
˵ĿУȴһƿڣ˵ЩÿһҶʶһž˲ˡ
ϣ˵ҲǺЦô仰Ĺ򣬾׼Ůʲô 
֪ȻǲɵģֻЦЦҲǸ˵һϷ
ʵ֪ʵʱүǲԸϵģϾ˵ʣ˵ǹ飬ҲûеģյĹ򣬾ʹĵǡ
ô˵̲סšü⣬ЦЦĿڣЩʱԴǴԵʣ
һֲ֪æʣˣ
Ц¡
ɲ꣬һʱƢԣҲûжϽ뿪ˣֻЦһ䣺үˣҲư
´һۣû˵ʲôֻ
һţ߾̲סĸô˵
ҪǰźõģĸĪϾ̳ġ
ĸ£˴ãĺӰĺͱģһ£ֱӶˣҲûôġ
ۿҳûУʡ
ؼڡ
ĸҡͷūʱų£Сӣ첲ȶһţѴĺúãӲǰѸ첲ǵñض˯
ް٣Ҳû˭ˡ
ЦЦûסšü⡣
˵˭˭Ǹĸʮ»̥࣬Լ͸ͬܣԽԽ޷ԭ£Ӥ͸ˣҲɡ
˭֪Էʲô˼ңܻܲ⣬ʲôòãǾһ۵ˡ
ԭ
ԽԷĸѰ˭֪ԷǷԸ⡣
ôģĸ̽ʡ
죬ЩԣЩͷֻۣ̾˿ˣȷʵҳһǱ㵱߶ǲϵġ
˹գԼǸʱЩ顣
ȻԷʲô˼ңַǹٻ¼ҵģ飬Ҫ¶ڡ
ˣ׾߻ʵԶҲ˲ٹġ
ˣЪŰɣ۲ָǹ˸ǷЩ
Щ£ԸϾϣԸϾߡ
ٻطҲǲܽܡ
ô󣬴̹Ȼ룬ţʮѾߡʮС˱ãһȥͷӲùպԼˣҲʡı۸
ţб޻ЦԸ
ĸҲЦˣҲĸòֻпǷķݣᰤ۸
˵Ǹ۵ģ˭ܿסĲϲ
ʧЦû˵ʲô
ֲȱǮʮʵ֡ཫеӷ£ЦĿڡ
Ǻµģ˾죬Ͱ͵Ŀڣ죬ԼҺӣ󰡣զͱ˻˶֪ǿ϶ǲġ
⻰˵ûëĸ룬ȷʵҲųĬһӣ
ôһ˵̲סЦԭʮźģСԺסˣ򣬾Щˡ
һԺȥĸЦ˵
ǱǸС԰ӣʮ˴´ࡣ
ͷӦʣ¾Ƕˡ
æţһܿ͹ȥˣտʼǵҲȥˣԼܵҹڶһĸŴµļаһ¡
ǰɵϸ޹Էĵ׻֪ûԼĵȫ©
飬ǲ֮£֮ǰǸʲôԷ֪
ĸЩ
ȴɵĽױͷһ죺һصҲˣ
ôײˣԭǳģϾۣү˵ίˣһЩαҲԻˡ
һһ̲סЦˣþûװ磬ͦġ
װأҲһĳȥ˼ɫҳǺʡ
ŽЩԣʲôУҶһŮ˴ŶûˣȻǱˣյģɼǴˡ
ǰǲ֪ģκ飬ǵôһҶΪõ˵Щ֪Ҳȥ
лҪ˵ģҹҹ˼

 44 

ѡطûѡ, ײ˽飬ʱ², Χôշӿɼèġ
ʰͣù緹Ĺſھһ, ϸŲˡ
ȵ, һȥӭ˼û, Щ, ȴҲû˵ʲô, ӱ¶һŶ˷ĸһ, Ӳ˿֮˵, ²Ϲ
һˣ, ݳۣϸ˵Ҳƽƽ
ĸͷ̲סһ²Ů, һģӿ̳ġ
һ˫ϵ˳Ͱ͵Ļ, ûߣתС̫
һ˾̲סס

Ȼһ껪, һ˶룣һƾ֪էһһ˶̶̵ľԼһ
ֻСЩǳǣһ羰
Ҳסеļ㻺񣺡СŮӸϷˡˡү񡣡
ǸСδȥ㱻һ˫ɿݵָסˣϷ˲ΡΡķЦ˵໹ţ˭֪񣬵Ҫлˡ
˿Ķӣû˵ʲôЦʣǽȥ
˶ô˵ˣǳЦǿˣԸϲˮȵ£̸
˶ڴҲڴŶԷ
ĳǹٻ¼ˣ⴩ŵƲһ߸ŵļҶҲͬȻżҳ·ȴҲټ
˻˶ϵһ룬Ϸ˾Ϳʼĸζĺ
ƽƽûʲôرĸо
ʰʰ͸㰢һؼҰɡ̫̫Ц˵
תͱƻˣͼЦĺͰ֪ˣ֪ģΪŮء
ڣʱϷ˹Ǵһӽһ㶼𣺡룬ôƽƽĻȥ˼ˣȻҪ˵ҲӣʽûС
ЦĿ˴һۣڶɨһȦᷳҪѹֲסˡ
׼ţȵˣһŲȥʲôǿ
һڣϷҲ˵ʲôˡ
ҵĺһȻǺ£̥ôģ˵׼¸ˣȷʵƮƮӭȥ
Ͼҵŷ粻ңͥۡ
ˣˡԲһ䣬ٿʱǻİͲ˼ΣǿεС̲ס̾˿ҲǸģôôơ
ֻЦĿţʲôû˵
ȻСȦͷģҲŮ¶֪⼸дʼֱܵһͿ
ɣġ
ҲҲɣΪԸƵá
ھûͷͻȻҪͷϰҪ˭˯⡣
ɡ
һ˴ҴҶҴҶȥ
жߣžЩ˾Ųʮˣ¾ûôˡ
ĸ꣬ô֪ԼҲû֪ɼĸʵ
ĸҲЩ۾٣һôء
үô磬û۵Ľ
ЦѾˣǰҵĸĸֻǡ
һӣƲ٣Ҳӡ
Ҳȥ飬ô¡Ը
ٵͷϣһ֪
𣬸ľͶֻĸһվ;
ҪԵأƷ࣬ڵĶ
ӣγԵģǹûϹⶫ˼Ʒԡ
ạ̃˵ģտʼʱǲԼˣūǵ̬ʲô׵ģǰǵˡ
ԼĹŮαū
˲ι˵ʢģֱǺʢĲ٣Ĳ룬һСڻ
еӲŪţҲЩ̾£
㲻ŮɾأҲЩǿˡ
ˣضˣ´˾ǡ
ҲͣǾ͵յġ
һ֣͵죬Ƿǳϲյģȣȵû롣
Զһһĺ˲֪Ǻá
ƫƫУȲﶼʪܡ
ŪЩ顣Ͻı飬һӲһ裬Զԣ˵ڼﵱյˣ붼롣
ʱ֪ʲôж฻ˣֱǰ˾ʮĿյЩãЩû
ĸЦأʵȣȻ̫һ͸ԡ
ԶԣʲôһҪɹˣûôٸԡ
𼱣Сĺ֡ǳԵıˣӾͷ
ԾݼˣҲ󣬿ɿ̥ǻþĸֱ˵һٸİɣ⺢ӿء
ССأܸƤӡӡӡģŶۡ
Ӵ˵ţСһ£ǲ֪ζÿ˳Ծ˯پԼĶСӹ̹
СЦЩۡ
ʱ˯죬Сһָ̫оƮƮģʵ
ӴְɣôС㡣ĸžϡɡ
ҲЦǣŵľҪһ㡣
ƵģһʥŮСĹİǽţҪһ㡣
Ҳ¹۲ģûȫʱ䡣
˵Цţͼſˣ˶ΪˣĵȥţһǸſʼ
ˡϡͣռû
ҲЩȣ̧ſڵˣӭ·ݴˣЩʱ򣬶ԷѾǰˡ
ˡ˸
´ΨһһЦҲʧˡ
𡣡˵һЩ޵ĿΧ
ͷİ裬ʵЩƽٿϴģɵڻЩĥ߶̲סüݳˣ
ǰʲô»ʲôҪǶӴЩС
ˣʡ
ǰûôŲžöСʵСеˡ
ʱҲԲϣһμʱ򻹴ŰʱѾȳĸ¹ȥˡ
δ˵ĸЦĿڣ˸ء
ʲô£ǲ
üôö֪ԣӣʱϷ˼ˣ˵ܿࡣ
ԶԣҶʲô£
⻰һʱҭ˸ǺЦЦĿڣˣҲóԴףáѩѾͷЩѲ㣬Ҳˣ˵ƣûȥ˵˵ʲô
ʲôýģͲʹ죬Ļһ䣺ҼҾһʱã
ͱˣһ壬ͽѵˣˣҲö˵ҽȥأϷ˵˼治֪Լ֮󣬱˵޷֣ȥĪ۸
ϡĿ˿һϲԼĸĸ⸣ϡԼĺӡ
á                        

 45 

Ӹһ, ˽ⲻ¡
ԭ˽һ㣬Ƹ, ٶ
ţΪ˸ĸ, ֶŮͷܿ, Ӧһֲ, ɸ, ÿÿĶ, Ƕ˵ڵġ
̶̵Ľ̸ãѩҲǸʡ͵ĵơ
õĿƻһ޶ϵ, ҰλϧΪС
˵ЦˣҳҲʮ, Ǳĸ۸˵, ǽи·˵ζŸĵı飬ɵЦ
۹Ů, һظҪȻʱֵĲÿ, Ҳ۲ǡ
Ƥ˵ָףɫĽ֮ɫ¶ǹģһ
, ;öµûţԸϵ⣬̲סȰαأѩڸͷ󣬶ǶΪѡ
̾һƣǰ͵ѡ˲ΣŸģ˵ū˵͵ģﲻ
˵У۶͡
ԼĹ˵ɣ񴺽ģһ𣬱ȴǵĺһ㡣
˵̲סϸϸĴ˵ڣţǲüۣȴɫ̫࣬һÿһ¡
ڵˣûÿģǣȻֶˣ˵ḡҲǣǷ˭˶
ϲܻŷ磬Ҳ˵ػ
ƵһЦǵǸùˡ
˵رл˵ǰǸСһֻ϶᲻òĲ񻰡
˶٣ŵԼĹԿ˵ɰʱðˣձҲ͹ȥˡ
Цţ⻹ʲôûзأԷ͵ǳɼǴϲ⺢ӡ
ֻżһ䣬Ÿ˵ЩɫͣüۼЦ⣬Ưˣһ㶼˵ʲôŰ衣
˵˵ţ̽ʣأ㰢ѾԼˣҵĽڲӣֱӻظˡ
ʵģǴھصģѩڵĵǲ޵ԸȥˣҲˮǴߣŶӣаѺҵĵûú˵
˵һкüأܶҪˡ
˿룬ҲãʱˣܱȴҪʰһ㡣
ġɵ
ԭ﹣һѰԼŮȻһϲģѰǸʲôýϣͷǸꡣ
ֱ涼ˣ˵Ҫӡ
߸֮󣬴һԼȡϢͻȻ֮УԼҪࡣ
ôãͱﵽУɿڣҲ뿪ֻţҲϰˣǰŵʱϲȥľȥģҪţҪĿǹܲܳǲǱҪ
Ͼ֣岽Ͱѹ治
ôţ̲סЦǲ֪ǸﻹǸСӣʲôԱ
ĸ̽ʣ˵ʲô
Цʲô˵ˣʲôҲû˵
ǹٳϵټٵģ˭Ҳ˵á
һжϸ֪࣬ϾܴƷ񸣽ѩڣֿɰõĴʶһƬ⡣
յ˲벻ǼٵģҲǼٵģһҸĺöҲǼٵģм䷢ʲôҪʱȥ̽ˡ
ĸüͷЩԸ븮ܲȥ𣿡
үĸȻԸգţЩ£૿ڣյˣøˡ
ǱҲүڰ
Цף
ҪȻô̩ɽһ㶼ǣΪա
ȽϺ£ѩڣԭļҵĺӡ
ռԭĿӣҪ۸ԭֱûˡ
ţ⺢ӾһţʱЦˣҪģ¡
ô˵ţĶȶʱСǹС𣬱̲סЦ
Ǹúӣڶͷô
ĸЦ˵ؿͷԸ˭ͷء
ҪæģǱҪĶԵĶãһЩµģ˵ţ¿ûʲôҽԺרҵ豸ȫֻκ£ȣȫ
һ㲢֢ǱȻҪġ
Ů򣬶Ѿ˵ˣǰ¹סţǰȹͨһµʱô̡ĸرģڵĹȫˡ
˺üµĳɹôŮ治ס
뵽һ磬ЩԼһСģϲû
뵽⺢ӵĸףԷæһ£ȴҪȥƴ
һ
ԷݣԺѾЩģˣЩӵĥȻׯεĸоǲ֪ׯܣǵ
мصãлҪһЩ
ƸеĶЩ񻰣˹գȴûһ˫ЦȻҲûȵĴӡüġ

ˡ
дȣһ㶼ûֻ֣ЩףϸγԱȡ
ԲĶӣһ־öһӼһһ㼦ϻ͹ͷը
ҲǰˣĸǽиʲôԣζЩҪ߶ԽԽܣҲûˣЩ¶ܡ
Щ棬ҪһͰ̳棬ҪһͰٽζġ
ԽԽͰ͵ĿĸԷ׶ס־óãֻεӼֻôһأɲˡ
⸬Ͻ׷ӡ
ĸʳƺǲ׼׼ǸľҲ׼ԡ
ΪΣľõĶ
ĸҲ˵ȻǲԣԶԣû飬Է˵ĵǻɵۿľҳԡ
ӼܿˣȻһһ뼦ҪҼ飬Ҫž͹񫡣
ĸŲֱӣǰЩġ
ⰡʲôģǾ͸ûһͻȻô⡣
һǣԵĶǰп޵ġ
һʱ¡˵
һ𣡡ſڴһͺǣϤ˲ԭء                        

 46 

, ΪⱲӶˡ
ӲĲתͷ, 򴽣ͷҼˡ
ͷҡ˵
ǵͳöŵ, ΢΢, дˡ
Ǵʵ, һ졣
Īۿ
ǽŲԽԽ, ͷӵ, 鵽
ѽỽһᳰ𣺡ˣҹλءʣµĻû˵, ̫ʾЩ˵ڡ
֪ж, 
˷, ԶУҪ롣
ŮأһŶ͸, ţܴӾܿ⸮, İأҲġ
ӳǶѰӳǱѰϡ
ٸҹҹѾȥ, ÿÿڽϿΣҪȥ׷Ѱϸʧȥ
ԺʣµЩǰӣҲղء
ͷһߵʱ򣬺ôиʽһΣ
ѽûзӦطGỽһ
жô⣬¾жôܣߣȴһУ˫ȴ޴á
Ͳסˮ̧˵ڽž
~
ૡ
طG˵ٳһУΪС
󸹱ӣȦͮͮģֹסۣ־ܣҪʰһٵġ
ѾˣҪصСͷݺݵĶ첻ԷҪū֧̯ӣǰĳԡ
ҪݺݵŪи硣
վ᲻á
§ϸ͵֫˿ȣɣҺ㰡
ֱǶȸ״Լˣûӱ˵š
طGôţ̣˵Ļȴģǡ
һᳰֱǴ˵ʤ
ӣЩĴգգ۾ôҲϿ
ĸͷĲɣֱЩ֪˵ʲôãүѰˣ´ŶӣﾭڣŭԵֵ
ſͼĿɿڴĿβŴյ˵ĻŶ߰
໹Ǵǰأûʲôһ߽˵ġ
ȴ֪طGˣСĻҲһ
ȡȻɤӣЩ֪˵ʲôá
طGЦЦĿһۣյģ
̲סӣͰ͵ʲôʲôѽҲŲˡ
ոᣬɫ࣬峺һͿټС˵ģһɫˡ
Ÿõ죬طG⿪ۣ̿¶ϸ۵Ĳ
طGˣ߻Ṵˡ
лҪ˵20

 47 

ǲǵ, ӳһҲ˵ˡ
ڵѣ˵Цˡ
ŶԷǰ˴, ڵŲͼطGЦЦĿ, Σζ
˲Щˣ~ỽһ, Ťڽ, һ, ˺òã
һʱЩž, ڴʱ򣬾طGͳ𣺡ǣҲ֪ү
֪, ô졣
ѩ׵ıҧϴжһϸָĵǴ, գ֪
´ٷʱ򣬶ȻЩ
ײ, ˵Ҳǣƺӵɺ, ֻ߶ŽոѰȴ˰ձ
, ЩƮ񣬾ͼطGЦЦôζĶ
Ͻ̿ۿ, ЦģָûƵãͷҪȣطGĿˣֱãү
ر֪
ԭţҵʱ򣬶Ҫʰһ٣ȼ棬ƼˮЩ㶼Ըڶˡ
ԥĵͷء
һֻСèСҲ˵ģοһĥĴˡ
طG˵ϣͷǹһǷˣСǺĲ˵ʱܡ
ǡᳰ
ҿ͸˵СڨڨһЦ̲סӣ˽ֻǲ˼¾Щԡ
Ȼûô֣׶Ӵ˺ܶ࣬ǽˣӻͷŵĸо
Ŭڲ
ϽȴطGһסˣ𶯣ү뱧㡣
⻳ͷ˰أ̤̤ʵʵˣ÷֣˵źȿͷҲûеġ
ģģĶǹ޸С
һò˵ŻǺģһСЩܲסˡ
һȲѾʪ͸ˣЩܲˣرǻֲǷСǶů
طGĨһϵĺ㣿
⺹ˮҲġ
ס˵һ񣬾Եˡ
ȣӣʲôôţͷ׻ǽڣĺѽ˺òã
رˣȺģǺˣԭʱ¶ҪϺܶ࣬УҲˣ˵¡
¯ձһ𣬺ôֱǳ
ﴩı̵¶ȸŽ¸ܵĺܸܵ𶯡
飬һ½һ£һɡ
͵͵һ⣬ͼʹ˵㾢伡ʱҪǽи붼롣
˻õĥĥ
šһѣšˡ
طG룬ûӣүǣȻһŮ˵ĻԷӺ顣
󡣡Цһڣšһѡ
طG治ɫʵü΢Сͦźۡ
ַǸϣڰߴϣ䵽ĶϣɵЦѽ˫ôԶοգүڸǰôҲǸӦǡ
߶߶˵ţº͵üۣһʱҪ벻ռʱüۡ
ôֱ֮ɿۣ˭֪ǸȵģʵЦӯӯˣҪЩ
ҡ²϶˵ǸΣյĻ⡣
һԸ븮ǶȻǰֽݸɱ
̬ȣطGʲô׵ģֻǳЦһٶ˵˲ϸߣ㿴Щ̶̼ʮ꣬ܲһ졣
˵ˣСǿĽδϹɰıҪ뿪Ҳûκԥġ

ùʱδԥӲҲʡĳԿ
ѽỽЦζ
ûס˶һֱϵĸоʱ˵ĺ󲱾
ǽʵһۣԼҵס
̧һۣҲƲ
֮ǰ˵緢һƬһƣЩ׽ζڡ
ԭһƣ˵ܲ׼˼ǰ˾Ųʮ
ʱǨԼĪǸ·ԵʣźЩҲЩȴӵľ
дżַ糾ֻͣһۣ̲סĥһֶûС
ɽЩӱܿˡο
˵⻰ãһ˵⻰طG̲סһۣЦǡ
ģʲô˵ֲֻ
˭ǹŴأע檶
طGЦˣЦǣүġ
˹գЩ޹գգۣٱ⣬ܾеڻ˼ڡ
ΪʾԼĴ飬˿ȣգ۾Ŀڣ~ѽ
طGЦЦĿһۣɱ˵ˣ˵öˣʹﲻš
ʧܣҲùˣνѳ޿֣ˡ
ɣѽԽǲ˵Խ˵һ߶
ϴԾҪ˵˵ԼˣԷǸŲɡ
Ȼ߶߶ģϣطGɫͻЩЩȷķʣģ
ͷ˾֮ǰһ仰ƭˣĸԸƭģڸУˡ
ѣ˵ÿʱ򣬶һطGŮˡ
ôһ룬ͦеģȻûġ

𴽽ЦЦ̧סգЦ~ģ뿴޿κδӦӡ
߻աطGɫ࣬ҲףЦˣ˵˲ǲС
ںˣ˵Ҳǣ̣ʲô¿ơ
Իò˶ãᳵ·Ľκˡ
Ͼ߲ȱŮˣ⣬赭дĽ
ţɡ˵ûסӴһطGʱһֿ־壺ˣ
ӣڵˡ
ˣ͹Ƥӷܼˣһַǳӵ顣
һ⻰ӽˣٿվʣҪˣ
ʹ̫ҽƴأѰ̫ҽĶˡ
Ҳ˽һƤë˵ǿʼǾҪˣɲܵ飬ֱ׼ˡ
ع̲ס֣ûǴ²Ű˸£š
£үƽһ˲䣬˺ܶ࣬Ψʧȥ
ԭѵôһΣŸɰϸϸķӦ̲סЦˣţ£ⲻҪˡ
˵ĻҲܲ³ʲô
طGδ֪ЩˣϽַԼǸϣϸϸܡ
еһһġЦڴء
طGȻã
ͷԴãΪδ׼ء˵ˣ˴ǷܻʳˣҴ                        
лҪ˵ģƺ޵ĵȴ~
˵˻
ģүˡ

 48 

շ
ô, ûסֿˣֻطGҪ, ַǸ᲻ÿ΢΢, һɡ
Ѿϰ, ż̥, һ, ȥעˡ
ǶԷͬ, ߵʱС΢΢͹һ㣬Щ, ȥˣʧ, ͸ϧ
̥ʱ򣬻𣿡ʡ
̫ҽ˵, ̥˵ʱ򣬻ر, ΪǻΧС̥ѳһ, ߵĶһĵطܲ
ЦȻôˣǾǲۡ
Ȼô˵ˣǾۡ
طGֲ, չĸűȴ룬׸ô⽿˵ʵڻµĴûôȫţҪưá
뷨Դ·ӣرʺԴ̫ӣȵģʲôվϿǣҪߵʱ򣬰ҲҪԥ
ɻǻʶԵʣ̫ӶǷӵ
̫Ӹ꣬ҵѼڣڵʱЩͲסˣҪȡ࣬ǣҪЩʲô֤̫ӵλڲͬġ
ʶѾĻʺˣе¶֮䣬˶£Ѿȥ䡣
ܸ̫ܵеĸоԷҪٵĻȡλЩȲˡ
˶˵ʰǶԴλ飬ֻ֪ġ
ʱʶﲡأһûһĹžҪûˣʰŸ٣˭뵽ʶƵĻ˹ 
Ҳˣգͷлʺţ̫ӵвصġ
ѾĴ˱Ҳתơ
ô֮࣬ܶ·עǾģΨһů
һЦԳ˭뵽ʲôеʲôûء
ľݣҲưˡ
ȥʹȻʹ
Ǵڣ˺ˣƫƫɢζ򷭵ûС
ѽ͵͵Ļ
ӦһתЦģһڡ
طGҲЦɣ㲻һ
˶һۣ̲סò˵໹Щ˵쵽ܳΪĿɽһ𣬸ˣϸ
ʼѾʼıˡ
ͻȻһ÷˵ºڣʱֱӻȥ鿪⸮ôҲ벻һŮ˹ټŮ
ô£Ҫܵˡ
ȵطGȥֵĹϽĸԼĴ㾡˵ˣŰȵţطGˣ¶ɵЦ
һЦطG˲ɻĵʲôأ

ҲûϹ˵µҲ̫׼ˣֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
طGЦЦĿһۣòСžˡ
ԳԵЦͼȻأطGЦЦʲôүѧ˼֣㳢
˵ϧ֮˵Ҳ֣ͻȻ飬ͻʵôѰģ
طGƵķӣһϸסĵ̧㲻ǲµˡ
ҪȻһأ
˲һѾҶҪѰˣĻ
˵⻰طGͻȻһޱĿһۣȻһЦ˭أ͸ⶫ͸Ķȱ
˶ôã͹ϧ֮ϵģŲ飬ٴζٴʧ䡣
һж֪£Ӧܵˣȴġ
κϴ󺵣ԭģϾΪӣһ£ǲųôԶģ෽µĲ¡
Ϊ̫ӺˣȻΪв
Ϊһ
ŨŨĴζвŵûҳ
СС죺
طGһͷԵŮ˸ϳȥҹŸ̥һҪˡ
ƫƫͬһͷ˿᲻á
ֻųŻţôĴҲҽڡ
ʲô̫ˡ
ʲôջ˵һԹ˲Ͼûϵ
ʲôˣ⡣
֮ûġ
ѽĿǲɡ
Ӧһתֱ׳Ψһˡ
ô򵥡
طGЦЦĿһۣԶסǰȰȰȺ˵С죬ʡľ
µĳСС𡣡
߰˵߰Ǳͣ
˶ӣߺŶˡ
׶ˣСҲǼСģھǲ£ҲûеģһƣҲѿڶ¡
طG˰ĶӣͻȻ˸үơ
һѾҪôԭһŷӦå
յģ˿£ʲô
طGӣЩίүĶûأͱСռˣûеˡ
Уڿˡ
˵رʣвУ
ľܾˣ˵ʵڵģЩԱˡ
˵ûֶ٣Ҳûʲô仯мȻĿȫǣ㰲οԼЩǻеıؾ֮·ɿЩɫذռĵ̣ﻹЩܡ
Ůڱصһͷܡ
ͻأĹĳô󣬾궼͹һ飬ֱ󵽼¡
Сһҧ
طGЩźûб˵Ե㲻ԸˣүʲôġƵãûбҪ
Ӧĺãүõʱ㡭Ѿˣ⼸ֱ£˵ִ˵ģȵյʱүٸ
˵˵ţ뵽ܣ㹴ߴǿζ궬գ㴩үĺãү֪ʲô²
ƽϧܲסû̫֡
˲Բ۾ʲô
ķӦطGۣرΣյĻȣĴһ飬ϽΪԼԲֻˣҡ
˵Щ᣺ôأ
طGüжž᣺˶˵⺢ҪιŸԼףοҲЩ
кܶĸιĺôһʱ벻ˡ
ʱģص϶ûôע
طG˵ĺǴĹǣͷʣ뺢Ӹףǳɲأ
ǸףǾһ֣ˣ赽仵˭Ͳס⣬ʱʱ̶̿㡣
ɲţ˵£ȻҪܶģǳɲǻɲţײ׵ľͲһˡ
˵ɲжȣʲôأ
ֳɲţָסͣףΪҸʮ»̥ѧӽ棬ɲҪȷķʽס
֥ҲҪҲҪ
طGҭһεº¶ˣ念ǣֻһ̫̰ˡ
һ룬ȷʵ˲ıڷ磺Ǿͽĳɲųɡ
ϾȮӡ                        
лҪ˵ģү˵δ滮

 49 

˵ӵ, ִյһ˵滰
һۣ̲סһЦˣһּ, Ǿǽͺá
ڹŴܹƽƽĳ, Ѿǳˡ
رڻʼ, 뿵ӵĳɻ, طGԺЩ, ͷ˶ٽȥ, һǳµ֡
طGβεɣ˵ʲôʲô
ҵʱǰԺ, ֲǰ˵ʲôǼٵġ
̵ĵͷ, µĳѣⶫǸϡ, һնûгԵƽ
طGģóԵĽ
ֻһ, ͹ˡ
طGԵӣⶫÿ, ҪôİƤ֭ˮŪֶǣҪôֱӹ, ٰƤ³
ԵУƵİƤа׵ָͷ֭ǣĵָⶼӨ
طGһۣ
Ƭ̹̲סβЦſڣ
Ŀ¶ɻЦִѩ۵֣ɻ󲻽ĿУһԶҲ벻¡
ٿغͬһǵۼһƬϡ
Ͱ͵ĿڣȵĴУٶĻҲҭȥˡ
طGЦ˹ֱӣ˹ߴǣʲôû˵
ؿڣЩգ˵ʵڻǰǺ޲ðһֱ˵ĸȵһͿܾãɢһ졣
࣬ȥ˼׽͸˾ñСϸҪЩ
طGЦչүˣ
еأԼĳŲסˣ˼ղúڻ٣ǰôġ
үү¡һڣֽˡ
ǳɫͫЦЦĿԼ϶͸ˣоҪˣ̵ľˡ
ɱãʲôү˵һ䣬ִսЩ۾һһٵүĽԶúү
Ѫۿֿգ˶ҪƮ𾪵ʱֻԲԲԲˡ
~䡣
뵽Լɲܰ׷ˡ
΢΢βطGָ̺Ĵֱ࣬߳ˮ⣬۽Ƿζүꡣ
Ҫʰ֪ʲôз١
ЦֱһѣϵѣббĵݹȥζĻأұš
ҵʱѾˣҪʰ붼롣
˶һۣЦر
ôãЩ룬ǰԸСˣǶȻҪһ˯ġ
طGܵ룬
֪ջعʱǽиϰߣͷǽͻȻˣ˫ֶ֪ķţԺʱҲ§һ§
ǵø֪ʱξεˣ˯úúõģͻȻһգʲôˣֱȥ̡
ʲôֱܸ̣ͨһʵʵڵϡ
ỳп飬ʢǹū۶۵ʱµ
ʣء
ʱǹūŵѾˡ
ɡᶨܾԼûзⶫġ
Ȼͼֱһ죬ֱӰקһſ˲ҸʵĽǶȣ۾װ˯
˭ܾܾˡ
طG첲ˣ˻ȥޱ鷢㳤ˡ
ôһ˵˲۾װ˯ʧܣϽʣģ
ȻģطGЦԣԼĪء
Ҳãϲ̵ģָͷ㣺ܳ磬ܳһ磬˵õʱҲܸ߸ߵء
Ըбɰֵһᡣ
˹գȽϰϸˣԼ䲻ڡ
ıǻȣҲҪŵġ
šطG§§ܸ߻ǰҶĽҪ˵ʲôʲôοིôࡣ
˵˵ţ˯˹ȥ˯ز㣬˯ˣҲܵĽ
ս̥ӹѹȵȸЩʹЩǼҳ㷹
ƽɣҲſ˯ֻҲ࣬ƫƫּѵĽҶǸѰ˯ˣҲɣƣۡ
еʹ࣬˸飬ֿʵ£ûôˣҲ˵ģϾûµ̫ء
ڼҵСϱµ˸£¶껪СӲǰͷ
Ƽʱľˣף̥ĸӶʽգҲ벻Ӷᵽֵز
Ůͷһͷ㷢ɻף㹻Ŀġ
ôһԱȣֲҵǸ
˻˯˯ţͻȻ˻һطGеۣæʣˣ
ԺӣźĻһ䣺£ˡ
Сݣر˯Уܰһ
طGӣվЩˡ
˵Ů쾭壬ɴΪܹܿ࣬᲻õġ
һ۲˰½§˯˹ȥ
ѹʱ̫ȻţƿͷһۣҡӣźãʲôȳҪҪˡ
ȷʵȣлҪϺܶࡣ
طGܵĻأɳɳɣ꣬Ҽҽ
˲̸˵ԼЦˣĸһĺгӣ̲סѿЦˡ
һʱЦ˭Ҳ벻ڶŵʱɵС꣬ȻǴ˵Ļˡ
طGһˬĿЦɣнԣ춼ء
ҵүѽ̲ס˵һ˳˵ĿͷЦȻˣǱ¼գʡ°Ĳ
ϾΪɺģˣʲô¶ӭж⣬Ҳæˡ
طGЦ̰ġ
ȷʵô̰ģͷ½ˣͱؾˣʱŶӣȻţҪô߻ʵԶģʩΪ
ԽԽ˫ֺʮϵϽĶ¼źãն¡
طG̲ס˹ıͷںһ䣺úúã꣬ն¡
˵̲סЦôãôСµĿǷǳСġ
ү㱸ĲŻھǣѾȥˣʱֱӹǾˣնһһĺãҲĽ¡ϸϸͣףŽ˵үʹ̫ҽˣŮǰ˶ԼоˣȻ
֮ǰЩһϲͨΪ޲ԼţʲôҪһ졣
֪֮󣬾֪ʲôģ
ߣ֪ܱƽ¡
֮ϲû뵽һôϸģʲô¶ܵˣֱĿͷȥ
ôһˣôӵʱ˲
ЦڽһڣЦġ
Ҷкô£ֱŤʱռʱ򣬾뵽һˣûбȻʼõĲŸ׵ˣһʱҲˣûпڡ
˭֪ԷѾźˡ
طGѧӣ˹գְһ˹Ц˵ɲܺ˱ˡ
ͷ
~
üġ
ôౡ
                        
лҪ˵ɡ
ģҪ
ǡ

 50 

, ֳ
طGֱ֣ͦ, ޲ԶԶģС˵Ľ, ÿÿ˰ѳֲס
ƫƫָ, ԳԵЦ, ˺޲ðסһ١
Σյ뷨ԺйһȦ, طGཱུ, ûס󣬿ԾĵԲ۾, û˿źЦŷ֡
, ɤӣ˵, ûĵ֪֪Լͦĵġ
̧ͼһֹ, ֪ҲЩܲס, ִսЩѧŷŵǻڣĸ磬˼Һ~
طG
и磬ò˵, ϲõġ
Ǵ˷粻ǣǱ֪ˣȻʱʱҪ׽Ūġ
ʲô߰ģɱǡƴİôõûʧܡ
̧ͼһЩԲӣŹ˹գ˵õ˶ϲиأѵϲеܵܲɡ
ܵܣ
طG
̲ס֡
һԱȣʲô׵ģЩ˰ǿķǣƫƫһСŰƵá
硣
硣
硣
һ˺üıס΢΢ƫƫƴΣү
Ц֪ʲôд˵ʲôá
طGʲôֱڹ͡
ЩطG򣬺òװѱָ˻ͼյߣĸ硣
Ҫˡ
ޱ롣
С߻Ṵˡ
͸Ҳϼֱ죬ɵЦѹˣūĸѽ~

²㰮ĻԾͶס
طGֱӽ§ߢסǺ촽ʡһĶŪ
Ƥ
Ƿʰ
ֻǵЩ͸ŵץס죬˽İһ𣬽ܸܵĳȡ
ɡЩͲסġ
طGͣ£üоѹֵ˹ǣŶĵʣ֪𣿡
ɵͷôĴָõ̺Ŀ֬һЦŷŹ
ãԼĪʩˣСӣֻյһͿ
һһʱͻʱ
ٺ֣Ŷߣ߻۸˵ġ
ƫƫ˵ʲôϾ۸ϲ
طGƳһۣν˱˻Բǡ
ЦЦֵģĸҪԷˡ
ȵ룬طG̲ססЩԾʣС
˵Ȼ룬ԭԶʱ򻹾Щ֪ƣȰֻ԰˷ֱעЩ
СһȥˣƵá
˿룬һʱûӦβЦԱǣЩ
ֳԲ꣬ʢһ룬־òÿʢ˲꣬־˷ѣС
طGԼе룬е룬ͻȻ;òζ
ﲻϲԵĻʵ
һۣںĻأأӾôλͻȻôԵĶȻҪλġ
θĵģҪԼɡ
ҲҽˡЦ
˭֪طGֱס֣Ȧˣˡ
ס˿˿ӨͻȻͷЩζϽЦݣһ£ÿ˶Ҫģʲô಻ġ
ҪӣѾ׼ˡ
»΢ģȵӵʱ򣬻һ⣬ϵʹ޷дС㣬ЩϵĴһϵܣҲˡ
ΪԲģɵɸ˵˵ʱеίһӵϡ
Ҫʹһ㶼١طG§üӡһϵǣŵү㡣
ɫӵĿû뵽ô˵
Ϊһʼˣ˵Ů˺ϸΪŮȣϾСܵĽѧˣĻ£˵Ļʵ˸ж
ڸˣϾעҪ
ʱ˿̣Ȼů
ϽСҲǸˡ
˵طGڲͷۣرͷͷǵү࣬һһų㿴ĸϲģֱñǡ
˵ŴӻͳһŷСչͼдһҳ֡
ֽĺ룬ĳʱʱĦԵʣֽŵıԵЩĥëˡ
һ֣֮ǰЦӡ
˼ڤŵóһ٣ֽ˶á
֪ʱôЩĲˣΪһʰ磬һһҼͷһĽࡣ
ʲô
еֻֽñҪʮҪЩ
̧طGͼüͣǳЦʣϲĸ
ִ֣ЦˣͦģֻŮк̫Щ
Ƕ֣
طGǸֲ֣ڵĿ˿ȣŹĵܰ񣬶Խǣ¡
ʶǶ𣬾
̲סЦˣɣǱǣ˵ˡ
šӦһطGҪջеֽȴˣɣҪ£ʱƣһƬȭȭ֮ء
طGڵ˿ȣ𴽽ǣû˵ʲô
ֽϵдú棬һһʲ֮
ֿϡɡ
ġδڣͼڴ̲סƤһ£ɡ
Щʧ񣬴ѹỽĸ~
˲侧ɵͷ̾˹ȻǴӣͰ欵ĵиɻɣϲϲ
ƫƫϻһүǸˣЩ߰ģ֡
šȻͼطGʹ۽ޣƽȣûƵãȴ𴽽ǣָôֺء
Щڣɤӣ¶գſɻü
ֱ֪һ£૳ӴˡɻṴˡ
طGջһϷߣ˵ĲǴ˭һڣһ١

֣;ôָˡ                        
лҪ˵ɣµ˶

 51 

Ȼϻۡ
̺Ĵ, ޱ롣
֪˵һһ׼, طGı飬˹, Цѽ, ǰͷʮܵĹ, ˲ɡ
ô˵, طGбһ, ЦЦδʮĹҲϡ
ӡ
˹գû⻰硣Ͼ֪, һǳΣյĻ⡣
˵˼䣬װ·, ͷͣˣһʱϧ, ̾˿ôһ
ôãҪձųɡ
һ˵, طG꺢ӣܹ
һʱ֮, ûзӦ˵ʲô˼ŻȻ֣ԭ̫ࡣ
ҡҲˣ, Լ
ǲǵģ˵ûõģطGĵȣرܵĿڣǡ
ڶһ磬ʱطGѾӰֻͷưô꣬ĿһƬƣʣͼ૵ô꣬үȥˣʹã
´ɡҲã紵ִŴҿͷˡ
üͷһۣȷʵµĴ󣬻ͷǻˮ˳СӣʱףʵЩˡ
ȥˣʡ
ģԽ죬Խǵóȥ¶Ҫϸţհ˸ƯˣĹ͡
һ䣬˵ҲˣЦЦȻˣ㰲ĵĵűǡ
ô˵ţﵽЩȣʱҲһΣյ£رǻƺӱλã֮Сġ
뵽һȥûš
ϲ˵ʲôĴݣӲĸ˵嵭ЩЩϻˡ
ĸһۣû˵ﰡǵүأ⼱ģϻ𣬷Ļֹ
˻ʱЦķȴˣݾЩۣҪֱƣˮŶģʵ֪ǺãᣬطGƼ
Ǵˣһ۾֪ôɵġ
ʲôʲôġ
䴺ϴµʱطGһƣĻˣеĲŷ˿̲סЦˣһڣЦүˡ
̲ܲסɳùˣ
طGͷԹŻģүȥϴ
ûϴԼĲ񻰣Ҫ̫Ĳֱӳ嵽ǰġ
бڴϣŸԡҵķ򣬷ͷԷ籩׸ôĵĸ˵Լϵϻ𣬶ǵ
˭֪ȶԷϴս֮󣬾֪ǰôá
طGѹû˼һ㶼ףЦγȥԭ˻㽻˭֪ô󣬲С·ܡ
ȥ޻أʱͲˡ
̲סһڣüͣ´γţʱʱ
˵Ŵӻͷͳһֻ͸ںĿڣТģž£ͦʺġ
ҪƴǣִʱֱʲôڴʱֱʵǸǧĹǣҲ˵ӦоУֻô顣
ͼطGӻͳһ飬ЦһԣŰɡ
ȷʵŮ࣬ͷ꣬ͦÿġ
£ͼطGϴ£ŵ㿴ʱʱ򣬺ô֪ү㡣
С˲ͨ죬бһۣɫˮġ
ôûͣϽ˯ɡ
ǺˣطGü۴Ц§§ʱ̤̤ʵʵ˯ˡ
ڻƺӱߣֱ̫ӸˣҶˣ·ƽƽĻ
ӵĻҪ˵˯óˣԡĴæӶûüΣȥЩ峿ĺ磬Ӳ
Ĳ˸Ƿѣ˲˯ȥ
ҹʱ˹ոһĹ˲䱻һ˫ʵı۰סˣͼطGѶûѣͷ˯
ӦЩȻҲЩж
곤ˣüӲǰġ
ƱǿӲ£ǵǸ𴽽ǣҲ۾˯ȥ
ڶһ磬ʱ˸գΪҹһͼطGЦͷ˽յĲɣѾʰһö
ˣԼĪǸոȫǺǰҲʪ͸ˣˮ˳Ű°ʹ۳һΡ
ţ̲ס򴽰꣬Цˡ
˶һۣ̲סЦˣطGǰϴ磬Щټ֬ˮۣǲã
һżͿһ¿֬ˡ
ȵβŰԼյǰĽģʣƣ
ۺĿɲ١
طGϸϸЩȵķ֣Ϳˡ
ͷЩƵʣ
һСɹ޳ͷٵôһۣ֬طGƣһ㣬Լϣȷϲ֬࣬֬ۡ
ǰѷӢͷȥˣĨȻҲĵ֮
ʱǺر࣬׵ҪͻԵð͸죬ԼȻƵãȻҲǼõģŸǺÿ
ӣ˹ҪˣұĸЩҸ˵Ůմⶫû˽õ
Ǿ۵ҺͿٲˡ
طG˼Ŀţβˣүƿɡ
ʶ¶ãһ١
ڰʱٶǡ
Ҳһ룬Ͼ˵˵ⶫǸƷһƿӶʮ£ʱϰˣͻȻûˣɲҪ
м䵲ţ˭Ҳǿȡ᲻ǡ
Ӧ£ֱͲ£ÿ¶ҪģⶫرѹôһСޣĽϾѵãӢҲѵã˶Ĳܺ⡣
һοǳ࣬źˣõ֬۶һģ˶ۣ˵ҵˮãˡ
طGһۣЦɣʱͷãװ޵ʱðװ

ǰӣһԼʲô֬۸ࡣ֪֪ԼһһϣõǶĶ
ԸŴƿأðװܾ̣ˡ
үǰ˵һǡ鱦Ķﲻȱһһѣܶڮ٣ɷϵǣںλϵĶ˷ӵҪ
ؿڣС죺
ž۵Ľ
ͼطGЦЦ˹ү͵Ķ˵ǰ̳ӶС
ϧ˻ȥˣӣֱЦˡ
ͷһģӹǧѡҪϲҪԼУҪҪÿҪг⣬涼ǵˣΨ벻ԷգĴ˻
Щı˵ˣڣǧİǰҲա
һǽ޳ָ򢡣                        
лҪ˵Ҳ㲻Ҫҡ

 52 

գգ, ͻȻЩ̧ۣȵָʹ˵
ЦŹ, ̧˲ԭء
ͼɫǳֱֱ, ޷, ǰǳ, ӿ󺣵, ޿ĸľ, һ壬˲Ʈ
ɡ
ỽһʱĿãã, ޷۽
طG͵һЦ˫һ, ߢסշת, 񣬱һ죬ǰһƬڰ
Ӿʱ, ⴥø
룬Ҳĥ˵ġ
ĥˡ
Щ, ģ~
תģطGˣô˫ӣźķŹˡ
, үҪȱĶ
һ㶼١
δ֮ԣԾķ˷һϽתҶ˵ʲô
Ҫ˷ˡ
ǴôҲû뵽û輸죬Ҫˡ
õ꣬ʱ򣬱뿪ʱ
Ͼ¶ѾˣʺĴߣ޲ֱ
طGˣ񾲵˯գüӡһǣŵĳȥˡ
˴һ£һǹ꣬ϾСʱ򣬲Ų
᲻á
ôᣬҪʱҪߵġ
ȴʱһļžûϣϾһβףÿζȥˣر㡣
Ӧǡ
ֱһ˲䣬֪ˡ
߰һţͷдŽ
ʲôҹļ䣬˲ӿͷԭˡ
ò˵ǰεɱһЩӵģģշֱôһЩˡ
ɡǰϴСĹ۲ɫССүѾˣ˵ţȵʱ򣬾
Ŷϸϸ˵ͼûƵãֻñ͡
һûж˵
ӲˣǶСźţսսӣʰ飬ֱøһ
ǰ۵첱ӴֵĲǣͷһξã˶ð£ûͳģʵ̫ˣǣÿ˵Ķһ̶һ˷ĵ¡
ǰʩȡӡдһЩƸ۵ĺڡ
ѾˣҲˣյˡ˵ˡ
Щŵģѣղһ˳ȹŵˣֱʱ֪ʲôɼʲôһ̤Źأʲô
첻Ҫˣ༱ʡ
عﻰ첻ءŹء

 53 

㲻żˡȻڡ
ô˵, źת˼Ȧһʱ֮䶼֪Ǻá
ַ̧, ̧ʵЩ޴, ȥ¼, ˵, ʱʲôҪ, ⶨȻǺܷѲ, ԵĲ˵ȻҪ㡣
Ӽ쵽ʹ, ˣ˯ҹˡ
ҡҡĸ, Ҫˡ
ĸ˯Ժ⻰, ϽЬ, Ҫˡ
ԭ𣬲ҹҹ, ҲǷɽ䱸ˣҪˣһʱСԺõ, Ͻȥæ
տʼʱ򣬻ܵȻıĿ
Ͼʹ˼壬һۣһϢӵӣԼ̣ЦŸȤ£ۡ
ȵʱЩЦˣ͵һĬĬ⸫ۡ
ʵۣ۵˹
Ҫȴ۵˵
ˣЪЪ ĸ۵Уӵˣжôʹ֪࣬һ
Ҫô˵ӾǹŹһأΣʹಢ档
ҧҡͷĺ£ϵѶʪˡ
ֻԼֻ뿸С
Լţ۵ʵܲסҪȥ֣ū˵һôҲȥģǺӿˡŸһ㶣һĽģȴǿĽ˼ϲ
ЦҡͷҪӣѾǵˡ
ͷ߽ǰף֪ôģͻȻطGʱҪߣʲô㾫ϵ֧ҲǺõġ
һ˿УЩˡ
ſһۣ̲סԭء
ġɣһ˲䣬еļǿȥôһޡ
ŴǰߣҪȷһ£ǲͼ˽һ˦̤ż˳ǣЩʧĺһʦѽ
ϧ֮ǿĵģϣĳ
㡣ʱӣԺͷ˶ûУô붼ģԽϵĹˡ
ЦͷʾϽϲ裬һʱ˲Եģӣһʹȥ
žһƤ׹صٿȻ̧ͼطGֱӳ˽ͣߣ޴Ļ˼£ŽüףŵүڣĪ¡
ô˵ͻȻ˳ӣѹס޵ɤۡ
˵վסˣһˤˣϽŷǰرգطGתз龫ģԼһ̲סֱӳȥˡ
ž
ϧ֮£ĸʲôƵã̧طGʴͷܿ࣬ôôڣͼ糾ͣȻǽϹġ
˶ݣӦҲûеġ
һ̾Ϣ죬Ҳǣûзų˿
Ըһаá
̴ٵĺʱʱóѹֵ£һǰ㣬ԽˣžԽʹࡣ
طGзתԽԽ죬ȴ۾һ
һʱ֮䣬ⶼžˡ
ֻв௶̸Ψһ졣
ڽĵȴУһ𣬽ĸϲһطGŵߣڷࡣ
طGſڣ
֪û¾ͺá
˭֪һûУطGʱˣŶ룬ֱӳ嵽ǰͷǺ˿һһƵģɫƵı۾ǣʱˣ˵ͼĸԲ۾ŵ˯ˡ

طGͷѪζڴǰ
Цŵ˴Сӣأһģӿ̳ģϲүϲү
طGһۣ͡
߾תƵϣӡУŮ쾭壬ɷŵϣ͸ۣ޲֮
˯ʱתѡ
һۣͼطGſڴ˯ˣһֻֻס֣ԶһԷʱˡ
ʡ
ͷ
ֹǶֱһӶ˵ĸо
ɹ͵ĶӣɵʣҼǵ˰Ϊʲôӻô
ĸŶ仰ɵЦˣء
˵Žбŵٷŵձιأˡ
һʱ˵ĿⶼСС٣ò˵طGſãȻϡɡ
һ۾;ˣʵӤǳµСӣͷʵûôôСһֻ
̫˰ɡ
ͮͮͰͶѾˣһ˲䣬ֱЩ
ôСͷƵã૵
һӤİ۶ûУʵΪ趼䲻ڡ
طGӣЩ飺˵ү˵һģӿ̳ģû˼˵
ΪԼ⣬Ĳ
˵ʵڻ⺢ӳȷʵЩǸĺӲ֪࣬˼ҵĶʲôԼǳ޷
˵ءطGȰοŴǾС֪Ȱοʧˡ
˵ҲǣҪ˵ֵǿӶټͷôܵûһطG˵࿡Ҳ룬ǲߵġ
ĸ˲̹˸ĸ˳üģһ䣺ˣ
СССʣСʱ򡭡Ҳôȡܾ˵ԼҺӳЩá
ĸ֪ǾʲôʱЦˣСӿأ߶೤Ǹ۾𿴺죬̥Ƥ˶Ȳİס
Щ£ĸϸϸһģ̥֬ţиͲˡ
ⷬôһ˿ڴ˵ĺÿˣֻҪƽˣ޶˶ͳɡ
׺ô󣬶ڲȥĸССĹ棬һЦû£˯ϼͱСͷˡ
˯˯Բ⣬ͱȽзȨˣɣϲԲͷϲͷ
ĸһ£ɵÿطGͼĵͷô죬ֻӦ¡
԰ɡطGӣһԡ
ھ;ˣҲʳ嵭ʱ򣬵ǲڣζֻзǳζԵһûС
⡭סŴĳ£ʣµĻȥ
һιأⷹ˾ûζ˵㣬ൣĸЦŵ
ʵӦðһүԣƾʲôأһڷˣܵóﳢĿࡣ
طGûע£ιЩ⣺ʱ򻹵ụ̂۵οء
˵ĸѰĺúõģ׵ģû⡣
ŻССˣͷûƴС߬ͶƵþͷҲԪô
СһһģŻ̵Σţó󣬷ÿɰ
ι򵥴ֱĽ͡
ԭһѪнܹϵĸι֮һȻ磬ǱȻǳζģĸҲøˡ
Ϊĸ׵Σ˭Ҳˡ
ֻҪľͿҪڻˣ˭뵽
лҪ˵˽ʵıʾĽڵġ
Ԫڿ֣

 54 

е, ͷһ˸ĸģʲôʡ
˵һ, źЦʵͻȻ͹ˣӦ֪ǣϾҲû֪ͨ
طGиС̫, вšбһ, ʣҪ, үһ
Ҫô˵, ԩ, ϾڲɣԺ󻹴
ӣʮ, Ϊϡ
ѽͷΡ
طG˲, ӹе룬Ͻ, ܣүҲܡ
ģһֱΪ, ͬĸ֣Ƿ˵, ²֪иͬܡ
̧һۣԼĪ޴ʱգڲ, ҲˣǳԸĹҲʪ͸ˡ
УȫǶĹذ
λεʾ˼ûһڸǡ
֣Ǵͼ˻һɵЦˣʮµľͺˣ⣬ۼûС
֮ǰطGð칫ݣ±Ƚоˡ
طGû⣬ĵͷרעĿĿڣүˡ
ԭ͵͵ĳѾôãҪϽȥˡ
ʱᣬ˫ˮطGҲܣССɶڸǰȴҪȥ￪⣬ֱЩ֪˵ʲôá
ȺӴЩү㡣
طGͷüףŵ
һʱеΪУƫƫ¶ţ㹴𴽽ЦЦͷҵ㡣
ǵȲˡ
ЦЦɫȻγ
ȴ޶˵طGһͷ£ûϸ룬ת
ڷſⲽΣЩ᲻ãطGֻһŴˡ
˯ˡסͷһ꣬㲻ϳˡ
ЩԼľǶǴ
ǻӣģӲûиȨԿûС
ʱλһ仰㹻ɢˡ
ǵǵʺָ̧̧ͷ㹻ǧΣǻȨĽ
֪գ統ʶ
ɡ૵Ļһ
Σӻͷİ˭꣬
~ܴ˸гģžǺӵˣߺСʱʲôˣ޴Ľ§§ȴ֪øʲôһ˲Ͻĸǿˡ
ĸϽ·򲼣û£Цˣȥιιͳɡ
˵ԼȻ䷢Щˡ
ղֻŵطGûע⵽֪ʲôʱӲשͷۣɱʹܶˡ                        
лҪ˵̣벻Ҿôǿ
Ԫڣ¸ɡ

 55 

ϸϸܹ, ŷֲǴ
ȷʵע⵽һ˲, ʹ
˫޴ıȻһ£̧𣿡
ĸһƾ֪ô, ĵͷ, ֻͷء㲻ʲô, ȵ², ǲۡ
˲Щ, ʲôɲܵʹ
㵱ôģʡ
ĸĿһԶϸϸǰβŵô, 㵫һۣͻᱻż˵ġ
ͻȻô, Ȼ˺ܶණûЩεϱϵ
ô˵, ʲô׵ģĸȻ˵ȻǱ˵, ҪȻһˣۡ
Ҫҩ̸, ĸĸСӣǰˡĸ۵Сһ, ɵۼˣһȰСӶϰĸˣⲻϹڡ
ҲԼϹڣڨڨҩҺ˰ɡ
ǻ̵ҩȥûкڵˡ
ƣСӣǽҩˣҲˣ»أҪ̣ǲǵ©գôˡ
˵ĸĸڣҪι̣ȷʵЩĪ
ۣҲòȥ
һ֮Ӳ죬޲ЦãԲ˯£˶Ҫˡ
̫ˡ˹գ̲ס̾
ȵʱ̬ѵúЩɡ
˭֪Էһ仰Ĺ򣬾Ͱ˻ȥܼǿãЩʧĿڣҲˣҲƣ
ȻŻҲģģĬⶼǹԼʰġ
ǸһŮ˻ϣЦЦֱǸ֡
ȳ£ȥɡ˦˦ͷ̲סôܴ󻹵üͷʰо֡
һղŵιˣĵͷɡ
һ˵֮꣬ԵЩ޻˵ẓ̌ȴ̲ס˵ǻȥˣѩڿЩǶﳤģѣʵЩ˵Ǹĵģ˾֪Ǻ
ôʵѩһίһƾǸ˵йӺݾڣ浣ѩڡ
ȻҲʮ»̥ǧģֱ⣬Ρ
̲ס̧ƵʣȻˣοһȥ
Ҳͦõģǵأֵĸαί
˶֪ôŮӻȥʲô˵̾Ҳͦõģү˵ˣԼĹŮԼ˭ۣ˵׹Ůͷ滹ҪҪˡ
˵ѾЩͶ˼ˡ
һС̫ˣ죬Ҳ佱ĻεߣǸвŵġ
ʵǿ޿ɿˣŴͷɕiݣ̲ס룬δĹ˵׵ö󣬲ôһ
ÿɷûȥӺ󣬱ȥˡ
ĸĸʲôƵã˶ˣһҧгݣѩڽǽγΪξҪ
뻹ǲģ߶ʱ򲻱˵ĸĺһ֪Σֵùүһǰ㣿
⳯еʮ֪ҲȲá
طθʳǸµıȡ
¡ǵǸĸףΪȻ͸ģֻǵʱתϣô̬ȣͲôҪˡ
ԭТʲô¶ûˡ
ĸɫĲ⣬ŷЩ˵ҲǷˣȻ֪ˣʲô۹ŮأҲʲôǿ
˵˵ţԼˣﻹͷ˵Щʲôûܡ
һĸ뵽£׶ȴֻıѩڣ˸˵
˵֧˳ӸҸֺǡĸЦϵܾĨȥ
ЦŵͷͷģиԭΪЩլģϾҲɣҲɣһ㶼ǿ󣬵ӣ֪ԭլ治ţҲץӸεܡ
Ի㿾ըһ߶һѳʳͷܳԵģĸЦŻأֲ̣ԵѾܺˡ
ǰյʱҪιǳԵ嵭
ϵ⣬ЦſڣҲԡ
Ƿʵ͵ĿѼˣھסô꣬ǳԵĹģƼ̲סü֡
̲סͰ͵һɡ
ȻǲɵģⶫأȻǲܳԵġ
һǴŹΣⶫҲأϣŵǻɡ
ҧͷָͷ㣺ⶼʮˣϾҪˡ
ĸͷѽһˣȷʵǿˡ
ôβŷӦЩʣĲһ룿һ¹ȥʮ죬Ӧûʣʮβ
ͼĸҲЩ죬˵رĻʮأȷʵһ밡
û
˵õӣΪʲôʮ졣
ʱȷʵһͿС£Ƶģʲôʵڵе
ԭΪԼ·СŮһ⣬֪ԼǸˣ˸еʹ࣬һ㶼١
ӹȥԡңݺݵðˮԼϴˢһֻͨͰˮ˶ˣ
ԼЩԲĹĵĶӣЩʧǸ²ǳӾҪʧˡϾ͹ӣһϵûС
ĸڸǻ򲼣̲סЦˣ˶ˣѾˡ
΢΢͹ѣѸ
ǷһѽѽĻֱۡ
ʱѴϡɣò˵⺢󣬿ǧӣžͺÿˡ
ཱུģСװ۵ģһ˫۾ƵԲִЦǺڰ׷ĵӰӰֻĶҪˡ
ⲻ֪仯ʲôʱʼģֻţͻȻͺÿˡ
ӦԼҵĳСӣѾɰ
СһͶëûģС߬ȭͷԴһţ㰲ݼˣʱ򻹴ͣĲˡ
СԹҲԳż~̫ã㱧ͤ¡
ͷһγŵʲôϡˣһƬҶǰƮҲܸ˵赸Цĸ¸µġ
һʱ価ЦҲЦ
~ָĴգһá
˵С̫ˣ֮ǰǴѣ޶һӣ˶ˣŵʧ
޶ְ꣬Ѹ첲ȥˣһͲĸ첲ˣϸûУȵס
ǿ˶Լû̫֪ö飬⿪СѣͼС첲һţݵķǰ
ôȫˣŵģǷˡ
лҪ˵ģүա
һ˵ˡ

 56 

˸ߴ, һʲô¶ֻ, ܶһʱ
ǲŵġ
ʱٺÿˣҲһʱ, öమ
ɵʱ, ֪, Ŀת, ᲻ƿ۾ġ
֮, ֪˰Щ˵̫ˡ
ⶢһʱʲô, ͷʲôû, һʱʲôһ, ûԽԽ뿴
ѽŻͷӣڴĿڣ, ж
ĸ
һжǸģڲΪˡֲΪ
˹, ϡ˹Լ˸ĸ׸ĸġ
һԽӵ벻ˡ
, ⺢ӶһĺӱϲҲӦģף˵ӱˣϵˣܿ
ܴ
ĸҲųĬ԰ԼĺӣҲ֪ѩڵ׸Ӷ񣬲øһĸ׵ģⶼϲ
⣬ԭʵģԼν
ЩޣԭûڵĸĸôԭŽ׳ֺ޹
ѩڱ˶ô㣬ȸռ𯳲ǲʵռҲͰˣҲû˸£⸣Ϳûںͷһŵġ
֮ǰĿڷͷҲ¶һ㡣
ʲô˵Ĳ֣嶼ˣøʱ䡣
޷԰ΣԼǸСء
ڴһ飬ѽУֱԺǰһжҪվġ
ѽСԹԡϡɣһۣˣֱӿĵ㵸
ǿȱеõǰδе㣬ò˵ٷְٵĻͷʼˡ
ǳ˯˯˳ԣһСãԼСŽţŽָͷ档
Цɲܳԡ
δĹǺԥİѽָͷͷһԵرġ
һھЩԣ̧ƴڣϽſԼĽţװµĻӻ֣ԼȥˣſˮСţôš
ĿɿڴôСӤѾˡ
ץסĲţôСĺӣ֪Լˡ
ƫƫСƮЩ֪÷ӣǿɰˡ
ȡɤӣԭǣ໵һͿˡ
ͬʱ͵͵۲ϽŲˣСϸɸɾˮǸɺʲô
ôƣ˵á
Цãĸ˵ʱ򣬾ĸ˵СʱҲÿ͵͵ʲô£֪ڸǣһ㶼Сӡ
˵žЩסˣ˵һѴЩС£˵ĿɿڴԭʱΪԼغܺõ£ûôá
ԭдͳĲɡЦСסͷĴ۾εղŵĺ꼻һһǸǣһ㶼á
ǳ¶һ޳ݵЦݣۺɫǿɰġ
ѽѽ~
ǻԼС֣һģʱ˲䰲ɵţͲٺҶˡ
⺢ӣġĸסڵĿ䣬ԽԽϲĺãɲ˵Ŀͷȥ
˵Цţͼ˹һûдǸ˼                        
лҪ˵ҵȡů豸ˣ鲻˴޲ãԼӸʱʱУҪû̫ˡ
벻ҲпԷһ죬ꡣ
20

 57 

ĸһ, ֱӾӡ
ȵֹЦڣǸ, ˵ˣǲūӭ븮
˵, ָ, ᲻µϸ, ˸й
һˮĸ, վһŵȴ١
ĸҪ, Ȼظֻūʲôû֪ﲻ, Ժ˻ž
Ȱ˰ļʾ, ƽϡ
Ǹ壬ҪԷ, ͲøЩ
ָǣϣңڡ
߰ɡ, С˸Ͻ
λظһĸ֡Ѿ, ǵĸȣҲʮˣǰ߳źġ
ӣѾò, ÿһ羰ϡĽֻ͵͵ƣ޲ֱȥĸˣСǶܼ磬ɲˡ
ҡҡȣεĳ˳Цʮ̫ŴӲǸҴ ˹գܼˡ
ĸһۣסڵĿޣÿ
⵹ʵүĲƵģƽƽʵΪѼĵףͷſſԲ顣
ĵСӰ͸죬پ潿绨
գһҲ֪Ϊãϲͱ¡
ĲԶһֱ֪˭ת֣㵽ˡ
ǺƽռұԵΡĴţЦЦǰ֨ѽһˣûֱͷȥˡ
ūŽ⴫˵еĵչҲ֪˲ţƫ˴ٹ⡣
ֻһ಼ʻ˽ƽƽ棬ʲô֮
룬һȥӵûУүûգ⼸ӿɶţͷʲô׵ġ
ѵķ˲缦ǵÿġ
ǰЩҲµõĿ˸ģĸķζҪըˡ
һӹūš޺޵
֣ζĻںͷš
ɲˣȵ̫̫ģֻ̫̫һţЦĴ飺˵һģӿ̳ģž˻ϲ
ЦЦˡ
˺Ѽ䣬̫̫˿ﱧŵ٣ǿ䣺⺢ӳ㣬ȻҪɲŵġ
Ӧˣһûһ˵ŻָڽЩǰ˵ԼĸˣŴӾ
˵ƽƽżġ
ڱܣҲ֪ûУ˵๫ˣҲǲסڵĿޣǸõġˣʲôá
˰죬֪˵ʲôҲ֪˵ʲôЦĺͺģͦô¡
ֻĸĥĥɡ
үѹǽиﶼ»ˣʱ
ǲΪȻֻ̫̫סʱ̲סü
Ǵ˵ǿԺŽ֣ʰĹסȥٺòˡ˵ôƯҲ޷ڸⲻΪ뷿ʵ
ġЦĺɵţŸСϱƵá
̫̫ЩɻԭŵĲطΪԼĹ뷿ƫԶСѩҪԼĹ뷿óʹãСл˵طײ˿Ǻá
û뵽ԷӦôӶϱǣǰ費
мֹԾüۼЩȴ⣬סҲ鲻ѣͷҲԶסֻԸͷ֪ƽĪҪ˵
⻰˲ԼؿڶʮԲۣӵ̫̫ϡ
ţġЦ̣
̫̫ЩҪԼˣο̭
Цȥһ·϶ʲô쳣ֻūƫԶСԺʱ򣬾ͼſһɫӰ
ýָͷһ£ȻǷ˵ĺùѩˡ
˭ѩЦ߹ȵľҪǣ֣ҲգֻЦŸߵѾ˵һʼ֪㣬ͷš
һ˵ţһСԺͷȥսԺţ̲סüһĿʼ۵ūţʲôĹҲҷܣԺͷĳ裬ȥһ׻ƻġ
ЦŻͷԺǧǻƻģ˵һЩҪҾˣɲЩƷ
СȰȵģһʹڳһҶΪõӡ
һͷˣһҾˣԭװҲװˣѩһۣһһ˦ͽҡ
áѩڼһĨЦմմ۽ǣݵı㿪ˡ
֪㣬ҾһֱţܽңҲù¹µһˡ˵մ۽ǣһ߰ݵ޲һ֮úõĸĸ˵ģͷ͸ͼƵܡ
ޱ룬ָĸġ
ڷ˱֪Ǹʲôˣһֱδӿ𣬻ϧţͷҲʱʱ̵̿ãҷͷѡ˲ΣҲܸԵ
ˣŷôɵ٣Ǻͷһɿ
ÿƽˣ󰡣һڷһԣʲôҪֻ볣鸸ĸߣΪ϶˲赹ˮϴͷҲˡ
˵Ϸȴȫѩһ˸ˣĹ˹ƣת˵ù
ֻҭѩɫ࣬Ҫ˵Ļؿ²
˰ΣūǰŻƻļҾ߹¶һЦݣȱʲôֻܸ㽲еģв
ץ˰ѹྣȵͣྵ
Ķ֣ѩֱƺѿֻͷȻоģټСĹһ㶼֪
ȺЪϢʲôõĲ⣬ǵø˵
ѩڴǺЦŶԷź꾫ƵһգգĿƤ̲סͽ˽
Ҵȥ̲סЦвץ˼ŰˣǳӦеĹƤӵ˼Ŀ
Ժﲻ󣬻û֮ǰסĴ󣬵ҲСô
ŻЦ˵
ĸߺߵĿڣﲻˣģֹûС
ⶼˣ˵׼ܣǾǻ˵ġ
ҡͷʧЦλ˼Ĳˡ
ʱµķδУĶУֻϲЩСˣԵĵʲôû
ĸųĬһȰӣγΪ
ð죬治ϲ
ô˵ָͷʼ վˣߣ˵ɷϼ飬˭Ҳס
ʱߣû½ϻϣһǳѵĿǡ
һһѡ
תһ£ٻƫԺĵطҲҲ
ɣȻҲѰġ
лҪ˵طGү

 58 

, ԼлҪ졣
ϲԼסʰϰߵӣõⶫ, õǶģϾʱŪź, ˡ
ķ, ﲻ, תۼ, һ㶼ϡ
ѩĸıͷ, ϧһжӣƼûһ
ԼԼС࣬ѧطG, ΢΢̧򢣬Ƥӿ, Ҫ˾жˡ
๦ѩھͲס, һ˷źڣǸˮͷģֻǲʱĳ, һƾ¡
ѩˡ˵ڣ, Цϸø߸ˣʲôһ
ԽôʣѩϵıӵįβŵԼĪǲϲҡ
һ仰, ϶ʱ֣Цˣίˡ
ûһ򣬾ͼ嵭Ů𣺡밲
ǳЩģһǶûУϸýжģȴһ䶼СȻĸϹϵȻϣһ㡣
һжƲ壬޲մһϵҵķ
ѩҿ˿Щµ̧Ȧһ죬ӱžžµҪ񣺡ʹܿ࣬ܣԺҵоãֻĪҪԸĸԹޡ

طGıӰ֪ΪʲôЩ飬ЩȸԾ
Ҷ࿴ҴһصԼԺӣ·֪ΪʲôܾãһӲˡ
ȻûһطGʩʩȻĹˡ
ǲɫۣûɵһ
ſҪ˵ȴ֪˵ЩʲôãǰЩε᲻ͬطGɫڳһƬڣĿ籩ꡣ
õͷСС죺~
طGϸϸԽԽ޳ָס򢣬ǿ̧ͷڳУ޹
ǡᳰ
ʱʹ˻һίͰ͵ţһԡ
֮˭û˵ȴһε
ĸҿﵣǼˣ룬ųԱůǽСҪء
ϵָ˲ɿˣطGɫĿһִۣǣֻһۣЩŲˡ
ԭǸͨͨͰ͵СһѾѩɰĸһģӿ̳Ƶá
ǡطG֣Ҫ죬ȴ֪֡
ЦűǣôǲŲܣطGûоܾ
һʱסˣǽΪµĺӣ࣬ȴˣĳĺܺá
ֻ飬Ĵ۾Сĺ޲ûһָͷ֣ûκ
ѽѽ~ϸܵĺ֣΢̵Ĵһ£˲ֿЦĸ¸µģСһкƫƫƿزʱȥˣʱĵžž졣
طGҲǼģϸƤš
ǼȥĲʱϺۡ
ʢľȴطG׽סС֣ᶨĿڣŶ
ɲԵģǲסСֵǴ֣ůдŸ
˲䰲ɵ۾Ц
һ˾ͺãŸղŵı飬ܾطGҪڻˣڵٺ֡
ˣȥɡ׵ɿطGͳ

زŶ
ͼطG˻֣˵Ǳȥе˶ȥ
һʱҰˣֻ೤ĺ
ԴǣڱûȾ㣬Դһůζġ
طG˵
Ļš
ɡССĿڣͰ͵²п𣿡
˵طGƷӿͣһƬϣͼЦЦĵ̧ǰ
ǰСŮˣȻɫ紺֮죬һ˫ˮٵĿˣһƣ΢
~ߺûƵãߵ˲̹Ȼӣͷ
̲ס̧֣סǾµ򢣬̧°ͣϸĴףߴµüëƵ΢΢ޣֱͦıӣɫ΢̴ꡣ
ҲĿϸϸһ顣
տʼܱ΢Цſţ̲סë򴽰꣬δڣһָǰ
ëȻ
ͼطGߴǣЦЦĶҪŲס»ʱһȿ̶ƣȥȻҲӲ
սΥ㽫Եеĸй٣޿ɱܡ
ɡܵԼ֫סɵЩҵĿ
ͼطG޵ʹϱ                        
лҪ˵š

 59 

Ĵ, Ŀ֦ҡڣʱôŴ
һһ, ˵˼
۲ľ, ÿľ, Сĸ, ûͣ
Ǳŵ˫, ˲һȵǡ
, Ӳˡ
뷽ŵ᲻ͬڴϵǰԵֳȣԭЩȳ׳Ųס, ᣬͱĸ
һ, ˫ôǵýϦϦյġ
طG֮, ֻԼʹ졣
ܹĸܡ
δǣ˲Ժɫǹιǵ, ֮
̼ǵøʶʱС, ۶һͻڵİְԵ
Ĵһ
طGſ, κ˫գ̲ס΢΢̣Ĳˡ
ڿˣ΢΢İƣǰʸⲻͬ
һͱڴϡ
ʲôӦطG˫۳ܣӸµ
һַǳΣյƣڵ˫ȴģʵ޷ֺ
ҪΪԼ⣬죬ȴ֪˵ЩʲôһҪߵ˺˵ȷʵ
طGһۣŵʣү֪Ϊʲô
ΪʲôȴԾɱġ
Ρ
²
ѾԸ뵱С̫౨ʱϵıжྫʡ
죬ԭ˵ģʵ˵ԺʮǴģӦˮǧֻȡһư㿴ɵ()
طGĿⲻĵĿһֱûƿȻǱҪһġ
β˻ſڣɣҵĺɣڸ㣿
ĸȰ˵ŻߣǲǵΪձ׽סˣﶨȻȻͲһˡ
˵꣬ＰϻһǰҪ
֪Խ侲ԽҪߵԶԶģԶǻӣҲѰ
ǺԭأģԶҲ޷ܵĶ
ýϣ˽Ϊ檡
ݣ㰲ģҲޣʱ޽ţҪԴ
ԼСԺʱпô

Ů˶ɦŪˣ࿴һۡ

ӶˣôĶĥ࣬ȴҪ˺ѣůԶԶģټ
ΪߣΪβԼܸʲô
ૣƮܵҪȴŲ¶֣Ҳϼ
طG۹ǶʹģҧгݵĸٿЦǽ֪үʲôأ
˵̲סѹѹֱӯĹͣͣ£ۣһһٵүģ
˵ǹЦݣ̸ڣ˵ǰ
ͷһʱҾ룬ôСӣ֫ϸұҲʲô
䣬񶼱Զ
طGСϸЩɫһϸ֫ЦſڣҵʱѰСԺƫԶΧһӣҲǶĹˡ
ӣΧѹֵ
֪¼ŵζ𣿡ͻȻԳԵЦѩ׵ָڴϣĿڣ㻨лӷ綼ϴ
ⲻ֮ĶԿйŴִײһѰŵ綯ϰŮǳսؼҹ꣬οסʱĴݲС
̧طGЦˣ֪𣿡
طGӣǱһߣɫӣǼıǼ⣬ܸܵ˵ʱǼ
ү֪
ūŲɽֵܲɽײɽĸײɽ
޿ɶԣ˿š
ֻһԷɾ͸ˡ
˵¼ţǡ
һ£ϸϸʵòȥһʱЩԶԣβῪڣ㽫иңܿסס
һɣɽ֮ģлӳ֮ⷽ⣬Ρ
סʺһ仰סһ񣬿ס̫һʾ⡣
仰ĵطG
סۣԸȥԼӲ𣺡Ǻب֮⣬ͬһɽ㺳ˣȻ
ˣ̧֣ףˣȻһʱ檣ֶδġ
ȢһׯµĸһѸ֮
ǵãӺĻ࣬Ҳ٣ͨ˵һǳŵ֡
ڸտʼʱ򣬱ϣüӣ֮С⣬۰
ǻ۶ԶҪӵʺҲԶʡġ
ۣܸܵ޲ɨ΢΢ɨϡ
˵Ļ侲
һž˷š
ҧҧЦ޹ˮǧɽ飬вУ
лҪ˵СȰȵģ󹾡
ģǡ

 60 

طG
Ӵı顣
βṴ𴽽, ЦˡҲߡ
ּٶ
ߵ, ûвģ, ΪǶ, Χ, Ĵ
һ, ƫǸ, ޿֡
ʲôֱүͷϸ£Ļش𣿡ĵİһ鷢, ĵ̧
, ղһ򣬼漸ּ, Լͷ
ӸտʼҾ˵ˣЦŲ, ɫˮⲨģ, ȴס
죬طG죬ȴ֪˵Щʲô
һתͻȻЦ, ΢үı
ЦѹѹڴϣñǼ䣬һĵĿڣүıɡ
ģǡ
ԶԣǱǼĺϽ˶㣬ȴȵķ֣ԷڱúܻᣬͶ䣬òҡ
ȡ̲סŤŤŤŤĿڣ𣿡
һֱѹϣǶȣʵЩס
طGЦЦĿǼͣĲϣҲǲġ
үƣ滰һ㡣˹˵һ䣬ѹѹŵʣԺܲܣ
ϽҡͷԺܲ˵϶ǹԹϴġ
Է⣬Ͻһ˵ܲܣĹ
һƬž
ڵŤŤ˲ԷЦ𣺡Ťӣһ

ԼϷˣӵг֤ݡ
΢΢Բ۾Ƶô΢ţطGսЩʣǣ
Ͻͣ޲ԶЩһ뿪׵˶ԷʲôʣܾЩڹ󲡽˲еԸ
ЩŵŲŲŲвþͶŶܲԼ͵͵ĳԿ
طGбһۣС鲽ɵǰת񣺡ү밲ү󰲡
ȵʱЦʣ֪үʲôԸ
֮ɵиɻͷγԱȡ
طG̲סüģֳС֣ڻϴĵİ
㡭ڣһʱȴЩãȻ֪˵Щʲô
򴺽˫ˮ˫鲻ȴߵĸƣƮôҲ䲻ʵȥ
ͷһţȴ
ү÷ˡ
ĸ˶һ
һǰͷߵδҪΣסӶǮƣΨˣ󲻵õζ
ѣ˿ɵ
طGȻҲС
ŻЩҡ˲ļᶨ
ϡͣ½ŲС鲽رɵ߹ü۲ɵЩ
տСԺĴţͼǺͷ˲ţĺţϡϻѩȵʱ䲻ˡ
үˡƵ밲һġ
ָ΢ʲôûЦƽͣһĸס
үԶδԶӭʵʧﱸ˱ƣ
˵ı΢УҲһСЦ
ţֻú棬ɤӣ˿һôôµЦЦɲȾƣˡ
˲ҭǺбűƣԭ˵ǰˣҲ֪ԼŮүʲôϵ
Էû˵ֻ˵ѰģõϢ˭Ҳ֦
˶طGĿУ΢΢üе˵ͷ
ܲܺȾƲҪЦĸ͵ȵСһ΢ůȴһƬ߰ɡ
үǰͷߣǸϽϣǰСĽ԰һУŴ֣ЦүǧѰ㣬ʵء
ſ֣ĵĻأ˿ˡ
üšһ˭ϸ֦ˣֲôƽﲻ˷ŵǰͷĵҲ֪ôģĿ˿ɲɡ
ߵҪʻǵԸ˵ģŲˡ
طGɫͣԭصȴǼĸʲôƵãɵͷ𣺡߿ЩүǵȵĵûصĶ
ɫһ䣬δ˵ͼطGЦЦĿڣүô磬үŮˣֵѵ
˵Ʈȴûһ˸Һӣϵ亹˲ˣֹ̿£סĿͷūˣүˡ
ӣʺϥΨһĺӣ֪һμ棬Ĵʲôǿ
һʱ㿪ˣŹѾͷߣǸĳ롣
үˡطGѧŷŴĵӣƵĿڡ
ʱ˶亹Ҳˡ
ֻȴû뵽ѾͷöԷ׷Ȼֲһ㡣                        
лҪ˵ѩľˡǱо

 61 

˻յǰ˵ʲô, Ͼʮ»̥µģҲһİ, Ȼúİš
طGߵĲ, ֻС鲽ںͷź, Ǹദ, ֱô, ôǰ, Ҳǵü˳Ŀɿɰ
˺üۣطGﲻʹ졣
Ĵͦ, ǣС΢, ﶼܡ
סԺӣ˵ı, ⼸գܿˡ
ۣǾ, ҵġ
ǻੲݣѰ˵һЩ, ѰĹŮʲô֣ûйעȰĿԼҷˣԲһ, ˭֪ҲһãȻ
Ѱ׵ĹŮ۵Ŀͷȥ治ɫĽ˵ֲҪ
⻰˵ģ̲סۣ֪ϣʵǸ˲Ű
ݺƤҲʵ̾Ϊֹ
ûסһЦЦſڣү߻˵Ц
һѪĿڣŮһǿģһʼûİףТĶ
εĿطGСŮ֪ߵغү
šü⣬һ˦ӿڣүŮʱڳɣĵ
Ļ֪٣Ǳ鵭ĮһȤӣɾѩ˵ģ治Ȥֺαرźӻ
ȴӦģȷʵطGͼüͷһôĵӣʲôҲʣ
ͷ͸¶ĻͶˣҪժ˼ǵʱЩܲˣǲ֪ϵժҲժˣòܺͻմϹϵá
үūϸǹأҪĻδڣطGƮƮĿڣүֻף˭үŮ˿£ϸ׾ףү߲ܣźȥ
ŷ֣춾Ȳɡ
׼ֶжô߳ΪԸԡ
ĿĿˣûŪףΪʲôԼĹŮͲǹŮ
Цүۻ軨Ůء
ԭѩھõ˲ֹ֪ʲôĸĸĶ˸ȥˣżææҹ
˭֪һ߽һ۾ƼмŵĹӣԷɫ䣬òǺСߵļؾͷžͲˡ
ϹŵˣЩ졣
Ȼ֪ΪʲôԥĹ˺ߣĬĿ¼չ
Ȼһֱϲѩڣ֣Ҳ̲ס̾һ
࣬лˡ룬ٷǳԲȥˣԭĸôǰҲȥ
ʥĸͷһμ˼طGı֣ͻȻޱʶȨ
ӡƮƮͬĺء
طGһۣϸĶһ۴еɺͲ⣬ɵЦ߰ɡ
ڴʱĸǹˣССӴŴĽϻģϵŻƴӣ±紵ţöñˣ棬رһקŶñССŻر𾢡
˿δĺӣΪĺӣδһҪĽ£ֱӵʸûС
Ǿǳ
ϻۣЩա
ǿӣҲֹסĺڣƴӰǧܣֻҪǻʼѪ˭Ҳ˵ͲǾ֮λá
ʱǾǻ׹ݣޡ
һУǸˣӲԸףôֻܾڲᡣ
ԼԻôȴӲıԼˡ
죬Ҫ˵ֿǳ̲סԹޣһֱ䵭ΪүԲŵİɡ
ѩڹڵϣƮƮֻССһأȴм׳һֱƮ
ԼδСףǺѲҵĴӣ˲ſ˫˭˲䣬ų⣬ҲΪ᲻
˭Էķһȣֱ֮
Ŀڶ³һţ˲ȥѩڹͣζӡ
ǺͷҲòȥ뿪ƵܣְѵݸƷˣоˬʲ
ûôϷŸطG˵һ룬ͱ÷Ҳûϣֱˡ
ôҪԵ⣬ٲˡ
һȥЩ⣬ɺبм䣬Զ޷ȥ
ɸñڷܶСֱһأЩ󷽱㣬ɨɨԼĿģСЦĿġ
͵˼ۣҲ̲סЦˣŪС֣Լڻһǰߡ
ţһ̧ͼطGɡɫĵָӰ޳ÿˡ
硣һЦɡᣬŽǰȥ
ԭû߳ȥԶûһͻصСԺһȥ͸ϽϷˣһЦԭŵһ˵ģЩªˡ
ôʺ˳ԡ
طGһ̲סЩª
ǶԼªʲô⣬һ۲ľһⶼûС
ôǵģԭЩ͵ɫֱ
಻ԣԸȥġ
ⲹģ粻˵أֱӰˡ
ȻطGﾡǺڳŭ𣬵ѹסû˵ʲô򴺽!
֪Ǻˡ

硣ίίͰ͵̧ССѾܶûгˡ
ء
طGһӻȴ֪˵ʲôֻݺݵššԺٶٶ⣬ʲôƳʲô
˵־ﲻˬЦ⣿ǣүԸ
ζôãǱ⣬ƫƫ齾棬΢΢̧򢣬б۷ɨ
ЩȷˣѲɣˡ
ȵϵʱ֪ôˣԶ۵ģǸѩ죬ȴȵĺ䤱ˣ۵ġ
𡣡
ѻѻ㷢ʪ͸һߣ˳ڶ˳ү˵Ȼܹġ
ܳ
ޱһ䣬˲ֻϸϸüͷһκ˫ա
˵ôû£Ŷţֱˡղܡ
Сʤ»
ú¶
Ъգһбſϣö
طGϸ޲СĽʪɣ£źԼ£ȽĿ
۽κ죬˫պ͸۽üҶ͸һ͸Ĵ顣
ǰͬˣӺ磬Сϸϸģĵǰ͹̣ȷ
ĵſǣɫ絶
طGһ죬§ı飬յߣʣԱô
ޱ룬Ȼ޳ܣʲô߻˵ĳǰǸһСӡ
ʱി鰡䣬Ӷܺ͸ˣС̹Ƶá
ţִսЩѹɤʣĴֱ۽뵳ˮ                        
лҪ˵ˣ۵¡

 62 

Ǹϲ, ܲס
ˡɫĻ, ˱˻ԡ
طGЦָ, һûж˵ʲô
˯ɡü, д޷ӵ, ɢģ, ôԼˡ
ȵı۾, ֻҪһк˵
ȵڶһ磬طGȥ, ͼ˶ЦȵĿڣү밲
˵Ϳ򴺽, ЦĿڣǴϲ, ѩˣ㲻ӦֽŶ֪, һ÷һ, ؼƽôࡣ
үҲǹˣɲСĵźš
΢΢ü⣬ƵĿ, Ҫ˸ѩء
ɫһȻǲɵģͷ۰ˣ⣬Щ׵ί
ɴɫ棬αӣЩſڣѩڴһƬģﻰⶼΪãܡ
ֻλε˵Ʋֿ̱ˡ
һΪϾҪˣپΪոǣ֪Ѷϣʮ»̥Ŀһ㶼١
ԸմϹϵҲȥԣȨˡ
㣬һ˿ʧüۿˣЦʣ֪ҽʲô
⻰һԭЩӲɫǴԭأ촽䶯Σ˵ǰѰĹʲôأǴδʹ
Ȼ˵ѩһΪңǱ˵ָףüĿ䡣
˲Ұ׵ɫ̲ס̾˿αأ
׷ˣǵùĲʹ졣
ѩڡֶ˳ЦǸúӣ֮ᣬ˵Ҳá
ѩڴɽѩﲻĵطȻᡣ
Ҿ֪ĸǰǿ࣬˸ǰˡڴһ䣬ͼ׽ɫѿˡ
ѩĺܿ죬ɵĹһԲ
˴˴ʾЩͼЦ֣ͶŽгϤĺӣ΢¶ЦǣУ㱸˲˲أѩڵһƬ⡣
Ĭһ˲ͻȻЩĲⶫˡ
ע޷˸ǰТģѩڲô˵۰ֲ٣˺ǿģԭǿϰٱ
طGֺ󣬶ԷҲûκʸľٶɼĶΪˡˡ
˸ĸйΪҲǿġ
ǶǾͲɡ
طGҲЩԣһ֪ûܣֻĬĬڴ
ơ
ЩĪȴǴСӣװҵĶԽͻȻͻʲô¶ûУȻó
Ůţֵƽأȴǰ裬˵Ļһǰ㣬
װһ˲䣬־̲ס˶٣ԣѣʵʵģԹˣõ֪һյǰյƮƮģʵ˾
ѽĵ
ŵĵ֣ԭأĿѩڣ˱ۣص׼ܣŪɳ׾ǵĹﲻ죬ˡ
ˡ̲Ŀڡ
飬ЩһʼԷûһֱǵģѩЩʱǰߣÿÿ˵ҪȥϻĹǷվͷۣ֮Ӳ
ü˼޵׵ĸƵãȴû˵仵
Сĺӣβۡ
ЩԣųķǷɥĴŴţǰүҲȥˡ
һ̾Ϣ˷عݣūŵӽ
ѩڽץȹڣյûˣֱֻĹţϵûС
˵Ķ˵ָףЦǰ㾡ˡ
رˣɫȻȫ򶨡
ˣһ䣬ͬΪŮˣʮ»̥ĿҸովжĸ̶²͵ǻծˡЦĹˡ
˵ʵɫ䣬͵ίڵء
Ĺˣ
Ŀǳ˿綼ˣڵĴվĹŮ
ԭزˣЦǽ̻һڣǵ׵ĶҲƫġԷֹ;ЩɺҲˣҧһڣҧȥǾʹޡ
⻰˵ЩأطGү˼һۡ
Źţ··ĹǽˣǱɥʽ¡Щ˶֪ôһ˵ģĸôɥ
طGȻĿôǰûж˵ʲô
ǲ߶˺򣬿ЩݣʲôŪ
ͷˣҲûҪǣԼ
ҹֲң㼱ʲôЦ
˭֪˸˵˵ЦЦĹ򣬾ͷͨһ𣺡ˣѩǧ򲻸ãﲻ
ѩڸտʼûʡζ߳ŵĹ򣬾ͷӦ˻ģʲô񣬱ȻҪһġ
ôˣĪˡ
Ͱ͵Ŷ
Բôһ
һ̲ס΢߽ңĿͷһٶûûһ򣬶һƬ
ɼʵ⣬˵ʵڻЩµģռԭԭĶΪˣܵס
ɫб䣬طG뵽Լȥ¶Ҳ㣬½СʮİǰͷܷʲôԸһײ
ڵ¶ȲռףҲռ
һƣɨˣ⣬˵ѾĶͣλߵͼѾЩͷˡ
ȥʢ˵°͡
ûʲô˶ܳ嵽ǰ
һһµĿͷʲôû˵תˡ
طGɫüĿƽյĻڣү
ӣطϡ
Щ̧Ҫġ
֮ǰһͨ˻û˵Ȼˡ
šĵӦ¡
طGı飬۾ΣյĿڣӰɡ
͵ؿԼȻǱǺˣ򢱻һ΢ָ𣬾ͼطG΢дűȴ޵ΣС
ţ͵͵׷ʡ
β΢΢ǴǶȻǽǣȴһı
һ£ССĿڣɡ
ڵģС࣬̾ǲ
طGչͣߣ޵ĺҲڱǼ䣬һǳΣյľ룬һΣƵá
ϤζһӵϣûȾζ
ɡ
š
ӣ̣ײףǸ׼Ȱˡ                        
лҪ˵öˣллҹģǡ

 63 

δ
طG΢΢ζ, ǵôۣȴֻһЦ, ԶЩ
ĺܺáûͷûβĿһ䣬, Ц˵ҵĹѾ, ݾͺܺòˡ
ҲǸݷŵ, ͻȻС
, ĵոǲ, ǻأֻҪܹߣʲôǿ
˰, ûеȵеǣôһ, ʱЩ裬յڽһ, ɽңұɽ
طG§סһǡ
˫, κ죬ŷŹ
žбſ, ϸϸ㣬⵽׸ô㣬˳Ȣ
ǣ̫, ⸸ĸֲˣѹڵոĿǷΧڣ˵յݣѰӣҲǲɵġ
ôҪһʵݣ̫ߣ̫ߵĻҶʶƾðһ˭Ҳţֳɵİѱ׽
Ҳɣ˻ʰ겻ͬģغŻʼ棬ô׵ġ
̲סüģŪ
һۣû
ιȥԷԾû˵ǳĮĳ
ˣˡ
硣
Ļ
طG˲񣬶ⶶ˶ȴԾûл뿴ʲôС
~
գỽһ
طG˿ʵļⶼ޲ֱӽ§Ľѵһ
~~һ߽ˣǾ
طGվǶˣԸԳĴꡣ
ţ໵Ŀǽһԣһ飬ֱƿİɣȾܡ
ûĻⶨȻǿˡ
طGӲĿԼյĻֿһʧС̲סָͷһΣʵʵƿԥ
ת۵Ĺ򣬴ͱЦǽ۽ǻᣬСȴֵźˣЦĿֿ֡
¶ɫ۾ҲеһȻ䵽ﻳ͸˼ˡ
㿪ģɲطGСĴ˴ཱུգС졣
ŶСӣˣ˻ˡ
౧ȥˣطGЦĿڡ
ǰһǣǼãҾͱȥ档
طGһҭ˵ɲΪС״ǰʧġ
ʱͿʼܵˡһתʼ˵ˡ
Щԥ⾩ȻҲǲȥġ
ǷЩ𣬻ȫѹȥطGƵĿڡ
ʱһ㶣ߵʱֱӰȨתطGȻӪ˵ڿ쵹ˡ
ת壬һССǷֵ
ҲšƲƲ죬ɵĿطGΪ˱һȥڰɡ
ȴطGصͷһ˵Ц˼ûС
ʱЦˣǷ˵Ѫ
ءֵıھߡ
طG
ҪԼеʲôоˣôˣȲһǷ
ͼһСѾ߿޿ĳߣСѾͨһǰȻ޵ʣȴ￪ǧﲻүҪɱסֵ
ٽ¶˵ˣСѾּŻŵȥ
šü⣬ʢӦð˰ײǣôĲӡ
ͼʢҲЩ£˲Ŀã֪׷һ˰ˡ
ȥ¸ˡȥ
ʢͷȥˣ²Ҳ˵ĺһĶûС
ʱֳȷʵֵĺף˴żҶʹֵ˶ţҸ͹м䣬ޱϲ
ǸϽӭЦģѾͷȻǲˡ
ʢһĿڣͷҸ񣬶Է⻰ԾûʲôӦĹţĿã
ȴӲҪѩڵʹʬ̤ȥѩڣССһӣͱۣȹҹҹžҹο塣
Խ˵üԽĳʢ˵ͷ׾һȹȥʧķˣѾͷֲŮΪŮģǺαء
Ҫ£ŮүٻǰֻҪɱѩڣһжֿɵá
ʢգ̲סššü⣬¼ķչ֪ǰȴ档
˼ǣˣķɥһ۹ŵˣƵ𣿡
ԭ׵ģʢ־Լˡ
Ѿͷȸռ𯳲ԭͲɱҲˡ֮Ůʲôǿ
ʢɫһ䣺˵ʲôūŵհǡ
Ѿ͵Ĺˣƫ˸˻һ
ףϽѩڣһûûҪء˵ĸʲôƵãĿһһɢʱȾһЩվס
ѩȴ˿Լ˫֡
˫֣﷭ΪƸΪ꣬˭Ҳκβ
Դǹ󣬱ʲôˡ
ĻӣжָʹӶķҲģԭΪôԵġ
ڲ֪ԭøϼƽϵ˼
ҪץסڶԷ˵ĸʲôƵá
˵Ҫᣬմһǰ㡣
ԸԼҲҪɾ
һδžžિʼµ
ôһ̣Ϊˡ
µͷȴ΢΢𣬲ô˵Щɵŵĳ롣
ҪԷʮ˲˿֮ġ
ģ뵽ƽն۰뵽źԥҪɱӣͻȻЩȷˣҪסĸĸֵֵá
ʢ˵鶼ͻȻùµһ壬ʵ
Ѵܺ˵İ죬ĪҪ١ѩתһȦ֦ˡ
ǵͷ絷⣬ү˵ʲôʲôˡ
ʢתȥ룬ǰСͽ£һߵвСӵܳʲôһǡ
С̫ЦģźûƢ
ȵȥʱ򣬴С棬ѽѽЦϣʢСŷ¶ˣŹȥ
⡭̫ˡطGĵ
ƣЦǵСָʾĸȥһߵͷסʱ䲻ˡ
˵ÿ˶͸Ҳˡ
˵ʲôʲô֪
֪˻ţүΪԼȨƣɱҲŹѩڡ
ֺΪֺɣҲŹġ
ѩﲻ׵İҪɱԼºù𣿡һȻû˿ġ
طGһ׵ģȻҲףįСЩˡ
ūŰˣϲţ㲻ϲ㾡أ¶

⻰е
⣬ǲס
طGЦүүĽǲɡ                        
лҪ˵衤ġү㡣

 64 

ô˵, οƵЦ
ɵ, ǳЦ˵ǲأ
طG˳ķ˿, Ŀ, ү
ʲôײ׵, ù, ˵Ʋ, δйΪѵʱ
ô˴ε˵ȸռ𯳲ĸߣ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ȿȡ첻ڵĿ˿, ֣һټ֮, úܻᣬ򵥵Ļ, öҡ
˴ʵţûж˵ʲô
طGů䣬γĶԱȡ
, ôŰɡ, üͣҹûˡ
ô˵طG֪֮Ůͷ, ã
ԥĵͷЦͣ־ЩΡ

ݲ̰ĽȨ󣬼͵ĵطܵĵط޲̰ĽٵŮˣֻҪϻӵͷܵõ۵
ѽ
űЦδ˵ʲôͼ̫̫ԺѾ롣
ȥƣʢϡطGüǴСϵġ
ЦԸ̫̫ǱȽоģԷ飬ְװͿжǡ
ȵ̫̫ԺͼˡˡѩڲŹţü۵Ĳ˵
ѽĸ˵˵ô£˵Ĵ飬תԼӵʱ⼸Ϳ˵á
˵ãʵ˵̫ˡ
ǿɱѩڻãʼҵĹϵڣòֻҪʼմߣ޾ı
ǰ¸ʲôˣҵչᣬǶϵĸɾףѪԵˣ̡
̫̫ϸϸٽͽ͡üĿٿЦ²顣
̫̫ҭĹǺҲ֪أɵúڵûкĶԴָҲÿ˵
ѽ׵ġ̫̫Ҳˣ۾ҲˣҲܹˡ
̼ǵõһμ˵˫ײˣ̫̫˵õӡ
ҹյΪá̫̫ĻӶûи
̫̫Ҫ˵ͼʢɤӣĿڣ ʱˣˡ
ʲôߣϹġ
Цǡ
ˣû̫֣ǲٶ˵תˡ
ȥıӰ̫̫ͷ͵һʵ˵סͷôû˿ԹԣԭΪСѾͷ
ţгǸƽһһϦ
پĵ̣Ҫ࣬ѩڱʹӵ£˲֪֪ģһֱûţѩڳ
úõĵճɸģ˭ܽܡ
ԽǲѩھԽ䱾ҲԽôһһŵĹʵŲ鹣ȻҲû
ѩͲͬˣıǿĲ
֪ⲻĲ
Ժ󣬶˵㷭ƪˣԭͲںһԸ
ռԭǷǶԴ޷˵һ
ȻصСԺʱƼ˾ȵһĻ
طGģıǣüͣĴĴ۾СסһָͷҲĶ
˲䴥˴е
ɡỽһҲǰСһཱུСЦ̧طGû˵̫̫ʲô£طG֪ȻǾᡣ
ҲûʣʰֻױһʰԵĶҪˡ
ϸأطGʡ
ҲϡǹõĶ˼ﲻãóȥǸ˵ġ
Ц¹ڣܲǿյġ
˵طGɫԵͷɣã˵ҹˣүûǷĶȥǲɡ
ܻһµݣҪҲա
һʱûеԵʣطGϸϸãףô޹أǷǲҪ
үġ
һӵĻˣ룬žͲŰɣҲν
ԡüĽƵӡһǣطGü߰ɡ
طһ̶
ɹԹԵͷɫȥ
ѲɻԼСԺǾͺˡ
˭֪طGЦЦĿؾ
ΪʱæʲôȥˣΪŸһңϹڸϵûʱ˯˭֪飬գС̫˵Ѱˡ
Ĵˣĸˣȷ˵ġ
һûңЩִ٣ȥˣסԼүĸӭȥطGĵĿڡ
һʱסݣαӭȥ
̫ѡ
˵߾ˣߣūʰӣպһֱ߲ţҲ⣬ֱӳžˡ
ã̫̫ŻǲþҪҪѩڸϳȥһʱСѾһԿտҲԺӣʱˡ
ȥϽѾˣԺӶˡ
Ǵ£ǼĸʲôƵãϽС̫࣬ͼԷһЦ˲ż˵׼û
ұĲ°첻ɣһж˵
ͷСүǰԼ䣬ʵмϴЦ̬Ȼͽᣬ˵ĻҲˡ
С̫ʱЦˣûţǹ
ôһ˵ǵʱඥһֱĲʸУҵ˳ڡ
Ǳٴˡ̾һУһ㶼ûϡ
С̫ԭͲΪùģԹ׻ʱ򣬼Ǿ¶ǣ͵ԼͿˣʲô˵
ǲ֪үжǽи˳үû£Ҫ˹ӣǾͲˡֵ˵ţһҺˣʲô֪ӡ
ǶʱЩ£ƵŮ·αţҲѳ
С̫ϵЦͣôϸλģ˻ëܲܺˡ
Ӳѳ£عˡ˵С̫ϵЦЩһӣȣ
ɻԽС̫˵Խ£вѳŮˡ
С̫һſԼˣû취ʵ޷ͨͷ벻˹ﲻǸˣ⻹ô˵
žͻȻһգһ䣺Ӵºӣ˯ȥˡ
ﻹžѣС̫ĶܣﰡѽֱԼƷˡ
أܣ̫̫֪˶˵һֱĴȣֽ֪Ӧðˡ
ָͷѩЦССͣļթ
ѩһףײò˵ܾǹûж˿ԣļˣȴһû
ļթ
ǹô˵Ҳˣɶ̡꣬ܵТ˳
֮ǰǹǸЦǹͨ͸ǸЦˡ                        
лҪ˵ƪˡ

 65 

ո¹ѩ, ·;Ţ
ıӣò˵, طGкôģٹ˺СõĶһ
Ϊֵλ, õ̼
ͷװŵ, Ϻõľ̿, û, , ʱʱ̿üˡ
ȥü죿еʡ
ʱ˫ӣһҡ, ʮ졣
·ߣűʵ, һΣȵʱ˾Ͳˡ, Щǵ˵
ȷʵ·ϾЩЩ
Ĳͷ, ϴ멾ԼߣطG, ҲЦĲˣ
ƨۡչ
үࡣҲսˣ˵
̵ͦϻطGһĸֶ, ģô¡
պ͸˵Щ
̫ɽ~~Ÿͣһ񶼲ƮڣȻô˵ģͷҪάԼׯ
طGЦɺ˫գײ˿ɫϽǰ档
һǰһߣһ仰û˵ȴүֱûۿҲûмޣûôгģ㲻ԲҲһԵڡ
Ե˶ǶƵá
һЩۣϽֻϡ
·ͨ·ȻͬҪץأȻ
û˵Ƿô᲻ˣڵʱ⾩ϵ˼ңԵĶǷ
طGЦЦĿһۣβ˭˵ˣ˹Ŀڣ̫㣬еģʽѾӪˡ
ʵĿǰʦֻôûкõƷƳڵʱ𱬣ȷʵǰ
ͷĽҰ룬͵磬ذ׵ѩͷһ޼ʡ
һƬããм
ͷĻƮ
ƭˡ
ƭˡ
ǸС꣬ôͻ治ɫƭˡ
˵һ䣬ȴ֪˵ʲôֻСС죺Ҫƭ
طGĿǳһĿڣү˵ǲص龰ƭ㡣
Ҫô˵˵ʲôҲ֪ʲôʱûޡ
һ·ѽѽţǱԹطGڳĿͿ˫ӣۣ
ζĴһ䡣
Ӳǣڻ֮ĺÿ£èԣһ۾˯
ʱ򣬹ɵĲˣ۾ˮĿЦ¸µһطG˲ίĲ񻰣͸СһҲҿޣҲ֡
ίͰ͵ĿطGһҲû֮ǰĿľ
طGüģûжҲûж
ôСĺӣԹǶԷѹŴ۾ֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
Ҫ㻹ûüͷ͸ұޡ
Ҷûޡ
Ȼöﱧƫƫǰ꣬ӲֱҪѡ
طGĿСһֱ˱죬СһţȻǴһӰĴʱˣѧŴӣŵĶˡ
ͷСֿι״ʵЩˡ
໡վǿˡ
طGޱ롣
Ȼͼ˲˫ۣеĿǣɺɵˡ
СʱɹˣŸʲôʲôһ㶼ޣҲ֡ŶѽôѸˡ
طGĥ˵ǣ󲻵ֵǸʲôӣˣҲɰˣС˵ģ۾ˮģһ߸ɺһɫ
۵ıЦѽҵĹԱѽ
һŶӣֹͣɺ¶һ޳ݵЦݣཱུЦƵģ۶Ƶá
һˡ̲סЦ˵ıǼ⣬ЦĿɰطGĿҲתͷͷһǡ
˭֪ǿι״ˣ⿴죬໵һֿˡ
طG

طGЩ̿Сʱôˡ
ûɡЩȷĻأϡĿ˭֪ôͻȻˣƼޣʲô¡
ֱӰѺһţЦһԿ֣ɡ
۵Сۡ
ǾĶ˿ˣһͻĶΪʲôͻȻûˡ
ֺ̽
ûá
໡
ûá
֪֮̽ι״ˣǲˣʱЩˣԼСŽſ˼ڣ˲ʲôˡ
󡣡㡣
طGźѣŬţ۵Сͨ죬ɼֲиɵЦףü۶Щ
³е㣿ЩȷĿڡ
ճȣôиˣѩɰСģ˲룬ʱǷҲģ                        
лҪ˵ˣ䡣Ͻȥɣըơƿ

 66 

ϸϸԼʱģ, ϧʱ˯˳Գ˯û, һ㶼ǵˡ
ԼĪҲɰͷô˵, ԼͶˡ
ʵȷʵøе, ЩطG, ˵˭, Ҳ˵õ, ֻ˵Ǹĸ˵Ӱ
ɰطG򴽣ϸĴβϿɵĵͷɰ
ĬĬǰһ, µתװûôµ, ȴĺ˶
ȡڵɤӣΪԼ¶е
, ֮ͥ£ʲôƫƫģˮ, ʵûʲô
ֻһڣϴͥڣطGһı粵
ô˵, Ҳûġ
뾩ԽԽֽһֱĵطƫһһ̤˽
ɡૻһ, ڶԷʱô˵˵Էô
Ļʲڡ
طGûб⣬˼һʱžֱϤСԺ
ԺӣһһľϤᡣ
ʱ˹ɨʡ
طGͷǽһˣūǱ㲻˿и
Ұס£Ƿ˲үôһ仰ҴȥΪһӣʧôãѾǼˡ
ȴ֪һ߾һ¡
򿪴Ŀذףջɵģһȥʱ⣬յ֪УһҪȥתתģֻˡ
һǷǶྭꡣ
Ǻòװ٣ĸ䣬ûбЯӸů͵ˣһְٸˡ
ⶫֽŶסˣҪԽŽţŬŬܳԵһ޶ûС
޵ĿռֽţĶùˣСߵɢҲûԸеСŽš
ʱļˣſ໣ȴԼҶչʱϣ
˭֪һڣתͰòڿָʵˡ
ǣۡ
ײŶɹԼˣ۾˯İݡ
Сһ˯ţǸСʹһôġ
ſ˰ΣźЦƿߣȵǷ˲һ˶ˡ
ССֲͬطG¸λ˼άǷչ£ÿһһǷӣúջ
ţֱˣûκ谭
ûȻǿĵģôӣʵĻס
ǷǼչȥطGûӰ
ЩѲ̫æµϾ˼
˭֪չɹ̫ͿһϤӰ
һ̣ᵽʧĿġ
~ĵıȥֱֽҽסŵĲӣɵˡ
ʢһʱ֪ǸۣǸС΢ϣ˴㵵顣
طGҲЩģסǽģǻϲɵùЦүˣ
ʡ
æͷıҪͷΧھӾԻˣһţ˶أÿÿܷ֡
ϸϸ۲֪Ǹ軵ģճ˴Χˡ
Էһ˼ûУôλεĴϣ̽ʱﶼˡ
軵
ޱֲء
~ôãɲǼɣһĶˡ
طGܵ飬ƣϣԳ
ѽյߵૣӣһ
Ƕһڣշ죬ŵЦŷſһ죬ֱӽ§žȥ
ѽ𡣡ʧССȰյġ
̶̼֣Ϣеࡣ
طG˶٣ޱĶǽĴˮ˫үоˣ
ûиٳ
Ҳ˽̧ɵۺΣյӣڷһתޱԼѳֲס
ҿǸС
طGֽһӣ׽˽ۣ̿˹ؿڣүˡ
ѹ
ǷǳϤΣյģڿʱ
Ԥиոڣͼѹѹİסʣճ˴˵ܣ
СԲģʱǽиĲڣ۶ֱ˾ãⱲӾˡ
뿪϶͸ɳһת۾ͳɿա
ڳͷΣվͿҪһ飬ɻش𣺡ҲˣҲˣء
ŶطGƮƮӦˡ

գƹˤСһţͰȰȿˡ
Ҿ㲻⣬ܳüʱҽӸ
˵˵ţ;ñ
󲻹һһһ˫ˣָˣβ뿪
طGĿڳ߶߶˵Żͷûһġ
˵ˡ
ͲдˣԽ˵ԽҪ˵˵ڣ㲻׵ǣβڽ
ôùӣǵֵķֱ˺Ƥųɡ
طG޿̣סੲݵĴ꣬δŹδᣬֱ̡
ˡ
˶ã˵ǸɲһһͲʰ
ԱĴϣطGŶ
ûԣֵ춼ˡ
طGᾡȥɫֺͻ࣬Ҳգ˹شѣָ£ϲˡ
ɵһ۵ʱɵԲڡģ
طGһϵļ˼Զ
סֻ¶һ˫ˮٵ˫κ˫ȫڽ֮¡
룬ں󹬣ȻǸľ糯֡
طGֱͦļ־Լˣ⸹ڳɶȣղ˵ˡ
ε顣
ޱ²ۡ
²۶ת죬վûס¶һֺõЦ
¡
ӡ
طGʢū룬ϰķˣƼһ˲䣬ӹһװĸԶĴ
Ҳǣˣˡ
ûסֻЦطG۷ɨʱ˲
¡
ӡ
ɵãʳûסٵĳ
ʵθɹο˲ָյŶȣľɻ᣺˵ĻҪ˵ġ
޷ӱܣ˵˵Ͳˡ
ûû飬һ̣ڹ͵ס
طGĿͷѩ䲻ȴãĻů١
үѾˡ
ƽƽļ֣־ϣһֱ⣬֪ʱѾˡ
΢ŵĽҲͣ
ԺΪˣԡطGǰסۣڡ
ޱԼںԼ
˵Сޣûа취һ磬Ͳôˡ                        
лҪ˵ѩˣоָͷۣӡ

 67 

ν, ʡ
طGڴǰγƵĹ, Եм͡
ھĬУϸϸƻľ, è̫ӡ
, 
Ĭ, βŻ˵мһ, ʹá
ѡһ, ͹ȥ㰴˸Ҳûá
ǲݻ, ˵ˣǶ˾Ƶ, ˼Ҹǰһˣʲô׶͸ˡ
طG쿴, ͷⶼ֪ͻȻһֱΪ⣬׷Ÿ, ֪ˣѡϸڶ, û˼ôһ
š⣬û˵ʷ֪, һ˵©Ǻá
§ȵĻЩµ̧ͼطG𴽽ǣɡ
οһֱǱŵģȻûжƤմˮʰһ٣رţܣһֱš
ǼŮĵʥּǡЦףв⣬ϸ˵֪͵͵⡣
ѡϼȻò޿ָժҲǼõģҪȻҲΪӸĺѡˣϧ˶񼲣ճ˴ˡ
ȥӴм˶£սϲ˵ġ
ȥ㣬ȥլˡطGЦŴսСĴޱǡ
ȷպþָ
طG΢΢̧̧򢣬үһڣ͸㡣
ౡԥ
ҲҪ
ౡ
߶Ҫ
ౡ
Ŀ¶׹⣬ȻЩͷطGӣЦȻѭʥּҵˡ
ʱһ˼ҹʲôʱ򣬾;ñŤΪʲôúõĹͻȻͶˣôɵ£Ϊ
طG˹ָ⣬ʵ޸ү
ýƸʮױ
Щڴϣѩ׵ıҧҧ̺Ĵ꣬˵ڵĻȴ飺ԭ⣬ҪñĹһ
飬˵ȻҲ
طGβӣŸøվɢˡ
ӣʾԼüʣ㵽ڱŤʲôΪʲôүôִ
ǵĵִףҪ쳤ؾãҪĲһ̰
˵߾ߣ˿֮ɫ
ڣԷעص㣬Ҳ֮ǰ˵Щ鷳Ŀա
Ŀɬɬģһʱ̲ססؿڣ˫ȭɿתȥ
ôһʣ˲ЩãȻڱŤʲôطG֮بٶʱ⣬ڱŤʲôЩ˵˵ڣΪû˻⡣
ûбŤֻҪģˡƽֵĿڡ
طG⻰뵽Լһʾ֭Ҫأֵλǰ¸ˣڣδйΪѵʱ
˼ǹأ˺üӴϿյ硣
ȲѰ飬ǴҪԶ
ү֮λˣ֪үˡطGüɵĿʺ󣿡
⵹Ҳˣ̫ӵĺԺȷʵԺпһЩ
һҭʱЦãҪһһһ˫ˣⱲӣͬͬףˣҲСһһٵ˵š
Ϊ
ⲻʱ⣬ˣа
йµĿʼǾģֽ顣
ϸһ¿࣬Ȼһ
۵Ƥ£ͬݹǣò
طGĿβ̾һϣ̳񣬰βŻ̺ĴǴΣ΢΢Ĵǣվûסշתʡ
ѽۣ̾ſڣģү
￪ĻôҲһ࣬˭һµģ
˵δڣֱסˡ
ֻ׵һϲصǵͳдԵ𣺡үߵŮˣ˫ʮֹ֮
Բ۾һ۲ģɷԣطG˹үһûֻò䣬ûס㵱ү㣬ʲô
û˵װ͸¶˼
طGüģĬԼѡˣһˣĪҪƽϣ裬ֿڣүˣ˶㺽޽͡
ˣ˵Щɬԣޱӿͦô£ƫƫӺ͸˵Ҳ̵ġ
ͷ
طGգүϵ㣬ŮһΣ
ڻʳͷ󣬶ԼȨĺͨ͸Ůһ飬ǼֵȻûи˭ûˣƫûУ˵ëû룬ûϡ
˭û뵽⿪ˣӶˣǶ硣
뵽طGЩԺ                        
лҪ˵ˡֱԣһܡ
ģǺǣܡ

 68 

Ŷ̵Ӧһ
طG, ˵ô࣬ԷԾβ, ʱЩ꣬ԭⲽ, Ŀڻǿɢ, 򴺽ĵ˫, ̲סȭͷ
ô
طGɿȭͷ, ӦҲ, ӦҲãӸǽˡ
ǿȡҲ, ľͺá
Ȼ̧ͷطG˵˫, ЦЦһ, ЦڣӦ˰
ᣬԷԸΪһ, Ը˴һᡣ
طG˴䵭Ŷ, ͷһξԼԹɫĹ򻹲ҡ
˼ţǵЦݵͲסһõĻȡ
ȡڵɤӣȥ, ĪһɬУ죬ȴ֪˵ʲôʥּ׾͸ˣ궬վ͸óɻˡ
ԭɳɻ飬ûиоģһûмŮˣҪӸĸǶ˸µİˡ
뵽Ҫʹףͷðõ
طGЦĿԾޱ飬ϵЦҲˣʣôˣ
ѵ޸ģ
һʱ²׷ףѵа¹⣬ȴãֻܸһԾɻ飬Ҳ˿ϲɫ
ĥĥſڴϣ㵽ﻹЩˬ϶ݺݿһڣŮӳɻ飬һģӮ˻˵Ƕˣҽȥˡ
濴طGʣ𣿡
طGһʱסδǹŮ˵ɻ鵽ζʲôͬඥﳹס
׻˵֢ҩֻҪ֪֢ڣͺҩˡ
ȷŻҪģطGֱЦˣһ§үЩðôķգɲΪġ
Ǳҿˣһ۾֮ٲ˵ġ
үĺγǶġ
Ц
ΪԸġ
򴽣ҲЦͽ
˵£˵˱ˣ磬ųɻ飬ô졣
ôطGЦֱӾͷ¡
ˣͷ£˲֪ǻǰġʱҪͱѡ
طGΪӼ¡
ô˵Ӿˣһֻ۱߸
»Щ뺺ϰˣⷽ滹עЩټϵעغѧΪ纺ںϰںϡ
ʮǰ̫ʱڣͷѸʵ٣ü󸣽ֵǼ̳ġ
Ҳ١
ҪӣͲҪӡطGĨһ򴺽һֱַӹ
Ȼ֪طGԾЩԸͣүԸ⡣
˵˵䣬׵ĺӣá
һۣˣغһң֪˼ҹͷϰô
طGҲЦˣʧȥݶ˵ɱһ㲻Ļضˡ
ʵ̫еϵ˵£Ȼ벻˻ʼңطGӣȷʵ¡
ôǲ˭ȹǼӣֻҪ㹻Ǹ֮λǰ϶һʡ
⻰˳طGЦˣʲôˡ
ܣֱһڣСС죺ǲɣ˾͵á
طGƮƮбһۣûˡ
Դν׽֮ƹˤһ㶼ԼҪ˼ˡ
طG§ˣүġ
Զԣβֵ᲻ãô
š
᲻á
Ź֡
ޱ롣
ԽǲģƽѾˣԲŻܡ
ôĴָ̺Ĵ꣬طG𵥱ߴǣֻүġ
⣬ʵ㲻ϸ壬ĥڽ۵Ĵϣ΢΢Ĵ̡
ֲ񫣬طGֱ
۾֪ʱܾ֮ǰ˵һ޸ĳˣǶȻǰԷǡ
޸طGڰԼԷϡ
ơ޷죬ʵ򴦴κ⣬££ϴ
Īѽɡ
ǸطG§Щġ
һ꣬ûţһֱŬиĻȨܹԼһЩ顣
үطGףתˡ
˵ɣһȴû˵ЩıŪտԣŪʰ겻ɡ
üıӰһֲԤС
طGֱ֮Ӿͽˡ
Ǭ幬һׯ¡
۴ųеķ밲ӣ鲻üۼ価͡
طGŹȤ⺢ӣЩӳ٣ʵʡġ
ȼˣ˿ùβΣ𻰣һʱͦгġ
лҲطG˵ʲô۾ʣˣӳˣԼҪĶԼС˼ˡ
طGһ۽ǣڵϣȢϣʰ׼
һЦˣӴϱˣɻˡǰͷҲϴѾɻˣ̫ӺڵأôͻȻܳҪɻ顣
طG죬ԻʰĴȤһࡣ
ϵЦҲˣеϣŹڵԼֱͦģһʱͷ
ȴԷ˰ݣڣ񼲣˵üһǡ
طGټ죬ȴ˵ˡ
ϵǰͳ֮Ůһǣ縡ƼƮ㡭طGſһĿ⣬ǵ亹ˡ
Ρʡ
üĿŭۣˮ
طGڵϣſڵأ˵ɻ£˵Լ
ӣ룬ǵ꣬ʰ궥أΪǳһƬ죬Ȳ㣬˰ȣŻʰܶమһ㣬ǵòʹȰĿ⣬Ѱ޲ǡ
¶һѾı飬ˣ뱧
ɫطG˵֪ĸţҲʰһ䣬ǳһƬ졣
ЩȻǲԴ򶯿ģЩŮ鳤ĵʱУѱĴ
طGͼذ
ţ֮ӭȢϡ亹վ˵ˡ
顣յص̶ˡ
Ц͵ƻľŮӵǸбµģޣ
طG˵ʲô˻֣ͷϳȥʮ
ŹһͨһڵϣҲģֻĹţ۽⿴İųȥͷĲС
ЦˣСӡ
Ǭ幬ְصȼ콵Ļȡ
յŮ
УĬĬ㣬յ鲼£ԽϾӶ࣬ԭһ˵Ŧ˭֪ˣɺɵˣ˭ûɹܹڶ̶ʱڣȡô
Щϵݱ㲻ʲô
˵ϻŰ¾޼ҵѪһ˭ҲȲϵġ                        
лҪ˵ģۡ

 69 


, ݱòˣҲ֪, ͵
ŹСɫβŵİû, ӽʵʵĴϡ
һ, ʲôû˵, űĿ
֪, ûһ, ͻ˹ˡ
Ȼûһ򣬻ʺʩʩȻ߹, Ŀǹؾص밲, ЦʣСǳʲô¶ˣ
ϡ棬⺢, ֵʱԸѾˣˣĸ, ʵı䲻ʲô, Ҳͦ˼ġ
жŲյôһ˵ҲЦҪȢŮΪˡ
Щ, СӾǸС΢ģͻȻˡ
١һΪŮˣ⻹Ǹεô绨Ĵ˰ڵǰƶһۡ
ϡ棬١ϵ˵°ͣɺ֪飿
ͷ֪
ǹĴ棬ѾעˣϾʱͬգǵһһƿ֮¡
ĵճ˴
ʺеģһ㵣֮ɫûС
һÿеĲյ̲ס̾ⶼʲô£ӣøεĽ
˭֪ô󵨵£˲֪˵ʲôá
ж︣ôʲôһο١һ𻨸⣬ĶǱͷĺóԡ
ӣ;Կۣεķ̵ס
Ӳ̲ܽɣɲš
˻ûüͳһڹʮѾˣطGҧһһŲڵأһһٵĿڣȢϣʰ׼
ūû֣һһƨϣҲô׳ܵģֽϵ亹͸ˣŸСƵá
طGֱʱĿʶ񣬽űһԲһöԷ˼ûС
ʺ﹣һⶼʲô£òڻṰײˣôŰײˡ
ûˣﰡʺޱ롣
̲סֶյеĴ룬ĬĬȰԼΨһһ̳ߣңһֵ
޲׼
Цſµģӣǳסһ·̫ӣҲûˣֹû˵
ҲǺһƬԿ޾Ӷࡣ
һʵۡ
򵥵ĸ֣Ҳ
طGְȥ
ʺĵط˿һۣò˵Щ۵ģӶʰˣ˭ܵס
ޱ飬룬ʺˣС
ȥɡ˰֡
β㣬βӡ
طGĬĿͷͷһԲ
һҭôҲβˡ
Żʺ񣬿ӣε㵹Ǹ˵˵ﲻǵϣ
˷ԼҲݲӵ˵
طG۵ǰһƬģȴҧźأ˿֪ǡ
е£˵ͻˡ
ĽζʺȴĲɣγŵסͼطGĹͨһڵϡ
ˡ
ģʺŵûʧɫϽȥͼ촽ˣһۿϽҽ
ͲŻϣưѺڳʲôˡ

 70 

ɹ̫, Ƶľˣܾûȱơ
ϲ, ̫ɹۣҲŬĵɴ˫, 硣

ཱུСָϷɹС, ĵĸʲôƵá
ͷ, Լཱུ첲, װԼҲһֻ, ͼ
ǺͻȻһüϽǷ, ؿڣЩĵ, ʷϱΪǧһۣİȳ², ù
һ̾ϢཱུСĵǵ׸ǲס
ȴʶζ, СͰģرġ
һ, ˣʵʵһѣ˯ˡ
Ҳ̲סЦ, СһĲ˵ǿֲ
֨ѽԺſˡ
ȥͼϧ֮ŴСһ˷ҲûУǻˡ
ЩʲôǽĸҪȥͱϧֹ֮ˣơ
˵Ϊ˱ӣں֮ǰڿ⸮ʱѾףܺĹ֮Ľʲô󶼲ʲô¡
ССĺӣŵû˫գɿˡ
ϧ֮˽ԭأָһǣϵζСʣ𣿡
֮ǰͷϰã˵ģģСš
Ķ̲סЦˣԶԶԣġ
ӹȥҪǲ۵ĸ첲ۣ䡣
ȻûһǼ忡Ӹ𱡺죬βҧأ
Ȼصģڲĸ£ոջطĹͿʮˣ˶һֳֿ
ϧ֮ˣȻһУˡ磬ôӣԾɵģʲô׵ġ
ɼˣҧš
ûãĸæĶ࣬ҾһšҲģĸʰιıģűһ
ǼִŮԺ庢ӵģ¶һΪźûŹûӡ
ǺˣʱԲϡ
ڵ緹ͷһ࣬˾Ϳĺһڡ
ڲ֪ҪҸ٣ʹģҲʮ»̥ˣʱʱ̸̿ռӴBUFFᴩڡ
ӽ಻ģҲνˡЦŻء
ϧ֮ϸϸĴţ͵һǲȣÿĺӣ̲ס룬ʹкӣǲҲѩɰ
ֺֻһۣܻ
ѽϧ֮һĨЦӻͳһЩɵĳǴϴģ͸ˣҹһˣĳѽ
ǰδеᣬ̲סһۣĿ⡣
ллˡЦδü˵ʲôϧ֮ϸףҲһɡ

ɺһ۹ϧ֮ͷʣ㲻֪ɵݣ
ֻˣһ˭ôһףⲻô
ϧ֮΢գգۣ￩һ˵ɡ
˸ģӹ¥ĵؽ磬ǰ̫ᣬ֪ġ
ԣ֪ģһֱš
ӣϧ֮૳
ͷ򴺽ĵ˫Ҳ֪ģͻȻ˵ˣֲȢ㣬ףʲôϵ
⻰˵ıӣҿ
Ϊסģ֪Լϣеĺڰӿ޲ܹ֮
գҪĸȢģŹϧ֮ͬһôҲ˵ڣϣҲûκΰ취
˸ףҾʦɡ
ؾʦܵռһ˵һΪʦΪǶȣҲôԽܡ
ͷ̤ȥĵıӰԵøС
鲻֪һ૳Щףһĸо
ĳ־ֵĺܣһǻꡣ
ϧ֮ҲˣҲ˯ˣ£ǽǵĻѩطG׸ô£ʵǲѡ
ôˣӣȦȦƵãƳ覴õʱ
ȷҲҲ¡
ôԸĿڳǬʣԴطGε֮󣬻ʺͲԸˡ
˺üյ裬ԷһҪ˼ûУڻʺӣҲ͸ˣǽи˵վգ׺岻á
ʺڻ赹˫üģʱըˣԼĺأ˵ʹ򣬴ҲʹˣŻŻͳˣôʵ۵Ĳ㣿
겻ʮͷǷֵʱüĶʱˣԾǿŲ䣺´ֻʮôˡ
ʺһɣ´Σ
ӣֱ׳ӹ̶ܽӣǾǹҲӦġ
ϧʺ󲻳һף޷ͨԲͨˣֻڵĸطGˣѾȣʺԽԽգƺ治ۡ
ôһʣ˵ˡ
طGͷףһѪϣ;лᣬһЩ
˵ǻΪŮɲɡ
ʱ䣬㹻ʺ˽ˣɸֵ뷨õ£ҪЩʱһȥĺѡ
ֲĸףҲ̫Ѵˡ
Խ˵Խ֣ƫƫüޣž;Ŀһʱˡ
ӵ£ʹӦ˰ɡʺɫƵ̽
ԣĿӲܿǻӸ˵䲻ģԺ󻹻һ֮ĸʲô£ĺӶˡ
˺Ӿˣĵ㲻ãˣ˵ģǵͷܣֻúɸ֡
ĸһ˵áĬеǣˣһ֮Ӱ졣
˵ˣձҲ͹ȥˣƫطGɡ
ʺһɻԵطGһۣߣأԳһ˼ûУ̲ס죺ѽ
˲䱻׽סյЦŴǣ֣Соร¡
мŮ˶ģʱǿԣλˣʺҲǲɵġ
Ǹ硣ʺɿ֣濴ſ۾ֹβŴطG˵̲ס롭
ǣſ֣һϣϸϸ˵
̲ס룬ʶԸɸɾģûôݺݺ࣬ǲҲлֻһˣطGǰƵãڸǰ䡣
ʺ˵ţɫЩ㱡
ʱТܲʻʺѾֻʣˣžҪûˣͨеļεĽӴֿЩԣҲ쳣
Ϊ̽ǬʱˣЩϧ֮بôຢӺעǲӡ
ڿģҲˡ
ǹˣס۾һʱɬųĬĿּһ䣺͵ǸԲˡ
ķۣҪӦ˲һ룬Ǻӣôܻһ̸ͱˡ
˫Ůѱȡ㣬Ǿׯϸ֪ǽڣȴ޿κΡ
ǲ֪ǱһǸߵġ˵;һǶѣ͵ˣȱһˣ
ֱָеĻĻʺֲ뱻ˣֱյһߣЦҲǻˣ߲ôݺݺ࣬ǿԸһӴ
ãȻȻ벻ͨйϣʺĶЦˣϡǵǵˣһǣ
֪ʲôˮ𣿱˵ˣһҲӡ
лҪ˵ʺ׷ϱеġ

 71 

ϻʺ֮ǰ, ҲûйĶʱȺǻ, ⻼е, пչע
˵Ů˶, , Ҳȥ粵, ͳɡ
ֻⱲ, żȻõһεĻᣬѳɶ־Ͳ˵鰮һ, Ҳϻʺ֮󣬲ͻȻϵġ
ʲôǣҶ, ʲôһղ
ʱʺĿУˮӯӯ, ҪӦ£ԥſڣǲ֪ıǹˡ
Ͼδһ֮, ϵشǰζ, ˭֪᲻䡣
˵ʺʹ㻹ôӣúãĸܶһ, ʲô
˵ˣЦЦĿλʱʮˣôˣһӶȥˣٶĲ춼ɳ졣
⻰˵ˣ⣺ⱲҪ߱ϱпȥơ
ľͻ޴彭ɽڻĵط
ԲһӶڻλϣҲûôʱźӳɳˡ
ʺĬſͷͺͺͺһѣŵŹ֣˵ºӺòͻһأ檾ãӦ֧֡
ؾɣ̲Է⣬ûиʱҲ֮е£ⱲҪı䣬ҪӸϸı䡣
˵ĵӶǳŴģΪŮ͸µߡʺƵĹƻҿ϶ϣҪ˵˽⿵ˣûˡ
һȴǲԸЭСˣеѰޣ¿ǲܵġ
˵ʺ겻СˣѾʮ࣬۽Ѿϸϸ·ҲģôţĿ⿴ҲƲ
ʺһÿɷرεתߡ
һ
һڰײ˺ߣôѰײ˸ˣأײ˲Ҫѵм
ѵúԺЩ᲻ãľ͸ںͷ
ʺ󡣡һ䣬ͼʺĿȥ£
Ǹأޱ롣
ôǲܴӦġ
ôӣܶ
ôţͼʺǳЦŻȥģ⺢ӽܿˣѽȻ³ТӣҪҲһТ˳ӡ
ȻһЦʲôˣĵ˵ͷ̵תˡ
һԵŹʾûۿŵשţשڲͬǺÿ
ʺһңͼطG۷ˣϽҪ񣬱ʺˣˣȻۣͱǿˡ
⺢ž˾ù̵ֲģСףȴвȻκ죬ͷѪ˿֪Ȼܼˡ
ѽ̾һҴҴӣȴʲôû˵
طGȥ
ʺժףǿӲİʣ˵˵ô£
طGɬĴ꣬ûʲô˵ġ
һ仰ǽʺֻϱǷ˸ģⱲһҪծˡ
Ҫתȥʺۼָֿͣʶ˵˵
طGŪĲͷ̬ʲô£Сʱ򣬶ܱûµģһйڡ
ϣҪȢΪޡûиܹʺطG
˵ɫЩȻ;á
ʺ󿴵ᣬҪˡ
˵˵Ǹʲôˣ֪ģӸǺҪ󡣡ʺסҪطGСﳤҲ֪ʲô߲ȵͣɱˡ
Ǹģ⻷ܰ
йأʱʱɫһСЦǶ֪ȦӾô֧ŲҲ޹⣬ʱһ鷳Ů
ŨȻˮ
ɻ鲻ǣ棬Ҫǣ̫ˣһףŮܣзҲҪǣġ
˺ð죬һĸǣŮ˸Ǻã
˵Ķʵ⣬طGҲˣʼش𣺡һۣ;ǼŮɺԣð˶סˣһŵ
ֻҪͷͼ򵥵ĺܡ
ЦһЦ;ôůֻԶŶЦ
طGδǰ˵ЩڿǰҲһϣδ˵ôϸ
ѽطGƿ˼죬˫ȴһۣϲ
ʺܳ
ֻһʣȴһȺĹϺҵģȴֻۣôһ۵ĶˣעҲˡ
ʶȢɡ
ʺһۣˣܴˣζԡ
طG΢ȥӰЩĪ⵽ǰﻹǲôţûʲôϣСʧˣҲް
ˣ͵͵˴ʵЩ۵տʼʱ򣬻סģийٶ˴룬˵ӵʹԶʤڴˣǵʱĽôµġ
ͷҲԼĪǽ˵˵ˣĺ뽿
ˮ˻ɤһͼʢߵߵĽźطGʱйǹͷôн
үˣﲻþʢһʣ֪ŵҪǶҪˣүҲ̫ˣͼʲô
롣طGһۣر顣
۵ʢ˲˶ԴĺɫΪӾǸˡ
лҪ˵20

 72 

ӻ, ʢŵһģڷЩ
ү, Ϻõ˵ҩūŸĨĨӵɫ, С, һ롣
طGޱĿһ, ³֣, 롣
ԾӵʢĬĬ, ˣҲ͹ɣ˶롣
, һ㶼֪è, ǣӵͦ
ʱԽԽ, תʮȥˣطG޶Ϣ, ˵ǼδİҪɻˡ
ȻǸõϢģ, ˰֮ǵСЦܹҶΪ
ԭôģԸԳ, ͷЩˡ
񣬾ͼطGʩʩȻĴüĿУЦӭȥˣ
ﱧǣСʱ俴ι״ˣ˼ˣּˣб޷ƣ໵һͿˡ
̬ȣֱӽطGһȥ
Сʹ棬졣
Ȼ޷ܣ˸ݣֿЦЦرɰ
طGãֱ§§ſ򴺽ƵĿڣ¶ѾΪˣ͵ż޸үɡ
˵ž΢΢̧򢣬رĿ򴺽
ˣ
ЩȻޱĿطGǳˣôҲûŶûʧһϰµģϿ糣ͷżɡ
ѾĴ㣬ˡ
ȡطGȻ֪ΪʲôӦЩӣҶǵļƻҪɹЩֱ㱾˼޸үԵʲôùܣֱӵžǡ
Լ˵£ֲֻᡣ
ɵĿһۣüϸϸ˵
ЩԣչǳԣʷϿ˽⣬Լڴʷ˽⣬ô׵£ûô׵ġ
Ƿŵִδ⼸ν£ʮ꣬΢ƫԶһĵط޷̸¡
һϷԣڴţҲɼһߡ
طGŶǶޣδУΪӸ
û˵ʲôλεʾ²ʲôᡣ
طGӣϲеʱо쳣ûж룬Ӵ֣صʣ˲Ҳˡ
ԭţڴγУûסϸϸĽЩʱշ£˵һ顣
Ⱥ󣬻ʺͱֵ쳣Ȱǹӹľװģɻȴ˼⡣
º飬Ȳݶ
ôţĿԶƵĸ˵š
տʼǴڷ״̬ģģ˯죬ڼʺչ˵ĺϸ£ĵĳ̶ȣܵĵ
Ѿóö׼ˣ˭֪ˣֻʰ˼䣬;ˡ
ԼЩأ˳Ĳ˼顣
գҲЩµģ²⣺ѲɣϸҸĸʲôԹӲˣһͲףطGһȦͻȻ뵽һµĿܣɫ˲ˣ죬ȴʲôû˵
طGһֱڿɫ˵䣬뵽һȥˡ
Ҳ˰ףΪ˰ЩֵĴǳЦŵ̫Ӵ֮λȹ̣ȻΪ
ʵԼҲûףҪŴֻô˵ˡ
Ӳ淴Ӧ̫֮λȹ֮طGиûˣ˫ȭһɫǷү١ѼͷһӦ
ģŷʺֱӽ£һǳԵźţȻͷ޹ء
ڰյݣѾ̫ٴУˣ̫²ǵ÷衣
ôһ˵ҲЩЦſڣôһ˵ҲͦеġǻһֿܣԲżڻʺ¡
Щǲ²⣬ûκݣҲû˵
˭֪յĹһһСԺطGһ̲ס;ˣȫĹŮ̫֡ȡ
Ϊµ֣Цǰʺּܲźӡ
ʲôźźģҹĵĴ룬ȻҪ̵Ĺأ˵ҲǣǻʼˣֹЩˡ
뵽һ㣬̾һֻ֪һʼ
طGһ֪ˡ
һ仰˴ҵģ·Ʋԣˮ಻ԣſҲеƣֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
֪ԭطGǲɫľֹҲǸˮġ
ۡ
ޱ롣
Щѧ֮󣬻ýЩˮĴֱĥ˲գۡ
ү밲ү򸣽𰲡ԼѧĸطG밲
üһǣôҲˡ
ɫ࣬𣺡ү밲Ǳزٵճڣ˿أҪÿҲҪλϲȴֿƣ̫                        
лҪ˵ʺǱԵȫȨ

 73 

һʱ, ǰûع, ˵ⲻ⡣
ǰ, ϾͻŮ˵һ, 쳤վõĻ, ٸ鹻ġ
, ӣ, ԼָһԲ
طGֽеĲյ, үĸ밲ò, ү˵㣬ôŰ, Ҳò˼Ρ
ЦЦһҲͽҹȥˣﲻɵøп, ֲûʺأӶӳ, ¿˹
Ͽʵܲˡ
̧ͻȻежò˵, ȴǺܺܶࡣ
ΪӸܹݵʵࡣ
֪̫ڲڣڣϻϡʺ̫Ķƽ
طGĸ첲⼸սϰأʵЩƣۣЪϢЪϢɡ
˵ͷۣ⼡ʹĶԼġ
ټûոǻЩˡ
Զԣϰøһ˵ۣ˭ҲȲ˭أӦ¾ʰʰȥǰԺˣԺֻʣһˡ
ǣϡĲཱུס̾ŮҲùһһóԭ
ȷʵСҲѧŹسģһһȻҲǳһɵģǸֵϿʵЩַˡ
ûоֱֹɣطGҲܿ
طGͷôˣûѧҲǰҪأ˺ǾͰԭҲʲôġ
ǣ̶ܴΪԼƽֿġ
һۣҵ˵˵̲סЦˣ⡣
ҶطGЦЦʲôû˵ֻЦŽ§һֱӹм䣬طGƣֱޱĽӾӵ
СʱҲͰˣԼĺӣҲͰˣèҲ֡
è̻Щ£Բ˫ˣίίһ
ԣԼȥ֣ԼȥźЦطGè̶ݲˡ
طGֱ׳š
ִֻʣ˵Ĺ򣬾ˣѵõļžſ飬飬ͼ͸ϡ
Ľµվĺܽ
ܿԷϸëûһë׵ļ̲סһлۣŶԷ̲סЦˡ
ζĿڣƽƽ棬ʵͿ
ƽƽ档
Ϳ
طGĮŲʱˣⶼʲôţ߻̭ˡ
˭֪̽ʣҪ²˼Ľӣ
²˲⹦Ч˲֪˲طG˲׹
ֱӾͺף˵ˡ
ʲô־絶ǳᵽˡϧѧرȽۣټ˴Ǻˣж磬ڻûȥЩɲıƼˣ˯Ǵµġ
ôΪԷ룬ô˵ģʲôԾ²ˣ
ү¹⣬ҪҪԣ
˭֪һ֣е뺦ҵΪһֻӲ˸ӣμġ
ûʲôֻһڳԲµģУǱȻ
ҰζȻҲ˭֪ʲô
ԣҰζԡơ
طGɵһۣΪ
ôһʣͺл˵ˣֻβγˣ˶ٶˣ䣬˵ĺô¡
룬ʲôܷһҰָɾȥ
ʲô֮ģֱʤ
ͶĵĻţ¼Ұζл
طGôһ˵¹Եô࣬¡
ڳķҲ֪
ô˵˵ȥģطG˵һүԾ²ˡ
ҪǹЧء
ΣյĿ򴺽ǻˣҲͲٹ˼ôˣ϶Ҫһء
ĺɫĺϣطGʹ÷ùִˮԡ֮ر
տʼûӦźʱί㣺ŻڽӲ󷽱㣬ǵˡ
ֳˣӦʱ˶ҪˣȰȴ޸ܣ͸ˡ
طGȴһ㶼𵶵һү
ִһԲˣλүСôģɼû
ˮˣطGȲĻ˻֣ʾūǶȥССʣūŻźԡء
طGɨȥү
ǻʶǰūţźʶͳˣź򽿽˵
ɤӣڣԼϴ
СԼϴ裬رڿ죬һ㶼Ѿ߰æ
˭֪طGЦһᣬүڣ㶯֡ζһ£˲˼뵽˵Ծ²ڵĽӣɵԸӡ
ֱϸһֱЩˡ
ȣԼ˫ˮģ˵žܾĻطGȴ˵Ľ
ЦЦ۽յϵүܵʵ֤үҪ²˲ǡ
˵Ųֱӽ⿪ۣ̿ϸϸĶǶϵʣãүѵĹΣ
ִ֨սЩ͵͵ʣźߣ
ӱǻżζƫƫֵͳˣߵĴ͸ˣԾɲŹϸϸš
޳ָǽ޳ӣɫϵϣԳ͸ʹ
лҪ˵awsl

 74 

һҴůŨ
ž²¼, طG˷֤Լ
Լһ, طGСۣȫµ֪
ɡһڱԼ, ΢ƵɤԼһ¡
طGȴֻ, , ŵ, ˼ַ顣
Ӧһ, ԺĻأ˯ɡ
ĺɫϵҹʵƣۡ
ԱĴҲЩطG, ˲ҸʵĽǶȣ㰲Ȼ˯ˡ
ȴ೤ĺ, طG˫Ȼ´, ȥͷѰˡ
ֻû˯Ӳˣ֪϶Ҫʻġ
ЩϿˡ˵
ڻӸ˵, ȷʵҪҲûôҪ, һһʵټ
һʱתҶǸ, ɻʺҲˣϵ
Ͼİݲͬ⸣ҲŻʺ棬ȻҪͬ
ǻʺｻģѧʱȻҪЩֻɫʺ˵ˣǲЩؾ͸ܳʱһ࣬ƯƯģҶġ
Կη⵽ʱӸ£ٶŬֻҶǿЦǼٲҪŵİѱ
طGȻʵۣԭͲ֣ˣСӯһյģϸϸģ
ˡ
һ仰ҭ޻˵β⣺ūǶǸһĽȣѧһΣūȻΣˣʳ϶ĸЩǿЩ
رҪѧģһ㶼ܸġ
طGĿڳֶһûסԷˣȼЩĪүĽ
ֹӦ£תȥʱֻԡ
ĪүĽ
ĪүĽ
⻰ת˺ü飬ֱ·ԭҲһŮ˸ġ
ŻصҵطGڴϵĺӰһǰͼԷ̵ֻۣţһԼȥͼԷ˳ƻףž˹
˸ʵĽǶȣԺ˯ˡ
طGǹõ΢Ц룬ԭ˯Ҳڵү
һҹߣڶһ磬˯ּطGź˶ԼЩȣۼˣԷãԷ࣬ƫƫ۵Ҫ
μڳԽӣɺóˣܿͳˣұףһڶûóԡƽﲻġӱȽϷʣĴ⣬ƽջ治ôԡ
طG۾ֵͷ˿Լ֣ܺãֱףΪů
֣ͷǸӡ
طGޱĽԼĲ²˵ͼֿѽԵˡ
˿ɲǴô
طGˣҲ֤ݣ޺޵Ľǽ۸һͨС죬ˮȥϴŻعȥˡ
⣬Ҳǵ۸Ͼͷ֣һС۶û취ġ
ţԷȷʵûʹۣźţС鲻߻Թɫ
ˣΨһȤûˣѧϰصḶ́͸ӵĿζƣۡ
ۣһ쵽ûͣʱ
ʱѧʱѧ˼ʹϵ
֮ƣʮ֮Ҳ÷ǳӡ
˴Сϵģûģ˭˭Ȣ˭ҵĹŮ˭˭˭ҵСӣҲġ
˵ԹϯҲġ
񴺽ſʼǰ죬˵Ȼ
ʲôģģҪȥ
ʾ޸طGҲ̫鷳ˣ·ѧرȽҲͰˣñᣬֲʶˣͼ˭мӣ׾͹һˡ
ӹĺܿ죬ܹһϢʱ䡣
С˫ƵãԼԽԽÿԽԽɰ
ıڻֱܼе
ܺõĵĿȱȱĶӾˣСϸ룬־ˡ
ճʱ˫һżۿ̵ʱ׼طΪرš
ѾᷭˣһŶһ㣬ʱ߶߶˵ŶŶŶĻ㣬էһΪڶԻ
Ŷ~
Ŷ~
˵˵ţҲ˻ˣĸŶһŶһ춼ֺǺǵġ
ĸźЦСӻ飬ôСͻῴɫˡ
ɲǣǰŵ¨棬ú棬ǲ֪ôˣСЩڵۣӴĽǶȿ˾ޣѲһȦûܿ˱죬ְջȥ̧ԼС֣ŬĻš
Ҫۿţ治֪һСӤϷҲôࡣ
϶ƤЦ˵ȷʵŶ㣬ӦðڸʲôʲôʱƫƫԼԸ
廨СĶãҲݲ˵һ䲻á
Ƥ˲źأ顣Ƕô˵ġ
ЦҡͷǿŴЦתתҲЦ
ЦˣСʹһŴĸ׵Ķˡ
㶺Ūţͼֹ߹ȻҪѧˣǻ˻֣Щζ
˴СѧĶڶ̶ʱڣһɾʹ࣬޷˵ʹࡣ
֪ΪãԻʺĹ۸к˺ܶ࣬Щ㸶лرġ
ЩʺǲѵʱٵͷȥţͲ˵ˣЦһ˵ģ𼸴δ
ڰޱİοԼ
ԭڹ͢ôһ˿˿ĺ棬ӾˣȻʺ·
Ȼôţȴѧ棬һȥѾˣ겻ͬգʺ˺ܶණȻĵģ˶֪ҫɴ
ЩӴ˵طG˵ʵһ
СӣӦ˵ƭģҲֵôм䵽׳ʲô⡣
ʱطGʾլȥԼʵݳޣҲúʰˣϾҪأʱ񲿵ˣôһˡ
¸Ϲһ飬ȥƺϲ⡣طGû˵ûڼ๤أû뵽һ£ȻǸԼ޷ӣҲͦ˼ġ
֪£Щ죺ˣ
СҲԺӣǰѧãѧѧϰ˵庮Ժͷ˵СˮɽܲҲѧԺ磬ǼҾӷ硣
ȥơԺͷһһľ⣬ͼҲǴֶŴסͷӣɵһֵġ
ɵĿ֪ôģȻģͼ̽ǰ㶼æʲôأ
Է˺üΣ˵ûæʲôôܵӣôãԼȻˣһˣôܸ޷ӡ
طGû˼˵ʵڵģ£Ҳͷһξʵ֪˵ڡ
͸Ķۣûһֲֻˡ
лҪ˵ۣܡ

 75 

طGڵű䡣
ֵ, ûееķӦ
£廨, ÿһ׼ﶼǾ, ļȻòԼ, Ǳ뵱ӻҪġ
ļʯɴ, , ޶Ŀɫ
ر, þƽѧ
룬Ⱳӻûлһΰ񳯷, ȴⱲ󼰵Ρ
δֿɼԳ
Ц̧طG, ɣǧѽ
ò˵, ȷе֪Ҫˣæµʱ򵹻ãϾʱЩѰ, ڻʹڼ, кܶ಻ȷҲкܶ²⣬ò˵Щֵ̿ġ
ǰƽƽѧ, ⱲʧѣҲòȥ
ѴԽŮݣò˵ҲȴСͶ徭ĹŮõȥ˵£ɲ۹Ž񣬸ѹʱһ㶼š
طGֱӽ§ٶԣֱӱȥ
һֽӣֻҪһ뵽ĸͷǼ˵䣬͵ס
һƼţסˡ
Ͷʱһȴ͸¶ֲһȽȥ󣬲ŷָ֣оǿˡ
ϰ߲ĺۼָǿ̺ۣЦЦžޣʦָҿ̵ģԭֻǳǳһ
Ǻӣò˶ҲҶһǳ۴δʧһֱڡ
ÿΰһ٣תԼõӻ㡣ۼȻߣȻȻᵽûסε䡣
ޣҲֻĬĬģһûС
ƽյӲͬϢȴϧ
طGĵģ˭ֱ֪ǿˣʱЩ޴룬ſڣĪѽ
һڣĸˣ޴ıȻ£һү̡
ⲻֱӽӰֱһָ˸ӡͷһЦֺá
ӣһЦһԸˡ
ԷְοԵ㣬㻹ء
ˣɡ
˲ᣬôҲ޲ˣʲôħԻʲôжԳ壬ôء
˶˵а˵ʲôʲô
ͼطGΧ˿Ĵˣֱӽٸ߱˫סݵףպ壺ԣѽ
ģȻЩˣףֱתƣڱϣ̧Ժȥ
һôߵӽǿӽǲͬǰѱ˸ɢˣӿ𣬿Ƽʲô¡
طGһͷ˵ߣŵԼĸ±˿


 76 

ԺǰԺ, ˵Ҫ˵ࡣ
ʱʱǱᣬͯĻ, ˵ʮ꣬ȴ
˵ôͻȻһ, Ÿûʲô
˵, طG濪ڣ԰
վûס, û𰡡
ȷʵû, Ժûס, ûѾŬˡҲ޵ȫһ, ϸϸʲô, ΨȲеģ
ȻҲ뵽һ磬˲ƿ, ˮģżһڣЦ, Һϲ
õѾõĿޣطGޱ, رֵһ
ɫǶԽ⣬룬лл~
طGޱ, ȴĺ͸
ˡ

Цһ㶼£ỽ~
ڵĶ˶⣬Ǻ͸Ķر˼
~
Цſڣһڡ
طGվ̲סתֱ˸ûѵˮһ㣬΢΢һ⣬ת˲ʧͬѥɦһ㶼񫡣
󣬴΢ף֬Ե¶ԭ̺촽ɫܵ֬ҲЩױǳ׻ˡ
ĺһֱۣӰϴˣڵ֬Ҳˮ׾ϴ
ɫǽĿ˵ģطG§§뷿ȥ
˵ǹ뷿˵Ƕͯﻹʱߣʲô糵ľСϻȵȣӦоС
ţ¾ЩɬⶼǸĸ
طGǾϡһۣСǧӵʱͱζƳҲ֪뵽ȥˡ
޹ԺͷҲ֧ǧӣʱ㱧档
ͷܾ뱧棬ǡ
ҳˡ
ǧȷʵǹŮӵһ֣ĺԺʱУǧϵһԵøˡ
طGһû˵ʲô
֮󣬴ɨţͻȻˣӲһ
ЩطGͼԷһڷ˵ı飬ȷʵԭļҾߣûʱͱĲӣڵĶԭģϤЩ
լʱʱɨŪļҾ߶Ǹԭһڸ㻭ױӣʱԼѡ׻ʺڣֽŹȨ˸ҵ
ͷױԼôأϻʼҵľͷǿɶһһ󣬵лŮӼױǴСʼŵģĸҲ˺ܶ࣬ǷŵѾˡ
Ҫ˵ױͷģžĹ±ˡ
ͨһûеġ
²ʼˣЧ֣ʱļҾߣõ㲣Ǵͷһˡ˭ҲȲ֡
õ֮ԭôó躹ĸ֣ǱȽʺģ뵽һ㶼ίֻõĸⲣǶԷģܾôΪС
ǰˣЦȷʵǸʵݷӣƯװ棬ȴֲǮ
ֹĺϼƼױӣЩԣеɣȫǺöûýҵ׶Ϳˡ
̫ļױһٶʮ̧ļױݶһһʮ̧طG˵̫Ŀ϶ȲյҲ̫ˣЩҡˡ
ⲻ磬ֻҪ⣬ԸҲ
˭ġʡ
ʺ󡣡طG
ôһ˵ЩȷڻʺĹ۸ֱˣܾöԷطG˵֣õˣòãǱȻǲõġ
⣬ûн˵
ƸױǸСҳﱸļҵףʱ˽鶼ر磬˵ԼˣԼҲ
طGû£ֳɻˣҪ˲Ӽãһףŵյģ뵽̲סЦ
أЦĻ֦ҲĶԷĪ˵ĺúõģľЦˡ
ЦЩֹסȴǶ϶ĽԼ뷨˵ˣЦĲӡ
үŵյģطGޱ룬˿ǷʰʺڻݺݵĴƨɣʮ£һ¶١
ǡЦСûĵġ
˫˹ڣҺϲ
ȡطGס§§룬ʵ᲻ôġ
֪Լ⻰һٶ򣬿լ֮ͷһ˿ ִҲˣǰߵģеõܺõ֮üۼҲÿЩ
ִȥȻصСԺ֮󣬾ǿ޵໵ģίСɤӶЩˡ
ʱ۵УϽӹڻԭޣŵϤζ˲ĿСֽץס½󣬾ѹҪһһ飬ڴʱȻ¶һ޳ݵЦݡ
ҵĹԹӴôôڣſĸ̧üʣô޳
һʣһûţյȣû쳣ŰĿͶĸͼһΣأĲͣǵñߣС˺üȦſˡ
ϸϸĴȷʵû쳣ǿ͡
ڶĻЩ˯˱죬ЩίཱུСֽץסڣôҲ֡
ӣĴף˺ˣѽߵġ
ϸϸİοطG﷢ᣬûʱϸ
˵
ΪȻµĿȰкӣԺҪģɸӣǿǺã
طGߣСŶ㣬ôˣ治˵á
űͷ޺ǣһͿԷ㹻İ⣬ŸܶأĮԶԡ
˵ЩڣطGСͱ䣬⻰˵϶ϽҲûҲͰˣܸıҪ
˵˻粻˵طGƽֻС飺̫ˡ
̶ĸ֣˼ȻңʱЦ˯ŵǷŵСϣطGǰ˵üۣһ׵ָ°ͣǴһڣŵ֪ݼ𣿡
ݼڡ
طGڵľͺ͸ˡ
˵Բôǡ
ԭǵСŤ˲䱻ƽһ벹һ䣺ү͹ˡ
ôһ˵֪ˣûͣȷʵͦϲɵģҪȻҲô壬ᡣ
ţܡ
˭֪طGԥԥĿڣţүҲ
»СϱƵãߴĺͦģ̲סʲôѽ
㡣طG
ôˣϷŹϹŰ壬Ҳ˵һ죬ѵá
ǰʲôģ׾پͿˣʲôҼһһУǸʱ˵Ķˣô˼
ɴطG˵ȻᣬһֱֿС
үֿ˵˵һطG̲סֺ
лҪ˵ү˵ġ

 77 

˫, Ŀоڴ֮ɫ
طGƼ, ǰ˫Ⱦκ죬ˮཱུһ, ۿɿڡ
, ɫ档
ү֪ΰˡ
⻰һ, ʱ, ʲô, ʲôв֪ΰ
˵üۣһɷв˼ԡ
طGüǺһ, ̲סһڣЦſڣүѽ˵ĳ, ԭֻǶŪĴһʱס, ⻰ֻúҪסˣԼ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ޱ롣
Ϊ԰Ѿ, ˭֪˵ɺͬ
˵һΡգգ۾, Ŭһ
һжطG޳ָ˼ˣ, һڣڴĿ
Ұ㡣ǻԲִ˵ͳдԣһů˵ȥ
죬ͼǰһյүĽ
ܳ
㣬ҡ
ޱ룬ðβŷӦ͵ϣϲ̵׼ڣЦҵ~

ɡ

ɡ
һһڣһһڣ޲ԷĹѪУҲ롣
òֹˣҪ̧̧֣򢣬ƿڣ߰ɣؼҡ
СԺȻǳؼĵطĶͷûôҪǱչ뷨ָܾͷǳůˡ
Ըά⣬Ըһ
룬ѧعȻƣۣҲʱʱ·Ͼֵá
ͦãȿʱ򣬴ľȷᣬޱ룬裬ίʵЩˡ
˵һ۾͹ȥˣÿ׶̹ͷ߿ľͷóˣ˵ǳܶˡ
طGҲӰˣżҴһۣ˵˼仰ˣÿδҲûգո˵䣬ͱ־ѧϰȥˡ
ȴ֪˽ʺ˵ԺãҲ飬ѧʲôǼģ԰ѽȸӿˣԭһĹأ¿Ҫһˡ
ܹһأʺЩģЩ˿ºͣʵִ֣־ˣĹһһĺãԾ˽Ҳ͸Ҫһôһ˲ףϾöֵöĶ࣬뿪һصģﻹóŵסѡʵࡣ
ĸѡϱҪϻۡ
Ĵ㣬ԷֻһܿĻû뵽񵽱ˡ
ʱɼūſǲ˱գµǸãҲܷЩ
ⱲӶԼĺӣôطG˵ϵĺӣȴΨһĺӣҲܺһ㡣
֪˵ԼʹĸԴԼѧ̫ãڿҿҸȣʰʰʾŽʥּʱЩ¡
ôôૡ
ԭطGĿҪһʥּôˡ
ֲö˵ֻЦŵʺ빬ءԭľǹ˶ӣǲã۷׷ף²סģĿڡ
ôһ˵ȥʺԼͷһʧ˵Ȼݼʺ󣿡
ֺЦͷ˵ţͼطGʩʩȻ˹Ŵģüʾ⣬£ɵЦˣǣүǽȥ
׵һνûŵ㡣
ЩѾˣ׻˵ŹԶˣͲJˡ
ޱ£ˣǱJˡ
ϸϸʣʺǸʲôӣ
طGϸϸ룺ʺΪǿ̰壬һһŹϲŭɫ
ô˵ţȴЩ֣⼸ԷЩˣڷһת˵»ʶˣԵôȺࡣ
˼飬޲Сϱţ̫ˣϾ⹫Щˡ
ӣطGǰοһ䣬˵һţĿڣʱү㿴ع
ڽƱ磺ǿ㣬㿴غͻʺĻ档
ǼҪϻʺˣģᶯ˵
Դһ֡
ʷϵĿТܲʻʺ󣬶ô˼
طG뵽˵İݼڣ̲ס𴽽ǣ¶һοЦݡ
һЦüˣڶԷһڣŻʰȥȻһȥ͵Ȱױݸǰһ飬⣬ʱ
վԼ¹ǰͷһЩ£ôѣзǼʺҪʲôʵ²ȥ֡
ȵĿطGԷ̧̧򢣬Ȼһ仰û˵ˡ
żһڣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
طGڴпˣ㴩㴩ʲôһ
㴩ʲôһ
ޱĿתͰƣ˾ģ˵ʲô
лҪ˵̡ң
ģ¡

 78 

ʱ, ڴϣ̲סȥ, طGæΣ۵Ҫ, ֵ˯, 㿪ʣˣ
˽, ʣˣ
ȻѾ, , ǳĿڣʺﲻϲô죿
طGԶԣܾãǾ䰮ݼڵݺ, ԷǼҪĸ, ô⡣
ģ, ˯ɡڰο
ȴţҲ䣬һߵһ, ô죿
طGֵûӣֻ÷ѹ, ΣյȻ˯ţǾ˼¡
ԭţҪض, ܲˣϢ˭֪飬Ҫʺϲ޷԰Σһ档
ѱһǣر飺˯
ҪʺأһŪüҶǴ飬˼Ҵһƾ֪ô£ӡ󲻺ô졣
طGбӶԼϣ˲ΣС߻۸ˡ
ôһ㱻ӣ§ţûһһˣֻҪһ۾ǶԻʺв²⣬ֱֵ˯̤ʵ
òں˼˯ˣζǻʺΣֱû˭ˡ
컹ţˣ˯طGֿ˿ͷ죬Ż磬ͱ۾˯ˣһ̤ʵˣǼʺĻء
վӼʺϲѹԷǻʺ󣬻ţδţ֡
һ䷴ԵĻ˵Էκϰԣúš
ôһ룬еļȥ˲ž޲Щޡ
ɣӡ
طGѾˣʱ򣬶ûô鼤ϰµģưæġ
ڽ·ģ죬СϱƵøرɡ
طGһһۣ̲סЦˣƽҲôɾͺˡ
¶һĨ΢ЦЦ©֣ϸϸĻأɿˡ
һۣԭͲǹǿĳ࣬üۣŮӵ̬˵ô¡
طGۣǰͷ·˵ˣӹ¥Ϳ쵽ʹˣǻɫߣֻЩϢˣ
طGֺ΢΢ſС죬ͷԣˡ
߹ŵʱ򣬿ĹܿҲеһӣʲôţס
һ·Ǭߣһ·ĻᣬѧôõĹأõģʲôһиɻЦݡ
˵ǰʱ򣬻ʺںûϽˡ
˵ⴺţʺҲûôȻģϾǺİײˣ˵ޣɲúء
ǰİ裬͹ʹҪ࣬ǽϻŷɫ黨ֽȻţһŮģô
УЩЦ룬ԽԽϲɫëүүʲôģǡ
ʺݵ~
̫𣬴Ͻ񣬻δȥͱһ˫ȵָסˡ
ְϸţžµĻף̧һ˫Ц˫ֺͰ
ƫƫ۽üҶ͸쪺һ۱㰮ˣΪֹӹˡ
ʺ˾Ц⺢ӾнˣˣǺͰ
ױݾ£Ŵ۵̲סЦ⺢ӿۣǿˮСײˡ
һ˼ˣѧؿɻܵסһ࣬˻ȫˣһǣ֣һһģرг
طGһԸɵۣ˵ݼڵݺڣȻˡ
һ;ûʺطGеĹȻһɻȻǳЦӯӯӦţĻʺϲѣ⺢Ǹõģк̫ࡣ
ôʱûôɶ¡
ʱ򣬻ʺҪԷطGѵȷˣޱǻأСŶҲָôء
Ҳ˵ٵģĸ̺ӣƫƫϲճһҪ֡
⻰˵ģʺ;һ⺢ӣδճҲ볢ճŵζ
´αе
СӣϲĽ
ЦӦ£طGһˣߵǬſڵʱһ벻ˡ
ֻūŴӵһƵˣǿĸ
Ͻ񣬾ͼ̧̧֣ʾⲻضֿһطGˡ
ĥһʲô˼ȴ֪ǬͷʺҲĥ
Źɿˣ۹ⲻʺ޲ڡ
ڹͷ˺ü꣬Сǰһھţҵ̻˵ʲô᲻ãԸ᲻ã⻰ûҪ˵ˣ˵뷨Ů˲ͬ
Ůһ˵ˣµȴֻҪĸ
ͲԵȣ˵һȥ
ôţʡ
ܸӣʱҲܴǻʺϲԲָġ                        
лҪ˵

 79 

ʺĹ, ˿һۣô
, ¶ġ
ӣЩ, ʺ̬Щ, ûôӲ, ڳǬĸ, ʱʱҪơ
˵ѽɻᡣ
ʺ뵽Լ, 뵽ԼеСײˣ˻֣˼Ҳһ, ǿɡ
Ҳһʣת˵㡣˵ķǳΪ, ʺЦЦбһۣ뵽ΪͬСڵĻ, ӦĲƽԼû˵ʲô
Ĵ̲סһ, һٺͷĿʡ
Ҳ˵ʺ, ǷǳƵģʱʱ͸¶Źأɲһжܸǹģ˵ͷһμѼҳ, ֱŵը
οѻƭġ
СôԸԸЩ£ڶԷĸУǶȻʮģÿ˼²
ǵֻɨһۣ;ñ͸ˣ¡
ôţ̲סʺסڵ̾ʺ㣬ӢˬдŴȺͣۡ
طGô˵̲ס˳ǣ˼ҶЦһЦ;˼Һƣȵʱ򳹵֪ʺĿöġ
Ҿãʺ˵Ĳһ૿ڣٿüطGܲСʱȽУԼǲˣ
ô˵ֻ˵ǲǰңŹô˵ġ
Ȼôҵ˼ʱЩ䣬ôãطGЩԸ
˲ˣ˵ʵͳڻʺˣˣԼûãŰطGϣ
ɲô˵ʱɵ˺ԶҲ
Ц˽ůĻЦ㣬ء
⻰˵οطGһǻȶͲ١
˻ȥ󣬴Це˶ˣôǵѧأֱΪֹ
֪ôģӳɻ鲻ںˮ޵ͻȻôһ˵ڴ
~һ߽Ժӣǳɤ໿ޣʱ۵ĸʲôƵãСǹģ˲䶪طG֣Ժȥ
ǻԼС첲Сȣ޵ס
ĸɺͬޣСˮ
ûôû;ίһϣոշô岻ס
ϽһĻǿˣСɤίˣ໵ģмַҲҡ
ѽҵСϽƣųſͷС첲סʮһһֻ˺Ķˡ
§˺һһ磬Ц¶ɫ¸µĿġ
СѼӡ˵ıǼ⣬ʱЦĸ¸µģԲ۾гһˣȴԾܿĴɡ
ףͻȻţЩԣЩģ
һֺյζ֡
ϸļּ飬ССŶɸɾģûණһϸϸһ飬С첲ʱ̲סЦˣźһ
ལɰ
ͻȻһźڶѵ⣬ͿںڵһߣͻȻŨЩζζˡ
~Դ˵ҲǣֵĵˣʱҲûϴϸҲǳеġ
ǲ֪Ϊڸ죬ʱ˵ĸʲôƵãС֣Цѿ졣
氮ЦͬЦŻЦĵ٩
طG򣬰βʣϲЦģ
һ⣬ûûεôһ˲丣飬µϲ
طGջĿ⣬Ц⡣
ʱſ꣬͵ι״˴кˣתһ񣬺ߺ
ССӣССŶ¼ˣôɵſǰ̬һš
ҲһţסཱུƨɵˡС׳ʵഩʹˣǸ˾ˣһ·
ҶǸԣͥҪȻѶ
ǱĵЩ̲סЦô첲һܳȥһŵøʲôƵãú棬ֲ첲ȣҪһΡ
СѽɲˡһѸ̫ΣˣﻹͣҴģطGõԳʱҲȲڡ
ϲðյϷֵ㵸ͣ
ɵطGһ
û뵽ת˿Сһһſڴͷ໵һͿˡ
طGȻ֪ڰɣŶСӡ
ǣߺߺߡ޾ˡ
ҲЩ죬Ųɵ
ǣ~
޵ĸˣе飬֪ɵǺûôССͻῴɫֱ˼飬û뵽ġ                        
лҪ˵
ǣһҳѴ

 80 

, ̫ʱůͼˡ
ĸɹ, ˲ɵۣСΪвο۸
, ѵЩ, Ц, Ͻ§סǺ˺, ΪЦ, һ
Ժ۸ˡѵ
طGֱͦģװԼû
Ҳ, ǺûаȫУ˯, СҲץѣôҲɿ, ˯˯Żۿڸǰֱ۾˯
Ц, ȴůṳ̊ʵ
ٯٯģ޲ֱһ, 벻ң벻ģ˵ĸطG, 赭дĿڣɲɣʱȢϱˣҲŰţǺã
ϡԭ֪
ϱϵУһҪһĸ̫˵Ǻˣϱˣִʱ򻹺ЩŴĲҡ
ÿһ¼ﶼĸģһ£ŵңܲѹ
ȻҪ࣬ڹͷڹͷһǶԷãϲĥˣҲĥ˼ء
Χˣϱϵ˵һͿТιʱżȨռŵƸߵ㣬˵ϱţһ־Ѫɡ
طGԶԣⲻŵġ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪʡ
ЦСܹܵ꣬Ҳô꣬ȵѧעҪԶ
ʵʱԼС飬˭ϸҳһ顣
ԼкˣᵽѺĸܣ᲻زãﶼ»ˡ
طG⻰ۣ⻰Сܵʱ仹üꡣ
ɲɣӡ
δ˵ʲôڣȻܵĻ㡣
ǶҪɻˣȻһ
ô˵ܵĶȻǷֲ˴ˣֻüͥÿԱòܺõĹעֱ
طĢ̧򢣬һ㲻˵
ǵСŤʧЩ̡
Ѿ˯ǣԡԭЩѣϤζϮʱߡ
ŵĳȥ˿ȻԼԺӰױݸжˣֺĳ˶ٷžû
طGü͵Ŀޣֵĺܺã󷽡
ȷʵͷһνʹǼʺݾֹһʵЩѡ
˻ʰҲЩģڶԷ£ܰȻʾͺܲ
Ц˹գҺͷһʲô
ʷαϲ֪ٴλʷֱҰʷʷô֣̫࣬ˣеӾ硢ӰС˵ȣ˵ôиС
˵ǶϱһǳȫݣʷϿûԶϱֹǶöǵ£ŮĴڣѹῴһۡ
⻰һڣطGǹõĻȣһЦʲôû˵
ת˵ԵͷĹŮǼµġһʰ޵ĸɾ䣬֮Ƿݵü˳۵һСұҲʲô
⹬Ůǰһǳ˼趨
ԭ԰ֻ֪Ů֪ġ
ĹŮֻŮˣԾɿԿƾ٣ûκơ
κͻǧ˿ƷֲĲţҲɰɣ˵෽淢չڰ׳
ֱѧصʱ򣬾͹ǰ֮ƣӲǱ죬Ů֮Ǵ۸ӵĹϵҲˣָ˵ʱ򣬲ڳӡ
ͻȻ뵽̲ס죺鷳ѽ
طG鿴Щ£ţ
һڣ˵ء
һָ棬ִһӣطGޱ룬
һҲǲŬдʱ⣬ֲ֪ʲôϲ顣
طGе飬һԾ
ãǳɫ磬ٴ͸ӳ߲ůɫӰ
й˳ϣڰͶһСƬӰ
ЩѧĹضֹУ浾ţָڴ΢΢ƵҳϣһĹ󣬸Ե˾ϸ
Ǿɵıǣ΢΢ŵĴˮмһ㴽飬һ㡣
طGɫĿµ
һ£Ķ⡣
ÿôһ̧Ͷ˫ЦӯӯһۣطGƵĻأÿ
ЦЦүĽÿˡ
̣ԭŪĴδ飬طG˹Ŀڣһãδһ๫
䣬Цּᶨӹɵĵ٩
๫
ڴ˹ǻᱻƵãȥ̫أɡȲͬ
лҪ˵ҲẰġ

 81 

طGϾ, ȡ
ߴ١
̧ε, ѵһȣ๫
ͷһκЩɰͰ͵, ޸ɫʡ
ԭȻطG, ˲˶, Ͱ͵Ӧ~
ֽϻԶֽϻ, һ, ˳ˡ
๫
๫
๫

طGˣն͸ˣӦ, ֱ§, һٶĥ׽ӵĲ, סੲݵĴ꣬๫֣ʱ, óܲˡ
˴֣ɢ, С̺죬ˮ˫˿ɷй֮⡣
طG, һһ˵˵ġ
˺ְΣֵ𣺡ѧˡ
˵ͰڴУȴħ䲻ʲô
˹գԹĺһʱըˣ鷳ʱҲ鷳ˡ
طGӣͷһξ顣
رô۵ʱԼϱ˹ˣʲôɣҲе㲻ʹġ
Цȥѧûеôʹ죬˵Ҳһѧϰò˵ֻѧܶģԭȷʵŮ֮Ƿʰô˵ҲС
ĽЩ˾һϢࡣ
˵Ľһ㶼û˽Ǻϧġ
ȵ¿֮ǳЦŵǰĸǶһѣҲȥƿк⣬űǡ
ô˵ǿ˵ʵǽ̵ĺãʹͣǻ˵ûôǿӲмζͷˡ
ЦοǱ㹧ˡ
ο˵ĻҲͣ˵ʵڵģΪʺߵ֣ĺ࣬ϲֻͣѵģЩ
ûʲôĿͷǵ㣬ˡ
ô࣬û뵽һܣǾֻ˳ġ
¶մһҲˣ˵ͦϲ֣Ҳ˳Ҳˡ
ĸЩź򣬾ľΪԼʱ򣬶վϣȻʱŰЩҲʱأǶʲôģĸĴ˲ͬ
°ҲӴϣҲţ˵Ҳǰʦ
ЦŻصңѵϵĻףϾ廨Ь˿ЩĽŲ̾治ס
ǲףĽɿ죬طGϧĽ§ȥͺˡ
޸һ֮֮ϣǸˣҪر٣Щб޻ԼŸһЩ
ò˵˭Ľ̵ʱ֮䣬Ҳࡣ
ڶݵʹΪԺá
׽סţζʮ㡣
ЦҲǶˣÿࡣѧ㶫ǺõģѧĶѪɵľ顣
ַǵײǽ֪ڵˡ
ֱ˽Цصǡ
۵СҪԹĻ˵ˣǿ۵㣬ЩǴСŵģûѧ㽿
裬̧طGʱ򣬹Ȼ峺û˿Թǡ
ԽطGۣպ壺ȥ԰档طãȥƣһֱģû¿ڡ
뻹ҡͷҶ㲻ϣȥֻбķݣͷֺ̧֣αء
Ȼ˵ЩˣǹŹӣ˲֪飬ǿһ˵˵׾ףδŮһţЩˡ
طGµ˫͸ֿͰͣԼĹǽˡ
ϾʱЩػҪЩ
ִôΪѸ£طGˣڲУûģҲùܣ¶ǣٲﶼˡ
ڿ⸮ʱǻ˵Ĳ£Ķʲôˡ
˿⸮뵽ѩڣʣˣ
˵طG̲סСţĺչ˰ɡ
ӭһ֪Ĳ٣Ŷù˾ûˣ˸Ȧûչ򣬳ϧѣ˶Ѿôˡ
Ҳòȥжϲѩڣжิӡ
ƼǸ֪Ĺôͬɹºۼת˲ַԶˡ
үʲϵĸ֦͵ǰˣȴֱָ۶ˣ붼ûڵĻš
˵ĸôһƵŮƫƫûϧôʼϵ˸ǰ𣬵Ƕôĺãһ֮ǰѩڵӣûһ䲻õġ
ʣǺúõˣôûˣ˱ǿЦŲϿڣǰúõˣôͱŪûأʮ»̥µĹ                        
лҪ˵ˣǳڣķǳڡ

 82 

еľ, ȫںֻһ, ֪ñˡ
طGҲһ˵Щȫ, ֻЦŽ§, , ˲, 󲻻ǰ
Ƕ·
Ц, ת˵ԵŴůůѾͲˡ
˵ԼҲ̲סͷ̾, ô룬ʵЩ, ⵹˵ģÿ̫, ܾôˡ
ůͣȥǱҲʰĲˡطGҲͻȻһ, СԺСסȴİ, ѡ
ͷû뷨˵аĵطǼ, ִĳء
˵Ͱᣬ˱ǣʰϸֱӾ͹ȥˣǱʲôֳɵģֻճõģر򵥡
һ죬ʱ˫ۣһ˫۾תĶæĶʣֲ֧
ཱུС֣·ˣ̲סЦĸʲôƵãſͣ
ϲôʡ
Ȼˣ
СһģģĴЦѡ
˽ѾһΣŵãĸʱˣҲһ
ЩȻĸˣǴɽСʱǵżɽ׽Բأ˶ŵĹǺ
ţľ¿ɰ˶Ƶãɲּӱųš
˿ãûѶʱ˵
⴦ʯͷȱ˸ڣǹŹͷʯӲġ˵ĸ̲סЦˣԭʯͷǸʯͷ˭֪ôһ⣬ԼԼЩ֣һˡ
ޱ룬Ȼ̫ˡ
ԭӦиǧϲﵴǧүѧŪʦǶͷΡ
һʱ򲻹˵һ䣬˭֪׾ôţ¶˼͸ٷְ١
˵Ӳɹһô͵͵Ĩ˺þõ֬Űѷɫ
§ĸίһܾĻôҲ˵ڡ
ɣǹⶺģǴ֮ǧл
ɵѧϿΣһ۶Ӷû
طGţĹȥž;˼Ľ޲ʱ
ꡭЦſڣɰ
ޱĿһۡ
֮Ļĸס˿ڣԺȥˣЩ£ǵ˵˼Щ˵Ƥʱ£Цġ
ȥǣطG֣ڳƵһĸ˵ûô¡
Խô˵طGԽǿ϶ĸ˵ġ
ǳЦӯӯĿڣǣү֪
֪ʲôûʣȥˣطGתԵСһ𳤴󣿡
Ȼǲ˶١
ߣŷ˵ô࣬עʦϣԶԡ
ʲôʡ
£֪ҲǸܣοա
ȡطGӣҲԼʧˣתת͸ίͰ͵Ŀ
˭סûסֻƴƲϵҺʦֲƽƽ
ǣΪڱ˴˼ѵʱУҪˡ
Ŷ𣿡һʵ𣬴ͼϧ֮ſڣ߸ˣôĿ⵭
ĿһͣԷƵģֿһԴطGͷһЩƿԡ
üģϧ֮Цʣʦˣ
תطGţ
˼ˣԼȥ˵ҲǣΪʲôҪͰһȽϣ˴֮䲢ͻ
ʦҴҪˣ޹ط¡ɫ棬бҪȫ˵ñ˴֮以¼ɡ
طG죬Ҫˣ޹ط¡
⻰˵ʵһʱ޴ӱ粵
˵˾Ե㲻˵־öԷҪˣԼʲôĻš
һˡ
мˣЩҪʱʱ̶̿š
ϧ֮Ѿ⣬ЩûκηӦԾǸĿǳӣȲ÷ƽƽܡ
ƽƽ
лҪ˵20

 83 

˼˲, ͣһϲҳ, ã˻
Ⱞԭ˵, ݲ˳С
ϧ̹֮Ȼ, ơôС, ЦһЦ, ޲ðȫ綼
Ȼô˵, ˰ǸһЦŵˣҲ֪᲻֡
ÿμطGʱ, ޵ĸʲôƵãϱǷծ̫, Ⱳˡ
ǱˣȻû, Ҳһһ㣬ԭ֣¸ǸԲˡ
ǡϧ֮Ƽ, ü۱࣬ǰһ, ıǣЦЦ
Ա߶ţ໵һˣҲ˳ֽӹ塣
˭֪ͷ, ҲЦˣСŹϧ֮գϧ
طG
Сӱŵʱ򣬿޵ǽһأֵˣЦĸһ
үǴӰ׵죬Ӻ쵽ϣͷٴ࣬ŻһƵĹϧ֮ûסЦǵɵסָɵչһЦ
˻סпʦˮ㵭ģЦĲȻƽС
ſգһӾ
ﻹŸޣһ̰֣ˡ
طG
ģɤӣˢˢ֪ôģΪˡ
΢䣬Цߵߣסĸ첲ЦɣߣѺӸǹȥ
⻰طGܺõıοǣ֣һˡ
ϧ֮˵ıӰãձһġŶ~ͼźƵô۾峺ֱӳӰ
ǡ
ۡ
ૣཱུСգ̲סЦ˲գǶʱС֣˵㵸
ȥˣǣһȥˡ
ԭҪţǳҵɣһϼƣԳˡ
ոչûãҪ˵ůͣҲûôˣĿǿήľϸˣܷ֣ѿߣݲݼ⡣
ôһ̣˲
ֱǽ﷢ھǴˣٿеĺܡ
ϯضӵϾһѹӢССĻƻ£ھ֮ȴԵøѵá 
ѹӢ˼ͻȻһִ󵨵뷨طGҰʲôģŶ˵ȣóԣʡ
طG֪ԼƽĿ飬ŻŴ˭Ҳ
ͼԷü鶯һҰˡ
ҲϴʱҰҲûֲϵĽ
ͷ磬۲ˡЦ˵ͼطGüͷ壬һϧݶԣ
⻰˵ĴһβεԶԶԣţ۲
⻰Ҳ֪˵˭طGӣϳԼ
ڵ٩һ䣬תҰ˵ʵڵģЩСûɣԵʱ򣬵ѵóһΣ˼ӣˮ
ôãŶóջ
طGûԹ޶棬ҲŶѧӣһһϸıš
𣿡һÿãվЩȷ
һ۱ҡͷǡ
طG򣬲ǾͲǰɣҡ
һ޶Ұˣһе˵ŻʣСʱƤ𣿡ĿɻסЦˣѣº׽㣿
кӺĻ޷ܾ֮ǰţʲôͯ棬Ӷ¥̨µȵȣпڷģʤö١
طGҰ˵Ķһ٣Ȼйġ
ȻѧôϿɵģеġ
԰ͷһСӣ˲ٽ𡣡ŷ˶Ľͺһһһ̣ʮȥ֣˵Ҫ׵ʳġ
һѵսա
ն˵ǷǳȵĳͷԶʤ
ͷ˸൱ǵǴΣΪ˴ӣڼأԭԴӿҵһ£Ȼ˽գֻܴͷ
ǿңޱ롣
أ²ʣ˵ģȫ޷èʱ䡣
ȡɤӣطGЩͯ˵ȤЩ
˰ΣҡͷСʱ飬Ĳ⣬ʱȥƤ
еģкĥľ͵ûʲô¡
˵͵͵İѻʶĿ֬һ飬Ĩǣץʱһ˵Լû
ڶ룬ʱʶƼ̺֬ʱ򣬵ʲôˡ
طǳӰɣھرףʱԼʲô
ûУЩš
طGһᶨĵͷţûС
УҲûС

 84 

ħԻ, طGתˡ
ʵЩûشô˵ô, ˵ԵԺͷ, ϲЩʲô
ӣҡӡѡӡ
ָͷô, տʼЩ, ӣҲǿǽ, Ǽÿ, ͷһϣôѾͳɹ԰ˡ
ɡطGͷ
ԼԺ, ϲʲôʲô
룬Ҫֳɻô˵, ôǸӣ, ЦǺã
Լ޵ķҲǸˡ
طGޱ룬, ݺ񲢲ӷ֣, ˲֪˵ʲôá
¡Ļأ̧̧򢣺Ҫ֪˹⾩˼, вٸֵġ
Ħλϲһ򵥵ķӣôôǡ
ⲻᱻЦķ
˿˼⵹Ǹ÷ӡ
µһ˿ɲ˵˵ѣҲҪˣҰˣԺͷЩľǲ£㹻ճ䵹뷨ˡ
һ£
طGԭ˵ģϸϸĸҪĲ㹻֪Ųǰ¶ڡ
ԽԼ뷨˵ˣô뵽ʷǸӺۣɵЦɣ֪ˡ
еһҰˣֻȥûһͰڿͷү̲סü֡
ô˵ȴڴĽ
պûʺϷСĵһۣأҲûб˼ˡ
ôСԼȥˡ
̤ࡣ
ĻʺᣬۣҲȥ棬˵ȥˣԳⴺζҲǼõġ
ϧĲǻ˵ģô㶫Ȼ͹
ûһ򣬾ͷŹİǰʢ˵İҰһҪ£
˵꣬ͼʺֱӶϣҲӦ˼
ӣͣҰҲ޸ǰͣŹһʱò׼ջǲգֽ˵°ɡ
ȥʺЦЦбһۣƵȻϲһڣ檱㾡ȥˡ
Ȼǲɵģǻǲ˵ģʺǬ幬Űɡ
ȵʱ⾫µʳмһŶһ˼
Ȼŷɲⲻ겻ڵĸŪ
˵νĿԵ࣬ЩǺǵһƬ⣬˻ʺһۣͼԷϲüңסڵ˵Сӣûۡ
ô˵Ҳ֪϶Ǵ˼˷¿ӣֱӵǰյõ
ߵӦȥã㿴źӣеıʾûͣûпĻӾ͵ģת֡
ЩӵĿʺֵֻǮõϵȫϣעСã˵ǵķǳȫˡ
ͳȥһҰ˵Ĵӻľ䱦
ⷿľ̲֮࣬סطGȻû˵˵ȷʺеˣ
£ϺÿʵݣȻܼ˵ģǲϵˣû˹⣬ǰϱˡ
طGָ⣬ʲôҲû˵
Ҳ֪ɵ˺޷ֲģҲûǿֻ֣ҲСҪСЩˡ
΢΢򢣬¶ϸŵĲߣطGתתͼĴǣһ˫ˮٵһۡ
ǡᳰ
ˣ
ֲǵһô
ȻҲˣգŽһڣСȻ֪ˣǿһϸ
طG§§ֱû취
Ǳ㷣㡭ɫɫһطG˹Ŀڣ㷣үһӡ
룬ʲôͷϵƶˣԷһ䣬һӡ
Ŷ̵Ӧһۣ¶̲סЦɡ
Цţȵʱ򣬴֪ԭʱ˵ĳͷЦ²ĳͷ
ĥˣᵽˡ
ݵҧŴߴ٣Щѽ
طGЦ˵ģǱ𣬱ͣ˷ֲǱǱͣµǻˡ
ţ̴ٵһͼ˲Ŀڣ~
ϾǺˮ͸ƵԳůɫ
û⣬ͷ硣
طGˣסӣૣ治֪
ѻѻķ˿󣬰ϸĨκ죬һ˫һ۷ˮ⣬˾͸ƵãôĿ㡣
ĵĽ˺޲ðѻ궼
๫ѽ~ڡ
վԸ

Ъգебϣ񣬰βŵԽˡ
ѧϰڳɳеٮٮߣȵɬ·Ĳ񻰡
佱˲֪ôأطGͻȻЩӲͣ㡢ϲͺá
ŸʲôƵãƤֱ䱡ˣ˵һ䣬ĶӶˡ
Ƽʲôϡָ˲͸ĶЦûٴȤ
ɡڣڲϵĺӣ㶶ҪطGˣЪš
һбϣæ
ɷϵǣÿ°׵ţ¶ʵСϸֵġ
ûסһѣЦŵ٩ְֻܽʵʵϳˡ
δ˵꣬ͼɫΣգǽʵָ

 85 

һγͷ, ô̵ĸܵСۡ
ȸʹ, 뵽ıʣ;, ʲôôʶˡ
ϳˣЦ, ż˲Σζ
°, ĵͷš
ͼطGִս, ʣ֪, ΪϳˣЦЦĿү㲻֪

ǿ㡣
ܣ
Զԣôס죬ʡһЩ޷شĻ
˵Сľ, ḻĵУС
, ͼֵͰ, Ͼֳ˺üˮµūŶ֪
ѧʲôȿڡ
һ⻰ⷽ򲻿ɿ, ǾͲˡ
ֹ徭ۡǸҪʱ½, ʱ˵Ϻ˵ǵ˵䣬ǿޣ, õ䡣
㲻֪㶼֪Ҳ᲻ˣͲɡ
죬ĵͷЦɣʼɡ
ֻ֪ۼֻЦŰ飬Ҫʼˣһ䣺нӴ
ŶԷ϶ĵͷһ˾ͺܺãлҪûлҪѧˣϾⶫǸ󹤳̡
Ȼڵʱ˲͹ˣ֮һ˵ﶼ˼غԼĿγ̿󣬱һ䣺֪ͨ
ϸ룬ĵ
ѧңҲܶͷǣټ˺ϸ⣬ѧǺȤġ
СǸʦһϿΣδ˿иӵб˱Ȳõ鼮棬ûطG鶼ûжϹ
ĿһǰŪγ̵õôһֿˡ
żڴס֮ʵܶ˹ڼǰѧҲǰףҲˣǰᵽСԺȥ֪Ǳл͵Եʡ
ºòװһഺˡ
طGûг棬ȻҪɻ飬ϾҪѭֻԺ˲ٹŮ̫࣬ôҲסˡ
ͷһˣǡϾʶʱڿŵġ
ͷɵþȣǱͷˣ
˵ЩǵɣⲻУⲻС
ۣۣ޷ִ
ҡ
̫
ߣ̲סҡͷǡ
񣬴ϸϸͣ˵ԼҪɻˣ²
˵˰ΣʲôɣУܣЩżһӵģЦķߣֻһźģ
ҶǱ˵ʲô뷨ɾͲˡ
ͷһվµͼʱЦ׿֣ԼĪˣȥơ
ʱǣָ֪ߵ˼ԥһ˲Ϲˮһۣ֪ôģһݣ׻ˡ
лҪϻۣԭЩ²⣬Ǵġ
İ²òǲжĲ飬ôһŽǵ˭ŵ¡
ˣ̾ӣװ
˾ƵãһͲ롣
ЦߵһˣҲҪߣҶӲġ
ͷ̲סߺҪѡˣʱѡҲҪˡ
˵⣬ǷǳΪģ͸ˣĴ̲סЦѡ㰡Ҳѧأ
ģѡǰҪһ̵ġ
ͷϵߺȥֱõȻѧˣۡ
ۣǹݴ񣬾ѧһ£ϾݽһСӦҪġ
Ƕˣ˻󵹿ˮ˵˵ž;ˡ
ѧĹأҲһ˵ĹضϣôĹأ¡
Ҳˣһ£ʣûʣ޵˭
ӣ̽񣬴أİ硣
İ磿ܽаĶȥˣһʱɸѡ˭ģλͷǣϣøеʽ
˿ͷźС̫࣬ͻȻ飬һ󵨵Ĳ²⣺İ磿
ı飬ãеĻ϶ȻˢԲԲۡ
š
ؿڣͻȻͲô밲οˡ
ˣǡзˣοһ޸ʰŮˡ
̲סЦ£˵СҪر棬ô޸İģϾǸݿС꣬Ǽŵġ
вһ
ӣûлûоƣҲǻİ磬˸ΣμˣȻŮշת࣬ԸϽʥּôһ硣
˹֣ޱĿرܵĿޣһĵͤʧʧ                        
лҪ˵ˣ֪İǧŮ𣿣

 86 

⻰˵žЩԶ, ʼԺĴ㣬ЩȻ˭֪ء˵Щ۵Ŀ򴺽, Цŵģһ
, ߲͵, ǹѡ, ǸѲ, ǹ, Ҫô޸ǣҪô޽ҡ
Ůƹܺլ, õĽˡ
ҲųĬʱŮӺκѡ, ĸ֮ý֮ԣٻ¼ҵŮҪϸѡ, Ѳ⡣
õġڰο
ȴҲ֪û⣬뻹ð귢չ
˳ɻ, һֱطG, Ȼڿֲãλͱңɼ
Ǹ鲻ãһɢôûеͣ, ŮӵλֻʷһϿ
ЦЦҲƼˣ۰ˣӸôô
֪һˣıӰ
䡣
գ֮ǰûж룬֪ԼǵŮʱЩ㷭ӿ
Ρ䡢ꡭԵļǲס⼸գֻҪ崩С˵ģûв֪ġ
ͷԺһɵЦûôɺϵ¶
ȼ֮ʱһ
طGЩĪͷɻĿ
ǣ˶ǴӡжٸŮˡ
طG
ʲô֣֮ûסʣˣ
룬е£ҪҲ޴˵𣬿뻹ǺһŤͷߡ
طG³ˣһ֣ԷҲЩĪ޿κεĴʲô֪
ӰҪʧھͷطGϽϣ𵶵һӵĿһֱŴβŵʣˣ
̣Ҳø֪ʲô
룬УΣεңЩ޵ңҸǰҫ
˵˵ţЩˣǰһš⣬ݺݵתȦˣҾ͡´طGͻȻ֣˺Լ˺£˵˵Ը⡣
죬ڵһ䣺 ԶҲ~
գһ˲䣬رཱུǣطGĸζ§סνͣүѾȢɲΪġ
ʮ嵽⣬ô󣬾ûԹôĿͷΪȥڲᡣ
˵ϣΪǵһ˭ܱȵɫ
ӣЦһѣЦҪȻ˵ҵ~
üЦһһ䶼Ŀ˵妣ı飬Ҳ޶˵͸¶׺˿Ȼݵġ
طGüӡһǣȵᴥת˲ţƾ׶˼ϣҲܺõİĵĲ
йµĿʼǼġ
ҪԲǲβ裬بʱ⣬ʼƽǵ
ͯ±֧飬Ӻ͹Ҹһ쳤վõģҸ
£үڡطGĹڻϸϸԡ
Դ˵ʥּҪʱЩ겻طGЩС˼ȴҲ֪Щܣġ
δ˿־ģΪδ֪Ҳ֮
ҿԼƣϸϸ·ӣҵСѽʲô¡
ɻ鰡ǰԼɱȨˣƾŶԷģԼδ
Ȼʲô˵ģʱһҲʮ꣬Ҳ꣬˳Ϊһˣ¶ĺ뱲ӣ޷֮ء
ǻӡ
ǻϵĶӡ
뼯ȨƵ롣
ӡҧҧݺվֱһѽ˵ϺҿţֻһˮŷŹ
طGһֱıСĵպ壺үɻ󣬾ͿԹүԱߣѸˣƣˡ
ޱ顣
ﹰ˹Ƕһ룬ʱѪ
ʱǸûݸʱҶҪ밲ԺӵС˰ڵźҲ
Լ뷨˵ˣͼطGͷ۵üģүοãžͳ
ֱ˲֪˵ʲôˡ
һۣ֮ǰд΢Цٴγˡ
طGͷƤһС룬Ѽӣܲٷɰɡ
ԣһүء§ĽЩͻȻͱĽŸȾˣ˿ȣҲʼ󴺽ˣһԵȥָǺãֱǸ⡣
һۣɵ⿴ƽ飬ʵҪԡ
Ϸޣտʼʱ򣬴йͶĥĿʱ⣬ֻǲ֪ʲôʱ𣬾ͻȻ
һգҲϲĸңҲùӻңȴֻԼáһڣ˵Ŀ
ʵȴǣ˵ˣأҲͣ·
طGЦЦĿһۣһҲôˣ˵ٷְٵ˽⣬Ҳˣһڣ֪˵ʲô˼
ġ³֣תֳ
ԭѾһˣ죬һ
˸Ƿһѣֱ˯ˣʥּǵԡģ˵ǳׯء
Ϊ˯ţ˭֪ȰȰһ֮˯ĸ𣬾컹δͱľͷգεʣ㣬ʲô
죬񲿵ôҲɡ
ЦҪױģЩ𡣡ʽһ㶼ܴ磬ææģʱ㰸ںãҲʱˡ
Ҳû˯ãһ˵漴ͱۣʩΪ
Ѿˣ֪ԼҪʥּļ޸ɣȻü̹ȻֲסͷʵǸסģؿ졣
һԵطGȴ֪ôƮƮģΪѾĥˣҲãǰ˵ס˺ǰҲӦġ
үˡ̧ߡ
ʥּƸҲûʲôзŮ˵Щá
ĵͷ߾£Ҳû
˽ʥּðھƽӴıͣ˵æ
ʢտšطG룬ǰˣ۽٣ʱŪġ
ʢӣҲЩ
ͷرĳ˰֣ʾûУ򱡴طG˻һڣŴյӽүˡ
һ£˶б۽˲Ⱦϼֱ죬ĺһۣūŶ࣬û˵ʲô
֪УǵôյĽ˵ûýܡ
ǡ͵͵Цеøѹѹס
ӡһǣطGŸȥֻ΢΢ҡεĲ͸¶ȸԾţҲЦУõΣҲûеġ
طGֵá
Ц룬ôһ꣬ԼδΣǷǳġ
ıӰڳһΣ㳹ʧǰЦջ
ʥּҪΪޡ
лҪ˵20

 87 

, 紵
, ͷӷĿȥ, ûнࡣ
Ƶʥּϥϰ, ͷС, Щ, ʥּ, 뵽ô񲿹Աʥֻּøһ
ͷʼҵ, ¾ʹ󸣽Ѿ޽ǰЩӸ˸Ů, ⣬δ, Ů
̫δţǺһʥּ˵, ҲǴա
ʣµĻӶһˣôһ, ˮʲôʲôգϴϴ˯
ôһ룬һǻ뾡ɢˡ
, ϯѹȥӦһ¡
ô˵Ͼ⣬ͷûдˣʲôһ֧Ӧţ֪ͣҪߵʱ򣬹ȥ֧ӦһҲӦġ
Цɣߡ
߳ȥЩϤףﻹЩпĶ䣬ǰԸҲһԭƼǣԼĸǲΪʲôôûˡ

ܶˣЦ̣ûһȫм䴩
ܾûˣҲܾûˡ
һ۾;ˣСѩƵƯû뵽ʧ˸ĸһ㶼ûгᣬԾ֥ϣҲǽ
˵ҲǣҪһƶô㣬ܼ޽ʼҡ
Ϸ޲ڣ˾е֮ʣҪǮƵðò˵ʶУûκ˱޵ĸˡ
ǿǻʰ磬ƽҲҪһݵġ
Ǵӣʯȹէһƽƽϸ;һˣûз弼ɴϣ߹ŮЦһЦó
ͷϲͷ棬Ķ飬۵ĵ䣬ֻѹأǶڹ˵ͷΡ
ûʲôо;أѹͷƤ
ЩˣϽͷժˣѷپˣžЩбϣһûһĶŪǡ
Сûţһֱ棬ɸﻵˣСһֱͷ죬޲ֱԼߡ
ǳԵ֣ƫƫְ˶ԼϹȥģԽˡ
һߵèĸʲôƵãҪȷ·ƣǰһһػصߡ
ʲôûע⣬ͿǻɫβͼڸǰƣŬ쳤ȥץèһֱǰߣһסһסĸʲôƵá
Сһţ˳ǰһأһԲһ£ʲô´½һǰƵСβͶ˲ˣСһһŵġ
žЩ
ǼģôҲ֫ŵأëëһǰһһܵģſֵĽ
˵ǺгЧģղɵĵطѾһˡ
ǰͷҪȥûܣûΣʶ
ǹཱུգ棬С˵ģɰˡ
һ㶼ûһǰҪȥ֪ʲôΣвΣеģôԼǲġ
ץסһܶôһأʱֻصԭء
ǿ˿ͷŵèֿ˿Լڵλá
ίͰ͵룬Ǿίˣ໵һͿˡ
ȷʵѹˣʱЩ飬ŵĽͣԣȥͺˡ
һСߺĿޣһһһܵǰſˣĸûסһĸαĺˣôˣ
һȻĴĸһӵĻںͷˡ
ҲǼ谮ӵģ裬ĳ費һ
ֻҪǲѰǲǵģԼ棬ѰĺţͦôµģĸԵûôˡ
ôһӣʱʱ̱̿ڻһһι̵Ĳǡ
ÿÿЦҡͷԼͻˣԼͻԡ
˵
ĸһ̾ҺǴϻۡҪȻôǰ;ϡ
ϻ۵ǣڷܶǰѾϰÿοץסβ͵ʱ򣬾ͱһָק˻ȥ
Կ˰죬ԭشתСһգͰ͵̧ʵЩ벻ͨ
УôŬˣôҲܴܳ⣬ҶСˣ˭֪תơ
ǵӣ̲סЦԼĺӣǶɰģĴ۾ɻ޲ðĶ
߿ȥ档ڷӦΪʲôôŬˣԭʹ㱧ȥ棬ĺ棬͸ˡ
ȻܶѾˣ˴ĻƤͿʼƤܣԵɵɵľҪ˯
дźϼСͷһڣ̫߳ɽ~ҼҵĹԱ˯~
Ѿǲԭʲôˣôһ˳ͦԵá                        
лҪ˵˼ҹĸ~
ģ~

 88 

طGſ, ŹӰµĸӶˡ
Ȼŷ֣ͬ, ʩ죬ĺŸ, ̬װ, ޶˵͸ּ͸ǿ, , ޷Ųߡ
ǻᷢһ
طGֶ, ôĿֱǰúãǰ, Ŵһȥ
ʥּӵˣʣü, ûת
ĺãپ, ȴüۣ۳ֳʲô̬ÿˡ
ĵͷ, սӵʥּǵӼѾȥˣ̹Ȼ
ƸѾ, յⷿͷʱ̡طGҵļҵױԲƸǼױ, 񸮱ġ
ʱ򶼳Ϊ˽˵ôһ˲䣬ͳΪˡ
˵ЦˣǮǮνҪϲˡ
֪ôģطGܾã仰͵ǰݼһǷġ
ɵĿһӯӯüۣʲôû˵ܾûȡ衣
е˵ţȥԺ￴һӣźĿڣҶˣ⻨û
ССһѿߣѳ໨ǶǻǶ仹ѿ͸ַɫȴԲ˼
طGҲſһۣεֲ꼻ת۾Ϳˣܵ˵էůģǳ
ôǿһյĿľ뿴ʵĻľӣһװ׵һţǽۺÿ
ǲй㣿ӣֵܾĲôԡ
طGͷǣ˼ļ𡣡
ƣȷʵССĹԼԼͰ͵ľͼ䣬ֲԹ𻨵İԵҲôԼԼ
ʵĹ𻨸ˣô𻨣һء
ôһССС⣬˾ôҪˣҲ⣬ÿѽҲ⡣
СϵģϾ͵ʱˣˡ
ʱ²ͣǸԲ󣬵ȻҪãֵĵط֣ݵĵطݡ
ûǵʱǽһûж⣬꺢ӣظ͵ģƨҲǻԲ֫ϸϸģ
գ⼫ˣԼ
ǸòСŮ
Ż
ûסתطGһˣһڣЦڣ׻˵˱Ȼҽǿˡ
طGͷϸϸĴ⼸֣ȫģ˵ĽޣҲ˼֡
ǣ˱Ȼս˵ڡ
͸ʶڵɫдɳƣˡ
رѹյһͿ
ܳ곤ˡ
̫ˡ
ú
ﵯĻķ𣬴ȴмģȻĶ˶̧طGһƽĿڣҲôá
ǱƤû⣬ԡ
طGһҭװס򢣬΢΢̧𣬶ס΢΢ӣ
޻ȴл㴫綼Ⱦ˼һϸϸӴϣ΢ƾܣܻӭҲƬ̹
ѽĽѽֿɰ
˹űò񫣬ֻ̳븹Դ˹Ѫڣٲ롣
˸սܾôһ˲䣬⡣
Щָֻᣬڿ⸮Ĳӡ
ȡһݣż⣬ֱӶסĴ˵˵
һǲǾһǡ
طGױõˣüһû~
Է˹գĿڣɣòŶιҡ
ĽĿˣһһǷ֣ɤ˵޶طGʶʱſǽͷһϸ红ͯһͳų죬ҲԼǻ
ƣǰ۴жһָŵĸ㣬Ӧģһƾǹ͢ʽµһָͣ׸ǴС˵Ǯˡ
˵ò
طG룬үˣôôŮˣԼŮҲС
ԡü͵Ľӹģιʳ룬ЩԶֱӽ§ԭ;µĸ㣬Եˡ
ƣü鶯ҧѽҪι
ԭҪιֻ˵ƲԣطG룬ССĸߢڴݼ䣬ԷԷչ֪¶ˡ
һһιţ֣Ͼʱһֻ֣ոŴܵĸм
Ե㣬ξЩʣˮˮĿУ˼Զ
طG룬үˣү˲赹ˮĻ
ԡ治ɫյСĵĴ˴һ¶ȣŷŵǰʾ
Թȹǳ㣬طGҲͬʱסϵһӡ
ԡ
ԣ
ŮһطGЦЦݵӰֻҪԣ޲ֱӸι
̫СˣЩֹӴȻǲߢιģطGЩźȴͣһֱš
ʢľսĻүСʱʵҲֻʱѿԼ˺ü졣
Ҳһֳͷֶˣﲻ⣬ҪӰңССͣжйߣҲŪ˺ۡ
ղŹ￪ڵʱ;Ҫ⣬˭֪үüͣһ˼ûС
޶˵ģǾ롣
ôͬȻͬģԼ͹ȣǾȡ衣
ͷԸȥһһڵˣͷ̾ˣүҲͦõģǰ˼ζ
Դǰ걻ү˵ˡϲŭүɫһһڣһһɽ˵Цˣ滺ɫҲٵĺܣˡ
˹Цģ֪µСƵãʵ磬⣬žľ
˵ʢЦ滢һƤЦ֪ʲô˹֪ʲôЦ滢նЦģżϲ࣬ʵˣµūţϵүϲмӡ
Ŷڿ⸮ǼԼĪûӡ
붫ģȴѾͷʲôûУ
ڱϣǸ⣬طGϣֱͷ⡣
үһʣδйˣ㵹ͷһطGͦͦĵĻء
ڵСۣͱƣ֪һ
лҪ˵

 89 

ý, վǰõĿ̣һˡ
, ûסЦͳʱ, ׳ʵЩ, ļܸ˰ٷְٵİȫС
ԭϸ徫µҲ, , Գζ
Ҳˡ
ɷϵ, ̬٬̶ܴžһӲµ۾
ǹͷ˾٣, ʱһ˵Բ
ЦЦа׵ָ, ĵؿһڣЦӦ, ʲô
ԭǣǹǧ̬ȱȻ
һ˾Ķ, ǿľӲ治, ˣһǻѪδĻţ˵þͲ
طG, ôѧŴӹ˹գͻȻЩãȻ޴
˵Ҳǣݶ˵鷳Щ͹䱦Ҳûϡ
ǮǮνҪˡԺͻȻ仰Լƺˡ
ü䣬¶һĨЦֿԳִ
ȻԼԼˣԼֱֺ˲֪˵ʲôá
˵С뵽Լôģһ죬µĿˣɣҶˡ
ԻҪױιι
طGͷüĿӯӯˮ͸ű죬һӾˣգܹЩãЩ˯
ѹֲһ䣬ʱʩΪ
⻰ЩԣһʱֲʾˣǶԷӷϣһõĶû
׻һ£૿ڣҾǶӶˡ
طGĮŶ
˶һۣԷ̵һתտʼôĲ֪Ȼ뵽һȥˡ
ɲһ𣬾ú¶
һôˣϸʱ䣬ȴӵ
ƣԾĸпǸˣôһôãû˿ĸо
ôȻһӣͷС¹ײһͣ˼ûС
ؿڣЦò˵ʻĸоİˡ
ǰڵҰ˲ʶϢ˵ϲطG
Ц϶ϲģôʹͣѾԼ˼ֱ׵ı
ҲطG֮⣬˵ϲˣȥŪһ㡣
ãϽȥơڳȥҲڴģΪʱһɻ飬˸ۡҪĳͲˡ
Ͼ˭ûżˣʱλߵƤӵ£Ҫ֣Ҳܹˡ
˵߾ߣ룬˸Ŷſӡ
طG򴽣Щ⡣
ҪǰѺӱϣҪȻͷûµˣЩġ
ǴŸС׸ôˣ
طGǾܾųȥڸʱ򣬴СԶЩҲö࿴
һǲ͵˵ǣˡ
ȵ˳ǽʱ򣬾ͷ·ϴٹ˶ЩЩ·ζٹ󸾡ŮУֻһƽƽҰأͻȻôˣʱЩ졣
⡭ͻȻɷˮˡ
ȵطGһˣ֪ˡ
黹ҪһҰ˵𣬻ʺҫ밲Ҫһᣬ˶֪⾩ϣлʺϲҰˡ
زҪҰҲҪҪ»ʺϲҪǣҶʶĸ
ѵˣЦ̣һ׶û͸Ŀˣƫƫüۼһơ
Ŀ͸ȴΡ
طG˴ӵȥһʱԶˣЩǵģҲеڣݣǴọ̃˵ŵ
ûйЩࡣ
ǰЩѧصĸܶԷ˵ʲôһһӲ磬޾ִٸС
󷽵Ӧģò˶סͷ
ϾǻʺĶϱ˵䲻ģŻ˭ҲҺ˵ǲΣؼҹţʲô̬Ⱦ˵ˡ
ЩźĿŵϣô˵Ĳ̤ȻҰˣҲǲˡ
ܰס
ڳ˵ݰ𪣬ڴҫмͨ͸Ȼ
ÿ
پµĲ񻰣͸ż־ϸ覣ˮϲϲ̲סüۡ
ʵЩҹģ˵ҲǴ˼ң˲ŵʶˣųɻ飬ǰ󶼵ߵˣضд
үﶼţȻҲҪ
ضʵˣϡ
һ۾ǾޣǼģŴ󻧣˭ûĵòҡ
˺ǲͬģЩˣȴ֮ģֻ˰ļϣһüͷ
iвʧׯвʧ
Ȼɵʣ˶һƣҲֻܿ                        
лҪ˵ģүĽ
ߣǵĽ

 90 

ͷԽԽ, طG¶̤ͣ, Ӧġ
˵ô˴һ, øᵳӪ˽ͷ, Ӳˡ
ü, Χ˶ʱ, һ, Ѹˡ
һߣŮҲˡ
һʱ䳡ֻʣˣԼЩ, ЦЦľˣЩۡʶȵĸһԼ衣
طGݵλ, ʵûбҪЦ
ͷһ£̲סҡͷЦ, ͷһξĺ
ЩȻСЦȺ, ȴУԼݵλ, ʵܡ
ǳɻʺˣԣǸӡ
Щ벻ףµ, £򲻿޵ġ
ƸΪޣ檡
ȻںЩǲɷϵǣʱ¾ôء
ǣۺӦ̫ˣƵóطGȻǳԹͷģǿͷͻʼԵøⲻҪ
ܽ£ֻһܣǾԺͬһʱСðǷ⽨ɣ³ˡ
ҲҪԷлȨӰ쵽
ѵġ
ΪʷϱΪǧһ۵ΪŮ˶ʱ˵ľٶ
ɫǿҲʺһء
ۺ֣˴֮Ĭô˵˭Ӱ˭ˡ
뵽ԭ˻ı
طGǸһĻʺ󣬶Լ뵽ˣ־ãܲ´ˣϾЩˣȻǹŴˣһ㶼⽨ǴԽˬ
Ŀǳǰհԣһ󼰡
ǿͻʺ󶼲ˣǷ⽨ֱأȻЩվǲ¡
˼ǧֿһطGԼ粢£Զ緢ƵţҪطGʱļ䣬ڵĶԱȡ
ʵĶˣȷԸϵĲʵ㲻ʲôϾôȥȷʵı䡣
Ҳ˵ϾСôģһжмѭ
£˽˽ʺ󣬱ϾҪദҶʱиûвʲôнһΰĶ顣
طGЦ§£Ժүء
˿ŮˣȰˣֻҪ㹻ӣ֮ġ
ǰͷȻ˶Ҫһš
ۼģطGͷ֪ףҲԸ߸˱š
Ľϸ˳ݡ
˵С쵽ʱ;öǴ׼ĺǳ㣬տӶˡ
طGȻҲ֪ģʢѾС̫࿪ʼ֧ˣѾ
ʱūŰʳ͹һеĵ㣬ĸոպá
һ²ˣɤӣڣԵ
ôֿʼˡ
طGһۣһ㶼ԣǿ˼²ˣԹԵĳˣЦĻ֦ҲյôϿɵøүҲ
ô˵ԵģҲʲô
طGĵĸ⴮ˢۣǽƵɫһۣЦˣΪԵģȻҲ
ⶼֳɵģô
һʱûշ⿾ļˣۣ˺޲ðͷ̽ȥ
ţ⴮ҲҪϽڣ˵ҲһˣҲС
طGЦЦĿһۣȻʲôû˵˼ˡ
æͷҲٲ˵ģ¶ƭտԣҲǼõġ
ԱˣطGſʼŸԼԣ룬ЩԣҪٸʰҲһ㣿
ôͣʵЩΪˡ
һЦⶫ׼
ʾūŰֽóŰͷõ⴮߲˾ǵһͽȻˣ΢ӵ𣬳Եĸպá
طG΢û뵽ȻǳԹģⶫװȻû⡣
ɣʰ͹ȥһ⣬ˢˣԲԾûôҪˡ
ʢСӣһᣬӰūôõζòΪԼҲܳˣҪʥԣζڱӼƣƫƫûķݡ
Ƚ֮˵⣬ʢûŻϣټˡ
ɷϵǣǳɫ٣ʵǰһͷһﱲû
Сӻͦ£֪ѺӱǸ˵ġ
ȻŹ˫ķٵʱ̲ססؿڣͷֲõĲ²ⶼҪûˡ
ûˡ
ԼҪվˣŹǹūĿڣİھ棬ֿ⴮͹Ȱ˵ЦģҪϣ
ֵ׳꣬ȴԼ٣žҪˡ

 91 

ס
򵥵ĳ, ӲǱ˵ҧгݵζ
Ź˲ͻȻЩү̬
һβһӵҰ˶˳, غôǿأô顣
ޱĴ, ཱུĴûе, ֻֽ硣
СӾͲ, Ϊ, ȱһ
滹밲С, ʲôʰ꾴ϣߴߴߴһѣһ䶼ûĿ, ֻһʺͬŻ˻, ʾѻʺ
ԭ˻ۣ׽Ūһ, 룬ɺòײ׽һ㣬ǸŻȥ, òʧ
ʺĺܿ죬κһټ졣
֪, СͶĸɿĵ˫ǲɱĿˡ
ʺ̻, ϵ٣ǰһλòԣһһǡ
ʲôǰһ̲סߣа棬ֽһһɲͽˡ
˹ĳſ⣬⴮΢ȴԵƵģ˵ʵڻڻм䣬ֿ͹ʵͷһ⡣
Щ꣬ĺгʱ⣬ʵйģֻǵǳˣԼС˼ˣ˴֮ƵãĶôѶԷյһӣӵϡˡ
ڲһʹģȴ޿κΣЩһչˣǼ򵥵ܵͣġ
Ŀص⴮ϣóĺóԣűζ
ʺԵ̲סۿôһǧٿ׵ģԭЩ£֪ģ֪ôȥͣЩġ
֮ǰһ仰رЩҪһͯġ
ʵ̫óˣ֣ԹζҪóԡ
ϡ̧Ҫ˵Ļȴ˻ȥģģرԼӵģԾԳ
ҰˡⶼһƬ⣬ζƵã
ϵǸõġĻǼ⣬鶼쵽ˣ͵ǵĿ
ÿɷ񣬶ڶϱǲ۵ģɷϵǣԷЩ£ֱůĿ
̫ʷǨ²ɣôů⣬˾ÿɹˡ
ټϣѺӱϡʱôã˼ٵĻǱͬܶ࣬红ӵ£һֱûᣬǾЩԾ˵ġ
ʱϰΪ¡
ĬˣϮʱ򿴿ǰˣҪȻجεġ
ӣʺЦЦЦֺ𣿡
Щǲһ͵ģͿʼ֣ĵ²Ǹӣһ˺Ͷȵӡ
ͿϸоˣΪ˸õ£ˣܶ鶼ǰź˵Ĺߣ·ţͳһ·ԽԽԽ̲Է⡣
˵Ĺز˵ĹҲ²⣬߶Է·ľͳ˾·
ûôͳδҲûôء
ҲǿԸӼ̵ģŮϵһ飬ֱҵһͿ
ɴȴǶŮϿʱƷΪټϹСô£ɵһͿ
ЩǻʺԸٿģǣʱǨ١
񡣡ʣµľҪ

Զڳǽˣû뵽͵㰮Ŀ⣬Լڽˡ
ⲻһС¡
ҲͰˣƫƫǣûκﱲʱǵĳ֣ǷǳעĿġ
žҪµһﱲԿ϶вһ塣
̲סšü⣬ʷϵĴ󰢸磬̾һ
ʤֺγǵ͵ԵʣǰڲʣܺõıԼʵ
ֱӽóȻʸ֮ģ˵ϺطG飬ǵӣѰﱲӲͬ
طGҲ̲סüǻСһֱûй֮γһֱ֪˶ˣлˮģ˭֪˭ʲô˼ܰίĽġ
᲻á
ʰ굽ʲôѵҪƳȥø̫ڷ絲
ǲӦðһӰˣһţ̫Ϊȫˣع칬û̫ǲรɲ١
˵ףЩ׾ٶ뵽ģʰͻʶȴԸ˼ɣȻǲɡ
һͷȴȥôأôʮȥˣᱧֽ˼ǡ
ȫ֮
¶һĨᳰתüˣǱֻˡ
ԽҪ˼ƣԽҪһӣ֮졣
ʰ겻ӣôӵаȫУ
غֻһˡ
һŭΪա
˶֪пɣǶ֣ݡ
ͷ˾ϣ򴺽رͣ£үء
Щȴ̫ѹһĵͷ                        
лҪ˵ģǲء

 92 

΢¶
ʺⶣ, ҪЩȥǣϾ⺢С, էůʱݲ˿⡣
ЦӦ, ʱ, ڸʲô·ʱЩ, ⵽ʲôɫ, Щò׼
ѡһر𾭵ɫ, ɫһȵɫ, ϲ
ٳС׵ķɫԳֿɰ
˶ϲ, Щȷ롣
طG˵ˣҲЩԥ, βŻǱɫɡʵɫҪϲȻ㴩ɫ, Ҳǻϲģǰ, Ͳˡ
˶һۣӱ˴п˵ˡ
ȵûʱ򣬽ǵ, Լӣˣıȥ
ʺЩ룬꣬ǰδĶУھҪĸˡ
ڳǬеţСﱻ
ȥֵһû뵽ˡ
˴۵С۵ĵţ˵Ҳﱲˣڸǰ⺢Ӳһ֮ǰκһŮģвڵˣһȫµĴڣиıĵ
򵥵ĸ֣ȴôǰһ
ʺЦĿſǰϣӵˣԭǽǵģ˼ֶޣʵ˾ޣ⹬ƼȴȲ֡
˿ĵģȻǾŵСˡ
ʺĿ⣬ҲƲˣҲû˿ɰСӣСཱུģ۵˺޲ֱҧһڡ
Ĵ۾ôĿ
Ķˡ
ʺ֣Ҫǰһ£ַţЩ޴֡
ЦЦָôȥӣȴ̲ס̾һ˵ʺҲˣһطGһزĹ
Ȼᱧӡ
ôطGʱûбô
ȫܣֲطGУͬ
ͷȴЦӯӯģû˿쳣ͼ֡
ʺһʱ֮䣬ǸȡˣСӣɰˣɾ֮ʣҲ޷ݳ֮һ
žͲˣҵĿ͸翴۲޲ֱӳı
Ĳ쳣ߣѹȵĸо֮һӡ
ʺԣص˶أһԣ⼸µĺӣʮﶥˣ˭֪ӳģҲģһͳúá
ʮ˽ءֱһһݶѿһûζ
⻰һʺ̾ĺӲˣôСôأʵ
ͷŸƵáҲŻĽ
ôôϡ
ӳˣʵǲ
طGҲܵˣ򴽣βŵȥơĵط
ҲԷһʱ䣬ʡͷһⲽ
ʺЦͬ⣬ڰʾ̸Ͻߣǣģûôˡ
ǰһţſ̲סˣӾͺоˣȵ̲סЦ
Ĺﰥôƶǻ鼫ˡ
ͷͷŨܵͷ۵ཱུĴ΢΢С֣Ҳ˿
ǡʣµĻû˵ϧû
Щ꣬ҲûŬ⺢Ӿûǣ룬кӣȻҲǲɰġ
ʺȻҲ֪֮⣬ˬʵЦݶɬ֡
ûкһʹûִҽѧʱ޽⡣
Ȧ΢΢ɵЩۣЦתƻ⣺⺢ڹͷա
֪жϲģϲ⺢ӣ߽Ҳǲġ
ʺȴЦҡͷĸܷ룬ˡ
òģҲӶ˵ĸ
죬ԸͲԸɣͷſǣԼɺԵ࣬Ϊ޳ݵЦݶ
ûжĻҲˣ֣ȥʺβϵ飬Сȫ̲סһŪһ£һŪһ£ȫעģԼЦ
ѽ~ĺܿġ
룬һ̹ԼıӣͷŸӵĺ챦ʯ
رĿתһۣǸι״ˣСɰˣֻһĳŻʺЦ
ϲ飿ð죬ʺѳǬ飬۴С͵ȥ
ϧǸģ湻գתǰҶǺģߵˡ
ϵִժǻʺķӣһһã᲻ժҲ붺Сӣʹ
Ǳһ˲תͲȤı
һι״ĵˣϲʲôϲ
Զ׼رԣʺʱЦĸ¸µģϱʱޱ飬д޿
Сֿɾİţ޲ţ֮

˼ˡ
Щޡ
žžž
ڼžĿռ𣬻ʺЩֱӣʲôʱܹˣƶͷˡ
ЩǵİŲŲ¿ŭ˭֪Էͷһŭ˼ûУ׽סԲСף²Ŀڣо!
úã뵱ĳＸӣ֪жôģĺӻһʧĺӡ
˵Ӵˣĸºӵȣ֪ģܰѳĺ죬ɲǳĺá
޹ֺô׳ʵŸü´һ
⺢˵ҲƤӵģȻûֱ˵˲˹ȥšĸȫиһ޳Ī
лҪ˵ǣģ϶ߡ
ûġ
ʺ󣺴ˡ

 93 

˿źӿĲֺ
طG֮ɫ, ŴԺȥǻס, ޽ĺǿ
Լͯһ統һ
, СЩİ綼鷿, ʹĶȥ, Ҳϡ
ǣ, ڹ, طGƵƵףЩǣҲǴʱ, һˣĸͺ֮, ǣҶǵĸо
£ȴ˼
Ҳض, ˶һۣĸʲôƵãʲôתƵ˼û, ֻųǬķ򷢴
˵ǲްɣЩȷʡ
طG뵽ĸ, ֻҪԴڣȻܺס˵ƽҲ˵ߣڳǬ, һġ
û°ɣͳŵĿȵСʱʱ򣬱ȲǬȥ
ⱱǸʲôһ㶼ûп˵ӡģˡ
ֻǵⳤĹɫשǽɫߡ
Ϊׯ²һսǣƼһģĻǶ䣬žҪˡ
һ޷ĸоôһ˲䣬Ϊ᲻
ѽԭҲҪˡ
̲סЦطGЦ߰ɡ
ü̹ͣȻ˿֮ɫƼҲڣЦ밲֮󣬱㺬Цһԡ
طGжɽҲͼ֡
ʺ̲סЦˣ֣Ц⺢ĺãˡ˵Ҫʼʹʹ󷨣ðѶڳֱӵӹ
ӣҲ·磬ֱӴһӣϡ
иģҲиǵģطGһҲȫˡ
绹ţϲǣ⺢ӻ׳ʵؼپ¸Сͯһžϲ
ͷûʺǱԷˣҲֻա
ž˲ˡ
ĺҲ࣬ҲĿͷģͷһ
ʺҲͲ֣ԷʱҲҪţһ̶᲻ɡ
գҲס¡᲻ãһ뵽⺢Ӽˣֱĸηζܵġ
޴ӾܾЦӦˡ
طGüͷ΢壬ȻЩ⣬ڹ⣬߻ʵԶģʲôɣڹͷʰƤӵ£˵仰ѡ
˵ü۹˾ۺƵһ̲סЦЦ㵱ϲ㣬Ҫǰ꣬˭ǡ
˵ףСԽԽϲ
޹ֺʺŲ֣Сӻˣ㡮Ŷ˵Ǻ۾㣬ҪԻһ
ȵ顣
ԭΪ͵ۺţǱȻġ
Ȼʵϣۺѹ˲עȫϣ˹ĳţóԵͷҪ̵

ֲطGȥԺʱ򣬳ԷıǳһѾСԹţȥԺͷķˣŻûֺá
жѿ㣬ɶϵãʲôӦ⣬öԷˣôƽĲ˶ûԹɼǸܾСӡ
룬ΪЩϲ˻ʼҲ
һĿʮֵԲ
Բ
óԣҸ
ŵЦ⣬еĿӻķɿ죬һ㶼Ըر̹Ȼ
ʺȻûֱֱ۽⻹עأ⡣
ǻʺҲǻʶ
ǻϣҲǻʰꡣ
׵ĺӣȻȴҲܵˡ
ϲͶԵ㡣ʺŻϲֵ͡
ı֣طGɶЩʶҲЩζȷʵӻסڵˣǸ
ѵõ׽ûʺʱЦˣŻʺЦҲࡣ
һʱڣ
ɻˣûʺźʱµŮӲһԭֻ΢ĸоǿԷĵüۣǲʱĿ
ﰵɻȴ벻׵ô£ɵð˼ϸϸ۲졣
ھŲҰˣʵĽΪϴҰˣⲻֱ˵ֻػء
Ȼʺ˳ھͽˣɲǣҰ˺óԵĽţǵʱʱ̵̿˼ϰյҲԳˣ֪ء
˼
ɫתʱЦĶޣɲءЦĽӻлʶӹá
̸˵Щ޹ؽҪĻڣűȥˡ
طGԭźʹһرȥʺˣɲɣ׻δɻأסڳǬɡպðǷƤӵ£Ҫ
С֣ܲסطGУּǲԸ
Ҳŵͷò˵ôóԣ黢ĽŸţҲԼˡ
ʺһӣۣôˡ
л˵ۣʱˣôϲˣֻҲǲʱʱĴӡ                        
лҪ˵һ᲻á

 94 

˵֮ǰѧ֪ʶ, ôڳǬʵˡ
ӰΣһ㶼û, ڳǬͷתһȦص֪ʶ, ӹŮ̫һһľʼ, Ϊ꾡
, Ľѧ, ȥûˡ
ڲ²⵽ʺǴԽ֮, ܶ಻ĵطܺܺõĽ͡
ΪʲôĻʺ󣬺طGеĻʺͬ
ɲôȫ, һŹ֡
һ쵹ǺܿȥˣĽ, Щ˯ţҲ˵ϴ, Ҫǻ仯̫ûһ㰲ȫС
ڶһ磬Ĺ, ͱСŮϴױ, ױݺ䲻ͬĽҲµʱ򲻺ʣûзء
СŮ֬, ôҲ²ȥ֡
һ£ˣҲ覵ģаߣжҪһ¡
ﲻҪ覣޴֡
ɨһۣԭӵ֬Ȼ˰죬ܾ¾ͦãټӾˡ
ױȴ죬ܾԼļأӦԸЩ
ЦùУβɨһ£ԭ߶ʱ΢´סЩ΢⣬Գ޹ɰá
СŮ̾ΪֹСѧľôһױգ˭֪ҵĸȥˣɲ˾̾ѡ
ЦȴҲû͡
һۣβ㽿Ŀˣβ´
ʱǬѾ밲ɣһһ˵֡
˵ĸˣȴûһݣʵЩźԽҲƣ˲ţûʺôء
ϾڴҶһ㣬Ȣزƽƽ档
εʱ򣬾̫仰һ˵ʱĸ
һֱţԶԶľͼһȵӰԽԽ̤峿⣬ӡһǳɫĹӰĵ
ɣȻȥˡ
ʺԽԽϲЦ֣ɣؾ񡣡
δ°ݣͱڻʺָסˣҲЦǰڻʺߣЦ⣬һ˲赹ˮͻģ
ϱ˴˶ܸһʱЦʺеⶼˡ
ЦŻʺܣŵɶ˭˭˭
˵ҲǺ棬һ۾ͿһŮˣʮͷͣˮɫװôü΢Ƶűвˮ
ֵĲԼ׶ӵĸǺɵˣֵκעĿ
ЦģŻʺܵһһǰ밲
ﰲ~ǰһŵиǸѧأƫƫı˭ãһ
лҪ˵20

 95 

вʧ, ˵ûиõıˡ
˾̲סһ̾, ҲǣӸ, ûмˢ, ûа취ʤ, Ҳ̫ˡ
ЦŴ, ߣһֻŵ, Цôɰˣ̲ס䱦ǰˡ˵֣أ͵ʵġ
ʺƤ, и˭ء
ɲ, ͰĽ޲ðѳǬĿⷿԿ׸, ôԼҲҪԷء̲Ŀڡ
ͷӣҲǣҲǡ
ǿЦЦ, תһȻİִ˻ȥͷ, ճȻ䲻ģġ
̾Ϊֹ
ҶòļЦһ㲻, Ҫ˵ϣҲеģž͸ϣȫ޷š
ô˵Ҳˣ˳ͷʱ˿ŵϣʱ˾ţƫƫͷлʺţҪһϷˣͿξˡ
ûһȫûбֳκǲ֪еһ
ˮ¶ӣز֪ܲȵסԣʵһ㡣
üʲôû˵
λʺܵľͱȽϴˣֻԵ˵䣬ЦŵҺͷȡֿɰ
ʺţԽˡ
޹ֺץסĵģò˫˼ĸܵ֡
һ밲˼ɢˣʺЦŵᵽʲô˵ְڰ֣Ҳ޷ƾǡųӣҲԿ
Ц̣ȥɣԼͬ͹ȥһ¡
ѾңޱժϻףŰ۵ָⷢһʱͷζӣˡ
˺ܶ࣬ʲôû롣
ʮ»̥µĺӣȢˣȻ๵ضûС
ôһݵ͵Ůˣεĸ
İϲȣֻλεĸݵͣĺӣҲݵ͡
С˵ü˳۵
ͷŤĹϵıָֻᣬʩʩȻߣΪ׵Ļʱϱһ˲תЦ
ĵͷò˵ȻԸϣΪиڻʺǰҲʵ˼档
ȻԣƯЦ
˿صǷ磬ȴƫƫֻ˵ò֮ǳˡ
һֱǱС⡢ɫˣƽü˵£ڻʺѿҪ
Ŷ̵Ӧһܵõ׿ϣǸõġ
б¸˵ȥ߶߶ûá
һҭǰһˣʹϢѾ󹬣Խǲ
дԣӶˡ
иϱδȢţӶˡᳰΪ˲ù˵¶ƫƫһعصĶϱź
⹬ͷˣЩػصĴ̣ͷѾϰˡ
Ƶĵ˵ָףźߣүԴͻģҵ޶ۣҲǳеġ
ûϵǹֻҭĻԶԡ
ɢҪЦû뱻Цˣƫƫһ
һʱ䴺ǰעھͷǸˣʶ˻١
Ͼ˭ûԹǵǹ˵Ǽ
ʱ򣬴־ýңҶǷȻµӣȴʱЩ׷Դܲ鵽ġ
һЩСҲǹǵĹ͡
ҪȻƴԽĻʺ϶˲䱻СףǾͲˣһ˵Ǿ磬ûͱ
ڲȷ϶Էôһ֮ǰ
ôһ룬ԷԸǬһɫǹЦͷҲǶ࣬ùһ㣬档
Ϸǳ㣬ִǵĸӼȣӵԭ֭ԭζӴóԡ
ʺĿɿڴһΪ
ű࣬ͬ͵ǲͬİװ
ǹܾܾʺǣﺰǣӲһǣԵۡ
ʵ̫óˣ̲ס̾һҺ̺İײˡ
ڸ˼¡
ǵǳԹˣʲôϡġ
ŻʺЩһһȥЦŵⷿͷأȡñǡ˵ӻȡӡĵĵݹӡǷ
ǲ˵˼ֱӰҽ
һ֮ĸȱЩһļҵģ˵Ҳνģǽ̳һ⡣
ʺޱ룬ˮСײˣҲûš
ɣʶˡʺЦĿ
ߵһʶĿˡ
лҪ˵ʺ󣺰ײˣԡ
ģС

 96 

Цỽһʶ, ôỽһֱĿ
ϲʱ, Ǽµˡ
~Ӧ, ʺϵЦ, ôҲֹסˡ
˵ž;ϲĽ, һʱæվ, ЦڣȻô˵, ɲٵˡ˵ű̲סЦԣ㰮Ŀȥˡ
Ŵ֣һ, Ŀϸϸգô
Сﾫ¼, Ųµ棬һ˫һˮ, ޲ֱӵӳӰ
ǺӰ㴿ɡ
ʺԽԽϲתǣ˯û, ʲô
ĸСӹﲻסЦһſڣ׺ء
ĸǹ, סտǣӦ˲ǣʺЩɻ, ʹһƾ̲סЦ
~
~
СһཱུԲ͵Ĵ׺ٲ֪ǰ۵϶Աˡ
һú档
ʰĸɾ룬ӣСһĨ˳ϲ䣬Сèͳˡ
ΣӸˣСһҪޡ
ջûס׺Ҳ̣ˣĸˡ
ǱüëһԽԽԶ룬ίˣ޲һߡ
~վһ˿С
ǿ޵ĲֺС˹ģȻ׺Ŀ֡
˳С۵ĸʲôƵãûüͼᣬС죬Ǿ̵ͦóԣѿ캿һᣬѿ޸ˡ
ʺ󣺡
Ӷôɰ𣿳ԼԵ˿ޡ
ҪĻںôҲ
ŻܳԡĴ۾ЩԶԣµĺ˵²еС
ְˣ߸ŴתƣСװ׵ıʾѽ
ʺ󿴵۲֬СһڣЩ£ζԣ쿴˿ڻǿס໵һˡ
ӿ޵ᣬٵѭüģ֮ǰϻƣɲǴȿɰ
ʱ䣬ת˲š
ʺ̫ˣûϡ˾Ҫˡ
ֻطGã֪ʲôж꣬ʲôһղ
ôƫƫʱʱ̿ճһԼҪˡ
ڵȵˣֱǣǣŴȲĻȥ
δУطGޱ롣
ȻصСԺ֮ΪԼܿס˭֪Ƽˮգ˱Ͳסˣסϸϸ֫ͷڼѣ޵ζڱǼơ
ģʵ˰ѳֲס
ǰգطG䣬оŵЦվá
ղɰˡ
ô˵ܾɰ˵˰ɣֻƤû˼˵ڡ
˭֪һҲԽˡ
̧ӭĿ⣬ԭ˵Ļֻʣ˲͸ա
ԭĿˣǲ١
˹գģ˵ʲôЩ³ˡ
һЦжƵѩָ⣬һ˿б񿪿ڣ˲ŽйˣҷǶׯ󷽡
طG׽סףʰ㡣һ
˹գ˿£Щֵ顣
ڿգѹȥˡ
ڻʶﴦΣطGʡ
ЩĵģȻԷֵЩһǴСµӡûô״
Թе˵ʱԷãϲûйϵġ
ͷʾһжãҲȷиܣԷǶǶǣһΪһĸѾܲˡ
طGÿɷ񣬲˵⣬¶õߣĸӶ˺ãǺ¡
ϳʲôѼɺãŵѼζˣر㡣
ִƤƤټӵ˿С˵ȣ붼
طGգͷɡ
᲻˵
ʱ򣬲пѼһţǣպѹһѹѼ塣
ȵʱĸ˳һ±ѼצõģžͺóԵĽ
ԵĲֺطGôѹѼצ̲꣬סʣʲô
طGüͣԱˣүˡ
֪˵ĸоˣɲǣŷطGų
ɣԲǡȰſˮرû˵
طGЦЦؿˮôһԲ⣬Ļʵˡ
ǡЦ΢͵ɤĴŴԣյβ׵һ
ѽỽʾζʮ㣬ǿѹѹ־ͱǣסˡ
ҪҪ˦ѣǸ⣬̵롣                        
лҪ˵㱻ֻ̫꣬ûôˡ
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 97 

˼ʵǶ
ڴ, Լ֣ϵδȥ, 죬֡
طGϴɿ°, , ޳ָ, бŴ
˻˻, Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼ, §һ˵С
ֻδ˵Ļ
ֻ˵˵ţû, գ۵Ĺ˯ˣ֪ͷʲô, ΢΢𴽽ǣЦ
طGЦ, ҴҴǣҲ۾˯
ڶһ磬ǵѽѽСû, ĸһžҪ, û취ֻñ˴
ѽǺټĸ˯ģŸоϡëëһ, Сֱ۾
ûûصİȥ໵һˡ
ӡѣͷЩ£۾ͼֵ֣ĵĸʲôƵá
طG򱡴ûסѵˣҸĸ
ĸӣһĻѵЩ顣
ˣ£
Ǽӿˣ۾С죬һ֪Ҫס
ֱҪȻˣ˵һڡ
ӡУǲСģϾЯϸСһܿס
һڲףҲ̲סСװ۵ģ˿һôϸĴ˼Ҳ޷ﵽĸ߶ȡ
˵ԿĻƤϸְףǼûвģǸӤ׶Ǻʤ㡣
ĸȥطGһԡ
򣬰βɤӣѶ˻һ
ȻʧˣһĶûС
ȡף쿪ڣѽ
˵ʲô
š׿԰
̧̧򢣬Է׹ҪҪܻӭһ£˭֪һж̫ࡣ
§ң§㣬һֳһš
һһ¸¸¡
طGޱ룬泳
ȵ湻ˣˣһڣһڣֵˡ

ᡣ
ˡ
СôСͻע˲ò࣬ҪһССĽˡ
طGӣͼֻʷʵèҲˣŤԲĹĵСƨɣر𻶿С
ɫСצצڽŵϲ˲䣬СİŴأͷУ˵ǳĹˡ
طGޱ룬үվǶһ
ӿɲɣģܱ˸ռߡ
ཱུСӣĻ˵ڣһϲܳøЩ
һվе룬ʲôⲻ
ȥôôôôһ㶼棬˵ֻҪ˶ϣôСĺӣκҪˡ
طGһҭĸӻ֣ʾѺӱȥ
һ֣صǰ⺢ӹȻҪ๫Ҳܶ
΢ǲŷӦ쳣ô£ɵúߣɡ
硣
ҵ๫ȡ
ЦõĽͣ޹ϵУȻ˹ϵΪأǺӳֵĲ࣬Եֵʱ򣬻ӹעһ㡣
Լŵװף⡣
˭֪طGƵһ䣺Ҳɣֻүġ
Զԡ
ţġӦر𣬺ԥ
ӦˣҲӰء
浱ӦɻıɹԱˣôܣɷϵǣȥͷһȦˡ
ͷֶţž;ۣûš
һûףҲ򲻴
طGһôãԵĲ˵е̲ס򱡴һ̤ǰ
ܵѹȸУ̧ȥͼۣǺڳǳѹȸУر
ôˣ鸡
طGЦЦ᲻Ļȣƫƫ͸ֱ
ԡ˹ֱֱ̧Ķ˫
ӡ
ᡣ
ѩ׵ıҧҧ꣬;áһʵȣֱǽǡ
ӿϱʵǽڣ˸£妿ڣô
ֽǣռˡ
طGɫ̵Ŀڣôô˵΢ָʱ򣬴ãԼЩá
һַǳΣյζ
ڵʿˮԲ۾޹ĸ硣
ǡǣֵͳȴƫƫ޼ɵĴһ
ֵúõģôͻȻڻЩš
ŵĻں棬ͼطGָָЩȵĴչ͵˵ܣΡ
ͷҡĸ˹ƵãܣĽҲĽ
ô˵ȴطGֹߴĵĿڣүֻҪġĻͱζĸˡ
үϲ                        
лҪ˵20

 98 

õĸֱ
طG, ǹâϸĴ͸ҫµĳ¶
ż, ϸı۰ססĴ, һЦ
ķкܶ, ѡֱ˵İ취, Ȼ˵Ĵ, ǲͶס
ȻԷá
˴, ѾЩȣбһ˫һʢϸǹ, ô˭ߡ
طGһ˲, ҪŹת뵽ŵͷ, ǵֹˡ
ǡһۣû˵ʲôת, ȻҪ飬⸮ۡҪ, ټƷƣ黹ء
ᣬʵ򻶿ţЦȥȥ, ͷָء
ìܣƽƽһζԻиܵȡҪ㣬һҲ޴ӿڡ
طGԺŴǰرգĵ˫̲סЦţ̰ᣬŰ߾ͳɡ
ӾˣŸ࣬޵׶ġ
תֵСЦĽǸСʳζһӾʹ鸡
뵽Ŵ˵ҾָˣôҲҪİѼҸ
ĴĲһ˵ˣЦرеèɵë˳ָ
ĸƼè£ܾèҰ䲻ץˡ
ŵ㣬һ£°̺۾ͲˡеȰ
èɿ֣űߣһ߽һƨƨ
Ϊʲô˲侪ˡ
һֱûעèԱ֪ˣһСкԼϸСȸȸʱĶһۡ

ܾԼȾˣҲ֤ݣָоǡ
ԼǰС˵׹ΪʲôèС㣬èˣ̹ʱôС²Ƕ÷衣
è~
Сɤôһ飬ϽˣֲͻȻĺճˣ̲ס£ѵͯϱ
ǸµĲ²⡣
èҲǴͳˣĵطģҾûϹè
èҰҰ˵㣬ץһѺ֣ﶼţҲ᲻ˡ
˵ţèźȣֹˣɫСͷţȻҪḧ뵽£ԥ߿ˡ
¡
һֻè
һڴ˲ʱ˲ˣ̫Ѩϼ
ԭǷͺüˣÿ¾ʲôһ껨ʮǾǲԴƽӡ
ûʲô׬һһ
أÿʮͷⶫҲûʲôء
ʺϲǸ˼ҽˣһǷֳˣոϲ顣
һֶһټϻʺҵǣⶼ˵ˣŵΪʺ󰮳Եǣ϶Ǻǡ
Ƿﵽ˾磬ʮ͹˾ȵģھȻʮ
ؿ侲ܾãһ˺ܶ࣬ɾԽʱҲԽִһװ⻰˵ڣ룬ǾûʺϾġ
˵ž͵밲ӣһԥûУطGͷԼֱС빬ˡ
Ŀûůأôô
׷ʱ򣬾ͼűʣͷŵֽȫС
ٶȼ£±ȻƶˣЩʲݣζڣǵòͬ
ʱʶԣأʲôű׼Χ
һ˵һдгˣüҪԣû˿һۡ
ԭֻǴʸų˭֪ʺ˽óִ͹Ŵ˽ϰ棬ֱӾͿá
춯غûʺ
ȵͣʣδĿֽţһʵջࡣ
ڴʱڿطGЦŴк~˫ģرϲ
ʺˣһۣ˰
Ҫжܣתͷͷֹ˵ˡ
طG
ֿ
ʱԭŲͨϲû뵽˰ΣһƼĶûС
ô£ְŪˣ뵱찡ʺӶǺòװˣûһ죬ˡ
Щûû˵˼ɤӣͼֽһǰһĽˡ
Ƴһģƣһ۶û
طGʰ밲
һҭ̲סӣ̣ıӲǱﵽ̫ӵˣչ¶ͷš
ҪծʱǿײѪ飬˵£ܵ졣
ϰ˵һ·ӣǸΪΪġ
뵽ȥЩˣһҭһ绹ܹܲˡ


 99 

Ȼǹȥġ
˼Ŀ, ֻطGͷƤ飬ֵĹ, ƿڣЩ꣬޽ȥծ, 뷨Ҫɡ
طG
Ϊӡ
ſװ׵ʾ, ȷʵҪ, û
طG, һʱҲ֪ʲô, ֻǣּ
˵˵ȥʱҲС, ҵһ˼ûУЩ, ɤӣڼžĿռ, ر
ʺȻȥæš
ûд˼ˡ
죬ӵѹȸС
طG, Ȩ֪
Ҳûãʰ᲻˵ʶ, ֺγ˵
Ľѽ
һ˦ߣԼҸܲסôȥ׷ծ, ͷԡ
ͻʰꡣطGǧſӰ˶٣ŷˡЩ㱣ʰֵ׳꣬Ĳ£֪ôˡ
񽿽֮ǰ˵ģͷ׳ݵСл˼
վһûκҪ˼תˣյҲ£ҪĻźıµ׸ô졣
ԹǮҪǮѣ⻹Щӵζ
гԴɾˣȥҪҲܸ˼Ƿ׷ף޶˵ϧ̸̸֮ʲôıϵˣȻʺĻŵġ
ԷĶŵԺһ̾һ۱ģֵõġ
Ժ󣬴ͻʺ̸۲β˶Щ˷ܣһߣһ߶߶˵ţµĿǳˣʵʩݣҪһơ
ʺЦ£죬ϲˡ
ȳүˣʺʣأ˵Ѿˣ㲻ٶʣ²ȥˡ
֪ôһɰСһ첻ж
޲ɱȥһǡ
ּˣʺıཱུĲ˲䣬Цû֣ĸһµĳƺҪСУ޲ھͻС
ЦڣʶǸݸġ
ʺЩͼཱུǷϣЦš
ͼ߬С֣һܾӣȻʺЩɻʱ򣬾ͼһʹҡҡλεҪհһϣСԲһԲֵȥ
ʺʱˣЦô˵ôһСˣҲûô
㰴ֽԣĹ򣬾ͼСڱҵţػصĵţҵһܹ֧ŵĵ㣬Сһһĵģ˾ʹܳȥˡ
ʺ󣺡
ƣ̫ëëˡ
⺢ӻ飬áһ䣬˸Ƿ£ΧߣӼԽԶŽŲק˻
һЦ˻ʶ徻ˣɫ磬ûȥˡ
˵ž͸ˣʺŻѵһΣ˶ûţˣټ˼Сأ˾ʲô¡
ŴȥıӰ̾ǧͻȻһ˵ĸо۽ϸƣǲˡ
ߴߣתˣŻʺ̲סЩ᣺ţ
ʺ˽˽͸͸ģбһۣЦЦš
һҭתͷԸŹȥ˵첻ȥ
ȥȻָ
ʺһҭһۣδ˵ͼԼתˣˡ
ŹɽѾϰˡ
طG֪Լֻһ㣬Ȼصʱ̲סʣסںδҪĻš
Щ⣬ӵĿβŻʦΪˣ˵ֵҲʲôˣޣҲҪųŵģԡ
ݲðʧ
ǴطGգô򵥣ӺúõģͷĻŶŪҲûз
ⱳɲֹŽ⡣
طGô˵̲סĹȴүֻϧŰˡ
ôõ˲ţֻշתŽ˶飬վûˡ
ЩˣǰһһڣϿҵûԵ˼ֻǸ֪һеĵλи׼ͷҲڲ࣬һЩõ鷢
λǶɵģ˵Ǹﶨ
طGɫͻЩ̧̧򢣺ҲҪ
ˣЩʲô
׻ǵż⣬ϺûгĿһڡ
ŶԷ룬ӡϣЦſڣ˶ģƽô
˵طGͺл˵үŮоһҲκθ𡣡
ԼҪǳ
룬޴ӱ粵ɵͷõģġӳͷϣҲˣġ                        
лҪ˵ϧ̸֮ƾʲôҵӣ
99£ףжĳþöûжĺҳþö
Ͷιк꽵Ӵ

 100 

ô˵, ȴΪˡ
Ǹ˲ţΪԭû, ʵЩϧ
ҹ˷ӣûбʵ, һЩõƷʡ
Լﻰ˵, ˵Խ, طGԽ, ôߵ, δ
ȿȡɤӣطGʾ⣬и, ˡ
ЦԽԽڵɫ, ĸµһá
طG룬Ƿ, һ̲ס𴽽ǣ⻰˵ļǡ
ЦЦֵģһǽҹ, ȹϧ֮õϢʱ̲סˡ
⡭Ҫƴǵ, ֪ү˾ˣʱʱ̵̿ĸ£ʵһּ尾
ɿŴ˫׻ǵͷ, Ψһˣԣô̶ûУǱү۸ˣöô
飬ܾĻôҲ˵ڡ
ϧ֮ݼүһӣҪ£ȴطGһˣˣΣ»αǡ
ϧ֮һ˿ȥ룬ӦŴ۹⡣
ϣѡеĶȻǸˡ
㡣
ƷƷ֣ܶࡣ
ҲΪ£Ҳˣò˵ԴǺԴ˼ȫתƵˣټСʵۡ
أû˵仰Ĺ̲סʡ
ͷָָ˼ںԺأϧ֮ͷɷ񱧹
Ц
⻰һϧ֮ʱˣԺߣۿ
ȵ̲֮סЦµĺӣӤϣɫĶӣһôһرģһ紵΢΢ζʱ˵ֻ֡
Ĵ۾ͷӳճӳճѩ׵Ļ䡣
ϧ֮΢΢һЦ⺢ӿɰ
ʱҲʱԼ˺ܾõĻתߺĳС֣Ҫ˼ˡ
СӣζŨֱŵ޷԰Ρ
ϧ֮ôƶĲУһ仨˼棬˭֪Ƕ˵һ
ſôãͻҪζ
̰̰׵ģ¶һཱུ󣬰װԲԲ̲ס΢Цг¾ɢˡ
ǺŹϧ֮ò˵˳ۺܶ࣬һ㶼˾ι״Ҳϲ
룬Ŭľ죬쳤ס
ϣϧ֮Щ£ֱԷһڣתȥ滨ŷӦ
޹ֺģҪôһӣʵ̫ᣬ˲֪ж
Сʾվ죬˹
һڣһڡ
˺гˣֱطGǱ˱죬Ҫ໵һͿˡ
ϧ֮
УҲ֪ô¡
ӡ
طG
ϸ׵һƬŮģˡ
˵ɫжྫʣС̸첲ʾùϧ֮
үߣϧ֮ãŸǣ첻ͣ
طGü˰Σ֪ôģܾ⶯е졣
ת򴺽ŶԷգգۣͻȻⲻǽӣСӿ˼أѧˡ
ϧ֮ٱӣһʱҲϰ߲ˣôһȥĸ첲ʹˣʵԳܡ
ûмǴĻʱ򴺽⺢ӣһ첲ıϾˣΪɣʲôɣһġ
Ǹӡ
ϧġ
Ǵûϧ̲֮סʡ
⺢һֱǣֶûУʵЩ񻰡
ҡͷԼĿԷǳСܾã㿵֣ʺҲǻֵġ
Ƿ˵ʵЩΪˣһ֡
طGԼ죬رĿڣʰ˵ˣСӵȡ˼˵ȡҲûãܽдûСѾˣҲʱҪоء
˵ҲǣȥϹһҲʮһΣֵǻء
ϧ֮Щźôܶһϵϲġ
һ簮ĸס
ЦʲôܺӦͳɡ˵ǻѰȨ֮ңֵҲ٣ԽְλӶ࣬ں󺰵Ҳ֡
˵Ҳܹͷ߿ŶҺӶôˣϽɣ˵ʵû
طGǰԣڿǰɣһλͬߣʵĻһμʱֳصѹȸУ񶼻š
͸£ĲͷȥƢԡ
˵طG峿֣»г¶δôĸо󺣣ֻܿ˿˿档
뵽⣬ɵʺ⼸ĽӴѾ˽ЩŻʺʱ׷Ŀ⣬ƭ˵ġ
һûκθ龭ˣʲôɻʺɵһĵ                        
лҪ˵һݡ
ʺһ˷²ˣ

 101 

ô, ̲סԻʺ塣
С㣬Ļϲ, ܴѧʲô
ò˵ÿһνӴ, Ķࡣ
ЦſطG, ЦСϲʦ, ϸʦ, Ľͽˡ
֪ϧ֮Ҫϸ, Ҳûа취ûÿΪҪλ
طG, ֮ɨβŻɡ
ԭô, дţɶ´ࡣ
Щ, ȴЦĿϧ֮ЦںٲϣȵطGҲŵͷ, ڶȻҪġ
̫ãЩůζ, ϧ֮飬ҲƵãʵ˿ġ
ûһˣ˵ջ, Ǻһֻȡʦ֣ʹĹЩ
ҪߣǸˣСһ׳ʵĸ첲ȣһᡣ
Ǳ죬۾ﺬһᣬҪģĶˡ
طGҲЩסȸˣԥԥĿڣҪס°ɡ
һ紵Ƭɻ£˲תעԺԹԵˣ
طG

ϧ֮
ߣʵǸ⡣
ϧ֮˴һۣײΪѣЦЦǻذɡ
˵ߣһԥûУԼǶϴһĻ̲סҪ
Σ˿ջ󣬿ֻе̺ͿƣΪ˵ޣϧ֮ޡ
ޡ
ϧ֮ǹһĨЦˣҪúõķ£ȴÿƼʱֱѶϡ
ĵƯĻʱʱͿѤõĻ
ǲزסġ
ϧ֮룬ԼĪǹ¹һ
֪ԼıӰڴرɪ͸¶Եı
طG죬ٿЦֻү
ʱʱ̶̿ҪϣһҲָܷ
Զԣõء
˵ʲôʲôֲ
ȡطGɤӣյүʱ񡣡
ʲô֮ʣޱ롣
ŤͷߣԷ˿ӵء
񣬲ɵЦϸĴָ˹ʾǰʱ򣬴ż⣬ˣƵ˽Цһȥ
ʵñŵģе̫ˣвȡķӡ
طGÿɷڴΪӵʱ򣬸첲ֱӽӻ˵ϣȣСǰߡ
ıϣ˫۲Ҷɵ첲һСİԼȥˡ
ȴ֪طGжԳСĽڱϣ˿Ϸ
顣
ԼǺۣǼȴ߳ϸʵ˼尾
յЦʣɣ۲ۡ
ҲۣطGȣԣҶ˵żסŻˤġ
ȻְЩȻصҵʱ򣬶̶̵·̣Ӳ˶סˡ
һʱҲ֪Լ׬ˣⱾ
ߺ˿طGԴʪգʲô˵
ȡɤӣҪ˵ζҪڵĻֿںͷҲ
طGЦΪһ죬ֱӽڻѷųٳһ飬㡣
첲ܵ˼ԣɲɣյģ־͹ˡūǶͷţƼʲô
طGñǼЦɵ桭
Ҳô桭


ЪգԼôҲˡ
ʵ̫Ѿ߶ͷţƴҧҷ˿ԽԽҪŪ
̵֪öֱ࣬궼ҪһΪ
һҪܣһǳٲѡ
طGǴ΢Цı¡˵ſ¶ͷĲˣϸ֬ļγĨ죬ֱɫʮ㡣
ѹѹӣյߵٲү̲סˡڽвϳֲһ䣺֪үġ
˵Ӳ˵ջ
ǰԼܲˣּѵĴӱ޶Ͳסְѽϣֻ¶һ˫ˮӯӯɵһ
Цûˡװޣƫƫһ˫۾ߴӵӳճӰ
طGãǱǽĺãҪȻͱӴˡ
ԣ֡͵Ϳڣ˰Ľǻ𶯴Ц⣬ֱӸܵ۰һοǳ
˹գԸ⿴˭ֱ֣޳ܡ
ԾɲԸͣǼϺҵĲ䣬䶼͸ˣ˹ԣ֡
ƣ˻Լƫƫ֡
ǡ͵͵ڶߣߴɿߡ                        
лҪ˵20

 102 

׻Щ, ·Ƽ˭񶼾ñζ
գֱͦ, ߵĻ磬, ϲʲôʱʲôʱ, κη
ֻ֮, ЦĿ, պ͸
ӡ
ǵõҲǸ, һҪڴǰֳôЩѡ
պ, ˭֪ʲôʱˡ
ǵŵ㣬ˡ
ô, ȥæˣطGʱ, Ƽɻɵߴʣ˸ʱ䣬ʰ
˳ɻǷǳ鷳, ڻУǾ͸ӷӡ
طG, ԺԥѾŪˣǼӰӵϳġ
ܵͷϳģҲûκġ
Ц, ɵЦôȲҪ޹
⻰˵ģֱһ١
̧̧򢣬룬嶾򣬻ΪѼӲˡ
ԸԸޣͷ֪𣿡˵
⻰һȻʲô˵ˣطG
ֱۣ
طGɹȻһЦǰ׽סβЦЦĿڣүƽϡ
ԼŮˣƽʲô
ԼӮЩطGı飬־Լˡ
ߡһĵбϣķе飬ǿ֮ٻȥһ飬ܻвͬҲᷢԼǰӵĵط
飬طG
˸˸ģһʱ䵹Ҳгࡣ
źֹطGҲͣˣϸĶƣĿִŵպŬԣûֻ÷飬һεʲô
ǸʶʱҲ˵ЩϾôҲ֪Ϸˣʱһ۶ѡ
طGôʣЩ죺ԼĸƱˡ
ڵʱŲ޲ϡ
Զԣ⻰˵һëûУڿʱôһȵҪװǷǳѵġ
ɡỽһͻȻ뵽˸ʶʱſǽͷϷ
ӡЦڣ⻨úãūһͻΡ
ӣһˣӻҲˡ
˵ӻ΢꣬Ưã̫ůŨŨɹţ⻨Ϳøˡ
үûмǴĻˣطGء
ӣֱ׳ҹҲһȤҾȥ
õȻ
طGͷЯ֣һͷȥɫɺ͸ֻɫҲͦÿġ
ԺиִʱԽǵϵʱԽҪ棬ڣͳͳȥ͸
һţЩץϹˣʵЩڰˣֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
ֲָ
ġ
⻰Ѿ˵ˣҪȥԴĻôҲ˵ڡ
˭֪ת̲סԭء
ǵĵƹ׺ӳյϼλãѩ׵ӻҲȾϼ졣
ߴѤõӻתطGϣжᶼҪˡ
ʱ˵˿ס
ɡüĿӯӯỽԭ飬ӸǺǹ⣬ҫĲ񻰡
طGЦ§ûϴԣֻҪ㣬үʲôԸȥ
֪Щ˵˲£ǲ²ģȥԼУҪȻƶصĻôȥ
˵ĶⳤģȥҲǾ׾ٵķ֡
ѽطG̲סỽ
ͳдŴԣˡ
һڽסĿڣɡ
һǹ⡣
üۼ䣬ͬʱǺӣˡ
طGĹϸ͵֫ӰߣûȻʲôµģȻ־ǻΪ룬ҲΪԼˡ
ʼʱſǽͷǵ󲻹ǹ󷴵ˣֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
˴֣طGԼ§§֣о⣬ŵүȲˡ
ˣ̶̰˸µʱ䣬޷
ԭЩ˼ʱ׻˵ĺãһһգΪʲôҪȲ
طGڴ˫Ҫ˵Ļʱ˿ڣֻϵҲǡ
̶֣ûг⼫ˣȴطGǹõЦ
ģЩҲӦˡ
ˣɫˣȥɡֹǲ磬£˵ŻҪˣһ綼ˡ
Щᣬȫ¶һƬţֻЯؼֻʣ˵ĸоر
̧طGüۣһЦҪ
Щ˿ڣܺʣҲ̧ͷȻǴˡ
Ҫ͵͵ʡ                        
лҪ˵ģү
ӡ

 103 

Щ, ûζĻطGȴŨĻͷʹ
áǹǳЦ, ҹɫУ˫, ᱧ, һ, Ͻס, ɵЦˣ, үˤˣҲٸߵġ
˿˺رĻС
Ц, ѧӣƤñǼ, һЦҪСЩˡ
⻰ֱ˵طGĽ, ޲ٴЩһֱš
Σϵ˵ߣطG
ͷ, ߵʼˡ
ͷһڴĵط˵Ƿǳġ
ͬʱ, ŽߵķţطG룬µףԶء
˵ԥת, ֱԺһȦķ¡
ڻĸо̤ʵĻ˿Ϸ죬Ϊϡ
ЦָƵȥ
ò˵طGıãôãδ˿ƣɫȻһң̲סߡ
ǴĻʵ֮Ц֣ļˡ
Ӥ׶ĸ׵˾۾ǣƫƫӳճֻһ˵Ӱʢ
ĶˣϽǰڻĸĺһϡſĸ˯ĵˣĻδ˯
С˯Ǻܶ࣬ʱܹɣһֱھ˯𣬱
ĸЦΣôҲ˯Сָݣͣ
ǶԶһȻУԵļǲסǹڶأǶμסãѧá
ЦűѵһҪԴ˼
ɣͷɣȥСһ˵ĻֽţҲ̲סЦ
ӵĳɳǷٵģϸµݶõ˼ǲôյס¾ͲͬŶصĶ塣
֣˼ˡ
Ҳ˷ܣڶĻһ˫ˮĴ۾ôҲϲˣһֱĺ޲ĵϡ
ȱˣƽɺֵҹҲûôġ
Ա˯ɡٲ˯Ҫˡ
һʱ˷ܵĻֱۡ
͸谵ĵƹ⣬Ƽ˫ģ˵ѽ

˫ǿԵĺ˫ۣǵ˯¡
Ǹտʼú棬ͣգۣǳ۽ëɨģ΢΢
ڴûʧܵʱƤãվǺһˡ
ӯүѽ˯ˡ
ƽ˯Ҳ磬ӵʱ򣬺˯ôѡ
̤ʵ˯ţСһڵͷûѵ˼ԭٵĸʲôƵã³׵ľԼϷߡ
ͷһطGȻԷ˫ҲģȻ˯ˡ
۾ҪԺȥ
գգۣ˿ûɬУ˯֮ǰ۶˯ţ˯ˣֲˡ
ⶼʲô¡
طGһССʣԷȻҲǲģ˲ס֫
ڣҲ˵ºò׺˯ˣָѡ
ô§ţŶԷ֪䣬Ҳ˯ˡ
ڶմ˯ԺʱͻȻʲôڿԼӣķ֡
˵˲ͼϣСֻϣһ޹Ŀ
طGԾ˯˯񾲡
Ťͷֿ˿ͷɫ˵ˣֻǻɵģЩȷǿ˻ɫ
ԣ˯ɡ˯ĸʲôƵã˵һǿ϶ġ
Ǽ˲۾ʱˡ
Сֿʼ۾˵ôСĺӣ־治СһͼطGҲٵ۾ЩãĿǣЩףⴲôС˵ġ
˲ǿЩܲˡ
ǿ򲼣ȻѾʪˣµǣѹʱֵŵζ

ңһƬǽ塣
ĴϣͷһεõǶ͡
һͿĴЩᣬСһﵹǹɵϣϧ⵱ĲʡģûʱСһԼòŰŪˡ
ɫ̴̲ͣס˸ɵĹȻǳأɫ
ҹ㡣
һʱ䣬ôһ˲䣬ͻȻãִŮ˶̫ˣһߴһеĻְ׬Ǯֱ񻰡
һʰ׵һ§˲˯˹ȥ
ѾˣС֣Ľиͣö档
Сĵرн࣬˵˯ʲô˯ˡ
ֵûӣطGһֱ۾˯ȥˡ
һһС
۵Сۡ
ǲϲι״ˣСʱϲһˣ͸ϲˡ
طGȴһ壺˯Ȼ㡣

 104 

СԶɲġ
ǵԼ۾, ûһͿסˣ˱Ҫ, ͼطGɫʱҿˡ
ɵı۾, Ǿ, ι״̫, ҲҪˡ
طGЦ, ȥ, 
ҴҴӣű۾
һһĹֽ, ǽĴˣЩ¾ס, ϵŮѾ˸ӡ
ô̫ƽ, ҲûڸһýϵŮˡ
ɾһŮˣ𾪲ѣ˵Ѳ, ѣѰ˼, ޿ܡ
ɣҲѾδˣȥʺѰġ
, ľͼһΣȻⱾⲻǼ˭˼ĺӶ£ǵ˼һϲ
ʰĵӣʺϥµĻʰĵӡ
дĺ壬ֱ˲ϸ롣
ǸŹŮ޽Ǳʲô˵ˣʲôЩѧڻʳǸ¸һָͷ
ôһˣܵûʺǿ˵Ϊ˰ͽΨһİЭ
ôأûбҪЩȻʲô벻ͨ
ˣ¶Ļ̫ټ϶ûеĴ
ԸǰݸʵˣʥּѾˣкܶ˲ţΪʰȢһŮˡ
ԭΪҪˣȻû˼ġ
طGǿŵģҲ
Цڴ󣬿ıǰߣһůͣ԰Ư࿴
ϺͻʺǰͷߣԶԶںͷ
ЦǺÿ
ʱҲвپ۱ԭ֭ԭζѬϢǲͬġ
һʱΣƵּˣͼʺЦĳ֣ù
֪ˣҪݳǣͼʺһԣվǻ㱸ûУ
һԣǹף̲סһҭ
ССĻأδ׼ˣҲ˵ûУҪȻʺһǻ֮﷢

ôģɽסˣһǲˡ
طGܵԻʰӣʱЩ£ѷŴ˳ַŵǵݳȥԥ
ǣ
ⶼʲô£
һι״ﵽһι״ôôѰ
໡ʹԼĸɺ󷨣˵ȿΪ
һۣǲȤŤСɫ㵫¶۵˼תͺˡ
Ҫǵû£ǺģͣĻҪ졣
ȻʺУźӵ·ۿ֣Ͻֽӹһĸۡ
ǹ˹գһȻֹСɸɾģһ޹˼
üЦСӣ㰢һ
Ǽɫãʺ˵ʲôҲһߺߺ
طGЩŤЩҲ̶õ˼һСкıȴƫƫϡĿ
˵Ҳǣ⺢ӱû˵ÿģپҲˣҲ飬װ۵һţҪΪάϸ裬ҲҪסˡ
ܲˣ󣬸Ͻԣ㰢ꡣ
һĺĻ̲סЦʲô˵˵Ҳһｵһ
˵ģԺӣҪ˵˵ͷͷǵ
طGһҭҪȥհһˡ
ʰԼǡطGӦ¡
ɪСӰĻʺ̲סЦˣˣԸôӾôֲ˵
ӣʱҲ˵ˡ
ͨôõĽӴѾ֪վʳ˵ǻʺˣǹҴ£вصʱһֱǿʵȫӦ¡
ʺСߡ
CALLҪڹŴҪˡ
ȻͻȻǽнɶҲ˵⿴Ҳ֪Ǹʲô˼
ܾûô򵥣ȻһȥˣţֱߣҲû׵ġ
·ϣʣ
δ˵꣬ͼطG˹ĵ˵Լգһ档
ԶԣܵڣһڴĿͼطGƵĻأԣ˵ǵ¶ﲻϲ㣬Ǵء
⻰һڣ˶סˣò˵⴫Բûгǲϲ鶼Ը
տʼʱ򣬻ʲôǻѡ죬֪֮󣬿ڷˣҲô˴ڣȻû˵ʲôǲϲ֮ɫԱ
ͷ뿴ЦˣԽԽζ
ʲôƼͷʲô£ʲôС⡣
һ̭һ̭
ǴһЦˣвյĵɫӲˣס

 105 

˵, 
ȴۣ׶, ĸ֪ﷴ޼ɵ
طG˭ǰ, Ϊĸ׵ĵΪ, ôʱСӤ, ξˡ
, , ܸ˭ߵĽɡ
û߽ĻᣬɶʱЩϵ˺, ˭
ǴȨ֮µľ˵, ֻҪû䣬ô˭¶һ
ֻʺܳʲô, ɷϵǣ˺ͱŮĺӡ
ıģ˭ʵ
ѴƵ, Ҳô⺢ӴСԼǰ, ΣҪȻֹֿʹɲǵƴĵԷĴڡ
طGֺδ֮, еʹ඼еġ
ԡͷţЦĴȤԣ㡣ְ㡣
û˵ȫˣɻеɸȾطGɫںЩûôˡ
ָָԼգطGƵĿڣ˵ʵݵġ
ʲôʵݣȻǰԼϴװԼ֡
Լ͸ߴĿڣţڣǸɶЩ̫á
ǷཱུСطGЦˣ㼢ɫɣ
ţ̧βµɨһۣôطGʱ죬ûпôɫһˡ
Ǳϰɡһ
ѾϦ£ҹɫҲԶˡ
˺ߣû˼˵ʲôֻ
ȵָǶطGЦŷ֣¶һĨζЦ⡣

ޡ
ЦԼŹ
⻰һڣطGЦЦ˫ΣյգգЦſڣŶ
򵥵ķʣһɤ۳û
һ·ЦЦֵĻ˱ѷŵĲˡ
ǵʱطGɫ˻СҪޣ˲СҪ
д
öѧѧôҲܱȥˡ
ȴûô࣬ĸӹεЦĹճŶ˵Ҳ֣ĸιģƫƫϲ
һʱ̲ͺߺҪңתƲע
üһҪףúúãסǾŷ۵Сͣǵ˼ˡ
طGģɵüˣ
ˡ
ԼСӣ˵żῴɫ˵ĻǰѽŶˡ
ôô
طGôһ˵;ø˳ѵ룺˵꿴С꿴ϣ⽿ӣǺã
ͷôǲͼطGһĿڣʲôĸţ簮Ϊġ
ҪסЦ⣬ˡ
ءһתߣýˣǿˣֻҪռĻɱһүл˵
Ҫ˵ĸӣֻߣΪСӣ˵׶ס
˵˵ЦЦģպõˣְǵݸĸת£ò˵ƣ۵ĽæĶˣЩᡣ
ĸۣ㻽һĸڸǰź򣬵ò绨Ľ࿴˼ۣɵ۲ѡ
ظĹģСϸϸ˶жȣ
᳤ҲΣһСұĳ
һһ使ĻѽСҪѽ~
üͷ죬ǣʱŪطGʱҲɤ˵һֿҪķǲô˵ġ
ĸˣɵûͷ࿴һۡ
ͼѾ⿪ѣҪ˵ι̣üһҪ⿪ǶӵʱֽǱʹ˸ɫʾߣԶˣŲĸ
ģطGҵһ
ʱҲúãϾԺҪ˵ĳûУٲҲɿɰ
ϲƯƯģ̹
˭֪˼ɻڱϿأ͸ҵѣǴƢˡ
طG⶯ʲôҲ滨ү۾
⻰ЩˣĸԭҲǴ˿סһۣס
ɶԷһû̧ͷ֪ʲôֱӱӣǸоۻණƵá
ʢطGϳȥ͢ʮ
΢䶯Ҫ˵ȴֱطGѹˡ
ȵϳȥˣŵʱ⣬һδˣŲ鷳
ﶼƲطG
ɣȴʲôûС
̡͢
̶ĸ֣˵軹ǱȽϴģ¾ѵӣ̣͢ǵͥ
Χۣ˵ôһȥʲô涼ûˡ
̿͢ԣ²С                        
лҪ˵20

 106 

üͷ, Щġ
˵ʵڻΪִ, ԴǶԴԱᶯ, и, ǽ, Ȼ˳湴ˡ
ֱ˲͸, ͢, ѵĹģѿ
ôһĸǸҪ, ֱӲܲ˵ײһûˡ
εν, ܵĸͷȻСġ
̾һȨ, һȥɡ
˵ⲻһ򣬾һ
뵽ģطGתҲ뵽, ԳƬ̣Ҳ̾ġ
ĸ֪̱֮͢, ֻҧޣһίҲҽС
Ƕţʵϣ嵽, ǳƵž;ۡ
͵ƤٵѪģ
طGǻ·龰ͬʮʵʵģȵͣ˵ʱѾԹȥκж
ֱӽϳȥûͣһǵѪ׳Ĭ
Ȩðˣ׾ٵĴĶԷ໹ΪޣзΪûҹ˼
һʱЩãӦüֱģִǰŹŴ
ûأʺǰ־ʹʹˣԵĵû˵ֻǸһͨʹ;ˡ
طGһۣϣһۣżϰŵʹͣЩ벻ף£ô͵õˡ
Ҫ͸ģɵöһ磬ѵֹ֣Իʺͻݣʶʹ͡
ǣֹ²٣ֹŮ˽ӽɡ
Щء
طGĲһʹͣ˼
ʶϣЩƶ֣ǳѧʣʲô̶ʣʲô̶ƣġ
£˵ƣϾҲ˴İҹˣܱܲס¡
ôԾɵõʹͣ˵ʺҪһȡ
жȡ
ⷬ²ⶼطG˼ãȴԲ䷨Ҳǲֲ£һϰµģ֪Ǻˡ
°ͣ£ǲ²׼ֱӽȥʡǵӵģԵõĸӡ
طGԼһ˿¿ˣԭأͷһ¶ԥǲɰɣ
Ϳ߸ĸȫͬĵطˣڴ˵ĸǳģıӻɡѣʱصĶĸ˵
طGأ˵ˣˤˣҲֻޱ
Ϊ㺰ۿ֣Ҳû˻ġ
ô˵꣬Ͳ߶ʮһֱӵӽˣ˳Ų鲻ԸطGֱǬ塣
û⹬ͷ˭֪һҾ³裬ͷһͷ޲ð̫ҽԺɹȥ
ʱ򣬻ʺڲ廨ţƯˡ
ʶ밲ʶ򸣽𰲡ЦĴչһڵĵݼӵݻģһ㶼Ҫʺʾ
ûһ⻨ƿͷĻͰںˣǴգϲľֵ̺죬رǾѡɫһá
ʺƵ⣬̧ˣЦʣˣ
ǰҲû˵һҲ֪ν¡
طGڳʱ򣬾ͼһĿڣʶʹͣûΪʲôʣҲи׼ǡ
ͷ·ͬȴָ˾ůůġ
ʺѹֵʲôһǻ޴ŷĸǹʣֱʵĿ
Ͳ˲ʲôѣֱ˵Ѱ
Ҳûʲôһδĺܺã£ôΪϾⰮֻһ˭ǸȾָ֡ô˵ţʺüͷɫЩ뵽кӣһݱ棬ǾĴȱ
˵ʵڻλдȱǺѵġ
طGⷬΪˣֻ鸴Ӽˣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
ͼⲽҲЩԶԣһȣʲôаֻһ˭Ⱦָ֣󹬱أЩЦ̣ԭ򾹳ˡ
ԭֻһǰˡ
ǰȻҪŭģɾô֮ЩҲֻ࣬ŻʺӣЩ󹬺بϰôΣ
һƬžаӿ
üۣССĲ䵽طGߣСָʱĹ±ƼǷСˡ
ò׹סڣССĥ䣬ѿռøۺˣ֮浽Щˡ
طG⣬Ҳһһĥ䡣
վסĮڡ
᲻ûʺ󣬻᲻Сˡ
ҽҲûǣǸǺῴ˳ۣ˳ۣ޲ֱӳȥ
طGȻִʣƾʰԸ
һѧģϴġ
ͷһμĿɫ˻ˣʲô¶ʶܣ                        
лҪ˵ģõأˡ

 107 

, ûʱӴĴ
طGڣͼʺüһ, ЦЦĿˣƲ߻𣿡
⻰ӵ, һʱӦ
ǿСĶ˳ô, ôʺϹϵ, ȡ, Ҳûôġ
̲סЦ, ֪⸸ӿ۵ĸģǴӻġ
ô˵ġڣͱʺһ, Լ¿ڵĻʱԼˣû¶֡
Эˣڳļ˶֪, ûϾ˵Ϊʲôˡ
Ϊʺ˵, Ϊȴ˵˻֣̲סġ
ûסõĻ, ǶʱһС, ޲ΧɰʵףˣˣԶԼС˼ˡ
طGһ, ˼ĿǸղõĻ䣬޵Ļǣǳõڡ
ﵽĿ֮ľʱˣҪˣһ˵ѹӲŴӱֵ쾡¡
ʺȥıӰ̲ס̾⺢ͨ͸ò˵󣬱ȿĻҪ
һɰƤЩϵʡ
ƫƫ˾ã϶ֲ
˵ԷĲ²׼ãɻ˳طGǾǼӾϣ˵Ҳǣ飬ڲ̫˽ʱ򣬶ʲôǿ
ȷʵϲĲУ޲ðĶˡ
üɫ裬üۼȻ±á

ȥˣ֪Ϊۺٴ̸ģڿԼĹͣŰɣ˶ãʰͻʶͻµ㡣
бף˭Ҳ˵
طG죬ȱʲôԸĸĹעɶڴ˵Щע׾١
ֻүġ

һµ̧ôɵͷģһЦ§ԣֻġ
Ҫɻˣô˵
Ƽʲô뵽֮ǰЩӢµ¼ˡ
Ͼӹ¥ͦġ
طGͷԵĵû˵˵˵ʲôǿյģѴεģҲȥ
֨ѽ֨ѽߣ˫ۣ߾С֮оһ־Υ
ͷ԰ɣ룬²ᴺ¥ķ˲òԹˡ
ᴺ¥ǹʽ㣬ʵòԹˡ
ȵ˽ȥͼɢɢˣмΪɣһȲģһԷġ
μź漫ˡ
ԷģЩˡ
ϺʽһóԵĲˡ
ſˮƼҲ֪ôģرƼʲôԣҲܳԵĽ
طG̲סЦˣϲԣӻظԡ
һҭ⻰˵ģֱ˲֪˵ʲôˣбһۣԵĶ˭ϡˡ
ⲻǳԵĻǴģ׾ٵģǲᱻϧġ
طG⻰ôôζһԾͲϡˣôء
ƫƫ⻰ʲڣûмԹ
үǡ
óԡ޲ڣеĺóζֱ˺޲ðͷһȥ
طGǻãƵĳţһ㶼ż
Ŵĳ̲࣬סüУķûôһԵĶٳԵˡ
ԵĺãҲˣ޲ٶЩ
ֻιԲԲ֣ŽʲôǿƫģǶЩȻҪЩ嵭Щ峦θ֬Ͷѻıˡ
дʵĲڲҳ֣ʱҲۡ
СλεʾţΪıġ
طGٿĪ磬ģǾôЩˣҪЩЩźá
һ壬ʲôǿ
˻صңǿСôһ飬͵͵ĨĨ죬ǿװ򶨣ԣǳȥæˡ
ܱ͵ԵģôһСԷʱСֿɾףܸ˵ĸʲôƵá
ǳԷʱûųζ
ֿߵ㣬ʵмܲס
һѣȶ֪ŵʲô˲С̧ᣬҪģίˡ
ĸоϽͣ·ĵطûгŶ
һһ޿С鿴ĴûסֱЦ
̡
̲סˡ
໣
ɤӾͿޣҪ壬ʱ򣬾̲סˣǲǳˣ
ûпֺ׻Ѫ˿ѾѿС죬Ҳ֪ǲݡ
ŵʱ죬Ҳˣߣ뿴ǲĳˡ
ίã
һֱڵԶǣĸο˭֪˰ΣԷȻ޶ԡ
~ﲻˣӡ
עͷһȷĶſ                        
лҪ˵20

 108 

۶ҪϹ, Ųȷ˵ǳˣ
طGҲϽչǴѷ, Ҳס
һȥǶҪ쿴, ˸ô, һĪ, ֪Ǻõӡ
СӵǺܿ, ǲ̫ȷ, ôչ򣬾ѾˣССһ, ͸ģֲôҲƲС
̫ˡסڵĿ䡣
طGЦ, üۼڲסćNɪ֡
ոţڼЧ, ⼸ս˯̰ԣСӣһû, ˣϽ̫ҽ, ʱ˵Ĳף⻰Ҳǡʮˡ
ǲģ˭ԼĻ񿪿ĵأа, ʱŶӣж㣬һӰָǺá
һεʱǶҲô»󣬿˵á
ͷһλеʱ˵ʵڻЩ㤵ģһﲻ̥ͣԼĺӣʱЩ¡
ررĺöִ󣬰ҹܰѡ
Ҳ֪һʲô
ЦԼĶӣô˵⺢Ӷ͵
ִʱһЦôлλ̳а˵ﻹлλԼ̳С
ô˼ţԼҲ̲סߣȵλ⺢Ӷܵ游ˣĸˡ
ǶŮΪʲôҪЩͲóܵġ
طG֪Ӱ˵ôֻ࣬֡
вɻȱŮˣǵĺӡ
ʲôطGʡ
룬ⴺʲôȻǴеһЩˣ㣬ҲԲ֡
㴻ѿɡĵ͡
طG˼ĵ˵ͷתˣ·̧֣ʣ㴻ѿ
ⶫҲ֪һʮԲСѾߴŵӲ廰ԺһᲱ㴻
Ȼô˵ȻеģʱҲԹˣ㴻ġ
˵طGʹ˺ƺƵԺȥô㴻ѿͲ˵ˣҹ̼ĽŪôһСӡ
ϴ˾֣һİЩֿ꣬ıӰ̲סס˵䲻ģӷںµأԷϴ趼ǹźģʱź˵Ļ
Тʺǲź
ҲκģӲǹİĸԸΪ³
ӱķӾͣͽΣеīֽ⣬ѹԼֹ
³ղҹάľսѳˣ˭֪λү츳ΣյĽװһ㴻ѿˡ
룬ôɫ²Ҫ
طGǴû˵ģֻǻзͷһھУһ
˵ǿˣֱЩҡ
һûûʱԵ׳ģ¼ǼˣԵһݰˡ
ţмֻ
תĸ̲סЦ˵ģ
ĸͬʱӡ
ҲһʣԵʱ̲סۿôζֺ
ַԣƫƫҳѹںˡ
طGҲ̲סӣԼһ飬ȻֺζˣգЩİѵŲԶǱģô
ȴۼĿָһĨ΢죬Ͻ׽סʣôˣ
ӲУһĵ㴻ѿʲô
ģͷʣطGһҲţֶ˹ЦܣҾͰһڡ
ôҲš
طG죬үѧѧʱٸ
ҡͷЦ⵽һƬ⣬ʲôǿ
һٷԵ˸пǧԸΪˣʲôݣԸȥ
ԸΪˣʲôݣǲԸȥ
ԱȺҡ
ɣôһкǱ§ˡ
Լͺ죬ЦǱĴһڣЦ֪ΰˡ˵Ļ˵ˡ
һӲˣԵ֢Ҳˡ
Գˡ
ҶࡣҪȻŲ
طGҪ֣ת˲ԥ⡭أܲӡ
ͬʱĸ֣ҲЩ£Ҫ⻳ڼǶ˶࣬ŵ٣û˭ӵġ
ñɣЩȷ˵
ҲǣطG첲һյ˵ʳɣûġ
طGһΣžЩĪƣôЩԡ
ͻȻһ⹬ͷ̫첲ʱ򣬲ôƣֿ˿û
ʢǹūŶﲻסЦˣžҪЦŹȥ
ʢ

үȦ
ʢ                        
лҪ˵ʢС޹.JPG

 109 

, Ȧǲġ
ڣү˲, һЦһܡ
һȦʢѾЦˡ
ƫƫСӻЦ, ΧŹź, СС, ֻ, ﰮĸʲôƵ, иöҪǺü֣ܵܣѵūš
, Ժӵ˭У˵, ԭвȥ˼޲ֱλӡ
û, ˭˳־˭˳֣ǵλԽԽߵʱ, Щסˣ鲻λ, Ҳûûʧԥ
ΪߴѾͷһǳΣյ¡
ϾҲһ̶ϣ£档
˵, ϲ룬СӲãҪõĹŮʱ
νԭͲǸϲڸǰźˣôˣһôĸۡҪپ˶ˣŰȫҪȻŮУСûʲô˭һѡ
ɰӦһ䣬߶ҲϤĽܾ
ǰ¹ȥʮ꣬һӴûУǵ׵ġ
ҲĽò˵һֱţôԶڣֻеǰһ̶Ⱥùһ㣬˶ԼģҲһ
ӾһĹӻտתһҲˡ
ʱ򣬻ʺҲ֪еϢɵֵĸʲôƵãϲľϲŶʲôʱ
°ѻˣ֮ǰ߹ˡʺĺܺã⵽ʱһƺôҲá
üܾЩ񷨡
ȥּĵףû˵׼ӡû˵Ű˰գҪȻʱŶӣɻ顣
Ϣʱ򣬴Ŀɿڴû뵽ԭаӣĺӸûˡ
ƾʶء
Ҷǰ϶¶ʲôʱ򶼳ɡ
طG˵˫ϲţһʱϵıɫסˣǴ⡣
ټԭѵ䣬ӣڰѪӣʲôû˵ӻ֣ĸߡ
طGȥʺͷȵ֮󣬻ʺԭϲɫҪһ̣Ǵӻǰһߣһ飬̲ס˻֣ʾϽߡ
ֱûۿ
һڹʺãʲôʣͰ߹
ʱ䰲ҲǸ⣬ͷһ£Ҳϵ£ʱеȣҲãܹܡ
һжö֮󣬱³͵ȥĿô˵ӵĺӣҪϲųɡ
ӹСʱԭأС޾ϸһждףЩѡҲгϲʲôǺűɡ
̧طG죬ɫЩӣʶˡ
ȷʵطGҲ޻˵
ʶ˼졣ŷţĺطGΪߵģ˭֪һĿ
һ˶ãľҪ޸һӣЩ־ġ
˵ףԭЩֻ飬ǰԼԻĿ־壬ټطGָⲻԵȵݣֱ˿־Ҫս
뵽̣ߣǾ֡
طG֪ĽᣬȻ⣬ȴǽ§ϸϸİɣүǸʲôˣ㻹֪ܲ
˵ͱʾл˵
Ǹɫˡһ
ӴĶˣָѧôã͸֪ڴٹ˵һŮǶôֵþ衣
ʲôǣʱʱ̳̿ǽ¡
ԭΪ
ϸ룬û˼ôǽεϷûлط
۰ȴжƣһһǳ
ԽԽԼĶԣ۴չвʣǲԤı
⻰˵ûͷûβطGȴˣ˹ڣЦ
ֱ˵ˣ
һѪĿڣЩԶԣβοڣ˵˵ξˣ
˵طG
ôҲ˵ȴĺ͸ˡ
ϡ
Ҳ͸ʶʱʱʱĺºӶˣƤӺ࣬Ҳòģˡ
вõԤУ﷭һٸͷȴǲ䷨
󲻵ò׷ʣʲôʵ
طGڵɤӣȥҪܣ񣬱Ҵҿڣү£ˡ
˵겻ӦŤͷҪܣϧҲţһֱӶסţЦнҪǲ˵ףͱ˳ŵ˼
طGϴ˸תһĶ͸ˡ
ҲȾϱ죬žҪ˶Ҫ                        
лҪ˵Һú¡

 110 

, ܾɣԤС
ȻͼطGͲס, ڣԭѡԺӣһ
ʣµĻ, , ܾҪʵʵڵ, ͻļ
طGЦЦ, ûٽ˵ȥ
, ͻȻһ仰еһ飬Ǽɫ⡣
, طGҲˡ
˶û뵽ݵľ, ˵츲صı仯
һۣ̲סЦ, һˣЦ²ᣬԺ
ʲô, һ䶼ûᡣ
ʵˣǴͷŵġ
ʮһ, ôűСʱ, 飬˵ʱҲˣ㲻һ
Ǿã⽭ɽ׸ıơĲ˳ʺ
ǣӡЦ
طGԶԣи˵ʲôǶԵġ
е˵Żһյıܿȥˣæʱ˵еʱ򣬱ȻҪߡ
ʱһȥɢʱʹһ
⺢ӲڣһڷӦûУ㣬ҪСȷʵ͹벻ԼǷС
תۼ䣬͵˴ʱ䡣
£ǿϵĻѾˣϧֲ˵˵ⶫÿ˻ʱǣ˶Ƥǲɡ
Ҳûϡ
Խǻ񽫽Խ࣬ÿ»˿
ܴο־壬ڵ
ʮˡ
˶˫ӣرǳɻ£Ҫָͷ
һҹû˯ã˵ˣɷȥģôҲһֱں˼룬ԽԽ
Ҳ̫ˣ˵õֻӾ·ʲô
޸˶Էֻ˸ӡ
ڴ֮ǰûоʲôԡ
ĬĬԼ֣طGݺšһѣҧгݵĵڣԵˡ
ҲǴطG̹׺󣬲Ųζģ֮ǰ飬ԭΪһŮ׷иɴĹ£ôеرɧء
طG˻һ˵ϸ֣ȴŲŲ
ۣ־ر
ôһƺˣҪΪޣطGɵϲ̵ĿڣššɡԹԼ޸ͺá
עһϢõҹ
ȴò˯ţطGҲһ͸Ͻŵûع׼Ǳߵˡ
ԭ룬ʱֱڻӸУɻʺ󲻸ģҪ˳ɻĳŽڹͷ
ǰŹڹһһȫ·ʽ˵ʺһ⣬ҪۿҲԲԼһƵá
ǻʺ󣬿Ҳûлġ
һܹ˳ĺͿиµĿʼ
Ķⳤģ˼֪Ҳɲò˵ب֮Ķ̫ˣңȫȲô֮֡
ϱ֮ĵģⱲӵá
޳
ʺôţȴ˭磬طGҹϽʣ˯Ŀɺã
طGͷͻʶء˵ºɫʺ󣬵»磬ʶ˯˻δ˯
ѵùһΣʺʱۿ峺˫ٿῪڣ˯ˣĺӣЩţͷ̤ʵ
˵Ļʵ޻ЩƯдʲͬ
طGͣͣЦſڣɣŶҲġ
˵תˣΪɹ٣ҪæĻںͷء
ջصͼͷƻͨѾǵģͮͮģ۶ǺƳ񣬶ž̲ס𴽽ǡ
ĿϲɫطG߽ＴӭŮˡ

طGû߶õĹ򣬴˯ԵɵɵģҲȫִӱ˳
ױˡױǷǳķѹģӲ˲Ǿٵӽԭи˯ֵЩܵ¡
룬ɣӰױյߵҪء

⻰һˡ
ӣò˵һܹҹ뾪ѵĻҲȷȷʵʵôˣûκηڵء
ӡ
ޱһɵǣױ
ŹȻֻصǰЦЦһźϴһ˵ż黰
һᵽβ׷üأг
ȫЦĿڣӣȴһ˫ӯӯЦա
ԭЦ
˫һʢЦ⣬йá
ѽĪҪˣΪԼסģ˭֪Ҳǧ쳾һˣʧģ
֬СУұ˱ȣʵ޴֣ģɫãʡ֬ˡ
ɬ͸ˡ                        
лҪ˵Ůڿ֣

 111 

ʼһķ̶, ̾Ϊֹ
ѣͱʮ, ӦԲͬڡϣҲвͬױͷ䡣
һ⿴, ֪ǳʢĻ
ϧ֮, ͷ̸, üĿԶ嵭
ǹŵ΢Ц, ѾͷϲĴ󺰣źͱڵ, үˡ
Щããҵϸڣͳͳûע⣬, ŴŵˣһƬ, һ֣ڰõĴ
һݸ~ﳪ
~

һ, ǳ˿ڡ
ûӦƼطGŸͷǰϵŴ컨, ǸɽƵˣƫƫ㼲, Цĸ仨Ƶá
ûۿ
طG˹֡
ϧ֮ϵЦиɻ
֮İӿûӰ쵽ˣ֥յһ, ˡ
һһţҪϽεʱ򣬹ϧ֮һʹİĹվҪΪ˵ޡ
ŸͷСſʦֱϣһҲҶϾԼĶλ˽ģʦһʵࡣ
ȴ֪ԷֻϣٳЩ޲ߵͷ
ʦ֣᲻㡣룬̲ס
Ŀڣó԰ѳԵˡô˵ݵײһ
ϧ֮ܣȴЦģϲӣɲܿޡ
Сɵӣʱ򻹵ųԡ
ʱŤͷһ۱ϵĴͼҭˣֻСͮͮǣǿڣҡ
ϧ֮ܵĵͷǣ
ͲĿ֮£ϧ֮ãգ۾ֿһЦݵү
ưڻУͷűƿͼϧ֮ü۱ϲһʱ䣬Ҳ̲סЩᣬǸĸڣƼɻ飬ǼϲģԼĪʦֲɡ
͵͵ƿһǶǰͷڸͷϵǸˣϬһԷҲͷ
Ķһ˫Ц˫Цǳ·ơ
һԭϲ
еĴʯʱ£ֻ飬ȷʵЩûʧˡ
ΣҪɻ飬Ա˴˼䣬ǰⶼǳϵģˡ
չ¶ЦգĵӣȥطGѿĻȸ
طGγỼûʧһֱҪӣֻǣѹ˶ѡ
Цװ׵ĸ㣬ߣҰ㡣
ĸףطG㣬˵ˣģҪ
񳯷ʾŻӴ飬ʮױǺö˵⣬ҲطGһƬȭȭ⡣
˻Ӹܿӹ¥ʹͽˡ
ͳʦ͵͵ʳССţռطͶƵģһϤζ
ӣʵãͷһ㣬ץӷεܡ
һʽᵽʲôͷۻȳ
ӵϲϣڵŲŲƨɣϵһ۽Ƿ
ʵҲʲôͷ˴룬ֻڼžĿռ䣬ȻζСš
Ƕҹ
뷨һԺг֣͸סˣֻӶǻɫϣ޲ʽȫȥֱϨա
ȫ˻߶ż黰˿ġ
ҹǸʡ
֪ڶ˭ɵţûһһ˫ȵĴСĽְ
һů˼ȴӵķŷңϾ˫֣̫ϤˣٸҹֵĹͷǳ
طG֪ôƣرʱ䣬ֻȢΪޣǰס֣Ѹңүĸ᲻ǫƣڶ֣ڴ˵ʵЩûˡ
ֻҪһ룬;ϲѡ
ŵС޹ǣССɵġ
ѽ΢΢չд޷ӵЦ⡣
ССɤӣ˼أҪô֡
ȴǣʲôֻһҸͷֱװ漱ˡ
ûףôС                        
лҪ˵ŮڴĽġ

 112 

ҪվԸ, طGࡣ
㾲ʱȵǾ˴䡣
䡣
˫, ŻɢȴֱֱӳճӰ, èƵý̺Ĵ, һĨ, һ
ֱ˰ѳֲס
, طGֻЩ, Ҳֻ̫֣Խ㣬Խĥˡ
һ, ֶǿһ뼦˿, ͷ˯ˡ
طGȴ˯£˯, ͷǧ޲ýҡĸ˵˵ӵĻ˵, ʲôȻõģʲô
и, ǳ
ΪҲ޷Ų
ȵڶһ磬Ĺ˾ͱŮ, ҪأڹͷҲٲˡ
ԭʶˣһģѾʲôˡ
ǵЦݲ˲סЦ̫ԣǴһֱЦģ˿ɫ˵ǵˮ©
ʺ⣬ΪҪݴ
ѾʶһˣҲǸӣϾִһܸɡ
Щȷ룬ͰĿűĸڻǣЦŸ޺ʶã˺̡
̫ƽΪ̡
طGȻ֪⺢ӵֲ𣬿ʰȨʱͷЩܵġ
Ц¶Сǣ룬ȨȻҪһǶʲôġ
̡
һڣڵ߾ϣСһﻹ֪ʲô߬Żʺͷϵķֵ㵸
ʺˣСĻԼ
Ͳ˵Ҫࡣ
ఢæôãеӵ£˭뵽ĲľͰͷ
⸣ȢˣӶôˣ׳ʵСţһ
߸£ſһһ
ۼĽλĸһһܾˣūźǹСľʵһ
ټжӣ˫ӡ
ѿǸϸŲС
֪лв²׷ףҲ벻һ棬Ƴô
ں󹬵ĸǷǳ˼ģƴ޳裬ʺѹڵ£ŵãپǼλˣ¶ֵַţͷô̧֡
ʺС
ؼǽһˮƫƫ֪ʱʱʺŲһת
ֵôɣԵļǧ
˼ţͷһ֪ΪʲôֻҪ⹬һѣⲻ˹ˣһ򣬾Բô࣬ˡ
ȵɢ˵ʱʵһͷһ
ͷʵѹֵĺܣÿһ˶Լ뷨ȥЩױݵı󣬵ײʲô˼
иж˼˹գССʲôʱ
ҸͷѾݺˣ¾ܳȥסʱ˵ڹͷҲѹѹ֮ڣܵۺô룬ò˵һٶʵ˲˵ķιӡ
ͷһƬг⿵ͷӣѾ˲١
ԽԽԽԽľ
ò˵ǰʱȻҲôģⱲӲһ˵һЩı䣬õһһĴ塣
Щأڤ粻顣
̾һ̲סüģô˵·ǲˡ
طGʹŴ·ϴۻĿһˣһξʹĹ䡣
ЩȣطGɹţִɡԣСĵ⡣
˹գĲ˲ǼϸױȽ٣⻳иǲôˣһСһСŲʵЩƣۡ
طGƼˣСǻȥɣ˫Ьٳ
ϾڻɢڲҶߣ߻Ҫġ
ͷһȥƨһ齣ôҲԸ⶯ˣò˵ʵЩƣۣûЩʹ
ӣطGæһ˲һݵģʱ꺮ů̬˼¡
ڸΧźĹˣ⸣ͷ⣬һźţ˿
һپôǿ
Ͼ⹬˹߰²ˣݲԣָĸ˫๬˵ĸҲ磬£ѱ֤֪ʱ򣬻Կ
ȴܹˣһ㶼ûһ㡣
ɡĺԼ
ʱҲûԹμ֪ôˣˣôӵʳ
طGЦɡ
Ǿܾģ˵ԼˣҲǶ¡
ʢŷһ֮󣬵õһǳŵĻش𣺡˵ˣӣҪˡ
ҪһҪˡ
˵䲻ģһһܵĹ򣬶ˡ
طGüʢһһʮĻأ˵⻹Ҫϼ棬ŷϹ򡣡
ϼ˲Ѽˣ룬Ϊŷ˵һóģǱ߰ɡ
¥еĲƷ֮ɣǵðζҲ֪ϸô롣
Ͼϸ֮ڣʲôֻҪϸȥǶϸζ
һȥʢֻܿˣǼߣʱˣҪȵϡ
вͰ͵ĴʲôԲ
طG죬Щ⹬ͷ߻ῴ²ˣҪʱ䣬ڲŰأųҲ˵ĹȥžЩˡ
룬ֱǬȥŻʺ֣һͰ͵ĿڣԼ
ĺãĸֱĿȥˡ
Լ򵥣ʺߣߣӣͰڣԣʶ
֪ҪһɵСŮ§ֱǻġ
ԭֻһС˭֪ʺҪ³Ǹ£Ͻͷ
ϧû˵꣬ͱʺˣȻ˼ţǾһˣ˵⵱ĸ治ֵʲô
ҲͻʺôˣģĹҪŵдлͼطGһֵĿҾ;͸Ҷ˼
ҲضãҪȻҲùŮϽȥǬ幬ˡ
˭֪һ¾ү
ʺ˿ǣֿĲ˵ҲЩ²ȥ֣룬ֱ׳ˣвˡ
ĺܰÿ˶оȷֹ
طGɵˣ¶ǵһر·˫Цݡ
ɽ龰ÿˣɵһҭôСӻͦ帣ġ
Ҳ
ϴ˵ϣССס
û£ֱӰСһӣ־࿪ˣطGССڣҪһһϴŸɾġ
ϸϸСУ˵һһϴǰһ飬Ҳòٹ
ĬĬ˿ֲԵģޱ롣
طGû˵ǻʺ˭ԣֶӦģԡ
ŻϺۣ֮һʹӣ̲סЦЦô
Ƽ飬ʲô׵ģû취˵޳һںô
Ҫһ㣬Ҷԡ룬ԶʳΪҪǴģûôһˣסԼıˡ
ʺԿһۣЦɡ
ˣ򴺽
طGټٵȰͶʶǶɡҪԵģĻʺ󲻻ֱŪʲôڰʱ򴺽ճʱҲǣҲǣǾΪˡ
ôеڣ˵ζƽƽ滹еġ
ôҲҪȹϧ֮ǿ뵽ÿζԷǳԵĶԲ̲סᡣ
ʺſӣͷմճճѻ׸ժˣм³ˡ
šٷˡ
ĸˣ˫۾˫֡
¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ôҲԭȫԼɣ²òūŽ
ػʺĻջҪĵģŰڲ𣬱ȼյĺܺá֪Ϊһջ̫࣬ûһ߻ʺô
벻ְֵĽ̻
Ҳû뵽гһգῴۺճģ
һԸ⸶ģһԸݽѾվڶϵĶˣƫƫ͸һɲµ档
˼ĿŻζĻ磬ܾƺ
طGһԴ֣򣬵һ㣬ͻҪСһ㣬ֲ͡
˷һ֮󣬻ʺһ͵ˣеŸƵãһ͹һ飬Ҳˡ
ɿűԣ޵ġ
⼦ƵıϣһлǿԹªĶҲԹ⡣
˹طG֣˳ȥͼʺ֣ģͷҪʶ
ͷӡ
ϥмˣ޻˵
Ӧˣõػʶ
ʺվû˿תڶɿӿݣûһԲӡ
ˣǰԵļʲôˣֻûʺ㣬񻹲ӡ
һ߿Żһ߳Լڿ˵Ҳһǳ飬ƽƽļֻҪ뾭˻ʺ֣;˼ζ

 113 

ⶫʹ, ÿ˶ţ²ȥˡ
ǿͬ, ӲǳţԵʺ󲻿, ĵȰ, ϲ´ٸ
õش, ĽԵ, ʵĿڣͶ㡣
ô˵, ϵЦȴҲס
ȵطGʹȥȥʺϵЦ˲ϽӦһԼʲô, ϸϸκ¶û
ͼʺļҵǸ, ǲ޶˶˵ҪС
ˣʲôض
ֺʹദô, ֻ˽⣬Աȥˣûһͻ, һŷˣԭ˵ҪԼ, ˵ⶫҪϼŲУĸ˵ֻȼ, ˭֪˵š
дʣûˣôһ˵ˣԶˡ
ŷЩ˾ô
ĸۣϾһϱӣͲȥҪˣҪȻ鲻ס˵ٱ˵һóԣ˭ס
˭ʺʡ
˵Щͼ졣
϶ͻ벻Ҳôֵʱ򣬻Ȼʺʣֱ㲹һ䣺ҵġ
˵ʺʲô׵ģҺżףżհ
ظġ⻰Ҳû˵֪ˣġ
˵ҲοţѲΪ˺ӣԼĸ˲ɡ
˵Լסˣ̲סЦ⺢Ӱֱͨ͸ĸʲôƵãûѧһ֪ˣԲ
Ͼûӣǳţֻܰǡ
ȥʱ򣬴Ҳ˵¡
ǵ¶µˣ滹ҪġζĿڡ
ͷôһϱ֣ʲô£һ㷴ûУװױǻʺǻʺȻп˵
Ͼѹ㣬ǲѹ㣬ǽѵ㣬ȻĴ
Тι
ȴ֪Щǻϣǻ˸ĸġ
ǰҲۣʹѾǳģطGһкܶ𣬿⸣ûУûУݼڡ
ҾһˣԵǿģȵǿģֲ
뻹ЩߣطG飬û˵ʲô
˭֪ڶչŷֱӾʹѪˣԭһֱ¸ڣ˲ȥ
ԭأطGΣŶ˶
Щۣ⹬ǣһȫʵ̫££ǻʺ˳ˮеһ
棬ٴһӡ
ʺСߡ
ޱ룬һٶֱӽһ飬ͦõġ
ŷе˱һ飬Ѿʣ޼
һ仰ĹʹһܣԵʧܸա
طGḧļЩҪԵģʱû̫࣬ȥƽϣȴԶ֪ԷʲôʽΪֻع
⻰ǼٵģڵԼġ
ĲһӣƨɱȻġ
˹գߺҪҪС󣬲ô˵طGϣĴԿһЩеദ֮˵
̵ֽٺãū˼ά鿼ǵĲ治һҪǵ棬ūȻͬ
Ļ˯ڱƣۣܳŵʱף˵طGرᣬ̸ֱõĴߡ
Ƥûһ˯ˣطGʲôû˵СĽϣ˯շ
ġ
˯ˣüͷҲ΢΢ŵġ
ڰϵһĨκ˼üۼİͱ嵭˲١
ʼҸӣקģȻҪȫ
طGЩͻȻͳӾտտβ񱦽һ㣬зâ

еǷǳ﷦ζģѣһ߽롣
Ǳ߽ģһӣôҲԲ
࣬ÿնʵ͹
ò˵ݵǷǳ̹ģʲô˸źĺúõģ޲ϴ趼˸̧ԡͰϧûа취ź
ͷķˮҲˣٶٺԺȣСԲˡ
һ̥˵Ӳԣһ̥ͲһˣǶԲĸһԭΪϼգ˭֪Ӵô죬ִŵ˭˶֪⡣
ۿסˣҲˣװ׵ĻأѾĸˡ
ϣԼԲСЩĿڣǲһ̥µӣ
ǵһ̥ҪҲû
˵ЩطG̲ס죬һ̥֪Ļˡ
˵һ磬ЩһЦһΣܴͷβˡ
׾һΣ·ģ˵һ̥̥û˵٣ʱǵⵣǵģԼܰԼŻˣ˭֪һ̥˵˼ˣƬ̶ûС
طGһͷ῿ϣ˰Σϣû
Ϊʲôߣվûסˡ
ߣŬĸµĺжЩȷ˵˵̥ڶͷǲġ
ôţҲˡ
ֱ˱ȣպһ漴˰ɣôĺӣ͸Ƥ㣿
һʲôı鿴ֱûˡ
ôĺӣ˰ɣЩȷ롣
ΪŴطG͸ӲˣʣˣŲ᲻Լֺȵˣ

Ϊʲôô˵ǳеȷʵǻȵӡ
ŬĻԺЩٵĿĸӤ֪ʶһ˵̥ãõʱˮ̥϶ˮ
ôһ˵ǡ
ҵ졣ֱ˵
طGҲ¶һҲ̶õı飬ò˵⣬ʵ˲֪˵ʲôá
ǻһ˵ϣͷɢЩסˡ
һҪкŮһҪ˭ֶˡ
ϧûйȨҲϹ롣
СȻǸʲôѡǼõġ
ǱЦ
˵С˵ôãеˡ
ȻڵѾǵˣȰÿһأֻҪżͿʼ֣˯ڼҴһӡ
ΣҲ᲻ֻ֣øͷߣŤŤ·ž̲סЦ
СʮˣͻȻͻ·ˣͻȻһֱûѧҲû߹ͻȻڴžֱ
ȻֱˤϣôҲ̱һķչˡ
ԴԺ󣬱㲻ñˣǵҪŶԼߣƫƫѼһͷؽģžᵹˣڴı붬ԲģʵūǷļˡ
ĸ޲һֱڻһ㣬ôûκΣա
Լ߾ͲһţƵƤҲūǵҵ
˵ˣСԸߣߣˤˤˣտЩǡ
ԴǾͳ׵ķŷңڱӲŴˡ
˵ѾĴ󰢸磬Ҳ˵ع칬̫ӣǰͷ磬ͺͷ߰硢˰磬ûСǿʲôҪһһ
ŶһָͷȥǾˡ 
һȥһӡֻ۵ļֱ飬ͷһʲôвƲ¶ףڳĶЩѰôˤٶ¡
ʮ֮䣬Ӳ˱һԣӶûе׳١
ŰͲˣǵΪʾǴ𣬱ԼĻƿҪʮδɣ˫Ѿڶſ˵ͷͷǵ˵ǻҲͰˣ۵İͷǲῼġ
ŻƿЩۣһţͰ͵ĸ硢ɩ⻨ƿȵܻܵ޹
طGЦЦĶһۣƿڣŪõģ
Ҳ̲סЦطKǽݺȿڲˮġôȵ죬ҵҵӸ粻ס
طĶͷͦص߽ò˵ӵӣ̽̽ס
ŵģͰĿĸˣһԺӴܵǣһ£Ͱ͵Ŀڣĸ磬ǻƿ
û˵꣬ͱطGˣ˹ĿڣҪ٣
طKûҪ٣ԥԥһָͷžεĿһĸ硣
ӣ̲סЦһ˻ôɰ뵽ʷϵطKԼ˵ĺӣʼĴ
δɣǳϸģپ£űҪĶࡣ
һ˫ĺۣΣ͵طGܸһüۡ
˭֪ԷҲǸ۵ģҲһָͷ
һطKͲסСĿڡ
һڻ鷿˵ʵЩˣ䣬ͼطGһʱЩ£ڣʮҲɡ
ĵˣپͲˡ
áطGһۣӦˡ
طKʱЦĸ仨Ƶã˸ȱڵĻƿһڣŤͷߡ
ʮӿɱȻƿضˣһ㶼Ծɸ˷һܵķɿ졣
ȥϾʲôˣطGͷһŤ⺢ӻأǻͷǸƵġ                        
лҪ˵20

 114 

ⰢǶ, ײϵͷ
ϾŽͷͷȻǷʲô, סˣſһ㡣
ʢ˵Ļ, طGĬ, תͽ, ֱ, ų׵ĺ
ЩĿ, кݺͷ߬ȭͷݺݵ̧, ¡
ˣǰż򣬰ζŨˡ
طG̾һ, ûСΪСˣﲡ, ⹬ͷ߻߲ȵͣտţȻٲˡ
ɳ߿, Ҫ˵Ǯǻûж١
ʵ˵, Ҳǲæˣŷİų⣬ʵ˲֪˵ʲôá
⣬˵, գôϵ
үģǸ̫ӣԷ˱ŻһֱĹʾˣתͱԡ
ϰһͷβǶһĹϵǰڸ̫£Ӻλ£Ƕǲ鷳еս
Ժİ֮ƣӺСۼӳɡ
ŶȤתĵⲻ࣬նһ²ģɲǹϵá
⹬ͷ٣ͬ˾͸ˣкӶϲԼһĺ棬˰طT֮СʱȻҲ΢ġ
СźСʮסҲӦġ
طGӣڶϣʱתעӻӼ
ԭһԲͻȻһ߿ˣӶƫˡ
ڵҪôǶҪôǺӷء
طGʣ˺üѣϸϸĶ˰ΣӷˣʱЩʧ䣬ôأֱһ㶼û׷
Цףˡ
طGһįҪŴ˭֪յ˽С첲Ҫ
Ը⣬˵ǿһۣ໵һͿˡ
Ŵĸ첲ôҲԸ֣Ű񣬺޲ðԼһ˰ռ
طGͲ⣬ָָǣβڵĿڣòװ嵽֣ûϡأˣɣүϡʹˣʣүһ
أҲˣղŴеעҪһ룬˭ǺأҲˡ
ʲôֱӲˡ
ߣүʱ򣬻ûءһ
סûЦ˰죬վ̲סЦıʧˣֻЦͷɢңطGĹգ̲סЦˡ
ʲôˣһĸûһĺӽҲܶԷö
طGίˣ˵үˣ㾹ȻЦ
òֹסһЦףԣҰѽȻ˼˰Уһ
طG⼸֣˺죬첻˵ˡ
ǿһڣһڣʱ໵һֿˣ˵ģ˸˵ʶʱΣأƫƫֲ֪ôɲֻÿˡ
۵СϹᣬʱЦˣԣˡ
һ߿ޣһͷǱϴͫˡ
ౡҲһڣãǳƫˡ
طGߣǳСǰףôֽһɣԼһƣŴ׹ļƣҲգƵĴ
˭أһ㶼ɵİһڣǽи¶մ
˶¶ЦݣƵϣһ޶ԶԷ
ѸŶ
һһССۡ
ô˵ϵЦȴôֹסֻЦĻϲ
˵Цţͼʢ˽ֹβŻ¶ټȥһˡ
⻰һڣ˵ʱһ
ﴫ٣üò˵ͨΪļνӴԵӡʵЩ̫á
ǱȽϲġ
ҲӣξֵֵزܲΪ߶ãȻʺͻˡ
²һʱˣطGһ˵ͼЦҡͷиǰ˺أɵ¶һ
Ҳ˺ҲǰûˣΪ˱һˣȲǰĮЩ˺ӱŬҲǳɵġ
ǰʱ򣬺ܶںӿյĹںҲдٵһӶأֻҪĸ׵·񶨣ˤ˵Է˵ܣ鲻ãҸͷһ١
Щ㹻ٵһˡ
Щˣٸ㣬ĸǰģΪá
ôһӵ־ܴݻ٣ԴԺ֪ʲôǰ֪ʲôΡ
£ЩݶˣֱӣûһҲգҲգ޹أвģȻҪġ
붼˾۵ĻţǿԲ̲סطG§һ꣺ԣ㡣                        
лҪ˵ģӡ

ʺ󣺣

 115 

طG, һ
̶̵һ䣬ô︡ǧ˼, ۵ĸʲôƵá
˹֪ʲôǼ尾, Ļн, ޲ͳȥ
İָ, Щ, εĿʺ, ʰ͹ȥ
طGҲЩߣžЩᡣ
ǶĲͬ
С밲ǡ˿, ôкһ£СϺ, ץŻ귨ָţѽѽĿŰָ, ˼ȷˡ
Ϊ˱ԼģѧŴӣŽŽž, ڿžž˺üڡ
ЦһΣ˵ϵİָ, βĵ鶼ˡ
Űָŵ飬࿪ˡ
Ѿ޶ëĻ귨Ȼһ۶϶Ƶġ
СӣЦȥ
һĻʱ, ʺҲڣѰָСһĵϸģŰɡ
治ȱⶫ˵ҲѹѹǵݣϾĻӣ߶лϵĶţ˵Ҫ˼֡
Ҳƴһ䣬ʺô˵㱧Ǹˡ
˭֪СԸߣڻʺȦ˼ˣ룬Ը߾ʺҲø徻
رŤͷߣʣ»ʺǴ۵Сۡ
ʺôϲӣûôСһ;óĻţ֪Ǻá
̽óеĵĹ뺢ӳЩЩãֵǵƻųԡ
Ǻϲ
Сͷĳˣӣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ʺ󲻸ԣֻתעԣȥ档
л棬֮ͷƻǿôСĺӣ˴˻ˡ
ȥ֮󣬻ǵǵĻһۣ̲סһϣʺ󶼻סǵĻô˵ͱ̳Ըɾˡ
Ƚ˱ͼطG£Ǽ˻ͷƻƵۡ
˰ɣЩ
⿴ű֭أһƾͳˣóԡ
طGͷʢԸȥ
ⶫϵһˤãƷ಻ãθԡ
ߣŰľժˣ
һˣ˵ĸʲôƵãֺǺǿڣѽûͷûβ˵һ䣬Ž˵ңҾͰƤԡ
Ҳһ˵УԷ۽Щû°ֻͣҪӡһǣٵ͵͵˵һ䣺ԣˡ
֤е˶ԣȫͣˣι
Ȼķչǲġ
طGü㣿ˡ

ߵӣһĿڣ
ʵʮǧֱ֪ô˵źã죬ӽˣҲԼһĬĬǰƤԼԣԽԽԽԽġ
òǲڣһһڵĲ𣿷ǵһ˹⡣
վһ˿СԴįĸп
طGɻһ㶼׷ʲôɵЦﺬһõˣƵⲽǰԸ
˺
طGһ㶼飬ֱӳһ죬§̵Ĵȥ
һߵ͵Цζġ
ըˡ
͸Ͱ͵𡣡ͷأ˭֪Էɫɫģˡ
𡣡һ
ŴĸһգطGЩ⶯Ǽôߢò
𡣡ƾܣżܻӭ
žЩˣ˹һţ½ɢˣͼͷͻȻ죬һϽܵͷݡ
طGü쿴⣬˹Ēš
۵ͯ𣺡ĸ磡ĸ!
ܾЩ죬һʱ벻˭ֻüӿٶȡ
ү֪ˡطGӦһ̤˳ȥ
߶߶Ŀʼôʲôһͷĺϸ˷
һףͯ²ʮģһĺӣǲ˵ôࡣ
Ȼĺӣ߶úãֻóѽĸ˵ˣкء
˵ŴӻͳһСƴСͷװ壬طһ˷ܵĸ磬һɣ󽫾ء
طG죬صıԵ
ƫƫط߶߶ĽжãǿǿˣɱۣһӾͳɡ
ʮһ
ʣ֪ǮҪﻨ
ͷһζطT棬ӣüܵôһò˵⺢Ȼú壬ҲúŲųɣɣ׵׸磬Ϊӡ
ҲΪ׸磬޼ɵӰɡ
ʰ׵һ۾Ƽطɵǰһ
һ̫ݰףģͮͮģʵİͷ

 116 


ĵķ, Ҳ˼
ط̧밲񣺡ɩ밲
С, 鶯طG, ÿɰ, ֮ٿ㾫, , Եøɡ
Сʮˣȵк, ߣһЦӶǺЪЪ
˵Żùϲϵ, źĿˡ
СʮС죬һֹ, βССΪԼ⣺ˣܵѾˡ
, ˡһ䣬߰ĺӣ˵Լ, Ǿ͵ĳˡ
һһû, ˡ
ɨͷʱЦˣһֻˣɼͷűء
ͷů㡣
ط̧ͷ濪ڣɩȻϲ, ˣǡ
˵طGӽСӣֵͷϣҪʮְ͸
үȱӣطGЦ
䣬˼Ʊ˻֣߰߰ɡĪүǰΣ
طõǮﻹŤͷܵķɿ죬ͷһ
˲ֻʣˣʱž
طGЦЦĿһԡ
ſطԶҲЩһ㶼ûע⵽ЦĸŮɫЩ
ϴŷ¼Ҫʲôͱ÷ǳˣ֧һûаǿ
ڳ˼ʵζСʮĵ̬ȣϴεټ֮󣬲ʱĵġ
һεȥһʱʣȻ˵ȲĶûȱûҲʵʵģһ䣬Сдˡ
ŽаأɰѴĹǺ
˵䲻ģﻹ̣Ӳؾһʱ̫׷ˡ
ƫƫԷǹģֱӰѵŶˣͷ˼ԡ
ԭǣطˣҲʵζˣϲгʱͱ
ɷϵǣֻҪڹͷһգҪܵϽһգԶԷǲϲɵľͷԼûе˵
õµˣǰöԷ»ǳ˳֡
ûطʣΪǮҪϰ˵ģԼĶӣȥТ˳һŮˣͲСʮĵĸηε˺뷨
ô࣬һ񣬾ͼطGɫ࣬һڳ
ͷˣ
طG⽿ӣŵһͻȻɢˣ˵̫ˣԵ¶̬ȣ㿴СʮĲǵģҲûл
˭֪ԷԸ⿴ϣȻдãԼҪһ
һЦһȥˡ
ڵʵЩȥ֪СʮΪС˵£ȥģⶼ֪˵ʲôãƫƫСʮĶ׽
СʱȻɵĽΪȣҲ֪ʲôʱԼĪǸ˼Σͱˣﲻ׽
ܶʲôСʮǿͷΣݲӡ
Ը˿Ц㻰ﻰ͸˼СʮǸѵܹġ
⻰˼ˣСʮǱ޵ģôûгʵأȫǽȥˡ
˭Ȼժɾû㹦򣬾ͻȫˣһĸͬȻǽѵԼҺӡ
еĲãͷϡ
İ˵Ļ׼û
ͷǲزסģⱱĶ֪ˣʺҲˣҲʼĩָơ
طGһ㶼ģ⹬ټʵʵһ㲻õͷҲ£ϾڷͷʢȢ˸ˣԴӣԴӾˣִһ
Ա˿տҲϥ£ֱЩ֡
ѹһѹҲͦá
ûһλƵıǬͼʺķԲ£һ
һЦ밲ɫĿʼӡ
ˣһֱĽС˵Щ䣬˵Ͳɣڻ˵˵ǰ꣬лʺĻҲմߡ
ôһ˵ʺȻ
С߻ˣҲǣֱ֣ڻʺڣСģÿˡ
ʺǹɢһ㣬Щ⣬źСڣٿֺǺǵǣͷһһֺôСǵŲǡ
ȵһͨȥ󣬴ְһţľˡ
ʺཱུСɢˣСﲻɵЩ
ò˵ӤģСʹһеĲݶϴӵһɶ
ȵʱ򣬾ͼʺǣһ˼
檾ãղײգͽհɣֱӰطG¡
뷨һֱУǹ˼طG飬һֱû˵
Ͼ£ĸҲǲˣܵΣܹ                        

 117 

, ˵뷨, ǹ˼ɵȽ϶࣬һֱûж
ƮҡĴ彭ɽ˵, һȹ̵ļ̳ǷǳҪ, Ƕ˵, ˭, ʵ岻
ǰ, Ȼ̫Ϊ׼˷ǲľǰЩ, ⱲȻǵá
ʱı仯ڡ
ĵ;ã̫Ӳλ
ôı, ͸ҪˣҪ˳λ, ôֻ֮һ
Ҳ˵ҪĲ衣
ԥ˲ǻʺ
ɡͷ
ʺ뻹žĿˣʲô۹Ⱑ, ô𣿡
û۹Ļӣ֨
ҪȻ, ˵Լǳ۹⣬Ȼɵģ⻰˵ڣԤУǸô˵, ͻʺ֮־Ҫûˡ
ʺһۣתЦˣɣǾôɡ
£ͼ
ľĺˣ˵ҲЩģпܣϣһԼĺӣСһһ̵ӵһޣܰ£ӵȷơ
ǺãЩź
˾ûõĹϢʹȥˡ
ϾҪһϵе׼סġ
Щ죬ЩǵĿطG˵һǧ⣬˭Ҳ޷϶ܰ
˵òĲõģʱòͳִòʹ
طG§§Цſڣԣ¡
治ʲôСѾϰˡ֮䣬بĶ̫࣬СС޷⣬Ѿں
ԾĿ¶ǣطG濪ڣ㾡ˣʲô
˵ʵ͵ĸ˵尾
̾һЦϣЦԣѽ
⻰˵ĹģССʧ䣬ʱʧƽ
ЦЦĿκգطGһۣ˲įĿڣЩĵġ£С֪ѾƵãǲͷȡϧ
ԼԲֱۣҪĸˡ
Сĺ塣
طGãҲ֪þգϾУǹˣܱܿװģʱСûв˵˵ûСʧ
ô룬£һĽš
طGһֲ̤ʵĸоһ㯣ӽ𣬵¶ֻǵ¶ˡ
ĸˣһţⶼʲô˰Ȼڶϱڷʣֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
̫ȡ
ʵ뷨ѰиҲûԴĵ
СطGɫԼãҶԡ
СǲʶζһطGﹰС컹ͣ߶
ڻˣСžͣĿ֮ߵĵطҪ̽һ飬˵ǳƤˡ
ժʯƫƫߣţⲻ취ˣ֮ǰҲȽϸߵĻǹţԼι״İˡ
СϲԼ꣬ΪһˣʱþУϲϲľûôҪ
ô²ģϾ۵ģҶ϶ʯ֣ǾڵһʱͻԶ
طGγֻ֪ԼĺӣݼڵģԸš
ǾеĴʯŤŤ߹ԡ
˼ˣҪʯԣС߻ˣʲôʱҪƤ֮࣬ǻ˵͸ԣɴһڳԵġ
ǸԱˣԼŻԡ
ˣûһǾͳˣʯ𣬶ˮѣŹĵģԽԽ
˹ԲգԼĶӣ
ѩ׵С̲סЦ֪ǵǶӶǲǣ˵ָͷԳԵĸʳ˵ʱǸϽסָͷظ
ѽǳԵһ꣬˵ǳԼʵͳһ㵰ơ
ҲԵļΪƵĴЩҲųһڣʱͱҭסˡ
ݺݵĹһˮ˿ԣԡ
ǹɵͷСףŬԡ
ӣͷ˲ٹ
̫СˣֲôƶҨףĹУǻˣӵˣʳȫˡ
û취ףˣһ
ȰĿǣ׶Сְۣüˣ൰࣬ŸСèƵãȴӿɰˡ
СһѽЦýСĲ߷գԵĸˣҲЦһİԭҪͽԼĵݸ
ԡ

 118 

׶Ц, õҩ
߰ĵ࣬Цſ, һڳԵ
ǺܿģЦ
ÿε, ǻƿ, ˭뵽, һᱻһСӿ
ҲЦ
طG, ǻ, Ҳüۣ³һ
ɷϵ£, ȴԾû˻һ֪, ҲǸһ;˵
ֵ, ÿֵֻĲ⣬Щ˱˻Ե˼
ʵڵ˵ԼȷϢ, λӦ
طGǹŵĮЦ⣬޶˵͸ּڽ, ִϤ
ԡǵСͺԿǣطGߣЦ, ȥߡ
״̬ͦ˿ǵģΪʷϵĺݽɫȻıǧδ꣬Īڻʰ࿴ۡ
ͻȻôҲ޹ֺܲĵĸо
طGĸһȥһ·ֻͤȥ
Ѿˣûһ򣬱Ǽ߳ϸĨһѣ̲ס˷ӣЦſڣ⺢ˡ
ȭߵĳ̶˵ǳ˫̥
ΪӴײ˵ЩһĵطǾǶӼʵڲ񻰣Ͼһӣ̥ľ黹ǺܳģҲǳעԼ̥
ԼĶ⶯ȥģǷǳĿġ
طG֣ԼһţЦڣϸһ¡δ˵꣬ͼʢһŵ߹ССﴫ١

ֱͲǸϢ޹ֺɫá
ҲЦˣһμ棬ôõʣҲ֪һλʲôΡ
԰͹·̲̣ԭ˾ôãطGȻãǴˣϾǺӣ˵رһ£ͼǰĹŮЦĹߴٵ˼ˡ
죬źѾʹ˸ɫʾϽȥһʺ󱨱һ
ò˵ָѼϼܵΪܵһΣУ֮ûк£Ҳȥ룬ʧȥطGĵĻ⡣
С˿ЦЦطGһɵ͹ȥ
ȵʱ򣬹ֵģûʲô쳣Сڵ֣߽һ˳˴˼ʹɫŷǳˡ
ԭúõգͱ˸Ƶá
϶Цȴ룬ϡⱲӲһµġ
һһ񣬵ƤӿһȦƿڣļҵأСź򡣡
طGɫһ䣬ϴôõʣӶûˡ
ҲЩϢûסϵЦ
ͷôãֿʣϢһ
˵иƵԼҪһ¡
ɵһᣬָС˵˵ЦЦͼһ۵СתһȦŹĿڣ¹ˣĸӲ㣬ͼźǡ
ͼذ
˳İأ߶˵ĶĿûüܾСֿڣûİؿշѽҲ̫ίүˡ
һҭŽʲôͼذڲǡ
һ⣬ء
طGָƣվͷһֱûã£׸ȥԵ¶ڶԷѡ񣬵ǲپˡ
ģأ
ȻѶʵĿȴԹԵ֣ĸСŮߴӵǣС۷۵ģɫȻȲϴ֣ƳȻҲƵġ
һظĹңϸԲ˵˶жȡ
ʹִȣƫ
ѡν棬ȫȫүǵ˼ģж޵ޣƫңɲǷǳˡ
г񣬾طGܻܾ
˵ӣЩӣЩĶˣȻҲĥ˸ЩŮˣûбġ
ҪȻôܴһ鹬Ůͷ·˽ˣ߲ȥġ
ڴͲĿǷΧڣϾĸԸԸ⣬øүðңǲö˵Ĵͳ
ЦĿطGƿڣмǹżҵģӵֵСĽͷտЩĪί
檹ϵͷܵһίģżҵĹﲻί˵ҪЩˡ
־䣬ϴ
һƽԷôˣ˵ʲôõġ
˵Ҳ֣Լ檵ˣԹؿͷΪʲôҪżҵĹ檣˵䲻ģլҲֶһ档
˵ˣܹƳϵȻ׽ĺùƾżҵ޸ٻ˼޴´࣬α

 119 

, ˸Եȡ
һ, ƽ̧Ŀĵ, ֽôóԭ, 겻, ȴзƵĺۼ
ѹȸе, мֿ̱
طGȴ, Įɡһھܾû˿ӡ
µɵʱɫ죬ô˾ۼһ, ͼʲô, һС
Ҳûӵ£Ǽ, һƽƽĶûɺͽܸԷˣܽܵ顣
Ȼ, Ҳʮ»̥µģƾʲôһ仰͸ˡ
ܵʲôЮ, ûбŮ˸õˡ
˵Ӣڣ⸣ڣүð쾭塣
û뵽ϸѡĹŮ, Էһڻؾˡ
ۿطGɫֱӲ࣬ôˣڴ˿ͻȻص
˵أ
Щ²˵Ҫˣûģľµĺӣݲֲ⡣
طG˵ӣ񣺡ˡѴҪӲյˡ
ڵСһ죬Ҳû뵽ģŵļˣƴֵؿڣ˵ȢȢͣԼźүǣοүǲţ
ʵģֻ˵ĸͻˡ
⹬ͷϸ˵֪ʲô˼
˹ûЦһЦΣ䲻ū๡
ˬ͸
΢Ͻ񣺡ʺ밲򰲡
⻰һͷСͨͨһأ޲ֱͶء
ŵļҷŻʺ򲻳ɵġ
񱻻ʺײȻеˡ
ʺЦЦɨһۣ˰֣˸Ͻȥ޲ֱʧǰ
طGҲϽ񣬾ͼʺ΢׵ĴɫɨһۣȥЪЪĪˡ
ôĶӣһ㶼֪ϧʺĲӺˡ
ģϱȥܵģһ㶼ˡ
ô˵ȴһֱŵָɣľͷöԷɫڳ
طG΢Цɸˡ
һʱֻʣˣǱľ֣ȴʺƽˡ
ʺɫĮԼĺӣĸһ㶼׽
ʺȱû˵ءڡ
ʺÿÿ޲ֱһƺȥȴҲ֪ķ˲
Ȼɫϣ˵ɫƵãӦͼʺһۣĿڣԸСϵˣһСɡ
⻰ģɫ԰ףʺֺ޼ˡ
ǸС˵ȴ֮ڿڡ
ҧҧֻÿѪζ̣Ϊѡʲôˣ
ϲһýϵĸˣɲģʰޡ
̭ģ̭ϡ
ǰ˴ϣ֮ġ
ҲͰˣǸĸ˫ģѰ˼Ҷѡƫƫ˻ʼţͷϡ
Ϻõĺܣݲ๡ļۣӲģô뵽˹
ٸʺ磬δ֮Ժˡ
һ¶λһװ׵ĹΪŮޣʺЦ
øߴߴЦŰ֣ĵ޹أĪҪĳ¡
ҧ´Ｗǣʺ̻塣
ʺһۣƮƮڣʧ£졣
صĳͷ
ȥıӰٶһֻס
﷢£ȻûпҲܲµȻֲ˺á
һֱطGС֣ϸ׵βָ͵͵ȥģһɫ
๫
ԡ
ĸ硣
ɡ
һ飬ͼطGָ΢ס֡
ǹǽ޳֣رϸ¡
һƣ뵽ưڴϣжô
ȡžˡ
طG֣οʶﶨȻģͲصˡ
ʶҲ˼أЩȷ롣
зӣɻʺ￪ڣ±ûתˡ
ܾˣǷֹ֣ʺˣǾͲһˡ
طGҲóĬɰͰ͵İοʶд⣬Ҳȵڡ
һ룬ô£ɵҡͷʧЦˮڣ檵ģȻ·ӡ
⻰˵ģطGɫһݣرĿڣӡ
˵֣˭ҲȲô֡
ǡһֱۣôȴ̲סṴ¶õЦ⡣
ͼִҴҸò״ϽڣԸū澹һ˵ģ⻳Ҫģ˭Ҳµ¡
лҪ˵20

 120 

⻰һ, ۿɼ˿Цڣл䡣
ȵȥ, ϵЦȥ˼
׻˵ú, ӵĲϲɷŮ, 쾭, ŵĲſ֦ɢҶ, ֻŶϱ뷨, ʵټ
°ͣطGԴɻʣʺǰҲ㣿
ѹչ, ζطGտѾ, ʱЩԳŹע˵Ļ, أǰǡ
ǰȷʵһֱô΢ô᳤ôŤӡ
, ˲һ˵ȥˡ
߽, ŵһɢˣСװ׵ǣ۾˯ˡ
С󣬾ûôǱʱ, ģǹǳЦ⣬¸ˡ
⻳ﴧ̣ʵģټ⹬вһʮĵطΪʳͶˣЩ˵Щ鲻
طGϧϸĵҴҴӣȥ
Ҫŵʱ򣬻ͷһۣ˫գɫֲ԰ףշ绪
ⶼΪܵģ룬ԼǲĺӣҪȻôӼܵĴΪ
ָ룬ȻûĸԵ
ôţʩʩȻȥò˵ں̶ܴϼҵģҲеĸܵʰƣڹﲻá
رڵǰԷ׾ٵϽס
ȴһ˯ѣ˵үȥˣھͻء
֪ˡǾһ̥õ
˯˾;öܣҪһ
㶹ƿɺãʡ
ͷʵģʲôֻҪܳԾͳɣ˵ʵ
Ƴȳȵ㶹Ƴһϡгôһԣžû
ŴԼص˼ʺ󵽵ô¡
ڲ⿴ʺ£ѻҲ˽Щ£ûе⣬ʺҲҶʲô
ԴӴʶĻʺ󣬲طGеĻʺͬϣҲʷϲͬ
ô˵ʷ϶Ǽȶм䷢ʲôƫµ·ӻڵġ
ʺǴԽģҲԭװأЩȷ룬Щ¶̫󵨣󲻵ġ
δ£ʮһ޷ܣ˽ҲͰˣﰵ
ҪԼûʲôͼģ롣
ϸϸһʱշ£µĳţò˵һ޷ƿصĵۺ󣬸ΣС
˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
طGδı䣬Ͳˡ
̾һգ忴¶Ц˵Ϊĸǿò˵ΪźӣҲһ
ֲùͷĶأҲò롣
´ˣ鶯ѿǣ˵Ĳˣǣԡ
Сһ£ϽݸЩ᲻ãС᲻Ų
ءһ㶼ûпһڳԵ̵Ŀޣ𡣡
ǿЦһ£ſյ֣תͣŵĶվûס໵һ޳
˹һССͯЩ޷е
ءԽԽܣǿ޵޷ѣֹƽﲻϸǳԣһ黹ǧɹƭģһ£ͱﰡذصĳԵˡ
ԣĪޡЩ飬Ͻ壬⺢ӲǸǳˣԭһ¾ͺˡ
ĸⱻԵˣⱯ˾֡
ԣ´ٸһŶ˵ԼҾǵģƫƫӲ
ǳҭҭĵͷԽԽˣһԲ
Щ岻ȸ״Ҳһ߳ҭſڣ˵Ե
ǿһޣҲſæҵĸСź壺ԣޡ
޵Уǲ֪װµģԼ̶̵ĸ첲ȦסĲӣѧŴӣСؿڣԶ
ȵطGͼ㱧ңұ㣬޲òһ
ôˣطGʡ
ǻЩίСͰ͵ģһĿڣޣߡ
ǷӦһ㣬Լеһʧȥˡ
ǡ󿪿ڡ
طGֻſرܵĿڣ˺ˣ֪ǡ
ǡԡ͡
Ŷĵؽһ䣬ֿ򴺽ϸϸʣԣôˣ
ŷ¸ˣЩԶԣЦſڣҲûôࡣ
֪жжŵĸоͷһγԵǣŲ۾磬˭뵽ǣ鴷
ǣۼеĺöҪȽŶԵģΪСӺǲ˵ġ
վûסЦ˳


 121 

ǵûˡ
Ц, ཱུգ̿
ԡطGܵİοһ, Ŵˣһ, ȴǾò, ޲øЩ, ˴˹Ѫźá
û, Ҳ, ֱơ
ˣͷЦؿ
طGú, ҲþƯĲ, ûס˳գ¡
һ˵, ûסʲô벻, ֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
ĵһۣߴӵĿڣЩ
ͷôū, ūǵ˵ûñ˱š
طG͵͵Цٶ˵ֻǣ, Ƶȥ
Խˣž;࣬Сط£һЦ
ԽˣɻסطGʡ
Цҡͷܶסöסûκγ˿ԡ
иԭȣȵ˲Ҷ΢һ£㺹죬ʪ͸¡
رʱֲִԴŵȹӣᱡִҲװûʲôˡ
һ֣ȡ
ټϻʹȺ⹹죬ȵ޴
ڵٶ࣬ҲȲÿյ֣ʼˡ
ʱҲзȣеƶ׳Ʒ֣ҲôһãЩʡ
Ȼȡ
ӿɲܶãǶĪ˵ڣƽҲɡطGڣֱ˵
һôã˴˼仹ǱȽ˽ġ
˱죬޻˵Щ̰ǰЩ˶Ӳͣ
֪߶߶죬˼ˡ
طGɰģûסգЦԣȹһ磬Ρ
ңǰһЦɵ棿
طGͷȻǵģӲϺٻ
šطG˲⣬սЩССָȷһ飺棿
ͷ°ͣԲΣ뿴ԼһһŽӣҪң룬ˮŽ˵ջ̬

ջ̬طGظݣβζĿͷɡ
ɣô򵥾ʹӦˣЩţôߵһЩֵҪ󣺡Ҫ档

طGؿֱС죬ڵı˹ص˵ͷ
ⶼӦˣҸ̫ͻȻЩŵšš⣬üۼͦ۵ģмʵС
죬ͻȻ֪˵ʲô
ԷĳЩҪʵ޲زźá
ţͼطG§§ŵЦſڣԸΪүģүԸΪ
ĸ˵ŮŮǱ֣ϣ˭ȻΪ˭
ĸˣοһزʶŮˣ͸˼ңӦΪүԷԹˣǲܵ¡
㰮鶯Ůͷţһ䱧ԹĻûУɼǰ
ʲô˵ģԷһССҪ󣬼ֱ쾭塣
ɡ˹ԼĻС͵½һѽʵļ⣬Ƶǹˡ
ЦЦǾϲò԰Ρ
šӦһطGŴʣʲʣ
ҡҡͷ˹գֱ׳ڣһյϢ
طGϲϢ˵һˣһʱС
ֻǵĴ΢΢۽ǶȾϼֱ죬˹صЦϢɹ
˾΢΢׵Ĵ꣬ĵһۣ²ǲˡ
طG͵͵Цһһ͵ĽֿǸϣǹ淶ɶ
̥Ϣȴյ˸ж
ˣʡ
ҡͷⶼѾϰˣСڻСҲûʲô̥ʱڣһź޲ý߷ɡ
ҲпѾϰ˺̥ܹ׾ٵĽܡ
ӹԵĺܡЦ
طGظ
򴽣ŵĪ˵Ⲣʲô£̥Һ˵˫ӣڻʼұǴɡ
⻰ܸ˵̥Ľٶ˼
ٽᣬطGһƬչϸĵĸһ裬µĿڲ䣺Ͼȷ£ʱŪˣЦ
Ҿ͸㽲ˡһۣԼĶЦ˵ʮʮųҲеġ
һκˣĲˣ˵ԼĶӣͷһСӾǸܵһ
ʲôүϲطGü͵Ŀƽƽļ仰ȴ̺е˼
ֺһۣ̲סЦǣʲôϲ
Ҷĺӣ˭϶ᰮġ
šӦһطGԼ֪򴺽񣬵жôᡣ
峺۲Уضݲ£ӳ                        
лҪ˵20

 122 

Ѱġ
֮, ϦڶûĹˣ, ҲȵĲɡ
΢һŵĺ
ҡҡ, Ц޲һ¾͵, ֱӰСһ
Ǿ߶, תۼ, ת, ľݻơ
ڷ£ûһЩסС¡
һ, Щܲס
ȥһԶͷ̥, ˡ
ʱССԲԲһɵ, ²ɣûȿӡ
Ҳۣ۵, ҲĽԵÿɲˡ
طG, ﶼȥֻΧת
ʲʣʡ
ۿɼ࣬ҲԲ˯Ҳ˯ţÿÿ۵ĺߺ, ˶ƻƵģɫá
ɼ⻳̥˵һֺܴĸ
ʺƵҲľͣͶ밲ˣʱʱҪ
ǸŻ
Щ⣬ǲģʲô
ĸĲźүǣûаŵĵģȨûˡ
ʺ˶٣ǿӲ˵ǲ
һ˵ûʲôڼǰôһЩҪ˼ڡ
κԼӵʲôֻ֪õһѶӶϱˡ
ջ˼ʺſŵˣһʱۿ΢죬˵䲻ģܵκο޲֮
ееá
ʶ밲񣬻ʺϽˣء
ŵĸ첲ϸϸģԼֱ󵽹ͷһƵãʺԽˣԶදš
Ťʱ̲סüžۡ
úӦ£طGȥһ߷Ըʶϲϵġ
ææʺ֣СĶǸ΢΢̥̲סЦˣ⺢оԲԲСֻ߽š
ûо飬Щ˵׼
Ц֣ССһСӣȵ˶١
ʵ˵㣬ǵСѶѵá
ǽžʹôһ㣬żСˡ

ô˵ţʺھ͵Ԥڻжţ
طGǵñȴ๦򡣡
˵߻˲òװ˸£Ͻܰ˽
ʺȴ̲סһʲô߻˲˵ܶڶһһ죬ʲôǿ
е˵Żͼɫ˱䣬һѾ
עϣʱطG˲һʣˣ
죬ʧӣЩ£ԼĪǼˡ
һ˳ȶ£Ǽˮ
طG׾һأȻңȴҲ˼ɣǻʺͲˣͷһξһӾͻ
ԽԺ󣬱ûкӳкʹУĳ̶Ȳͬ˵Ҳ¡
ô졭һ䣬ŵĲӣڼУԭҲһŮģⲻһײ˾
ǣߣһЦԸڿͷȰԼʰ׵˱ʲôǿ
ԭû˵ĵأ˭֪ʺʵ̫ģһӾ޴룬ȫȻɱϡ
طGûչܣŴȥң·ʲôǼ죬źϴʰĸɸɾȴδʹ
һʰ׵طGԸʺͣǼˣ͵ˡ
ʺѾΣֻ֪һźţȵʹҪ㲻ˣŴҪˣѰ
Ҫģò˵һ̥ǳϵŴܲܰѸλøҴʵˡ
طGͷʾˣ޻˵һЦʺתȥˡ
ԭǽӲĹϵѾ̫ࡣ
ʺվЩźģ꣬Ȼúõİ
ȴ˲ô࣬ٵʱ򣬸ܾˣܹǶʹĲ񻰡
ȥĹ´֣˭֪ܹ͵һʹһʱûƽãͷ
һ˲Ŀֻţֱ޷Ŀ֣ԼôˤȻްģڵϣҪˡ
طG붼û˹£˫εĳסһˤ
ȵ䶨˶һ亹طGҧҧһδɻã
´Ŵһǰ㡣
ҲضãСɷףԼĶӣ򶨵Ŀڣ£Īš
Լסˣܸõȥ顣
طGͷüףԣүڣһɣɲˡ
˹գɵգգۣӦ֪֪ͷӺÆµġ
ֻܸοŵġ
֪Եһ̣ж
лҪ˵20

 123 

~׶, һһϣ
Ǻ, ʪǿһ, ԼС, һ̥, , Լ˯С
֪жൣĻ˫, տʼʱЩ̫ףף˫Ӷڻʼ˵, ζʲô
ﰲ˯ˣȴ֪ͷĵۺطG, жôš
رطG촽λε, ʾжô
˵ⲻŮڹŹתƣǹϵʲôСӳ
ҹˤ, ŻľĽڵĶ, ǵۺֱӳȥĽô
ϲϡʺĸ˫̥, ĸӾ߶߶˵ţڳӣעȫϣֻĸﱧŵ١

˫̥
Ǽװ
ʱ˵ĸʲôƵãò˵ﻹЩģϾʱߣһ׶ûУһġ
̥ĵ̶ȵĸġ
úúãƴЦ̲ס˹֮ף̩ƺš
ЩطGһ䶼ûֻһ΢ЦĿССӡ
̩
ĥĥһͮͮͰ͵СһȴȽͯҪɰ
Ϳǵĸоһ
ֻҪһƼ̲ס룬ʱǲҲڻġ
ŵۺطGһСתȥһӣЦпڣȥȥɣտš
СģľԵøⲻҪˡ
ʺ󲻱ȿö٣ҲͷҲ̧Ҳĸαˣ̥ǡ
ȻҲϲǣųǲһġ
طG̤ȥ񾲵˯գ̲סЦ˵Ӷ⽿Ҫġ
д̱ǵѪζһ룬;ϢһһƤͻŮӣҪܶϹ֮ʹδԹһ䣬һĸо
޷ᣬҲ֪
˵ָжĸҲãŮ˻ӣøӡ
ǲŹŹصĿ飬Ǽ򵥵һ仰ܹȥġ
ƻƵСطG룬Ҳ
طGûж޲ֱӿʯá
ܵȵߣӶݵ˯һӦӣоյģʱһǿѹЩЦķ֣ˡ
̥Ѿˡ
ɡò˵ƼطGһ˲䣬еίͺ¶ӿ˳˲ۿͺˡ
طGСĽȦССİԣԺŶ
üף޾ϺͰ⣬޲ֱӽɫ۵Ըӡ
šῪڣʼ飺ӳĶã㣬̫ҽˣǳŶ
˵ҲͿôۣͼҴҵĽˡ
ģ˵һ룬ޱȥһӣӵײһ
ʵֱۣ۵ԸӣǶӶԼˣ°ȫû֪
ۡĿڡ
޾ίͿطGһۿҲźˣٲˡ
ļŮˣΪһδεĴӹŹ̤
ίͰ͵ĵͷˣ󶼲ˣ㻻
⻰˵ľЩˣطGġ
 ô˵
˵̲סüۣǳ͵͵ЦڣҶˡ
⻰˵ģڲУͷС
ʵ̫Ķǣеδ֪ǰȴҲš
΢΢һЦѽˡ
ԼĶӣЩյ룬ĶƤûа̫̫Ĳһֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
ԽԽģ˱죬Ҫס
Ѻӱ
طGҲˣҲ뿴ӣССǰԺء
⻰һ˲⣬Ǳʺȥϡء
˵ŵĹ򣬾ͼʺĸֱӱӹжͰѺӴơ
ЦͣϸĵĽӷڴ࣬СһŰ˰ֳȥˡ
ǱŲýô˲ע⣬͵͵˹ڴߣԲ۾һ𾪵ĿţֱЩ޷ܡ
ôһҹ֮䣬ͻȻͶСˡ
ô
ԽԽľͰ͵ĿڣǲҪˣΪʲôô󣬼ֱ޷ܡ
죬طGһۣ̲סЦˣǿЦ⣬ȵܵÿɳˣﶼûлء
ͺÿˣһÿӴպ塣
ǲεС񣬴Щӣò˵⻰ǳû˵̥װƵá 

 124 

µǱ, ̥ʵˣС, ˵װӣһ㶼û
ںںСһ, Ȼװ, ҲǱȽϳһС
СͷСԵ, ¶Ƽ, ˼־¡
һ, ҲԼĺӣʶ˳֮󣬾Ȼмֿɰˡ
Ȼô, ſŴͷ˰ΣԾЩ޷, Ĭ˶˰ΣͶߵèһ, ӶԷ￴ʧ̲סꡣ
ѽô󣬿ôӴ
СһĸʲôƵ, еĶȴᣬСָǲ˲ܵõС, ϵЦر͡
ſţ̲סЦôôɰСֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
طG, ҲЦЦֻǳϵݣЩ΢΢ۣ̲ס˱䡣
˻
ţӺˣЦЦˣȵˮϸţĪҪˡ
̣ȽϺ䣬˿ڱȽ
طGĵͷһݺʹ֮ʹֱֵһᡣ
˵ţͼǵߵߵԼ·ŤŤСѼһȴŽżȥȡϵıӣһ²裬߸˵ľűӶ˹Ŭݹȡ
һҡǵӳ²軹δ߹ˡ
ĸжֱҪôôɰˣůĶˣһ΢ЦĽӹһȵĺܿĵӣ¶οЦ⣬Ҳ̲סЦ
ɰ
۶ǣֱԴɤӵͷһЦˣ
طG޻˵ȲһӣԷܿЩɺԣƫƫ˵ۣȴûз֡
ѽ
飬ףĵһˮ˹ιȣƽɽһŲˡ
˵ˮͼŷžŻŵĶ
ò˵꺢ӣǸտյģʵЩܣķȴûʲôãЩθģûһ̤ʵ
طGɫʣɳԱˣ
ҡͷιЦŵҲǳԲģ£ҵȻһˡ
طGԣĸϸϸĽ̥ͣţȻһ¾ͱ̥ˣ޿ģɲǾöֻǴѣɲܳԶˡ
ˡطG
ЦҡͷʱŮǼǿģֻۣܿҪԸۣʲôǿ
ǿַζģⲻǲܳԵģСţҲùЩ⼸Ҳ۲쵽ˣһþƢ갮֣һԵĸһµĿޡ
ߵʱһ㷴ӦûУԼСַʱĹԼСͣɰˡ
õƢǽһײУȻǸ¶Ѿˣв⣬໴ޣֱ˳ͣ¡
ɼͷүǶţǽи˳ģＫˡ
رСһ̩ȡ֣һ㶼⣬ҲԼ˵ĳˣףѧǵӣС
ԼǸСȴ庢ӵӡ
ϲ߾ù̩ǰ˾ͺ档
Ц룬̩үҪˣȥİԵӣ裬Ҳܸ޷졣
طGˣȻû˵Զ̩ࡣ
èҲԵøⶮ£Ƽ̥˯ʱ򣬴УͰ°͸ڴϣһĶš
տʼЩ£Ͼèǳģ˭֪᲻Ժ˺
ֱǰʱҪȷһ˭Ż±۾ȻڰſأŷЩ
ͷʵģʺʱʱӵ˼ˣʹ͸ˮһյտʼżֳϻ̳Ͽ֣Ѿľˡ
Щ䱦ǰ̫࣬͸һûʲôϡˡ
Ҳأʹ͸ڻʺֻ˵á
һϲҳ
ĵӺùˣϴ϶ͷͲʹˡ
رϴҵĸŮƵ۶ˣʲôʲô
ôһ룬ط|̲סüһʾǶЦΪŮˣҪˡ
ϸ룬ĻŮҲˣҲˣһ뱸ˣЩĶںͷˡ
⹷ĺŻʰڻʺ£ֱɶ˭û۶ࡣ
ƫƫǶǸۡ
˭֪ôһͷŮˣƫƫȸŹŮϡƻʺǸľͷ١ҵĹﶼȲϡ
׺ط|˼⡣
֣ȥʲô̽̽ӣ£Ͼ¼ɬţغܺʩΪ  

 125 

շ, Ϲźã̲ס˿, ׷˺üӣʵЩ, һⶬ, Щη
Щ, ΢ε, 㴵¡
ĺ, ڶر³š
үǵķԸܲӣһҵв, Ҳ֪ģ, Щ۵ġ
Ҳֻ֪оһƳļҵ, ʲôر֮һʰΪأĲơ
˵и, Ҳһֱôãһ, ҪүӳƫƫӲĸ񣬼ֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
үҲԸ⾴, Ϊȣһͷ㣬ײȥˣԼ˵ˡ
˾¶Աȣļҵĳֱ֣ûۿˡ
ԭһŮˣҲᱻ
Ϊֿȫ硣
˭˲˵ⱼΪ檣һʱûУֱȥ˻ϣļϵŮˣʢĻ˳Ůˣ˳Ĳ衣
һ̾Ϣĳڹſͣˣȥʺ밲Ƶȵ˱ʱĴɫЩˡ
δ£ͷϻĨбڴϣЦɩˣ
ϣ˵Ҳǵһļ񣬾ͼСװ׵ģ͸ࡣ
ȱȲůůӡ
Ѱһ仰鸴ӣ⹬ͷһȦϲϵĵĹУ˵ůůӵģһ
Ŵ˱Ȼ˵ǴպǽޱȣãļҵģҲضá
мǱģӷ֮඼С£ɫƺɫԡ
ǣ֬͸ŷۣϸĲ񻰡
ӣÿ㾪̾
βҲеĴҲаɡ
ôţЦϼֿɬ˵ɫеġ
ԷĿ峺ͨ͸Цģ˵ϸƽƽƷζ־ͷůůġ
үǵĽ룬ʧˡһŮһ϶ǵȻĽּʣȴòϣŮ˵ лҪ࣬һѶԸˡ
һ˵ûѹƵĸо崺硣
ԸǸʲôˣԼ׵ģþȻȽûöԷǾĵط
⹬ͷˣû˭Ѿϸ˿
ڲ׾е˲סˣе˲زס֪ͼı죬֪Ļ̥
ɸһģܾԴ
Ƶģһûһĸ󸣽죬Щӣ̲ס̾һ󸣽һǳϸĸ
һֱǳãţ;ۡ
һֱһûɿ󸣽˵Ů治ŮܾģԲܡ
⻰˵ֻܱǿţҪ˶þͻᵹ¡
໴ӣ¼صˣҲһŮ˽ 
ͼʲôء
ŮԼΪԼû˿ˡ
ĿȥϵЦޱ
طGʳн飬̲סһ£ʣˣ
˭֪ԷֱӾͺۿһѣһжĿڣҺҪȻ¿࣬ҳˡ
⻰˵ʵ⣬ϣһԸ㣬ΪȣΪˣ̫ˡ
ûбϣ֪İһ˲䣬Ǿġ
ʷϵС⣬ܳ裬˭뵽˼ӣûס
˭뵽ôŮΪǰͺ̣Ů˵飬ںΪ
Ů̫ˣൽǲס
֪ԭĹ켣ֻһͷһΡ
˲䣬ССĻɡ
طG§§ǽŵ㣬Ƿף죬Էˡ
һ٣ʱҪӲͼӵ㣬΢һ£ͻܡ
ӣûסʳڼϣζֱȿֺǿꡣ
Ҫιι
ӻţ˫̥˺Զȵ̥ҪĶࡣ
ԼĶƤ˿Ƕӻûʲô仯ԾɹĹĵģɵЩ䣬ЩȻ룬ѵԺûСˣ
Ǹ˵Ĺ¡
ȻطGȫûиܵıˣЩݣƴʳ
ߣԱ
طGĶڴ⣬βŻٳԵ㣬ԣ̫ˡ
ղŻԼЩʱˣཱུ˺Ŀ
ĺñˣ¶ٳԡ
ܾ
˭֪طGЦЦֱӵһ޷˹գʾ˼ˡ
ιǳԳˣٳԼڡ

 126 

ͨطGĲиŬ, һ㣬Ȼڳµʱ, ࡣ
ԭͲ֣һ, ֻ, ǶǸ΢, Գ
ɾ, ҲǸǰ, ˱ϣȻĿһ
¾ƺʢ󣬴Ϊĸ, Cλ˽, ָŹŮҲеĵӦ֡
ΪʾԶ˵ĿأۺЯֶ, ֻͣɶڰ˵Ҳһͽ͹, ֱҪըˡ
λȻûе, ˭ûиˣУˡ
ƫƫرȵסһֱŵЦ, ˿ֱɶ
ոոϣ˿ȺеķĬĬֻۣӦ⹬ͷʲôУΨȱ飬ɸദֻܸо棬ֻܸо飬ƶûС
ԽǺݹ˵ˣԽǿꡣ
Ǿú¶Ǻҹ΢΢һ⡣
Ʋסȥ׷ѰҲƲסӽ
Ⱥɢȥò˵ֱۣ۵˲֪˵ʲôá
ʲôûƫƫƣϮ
طGȻָоģֱӷԸ˱ˮϴݽôһͨȻʡࡣ
һɺЩ
ͷһۣҲиճµԭɹˣͻȻæµЩŲס
Ӥŵ˯Сһ̲ס¶һĨЦĺҪ̫ǧӣ˵ͺÿˡ
֮ǰͮͮͰ͵СһںÿһͿСװ۵ģ۽ẹֳ̈ôѰ˿ȱ㡣
°ͣҲпǴĸ˾⬲Ӷ̣겻ɧ
Ǵǵ̬ȿӦĳÿˡ
տʼԱģ¾Ͳˣ޲ױٸ߸ߣԼǸСƫƫóĲ񻰡
èҲ̥ߣҲץˣǬ幬СҲҪˣè˵Ӱӡ
ϵèѰˡ
һֻʷʵĲ˹èֿɰţӦΪʺģϾϵӣʵϡСӡ
Ҳ޷󣬿һֻཱུĲ˹èʲôӡ
ãò˹èŻʺﱧèŻʺôһ룬˲ͺгࡣ
̥ͷģèֶһֻ˹è
ݷǳ׳ۣһ㶼˾ͻᶢſΣĺӣȫûа취֪̽Էʲô
Ǵ۾ɵģ￴æĲˣʱֻᶢһطֱͦͦģȻƼмˡ
ڰҹ˯ѣ͵͵ϢǸǼҳ㷹
С˯ţһ㶯ûУһµģر΢ҪҲỳңûк
ССͦӣʵ̫Сˡ
һǣٴξȻúǾ档
һţһƵĸ̥ѣĺӣϲŸ첲Ҫܸ첲ͲǷǳѵġ
ûסʱ˲һ⣬һ
ϸֻضߣŵģˡ
СӡЦ
طGһô˵Цʣˣ
ŵһ˵˵˵ţɫЩˣŵܾáЩˡ
־㱵״̬һ첲
һָ̩֣ͷȥģ֣˵һۿȥ֪
һһΣֻĻңû˵ΪԼ˯ˣһʱ㱰ˡ
ϸ룬ЩۺЩˡ
طGҲüͷ͵ˣүˣ
Щ״̬ôǲԵġ
죬Щӿ˼ʱͻࡣ
͵Ц
ôǿҵطG˼Ǹʲôӣû˱ˡ
ʣˣ׻˵֢ҩȻҪ֪֢״ģȻ֪Ҫעʲô
ߣãȥͷɹɹ̫طGЦǣס֣ڴ
̧еһ㳿¶ҪܾĻںͷͻȻ˵ˡ
ءӦʣִ첲ϣ̧̧򢣬߰ɣСӡ
߰ɣСӡ
طG⻰ͷһҪһ٣ϧЩ᲻ãֻܽݺݵסǳ˼ĺĴꡣ
ͷǾԼϴ٣ϸǶ֪ʲôˡ
ǽЩܲס
ѽ
Ҳضã޴Ļ˻֣֪ˣŹɵסȴ˵ԲԵľܾ
ĿķǣطGˣȻΪ˾ᡣ
ԡ͵͵ЦЦǻ𶯶˴ݼ䣬ô۽üҶʱϼֱ糡

 127 

ξܾ, ĽֶǣṴ, ߡ
ķΩΩФ
طGЦĽ§, ͷ, Ҫȥˡò˵, Щεġ
һǳ֮, źʩΪ, ͷҲɿЩ
ڹͷС, ˭Ҫǫ֣žͱĻš
Ȼͼ, ЦĿһʣɵ棿Ȼǵ, ģʺѾ͸ˡ
˵Ҳǣԭڸͷ, ɵ̧̧ݣŪ
ͷ, ֱڹͷһ춼ȥˡ
ûл˵ģҲʹ󸣽һҲЩϾ, ԷˣһﰵĴûʲôط
Ͼʵ֪Ǻǻ걧˵ȥû˸š
ôһ˵Է¶˵Ц˵񣬴ЩΣ˵ʵƫƫš
ȻʲôУȻôôҪʲôʲô
ڴͷкŮ˵ӳˣͻԼԶȥһǳ顣
һĿӣ࣬Ͼͷ
ãⱱͷɷЩ
ϾˣطGŲԴҲЩ˿Ҫˡ
Դ˻ʺĵãǰţѶģǸŴһø׽١
ֱĻŭš
ȫû뵽ǴĽ
Ĳ²⣬ǵۺ⣬ٿǵ̬ȣֺԥļӲӡ֤˵Ҳ֪λǸ
ҪȻҲô죬ʱʷϵ̫ӦǸɶµ̫ӣĶ˹
Ҫѧʶ͹ضһһĺãû˭˵䲻õġ
ڵЩ仯̫һ㶼ûеġ
ꡭЩڻסǾ͸ûзּһôô͡
߳ɻˣδʱȻҲһġ
ͷһξʵЩ޴֡
ͼطGЦ޷ɻһ꣬ڲһʱ룬㾡ˡ
ô˵̬Ҫˣⷿöǣ𶼹ˡ
û뵽ڴҪԣˡ
˵ǷĳǵۺʹͣҲѼ
Ȼֻǲ֪ôʼҿ϶ƽزһȻѧۣûʵЩ顣
ҷİɣ٣ʹ;Ӷࡣ˵ģҲôܼƽϵˡ
ʹ;͸̸ϼƽˣ¶Ǿ
ǰͿʼ׼ȵ˽ڵʱ򣬲׼
һķȥŻ˿õӣȥʺˣԷҲúܺãŷġ
ʺǵ椣ϧСһ̫Сˣֻܱ
ǶˣС칾ߴߴûͣʱ
ƫƫʻȽ٣ʱ򻰵ߣȴ޿κΣĸʲôƵá
İۣ־ºÿۿֱܰ˶Ȼˡ
ڻʺǴãûһ򣬾ĸǣ֣룬ߡ
һһٵ˵رĺ
ʺȵĸβڻһ٣գ뿪ĿӰȥ
ȵǬ»ָžʺ̾һͷһξüį
ȵҲǳüչģ̾ˡ
һʱԣûпĻСߣ˵ʵСһ𣬲֣һֱۣۡ
ϲҪԼǣǻԵĺӡⳤҪȥ١
˵⣬һ㶼ûϷţƫƫʺЦҡͷһͬҲ˵ˣ⺢ҪԼĸߣŽȫ
ҪȻһͯ겻ҵλߣ̫׳ˡ
̾Ц
ʺζĿһۣʱɲˣôʺǺĲ˿
ǰЩӣڻʣ⹬ͷûˣ˵ֻڵһ䣬Ҳп˵
˭뵽ʺ޿κء
һ㶼ǿֻĸԸΪ顣
ǰȻΪģ֮󣬾ͷˡ
вޣĻʺϲ׽˵ЦƵã֪֪ûд
ʱļˣ˽ҲûʹֻǶϻʺ΢΢ۿһʱˣҲգһڣˣҲǲ̡
㲻ýҲû谭ĽӽĻ˵һЩﻰ
չ˼飬Сӱֱ޷ܡ
ĵ˫ʲô뷨ûˣֻܺúõģֻЦһЦʲôǿ
ϲԼһʲôǿջ
Ҳʵ˵ĺôˣԼĵв
ʺ΢΢Щ⶯ӣŮĶв                        
лҪ˵20
һԤġ崩֮ɫɡϲСɰղؿ
洩տǱ崩ŰС˵ΪŮĵơСøƤȥǲ乬
Ϊǧһ۵Ŀ粻ԸأЩ
ֱĳһ죬˿СܣԷСϼǵδ¡
ֵɴ˫ʱ򣬿ĶһЦ,ķա
ͷ念ЦѣãԷղŲƿͷǹǡ
1.ֻɱҡ
2.
3.һǼٵġ

 128 

⶯⶯, ɫį
١С֮󣬱, һֱСز۹, , һӰܻ
ʱ, ԷѾ˷ĵˡ
ʲô, ûмǴ, Тܲʻʺǰջʺ
˷ּ⣬ƨˡ
ֱ˼Ҿ硣
˵һε, λ
ԵɡֵĿڡ
ҲųĬ, һһģü۵ʹ, ҲЩ˸У̽Ž§ѧĵ, ˣǵĸ, ԵԵɡ
ʺһʲôĸˣ˵ء
ǣһ, Ťͷߡ
ԭأЩĪ
ôϱʱǽиһһ׼Ϊʲôֵϵʱ򣬶Է񣬱˵⣬ֻѴˡ
ȴ֪طGҲԼĿգڵĴͷۼˡ
ⶬպճ¼գɻôĵطȥϸϸ͡
˹գֲºӣֻȥźѣʵ̫ˡ
ЦЦĿطGζĿڣ˵Ҫ˵˵ſˣֻҪΪʲôô˵ͷݶˡ
˭֪طG˺죬ɡ
ɵۣ⵽ʲôɣʲô˵
ȻȵʱԼˡ
̼
ӣޱڴҹɫ
ɫոջƵʱͽϽˮԡҴϴϣһڴĿ
طG򱡴ЩΣⶼʲô£ò˵ʵ֮⡣
ɿԲļͷ޵ʹǺ޳ָۣ̿СĽţ޳Ĺǽڴں챦ʯ̿ϣÿһͿ
̿ˮԼЩס
ɫˡ
̿һһű⿪ˮһѣǽʵţĸֵչ֣ЩŲסˡ
ò˵Ѿδʲôҹ
ƼԼϲСϸʱЩŲס
»䣬ǿļȻսϸ֫չǰ
סۡ
룬͵͵ſһ죬͵͵Ĵ

̿ˮ̲ס֣Ǳĸ߸ǻ
طGպ͸£ͷһֱ߳ܵĽָͷ
ѾӦ£ȻǲʳԵġ
׽סҶС֣طGЦˣԣĪҪԷ١
ڸճӣҲֻױٸ߸ߣűӴ
òֻ˶ܡ
ȻҲ֪ģĵҧҧϸ׵ָٹ¡ȻҪһγԸ
Ҳ̫ĥˡ
طGҪ̣۽ǶǺΣȻǱˡ
۾ɵЦ־øжطGӦеһҲãطGΪҲӦġ
û˭Ϊ˭ʲô¡
ףȻ־ţһĥ˵СҲ޷

ůŨ
طGͷһξֱʳ֪ζ
ԡѹɤպ塣
޲ֱӽһʱ⣬Ի
ü۽ǶǴ飬ҧҧ΢׵Ĵ꣬εҡͷѽˡ
ŶԷδֻŵ٣ʵŲסˡ

ŶԷδ񣬴ͺͺԿǣ۾ܵԣ֡
طG۶ˣʵˣֻźĽ§պ壺õأ˯ɡ
ԴźεգһЦĽ§§ֱ֡

طGʱٶҲű˫
ȵڶһ磬ո˯ѣԵɵɵ˫ͼһ˫˫Ц峺ͣһһ
޾ᡣ
ɡ뵽ҹֺ
򶨵δ˵ʲôͼطGһЦһѱЦԣү㴩
ԴʺţɵĶͼطG¹ǰһص˼Ҫ֪ڸΪ˼¡
Ǽɫġɫˣϲ졣
ò˵⹬ͷѾʼˣʱҪϣǧļ
طGѡУǼУĴЦˣҺѶһЩɫ˵ʵǼҪǸŮװһֱ벻ÿվ¹ǰѡǸʲô
һѡ˴˵ɫ
ֱŵĳ½󣬴̲סЦԼɣ
ܾԼǸޣԷСŮеߣױ
ôţطGЦ⡣
үͺźź㡣طG
ЦЦõأġȻϲֺηֲû
Щ꣬һСأһ㶼öԷʧ                        
лҪ˵20ȷղԤһ

 129 

ʱȥ, ӶĹУƫƫطGº·
һͷ, ɱСССҪ, ū
طG, ҲǷˡ
ƽūǹ˿, ʵֿ, ˭֪, һͷķ˿㲻أҲǸ, ʱЩΣЩĹ˹, үŪ
ô˵Ȼӵġ
Ц, ºĽʰ׵ϴϽǰ, ǰЩӻһúüأͻȻ, ;øܡ
һܲ峴Сˣзưȣܰʮ, СԺʱȫֲͬĴ
˸Բ̹࣬бʳһˣ׻˵˾꣬ӿ졣
תۼ䣬Ѿˣ찡лСʱڻжȹġ
˵Сֵ椣̲ס¶һĨЦ
ͷ̥̥˻Ȼû˵١
뵱ǵʱǽиľսҲңҲң֮󣬹⿴Сˣܿһ졣
²ˣ࿴˫̥֮ϡĶһ죬
ġ
ԼСҵܵã֮ڣڹһȦ֮󣬻ԼСЦһ
տʼʱֹڿ֮ˡ
ѾΪˣΪĸףٶ˵ʲôҲ̫ˡ
ֻǿϧİ壬һͨƫƫš
˵ڿǰǿڶؿģҶС
ܵĸǰǶЩ״Ļ㾡˻ȥ
ֻϰᣬǵ֣ǰգǣʱǣŶ֣С̡סһʫ
ЦĽǣһһٵʫ׳۽СѧſǻССĽǡ
ɫԺֳʲôӣϰǲûзһǺģǴ治
ˣ֪ˡ
̾һ̧󹬷򣬵սΪɡ
طTлʰ¡
˵ҲǿɱӦģȴҪĶӵҪ˵С
ͷˣر棬Ĵ۾βЦ귨ԡ
طTȻһ˵ԵģֱЩ֪죬뵽ŶԷȡĸŲ˶ʲôû˵
ſɫкã޶ٲݣЦſȤ⺢ӻ飬귨ˡ
ЦЦĿһۣû˵ʲô
ǹ˹գһˣС߶߶˵ˡ
èץҧȻСèӣཱུС쿪Ҳһ󣬶ʱЩɻ룬ֻСֱӵľſ˵㣬⣬һڴĿ

ԣԼĪǳ֮ġ
˰ΣԾɲ䷨ֻһһĲ£èèץˣҧ
ǵɴ˫ۣ˵èèҧ¡
ҭסı飬طTһʱ鸴ӣԭʰ˶̫ӣôͰ׵ʱ
ƼһֻСèҪطT¡
Ƕʱͷ絷⣬ɵԡ
ģʡ
һʣôСĺ֪ʲôǵ·
˭֪˫۶ʱģ־ߣһʱҲȤߡ
Խ߾ԽϤֱʺʺڽЩɻ˵֮󣬾̲סЦˡ
ɲɣԵУֻһСЩɻϸͣǴָСӣ۶أôܸ
ܸҪȥҾԮԸ͸ˡ
ǻʱЩʧ䣬ֵһ̾ġ
ĻʺֻЦٴγŵԣȵèӳˣһֻ
ǰŰɣ֪ò֣ʱԽãԽ׳ӡ
У޸֤
һ˵ŴŲȷ뿪ˣȻص֮ŷӦ߸˵èѽ˵߸ŵĹ貹¾˵ˡ
ΣǰСԣۼèèʲôҪèӣ
һҵģè
ָ˫̥˵ŵװ׵ģԼҲУ椵ҲС
ôСˣСһ԰һ㶼˽
ЦģӦʵɣġģϲȸϡա
˵ҲǣЩʱգһֱһһСվ̥ǰֿɰ
š۰Ͱ͵ĵͷ٣߸˵תˣһŤͼԿŴٵѣȥСͨ졣
˵ǷǳȲˡ


 130 

ٿԼѴǰ, һη
ȴγ
¾ãԸľ, ô̲סһĨǳЦ

һβʱ򣬱æ, ¶ڵ, ֱĿϾӡ
㼸ӵ, Ϊﱲ, ˵Ƕ, ҲôʵȽϡ
ţϴҵļ, ౸Щò˵, ⼸δ֮Уƫƫ˭ϴһ, Ҫ˵һĶ𻨡
׵һڹͷ꣬ҲǳɻĵһͷණϤ, ʵȽæۡ
ȵһʰͣ, СԲһȦС첲СԲģ䣬ֺ, 
껹СŸѩɰôôϲֱĿȥˡ
طGǻ˵ʲôЩٳЩ
ǻᡣ
ܲסҴܣȥһ㶫ȥһ㶫ûԲġ
رҲ飬ԣҲȥǬ幬Ǭٿȣÿÿǿȥ䱦ء
ⴺѵҪ˵ĶطG˵ʲôȻ⺢𣬹ʶʹ
˵һǻ⣬˭˭ġ
ǵõ϶֮ӱ䱾ܣѧ˼˻̫ĿʼкرģȴҪϲ
˿ܺʹ죬ǺҴܵǣϤĲˡ
ȥɡЩͷۣ⺢ӳ󣬶ȻǸġ
⵹չҲ֪ӺʱͻȻͷ·һ㴺ѿϸ۵ɫѿߣǰʾŴĵ
վҪȥˣûͷһˣҲǸˡطGǳ
ͷЦĿЦõأ֪ˡ
طG죬ȥ˵ģƤ
ƤڹҲˮ֮ǹӱŵľҲʧˣÿɰ
ֻˣְֺޣ֪ôźá
ѽЦǰռϷ磬ɻӣеսսҲŬʵôࡣ
һЦһЦſڣվҪˣֹסڴ
˵£ůӣһ룬;ڴС
ʺﴫ٣˵һãСһֹ˹˵ĵס
ЦŵͷطGЯǬȥ뻹̥ˣýָͷҲ֪Ȼ᲻Сˣǰ
ǵʺһ㯵ĸпﵹܵסֻҪҪˣͿģû֧š
˵꣬ͼһϧ
طG죬˵ʲôʺֽ˵ҲͦõģֻǸ᲻ý
⻰;ϸϸƷζ;Լͷֵһ
طGޱ飬ϧ˹ע뷨Ҳڣ¶ǽơ˵ϲûʲôˡ
Цͻʺ۵ʱûסһЦһоڲС
ò˵ۺ̬ȣô࣬Ҳɵøпĸߣ⻰˵ģ˭֪ô˵䣬ӻǶӣȻΪһ仰ˡ
־ůϱ˿ʱ򣬾ȻԸš
ʺСȻǸСɰ
һͷСȰȵģֳԷߡ
귨⣬ߡ

ֻĵۺϲ£죬޲ֱӰȥ
رһ֡
ĶЦ£죬ˣԾôģʲô㣬Һϲ㣬ſھټϳĺÿǸЧˡ
͸֮󣬾Щ꣬ӣǲɡ
˵Ҳǲ̫໨˵ʵɺʵ
ΪѵһʵˣãôȴúõĻţҲҺٵģǻˣͷݹƶ׸ˡ
֣򡣡ǾС죬һĸʺ󻭱
ӴˣʺӤһף֪ҪأЦĻ֦Ҳ
ˣϾ͸ˡ
ǵʱ򣬾ԵӺͰס
ԡǹͺͺСԴЦȥ
ȼ뿪ϵıһգ˼ĿһȥıӰ
ʺ̾һͻȻЩһڸϣһյ˼ûС
һĳĶգǱĩá
˭֪һζĿҲ̲סЩˣ⹷һʵǿɺ޲
ڻʺɻУͣһ̶ûţЩ£Ĳˣỹճ˴
ȼ綼æƫƫȫľѡ
ʱҪľڻλϵ˭治һˡ
ΪģءЦ
˵Ҳʵֱ˲֪˵ʲôãŻʺЩ͵񣬿ţȻѾۣٶһЩ
콫Сһ£Ҳ˵ˡ
ʺһ£ĹһͱЦ§һ⡣
СӣЩܽܣβŰοԼһ㣬УȻǰҵģڶ㣬ǿ϶Ǻġ
ôһ룬ʱƽ࣬Щ꣬⺢ôأȻǺ˵ġ
Щĸΰȷʵ˵ĻֻһСӵ˵Եø
ôˡʺü⣺ЩǸ˭ѧģ
˿ȣֹס󣺡ˣСѧġ
˵ƽնô˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ֱд
ѧһĿޱ룬˵Ȼ˵ڵġ
ʺȻҲ뵽һ㣬̲ססؿڣ˵ҲǣʱҲѿڶʲôϲϲġ
ͷʲô֮˸ת׳
ʺ̲ͣסЩڴǴˣ˰β̧ͼڵɤӣתˡ
ʺ󣺡
һʱ֮䣬벻Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
˵ҲǶصģ˭֪ôһ仰˵ڣҲ֪ɬǲֵá
ɫįЩտյܣԭΪҲ꣬Щȷˡ
üЦЦˣԭͲ£ǱСˣⰮģ׳ڡ
ֻ﹣һٿʱЩЦˣЩӲǱӣ۾۾֮Ķ˳ۡ
ҭһһ£᲻ÿʺֻŭĺҡ
ԼŭĻʺôҲúöУŸԷ˵
ʺ󣿡ỽһ
šԷӦˣͷûС
һֱԷߣӸµĸ˫۽̶齼䣬ݷ
ʺôԵһʱЩˣȥЩڴߵĻ˵ˡ
ԭͲһԥˣһʱĻ˳ˡ
ǲ֪ü޾͸Ĳ
ʺԽԽò񻰣Ǻ˫ˮĺһۣЦһ䶼ܽ£Ը룬檽˶ٻصˡ
ʤֱ
˵ҲԼл˵ܸúýѾòˡ
ɣ˵ˣֱһ䣬ʲô¶ˣϾԷء
ϵףҲһеĹ¶С
ԭУڶܹ࣬һݶˣһҲ
˵ʵӵǧ֮˭֪ʲôиߴʤ
໰˵һ˼¶
˭֪ᱻͷ˽ʲôڴֻʲôԸȥ롣
˵꣬һƽƽˣҲ
򵥵£˭첻õĺˣûУ¶ɣ࿴һۣ˵ǿˡ
лҪ˵÷ʡ

 131 

, ¶ů⣬㹻ϲ
ۺ˵ľ, ˵ֻ֪Цʼųˡ
˵˷ϲ¾ˬ, е˼, ô˵, ϵЦݾЩס
, ˡ
ϲ, ֪ģӭһʢ
Щпⲻ֪, Ȼȥôãֱ˲š
ЦĶ, ЦƵһ裬այİٻ, žϲ
Ȼǻ߾Ӷ࣬ѿ⻨ȴԾɴеøС
ûײŪһ, ƷȷʵǼõġ
ⴺһ˲䡣
һ, ڻҪ󼫸ߣǻǶ䣬Ҳʢ֣Ҫĵһ, δ
ɡЦ
ϲ̵Ӧ£תȥЩ˼Ŀò˵ﳤˣˡ
Ȼ˵ִʱҲǸС£Ѿɣ˵䲻ģһֱɻ飬ҪȻҲѡ
һʵʵ⣬峯ŮرǵۺǰźģǶݵˣŮŮȻǰбȽгɾ͵ģϾˣŮСҪѡ㣬˿ƾ١
ΪԣֻҪ߳ױΡ
ūȻܸӡ
ǻʺǰĴŮǸƷٵĶС
ɲֱܸҫ⹬ŮѾʮ壬һǳεִͣǷ绪ï
Ƿʮͳɻͣôѡͷǳխˡ
Ůӳɻ磬кҲȵʮ꣬˵ĶѾɻˣû˻ȥһûδδ
⹬Ů󣬹Ĵ಻̫á
飬ȻҲҵģ绨ĴѹֵͷѾˣûЩҲǱȽٵġ
ɥż֮֮࣬⡣
Ǹʵ˽ܣľѡ¶ϡ
һȥԿףǿˣ㵽ϣǿıʧ
֮ʲô£ʵЩܲܡ
ôĲá
ųôˣѰŮͬĵطڣݸûлΪıļˡ
ûѰŮļҲơ
ʲôʱֱͺԿǡ
ţͼطGһǴЦ˽
һһ
²Ҫ͸˵ֱе˵ֱꡣ
͵ŶԷߵǰЦ˵һЩ黰ٽ⻨ݸ
еڴ󶼻ɿա
ֱϣԵӦдżΡ
ޱ顣
ŶԷֱӷ÷ƿһ㶼ת䡣
طGЦÿô
ü΢һĵ÷ƿл֦ĸߵͣǰӳŷҵɫ͸ɬԣԡ
ÿ̿ˮ
ĺÿ
Цǰå׵ָ򢣬ǾµϿһڣ΢΢𾪵˫΢ţɵֱǴ꣬ǳֹ
طG˳ס֫õǡ
˴֣Žķ⻨֦βֱ͸ң
ûһϰµģʧ
طGɫ΢Ť򴺽һ棬Ȼľô롣
֦Ѱƽ͡
ԭֻչһ±ǣȤ˭֪һ ɼ˽
뵽Щ䱦ʱһ˷ҲޣʵЩƽƽ
ǰЩһ÷˵辰ʵǺ̱ʯƳɣ˵ֵǣüͷû̧һ£ֱջؿⷿˡ
˭뵽֦۰Ͱ͵ţֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
˹գҲ֪ⷽϣ˵뷨ȻرģǳЦŵѰֿɵãأ쳤վõĹӣ䱦ĵֿɵõĶҲǱȽġ
⣬֦Σ޹ؽҪˡ
һ仰û˵ڣطGܺõˡ
ү֪ˡͣβЦʲô£ܸү˵ǣĶЩ£˵Զ֪
һЦһ
ò˵طGǸö󣬲ִܷǹŴǶǧѰ
мҲ벻ˡ
ౡЦһڡ
ò˵ᵽ֣޲ʱʱ̿һһӤҲֿ
ոǹתĹǴ͸Լʶһֻ
طGãΪߢסĴ꣬׸
ܸˣЦ
ЦͷϾܳȥˣͲˡ
Цüۣͫǹ⣬˵ЩΣյĵز
ԡǳЦŽ§                        
лҪ˵ˡֱԣĶҲҪ

 132 

ⷲ¶Ρ
һյĹȥ, ת͵˸óӡ
һû˯þ޲첻ͳ, ʵһõӣջͷң, ֱ޷⹬еľִ
رϵ, ʺǴԽ, ⿵Ҳԭװ, ǿ԰Ĺע̶, ӦǱ֮࣬ϾһˣôҲ޷һӱ˵ĺӻķˮ, ռȵ֮ᷢչԼɺͺӡ
رڻʵλ, һжôֿɵá
λλûʲô뷨ͲýժĿ, ֱӽļڻʺ¡
Ǹǻǻ㲻
ȵˣЩ곤ĺҲ, һӲͳͳ˶ˡ
ǻʲôڵ, Щϴϴ˯ɡ
˵طGȻʤһΣȻҲʤڶΣֱӹɵ¡
ô, վǳ硣
ӥһ˫طGҲû˯۾Ÿ˯ȥ
˵һǳ꼤¡
Ҫ뿪СɵĻˡ
ǣ빬Щֲ͸ı
ֻǿ󣬲и໰Ȩôǰʱӵ档
ǰΣͷţǻᾴ֣ҲǸϺÿΪѵ£һ㶼uû١
ϣֻͬϣ̧̧Ĺ򣬾ͿˣΪ𣬲ܰί
ţڽ硣
ڶһ磬е˶ˣڳ˯Ͼҹ˯Ҳǳеġ
Сʮİõ죬ɤźĸĸ~
һʮʹ죬ٶ˵Ҷ֪Ļ̰˯С
طGüű۵üģŵѹ
˭ûеˣһֱѹֵĺܺãûбֳǴ˯ʵͱֵˡ
Щԣ͸ոձ۵Ĺ򣬾ͱһ˶µġ
طGﰴ˰û£˯ɡ
Ǻ޷ģһת˯ˡ
˯ʣͷĥ˵ĳڣ򱡴˼һ׺ݵš
طЩȫȥһڶ³
ҲˣҪĸǺڳɫ̫ˡ
ĸ磬ˣֺõЦЦطGŵ֣ڵر󣬼װڡ
šһطGһСܲͷһɨǶŵĪɩӻ˯ء
޶˶˵ıһڹطãӵĹˡ
ҪǨҪһءͣΪĵƣøܵƺ
طGһۣûһȥء
ȻǡĪ
ҵĶطGѼаۺãųǰڰ֣ʾȥǰҪſں֡
˵Ҳǣطˣ֪ôԺſڣվԶԶģȻ֪ǲԵģǼСӲ֪Ǻ޲ֱӳȥ
⽿İҹ˯ţ⼸ҲضãطGԼһӣҶģһ˯ı˭
طGĬŸǸϱӣǴСǳ˳̲סЩΡ
Щֱܵܰ˵ǹʹˡ
СʮǺ˵գĬˣָʹģҲСˣĺӣƫƫһۣ¶Ҫǰ䣬ֱɺޡ
ŵĻңԺֱۣ˯ˡ

 133 

ȴʰ׵ʱ, ̫Ѿˡ
ܵ˯Ļ찵أطGȥ, ƨһƣ˯, ɵúЦ, ȴڣ, ˡ
⻰ʲô, ֱô, طſˮһ෭˷ܲѡ
ֻҪܳ˵, һҹ˯Ҳס
żС׸, ˺ƺƵĴȥ
ʺҲûסֱ, ʰõĳӣŴֿֿᡣ
С˷ܵĸʲôƵ, װĻѾԺһ۶ɨġ
ʺЩ, ǰҲòǣϼˣ벻ѽ
ԷĹɣҪǮһ, һӦҲӹɵġ
˭֪ͷҲأ˵޷ӦҲǷء
ʺĿһ˵ʵڻʱѾˣôĺӣһʵûа취ȥϧ֮ġ
ǲһճĹעУŴеڻṾ˵
˭֪ôˣֱĸζˣ֪ô˵
ǡ룬Щģ治ˣ
ôһ˵ڸ˸񣬹˹գɷܣֹԹŶ㡣ǷܾҪͻˡ
ЩεӣˣСӹ߻ˣôЪˣǳϲøǹС
뵽£ʺȻҲ뵽ġ
˺ˣ߰ɡ˻֣Ϊʧ䡣
ûһҲһһĹˣȻɢ·ơ
˵˵ڹ͵ķǳʡ
طGЩлԴ빬ɽˮĸ
ʰꡣ͵͵Ļȴֻһʲôû˵
Щδ֮ԣȻûиڿڣȴǱܺõ⡣
СӡЦ
һоڲС
طGûж˵ʲôүһۣ糿е¶飬޾Ĺʵʵȥȴʮɫۣ޷̽ӵԷʵ뷨
˶ˣôһۣŲ˭Ҳûж˵ʲô
ȳʼߵʱطGӰ׻ûг֡
˱ۣʱһұݣⱲûĸԵ˱ˡ
֣ζǳŨ
Щģ́ͼɫƽƽʲôݣŷ
µµǰߣʹɫһȥǺǽͫԽԽԶıЩˡ
𽥱Ѱ߷ſڵʯʨӣҲԽԽС
ϤĽ棬
˵ˣСʮҲֱۣ˫۵ɵԲһ棺Ǻ«ôʡ
Ǻ«ǳԹԭʼʵû
ò˵һַǳ顣
ȱĳУÿһܳĶ͡
صطҲȲסˣԵһ⿴
ֱҰˣһ̾ͷ߸˵ϲ
СʮĿСһۣЩۣͿѣºץˣӡ
һȺСӴһ󹾹Цһۣʱط׽ˣݺݵĵ˻һֱעⴺطGˡ
ۺʮطҲطGĶ֡
Ƴһۣطʱһλĸ绹һĿڣɩǸˣΪʲôҪ˵İۡ
طһҭĸǼᶨίίĿڣɩǸţǲϸҪ
΢΢һеطһ˵޷죬ĸ磬µԷһס
ɩܵܲõ㡣˵ЩίĿŵĵˣγѳ֪ûгҲûнҪľжġ
ЦĿؿ
ʵЩطGԸΪĿҲţûбҪˡ
ƫ˭ܳء
һЦǣ֣˵ʲôطGɫطҲ࣬û׷
طGӣǺгգͻȻЩۣһԸͷһԸⱻͷֱǢ˾Լرࡣ
˿̣ΪʲôҪ
Ҫ˵֮ûκܶһַΧСС͵Ϊ
ǵǿˣŤͷڴһڣҪǺ«ѽ
طЩԭѰĸӼദģСҲա
طG˵ʲôһӦ£á˵žͶȥǺ«ⶫʱʱҪһΡ
ط۲ָ򶨵ĿڣɩҲԡ
ֻ̣Եʲôᡣ
ҷİɡôˣСʮĶ˵ҲǸӣȻǺ«
ĸ֣ʲô˵ˣʲôҲû˵
һ㶼ġ
ɶԷѾ˵ˣֻðסȵǸץӷΡ
һĵţطƨɵ¸һǳ
λ˹ͷñȻˡ
ЦЦָͷ˼ÿԷͷջĿ⡣
һתͶطἫˣָͷ״ʲô˼ֻô
طGƳһۣСûУǻǲĹ
СƤѵü˹ɡ
ÿڡ
ɫȴüСӶ˿תΪıݡ
ЦЦһۣŽӹݹǺ«
ſҪƲסطȵݹȥ
ţֻ׽˸ǰŻô¶
ϲЦտطGȭɤӣűûȥ
Цŷˣǳڣ漴ȱȱķһߣСʮȴ䱦Сһһҧš
Щڹͷõʳȴƫƫƽζ
һ·ɫۣǴϤĽɫطGҲƽƽطȴ˫ۣĿ˼֡
طɫȴСʮһޣڻ̫ǰȼҪյĶ࣬ﶼôὲҲǳˣû취ͨѧˡ
̫󰮷ȾҲмַԡ
ز
ʹͻӸ֮벢Զǳû󹦷򣬾˴ſڡ
ΡʯʨӣͰǰ
ҡ
ֱĳԺطGڱסɫ¶һĨ΢Ц
ԵĴЦģ΢գɧġ

ûעʱ͵͵ǣס֣ž̤ʵǳЦɫἫˡ
ط俴ʱһͣ⹬ͷĺӣʲôģССͱ
ĵҲôãҪðĵط
ʰ갮ݰֳݣǶۣﰮݰͷ̫ණӵԸȥӴ
ʽҲȴΪ͵ߡ
ΨĸӲ˵һֱԶԣ׷Ѱϰ˵ĽŲҪĸѵ䣬ɶԷӦƽƽǿһȡֵĺӡ
ǰȡ֡                        
лҪ˵طȡ֡
طG
طա

 134 

ϰϰ
ůůĻ, Ҳܴҵζ
ǳЦӯӯطGһ, ڸſڣųʷȼ, ž
һַǳĵ, ϡ
Ҵȥ, ʣ, š
ò˵, ҲǼˣɸ⸮ۡҲǲһĸоܾͷйһЩ, ¶һᡣ
һƬǺģЩȻ
ǴǰԺϵԺһ, źģһðһ, Ŀǡ
ϲĻǺġ
·ҪߵġطGЦ, ˵ϣæҵʱ, ܶǰԺ
Цŵͷõġ
¾ǺĿʱĿͷ׵Ļ䣬ÿĲ, һǺĻ䣬˵ļͷϣɫĻˡ
ǳЦȥϻ䣬̧򢣬Ȼ䷢֣ԭʱͬգǸ͵꣬Ѿˡ
Ŀȥתࡣ
ӵĲֻһۣ̲סҲƲסҪ
ôģô
Χûע⵽ǣţСӡһǡ
Ϊ಻һȴ
ǿ籩һϮطGüˣƫƫδʲôԷּææȥǳֹ
Ũͳུһ⣬߻ʧˡ
طG߽Ƹɣֱӵϣĳ˸ʹ졣
ˣٳԲᡣ
ÿһÿһÿһ̣
ѽӴݼૡ
òˣҲ࣬ͳдŴԣһͿ
ǹѹǾЩڵζˣֱöֱӱըͷˡ
ؿڣЩܲˡ
̲ס˫ֱ֣סȻҪֱӳԸʹǡ
䣬Ӷ们ӵĴ䡣

㡣
صԼۡһֲͬĸо
磬¡
Щԣһʱѷ֣񴽳һ꽻ĸо
һֱ˷ܵ֡
΢΢ͷ۽üҶżֱ죬ⴺ⿪ŵĺĻ޵һͿ
ԶԶţ̲סߢ֮⣬ֻŽʢһ䣬ưš
طG§§̲סЦñǼĥıǼ⣬˴˵ĺĥܲ
Ѱ磬ŵص㲻ͬŶЩ˶ڣԵø˺޲ô˿̳Զڻ£˴顣
ȼطG洺ϸʰˡ
ֻⷢٵЩˣһƷ˿ɢ£̺ߣӵķ֡
طGɫЩ
˶һۣеζ𺳣һʱ使ߵĴ˫
طһתͶϴߵͷһһ׵ĺˡطG⣬ɫһգһĸӣܣǸӣŮ鰮
ȴ꣬ɩĺÿֱԺԼĸڴ֡
᲻Ҳôһ绪޵ŮڴĿ۶
ȴ֪طGĿһۣת˷ܵС˵СʮģԷǳ׵Ұˣ˵ĸҾңԼȻôҰôҰ
ĸ磬㴻һ˸ѡ ߣߣӣڴĿȥ
طG죬ü
Сʮһ⣬ʱ쿪ڣоͲôʲô
طG˹ڣɡ
򵥵һ֣ȴСʮĿļˣֱӱҫƣҸңǡЦѿ죬һ㶼Ȳס
طGԭԴ˴ЩС̲סҲ˴ǡ
߰ɣšطGһӣܵܶʱ缦ɵĸںͷ
ںͷ⼷üŪۣСС
ڻʹбŵЩͷųֱ͸޳Ƶá
⼸СӣطG뵽ԼտʼܳʱҲǺõȥֱǾ档
ôţȻЩȴɣѵóһΣݾͷݰɡ
ǷǳӵģƽڹгԵģһû
طԵľ漫ˣԭܳԣԭԳ
طЩȴҲûס˫ģԵͣôŹǣûʧ̬ȡ
СǷӯ죬ֻŲϻعˣҪֱڸۡԶԶĹ
Цҡͷ̿
ȵԹֳȥҰˣ⸮ۡǵһĹ⣬Щϲطȵţ̫࣬׵ġ
⸮ۡƵʱ򣬾кڣЩаȫʩȡˡ
ϸš׻Щġ
ǵߵߵĸںͷΪˣô档

 135 

õʱرݵ, ճԹţ˭֪ת۵Ĺ, ɫͲˣƣ, Լ˯ˡ
ط, ȴȰСʮģĸ, һٳǡ
Ų, ʱͷ, Ĵ
ЦſطGмֻܽˣֻҪ˵һ, ҹͺˣͿԸⲻԸˡ
СʮȻҲ, գգ۾δ˵, ϰһº͵ĿڣĸһĸͬȻΪ㡣
һ仰Ĺ򣬽֮ľ볹, άһյĺгգ˲ɫ졣
Цһ, ȫӻ磬ת˵Ե ´ɩȥȥ԰档԰ططG˺üΣʱΪԼ, һֱûȥ
Ȼ˵Լ⣬ȡ£ҲǲԸɵġ
ȻҲ֪԰ģԶʱСʮҪųɣطGһۣʱʵʵϻس
᲻ãһֱͷ棬ػ֪ģѣҲһǵֳʲô
ϰôһڣΪˡ
˽ӻԼӵСšСʮҲһԲ
ɫ࣬һʱҲû˵ʲôü˳۵
Ŀͼȥ֮󣬴Ŵ˸ǷĿڣϰѽ~˼䣬㲻ٶ˵תͷĻ
һοɾˡ
ƯĲ񻰡
طGǣڻ£Ȼһ˳ʶֶĿĹʡ
룬ոչȥõĹȴѾһ𺣿ʯˡ
ʲôطGǳЦʡ
ڹͷԵĺͷһֲͬϵ
ãҪ¿ζҲӦġ
ͷ룬ſˮڣԿѼˡⶫԲ࣬ôڣĲɡ
ƫƫʱʱֻ
±Ѽצ֮ģǸζ̲סʿˮ
Щ˵ûһˣطGЩΣЦſڣɣЩ㱸£ǲܵԡСȻȲóӣɺѰһҲǲˡ
ôСԣԼڣҲǲᱥˡ
˹գЦŻأɡһӦȻԷʱ򣬳ʲô͹ܲˡ
Ȼ֪Ĵ㣬ȵǰʱ;ãԼܵĴ
رȡ
ҪĶȫУЩˡ
һѼһצƬѼ
ŵװףһġ

죬̧״Ҳ̫ˡ
طGԴЦ£˹Ŀʼţ㰮Բ˼
ȴûйô࣬ԼĲͷôİʳʱϲЦտһڣˣֱʹ졣
֣СཱུģʳʱһһģųԵˡ
ž˾ʳĽ࣬һ׷
طGԵĺãҲŸˡ
һǣ֣ͥԺУʵˡ
ˣǣֻ˻ΣգǵطGߣЦĿطGȴԾɶĽǾСķڼͷ
~ЦǰϣͣĴУݼݼݣ
ЦݣҲЦЦĸ磬ҲҪ
ҪЩˣطGǲ̫ߣֿͣǣֶֻæĲӣ۽üȴ㡣
ĻԺ˵ʳһδеĶЦ۵ֻ
ԣȥ˯ɡطGպǣŵ껹档
ǵͷĵˡ
ʵæҵĲ񻰣Щۣ극Щס˯ˣɵıĸԺȥ
һֻèĶԼèϣǳӦĿΧ
ţôˣ˼ˡ
ٵıˣطGڴȥԡؿ飬ʡˡ
ԣȴڴϸϸϴ˸裬ת磬ʱԭء
ûһ죬ܿ龰
£ҶûѪҪȻʹˡ
ȴˮֱҲ֪ԭŮȻ֣Ҳضá
ͼطGĲţĳţǽĴһǣԵóӵˣͬŮ磬һַǳʵĸо
ļ򣬽ϸ֫
ɫˡ
̿ˮŲʱδ߽ͼطGֱӽ𼸸ֻ»ƵһյԶԶģЩ
⵹Щʵˡ
ûȥƱӣ˳̽˽ȥļ£ָм
һĵˣԼԼԽԽ߽Ȧ
ԡڣ˫ˮģܻӭ
˵¿ˣԽԽÿ
ԭͼ¾͸ӵˣطGˣԵʱ򣬱Щסˣۣ뻳С
˿ڣȻҪĳԸʹ졣

Ъգ˺üˮѹֵЩͷų
ճ죬һŽţſڣ;ɤЩɬ׺ݵҪȥˮȣƫƫⴺֵɤĿˣֻ˺޲һΡ
ɡԹ˵ҲǺ棬۵һƫƫǴ
һ˲䣬Ź㡣
ˮһϸļĴб֮иطGɫȴԿסˡ
շҪʱ䡣
֪޾ĺˮв֪ԼҪһΡ
ƣ۵ĲɣһЩ˯ţ§௵˵С˵ر˵ٵϱҲһ졣
ĺǣԭںˣһΰҹˡ
ȵڶһ磬㶼Щڽ£ˣ˱㰲ĵˣ
˲ٷǮɣ̧ʡ
룬ֽ˵һ㣬ȥׯӣʱͿȥׯ档
Ǯ࣬ȥҲûá
Ƿ⣬Ѿˣ˵ԲǣҲһ룬Ҳ͸ˣöر죬õĲ˼顣
Ҳû뵽һԼΪţʮӶʲôֻһְˡ
ϾҲܰôѩȫһˣڸͷ档
ׯôϲ򡣡طGÿɷ
лҪ˵Ҫ仰̫ˡ

 136 

ϲ򼸸, ʵ̫ۡ
ãǵʶʱ, ˵⼸֣˵Ϊ嶷ء
Ҳôһ, 뷨, Ǹ, 䲻
˭뵽, ӾȻߵһ, Ҳʵ벻˵Ϊ˭, ڶ࿪ġ
޲úطG쳤ؾãʲôʯ, ڲ뵽顣
ԭ˯Ĳãҹ, ǲˣʼ仹ǼǵãȫطGĹ۸С
ʲô, ֪ﾡ
õءЦӦˡ
ׯӵ¶, ʱ̹࣬ת˵Ե֮ǰŵȥ԰棬԰ڴպЩձȥɡϾһʢʱ, ʵЩڲ˼ڡ
طGͷ³һɵó˼
˵ʵڵģʵµݵλʵЩ׼Ӧôˡ
ʲôεİգ˵ǵ㲻ϣ˵ǵӣǻʶŵģʱû˵ʲôĻᡣ
µǸڻʶ£ĸ֪˵ˣǼֵܣ̬ȾͲͬˡ
̫ӣʱҲûģ˼ء
ԵĴϸգΣ棬Ҳ
Ͼ˵Ҳһµսݣ·Ӻߡ
̫̫֮ӣ˳ĸ֡
ȻԷ˳̫ãҪʲôԵô㲻˳
еıȻҪͼ֮
˵Цţ
طGššü⣬򴺽׻ǵͷӦʡ
ɣǱôӽţͲţйĸ
еСͷøˡ
һۣôıֱ޻˵
ȵʱ򣬾Сɰһöƫƫòǵ˵Ѿ޷ǵϲĹˡ
ϾСһ֪ɫˣòСˣԸ࿴ۣС̫ƽЩǽив۽ǣ͸һ
Ҷò
ǿֿŵСˣһ߹ɵĺ
ϧ֮ǣ̧һŵĴĳڹеӲСˣ񣬲ûܹĥӡ
ôһۣͱ
طGС۵ĳ̶ȣԾЩݵģʲô⡣
ĺãǽиٷ磬ɷϵǣǱǾµüۣһرиǴԼǺÿеľ¡
ûеģ˵һĪˡ
̲סЦ˵ʦǼˣñط꣬Եøϧˡ
Ц
ϧ֮˹£ЦЦĿطGһۣջĿ⣬档
ʱطGĹ˶ˣò˵˽ʱηֵĺǴڵʱǾݹϵȻҪЩ
Ҳ˱ģֱ˲֪˵ʲôá
Щʱգ˲ټƣֻһġȨ
ЩףϾ̫ӵλȹ̣ϴδ¶뷨
ǰ·ߣȻҪ躹޵ġ
ϧ֮Ƭ̣ЦſڣʱͬաǻʺӣһźţһҪ̫ӵźš
ҪȻԵȨǲ¡
躹ޣ˷ǵòţα
޿ϲʺף躹޳ĬȻǷǳŵġ
ٰǰµһ˵·ߣȻҲǲɵġ
˵ûʲôˣݵģֱŪ㲻ܼλĶһеŬΪУͼʲôء
ԲһƬ̹ʲôʲô
ץץץģϾȥ
һƬϵȻʵץһ㶼ɡ
ô˵ţϧ֮ݵ䣬٩٩̸
ܳɹİطGƵˣֱһ䣺񲻹ʮֵ࣬׳ܻ꣬һꡣ
ϧ֮
طG
ôϴϴ˯ɣʲôʲôֻ̫̫࣬ࡣ
رǻ弫ãûһ㼲
֪ˡͬ
ò˵һˮտտֱָֻһƬƵᣬ˿Ұġ
һҰĵʱǷϵģʶطGʱ㷢ȣҲǻֱݸˮ裬ԼŪȥȡϧ
ò˵ƫĵʱȻ
ʲô߲ʱһͼذġ
֪ˣ֪ˣߣȥһ羻ϹģһöûС
˭֪һЦǿһЩΪ£Ȼǰһ仰Ҫ˵õʱٽҿʣµĻ˵ڳ˾
ϧ֮ˡҲǵǸŮˡ
СԼͷʣÿ

ϧ֮ʱףЦÿˡ
ÿǣС죬Цһ֡
ǰЩֻǶӦڵ֪ˣӦˡ
˵СԴЦŶ
ʲôķչطGޱļм䡣
ӽϧ֮źӣԣ˶òˣһ𣬵á
رʲףţʵЩˡ
ˣ۾
طGϼ˼ֱӸ˺Զ
ڹϧ֮ߣͼЩҪҪι״İꡣ
طGװһͼЦĹ졣
˳ɫһ飬һźӣֱгĲ񻰡
һ๫һʦ֣ɲˣǶԵģôȰԼȴԾֹסûߵ뷨
طGһޣʱ缦
˻ȥҪ߹ǺĻϧ֮Ų˶٣ⳤĵ·үɣҲ޹ֺ룬ò԰Ρ
޸Ҹ
㾡ˣֻĬĬػţһԿҲǾˡ
˵ܿЦֵӣ͵ġ
ҲҶүҪȻĻᣬǵòˡ
İûסһ̾
طĢ̧򢣬ֵһᡣ
ǰֵһᣬ԰ӾǰŴϲһӸȴĸϲãꡣ
ȻҲǶģһЦҲû̫ϵӣ֪ͼʱҧӣӲЦըѡ

ߵʱ򣬹ϧ֮Ųһ٣ϵȫԵģƫƫүɫһӦ
ң׷档

ȵϧ֮Ҫߵʱ᲻õǣһססżѧġ
ǳöԷס£̶̵ͨദ壬Ѿ²ġ
ԥľܾɡ
طGƬ̣ͷڿͷס¡ô˵ֻôһˣһŮ˵еȻûкá
ϧ֮Щ⣬̬Уûס⸮סˡ
֪е˼ǸĻţǲһġ
ҲǼӵĸ̧ݡ
طGЦҡͷʵġ
ںЩ
ͼطGɫĿڣүֱ̬Ӱ˿̬ȡЩͨСչֵġ
ڵ춨ûȵʱᣬһپ䶼ǿ
᲻ôܶ裬ݣڸм䣬ʵЩԡ
ɩҲžϵġ
˵ҲˣܳԿĵط޷Ǿദʱ̬ȾҪˡ
Ͼһ˳ۣѹ̬Ƶס
ԵһУĩѡ
һЦһоڲС
ϧ֮зֱܹ˲֪˵ʲôڻǼΪףİο󣬼㡣
лҪ˵ǣ󣬼㡣

طG
ϧ֮

 137 

ƽһס
һʱ䲻֪ô仰, ǣ޸, ù޸
, ߻, ЦԵŶֹ
Щɻ, ǲ̫, ͼϧ֮Ὺڣ㳤, һǶôõŮӣȢΪޡ

СһﻹЩ벻ףҲһ˵, תЦ˹ϧ֮ˮ
Ҳûʲô, 㹻ˣȥ, һ̵ˡ
طGĸʹ˸ɫʾȥ֮Цŵ, 㶼ЪŰɡ
˵ű𴺽ߣһ, ǷŹҪСƬ̣ȻҲ˯߲Ե, ӳ֮ʵЩˡ
ص֮ⴺЦЦĿһۣЦſڣԣȥЩɻЦĿڣ׶ࡣ
طGޱĶһۣҴҴӣһǣԵڣ˯ɡ
ɵӣֻ¶һ˫˫һۣű۾
طGֻͷ˯ˣȥ
ò˵⼸պǻ۲ԼΪŲôۣʵƵ٣Щ׼ϵ뷨δý·ôߡ
ᵳӪ˽Ϊɣ˵ˣżֵܶ
˵Ķԣ»ϴﶦʢֲʲô
ϵ
³һѸٵԼսԣò˵һǳ̸
ΪŰ棬Ϳ
ȴһʱ򣬾ͼϧ֮ϣŵĶѪѹ
ǲױͷʲô졢ۣ֬֬ȫˡ
ʦϣһѾ޷ݣǻĸʲôƵãһſڵĺܳ
ֱףЩ֪ôݡ
֣̲סЦ
ϧ֮Щᣬø첲ţʹģȥɡӳζᡣ
СӡЦ
˵˼䣬˾Яȥˡ
ȥıӰȥæԼˡ
ڹﲻͬͷԼ飬Ҫȥ֮ǰһ۾Ͱա
ǷѾö¿ˣ룬ⴺѵԳһĻİɡ
ɵĺĻʵжˣҲҪչʾһԼ顣
۷۵ɫȻʲôɫǸ⣬ⶫͽзԱˣǷµзѾܳˣ֮ǰʲôôԼ
ڿһ߾ϰ壬һЩ߰뷨ȥΪǡ
Ȼִͬǣû˸ڱ
ôţ̲סЦˡ
ȵطGʱ򣬾ͼչ𣬸͵ԵСһɰһͿ
ʲôأʡ
ͼֱóµǹǷɫĺӣɫ΢ʲôʱģ
Ըģˡ̵Ļش
˵Ҳˣһϵأպø֮ͬܿٵĳ
ϲֻһǰˣȴӲԳǧζ
ǣЦ
ôһ˵ͼطGһ¿ϣ¶һĨЦ΢΢Ļȣ͸Σա
ݣǡ͵͵Цˡ
ʱޱıʲôʲôǣһ㶼Ҫڴݼ䡣
۶ǾܾģѾԹˣֻ밲ĳǣЩڵġ
˭֪ԷȴԸŹЦŴչǾĺƻһξϣܸܵıϢ
͵һתͷҪˣʲôҵ뷨Ϣ΢ȴӲ
ױһ̶ָֻסˣǿתϤľζϮǰԵĳˮֱӽ˸ûˡ
ǣʵԾܾ
УرܻӭĿڣѽǸ첲ȴǳʵ§羱һ̶ûзɡ
طG˽ĿķȻװס
͵һЦּǣЩסŷŹϾҪˣɢңӣʵҪ
˱ߣսǲˣⴽָǿҪȻμˡ
ձܴݲУûͣʱ
̺Ĵ꣬Ȼ΢΢ЩףˮģལֱǶ˵ԣס
طGĬ̣ôˣǣ֣ȥ
˲У˵ţϲҵǳ𱬣ٿ㲻ͬƷ֣װֽҲøϣͷĶûװҪء
ͼʲôͼһͷװֽҪⷽķչ
ŵ֮࣬¶߸߶·ߣϾⶫһ˼ҳԲǿƳֵһ⣬ǾΪΪų˼ǿⶫ죬Ҳûʵô
ǰЩȻùܡ
ǻӸЩҪڿǷΧˡ
ϾõĿɶǰչģβΪţʲôλãҪʲô¡

 138 

ͳö, ֻ˵䣬ȴĳԲѡ
Щζ, ޲ʲôôڴջ, ô̸
طG, ձչյЩ, кĸо, һɬ, Ȼ֪ǼٵģȴԾɿת۾
ж
, 㡣
Ĭշ, ؼһʱ
Сر̹ͷһξ, ֮ǰľû
¶һע
طGЦͷЦŵ˵ˣ֮, ʲôͳʲô
ڣǸ, ֻŹͷܳڣɰίĹǺ
ֻðѻͷ˵Ҷǿͷ֧Ʊ⵽ʱ, ĸԼ
ȻҲ뵽һ磬ޱĵһۣҳ㷹ͳɣ˵治֪ءûʲôҸͷĳǰϲģ˵䲻ģǵı
ÿչ̶͵㣬һ²ظ͵⻹Сʳֱ뵽ģС
طGһô˵Ȼûκ
ոճҲ˼٣ʱûаŲ£ڸͷ֡
ԭΪĻطG˭֪Ļ
ò˵ټĸۡˣңټֻд󸣽һӶûȥ
Ҫݣǰȥͳȥˣɡ
ֵ̾ǳȥһѡ
طGʣˣһ㣬Сӿڵȥ
СȰȵģԼ˵
طGֱ޻˵ͻȻͲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ǳȥɡ֮ǰСʮĵ˳ŵˣҪǳȥ棬ղײգհɡ
ôһ룬̹ȻİҾǳȥ棬֮ǰǻȥʱҲˣҲȲҪḻʡ
¶Ǿεģڶһ磬طGȥӼСģʰҪΪ˷㴩װϸɾ򵥵ķ٣ֱÿһͿ
طGʱ򣬲ǰһ
ڹеʱŶׯͻȻ䴩ʵʡ
һÿԸġ
оޣЦЦ˵棬һζЦݣʩʩȻ
طGޱתĵܵ˵ã
Լתͷ˸˵õòһûױһ飬Щ񫣬޲ôֱӷظۡδ֮£һ顣
ѽЦö˵ǻеζ˶
һۣЦ
лҪ˵Ҫˣʼβ

 139 

ʮﴺ, ĿһƬơ
ͷ̲סһ, ʵ̫𺳡
ò˵ִʱ, ҲûмôƬ, Ǹоͬ, ڳǽ, ڵĵط, ЩطԵЩƽƽû˿ĵط˵ЩҲ
԰һȺ֮Ӱ, ʵƯˡ
ܱ߻ҲƵļãس԰ִʦ, ҪÿҪȻҰȤ, һƣ֮С
Цūк, üС
ò˵ǵİ, Ǹ⡣
ЩСǶûгȴһһļǿ棬߻䣬Ǳ߾ѾûӰˡ
, һ
طGɫƽƽɤӵĹЩûӰֵǣʱֻصǰ
ջ£ټܳȫĸһﶼҪģҪȻû´ΣڳԷչ
ˣĸūǣΣյĵطȥһĵĸףȻһȷȵġ
Ц˰ķǡ
Ȱ˶֧ˣطGһۣŸ첲˼ˡ
ȡЦɵ§סĿ԰
˼£ɾÿһͿ˺޲ֱס֣Ҳ뿪
УҲȾϼһ㡣
쿪ָ΢ḧһסĸо
ҪҲŪһƬ˼ͻȻһǳе飺ôģʮñɣмһǧܣΧΧɴʣǾ͸ζˡ
ò˵ԴԼĸ֮ÿ˲ͻȻһڼּҵζˡ
ԭû뷨ģô쵽һˣ룬Ƿ˵ΧɴʣһӦȻЩ˷ˡ
ǷǰȻǺÿΪʵòʵãȫڿǷΧڡ
طGĸͬ΢˵㶫˵Ц绨ǧϣȻˡ
áȻӦʡ
ǧԵ£˵
ѼҪ𣿡ټأЩƯʩطG˼ҲشֱﰲˣŮ˱ȻϲĶϡ
˵ʲôʱ˳ʾ۾һҲǺõġ
˼תڿʼ˵˲Щ£ǴӦǲӦ
ֱ˲֪ôӻˣŪ˵ʲôȻŪûȻӦҲûʲôá
ǣ԰ߣȻһ¾õĸо
~һ쳹
طGɫһݣϽ԰ȥûСʮĵģһǵƤ첻µزµģڹͷţ޲ֱϷӽߡ
Ƿŷңһ˭뵽Ϊͱѡ
ūѸԶӡ
С̫ѱˣֻ£׷ҧʵһҿݵġ
ɫһ䣬ⶫŪطGԥֱӳ˹ȥۼֿİСʮеѣɾԽԽ٣һ
ҲǺΣȻŵĲᡣ
Сʮ໵һͿˣĺ£صۣ첲һ£Լ׸磬ܲˣѹֲסֱӿ޳ˡ
طGеڵʶҭںҲ˵ˣͷá˵ĺݣתʢԸϽ̫ҽ
Ҷ׼ܵб޻
ë̫ҽͲ£ĵ£ֺһɫҩˡ
ԵС̫ʱҲһЩطǳ£һʣٸүƣϧط棬û˻
ֻһ£С̫ˡ
ѽطGͷͼطǰСǵܵûȰ赽λʵģȰȰˣԷͣҲûа취
תĹԼ˸ӣͱˡ
ϽкСĿʼܣٻȥקѾˡ
ҶûҪȻ˭ҲӲ
ⶫԴǶͷϣǻͺһģǾ͸ѿˡ
طGһۣͼطTҲССĿڣǵܵܡط㼱Ŀڣܰ˸£ǡ
һֵطGɫ˻˵°ͣЦǱ㶼ȥͷţڣճ档
Сʮ¶һƵı飬ֱ֪˵ʲôãʲô£š
Слңĳͷֱ޷ܡ
طGɫСʮĲΣĥĥߣЩίˣҪ
ȵطTֹǲ׸簡ˣҪ
뷨طıϣͷһ䣬ر𲻵þҲΪǺáͼϰ˵˵ͷԥԥĿڣ᲻ĸ硭ҡˡ                        

 140 

, ط˵þˡ
ɽĸϵıü٣ֹػĸоȻ, ر⻰ŲζʲôΪ˵á
ﰵ˼, ʲôΪһ, ǵĸ粻ϲ, ʶŷôƢ
⻰ĸ統ʲôˡ
Ī˵ط, ޿Ŀ, ֱ֪˵ʲôáҲ̫ˣۡ
۵˱䶣ĵطûбĸо
, ͱĵطһ
еĺɰǷŲʱ, ɩݸģЩ, ֪ʲô
֪ôˣͻȻͲ뱻˸֪, ͵͵һСԲ, ̿ˮͻȻһǳʳĸо
һ쿴һۣʱסˣһɫǹ, ɢϢ
ͻȻеᣬĸôõĸֱŵҲ
ǣɰпȻɩõġ
ͻȻģһרúɰ᲻ᡭ̲סѹסݺҪ̵Ĵǣһ뷨
᲻ĸ紧ţɩģӣת˵֡
뷨һ̲סݺݵ𴽽ǣЦĺϲ£졣
ԵطTüЦʣôˣⶼˣܵģȻЦ
²Ρ
طһۣЦе飺¡
طTɻȻµģôЦӡ

֮Щ˲֪ȴƵطG˸ţ뵽ϰ˵Щ̲סꡣ
ܵܣȽ϶࣬Ҳܶ˵ס˭֪˵Ļ
طЩӦҲ⡣
ӳˣе֮ҲЩ֮⡣
ȻȥѰԺ̲ססЦ
ԷЩ죬Цؽŵ½һ飬һο
ҲЦһСأĹ
뵽ʷϵʮģ»˵֮ھϵ֮ϵֳᷢʲôһδ֪
һ˳ȻĺӣžͻиڣǡʣµĻûж˵
Ҳֵ˵ʲôⶼҪġ
طG˼ĵ˵ͷô˵Сʮĵʱڴ
Ҳ֪ģϾʱֵܻﻹûʲôַҲû̫ìܡ
⻰һ˵ûж˵ʲô԰ͷơ
ͼطGɫ棬һѰ٣βѡһ֧
Ʊ𴦣ûעߣطG𶯡
ͣסٱסʲô
̧̧ҪȴطGֹˣֵ˵ϸڣźЦˡ
СϪߣطGʾԼ
ˮջЩµ̧ò˵ľˡ
ԭķժ£һ֦ҡ
ȻĲƯˮգ̲סЦˡ
лһƬ⣬Ҳлϸϸڣ̹ˡ
ÿסڵĿ䡣
طGЦЦףЦſڣԣÿ
޷ǳҪ˲ߴᴷһ£˵ݵı
طG͵һЦүһ䣬һӳ졭˵˵ţɫ͸үһ治֪δȥһЦ磿
⻰һ˹ǰļ˲ȷʵ˲Щ飬Ӻһٶ˵
ֱûӣ⻰ֱ
룬ûסƤһ£ʵҲһһĹء
Լı°ȻҲбȥ
ʹȻģʹԺؿ־͸ˡ
ô˵ȴռᶨģûסҧһڣ̫㣬ҲӦ
㡣һۣڵߡ
ԼϵҧۣͻȻãĴȻ˸󣬻ҧ

⻰һ˵ڣûסЦֱЦ
ǣ˭ءô֣ҧźüѡ
˵˵ţζЩˣΣյ񣬴Ͻסڣת˵
СʮҲôˣͷʱ㹻ˣɡ
طGЦܵóԣҪȻʲôˡѶͱʲôҵġ
˵ã
һֳĶˣ޲ֱ
ţС²ǵúӻס
Զԣô˵Ҳûʲôëǳ
Сأһ䣬֪Ȼǲɵģ²СˣϽ͡
ˣ˼ɡԼڰ֣Լ˵Ļˡ
طGգϸĴ˰֣̽󣬲ŵЦŴյߣϡ
ɡ
ȻܾæһգҹﻹҪйҲŲס
Դǣһֻ˵ʱˡ
ͻȻôټҲûţȸʹġ


 141 

ܾҲ, Цǣ֣԰С
ɵ, ӹгԺ󣬱˸ۡ, øۡ, ˭ֽ֪԰, ɵġ
ͷ, һ, 뵽ӣͷȥССһţҲ֪ʲôʱܳԵ
ӾͲܿһˡ
вݮ
Ȼյʱ, һϣҲǼġ

ô, ̲סˮֿ˿, ӲĴһ㶼ûˮ
ӡޱһ
طGߣգЦſڣ, ʱԶٶеġ
⻰˵ûӵǧ, ԵˮǼֱӦȻʵġ
ڣǳԲŵ, òŻɧȵ˵ʱȻûô
ܾ÷߲ڱС
ôţһҲ󲻵ãطGֹʼô˵Щ쿪ĸоϸ룬־û
ΥʱЩԥ
⻰ЩˣտڣĪ˵ЩĲˣԵĻˣ
Ʒֿһ㶼٣󡢷۵ģڴУԵʱҲûٳһڡ
ڡطGЩô˵ĸΪŪ߲ˡ
⻰˵ôģܲŪǸء
õ仰ЦЦûԹ⻹ûܣۣҴֻũ񲮲϶û⡣
ûʧ˵ԵģͲһһîṹͲǷġ
԰󣬴ִ¡һԵĶ˵㣬Ŀܼɹġ
Ҳż붼֮󣬱̿²ٶܡ
һ˦ƹģ㣬Խ
˵˲˲ãѡ˲ţȻҪһ
ůĿûͷʱӣѾһˡ
ûûеʱյʱ򣬷ƽƽ
Ժ˺üãƾһ˳ԣ֪ҪԶãԶЩС紦Ҳˣŷһ롣
ⶫͷţ룬ɹǣ˶š
Ū˺ü̳ӣ㼫ˣЦⶫǶ࣬ǿɲܶԡ
һǣЩ£ʣҽǣΪҲܳǣ
ڸż棬ʻӵķǳѸ٣һЩ򵥵䣬Ѿ˵ķǳ
⵹Ǹ⣬룬ΪǣôܳԼأ
˵һ˲סˣЩ˰죬ֵôɰΪʲôҪأ
һʱЩ޷ܣСޡ
棬ûסһЦˣţȷʵܳǡ
ϸϸܣݴǶˣȻʱû˵ˣǷҲܳˡ
룬ûԲ˺⡣ЦŻ
ǹɵͷ׶ʹȫҪһǻѡһġ
ؿڱ֤֪˶
ƣطG̿ûסװɤӣݺݵЦ
ûүתһ˯ŵ̥Сѿһ綼
֮ǰССһ磬˵ʵڻӣҪôҩӣ˭֪λƵģҲ˽ģ
Сҡǰǰ׾С̲ס¶һĨ΢ЦԼĺӣȻԽԽÿġ
~˯еСɰͻȻЦЦݴаС춼ɰˡ
ҲЦͼСԼԼЦˣ죬ȴʲôûУ˱죬ЩޣС

μˣЦСر㣬۵ʧҲԶ׼ġ
ֻ̫ɰûסҡɴʷ£Ըñīֽ
ñϸϸշŵ龰ɫ棬±ƶûпСһۣԷģȴڱ
طGһֱЦţͻȻ飬˼Ŀͼ
续顭һһ˵⻰˵ľЩٶȣ˼֣ء
˲⣺ɲӣŸֱЩ
֮ǰůĿﰵ˵֣Ҳ֣Ȼ˵˽û˵
ˣȴû˵ʲô
ϾƺֵůĿͷҲйֵĸоûó˵ˡ
յķ黭ᣬڿԿһĺãοǼõġ
ʰʰѾһ£ֲһ˼ûС
ȵЩԱܲܳŵʱҲǸ⡣
;գȻӻ֡
ɡطGÿɷ
ͻȻôϻ˳復ǵӣ׻˵ֻ̾Ծˣܶͷơ
⣬Ҳȥô˵ģܸõ˳Ӧ⣬Ϊ¡

 142 

ۼ, ͵ա
ЦˣԼĪȽϺ, ̫ġ
ʵȵ΢һ, 㺹ʪյ, ˻˵, ֻǷЩ, ʵЩ
̥С, Ƥ۵Ĳ񻰣ֳˣС첲źƵ, һһεģ硣
Ƥ, ¶⣬ܰ
ʲô, شûҪֱŪ˸׶ҽҩо, С󣬴Ƥʼ, ͸о
ʵûӵĲ֢֮ıȻҪó³
ԭûʲô뷨֪, ʱĺӣز֮ߣֱǰ
ǿʱڵĻӣزʸߵ˾㤣ԭ²ǣ󹬹Ūôຢӡ
룬ֻزۣǶ֣˵ǰ󹬵ƿأ̫̫Ƥӵ·£ô׵¡
ǺĴһûҹﴵ˷磬˯ʱƳСС£㹻Ҫһӵˡ
㼰ʱ˴ҲûõģȫûЧҩ
עʱ򣬲׹Ϊʲôﰵ˵ӡ
ʱҽʵҡͷ˵ġ
طGһָ²ֻʲôõ˵
СһԽԽ׳ʵŸѰûˣ
˵кŮͷ⣬Ƕһ˵СǱСϡ
󸣽Ƽ⻰˵˵ţ͹յͷȥˡ
ﻰ˼ôֱ̥СӣһСް
̥û¾ͱȥȻҪá־ʱ
˭˶ҪһģӼ̳дطGеŵ㣬ÿһͿ
û˵ݺİװֵģžϲ
ŪЩڵģطG֧֣Եʲôû˵
СʮĹգȵͷ󺹣ǹһˮЦ죺֪˵ĶҲܹܡ
ʲô޹֮඼ģ˵ֻŮ˵ĶС
طGĿĶֱԽԽС˹˵⻰ȥɩǰ˵ȥ˵ûá
СʮһҭʵЩûӣ˵ʲôԼܲסСүȥ
Сүҡ
׾ôˣ˵ʵڵģɩҲΪɩĸ֮ĹϵŻˣҲпǣֽòȨĲٹ
ɩôãҲĸȲˡ
ҲΪ㡭δ˵ڣͱطGˣ˲䲻ҳ
˵ʲôأǣǣƵ˹
Թ˵˵ܲٲܲٵҲضá
طССĴкɩá
ǰͷ˵˻ͷͱץ˸УʵڱסǣǾߡ
βˣ̲Сһ
ЩתߣǵǸ˵ĸʲôƵãͷûͬˣһʵġ
С壬ƤĿȥ
ʮ塣رȰطˣѹصĿڣǰЩһֻѼرɰ
ð⡣
طЦСƨӡ
ǽ˵ȵʱˣųԿ϶óԡ
طޱĿһۣ˵õСɰأΪʲôѼѼȴҪء
ʱǵýСү̿ˮԼѼѼˮͷϴ裬޵ĸɸɾģٹ͡
һԼе
Сүһӵȡ
ɩ˵ˣӸļңūžūţʲôʲô֪ᡣ
տʼ̽һ䣬֣ȻԺ󣬱㳹׵ķŷңڹͷ̹
߸ŵ־ЦŶС˵֣̿ڣҪ㣿
֣ط룬ǵͷ
ȵԺһһģܿ͸ɵһӣطЩδϾ꣬ٶӡ
ԹԺȥСѼӣôһۣطͳʧˡ
СѼӣɫС·ŤŤģͼҲ۵ġ
ƼǰȾܣͦ顣
ʲôʱ򳤴󰡡طЩȲ
Ƚѣ֪ȥҶ׼û
Դ۾ͱһ£Ѽӣǵԣ
˵ѼѼôɰΪʲôҪѼѼ
ѼŲΪ˳ԣҲûë
°ɣЩȷ룬Щ֪ʶˡ
طͷʱˡ
õ϶𰸣˸߸˵ˣ°ȵˣȻܳˡ
ȥıӰЩ磺ôԲԣ
ѵӦǴɰ
Ȼ˳ԵطGƵķʣЦô˳Ȼãʼݲ档
ûմȾڰѾˡ
ʱ˵ϰαʣǳɳĻ²类̻޴ˡ

 143 

, ںܾһ, ܹġ
ҲֱӽִӴڣϾʱͬ, ִӸʺִ, ڡ
˵ǻ, ˵ﻰ, һСľӰǧ˵, ר
ʱطGۣʱҲʦһǳֵ⡣
С첻µزµģ˭ᡣȷʵ, ᣬر, ֻˣǶȻҪĵġ
е׺ᶼ, һСǻཱུͦСظȻƲλ, ˼ˡ
˭ˣȻ仹Щ屡ĸо
, ЩΣʱǸç򡣡տɲŹСõǹʹһ㶼
طGζ֪Ĳ²ܲ, ˵ҲǣǺӣǳ࣬͸çûʲôϵ
ҲпԼ㡣

תۼĹȵļ͹ȥˣʣ΢ϻ
ڿҿҵҡ𻨣ر£ûɹ𻨸ɣʲô𻨾ƹ۹֮ͣ
տʼʱ򣬶ЦȻССģһ㶼Ůһ㶼ׯ
ɿһСƿӹͣͷתһˣʹͣ˵ֵǣҲǰٱǧļֵ
ͶϡĶ˭ҲⶫʹͣƵá
Ҳû˶ʩЧ򭣬ûһܸһشʹ͡
ȴ֪ϣһûһĸʺ죺ļҵû
ööˣǣͷĿǰֻʣƿף𼸷ֻֿˣ¶ϻ
ⶫãͷͻĨǼõģ֮һá
ǹ𻨸ɲݲ軹㣬ˣ޴Ӿܾ
ʺƵͷǰķʾͺã¸еٵ˼ڡ
ֺԼЩ֣῵ˡ
ɣĶУŪʳһһġʺס̾ò˵Щˡ
ͷҡͷǿɲһļҵĲṴĶǣֶֻ̫߳˾ϣȻеС˼ҲԵ˴š
ͷͶ˭֪ǸøУܾܾ𣿶ܡ

ȵʱ򣬴ŰĽһδĵȫ
ĶͷһݶʺʱЩš
ôȫеͷĸо
ȻЦһɬȥ档Ȼ棬Ǵ㳣פˡ
ʺһĿڣҲȥ棬˵ˣʳͷһȦɡ
ȥȥɡĻӻ֣ͷһοЩ˳ۣҪ
Ҫһ־òɣǻʺ󣬾֣ͽĶڻʳǣá
Ȼ֪ģЦģ̬رá
Ļʺһ֪˵ʲôˡ
ȥȥȥɡһĿڡ
лʶ䡣˵Ÿˣ˳طGǱ߾Щˡ
һĮĿȥ棿ҪҪʱ򣬴ŸӶȼ١
ǿ벻̡
ˣǱ㡭Цһ⡣
طGޱ飬ȴЩĪ֪ʲô
˵ˣ̫Ӽ󰢸ط|طİطG
Ȼϸûʮ³ʱϻڣҲȥ
ԽԽ̯Сӻһң̵ĴŻʺˡ
ʱ򣬻ʺЦһ֣ţǱʱɫһ
ȥ˻С޲֮
ӡ
ޱһŵµɣͷۼˣʺˣ˾ͽ
Ϊһ󱲣˭ҹܿˣЩʤߣһĳ˲¹ͷֻһĺӣΪʲôҪ˴򽻵
ȥˣȴΪ˵ͷۣⶼʲô¡
طGֱæŲմأڵԺǸ¶ûаأһӾ˴£ҹɳˡ
ūšᵽʲôһȭ޻ϣЩԱһر̫
ƫƫ̫ͷ񣬵ɫЩԷȻû˵ʲô޵˲ò롣
ط|Уڱķˮ𡣶طҲضãֱӽפ£Լɫˮ
̫˳ƹһУʶѧľǵȻЩɬղ¸Ϊһ㶼š
ֻطG䵽ģֻбȽ鷳Ѹ顣
ֻ۵˺üòиϾʱ䣬ýԻʰĹذ֪ʰԭõıʣȤΩΩФͬ١
ĿУķ綼ζͻʹȻͬ
ʲôɽͷķҶˣժҲɽ־ɫ
ʲôСϳԿһôҸ¡
طGСϤ壬ɵЩΣµû׵ľǱˡ
꣬ˣôɡ
˫ָŷҶǲʰŶҡ                        
лҪ˵̫ˡ

 144 

ȵ, ͼֵܶԽԺӸж㳹ûˡ
ʰ껹ʰ, ôܿһξ֡
ϴյ˻ʰֿͷ̫յ˻ʰԵ¹, 򱻻ʰ괫, ֱѰȥˡ
ֻ, ƽƽҶ, ܳԲܺ, ҲŲá
ֱ˲š
طGһֵ܇NɪУЩԶԡ
Ҫô˵ô, ŵĶ
ȵò׻ظʹһ, 𾪵ķ֣ԷյԻʺİ
ֵе, ȫС
žƬҶ͸ˡ
ȻֻǸʼ, ʮֱ꣬ⷿɽҶһ, ʤ
Զ۵Ļٵʹ͡
ֵܶЦΨ̫ɫӡ

ʮ괺̫طi, ĻطGΪ̫ӡ
ʮ괺̫طGλӺ
ʮ괺̫Ϊ

ʱҴңӶŮӣԭȾ̬ѩ׽۵ļߣ
طGЦǣ֣԰УòиģΨһû䣬˵Ļ
еһۣԷᣬժһ亣Ļޱߡ
⺣ĻҪǱۡ˵𣬵Ūźģ˭֪ˡ
̧ḧޱߣ̲סЦ̫̫ˣʲô
ʱӲˣеɫģطGȻǸС
ףʱʱҪүߡطG𵱳̲סЩꡣ
ʱɻᣬѾˣЦҲܣ˵þûԺء
⻰˵ҲǣطG˵ȻǵòǸǡ
ǺŮһɵԺͷȥˣ˵þˣˣ֮ˡ
ûǴطGطG
ʱ̸ոպãģǿɰģԷϵĺΣǴѤõĻ䡣
ѽỽɤĵ׵֣ô֡
ЦʱһżգЦһ㡣
޸һģطGû䡣
Ϧ£棬ͷ׵˻߶š
ǴɽӣǷٲʢǴ뻪ģֻҡ

ӿʼĸ￪ű㿪ʼˣ󵨵һһ㶵ģڳɹ˵˲ջ·ʰţҲǼҼҲʵ
ǰ𣬱˿ƾٳ˭ҲѺ͵ѧö飬ǿҪ˵ġ
ʿũ֮䣬ûн׼֣֮Щӽִˡ

طG֪Լʷϻгһʵ۵ţһӣӯȻࡣ
Ȼڼµһһû䡣
ûĻжԴһģһһһ˫ˣôϣȴᶨţԼͨʱȻ徲
˱˻ԣŮǧǧѡ񡭡
ȤĻΪ˵꣬ͼطGһֻࣺһ
Ĵ֬ˣպ˵ģȴ˵ɫ
طGÿÿˣĳղܣüӡһǣŶ߶¿ڣ˰
ͷ׵̫̫ˣȴɰĽס˫֣죬ɰͰͿڣ±ӣǻһòã
ԽԽ᲻ʱ̫ᣬһһǾÿһ۱һˡ
᲻á
ס֣һЦá                        
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