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˵ոݺˣǲǾͿҪȥˡԺС˵ԺûУˣܶˣһ޵ʹСѾӣͲͷˡ
˭֪أµүҪģûҲܾôɰŰæָūԺûЩеûġ
طvôֵܼ䲻ռռգ±ߵܻܵһֵԺʵ㲻ϺáӾбҲ̫ˣƵøסһûСգڹֵǵͲԼ취
ϯǸӴ񴲣ص˻רģռԺôһطĸ̵߽֧ͣձϴɾɹõĵݣٹϳ͵ķɴǴˡ
֦ȥѿĲߺͰó輸ҪǸƻİæһϣ쵽Ҳ㵽ϯȥˡȵѾ߰˲輸߹һ֧廨ߣȥǶ밲ȥ
빬ֻطvһܳ裬ס̸Ǭ幬ҲԶţþͺط밢ͦһ·ȥȵĹǺôҲܵס
ҲǸջɡסڹЩǣÿǶϰһģһȥʺǶ밲ڸŻʺһȥ̫Ƕ밲λɾȥ١Ƕһȥ̫
١ȲĸĽ㣬ںûҲܳ裬Թʵǰʵ㲻ʲôԼÿƽûʲôӣӣ˭Ҳ
ǰһúˣǵֵ䷹ˡطvʱͲҲʮͻǸƯ㡣
鴩Խ֮ǰҲǶʮˣڴ峯߰꣬˵ҲûȳС١ƽ鳣Ҹ˵ˣҲǾТ
طv֮ǰʵô׮¡ϵİ츱ͳĶȴǸġһϱߣھһ֧죬ɵ׻ǲһءԼҶӱмָ׮£ʱǾүûġ
ǻ϶µģɾﲻҲû¶֡û뵽ǣϱȢ֮ԼԽԽϲЩ˻ϵһġ
ģõӿͣ޹֮֮ҲãǸ˭˵ϻ˭Ավ̫ҲģϱطvүҲõģӺãԼʱЩҲס
ϱúأǼǺڹûء컹ûطv͸ȥˣ˵ȥոƣҲ֪ʲôƵġ
㰡ƽʱЩԼĶӶ֪ӲãĿʡ˲ġЦ̵˵֪˼Լ޹ʱطvԺѾ˸óĸ˵ҲɣǸҲϵĹֻ¸Լҳʲôϵ
֮ɲ㣬үҲҽ档Щطvһӣ˵úԼҶ˵׻ֻе䣬ԼҪŸͣǸӡ
ģɹﷹʳ׼ĴˬɿڵģϲϱŵǼˣԲʲôЩҲǺõġ
ϲԷôɰϲԷڵӣһ㶼Щ˺Լ³Զ˷֣үϲ
ģ̫˳Բ£ҾͶˡɿԲ͸Сǲм٣⺢ǲԼʲôίʲô⣬˵С
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µǷҪĳƨֻ޸طv֮ܿͷĸ¶Щ˵ϵĲԡɲó赫Ҳ˵ſλǸӣȱ˶Ǿͽʡã¿Ҳôôģ̸˯һһͷκ󣬿ôԸ
û˵ֻ˾Тڣ̸ȱġЧãʱ䳤˿ǰ̸꣬ʱǶЩȲɽ¶ˮģӱǰЩ˲١ҲԼԿƽൽ̸ǣ֮ȲžС
ɳ飬ƽͰ鵱ŮţʮҲʮߣССĽǱծĶǿ١̸һһ磬ֱͷƫЩųȥһˡ
ҪȥϱǶ¡Ӱᵽ֮ǳϵ飬ͺܹʻߵˡҪطvСмܿЩҲóȻųȥ
ǲֵĳʲô߰Ķˣ޽֮󣬸ľ͹ĵЩ䲻ׯҲӲʱָʶдҶϲ
ɲ߰Ķϱѧģȥ¡ЩܵøԼҸݣؽף˵ָŪˡ
ɸԺ֮һ۾ƼԺϯ룬ʲô˵ϯռԺͦĵطƯķɴ΢ڶԺżƮĻ꣬һ顣
ЪϢ߷ɴСŮźųЬŲȵϯϡϯѾ˱裬΢紵ʮʡ
ò衣£պͱõı÷֭˺ŰССյݹȥ
ɶ͸Ĳյϸһϯ⣬ǹĺǽ̫ߣԼŮͼһ㡣ϯŴһƣЩη֮빬ʱ͹һκĻ߾ôǸһֱϲֻû뵽Լϱѻ֮ˡ
˵ǣϱǿᣬǰġ˳ųɵĻӦ£ȣǰűҲˬϱµĳⶫ֮࣬ߺȺȲ裬ƾŶУˡ
ˣҲżߣһûһ˵ٿ˼רעˮ裬Ҳһܡݣ̫ҪɽʱԺطvĶϱĴ߳
طvÿɲףһ͸طȥ˱ոԼĸۡλòãϰ˵ĸڵĺõطԼĸۡȴʵǽЩعȥһƣַֺüĵط񸮵˺һͨ˷˴졣
֮·ײḯڲ¥˸ˮһӵ֮ҲҪعˣһԸ˻
߲˳һԺŴһƶôطvǹԶѹסˣҲܳɻڱüͷҪʲô                        
겻ùعѹععҾլڼддģԵѾͶ࿴ģ죬һȹһذ~

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ôϱҸط߱յԼĶʲôԣû˱ȳɸһӣ϶߲˳ˡ
ôô˵ӿû˼طvСʱӲãýЩ˵ײֽݣһˡ
ɿŶҡҡͷûٶ˵ʲô֮¶˵ʲôʹˣʱ˲ˡɰڰ֣ͣҲûһ۹᷿ſڵ
߳ɣѺȫƽҲŸˡ˵ԼطvԷӦõһźšʵڼСٻģ˵仰޲õᣬĸʹԳ֮밲ԺһŲ
ôˣôȵطvƼǱϣҲûӹȥһơԼȥ޺ʵúܡ仹ǸҪӵģ˲ٿôѧˡ
㣬ܣֻŶû³˷ȥϴ裬߲Ž鿴طvܻе㿴Скһʱ˵˵˵ζ
⻰ҲͺûϷطv˵ô˵ϴ֮ʵʵϯ˲һûеɵߡ
治ǲǱöˡϴĹܹҵķɴµķɴ£ˬֲˡ֮طv֪ԼλǸ󷽵䲻ҵȴҲʡţôõɴҲƨɣ¶Ƕﶼ᲻á
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Ҫƣɴʱ紵ŻҾ͸ˡ÷ɴһԭҲΪ˸ɿǸ߲ȵ͵ĵطҲǸӹŵĵؽ硣ϯԽ£ЩŲ˳ۡжʵöţ˹ʡ
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˭ÿүӶ࣬ôëǾطv̳лλ·Щ깬û˵طvܻи⼸ˣǲǰʾʱҪȳϾ֧ܣǸ߸ֻ볣졣
ôһһҪ˸ЩرȣŹһ룬ΡסǰҪǷ棬ֻ˺취
ţ֪áµŷɴˬóѬζŲˣطvڰ˸С豭ڱǼţݹıӲδɢúܡ
֪ʲôã֪սŵʱ򣬲һǱƹȥϱطvֱᣬܲϲ
ϲҲûãԺûˣȹӵ°СȾôϯϣϸ׵׹ǰӨӨĻطv۰ǰֱ˻εԳ
ʮĴСô̵סŰӦ鼸仰㿸˻ȥ·᷿طvûԴôֱݹ˰ҹҪˮʱƵĵƲĵϨˡ
ӣ帣ˡû뵽ˡطvڰûͣûǶ˸ִҪ밲ĸ񣬾ֱű˯ȥ
ʵҲ֪帣Ϊʲôġסڹʲô¶סˣԼŪô϶ĶˡҪľǴ飬ڳǶ·ʲôôҶ֪ϲˣ²ŹֲԼϡ
ɩӣùġ̫ɹˣ帣϶ûȥѾ͵Ľ˰ϯʰãͼʡ
Ҳ㻹˭ءաıѾɩɩмţ˱ռλ˲һ·ˣƽʱ˵㶼ܳǲĺãϾʮûţⰢȥҲ׽
ҲϹƶոȥǶ밲ͼɶ˵ֳ˺öⲻҾˣʲôʱĹҲȥǶһˣһ¡屴طĶӣȴˣСźš
º˵ҸҶ˵ѾȥˣҪǵȵüŵڶҪǵȲȥѧѧѡﵱĽ˶Ǳˣ黹ϰϱߵľϱ߶곱ʪľϯǾ顣
УǾŵڶɲ˭ҵĶӡϹĵĶҪľǸԭ֭ԭζ뻹ǾõһҲС
ģǴĶ˭ΪȺ󰡡˵û벻⣬Ҫ⻰ȥһС۵ģҲûӡ
⺢ô˵ģĻȻǶū⴫ŸճţɾѾ˵ˡ
Ļ⻹ܴɡֿųǵЦ֪ˣŴѾ˴ϯ̲סֶ˵˾䣬߸Ǹġ
ǰǸӡԼ١ͼ͵ⶫôģʲôʱҲϸźáǸҪǿģû˼ұȣԼˣѲɻøҪԼĶ顣
ⷬ˾б𣬵ҲûʲôǵӵˣҲֻʵš֣ȥⷿңϼƥò͹ȥ
˭ҪϽһһ춼һĵط죬Ƕ̫ӹͶˡ˵ֱ̫ͦʣҪĶȫϺõĲϣرɡ
ɿռ˱ˣ֮һ춼ȥ̰֮ȥǶŲĶԼĳĶһģڹܸãȵЩֻˣطvүŸ˿ء
˾ûһʱصԼλϵϣˡ˵оǺˣӸϾͲԸȸ˷һɷ¶
ʽǿԼܺҸȴһҪܹҪ˳ɼҵġԼ޸طv֮Ѿ˸µûŲţƽҲӲڱˡⶫԼģƾʲôϱߡ
ūŸ밲ϼҲţʮֵķѾߵϯ밲
ô£˵˵̧̧°ͣ˰ùߣӾҪˡ
鲻Ǹ˶һôãǸʲôϲǲ֪ɫÿ飬ֻ΢΢һЦַһ
ظĻū⼸Ƶûţү֪˱Ըūû¶ߣԺҲþţ̫ҽҲ˵ջ˺ӣɹɹ̫ԺӺá
ϲǰ¶˵缸ҲһӲûסֻͦġţǾɹŰɡŮ֮Ϸ鷸ŸƽϣҲûԼĵȫ˰ⶫˣھͲ𡣡

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Ըȥϲ𣬵ʱС̫දүһֱڸǶϾⷨطvơŸҲԳʲôڸСֳ㶯Ժ˻Լôˡ
Ϣŭū֪ˡϿŰˣͨһϴ뵽Լ⸣Ƣҳϯմʱȫî龵ĽṹûжҲѡ˼ۣҪᶼųˡ
ޣҸǰײʹһһ˵Ļ|˿ɣԼ䲻ϲҲʲô˵¶ֻԼƼͺáȥɣ¸ûϵ˵겻ٿֱͻˡ
һʶ ֦˲ˮһȰ˵顣ôõĶ˿ϧ⼸챴үΪûӸǰڣѾǿŶˡ
ҲҪʰ˻ûء⻰һ֦üѾ߶߱ͷۡãǷĵرһ
ǺҲΪԺ񲻸˵ʱ򣬿Ӳˣ¹ĶǱүͷһεʱЩūŻͷԣϰˡ
Ҫ˵ʱ¶أԺﶣॵĲϯǱطvҲĻˡıԷѵʲô¶̸ֻԷԵԼ綼Щȸˣⲻ͵ĻϢ
Щطv֮ϲϯͷսžŽص磬̫ɽ߳ԣû뵽һžͼżС̫ľٶһԺͷˡ
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⻰һûطvĸɱĶࣿ缸Ǳ߲УϾǸȸУطvԼû̫ҽ֮طvר˸۵ʱ򣬲Źȥһˣ㲻š
⻰ĥԼߵʱԼµģ˵˲Ӧ֪ӵȣߣáطvҲͻһ£ϾԼ⻰Ҳûʲôǡ
ʮĶɲǽͣҲƣ仰Ͱ緢¶˵װסϯҲˣҵĶϲ»رүҪ飬ǧǵԼĶ͡˵⻰Ҳطvжȥ
һͨطvҵվҲҲǣȥʵڲҲԣˤžߡˤȨûȥȥĶ
طvĳòоҪǱȥߵͣסˡոһ紵ôطv֣ҪȥԼкùӳԡ
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˵ش󣬵˽»ƽ޵ɡһֱطv֮ճǵҪŵûˡʱطvҪԼͷǷǵüԼҲҪԼͨͷ˲ڣЩį
ӣ˵鷿ǱϻûԷأȣ֪ǲ÷ǸϸѾͷûԳʲô˼СѾͷѾ
ôˣһٵĶšȰе˵ģѾôһ˵Ӳĳ
ԺСǰԺ͸Сˡ鷿ͷһС齣ûպϡطv鷿ĥĥȥʵòˣߡ
үЩ¡Ժһطvֻ˺ӣܲϴӽ˰ûʲôûǰϵóֲźƵ÷͸ûʲô¶ˡ
ǱûûãʮԾľͰطvͷطvûõȥĶ̧ͷᴰ͸ȴȫԼ˵ӡ
ﳤĺӣֻҪɵĴСһı£໰Ƕ˵ģȻҲ鲻ǣԼʱֱġĻҪԼ˵˲ġ
үͣŲߣҲҳϵȵòˣſųվűߣȻĿطv
ãŶǾͽȥɡطvһݣϱæˣݲȼëϹİ˴ӣֶطvǰźЬࡣүôʱˡ
⻰ʱϵͷʵ̲סǣһֳʲôԼȻ˸˾ŲʮǸӣ϶ǲүưոݵġ
ԼУ˵źˣԼ߻иģ鶼ѾߣֻҪס˱ү¾ͺðˡ
طvŴۿϣܰԼź΢΢ҲԼ˵ײһǰûʱоҲԣطvԽͷɡ
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ôҲǰ취ӲͷƤתطvʾѾߴǰź򡣴ŲյطvߣѲݵ˸ǰ˵˾䣺ò衣
ϵϸģطvһӣ֪ʲô⡣УԼҲźˣǴѾԼ͡
طvûӲյֻתͷϣԼԸˣ̲סͷ𣬡ЪŰɣû±ȥ˵ţһ۶ûϡ
طvߵøɴ࣬ϰûعǴ껽žѣֻԼվסүȥĶˣ
ǶȥˡҲŵòᣬūŵĲӷ𣬾㲻ԲԼôĶס

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طvһƿݵţѾ׼˯ˣױ̨ǰͷһƵĿԼôү˯׼ˣ
㲻ȥǱ𣿡ԼǸԺԼԼܣϾȥǱߣԼ벻֪ѡ
˭˵ġطv˵Ϲһƨ»ˣˡ
ȰѽЬһˡˣҲ䣬ϾȤǾûˡ
һ⻰طvʶ͵ͷոѾǱ߻ѥӣڽϲȵ׼ıЬˣԼ˼ҵĵطֻܹԹжͷϵλطvҲźʵʵ˦˽ϵЬӣùǧס
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ϴȫ¶ˬ٣ѾڴϿ飬Ļӻһû֡
ôҲ°۾ˡ鼸ռм䣬طvƤϴ־ͰߣⶼʲôⶫǼٵģݽȥ˰
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㵱ɵءûһԼʲôûܱˣдģһʲôûУϿܱС㸻ǧϣ˵ȥŽƶ
ֻû˵㶼Ҳܸˣû֮ǰ֪ԼָطvʱﶼϴԸ⡣ڼ¶ã޽סòҪЩǵӣʲôõġ
Ҿ˵һ䣬Ͱ͵ġ̫أطvҲԼĹˣڵͷɴѻһӵ£硣
ˣ˯˯ɣنͱ˯ˡŴмȥ˵Ҳ£˽ѵͳˡ
ﴩ⣬֮ںڵķɢţڿõͣطvѩ׵ľӶ¶ߣطvֱ治ˣ
˯ن˰ôһ˵طvʵ˳ûãֹһسģ߸˯£Ǳ߾˵ͷطvȥطvû˵ȥȥأһƨϣߴȥ
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Ҳ˯ţطvͲſСֹôôףͻڶǶװԣö￴ô۸ҵġ
طvСС߶Ҳ˵ˡԺŷһһһҵϣ˸λðȵļ˯˸ˣô˶ûҲ˯ȥ
ĸ磬ôðܵһѡڶ˳طvһžͰıոסˡ˵ûиҹ𣬽ŵʱɫѾ࣬ſʲôԺӣطvǴ취
طvһ죬үˡܵСˣƽֵ֮ϵ䲻ĻүȴǴûʲô˵ܰҶˡ
УĸѸϵĹܵʹ졣Ҫ˵ľųʱʲôضǴӹﴫȥģ⼸磬ϯ֮ЩҺүϣҲŶŪһһ¡
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˵ܵܵĻүѵú棬ⶫطvǱߴģôԼˣطvȢ֮ԺǱܳЩ˵ӵĲùʵõ¶ɼܲסϴԼǶˣʵ̲סһ˵˵ô¡
˵˵ҲǵȴͣطvطGϲŶУطvְִԭί˵һ飬ĸ磬˵˵¸ʲôϵԩԩ
үŵܵСһԹʵ̲ס˼űסЦҿôԩ˵ô˵үĻͦȥͰѹһ͵úõ߱ոȥ
öĵʱ䳤鶼Ӧþôڲ˵ʱطvߵߵܳӻˡ⻹ȥǶĥóȥ١Ƕ
ҪȥĶһ˵ܳ۾ﶼð⣬ԴӼ޽ϽǣԼųôãո˵Ǻ˺ˣɿǶһ㶯ûУԼֻܼڰš
컻·ȥүš˵ӣ˻ǲҸߵ黻˼ɵѾһͨͨ
нڹߵԽԽţ˹ſͣʱѾ߬סطv֣ͻȻ˸Լ˵óȥˡֱٴζų˿͵͵ƿųأŷԼж
˵ǳţʵǾֱȥ߱ոܸ˵඼ŪˣôҲûͼģɵÿϸˣȱʲôʲôùܡ
طvǣһǣ飬һһݵָĶǰԺĶǻ԰ɽϵʯͷϱרģ·ͨ鷿Ժôȵ˵ǣһǣúҲû˵ɿ
ΪžطvԼķӣҲ飬һ·Ц̵ĸ˵úܡû뵽طvƵԺС԰һתƼԺͤرµϯ
ʱңһүܸܲƽϡطvϲϳԿͦõ¶һˣøƽϣ½ϯͤһǻ˼ģû뵽ġ
طС͵òˣҲס˶ãؽĲò𣬾ͷԺʲôʱʲôʱϯϱ߻ڿʲôܽˡ
ү~ٱ˻ôҲϻߣ˶§סôôð~
طv÷ͷת򣬱˹ϯϣӶѺǰǷġ
ҪˣūŵֻغţѾ̫˵ԺڣⱴոûסأӾŸȿI磬ǲò
˹ҲߣѸ߸˵طvߣѾ߸ں߲Խĺ                        
С˵appϿ룬ֻҳ֪ǲǻСҲ
  ҪеĻǧҪҺʮСǽֳ˰ɣ
  ǳˣ֪ڼլˣֶֶլŰɣ
  ϹأǧԺ~

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ص¶ֵò󣬵Ǹ֪Ҳ֪վʲôû˵Ժ֮£ֻҪĲǣãĸóԴ׳Դףô춼СҪͻݵø̫һ㣬ǲеͷۡ
߲Ҷϱ鷳ϸطv˵һţЩŲŲ³űѡ̫ҽƽ˲ܲԺӲãŷԸȥūÿϳˡ
λһ¶棬̬ԽķСԺ˭ûǸģҲ֪ôڳġ
ôŤŤû̫ã￵ּ⣬ططvطTүհȥּ֮ȥ̸ɵʱ͸ˡسĳɼҳˣٽɣ׺Ҳһ
֪ǺúӣĶպã˹¾͵ԼģǸտҪϤ¶࣬û¾ȱˡȥĶӣҪѧ֣һֱ߬Ųŵǵ˶ӡ
ģϱҪв׵¶ûҶġҪرãҲرٳǰһڳǶ˴գ˺ø߸˲Ż
ôȥôãɵ𡣡屴ǰѾˣطvӣʱЩ磬첻һ͵ôӹȥ
ͳˣǶҲùȥúһ°Ҫ˵Ӷծأطvѹû£Ƕܸȥһ˾ǲˡ
طvߣѳɸĺӵ濪ģơӲ󣬴֮ͦһƱִһӦǰɲǳЩӲףƱ±߻мŵǾ棬Щȫǳĸܵġ
طvôһƱۿˣʰİ£ʮ˵ٿҪõĵطࡣԼίˣҲ֪ЩӶܶá
ˣүûɡ鿴⸱ģϽûҪԼ治֪ô塣
Ū͸үžһѺӸϵݸطvզ࣬湻Сģĵȫ˽ˡ
ˣ㻹ЩүǶƲνĻư֮˭졣طv֮ǰÿµǮ˽ĳϢԺֹţȻǿλүһ굽ͷһǮʣ¡ţЩӸôּӣôܶȥ
УǸ˭֮һ㲻ԼߵȫˡطvϱԹϱĵﻹͦ˵ġֻһׯľͷġ
һҹڰ˯һطv鶼˯ⶼûУ˸ɴ౧űӳ˴ҹƪʲô˵˵ڹ£õĲõģЩԹĿЩùѵʱ˵ЩЦҲ˵˵ԺԼĸۡԺҪô
Խ˵Խû˯⣬ȵūǽʱ򣬶۾ϴӸˡ֮緹Եü򵥣û񲿺˾Ͷˡ
ҵг̶й涨ģʲôʱõĶ񲿵Ĺǰţطvĵô뿪Ͻǡ
ϴγͬ˵˸طv鸴ӵֲ߬ɿֻطvĬĬԼײһطvڹﳤڹ˵ؾǷּˣһ㲻ء
ֻոǰ֮˿ոµĸۡͿɸļʮӣǵһӾͷɵȥˡūţҲǸ˵ĻźһŹһۣæ
طvԺ˲࣬ĶԺȻģݸۡʱطvרŸԺȦ˸С԰ͳΪľǺͺԺط𿪡
ԼԺ¶Ӻ֦ţгʱ񸮷ֵֿţòŲʲôǱߣΪסʱں߸ţָūǰڷŶѾĹˡ
ʲô˵żܵˣϽ˶˱ˮ
ӣԺ޸Ϊ˵סĶ³ˡҪ˵˵ĵطءָԺһǰһǰߵĹϣߵĸϡ
˵ϵıȽϺãϲ֪ôķǿϺԺµʯʯΪҪ˼һǸʵˣ˽´Ӧֻҧ˵סĶȫİš
֣һˣ˵ԺӶ˾Ƕˣ˭ҪвԸģұﵽȥҲǵΪʲôΪʲôҲ׼ѹס黹ôȥһˡ
طvרŴģ¼µİ³һ·֪϶ԼҰطv͹ġһ֣¸ɴ䣬˵ɤŶȱ˴һһ⣬Ǹտ˰졣
ǣū͹ȥİɡ¼ǧѡѡ͵طv֮͵ġ츱ͳŮǸӣ˾ʹûҪŮ͵ȥǰ̡
ɵšŮתתǼӽʼң߰˸طvûмλĿܣԺλү߶ԶҲ±ݸֽҲûˡ
ֵ˺Ժ֮˶һֲĻһ飬վ˲ֻĿ
߬ӣϻԸ⶯ҧҧʮָɴߵָǰǾͶֵģڸæʱūžͲȥˣת棬˵ūлǹš˵Ѿȥˡ
û뵽ƽʱһӴ򲻳һƨˣȻеôһֲ֡ô࣬ˣŲŲϣء
ڲϣݲٽ飬ת渣ūŲŸˣԺӾͺܺãūʰ⻰˵룬ֲЩôĲҪС

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æһ죬طvԹ¶ԺǱô£ճͲʵԺǰԺϴĵططvæҲ֪϶Լæ
޹ʱҹױһ̧ĶûСԼطTͬһףûͰ㣬˽¸Լ˵ļױȰϱĻҪ߳һءôණֶҪҪڳЩ¶طvõӲˡ
֪ʱЩȥɣԺӶĶĶʲôûΪʲô˵ʲôʲô׻Ϊ裬ʲô²Ҫ
У㲻ȥСطv治ҲͲô࣬ԼԺûˣطҲٺˣǾǲ£Ҫٳһţ켸ֵܻҪ㵽ʱЩ
ģǰҲ˲ӡǱߣҺ鹻ðҪҰȫȫƽŵǰȥô֣طv̫಻ǲܸɣǵСʲô¶ȫطv㲻˼
ôطvһ˵ҪȫȫƽŪԼߣˡҪˣһһȫţԼˡһˣϽ˯˯ɡطv˵§˾ȥ˵˵˻ȥ
ڿãҲ࣬ԼֵĶû롣طvĻ˵ҲΣһӶүү˼˾͵밲ûúܡ
磬磬ʫˣܵ⸮ҶԺˡһֵܣиеܵܣطvڵмúȵľƲƣܾܵľҲûãտϯʱеȶˣطʫ˴󷢣ʵ̲סͣ
ôһ˵һЦò㶼ֱǰطǶҪдʫʣֵ帮Ժ϶˿Ҷ⼸ô·
ֵֵˣһֱûñҪߡֵǴ٣ҲأҪ˭Ҳطvͳſڣתšջû仰Ĺ򣬸ĳʷ͵ߵߵĽү̫ӵˡ
һ⻰ֵнֱô磬ʱİ磬һռųһռŵգСʱЩܵǾֻ۰ͰͿĸڻʰߡڴ˸ˣֻҿţ˭Ҳ˻ˮ
̫ӹûҪеʧº䣬˼ƾҲˡжڴʰҪһϴУЩʰҲټ̫عĻ
ǰγԼֻھǣ˵úм˵òԼ̫ڰ·ѡ̫˼ȥĲģĵطִ̽Ϣⲻֻط|¹
ǰֱ̫ôԺҲûõȥȰѴ󸣽ͳţû˵䣬ְ̫ӭ
繬Щ¶ˣ˵ÿɱ̫ʯϣĶׯͻݣ˵ȫǼ޸̫֮һֱó裬̫ӹһһˣڻ̫ӺɫϢֻ̫й໰ûУϷҲ֪ͻݣǴ̡
̫⻰˵ãҶҪˡ̫Ҳûã¶˼ˣܿˡ̫ͰԺ죬԰Ϸ̨һһүǺ͸ǸռһߣطvǱߺںȾƣȵеˣǰģүֵòˣǱȥ
Ϸ˭Ҹ϶ţǳϷϷӲЩȡֵŶβ˹˵ĶȥЩլƽϷ룬ԽԽû 
ϷͤӴ߻и齣ƵĴƣϢϢϵСŻӡǻǱˣŪŴĳ
Ķ˭ϷûߵЦүǱߣֵֻ̨ϳĸûζˡߣҲȥƣ˵طv˼ң˵ʲôвͷġ
ôүͻȻչǸտʼٻЩӦ˵ǴСӵģƽʱ֮١վԱ߿ĿѾ˼ŮǵλãЩүɴʹͷʦ
٣ôţ᲻᣿үָֻź޲ðûشĸүǺƷĸʲô˵ǰָת÷ɿ졣
帣ãѾӮ˲٣үôɴ൹ּ˸ӷүĲһҳִ׻ıӣζҳ
üֻа˸ûӰϲǽ󣬲ϲžǽ顣Ըֻ֣һ˶ԣ۾Ϸ̨Ҳ֪Щʲô
үڻպǸİүҲǱֵܸЩʵʵŹϣ˭˶̾Ǻһš
طvȵĿαϣտʼʱʱĲ弸죬ͷ۾Ͳˡȶˣ˼Ȧƣ;ԼͻȻһ£𲻴鶼Цˡ
ȫȫƽϽ˷ȥ˾ƿɲô˯ţСԸūŰ˲ȥԼȴûŲѡոտһ۾ͿһͷϣԼĿɲɨˡ
Ҫ˵ߵû棬ڹʱܵĳھͶǰ֡ͤƾ̨֣ϳϷĵɤҲûáǶ̨ϳųˣүץһ׼ĽӶ̨һף̨ϵֳ
ôţֱ̫бˣδɢƾ֡ʹ죬ԺͿɱϷˣôŶ氡˵үᵫүڴһϻͦںָӮ˲١
帣⻰һߵͷһүүûǰգҶ˫սү䲻ɴֱ֣ĸġԽ帣öࡣ
˴ŵЦ˭Ҳ棬һҼҵĶ֮󣬹ſ˼ߡ޵ıո׺ͰСԺӲһӶŵԺ鶼˺һŵ
ݵʱطvûѣ˲ĵڴ˯㣬ֱŶˣ߲֮ۡҲڴϢطvԺ֫ţСһСȥ
ˡ⻰˵ðʧ䣬ί֪зָһ죬浽һﻹǲþ˹Ǹ֮ϵλøԶˣһģ뷨ûС

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ðʲôˣҲˣҪû꣬ǺôԼǡڹöʱǮҲûضһ鿴ӶЩǶûȥԼĸҰ
;档طvݺݲ˼£̧ͷʱ֮ǰǵСľͶҲ֪Դôô໨ĶģǰүŲ˵ҵĹŮأôүͲһˡ
ƶָƶϽԷһˡæһ죬Ъطv˿Լ˺üľƣС԰ϯϣһʱ˭Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ڹʱ춼ڰ˻е㲻ӦطvϿϵ㿴ߵ춼Ĵ󡣡
Լ׺ԽˣǰĶûȥڲط²ӦҲطvǹﳤģҲֻǸʮСֻȰο
ֻϧʮС飬µʱλòԣ˿һͲû˳⣬ǻҪȥţһȥЩ˯ˡ˵վȥٲֱܱطv
˹ıүܲû¸ɣڹèɣطvµĵһݲ¾ȥʵϰڶ˳רŰȥ˹࿴ĸǶĳƢЩ
طvеůʵʵվͷſۺڲ裬˾仰һԵĶӡףʰġطvƲƲ죬ԼҲʮ̸ƢһΣⶼ˻˵졣
ţȥɡƽʱ治࣬ȻҲ˵ĻŶҪ˵Ķӣûٶ˵ʲôڰ־طvȥˡ
ȫ⼸ôһӰȥ²ȱӣҲ˵ʲôطvëСʱ̸̫ҽϲԣвġĵĺһգ۶ôˣһʱп
үĻүأ˵߱ոϰڿʮ־ˣ˱չھƣͷ¡ȫ¶ò¾֪Ҫʲô
ߣ߼ҵǵǰߡȢϱʱ򣬿ƫطvġطTȢĹ˵ȥҲʵȨ˼ңĸͳ˵ǸطvҺ˺·Ժ̫ӼλҲС
ֻʲô㵽ˣû㵽ҵĹѣԼ֪»һֻ꣬Ƣãطvߣʲôӡ
ӣ߱ϲͺáȫЦŻػū߱գǱȳ֮ǰˣж߸Ĺͣ˵˵ȥүῴˣһ۾˼ˡ
ūţû˵ˡ֪ƨҲãûлʺЩӳɼȢϱ¿͵һʣڶӹ˳ģҲˡ
ͷŶӲģ߶ӳ˹ͼҴҵȥһ·ϻһԼҰ꣬仰¶ҪôãһȥţҪǳˣǱүҲÿ
үĪȺȿڲ裬Ƚɢˣүø¹ٳȥһˡطvһţͱ޲ƫЪţ޲ǸƵˣ֮ûɻŵġܶϻǶ£Цеӣ
޴ˣһϤϤ£طvﲻ̤ʵ滹ܳŰ㲻¶ġȻ˼˵ЪţǾЪšطv豭ţ費
ү¹רŴӼõģȵ㡣޲վ޺ЦţҲطvлĴֱɢ˻ᣬԱɺͼԱˣ޲үţ
žţľųﻹ˭ү˲ɣطvôɴ޲ֳ˹šطvˣ˼Ҵ˾ֱⱼֱ˶ûط
޴ˣȥĶطv֪ոŵʱҪԼȵ裬˵ôв۲ʵġ
˿ˣ˵͵⻰طv˲飬䶼ˣ޲컹û˵һƹ䣬ǰǸ޴ұ
ޣ޴ˣô°طvŵôϵȥôұԼĻĵطⲻҪطvطͶһֱڴ˵׶ʰҪ
үģϿͣӽ͵ú¹һලĹڣú¹ٶܡ޲طvһѣɱ˸յˤˣԼûϽ
˵ϣڹʱʰ˵Ķ࿴ǾԼ¡аɣҲûߣطvԴĸ޲ұ
ʵطv޲ԼĻҲǼλүµʱʲôѴϢͺǶ͡ҪʲôȱʲôҲ죬ϾүүֵôҲ±Щӡ
ұãսȥ޲ͽӹ˼۵ݸطvطv޴˲ϣɴֱѲסڱǡ
һֵططv·첻ˣӿݵĵ·һֱͷɻĿˤײţЪϢʱıߵһ
ͷһΣ޲ҲƽʱϰʱߡطvұԶŻϵĲѾڵĲطvû֮ǰ緢в»鷿ѵöࡣ
سһʱ˳޲͵ſڲŹָǡطvһһƨϣŷ˿ӻѾӭˣϽǰ˲סȥ죬ȥš
úõ˳ţͳԺſڽ˵ʱҲˡǲǺ۰طvžͲūǷţԼûԺߡ鲻ŷֱֵЩ
û£æȻ̱˿Լ·Ь飬𾢻һ䡣ôðźôܵ
ǰүæڼˡЬϵֻ֪һ죬˵϶ĵҲʡ
һ㶼Ļطv̲סǣǱˡ⻰ү˵˵ſɲ˵
֪үġطv˵ûģɴڰֲֳѾ׼õţЪϢ˵
ϵ֧ܰһ죬ôãʱƤⶼˡ˴ˮҩְ˷ţ߸ϺҩǱ˶˯ˡ                        


ڰ

һطv˯˸ذʱ򶼷ֲԼĶܾûұڱǼԶϢŽ˰ʲôʱˡ
ʱˣһΪҪֱ˯ء鿿طvߣĸűҪҪԵ㶫
ʲô˯̫ӶطvֻסҲ´ϵ𴦵ĲһܾʱʲôϵĹһֱûطvϰ鲻õʱ򣬾ſǰһ㡣
ʲôУ仹רļطvؼҵͷ˯֪߸˯£ǱϾͶżһĵѰԺ
³Ÿ˯µˣúԺſھͰ˸֣⼦רŸүģ֪үմŻڸзҲﲻϱæŵʱūŵźү͸ţӦӦֵġ
ʵţҲǱΡǰڹǰǰôطʱˣ̧ͷͷܹ˶áԴϻڹ̧Ⱦߣⶼˣ˶ûϼ档
䵽˱ո֮ôүԺųı߿Ƕ֪ԼҪٲ취ոûԼˡ
ˣȥɡ鲻ĹŴþƯϣǱҪڴϴطvֻԼǸˣҪϴСЬ͸ð˷ŽȥҪǳԩң˭ù˭š
û뵽Լ̲סĺһ֮žԼԽˣظĻūҲıүźү͸ūŵı֡
ı־ǹԼӣòġ˵ҪôԼȥҪôôȥ˻ػ׻źӣ鲻Ըƽϡ
û뵽ôǿӲԺͨ͸Ҳүߣ¸ȴҲûһۡί̲סʣٿԼȥţŲĵİݸ֣ūŸˡ
ϣҪҪȡѧģһ㶼ûҿˣò
⻰طv󲱾ӶëǼǶҩϵĺʲôûţŪСҳԵɵɾˡ
úã̲סЦЦ´ȥ׼Եġ˵򵥳Ե㣬һô˾ΪźүģŪС˰˺Ūˡ
㲻ûʲôĳԡ˵ûʲộ黹һÿӰеļٷŵطvǰСϵĲ˲٣طvĻֱߵһСƹϡƹģǿθطvôֳ뷹ŷ¿ӡ
Զ˲˯£طvɴԺﶵȦɢﶼã
ãҽѶЩһ£ѼƹйӵҲÿǼڵԼġ¿ʲôɵʱ򣬵ŷһ컹ղٺĲܸߵܵиӦǻǻظĿ
طv߱Ҳ죬߶ߵճ飬챻ŵĻ֪ͱ࣬㲻Ұȥˣȵѻ˵ˣŲ˾졣
ҲʣȥԼû˳ʲôʡи׶Ŷ࣬ԼæרŹűжĹطvŸǺʷ飬ֻǿҪˡ
ĻطvҲǰŵһ죬лʰͣ޲ҲҪԼһ뷨ԼĻ˿ǽò˵Щ취ԼãǸбµܰһҲҪûõı¸ˣǾͳؼðš
ţҰͷ°ˣ˵ͨȻҲԺȦ泩Ļ˯
޴ˣôҡڶϳʱطvеڲסϵˣҲûôˡϳŵʱԼٰ֧㣬ûĸϻˣ˾˰ɣҲû˸ҵԼ
طvģҲļʾοүȥͱɳȥӲˮһ˲Ƥպڱʱľ͵Ӫ꣬һͷ׫飬ȥɵǸֵ˭Ҳۺǲ¡
Ǳ߲ȥ첻¹ٴүϤϤſڡ޲쿴űҪЩҲûԹطvٷһǸ̤ʵµĵط˵Ҫ˱үԸɻǸǳ˵ĺá
һ˵ûţΪ˸ĸ︺ʲôĴĵڴʲôͰطv۵ùǺ緹͹ģ׼طvǷݣɺͼԱɵĶˡ
ƬϲʲôʱһٺóԵķ֡óԣĳվرãķˣһӴûһ˵õģ䷹Ĺ𻨷ۣ󣬵ʤʡ
һ˳дԱɣ˶ͷһγⶫúܣһ¶ˬòˡô˼գطvڹȸսҪ˳ֱ࣬һգطvյſھ޲ЦеĳԼ
ү⻧˵õӣ͸õˣɽûӰҪ¹һɣȥҪǮǲǴԼĸӡıճ޲±˦ӣŷҪԼ
ģĸ£ٵ죬֤֮ӡҪ׼ӵĵطͶȥˡ绹ûϳʱүʹյطvǰ£˵ǴӦǮõ졣Լĸطvģ˵ǱضͲԼġ
ˣ޴һأطv޲ߣ޲˵ʲôҲ»ȥ޲쿴Ű㲻ż߱գ˼ȥһҧһţͬٵ졣
طvȵʵҲţиһҪ޲ǰ棬˵ϻɾˡүǸ׵ģ˵ǵ죬֮һ磬Ӿ˹Ŀⷿϲ޲ֱ֣طvҲ漴ӦԼĸԼ

ھ

֪ˣү࿴ŵȶˡطvҪүԼһ˵¡һ˵үʹͬˣϾһδϰ壬˵Ժǰʥ裬ôҲ׽׽ϵ
ģū׼粽롣飬⸣óܵÿƫƫֳһף¾ûи첻ֵĵطԼףڸү²󣬵︣Ǿɡ
޸߻˵꣬ӾͼҴҵĽѾߣ鿴ϻŵţ֪϶ǺԺ۶ˡ
ūŸˡһ⻰ԹͷˣԺ¶ɲʱġҳʱϺԺߣ͵͵һۣƽľͷһ۶Ż𣬵ϴŸͷ̧ø߸ߵģϰ벽Ŷ顣
մӹûðɣǵڶˣǲǾó֮û˹ܵǣϾǺģܾõ׶ˣ˭ǵģûҪѹ˭۸˭ЩǲԿͲѵҲ顣
ū֪ūŸˣ븣ˡ黰û䣬Ͼͷūʵܲˡ
Ӹհᵽ𣬾һֱ˵ūŵԺӱĺãϴλԺûɣٰѡūŵԺߣÿսҪԺ·ū͸ԺˣǧҪˣɼūż㲻ԼˣҲ㲻
ЩūųţѾȥʳǮֻҪһҪ䳰ȷ˵ūṳ̂ԺӰˡ˵ǵͨ죬鶼ˣ޸طvôã⻹Լͷһ˵ô໰
磬ūȥţû뵽ʱ򾹱ǹԺߣūֻΪūŵѾ·̰浢ˣĳȴǱ衣һ뵽ʱԼʵڵȲѰȥǿԺſ߿޵ÿĴꡣ 
ǺòߵĿӣּֿü춼ûܲϻ飬һֱĵ˵ģôְ˸
֣ϻȥһˣ˰ѶʰʰͰᵽԺǱȥԺźԺĳλôСסĵطҪá
ͬϣԼģûҪͻݰοҵϰߡɴ໰Ҳ˵ʲôֱӰ˰ǡϣȻôϲǸԺӣͰȥһֱסǶɡ
˵ģʶʾʲô϶аԷˮһŵ˹ýͷô֣ϷֿסõԺӡ
Ļ۾ԲˡԼǻűүͷһأҪҲԼԺᣬ޳ӣƾʲô
ôˣ˵šҪûʲô˵Ǿ˵ڰֲٶ˵ʲôлĻϣߣһǲţϵ׻űүĺӣǳҲûںסһϱϾүĺӣؾͷµķǸѵ²Ϊ
òʹž߸⻰ۿˣʵʵ˸ͷŴֳȥˡŸӳվͷԸҲҳ
ڱүǰҲģ鿴ίģʵ棬ˣôͬһ¹ӵô裬һױһõͦﰡ
ˣֻԣū޻˵вҲ
УǾĲ˵ˡӲϲٸʵףӽһҸôڸÿȥǶƽ¶Ǻú̥ǺʲôҶ㡣˵ٲˣúְ˸ȥˡ
Ͳúӵȵϳȥˣ֦̲סʣҺԺЩǣֵľú˵£ڶʱ򶯲ǶӲӱסˡ˺֮ǸĺӲã󲻹үǶܡ
ʲôģҪû˹ܵһ㶼Щǹ˼ɵ¶ʲôãԿ۵ֻǵģ¸ųԹҲգգ۾ܹȥ¶
˵ˣһôǼλүҪ̧ˣﻹжٺӣĵĶء˵һҲл˵һжֻǸ֮ʹˣͰѲʹ¶׵Ժ
߼ֵò죬һطvĸȾƵǺȵͦá˶ǶԿҪ˽ˣټһѾʼطֵپƺȵʵ
ĸ磬ܾܵһ˵죬ع˼طvһ޲ǰλãҪȻ϶ɹѰŪġ
ֵ˵⻰⡣үҲףжӣû˱̫ǶʱʱţԼŲӶ̫̫ע⡣ܵȸҲס
طȥֻýȾƺȾƣʲôھ˰¶ǣ˵㲻پţ˵˵ȥջƻصϡ
Ҳ֪ʰʲôʱҼﻹиŵģָոճܣС¶ҼλţҪҪŴɾ
طvȵһʵ̲סпԼæҲæϳ˷ʵʵ˯ʲôɡǰͷϣ͵͵Լ˵֪ô£ڰô̰˵Ļɼжۡ
طGط⻰ҡͷڹʱֻôв£ʲôУֻҪڻʰǰ¶ˣԼļˣܾͶһǣҡ
˭˵ǣͷϴչ꣬϶û£ҪһţٻӶˡүӣ˾û£Ķ˵ȥ
طǵ̲ס˸ۣкӵĳûӵĸںԺǼһ㶯ûУҪǴ˵Լٻ¼ֵһء
ĵĶǼҳ̣ûǰǸүū߶Цֱ˶ȶˣŷǸظңҸ
飬գ˼ҡȵһ鲻֣һǳ˵ľֻ˵Ļǻôãûȥң񻰡
У˾Ǿͻȥ˻·ϴ裬Ű˹ɸ󻨾ӵ˯

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Դӽ֮ҲûعңڹҲͺͶϼΣңЩ˷ˡ
طv~̫ɹƨ~Ͼ˷ܵ˯ţһˡȵϴÿŻͷûѵˣɴ˵ϣű
֣ʲôʱȥǶ簲طvסԼֵ֣ү˯òײȥţΪһӾֹͷֱҹδͣ
˯˯˯֪˯㿴˰ȴʵʵ˯ߣԼ
ͷûΪ˵ûнĸ͵ľϾطK˵Ű糤úи࣬鿴طKʵ̫˵㣬˵ȷúãҲôۺ䡣ÿμطK鶼Ѻ̫Ϊˡ
һֱͦעⷽ棬طvȻëС书һ㶼û¹ʱ˺޲ðүȦڼȴϰϣԼѳǴԣǸֵǲˤӶУֻû˹ܾͰһı¸ķˡ
ߵĲʹ󣬳ȥӡסڹʱʱΪľܲʱعˡſЩǲǸҲǸǱոŵģֻܳ߳ԡ
طvҲԼڳˣĲ˵ϣƽʱϲԼСIIŮˣ¾ٲˡ֮طvԼ͵͵£ֵĴкֱ׵ĸǿ϶Լˡ
ٺõϯصĻζҪζòΣһ̲˳ʣһ׵͡Ĳͨ˼żһϲطvڹϸģڲ˶ֿŵĻʰ磬Щܲˡ
ǸɴҲݣרЩүǵ⣬˵׬ǮôԹһӾ뵽˽˹ˡ֮ǰɸЩ棬˵ʵڵĵضβƹҲʵˣֻϧɳڹֻÿӣһŲʡ⼸ڶӲдһǾԲеġ
аүţʱ߸׬ɱ˸ﻹиˡô˵طvҲûȥ˾ôڴྣֱ緹ˣŲò
뱴ոԶ˵ҲֻʵڼܲסսͳĺͬѾӭǰܻȥš
ĶĸӣĸŵôһŮ¿øһûͻʱϸ˶ţɴҸһȵ˼ңŮ߼޹ȥ˳˳һӡ˭뵽ͼ޲ɣ޽ʼһ涼ѡ
ͣڶͳſڣŶѾſӭӡطvŮҲǱүطvϵһ㣬˻ûҾѾסҪķӼˣطvҲֱ˵ضһŽøȥ
֮ȥ˺ԺսԺϾʹһѱסŮĸĺԭûôҲúۿǼá
˵ʲôɵùѲɲð˵ǸŮӣô˵ѵȴЦ⡣֮ﻹɩӺãɩδǰ棬ϵ˵϶ãԼӲҲ͵СӻǺϲġ
Щʹˣź򷨿¾ʹǼ¶޵ʱСû£ôƯĴЦţĻҲ˵
˵Ůһ̨Ϸ߸Ů˾һǾȲг֣˵ĶЩҳ̣Ĵ󲻹簢ǺòãСҲСĸɩɩ˸ӡֱĵò࣬ϿϱҪ׼ȳȥˡ
˵˵ڱո׺òãŮʱ̫ˣ˵ÿμ˵ʱǧãŮǱϲǣԼ
ðûʲôõġӹòڹ˲ɱĶͦãطvżˣСӱĴëûУ괦ԼٻϲģͺѵˡʱﶼелûЩʡĵĶԼ
ô˶û֮ǰڹÿζȥҴңҲ£Ůˣô̲סҪĵ¶һŮ죬һһֱ˳ҪȻҲһĸĺӡŮһֱûż
~ʵʲôѽ~鶼챻ЦˣԼ޸طvʱŸʮܺúӵ͡һֱССĵıУ»ѡ
ʱԩҲܲ˷Ҫ£ԼºҪ͵͵Щ취һܣò׵ȵʮǳܻеʱˣû뵽ȻԼҶˡ
Ķ£ûŮ£ռʱǵȫ˺ɸ֣˵ѾˣôģҪǡ
ҪҪˣϻӲһ˵¶طvԸȥǶܳɵġһֱԼ裬ûҲбˣܲһѹһһҾ͸һɣǳʲôˣŮֲĸ
Ѿͷ˵ʲôء϶ҪǲҲ˺üŮԼ̣Ůȴ۵òˡ
ͷİɣҸŮͦõģӻأŮһŮзִ磬ӱ֤Ҳˡ˵ĵϳҲûбİ취ʱҲˣžūŽǰȥ
ԷʱûطvǱ߿ҲƳе㲻ԾϻЦŸԼҸĵòֺЩԼڿ϶
Թ緹֮û̫ͣ˱ӶͳʱԼҶ˵ˣո¶ʰˣԼʱ鷳öһȥԼ
Ͽɫ۽üҶ͸˳ĵŮ˵ʲôͷӦ¡ֻҪŮúãȥȥոǶǴҪġ
ոǰôˣôĵòˣ֮طvⲻԼ⻹ˣ
ûʲôҪ˵ģطvһʹŹίԼǸĺ߸ʲôԲס¶
˵˵ʲôһ⻰ͷԷ籩Լûʲô¼˵İ⴩ԽҲûʲôһҲûʲô÷ʲôء
ˣȻ벻ˡطvһ˵⻰͸ɴӶԱŲŲԾܾٽ
һӻ±ˣȥһ·࣬˺ü˴ŵ£ɻûطvΪʲô֪ͣѾ˱ոſڣطvʵ̲ס
С棬ôûү˵                        
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ʲôôҲû뵽Ϊң⡭ҲûʹǺСʱﰢͼȡСҲͼ׽ļ֪˽Ĺر˭ǵ˵¶طvԼŷӦ
үͲ˵ģ˵Ҳ黹˵ʲôĻظˡֱص鷿ºطv¶̲סȥ߶ԺģүȥҲȥ
ү㸣һңȻŭȥ鷿˵Ҳ̤ԺšϢûŵʱ򣬾Ѿڸﴫˡ⣬ôǺá
ʲôͲӻˣֺͺֵǱոŸģûڹﳳʲôģЩֽšãС߰ɣǳߡ
ֿ֮֮ӼùǺô˵ӣżҲûã˵ûҲֻñ죬ɴȥСæ׼
ߵ붼רĺʯ룬ССһϲĿڶϰһСˣʯڵĶôеñһƬĻȣÿζøݣԸ˲С
Ѿ̫һɽʱһڵߣζˬˡ֣ĵ׶ãó
ūл͡ϰߣԺЩǵԺūҲųʲôüѾū׼·취ȥնúܺˡ
֣鰡ֳʲôˣһֵ;ŲԣƽǴɤżֱԺһôˡ
ӣոһˣ˵żǰԺȥˡʱ䣬ӵĹϵԼģҪ˵˵ϹԼôźӣһһ߸㶥ܳġҪ˵ż̶ıүʵ̫ˣȵý˾Ųһ㡣
Ϣù찡ȥɡ¿ӣˡǸ飬ʱϴȥ϶ûùӳԣطvӣڹȥǾȥͲġһ£һ£طvĵ;ĪԼίأ
֣Ժˣûʲô˭׼ţԽԽҽ˵ǽضԺˡͲбһӲ
Ժ˽ţǰԺϵǿԼĴһ·赽鷿ſڡүˣ˵ר˼
ţԺԼĳǷֿģطvƽʱڶԺԹˣһ»ɴĲˣûʲô˵Ժ̥˭ġ
ŻԺӵطv֪֮ùǺΪԼԺٿ϶ûô£ĳǰᶮµˣԭҲˡ鿴źӲ뷣ֻʵںԺ̥û뵽˻ʵȻֵǰԺˡ
үһҪ˵һǰԺûź򡣸ŶأūǲšͦһףԼŸûźˣǰոʲô
ȥ㡣طvһ⻰ʶۣĲʱʲôۡҲŹȥߵ˶ˣӽ˭Ҫٶ࣬үˡ
ǣūˡĪ˶ͷͻȻ˷ݲ£ٳϣɫ㲻ÿ񣬻ȥɡү˵˴ӽԺ㣬óˡ
⻰һԭƯƯǻ΢΢ЦŵϣһӾɷܡүǲ˵ʲôˣ
үĻдҼͷİڰ֣ʹӼȵߡصԺ֮һƵҪЩӸһ·ң˭֪ӣһֽ֣üӰԼѾϡ
ʲôһסһӣߣѾ߶ǸԼˣ˴ߡ
ūȰǱţү˼ūҲǷ¡˵ʾӰסϣʣµ˺ܿͰѾ߸ȥ
»ϵѾúܿ죬ϿޱѾվһźԼţٿԴӰطvûһεԺӣһֱûʲôʵˣͻȻһͰѸճȥĶȫ˸ɸɾ
ǰԺԺôһͨԺŸͲ֪ʲôطvȵҹҲûʵ̲ס˲Űнǰߣû˹
룬⻰ʵʣոϲűһϻȥ˭ʱӻԼүĻˣӣǸˣԺǱѾˡ
طvһ⻰ԭ˰صֳ嵽ϣ۾ˡŮ˴Ӽ޸Լʲô¶һˣÿζԼȵͷ˭Щˣ˭ҪȥϹģȥ̴
鱻һͨЩϽ鷿Ѿȥ̴һ̴ﻹһ߶⸣Ӳ˶ƣƫԼλүͻ˸ĵұүϲรݺݺò֣ԼҹŸܱ۸
һҹ˶û˯ã벻طvһС¸ǵץŲšһСطv͸һ㣬ԴӸ֮һ˯;˯ر̤ʵҲΪԽԽȥǱߡ
ˡڶһ磬Ÿ۾ԺϴϾѾԺſڣŸ밲
ԴӰᵽԺ֮ϵӾͺù࣬ԭǹŮǳɿԼʵŷŵ߱źġʲô裬ֻҪȹӾͺܺˡ
ɡûϽôô磬Ȼͻ˳˸緹˲죬Ҳȫû˵˼ɣЩԼģС͹Ҳ䳡
ֱ˷˵Ķ˵ˣϲûһȥˡ鿴ıӰû˵˽ĹǵϢԼԼͦõľˣ
֦ȥⷿҼƥʱ˵Ĳϣ͵Ժȥϵ࣬ʽʵЩȻǸĵģҲܿ˼ҡ
֣ǱôˡԸ֦ûסˡ
үһͳˡ
ûʲô
ûûСҪϳȥûü
⻰ֻʲôûüǻԼ𣬰ӻˣ

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ȵطvǰԺûԭ鿴һ̶֥С£ôϡͿִˡֵҪȥ˻Ҳöˣ֣׼׼ǽ밲ȥ
ӹ˿ɲûϵˣ˵ǰĹأЩǷʮӦ빬밲λ̫һǲЩϱԹؾͽǸˣÿ³һʮ밲
طvȥ֮󣬳ʵ˲Ȥ˵ǽ밲˵ƯŽįġЩҰƹǶе￴ˣϱŰǼӸһģô
Դ֮ٽܻ˵Щߵ¶С¶ţֻҪĶ˵Щһ빬Ǽʮ겻óԼ˵ոͬиСϱÿΣǼ˳øһлýζ
ˣʲôУⶼС¶֣ô֪鳣Լ˵ЩںԼġ֮ǰԼ˵ԺкܶҪԼ̣ˣǲǵӦ֣ڻܸԼ˵˵ľʮѵá
㣬ǲǸ¿ˡո³һ㶼֪¿Ķ˵ôſ˸顣һܳûͷûβʱûˣԸ¶֪ΪʲôģȻҲͲ֪
Ⱳô꣬˵ܣڿǰǶûйġӶϱ첻棬Ǿ¶ˡ
ܻеģɲƫۼұүҪ˵жҲڣһӱطvⲻ֪ĶаŪˣؿǱүϱϱõء
治ԼϱҲƵóԼǶʮϲԼעҪǽһӵģи֪˶ţǸЩ
鿴˵ĳЦΣûҪôŪȥ߾̫ͨˡĴ࣬ϸһֿ϶壬ڳ⻹ǵһء
֮ʵʵվ±ߵͷǿѵúһԼɫɲһĳϳʱϰ˰վԾԶ
ȫȥˣû뵽СӻǸ̫֡ϣ˵þҪ취ôĵˣɻطvֻϱ̫ôѸүǸ۸ˡ
Ҫ˵㿵ͦĳӣҪȻҲѡҵĹŮϱôû뵽ʵˣôŮô⻰˵ã˵ûˡ
ʱˣһԷɣһ߶ţػ˵˵⻰˵óۿҪˣֻүϸģﶼۣƵĶҪˣǿûһ
кߣﻹ̲ס²ۣԼҪԷģǿүҪʱȻƮƮ仰ͰѳɺϲЦտԼС˶ġԼǸҪֹҲԼ岻á
ŵʽǾ͸ֻԼͳɵʱһˣӵĲ˿鶼ûס̿ˮͻʵһԷƽʱһҲƽǰͳ˵˵ЦЦֻʵʵͷԷ
ֻû뵽ԼѾǱһĴˣûԼǰԷԵôˣɴԼͣ˿ӣͿԡ
ܸܵڶԼҲ̧ͷҲʣͣ¿ӸΣֻüװ֪ԼġǳƲȥˣסһ뷹Ķϱ
ˣԾͳԣʵøˣԷԵ㣬ҲθڣɴִҲ³
үôõθڣԱߵūҲ鵽Σֵߵߵĸ˴׷ʹȥɷ߲ܲ԰˼ҲףԼ˳ԷףȰ꣬鶼ԼͿɸͰˡ
˲֪ǳ֪ǿԸ˱㲻ʲôͷҲǶһӡ
ԹҪˣŵݣС̫߶½˵ǹϢұˡ
һ⻰һ¾ͱɫűŵĻ顣˵ǲԩңÿȥŻǳȥ鶼˶ˣûʱǰԺ˵Ҫȥ⣬ǡ
𣿿챸Լڹ϶ǴֵģϢû˵ɴ׳ŵֱȫû
֣ҪʲôһŻع
ʰ꣬ϱȥطvȥµַ˵ǰ벽áģҲ֪ǴĴңȫȥˡ

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ϽģҼ˸ţͷһӶҵɿĳ˳ȥ״ϽȫȥҪʲôôøӽ
ǿ˿ڣūżȥϳ֮󣬹ſѾС̫ǣڵˡͷлҪʱȫ׷߸߸Եȣ
߸үĶ䣬⼸ȥүô·ȫ׷˵ֱû뵽ƽｿεεĸ
УǾ͸Ͻ߰ɡлʰꡣûĥߴЩԸž͸ţûʲôõġ
鳶תͷ޺ݺݳƨϣͷҲصˡȫϽߴټûӦϽģϽȥ·ǧע⣬ˤ˿ˣ
ȫָϽߵߵĻ̸ȫĸһʱ֮ʲôû˵Щ곯Ұ뺺ѧںضЩ׹ǰѹþϸ߼ҵģǺþûˡǣԼʱЩǵӣ˿Żϲ
֪ԼѾڿǶˢ˸뺷飬ڳ֮˹˺ͽӵϢϹطӹ֪ؾұ̮˸ӣʲôȥ˲֪
Ϣֶ߬һĵĺϽȥطִҴ׷˹үŴװ鶼ˣǣ
磬·˵ɡżұϣԸͣطʸһ˵˵طٿ񶼲һˡֲ߸รûУôԼҲ۶ӡ
֮ڳܵÿ죬ɵұһС·ĵطǰߵ·ͳ߲ˡǰ߹֮·խ࣬ػصĿǣлߵģҲҪȥ˵ġ
ȻǾߣϿһȦҲûطvӰӣôӼļԭص˳Ҫ˵Լӹﵽһ·Ҳ˲ٹҪܳ϶ͳˡ
ϣ˶ҲŸͷߡչ䣬һС·ǿɾû˹ǸǱүͷͷߣһ񶼲
ã㵱ЩҪҽȥ֤߸ط˳ײ𣬵Ů˰šΧܲ˼ӣôһС·ͱøխҪۿҪˡ
òãǼôΧˣҼǰ߿·׹ϽȥҪˣʱ˭±²Ű
Ҫ˵¶أطvûµʱطvûһɹζ޲̸֮ˡұһĲӦϰˡ
طvһ·Ÿ߹ĵط¡һŵ±ǵضɽҡطvʶһͷǰһƬҺͳӯڶԵĽкһӾͰ˸ˡ
طvȽŲãһʧƽ⣬ûӾļҪᣬͻȻ˫ְ˲סܣطvϡͿ˺óһ·ͣ⹫Ӹ磬ô
ûȴлطvͲ㱻仰ҭԼûûС˭أطvתѵ⣬һתǰڵʵӣǰѵߵĻȥˡ
ʲô֡Ӵűطv˶٣ոֻܳҲû˭¿Ҳˣͨһ򵽵ϲⲻһֱ޴ߵĹˣ˵ʲôү
С롣˵ǲ³λžǶµˡ
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ұߣѾˣڻάţ˵ŵôûٲطvòȺߵԣͿ޲ԴϵѪվڿ˰ߵǰֱš
޴ˣû°ɣûǽ˸ұŰطvǰȥԹһ·иһʰǶô˵ԼѧţѧûѧʲôĴȫԼŪˣ˵ȥˡ
޲쿴طvһ̣ᶼˡطvıԹʲô˵ֱ֣үû¾ͺãû¾ͺðطvȥû߾ͳˣ˸մҲſһ룬޲챻Ƭ˸ͷѪ˭˲ЩүѶӽԼԼ߱ղˣⲻҪ
λأطv֮޲һˣΪ˶û
үģ˳ˣǼұүȥˡ޲˿תͷΣطvϽ˿ʯͷЪţȵλԱ
ôĳ棬طv޲춼ûȳʱԼڻѳס¾ǳҲðȵĳԼǰ߾ˣؽ粻ٶꡣ
ԣȵһ˺ò״ұſڣͿߣָʹ̧˵طvﻹ߬˷µޣ¿ŲԶطvͷͷۣűӾطvǳ壬һҪ˵
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ȻˣǷֻǿԸ~ףԪڿ~~~
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㡭鱻һ±ˣʲô࣬ϸŰģĸĶ
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ү֪㺦ǲǣģʲô¶үءطv벻ʱӶ΢΢Żˡطv뵽ЩĶˣ֮ǰǵһӾȫˣòˣ˵Ž黰һ㶼ߡ
˵һٶ˥ߣ춼˻ɴٽͣ⺩ԸȥɡһϽܵҲˣطvǰԺպϼ·ζƽţɾĪİġ
߽Сطvѵ˵ôĻҲǵ⻰ĻŭŵˡҲǣϲ˲䡣
ˣ˰طԭŭĹȥΪҪûԼܻܵôһ֣طĵﰵԼһУ˵ʲôʱǾ
һûûˣϴ˿쿴ؾǲˣ·ĿǵӴЩеĶ࿴еĺ޲ͣϸ¶ţԭլүҲôطʵǿȥ߽ˡ
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߳ô£ܲ𣿡ӵϢʱϴڣԼڱЪΣһ¾ͱϢŵòûﵽȥ
ŵʱطүߵ̫࣬үæ׼ƺˣô£ǮȱϲȥطûյϢɲʹȥˡ
ˣˣŵøϽȥﻹϢأطvٲȥǵð˸
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ġطvӦľ϶ǿģûްǰޡ
аɣطvҲٶͼұ˳֮ǰطvֻþ棬ȿӢˬ֮󣬲̲ס˸ʰǸԼ˸ʲô
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ϱݺ˵߱գѵʵû죬һ·͵͵ϸˣƽʱǰ˶ЬȫͣͷϵķˣǱòӡҪΪԼء
˵Ͳ˵ˡطv󷽷סߣһ·ţǸʲôó棬ֻĵ߸пû뵽үﻹ˸֣
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ںӵƽˣһųɾ۵һ˳ٲܿô롣Ľطv´ﺢӲ˵
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֪˽һԼ˵þҪƫСġԼǸɣүôӲܶطvεԼģԼûһ壬ǾͰеİɡ
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ָ𻰾˵úˣطvͨһ򵽵ϱѵͷҲ̧Ź¿ģǰѿĻˡҪǻϻ˵طvТ֮Ļȥ߱Ժ·ˡ
ôһҲӦϽաԼǶ࣬ҲûൽѹĵزˣȥɣȥддشĶˣдòþͱ
ãһ湻ݵġطvԼһʰ˽⣬һزдĴα˼Ƕָá
飬Ӳдһ㶼⣬ֻⷣòʹģѾˡ˵˲ǷдԼʱһѧдǧֶԲסԼЩΧǽ
ص֮󣬸ܼūͷһûطvӵ˸šһ磬߸¶ľųﴫˣ˵ʲôĶУŵĶ¹Ӣ˵˵ľƪˡＸˣ˵ǹҪ̽
⻰ֱЦãԼͻ˵ģ춥ҲܵԶһ㣬ôطvһ·һ·Ƕֱ飬ɴطţžİȫ˿
ôˣصڶԺϣطvź֪ľЩ£Լұߵ㣬˵ǴȥˡԼȥ˵һ˰ˣҪҴҹȥ͵ڹĶҪǵ
ˣͲˡطv⻰٣⼸ǰһ˴ˣûԺĺã˯ҲûڶԺ˯㣬ĳӲҸһ䣬үһ̨¶ɰ
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~㺰û˵;һθϽģûƿֻòӺݺݸŻ˼¡
ôǣǲ·ϴ˷磬طvŶϽ
֪ȥ̫ҽơϸû׾һȷͻȻһмְա
̫ҽúܿ죬һݾͿΧ߸תʶү̫ҽİ˸ϵһߣȵûٹ̫ҽϲЦտĸ˵ϲھǳ߸ϲˡ

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ģһֱûطvϴû˵ֹܻġ˵ⶫ¹ǸǸܻУطv˽ĻǸԼĺ
үϷҽô꣬Ӧпˡ̫ҽֳΪ˸֪СӣҲطvƽϡɵЦŵıү⻰Ӹˣôְ˸ɰר̫ҽͻȥˡ
棬ǿк̫ҽַԸȥ¶һǮطvŹϷߣɵԶһźӡ
Դ̫ҽ˵Լ֮е±ƣǲҪӣļƻںӿɲŵһġմӹطv˵ҪſԼҲһҪ¶Ҫĵ꣬Ҫ׬ǮºһͰѼƻˡ
ǲǺܸ˰˵˿Լʲô飬ǿطv˸߲ҵӣԼҲЩڴĺӣҲ֪кŮ
ⶼʡطvûʲôԣɻϣүпҸʱ䣬Ժﶫ᷿СԺʰԺӶҲס¡ǶӹˣͲѧһ׷úһס
طv˵˵ȥûһ˯ˡпҲ˵ʵǹ̫ӳﵽ⣬ԼΪԼҪʧȥҪһӭһµСʲôˣȴʵʱ䡣
ϲµڶͷһ¹ӢĹ´ľųǣ͵Ҳ͵طvȥϳһдõļ飬ǰŸߣųɵʹ;ʹӹ͵ոרŶˣǻ˺Ͳýشӡ
û͵ģԼĪǵ³֮Ĺ򣬿ִĵһ͵Ĵ붼Լ½½ܵģԴöȶС͵ľ͸ҲӲʵãһҪһӹŵġ
鿴ŰѶԺǰƺʹͣʵûס̾˿˵ʶƵʱʶ̫ƵҲʲôɵ¶Ȼ˶ܲһһ磬ԺһѲֹŷҲŲˡ
ڼյطvҲضãϲ£ѵõûѶӣһûĵۣүҲű£žʹȥˡ
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޴ôˣ쵽ʵ¸̫æطvûüȥ޲츮һʣһȥԱɣطvϽסôһ䡣
үģ޴˺أ˿ڻͦˣƤˡԭ޲컹ȥұӲǱ˸סˡ޷ǿ۹ķˣ޴ڼʵء
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鵽ҵʱطvѾڼˣôȥôãǲǲôܰطvԭֻ͸ȥ˼˾Уĵ޲ع˵Ҳ١û뵽Լ⸣Ǵúܣ߸ȥ̽һԼڹ޲Ƕ͸ȵˡ
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ڹ̫ۣ˵ǹ߱ôţ޼ǡӹõӷŵҲ˵ְһӵݵطvȥˡ
ţǾȷŰɡطvתתָ޲ҵĺӣ˵ûҪôãɲ˷ˡүҲһˣ룬ͷڸ￴ңʲô¶ֻñǡ
˵ŻһۣŶԷĹףǳ˹Ŀʼ         

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ʱflag⻰µص峯Ҳûġĵ˵Լʲô¶ûУŴӵڶ𣬾ӿ¡һµʱŰں֮ߵԣһ˵ζ˱ǶѬŻòûθ³
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һ£ֱӿʼԻʱ򣬲ͻȻȫˡҲ˿ζҲˣ˯˯ر㡣Ҳ͵ʱ˵ǰһȥ밲
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ۣ̫ҽ˵ˣﲻö߶ŶԺӺáؽ˶ϱذƹϵЩҪϲһ档
شӳɸԭȵĳ˹ŶӺεꡣ滹ޣҪ¿ţñϵĻѾòˣƹһõģ͵Ҳõó֡
ϱТɴơ׺ͳʱɼ˴ҵ׸ӣҪǻΪļ⣬ӾǰˡʲôöôͰ͵
ɴӵǰĽУߵʵһʽôûƵģ䲻ʲôضʤھɡ
ϱԼʽȻı鶼ү˽ģרŸʽ߿϶ûеڶרƨõӺͲҡصʱʢзķ񣬾򵥴󷽵·Ͽɲ޶˵٣ּķͻеʡ
ȻʣЩҪڵģЩʱ˵Ҳ󣬶ȥǴҲáͶūӽӣͽ׵ĳڴӦʱ˵ӡ̴ԶֻҪЩһۣܰȥ
ãǼҺˡϲ͵Σ֧ҡ˵ǲҡȴ˻֦ģ֦ҶһȦϸߣÿһϸֱԲлӡ
ϲͺáؽû̫ͣãųɳԹ緹ͳˡˣ˵˾ꡣͷһڱⱴո꣬ҪæʵǶࡣ
߶ϱͰס̸һ˺ڸùһ˷ԼҪֵˣһûϣ̸ʲôֿȵĵطҲû䵽ſˡ
ͽɵγÿģ඼ǹλ͵ġĶǷž˾ǲʱˣ֮󻹵ͳȥɫը»ʽôһӡ
οɾͰ˴æˣʱʲôϡۣ±ЩҲŸˡ
Ҫ˵ʱôأ߸յΣϿͷ̸ѹ˵ӡϢ̸Ȼæ׼֪Ƥû̧ǸαΡֱҪϨ˯µʱүͻȻӲǱ߹źѾͨûü
үһ˯ûôأһԸͷ˯ЬѾɢͷ˯ۣȥλͻȻˡôˡǲǱ߳ʲôˡ
仰û˼ʳڣԼǱǹˣԼ˵һλʵ˵׸ʲôĲͬĪԼطvжӰѡ
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˵ǲҪ˹ܣҵүȥĶǶԵģסˣֻ˵û¡ŬԿԼߣźϴ·
õʲô㣿ǰûóʲôĵطƫҡҷ֫˯ȹ¹ŵȺͽףôôźá
ƽ㡣źʮˣľЩԣﲻʵ˵
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ǿ⳶һѣһӣȻ˸ں߷´ᣡ
⼸Խϲɣ͸ͲˣıͲܳ裬Ҳ̲ʲô˭뵽үôһ˵̸ūţȫˡ
ūô飬̸ҵȤ˳˿˵֫ȣʵʵֱЩ֣ųҪزЪ¡
ȥģû˯ţ§ųʡһſͷˣʵӱúܡ
ԭΪϵĴЩȤû뵽ϵǸ֪ģﻰⶼ˵и²ҡκÿһʱ£Ÿɴ˳
ˣֵиŴ㿪棬ⲻЩɻûйʱƽ¾⵵¶Ҳ¾˯£Լڿ߱˵˵˵Ǿת°ѿѡ
һҲǡųɢŵͷ߼ҵ࿴ţȹꡭ˵Ҳѵõԥһ£ȹҪߵøȥ
ʵ﹬ⶼдԣҲ׼ô˵һ¾ͺۿүģһտͺӵġ
˺ˣڣ㲻õġˣ˵˵ȥҲôɰͰ͵һ䣬Ͱ˯ˡֻ³һ˼ӡ
ڶźſź취Ϣȥ߱ոطvųĶҪԼǧĶټū˽Ը͵Լĸ޵ϢʵЩͷԡ                        

ʮ

ϱӵʱͷľǸŰȥݡԼ˴峯ˣôټһո֪Լ굽׶Ҹ
ҿ֪ڹʱжˣֲúЩϴҲԸּңеġ쿪ʼһֱ¶ʮ籴ոϣпЪһЪ
طv⻰ĵͷ϶Ը⶯ڹǼ棬лʰͶﶥǰߡԼˣ֪һ֮жѵ
ߵ߱գүĽţƽȷҲǸүǸеӣʱžţ׻ᣬвܵĵط⣬Ҳиﳤʷܼţĸ֣ǿŪ
ĸǶû¶ɡҪ˵ȢȢúܰϲæأǺõڹܱܲոʲô¶һΡŮ࣬˸ͷ˵ոŮʵְֵŮ
û󣬼ﻹмɩɩءû˵ʱûѧܼңʱЩģߣԼǺģϹѧж꣬ӦñЩҳ֪ѧô򵥡
ʱһ˼ڸǶǶϱˣҪȻҲæҵġǰطvڹվ˽ŸҲľųǻһѣſ֪ôϳˣһ̸ﶼˡ
ʱศɵģԭȳڹ棬ΪжӲŵġڳڿǰ˳谮߱վҲˮǴߡ
ֵıոΪˡЩֵƽף˭Ҷ¡ſйϵ˵ϻģܰӵݽŷ͵ݽݲһҲͦá
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⻰˵ͱܵ鲻ˡԼֻҪûʧ䣬ԼĹͲ䡣ϲܸĸʲôǻ׹ҲãƽͷҲãǰūҲãĸǸĸǾǼˡ
ȥҷ߽Žˡο˵ҪˣҲͱԼ꣬ԼϱӶʮʱӿΣϳʲôʳʲôҪˣҪ㲻֡
ӱոŽֱԺſڲͣôˣһݣһΧ䣬֪϶š
ֻһѾߣÿţūǲûطvţר鿴ңˡ
ſʲô취СĶ﷢š仰һ¾ʹǰȥżС̫¾ͰŸײˡ
ǿŽͺðˡˣڴߵѾ߱ڴߵ߬Ųöű򿪣˾żæŵĶ㿪
ʲôūõúܣ͸ġ¾档үˣֻиԼҪ񲻾ǸŪԼĺʱ
ͷ̫ҽˣϽơһݾ;ζԣѬ˻صſڡٶһԭˮˡǵС˼Լ׼Ŵĸҵģ𣿡
ϵúãЩӾȻȥţ˵˵ʱҪ˽ɽϵ׼ӣõӴĴʹȥѰѰҲû˻
һǲԸҲûãͱõźѾ߾ȻĽϴɺãˮҲˡ̫ҽϹ󣬾˵ϣһҪѺȻҪѲ
̫ҽ취Ҫʩ뻹ǿҩСѸ̫ҽʲôҪõĶϾù
ӲǼ׵¶ʱʱIۣһʼĽţľȻҲϰˡϵĶʱѾ·ˡ
һ̥òã̫ҽڣҲһֱϺӶû̫ҽû֮ǰһˣ˵ˮˣҪɾ鷳ˡ
֪̫ҽ˼˵׵Ǿ䱣ǱСֻ̫ҽҽΣʱ򶨵л϶֮󣬲֪ǰߴĺûǰҡ
ںԺߣζؾȥ᷿ţպųֳҹֱӽʱˣڲŴӤĿ
ϲϲү˸ǧ񡣡űźӾܣﲻס˵ż黰ոȸӿɲʲô£ǸŮǾۡ
鿴˿̲סЦˣŻû˵Ͽһˣ⺢ӿ湻ֺģֲôáã֣Ǯȥɡ
طv׼õģһ׼׵ĻϽһ²Ӳ̫ʹе㲻ҰѺӽһ˴ˡ
߱ո˸СϢƲǵĹע黹Ϣȥˡͬʱڳ·ϵĸҲӵ˾Ǵһ顣
нһһÿյʱ͵ҵطӪկյ̫ŵʱո׼Է̫ʲô£˲ñĸϽ¿Ӳš
һŲȴһ͵˵áȫһźǴЦոŵѾ˵ô£ѵõĴϲ¡
үūŸϲˡȫ׼ʱͷﲻס˵ż黰ÿ·ƣһɨա
ͣ͸ţؾһҪúõͣпĸˡһ¿˳ɵĺã䲻Щտʶۣһʱ˵̹ɡ
˵ʮߵСУڿﲻ档öҪӵУǾԼıˡ¹Ƿ仹ǻ׹Уϱߣ˭Ҫ˭Ǳ̬ġ
⻰˵ȫ̸֪Ҫźüһߣطv͸ļ飬Ǳ飬Ǿʷ׳ʡ
ôǣʲô¸Ͻ˵һһ׵ҪϷЪ磬üֵŪһԣ˵ֱϴǸӣطvĥĥ
˵ô˵أ˵ԼҪˣָԼ˸ܵܣ⻰˵طvûšʵ̲סţֵܼ֪ô¡
ˣһΪʲô¶ءⲻǺ𣿡ططv򣬱ô󣬵ǰ绹ǸǶǵ׵Ĺϵͷ˵ֵǽ²٣ֵǺõġ
磬˵Ҫˣ⡭طvǲˣСǱĳģͻȻ˸ܵܣãǾŲþ㲻ң㲻ࡣ
⻰һһֵȫˡطȺЦһԼС̫ǶϾš˵ƽƫϾţԼԼϵ¶ȴִٲ͡嶼֪ﵽԼãԼá
ү⻰ѿһţΪǳľٱ˱ơʱ١Żص͹ʮҲŲꡣôˣĲ׽¹﹬û˲֪
ͷ⣬ֻǰ˲ٶӣȲǻҵϰ˳ãڹǸƯˣûֵܾûֵܰɣαٶһܿء
ϴǺЩǿͷһסĶӡ˼Һи̫Ӷţζ˭λ˭֪
طvֵǵɫ֪Լ˵ˣһﾴƣǿ¶ĨȥһүүزźԼֵǣ˭I趼ס     

ڶʮ

ǵĲ׻ûҹͶѾ֪ˡƽĻ˵ЩҪطvСŤǿû֪ôࡣ
Ѹүյ̬ѧˣһӦ߳ȥĶܳһƬүǣȻɵʱ򡣵֮ѾµĻʵֲۣԼꡣ
ԼĻʰʵ̫趭ˣ赽ֻжǸССӤԼİ궼ûʲôӡ󣬰껹ʱԼ˵仰ûʹԼĹΣԼ컨ʱûһԼòá
ЩСʱ꣬ɢڷУǲ嵫ĵ޾ĿڸԼûеġڿԼȵۣЩĵıԹԼǶƫģܺùԼһȥȵȵ۵ʱһ仰Ҳûеǿ
ȫźһԿԼӴɫεЦЦ֪ΪʲôҲ㿪ڶʡߵ¶ūŵı붼ӵ뷨ȫֽĥô궼ÿõ÷ġ
صĹƷʱ쵽˰ɣԸȥ͵㵽ȥ߹ţҲܿ˼ˡ˵ǰһ䣬Ҳһ˺һ䣬˵ȥͷϴȥˡ
⻰˵ȫһͷˮǲ¶Ըȥڶ˾ƵıүϢͷԣԼĥ֪ȶˣôʰǶ˵ͶôĥҲû˸ȥʡ
һżĳȥһүǱ£ͳȻһ㶼֪ġ˺ӣԼĶҲԽԽˣȷҲûʱֻøվȥʺ
ЩʱʹһһͷͺԺСԺȥӵʱͷһѾĳȥˣڶⱨϲҲ֪طvյûС
һɵӻ֪Լ˰ꡣΪ¶ԺλһﻰⶼԼûģŲñү֪
λôʶôˣǱء˺û죬Ժ˶۶ӶˡϴʱﱧźͭšճĺˮŵʱϾƫҪ˵Ҫ
֮ҹ˯ܵǳ˵Ҫֵôֹȥ˺˯ÿˮһϹڡʣ²ϡ˵С£Ǿ͸ˡ
ôǼѾͷĲģ⼸쳨˳ԣԲҿɷ㡣꿵ôүǶڣֵˮҪöࡣ
ûʲôܺñķʱ˾ֻɹɹɣɹЩǣܳԵľ͸Ͻ˰ɡ
ˣҶʲô鿴ԸѾͺЦģҲûȥƹҲûֵͷϲǡ˵ˣ㱴үĸҿɲʰ̯ӣ¶һ׮׮һļˣʱ˼ȥʰ𡣡
ɡѲףĸ̫̫޲ðѺԺιţʲô紵ݶ֪ǺԺвģﻹֵүǰȥĸͱʰˡ
㶮ʲôĸ񣬺ĺӣոֲһ˵ģ˵ƾʲôɡ̧̧ϱģֲոĹܼš
ڰֲٶ˵Լʮ£ֻһΪ˵ϲͷǰ͡طvϲϲϣûа˷ϣԼ˴ˣ֮ôܲһ϶
һжѲ⣬ԼΪϵССְʰˣԺΪ˭˳۰˸ŪԼȨС鲻Ұе޷ų
ȻӶ˵ˣѵȻֻʵʵѶ͵ԺȥüϱʱʹӶһ򵽣͵Ӹǰˣǳɤ˵Ҫ˵ʹҪ
⻰ùǺԭܣȴֲϣԥƬ̸ɴˮֻˡˣ
ţˡĻ˶ԺԺˣžò̫áֵͷʵʵūˣū췣
Ǿͷ²úɰ⼸ѾһֱͦãÿǮµ׻ܴԼøСɰߵ͵ЧǡòСɰǿӵĶ䣬һӷµģۿˡ
ˣģһ͵ȥȻ˵˵ʱ߶߶ϹԺӡѵĻ뵽ϵﲻԾˡ
ǰڰʱȻҲʱЩСֶԴף˼һǸˣǸúܺÿ˶ںԺִַ޴Ůˡ
֮ǰֻǲʧ˲˸ˣͻȻһ²в֢ɡҰʱ˵˵źӵʱЩˣֻǸ˶ѡ
ǾͲܲˡŸȥ̫ҽ˵ˣÿ춼Ҫ̫ҽΡ̫ҽ˵ĲҲơţ̫ҽڣǵﰲοҲǺõġ
ϣܾ⡣̫ҽ֮˼ʱ򻹺úõġȵԺѾ߶ҩźȣϱַˡ
ز֮ǰڴϺݺһϲ֪ôƷ˵ݵֱߵҩ룬ͻȻ´ܡڴճ̣źãͱͻȻϰѺӸȥˡ
ӵϢϵԺʱźڴϸ䲻ôң˵ĻȴǰԲһ˵ôϲһŴ˵ôǸСء
⻰˵ģ˶ҺСʲôסҪȻĵöܡϣѺӷ£ǲҪҪ磬ǾͲҪڱˡ
⻰һ㶼ȥģ׼ڵĲⶼΪǸŻˣ߶ȫԼǸĴ󰢸磬ͻΡ
һӵЩ˲ѵ治ֻ취ѴŪǴģϲ֪뵽ʲôͻȻסֱֱĶˣűҪܡ
ΧһˣվǰߣһѾӻһԶ㣬ֻסҲˡʣµֲǿŴ񡣾Ҫŵʱ򣬴ԺϣͻȻһȾѡ
ܵ˸žһˤҲ׳ȥˡϵǰһѾͰѺӸס                        
оҲԽԽ~ǺܿͿԳųԻ̲~
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ڶʮ

Ժһ龪Ǻںǿ϶ˣ˸Ͻȥ̫ҽֽ˼ϸĵסϣŴ˻ضԺ
ӱ֮󣬱һֱﱧš˭ǰѸ͸ˣڴǸֵɽ˭ҰšŴֵָֻƽʵ˵ģһ㶼ƲոӢˬ˵ӡ
֣ȰѺӱȥл˵֮ǰƵϾԲֻ鼱֮µӦӦԼұүλʮа˾Ǹӡ
˶£ǲ̫Ͻţ˵滰ū涼ȥˣԼʼƽϵӡҲֻͣǸʵϱߣͻȻͭߣԼܲŰ
㣬ǸҪԼ˵˵ɣ⵽ô°ôõôһֱû˵ءⰡǵĺðŰʵ˵Լ֧֧ùǺ
ţϱšԼӽһŵ¶ͻȻֻ֪²Ҫˡǰһٶ˹ͲڼЩǲϲģ㲻Ӧٱ¶
˿Ÿźžϲûһ˼ֲ񡣡ظĻūżϻ¡ūŵİ񸮵ԾŲڼҾūŸϰ䣬ҲиС
ϼ˶һܵܣܱܵ귨ϰģԼǳŮһֱƫԼɲȻôСŰϰǵڼʱ򣬰ʱԼӣֻϧ˸ѧôൽ׻ûá
һһ۵Ļ֪ԼԼŵòˡûû£Ǻ¶ڹﲻ˵ǶԵģôء߲ҲûЩڳˣûˣҪǲԸ⹦ҲУǲԷҪԸҲУ˲˵үǵ¶ôҲǿǲǡ
⻰˵ģԼЩһֱһ̡һ챻˷֮󣬾Լػġڸ˵Լôܲм
ˣ¾͵Ϊֹæ϶ţǸ˲ִ࣬Ŷӣö˲̾ҺССĺӲ£ҪѰ졣
ϸովͲµпܻĴ˵һᶼڱո̫ˣû֪ԼԺʲôӣҲûʹԼҪ
ˣҲԹԼֻǸŮûź߱գⱲӻʲôӣҲ˶
Ҫôʮ֮ؼңҸܽ͵˼ҡҪôͲһֱӹŮ֣˴ЩǮҸƧԺϵЩԼڱոӣĸˡ
ģūһúôһСæıģֻûٹ¸һģ飬ȴЩ᲻ΨΨŵŵӣֻð䣬ȥˡ
Ѵ𣿡֮󣬴ѵ顣ԴӴֽ˱ոһֱǶ˵ʲôҲǶ㼸Ѿһ䡣
صڴֿóȥڶԺšԺߵСԺʰˣǴ´ࡣ˵ڻ֪ĺӵкŮҲûʲôķ
Ǹ󰢸磬׬¶ǵճĶŮһҲ飬ԺҲǶһױ¶
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ˣԺǱ̫ҽô˵ⲡûеûҪ˵һ۾Ͷ¶أûͣʱ
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ѵ÷û˵ʲôػ֪Լ˵ˡٲҶ˵ʲôͷͳȥˡ
Щ£鿿޿κε̾ʱԼЩطvˡҪڣ鲢ںãҲԼЩ
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˰ôūأ𣿡Ҫо·ǵЪ˲ʱ俴үүڣүʵǿɵų˵һ䡣
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Ǵطv͸ˣ±ЩֵǣС󿴹ϴ̫ôģطvô¶ԼҲ
˵ȷǺ£һ·ɣϢүүҲŸˡүȡϵ壬ûʲôöǸֶŮүһ㣬ûʲô͵ģɴͰ侫Сذ׸ݹȥˡ
磬ۼǸŮŪء˵ô˵طvյĻˡʱԺطvԼҷĴǧ򲻸ðذס                        

ڶʮ

ǶߣͷŮǾ͸ûʲô, ʱ䳤, ӲûЩүڼƽǣϾȻҷ˹̻øˡ
ֵ֬̿ŵ, ǰ̫ңŶ꿪Լûȥڸ﹬ﶼûʲô¶, ҲֵԼŷŷŷˡ÷ǲˣڵٵñ, վصĴӸǰͣǰǰĿ, ܾϸĴڴеˡ
ܰ, ϶⾵̫ˣ˶յôˡ÷, ¹ʲôôʣҳԲȥ, ˼̸뻳еʱܶЩ, ҲܸųúЩ, ʲô
ֻԼλ, ЩһŲԷպ, Ӻöף˰ĻвԵġ˵ʵڵģȷЩ
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û֮ǰŷҪչ棬ʲôʵȤģֻҪܳԵµģһˡǺü²٣ȫ͵ˡ
տ⽲ľǸϰ弪ŵĿҲܵǸǮӣظļǮʵͣĲ˵ǰһȺ˵ȼü֮ˡ̶ͷĵͱʾʲôöһ͵Ƕȥ
ӣǺãϴǰʱЩûšӸ͵ʱūŶǰʵǰյ̫ˣЩ¡ڷһ˲Žϰߡ
ˣϽ߰ɣһ٩ʱǶˡ鼱ҴҵֱǣǰʱʨҪűڿšǰٻгҲڣԶˣʾͣʨ׼űڡϾ˵Ҫһ˸ء
һƿŶ֣Цøˣ˵ʲôζûôֵǮص̻˼̫ˡ
ңۣ±߿һҲ㡣һ쿪⣬ֵģĻŮ⣬͸ߴߴָûˡڳǰ˶¥ҪȻͦŸӻرۡ
ţӲר׼İɡƽͷ֬רŸǮ̫̫׼鱦¥⼸ӾǸ׼ģЪЪųԳԲ裬иһԣΪܰණ
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⼸Լֵµƹ÷ˮľųҲǸүǣҺüò˵ҪѼֻһͨ飬׸С
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ң¾ûȫˡױʮ꣬˹˵úܡ鿴ŵɵεҡҡͷɴ˵תſڴ¿
Ҫ˵ɲأһ¥൫黹һ۾ƼԼɩϡƣǲĸ
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ˣϹƶׯģͷһ˿λϽĸʵףôУǾͻݣҲġ
Ҫ˵̫ͻǱƳģ̫Ը˭ܲסֲ̫ó裬ɲֻ̫Ӻ֡үɲˣʵʵģ󰢸Ҳɩġĸ۶գĸ޲ร̧檣汾¡
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СͰ͵Ķֱ֣˵ĸͦ񣬵ҵúѧүŻǸӴ򽻵ôǮǮҪġ
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˵ɩֻܸ߸е³̵һȥˣ˵šֻҪϴӦ˾У˶û
˵£ϿʼͷΣҪ˵ûԼ٣Ǵʵ̫ˣһʮꡣ
鿴۹⣬ɴվһԣûԵü֧±ͻȻСˣߵһﾹȻƯꡣ                        

ڶʮ

磡ô£Ϣ˭, , طv˳ȥˣأ쾫Ӫ·, ǴӶʯڱϣһ·о³׺ǵѮ
һ·Բض˵, Ҳôһ·ǸŻʵ۳ɽˮġɴʮǰʼ, ±߾һֱ, ˵Ҫˡ
ݸܵ뷨, 缸гر˵һ·ݵҪ, ǲǰһ˸ˡԭԥʽǿ, ʱ±ߵľĲܶ
û, ͷۿҪ, ƫ·Ҳûǰһҹĵ, ڶһ磬طv˳ȥˡ
, ʲôãٰүһ۾˵طɳȥĳɳȥģϢ׼׼, Ǹ缸һҲɡ
үŻǰ˶ţ±ЩС͵СҲɳ֮󣬺ݵҩͶھǼ̫ӹܡ˵үԸϣһǰԼûʱյţүò²˴Ҫϴ⡣
үżֵҲֱͷֻˣҲǻʰĶӣǵֻٻĲݰһػʰѳ򽻵ԼǿԼϸôĲӣү춼ûˡ
ϢĳһҧûѾȫɢȥˣʲôչʰǱ߶ءطֱӣǿŵֵܣһ߲𣡡طȺߵĵܵǴ꣬ططv⼸鷿ģ˵Щ궼и˰ɣοֵܡ
˵ϣʲʲôˣֵСİүվڼм䣬磬춼ˣȥҲܡٵһϣûϢܵȥʰ꣬ٶЩȥҡ
̨׵ݳطGطҲ˳̨¡үԽȫԲطTͷû˵ʲôطүô˭֪ܲطTҪʱãʵүϲ
ֵܳ񱻷һ֮ǰǵĶƽϢЩĮԵҹĲһߵȱĵطظĸ磬ؽãֲû˼ҪزԭطС̫󽲲ԭĹ£ظŻʰˣ˽Ǹһӵˣ˼ʲô
ͬһƬ죬طvûôõ£̧ͷǡǰطvһֱﰵģҪǻ߳ƬĮȥҪŵԴš
ƫƫԼѾųĮ·֮߱ɳȥ̽·˻رԭӦóڸߵ飬Լֻвʮ·ˡ
طv֪Ӿǳٵûе֪ԼܷŹ֧Ķ顣ԼĵطһƬֱϣǿ϶Ҫ߹ģֻҪٳһϣ¾ͳˡ
ӣҪȥⶼˣٲȥҪ˰ԼӲˣϱо顣ݵ¶֪˲࣬Ͼܶҡ˾ģҪȻүҲܷǰԼҲɳ
˭ҿͷһľ㡣ʲôݵȻͻȥˡҹɫµĺְߵ˺ڵʵʵԱߵƲԼĶطvŰ쵽ԼЩš
߳˴ʱµ̥һŻòôÿĻﻭǶԺѾ˵ĻͷҪòݵèһֽطvţûµʱų⻭ȱ˵㶫Ҫٰĥ˾Ͼ͸ˡ
һھ˯ãշת࣬Ҳںֱϲ˲˼صһս֮ۡĶ̫ɻճ𣬱ҹ۾Ҳ
үūȥɣūһ˴ڶһ磬үү˵㶫ĴȥͦԶͱȫˡ
λүλΪʲôūһֻ˱ȶλһѾˡȫ˰ڰ֣үأ˭ȥ˭ù
˭ô磬ⲻǵ𡣡طżطv¶Ѿˣһ¾Ϳˡ
үļߵˣҲһҹû˯ү͵ߡһ˵ǷɫŻҲǣһ·طv˵εãÿοյžЦøɵһ֪˸϶ܺáŮŶھǣŮѰˣ˵ôܲż
ȥ츱ͳǾƲʱɳȥġϻһͶߣҪǴսڼǵ÷
үūȥɣūż϶ţӡ漱ˣ߱ջûأٳǰԼʲô뵽ˣû뵽ôһԼŶŮţиһȥôŮ
ô꣬һҪʱ췣̧ĿƵĿŷ
үˡַͷֻҪūŰ˸һԸ췣
Ƕϳˣ˵ϿҲֻȥҷŮ˹ѸԼѲɾͲĶˣȥɣǵð˸ȫȫβĴ
ӴгͱطGطһһһԲ۵ĵطʱɫ֪϶ڻʰǶּˡһҸһȥط˵ҪȥõǣתͱһѸסˡ
үūһȥˣүűǡôܻطȥһĮϵ¶طvûٴȥһүүǻԼɡ
ͬ⣬طҲò˼µѰ˵Ĺͷ֪ôʱԶһһ㳯˲ϳүߵ̫࣬ʢ
ӣүˣʢһֱڴӪ߸·ڣһΪܼʱ鿴˺Щݵû뿴û߱յӰӡǴݻģ
һ仰û˵үӪˣܵøǻͦŸӵˡʢ˵ıӰûȣ׹ں׷ȥ
һҹطvòɣǿԼʳǾͷͦ㡣ֻߵӪſڣͼżԼ壬ҪͷԼǴͷ̫ۣһϳطvŵðεɡ
СȥˣôŻ˲ûүүڣ־һطv󱳣۵Ļһ졣߽طvſ۵׵ڣԾԼǴˡ
أأֵ³ʲôõģ··ԣʱʱ䲻ԣҪүط˲ɡôطv˵ʲôҲǿƣⱧԹúܡ
˵˱ˣϽĽȥϴ裬üȥĶˣ϶ˡط˵ô࣬һǵô˸ĺü죬СӾǷʰ
˴ӪطvԼִϴֱ֮ȫǶȥվڴǰȻЩүģɴڱһѾͰ˸ƽȥˡ
֪طvϢȻ˵һʱ䱨ţﻹűۣһ㶼֮ǰֱӡ
ػʰĻӻˡطv͵͵˼ԼһʰҲƷǸ˻ǲˡһ̶ͷۣ͸طvǲôˡ
Ŷӻ֪ԼĶ˵ģͷ𣬡Σǵڶˣͷһұ¶Ϊ˽ѵزŷȥû뵽һΣ²ҪޡԽ˵Խطvǰ̧ȾһţߵطvһҪȫֿס˷Ҫſȥɡ
ոոطvѾ⼸¶˵˸һͲʲôүҪԼҲȥūȻأΪʲôأ
ǶӵĲ£Ӱ˴ȥ͵ð˺ʳȫطvͷ˵⻰ƭƭ˿ԣ念ԲС
ʵҪʵԼǸʲôӿ֪ܲ־ϻʵСʱΪϵëÿΪ¾ĥŽʦ˭Ȱ
±ߵطvʵ־룬ֱţӼתˡʰ꣬ʵǶӲñЦֵǲУҲСطv͵̧ͷſӵ֪ӱ˭ʲô
طvŨҵԸԱ֯һ𣬼Ҫ˿ĵ׵ĸ񵱰ô᲻ֻ֪Ӷ£ֳͻȻҲܲˣֻūŸϽҡҡλζס˷ȥ
ӴطvҲŲסԺŻصԼ񣬱˯ȥ۵ʱ߶ˡӣҪҪȵࡣ⼸߳Ե㣬кöҲطvԡ
ŰɡطvڴҡҡͷҳǰǲǻûüдţطvЩǲԼûдЩڶҪȥֽ˵д
طvѵɫĶȴ©Լеǹ⡣طv϶˵࣬ȵյʱ򣬻ܺ棬ô缸żһһ⡣
˵ĶǲԭСӣĮԵİ׻кֿɼǡ߶һ̲סЦˣֻԩҾڲԼȥôԶĵطŶֶǾòֻͷ£㡣                        

ڶʮ

ǰ߾ʹϢ˵Ǵȫʤ, ˵үӾҪ, ͱôˡ֦Ѿͷ飬ʵԼҸ, ֵЦֵᡣ
ãֻûȵʱ, ˰ѶڵСԺȥطvԼϯЪΡɢߵĻ⼸дż㡣Լû̸, ϱӼⱲһҲûչô鰡
ǰǲʲôֽ鳤, ֻ˵, ֺһֻһ˵Ļǽ顣һԼطvǧ, ֻܿһһ仰άϵ˼ȴ鳢ǰδйζ
㶮ʲô, ɹһɹЩż㡣ڰʱүɹ, ôô໰ĿϷ߼Ѿͷ, ѹͷ, Ҫѹˡɢżߣīֽ㱻ɹرš
˵, ۿҪˣܸܲϵϿɻһءԼͦϴĶӲɵ̾ŲǿȥǿҪɹŴԭؾһ¶
ñļ, ҿָܸϡ˵ˣС϶ģǲǡĸϣȥүϣ˵ϰ˲ᶼˣɩӹԶˡ˵ùٷúܣȴǸ߸˵ˡ
ϴ˵Ҫϻ⣬ûͰõ͹ȥˡͬһණϱӴ˲ٽҪһԭʼģŵ˵ǾСһ͵ǶعصĸȻһúܡ
ز⺢Ҫ͵ܲŵ˲ֱЩŶ˸ˮһ·ȰɣϽЪЪ
ϿûεӣҲѵѧģЬӹŲֻ˱һɴϯϡҲүĹǶǶ˶ģԵʱ
ɩӣסϴС͹ش󣬻ûǰ¶Ųӣ³ŷɫıɴǰ׵ķô˵ߵϽֻȹģ鿩ֱЦ
ֱ͸ҰѾͷһҰѾͷҰѾͷĺã٩˶ϲٶǵģԴӻЩʽĶ˶۲١ĸԼĻƣĶʣͷϵĶġ
Ǹнȡĵƹ񣬲֪ѰˣԴӿʼϴ֮󣬵֬汻¡
ִʤ̵Ϣ͸ǻٳֻйĻ䣬ڵͦáԵˮ˲ʵƯϴԷ˼ҳͺô֮ǰû뼸ֹء
Ųʲôͦ׬Ǯİﲻû棬Ǵ඼ǷųȥӡԼҲĴȥ٣ɵֵӻûࡣ
ɩľųǵ˼жٰЩ⣬Ҫ档ʲôӶҪõģһӺüһٷʮӡӣעֻдЩ״ǣһǵǮ˼ңһ˭˿ڶЩЩӵŶҽ
׬Ǯ˭룬ǻ׹Ҳû˭Ӷġĵ𾢣ϻǵýҪʲôҲң鶼ǩˣôô졣һ£ǲʲôչˡ
˵ϱߣϵЦڰԺūŶվԶˣ̾˵鵽ˣ̫ӵˡ
¥¥һӾͰŮˡ˵Ͳ󣬵и󵨵ǰѯǲǸС֬һ̵ְո͹
곤رãһһҲ鿴žܾĶЩԡûã˼֬֬ˡ֮ЩʲôһʾȻĶɫ֮ܵ֬ǰר˵ˣ»ҪʲôζؾĶš
鵱ʱԽ֣͸СӵģӦ᲻õǼģԼһʱȤζˣר˶ƵƫԵɫζô׼Լõġ
ھܴþƯԣԼ֬ˣԼи²⵫ǾҺ˵漴óڵǻ»أһҪ˸סһϸ
̫ӣϱ⻰ŵò㵹ȥô̫ӵˡ֮ǰݵסߵİգסЩŮˡϸһҲ֪¿̫Ӵжֽš
ǰȥһˣ˵ϴĶرã˲ߡؾӣ˻ʽ·
ԸںԶԶ׹ţȥ˳ϵӣ֮󡭡˵ֱѾòҰ׵Ҳû֮ͣ󣬾ͽյĸۡ
գ̫ķˣʮʮġ⼸ܹܴ󳼣ǾˮĴֻΪ˵Ŀڱô׽̫ӵүһֱ
ǣ̫ӵĻţֻ϶ô˾ĸԼ˵벻ʲô˵롣
ǡѾ֪طvڴĮ¶ˣǳɸԼġûطvû˵ɺԼҲװ֪̫йأ鲻ܷŹڼȻôɱԼײˣͲܲڡ
ɩӣ㻹ΪʲôǶ˾ֹܹ֣˵ﲻԡΪǼ̫ˣ̫Ϥˡ鿴ϵ۾̫డ
Ҳ̫̫࣬ӹ̫ࡣ̫ӹҪõֵˮۣҪŵۺ˿ĵ̫̫࣬ӣI硣
⻰˵˿Ͼ;ˡ̫ӿһ̫ӣǴ峯صĴصĶӡھȻ˿ǰݲ˵ڻϺôֵܶսʱҶع칬顣޳ܣ
鿴ͨӷЩЦʵ̫ӵȡʲôҲЩҿǶ˻Ҫ֬Ĩֺ̫ӣ˼λ̫үҲǱŶӾȥģʮа˾žǸزɡ
ⲻǸѱ̫ӿ˿ݵ֤ûֻЩ֤ԼҲҵҲǺõġɩӣ֪֪ȵطvĸ˵ĸ֪˭Ҳ˵
ⶫɴСôãʲôطҪүǵġϵϸϸԼֵ֪µҲֻгף֮һ첻µزµĳƹŲˣ˵ڸǶ˺ü´                        
һvлܿл˵ѡ
  ȻҷҵķֳˣʱҪªŶ~~~
  Ϲأº~Ŷ~~~

ڶʮ

鷢ʱҹ˯ûã⼸첻֪ΪͻȻ, ˯ǰ֦Լǵıֱһ̶ǲס, ˯Ժߵһԡ
εεΥԩҾȻ۸ˣúһϷǲԼ, ˵ԼҲãԼú, ʵ̲סﶯ֣֪ôһ̤žѹ
֮ڴλز, и˼ǱƽҪЩ, ȻҵǳεԢⲻ᲻ðɡֱͻȻŴôʪʪ, һžIˮˡ
֮ǰ, ϾѾӶͳᵽոŮڣôһոֻһ, ʱҪ, ôܷġ˺ҹ֦, ûһ˾Ͷˡ
, 𼱡ҾŻУһȥڡˮƳʵûʲôĸо鱻ֺ֦ߵûͦȵ, ܿճָ˸ô졣ϹϿŮ˰ӣֻûõ
᷿ר׼ĲԴӼǰǶѬǺ֮ͼСӡζ̫ţȾһԺסȥ
, żҾòôءϱӺⱲӼҲͷһ⣬Ҫȥ˯һ˯Ҫڽ
һžͻֻ࣬Լȿţֺɵ׼ѾͷҲػص׼ˮҪٲ˵ʲô鶼֪Ҫˡ
ĶȥҪ˯һ˯е۵ʱ򡣡һĸӣʱ򻨵ĹֱһٷþãȴŵֶЩ
ϸԼͷ̫ᣬػǰε˺ҲдߵãһԸյõ̫ҽгӣر񶨺롣鱾˵ʲôȴЩ
Ҫ˯˯ţĪί֪ôԽԽ󣬡ôذⶼˣ˵ʤģô˯ˮ˰
Խ˵Խѹᶼ̲סԼǸƫﻹиԼӵϡԼŶأҪϵ¶ˣ±ðװֵˣô
ĻطvҪ濵𣬾ʹû䡣ǰ˺鶼һڵģյطvЩСŮ̬Ҳֻ۸ˡͻȻѱĻ˵ӱ
ͨԹϺū˶ۣûҵĺӿܾ͵úԩˡһ˵Ǵȫʤ·ϲ·ĸأĹԱŰݼտʼǻУһᷳˣҲ̫г̡
طvǰʵܲ˲׳ŵȥ˿ǰʰ꣬лؾ˵⻰ʱ˵ֵܶˡʥָ˵岻ݴǵ¶õĺôҲǲɺӵġ
һ·ҪعԱ˽ҲץʱԼšطvʥһ˹һԻλûв㹻ĻӣѰӻͶϵĹԱֱҪࡣ
˵˵Ϊʲô쵽üëԼӣ䴫԰¾޼Һó֣ӻ̫ȵһһ˸ͷЩǰѳƽúܺãû뵽תתǶ㲻
ӳǰӦսƽϢһʱϻȥʲô¶ǶӲʧˡطvһֱӣ˵ʵѾˡЩӣӵô֪ϲãԼ⻰˵Ҫùͷ
û뵽طvô̹ЩСǸżԼ֪ݣطvյһĺ񡣿ƣô໰˵Լ֪߱ոè̶ˡ
Ŷȵ۾ּŵǸκϸԼӵԼ˵̫çײűҲԼ뿪ѵӣһעŨҵĸ飬߹ֹ׻˻ȥ
·Сģٸǻ׻ˡԶҲǶԼطvвɿԽϣҲеɣҪһܣһԼӵеĿܡ
ȻͷطvױһǸϣվϢԷȻûͣµʱ򡣡ӣҪЪһЪŽųӦϿŵʱ򡣡
˵죬һҲǱòˡױŽվס£ϴһȥҲЩ߸
ˣظϰɡʱسǵĿžǡطvûͬ⣬Լ˸ΣʲôͲǵˣȴƫﲻ̤ʵݲ̤ʵطvļ䣬ͣ½Ų
ô˵ˣūŵֻʵţһ·۵¥±߲ͣ¡¥سŵĶǻˣͰͷйˡ񲻴ǳľųģһϳطvŵƨľš
·ʱ򲻾ã˳ǲ·ž֪ʲôʱͿʼˡطvŷ븮ﲻԶҲûó¸ŷŵʱ򣬲ûԼ
ءһطv;Ųԣҹĸµƻͨ϶ʲô¶
ӵĻڲءطv죬ľüڵϣūȴҪСŲܸ
⻰طvߵøˣһԺūˣѶϺϡ˶ǵûͶϹˡطvɩӻһ£Ӧ֣֮µ˸Ҿתȥ
ҪľǸɾطvһֻŸ̤ȥͱ̫ҽ˳Ͻȥϴ軻·̫ҽ伲ҽˣ̫ҽͲϵӡ
鹬ڿÿ죬Ÿյ°ҹھѾȫˡ۵ʱһŤͷȻ񿴵طvˣһգֲˡ
ֻ²Լ۳þˣɴְתͷŴߣҧŲźۡҲ֪˶ãҲǰʱҲֻмϢѣһֱԼֵĶͻȻ֣ʶҪȥץȴһ¾ץסһֻİϤ֡
~ôŻԭŵĻþӵˣ˿̼Ǳòӵطv̲סίίĿ޳
˻ˣ·ߵˣӦûġطvӵ飬˾ĸĺ壬ûҪǮһ⵹̫ҽƤһһʵ̲˲ŰѰµ˸
֪طvĹǣ͵⵱ڡԭǲˣºһӾ˹ϣ̸ž˳
طvûʲôӣҲû˻ϡŴƽʱεε˶ɫ԰ͷ󺹣ȴƴʹӣ֮ǰս϶ʲôĲµˣ˿̾ȻֻͻȻ£Ӳӣ绹Ǹ񶼲ҪˣֻҪúõľС
㶵ӣֱŰѾٵĺƨСĻعϲүϲү˸󰢸簡
ڳ˶Ƽˣ߱տǰ߸۵߸˴󰢸磬ոǸһһĽ˶ˡ
طv˿ĺӣϻͨҲƲòÿŤͷŴ͸Ĺ⣬Ѿͣ˵꣬ų˳ЦˡѺӵݵԼĸϣ˲һߡͣˡ                        

ڶʮ

ѾͷҲ֪Ķôõ, û߻ģ, Ҳû˲Ÿ˵ҵʱﰡġ
һж, ۺһ׮һ׮һ㴭Ϣʱ䶼ûô˵, ҲֻƲƲ죬ʲô, òһܲǻħ, һˡ
ǰЩϴ, ֻ˼׽˼ңҲáԴǰؾ, Ͽʹ;͵˸ҸŵûϹŵ˵, ͵ʲôС·СЬСñණ, 󰢸Ҳ
ķӦֱ, , רŰϺ϶һǰڸϯлԼӹܹҸͷԼҲŷŷ紭
߼߼ǵ¶, Ҫ캮ضģ˵ԼͲšõ죬ֵģˣèֻԼҪ, ⲻҪ
֮ǰСϴ˴ˮ˸衣֮оԼˣֺطvͷ˸̫رõϴ˸ͷˣȡֻҪԺ磬ɻȨ
ɩӣۺʲôҿɶ˵ˣλ˺öƤӰʯģ帣׬˸ɡүǿŵ̫ģʹӱǸɹŸһ
濵ɹŸǶüĺһЩʱ˲ٶҪת̫ģҲиүġطv˵ˣҹ鶼װ˰¨ӣһ붼еۺ졣
һ˵Ͼֱҡͷ֮붼͵ȥطȥĴȰ̫û٣ֻطڹһ죬˵ʲô˭Ҳ֪֪ٵطӴȰ̫˸ණ
ӴȰ屴ȥǶǺöһ˵Ǹȥ˴ȰŹģϵЦЩסˣ챦û¶ơ
һ·൱в۵ģطػսϱ˵ѾõòˣǾ¶ﲻҲܷϡ
ĸ˵ãֲǻίԼˣȥⲻ˵󲻻䵽ͷϡǲ֪⼸ҵĲӣҪǰǧ鲻ôãҲ̲á
̾͵ھ˼λĿܣ̫ӵλȵ´ط̫Ƕעܵϻλ浽һ̣вѹġ
ͬһϣŮ˵ȻҲڱҪЩүǳűƽҪ磬ﴫϢ֮ǰѸ۹͵Ķ͹ˣ˵ֵˡ
һӻԼǸʷܺõˣڿĵĴҲƽ֪ˮƽȥλ峯һ̫ӣ֪ϣҲǵòô
ȵĻʷˣĸдȻЩ֮ǰڰʱ̫ûΣ̫Ҳ򽻵ࡣټεӡǳĿڱʵ̫ӦһǳвŻֺܴˡҪȻҲصǸݰôܳе
һε¶ƴټ鵽ϢɵʵȴǽĿĻơ
̫ӺֱѾãǾƱҪһֱͶͲ񴢾λȹ̣Ͷ̫ӵȻܶ࣬Ͷ㣬Ǳ¹̫ӻӣ취ι˲СҪȻء
Ҹ·ģЩТж١̫һֱڹסţʵڻ۶ʱ棬Щǵֵܷ㡣һ±ߵòſ˸ô죬ֻһֻ۱һֻ̰
ģ̫ͬ߼ó̫࣬үܲһ͵
͵ǰߵݻûľųǾͽԼӣô׳ѣҪɳ˳ԭ˵õĶ죬ȴһϳ˿¡
̫Ƕظѣ·ϸ겻ҲҪͣô׼˲ӡֻҪ޻ת˵ϱȥһһܾͷļǮֹ
죬ֱ̫Ӷסˣĳ޻ŴӾǳһʵȫҲƯֻҪһܲ鵽˭յ̫ءүطvҧҪʿָ˵Ҳɲʲôֹϣ
ԭϺԹ緹ЪһЪȵطvҲˡ˰Ѹ˵Ķ˵˸ĵĶˣ˻ûԼҸҲûѰžſе㲻̫ԾϽǻؼҡ
鱧ŸճԹ̵СҲЩֱʱˣԺ߲ŴһѺһܳȥˣԺſڵطvһƵӼ򶼿˵ӣûġ
ظſʵǰطvĥһ˵֮ǰǸүǿų;λĵôЩͶҪˡԼоõ֮ʼռϷˡ
ô£ǲʲô˳֮ͰūŶȥˡطv˳Ҳһĺͱ֫ͷ
꺢ûãϵⶼûȥſŶЩ˼ˡģҲûƿֻöĸĺ󱳡
ҺĸҪĽϸˡ鲻طvͺóʱû˵ֱֶˣطvôһ䡣
ô˵ģʲôʵʶʣ϶Ǳˣڿ˵Ƕӣ̫Ӹôһ
̫Ӿǿ̵ְִĺӣܴ󲿷еͶ䣬ҪȻѾ˵̫ӣôٸڲû̫ʧ¶ô׷̫ӵĴ̫Ǵôܻ
˼նշٺ»̫ӣ̫ʶ˲ع칬˼˵һ䣬طvͻȻ̧ͷЦˡ
֮ʰ˵Һĸֳȥع칬̫˵ع칬̫֮ӵǿͿͰ˸ȥˣ˲˵ģʵĶһ·ϼ˹ΣԴûźսʱûʲô°ɵȵȹ֮
ǲˣ»ᱻǸֵ֮ڵĳжطv˿ȴֻöġòװҪߵʱֲ̫֪Ǻ⣬гĿС̫࣬˵ԼҲ⣬˴ˣڽгܵǡ
үʲôүʲô˵ƾʲôүⲻǣȥָ³Կ࣬ҲҾǲģھ͸£гһЩܵܵģл·𣿡
ʱû˵Ҳû֤˵طvү֪˵ģۿС̫ܵҾߵͷʵƬ̶̲סֱӷתع칬
طvͻȻйŭŵūŸͷװʲôûҲȰֻ˵Ķ˵ˣ֣ľͲˣɽˮ㼱ʲô     

ڶʮ

˵ʱƽּҳֻ˵ĻûطvһͷոջôضͻȻס˲, ˰βŰǲǲ, ˵ʲô
˵ʲô㲻װ׾ˣû˵ڶ顣Ҫһ, طvԼһ, ׾ӻǸٹ̵ġ˲ѻһ£Զ߲Ǹ޵ġ
ұ˵, պضҪʷŨīزһʵү, ʱҲҪ̫ȡ֮ҪȻҲֱ̫֮, үŽո¶ͷǡ
طvĻͻĻѹȥأѻȴֲ֪Ϊβҿ, 㲻ϲµͷɴԶ, ֻʣ׶
һ, ڸɲϴ, ԺūҪľסڸڵǸСӡ֪ô, ˰Ҳ岻ãֻøϽźӹ, ʱûүû
ӳڣطvܵòࡣæ˸˼Ҳϣ⺢طvʵö١ͻȻ˿Уطv˲ûֱŤ, ۰Ͱ͵ĴȥǸأôԺè̶ද
طvôԴͻȻչ˵Ҳ֪С㣬鶼ûü죬СӾ۵һ´ӺߺתƵ۴ޡˣطvͦ޹Сһ޺񵹰ˣ˼ҿû
øźȥ˸ڣطvȥ˺־ȥӰƲˡ
ӣүǶӸӹ󰢸磬ЩĵʡԺū°ѲôĴȥɾôүһүˡ
ȥר˸ͷģ˵ûãô컹ҪԼԼң͸Ҫĵʲôˡ
ô˵ˣʵʵͷҶԡߴʵһ¶ںӻС󣬵һ˵û˾ڵһ˶űͣ
Ҳ֪ôˣһûҲûӣǳ˭Сӳ֮չˣô飬ϲ˵ﻹ˵ģһֱźֱ̫ɽС˯˲Żȥ
ӲǼ¶طvֲǸɵӣԴƣĻȻҲʱ˵Щ̲Ļ˳ԹطvūǶˮ׼źϴ̲סʣô˯
⻰һ÷ͷһ̲סһЦָϽͷǿšϷūǸҪһΣ˽¶ſ᲻ʣȻɣ˵үŲ졣
ô˯ô˯ɵϱ۾˯鿴۰Ͱ͵ӣû꺢ȻͬͷطvʵʵĵͻǰԺȥûӣŸͷڴһ¡طvٳţﲻñ֮⣬ƸƽҲûʲô𣬾Ͷ˼Ҫ˯⼸Ѿ˺üˡ
˯ԣ²˵ȥҪ֪Ӷû˯ɵóԲ˶ߡǿη乬ﻹôУ˵ɶԼãҪǴȥ϶ҲԼɫ
طv˿͸ˣֻϧ˵ģûɢͱŵĻְ˸Ǻ÷ȥҴүϡ
ʮॵˣŲ졣˵ʵʵһһŲǹ߻סطvίίűߣ˵ĻүˣүǲģϽλүȥˣүķڷ̫ʵүġ
̫׸ֵܲһ´Ӷ¿ʼطvףǾԼǻҲǳ¹ܻʰô̫ӣôƫ̫ӣҲðЩֵܵ˿ֵܶܺɽطvÿЦ
ţ˾СǸүô춼ġ쵽סطv֣̫ҴҪôί˭ҵĹھĹνԼһҪòԼڡ
˵Ļȡ˻ضԺ˯ĸһ˶˯ñǰЩҪúܶࡣһ鿴˳ϳdissɵӣûͷӳȥ
飬ȥһ˸ү٣˵ү˵粻ڼϢ졣˸˹˵ս磬ڰסţڸôǰҲпԭڳȥ
鿴Ż˶֪ôͣɴʲô˵ֲôɵСһⶼ˰õŻʰͣϽСССӵĽУԽԽ֡
طvûôֱ׳ˣ˭һһСӵĽд󰢸磿ɺӶطvҲܲܣȻˣǾС¡
ƫƫһ滹ղ˳طvǿ˸δ֪һҪȥֺССҲҪȥԲĹĵĶӾ͸ӲϷŹֱ۵ö˯˱ȳȥˣˡ
СͦĹطv˲ɷпֱۡطvҲոһֱߣطv˽н˵˵ʲô¡
˵èèūǴϢȻҲǵİ취үĻıպ屴Ҳûȥϳһ·һ·Ÿ˼ģ˵үΪسַˣڸءүϺλС粻ãҲˡ
׷ſҪ˵үһ٣Ҫûè˭ء˲ţȻҲš˳֮󣬿ȫȥ飬Լȥ֮󣬵ַʲô
ԼӶԽ⣬֪ġҲֻ£еӽһ벻ϳǾַֻ֮ʲôŰˡ
ȫֵܰµ˶࣬С²ʲô칦ʲôˡ鵽ĽȴĵⲽãӲͷƤȥȫڵūȫȥڵذѲ鵽ӳʸſصϲ̧ͷ
֪϶û£֮ѵõĶŭȫȥһع칬ʲôͷ룬̫ӹЩ޴ˡ̫ӵšû뵽顣
طiһɫڿ˴šع칬檲٣ʲôĶУҲһֻ۱һֻ̫ۡӵλӲ۶ӣ÷ŹĵطԸŹһǧ򲻸ãûزɻūطGҲԼĶӣԼܷİѽɽ
ȫȥع칬ʱ̫Ѿŵˣ˶ˣ㿴Űɡϳʱܵܶû̫Ӿ֪Լ͵͵СȤ⣬Ǳ֪ˡ
ȫû뵽̫򾲣Ҳʡ¡µūȻֶΣȫѹżūع칬߹£һ˰ʮӱȥˡʮʵʵС̫޻·ȫ˰ѼС̫ȥתԶԶһֱԶԶŵ̫¡                        
ͻȻеæոտ˴ҵĺллСʹǵ֧~
  Ϲأۺ~~~Ӵ~~~

ʮ

ع칬Ϣڶ촫ոʱطvԼҶﶵȦ, ӰñȸʱЩ, ûϸüһûһҪүɳӴ, ǵðСӳȥɡ
Ӱطv˴ҹŶµ֣һ, ŲԼ߿ȥûô˯طvһԭΪΪ̫ӵ·˯ţû뵽λүһ쾹˵ĺС¡
ֵԢֻҪǸɵӶסҲطvе, ûſ֮ǰ, ˶ʱż͸¶ֽǡ
֪Ŀ, ʵ˵Ҳطvӱôຢ, ûסĲ٣ƽĸࡣͳɶúõ, ˭뵽طvһϾʹëءͷûŴ, طvºӻһвȱҲ޿ɺǡ
, ӰǶĴ񶼺úõ, طv˿ڹĳɲҲֱӷ
ٱӰ, źﶼ˵Ӱÿɺˣû麢úܿ죬ҹ﷢ӾˣûڴҲûںӡСе죬ǵһ䳤úá
⻰˵ڳƪ, ˵ϲ̹ļ٣ǳϷ͵óȫܲܽûһȥֻôڼĥʱ䡣˵ЩʲôȥͻȻػѴ̫ӹе¸ˡ
ּɱع칬ź򲻵Сֻ̫߲֪࣬ơһĻ̫ӹȻܻʶСү̫ӹšһӦԾΪʲô˭ҲҲ¡ֻͼ֪ô£ڼֱߵĲ豭ƿڴЩū̫ӡ
طvµûǰﱧӣȵūǶˣһ߷˽űߵĵӡһž̫Ӵ˼ֵܵʰ 
˰ܸͲˣˣ鿴ӶúЦҲֵܼոſ˿öӺģҪȻŲΪô̫ӵ
˵طvѻҲѻ𡣡˵һε¶ǲôŹˡ̫вŻִʵǽطvҹά⼸²٣ʰ궼Ǹ߸߾¡δɱ˼С̫࣬ҲǾ̫ôǺõģĶ̫ߵˡ
һΣڰʱΪ˸ϯ˼죬ǵ𡣡ôʶطvˡɵһɴ򣬡˵ǵûǲǵá
ǣǵðطvһߴ٣˵еˡⶼĸϻϵ¶ˣʱó˲صɡ
Ǽǵûǲǵãͷ˳˵鿴ֱӶˡԼֲĸϻʲô
ǵãôǵáµȷ󣬵ôطvҲǲˡȥһۼſյԺ飬طvûֱ͸˭ͷһԼϲࡣ
㿴ôС¶㶼ţ̫ӵ»ʰ𣿡˵ľǺʱ¶̣ʱ̶֥¶ȴôҲȥ
СֻҪ˾ͶϻһۼǳҲʱţǵ۵ʲôʱΪʲôµĶǲã˾ǷˣЩҲʱ򶼻᲻ɫǱţ˱ǿľ;Ҳزǵ˺ۡ
˵طvͷһէһԼ⸣ͦϸϸһƷ⻰ȴ㶼û˵תͷϲҲ̽Լ꣬ȴĥ͸ʱֻԼҪƣǸʲôŮˡǲǾүǲ
ͦİе㱿˵⻰Ͻ㣬ȴǱһס§㶼㲻
үǵ졣꺢֮ûһֱڴϣĻָûͦãֲţڲס֮ǰ̵ͦƨIɣǰȥֱ֮İá
ޣֲʲô˵¶˵ҲǺþû׽ˡֻϧûӣǵӴҲҺֻýˣIͷһ˫ְֱǲIIĵI磬ŵطvһIסҷҲ᲻˳
ôˣүǲ룿鲻żܵעҪԼɡ
룬ô롣ź˵ĻIطvԼĸЩź˵ūš˵Щ̫̫ǹشĪ˵£뷿ĶϴĹء
벻͵ˣôҵԺӻұ˲ɡ۵ָIIIֱI£ŵҲ֪ʲôʱɿˡ
㣬ٽȥ棬桭һ㲼ôIطvҪĥֱͦԼǶͣƫ˻˼༸ɿһ˶ͷˡ
Һð˵˵ôõģ˵Ҿ͡û˵꣬طvֿס˵ʲô죬ͿĿ֬ǴģطvһһһIġκͱݣһ߻ŵӣһҪȥû˵ݵһԡ
˴鱻ڻﲻò߬˼IIӣطvֲϷŹԼֱ˱ƵôɿطvԼһ̲ˮŮˣĸһʱʱĺԼǴյøø졣
Ҳֲ嵽Լڶڶ˺ҵϣIһҲֲ˭˭µĵͰ͵ģطvϸ˲ɾָĲIðףֱϻŲ۽͸˳ĵ÷֬衣
ôã²Ҫүˡ鱻źزſ֣۵ûţЩطvҲ⣬ôõ˵ûԵôߺţ˵Ǳһζ
ӣŴˣԺߵءطvһأû뵽һǰʲô¶ûˡݺݴԵֺֻЦɡ
ˣϽȥ·ôˡȥԼģΪľѺӴطvơϵ¶طv֪֮󣬶Լڸľû˵ʲô֪طvǾټġ
ûϵôˣҲû˵ҪһƣͲˡ鲻˵Щʲô޹Ŀջֻһطvµ֣ӵʲôҲʲôҲףطvľθǺڷ絲ꡣ
ôʱ˹첻аҪطvһ߻ѻһ̲סԹ˻ôô򷢵ģطvԼǰƵˣյûš
ˣô໰˼ҴŴģôȵ㲻˻ȥǵģȻ˵û˵ԼˣҪȻͲѡʱǵ¡
߻·ȻūʰȵˣϽʱ򣬸ոǳϷû                        
ҵе䡣һľǡɻʵ۵ģСҲǻʵ۵ġ
  ȻڶҲûнָΪߺ̫дָ̫
  Ǹлֿ֧~~~~

ʮһ

˶ԼѸոǵ²ʵˣǶиʽ, ˿ϿˡûЩ¶, źþûүֻԼ, ǲҪٰѴߡ
˵ϣ⼸þԼ֮˵ӡԼѴ񱧵Ժһ, ԼҲû
һճ޲ףʼһϼû˯һǶ, ܷ, ÿضҪȥǶβŷЩ
ʱò׵, ҲѾǰЦǱԹ˵, ŮʱźʲôܸɣտӶۡ
ô˵, ǵЦȴûʧĵ, ˵ɺԵľˮԴ, úϧ, ӡظҪԼŴԺ˳µˡ
һû, Ǽλүˡ⼸ϲ̹ڼ𣬱ͷźӹһˡֱ˵ϹȥԺ¶ɲֻ˹
ǡ컹ͦ, һ·˰ɣȺȿڲ衣طvûع°ػȵģϱĻȫǵ¡ͻȻcueӦֻڵĵͷһͨ˵
Ҫ˵طvþûˡǶˣûʲôãͲԼϲġôü꣬˸սʱطvȥ߾ٲȥˡټˣطvҪ˵ʲôá
ôҲû뵽ô˵ʵ±̲ס¶ϣЩ˼ôôԼˡ֣ȥѴүơ
ԼѻˣȻƹ˵Ļ˺Ȳ裿òæҲû˵ϸ¶Ǳ߶ðɡ
ظĻūǶʲôáָͻʣȱʲôʲô˵һðˡôʣϾԽ۾ҲסطvǶ
Ѿطvȥˣ⼸챧С˾飬طvҲ𡣴ǸܹԵĺӣͻȻ˱Ҳ֣ת۾ֱЦ
طvڹǺͻȻ˸޵ģһʱ侹Ҳˡ񳤵ϣ⼸ֱ֮һطvԼҴŮڻﲻĶҪˡ
ţ˵˾ǵ뿴Ǿһƣү˵ǲǡ鿴ϵô᲻ʲô䶼˵Ժ鸣ܣոĻ˵׻طvһ첻Ͼһﶼû׶
Ů˵Լô˵طvȻǶˡνͬͬ⣬ֻһֱûȥô¶ԼŮԺ󲻺ãʲôǵʲ
ЩƶȲ˿ԼС˶ǡúãЩ˼ʲôò׼ľͶʸ
⻰һʵԺϸϽڵߵлطv䣬ʱۿˡϲϣҲƴŵˣǰֻʵСڵƼϵķǡ
ҲȣܻҲԼϣλҲܾȫ˴ġ
˵طvҲŮϱźӻȥˡıӰѵõ˿°֮İѸ¸˸׶˽ᡣ
ֻʣϣ˵Ǻһһ󣬺õʱܰȹӣ˻ܰҳһõʱӣ˵Щ벻˶治ĻԺﶼϰ˭Ҳ档ˣ˺ںԺҲû취
طvһ׮׮һĸԼͻȻźԺЩ±ԼڹҲûɶ١ѵڸǹңǹǸ̫ػдֺͺɸһ֣һǰ¶ǲ١
Լٳʱ˻¶Ÿпչûʲôӡⲻʱ䣬ԼЩ湦ͻҲɫİո˳ˡ
˳˸ûʽӱŽȥڸûʲô£ԼŶĺӿɲСˡҲ¾ҪˣϱģܲڹԼĺӡ
ҽȥأⶼڼҴ˶ˣ֪߱ϲ̹֪ĻΪһء̫֮طv֪ͨˣˣû˸ջǹɲȲʵƮ
¹үҪȥ𣬳ڻȸϽ黰ﻰһطv˸ջûȥ̸˸һֱҽڶţǲȥ
Уҿ˰ڼʵ̫ģʵеûţĸȥСطvڼµܺӣҲԸţһ쵽ڸò
ȥڻӣȥԺѴڡҪͰѸܳԵʹȫˣڳһŵһһųԡ鿴ͷٲǰ˼ҹĺʱˡ
߰߰ɣٲȥﶼȼˡطvҪ䣬Ͻ§뱧һ·ȿԶݡ
طvСӿ϶Ծﲻ黹û׼һ·ȥһ·̸ֱſڲŰջ߿ˣ
һЦøȻһҲܳɶŸԼôûΪʲôЩҲ޿ɺǡ
һ·˰ɣϽԵ̶ɲȻ˵Ҳ̫û룬һһ͵ģҲ̲סǱơȵʱһ·ӹſۣܲɿһͷĺǵĪСҲòˡ
̶ôûűϱ¡齿һǹģҲ̲סڹﱾͰﲻʲôֻźӸӡʱūǻ߱ո¶һ߲סںò׽ˣҪ취Լˣô붼ԼĲӦá
ճӾͳԱģ⺢Ҳë˵ô˵ɻСյߡһСһ·ʳõС򣬾֪ڹӿ϶úܺá
ִʳС̸ֲ˻̫ͼǶ±ߵĶ˳ȥġĴСһҲͽá
ôȵյɤ۾ˣȵٽ˶ﻹʲôëֻҪ룬˵ЩøƽЩĶ
˵˵һڸôѲѣÿҴȥʣ㶼˵ã׺òýɲҡɻڵڣԽʶĵ˵ŵԽʶʱˡ
Ҳôѣ¶̫࣬ʱϱǺ˵ʵūһѣٶҲֲϱԶ֣һ쵽ҪҪʵģһĹգ۾͹ȥˣʲôûɡ
⻰˵ʵڣǰ㲻ʲôǺúúãʲôãû¡ؽͺң¾ȥ
˳ɸˣһ춼ţԹһЪ˵ʵöһһʵʵĴ𣬵ȥǶϽԼɵӡֱ̫ſɽˣŷԸūŻظȥ˵һ˵Լﲻȥˡ
طvСװ̫ˡӸտʼûȫ˼Щ˼ϣֻһʱַˡ֪طvڸɱŤʲô˿ûȰǾ¿Լͨһ취ûС                        
շССѲ˼ɻ䡣
  Сӽ쿪ʼС͸ĳɣӰ  ˡִԺţԺԺ˵ʲôһŬõġ

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طvūŻ˵Ҫ޹Ҳû˵ʲôͲ, طvƲƲû˵ʲôﻹǲסĸ, үڼҴ̫
ʵطvҲԼԾ֮ǰ·, һֱҪȥͺˡˣͺҲƽƽ, Լô᲻
飬͸ŵү, үȥ, ˵үԷ벻ǾͲ, طvҲǸҪͬˡȻ鲻ǿɾˡ
, ūȥЦģĴյطvǰ, ļҳȥү, ˵ǵؽȥҲȥ, ļҹ, ܸЩү׼˵ĸɾ˵ٳʥϳһգ۶, طvһ˵ҪͳԷȻȻ;Ҫɿɿ졣
طv俴Сһۣȥɽ¥ɣóƹ¥׼⻰һûҭɽ¥ǳ׵ľ¥ò׸ڸ, ųԸôѡȥˡ
˵ҪȥǾȥūŵĺźűǡطvʱԼүүԷֱطvӼ޶ģȵɽ¥ûʲôɫ
˵˵ɣүĺ£ͻȻǸˡɽ¥үү֪ζãòࡣһΪһ¥̫ӣֻ̾ҪԵ𷹶ʵǺѵλӡ
ҵƹǸӣһͰѻųȥ˶±㲻кˡԸζģūŶӱǣλЩʹˡ
ôһгһʵʵŶӵģҲоű˲ô˵ɽ¥ƾһ֣ھǰˡԷ˶ʡ
طv強ԼֻЦЦûȥ⼸ԼأԼˣҪطvҲֻš磬ⲻǿϵûãʱҳʲôӣɩǶû
һ˵طԼҲЦˣ֮ǰߵʱֻŵڶôоÿһ۾һ̯£ƫǻϵ˻һһáû֮óԺúȵźţ˵Ƿûˡ
طô˵үطvҲ̲סͷ͡˶ǲµĺӣ̫ӵ¶ȻҪ˵Ϊ̫ӾͰԼǳ滹ڡΪʲô֮󷴶࣬˭Ҳ˵ס
ˣôͻȻԷˣɽ¥İɲõȣ¥ƽ˭ûүܳͦˣ֮ǰʰ˵ﺢӲҲǼٵġ
˸ӣȴһֱᣬȥ붬ڣû첻Ҫҩʱֲˣүûܺӣ쿴ϿĨӣܳɢɢľ͵ɡ
ĸɽ¥Ǳңõĵġطvһ򲻶ĲҵҲΪײ鵽̫ӵ¶һһʮĸطv˵ˡ
룬Ҿ˵ļҴүôĹأԭǵðǾ͹ֲˡϸϵãʲô϶ٲǷݡүѾռ˲ٱˣ֮ǰĿǾȷүȢϱǾǱ뺷ִһˡ
ɽ¥ƹ񶼸ҲһҲ͵øáǵ㻨ľųǻеطиҲǸͬڵĹŮЩͶˣֻû뵽˾߼ҵġ
ү˵Цˣ֪үλүҪҲûר׼ʲô⼸˶ϵ²ʽλүô˽ϲˣ屴յ٩۾ûգ
Ĳɫÿ궼ζµģʤӦļζ˶ţ׶ʮɹŷζԴӳɹҲþûԵôصζˣطһ߳Ե޲ڣһ߻ʣյصƹĶѰġ
ⲻǿʤ֮ЩڱӪ˵Сĵˣ˵϶ãʤڵصʤȻǸ÷͵ķͣٵ١Ҳûʹֻͣ㲻ʲô컹˵ֵɾֻʣµˡ
¹ﻹеģҪԼĳЩ·Щϵ˱ڷԡ˵úòܻ䣬üүȷݡ
Ķơطv֪ΪξǡǱү˻ȻϽȥ˴
˶ǱӪĺӣطvҲ𣬴Ĵ˸ǧʵվͷЩүǴ
ɹŻӹöͦãطv·ϵպͱ̻Щ档Լ缸һһû뵽ЩֺӾôֹˡ
٣رүʲôòõģһ¾ǵǮԵҲûߺáūżȥūŻųԷūŶһ춼ЪšػǶ˺ãǴӱӪƢû£ô÷ޡ
ھ¥ɻǮ˵ÿĽ취ʡʵڲˣ¥¥Ĺʣʣ˶ǣкЩһٷȥһȶǺö
˵ʵڣû˼伲ĻҲ档ǺӼôֲͣΪǾϲЩĭ˵⻹ûϢĻСЩھûģŷıǰءиͷС
ˡҪľиͷ֮ǰŻʰ㶼ǵ¡ڻˣүóˣүȥӪﶢţеëּ̫ӣ˵ȷǹûǰķ
⻰ڶԵľףһӾͰҪǹɾûˡ˳ˣ˿ʲôźãÿʮӣȥ
طv˳ģŵĺúñֱ֣һߵڹȴ治ڸúá
̸ϱΪû˺ڸڳҲûطvԩҲſ϶˯Ⱦû뵽˾ǲ̫ϰһˣûһһСԼ鷴ʧˡ
ڶһɿϱ۵׵ɫ̲סЦ˭˵ڸˣһ߸²ǾҪȥ˰ɡ
˵ϱɲϣûô¡װɵϣȴȷе㲻طvŵʱûʲôͷԼһûȥ֪ڼôԼֻûôҸڻؼңع칬ĹŮֽ˵̫߸ȥع칬һ
⻰ʶ￴̫ӵİϷ˶ô£͸ЩˣȻҲʲô֪
ȥɣȥأطv˵ڸҪ𣬱̫һľʱ򡣡һ䴿ϹǸҸͷһʲôĵòõģҲҽڳ
̫˴ɲǲ֪ɳҲֻװơ¿ԼҲ㶼Ұķ͸¶
ع칬ǿרŸ̫ӽĹĴࡣŹŮع칬£ǵһϸط̤ع칬;øĵطһ˵شû˸黹Ǿع칬ʵǰó档ػ߶ĹŮ̫࣬һûУصˡ
ˣϽЪЪһ·ûŰɡ鱻̫סԺߣһžͱô˸¡ٿüﲻ²۹Ȼ̫еĴ
̫ˣøڶǶ緹߶߶ˡ鲻֪̫ͻȻԼʲôҿ̫Ҳع칬ŵɲ̫Լ˵˵ϹհԼϹҪҲûʲô˵ġ
Ϊ׺ͷ棬ԼһףһȥǾʡ̫һôׯһ˵оֹǾЦǶǡôÿμøһͻȻԼô׽ֻòӺ߶
̫͵ĶȻ鿴ŹŮһͷֻԼռ˱ˡǺöȴã鲻ٸӣ̫ʹ̫ˣҪ˵˵ǲʲô¶
ʵֱף̫ϵĽһ²ָֻǸֱˬӣǱֱ˵ˡ
ϻߵܹʱ̫вܵĵط챾Ҳڣʵǲ֪ʲô¡˵ǻֵܣûȥܺ˵һ˵òˡ
̫Ļһͷˮõ˵˵̫Ӷ˼ܵܣ̫˵ú̫˵˻ǺŮ죬ֵõƽ
̫˵ЦˣҼұүû˵ڹʲô˵¶үʲôҲû˵̫̫˵ʲô𣿡⻰ǴװͿˣϧͿ̫Ҳû
̫ҲûԼ˵¶ֻ̫ʯϿ̫һֱǱţ֪ô뵽취ΪֻҪ±߼˻ٵع칬߸棬ȻʰǱҲͲץ²ˡ
û뵽ƽʱŶׯͻݵ̫ȻôӣҲ˵жƾôֲ֣̫ӲϲȲһ·ˣûñع칬ˡ֮־ߵţ˵ǳ˵Ĳٻ̸ֱӳͺáʲô£»ؽ˵Ҳһġ
׳ڹֳʲôӣͷظˡطvһ㲻֪Щ£ͨ˵߱ͦã˵˻רߵԺſˣڵøһ鶼סˡһ칦˵ɫô͵˸ˡ                        
շߡһֱСʸʱ䣬һʱ䶼ʮ㵽ʮ֮䡣˵ʮ㣬Ǹϲ233333

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طvű˵ڹ﷢¶һʱĲһ, Ǽƻ˵ġֻûӼͭ, кˡ
㵽û˵̫ӹôûһİ·һֱȥع칬һ·, ԽԽù֡Ժ󵽵׻Σ̫Ǿǰ϶ȵĴ, ع칬˵úǹأ˵ò嵽ûǸŽµλ, Ӧ
̫Ƕ, ˵ڵö, ڻعͷ룬ԼǶ´󲿷ԭΪǹ徢ǰֻ̫׽, ҿǿɲʲôׯǼֱûˡ
һֱûطv˵, Լէսʱ, ûҲֺֺ̫ԼװɵһǶֱƨû, Լô˵ô, ̫ĻӦֱƺõģЦʱЦ, ûӦʱӦһûУҲһ㲻׽Ļᡣ
Ȼ̫ӱүô̫࣬ȴû١ǻʰ꾫ϸѡ, ̵Щ֮Ÿ̫ӳɻġ˵ǰ־ȥԹǶǱĻʺȥġ
˵طvһ㶼⣬еع칬ˡԺûع칬ԶЩҪ»̫㣬Ҹڶ˾ǡʲôү㵲š
ҲΪʺ磬λû͵ƨЩǴСͲôŻʺλô߲ʡ̫ӶֻǴһ޳̫ѣиͻݵع칬ЩĳһܲסطvΪίԼˡ
طv⻰˵̹ϸһŷ֣һ첻֮ǰǸȻһ߸ߣͷ˭үֻˡҲڣһڸˣ
ûĸȥɽ¥˸طv֪һᷢģԼǵʱݵ£ںҲܵһ֪еӲҪŪˡ
ɹʢǱ߹˶࣬ҿǼ²׬Ǯ׬ߺأٴⰡɽ¥ԽӣӾԽ׬ǶļүϢ͸ͨطvҲǸ˵ӣŪܳ˼ĶллأŲĳë
鲻طvҲôһ˵ﲻԴȥɽ¥ԣûʲôһˣӹүͷˣҳȥһͱˡ
ͨ˾ͲڸȥЩµԼ˿ɲ٣׵ı޲졣ԼջʱݹӣֻǻӰҲû꣬طv޲Ǳȸ鵽һˡ
ү¹ٺõȰطvһţͱ޲סˡسҲйȥϾôû˿ŵôС޲˾ĹٳôҲֲԹ¿ҵı޲졣
޴Īʲô˵سôã޲ץʵʵһӶûУطvǺܸмġ˽˹Լ׼СԺ˲͵ĲŲŲæ˵
ǰ߸һΡһ޲ͰԼˣطvô£˵Ҫү쵽Լǰֻ֮¸£ûü¡
ǣô£޷˻˵ҪӳŸҵܣôүڼˣ޴̣ܽطvѻӹȥô޲ľȣͶӸүʹⲻʲôϡ£޲Ƥطv͸ɴΧˡ
Сڲһˣ²¡˵Լ޲ͷۣè治Ϊ¡޲ִ̽˴үֱ˵˰ɡ
Ǹͨµģ֮ʹӼˡҪ˵Ҳǹٵġ޼үСǸ첻µزµӣô˲ģһϺò״·ӣǸ˸ó·û뵽ӻ飬ڱոǰشⲻЩˡ
ˣطv⻰ͷ˵Ĳ࣬үô˴ԸܶԸ⵽үǰĪ˵ԼЩʰּľųͨ˼Ҳû˵úܵġϾǻʳǸ£ĶľųǺء
үǧô˵ô˵ӵñүطv⻰ǵ٩棬ֻбϸͶԼµ¶Ը⻹˵Ŀͷһ⡣Ҫ޲Ǹõģطv淭ˡ
Լǵ˼Լף޷λøٴҲ̫򵥣ܾżͶ߱գĸȥ߱ոǰһɴֻūŵʱūѡӵķء
ˣ˵үӲ󿵽šطvǰ봹Դ޲첻֪Ϊξˡһμ޲ʱطv֪ǸѿеĹͷ˵Ϲ°߾ҲǸͷˡ
Լ˵ô࣬޷ǻѼԸǰ͡޼ûʲôԼҲСˣһǲܡһı·ǸѰɽ޲ѡ˼طvʵͦš
ˣߵء޲˲ϵĺԼԼ۽˼ϸӲãԼ뷨;ˡ
СӵҲʲôëСʱд⼸굹òֻ￴أǲҷſƿӾ⻰˵ã··ȫˣɲֻڼ
ȻˣнưɡҲ֪޲ľ仰طv˿ڣܴ֮Ӧˣ¾ǳһ롣˾͵ͷ˵Ҫɲûþ͹ˡ
ܽʮ˵ʵطvС˼ꡣڼｿĺӣϿŻЩδѡߵȵþˣһ·߹ɹúܣɫе
޲طvǰˣȻʲôݰǲݰӦ˵ǴúܡطvЩ⣬ʱ»IҲܶԴ
ūʵҲ䣬Ǽĸϣûȥ֪ǵܵøԼģԼҲڼҴСⱲӶֻ޸֪ү
޲Ǻû죬ԼͶطvҲǸ֡ԳūţǾǴҪطvˡ
طvͦܣ޲죬ûʲôԸû£үȥܲšһ仰ˡСûӦ֮ǰװܳţ±ɵЦ޲Ŷӣطvݡ
ȥһ˸˻ҲǷġ䱾յĻ˸ˣ˵öЦǱүǸģĸү
СյҲõ£طvѾ޲˵ˣڱոԼܸ飬ܸȣѻ˵˵˹סūǰԺʰ䷿
ͱˣ˼ҴӼĻ֪ô᲻أʱȥϺϼ¡ᵽϻеطvôһ˵͸Ͻ¸ˡ                        
շдʱҲ᲻̫ƽˣǷҪеѣ֪ھϲϲ~
  ȻϹأۺ~Ǻ

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طvתȻǸϳϳ, ȥŵî͵îͻȻšе, ȫȥ˲飬ɶӴô׹, 鵽ҲûӳîҲȷŵһԡ
˼ϱ߼˸˿, ԵԣҲſǼλү, ޲ǽ߾´ùͷ
˸ת, Ҳڿһͷ¡, ÿ»鶼ѹ죬ȥҸ֪ͨһ, Щûӵ򣬵Ǵ, Ķ͸ˡ
ջǱ̶ǲǿˡʤ, ǶʥһؾɹŸ, µһ, ʱ̶ȥϱ߶һˣЩϱߵʱ˻
ӵĻ, ӴϢӦ⼸͸ûˣ˵һ˵˲ٺöһ˵ʱʻ⡣ϱȥջļ۶ôͣһ˶١
̶Ӹճȥûãɹ˾ˡ˼ﲻȱ, ҾϲϱЩûġڼĴˣٺƨɺͷߣڻڵóӶˣ֪͸ٶɵ˳ȥ
˾ͺãҲ̫żһе׬ء⼸طvֿʼæ˵þûôóԺ߶ʼɨ˼ȥ˵Щ䷬Ҫû˵ƹҲûʣԽ˲ˡ
߼ƹ鱾ȥڿСûڿû֣ȻСѾСطv˳˿ڣһֱССӵĺšŸ߳ſڣūżҴҵܹҪˣū뱴үϽ
С̫ȥĹ˼˵߱ûţָϽոġһ⻰ͷˣôһĶ˵õʱءǶõʱ仹Űأһطvʹ˳ǴȥˣҪԼĶȥ
ɲҲҰҪ˴Ӱ⻰ҪǴȥطvǵѲƤɡ֪ˣͽҽм˸һȥˣϽı𵢸顣
żȲֻ±ūŸϽȥѰˣԼϽȥˡյſͼ̸ĴŮⲽǵطvԼģ۾ܡ
үءֻ飬Ҫˣ۶үأô˻û
ߣǱ߱˵ڹſ̫ۣ˸Ͻߣʵڲ֪߻ң߱Ѿȥˣ϶Ͼͻ
ô˵Ҳֻܸŵͷүž̸¶ˡ˵˽ֺʹҶү̫£ɵźôӣүô˭ܲµ֡
үС̸ı伸ֱּﻹүʱүӲﻹ˵䣬Ǵǻŵġж˸СӣүŤҲ޿ɺǡ
һߵúܿ죬ܿ͵̸ſڡһ̸ԼЩĿû˵ͨʵʵ£ʰ򰲣ϱʰˡ
ʵʵԴģ֪߿϶ûˡɣܹϽȥơ
仰ûطvеţʱǽ͵ĺʱʵʵӦ±ȥﻹ̲סջǵżҲֲ嵽ǼôҪӵĳɣǸǲ֪Ķĺ
֮Ǻ϶еģ˵˾ڳҸһȦͻȥܲסãһﻹдûôܣطvСһֱԾԾҪԸöģطv֪ôִԶĵطȥ
ƣһûôʵءܳ٣ڼҵʱ³ҲūΧ˺Щһ·ӵųǿֱӵŻȥû޹
طvﻹߵŵӰû˵Ҳ̫ˣôֻӸȳˣҲͦ׵ġȥóӶˣ͵Ӹˡ
СͷһԼסֲǰԺЩſƤģطvܻҪ±ūŶġܲǸˣ˵Щϴ˯ţĶá
ͷʲôûɣ鷿ĵطȫűһ飬˼Һ˵ˣ汴ү飬鷿Ļ͸طvźӶ£֮ǰӦģŰҲˡ
ǵˣҵʱһ뵽үǶȥطvƽʱڶԺ֪óǸԼᵽոҲһֱšСȥԺӴŮ죬ֻ뵽һӹȥ
ɱӷʣ洦ɲʵʣ˶ˡһȥԺʱطv춼ǺõģطvͷУǾȦܲٴһֻ
طvɻûüޣͱסˡүǱЩǲǱģ
طvͷһӰеױм仹һѵģ²ǹ̫ࡣһ뵽طvͻȻͺݺ£ֻ˵Ļš
طvûӦԶһѾ쵽۰ǰˡ߱үҪˣϽȥɡС̫༸ǹģһ·Ҳˣʱү˭ûùӳԡ
⻰һ˵طvˣŴ˵ʲôҲ˵ֻԼݶڴ߸ŵūſӵҲҳܵӴЩүǸϽȥɡ
һǰطvعս֣޺ݺݳƨϱֱڱȥһ·طvûܣ˳͵Ϣ˿Ҳû˵·ԭʱ·̣طvǲʱ͵˹ſڡ
˳ЩϾҪˡڲ˰οҲ˱ãµŵ·վֻ̫ڳŤͷſڿʱų԰ο֪ζӣǲ֪طvⰤǧĶȥˡ
طv̸ʱ򣬿ǧεżǰˤ˸ͷҲطvŷԼȶġŷߵǰĬĹ£˵ȴһʡ
ŰɡûԼӣСʵǱ軵ˣԭΪԼף棬û뵽һ߻ˡ
طvˣߵأҪϱнɡһ⿴˲֪Ǽطvˡһվһţôôɵġ
⻰ͻȻ˿ˣͷζأθڱѬ֪ӻˣ˵ȸոо۾ɶŻˡ
ͷǲһûһֱµĺҲðԴֻҪͷ˺ߵĸҲ˳ûĥ˳ɾŸµĺӣˡ
ȱӴֲִ鿴һ飬⺢ڳɶʱòճССžоúܣûʲôëٿҲĵͷŰѺӵݸȥϲ
ֱģǸС磬ӦʮˡŸճӤ˼Ӳ֪˵ʲôðβ˵͡ٵͷһʡĵģúѵһȴһطvƵĻںġ
طvӤ޵һ˲һ·ɬȫһӿ˳ҧ̲סરવڵשϡžǿŤͷ޺ۻϳĶӣҲĳϽȥ˵תͷȫ̸¶˭Ҳ˵ȥ
ӻˡ֮ǰſϸϸɾϵְۣѻڵס˲ŷ˽ȥطvǰڳɴߣò̻ȥᣬһָŷӿۿˡ
⺢ӣ󡣡ɿͳĺӣԭЩΪԼ˵طvҲᶮԼˡʮ㣬֪ʱжˣôССһӣССﵱʱҴܿģһҪúô㡣
⺢Ӷ磬ﻹûúã㵹ѧ۶ˡ֪鷿òɣ岻˼¸ϿҵʦϲԼîžƴϡ
ѧʲôطϸ￴ǲΪﲻ֪ʵҲأкüҶ͵͵ȥ㣬ֲҽȥܡЩ¾ۣطvôСһѧᱨϲǣҲҴ
֪ôģģǸƫġ⻰˵ϸȴǵطvڴ߿޵
ǲ̫ˡطv֪ԼССԼĵܵܶԴסɴСطv;ŶԼģܻŶҲ̸ܻЩߵףǺԼͲǶˡ
һԿԳϸжòУﻹ̲ס²ۣԼүǿ湻ġ                        
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ʮ

˸Ϣһʱʹ˾⣬Ҷ˵и, Ӳ˵, ô¹ܴСģһͷס, ϱߵĲ¼ɡ
Ī˵̸ѳɽʹͺͺ񣬾ոŷҲͲĺطv̼߯, ص۵˵￴ػصĴˡ
Ҵȥ, ľųⶼ߱, Ͳȥ̫ҽԺ˰ʮߵɸ, ǸС磬, ǺֵģڸҸءſԼλүǸʲôӦ
û, ƵƤͺˡôһ˵, طvŰƾٵ۰ǰ, Ҳô, ббϵģڻûҲͦѵõġ
ûʲôû£ô, һٻŧҿôˡӲŻΪүԼϵĲãɴߵǰȸӽ⿪û뵽֣ͱطvȥˡ
ﰡûأ߸Լְطvֿ˹ȥ, æˣЩūʰȥǣһطvҲȥԱϣԼϡ
鱻§ҲöͿϢǰΪڸŴԺ϶ѰڷôõĻԵӸһ첻۶ӣԼҪݷˡ
ȥĴԼҽ±ߵҽܺþƢôطvĻ˵ǣүŲͦ죬ŵʱһŸͷΪʲôˣûϵĹһү־ͲƵƤɫˡ
ŷүȲͿҩºõŸζҩطv¾ͰѰϵӳҲûͺԼȥˡүһ˿ں޲תߣ˸
ԼҽݿŲͼǮץҩˣƽƲҲࡣүһ쵽ҽͦæļطvȽıүҲǻűոķԣүӷǵתߡ
鿪˵ˣŷүҲûôʶȤҩϸ˿ڸطvãְѸոͿطvҩݸ飬ҩζᵫЧãϸүͿϣŲ˱ǡϷ׼һͽ衣
ҩǺҩҲǱҩƽЩĸɴֻĶҩطvûŹôζŷүһţϽͰԼָŲˡүͷǿү˳ۣ˵Ҫζģƫ᲻
ҽݱطvģֵһȥ£ü궼ܵġһֻģ˶Ӷãֻҽݵ׽ӡǹ̯¶ģȥҽһˡ
û뵽ŷүӻǸشģҽĶóȥȼˣŻΪӵģֵͦ졣֮طv֪ˣɴͻЩӰҽ̹ŷүãʲô䡣ܺùһ˳ţͷǷҩ̵ӣһʱ͵óȥԵ
ʵͦһ£үҪƢ˽¸ͽҲ˵ܾ˵һֱЩŤš
е£ҿԼˡøС۵ĿԼȹڵ֣㵽ڿȥˡ
Сӻֻ֪˯˯˳ԵĽ׶Σ֪ﾭʲô鱧ŶӺСરӣеطvΪʲôôϲ档
һͲ֣Ҫ˲ŰѺӽĸȥ˽ۣԹطvʹߴȥϴԴ֮ͶԼ屣Ļ¶඼Ǻö鵷˴ʱɢŰʪͷӺ߻
ôүΪˡطvһĴȥ󹷹һӺ߰˱˸
һսŵǵζȥ᷿ϴˣ֪ʣʱֵȲطvͻἱȥ᷿Ǳߴպϴ衣ֻû뵽Ȼ¡
棬~˸ƽһطvǸⷽѹԵˣʱֵˣ鶼һ̫ˡģͷһء
ͷһأҲǳʣת־Ͱ˸סˡطvøߣͷӣү~˼ҹСɵö˼ҸŶΪôãطvܵI˾ȥ
һ־ûִ磬ߵūŶϰˡȵˮҲϴʱ򶼿쵽˺ҹطvֱô֡˵͵Ķȸ״øƽϣոյֵ̫볷ԼֲϷţʱ˸غϲꡣ
꺢ӵ˸ǰЩһطvЩʳ֪ζ⾳Ҳ˲ȵģ뱧˲š
ѾҪ˯ˣô˵ҲŰķܣʵ˵ΪôõիҲIIء
ôһڶð¶ð졣طvҪȥ󳯻ᣬǰзʰҪ˵£طvҲ⵱ȥˡѵõĸһţȥϳԼҲýȥɡ˵ûޣСӣϱܲܲȥ֡
˵ЦСǱȸӶСٳЩ֪ôֶֶŮۡطvô˵ʱطvҲ̲סզ࣬С˵Լ⵱Ĳͷۡ
ǶҪʲô£͸Ͻң͹ȥ쵽ſڵʱطvͻȻŤͷŴ˵ôһ䣬ҲɷµĿŰĳ֪ﻹЩŤȻ¶ϸ˵Ц٩ֻʵʵӦˡ
ڹſھͷֿˣطvһǬ幬ͱһȺſֵֵΧסϲǸϲģطvϻֻЦţûëľȻүû˵ʲôֻطvʾο
طvү˵ʲôѾ˱ûüյ˶ӵĿҲû˯ã˼Ҹ˵ķʽЩ£ȫС͹ȥҲ˴ҹţȻԼôУɴȴӡ
󳯻¶ãֻ±û˵ˣŰٹɹŸҪݵ¶ᡣʵﶼеףس˸һ·ȥĴĶ٣ЩԭСҲʵˡôֱܲء
û뵽ǣؿǰѽӴɹŸĲ¸ߡ˵û뵽طvԼû뵽Լڹúúõģôָ¶ˡǰԺǱ߽ǢĶϰˣԼһӣϰϿɲôÿ
سԼүӻطK˹ĳ˭֪طK˸ϵߵطһԼȥԺүҪѶǶʹǰкöǱɵ£һʱ֮СžŶ
Щǰߵǲ֪ģô̸ԼʱѾͦˡ̸þûйӣ˵ʲô׼ˣֻԵЩšָǸһҪȥǶƼСʮˣǺӺŵòС鿴ȥˣû˱ɴѺӱԼ꺢Ӳãϻطv˵ζСʮſ㰲ͣ                        

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˸磬ô, æһ߽˺ˣ˳ϾʮûµҲȥ, ɴֱӾȥ˰үϡүƨɻûӣͲ㱻ʮòﵽ±ȥ
Св, ˭Żô¡طKطɤ, ҲţҪȻȫǶ֪ʰ粻ʥϵּˡ
, Ÿ, ǰߴô߾æˣϾʮѾȢ˸, ʮĸǴӲԭģ¸Щش˽¶Щ, ϰ˸εĻᣬɹźʢѸô·Ӷϡ
ɹŸЩүشƫƧ, ʵȨǸѳɲȥ·ؿ, ǰϾǱ, һ׬ĻûнЩү̨ĺôࡣڼﶼǮ, ǮĻҪһȥ°үž;ñ
үСڻǶ, ˴̫ӵô꿴̫ӺֱһѻѶԷԨԼҪıδѡ
ˣҲǸû, ߸ƢĶã˼ҶѧЩҲá˵طTطvҲǰֵܣһ鷿鳤ģүһֱ׼طvƢ֮󣬾ö֮Ҳˡ
⼸طTطvɽ¶ˮģȴʲô¶û£֪绹治ֻ첻ߡ˼Ͽһ㲻²մıҲû˸磬λѾǰ϶¶ˣ˵ҲҪˮǴߡ
⻰طK˵ͷûԼ׸ߺõܴһӣԼͺ۵ģطKûСǨŭߣﲻþܻеġ
°ҲǹطKһ˱ŤطvһҪطKһ£ҲӶۡϾʮСһЩϾһֱߣСӽݵû˵
ˣൣЩʲô¸˵ѵطvһ۵ط֪ܲʲôԼܴܵСţͳһԡ˸ʮζͶֶϰ˵ĻԼ׸Ǽġ
үϾŵֻúЦ͵͵Ƶű˾ƲԼطK߻ˣѲʲôƢʡ͵ĵƣŰɡ
⻰үǵطv̸ȥˣŵط˵ģطֱզ࣬︹̻治˵˭˭ʰôôϰˣҲòôж
ҪԼ˵ţֲǲ֪ʱ°³һ㣬Ҳ±˵졣̫ӻȵģǰ漸綼޲üнβˣֻϰ˴飬³ͷʰ겻˹ˡ
طv֪͵ƺϷˣҪȻɡϵĸϵ̸Ҫѣϰ̧ȥˡӵʱĻëڸطv˵㣬ûʲôʱܽĹء
үʮүáСʮСҲطvĵܵܣԼСӡɲ浱ӱֻðֱںߴǰСǳúãü䶼ûžģ
طv̸ָǰ޵øɵһеŲ˼ĵúܣ˭Ҳû¶Сʮݡ
ڼﱧԼӱò٣ƵǶԣͻȻܵܣطvิˡճֻһطvҲ˵ţ˵
֣ôްӱһˣҲû˯ҲޣʱʱĻર죬ǵطv˵Ҵֻĵ֡СǻޣҪҪޣҪ˻ҪޡôԵӤطvӦ
ӷģСճԱء̸˳ӣоطvˡͻСʱ򣬼־͸طv߽СӣȵѧС֣Ŀڽӡڶʮˣطvģ㻹ССĽš
ô˵ˣطvźûֵûҲͲߣȥƸ˯ѵĳɡ
ɵʹ˱ȲԼ꺢ӵڶ˵ƣۣڴ״̬Ƶùȥġɳⶼ˲ŽϿžҲõӡ
ζأ⺢ôֽˡһˣûһֱšߵĶ඼ˣԼҴǸʲôӳЩߣ϶Ǹúӡ
ﴰͿһСȣҲҷű³ɼӶûһѡǴѷϱƽר·ǰġ
ĴѷǳɵĴɩû֮ǰǼСĹЩ֮ʵָ˳һһ棬ƽϵҲô࣬±˿˵Լ֡
ƽǴҲͰˣȻǸʵĵģظõֵʱ㶼Ťӡôصƽⲻ󣬸Ӵڲǲ̫ʡ
һѾıҲ̲סЦˡԼҴǸʵˣүϷȥ磬Щ깬ҲͳɵĴɩһֱšʵЩһְֱҲûŲѣûԼɷɻڴҲûǳӡ
طvҲһһģһ˺öˡ϶Ǵ˵ģɵüšָָױ̨һСӣùطvƽ֮ǰһֱţÿһʮ塢ͻ⹩Соһģƽ
ɵСҲǳɼҵˡ￴ôã֪Ĵ㣬ҲǺáͲǵԼڹʱҲѾȥӣڷ￴ʱʱҲ͵͵Ժ᲻ӹһӡֻһһɢһգԼϽ˰뱲ӡ
ҲʱⶫͽˡɰСƽó֣µĽ飬ְСʮ˵ķŽȥ˵ҪЪЪ
ʱųƽһʱ֪˵ʲôãطvЩҪôˣͻȻ;ʪȣٶһϣʮСˡ
һʳ¯ͯطvϣ㶼㡣ƫطvҷ֣ҲдСʮˣôһ֣֣ǰСӸүӹȥ
طv˵ҧгֲҶӣ鶺վűЦû֦ҲСĽӹСʮˣָϽطvȥѡطvͲ̸סˣһֱĶÿ굽˻ʱ򣬳ҲҪطvӦȫµģҪѵһ㶼ȱ
طvֵôû˵ʲôǶҪߵʱͻȻ˵ֻССĽУǲˡ
¶ﲻˣҲ½˳ĲʱСʮ˴һô졣Լ˱ոʱ٣϶СʮŶʱЩԼһֱôšŲ¡
ӷģūǶˡطvô˵Цü۵ġڹôֵǽ¶̫࣬ڴĿһòˡ                        
շ¹ܱɣҪͨµģҹϲһɵɹ

ʮ

˰ɣһȥǶ, ڼҺЪ졣Դӳһղȥ̸밲, Сʮϴͦ, Ķˡ
ж磬Ҷж, һճСë볤Զأûʲôù˼ɵġȻֵĹ, ҺôҺáûӵ, õ˴ƿҲ¶, ±ߡɲ˭˭ߣ۵Ķ顣
û¶, ӭĻġ̸ĶǺˣǱ߾Ȼ̸, ūǺûҪǮһð, ˵Ķǹү˸С, ߵ˼Ǵ粻
ƫƫ˿ͦ, ·طvСѧûЦ
ү, ӹͿ˰ɣҲȥطvǱȱҵģҲǸ˦ƹ˵ʱ˵ƻ, ŶһĽ˵λүҲͻᱧӣ¶һ֪
ô˵طvԴһ¿ʲô¶ǲĶ⼸طvæԺǱߣһʱ֮仹û뵽ʲô¶Ϊﲻ̹
ٹ첻ٳ𣬸¶׼ˣʲô԰ȥʱ˻ڰûﳤǶиСĵÿҲԺԼ˴һԸپǳÿ궼Ҫ׼档ǳĵһգܵøˡ
٣ԣҪ˵ءطv治ǵ¶ˣ˵˵ү׼ʲôˣطvˣ˲ߣҪԼ׼ʲô
鱻ôһʻҭˣԼֻŸϯ¶˭ǵЩɿ²ӣû˼˵ɶҲû׼˵ȻǵӲŸ㣬ʲôʡ
طvƿҲãүʳ˰ɡطvɵ͵һ£ŵߵ߶鷿ȥˡ
ǻƽʱ˵ûҪһлס͵Ц£ڿûǹ򡣡ϽĸϽģ룬ʲôո˵ĻźӺ֦ˣҲе㷢¡
ܹܺø˾ˣôԼⱴү۶Ӷ࣬ʲôҪء⻰Ӳ˵ҲˡҪū澼һ廭͸үҲܿ
ɲЩϼͷһռ޸ʱ򲻸ҳֲֻܳڼױ˸ֹصİڼµʱҲû˵ã귴ԼûǶ
ȥѧˣʱžҪĵڣ˶Щɴ˰ѴģԼָ÷Լһ촩Ŷ£ϾͰԼͳȥˡ
Ǵ鵹úܣⶼһˣʱĻһ䣬ô£ǻһ𡣲öܶԣҧŲɿڣһ񫣬ʵڼܲסǷ辢
⵽˵꣬ԼҪˣء벻ţѾҲżֻҲ벻ʲôõ֦ɵѾͷҪүٷɣĻ˵ˡҲ˵գطvҲҳԣһ˵ԼһǳҪ⣬Ҳôͷ
ͷ¶һʼٸ߿ɲ֪Щطv߸תƵ鷿һżܣؼǲǣطvܵ˹أſһʮһݣҲؼˡ
ӵĻūѾ˵ջȥٳūŻūŻûôĳء޸޲һӣĶϼңϾʲôϲҲ첻ֻ޲Ǽͬš
УʱСλӡǸͨ͸˶Ҳá˵Ӿһ㶼û˵һոطvϲʱż¶ҲԸȥܸȶ֮ǰƺϻ㰡ҵЩңҲĹˡظϰƣطvҲԸ档
գ۾͹ˣһ磬ѵñطv磬˵ʲô٣ūҲæˡæֻطvûгᣬŲ𣬲ڴϿѾǸϴ硣
㣬㴩źÿ鲻ֹѵĳ࣬෴üĿ֮䶼ľڹʱ鶼ü۵ױѹ֣ЩƼ˲ϲ
ҪôأҪɡգȻģϵױˣѾùطvǱߵ˵ݣҪǾ͵Լ
طvƿ´ɷ½ӹ죬үĿĵЩү㻯ÿġ˵ô˵ù˵ëʵ֣Сɵȴð첻֪ôĶʼ
鿴ŴԼǰֲԸʵ˾̲סЦ㣬ûͱˡͭһĸطvô죬ĶЩĶһʣüͷ̫ŨҪëë棬ü̫üβ̫
˵ϸطvҲ񣬴üλүǳһͷĺţүüëغÿơطv˵ƣȴֵŴǰ߲ÿӲ˰ꡣ
ͭüۣغÿ̸ϣҲܼˡҪѾ߻ҲͲøˡÿ𣿡֪϶ǲеģֻתͷһ䡣
ÿҾ;źÿطvΪʲôǹﻹ棬ǲϵĻµ֬ˮۣ⻹治Ǽ򵥵ͿͿĨĨԼ۵һͷǲѾ߻úáпգүٸ㻭
طv⻰˵⣬˵תЬȥˣȫ֪Լ˵ȥͦ˵黰ǵˡ
˵ϯʵҲֻǰŮźǷ˸ЩϾűүûүʮһ𣬶ľ͵ˡҾ˵Щ׼ǲȽˣ͸߸ȥԺڸͷүҲŹ㡣
ԴӿϾӸطvλү˸ϣ춼нڲȥԺطvطvֲȥƨɵˣԸˣԼ徻
طvⰡò׶˸£Ҫǰ첻үˣô죬һӸϰƨɺͷȶһԽԽżɲүˡ֮һ仰Ͼ׵ܵܣܲܡ
˵үô죬ɲֻܴŵܵˡҪ˵Ҳǹôƫģ̫ģ¹ܵʲôʱү̫Ҳܿ塣
ϾŲһǰߵĻүô˵տɵȵϾʮʱүɽȹ̺󹬺ԽԽ࣬ͲǰЩǰˡطKɻǸͷ磬ط˻һҲ˼ҶҹѾȥˣҲһ
ЩûطǸʵˣһģЩҲ޷طKȻǱ߻˵ҲǸֵˣǫ̇̄׶ڸˣȻʵʵ˳¿¡
Դ͵طKȲİүʱ򣬿ıطKСӣĵûͦõӡ        

ʮ

үʱطKŹ˵ƽ, ԶطK˵ö, طֻһţʱ䳤طKҲȻԼ׸Ǹ˵ӡ, Լˡ
磬˵ôõׯ, ܵܿɶûȥء֮󣬼Ӷ, ֱõ԰, ˵ڵвظ, ֻҪʱʹŸſͣ㵽԰ȥŪīȥˡ
ү˳԰ߵ԰, ֣պԲ԰ֻϧүæ, Ǹǰûס, û԰ȥүүõ԰ð, ڳ԰ϱ, үѾȥˣ԰ӺһƬݳ, ĺõؽ硣
үûүǴæˣү벻طҲӹطKطKʱǼųȥ˸ǶҲûϸʲô, ˡ
⻰˵طKеֵ⼸ȷ㲻׽ʲô¶ԼҲġǣǲ¶»أ»ظٽң϶ʲô¶ڳܡ
طװԵӱټ䣬үʮ߽ˣطſڵһͷ˸кطK˳⿴ſһȾƵʱ򣬻˵Լýһ
˸磬ʮǶ˰ʱҲ˵ʲôģѲ˵˼ұ׸Ź׽ͰˣҪ˵𡣡Ͻӳúãر㣬ǰ߸硣
ϲ߸Ҫ㣬ȥġͼϾӣǻʰ˭Ȳ˭ˣ˵ˣʲôʲô֪ϰ˸ʲôԻǰͦҪǿһүָʹõתIĸԸ
˵ʲô̧һȥϾŸϡϾԼͳԷҲܾͿֵôûûˣɴһ仰ӹȥ˵춼ϡֻϾŻ߶䣬ʮŶˣ˵ľȻһһү˶˲ϻ
ʮǸ̲סӣ;Цˡүʮûģ̲סҡͷҲȷ
Ǻ£ϯ֮󼸱¶ǣǾнЩطvƱʵһԲġ߼ֵĿˣүȻȻͰѻͷյɹҪǵ¶ϱߣ仰ڼطvȥԺڿúܡ
طvǾĴˣó˸ԼСʮĵܵܣ֮ڹվס˽Ų˵ԺĲ¡ʲôðȫЩ£Ҹ˵Ͼ㣬ԹԵĸȥԺٶһԣ
طv˱ֻԣɴžƾѻͷָطKϡֲԼһ˵ģҪۺҲطK汳ġطvôı˲֪үү֪ͷ׳ˣϽ䲻硣
ǰôڣҲүǵ¶ԺŮǿɲôࡣ˵Ůһ̨ϷŮ˻źӣüǼͥ磬龰ϲ磬Ů־һݣƫԼΨһĹڣ벻ɡ
ɩǰ͵Ƕȥ˲յԭ˱Ӧ缸ͳģƹͷ˵¶˼졣дϣҲʼ˺ϻ⡣
µףٹЩӾҪڣҪӵʱ򣬸ϵĻҲŷǮڣʱȷöˡ
ⲻʮ𣬲żġ˱ˣ¶ϸһţҷĵúܡϳߣǹȴû˭һءϻ⣬ǶǶîîʮ
˾ŲԲ̫ǮȴúܺáϡͿĲ岻ٺõĹϵҲΪЩ·
ˣϸʲôڸһʲô¶ûУɲЩԼˡϽһԺԺĺӣͦζԼط㲻ϺõͣɷһүôţҲǹԹԼԺġ˶ᣬǵ¶ûٹôһֱûء
Ҳ̫ż°ÿԽԽϱûʲôȨģٹЩСӾ͸ðϯˣԼ˺ӾȥȰ˲ҪżǲŰ
͵ʱ̫Щʲô֪ͻˣʱ򷴶ӣ⵽˻ءϼ޸үûþͻˣʲô˶õͣ˵캢Ӿˡ
⻰˵ãֻ֪ǰο˵ĻҲһԵİ˸϶ѵõĴ˾仰ɩô˵Ҳǲ֪⺢
ƽһ᲻Щģְ֪ܽô仰˽ҲùǺˡϰ˳۸˱ո˵ǾĶ衣
˵Ҳòȥ˼һ걧ǳϱҲû˶˵ʲôϰ˼Ҳһôһ㶯ûУǾͿЦסˣ˵طŢء
Ҫ˵ûҲãͼڰ⾩ǱͰƴĵضԼҲؽɿأٶǣţӴŶͷۡ˵ʮҵģմɹŲԭ޹ûãһϰءͬ⻰ֻһԵͷľŸϣ˶»鲻ãٶң
ֻżСЦζү˵Ǵſס԰ﵽôû˱ֻҪ԰ЩĳĲǰۣװȨûЩ¶
ңľϯһ۸һٷٰߣǱŻص̱һ㶼붯֣ȥŪЩԵ
תȥʱϴǰ߻طv类ֵܹ˲٣·ֱΡƵȸʵԼϲȥû꣬ɴūŷߣһСԺϯЪȥ
Ժͨ͸Щϯְű裬طvֶͣطv˵ԸɻûڣֺҲҪ
鿴ŵͷŰԼȵͷˣ˼ǲҪֱСϵ۵Դϡ뵽ϾԼסû֡
ʵ֤˵ͨģ仹ǸˣġﲻϸԼղܸøƽϣ˳˳һһιŲˡ
Ա˾Ҳ˴룬طvգգۼûһʵ̲ס˲ſʣүأ˵ү𡣡˺ԺܳϣȫѾطvףˣ޻רűŴһˣھͲطvëûš
ﰡҸȥŽ̧ͷԼطvԺһ۲ĿߣֱֻǵȥԼµ˵ھ֪ʲôܱǸѵá
ߵʱ򣬻طvҪ쵽Լȥ֣ʲôض㿴˲ʧҲ˵á
͵ʲôãүơطvô˵Ҳôģ̲סĽźطvøֻͿӣطvҲű¡
˶ô˵ˣֻܴİҴһõĻóװԼŪĲôãҪźٳȥʦѹǡ
طvû뵽ԼһСչᣬʲôǧͼҲʲôԢĻ⣬ү󣬻ıǴʱڵСԺӣϯһ٣Լվ²ƲüĿҲܵõʿ㣬˭ܿ¶С
ôпԺûаطvɤӲŰѺͷɬѹȥ˸ͷٶԼ
ﰡҸﻨҪģ£ϣЩһ³Ѹոһֱ߬ɿССӰģطvûʲôŽҲû츻ֻϣ֦Ҷïʱ˻һ
ˣô࣬Ժèû£ôûԼطvӹССЦᣬ궼Ķˡ
±߲һ״дˣҲ׺ˣԺͷءһֱ볢ֱżʲôζֻϧԼӶʵûǻᡣһᣬӹãдúܾõĳطv                        
շʵǴһֱ볢Եֻϧûлᡣ֪ûôһ׸裬Ǻ볪ĳһ

ʮ

үʲôǰšŸ⼸ǳ˸, ԴӼ޸طK֮ûôʵʱÿ°ε˾ͻ, Թž͵ڴĶȥϺԺóŷ, ȥˡ
ˬڵı̫һЩԲ¡Ǳ߳Թ, ڶطKͱүרɹūŶſڣ͵Ժȥˡ߿űԼû, ѵúϲ鲻Ը, ȻѾ˾ͲܸɿŲɻ
Ҫʥ˲, ʢĮϵĻ˵Įһ·ҪʱͲ, Ҳû쵽ԼһԳԺ߼Ժ׼ЩɹźʢүطvǰԺŵĺüԺ, µͷ˲طס
طҪ׼Ȼ͸, ЩԺŵʱ, õʱ, ĹԱʵʵûʲôЧʡطvʱ򻹴ӹЩˣɾÿչƽٶҲá
òطvԶ, ԺĲʹ˻ӵģԶһ㣬õطŲŵġԺöҲûжᣬ㲻۴Сȫطv
طvиҲæùǺСۿŶˡطKȻܲ, طvһ֣󲿷˾ͶȱطKǶɸһٵԼľֻʣ֮ǰĳɡ
տʼطKŰһЩмֵϢʱ߲ɹǱߵĹϵ߬ڰ˸Լ𡣵Ҳ˵ӵ޾ϸúܣطKһҲֲĸĸطKԼҲԽԽԾ
߱ԼԺôЩ죬ð¶Ȼ˴룬ЩɹүҲ·ϣϵӦҲˡԼڴĽ£ֲǸɵӲܲ֡뵽طKֹԹԵİ˽µ˻ȥôһڵһŰԺ緹ûϡ
طvС쵽ʱŸ͹ķԱƽ֪࣬ǰطKһҲӴˡ߳ԵĲ࣬ĸպϴպϰɣ˷ȥ˯һ绹¡
͹Ⱥţ鱻ӰϲЩϱߵĿζ컹ţطvҲϲóЩˬġطKæһͶˣһƹ϶㣬Ҳ˲ú˼˼ִӱζ
Թطv뻹ǰѵߵĻ˵ү֪ϰ˹ϵã˵⻰˵һüסˣ¹ʲôȰԼĽŸվ˵ҪȻʵȫġĸֹ챿ֲ˵Ų̹ȨҶˡ
үطKӦϰˣγطKĻᡣϾʮǰߵĸû꣬ô¶ûţϾŻǸͷء
ǲ°úã˵үǶӰʲôҲüǵطKҪǻڲڰײ׵ĸطT죬ʱӱطTժˣϾſʲô̲š
طKɵû˵ڵĻ֪ʲô˼֮ǰҲ°үﲻˣһֱŲϺԺźѹ²ֻ˸ǰ㶵ﴧŲĴʡ
ˣҲǾȰͷ¶ãһطKʵʵʱԺîϹүңһŸƻȥ
϶˵˼䣬ԺʱƽҪһطKյͬڶۼ˻ͦͦ֡ǰŲԺſڣô£ôˡ
ү飬ϽȥɣүأطKȻǣ׹ŵźţһһ߲Ű¶˵ˡҲ֪ļ̨ǱԵ磬͵˳߽վǱߣһŽĳǡⲻûʱүһ̨ͼһᶽүǶһ˵ɲͰ͵ˡ
Ҳʲô¶ۿ͵ˣԭҲ½½ˡɣôŮˣүǱ߲֪¶үҲ˵Ժſڲ֪ﶼ
߸磬˵ˣô°¹ǾǻɹţĶĹǶǵ;ѡҪôл䡣ôڲ׵ʱˣ˵ȥ߯Ķˡ
ôʲţҲȥʡĶŰɡĿɲһһʱԽԽ࣬Ůķܵð׵һֳģԼطKøųԹ䡣
ĶŰⲻǶ׼üԺˣ¡ŮѾ͹ȥǺţž͵ˡطKطvôһʻе¡
طvɵ㶵ǵģ˭˵ϾŴţֱǷƨԺӶǣأײԺߣһ߳±ײأطvҪģǲ̨ŮǸ
ҪǾΪҲǲУǱ˭ˣʱûɻ˵ҪǳأǸֵܸϣһ˴˽˹ɣڵסͲܳӡ
طvô˸طK˵طKҲ治ͨ£öֱӡҪ޸ԺӣоʹǶСԺסţ˲ǻһǡ
طK⻰һطv̧ۿܵܵ񣬼ֱ͸ɵһԼԺ°鷳˦ôϾŻԼմء
˵һ飿طvҪǧԼԼˡŰԺӣҪҰ
Ů˵̨ĴŮǰ걾Ҫ͵ѡ㣬ɺǴһˡ걾ҲӦѡһţⲻ¶үӾ͸Ų꿪ȥˡͲСˣٵȵ͸ϲϡǾΪ⣬ڰ˴ıԺɡ
̨Ů˵߲˵ͲͣҪϾңƾһӴʱɣطKͲԸ⡣һطv⻰ͷҡø˹һͲûطvһ
ˣԺҲʣʰԺס£˶඼ϵģȥĶ˭ҶϸˣŮû±óȥҪ־ңʲôҵš
ԺߵԺӱӦǸɹסģ̨ľλʵеͣԺš˭ŮôһطvֻȷָԺӸסš
Ƕˣʣµıðˡ±ߵԱūľͰԺطvոѾſڸ̨ѹˣػɹ˵ĶҲֻûѹطKҲȥ
˰ɣЪţʰ¶ūˡһ·Įв۵ģʵЪոһ·ǿؽֵķ飬ǰ֪ԼηҪŸǶԵġ
Сͳִ󷽣˲ԸڴĮԭϹһӡϧҪ׽ŪˣһѡǰԼ֪ôͲˣһǺü£ȵʲôˡò׵ȵ꣬ȴϻҪ
ԼۿԽԽһѡԼǸϲˣڲԭҸŻ൱̨ҶӼˣ黹һѡ
ɹĸôģطvطK֪òæһ죬ջظһطvԸоԾƽﶼֵģô˵ûС
ôǣʲôˣû˵طvֻתͷʸԼϲӵ֦֦ӽӹӱЬǲ˵
ңûطvعأʹű߰ŸϹӶܿˡ
˵˵ô°طvɿŻĻһ߷룬⼸Լ˼¶ץסСˡҲûææիƹŸԼ˵˺öûչȥ
鿴һƵӶЦˣү˵߶˵˸ңɹġ                        
һշ֣ľҹĹСʹǧţ
ʮ

ʲôĻÿطvöʲô˼, үǰûת˵˭أ
ǲɹˣ鿴ͦ޹ͦίӾ, ԼڼҸճ緹Լù̸¶ĳ׾һĽˡʲôһ, ڳģ϶ʲô¡
Լһ˵ԽԽȷ, ǳ׾סԼʣŸ顣˵ǽھ¥ŸŶ, ˵߱үϸɹĸ, סԺ, ˵һҪյȥ
⻰УҲҲǷŭ, ;˭ҪԼȥ缸Լµڸﳢһ椵ζͷûȥ, Ӧ, ʲô
˰, Ҳʱ, үطvֱ׳ķֻϧû˵Ͷסˡɹ̨Ž, ƨܴ˴ĻǵҪԸԼ
ʲôѻ˵ꡣͼûֱ׳ģŶ
үǸʲôû, ʲô顣˵øдһôɿ۶ġҲ̨һ˵Ժʱطvӭһ£ʱ֪˼ҴŮӲǸˣطvצ
Һ֪֪Ǹʲô׼Ȼ˵¶Ͳûͷûβֻһ仰˵֮ǰȻǰܲ鵽Ķ鵽ˡ
үô֪ʲôʲôӶı㡣طvعҲ֪Լ˵ɵ˭ΪʲôҪԼطvһʱ벻ס
˼ֺѵõĺá鿴ĹĵӣԼС룬˼˸к顣
Ҫ˵Щأ飬ֶ궼ûˣ˵˭ҪѡŮҽġ񲻹ôǱʸ֦ģǽ˴۽硣
⻰һڣںȲطvǾһڲȫ˵ʲô˭û˵ôЩ˭Ҳ֡˺˵ȥ꣬ɲ˵Ļ˵ãЩ䷭ƽ˼ѡ
˵ʲô˵߱ձˮλεĶˡľµֶδֲںܼɣҪк֣ΪľӦطvԹŮ֮ôһֱ֣ǻ͵ʺҲʺ
Ļǻڣطv죬ģүжᡣطvŤͷϿԼˣүһ仰ŲүǱס
˼ֱǸа㻳ɣԼֺαظ˵ôࡣʲôǶٺ˼ҵĹ㱴үҪҪһϸǧ֮Լ͹ģ
⻰˵õûطvܾĶԣɵĶԣһʱ֮ȴ־ֻһԡǶˣЩϢר֪ġ
̫Ҳ̫ɣΪʲô׾ϢһͰɹŸĹ鵽Ҫ֪ǽŽľǣһ·ԺûĶͣƾʲôֶй¶ˡ
ǻ˭ȻȻ§طvӿϣûʱѾˣļҶпܣļҶò׼⡣Ҳ˵طvûܼλʵۣ˵طvԾǴҪı߶͡˲Ź
طvҡҡͷû˵Ȼǲ˸ʮֱԼһ࣬˼ҲƲԼ˼첻ҲûҪԼ˽ûѻ˵⻹ǶףûҪԼϰͦԼԽ˾Խȥʣһˣֻ̫ܺ޹˼ɵİ¶
֪ʲʲôˣҲʡ⼸ԼǾԼϸȫⲻšڿܹ߱ҪԼĵӣһֱһֱŷš
Լλүô¶ع칬ҲĿԴ̫һɿϣڹūŻߵ¶үǾôţ
Żʲôطiع칬ĵúܣò׵ȵɹˣ㶯ôԵסԼء̴úãƬҶմӣôõ¶
Լϴ󶷵øۼһ±ߵֵܲԸⲻԸ⣬Ƕ̬ˡĲ˵ֻҪһŻǮӣ¹ôҲʵʵԼģҪȻʰһŲ
ˣҲ˵˼Щͷϣﺺ˵ľ㲻۸ˡֻߣع칬̫Ǹӣֻ̫ƣԼܻܵô졣
еǺ²Ż´ǧ仹ûߴ״֮䣬֪Ѿ֪ˣŸսĺҲסˡ꣬ϢôȥģŮôʲô֪
ͶŮôҲͷ۵ýԼŮСųñ컹ߡҪŽǱŽȥġûӼʱ򣬺͸˵ˣҪôҪôҪ̫ӵĺԺǲԭ飬ⱲӾӦü޸ˡ
߱ʲôˣôҵֶ֪ˡʱʵƼطvˣõǲֻϧһգλ׵Щ
˵ɣ˼һʰŵ𡣡Ͷ᲻ѵŮ˵ЩʲôˡԼŮӣʵڲСεԼҲԸ˴
꣬⻰Ůֻ԰˵ʲô˵ãŮǴҪģȥһ׵ıСŮɲǶ˼İﻰ̳
ô˵ģطvͰѸ÷ųȥ˶ųȥˣʲôһԭԺͷûʲôջ񣬿˭뵽ԭľȻô
үĻūŵģ㲻١ųȥػʱϵı˵ĸӣֱ֮ǰ̲ס飬Ǹǲ⡣
ɣүͷˡطvԼҪ¶ǲе㲻ص֪Ǳʲôˣȫ
һҹطv˯ͦģȴûȡ˭طvһĽܾܿطvưͿ̧һǸ̨Ů˵߱ոҪ²รˡ
ҲҪԼһطvͲΪˣ֪һ£ȴôҲȵԼᡣֱڶطvͳԺſڣ鵽׻ʲôû˵ϲزסĳطvﻹͦˣҪҸԼװͻݣǸԼԲӬԼ
ϳʱûʲô£ǰҵֵܴǶʱʱԼطvͦڣ˳֮үү˸ͷʵȥĵԼһʰϴȥͬһȥĻûͷԵ׷ʲôϾš
˵˵ɣô¡ʵʲô¿Ѿˣֻû׷׵Ĳ飬鵽׿ﲻֵ֮ҲѿҲһ̨ŮǰĲ֪ߵغʵڲо̧ȥҲûʲôӲϲǣȹһҸͷطv
ʰ꣬²֪Ķҥԣô˵Ӷ¡طv˸ͷҲûŷȻѻʰǺ¹
Ŷϣû뵽طvҪ˵ΪҪƲġһŮ˶ѣûԼҪʲô˵˵Ϊʲôϡ
طv뵽Ҫ˵ڵĻŵеַɼϲòҲû·ˡʰ꣬ǸԺʱӲСƼˣʵǣʵǳѿӲϲ
ֻ˵𣡡俵ֱߵĲյžӳȥˣطvҶ㣬յǰ۵ǺۣʪһƬǱúܡطvߵطK⻰ֱ˹һԼ߸磬IƽʱŲģôǸ
⻰˵ӽĸ˼ҵĹŮ߱ոͣɫ࣬ոǻû壬ú˵Ӷ踣Ǻ£ûó赽һ˹ӵĵزɡ
ƼǸˣʵǳòãŻͦڵġ˶ӣʵǲԸ⡣˵˵ҲͲˣطvЩ첻ߵô룬ϻԽ˵Խô¡
ԼҶò֪˵ʲôãɵԼ׶ӣΪ˸ѶӸɱˣ޲ٸ޺˵ЩʲôϽҹȥ˼
طvԼһʰĿڷ磬ײŮΣ˿϶ǽԼıոˣʵʵͷ¡ȳĵĿһеطKɵ㶵ĸһ˵ֱ쵽ſˣһסԼ߸磬طvпһ䣬磬湻ġ
طK칦ȫǶ߱ջö첻߲Ϊòþ͸ȥʥݸǰ˵⻰׶Ҳġ
ɹĸ񵽵жѿ󰡣߱үԸʥҲԸ̧ȥϰյĺģȵ⻰ٴغԼȻ˴Ůˡ                        
շȻǸҲɵһԺ󣬴һ˰~

ʮһ

ŷӣЩʱ, ľųǶѾˡ˭֪ɹ˸߱, Ҫ߱ոʵǳѿ, ˵߱նŲˡ
꣬ô, ôô, ǿ˵ǽҲ, ֳӶվס, ɫҰ׵һѪɫûС
ԼҵһıԼ߾Ȼķ, ԼѵܳȥȺӵһ粵ɣ
, 𼱡͸뷨ӡͶҲû뵽ߵز, ֮ǰ䵣Ůıߵ, ҲûŮһɳȫҲմԼ˵úоλ̨, Į̨˸λҲʲôʣˡ
鿴űԼòȥİ, ľͲס³߱պúݵĳŮ޽ı衣ϺһֱԼֵ˭©ȥģ˭߱նԼһķ
һ, ǲ߱չģҪ˻ԼЦʱ黹߱Բรķλ˵ýһҲ޿κΡɲһҹ򣬺û湻۵ģ˼Ҳ˵û£ƮƮ仰ͰԼᵽȥ
ͶźĻ͵һӾ͸ˡôĿ֪ӿڳĵԺʲôطǾ߱յĵ̣˵Լͺ˵Ļ˼֪ˣҪȻôн¡
˼һϺ߱ղ׸ӣ˵СС˵󲻴󣬵ôҲܰѶ⼸ԺˣȷͣЩ˵
ͶغŮǰǿӲǽһʱ֮ҲҶ˵֮ԡʵίֻתܻԼȥˡ
ͶؿŮıӰ̾ʳǸµĻʰ治ʡ͵ĵƣûɵãļҸ֪ʲô⾰
طv֪ҲԼڰͶغͺǸʲôˣȻʰ˵Լؼұ˼ȻҲȥٵ·ڵʱطvסطKԼԺԺĴСطKԼ͵ȫץ
طvԼϣõ㲦Ҳǵ㲦ܲץסλֻܿطKԼˡطKԼ߸벻ģһʱ׼ҲʵӦ
Ѹð¶ˣطvȻȻߡ鿴žȻؼҵطvͺ޲ȥһطvĵ˵Ļֱ˳һɿʹ˾ǣûأԼѾȫ˵ˣػūѧģҪøȥ
ôġɱһǧ˰˰ٵ¶鿴Ƕòˣʲôɱа˰˰ϻѹţรԼ
ںˣ˵รߵӵҪ˼ҶѹŮͽ߱ոˡ㿴ģڿǰ˼δŮ̵˭մϣ
үŸջûºȿˮʦﰡطv§סڶԺſϵ飬ߣϵŵǲ֮ѿһۿǰѾɵˮգ֪϶ĵ˽ѵ
źѻǿĵ˲辻ҧгݵʣ㵽ôģô¶˵˵һôˣ
˵ʲôʲô˵ġطvһ¿ˮ̵ӣүƲЩ㰡ģӦø𡣡طvΪ˵ֽкãô£ԼһƬѵס
ͷϣûʲôԣһԹڶ˵߱Ϊ٬ãΪôαشԼˡ
֪ﲻǸֻ뿿ԷӵˣעǲǸλӣҲԼáһӴòڹҲվ˽Ÿôһ֣Ҳ֪ҪڼжáȱľǶӣʲôʱ˭Ҳ˵׼
ʲôطvĻߵĻ˵ġ治үΪʲôôڣүô˵ģүƲֻΪŮǡǷ⼸ôүģ
һαطvʵƿԣǣԼһԺꡣⲻԼỼûʧɡطvԼٺãҲӲֻԼһӡϾںһһҲ̫صŵԡ
ûУҾǣǡ˵ίۿˡһҹû˯߲ףҪû취ҲΪ˽ӽ
һҹ˵ڣҾǲԸóȥ㲻ϲҲСһݺݵģطvܸԼ׳ҲܣҪҸͻݴһĸͲˡ
Խ˵Խѹ޵һ仰˵óҭҭ˵ˡطvŻŻû뵽˸ǿˡ鲻Ǹӵˣ޸Լ֮𶹶ʱ֮٣ģطvҲˡ
ү˵䣬ôˣ¶һɹ̨ҵĸү˵Ƕ̧ˣôԲ˯ˡطv˱ڻһıһĺ壬ַӰһģһ
˵˵ʲô˻㲻үĸȥôոסˣطvֻҪһ뵽ʰҪûԼо;÷šԼòһȫͻݴ󷽵ĸС۶߬ԼϷֵ˶ͺܺá
޵˾ͿطvһһĲ˵ԼҲָǰ̿۳ȥʵò˵ӡڸʰʲôʱŻأ
ͷİɣֲʲô£ɹŵ˵òˣȻ͵үȥˡطvһ㲻ż£Լ˳ԼʰǶԼӲȫ˴¡ԼרǸңǲҪ
أô졣ôһеҲԸ⶯Ͳʵطv䶫
ڸүү㶥šطvΪ˵ЩԣܹҪǣϵġ񲻹һʱ֮գ˾ͺˡ
ã֮ǰܻԥˣүӡطv֪Ļ˵˶ʲôϣҲԼҲбĵһ죬طv͸ظ˵Լÿһֶġ
طvĻ̲סЦû˵أ˼ɹŸ񳤵ó֪ô˵𣬶˵߱պɫҲ֪߸Ǹʲôӡ
ԼúÿҲȷûɫĵزںˣʱɹ˵ܻкҪ˵ʱ򣬾˵Ǻ鳤ûÿʱԼҪô죿ҪȲ˼ңԼඪ˰
طvû뵽ľȻģүԶȥˣ߸һСָȲϡطv׽סԼ½ֵ֣Ҳ˷ľͱ˽䡣
Ҫ˲Ҫǰ̵ɢȥˣǵʹʵһI yinҲʲô¡                        
շȥҽԺȲԹȻ¾һЩ~
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  psף3.8Ůڿֺ~

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֦ȥұүӴϸ޶, ˵˵, ٲ緹ͲҪˡԴӿطvڼұ˼λүǳ׸Լ˴, ͷ黹ʱ䳤˭Ϲ
, Ҫ۾ү˯ɣҲûʲô¶֦治ȥߵү, ֮ǰүæú, ҲЪ, ҪҲŸڡ
ںˣүڼеܾ͵, ǰ˵Ҫ޼޼ԺĻݣܸȴֻ˶, СԺĻݱӼñȹеĻѿ, ڶ츮ﻨͷƼ, ۿ˻˵á
үڶûټ, ˼ˡϲèϱӵʱϲ, ֻݣ޲һֱֻںˣ˴ԺҲУԸڳСԺӣֻֻè
֪ô, үԺɢɹ̫ĻϣҪŷʲĻޣҪϴ衣ĵһֻƽʱƢõòˣǱүֻûҧˡڸĹūרѵģҪȻ̵ˡ
ȥȥģҸĥʱĵضˡҲ֪⼸ԺūŶطvڵùǺ˵˻Ǳġ
κۣһݣһû˵ڵģ̫⡣ʵ̫ӵͷֲòһɲֻ£ôġ
طvʵˣ˯غϣڴϿͷŰǧĴ᣷Լӹ֮󣬾һֱһεѹʹͣЪһʽ³ͻȻȻĶ⡣
ô˵үг̸ˣ֦ͨ뺵ȥûþͰطvӴϸ޶طvɵĴûͷƵߣĶǽϲʲô㡣
鿴Ŵ󹷹һԼЦһƤӵˣĬҲҲƽϣҲܰ߳ȥŤͷһ۰ͰԼˣǸ˸䳡үǵ˰ɡ
䳡ǰԼҪģüͷһԼҪˬʹӦˡר˹ʦԺ߻һ鲻СĿյسϰŪ˱в֮ܿ⣬˵䳡ģġ
ǸԼ˵һ죬ʱطvҵͷȥˣǲУǽǾ͹ȥơԼﻹиṦĸ˵طvǾͦ˼ġ
ô˵ʵʵںԺţǣطvҲΪ¾Ͱôţ֪֮󣬻רŰϵİҪ˹ڹ¡ϾŴ̫ܲò֡
үҪ䳡Ѿǰˡһ˹ȥʱԺߵҲ㲻šƽʱطvҪ˰Ѵ񱧵ԺȥʱطvԺŮҲֱȥǱߣԺ߻ͷһ
䳡ǰԺطvǸ󣬵ҲȫϲⶫԲõʱʮģ÷׮ˡʰãŻв
رãģҾžͱǰԺǴĻáŮ˼ңϻ䳡һ̨ף̨ϰڵĶԺĻݲݣ䳡ŶôӲġ
ЦˣūҲǺģûЩݲݵģūⳡﳾͶ࣬һȥˣûʲôˮ࣬ҲǰԺǰ㻹ľ̨ѹʵ˵Ҳⲻ𳾡
Ӵͦȫ𡣡˵˵طvǲԼԺʵ赶ŪǹǸʲôģŰڳߵһűУ澪ˡ
رүĻūѧӣʲôƤëǲϴطvԺûߴգһټطvϰˣ˻ͦΡ
ŶǲҪԱԣǿֲ´طvǾڸûԼ͸Ҹо
⻰һڣϲ㶼ˡڱոӣ뵽õӡʳдţ͵еʱ䳡ɽǡͻȻԼүȻҡ
ţаǾ԰ɡطvʲô֣ԼǰüΣطvʱûʵͦԼүֲǲᣬôϿˡǱ˾ԼĸҲС
طv˻ϱǲҲû취ƽʱ˫ԺﶼûеıҲطvǽʵƽʱóǹӶֻ࣬ǹⶫգһ˵ȥ
˶ǱǧѶԷ˵뷨ȻҲ˲ʽطvƳһȤȱȱĿţһϻǰ˫
ҪģҲţ˲˵аУϰճ⹦治ǴСİɡطvɫѾ֮ǰβסӣոҪûˣ⵽˭˭Ӯ˵
رүĻūŰС̵ġʵʵشŽԼʦûʲô𣬾źͦġ
ػԾûģطvͷûٶ˵ʲô䳡ҲˣñԵҲԹˣû˸ϵ¶˵죬طvպûǣ־ʹԺˡ
˰ɡطv֪ǹⰲŵģƵҲû󷽵ܰԼŮơֻô취طvϳ߸˱үûԺϺʹǺ¡
⣬Ǳүģʲô˵ʲôˡںԺҪ˵׻լүزأΪ˹ʣ˲Ҳǲū۸ǣƽССĶȥˣūǵһ˲̹˵
һطvԼ˼ͦõ¶һӣҲ˿ǲû˯ãŶƽʱá
ûе£ȥѴ񱧹ɡϵȻ֪ʲô˼Լžֲ̫ԲŸոպүУִʵ̫ˡ˵ү˵̲ȣĻƵùۡ⻰û˵طvҪȻɡ
ȥԺٻѾڶԺˣӣүˣ鷿ءطKյûãҲûȥԺѰˡ
ôʱˣԺʲô£ʱطKңطvȻΪԺʲô£ʪѶͻͼҴҵ鷿
طKŽʲôµߣ˵ʲôζһ˸ԼйȥԼҲΪʲôҪ£ֻϧԼ̫ˡ
˸磬ʲô¶ʺҲ˵һˡ߻ؼұ˼Ժ¶ȫѵطKˡҲû˵Ҹ˰֣طKֻܶͷƤϣ⼸ɹŹԽԽ࣬طKһ쵽ĶûˮĿ϶ڸطv˶ûȥҪȻطKһ˻æ
Ÿ磬ɴæүû˵ʮԹˡϾŴСһ𳤴󣬸첻涼ڣ˵Щϳһ໰û˵ˡ
ٸүү⼸ȶϸˡɹ½½ˣס޻ǳʳǸү֮ûлԹܷܲͬһԺһ׮׮һùʡ
Ҳû˵ʲôŸԺ˶ʲôܵ˵үȥǡʮĶҹߣɹſ֮Ů˵⻰ĵ
ʲôǰֲǳŲȥطK˵Ҫ֮ǰǰ첻߾ͺˣԸͶģԸ˸ǶһԼҲɡǧԼغԺʱһ뵽ǻҧҧŹˡ
үطKӣǸ֮ǰһûʲô¶ֵܼþûˣүԸ˲ˮʲô£̫ѵ˵취
⻰ǷǰطK֤æľͱԹˡȱԹү϶ദȫ֮߰ԼЩӳ֪طKطvԼ˵ģһҪԼסᡣûʲô£Щүʲô°ܵһܰס
طKĻشŲյİүһ£ƽ˾һ˵ĻȴͻȻû˵ˡطKҲûȹеĲ˸ͷʹӰүˡ
ԭ֮ӦԺȥɲ֪ô£طK͵طv
ү㻰أǲԺǱֳʲôˣطvǰ㶵Ͼţ˵ˣܵǰֺеҲûɱһξͰ˸ڻˣԼû彻
߸磬Ҫʰ͸ͷҲԺɡطvô죬طKͻȻ˵ˣҪȥ                        
ȻһҪ

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Ͼ˵Ļطvˣʲôطv˿ת÷ɿ, ϶ǳʲô, Ǵˣ԰洳ϾŸȥϰ˰ϰ˹Ǹ˵, ɱԼϲ
ҪԺ¶һæҲ, Լˣż죿¶ǱҲܸȸԼݸŶǡ
߸, ˵, ûطK⻰˵ҲǺƤ, Ҳ뵽˵߻ԼĿģɵ㶵ǵĲ˵ʲô¡
, ˵ô£⼸첻úõ, ۶ӡطvعëӦûǳطKԼ, ƽʱŸͷϴ϶, 費, ûŹˡ
طKطvʵýͰ˵ϻô˵, ˵ԼͻȻ׹Щ겻ñϰ޵õֱת׻ǵԼϰԼĨƽԼá⻰˵Լﻹֻû, ˵ˣ¸ϰֵܶûˡ
Уү˰ɡ㰡ԸʵʵȥԺ춼¶ĹȥطKһƬվǴ˵طvֱ飬Ҳ˸˾ŲʮСģֻϰˡ
ϰ˰̫ȫȫô͸ż٣طvǴҸ̫ࡣϾʮǺõµͣƫȫ֮£ôһǹɣôȥҪ˼꣬˾Ƿˡ
ϾԺææ⣬˵඼¶Ҫȥ²룬ҲֲӣҲǲԸġ
طvŹطKطKҲ׷ʲôʱԺ˵ԷطKҲϻɩ͵Ժ÷ƺʲôƬ治͵ܵ¡طKζأʱŻ͵ŵĲطvôģȫطK
ϾŰУóƽʱүĿڶЩ͵ǰȥ׻˵Ҫץסһ˵ģҪץסθʵ⻰ǷƨҪǲҸȥ
ʳĵĵȷҲ٣ûʳУĴʦÿ춼ҪЩ˳ԵöЩ˳Ե٣ôһӵʲôԼķܶ˵ΡطKһֱطvһԣȻҲ֪Űϲʲô
磬Ҫ˵治ĵġˮƬϱӰⱲӵĲˣʱľҪζطvԵò࣬طKúܡֲܵ˻飬ƬﻨԾˡ
еóͱˡǰϾطvɴְ˹˼׸磬ԼǺҲԽ˼ȥطvؼұ˼֮طһֱƣû鲻ûǿӦԼ룬ɲߵ߶ľˡ
磬ǿ䣬仹ɰطKﲻʹ죬ûԼڣƾѾȵλˡ÷ƿɲܵϺȵģ󾢶ءطK˼¶ǣͷеˡ
Уɣɻ𡣡ط·ϣطv˵˸ţطοοܵǿˣҲطKǸβӣ⼸겻ԼǶ˵ĶҪԼ˿ˣĲѧԡ
طvǸһˣһŵӾͦЦľƱڱǼľ㣬⼸첻֪ĽƽࡣԼĲԼϾ¿ҲطiҪһһܵܶɾԼ͵úúţ̫ӵߵһ
һٷû̫ãھɹԽԽ࣬طѾŲᶽǶȥˣľͶЩɹˡϾŽûȥԺ컹¶طvŵͰָɢˡ
ôϾź綼ˣΪءطvضԺʱϱ߻»Ҫֵȥģ˵׶ֺˣԼǵù۲С
ЪϢ˵͸æˡطv⻰˵ûͷûβҲʣڴæкԼȥɴҲĲӣɵطvȥˡ
ôð䲻ߵ¶ܻ֪ŵģİүǸطKԽԽ˵طv˼ûԼɲš˼Ǻ£̯ϸ޴־ҵģҲƲϡ
ţˡΪֹԼǰѻʰ꽻ԼĲ°ƯˡԺ̯¶ʲôȵɹһߣԼܹҪعġʰҪģԼϾŴϰ߸
ϰ˲ǲ̫ˡǻʰĶӣʰҪ˭˭һ£ϰѵܵǸˣʰôܸˡ˯ɣ˾˵
طvڸﱧȵ˯ˣطŲʡĵĵܵܺ޲磬ģûҾǺȶˣһ㶼ûطvطKԸȥطֲֵֻܱŻؼҡ
ططK߸ţһ·Ʒ裬˵ٳΪԼûעʱ򣬰۽ǵᶼɾЩʰĸۡڳǣԶҲԶĶȥûֵܾѾߵطKſڡ
үԶūӭӣʮ絽ˣ鷿һ磬ū˵ȥʮүֲáطKûãطҲųˣԭŸô£Ժ˵ûȥҲ˵ûطǸʵӣͲˣطK鷿Ҫ˵Ȼɡ
ط⻰ûٸŵܵܽȥϾźԼ꣬СǺʮһʱ֮࣬¶ط͡طKһʮڵԼһŵþƶ˴룬ԼϰǶԲʮ϶Եɵġ
طKһ·鷿ߣһ·ô˵ô˵òãֱƿ鷿ŵʱﶼҵġ
ӴүˡʮطKֳ˵ģ鷿ūǶ׼ʰЪ£ˡ
ٸģ˵ɣΪʲôôãʲôֱ˵׽ط죬طK֪ôģ󲻹֪ԼôͻȻϰַˡ
Ÿ磬Ҹ׼ǲǾʹԶ˰˸ˡʮߣ˰ԼԴɴһͰػһһϵĻ˳
ҪԶ˰˸硣ֵܼôһ겻ףֻǵԼĸһֱڰ˸ϡʱطKģԼߵҲ˭ƽ˼ٲֶԷ¡طvʰѵˣûԼͰҲʡ
Уô˵ҾˡطʵҲû̫ףϾģ˵ʲôǿöġطKһҪץͷԼͣطԼͦΪ˵ġ
ǣ⵽ʲô˼Ͱ͵ĹߣǵôҲ˵طKҺģط䲻ţҲҪ׼Ŷɡ
˼Ÿ翴Ű죬ʮߡطɴ濪ϲ˵СʱҸƨɺͷϲڰ˸ߣֵô׽ûɡ
⻰û˵ʮǹʵտʼϰҲ򲻵һȥʱʮЩ˵þϰЩġм䲻иԼеͣͣҲߵˡ
ŸŰ˸ֵģҲ㡣ŵøԼԼһ̯֧Ҳ㡣ҹ磬ʹңʮطKһˡ
⻰˵òطKۿطû˵˵˵ֵˣūų˼Сˣ̳Ӿһֱȵҹꡣ
ȵڶ칬ҵʱطKӶţһľҲûֻøϽˮϴ軻·˵ô£
ؾүĻһүͰүнȥˣͲˡ̫һԴźţү鲻λŰĺҲ쵽ˡ   

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طKڹһ·Сܵĵ⣬Ÿͣ½Ъүż, Ⱥȿڲĵȫߵ̫СŮרŵطK, ˱ȥûطKš
ԼүӸǰûù, ЩӦطKӹյҲ̲죬ô°
ʹ, Ҳָܴʲôĵū, ͷһҪľǲܶ졣С̫ôֻû, ү, үүأϽȥɡ
طK⻰ͷ, żʱ򻹲ûûбñӡطKҲ̧ƣʵʵ±, ʰ밲
ԴӰû, طKϳ, ûмĻ, ˿ͻȻټЩ￵ԭطv˵ԺǱôӵͷͨһһͷ, ÿ仰ߣҪ˵ʲô
ɡԼģԼģɵҲֻű¡ﻹ̲ס²ۣ۶СһЩ, Ƕͨ͸һ˶ôӳһ㶼ûء
طKʵվţûôүټ㾭ûУӦøʲôҲ֪˿ûΪѶӣָָطvߣȻ̫ūŰ˵ӹź¡
طKԵԴ£ﻹԭүӵټĴֲð˸һ˼ҪһζĲһ
ǹԺ¶طv磬ѾǰЩûĶ˵һ飬ʵľطK߸˵Ժ˵˵ɣ⼸ʲô¶
һʣطKͷ߳ˡ߻ؼұ˼֮ЩطKûģ˵ʱҲӷܳСʱ˽ÿո̡
ʶطKԺͷһδǶġһԼҪؼˣȻ߾Ųߣ͹˶һҪѵ¶˵һ顣
ָ㷨طKûȻѾϰˡ˴ݵóСֽֽдһѽŰʲô´Թһ顣ﻹиܣһר飬üµǱ˵߾Ͷˡ
һ˶ţʲôԵĵطʱûֵģ̵ʱҲܸһƽ˾ƨûǾ͸ãƽʲôܽģ¾͸ɡ
Դ˿̿طKȻţô˵ôﶼġطKɵĻػͰŵϣ˵Цģ˵˵ɣⷨǴĸǶѧġ⻰ʵطvЧ˵ˡ
ػʰĻʲôǴǶġϰϱӴģؽҲϰ಻õ󣬿ɲͰ⼼õܼϱˡŸϹµ̫˸̣طvξѧˣû뵽õſҲͦá
о仰Ӿ˵ͦԣ̲ͷһҲ͹ˣֻǰ׹ġֻгͷ֪ԼĶòĶúãߵ·ԽԽ˳⻰ܼϺʣطvҲʡ¹ʲôУҪµʱ򣬾͵Ȱ°ãҪȻиƨûС
طvĻ˵ÿطK⣬˶ΪԼģҲӦߵſ˸İ취˭뵽⻹Ǹ˼źԺķء
У֪⸣ǸõģӱôӰɡипⶼԭطvҵĹŮֻŷͷʵȨֻҪʵʵģԼܱһ
û뵽ô˸طvֲö˶ץ÷ġǸŮӣ˵ҲܳһҵʰԼһɵӶѣ˷ˡǵܸطiҲô̫˵ҲԼٲЩ
⻰û֪ҪȻøүһԼүǵɻʵС⻹ûϻʵ۾ԼԼ˸´
ʰ˵ǣѵÿ˵ĻطvҲˡԼһûʰԼģԼ¡
ûˣȻڣ˵˵ԺǱôû£ݵѾˣ֮ǰҲļɹЩˡɵڣܲܰԺͲܰɡ
ΪɹŸǾġĪ˵ĸ͸ĸǺǶڣֵǸŮ캢ô࣬ҲʡطvͰˣǲô˵ҲôԶģ쳼ǽףڵʱ򣬵һгǽĸͷҲʧ񡣡
ţӾ߸˵еطv˵طK֮ǰҲͷ˹ԺϾϯдǡÿﶼлƻᣬʱþᶽЩȥѲ飬ǾǳŹһҲ³ʲôӡ
ȷ˶Ū˵İ취ǿСУͰ˵İ죬ʱජЩ
˵¿ҲûӳԷϰߣطvطKʵʵˡӹطvüûȥԺߣطKȴڰָطv˼١Ϻٴƣǿһ·ٳûˣǶԼá
ͷۣطKֻȥţطv׵ɫͷˬľͰ˷Żȥˡ
طvһԺſڣŷĲӭү߱ػԺŶ˴ˡүɺüûˣ⼸˲ɹˣӶ˾ţǣ
طvϰǽȸ±ߵͷȥﵢˣ㲻˰ɡҸȥͬ㶹֭ըȦҪըжҲطv̫ûü緹ոˡ
ȥ˱ոʰʰϽطvһһߣͻȻʲôƵվסţٸ߸׼緹ˣ˵үߴպϴպϡү˵ɣһӾͰԺһ̯ӸԼˣ浽ҪţҪ
طvһ½һµķԸȥ±ߵūҲæطvߣ첻ܸоֲһЩ⼸˶࣬ԺĻݶˡ
ϾŹǸЩģطvȴòһָϽȥһԺûĻ£òϵĲϡרźطvЦһһӦ£Ժ˵װ벻߱ү
طvæ÷һطKؼҵͷ˯ɲŸո˯ûãϱİ˴Ӵϸ޶ôͻȻѣطKлֻתͷΣҪǶϣĸūңطKһ
ү˯ﴫʥּˣҪ˵ҲףϵİٰһƷҲôʥ費롣طK˵дϲųɵġ
˭֪λүǸϹ⣬ƯִɾӲϣһֱϰ˺ͷǸܵȣʵʲôôûšںòѹˣܲ
ʥּ̫ϴЦһ·Ϳģʶʾ֪϶к¶ⲻϽ͵ˡ
˵ʥּطKȻҲҵ飬öźŴѣϽǰȥȵʥּ֮󣬲ź֪룬үŸմӹʲôүӲܵ˵ⲻ޶
¹ǲ޶Ӱɣʥּݵȷǽ˸˵¶űүϽлɡʥּ˼ž˵طKذµ͸Ӹʾ
ֻǸӣǾоλˡҪ֪⼸ϰǶЩܵǿɶÿءطK˶ͷлϸ˵ݵĺּ̫֮࣬Ϳʼô磬˸ˡ                        

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طv˼⼸죬ҲŲ, ±ץסѱ˵ү˼Ĳϡطv, Ҳ͸ˡϷ˵, ˵ǿصزʣﶼ׼׵û
޵ʼҾ㲻, ֻżҲû˵ҾͻңҲ˵, ֻ˵ⱴոʱľͳſͣ, ò˶þ͵ô߱ճ, ߸ҹҵϢɡ
֣һȥһ, ˵ʲôãȹ˽ڱطvһȥǡٹ, ʵǳ鲻ջȥ, ֻôһˡ
طvͷ, ߿϶ҲŵĹ, ˵ԴԼ޸طvһ쿪ʼұҲűһ߱յĴ, 벻Ͳһ˵¶ˡҲ׼׼ǽһˡ
طv˵˲׼ȥŵ緹뻹ǴȽһˡʵ¶࣬Сʮϴ֮ûȥٲȥ밲ʵ˵ȥ
Ҫ˵, Լ˵Ͻʡĵšɽ黹̲סеطvǾ˵·պңҲҲĵ˼ҡ
ٺҲƫģϱͶӵʲôʱ򶼲һڼ˵ҪŸӣҲ֪ﵽô顣
ôǰ͵˹ſڡ֮ûôˣڹҲǰ⼸칬Ҳ׼ڵˣһһµĶߵߣӭڼϵ
ĸ밲ʵʵõһ밲Ҫ˵˭ϣ治ǳɶ޴󷽵ˣЦҪЦҲҪü˿Ρ
鰡İɡƽʱûЩǵʱ򣬵඼ͰˣרͣԼѻͷһ⡣
ĸĻЩûˣ¶ءҪ˵ЩڹҲû˼أĸ춼ģԼܸأⲻʷϻ
أƫ㣬ǰչȥأϽȥɡƯ˶඼ĸտ㲻ƽ׽ˣ׽ɣ黹治ϰߣܸϽܹȥˡ
мԶڼϻͷ˿ո밲ʱע⵽ˣλ߸ͷβʱֱͦġаˣ˳˳ˮҲ֪߶Զ
߸ҲûǴôаĴŮով͵͵ϸˣ⹬̫ˣ߸ҲûУô߱ջǧˮֻȡһưˡ
߲ŶⱲҳءǲЩϾŸ߶ߵýǺ£ܱȸϰĻʲôûŵǿֻҪԼӲѧǰˣ˵ɶģԼʲô
Ͻ߰ɣ̫Ƕءȥ̫Ƕˣǵ̫ͷҪ͵طǶȥġ׶ˣϰ㶯ûУʵǳҹ˯ţԲážͺģֻҪ̫ͬ͸Ͻ͹ȥ
鲻֪ԼǶѾ˷̲ģһ·ߵ̸ǲҲЩŹŮź˲裬ʲôū׼š
ʱ϶Ҫ³緹ģڳɻûӣûȥû͸˵ʱʱüֶ˿
ԶĽͼ⣬ĺ춹ĳʳըΪִζƽֲͣըĵľ㣬ôӿɲֻô졣ʵԱʳƬҲ뻹ǵϻظȥˡ
˴ӲŤЦúϲ£죬춹ź춹ŨЩɽǲǣūŶסˣϽȥɡڹźһӣһʲôӡ߸˵װ׵ģūš
˲˺ߡǿһУⶼ˻ڴءôôòŽһҿɾˡ
һ·˺½ѬŶԹԵߵϣҲҿɵ۾˼ҶŶԼء
ôˣǲʲô¶ƽʱɲɿʵʵͷţŲµΪʲôʣԼ첻µزµĶϱôġ
ǰطv¶˵˰ɡ뻹Ǵʵطvȷǳ˿ɹŸ񵽵׳ʲôڶûô취ҲûκΣǧ
ңҡһڳŵȶд󰢸ʹҲ˵ܵǣϱúøطvӵġ
һλ˵ýͰ͵ĵģҲ֪˵û˵˵ȥˡǳʵڿȥŤͰ͵ӣĻˣ֪ģҪƽϵͼƽˡ
ĸ޵ʼͻݻǼͻݣܻҪŸү˵ġֻ飬⵵¡ﻹǵߵһʱǺ岻ãԺūܻСźţ֪ﲻϲ¾ǵҲû˵
ûǰǶǱźڵ·ȥźطvģšֻëóŶ͸˵طvˡʱӻСҲֲԼôģֻźʱżüͷƳֶߡ
ûãһطvĸ첲ֻû˶еȥˡ˵ﻰһɲˣôôүǡ߱ӰǰչֻˡӴˣҪĲСԴЯǰߵĸޡ
ɵĻ˵ůͣ˿ָ״̬ƽһ̸ƴڻ緹Ҫ衣ֱҪʱ򣬳ɲס˵һҪ¶
ǱߴϢɹҪǰ߸үףڣظŽŮ컹治ֹλɹŸ񣬱Ҳ˵ŹŮôءԵʱŮӦҲ̫ͷ
ʱ˶֪Щ²ᣬָӲʲô˸ˣôڶ塣ʱɹŸǿ϶Ҫģʱ򲻹ܺ²µģ¶߸ɹŸ񣬵ײ˶ٲ߱˵ǵȻ
鵱ʱ⻰Цװɵֻ˵벻⣬浽һ죬ûˡطvԵۿ¹ȫѡѡ۾ҪֱˡôôѰƽʱֺܰѵˣͻȻ䵹ѣطvˡ
ĶˣôҲһĵҲǼˣǰ˵ĻԼԼ˵⣬ƽɹĺѹԼһͷ
黰طvŲӱͷ˸ֹȥˡùƤģƣǲ̫ؾˣڻǲˡո˼ܾɫ˵㣬ɫ̫ˣȥйԣֲô
үͷأװɣÿͷ滹ӵʱطvĵģһ׽Ƕ챦ͷƯƯҡҲҡõ֮ͺˡ
ŴŤŤȥĻѣطv۾̲סϿÿڸﻹ˯šɴҲﻹкЩѾӵģʹӺһѰ˸§סˡѴɫģҪƯүĸԽԽƯ
꺢֮ļʣĵطûָǰӣƨɺǰô֮ǰһ롣տʼϰҲˣɾͱͽӣʱʱıžͲ֣һå
Уɫͺɫȷſĸءһ¶ûո֣ȴһѰ˸ƿˡ
ЬãȷſϱطvѹŽڴ񣬱˵Ҳ죬ūźഩЬҲ̧̧ţ۶ơ
鿴үҲû˵ֵܷɫɫͲˣϸ˷Ҳǵļܡطv˵һɫ÷͵СѾ߰˼ѳѡȥģѡ˼ʯߵȹӡ
ҪߵױûѹţüĻǵ㾦֮ʣ֮󱾾޵Ƕÿ𣿡
ôϸвÿģطvúÿڹ˭˶ٶ࿴֮ۡطvǰȥˣûãҲǰߵϺϡ˴һ飬û˵
ɵԶ㣬˭ºһ̲סеᡣ沣˭֪ģãҲû뵽ôáǰǹŲˡ
ˣͱȤˣʲô㻹֪ϵǰ㲻档ԼүҪ˽ģԼ͵øͻݴ󷽡Ҫĳ谮飬ɲ͵õݳûʲôģʼҸˣг޳趼ס
ɻûӣȥ̫ǶףڿͷͷһԼһȥһ·ϳ˻ۻȵĿ⵹Ҳûʲôģ󲻹ǻڸ֮УʵʵĿͷ¡
ֻɹ˽䲻ӾôϷ绯黹Ǻ飬ǵһʱͰѶԷϳˡһֱǲǾɹŸ񰡡
˵ǲһ˻ǰš鳤ƯĴʮֳʣֻطvǼһͦģ˵òʲôͷģǲס
һĮ紵ɹĵطû˾ʲôһȣǸȳˡ                        
շǲǺóó˵Ҷ˺~~~~ͦҵСظ
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˵Ӧþ˰ɡ鲻ûʹطv, һ˵û˼ҵ׳ʲô, ˵һÿѿˡƨţһòôصĹŮ, ȡֽк飬ϴͲ, Ϊ˴ǰ̣ǲǷɵ
۹湻ߵİ̲סϷ, ģҪԼλү, ˵˳ˮյȥ, Ļ̭ܰ
⻰ЦЦû˵ʱ˵, ҲǼߣϵȷܶʱһЩ鲻СǺÿÿ, ƾ, Ҳٹٰʮ, Ҷ϶ܳΪʱ, ܿò󡣵Ļزԭ¶ѡ
⻰ٱ˵, СĸĲ㡣û˵ʲôϽѻͷӹȥˡϻ˵ҲӦԣ¿˵̬ȣʵİˡ
ӸСС²ۣȻûʲôע⡣ڽŵʱ򿴹һ, Ҳ߿ϸָܿ߬÷׵ӣܿλ϶ζӳ¡
ʲô첻ԣͷ캣黹һֱĥŰͶ취ɴ֮ɹŸ˻ûԺţͿʼԼµʱ򣬺ķ粵ҲÿվĴȥԺƼΪԼ
ΪԼ˵ʱȴֵνĻᡣʵڲģʲôòҲΪֻǰԼȵ߸ʲôģҲһˡ
̫ڹ˴뱲ӱӣŵĻǼĴԭôɹŸƽʱԹ̫̫ͷʮ㣬һٵԼȥЩճ¡
ﲻôãϸطһѾϰ˵˵ŻͱĳС롣
̫ʵĶЩС£ڱйȥ˵ѵõ档һ·ָǰ;ĵҲˣ˭͢׽֡
̫£źҲŸˣҪ˵˶Ķأԭ̫һƶĿĵòˣʱҲ磬Щµʱ̫ͻȻֱָָͦںͷĺ飬˭ҵϱ
̫һָдɫűˣ¶˭֪ЩһλֵˣǼѻ̫ĺ󹬶˸˵û߱յۣ߱үǶ˹䡣ƾֶЩ
̫һʣ˶˿иϢĹû˵ǺӲͷǹɲĵĻԼȺ߳ڵ£̫ĻūǺ˶زһ̨Ͷ֮Ů˴氢ʵūŵҡ
Ͷţ򶼲࣬ĶﲻǸܸˣһĶĵطҲʱ©ԺӺ翪ʼŰͶعܼңҲ󷽵úܡ̫չɣﵹϲ
̧ͷðƣʲôְЩ꿵ɹԽԽ٣̫֪ʵôģԼҲǻʵҲܲˡһֱæ߶Ҫ޲ร̨ҵĸʣָ嵹ǲ
̫Ļ˵ū䰮Ըūȡ顣С֪ԼǼĺӣܺ߻жٵܵܺãԼһ޶һ̫ʱ⵨ӱһİͶû򣬾ͰԼָ˵ˡ
˵ҪҪ˵֮û˸ҽӻԭֵͦĴһȫ̵ģǰԼ˵̫ȴû˼ȫûϡ
ûϱûϰɣ󲻹껹ѡ㣬ʱԼȥүǶĥһĥû˼ҵĹ𡣵̫ǶɹĸȤˣһˣ̫ҰָطǾͱԼݵģ°¶ˣҲ˽ոԼҶӡ
̫ҲûϺͿĻ˵̫꣬ɫЦģͳûˡʱСС˳ε۴ûԼʺ󿴴̫󲻸ԹֻҵͷԼĹԼӡ
ʱ̫̫ڣʱԼȥǶԷޣҲʱԼһЩĹ¡̫Сʲô˵ȴ׵ġ̫̫ԼĶϣá
̫̫ˣʵֲǸ󹬵ˣЩ֮Դ׵ʱ򣬵ϴûйȥĿͻȻֻ֣ĸо
̫󣿡̫ôֱֱĿź鲻˵źֶˣӣǲˣҪūŷͷЪһЪ
̫⻰Ż˰־ֲܾá̫˵󣬵˿û˸û仰˶֪̫ǲˣ١Ͻ˹ֻ̫
˵ֲã˰ɡ˶һͷŴҳ̲ס²ۣҪ˵أطvԼȥҲֻССֵӦ˶ѡ̫ݣ⻰һǴӴ˿̾ûˡ
û뵽㣬Ĺԭȫֹסķ̫״Լһ鶼ԼǸˡһ㣬ɫʽû˱ǡ
ˣŸ񲻴ͻȥɡ̫˵⻰㲻Ըٿֻʾ١Ͻ¡١ҡҡͷ֪Ǹпһ˿ϧˣЦԲ
ﵱеһһһ޶סֱ۱ϴקĴˡ·ʱ黹̲ס̧ͷһۣոջ󷽵ˣɫҰֱܼ˵
һͬŻ˲һӱɹŵģǴŴɫĹ£СҲˡ˻Ǹȡôֻ֣˵Щ̫ȴϡ
鱻ȥ֮ͷһ˿Ͻ̫˵˺ЩɺĻֱ̫Цģ˲˿
Լô³ˣ⾫Ĵ߸ǸͷˡڹһѴڨһ̶Ъܳʱ鶼ԼѾЦˡ
ɻÿ춼ڱЪˣԽ鲻øųȻ̸ٳطvľڹſڵȵһ˶Žֺ˶١
ѵԼʱǰˣЦսˣСһѲǿطſôôʵطvſֳЩͷ˵Ӧôų
ſڽĶˣִۣطvվԵ˴뻹ܾ͵顣ߣү˵طvҲūŻûѵǳİʰںãɴ౧˾ȥ
ӾӶˡطvŽһ߷Ÿոӣһֵ߽Թ
ǰүɳһûζ˵ɣô졣ſֵܲ٣оһʵûʲô˵ģϰ˴ϳ档ͷĳֱǵطv
ԭıֺͻӵݣܳʲôԭӦóΪɹŸԸύĶǡֻϧ߱ɹŸ¶ʵڴ̫㣬̫ģЩүύõķʽɲǰŮ˼Ҹͣλү˰ɣͶǰɫŮ߱նƲϣԼҵŮԼۣͲˡ
ЩôԼƶ޲Լߵӣطvѧû֣鶺ЦᶼҪˡЦСʣ㲻ҵ˰
ɹŸûյٹ⣬ҲǲСһطvǰ˶ɾˣҲ֪᲻ÿϧ
үŹԺĲ£˵ʰ뿴ұɹЩ˾Զ֮ǸǾءеãʲô߬ǾƱʲôòšطvúܣҪȻһҲߵôᶨ
˵ЩɰٵϸʾˡԼΪԼΪѣίˣԭ˼ˡ治ǿĺöӣ۶ء
²˵طvҲ֪һԹţ磬лûɢүȥòá                        
շҮ

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ȥĶһ˵ȥ棬Ҳ, Ҳ, ݲôסСƨˡԴӳһֱ¸µûͣ, гŵʱҲէһ˵ȥ, ܲ˰
ŵŵ㣬㼱ʲô, ȥѻ, ߸үɲ, ʱ͵ô졣ʵ̫Ư°μʱ¸Զ, طvƼԼ߼ֵͦĶŮǱ˺üۡ
ȥǶൢ¶ȥһٳ, ط˼ҵƻ²Ƕɢˡϴ, ƵطvЦöȡ
ȥ, ֱȥƻᡣÿƻᶼϳ, һҹǰ޽ɰ㣬ûҲ̻, ռеСѾͷʹҲܳƻᣬ˾ᶽسѲֵæͷۻ˶ܸ߸˵Ĺ꿵ʤƻ͸Ǳ껹Ҫʢ֡
ոУƿǰӰӰ´µĻ, ǹ˸Ƶͬȥˡ⵽ȥĶȫǰߵĵƻ𷱻ͻȻƽСͬһӼֱġ
ɡ黰꣬Ҳͣˡطvֵݸ飬Ҫʢװ磬ҪȹڰԼסˡطvڵͷԼȹӣҲ֣ɴֱӾͰ˴ϸ
ôأ۵òˣүҽȥ¡ԼӺ֦ͷҿ鱻αŵһ㶼ߣͦµǰ
ͷˣüĵĻҲοˣϵĺĵԽ֮ͬūߵƵĹ⣬طvʵֱﻹ÷֡
طvֱӽԺ϶¥ֱԺһߴֵͦĶ͸ˡʲôطԺӰô֡
طv˷ƿǱ߿ǰүֵһӣءūŰѸ׼׼ȫ͵ˡ
ָƣȷǰߴӳͷܶϽѣǴȥүƻᡣ
ת߳ͷطvԼ׼ȹǻÿġѶǰĳߴ׼ģ˻ɫؾ͵Щʽʱ˵ġ
ֻѴԼϵױʵ䣬Ѿǽ˷ʱ䣬еĶУɴԼжϵױ˲㱡ۻ˻üëҲͳˡ
ôϵĿ֬ͷطvԼö࣬³ˣѾһߺȲһߵԼ
ÿүĸôŶÿطvս͵һ˸߸˳ţҲʵûסЩ˶ôСԹԼ
طvֱӴӳӳȥ˶ʱ˭ҲûֶˣӢδ޵Сﱻ΢Ѳıү˻ۣòСˣջĿⲻҶ࿴
ү̣ںðճӣͱſڵŵһºͶ㣬үĪ鸧ؿڿװģĳ׺ߴ󷽷ĸϣʵ̲סЦˡ
˶ôͦô¡һ˵ŲϰңҵĶɸ岻ţһھͷ۵ʱ鶼Щûˡ
үרŰ˽йģҲûƻᣬⲻ㡣ˣһҲٶųµſڣֵĵطߡȷþûƻᣬһλû˵ʱһգ۶Ӷˡ
϶ʮ治Сˡɾûˣǹ磬û㲻ˣÿʱ򸻲ǿ϶ҪֵģҲ֪ʲô˼Ȼܰ˸
ЦأһȥԺӣСһ죬һûô£ϾͰҸˡ˵ûˣôϹڸסҲ񻰣ҳ躢ӱ㵥˸ԺӸƽʱš
Щ꣬˻ǲġӾǸѪͣҲ㻹ôȥʵﻰ⻹ƫų˵Щ˰ϲױ̳ﲻ˼
ͱǻ˵ˣҲϡͿһҲϲˡ⻰˵ʵڣ˺úôľôЩ꣬ͷֲˡҪԼҲ۸ȥ
ͷһ۸˺ߵˣЩɵĺһ㶼ԼӵʲôҲЩжѵá
ÿ껨ƻʵͬС죬·̯ϵĻֶӣ鿴Ҳ͹ˡ׼ǰڽŲԽԽ죬ͣʱԽԽ̣Ͻǰ·һ߸ֵĵط
ҹձǻǺӱߣСѾͷĶںӱ߷źӵƣϰҲ֪ʲôʱģֻҪиϼںӱӵƣС򡣷ǳɲĶ־ȥĶ
źüӵƹָطvٲڰۣ˸һȥˡطvͷһظ¶ɵ̨˸˲̫ĵضվţﻹССĺӵƲ֪ô졣
龭㣬ϱӿôӾ翴ҲˡԼĵطvߣִӸūҪ˻ʯúţⶼᣬô찡
ôһ˵Żʯȥˡû˺ӵٻͷ߱վһίֿߵĿԼôǣջúõġ
ո˵ʲôҪүȥĶطvҲ֪˵ģֻҪԼһôһ죬¾ҲܵòС
Ӵ˭˵ҪˣȥĶҵĶô㰡鿴Խ˵ԽίҲʲôӵˣϽ§˵庢һ塣ɶǵˣôС۵İ鱾˵ɣ⻰˵Ҳˡ
үǲô滻ĴҲİɡ˲ƴڻ˵䣬طvҲӸոлˣأջţ
طvô˵һӴոպڵϹԼְѵƷ£ΪǷڵϿֱˣѾƮԶˣҲҲ鿴ܺڵϹµĺʱ򣬸ɴ۵ˣĴ
ոʱūŰΧΧˣҲƼطv뵽ԼĸӴо˽§סһ㶼ñȥ
˴ûйľ¾ôɵվںӱ˵ЩĻҲͦáȵٴӻǺӱҹѾЩˡ
·ƵС̯ҲĿʼ̯ؼҡЩԺСԵģ˵͸߸˻ؼңʣµҲ˷ѣֽҶһָ̯ϰ壬һͦʢҹ
طv߲ˡطv첲ӶϣһҲ·˶ԼơòʶڣڽֲˣǵģʵעĿ
Ҫǲȥ˰ɡطvͻȻոոԼ˵ģ˵пضͳһˡ붼ͳԶѾûûسˣûصˡ˵طvһֱиû˵ڵͷظɴ˳ˮ۳˲źá
飬Ͻȥͳţ˵̽ϻҡң˵ȥûĿĿԼӣҪԱһѣ¶زӷ˻ūвհĵǻҲֻܸϽͳȥˡ
ÿչҪںԺŵµģ긮˳죬ͼӾͶ˼ȵҪݵʱѾЩˡɾܼͻȻҴҵĹүոˣ˵ǹ̵Ȼͻ
һ⻰ˣڵóʲô¶ʱҰ˵ʼҵĳ谮סǰЩӻֵǽ֪ôһת۾ͳô¶
ż˰ѻ˵꣡ױ򶨣ŹܼɫɫŲʲô¡Ȼ˵ŵǱո̫֮󣬷͸ˡ
߱Ҳ̫һһ˭֪ϳ˸߱רḶִ́ϵҪ˻˯˵Ķ˵ȥһ߸ϱԹһ߸Ͻʰӣδ֮ǰԺһֱûѴ컻˾ͳɡ
Nɪû갡ŮڱոúǺ¡ٵʱԽǵ˳谮Ҳٲˣô˵Ǻ¡
طv˵Ҫضͳ治˵˵ѣֱӲֱӽ˸ǻعʱؼң᲻᲻ðһȥô죬ʱǷԷ
£ү˰ѺͬͷסˣûƼʱվɻطv˸ģ֮鿴ɫӵİͶϽطv䣬µȷ˰̫ơ
ڷûԼŮŮƽϣҲˣЪ£ʲô˵Ѿʹ飬֪ŮԼҹĲؼҲֵһǲͬҲûˡ
Ĺ뷿طvҪȥһֱûȥĵطͷ¸ˡ鿴źþûصĵطǸпٻͷЦֱðˮɵǵпֶûˡ                        
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þû, ԼϲϣԼǰϲְĿطv, طvôҲ, ƤյǰѰµıÿ, ү, ʲô
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ƤðƤүС¥طvΪܷΪ, ﱧһգҲε׺üûʱӷĿ֨֨ĿI顣
ҪͨͨһСԺӣ߱үʲôõطûȥֹˣ˾˭붯һʵǹڵģոʱ򲻾ãСȶ۵ġ
طvôһʻһ£˺һøô˵үôֵͷһµġҪ˵ʲô¶ǲѶأǴҶûǻ˵˭̽˲ȥؾĻ᲻۲
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ֱԼ̲סŸֵǣǰһڹȥˡֻ׸ڣδǶãû켸δСӶڣºȾһСľͺȶˡȶ֮Ҳ֪ô£ڹôضûߴǴ뷿ȥˡ
Һ鶨ˣܲ˵ġôƤԺһľơϡָԵصķģ˵ԼòʲôǵˣּڹдЩʫ˵һд˴²ꡣ
Ҿ˵أʱǻû׵ʱһʱͶ˵͵õҲͰˣǴ˼Ҳ͹ҼһȱӰʱҲûطvÿһѾǾҪȥǰԺ͵߰磬뿴δүʲôӡ
˼˵үÿű˵ȾˣÿζҲűҲûСԺšطv¾ͷ߷߲ƽԼ͵Ķˣư˵Ҳȵλˣôû˶µүء
˳֮¹Ҳ͹ˣʱطv߱ͷһ˵õִô˵ҲԲΣܲأоƼƨɺǴβҡѽҡģòˡ
ĶIIءطv˵˵־ͿʼIII·ߣҲǲϧ˰ɸɫܻɯԼҪٲѶ챻IIIˡ
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Ҫطv̿϶̲סˣҲ˲ô࣬ãIII˼볱ǰˣҲûԹIIIҹҲģԼֱطvڵǿҪһ㣬Ҫֳס߰Һŵ졣
ײڼò׻һˣڹ뷿ףǴҲƽǰӺ֦ѹֵֻöԷϽȥ׼ˮ
ôֹһ鷿ǳҵòܿˣӺ֦ʰоֻ֣׿һĹ뷿ȥֻ˸һֵǧһ߳Ƕûôõӹˡ
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ϵСԺǵһŽģôҲͷһأԺŵһֻ۱һֻۣ˭Լֻô˵ӣܲѹɡ
ˡһų׾ѵûĽӹµѣҲʱ߱ϣⲻû취ͷָһˡ˵Լ̰ͼʲôһֱǣ壬װöɵ²ģֻ˵ʱȴǸиһ
Ҹհ£үҪҷǲǡϰҲոԼͷߵβԼȥ˱Ǻ±ԭͦ˵һҪʱɨˣǺƢҲ̲Ҫô죬Ҫôھߣһźˣ
ǣô˵żżˣⲻ㣬źл𡣡һ˵ͷ֤һİͶŮ˷ӦӦֵģܸǼƽϡ
ߣٸһף˭֪˭ʲôءͶˣԼ̫û棬תҸ˵ҿǶʮ˵ˣٹöҪȢϱˣҪôڲ׵ĸһţҾͷҵȥ
ӣôÿĹӣϧϧңûô𤵽ĻҪǮһ˵˾Ҫ¡ֻϧ˸Ҫѵڵûš
Լ۰ǰյķҲɴһ׺һġĸ϶ϼ⣬ߴжûӶüˣ̲סȥԩҡ
Ĵ򿪣ûϨѾԵɹȥˡûµĻǣﱧС̺߽˸ϣûߵߣͱɢеĸסˣ߿䣬ã治ҽȥ
˵ˣôأһֱôԼﶼ𡣸ϲ鲻Ըûְ.β.׹ԹԵĸںڰҹŸȱѡ
ǰҹ˯£طvûôùˡǵͷߣ椳ȥȻ·˶Ŷӡ߱ղһѵȥһˣŨʱȻˮҲŨˣִҲˣڶӿյ˯ţʵ̲ˡ
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Ҳ˰Ҳǣڹûôԣڸˡطv÷ȥ˯ţҲûõȥţӲſ϶ǳŲȥġߣȥƣ˵ʲôԵġ
˯ǾȥҳԵ£֦ҹ˯ϣۺ˯ͦ㣬ӳȥ˶֪طvһﵽ԰Сһȥײ̨ˮСѾߡ
԰⼸һֱѾţԳҲһֱû˻ֻԵľЩסŵùǺСѾͷ첻ˣ᲻ջ𣿡
СѾͷ֪ﱴү͹̻ˣûẓ́ҲûҹҳԵĵӣŴˡôһʣֻ㶵ĵͷ
ջУҰѻԵġѾˣﶫ൫Ǹպù±ģҲֵı¡ϱͬ³ԣⱲԣطvŻˡ
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߸³طvĸ˳֮ҲͳԵȥԼǶ˵³طvΪⱲӳԲԼҸķء
سСѾͷôСڵŵҪԼܲóӿθɳĶҲͳ˾С·ūſ;ŲˣǳԵ㣬طvסĿóԵʱǴ˹ˡ
ΪĸūŲۣʱ۶ӣŵʱڡû뵽ᱻ֣طvһ׼ͣСѾͷ˵ܲòʱǵðѷӸһݸӡ⻰û˵꣬ͱϸˡ
˵طv˱ˣɵһŮŮŵòᣬ⵽ԼҺӰ˱үˣǱүŵ                        
շҲҪڴĩззҪϵգҳϢ

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ĸײưҹڳ͵ԣ⻰˵ĶȥǸЦطvԾǸ첻, Ҳεû˵ڻŮŮ, ֻ¾ϵıԶ˻ʳˡ
, Բ԰ԵһθʱĿҲ֪÷Żǲ÷, طvֻɵɵתͷԼҸ
Ͻ԰ɣٲ涼ˡͳŻͷɵ, ֻûЦ, ٲѶӳԱǸ
ϲ֪ŮŮԼ뿪ܼ֮Եͦ, Ժ·һһֹס֣̾˵ô߱յ, Ǻûǲð
ոŽȥʱֻ߱ԼŮüٵ, ǹ, ˳, ֻ̫, һݳ赭ˣԼŮô, ôܸڱȡ
ˣūԽ˵һ䣬ˡź϶ˣﵣĵסҪū˵ŮһôһҲ͹, Ժ󵽵ʲô˭˵׼ūţǹ̶ˣء
ϵޣЩҲ˼ңϵĹ¡˼һּ޹ȥûֻѡ˽źϣЩڸҹӣ˼СҪʱʱ֮⣬һ㶼Լûʲô
ȥĶˣԺ¶ٻصҪ˯µʱ򣬷Ժ˿˿ľ֪϶ǳȥͦˡ
û£˯ɡȫ˵Ļ˼ӵúһʱ֮˯ȫޡԼȻͶ鲻ǳĻҲͷһθԼ˵
ⱲӾǸؾأӲв̤ˣ޸֮Ҳƽƽ˳˳ôŮԺûټҲǸ޵ôûǵ£һдӻԼ
û˵һ굽ͷķôζҲ֪ԼŮ⻨Žصĳ谮жˡֻ̲סŮĺܲܳá
ˣϽ˯ɣⲻ˯ƫͷëֵ÷˯û˯û¶ùŮˣ㰡ٲǸ·Ϳˣүã˭ݵø治˵ֵõԼɵǲġ
ںڰ￴ԼˣԼúôĻи˶ţүҲԼʱݻְЩ֪֪ˣľˡ
Ĳʲô֪ģ˺裬ʳĻط˯ڶһ磬ײƽʱϤĵطѵľˡϴ֮ǰԺū룬ʵʵϵǰԺһݾͱӵˡ
䵲ģŮǱȥطvӲͷƤߣһӵĸСˣûס˸ãое±ζ
ô׼ôడһӳԵ̫ÿˣԼҲֻװɵװɰ
Ӵǹ̺ѵûؼһˣ⵱Ļܿ㲻ɡûĳæ㣬߱ŮҲӣԼҸЪһ˵Ƕ䡣
ͱ˵ˣ´ٲˡϿŮӲ̾˿Ҳ˲ɩɩڣ˵䡣
˵ĲǣԺӶʲôû˶㻹ܻסһסͺˡϾôһǧ𱦱ñĸλأֻʵЩݵ㣬ء
˵󣬵ĵȴڲסġʵҲףԴطvԼ˺֮˾ǳڣմӹûüģںҪӱĲһ˵Ůף֪Ůء
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˵ǣСˡȴִطvҲ֪Լذ̫çײˡڣҪˣ֪Լꡣ˵ȫ׿˵һ棬үӹطvҲˡ
Ҫ˵Ҫõľflagأ˸ջظûãˡطvߣ±֪ôĺö֪Ͳ˳Ӧֱӻġ
طv֣û£Ŷ°ȥء˵ô˵⻰ܺһ飬浽ĵүӴ߹ʱطvûסĵ˿ֻãѵ
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ǲǾȱ޾ֻóԺúȹһ͸˷ݣûطv˵ôصĻ޵Ķӣ޸̺·ôġӲӲ޲ȥǵؽ粻˶ʼˣô͡
ʰ֪꣬ˡطvڵϲ̧ͷүû˵ĻԼˡܾǰε£үԼ̫֣ԼԸǰѵ¡ûʰҲԼİ꣬Լڰŵöܡ
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ֱ߱ү˵ϢܿطvһȳһջظɢͷһľųǶ¶ڴһҲˣƤ̧λ߱үǸػصҲүرֵͦˣ˵ù˼Ҿˡ
Ҫ˵Ⱥڵ۾ѩأطvѵʵʵڼдķ˼Ӳŵݽ̬ͦãҲǿˣ˼ҵͷطvųȥԺ
͹ǰ⼸죬ʣСûɹŸүգʢǱ߹ֵүǿǵˡԺµԺסаŲĶֻʱҵط
ҵĺøˣٲҾ͵ſڲɡطvյԺſھͱطKŲ֣קһûע⣬ַˡ
ʲôǰ˶ˣأСӼûȥˣûôˣطv֪ԺæطK̲ס䡣
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һ⻰طvͲˣ˵˾ܸ飬úõȥʲôͲСֻûףɹǱߵײ義ǣܵļʲЩүգ˭һûˣò˭´ࡣԼʱ̧Ҳ£ô˭ҲҪ
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ôһԺͳ˴ЭĻҪ֤ЩɹүձھǱƭĵ׿㶼ûˣҪЩƹ̻ǣߵĻˣɲæĽŲմء
طKæҪæŴЩɹĵӳ͢öٺôȥӲ٣˵ǰɹһƬסˣҲûǮˡ
ԼʱطKûʲô˰ǾǸǮװô£˸綼ײĸϾܲ
˼ϻûУżɽľЩɹ˵ҪʲôߴĶھ֪׸٣ɹǱܽܣܲ͢Ѫ
͹¹죬طKûӣⲻֻӲͷƤڸүЩɹү˵ʵ̫ʱһ仰ܾطKһͷֻҧ¡үܹطvɲžһ
ˣˣʲô½˵ȸֵۡݸհطK⼸µĲӷû˵仰еµԱ˵ǿԺиɹŵĸ񲻴ˡ                        
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˵ɹŸٲڶ룬ֻǱ̫Ĩλû˸Ǹ, ɲֻôڲڰײ׵Ľ, ǿɹˣ¸λϹϵ, °ǣԼҹﲻ˵ס
ʲôţ˵, ôֲˡطvĲ죬ϾŵѾֲ, вȥ, ô, үƲȥ
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үȥһ̫ҽԺĸֵ, ɹĿͣˡطvֿ죬ϾŻûӦ˾ӹȥˣ±ߵԱӾܣٶ˵ʲô
ϾŶָͷָطv߸磬ɲص˰طKһɹŸ¶ͷۣ߱ſɺô뷨ϴɾˡԼʲô¶ûţȴ챻λŲšԴӹԼ˱ӾǹɾԼûɹʲô˰ɡ
Ϊ˾ŸרطK檻طK˶Ƥ̧һ£˵ˣԺЩŮ˶һһ٣Ǻ˼ҵŮСطKȥԺЩӶʵʵԺšԼȥ̫ҽһ϶ԼҪˣ
˵˭˭ˣֵܴС󲻹ĸȱŮ˵˰ɣǸòɣҲΪǰȫҪ˰ɡطK治һŮôԼԺûܳģҲûôⰡ
ҶòڣһءطvЦŸܵܰѿ˵Ĳյϣ˭˵׼Ҳ㡣û֮ǰ˭ΪһŮ˲ڵǷϣԹڵ²²˵ôԶֻ˵ԼǼλڵĺ󹬣ûô󾢶ҲΪ˸־˵ز
Уɱˣң⻰˵ãᵹˡôֵ˵ʥҲ߸ϰһɸڸ˵˱ոԺӹñūŻ硣Լ˸ҪõʱԼҸҲӲܣԼһͷö֮طKҲٲ˵ˡ
һԼǰɩǸܸ֪ģǼܲסԼ粻ŵرʰ귣Ϊʲôֵô֪ܲҲߵӴ¶ɵóҪ˵̫ʵҪǻԼֱӰ˴Ӹȥɡ
ֵ໥Ҽ䣬ٶŲɹŵ¶ʱ䵹ǹͦ죬ٽʱ֮ǰԱ̫ҽػˡӵĻ̫ҽȥƹˣ˵Ʋʲôá̫ҽ뿪øһԣɡ
ʲôϽ˵˵ķ޻û䣬طKôʵطvŵܵܳȥȥطKͷ츮Ÿӣܳȥŷסˡ
ɰͶ̨Ը⣬̫ҽ˷ūų̋Ǳߵūȥҩû˰ڰûãҲûֱӸūӳˡԱͲǶԼҰȱԺڷԣƽʵ˱ŸҲûʲôһӳķӶš
طvֽӹӴֵֿݸطKƣɹ̨ǸĳȥطKӹһֽͷβҲզ࣬ⷽӾ̫ƽӣβ˲Ҳҩˣ̫ҽܿӳҪôǲ֢֮ҪôʲôëûС
͸ûϵˣԼղסŮģֺİѹŮȥĸǰȥ湻ùġطK֮ʹ¯ӽȥոɾˣ·˰ϵģԼ˹ܲš
ͷֵ¶˱λɽ¥ȥľԼõģطvطKȥүֻüطԼҵܵܵɵӣ̵ľˡүȰסĺúóԷҪʱ̵ܵʲô
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˸̫ҪԼľӪĳɹÿβܴСǶܷã˼ζᡣԼż˵ЩлҲܱյȥǸʱԼ͸˸ԽԽԶ˰ɡ
ҿɸ˵»ȥܲϵ㣬ԼôġүԳԺȺȲˣҪطvֵǼ٣Щ˵Źʱ˵ˡ
ôϵˣǣ¶ôȫ֪ˡطһطv֪Ҫ˵ʲôǰɶ׵ˣү֮ۡǰүӾͰطӱᶽǶȥˣ϶ҪŵģԼ뵽һ˲ִֻԼӳڹǺ
ǣүǻѣҵ˭㣬ľų˭ʶ׳úһ˵һ˵ʮüûУ˵˾ͲǸֹӵˡѲسǵֻҪôһƣ˭ϲ
͵û·һŵūأѾߴñȱͨ˼С㻹үմһˡҲүûͱȥ¸һ¶档ҪȻҵȲڶ͵ñʰʰ
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ط°Ͳ˵Ҳ˵ǣûץû˭ףЦһµүʵ⼸ûһʵ˵ʵϾ󿴿ֿͻȻӦڸӵİ鳣ֻԼ
ֵ϶в£һҲףһٷòɢ缸˶Ҫţɽ¥Ҳ͸ɢˡϾŸطvߣ쵽Ժſ˲źߺʵĻ˵߸磬ôŰҲȥ
ĸɹǱߵĵ׶źùƵʱ򵽵׸ʹ͸𡣡طvͷͦƿطKͷβű죬ȥ˭ȥ
û˵°طKеͿˣҲû嵽ôģЩɹүء
٣˵ôˣطvͷ֪ôӺ˵𣬡㲻ѾǴĶˣҪʲôǮǲҲʼϵЩƹ̸ˡЩ֪ˣĸ绹ܲ²ǵﵽ״Ǹʲô𡣡
Ծж룬Ͷʥϵʹж֮϶ϵġ˵綼̸ˣ˸ϸһĵˣʱɹǱߵĻܳľͶүԺľǻʰ꣬Ȼʲʲôúãʱ׻
طvĻ˵طKһһ㶵ģǶٷû׳԰˵ĸĵĶ˵ˡطKֻЩ綼ģԼʵ治ǡ
طvûطKɵ˼ӣǰߡû뵽̤Ժ˹˵ɹŸոˡͶرʹ뼴͸ɹȥ
һٷĹ˾ûˣǰ컹ڹﾪ˵ĺˣҪûè壬طvšȥϽ·ȥơҲ˲û˵죬طvطKϽľֻԺȥûָͶһ˵ԺӾͱſڸסˡ
Ͷش˿˲٣㲻ϱʹһݵҲ粽ãֻ˵Ůˮôˣʲô룬ֻ뾡Ůɹȥ                        
շ첻ΪѴңҲΪֻˡл뷽跨ڿİ
  Ϲأۺ~
  ps˵ںˣҲ֪ǲĺˣǻǰѹ򷽷һ£ǺҲûʲôõӡ
  һ֣Ը߼VIPûҳ湺򣬹APP
ڶ֣㿪APPģ񡿡VIP񡿡ҵģȫµѡͿԹ½
֣½ĶҳѡϽǵؼͷҲɹĶ
  ps˵°汾֮ûbugˣҲ֪ǲġ˽ܶࡣ

ʮһ

ô벻ᵽⲽأϳԼԺ, һ·ϲԼ˵ʲôû, صֱ֮ӰԺŸˣ˭Ҳ׼
鿴һŵūѾ, ǿѹĻֻ֣̿밢Ͻ, Ůǻתءû뵽, Ͷػ֮һ仰û˵, ֻ, תͷȥˡ׷ȴôû档
ҹū˷, Լʵûθڱ˯ˡ˭֪ڶϷ͸Ҳû, üͷ´Ž, ȴֹһҹŶȥˡҲǵ, žЩԾ
ŮͶҲǱ, ʱͬ˶زϿһ治ĸͶ˵, йغκϢκζͶزͷɵСӣϿĻʲô˼ҪԼãֻȰ˹, ƺߵʲô̬ơ
Щ±ĺȴһŲ֪ģ˵ͷϺ黹ӲԼֻ̬ȥֻô£ԼʲôҪˣʲô˸֦ҪˣֻҪԼĮȥС
ϧЩ˵ȴûԸ絽磬ܺôź˶ӦֱдʹӵͷͷŸˡԼôʣôƽֵūҲֻǵͷ˵סҲĳ䡣
Ǳô绹ҪԼûʲôˡͶһ죬ûŮǱߴĶﶼġ
Թ˯ˣߵ˵ûźǼСѾҹȥˣȥĶԺ˭Ҳʡ
ˣԼŮҫϻ۵һʱԶѡʱıԺҲ˰ͶزȷΨһҩܱȥ
ҩϿ͹ģһͬĻһ仰ҩ˭ö¡˼ײҪӴҪԼ溣Įȥֻ¶ĸȻҲû׷֮¡
ͶϿһҹԼźõҩʱֻ޲Լһһ˰ˣҩݵߣͶȴͻȻպ͸ӣʧʹˣˣڲõźǣڲı߰Ů
ӱֻԺдֻɨͻȻͷҲ֣̿ķȥǱȡģǴ̨ùȥģԽԽ£ŰͶɫ˫սսҪſȥ
Ͷ̧ۿ˿ŵҪû˵໰ڰ־ȥˡӻţеһ²黹ڣźŰɡ
һ߳Թ˯µĺԭֻЩ˯ЪһЪû뵽һ˯ʹӰɵ϶ûֽͷİ˽סҾûȥҰһϽҸ
˵Ǹɴֻģ鵽һʲôģźô˵ҲڴϵˣֻӦ±Ͻʣķ˳ȥˡ֮ʣµķҲ⵹ˣֻõȵ˲ų˸û˵ĵض˸Ӱʣʣȫˡ
ڴϣˮûŴƣɵȥȵҹҲû˵ʱͻȻһ׵ﲻԾҲǵ˴˿̣ŲòʵԼĺðûԼĮϵĻᣬԼҪˡ
ͨһϣڴϴһֻݺ޲ʱ˲źá֮ʵڲģԼİ꣬Ҳܾ
ԼµҩµõʲôɹźԺȾǸɾҩԼҲѰԺùȥҩܰģǳղŶ겻ԼԼ͵ðһ˭ҿһ
ƾӲǳ´˷ˮôһ죬ʵڳŲסڴֻഭľҲʱԺϾ̫ҽˣͶزƳߣֻ˽Ÿ
Ȼڸ˼ҺԺҩô˲̫ҽйһˣϵ˳ȷûƳë񾩳˭֪̫ǶˣģҲûʲô⡣
̫ҽ뿪̫ƽӸԳԣͶȴ˴ҩӳȥˡԼİ꣬˼ҧڴϣ꣬⼸գÿɺáüûô˵̶һ仰Ҳ˵ö϶
Ҫ˵ǸŮأ֪Ͷؿ϶ҹ尾ͶҲ֪ҪһԼѿ㣬ҪǲЪŰɡͶزۿԼŮֻվűͷһߡ
鿴ʵ̲סЦЦ꣬ŮزȥˡŮֻΰ굽ʱ򣬼ǵðŮȥؽ硣鱾Լģ󲻺ڣ˵ʳӣôݵĵġ
˿̺鿴ſڵİͶأͻȻˣԼ̫ˣǴ˿̻ԼҲһѡͨ˵ͻȻж˾شЦЦðͶҲͣǱ˳
Ͷ֪һۿ¾ǸŮⱲһˣԵȵū˵ʱг˱ʹľ˿ٿ߱պ;űջŻŹʱ򣬸ǰͷûУֻϽŮȥ
ɵԺ˸ɹŸܾܲôڲ׵ľˡǲýطvطKԺſڣֲ˸Ͻȥţ˵ûôҪҪȻǰŲ̫Ƕѵ⣬Ťͷ˾ˣ֪ĻΪǹôˡ
ŵȥһӲŻһĻ֣Ų֪١Ƕūšʰû̫Ƕ͵Щ˽ᡣ
طvطK˰ȥֽȥûʲô򣬳ֻ˵˵ȷˣûʲô©⻰˵Ǿû˵ˣ˷Ѿˣ˵˭ܸ˺˵İƽء
طv͹ֶ԰Ͷ˵Ҫȥ»ҪȻʰּ⣬⼸ʲôֻ˵ܰ쵽ľԶ쵽Ͷ⻰ֱ˵ʥϡطvطK˲ɵģԼ˺֣ɣʵӦҲٶ˵ʲô
ϢڰͶǶһ磬Ժ˭˵ǲ֪Ժ¶࣬ͷһؼŪ׹Ůģǽ˲Ӧֵ㿴ҿ㣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôãɴĺ׸ظҸҸˡ
һ죬طvظʱһ£ں߷ŲûˤԼҴſڡ֪飬˵Ҫʱ䣬ôҲû뵽ⶼҪ˻ûһڶԺſڵˡ
æǲˣطvżϽ˸סˣǲǱѵˣֲʣֻһ߷ߣһñ߹ġ
ûУʰǶãӹҾȥԺˡطvס˿ھ˵ģֿͰ͵Сǲǵүżˣ
ҵﰡ㲻һɿúܣҲû˷ҡ˵ô˵ͷһ»ѰѺҩҪ˵Ǹĵİأ缸طvһ˺ݾģһȳһյĻʱѾ۵ס̫ҽƹֻƤˣͿҩûˣҪȻӰ¶ô졣
طvʵʵſαϣͲ˵Щĺү·õϸߣ;쬵ģŵĵҩζǲԾ㡣
Ƕ֪ҪϽӶסĶžͰĴȵҩͷûĵطꡣʰҲ̫ˣⶼٻûɢ
һ˵ĺݣطvûס뵽£Խľʹ˸¡۰㡣ΪԼˣϽָЩ
⻰ү˵˵͵ˣɱȥ˵ȥ˵¶ʥԼ׶ӣһҲ¡ˣǽʰҩɡ
һߵжؿԼҲطvʱȫͰҩԼˣ˵ǻʰר̫ҽԺԺȥҪġ
֪ˣΪɵҲֻԹ䣬˵׵ԼҲϱԼ˱߳ĲԼءˣ˰·ɡ˰½ڣһһطvôŰӣɱٶˡ
طvҰѴҲϵӣתһѰסôүطvŸˣ˲֣˶ǰҲ붯
Ǹδ󹷹ûƿһ飬ôˣ鸧İҪû¿϶ӡ
طvֻ֪̾ɹǸˡ                        
շһڿ˵Ƕ´˰~~

ʮ

ҽڼҪеûžĸǺȾȥ, ̫డǰǿټɹŸү, ЩǶŵæ˸ǺطvطK, ϻʱǰŴ˯ˣЬ඼ġ
ɹŻһֱæԺ¶, ǰҪ̽ڸطvö̰֮ڼҲûȥ, ǵ޲ιźá, ȥ, Ҫ˵ҹȥ밲
ҪȥƴǺӺЩû, Ƕʶˡ˵С£ʵҲˡƽʱõʱ, Ϲ밲ʱᱧźһ, öԼ˲, Լһ㶼СӼԶ, طvʱûȥƹʱӶʶˡ
, ģǺӸءӲԴԼȥƴ¶طvҲʵϲǺӣôСӼԼһЦģŶˡ
, Ҫ㻹Ǹһȥɣһڸû֪ﲻþԺĲԼûãػصŪôֱŪŮİͶظ̼ˣǲþʱ
ֲӰңⶼʲôʱˣٲȥﶼõżˡطv߶ɴߣģұ֤ڸúõĶҲȥӰ˰ɡ
鱻һ·ƤģҪЦˣúúãˣҷô˵Ҳ治ٶ˵䣬³ˡطvվſڿͦãֱת˱үȥɽ¥
Դ֪ɽ¥ԼҸĲҵطvû¹ͳԷֵ֮Сãʮ߰˴ζɽ¥ȥ˵ҪطK˾Ѿڳȥüˡ
طKҲûţЩɹүڻʰǶʹͣ⼸ͣţǶԼɲҲŶүľˣ֪Ҫҡ
߸磬ɹģһΪءطKɽ¥ʱطvѾ⣬ɹ˶࣬ɹſζĳóɽ¥õòˡⲻ߳ձ⣬ͰóԵĵضˡ
ôʲôû׺áطvŲ˵Լǵ˲ŹģôԼźȾƣǶģʵǲԼܾԼ⼸첻ԾԼҲе㲻ԣԼ¸˳ȥ˵˾ǸԼϾˡ
нˣطK˸±߳Աʣ˵ĳ⴮ͦ󣬵ܲסοӿ⣬ʵǺóԡ
ţ׸ո˵ģҪ²˭ɽ¥˲ɹʳͣµȻҲ̽˲Ϣչڣɽ¥ٲȻһϢļɢء
ļƤɽ͵ɽ¥кڳǶҸŶУɹǱ˭ҪҲɽ¥ڣ¹˭үҲļ͵ŷūҲУһߣ˵ŶٻȻʵģô˭˭˭ƭ˭ͶĵӾ͸ɽ¥ûϵˡ
ʮֵɽ¥ҲʮֵܻӭŵǼͿ׬˸ͬʱҲѸô̽Ϣȫ̽ˡ
طKһҪԼ£Ϳһ£ǰ˸ɡͶһѱһҪ䣬ɹţ±үǶүӵͦʹ͵ͷˡֻǿ죬ôôණйײ˵߾ء
ӦþˣүǸˣúܡطv˵⻰ʱıĲضûء˵ʰ׼˰ͶɹţͲҲûʸٽˡǼͶǵҺùײѣԸԼɹŴ鱦Ƥӵͷ˭ҲԸմߣͬϿйϵŪ˸ùײĸû
ɼȥɹŸϯϣ֪˭˵©죬˵ǰͶ¶ˣѡ˸ӹ̻ȥ
ǰôˣôĻϾźԼɳȥˣ˭ʱô˵ˣȱľɹŻ˭ʱͶһѣʲô⡣
ϰû棬õǹ±ߵӣ缸кͶصͦ󷽣߹µĵɽ¥ʵġҲΪȺ˳򣬸óˣ˼Ųס
ǣǰ˸ͼʲôʱͶأͷ˰ǰֵܼߣȫҵȥ˸ۻˡ
ڰͶسǰ߾ͰѾ̴ˣҪͶﵽжٶܱһͰߴߵԼ˸˼δҲ̫ˡ
ЩɹүǰѰͶⲻ£ϰӲͶصģ˿ġطvƽʱֻԶԼܵܣû뵽طTʱ򱳺ͱԼһүڰͶǶ׬˶飬Լ˶Ķˣһп湻ġ
ҲΪϢطvһʱ֮ͻȻŤˣε¶ûԼҲбˣӰͶطҪкŮʼѾΪˣֻ˭ѡ˭עҪģݲٳһ
ǻʰǶܷŹ˸𡣡Щ²˹ֻлʰ벻֪ûлʰ֪ܲ¶طKԼ֮ĵҲ֪Լܾð˸ȫԼЩСҲ϶֪룬ҲǻʰøԼƽ϶ѡ
ġʰûչǡϰֻòռˣϴǶǽʵʵɹǱ߹ˣ˵ɹŸմӹкüүֱֱһ㶼ûˡ
ü̫ûȥ³ˣƫɹǱֻǿߣϴÿھɹǱߺЩүֱֻһ涼û̫ӡʰû±ȺСģϱԽԽ֣ſϷɡ
˵£ֵڴһߺȲһ߳ƪطKͻȻԼԼ˵ģ߸磬ҿ˵˰ҪλˣⲻֵܼԸ
Ҫ˵Ͼ˸ͷأ⻰Ǹ˵طvһ߹ȥٸүߣͱɽ¥ˡطvҲˣСʮ˲С£ɹŵ¸飬ʥּ͸ˡ
Ϊطvܲȥ̸ͲȥܻܵСҪλԭ岻۵̸ɲԼŲ£ʱȥǺܿҪл
鰡߸ؿѵ˰ɡطKҲĿϵĽӡ͵ûһ£˵ʵڵģ֮߸϶ҪعȥģԺҲԸûˮ˵¶࣬㲻þһɧ˭ܵ˰
Ҫ˵ʲôϽ˵ơǣտʼϾžӲԼ鷳ʱ䳤ܵ˵첻߰ɣĻǲҪƶˣ˻ͦͷΣҪϰŲֶΣôܰ˺ôá
Ҿ˵ؿ˲ٻ϶׬һʴġҰɣЩԺҲǳ԰׷ģ·ҴˣʱԼ̶ɹšëǱȥǲ׬ø𡣡
طKϱ߿һ죬֮ǰطTǾͻҵϵˡطKԼҲĥˣԡ˵̼һûϢˣ˭ҲСƲǡ
˵˵ȥطKȻ˼ȫ̼һϣطvֱֲӴѹֻȵͷӦҶûȤﶼɩ̯ӣʱҸʱȥǶõø˵
ϣҲǲУطK漴ӦǸ²ܰˡ           
ʮ

ǲ֪ԼǺԼͳ˵ģ֮һոڼĥĥ, һ·˺üٿЩ
ǳɳӵ, һɾūźϴϴͷǰŽһµȫϴɾˡǺ, ˵Ӳʡϱ͸ûУҲЩûˡ
, Ҿ˵һ·ϴ磬ԭǶ߶ء˵, ˻ûż, ȵˡ
ǵ, ôأƤһЦ, ԴСʮ֮󣬳ɾû, Ҳû, ͱòͷˡ
ػطvʱ, ʱطv, ҲСֻ޲˱ڻﲻ, һûӾûˡһգ۾͹ˣǵôģֻ֪ӵױԼסˡ
ĶϱⲻרŶ￪ˡؽ˲ٶϱڸ׼һЩС, 붼÷գ⼸²廨ϱԼ֡СʮһһʱҲеġ
Ůû׵ʱһֱỤ̊ǲôõó̼֡ǵٳûãԼﻹѹԼɰ˵ǱĲᶼܴպϣܲүǳĺɰūģȥ񻰡ôţҲֻѧԧɰأ⼸طvĺɰȥʽ
ùƸ˵úܣԼϱʲôԼܰ·ŷôϸܣ˵ѾʮѵˡΪɩӻӾ͹æˣ·ɲܺ˱ġ
⻰һ黹һ£ӰʹǶԼģҪԶֵĵضٵúܡ鿴Լ˶ӤŶڰԼĻôࡣ뵽Сʮ·ĲΪֺš
ģӰʹǶϱ϶ٲˡͷϽ¸ӦҪ˵أԼطvǶôŪɶͦãڻûôأֵľͻˡ
ˣ˵ˣѵýɣȻ°ΰƫλйҹ񫡣ϽŮˣг޳ӶùͷһŽıǼįȥܳĹƽЩʲôҲӲϼӵ¶
ǸãϱŶһ׼䲻ӡһëҲǴϱӴģǾǮܻ˳ˣ͵˶Уɾһ㲻ˡ˽¸طvҶϹ棬ҲܳԿ
߸ӴţӮǮءԼϱһɱ˭ǰסڹʱϲԣɽϾءģƫλòš
Ҳǣչ½أǹҲ˶ϱعڶûü׼ʵǲӦáϽǼ򵥵¶߽׵жлٶνʱһһ¾ûҲǳе¡
СǾֻʡԼõĹô࣬Ҫū̫࣬Ҫ׼ͳȥСǮһܳһģ뷨ԼѣôʲôǮ
ô˵ЦҡҡͷʥϿ̸ֹƫǶҲһڹⰡͺúõĹϵŹ⻰˵ί񣬵黹ˡһֱӣ˵źˣҲŰ˿̸ǾֻƫλС˿ˡ
ʵ´ӻСʮ˵ʱ𣬳Ѿ׼ڹﶼ˵õ±үĶ裬ôжгءүܰٵĵǺ޹˼ɵ̸ȥǸԼ˶Ķ䡣
¶鿴ֱúӻ谮ҪôһֱпܶһЩʱաСʮˣʮطvôѾ˵ֳʮ볤ԶţҲ֮ǰǱʱ
ܲ˿˳ɻʥϵĶ䣬Լһʥ϶µӣٶĻҲû˵ֻܸųɸ͡
طvߺúùò治ʱԼǱӣܺúõġطvܺúõСʮܺúó¡Ͼʮ˳һطvٲǹﲻ۵Сˡ
ϱѺý˹ˣԹ緹ɴζЪֱӾͰƾָˡ̸ƫסҲ࣬йľͦܿ谮ĳ³ںӦ˶ǺŮ֮ǰһֱ޴ˣس˿ۣҲ͸żȮˡ
С͸࣬һǸͬһŮֻڶطvλ³ڱѡϽ˹Ȼͬ·
Щūźù밲٣ʵӾͺˣ̸ֶˡ³Ǹ˶࣬Լˣ⽿ģʵǸλе񣬹ֲ˿ۡ
̸͹ֵˣ˭żЩڴӦܳҲûãүֳ˭Ҫ˭ˣԸ񲻹ĸóˣ˽ôøۼһһλǰʵøƵġ
˼ϣЩŵĻȫҶȨû³ڱСңӿɲҡǸԼһ˼ҲǿˣϻҲֻܲɫȥ
СƢʲôû˵ڹǲɣϾǶӵĸűո£͸˲ܲ۸
ϴ粽ãҲǸˣûȦöľȻС˵Ƕľ֣ڿǶó裬СҲ˳ţûƵ¶Ǻþûй
СᣬûźϾЩˣ³Ӧ˶ɫ˵Ȼ˲Ҹµˡ˵ʥǱ߻ԼȥޣΪƨ¡
ɻûô˵־ͽˡˣʥּġ̫ʥּĻᣬҪôǷҪôж䣬̸ʥּýָͷ붼֪Ϊʲô
ųɹȫһϲʥּǰȰѳɸӸպÿɱˣĺӣūϲˡ
ճʥּžˣǿʹõģǰҲ̲סЦøˡ˸ɰȫͳȥִЦǿȴҪԼƨС˵˵Ļ
ֻʥּ붬˺߹ڵ¶Ŷˣ϶õȥˣ̫֮߱·ϣҲæģвЪЪ
ֿʼĶӣǷǶ࣬﹬Ķ߱աԭΪСʮ֮үǶûλ˵ҪϵȥҲطvķͷˣû뵽Ȼʥּˡһôñܱܷͷۡ
ģϱȥ͸˵˵ٽУھͽ׵һҪ͵ٵ͵ͷ֣Ӧ£ûٶܿͳȥˡ
֮ͣڸſڣþҲӵϢæϻؼҵطvˣﶼ˵Щع칬Ǳߵۡ
ǳ˵ģطvҲͲټ֣˸֮רŶŷӵģһŲӦɶһλʵ˲ֹһǰ㡣ԼҶλԼֵ߱øմ⡣
Ƕ˵ҪЪЪ𣬸ɴȥ԰סһסɣʱȹǰٻСܽһֱŶ˵ĻϳԹԺʳСͻȻһһҪ԰סȥ
Ǹôأȥ˳͵һ¾ͰԼֱӴ䵽ȥ
϶ȥôţһǽһˣ˵˵£֮ʰʰȥ԰ȥطv±߸ô죬ҲҲˣԺתȦʳë¿ĥûúܣк£ɴͺ³˫طvƲһۣһ˲㿸˾ȥˡ                        
շôϸأˣⶼİ
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¾ޡСطе㺩vǸ˵ڶ֮Ҫ԰ȥҪȥǽ԰ɢҲ˵߾ߵ¶, طv͵԰֮˹ȥʰ, Ҫȫһȥǲٶôϡ
޴Ǳû, ܸһȥСǲôã˵缸촭ַ֢, ˼ٻؼЪ졣ֱܼǸаã˼ϸϻ۹, Ȼֻ, ֪Ϊξǻǰ˵С
ȥ, үؾǹȥɢĵģܸȥûطɹһطvԺһ̯»˹, ֻطKǶβ޲˵, ޲˵˵׵, ҷҲû, ǰ˸Ǻ, Ͳүء
Уʱٷһ, ˸ｿӳţٲҪǸϲģԴӽ˱ո֮żūүǶֻ޲ڵʱֻӲôƵ, ˵̫ˣڸż˵̫Сӡ
ţ㿴Ű졣طvЩﱧŴ񣬡м»ǵͷԺǱ˻̫ˣʰæðѺ͵ʲôӡ
ȥ԰ȼ٣ܲ񣬴˴ܲܰ¡߱ԼϲĺüŲŲ˳ȥŷŷҲǺ¡
һոĸźūֻô࣬ҪʼʰæûضŴǱҪʰĸ࣬æȥľźӣɲͰ͵Ժˡ
ʲôֱ˵ʲôءطvźվһŲһ°·ź۰Ͱ͵Ŀ飬ģСײˡ
٣ʵûʲôҪʰɡطvͷɰͰ»ʲôû˵ɴ౧źӶ㵽ӰǱȥˡıӰҲû˵ʲôѵõû˽ס̨ס
Ӱ´ϲ¶ץֱץһоΪطv˹أӰСô󰢸ץסģȫС
ôһСһӾͦȤطvѴ񱧹ߣСһ¾ץѾӲţӰڲ´Ƕˣ±ץס˽ѾӣϽ˵ڴһ
СӵֵĶôֲ֣߬ŲšⱲӻҲģץŽҲˣͳطvҪ
طvŴƲҪ޵ӸϽ˱СħצĴӶ˴룬صԼҰ껳રા͵ˡ˵ŮǰСްСް޳ɵҲֻۣдŶֵСЦûͦá
һӾ͹ڵģֱܰݶˡԺǱ߶ʰöҲ͹˴ˡⱧźӹȥﰡӰô֡طv֪ӿ϶ȥˣոոǸھӴ޲ôСС˯ڸڣǧ
û£ءطv벻ЩСﻹʲôޣҪź챻ֱʲôܸɣʲô˯ɣһˣ컹óȥء
ϴطv§˾ɣַ֮ȥ˯ţʵڿȥˣոյҪ˵ʲôҲˣֱҲû㣬ڵϹģ㻹˵ٲ˵ҿ˯˰
˵˵˵˵߾ǲ˵طv̿ˮĬͷҲһͷһһŻȥһѻһͺİͶû
ڴԺͦãҪϵķ̧һ̧ȻѴǵȥ˳ˡ˵ҵΪģͷһֱҪòõģȴˣǶá
ȫȥ԰סԺиҲҪҪϡǱ߾һֱôȶúõģһ˵ҪҪȥ԰ɢģ˵ֺͿˡģطvɲô뺼¡
°֧֧ôãҾôСĶµˣǲȷ̧ǲรѡ
˵Сүɲɡطv˿˵Ŵ񣬵ʵѴ뺼ǵ²Ÿأӻ࣬ʵûҪԺǱ߼ǣġ
طvȻϲ񣬵⻹Ƿֵ壬ǵӣܾЩ˵޳裬ôǸնĳȴҪ˵˼ҵʱ̧ɲรҲȫˡ
ģ֪ôģҲûҾǹ㿴ʲôʱ˵治ǱŤһģһ㣬˵ҪѸλ߱յӲС
ƣү˵ɣ˵˵˵ַ˵˵ҪҡطvҲҶﲻס֪Ͳˡ
㰡͸װɡطv˵ӰĶˣָĶҲûˣˣҲᡣ˵Ҳãȥ԰Ҿ˰ǱߵūŲ룬Ҳ
˵طvͲԸϵ¶ԼҸ˵ʲôɴ౧˶ס죬ֱҪ˯ˣССʣһʲôʱ
˯Ժ⻰ʵ̲סһЦ˳˯˯˯ȥ԰˰ŵЦʵطvʵʵԼ¶˵һԼһŤûˡ⺩Լȥɡ
˵˺Ժ¶һҹĹźѾ߾Ͷ֮ʲô֮ǰһˣūôűүôء
طvȥ䣬һźͷһĵذԡүҪ˵ʲô£ʵūŵҲµˣ˵ոǾһݺԺô˵ģҪ˵̧¶˵ǲˡ
Ϲ˰ɣܸ˵𡣡Ǹϻ۵Ĺ˵зִҲ˳֣һ·ԼӶͳ޵ȥִӹﵽ˱ոⶼˣǵϻǲϡÿһʾ˵ӰţԼʱ氲Ŵô죬ֲ˵顣
һҪԼ˼ҵ¶漴ҲԣӵݸһԵ÷ɴȥˡȥʱײطvطv֪ƽͦϲ⼸ѾߣŻҲûѵ⣬ô°˼ˡ
ûУ˵ǵ¡鱾˳ףɼܲסֺͺֶ˵ѾͲСˣȥ˼ңһ浢ˣ˵ò
ǸżǰҲˣ֪˭òáҪ˵ȥ԰ӣʱƵĹ۵ĹºƹĶŪôЩƵϵġ
طvǼС£ЩūŵĴ඼һӹӣҪгȥıûԸ⡣䶼˵ȢūȢСұ̣Ҳһģ߸ǰźúúõĴѾߣôϸ˾ͰԼء
Ҳǰģϲ߼ﶼõšطv˵ҲеɴͰӸˡ
Ƕ˵һɵ꣬⻰ûǰ˶ؾȻ벻סطv£ûεױֳ̨Դױиӡ
Ǿû뵽˭ɵˣ˵˭أ˵¶ԼȥҲȥˡȷˣֻûкģûԼϵˣһҪͶϲСԼˣ˼ֲԼӵǸصصıˣҲûԼôװģԼиûӰˣѱѡѡġ
õõãҲ˵ˣ˵˻үȥƳ׼ûϽİطv֪Լ϶˵ģƨɻûִڳȥˡ
ȥ԰ϵ˲٣Ҳͦһ·ȥ۵úܣһӻûضأ֪ľͶ֪߱Ÿˡ            

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ʱˣУүʱͷ̫ʢ, ֱϱ, ˳ͷ񡣡ߵƲֵﻹԼ, үǶŴģĵܵʲô¶, үܻһʱñϸȺֵܵ
㰡Լ, Ƕ, Ǹʶҳ¡үطпղı, Ͳϴеࣿ
ط֮ǰᶽǶһֱûرֱҲȥ, ԸھᶽȻţҲȻرǿ˵°, ˵Ҿͷۡ
ϰǻ, 񲻹ô, ҲǸϴߵýϾһֱϰƨɺ, Ȼֵܰܶ£ȥԼһֱǿеĶϾۿҪԼĴ, ϴǶְ˼Լˡ
𼱣¶߲ǶҪзӣɴҲȥٻүۺطv½ڻһһæ, ҪԼ߲͸ŵ߶ˡϴ£طҲ׷ȥ¶ȫҪ׷ȥʰҲܸɿš
ҲаǸð취ҽȥʰȥطһҲǣǲ𻹶㲻̫ӺϴɱۣҪѶԷקԼλӣαظǽ͡񶼻ˣɴһȥ͵ɢ̥
үүųȥطvһ㲻֪ԼھϾҪԼġͷ쵽԰ҪҪʰ¶۵ùǺֱ˯һݵģڶ˲žŻЩ
үɢĵģ۵İ쵽ˣطvڴŲ԰붼Ƿµϱ԰ֵĹ죬סػøǽһطvūŰͨԺĻȫƮˡ
ػúǺãǶö̿𰡡ë̺ڷ¶̨ŵı߱ϴ磬ˬʣٵȸƣôŴǵö˲ɡ
û£԰һҾǶˣ¶е춳㡣طvİԴϴ滨ľ񻨴ɵĳЦǳôãүŽˡ
֪үĻ־СŮҲĺȲǡطvž֮һֱûҪ̫ô˶ƫƫɲîžǰ˲˳¡
˻ںүЦͦ¡úȹ¶̨Ųյֱ͸ŮͼһģطvIϷһˣɿþ᲻ˡ
ɲǣͿۼұүˡתͷһɵģ̲ס붺Ūһ˵һֱ߰ߵǱ߽˦˦ƵطvƿӾҪ塣
үүˣߵءֻϧطv´ʰʰԼĸӾô߽ˡ˶ǹطvػģܲߵţӸϽźЬ࣬Ͱ˸Ƴȥ
Ѿ԰ûھǰطvֻ˼ɫĳϵ˫ǧף겻ѵ֧ܶû˵⣬˶ɳһЦˡү鲻
ţȫ֪ˡطvָҲûûС˵˵ɣǰ׼ôˡ԰Ҳɵ棬缸ϾŸԼ˵ĻطvⲻҸͷѶʱ֮ù
үūŰİ櫍ͤǱū˰ʫðĶðˣʱ򼸸϶׵ͷһνӵԼĻǰ︣ðд͵ǲСҲɿˡⲻյضͶ׼ȫˡ
ʫᰡУүġطvһʫͿһ£ɵǵһݲ£Ҳ˵ʲôֻȺСʲôáﻹǰλزζ
Ҫ˵洫ľͲأ缸˵Ҳ鷿ѧģЩЩʦֵ¾ûûѧģʫʸ踳طvһǰļԣԼˣûǧţЦ
ôֵҲһڣˮƽҲǸͰˮһſţκ²ˡֵϲ˵ĸûƹЦ¿ɺãԼЦƵò٣ֵԼͷ
ӣūǱҲ׼׵ˣʱֻҪãκȥػĺѾ˲ٵ룬ԴȥұҲطvһ֮طvͰ˴˻
뵽ûѧأڱոЩӾԲӦȥطvȰ͵ׯϸɻһ߸ɻһ߸µѧأ԰ӾͰ͵ˡ
ţŪ㣬ʱС˼Ÿط԰ӴŸݳԼ߾ͰŸСĺһ߾ǻʰĳ԰˵Լռ˱ˡ
ӷġûԼ컯ѧͷЩ֮⣬ӸǰȼֱϵµĲ͸Լ˵ҪôõӾܸˡ
У԰ûôأҲЩȥЪŰɡ¶طvҲûˣﻹĥ˾ôƯ˶˷˽ӡ
ϧٲèһص䣬ѾˡǸأطv˸ץӸεĲˣûʰ̴֦ˡ
үӺȥ޸Ƕȥˣ˻ȵȣһͻá˾ǹߵģ˸ǹҲܲס˼ҴԸϹطvɴĶȥҲ¶̨ϣŰĲˮ˻
طvȥĿյȥǱߣǶֻŴûֻñŴˣ˺һŰ˵ȻǸȥˣһͷ
ظĻūԺӺһƬغõ֣ūȥȦһ̴úܣŸڰʶǸȫһǸǰС˵ֲСڵŮ
Ǻ°ܲã԰ط󣬸Ҳѧܡ£һǿûʰ׵Ͼи񣬴ܴպСɲС
һ֮ǰԼطvˣǸ˵һһٴǱūŹӽǱոˡ뺣Ҳϱ²⣬ǵͷС
ķһ뼶үҲ˵˵ȹҸʱ򣬾ͰѴ뺼ǵĻֱϲѶϲ˴֪Ҫĵĵط̫ˣԼÿ·ӶܶЩҲܶЩױǡ
ЦøˣҲġԼǴ˶˷ɷ򣬱ֻڱĵط롣úãԼҲˡ
檴ͦãǻѵݲϵˣһĻͦθڣһطvյһһСүҲͷһ˵˻
Ǹϸˣϸĵض˰Ҳڱ𴦣˿̣֪߱ǲôԼ׼ʫġطvû֮ǰѾֻû˵ˣԼ٣ҲߵúܣСɫƤͦ׳µ˵Ѿ˲ˣʱֱڵһҹҲˡ
ܲǸݵˣЩ֪ԼòˣԿԼǰ߼룬ҧҧ׷ȥʣԼǶòá
û뵽үԼԼԴûүʲôԣɱôһ˵ҲˡүСҲСʵҲЩûʲô飬ʶֶ࣬˵ҵʫᣬʫҪ׼ʲôⶼһĨڰ
ûҲ֪ǰʫᣬֻܾҪ׼ֽʣĶ˵벻֪Ķð죬ǸðʲôҲҾֻЩĶѵôĺǲ˵ɢĵ𣬲ȥκҲ
ԭ˰ö࣬طvһ˵Ҫдͣſ϶Ҫ̸¡ʫ᱾Ǹǲд˵ٺòˡȴԼһֻ֪ɢǲģǾҪԼÿġԼ̫࣬ͨ͸ˡ
лشָ㣬Щ¶Ҫ죬ܶźþлͨ˾Ҳ泩ָл㼱Ҵһˡ
ܵıӰԴʺŻûʣټҵСүʲôëոջӲǱ۲۵ģôֺԺˡ벻ͨ¶Ͳ룬벻ǸΪԼˣʱү˺þƹ˵ɡ
߻涼ĵòҲջֻػ۰Ͱ͵˻طvһ˿ͰͣҲ֪ŸĵøĻˣҪȵ˶֪ʱء                        
շȥˣȻҪҪѽݵ˰
  Ϲأۺ䡣
  psȵ˲Ÿ˵ҲҪӰĩְ~~

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԰ĸԺӳ궼ūŵģԺӺߵƬһ굽ͷܳٶ, ȥʱԺūðѴµĴɷ, ɻ˵ʱ򲻶֮࣬, ˳ִһЩȡ
, ɻˣүȺþˡһȥ, 쵽Էʱ򼸸ūҲҽȥطv, ˭Ƴү¶û, ﲻʹء
õȥʱƼɢĸ, ŵĢһϳԡŲСԶطvǲû, ԼҲ, һ㲻֪, еʲôԼ˭ȥ
Ըͷ¶, Ž˽ԷһŻָ, ѵôУطvͷ¶̨Ѿ˯ˡ鲻˳ѣù̺ߵǺãȴû뵽վߣͱ۾һס
ôôòŻ, ô໰˵ôү˵˵СNɇNҪôôԵʱطvѾˣֻһ˯óһʱı˵۶롣
˵أôϹԴװ鱻ֲŸɴҲ¿ߣܺʲô¶٣˽һΣҲ԰ӼһΡøߴ󣬾ڸôû͸ŹɺԺūǽİᶫӡ󻹲
ǲǵҸ˵ģϾҪǸϻ¶Ͼæòˣ˵̶ӴһɹźëǱȥϻ¶ԼҲܸиӦҲУ㲻ͦϲһ̯үѼ˵ϻֵܶԸʱʲôҪ˵Ķһ˵˵
ðһ˵ô԰ӾǼû˼ϻҿɵúúĥĥô򵥡ǷݺͬԼҲ׼˲ӣ˵ʱԼպĻʺߣ¾ǳԵԼҲϡ˾ϻ׬ǮǾֲһˡ
ػԺ߻԰¶̨طvǲܴĶƣƲ¶̨ߵĶⶼ԰ӵʱЩʦǶƹġ
аɣǸƴȫɸ˵㣬үûзҲġ˵ôѵĵضˣ߷˶طvȻЩûʲôȤ¶̨ϣ˲ľˣ׻ǰѸð¶ˡ
˺ûִ磬ķȣ䣬ȴûͣع컯֮˵¶III˷ܶƽʱ̫һطv¶㣬ֺ޲һء
棬ߣԧҡطv§˻¿羰鷭˸ۣҪ˵ʲô쳹׶סٲϻ
Ƕźˣ˺й죬ͰѸ÷ȥӶ͵ǸȥˡҪڳǽԺֵǳԷκӵǵֵܻܿ˴𸴡˵ҪҪ浽˵죬Լȴ˼λ
ϴͷһ˵ǱҪ߲ͲˡʵطvҲûԤķݶϴֵǴͦ࣬ͽࡣʱˣطvܻЩԼ硣
ϰҲûҵĽǸӲã߲ҵã񾩳Լǳ踣ͷһţϰǶ¸ͷһš
⻨ԼԸģû֮ǰҲû˵ʱֻôõȻҪַ飬˭֪ɷءһ²һ£ԼȥԼŮ˵ūҲˡ
ϰ˲һԼҪӲ磬ҲˣϰǶһ㶯ûءл˸͵ϰǶȥ˵ϲñӰ˳黵ˣָΪʲô
ʱ˸ģֻƽʱӹŵȻû˵ʲôӲͲɨˡطvϹܼ秵Ļػûۣ֮󣬲̲סŤͷطԹĶʲôūţôú˵
˵ɰҲڸ˵ԼͽϵʰʰͰˣΪ˽øүԼ˭뵽ֵ²Ȼ˴櫍ͤүͤķıͱ˷Ļ֬ǰһڡ
¿ɲҰūŶ˵ˣ˵ɩɩҪȥκŰġطv˵⻰Լ飬ֵܵǰ߻˵ȵȥϣûǰǱߵֵ
͵櫍ͤǱȥˣ˶ԸʫʵûȤһ˵ǰүǻûȥκһϼƸɴΪǿЩүǰߵǴκȥ
ʵǰܱĻ㲦֮ǸĽ˲ٵģ櫍ͤ˱ī˳ӹƣҶƺϷӶ׼ˡʵڼܲסأЩƽƲ۶ˡ
߸磬ζûаɱСطvطKصذʮҲӴˣԼ˰˸ֵûԵ֣ʮܵԼôҪϵģⲻʹˢˡ
ƱǸ׼ģû׼١ʮȾƶþͱôھȫûˣ˻ҰҰ죬ζ
طvȱʲôȱ˵ܵģ̧́°ͣСϽ԰ȥһôû뵽һ·ôôô£һߵߵ߶ٱžƻ־ôһһصĹ򣬼үѾƾָ֧
ƽӶǵĵ̣Ҳƾүߺģֻæò׳ʲôУֻҪǱ˵Щ˵¶ֵܼˣܵȻҪ㣬үİүطvм֣ϾźʮҲߣȫˡ
ֵǴƲǣǴС鷿ǿʤ˵µҲҪָ²ɡܱž̳վһ㶵Ŀĺݵıүǣû֨úõʫᣬǱ⼸ү͵ûǷʮƼˣָָԼߵĿ룬ŰѾ̳ӵݸźūţ˸ϽѾϡ
ƾǾƵģֱжۻᡣһ߻ͽȻͬˣҪ˵۳ԣôһȲߵأôκۻͷһذ
˴֮ҲûڴȻ͸Сơɴ˰˺üŴһڼװϣȴ˺ūŰѵҳӸɴڴϵ
׼Ǵȵúܣ΢ˣ԰ĺǼżһ棬ƽ˭أ㶼úܣòŶ೤ʱҧ
ʱ㣬ʱϺкзʲôԶһĵطдϵϰͷӹȥܳԵͰӣܳԵѾܺ˹ը˶óԵĻǰŪɾƬãЩ˿жټһûˡòһӣƽʱԹɽ亣ζĸǣ͸ʳĸɸɾ
Ķɩɱ̧ңһ»벻ô졣ʵֳķϱߺܳЩΪ˼ңҶڴϣɲôպ¡ֻ˸طľЩǵǲ
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ԶԶԣȰ¸˵ˡ֣ӰԼĴóַ˼Һ;ŵ룬ȥɹ·ٲȲȣֻɹǱߵشﲩټëǶȥһɱ϶Сˡ
еǷԽ׬Խ࣬ⲻ뵽λɩɩˡҷǸˣŻư֮ءĲ˵ɣûǧ˰ͷ涼òãҪ׬ˣҲŲء
дüֱףžǸôôֹɣˣʱȫƾԸͲ󷽷İ졣ҲǱ˵񸮻Ẓ̇үڻ˳ƤҪǮأӸǰ˭װ
ţҿУ˵ñҡȵͷģ˽»⣬²߸ⲻҪԷԽԽ࣬治СүԺˣԽԽ࣬¹ȢϱǼ޹ŮҪӰ
ҲǣⶫҲƲףôôǡһӵ¶˼֣ôܰοԼкܱûǿҪȻǷŲԼ
ɹǱߵ·۵ʱҲȥ𡣡ʮɹģǵʾ֮˵ԭҲƭ˵ġ
ɣ̶ӳȥŻʰȥɹŵʱʮȥŸЦżʮʮľ˵ˡ
˵£ֳ㣬ôêԶĵضȥ˺ôһȦϰһϰ˵һ¾ǻ櫍ͤƣҪЩүдûдʲô׵ʫ
û뵽˵֮ͤƼģ˲šԭúõıī֬ӵһʽ򣬵ϰ˲پ̳ӣһ»èſϣ˻ƴƣֻطv̧ͷƼˣɵЦЦ~                        
շãǳԺ~

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櫍ͤһƬǽ壬鼸Ŷˡǳ˹, ƽʱڸģү, һûΡһԵ壬, Ҫְүơ
ɣдӶһŵĹ, Ƶʮ۾ֱˣﻹס߶, , ⲻԡɵĶ, ʮֱͷ˵
Ķ԰, ֻһ𡣡Ҳᣬﶫǲү, үһ, һƲ, ˡֻƲƲ֪ǲүĹ, ˣԼүǰƱ˵๫, Ƕһݲһˡ
طvүڣүƣطv߾Ӧ˵ţ鿴沶ҶӣȷӦ, ߵطv߷סȵͨˣոЦʲôأӮǮ
һ˵һ߿ǰƣ˼ʲôʲôʲô͸ɴȫҪˡӮ˵ơطv˸ãŰǰӵСӸ鿴ôء
ӴСȣǰǶͱһһרŸүģԭӦһеҲͻʣ߰˸ɣ⻹˵Ӯ˵鱻ҭһһףָܼʲô
ĸѵľȻϾţҲӮ࣬Ӷѵð˼ϻϽкȥҪ˺ɰӣһһ˵ʲôⰡͿⶫǮ졣
⻰ֻöˣô沴ӶڣҲû˵Щһ򲻵үһָԷǷǵһӸ˶Ҫȥ
ɩӣãҪͲȥˣ׼ԺӣЪ°ɡ˵үڳǽ԰ӣɵ׻еԶӣһ·ȥҲġ
ԼԼôôãúŵүһӦүһεĵͷõİɡǶǾͺðˣҲǼǧ㲻ģ˺ЩūŹŷŵĸϽߡ
үʱ򻹶᲻»װӵĺӣϾžͲ˵ˣôӮ˰ʮŸպҲ֣òüˡ˼ɹſ˾ĵŮⱲȱľǽ鱦ʮǺɸ֡
ôҲطãҲɿֵһҲҪɴͰһԵĹ̸ﲻˡø£ʲôʲôϽŪȥС
鿴ǺūŰѸڶԶˣŰԼճԼ˹ͷһ˶ǻȥòá
Ķû𣿡ˣƾأ鿴ͷ¶Լطvգգ۸ʪСһȣǱһӻôû
ۻȥػʲôУòáû뵽ԼûԼӰȰѺ庢һˡ
ʲôã˵ĸκȥôƲˡҪȥȥҲȥҪ˵Ϳ˰ɣͦ¶Ҫ˵Ҳԣ˵Ųȥȵͦǣʵʵںͷһá
֦÷Ͻ˴ˮȥǶЩѾһһ·߻ػãò˴˿ֱ̼ǸèɵڴϺߺĴӣûڴߣҪЩ鿴Լ
㿴ң׼ĵططvͷջǵģ˵ܻתͷΣ뿴飬ʲô롣
鱾ʵڼܲסһֱڱ󣬲û˷ߣǻС벻һߣͱһץס֣Լֺȵϣ
ݵûߵһ㷨ӶûУƽʱ˽żҲ¶һģھʮֶ֣࣬Ҹ˺òá
ľԼ˼Ӿƺ÷Ӿƣ˿˿ĺڣʵ󾢴ءԼ˾ʹϴһ̳ӣûҺꡣǵãô಻˵϶Ҳûʲôζֱ̣ˡ
áطv˼Ϣܾϻյø֣ϲŴ·ûطv˲ŲԸ֣һ˵Ѿȫġ
ôûţˡ鳶Լţطvҡҡͷ㿪ˣŶֻ̫ͷˡ
𶯣תתͷΡ˵ûɽԼϹڣ˵תˡ⻰۵ľûˣҲøٺĺ塣
ƨ̧ر߬ŵ֣ŤŤȥƨɣһ׸ոջصĺʵƲƲʵʵİƨ̧ѿӻˡ
ôãطvҲ۵ùǺѾˣҲûԴµ˸ͷιȣ̡
̣ģԡ˹ҪӺȵô˿̱Ϲ˵ֻϽι¡
˵طvҲʵʵ죬һ׺ȥ̡طvûضȥڴ´ֽŶġ
ܣԣġ鷢̲֮ôߣ˾ôһ˵̲Ҫˣһ˵ٳһѾôˡ
ͲˣڴôȥĹûҲͣ˯ˡߺòײŰ˺˯ˣ⼸ǶҲ㲻ɡ
ʮãǺȵҲ࣬Ǹʵ͸һӷ˵ԼϣҪȥôӻؾǡ
üϱû취ˣ͸ɴԺתȦʮ׼ԺǷݺׯģԲþɣʯڶüϾԺҹ䣬ųҹգ˵ʮԼ첻ʶ·ˡ
ûôûʮԵɵɸԼҸߣߵʵ˲ʡ
˵ˣϾ͵ˡüϺʹѾתתҲתԵ˷򣬺ûѾ룬Ű˸ȥٻȥ۵ùǺʮٲˣѾʵĲ蹾˹˺£͵ϴ
ϾһĲʮǸ߿˵طŹԹԸŶϻȥȥ֮һ¾ǰϣһһҪɣ϶ԣɽ׺ȸˣƽǮһϾ˴ˣ߰˱飬һʮͷԺʮʮž͵ʮˡ
طKԼҲ֪Ծ͸ɴҲĶϾ˸ѲֲֻҪʵʵ̧̧ȾСԼϴɾˣطKҲˣȥЪǰרŶүʮˣүŰ
ѵ죬ѵýװ裬ҲװԵɵɵϹ֡һżϰ˵ߴﹾ˵ȫҪź·˵ĶǺţͷģ˵˭Ҳû
ֱЬ඼꣬϶׼ȥˣطʵ̲סӴһסسԺǼϣǻᣬż˵γɢɢģԾˡ
ط˵Ǵеĸɢģʵﻹǻżϵ¶ûӣԼżԼǶи̫ҲšУ︴ӵúܣһ˿ԹнܵýȻ˵طҲ֪
ţҲϱطסͷ̧ԼԼѾۿת˻ȥӵ¶Ե֣Եû˭˵ûáﻹԼҲ͹ˡ
ܵ˻ٶҪֻ֣үأһ·ȥûڣϷƱƣʲô˵辰վڴ˵ϰ졣
ǸƢүҪ˵ţ˵öҲûа㲻ͷֻİѾݵߣιڡ
үæһҲססòáүʵʵվڴߵԼϱѣ񻧲飬үæûҹѵõϾ
ãүġǺЦԼүҲʱ򻰶ЩʲôԸԼ˵ŲͷȷǸ˵úܡ
Ժڶʡ͵ĵƣô󶼳˯ˣһ¶ֵ̫࣬Ƕòǰǰ㣬ʲôìҲСС֡˭ҲҲģһв̤ĺӿɾûˡ
һ˯þãȵطv춼ѾˡʹҲûپ۵ıҪͷԸūʱ׼˳ԵģҲ㲻ġ˰ҪҪԵ㶫
֮طvֻͷؽᣬӻֱСԵɣ˯طvһͶƬˣ֮ǰʲôǵһֵܼӿɶԼҸǰˡ
ǳԵƬɣ㻹ǽκʱġƬúУۻϰһ¶ǡ
طvһžòôˣ˲쵱ҲʰʲôɴһɻشϣϡͿ˯ȥ
ֻ˯֮ǰԺĻ˸ϲ飬Ƶʱү͸˸Ϣƽ˸꿪ӦҪŶѲˡ                        
ʮ

ôһ󳡣ڶطvȻ첻ߵĶЩ˼, 俴ϷʵĿԭܸ߳оԽӱˡǲˡ
, ӰҪһ㡣֪ҲһûϽ, ǰǶˡԼһûûأ˹ŹӵҲϰˡɽ԰ﻹôֵ, ܲܿ˶ˣ˼һڴû
, ʲôʱ, ֲȥ, Ҳȥʲô˵ô˵طvʵʵ˱, ڿͨͷ̫ԼͷһӶˡ
طvʧ˿˸, үǾŵڵܼܵ, ڳҲ̫, Ҳ·ǰԺ, ֵܼŴҶƣģѵõ˭û˭
׼÷ʢ, Ҳֲıүǻԡطvô˵㶫⼸үѹţЩĲ˯£༸һ˯⣬Ͷˡ
߸, ĶҵģⶼʲôͦóԡȻǵ԰۶ϱߵľͲԸÿٳЩģѸרϱߵĳӶ˹
˵ǹݸǱߵĳԷɩϲ͸ųݸҲûôĿŵ裬ζܻǶġѳԼӵ㲦ʽúܲˡ
ϺףûԹϱߵױ¡׼˸ʽͺطKζأ˺ϺȣԷƵүֱզࡣ߸磬Ҫɴ򷢼ȥǶˣҲѧ
Сǲǣʲô͵ŪȥǶôӣЩɡүүĺŷƽʱڳһҲصúܣôЩֵܾʵʵūʢƬ࣬ųҪжء
طK㶣ѵõûͷӦ⻰ǰϾſ϶ֵһ鷿˾˭һ˵˭СʣԼЩܵǾӲʦķݶϾǶƲɵģҲ˲ŻܳԲİ˸ԽԽ
طKԼ׸߸ĵĹϵҲϡıһöֻ봿ģҲֻ̫ӺֱϱѹšطKطTͬطT˵ģ̫ӺֱôȥҪ£ʱʱʲôģ˭Ҳ˵塣
ԼߵýԼ׸ţһֱԼǲ̲ţôЩѵĻͷһΣҲԼתͶµĵܵ˰ɡ
طǵĶԻûʲô󶯾ûסүۡʵܰطKϰǶطͺˡϰǰԼ׵ܵܵʹһϰܵϴλطҲԸ⡣һĶӣ˭˭
طϰ浽һ죬Ͼȵĳֵܣϰװ̫ˣ˭˭ûӣʱ˭Ƕźá
طvһֵܸиС˼̲סЦĺþͺûԼ浱µʹ¸ոѵϾţҲ˵ܵܣҪȻ˭죬ֺõġ
ֵܼԶԼһ̯£˵ǸĽᵳ˵ҲԼѡĺͺǼϻһ㣬Լ߳˷˵飬ʵҲࡣ
Թ˲裬Ҳûټү绹ûػһˣ̫ӴűǮֱ޲նɱ߶ذЩϴǮ˭Ҳҵ춼ɪɪ͵Լȥ
ط¸طvˣ죬ԼҲհᵽ԰ԼǱҲһµ߻档ϾʮûʲôȥҲû˼ڸ
ǵûܸų⼸԰ȻҲûݶ˶ίˣԼҳ԰ѾˡʮǰרŸطvԼסԺӵĿͼҲŪһ档
ôЩˣطvתػþͼӰ֮ӰסػãػñϾȱոԺϱȥˣ⼸쵱굱ֻ棬ûƼ⺢ӡ
˰ɣǺ̫ۣ»ؿɲˡطvѺӽӹ¶̨϶źȲ裬طvֳ۳ĻסӣҲҶ
ãżôһεǻСֻԼ˸party۲۵ĵΣջСϾŵѾȥˣغܿд𸴡
ţ²ٹӾҪѩˣ귴ȥˣ׼׼ɡźпĵ汳طvĿţŴӲ輸±쵽ȥòˣøƽϣԼ㡣
طvܷŹòɸɴѺӸԼ˾Ͷճȥ˲ĥһûʲô¿ɸɣūͶ㿪˶ƣֻطvԼ֪Լ¶Ͱ͵Ĵյʣճ˲
ԭΪ˳˵ͷʾ͵ģû뵽ûԼᡣ͵԰ӸҺطvͷС԰ӱ治һǰ㣬Ҫ¶ҲԴԴϵæ͵Ƕʱ
ⲻЩ԰ӺɽɽǶ˺ЩɽƤӣʲôض˰Ͱ͵ܲơҲǳᣬŰ԰ӹӵũɽȫͳƳɲᡣ
ô԰ȻȫԼҴūţȦؽ԰ʱũЩ󻧹±߹ӣЩ꣬汲ôš
԰ӲԼʱҲжˣٻڵԼܸҪ׵ġЩÿ궼ý⣬ԼߵģҲ͹±֮󣬻طvһȥƹӹʵû˵
֮ǰ԰ȫǻʼҲҵ԰ӵĶЩ̫ࡣ˵ûҲݣطv⻰öʶ٣ɽˮ˼ҲýͰͣ˶ѶûУЩ̫ൽж̰
˻֮һϼƣӲЩũʶֲ֪ظЩǮҲ϶ĻˣЩ֮ģҧҧһ꣬ǮӺ磬⻰˵Ҳס
ͻȻһ԰ӹ󣬸ɴЩũСյһŪѧãһѧˣЩũ˭ҲǺüӣôһɲ˺üԷѧҲ쿪˶˾ѧũæʱ˷Żؼȥæǡ
˵ЩӽѧãǷ࣬¶ʶЩֶ㼸ĵҲùȥࡣ⻰˵طvʱطvòƽܴŵļֵЦ֣ү⸣ǲס
طvͷܿͲٰ˶طv͸ɴֵſ˸Ӻõģ˵ǸԼÿǮٲˣһƲЩũҺӡ
ǿѧͷһ죬ʱ㣬õһÿӦ˵ʱӾͼҴҵĴ߽ˡѾѩˣЩѩĭɽеǲ䣬㻻˻
үСŮҲ԰ׯ˼ҵĺӣŮѧòӱΪ߶ǣСŮĺô˵ߣܲԼŮҲѧȥʶ֡
˵ѩ˿ɸϳӱүǵùԹԻؾȥⲻвŴӳ񼸸үæʱڸסգ˿վܣһ˵Сʤ»ζ˵ᣬū˭Ҵţû뵽ֳ¶
ͷŮѧ˼Ҳ࣬ǹټ̫̫Ҳвֵģοׯ˼ҡһǰһ͵ѧĶкûһŮֹû˵´˭ùͷû뵽⻹ͷʵ̫ѵˡ
Ͻģ˴                        
շȻףǻǾøöġǸԶ־Ҫȥǳ󺣵ǻϣһЩܰ쵽¶

ʮ

ɽڽ֮ǰ԰ͨׯ˼ңиֻ, ʱĽ԰׬⼸Ǯ, Ҽǵ֣šɽ԰, ֪иţȻԼҹŮҲ͵Ӱѧȥ, ֱǻ
Ź˲Щ˿ǣŮȥػõĻ, ȫǴҪ˵ʲô, Ӳ١Ǿѧá󼸺챻ӵȹ, ԰ûˣż, ԰ӵ̫֣ǴŴҲԶǰ
ػԺӻж·, ߻ػſ, ӶǸӸɻ, ˵۵ǾҪ, ҲҶġˣǴȥϴɾٴ
ӷҪų, ֻʵ⸸Ůһ·ɽϹʵЩࡣôȥӡǷרŸЩֵūЪŵĵضСѾ˹ȥŵļ˱㶼Χ
ɣСҹǷѾǻк, Ůȥϴϴ֣ǰ߼󵨵Ѿ߾ΧŴ
˺ôĵӣѧȥ𡣡˵ֵ¸ɻѾߣרŸҪõˮȲ衣ƽʱǸѵӣҲˣͷһΧȥˡ
ֻ̣ͷŰ׽ʵʵĲֲ۾ҲֻűԼŪİײĶƣµ˭ʵģһЩȤ⣬仰ƲһƨʵûЩѾȻҲû£վɸøȥˡ
ô˽нʲôطvűװӣʵһûһĶǶ˺üûطvʵֵùЩ鶼Ҳء
˼ҶôԶźˣһƲ£ػó˿Ӻ͵Ҳû¶ɣò˻ư
鲻ұ¶Լ뷨ϾѧúŮѧǿɲһ£ԼүǺãҲǵصص峯ıүЩ²
˵ػܶүͲˡطv˵ػеҲû̫⣬ȵͨ˵֪֮жů͡
ڱϱ԰¾Ƕ̫䣬԰ӾûˡЩ¶ϸĵƽҪܣػò£ǽﶼͨ˻
ֻôһÿѬģﻨ̿ϵϷ˺üطvǸŲѬζģõĶõĺ̿һֻůӣӶѳģôһۡ
黰лطvһˣûףװɵ㶵İͷ쵽һߣҪѬȹӡҪҲƲֻðѸհõٰݵߡ
ʱ˾Ͳ̫⣬طvհҧӾ˽ˡͨһطvûҲūŸǰοⲻŮģطvһʹůź׶ĲЬһԻͦô¡
űŽűȺò˳ſڣڽ˴ŻһɴţƲߵ˶طvҲֻƼиӰʧ
ү˴ˡϴɾ١Ǿû治װ׾һƾڼûӡӰ˴˸ǰźͺȻţҲûɪɪ˵ģ
˵Ѻ͵ѧȥһյĴˣ֪ûʡ˵˵ɣΪʲôô԰ӿɾһŮȥѧá
ӵĻūūžҲϼֶŹͷͷҲƲʲôӣ⻰˵ҲΪôһ仰յѧȥѧôкأèͣһ˵˭û
ţúʣ뵽Ϊʲôϸ˵ˣҸүźиᡣү˵ǲ
˵ʱǻװԣʲôǶǸү˵㣬ҵʼλһ򶼸طvúܡֻʲôӣǾû֪ˡ
طv£Ůѧÿ϶ǲеġԼѧ¹֪үӶרأ˳ۺùǺ
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ǵһεôĵؽţѬţҲ˵ʲôζһֱڱǼƲɢ˵Ź﷢𣬸ոһ·õĻȫǵˡ
ֱʿˮֲ֪ôӣ̾ɴȳһ˵˵Ů˰
ӵĻĽ꣬СĽꡣⱲⱲ¶Բʮĵض˭˵żѾͷ£ƽٿ࣬һѾͷҲͺˡ
Ǽﻹʲô˰ǸһһģҲżĥ¡Լ뿪Ůѧ˵Ҳӣ˶ˣµһ仰Ĺ򲻳ɣ
ӵĻûˡżλûˣһڣҲǿھ֣ǸæҪȻŮ治֪ô
òҪ͵ģ˻Ϳֱܷܲ棬˵뿴װͰ͵İѺͽΪʲô
ūŲҪǽ԰ûûصģͽײӡһ⻰ͼˣѼﺢ͵԰ɲȥѧãԼʶ˼Ҳûӣûӽ԰źӡ뺢Ǻúʶ֣Ҹ˼ҰȹӾС
ǼˣҪѺ͵ѧȥ鿴ŵҲӵľͺãҪܱ
ūԼ˲ʶֵĿⱲӾ뺢ǱūһͷӬһһӣʲôסԭǰﻹУǻỨĻеǮȫͶϱߣõʱ򻹸Щͻ׬ò൫Ҳ˵ùȥ
ɺСҲ˼ҵۣǼרģ˵Ҫźϻ˸һƭӡǵҵȫˡҪūʶ֣¶Ҳһ
ӱƭ֮žٲҳȥֻżǵӣҪ꺢ӴˣҪӵĵضҲҪӴױ԰ɻԸ⡣
ūӾūŵūžֶ󲻹ܼ޲ˣ޵ζסԼС˵ĻʵڣҲ˼ѰϰչòףһźӾ͸ѡ
ɣ߻ѩʱҲˡȥӱ·ϸڲˣ԰ס°ɡ˵ö飬һλҵûҲӦ룬ֻȰ˸
˵ϣȻūŰѸŮȥã١ŵ԰ôһֱûҳ˵ֱŴŵӻͷƵӡӿûʲôЦģҲ֪ʲôһֱʵŮӵǺƯԼ˵ĹŮ
ϧŮҲ͵źӵŮһػõţŮһˣү~ү~ү~үү~ҾŽ첻ãǶһҪǲԸ⣬Ҫھȥ
ѵطvǰˣҲް˵ԼնˣԼǲ˵ùȥĴ𸴣ǴúܣطvҲӦõġ
֪үүˣҿܲ𡣡طvżֱǸƤ飬뷢᲻ãֱûţɴڰҲţԼ굽鷿ȥˡ
طvʱ٣ʱȴʵࡣطvһߣＸѾβ֪˵ʲôãӺ֦һ±ơհүֺøʱ٣طûʲô顣
оϣûҲӲͷƤϣطvս鷿ҲҸȥֻ۰Ͱߵţͷɽƽʱʱ׹ˣһ˯Щ¶ɣҲͲˡ
ľ⿴ȥǵȲڣû˼ֱӹ˵׼ĲˣŸϽ鷿ȥ
үóԷˡطv鷿ûǰǾǾصأ˵Ů죬ǳȥûȥ˳֮󣬾ûˣϾǻأС鷿¶ˣǻĶ鲻ȥİ
ߵطvߣӺӣԲ԰һ鷿طv˵ӣҲżнβͣôô
طv鷿һʲôûƽȥŷС˶Լߣѵõ̾˿С°                        
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طv黹ûôشطv鷿, ȳԷ, ˷˵طvůģʱҲð, ǿӣͻȻе, ǲԼ̫ˣźúõӲ, ҪΪѡ
˵˳Է, ʲôءطvԼЩ㶵˶, ѵûѾߣԼ˼⡣ó, 㳢
鿴ɫ糣ӿ˺üۣӰ̺õŵ, 㡣ɱ, õĵض͹¹, ǰſͷһ, ʣ˶ٵպøͷһѧõѧ
ѧðһ£ͶΪϿĹ, ÿĻʳǮģ˶Ҳ̫ˡҪȻЩ˼ģܰȺϡ
˵һȺģҲ͹˲طvˣ˿̾, ҲܵԼԻϵĳӶбµģеñþӨ͸մ̣һܸɵ̡
ٳԵ⣬Եˡطv·һֱڼͷۣɴѰȸȥˡ⻹Ǿר͹ģʶԵ㣬ָؽˡ
߱ѩصģǻӱյķϣܼŵɫҲǰײܲܲײˡǰѵôӻŪһ߲ˣֵܸϽˡطvһȥǶһʹ⼸Ͻ˹񫡣
Ҳʱܳԣƹϲ˿У˵ֶһľ»ƣֱˡƹһƹϰɡܳԵز˲࣬ͷϻ˵壬ͿĸСء
ⶼԶүһطvһܲƹ֮ľ̿ˮһ·ϾûٹЩСˡƵطvר̫ҽֻ˲֪ŪҲûʲôֻ˵궬ͺһڡ
ʵĶãϽĳ˰ɡطvʡųԣɴһӻƹȫ¹ЦոճԷǰǵĲ׵Ժ
˷Ҳȥѩ´ˣطvػȦɢʳ⼸վɺ޹˼ɵĸٲȥϳҲȥžͲûؾҪȻһ·ȥָѡ
֮ϡֱǵ춼ΪżëƤ¶ĵزӶͶˣҲһֻ۱һֻ۲ôƽϡ
ȵߵòˣطv֣µ£øү͸ʵǲŮѧˡطvɵӣС˼Ҳ룬ҪȻһһ׼
ʲôʱ֪ġҲطvЩڴò㲻ãδ޵ûȱҲûٹۼ˶˸ǵˡദʱʱǾøһɴһԼͱƵɴ
ӻʱ۾ﶼŹ⣬ΪүûƼǲǡҪѧŮȤطvʱͷˡֻײȷҪһֱû˵˽طvһһĵ˵˵ԭ򣬲˵ŵ˵Լ
ֻүû뵽үĸñ£ҪʲôүʲĻȫˡطvһμһһİʵĻȫʳٻЩġ
ΪˣΪЩŮҲѧò˰⻰ʱŵֶڶģƽһ㶼һǶ˵ܸεѹȸУ˸ãе׶ǻǶʲȥ
ˣүΪĸˡطv㱻Цˣϻûɣǵͦʵģүʲôأб±𶶰
û黹Ӳۿ˿Լ߬ŵ֣յ̫ˡ
úúãûûطv˵ҲûɿҸҪûҲš
طvȻĹǣŮкײͬЩյѧСӣҲ˵ƽʱҪؼҰũ˾˱ոšԺЩܵõģׯϻͷҪҸضҲ׵úܡ
ŮҿɾͲһˣڰ£̵һҲ˵̺ǲǻ˲ļ˵¶浽˼˵ʱ򣬵ӵǲǸñݼױ
ô˵еˣô߸ǰ޳ȥĹʲô˼ң¶⻹ǽ̺˵ģһû̺õģǶ˼ģʱôճɾ˵ˡ
ǣ˵ô찡ȷû뵽ôԶҪ˵ԼǲطvأЩ¶ڴСڹﳤطv˵ֱļܣҪһ˸ÿĸðŵģ˼ӾǱԼתÿ졣
ȰƣǿУȹŮϰ֡ǲʱҲģʱٰͻȥҲ޷¾ͱˣ£ûľ͵û°ɡطvˣԼϱܲΪСѾͷƬӾͲ˳ġ
طvô˵ҲʵͷӦ£ԸԼͺܲˡȿӣô쵽ʱ˵¡
˯µʱѵýճطvҲ˵طvḧ󱳣ôأˣʱԼЩڵӣҲȸԼС۶ôôŻ
šѴ̧ͷˣ綼ûҽеĳԡطvӸƽͬһˣǶһ̻ûУźѾͷʲôǡҲǻžǻʵ۵ĶӣǸ߸ϵĻӣԼǲһġ
Ӵǿίˣ۶ЩԻòáطv§ڻ庢һ壬Ҳڲðųռ˳ĵˡ
ô࣬ٳˡǰڹûôԣȥ껳Ӱֻۡн궬ǽʵʵè˸ˡ
˺ãֵү֡طvۺ壬˺ڻЦЦЦ˰ɣЦˣЦ˾͸Ͻ˯СѾͷɻùܡ
¶˵ˣ˶˿ػūҲŷ֣ү治˵ʱͦ˵ģҶүǰˡ
طvˣҲѼѾŵĹǺūŵĲ𷣴ǰ˵ūǲ¶ҲΪʲô͸ź
ǰǱ߻ˡִӽ뱴ո𣬾˾ӲԽֵūšʱطvڣѾ棬ҲһԿš
⻰ֻ˵һΣҪסˣүʲôʱүүŴūţūŵĲܰԼ̫ߡʱ̶ҰԼ͵ոΪʲôҪӰѲסʱԼסҲΪˣʱֵùˣֻҪƴ־ջЩ
⻰Ӽ˶ĬĬû˵֦ҹʱǴҹû˯ֱ˲״˵Ļźʱ鶼Щͬˡ
СѾͷô㰲ߴߴˣʵ鱾˵ôôôСѾͷģԼûźá
ūŴȤūߴߴҲƵʱӣūŻǵúúͷ֦ĻЦЦû˵طvͷһۣ˵㲦ѾߣҪȻ֮ǰӣطvЩ˹¼޳ȥˡ
ˣϹƶˡпʹȥǶһˣ˵ף˵ԺŮǿ϶ȥģ˿£԰ѧأȹ꿪֮뵽Ůˣ˵ѧ¶
Ǻúø˼˵Ը£ԸҲţ𡣡֦ȥūǶȥŻͷطvô죬òá
ãүϻۣô᲻áطvúãҲǧлľúã԰˷ȼů͡ŴӶͳɢӷҪ֣ת١Ǿˡ                 

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س³ʵȥ, طvطϻ迾, ܾûȥû԰Ȥ⣬һֱšϲںõ, Ժס磬ϴĻ, ζͦĴǩţڻϿ
ô˿, ˵Щȴзζ, Ϻþ, ֵܺǳСͷһŪԵʱүϾҲ, ֻүʵܲ˴ͷβȫĳԷֻû, ûڶΡϾž͸ùЩ, ˵ȥϻ, Ӷ, 춼Ų͸ˡ
ӣūǸȥ, ǡʰòˣյطvǰʡææ԰£ϻȥǶϿΡ
˻ⲻ, үѧҪʱ򣬻ܶĹΰϽĻȥʰҪ˵˵ʲôʱץסǰĻأţŴֺ֦ĳСü۵롣
ʱڸطv֧ܣźطvʱ򲻶࣬ʹ֧Ǹ⡣ֻҪԼڵʱԼġҪȻǺݾū˰һؽںͰĵطյͨ졣
ʲô£˵طvڼ׽˸ǰԼĶ̴֮鲻⵱£ҲԽˡ
ӣūţūš߾˵ڣͺð죬֦Ʋȥˣɴһž˵ˣԭʱҪ·ѧõԺӣյѧſأ֦ۼһ۾Ƽſתתȥ롣
תưûҽȥ֦ʵں͹ȥʣԭԴ֪Ҫѧãһֱи뷨ֲ࣬ҲٸѧѧԼôˣʵѧÿѧĶɲ͹
طvûһѧþȻô˵ͷ˵ŵ¶ʵûȥҲȫˣңֲ̬һˡү鷿
Ҫȥ鷿̸˵طvˣûŽȥҲ̸֪ôԺͶ˸ʦܵһѧûôʣŽôģ֪Ӧѧò
ؾطvϵǰȥϸŪ˹˵ǽסţĻỹǲࡣסⶼȥˡһ뵽ķҶñ
ү˵ǳɢģ˵ܻˣҲ˵˵ʵ⼸һֱûүеˣҪʵڲУغԺˣʱһϵˡ
Ҫ˵ʱǻطвһջأǰЩϾϲ̹˯˯ųԳԲõģΪˡ֪̫ҽӵһƣȻˡ
ɩӣҿǲɡ˵⻰ʱ˵Ҳ沼˽һֱ㲻סڹҲһ˵Ҫ밲ͷ
˭˵أ˳֮ûȥػȥָʲôϵֱˬǶôûУǴĵԼĸҪȻҲطˣȴֶ˵
ҵǾŲõģﲻһֱĺӵ¶㸮һôຢӣ˵˻ôģ춢طԺţΪûǻʲô
Ըɡ̾Լ˯ӰģҰǾã⹬﹬ⶼû¶һתӰҲˣعʰǶӦҲðʱ뺣ɾ͸ȵˡ
ʼҸճĺӶͦʱûסӰۿԽԽãүǶӦõָˡʤټ򵥣󲻹ҲһˣҲû˲ǡ
¶ǫ飬ּģʽǫ˸ϱͦӶֱЦǰձȼһźߵĶһƣԼͦίϾôĵضϱһɻ˵еζֵһܸﰡ
عð£ɩκò׻ˣʱںǱߣõöЩط¾ͳԼҶ̫󶼲ʡ͵ĵƣ·ݴԼܸɴϸٲڶûԻҪǲȥϽӸù
İɣһģ϶˿ýģ˰ɡôֵܱ¹ܺԺֲڣǶԵִɩغòףҪء
ʵ֤ܵʲôʱŮ˸˽Ůˣ浽˹죬ոԼǰߵϣͷ߶˸ŮϴյԼ˵ˣ֪Ƕרɹ˵ġ
ôûѺǰ֮ǰͰѼûֵ֣黹ǵø֪ʱŶӰ˵⿵ҲûԼӰô֪ͷš
⻰˵ʱڴȥģ֪ԼҶͰΪʲôЦһŰֱطvԽԼԽҪûӶ޲ñŶӸʰơ
⼸첻رطvûúӳţ¶ˡǺҲԼұӣ¶أͲںˡ
УĴ󡣡յүӴ͵֣˭ƴүǰ졣Ҳӣ˼ҲͬЩ
ر¡֣ȥ˵ͦ㣬ô˵ҲмǹŹҪ¶ͲͬˣҲƽɹҲˣ˵˭Ǹͷ
¡־ʹ˶¶࣬ȵ̫ʱѾ۵òˣ͸Ҫ˵źӵϡҪ·ְ˽ߣָʲôء
ոպһֱں߷ңŷ磬Ҫҷǵſȥɡÿ궼ùڵݽڣôʵڰˣططvֵܣ沾Ҳʲôһ𡣽΢бŹ˵㣬ͰѴķ綼ˡ
룬Һ㣬аҶܲˣο⻹źӡů¯ŵ׻һǻ˹ʣʱͼ˵˵ʱ͵ˣͻȻǰ߿꿪ҪѲ¶Ϣ
Ѳ¶ϯϹֱ֮ߵϾͿʼ룬úԺ˭ųȥڻźӿ϶ǲܸȥˣ·طҲܵźҪһܸɵܴŵģ̫ģɰϸˡ
Ȼֱ߲ôĹҲѵò廰˵ܳȥһҪúõɢɢġ⻰һϵͷͣﶼ֪ʲôϾȥ԰ɢĻϵģһûӵĻһϵĴ͸ˡ
鿴ǸиĴͻȻеţ֮ǰֻſԳȥ棬ûѺӸ¾ǵȿ˴Ҳһ갡ԼҪǸųȥǺô졣ЩӲԼȱ۵Ҳһ·Ҫô棬Լ˵˺Щˣڸ˵ȥҪ
²˵Ҳ˵ϻظ֮뻹ǰ¸˵ˣӻСܲӸǰɣҪزȥˣ
˵µʱطvݽţһ⻰վŽžʹӾͳֱֱ嵽ǰȥˣ
ǣⲻǸ˵ô졣鱻ͻȻ嵽Լǰطvһ˵֪Ϊʲôǿ϶˵ġ
˵ˣûطvĹĵĻ࣬½ҲݾĻȥˡûô£ūҲûףֲôŲܣϴֻʵȥ
û˵үǱ˲һ죬ֻҪû˯ҲˣԺ˯ѵʱ򣬲ŶԴһ䣺Ŷӣүء                        
շ˵ڶ~(ޣ)V
  Ϲأۺ䡣
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һչػҪ˸һ̸;, ʲô޲һ, ȻһǰһģԼ, żļƻ˭ں߸һһ۶ƼԷɻ󣬳׺ü⻹ͷһ⡣
ôô, ߵʱ򲻻˵½𡣡ƹǰЦüģѿҪĶӣֱӰԼ, תͷطv˵, ôò, ȥܵܣ
طvƨɸհӣⶼûȵ, ͱԼĻˡСʮ˲ŶӣƳɵ˯ʲôҲ, ԼʲôȥƵġ
ȥԼɵ, ƽڸӹ̫, һʲôС²˳ӡҲԼ, Ҫͷһӣ׶Ҳݲ
طv˵Ц, ҲֻԼҶֱָָߵĲյùŮԼϣȥӳȥˣ, ˵˵ɣôˡ
ûʲôǰߺȾƺȶ˵㣬е㷦һʲô¶ʱ˵Ǿ仰Ժˣʵ۵ۻ˯ˡϰ¶û뵽ԻͦһԼôôǲ硣
ŶԼĶʲôﻹ֪ܲСʮˣ˼òСϣɴҲԼϵ⣬ļϵǿ飬ܲҪ
鿴ʵȥֻðϵ¶˵ˡ֪طvСԶˣΪʲôֲԼһ˵ģĲҲﱦ̵ġӶһڸƨɳȥˣ˵ȥ
鲻ף˸ŵĳȴʮطvĶˡҪǶ˵Ĳǣǲǻί֣û˵µȷĲǣﻹСȻĲ¡ûҪǲȥطvһôô
طvѡӣҲöЩСʮ˻ôСγȥԼǿ϶ܸȥġٲȥûźܸţôүһôð
˵ȷû뵽ֻųſ϶ҪūţôźأطvôˣܲʲôӰɡϱû뵽ȥϱ˼ǲˡ
ūŸϱһҲȥҲȥһʲô¶Ҹ强˶ûСūŵʲôʱūţūΪӷǣҲÿԸԸáˣʱĲ
ǺﵽʱôأҲ֪ǳ˵ԼʵҲȥȥģֻʵԼҲĲ²Ǻ֮û仰ˡ
ʱѺ͵ʲôУʮ˸ֶ飬㵣ʲôû뵽ƽͦĺӣôûת˼Ҷųȥүǻ뷽跨ֻŷȥԼҵãϱϣϱĴúܡ
ǵʱɾͷŶˡе㲻˼ʮ˵ʱ򱾾Ͳɣ̸Ҳò࣬˿ҪһƯṬȥϱҪӸ£ǹԵġ
ҲкҸءǳзʱ򣬡˵̸ôĵضôūҾֻܿ۲ң¿ɾô˵˰
˵ϣǲͬҲˡͷȻ͸ˡĴ֪ԼҶԼһѣڲﱧŵܵܣ˸ոڳǰΣɫѿý
ʮֺѾ֮⣬֣Ҳʱߡ̸֣˶ˣطvҲִ֣ģСųʲôˣʣһ۾֪
֣ˣҶôˣҪĲСӰɡطv֪֣ǺģԼҲôˣ裬˵ȥ˲
Уү˵ūžͲˣʲôū˵һ緹ūŸԼĺʲôƢ֣һԸ˵Ǿ˭ʶûá
԰ӣ˵ġһ˵˰ӣǾֻ֣ˡ⿴ż򵥣һүľԸӣ˵ȥе㺮̸˶֪֣˴ǿһ
ˣūžȥ׼ȥ֣ǹģСûʱڼϲԼҴڳתơ̸ǿյӵۡطvڰӲùʱ򣬾ȫֵ֣տС˲
ʮ˵СôܿǸ麢ӣøܳﶺ֪۾ŵתطvȥԩңɴ͵ڲϣԼܵ档
Ŀյůͣ˯֮طvһҲûô˯ãȿһѬ˯ȥˡȵҪԷˣǱңڿһһСֵ˯ӣЦ
ʱģʱ鶼˿һ뷹ˡ֣֣ô󰡡ָ֣طv˽ӣƽʱôҲûԹ
һһ˰ɡһ˰Ӿ֪϶طvĲˡⶫҲѹӺͰ廨˵ֻֻ֣ᡣ
ҪóԻ㣬Ǻʱ͵´С̫֣ѧѧѧȥҲûѧᡣϸһֵ˶һJ֮Ǹطv룬Ҫ֣ҲԸĲˡ
һأѵүԵģⲻһͺˡճİӿȥֺóԣ־һԲ꣬˵ÿͶʣ²٣ܾõԼû꣬ǲˡ
طv֪ԼϱͶѾѲʱĹ˵ˣԹԵϴ飬Ǽһһ͵Ҳ졣׼øӣû뵽ͰĴһΪߵݹҳԲꡣ
طv˵Բʣ£ɵݶݵֱˣʵںݲĲ档ѵôϲֽӣҲеϹҲסջİӾͱ˸ùȥˡ
ٺóԣҲ˿ֱˣӵţ쵽Ǳģջȴסšü£ǳע߶ˣطvŰ˸ſ
ЩСֻԼû˿ҲôǡԼѵռϷ磬ٸ˸ˡ극ӹ˸տʼû˵鿴˺üʵ̲סžͶ
Ѳ£˵ˡ鲻һˣҶ˵ãʱͰӰ͵ȥҰţòá
طvû뵽ôתۣƽʱ˳ܶԼȷԼүǣЩҲӦġǲԸϡͿĻȥ֪֪ʲô
֪˵ֻҪԸ˵Ǳʲô˵òܵŻʰȥҲɡȥҲȥһ·һر𲻺á
ԡ⻰طvҪĲֹүĲ
ʲô鱻䲻Զ˵ˣ˿ɲΪϲ˵͵͵Լ˵ЩԴ׵Ựôֲˡ
ү˵һΣˡ¶طvֺЦүˣ˱¹˭¾ǶӣҲүߡҪǸֻүʲôү𡣡
룬⻰˵ÿɹԵġа˵һһ㶣㡭뷴ֲ֪Ӻ˵ƾĶۣԼҲҪһôͲء
ʲôв˵˵ү۸㣬Υĵ¶үҲϧǿˡطvŤų¶һ죬תͷ
У󰡣˭Ҳүȥ鿴΢΢ĽëͻȻͨˡⱲӲֻһһԼԼְĲȫȥ¶ǰļϷԼԸġ                        
շĩӴ~

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˵ҪȥѲ¶黹ûʮͿʼæҪʰ¶, ôԶ, ô˭˭Ƕð׵ˡ
ҿңûǰ, ӻǱϱȥʡܺطv, ܴСڸûԶţطvӦ˴, ˵Сһû˯ҹȥǱ˺Ⱦ, ˻Ҫʫһ, Ҫڻǵðӳȥɡ
߳÷, ȫˡΪ÷첻˺ü죬Ӧһ, ŰСЦģʱ鶼Լз緶, ˼ԺԼѾ, ˭ȥ˭ȥ, Ƕء
˵⻰ʱԼ˼Ȳѩ, ˳ѸǩǩˡϾѩһͣһҾҪһȥˣ֮ǰ˵õⲻ£ǾֻóʱϸڶöС
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ʱҷţһҲʮҲֻҪǺԺǶû徻ʱ˶ٵ治ں˵ҪȥѲһ˼ȫ뷨ԼǳطKȥԺʱĥһ컹۶ӵġ
˵òŸȥܴӦ𡣡Ҳ汻ַˣ˵һ㶼˼ɣ⻰ﻰ༸ûвͷġ
ɲǸϲˣ֮ǰŸﵽ˭ųźã֪ػʰּ⣬ھǿңʡˡ֮ǰʵ˺ü£Ҫ֪ҲҪųŵģҪǸطŵûѡãԼԹ䡣
û뵽쿵ѡھؼҵˣȻϴ塣˭˭үǲ˵ʲô˼ϲЩߵ¶üеģȥãﶼԼʡġ
ҲУʱߣ̶·ʲô¶Żɶ͵屴ոȥ̶ӵ£ĵĪطKһһӣżء
İɣǶɽ¥ƹɳȥˣУгʲôţ˵Ǹ׵ֻٶ⼸үסˣһΪֳܸúãƶˣɳúõľռˡطKĻ˵ǾǣÿγȥǶػǸɸɾģԸһЩ
ͻΪҶ£ôһֱŲڲ׵ģʼָָ㣬ƣڵ˵ĵﶼ̿ڣͿλүʲôʱͣ½
˵ˣûҲųȥǸֵӣ¿ɺһܼǧԶһ·Ūʲô۶λҰ
ﻰȥ½ڵʱ򸻲ҶԼһΣǻﻰⶼżˣ仰ףԼҲñ߹ģ͸ͷҸ·죬Щɼҡ
Ȱ˵ģⲻȰûȰɹƵøԶˡԼ߸հ̶˼ҾëԼҪҲȥտʼԼûã˵Ǳߣɽ¥Ҳ벻˰
ɲǻҲ˵ģͰɽ¥ΰٺ˴ͷβ˵һ飬˵׾Ҫȥ֪汻ϱƼˣȥ㡣ԼĴϰɣֲִֵ֣ƫԼ˵ͷӦˡ
ɩӣҼҴ˵һ⣬ʮüҲû룬ǰģžͲǸӵˣôôˡϸطKһأǳúãɶϲǸģˣҪȻϾųҲãһҲŪ檻
ô˵ء֪гǻطvҲôʹйаںǾ׵ӣ˵Ůϲڵ£ȴʲôóֵŵ㡣
һëҲ֪˭ҪвҲһðӴӴ󣬵зִ硣ҵײϾǸүǣߺöµ֪ٶᣬƻ˶ˡ
ƹ˶ˣɰ±еĶٴĹأֻһҰҲ⣬ֵַأ⼸Լúãռ׹ӵĶһ㣬Ҳڱ¶ϳͣõҲˡ
⻰˵ü˶סͷ˸пĶ࣬Լλүץֵ̫ܸˣүҲ֣ôһ۵ĿĲԼ
үۣϾ͵øŲģҪѲǻӵĵطүѾóʱû˯ˡ˲岻죬ҲȰȰۿûþҪʱæҲˡ
æʱʱ죬ܾһѩЩû꣬Ҫů͸еõȡɽҸиæඨ³ӣ˲ż̧ͷӣҪˡ
̶ӵĻˣɹȥ·ӣطKר˶Ѱϰͷɹž̵˶ѹǻ˴ġ
ͱʥѲ죬̶ͦȥ붯СܡˣǱ̶һ￵֪ˡȥϾǻв²죬ԺβͼææʹùҲȥ
˽нһʣȻ˵ԺûɵԼԸɵ¶õʱµʶӵûطĶͷһȴ˵׬ӡ
⻰һĪ˵ȫ޲۾үӵĳ汻ԼƼôүסԼƢŶȥ˺ôûߵϡòƾͺòưɣôòĵ¶ܱ춢ԼƨɵλӵĶǿ
үĻˡȫصԼȥ˰֪֡λү⣬̶ӻûӻջͷ̣֮һ·Ƕû͵ڿȫǵ˶֪ˡ
ߣеС¼ѾˣͲ͵͵ţ͵ڱ˵Ͼ󷽷̨棬˵˻ڣôҲˡ˶ţ̫ûʲô²û
ǣūסȫЦӦ£պõƱү̬ȣү˵ûġȥ仹þүײҪӣֶ󷽵úܡ
˵߼ҵİѺͽˣҪ﹬ⶼæúܣ̸Ǳ߿缸ȥһ˾˵˺Ҫ¶Сʮ˱òǸ֪˵ˣԼȥҲûʲôõĻ㶮¶ˣܺõĳá
ǣһ߸ͰѺﰢ͵ˡ˵ﰢˣǶֵģ߸᲻úӡ
⻰һ˵ˣӰǰ˵ʱɶˡ͵̸֮󣬰Сʮߣ͸˸һȲҪһȥС棬Լ˵Ҫ߸֣Сƨûͷ
ǲ᲻öӣǲģģԭΪܸԼֲ߰ɣɺӻСô࣬С棬Ǿ͹˲ôˡ
ظ˵ĹĵӰطvֲ֧˭˵Ѻ͵ȥԼһ˵ģԴ㶨˶ӵȥŸϽѶ͵̸ȥٹһ硣
˵ֺūչţԼԶ֣ÿ컨ںϵʱ仹ǲ٣Һ顣ʱԼʲô£Ǳߺӿֱ˵ǰˣԼ͵ڳרȥ
ЦɣҿЦʲôʱ򡣡˱ʵطvǸۺӵǸĳӣִӳͽġطv˵廹ǲһġƽʱ޵ʱǻ᲻ͷطvڼңȴһֱŶӡ
ĻطvǲŵģҪ˵һÿءûһ죬ҹڴϣҲźȥˣ᷿һ㶯ûУطvȥ˯ţٲЩӰԵӴ׶ҪԵˣ˵ûӰޣôϾòþء                        
շ˰治ǴͳϵĺˣϲĹ

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ֻϧþҲûãѾȥ˳Ƕ, Ҳһգ۾͵ҪӡطvҪʥݳ, һ±㶼ˡż, ҲɵŵȣҪ۵ȥϿһҲ, үǰţʱٳҲ١
һǵĴѲ, ֮ǰطvҲ͸ųȥһ, һҲġ˵, ǰŻʰ·ĸʱʥӦĸŶйص, һطvǵԼͳ˰Źʱʥݳ˾ǡ
Ҳ̫, 㵽ʱҲ취͵͵, ʲôȥˡ˵ѩůЩ, ߴô, 黹ͦĵġ
֪ˣǰûôµİطv, ϵЦģû١˳緹ʱϱŴˣƽʱԺԴӳ밲͸ӴӲطvǰ¶档ֻǲŸԼʶʱ, ôҪԶţԼҲӦôһˡ
Ǹϻ۵ĺӣգ۶ѾѧẰˡ˵һѧľǺ꣬⻰ǼٲҪĽа꣬Ѿطv÷ֲ嶫
ǳȥҲ֪ҪûﶼˣӦûʲôµġѰҲ£÷Ƕʱ򲻹Ҫ˭ǽʹõġ
طvŴһһĺ꣬϶Լطvȥֻʣһ׵ˣ񻹺˵ºԺλһֲԼֲڣūǵ
ģūŻᾡŵġ߸˵⻰˼ʵһߵĴϡͲⱴүԼûг谮ǺӻСԼܺúҲٲطv⣬¾ƽʱܶἸ䣬Դ˵ҲǺ¡ڿǸŮòһ˺ƤҲֵˡ
ˣʱˣ˵ɡطv֪ϹΪʲôСڹﳤĺĻ᲻Ǹõģô˴ûôùǣԼҲԸ
˰ѺӵݸһԵ֣طvתôһ䡣黹֪Ӱô˵ֻ磬ְ͵ԺſڣԶ˲תݡ
˶Զ˸ϽɡոֻȥطvҪʱûءոǳϷͦЦģطvǵС۶Լ
͹⸮ϳǶٹŲ߶˵˵׽Ҳáû밲Ĺأϱֻгһʮһˡ
Լ֪ΪʲôҲ̫ܵˣ֮ǰ˵˵ţҪô԰ܲǵãæڡҪǽѴִȥˡ
˵ǣūżסˡЩ˼˵ԼϵѾѵеѵãʵڼܲסԼ̫䳡ûǾԼߵѾ߶˵䳡ţԼһˡ
ʵûʲô˵ڻиڡСý󣬵ӴءﵽȥͷĶҲк̺Ӳ´ˤţҲ˵˵л棬ʱ仹ͦ졣鶼ûжãͻˡ
ʱˣүūŻרź򸣽ǸƨģһžͶŸЦģ˦Ҫš
˰ߵȥɡ˼«ӸͰ򷢳ȥˡԼò̫࣬Ժ̫඼ٽݣһֱֻߵ¶͸˵طv⼸ūˡôԶĴţźԼãҲڲǡ
ҪǾ͵öˣϱŴһֱ͵⣬һ·˵Ļԥԥ˵ֲ˵ӲԣǰūŻǲʲôҪ˵Ͼˣʲô¶Ͻ˵˵ϰ֮ˬô۸Ͳһˡ
û뵽ܲ³Ѵݸ˰ѺӱԶˣŰѻ˵һˣūŸͦͦģǲү͸֡
Ҫ˵治ԼĺӾûôأҪϲᣬһ㶼û귨ţԼطvҲֲšɴһ˼ҿǵӿɲǵŮοǸŮ
¹ﲻǵãԼնӦüšҲӺãԼ֣ҪȻԼûҵĲǣҪңˡ
ɣҲˣ·ϰٺһ¸ү˵ʱ򲻹Żôſ϶𸴡˵⻰Լ˼Ҳֻôˡ
ūл¡û뵽ô˳֮ǰԼѾ£˵Լ˵պȵҪ뺵ʱȻҪȡ֡
˼뻹ǲԸ⣬ǻõָڱүȡֵ岻һӸԼûĶﹻ׵ˣȡԼȡ
¾ô˵ˣȻȥɣůͱѺӶˡ˵ȵ˸ſڲųʴôԼ
ӣūű뺵ʱȻ͵øȡû뵽¡ովǸżԶҲ˵ʲôˡȷûѴϣҪ˵ǾͲǸ¶
Ҳ˵֮סˣԺ¶Ҫˣ͵ҡµֵֵùģ˵㡣ҸԼ׼Ķãֻ̫ԼһĶֵض
Լ¶ǾС¶˵¶¶Ҳ¶ǵһΣ֮ǰص˼λطvԼˡ
ʥݣŵһο۽硣ƽʱֵĴûˣؽֵҲţЩֵվ·ߣľųӽµϰգĴƵö˲ϡ棬Ҳôֿš;ĻʮһֻҪû˳£־ưɡ
ԼϵҾ͸үϺߣѾǿǰλáɼˣʥݺͻǰ·Ļɳﳾȫ鿴һ־͵ðѳ´ҪȻܲǾ
飬ڳǰֵĺͬһˣʲôóԵĶϳԵòֲ࣬ˡӹԽ񣬼ĶٺҲߵʳٴֲڣҲȼϲ
ظʥݳȥ˲٣һ·鷳ء·ͷ׼ţͬûǰû˵ʱ򣬿үѲ⣬ҪѲÿһ󶯾ＸͻŴȥͦóԵģʲôС̣ζɺˡ
ԵʲôūȥѵøָʹԼ£ء
ɣˣԼûأ˭֪ͷǴǵʲôʱˡ㲻£ʱϴҲܳԡ
˻ܿͬˣû󹦷ŴСߵ߶ܻЩҪǲūȥһˡͬתֱһءС̯ʲôĶУ黹û붹֭Ż
˹ˣҸôܳ԰ͦһѶÿò࣬ʤʽ࣬һһҲ㹻ˡ裬ֱСͣͣĥĥģҲȥ
ֱ浽ʱ֣˳ûǴĸۿڣӲͣϢȻ׼õĵط£ٻصԣԭ˵пվ͵ͷԼҲûأ㲻ȥվڳɽǡ
ʲôء˵⻰ϣǰߣͣҲһ㡣ʰϣû뵽Ťͷȥֵģ͹ˡ
ɩûʲô͸ոڳϳԶ˳ŵûţȥĽҰǰҲûطȥɲֻΧԼ⼸תơ
ʲôˣԳˡҲǵһθүţõòˣ˭һЦģǰ˾Ӻöˡ
ûǰū˲ɩҪҪպóﻹ̲衣̲ģСǺúȵʱһǰҲû˼ôһ˵ɴҲԼǶߵѾߣ͸һ
յĸȻҪд̲ʳĹӱ⣬ոջ˵ŵûųԲµˣⶼգһ̲¶ǡֱֶҲûȥֻ˵ˡ
ȵͦûʲôνǰߺò׳˿ﵽҸүûôˡүԼû˻һ£ڳﻹѾţүֻսսĻػ˵Ǹں߸Ƕ
ϲǺܻõˣүû뵽Ȼʹȥˡطvߣϣһ׹Ķ֪طvˣƿͦ˵ĳһ~
үүϿųˣС̲ţ輸̯߻йӣǻеĭûƵλʥ۵øһүǸƽӴˡ                        
շǸ˰ǲײĲᣬܼҲɣ͸ĽһǻԴ~~~

ʮ

үǰôûƳĸôóԡ˶ҹȻϽ͸үȥ, ҲλӸڳ, ۰ͰϱطvϽȥ
Ҳ֪ô£Ƕÿ, ոߵǶѳһƿ, 룬ζûҲ涼һû, Ƕôͳ̲ʹ̾, ˵㡣
û¶, ܳǸǺ¶ʱһֱһæ̶ӵ¶, ˶ʻ˲٣ҲԵøˡүһı, Ҳȥ˱𴦡
үǰæˮûһ, ⵹ڵúܡǱķΪ˵׳Եö಻ĵͦ, ˸ɩطvûôˡ
Թ, õĵٵǲ𿴵ʰ󣬿үʹǽһ˳Ӵ, ϳŵڣҲطvŰȿˮԵ㶫
ǰôæҲ֪㡣òǰ¶һ·, غԼˡطvһ߳ԶҲûţ֦˵ˮӸ˲ոŻаɣһˮǻģҲ֪߳˶
ЪɣҸ֧ɢɿɿ졣Ҫǰ֧ܣ˾ʹ³ճ궫ôһȥֲ֪Ҫϵ߶á
ˣǰ벻ˣҺĸҲѰ˵յŹģֻϾʮǰߣҲġسֱ嶼ڣ̫ǴһﲻģɲֻʣԼĸ綥ǰ
ϰ˵ܸɣɼܲסиﻹĹϣһңϰ˹صܾ͹æˡطv˵⻰ʱһ㶼ûϲǽסڰһŮ۽ԼˣҲû˭¶డ
Ӿ֪ʲôҪ˵֮ǽԵءطvϰʵûʲôҲûʲôڣɽｿԵ߰绯ʵİ˰磬ʹСһ·ˣô˻򲻵һȥ
úúãҲ˵ˣǰ߻ģϰû㣬ô˼Ը⡣˵֪ϰ˲һʲô³Ҳطvȥ˼ңϰ˼طvԿ
ɵңҲ͸˵䡣ϰôҲǵܵܣӲûϵҪִүͷһŲԼˣ治˵ˣȹȥˡ
طvԼߣϽû§Լ첲ʱˡûãϾֹˡ֣гкȵģǱ߶ס
ɩӹ˺ð̲趼ҼǻԲˣĹ裬ҪպϴպϣطvԶʽ룬ʱ򻹲оߡ
ððøոճ̸Զе壬ȵˡ˵ǳ̸ˣûŹֱߵ¿Ե𾢡
ɩӣθڿɲһֱԼܳԵһԼ۽ˡԼͳԲˣͶűһûһڵĺţϵĵĻһ١ϳԶ˹˹ģܲסͲͣ
ƣ㿴Ц˰ɣҲ֪ôˣرԡһԾͶĻţ̶̲ˡҲЩ˼ɷøûնã̲סȥˡ
ɩӣⲻ˰ɡ黳ʱжʱҲǼʲôʲôֱ޵׶ҪǼ︻ǶԼ
ᡣһϽڰ֣͵ʱӣ⼸궼أ̫ҽҲû˵ãĺ°ϵҪӣǸĴ󰢸磬ɵһӹµЩ
ıոɲǱô򵥣ԺЩŮţûһʡ͵ĵơԼǰѺ͵ǰԺǶȥְѺԺǰԺȫˣŷĳ
ô˵Ҳٶ˵ʲôʣһ·˾ͳԳģ˵˵ЦЦģֱͣƿӿԶߴׯصɵ˿ǵطˡ
ۣҲĵǴЪϢطֵĴ׹ʥݡ̫ӺǺߣøһҡһһ룬Żͦһ·ĵùˣҲԻʰûūڣ䴬ʰþˡ
ʰ֮鿿ϵ˻һȾ͵ȵԼ˯һ˲Ŵ߽˰ɣϽЪЪһòף˵ӶۣҲ˵ʲôͺһ·ѥӣٰѰһ֧ܸ
һãڻʰǱŵĸ磬ҽȻˡүǸֳʮʥǱߣԼ͵˸
ź극ֶ֮ˮݽšطvѵܵźһʱֱҪܳˡôôðطvߣ˿ûͷһ
ʰʹùǺ㲻а鵹ǲ飬࣬ϲζ
ǸãɵöЩطvǸûģ˵˵־÷ŵĵطŲֻϧʵ۵úˣûأ˾Ϳ˯ˡ                        
շ2ţܾӦһдг̣ԾĶ~(ţ 3)

ʮ

ʥݳѲûеɺ棬˴֮ˮ·, ߵķⶥʱҲͿùġطv, һԹ緹ʥǱȥˡ˵;ĹԱҪϴʥ⼸үҲùȥš
, ŮȻҪԼԼӡ١ͳû鲻ȥĸǰ, еһǶȥʱ黹רȥװͷ, Ȼϴ˵, Ҷ֪, ǶҲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
Ͽȥ񲻴ã˵ҪͲȥ, Ҹͷٵˡ˼־ҪүĸôΪһѾ, ֪˵ʲô, ֻʾ, СǶȥˡ
˼æ, еı˰ڼװϿӾϧһ绹û, ¶ܾԼУɾбԼеģ̫Ԫ̫ȻӲЩǶȥҲӲع칬ͷϾλ, ̫ǰŵĿ
̫ң鿴Ŵ̫Ǳ߹̫ûֻϸһ̬ȴָϴع칬ƼūһƲʲôϴԼع칬ûж̫棬֮˱ԽûʲôԼ֮һ½һ£͸ٽˡ
ǣ̫߸ءػūλȴŲô̫룬²Ҳֻݣϳ˹ȥ
ʱˣһүǧЩЪ¡ʱˣطvߵʱ˵羡һˣԼ͵ءһ˱û˵仰ϻ˯ˡһȴƽ˵Ļᶼ١
ģҪūҲȥɡֻӹȥ֦Ѳôġϳūź򣬿̫Ƕ⼸Ѿ߿Ǿ͸̶Ѩ࣬һ౴ү̫Ƕ˶ٿˣ̫øȥ˵ûġ
İɣǺšֲȥ˶Ӯ¶ԼǰҴ˴ȥ˼̫ҪӦԼǶƤӵ¶
Ǳﲻ̤ʵ̫ʯҲûɣǰЩ֮䣬߼λʯϿ˻֮⣬ûʲô֮ԼҲ֮ϻڹԼÿɲ˴Բӣʵ˵ʯûʲô÷ӡ
ŵǲܸ֪ˣҪطiӷҪܵܣ£ΪҲۿǲˣ˼Լվ˽ŸڻʰǶţʱΪǻʰҲͬ⡣
ǰߴϢԼǲ߼ҵġʯϱЩеûģѾŽˡ̫ӵĴԼǱߵĴֻ̫һţȻȺɲ١һ·һʵ˼ûУֻ֪Ϊʲô
ˣϽһ·ɰɡһţ㱻ʯ̬ŵְѽŸȥ˿Ѿ㵱طvԼ˵ģ̫Լתǲģôĺ᲻̫ء
ҰҴһһۣǳڹ⣬Ҳ벻һڹߡغò׳͸͸ɲͰˡʯһ̬飬߰Ӷǽġ
̫˵Цˣ벻ڣ߶Ļ޲һ۷ȥ̫סڿרŸ̫ݵع칬˼˵Ǳ벻һڹ⻰ڲ̫˵ҪõЩּҳĵܵô밡
͸Ҽˣƽôֻʣ̫ˣ󰡾Ҷɩˡ̫գգ͵۾֪ôģνԼż¶㲻ʲô
ͱˣ̫ڻʰǶһԷ̫˲ߣҲ˵԰ܲܶԼԾͳ԰ɡ
Ҫ˵˼Ҳ̫أǰ߸ϵ˶üֱԼҸڴɩһı¿ɲһеġԸĹһԼϰϰߣϳԵĺòãʲôԵĺóԵĸȥһƽﶼЩʲôʲôǲģ˵Ҳѧһѧ
ɩǲʲô°Ҫ˵˵¡һٷʲôԲ£ʵ̲סǷ¿ֱˡûôˬˣѧʲôأԼǲԼ˵ͳȥˣ˾԰ȥǲ˵̫ܳ
㣬˵ЦɩҲżˡЩ̫æСٲһع칬̫µˡ̫˵⻰ʱ仹ǰЦģļȴҲסġԾŰҪиӾͺˡ
⻰⣬ǲΪʲôҪ˵ԼԼֲܰӣ˵˾̫ǵУع칬檣Ƕ˰ɣû̫Ҫȥ
ǰиϢ˵ĵˣڵǶġ̫ϢʱĽ⼸һֱ̫ӣŲʵʲôû¡˵Ƴĵˣǲô°
Ҿôһʣ˰Ǻ°ʵͲ˸˾ŲʮôԵģûв̬ɲ
һ˵˵ģãˡⲻɩӾˣ˵һУմմҲá⻰˵ûӵɳԼǸŮİҪǸеүܷŹԼԼϱ˹Ͳͷϣ㵽Լһ˵ϱˣүĶ˵ȥ
˿ŲǽʱʯϾ뺢ۣ˭˵ûã׼˵¶͵һߵڡҲø˵ʲôʲôԼʲô˵ʱûУ⾢Ҳɢˡ
ԼҪģʯϵǵЦûͣϴͶԼϽ˸ھ˳ٻصԼϣֱ˲ƤһûյţͱһֱԼϸסˡ
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ôҲû뵽ΪһЦ̫Լͦ˵ģԼӡ㶼֪ǱһϲʲôƽʱʲôҲû취ԣһͷŲš
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û뵽뵽ǶȥʱһҾô˳һ˵˵˵׼֪ڶͳãúܡ
˵ӾǸϲ˶˵˵޸֮ǲǱ֮ǰ˳ˡϱүЩֵʲôǿġ߲˵öѣҪڱһһڵء
ұ˵ߣ̸Ҳ֮ԽԽõġҪôﶼϰ飬ٵһء
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⻰˵˵æû˱үæ⻰˼ֲתԼүȥ˵ûɩ⻰ٲ˵ˡ
ɱСλҪӵģ˵ˮ˵ϰǱߣʿУĶˣˮǶһץһѡ̫˵ǻ˵ǱҲ
û˵ŲЩ֮ûãطvͻˡһͱԼߣүһ첻˵ү˶ǲô°
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ļΪԼһ仰˺ӣѣӰһˣԼҶûأܽĲɡ
ôү֪𡣡Ӳϵͷתӽ§סطvү֪Բ֪𡣡
ԾԣطvҲܸջŶӣһӱ󹷶һ˹ȥҲֻүһˣ棬ٸүһɡ
죡ʲôʱ˻п˵սһѶס죬ڴϣȵҲˮصĻΣ˾һ𣬻ֲ嵽ڶǴڶ                        
շҪǺ͸ô˵ƨӹͣ
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Щ˽µĶһҲӲ۾ȫĻЦһ鱾Ӹӵ輸ȥˡȥ֣͵̫Ƕȥ
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ȫºܿ죬͵̫ӴҲʱĹ̫Ҳ˵ˣԼʰ͹֣ϰ㲻ݶûУϾ̫ǻʰѡģҲǻʰ겻⡣ŤͷһԵ̫˵ǧ֣˵ȥˣ˿ҵʯϡ
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ӴѵãǸ缸ôһˡɩӣ⻰Ҳʧֻǵȵ˶žһ˲˳ϾʮȻ˸ʮ
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Уֽ㣬Űɡ±ЩСİ粻࣬ϸպǰСܻС۽üɷƲ˭֪·ǰ㿲ǰٻء
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ģϿճ˺ĢϵĻͣζˬˡϴ֮ԺʳԵö࣬˰ϴĸˣҪ´ЩҲ
ʣµСûˣĳӸնԼǿըִСзϺ׵¾ƲˣһӰڼװϵϯ棬治үǰӰߣְȥ絹Ҳ⡣
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ʱȼҪܽǲйˡʮֱţϽȥ÷ţˬ÷֭ˮḻʮ˴㻺˹
ֳŵܵͷһЦÿϴôһֱʥǰţҲ˲ɢֵܳԵһ뻹ūŰ˾һͺȵ΢
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ϹأµؽżæҪסĵضʰСɽ˵ûʲôˣȴ˰ӰȥϺͶǱʣҲ˵˶ûء
ȲˣǰѲŰɣү˵ڲھǣȥҲңϾһСľͳ˿̽ʥ⣬ǾˡľͷŲ£طvǶӣɶڿǰСš
һһʥԣطvǽģ֮۵òҲ˯šǵԼ§Ŷͷ޽ǲ˯˸ûʱ򻹲ˣҲЩˡ                        
շңӰ࣡ȥˣ

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һȾһֱȵҹŰ˸ȻԺſڵȵŶߵòȵʱ, Ͻһ, ߣҲʵô, ǲǻ˰
ԺͷҲƲ壬ֱ, ſҰ׵ɫʲôˣǲʲôططvֱ, ֻԼ, һҲûƼĶѪ, Ķá
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շǲǺܳ

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üϵĻû˵ҪԹҲֲ, ˼Ժ̫ûض߿ĿʯϿһʲôģе, ﶼ̫ūŹĻ˵Ҫȫ, ʲôλȫ̫ᡣ
ŵʱʯϵ˼ӦĻĶȥ, ձʰѵϸʵʵβ, ƫԼλ̫үǸ, ԽøʲôԽҪ, Լ˵˲㣬̫үŤͷͰ˶, ͵ȥ
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⼸λﱾˡ̫ͼ˹̫࣬ԼĻŵƵ˶İڰ־ǰҪȥ
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˻ʰöˣʰ굹ǲºܻҲʰԼһεطi¶ҲѹζʰǼɵԼ̫ӣԼ̫괢ʰԼȲˡ
ԼôǴʰŻúܣ˵ӵǵ̲˶ӷ̫ӣǶ̲˰Ǵ治֮¡
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̫̫ʱ򻹶̣ûƷУһȰʱ֡طiʱҲʯϣû޸Լ֮ǰʯһΣʱʯϻûָΪ̫ǸʲôʱЦ۵Сֻϧȵ޸Լ֮ЩûƼЦ
طiʯϺټ̫Լ˵ʱͷȵĴָԼֱϣһʱֱ治ʲôСʵ̫ѾܾòԼͻȻԼ֪ô졣
ûȵԼҪλػطiˣ·ոһ˿´йߵſڿѾױ־δˣ߰ɣҲÿˡ
̫Ժ¶סˣ̫Ӹǰ꼻һֵ˶ڶ֪ı㶼֪ˡЩʱ򲻽ҡͷƾ˵̫Ǳְ㲻Ĵԣǲ֪˵ʲôá
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İɣЩʯͷƬʲôģūȥƹûʲôرƵ۵ĶǾŴˡ۹Ѱ˸˲ֹһ㣬ЩԱĶӹҿء
ҲʲôɵӣЩҪͶ˼ģҪŵģܺһ˽Ӳϲˣͳȥ߶ڴ߱үŲýſء
ûʲô͵İɣҪǱңʲôٰͻȥ͵ˣҲڡϾʮǶ˶Լ߷ƽ˾ģе㲻ϰߡҪ˵˶ҵ鷳أΪķԼûҲŲþ
ʲôأ˭Ҹۼұү˰͹һֱү޼䣬ˡʣɫЩ֡߱ոϸ˳ר裬ɹŸ¶ǰ߰ţĸùߵĻӡ
ЩŮ԰ӵģʮа˾͵ĲǼŮյŮ˺͸ӵġɵҲǷô󣬰װ˷ҲϧӰ
ӵĻҲе㲻˼Լˡúúãû¾ͺҲһ䣬ôǵӹһ˵ͷ
ū뱴үˡǴΣͱүûֿôáһеģԼǺطvһ̫ˣõϰôˡͻȻЩ첻вġ
ڿŶӳȥҲͼ¶ûһȥͷ
طvߵôæҲͻȻֱһ׼ûУҹ鶼Ҫϴ˯ˣͻȻֵġ֦żæŽŶƽЩүˡ
طvλò˶٣ݾ̱ϣ۵û˵ʥݳȥǸţȥˣһ·Żƺӵ̷ߣûƵù۵ĵطӵأˮλߣºˮذٵط
ʰ⼸Խʴȣ俴ƼذЩֵϰգȻһԴʮʯַָʥּһ£Ī˵Լˣĺûּ
ҪͽȻ󻧲Ǽȷȥġ¿ɺã·ϾͱˣǱүԽصģ˵ȥЦ˵ˣ˼˴Ϲ߶˽һôҲܶ׬ӣ¿ɲȫûˡ
ʥּһ£ֻмʹɲûûҹæ⵵¶ѹĹֱţү˵ؾͽأЩʳǸؽ˰ˣʲô˵ɶûסܾܲ˵ûյʱԼһ˰ɡ
һСĶٳʮʯʳ´˭Ҷԣһգ۾óôʳġֻû͵شװĹүү֪˶ٿִ࣬˶ٰƱǿЩÿʳߡ
î£¿ɺãˡÿ겦޺ӵ̵ӱǶƴģְѸû˵ʳŲˡʰ겻˵Щθڱϳʰɾ֪öӲô¡طvвҲ˵̫ףֻ㲻岻ıԹ䣬˳˳ͷĻ
ô˵ҲʵˣĶһ㶼û⼸طvǹڵģЬ׶ӶöƲЬʲôɫ֧ܽϣ¸㶼ѹؽڸĥƤˡ
ܹͳȥ˾͸˲Ƥ࣬һ߸˲ϴһ߶ݺݵҪ飬ȥźģô°ܲܵˣܵͻˣûˣ
˺˺ˣزûЪҪھǣ黹ңֻҪ¶˵ɳ˱Ǿûˣ˵㣬үطvҲ˼ССûôƶֻлϡ
Уػ˾ͺЪţ׼ȥˡѳǲ֧ܳŵģǾͺţʲôʱ˵
ڶ쿵ʮһɵ㶵վͷĸ߸ء
ʰ꣬ոɩɩū˵ˣ˵Ǹǲˣ졣ʮͷûף´ʱ򲻻úõôͲˡ
һ⻰ףⲻǶӲˣǶϱвԼʹ̫ˡһʱ˵ʲôܣϱۣҲǺ¶                        
շҪ~ӸǼӲˣȻҪˣҿĵĺ~
  Ϲأۺ~(ţ 3)

ʮ

ϱǿѹﲻţطvڴϱιŸյ´߶߶ٸү, үϾͲƲƤ, ͸үѹ죬üһǲ, үɵۡ
ûڻأԼʵ, רŰӸطv˻һүƢǧ, ү, Ҫ˵ʲô˵, Ǹ˼ū
, ү˵һǼܶʮ䣬үøϻ, Ͻİү֧ǰű뵽ǰϷ, ϾźžͲԼȥ, ˵±˺þ, ȥû֧ܳߣطvûŰ, ɲ͸ˡ
үΪūţūŸͷ˰ҡҡͷ˵ĶˣʱҲūŲס˵ǲ
, ˵СѾԽԽˣ⻹żҰ±ӰɡطvˣôסˡҪѾ߸ˣ˻Լû
үūţūŵҲˣڸүǰźһͦõġӱߵöҲߣһһ׵˵طvֱ
Уүù㣬ʹ˵ɣӰѶĶˣҪ˵ү㡣Ҫǲ˵˵㣬үǰҲû˵꣬ѾطvͻȻɱ˸ǹˣк仰ǶĿû˵Լ
Ҳʲôѻ˵꣬߱үϴЦһһطvǰŵطvֺ˽ϵĲЬشȥ
ǣ𶯣׼˰үû˵ʲôأҺ˰طvˣԼһϣʲôʱʲôǶźˣһʱ͵߶ɡ
ﰡһܳ㱴үûϢͺЦҲת˸䣬ȥߵ֧ܸ˳·ϾϾǱߵūˣ˵ȾȥҲͽϵĻźү𡣡
ҪʵԴӳһ˾û˾Ъһ죬һ·Ьܻ˫ٲͣһͣ氾˭ġ鿴ʲôûҪԼҪٺøʮģڳ˲ӲÿԼ
үˣطv֪Լ֮ǰһֱҲã˲žе㲻Ծͷ˯һýⷦˣԷʱÿӵֱֶ⼸ãԼÿ˯һͷ麹̫ҽҲûãʲôëûо˵ҪЪš
ߣ᲻õٲţ˱ôҵ¶Ƥӣǰ˰֧ܴãЬãȾƿԣ˻ذ
߸ãʶͻݣôõ˶ôͱүء˱˱Ե§鲻ţүһèҲԼطvܿܳԣ
˵˵ģǵ¶ɰϵ߬ͷգϾǱź˶࣬ɱһž͸Լ۶ӡ
ģүֻװһˡطvһĻһζ޲ԵƷģϻûѾ߶ˡ
УٸϽȥٲȥҷ˰ֱܶŮ԰ӸͷԾǰߴϷ̨¼ϷҲʾʶԼӸҲеǰȥ㣬˼ԩңԼøϵǰȥء
طvһܳ£Ҳن£͸Ͻˡæ̲סЦҡͷ죬͸Ҫһ㣬Լյǰܾﲻ̤ʵϻһƻˡ
Ҳ̫űүˡ仰û˵˼Ѿ߶סطvèֱ͸źһⲻǲõģʲôҪź۵̿۶øһſſۺãҪôɳš
ѵһΣɡطvǸѳԼشôܲôߡˣ˵Щˣ߰ɣǰϷȥɡ
յˣٻﶼ˼ֱۣӾʣǲǶʲô¶ԼҲ˼٣ôµ֪ƽ٣ʱҲӦ
صĸĻûʲô˵¶ҲЬˣϱȥָ˵Ϲõ˶ֱЦ
ɱ۸ۼߣۼҺӿʵ½˵ǲǡϾŶطvϵȻԸ棬˵Ц׽
ţʵЩ˭ʵǳģԼҶʲôãҲūŲãӸˡôϾûɸ竣Ѿܲˡ
ϱĵͦã±ЩŵĹԱŮ첻Ҳ죬Цŵͷֱֻͣܶ˺ߵһһֱͣİߴ˲עⶼѡ
ɩӣǱλûǼǡֱܶ˵Ǹܸ˶ʥϿصúܣҪֱܶ⽮λҲֲ
ﶼûϵͷˣһֱԼ֮תƣҪ˵û˼Լǲŵġ˼ҿܶǧҲʮ˰ɡ
Ļ˼װףλܶû̧죬ҸĸԼӵͣСĹţֶˣѲһܶĴǧ𣬻ܽո檲ɡ˵ȥĲ˵滹ҪҪˡ
ҲǣֱܶǰҲλϴ𡣡ҲԼλүһӣ˼ƽƲء
ǰϹ룬ӵȼˡͶϰԵýζһԵȥ˵һиã˵ѡʮþȵģǲ֪ȥĶȥѡûѡѲȥ͵ð¶
Ҫѡ㣬Ǿ̧˵˼ҡ˵ж컯ٴ컯Ҳ¶Ǽһ˵ѡ㣬˼ˡ
⼸ѡ㲻ǴӼû죬϶Ҫģʱﲻܲ˶ѡ˿ɲƽЩèģ˵Ĳร´󷽳¶Ҳôˡ
Ϸ̨ϳǳǱеĵ˲ɴ߼ˣǰ߶˳鲻Ϸ˭֪ģôӸߣ߱ոûϷӣɼһϲͨ˵ߣˬ͵ͷˡ
ǳ徻ЩѽѽףڵĻšɣ԰Ǹ԰ӣ˻ûߣʣȷܿҲ泩
ʱ鷳ǻŵģЦЦûã˸Ȼϸոˡؽǰ߿ɲϣ˵ǹǿûš
鼸˻࿴˿Ҳ֪λʲô⣬ɴ˭ҲûȳżҲû𣬴󷽷֮󣬱˵鼸ͬΡ
ˣôԺܲ߶ˣﻹȥǰϷȥɡһճ̫ʲôƲ磬ǲΪá
⻰Ҳղߣǲñˣվɹʩ£ֻ鼸ԶˣŶߵѾ̾⼸λϣǶС
ϸˣĸžǸȴˣĸǵǳԲ˿רͷҲס߸ˣҲ˵ר⣬ƾƢҲվȽŸԼҲסŸûע⿴űλ̫ͣǿˣԼȴƵϡ
С㣬˵ҪȰүС·ҲӵˣοҪ͵Щʰ縮ȥءЩհǸϵΡ
˵ЩûõĻ׼ˣõŵ𡣡̾ԼȥСٹһҪģѵûɽɲССͽҲչ˲ЩүǱõѡ
ưɣСб¿ڼҾǹܼҵһѺ֣轫Ҳ˵ͷͷǵǲ֪λãô롣
Сò֪˼Ҳ֪λҲҪԼϯļơҲȥɣϻˣҲǼＸүǸòĵ¶ǿͿҹûбˡ
ǰİõ֣طK߼ܵɵֵܰͤ￿ţͦ⡣߸磬⼸û¶ͷ֪ӣ֪ĻΪҲȥˡ
طKǸҪе⻰˵ֵҲţҪҲԡľܶ͹ģȷǺöֻΪʲôƫƫŮ͵ϾͺѰζˡ
˰ɰܵûǸŻʰȥһˣ߾ˣߺôˣľ˵ءƺȾͺˣҪȥզզء
ϾֲɵӣȻ֪ܶ;ΪʲôԼŮɫһ£˶ҪӲһˡҪŮطK͸Ҹ첻ߣƷ缸ˣʱŮĶͣ˭Ҷϡ
ֵûҲöˣÿѲЩˡֻϧӶʹϻ˵úã޲檣檲͵͵͵šϸǲˣ
ܲ˭˵ȵ°ɢϷ˵Ļһǰϵ¶طv˵ˣǵطv˲ûЦǵˣ
ǵҲǣܶǧ󰡣Сǹ𡣡еף˶ǰˣҪ˵һ㲻ҲǼٵġ˵һ˿Ӳء
ȱľ̸ʣ֮ǰֵǰзɹŸҲûٹЩӣ´ҾͶǵ߱ջΪԼɹô¶ء
ģ¸үûϵүĽ𲻻˭طv֣θү⼸Ĳ˵ЩٹЩӻʰ¾ҪԼӦ졣
ʱ򷨿˵ûܸһôܵĹϵôңҷ˲ŰŮ͵ԼǰԼҲҲҪȥͼһûӰҪܶ
ģطvϱЦģطvӸϽõĴ׽Ͼŵ˴Ϻ죬ɫүžҼϣ͸Ҫˡ
طvЩģ¹±ߵūŻֵܱ㶼ʱţ⴮ԭطvϱȥ֪ͻȻ˸˲ʹ죬طvɲͰѶóˡ
ףĵ⴮Ϻ죬ƵȷÿѸոջһЦЦȫˡ
ϷˣֱҲˡ⼸ʮʮţصʳַò࣬һʥ¿ΣˡһߣǴûͣԽϱԽãպؽͳ׻˴װ˶ʻ
ϱӱϱߵˣⱲԼҶҲǳպ壬һ´ٺ˼ͻˡǲǵҸ˵ںݻиլӣϣҶģǲȥƣ
طvǵһݣϴѲȥɽߵײһطvߴߴʻƯ˶ֱЩۡҲܸյطҪҪɵıͷӦˡ
һӦ²Ҫ˻ھϹ˵Ļ鶼ǵģɫͦãֱطvȲ˲ſų
룡طv߳Сӣûһͷô˵ģôˡ
˵װŷ㣬˵ģʲôÿǲ˵ģǲǡطv˵ģǶǴϵĺ˭ˡ
Ҫ˵ģǺأ˱Ӵϳۻô¡ֻ֮ǰԼ벻˵ǶԶöôСˡطvëŵӴսһãȻˡ
۰ƽԼЩǵûֱУͻȻС˼Ȧطv治ϰߣﻹеġ
ܲ㡣鱻ɵӶЦˣваɣ۾ߣٲˣ
У˵ʲôСطvģҲ£һ·ڴϾ԰˵Ҫ¶ûӰ
ô֣ܺţ־Ҳסֻطv˸͵˳ȥ                        
շǶһ˹

ʮһ

԰ӣһ·ȥ, ѹʯϷھǵĲһط֮, ŴطvǶѰȣװģǰһûһҡ, ҡɱжۡ
طv߿˷ܾ֪˲ֹһˡѶص, ƽؾȹз, սֻ΢΢ճ̬ɾİڶ, ǹطv󶼲ڸ
ʲô, ˿ɶ࣬ү᣿طvʲô͵Ҫʲô, ŴӺ߸§סԼˣϽžһͰԼϵָȥүͲ, ˵߱үз磿
, ˵ô, 鷳ܿܳ, Ҳ̫ĥˡسһ֬۶ûߵý, طvϸϸëƵһӰ㣬˵ô𡣡
ɵһ˵طvԼڣ͸ᱻЦֱ顣үѧҵ𡣡ǲǺ, ⻰ŵǽ˸ˡ
ǰūŸţһƾǽ˶Ц÷ǵù·˶߶࿴һۡһεĶɣмﾹߺүǱƣŻͦ˵ġ
ھǲʶЩӵ˲࣬ʶƱӵľ͸ˡϵþͲǣ߶ײڻʳǸûʶֻļҵĹӳˣҪ˵Ǳү˼ûǡ
ߣүǱ˭˻˵طvƼˣü߷۶Ĵ󵨹ǶǳȥģҲ֪ʲôŮֲ壬빴үǣ
ôˣҶû˵ʲôүɲСˣҲ˭᲻ᣬϽ˾ǰߣͱõĴ
ʱղڣδ˻࣬СͰźõģѾеĹڵˡҪǲ֪ģźȻƵĹӡ
۰˼ҹսСطv˵˼ĹҾǽйʶʶɨˡ
ãôһ˵طv˵䶼ˡطvͦõ˵űӦŸڻСͷһ⡣¸ֵ˵¶ûš
˼ҹӦ类ʵʵԼһĶûУҲܴӸһ㵽ҪʲôôЩ켣³еǵҲ档
⻰ҲڶһҪǱطv֪˷ҪӲɡϵǴұģɫûʲô»ǺʣժҶˣֻһٵϼĵ׶˾ž֪ͳ˴롣
û뵽滹ôĶѧġϵľƴ붼طvӣȵ΢˿鱳ϣճ˵ýүð˿㣬Ҫ˶Ҳš
δ֮ǰ͸˵˵Ǽˣ˳ȥˣֻҪ־Ͳһֻ۱һֻۣӲŹ˳졣ŰߺĵľôʣͻȻܾ֮ǰϸԼ˵Ļ
ʱҾ룬ôͷǵһֻ۱һֲֻۣûӣҲܲǺȾҲᰡûܰס˵ķִ磬˭֪һʥּҾָ߱أ˵ʲô˫۾š˿ʱֱ͵ġ
ͳĹôôҰءطvߵٯҲȲϵ㣬ү˰仰ǰ󶼲ţطvϲ˵Լ˵źһ𣬷ֲֶһ
ýҲûͷѾԶˣֻԸԸѡǰֱͣһĶɿڣ浽˵ط
ׯû˵ʱģôҲͻһˣҪˣׯӵĵѹ׶ԼıŮ
ׯ˶ҵ˶֪عҪŹү׼ЩˡԽǵͻȻܼҲһ㶼ҡ
û뵽Ĺ̺͹үһƻЩġԼҹԾúܵĹүⱴүҲôԼҹ̸عЩ
Ҽ󲿷˶պһΪپ̶УЩ궼ԺաʤڵӺ񣬴⾫ɾ׵ıׯֲܿ֡ۼҸױǰ񣬵ǰĹ
Щ꿵ƹ㺺ѧǲǲҲϲطvȲţ߶ĿȾţҲЩҽϰ׶ׯ𾩳ֽûϱʽģ׶Щζֻва
طv˵ĻϵĶȴôƣ˸ūԺߣԭڱׯסһޣû˵ڹܼҾѾطvڻ԰ߡ
棬۳ʵİɡ԰иͤʱ˵ǲ䣬鱻ͤʯϣֻñƨɵֱð硣
ʲôⶼأߵӣֱסȥ·طv쵽ýİǴ¾ͰõĳиˣԭôҲôˣϱ±߶I࣬ѵȴЩIĴIϢ
IϢֱõĹ裬طvѹʯϵ𽵹ڻ԰ߵūź޲Լû䣬ׯĹܼҸͱԶˡӰ¹ǰ룬ūܵùԹԸں߲ƨɡ
ԭһȦȥԼûȥıׯƣ˭뵽˻ֳôĶһȥׯĹ̾ׯ˳Ұģ˵ȥ߶ˡ˵ҲûѳŰ¸ɴƹˤƻԼϲȥĻˡ
£үءѹζطv֪Լ洳ˣɴԼסˣߡſţһ·ûͣһֱ԰ӵԼԺſڣ˱
Ӵôˣˤˣúõ˳ȥôǱŻġżںʣûԼڵǱŶطv˵֣û¶ȥɡ
ûʲô¶ѱϡòƵ֮ʲô¶ϷţſӺ֦ţŰѲƵĳˤطvϣ߱ү˰
ǣҵĲǡطv֪治ˣҲ䷴ڶ˵һķСһʱû§סû»ˣǲǣΪô˲ֵ
㻹֪˰Ҹո˵Ҫˣﲻطvͷ࣬ԼŲסȶҪû꣬Ҫˡ
طvҲ֪Լˣʵû˵Լųû۵Ӿ̲סƽģӢӣ֡
̫طvһʱ벻ʲôʶԼ˼ү޲촧ڴţˣˡ鿴ȥᷢ⡣ǲҪԼɷطvĪ﷢š
ɣĶȥӣǲָװءûּûʧӣһʱ侹Ȼסˡţ˵ǾмŵˣҪҪһ
һ·ǵڶţߵûʲô£ϸһӰ̸ôôãֳˣѾˡõﻹе㲻ζԼĶͦãȻˣҲеʧ䡣
ãۿҲòŶˣҸɴ˵ˡֽĵ᲻ﶪ˵ӻǸûĸεͣλǸ첻ߵģӹÿ湻ʵġ
鰡˱ոҸӰүǣûطv岻ˣɴˣߵĶ͸ĶϴҪšֱڴˣûʵ
ˣ˵أûĹͰ˯˯ɡ˵طv̫ҽɽʵûټǼѾͷæסˡ
ǲס˰ҹܾô־ͷΡʵûˣǰ˯ҡطvܡ
طvﻹŽһ˯ÿˮҪˡͻȻҡѸֲϦǺϦǿҰ׵ɫžѹ
ҹ̫ҽ϶ʲôС£е̫ҽҲúܿ죬طvòУڴߴ粽롣ҪΪԼֳǾĻˡ̫ҽô˵˵仰
طvֱţ̫ҽȵʲ˹վһ۹£ϲүӦˣ磬˵ġ
ˣˣʱˣطvɤ۵û˵ǣûʲô󰭰ɡֵôףҪǶﺢӲô졣ϳԶЩӰ캢Ӱɡ
ҵҪжã̫ҽһƾ֪ô¶طv㲻ڶ塣ްֻүЩ̥ҩ˾ûˡ
̫ҽ˵Ļòᣬ̫ҽǱӺȥ÷Ӽҩ鿴Ÿ˵תƵˣºˣֶһɶɲˡ
ãһðү˵ҪҲүֵõطvЦøɵһߣֱһƤסɣطv۵Ҳ㣬˵úãֻҪôá
ڶֻϵϢȻǺܿ촫˳ȥи˵ϺͶľ͹ϲʧ̫ס̾ûմǷһԸյĹϣǿѹסʧͶʼɣѸչǰķˮűȥˡ
֪Ӷϱʲô͵ŽҪҶ鷳ĿûȫȫЦϲ¸˵ˡүǺ¶үиء
ǣԽฮԽȣһʱӵúܣֹֺô¶Ҳû¡ȸ޼£»ֳһ㡣                        

ʮ

Լֻ£ߵ˶, ǲԸ, ˵ҲֻΪʼɡȥֻԼûعһ, ѾӰҲûһ׼
ӣǲ̫˰ûž, ЩѾ߻һԼʲôĶȥ, ʲôɡϳǰطvЦǵ, ԼᵽǰЩʲôζ
, ԺСҪõĶ, ĶūԸŷġϸûӰСӷǶǰѾ߶û, дֺһԶ, Ҳ©ʱо, Ϊ߸Ѿߵ, ȻҪƾǡ
˵˭ˡڰִչС绹ҪʲôĻ, ˵⺢ӣǲ̫ˣŶ󰡣ֻˡ
, ̫̫ҪĸζЦءЩŴԺĸһһ󣬿ɾǺӲࡣĸҲ˺üŻڶԼøǶһݶ
鿴Цø˵ӣ֪Լ˵ͨô϶ǸС簡ҪǸСأӹô졣
ðӵСް˿϶ġ˵ҪǸɲͶŮ˫ȫôո𡣡߶һ£ôһ˵ūˣūɫϸЩС̫ؾϲ
ô˵Ϊѹ󣬸Ͻ˳Ļ˿ڣʵﻹǾã縮ţȵˡ
У㿴Űɡûٶ˵ʲôȴǰ¼ǵȥˡȵطvǰ߻һݱ§ʣǲǻϺ˭˵ʲôˡ
ûаǾŸ̫ˣϾӰ۰ǰ¶ôתһ֪϶͵ˣԼҲûϾõԼأôӵĶˡ
үΪôأýǺ°Ѳ㻹ԶЩүʮһʮ˴үˣվһطv⻰˵û˵š͵ʱ򣬵ʵֵ̫Զ
˵浱ɣүⰢ껹أҲʣܴܵɣʮ˱ӰСʵЩѡھͽˣżȥ̸ʮ׽׽Ҳûŷӡ
˵ˣ˭˵ˣү滹Ǹءһ̥ҲǸһƯĸ񣬵ʱүСһšطvһ״̬ͺãϸǸĨһϸüۣ˵ɣǲʲô¶
Ҫ˵ۼ⣬ү֪ءԭ˵ҪЩȥⲻפʰ˵Щӣʱس·ˡ·ǳ֮ǰֱԼǰֹطvЩӣûþҪǴ
Ǻ°طǾãֲÿ̶ϱ߶ҪôЩӣߵɽɽˮˮرˡ⻰û񿪴ˣرãʱҲϸ꣬һԺﻨݶøЩҪˣôһһ˵½ϰ
ˣ˵ӵ¶ǰæҾŶ˼¶ˣɵú롣ǰΪѲǳɽˮź֪ô¡
طvæýŴףԵʱӦϵ¶һֱûᣬŴȥҲǸ˵طvҪ룬Ȼȥٰڸϯ
Ӵ㲻˵үˣǵú롣Ҫ˵۸أ¶šطvȷǵˣһ治֪Ůȡʲôֺá
һĶ̫ЩǽЩһץһѣԼŮһġҪһǾͲӾ¶²żɡ
ż룬ؼҵʱˡٻȥɾͼ¶ˣıֶûãСѹΪС£ԽССĺЩ¶ǵԽ
ã˵ϣطvɴҲУһӾ鷿ȥȵҪ˲ŻλƳڵûҲʵҡҡͷû
ߴôöæˡҲԷɣһôأ롣벻ܱȷǿҪ㺢һӵ¶أˡ
ԣүҲôġһô˵طvϽ͸ŵͷ˵ƶͦô£ֻЦ
ҲطvȻܶЩӣǾٳ档ûûǰ߾ʹϢ˵̫ӲˡϢմһӦͷʸսŵطvǲ̫үˡ
طvһ⻰ͷۣԴֱ̫ү֮һ·˼Ӿһֱ䲻ȵģЩ±ߵĵܼܵм䱾ͺˣֳô¶ûض˵ȥ
Ҫ˵˺֮ʵ˭ҶûأԼ˻ػˣЩܵҲûõĶȥ˵Ķɩȥݽתһˣһɩͷͻǧӡ
˭Ҳû̫úݣϱ̫ӵĵ̣̫ӶٵūŶبţһط̫ӸǰͶ̫ǸȲɵģǸĶֺ˷纮Ͼˡ
үӵϢ֮ϾͰСĶСĶ԰ӵȫƫ֪СĶô͵̫ۣ˵ץ˵ʱ̫ӻٰ㲻ԸһȫԹȥ˴ߵġ
طv˵󷽷ȴ졣ԼһҹҲûõĶȥҪǶ˸СڣǱطvҲҪԹ䡣
ô찡ֵ̫Ҳû£ͼûҲ̫ӵʱ򡣵ȹһӵĺ˼ӡ
ȥ꣬ʰʰؼҡҪؼǾͺðˣԺūһ·ûѧᣬʰٶȱ˭졣
س̵·ʱҪ죬·ĥĥ£ȥ¾˰嵽Ҳһ·̣֮طvȰͻ˸ȥ
ְóѳԵˮãүҪڹﵢЩʱ䡣һ·ƽ˾Ҳ̫ƽ˾ˣ﷢ë
Ϊὲ͵Ŀ̫ӣһ·Ȼһ涼ûǱһʾǷ纮ûã¹˲ʰꡣ·ϵײʰӣڻؾ˿ɲͺˡ
µ׼طvҲû׼Ӹ·ϣ㶻˸ضҪ붹ˣĨȥĵܵȫվߴ磬طvүߣôߵţʰûý
ʲô̫Ӹءүһ˵ûϴԼЩھʲô¶öţʰҲڿӣ·һط˰֡֡үӵ׬ߺȹˣھæŲƨɵĶͷ
˰˹⻹ţȥֱϿֱļҪǾӪ˭ôֱһӳɻǼϴˣһ·սսֱ°ţô죬޾Ϳްɣžˡ
ɻûǮûˣ;ᶽֵôҪԷɡȥֱ£㱻ԼҴ߳ɾô˵ųԷϴʵû취ֻøһԵշתŲĴգ¶ˡ
һֱԼڳͰ͵˴첻˵˳үҲûһ仰ĵҲͰ̫ӽнȥˣǳĵӻġ
пడƵܵܣƣ۾ǲǶˡطvط߿ͬ鶼ûУѺôûүӸǰš;ЩūͷҪţЩҪʥʾʰšһᣬûõĶȥ
ططvС˭ңϾʮһЦ̵ֱ࣬ĵſس̲һ·ŻһȦ̫Ӵ߳˲һҭĵȥ                        
շͻȻˣ~Ѧޱٰ~
  Ϲأۺ~ҪϰˣҪĺ
ʮ

ЩֹʲôûҲܲµ߰˰ˡӳ, ԼС˼, ʲôϡ¶˼øɻʱ򻹵øɻҪǡ
˵߱ô, Ӧȷǻȥ, 뻹˵ˣҲи׼αôһֽûȥ, Ϊݹ, ð¶ȴû졣ǺɽˮӱҲ׸̫Զ, Щ̺ʹǰµ˾ûϹ
޴꣬Ѱ, ˣЩ̫ȻͣˡδѲ, δξҪȥ, Ϊ˰𡣲ǰֵ׵ʱ򵽵ײ, ү˵ҪѰǾ, Լɻǡ
±ߵĶӶɵûӦż, һ־öĶӴĶô죬˵˵
Ŷһ˵޾, ʵӶûǰɡҲ֪ĶţⲻǶ𡣿⻰һ±طvǼֱǿЦãүһһɶû˵ʲô
طvǾŲףүһءһ·ʲôϢû©£Ҫ뻧ûϷʰ˵ڵĻ϶ǲյģ˵˵˵ѣӣүһʱЩò׼
żǺ룬ӵɫɫϸƹˣͻ߰˳ɵĵ׶ֱҪӵ¶һ̧һ־Լ뷨˵ˣȴһָҭ˻ȥֻӡ
аɣ˵ˣôأűҲӦһ·Ϸ糾ûЪ˵¶ûǣŮ˺ӶţǸϽȥɡ
ĵѾ쵽˹ʱһȺӳʮʮĶǳ˼ҵģڹԭȥԶǶҲɴϽĳظҵˡ
Ƣûǰã˵ѵӾѵӣطvֵڹĥܾõĴ㣬û뵽컹ûھͻˡ˰ɣϽ·ЪЪϳĶ㰮Եġ
ôǵ˸طͳǵؽĲɫϾѵóһˣʵĿϧˡԵʱ򶼾ͦã˲ŷЩԹ˾ζôûҲͦġ
ջҲæھˡسһ·ڴϱùǺطvźӻҪԼʲôɣȥĶҲʵýزȥǱûͰͰ͵鷳˸ǺڵܵתˣŲæʲôá
طvȥתƣɴԼϣѸոչ¶˵˵үڻʰǰ̫ãƲҪү
˵󹬲øʵӺԺҲࡣɹǻģܵӸ˭ǲݰⱲӼ޽ʼǾȫҶиԼϣЩ¶Щүǲ˵ܸ˭˵
˰ҵ𣿡һֵ︡ȫϱӿЩӾҰʷС˵ԼзֲʵС
˭֪ȥǰЩпڿ˵ǰµĲ˰ɣȫǰ̫ӵţǼ˭Ҳô¡طv벻ЩεĲԼǷĸ
Ҳˣ̫ǴƹˤԼúҲү̹Ͼ߯û˼̫ܵøýĿԽԽСϴֱžҪҧڻʰô⣬˭֪Ϊʲô
ҪҲ֪ҪȰ۸ǵۣǻм𣬵ʱ˵طvʵʱҲǸͦìܵˣ֪Լûܵߣȴǲһͷ
ʱ˵طvû뵽ô˵¶ЩԼʲôɴûô˵
ʰǼʱ䣬ɲûż˼طvڵ˲٣϶ѵûţ㲻øȡʲôֶ˲ΪáʱϯҲиͷ
ȻҽһˣӰڶǶ²ºӲǵˣȥ߶¶ⱴүأԶ˭԰޲ôޣҵȥɡУλȥһ˶ͳ˵Ҷɩˣ㲻ǹǱ𣬵ȥһ˰ɡ
õõãȻһһ˵һүǲסСNɇNûͣطvöˣôô¶ôһ壬֮ǰõҵȰڵһȥ
Ƕģʱȥһ˸˳־͸ˡһŮֲҪϵߣûںЩ˸רŹ£ȥ˵һͳɡϯ͵æٳֲٳ֣ûţҲûʶˣʱ̫Ҳá
֮ǰˣҰҼɩӽո͵ˡ˲࣬ʱԺǱٰ߰Ϸӽнֲͳˡ
ӰģСҪҲʶ㣬үСԴ˵õҲûСǵҲû£ӻסƨûˡ
Ҳܣһȥطv˵Ҳ£ԼһԼ֣ĴҲ˵϶ˣȥ밲
֪֪϶ȥطv̾⸮﹬˵ҲǸʲôţĸСˣ
ʲôĸСˣ𣿡鲻᲻شⲻһ£Ҷֵ˸Сӣ˵òˣҰ㲻ȥ
ȥôȥʱҿ˽⣬ȥõġﶼףԼģٹ̣ôܲȥҵģʲôүˡ˵¶طvֱ˵û˺ø˲ףǵ¶׵Ժ󲻼ǵˡ
طvæŸ︮ļҳ¶һүȴһظͰԼ鷿ȥˡҪ˵ʰ¶ɣ˵󲻴˵СҲСҪӣүҪ¶ǾͶȥˡʲô˵ʲô˵үûá
˰ջؼôֵ鷿ˣ˵ңǺҵġʢŰһͷ鷿ߵ˵öԣЩүǰٺĻҲֻһ
˵ǲŵģүܸ𡣡үͦţԼĶáϴŶӣү鷿Ҳ·ϻѹ¶ᡣҪ˵˵ʰ굽ʲô˼
ʰ˼ҿɲֻ֪֪үҪʲôȥǡүðүǾûܱȵҶүػʰҲֻҪүĵģʰ׵ġ
ǣ¶Ӹˣǹۣ֮Щ϶˷ˣܲˡүԼҸ˵ģĥһϵǾеʱڲøүˣۣôô˵Ҳһ
˽ôĲҪýҵʱܽУ˳˭Ӷû¡˳֮רȫѶӵӸ˳һϸһ顣˵˵ǼС⼸춼ˡ
үĻֱ⼸춼ڼЪأ˵ûôšûţΪûšʥ뾩ôЩ죬ֱ˻̫ӵ񫣬ϴⱲӶۺ£̫ĥߴˡţҹ¶ţºòж˵ӣɲڸݿˡ
ߣ尡ӡҡҡͷû˵ڣֱӼ̵úܣһ仰ܽͲŴǰˡԼ˫ȫʲôã̫֣ɲ˴°
ı˵⼸춼ûţǰ˼ˡүͳѴүּûţȫҲûʲôӣλү϶ֽˡ
ĵдϸ£һĵġҲϸһû˵ֱͷβ˲̾ԼĶ˼µķĶû˵İ취Ҳֶ̫ӲҪǰİ죬ǵðѰö˲ɡֿ׻ǰүҲŵһȥˡ˵
屴һ糣߱գ߱ͦæȥ˸뺵¶ȥ˶ͳ˵Ƕͳүֵ˸үȫǴʲô˷ø
վ־ͲܿûоͰӷһȥˡߵĵЩأ̫ڣԵ뵽ĶдĶǰ˺һ
ӿĵʱ򲻶̫࣬󳤴󣬱ĲԱıѧ͸͸ġԽԽȵзСһԳҲ¡
˱⼸Ҳ˲ˣôûھǣšȫ˵ȫ˼˼ϰ˺ýʣǿģô˵áүҲͬˣȫҲƲøɾǳˣķľ͸˺
£ϾʮǾǴո֣طK˼ȫڻû̶ϣֻҪǲǮӴĶСҲˣȥ籣˵ȫ
ԼӰԼһֽ̳ģʵ̫ˡ۶õĲʵǼɵúܡ˽죬Ҳ֪ô                        
շ컹ڹϰЦ~~~

ʮ

ǰӵȥͷ컹ſھүӵô³̡ɵûͷʲô, ǹɾҲˡһȾһֱ춼ʼ, ʥּ
Ƕ˵˹뻹̫˵㡣ʥּ, Ĳ¸ڽĲӵ¶û, 缸
Ž֯ͷǮʰ, ˵׼ͷͭ, ǲŪ, ǻҪ׬һʡ
ҪǰҺ˾͸ðˣ궼޺, ֱӴȥ飬뿪, һáķӼֵû˭뵽, ع칬̫, ֮ȵ, ض̫ӳġ
̫ǴΪʰӦġүһ۳ԱԹطK, ⻰Ժ˵ˡطKһ׷ǰүͿҲ˵˵ϰطKҲˣүһʵˡ
˵ô˵үԼҲþԼд, ӴĶһֱʥּİ취ԯޡʰ취ֹʣǽԴϲʵ˳֮Ǯûķ
ĸ磬Ȳ衣үһŲ˵¼֪ܵܶô£үүţͻȻѲյǰ˵ݣ˵ģǺ¡
ǽ괺ϵǰζûط˼ȫڲߣ²ôǶѾˣүѻҲšطС̫ǰ󣬴̫Ƕûѧᣬʶʱѧ͸ˡҪˣɹż޹ô๫ô̫ƽƽһء
㣬Ҫ˵ⶼл˵˾͵ˡطv˵Ҳȷ⣬ص¶˵׸Լûʲôϵ¹ȥۣûʲôˡǳ˵Ҫ˵̶ӵ¶Ͼ㵹˵
ԶԶԣΪ˵µ𡣡طKطv±ýһѹζˣǰ̶ӾѾëǱˣ˵˲ٺö
Ǻ°ë۾Ǽ٣Ƕĺöòࡣëӿֲ飬ʵҲúܣöԼţóȵ˸ɱ߾ʱһһݡ
УûУ۶֪öǼǮҲǲǣʱ˻ǲ׷㱾Ǯ˵ĺطKҲˣǵ׶ò֪
֪ˮһȥˣɵʱʮϱǶ˲٣˵һ˶ɾˣⲻҸҪɲɡϾǷܵܵĿԣǷϱĿɲС
ֻҪǶãС¶үһ׬ǮǳǰͶطK˵ܰѻIIIǹǾʲô˵ˡȥ֮󣬻ӪǱͣүһֱǹ¡ӪǺö²չ鼺Ҳþôķȥ
Уи仰Ҿ̤ʵˡطKѲŸ̸˺ü˵˺ü巻Ҫﲻ֪µļƻˡ
ǣûŶطv˰췢ԼҪôû˵Ҫˡ
ûŰ˵̶ӵ¶߸طKʹһ£϶û©ʲô˻ûأʲô¶Ȼ˵¡Ǹܸˣ̶ôԶ١Լ˻һ䣬طKﶼ
ȵȵȣܵ˵Ȳ˰طv˵¶˵˳ɾ֪Ҫ¶Ŷ˵ģүˣͷһҾͷŲ
Ҫ˵ǷŮծأǰԼȥţ˵ճŸλϹˡ̶һ߰£Ҳյһţ˵Ķ£ʲôûУҲûٸϿ
һ֮һ̯¶һֱæѾ˸ǸʡĵģѹûǱߡͻȻˣ龪ˣʲôҪ¶ϽūŰ
Ҫ˵ʲôʲôأϸһţ￩һ¾֪ˡ·̬ʮʮ˰Ҳ˼ңֻú£ְѾȫ֧ȥǲʲô¡
ҽȷ¡Ҳû취ˣһ߾ûӰۿŲزסˣԼӲţҲ˶áʣ׵ʲôʱܻ
˵̶ӰǰմëǶߣҪ뻹£Ҳ˵ģҪɹǱµ飬Ͳ˵ʲôʱˡ
鲻ϱ֮ǰרŵһˣ˵һǶ£ǧտŵùңʲô¾͸˵ܰҶˡ
⻰˵ֿ˵Ҳûİ취ˣԥƬ̻ǰһֱŵ⿪Цʵǲزסˡ
µĶһƣԼĻӾǳ֮ǰµֶӴ˵ɡ֪Ͳȥˡ׼ŸϵĶӶ˵ֱ죬ɿŸЩֵ̿ӣ侲
û¶Ǻ£ⲻû𣬵۾Ͱ¶ˡôҲȰ˰ס˵Ҫ˵˵㵽ôģȻǾͿżɽ˵ЩҰ£Ҿ
Ͽû˵ȷڷԼ̾˿˵һӲһ˵ģôøҾ仰²ɣҲ׿˵ġ
Уôû¾ΣǸͷϵȷŮ˲һԼӻ󣬱ϾԼͲҵŻˡ
ˡðһ䣬˻οءԼ͵ˣҲ˵ĶãŮ֮ϱߣ˵̧ˡ
⻰û˵ȥˣҲ¶ˣ˵˵ӷҧ촽ôĶ˵𣬡ʵҵ۸ڶҪԼϹġֻҼ޸Ŵ󻧣ҲԸŵˡ
˵ԱɸʵӲ䱾֧ĳҲȥѡǸɫĹ޵ĺһҲðһ¡Աɸ߲ɵͲ͵ģõƲϸңõĸҲƲϣſɲ͵ˡ
֮ǰѾǺͬϹˣʮ˶ûˡýһһţ˵ãýŶˡڸҲʲô˶޾Ͳޣܹ
Ҿȥɽ¥ԷòŸ䣬ûʼԾײߴŵĳˡԱɼҵС㣬ھ㲻ϴ󻧣ҲûûգôײܵõǸǣһȥĿɲ͹ˡ
¸ЦҸտʼģˡϱ̹úܣĻ˵ûôε˶﷢֮Ҳֹ׳˲ٿҲ֪ġ
⻰ͷô᲻֪ҪԼɽҲܷŹסʱֵòҪ٣ҪףԼöŰƽġ
֪ҼҲ֪Ҹոõʱʵ˵ˣ˵ԸɼҡôԼҲûãԸǾ͸ǲԸ⣬֤ٲҡ˵⻰ʱϵıΣԼ᲻ã
꣬ҼʵӡҸ粻һǮ˾ǶȥҪү͵øӣҪѲ˵¶öˣʵϡѹû뵱ҵĹүѲŹߵǣҼҲͲ¶ˡ
ˣһɼңʱҴӸҳúùӡϺˣ׻ûͣ˱Ťž᲻öϣɲ͵˽ز
˵ǲҪôˣ¶Ҫүץˣҷǳɡܸɣ°Ҳ̫صطvһ˵¾Ӷĵ졣
Ҫ˵˻ֱŪˡط¶úʲôã޹̻ܱô۸ˣԺи׵檣طô˾û˵ʲôû
ô˵Ըģû˭Ÿϵͷ˵ҲҲűˣ˳ôӣŤϣôõ¶طKһ׸ĻͲˣ˵س̶¿˵ţҪ»ٳȥֵˡ
Ǹʲôʱ˻ве˵ɡү棬׵¶˲٣ôûԵԼãû뵽߼ҵλˣͦ˼Ǹô죬زסӣȥֳ
ô찡˾ûȥ˸Ժסˡطv̾±ɻӸ˵ȥ˵϶ǮɵԼūŵ¶ֻźӣܲһʬɡ
ո϶˸취ȥ˵ˣ˵ԼͶԵˡ뱴ոԶĵض˸Ժ͹ȥˡʲô¶ֻܵȳ׻                        
շ˵׶ӣ׿϶+1ӣȻһϲ~~~

ʮ

ô̶Ǳ߻ô˵, ûϢ, ʲôʱܻطvһͱΧסˣ淳Լؽ, һǣݸд, ͸˵ʮǧˡ
ҪʱܸԼһֻأҲͰҹ˵ʱ, Լֻû, ܹ
ô, ׼ǹȥġе, ˭׳ǵưƼ˾Ͷ㣬ԸɽˮԶĳԿ, Ҳȴ۰ǰ챻ųɼǿҲ, , үô, Ҳ֪ĵ㡣
ѽ֪ү, ñ˲ǲǣ˵ɽ¥Ǳ㲻Ҳõͦ˳ֵģû˳׶鷳ˣһ߽ӹźһվˡ
طvҽ˵ʵ, һĳëÿνˣʱ䳤ҶܱǺ⻰Ǽٵģ˵µʱ˭ȲֻҪ˵лǾ͵Űɣ֤ûΡ
ô಻õֲһã˻棬Ƿ֮㣬ɳǸ˭ģͬ⣬Ļ˵ⱲȻÿĶܿվ
⻰ǵԼҶӸǶſ˵ġɩѧԼӵĲ⣬ʲôë˻̲סԼ˵Ȥ
ǰ˵׻Ǳˣ⻰ҪǴӳøظ˵ǻȤ𡣡طv˵϶࿴سףǵҲȻ٬Щ˵ʣʱūǺãЩ»͵Ҫôˡ
⻰Ҳ泤𡣡֪طvҪԼ̧ܣ˵ˣҲģ˲ǵͨԼһ˶⣬˵´඼ʵʵ׹ˡҲǱЩŮĹ߻ˣôNɪ
⻰طvž̹ˡ⻰˵þˣҪ˵λҲҵģŰɣүһģ׾ǻҲɣŲţ
ԼŲŲҪҪȺŸϱСѽʱ¶ʱ˵˵˼ҵ¶Ъ˾ȥȥһˡ
ϸµ꣬ո󰢸طvͦ󣬾СС˲ˣСһ˾ˣ֮ǰԼطvȥͳСү˲ԼҲ±ģɴƥѪ˵Ǹ󰢸Ժ棬ʵ˵ײǱطv
ӹͱǰö࣬˵·˾͸š˵仰ɾͰС첻ͣ˵׻Ҫ˵̸Ǽ£ϲ̺ﺰ꣬˹ӻ¶ꡣöУʲô¶طvǶƣ˭úӽеء
ү¶طvԹµû飬˵ԩѵ׽Ǹ͵ĺӣܸԼ׽ĸˡôһ˵ߵ߶ľ͹ȥˡ
ڹ£֮ǰŻ˵̸òãֻش֣ǶԼһף̸ﲻǵطvںʮ˶ôġ˵ڸ¶źӣ֮Сϰ߾ȷˡ
꣡չһĺܿڳĽͲˣطvһţͱײײܹĺﱧס˴ȣꡣ
۴󰢸ûˤһӾ͹ˡطvöӴȤҲöطvºˤģԼСҲϱų𣬸˵ѧճԵЩͷֻҪûʲôͷˤ˾ˤˡ
꣬Ҵ档ϲ걧Լȶְ걧ԼʱߣƵԶطv첲źӺӶչЩɲճ
УҴ档طvжʱûȥԺǱƺˣźȥоҲʣɴŤͷū˵ȥԺѴ񱧹˵үٰѸͻȥ
Ѿ뺣Ϊ»Ӱ˾ϯڸ¾û˰ѴͺԺϸһˡھƵҲ֪˭͸Ŷ϶ûʲô˶ͻȻ˲Ҫ
˵ԺūŵװסûʲôӣϢǶƽʵʵӲ˭ˣ˵ͷ˻𣬸źһʱ䶼ûôš
òõνطvҪԺǺܿͰѴ͹ˡȺﻹ󼸸£ӱȺǿˣϯʱС󷽷˭Ŷ£ý˭ͽ˭鼸ɩӶ˽¸˵⺢ϲ
ⲻսžʹֻŵŵŵСȵطvǰģĸطv˸ƵõЦˡ˰ôôÿ
طvסȥһȥˡطvԼҹŮһСװӣô¡
ҲϲСֻöԼÿͷʾԼҲԼɺÿˡһԵָطv˵ϲԺ䳡ȹˤϾͰ֮ǰװˡ
ô˵طvԼԼҹŮڵ̫ͦɹ䳡棬Ǳϴμ˵㡣ɲУ˵ʲôҲŮôŰ
ôôɹţɲаطvӰѴŸǺһĸ˵֪ˣɿͷ׳ŵ˵ûøôɸʵϲūŵľвס
ǣӰ㲻ԺλҲôõϡ֪ôģ⺢ӱ˭Ե˼СӻطvѴͻȥ֮ٻ̲ס²¶һźǽһˣסֵóһָ򲼵ʱƨɶŽˡ
ôϣҿͦġ֪򣬻ר˲Ϳ͹ȥ£ֲʲô¶ֻǶҷһĴŮʲôµġ
⻰˵طvĿȥˣԼߵ£ԼҪһ¶֮⣬һ벻Ҳ븮ԼǺͺӹúòǡ˵үǲĨۡ
鱻ϵҲϰˣ˳־ͰִϣԽԽȣƨϺҲǰ취Ҫȥ԰ȥɡ
һ⻰طv֪ﲻǸͷԼڸˣ뻻طһ룬²٣ҿôͣٵȵȰɡ
ɼȻ˵ˣطvҲ̲ס쿴ԼҸôôСȵ˳ظ֮󣬿ԼȳһӺģİȥ԰ȥ
һ˵Ҫȥ԰ӣ¾Ͷˡȥ굽԰ûþ붬ˣྰûϣٺõĵطҲûʲôȤ⡣ںðһͷõʱڣȥס̹ˡ
ȥ԰ӣ˿ɾͱϴλһ㣬鲻İѸһھǣһҹ¶ȥĸɴҲˣԺط࣬ҸԺסžǡ
֪үͷĸ븮סòԶʲôֻ׽ļūź֪ܺߵͦܿŵʵɳϲ˵
æʱ򲻶࣬ÿγһոҪһ˵˵Ҫǰߺȶپơ߳Ǿ߲е͵͵˵ôԼϿκͷ
벻Щѧô˲٣ÿҲһЩǰֱһˣҪ˵Щ뻹ЦЦˡ׾ǲʶôôõĻ̧ȢϱҪⲻû
ȥ԰ӣרŴȥǱ֣߰ƼĶӡعȥŸϲģǰ׾Ϳ˵һ·ʲôû˵طڿԺٺˣ˲Ÿ˵ôﶼζ˶Żʹ죬Ҳ̫ˡ
Щ¶鵹Ƕֻ֪Ҫܺ벻ѧ׵ӣ۶ӾСյ԰Ҫʵ¶أȥװѧãȥ֮˸һʣҲûڶ԰ˣܻҪ
ѧ徻úܣûѧڡմʱܽѧʶֵСʹ඼СˣũæʱҲǼ˵ũæʱȹͷؼҸɻȥˡ
һɽǶ˵԰ѧѧûطv˵㻰Ů١ǾҲŰѹŮ͹ģһŮѧ֡
רȥסĵطƹ԰ūŰȫסĵطѧرԶҲѧǱߵĺӹŮרŰѼŮйһ˸дƪֲꡣ
ǴСɾѧģʱдҲܿдʲôܲסˣϵطvصһŸˡҾ˵ǵ֣ҽ쿴١Ǿͱȥ󷽶ˡ
طvЩŮǱˣò˽̳ɲŮʶֶؾˡ²ѧɡиҵø
Ҹս԰ӣ˵˼£СӲҸ˵ˡطvһ˵ľֱӣǱ߽԰ͺ񲻴˸ĴȥƣûУǿܰɣϻ˫̥
ĸҵĶӻôжҲһ⻰ֻûһҶͷû취׻
õõãżǶ˵ɲΪ²ģҪ˾ͱүˣ¹˭ү˰طvһҲеżϻˡ
ǣûżҼûСһô˵Ͻȶˡǳ˫̥˵ʲôûС
ûУ˵šطvҡҡͷ˫ֻ̥ûƹԼֵܸûϹǰɣһӳǱ߶һҪ߸۾͵ƺϷɡ                        
շ֮󣬴ĶԳ׻ǸиĿզ˵أһϲġҾʵһͬ㣬Ƕͦ׵ġֻ֮ѡ·һѡ
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ʮ

׵¶˵ˣϾ˻û, ܲ¶ӡ
԰˵, ȥӶ£ֻܱ˱, ܻˣ԰Ӷġ
ɩ, ÿζǶȥңҷǸ, Ҿòöѵõ, ǱǱ߳ǰŽ԰, ȴȻͬ
ط߲Ժӻ԰ǺɽƬݳǿŴľ, ԰ӵʱ򣬿˵ġ
˵ʵڵʵϲǱߵĲ, µúáҲ̰, ܳ, ڸûҲƳˡ
϶Ӻܴ, ӴҲµ¶Щطv, ôĶþӲĥطҲҪ԰
طԭԸ⣬˵Ҫ˻ʲôɻе˲ƽʱǰطҪ˵ôҲ
ϿطͻؾԼ, ܣ˶ϾͲֵý̫ҽ
̫ҽһҲ鲻ʲô˵øſġ⻰һ˵طʲô׵ģſڴϰСƽʱƯ᲻𾢶ģҹūʰʲôһ԰ˡ
Ҿ˵ǳãȺҾ԰ӣʱҲȡطѵ˳Լ϶˵úܣѾ˺ӸĸŶ˳˲١
Ҫ˵ͦãſԶ죬鶼١͸үˣ켸үͷ֮үʹŸ˶ˡ
ûүķӣӿֶ̫ˣүԼ̫ӶɴʮΪϣĶ
ɩӣ¹ֲ㣬Щ˺ü˰ɣûһס˵ģҪ˵ڲݳϿүԶȥˣֻûЦģ
˵ô˵ɺôǸԺӲסүﲻ̹Ŷ̡ϵͻͻݣЩֻҪԺڣľʹ˵ʲô
˵Ҳŵڳŵ̨ЩүһֱҲ˲ร˵öãҲûô
ǲ֪Ϊʲô˺ü˸綼ûסǰЩӺҲȥˣүһֱ£ϸźüû˯á
Ҫô˵һ취ûˣϺôܸ䣬ֻһԶŲյװɵҪԼҲûʲô飬£ˣһںԺַµȷûС
ڲݳϺȲԵĳƪŹӵļүҲѵõʹ졣˶˳֮վֻʣݡֱ֪Ѳڼ䷢¶Խ
ү֮ǰܾΪ˳ܸΪʰǣ˼ҲЪ˲١вȱһܣȸֳ˵
ĸ磬ЩˣҪ˵ûӾûӣ˻ʰ˽͡طүµӣΪŻ¶
ЩѲʵ˲ӣ⼸¾ᶽǮ˵ÿ¶Ҫϼ졣һҪǮʱ򣬾ᶽӲڸﲻţҪûǮ˭ܸôҵ¶
˵˲㻹᣿طvطֱϴһ£ĸ磬ܵܿûôȰ㣬˵ˣ˭ԵٷӵİǸ룬ܵһ
ү䷽ȷܵܣոطvҲǳү˼ûڣŶľ֡үӦˣܸܵǰҲó£ɴһ˦޾ȥˡ
үˣһͷڽͦöûأȥⲻ֪ôֳϡ˵˵ʵڵȲϱԸⲻԸ⣬檵˱ոȥˡ
һȥĻл˵ǸУΪรһɾͱѿүүڣǶʲôĶ϶֪˵ڸﶼˣ֣˵ϰظˣҲôؼˡ
⻰üүİС˵ϱԼö࣬˸ɶûӡ֣ҲעûġҪ˵Եɡ
治Եϰ˸λһûһ첻Ե֮ǰҪҲҪüѣҲϵ飬ž̰ģ֮ǰҪϺӵʱ룬ֻҪܻϣСˣ͵룬ҪǸͺˡ
⻰ϿֱЦȵϻػã⻰ѧطvʱطvͻȻµõĴͷ飬ģү񶼺á
طvΪ˵⻰еģĶĺӲǰ磬ɴߵǰ֣µ˵ģƴͦãɵײĺӣҪܸүҲһСҲһš
鱾뷴Լûô룬ŮطvģֶҲĲˣĸƨ⻰û˵˵һĺԼˣҲ̹ͦҲȥˡ                        
շţϳĵõ˴ҵĹע
  ʵǺܸӵģСʹҷĺܿİ~
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ʮ

ػͣԺ߸ȴʵЦǰԼϵص, ܲܰɸ, ʱ˾Ϊ˸ɢ
Ϊ궼ûã󸻲Ͼ˵绹һ, ˵αΣѹҲǲС˭뵽Լûͷ, ϶Ȼˡ
ܾܰɣǰҲûй¶, Լ߱Ƽ˲Ƕ㵽ĸõǶȥ, ǴŰĻӶȥȹٻ, ԼҲòˡ
˭뵽¶ô磬Щ˰¶ʱ, ҪºܻҪԵҩһܣǴû, ҲɢЩǰԺ¶, ȱҩҲûȥ, һεû¶, ƫƫͻˡ
տʼϻΪԼ²׼², Լ岻סˡϵǸŮ˼ңЩҲг׵ǰڣϾͻˡ
ȥҴҲȥҴ, ԼοԼ˵˾ͻˣʱôҳ˵һֱɼңһͬȥʱмϺͬСҲЦü۵Ķһ˺ӣ˵¶ͳء
ͷԽԽ󣬸ҲԽԽôãɵȥûȻԼĶȴסˡ˵Ҫ߸ȱ¶Ѿһҩ˽ˡ
ôˣ߸˵үѾˣ˵ͻˡߵѾҲǸģһ·ԼҹΪôԵⲽʵûʲô˵ġ㸮˶˵ʳֵÿʣ⻰Լҹһ㶼û
زô찡ô˼Ҵ˵Ҳض²ֹһ˵ƹˤȥˣ϶ˣȳ׻ҪҪĺԼҪˡ
Զǧ֮⣬մɽɵؽĳ׿һ㲻֪Щ¶֪һѾ¶Դӿ֮󣬻س̵·ͱȥʱ߶ˣҲһֻŽ죬̶һ˸˺ü·˹黯ǣڳЪ£ƥٳֱؾˡ
үЩСӶ˵иõؽ磬߹ʵûȥƣ̶ӵĺӳԵÿб£׬ǮÿȥҲ죬ɽˮԶʱ߰˶ţȫЩˣò׽˳ǣҵطɿɿôС
̶Сȫȥҹˣֻм˹µĺͳڿջûڷסͽ˼һһ¥һ˵˵˰ٰʮˮ䰣ǻ˯ʱ˴չˡ
ͷҲûȥ𡣡һ·׿ǳʶˣҪô˶Ҫ棬׶һԼܿһ·Ŀࡣǰʵһ·չˣԵ˱ƵݵǰҲһ·ǲˣǰûԹֿ࣬Ъûİ¶
˵˹黯浽׻ɹźëǶ࣬ײڣȥǾԩҺãԼˣػȥϸˡһôЩ꣬ء
ү⻰˵ʵڡǲᣬҲʮüˣ˵ԼҲС߰꣬Ȳ̶Щʮ߰˵ĺӡЩСӰᣬӣûǾͻɾòˡ
ͷǸģ״ов˵ľղס죬үڿﺢӶ𡣵ʮ߰˸ð·ϡ
ǾͲ£һҲǲܻǰɡһ⻰һ⣬ⱲӱĲ¾˸˵Ϊ˲ɼҵ¶ϼûȥˡ˰Ѹ÷ͻȥֵܵܲͲʡǼԼҲķ
׵ھǶǳģǵ¸û˲֪ôһ˵ͷ֪ԼǴʹˣ±첻硣˶Ⱦƪ˵˵ͷ̲סˡ
үС϶鳤־Ƹһ䣬ҪǶһ˺ӣôȥ
⻰һ׺ûѾһ⻰˵ãҵСɱҰһôãҪ˵ûǼٵģͷ¾
ɲԼٴγ׶˶˵ˣɵ׻ûá϶ԼףҪͣɼңʵĲԸ
ӵ¶ʹԼ˿ͷˣһҲ񡣺ӣƽʱ˼ҵԼ٣ͳȥķӶûˡҪ˵ϲҲͦϲԼҪҪʵ֪
ͷģҳ׾ǹ¼ҹ˵ôЩҲû˭ӣ͸û⵵¶ˡ׵Ļ˵֪˵ͷ˵˺Լġ˵ƶȴɵЩã
ͷ濴ЩãȻӱ㲻ҡͷžԼûãӲøӢҪھͰ˵ˣ˵˾͸һͷëǶҲ
Ǳ߲֪ԼϾҪﶼ˵ţ߾԰屴طֱţԽǵ˿Ҫ⼸ԽǴס׼Լһѡ
϶ضнȥҲ޷˭֪˸ճ緹˵Ѿߴƣƻûأ㲻֪˵˸ʲôЦЦͣǰѺӸЦˡ
ˮƵϢһ㶼֪ۼ⣬һƼŵһС̲ˮգŸæū˵帣Ҫˡ
үǶڣɸĻо԰׼ҲȫͷһžͶ׼ˡ
鰡ߣҡʵûʲôоҲۣﺦ¡˹ϵã̫ׯЩʱϻǸ׽طû׶
ûû£ءհͽ׼׵Ĳ˴ͱһѸץסˡɩӣȳȥɣš
˿ʲôɾطҪô˵һֱüүǽء϶࿴һۣͷû£ֲûӣ¡
ô˵ˣҲټ֣Ӳ֮ҲûţȥﱨŵūѾſȥˣһһ·Ҫʱ䣬ԺûӣС㶼
ʵһͨĿӶûūһúܣϿǣﲻ̤ʵˡ飬Ϊˡ
˵ʲôҪԸסҳȥȷںԼʱֲûһ⣬˵ʱҹϲҲˣԼҲӦõġ
°Խ´Խ۰Ҹ˵ֶڶʱͦõģ۸ճ극Ҳ컹ҲǻҹˣڳԶ
ڻȣ˺Ҳһӡ˵棬һ¶ԭŵˣҲ˼·߲ǵýˡ
Ͽڲ죬ŷ´ˣȥ˹ڶûȫū˳ԵĽ鿴һ߳Զһ⿴ˣ֪ء
ˣҸʱأӦþҪˡȷʱģ˳˶ûãŸҪٷ۵ͷ󺹵´߶߶Ժ˶һ˶ˡ
أôͻȻ˰ĶˣطɤŴطvûסϳ˦ӣС㣬طסԼ졣
ʲôĶˣĶطvɴתÿ벽ŶԼɩӹ֣ɩߵءһԺӾûƼˣطvܿˣ֪Ķȥˡ
Ҳ𼱣úߵء⻰һ˵طvе㲻ԸҲûˡ壬⻰ͶԼҾֵֹģԼȥ
㸮صЩƣȥ̳ӣŰطvطԺȣȥò˳תͷط˵طv˵ʲôطȥ˵ʲôҲС˵̳ӾƣƽѸҲǲԡ
ߵȵżȵүǻͰĵҲ㿪ȫ˹ҪʼˡϲֶˣѲڼүæϾҲûʱͦ౧Թ£ӵʱö࣬Ҳɡ
ҲӰĵϣ۵ֱޣҲƴͷôֻרİһ˵ϾҪˡ
һСʱӿһ˲鶼۵סôӺòá֮ǰ˵ҪǸͺˣȴһ㶼벻ЩƴһֻţֻҪӺúõľС
ŰѺӲɾپһݣ߸ọ̈̄ô⺢ӶöĺáС׳ʵˡ
ãã㣬ÿһһСҲܱۿ䡣ô˵ϲŷĻ˯ȥѺӱȥŵ˵ЦøɵһطϽѺӸݹȥ
ط֮󣬰ѺŸϽȥų֣µҾлԼһүߵôöƣôãֻźӣĴϣʵǰ첻һ
ǱߺôãϻػõʱѾͦˡطvڲôã֮ʲôϴëطvӹ̯ˣŵݵ
û£ûеᡣ֪û˵Ļϵôãôңһ˦ֳ
֪ȫүɲɡطv§ڴϣ»¶ŵ㣬ֵܣүҲߣүҪ
ûƲطv˵黰һ㶼šӣԴսϸ棬ðβŻ˾֪ˡ                        
ʮ

԰߹ӣصʱر, һգ۾͵һȵʱ, ϶ŸСӣˡҲýȥ, ʵˡ
캢ϾˡԼŵòߵ, ҲƢԺã˵ҲӦӦֵġϾﲻɾ, һĺ, ططvֵܶ÷
רŸ, Ҫʲô˵˵˵沸ξ, ɲܸ϶Ͻ˲ٺöһȥⷿ, ϳĳ⡣
û뵽һ, һӶˡɩ, û, ôһҾе㲻֪ôˡǺöЩԼﶼûƼ, Ӧ̫ɹǱ߸үģƽʱڸҲѹ׵ĺö
һǾ仰Ҫ治Ը⣬ɩҲҲסǡ̵ְСѾ߽еǰһ֧, ɩҪöңԵǵֶһأҾˣɩҾ͵յл񣬳ɲɡ
û뵽ô˵⵹ҳĵСˡ˵ô˵ҲûǾǷ飬űǡô˵Ѻ黳һݣСҲǣҲüĺá
úһµĺӣѾճǻӵӰˡӹӣ׳СӦóǰպȹ̣ʵʵĲ֣ɰˡ
ɩӣ⺢Ȥէһģ㣬ôԽԽءͷԵĺüĿ͸Źɺôô屴յӰӡ
ô˵һˣתͷ˵ƣ˶ôãɲұۼλүɡտʼԺҲð糤񸣽˵ãФи
ûðɣϾܾöü̬ط亢ӲôޣֻҪԱ˱ڣһҲһģ⻰һ˵طʱط˵̫࣬ôСƳʲô
ô˵ȴһ㲻үľȥʱһһ磬ֶ޲ðүϳȥˣүܸʲôĺѽѽһ硣
Ǻ°ǰ˿϶гϢ˳ϵĻ˵˵Ļŭšֲϲû֮ǰ屴ոѾ˺ӣ󰢸񶼲Ǹģⲻ̹˸үĵӣɲǸ
˵Լߣܲһͻȥ˳緹ȵʱѺӶӵǶ˻ȥˡǽ԰ģ֮ǰĴСһЩʤھΧڻһ㶼̫ɹš
ȣ㵽԰ȥӵõ԰Ӷ볩԰Զطv춼ȥ԰밲Ҳ¶ţܴС°ɣǱߺһ߾͵ȥŵ˵طvȶϸˡ
˵Ļ˵ĿȥˣүźӵԵԺʱر࣬Ҳãүôܣ˵һ㲻Ǽٵġ
ɧҲͶڻ˵䣬ȥøж¡Ͼǻʰ꣬ҲүƵŽȥҪ±ôС쳤ӵţļǲûޡ
˺ĺķһС˺͹ƣڻûˡɩӣո㻹ҪѺҲҪǼħˣô̹𡣡
Ǳ߻˵Ǹ˯ӤԼ߿˲ãǵ԰ûкԺڣҲûѴ񿴵öʱ͸ˡ
ǸĺӣԼҲ⣬ԼĺնԺصĴҲʲôӣͬȻ׽С֪ʲôһǶԷĺý㣬õܵܡ
ڻ߳ԵúȵõʱͻȻӣ˵ǰԶԶҴ󴬣
ϳԼĶʲô󴬰ǷҪǾֻǴӳ԰ġų԰㲻ϳ԰߳ľƽҲдȻǳ԰ģô˵ҲļɣҪٴǿ˳κˡ
ãдҸϽÿ¹˭ɣΪáϾǴСɵ԰ͳɶڹȻԼĸǾͶһ²һ£˵ˡ
㣬ҲҪһͷ׼׼ҲԶƼˣȫȫһʿ˿û¶һͲ˶ˡ
ãȥǻͣһͣļҵôáһԶҲκͲµĸӸϵˣ԰ֻ԰źһͷһͷʱܰѻĵģʮС߼ҵġ
Ǹϵ¶СС֪߼ϱǿöġƽʱǸµҲͣ¹ʲô¶ߡ
Щߴ˻سǣȥǶƽѶˣȻűӰ¸£ϼֻѬȸߵ¶רȥˡ
ǸþƵˣҲܺȣС̫ţ̫һֱûŹ;溺ӡ߰ͦõľƶߣ϶ʲô¶
¶Ѳ飬֮ȫͰ¶˵ˡ굽û˵ʲô໰Ǹϳʱ򣬰ѷ˸¡¼¶˵û׬һʡ
ЩӽҲûﲻԡֻпǸʹͣ˸ùŮִ󷽣ĶϱԼӵӲŹ̹
ЩʶĶڼǻ׹̫ӵүʹžݰԵɶǻ̫ӣñɸԼġ
㲻µūţžһʱôһءֻѲ֮ʱ뱣ֵò죬ٲ˶ӣ
ūűţȻ͸Ӳ˳ۡظĲ±ǴͼֵùġӦҶүĲ£תָ˷ͼֻû˵ѡ
˵¶˶Ƕ㲻ģȻϵǿһۣҲֻʵʵ̫СǱȥ
ϳ˿ڴӦһˣ߽׵Ǹ黹ʶ̸֮ǰλ³ڣЩӾ˵ˣѾǳ¹ˡ
Ҫ˵أϴ֮Ƽ⼸СɣһˣĴһƾͶû˫ʮ껪궼Ƕʮˣ⿵үǿζõġ
¹̸ƫסţͷ֮ǰɴһˣﶼֻҪ¹˶ﻳǰ磬˵ܸһʱ̸ֳܷҲһλˡ
Բ֪ĶģģһƳ¹˴ģû˵ʲôȴλˣڹ˵λϾҪͷˡ
밲ûʲô˵¶Ҳ߸˵ҲϱڴϣԼСְɡ˵׻ˡ
ǵԼ˰ſʹͺʹĻ˱û˵˿˵ˣȻ˺ӾͲˮȥӽʼȱˡ
䲻ʲô˾ʥּҲүĻٸʮҲûŸϻطv֪ǰ֮ûԼʰкá
Ǹģÿʲôطvöĺ˵¡˵ǺȥȥڶƵûšطv˼ֱЦãȴû취˻ʰ귢УǾͲˡ
ٸֻҿɸ˵ΪȣɱҲ첲աʰ껹춢԰߰ȹûˣɲҲóš
龾첲źݻ۵طv컹Ҷ㡣ػ˵ȥëǱߵ̶ӻˡ˶˾ǣǱ߽иҵ˰ѳ׸ˡ                        
շˣҼӰȥˡ(is^ti)

ʮ

⻰ЦһԴӵⱲ, ߸֮, ڹﵱװʵûĶܹԹ
֮, ˵ǰƷ٣ոЩ˳, ҲССү漸Ӱ¶òֵô, ˵پͰ˽, Ҫ췴
ô, ˵ǧ̶ȥģջͱ鷳, ӲŪԺͱūԼˡ
ʱ˵, ̶Ӹս, ûջҾʹ˰ѳү, ˵Ƕҳү¡ҲǸջʲô֪, һǶҲûȥ
һߺü£ô˵ʲô¾͸, ɽ¥˵СӾżƲԣŴ˵¡ӣﲻ԰𣬸ǲ֪ʲôˡ
˵ЩûãϽ, ܴȥң¹ʲô¶ȰŪ˵طvˣҲݲʲôèĶܲȵԼԴ˾
⻰ͷˣػǰߵʮ˱ϡһżϢ֮͸סòװ˵ȻôŪء
ЩҲżȥǱ̽һ񸻲ϻ߸£ѾϴˣӲ¶ܾ³׻ûأߺӱҪˡʱ˻ð
룬·Ҳ˵ˣ˵ûɣôŵһˣҪˣĸ۰Ͱͳţײʹȥ
ٲȰ˵ɡ֪³׳ԿǾó׳ѵҲǺ£Ϲȥ˵˸Ѿ˽ѵˡ
˵û߾ǵűҸϣһ·ҲҪʱ䣬ڽ˸֮󣬾Ѿһ٣˷ˡ
ߵģô³˵үͲ㼸˼ǼҶءױҹܼҴߵϾ;Ҳ˵ӲǴ²ø룬ʲôҲӦҵɽ¥ȥˣôָǼ
ŵûӦ׵ǲԼôţǲ֪ߵΪʲôǲǶˣɺ˼ɤûӦҲͣ
˵ⲻԼͷһαôŪˣǰЩոϺϵʱҲйôһء˵²һٵĽԼ̹Ҳѻ
²òͷһͷҲû˸ˣһ·ۣܿ԰Ǳ߸ϻˡ
ҲҲʲôŴ󻧣űոʮͬụ̂ܶĶòˡֻдӺͬһͷ˺Щˣ߽˲Ǿűߵūš
үүλôҲˡ̶Ҷˣص֮ѻ˽ջȻظȥطKǱ߼ͷͻưѲ»֮ͷŶ˵ôһ䡣
طKǸɫģŮһֱԳ׸߿һۡͷ˵֪꣬²ԣϽ˹ʣˣҲȰŪ
Ǿͽȥɡ˱ûʲô˵ˣӸôһţҪһ׻ŪͺϸһͷײˣҲûȥ
ܵǹɵĹӣȥ֮˻ǰǰߡԱɸʲôʱô˰ܼǿŷţԼһ̸Ͻȥӡ
֮ǰ˳ȥ˵ǸҴүүǸ첻߹˵ģȰŪ򶼴ˣү֪£Ͻͣ˹ˡ
˵ʲôţ³ç嶯ǲˣôԼ˵ǰ߼ҶţһʱĽͷָŶӱѵ⣬ڰ˴˳ˣӲͷʱô죬Ÿȥ
꣡Ҳճµôۼҹ۸𣬶ӴҲƵү²С˵û
Ƶ˭үɤţ߾ˡŷǼʲôżýͰƿ˽Ҳס
үѵһǰϷ޴ˣ˵үǿſϷŶۺ찡ͷǸԲˣ߱ոǰƣ²˱Ҳܵͷš
˵ЦˣҾڱүǰܸ飬ֵ𡣡ܼ˺ôסƢָ˸ҾҪ˵¶
˵ģи㣬ѳ߾ˡһ޺ģ˵ĻȴӲûתء
ƾʲôԼʲô˵¶ͱߡϴ󿴲һߵģ˸ÿɽͶ߱£粻޸ŵүˡ
Լ˵¶ҲŴԺǱߴʹǶõϢƽʱעˣüû¶סѾȥ˱ոѰţɲֻųţȳһͰ˸ˡ
ܿŸϴ첱ӴֵûˣǱүģҪôҰ˴ߣҪôȥ˴ôʡ
һ秸ԼžűӸǰūȫˣζʲô𣬸װʲôɵءˣϽİɣʱˣǻҪȥ𵢸˱ү¶
ͷͱ˵ļƣû˵˰βŴɤһ仰۸ҼҹүҲܲɡ
⻰˵ˣү˽˵طKߵūšҪ˵ūŻǴСźڸǰ̫оأܺ뵽װ·ңȲ˼ǹƵơ
Ҽү˵Ҫ˷ˣøϽհ죬˵ү;үھǣ˵ȥ˵ǾˣåˣϴٸܣѾļһﶼ˳˰ߵĻ˻ȥ
ױʱϻͷͷѪҪǱжǱһƾͲˣˣǼ˼¶֣ôȥүǰػ
ʵ˽ͲˣҲռ˭û뵽̶ֳϴôܵž˵ĶЩõĻֻг״Щ໰
ȵȣһﲻɲˣʲôҪˣ˭Ҫ˰Ҫ˵ҲǻأʱɲŰ𡣸ϴ־һƣû˳ˡ
ô˵涯֣ոҲܸɿţҪʱƽµġӽϸǺߣûϣ͸ôβ͡
ô°ôûأءﰡҪԸƽô˵ǻõĻͦô¡
ͷһһ˹Ҫˣ֪סףסԼҶӳܼ˰ڰ֣˼ײϽŪ߰ɡ
ŪҲûȥ԰ǶأϽĻȥɡŸ֣ûûͷĳǣ֮ӻר˾䣺ү»رôĥߴˡŷ³ֱš
ǣǰ֪ˣôѾôߴѾߣƽǰԺЩү򽻵ʱ٣ܿĶãҪүôظѾͷ߯
˰С㣬㻹óԿܶ飬ƽʱͦԼСģʱܻǺһЩǰĴѾߣʲôҲӮ˲ǡ
үƲҸǲݰôˣЩǿˡ̵ܻӸطvѧ˸ʮʮֻƵüĵطȴƲĵض
˵ĶˣҡҡͷϧôߵɵӡܾǸ˼̻Сʲôеѧء
үרҸҪǰѶ˶Ƕǧסˣʲô¶ú˵ǧӡӰӵݸףϵѪպͻҶɾƽˣɹǱġ
׽ӹӺҲһѣûЩˣӹǶˣ¸ոڸѾ˵ˣܾŲСųȥðôˣôеİ
Ӵү⻰ʵáӾ֪˵¶Լ¶ʱ˰Ҳǳƽÿε֣ԺССѾ̫඼ùĺãҪӲûô˵
ǣӹҴⲻû׶𡣡̾ҹ¼ҹһʹ㲻ʲôѶˡ
ү⻰˵ūŸ˵ɡӿ˰ӣôûٶ˵ʲôƽȸƵĵNɪ˶βë䲻ˡ
һ·˳˳ģ԰֮ûȥǶȸӻػáһһػ˲ٹطvˡطvŻͷˣһ仰ǣá
طvҲǵ˰ˣƽĶ˭ҪǸôǣܻ˵Ƥ˵ɣô졣
үңʵûˡ·ӵװһһʮ˵ˣʵû뵽ᵽⲽǽ˲á
һҪѵԼʵҲݲ¶ˣô֣Լ϶ǲ¶ﲻܵģ˵ףôôòС
Ӳء˵Ҫˣû湻طvģ֪ûã㡣Ҫɣү⣬Ͼ԰ҪʵڲҪ˼ҲУȺүҸ˼ˣٰѸͻȥһ˰ˡ
һҪ㣬Ů˺ӣ׶ûϵǻǡţ㻹ĳүô˶û˹ܡ⻰˵úݰһöĸζ˵ͷɫҰ׵ĳˡ
طvĻ˵ó﷢ţ⼸Լڣܻиں߸ԼסҪûˣô붼ûû䡣
˵㵱ү˵Цأвиʹ컰үѰ˼ȥطvѵò黹䣬ų˵˱Ƶ·ϣⱲӶġ
ңҡ׶ĺֱµΣֱֶ˵Լ᲻ã᲻ã߸ͷѾ߾ͳ˵ǸҪˡ
Ҫǲȱˣ԰ñŴСֻҲ̫ˣҲ߸£Ӵ˶Σհ
ӵĹͷǱﲻסģ׸ѾĵԺʱ߸ϳɤһûøսԺӵȽһƨȥ
˫ףźʹһȥˣߴŵȡ·ѾûһɫҲ벻⡣߸߸ߵ͵ͺ۵ܵýԼҲŴ
ŸϹӣԹҲ˵ȥԵ㶫͵ͣҲֻҡҡͷŲѡⱲӰǣ޹ңԼûأӴС
ǿոձү˵ҪѺߣҼԼӡ˫ҴѣǻĶҪˡǶλ˵˵ǲǱӦ
ǲǱӦ֪ܲˣ˵ƵġӲǼ£ֱʱʱ򣬴Ӳ˵ͷһǸڶʵûˣϽ⣬ˣǲһ϶
ˣϽⰡ⻰ûףʹ㶵ĿŴֱѺŷӦ
ӲҪˣǧѴס˽Ҫͷ£˵Цģȷ˲תز
˺ð죬û߾ˡѲ´ö࣬˵ĻУѵõ˫ӣףǸ˲һ
׿Ѿ߱ûǸʾҪѾ߱뵫ܲס֡ƿٿûܻСӣҪ𣬾˵ûڶǴƴˡ
⡭Ѿû뵽׻ô˵ֻ˵ĲǶΣֻûŵҪˡ                        
շΪʲôͷ͸ϴûأΪҲˣǸˡ
  ȻûŰϳ£ҵ˽İɡ
  Ϲأۺ䡣

ڰʮ

Ժ¶Ǵղ֪ģûסĺҹͳ԰ȥ, ׸ǵͳ԰ӻȥɻȥˡôò, ±˿ţٲϹòŸҶ, ͷһҪŪ
Ҳûס׶ãһ˴ëǶĺö, ܼ˵Ķ˼˲ٺӱʯ, ǶͷϺ׬һʡ
˵үȫĵضȥ, ëûüǼһ˽黹ʹطv, ʲô˵ֻ˵붼Ӫȥˡ׳ɲɵĻ֪, ֻطvæȴġ
Լ¶ɾ֮󣬾ֱϾǱ߽, ֱ, ɹŶЦ˵ʲô
ɩ, Ҫ԰סЩڻȥ, û취źҪ, һ԰궼زȥ˳ͷ¶ǹһӰӡ
֮˺Щ죬ʱطvţûľͻԼ˵, ƨֳˣϲúܡ
ǰһѩͣطv㿪ʼ޻ظ¶˵øϻȥ˹ͦæģڣԼҪʱϲԻǻظȥĺá
԰סС꣬żȥ밲鶼ػסϰˣͻȻ˵ȥҪʰĶͦࡣϾģһֱΡ
һ˻ȥ˼һɡϱźһ߶һ߸˵˵뺢ˣط˵˺üΣҲôźӽȥư
˺֮֮ǰǺ˲٣ƽ屴ոʱǰٶˣԺǼҲٲԼǰǡ˵ֵ뿴ˣϻܲãԲһȥˡ
ɵԼһ˿˰ҿ϶ýɩûã˵Ҳȥ鿴üԸӣ̲סûͷ
òףӦþ³ĺӣ˲ǵʮ³һүϻͲûץ̫ҽԺЩϴƴӲųٳٳ档
ǻѾظȥˣ϶ûϣ˵һһҹӲǸ硣ΪǻȥӾ˿²óţڶʱš
ɱ˵ˣһһӣ߼СĿۺ졣ϾżҵȥǶ̲ס˼䡣Լ׵ãҲˣϰ˼λʱûм䣬ϿɲԸһ
ôôӦʵôйϣǾϻи˵ĻֻҪǲH¶ɲȥƽҸʵҲûʲôɩƵС
ܲǵУ˵û¶Ҳ˼ɣ˭ҲûϴӲԼԹϵƲϣ˵̫Ǳ߰ѺԸǰȥˡ
ƲЩ沾ˣ̫ܱ󣬲õͷ𡣾ͬЩϰֻһʲôðʲô䲻£ٹЩϰѹζˣʲôá
Ҳۺ˭˵ã˱ԸûӶֻҪ˸һ⻰˵ź˭żһӰ
˵⻰һ࣬ԼҲӦԺǼӣҶ￪ô˵Ǹģ˵˵˶ڹҪһӶûУ˻ӸӹոҲù˱ҡ
ʱﰡ̫Ϊ˵һ仰Լйȥ˵Լˣ¸߶ͦûӵģ֮͸ع칬İԶˡ
˭֪أλ̫£һײˡ꣬ǰѾѧ˵£˵ԶٹﶼͨѾͷźˡȥˣʱŪţ˵ףʱɳͲˡ
˵ĶǸҸлҲˣɺЩֻȤס˾͵СҪϻȥǷѩģĶȥ
СԲԲģӸĻͷñֱ껭һһĺ˵ѾͦˣϾϲ§СӶҴȥ
ЩӴǶ˸ӣôҺɲֻܺͰ͵ҽȥ
ȥɣֱȥڴӲ棬ʼҵĺҲСʱ⼸ЩȵҪѧʱҪԵĿأ涼ûˡ
ԼǷҪɲﺢ͵˼Һ˫ȫԼҺɶҲͻ¶Ĳ˵˵պʮСǸӣԼͲݰӳ
ҪʰɴչŰˣ߻ѩѾƿصְʵĺﱧȥûѾ߰ȫ
͸Ű볨ӣֱźԶķЮѩƮûǰͱˣֻʣµˮƶɢˡ
ɩӣʱܾڰߣССӸ̿裬Ƶûţִ͸ڹӵȷù˵ǳ˻Ӹʵ氾ùǺ
˭˵ǰһתۺﶼôˡҲŸп˵ˣӣ϶Ҫˡ
ɩӣ⻰Ҿ͸˵ԼӶ⣬ҲǸѼϼһ͵񣬡֮󣬱¹ܰ绹ǸҶЪ˵ôˡ
ûԶģȰѶŪ˵ɡ⻰Ҳ˲ȥǻʮСǹҫġ
Ҫ˵ʲô¶߶أ֮ǰ԰˵ʱÿ죬ϲת۵˶죬ﶬϯձã͵طvʱˮˡ
Ǵӣ˵طvǰ˼ٲýһһ˻ˡӻ߰˸µʱÿû˯ǰҹϲǺڶڵ˯šطv˵⺢߯ڣǸý
Ǹģϱû¶ⱲҲ첻ˣҪҹҪԼءǾֻҹȥˣϲ֪Ϊʲô˯ţüˣϸɴˡ
磬ֱϴ֮Ű˸ŪԼҹ࣬͵øһѣ첻û£ҲҪʱȷֿ˯
˸ͷ˾øһӶˣ˵Լûģ²Ҫ˸ϳȥġԼôǵˣŵŰү
ҲȥǰʵʵİϯԼһٹڡÿһ£˾͵żæŽȥ˵Ƕ棬ʵһʲô̲š
֮ʲôҲɣԿڶ˱ϽЪ¡ÿνһνڣ޲Ъ죬ٻ͹ˡ
УֻҪǹҾҪ˵طvʵҲ̫ҽƽ˵Ӧ⼸ˣطv޲
棬һ£һٳšϳǰūŶͷ׼õͼͺȥ֮󣬲׼طvš
ϴλӵĹطvһ춼ûϣҲ֪ôѡδʩ϶ٲزסЩ㲵˶طv;ۣϴοӻۡ
ܲ˵Ů˰ƯҲһԼôÿּܲסĥװ촽ݹȥһСڣŰ˴ߡ
ȥʱñǰˡﻹֲԼҪˣǵȻȥʵʵִԺԼǱȥˡȰѺͻȥһ߬סӵ֣ȥź̫ҽӦҪˡ
򶨵ģûô򶨵ġĻһһūŶˡոͻȻô󰢸ȥΪҪ˰֣ȥſڵȱүȥˣʱóˡ
˸ȻϽȥ˹ſڵţӹطvһŻŵūž֪絽ҵ¶Լˡʶһ䣬ַȥѼֵܶˡ
һжʱ˭Ҳûסǧ֮ϻүȻҲסӹطvطv֮磬վѬ԰ϵȥ֮󣬲ߡ
طvǰѾȫ׼˭ûߣϴνӵģ֮һ˺üجβŻȫǲģûʲô£ŵһ亹ȥ֮ڴȳţ˺ڳԷ飬ɵˡ
ءطvӾ͸ϻӣ۵ȥһŶԣôˣ
Է뷹㲻ԶȶԵ㣬ûʱûԡĲ˴඼̲ܲůůθġûʲôɣϽȥҲԵ㡣
ĻгȥĵطvģҲԲʲôɴߣ˸ݸˮЩģûôˣܴͷβ۳һˣ
İοԼģطv˵ʵƨûСȵʼڣ۳һͷӣطvۿźˡ
ģƽʱ˵ﻹͦˣһүʵ̫£ūǲ˵ܲ˸ɴӰ˸Ƴȥ
طvҲȫû飬֪Ӳһʱ¶ýſڣԷˮſڽĶҲȥ϶ڶͱȺڣҲʱѾ緢պںӾͳˣһ籸ŵ̫ҽûϡ
ϲүǸ磬׳ʵˣСȶоűźӳͣϧû꣬үѾԽȥˡӽӹְ׼ĺȥûΡ
꺢Ӳƣ΢ȴͨ磬ζʵšطvںڴ߿û˯ŵ飬ʵûסˡ
ô°ҶûʲôӷѾҲûɿ˿޵滨˭۸һ׻ǰֱָϣʱĦŰ
̫ˡطvǸ۵ӣ𶹶ʱ֮٣ڸǰ޳ɻԼҲöˣɾ̶̲ס
ϴүû㣬֪ôѣһΪˡӸյֻϵʱǹɸ˾죬طvͼǲãŸϽ£ôˡ
УģҲˡû뵽Ϊʵ̲סЦһЦֳŶۣӰڴߵɵҲЦˡ                        
շţҶϳ²⣬ʵҵĹԭҵ趨ȷͲһõˣʵҲܶ࣬ǳʲôҪҲСƽеУҪʱǵֻûӡעⱲӶҪں쳾òúⱲû꣬ԼҲ˵ûãĶҵĴ~~~һҪమͺŶ~

ڰʮһ

߱ո˶Ϣǵڶ֪ġ˵̸ҲվҲ, , Ͻȥﻹʲôõŵģó͵ոȥ
˵Ҳ, ôõ¶ô˽˵һӸ˵ӣڳĺ, ˵ȥⷿҲס, ɴԼԸһ
, ūŶһ, ǰߴϢģүĺۡںԺⷿ, ˵ҲСúܣﰲǶ塣
˵, طv׵, ȫոҲǸ˻˲¶, ǰ߲̫ƽ, ˵ϯʥϾȻΪ˼С¹߳ͼ
ǿһ֮֮ϵడ̫ӵү, յȺ棬⵽Ϊʲô˭˭˵á⵱ڣǺҲȥ, Ͱֵַȡ
ϻ˵ҲеʹͣȻӰ˲ͷԼȻܸ֣ϼľˣĶ͵㺢ϵĹȥ
ǲҲ͵͵ȥϾǼϲ£ִʹͳʱŶӵĳ¹˶ߵԺԣ̽ͷš˵ĸ𡣡
˵ʲôŰ磬Ȼٻ󶼵ءŮǲ֪ΪʲôԴӴ򳩴԰֮ԼӾ֮ǰǷݵǸİ˼ֳ
𣿡¹˿̸ķЩ񣬡ҰζסȥҪȥɻطҲУܹµˡ¹⻰˵ﻰǺ˵ҲѹԼͷϵˣ˭ԸԴѹŹء
֮ǰڳ԰¹׳ŵòүʹүʺ񣬵ûƳʲôˣֻԺߵʱˡ
¹Ҳūȥǰǰ˲ӣֻ˵ΪүԼӴˣԼҲ˶˵ûٳ¹Լŵġˣȥɡ
̸¹˴ŶҲվ̫ãֻ̬˵Ļž֪ˡС˳ںʹӦ̸ӲЩԴҲûǳʲôӡ
Źڵ³¹ǱߵŮȥ֮ͺź򣬶ӿġ׻ᣬö¿ףһĹˣôΪһûĺӾһ졣
ʥϺ󹬳ԣǹ⾰ˡ˵̸ԼѾ磬СʮֻС¹˵ĺǸǻĻᣬǸ磬ʱͿĹ⸣ˡ
Ǻ̫մ̫Ƕ·̸̧ʹͳȥѾͦԶˣʯȴվס˽Żͷ˿ûƼ飬ԼרŶһ䣬ʱ˵Ҫˣڼûû뵽һҹӾѾˡ
̫ĸпĹŮ̫û˸ҽӻ˭֪̫ĲʱòõĶûġʯҲû˵ʲôԼ治ָˣŰѺŲԼš
ϧЩǺܸԼ׽ٲ׽ôÿ쳿趨ʡĶԼնﰲáܺùع칬ǸûĸεĶԼ챣סˣڻ
̫ءع칬̫׻û治ԩңȥ̫˵̫Ͼӣ˻ȻȥѰ̫ӡֻ˺һŲطiʯϸհںõɫֿ
̫ѵùһģ˹²绹ߵĺáô˵ͼ˸Ѫͷطi˼ȾҲǲס
طiô˵ʯϺôɫǸ˵Լͷطió˵¶ȥ̫밲ȥˣ¶̫ӱȥ̫Ӳ߶߶ƽҲʰǣʰ궨Ƽ̫ӵĺá
쿵߳ͼʱ仰̫ϡ˵ڹ⽾᲻ֹͼ̫ӲǾն⻰˵أʯȫǵȥˣ첻ģֻ̫ȥТûõһġ
ʯϵĻ˵طiֱ㶣ϸʯȷûԼȤͻȻЦЦﶼס۽Ƕ߳ỨŽͣ¡
̫ʲô˵ﲻԣһݺıôһ֣ΡʯϽڵҲ֪Ҫô죬ֻӲͷƤʡ
̫ʵžϲôͲϲء̫⻰˵һѵֱֱʯͷƽʱׯһ˲ᶼӿۿˡɶʱʯϻ˽ǵ̵ģ׻ǱȥӲᡣ
طiҲû뵽ԼôͰ˵Ļ˵ˣҲЩܲסӣô˵ԼǸүǣǰƳ£ոչʲôûԣҪ̫Ե㣿
ʱҲǷ㣬ع칬ʲôû̫ӱŰ˵ҪԶͰһӵĲ˺͵ġʯϺþûطiһԷ˵ոյĻѿɵ᲻ðϣ
Ǳع칬¶ķŤŤԷ߹ʹ͵ոʱŸո׸꺢ӣطvٲҲϵ᷿ǱסȥˡҪү˵⺢ӻǱˣһڡ
һ˯᷿طvû˯ãҲˣҲʰøɸɾģǲþȥҹʱ˯ȥҪܵøŮҲãҪŮͲˣ
үҶǲǣ֮ǰľ͸꺢Ӳڴţ֦ţ˼Ȧ׼Է
ӣߺͬˣŲ˲۾ͻһš˵ŮԼ𣬻Ļ⻰ûˣϽȥɣǵܡ
϶鶼ûԼιϾԼᣬľͻΣҶ˵ιӵʱ򣬺ˣ鲻Ƿݿࡣ
ԼƴѺͲˣõֺαظԼҲʹ졣ιˮ⼸첻˺úͨһͨñ
طv֪⼸ƢãѵõİİͶûȥˡȥ֮СȹҶĺҲ꿸ڼϸˡ
ʮ֮꣬һý꣬»ûӲܳţҲ˵ĺܡô˰үҲõĲˣɴүһȥˡ
϶ף϶ȻڵͷȴȺСһȦ˵ҲһĶһ£֪ĶáطvţҪõöࡣ꺢֮󣬻ָϴηЩ
ȥҲŲȥů϶棬Һò׶һУɲᰡطvס֣ÿҶ߿ͷǻҶֲ嵽Ǵı߹ģ˵ϥֽţӶҪľˡ
⻰˵ð㲻ţ⻹õģôǰߣҲŴܵ磬ЩҪ˵ܽǻĶ䣬ÿ꿴Щ紵׿ɻЦǣ鶼Ŵҿ̫ˡ
õõãȥͲȥү˵һ˵үһپ䣬ĶôƤӡطvվūźŴ£ȶˣִյǰȥϽһүȥˡ
üˣطv˵ūǶϰˣûǼƤû̧øֻ黹еطvЩͲˣŸϽһڰ˴ߡ
ҲҪطvǰųţڿĺűӿͷָͷԼ飬ҲҪס
úúãһ𣬿ˣˡСӻɵ㶵ģȴʼˡסڶԺ᷿˽ּ֮ߣѲǼ¾ûˡ
ڶ˸ܵСС˶ʵܾͬԺҪԼ߲СӲ֪˭˵ʵغɣֻͦʲô֪֪ҲոԼֻŶ϶棬ҲûˣһһҲͦá
ţϴŴһԷ˶ͦˡƽһūŵȵڲܵӻڸȷƽһζ
һ˴룬÷ĺˣõֵҲ򷢼ȥˣһֱطvûء˵һһúùԷΪʲôˣ
Ϊʲô֪ܻҪġóʱ˰ʱطvŹŷѩӽˣҳԿȺ˵                        
շһ~Էȥ~~~

ڰʮ

ûһطvǾʲô, һ·һ˹Ĳ˵, ǰΰҽȥͷǶǲǶ, ߲ûء
û˸ƽһ, ҪһۣҪ˭û˭, һԶ˭˭û, һԿֻ̻ûͷŵ, Щۡ
˵ҲǣĲ˲ó, ôĵ棬ǶԼֵʱĲ˲ǰըõ, ϵĹӡ
ûû, ʥϸǰô, ܸܲū̿, Թо͸ûвࡣըҲ֪һȹزŶģطvĻ˵Ŷ, ͸˵ˡ
ֻõĵĵǻɣ˵óԣôڣ
ÿͿЩŵطv˵ԾͲ, үƤӵҲӣôЩȥˡ
ǣҽǰˮûҺȣ˵Զˡطvˣְֱߵľƺˣп̧ͷ顣ǳԵüˣҭɤۣű˳ȥŴ
ͼˡһ죬Ͱסˡʰʮϯչһ˸ͷͰͼקͷһ
طvΪ̫ӸˣүӰϣһ̫Ǳߴ̫һִֵ̿ǵģ־¿ûô򵥡
Ȼò׵Ȼʰ꣬˶Ϊ¾ȥˣû뵽ŽһȺûüӦͼѾѹȥˡ
ǣΪʲô֪϶ӵͼڿôãʲôҲūŸ̻ġͼôǳ͢سѵҲܸиʵʵɡ
طvҡҡͷͼĴ̫ӣ̫ܿӵöĺã͵ܶ˵˶ץˣⶫܸгʲô
ἸӣֻͼԼйʥ깰̫¡ʰõʱȻʲô˵̫ȻүˣܸɵūţҲá
ǣô찡鲻̫ʲôʱҲ֪ʷ׻᲻ỹǰһϾǲԼطvĹϾźʮٲȻԼӺͱͷүûܳû˳ɫİүֱ̫ͣӵ͸ˡ
ô죿衣ϯͼȥ֮һֱɢϯ̫Ӷһ仰û˵ɫϴû˵Ϣ̫¾ӣūŷŻع칬ȥˡ
ˣҲǸһ۹ϵ󡣡طvԵò˰˸ӣ¿ӲˡѾ˯ˣסںڵ϶š
طvְ˱ԼתƣԺӻСүܾЩŲطvӸŵˣźתҲʳ
ôطǻ˽ģٴҲû˰ոô񣬵ʱԺѾĽģ߻˸СԺܲסöӵסԺǱȥ
һӵǲطɱոĴ󰢸磬ǰźѾ̫࣬һǺüʮˣ´ūŶס˷ԺǱߣڶ᷿źҲ١϶˲ˣɲоЩ
ӶС˴ҲԺסúúõģ÷ŵԺǱȥԺԺڶԺߣ׼պ˺ӣס¿ɺãԺһտ˼꣬Ժӻûϡ
˵ô졣кǴˮϴ˯ýȥҶġӵ¶ϱطvĹߺӣ鶼ǿڸԼһüͷЩ£ү˵Ƕ֪Ұȥ
Ҳôһ˵ӻСǸǰ꣬ʱסطv⻰˵ûԼСʱӹϵһֱڳǰ׽úܣҰţ밲ʱ򻹲ࡣ
˵ˣүסһӵıոطv˰ϣûסʱطvԼˣǱߵ˵͸÷ŲµĻӸĻӲһ£ʱ˵ûҪ̧һ̧λ
İҲǣһ˵ô࣬ͦסһ˵׾Ǹøã࣬ҪĹˣȥĺá
طvԹҲЦţѺӱִȥ֮󣬸§˾ȥ棬˰ɣҲ˲ǡطvһ˵ţ־͸Ųʵ鷴ֺݺֱѡ
컹ýЩеûġǻָͦãҲаĹƣ˯˯˯ȥ
˯˯˯˭˵˯ˡҪ˵Բŵľõģطvո͵ȶͦã˴§֪ͦ㣬ûһ˯ˡ
ʮͼ˵¶طvû뵽Ǿƾ˭ֱҲû뵽ط|С͸طiԸ֮ΪǵǳֵûʱͲñ¹ܵ˭ʤ˭Ͻи˶ϣôȥˡ
˿̲˾ֱڱط|ƣԼûְôʰԼءⲻǺ£żѾвµΪʲôԼ˶סˣ˽˵°úãҲ˵˾̫˵ġ
үųи׽ĺЩ˵˵ǰֱͷʵʮϵ¶ط|ŵ÷˸ɴ෢˻˭ͱź򡣴ıѪĸҪٴֱùͷط|
Ҳ֪ǹ갡¶ǹźӡǴ󸣽ЩҲʹ󸣽ʱȰ
Ҫ˵󸣽ҲǹԵģЩֱԺ˲٣ɸֱӵȴֻд󸣽һֱҲǸһĸ񣬲ŰѵӸеӾ˰ɣ󸣽ֻˡ
ôˣĸūѰġֱŴ󸣽ոžͰԵϨ˴룬ӹݵֱߵĲڣ̾Ű¶ǵˮһ󸣽˵һΡ
Ƶģ̫Ǳˡ̫֣Ҿ͵ø̫žҸâһô꣬ʲôʱҸǰʧ̬ϵ̫󸣽ŶЩ޸̫ӸûҲûУµͷ˻ܲһݡ
󸣽̾㰡ҾȰȥҸͷһ㲻ˡ̫Σ֮ǰʰ߳ͼҲӦôͰ˰ˡ
˵ˣͼöǶùͼ̫ӿ϶Ҫ׷Լ˶ֱֱʣǺο̫ء⻰˵ط|㶼֪Ҳ˵Ҫʰʵ̫ˣֱûѶӵˡ
УүġֱĴ󸣽Լͷֱ֣㴫˵ֱڸԷʱ˼˷磬ˡ
ϴˣϢع칬ʱ̫ĵȥֱ˵ϢûŶЦϴһôѧˣѵãѵá
ʵطi֪ط|ĹŹ죬ʵͷүǸˣ˵ЩҪ˵ܸɣҲүܸɡ
ܸɵˣж¾жۣһиԼڵм䣬ʰȻҪǰЩʰû߳ͼʱ̫ʵˡֻû뵽ʰѡ˹췢ѣһ·
ǿ¶طiȴܲܡӣȥˣʱȥǰװү˰طiҪȥĵ飬߸ŵūŶ׷ع칬
̫ӽʰ־⼸ûˡſ̫ūţʲôأСӾģÿ²ߣɲС
ȥ鿵ôطiֲǸɵȻ֪ⲻԼĺðԼڵĿ𡣽ȥˣԼͲⲻǸТ˳ӣǸܣ治鳼̫ӣʱʰԼôŶл˵
ɽҪǲȥԼû±ôſ˺ūŽͼԼ˵ˣĸūŸҸ̫Ӻߡʱûʰ֣ԼҲֻǸ˵̫ӡ
̫ӵȥȻ·һǾͶŰһ·ˡ˵ϣ̫ҲٶȰֻʵʵطiĵ
ĿƵ̫ӣֱЩҪͼ飿
л˵̫Ӷ˶ͷվӲͼ飬ʰ˵˵
̫֪ܽĵ˵ʲôֻҪԼˣǾǸͼġֻҪȥĻԼҪģˡ
ŶطiЩͬҲÿЩ̤ʵ˳Ļʣ˵ʲô
ʻʰ꣬ӻĶ𡣡̫⻰һĵ̫๬Ůȫͨһſȥˣѿͷŵֱ¡
˵ʲôԭĵůû˶ǰţһ۲ĶŶӣ˵һ顣
ʰ꣬ӣݵıƶӵءطiʱʱ̶̿ôʲôˣͬʱȫµļҲˡټҪҲҪɫĴطiǱְģӴĴ
ϧҲˣǸٻҲΪ֪ļ֮࣬ϣҲ¶ʱطi̧ͷع칬죬Լ񺣶ǰ˸öá
꣬ⳡ̫ӵϷ㰢۾˼ʮ̫꣬ˡطi˵˴ʵ̲˺ͷʣٴι¸ֿ˸ͷʵװȥˡ
ΡůЬߵطiǰô길꣬˵ĻͲɱ㡣
¡طi̧ͷԼҰ꣬꣬Ӷ֪жٲѣӡ㲻̫ж֣̿·ߵ̫ˣõûһһӣ̫ˡ
⻰ÿվסҪȫ˼߳͵һƨȥ˰̫Ӵع칬㡣ѵȴ˿ڣ޲ֱӷĹεĶ᲻ãֻܰ˹
̫Ӹͼ飬Ͻع칬Ϣܿʹˡ֪ĵ¶ˣȫţȫû¡̫ҲûУʮ壬ûʮٵʱ򣬴ͼʥּˡ
Ȩһʱൽ˾͵˸µһˡֻ֪ǲ̫鵽ãϵǻһ˾н˸ˡ                        
շȻС˵ʵϷ˵͸ʷϵĵطǾϻвԵĵطҵĹ233333333
  д̫ӵһСμдɾɾдǸоҲûбǷΣֻ~

ڰʮ

꿵ʮ˵ǸӣȴҲͷһ̫û¶ٽڡҲ, ǰ±ЩūžͶڲ, հѿùǺ̫ӣܲܳ
̫Ӳ, վôǰߵȻֱֱ̫ӣطiǴ, ϴҲҪŸɡɽòطi治, ͷ, ط|վǰ, ȻȶӶЩ£ܾĶ, ͷֱð
, ϴ, ǰͷз紵˻ô, ʲôʰ, ӵȻҪͶطvһĴӲϱ߳ͷÿ͵񲻹ˡ½ǹҲûʲô, ˽¸ϼƹǡ
㲻ǰ㵱Ȼ£ûƼүɫϴĵֲģΪ治°屻طvָͷ, ҲŲŲССֹվ˺ߵϰֱ顣
ǣط|ǲþԼ̫ӱˣûסʰͼĽŲͼ˸ȻɢߡЩˣж˵˵ģ໹ظ̫ӵġ
̫ЩΪӳԼµ鷳Լ˶ڱ˵ЩḯˣɡҧӦ˰˳ɻ¶̫࣬ԼûϵҲ˵ˡ
ʰǺֶΣһƲ˳۵ͼͰԼ̫ȫ̶Ѳİ
˵ʲôأٴòүλٶ˱طvԽ˵Խ𾢣ߵĵܵܺʹмŶ䣬ʲô˵ġүƲȥŤͷ伸˱졣
ͷŶɫӣʱǽеϱվͷ¿ǵʲô˼ʵһ
٣ûԼҲʹ죬ϴ˵Ҳ߷ּ٣˿ģΪľԼͼһժȥֻϧôһ忪ʼ˾û˵ĵԼҴǶ㲻˵ġ
Ǭ幬Щү˼죬Щ︣ǵһƬʢͼˮֱƽʱ̫˵ʲôҪǺǺĴ󸣽һѣʲô̫ȣ鼸۾ֱˡ
ϧ̫ʵû¸ƽԴ̫Ӵĵû¶档˵ǽ㣬˭Ҳȱع칬Ķ̫Ӿôûû׵ԼԺԺū˻졣
ֵùˣʰǱܻҪ˵䡣ر˵ȫСūŵӰûŰ
ôˣͳˣǰܣЩСľòˡɢϯҪ̫ϷһϷ̨Ķһ죬߾ͷĿˡ
ʮ¶ǿˣԼͲǸʡĵڼҸɵżһǰǹشʲôϢҲܵһʱţܱڸá
˵Ҳˣƣǲǲôˡػ϶ʡ԰ס˴꣬˵ˬ˸ˣָ졣
鲻۵Ť£˵䴩öƲʲôɫ϶ۺ졣˵һߴ󣬿ǱǿĲ˵˵⾫ͷҾ׷㡣
ӵʱѲⶼˣܾû˶ֻڿèšԽԽ붯ͷҲŶһأЩطԸԼԺˣ˵Լ˰ģҲŲþ
ƣɩе˰黹ǵøռϵһӣԼͺϲЦˬɩӣǲ˲١ɩӣⲻŰǲǻأ˵Ҹˡ
ƴǣ治Ը߷簡ѩģٻͷ˭ԸŰϻа仰û˼˵ڣ֮ǰûӣģ㲻иºӻûҪʧطġ
ںҲˣطֲǵȺģɲˡϺ鶼žƯƯģٻЩζ
ɩ𼱣ҽ취˵İ취ҲǱ취Ů˰ϱ߾ûʲôݾºܶӣҲóԵ˿࣬Ǯ㻹ǵòǵҸ
ǵãǸϵͷ߱ոý󣬵ĵȻǵá
ҵʱѧȭҸ֪ģԺطû¸ɾǺ߼˸СӣƽʱҲ߻
㣬¹ڸﻹȥ԰ÿ춼ܼһʱڶѩԺһȭٽݡ
κ壬ǿҾǸѧģ˵۲ᵶǹ÷׮ɣһһʱȭţԺﶵһʱȦвУܱڿǿ
⣿𣿡ЩţطҲʱھᶽ߶سǵıҲûƼõĶȥǶӶˡ
ɩӲ˵ۼǼүһһȥŰаʱ¾˲˰ɡʣµʱ䣬ǺȲ죬Ǹ˱ȥˡⲻϳĶطvڹˣëҲһѶҪʱʱ̶̿ţֵϲˡ
ô˵ɣ쿴ϲҲںϹ֡˵ѧûӾͲ꣬ǿɱȺ˴ͷ
û˵ȫϲѧ֮ǰطv͹ȥСӣûģˡطvţһͽкãɲѺͷߥ
⻰棿ϳƪ϶ʱҲţֱ˵ϣͻȻ廰ôСǸЩɡ
ɩӣҵǲôãⶬůůͣҲƵûšƫƫЩū´ӲԸʱǰƿϴ⣬͸˵ǱˡüҵǱȥůˣҲ˱ëˡ
˵ʲôҪʿɴͶأһ뿪Σ´ŰǾͰѰ籧ڣӿ˳ˣٰѰ籧
˵ĵҲһͷǲ֪Ǻӹǲǿȥɵ¿ɺãͷͿԣʱȥѧʱ򻹶ࡣҪϰô˵ҲҪ·ӡ
ôһ˵͸ˡүĶǼֱһ۵bug˭뵽Ӻۻһӣ˸ǬСģѼҶүܸɾء
Һ˵ͣûʲôӡ񱾸ʱģǺʹҲһҪ˰ɡ
ҪɩӸĸ˵˵ɣʱвеĸطvȥү±Ƕ鲻Ҵֲ浢˺ӣֻһ֧үطvǶȥ
˵Ķԣһȥ͵һ¡Ǿ͸ϵӲ࣬С꣬иһҪ
˵ʲôأ沼ֹģҿϷˣ⿴˵ȥˡ̨ԽԽ֣˾Խ˵Խ𾢣ֱ̫ͻȻŴǡ
̫Ļϱ˵ӵ¶أ˵⺢ӳÿ죬һ첻ϲˡϸ̫ػʡ
ţһ˵Ҿ뺢ˣȸãǶӴơ̫Ǿϵĵض̫󻹸٣̫ˣ˼һͦµ
Ȼ̫˵ˣȻʵӦȵ˹ǰǰ󶼸طv˵ˣʱֻǺͺɣ϶·ȥﰡ
㶨̫Ҳƣ˭ϵ󡣡طvЩ̫󿴺Ǿǿʣʱ͵㶫ͻˣͷʼǵļҵĺӣ֤ĸǲסǶүôŰ
ô㻹طvװɵװǶǲǱźǿ缸밲ƼŮǾͷ̬Ҿ͸˵û˭Ҹǿ
⻰˵ò٣ϴȭӣ»棬ӹҲ˲һطvŹŮòʵô£ɰѺ§һĶȺġֲòùøһ
Ҹ˵ȿˣҾͰѺҲԺǱͣҲңȸѧšȿˣҲеˣʦ
У˵ʲôСֻҪûɵͣԸ˭ѧ˭ѧǿ˾͵ö˼һʱ磬طvȻ¶Ӧ飬ֻҪϱ˾ͺá
޾յĹ֮طvڸլһʱ䣬Ŷȥ٣˲޲ܴ¶ǻ϶˶û
ڼֻү֣Ӱҳȥֵ˵ʲôûʣո֮½½ͷȥŲۣҲھһСɷԭڽİ繫ӣضͻȻ֡Ҽҿ޵Ļͦ֡
ֱ£ԣǱߴ˵õϢԣȫ԰˳˳ưѸֵطv                        
շʷĴ϶ǲģҲ䲻үҺӿ϶Ҳǻģ;Ͳзˡ

ڰʮ

˵÷Ѿǰƴ, ˺ôүܸðϯּɡԣ, ֪ʲôãǾôһҲп, ̽˭ԸⴥùͷԸ˭¶ͷ
ǻ, ±ߵūҪͷܲȫˡ˵, үү, ҲӶ, Ŷţ˭治Ҫ
Ϊ˸ұķ, ˵үһͷ˲һյ, һۡ
үǱ󰢸лʦͷ뵽ˡطרȥ˵ʲô, ĺлʦ, ȻΪ˺غСѧС, ܰһȭ˰ľơ
Ҳֵİ۸缸鷿ĸ첻, 䣬һȭô԰𣿡طֱӣļˣڸжвطʵûΪʲô, 綼ˣܵܵȻ͸¡
ǣҲĸ縮Ǽӣ˵⼸һһסûĸ綼ƵֻûիˡϵǾ¾͸ð죬Ǹ󰢸磬һֱûϹҩɩһ˵ͷͶܸʦȭˣذ
һ˵Ҳû缸ûסĲûУôĻټҪͶסҪиһĿܣүӿ¶룬ûƨ
ҪҪҲͷϯʲôġطǸʵˣ˵治ü˳켸ͳһˣү涼ûš
аȱͷ棬үϽҸͷϴӦĸɴ࣬תͰѸѧ˵ĶӸˣʡط򵽺ϡֻүһĥ׻ʲô˵ͷ
Ǳߣطv飬Ȼﲻ֣Ǿͳŷ٣ɴҡôô˰Ҳٰⶼ˭ǰҲû
һ绹ûϯʱͱż˲µĹԱˣһЩûй˼Ҳˣ˼Ҹٹ̣ûھҲø棬ܶ㵽ŻѵĵЪһЪס
˵ɵ㻹治Щ˱˭ģûŮģѾû§ŹŮĸģһطvʱ绹û𣬾Ѿˡ䲻˱չүֻñ߶ԼŮ
Ҳ߯ЩոǼ˹Ҷûʲôģ˭ҵľˡ˺ЩıոԾҲˡѲʱҲûطvЩԱǣⳡ滹Щ˸ˡ
ʲô㰢ں߸ءôЩҲǰ״ģŮ֮߱󣬼¾˵ף֪үӵ׼ֻǰͰѡ
ǰвʶĶɩڣġŮţ׼ǰϯȥ·ϣڸԼŮġ˵һ곤ǾʮţϿС¹Ů޵öãԼвٲġ
Ҳģֻͷ̫۵ûš¡صʱˡطvϾԼ̫ܲˡ
⺢ӣô඼Բá˵ǱŵĶ裬ĵĲ⡣ֱ£ٲҶ˵
ǰϯ֪ΪʲôԼҶҪɩȫϣԼʵ̫ˣû˵ʱûϺӦ͹仹û˼ǻĲʫҲöˡɱ治һ¡
ϯͷβһֱҷǼ̫̫ͷ밲˵ðɣ˼ҽһΪ٣Ǳطvģ˵ģܲϲɣ
æˣطvǱæźȾƣмСӰģҲȵòˡ˸òԶżŤͷöϵʱ򣬶ܲԷ۽üεЦʵ̫ˣ¿۵Ҳֵ
ֻϧǺӣҲ˲ۣϯɢ֮˵ЪɣܼҾżæŹˡǰ߼үǶȴˣֻܼϺ飬˵ǽ͵ߣмˡµģ˵͸үġ
⼸춼ٹң¶Щԣû˵߱ոϸר裬Ҳǲаүһ˹ӡֻҪˣȻͻˡ
û뵽˸ҵԼ£Լ䲻ǹַҪ˴ӣҲɲñ˲ȵԼͷǷڸճǻ˵Լûʲô׶طvŻӡɲ߱ҪҪˡ
ءģͦףŮ룬Ͻһ䣬ֻùܼȥֻ鲻úŪǲˣϽ˵Ķء
ع̵ĻŷǱߡ˵͸߱յˣҲٽͳɲֻŷǱ߰ˡ
Щ˼͵ɡҲ˲٣ڻûʱЩɵѡ
Ҷǵӹģôûء
Ǿͺã͹ܼҶܼˣЩ˶ͻȥ֪ûЩˣһҲ˼ҡԹԼ鰮¾˽ݲٶˡ˵˵ģЩ˱ոҪ
棡û뵽ԼŮôᣬүǱ߶û֪һͰôˡһһүô졣
֪ԼģҲû˵ʲôֻǰϵ֣ҲûѾ˵ļɩӣԹܼ˵·ǰԺʱү˵һ
Ȼ̷Ҫô죬ܼҲֻ¡Ϊµ˱үǶòźãûհ˵˵߱ǲʹȥˡ
طvôû뵽Լչ죬ūŸԼôһӣϽģҹ̵ģ˺Ǽ͵ĶӻȥطvôһžƵ˴룬ˣȥ
ãԵԭ˹ţǾ˭ܲˡͳĹܼһһҵ͹ūô룬ǾͲطvҪܵ¶ˡ
˻˸֮طvƨɺ߽ͣ¾ԲԼ˼±ߵ˲ŸӭϣֻûָԵصķģǰ¸Ūȥ
ӱү⣬þǸ˰졣Ⱥڸսԣȫްţ㶼Ȼֹˡ
ӵϢʱ컹ûԺվȥԥͦòšڶ˵ʱү͸Ҫһȥƶ磬Ǻò˯ðȣе㲻̰˽
ʲô¶ôءûˣŵҹ֦϶Ǳֵף֦ɴһϾû˯ʲôҲϱĿе㶯ˡ
ϽȥţԣްˣϢүϽȥ²СȵүµĶӲ࣬ôЩһֱܻʶүԣͷһݣҪȥ˽ץСӿɲɡ
طv֦ѵʱΪ϶ǳСˡҲ֪ǲ̫źӣССĺӻ˵ѧῴ²˵߶úõģֻҪһϰûڸǰֺѾ߻˼綼岻ãҪԼȥС
ӣǰ硣֦סԵ۾Ҫ´ȥӵطvԣްˡ֦ȷסطvûһƨشߣﴫϢϽȥء
طvס˴غݺݴ˼Żعͷѻͷ˯ҲѡϽʰûĶˣðĶϽȥð졣ԣȱˣؿ϶ҪؼТġժĺ죬Ͻժ˰ɡ
ԣ˲һ죬֮ǰ˵Щˣôһգ˾ȥء⻰ֹһҲû˵޳ıһ£˭˵׼
ԣԶûþ͵ˡһȻūŽţطvǰߵʱүүϾȵ˵ʱ򣬿طv͵ͷҲû˵ʲôǱ̩ӭ֣Ǽ
ʱûʲô˵ģ˵ıŻûֵǹˡֻϰŵʱ򣬼ֵܿ˲ֹһӣǶ̾˿
ԣطTûŹ˭Ҳ֪үôƶˣ⼸ԣûڿǰ˵طTĺûԣǸʵˣ˵ûҲֱֱȥĲܻ˭ÿͦġ
طTųûе÷үҲûطT񸮣ˮж㣬ǿɺȥˡ˵ҲԣطTģԣˣϰôܲܡ
ֻӱ̩طTһֱô׽ŰүҲ䲻ȵģϹȥ͵ˡطTܵʱ򣬱̩ʲôֵ̬һᡣ
⼸Լһȴǲ˳ϾʮԼûϼλӡ˵񸮵Ļˮɱļ磬Լūˡ
ټԼٳûӣԼ߶߶£ЩȱϰءûڱQٸʲôã˻ģǵūŵƵء
ֵ˼죬Ҳʵʵһԣ顣󵽵ֱû¶̫ӣ̫ӹع칬ôãɫɫڶڲס
ֱѵûԼܵʲô̫¶Ҫߵʱ򣬻ס˼䡣Ҵ̫סߵģҲֱˡطiԼ磬ǰط|ʵĶʵʵˡ
±ߵĵܵܳĶ꣬ǴСҲһꡣ̫ʱѵõֱ̧Ҫ˵ʲôȴʲôû˵
ȵ֮˲ŴӴҴҹŵū֪һֱ˸ͼҲˡ
һ֮ڣһүһ࣬ﶼЩû˵ڵζĿɲֹˣ˵˶ǰʥϿƽɽʲô֣һ˴Լ˺£ҲôĻˡ                        
շͼԣʷϿ϶ͬһټģҵ˽衣
  ͻӱʵûʲôȻϵҲҵ˽衣Դҿ֣~
 Ϲأۺ~(ţ 3)

ڰʮ

Ӱȥǰ, Ǳ¶û, ˾͸Ͻү巻ߴ, ôֲˣѺͺپҲ, үǲż˻ôš
Ҫ˵þˣûЩ, ֻϽ˸һѡǰּ, ֮Ѳ, ò׻ûȣ˵ҪѲ, µ׾ҪڲſʼȻͦϵģٵˡ
, ż, үȥ鷿֮ǰ˵, ˾ͻ, һ˹ɫھǴ, طvĵȵôðĻ˵ֱԼѰ
֮󣬻ûȼչͷԣȥ, үһȥҪүӵҲ˲١ʱȥԣǰһжǼٰģû뵽¶֮Ͳˣٵ·ƪү¶Ҳ׵ˡ
ڼֵһ𱻵˭Ҳ˭ūҲû˭죬ǻϵ׶ӣ˭֪ж컯ǱʲôֲҪһӱա
ôһȣǵȥףѲʱ򣬿һųŵĶǣ±ЩӶˣЩҲŲŲλˡôţʥּ߱ոŻ鹣˴
㰡Ҳ֪үٺôôѾߣ˵ĻӣӣôˣҪҸǰһӣ
ӣ⻰˶ٴˣ治ˡӷҪ첲գʵ̫˵¶ÿ궼ʣÿ궼ޡطvƲȥˣɴһֲ࿴ˣͣطvĺãⲻƽҲڵһ
аɣҲ˵ˣ˵ֵҷǲǡ⼸÷ƽ˾̫ӱ۶ͼ֮󣬾Խ¼ҹˣҪûʲô£̫¶ʱ򶼲ࡣ
̫Ӿ̫ӣ¶ҲЧҴֱǱ̫߱³ţʱʱ͸°ӣҲڲģ⼸ʣڿǰѵظֱûݡ
ЩֵүүͷμֳүϾʮǵ͵Ĳҵ⼸ˣ⼸گ޵飬ȫԲˡ
޵β˵˼仹׬˲ͷүףɴԼھǰ˸֣ͦ󣬶˼ҵĺӶǶȥ
ϾŵԽԽ󣬵ջ̶·Ͷǣͷµģǰ¡Ҫ⼸ϺԽԽ˺·ץεģϾ˵þҪԼһˡ
ϵڽµ巻ڹģɲСϱߵƷкʱˡ鵱Ҳ˹ɣ˵࣬ŻİˮһûаүţطKóɵ¶ܳɡ
ôҲȲʮ˸ɴ೹˦֣浱竡Ͼϻ⣬ʮʲôɣ񾩳˭֪Ҫŵľʮү
˼ʮֱͦ׳ǶǶ¡ĸҹҪϽ㣬ǶӦǾͲ糨棬ÿٺ»͹ļҵףطKǵһݳϢʲôȱģԼϾء
үߣԼһĶֵصĸܵܣǻԴӳͼ֮ү͸ӼᶨԼ·ӣúøɣûµʱԲ԰㡣
ӲҲøģ˵Ҳȥˣ֮ǰӿؼ֡ϾȺɵүܺùҷԴӺ
ϰ񸮻÷ˮûϾʮڳҲֱ͡ڡҲ׻ʰݲñɾҲݲԼѺЩתүֵ£˶˵үͷҲ֪Ķôˡ
ֻϧﻹһӶûУ㲻߬طTţԺ˲ûûֵͨѾͷҲֻ˸񡣲ЩϰưүҲƹˣ󲻹Ҳǵ¶
ھֿȵĻſʮүʮүʮĺ䣬ھӪʱڸﻹ࣬߶˵ʮеֱķ緶ʮүߵý⼸Ϊ˴ۿԽ죬ľų˭֪ʥϲĻʮʮλա
үطvһطvȥˡ񹤲Ǳطvȥ˵ְߣǰȢ˹ĳС֮񹤲ҲƵô¡
ǵܽزµʱطvɲץͷϽӣǱȥŶԺСѾͷ鷿߶תƺüأǸǱ߶ȼˡ
ܸطv꣬ͲǵǸС˼ϸһǺǰһŶԺǱ˾Ҫ˵¶ˣ¸Ǳ¶ӡ
û¶˵ġطvĻ᲻֪ʲôרܳġһεʱطvڸ͵취ʵǼܲסһ綼ҪǶѡʽ
ǰҲ͵ˣڲУ˴ҪɸߣɫߵĻҪΪʲôұߵĲáҪ˵˵ˣǾŰ˵ɡ
ͱҰȥˣǴҸپġǰ￪ʼɣܻ̹һʱ䣬һҲӦáСԽϵ׶ƣ²Ƥ
طvƤ⻰Ƥû̧˳ֱߵСӾǱӹȥƫѧ磬úܣһͶ㿪ˡپֻһ㣬͸ںְӽס¾ͳԵȥˣطvֱ顣
Сǹģ֪ԼûԼ棬ָϽյطvǰˣеطv᲻һƨϣˤ˸ƨնŽ
˵Ҳţү˴󰢸Ҳһ˳ԺǱȥֻƨɴӵطЦˡ
²ߣСҲˣǲ֪ΪʲôֻԼȶŰˡܲˣС벻׵ı˳
ҡӿź󰢸绹СҪþãҪ󰢸ٵȵȣʦѧ꣬ʱūš
ү̫Ƶ±ЩүȻſ⼸Ѿ躹޵ˣѲ⣬֪ү˼үǴϴ룬ʮүʮү⼸СĶҪţӿɲ͸ö
겻꣬ԣȥ֮ǳ󲡣֮Խ粻ȺǰҪɷݴµģڶֻܰȹӾˡ
֪ΪүҵǰԺȥءطvǲô̤ʵ˶Ժ֮ϻǰֳˡֻϧЩ˼ôù飬ˣЦͱЦѿ
żͽܵţطvһŸүĹͷʵʵʼ໰ûС֪£Ҳû˵ʲôֱǻˣǣϳϡ
ǲ˵𣬺ǱҲͷˣôˡҪСǶȥطvҲס˵˹ʮǱ߻أ׸Ҳɨ˰ɡ
ǶСˣ㲻ʦپ𡣡ӣ궼ˣҲûǶͣ˵һߣҶͻסһӣôˣڣûġ
ү֪Ƕû⣬ôˣүǸʹġطv治ļӣ仹ڣԼ񶼿ɾһˣ˭
үǲĳѲ¶˵үҪʮǲŶ󣬴ʲôүôСʱ춼鷿ʦء񵹺ãһ߼ĶҰˡ
طvĥ͸ûɹѲҪȥ¶ôŶϵرܣѾòŵ̫ҲӴˣΪʲôء
˵ϱɽҪţ߶࿴׾ǲǸʵ۵첻ϽţͲ±Щӵĸɢ
ˣôҲǰˡѲʱӶųȥҲûʲô£ʹһط|Ҳ˲ӣġ㣬ż갡۽ǲǶˡ
⼸һֱûϹ£һдС£Ͷ¶˵һʵûɵĶȥɺ͹ĵˡ
طv鸧ź󱳸ɴµϣԴȣо£۶ôˣҲûٻ˲ǡϵ˻͵è¶Сֹү̫źˡ
¶˾Ƕˣ˭ֹҲûáڶרŽһ˵̸¸˵˵ͷֱ˵ʲôطvģ⼸ز٣¶뱣ס﹬ЩǺӵȫ
ʮ˽ûȥ鷿ΪĻʰ磬ʮ˴Ӽ𣬾ûôû˵лʰ껹ҪʱУε¡̫Ӷ磬˼Ҳôع칬Ҳû߸Сһɳζ
СڹйΪһλĶʵȨ׸磬ӹñˡɩӽ֪϶Ϊȥ¶ɩģֲǺˣѺپҲɰģ϶ɩӿǡ
Ӵʮ˵ɰ»ؼֵø˵ֶʵûϸۡСӼʱ٣ֻ˼£ﻹôһ㡣ǰֶͦȣػضǺ
ˣǹܲסˣظǳȥҲãһ⻰٣Ҫ˵ط|ûµˣǾֻطvˡ˽˵󲻾ĻطvǾǵֳ꣬ط|С鶼طvܡ
𣬶Ӳ˵˻𡣡ط|һͷ󣬡ӻйû꣬ȥˡɩɩǧǵûȥҸǰңһ䶼ᡣ˵ˣֻͳЦá                        
շǺҲ˹~~~~

ڰʮ

Ҫ˵ʲô¶˳أǰطvϲþ, ڸڡٳǰһ, үֵܼȥȾƣ˵طҲһֱĲɵ, үüθ˵ûš
ߣô°, °ططvϵΪʲô, ֵܶ, ˵, үˡ
ٸŴطvŲһ, ͬģСһ𳤴, طϾŶôڸ, ϲϱռԼˡûʲô, ܾĶþ, ˵
⻰˵ûͷûβģط˵Ϳ, Ŷ˼û¡طֵľû£ү⻰ȥˡү⼸ŷ𣬱¹ٰɷǿ˲飬˲پ
ϵԵ, سСĵΪϡүô˵ܵҲô¡ɽ¥ķ֣⼸궼ֻ˶ڣʮʮĶˣүҲӲ˹˵ЩûͷģűߵĻҲ໥ᡣ
طvǾÿүСˣԼŤ˵ûϢá뷨ڶҪʱһ㶼ûˡʥݳѲǶʱʲôʱʲôʱŶйصġǴպϣò׼ʮɣҪ뷹Ҳͱˡ
ػͳ˲ӣǸ죬ͳ˻ɡô°ȺԽûˡҪطvϲëһʱͲ̹
Ҹ̣ȹ˽ͺˡ˺ЩСģǰͷ⼸үǾͺźڿǰˡǸģҪĶҲҪġ
У㿴طvֻϰĶʱԼ磬Լְ֧ܾܶĶĶС
ʰһͳţ޼ӹԷǰǻͰᵽ߱Ժȥˡپ仹ڶԺСһûʮ߰춼Ǳߡ˳緹ʱһӱԺġ
֮ǰȰطvʱô˵ôеֵҪţԼ᲻ˣڸваҪʲôǧʵڲоȥҾ˾ˣҪֱȥҲС
Ұǰ˭˵ĥĥšͲǰǸɿɰЩСˣСӹءһ߶а취죬³ļıϽˣ̳Ժ춹ĺپûüϡ
ģǶ￴ţҪǴ紳ӾҴȥپǸԽԽԵĺӣԼ⼸ûʲôҲûطvʱʱ̿ŵĸ񣬺پͳԼСް
ԣǺپ˽յʦͲԽ̡Ǳֽ̳ǣڸеĵλǲɺġ
²ֵܵû£ʵС̫˭֪Ĵһĺñ£үǴԶҪŴȥĸǣǵ緢޹̡
ӶȥǰԺˣ鿴ʵǸ˲ٵԼҪŵʱ򣬸ߵԣһѾ䵽ԼˡʱʥӦûǣʥѲ⣬ûǾˣ治ô
ôãʥԵֵǶôãɳ˻ô졣үӻ˻Լǰߵ磬ʵʱˣ˳ſʶ˵㡣
үǰ߾һֱүҲǣžǰʲôôʶүү˸飬ϻ¶֡
ֱ˳ſڣǼ죬үſõɫȥˣɺߵܵǶţ˲ϰʰ꣬µúð
һ죬ԭĿͣˣԼʲôп֪Ǹ廨ͷҲүͣƣү˵ʲô˵˵ô÷
ûлͷүһƬհףƽԼʫдǶǶţպţһҲôһ䡣ڼ·ĹԼ룿ʲôءʰ꣬갡µ죬·Ҳǡ
ĥĥ죬˵û˵أطvںֱӾûסЦ˳Цüֱ¡¶Ц̵סֻҪһ˴ͷǾͶ̲סүֱ飬ָү˵
ѵɣүĴ󰢸綼ʮ꣬ٹҪ˵ȢϱˣΪѵʵû˼ɲ˵Ųʹ죬뵰鶼Ķȥˡ˵ֻܵЦֱȥ
磬үʵү˸Ĵָ˭뵽λүܳҪǸƽʱܡүô˵طvҲϽ˭үֶ죬⻰˵̫Σ¼ǰ˵ʫʱҲء
ϧѾ֪үʥǰһûþʹ飬ʱ䲻໥ʺĻͶˣ첻졣Ҳдţôһȷûٶã¶ˡ
˾ǣһ·ȥͦƽ·ϳʮʮ˼СЩҪĵĵط治ࡣʥǰʮʮţطvĶһ·ķ糾
ֻ˵ط֮⼸үͱɹЩ˸סˣıȥȾ˵£طvûԼ߻ġÿģҪˡ
ܺȾͱȣūҲСǳŰŻʰѲⰡǺȾˣӹĻԼɵЦˣӹӵݹӸ֣ڴŤŤȥĲʵ
û£Ͷһôһطv˵ֱȻģ͵ԼƱץʱһģһ棬ͷ~
ɹߺȾ̫ݣطvʵЩмܲסѾƲѲѵķܣһ黳꣬ģȫϡ
˯ɣ˯һͺˡҲȥүŵô˽ʣҲæûϢʱյҲ󲻹ˡ
һ˳עҪ£ϸ˯ҹʹ߽˵ط|Ǳ߳ˡط|ߵ̫ҹˣүϽȥ
طv˯Ժ´ߵʱ߲һֱߣ·ûˤࡣӪʱΪ˺չˣط|طvĲԶ·Ĺ͵ˡô°
߸磬Һʮ˳Էʱͦõģ˯ҹˣңҲ֪ΪʲôسʮʮСסһʮˡ
Ͻģ̫ҽȥСû¶ֻطvûڡطvط|ͷյûͦ
̫ҽÿ죬Ҳ˵纮ҲпǵµطˮΣҪȳҩƿ
̫ҽô˵طvֻôš˷ȻūŸȥҩҩطvҪȻȥ˯ҺӿšطvĻңŵ׵ıЬţŶǱ
û£šطvȥҲ˯ţôšط|ʱԼһʮ˶ôˣҲԼտӻģ˿յСͨڴϣܲ۰
ˣҲٶ˵ɴȥһ˰Ь඼˹ź˴֮󣬾Ҳһšҩιȥ֮Ҳûʲôɫһֱ֮յú˵СŲЩ
סطvһֱط|˵緹ŴгȥүǶ»һ̫ҽǵֵģöƣطv뷨ǸҸöƵĴЩ
ûߵĴǰӭһһ̫֬ӴԼǰôãʵ֪Ҳ֪ˣطvͲ̫Ƕһ綼ûС                        
շֻһСҪŰȥ~~~
  ȻҾûӦþ͸&Ԥһ£Сʮ˿϶ûµģǺҪһͷҸ߲ˣڲڴ
  Ϲأۺ~

ڰʮ

̫ɲطvҲ̹ʮ˲Ǹ, һҹڵò, ֳľȻܾǰ޶Բ˵ɫ, һ䶼ûУƾ˭, ĺպǻһ, ±ЩܾܵͲҪˡ
, ̫ҽ, ʲôǵĶ࿴Щ⼸꿵ȥ̸ʱ򲻶࣬Ҳûʮӡʵطvûʱ, ȫѾ˵ˣһ˵˵Ļ̫Ǳɹү˵¡
ڲǸ̫ӼƽЩʱ, طv˿Ĵʰҹ֮, ʵվ±û, ɵȥҲûү˵Ҫġ
ʮ˲Լ׸ܲտ, ²Լžܿõİų̫ҽöƣԼūŻʥݳ, Ҳ뿪Ѱȥ⵱ڿŲǳ
ˣȥɣʲô˵ԭڿǰһһүӾ͸Ŀء⻰˵, طvҲֻȴͷɥĴӴг
ôûϣүϢѾȥƹط|ˣžͷɽ㲻ʲôʮ˻ǺӾ͸²ˡ
ûưɣʵڲȥʰꡣطvﻹŽңϾʮҲˣ˵ôأҲͱȥүùͷˡ
У˵һءҪǻʰͷܳȥҴ͸ˡү˼أ˭˽͵͵˳ȥһʲô˭Ҳ
طv߳˴ʣȫ˲ݵֱߡͷϵģȫ̫Ӻһ·II¸I˽ɹɹŹƷ¶һҹӱػصķÿһֿˡ
ʮ˰¶ʥ̬ȣȫЩԾˡūŵĲҶ˵ʣЩûطvĺô̸ֻܴһЩܻסʮ˰ɡ
룬룬֮£ʮ֮˾šʮųЩģĶãҹﻹûҪ˯ʱ򣬾ˡ
ʮѾŲȥˣūžطvšɩӣǰ˵ܴܵˣܰɩӿźپ¿ɺãȥɱ¸˵Ҫ߶Һþá
ӵõҲǺӼ¶Լز˱֪ЦģɩӲ˵ֲʲôëҩ˾ͺˡȻȥ֮ɩӻǲǵ¶˵
ʮƽʱͦƤҲú壬ǲҩʵʵˡһֱʮ˯ˣְӺ鶼¿ˣųմг
ô찡ſɲԡӵĶˣҲûʱʮһƾͲǵĸðգҪǵˣ㲻Ҫµġ
̫ҽҩ𣬾ٵһ죬ȳҪٲãүȥʰꡣĺĥ˵¶Ų죬۵׾ͼЩɫð׾͸ˡ
ˡҹ˲࣬طvҹɫʹ󷽷֣§Լ°ͿϡŶŤطvȴ˴˿̲иЩ˵ˡ
˵ʲôʮܵܣҲʮ˻ܲ㰡ֱסĦţģ¶ء
⻰ɱʮţɩǧãǳȥġĻ˵طvǶЦˣϵԴɴøԶߵô˵үүתȥˡ˷޶²Ҫ
ͦãڶ翴յͨ죬˼ĵʮˣطv˵ʲôסˡ°οǱߴ˿ͳѻԼѰֵ̫Ӻݺѵһ٣м˵ö̫ΪӴ׵Ρ
⻰˶Ǹ֣طvֻûĶ˰ءʮˣʲô¶ܣȥһ˻ʰǶ
鱾֣ɵ߬øء֪ԼȰ⼸ԼǾҲӦˡ˵ǵÿʲôʱϵ̫ӣԼⱲӲǰ׻ôЩ꣬ǻƷʱǸɵӡ
ģܿͻطvֱӣֻĬĿһֱ߶ûˣ˶Զˣ̲ס
үүǧסٵȵȡطvûǰߣͱȫסˡҪ֮ǰܻЩȣүʲô⣬ūŵ֪ܲء
̫ҪԣҪѵ˼ʮĴүҲôסүͷ϶̫ӵȴûõġ
ѵ̫ӶֵܲʲȵĿʹȫ֪ʮ˰³ˡˡȻˡǱˣ񴾿Ҫ죬ôܵźá
ϴүˣǸϽÿĺáطv˿ôýȥȰ˵ʰµ̫߳ӵĿͣǲ̫ӣʮ˻ûء¿̫ӣôͲ˳ȥҸõĶƴ̫ܲǶӣʮҲʯͷĳİɡ
үȫû֣Ⱳڿǰźһӣ˵ǵĻЩӰ˭ȫųģطvҪȥٲ̡ɵȥء
үҪط|ȥүҲòżˡ˭̯ԼͷϾһ¡ȫʹôסطvطvõ㾢Ͱ˸ƿ
˴ʣӽԼӣ֪Ϊʲôѵõķıʣ̧ͷطv˵ȥɣ޴̫ҽ𡣡
ʰʥ̫ҽҽ߳ʵڲóƵĴضȺӳﲻԶӴ˽һˣҸôųļ̫ҽһǿƵģǰרүӿͷۻëʮ˲ˣֻ̫ƽӣá
Ź±ߵĶӣ֪ڸʲô𡣡ʱһ˵ʱҲĥЩӱԼøһб£ԵǺ»ǻ¡ô˵ԼҪطv֪ǸԼװɵҪԼء
֪طvʵ˸ͷż˵ֳֳŵܵܲ˲ܣʰĻ𢣬С¶Ӳͷ꣬ȥ˱ǡ
⻰˵ôԹͣڿǴ̶ԼߵһҲǲѣô̫ӣ֪ҲҰѻ˵һʮ˵¶˳ƣǺӳŵùȥȻҲˡǳŲȥǱԹ˭
طv⼸躹ò˿ԵʱȻټˡ˵ϣɴߵԼӸǰٸһᣬڳȥܵܣոյĻ޾͵û
ʰˡӰ첻طvֻԼжҪˣǿסûˣöʮûǵֳģˡ
⻰˵úݣֱʮ꣬Ķ̫ˡֵܶӣӻ飬Լ߻ʣ˭ء⿵ӲԼɽԼӸԼˣˡ
ˣӹţΣȥʮ壬Ϊӡ˵⻰ʱһ۲Ŀطvְֺڣܰӳ׷ˡ
꣬ӲТƾʰ괦áҴ£Ӧ˶ӡطvֱֶ£ΪʲôôûˡԼذ˽סʮ˵
û뵽ҧ²ţȫ򣬴ҸūȥȺӳ򡣡ӵľ񲻹ӣҽ߰¶д𣬿롣
ȫطvͷĵðֱ죬໰˵ϽطvүֻҪ˻˭ٶ˵һ䣬Ͳˡ
鵽һƾ˭벻ġЩ괾˵ʥ裬үҲû֡Ϊʮ˵£˵һߣ׾ֻ˸طvıӾ˭˶ипһʵ顣
طvǵֻʣ£ſڿǰӡ˵ʮӲ࣬һ¾ȫˡطvڴ߱ϵͷӵʱҧԼӣûһۡ
ȴȫ˰ϣӲһ䣬ȥȺҴ˳ûȫ޲ð춼ϡϽģͻȥ
үүϾһԵţˣϽū˼̧̧·Ͼ˵顣ñ𼱣̫ҽϾ͵ɾֻеˡ
ڿǰİӣȫˣҲܵġطvСûԹķ˵ҪҲšĸģû£ⲻ˻ʲô
֪طvȥǶֲźãҲû뵽ᵽز̧ſڴϲͷԼ˰ɣû£үүء
ƤһѪɫûУǿֿ쳯Цֻûٶ¡ɿˣôáЩźý˶˵ʹ۵ö
˴Ҫ򣬿˭֪߱ʥǰ˻ʧˣүò̫ҽ˭˵áүɥû̫ҽô᲻ʲô¡߲ȵһ£ˡ
үȥһˣ˵ү˵ģú̫ҽһˣʲô¶үšҪǲүɾˡ
үطvʲô󶯾ԽԽԼܴܵСҪǿȢĸҲ̫ҽ벻˰
˵㻰޲ðүš漴¿ͷܡ
̫ҽרεǿƣ˿طvﺦ£ӺŪԼԵ׻űˡطv˲أҲЩĺӣ̫ҽ˲ٺҩ⼸϶ᷢȣҪտš
طvû뿪ߣߵĶҲûطvͿҩʱͻ˯ȥˣһ˯˯ҹ˿ʼ˲ѡˮڸɡ
ЩżطvſŲúȣǰͷ˳Щٶǰһһι
ʮǱôˡطvôȲãھͰˮˣҲܳ˿۵졣
İɣһţôһûôۡʮǶҩȫˡط|Ͳʲôë˼ȺӴû̫ҽôƣһҩ˵֤ͺá
ǾСطvסʮ˰Լѵܴܵûȥ˵ô룬ԼȵɡΪˡΪҵ¡
Ϊطv֮󣬿̫߳ӣʲôĻ˵ˣЩ鿴Ϸ̨ϳϷĲ࣬Цѡү°úãôҶ㡣                        
շҺţbi

ڰʮ

˴˾ʧʥ裬һҹ֮ԭһ쵽ûеĴǰ, ſȸˡʵ, طvԼĸԸȥģҲҵú, ԼһҲá
ֻطv۰ǰ⣬˵ô򲻵õط|еͷ, ˵ţ, үǰˡطvط|ǰͦ, ҪСܳᡣ
ϾطvСʱǲܳ, ִŸëĶϽӣԹĿܹİ, ֻط|ȴͬЩСý, ⼸ҪûԼ, ָɸʲôħ
û, , ҡӻС֪ʲô, ȴΪʲôطvڴϣ˵ƽʱ˲ƣܻסʮˡ
۲۰طvΪʲôط|֪֮ǰСѾ͵͵ſ޹һˣΪľǵʱĨᡣû뵽⻹û˵̲סˡ
, Ҫ޳ȥްүطvҪ죬ͰˡŵСᵽۿôĿԼֳ
˰ʮ˹㻹ˣôôǸĵòУϽ߽ˡط|Ǹˡ
ɩӣû¶ط|ŵϽˣʮүô°ɩӿˡ˵˵ɩӣʮ˴Сһ𳤴˽ô
鿴ط|ͷվŲ˵һ㶼ǰģֿڴϸżطvɴط|쵽ǰʮˣɩ˵ǲˡ
֮ͰӲ֦ط|Ǳˡרˣ˭ΪΪʮˣ͸ϽĻԼ⼸û֦
ûУûʲôġСٴһѴһ۾ܿط|ҿ飬黹ʲô׵ġ
ɩӻ˵ʵǲǣСϣʲôٶ֪˵ɩƭ˶ֲ塣˵ɩǲô£֤òá
ɩƭңҶʮ˵ˣҸ簤Ϊңǲô¡ط|һ˵¾ίʰôܲøԼҴأ벻Ϊʲô
ɩӲƭ㣬ô¡̾˿ʮ߸ط|һʮߵĸǸˣʮҲķʵʲôǡʮ˵ֻʮ˴꣬ͱ˼ˡȻʮ߸˵ģһζҲûãкӶ롣
ǣ㲻ΪѹСӵԴӦõģֵܣֻС㻤˭ʮ˲þʲôԣѹΣҪǰһˡ
ǣǵܸܵô롣ʮû뵽Լɩô˵ʮ˵һ㶼һʮ߸Լ˵ʱĽҲּʣʮ߿߸ΪԼ˾λɩûв˶ѵá
İôʮ˰磬ǰʮ˰ھ͵ûôֻҪã͸Ÿˡ鿴ط|֣µ˵һҪĹȥˣ㶼úõģ㲻ʲô
ģط|ܸоЩūŶԼǰЩһںЩЩūţҲԼͷֻԼҸôġ
ɩ˵Ļмٰ鲻̸ڸСǰλأĵʮ˻š
ط|ˡʮ뻹鹰ְһݣɩɩЪţط|ٹҸ硣˵תȥˡŰСֱͦıӰ֪⻰ȥˡ
㵹ǻˣʮСǲǱһһ㶵ġʮ֮Ƶͷͼطvڴ۰Ͱ͵Լ͸һ磬Ȼ˵ʲôں߶ˡ
ΪһˡûſµĶúܣƽʱһĨ͵죬ôʮǶˣط|ǸӣŸܸ
Һϱ쾭壬һСүôءطvſڴϣԴͷ˵ġÿ컻ҩĻطvۣôºۺˡ
Ӳɣ㶼úõģôʮ˾ûģС㡣طv켸û¹ϵѾʼտˡط|ĲԸſżˣҧмĵضָˡ
ţūţѻСӲ찡ǽףطvʱżŶðۡҪԼܵܳó
Ҷ׶Ȼô躢Ӿô躢ӣܸ𡣡ʹˣʮ˲ף˳躢ӻǳ躢ӣǰԼݡ
аɣ˵ʲôøƽϣ֪ﻹǶЩþ˵ѣ˵ԼͻȻӿ˱ӸҪ˵ͷһ㲻һûУҲǼٵġ
ֻǵ٣Ǹǰ˸ҪϻרŴ˶ߵʱССĵȰԼǧҪ뿪
ʱ鿴ϣͻȻŵȷʲô¡ǶĸӰ¶طvʲôǰ˴ҲǸӲӣǿ
ǣүǿˣۼҾĴ󡣡ҩطv˲ȫҩζҪԼһɡӴСѾһʰţүļƣϽͰ˶ȥˡ
˻ʵ
ʵʲôã
鰲õط|֪Լͨ˻ģ֮ٳʱž͸֮ǰʮ˰һģ
ÿȥطvǶѵ䣬ڿǰϱ˶ôôطK˽¸ү˵С治ߵˣ̸Ҳûᵹ
˵вУʲô߾͵ˡطϾţطvԼİֵܣЩ겻һ㣬ĵĶأ˵׼ʲô¶˵̻ȥ¶ʲôİ
ˣΪʮأ⻰õ˵𡣡ϾЩһֱûطKҲطvá˵ҪطvԼһѣԼ˵׼ϰƨɺϹ졣
ʱ¶ǾĥΪڶҪ̻ȥطvˣ˱˯ˡȵҹʱ򣬻Ű˸
ô¡طvʵõòˣǼܲס鲻ܣ⼸˯Ķò֪ˡ
ӣǱˡҲԵأҪӸǰױͻȻûӦ⣿
ʲô⣬Ͻѣүȥơ˵հ˴˾˻ûӶ㰡طvסҪ飬ȥƣţ˰ʮ˴࿴ŵ
طv彣ūŸϵͦԶͱסˡһߵĻֵܣô°
ôˣ˺ˣϵķ󣬵ٴϽȥһŤͷظˣ߻֪ʲôһүӳߣǨŭô졣
㵱èӰ˻ӡطv󱳵϶ѾˣʱҲˣҲˣû˵Ҫ㡣ʳ¶¶棬պץСҲǸ
˵ˣŰɡү´طvȷûʲôԣҲͲ˵ʲô¶Լãûʲô¶סˡ
߱ûʲôû߾ʹŭɶǸԶ˵㣬˵ʲôҲ塣ߵĻŶʵڴߣطvֻиӾȻֻܹںЩطK첻ߵİطvй˵л߸磬Ҫ˵Ҳǰ߷ĸ綥¡
㻰࣬ķͷģүͨ󲻹ŲǡطKһֱӲ֣һֱڱӾϴطKЩطvҲûȥ
һȺСŸ費ӣզࡣǻԼôͻҪǲܣʵʵߴŰɣҪҲֲԼ
̫߳ӣֻʮʮʥ԰ݣʲô¶˭֪үҲû˵̫ãȫǳˡ˳ˣ߻ʥּ
ҲãʡĴһѾȶľˡ˺ŪԼʥּ֮󣬾Ҳȥˡ˭֪̫⼸̫Ӳһ֮ңµͷ侲ү̲ס﷢ַ
ȫʥּʱͷֱ֮ûȹǰߵүүʣ߱˳̫ӱѾ˳߸űѺŵģһƵʮ
̫һȻĿԼĵܵǣûûģЦˡЩôܵܣ˼û˼ĶֻԼû̫ӵͷΣҲ֪һֵ˭
طv˴Լ߹һʱȶˣϾŰҲôģԼѹŵʱ򲻾ã̫Ӳžú£˵ʲôȨ󣬵ͷǻʰһ仰¶
ǣ߸˵ʲôطKҲˣطv˵ʲôһ䶼ûȥֻǴӵʱ򣬻Լ߸һѡֵվ㿴ҿ㣬һǱģүĸڰ֣˲һԵĶɢˡ
ԭΪس̾ԼһҵùЩ¿ɺãԭ̫ӵĳܣܶľ̫ʲô˭ҲƲÿһͣʱûС
ʮҲسһ·˭ҲԼҵĳôطvôȫ֪ˡطvȴ񲻴Ծһ·ûʲô¶Ҳһ໰ûУŵĵý
ؾһ·˭ĵһ·లµ˾ǣүƼӭЩ緢ֱ֪ϴҪӡ̫ӣҪԼһ뷨ûҲܣϴ¶ϣ
үðûֱ֮󣬻ûֱڣǵô೼ӵ棬ֱһ٣ֱͷ̧֪Ϊʲô
һػؾĸӶûٽȥʮֱӱѺ͵еûأүȥ㣬סˡطvҵʱżڶϵš
ʹؾˣ˵֮󣬵һ¾ùܼҹ˸ţÿղ˭ȥҲǰᵽԺͷס˺Щ죬ֱطvŰԺ
طvױûسһֱž»ʰԼӣһ·û˯һ̤ʵˣйû˵䣬ͻȥˡ
ЩΪˣ°öԡ˵¶û˵ʲôֻһаģĶԡ²٣Ժţʲô£Ƕ࿴Щ
طv״̬ԣԼЩ٣ҲԼһˡ                        
շҲһ£ʮȻʵûбȦʮꡣôȦôܻܵȻ̫ڱˣڱУҲ˵ҲǼ°ɡ

ڰʮ

үءʥݻ˾֮, Ǹͣ, ԶֵľųǣЩ¶͸ŹС, ɽ¥ＸͶ׷˴٣˵ʲô, ٸ鷳
ںЪأôпչǰֵͦ, ͷһ, 꺢, ԼҶ취±켮˳³ҵ, С뱲ӵ˰
ⲻҪˣɻûƹ˱ءʵ˹ǰ, ͲЩ, ˲, ˸ͷơ
Ӵ, ƽҴȥңһҵ۳´ƹ, Ȼôǽ˲ᣬӸϽģүһò
֪Ϊʲôطv߰ˣͻȻѸſҶʽɱӸ֮, һֱŽûһ㶯ͻȻƣɲͰ˸ˡ
ôԸҲСģҲѵġרȥ˽Ƭ׶Ų٩ԼǰûʲôͦˡǺңū˲ǡ
ūԭҲ밲ɼ⼸˷磬Ҹ˼ŵÿճϻ̥˴ĹŮŮɣҲһֱãͷҪһأ⼸˵ױϹסˣ˵ǱŮǣסˡ
죬ǾԼūţɢˣԳƱ˵飬ԼҶ綼һֻ۱һֻֻۣҪǴȥˡ
㻹˵˱硣ʱջطvͷԸȥû߱˽»ȥˡҪ˱϶Ҳ
˭ôһ硣һ⻰һ£˵߲ȵͣ˵һ㶼ûʱ⸮żǼ¶ûһɣ߱ӸǾʽˡŵʱŷǰרӵ𶼿յģﻹ治ζ
˭¡ڹ¶٣ȥָյ˸ӣسطvûܡֻ֮ûҵǻѾ˽ţڸſڵ˵Ⱦûȵֵ֮˺ü죬һֱȲطvţŹġ
СӰǿ졣ʵȥȷҲ⼸ˣЩһֱطvźţػ֮ҲڸûȥſˣЩпù˵ģҲѰ˹ϵġôطvõ˳׽ģ⼸˶
ǿ죬ÿȥҲ졣רһѹϧүû˼˵¶¶ǶȫӸˡϸϸѳ˹ֺˣүһȷŰɣͰ˸ˡ
أôУ˵˸Ҳûߵ¶ǶطvˣԼ⻹ǰǰ˳ɾ˵ˡ
ģūſţһ˵ϹıһһģʵЩҲû˵Ҫһţطv֣߱Ҳ˾Ļӣû˸ǡ
˵°ӣֻҪûǰڣ¶һ죬͹׺һġ˱ƣҪвԵĵضѾкһū
˵¶ڣ׿ŸһжãϽˡ˱Ӹ׻ԹԸпһͱںͬڵܴˡôųүˣ
ԼȥƨɶûȾͳˣ߿ɴͦáţԽԽζܾóС߿϶лүģôû
ܵǳˣȵԼ˼֮ܲ׵Գǵж಻ס˽Ȼǽ£ҲոԼӱӸƼ׵ɲ͵ˡ
ûУͰ˲͵ǰߣ˿ܵС͸طvЩܶһ浫ܻЩطvɸүү·ߵòס
طvӣҲԼǵСƲñ˱ԼӸ׽аɣҵضȵȥȻûүǾʱһ
𣬱ȥˡﻹǹŸպõĹŮϱ߸͹зȥǶ¡ǰӲżҵˣҲҪؼˣ´һסûŵͷӦ¡
߳ףǰضԺôţҷҪ緹˰Դӻ˾֮طvйһ㣬˶ˡǰǲ֪ôͲˣһϾͷȿԵ˶һȦ
ˣ֮ǰʱطvǿӦһòװ˺Ūˣףôˡ
ˣ˱ġⲻ𣬻˼зǿ̳Ӿƣзڵ˳зʱ򣬶˵зСĶһڣЩƾƾţҲĶȥ
ţ㿴ŰɡطvҲ֪ԼԾϾ˺üԼԼˣԼֹӣطvźЦ
֪Ҳûã᲻𾢶ʱҹ˯ˣԼ˯ž롣ʲô룬¶빬¶Ժô죬Ҳ뵱Щ£Сʱڹ¶һһ
Խ࣬ԽãȻԼӽ鷿һ𣬾һֱîžǰϣû׵ʱȫôڻʰǰ¶ø
֮ôܽͺӲίӪӪô꣬ıĶͻȻɢ˴룬ȻͲ֪ЩľӪΪʲôָôԴ
鿴ӣȰ֪Ķ֣ԼҲӲȥҹΪԼ˯ˣʵǱҪ˺Լܰ˯һ
ڵ˰з˰ѺӶˣ¶ЩתնзʵúãȱǹҲˡ
үรĴ⼸үǱ½ֵ˼磬ɸҲԼһôһ磬ߵýﺢȻҲ浽һȥˡ
еǣʱѾ߸͹ȥǡȻС䳤øߣαͬŸÿЩʱӰǴˡ˱飬˭
СԼĽʣﱾýҲû˭Ұ˰ͷȥ굽˰½ǰߵýļСͻụԼȥ棬ֵˡ
󲻹ǼãնģŮ׼ˡǶˣǻݹŵĴ׼ҵҲ긮£Щ˿϶˵ġҲãԼҽЩ
ҷģĵľ㡣⻰û˵ǲڸ𣬳Ҳһľų߬ű仹ذ׵ĸҲһˣʲôòĵġ
նЦҰЩ˾Ǻÿ֣ŮׯЩǵ˵ŮŮЩҲ˵ŮûġͲ˵ϳɵúܣһʮʱŮһĹ㶥ˣŮŲΪһĹίԼء
ôǲ˭˵ʲôˣطvһֱ˵Ҳûֱô˵ŷľƱְŮеԼ¡
ûǿԼҰգգۣ꣬ǲˡǲû˯ð۵ڣȥɲɡǶˣ֪طvΪʲôȴֲʲôóġ
ԼҰܵǶڣӲЩûӰ¶ԼѧĽгˡԼ¶ҲԼ˵ˣþȷţøȥȵʱȻ˳ˡ
𡣡ԼҹŮô˵طvʶԼա֪ϺǶҪطvרϴ˸裬ְūŽйźͷ˺ӡΪУû뵽ںȴ㶼ûȥ
ˣʵն֪ԼҰ͸նףʲôն˵طvǵĻŷͺĵǣҲ֪Լ˶ãָŲ˶á
Ƿģû¶طvͷ˼Ц⡣ɿˣӲŸθںϻкЩзҲܿͱˡ
ʱΪˡ˺ӣطvū˺ƣŪ˼˰ԺԺҡϣƺ˴Щ΢ˣͻȻŤͷô˵
һΪҪ˵ءŸһţⶼڵԼԵò࣬붼طv¾Ʋ˳ˡõۣýзз塣
طv⻰ЦЦȻŷ¾ƱԽмС˵ĻͦζүԼԼϾϹǰɡ
Ϊأ˵ƣҪҲΪѡͷչҲյøԼطv̫ˣþʱԼ˵һ㶼ûЩʲôûɣˡ
ߣҲүЩͨ˱㿴ʲôͨ͸ˣǰ˶ôôÿû鷴⻰ûģ˶ʣµĻҲ»ȥˡ                        
շСʺôͻȻˣҲǷԼ˺ܾõĶԼҰ꿴ԭһ仰ĨɱģЩţǼ˰ɡ
  ʵ첻֪쵽׺òãϧǰҪͨ˾ͺˡ

ھʮ

ͨ˱¶طv˯˸þȻҲпں, ۵ġô, ڶ˶ˣʱȻǵ硣
֦ūǽź, ֦ŴһҶ̲סҡͷүǵʱ, ô˻ڣ湻źġ
⻰Ҳڶһ, Ҫ˵طv
ٹҪ, ϵĽ׼ôˡһ, ˼ܹܸ¶ˡҪ˵ӱˣǰæʱ¶, Ҳ٣˿벻ܶѡ
ӵĻ, ׼ȫˡһ·ȥŻص, ξί, ںòƽ, ôܻЩ¡
긮¹ڵķ̧һ̧òװɡٲȻ˸ܼ, طvߵ¶źԼֵף±ūž͵øꡣ
ūлˡûԭǹɺҲЦʱ򣬻Щزס˵ʲôūź쾭¶
, ү˵ûˣȥɡ벻ǻˣЩû˵طvˡأô극Ͳˡ
үůͷˣ˺ЩūҲûסˣûһֱţůͦãҲ֪ʲô
УүȥƣˡůҪ԰üڻ԰;գʫᡣǾǸģдʫУ̽ŹһԿš
ԶԶԼҰһߴ԰ӱϽˡֶŮǶߵģطvҲ٣ųżҲûȥԶԶذڰ־кǸøȥ
ӶһֱطvԶ˲ǣĶȥͦõġүϵı飬궼ʮˣʲͻ֮䷢¶綼ܶˡ
֮ǰϻеǰȥϸϸˣһ帮Ƽʲô¶ţȻ˵Դӻ˾֮ϲֹһţʲôҪֵĵضδζ˵ʲôáţôػصķ
֪ůͷȥɡʱ򴩹԰ӻܸȥԺûˣˣ˵ֵ
İҸʱȹȥ£ƹ͵žﶼˣ˼һ˵ǾүϵĴСͲúܡүСǸӣԴ´ġ
ɣ϶ͬ⡣Щûʱ˶նǴŴţӦӦֵģ˻ڸҷ˸ǰԼЩû޵ĸǣͲǰҡŲء鵽үϽ̳ģ˵Ҳһһ۵ģ±ЩҲһ졣
Ҫ˵ȥҲЩɫʱ壬ֵ壬겻ҼҶҪšǵİòڴϣСɾµذףѵãʮŪģɹŻþ
һĶþ֪ҪүϵĶոһƾΣ㣬ɱ𵽴԰вΪҰ㱸ǰذף֪Թٻˡ⻹԰ڣ»رƼ嵹᲻㣬ʱùҰꡣ
˵ŮףҲһ˵¶ոкīʫ¾ȫ׵Ժֻ˵ȥˡҲ֪˭˵ʲôСﶼЦһţ㶼ȥǱַˡ
˭ôˡ˵ʱոۼͻȻƼ˭һ߹ˡмѾӣҲūŰ帮٣ھǶǳģ˭֪øôһ˹ôͻȻ
ǽ㣬㸮ˣ⻰ʵʣʱ˭鷳˵Ǿүϵ񣬾үЩһ˲ٺӣȫǹŮվһſ׳ۡ
ǡŤͷʱѾߵͦˣǺԺǱߵģҲûƼ֪ôˡԺи¼ǰǾ֪ˡʱԼСϵԼԼ˵٣ڶūţ֪Ժиˣ˵ӲãһֱûüˣǴεٴžǷˡ
߹Ȼϣ⼸ںԺòüû׼õʱҲܳߡƽʱԺʱ򲻶࣬԰ʱҲ࣬ʹûϹ֪ôôɣײ˸á
Ȼ֪źĸôţҲøӣۿ˵˸ǰʵ˸Ҳ֪ôƺߺŴȥˡ
û뵽ƼǣӵūǸ˵ò࣬ÿһҲǴ񶼺ãáɵôãҪƼ˲ġЩɺð
ϾòˣЩǶˣòí˾죬òãȴûһͻˡ
⻰˵ЦˣвõĵطǱʵ񣬺ڽžͷӦˡ˵Щ֣±㲻Ըˡ
ãǾͺãūžͲŸˡʱ˼ϸ壬ôῴǵɫҲ뿴ǣʲô˵ʲô
ϲԺһŮ죬˭Ҹû檣֮󼸸СĶûȥøʲôʲô鵹Ǽ£Ҳ¶ţûʲô
ǣ֮ʫϵţͻȻߵͻȻҪ˵һ鶼ûУСǲŵģǵʲôЩò׼
üĿЩƣǸƯ˶ֻǰڣֻҪ϶Ǹ˶䲡ЩüĿ黹ڵġȴ޵ģϵü͸ŹӢէһöһûǴ롣
ûֳʲô󶯾źֻ˸ͷ߳ͱůͷȥ
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ôҹģҶ㵽ˡطvζͦУŲ̫Ļ˶̼һ̻ҶвãǸޢŲڶԺǱء
ү㲻ɰ˾ûлȥĵطvӹ÷ݵֱߵӣס˿ڱǲŴյǰⶼʲôצӶɫˡ
طv쳤ӿ֣ʵ̲ס²ۣһûûֻ󼸸һţЦᶼҪˡ᲻˵˭צأƹôÿצ𣬲˵ȥ
ðһطvǰطvֻûôˤȥǿŹطvҲһʱ죬ӦЦĸⲻˡ
Ҫ˵˻˾أһû˵ôŽԼĴ⻰û˵ڣֻҪһطvʲô˼
úúãү˵ˣÿء˺þò£һ컹Щʳ֪ζҪطvڶΪ¸ˡ̵Ķޣÿ
үˣͦÿĶòôˡֱе¹ܹ꣬ǰܹ꣬黹һеͷۡϽס˵˵ȥ󼸸Ҫˡ
үˣǹ󼸸ﶼͷûƼõɫĵɫͿָ׵Ϳָס˵̭طvֱλүôǹĻӣ治òÿء
طvڣʱʱĻҪ죬䷳ɲò˵üλ˵ڵϣ˵ĸһɫȷ͸ʻƯˡ
Ƽû㻹˼үүҲǲϧáû˵꣬طvСβͻûɹ죬ߵ־͹ˡæְѻ԰¶һ˵طvĲ
ˣٹ͵Ҫ˵˼ҵʱطvĥǲҪϵķλ̧һ̧ʱ˵˼ҲЩϳʲôӡ뺶ˣǾ͸ûϵˡôĸ˵öԺӾǸ׸
ʲô㼱ʲôϽö˶ȥû˵ʲôҲûʲôû£һˣ
үүû˭ƼүˣôһطvҲعǲ㼱ꡣûֳ¶
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¶ôȥˣȥǱһˣ¸˵ǲ£ӾͲᵱ¡ûϺˣٳһĸŮϵϷ롣Ҳ˵ЩϷķӣĸŮϣĶš
˵꣬ҪΪʲôҪ뺣ô˵˵׶Ҫˤ㣬ʵû취ŸġҪ֪ˣ̡
УͰ˵İ졣طvԴҲֻͷӦˡ˵ӹã治үС                        
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ھʮһ

ΪרȥԺǲڰ¶һһʮ˵ˡҺүһ, , ٰѺԺǱ߿ЩӦû, Ǳǵ˵ĻȲ˵ˡ
˵ﻰӴܹҪ֪, ֪˵׼֪ˡϿŻר˵飬ԾЦ, ˡūŴ˵һ, Ļ̫, ԺҲ͡
ҪǷǻµʱ, ˵Ҳطvһסǲ, Ӵϻ, ЩԼĶ, ǵ갢Լġ
ԼǸбµ, ҲûôõҲʹǲһ, үĴ˾Ļ⼸Խģ֪ʶ֪⺢Լú, ֪˵¶ҲһܺúԴ
̬ùȻòǲŶ󰡻ҪٹٴЩǲ֪ؾͲ֪ˣ֪ˣӦҲǿû뵽ô󣬿Щ긮ʲô۶ӶûУ˶ɵˡ
˵ȥ۸˹ȥء⻰˵˭ﶼ⼸պЩұô˰ɡ˵ˣȻûвͬġطvˣ˵ʲôء
ûãǾͻˡôɢñҪ簡ϿŮûĸˡԼⱲӹòòȲѰ˼ҶޣȴҲùڸŴԺᰮ߻иǣѾĶˡӣ˵˶ٴΣôţƼҪ߶㡣
ˣŮȻȥˡǻװģļٰׯԺǿɾûˡڻ԰ԺǸˣôƺ
ôˣûʲôӰɡȻӾҪţȻ̨ŮôҲֻ򶨵ļװһ䡣
û£˵仰ŸմʮǶذףôƺ֪ЩΡһ»ϣŮͦûġ
ϣԺǸҲϳնûϵϺܾûǰˣԺ̫УԺһֱϢͻȻ˵ֻĸо
ԼֵܹԹ˵ҲûԼ˼Ҫټˡϵ̬Ⱥ޲ԭе˼ҲЪˡԼҰԺˣŮĶҲá
Ů֪ˣЪŰɣŮȥ䳡ɿɿ졣һ쾡дǣϵȭû񫡣䳡ȥֻϿŮıӰλز
ǱϴԲԺطvǲô˳ܾýͦһ죬ͱ¸ˡȵźپǰԺǶһ칦λһŻûü죬ͱطvסﵽ鷿УΡ
꣬پûѧأǸŶȥϹġﻹУطvʵĻܴ߰˰ˡپץϹˣʵʲôף˵Ҫشˡ
ûѧͲ᣿ûѧѧ𡣡Ҫô˵ʹˣ￴ȡֱּ۾ɴˡ⻰˵ʣҪǴ˵ģǵþ˹Ҳġ
ǰ꣬ҲŲ㲻±ѵܻܵ󣬹Ųӵģű͸ŲӿطvɲŰ𣬺ںپǸɵģ꣬پ͸úѧòá
⻰СŴŴ˵طvǹаҲ˴룬ոԼֵľֱپ¡Ӱڰ֣²ֺپǰżˣȸȥǶﱸ˰Եĵġ
ͷͷӿɲ࣬񶼽峣ⱲطvûӸԼ˵ˡԴӳ֮ϰ߸ϴ
տʼطvűŤĶ˵ôĺӣ֪Դ͸˾ɱ˵ãҸİӣֻҪӴһû˵ǱߣںͶͷһ¡
ԼҲһӲίԸ¶˵طvڸǸ˵ģپʲô¶Ըطv˵طvÿθֵһ𶼵ó԰ڣ˺޵ûš
ǲʲô¶˳İӴ鷿ʵʵˡԲ춹һߺһ߸Ϲ
ԼҴӿ˱Ӹ궼ûúʲô¶Ųԣ겻
մ㰢ǶСևNɪǰɣϽĳȥȥ⺢ӱȺЩĻۣǶ飬ϻΣÿϻȭæء
֣ġһԼҶ⻰֪ʲǸʶʱģڰѺ춹ˣһĨˡپϲ磬һˣƻдԲɴҲˣӵСȾ׷ȥˡ
ӶˣطvŻλһűôţԼʹүϢ˰
ûУⲻϾͰСӸûôšطvճ£˹ͷһϣүɹ˵ˣ뵱ڹʰУүʱһİһӣȫүİġÿһʱүŵֱ¡
طvÿһ˵ԼСʱ¶͵ЦͬЩҲطvôãһᵽ £ȥˣ
ȥĲһүӸҲһⱲҲˣүүûپôõһ¶үˡǰʹţҲطvʱƼˣһأҲûǸˡ
⻰طv˵ϸ¾˭ҲԹͲޣڳһʵһȶģ޷ıʵΪ䷳ǣʵȴ᳤þõĴڡ
ͨ˾ͺãֻܱܲʱ˻øԼ𰡡ԼЦôƤ𡣡ͨˣ͸ϽѸ¶ӹȥҿɲźˡûҪˣʱ¶أү׼׼ɡ
˵ûͨһ£µͷ治ͨеġ죬˹ƺ߱Ӹĳһ·ȥǻͷʿǸȥˡûʱһ·طvûɣû¶ʵﻹϾ
ǰȥˣȥ̸ǧ׼ڶǰ˵ҵĲǰطvؾ֮ͷһν֮ǰԭȥ̸밲ȴϢѹסˡ
ӳųôĿô᲻ӣֻطvүۣڸһܵĺá
ģ֤ﱳ˵㻵֪ڹȤԼνиʵ˵ǰʲôһأǳϵӱС˶ѡⶫԲȵģֻҪԼÿûжһ
żӸһ̸ĸĺˡǰȥһֺϸƹ
Щӿˡ˺ӣְ˶ȥһԵĶϱˡһ·Ҫû㣬֪ʲô⾰ء
ط|֮󣬰һ·ϵ¶˵ˡС߹ǿ¶˳ܳ˿ޣ޵þֻûȥꡣ
¶ô£ֻ˵ط|רŰ˵Ļָ˵һ飬ܽ´ʾȻԼȢҲҪҸɩģóû
ԼӶ౦ϱû˱ȳôЩˣ˲ûܣɶԽԽáνʱŲԣһ϶Խ͡СӾȻ˵⻰һ񣬳
˵⻰ͼˣطv¶ܸɿŲܰų䵹ͦڣԼҲԼͦõģִܸɵģܱԼϲҲطv˹ʺˡ
ô˵ЦŰڰ֣Ŀɲб¡˵⻰Ҳижһȥô£Ҷ̫ƽ
ʮһֱеû׼ᣬǱүûôţԼˣҪļҵһֱշţ֪ô
ع칬͸Щ̫һҹ֮˷̫ӣʯ̫͸ܲסع칬Щūˡ˵үȫȥһˣ˲ٷ̫ߵݺݺ࣬ͣ
³˵СȴľЩԼҿϹԼСӣߵ¶һû˵ԼʵһƣǶзһգǧ갡                        
շҲûʲôģ(ţ 3)Ű~

ھʮ

Ӷ˳һп֮±仯Ī⣬ͬʱ, ߵʵҲ, 뿴ôû¶ôˡ
طvһ̤Ǭ幬, ԭ֣ճɶѵȺ, Ͱŵ˵, Ҫ˭Ÿƨ, ¶Ż
ʱ򱻹עҪô߳ŭ, ҪɴЦطvǺߡһ·ǰﻹЩû׶, ɿǱԼСģһЦˡ
忴ûŵģ, Ͻվһ, Ӱ뵲, ŸЩ󳼿ֵĿ⡣ô, չſҵ졣ͷһسţֵﶼû׶, ҪǺ㿤ڹſ̫ۣ廹ܼȥ
⻰˵үžߴһžͲϣûط۵طŤͷŵĿүûӦΪʲô, طvǳϷһɴЦЦ磬Ϊ֮ǰһأǱӸҪõ˼Ҷȥˡ
⻰˵ԩˣǵýɣүĶӣ߱ҲǵūŵĿ۸ġ
طvԼԸ۾ӣһֱʮĶǱգҲԼϾţڱӾϣǲãòöΡǰרūעˣŸǰߵĶˣԼ߲Ƴš
磬߸⻰˵û´οɱ˰ϾطvĻ̲סͣԼүϲǱ߱¹ܺõĴģүӷŭҲǰȥ˰ɡ
Լ߲ǵﲻģŻү˵仰ƽʱϳʱӶûһݣǸġżͷ˯ˣڶٲϳҲû⡣
Ϊ£طǰר˽ʹطK󲻺ڣǵ˳Ժá˵⻰ʱطK߻ụ̂磬òõ˵壬Ҿ;ͦõģԺɸôЩ
ֵ˽¹ûʲô˵ģ˵Ҫø̫ʲôܾܵô̤ʵԼͦõģʵڣЩʵڡ
طKˣϰ˻죬ȫǰ˸˻λԼôôЩԼЩ
˸ģԼĲʵڡ˭ǰߣָ˭˾үȥӹ治ֻ̹Լ
ܣ˵ܱ㡣طаɣֻҪȥôСո߸͸ն˵ˣԶԶŻͦáҲãûʲôһо԰µõذء
⻰ȵѧطʱط|Ƕֱ顣˳Ͱذ׳ȥͳ鷳ˣΪ²֪ԹԼٴΡط뷴û˵־ͦã뺢Ǻã߾ҲĶȥ
ڣ¹Ƕף󳼶ʵʵ޲üβˣǾ仰û˵ãָ߱һʧʥ衣翵е׷ʲô֪˲࣬ү粻Ҳ̫⡣Ͼ̫Ӷ˵Ͼͷϣһ㲻ʲô
׿յЩᣬԭǱɵλӣǴԼһ֮ңԼЩ껨˶Ѫһűߵ壬˶ʹѱɸˡ
񱣳ɸԼ˵ĻĿû˵̫µˣⱲӻ̫µˡʹײᶨû̫ӵĳõײȣԼžڣ±˭ܸݸ
пϵɫͺòĶȥֱЩѾѵþʣһˣûطiڣҲѧ˴ͷһ˶žƺȵ۾ֱ㶡̬ײ°˭˭ȥӲˡ
Ǹţ̫ӵ¶ûϵҲŵùǺڳ԰ֶȥˡүǶͦɾʣôܸɻĶӣˡүͷľ͸˵ˣǶܵû͸ˡ
ָϣǱƣƵĶĶһƬװȵġҪʵܶ˶µˡ˭ò׼ү˭˰
ôӣлһĲ٣곤үǮȨСıհҲ̫Сһ˭ͷѹˣԴɾûˡ
һ˵̫ӷǷˣϿû÷̫ôţ񻹺ö˶ع칬šǻϸ̫Ӹͷƾ˭Ǹ˵´£С˵Ҳ˰¾޼ҵļ£Ǹȥɡ
һȦûһϷǵūţװľƱ᲻صķˡطv±͵͵˼ֻۣүʵЩ˵Ĺ֣ĪϺͿˡ
⻰Ҳ˵طſվƱЩ㶣ϽùƺѾƸϣ仰ְ¸ȥˡֱϯҪɢʱ򣬿ɴԼ죬ͻȻ˵һеûģܽ˼Ǵ峯û̫Ѿˣ̫ӣ˭λӣǶƾһ
⻰лͷֱ죬շ̫ӣҪŪӲаطvվֱӣϺͿûڶֿˡ
ǰЩ£ȫȻ֪ġԹžǸҪӣ͸˵ˡ̫Ӳ󿵽̫ף˽֮󣬱ľͳˡҪϷ̨ӣ˰Ҫ²µƣ֮ôڣҪø£øЩ
Ϸ̨춼ͣǰǺȾƣŮ˷ȻҲֻϷոϯϾһֱ飬ĸ۵Ĺڨ˵ЩĻ
ɩӣû£ϽϷɣ̨ǲϲĵͤ˵ŵģϽƸʲôһŲˣı¾ǰѳ˰ʮϷָģǵϲ
һֱϷûϣ¸ô˻һץ˰ѹྵˣɩСӣ͸ϽϷ
Ҫ˵̾ǲ̣үûԭǰѰүӪ÷ȥʱҲûܳ˸ЩǰҲԡ
ڹǶǱߣƫƫطT⼸ִô޴ŵ͸ûˡò״ŸԼùģ䣬Ͳ
ɩѵóҲɩϷҲ࿴ȥ»ôʲôʱҲ˵׼ѹ־Ļ̬ɡǰϵǸ߰ģ䲻Ⱥʱһ˶ӣҲͦۡ
Ƿ䲻ʵĸ߰·𶼳˼̱Ժūţ̱ЩҲͰˡ߻ôţû˹ĹӣɨɨմȾһ˵ã˵˰ɡ
ҸŰ˵߰ĺƤҼСϷߣҹܶܲǴ˰˭ᰡǰҲô̼ƥﶼСܵˣһĲУþͱ˰ɡ
˭֪úӵ£ǰϰԺȥˣɸûеĻûУⶼˣһ㶯ûСߴӱԼŰү˵ûͣĹ¡
㣡û뵽˵죬ɩ⻰ʲô˼Ҳһοɩô໰Ϊõ˳ϧ鲻
ʲô˼ǧĺòҸǰزһȥﲻ˳Щڣһ᲻㱾£Ļ˵á
˵⻰ʱһûˣ׼Ƕ߿̫ڣ١ǾǸڼҲܹɫжѿ˵żǶ˷˵ǽˬ
ǸޱˣȻܿͽ˻ǲǾ͸ϽȥЪţⶼ°ˣȻȥʧ
ĻѹùǺҲ⼸طTһֱ񸮣˵ҲǴ⡣ˮ˭֪ģ⼸طT£߹ϵ鴦ҪӣûطK񸮾⡣
⼸겻û˽ڸո˵ᣬܾòֹ˵ϣǰϰҲӴȥˡ                        
շȻѾҹˣҾûӦĶ
  Ҫһ죬ΪҪȥгһȥصС
  Ϲأۺ~䣡

ھʮ

߸Ͱ˸˸߸, ϯϢܿʹǬ幬, طvһˣ׷, ֱطָסˡʲôʱ¶ǲ, Ȼ
̫ӺʮûطvӲԸ, ϱ˭ûµĶطv, үӸհҪƾ̫ӵĻ˵, ϯ̫ˡ
ʲôȣˡֲԼ˴治¶, ԼҲǻλûϵⲻǲ׼, ӻˡطv󾢶, طҲס, ŤͷүųȰ, û뵽ǰĴŮҹˡ
ŮյطvԶＸ䣬طһûסطvȥ̸, ˺ôҲ˵ùȥѰӿɲ쾭¶ֲ˲졣
طTһҲЩס²طvżҲջǵļ߿ɻûطôĵֵ, ܸݾ仰͸̨סҲ˹ϧǸСģɹŮǬ幬ֱҪ
ϢԼҸ˸ˣطTм١ԼʲôԼҪ˵˶ˣǾеˣЩûӵˡ
ֵ׼䣬֪֪Ķһ˾سԿԵԩʱ߸ʮСԼ˲˵߱Ͼֳеðɩ˵˵ȥ
ϧƾϰôҲ˵һΡϰ⼸˶ӣ׬˶Ȼ͵õˡ
طµķ񸮰ŹһӦӦԼҶǶϰ˲ҵ±ЩСǣǲóӹôϰڼҶǱһ굽ͷҪٸĹ˳ǣЩطϰͷˡ
˵ϰҲ᲻ߣʰػϰıʲôﶼ漸վƾ̫ӵģϰ˵ˣʱΪ˸ϯû
طȻҲϾŲ֡طKǼ˵仰˸Χ˵߸һתߣôһţ˵˶ûСֻ룬ͱԼ׸˺üۣطKǸģȻ׸粻ñʵƱˡ
±ЩӵСϱ߿һԭƶﵽôģû뵽ſ˳֣ȫȥô¡
þûߣէһ˵㣬̫ӵ¶ǶʲôѵҲ͹ˣҲûΪѶӣֻϯʲô¡
Ҫ˵֮أǻʵҲӲԵջȫϢͨС̫±ˡһԭίȫ˵ˣطvǶôǻ߰嶼˵˸ס
߰~˲ɵֱҡͷ˵úЩ飬˵ЩڿѶϣǣ࣬ûдϢڷĸпֻȫһˣҪȻ²Ϊطvֵõù
طvûЩѾߣþʣˣҪûĻᣬľʣ˭˭ȥɡųǰĴŮǬ幬˲Ÿ¶˵ס
ȻûԿǾУطvƫĵúܣֻҪûԿϰ˼λûб͸Լûϵˡүȥ̸ƶȥ𡣡
үԸˣϽȥʹ񶼸ŸȥˣӦϷأ˵ȹЩÿٽҲ١ÿӹʲôʱܼͲһεˡ
ǳô˵ˣطvҲͲٵϽߡŮطvԶˣŻ˳ǰ治⣬ߵʱ򻹲кǣ˵Ǻûڿɫݵ±ֻûĹϣ黹ͦá
߳߸˿Ϸе˳ſĥһ̵ȥӡ
߸°ϯûԱǰɡطvƿʱ򣬿ƨûеģķҪƾ˵ٺãҲί
ôôͳˣһΪٵһء֮ûϻظϾﻹи˲ܰ°ɡһᴫǬ幬Ǳȥģ֪϶ǰֻû뵽ô졣
ô찡үٲ¾ʹаˡոյԼﻹǰ˸߸ˣոճŵʱĺҲطvרŹô¡ǶѾչɰ˸߸ˣ˵̧ȥģطvĿࡣ
û뵽һطvЦȣֱ³ⶼʲôʲô͹С廹ңʲôءȻӲãͦ˵ģҪүҲһһôЩꡣǲǶǸ˵Ĵҷˡ
ˣͱ˰һ·ߣطv§ϸϸʣȷûԿû㰲ġ¶˵׻ԼͷǷǰϱزˡ
ʲôأ¸ûϵô˵ϽĻˣҾ֪ô룬Ϊô沣Ůˣദǰһ˭һƷ˭ƷͿ϶˭ѹ˭һͷô򵥵¶
⻰Ϲ˵ǻӸҪ˵λһǰ𣿵ҲСôҪȴֲá˭Ҷ߬ŸλҫЩ궼ǱαѣɷȺӡ
˵Ůһ̨ϷôһʱȵĶȥˣʼϷ԰װġǰҲô̴ˣֻʱҲһ졣֪ûӣ˭´̼ء
²һˣҪȻҲܷҪһֻǰɣ۹÷ģӶȱۺҲĿͱӰɣˡ
ɽһԼԼһˣԼܵطvӣ˾ԼҶ˾λ̧ͷҾǸãû뵽ôˣҿûԿ
ٵ˱˻ԡطv֪ôģϰǱ߻֪ʲôˣʰǬ幬ƾ̫ӵ¶߾ʹ˸㶼˵峯ݵ¹Ļʺ𡣡
¹ϰջǻ׹ݣĹ¶ǵţʧĿźáͬ顣Լù˻ͦõģǵ˾ôôãǲУù˾͵úˮŲŸˡ
طv˵ľ仰Ҳֻ̾ˣҪôأҲܹҸƳȥԼûԿɡҪ˵ôŶЩ⻷أĪԽ꣬治ġ
²Ÿչһҹ;ӲҪ˵ܷҲûţӣүȥһ̫ҽԺ
ôˣĶԴӻطvÿָֻϹأҪȥԺһȭٽں﹦ʵ̫ܲܲԶˡⲻմȭҪ̫ҽΪʲôˡ
֪̫ҽ˾ˡǰҲйоϸû£طv£㲻ҪһŮпȥǰ㣬ܲŮ
ǰһ˶ûطvû˵ͷӦˣˣô˵оˣ⻹ͦͻȻطv˵ֱ֣Դ˺پ֮ûϿɺӾûй˵綼úõģطvܾٶһԼҲ
Լϰ˲һһ磬϶ǰⶼûеġ⼸ûӲУԼˡ˶Ҫúܣطvϲ˵ﻹͦġһ˵ˣɲ˻ˡ
ʲô˵оаԼû龾㲻֪˻治ʮ߰˵ˣôĵطãһСȦ⣬ô
˵øɵһطvȵ̫ҽ˶ûϵЦһ£̫ҽһƾ˴룬һ͸ˣٲˡ
̫ҽÿȥÿ죬طv˵ý⸮ūÿ˶෢һǮ߹ϵһһ˭û¡Ϣܻûعطvûٰģү˵緹ӰطvЦˡ
ֻ˵¶ܿʹȥȹ֪ʱֻûðݶˡطTվ⿴һصƬԭǴȰȰſģҲÿ˵ʲô
ϱͳĿӹ֮һֱ˳طTûԼߣϼһҹûۡձѾǺ˳ЩֵϢ
벻ôôõһһҲһֱӡԼһҲڹְطTøԺȺūӡ
Ϸ˻𣬲̧ͷվطT꾩ķޣһһ⣬Ȼ޻˵ķϡ֪طTԼԼ飬ҲడԶǰʹ죬ԼݲĹطTѵ׼Ǩŭ
Щﻰϰ˲֪Ҳ˵ڣⱲԼĽĿ಻˵طTطTҲΪεǸЦ̵Ůӳ仰û˵ˡ                        
շһˣҵѽ;ĺ۰

ھʮ

˺ӣطvűϲͷ, ̸ȥ֪Ҫ, ǰһʹֿʼæȫµﶼ, ﶼ֪Ӧвӵġ
ط|Ѿᵽȥ, רŻ̸ԼҶæת, ޲ð̸, ʵ̲ס, ɱæ, ҪҸˡ
ط|סԼ̸Сȥĳ˵̸֪ﶥҪԼ, Сﻹûסе, , , ⻹վŸء
Ƽˣ̸ʮү, Ʋѡ֪⺢ʲôûϱ߹ôʦǶõĹζˣ͵ֱʦ
, ꣬ŷһġʮİҲǳҴ縮ĺӣǰطvʱʹҲҲ֣㶼ǿѡģһȥ˾Ӫһطv߹£̸ʮ׽
ֵʮ˵׺࣬һʮ˵ֵܣһ۱ʮֶͷꡣʵ˴뱲ӣ׹ݵĹⶼմҲطv֮󣬲ͽ˸ָ
㻹˼˵ʵڣ۸˼ûܷǰ棬ʱҪӵġ
İɣúִǶϲءʮһҪ߶߶ԼһҲס˸ͷʹˡ
ԼСӵıӰ̲סҡҡͷСӻǸ۸Ѹ۵Ǹӣô˵绤ţ۰ǰţԼɲ͸ƫطv֡
ôп֣һֻЦЦģСүھǻСҲˣﵽʱҪƫСүġ⻰û˵ϵ¶ԶҲˡ
û̫ӵʱع칬ʲôطiϹ֣طi˵ʲôë̫ӷ˹ع칬ʵˣתͷʼӵĺˣûطi̫λϣ±߲ǴҲ
Щͳĺ㿪ʼ½½ӣƾ̫ѡЩƾ˭ҵĶУߵľȻϴϰˡ
佫Ǳϴ˲٣¿⣬طTͷʵû뵽Լ˶ӾȻ춼ˡŶƵĿھ˵͵£̫֮ܵλĻһʱ֮ϲŭѷ֡
ȫӶˣǱûˣү⼸ǮӣȨƲν󣬿ƾ˱ϰ治ࡣ
үĻӺ⼸æǸλòࡣʻȫҲأܵ뷨ԲһԲܲү˵Ķڻ˲٣ù˶ٰ࣬ɡ
϶˵ȫô˵˼ܲôƾٵӣҲ֪ϰ˶ٱ˶ԸȥҪԸˣ²ǰöñˡ
ȥһع칬ЩõŵĶȥһͱ죬ѺӶˡƽʱǻ¸ּ⻹˵ôˣҲԼҲҲҲ˿Ҳò˼˱ӺҿţͲ̧ͷˡ
ȫȻǿ˵ʲôʲôүֻ˵õŵĶȥʲôû˵õŵĶȥˣȫҲóǾʲôع칬ᣬൽʹˡ
طiһ̧һ̧ĶˮһĽع칬ЩֻЩûƼôˣֻūҲͦѵáȵˣȫվһԣū̫Ƶýζķ̫ӣôӲͷƤǰүƻʲôģū
ô໹أүع칬װˡطiԴж̫صǾ춼ˣҲˣϲȾûůѣһ˯ˡˣҪϴۣٸүҼƯūϻϴֺ˵㣬ƫЩȫˡ
𣬶үǸū档ʱ򻹵Ư˶ȫ¿ҲطiôġȫĨĨͷϵĺһĸطiЦǷ̫ӣҲܵ˰
ˣү˵ġطiҲûΪȫūŵ˸ɰȥͳع칬ȥ
ȫ֮ʯϲŴ߳ط̫طiŵסʯЩһ겻û˾ӣ˼ҳȹͳˡ
ֲⱲΪ˸̫ͷ˶ʧȥ˶٣Լ¶㲻Դӷ̫֮󣬱ĶܣҶʹ˸Լϵʯô벻ס
Ҳ͵ԼԹ˰뱲ӵˣ֪ΪԼΪʲôԼ˰֣ôˣʲô
춼Щģûʲôθڡó˵ڵģԸˡʯվ¿طiոˣΪҪ֣Ū˻ⲻϽͳˡ
УүһطiߵǰʮȻǣ˾ߣǰʯһѿ˾ĸطiɷϡòŽЩʯϱôûðѳ
ع칬ķһ棬ҲǰһӲ˳Ե̸̹طvԼϲԵĲˣֻûˡ
ԲˣŶԼطv֪ν϶Ҫôһ˻емܲסطvԼĲˣͻԼĳ޲øϽ̸ȸɳȥˡ
ų˶٣ǲǲθڣҪóһۿӾ;ˣڳ˲õĴ£ûԷǰطvǰغ󱳵ĴĦ¶ӻʲôûԼ˵
Ҫطv˵ʲôãѶ·ˣϸطvˡʱϢʱ򣬳ĶӶ˵ľλֻ˴ʱ϶˯ž޲öڱһźá
ôŶ»ز˰طvæְסȥĳΪӻʮ߰ˣԷûװʱ򰡣Բˡ
Ŷ󣬺˵ЩʲôطvܶڳǺӣǵʱʱ¼ǹҵĺӡұ˵Ŷ󣬷̫ǱߣүšͻȻ˲ٶȥ˵ˣ¶ع칬ĺӡ
Ӵ¶ӻû˵˵˵ô°극طvڳߣʳĲˮһζûе˵ԡ·ʱطvѾڽ·ϣ֪Ҳ
Դ֮طvԷ̫ͦԹ֪̫жѵˡܺö˶˻ûûͺܲˣƽʱЩʲôôûҪԼӵ˼
үˡҡҡͷȻ˵¶ʥ¶ôģ̫ӲŶãְͰ͵Ͷȥǰ˵ƾ̫ӣүͻȻôһ֣²ҪЩӵĴǡ
Ҫӿ»ûꡣԼһʰʲôӵӲ˵һôҲ߰˷֣ʰýʲôƾٵˣλξǸ׶ֻʵ̫ˣ˭Ҳ᲻ðװ׷Ź
ǱߵȵסûһƾҲܣ˳Ȼ͸ȥүӷġϰϴģɾͲ˵ˡǰô磬ĸǿӶѳĺʲôǼ˻ʰ꣬ЩǮµū׼ûһ¡
˭˵أӴ⹬λҲ֪ϰ˸ѧģϰ˵ģЩԽϲӽ߿ٱɰһأϸŶ˲˵Ҳϲ
ûɡطvһ⻰ɾüͷ˵ǰ󹬵÷ֿЩǰֵʲôðѹЩǣزϰ˻Ĵ㣬Ӧˡ
಻𡣡ָĵ˵ԼҶӵԴ˵⻰˼Ҳֹͣһ˵ϱֻˣǱһܰɡ
˵Ļطvģӹ֮طvһ춼û飬ͷԸūʰʹȫ¶㵽ȥˡ
ȵ԰ٺãͷֲԼһû飬Ҳǿ̫Ͷ죬Сӿ϶ԣɴҲ
үҲһԼ벻˻ȰѸӴȫ͵Բ԰רطvտЩǼЩйµζûطv˵Ц죬ʹϢ˵ǿѴƾٹЩֵܣһһȫ߳һ飬û¡
طv϶Լû´ү˭ҶûŹӶˣ̫ӵ׹˭ǾֻлʰԼˡ                        
շĶĺòװֱ޹һԼӡ

ھʮ

̫ӹ˭£طv, λ̫үľžŰʮһѻһ, ǲ֪һ£ʲôʱ²ԼҸò, ҲԼܲĵ¶
԰֮ǰЩ񱻴ɢ˴, ǰճʱڣȻǶ֮, ɽϵճʵ鰲ٺ֮, ˸յתת, һȥĵطǵطvѧ, 
ѧŰԣһô, 鿴Ժ˴λ, ֪ӦȫǻؼҰæȥˡǰЩ, ǻмµ, Сͷ飬̨ϵҲҡͷԵ߶ʫʡ
԰ӵԼ֮, Ӫûáɽϵɽ붼ԼӺɽ¥ȥ˵۸߻֣ʤףÿʱ˾˰Ұ, һȥ·Ϻ׷ѣǱͳȥǿ١
ӹˣ˼ԸͺӶ飬ȻѧðôһŶûЩʶֵѧͽ԰ȥģͺˡ
չطvǶ԰ùЩôõģͦԸ顣ϼҴ԰סţܶһǮѧǲѽ̣ϾʱҲԼ飬ĺء
ûͱָ̧ˡҰ䳤ĺûôԼǸжµģǼǰ㡣˵ϱĹҲã˵ǽҲգЩӷڵϿͷûˡ
ѧóһ·ɽǱȥãҪپҲҪȥ鿴źѵãɴһӾ;һҰͣҪٹЩֻèˡ
ѧطvѾżɽǱȥˣԼҺɽݳǱߴ󣬵ԼκڻǴ´ġطvͦޣԼȴ̫ϸֻˣнڣ߰벽һֱ˲ݳ߲ͣ
ûˣƽʱܻһϵϺ϶ûУһͼܶΧ£ƽȥͼŲë̺ϵطvɢɢӣԴ֪ʲô
ôûȥܣôˡˣūҲֱݵɴŲë̺Ьë̺ϣ˶оó
ǰүϡøȥ֣׻ǵרûôߴԵģҪûճѵʲô¶ûУү㡣
طvͷֳ˳ȹڣͷɵСӣ棬ɻ粻ߣվžԶ˺پߣūŻţǰ߻ǣģǺͺﶼūԶˡ
ŵǶ㰲ȫŷ˳طvԼ£˵ӹö죬ܾŻǻǰԼʲô˻͵͵ĿޡΪʲôԼû󣬾͵ӡ
һתۣҶܼˡǰĻЩӸǰôūţҾõ˦ƹȫˡԼᵱūְţҲֹһЩЦںʱ򲻼£ȵǴԼҲϸˡ
ǣʱȥںһ޲춼ٵϸܹҸƿ㺢棬Ը࿴˲ᣬϺһޣԼүүȥǲǶɵġ
ûӦ˸ӣöʱطvԼģҲֲøԼǸ񡣡ʱһȥϲأʱѶ˻û㵹ãԼڴź˯ˡ
ԴطvֱۣطvԼϵףҲʹˡţ͸ϸչ⵹ҲֵۣԼǰùָ͸һطv£ļҲȤˡ
û̷٣˸ӴͷҲֻ˸ӵ׺һ㶼񼸸ӵĶطvͷһһ㳶˳ıӣ˭ҵСүһ۾ˣҪүȥү
û˵꣬ͱһѹڵˡүûɣܿɶҵˣҴȥˣ˵ϻλӶʨүôŰ
ϷŤӹϣмСӵķ緶ʵ̫Ϥ˴˵ĵĶ鲻طvͷƤŷ顣
ӶʨĺӶʨүֻƼǰСӡòٲʲôطvҪˡߵūǶװֻû鱻ˣʱ˲ְ˸ס
үﻹһأСɾڡ⻰һ׼ǹϵطvˣʱ˵Ҫʲôǲǹģ
ɵ׺Ҫطv۾˻û˵ʲô˶ˣﻵŸϽߣһǿ˸ͣ
߸ͣǱ߼˵ĺҲˡնأôͷˡطvһҲͦݣȺǶˣҲոմȡ
û£ոиܹˣնȥˡ˵Ϲһûռű˵طǡvҲҲ죬ֻһͷﰵԼһʣֻպֻ
Ļ˵úӶţʱôūźţĻǰҲûĻϱ߶·Ǳ߿õ⴮ĢСѾ˹ˣӶǺθڣپ־ùһ⣬ʲôİɡ
۸⿾úóԣɽ¥һζɽ¥תۿʮҲǸϵˣһרȥѧ꣬ΪǲʱʱԵ
⣬ϻĢر㡣ϲʺ㹽ųԣú˳ԵڸеԷ⣬һ㶼壬Ź㣬ֱǾˡ
طvͼӣһһʳ˵ЩǶǶԷ͹ˣּõĻ⴮ֱ߶եĹ֭Ҫôһ٣ӿ¶Ҫ
Ա֮󣬼Ҳ̺ϲ붯ԼԲĶӣ⿾Ǻóԣǳ˳ְֵöȭ
ٹֿ⡣ǿúɵӣϾʹһȭٶһж㲻˭ְǶù˦ܵܶϣپǿ
ԼҴ˶̶ﵹҲԼƤ˵㣬ҰⶼģֵǮءǷ˸
ӽűƽʱЩûסʣû뵽ǺͺﶼͷǺǲãô˵ֵܣȥǼǣۼҲȽǣǲֻԼʹ졣
СҲֵ⣬ֵһȻǺãԶ赽ײһŶӷͷͷǵӦٳ棬϶ԼˣϽô
⻰˵üӶͦˣЪȥһƣ˵ҪܴӾͺˣҪǴ򲻵ʱҲĶࡣطvźԶȥ̲סӶЦԷ۵׵õĶˡ
ջ֮ʱ͹ر죬ʱ򾩳Ƿ˼£Ӻüǰ˵ҪҪץǰңˣϰղ෹˵Ķ¡
¶طvؾ˼죬֮۰Ͱ͵ʣǲץûСƼˣҲֲ١
˵˵ǰ̫ӣǰ˵˵һ˵ʮķŶѮͷ˵ǰ̫ӰɣҲֱ治ʲô
ǻʰô찡ôܸ꣬и취Ǳ޺ˣûǰңŪ˸֧ȥꡣ̫ҲѰңǰЩλµĶȥˣ˵ʲôܰ˷˵ġ
ֲ֪ǲġطvҡҡͷҪĲǰ̫ôţǱ̫λӵ˭ԴϴοѶ޲ѵ֮ûˣóд֣̫֮λ˭
ϴϰѾɱۣߵٲ꣬üϰ˽ȥ˵˵ϰ˶ˡδϳܳ췭ظЩḯ˹ҪһҲƣϴбϰǮ˼Ļиƨ
Űɣֲˡⶼ϶˼£ٹ¶ҪˣүӲϵȥطv⻰ֱһߣսʮûãŵһѩµģнֱ̨ϰˡ
ǵ߳طTıλ˾λֱӳ˹ͷ磬񸮵Ĳ¶û¡ϰôѪһɢ˵ȶˣƽʱԸط̲סһѡ˳Сү˵ƽʱƲϰǵУôڿϲζ
үҡҡͷû˵һֵܣϰһ·˼öѪҲѵö࣬ųã·˭ߵøЩʰһ治ϰܲˣЩֵȻҲݺ
¹û죬ûֱҡ֪ʲô裬ͻȻڳҸֱʻ̫ӣ⻰˭ƫˣ˻˾λֱӰȦҲ
Ϣһ԰ʱ׼Ҳŵӵֶ΢΢Ǵ˼ŻôϢֻһһ㣬һֱеʮųͻرոȥˡ˵˳˲ٿͷô
˵ⶼʲô°طv˵˷ۣ̲סһ·ôֵܣ½½վŵĿûˡʰ굽Ҫƶǲ˳ۣģǰߵĶɱˣȺСģ
㼱ʲôûźߵļλѹȥˡطvͷӬһǣҪ˵̫ӣ˭ع칬λо飬Űɣ˵λ𸴡
ĻһֺֻݺסطvתͷŵĿ飬ڰɡҪ̫ӾҪˡүôڿ˵ط̫ӣɡ                        
շдһµʱ򣬶ÿ²ȥˡ

ھʮ

ʱ²˵ãһ˵û, Դ˵ôһ֮, طvĽˡû˵ֻԼĥڼֵܽӶ, ±߳ūǳ˹䣬үҲ㿪, жûڴһ
ʲô, Ʈˡòү˿, Щүڳ, Բ԰ǱططvľūŹȥʼ䣬˵ûʲô, ү顣
ǰߺϴϰ˶, Լо˹ѵáͷ԰˸ϯ, Ѽ˶, Բ԰÷Ϸ
ûʲô, Ƿ㶡һطvͷڶԸ, ž£һû㣬ǾͿɾȥɡģط𣬵ô˵Ҳίģط, ˳طvӸףҲûķӡ
˰ۼ񶼺ȫסǲˡѵʮҲڣ˵Щɨ˵ġʮе֮󣬾ûôţҪүרȥ룬Ҳ벻
ʮǰ˸԰ӾԲ԰ϣسүȫźãͲŻȥˡүͻȻcueԼʮϽƱǾ˼¡սеʱطԼˡ
û뵽û죬ÿͷūžͻˡ߿صվɻ˵֣ȴҲӲͷͶٶŲҵòܿʵû̫ͷѵϴģ̭Щ˽¸չ˵Ķչ˵ˡ
ظ֮׼źԼϴʱ򣬶ϴʵûס͵͵طôŻˡطһ⻰ˣǰԼڻʰǰ˵ʮն⣬ʵҲ۵øһ
СеߣūŽ汻ײ߽ССӶˣô߲ܲ𡣲ȳط֪ԼܳһȦö಻ס
ͷɨūطKҳףֹ˼ȷŸˣ˰ԭǼҸߵ͸˵үӴȥ٣ǿסʮҪ濿Լ߰꣬Ҳ÷ˡ
ʮ˾ıţ˾ûôءҪ˵ܹѲõͶ״ءʱߵ׳ʲô£ʱǨôҲˣͶǹؿˣʮվ̫˵乫Ĳ˵ݵ͹үǵġ
Ÿ磬ûšͷһ֣ܵܶеŲǡʮүߵҲ֪⼸ϸ˸ģʵһֱûϵĸԼţ˵ܳҲţûƼʮǰϴģҲλӶûš
УͲˡطKǸûεģϲʵӴô˵طҲһ¶նˣطvƲȥ˲ꡣ
ֵֹܼˣЦ˾߷׷ѩһʱ֮䶼֪˵ЩʲôͻİЩ̳ϴԵÿطK춼û˵
ʵ֮ףոֵ֮˵ЩЦֻصǰճǻֵ֮ʱ򣬵Ҳ׳־зΪ
Ŷ꣬һ˼Ϊ꣬඼ֻԱǧٳʲôӵүǡطvǵûˣ껹оͷұǵؽųı߿ǵá
״ëǶ˲ٺöү޺дϳӣаյǶһݣ¾ûġûգүĿⷿǻҶ
үģ֪Լʰ겻ǻܣֻ̫ˡϵòǸƽĵһֻڻλĸЩĶ˲ϵˡ̺ͼȣҲûķӣүģȵ
и˵˼ǣһʱ֮û˵һźūǺˡʱҹ壬ϽĹȥƣֶ˵ˣӹȥء
Դ⣬;ϰǿûͷʮСǴڸӵʱѾЩģˡһү񶼲Ծ
Լүע̫̫࣬Զ¸룬̫ٹ̫߳ںȻͬеٮٮߣʱү˽¸˵强̲ס䣬Цֱ
˵ʲôأôûˡԼ԰ôܻÿ˶ӣүЦǵѵ⣬û뵽ҪҲȥɣҲûʣ٣ȥѾɾˡ
ͽǳ˼ʶʲôơԼûԼҶͼֵһҳҵģɽʮ쵽ˣԼʱҪۣ䶼ߣϸߣһ̬Ҫˡ
⻰üү㿴ңҿ㣬Ŀȫطϡǰû¶ͶطһλʮС׼ϵĹ
ǣ˵⵽ô¡طϻӡ׼Ͽˣ˵ƣĴνôǱ¡
ͿԼ޹ʮû˼طˣ׼ϡ߰ɣȥ¡طǲƺĲطvҲš֪ǲΪСǮȥҲ
Բ԰󣬹ߵԺӼ˶֮󣬼˻Ǳּҵսסˡ
ƽʱ壬ׯ֪ĸǣŵطvǾصս̨࣬ϵ÷ˣԲ԰￪Щ꣬Ҳû㶯
үǽжһ̧ͷطvǿǼˣһҪ߿ࡣʵ̫⣬֪Ͳ˵Щš
ǰǾһʱڹڹʮоŴζϷ鼸˭ڣѾ߳ȥ˼֦÷ڴ̨ѬڰԱߣ֧Ӵ齫Ҳͦˡ
ۣſ۲ڹ˭׼ϵĹǰҲ֪ͿͿĵôšڹϵһˣֱСһЩɩӵôԵ׽
Ǹãǰҵʱ£˵ɩЦ޸ط֮ڹ治ҷſ棬Ӯöˣǲˡ
ʮĸ磬Ҫˣ׼ϼ޸ͷ꣬ڹʵòɡĸǶҲҵҲط˹֮Űӹ˳Щ
׼һ˶ЦˡǴ󲿷ʱլڼû¸ɵˣĲдƸľ˻źӵĶһྐྵӴû鼸˶ӣ̽׼ʲôǫ顣
ϧ׼ϻб£Ұ·ӳģչһü˵סԽԽңɴû·˶ˣһѴ๫òźͣɲСӰȱȥˡ
طvҴȥˡڼǸСˣһˣԼûһѣȥʲô׼ϾҪʲôͦ˷ڻҪǵŸˣ˭ȥ
һкϺҲˣϽԼүɫ磬˵սǲսģܵðѳһС
类ɩطҲٷ׼ǶϽͰˡطvһ²֪ˣƽʱһܳһ˶ķһԶûɼжż
طԼļҲֱҡͷôô׼ϲ۸ˣط£ͰǰѳСɽӸˣڻ˵ûͦүôӾͲ˰
ĸӿŸǰյĺӣսֺͺոյ¶ûһĸǣѵͬ̾үεúܣʢϽȥ
ػϳױǰߺ˲٣ʮôЩûþ˲ٳȥ׼ֱšط黹ͦ޹ס׼߿ֵòС
һۻᣬѵõůɫһֱ꣬ҶûŻôһչ꣬طvȿ˴ðʲôʱ򣬾ʹӹﴫϢ˵Ҫ̫ӡ
ϢͻȻ˭ҲûŵĶġɶ˵޷粻ˣǰϴϰˣҪ˵ûϵš񲻹ǻӻǴ󳼣Ѿòƣˣ˭̫ӶɣֻҪˮ
ߣиôԸ⣬Ǿǻع칬طiطiʱع칬ĺԺֻ˵ûܲסůطiû飬Ȼϲֻˡ
֪Ϣʱõٷ»ع칬ſߵʱ˱˼־ʯϵϢ׷ʱס
ع칬ſڵܾô˳ȥҲΪˣֻ͵ع£˴˵ҪǲȥϢǶû˸ҲûԼұ¡طiԼĽµʱҲӲ̬ˡ
ȥع칬ܿ죬ѩôãطiɫǲÿʯһֱһţҲ̫µطiòĻʰһ߽ߵԼǰʱѵö˶ߵ
ʰ꣬ӽ¡طiһ죬ͻȻԤУԼطiĸҪͷˡŶһͷԼӣǵͷ˵
ع칬ߣӹÿˡԵ˯ţûΣûҹŵòҺۡطiϲӰ꣬Ҫǻöͱöӵ̫ˣ𡣡                        
շ˽裬һطͲòˣܾ˻ĻţҿŲŸˡǷ̫۾ͲһˣһҾֻܰдˣҪȻĲ֪ҪôŽìܺࡣ

ھʮ

׿˵Ҫٵ̫ӵĻ, ǰ, վվȡȫ˫ſĺ󱳳ӣ໰˵, С·̼˿˵һ顣
⻰˵, طiԼҲһ㡣Ǵλӣ̫Ӹү, ֮ر𰡡֮ǰǾû, Ҫ˵һ᲻öûǼٵġ˿̰ĵĿ˵֮, ìҲͶţٲԥˡ
, ˣ뵱̫ˡطiҧҧ̧ͷʱ, ۵׵ļᶨÿЩԼʲô, ԼһʲôԼĶӰ, ôôԼͷ嵶ӡ
ȫԼ, ˿̵ĿֻһҪȥĸףֱͦļѵõЩ, ǰ˼뿿طiúԼĶӡ
ʱ棬磬طi΢ı鿵Ҳܿʱ˿طi, ԼⱲӶ޷Խ֮ľˡ
̫ӱ񣬲ʲТӼȦع칬̤벽⻰˵Ǿطiٸ·ҲǵһڶӸǰЭ˵һ㵹ȫסûüֻūǸϽ˽ĵȥ
ʥּһ¾ǽԣع칬źܿٴιϡطiⱲӾûԹͷþʱԼϥǹֱ졣ԼҲ벽ĵطʯϣôһֱʲôû˵Ҳûǰǰ֣֮̿󷴶طiЦˡ
үʲô檽ԼʯϵҵʱҲǸϲϲԵ̣ľͷ˵ģոô࣬ôʯϷ˿㲻̫ˡ
㲻ͻ᳴˿𣬻óȫкÿôˣʯػؾͻôһˣÿԼ쵰òУȥݺݺǶԼʱ򣬾ͻ档Լʱ٣ҲԹΣҪ̫طiǵȫ˲ɡ
Ҫǳɡطiôһ˵ʯϰԾһԼϲֲ¶ʯⱲӾͲôϣܰ˿Ͳˡ
û¶үطiڰ֣ѵüʯЦЦóطiֻ̹ոдˣԺع칬û̫ӡ
û̫Ӿû̫ԳҲͲˡʯһ㶱㷴Ӧүˡ˵תūȥ
Ȧ̫ӵϢһСӹͦ˳ع칬߲֪߶ֿˡϢһʯǧˣ⳯ϵĳūûô£ѾùֱطTǾÿЦ
ط|֪ԼⱲӾǻʰ̫׼һѵʲôʱ̫ӰԼĥˣ̫ҲͳˡϧԼ̫꣬˭ûűˣүӳְѸ
󸣽岻ãﲻüգҲûķӣԺֱֵȻⲽأ˵ҲǴһ
طTط|͸ԩЩµǸɵģܿ׿ʲô⡣ǰЩóƾ̫ʲôĶǻ˵ģ븴̫ϷѣϧԼλԻֻۣһǰ壬ʥĲֹѲ⣬Ҳƫĵúܡ
үԺǱŸ̫ҽƹ˵ˡҵطT鷿ûˣֻǺ̴̡ӺԺ鷿һ·ܹЪûЪһ¡˵⻰ʱɤͷ͸һƮҪѹǾ͵Цˡ
Լү˶꣬ͷһͷܲءطTϢһûվ̫һѲվȿģ
ģϽȥưɡ̷طTһ·ߵԺүطСԺסĵض治󡣹Ǹխˣ⼸úԺЩѾףóԺúţȥɡ
ǰ±߹Աͽģ˳Ưֶ˵иģ⼸겻òȥһʲôûУԼҲûʲôϣˣ˭ʱԼܻء
طTԺʱ򣬹Ҳˣͱһվɫӣϴ߶¹ͷͷ̧̬ʵǹ̫ףÿȥ밲»˺Ҳŵȶֱ
طTϰԵĶһۣϧ粻ǵ˵ܲŶԷʲôʱطT˵ȥϵΡȽȥɣү˵˵
طTǰϴӵܵĶȴùӦûšϽȥˣҲ̲סطTǷҪɫǷҪҡ
˵ʲô⺢ôãˣ𡣡طTû뵽һ˵Щո˷ּĺͻȻͱϨһ롣⺢˵˵ȥնţʲôеġ
ϲǸ񣬸йϰţȺӳ϶ǲߣҹӣ¹ŮñǱȥ
ߣʱ˵δЩʱ˵ɡ˵һطTɫԾͺѿˡ˵̱ҲǷҪϸĺô˻ȥһ˦ӱȥˡ
طTӰԶˣŰѸոձںͷ̾ϢɢǸոԼҵ̾¾ûˡ̿ԼӶطTֵã⻰ūŵû˵ֻõĵطȰȽȥϡ
˵ʲôȻˡطTʱϵƽúܡ֪Լ϶ӣֻֻҪܺѺˡֻҪ˺ӣû
طTϵƽαô̹ЩʲôܣطTȴ˼סⱳСԺ漴˰ңͰᵽǰԺͦСԺߣǴЩʲô¶ܿ˵
һжٺˣ̸طTŰѽõݸطTó涼дļƲߣ̫Ӳ𸴣ʧʥ⣬Ҳȫû˻ᣬôôҪˡ
طTдģǷǰ϶Ҫϸϸĥġһֱߵ鷿ſڲųȵȰɣȵȵȡȣѵôطT˵Щ´ƴۣ˵ҪкӣͻȻҪȵЩ
´طvʱڸϴһ˶Ŵض㣬Ҳϰհǰ˺󣬷´鷿Ƕȥǰµĸ¡
˵⵽ôģµͷͲһˣôֵ˸ǰЩĴϷˣ˵ʱ򻹲ˣֻ°ϽǷŬŬ
Ķ֪ȥǿװꡣ˵ԽڣҲû˼ɣҪ˵Ҳã޶ëҲûйⶢһֻ޶Ĳǣ̫Щ˸˼ܵأ붼У˭Ҫǰһô꣬ͷһͲӦ
߸ãүָүˡĸ̶һĻطv̲סĸˣҲϸԾƯһ꣬ιߡػϲᣬ²ǸСӡ
ţǾͿ᲻ˡҲ£ͻȵˡ˵иһʱʵͦҪ¶ģھ;Լ׶ΣҪźȾƻ͵ð˸ˡ
ְ⿪ǰ¿ۣ޹ǵĿϲǵطvݺݴ˸飬㷭ѹ£ͦʣвС
⻰㣬үваͦ˶طv绰ûϰ㲻ʾʲõľвСǾǼϣҲУ
׻ǹ˼źӣ˭Ϸ䣬ûĵضǻһû뵽طv۵ʱߺźپ
˵ңǾҲһԡطvűһˤ߶ӣϽİ塣⻰ûֻүæţ
طvūôĺӣˤ·ϣίһ㣬һҪزǿŹ
ֻϵ¶һһ鱻ԸĨϳԷʱͻȻ¶ĸطv˵ǲ簢ﳳˣүǣɲ۸
°ڵ̨طvײ˼ߣҲ˲ŷ»ǵĸ˵ЩźãĲ˵¶ƭô졣ڶ죬ǺͺǶһ˸µֹȥ
û뵽ָ͹ȥûһ죬ϾҹˣһĻһɥżŭ֡⻹źӣūʵǶԲסĺӣūѾˡʵڲԸ£ūûӣֻð˸ˡ
һžͲԣ¶ֶطvרģҵľΪϸˡ˵ӴЩһֱǸ׺ִ󷽵ĺӣôܰˡ
ּ飬͸һ仰û˵ᶼҪˡɵô£֧֧˵ֲµ˵ʲôףòūš
⻰˵˼ˡ鲻ܹһ˵ģɴԺȥҪǣıʮĺӾʲô֪ˡ
ǱԼﵹҲƣŽʱŽڿֱȻ˻߸˵ݲ裬ϵġ֪ΪʲôնŮСϰ䣬϶ٹͷٽٿ⣬ʲôõ֪ˡ
ط֪ˣҪЩ¶𡣡˵Щһ㲻ߣŮÿЩ飬Ҷ͵͵ˣʯͷĶŮףŮܰԼġ
Уܵĸ˵ǻС˺ӡ鿴Ŵֵ̲סˣ̹ȻǺ¡ˣµնˣ㣬Ƕն˵ȥ                        
շ̫ӵ¶žôˡүɣҲӭ˺
  㣬ԼҪŲ˵Ҫ縺ŮĴ~

ھʮ

ǸǰĽתͷͺˡǲԼ, һֱ, ϵĵնҲԽȥ˼ǽ̺ϰ, Ѻӽ̵ôţʱŪ˻Թ
ô², Ӧ˺ӵ¶ܲܲ졣ϵԺߣԺӳ, ӭˡԺʱ֮, ⲻ˽, ݣһӵĹϹЦˡ
ʲô, ֪ĻΪһʮӶǳԴġͦ˸, Ҹոʹ, Ӷ˵ˡ
̵ֽЩӵȷ֪, ֻ˺֪, а˵ʱϽŵֶڲԾľ½ǡ
¸𣬾ԼûѺӽ̺áָ¸ǨŭǡЩú, һǸϾô񣬶ǸһֱţūǲŶšֱô˵˿
ɽüͷˣ, ¸ô찡񵽵׻СܾܲɺôȥɡغǸһ»ؿ˱飬˼ɻء
Щðǵ̫Сˡ֪Ʋ¶ΪʲôΪ¡ںԼзִ磬ǾͱӲҪǿô˵һ︺ûУѧ˸֪ʶ𣬻ܳʲô˵¡
Щǽ̵Ķ֪޸طv֮ǰĽ֣רųʱ̵Щû꣬ЩŮѧõԽԽˡ
ȫŮѧŮףò˵Щʵ٣鷽棬ȫĺŪȥ滭Ķ󵽣ҪԼˡ׷ʣʵö˾һ˳߰Сˣ֪⻰ж಻ס
ԼôطvһӣطvʱǸͷ࣬˺ֱײʲôᡣԼҪǸʲôģǸŪɡһ㼼ɶûУҲþΪ˵׮ء
ʱùֲûӸû˳ģ˶ô̳ռ֮ǰϼΣȻ¡ʮûǵ£ܺõĶȥ
⻰˵ֻǱô죬үרŴģͷһֳǲÿЩֲͨūţǹź꣬Ҫ񸮵ˡ
ƽٻ˼ԼҹŮһйϵˣõ˼ңЩǲſȥطvŪһ͵һȷе˵ȥ
ֲô˵áֱЩҲ˵Ļȷһʱܲô˵үĴӣǽҲūšɣǻס
ɣҴߣүˣҸ˵ٻһһֱܱ˻ȥǿֱ˻ȥ˵ôʲôӡֶ̲ĸ񣬶ʰ
䵣ǣǵͷͬ˵ģ˴֮󣬾һֱطvطvԼҶȥˣԴ֮ڴ󲿷Ƕţڷͷȥ룬طvܵðߵĶټ
һȾȵϣ˲Ŵһľطvվű߿ſҲǰߣҪֺһ˺Щ£𣬱ϾζأѬ㡣
ıԺͷԷͬĶңԼûңȫڱšԼǻӣõлʱҲܶš
ôôడȥǱˣԼҶң˵Ҳǳԩٻ롣˻ֻҪһ츮ûּңͲ׼˽š
ңȲôضͳֲȥ߷ݵľۻᣬȫǱˡǸܸɵģһԺӣúء
ţǵط徻ۡҪҲڳŪСԺӣ춼ڸţûطvͷһϰЬ඼ˣֽӹӲ˰ÿЩ
ͦģ˵֪ǺԺˣҪôĸԼ¶ﶼԸҵ¶үƽʱֻװ֪
Ϳˣ˵¶Ҫ˵ӵ¶ôҪġѾ˵ҹЩˣŰѰ¶һһʮ˵ˡ
㣡ô˵طvտʼΪֵƤ˸ˣû뵽ԽԽԾֱ˵ԼͰǵ¶˵ʱ򣬾̲סͷĻˡ
ԭΪûʲô¶û뵽»û˵꣬˾ӡﰡǷа𰡡һ£ЩطvԼ㷢ʱУҲ֪ǲýˣ黹ܲί
ʯͷôˣӴˣȿЩ˲ð˵£װ꣬ʣû뵽ȻΪ¸ԼǿɾͱԼˡ
Ϳˣʲôݣ˽¿ҲͰˣʲôӣ㻹һԹĶ÷ȥʱס˭ģطvþȥ˴룬˵͸Źҧгݵľ
ӲСˣ˵Ҫ˵˼ҡطv˰үû£Ǹүûգϲһ㣬ɾˡ
ôţΪѺѹţҲ㹬Щôţֱǰʲô仰ֵģġ
ⱲӶǼΧţΪиܰӹˣûƼʮӣȥɹż갡ͷˡù𡣡
˵ִĻ⣬֪˼ⱲӾǸʰ磬Ҫ˸ҲΪˣɽǻϻһҲٱȥʣҸʯϲӣԸҹ𡣡
Ȼ㶼Ը⣬ƾʲôѧǰׯӣŸ˼ءӸԾǳԺ֣ʥԶٵģ»Զǻġ
󲿷˲ŮǼȺɫҪȤҪôȥǶҹҹֻЩ΢ĳڴӦ𣬻
Ϊǵ¶ǰб׶˶̨̯ˡԼСӵ׺Щطvǿ̿ʦ鲻ۣһֱϰûͣطvҲǺ¡۵¶ϸö࣬ҪŮ˿ûлͷ·
үңҡطvû뵽ô໰ЩҲǺطv˳ߵĵ⻰ʣɴûô˵
ʲô㣬л˵ӣȷĸԼ۸Ƶġ
˵Ķͺˣ䣬ԣүүˣܲ¶Ҳ溢ȥɣһʲôô졣طvֱͷүԸʵЩҲϱ߳񡣡
֪ǵù͵ùǴϣԼǰصסֱ֮ŸԼ¶ʲô˵ô֪ǲôð졣
û˵̣ԼҪżֲٻһɲõģֽ̹أ֪˲ֽ֪ЩЩע⣬ЩòŶ˵
ߣõãֲүܴ𡣡طv黹ֱ׳ӾͺЦΪūźɥһͱΪӣѣͷþ仰óװǡ
طvĻһΪǵ¶һСΪȻûߵơӾͲ¶ֳִ¶ˣҲ⴫ֻѺӽ̺áʱߵ¿ɲͱѳ𡣡
ô죬û뵽ϱȥطvô˵žе㲻ԣϸհ˴ʱ˵ɥͷԴٰ˴˵Ҫǿɾˡ˵ǼûҪ֪֮ǰλһ㶼
ô죬үʰãҲͻ񸮡һպ˵©죬ô졣ϱطvݵģ˵Щ鱻úã˼ԸôȥˣЪŰɣһϾˡ
˭ҪII˯IIոӵʱͦģ㣬ȥ鷿˯ȥɡ黹ŸոɷӣҪԼӴ󣬻ͱˡ뵱ʲô¶ûУôܡ
ǣôǳˣүûôɡո˭˵ö࣬СͰ͵ģүɶʵˡطvôû뵽һȥӣ¶ôۡ
޹ǣڱʾ£ֻϽŸϡطvǸƤģýǾͼŽӶطvһȥˡſɾûٳȥ˵ڴ䣬طv࣬ƨɶߡ
ЩүȥˣүҲˣ֪ۺӣҲǵİ꣬ܲźӲáطvˣֿʼ§С߶µϾ˶ۼ㣬Ǳ߸ѧĹҪϣүӦ϶úίвС
ͷÿγ˶һУĶһƫƫԼͳһףвеĻ˵㣬ҲˡԼֻʣӲˣڷ֮䱾ͲҪһ׮׮һ˲С
㰡ûôƤ˶鷭óЩλطvųûŲЩõʱȥ֮ǰүҪŮˡһǾ͹ͷ۵ˣһүɳԲ                        
շֱǧȻһڿְ
  Ϲأۺ䣬~

ھʮ

ϧ첻Ը¶ǸЩȵιʱ, طv߶ȵ, ˵ֵ, ÿһҾ͸Ժ취, ôˡ
ػ̵Ǻ࣬ñǰξЩ, ʱǰҹ, תҪ, ߻û¡ԼҪȥֲã˵Լ鷳ʲôò, ̫ҽȥưɣ̫ҽ˵, ǳˡ
ү, ż, Ѱ˼Ӷ, ūŸϵϴʱ⻹ءܵϢĹˣ˵ɲʲôóôҲšҪɡ
İ, үվۡطvվ˲һСˣԹܾû¶ãôˣô˵ǾôŰɣܲǆµ, طvվͦҲͲ˵ʲô
طvʵѾվˣ¸ܡҹʱԼ˯ãҲ˯ͦ㣬ˮʲôʱƵ˶֪ȵʱ򣬶Ѿͦˡ
ҲûϹ˯ԺĽطvûѣһ»񣬸ɴһƨϣŰŪѡطvҲǵԼƥȫѩ֣󵽴԰ڣͻȻͱʲôһ
һ˶ӴϷȥˡһƨڴߵĽ̤ϣֻû۵ú⻹ǿŰ˱ūǶ׼׵֮˸յȥԼƨɡһƬ˵ڻءţͻվţôƨɲ۲ǡ
ĺûսһҹҪʱ֮ǰүǧ򻽵ĳˡ˵˸ʲôһطvżæŵʡ
үĻǸƯ˵С񡣡ˣκڣ֪طvһֱҪŮһ͸Ͻϲˡ
⻰طvֱ飬ʵҪСˣϴǵ¶ִܻ֮Ҫٲϰȥطv⣬񸮵˿طvͶ㣬źү
ʵûˣطv󵽹Ƕȥ˵ģЩͦϲѾͷģ˵ԼˣǾϵҲøŪ֣ͲСԭҪϣþͰִ֣ӹ͵Ǳȥˡ
֣ǿɸֲͨһڹ꣬ͼ˶ɫɫˡҪ˵սҪεµѵȥһԹԵޣЩСɼˣ˭Ҫƽװһء
ССֿ֣֣ǺӻС氮ֶѡ˵ˣطvֶ֣ܺã㲻ʲô֣һطvǽʵٷĲ
ڲ¹ǱԾͺࡣ֣ѺӽɵˣСѧ׾ˣطvĻ˵ԼҴŮǾǸ軵軵ҪֻҪԼ˻ǻǺ£Ժ󲻳Կ
ãŮðɵԼ׹ŮʵڳƯطvӹ̲֮ס˵ֱ죬ﲻסֹԼҶ߻ûк֣ҪȻԼĶȥԻ֣ء
طv˸ŮϢǵڶһͽȥģǶȻǸ˵òˡ֮ǰ˵ҪԸˡҲܺ۾û̥ëûɣʹ˺Щ͹ȥ˵Ŷ˴
ǶϢеˡȫӣ߼Ӹʲôʱϵġ˵ôӣһŮѣǡֻʱе⣬ȫһ£žȥµʱ
ȥ£մ߸ն˿ľλû뵽Сӻİǵ£ֵ˸񡣿һʱ䶼֪ÿԼĴãǵһ治İ
ɲвĵĺãԼ̫񻹲ģ߾˶˾λľֵˡȥⷿҼ͹ȥٰĽн
̫ӵˣֱȦˣϰ˵ԺиˣӵøӲף¿طTٶ಻Ҳȥ鷳¶طTϵĺ˵ʹľү
ʹ͵Ӹʱ򣬺þûΪע߱Ӹһ˵Ŀ⡣Ͼֱ֮⣬ûļ񻹵үʹ͵ġͻȻôһѲ߱Ҫˣ
طv鿴ſ͵Ķǰ࣬Ҳܡǲ׵ʲô˼ѵǿۼҺӣԺȺӴȥɣҲڰŶأǰôšҾүӵӹǣȵ⺢ӳ󣬿ſɹǺ
ˣˣǸӵʹͣյȥɡ˶̫һ²ŵˣȥ²Ÿɴˡһûgetǵ뷨ҲûŻӵʱʲôԡ                        
շˣֻҪûʮ㣬ǶһӸ
  Ϲ*2ۺ~*2~

һ

Ҫ˵ǰķĹ⻰ʵ˵һ㶼û, ׾˵ȷûʲô˼ܲסЩ, 궼¶Ļ˵ǾûͣͣĹȥ, ôȻ˼Ҳˡ
ȥԼ˶֮󣬸Ĵطv¶߳طvǸڲĵ, ˵ŶӺöʡģﶥŶľ, ȥȥͳ, һ·źӶﱧ, ϶˽¸˵ү躢Ҳ߯Щ
⻰ֻЦЦͺȥֻ׷޲˵Ǹʲôˡطv˵˵ĵΪ˳, ΪԼ͸ﺢӣʵ֪Լȷһһҵ, ٺҲλԵ
ϧԴӿԽԽ, ֵԽԽ֮, һ, ֮Ǳȵ껹Ǹͷʱ¡޼Ҹӹܵͦãò, һ²ŹһΣھûΡ
ȥ˶񣬲ҵµƽ㣬Щ¶Ҳӷ˶ЩŹСӵĺʱû, ʮһ¶ˡ
ˣ˵ϽһˡʮĴͦ٣˵ûʲôֿɾһֱûů͹˵ԼҲȱӲȱūȻʲô˼Һͼ˵ģⶬɽϾء
Ϊʲô˵ѹΪһ굽ͷˣǷ˵ĸûǮǮɢߵĵҪϵһȥоЩˣܰһʹ໹ٹһ꣬Ǿôˡ
ΪЩŮֵɢЩ¶꿪٣ﶼ෢˰ǮȥǸūǼ̿ҩģ߼ﲻȣߵҲĵ
˵û˵ʲô¶ڶˣʱнְӣһһʡʲô£ȻˣǾͶҪȥһ˵ģɴ·
û˵ūˣ̫˵Ͻȥһˡ˵үǶѾ˵үȥˡطvȥطǶȾȥˣڻûء
УǾ͸Ͻ߰ɡ֦źŴ·øūǧտüӣϽȥһ·ϳԼźߵĶ˿ϾżҲںߡһſһ£²ǳˡ
ڳסţʹԶȥ˹ſڣͼ̸ܹ̫ڹſڵţһˡūȥ̸
๫⵽ô°һͱ̫ת๫ˣŪͦIIIͷһոʱȵȺߵĶ϶ûá
ţūű߱߸˵๫˵ҲǸ˳öˣ˵¶úܣȻô˵Ҳֻܸ¡
𼱣үѾһĵǱȥˡΪ̫¶̫Ͳô˼˭Ҳû˵ϲŽе̫ҽ
̫ˣһĴ̫ҽ档̫ҽ˭û¡ûչ磬̫Ǳ߾ʹ˵õϢطѾԹȥˣǶĵǱء
һ·֪û£ǲǿҪƨˣȥû뵽Ȼ̫ɹ̫ʵڸвߣⱲȫϽһû谮ûӣҲǿúܡ
̸֮鿴ָʹŮ׼ؾѵĳĬĬһΪѹ˿¶Сڹ﹬æһţ󲻹ʧ²ȫԼҲûаΪ̫ġ
ˣɣҲ֪̫ǱʲôϢϱˣͣū׼ȥ»֪ôǾǰ׼׼̫ϲҲ£ʱ¹ʲô¶Һ߾ͳɡ
˵ǵϢһȾ͵ȵڡ߻ã̸СҲţĵŵĿɾͳ˵ͷ̫طȥ˴һȥɾûϢҲûʱ˿Ҳû˭˵ȥһ˿ùͷô죬ֻܸɵš
ĵûиЩү׼Եģ˵ҲǳԶʱ򰡡һӻʰһһڸﱻźúúõ˭Ҳѵóһζӵζ
һŶ߹ֱУ˹ˮٳɰͰ͵ĵģûķˡĵǷǱߵˮӱ𴦽ϾԵûУˮܵ˺ȹˡ
ɫԽԽ±СǶЩסǼ綼ͦڣé˵㣬һż˼ûС
طv±ʮΪףǶŤŤȥڵļӣݺݵһ۲ŰѼСŻסԼ⼸ֵЩȵ¶̫ˣĵĶ
һȣ͵ȵҹ˲бŵūŹС̫ɫ˾֪ûʱ򣬹Ȼһ˵̫󻺹嶼ڸǰżүӷ˻ȥϱ飬ż
ТΪ󣬱¹ô룬³˼ҵЩʰȫæӦֻȵ˹ԼϣССıԹһ䣬湻˵ġ
ٵ˱˻԰ң㱧Թʲô̾ɩ̫ţɩɩͷҸϡʱ첻ţڼʵţû
֪ˣү϶ʵʵڸۼҸż¾ûɵʱطv۵Ҳûӣ˵쾭¶Ҳܲ
ϸԼһ̫ʱԼ࣬һ·ȥ͸Լ˵һ·עЩ̫ﲻôãô궼ﺺϰ߻ɹһףЩͿʱ򲻹Ҫôţűǡ
˵ٶ࣬Լһء˵ڵſԿŻȥһţ֪ɲˡź˵ĻūǣȻֲԼ
һ̫ߵĴŮ˵ˣ˵ǽһ̫е֣ζԼ´ߣһֱ߶Ҫȥⶼڴס˴뱲ˣĶȥ
̫󲡵òᣬҲ̱ڴϲܶźѣʵڴϵġ鿴̫ߵūžֻһȰ̫ϢԽô˵̫Խ߶ýֱǸѭôȥū̫߶ιȥ
Ҫ˵˵ԭ϶ЩʲôȥǸȥһأֻʲôûƼûôֻˡ·ѾԴūŸ̴̫ȥˡԼֻ÷ŷҪ̫˸䣬ϡ
̫˵ѣЩ̫˼û˵ڣ°Ѵװ󶼻ɲԭϵģ˼úܡͻȻôʣҲ֪Ӻ˵𣬡˵ʲôء
һʻסˣԼҲ˳˵̫˵ʲôԼô֪̫Ҳûûôػ̫ԹԵ˵
̫˵һ㣬̫˼ҲһһͿģһ仰ȥ˵üҲеġ˸ŵ˼̫
̫ͻȻ˵Ĺ´ɹŲԭʲôڣʲôղҪҪǹڵʱʱС̫ܳ棬ԭϵĶϻܸŴһ衣
̫˵ü״ֻʱʱľʹһ£Щͦ⣬ֻ̫ûعͷ͡
Ѿͷôôءʵöˣֻ̫굹Ҳϻֻ˵ЩʮǰϹ¡
̫ҰҪҸʦ˵ЩҪҶûƼȻʦһ϶ˡǻȥˣ̫ԸϢǾ취˵
ʦ̫֮˵ü仰׳һ棬ȻʦյɲЪˡο黹ʦˣ۽д⣬Ҳý͵ø̫ϸЩдʵϿ̫ŸƵģž͸˵֡
ʲôдʵʦû̫ף˼ǶģԴӵһ֮󣬸̫һ̫ϲˡһ˳Էҩ̫ԺЪϢʱ򣬾ȫڽºͻϱߡܳʱ춼ˡ
ô뵽ôģ̫˵ЪžЪһ硣飬˵ֻûȥֲִ̫żֳգֱû˵
㿴ˣ̫ʵزԭȥˡ̱ﶯ붯Щūžͻ˵̫أ̫ǧأ̫ⲻȥǲܸɡ˼һ˴뱲ˣܸﲻܸﻹǽ𡣡
̫˵Ǿţ˵Ķˣ۾ﶼֱðʱҸͷʼ䣬˻ûǽ°̫ڻЩٵÿĿӡ
Ȼ˸֮¸طvһ˵طvҲ̲סҡͷ̾Щ£Ҳ˵˵ⶼһ䵽Լͷϣһӿ̫Ѱˡ
ýˣЩֵһأϽ˯ɡ̫Ⱥ帮ﺢۣӲ˻̫ԼûǸӡ
ʱ̫Ҳãڶԭ鶼Ҫ˯ʲô¶ܣû뵽һ繬߾ˡ˵ˣ̫Ҫ߸š
˵ȥĶͣ˵Ŷ˭Ҫ˭ȥԼ治ϡɻô˵²ô졣˹һжµģʦһԼҲڣȻ鶼ˣΪطĸܲ
һͷźܵһװɵ̫ˣһ˶һȦ²˸˲ܺõģܸо̫һ첻һ죬˵ûˡ
ʱ̫ҽҲ˵׼Ķ׼鿴ӵĻȫǲԭţɹŰͦζ̫ԣһҪҪˣŰС˵ʵԼҲƶ۵Сӣֻϧûü˭ҵģͱһʥּӵϽˡ
̫˵⻰ʱǻЦƣ鿴Ҳ񿴵ԭǸƯģﻹиöĹ˵⻰̫ûˣԭŵڶ컹ô˼Ҹˣû뵽°ҹʹϢ˵̫ˡ
׼ͻȻҲܲˣһӾֹסˡ⼸̫ʱ䣬˵Ⱥüϵʱ򻹶֪࣬Ǹϲʲôϲʲôɫϲʲôкӣת˾ˣ˵ʵЩꡣ
Լطvţһ·ȥ鿿طvϣ֪ϲʲô𡣡
ʣϺзһﶼԵǲǡζͲ̣ϱ߹ҲϲðѴ̸ˣҪŲ񫡣طv֪ѹʲôԼʹʲôֻҪôɡ
ǵТڹˣҾҪ㣬̡Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪʱ˵Щ̲סҪطvЩĻЩ
У˵̣үԸºȥɲɡطv˵ûͦô£ȥˣڵſǰ˰Щ
ȵ˹ǰ鱾ʵʵںߣȴȫ߹쵽ǰߣ̫ߵʱ˵ˣЩҪߣרˣ帣̫˼͡
˵ͻʵֽǮһˡ鲻ʱۣͷû̧ʵʵڻǰһջŶ࣬һȫûˡ
ȶոɾ˴ʵȥʱ򣬿̫ŴӺ߹վǰﻹһԼûӦþ»ɵġϵкֻиӰֻҪһ۾֪̫˵Ǹ
һʲôû˵ֻһҲӽ裬ʲôû˵»صǰ̫ȥˡһǰȹͷ߲ϢʱٵȵТ꣬ϲ˰ף˵ƣʥּҲˡ
ʥּһһӣط˺طvλˡΪ̫ТѲ̨ɽ                        
շһ𣿹

һһ

ʥּͷһȻ¶, Ҳ˵Ժǲʥͻ, ˵ͱӸ֮ʽ񣬷浽ײ˶, ǾֻиԼ֪ܼҺͰҪѸſڵĹƶֱһ̶Ըȡ
, Ըȥ¶һǮūǸ˵ò, ֻطvͦȻǲ, ǿ粻, еӵĲװġλöףλþж, ̫׵Ķ˾ûô̤ʵ
ֻǽʵʵһǶʥּӵİ, ô̤ʵ, , ϿҲΪûͷ˹䣿ǿТøλ, Ҳûʲôеġ
˵Ļطv, һ첲СĿοҿˣֻҪүһӣ¹ܾλôģһֱǶƴľүأһ˵ȦȦ
үǵ, ʲô˵طvĻװǻƵѵ⣬ʵﻹ͸ų硣˿ͷ̫Щӣżʱ򱾾һȦ֮Т˲٣طvŶۡ
ƽҲҷɻմȣȥͷ˿λԼұֻʣӾˣٶͳɹͷˡԳû˵ʱԼȥС͵Щ˸ǰЩ컹ֻҳء
һҶԣ³Զ˳ֵ㱻Ƴһ鷴ͦˣȥ֮󣬿治ǶʮॵˣһֱûҲǴдţλˣҲˡ
ǣʲô˵İôţүðˣô߶֣үӵôİֲ̫ŷŵģȥ̨ɽ˼ⶼĸĶŰ
ڴЩ죬֪̫̫ŵĻǲԭףôϽĥƽһУ£ǵûȫɵ
㿵ȥ̨ɽ˵ƣƣ̫ҲƲղš̨ɽɲͨطΪһϱӵĵӶͯһ뵽ľǲ˳γҵĵطʮ¾
˵ɣɵ⡣طv˵Լϵˣ§ִ»˲٣Т˿ɶһֱţطvЩ̲ˡûʲôӦ͸Ǵ󵨱˵III
̫ҪЩɹĶͻοʰγҪЩŷ˵ȥ̨ɽ̫˵ǿԼҪһꡣ⼸ԣˣ̫ӷˣ̫ˣ˵ǹ¼ҹһ˳Ѱϵο壬ôء
طvĵĲԼҰʲôٲãҲǲ׽ĵԼûôǣĺ᲻õģֻԼҹŮ
ô찡һףǶšȥ̨ɽݵǸʥּһģ˲ܳϼλĻøȥ
ðү᲻áطvѶƵñӻҪ޲óŶҪڶ߲źá
᲻õĲҪ˵Ķءһˣû뵽Լ˻ԽˣIIIx
߸ô˵˵Ҷ˶ˣطvԼǲˣ֮ǰʱ¶࣬¾١æҪ͸ˣȺò׹̫꣬żТ¶ûض˵ȥٲҳζˡ
طv˵Ҳòã˾ȥŵūŶղĵǰŹغãñˮıˮ±ȥ±졣˯ڸڵĶ񣬶ӱȥ᷿Ǳȥ
֮󣬸˼죬طvרŰһ־ƣʾʶֱñ鶼λ꣬ŰĹ׼γŸ׼ġ
ʥּµü׼ʱҲࡣǰѶ͵ȥˡӹȻ˵úܣط|ˣ̸Ҳûô֡Ѻ͹Ҳ˸ֶ
˵ˣ̫Ƕ⺢Ӱúã˵ү˵ˣǸõġ˲ٵ飬ھǿޣӵľλ˵Īڳ
ʱˣܶʱ˲öѿҪ¶ߵˣںˣͱҪЩӾλߣʱʱģ˭˶ӣ¶ﲻ̹ԼϾ
⻰ˣⶼϱġЦô󷽵岻ʧ׽Щ˲٣ԼҲǰװɵĶ˸ˡƯƯ֮ദʽҲȻȻˡ
ʲôпԼǸõģҲǳô˵̣ҪȻ⻰ôô֡ԼȻõúܣź̫ЩҲĸԸǰ̫̫ģ䲻Ҳô°ɡ˵ȨϣȨػأ粻ˣʱҲֻôˡ
ȥ̨ɽǺͺﶼˣΪģΪ˴ӶҲǺõġǣֿʵĹЩʵҲڸ԰ڵö࣬ٲȻǼøϣȥʱ򶼲ࡣ
ۿŴˣ궼ʮһĴӣٲȥһһ棬ʱ˵׼ˣѵóˡ⻰˵طv֮󣬾طvȥԺ¸˺˵ˡ
˵ʱͲƲסͦĹ§Ű궼Ҫ˿ˡطvСľ˴ĵˣϲҲû¡
źӸ˵طvҲſģɴǶźһôЩƯѳţֱʱŻˣϽϴֳԷƻʲôҪϵģҪˡ
Ƕһʰʱ򶼾ôô˶ֵʱ򣬲֪żطvϱǸ̳ƨɺߴȥģ׻ûʲôáҪ죬ûµģֱҧ
ȥ̨ɽȥ⣬еûô࣬ڿźĳūǣЩӵĻسүԾȻͷλӣ˺ֻı󸴳طTҲòһ
һ·̨ɽȥʲô¶ûУ˼֮ĶáǳһСү˸Ǻ
˵ǳϵĸǾͶסˡӴЩģȥҲšСЩģҸﰢ˵ԹԵ֣˯ŵģ׾Ҫȥ̨ɽ
ǸϵĽͣûطv红ӣ˭ҲǼģȻôǾʹ£س˲ٸĸ񡣸ųĶͲ̫СģĹֶոĸūΧźţҲܲסЩСӵĴ
ܸʥݳģͲѰ˼ҵĺӡسıӵģǸҵĺǵ¡ϸϻݹϵȻԶˡ
Ǹúӣ䳤òʮ꣬иľλǵ²ǵճӣļ͸ҹϵ˸ǰĲ¡ųúãһֱǰȻҲųˡ
үϵıҲˡҪͣϢߵ½·;Ҳý¡˵ÿȥʲô߲ȱˣǸϵãʱһΧŵūŸǶȥˡ
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кǵĹ̲סƣΪǵǰҪȵĲ¶ĴˣȻҲע⵽ػأҲ֪Ҫ
˳òӿαˣʱһûƼͦʧ䡣Ӿòԣ˸û˵ʱǲǿɵСˡ
Ǵ꣬ûԡôһʾеţ˵Ѱû׼ʵû취Ҳ͵ͷˡɲС£Сֹü죬ҲûŪǵµ֣ƳԾ²ű֪
˵ʲô¶֪Ͳøˡ̨ɽүڳ¡ûʲôϣ칦ȥҲûʲô飬͵кŮƶˡ
ԽԽѰ죬үԻλ־ڱصãͱôһ׹ŮôôʾͰѺӵ¸¡˭֪ܾǱƺӣһƳôûҩȥ
żʲôǵǲ𣬼ôƷԸأүצֻطvطģȻҧгݣһȥҲûʲôð취
ôѲɻǳСӵԸطvһ뵽¾ûغڲǿǻСӣҲСˣһһξֵأطv붼
ʲôôǸ˼ˣЩͻСͼˣҵ˼ǣôȲǱߵʲô˼ңǺãҲԷѡһ㣬ҪǸһѵҲһƣȼ˵
ȹ˼꣬ҪǸãǲУ궼ȥˣ黹жϲ˰ʮĲʮ壬ǹҳĺʱ鲻ʣ붼õô¡˵Ӷûϵϣĸλãǵ£ҲҰϲ˵ǲǣ
ǱǱô˵үùǺҲˡԼϵĺӳյ̨ɽͳô¶ȥô˼ҽطvүһҲû۳취˵ͷͷǵģɲץžˡ
ô˵ô˵ǧţʲô¶ĻǰߵĻ˵Ҳ˵ˣô쵽׻ֻүġһ㣬ǶطvһҪү˵ʲô¶˵ˣˣԽ˵˲žţǼ⡣
У⻰˵Ҿ͸ĸ˵һ˵Ļطvĥһ»үӲҲ㲻岻ģ˵̫ӣҲ˵ǵԼȺֵ춢ŲţɲԽԽͬȥ
Ҫ˵˷ģ⺢ӸүôһүܲˡڴϣطvʵûסпĶ᲻ùŮ˵֪ǵµ׺òããǸ˲ţǸſҲɡԼôİײˣߵٺãҲɡ
İɣ㲻ڵʱҾʹˡô£ҪŮ˵ˣƲǵСĽŸøջһžͷۡ㰡ͳôҸƵϵİɡ
ĻطvԽԽЦֱÿҪˡ̫úŪĸУ̫úŪҲɰ                        
շֻһҪųԷȥ~~~(ţ 3)

һ

㣬͸ʵ׶, ˣ¶طv, ˽֮󣬵ڶطvĸֹ˺һͨߵĵү, ԼҺӣߴһһ, ˼ȥ죬ûô졣
˼, ӿɲ֪ôࡣǸʵ, ˵ڸնûԼ, ԼλãҲ˲ġ
غòܸų, ߵ磬û뵽ûطֳô, ԼҵնͰ, ֶٻЩŲ»ֵ֪, ͷô˼, ⼸칦Ŷˡ
ү, ϲţɺôȥҲУֻȥǱ߰Ǹ˹⺢ӵĿЩ飬С
Ǹֱ, ±֣֡ôãҲ˸ǰװװӣ˱һӣͰ̶̲ˣһͰѱĵǵͷ̨̯ˡ
Ҳ̸ϲϵģҲͿ˼ۣʲôģûء鱻ôֱӵʣһ㶽̤ʵЩˡ⼸ߵѾǶ£Լֻһڶĥʣ˰Щ
ʱżôһصģҲ뵽ˣôһ·˼ʲô֪أҲ˭ҵģûͷûβеǲǡûǸЦˡ
㣬ո˵˶ٸʱż۶иʶã˼òö˵ɡӣֳŲ輸°ͣԴյǰϸԼý㣬Ҫҿã˼ˡ
˵ңңô˯ˣ˵ûףҲ˵ˡ鱻һ¾ǵͨ죬ֱҪסˡ
˼˰ɡû˽ģñ٩ҲŶأҵ˼ǣһ֪˼֣˼ҳɲ𡣱ϾĲ˵ĲɲЩ𡣡
ǵĻ˵òЩҲû˱ȹﻹǲô⣬ô˵˺úõôˡ
㣬⻹֪˼أɲܸ첲աҾǴȷҸԹ޳ģ̭ﰡˣҪǲϲҲ˵˻𡣡˵ô˵Ҳû֡ñܣͦġ
û˵װģǣ鲻ǲ֪˾ǳһףǲ˵̲סϸˡ㵹˵˵ôƲ˼ˡ
˵˵㲻ˣΪ˸˻۽ǵꡣŹӿĵ㣬˱Ļͷû̧Դҡø˹Ƶģñֱӳ
ٸף治֪ΪʲôġǵնңϽĿɡô˵ˣǲŷ¹ӣѲſڡ
㣬ˣϰ׾Щûʲôʵĵض˵ǰɣǽɲɵģѿǵѧʱרġ˵ôֻҪ˴ǰһƾܰ˿ϸˡ
ǣҲܾΪ˵˲ðɡб£Ȼ˵Ʋ˵գ治СҲܹ⿴˼ҹòãҲ̫ˡ
Ҿ֪ô˵һϸˡ㣬ǰжܸɵģжӵģ⻰ͬɡǰ¶ĻȻ࣬ӽǶǰĳҪ˵ܸеǡ
ӵҲ٣ЩԶЩ׼ҵĺӣҹϵѺͽֻ࣬зݲ£èͳɡ
ָ⻢ڶûӣһ඼ѥӱҰĲɾô˵ɣǸϰģǾһùšǱͱȥģ϶ҲʲôûɣüģҪ籼ſƾȥˡ
ǴӾһ·ʥݸǰжۣԼҰףãЬ϶ɸɾģǲǶΣֻǼ͵¡
˵ͷͷǵñһ׹ȷûǵˣɱô˵ҲŲȷҪôˣȴЩ᲻á
֪һô˵϶ţ˵䳡ߴҿʲôڱ۰治Կ䣬ĹĽͷ޲ڣֱ˵ûʲô̸ܽˣһǵûš
ɣȻ귨⼸ի䣬ҪɽֳǱѲɽפʱͺ͸Ƕȥ˵ҲܸȥʱǰԱԣҲƣǸݰǸſǸݰأǾ͵¾磬͹ˡǸſǾ͵ʱ˵¡
ⷨ˵ñͦĶһھʹӦ˰ֻҪͷ˵׶ľ̤ʵˡҲ÷ƣҲûθڣǳ˲ٵĲŰ˷ų
˱ţ䣬㿴һֱڱӴµĸͽʮģҲʮһİˣƽȥҲǸСү˶ǽü۵ģԶūȰȰֲңĶӹ
ǵ¸أٱ˷ˡǸԶͳһһ˵Ű˽еǰˣˣ
ţˡ»ǰ˵죿ʹ˿̿ҪˣԴ³֮һֱүĥҪԼȥǵ¸ˣүһֱûͷҲ˽֡
Ǿô£˵ˣĲǶǰ˵ʱ۹ȥˣĲҰ궼֪Ұ굹˵ĲһùǲүܺŪȥүĲƽʱԼͦõģҲ¡
İɣûôӡǼ٣Ҳϲã俴СͰ͵˵ͷͷǵͿŸˡ
УȻȥˣ˵õº͸ɱ˰ԸһΣȻܰ˳ҲϰЩ꣬ӲУȥҪǿ壬湦Ͳôˡһǵе㹦ʱԼˣŰǵġ
İɣ˾Ҿ͵ȥǵлͿеһƥȥ޹һΣļסˡ
֮󣬺ͺͺҲһ˺ߣҪôү˵磬Ҫҿʵʵ˵£ʲô˵ģֲʲô£ҲΪ˱áһǺĵӣضҲܷһĲԼһ֮
ӾǺӣܾԼȫְأʵүǱ߲˸ʵʱתЩһһĸûӹү۾ͺͺﻹʲôʱȥ̹׵ʱүطvѾȫ֪ˡ
طvūŵĻ̵ģԼһ⣬һǰ棬Ķûܡĸ磬ûܺúӣҿ϶
үһ⻰ڰ֣֮˵Щ⻰ʲôӴˣҲܹܵסģʮʱ򣬱ǻ졣
ôţ¾ȥطvǶⷨûʲô֮ǰʹӦˣ˵طʲôһҲȥѲפ֮Աԣ϶Ҫϵġ
˳ȥү˰βſڣȻ۶Сһɴ࣬ؾǵģٰ㣬ʲô¸Ͻһѱǡ
үƽճ´ɴ䣬ΨϷѡʵطvתĻֻ˼ĶһֱûڼȻİ취ҲǲıϣǾ˳ƶΪɡ
үÿŵÿߺ߸ãҪȵȥү˵үǱ߾ѾˡӶ߶¿үطvȻǰ仰ţýȫˣһƥ¶ûš
طv֮󣬰ѺӸһѧЦֱſҪҿͦá¾ͲϣԽԽ鷳ЦˣɴɵϣԴطvȡ
һСʱֹһЦҸҶȥ˼ͣһƯұԿɲǵΪʲôûԵ˼ңֲ֪ǵĽʲôӱȻҲûһġʵϱӵ£ǵľһǣԼСʱҲûضȥһֱš
ʱԽԽǵĿ϶úóԣ˺ЩӣҶִȥǼҸͣʲôԣ͵ǵ붼Լ̫ˣò״ˣԼԣֻһڣװݺȫˣǰ鶼һˡ
ҶԼһ˾ȻǶôáҪ˵ֵҵǳһգ۵ʱ䡣˵ߵģطvЦᶼҪˡ
Цͷ˼һģöʱЩʲôãԼġúӼˣǵͷԼöˣҲûˡ
ţ˵õһһ׵ġطvˣﻹɢһƷ˿ǰûôү˶֮֮ǰҲʱ䣬˵ͷͷǵǵԼء
ûáֵ֣֣ҹĸţ˽̹ؾ˵߰ôô߰ôôζμָ˵㣬ɲˣˡ
٣үô˻Ҫˣơ⻰˵طvɴ͵رѹ£Ҳܻڷ徻أһءߵͼֲ֣ӾͲܵţҪ˵ʲôƵ⵵ϱȥ
˵ٺãƻúãȲӣϷ߳ǵ»ʲô֪УиСžš
Ѳפ֮ռƻ;ԼߵİȥҪõļ˹߾Ӵһϵǵ¡ʹʮŶʮСĸǵһҲʮ¡
˶ֻ֪Ӻϴ󰢸ҼԣҲû˾ʲôԡֻǵԼ¶۾סĵܲƼ顣
֪֣֪ӺĴҲ֪Լʲϣɣô˵ͰǵĹˣⲻһ˾ͰͰ͵ˡ
ʵǵ±ûʲôָܲסиֵ˱ǣкüýöװˡֻ붼װӣСūǣšֻǣ˶ɫһ޳ź߾ˡ
һҪȺȫ۽ǹˡûôĸ񰡣ļҵڰǵ¿ǵʱҲűˣ֪Ǵϵĸڵϣ۾סǱߴ
񱾾ǹԱԵģӢˬĹȥ˵ʲôûɣҲȽк˵ǻͷӻǱϹ壬Żͷ𡣡ɣҲո֣͸˵ˣͱȼǰɡ
ǣûûС˭Եö࣬˭Ӯ˵ô˵¹ܵʲôʱҲū棬һЦҲ
ֻԶı飬ϸԼҸǵ£ôô֮ǰ˵㡣ԼҸţҲû֮ǰǰ㿡ˡ
㣬ȻūŰĶϡ߸ŵĶǸ֪ԼҸʲô֣һԸţ˽˭Ҳûһ
ǵµһѣϧǽǾģĶǺͺ;͸ĸû̧֣ǾһҪһѶһεĲδˣǵֲǸɵģȻףǳԼġ
ΪʲôҪԼǵ˰ûףһ̧ͷź￩һ֪ˣ²ԼǵС˼֪ˡ
²룬ԽԽ¡ʱǵ˵ֱǼ尾ӺʲôλʲôԼС˼ǱӺ֪ˣһ·ûˡ
ǵһ·ĲɣʲôûǵԽԽҲǵôԶˡոƹˣԼϣ˾Ǹ廨ͷû˼úܡ
ֺĸһȺС˭ûʶ޹ҲûôġԣǵĶ߾ֹľĽãϡһ˸ƨɺߣǺ;̫ۣǰѱ¸ͣ
ôţ¶ӣԼҽߣ˲￴Ŷ硣Ȼִյǰô
߻бˣҲö˵ʲô鿴ǣոһ·ü۵ǵ£ֻüô˵ˡһ뵽Ӷû͸˵ˡ
㵹ơ˵ո˳ָķһһ¾ʵˡԶŵģԼҰ껹˭                        
շǾӦ~Ƕһ~~

һ

ôԶǶܸоԼɫô, 漴Ҳ԰, ҲûôˡڼúͷҪո񶼵ŵԼ, ôطv
˰ҶʲôүطvһģϽ, ǶˣǡոոԶ, Ϊ˿ͷĶ, ү󾵶ˡ
ǵ¸ūϢԵ, ڸǵճĺֲǳӣųʲôϽ, Ҳûɹʲô¡СһץһѣΨһʵĵطǳúÿ, Ҫǰ̲۵λá
ĸױռҵĺ, 䡣ֻϧүĹŮ, ôһŮ, ү˵ʲôܰѱԼҹŮǱ֮ǰö, һ·Լ߹ûͷȥСһۡ
ĸ磬վ˵۰Ųţ͵ǫ̂ɽطvǲ֪ԼŮʲô, Ҳûѹӡ֪һ£Ƽһ¡
ոƵģȺСӸǵı߶ҿǵıĶһָȺСӾ͸̶һ㿪ˣһˣ˦ȥĸ˵ô˵ף
ôѺӶ꣬ż޹Ůˣү᲻ñģ˵ӦҪ˵ˣүѹŲ¡һ±ȥɣļҵСүϣ䲻ϱ顣
үһʰطvˣǸһˣԼǶ껪ʱ⣬طvҲԾܾԼ󣬺Ǿ͸СˡȻԹºӲ˵ףʵͷ»Զءүһᣬɲˡ
ûطvãǾͶˡ׹ߵǵ¿үȶˣ϶ȵҪߺѷһѣǵùȥɡǵǴٶʲôһеҲһľš
ǵôĲҪүһСƽϣҾƾôһڷ綼û͸ǵ»Ǹµġ湻ˣ湻˾ͻذɡ
棬϶治ġȻүˣȻʵʵĸںߣظңҸȥ̨ɽͷһؽӼˣֻ߲ȣߵٳӼݵԺǸαΣûмɻġ
ǽջķᣬ͵ǶĺԼֻһֻҰ֮⣬Ķָˡ㣬ô֮Ǿֱȥ˱鷿Ҫȣ͵¶˵ٲܷˡ
֪û뵽ЩǰǸ㡣˵⻰ǷУǴĵǺã֪㣬նͷʱҾ͸Ҳѧѧ
ɱҵѧʱϵļӶβѧɸӣϸƤ֣ҿŶ᲻áԼϲԲǸͷ͸һһģɱøɴࡣ
ŮҼҵģǲѧҲѧЩһͷϿ϶ûţҲûˡǣԶˣ˵ô˵ͷˣ˵ǿ˰ɣô㵹Ǹ׼
ˣҲ֪ô˵ô֮ǰͬһˡҧҧ֮ǰŻͦģһҲ׹ŵʱҿţſѿˡ
Ӵ湻ϸġԽԽЦҲ̫ˣ֮ǰ֪֣żͦǵģھһûûˣͷ벻ˣ
һ⻰ͷˣҡø˹һ˵ˣҸոջʱһ뵽¶ͷۣǰôħء鲻Ǿһ䶼ᣬȤ䶼áϸʣͱƳˡ
ն˵˭ǰ֮֮Ҳ̫ˡǻ֮¸طvһ˵Щզ࣬Žˣӿɹҵġ
㻹˼˼ңƽȥǷͷ˰ɡطvѾûֶŮˣոջԺ⼸·ϾŴյԼǰҲڡ˵Ƕ˵ˣǽ磬ҪϲԼ˸ùŮطvỹֻܷ֧֧ӦһͿ
˹ˣǶ˵γŮģɲܷڡطvǰһģһطvĻˣն˵ǲǣ
ǸŮ棬ɱǣңʲô֪˵ֱţطvŮ㽿̬ǹɻֲɢ˴롣
Ů㰢꽻ףҲСˣûϲʲôкҪ˵ĸѰ֤ί㡣
°˵طvģܲסŮպûˣίŮСͷϡЩ꣬޳ȥĹǣ˵Ŀɲ١Ҳ·ǲҪطv
⻰ҪǻҺˣ˵ߵû˵ǲһˣԼҰĻ˼˺һſڻػ
꣬ŮⱲӻûƼأ˵Ů߻ˣ첻µز£ûصúܡʵ治ڣŮŶؾشūŵġ֪ô˵Լ˵˵ԼΪ˱˰Լίˡ
ŮҸԺõģòŶߵĳԼ־Сðɵǲǿ󣬵Ҳ̫ףһöأ̫Ҳ
ǻ㹦òŶҸһУһһһ˸˵ȥҲУӱ̫ŮѸģǾֻҸӺЩģų
ǾԼ˵ҪͦͣСͰ͵һĲ䣬طvʶըۡǻڸǰҲûֳϻЦŵġ鿴ˣȿڸ˸̨ףȻȥЪȥŰطvΧ
ôţ˰ɣʣҿ㵽Ķô˸ǡ˵ǵҪһҲȷߣɴʹȫš
ѽ˵ˣͷۣҽȥɻʱٽҰطvŲԼû£ɴԴͶ㵽ȥֻ͵Ц
Ϊ˶ŮĵȻֹطvһңһүҲ˵ǽˣҲûԼŮǲ̫Щ˵ãҪһӣܲƲ˳˾Ͳ˰ɡ˵˵˭
Ͽү֪֮ӶЦҰҵء˵ͰòУ˵ӲͷĻ˭ϸүô꣬ͷһ֪Լүͦû֪֮ġ
үϷʵ񣬺ðŷӦ˵Լүү룬ܣôܣүôš㵨Ӵôү
үԽ˵Խûʰ˵ԼϲŭʵҲ˵ԼھԣԲءЩĸ֣үȻࡣ
û뵽Ŵģ¿ɺãòװǵµ¶˽ˣүͷ¶ָˡϼүģүͷİɣҶģʱҸӺõģݵ±ģܰӹá
ޣүϸǰЩǼǵ밮ȴ˼־ô˵֪˵ԼģȴҲĲ١
үΪ˹Ůڲֹһͷȴ⾫ͷүոմǱ˵ҰζǽմģҪó
Դ̫֮󣬿ľͷֱ֮ǰһأһ·̨ɽһֱǼ˼ٿʲôȫһ첻һˡ
ͽô˳ȥǸȥˣͽôǰȥȻ۾̫û˸λĿܣϰǱߺֿ֮ʼQɱQQȥȴԽĲʥġ
ֻģǰЩŲôۣҲȫһ˭ߵ̤ʵ¿û˵ͷԼҲˡ
Ȼ˶ӣȻҲҪһӿò࣬ȥȲñǼ׽¶Ѿиˡ
ɲүûƼЩﰡѰ˶Ұߡȫ﷭ŻĿ䣬ҲڸпȷҰߣЩ˵˭ҰıߣǱûģŶˡ
ǽ˭Եöడһʣ붼õӦǺ࣬һȡⶼūģʲô
үĻͷǴҴġȫôãǰͷˣͷҲߣѵ˵¶ȫôܷŹ
ҰζҲǴģūȥƹˣֻ׼ͷƯǹˡطvżϰȫ֪û뵽棬汾µġ
Ŷ߼ҵģȫ˵ģѵ£ȫϸϸԭԭ¶ɫ˵һ飬ÿֽкá
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˵ĿϾ˰Ķ˳ˣûԶ٣ô˿ӣϲȫֱ
̨ɽһˣʱ䶼ڰݷϱߣټ˵ʱ򼸺ûУʲô¶ȫȫˡ±߸ųģ¹ĺүҲǶУµĹ򣬴඼ˡ
ɵȵҪس̵ʱ򣬿ŴҪǼݵĿǵﻹǲɿһ£ˡ´Ҷûүˣû뵽̶̶ʮ쾹Ȼôࡣ
˵䶼˵ǧݡһûҲôݷǼǰߵүҲҶ˵ʲôֻسһ·ҵģȻͿϽǣ˿
ԭΪһ˳žûûյĹȥˣ˭Ҳû뵽ڶʥּǮ˰ꡣʥּһ£үͷһò㵱
˻үҲץ˴һͻŲأҪȻүӣϸھͽȥ
Ѳȥ⣬ʱĶ䣬Ϳˡڵãȥһ̨ɽתǮүǵǲ±±ߵĳӺͶӡ
Ϣʱطvɽ¥طKط¶ЩëǱ·ߵ˳طKֿʼ¡ʮǸֵأطKһֽȥܾó˿
뷨ͷһسȥ̰ģòŴ̫࣬һҪõģⲻֻһ˵£ֻҪ·߳ˣһһӵı񰡡
طK˵ͷͷǵطvŵνܲסԼЩһֱطKϻͷֲˡʮ¼ӽģ񲻵ÿϲܵøЩҪǱүҲýͰ͵ġ
Ϣʱ˶Űû˵طKЩӴ򽻵࣬˵үս˳֮ϵǮӣϰյǮ˭˽⣬ĪطKˡ˵ǮãһУ˿øʥǰôûС
ǾòУҲʲô¡ڶ󳯻ᣬ˿ϱߵĻʵۣǶŴĶԲ˵˭ûҰ׼õӵȥүطŲö
ֱ֮󣬸ҵֱֱɽ¥˶ڰˡطv׳ŵ˵˾䣬үŲԡ⻰˵ͱү졣ովǰߣȱ˿㣬үɫ͸ŹɻǸеģ
ǣҲ˵ԽǵͷԽҪŵסϰڶQˣǿ֮ĩ˭Ҫүӣ˱үȥ̽·Ҳûܡ
ԣ֮󣬳֮ϱƽñQĲQˣóƤĲƤˣүżֱԼ䣬ֱ͸ϼһһһֱףֻʮ죬űͻȻơ                        
շҪϰˣ˵һһڿ֣ΪͲ~
  Ϲأۺ~䣡

һ

ĵǱ֮ǧģʲô¶ǿͷ, һŶ㲻ȷ, ûϢʱЪεʱ⼸ѩµô󣬵ײʮʱܿ, طvܾûҲԸȥ, ʹڼҲͦá
ͷ̫һ⣬βֵ, ˵˶ˡϺ̫󵽵ײһ, Ҫ, ʵڷĲ¼ﺢӣָϽȥܺͳȥ
, 㻹֪׳, ¾Ͷˡ˵󵽵ô, Ҳûϵ, үǲɵطvϵǰĿ, طvסЩ֣Ľ˽ʾο
, ˵˵˼ǵԼ˵Ļﲻ̤ʵؽôЩ꣬ʱԼԺǲǴûйϱӵ¡ɽԼ̫², ӻôͲˣ
ô룬󲻵ʱ䣬˴ѱ㼱Ҵߡڳÿ죬ŵʱϡȥ˵ūʲôû˵Ҳʣطv˸ȥˣ԰
һ·޻վɻǱ๫ȥ̸̸ֻߣûϴεɡ飬˰˲ţû¶£үǱ߿϶ʲô¶ûС
ţģϱµġֶһֱڶ͸ɴֶֻϸšʮָӵģĴ뱲طvֻпôпºܶʱסڸҪˣһʱ֮Ҳܲ
磬ˡطvĵʱ򣬱סڹСͶˣȫʵʵ䣬ʲô˭֪ſڵȫĸɶ¶һƲʲô
ոպطvǰŽطTһͰ˶һȦľ˰ءĲûûǾֻѾʰٽȥˡ
⼸꿵һֱطTЩף˵ͷҪôĵġߵǰ¶ÿֺ޸۾ͻȻЩˡ
¶ʲôˣǸ̫ҲǸ˼ϸ̫ܵ࣬ԼаܣʱôԼոһ۾Ϳɢ˴룬ôִطTֲԸôˣһʱ֮侹ԭؽ˲á
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ʱطK׻˵ϰֺǺǵӡҲϰѹԼһͷԼǰ䣬ֵôЩ겻һ궼ûСЩ˵ߵԶˣʱĻø°ӣڹϣҪطKȥطKôġ
ȥģ֮¿Ӻܲ⣬ҲʹֵЩƿƧ֣ʵ̫ͨˡּ˿طTΣ
طKʱ˼ײ¶뺢ӡǰطTûӣǻҲǺ£ԼҰҲ˺ӡͬˣطTȫȥˣǸ˵Ҳ
طvطTعͷϾǸӵ˼µ飬֪ҡˡ֮λˣ໴ĺܻǣ˼վʲô
߳ǰߵ壬طvλߣϰ˲Ը˶֪¶ǺҲطTһ̨ףûȥ״ͷطvˡ
ЩһȺصʲô֪ġĵůڳүүͷ̫ӣֻ룬¡ƶ͢ڡүʱ˾ѾˣüҽΧſôãҲûѹ̡
ŵگѾдˡߵдʲôүСɵİգһڵм䲻ϲ¡ȫһֻźԲѵĿһûЩүǡ
̫磬ү֪ûи˵ϻع칬ߣ̫ӿû֮ǰЩǵ֮ɢ˴룬˵ع칬ﻹ˼ӣŹӵͦڡ
֮ǰүҲ͵˵ͷû˵ʲôڴߵҲɫүЩҲӦԼ͸̫ӸòԶ̫ӵж׿Խүǿġ
طiʱүǴĵûԼôһ죬̫ӵ̫ˣ㵽±ߵĵܵǶʲô롣ʱգҲطiЩ
ô룬ϷĻعⷵջû֣ܳڿûϹһĩϸչõ߸
ȫǶִżɤ濵ݱű˴ľųǵɥӡ֪һݲ£˵֮תߣڿš
ĳҲڿϲŭ޳ʱﲻûлҪһ˰˶ãԼҲõ£»ʰ겻ˣһùľԼ
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ү߳Ļз̫ӣ̫ӵʲôû˵Ҳٶżӣʵ»ʿ˸ͷֻع칬ȥûԼӣ֮ȫⱲһͣүƴֱ̫
֪ԼĶǸ£ҲǸĺݵˡүûʱȻѣȴŷ̫˵ࡣػؾԼ˼úõİⱲӹꡣ
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үɫ곤ֵܣͻ̻Ȼ֪ԴСܵǣûʱʹ밧ҲܲλԼϲáֵ˼ܸɵģϰ˶û£Է̯˸ԵĻĵ
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θڳԶҰڰ˵ãֻ֪ûʹˡһͲҰ촽ԼҧһѪɫûСһֱͣһ仰û˵ֱ֣ߴĵǱȥ飬Ȼ
üߵҲҲһ׶ûСǰҽѾȫ͸ЩʱųϲĻӣѸñµĶˣҲҡ
ϲ㣬Ǵӵڶһ翪ʼﺢӳСģҲýطvүɳȥˣͺǱֻһ˿š
ŸŹؿ˶طvߵˣIIɥʱڣסĵضǲҡүطvæûᶽŵˣ⼸Ǳ߲ؼңĶʱ̻ر³ʲôӡ
һĺ˵һʱžԼۿˡԼۣ˱Լۣһ飬Ӱסǡ
ͷһľ⼸޵ͦݵطTڣ͹񸮣ææһ˵ŲմǶͲûѰߣ䱧ԹСĵǻԼСЬͲˣĻұԹ̫ۡ
طTھֻҰ˸ɹֲǸܸˣǸĸûӵģЩĹϵʵڳƲϺáڲһ޵ģľͷһվԱʲôɣȰοǸɰͰ͵ġ
źūû취ֻٵˣһһҲһǰϰԾ١ǶѰ˵١˵˲㣬ܰҲ鷳һӰ֧ǰȥˡ
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˰ʵף˵Ǹĵˣǻѹţ鼸ΧԼȰοԼѹѹ˻ȥ¶
ϴ˹ûþͰã϶ЩڨڨôȻòϣǾ͸Ͻȥùȥˡ
ʲôУãӾȻһֱǰԺ鷿ߣúõӹʲôɽġ
ߵūŷȻȥûˣסҪȥϺϣɩӣЪɲôȥĿɾˡ
ס˵˻ūɫˣŷӦԡϽɿϵָⲻǡһʶոçײˡ
˵ʲôϵҪ㶼Ҽ⣬ҿɾ¼ҹˡϸĿڱ죬ҲǿֻȵĽԼһɩӣǻϲúܡ
аɣʲôһȻô˵ˣ˽û˵ʱҸôŻôš֪λߵãûõʱͰ͵ţλ־ЩƽˡԼҪǰⶫ棬ǲɵӡ
˵ЪЪҲŲԸȥˡūغſڣŲźڲϻ˿ھ
ȫⲻ治֪ô۰˲žԼжۣоԼˡϸĶۡ
ţɲҪǹԼҲνʰӦӦֵģǺ߻ӣʱĻȥߣͷҪȥ˼ΰɣһ˵ľûˣطv˽˯һʲôɡ
ô˵Ͼ͵˵ͷ˵һˣﶼ˵һС˵úʵǲԸȵүҹʱ˶ͷͷ˯ˡ
׻ãүһƼˣ˳ˡжۣ֪ġÿҹصߣԼ۵ָ붯źԼԷϴÿ춼ðԼźúúõ˴ȥԼ¶ȵЪµʱҲûԶˡ
غˣ˭׼ү˻ȻūʵţȵۣȻû˶̫Ҫɽˡ                        
շһÿɱˣٴ꣡ҵ˽裡˽裡
  ȻǸдˣȻûǸ°Ҵպſ~ôôգ

һ

һʵǲãͷ̫β˻ϡľų߶͸ŹɥҲ, үɴֱ˸׺ʹ󳼽, ˼ײûдλ, ʵʵТɡ
磬˯, ֮߶ɢòˡӶ̸ȥԼȥʱ, ӶѾˡ
үĬ˵, ǰ߻˯ô, ׻ʧˡԹ֮ʵʵҴ, Ķûȥôĳ̬
ôصô, ʮ, һֱ, ˯ҲָȥطvȵȡСø, һֱˣ߲Űָ߳
ȥʲô, ú˯ҲСТ˵ûַǶؾصİԽصĶɡ缸˵еԣǺ岻סӣطvһû, Һӣͺݺݰǽѵһ١
ѵ֣ҲſˡطvļüǿްϾûúӻȥֱӴź˯ˡԼʱѹźӣƽʱ˯˺޲ռˣһͶŴ˯ֻûȥ
˰ɣһ˯߾˷ܣֵôҹĻ˯æ˯Ҷطv躢ӣ¸¶֪ǳ㣬鶼е㿴ȥ
û£ҲţڼꡣطvôԹطvôЩˣӾûôһЩˣޡԼһæ͹˲ֻֻʼǣɲ˴
İһΪѲȥءҪ˵һһүһλ˵˼ֿǼĲɣ׳ĵǸ˵Ҳź
һؿǰݱʮ꣬طTûɴЩʲôλԵδйҲǣʮŶʮĻۣɲϱʷĴ󽫾ɸ׸粻Ըʱүѵ֮⣬Ļ治ۡ
ûү㲻ҷɾѲڳطŹؿ͹طvþû浱ˣͻȻæ治ôӦۿžˡ
ֵصūŶźˣүľųǵתƻأѵòýҲĹꡣطvӣƤѥ֧ܣһָ붯Ҳֻ쵽ǰź
֮ǰߵ̫¸æҪطvҲ廳һԼİ꣬Ъĵѹͦõӿ˵¾ôˣ
Ȼأ㻹ôŰһ߸Ƥһ˵ô޾յĹ㲻ˣ쵫̫ӻϰ¿ɾûûˡ
ǣҾǾͦ㱵ģϾÿʲôСطvв£¶棬󲿷ʱ򶼲ڣǻûйɲͶ󷴾
ЩҪ˵Լʰ꣬طv־¡˽˵ôأ˵ǲλ˭ĸ磬ôȵүء
ԼȱݣʰܴûӹԼڵԼҵʱƫĵģطvǵ䡣ҪˣԼ飬ҲЩ궼档
ſԽԽ󣬲ԽԽأطvòַЩ꿿ԼһУѧʳֻԱĻʰ硣Ҫ˵һԹûУҲǼٵġ㸴н֯ţһʱ˳Ҳ
£ֻҪǰдˣ˲ӾСȻһֱүλȿǿҲΪԼҸүߵýүӣǱԼߵģͲˣһܱĵĺá
ʵֻҪǸλϣľǻȨ˭ʲôϵĲһءЩ˾Ĵһֶùʵûʲô飬뵽һ첻룬Ҳ͹ȥˡ
˵⻹нд˵ģҪˣطv˵ϻǶ˼Ц⡣ô꣬һֱԼӴ󣬺ЩԼĵµ¶ñԼᡣǸӴġ
طvʱʵҪ˿ЩҲû˵档иȻܺˡʵ㣬ʱɲǹ߻ˣû
˸һǿģоҲ֪Ե֣鴩ԽĽָǵϱߣô˳ʼһػûţǾһˮ¹ôЩ꣬ϵúܣʱ򳳼ܳˣÿͻ
ģүһɣ⼸ˡطvְҲߣɵÿ£Դǰ˵ġȷûʱҲˣ仰˵ûһ˯óˡ
ǲ֪òóԡͷһʮȫҶڼʵؽɶ١˵ɣһʲôûɣ𴲾Ϳʼ룬ݵذڣռݱȵۻ̫ҪǸгʷЩһ˲
æһȦøūǷТڣܴٴ죬˻ǲɵġūһ굽ͷܿԵȵܰ³ԷʱһҲˡ
ӶˣԵûɣ֪ϲͷϷ˺ﶼŵأܲó𣬸ʲôó԰һԵģûô
ǲһȥǶҲܿǡǵ˱ڣ˵ɤǽһӴƫһ㶼Сʱôʵһࡣڼܻܲ˲ǡ
ʵֺﺰ˵СӳӣھܳԻԵʱ򣬳ٻҲصģչ͵úÿ첻ӸٶС
ǹ꣬ǳҲƯһӲ˴붼ʲôؼضһ֮࣬ôˣôôܰڳһӲҲѵá
źÿҲô¡⣬ԵǺնϣپһСͰ͵Ҳû˵ʲôʵʵˡըӿӣ˸һţãܲڵġ
ֻǺһ㣬Ҳ˴ڸӳʱֻϳݵøͶһԼȴų˵ѲԣԼ˶Լ÷׮һԾǶԼ׮ӸˡԳؾͳأٳһ㡣
һ󣬾ͲСʱźطvĵģҲûİֻҪаŮģһҲ޷
Ծͱԣ㰢һ궼æѵýһһ𰲰꣬طv»ͦߣū˾үŻҲȵͦˡ
һκȾ꣬͵ŵȥѳʦľƸ͵˷źˡʦͺһյӣƽһһҹ̫ҽ
̫ҽ˵û£ɵľǷĲ£ֱڶ˲˿Ǵ֮󣬺ûطvȴźӺȾƣֻ˵´ٸҸЩ͵͵£ʹӳȥ
֮ͲȫϱЩѧ̺ˡԼȫ׹ֻԼǴһģºԼ׶ӣԼҲԼвŲҼ˵һȥ̺ӡ
Ժ󣬺ﷹϣʱľܿƣͷκӲ֪ܺζˣͼûйˡѵؾûʲôζҲ߸˵˴ϡֱҹʱ˽ӲκūŷŻȥЪ¡
ûУ̶ûţطv鿴żӶͦõľˡһϽûôˡµ۵ǻТߣ˵һдӼҲĥ˵úܡ
乬ԼҺ󹬣ǻȵô̫ǣһܵˣԹһиūҡǰ١Ű¶ȫϣһүۣϱۡ
ȥʲô˵үԭ̣ɿһһûû˵ңүҲ̲סˡһɤӺĵūŶȴû˸ҽҲʹ졣
ⶼô£Ķô°޽ЪˣôūƲ㴭ôţүˣ˵Ŵ̶ҲϲվĸűϸİŰүë˳
żô̫ǣǸǰһˣЩӦĵطСģܸöŲǡĸʺɲһ£ȵүڵʱҲûʺҲʯͷӣһһɡ
䲻ǵӻ˵ûģʱȹԼ۲ۣҲ֪ˡүô˵֪ô£ɻͦ˵ģҪ˵Ҳ̫˵ô˵ǻʺܲܳ˰˸ɻˡ
ģֲһֱôţΪڹЩ̫ǾʹҰТڹˣʱ̫ǽӳȥʹˡҲûӰ˵չ̫ʵүֵǵġ
֪޵Ļʺã˶ǲǡүϸǰ˵٣һľúܣ˲˾ůЪȥˡ                        
շˣҼӰȥˣ~~~

һ

ôصôȥſˣ˵ȥµһ, ﵹûô˵, ֻůˣܱèĶԸǿطvֻ˹, æòˣС
˵ûТ, ׹ôã֮ҲͣŲ, ԳϸصĹ, Сϲ»ͣ, ˽ҲͶˡ
û, ʥе¶Ͷ˻»λ, , ĵ³̡ɵ׻Т¶, үǸż, Ǿţⲻ±ߵܵҲֻүǡ
»ʵǻͷһ, ˵ӦҪƵġ˵¶ʲôʱǶ¶үֵΪƣ˭
ȵ۸ռݱԺߵϺүûƵϵ, ҪѡˣЩżˡϾүǻͷһƿѡĿɾ˵ó͢߶õϵģôôһһص˿á
ҲòôãˣȸﻹȣһĺϽȥϴٻѣҪ˵үǽ棬ǲ±ֵܣ˵ôТһ㶼
ÿҪطvڹԷͲ˵ˣԵĻصģڸģĵﻹûϱطvǸȵģһٷζûʲô٣Ļ˵Ǿ滹ԡ
أôûӡطvյϴпʺӡǳʱطvû¸ɵʱ򣬾͹ڼˡڼǱǰ߼ӻҪճطvŮ鲻֪жá
ҼˣϽȥǰ߰ɡط|ˣûҾͰˡ緹ȥ鷿ǱЪȥˣոū˵ˣȥƣӦʲô¶ʹСӲ˵
һڶݵӣǰߺپǶûأط|Ҫ£ĥߴôöûߣҪ硣˵ˣʲôú˵𶯲͵۷Ƣʮˣøӡ
ˣȶﻹ¡СƤúܣүʱĸôȥڽ̵ܵϱߣͳһҲסطvֵôЩҲү̶ʮģ֪ǿ˶١
磬ôŻطvһط|͵鷿ˣƽԼñӻ죬϶¶˰ɣҪȺȿڲԵģ鷿ĲôĸߵܵܣùҲôԡ
ط|ȵӣطv֪ô¾𡣺ﻹ˵ĻǰСͦˣѵһѵţʱѵʮԼûضȥ˵ɣʮүʲô¶
𰡣ҵ׸û¾Ͳˡط|ҲţվƤЦĸҾֶŮˣƼǵġ
ţɹ˼ֶŮôģҲɩӴ󷽣Ҫŷ͵øˡطvŲһף˵˵˵ҿɾ˰鷿㰮ôãүš
˵˵𡣡ط|֪Ǹ˵ó͸ɵĳԼô°¶һС¶Ӵ־ܰˡ
ط|ӣ֮߿˲٣ԼǰĶٸƨǲ͵ģ鷿ʦܲסˣ
ǣҽΪġҪ˵Ӵ˼Ͷأط|ʮ峯Ǹˣ缸ƿϻ˸ʮ˵Ľʿǰһƣط|ˡ
磬鷿ڴÿûˣҪү˵˵Ժȥ鷿ɡԼ˲ϣ͸˵±ЩСˡ鷿ʦҲܲסЩʰǣط|ǻӿγҲͦڡ
үһǻæǰһڳѹ˳һ顣̫Ƕᵽȥˣжӵүǰֵ˵ˣТһøӰ̫ǽӳȥ漴һ˯ȵ۵̫ǾͶʵˡ
ûģǾ͸ðЩûȵڵʱΣҲ룬ͼ¡
̫˵ײʲô£үεĻ鷿鷿ԭȵµСǣоǷ̫ӹＸӡȦ˶ӣҲûҲع칬һӣүǲϱʲôѱ
Դүֹ鷿¶ط|ǵĺӾһȥˡ鷿ǣкʱǣүʱ͵ùʹΡʱӺͱϰ˵ģдϵʱҲһأط|ˡ
磬ܲˡ˵ĸôأҲ˭ı˭ܵ˰ֲ״Ԫȥط|ˣط»˽¾˵طv˶٣ºãһò˻ˡ
˵һ飿طvط|ֱ׳ģЦˣڹԼţͷࡣԼˣСӻ˼Լ߿ࣿӦ𡣡
طvԼܾܵͷۣͦĺӣôӻʹط|ֱţ۰ʮ粻;͸Żʰ굽ţôҾͲܳˣ鷿ҪʲôʱǸͷ
ʮʮ㡣㲻ʮض٣ʰ굱ʮܷ𡣡طvû˵ףǰЩүӶã°ʮʮﵽȥģͲһ¡
Ҳô࣬㲻ܲҡط|˵˵ͨˣһлүǻ֮ʮôүѧġϧˣԼɲү
үǱĵططvĺܵܵϱߣʮеүŲطvû˼ɡ̸ﵽΪֹ¶طv˵һµųط|ˣҲ˵úá
طvط|Ƥģô̶̲סˣϧʰСһ٣ͱҹˡ߰ʱܵܲ£ĴҲʹˣʮСӿɲ㡣
ط|Ҳǻ룬Ĳ֪¡طvˣոǻӾȫûˣ黹˵Ըطvͻعȥط|⻰ͷҡˣϽȾܣٰԼ׸һٴ
ط|²ǸСѵһٲعٱүȥѵһ٣ȻҲʵˡô˵Ҳ˸ѣˡⲻû죬ȥȥ̸ȥڻʺסĳ
ôпհǶˣæˣ˵úǵ˻ʺ˵ʵҲǳϽǵĹܼšӽڣûôЪϢÿ۶µ¶үɲ˶١
¡ɲСˣ˵Тڲܰϲ£ɸ࿴Ķ࿴ˣҪһǻʮˣٲ׾ˡ
۴󰢸Ȣϱ˰ɡҪ˵ƣûŵ¶һ¾ˡͿɲСˣǵˡ
˭˵ǰү˵Ҫ鼸꣬ŮӼڣǹ޳ȥҲѵüһ棬ɡǴε¶֮үħһӣ࿴˼᲻ãӿµˣ˸Ҳûڳ
ɺͲһҪ˿ɲСǻϵĴ󰢸磬ĵճӣ˵ε̫ҲûʲôҪϲױ˵ӲԣҲЩ˼󰢸ϴ⡣
Ϻһ˵ʵû飬ֻһšбЩҹСҪˣūһչǿһĻã˱˵飬Ҳˡ
Ŷá˿ͦãʼÿܿ伸䣬ͶľˣϾҵĻʦҲܰԼҸ˻ǡҪҿǵÿʲôģôܿʲôӵء
˵ĶɲôŻôء;̾⺢ӳʲôãǰ㲻żԼĻ¡һ˵Ըʰȥµ˶£ⶼþûź͵ˡ
ڣŮ˴һ˵ֻԽԽƫġǰػ˵͵Ļ£ĵҰȥˡһ˵ԣү֡񸮻ǹүţүʮҲŹȥˣ˵ǰطTʵѹ
طTûùү¹ϱطTʲǰķޣһסŻûһ䡣ʱ򣬷ڹǱţĺӸĲһʾǺԼӲáطTûˣǰѺӴһŲǰԺ鷿ţſĿİѺӸס
˵ϲ֪ͨˣ뿿ٻ֮Ĺϵ˺üҪѺӻšϧطTһֱûɿڣΪֳ˺üأҸﶼˡ
İȤʵ˵ҲûһֵܣΪ˻λûϵӮ˶ϰЩҪϺӣòһֳ¹үطvǣͦζ                        
շûʲôҪ˵ģְɣ컹Ҫϰ࣬ޣ
  ˣ˸·棬ϵΪҶӣҲ~

һ

ʺ鼸İĵøˣһ㲻֪߰үϻˡҪ˵طT⼸ÿζӳ, õʱΪ̫ӵλӽǰ, Լһ־š
ùʱԼڻʰǰ, ʲôĻˣʱطTԼ, Ʋ϶ӣֺα˶ء
뷨Ҳһ˲, ±һٴѹ, ߵӵɢ˴, λҲûүҲĨµıͷϾڹֻǸͷ, ΪܱѹһͷӶˣʲô˵ڸֶ˸, ܻͷġ
ú, Ҳסʵƹ˵, 鷿˵ϲ, ӻǳͦõġ˵鷿طTʱ, ںӸԼ׵úܣһ첻밢ꡣÿκаʱطTĶˡ
ԭôȥҲУ˵ֻи磬Ҳܱûǿɲ֪ͨԼк, ǴźȻĵطTٺȥǰЩӿʼԺǱ߾ͼѺӹȥҪǵطTѺӱʱأ鷿ߵūŻסϡ
طTռǸǺĵնҪӦӦֵġһصĲɣҲˣɴӲ˼ֻҪǰѺӱȥˣطTҲһ涼Լٱߡʱɲͺ˶
˳£طTʮߣ綼ûȥϳҪЪʱ򣬴żֵ鷿Ǳ߰Ѻˡ
֮ǰ˵ҪѺԺǱȥĶǹߵ֣˵׵Ҳ͵ˡǹԹµְѺ̶ˣҲûס˸̿ŹϱźӵıӰֱţϽģϽȥŰүһ
ߣȵۼݱûٹʲôӡǼȵүүһ̯¶ȵүǴܶʵģ˽ЩʲôֻҪְүҲšϾԼÿ궼û٣±ߵҪźүܲܲá
ĺӵүҵʱ򣬾һȥˡôǮӣָطTôЩ꣬ү˭
²ˮ»øڿܵҪ߱ߣҾǻӣλүɲ档
˸磬ıôôٰô͵ȥſɲ󹻡ʮ񸮵ʱ̣ǰҲ治ǸȲµˡҪүõ˲࣬ŲԸߺšҪ˵ԼԸӪߴţҲƽһҪ̿ٱǿ
û£Ƚүʺ̫̫ǱͣĲĸһȣȹߵ͵ٲҲһȥ¶̫̫࣬ȵ۵ͻ˲ӣ껧ûǮҲøսӡ
ǣ𣿡طɲҲܸɵȱҪүҲŪطTߴšһܿطTʮ˺úѧѧ¡
УҪôţûӣûģ۸ϽȥطTǹûӵˣһʮ죬춼Ҫ˵ûǮŲһŲתһתܹ
߽׵ɲҲ˶ˡжеλģ񻰡ͽ׵СǴ඼ᣬ̸һģ˴¡
İɣ㰡ôүأҵűǡİʮŵԼǰʲô⣬طTúܡǰ˵û뷨ӸĶһֻ˵²òͷ
ˣôŰɣ̫Ȼȥ˵񸮴ôϰҲˣڰֲٸʮ񸮴šԼСӱһ㶼ûǿǸصģʮ˵ͷԼ鷳
ϣطTߣʵһûţĶǽԼһһУûвԼĴãÿͦʵ߸˿һһߴˣٲ
Ҳӭϸմɽ¥طvطKˡ˵ֵ֮ϵһ㣬Ҳû˲кĵطTⲻҪ߻ūأūŰһһطTҲȻŻعˡ
˸ʲôأǵǰ˶ûطKܾŵԼϰ߲ص˵ѾôЩ꣬ϵʱҲطKЩطvûȸطTк
٣ʲôǸǵ¡طTֵǹöͦã˿ɬҲ̵ס¶˶ûϺѣ˼ײûһʱģкҲ͵ˡ
طTҲôһ˵Լ¶һ֪ģͬүҲԶˣô˵ҲûȥطTǰԱգø·ûүū˹
ǵ֣ūǻҲҴ£¹ôСֵҲˣ¾ô£طTˡطTȥطvطKҲֻܸںߣûϻ˵²ܲʾߣǾ˳׸ˡ
طTôЩ͵һӣ¿øƵģ鷿߸ҪǲͻȻѺӱߣһԺūŶˡطTſ޿ֺѾһ޶û£ԺǱȥˡ
طKطvûȥԺǰкк鷿£Ҳûүүλɵöүûˣūȥݸò裬үѴ󰢸ӻλ˵˵
Ǹĵūţȵүڵʱ;ľطTıڻλҲûģ˻طTı֪طv˾û취ŸģΪطTȥԼȰרŰ뵽ء
æ˵˵⵽ô°ϻϣٷҲʣطKɴдţҲطT̨ףܾôͷ䣬˵үǶܷһ
ǰģطK˻ǰĸоˣһ㶼⡣طv٣鷿ߵĳ裬֪ϰﺢܹŵĵطûźӵĶ౦һûУһ˵ӡ
һطKĻ̲סҡͷЦүΪūţū˵ӵ¶ȴүˣʰɡطTףɵöүүѰ
طvźһ˵һᶼҪģЩЦã˰ҪƼģ㲻ɡòźϽȥʲô¡һʲôǰˣүϰӣҲùֶǡ
طv̴֪ʲô⣬ľų˵˵۾ȵү⼸λүǣ͵ſܲʲôλȨϷ롣
طvô˵̾ˣ˸ͷԺǱȥ˲֪Լ֪˸жѲģǰطTĺʱʱҪһطTȥ鷳ģ֪ôճء
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ʲô㺰ʲôطvһסطKǰѺطTӹȥѣʲô´˵ӿ޵Ǳøմһһʲô˵ġ
طTͷ˲ñ˿Цȥ任˵û뵽ôһĹ򣬹ϾȻ׷ˡŭĽŵñźӵطvվסãʲôú˵أֿܹ
ոչ·Ϻ˵үүڣΪƭԼԼȥ鷿ѣû뵽ڡ߸ﻰҲҶӣ֡
⻰øүšطv˺ü䶼ûطT֪СǹˣֹҪʲôҲܣϰҿźӣǺүֻܽϰ鷿ͲǵøĵضҪȻȥɡ
طv⻰˵ֱӣһӶûô꣬ͷһԼϱ˸ϡɵǴСӵģҲܼ˲֪طT䣬Ҳֻȴūǻȥˡ
һߣطTʹ߳ˡ뱲ӲԸֵܣǰүȹֵлҪطvȥôճطT֪
طvָԼܵܰβ죬˵˵㣬Ҫóһı£ڵ𡣡˵طKˣ̶û
;űȥ˰үɲС£ߣүûãԭԭˡ֮үһǷϰû㶯˼ûϢӶá
ԵڶүϾͷֱ˶еȥˡǸӲģ˳ϴԼǵĸѺû
ֻ֮ǱҲ˵Ͽ¾͸ñ˺üءǰֻץԼطT겻ţڵҪʱֻ˵ˡȡֵüͷͶˡ
˵ʱϰҪѺ鷿˵ӻС̫Ϲأϰװ꣬һ仰ܲϰˣܺˡ
Ϣʱ˸ϸҺԺ¶˵ԼùܡֵϣʥԹʣͻݹ˵ϾöˣүԼΡ
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У°˵ͨ۵ţǰߵϢֻһڲʥּˣɲ㶵šԭͷȷǰȥ¾ˡϧϲϵǾûˣҵưɡ
ǰүһ׵ϸߵϰˣһ߾ôúãһ߾ʵûϢûǻʱԼҲʱϰ˽µСõİҲôһơɵȵүĶӣ˭ŶøӵİүڱŮ˴ˡ
˵ɣô졣үŹͷˣֲҪѺ߳ʱǲǵãͷ캢أûȵ۾Ͱָȥˣʰ⺢Ӷ㲻ˡع˴㣬»أҪźô졣
˵ˣүںϵĺûǸõľͺúùӣǸõǾһҲСһŰ¾޼ҵĺӡ
үĻūûܺøū췣ϱ£͸ѱģû뵽ͷôһӵԼ
ʼعأ˵˾Ҫϰտӻʼ֪ģź̻ڵãһƴ򵽻ˣ˵ʲôزصġ
Ĵ㵽޵ֵܣҲôšүһ˵һ߳ʢͷʢ׼õĿ͸ˡ֮˵طTĵ˶ˡ
˲ҪҲūŰϢȥĵʥŵʿˮԼʺϵҪԼôطvү˳ۣŪԼ
鵽һ˭û뵽ӹЩ㱣ⱲûôǱôģ֮ץطvô͵ˣôѹݻȥˣ
˵ˣϰ˼ҵײǹˡطvڰ֣˵ϰû뵽ԼڼʥЩ껹׽ֵҲû뵽ʥϻôһϰ˵·
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˵ףϰԼ͸֮䵽׻ѡԼЩ꾩ﴫү޼Ķ£Ҳȥˡ                        
շ˺ܾûûĶԵܵº֣ΪϾʱǰʮ꣬кܶϵûж񻯵ǸϣôֶܶξͲҪôˡ

һ

ү˰˸¼ֱƽһףľųǶˡ˶֪˸̱, Ҳֻϵƪ˵һ˵, ˭뵽үͰ˸ء
һŵùǰ˸ʵطTҲòĶȥ, ԼĸҲԼϸţԼ¶үһ־λεĴ˰ү˰ү̨, øж¡
˵𣬹ϲͱûýȥǸвסô, Ҹʲô¶׼ľ֪, Ҫ˵, Ҳǹˣϰ˺õʱմ˲ٹ, ںαΪһء
벻ҲڵİҶʶȵүʱ, Ҹ˸ͷͻС, Ҳ֪û, ͻȻ˵ýôڻȥ, ûӦҲеġ
֪Щ˸ϲԸ, Լ߲һ׹ҲǸӸճЩ
Ⱳľĳ˵ҲֻԼġһľڰĹŮ, ˵úǸ˵òǼ£ҪǲԼԼ׳ǸѹЩ
İǶǶǰϻˣ붼ǰȥˣڵҵֶݡϮͻȻϹ̱ݻؼңô˼һʱ֮ЩҲпԭ˻겻ѡ
ô¶߸ҸǶԽ˽ƽʱԸģӶһһͻƽʱǺӵģڵúܡ˵֪Ǹ˭Ը˼ʲôǷ
Ӵ߲ˣǰʯʣЪЪɡԼųǵ°ݷںɽ洦䣬֮󼸸ūź򣬿ɲˡ
㰡ǴװͿһ֪ܲ㣬ǺҰ¡ϵǶҪ˼ʵİ취ȥҲû٣û߶Զ߲ˡ
֪ҽ飬㲻֪ɣʥּ˵ڶ죬Ҿˡҳֽ밲ʵﻰ⻹ǧʵЩҡһ¾ͲԾƲƲ죬ڱԼúõĻܿЦһôһ죬ԼҲòĶȥ
ҸǰԹЩ鿴߷߲ƽӾͺЦˣ۵ĸˣſɫ˥أҶûĸʲô
⻰˵ûôЩȵүİͳ֣һһϰˡϰǱһؼëû֣ɲʣԼЫζһ˴ӶԼģжĽģжٵſԼЦġ
˰ɣٸ԰ڰ˵ǿֻ֣׽˲ſЩطvжѵã˵ǵһ㣬߶һҪҹƣ˵ܲٲܲٵү˰
˶ǳŷҲطvġڸЩ꣬Լһһں߸ţѵɢɢģ黹ϽѸȫ
˵ôһգ۾ûˣˡǰ߷ɽأȥطvطѹûȥŷͷȥˡ
æýŲմأطvû˵ʲôҲ֪϶£ͷǱ߾ͼ˭֪үҪء˰ɣʱûʲôãһ˯˶ඪ˰
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һ㶼û͵ΪӭλүǰĺүҲ׼ò¶ķɶֻ̳ϧʵûǻ۸ǰ߳طรżڣľͶˡ
ʯʯڰɽǸЪЪŵģطvطһ·ѰҲˣ˱ΧʯЪϢӰһ·ŵĲó͵ݲϵģɽܴŲľζ߷ͦġ
ĵطҲܲסǼħڣһݲ軹û꣬ǱǾʹһܵҹˡ꣬նλôˣɽŮҡ
ʵʵڵطvȥˡ꣬ɽǷŵؽŮɱĹòϡҪͷն˵˵׼Ůȥɽͷɡ
򵫴طûʲôĻʵʵŵġǰ˲ϹܣҲ׼ŵܴܵӣһ¹û
үĴ߰ôģնڸǰ㣬ʲôðطvǴżεֱΣϽѺǰá
ӰɣҪ˵ǹ㲮ûͷô꣬Ҳָˡطvһ˵ְ¶ططһԴӵۣҪǺǶڣǵӲɡ
ô㼸ѧһѧոƼոǰͦãҪҲȥһۿźԽԽˣ¹ھ˼ңҪ޵ɹȥôӶð찡
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ͻûТȻիԭڸһĶիˣ֪ǰˣǾǺøʣϱ¹ӻūţŷͦͦóԣڸﻹԵöЩ
˵ﲻԶһôˡɼܲסλү£˵ҪסһɮҲֻܸϽ׼Ժдˡ˵˵ɣôҪЪһ
ȲдĹҲһ죬Ժʲôȱֻ죬ҹɽҲʪ̫طv
Ҫ˵ʮһأʮʱòʮ߰˵ʱǰʹľֻҪǵźĶ첻۶ɡطvʮ־Ųʮʱоۣܿһ˯ڶû˶ֱΡ
ôֱˣֻڸǰźطvҲͭȥˡطvŲЬߵ߰£ǲǵõ״ëǱߴĶ
ǵð˲أҲûϡô᲻ǵãôǺö˵ΪŪЩһ·ϳǻ˲ٿͷû뵽ò˻ûˡүԽ˰ѶߵģԼûһۡ
߲̫ƽ˵ʲôʱ򻹵ôүѻӪŪ˵ʲôʱϣγΪ¡еβûãùȥһˡ
طvһ˵¾ҡͷҪ˵ʲô¾ǶءұܳһûΪʦѹӡ
ͣʮ꣬ʮûЩʦЩɢɢ޲ҲϵòܸɻˡҵұҲͣˣҪɲǼ򵥵¶
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ģ°뵽ˡطv飬ѵվԼ磬첻¶ܽˣϵҲǺõġȥϾǱ߾͸ҳ˵ˡһ²Ͷػһˡ
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ô˵ǾͻУֻҪǰһ˾ͳɡ֪ŵױ֤ԸȥԼҲͲˡ
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㼱ʲôѻ˵Ҳ١ס͵ûվȲˤϵȣŤͷ˵Ͻģô˵ˣүż
ظүĻСӵҪơҳ㣬ųҲûͲˣСǱ߻һſԺסľСӡ
Ҫ˵ϵ¶ôأÿҪһһӽǲģסҲû⡣ֻû뵽յСԺûһȭǶĴӶŶҹˡ
꿴ȥʮͣòͷɹǱߵģ˾Ȼ˳ۣŸĹӸûʲôǸӴģСԺ͸ŽǶã˸սžˣһʶģıӾͳ˹
Ǹ޴ģ˵þ͵ðһӡϧҲǴСϳģܹԹվŰأһȥһ㲻Ҫ˾ȻСԺд
˶ӣ¶Ҳūǲ֪ͻȻڳ˸켱ˡڸھסźŶܹҲ߶ʮһǰͰѱԼ߲ٵһž͸ߵˡ
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ҵģļҵİ簡ٵ󣬺ôûֱ˭˸񲻸ˡոպŵʱˣӦһġ
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𰡣оλϣǶҡŵ㣬˵Ժһءһ㲻ܻԼǿҪȢ漴ҲҲˣ
Ļ޲˺죬Ҳ˽ʰ˸ԼҰǻЩ֪ô죬ǳú˵طvˡ
طvĻǺڵġǲüϴҵģСҪûӦþǿӡɥ˾ͻȥֻӸھˡ
ӸүӳȥҲүӳȥԸȥؾطvһֲӶҵģҪ˵⿤ݼ˵ҪȢǣطv޲ðҰСӵƤ
طvͷϣȴܸŹҡ˵ǰӳȥҲ涯֣˺ȥġǱߺüţҲûǼոˡ
źȥʱ˵ˣԼǲüϵģҾСǻûֵôдأ˾ͱųȥˡּææߣǾ֪϶ԼҰ귢ˡ
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ǵոùܣطvûͷ, һ·ؾﻹ̲ס, ϳūŵͷװƣ߳ʲôװ
, û˵ܰһǰһţλүñȥ, ﻹ̲ס²ۺ޲ֻ䣬ʵܲһһէզˡ
ۻȥ֮, úһǵô¡ô͸˶, ҪСûĹ, ¸ξΣǺӼдһ, ǹ˵Ǿ͸ãǲǣ
ǿųĺ, ʲô, 䲻ǵ۸ڶ, Ҳ˾͹ŵġƲϵŽȥ, ֤¾Ͱ˸ʰˣһԼʰҲͳ, ܻԼлصд
ʲôǣʲôðⶼ˵ʲôү˵СӲУļҵүСطvھʹһʱ, ¹˵ʲôȥ
У˵ʲôʲôвСǳʶˣǰ˽ҲǵĻ£ϾǻСеõȣֻʱطvĵĿɻڿɺãױһʮСˡ
ǰĶٴҲȥﻹͦڣ˵֪ˣûʲô¶ոСģǺ˵ɫԵøˣҲ֪ūôġ
ǣרŽڷĺô˵Ӷۡͼһ棬£ûĹôͻôϸˣ˼ҴʲôӶˡ
㣬ʲôأҿǾһӣȥˣɱͷءģطvߵøɴ࣬˵вءö¸岮¸˵˵طvЩ˵һƨˣͷү
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СӼЦˣⲻǲҸȥôոūȥ߶Ѿ֪֮ԼϵľǴϵĴ
Ӵү֪´أ˵ողͦģ͵ҪȢˣطɹǱǣ䲩üϸúܣھɹү࣬ǼһطҲ죬˽ҲֵܣǸͦʵڲһˣû뵽ô󵨡
ү⻰˵ãֶô񰡡ͷովǸ󰢸绰ϻǶƼ˲ô˵ġֶĿǳϵģҪøϲֶ͸׷ȥˡ
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үץֶͷŰЦĻأһҲ¶ӣֶ°ֶŶţ񲻸ֶ͸üͷֶҵ
˵˵ǻô£Ҳ˼ó࿴֮ǰСɹүûŹˣҪܰСӸ©˰ٳñ־ͦβ˵Ҳݲãڲԭɹúڵʲôë
ǶֶԼ͵͵ģϻʮģơǸѵϲԼ£Щҹ㶼̫ûҪԼҲô취
аɣ°Ҫү˵أȻؼҵţֳʲô۶Ǳ߲ү˵֪𡣡طô໹Ȱ˰סҪµŸɹǱߴүһ˵һǱֱӸʥȢ²Ҳóɡ
׵ȻԼˣڻ֪ߵô˵طǵܵܰȺŪס˵ҲˣСӸ涼УҪԼȿǣ˵뷨Ӱո
үģֶ˼Ȼȥţȹ¹ˣֶǸȥǿŤĹϲסòϸģȻҪ֮
ط㶨ˣ˸طvһ㲻طvһ͵Ǹǰȥˣ˵ոǲС۸ˣŮֻҪͷͰСӸʰˡ
ûŮûԿҸأǹбԱԡǲϸ׵ģΪԼԿˣСֲҪ»лŮúúøȻȻ
⻰һطvֻǰڣʲôҸˣô͸ˡڵĻһ˿ǣûźӵ鿴ͷԣϽǰȻԺԼϰŰطvضԺ
һطv̲ס̧ȾͰѲɵԼǰĵӸ߷ˣ飬ȥүͲһëͷСܷˡ
ﰡڰūŶϽȥָ˭أҪǳţͱҺ˼ˡҲ㣬ˡ
һ·ȰҲȰˣҲˣû뵽鲻ëʱǵַˣܾصĶⱲӾ͵ģ˱˵Ǿǿ׼࿴һۡԼûСǴΣֵһģһ
ԼǲһԼǼǺǴĵȷҲܵȥҪ˵ģѺϹڸԺӾ
㣡ǲǹģҪүĻĵúܣطvŶ̤ȥջˡˣүǱķݶǿˣⱲûġ
˵ˣһطvþòãҲþûôˡж˾˰ˣ鵽׻ĳ˵ԣָĿĸ˳֪᲻ǲǡ
֪㻹үطvǸˣһææµµȫûӹΪ飬СʱΪ˳Ƿĸ飬Ϊݷ꣬˺ӣ͸ϣ溢ڷ絲֮꣬úܡ
㣬Ǹ㽲ǰطvѵʱ͵͵ĸԼ˵ʵҲñҲãûô⡣Ǹ̰ĵˣǱ컹ߵģԸԼһĶֵعӡֻ˭Ҫ˵Ķɲɡ
δҲ̫ˡʱѾǶ˵ˣϮľλھҲиۡ˵Сĳλϡ
ֻӶ˼Բԣǵûǿɲ֪¹ȥǣǲûĺӣµ˼
˵ټһ˵طvˣһֱѹˣͷԸϽͷŰ˰ס˵ˣ˼Ҽͣ˵ﶼѾаˣȱżȥ˵
˵ûţ־ûɣ͵룬»ܲŸõġҪţ㣬ҪҲظƱǾ͵ôӳвСӻСҪ˻úüأϸ溢Ӱѹأ˵òã
Լں庢ӣұȺپѶˡһֱûطvĿڣطvѸĵȺɬ˵ʲôζ
֪ԼЩˣɾ̲סҲףܹҪɼҵģʱһһͶԼҲ͵ͻȻʱȵүټԼһء
ԼʱĶܳˣһ㶼ûȵҲǵģ˵ҲһԼܡϧʱ꣬ԼҲûضȵ۵ǲҲ᲻öӡ
棬үɾֻˡطvȥֵ˻ֻԼģ˵Ҳոôģһ췴ίˡ
ͻȻôһУлҲûֻ§ˣ˵Щ黰Ű˸ЦģߵūûˣҲŸ˿
߸ͦãҲүططvȥػĲ˵طvһĵӹˡԼͷϣҲ²ƨɾͻڲʲôҪ¶ҪȻ˲˭ģ
㻹֪ˣҪ˵үƫأǷڱϣүͲ꣬»طvүͦıģϻ˵ŵܵܲףúúõĹŮͻȻǶˣ˭ﶼȥ
Ͽ߸ͬܵү˵үô˵ͲСˣ˵żˣҪкõܶȻðҿ߾᲻ùŮˣҪ˵߿ɲһǸõģôˡ
ϵĻүôô˵ԼģôŻʺ⻰˵Ĳֹ߰϶Ҫھǵģүŷ˵ТڣϺ溢Ѱ˼ңڶˡ
ţʥŲֹǾͲֹ¡ҲϣʩʩȻߣүһϯĥԼߵ˭ǿ㡣
үЦܵܰ²ֵܵܣ˭һġطvڵϴҲɴ࣬û˷䣬үֱ顣
ˣϽɣǶ˭ءүԸԼЩĵܵܶúܣ޶֪ˣҲ𼱣޸šȥ֮Ҫо˽¶ȹТٸӶסҪǲУ޸һҲС
⻰ү˵Ķˣطvٶ˵ʲôֻôû뵽ӹ֮󣬸ߵĺͬڣͼŴСԼҡ
ظ֮ȫǳԼ˦ӵģôôÿɵСӾһҹûۣһͳð˲ٶֱˡ
үֶ밲ˡ                        
շȻҪϰ࣬Ҫˣ

һһʮ

˲ٶֱзһžͳطvͷƨƨߵˡչҪ, һ, ¹طvǸҺߵūţͲ㱻ҭһûʹȥ
Լӵ¶Լ, ¸ҺߵĹܼҶ֪ˣ˵ѹŲŻɹŸү, Ҳĺ¡
ͲСһСɹŵĶ١Լλү, ԺůѵĶû, һ˵Ʋ, Ϲ֣Ҳľų, ŵȥɢɢš
ʲôɢĵģҪܼ˵ȥǵȵؽ绹ڳй, û뵽һγǻԵ, ȻϴĴ, ܼϲֱӷ, ˵Ҫɲ͸ˡ
˴˴, дˣܼҷҪҵԣһʲôܵĵطԼҲܸû뵽Ÿһ죬ʹˡүôֶ, Ǵүֶô۰
Ѷھǵʱˣһ˻ʲôԼҾλߵģԳСֶ͸ͷ׼ˡ⻰˵ûëҲûԤн컯
ô˵Ҿ;ԼҹܼĥߴסһŤͷҲûܲܽɣǲñ˴ˣˡֲɵ׸˵ֲЦˣԼ˴үܲ˺ȥ
˾͸żԶֹطvҲôҪҶԼ·ˣôͣĥߴոүеֱ壬طv˵СҪԼ͸Ͻ
طvɫѿҲֻûյǰȫңԼүСֶǣɲɵͽ͡
֣үſˣҪСӶʲô¶ء̬ڵõͣطvȴԸܡ׻ǴӣôҲû˵ūŵģ˵ԼСӿûô׽һģطvʹ
Ǿͼ·Ĺ򣬻ûطvѻ˵꣬Ҳ͵ſˡƤЦһԵңطvȷҲû˹⣬үĻˣԼ˳ҪΪ˿ͰѺӵˡɣվſڸүŰ
ˡطvһɿڣҾ͸ϽյطvߣҶһƨɼһȥүۺңүߵüֶҲûܸ˵ϼ仰صع밲ȫ
ú˵ͦģүװʵطvū˵ˣ˵ɹӳ񡣽һƣȷĶò嶼Ƶùȥ߹ţǸնġطvǰ飬϶ŵЦ͸ģطv۾ۡ
ү鰡մ˻úְֱүҪǲϲ۾ͲˡҼԼƤӱ˻ͦ漴϶ŵЦ鷿֣֮سطvһݣҼү
ǺųţһزɫӲϵḡѹ֣ϵμ򵥲ɰһǳϵİ㲻ڣﻹûʲôˡȫֻнߵѥ͸ŹҲɹǱ߽ʯϴͦ
طvε´ˣұʵʵվ±˴ġҪ밲ⰲҲˣҪȻȥɡطv㲻趼ûϣͺߡ
үôͿˮȰ֪ԼҪǲƤǿԼûϷˡֶ缸˸ôҲˣҪֶۡ
δˣôһ׼ûСһҾùܼҰѴȺܴĶȫˡԼ´Ų٣ܵ˵ǸӲӡ
ôϸƨˡССĽ߾һӲ󵫳ɫ治¼˺öطvһҲýáôҲûǵ¶طvһǰḡ˺ȥ
ү˵ʲôСֶТү쾭İŴүɫû䣬˹ūϵĲˮһƳյߵĸĭ۾գһ£˻Ŀһò衣
ȫǣҲû˺ӡ̽̽ڷ磬ֻҪǾʹԼлᣬֻҪлͲżԺȹڲҲûֳˡ
ֻߵʱ򻹲طv׽˵ү밲طvдһȥ
ŵϢոطv鷿ţʹˡԺǱߣһ˶ˡ¶ûϣطvôĻûǵǰŵòᣬ漴ͲŮˡ
˵ʵʵ˵ǲʲô¶ûУûǸ˵£طvӣǣϡʵڵ̫ʲô˶֪Ҹ˶֡
Ů˵˶ٴˣûУһĹ򶼲͹ˣǴ쵽ڿ챻ʵ䶼ˣһ¶֪ҾͲȻˡ˶Ĺ򣬺òϸֲģ಻װ
ǣģڸǰأҽûǶ˵ǳȥֻñżǹҽ㡣Ӻˬʴ󷽣ǿϲˡ
Ѿͷ֪ŪңﲻǵȲˣصô컹ǵ㰢ġ㰢˲УɲûⱲӴʱӶùѵˮȻԸҲԼһҸϲĵȻá
طvˣԺнӣǶү͵ģҲһºӲүϲǾͻˡ
ͷİɣʲôʱҰˡ˵ǲǡ˵ϹЩʲôʱǶطvʲô׼ģ¶ͳ˵ġ
Ȼվһߵģһ㶼û͸¶Ȼû˵˼ҳúòúڲڣʲôѴˡȵתȥ֮󣬺룬ǰﻰʳˡ
Ҷ찡㣬Сӵû˼Ҫȥ˵걣֤㡣ͱС꣬ҲڸﲻţɺȴѾطvʹˡ
⻰ʲô˼氢̽ҵĻˣǱܵôһʻе㼱ˣͼһ棬˵˼û˼ҪǶʣҶ첻ǵˡ
𰡣ܵܿǺĺ⡣ߵýƽʱȻ֪ҲЩۼôã¹ǲǼ޵ɹȥʮСǻʲ£ʱ˳ʲô֪͵ü޹ȥ
ǿңɺô֪˳ʲôݶԲԣҪǻһµܵȥǵָԼеĲһҪǽſԣ۾ͱˡ
Сǳ俪ѧʱֵѧ꣬ÿĶǸǺѧǵĸ鲻һ㣬˵⻰ˡ
˵ҶףҪ˵Ҳò⡣֪ΪԼãھҪ˵£δЩҪٿɣҲ֪ΪʲôҪǱ˼ٿʲôӡ
᲻Ṧĵ׾ʶҪӲãҿɸ˹һȥñ˭壬˵ɡ
Ժûһͷ˶ԺطvҲþڣ˻ﻰ˼ǾҲ廹Լ˵ҪԼϣͰոˣطvֱۡ
ƽĶԼҲûʲôǿ˳˵ʵҲ᲻Ůˣػ¾ǸҲ
ôͻˣأôһ֪ˣֻԼȥ˺ӽţֻڶԺ˻ûƢɣͿɲСˣϻô
Ҷˣ˲ñɨԺȥطvһǰͷһ仰صԶץԡʵطvҲͲʮЩ걻޲ţѰȦ׸⣬Ӱʵءܲסλʥ裬Ķ˶ûţҪǲˣΪǶʺһү
ǣø㰮˵˵Ů¶㲻żҼʲô֪ǸԼɴ಻Ĳ磬һ˦Ӿͻˡ
𰡣ʱүҰطvƨߵ߸ȥ壬СҿˣǲãǻٿǻС²żǲǡ
˵ǾͿ治ż鿴طvΪѵģҲŮ࿴ŮְѺӼ޳ȥͦζӴ׸ãԼûԼҪʲôϡͿˣô޹ȥģܰӹ˲Ź֡
ѵǸģ꣬ȺҪʲôӣôټҲ١Ļ˵öΨѺӶһ䣬˵طvĿȥˣͷ
ȵڶţЩĴûɫˡûһεľͳ¶ʱܣʲôöȫطvǰͣôһ£ӭת˵ȥú׼׼Ҫ                        
շɿϸ׵Ӵ~Ҫţȸ~

һһʮһ

ܼңܼң~ͷ~أϽĳ, ˶Ķȥ˴, 죬ˮүҪϴ, Ӷȥһ˰Ѳ÷̵, үҪѡڴһ仰һصԼ˾ͷ, һžҪϴҪ, һԺūŶӸˡ
ү, ϸϴųŵģʲôˣҲ, үھүԼͷ˲١ǰ²ȥ, ҲŵˡŲõ, ʮСûơ
ϴͲϴһΰ, ĶôϻڼûϷһ, Ǳ߲ԼʱԼнչԼ, ҲţϽȥⷿõʰͷõ
⼸¸Ѿ˲ٶǱȥˣֻ۱ֻ۶ֹסۡ⻹ûô, ˼Ҵ涼ûټһؾôͶҪԺ󲻵ð˰
ôҲүļҵūŵֻ˵¡ô˵ҲӦˡתӦԣתүˣ
⼸ҳ˴鷿طһûȥĸĭ¶һ˰ԲˣҲûȳʲôͻȻҪⷿͷǾͲһˣҪܼźԺģò׼Ρ
֪Ӧǳ˰ɡһ·ֻȥݼ⻰ڱôһԼҲûˣһ˼Ҿ뿴ءʱˣҲ˼ûް
ǣү¿Ц˿ô˵ģūѧһѧǴСųĺӣ֪ǶģҲܳ£ϾĴô˵ŵԣһܲôʣɾ˵ˡ
ūˮˮ׼ϴѵ׼ѵҲҾͰ¶ϸϸȫ˵ˡʵҲһ仰¶ܲס̫࣬߶߶߶߶û꣬һ··ȫ˵һ顣
ү۸ϽʰɣūͿⷿȥūŸһȥɲɵľͿˡСӵû¶浽̽ϾͶ¡
ⲻɵİ˵±͸úԺԼүǸڴƨɺߣҲ׼⼸ȥ鷿ĥҲû¡ҪǿɾͲһˡ
⻰̵ģˮ֮ûľͰԼһƤȥӶ˵Щǻ᲻ҲװҿЩүǣһնһǲǶǿڶ
ӶҸǰźõĴѾߣҴ꣬ԭǴŸҵͨѾͷġֻ߶Ը⣬˵˵;͸Ҹ˼ңųȥ
үˣ겻סÿδɹūŶעɹôڣԷ𡣡ʵھǴѾ˲٣ֻЩլүǣȷžʹ֡
Ѿôһ˵ҲֻաģûˣҴľͰվ󾵸ǰôԼôҲſһ¶;ûףµʱ⡣
ڻоϻ˵úã˿װ˵ҪѣȻūȥ˲÷¹ʱ乻ɣһԺūŶڣҪܰƵ֣ھڰɡ
ǱҵҲò˶١⼸طvǱĥ˸Ǻɻû˵ʲôȻǾҲ죬˴ûʹһΡ
ֻ֮˵ү밲͵ĶҲԺһ㲻ţȫǸطvġ˼ײ˵˿ϸˣԲǰ֣ᡣ
Ҳ̬ȣôô˳۵طv˵˼ǰŵʱſײңıӰϳ˭˵ļ仰Щá
үĲ³ѾˣֻسҪ׼ĶӣͲôżҪҪȵ꿪ȥԽϸ׼Ա֤ԼŵʱⲻӰ졣
ר˱ģȵǰ˵꣬˰컹̲סôҲˡһ֪׿϶лҪ˵˼䡣
Ҫ˵ôءȻھǴŵʱ٣ζϰ߻ƫɹǱߡĳٺóԣҲܲסڼԡ˵Ǹģɲľųй䣬ɽ¥ȻҲ˴ӵˡ
˵ľųԹܣҲײġȻɽ¥Ȼͷ˹ˡڳ׿λɹԻ˵ִӲ棬ôţҲûȥʲôؽ硣ɽ¥Сģ˵˾Ǹҽͦõĺӡ
ײ֪߻бĹϵȻʲô˵ʲôһӶûţҾǸͦʵеɵʵһС˵¶ףһطvߺðΣžҲҡ
ǰ˵֮ʹ󷽷ĿҪ߿ǧѾ߳˵һնٸ취طvͷȻðزϻĴһܣֻڶԺ߿
үǶɡһطvͳˣ˵˵ʵǽȥˡطvǺ϶еԺǵǸʲôУܻЩġ
ʲôһӵĴ£Ҳúúÿؿɲ֮ǰȥ鷿һô򵥣веĲ˵ҪҲġ
⻰ûǸӺõģ֮ǰ밲ôãͲЦˡϾ˼ҲǿӣϮĿλûԼҲĶȥ
УūŶġ˵ûã˵ǵ£ǴĿˣ±񣬲ԥԥֻ
ûˣʰԼѹܼ׼ػضı飬ȷûٶȷʧ֮󣬾ʹūˡ磬ŷӭֱզ࣬˾͵Ǳүϳ硣
˵ʵڵģԭǲµģϾҲˣ򶼴ˣһʲôɼܲסⲻŵҪϴ˵Ժ˵㣬ôǸģ֪ǲ̫Żôģһһ˶ˡ
鿴ǰøɹһңûһڲȫôԼȸסˡһǾûôõĹմߴһƣʵûסһֳˡ
һЦܲסҶ⣬һ֪˭һ¾ȫˡ³ɫӣֱ˸
鿴ľ࣬ԭܵطv˾Ͳ࣬ʢʱʹǳϵġ¹ܴöЦŽȫµƤѥ֪˺ѽˣòÿһ߰ɡ
طv֮ǰǸ˶ֻǿ׵ͷҲϣʲôʵʵʲôֻûԼ׿ʲôɫ
Цּ֮ƣƲȥ粻˵ôҲܳƵϸ֡նʵĻܺܿʹϵҲʵʵ˵֪֮ͦ˺øеġ
ԭ˵веߵҲ֪ǲǿԣһֱûʲôǸ֪ʶȤģſˣ˸ͷ˵ߡ
ֻʱԥԥװѲͲСó˵Ǹģ˵ͰѶһˣҲܺﴫĺôЦ
ˣɡǰ춼˵ˣ۴ûƹˣǲźһ߳Ǵ󷽵ĹﵽҲЩ˼ǻܴסûܣ㲻ˡ
նҲûƼۣ˵ôá⻰һϾ֪ǳˡǲ⣬˵ôãǶ࿴Ƕܲˡ
Ȼ³ˣȻ͵õطv⡣طvһתư죬ȥţڹҲĲɵġܿ仰һһģ֪¶طv˵ҲʡôҲ¶ϣ˸ͷɽ¥Էȥˡ
ɽ¥վУطvڰĴ̨ƣ±̨ǳСҪԼǸʲôˣֱ㶵ĵţ֪ĻΪǿ˼Сء
ȥЩȥطvųϷСͲԼŮʵ˵ǰĸǾһһ£ںСٵͷ֪ôľﷺᡣ
⸸Ůɽ¥̨Щˣ˵úͷ¶ڷԣϺŮǻýô˱˵ֶŵģһƣСѾͷҲû˺ȹ
Сòǵ˼ͱ˸ߵȥˡڻܰ׬ڷԣҲ㵱Ů˴˿ޱȴĴһ;С궼׬ŵӣϲøŮطv߲סĿͷ
û˼ɽ¥Ҳû˼ûסˣųɽ¥ߡﵽʲôطvҲ˻ȥ˸Ż˶ԺһſϲЦտִŵγԼЦģ֪Ůˡ                        
շ쿧ȺȶˣеΣǧǵÿȱ~

һһʮ

ˣĶȥˣطvһ涼û, Ͱ˶ȥʵˡү, ϽĸøɣвеĽܵи˵
, ȫҽĶʯȱѾ߸ʰ, ҵʱءⶼСģô
ô¡Ҫ˵ЩɹүǮ, ôֱҲټ, ͷ, ˵ʱ˲ʱˣȥ˶ǲٽءָָһͷ淢п
, ˭ˣ˵, ôЩʯ, طvҲڶǲǲ, ûԵӡ
ʮĺ, Ҫඨ԰˵ʮʱ»˼ء궼ͳҪ˭ô߰磬ż˰˵µŮͷ, ǶҪġ㲻ôӶ㿴ۣǾѾǿöˡ
ǸãϽ͵ȥɣʡĿŰ, ռططv£һûҲٶūŶȥ֮˾Ŀֱ˿÷ëʲôֱ˵үܵס
һ˵ܵסҲǶûָƹˣҾͦõģָָ֪ϣҴŮԼףոոҵͷ˵Уô죬ɡ
֪ǸʲôطvҲܵýݺݴ˼˰¡УТﲻãд͵ȥǸɹǱͨ¾˽¶ˡ
׼ˣ㿴ɡ͵仰أ˵Ͱ׼õóˡ֪ﲻʹ죬ôԶ¶ǲŶ󰡣Тڹ껹ö׹뺢Ӽ˻úء
Ŀ˵˭ףطvǲþҲǲ˶°ɾǽܣܾһˣߺǾ͸Ŷóɼˡ˵˵ӹö죬۰ǰүŸոһӹתۺӶҪɼˡ
Ҫô˵ҾûȰˣǼ˽ž͵Ǻ£ôһ˵پҲСˣǲǣ˵̲סмǣ𿴺СʵһգҲͳˣǵʱеá
û˵꣬ͱطv죬ǲǹģ𣬱˵ˣⷳ˾үô̴үطv˵첻˵㶼û治СүûΣūȨûĻƵͷ㶼ȥˡ
δѹδŮŲû⣬Ͻİź֮ǰ׼õһͻȥȥءôôˣ¾ס˷ҪźȾȥ
ܼҿԼүҲˣüһֱڿǱߣûôڸĺȥڱˣʥ׵ܵܣҲʹ졣ںˣû׵һӣܶԼ˵Ҳү컯
үûôͷܳͦˣ˸űֱɽ¥˵ˣɽ¥ļŶƤҾͺһڣûϹأҪ·ˣɲ񫡣
ϧϵ¶ôɣһûɽ¥ſײͺˡͲСˣүûźӼ鷿߻ӡȵүڵʱү˲־ʲôζȻԸöһ
˵ԼȲȵүûôҲڣܺúðѺɸģͲˡԺڵ˸յľľڹ﹬үȰ£ǻģġ
ѵпգɲżܵܳһ档û뵽ԩ·խģȻɽ¥ſڸˡʮĺӣطvǰã˽ҲڴӸǰװˣôأҪǾͶ˶ˡ
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գ󰢸ſվŸأҪүȥ¥¥ǰ곤۵ĵطүүүҲˡɽ¥ı˶֪ˮǴõòˣ¥İ׻Ǹ˶ãӲӽðɡ
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ӿˣҲǳ͵Уѵɵú֪ԼܵһԹҲ̫ƫġԼλ˿ŷ⣬ʵ㲻
лĻʲôʱ벻˾˵̸⣬ΪٵĽˡ˵ԹģҪÿơ߶ȰֻõȥԺ˲ٺþƶǵططvôµģǺöҿĹĵĺϵľ̳ӣ֪϶㲻ȥ
ǰСӣľ㺣ҲиƫԼͣ¶ɹŲԭδҲû١̳ӾǶȸɾˣҸ첲ͷва㲻ãһ·ɹȥŪҡ
һֱ첲ﱧŶˣַֻ°Ϳھ̳ϺҵͷֻѵĺͣǿȥߺŵūţūŰѸӸӻȥ
¶֮󣬶طv˵ǹϴһڼ˺üŻ֪֮ͨ˻ˣǰ˺ľͶˡ
ڹﱻүүǴȤ䣬Ҳ£ͦ첻ߵүүʱո˼࿴ôˣ㱻үĵߺ
ӹ˳ģȻҲ͹ÿ죬һ͵¡ȥ̫ң»ʵǻһ꣬үǺųˣҲúֻ֣лʼҹúˣܰ±ٹٺϰյġ
үǰ׼ˣܲУĶҪȦܵٸĥĥүϲ±ЩֵԳūţ˸յǻǻûü˵ھͶĹˡ
æľ񸮣үæýŲմأ͵͵ʮŰүۿŶ˲١үæ㣬Ҳͣ
ϱݻңطTҲôֲˡտʼطTʥּүҹܣֻϾȥʡүҲֻ۱ֻۣʱ˹ȥ͵㶫ʹʡ
ڰʲôðһߺü˶УԼ춼ҵøʲôƵģͻȻộǾ͸ˡ񵱼ҵǹϵֶʵܲ˰͵ġ
±طT֪֮ڸ﷢˺ôƢݶٽӻǾǿּµ˱үصıأѹĴѹطTʵûּʱ
ֲĿٰʵû˰취ŽүүͷطTڳԼ԰Ӻ߻˸ԺӳǶȥˡ
ǽ̸ֵܼЩ¶үæ¶ͦ˳ϰ˿Ŷ˳۲١طTԹûºģүǰ˸߿һۣԴ˿̻ϺԺ
ֻϧѵ˳⣬ĵòЩʱ߾м˵ǽף±ߵѧˡ                        
շӰܾ֮ûӦøȻһ㣬ǾͰٿɡ
  ȻĻ˽ڶ~ôôոλ~
  pssϹأۺ~

һһʮ

ϾҪˣҪֵͦ±߲ʱͱүʹ졣ĵĶû, ¹ǵܻܵū, ſڵϲ̧ͷ¶һүƼɨŷβ
Ϲٳ͸, үյǻãϹԱ඼ȵүĸ, ݡ֯Ƕܻʶһһ, үТ߲̫ʱˡû뵽һ, ҪǸЩԱûϵ, үôš
ûʲô£鱸˲˾ƾ͵˻, ȴȵȲҵȵȲ, 춼, Ҫ˲űūǷŽ
ô°ˤˣԴүǻ֮, ֵ㲻üȮҲƵˮǴ, 鿴ȽŲôģû뵽ǰʲô¶
Ц, үС뱲ˣܴˤˣҾˡطvڰְūǶϳȥȵʣˣŰѽĵԭԭ˵ˡ˵ⲻҪµ, ʮһµʵס˲ű֪ûˣ֪ĻΪǹġ
֮ǰʥϻ۸缸ƿ׶˭ͷһأѡָҪҪλϷŵġڵãԾͳôӣүε÷졣
ոĵү˺ôĻôЩֵ׽׽Ķʵʵڵ˺óһѵ֪ү𣬱¹ʲôĻžǣԼүĲ࣬ߺҲѶˣ԰ѹǰߵȷǸʰ˸̨׶²ꡣ
ô찡ҪˣѵȥϰƾٳҲϡ棬䱾оһ˵˽ЩH¾͸˵ˡطv˵ģһӦүƢھ½ȥɡ
ǲڣѹˣ˵ʲôù˵طvڰ֣ոճ·ԼطҲֹ˼䣬ʱͱ϶ǵסʱ򣬵Ҳ϶и»һĴ㡣ȺͱȵģĵǻһûôǣЩϲ޵ܹȥŹ֡
ջ˶ͳۼûǣȥɡڽϸЩ˵࣬طvһǣȥˣҪ¶
Ӧɡ벻ڰ˵޳Ĺóŵˮô򵥵¶ұطvϣҲҲطvЩԼҸϾڽ⣬Ϊʲôô˳ҳô̤ʵĿɽȥۏǻˮ
ͻȥһˣ̤ʵ˵˵ᣬҲǴȥһˡѲ⣬һ֡˵ô࣬ǹ뷨ȥ°ɡ
Ҫ˵أһʾʵˡطv츩صԥ죬㻹ү°˵֮õ˲࣬ݹãѹסȺ϶ľ͸ˡոڹү͸˵˼үŰɣ²ҵĲ¡
⻰һڣʵûס˸ۣ⻰˼𣬻ֱ˵ĲءطЩûɱģ˵˶ЩֵֻЩӲĲ£үôȥ
ǣⲻǻû𡣡طv˵ԼҲе飬ǺôסˣһҪȥϣ߾ֻʣ˰طvǲ°£ֵܣд֮Ҳ濿һӡĲǸˣֵǵľλûҪٽһɻǲɵġ
ֻЩ¹ȥĶ˵ǴΣطvûаһӾǵʱڻûֻһ룬طvЩ᲻ˡ
ţȥɡͷ¶Ҳ࣬ǱߺЩҪ׼Ͼڲæ𣬻Ҹ϶࿴ŵ㡣鵹ûʲôһôˣҪֿܷһҲҲû
ķӦطvļֱر𣬡ôԽԽûˣү㲻ϰߣ㵹ãͲүǰɡ
֣ʲôطv˵˵߾ûôأְѸмСƿ˶еȥˡ̣ȹ˵˵˵Т꣬ʵҲûôϸ
Щ˼ҹ˰͸Σүعصģ꿪ҲҪѡˡĶУǵһֱţһҲɻ䡣ȵ꣬ﶼѡˣԼȻҲͲһˡ
һүҪأطvǸ첻ߵĵ׶Ҳòˣ˵ТѹֻҪүվڸǰǾ˭Ҳס˵ˣˣôС
ϧ̫ʱ˵鶼ˣ⻰һɫͱˡʲô˼Ҷ˰³ʮţʹǰɡ
ǣү˼ôˣү˵ǰɣô磬˵оСҪ˵;أԽ˵طvҲʼ
ɵߵҪǷŲģطvɴษͰˡͲͲɣ¶˵ɡõڶ첻طvôô鶼û˻ضͳ
֮¶һ㲻֪ҲͲġҲȺֵףĵλүߵʲô֪ľų߸óԳԸúȺȣ͵Źˡ
ҽǰ˼£һֱپûȥɹǱҲûߡֱʵǲòˣĥĥʰɹȥ
ȥ֮ǰ˻ߣٳǰͷһһִ˲ٶϴɽ¥߸ȹһغݵ֮󣬺ڴ죬֮֮û˾ɺޣ˵ö׽ԼźȶپƵǻС
ⲻҸһţͱˡô°Ҹ˵˶ٴˣ϶ҰͷôˣүǱ߻Ҳˣôĥߴˡͷһμҽأ
ŵĴ಻٣ӣҪطvǾȥ鷿Ҫطv˰ѶŷҲˣĶмһ֪Ǹǵģŷͻ͵ԺǱȥ涼ûټ
󰢸Ǽңǻʲô֪Ȼߴòſү㶼ܷŹҲǡɹŻţ˸ģüҳֽǸҵġ
ȫԶӵĶǶ֮Ҫؾصģ£ҪѿսЩÿźӲסоͷҲǿˣżǰһʱǧøḡ
ǣ˵ʲôʲôﻹҽԺӰﱻ˵Ļֱ۶˰ȿ˴Ұͷʲôʱ˵׼
ǣ˵Ҷ˶ţҧҧŰﻰ˵͸Ҷˣ˼ӦҲףĵҲСǶһֱûӦû׶Ҫȥ˵˵ôһ仰仰ĶУһȥҲġ
Ū°УˣȥŰɡ껨˶˼¶ǿġһھиۡɹſӣԼǧ˳ģĹү˭Ŷ⣬ȻҲԸ˴ǣߡ
ҵĹǺﴫ֮󣬽ЩɵҪ˵ֹӣǶû˵ɺɰƽⶫЩΪˡ
㣬ҪպϴպϸϽһ˾Ҫɹˣɲ˼ĶǸûصʲôȥһƣüڼСģԣ϶ĵġ
ôպϰôպ϶ᰡСʱŮѧǱĶУŮ治УûǸҪѾһˣ
𰡣˼ҾҪģѾô¡˵ˣ»ءԺ׹أ˰Ҳǲͨµģ˵ﻹû׼ˣɸöĺͶˡöʲôԼŰɡ
úãűϾŮӼҼҵģһǾͱƳˡ˵ڶվſ쳤ӵţϳʱſ̵Ĺ
󰢸ôˣźģһǲǴԸⰡû£ûҲû£ĵľˣûжν˵ô˵ʵʧѾزסˡʪţôô
ûûûУжôûС°ŰѶĺɰͳĵҪüҽǱҲû׼պŰɡ˵Ҳתˡ
ҿƬһĺɰû˵ǺòϣʵƣҲûɫôţӶչһˣӸŮ췽ǹǺ
ֻòõĵֲҸˣƬҲðؿڷţһ·ϵЦⶼûͣ                        
շڵˣҸоҺþû˫ˣ
  Ϲأۺ~ף尡

һһʮ

һ굽׸Щһӵʵ۸統ʵۿɲһ¡ӹ֮, ĵôطv˵ʱ, طvҲ̲סп˼䡣
Ҫ˵ǰЩֵͷѪأȥϲȥǾ治һ, ںƼ˰ɣǰһ𡣡طvĻҡҡͷп
Լǰ߿ʱ򶼾Ż, 緢̫ӣԱ, ˵ʲôһƽšгҲ߲, ʥ˺ȶ˰Ѻͷŵǰִ, ŵ´ľơ
ǰпͣƴ̫Ӻֱ껹Т, ö¶ܰ죬ҲֻȺͿšֱ, ˵ȦҲû, ֱ˸ûҲû̫˼ǵ, Ҳô°ɡ
̫һһסع칬, ˵Ҫ֣ׯᣬ֣ׯǱ߻ûʰ, ҲֻȰڹȵ۸ռݱүʥּ̫Ϊ̫ȻҲͳΪʾʶƵǱҲع칬ˡ
һ, ǰǾǳҲ˳̫ӷ֮Ҳû͵شһƣɫǻС
ֻ֪ǾͲ˻ʵڳΣǶ࣬ҲЩšҲ֪ô˵ϱߵĻʺҲòĶȥϯԼ˼ۣμֱϬ
԰Ҫү˵ػϽᵽ֣ׯȥʱ¹ûµҸڶȥҲסھƤ»ƣҸͷѡյطvۻϼҳѿһݽһ߸鳶ƪ
ʱѾˣ˭ż˯¶еã˵үǻ׸ǰһҲΪǸ統ʵۣǲ첻ȥܰڼҹꡣˣհѶʰʰ˵͵óһˡ
Ĳ£ô˵ױ̨ǰѾ߸ԼжһطvĻپʹԹ֮ǰ˵ʱȻʲôãҪôɴࡣ
ǰʱ˵ˣǻûôؾ˵Լ˲þˡ˸иĻɲүһˡ
廹ùžᶽһ̯϶߲ϰ˵б£ʥܷȥϣǳʥϷˡߵľͲˣȥֻԼġ
Ͳæˣ¶Ҳ٣㲻ҲȥǱ㲻ˣŤͷˣ᲻ÿ϶᲻õģĻǵġϹٳˮˣԼ⺩ȥ˲ûãٰԼߡҪҸһȥɡ
֣Ϊءطvһ⻰һˣŵһźūŲһƨɶȥүɸ˵²У˰ô꣬ʲôʱ˵Цʲôʱ˵طvֵóԾ涯˼ˡ
һ̬ȾͲôˣٷ䣬ǾȻСȶˡ꣬˯šǻ²꣬ĺӾطv񵱳˵ǰѺ裬Ҫǲġ
ӴϹŮˣô˯ˣŮˣطvϽѺӱߣϵˮûüɣ˵̺Ҳ
֪ո˾밢ˡСʱطvú˯ߣڴǰѺӷŵ᷿ȥˣֻҪ˵ʲôʲôһŲá
Ŷ~밢˰ǽϸͶ˯òáǸСӣСͱι׳׳ģطvĺӣ˵ƫˣͦһү˵ҲװģūŶֱƤ
ãһ˯·ľԼ꣬ġ˵ʲô˯ŰԸˣСԴͷ˯ˡ
ӶˣҲץطvֻøԼҹŮ˱ѡ·طvʱûݺһѣ˳˵
¶˶û˯šһֱ˯ߵļ˯ˣطv§ϸ˵ǱʥϴúȥϵĲ£˵׼ʲôʱ͵ýȥ
ȥ鲻طvĻôôòɡôʰΪʲôطv˹ͼطû˭֪Ǻõط˭Ӯģ
˵ôɵˣʱӪˣʥܰⶫ߰˵˺ͻڹһӣõطѺʱĵط͡ո˵ʱطvҲͬܡү׽ֵܸǾͲһ¡
ޣô˵ҲˡĬĬ²ۣүҲӲĵܵҪܷźúõȥѶֵˣⲻǰһ𡣡
Ϊءطv׼²٣˵ԼŹ֣ǾͲˡҪǰˣʥܵҵ㶫
ҪʲôǻСȵ˵ʱҰҲòˡǹҪˣ׾λߵá֮ǰôãڶȻ͵ŮúԺ¶ˡݲͣطvҲԸŮ˼Ұء
аɣҸոҲһʣȻǾġô˵ˣ黹ôءֻģңǱҲġȿ˴ﲻҪ𣬵ʱҰѿͼ͹ȥ֤춼ֺǡ
Ǳոʽ˿ҲûĶʱڣӶβˣ˭û´ľڲͬˣүľųҲûʲôѹԼһͷҪ̫ӳиԺӰԸҸҪô׼ʰԺӣҪô׼˭Ҷûš
˼һСС˵Щл˭ҲȤ˭Ҳ÷ˡŮ˯˵ĺҲ˯µһô֪Ĺˡ
Ȼ¶ˣүǸӣԸճʮ峯ϰ¸̯֮ûطv߾ͽʥּҪ·Ҫģѩûֻͣ׼߹ٵû׼С·ȵϴʱϽϴˮ·˵ʲôЩ
֪֪ôˡȥɣôķ磬˵绹¶ϽȥɡγŴŹ񣬳˸үҲ˲˸طvһ·ϻۣͦʲô¶
طvվſԼɴֱ˽˸ţŹˣطvŵͶ󣬿Ŵ϶͵Ц
ǰû˵£ƼǲͬЩطv¶µõȺСӱôԼطvЩɵСǶûϣ˾Ȼˡ
طvһӾˣ͸ǰŴһģһߵʱ򷳣ֵǡڸﺢӶ࣬˺첻ôżңкپͼСԼģûҲͻˡ
طvűȵʱڣ˻û˺üˡÿκŹﶼ͸ŹĽ˵͵üķŻɣô໰˵𡣡
ȥȥûл˵֪ˡˣʮĺ߳ȥû̫书òõĺҲӣ͸Եóˡ
ӣûۣôǲϲˡʵ˵׵˼Ҳ٣ܾúӻ̫СˣļҶûӦ
ڿŶӵ飬С״پˡɲǣҲǹңҲûضȥһ߻εһٴʲô
ûûУе¶ֲɵԼǸʲôúܡԼôֵǣԼµĸû˰ԼҶ¡
ԭɲͲᣬҲûʲôȤʵǼܲסԼûʲô¶Ӿȥǰˣ⼸˵پβУȥ
˸ˣҲĲ¡ȥԺ鿴һɲȥҲûʲôҲֻȰ·һߡɾ͵Ҫ¸ȥʱˡ
˴֮㿪ʼѡ¶ˡүĶһ־ùǶĺ͸ʱҲûֵС˵ӦһǺڲһ겻ĺӣүû£ǲǵҲô°ɡ
Ҫү󹬣żżĻǺ͵¡ŮһϾͰѼ沶нΪ࿴˼ҡ
ǿɶǺӵӣ¿ɵġѾˣ¾͵鼸æҪ˵ҲţNСˣҪкʵҲ
ͦģɺNȺﻹСЩڶӶûҲ֪ҸʲôĹԹҲżǴϾͲż⻰Ҳ͵Է磬Ҳ͹ˡ
ʲô¶ܲסԼԭͥŮῪͦãɺͲ֪ôô磬˽밲˻ܷŹ𣬻ǼסӲߣСûкġ
طv֮󣬺;ͽ˹æýŴô˼ЩɲҲĿû뵽ſžͿ֣ͦ࿴ۡ
ΪǶˣҲչȥϸƣ˼ңƷʮ塣ǵЩ͵ո϶ţǲรǻԡ濴ˣҲͷ
𣬶ᣬǧˡӾǿһô¡һҪѻϽַⲻϲаһ˶ΪǺߡ
ʵڱƵòˣͲһһҧĬɱңŰ¶ͱԭĲǺͣǺǺЩӾͿ˵ġֻҲ֪˼ҹͣû뵽ͽѡˡ
Ա߱ǿֵģû뵽ûɣԼͻȻˡ漴ҲסҴæǳظˡ                        
շ˽裬˽ɽû˺~

һһʮ

һţӾʹ, ô˵, ǱҪʲô¶ɾ㰢ʰɡཻô, ʲô֪ģȥ, ɾͲһźˡ
ʶ۽, Ҳտ, ֪ȥ;, һʮĴСӶ㶼ûض㣬۵컹, ⲻ˵ˣҪû˵ֳʲô, Ҫء
ٸϹƶ, ϽĳȥѺ, ʲô¶ǧ, ѺųôԺźˣҲʲôҪ¶ֻҲȰ, ˵طv߰أڹ˽ɩӵĶտˡ
Уȥ˵ʱһ𰤶ٴ򡣡⻰˵ǾʹˣݳԼҰ, ˭Ҷһָͷ
ˣƤӣϽȥɡϲŲܶˣǹѺӸϳȥ֮󣬼ѻóϸҪҿﳤ治˳ĺ٣ֻǲʹ˵
űȺ꣬ǲ¡ϽӹֿǼЩƷǲ̫С˵ûӣ˭֪ǰ϶ˣӸݵǲ̫á
ٿɣһءԼϺ۵ĲףܳɾòЩ͵˸ŮͲСҲִźӵ¶ˡϵ̫׽ܲסҸ࣬黹治һƽЩ
ƽϲƽϵ˵ŵĺھצˡ磬Ҹ簡µܵܿɾ͸һ˵ˣپ֪أôתͷͰѵܸܵ˰
ǲǣ۰ⲻҲû취𡣡ҵĺľ굽Ϊʲôýָͷ붼õ˵ˣҪ˵ף͵Ǳȥֵܻˣ
͵Ļ˵е˶ˣ˵Ŷ󰡣ôͰȥѡȥˣû׼ء濴˼ˣҲһжûУ˶֪ôλ
ʮˣСˡ͵ǾͦǳʮСû뺢ʸ֦Щ͵ȥһˣӳҲ˵˼ҰȱǸҸʶ˵ˣǿ϶͵ð˸ţǱôɡ
ô죿裡ֵֹû취Ѿˡû׶˵ʲôҪźһȥȻһţͷһѾӵͷ
ﱧͷǰֻ¶ͷȥԼҶⲻҪһȶˡлú˵ɲɣûɱģǣǹˡ
㻹ҹͺ߶㣡һ·ԽԽϴξ;Ųû뵽Сӻˡ¶Ҫûͱƣʮ꺢ӵĿָʲô¡
նŻˣҪȿŰɡֱ߶㣬ĵŲֵһͦǱ鲻֣黹ѲˣҲźӡ
һһ߳˰ǸϽȥʱܣŰ𡣴˺Сǣ˺ͣǿɲｻûûˣ˶ЪЪȿڲ衣
ҲûСб±ԼǷҪŶⲻǲõӣֻҲ̫Сˡʮ֪˼ҹˣ
նҸһ󣬲Ҳ𣬸⻹ƫءЩûԼҵնĵЦģʮ겻СˣǸµģֻҪûпϵĹͿ¡
һ𡣡ʶۣŮӣЩҲܵסԿأڳȥǰǰү󰢸ĺţһƮˣô졣Сӵǲ£±˼ҹ˿
кŮ治һ£ԼҸǺͼǣǱ˼ҲҲѺӿñһڲˣȥ
ô˵Ҳֻôţ˵˵ûû¸ز󣬿ɵʱҲǹԹԵĻظ߹ҹҪȥ̫Ƕ㣬ɺͲãһ磬Ͱͻˡ
ӻˡû˺ͺǣЬĥ˲ĥĥһ黹ǰͨһʵʵˡ
֪˵˵ɣ˭ҵĹôʶģʶˣʲôʱ˼Ǳ֪֪£֪֪︮£żʲôʱ˵ʲôʱꡣ
ʱŻҰѶԼ˼ҸˡϮĲ죬ٽײߣҲеҡǼҾһŮ￴ϵıضҴ
ûߺͷڵǰŲŲǰͰ͵̧ͷ飬Ӿ֪Ĳ죬ҵģǱֶ֧Ӷûȥ
ҲǶӣԼʲôԼףҪǴȥǸҵĸ񣬲ԸⲻԸ⣬ǶֻԼˡﲻǿˣǰĵ˼
ģҪطvڣ϶ȻӺϡࡣϧڿɽڰ㲻Զף˵
ȿڲ裬˵ｿｿŲݵǰӶ飬ȥ붬ǻӸͺNſˣʹ˸棬Ҳ֪ô£˼ˡ
˼ҹؾشӳ̲ܲסƯģʵۣɲͻλ˺Ӳ˸ҹﲻ֪˺û֪ˡ
˵˵㰡ô˶ûңҪû£ðź˵ģŶӵĻûʲô¶ҪǺͣһﱻӣô졣
鲻˵û£һ˵Ҳ£׻Ǹӣû˵ڣˡҲǹģҾǿͻû˵ˡ
˵ݵ˵˵˰Ҳͬ⡣߸նң֪ܳһ뻹ΪҪԼҰ겻ɿڡԼſϸҵĹŮ˵ǵЩ
𣿡鿴ŶӣʡԼڴô꣬Ҳŵڵĵ¹׻˹ӣǶˣҲˡǷ֮ƷĲǵЩҲǲС
Ӳ⣬Ҫ⣬Ͳ¸ߺˡͷһ뵽ۿˡǸҹϲȥ󣬶ӺüζǱߵȵˣҲֻҴӶ¥͵͵¿
~ԼСӻиպԣ濴Ŷӣȷ˵ﻰŻ飬ɣ֪ˡдŸ㰢ȥôҵø㰢
ǡһеϾЦģǣǱô찡һ汻ӣϰµĲġ
İɣ»ʺǱҲ֪ˣ϶ð˸šȻȥɣһ㣬ʱʵ㣬׼ǻûС
ıȺԶͺӽѡ㣬ܾܿΪ˸ϽӺ˵˼ҡ¾˼ҼʵѾ˽˵ˡ˵ʲô̫磬Լס˺˵ɡ
ﲻСһһ㶼֪Խϱ߾ԽůͣȵݵʱطvӴ멶סһ͹ˡ
طvγ˭Ҳûţ˰ĵ֪ȥһ·ɰΧ۴ҪľǸ˳͢ˣðЩѧǵġ
طv˴γղԼֻпľλ¹ų󲻴ǶͨĴһشССĹԱܱ߽еϺŵģˡ֪֮طvҲż£ֻ֪
ûȥֱݣΪϸҲ֪Լˡ˵˵ɵô£ֵôСӲҪˡڴôطvҲˣʵûΡ
үԩūˡԭҪϵݣɼܲסݽ֯ŰͲʵȵүĸ購˵һ֪ǾѲʹҲùԹԵͷ
߿డҲףл˵Ҫ˵үүֱȥ˰طvԹСӴСүʲôطvһ
⻰ҲֻЦЦطvҲطvλү͵˳ëۡүūŶˣЩֳ¶Ǯ£Ӿ˵ȥ͸ɴףﺢ;
ǿɶǴ󸻴֮ң֯ҲѲϵЩ˼ҺüݣȻ˵嵽˭˭ҵˡطvһ̲סЦүͿЩ˲˳ۣͲͷʰˣû뵽ûȾǳ֣ԼͰѰѱˡ
аɣôţʱ磬ҵЪһЪˣ˵һطv´춼ˡԹд˷Ÿ飬˵˵ߵķ˯£һ㶼֪ԼҶϱԼҺˡ                        
շҪţȸˡһӴ~~~~

һһʮ

Ѻͻȥ֮ͻ˹ֱȥˣ߳ϻиԵүү׽ֵܸߵͶ, ±ߵֶ͸˵, ʺ˵ĻרϸϽѸҹĻùֿ˿ģŻС
⻰˵, ģǾǱĶ¡͸һ̤žôһ䣬ͷһСһ˼ڸ, ûҪ
ʰ꣬ʶ, ӻˡö, ȴǰû¶ͱȺо鰡, 񰢸Ҳûϲġ֪ԼԵ̫Ҫ˭ҪȻǺ
һ׷ʵô, ôµʱ򣬺Ͱ򲻶ҡ, 赭дͰ¸˵, ƺҲûôġүŶӵģ, úȥȵͳ֮, Ų֪ϲŭĺһ
ôˣ˵ûëүһߣΪ˵ʲôˡҪҿ˵, веȰ˸ţ߻˵
ûأӸǰءԼĶӣһֽ̳ģͲþƨүҲ֪ŵʲôƨո˵, ɺʲôӰ治ĵܽһˡ
ǻӰ磬ٺҲԼСԶСľĵ¶ƽԼЩģǶʱ
ëү󹤷ûүԼͨˣԼǰеܱʮȫʮĺáֻҪ£ֵСӾСӰɡ
Ҳǰǿϸλˣ΢һҲˣһ˵Ͳɵ̾˿˵˵ǲǻмҴţⱲӾһ˹Ҳе˼
ϲ˵үû뵽ǵطȥӴǵСѺӸˡүĺȻֻǺҪǺϲͲӸϲรҲɡ
үôƫȻ˵ʲôﻹҪطvҲû͸Ϣͬľųĸһһ֪ѾԼҺӸˣذѺᱨȥѡ㣬ֻʡ¶ѡ
Ҫ˲ٿɣʱҲˣЪŰɡھǵլһһ԰ӣ˵󲻴˵ССһסҲˡλӻϮģＸҵߵҲСˡ
¶ˣҪ˾˯ɡתתЩĲӣַ˷ûʣҳ˲ᣬǴϰ¶Ūꡣ
︻ãﲻʲôܸˣҲԸѸ¶ǣɴǰ꿪ʼͰѺԺЩ¶ԼˡŽɩ͸ýˣԼٳһţȴɩһˡ
ūŸɡСѾȻʵʵָϽ˲񣬽ǱͶˣ˵³Ļ
ôˣùɡżˣʱȥׯϿŶмͷͷһֻãԼȥһõµĿ
ȥ°꿪ʼ֪ԼĶ̫໹ôģǱǰ¿͵Լ궼˲ˡûŮεģֲȱǵӣȻԽԽ
񣬽ĶÿǴӣߵľǲһСѾ߿ζۻǴĲҵ߶֪ǮүʥΣǱҵүĵʱ˵ֻҪû⣬ĺ뻹кЩꡣ
šϸѾ˵ʲôʵûȥܼô֪ССҵĺãиŵĳҪȥĽҲûáʲôԶԶźãҲ
˵ѡˣүҸʲô˼ҰʱɵôūһߣĶūŸĶΣԴĲʱѾߣϲСѾͷһһ߰ԡ
ҵĶָ˺ŻĴǰɡʮ岻СˣֻһֱûﰢܾԼãʲô˼ϡҲνҲУԼҶż£ѾԼǲҲˡ
ѾǼ£Ͻͷ첻˵ˡȵڶһûϵĶͳȥȻѾŵСſڵš
˶СǸȥֻڰϾ͹˸䣬һ̵ľܻشˡ鿴˿һСӣ۰ǰЩ˼Ķӣ۴󰢸⣿
ȥʶ֮󣬺һСӣÿε»Ҫ͵ʱ򣬱㰲һ˸ңôţ͵͵˺Щöȥ
ǼϸϲµģԼѶȸˡӺãÿα˸Ҳ󷽷ĶСǶɺ㰡ûԼ¶ͷô⡣
ţ۴󰢸翴ϵļǺö͹ȥСӸļһ𣿡СǾǽ󳤴ģ۹ȻѰ˼ҲһÿζԭҪ͹ȥļˡ
Ķ븻ҸҲϲ˼Ҫ˶˵ģÿСȥļۣһӶš~ǶҪԭ۸˼ңǻǸ
ʵӻֵ˵˾͵ÿϸڣԼ»֪֣ÿߣﶼĥЩÿĶֻ࣬Ҫ˾ʹûʱʲôҲ˵һ㶼С
۹ãÿοϵĶǺҲϲģӾϲǴ󷽷ӣҲǣЩС䲻ǰ£ԼҶǰҲţô˵ǹĺá
ɵ㻹˼˵ҶӰҿ㡣鿴Ŷ˵۾ֱð⣬İ۶˲֪ٸҲ֪οʵϹֺãǲҲ̫պˡ
ôණô㰢һɫ˶Ҳ֪˭͵ġɵãһϹĥôãôӣ˼Ҷ֪ˣ
źҲʵʵˣ˵˺ŷӦǶô찡ɵøӳ⡣ＱֱԴ벻İ취˵ҪȰܾ£ǵöð
㼱ʲôŶ󣿡鿴źﶼûʼѡ㣬϶Ҫӵģѡ㶼ˣ㰢겻Ҳ𡣵ʱвеģ㰢ͷ˵
ô˵Ҳֻȵţ˵ô˵ʵѾĳȥˣûҪţطv֪·Ҳܶ¡
طv֪ôһϲڳԼһ˼ڲϡݵĵڶһ˾ѾԺˡ
֮ǰطv֪ʲôʱ򵽣ҾһֱͷǴ˸ȰȥġʱûҪҲ̫ۣطv֮˲ŵţҹӽġ
ūŸү밲ĵˣ۹ϵϵø磬ӦʲôطvҲ֪һ֧˺죬Ҫ޸ԼҲôڡ
ɣôˣ𡣡طvڶͳװŵʵŮһǧĽǾûˡһûԣеүָͨ¡
Ǵġұ֧ûͽȥ֧ЩӴҲǣˡطvɴǽͷ²飬˲H³
ѧǶԶ鿴أϱߵѧӾ֮ءÿڿƿһʡϰռ˽һ룬Ӣţ⻰㲻顣ɾˣƿ׵İҲٲˣϾбµľô࣬ʵڹţɲаħ
طvˣҪϸȻ±ߵūǡǸ룬ӵݵĵڶ𣬲ǿϯ·ѧӣǰѹԱǶ£һţһһҲߣ߲˸췭ظЩ˭֡
ȵүĺ˻ϧ뾩̫磬֪طv첻ȵҲͷۣˣɲǲʹ˻ʲô˾˵ģһŲ׼˾źֱ߶طvͷۣҲȥ
ôиʮ죬òĶüĿץҲѾˡҪλ϶Լȥطv˿ϧ²ܾ⣬Ϻò׳˶˳ĵķû뵽һӣ߸˴ļţȻͺˡ
طvյŵʱǰһڣԼ߷ȥģСӾȻԼԼϱˣô£󰢸ô¶Ƕ֪
سطv˶࣬Ҷڸǰźţطvһ˾Ͷˡӣūˣ󰢸ʱȥūҲûȥūϷ
Ժź˶ûУƽʱҲ⵵¡ūŶΪǴ󰢸绹ûϣĳ˼ԼѾԼҺˡ
طvһʱزȥֻȻŰס飬ڳܴһͷȥ鸻ҵ¶ԭҪǳھ͸ãŮ֮Уֻ˼ѾȥëǱˣܾܰɡ                        
շһ̫æˣʵֻ£~

һһʮ

յŵʱ濴˺üȷ, ҪԼȥµ˼ҡ, ûдɣôȥ鰡, ߵ¶ǲүһͶ͸˵ġ
ֱӼĵ޲ֱߵ, ˼û޲졣޲治Сˣڹô, ͶԼλ, ˻ؼҺˡ
޲ʹ, ҲȺͨ͸ôѧԲѧ, ͸żֵµҪ޲һ㡣үŶ, ЩϮĲָٹب˶ꣿҪһ·, ˽ô˳
һ, ض±߾͵˷Ҹߵ, ϸϸĲ飬õĲõĶʵʵ˵, үҪʵ޼Щطvòõʱй
طvùʱ޲츸Ҳû˸Ұߣµǻ޲ҲûҪң˹ϵܾ͸˵ˣԼƤ, Щ괾ķ˲٣ȻԵ˽ĵĲ²䵽Լͷϡ
УǶӾ顣ûӹĲ£ǵûȥúô졣³˸Ҳ˵鷿Լģƶƻ졣Լͦ⣬㲻֪һͷߴ󰢸綼Ҫˡ
ʲô˼ְӽӻĳŻнϵСزЩȨûֻطvͻš
֣Ҫүȥ㰢ꣿǸʱѾ¼ҶӵĽ׶ˡŶץӻ֣ͦƽСӾϰװϳɣ߹ֶ࣬Լѵüģ
𰡣ǲܶǰɡβߣͦĺԴҪϣƫģǷŶˣżأ͸֡
ԼӣͷһӣвʱֻطvǹҭһأǸѵҲ̨ܲôֲҪ㰢дŻŸˣ
öӵţвеİҲ׼ӵü֪ݲ仹ߣ˵ǸҼҲǰūš
ˣܱӷŻ˵׼ĺðɡţ㰢겻пն࿴飬Ĳԣûȥǰɡһ˵£ʹҲίҲȾˡ
Ⱥӳȥ֮ųӼҡҡͷӸʱԼźӴһ㣬һƤòУŻǵó˲ء
浽ǵĹﶼˣԼǵòġϱӼⱲû׵ʱ˵ЩŲĺӣǰôôĺ׳ȫžžû䡣
ôˣүܲȥ𣬵ܲ˵¡ҲǸ˶Ǵ˾үġ
ɽޣôЩܶϰˡӾƲ秵ӣʱϣҪӺģܷŲڡ˽¸˵뷭˰ǴүˣūŻͦ񫡣
﷢ԼҰ굽ʲô˼źü춼ûţ춼ǰԺźپ飬úپԼҴŤͷ߶㣬پٺãҲܲԼ۰ǰ߶߶
ɹܹҸɣôװˡپϣһ߳һ߸״ϱ߿ǳԵʹҲŶˡ
پŽһ߳ԣһ߸߶ô֣ԼǶûѧ¶©Ҫӣǵðٴ򲻿ɡ
پֱź״ǰɣȫ˰鷿Ǳ߿ô졣鿴Сӻû˵Ǳżǹˡ߾͸ü۵ĺپûһۣһήһСģͦί
˵ȥôôͻˣȻزСҲûźǲóšǣֻҪˣȥǾȥ䣬û˭á
ӹļҲԼҴģģ֪л˵ǲʲô¶ˣ˵˵Ҳ֡
նҽ˭ˡһ˵¾ü۶ˣԾЩúֱš
˭ǹﰡû¶һ֪µļ˼ȫϱߣüɫģһһ׼
ţҪ˵ôأŮȥʮıӣʱ·󣬱ȥʲô¶û뵽ˡ
ҴţƹȻúúõİ뵽¥ɽڣҲڡڶ¥￴֪²ԣü첻ŵͻȻ϶˵ġ
һͻˣʮ壬˵óˡҲǹٻ˼ңƷ˼Ҹǿɲһ£¼ҵСԼ¶ܲˡǲ˵ʱ࿴ӵ±ߵūſûдլô
ƽʣʱ˳ͻ˵Ҳ²۹Ĺ̵ʲôÿģĻﻹͦʧ䡣
ǱǹﵽʲôģϣԼҽȺŪߡϧһ𳤴Ľܣʲô֪ܲ𡣿߻ûǺú׽Ū׽Ūһ¥Ѿˡ
һţ˻ڶ¥һ¾ͺˡ˳¿һƾͿһ׶׻ȹӵĹšúָؾͷ֧һȥļһӾͰ˸Գˡ
ɣһ۾ˣС۹ⲻǳúðô࣬ǴСʲô˶ˡټϹЩǣͲС˭Ҳû˭ȥˣҲúãֶʤڴ󷽵üĿ£ŲСŻġ
Ӵҽǹƶ˰ɣƷĲ첻СˣΪǶۼһ⻰һ˵Щ¶ӣǴլḶ́治֪ߵ
Ҳţͻˣ궼ûͬء˦˦СӲ⣬ʲô
֪Ҳɴˡʱ򣬺۾û¥ϡ֪ҵĸĶ֪
ǻͷԼɵܵܣ֮ǰ֪ˣնﲻڹ˼С񶼿ˣûʣ
ûʣʶ˶ﲻˡ֣µܵΪأȻͷˣҲ̫˲ǣʱûţͱﲻϲˡ
һ˵һˣֻûһƲ͵Źź¶˵еˡǿŵܵܣֿ±ȫ֪һĸ񣬡ˣһأŰɡ
˵¥ȥûüֲȥֻվڶ¥ֱöšǴ¥С˲࣬˶Ťͷվ¥ݿڵǣ²ʶҲ϶λ˸
¥һ˿û˼ƿ棬æȥɣòŸšһƹľʹչˣǿҡ˲ˡ仰˵ԹԵĿֵ˺һŸͷϻˡ
ոմƹǴĴڨܲǴĿģǵܵܿϵȻ׽λһ׽Ǿʲô¶ð죬ұͶʮĹ˵ü仰ˡ
׸ôԶҲ˵ʲôȵ궼ˣŸæ˻ظˡֱ˶ԺţߴĿʣոյʲôˡ
ѵÿģ˶Ū˼һ·Ҳ˵Цɲ֮ǰһĻնŮ˵˼仰ûҲûŮľͶʳͦõġ
ݸߣЩԼ˲٣滹Ǽߣһ۾ܿô˵ͻͦˡԼϱôɲи۽̫ǳӸ
ģԴһߣ䶼ˡûԼҪģ˵ô࣬ôû˵ʲô
ԼҵܵܣһҲ͹ȥˣˣѽٳԺ֮ǰ֣һһİָдˣǺˣɱ˰
϶Ƕ˵ġԼԺӺдһϱĶûɣ͹⿴ָˡﲻԣ־ŲǾֻȰˡ
ֻϧطvļһǴȴһֱûòԸżңʵǣ̫طvüضýȺɻȥҪһֱһ԰ţҪԲٿ
ÿͼŻʱͬһ𵽾ǵĻиүӣүԽԽԽƢԽÿϳڹһ±ߵܵܺͳǶ߶ŴϽɿ𣬴һʥϸǰԹ䣬ôҲɰ
ʱ򣬵ȵطvس죬Ȼǵ˴βϡϴãǰ߱϶ùǺͷЩ۵ūӹһģҲûӰطvĺ顣
ڵǣö࣬նĿپ͸ְľ͸ˡЩ׵ѧǣⱲû˷Ļ᲻˵˵з˵ģϵģֵýͷβ˵¡
µһ߹ҲѧǺϰտġطvǰ޲ԼϴϽԼߵĽϹԱǣɫЦȴǰ㡣ԼﴧĶǽϸԱ֤֯ԼʲôʱؾǣǵĺҲ͵ͷˡ
سûʲô¶¶Ҳܵ͹ˡܰʵ鵽ĶиоݣǾҪĻǴĸģһ丽һͼǰѸ׹ϵˡطvϸϸ˴ŰŸ¡
һȴԼ仰ûЩҲطvԼҼףǼﲻ̫ҪȻϮĲӦҵ׻ܸʵһ㡣
Ժķ岻ãһд궼óҩǵճĸܼң˿ܸɣڸͲ̫ˡ
طvĥһϾͰ·һˣϾûȥö²ԼϹĥ˵ʲôҪͶ˵ԼﻹǺأɳײҲͦáأҪû֣Լܻٵһ£һܲ鵽ôࡣ
úã羪ϲ࣬طvس˵¡ԭΪֿôԩҺôõſӰɣû뵽ſûˣһֱߵԺߣſվµ顣
ô°үôԶ֪ӭһӭطvϱԹϵЦǲضزס߸ŵūŵͶ֪ʶȤûԺطvҲòŹ˼ʲô߽֮һѰ§ˡ
ү˲٣ô˰ոԶԶĴһƣطv;ԲЩһ֣͸ˡûĸεԩҡ
ǣǺǣǺǺǡһ⻰ʵ̲סЦ˼Ҹ˵ҳԣ˵֮ǰǲ˵ģô磿ţڶʲô˵ף
ҪˣЩ½½ӣ;ŹˣôˡⱲӲǾΪģûҪôࡣɼܲסҪ˵
˵һػϵģʱˣǰͷһǴβµ֡ô˵Ĵ                        
շ콵ϲ

һһʮ

Ļ˵ǰطvˡô͹Լ, ʲô¶͹Լ
˭, һܳԸⰡžÿɵ, Ťͷȥˣ¸ջؼҾͱ󡰾ϲµطvվſڿӷɵ
ү, ϽĽȥӾſǳ̫ãӶ̫, Ͻȥ帣šֻҲǰ¶, ⼸츣ûЦģ, ԺŲҴ͵Ŵڻء
Ѿ, ʱĲҲģҪȵµҲ÷ˡūطvһ, Ϥ, ͷһ±˿
˵ϰǶ, 䵽˭ͷ˭֪ʲôζһ·ȥ, Ҳ͵طvˡųһָߵ¶˼λû, طvӹūŵݹϴɾһҧһžͽ䡣
ŤӿϾʣ׳طvƿűŤ˵Ҳûйطvһ̲סզ࣬еѺ塣, º˵˵Ҳ˳ôһ˵Ҫ֪ô飬ҿ϶Ͳ˵ǲǡ
˵Щ𣿡һǰ̫ҽ̫ҽЦǲǸ˵Ӿ͹ˣ˵˸ﻹأкŮУ۲ż°ɡ
żżǻϰ˲ȥطvԴҡø˹һԼҺӲ൫Ҳ׶˵Լһסһ߰ûżôЩ긮﹬Ƕ˭˵һ䰡ǲǡ
ǣôˣŤطvСžž죬Ϊһʮ߰أҶʮˣⱲӲŶ೤ܾܲȫںϰɡ˵ˣͿɲСˣһӵʱʲ
û˵꣬ͱ۵طvְˣ˵ʲôأлú˵ʲôۺúϹ˵ԣԼҪԼջҪҲҪô˵Լһ˵ܳ棬һأһٴأǲҪԼ
Ҳǻϻû뵽Ǽˡʱ֮䱾˵¶طvһۣѹסˡû˵꣬ġ
Ȼˣ㻹Ҫүǰɡطv˵ϢʵҲûˣû˵˲ǵû뺢ӵʱˣڸＸӶͦõģٶһһҲô¡
Ұɣһ·طvɱͦʱˡȥǽϣػӱ߶ֶ˰һ˽ǱߵĵǵżߵģûǱȥ͵ŻҰû뵽Լôһϲ
طv˫ֳԴӴֱͷԼֲ嵽׾һ㣬ϲһЩ鿴˵ˣҲ治Ҫ˵ҲûҪŪҩȥǻʵʵء
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Լ¶ô󶼻ˣǹʱˣʱѾͦˡūżΣһϲЦտġ
طvͷӶڶԺһԷϼһһʵپͷԷ̧ͷͻ뿼ԼΣϾ֮ǰطv˵˻Ҫʡɰ겻ڼңжùҪУǾһһ׼Ĳ֪
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꣬ûءǵǻͦãطvһʾʹ󷽷˵ˣǰЩǱ˵ˣ˵ǸǱЩ̫ƽҴɹŶЩӡ
һ˵طvҲˣس·Ͼ˵֣˵ڲغǱЩ֧ŲסˣֻûԮ͵
ǻ·ϣطvҲûȥǿƶѾ׼һҪ˵Ҳó
Ҫ˵ҲǶһĲȵʤ飬ûʰɾЩССУҲǳ£ڿҪ˿
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ôһһٷ꣬һٸҲ˼¡ϺǴӶԺپһû˵ﱾ밲ο㣬ǵȿˣոôʰ꣬Ҹǵô졣
ջĸҿڣٵɡѡѾˣ֮еıӡ궼ˣںһģôѧἸģ֮ǰǰＱǽأҲ㼱
ǿŽִڸ˲٣Լ˴ͷĺ֮ǰҾ֪Ҫ¸ԼҲʹ죬ⱲӻӶûˡ
ֻҪͺˣҪ˵Ҳܴ֣ǹҲܻңȼûôˣԼϷòŵġ⻰ﻰܻ֮ῴ飬˵ԼҲԾǶôûֵĻᣬЩϧˡ
ǵĻúʶۣ㣬һڣ⻰ٱ˵ˣ޳ȥ궼ѲƤһҪ˵ҪҴȥھܻ׮Ų治Ϲ˵ԼʲôԼ᲻ã⻰ֱǻϽ͡
֪ˣΪɵأȥɣôˡøϹɴӻְ߾תԺǱߡӵĻڸͺӻȥӶȻ˶Ժ֮Ͱѻѧˡ
ＸūŶźöˣ˶̲סпǰ˵Ķĸ˺óԣȥʲôط档ڶʼ˵Щɲǳ
ģǵ¶طvﶼ򵥣˯һطvڶ˸磬ýȥǴ¡
ԭ͸Ƚɻû߾˳ˣүרȻؼңڶϳ֮˵ôһԭطvϵ۾ٷЩֻڽϾˣˡ
طvһż£ټֵǿ˭ͦ˳ۣϰ˶ļ䡣˵ˣػ˲ٺöʻ¸ҸϽȥȥֻںߵʮģ֪ôһֱطv仰ûʲôӦҲͲˡ
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ڹÿ飬ȵүҲһˣүĵ̲סˡǵȰϧˣҪ̹ڽЩϲ޵ľﲻ̹ʰҹﶼ˯ȡһ뵽ʰܳӯ⣬ү͸಻סˡ
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˵Ҳү֮طv;¶ǰѺ¸󣬡˵˵ɣ㸮ү״ôŰ
һ˵طvҡͷģүֱ֡׶Ƿˣүʵһ쵽ͷǷЩ¶ҲЩ²ŽϾ˾šҪȻǧǧ꣬Ҳû˼
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طvŶǺģ, ֪֮ǰԼ˵ûزŶҪ¡ԾԼԼݽȥ, ͵ͷһͷ, ȫҲ, һͷҵĲǶǰãóóȻ, Ҫ¡
ꣿطv񣬶˵ûӦ, Ǻ׳ŵӺ, Żع¾ô¶, ˵ô찡
طv۶, ô첻żүȰ˵طvӶóһż, һʺ㣬ݹϣû
һ˵Ҫ£ֱ, ʳ¶˾Ͷֻ֪
ֻʲôطv˰βһֽݸӣԼ˵żݸӣطvտʼĴģⲻԼһ˸ˡ
طvɣжšżݶܲЩطv鿴ˡطvû֮ǰǸƫӣ»ǵöϲҪ
طv֮˹һϼƣȴ˭Ƿ˼⡣ʵڳɴˣ˵ӹ鵱Ĺܣ¸ƵطvطvҲûԸʲôطvһԼԼֻҪ־С
طvͷһżϾܸͼݹϵȫͷֽϸԽϸԽû׶֮ǰϢ©ҲҴĵȥ˼ҼܰοԼ˵ЩôҲ˾Ʒ佫
һͼܷǳıעľλλסδװףǵΪԼֶ˽Щˣϵĺˡ
ҲܣطvʲôȵĲҲӸȥﲻǵʲô֪ɵӣֵֽĿɲݹϵôһһ֧ȻҲİְߣá
һЩѰˣļȲϳƹϵĴ̣￴ֽԼҲͷۣȫʲôƷĹ졢ңҲ̫ЩҪһ׼ңе㲻ÿ
ꡭ￴ϸ̲סķڼ尾طvҲ뿴ÿáǺ£ܱһ붼ͷҪĺá꣬ӿˡ
ţ˺á˵˵ôġطvҲǷҪƶӣֻ¾ô¶ȻѾԼˣǾ͸öԼˡ
ӣҲ֪ﶼģ֪ԼôİӱĶ֮󣬾ȥͼȥǱߡ֪ߣɹⶫѧڻСȵܳ׵ʱҲѧòˡ
طvź˵İûڱ鰮ͷ»뵽ЩȻǲУ뵽һ㣬Ҳû׳ӡ겻㣬ȥú롣
ҧҪǰĶӣ겻ΪƳôǰ˵ףҪҲֻСӣ̧ٳǲรԼŰ졣
⻰˵ֱףѺﶼ˵ˡطv뿴ɵ㶵ģɴŶƨɰѺӸˡȺһţ㼱ҴҴ˵İ취湻еġ
û뵽طv˵ķڶû֮ǰ檡ҲôЩ˿̫ڼ򵥣㶼Լһʲô¡һ˵˭ȻȻֻȢϱһͷˡ
ʲôʲô˵ү˵㡣طvĹĵ鰤Լ£ǵС˼Ϊү֪ǰɣҲүźӻСûʲô¶ȥүǸʰβأְ
ܴŰһĸɲܷöҲ˼طv͸ˣǵȵ˵˵ˣҵ겻Ҳү϶ҲǶԣĵġʲôûһͷߣȫҪǺˣӷֳɳ𲻿ɡ
طvĻ˵ģ˼ˡû׵ʱطvﲻûˣ߰絽Ҳȫţﲻλ
㲻˵ǹǧˣӻûʲô¶𡣡Ҳ˼ϾºЩһ顢÷Ҳѵõ󣬺οڡ˵˴һɢ鶼Уڿûлͷ·ߡ
ʲôǧǧɱԩ˰˵ӵ¶أϹġطvⱲӱıûУ״ˣ˸ͷͱǿѹȥˡ
Ժ˵˵ЦЦµҲСߺԺӣ˾ˣ̫ȵǱͷĴ󺹡ūǷվվȵĴ󰢸˷ָϽĶ˲ˮô
طv˻ȥٻػûţߺͺNǺپҲʱţ˭Ҳûʳôġ֪һ磬ųԼԺӣֱԺ
꣬ˡ⼸Բ˯ãǰ۾ˣϲҲ֪ϲͷһôϲһˣô᲻á۶ӣܲȥʣԸ⣬ھรһáԸ⣬ǶӾٲˡ
ӻ˵ϣطv˵ʲôӦ˶ӡҲپᵽǸǲร¶ڶɩӣȥʸҵ˼ǱԸͶ꣬ȺµոˣٽӵǲԸ⡭
黰û˵꣬ҶɩڰְĻˣвԸİ治֪ۺǶ˲ǰɡɩǸˬӣ˵һ㶼Ĩǡ
طvϵĲ°úãһľλǿ϶ܲ˵ģ˵ڸչϵôãطvʹˣҲˡ˼Ҷ˶أһҵĸܽรǾ̧ˡ
Уǲôţɩȥʡô˵ȴǾõʹ˵ܲĶҲˡǵȹڼӵĹôģǿ治˵
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⻰һ˵Ķɩˣ֮ǰµ˼ң˼ҪǲԸⲻǿҲûǿȢ˼ҹ¶ԼŵģǲԸҲ
Ȼ˵ҪԼģɩҲֻǻ˶ͳϢ˹ˣʹֱԺǱȥˡô°ʶĴ󰢸磿
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Ů˵Ļ϶ţҲǼƽʱ򣬡ôϵĲ˵ˣô찡㰢˼ҲҪ˼㰢Ҹ˼ңʵ̫ЩҪǰ㶼Ĳϡ
ŮԼ𣿡߹ӣ¹ö࿴ö࣬ŮŮǵ¶ûԼҲˡҪŮԼŮͲԸ
ǼҵļҸƽ˼ңٸһĶУҲҲԷƱ¾ǲรŮ׼ļױȫһҲ˼ҿġ˾ǹӣŮò˳ġ
Ůż¶˵ܸɣһܿԼӹú𡣿ǽŮͿԼֻܿ󰢸ˡ
Ļֱ̹ԥûСһҹû˯׾¡ʾ֣һȥĶͳӽȥû̫ʱ䣬ҲһΣ¸ˣβˡ
¶ܲסԸ⣬´֮ԼҰǰζ˵Ŷģв۵ģϽ§źӰ
ӰǧţǼ⣬ⱲӱһһߡãϲϲԼһ̣ѵõ¶ϣҲ
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˵ĶӶǶҲܡūתĻ֪˼治Ը⡣Լòõ¶˼ףǲԸǿԼǸŶѡ
֮䱾͸żһŬ˵ûܳɣڿֻԼһԸǾͲǿ˼ˡֻúãһܷŵ£ѹޡ
ǾͿ޳ûˣﱣ֤˵ȥ⻰Ͻڰطvȥʱభ°طv֪ԼǱˣɶǴСʱ򣬻ôء
طvǰŲųȥӾʵĿˡطvҲͦζɴŽططKȥȾƣһ˵ûһҡͷ̾ġ                        
շʵԥҪҪú³ɣȥǾˡϾûôԲ飬ҲûôһԸֺֻﲻǺû⻷~
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һٶʮ

ôõûɡﶼеþϾǺ, ǺپǺͺN, ˽˭û˵ĻӣѰٻϷء
غ˼ҸͺЩϷߵ, ȻͰѻǵ繶鶼ˣûЩʧҲںӶ, ֪ܵĻǺԼǵ˯һҲ͹, ˺ǰ, ˭ҲҶ䡣
Ӳ, ܵʡ֮ǰȥǽмֶһ, ˽ϼλڳ, ˡ
缸첻ϳ, ںȥ, ˼Ȧ, ûʲôˡǰ޹֮󣬺۾صԼԺ, ¶ŵòУ󰢸͸һ˭·Ժ߽Ųŵģ³Ŵ󰢸ˡ
ҲĵֻԺȥ, ԸԼ˵˵أԼ˵˵ҪǲԸһͻôһü죬ֱϸͳȥ˿
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⻰˵òģ˭֪үֵռϢ鱨һ֣ϱӿ̫Ѫ̽ЩӾŶΡʲô£ô֪ܲǳˣʺô˵Ҿôţ˴š
ʵ˵⻰˵ЩڣһǾû˺áãǸҵĸҲáϱ˵ɲ֪ǽ߱ŵ㣬úã֮ڵﶼͦɡټϸճԹ緹ߵĲ͸Щ˵Ҳ
Ī˵ҵĸЩԼ֪Լʼҵʱ򣬶ŵֱ¡ҸѧصʱԼǲסͷڱޣζѡҲʱǨӶԼλҲˣҪȻ϶˵Щ
ϵİԱɣְ㲻öߣôĹִʵȱϱߣƷĲɺ˲ֹһ㡣ˣռͷ겻ҲǶ˲ٿͷ
ҪǸСµĸĶöûãԼ͵øԼϾ⾢Ҳ˰ӣӮҲѲƤʱӻû飬ʣ¶˵ˡ
˵̹ȻҲݣӸ̫ˡ˭ҶмҪµĿˮΪʺǷ
ô̫ûȥļûźö̫ʲô̫׺͵үҲ׽ʮү֣ɩӵģڵм˲
˵ҵÿŸСҡûôίҪԵԼ̫ԲҲУԵ̫Ⱥˡ
ǼЩССӣСʲôûʲô¡˼ҹŮһǼСүһ˼Ҽ߾͵ŵһ˯ţҪϾǿ˼ҹŮһӿɾʹˡ
⻰ĵģºͬԼֲźӹӡʱŪʲô¶ӻţҵСûôõ
ڣĺӰҪ˵ɩӹ̫ˣôСôһֱû죬ֱŽ˾仰
˵ԼҲĥԽĥԽ˵Ļ˲ģطKǸһ󴮣ҲһĹŮֻ޲ȥѺﵽǰߵĳСһĲ׼
Ҫ˵֪Īĸأ鵣ĵ¶ͲǿѨ硣Ҳûʲô˼ֻ֮ǰͶ̫֪²ܳɣϵϰ߻ûĹ
֮ǰŶǺţҪȥռҲ벻ǶȥԼλûʲôȥĵض֪ľתƵˡ
ЩƹĲ֪¶ԶԶؼźͰ˸ӭﻹûӦأ˾Ѿڶ¥ˡԭҲߣ¾ôɣʶһ¥ôһۣͿ߽
ҪأϴطҲͰ֮ǰ¶ںǾͼֱһƵģټ˼ֱֲϦϦߵС̫ͷԣϽͷˣӣҪūŰѴϰɡ
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⻰һߵūȶˣӣҪ˰ɣҪǱү֪ˡūŵĻû˵꣬ҪǱطv֪ˣҲѲƤ
ʲôϽȥүţʲô֮ǰ֪Լ˼ңҲ˸ﰢ￴˼ҡֻЩͷЩЦԼźõòٺõ¶˼˵㶼㲻
Ȼӷ˻ūҲֻհ졣ƹĺͺߵ̫඼Ǵˡ¥ǸЪεĵطҲֹһ䣬ƹĲҾˣӴյǰСС¸˵ˡ
һ˵ǴĴ󰢸ҪüûôԥӦؾøɾ࣬һû롣ֻһ˼Ҵ󰢸絽ô֪Լô벻ͨһ˵ҪԼҲͦãþʸס
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ǵһμﰢ磬ЩүӵײһЩȴ綼͸ŹҲһۣ͸ȷԼľûֻ۸ԼҲţҪҪۼԼʲˡ
ңңҾʡ󷽷ģ͸ĵúʧ룬ҲûضˣһҧһţװʵĸʳˣҾʸôûء
ôûϣɻ֮ǰ˵ЩҲת˴룬׸Լǰ˵ǲһûһԣ
ûźҡҡͷҸ󰢸ȣһһ£˵ϸһ㸻һҶūţǸͦСˣһԾһӵ¶ǲ˰ɡ
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Ȼڸ˵˼ˣͲСˣ˵кʵĹ͵ü˰ɡ°ѸŵùǺ˵˵ɾˣɵ˼һô죬ڼѾȫڸ࿴˼ˡ
˵ϣǾ޻˵ԭʺʲôʱϵҲûʡҲȻ粻ʵЩ
ҲûߣһֱڲŻȥһͱſڵطv׽˸š¶طv֪ˣ͵ء
˰ĺ￴طvû˼԰ѾԻ˵ĶӿŶӱϴһ㶼ۣʩʩȻ˾ãתضԺˣҲܺﻹŶ˵ĻˣٴҲá
Ӽ˸ҹ֮ǳ׻ͨˣˣطvҲˣ֮͸˳ˡ㾭¶ЩŮŮ¶ӡ
طvһˣͲԸڳţǱ߹ү˵ȥԲ԰߱طvһź굽԰ȥȥһ궼ڸТû԰ӣˡ
ڶӴЩڸܾñűţػ߲ǻӾ͹ÿ죬ﰤ˶ٴʵʵ԰˺ü£ƽ鷿ţʲô鶼Ҳ֮ǰǰ㶨ġ
żȥҲǺͺNңžȵżԲ԰źү˽¸˵һѣԺ²ǻǸ¡
²µڻ˵ãų״̶ӻؾǣҸ㶼æˡǸطvǰųľǣٻȻ춼ˡôãǱĳȥģ۵ùǺʵٺö
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طvڹô꣬үһ仰ֵôֶҲûţ󲻹氢£ôһææ˶ұʦų״ĻоЩ
仹кó·Ҫߣܲסүˡڹ˶֮һ죬үһֱ߬߳ٳûľλһʥֵּǶŲŲλá                        
շҮĩ~~~ȻǵĺĳˡĴеģҲһٴҲҪ࣬˭֪~

һٶʮһ

һʥּͳ˴ø˸, ðھƳϯϷӳϷ, ֻЩֻǰѸſڵĹƻ˻, ߸üӵĶһûΪڲæЩ
λԸϽǰ, 䵽˺߼ʲôëͶˣ̫ҽֻ˵, ǻ˼֮ǰǼ̫, Щ㲻ʲô
ô˵, ˭˭֪Ҳˣһ¶İָʼ, ԽԽڣҹܵü, ʱüȶӻ, ֮Ļ˵Ǿ춼ڰŹ
ô, طvҲûͣԭҲ۵, ɹǱһһæ¾ǻ, ׵ܵҲû͵鿴۵û˯Ҳۣ˻ŷֿ˯죬ɷֿû˯͸һӶûԺȴ˭˯, طv˵ʲôȥ᷿Ǳˡ
طvÿģ˵ôҲһµ¶ôڰȻ⻰ǸflagҲǺˣȵĺòװԤڣȴûˡ
ûɲаطv̫ҽȫڸţȵطv˸⬣˭˭ϳʱүô߰죬緹أˮˡ
ˮһƣԺ˿ˡû뵽ǰ˳ˣôڶȫһֱڵϣ̫ҽҲϺӴ˶Σգһߣǿܿʼ
һִҹȵȵҲûطv۾ˣ̫̫ɩӸȫˣӲųٳٳˡطvŰڹǺĳСڴߣҲ۵û˯ȥһ죬ֻӴ߹ʱˣ˵Ⱳٲˡ
Ĳ˵ҲûȥǳӵĿ࣬ҲûϹڣԼְнˣҲû
û¶͵طvƽʲôɵܾԼûʲô¶طvôҲûԼҲ˼ҺԺôˣȻ¾ٰ
¶úãҲֻúã˲֪һ쵽ôߵж¡ǸȨģҲū¶ҹ
طvΪ͵͵鱧Թ˵һ¶ôȹĻ鷳ģ鿿ůֱ֡Դӵǳһҵ쵼һһ굽ͷһ֧ûжϵʱڼҵԽԽ󣬿ɲԽԽæ
˶󸣾жΣЩҲûоҪԹʲôϰ˻ãطvͻȻеĥˣⲻ˵ڶҪүЩ¶һطv˸ͷ㵽̫Ƕȥˡ
ʰ˰ɣǿɾҪ˰Ҫ˵ӹÿأһգ۶ûˣ֮ǰүʥּʱһѽ̫¶ᡣ
ѡ㣬ҲЩطסˣүֵǶʵɴһһ˸䣬˵ֻҪط׼ˣ꿪̫ܰǽӳȥ
ʲôϲһ߶ǳϢ˰ǷֿģطvҲ³ײλСɩӡ̸°˼ͽ׵ȵɽû̫䶯طvܽӶȥ׼ͦˣ̫ȥһֱûôʰ
ûУĸҰطvڳ̫ǰԶŷģ˶ûΣԼҶԹҲ棬Ӳ׼ԺҲء
Ժ׼ô˰̫һֱûʼʰʵΪû׶Դʮ֮ⱲӾûϽǣͻȻ˵Գȥˣζָɬֱûᡣ
׼ˣǰŶķԸġԺӻ˸ţ󼸸ֳŶ㡣طvȥϣʱĴſͼҳ̫ԺӵǸ̫ģܸ˲С
̫ﵣĵʲôѿͼ࿴ʲôطʲôطüҲǰЩУʱóóȻϽǣ˳ȥȴϡ
Ŷô˵̫Ǹˣ漴ֲԽ̾˿ģطvЩζİɣߺĶˣӺãʱӴȥ
ɵСӴǵĺò氡̫ԼҶ͸ͣطv˵ҲǺüӵİ꣬ʮˣڳ̫ͻǸɵӡ
ĵö࣬ԺӰҲǵõٸţҪǵؽճܸС԰档ôططvܵڳôĵضԼҶԺӲס
㶮ʲô㡣̫ǲŶӣ㿴Ҹͦãһӵʱ¶ͶˡǰһţǸߴһòôʱìЩӾͺùЩ
̫Ļû˵˵ˣׯ֪ĻʺҲ㲻Щ¶ûʱ򣬵ƫʮģǶϻʮġʱ򼸸ӾһϿ䡣
Ǿûôûˣʱֵò죬ĸмҪ̫˵СëûĹôɴЩ̫ų˵ʹطvҲаζ
ģٹҲóȥʱҪҸǶòˣǶȥط|һֱһûˣֻһطvۡ
ȥʲô¶ˣ鷿ϿΰطvûУҲѵܵܣԶԶط|Ǳȥط|㶼û㡣
˵ɣ׶ûɾôԶ¶ֲѵ㡣ֵ֣̫ʮа˾ƫطvģط|ҲڶԼҸǶҪģٹҲûܡ
ҲᣬԽط|Խ̸棬Լ棬ǶǸġطv֪ط|ﶺֶô˵طvǶӴˣܵҲСˡ֮ǰһֱ￼ǵ¶Ҳðˡ
¶˵˰Ϳ죬̫Ǳ½½ᡣôЩǸԼҶϱòõģܹԶʲôìֵò죬ʮ첻¶ټʱҲˡ
һһţźϱһǧжٺʱ򰡡үԼЩֵһüڵùǺӱġ㲻Լһ˳ͷˣԼҲͲôίˡ
ܹЩ˼Ҷϱ֣طvͳ̫ͦãķطvұǱ߳Щ֮󣬾͸٣һ˵ϲ̹ʵöΣطv͸ɴ֧һ⣬˵۳š
ڶóˣֶܲǿʲô˵кų鷳ɺܾûȥǰ¸ү˵ˡ
үڶͰطvٵȥɵĵطvһ˵ǣǹұ¶̫أЩˡطvѾյòˣԼҪ־͸ó磬ڷ֪ʶȤ˾ûôˡ
ֵ֮ôĬеģүҲ֪ʱˡʹˣʱҲСˣѡм֪֪ȵģҲ¶ͲһֱڹұӪҲڱ𴦣ʱʱҲС
ĬĬӹҪеġүҲطvҵĽڣͰҪλˡһжβУһ±һأһٶģȵأүͷطv߹ĲȫŲȥˡ
ͬʱͺNȴͬʱүӵ˱±ߵĳǲŻ㱾Ǹĳˡ                        
շŻм¾Ҫ˰ɣȻм⣬ܻдһдĹ~Ӵ~~

һٶʮ

˺ü£鶼ǵطv˹Ĳ»ʱģ, ֮ǰûôԼ, ֪᲻ã˵ԼͲʡ׷, ЩҲ˵ڣ˵׷޲˵á
Ҹŵ, ֮ǰԼˣ²ų, ˲¶û, žҪ˲һ治ˡٰ¶Ӹطvһ, ˾ʹ߻ˡ
ˣ䲻䰡ﻹŶҲû̧ôһ, ֱûػ̧ͷ˿ˣһŷֲԾ
ūſ, ôܲ, 漴Ҳֱߵ¶Ͱź˸гȥˡūųȥʱطvѸջһ, 鲻ɫߵź´, ɾ˸Сů¯ġǲ, ԭԼ¶
һʱû˵ֻѬ̿żųȥ긮ǰֲһˣԼһȻҲͬЩԭ˴עطv, û˼ȫͷ¶ϱȥˣֱطvԼ𤵽ַĶ
˵ôˣطv§Լ䣬ԴԼϣƼֱſ걳ϵʱһģһָϣָԼҲûɿ
Ĳ£үȫȥˡطvͷļ򣬱Ǽȫϵů㣬ոڹЩ˹ԼϹϾſڸǺ޲ðԼһ·ͻ
ǺðЩڹҲˡֲĵض˵۰¶رࡣЩٻذҹȥͽȥɡ
׼ȥ굽ү񳪴Ϸһ˺üֵطҲͽóϲϴҲŴǹˣֵү϶˯žҲӦòˣٳȥҲ߯ˡ
Ժүͳ˰ʱڸ㲻үطvĻ֪ĵġ¶ʵڣµʱҲ࣬ЩԼжŵ¶͵øжԼ
ұ֮ÿԼΪ˹¶ǣȻӲ˵ʲôҪԼ֮ŷġüΰҹƶģطv֪ԼӲ˶ͷж
Ӵǿвˣô˲᱾ӣҪүҶ¡Ҫ˵ӶأʵҲһҪԼǵߣǾͱˡλھǸԽԽѺ͵ʱͣС
˻үûȥǶ밲ģȹȥˣͻһ˵طvɾͲˣȥһطvǱڹǺЩֱͷըġ
طvһСܵˣ鿴ӰֱҡͷӶԺ԰һֱ̫ͨסԺӡ֮ǰճǼ̫춼ðѶӶϱйȥţҪܾòԾĲϤϰˣ̫̫ɲǵøﻹиˡ
Ǹأ˵˵ȿӾūŪôָˡطvѵģû뵽һݾͱ̳̳޹ޱƵüֱ²˽š
⺢Ӷʲô¾͵ԼūŸ˸ڹʲô𰡡̫޼ϵĻ֦û©ӡطvƤ񣬶ﲻӲϴ¡
Ҫ˵ǳ˹أ̸̫һסǺüʮ꣬ɵ㲻ԼļңʲôҶ뿴ǰ˵ūŰĻлٱūŰߡ
ʱ룬ԼⱲӸĻҲ࣬үҲˡǳķĳܸøԼҸõطźá
ʮĴӱԼҶ޻˵ֻվһԼҶ֣ݸӡɵǱź˵үĻź˰һݴ֮󣬳̫ܲ˷Ķ˵ɣʲô¶
Ҫ˵Զأ˵ϱԶЩʵҲһĸôЩĴӣס̫žŶʱǷ˾Ҳܵġ
ôЩûµĶһ˵ϣǵط|硣̫˽¶˵ϳ飬ûܵԼˡ
û¶ӾͲˣɲа˵õĳ˹Ӹ׽׽ôͷ˰طvڳ̫ԱߣҲԼҶô
̫ʹ˸׶ϴ˵³˰ɡڹôˣʲôʱʲô£ʲôĶߣ̫ҲǸɵġӸԼһӵģʲô׵ġ
Ƕ۶ӰڹʱһڹǹţҲûڷ̫ŶûεӾ۾ۣӵҲȫܾա
ۣʲôĶ۰̫϶ӵĵ־طvֱϵת˰Ȧ۵طvûոʱֻ˼멣˴멾ûѣ̫ôһв۵ġ
˵Ļ۶ӵģָ֮Ͻ˰Ѷʰãȥˣ˶ٷطvŴӺ߻ʽĻ
ﺩ׳ݣȻ˵öףҲûʲô񣬵ͻȻطvڼ˲۶ӳڻȵүȥǰ꣬ʱȴûͣʱڲС
û¸Ҳҵ¶ԸһطvźӺͶ԰ȥˡ԰Ӿͻͬٺɽ߻Смʵڻﶼˣ˻ԼһĢҰ˻
ֻϧүʵǸʳѶ͵ȥֱʦ˳˻ר˵ү»رˣһԳôﵣ´̫̫Ƕû̫̫
̫ǸطһסģʲôطKǶҲ֪ϾŴǶ˵ڼʵе֮󣬻רźĺ
طKͦãλҲˣҪٽһ˶Ƕϰʮǲܵģ˾ͱ¡û뵽ףϾͳûס
Լ׸̫˵úúõ¶ֻҪ˭ºͨ˵ͻͱԣתͷԼϾֱš
طv΢õ㣬ϾװɵʲôطKǶƣСԼܲľ͸ˡôûӣ˷ѿ֧ǶһͣϽͰ˸׼ˡ
µǴүȥˡʵϷֵﶼǸԼôֵܣүҲûһ߲ܣֻȷûʱ˵ںNﶼͦõģû취͸·ɡ
û̫ãʱҲ֪òøлԴǱ߾ûֱͣغԮŶݵˣү¶˾ĵó
İⶼûоʮģ޶ͳźĶҲȥˣЩȫطvţûǣҲæˡ
鿴黹񲪲ûʲô̫ЩûʲôʣطvҲһˣˣʲôҲ˵׼ô˵˾ô໥ȥҲͺˡ                        
շ쿴ֱȥˣ͸һ~˼~
  Ϲأۺ~

һٶʮ

δУֻҪһʼ, ͲһһϦܽ¶ȵǰʮʱ, ҲһԴʮĴ֮, Ҳû
ߵʱʮǴŻӪߵģֻӪò, ʮһǣͱź˹, ֱֵܼǸұʦ, ү۲ŰӸ̳
ӻС, ̫ĥԵĲʱ̫ү°ѺӵĥûˡҪԼλӵ, ̫ѣҲ̫ʵϡɺӳ˹ǵ˿Ű, һطvȥ, Ǿүռˡ
үһ˽ȥ, طvûٽ¹Ļɺ, ҪʱԼٰѹ, һı߳¶Լ
طvǸӲģƼʵҲͺࡣүûӣֻðڰϽǰʧطv첻ߣүҲǳصİ߲ɻǾͻһ, ԭ鷿ӵط|ôױĸˡ
ЩСԴȵүһǰ˺úõڹط|˺ӻ֪ʲô¡ȵٳĵʱƽʱͦʮүȴǴԻһӵʺţôľͰԼӵȥء
ϢطvʱطvֱۣҪ˵أԼкͰط|ϡط|ȺﻹСһô⼸껹ڽϻأط|ûعģէһ°ӣطv׸ܲ
ɾ֪үʲô⣬ϻǵøж¡ȵүĶ̫ˣǰЩүԸһôӰҲŶӵҪءط|ȥȻǶˡ
ԹԻ꣬õĻǵõط|˹طvһ¾ǰӵǶȥǸϻˣͲСˣȥû䡣
ϲط|ѵķһסС˹ܹܵģżӣܵ˵Ӫս߹ģʱط|Ҳǡˡ
磬Ҫȥɣװ׵ĵʥҲð⼸ڱòܵڹҲվ˽Ÿطv̯¶ǹ˼ӡ
ӺҲܲסԼԴǹʮգɹǱ߾ͽϵţάϵάϵ飬ʵСӵȲãȢϱˡ
ǰ˵˺ӵ֮֮ھǵʵࡣ⼸һֱ̫ƽҸǸڿƶǱߵʱࡣҲǽʮǱ߰ѸùǺҲڳʱˡ
⼸ʵԺź˶ûĵǡطv᲻ŮҲû취ȥһǶʲôʣطvûͲС굽ǻǶǿʮĴˡ
ѣүԼĹŮһôˣʥҲܲ˵ʥҪǲǾǳˡԵȵɹǱᣬطvҲ˳ƵͷһͷұŶƺƵɹŹһ¾ǽүͻ顣
үȥ˸ĵ˼Ұѱˣͼھ⸮ۡҲڳûԶȥ¾үﻹǲþóһʱڵøһȵ֮󣬻רһطvžĵ˶پơ
ǻֵܶžпֵ˼طvȾƵʱֳܱһˣүôôῴүû˵ʲôֵطvŮүɾ澢ˡ
һӦҵ󣬵ڶͻʥּ͵ȻǺ˶ԿݳޡǰѾ̧˲รķŵ˵ùȥ
˲ٺöһ˿ʥ裬ʵطvӶˡ˽¸ĵ˵ɲǿԼЦڰԽ֣أطvԽ᲻á
磬ǲ˰ط|⼸˲٣ǰ˵ҲǰǸСӣʥôҲǸ氡һôԶ´ھլӣǻҲסڶǰѳЩѵð
˻˵͵İɣ첲ĶءطvǣֻԼ԰͵˵طܰһ
ط|һƾ֪ԼȰԼ׸ˣԼûб°ܵŶȰûϵﻹи̫ء̫ôܳӣҲа취ʰӣû취ֻʣ¼ˣ̫ʩʩȻ֡
ôûʣȥһ˳̫ԺӣһӦط|ͺף͵ɹſƶȥºò˵ˣֻʱԺǱͻȻҴææȥ
⼸Ժ밲ʱ࣬ȥԺǱ֮٣ͻȻҪԼȥضС¡طvһȹȥˣû뵽ԺͿһԺôȥǲ᲻ãء
ˡϼҲǿǿЦЦأҳһϰ⻰˵ϵͦƽոСû˲üҲֻԷһ治ˣܲܰ¾ȥ
һˣͷˡЩһںԺסţúûĲ˵û˿̹ԼһʱҪ䣬ȥõµūŲˡһʮǶôˣۿҪôôһ
϶⣬ԼҲö˵ʲôû߾õȣûþͰϴ߸ͳˡǺЩûˣҲ֪˵Щʲôá
Ҳûģ˸󣬱ͷˣֻغԺȥˡնλˣ˼ҹǸŮ˸ױû˵ʲôġ
ʵ缸֪ˣڻ԰֮˸˾Խ顣ûв͸ǽ˺˽͵͵ˣҲʲôˡǲ֮Ǿûٶ˵ʲôء
ģŮ˭²ҪŮЩ˭һĲҪǲ˵Ҳ¸ＸԼģЩ֪ҰʲôʲôɫȭãýʵǻӡҲ͹ȥֻƯ롣Щֻ֪ŮֻЩ
ǵĻ˵ᶼˣԼͦ࣬ҲûͣԼʵʵ˶Ժȵϰ¸طvһ˵̲סп泤ˣж溢ĵطǾжȫĵطˡ
ôп֮طvЩǰｨٺã컹ͦϾġͷطvһûۣϴ֮ǰȥߣǼƺǺ޲ȥ˵ҪۻǱˡ
ЩҲֻ룬ڶһ컹ûطvģ׼ˡʵ׼Ķ׼ˣڸߵ̣ÿĵͷ֮ƽǣſϺͷ̲סˡ
㣬ްһҾͺ޲ò㱳ˡۼôطҪܵһӣͱ˰ɡһ·ߣﻹʵ˵˵ԼҲ˿ǻڶԶǱǸߵϲҲû˵ʲô
˻Σһ·ͳǣֱ͵ʮͤŲòͣµطvֶֻ£ǺȥԼҰϸġŮʲôľͲҪˡ
ߵطvǰСʱǱ߽סԼ֣һ컰û˵ڣ㶼ʡ꣬ҲھǵʱɶౣأϳŸǺȾȥҪǳǴԼǵöˡҪ¶Ͷʹʹپ
ҪǧǵøŮдţҲдǧŮһ˵Ͳͣµ꿪Ůͻ
˭۴񡣡ŮĻֽطv޲ھʹŮߡ˵طдŻòõıŰ꣬ǧϲǡһʲô͸˵궼͹ȥ
Ůϧ೤ʱ䶼˵ġֱʱˣط|ִߣطvŰ˸ߡŮԶȥıӰطvһֱվͼ޵Ķһ˶˲ת
ȥ·طvû߿ϣͷһؿ޵˵Ҳѹôڸǰôĺӣ˵޾ôôáʵǼܲס϶޵øɵƵģһֱſֹסĴá
棬ҿɾֻʣˣɵöҺá޵۾˵Ĵү֪ˣҲȥһ컹ǵø
ãͶһ˺áͻȻ⻰Լռ޸ڹ߰׶εʱҲô˵û뵽ʱô꣬⻰ԼִˣҲ֪ø˺ãʮָ˵ĺá
ĥߴ˺ðžô·طvҲҪǣߣߵû˭òԣý飬ÿ˶طvǻôһֱһֱǣȥ                        
շֵʱе᲻ãûϵǺ߻з~
  ʮָлλʱ飬ϣҲһɰĺҶϲ~
  ϶ǿɰ~ҿ϶ϲĶԲԹ
  ȻϹأۺ~ٴθлλ

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