صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

Һͬ
ߣɽľ
İ

*
A׸Ůһ
˵ǹ¶ԺСãæŹĵЦ˭֪ȴһ̸·Ƿ󲻿ԵƯŮ
ģôҲŴŮʣסЩǮˣ
Ϊ׸үүؼңӮ°뱲
ֻΪʲôû˸үүҵ֮ǰµļ̳ˣȻѹ
Ȧ֪׸ļ̳˻ԸݲˣĸջȥͲСĴŷĻü
˶Ϊˣȴû뵽ֻϥְЬͻüҸϲ˿ȸ
ˣ
ģ
תѧУ󣬲ŷֲ
ࡢ̫ࡢʺҲˣĦȭҪ
ģҲҲ

ʺǵֵܴģͷβֻһ
һ仰飺ֻȸ

ݱǩ Խʱ Ŵ  
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ   
==================

 1 

ĳ֤֮ǰƬﻹк֤ܶүϵĶôһֱ㣬û뵽㾹ȻһֱAǡ
˲˲۽ǣһҪ˵ȥ
Ĵ㶵ţʶع飬ע⵽ΧϤĻʶվ
ģôˣ
һͷǵǵ۾ϳ˭ɫ£û¡
˱ôһ΢ȶЩſڵңүүһӵԸڣ㡭Ըүү𣿡
ĳĬһ˲ܸʮӿʱ𣿡Ҫһʱ˼
ȻӦɳϴĶſ۽ǾͿʼỨæͳᣬȻû˵Ϸ̫ḻ˸޷Ĵڡ
ĵ˼ʱ̱ţֻԵĿߴȳȥȻ˲ûҪߵ˼
Σֻܺѣүүһ˿ǡ
һ£漴һϲүү
ȻأӦýʲôʧЦʯһ΢΢򵥵Tţп㣬崿ĳ࣬СŮһȴ͸һλߵʡ
鸴οֿۺŵúãȳȥúÿǡ˵ȥˣİŹϡ
𣬷˲ֻʣһˣһɳϣԽǰ¡
ղŵλ˾A׸ᾩҲүүǵʱԼ־ϲæӭţµʱǰһڣȻعʱѾݳļŮʡ
ݳĻʵۣҲҩӣһֱڴϣ̫ҽԺЩҩȻĲʵ̫أջ˹ϡ۾Լִ˻Ǹµʱ򣬸Խǰʱ޷Խˡ
Ϊӡ֤Լ뷨ͳֻۣȻ201783ڣԽ졣
ԡĴˣ
ı΢վĬĬߵһЩĵذϣͻȻʼֱȸо֫ʱĴü䣬ÿͷ˿͸ʧõϲ⡣
˰ÿļţ·Ҷ߼˵ˡ֪˾ܴͲһֱాţһֱ;ƿݲ
ð뷨Ժһ˫۾·ôô룬Ķʱͽסˡ
ݳ֮ϵ֮ǰΨһڴԵˣԼˣģô
Ļ˻ԴݳЩ¶׵һߺٴλıQᾩʱͿԼղŻľƯŮҰһϴʮҲǼˣֳֻȷʵûһʱ䱻סˡ
Ľһ˲̹Թվ¶һ΢Цôֱӽˣ
¥ˣ˵ˣҾͽᾩګګ˵꣬ͣˣû
Ŀһô
ᾩعͻȻЦģǲǺܸˣ
˵ˣеڴһºЦԣܸˡ
ҵ˱һǳ˵£ָֻˣղʱϲø嵭˶ѡ
Ըһؼ𣿡ᾩСĵʡ
Цŵ˵ͷᾩ۽ֺˣӱһʰһ£ȥ¥µ㣬ҪĶͺãƷ·֮ļﶼС
ĵ˵ͷһ֮󣬱ᾩһؼˡ
ȥ·ϣᾩ򵥽һ¼Ҳ˼򵥵˽⡣
ϢᾩһֻĸһˣȴΪһֻͬһӣΨһĶˡ
ô˵ԺҺˣʡ
ᾩһ£ǵǣ㸸ĸ֮󣬼ֻһˣ㸸ĸĹǰһӣңƺһձ֣Ӧý塣
壿ĺ档
ᾩſΪһһֱ̳ģôҲˣ˵壬ʵܲˣҲֱӳƺ֣̫
ͨ˼Ҳˣֺ˵ڱ˵ǸҲм̳ȨΪΨһĺӣֱ϶Էļ̳Ȩûʲô
Ĳ֪үү̽⣬ֻǰԼ뷨󷽵ǽɣϾ
ýͬʲôܲ˵ģϾǵݳƺĺΪ̡ڼ̳Ȩݳʵۡһ׸ļҲû
ڵֻ뽡ĺͼһƽƽĹһӡ
ᾩԭЩܽǸӣû뵽ôͻ֮࣬Ů
ŹȥһСʱ㵽ˡ
Ŀ򳵴⣬۱ҵĴš߼ܵıͤԼź󷺰׵ʯ··Դ̵ĲƺᾩĳϽŴ򿪣ӻʻ˽ȥ
ĿųǰһΣֱ·ͷһǰͣˣĸᾩ³Ĵǰı
ǰǼƽʱͺ;ٰĵطᾩ˵ţߣһκǰֳһǸ޵ĵطҺõҲӲѻһ㶼ýǹ
ý㣿СģĿ
ᾩЦˣ˵ôкӣõܼŮֱϵͽ壬ô˸С֣
ҲЦҲˣܲܽдɡ
ᾩŮԽԽϲԭôûԼңڼô֪ףʵο߰ɣȥķ䡣
ĵ˵ͷɵĸ˹ȥסڱȽϿλãҪһ̳ǰʱע⵽̳Ӳھµׯ԰·һ鱻ķϵء
ע⵽һֱڿ̳ȻȴͶ䶼͸ϰԵڡᾩЦŽɣĲݶСֵġ
С壿΢΢ȡ
ᾩף⼸̳һļûпչƽʱϲֵľЩҰݣ˵
С湻رġ²һ䣬ȴ
ǵݳʱϲʲô˵ԼϲǿʢҰݣ˵֮ûãĻҰݡԼҲˣѻʹЩ󻨲ȫˣһ߰Ұݡ
¹ȥˣһԼЩݣǻ޵ͬʱҲյʱԼ
ģĽ¡ᾩѡ
Ĳ¶ɫĵװûһǰߣܿ͵סᾩס¥ķ¥
ȱʲôҪʲôңҹܼҲСᾩݡ
ڷתһȦŸݳƷ·ΣﲢûʲôᾩڴĿЦҺϲ
ǾУԺ¥ģôʹþôʹã롭ϴҲУۼҸãڶ¥ס㳳ҵġᾩֺǺǵ
û뵽Ÿղŵ£ЩεЦЦæתƻ⣺¥ûס𣿡
Сķ䣬ϲ֣ԼںС¥סᾩش
С壬ľôԼϻҵĳʼСֵƵʾ̫˵㣬ڻеˡ
ʱ䣬ͽʶϢһ°ɡᾩ³뷨һĿڵ
ľĵ˵ͷȵϵʱñɫȹӻϣִһΣ˳㻯˸ױžֶׯԼ鲻΢΢𴽽ǡ
ݳ꣬ȻһֱڻҲѧ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ˴ô˻ġүү׼ЩʱȻΣߴϸеִ٣һΡ
֮һֱά֣ԣǸͻүһദ
ھǰת˸ȦȥᾩˡȻᾩԼ׼Ķʮָˣסġ
ү˵ʱһӶ˹ү˵ѾϢˡ
Ǽˣеʧ
ᾩ̾ǳ԰ɡ
áĵ˵ͷշԺܻġ
үһ˷ѵûҩĵĿζһԾЩղסŵסɲ£ֻȥ԰ɢ
һߣᾩ̲סĨᣬԼĹܼ߶ôãŲһ˵࣬㿴Էһȥʮ궼ûԹʲôöɡ
ˣԺҽгóԵģǸССúòܼҲŷᡣ
Ĳ֪Լʲôɢڻ԰ɢžЩ巽ˣԽԽƫƧߵ·ƶûˡ
˿ϰ˵࣬ܺڵϹģûֻֻӲͷƤ·һ֮ǰһС¥ŰûС¥΢һ룬뵽λСס
ЩĿڵĽ¹ȹϣӳһǳĹԣվʱҪһ㡣
֪˶ã¥ĴͻȻ򿪣һӰΪûпƣ˶ںڰֻһ
С塭ΪʲôϤĸо                        
лҪ˵ˣϽǵ˫֣ҸǷ¸̫ˣɾɾģҪʲôطǰæ׽

 2 

ŬҪԷĳ࣬ΪС¥ʵ̫ڣ˰춼ûʲôֻܾʹա
СãҽģүүŮջصҡĳ֡Ȼ֪ԷԼ󣬵Ǹûеȳȿڴкĵ
¥ǰ˰Ŀûп˵˼
ĿʵʣںڰУҲܸоеԡ
֪Լȴ˵ĵؽ磬ĲԣҲ˵Ŀ⣬ֻǸԲҸջԼﻹϤСߴˣ뿪
˵òĵƬ̣ԷǲԼԭ·أźǰߡΪ·ߵס¹⣬ߵ·طҪһ㣬ҴߣֻһһǰŲ
˵ҹֻ΢縧Ҷɳɳʯ·ϣԾķ
۾Ӧ˺ڰҪӿ첽ʱͻȻɳɳҶУһ졣ĺͻȻ򴽷˽ŲĶҲŷˣӿٶȣĶҲżӿ졣
ΣУɵòɫԽԽ죬һȿһ˶ϹȥǲϥǵĶȹϥǺСȶ¶棬·ôӲһ㲻ѪҲϴƬ
ҪʱͻȻһֻı䣬סͻȻ˼ʵϡľһվȣһ˶ӲˣȻ£ʶŭ˭
ԷһԲȴסļֹͷĶ
¿ˮ˼ҪҪʽʻʱͻȻ飺С壿
Էǲ˵ȴ΢΢߬ˡΪúܸܽоȵ£ľϢ
Щʣȴû̫ų⣬ĬĬǰŲһһ롣
ĵ˰Σά䣬ֻѣллվˡǸ˻ģ͸ɿˡ
ȻԷƺ˵άԭжһԲǰߡıƳһ·ʶڴԼȥǳ˳顣
ûôֵˡ
ֶһǰһСѧƻһǰߣȵйĵطĿϤĽһ
ֻɿˣĹһ΢ЦعͷҪлͿҪлѾתˣֻһıӰܿʧںڰУӰûˡ
ɻĿʧķϤԽԽء
СС㣬ô
Ļ񣬿ߴżӶ˵ķװ󣬺ͻЦЦҸղ·ˡ
ҪطҴȥɡӶæ
ĵлŶԷһǰˣ쵽סʱʣСƽʱܲϲ𣿡
Ӷ㶣Ӧ˵С˭󣬳ɵĻش𣺡үȷʵϲһ˴ţƽʱǶҿС¥ôȥѧУȥ˾ٴС¥
ĵ˵ͷҲ˶ԷղŵΪ
Ӷ˵лľͻطˣϴϴˢˢ˰죬ɵʱѾҹʮһˣ˵Ʊֻ᲻˯ûֻˣڵ˵Ƕ˹飬Ȥһһ飬˿巳
ԼҹĺǵڶȫʱѾʮˡĿһʱ䣬ЩյӶˣǲп
ССô֪Ӷ˾ȡ
Σּͥһô¿϶֪ҲҪġ֪˯ôˡ
Ӷ˿Ϊ˯糺̲סźһʱ侹ȻҿˣһЩССģд֮Ϳˡ
Ϳˣ΢΢ȣ˼ǳģüֱӻؾʲô
Ӷ˵˵ͷ˵ջҪúϢûҪôˣĻӭϣٰܸ˾ͺá
ҲáķүүҴҵ󣬲ݻ飬ˣɱһֱ̽ãǹƽ¶徲Ǽһȫʡ鷳
ͦõģϲ
ȻüˣǾͼɣ£һֱ緹ʱ䣬Żе·ȥ
ᾩѾڲˣЦе˰³Էˡ
ЦӦһԹԱߣϷʢʳһʱʳָ󶯡
Ҳ֪ϲʲôԾó˵㣬Եùߺ𣿡ᾩʡ
ϻ۾ѾˣԵùߡ
Ǿͳ򺣬ģرʡᾩ˵ţ㿪ʼԸвˡ
æʣС𣿡
С¥԰ɡᾩڵ
ĺĿһۣڴĿ³˳򺡣ζQζʮ㣬ȷʵǷǳóԣһԾЩͣ
ᾩȻʳʢȻĶۿ̲ס죬һǿЦݵģöಹУٸʢ뼦
ллүү̵
ᾩЦʢһ߿һģ˵·ˣ
ԣұɢɢģҲ·ˣ֪Ӷ˸˵ģǲ˼ЦЦС͵·ƵĵطȻһ㷽Ҳˡ
Сˣᾩȣ֪
ĵ˵ͷҡͷû
ôģᾩ⡣
ĸЦһСôϸһ£ᾩ˺ð죬ͻȻЦ
ıһ£ʧЦôЦ𣿡
ûҾû뵽СӿǡᾩЦõҡҡͷ
ĵЦ꣬ʣүүСʲô𣿡
˯ǰϸһ£ֻǲϲ˵ĻȫԲҪסֲ׼Ϊе֡
ᾩòЦˣĵ̲סЦˣðſڵ˵ô
ģ
ᾩЦĽͣǸðһȾԣ˵棬Ӧ´Ⱦ㡣

ᾩ˵ͷҽˣʱһûȥ֪µġ
ģ𰸾Ȼãļ򵥰
ᾩЦŸ˿СţȥʱҲû׼ҽţǸŸ˵仰
С廹ǡɰʧЦ
ᾩ΢Цҡҡͷ㻹ûˣͲ˵ɰˣǸӰʱ¡
ô𣿡ü
ᾩһˣʱоǲһҲ֪ɵΨҶԸԺ֪ĶҲֻü񡣡
ü񣿡ͷ
ᾩ˵ͷС˺üˣøʲôƵģȥѧУһֱţȦﶼ֪Զ㣬ȻҶ¡
֪ˡİ
ᾩȰĿβ̾һʵ֮ǰһֱݲ㣬ڿĻҪ¡
ͷһ
ŮҸ˵ʵ߶ˣҲ⣬ʣһˣСţҲųŵڡᾩ˵ţۿֺˡ
İοĸ첲
ᾩ̾Ҳ忴ֻϣһֱţһˣԺ󲻹ܱ˵ʲô㶼ҪүүС֪𣿡
׵ġĹ˳
үү˵ʲô֮ǰСΨһļ̳ˣˣ̳Ȩᷢһı䶯үүԺ¡
ᾩôĸ˸ȣĵıнˡ
һԵ̫ţֻһߺȳרŸıɽƷһڼй
ף·ȴʮ̵ɢŲţСߵһС¥ǰ
ģеϤˡ
̾ҪŤͷ뿪ͻȻһС
ʶȥֻ¥յĴ̨ϣһɫƷ£̫Ĺһֻüеû졣
üúܺãëͷ·һ㣬̬ӯԲʮֽοɰֻǸװĻȣԵеˡ
Ŀ̲סЦΪʲôֹˡ
վС¥ǰĿյ˻ӣϺˣƵת뿪û߼
Ķһ£Ťͷ˹ȥպÿһֻȳƵ˳޳ָһͰȥˣһ봰ٴιϡ
ģ
ԵջҪк֣оͷ󣬱ŷŵĶ׼뿪ûС¥ͻȻһ
Ļͷһߴˡ
һ£ճխסϵķס罣һüëֻ¶һ˫۾
ĺһξ룬̫ȴĪϤУѹָоɵĴкСá
겢ûӦԼ˵ľ͸ʱԷȴˣš
ֻһ֣Ҳ㹻һˣ΢΢üС壬ҪҪȥһҽԺƵøһȷڼܺ
ûзӦֻǸ֣˵Ťͷͽȥˡ
һ˲ȷСȥֻǿ˯˽ȥȻͿϷ˺ܶԵģСվԶĵط
ס²۵ģ¿һϵĳʳȵķÿһϲģаüʽ㡣
Сô֪ϲЩ΢ϲĿ飬ЩԾǴ͵ģΨһĿ˲˵жϲã϶ǳġ
ûлش⣬ֻɳɤ˵֣԰ɡ
ճԹӷŵģ
ĬĬƬ̣ĸЦҪҴȥ
˲˵
򴽣ֻ£һСĵļѵĳšȻԽݳΪҩԵʣȷʵûʳζˣڶԺóԵĶЩ̰ʵڳŵûţĳԲˡ
СѾ¥ˣһڿֲԼ뿪ֻŵĬĬԣųž̲ס⣬ɳ˯ˡ
֪˶ãٴγڿһ˫۾Ķָ֮ȥǵĵм

 3 

һ˯еãʱѾĵˣ۾ϸһ̺ӣʱЩ˼̺ӵúߵ¥ݿڣ̧С壬ˣллд
¥˻Ӧ
һûµĻҾˣע塣˵ߣЩԵʱĬĬ¿ˮ׾Դòÿס˴ĳ嶯󲽴Ա߹ˡ
·ҹ֮ԼϤˣ֮ҲûȥС¥ˣɢɢĹ彡ݳ
άֲһܣ͵Ļӭϡ
ΪǣһȸүүȥĹ԰ҵȺĸĸ֮ǰջʱʵѾݹһΣξ߸
ȻǹɿĹϸĸƬۿ΢΢ˡ
˴Ĺ԰ʱպǰ˺óһأһʱͨˡ
ᾩͷ۵Ŀǰĳôƫƫʱ³
˾˵ٵȰСʱˣüġİο
ᾩ˱Ůһۣ̾һȥ·У㲻һŮӴ鷳öʱС
үʱΪ˷㣬˱װȥʰһ¡
ҾҲ򵥻·Ц
ᾩˣǲУһŽŮȫأǰ·Ư뻻ϣϹǵۡ
ĿЦãһҿ϶Ҫٵܾá
Ǿͳٵܾ£ҶʮˣҲһᾩ˵ͳֻСǩͬȥˣƻҲܰæ
ҲԼ߲ȥġ
С岡ˣĺ档
ǰߵʱͲˣӦúȫˣᾩ˵ͷȽйܼд곤ģЩСύŸɡ
˭ʡ
ᾩ绰ʱڵϴθģǸý㡣
ĶˣĬĬ˵ͷ
ᾩһжǰ·㱻ͨˣ˾ϰѶλͻؼү͸ȥ·ˡ
ᾩʮӾͻװֱȥǰŴкֱ¥Щϻˣһ¥ǻš
ǳɫȹС߸շת֮䣬û뵽ӻᱻίΣó˴Сȣдÿһ͡
̸ʱע⵽ſ˭۾һæ±ӭȥſڵ˸ߴӢʱ˵ۡ
ɫ΢죺үôˣ
үү岻ҴүүС㡣˵Įĳ˵ͷ
źЦϲˣӦúܲɣ
ֻǿһۣûҪӻ˼ô˿ţЩΣڨڨɣҪĻǵýҡ
̧ߣֱһ徻Ľˣͷβûпš
ſĿ޳ӣһķᣬҴСĻΪİɡϵЦ΢΢ɬ˵ʲôζ
Ž㣬ȱæˣºȿˮɡƽʱϵȽܵСüһվſڣ̽
˹ȥÿ𣿡
ܿˣЪЪɡСЦŸ˱ϡ
ЦЦ̸
ղǸ𣿡Ůʡ
ȥЦ˵ͷû
ĻҪ˧Ůһ¶ɫ˵ѾʼʵϰˣƵȴѧҵҪ̳мҵֳôӢȦĽԺãҲ֪˭
ˣؼּҴҵģϵҲССǼΨһм̳ʸĶӣAҲҺŵˡŵСýӻ
˵ģЦ
ʱЩζϵЦЩ
˵ʲôأ˵Ž㣬ôġŵС̷
ɫЩѵ˵ĲүүΨһŮҸȲԶˡ
˭˵ģҲֻǲǵѪԵϵϣ˵ܹҹĽʻѧʶ϶ҪǿġСñŷĺš
źЦĿһۣ֭һڡ
Ž㲻𣿡Сʡ
΢ЦҡҡͷôˣҲ㡣
ŽôǿôأѹôءŮĽ
СֵĿ佱ϿŽ㣬ɲֹΪǿΪСҳһֱŮûôҪĳϣҲǽô
찡ͻ˵˵үү½ңΪǴĹ԰³ˣʲôŮŮģô˵һô죿ű֣۵ȴЦ
Сô˵ʱͬĿһۣŽ㣬̫ˡλСô£ҿϸղž͵ˣҲ¶˰ɣ治֪ǲػڰڼӡ
֪ô˶ڵ˵̾߶ôһֱʧܶ²ҲýԺöС
Ҳ̻ܽУС˵ûסЦصĳ֣Ǵչ֮ѹ˵ˣ˶ڵ᲻ſޣ
˶ʱЦֵĿһۣ˵
һ¶ԺСãҲûôĳ棬Ầ¶Ҫ˵㲻ſޣҲ϶òУηηĸֻһСõ
ҲЦҪô˵ǲǸýȥô˶ˡ
˵˶׵ġ
ɣôҲ˸·ġ
ˣֲֺڵģȷܺÿ
˼ԽеЦ֣˵ע⣬ͬŵЦģҲпߵģܵ˵ҲһССϲ̨档
ˣҿЦˣ𷴸Уһת˻⣬һֱ汼ƤҲпܵģһʱ䣬ƾͻڣڴ´磬Ҳһ
ȻֺıǩŮԳԳԵЦȡЦʱŴͻȻһ˫С߸һɫСĳ֡
Ϊʱ䣬ֻһױںڵͷ£󣬶ׯ͸һ˿Σֻվʲôû˵ȴ˵Ŀ⣬ԭ涷޵СǣϵĹһ˲ʧȥеɫ
ȴзӦΪʲôͣϽӭȥãǣ
ģº͵ĶЦЦͨһѯԼһжϣý㣿
ԡ˵Լ˭󣬻Щ˵ˡ
΢΢ףýˣȥϢһ°ɡ
ıǶԷԼæôãҲЪЪˡȻȴڰʾԼøλˡ
һ˲еԽб飬ѿվղ˵Ļ·һԼϡ˵ЩŮҲûõȥ¹ͷģһ仰Ҳ˵
Ĳ֪ղŷʲôȻǵıʮ΢δϣǽĿһһɨ򵥵ĸÿ˵վλжǵݸߵ͡ʱԵһ˲
⡢ⲻ𣿣
꣬үүˣֻ𾪣ߵүүߡ
֮ʽʼˣᾩ첲ĺЦȥүŵߵ̨ϡ
ᾩֺǺǵĿʼ˵껶ӭ´Ǻ󣬱ֱӰƵǰҽһ£λᾩΨһŮģʮ֮ڰ˸һˡ
̨һƬҵע⵽۽Ƿ죬Եĺ󱳣ᾩЦЦ֮ľͻתԣѧԺСкóԵĺģǵôҸʽ֧֡
ȤĻһЦҶڰŮȦӡ
Ҳ˼εĿһۣҲû˵ʲôʵûȤӭκһȦӣҲôǣүүĺ⣬Ҫġ
תѧڻ𣬾֪ôһתתɣѾѧˣﶼһ
ᾩ´ǺҲ򵥵˵˼仰崿ȴ߹ͺһҩĵȣ㹻Ư㹻
ֻһλʱ䣬ѾڳĴ˽ܣֻһСֻ˵ķᡣһжûϵˡ
ọ̈̄ڿЪһʱһʱȥǸ೤һģһˡ
ҹȥʱԷ׼뿪Լ󣬳Ĭĵһͷ
ŵ棬ԽԽة࣬Ƭ̺΢ЦŴкãҽġ
֪۵һ˿ײ
ȽԼ飬ԵʮĮĲ⣬ԽԽϤĸоջңԶԼĹϵ̫ǣ
飬˵һ£ȻѵһͣҼүүүүѣǡ
ֺӱհһ˲ûĻ̲סʵ飿
飺ô
ǡʶ𣿡Ŭƽָȴס˲ة೤һҲһδɺ̫ˡ
˼Ƭ̣Һͬ䣬ʱ߶Լеӡ㻹ǵң
侲һ˫۾ȴ˵ЦƵĻˣ֮ǰ֪￴֣˸ΣμǻʵۣǸҵ࣬ҲҵʦղŸʱһʱеֲʵξˡ
ˣȻ黹һ룬һ˿ʵĻһ۾ͿˣڰԼ񾭲ˡ
ҾǿЦЦ𣿡εЦЦ
룬Ц塣
ˡ                        
лҪ˵飺Ҫ

 4 

лҪ˵дӴ֣23ѽȫȥ£ٿߵİɣҽΪ˸дһ࣬ǿ÷ľˣ¼
飬֮ЩĲˣӶǶԷϤƭΪûҪΪؼҶӻة࣬ûҪ
ôʧˣĲةࣿ
ڽһ˼£Ƕλ÷
һֱעţʧĬĬ߬ȭͷһ仰Ҳ˵
Сֱ˵ˣĲǿү˰ɣ
Ӧǣ㿴ĿתӣһŮӻҪ濴ˣӦú׾ܼ޽ؼҰɡ
ղ˻ڳģ֪ѾһȻᣬȴû˸Сˡ
ǿЦЦ˵Ĳ18꣬ϴһ黹ء
˷˭ֱӽ鰡ȶ顭
˵˵ʲôأŵСóүܿ
ҾͦõİǽƯİɡС
㣡
ˣüͷ΢лú˵ʲô
˶ʱ˵ˡ
ӸղžͳĬһŮõҾǲܶ顣
̿
밡ȻϵŮôһֱ̳ǻϸղŽĵʱֲֻ̳Ȩ˵û¶ĸļ̳ˣǻ;ؼԼвŮоݵ˵
΢΢ף˵е
һĹϵأ顣
仰һ˵˶ЦˣŶ̲סЦղŷŮ˶ԷһۣϵܺãôӣΪʲô¶棿
˻Ȼ֪Լ˸⣬˼ЦЦ
˻СðһߣССҪûүĻԻүֶΣ͸ûϣүһˡ
΢ֵĿһۣ˵ЦĻ㻹氡
Ҳ㲻£СżĲͷϣҲ䣿
̾ˣЩˣ˵۴ЦҲ֪ӶˣûдĻüɹɹ̫ʵһ͸үү˵ǱֻһӶˣû취˶չ˺á
Сͷһ˼ĳĬˡ
Ļ˼ة£ûʶıչ
ù緹󲿷ֳĿ˶뿪ˣʣµĶ׼ĶϢЪţΪϵľƻ
үүһˣܻصסϢˣһһ¥˵ɳϣһָ붯
үү߽󣬿⸱ӣЦ۵ʲôӣϽȥ·ҽЩԵġ
ȻܷʢЩ˵ĶæдˣоȥԷСŮֻһˡ
һгԵģֽȥ¥ϴ軻·ˣŰɵͷ泯ĳڲʱᾩС֣˭ʶ𣿡
ɾȫŮĵĻش꣬㿪ʼŵ̻ʡ
ᾩЦеĿʳԸ뱥ŽӻϸȷʵƯ㡣
үү۹⡣˵Ѿȸռʱˡ
ᾩϲ׽ķʽЦϲϣүү˵ĶʵұŮ̫ҳˣ֮ǰѹүүû˼˵λӭ磬֪ж˵ſЦ𣿶泤󣬽϶ãءǣ
ʧЦүү㹻ˣôš
ûпţʵүүҲû뵽һҲܳôãᾩ˵ҪʣǮ˼ҵĺӣѧòѧǿǮʦ̣㲻ûôǮȴҲôãӦ˲ٵĿɡ
ı˵һ㱣ðŴûܿ࣬Ҳ˽̵ġ
˭ǵúúллᾩæ
Ժ︡ĳӢ򴽣Ѿлˡ
ôлģᾩ׷ʡ
ȶůʱʱгҪزҽƺӶ˼ˡĿᾩһۣЩҪ˵ˣûಡҲಡ
͡˵ллһ
ᾩһں
ţʣæ˸ζס죬үүóԡ
ᾩĻҭסˣֻƵȰѶ꣬ȥѾҪ˵ʲôˡ
ı£׷ġʦ˭ֻסˡ
ʱͻȻ˺ܶ࣬Ƕ½ˣµĶСᾩΪȥкʣֻܿˡ
ĬĬųϴյᾩһۣ۵׵ԹƲס
Сϸûˣʱҽȥ㡣ᾩƵ
бһۣȥдЩˡ
΢磬˶ԸڣҪĴιۡûίԼ뷨߶̻ȥ˫ϵСƤЬȲԵ㣬ӲҲʮ
Цȫ䣬ֱҪСС¥ȥʱżʱֹ鷿ƺƯҴȥǱ߿
䣬һŮǾǰ߿ѣСⶼԸ𣿡
ĿȥǽһֱźŮٿţ˿һΡ
ЦЦǲԸ⣬ҪǱСס̫ϲ֡
үûڼ˵ֻȥתתûȥסǸŮֵ
Ӧͦ࣬˵кü˺Ӧ
ļ״õС£òӣǺЦӦˣֻڹȥʱǳĿһۡ
űĻĪճһľԶˣֻĬĬȥ
һͬߵС¥ǰһ۾Ϳڿյʯϵľɵһ£տӶأôѻü
Ȼû˻ش⡣
Ҹղ취֧ˡŵСѹŶߵ
״ƲĿ
ǣ̧ĵС㣬ĵСˣǸϽͻɣôŻô졣
ǻүϲǧˡ
ԥĿӣĻüƺ̫ԣҲ֪ǲŵ̫ˡ
һȦΧûӶˣֻǰ鿴ֻ˲䣬ͻȻɨ˵ŮʱòԾȻʱѾˣָϾмϸ˿ˣղŻĻüһͻȻ˳
û뵽ͻȻɳһ㽫ˡ
ȻܳŲ򷭣ȻУȴüܵġ
ʱͻȻֹˣ˶ԭأ񶼲Ҵˡ
֪˶ã˭ȵһ˲γһ㣬¶𾪵ɫ
군ˣү᲻Ƕɱˣ
ɣֲǷŷĻü
Ŀ˰
Сˣ˻ү鶼ˡ
üͷ΢ǵĿǰֻһ˲ݺôϸ˿ͲᶯüҲߣҵݺ֤ݣСֵȻ
뵽үү˵ֻСжҪĻ³ԼİҪΪǷսˡ
߰ʱԱߵЩͻȻĦֺһÿмһ·
֪˭СĵĽһүĵָһ£ͻȻµСͷҿԷֱЬСԲС壬ҰĻüˡ
˲˵ĸоȵߣҪս¿ˮ֮ӲͷƤ̧ͷڿԷӺ¡һе趼ը˷档
úӢ̵һֻһ˫۾Ȼÿȴִ֣֮ӡĿ촽һ£ȴʲô˵
Ҳƽĸӣһ˫۾￴κ
ֶʱΧ۵Ⱥа಻סС˵ˣҪҪϽ
аɣһô죿
ɡ𣿡
Ҿûᡣ
˲ɵӣ²ԼŷɵĻüȴĻүʱ̲סСźСöһۣжܿƵ¶һڴ
ֶ˵ӣС̲סĿ־Ӣ۾ʱͻȻ˵棬ĵϥأһּ͵̬İ֪ʱɢЬ
õǸð֮ͳöȴִѹȸУüҸϲ˿ȸ
ģ
ˣǲʳжˣȻΪʲôͻȻֻþ

 5 

Ϊ˵һʣһʯĿŸһģһ˵
үүԭ˳ƺĻүС壬ݳ
û飬˵ΪֻǸɸһҲǸɺһջͬһףɺϵĸʼСԲơ
ο̫Ϥˣϴǲ֪ǲǸһҲûݳļˡ
̫죬ľΥļˡĸоȻѾһԼǰֱʱһ˲ǿ¶һǸЦݡ
αװüãû˿˿Ƕô𾪺͸ӣżй¶һ˿ҲֻǺ׷
Ǹһֻ˿ȸ˳۾һֱ˺ܾãûҵ
֪ǲ̫ܾ࣬仰ڰʾʲô
ָһĸӣжʲôȻ˵ѹ̫ǿֻҴҶһۣ̲ס
СҪʲôĽ˿ȸ̽ʣشġ͸ڳĸλһԭȥ
˵Ĵһģԡ
ãȥгĵͷش
ˣš
ˣȻأ¾ôˣСŮô𣬻үȻûз쭣ֻһֻͲ׷ˣ
ǻӦЩ˵ʣ˿ŵͷСʵüôߵģ
ţĲɵ̧ͷ˵Ŀ˲䣬·صݳʳʱһشҪѹϽѵ
һ乧СѧԹԻش⣺˶ֽţм߶ˣȥʱߣü˾ţǱԭֱӴˡ
ôȷֽ߱ţ㲻࣬Ϊ˵ʶĮһα̱ƹĴ
ڳ˶һ亹һϰ˵ӣֻģֹɣǹʱСôϲüӦñȽĲʣһͳ⡣
˵ĹעһֱڻüϣĵķžЩ˶˾ֻһ仰ܲµǳġ
վȺУǵĵۣĬĬСԶ˵㡣Сú󱳳һ亹ȽҲЩûע⵽Զ
˻ʣô
öӦʱ⣬ְ취Խ˵ŻŵĽ侲һ֣ȥָƣ˵ָƣҡӶ˻ŪˣԼϡ
䣬Ӷ˹˺æүͬʱ˵⣬ȥ˾һˡ
ȻģԼ
İͲϽߣ̵˵ͷһۣת뿪
ĿԶߣʱɲ ֱֱԱߵСãϣ
һߣ޹˼ɣĿ⣬ѹ˲˶͸һֲŭʣڳ˶֮һݣ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥ
ҡҲ֪˵ʲôСõȽѾˡ
Ĵǹһ㻡ȣ۵ȴûЦ⣺ָƣ
۸ͷˣΪϾˣô׵¡ͻȻһ¶ԺĺӣҴС㣬϶ﲻƽ⣬µû뵽Ļӭϡ
ǴýҪΪɱӺžԺٳ£ӡ
ôţĵıˡ
С¿ˮɫŵĿţﰵգҲֻº͵ĸӣ𣿡
ҡСøտڣע⵽еİʾ֮һ˵ͷ
ΧʱһƬСۣСùԮվȺܲסѹСյʣղô˵
ҡҾǿֻüÿûסȥǲСİŪˣҲǹġСʵ
ЩεĿģģ治ǹģǵ̫СŻˣŲ˵ܲܿҵϣΣ˵һ£æ䣬ķ⣬ԭһκòã
ý㣬Ҳԭ£ֻε¿ûô򵥡ǳЦ
￩һ£ʲô˼
λղŹߣ޷Ǿߵͷϣ˵ʱŵ۾·Ҫ͸۾˼ôˣ߸˭ãΪʲôƫƫѡң
С죬һҲ˵
Ϊ㣬ŪģͲˡǿЦ
ɫɨСһۣһμңô֪Сң
΢΢һ㶣űĻˣͻȻǸ壬Լ˳˵ȥľͿԷҧй¶ҵ¡һ㣬Ŷʱ˵ˡ
ֻû뵽˵ˣȴûŹŪǹģ޻ҲǹģһеĿģΪҺСĹϵ
ûУСû뵽µһ㣬ɫ˲԰ˡ
Ҳæ԰ģֲ죬ôô
ǰ죬ΪʲôҪôأĺЦҸСĹϵңʲôôأ
͵ؽס
Χ˿ŵҲ̫ˡ
ģʲô˼
Ų꣬Ϳᾩˣۿһӭȥүү
ôǣᾩЦǺǵģٲȻһˡ
æȥһδĻѸղŵ˵һ飬˵ʵүүѵĲԣǸ
ᾩЦߵߣô룿
Ŷʱסû뵽Լ˵ô࣬ᾩȴһۣʱ类һơ
һѣС忴⣬Ҳ׷ˡĻƺʡȥǶ˵һ¡
û뵽߸£ʱЩȣȻʵ֤ˣΪĽŲһ䣺Ե±ԹԱ£Ҳ׷ҲѣԺĳϣҾͲȥ˰ɣò֪ʲôʱᱻݺ
ˣ
Ҳ˵Ժֳֻܶѡһ룬AǶûĸɵӻҴС㣬ȥһͨС㣬仰ڰλ׸ϳAȦ
λҴС㣬̫ˡ
Żæᾩүү̫ðɣҶ̧ͷͷ
Ҳȥ˼һ£ΪʲôԼύһѣʱڶǼˡᾩϵЦ⵭ˡ
͵ҭסɫڷˡ
һŮŮ𣬱̵İǰ
½ıᾩסˣΪЧʮ죬ȵᾩĸ첲
ܸˣᾩϲֺǺǵġ
Цеĳˣ԰ܸˣүүôôʱأʡҲ£ҵúúллС
лҸʲôҪллСȥᾩֶ׽ûղСҴ˵绰ȥġ
ģղ̫˷ܣʱ¸ˡ
һҪȥúлл֪𣿡ᾩǿ
ڨڨһЦ뻹ȷһ飺Сл
ǰᵽˣᾩڵ
ģˡ
һ;úѣصסͰԼһֱϾƻῪʼų
ƻһֱĵ»ͻȻֱ֣ƻûˣʱһϽطˡ
Ϊô˳ȥˣжױϴ裬˯׼˯ʱſͻȻ
Ů˯𣿡ᾩ洫
ѾϰĸְƣԺЦĹȥţôˣ
Ҹʲô⣡ᾩ˫һŤŤĵ⣬һǰġ
һ£ʱжˣллүү˵ȥӡ
ᾩæһǸģȥСġ
ģɶ
㲻Ҫллջȥл˵⵰ԸġᾩΪֶĹϵǲġ
ģôˣȥɡ
ȥͲˣھȥᾩ˵ţѵ͵ϣȻ¥ߣһֱ͵С¥ǰת뿪
С¥ǰĿյϣٴֻʣһˣС¥¥ŵĴһʱҭ
ŵɵվʮӣһûսپĺáǻôﲻݳҲǱĽ˿ȸûʲôµġ
˵ˣڵܿûм䣬һм䡭ǡװûԽˣûм䣬Կһ֮Ʋϵ
ӷתܿͨˣǹתߣһײһʵĻ
ģ
ңͷͳ
ĳĬһ˲ڨڨ̧ͷС塭û¥ϰ
ɢش֣һ˫۾ֱĶ
ֿʼܿˣǿսپлģ˳͸⡣
ͱĵ⣬ԼԼϵͣһ˲ЦҲǹġҪ־͹ԼûҲŵײ㻳
Ȼһǲ˵ģմԽʱΪʵȨĻʵۣʱضҪֺûŵԱȫȻЩҪˣһһŻˣѾϰˡ
Ŀһ仰Ҳ˵
ݳʱͻȻĳĬ˿̶ʱЩĻţǿ̽ҪҰϴ
гֻΪ˵л
СǸĲ֪ΪͻȻһ飬һ˵ˡ
۵˪ѩۣһƺʲôûСһԲС¥ȥ߾ʱ΢΢һվعˣ䵭
һ㶣˵ʲô󣬽ӲĻͷ
Ҫϴ·ղҲأ֮ǰƺûʲô
ȻĻȴŵȶˡ˻ΪŮˣȴǷǳģÿҪԼʱ᲻Ծĳֱ
ҹȥϴ·ԼСֶŮ                        
лҪ˵˵
¿ʼ˻һ죬Щ˵뿴ŴֵģҿǾǲӣ¼
ҴĸҴˣٸģǰ֪ͨҿĸСѻ·

 6 

˵ȥˣվſɪɪ˿̵С¥˵һֻ˵Ұޡ
ɼ֪ΣգʱҲܣ򲻹ûм䣬Ե顭һǴһУĥĥĽС¥
һ¥һҲûУĬĬŵƵĶ¥޿ߣܿͳڻǰ
ϣֻһԵС죬¿ˮӲƿΣյš
һ߽ȥԡŸպÿˣֻɿΧһԡĻ˳˶ӵ˲䣬Ķʱסˡ
һװңխһ˫ñֱ޳ĺһʵȳƱСϹַ
ǰһϴԶòˮ˳ż䣬ɲСһ·չԡȥ
ָ˲ϰȥɣ˳ָһѼʵĸȻǿȴǼõģݳ꣬ҹ§ݵܰȻ˯
ÿ𣿡ζʡ
һݣϣ壬ŮбôӼң
ûš
ת̲ˣûأѵڵң
ǡ
û뵽شô죬ҭһ£Ŭסã͵ˣһֱվʲô˼
͵ڵһˣֻ˳µļװŤͷߣȳɹԼΣյС¥ȳֲԵ֡
ĵС̴žž죬ĻֻޱĶ뿴
ʲôʱ뿴ˣ
۵һ˿ˮˡ
ĵȻ֪ԼˮղĲ˼ţ˱һ˵ȷʵе飬װȥҪԡһЦһ
㵱忴û뵽ôҵģûҪȥˡûǸƢֻ˶εļװʧ˵ŤͷߣһӻĻᡣ
мһϣ˻ߣıѸٳŰ忴ãŲġǡһ
Ծߵٶ뿪С¥һС¥ѾӾܣһֱ˷ϣľսϡ
̫ˣȻѾϴˣҪûʱǲҪɵɶˣһͻȻãмĿԺܴ󣬷򡭡Ǵı̬
û뵽ԼִҪ壬Ŀصϣýעˡ
ʮӺͷ˯𣬴ͷϵʶĻȦʶָвԣüͷһͷһߵԱȥˡ
˯ߵʱֹˣΪһΣص˸մԽݳʱ򣬷¯죬ʱܱҩŮⵡƣһӣÿһ̶õսľ
ʶԼôȥսһǱЩŪԼҸɽѡоһѡû뵽ѡ˸ġ
ϾҪֻǽɽǹȴǽɽҪˡ
ǵһ޹ʱ㵵۾ζĿڣΪһʼʱ׼
̸ȶ͵۾Ӧڰ󿴵ס˼ļңʶԼˡ
һɴ࿪˵ƴϷֱ⼴ЩˣŹǷ˯ȥ
ֻһû˯ãſھʹٴαһƵȥţƽʱչӵŮӶ
СС㣬үˣǰšŮӶ
㶣飿
ǵġ
Լʲôµʲôһºʣүүأ
ȥ˾ˡ
ĵ˵ͷϴٶȳǰſڡ
һ˽ȥһڴվһĮ۾΢΢죬ƺкܶ໰Ҫ˵
ĵĲ²棬һʱҲЩݡ
м¿Ŀȵ꣬Спȥ𣿡Ƶ
֪Ҳ˵ĵطǽĵ˵ͷһԲĴҳһ·϶û˵ֱ뿧İŹϵ˲䣬ͻȻϥ£΢μ¡
æȥﲻݳҲǻʵۣô񡣡
ԣԶǻʵִۡİꡣ
֪ƢʾһΣԺ׼ôҲ׼Գ΢ūЩ߰ġɲ뱻˵񾭲
Ҳ㣬ĬҪ
ºüʣʲôʱģȷʱûݳļ䡣
Ȼش𣺡ϣ϶һҹΣʱġ
ĵ˵ͷ̽ôģ
ûдԽ˵ͣһ£ǽͶ̥ġ
ģʲô˼
֮ԻʦҪѰĻǣһ¶ûҵиʦ˵ĻѾع鱾λ޷ٻˣֻʱա
ȴסһ𾪵ĴϣΪʲôҪҵĻǣ
£ɫЩ̫ã˵û׼ȴˣҪһܳͷ
ģ˷˰ɣֲģ
꣬ͻȻðһ⣺ȻҪһǣ˵ָһҵʬأǲûҰ᣿
ֹûᣬ˴ϲĶԷҺͻʺ󲽲ƣû㽻Խ˵ɫԽѿ
㶣Ƥˡݳи䴫˵֮źɫϲԺͻ𡭡һֱ֪ռǿû뵽Ѿǿ˶Źĵز
ҲЩ£˾ʱַʽһȫ׳Ϊʱյˣһǲȫʱһļ䣬ֻŻᴥǰ߳ɹһ룬ҪǰߵͰٱ
ʧ˻ôĽŵüͷ
鵭һ룬ͻûлͷ·ʧܣǾһλƮ
ĳĬˣ֮ɬѡ˺ߡ֮Ķ˭Ҳ˵ûãةôԾ
Ĭˡ
Һεºܣܵˡµܡ
鵭Įѵ¶һ˿Ц⣺Ǳ£ؼһʮڣлĻᣬΪٶ࣬ҲӦõġ
̫أĲԸ˵ǼղŵĻ⣺ôҲˣҲΪʲôҪ
˵һ룬˵ȥˣΪʵû취˵ΪֻΪ˷һٲ׷ġ
ʶ꣬Ҳ֪ռԱ鵭ЩȻʦģʦЩ飬ֻҸʺṫԬһͬԽҲΪʲôҲʱˣѵֽ֮ˣ
ǰûݳʱֻǻǶμ䣬Ȼ˶Էݡ
ȵһ£ʺǡǣһĶ𣿡һ򵭶ҲҪˣԽأ
£ע̬鲻ͬ
ͷۣע̬ʱ򣿡
ǡ
Ȳܻǳɹˣʺأץʡ
鲻Ҳɹˡ
ôȷˣĵۡ
Ĭһ˲Һ졣
Ǵȥǣ
˼Ƭ̣ȿѧͼˣڻǱȥˣ֮Ҫȷһ¡
ʲôü
Ƭ̣Ǹðˡ˵վƤ
ģ
ھ֮θлǺģû屨
ע£齫ƤɿҲһ룬Ȼ¶С.ǵһСƬֻһںڵӡǣˣ̥ǡ
ʲôĲ⡣
齫·´ãȫ֤ȲΪʲôҪȷһʽӡǵĻ˵һǼȻѾǾ֤ѾָˣҪС¡
ľемûǺܴģȻ֪ʺû£ǾȽµ
һʣôȷ
ȥһĻش
ģ
ݵĳĬ֮ĽܻͣڵҸϵȽϸӣȻûʲôѪԵϵҲһգĿǰ˵һҪһġ
ݹϵ֣ۣܺ껹Ŀģûм䣬ֻҪ㲻ԼŮʣͻлء
ģˣУȥ鿴ֲܱ֣Ҫǲ̫ˣ
£ʽʮΣգߵ㣬Ϊʲôʡ
ıʵ￪ʼΪʲôҶѡ
ദ꣬浽ȫ֪Լ⣬ֻ̫ռǿȣһʼǲ̬ġݸıʱ޿̶ֿơ
ҵ֮أ˹˵ĻȴΪ㾭һؽϵӣʲô
һ뵽ЩֶΣ󱳾һë
ֻҪûм䣬׼Ͳᵽĵزο
ģллûбο
ָƬ̣صĻؼˣһžͱᾩؼСʲôʱʶģ
졣֪˵ٻҲţɴֱ˵ˡ
ᾩüʶͳȥԼᰡ
ʲôԼᣬײˣҵǸءЦ
ᾩһԼͺãȻСҲͻСүүٶ꣬ôѡ
İүүҲҡĴ˿أ񰲸ᾩ󣬾ͻطϢˡ
ڷ﷭ȥô֤ݣӶҪըˣ󿰿һ⡣
ʱ֣һȫ룬£Էˡ
Ůôô٣ǸؼСӳȥʱԶˣᾩǵʡ
Ļûڣһ߾Ͷסȥˣ
ҵǸͼ˸棬û˵仰Ī顣
ѹ΢Զ㡣
Ϊʲô֪̽ų⣬Ǻݳʱһϲ׽˵ԭ򣬻ֻǼ򵥵ĲжǷм䡣
ĿĿûΪʲô
ģаɣȻ̽ǲ׵ġ
ﰵ̾һʳӲˣȵᾩٴιʱСүүҽȥʱ˵AǸտһˮ԰ȥ档
ҵǶأȥȥүүȥᾩЦǺǡ
۾һǼˮ԰бļĿһ˲үүҲ𣿡
Ůүүʮˡᾩѡ
Щʧİһô죬Һ棬ֲһ𣬾ͼһ顣
ˣѡˮ԰ҪӾµĵطȽ׿ƽʱ¶ĵطֱĻɣõİ취үү
ǾȥᾩȻϵ
ﻶһȴʮΪѵĿһȥ𣿡
ᾩû˵ȴȿˣȥ
үүȥҲֻˡֵ
ڵֻӳһ˵Ӱӣҡ
ģ                        
лҪ˵ģǰֱة࣬й

 7 

лҪ˵Ӧ÷֡ƺˣ͡ɿĲУֻܸˣ趨Ҳһ㣬ӱүүģүүѡϹɶ
ǿһûѪԵϵûϵûûжûУֻүүѵĶӣŮûκϵҲֻΪְֵıŶܲүү磬үү󲮣Ůٽɣ
԰ģ壬˵һþ͸һȥˡᾩ΢ջȻֺǺǵ
ǳ˳飬ڲͱס֮䣬ԥѡǰߣ㡣
Ļɨһۺ󵭵ĩпա
ıӦһ
ûȷʽ֮ǰС˵ĵ˳Էʱ䣬ʱ򶼰ֵĴԼɢȥˡ˼֮󣬳ɹ
ڵĩһˣ˶·Ӿ£صĳˡ
һߵͷүүڣֻлڲǰĿɨһ飬ŴԷ
ĳһǣĬĬѡԶĵطʱһ΢ЦϺá
šֻһ֡
үүأҪ׳
ȥˡش
ģŶ
ٴΰ仹֧ţһֱעǱߵĶľͱǰʳˡ
ҵĻʳʵ̫ˣʼ͸ִʳ󣬾ͶǺСˮƽ
ȻݳʱԵҲɽ亣ζʱﳤſζʳÿγһͿʼģܵ˵ҲûԶٺöڵҳ׼Щʳﲻ壬ʱθڴ󿪡
ʱڶĻרעİһС꣬ȻʼǰСźɳȰЩĬĬһ£Լٳһݡ
ԥҪҪ㷹ʱһ̧ͷͶ˻ߡ˿Ѿ˵棬αĶ˽⣬һֻõʱŻôɡ
ΪʲôͻȻˣΪԺܶࣿ
ҵĺˡ˵꣬޳ָһƣʢСƵм䡣
ģҿԼȥʢ˭ҪʣŶ
ˡ
û䣬ȴһвǹˣһ߳һݺǹһ£ȥ
һ뿪Ķʱ׳ԱߵӶ֣ٸҶ˷СţٻࡣҪѻ뵹֤Լй
СС㣬ݣѾûˣţ̣ӶСĵʡ
ĳĬһ˲ˣҾͺɡûҪϸһ£Ǿõ̫ϧˣүү׬Ǯô˷ء
ĬĬҺɣİõİˣһֱȵţߡ
ѾڳϵˣųںʶȥʻȻʻǱڣֻܱȸһ
õˡĴӪҵЦݣϳĬĬų
һۣԱˣ
ţܱĻش˵공һƬ
ӳٳٲĸɰͰ͵˻ҪҪҵ㻰ʱȿˣʲô
ͷ۷Ӿ¡
ûȥ
ĲĿ
ɫ䣺Ѿˣڼ
ҲҴˣĳɡ
Ĭˡ
ĺƬ̣ܾе㲻򵥣ǽĲһʣҪһǴɡ

ݳʱȻĿǿٶ˵֣Ϊвʱ򣬶ÿô˵ʱҲ
ٴ仰ĵ˵ͷӦ۵һ˿ССİգЩ˵İѰݸӶˡ
˾
ΪСһ㶼ˣͳֻʼϷĿĵ֮ǰһֱֳĬ
Ȼ͹˴ׯ԰ˮ԰ľ룬˰СʱϷ󣬳ӻʻ·ϣȻûҪ˼ȴΪڶֻϸղų̫Ķγˡ
ܣһüͷʱ㿪ˡ
ѾԼ¹ľģƵӦһճϣһֻĸ첲˹ֱӴӺ洩ļ򣬰
һʲô
ң㡣
æܾãһһ¾͡
Ȼ˵꣬Բݾܾ§˻θܣºֻǿʵ˳ˡ
ĵԹĿϣǼŵЩıζζڵθЩԾĶ¡
ϲ𣿡ͷ
ıץһ˲Ӳʣʲôԡ飬ζͦõġ
Ҳ֪˵һ£ҷ俴
ģò˰ɣϲϷСֶŮı̬ǾͺݳǶμ䡣
һ²ۣһϤĻûþ˯ˡƽ΢¶ָҲ
ܿ쵽ˮ԰ſڣ˾ͣʱӺӾȻ˯ģԥһºʻүҪСС𣿡
á
õġ˾Ӧһ㲻˵ˣٴΰ
֪˶ãһһү΢Ƭ̺ĸ첲
ٴ˯ֱСʱԺĴӻʱˮ԰˰
š
뵽ԼĴ˴Ͻӳȥˣһͷڳ
壬Ľŵѡ˲ǲ׼ȥ˰ɣ
ɨһۣȵȡ
ʲôĲ⡣
Ĭһ˲첲ˡ
Ŀһղ§Լĸ첲
ΪԼȥֻĦ˵ˡʱ򣬲´ߴ³
һڣǽˮ԰һȥľͲ˲ԣ٣˲ӦرôһοҲûУ
Ұˡش
Ķһ£Ϊʲô
˶಻ȫ
Ŀһֱںıڣеֻǡ
ΪʲôԱŮģһηʡ
еĿһۣҪеģ
ҡĻ߼ʱûҪеİôԱһеĶûУú𣿡
֡
Ϊʲô
ǻȥˣ˵꿴ѵǿ㴩Ӿ£
ģռôǿм䡣
ԼԽԽȷм䣬ɲۿǲĵģĿ˻һۣӾȥˡ
ʮӺſǱˮĳ䳤Ӿ£ޱĳǰ壬Ӿ£ûĸ뿴ԱŪߣǲ̫ˣ
̫ˡõ˵꣬˼Χϡ
Ϊ̣ôûӾ㡣
봩
ģӾ㣬ȥ漸Դ̼Ŀûһء
ҶЩûȤԼ棬㡣
ģԼû˼ȥһ£һ档
룬Ĭˡ
Ŀһߴ٣ȥɣһ桭ҪҲԣŪʪεġ
Ҳ֪ľ仰ˣɨһۣתȥиҡڴĵţһʮӺһλǱˮԱ
ģ㴩
Ҳϲ̵ġ
ǳ˳飬ϸԼͬĳ䳤㣬̲ס̾һ
߰ɡ˿òԡ
޿ȥģ
Ҫļʡ
һ£ʶԼ˵Ļŵæסȡһ£
ô˼Ŀ
ʶȥҪˣһôȥļˡ
ԣ
·ɣǾߡĿһ
ãҪðʱ򣬲תߡһߣͷԵĿΧһۣôôĸ˹ȥ
˭ԱŪߵģû˰ţ͵˲ҪֱŶ

 8 

Ϊһ˵ȶûУĺ谭˽һûмǰߣ֧ŶҵĶOO@@·󣬲СŲ
иҸŮҹͬ·ĵطһСɵģǰûڵ
ֻҪ˳ҵǸӣ͵͵һ۾С
Ϊ˰ȫ⽫ֻ˾׼ڸֻٿԴȥסˡ
ʱȣƶһ¼ƻ󣬾͸ϽŽǰߣ˳ĵ˻ڡվȣԷ뵽ǱˮֻпϽͳֻ
֧ŶѿˣһֵӾˣĲ˲ĺһ߶һôôֻβͣһͷŸڡµʱǽϣܿЧֻäһٳȥ
ַֻɿİſţһֱ֧ʱĿӺ׼ˡ
Ȼֵ˲䣬ͻȻһֻĴסӦͱק˸ڸӡ
ľһһײڶԷʵļϣæˣȴԷ˻
˿̵ǣһֻקһֻ߹½ţİ㶼ܶ
հ󣬻ʣʲô
ڨڨûȴͨ죺ҡҾ
˵ڣյ봷ǽôȥˣѾǸ޳ǸСŮÿζϻȴմԽʱһС
˹Ȼ
Ҫʲô
¿ˮ۾˵ϹûʲôðᣬиҸŮʲôͬ
ָ΢΢ô
ĳĬһ˲һۻͣսֻһɣֻˤڵϡ
žһ죬ֻˣ޹۾ô
˾ζĿڣû뵽ĵô󡣡
ģûʲôµĻҾˣϽ´ϡ
˵ܣȴֱֱӵǽϡǽ˴שĺ󱳶ʱһƬǰһĵطȴȵĺˡ
һһΧе㲻ܣ¶ûֻǿиɵвٲҾ͸үү
˳Ҳһ£ĹŮʲôƬ뷴΢΢𣬡㲻ãֻˤһ£Ƭͻᱻˤɣ
ĶʱˣֺõЦһ£壬ҪǾ˰ɡ
ȸңΪʲô͵ģ̇ϥǳסһֱſˣֻһס
ĸɰͰ͵ĿðһɵɣҶˣõġ
Ĭˡ
ҲŲˣֱӳ뿴ûӡǣɴ˵˵ϳʼǾһҶˣ϶Ǳõģһ㣬뵽ֱ˵ʣ͵һۣǵĻҲʡ𡣡
ʡ𣿡ѵһ
ĵٴκˣãȻԲѣ԰Ҿô
ĿãɿһϢ͵Զ룬һˡ
ȷ͵𣿡ζ
Ķһ£͵ְɡƬһûԲȷǲ㡮áġǿһµڶ֡
ôеʡ
ĸɰͰһЦҪҿƬ˵
ӸµĿƬֻ̺¿ƬɾˡĿۣȴ֨
ɾƬ㽫ֻװĿڴų̧첲Ѱɡ
ɵˡ
΢һ˫īɫŨû۾һֱǻң
Ҳɣ˸鰡İͲϣ浱ˣеûףб
ʱӿʱ䣬ϣ
ѣæ˵ڨڨһЦѡ
˵꣬ڻĿ£ʼ˼ģѲ飬ȰһԵ·ԼϵĿӶһˣҾرˡ
ƽʡ
һ·ɵĴһָָελã
Ĭˡ
Ķߵһˣû˼ŲӵҿûҾ͵Ǹ
Ƭ̣ȷҪ
ҪѾˡ
ֱڴשϣ
ģ
Լ˫ֲ㶵ûҪֵ˼
㶣ʲô˼ŭ޳ܣ쵰Ȼȥ
Բߣæ
ϧ
ĥһۣջǲָƤȥӡĶ۵׵īɫԽԽŨ
ĶŸѹĿһСڣǿ鼡ûкһӡʱһ
ȫûмҲָ֣
Ķʱϣü۶ˡ
ı飬۵׵ɫ뿴ˣ
˵Ĳ͵طӦæɿЦˣһʶ
ĵطƤһƬ࣬طûĬƬ̣ûҵҪҵĶôˣ
ǲ֤ˣԲŸ˵ôû¹ܿĺá
ôһʱô˵뵽ʲôѹ͵صĸ첲ʣ˵Ŀӣ
һʶҡͷûûа
΢΢˵ʱýˣȷ
İӡǶ׵Ժһ򶨵Ŀڣȷ
ҲϲƭòҪѡ޳ָס°͡
ĽӲĿҡûС
ƺ⣬ɿ°ͺ󣬿һúõָۣʶһüȥ˲ָٴɢ
ٲƤˡɪɪ
ŷſ°ͣüͷ΢΢
ĲȷĿﻹǾղһ˲䱬ռĴ
ʵڲģƬ̺Ҳ֪ү
䣬ûһ˿ң
ûûУҾͻȻһӾˣиɫүļм䣬ʱˡ
ԭԼ̬ȣΪм䣬ֻΪΪϰߡ̫ˣڵĻǵֻһı̬ѡ                        
лҪ˵ģֻǸ̬

¶ԼмƪĲôӦͦ죬Ϳʼұ
һŮʶԼ⡭ѣҪʶˣһ¾ʹ˰֮ǰүһֱڼ䲻Եȵ״̬ĸҲܸӣᵽûô๷ѪṣܿͿʼ׷
100

 9 

֪ûмһʯˣǰʱһ·϶õĴ»ʮֻ䣬Ҳ޷顣
Ȼ˾ߵ˱ļĳ
ģҪ
רΪģ
ڨڨһЦ񡭡Ŷ
ȥɡıۡ
ĬĬ̧ͷĿһ¸߶ȺˣʵҾñļûô棬ȥԵõأ֪¿һƷ꣬ǡҸʲô
һֵˣȻ̫󣬻Ǳ׵ļڲ޶
ۿž͵ݿˣȥ֮ǿǼʮ׵ĸ߿աĺߺΪһᱧסȡ
ȻͣͷǺ棿
ҡҲˡĿ̧ͷƲ쿴Դ֪ûмദʱͷſЩ
΢Ŀˣң
ٴƤһʶû󣬲Сĵûˣ㣬ʱˡ
ҰһˡϾôŹ
ĸɰͰ͵ôһأԷʲôСǱ𣿡
Сܾ
ĶҪˣҲĲУþͺҪȥĻһಡ
˵͵شѹ˲
һ죬۰Ͱ͵ĿԼ˵ˡ
΢βŻֵ߰ɡ
ȥģ
ҪƷ
գһ۾ץס֣վһɵĿڣ߰ɡ
յֶһΣĳƷԵΪġ
һصľ͸ϵˣ֪ûӡǵ¡
ѡ϶Ϊ㣬ƫƫѡûмʽͼʲôأֻﴫ
ĳԵ̫Щ֮ûм䣬㲻άֶϵҲͦõġ
ԼǣҪСģ̫ϻʼϲµȫȨ̫ϻԺƲʱٰԼĸһ֣ͻᳬΪĹɶǵ
ģ˭̫ϻʣ
үү
ǳ˳飺Щ߰ĳνʡˣֻҴС㣬ҳƺ֪𣿡
Ĭһ˲֪ˡ
򵥵ͨ绰ľȥ˯ˣ֮ʱ䣬żȥ˹⣬޹˼ɳԳԺȺȵӡ
µ׵ʱүүתѧһѧֱӸŻһȥѧУ
ԣµĹЩϸÿѧڵĿҲ࣬ȥܻеϣûϵøԼ̫ѹᾩֺǺǵ
ѧϸжϸĲûзϣ֪ˡ
ᾩ⣬Ҳûж˵ֻǰѧУϽϣ˽һ°ɣ쿪ѧˣȥ
õүүİϽ˹үү֮ʼһŷ֣ԣ治㴫ͳĴѧ
һ˵ѧзǳרҵЩרҵ廨Ų󡣶ԣ²ֻͬ̿ƣϸֳͬķ򣬸Щ򻮷ְ༶ڱרҵﶼΪѡ޵ķʽڣûпԣĵƷ
ٿѧУ»һᾩűA˵һȫĴѧ˵Ȩӵĺ԰
ļ򵥿һѧУֲᣬ˽⣬ûȥˡ
ת۵˿ѧӣðžĶ˵̾뵽Ҫߺܶ·е·˶Ьβȥˡ
Ӵ˭ҵƯŮᾩС֡
ĺЦĿһۣ㿴˭ҵģ
ȻҼҵģϽ³ԷᾩЦеĴߴ١
ĵ˵ͷ¾ͺͶĻˣһԹʺãСá
šһ¶źɫ첲һº
ĪĿһۣôˣ
ˡ
ģͲ
Աֶ֮ȥѧУĳĿɿӹķ羰ǲԴ֪ûмٸһͲٽˣ˶ַǳɵ״̬
ĿĲֱͷű˵һ䣺Ժ·
ÿ𣿡ɻ
Ĭһ˲š
ĵͷһۣҾͦõİﲻã
̫¶ˡ
ģĬĬһԼĳӶĴ磬ٸ˵
˵ѧУ󣬻ȥȫУдôϰ˱˵ڣ󷽵ĻӦţһμУʱøб
Уһ˱ѧУĴй䣬ķ˸кÿһǰֻԶԶĵͷ
ѧУôܻӭ𣿡ĺЦʡ
Ӧƽ֪
Ҫ˵һĿڴкˣϯá
ȻӶ
ģϯ
ţѧᡣȻƽ
һ
һ£
ȻˡҲ֮ǰѧУֲᵽԣµѧȨܴ󣬼Уڵ¶ԣʵȨ
һۣҪ𣿡
ţ
䣺ѧϯλãԸ㡣
duckءû뵽ſھҪλøĶʱ
΢΢Ȼ鲻Ҫ˾͸˵
ģְĻ˵ôС̬
ֶ˻ĵֻͻȻһ£̿Լȥ𣿡
㡣
æܾһϤһ£ԱߵĻҲ·
仰ģÿ˸һͲôģ߹·඼ûʲôӡҪԼˣȻż·֮ͻϤΡ
Ƭ̣ǿ˵ͷȥѧİ칫ҵ㡣
õġЦеĳ֣֮ͳֻȻة෢ĶţԼһŽѧ¥
ԼԼղź񾭹ˣԭ·أڼһ·ҵһ¥Լһ¥ſڵ顣
£Դôˣʡ
ˣİڰ֣ұ£֡
ģЩŤǺܿӦˣʺ󡭡֪ԥ˵Լ죬ǵһ°ɡ
ԣǿסУģֻǴ󲿷ѡ߶¥ȽϿգһСϲȺᣬʺһ
̫ˣȥضɡĿһ۴̫
˵ͷߵѧ¥ԱߵվȾŮӵĿߣһֱҵ绰Ϊôˣû뵽ȥŮ˳ȥˣҵʲôԲĵطҪôĥң
ӴǸֱֳˣҲ֪ôУ˼СĳһϷһһۣžһǳϤɢ
Һû˵㽻ɣ𣿡
ģǡʺ
ͻȻѹˡ                        
лҪ˵ģȥһʺ
ʺæ
88

 10 

ĻԼˣǰһȻһİűŮŭ䣺֪ԥвú
ˣӦþλʺûˡ
Ŀ飬һѾ΢΢ҡͷ
͵˼𣿡ǰ˲
һ̧ͷͿһЦЦü飬һһԷɲλݳһĻʺô
鳯ף֪ԥʵƺΪʺģջĵĻֱӽ˶Է֡
ү˵ң֪ԥ˵ŻĿȴһֱͣϣȷܵĺ麮Ѻ󣬱ֱӽ⣬λǣ
һġܡ
֪ԥüôôأ
ҸҵСŮЦЦܵΪⱲӶټ飬ͻȻúõĳǰ˵һϲˡ
֪ԥȣ˵ССǸСӣҿҲ񰡡ҪûӦûƯ㡣
˵Щ߰ģѧӾȵʣȫ䡣
ֻܣ˵У֪ԥ𴽽ǣͷŰһѹҸû˵ĵطúá
֪ԥö㡣Ĵϡ
֪ԥķбүѵò԰ɣȻұȲңҲҸСС֮䣬òšôصĴʰɣ
ֻڡɫ䡣
үˣ֪ԥһŤͷϷģôɰôܺڡ
ģü
֪ԥ۽΢ô𣿡
⵹ǲ⣬ЦУֻողűһƣӡûϷңǲе̫ˣ
Щϸڣ˵ҲáϷʣֻǷ׽ѡ֪ԥղŵº֪ߣȻѾϰֳˡ
һٴ֤һʵûм䣬˵ԸҲı䣬ҲѹֻʱʱԼ¶һռˣͶ̥ʱԴġ
Цʲô֪ԥ䣬ֻһۣųĿһĲҳȥ
ɨһۣ˿͸͸ģҸȥҪΪѰɣղͨ绰ǼԼ
ôᣬңүһһ׾廢׳֪ԥ۴ЦĽ͡
𴽽ǣһ׾廢׳ֽ磿
֪ԥ
ĬʱֻٴˣƳһۣӴţүһ湻ġ
аɣүҲͺôһ㣬֪ԥ˵꣬ЦеĲһ䣬ѻڵȣؼġү
˵Ťͷˣǳɴǳ䣬·ղŶĸȤĲһ
ͶʧȥȤˣıӰʧǰսǣĲһ
Ĭһ˲Ļش𣺡ʺû۹⣬⡣
Ϊѣ֪ʲôˡĺЦ
λʺ󰡣ݳһһӣҲһһĴ쵰ϵʮµޣûõģܲΣû빬֮ǰ֪˶СǧСѾСѸġ
Ȼһ㣬ϲŮˣ¹ŮˣܶԷǳǺǻһǩ֮һͲĿˡ
ɣǡռˣȻɻ꣬ɴӵһμ𣬾ͳ졮ԡֵܡ
˼һ˲ʺ֮󣬲ԣָ˼䣬һҪúýѵС
õģҺú˵ЦЦû̫¡֪ԥǰӣǾͲọ̈ܽûŵģȴҲԽ׳һ
һķӦ֪ûȥɵ΢΢ü£̫
ˣͱˡĺЦĿһۡû֪ԥǸϷ˼ģҪͻȻأʿ˵Ҫϵ˳ϲǿ빬úܾʲŶԡ
˽Ƭ̺󻺻׳ޣǱ빬ҲᱣסĸϣԱ´ɲΣùܽʱҲù̲ܽŶԡ
ڵһҵѣ֮˵ʲô̵̲ܽܽģЦЦʵڹˣ˵ǣǱģΪҲ̫ùˡ
üҲʶݳʱͬˡ
֪Ѿ׹ЦЦԽԽˣҸضɡ
ѧУԱмҲҴȥ
룬Ҫ˵ʲôͱһϣΪʲôӵ绰
һ£̧ͷˣֻһۣȷӶԷȷ˲ϲ
ĿֻЩյüͷˣҺܡá滹һ𡯵ģֻʾδ73ͻͻһ£òˡ
ûؼˡ䵭Ȼ鲻ôá
֪ҲʱżЩڨڨҪӦʱ鵭ҺԼһ緹үذɡ
Ŷѹз
һ£˼Ŀ𣿡ûм䣬ʲôˣ
۵һ˿ͻȻвãһƽĿģڵ㡣
ǸϽؼҰɣ˵꣬ǸĿ飬´İɡ
šӦһ
ЦЦϽŤͷߣ˼ʶûϣֻͷǰһֱüͻȻ˻üͷ뿪ıӰ˼
Ϊʲôоº׽
ϺСĵⲻǣҲǹⲻӵ绰ģòã
ɨһۣ۾£²Ϊ
һǲԼƽˣ̴Ӧˣͬʱ̵룬Ȼô׾ԭȻû˼Ļ֮ǰദˡ
ʮӺ˳ڼӷʢʳģĽɳ
ģ
ԣֻ̫ε绰ԶػˣҪȥ硣ɨһۡ
ģǡ                        
лҪ˵ģŶƭ
88

 11 

һó⣬ҪȻүү³ȥˣٴֻʣͻ
ɳǲԣѡһľʡ
ģɳ
ʮӺĿԼǰʳ¯ɳһںɫûôˡò˵ĳʦˮƽܺã嵭ɳζܿͰһ̶ԸɾˣһƵĿ˻һۣŤͷطˡ
ߺ󣬻ԱߵӶˣʳ
õģү
ĳɳҲԵñģõĻˣʽϿΣ챨굽ͲȥѧУˣһطһ¾ǻ˯£ͷͿʼ˯
ʱ䶼ɢһô磬Ϊ˲һʱѾˡ
ѾùеĶӣ̾ȥ¥ʳȻ¥·飬ûҵԵģֻܽиӶʣ֮ǰĳԵأ
СС㣬ղүˡӶ˵
ӿһɲõԤУʲô˼ҳԣ
ӶΪѵЦЦƺЩݡ
ĲˣҳԣǾͲ׼ҳˣ
Ҳңǡƽʱô£һжүģҲǵнˮӶԽ˵ԽҪССȥү˵һֻҪͬˣͰѶó
ˣҵɡ鲻õģȲԸΪӶˣҲȥһɴŶطˣ㵽ϵʱԵ㣬úòһ¡
Ȼϻɳ
үүأôڼһˡ
ɨһۣܻ
ıĿһۣ̲סˣ͸ҳ
óԣʡ
죺óǺóԣⶫ̫ˡ
Ǿٽг࣬ԱͲˣ˵꿴Ӷˣȥ߳ʦһ˳ٸ嵭Сʳ϶˳ԡ
ģϻˣ
𣿡Ը꣬ſ
ﻹǲԻ˽⣬ѾòˣҪȥʳûˡ
ٽ㼸绰ôСۡһ䡣
̫Сû壺˵ʲô
û£Էͷʼԡ
΢ɳ˴󣬲ſʼӡ
;ݲݽˣϣϳֶܿͶˣǷʦСʳʼԣֻԽ嵭ĶԽ֮ǰؿζ˼֮ʵʲ£ڻǷ¿ӣֻĳˡ
һֱĵߵ˲͵͵Ľȷһ˶ûк󣬲ŷɵĴ˵ơ
ֻһӣͻȻɫĹ⣬żͻϮÿһ䡣
ģ
ʮӺڻС¥һֵ
͵ԵģζĿ
¿ˮڨڨǸҾ̫ˡ
Ǹ׼ʳ
Щóԡ˵꣬ͻȻίȣЩ嶯һСľ˵ﻰҲû绰ôֲǹģôС𣿡
һ٣Ŷ
˵ԭˣҵԭˣȫƭ˵ġС졣
ȻС죬ڿֻˡü£Ǻ׾ˡĴ΢΢𣺡ڱ㣿
ѵ𣿡ķɿĿһۣһίĶŵذ죬ǿүүڣԹôңүүڵĻ϶۸ҡ
ڣһһɳޱ
Ķһ£ɻ̧ͷҪ˵ʲôͿͻȻƽԼЩ̫ˣʱˡ
ѾܸоˣĽŵץסɳϵıѵˣȻȴΪĵطп޴ȥ㡢
ĮָȻϵһ£ĵطĶ۵óһһ𾪵ס·𱻼ұСϱ
ʲôʱ򶻶ˣʲôʱٳԵģ˵ͣһ£ٱץ͵ԡ
ģ㲻ҳԺóԵģΪҳˣ
ȻأĿһۣѵΪС۱㣿
ģ
ĳĬּۻۣƺҲʶϻ𳤶ȣ˯ǷԸѭ򽥽ڶһ磬Եɳʳ
ˣʵ
Ŀһš
ɨһۣû˵һ·޻ѧУȵѧУҪ³ʱͻȻסĸ첲
ģ
Ҫ˵ֱֱĶ
Ķһ£ֲŮУôܲ˵
Ĭһ˲Ҫ
䶣Ļζˣǰһ˵ĴӦˣڣֻǺЦʣأ
ҪλûյɱȨô
Ҿ͸ߴ󲮣
ģ                        
лҪ˵ģҲû뵽㾹Ȼô޳
¼˵ôãǲǻһûСɰһ㶼Ͼŵ£Ļǣ

 12 

һ㣬㼸꣬ô˵һٸתѧ˵꾲һ˲ҲתŮУ
ģ˺ܶвԼķʽû뵽ѡҳ
ʱѹˣԺûзˣĹŲӷݣһүү͵ģһҡ
ȷƽʡ
ԭͦȷôȷˡ
ԥı飬Ĵǹ𣺡˵ֻҪҾ࿪ļ졣
㶼ˣʲôÿĵģ²ۡ
ĴǷȥüͷ΢΢𣺡ֻǲ˽ܣͲˣ
ģһȷûԸϰЩ˭ҲĲˣʺǣҲǡ
ڵĻشСһһ˵㲻˵Ҳ˽ܣҪרŵүүвңǾɣῪģ
ġ
ش̫죬ҭҭĳһ֣ɶ
˵ҺŮ˵ҿһӶŮ˵۾ڳɫƺʲôϸȥȴʲôûС
ĪĻţҡΪʲôҪ˵Щֲʲôϵ˵꣬Զԣûʲôϵƾʲôҽѵ¡
ȷûϵʡ
¿ˮС𣿡
Ȼ΢΢ֱˣ塣
ģŶ
߰ɣҪٵˡ
ɨһۣԼС³ˣ֪ţҲûͷһֻۣǴ󲽳Լߣһֱ඼ûͷ
ǿıӰһ˫۾Ũûҹɫ֮ŵͳ˵˾䣺ԽԽˡ
սľʹ˸磬ûֹǲǻˣһϤŮģ
һ٣һ̧ͷͿý㣬üͷ΢ý㣬ôӦǴô
űΪΪӭ²Լû뵽ֵʲôûһʱĲ٣ֻʱĿЩ͡һС⡣
С㣬ǲһһ꼶ġղŸ˵Ůĵ
ľȵĿţֻŲ˼ЦЦҲûзŮĻ
˵˵㲻Ҿһʲôᣬǽ϶ܺãȻҲðҵһķգ顣һŮӻ
ĲɫĴһۣСʵڿۣŮʱһֱӶԷתһ룬Լ񵽵ײŮʵˣ̫š
ˡΪڴһӡԺʹ۵ơԺʲôҵ£Ϊӡܷ
һ˲ǳǳЦԭýΪңһΪǳɼԱġ
֪ԣ¹ʮϸһѧͲҵ뿪طΪֺһҲ֪ܣ֮ǰĳɼҲˡ
Ȼһűһ˺棺Ӧòɣ˵Ϊġ
ҲҲǣĺЦϾýѧڿԵʱүүûҵϢý㲻Ԥ֪δӶ⿼
ȻˣֱǳЦ
ǿһЦЩ˵
ĵǵĿý㣬֪ңŹģҲôҵһ꣬ͿԼˣɣȥУתȥ
˵ŤͷҪߡ
æסıҡҾɡ
УҲͬ⡣һࡣ
˿ѾСֹˣڿǽ۵һ˿̣ĵŵıݡ
űؾϿˣɣλ
һүүʵģŵ˸λ£Ц֮ǰĳɼУһͬش
ŸЦһûнĻԺҲԼΪĶˡ
ôĿѾﵽˣҲûپŲţλϣûþ͵ȵʦѧһڿΡ
ԣµϿηʽѧͬѧÿڿΰαȥͬĽңһͬѧ͹̶һңڵһ¿κĲòҽҵ£ֻſϢ
һ쿪ѧѧʮ˷ܣһ¿ξߴߴĿʼ죬Ϊ֡
㳤ôƯһкܶ׷ɣš
ЦЦҲûС
İѧУĵһУ֪ԥ֪һֱ׷һŮ
ϤֱᵽҲûзӦΪѾ˯ˡ
𣿡Χ̷һƬĽ
ʧЦ˵Ҹ֪ԥֻͨѡ
˼ҵͨѰɣ˼ҿûô롣˴Ȥ
źЦĸһʱɨſϵһۣ˴֡
ʱ֪˭˵һ䡰֪ԥѧˣʱˢˢĿſڣһ֪ԥͣһƬ
շӭȥȻϲ飬˹עĸоҲڸ֪ԥάõĹϵ
֪ԥôˣɬʡ
֪ԥĲɵĸкſ˺۾һԽ˹ȥһ㶣ǳȥĺɫʱˡ
֪ʲôʱͣˣֻ֪ԥСĵָһĵĸ첲Ķһ£ã̧ͷ
£֪ԥǹһظЦ
Ŀ˭󣬲ɵЦһû˵ͻȻ˫ϥء
Χ˲һƬ𾪵𣿣
ģ                        
лҪ˵֪ԥ£ˣ
ģ²
88~

 13 

ı֪ԥָ仹ͦˣûüһϣͨһ¹ˣ֮ǳԹȺڵġۡ˲Ƥˡ
մӦ˽ܣһҥԶˣҪǲʱƲ壬˵Ҫүү״
£֪ԥֽһ
ޱ飺
֪ԥ˵ʲôĻʶվ˰κЦˣ㣿
һ˭ͷ۵Ŀһۣٿһ𾪵ĳԹȺڣƵһ˵ܰƵɾ𣿡
Ϊֳˣո֡ͻȻڨڨֻʵİѸղ¼Ƶɾˡ
ɤӣڶͣҲ˵ˣҸ֪ԥͨѣֹϵ
֪ԥü۲תϵôͨ󡭡û˵꣬žͱסˣһ²ˣǷǳõѡ
ǰʶƵ˾ȡ
֪ԥ֮ǰˣͦģ֮ǰһζģˣʱĶע´μʱҪҿͷû뵽ү˵
ɫĽ֪ԥ¹ԭ֪ԥЦѣϵĵ˵ͷ
˻Ȼնʱżʱ˹ֵĿ֪ԥһۣԭĻؼ֮ǰʶ𣿡
ǰǰ֪ˣ֪Ļ˸ͻȥˡ֪ԥ˳Ļ˵ָ֮̽˴ڵȻ֪źĹϵҲ֪˻ӭ¡
֪ԥȻģŮһδھʹЦ⡣һΣ֪ǲŵĴܾڸԼ˵ʱƽʱ䵭ࡣ
ѵڱ˵ʲô򴽣Цһѹ쿴һۣԭǹŸˡ
ӴӴӴųԴ˵ϲ𣿡и˴Ȥ
Ų˼ЦЦûп˵ǵ֪ԥķӦ
ְҸ֮ǰһͬѧ֮䴿òٴôԴء֪ԥЦЦĿ˴Ȥһۡ
û뵽ôɴƲ壬˶ʱһ£ٿʱЩ΢ˡȻֻΪͬѧź֪ԥĹϵʱ˯Բ֪ղŵ¡
Ҿ˵ˣҸֻͨͬѧǾǲšεĿһۡ
ͬѧȻȷʵͷβûϹ֪ԥ׷ֻ֪˾͸øȥˣļмӲϿΣ֪ԥ˳ȥſ뿪ıӰû˵
һֱߵ˴ͣû˵֪ԥٴιʱͷ󣺡ݳʱҲûôڡ
ⲻǺþûôϥ֪ԥЦվ´βˡ
һͷŰϸһ飺Ⱳӹû𣿼ô
İɣͦãûϱôˡ֪ԥ۵״Ц
ĵ˵ͷǾУҲ㡭һ⡣
֪ԥ΢䣬̾תƻ⣺ҵĶζһֱϲָǰڹʱȵζ
𣿡ĹȻܸȤһں档
Ƭ̣ûṫԬ֪ԥϢ֮ǰʹةֻ࣬˵ֻ˳Ȼе㵣ġǲǵ̫ð
ǰ֪ԥе΢õģܿͻˡ
ȷü
֪ԥ˵ͷθЦṫĻӦýھܼ
һࣿ۾һ
֪ԥ˼һ˲ȷһࡣ
ϢЦҪ˵ʲô֪ԥֻˣʶ˹Ҷϡ
һ׾廢ѣü
֪ԥһžµùֵ¶һ˿ȣΪԼĻѣΪ˳Լ죬Ȼñµ˼֪ةģˡ
ıٶ䣬Ͽˣڻϵʽת뿪
£֪ԥס
Ļͷ£
£ةѾ˵ˣ֪ԥѵһɫȻĿǰûм䣬Ȼܴ⡣
ͷһ
֮ΪٻĻǣ˺ܶ£ִ֣ȻѾΪ㣬;ܷйصļ䣬οַʽܾΪʲôͻȻͬˣѡһֺķʽ֪ԥĿ¶ǡ
΢΢ü㵽˵ʲô
һߺҵһʽ֪ԥֱԡ
һ㶡
ȻҲֻҵ뷨ʽôҵģ֪ԥβ΢΢̣Ҳֻ뿪ˣϾмĻᵽڶ¶
ľƬֱ̣ϿŴҴת뿪
һֱٴϿΣĲʶԣѧԺĿγ̣Ķǳѣζķ˼ľûʱģ֪ԥĻʱ׵Ժ
һæµγ̽ͷµģúѧϰˣһ֮ǰѧĿΣӶǡɶɶ
ٽѧʱоϢˣͳֻ֪ԥ˹һ˵
ЩãȻʲô
ӰҷģĵƵƬɾˣ㿴˵žͳֻ
һӻûӦֻðҳһͷͿһ൱Ŀı⡪
𾪣ȴҴС¹򣬲ҳƺΪ¡ðܣ
ģ
һġ𡯡䡯ˡ
û˵߳ѧˣֻʰ뿪ԽԽأȿԼҳʱɵ̾һ
һĿ˹һ飬ϴԲҴˡ
ţ
ұҪ˵ǣҸ֪ԥ治װףֻѣһᾡϵԱɾӣүү˵һš
Ĭһ˲ʲôӣ
һ㶣㲻֪
Ҵ̳
Ļ۾㲻̳Ϊʲôղң
ôţʡ
üͷ΢Į꣬ܲˡ
ĳĬֱ˾ѧУһξ룬ŲҳľһŲ˵
ģ⵹Ҳǡ                        
лҪ˵ģҪ
Բס
88~

 14 

ûڵҪ֪Ͳ˵ˣԸ񣬹Ҳû˸Ҹԡ
ӶҪ˵ӣƵĲѾ֪ˣٺҲˣ̹״ӿ
һƵĿջ̹ˣϸ˵һ顣
˵֪ԥǰʶĿⲻϲŭ
򶨵ĵ˵ͷǰȽ졣
Ŷ
Ļʣ˰ʲôûȵ̲סһ䣺⣿
Ȼأʡ
ǳ˳飺㲻ң
㶼˵ˣһᣬΪʲôҪ㣿ʡ
ҭһ£⵹Ҳǡ
һ˰ɾˣԺ̳ݣɸѡ֮ٷųõЩ۾¡
Ҳ̫ˣõöˡĿӢĲ˾̽Ҳ˵̶ֳȵҥԣǿԽܵģ
۾һ˫òף֪ԥ˶С
㶣Ϊʲô֪ԥԣ
һ±۾
ĸ֣㶵ĿͻȻ꣬ΪԼҰϵ˳ϲʱʵϰˣȴ֪ԥ
ʱһֱãռǿ̬ͬϲѾܲףΪ˱ԺŻôҲҸѿֱɵģȴѡݳһӡ
һμ֪ԥҲʹΪʲôѡ֪ԥĻشһģһֻǸȴû˵ˡʵ֤֪ԥȻദ죬˴˶ԶԷȴһ˿Ů㺡
䲻ӿ֣ĶĿŻĲͻȻ֪ԥ˵Щ
ѵеʽȿԲӡǣܱ䣿
ĵֿ;úѣ̲סָ˴Աߵˡ
ٴ۾Ũīһ۾
ĽʣΪʲôһ
û뵽ھ£Ĭһ˲۾ǹһԵĻȣСĽŮѣܴAŵBУ㲻ϲ֣ȻҲģܺá

š
ģļ򵥰
Ȼ֪ôش𣬵ӦòôǳɡһɵڿϣջǳʺϴԤ룺ʵҲϲͣҸѣҲӦ÷ġ
ԺṫԬΪ˱鷳ûڰȫڲУֻڻûǣȼᣬȰ顮ת˵
ͦã˭֪ͻȻܾˣС
ΪʲôãȻĿ
ɨһۣ
ģ˭Ҿ˭ѵȨûˣ
⣬˵һ£Ϊһ࿪һʱ䡣
ѵɶûˣһô֣ĿһۣҪүү绰ҪıС
״Ҳﲻ㣬ʱԵ̫࣬һ˳⣬ѪѹѪ֬Ҳˣջȥ죬ȥԺˣµϿξû㡣
Ķʱˣ𣿡
ֻҪúüɿڣͲءش
һؾУʲôʱ
ҲҪһܡ
ģҲ˵δһܣ
üѵ÷ɣôΪ
ģǿһϢ
صԹԳ嵭ԹȥͥԺɢ˲ڼҵСȮһΪ֪ûиԼˣԸʵ
֮ȻȻȣȽ֮ǰǶһ⡣Ƶɢ֪ߵ˻԰С
԰˺ܶïʢʱҶ֦Ѿס˴󲿷ֵ·ƹߣֻٲֵĹӷ϶ﴩ԰ط˲١
ĸ߼ͶпԵĻ԰ûȤˣŤͷҪ뿪ûתע⵽ǰһӰ

һ£ĳȥ߽֮󿴵Լɻ̳ΪҪɻʮ䣬±ݵȫ¶
Ŀķƽأȴû˵κһòݣо棬ǻҲãҲãʮָմˮĴүû뵽ũô䡣
ĺĿϵЩʲô
ӹʱ򣬻Ͳˣ˵Ҳûжྪ棬ֻƽɨһۣûôȣʺϽˮ
ĻȻż̳Ұݣٿ˳ŷµĺˮ̲סѣʵЩҰǿģûҪרˮҲܻúܺá
šͣĿŻ̳
򴽣СĵʣΪʲôҪЩֻ𣿡ѵҲԼݳʱµϰߣһ̳Ұݣ
㲻ϲĿûлش⡣
ʼ磺˵ϲϲֻǾûҪ˷ѻ̳Щ˵꣬Ա˵ѹ͵صΪйܹϵ˲Σա
ɻĿܾﲻԡ
˵ҲеҰݶѣڻ̳ƽ
ʶԼǵˣɵڨڨһЦϲͺá
ȻڨڨһЦ׼תƻʱͻȻͣһֻӡ֪ôģʱ۾һҲˡ
ž
һ췢˲䣬ϵļЦˣðžֺˣ˻ַ·жһ㣬һֱ鵽ָ⡣
ҡҲǹģղӣ˵꣬鵽һණȥ
ȾīɫޱĴӶͳһֽһֻסС֣һֻֽ֡
ֱһ࣬ͱҲ˰ɡıͦµģմֺ󣬺µʱˡ
ϱԼָӡĬˡ
ʮӺ˳ڻС¥һϴһ˼ԼûˮΪʲôҪϴ
Ȼףͳſڣſ򾲾ĿžĶһ£ֺõЦЦԲ壬ҸղŲǹģû°ɡ
¡
𣿡ڨڨתϵĺӡ㶡
¿ˮΡΡʣô죿
һԲĿε⳥
ô⣿ĸСˡ
Ŀʵʣͷɨһ飬Сϣ۵ͻȻϱȥˡ
ģ                        
лҪ˵ģҳΪ̫
³˸ɣ֣ٺٺ

 15 

񡢽ϱȥˣʲô˼Ľŵĺˡ
ƣأ
Ҳ˼޿ˣۿ󱳵ĺëҪըˣҪˣ
˵ͳԱߵŷȥעܡȻһ̣ס˵ĺ󲱾
ץסˣĳ׻ˣǷᣬһᱨ
ֻˣ
һ£ղųʱֻ̫׸ûó
ҪǸҶʲôһүүүүһķ㡣ɪɪв
ɨһۣҪһܲŻֻҪ֤ݣͲ֪
û֤ݣأһ֪ģ˵ţٴ
챻ţĹӸµĽǶȣպܿ棬˿һĨӯʱĺᶯ˶ͻȻɿ죬תץסĸ첲һԲ¥ߡ
ŵͷҪ֧ˣһһ߱ȸǰߣʲôſҰ
ջΪֱϵ¥ϵңİŷţֱŶ뿪Ű塣
ҴˣҪɡһˣŰڵϣĿ
ŷſתȥöűߣ̲סԴһƿ߹ʱʱˣ⡢ʲô
òǱ̬Сı̬Ʒɣ

֪ʵʲôһ衣
ûлش⣬ֱ硣æסڱǣȻζ˱ǻڵϣ۽Ƕˣôܡôֶܶ
һ£΢΢𣺡𣿡
˴һۺͲ˵ˣڵϣҩЧ
úˣûٶǸϥԱߣҩ첲磺Ƿóġ
һ㶣ŷ񶨵ܣ÷óĸʲô
ȥҸ̳ǰЩҩñóҧˡ˵ţЩ·Щ̣˸һ׳䳤˶
Ĵ㶵ĿЩ£ֱ˶͵ػһѾĿղţȥɻ
Ȼأʡ
ҭһ£ǡɻ͸ɻղΪʲôֱ˵˵ʲôˣ
£ǲ׼ߣ˵ͣһ˲ô˸ɻûܸʲô
ٴαҭĬһ˲˵ˡ
ȴŹ۾ʲô
ҲǸɻɡ򶨵·ֱԡܣȴֱס
ȥ¥»
ҽһԡҲУɻ
ĿλŮб𡣡
ģǡ
ܾǼǳʵ£Ŭǵ㲻죬üͷԡš
ʱǰֱߡɻܾԡʲôֻǿӣҲ
ԵʲôأסģţȻͷҲص¥ˡ
ɢõϢһ˫Į۾ҲմȾ˲¶ȣԡҵķʲôû˵š
ٴλص԰ĴɢĽС˻ĳղſʱ򣬾ûͦףԼеˣҲ֪Ϊʲôôأ̳ΪʲôôʵŬ˼£ֻٳСӣﲻЧ
˰æ𣿡˼£͹϶ˡ
ܡܾ
ӣҲˣ㻹Ǵɡ
ߵ̳ԣٵļСӣüͷ΢΢𣺡̫쿪ʼ
ǽǲǾͽˣСĵʡ
һ£۾ջû淣
ļͬˣ̻Ŵӻ̳ĳּһϣžһɫˡ
ɫһĿıôˣ
š۵ֱһ仰û˵꣬ͱȥˡ
簵ҹһɲı飬ԥһСӦûôء
ȻȴٶȰȥ˽ҽԺ
ȫ꣬ѾСʱˣĲϣԼʵĽšҽ˵û˼ǣԴͺˣ˷ҪŪι뷴һ£ɫûҡ
Ϊֻλؼҵ£û뵽ֱӰԼͻط󣬱˰ʰϴƷˡ
˵˻СʣҪסˣ
š鼫ֻһ֡
ĲʣʵʵڴϣºܵҲ֪Ϊҽ˵Դרලġ
ֻǰСʱˣҵذ̱Ӹ
̡
ҪˣйŮһʲôӣ㷿¥£Լȥ
һȥˣҹ˭㣿ޱĿ
һ£ҽиŮš
˹ܵ㣿
һҭɴҪ㣡
Ŀܣ̺ãֱ档
úһˮ侲˯ȥñôǣ𣿡
ǰҵϴƷŵҷ䣬˲Źģ۾ⶰ¥ûˣ㲻£֪㷿˯
ҲУȥͷ
͵۾Ұ޶סһ㣬￩һ£ͷ̽סˡ
ֻ֡
ָһջûܷߺߵĹ˼ˮҪѱӷŻʱ⿴۾ţͷһĬĬѱӷŵͷ棬˯
֪ǱӸİȫУ̫ϰ߻ˣĺܿ˯ˣֻǵ˺ҹΪ̫ˮȥ˯Щȡ
ʵ̫²ĺûѹεݳʱһγҲǼų̨³ִ뿪
ܵʱ򣬻ǻ뿪ˣܵԽѣĺܶҹܴﶬϺÿҪҹȥġ
˯Ժ۾΢ʱǰˣһʱֲʵϰԵĳ֣Լȥޣү
ǰĻĿ֮ס֣¡
ʵ¶ȸϣ͵ؾѣɵˡ                        
лҪ˵ĺֹ
ɶҲ˵ˣvСʱҲ12㣩һֵ֧ʱˣǰ100кٷ200ٷǾ̫

 16 

һһ, ¡¡Ĥۣ˶ڴ״̬֪˶, ǰһ׹ʶ, Ĵˡ
֣ĸоĺ, ڵ𲻶
һҵĳĬɻˣôŵˣ
С塣һ˲磬˻, ҲĲ԰׵Ĵɫ¶
ͻȻɿ, ֮󽫵ƴ, ʶһ£еľһֲԾͷԵı, ߬һһ㣬Сǵصŭ𼸺ҪΡ
, ǽŭװûԼķ;¡
ͻȻͣ, žưô꣬ӣðĲǿЦôұˣ
Сɫ˵Ļȴʮƽ
һ٣С
֪ԥǸ, ҿˣ¡
񣬰θЦһ˵ôͻȻұˡ
ûУȺүģ۾ϴˣ
šӲͷƤϣǻ۵ġ
Ȼϳ˭ˣ֪ԥ
ûǰһѡڨЦ
ԳĬˣ֮Ŵеš
Ǹȥϴּ䡣Ѿܸȥˣæǿתƻ⡣
һۣһԲһֻ§ļһִֻϥ´ֱӰ˴ᱧϰԵסĲӣһʵĽǶȣʶԼȫûҪ
ԼӣѹС˲٣İϴּ䣬ٳȥŴϡ
һ죬Ƚŷ˵ϣܾ֮ƽȡǽվ۵Ľ󣬽ºš
һֱſڣ̿ţվڵϣɫɵó˭ġ
Ҳվû취㡣޹Ŀ
û˵ʲôĳ֣ӴƤʱ۵׵һ㣺Ϊʲôô
Ϊղˣĸ˵ʵ˸ɺŪ׷ʵĻֱװ˯ڻûʣĬİصϣ˱֮ɵ˵ϡ
ĸղڵ̫ãȷʵС¯һ㣬ֻƬ̣Ҳ˲¡
ϲԼ£񻹱һ㣬ٱŤһκڣԼΪʲô˯ԺҪһү
ҵĵѾϣһƬڰвŵ˲ð
һⶼûУڴϷȥĹÿλ˽ţüʹȥˣֻһβСƺһ
ٲʵ˯͸ιˡڰУĿڡ
һ£Сĵھ˯
Ϊҽ²˯ţûֹͣ죬ˡү
ĳĬһ˲ΥĻش𣺡ûУֻ̫ˡ
˵꣬ע⵽ڰлվһָҪȥѰͷԱߵıӣͿȥˡ
ȥˣ
һ£ٴȷԼûۻʶ뿪ԼˡһֱŵͻȻһһĺǷ
һɣϮľ㱹ʹģܿͳ˯ȥ
ʱ㿴ĳųΪ̫˯ŵŮˣӵ˯һеĶ۵׻һ˿Գһֱ̧㽫Ͱ
˯ź˹ݳΣʱһϢڴϣŴϵķƼѴϢϸ󼸺˰͸״̬ĻƿһͻһƬ
ҲҲգ⣬ټֻˡ
ôǸҪ췴ˡǿĿŴޱˡ
ס֣ĮýľνһλҾһ첻ǰ㡣
Ҫˡһ̶̵ĻЪ˼β˵ꡣ
ͻȻĿ·Ҫһľ׺ҧгݣҡ
۾ۡ
ҪǸ죬ȪҶŹ㣬һ㣬ҡ
ڰ֮ǰı䣬ĺԹ·ôĳˣȻֻûԸ߶ѡ
ֲԼģΪʲôҪôȻԸЩƫִԱ˻㽲һʲôˣˣһֺ
ߺߵһ䣬ͰԼˣ۾ʱԼĴϡһӦϿֻĵѾˣֻһ˯һ
΢һǾ£ﲻɵÿһ¡쾪Źȣܶûüϸ룬òԣʱƺԼʱѹ͵ͻȻõһж͸һ˿Υ͡
ȷûмĶԼԭᶨ£ͻȻûôˡ
˼֮УͻȻ׼Լԡҡûм䣬ԻԸǲСԡҶϽһµģʲôǲġ
ãǶܽԼɻ
˼ʱſڴջ˼˭
СС㣬ҡϤӶ
Ķһ£ɡ
䣬žͱˣӶһ˶͡һһС׿ˣʾү˵ˣССĽŲأڴϳԡ
ҲôСİɡ֪Ťˣ֪ĻΪƫ̱ء
ӶЦЦСĵãҪ
ػһû˱жҪͬĵ˵ͷӶ˵İϴ꣬ڴϿʼԷ
ڴϳˣѧУҲǲȥġӶһ䣬Ȼ˻Լٵ¡
극ļԴ˻ֻһ뵽˻ԡңȻһԼڵ͵͵ȥһۣҲܣΪԼİȫʱѹºĵĺá
ϵƣһºİõˣֻٿʱܾñŤֻϧˣ㶼ûط㡣
⼸ƺҲ̫ãһһ۶ܰľսġ
ŤŤˣڿµˡŲʵϵ˲䣬ʱ泩̫ˣҪȥܸ˰ף
ջָһܶ̫ࡣĵ
ˣõġ
ֿһۣİȹʮֲãΪʲôҪ
𣿡Сĵʡ
ĮûУ봩ʹɡ
ģ
ĬĬһԼЩ̵СȹӣԹԻ˹ϥȹüչЩɨһۺߡ
ĸϽϣķǲæʣ𣿡
ȥԡ
۾һģ
š
ĿˣСŸߣĿһۺ󣬲װԼ˵ӣֻǵԼֿʼ
ǰһסû˸ȷʵôУһֱķȻôһֱȴûʱ
ݳʱҲǣȻͳʲôǿģǻᾭȥЩСʳż״̬ʱ򣬻ȥԣǵõڹԶʱʶԬ
ôʱˣİ˰̫Ѩע·ڴķ羰ϣֻǲ֪ǻҪʲô
ôˣѡĵط϶ܺóԡʮڴϳʱ˲٣֮ǰȫ¡
ɵӡһ
Ťͷ˵ʲô
û¡
ĺɵĿһۣų⿴
Ӻܿһ͵ſͣ¡治󣬵˺ܶ࣬ۿҪźܾõĶӡ
ٵɣЩǡ
һʱ䣺ᡣ
˵³ˣ͵󲻾ãͳˡĿ۴ϵlogoȵķֺ֪ԥϴθԼһ
ȥѧУ߹ѳŴ򿪣ڳſڳԶȺ˿ڶͳӿʼԣҧһھסˡ
ζϤ
֮ǰ֪ԥͣ˵ǹζʵԬաʱʱϲԬ̯ӵĲ͵㣬ԬҳϣŪﵱˡ
˼άЩɢԶٶ
ԣҪٵˡѡ
Ż˼ĿһۣΪʲôԷ
ζش
ĵ˵ͷ̲סʣǼҳʦ𣿡
£
æҡͷû£ʡ
˵Էһӳ̲꣬סˣȥôõͣӦûŶӰɣѵǼҵĲҵ˵ʶϰ壿
ʲôֱ롣
ڨڨһЦ͡Ǿö̫óԣүүʦߡ
ˣԸܲʺͥʦ
Ըܲǿ϶ԬƢǺܺõġЩźĿ˰һۣʣٸ𣿡
ЩС֣Ȼûʲôͬģٴλصʱ߷ѾȥûжˣֻһӸ꣬ʮӲŵȵճġ
͵ΪͶٵˡ
Ҫֱ̿ΰɣҲʡΡ顣
ɨһۣС
ΪʲôĲ⡣ΪŤˣ첻ȥѧһڿεҪҲְɣ
ѹ̫£ҪȥѧУ칫Ҵ
Ҹһȥĵպ̿β֪ȥģ칫Ǹĵط
Ǿܾüֲ㡣
ڡ
ģԩңͶ̥תҲôԷ
ةĶԹֻһεĳڽſڣʱѾϿʮˡ
ʦáţڨЦſ̨ȴڿԷסˡ
Ͽεһʦʮҵͣһһ붼ڴ棬ֻ¶һ˫Щ۾
Ŀʮ׵ĺӣɵ¿ˮ
ѧʦʡ
ĸЦᡭʦ
ʶңʦʣΪʲôû㣿
ûңΪ㻹ûָ䣬ĬĬ˵һ䡣ǰλĵһ̣ͳܹڴСµṫ
ҽģѧҽܡ
ôҲû뵽ճӺṫȻһΪһʦ֪ԥûƭЩ֮󣬹ö㲻
Ц̫˶ţȥ
˭ƤЦģٵ˻úܹڿ㲻ˣҹվһڣŭ
һʲô
ʲôʲôˣȥվţ
ģ
ʦ⼸ˣǹٵģͱ˰ɡŹ
Ų֪ģƢֳӲʲôݶʵҲһöûУܻԼֻΪ˾ϵֻܳˡ
ȻĻˣǳٵɣһĶˣǲѧУֱӹˣ
Ŷʱ˵ˣҶҳſԼʱƵЦЦʦܻʽ˵ǽţվ̫õĻܻϼˡ
ڸּۻۣ۾
һûˣ̹ɵĵ˵ͷתվˡٴ𽲿εһרҵʣһѧУƯľɫһɣ̾
û뵽˴ѧҲᱻվû뵽˾ȻṫҪ֪λƽʱٳһڷ۵˯ŵ˰
Ȼṫվʣȷʵûȫվû͸оŤĵطʹˡһϿεṫĬĬԱŲŲŲǺֱ˵ϡ
˿Ͽʱ䣬һ˶ûУĴ󵨵ڵϣǽ˻ֻ֪Щˡ
˯ʱͷͻȻһĵ𣿡
Ķһ£ĬĬ̧ͷֻɭһïܵĺӡ

û뵽û¿ͻȻ֣æվЩεĿڣҾǽеۡ
ȻôۣؼţҲʡôѧѧϰЦжΡ
Լأȶѧᡣɽǵһ棬ΪʲôôԼ
еĲ⣬ſڣҲû۵ҪؼϢĵزֻǲ̫ۣ֮ѧϰҪ
˼ǣվ棬˺Ľѧϰˣķʡ
򴽣û˵Ѿȷˣ˶е⣬ڵԼֹΪٵ
ż˵ֱЦˣúúãҴС㣬ҿɲǣΪΪվˣϽȥѧϰɡ
ллʦȻһЦ̽ˡ
û뵽ôɾ䣬ҭһºˣĻԼ˵ģô˿ţҲٶ˵һߵ̨ϣΡ
ĽŶˣЦЦԼλϣŤ˵ĽڿԳ׷ˡ
һԭΪ¾ôȥˣû뵽ڽֻʣʮӵĿʱλش⣬վվصڣҪ䳰ȷôһվš
òװ¿ΣıΪˣٴοˣͬѧ˵Ҫúѧϰλشһζûԣǲеˣ
ʦ֮ǰ٣ǵһĿΣǰ漸ʮӶ淣վҲɡȻһ̱࣬ȴô
ϼһȵŰɣָˣҲҸôᡣ
۾΢У۵żթĹ⣺ˣɣڿʼÿڿ¿㶼ȥҰ칫ұҸ㲹ΣֱǰĿζΪֹ
õʦò
ЦһŤͷˣſʼ
ʦҲ̫ˣͲܻ𣿡
ǲʲǫ̂ϴοУ˳ֱۣУ
̫ˣҪüͨһ£ôо㲻˳ء
Լ֣òЦЦԼٵ
ĸѧûٵôϣ˵ŮӣµĿģȷü˵һ˵ÿڿ¿ȥģҪǲȥƻץ㡣
û£ӦþͲ鷳ˣ̬ȺõСĻӦ
۸ͬѧǶĺøжʱһ㡣ԽȦӣȼԽǷЩǿĲǰͨ˼ңǴӿѧͶָҸУڵΪ١
ſԽԽȺģҧһ촽
ڶ¿Σʵʵҵ˰칫ңɺϣЦŴк
ôˣ˺Щ𣿡ڸѧʲô£ӭЩѧʮ𾪣ƺһοȥ˭ǵһμıˡ
Щ˾ȵĿ⣬εЦЦöˣֻڻܾһʦҪҲΣÿڿ¿ζ칫ҡ
һ£Ȼˣ
Ϊÿ˵Ը񶼺ǰһû뵽ôסĺ
۵һ˿ǳЦԸһôסôˣֻǶЩ
ĶˣѹҾҡ
üͷ΢
ôã֪ԵʲôѵжԲסĵطأʡ
ɨһˣŵĹλϣŻûˣûʲôϵеԨԴ
һ٣ɻĿ
ƽżǰѧϮʱڵĸУǻҵ֤ݣָԣµĹ
Ϊʲôʡ
ĻǽŵжԼԭ򣬱Ͼ֮ǰΨһ̳ˣ֮󣬾ͺܿΪΨһŮݣ߱ѾڻϵĲƲ
ôæѹᷴԼֻǣԻԸô뵽ȥŵģ
΢΢ҡͷ֪
᲻Ϊм䣿Сĵʡ⼸ҷ£ûиĻҲû˵û֤ʵ֮ǰʱԼĻ
ˣʲôʽǸʱû㣬Ӧûм䡣
˵Ҳ֪أԽԽֿܡ
һ£ü۷ɵܡ
ôƶü
ǳЦһҪǣǵļ䣬ǵ·ƣֻݳ»صʵе㣬ָܻ䣬߶֮ǰҲΪʲôûָ䣿
ĶˣҲ˵ȥݳҲָܻҴԽ֮ǰЧ԰ɡǾų֮ǰָĿˣȻţҲǹġ
ǶԱ˴ϤУŻ͡
ĵ˵ͷپ£Ҫ˵ʱſٴδһ겻ɢ˭λϵģ
ģ
㶮ʦصҾôģ߹
ĿһۣĴӺģܲܰѺˣ
ʲô£ŭˣѺĶ˾Ȼӡ
ӣһۡ
յźţҪת뿪ֻǾʱ˵˾䣺Ҫ̫֣ڵġ
ôвʦ䵭ķʡ
ԲģɴҲȰˣֱӻصȺͬѧ
ѾԹվºվԱߣʦ׼ˣ԰Ҳˡ
ٱԼվɣһٱͻˡͷҲֻ̧
ģģ
ʱ㿪Цŷʣ˵ٳûȵĵĻӦմһϷͷ̧ͷһۣȴ
·ͻȻһ£ͻȻĵһ¡ʶԼһСѹˣһҲУȥǱ߿λϳɣһٱҡ
ʦһٱǲ̫ˣЦЦĿ
ţǾʮ飬ٸּۻۣͶ೭ʮ飡
һԼĸбһ۾鵽λˡһֱעߣ״˱ʺͱӸ
̾ʼĳ顣鱾ܵĸоãΪ̫ô㡣
ˣȥæɡĺЦĿһۡ
򴽣ˡ
ĳ˼֣ͻȻʼһͣ۾΢΢
һμȥʰذϿΣȵ¿ٴλص칫ңһʱ䣬ȥϿμӳд
ʱȥԷ·Ϊˣ
ţ֪ʲô¶סɴİ˵ˣͬʱûɣҪȥôóԵİӣҲٵ
ΪŷԼģôȥ
ʦɨһ۵ҴԺóԵģ
ԣһˣ°͡
Ĭһ˲Ժ󲻳ˡ
ģ
Ҳˡǿ
Ķʱˣʵϸ룬Ҳܹ㣬ְܹӣԹҳӣŲ鷳ġ
Ĳļһ㴵ƵƤһ˫۾ʯһ㣬̵ͦıӺͲĺ촽ĵ̲ס࿴ۡ
ͦӵġ
ģѵֲ忪Ц˵Ƿ
Ҫٺһ㣬۾Сһ㣬Ƣٲһ㣬ͺˣ˵۾һ䣬Ͳˡ
һֻ̫ͣʲôԶȫӣͦر𡣡
Сд
ò˵ˣֱȥһҲԵ˷ǳ˽ˣ
ʱ򣬷ڼİʱ㵽칫ң䶼Сһ鲻ˣ֪ԥˡ
Զ㣬ҪǱſˣָˡͷҲ̧
֪ԥӣʲôղųȥˣ칫ҡ
˵˱ʡ
֪ԥɨһݣˣ㳭һˣд˰ҳֽ
ôѾˡĵ
֪ԥһɲǣһ¹٣ҲҷǱ¡
С㡣ü
֪ԥһԼ̫ɰûסһͷŭˣ󵨣·𣿣
űⶼ㲻·ϡ֪ԥЦ⣬ȴ˵ŹĻ
֪ڹʱͲԸֻбһۣˣ֪ԥɣɴԱ߿дˡ
Ż󣬿֪ԥҲڣһСԵãүţүš
ǣǼС˼˰ȻԸˣ֪ԥʦӽϴйϴˮζ
ϴϴʲô£ܺԼɡ
˶һۣ˲߽ӴײŶԣ˵ģΪ֪ԥǷĵˣӵһμʮֿ֣ܾˣԺҲᰲ֡
һ뵽˻᲻֣žĪһ֣Ҫ̵ԼӣԼŵĸоȻָо˵ԭ򣬵ˡ
˵һһУĬĬԼ飬ͬڹʱһϱ֮ķﺢӡ
һʱֹȥˣһڿθպŵģβȷѧĵ֣쳭
Ķһ£˳ӵİѱӽ
ŷһۣɫ㳭һ죬ͳһҳֽ
дٶ̫ЩѾǾˡĲ
ЦһѱӶȻдôǽϾͻȥһգûд꣬Ǿͼȥ
˼дͱˡ
ʮֵ֪ˡ
бһۣŤͷˡͬѧǹĵʺ̾˵ųУţŻ뿪
ôűӣʡ
ʼ磬ѽ˵ˣ΢΢ףúó
ģ⣿
ӵΪЩͷһд꣬д
ּͬ
ģûϵôģּӦͦװɡ
治ʺƨʮִӱһ˵ּܺܿģ³ݳʱڳż᷸Ϳˣȥͨʷÿʱͻлæһ͵͵Ūةࡣ
ԼûзĿ£ǲҪЩ⣿
ģ
æдҲ仰֮ڴ죬Űһķѵľȫһ˵仰ȶʼˡ
ǲˣһԼɡ˵꣬򶨵ľܾһͻָ䣬û㳭ղæֻǹô˵ѡ
ǹ𣺡ôҰ㣬˲赹ˮԸ⣿
ģµʱ򲻽Ƕ˲赹ˮ
˻صңһͬظˡµԺ󣬻ͰԼС¥סֻһˡݺүүƵ绰˻ȥ¡
Ҫʼ̤ʵֻ̧˭
СС㣬үͳдȥ˵Ҫ㳭顣Ӷ˵Ű崫
ǳ˳飺ˣԼ
Ѿˣ˵ȥĻ͹ˡӶΪѵ
ĶʱԼڳ˵Щ߰ˣȻԼǳģֻԼ̾űȥС¥һˡ
ȻѾڿȴ鷿ߣֻܸȥϱӣ̫ˣʵû㳭찤¡
ʲôҲ㣿ɨһۣ򿪱Ӻ飬ʼһһĳ
ƲƲ죬չȥۣʱЩȣ㻹ûϰôдøҵһģһ
˵ģʴӱͷҲ̧
ɼʴӱҲö°ɣݳʱ˰ʱſʼæġĻɵĿѵּҲ˹Բûд
˼ʱٴ뵽¥ϵԡңʱЩˡ
ϵݿ٣ȴܶ࣬ʱһһεĹȥĶ̲ס˹ǷȻñֱϵٶҲû
̲ס˰ɣʵҾ첻һң˵ʶԼĴ󣬸ҵǸ
ˡƽ
æȥˮȴΪ̫ߵ̫죬Сõһ㣬Լ·ҲʪˣʵʪķΧֻǸպĵطλñȽΡ
ҲǹġĶҪԼˡ
ɨһۣȥ·
ֱӻȥɣҲˡæ
ȥ¹Ҽ»ϡ
ģǲȥ˼ˡ
ε̾һεʪֻۣ¥·Һᳵ·ҵñ䣬һϴİTϣҪ뿪ʱĿͻȻյԡϡ
˿¥£ȴǰ
ĵͻȻ
лҪ˵24Сʱ17ŵ賿18ŵ賿Ūʱ䣬ģ
һľ֪ûʧ

 17 

ŷ·ʲôħһ, Ĳǰߣֱͣǰ
ĽַŰ, ȴٳûаȥ·һ, ƽͻһ򿪣ͻһֱ, ʼյòĳЩҪϢ
𣿴򿪰ɡ
һ˾סŰưһ, Ȼԡֻ΢һ, ûбƿ
Ȼסˣ
סԡŷ·ĳź, ϶⣬Ҫһ̽ĸǿˡԡǻÿ춼Ҫõ, ûдԿ׵ϰߣôԿһڷĳĲԥ, 
Ϊ˲ûɣҵ̫, ҲŪĶŵģúҪˡ
ڣһӺ, Ĺ淭һԿףԿ׳ȥԡſڣȻյſڣһʹӱ˹ô¥
һʶʱԿ׷ŻԭλѾˣ㽫Կײؽ㶵ǿкԿͺһܵĺŤͷһԡҡ
΢ЦſڷſڵĻڲʵ˵㿪ʼԼĲ²ǶԵģԡңȻ͵Կ׵¾ͱˡ
˼Ŀλ¥¿ͷУȥǸ
ðɣСŬװЭӣ򶨵ĴԱ߾ʶûϽ˻ȥ㻹ʲôϽȥҳ
Ƶǰߣɨһǵĺȣ
Ȱ
Ϊʲôôູ
ҭһ£ںʼ磺ûʲôһ뵽д꣬ŻңҾЩš
ղŲǻ˵Լܸ㶨Ϊʲôֺˣʡ
򷢸ɵ촽ҡҸղƭĲôףôܲ¡ʱҲֻܰˡ
ûˣһ¥£鷿˱ʣľһԿ㶵Կ׺Ƥֻһ㲼ϣ֪ǲأڸоǿƤ̵ۡ
ŬԼû¶Ѱӣӷת˼ôڱ֮ǰԿ׷Żԭء
ˡͻȻ
ģʲôѩϼ˪
һʱ䣺ʮһˣԻȥˡ˵㽫Ӻã
һȥĸɰͰ͵ʡ
ӣţҲҪϴϢˡ
ҪϴǾһҪԡңҪԡҾ͵ԿףԿһ飬æԼ߾ʱץסĸ첲
ͣĿ£
ҡҾô˶಻˼㳭ô飬첲ǲǺᣬҪҰ㰴Ħһ°ɡһĿ
Ƭ̣ͻȻľԼϣʱϾܾҪ
ò˼ģļװûľܾһеɳߣȻСɸʵǲģֻǲ֪Ϊʲô׾ͰѻƵɳߡ
ޱվûµ˼ֻ£ӲͷƤ£տɺˣĦҵǿҾǧġ
˭ģɫ΢ֱӴĻ
һ㶣Լ
۾ȷûѺ󣬱ƽΪʲôҪԼ֣
֮ǰһסʲôҪԼʱһݹ̫ˣֲۣȥƣԼһ£ģĺܺáԼߣ鲢ïĿ佱Լ
ѹ˺ܾãĿ£ָĶͷҵ㣬Ͳôˡ
һ㶣ͻȻЩڣҲ࣬˵үүѾŬˣþΡ
ĬĬ첲
ﻹڽţϺһ͵͵һĵĺʼĦ˭û˵ϵݳһĬ磬ֻУֻĵݳĽ
ĿɳϣСԼĸ첲ĹȻһ·ĸоĵȡ
һƬУͻȻڣҵĸ첲ۡ
ţСĵĿãȻ͸һ˿š
ĿĿۡ
ŶŶҰ㰴֡˵꣬æֻȥס֣Сĵİͷϣһһµɦţ·òʲôָĻڣʱʱĻסĴָһһµĴȦ
ĺĶ˼£ҲԽԽԼʮָʱ˸ͷǰ
ôˣȫעϵʱ򣬲Ķʡ
û¡
ֵĿһۣû˵ʲôһ߰Ħһ˼ԲߣֻǶԲû뵽עȴһˡ
ʵʮָ۽죬һְĦʽֻȴ΢ĸоû˲ϵ赲˵ʵײһָƽ΢ĦͻȻͲôˡ
ʶףʶɿ֣Ȼͼһ㣬֮ǰ޴ɶ㡣
塣ĽŵĽһ˵Ĺϵ
ɫеĵͳɤҺһûѪԵϵûɹϵʲô壿
ô˵ģүүѵĶӣ͵ڸҰͬǳĸЦţǿаֳ˳
ڽֳߺ󣬻һ֣𣿡
ţ˵ͷŬ˵Ĺϵ
˵䣬Ѿ侲ϵıÿĮȻǳҾͲöˣҹˣˡ
һ㶼ߵģ
߰ɣôˣʡһ
ɳϲ϶Цſڣǳֲʲôͨѣʲôʵġ
Ŀһۡ
Ŀһǿתƻ⣺Ǹҳ̫ˣֻ㰴Ħе̫û⣬ɣ㿴Ӱ
ڣüʮһˡ
һգգ۾ûڡ
ʮӺ󣬻鷿ɳϣŪԼĵԣҪԹʲôƵԣʲô˳֣ɣҹһ̨ѡõġ
Ƶ԰ʮ򡣡
ĳĬˡ
ҪõģǵԵʱ򣬴ȫ㻨Ǯ
޿Ŀ㻨Ǯ𣿡
ڵȫҵֻһʱµǮӻҿʼͳԼסģҲûлǮĵطû㻨Ǯ¡
һ̨԰ʮͻȻܵǿҵƶࡣ
ҲĬˣƬ֮Ƶˡ
ʲôˣɻ
Ҹ㻨Ǯˡ
ôҪ϶Ҳǲװ
һۣƽʱһҪʲôֱӸòǮ
ŶǵԼɣ˵꣬һ䣬ҵ㻨Ǯ
ÿɷ񣺡˵ҿӰõԿ
õôˣ˵ƸڵӰԺһĶһ£ԣӰԺĻδԺá
΢ɵɳ
Ĵ˵Ӱʼ֧⣬רֲĵңѡǻԱɿֻ˼αģԵĿлԱ𣿡
Ĭһ˲أ
еĻҸƬɡӲͷƤֻһʵ̫ˡ֪ʲôʦ˵ʲôҲȥԿס
ɨһۣͻȻӱ󿿽һִ첲Ծǰӣһ־һ߼סꡣƣֱӴӱ뱧סģǰӺ͵ԣ޴ӡ
ĸо£ԼԼߵĺЩŤĶһ£ȴǳ⣺𶯡
˵ʱȵķֱĶ䣬һֱִĿڣģȴӲǵӶˡĵٶӲ
Ļһ߹һʣ뿴ʲôֲƬ
ͳɤ˵ֱҪĵһ仰Ҳ˵ðššһ
𣿡ʡ
ļǿ֡šһ
Ҿ¡
û꣬Ͻң̲סˡ
ǹ𣬲ٶ㿪һӰ뿪һٿĻϣȻҵһƬ
Ҳ뿴ƬƬôʵļƻ
һ̣ӵ̵ɳϣֱߵң˵ƣǿֲƬ
ǳ˳飬һߴɳϻȥҵӰһ죺ƭأǸƬҲҪ
ӡܺÿ
һһ90ĽʬƬ»صɳϡزûԾˣΪϰҲ֪
ȷӡҾúн塣һ顣
ĻǹϾܾ
鲻ɳִӺĿϣ·ڰ§
ĵļƻѾ˳ִУרڵӰˣ˿ûСƻҸֲƬȻװ£ִѻסǱϢԼ˯֮С¥Կף˳㿴ԡﵽײʲô
Ȼ߹ԼĵֵӰĻõװ£࿴۾µòˣĽʬһһէʱŵ̲סԱ
˵£ô񡣡˵Ļȴ§סļ򣬰˴Լ
ĶҪˣҲĶʲôףĻٴηһкҲŽһһͷĻ˫§ס˲ˣص
Ҫؼʱˣصеϧɣķ§ס
ըëҲˣ
Ҳය˳ӵİѵԹˣ°ѵƴ򿪣һ˲˹
ҪģЦЦ
շ죬ĵ۾յĿһۣҲҲ⣬ֻǲ˵򴽡
˻Żʱ䲻ˣûȥˡ
һҪ̴ͣ񣺡һ𡣡
ţβϵĿתڵƹ¿òƷˡ
˵֪ԥݳһӣҪ˵λǣֻƽʱ̫£ѹòѣĿɳܵһ˲񣬲Ӻ󣬸ϽǱסɣүүڼңһ̫ˡ
˼ȥ
ҭһ£ǵҲǣԼݣ֪¥£һᰲġ
ĬƬ̣ԳһЦһеĵʱ򣿡
ʵþЩ΢ˣӲͷƤȻ壬㲻Ұģ˭Ұģ
һҪ¥ߣȥϴƷ
Ǳ߶Уæץסĸ첲жУֱӻȥС˵Цһ
ĿȵҪ۾ʱŲתһͬߡڷһˣСĵĸԱߣʱͷĿܡ
˰ţڴּСʱע⵽·յúɵЩϡ棺֮ǰûеʲôʱŪģ
ǰ죬⣬ĳ˽ţ˵ϡ
ıһ仰˵һ·ʱһ˲һ£˵һû񡣡
Ѿˡ
һ£ʲôʱ򣿡
ɨһۣʱ򡣡
ģ
кܶʺţѾûлش˼ˣֻܸżǰߡ
·ݵİȻǺȣѾԵ⣬ֻ˼˯ȹСȺ͸첲¶棬ĿƤϣֺܲĸо
·ߵ֦ңצŤţ·ƵһӰӣúõʯ·ЩӰӷָԵóªʻ
ĬĬ˻°ڣಽĸƽǰߣֻߵĵطͻȻͣ
ôˣĽ
һ۾˿̸ࣺûоá
ʲô¿ˮܺΧһ֦
˵һ룬΢΢ҡҡͷûʲô
л͸Ͻ˵ˡ
ɨһۣûое㲻Ծ
ʲô˼ĬĬǰߡ
ԭ͵ͳ˿̸ӵˣڼžּС·ϣԵͻأ·˵ĸоԣǵǰʱ䲻û߹ûһѵΪ͵ʱ򡭡
ˣ˵ˣļƤҪˣʲô˲ˣǣǰܡ
һ£һ֣΢΢
ĴһܵסȽĿһеղû˵ʲô
˵оԾǰʱûöǽ͸оܶѵΪ͵ʱûԱƿڡ
ģ
Ϊʲôʡ
ģҲΪûԱڸȥõ㶫ԡ
ʮӺڿһĬԣܵŵС࣬Щ㸧οˣǻȱȱԵÿġ
ĸ˴Եģ˸ú¥ˣʱĵ¿ֱȷˣŤͷݡ
򵥵ϴ󣬶һСʱӣɵ˯ˡһǱʹӣǱŵģ˯Ҳ˯òȣھ컹аСʱʱͻȻ˹Ҳ˯ˡ
ڴ˼ӣ㻻Ьŵ¥ȥˡߵʱ̧ͷһۻķ䣬ŻţɵһԿ׳С¥ȥ
˿Ѿ賿࣬ҴСС·ѾϨˣټׯ԰һյƶûУֻµϣׯ԰һ˿
ĳʱֻֻ·ɿǰܣּС·ʱһտĽʬƬΪ̫ٶЩɪɪ
Ŀ˶͸ˣһӿ˲ܵС¥ǰʱѾһë
˿̵С¥ƹȫأ¶ľ͹һվںڰУĬ𺡢ǿ󣬾˵ĸо
ĶĿС¥Ƭ̣ջǹȥûҿƣֻ¥ܣֱԡǰ
һУ˶ڽ״̬֮Ų֣Կײһšһ
ſˡ
ӭһԡǳζҲ֪õʲôӣ峿ľζԡ滹ڣſ֮ſ죬ʱŰ̻
ԺЩ߰뷨һ˽ȥֻĵҷҳصܡԡҺܴ󣬵Ƚ٣Ƚףĺܿ췭һۿĵطĿϴ̨µĹϡ
ƽһ¼ҵºֻ泯ϵķڵϣֻĹ˹ţֻİڷűõƷһȦûҵ־ûô򵥣ֻֿʼңܿע⵽ڹӵ䣬һС䡣
ͷһ˳λüͷһ¸ʺʼһһԣֻǳٳԲԵģÿҪʱͻȻһҲԼݳʱա
ӿˡ
ֻһˮͷţ˶ˮһ㣬ûӲ
һ㣬ӡá
ſڴͳ͵̧ͷֻĹһ˫۾ˣһ£Ƚŷ˵ϡ
һƱˣǿҵĵƹյʶ۾һվſڣӸ¡ҹٵ
ӡһ˼Ĺ£йӣûö䲻ˣһȢ޺ΪҪţͰѼԿ׶ӣӿԴ򿪼еţǲܿһġ
ɫ԰׵Ż渽õȴ·Ǵ
ϥ£ƽ۾Ȼȴûסջմһţʲô
ʲôЩˡ
۾֮ǰЩʬ壬ڷףԭ֮ǰЩӣΪסջţԲűɱ
лҪ˵ģҵʱǺ¼
200һ24Сʱ


 18 

˵仰, ﶼһļžȻ֮ǰһ, ֻһݣһ
ĳĬ֮, ŵͳֽȥЬϲڵĻ, ȰֽͰ󣬲ŲĿڣ˵ԵĻһּ죬Ϊʲôأ
, ֮ǰ˵Լּʲô˼, ʱһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
˵, ȴҪ˵ģҸղŽĹ£ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ĶĿ, СĵʣԣҲҪһɱɱ𣿡
Ц, ͳԵЦˣȴͷƤҪըˡǵϴôЦ, һնɱʮѵѪһأ˳ϴ˼նûɾ
ӿкܶӣȴֻһ, ôɱ㡣˵ţǰһ۷˿
ĴһԼǿ侲һֺõĿԣӲһֻһСֶŮɱǾûˡ
ǿԼ˼ɵһ¡
ĺѾ͸ʲôұ¶ֻǼװɵգ壬ʵܽ㲻ܹҵģҪǲҴŲ׼ԡңҲô档
Ŷ˼ǹˣҪʲôһƽĿ
һ͹㣬ҪһֱҵĺģΪʲôҵܣôðŵΣգ͵˽
ãŻ𴽽ǣ㵹һҵı£ԽԽˡ
亹һһĳ
ǰʶȴǯס˸첲ֻܱȿԽԽֱ˵ĺǼʱʱһĻӲı۾ԸԽһС
Ȼˣ뿴װʲôͻȻڡ
͵۾ǡöŨûһᣬ¶һ֪Цݣ뿴
ɿûٿ󣬲ŵͷеӡΣ̧ͷҪǲ˰ɡ
ĮȻ
Ŷ
ջǴˡ
ӳģһСʱүүһĵƬ֮ǰļ䣬ǳԼʲôǵõģ˿ƬҲûʲôϤУֻǾЩ졣
Ƭ·ſѰĶΪ⣬ݱ¶ˣֻΣգЩѰϣǰͨͥѰ˵Ϣдġ
һһŵĿţԽԽңֻΪЩѰϣǰ漸õСʱƬľͿʼǸƬģд
2017꣬ȻͨСʱƬģ֮񣬵Ϊɳ̲ôʽģҲֻǻкܶƴȴȫͬЩƬҲһ֮ͼƬȻƣȴ߷ȫͬ
Ǵʮ֮󣬾ͺڵһģһˣͺʶ˰һ㡣
Ȼǲܵģ֪ͳӣϵӵ롭Ҳ˵֮ǰ˼䣿
ǲܰة˵ļǣܽǵļ⣬ҲֻдԽݳٻܽǵļ䣬ǰôԽģǰûָ䡣
üԼҲܵõ䡣ԭӡǵλȴһƬġ
ˣٴ
Ķһ£侲֮΢Цˡ
ʲô˵ģ
һЦƼ淢Ȼܰҵѹүүôҵҡ
˵ģ
ָ΢һȻ򶨣˵лл壬ллүүңЩѰ²ʲôĶûҪȻһˣ͸Ͻӵɡ
ѹԽԽͣ۵׷·кī
ȴһĵлģһ㵱忴ԺˣҸա
ֻ£ôգѹȻͣƺҪںڰ
һĿʹˣҵĺӲǻСôһǰ㵱үүϹҲ⡭
ģٴ̼ңھ͵衣Ĵϡ
ĵҶ˵ˣٺһЦļ򣬳עһ̵ˡһ˾ԭأֱϥǱذۣĮĿϵӡ
㻹װá

ûװãٵȻصҰŷѾŵ̱ڵˣͨͨ˶ٱУŭˤȴΪûʲôûֻǰĴڵذϡ
֪˶ãԼһСţϥϣ·ͲȥԻмʵˡ
һ˲ةǴ绰ǻмʵȻȴûôΪ֪绰һȥǶԻĵӣһжֻܱȰˡ
һллأֻҪӲףлء
ĻӲԺһһظֻ۽΢΢ȣĿһ޻һµ
ҶˣﻹҪҹС˵һ䣬ǸðˣƵģŨصı
֪˶ãԭеƲһֱڵϡ֪˶ãԺ˯ˡ
һȻ̤ʵ˹ݳΡ
Խһ󣬻һص̲סүûؼԲ
ڻؼԲ
򴽣ȻﲻôΪûҷ
Բʱ˴أվ԰˭Ҳûȿ˵֪˶ãǰסݵ֣Ŀʣճɻǵʲôӣ
ãȻĿ
ѹǰҵһڹޡ
ĻȻЦˣԭգʵǵõģֻǽæʱˡٵģһʼͲǵá
֪ѣȴǺЩ֣֮߬Ĵָϲ󣺡ôˣ
ıЩۣȴҾֻܾȻЦݣӲãҲ
úúõĲŶԣ˵ţϵҪҵϲС
Ĺ˳ĵ˵ͷȴʮų˵һӵȸһӶҪ˳ҪҪסɱȨһ뵽ӣľޱȾ
ңʡ
ĵͷá
֪ԼǲϲһÿҪģǲҪҪסҪ̵ķΧԼٱˣȴʬ˶û
ҪҰ׵ϣʡ
ĺЦӦԸ⡣
ģԸ⣬Լȫõ䱦õҩİҲԸ⡣
İ̫̫أҲǶ.ҩвͻȫʬ̲ţѡԸƶҲҪһ㰮⡣
Ŀι𴽽ǣ۵ȴްЦ⣺ĲãԸԸ⣬ֻҪһһ죬ͱҵġ
ǳǳһЦ˳ӵнĻƣ

ˡ
۾ŵذãʶԼѾ˰ڲķŮˣҪһݳǸʱԭء
лҪ˵ģܣ
û뵽ŵ2333ܿ׷޻᳡ˣ
ΪҪϼӣܻ£20ŵϣұգ200
Ӧòҵĸٶȣ¾ˣԷһ½ӵĵİһµ׿ҪĹԣҵȺþˣŬһ¸ⱾͬʱԣҸղذɣ

 19 

, Ĳ̾һ, Ҫȥϴֻڵذ˯һҹ, ֫ӲòԼģĳٶľ, ˺ôվȴΪǰһڣһͷԵϡ
Ϊ߬סŰ֣ûǱˤֵֻʳָָȴ, һʺѪ˿ָ׷, ڰķɫӳһҫ۵ĺ졣
ü, Żͷָۣ׼Ѷϵָ, Ҳûٹǵ˿ڣֱӻ·ϴȥˡϴʱһֱͷؽ, ˮϴ˰һ㡣
Сʱƽĳڲ, շˮƺ̫ãѾĻ򶨵Ĵк壬Ϻá
׼ٽ塣쬵ͷ
ڨڨһЦ, û˵ʲôĻ̼֮󣬻ʲô
°ĿʼֻͣǸΣûüҧһڣʣôˣ
һ£ԼʳָֻԭֻһѪߵָףѾˡ
ŶղŲСˣûʲôµġĻش꣬Է
ɫڳΪң
ĳԶĶһͣЦõĿڣʲôϵ

ܲͷŵʱмͥҽһ£ɫź
˳ԹһȥѧУĳһκͻһ㣬ڳűߣԴһһĴ˯оԼˣͷȴ䣬üζ˾صȻ뱻ֶߣѡ˵
Ȼûһ·ͻȻͷ˹˶ǵʵʵůϤζͬʱϣĽһ˲·һãȻĿˡ
Ϊʲô˵һ
Ķһ£ǿЦЦûС
ãȥҽԺɷ˵
Ĳ˵ˣΪҲ֪ľݵϱ˾ܾܾˣҲء
֪ˣƵģ޾ɵ˵ݳʱģ
ס˱ĳ嶯Աߡ
ҽԺ£38.1ȡɫʮѿ۵׷·з籩᣺ΪʲôҪ˭׼ģ
ҲĿһֻۣ֮һ㶼Լƫִˡ
֪ڲǸƽϵʱǰܺһ䵥˲ҩ룬ƽ䵭˯
Ҳ̧ܣԹɵϿʼ˯Եҩﺬаɷ֣ܿ˯ȥԱߣѾֻе绰ҲȫӶֱᾩĵ绰
üֻ˳ȥϸغúŵ󲮡
ϴǸĺͬ˵⣬Ӧϵˣôӵ绰ֻﴫᾩ
Ĭһ˲ҽԺ
ôˣᾩżˡ
գѾԹҩˡ
úãúչͬȥҽϾ͵ҡᾩ˵꣬Ҵҹ˵绰
ۺֻĬòתȥ
˯񾲰ȣСһĽëӳһƬӰӣһĴˮཱུģʱʱᶯһ£ڳԶڵˣҲôʻ
ߵߣס֣һʮָۺ󣬲Ϊƣı˱۾
Ҳһҹδ˯
ʱڴ˯ôһŴ˯м䣬ֻһʮֿ
ĲᱻɱΣ˯ŵʱģǸħʱҪ֡
һĬĬѱסֳһˡ
𣿡Ŀ·ղû˯һһƽĽַĶͷϡ
Ľԭأ뿪ŷɡ
ˣҽһˣװûԼų⡣
ĹӪҵ΢ЦͷӦˡҽȷѾˣ뿪ҽԺĿӳżҵķߣæҪȥѧУ𣿡
ҪϢ
ĸɰͰ͵Цһ£ѾˣȥѧУɡ

򴽣Ĭˡ
һ·Ļصһͣ£ľ³ˣĴҴҵסߣһֱصϣ΢һ
ͷЩΣûվþ֧Ųסˣǵ£ΪԼ˯ˣû뵽һմûþ˯ˡ
һѾʱȻ˯һ졣˯ߵĺôеģڵ࣬ҲˣǶӶܡ
˺壬Ӷ˽ó׼һЩԵģֱ͵ҷ
СС㲻ȥò𣿡Ӷһ¡
ĵ˵ͷҲͲȥˡԴ֪м䣬ֻ
ǡءӶ˳ɡ
ľȣүүˣ
Сʱˣղ˯ʱ򣬻ڲӶش𣬡ȥˣҸ˵һҪˡ
һ£æסһ˲̾ҲȥĻҪˣһȥɡ
õģСС㡣
Ĳٶ˵ֱӻ·Ҫߣٳǰһ۾ԼͿ˵ںɫȿȥ
һȻǵǸᾩæӭСԹԣڸоôˣ
ϾˣѾˡЦţȻڸүү˵ȴ̲סڲ˵ĻϣȻ뵽ָ˼䣬ȴһֱû˵ɵһЦ
ǡҪ²֣벻ܲ˵һ١
û˾ͺã£Ե㶫ɡᾩæ¡
λãպöŻûȥͷֻԼĶպãθûȫָֻһ࣬ò͵ٶȾ
ôˣᾩǵʡ
ĸ˵ûθڣһ̧ͷͶϻߣʶղһֱԼһΣС
ٳһɣ㿴ݵģһֱĵĿԷԼԸˡȺᾩ̾Ϊһĺгϵеο
е㲻˳Ĭһ˲΢ЦΪ嵭ĳԵ̫ˣӪϣ϶Ҫݵġүү˵ǲΪֿ½ԭ򣿡
ޱһ˿ĵʱǹһζĻȡĿһװûζЦ
ηգǱŵˣͺˣүүĺøС
ҲпܣԵ̫嵭ĺкθڵġᾩ͡
ЦУүүǼƲΪʲôҪô
֪һжǻܵģ仰⣬ȴֱָԷ
ᾩԣȻüͷǼûƲ治óԵ̫
ܼңһܵʳø󲮡Ҳͣ򵥸ɴó֤ݡ
ƲƲ죬û˵ˡ
ᾩ˵ڵģܼҼȻʳˣϸĿһ飬Ȼ󲻽ĿģЩ˵Ӫв˵ģи²ĺʣôΪЩˣ
֪ҳԲ嵭ڵģûôɡ˵꣬ǳĿ˻һֻۣǸߺָϽĿ⳷˻
ᾩĲˣӦö׼һϲĲС
ػûзֻ΢΢ף֪ˡ
Щȣû뵽ôϵĳϴΪҪٷһˮءôģүүԼˣ֪м俪ʼһֱûаȫУֱ˿̲԰ġ
˵㣬θƺҲźˣֽʢĺţθůһοʼԣɳڿƬм䣬ζɿڣһСľͶ
ԱĺôԶ׼Է֮ǰЩ飬Աֻзŵ̤ʵˣҲлҪүүɻĿ⡣
㡭ûθ𣿡ᾩʡ
򶨵ֱүүˣҸˣͶڡ
úӡᾩ̲֪ˡ
˳ȹһأɵ˻һۣڶԼϽͷ˸ڻˡ
һ뿪Ҳˣᾩʣ´ķˣһҳֿʼˣô£ԵûûһѾͷ࣬ѵҲ
ʱҪæ˾£ҪѧҵչСС㣬ˡܼºͽӻ
ᾩ̾ˣҲû취˵ȥ˾æʵ»ûҵʮ֮һҪλȥģʱ½æ
㽻СС㣿ܼЩȡ
ᾩЦЦŮҲ뽻ô˾ȥѧԺܹܵ˵ģðŷհѼҵ罻ʺϵˣӻҳþãĸһ
ܼԣֹĿ
л˵ϲµġᾩûСǰλߵϡ
ܼæӦһһ˲˵˿ڣֻǾãΪôΪүСС·ȷʵ׵ķʽ¾¡˲ô룬Ժ϶
ģҲںߺֶ׵ˡᾩƶ
ܼҸЦô룿켣̳ѵղŲգ
ȻǺúӣҷģᾩ˵бһۣҪΪļе£ҲУǼҸҲһӣ̵رá
ܼڨڨһЦϵĵ˵ͷȴ룬λߣƶԼŮﱲҲôţȻһûгֹ˺Ƥ¡ֻȻô룬ȴû˵Ͼּ£˵˷̫á
ùͣɫС꣬͸һĳʪζ
̨ϣС귢˯̫ˣһ㶼˿̴úģĥʱ䡣
Ե̫ʵͦȥɢģ»ֻܴڷ鷢չ죬Ѿ˼֪ôӦĻˡ
һԼǵݳŮʣڶ취ȥԶԶġ
Ȼ֪ʲôģıô飬ԼһӣȫϲĿ־þ
һʵ̫ˣ񱻹סõʳҲܸıûɵʵˣǲȨִ뼫ˣע޷ĳΪ˵İ¡
һ뵽ԼҪԶʮֲζΣнѣģһֲ֪ۡ룬һСģԼ߽Ԩ
˯һ죬ôҲ˯ţֻ˱鿴һֱ賿е⣬Ҫȥ˯ʱͻȻſڴһ졣
ü˹ȥֻſˡ
𣿡ΪӶˣ˹ȥŴ򿪺͵ͣסˣôˣ
˵꣬㿪ʼûڣΪʲôˣ
ֻĿվſڣȲǰߣҲû˳ȥ˼ĺ˸ϳȥǲңֻСĿڣүү˯ˣʱܻѵġ
ôѹңޱʡ
ĵĿıҲţֻЩڨڨûУ´Ϣ
ְŹϣһ˫Ũī۾ɶͲˡ
ģʵҾүү˯ԣûбҪš
䣬Ͳƽָһ£̲סˡһһܿ͵ӵ롣
˾ǴˣŬ㵽ʲô£Ͻ˵ߡ
ߣ
Ķһ£ǵûС
Ϊʲôˣʡ
һ㶣û뵽Ҫ˵ûûва
һûֵͣĲ
һСŲһ죬Ȼͷ֣ԼƽʱˣŽУȫָо
ԭһിĳƺôڸúٶһ
շ죬ûгνֻвΪҹҷô£ŲҸүү
첻˵Ҳͨԣñܻô𣿡ԽԽɫҲԽԽ䡣
Ϊס㣬ýлԿ׵ļƻһ䣬ȴʲôʱ䣬ʲôʱ䣿˵һģ׵Ҳ賿Ů
𣿡
Ķһ£ӲˣֱСȶǵڴϣ·ˣűͣڣȥ
ĶͻȻһ£־һΪҪԼæһ£ĲֻͻȻʼ
ԭնʱЩЦĵȱʹסϰȴΪ̫ҪµֻܼǿĲϻ֣ͼ͸첲ƽԼ
ڴʱʵԵͻأʱ򣬿Ż侲ͻȻЩûš
Ͳܰæһ𣿣ձԹһ䣬һ㣬֣۾һæҪȥץסȴ㿪֣һָļϣȥ
ģ
ıʱӻµģһͻȻѹס
ͷƤҪըˣŻŵĵסĿڣʧʣ㡢Ҫʲô
Ŀβʣ󲮸״
ô䣬ʲôʱ״ˣһ߽Ʊ磬һֺʱĶ졣
ָιߣ᲻صһ˵ζѾϰģǰһų⣬
Һʹ󲮵ĹϵԶһ㣿ʡ
ıˡ
ס°ͣʹԼ˹ʲôҡ
ֻÿһֻǸӣѹֵĸоֻܼɢԼע£ٻߵĿ
ϵ𣿡ͳ
ĻڨЦ˵Цˣôܲʶ㣬үүѵĶ
һ㶼ûңĻû˵꣬Ѿϡ
ĿһۡӲĿڣ˵ʲôأǲǺˣ
Ķãڴһһ𽥽֮Ŀѹȥ
ĺҪˣϰȴܾûУ˫ֲԾץ˴ĿԽԽĴ˵Ĵֻʣһָľʱı۾
Ȼеǲû£һ磬ղͣĶߣЩ̬ĵૣб¾һֱװȥץ
ȵĺڶߣĵļһ£۾ֻоԱ߷ʲôžǵεһ죬ʶ۾Ѿ뿪ˡ
æſĵӲ¼ơ
374ˡվǰһĶ¶ȣ˯㱻˵ĳĶҪΪ˾ˡ
ľܵĺ۾λãһҹΪ˰Ҳ¶ȣ
ҽ˵Ƿգ賿ʱաĮ
򷢸ɵĴڨڨһЦˣ˰ɣ
ûжԣֻĸ֡ǵóҩת뿪ˣ֮󻹲Ŵϡ
ųһһڴϣȴһԲԲСѵæԱ߹һȦֻԼղѹĵط˿һŲݮӲǡ
ղű۾ʱ߶Ķָȥ˱ˮҩͰǷŽһ߸ǵζһ̾
֡ѽ鷳˵ռƫִһֱ־壬ƫƫֶõ˼£еĿƶԴڰԵѹȶΪϲ
û취ԸһԸҲ˿˿ȸֻ취ܿƫƫÿβͷʱֻ᲻չ¶ĹģβԼʲôǴġ
ǿڣζˣ˵ڴϣýҪΪ԰˯ʱֻͻȻһ
һ£ùԱߵֻ򿪣ǻϢԥһ£ѡ˵㿪
ȻһȫƬʾ˳´ϵдգ˯£Լ˯¿ɹ۵Ľòĺۼ
ģղһֱſˣ
ģ
ܳү̬Զ㣡ȥҲԼ
лҪ˵ģҳΪԼ̬ͶԷ
88һСʱһ

 20 

Сʱ, ıֻ˯ֻϵƬ, ֮һ㣬Ρ
һ˯˵, ʱѾȻһڿʮ, ӼҵѧУʵ̫ԶҪ뼰ʱϵͲڲһ͡
Ҵҵ𴲣ܵ˸Σ˳λϵүүк, ˵ҪŤͷߡ
ᾩæסôżʲô
ȥѧ, Ҫٵˡü
ᾩڰ֣ʲô, ڳϳԷ岻ãԹ¡
üǡ
ûп, Ͻ£˵ˣһ˾, ûߣôߣᾩ, ȰİŪλϡ
Σֻ¿ٳԷȻԼԵÿûãλ˹, һ㶼żƺѧ˵ֻȥΡ
ĵȻһ賿ı̬Ƭ˲һֶ˵ˡ
ᾩļУֻһߺһߴ߻㿴ʲôˣ԰ɡ
ҳԺˡᾩߴٵĻ˵꣬Ͳķ˲͵
վתȥᾩεĶ㣬ȵ塣
ڶԡ塯ֶǹģֻǼӿ˲˿û˼·ֻҪߵù죬ܰ˦
һϳͱ۾װ˯ˡɨһۣޱߣôĺƫƫҪһĽë˶㬵ļװûо
һ·ĬĵѧУ˾һͣղŻ˯˲ۣһӳ˳ȥȰѻ˦һغ󣬲͵һ
Ȼôûģò˵ûԱߣӯġ
˿ѾʮʮˣٵʮӺͳٵʮӵƺҲûżɵǰߡ
ȵ˽ſڣϴγٵʱһţ̱Ķʦͬѧ˹ͬѧǵĿ⣬ںͽ̨ϵʦӺüë΢΢
ԲʦҺٵˡĿԷĺû˺Цĳ⡣
˿ϿεģɲλʦֻǺûˣ¶һŴǻ˼ˮݣȻϢòá
̨ϵԭ鶯ݣۿҲ΢΢죬ĻʱϥһҪô˫۾ţ̹¡
ûû£ȥɡŸЦ
̨µͬѧǶʱи̲ס˽ȫעϣ˿Ҳȥˡ
Ĵ𣬹ȵʦôѺˣ
Ҳͬѧ֪ģû˸ʳôֱ˵ˣʱջһĿ⡣
Ҳˣ̫ݡŸɰͰ͵Ļش
ЦЦͳ飬˫Ͻ̨ʦҽĶ
ûѧΪ˵û겻׼Ҫˣȫû˶ƣȫȫһûƢķְ֡
һ޳æϣǣе㲻˲٣ǰ쳭ġ
ôǰһϳģǲ첻ΪǰۻˣҪˡ
ǳ˳飬ѱλߡͬѧǿ󵨵ΪˣиĻһƺ˶˲õ¡
ĬסŴȻȴʲôûº󣬻ĵһ䣺Щ㶼𣿡
ĳʵش鶼ǻģûһ飬Ȼᶮ
˿ͬѧǿĿ⣬ѾþˡǶŵķӦʮ־ȣΪλ˵ħһʦԲûƢüĿڿҲ˯һ¿ȥҰ칫ңٸͷ
ʦı·ˣӣֱһ̫ࡣ
Ȼƺǵⲻ̫һΪſϢˣҲû˵ʲôֻǼղŵݡͬѧǴı˸⽹ۣһŤ裬Ҳˡ
ſ˯˻¿ˣһ̧ͷŵߣƺΪҪҪ۾һʾȥ칫ҡ
ȥˣʱ
ʦڱʲôУ
˭֪϶ģβˡ
̫ˡ
ͬѧߴߴҲʱڳǵı飬ֻȴʮá
ʵûʲôޣֻû֮ǰȻҲҵͳС㣬ҲǸС㣬ԴĻһжһˣĸо˵עϳתϡ
ֳҲˣƫƫһźŪ˵ڲ佫ȥά˺ܶԽУֻһЦ
ǣϴ£˽ζеˣǱ׼ȥׯ԰ȻᾩУŮŮһָͷȲϡ
Դ˿̵Ǻ⿴ĵùģΪԼµùǾ͸á
ţҪҪȥ˿ڡ
Żǵ̾ʦӦúɣҾôȥ˵ᷣķøأǱȥˡ
ôһ˵ҲеҲ׷ˡ
ĸ߽칫ңǳɵǰ칫ҵʦƺ£˿һʦûУֻѧŵʲôѧһ飬һ֪ԥ
˿źһǰһ߽ͣĶ
֪ԥЦЦӴʦǴ󣬸ǱСࡣ
˵ŭǺ
֪ԥ͵Һ˵ʲôˣѵղŲǰ棬ñں棿
㣡
УЩһֱܻݣǲģ뻻ˣ
֪ԥ˵֮ǰûм䣬Ż쳣ڼȻѾָҾͲٸ
ǿ˵
ڹʱԭǿгֱĳ֪ԥȥģߵʱûţĸðգŴ֪ԥ޵˲㳹˺棬û뵽ô꣬Ͷ̥תˣҲʮԷ
ͷһȻʮֻɵЦһְŹˣΪԷһһ¡
ŵĶæǵķסӴҵı£С
ˣظС£Ҳûʲôɡ֪ԥֲһ䡣
źݺݵһۣһǸεĿģͨһڵϣΡΡһ񣺡ūߵ£½𰲣
ˣɣݳԺʡˡЩѾ˵ˣͲһʱ鲢ïֻһˡ
ۿţĴһΪο£һӿɻã
ܳܺȣǡĺЦ
ͷáǾͺãҾͷˡ
̫࣬˵䣬µˡ֪ԥƵĴϡ
ŵһۣʲô£󣡡˵ĳĹ££ū治ǹģūѾԼ˶ʮ飬ڰ칫ϷţǧΪ¸ūġ
ˣһһūˣŶŤԺԳҰɡ֪ԥ˱ˮȡ
źһۣΪҸһأ
֪ԥЦЦةҲôԳƵġ
Ŷһ£ǫĳһ֣ةӦ䣬ݳš
֪ԥ̫˫ԡ
ĿһʶﱻģֻһûԬһղܳ׷ģټϻ
һֱĬɨһۣü¿ʲôգ
һʣøۼһֹͣ죬ˢˢĿ˹ֻ뵽δԬЩġ
԰ԬƺѧУδ֪ԥü
ҲˣȻͬһʱʱȴͬңةʮ꣬᲻ԬҲˣ̫࣬ڻС
Ŀ飺㲻ǸңǶƽˣ
ûڻָ֮ǰҾͼˡϡ
ģ֪Ԭںδ
Ĭһ˲ǰǵʱû⣬ָˣ֪Ҳ֪ںδֻ֪ʱòӦûAǡ
˵ûзһbugǶˣΪʲôȡݳʱ֣ɻ
ͬʱĬˣΣȾ֣ҡԼȥĵģҾԼ͸ý֡
⻰һ˵ڣҲͷˣĶʱЦáղŻʲô˲õһ㣬û뵽Ȼô򵥡
ǻҲԼĵģͻȻʡ
ź֪ԥһۣСĵӦǰɣϾʱҲûм䣬ҲǱʶԸĸȡֲ⣬ֻ뻻ڵ֡
˼ĵ˵ͷ
ʲô鷳ˣʡ
ʵĳЦЦûʲôֻʶѡ֪ʲôʱĵҲû壬ϾûмةҲܸģжʲôʱеļ䡣
һ˫۾Į˼ĿƬ̺󣬻ʲô£һҪ˵С
ǰ£һҪ˵æ
Цŵ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ô˵ȴûѻм˵ϾʱԼҪװʲô֪֪ԥҲҲã̫ܳסˣֻ鷳
ûٶʣ֪ԥȿˣԣȷûмˣ԰ɣ
ûӡǡĺûֱӳϣҲûϡ
˶ӡΪ׼仰ڱ϶ûм䡣֪ԥ˵ͷûеĺã㡣
ԣ̾
龲Ƭ̣£Ĵʲô
Ȼ취Զ㣬ޣֻ仰ǲ˵ģ͸ǰ˵Щˡգһ۾û˵ƣʲô㣿
˽үүЩʮ۰һֱĴҪԼȫƲˣı뷨ҲȫʲôѾϵɹɷˣүүٸһ֣Ϊϵɶ黺
Ķһ£ԣ
˿ʵķƫִǸ˵ģ䵽ԺЩѡѡ
һ£û˵֪ԥȲˣǲУݳʱѹǱ꣬򲻿ˡ
£㲻ԺɫǾͱȨ龶ֱ۾
򴽣ԼҵͲƲһȤҲûУһ뵽ԺԼĪĲ̫ˡ
£Ȼûм䣬ȻΪ½ɽһջᰮ㣬Ȼصޣ鵭ͱҵһж߬סлɳˡ
ָһĬú󿪿ڣ֪ˡ
ˣ㲻ٶԡԱߵֹĿˣҪ˵ʲôʱ칫űˣһݣȥš
һ򿪣һǿ־ǿһЦģֱָ̫֮ˡ
ֱӺֱֱĳĿȥ˶ӵ˲䣬򶨵ı鲻ɫŲһ˶м䡣Ŀ˲
֪ԥԾվֱ壬һݳʱԻİ칫˲Ϊĵձ΢
ʦŸڻļʦЦǺǵʡ
ŵǴܹܣɫ˱ָյӣ˵˵ͷÿһ·ղŸ⼸ѧ̸ͰŹˣôˣ
ⲻٹǿѧˣȥУ칫ҿ˸ᣬеҪʦش
ЦЦɨһۣż̸鴹ƽ߳칫ң֪ԥϽ˹ȥ
Ҳ뿪ȻһɳϵĻĿˣȥģ
ˣô˵棬ҲװֻܸɰͰ͵ĿȥԷڿʮ뿪ʼģ¿εʱʮһˣǳԷʱ䡣
¡ϼпͷҲ̧
칫Ľ̸Сʦ߶͵͵ܡĶһ£һЦ壬ҸǰͬѧԼһԷˡ
Ǹʮһͷѧˣʮ㣬˭㣿ɨһۣһһ£ȥԷ
Ҳںܶô˵棬ͲԼô
칫Ľ̸ûˣʦװæԼ£ʵѾ֧ˣţץӷεģֲ顣
ὫϼкϣһƽĿ¿ˮǿĸӣȻŲƵˣͬʱҲϵĹһ
ͻȻվ˳ɳûȵ
վȺæһʲô
û뵽ˡޱ飬ϾȻżҲǳ˫Ͳųģǿŵʱ򣬾Ҳ͹˲Сʱ
Ļһ˵˶
û˵꣬ѾȥüߵſڣͷԼʱ׹æȥˡ
ǸͬѧҪߣһʦæס
ɨһۣѾˣû⣬ʣµĲָλʦɣҪСֶŮȥԷ
СֶŮֲ֪ǲǱ΢΢ҧͻأֿ⣬һֱƤݵշˣܾνĳܸ߳С
ãȥɣôҲԼǵ˵ɡһʦæ
΢΢ף뿪ˡ
һߣ칫ʦǶʱˣֻű黹̫ãע⵽ˣ̲סȰ⼸̫ΪˣҺͻͬѧ֪϶ҪҲԺɡ
֪ˡĲɵĻش
ĺͻһ·ĬļҪУߣϽʳõķȥһ£õĸߴˡ
ûߴҪȥʳáʳ˶࣬Լʲôܱദͱദ
Ȼ˼ͷϷ·һƬƣȻ鲻ôãռкѧǣڿɫߡ
ıǻҪ£ʱֳֻܱţͬʱӿȥʳõĽŲ˺ܿ쵽ʳ˿ò͸߷ڣÿһӶˣĿɨһȦûҵĵط
ģԴ֪мºûв˵ʱ
ȥ¥ϡ
㶣̧ͷѾֻʣһӰˡʱŤͷܣ϶׷ԼĿֵһǸ棬Լˡ
ջǸȥ¥ϣ¥ȻҪٺܶ࣬Ѿ˿λϣãࡣ
ĸղż¥ʱΪʲô壬ڿ˶ĵط˵ûҪʲôĵԷġ
Ķʱˣߵ£һ£͸о˫ŷԼ˫ŵ࣬պðԼϥǵס
Աߵ˶࣬ôֻĿΪʲôҪ˶ĵطԷˣžΪ͵͵ɵ¡
ƽĿղźʲô췴𣿡䣬ȱ΢
ģô˼Ҫƹ
лҪ˵ԼǰµĺһͬһģۣϢһ£Ҹ2ӵְɣ

 21 

ĵϥǱ, Ť·ֻۺ󣬶ʱʵ, һĻش𣺡ʲô췴
װͿʡ
Ĺְҵ΢ЦҲ֪˵ʲô
㻹ûǣм¡
һ, Щûס΢Цʲô䣿
Ҫװɵףʱ, ıɤӷɣˮˮ
ҪԷˣ̫ࡣѡ
ֻ÷ˮŲ˵ˡ
ԣµʳ˵ʳã˵ߵ, רŵķԱ, ѧȥ, ֻҪλ£ͻרŸ˹Ͳ˵
͵, ļҸҲ
һֱǰòע, ֮ǰһԽԽʹ, ֻܷ
Ӹղž͸оˣҲٷ£йһ㿪ʼԷȻ, ĶȴڿʧƽĿһ׷꣬ȻԼĲһ롣
򴽣ҿԼ㡣
ҳԲꡣĮ
һüҲҪԹġ
ôࣿ
ĿⷢĸӣĵԽԽ죬ؼʱסûˡ
üѵЩգ㵨ӱǰˡ
ĶԣݳҪܻӣʷ࣬ÿ𣬳ܻ߳߳ܣڱ㺣ûôԡ
ɻƫƫҪ᣺Ҳ㵨һֱֻǰ岻ãӰ㷢ˣڵǿ׳࡭
ҾȥƹҸˣԱ߶ˣö֮˵ǰ̲סҸطȥ˵Ҳ࣬˵һЩĪĻǲˣ
ԱߵȻƶڳԼķʵһֱעֶ˿ĵĻ̲סǵķһֻۣ̣ͷԷȳԵһʱŷ֣ԼԵǻԼ׷
ǡƲѣƫƫ˵ʲôֻĬĬѷ꣬㣬Ϊ³ЦĻͰԴϡ
һֱ󣬻û˵ȻҲû˷ɣ˳ĳһٷ
˫ػʱһͬʱоϥģȻǸղűˡ
̲סɨ˻һۣûԶٷҲûô˶ôô
ǸƬΪʲôҪſͻȻڡ
һ㶣ʶеƬ֮ǰٶա
˿ʳѾûˣҶǱȽԶĵطѹҧгݣŲҷүү֪ʲô£
㲻ᷢ
Ķ˶٣߷߿һۣҲң
ǲá۾һ
ģ
ʶڿЦ󣬶ʱʧȥ˺顣ˣһ˵ɵ˵ôʲô᲻ãԼҪôˣķ񱨸ջؼңûվȽŸû취ա
Щעǲ˵ˣƵĿ˻һۣ󲽳ǰȥʹȷҵ¸飿
͵ͣ£һŤͷҲ֪˵ʲô
Ҫһ㡣
û˵
ǰ㲻˵ΪԸң𣿡
Ҳ֪˵ʲôĻԲӦ䡣
ǰͣ£˫ĿĿԼһʲôɣһʵǾڱҡ
壬ĲҪȥƿ𣿡ͷ
𴽽ǣʮãȴˣŵӺһۣͷҲص뿪ˡ
һ·ܷ򣬼ҴҵǰߣѻղŵĻһ飬źһ㡣
˯ĺʱ䣬ǸճԱܿϮûаסޣʱֲȥĵطǸɴĴߣںҵһ˵ĳΡ
£ܿԺ˯ˡ
֪˯˶ãͻȻһĳѣüͷһβԸ۾ʶû׻£ԶŮ˵ʮֶ졣
Ž㣬ңķǳҪǮŮ
ȻһǳϤҺôңҽǮ㲻Ҫ̫֣
Ž㣬Ҳû취ˣҰˣڼʣһˣЩծڵȡ
䣬ϳһĺýţһĻӭʱݺŮŵĺýá
߿ֻڼŵ̬ȺܼƵüˣʹӦԷǮ
ǸƵŮ͵ֹͣ˿ܸʲôѧѶˣŽ㣬ҿǰ㵱õѰ
ôҵɺѣҾ͵ð㽻ѧѣ㸸ĸɣ䲻ͷƽʱǰʱȫӡ
ӣֱ뿪ƱҪǷ֡ò˵ľףֻܼš
ôŰɣڵԣµѧѿ϶ǳˣ㲻ǮҸѧУƺʶԼĻ̫أ
ƳŽ㣬ҿԲԣ£Ұֵծô죿
£ĲҲѼҵ׶ȥûҪ
Ž㣬ҶʮߵԶԶģҲ㣬˵꣬ƺʶҪܾæŪү£Լ
üȷʵ̫á
ȻĻʱˣʲô˼Һİ㣬ңˣҿǰһҪõķϣ㣬û뵽ô񶾣ԺҪټˡ
Ž㡭
ƻû˵꣬һֻ𣬶ʱ˵ͣİӹˣĴӳǺ΢΢һЦݡ
Ȼû뵽ĻڣʱɵˣȷӦ˹ȥһһģղŵĻӦҲˣ˵֣ҺİȴҪҡ
ûСĿڡ
ֻûεĿģԼ˶ίһ㣺ˣ˵ˣϿˣǻȥɡ
ﴽǣתȥƿ˺гıӰߺ޵ҧҧ촽
ĺŵʱ滹һ˶ûУŵˮĶ£һǵĿڣģǧ
ûش𣬶ʣͥӦûɣΪʲô䵽
ֶĲѴҲˣֽ˸ټҵİ˾ܲϣʽѣǷһǮŽͣ˵꿴һۣ̾ʵҹ˾ǰ⻹ǴٲŲõġ
ԼȥǡԼҲģɴԸˣŶΪʲô
ǻӭ°ɣҶΪǵңܶģ˱İ˾Сĵ˵ϸ۲ĵı顣ͦ뿴Ѱıġ
ȻʧˣĲûб¶κβֻ΢΢ף£ҲӦõġ
ԣ˵öԡŸЦһǡð˶Լλˡ
¶˵һСȥ˾û룬ΪյģǸദ⡣
ܣһͺѧʱ䣬ܻҪһģÿʱʮּ尾
Ƿѧʱ䣬ĿųĲӰţ¡
һ𣬺ܲˣ䵭ʡ
ļЦһûС
˵ͱ⣬װԼͷ羰ĬĬԼƽһ·
Ȼ첻ԸģŴտӣ͸оԼЩĬĬԱŲŲûûҲŲ˹
ҧҧŲȻĳǸˣǳǿĸŲ޿̣Ťͷ壬Ӧúܴɣ
š۾ƺڼ¡
Ŀһ߿˴λһܲǱŲŲ
ܡܾ
˫߬ȭΪʲô
ϲм䡣
ģ
ĳĬ֮ľ˾鷳ͣ
۾۵׵˾ԥһ£·ͣ˳
־Ҫţһ߬ס֣ĮĿǰ˾ȥԿ¡
áõĻү˾˵³ˣʱֻʣˡ
ʱĻһúɵֻʣʱľͿʼˣ㡢ʲô
һԲֱӴӺԾǰźһţǰȥ
ͷƤҪըˣŬԼ侲Ҫȥģ
ǲشȻԽشľԽĻţǳʻ֮󣬳ԽԽƫƧĵطȥˡ
´̼һ仰Ҳ˵ֻ͵͵óֻᾩλãԼ뷢ǵģ֪ʲôֹˣѡ˹ͬĳ
ᾩյϢôˣĸϽϢϢձ༭ãûܷȥ͵ͣһֻƾնߣ˸ʻķ϶
һֵ̧ͷֻ⿪ȫƽǰΣһٴλص˳ԵĽ
ֳߣڻϢϮĵÿһй٣ҪƷ
侲һ㣬үүܿ͹ˣǻȥĿζŬ򶨵Ŀڡ
īһ۾ôѹң
Ļŵҡҡͷ
˭ٴοڡ
¿ˮ塭
˭
֪ʲôڡ
۵׷ӿһصúܺõƫִڴ˿йһǣһΣ˭
ıƵɴ˿ˣ֮ǰһй򶼰׷ˣӲͷƤٴοڣ塭
û˵꣬Ĵ㱻ˣıϢϣĴһƬհס
лҪ˵ǲ˻һѸ٣˵Գ400ˣԼӸһºٺ٣һһ壬ҪҪͿѼ50~


 22 

Ǻǰһ, Ե.ֲ缲һϯڶݵʧ, æ
Ȼָȥס˳, ˶һڵ㣬ΪѾ˼, ȻϣǱһֿơ
ܿûڻǡʵ㲻ϸ߳ȻȴѾϰˣ׺ݽʱ, ̲ס졣
, ͬʱһ, Ż۵һ˿Ц⣬˸, Ӽҵķ
ĺõסҲȻǺ׾ӡķɣĬĬ², ΪԼ˵ʵŻԼж, Ӵ˹̲Է⣬ôȥˣһʱûʲô
Ȼǣ֪û, ǱŰϰˣȻͷβûò
ĵķ񣬻ҧһڣʱƺһĿٴһԵ֮ŹæƵһߣһĶ
һֱܷĳ˿Щƣ¶ҲߣղŻ֦֦ٵľһˣųţмһ鳤ľ룬Լĺ
ĵͷ΢ңҲ죬̵ͦıǼǺ飬֪Ǹսӹǣ֪ĻΪղŷʲô
ã侲ӣЩܿˡΣüͷһõĿڣ
ģǸ˭˵˵˭أ˵ɣ
⳵ֻʣԼˣ˵ԼǾֻ˵ˡĶʱ߷ߣ£Ǹ˵ǻˣǲе̫ˣ
Ȼ̹鸹̣˵򲻸ҵġղҪ³ʲôѾˣɲپһΡ
ĳĬƽ˳򿪳˳ȥ΢Ŀӿ복ᣬĵͷǰδеƽ
³
򴽣ӳȥˣһ̧ͷ㿴һƬʱסˡ
ϲ𣿡ʡ
տտĺӳŴƬƣĵطǳɴԵ«έżСͷĴ«έŻζɣڳá
ԭｨһ԰㣬ϸһ£ƺϲķ羰ұˡ
õһŤͷЩײʱԱŲһ𿿽ҡ
Ĺӡ
һǻЭˣûǰǿڵΪأһеǮͲʾһ£
㻨𣿡
һİԵ֮Ҫ𡣡
ģ
ݵĳĬҲû鿴羰ˣ̸̸̾
Ҳ̸鵭Į
ѵǿӲ̸
бһۣ˵ʲô
Ƭ̣ڿˣңΪϲң
۵һ˿ƺ˵ʲôϻ
ĵȻ֪Լ˵ǷϻΪĻ˲УҲûָĻش
ٴοڣҲ֪ʲôʱҲ뷨ǣֻ㵱忴ϣԺҪŵΪξˣ´㻹Ļүү

үүһ֮ô۸ң㻹Ǻƽʵ㡣һ˵һˣ֮ľԽԽ
˼Ŀ˵һȫŻڰʾȡ󲮳Ϊµһ֮
ڰʾСĵ㣬үүֵġʱĲ̫Ի·
һ仰Ҳ˵
ķŻЩҲʵҶںҪүүҲûĻԸ㣬ҲǾͺúõֶ𣿡
ÿֶֻɫ̧ȥ
˼ۿ˾͵ˣֻܱͣ£Լ
ˣҲȱסǿ
ֻϧð뷨ͱһ̣˻ͬʱ˸λãԼ˺м䡣
ϲʲôϲʲôֻ˽⣬ĸλããҲֻ֪Ŀڳ㴩·ֻҲ֪ˣˣĹϵֶֻ
㹻ˣ޿̵һ£ûпĶҲûͻȻ֣Ȼ汻ƽˮ
ͨһˮվİˮȥֻûˮֻǽˮʪºͷ
ˮķҺı飬¿ˮԼҪˡ
ǽֱ·ʱһɲűǾǵģʲô
æͷһүүȥᾩοĸ첲ˮһæȥ
˽ޱĴˮˡ
ᾩֿǸյĿˣ˾˵ΪռλˣܾͳܣôӣһĲӵ绰֪жൣ𣿣
ľ˻һۣŰͷȥˡ
յľ棬ɢõϢҲû˵
ᾩ֮ķӿüε̾ˣΪһСֳȥЦһؼң
Ȼûֻϳʱ򣬵ᾩϳۼֿϳȻڻϳ֮ǰŹˡɨһۣҲûƽϣתһ
ġᾩ
æסĸ첲үү϶ˮࡣ
Ϊ˭ŶģᾩʣشȿˣΪҲ֪ҸղڳϿȥģ
һ㻹ʲôˣ
ô㻹˱Ļ£ᾩ̵ۡ
ĿķӦһ³ǰҪõʱ䣬ȷ˿ԼƻӦöû壬һڨڨش𣺡ûˡ
ᾩһʱŹֺõЦЦ½ǻ˻ΡʽֻݳʱԻùҲ֪Աûãԣȡүү
ᾩգĻ´һȦ󣬹Ļ۸ˣӲ̫ãûʲôɣӦҲᣬʵҲ㣬öֵġ
ƲƲ죬Ҫ˵Ϳᾩһȣģôˣ
ôˣĽ
ᾩǵĿţƽʱͦģڸˣүү̫ãչ㡭ôãӡ
һæᾩֻһ£´һȺ촽ҪһЩĺۼ󣬶ʱͷƤˡ
ǰɣӡӦûᾩϸ꣬üͷΪʲôӡ
ԼҧġĽӲ
ᾩɵĿһۣģ
ȻˣȻôðӡŬʲô
ᾩһҧһҿ
ģ
ⶫԼôҧóءᾩȻɻ
ǳ˳飬ҧȥᾩæֹɵѾͷ㻹ҧ
û£ۣƽʱϲҧ档ᡣ
ᾩʲôëˣ
áס῿λϣʶһǹˡ
ȵһ˻صʱɫѾһ³С¥ȥˣĿһʪЬӡĸүүˡ
ʱƳСʱûг֡
һٷ൱ƣķ֣ѹиܶѹڣθڶ̫ˡ
ŮȥǸͺðɡᾩĳ
һ˲ǲ˰ɣǲ
ҵģǸ̨֪𣿡ᾩȰ
ĸЦһ£ͻȻǸᡣ
һֱүүǰάֶֺ󣬲֤ͻϵܲȻ˳µԼȥѧУס¡
⣬̾үүҲ̨ףʵҺֲϣεǸ»ػǻìܡ
˵֮ǰϲСˣôֲϡᾩֵĿһۡ
ĿЦҡҡͷֻǸԼΪģǣҺĲ̫ģҲϲĮϲҳ֣Ҳǿźгʵϵ·ˣγҲìܻۺĴ󱬷
ᾩû£˵󣬱
ľûˣ׼ȥסУñ˴侲һµ£ûڣһӶһеֽˡ
СС㣬үģ˵Ǵϴ˵ϲǼģϣ㲻Ҫúദ
ģ
ùҿᾩæ
Ӷ˰ѵ͵ǰᾩ𿪺ȣӴȵġ
үȥġӶ˻ش
ᾩЦˣȥģѹûԷŻ·ȥˡ
ıֳĬ
ᾩһۣӶˣ˵ʲô𣿡
ү˵еۣȻС¥ˣСС극Ļȥ͵㶫ԡӶ˵
ᾩЦøˣСӻѧԼԼ̨ˣʮ꣬ûȥǧ˵ˣʲôֲϣҪ㣬ôܷô͵ĺ㡣
үү
ȥᾩ
ģһС֣ʲôˡ
лҪ˵ģĻϰ

 23 

ǿ֮, Ķ㻹Ŀܻȥ, һԸϲ϶
ᾩߺߵĿ, γһͻȻסԴһ, æȥסүүôˣ
ҪǲǣˣԶ߸߷ɣҲÿķˡᾩһŻ
ĶˣôҲǵ¸ص׸ôһ޶ϵѧˣ
үүĻᾩΪ˼ͥг, Ҫˡ
Ķүүһ취ûУ
߰, ȥᾩʱͷҲҲ, ˽ýķ·ʮꡣ
òһ˵ĸС¥, ȵС¥ǰĿյغᾩүүȥɣԼȥ
û, ҿȥᾩЦС
ĺƬ̣ȷ, ֻ÷˾ܵ뷨С¥ﶼûʲôõĻ䣬ĶӰˡ
ڿһݾ͸ˡ
ʲô£һ衣
Ŀ, ԼԱߵɳĲûǰүүڣͱˣʲô¾Ϳ˵˵Ҿˡ
ߣҾ͸ߴ󲮣㲻ҡ
ģ
ôѹˣҵġ䡣
ģүĹϵġô˵ȴʵʵĵɳˣֻûѡԱߵλã˺һŲ輸ɳϡ
Ҳ⣬ֻϵСǰƣġ
ĿСɾµĵ⣬üʣҲǺ͵һģ
š
ҵģʡ
Ȼشһ֣š
Ǹղôһңòûʲôҩɣ
Ȼû˵Ի̣Ӧú׾֮⡣
΢ӣΪƭĹߣ֮ĽͬĶ
ǳ˳飬ȷԼ˵󣬸ɴҲϻˣһΣ㵽ʲô
һֱǵĹϵͬʱ
ͬʱĬ֪˶ãһᶨ壬ֶŮҲ֪ϵ֮⣬бʲô
ܺãˡȴ仰ûжıʾ
ıûףԥһºʣʲôˣ
Ȼ㲻ϣҲٱ㣬˵꣬һֱӲ¿ʼ
ʲô˼ĵһġ
Ŀһһǣ¿ʼʽ֪ͨ㣬ģҲҪ壬ҲֶֻŮӽ쿪ʼƺһΣҾһΣֱΪֹ
ǲǷˣЦˡ
ɵɳϣܺãסˣԺҪҡ
ôҵ£˺бĹϵԺǻǾҪ˵ˡ˵ֱ꣬ߡ
ǵ£ʱ˵ӱĵĽŲһ岻̫ãһֱڲȷǷ֮ܽǰʱܱס
ǵֶϵͲʲôˡı
ЦһûнĻѵ߰ɣ첻꣬Ͳˡ
Լų԰ɡϲԣҲʱϻͷȥһ鵰⡣
ӶľܾĲһ֣㲻ߣҾ͸ߴ󲮣㲻ҡ
ģôزصģǲѧһ֮󣬾ʹһӰ
ȻԴ˿̵˵ȻǺãֻܲԸĻȥõ⡣ˣ˵㣬һͬ㡣
á
ģòҪСϾܾҡĻ
ǳ˳飬ɴ಻ˣС⣬ĬȥߣʵĲȥɢ
һ·ԵĴСȿ߳ʱҲ쵽סļһֱţʵ޿ˣͻȻͣ壬͵Ϳ˰ɣ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻ°ȥһĵ˦ϡĻ⣬˱˵㣬Ҳ˵⣬˳˴ҧһ£Ű˷ſ
㡭˰죬Ҳûʲô
ǻһ˵ˣ׼塣
вߵĿһۣŤͷˡ
ŵĲֱıӰʧŵͷһ·ϻ̵ͣһת뿪
һ·ܻסᾩڿӭôôͺ𣿡
壡ֶը˵Ťͷ¥ˡ
ᾩ㶣ãȻĿܼң㿴ϵ𣿷ʲô
ǲСŪˡܼòش
ᾩǳ˳飺ҲϹҵصǺ䣬𣿡
֪ܼҸЦ
ᾩ̾ˣҲʲʲôСֳʲôȥɣϾͺˡ
ܼϵĵ˵ͷ
Ȼڶһ磬ᾩûе˵ĺͺãƽʱڲϻٵģһٷû˵
һ룬Ҫľͷ˿ӣүүȥѧˡ
廹û꣬ȵɡᾩæ
¶һЦˣпΣߡ
ᾩϴһɣһ˾
ҽԼھң˰үү˵꣬ĻᣬϽת뿪ˡ
ᾩںûܰ˽лֻܰ̾£ڲĳԷɵʵ̸ˣ
ǡش
ᾩüǸӦ
š
ãᾩǰ˴ա
һۣ
ᾩ
ҵĻڸ
ᾩûж룬ֻǳ̾Ťͷʹܼң˸ԼĽѧУٻ
õġܼӦ꣬Ͻȥˡ
ԼԼռһλ˯һֱ˾ˬ³
Ϊׯ԰ڽѳйȥüӼۣׯ԰ѧУǳԶһҪǮ
ӻصҺûٴˣ㻨ǮҲֻʣǰܵǼǮҪôȥһѧھΪ򳵰Ǯ⡣
ȥȻУ뾡סУСĴۺͻ׷ֿˣסУ°֮ǰǾܶ
˵磬ӻĶţԼһȥ˷Ҳһؼңͺʱ䣬棬֮㿪ʼѯסУ£һж㶨ˣٺүү˵ҪȥѧУס¡
ڶѧУ̲죬ı֪ԥæѯסУ£һʱ䴫˻
үǲǵøС̵ưЦ
ɨһۣС
𣿡ȻЦǺǡ
ţ䲻
Ҳиôҵ壬ԡڸסУӣ
ʱţҼʱ䡣ֻ˵һ䡣
ȻĻȥæˡ
ĺ֪ԥæסУ£¿ʱһ𣬽У԰Ʋ̸ˣԽԽ
ЩҥԵʱ򣬵һӦǿЦãɻΪʲôûзӦѧУԽԽ棬֪ܲȻȴһ㷴ӦûУڱʲôУʵڽ޷ġ
ľҪҪ̽һʱһջصͻȻ˻԰
֪ԥߵúܽзŲݡ
ĶĿͻȻŰһ
лҪ˵뵽ɣһ

 24 

شҵ⡣°͡
򴽣ʲô£
۾ġ
æס, ƵĴָﴫû壬㲻׼ҡ
Ц, ͷƵҧıǼһ£ľ㵵ĺһ, 漴Щˣ㡭
С㣬߶˶ࡣѡ
ıı, ͣһºѹɤŭ̫ˡ
Ǵˣۣ˵ԻҲߵý, ðЩҥԴһ, Ҳϲ
ϲϲҵ¡յ, ˵ڵĿ⣬ʱЩڡ
㲻
, ҲҪģ˿̱һЩԸһ
, ˵ɨһۣת뿪ˡ
ĪĿıӰ, ô󾢰ԼֻΪ˵һ䲻ʹľ棿
ʱͻȻĿµ߱¶ǰڰסУ
һ, ֻըëһ㣬ͻȻô֪
ɨһۣһԲ뿪ˡ
һΪ˼ΣУΪ˱סУʣڶһ磬͸үү˵¡
סУҲͬ⣬ѧУչ˺㡣ᾩҲľܾ
֪ܾɨһ۶Ļ侲ѧУĻʳסҲܺãԼҲסУѡ񡣡
ΪʲôúõҪסУᾩ˵꿴˻һۣüǻûͺðɣ
£ľ⼸ĳԣѾ֪ϵɣүүǲԼ뿪ģԻһǶȣǼѧУ̫Զˣڴһδ඼ϣ˵ĿΣ͵𴲣̫ˡ
ᾩԣȻ¶ԥ
ּÿ춼ϢãǰλٵˣΪÿ̫ʱ˷·ϣƽʱѧУͰ͵ģͬѧҲ˲٣ôȥҶȥˡ
ôУ黹ҪġᾩæȰ
ĴϹ԰ҾΪ˼úö飬ȥסУġ
ˣүүô죬үү᲻㡣ᾩЩᡣ
Цˣտ϶ҪģѧУڼն࣬ʱרʱأˣֱȥѧУҾǣպҲԸҫһҵ׸үү
Ϲ֣һͷӣʲôֵҫġᾩἰԼʱ忪ˣһʱҲסУǲܽܡ
Цеļ壺ѧУĻʳɺˣǰʱΪѧУͣŻЩסУ϶ãүүʹӦҰɣ֪ˡ
˵Żע⵽ζնʱ˺졣ʵƽʱÿΪͼүү֮ǰΨһ
ڵȥŪˣʾһ鵱ôŪģ벻춼С
ᾩѾ׶ҡˣȻϰԵȥѰô룿
ֻ̾Ϊ˲Եֻ̫꣬ܰ´ĳ嶯ȫ״ȴĻ
Ȼûзֻǲ᲻صıʾû
ģ⣿
ᾩĲһðˣһ˲ĵɣٿһ죬ϵʱ𸴡
õүү֪հԼһȻ᲻þôֿԾҲġ
˵ĶѾ˵ˣûټǽͶ󣬰λϵȴᾩЩȣ첻Լ
һûΣҺһ𡣡˵һ룬ĳ˵߱׷˹ʱѳƺȥ
ᾩ⼸ΪֶϵģϺͻһȥѧУˣֺǺǵĴӦ
ʮӺĺͻͬһĺϡ
Υһ΢Щڣ뵽Լļƻֻסˡϳ㿪ʼϣ͸Ĳϣ϶һߣԵ˿òƷˡ
ôãֱˡ¹ޡĸ֡ĬĬ²һ䡣
ΪʲôҪһߣȿˡ
Ķһ£ֱӰһťǰ֮˸壬׷ֳռ䡣
˲˵ģҪֹסУһĿ
ϣŤͷвң
԰һĳˡ
𴽽ǣӦ֪ҲϲвУң˵ҾʹӦˡ
ʲô˼üͷ
Ť˻ȥ۾һ£ҲֹסУ
ģ
Ӧ֪󲮱Ƚң˵סУĻ˵ᡭ
û˵꣬ͻȻһĴʣµĻȻֹһ˫ŵ۾͵й¶Ĳĺᶯ˶λŤͷġ
ڳϣװһжû
Ŀ΢ҲֹסУ
ģ̿ӵһ˲㶣ӱһȻӵù죬ϻǷ˵ȶȡ
ãŵš
ķ´룬һСû£ȵѧУ󣬳֡
һ£ȥ
æֳʲô
Ҫǣ֣ʡ
˭ҪǣˣڸҪֻ
۵׻һ˿ԵʧĬĽֻĽӹ̹ػ˳װΪүү˵Щ˵ģֻұһ졣
˵һ̵ˣõıӰһؿ϶Ҫһˡ
һ·Сܵ˶ĵطŷ˽ŲߵʱһײڱǸƵѾԶԶܻ
ܰĶˣ˺òã˵ûãȥ󡭡
Ż˵һ룬ĺȻֹɨһֱۣҪߣæסС㣬ңҪǵ㣬ҼҲƲծµˣҲû취
⻰˵ãĺǼ䵽ֵزһΧ˶ʱ˹
ҲǺ۸ģ󷽵ֱˣ㸸׶Ĳģ
ǡѿ
һ˲֮ǰǼ£С˵ǹѿ˵ҵļͥϵǲԭģûʲôʧջ֮ǰĻԺǾ͵ͬѧദϵ֮ǰ˵ˣܼܲ
ɡǣжҼҵĹԱҲѾ뿪û취ɡƼ
ƽʣԣʲôأ
ҡС㣬ɲԽһǮȰѴϡƵô˵棬Ҳ˲ѿˡ
΢΢һЦƾʲô
һ㶡
Ҷų⣬һӰ죬ӸԴ˵ƲԴ㸸׹˽ãûйϵҸûйϵˣΪʲôҪ㣿˵º͡ׯʮϬȴ˾ụ̲̈סͬĻ
С㣬ݺңҷ㣬˵ҲֻǳƽˣҲǷϸûİ˰ԼĵңȻȥסծǣȻʧĵܵļʧ
˵꣬᲻صɨһۣ㾶ֱȥˣֻ˫߬ȭͷơ
лҪ˵ȻǲһǰѴȫһϾŵ㣬쿪ʼÿŵ£Ȼһһÿ춼ǴӴ

 25 

ƺŵ, ˵һССĲ֮ȰסУ¶, ܸɵүү, һҪ½
ͦ׵İôֵôˣ֪ԥʮֲ, Ҫɣڰ칫ңѧЩ˱Ƚ죬ڣӦúܿܽ
ԥһ£˵, 컹, Ҳ١
㲻ż, ɡ֪ԥ˵ţֱӸ˵绰
ֹ, ֻÿ绰ȥʮӺ͸ϹˣһĿһ, ıһ顣
߰ɣȥ¡֪ԥ, ˵ֻˣıʱЩΡ
üСԼ㣿
ȤңȻǴ֮飬ÿεԼС, Ҷֳĸо֪ԥЩΡ
ʧЦҪô˵ҳĿɱ硣Ͼͻ֪ԥû빬֮ǰͻһˡ
֪ԥЦһ˫۾ǡûʲôµĻҾˣ㡣
ȥɣעⰲȫڵ
ʼû˵ֱ֪ԥ뿪ͻȻʣΪʲôͻȻҪ᣿
ס̫Զˡ
˵ʵ
򶨵Ŀʵ
鲻˵ˣһͬ¥ߣߵƫƧʱͻȻڣм䣬𣿡
֪ԼһʱȴһӣҲûٷϡ򴽣ô죿
ҵ뷨ȻϿɣ˵˵뷨ıؾᡣ
ͣ΢£ӱֻһʱɣ볤ðȣ͵Ӯõϵļ̳Ȩ
õ̳Ȩ͵ñ֤үүȫƲңǵĹϵͬ׸ӣүүô͵䣬ܳɲɹүүġɫ
üŮȣѼҵĶӣǸһ㣬үүģҲֻʱġ
үүѾôˣԽԽ٣ֻһգҲġƽĿݳʱȻѣҲǼǧ谮һȻִᣬ׼ѳɳүүΨһˣҲΨһˡ
үүԣκκ¶Ҫ򲻵ѣүүĵ¡
ãŲͬĿڣ㲻ʷֻݡ
ģͬݳҿԾԼˡĻ˺þõʱģȻԻʶľ˳ӣѾࡣ
Ĭһ˲˾
š
Ǻðɣ̾һ㡣
Ǹʧˡĵ¸һǳЦ⡣
ЩΣˣִʵȻ¡
ЦЦûзĻֻǶ²Ҫ߻ʺṫˣҰᣬǾȥԬҲһָ䣬ֻҪȷһúܺþˡ
ǡ
˵꣬¥Ƭ̺õȷĴ𰸣Ŀţһʯͷء
ʲôʱңȥ㣬˵һ٣ˣǸӡ
ûٶ˰һ¾ˣ鲻֮ǰһֱĻᶯֽţڿȻˡ
ԲôĵˣȨãôҲСĵɡٵԸҲҪë̡
бһۣڷ䣬ûϣҲûȰ˸Էֿؽˡ
Ϸѧٴκͻͬһϣֻ¿һδӵ绰Ͷ˲ӿ˳
һ£Цǲǵˣ
򵥿Ϣֻŵһԣ̧ͷá
û˵ֻǵ෴ķʱЩ֣ȥģ
үүȥòˣ
ľֲûʦΪʲôҪԣ
ĬƬ̣ޱĿΪ롣
ģ̣˵Ͳøһˡ
һԲȥˣطʱķֻϴγ͵ĵطЩȣϲ
㲻ϲ
ĵȻϲ˵ʵֱӳԼݳλʲôЩĿڣһɣҲϲ
Ťͷߡ
һȥ
ǲϲ
ˡ˵꣬ˣϽλ
۵һ˿Ц⣬һƽĸ˹ȥ˸յǡλÿ˳˳
ķԱ˸£С˺ͲˮԱĸ˵ǴŮ𣿡
ķϣҲǡ
֮ǰĲɫĻĿһۣû˵ˡ
ԱЩΪѣС첻ڣЩʦˣҪǻɱģ
ȥˣ
ˣҽԺԱ̾Ҹ㣬ɱ˵˵ġ
ûʲô飬Ǯͳһſȥ
˵ˣæˣԱŵ˵Լа취ǮҪκ˰
Ա˵꣬ƺ»׷ŸǮæתˡ
֮ĺ棺˶찡
ţǰ
𣿿ķ˺ϲġڵԻΪЩεģȽϲϲ嵭ڵġ
֮󣬾شˣɵ̧ͷ⧲̶һ˲û졣
㲻֪Ϊʲô˹ʡ
¿ˮӱһǿתƻ⣺ղ˵С˭
֮ǰԵİӣġڵҲûپ֮ǰ⡣
Ķһ£̽𣿡
ǲԬǹ
һݣʲôԬ˵ʲô
㵱Ȼ˵ʲô֪ĻֱӳԼǻʵۣҾͲκ¡û
Ŀһǲַˣ
ɨһۣû˵
ȻҪĳӲڣķζǲģĳԵרģðע⵽ûֻ꣬ʲô
ںүү˵ľʡ
ޱ̧ͷҪֻ𣿡
ľȻԥˣ𴽽ǣŮѿԡ
˼ҶֻûȤĿһۣ˿ֻ뷨
רעֻһٷûԼڣĳԵñģĸؼˡ
˵ҺᾩҲɻеӣֻڿСǿЩ
үүĴк
ᾩֹĿһۣðššһ߹ȥסĸ첲һͬסߣүү㿼ǵôˣ
ôôżסУᾩ̲סˡ
ãȻĿһۣǸ˵ˣ϶˯һ
ֻᾩ¶һ㡣
̵ͷʶĲԣɫʣүүô鲻̫á
𣿣ᾩڲװˣ˵ٵĿ˻һۣȻעŮϣŶһ㣬ѧˣ
ʲôˣķĻǶԼģɵüͷ
ᾩЦˣ㣬֮ǰôӦүүģǲȲ̸
԰ôˣȻɻ
ᾩߣСô£
һ㶣ʲôң
֪ԥ㻹װɵǰɣѧУ̳ϴĵǣΪҲ֪ᾩԽ˵Խ̸ҲˣС£Ϊ̸ҽȥסУүүû⣬ΪʲôһҪǸ֪ԥã
ģʲôˣһʱЩ
ᾩһҴģүү㣬˭̸УǸ֪ԥԣ֪ȥһ˶СΪһ޶ϵһѣҲͬС̸
ʻͦḻСУ֪ԥ֪ԼүүۣƶҪˡ
ᾩٸתƻ⡣
ûתƻ⣬̾Һֻѣ̳Щᣬ㲻ŵĻ֤
˵꣬̿ӵ˲ͻȻֺˡӦǲߵģһô죿
ʱҿ֤֪ԥֻѡ
û뵽Լ˵ûˣʱ۵һ˿ȡ
ϧᾩβֻҪı̬ȣ˵ʲôҶţҪ֤ԼǱߣΪ˸֪ԥȥסУģǲͬסУġ
ģͻȻѭ
֪ʱվ˳󲮣Ȼᣬɡ
û뵽ֳ˵ˣүͬ
ᾩüͷҪ˵ʲôʱһۣȻȥȰȰ󲮡
ҪңЩȷ
һƽҪĻҾȻȥˡ
ҪҪĸϽסע£һͷˣ߳ԶˣүүžܾĻ
鲻õĻص䣬ĵȴս齻ķûİ취ֻܱĵȴ
ʱүү˵ʲô˵ģɾ᲻ȥˡ
ĽŵȥˣڷȥֱӶ˵үү¥ŸϽЬܡ
һ¥үүŶʶҵĿ⣬ӺͻȻһ
ᾩĬƬ̺󿪿ˣģһǲסУ
һ
֪ԥƷŮϵϣʵ̫ңֻǸѣҲģοߴûʲôĴŮѣᾩڣҪᵽѧУȥסвԭ򣬵󲿷ֵĿܣһɻΪܼܲƣ޾ĺ֪ԥ
û뷨Ĳ֪֪ԥڳԭѾˡ
ᾩһұ֤ԼֻҪ㷢ԺٸҾ㣬Ӧȥס
Ĳ˵ˡ֪ԥƽʱΣһֿѣǿ໥иĹϵֻѣҲԲ˵Ļ
ĳĬᾩӲ˳ƷͻĽڶϻĿ󣬻ûôֻǸɫȻ㲻ͬ⣬ҾͲȥˡ
үү򴽿ģ˵Ŀ
ᾩһ˲ҲӣֱӰѽ˵˳Ǽͬ뿪ҵģղȰңҾ˵ҲԣǸˣҸÿһѡ񡣡
Ĵӻһΰ˵ʼѾ𾪵ľˣ˿ôĻȻҲú
ľʲô˼֪һлתء
ᾩһǼԣ¸ƽ㣬ƽңСܺãҲͬ⣬ȥǱס
գһ۾һʱûӦ
ᾩû̴Ӧʱˣ˭˵סУΪ˶˯ӵģǷѧУԱߣֻҪʮӣѾ㹻Ϣˣ˵סУΪ˺֪ԥ
ȴסû˵ͬⰡĿЦãֻھǼѧУԱзӵ£֪зҾͲʲôסˣֱסԼҷӶãʩʲôĿ϶ҪѧУá
ᾩô˵ɫź˳㲻ѣСǼҿģȻǵķӣ㵫Լʲ˽һ㣬Ҳʲô֪
˵꣬ʶأŮԼģ밲䣬ֻǻֳв˵ãСֻǰſԽмصģ˽õǼǣÿ¶һμأҷûʱؼң֪ԥ֡
̰ǰɣĴĻ
ᾩһ֪ͺá
ˣҴӦҺ֪ԥװףԺ֪ˣʮֵû˰ɣûеĻҾȻȥϢˣͽ˰Ұңȡȥ
һҪߣᾩ᲻ˣ߰
үүǲ̫˵㣿ʧЦղŲǻڽѵ𣿡
˺ᾩӲ
ķܣУ֪ˡܹôٽǺõģٱĺá
ǵȥѧУޣᾩ˵껹ЩģɴలŻȥˣ˳Щ˵һԺκʱ򣬶׼İס
ã֪ˡƽش
һûзԣүүûĿ˵˺󣬱нζԻûʲôµĻҾȻطˡ
ȵһ¡ᾩüס
һ٣£
Ȼ£ᾩ΢ҷԽԽˡ
ģγأ
ѳֻ߹ػǲ㣿ᾩü
˻һۣЦģ
ûǸ˼״Ҹ˼绰ûϵϣȥѧУ˲֪ģᾩͬĿ岻̫ãڰæ£֪֪ÿж£Ϊ㣬һǧĶ
ԲҴˡû뵽ôأһʱҲ֪˵ʲôˣֻʵʵǸ
ᾩûнƱ磬֪ǸԺӣִԺҪٷ֪𣿡
š򴽡
ᾩĿС֮תһȦģУǸʱҪϿңҪ壬ҡ
˼泯ֻڶ۾ʱ̲ס
Ĭ֮ѵ壬Բ𡣡
ᾩЦˣҲŰǻ壬ܲԭһΣ
¶ѹϣҽҪ˯͵Ҹæġûش
ᾩ̵պĲҺæ
ģ˭˵æˣ
ֻû⣬㲻᲻صĿһۣ˲ʶԼҾܾĻ˿¾ҪԼҵ÷ˡ
ĳĬһ˲ĵͷûæ
߰ɡ
ĿбӵĴ߾һһЦĸ˹ȥ
ҹˮ˵Ӱӱ¹úܳǰ棬ں棬ӰԼűߣСĵԱ߱˱ܣΪ̫רעڱܿӰӣʲôʱͣµĶ֪һСľײĺϡ
סͷһ̧ͷһ˫۾̫ˣÿһÿһֶȵϣΪԸ̫Եǿƣôһһİˡ
ں񣿡ʡ
ģ㲻˵û㵱ư͡
ΪʲôҵӰӣס°͡
һûһƵĿԶ㡣
û˵ʵ÷˵꣬ͷһ¡һ֣ûľܾĻᣬڿ˵ˡ
Զ㣬ȵӰӶ֡
һıǼϡ
ǳ˳飬ĿһǲҪҵˣ
ף͵Ļش
һ㶣ͻȻʶ˿ߵ˻԰ƽʱʱ򣬻԰һҲûеġ
ΧƬڻ̳ҰݣĽˣ㲻ô޲ɣ
һ᲻ᣬ㲻ʡ
͵ĳϦڣһ԰ժСͰǸֱ̳Ӱˡ
ǣǸʱĻֵ̳һҶһֲȥģֵ̳ĶӲݣмֻëë㶵ģȥûŪѾˡ
ĵ˼ɳܵˣȫûʶԼһӦǾܾ˼µĿԡ
ԭֻŻһ£ǵûŻסĿⲻס̳ƮһͻȻߣֱһλá
£Ҳ𣿡΢ơ
͵ػ񣬿鶯˵ˣҲ룬侲һ㡭һʱ侹ȻҪԼĳν
ﲻãŪ㡣͡
ģллˣҲû롣
ӣڿһֻըëӣɵôɢõϢ侲Ƭ̺󣬲ſڵ㻹ûлشҵ⡣
һ˲û뵽˵һȦֱƻˣôܹȥʱٲ˵Ҫ
ܲܲҪвҡ̲סԹˡ
һ£Ƶ
ǳƵü
˼Ƭ̣´θġ
´θʲô˼
۵һ˿Ц⣺λҪв㡣
ģ
ȷûغƵĿˣоϻôȵӰӻҲԲܲȡ
ָһͻȻЩ֪롣
֮䣬һ׷вţŻԼҪķӦȴΪԼʲô⻹ǵһô˵СûõʲôҲ֪νӱ˸ĶһҲǲ֪ʲôӦ
˵ЩΣӵ̫࣬Ҷ˭ζ̫ˣϣȫµ˶Ҫźá
ǰ
Ȼ˵һ룬ʶթԼһ˲ͷһ䣬ѵûðʲôģܰ
һСͷ
㲻ǻҪæ𣿣Ͻȥŭ
ûٶһͬС¥ʼһѹ¡ĶԹ˾鲢ϤֻԱ߰æϡ˲ˮ֮ģıָԼԸ˷ʱҲԼ
нҵʱ䣬ԼϽꡣĴ˸Ƿ
ζĿһۣѧ㣬û
Ķһ£ĳЩ˼һʱЩȡ
ӣɵù𴽽ǣôǰ׼Ժýϣ
һûáʵش
룬ΣҿԸȫҡ
˼Ҫ£Ķһ£Ǻͬ£˰ɣҶԽ˾ûȤ
ʲô۾
ԥһ£Բô
Բü
뵽˸ûʲôϢ²Ľֱͣһ֣Ҹԣڸ𿴣Եúǻ͡
٣
֪ӪúõĻӦûǺ׬Ǯģһ¡ܵиʮ򣿡һ¡
Ĭһ˲ҸһԺֻԸԼ
ģҾûǵҵɣʺҡ
룬ɢڼҲԣ𡣡
ķǳ뷭ۣòסˣллүүǮ
үүǮǿϣ¡ָ
ģأǮ͵ˣ
лҪ˵ģ壬أ

 26 

ǿʲô, һԣҵǮ쾭塣
˵ķ, ʱƽϡɨһۣʣµ, Լ˷ݺͬɵɳȥ
֪Ǻ̫ͬߣǻɳ̫˯, һֻƤԽԽأֹŲҪ˯ǲܿƵ˯ߡ
ҳֽͬڵϣ΢һ, ָ⶯һ, ƽ̧ͷȥ, ˯ź󣬱㵽ǰ, ֵҹȥ˯
˯һ㷴ӦҲûУּЩ, ƺһķ˸
ĬƬ, հ˱Ȳ¥ȥ
ֻԼ˯һҶСΰΰߣҪ֮ǰ, ͣİߡǼⱻϤζƣصһ㰲ģĵһƺ󣬳˺Ρ
ڶһ磬Ǳɹ۾ԸĴԺĲʱͻȻ뵽һ⣬ƽʱ˯ǰѴرﵽʮ㶼Ǻڵģôô
һð뷨̲ס۾۱һƬİϤĳðŷӦǻķ䡣
Ϊʲôڻķ䣡
͵ԡһˮһֵƿ￴Լ·úôϺĶʱһ룬ϸһ£ȷûʲôĸоһҲŷˡ
ôôӴЬӸҪ뿪ԡŴ򿪵
Ļ̌ͷֻΧһԡĻ
Ͳܰ·úôԵĿ
ɨһۣܡ
ǳ˳飬ҴҴЬŤͷߣҲֱӾˡ
߳Զ˵ӲԼ˵үү˵컹ô׵ķŹΪʲôͻȻôã
ֹţҴһصסһžײҪȥᾩͬʱһ㶡
ʲôȥˣᾩɻ
ڨЦȥһȦջ
ô·ᾩʡ
Ķһ£򶨵ÿû
ɵѾͷᾩЦˣȻôϲǾʹŰɣҲûһ컹ǿԵġ
ȥ·ģá
ᾩʱ䣺ûΰɣȥʰɣȻҪңǾᡣ
õүүһңʱ˾
ᾩһߵӣֿʼ˳ˣôżߣǶ಻ͷסһ𣿡
Ӵˣүүͱˣһ׵˾ˣҪô˵ǻ˵ҵġ
ᾩһʱʵˣҪÿүүƵ
ȻˣûΣҲȥ棬극˵ɣ϶Ƶġæ֤
ᾩ⣬Ŀ¥ȥˡ
һ뿪ܼ̲סˣ㲻СС㲻ȥɢ𣿡
ǻȥģҪǳŵĻҿ϶֪ġᾩҲ
ܼҶһ£ү˺ܾã᲻ǵʱû
ᣬҪûֱӸ˵ˣﻹҪңᾩֺǺǵ
ܼǳ˳飺о仰˵ܻЩðԺϵĻǲñһȽϺã
ᾩĬһ˲һ͸ܼ֣
ܼңԺԡԲٶˡ
Ļط󣬼򵥰Լ˽ܵСʰһ£ʣµľͶӶ˴ˣԼһȥҪסķ䣬㿴ΧĻ
ò˵үүסķӺܺãرƽ㣬Ĵشܽԣ¾۵ף涫һӦȫѶùֱסˡ
쵽תһȦôô⣬ҲȥԷˣֱڼ
Թ˯ھϿʱ仹жʮӵʱƵĳţ쵽ѧУʱٴơ
ģ겻ɢ
ԷԼע⵽ŵӰ̸˹ȥԣѧԺûʲô˲ţƼ״Ȼĵͣ˽ŲһԹ޵Ŀġ
ſһݡܳģ
ȥϿΣʡ
ãȻǰȥǰࡣ
߰ɣһ𡣡Це
ŵ˵ͷһһѯЩ£Եʲôȵʲô˯úòãĺЦһһˣʦѧгĻ棬˵°͡
̫ˣʦ֮ǰôھȻҲϲһĿͬͬѧڽ̾
Щɣǰɣʦôˣûĸѧùǲǿˣ
ûýģڹĳԵôסôֱҪ̫顣̱֤
Цôأʦ㲻ˣҲùɣ
ҲŰϾ֮ǰڷأһǽ֪ˡ
ͬѧĻ䣬̰еŤͷ˹ȥֻĺһͬ˽ϸ˵ȽȻš
ŵȺ˳򣬾ôҵ۾ˣϾǸ൱̵ϹŶѧٵĸѧòĴǰ洩һڵʱ򣬴Ҷܱá
ȴȽˣ˿ûи·˼
˶ŷֱ£Ҳû˼Ҷǲõüͷʲô
˶ʱٿ̨ѧֹʦԴӰѺˣôоƢˣ
ǶûƢˣɲһ¿ԡ
Ծԡ
˵󣬵ΧļȴҲǶˣһĶЦſŵķӦȺ뿴ˣѰĵ¿ΣȻǸѧ¿֮һߡ
վסŭĽס
һӣʱЩǧʵˣϡʦ
㶮ʦص˭ȳȥģյʡ
¿ˮѾ¿𣿡
Ҳõߣŭ
ڨڨһЦϽԱãһٽѵ䣬ͻȻ뵽Ļڣʱ˵ѵ˵Ļˣ˵ƱػӰԼϡ
ЩʱļʱΧʦ˵칫һ𣿡
˳Ƶһۣ´ע㡣˵ͲĴҴҵ뿪ˣ·ʲôһ
ߺ͵һһмܵǰлл㰡ģҪ㣬ʦ϶ҡ
лҸʲôԼҪæ˲ѵ㡣ĺЦ
ҡҡͷȻǣ͵ڰˣһ˵ˣҲűҹΪ㣬һġ
ӦòǰɡĿһֱۣӺ˹ȥ
ͬѧҲΧ˹²ĲۣģҼǵʦ֮ǰϲ㰡㵽ʲô취ôģ
òʰɣĿЦá
ýȥĻǲô˷
ΣΪǰ췣ҷ̫ݣеķˣҲΪϴ̬ȱȽϺãӦöҺһ㡣
ڱԼϣĻúܺõġƫƫԿޣֻ̲ס˳˼䡣
ıͬѧǺЦеģ֮ʱͻȻŵĿүүʦ϶Ҫһ㣬Բ԰ġ
仰һ˵ڣ˲˴ĵݣԭľʱԶһ㣬Ҳ֮ǰˡƫƫ˵ʱǴһΪĽȫ
ЦеĿһۣŶ˵԰үүˣҪǸ۸ңүүǮ˭۸š
ûлرŵĻ˳ſ˸Ц˶ʱЦкϵ㲻ŮĿɲˣҪңǰʱôʵʵֱӵһξȥ͵ˡ
ҲøҰҪңǲʦ
ⲻ͵ˣʦˣͷһҲᱻǮĻÿѧڵôļ̳ˡ
˵ţŸղŵĻףǿЦЦȥϴּתҪߣ˳㻹ϼѡ
ԼȥɣҲȥĵͷϣ̫뿪ҲŸֻͣԼת뿪
߳Һ󣬸ŴǹһΧģɵҧҧ촽
ϴּ֮󣬶žϸĲױüëʱͻȻע⵽һӰŵһ˭յĻͷƣ㵽ʲô
ңŽ㣬û취ˡƵɫ֮ǰˡ
һƽܵŵ飬˵ˣҸðĶˣ˵˻ʵ㣬Ը⣬ʲô취
ġҧ˵֣۵һ˿⡣
Ųɫɨܣȷϴּ˺󣬲ɵ̾ˣﻹмǮǮˣҲ֪ȻҲᣬҲʲôҴС㣬ÿ¸ҵ㻨Ǯޣ㣬Ҳޡ
Ҹô죿Žֻˡƾŵʡ
ĲͷһʵûǴ취ֻﵽ㡣
ڶңܰҡģԹޡ
̾Ҳû취ˣԼ취ɣĲ֪ôˡ
Ž㡭
ˣϿˣȻȥˡ˵ֱ꣬Ӵ˹ȥ
ʶϣ߳ſںĵʱŲʶһͣŲؽ˸
ϴּ⣬źЦģŬľţϿˣôϴּ䡣
ո죬˼ĿϴּţôճǸ˭𣿡
ûаʲô𣿡ĬĬ߬ȭͷ
ЦЦûС
ɫƬ̺ȷûԼƵ̸ɵ΢΢һע⵽üͷɵһ¡
ϴּãȷʵûʲô⸱Уˡ˼ĿϴּţͷһӲס˵סĳ嶯
˽ʱϿͻȻˣΪźת˽ҡϴּſڵڳһ
һ춼ûʲô£ͷѧˡ
ʳ˷ͣƵߣһ뵽ԼȫĿռ䣬鶼泩ˡ
ܿصһŴ򿪣ŵһɷ˵ζ
һ£ȷԼζüͷյſڣͿ˲Ŀ⡣
۾ôڣ
ͺˣ˵꣬ĺзͣһº󻺻Ҫġ
Ƚһ£ΪʲôͷĴ
ƽĺӣ˵أ
죬ĬúͻȻһͷҪһסЩ˵ʱֱˡ
󲮲һˣ㡣
˵Сܺˣʲôĵģüͷ壬ʵڲģڣΪʲôһҪ
Ϊڲֹ֪ԥܡ̹Ե
ЦˣȻЦһ룬ͻȻһ˲ʲôˣ㡭Ķ԰ɣ

һʣǲǹģҺ֪ԥƽʱϵҲƫƫʱͻȻֵˣ㻹Ҳȥүү֪Ҳ͸¶İɣͷβ㶼ңΪľǸһס
һۣȥϴ֣óԷˡ
̫ˡŴؿһ֮ԼͻطˣһžͰŷ׵ĺ
ݳʱִǱǣűߵǸÿζʱ֪ԼжۡˣͺһţƵſɳϡ
ˡ
нƵ󣬻Ű崫ģġ
ҧס촽һ仰˵
ٴδţʲôʱʲôʱġ
ıӳҳֱӰԼˡһڴ֪ʲôʱ򽥽⣬ܿ˯ˡ
̫˯ûгĺ賿ʱˣ۾һʱ䣬࣬мСʱ̾ùеĶӣĿϵĲͺϡ
һӺȥ˲ͺУȥһ£տţͱſڵĺӰһǻ˲һԲǰߡ
סȥ·ġ
ĴǰߣȫɫȴǸȥ˳Ҫѷֱ΢¯ʱˣ»װ
һԲͺвֱӷš˵һ룬׿ķžͷһ죬̧ͷʱѾ뿪ˡ
ӵָףֱҲ֪˶ã侲һվڳӰµį
ıŭˣԼʲô˵ʲôһӦ
һαɳ꣬ƽĳʪ˵Ŀںɾֲ˵ױҪ뿪
ɳϣͬ˼Ұһ㣬һ߰еı壬һӵʣҪô㵽Ҫô
壬ȥѧˡĵڡ
߬סв˵ɣٽ壬Ҿˡ
Ĳ
ĿȥĿӣǰɣǾףӣȥ
˵źݻȴ䵭Ŀ֣ͣÿһϸɢŽꡣ
һֱڿﲻǿҪ¶ӣûбĶʶԼʲôʱһ
ɿ֣ĶҪʲôҰȥ
򵥼һԼıȷϿҪõĶ֮󣬱תҪߡ
ҿ԰ȥƢþ쬵ķ
ԽһͣͷҲصĴ뿪ˡ
ֱӺˡ
βżȻֵĿǰԸã¼ôѾô£Ҳ᳹ףúóһԡ
ղŻı飬ֹסã
֪ԥӣɵЦ鲻
аɡü۴ЦȻֹǻС
֪ԥʲô£
ԿΧһۣ˹ָ֪ԥ̴ǰȥȻĿڣܡ
֪ԥ
ǿôģצģ׷˰춼ûʳʲôֻȥ飬ȻҲ֪ΪⱲӶ֪ʱͻȻˡ
ʲô£֪ԥһͷ
ޱĶƬֱ̣ĬĬѲͷ䵭ˣô壿
֪ԥ
лҪ˵ʵһֱڸıģֻǲ̫ԣһ¿ʼͻرˣæųԹϣǰ°ɣ

 27 

Ի, ֪ԥĵһӦǡ
˭
ۿҪװɵޱ飺װɵ, ҿ̣㲻С
֪ԥһ, ʶˣмǡ
ʺ󣬲ҪĮ
֪ԥһЦ۾״, ֮һ˵ûмΪʲô֪ǻʺ⵽ô£֪𣿡
Ļ̫ˡƽ
֪ԥҭһ£ð٣һеô£
Ȼشҵ⣬ôʡ
֪ԥ侲Ƭ̣Աʲôˣ
Ĭһ˲ǽ֮ǰһһʮ˵ˡ֪ԥĹм, Ū, Żм, һֱ֪ģֻûѡ
Ȼ˵, ֪ԥ˷ܹȥȻ󾡿ȥƲߣȻڶϻ۾, ʶֱӣ˿Ƭ̵
ʮڸİ취, 򡭡
Ļû˵֪꣬ԥǱܵһݣ׿һ˼ʮӺ̽ĿڣʵҲ, ˭һֱš
û˵꣬Ŀⲻ᲻ɨ˹֪ԥ̱Ȼˣ㲻ƣԼˣҲû취¡
ĿŷŹ֪ԥһʼʵ˼֮ǰôģ
˵
֪ԥ˰ûȵ𰸣ɵ̧ͷӵ˲ҲųĬһ˲һѾʣ㡭òһֱûɣ
ǰǲҪġ
֪ԥҲ룺ǰ˼ҵȻ塣˵Ծʧԣʱ졣
ʱˣ
֪ԥǳ˳飬̲סˣʹȴйµȨûУ˶Ҫǿıӻ˳ɲ߬ţ
Ҵδɫ΢
֪ԥһûôȨƵλȴ˲òô룬Ҳǡ֪ôԼһֻеĽ˿ȸôƽȵĵλȻ塣
üͷ΢۵ǲͬ
֪ԥҲ˵ֻǸɴ֮ܽں͵һˣǷᣬ㣬۸϶ǻȻҲǰķʽúúúС
ô壿ʡ
֪ԥ죬߻Ǹˣˣûк˵ͣԶɣȥټ۲Ĳ
Խ˵ɫԽ䣬˵ȥˣһתƻ⣺вҲûãҵҲˣвڸ˵ЩҲΪм㵱ҴҪǻǣҪġ
ͻĹϵһֱͦ΢˵ǻĽ˿ȸǻ˿ȸҵС飬̻İˣ˳йߣƫƫһԻ־£Ҹġ
ܵ˵Ǹ̫׼ɣʱΪ·֡
ңô塣һһĿڡ
֪ԥ֣Ҳû취ˣֻðԼһЩɽ̸󲻷ĵȻˣЩ㲻һõùߣºܷеĻøϽֹ֪ͣ𣿡
ɨһۣû˵
֪ԥڨЦһǡûµĻҾ˰
˵ûԣϽŤͷˣԶԶĺ󣬵һ¾Ǹϵȼǻм£˵ķӦûôȡ
֮ǰ֪֪ԥ˼顣
鿴һۣţµˡ
أ֪ԥĵĿţűԼҲܲµ
ȻųĬһ˲Ҳµˣ⼸ͨġ
ԽԽòԣԻԸûм䣬ǵԼڱѧʱΪʲôԸԼһֱ²м䣬ֻûʲô֤ݣڱ֪ԥ֤ʵˣһʱЩӡ
ûܵİͻݳʱһͼıµĻ֮ǣƫƫⱲ˼ĶݣҲúҲãЩվסˡ
֪ԥţһʱֻôʱֻԼɵӡ
±²֪Ծûͬ˵ǱҪҲἰ鶣
һֱ֪ԥ̴ӦҪֿʱͻȻʣô֪мģ
֪ԥָ΢΢һһʱԶԡ
ǲµģǸͲµˣûУǽͻȻἰ˼Ŀǻˣ
֪ԥ˵治Щ˴򽻵
㣬Ϊʲô£׷ʡ
֪ԥһʲô£ɶѡ
ǰűȻҪ󣬵ԼҲ˻ĶݣͲ˵֪ԥֻĬĬ͸ˡ
۾΢΢ʣ֪ԥȴæҸܵˣֻŵ顣
ݵĳĬڨڨʣ֪ԥصӣҲ֪ڸʲôȷ߱𣿡
Լ˵ġ鲢ġ
Щɣô̹
ǲᣬԱ»ᡣ
˵һ㣬֪ԥǷֱֿ֮Ӿȥˣѻ˵һһһʮĸһ顣
ҪңһŹ֡
֪ԥʼ磺Ļô˼ڽô˵׼
Ķһ£ˣ϶Ҳֻ˵˵ѣˣ붼ܡ
ҾҲǣԸóôܻˡ֪ԥӻ
Ķһ£ɵĿ֪мˣ
֪ԥһ
Ȼ֪ˣģ׷ʡ
֪ԥʼ磺û
ģǣֻʣһֽ˰
£̫࣬أҪ۸㣬͸˵һһ췴϶ʰ֪ԥĵ
Ѿ²췴õж಻ǡˣ˷ߺ󣬲̾
϶ǻˣû֪ԥĻϣѧУԹ˼ңһžӿĻֵζֱߡ
סȥ·һ¡
ĵĮĿ
ǲϲԼ¶񣬿ƫƫκβ̺ҧҸ˻
ģ
пֺͺ㲻ϲЩ˵ţǿɳȥ
ֻϧ󶼱ץˣԼҲûֻܰɳǰ
Щġָһӵըʻ
ѹָղŽʱ;ζ֣õζըζһܲô
ĿһϺİ׵ĻƵģһθڶûУѾԹˣſҡ
ٳԣӲ
ĸҪ˵ͻȻӦԼķһʱʮãҲġ
˵Ҫתߡ
һѰק˻һײĻǼʵϣᶼҪ۳ˡ±ĿʼˣĿڣûꣿ
һûָ꣬ϲһںȾָϣģҪ̫֡
ϲŭȴɪһ£̷Żɫ㡣
ģллûио
԰ɡ˰ɳϡ
ޱ飺ҳԹˡ
ǳԸȡȵݵߡ
ģ
ӺӹȣһһڵĳԣųȦͺˣ᲻ҪǮһરવ޵ʱû۾һһ㣬ģλø
Ϊ޵̫һʼûзֻ֣ڸݼʱ򣬲ſ۽Ƕ޺ˡ
һ˲ļȣôѳԣ
Ĳ
ˣˡѹе
ＦûˣȴȻڵ·Ҫʱί޳һ㡣ԱȥвûãҲûãֻܿͣĿޡ
ڣ棬һ˫۾Ķ㵽Ҫʲô
ļᡣ
ڲ˵Ժ˵ҶεвڴЩ棬֮ǿ޻֣ҶᰴԼ뷨ȥٸ˵ĻᣬҪҪ˵ÿ
֪ģ˷ӦƬ̺ſڣĳԱˡ
һ£û뵽һ仰һʱЩգΪֻǲҵĶԲŹ˵ԼԱˡ
ûƭʲôί
򴽣Ӳָ֣ڿͣһº󣬲ŸĶͷɰͰ͵ˣˡ
ĵ͸ЩԹˣ¸ˣҲģͲǻῼǱˡ
ú˵һģͷۺãֻҪ֮ǰһ֡
ûк֣ҵġ俪ڡ
һۣûз
Ҳ˵ֻǸĽ֡
Ĭú󣬻ĮڣҲϲùֻҪң֪ԥķʽ㣬Ч𣿡
գһ۾
˵㲻֪㡣۾΢С
ļҲװˣοȷʵˣȥĻòʧǼþգ֮ǰ˵ˣֻҪҲͻȥ˵㻰𣿡
ɫһ㡣
ЦҾ֪㻰ˡ˵Ҫݡ
ץס֣˰ҧҴӦ㡣
üëһ˵İȥǰСǻķס
û뵽˸ۣʱ˵ˡ
۾㲻Ӧˡ
ҵı£ô˵ҿ϶㡣
Ļͷ¶һЦҲǡ
òǡ
ϣϲٿ㡣ıֺۣ̻˷䣬ֱѷãųһҲź
ԽԽгϢˣȻвͦУչٶȣ¹˶ãܳײˡ
ͻȻ뵽˸ղŵըϵЦʱһ롣ʵղŻޣΪίһԭԼǿȳˣȻըóԣֱ̫ûϢˡ
Ҳȷʵóԡ
һϽתעԼ̲סܳȥ͵ԡ
һҹΣڶһ磬𴲺ĵһ£ܳȥȷһ»ûУڰѼתһ飬ûҵӰʱһƬɡ
ϴˢ·ŽҪõĿαƵߣһţͿſڵĻ
ʱһ裺˵𣿡
ˡ
ĿһΧüͷʣΪʲô
ȷһ£Ұˣǲǻָˡһһ
ĿһҪˣ֮ǰҾͲƽˡ
ǹ𣺡Ȼƽˣһ¡
ˣåŲұʮҲ֪ôƤԽԽˡ
ƺ֪ܾҲ׾ˣ߰ɡ
ȥģĺɵĿȻˣûҪߵ˼
͡
ģ
ȥϴǼҵ꣬Ҵȥˡ
ĸܾͻȻ뵽ҪԼȥˣܿԬǾܾĻôҲ˵
ش𣺡ȥ𣿡
ȥ
Լȥ޹ԱԶԷԬĲܲȥʮӺ˸ʻϡ֮ǸʻΪǻ
ϴαصĻʵڲãڳʣ˾أ
Ҿǡ
ģ˵ƽʱǵλ
Сſڷʱ᲻صɨһۡ
֪ռˣȫģԼһʱ֮죬ûʲôʧֻ»Ӱ쵽λ˾Ĺ
һҲûУֻʡ
Դǹ𣺡ԺʱˣҲϲ
ģ˭ϲϲŶ
ȻΪ۲ˣҲø֮ǰһװĮһ·һûһĸ죬˺ܿ͵˵
ԷȻ߽ܶ࣬ȥʱǡƴӵ˲ɫһ˲ͷҴˡ
ʲôëһ䡣
Ϊ仰⿴ƴҴ뿪ıӰһۣ֮һͬλˡ
С㣬ԱЦе˹λʲô㣿վ𣿡

ԱһСȥ˵ˡ
һߣľ̲סòˣСȫʲô
ܺ棿ʡ
Ĵ󷽳ϣ氡ôζûˣ㲻𣿡
Ұش⡣
һ£
У
ģ˭˵ˡ˵꣬ﷸֹ⼸λݳС飬Ȼ֪ʲôԭԭյļԬҲˣڻҪλȴ
ϣʲôʲôζĿԬԬɣ
ĶĺӣͻȻȷˣҪԼ˾ԬһʱҰԬɣ˸Ӵŵ֣ô뵽ģ
ЦЦĹ𴽽ǣһ˿ˮϻӦʵѾɵȥˡ
Ա˺ܾòŻŵĲװ˰Ӷ͵ĺͻϣҸղȥˣûҵСһȦ֪財ͻȻأȥҽԺͺǰŵ¡
˵꣬ӶͳһſĿһֱûãһ
°ɡ
ԱӦһѿŵϣȷԱһߣĸϽȥҽԺɡ
á
Ĵ˿Ѿ϶ԷԬüͷôУĸײúذɣ򹤣ӦûǮֲģǴƷô֧
ǸˣԼİ취һ
ԱӻûӦҵʲôǮ·ǰ컹յһʶ𡣡
ȴЩסУǻȥɣȻ
ܵĻ
Ľ˽ڨЦҲûУǾѣȥе㲻顣
ȻѣǾͲˣ˵ͣһ˲˵ѾѣѾõҵĵزˣ
֪ռϵıˣΪ̫֪ǲԬҲֻñˡ
ɨһۣҲˣ缸¿Σ
ĵࡣĻش
ʱ㣬һȥ
ģĳɵʡ
ͷ
ĳĬһ˲̲סʣ㱾ûȥɣΪʲôҪȥˣ
ӡһԵ׸ı⣬οҲϲ˽ܣھȻı⣬ҪȥҽԺˣѵʲôı
ûʡ
ãȻʲô
һں㡣
ģ
Ȼ֪ԥİ취ûãǾҵģжһ棬㻹𣿡
ģ
ܳʲôʱôˣ
лҪ˵ģ군ˣ

 28 

ʱ, ܰ˸浱ʱ, ҲֿܵˡǺͬüģͻȻһ, ҲĿһ
Ĳٸӣһ, ͱ۾װ˯ܵԣȴ֪ΪΣȴõúܣһǿӯ˲١
˵ѧУֱӷֿˣֱԼλ, Ĳŷ
, ôô죿ŵͷ
̧ͷһۣû, еȡ
ſһϱףڨЦһҲܴ̫, һðô죿
ţ֪ˡĶ۶ý㣬һô, ˵һԼͻһ䣬Ȼûʲôܵ, ȴо롣
ʱˣȴûŲǺġӦƬ, ʵе㷳ˣͿڵҪϿˣλɡ
ô˵ˣҲ£ֻ˵ĿģǸ֪һҲܲүүһȥɣ
ԭôȦĿǳ˳飺ϻ£Ͳȥˡ
ʲô°̽
ڵȥѡ
ʱؼңʡ
ĸɴ಻˵ˣ˸ûεĻλˡ
ת۾͵ĵ࣬Ƿѧˡȥ߳һ·ŵͷţյظͰѶɾˡ
ĵУſڣֻһͷһǻϢ˵ʱϣûʱȥˡ
Ϣǿһ׼͵͵ȥ
ڴһ£û뵽ΪˬԼҪˣĵĿֻԥһֱȥ˷ꡣֱʻҽԺַԼһ𣬿϶ԸɴȥҷԱҪ
ԱȻ֪ˬİҽԺַֻŸˣĵлѣʵַ£߻
ΪʲôԱ⡣
̾ȥСǰӣ͵͵ȥһۡ
ˣİɣҲ˵ġԱɵǺǵ
ļ˺ŪסˣֱӴȥҽԺûע⵽һʼոں档
ҽԺȽƫƧʩҲ̫ãϽǹգû°ʱ䣬Ա࣬Ľȥʱʿһ졣
˲ţֱȥˡ
ҽԺխֶ̣ŵζʮֲСıܿⶪһκͻȻһ
ʶĻͷȴֻһӰĵʲôû
е찡
üߣߵſʱͻȻˣһִָӰͻȻǰ
ڿԷ󣬶ʱ۾һ
кʮңϵ·ϴ÷ףһ˫ЬҲǷŻƣҲࡣкüòüֻ绰ڿһ¡
æɰͰ͵Цһ˻֡ǰλԬԬҰ
Ұ̹˵绰ֻװ˶Ĭһ˲ʣʶ
ʶԼ¸߻̷ˣҲΪȷҰǲԬȷˣҲˡ
Ұ˼ĶЩڣôˣ
û¡Ұ˵ֻ꣬һ£ɨһۺˣžһŹϡ
ĸоŰԼϣɵһֻ»֣ðʧҲ͵һģһ
ȻѾȷ˭ҲûҪˣָֻԼɡ
ת뿪ߵɷѴʱͣһ£һ¿Բκƾ֤ܸ˵˻ǮԼʣµǮˣһٿǮſڵıһдֻŵֽ
鷳301Ĳȥǽϡ涣
Ӧûº󣬱ֱȥ߳ҽԺ׷˹һ£
һ㶣æͷȥֻҰҴҸס·ǲʶ
ʶЩȡѵͻһû֮ǰͻָˣ
ҰĴ¶һЦûɸ˵
ˣû
ҰһΧ¶һЦл˵һ𣿡
ʲô£òԣռվԬȴ᲻֮ġ
ҰҽԺߣҹеҪñ
ĳһ˲Ǹ˹ȥ
شƫƧΧǴƬҰأӲݳһ˸ߣһģֿտ
һֱԽԽоԣüͷʣûˣʲô¿˵˰ɣ
ʲôǰ͸˵Ұ紵ɢЩζȥݷõģû뵽ֱ
Ľһͣ
֮ǰ룬ôҵ㣬û뵽ôңȻֱӰ͹ˡ
ǳ˳飬ŤͷܣûܶԶֻоӴһ¾ʹһǰһڣž²֪ˡ
֪˶ãԺ۾ʱһðע⵽ԼֽŶҲ˽˶һûλһֱǵԬ˿ޱԱߵСϡ
ءͼ˵Ȼʮֲ
ҰĮĿõǮҾͻ㡣
ģ
ʶԼ˿ʲôˣʵסͼҵֻ͵͵Ϣ
ȻһжҰ۾ҰĵĿڣֻ÷ˡ
˵꣬ĵ棬ֻػˡ
ģһ١
Ŭ⣬ŬϳߣɫѾȫȻ˲̵ʱ䣬٣ӦѾAǡ
Ұ֮ǰ˼ǴԼǰϳΪʱģôļƻȻ©Ӧûܿ췢˰ɣĻ˵ѾˣҰֻҪɵӦþͲ˶طߡ
ϸ۲·ڳŴɽѲ³Ҫʲôط
أʲôʱԼĿҹɫкĴɽں֪ĸо˿ֻţʱһʱˣȻǸΪεˡ
ӻǰɽ֮ԭĿˣ΢΢γɫˡ
ܵҪʱһµϣɢֺ䡣ã̧ͷҰԼ׺ͻȻûôˡ
ֿ˰Сʱ㵽һֿĿΧĻ˲ˣĻķϳ̶ȣ˵Ҳʮˣ»һʱҲ
˽⿪˽ϵӣֱ³ΪûվȻˤҰס˵Զ㡣
ţʲôϽͽȥ֡
ҰüɫĿģ𣿡
šΨһܷˡ
ҰҲ֪ԼʲôȷӦʱѾϣŷֿߡ
ֿ߽䱻΢ɢ˵㣬ߴ˺ɵҰ߿˿
ڡҰ
Ĵĵ£Ұʱ̸ľ벻һסߴ˼״ȡЦô㿴˼ƯСˣϧ˼Ҳܸʵġ
ٷϻҰɨһۣûʲôǼȴ
Ǽ˲ϻˣҰſģǮͻ㡣
ĿɬЦЦ⼸ô󷽷Լ´һʼûųȥȻҰȴô˵ǵϢԵȡ
ɵű˾Ȳĵ磬Ǽ˵עûԼƴҰʾ⡣ҰĬһ˲棺ҺҽУԿĻ㡣
ƴͷ
ҰֽϵĽ˺ˡʹһһǱߵļˣѹС֪˭𣿡
ѶĳƺԼҰü峺۾ʶĿڣҲҪ֪
ȻԼݡһСĿڣҽģǻֶŮʱ侭ȥǵԷֻ㲻ڣһֱû
Ұ齥
ûѣģǲλԱѿˣҵʱڣ㲻ŵĻԸ绰ȷһҵݣķٵ˵ҽȥҽԺҲżȻȥģǶ㣬̫ˣûס
ѡҰĴϡ
Щˣûѣȥ֤
Ұְѽճ˻ȥߺʱʵˡҰת뿪ҴҵĲһֻҪ绰֤ˣʲôõˡ
ĵţ˳Ǳ߼죬ãԽԽ¡ЩûŰʲô޹˼ɵ˵ǵĻ֪ǲ֪ԼʵݣֻԼǸеǮĴС㣬׼թһʴġ
ֻţȴòǿԼϸ˵ἰƲĲʱͻȻ飬֪ⳡܰı
ƣķ
ԼҪȥĵ£аգֻ˶һ١ȻڵǣȰס˵
ĵţܿҰˣɫưĽϵĽ˺ˡæʣǲѾˣ
㵹Ǵ֪ɽûźţȥ֤Ұ粻
ģ
ЩǴ˵ģҰʡ
ĶĺӣƬ̺̾һ˵Ǽ٣
Ұɫһû
ܶ࣬㲻ôң֪ˣһ㲻ļʩѹ
Ұ۵һ˿ᡣ
ô֪۾
ҰһǸҲˣվĶ棬ҶʲôҲҡ
ģҲҲǼҲʲôÿζҪΪѣÿΪģݳʱϧΪĺѡ
ģ˭ֻҪǮõǮͷ㣬Ұ˵ͣһ˲ڣܰȫ
ȷĶʮһʼЩ˾͵ҵ棬ö̸֮ΰܣҲûȻ£Ҳʲô֮ζʲôҸɣ
Ұɫ΢
һٽԼˣҪ㣬£һŹ㡣
Ұüͻ
ĺӡĴĻ
Ұ۵һ˿𾪣ôܣ㡭
үүѵĶӣҺûκѪԵϵôܣʱˣָ˯һָ䣬Ȼǲܵ£ֻܱԾȣԻԸ񣬻ȥѣô֪˭
˵þգٿ˵ˡҰüͷ壬Ҳ˼˰ú˵ĿõǮڣûô״ߡ
ָһ
յֻǸǺûһζʲôҰĿĿ
򴽣֪ζţҰЩҲֻǰֵĴڣЩ˲ûĽ˵һʼ͸࣬Ȼͬ⣬Բ
ȻˣǸҴһʼеģȻʮַɻ뿪Ѷȡ
Ĭú̲סʣȻû㣬ΪʲôҪ£
㣬ϵ𣿡Ұ
ĿһǼλֵģĬĬҡҡͷ
ҪһŮᾯˣպҺܺʣԾˡҰǡҪǮ
һǾе̫ˣΪʲôƫƫأĲ
Ұͣһ£Ϊȥ͵ϰ֮ǰһһʱ䣬ҶȽʶҰɡ
ľԶԣʲôһ뵽£úֻ춼Լ˱ˣǱˡ
̾һ֪һжҰɡ
ҰƬ̣ƺҲûʲôˣ㽫һһʮĶ˵ˡǳ򵥣һŮֱӸһʶҪϰİ
ֻƬûиݣҲһҰ
ĵ˵ͷǼ˸ңǿ϶ȥǮˡ
ǲֻ֪ʱٷˣҰ˵һ£ȻյǷˣ֪ʲô
ûźţôϵĿ
ҰĬˡ
ڵϣӦͨѶ豸ڴɽҲźŰɣ̨ͨѶ豸绰һĻӦǿԵġĻ
Ұͬĵ˵ͷǰǲܴݾߵõͨѶ豸
ĳ˼ʱһ̧ͷͿ΢Ŀ⣬Ȼ˳Ŀ⿴ԼĶӡ
ģ
㡭лĺˣҰĿ¶ɡ
ģȻĸŮӻԼ׿Цᡣ
ܾáǻкӵˣҰ˵壬򴽺ͣ˵ĸоǻŮϴˡ
ɸоˣǳϲ²һ䡣
Ұ֪뵽ʲôطȥˣɳܵĺˣǿתƻ⣺ֻǾ㲻еӣԲʵġ
ˣһ£ԻûʲôӦ˵˵ţԼҪˣɷнµĶɵչ˺ңһµʱ׳ˣرӣӳʲô£϶Ͳˡ
ҰŹֵĿһۣ⻰˵òԣô侲ˣôô嶯
ʶԼȷʵ˻裬ĳĬһ˲ǿ׳ֺϲǵ£ʵеģÿζӣȽСҽ˵Լĺܻϣá
Ұ
лҪ˵һӲ֣ôң
ģҴ


 29 

, չ˺ң֪𣿡Ϊʱ, ֮ĵĨڻ
ҰʱӼˣ֮͵͵ϵ, ĵֶʱûôˡ
ιǸ˭ҶҰշſĵ, ˾˭ѽ˺ģ
źŶûУϷˣǲ죬һģҰƦ𴽽ǡ
ˣɱ̫, Ҫǰ˼, ǻĵġ
⻰էһûʲô, ϸһڰʾǻ˺ƱĺҰͬʱһ, ȴû¶֡
Ұ˵˼仰򵥰Ӧȥſģ侲, ѵá
ֽ˵Ķýӻ, бһۺתƻ⣺ιʲôʱʼѧģ
ʮҾͲˡҰν
Щܣ˺ܶ, Բˡ
ʲôϵҰֵĿһۡ
̾û£Ҿһ뵽ѧô磬еѹ
ʥĸ𣿡Ұϳȴ˵ζʱ䵣ңôܳȥ
һ±ӣŵζˡ
Ұ۾
ҲǣôҹҪܺȵůһ£϶ܶ࣬һͰϣô
ҰĬãǧ
һݳʱһЦˣ̫ˣȥǺȾƣӦûͦӭİɡ
ǹ֮õͨѶ豸Ұ²⡣
ĿЦеõȻãܵĻԿӦڸղŵ˾ϣֱҲ
Ұˣһۺ𽺴ճϣתȥЩˡĵЩЩȣҪȾƺ˶ʱЦֱӳһСë𣿡
԰ҰƵĿһۡ
̱˶־ȥ˰׾ƣ˿ʼʱҰʾͳˣҲ֪СԴôģӶǸƴƵķպܿ챻ˡ
ǧôƲܲܣͰϣҰһһĺȣ۵׵ĵǼڲزס
֪˶ãֵԽԽСڵϺ˯ȴԽԽ࣬Ȼͷʮ㣬ԽԽ˼
ҰЩмܲסˣɫĳȥ˼ΣȻȻѣȴԾİθȻЩˡ
ͻȻڳ⣬֪ЩҲôܺȣ˵ʲôҲҰȥƴơȻµ˵ʲôûˣֻܼƴȥںܿҲֲסˣڵϣԺľҪ˯
ҰҲװӣ˾Ա߲ˡ
ιԱһţֻˣҽӵ绰
İɣġ˵꣬ͷһ˯ˡ
ĺҰ̶һۣԼ֪ͨѶ豸˭ˡ
ֿʱ٣Ұ˰ΣָһṴס˾ԿסĽһпʼж̻ʼӡ
֮ǰҰɿ˲٣˿̽ѣҰԿõֺҲϵӶ⿪ˣһ˺ϵĽŵĳȥ
Ұ˳ע⵽ղ˵˵ֻڶ¶һǺ̴ȥȥֻ
ľվڲԶĶĶѲ÷ֻɡȻһҷֻ۾ȥá
õֻ˲䣬ͬʱһһֻͻȻֻȻ۾Ұ˲ӡ
ֻһ˲䣬Ұһϣ̧ͷĴһܣ
ĵŤͷܣҰҲ߿ܣֻ˾ѣƾʱ˴룬ߵļ˶ˣŭ׷˳ȥԭˣһб䣬ҲŵѴ룬Ҵææĳ׷ȥ
ĺҰͷҲصܣڼΪ̫СʯϣʹҲûֱӳ嵽Աߣͬʱ˺ᡣ
ʶûȥʻʱͬʱһ¡
㲻Ὺ
ôȥ
ıˣҲʮ˼찡ûأ
ǮգҰʡ
ģ
ǼۿžҪ׷ˣһҧ嵽ʻϰԿײãæҵİһܴ򿪵ĶˣԼľ飬һŲȥ
ԭ嵽ǰЩˣмֱӱˣһײù˼Ȧҧ򿪴ƣֱӳɽ³ȥֱײϹ۵ļȸҰε߻أ̲ס򿪳¡
Ĳ֪ʲôʱˢҲˣĪֻһĹʱбըķա
㿪㣡Ұ꣬ͻȻʶԾһͿѳ˻ɽ·ʱƤҪˡ
ɽ·ֶխһ伸˶ҿû뵽ĵô󣬾Ȼ·϶١
Ҳھ߶Ƚ״̬Ļæһȣȵţ͵ǰһ¡
˵ʱʱ죬ʹת򣬳ѵһײɽϣ˲ڿգһݺײڳ
ʹһ
Ұײ߻أûȻͳ嵽ǰû°ɣ
áļǿǰһһķڡ
Ұɫ԰ףӡĺأôˣ
ʲôӣãȻһ˲ӦڨڨаɣʱȽϺãӺܼǿ
ǾУû¾ͺáҰ͵һ
ؼʻŰѳ¿·ϣôšԿףû취ѳãȻĿҰ⳵ˣ
ûҲܿˣɽ·ߣĳӳȥȳˡҰ˵ţԿװ˳
Ҳ֪˵е̾³ˣҰȥֱӰѷ̲ˣ³ӵɽ
߰ɡҰ
򴽵˵ͷ˳źҹɽȥһ·ͻȻʣֻأ
Ұֻ£æѸղֻóſʮδ磬ʮţҪڵϢ
һһģǽε֤ݡ
ôִģҰЩգ֪Ů˴ȱǮҲòͽ
ʼ磺ҪʲôɣԼ㹻ˡ˵Żһ롣
ֻͽͨˣ洫ź˭
ȻƽʱԼܶߺίһȴֻðģ֪ۿҪˡ
ֻĬһ˲ٿʱһЩСģģ
׷ٵֻλ𣿿ҡĵıأһ㡣
Ҳ޷侲㲻Ҫҵ绰ʮϣ׷ٵλáڻûˣ
ҺҰһǶܰȫĵ͸ھΣҲãҲñȥģҲẦһץ
Ұ㶵Ŀ
ĬƬ̣û˾ͺãǻͷ˵
áеûסô˵һҪҰģַԵĻʱ϶Ҫܡ
֮£ڵĵ֮ȴ뿪
鵽ǵλ𣿡ŵʡ
ǱߴһOO@@Ķűȵţ鵽ˣڿ᣿
Ķһ£ûС
ڵλãҲҪСʱܵȹ˵绰ֻҰͷȥǡͳĶ
üΪʲô
ҰһۣΪûֻû
һĿ̫ҪֿߣֻҰʶǿֻҲ޷˵Լ׼ȷλãֻ򶨣ŵĽֻ׵ġ
ŶĴû£˿ֻѡŻֻ̰Ұ˵Ļ򵥵ظһ顣
ҰĬһ˲˵öԣǺܿͻ׷Ҫֿ㡣
áĵ˵ͷ
Ұ¿һȦͽɣɽܣһңٴ㡣
áĹ˳Ӱţİ£ֱ˳ץɽϵֲһԾϣһΣŲ
Ұۼֱɽȥ
ĺϴҰףȻɪɪڲľ棬ҷһ
ãɽ·ϾʹֵղſȺ׷ˡ
ģܿ𣿣
ˣ·ȫˡ
ǲǶڸȥң
һ仰ĶʱһҲԾ߬ȭͷһĸ߸ʱͻȻһֻʱһ㶡
ιģ˽˵绰˵ٷϻӱ㻹ȥ׷
˵꣬׷˳ȥٴΰ
𾪵ڵϣӶǸղŵֻˣЩ˼ȻҪϵͻῼǵֻ߳ϵĿܣʲֻһ̨ͨѶ豸Ըղһֻ̨ǻܸϵҲпܵġ
ڻΪʲôҰֻ뿪Ҳ뵽һ㣬ԶλֻλãҲܶλΪ˲ʧȥλҰ˻ӡ
һҲסˣɴҹɫ׷˳ȥۻسԣڳһȦһ֣űǰܡ
ƶλֶֻο϶ЧЩӦúܿҵҰһ㣬ٿһ㡭ʵҲԼҵˣҲʲôȥܿԬΪһκΪһΡ
ıŲ֪ƴǰܣڼһսǴʱȺ֡Լȭͷϵ
˵˵Ů˲ȥˣͷŭ
һʱ˶СɽǰߣڹսǴǰҰͷѪڵϺ󣬶ʱɫ԰
ΧסҰ۾Ѫ΢΢̵ѪҺճסһֻ۾ӽǣǡÿԿġָһֻܿķҡҡͷ
һᶨս˰֣ӱ͵͵ͷģھ͵سǰȥĶʱѾһԴϡ
۾һ̱ĵ˵ϡ
Ĳ˷ӦĻᣬֱӳǰȥҰҪȻºʧˡ
ʱǷӦ׷˹ȥû˹ҰˡҰ˱۾һֱµֻ˳Ÿ˵绰
ƴǰܣܵ˶Ҫˣȴ繷Ƥҩһ㣬ô˦˼ӺٶЩ˺ԼľԽԽܿˡ
ڣǱץס졣
һ̰ˣǿǰձ͵һƣһͷ˵ϡ
ӻۣǰһһķڣ̱ڵϣŬ۾󣬲Ÿоͷж
ܰѾͷб»ܰƵһСϡ
ƺһڵûж
˶ֻİ֣ҪԴʱͻȻס磬СǺôңôɱǲ̫ˣ
˵ô졣ͣ֡
˵ЦЦ缸ļƤǧС㣬ʱ仹磬㿴
¶ղЦݣĻǵĻһƬŬԼ侲ʱ׼ӡ
ȻЩѾĿģֱӰΧ˶Աߣ˲ʵ֡
žһѶԷִ۵׵Ρ񷴶˸˷ܣҲ̲ס֡
ֻһɲǵʱ䣬һǿ˹ʶ۾
֪ʲôʱͻȻˣ罫ĵͷЩңҲԴϵ˿ڷʹСŬӦǿ⣬пһӰԼһֱǿɢˡ
ҲӦǿ⣬˺ʱʼˣѰһȦٴΰĿⶨϡ
һһԼϣһǰȥۿ֣Щڳ׼ˣŰֵ͵س˹ȥƫеϡ
ģ۵׳Ѫ͵سǰһˣ˽ӵ˻һصĵ˵ϡ
̳Щ˳ȥһʱҲ
Ķͷͺ׶ˣ˿ǰһһķڣĸоšݳʱйʱ򣬶ָоʵ̫Ϥˣ˿̿ǰۿˣǵͻȻ͵
ġġڻҪ˯ڴȥҽԺ
ڣҪˡļѿڡ
߬ס󲻿ϷţҪ˵㲻µģ
˵ˣҪúչүүġһ۾ʱôôùÿ綼̫á
˵˵㲻µġɬĻʿҽˣ׵ܾҪ
ٴ۾Щ˺л˵ߺ𣿡
Ĺԣȿҽòã
ҡҡͷҲҪҪȰѻ˵ꡣ
ҽҽͷŵ˵˵
ʵӦҲǲģӢֺãȻԵЩȴҵļ裬һŴ˯꣬ôܻ㣬θﻹڷģסܾ˵˳ҾǲϲİԵһӶţ㲻ģ±ӣҲԸһ𡣡
ɫ࣬ͻȻЩҪôŻԸһ𣿡
Ҫҵİɣ㿴˼ĸѣرŮѻģ˵ֿʼģܵı˱ۺ̾һˣ˵ЩҲûʲôˣˣˣ㲻ҡ
˵꣬۽ǾͷˣΡΡ֣˻үԲԺ˰ɡ
ڿϳԼ˭ˣ£ζ
ĸоԼͷҲûʲôˣǿЦһˣҾݳǸʵۣҵүҵġˡ
˵꣬۾ûñоԼһᣬһ²֪ˡ
֪˶ãĸоãܾú嶯һ£ʱһɻΪʲôԴʹĸо
ð뷨͵۾⧲ͻˡ
ܺãɫīĶ˿ڶֻ˵˱㣬ûӰͷһʱͺˣ¡
ģ
лҪ˵ģҳΪ̫ܾ
Ҹʱдˣдˣ

 30 

ǵ, ӺȷԼڲˡһƬ, ֮ĬĬǺñӣޱ, ȷԼʱ޶ࡣ
Ҫҽҽ𣿡ü
ģˣе㷸, ˯һ¡
ԣ΢΢ﲻ
ı۾˵
֪Աݣе㲻ɴҲǿŻһҹ, ȥڷ˯һ, ƺܿ͹, 㣬ȥ´һ, ڱġˣġ
ĵĽë˲̲ס۾һС, ûߺָϽ۾Ұأû£
¥²û, ֻ˯ҰЩĺ⡣
̲ס۾۸

Ȳ˵ģ¶ԣһʼ֪ҵ, ֪һֱڰң˻ӣҲôص֮󣬻Ҫʲôͷ򴽵
Ƭ̣á
Уֲһ䣬תҽԺɣ֮ǰǼҽԺ̫ˡ
˵꣬̾ݳʱȻ󸻴󣬿ҲС֮ңôִ˾أҵͺá
Ļû˵꣬촽ͱסˣã̧ͷ۵׶һ棺Ҫǰıˡ
ģ
úϢ뿪һˡ˵Ҫߣȴоָסˣһ£ͷ
СĵĿڣЩ˽촦ͺã£ﲻݳҲȫס㡣
ڹңĿ
˲ɿ֣ҲûУֻһѡ
˵꣬㸩ͷӡһǣľȵĿŲ㲻ҪҶֶš
ԼŶֶţԣʡ
ĵۣ˭ţ
˵أһ˿Ц⡣
ĸҪԼԱЩʱҵı۾ҺۣҪ˯ˡ
ӵһʱӲһ㻹ŵķϣʱˡħһߵ˵Ĵת뿪
ȵĲ޿۾컨忴Ƭ̺ͷ۵̾
˵ᾩܿ͹ˣͷϵɴ˲۾˻ǵˮ·һҹ֮ʮꡣĿһһܣүү
úӣûˣûˣүүڡᾩȵߵߣļ
һ±ӣŻ˰ɣҲãҸСĵġ
ЩɥģʲôϵҺû£Һáеĺ¶δĻᾩ̾ϢЩ󣬲żҪл壬ҿڣҲ侲룬һʼҪǮʱҾ͸ˣǺ롣
ĵһ֮Ĺ£æô֪Ҷ˵ģ
ûϵ㣬ֱȥˣ㲻˺ͿʼңȻҵǼҽԺſڵļأᾩ̾һʼңҷõԴ֮²֪ģŮǿҪˡ
үүˡ۵Ŀڡ
ᾩҡҡͷҲ࣬࣬ˣһҪúлл֪𣿡
ᵽ鲻ɵùŹԻȷʵиммʵڲֵһᣬ˵ûĵĻܾûΪʲôӦõģĻѣȥʲôҲȫԸġ
ڶǹϵ֪Ǵ㻮޵˼ĵһζԼһֱͷɡ
ģģ
͵ػ񣺡үүôˣ
Դ𣿡ᾩǵʡ
ɫЩ԰ףǿЦЦ̫ۣе¡
Ӧ𵴣Ϣͻˡᾩο
ĵ˵ͷֺ˻ܿ¶ƣ⡣
ᾩҴϢæ˯ɣүүȥš
Ҳȥ˯ɣҪһֱ⣬Ҳ˯ŵģĵᾩ⣬Ȱ˵ȥɣܡ
ᾩԣֻôӦˣֶ䣬ת뿪ˡ
֮˯ˣٴʱѾǰʱ֣ĵĸо᲻٣Դȴʼۣ۾̲סʹһ
ҽҽ
Ժ۾±ˡܿҽ͸˹ϸһȷûʲô󰭣ҩ֮뿪ˡ
һڣѾѣȷֻʣͻ˺󣬱̲סʣ鴦ˣ
š
ôģʡ
ҪúϢҺʹڣЩ²ġ
㲻˵Ҿû취ģң㷸𣿡ļֱӻش⣬üͷɵ
Ĭһ˲ǶΥĵ·
ǳףһֱڣҶչ޻ڼĺ²ۡ
۾ԽԽˣ
æСԴۡ
ҽ˵ûˡ֪ҪˣֱӴ
Ĳҵ壬ھǺۡ
ȻôۣǾͺú˯ɣȲٸ˵εĴ
۾ϡ
۵һ˿Ц⣺Ļһнˡ
ֻü
˳ύһЩҵķ¼ٱ֤ʮ֮ڣһҶ㡣
Ⱥأû˴ɣĿ¶ǡ
ĿûС
ģĲ̫š
ģһ
ģû˴
˶ݵĳĬƬ̺ţѾ˰ˣⱲӶٳǰ
üô֪£
µģûʵʵ֤ݣû취ͽţȻ鲻̫á
ǳЦһŮ˵ɵɵ˵Ҳȷʵûʲô֤ݣ֮ԶҺôȴʵʵڱģαߣҲ̫Թ
Ŀ
ҡҡͷЩ˾ԽúƽϣԽǿԼݣغúýѵһҲУܵý֪Ͷ̥żˣ͵÷С
뷨
۵׷һ˿⣺ǼǿǼҵѪǿģҲ֪ݼԶܳΪˡ
á˵꣬ס֡
Ķһ£ͼֳȻȴбһۣȴ۵ŨصЦ⣬ɵðʹ
ջǻ˵һɿ֣¶ʤЦݣݵúϧʱ䣬㲡ˣҪú˵ģҵı¡
ģⱲڵ£˵ʱûȷΣȰԽװס
ֱˣ˵ҲøлЩˣǣҲ֪ԭڱӢֺãб
Ȼʱ۵ҲǼǵþģ㲻Ҫ۸ҵĻ̲ס˵۾һתʱĿڣԣʲôǵˣ˵ʲôǧϡ
¡ء
ģ˭Ǳ£ڽ˭
۾΢УƬ̺󣬻ڵҲƻûõʱҵĻðһ㡣
Ķʱŵò֨ˣ⣬˸ƻϡ
׼ݵᾩ͸ϵĲ忴һĻʮοŤͷԹܼҵ⺢ӣĵ׹Ůˡ
ȷ˼ꡣȻѾй²۵ĸоعܼһ̲ס
ᾩһ˵ʮˡ
ľͺáܼҵһξԼҪҶ졣
ڲ죬ɫǺ࣬Ҳ´߶߶ˡȥҰܾˡ
ǲ͵͵ɱˣһ
Įڣɱô
㣡
ҲɱΪĺԥøǿش⡣
üͷ΢壺ȻûɱΪʲôҪȥ
ΪҲϲôıˣԼԽǼȣԽǲͬ⡣
ģƫִӣǺ֮ǰһģһ
˵ˣǰһס°ͣʹԼӣҲϲ£㲻Ҫ֪𣿡
ĶĿһ˲оԼֻصݳʱڣֱĵĸоֿ
Ҫңһָֻ۾ϣ߱סĻ̫Ҳϲ
ģ
ʶǵǸе˵ѹҲûзĻƵĿһۺ󣬱㵽ˡ
Ĭһ˲ȥ߰ɣһʿ
ͷۣȥˡ˵꣬ԼСӸǺˡ
ǰôͷۣҽҽ
ˣȥɣϢһ¾ͺˡı۾˵㲻ˡ
ʶһת뿪ˡһ죬۾ˣ̾
һֱ岻ã̹Լݣģˣɽ׸ıƣ׸ıԼҲ̫ˣŻǨԼ
ĽһҼ֣ûõ㣬ԽԽƣĪֽ޷ѣ廹ûȫã˶Եò̫ˡͼû͵͵ȥҰÿ͵ܶץˣͻȻʶ˿
͵κ󣬻ޱĳڲǰٲҾͰ
ʲôͻȻš
ڣ֪һʲô
Ĳ˵ˣΪвװͬʱͻ֮Ҳʼе΢ĲԸҲʱûκκôúദÿοǻ˵
һΰܣƺý鲻٣ͬʱҲࡣ
ֱŤճ죬ˣһ棬̲סʣȥԬ𣿡
¥סָû֪ԥش
һ
˼Ŀһۣôãûȥ
𡭡ʼ磬Ҫ˵ͽˣıʱûȥ
ɨ˻һۣ˶ݵĽӣ˲˻.ҩζ
Ԭ״̬ܺã²õģ壬Ҵȥ鵭

ЦЦ̶תƻıˣҲûǿ˳Ļġڽĺദʱɵı飬⼸ԼѺõ
һ²˵ڸҲǿڽɢԹϢź֪ԥ˰Сʱеȥˡ
£Ȼûʲô£ҾˣпΣҵǰΡŵһվ
֪ԥϽҲҲߣԼ˳ȥ䡣
бһۣûвǵĻԣȥɡ
˸ϽˣȻڲĺ˵ŻѹԽԽͣڵ˽޷Եĵز
飬Ȼȥɣеˡ̾
״˳ӵĵ˵ͷȥʱͻȻվһĿڣ㡣
ɨһۣĬߣſʱԥĽĵǵĿ
ߴ˰ͬУӢòڶߣһֱҽԺſڣŵǱˣ
ûСͲˡ
۵׻һ˿мֱ̧ǰߡ
סȥ·Įʣô壿
ü˵û
ĻòҪҡĿ۾
Ƭ̣֪ԥ֮ǰǽ̹㣿ôѧ᣿
ЩûãҪƾ֡
鴽ǸһԵĻȣƾֵĸڱµ⣬Ĳ˵ʲôá
顭ٱը
һЦҲɢˣʼն㲻һɣ
н㲻һֱ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰͻָ𣿡
ɫ΢
ҿԸ㣬ҳһҵһм䶼ûǡĿڡ
ȻһԤϵˣɵ׿˵ʱܵ˳ôģ
Һͺ֮һ㡣ûֱӻش⡣
򴽣̾򵥵ķ˳Ҫʲô͸ʲô
üΪʲô⣬ô֪ԥ磿
㶼Цһת뿪ˡ
ĬãߣһžͿֻ˶һۺģĴ˸Ƿ۾Ҫ˯
ߵǰ׼˯
һ٣һۺû˵
ȥҰҴȥıʮֲÿ
ľĿʲô⣿
ȥȥ
ȥ
һֱﻹЩ̲ס׷ʣΪʲôҪȥôͻȻıˣǲ
óü
Ķʱ˵ˣ쵽ҰʱСĵĿڣҽȥĻ㲻ȥΰɣ
ᡣޱ顣
һƿŽȥˡ
ľһڴϵҰۿһ죬ĴӴͨһڵϣ£ְһ
ò׻ͱʲôˡ̾־Ҫȥȴһ
ĿȻȴǹԹ԰ҰĻǲɵó˳顣
ҰˣĲſڣ֮ǰûָ䣬Ҳû㣬ôⱲӵֲԬˣ
ұԬɣǰҾĸգҰĬһ˲£ѾΪҰô꣬ɷָٰĻȥ
ȻԼ֣ϲͺáĸϽ
Ұ΢΢һվɵٴ岻̫ۣϢɡ
ʵʵþУõҡʧЦ
Ұ˵ͷ˳ӵˡ
Ƭ̣ļ¶Щƣ⣬æҸûȥϢˣҲ˯ɡ
Ұ̸վ
İڰ֣ãԼȥС
ҽԺĵذȻ㻬ҲһΣգҺͬʱסűȽϰȫҰü
ʧЦѾָˣֻѣ㲻֪ٱͱˡ
ôһڻźӣ֮ǰˣ϶Ҫϸչ˲СҰһǡ

ģ
Ұѣ֪ʶԼʲôѣæʹɫûµģϢɣߡ
ҰյɫΪ뱻չ˵̫ɫ£һ²ɴ⣬ο岻У㻳һѾˣһСĲС
ģ
лҪ˵


 31 

ʱ, ڶ𣺡岻У
Ұһ£һĿҽѧô, һκá
һԭԻʮų, Ȼһ̫ݣϱѾĺ, ųҲͱø
˵ͻȻ뵽漰˵ģԼô˵Щˡ
Ұԥһ£ǸⶼԼµģ޹, ʵ˶, Ҳǡ
㡣Ŀһ, ޿ȥ
ȴûиȥǶҰ, ֱԷоëʱŲĿڣô˵ģ
ʲôû˵Ұǿ
۾׼ƹ
Ļص, һ¾ʰ·һһװС, Ȼһûװžͷһ̧ͷʱѾվǰ
ĬĬˣ侲һ¡
Һ侲˵Ż, ǰߡ
ڨڨһЦҵʱҲûа취ûָ䣬ֻܴ취ô˵ĻҲҡ
һ˵һˣܿ˵ǽǣ޴ȥűƽˣһ֣ҽԺҪǸҶʲôҡ
û˵ֱ꣬Եǽϣʶ򣬱۾ҿ
㴦úܺá΢΢ɳơ
ͷһã۾ǡöĿ⡣
ʱӦúܺ°ɣʡ
򴽣ʵҲûСðɣе£ܾẦңӦúܿͻңԻ˼
Ŀãֽ˻֮ŵԺ¶ٷˡ
ܷſ𣿡ĸɰͰ͵
ĻشǱøˣòôϲүıˣ
ĶҪˣֽ£˭˭ϲԣ˭ϲˣȸɿ
ɡ۵һ˿Ц⡣òȣǸϲԼ֣ȡ֡
֪ԼڵڶΪȡ֣һһѪɣߺߵĲ˻һţƺһһҧĶϡ
һ˶ˣϥһЩ£ǻʱڻֹ»
𣿡͸Щв
ģˡ
ڲﱧһţһŰ棬ᾩϵЦѾסˡ˴ֵӣѾ͸ŰϵĲСȫ
ܼһͬվߣ춼ûӦɵһ䣺ڻȥ𣿡
ȥˣͻȻе£ȥ˾ɡᾩ˵ֽ꣬ŵߡ
ܼҵǵĸȥѾܾûˣպý²࣬ҽԺɡ
ҺúõģΪʲôҪ飿ᾩ
ܼҿһҪ˴̼ܲˡ
ʲô̼ˣᾩʲôûʲô̼ᾩͻȻС
ܼæǣûܴ̼һ㶼ûܴ̼ǡ𣿡
ᾩһûлش⡣һ·Ĭߵһ¥ᾩͻȻʣֶŮӵһ£Ӧİɣ
أܼĿѡˣ˵ʲôҲҪ
Ȼ˷׼ᾩȴ˵ˣֻǺð֮һĿڣˣȥһ°ɣܡ
ܼң
֪үүʲôܵģһĸ˵һʼе΢ĸоֻʣˡ
׼ãס۵ĳ嶯
Ųţһӡ
˵Щ߰ģϽ֡ĶûƢˡ
ǹһ㻡ȣǱŮˣҪһӡ
ģڵһһκڴֽ
̼ͻȻɫһ䣬һʹߴӺɫһ䣬̽ᱧϣﲻ
ͷеۡüͷ塣
򴽣Ѿøˣôͷۣ
⼸㲻׼ȥԬˣĬĬԼѱӸǺãһҲ֪ҪǵҪ
ãͶôҪ
Ȼˣ˵꣬ͺֲɫĲһ䣬ةࡢʺṫһ֮
ҰҲأ˵㣺أ
塣գգ۾
ûҪĴ𰸣۾ʱ˵һ顣
ͷ۰üͷ
ɨһۣʱˣˣһ£ҵʲôˡ
Ķʱ˵ˡ
һƬ⣬ƤԽԽûдһԴ򿪵ԣʱѹļ
ʱʱðû̵ԽԽףܿ˯ȥʶڰǰһ룬ͻȻãʵȱȻ࣬ɸŵƺҲôܡ
һ˯ϲѣ۾û˻ҽĶԻ
컹ͷʹˣǲҪ飿ʡ
̲ˣô˵ƭģʵϲûͷۣҽѵҪˣ
ʱҽڵСָһڻͷۣܸȱ˶йأҲһӰ죬ܵ˵ûʲô⡣
͵һҽû
Ҫ˶Ҫ죿ʡ
ҽǵģǲܼ˶ÿ΢һ£ȥһʿҪǱ졣
ҽ˵æһװѣ˶ʱһ˯Ĵкҽá
ҽ˵ͷһ󣬱ת뿪ˡ˸Ƿٵʣҽղ˵ʲôˣ
˵ÿ΢˶졣
ĵ˵ͷҵһ¾ȥɢɢɡ
㡣
ûоܾȻԵһ漰⣬ã񵱳һʱ˵Ұϵ˳ϲܻȥҲ׿һв죬԰˻ʺ
ôһ룬Լ˯ǰ뷨ˣ·󣬿ߵĻͻȻһġ
ôˣܼʱĿ⡣
Ŀһû¡
ûΪʲô죿˵ţָĶͷϣ˵ײʱͬʱĬ
̲סһû£еȡ
һٿ
ǳ˳飺ߡ߰ɡ˵ֱӵͷҴǰȥ
ŵıӰͻȻʲôǰȥѣ̫죬ͷΡ
Ŷһͷߡ
Ĭĸ˼ͻȻ䡣
˼ûɢϣĻʶĸߣһ·ʶԼ߽һͬһ˶ûСɻĿȴһס졣
һ£𾪵۾ȻǵСè㽫ѹˣҧһڣû
û뵽ѧƸգһ취ûУܿûϢǡֻͬˣֻʣһζ춯
֪˶ãӺͬ߳ˣ϶һϸСץۣĵĴճԹ
һǰһǰߣߺߵıӰֻһıú
ǰ棬ԽԽһ·ۻڵıʣǲŮˣ
һ٣Ϊʲôô˵
֮ǰҵʱģΪʲôôᣬǲĸŮ˽̵ģ˵仰ʱֻĵлɽ
һֱãԼͻ˭ֶֻԺԿ浱뵽ĸŮѱʱֲܿƵһŷԼж˫꣬µǻȴܡ
ôһ룬ǲЩˣ
ί۽Ƿ죬ֻǰδеĿ⣺Ҫͷۡ
ڸתƻ⣿۾ܳһθ˲ʧ롣˫˫ģǲ׼бŮˡ
һֱţΪʲôүŮ
۾
һֽڵĴ𰸣ѵû
˽̣Ůˡ
ü˭
顣
һ㶣ةࣿ
šΪ죬ȻʮֿǸˣòϣʱһЩ⣬ȷҪ׺ܶ࣬ٱ֪ԥ˵ǿЩ
֮ǰҲû뵽˳ԶвáʽֻҪܵõԼҪģô˳һ㣬ƺҲûʲô
ܡҲķˡةͷߵľһֱԼôܰ
ӡһǣġֻԭģôıڸһѧô벻Լ
ĻɵĿǲ̫š
󷽵ţȥӦȻشһ⣬Ϊʲôô
һ㶡
ղڳԴףŮ˶˵֣ģǲѾˣһ
ĵٴκЩҵˡûһ£Ҫһһһ£סˣҪװͷ۶һʱͻȻע⵽һϤӰ
æһүү
ͣ½Ų˳Ŀ⿴ȥᾩӵ˲䣬۵׵Ķ
żܣûע⵽ᾩıŤϽܹȥסĸ첲үүô
ҡҾ鲻̫ãɢɢû뵽ˡ
ЦЦҲɢģһɡ
㻹ǻȥϢɣʱһ˾ᾩŮһۣˡ
Ķһ£ǹ˾ʲô𣿡
ûУ˾ͦõģᾩ˵꣬ע⵽Ͻˣȥɣȥطߡ
˵תߣֽȴͷûлءһߣüǲǳʲôˣ
Űɡ˼
һǣϸ˵Ҫİɡ
ӦҲ̫˵Ӧòʲô£ġ
İµ˵ͷҲˡ
ᾩ߳ôһξ󣬲ԱһĹܼңǵˣèץģ
ܼǳ˳飬˵ǣͶᾩв񣬳Ĭһ˲˵ͷǵġ
ƽʱЩСôᱻץˣᾩૣʹܼң
ܼʶû˵ᾩĬãͻȻʣĵ졭ǳԶ˰ɣ
ӦǵġܼѾĴλˡ
ᾩɰͰ͵Ц⺢ǵģû³ôʲôڵӦö嵭ģһҪ
ܼһͬ顣
ᾩըˣʲô׼˵û裡
ܼңʲôû˵
лҪ˵үүҲ
ܼң


 32 

һʱ, ܳԺˣᾩֱӽ˰Ķ˼, ˵ʲôҲһסˡ֪ж£Ҳûоܾ, ڶºٴλصҡ
λȥ, ̬Ժ֮ǰͬˣϸ˼һ£Ϊ˵ԵʰɡҲ֪鵽׽ʲôԸ࣬ĵط, Ҳܿͽҹˡ
ةൽ׸ʲôҩ, 仯֮󣿡ü
˹ǣϲ𣿡
, ôʻˡ©һģʶ⡣
ҷƽҹҩ, Ҫҩڴ֮ǰȸһЩͷ
ڸЩıƶô𣿡һʱ
ͻȻ, յǰʶҪ, ȴסֱǰһ
㡢ʲôĽ
ĿƬֱ̣һķſҲ֮, ѷݳҿвһȴǲˣֻĸԸҲܳõס㡣
һֱĸԸأ̽
ĬƬ̣һȡ
ֻǵȣľȣһֱȲأ
۾ƺҪ֮꣬һ˿Ц⣺㲻ҵ̫á
ôƶһ
û˵ˡ
ҲŰ˳Ĭú򴽣ЩΪѵĿڣĲ̫ȷֻҪֻҪһ뵽ݳǼ꣬ͻоֻţҪȥϲˣֲԸ⣬Ҳ֪ô졣
⻹һ̹Լ뷨е൱˽ֻ˵ʮѿ
ȴÿɰˣ̲סӡһǣѵ£˵ˣһȡ
ʱֺһ㣬ҪôԵ˵Եȵʱһ㡣ѵ
ʯ۾Ц⣬ףã֪ˡ
һۣҪ˵ͻȻһԣʶԶ˵㣬ŤͷԴүүʲôʱģ
תתתˣᾩŬ£ʲôأ
𡭡ĸɰͰ͵Цģүүȥɢɡ˵꣬͸ϽԻʹʹɫֱӸᾩˡ
ǰһͻƲϵʱҲûӣͻȻ˵뷨үүʱͻȻ˵ĸо·үү˲ܹһ
һֱ߳Զĵҵģһ۵үүЩȷʣүүղſҺʲô𣿡
ʲôûʲôᾩ۵һ˿ɡûʱͼվ죬Ҳ֪ʲôûж룬ڱŮһʣͻȻ̲סˡ
ļʱֹ뷨ǳ죬ᣬ˵һ
㣬ᾩЦǺǵĸ䣬ȴ˵ԽԽţ̲סģ벻ѧ
һ㶣ôͻȻᵽѧˣ
͡үүһͻȻᵽˣүүҲYѧУȫյļ壬ϲѺ͵ǱѧУϵͳǳãᾩһʼ˵ʱ򣬻ЩãԽ˵ԽĶԣ²֪ҪȫٱȥǱѧĻҾͲõİȫˡ
ľ˵꣬ŵҲ̫ȥ
Ϊʲô֪ԭᾩ̲ס׷ʣ㲻õز죬ԣ´ѧȥǱ죬ܶѣġ
үүҲ뿪ĴĻ
ᾩ˵ı죬һۺ˵ˡǰһʮָжڣô˵һӦںŪԼ
ԼŮ˹鲻ˣҲѿᾩĬƬ̺󣬳̾ĲԸȥ
Ը⡣һĻشúԥѡˡлĶȥ
ᾩ˾Ըȥˣ˵Ťͷˡ
Ŀ˵ıӰͻȻӿһΡ
ᾩߺߵĻصסܼҺֱӰ˽н鷿Ѹղŵ˵һ飺ҾͲˣΪʲôô󣬾ͷǵøһ𣿡
о仰֪
ᾩһ£üǻĻ
ܼ˼һ룬ĵ˵ͷ
ᾩʱЩģǾͱ˵ˣұѾķˡ
ܼң
ݵĳĬᾩŭ㵽˵ʲô
ʵүСС㣬ֶֻΪ׺ϵȽϺãŰһ˾ͰΪƺҲ̫ƽܼſڣҵãһҲͦõġ
ᾩ۾֮ǰô˵ġ
֮ǰ˼̫ˣҲ⼸ͨģܼǰһ밡ССҪ˵ģ޸һȫϤˣҸƷԸ񶼹صˣҲ÷Ĳǡ
ȻʵǣգҪԼֿͶˡ
Ȼó׶ۣҲû취˵ƷԸ񶼺ðɣᾩһ˲ʱԸһҲãºҲãᾩܴ˾ˣɵѻŮʱӣһϸˡ
ܼҳĬһ˲үӣһ˭ãǾ˭ãһӶĵ֣Ȧмܱ֤һ㣿
ᾩʱ˵ˡ
ܼǰһãҵĵλССɷ򲻸Щ£ܱ֤֮Ҳ𣿡
ҷ컰رࡣᾩ
ܼЦһҪǲţǼ⡣
ҾţǼˣᾩһӣòһŮ߶꣬ɺãûŮƭߣԼҺӰŮƭˣ
ܼԥһ£ȻԼҵģƭҲƭԼңҪһˣͿԺһһˣ
ᾩһ㶣Ȼ⼸Ϳˣû뵽һ㡣ܼ΢΢һЦȰŭҾʲ
ܼң
˳ĬƬ̣ܼ̾ǵ侲ЩȰɡᾩ˿˳ʲô˳ۣһ޿κεӸӷ꣬ɴ˺ģһҪɢǣͰߣҲҲãһҪߣҷǰǷֿ
û˵꣬ű£һٶͬʱ˹ȥ
󣬱ƿ̽ͷ̽Ե߽үү
𣿡ᾩ
ĹԹһЦʳ˳ϲԵģǰʱҹ˾ˣԺ򲻵ˣ
ᾩһ㶣ˣʲô
үүˣ޹Ŀһˣȫòã
ᾩĴ۾һʱĶˣæӭȥүүûⶫļҹ˾ģҽйܼȥ䷽
үүˣգһ۾
ᾩô
ǡҲȥô죿ʾ
ᾩʾǾͲȥ
ܼңԭأ
лҪ˵ֻ˯ĸСʱ۵ٸһ㣬ǸǸСѶк


 33 

𣿡һС
ᾩʾ, ϶ģǹֲûкѧУ, αҪȥܽȥ, ˵ʲôȥˡ
, ҾͿһֱүүˡĵ۾Цġ
ᾩε̾ˣүүʱˣϽȥϢɡ
áĵͷӦ꣬תߡ
ᾩæסʳߡ
, ˵õĸүүġ˵, Сˡ
ᾩıӰʧ, ǱԹҫСʳ㿴ô˻Сһ, ܹʣôһԵˣҪңûôТ˳ġ
ԡôТ˳ķ, Ҫһ𣿡ܼ̽
ᾩʱܼҼ״ҲȰ, ֻǵᾩ˯ʱĬĬ˵һ¡
ᾩ͹ܼĹ󣬱㿪ʼжˣ, ͻȻʼæʱѧУû취ȥڹ˾Ĵ¶˯ú磬˾һܶ档
Ȼ棬ɻȴûϹľʱ򣬿ͷ߷һЩСԻ˽⣬ЩɲͽģȻҹʱ͵͵µġ
Ҳ̫ˡıȴõġ
֪ǲǴܾøټˡһϢҲ֪ǲ̫æһֱûϢ
Ҳûж룬һѧѧԷ˯
賿ʱ˯죬ͻȻоϷƺһһ£ĸоʧһ˲ֱ䱾ĿʼˣʹԸ
˯ʵۣӦڰ֮󿴵һӰ˾ͻȻӦ
ţˣڶ
һ˲˵ƺʲôʱģ
ڴߣƹ⽫յ͡
Ŀһʱ䣬ü賿һ࡭ʲô
Щûҹ̫Ҳʹˡ۾΢УѹȸͻȻϮ
ãգգ۾Щ˵ʲô
Ҫ𣿡˵ţ˻ֻ˵ҳʣңôģ
ĶʱЦˣҲǸ˼
ʲô˼һ̣̽
Ľһ˲ºûĻСҾǾãÿյñţе㿪ġ
ãһͣôˣ
Ȼס򢣺ģԽԽˡ
ҲǸ˼ĸɰͰ͵Ц㲻ҪваҶʲô⣬㻹𣿡
ʲô⣿ü
û뵽ʳһºڨЦ͡һƬТ˳
Լϻ˰شֱֽŷȣڴϣͣ
ҹȴڵģ񰵳ĶƽƬ̺󣬲СĴȻҲ޷ѡ
ĬĬӣ֪˶ãͻȻ۾ȻľһɳƵ𣺡ôңһѳֲס
ģ
ŵøϽս۾ӴˣҲ֪˶ãͻȻЦһĵûס۾һС졣
Ŀεǰδ鶯㡣
ģǰųʲôˣĻ鶯
ĴӦңԺҲòã
ǵÿôˣʵʵ˵вķʽദ˵ϲˡ
ĿЩԺġ
ǾͿְɣ˵ͣһ£ȷʵû֮⣬Լܸʲô˹ҲûȥϲˣôһҪһӾˣ㻹Ǻǰһҡ
˵ݻģȴ˵ˣһ󲹳һ䣺ҾҲʹ졣
вЦˣ°˱ãҶģҲҪӦңԺֻܿһ
Ҫɣһ˲
𴽽ǣԡ
Ĵ¶һԴĵĿ
̫ܡԸĲ䡣
ЦЦİɣзִġ
ֱ˻ٴ⣬˯ʱʣ˾ʲôôôæ
һ£ûʲôһЩĿϵ¡
˾ǵԼѳŲУýģҲҪˣҪԼǿԽԽ͡
ĬãͻȻʣ󲮲ͬǵ£ô죿
ţ
𣿡һʳ⣬֮ٳٵȲӦ鰵òҪͷҲŹģƣҲҪߡ
в꣬ʶԼСֱ¶˱ԣһµͷȥѾڻ˯죬̾
Լʲôʱ˯ŵĶ֪ʱѾˣλЩ壬Ȼ˯Աߵλϣоº㶡
Ǹ߰ɣһѾɫһʱЩ
ϴ֮ȥ˲үүѾˣֻû
үү̽Ŀ⣬ѵһ˲һλϣкүүϺá
ϺáᾩֹСĵʣİסˣ֪𣿡
ָһ٣޹Ŀ֪һֱסС¥ôͻȻܻˣ
ûᾩ׷ʡ
ҡҡͷûʮ˯ˣһֱղŲѣʲôʱİ
ᾩƬ̣ȷʵ֪ģڨڨЦЦʱˣΪȥ죬ûа
վүүĽǶȣΪʲô죿㶺ͻȻʶʲô
һʼĪҪѧæüӰٿүүǰͻȻʲô
סе𾪣ĳĬĳ˻ȵүүС̽үүΪʲôôæ
˾¶ֲ࣬ãæҲġᾩĻش˵־ʲô
۾һû£Ҿȱ̫࣬еϽȣΡ
Ǽ벻ҽ̣ôæԺᾩæ
˵ղֻֻɣֱʮˣүүһϣͻܹϵһ㣬ÿζŬĻᣬ⻹һξܾһ顣
û뵽үүôһºٶȳ극ȥѧУĳ̸ţ֪֪үүѾ֪˵¡
أ֪
һ˲ôûң
˵ˡ
üʲôʱ
˯ŵʱ
ģ
ûڸǰһ١һָֻžžİô֮ǰԵʱ˵أҸ
ȻֱӲظˣЦһȼٸˣүүǱߡԽԽģ˵ɣһһΡ
߻ֻۣɫƽĿŶ飬˳ĬúеĲ豭˵һ飬ģ
Ѿ˵úˣһʱ䣬СѣȥϿˡ
΢΢ҵ͹ԱµִԸιһʹ࣬ҲϷ䣬ԱµִţΪԼκζ
ةòҪڱκСΪôҶ֣ʹ˷վӸµĿҵҲҪˣſ뿪ҡ
üвң
ǡ󷽳ϡ
ĬƬ̣һǾ㲻ʺϱ£ϱ̫࣬ⱲӸñ˳ŻţǱ˿ơ
ϳ֮⣬˭ܳʡ
粽ãҺ֪ԥԡ
Ƕ֪֮顢֮飬ҪЩҲҪģȷеĶܸʡ
鲻˵ˡ
ϰɣ֮⣬û˸ʺ˵ֱ꣬תˡ
ϣһΣصݳةΪԾ֮ʦڴڣҪǸһԼķ˼£ҳһ취
ʹܱȿֿ̹ģ뱣м䣬뾭ʹ࣬ʹʹڹʧȥģѾϵʹ࣬Ǳֻʣϵʹˡ
ǰ죬ɲ̷ÿһͷ飬ƤⷭѪܵģ۵λȥˣŲȥֻΪʦԽʹĸԽ
ǶμʵڲãǳΣҲѲ־һʹСʶܿƵԽԽʱһֻСָͷϣ߽֡
͵ؾѣǰĺʧãһѽ˱һ·㷢һ˺ѵ춯
ľһæס죬ŵĿǲպͿˣһ㣡˵ģһͿһͷһԴȻˡ
ֻǸʲôչѵջǴʲôҩ
ĸһ˲ͱס졣
лҪ˵ῪģӦ䶼ڻˣȹ֮ǱҰɣʵڱﲻһˣһ¶ûдٸһʱ䣬ܱˣһ£̿


 34 

Ļֻɻ, Ҫɲסĸо, ƴҪƿ㿪ģ侲һ£
۽ǳ, ·˼Ĵ̼һ㣬ҧ͵һ̧ϥ, ֻʹһͻȻϵȥֱӰԼһšĻæӴϹˤҲһͣ, һֱܵſڲŹ˵ϼԼ
ûˤʲô, ֻϵ·Ͱ͵, ҪˣյĿ, ȴڴһһԼղµĺ֣һ˲
ʹ˳Ĭ, Ƭ֮̽û°ɣ
˵
ֽһ
ǲ˵
̲ס, СĵŲȥľһˣļˣϽܵ, û¡
û˵꣬ͻȻקס֣һֱӶ˴ϣסˡĶʱըˣƭң
ûƭ㣬ۡü
ĿѪ˿۾ղԼ˶¿ˮ϶ûۣȻôסң
ֻۡһ֣ļϲ˵ˡ
ı˻ͻȻЩˣô𣿡
š
ҸģЩûڣȻûάʮ룬ˣԣ˭ҵģá
һûз
ü˰ɣҪҪȥҽԺһ£
ҪȥҽԺ£ʡ
Ĳͬĺ󱳣Ҫ伲ҽڻᣬʲôƣҪһֱţһʲôëԺ϶鷳ġ
ëǹ˭ļϣƵġ
ʧЦȻǹԼ
ġ¶в
ΣúãңҵĴô
Ҽһ¡
ţ
һ£̧ͷֱֱĿ۾ܲá
ޱ飺㵱ɵأ
һļǳ˳飬һûƶֻ§ţʱ˿ʼⲻסˣһЭ˵ɣô飿
˶٣ĬĬס֣һ·¡
ʮӺ֤ûյȥԡϴ֣ϴʱѾ˼ѣıɳϣ鲻ҹôͻȻˣ
˵ģ۾үү֪˵£ҲԼ֣ʲôʱ򣿡
Ĭһ˲һûҪ֪
ĶĿƬ̣ͻȻʲô㲻ңһΪүүԾͲһˡ
ƽĺӣ㻹ûʽӦһ𡣡
ǡ£ᣬҶղˣҵ㻹ף
ģҾúܲʵ̹׵
üʲô˼
ڵ㣬˵ܲʵϰҵķʽõ˸ңõȵķõԼҪģҿԵȣָо̫һֱû취̤ʵȡ
סˡ
ҲȷʲôʱܵȵҲȷ᲻;ϾУةҪʺҪ̫Ҫģֶһ󲮣ÿ˶ǰ桭
ġĴϡ
ƣ㻹һ𣿡
Ĳ˵ˡ
ԳһЦǲһûңܹû㣬͸˲ࡣ
Ҫȴƫƫ֪ηֻܶĿֹջǻˣﱧסˣô֮һ취ȰûȰ֮ͬǰҾͺˡ
Լڼ͵λϣһһܣĬκ֮ǰ˵ģһûʽӦһɣڻŮѡ
彥ӲҲȻöıαװԼôһ
ĿúЦۣǲٶǵǽʽȷһ¹ϵɣҲʡ취ԸүүʱǺŻ𡣡
һ㶣ʲô˼
ʲô˼ĹղŶô۸ˣѵ㸺𣿡
ĿãͻȻȥĺЦǣһĶʱġ
뿪ʱѾһСʱˣȻʲôûȴһֱһôҲһû뵽ԼҲкͻôһ죬о
ͬܺõǻߺ˯һ䰲ȵľһҲûεЩ߰¡
һҹߣڶһ磬ȻûмĻᣬΪᾩֱûˡߣҲû⽫һЩ½Ҳʼæ˴¶ֻֻϵȻסһȴĸо
үүҲ磬ҲûбԹϾӦһнᾩӶ㹻˳Щһ˳ֿʼˣϾļϵ⣬ΪֹǼ棬͸ɺܶ๤ʵڲġ
Ȼ˼봫ͳǾһе㲻񻰣ȻۣǼˡ
ҲƽȻôʮȻû˼ʱʱ̽˵Ҫͻףϲʲôˡ
ǰؼסˣҹ͵͵ȥЩȥ»ĻԼҺһҹһǰ취İ취
ڶһ磬ĵȻֻүүһˣһ£أ
Ѿˣ˾м£ȹȥˡᾩһ˵һСĴı飬Եʧ΢΢ЩȡԴæһֱֵú⻹һμ¶ı顣
ᾩǲǸˣһʵĻɻᱩ¶Լ֪£̺û˵ֻǺʣģ㲻ôɫ̫ã
û¡ĿЦһҡҡͷ
ᾩ״ļˣ֮̽ҿĺܲãǲǷʲôˣҪ£͸үү˵үү϶취ףˣǵϴ峳ܣҲ飬ָ˰ɣ
ǿаյԼʵĻϣĶﲻסЦˣһͷûе£үүˡ
ӣôܲģᾩѿڶʶԼӦ󣬿һ䣬үүΨһŮҵȻҪʱʱ̿չ㡣
Ŀ̲סЦˣͷ˿β̧ͷʵҲûʲôֻһȥѧ徭ڣͦʧġ
Զཻ÷ǵøһģһˣСһ档ᾩΪ鲻ãһ˲ϽûȰ˵
򴽣ţ֪ˡ
ᾩԥĿһֹۣ׵£үүиѣԼŮףô
㶣һãȻĿ
ᾩһŮ⸱Ӿ۵òУȻȴ¸ɢˣǸСﳤƯֺãԸҲʮľϲģԺ޹Ҳá
үүͻȻһȦЩʪˣæЦһǿٴοˣϲĻͽܸɣӦûͬġ
Ů
ĵ۾¶Щʹ࣬ȴһֱЦţҺòʵҪæöԸϵˣӦҲе㷳ҵģպܸرõĶһӦøԶˣԲÿҡ
ġ
վǿջЦûµĻҾȥѧˣ˵һ£ܼңܼҲȥһѧرġ
ȥ㡣ᾩæվ
ҡҡͷүү㹤ôæùܼҲҰɡ˵겻ᾩ˵Ļᣬֱתˡ
ܼͬĿᾩһۣæ˳ȥ˼ôȰȰʱɵ²׼߻֪𣿡
ܼһ㶣ٿӣĻڲʱģ
ĳգһ۾ǲκµģĻһһʱתңʱֺõĻ㣬ʱұܣܼҲ
㶼ѻ˵ˣһ˵ʲôܼһ¡
ЦЦԼ͵ſʱȥˣ˵ãе㷴޳Բȥģ鷳
ܼһΣҪүүŸɰ
Ҳǣֻǰ߳ţǼѡɡ
ܼ̾صĵĶᾩ˵ˣᾩһǣ˼֮Ҫˣ
ɿСС㲢ġͷ͵ܼҾһѣûʲôүССΪȶĹϵˣΪܼҲµˣֱǸ
ᾩƬ̣ҧҧܾÿȥҲ죬ٹͺˡ
ܼЦ
ȻûаᾩչĲ鲻ãԷˣȻԷˣᾩ׻ˣÿ˱ŷĸȻԸһھͷ˿ӣ˵ʲôٶʱۿ˲١
ȷôССԲһ㣿ܼȻҪˣᾩĻǳһĻ̬ȡ
ᾩҲ룺ˣүү
ܼҶʱ˵ˡ
ԻʮֺգʱΪӪΪ㲵̣ÿ춼ҰԼԣԵΪƭүүû뵽˺һһ㶵ġ
ȻôЧҲͲˣִļƻ
󣬻ӵᾩܻĵ绰ϵҰã㣡

лҪ˵ԣɶ
ǰĺǸҷˣѾˣҿһ


 35 

˵绰üͷ, ֻá
ҹʮһʱԺҪ˯, ֻ˲ĺһڴϰºҵ𣺡ι
˵Էˣֻﴫ
Ķһ, ۾ʣϵˣ
š
˵ʲôˣ͵ȵʡ
, һЩĵˣҲˣҪҺúú㣬绰ҡ
۵һЦˣôشģ
Ҳֻ֪ȴӦ, ˵绰ͺϵ, ˵, Ҳˣ, ҵı£㵽ʲô
鲻ıͷһ£үүֶ֪, ΪܸԤġ
Լʱ˵꣬ЦеĲһ䣺Һ, ҲûЧʧⶣܼң㣬ڿ, ·ǿеġ
ôҾȻ֪ԭΪ΢ô¡
ȻֻͳǲܿƵĺ˺ô۸㣬Ҳһֱ·ɡ
ԣҸˣʡ
𴽽ǣүүʱ򣬻ûͱƴֽ˵ûȫЭûϵֻҪֵͻˣ϶ͬ⡣
˵ŻǱ춯һº棺ҹģʲô
һȽҪ¡
ʲô£ĸˡ
㡣
һ㶣ͻȻʶǴֻﴫģãȻĿſڣֻѾƿˣһԭسˣش
ѾҪ붬ˣҹﺮˣԶԶģĶܸоϵ⣬Ȼıůģ̫һ㣬Ӷյů
ɵʲôһӵͳ
۾һЦųܹȥ쵽ǰʱͻȻ۴ЦĽ˱ԭתһȦýŽϣȥ˴ϡ
ôˣɵ˴ϣŵʡ
Щ˼ˣҲûУôû㣬ͻȻ֣ое㾪ϲ
ǿҽȷľ鲻һְֻ档
ĿһôͻȻˣ
󲮸Ҵ绰Ҳ̫ģԻʵش
ΣֱӴ绰Ҳͺˡ
ЩҲ鲻ã绰᲻˵ʵԻǾ˵ţԼЦˣҲǹңʵҴһ¹ܼҵģʱˣ㽻ܣҲһи׼
㻹ͦԼ´αô嶯֪𣿡ĺһۣϱԹţ۽ȴǴЦĵطɻһСʱɣ㹤ôæôԼ
ЦʵҪǸʱûзɻģӿշת˼СʱŵҡȻ²ʲôҲûҪ˵ûҪôҲǿԵģԿôϻķϣܲң
һ㶣ôۡ
ס򢣬ʹԼӡֻԽԽʲôСһ죬յΪǵ𣿡
ȻǡȻϡ
һڵıַǡ
ģϰ˵͵õֹ˾ƽ
Ķ˶٣ͻȻôᶨˡ
Ҳǰһʱȥһ£Ҫ𴲣˯ĸСʱˣһжΪ˵㲻Էˡ
Ѿҡ˰ٷ֮ʮֻһ
ˣܼѾܿˣұ˯ɡͻȻˡ
ģ
װû㶣ֽ̧ƹ˺󣬱ˣ˳㻹ԱߵλãҲ˯ɣҾѾˡ
ﲻûǷ˼ˣЩСƵɵԱߡһ£һ̾ûа취һ
ģĪθô£
ĵţĵϹˣһӺ󣬲Աߵĳ˶˶ԼŲĴǽ
Ĵ˿Ѿֺˣ֪ԼôղžͲܾˣڻǶˡ
ȻȻöˣȴûз˼ŲСĬĬ˻ıӣһоͻȻ
ղŵǵ㺦ߣΪķӦѾˣסЦٵʣǲҪôô˷ܡ
ġɳƣֽ˳̽
øˣĸоĺȣͷʱҪ˶ơһĻƵôϲ𣿡
ֻϲ㡣ش⡣
ıĻشȡˣǹһĻȡȻ֪عǷˣҲԼ֮ǰһֱͨѾͷûУֻϲϲ¶ѡ
ôһ룬Ҳȷʵö
ԽԽ棬һֻҪڻһ㣬ҪҲа顣
ġҡԸ
Ķһ£̧ͷĴǡҪȻѵˮһѹ棬ȥ
ᡢ࣬ȴִȵϢҲʼˣһֻеֽ§ĲӣһĻ٣Ĳժ
֪˶ã͵һƬ̺ȵĺԼĿҲ
ƽĺߴ٣ʱˣϽϢɣ컹Ҫ𡣡
ңҲˡ͸Ц⡣
㶣ʲô˼͸оԼ˯ȹˡۡԼѾױһ㣬޿̱ڴϣǻɾְµ˯¡
˿Ѿ賿12࣬ı±ô˱ôô
ôˣ֪ʡ
ģ㡢㡭
˰죬Ҳû˵ʲôͻ֮ǰȻйܹ֮񣬿ʱܸԴȻûб̫βͬˣ屶û˺֮ǣɾ۸ˣȻûһȴҲǸĶˡ
뵽ЩùĻ棬˺죬ִˡ˰죬ûĲȴȵƽȵĺһʱЦãֻܽ˱øϧʣµļСʱ
лĸһ˯ֳȻŵȵʱȥȻջһʱѾߵˣȻټ
̾Ϣһ·ȥᾩִ̧күүϺá
ᾩҪӦ̧ͷʱһʧΪʲôȦôأ
Ķһ£ٵûа˻ױˡ
֮ǰٻױҲûôĺȦ㵽׸ʲôˣᾩ˵㶣ͻȻϳϣòǡ
뵽ĳֿܣɫʱˡ
Ŀһװһ㵣ˣ
ᾩһ㶣㲻֪
ļӰݼ㶰κЦһû߹ңôܻ֪үүǳԷɡ
Ϊ췢ʲôᾩʱݺһȻŮɬӣ̲סˣȦô£
Ҳ֪ܾú˯šġ㱡Ŀһۣҡҡͷվ
ᾩæʣʲôȥ
ȥѧУĹԹԻش
ᾩ㻹ûԷأǳ̿СţϲΣˣϲǸʳӣѾйܼչˣڸѾ˵ǰĲƷš
үүҲĿЦһת뿪ˡ
һߣᾩȻʧŹȣ૵ܼңǲǶ⺢̫ˣ
ðɡӶ̫˲Ŷԡ
ᾩҡҡͷοң֪Լж֣ǶǺܺõĺӣụϲҲ˵Ҳֹģ¡
˵һ룬ͻȻͣ
һ飬ʱͥϵúѿܼҽĹ˵˳
ᾩ̾Ƕǳ嶯Ը񣬼Ȼһ𣬿϶ǳųþȥġɸⶫܹ⿿ԸƷжϵģڻ̫Сδ޿ܣһԺ˸ϲʵĶܱ֤Ȼڻ
ܼҲ˵ˣô˵ʶԼ֮ǰüˣѾվүССǱߣͲٷڣֻ˼·ôߡ
ˣȲЩҪóȻİһ£Ժ˵ɡᾩ̾
ܼҵ˵ͷҲã²裬ǰһദ˵巳Էˣؿֶ֮һֱ巳ҾûǿԸһλģ˶䰡
ܼѾ֪Լվ˭ˣǽͷõӦֱ֣ʺϵĿ
ĵѧУſںĿ˾ȥתȥѧУԱߵСᳵ·ҵһ˼ңźĵš
Ŵ򿪣¶ҰڶԽͷһ㣬һۺһԲͬʱȥҰݺ˳ְŹˡ
ĳԺҰҵķӣĿǰҲǼۻܻء
ʲô²
ҰЦĿһۣӳ˳źŹ͸۾һϾͳô𣿡
Ǻܲǲ壬ҰͶƲˣСʱ¿쳢Ұ˵Żˡ
ȥţ֪ԥſڰ죬кϺá
һ첻𣿡ߴߴͷۡ
֪ԥţͬʱ״ҳΪһ̣ͻʺԣϷµǲ
ޣҿʦϷµ˺ɣŸŽţͬʱȥ
֪ԥһǱҲѧôһͷ
㣡
ˣĴǣòҳԷˣ
˶һۣһԾǰҰжڵϺ˵һ䣺ˡ
ǾͳԷɡ˵꣬˿ӣ˵ſʼԷ
֪ԥһ߿ŹǣһҰ˵ָò
ţллҽԺ֮һֱָܺãûʲô֢Ұм
֪ԥڰ֣С£ҲǸ缸Բס㣬ûָ㣬ô࣬ҲǵùǼļͥôһôƶļ
ܸ赱ӣҲͦ˵ģҰЦЦǻԭңĺܸлˡܱ£²Σ£һֱĽᡣ
Ҫǰ£æתƻ⣺㹦θϰôˣ
еѡҰһʹΣɫ̿Сͳɼãǰѧѧˣû뵽»ҽʦҪ¿ѧر£ƫƫôҲѧᡣ
Ҳ֪ģԲɵ̾ݳʱҿ϶㣬ᣬʲôҪѧģһѧǵ˵㡣
ѧôҰżÿͿҰȥѧġ֪ԥĵ
ĺһۣȥѧģҲѧ˽ɣ
⵹Ҳǣ֪ԥһ£һͬĿҰŬŶѧУҲûϵҼҹ˾ϰ࣬ҸԺĹ
ǾллˡҰЦá
˵˵ЦЦĳԷȿʱҰ˳Ź֪ԥһǲе̫ƫˣ
ҲǻġҰʼ硣
֪ԥҲһЦȥˣ£ȥϿΰɡ
áӦһ˱һͬѧУߣǰûΣûһ
ģ¥ֻ֮һ󺮷ڸպȹŹθڵģҲ̫䡣
ô죬Ҫ¹ҿƣǲȥˡ֪ԥ
ʧЦ㶼ѧæԼȥ棬ҿһļûѧʱ򡣡
Ǳ¶ҡ֪ԥٺһЦŻһת£ദû𣿡
һ٣ôͻȻˣͻ˵£ĳֿûиЩС顣
֪ԥɨһΧѹ˵һֱæϵ£ܶ˶˵ҪӰףɵýһүҪ̳ˣŮԺöΡ
գһ۾Ҹô죿
ô죬ȻҪȨ֪ԥ˵ţЩżΨһĺӣҲȻģһŪô£ȻҲܹĶݣһһ룬ûҲһҵͲһˡ
ôҿԼͲУ۾˵оֻһ£ʱûȥǶ֪ԥʡ
֪ԥڨڨһЦ˺˲һʺϿʺسɣûʲôϸʺسɵ˲ǣ
ˣзִģͲòˡЦЦͷȥֻǻϢ㿪ǡ
֪ԥĵúܿģ
һ£¿һȦע⵽һڳ
£ɵõ£һȡһüҲߡ֪ԥڰȰȡ
ĿһͻȻˣҪȥһˣ߰ɡ
㡣
òãϽȥɣٵҪѧֵġ˵ţҴҵĸߡ
֪ԥ൱ûɫûµģҿԵȣѧֶѣ޼졭
Ͻߣŭ
֪ԥһŹֵĿһۺžֱСſߡĿıӰʧһСŵڳǰüʻĲ
ȥ¶İң
ûУֻֻװ˶λֱҹġƵ
ģôñȸٸӣ
ЦЦ˭֮ǰܹʱȷλãһᵣġ
һôԼ߱ԽԽˣȻװλ¶ˡ
ӳϳź棬§Ϊ֪Ϊãǹг̣ҸղȥѧУ㣬ûҵŴ򿪿λãƽʱûп
⻹࣬бһۣ㲻ô
Ѿˣǵе᲻ˣԻصѧУ㣬һֱûȵˡԻؼҵģǲ뱻󲮷һţ͸ɴѧУˡ
Ҳ֪뷨סĲ۵ˡ
࣬ղŽӵ˴󲮵ĵ绰ε½ˣȻû´ĻԺкܳһʱ䣬ôæˡסıӡ
Цˣģ
ģΪףĿĴϣԸһ𣿡
ЦЦżΪ𽥼ǡʮͶʱͻȻһ춯˵ϣüֿͬʱ˹ȥ
ֻ֪ԥһ𾪵Ŀǡ
ģãʺ׽ˡ
лҪ˵֪ԥʱΪ֪̫Щ
ҽ쿪ɰԤգҪҪȥղһ£˷У


 36 

֪ԥϵı鶼Ҫ, ܵ˼ĳͻԭᶯˡ
ڨڨſôˣ
ҡȥ, ǾòһѧһΣô졭֪ԥ˵һͣ, Ŀڶɨɨȥ
ĿһʾĿ˻һۡ۵¶Щ, ת˳ܿ쿪뿪ˡ
ĵȻˣ򶨵ߵ֪ԥǰġ
㲻˵вİɣ֪ԥɵĴҿۿˣղʱ, 㻹§Ĳ, ǰɲġ
ݳʱ, ʹܹô㣬մڹ, ǣûĴһ÷·ҪԵһ
ĺ, Ŀڣʲô񣬺Ҹʲô˷׵һ
˷𣿣֪ԥʹļ, Ȩ裬ڵʲôһ֮ӣ
ڱͲһ֮Һ̸, ʲô裿бһۡ
֪ԥ𾪵۾ôˣ
Ȼأֱ׳㿴ˣϣҲŰ
ʲôûղŶҵĴԶ㡣֪ԥס䣬˵
Ŀʱ䣬ҪٵˣϽߣˣô໰ɼͲãٲѧ֣ѵһϿΣ
ҼҷӶˣ˵ʲôϿβϿΣ֪ԥüͷ壬ܿĵӣ£òײŰĹܿأµѵһлָԭ𣿡
Ѿˣˡ򴽡
֪ԥͬɽ׸ıƣͨ˵Ӷ˵ľ͸ĵģοǸˣڵһУֻΪ˺㣬Ȱ嵽ˣͻԭα¶
Ҳ֪˵ľ͸ĵģһжֻΪ˺֪ԥô˵ʱЩˣ㲻ô֪ģ
֪ԥٲȻСŮģɵ̾£ػһвЩתӣοֻǸ飿
أĲˣôĲõķʡ
֪ԥסˣһʱ䲻֪ôش
Ц֮ǰ͸˵ˣڲݳҲǱ£Ҳˡ
ô㻹㣬֪ԥɲͬ
գһ۾ڵҲҪܻҲȨҪЮˣ𡣡
֪ԥһ㶡
㻹ڵǶģҿѡҲѡֻ֣ҪĶţҲһŻƱҲңȻʱܼˣ㲻ܷϵǣһʼңû˺ң𣿡Ŀ֪ԥ۾ʡ
֪ԥ￪ʼҡˡҲǣƫִҲûһ˺µ£в䣬ƽȵƺвҲˣǱ¸һҲûʲô
ǡ
Ͳ𣿡֪ԥ뵽ʱ̲ס˶Ի£Ǿ»ܶģƽʱԣɵȵ߷ŭʱ򣬾Եøֲˡ
øԼһڹģʵҲ顣
飬ĸ첲żҲ£Ѿöˣǡ
ʲô֪ԥ档
ЦЦǷ֣Ҳµʱ򡣡
ʲô֪ԥ졣
뿪¡¾ͲΪ˵ˣһʲôУ֪֮һ㣬ҺĹϵҲȨǸ𣿡
ִһˣ֪ԥ鸴ӡ
˵ͷ
֪ԥһãȻ˾Ҿ֧㡣
֪֧ҵģЦۣ뵽ʲôֶȱة˵ٹһʱɣҰѼ㶨ˣȥ˵ǡ
ΪүүѾæˣة֪ԼٲҪæϼæ
Ȱ֪ԥıȥϿˣһڸ¿εʱ򣬱յ˻Ķţĺõĸ죬û֪ԥ¡
ģ̸ˣʡ
һ˶˹ϵЦûסԿһ˵
ӣ̸ˣʵԷļҵĴүƽʱϵͬѧΧ
ıǾû취Цתƻ⣺⹦Ĺѧϰã϶ҪĩˣǸϰôˣ
Ȼԣµѧ˵ѧϰһɱͬ־ǸҾѶ࣬൱ḻƫƫѧϰصýͷÿҪԵʱ򶼹Ǻġ
ͬѧΪʲôҪôĵ£һ
üǣϾ͸úˣҲڹ
أ㸴ϰôˣ˺档
ϵЦ⽩һ˲أǱܵģһֱǰѧɼϲ˵ѧ޵Ҳͬѧ뼰߻мֵĻԿѧȡ
пҪеպ֮ǰģͿ϶ҪˣĩûôõʮСҪġ
ƺҲ뵽ѧϰɼһͬĿ̫ˣǺúѧϰɣ̸ʱȷŷš
ıģβĻĩֻҪÿƿʮϣͲˡİο
ģллŶʮҶָܿʮأ
ΪתĲᵽĿԣֻءǳ̾ļڿζЩĲɡ
ܿ쵽ѧϵͦõŮһԷ
ĸҪӦֻһͷۣЦҡҡͷɣҽ¡
ôá̸ˣŮɵĿ
ʼ磬ûлش⣬úֻͲӯȥѧУţſϤĳϳ̲סԹͣôԶʲôˣ
ڵҲǼˣͣԶ㣬Ҳʡ˽͡
Ķһ£
ΪʲôҪ
һ˵ôһֱû֪ԥ£ԭǿΪˣһ綼ȴҪ졣
Ƴһۣͷ·ϿȥĿӣ̲סЦɤӺ󿪿ڣ㣬֪ԥˣҲǱǿȵģΪĺϲĳˣԲźһģ˵Ѿġ
͵ͣ£һ𾪵Ŀ
ĿĿ˵ʲô
˵˵ѾˡĻЩãȻ
һࣺǰǾ䡣
ҲǡǱǿȵģϲû˵꣬ͿеЦ⣬׹ŭˣΪ仰ͻȻͣģ֪֪Ҫˣ
ġ˵Ž⿪ȫʻĴ֪ж࿪𣿡
ܲеϢأҾ˵ϲѣôģЦ۾˵˵ţҲûʲôƢˡ
ĴҾǿô죿
ˣȥԷҪˡİ
ЦЦȥҰǼҵꣿ
ȥҪԹģŻˣҪúöһ١һʵΪ⼸һֱڳҰķˣ뻻ζ
϶ǧ˳ҪԹģǷһת㳯AĲȥˡ
ĲʳȻʧڰ߳Աģջ㲻
쿼ˣ׼ôʡ
õȻֹһۣԷʱܲܲҪ̫ɨ˵Ļ
ЦЦ׼òô
һ˵أôһղѧУˣƻ
˱֭ϴп꼶һ
ģʲô
ˣ𴽽ǣȻʱûôϿΣҲ¿һ£ǰʮ
ģͻȻļȲˡ
ҪúŬοԲϰúࡣѡ
̾Ҳû취һˡ
Сᶨľܾ
ƤɨһۣôӶҵͷĻͰѼȶϡ
ûûô˵Ҳû̫ãҵͽ飬һ꣬ζŻҪһ꣬Ҳͬ⡣
㶣ͻȻˣ߳ŭĵһۣ˭Ҫ鰡ǲ̫Զˣ
ԶΪҵ֮Ĺض׼ãͬͬѨĴʼһõĻȡ
ĵˣ㻰̫ˣ˵
ûٶǳЦŽϵɳƵǰ߲ˡ
ĺһۣǹԹ԰ɳˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǿģպĹԵ£ʱ򣬰Ʒ˾ģ⣬аǽڿΡΪѧ٣ʱҲѧʱʦѾһ־ӣ¿ʱѾ඼ĳˡ
ģҳѵûЦ⡣
¿ˮڨڨĸߣһǰһߵ칫ɲ֪ԥҲڣ칫ʮ֡
Ϊ˹˼ӣеܿ˴˵ߣ֪ԥȴҲˡ
ôʦʧǱ鷳ˣѾĵˣżҲͬѧôУ֪ԥҲٱܻ䡣
ЦһҪʧͺˣҾȫʦݺˡ
һоеذǴԼľӣ60ֺϲⲻǼ𣿡
ŶΪչ20֡ޱ顣
ģ˶٣
£ֻٸ־ˣ20֣ȵڶʮ֣㵽ôģ޿ˣϿεʱ򵽵׶ʲôѵһ㶼ûΣ
ˣûţ̲סЩɪ
üӹľӣͷβһܽ᣺еˣ̶ȣĩûܼ񡣡
ҵı㵽ôģ۾ҲܿɣΪΨһѧ֪ԥû뵽ԼҲܽĵһ졣
ıһһ˵öˣɴƹˤŵλϣѾˣô죬Ҫô취ҪôͿҹҿưɡ
⻰˵þЩˣЩôܻʲôĿҿƣԿ϶ѡǰߣӣ£ź鿪ʼ۲η֪ԥһԸ
뿼Իа²ʱ䣬ҪĶ̫ˣ۰춼û۳֪ԥһ˻̲ס֣һ취֤ܼ񡣡
ͬʱ
֪ԥɤӣһǿүǴɶѧϯǰ칫ΣʦЩϵϧǼ֣ܲܰѾ͵
ˣ
ʲôֲǶ£ҲҪ˭ѧֻΪ˿ѣѧκӰ죬Ҿÿ԰֪ԥֱ׳
ģ
ЦһҪ˶ô룬ǻʲôƽԡ
ƽбҪ֪ԥ۾
ţŻẦ˱£ûѧʵϣõҵ֤ôѵֻܿҵ֤ķϾ
̧ˡ
ˣǵаͱˣҲͬ⣬쿪ʼϰѧǶ٣ǲ°ѧھͶŬ
֪ԥô˵ˣʱˣƵĺһۡ
ĿԼʵֻ40ֵԾʾĺۡ
磬һʱûлؼңȥҰԼСʱĿΣȴСʱͿһϤĺڳͣ
Ͻܹȥʻһ߹һ߹̫ˣˡ
Ȼ֪䣬ΪʲôؼңǼôȤɨһۡ
ĽûʱؼңҵҪһ棬Ȼ˵ʵ԰һϷͦġ
û취߻ԼڲΣҲԼΣʡǴҹŻؼҡ˵˱ҵͽǰᣬͻȻʼΣΪ޸ŬһǲκЦԼġ
ﴽǣû׷ʣųߡڳ˻ůˣҲôңүүͬˣ
̫ˣҲû˵ʲôֻҴԵ㶫ƽ
һǳʲôѽ
һ£ɨһʣҰûܷ
ˣͶֶ̫࣬ˡ޹
Цһֻѣôõӣ
ʶԼ˵©ˣΪ˱˵ڨڨһЦˡ
ֳ˶ٻŻؼңʱѾϾŵˣᾩڿţŵϵĻζ˿ͬʱЩˣһתˡ
ȷڣľͻԷͲֹһȻµıŮ֪潻ʲôѣÿ϶ĺÿζǳȻؼңСʱȥ
죬ÿοĵԼ͸ΣҪԺ˾Ӱɡ

̾Сĵʣÿȥô㲻ɣ
һ´ǣô
һܸжıãлл㡣
ĽŮѵĸлȻÿǳ׼ʱĻؼңᾩÿζһˣ̲סˣڸʲôΪʲôÿ첻Ҫǳÿ찴ʱΪ˱Լʲôˡ
⣬еãƽش𣺡ڸ档
ʲôѣᾩü
֪ԥ
˭
֪ԥظһ顣
ᾩ㶣ŭ쿪ʼ밴ʱؼң׼ˣ˵һҲԼԿ
𣬼ʱ쿪ʼ㣿
ţϸţһѧͰŪ׼棡
ˣõġ
лҪ˵ģǣĻ

 37 

ವĹ, ůĸʻϣһɻĿŻүүô˵
, һСÿô, ǳʡƽش
򴽣ЩΪѵĿڣ, ¡
ɴ󲮲ôá۵һ档
Ķ۾㶣ͻȻɵʣ㲻ôãүүôã
ȻǴ󲮣ҲϲĻΪʲôÿ㣿ѡ
ԥһ, ˵Ҳе, һͷһȥ̸̸ɡ
ûֱ˵Ժȥ, ʹ̸УǸһֺܿ¡
Ļû, һֵôˣһȥģһҵġ
Ϊʲôô϶ѵʲô£ʡ
, Ҫܵ¸Цһ㡢ǰɡÿʱ䲹ΣɲǺô
һ׷ʣ, ʱһֱæʲô
ģ
ܸ˵۾
ڨڨһЦ˵˵Ҹûˡ̫ѣҲֻôίһ졣
һ, ˼ֺ棺ʲô£Ҳ˵ģ
ޱס죺ˣǲġ
ָⷺŻ˪ζڵʮůס֣ãҲʡҲ
ŷģڿϴǷ֪пʼˡʱ˸ǲΣϻȥҪѧÿ˯ߵʱ̣֪ܶȦˡ
ɨһֱۣӹصˡղ֪ʲôʱʼѩǷǳϸѩı˴ƬѩˮĹ·ϣѩĽ켣յһֱֵСԵ꣬İڵðŰ̡
ڳҵķߣ˾ߣһƬй𴽽ǣͻȻܵĸо
Ĳ֪ʲô·ֻ̣һζ˯
ѧУҵľʵ㲻Ͻȿ쵽ʱѾ˯һˡ۲Զļţͣ·ߣĿŸʻϵĿ
ԺƬ̣Ŀ۾һ£ЩãȻʣ𣿡
ţ쵽ˡ鲻Ļش
Ĵ˸Ƿôͣˣ
ѩˣ㿴
ĴǷĶһ٣ŵĿ⣬ʶѩˡȵ³ɵһȥѩ˰Ҳ֪ûУͦĵġ
ĴǾû¹״Ҳ³Լϡ
Ҳ䣬ǲˣڵɺˡһ˷ܵıԹ
ɨһۣҲôϡ
ƲƲ죬ûپܾȥԼΧȡΧĲϡůĸоԼǳЦһ§ҧĴԵ
Ĳĺߺ˫ֻץס죬żǡѩԽԽֻվƬ̣ͱһѩէһͷһ
ûȥˡ촽̺죬ҲЩˡ
ķӦ󣬽ƽƬ̺󣬲ɤʣģʲôʱң
һ㶣װɵʲô
֪ģɫҪҵ̫ãһż
գǸ̸ŵȼ찡ôż
ݱڣѾ˶ʮˡͷƽ
ĵһ£ĻͻȻһţ˶ܵòСͲµǴӳʹżģֻǵ׿˵ʱЩȡ
Ҳ֪ôҹҹǿʲôųŵڣĲϸ룬ΪֻҪһȥ룬ͻʶԼǷģⱲӶˡ
˵ı飬εЦЦǲǰոˣ
Ŀһͺá
ǸҵĴ˵ţͷһ£ҪΪѹҿȡ
˭Ҫˣһ䣬˵¶˾һ㣬̧ͷȻ˵ĻȴԼղģ˸Ӷţѩˡ
š
һֱϲѩģݳʱһͰҵŴŶ׼ҳĶҶһֱڿñ컹ȡ˵ǰ£̲סԹ
ΪӲܼ磬ǵõһ궬ҵûй㣬ȥ԰˰ʱ죬˶ûˣôȥ
ı˵ҲյĻ䣬̲סᶶһ£ԻǹԼ
ûлش⣬Ǵıܶ𣺡ϳɣ̫ˡ
ƲƲ죬ĸ˳ڳӿׯ԰ʱͻȻôһ˵ˣ
˹ǡ
бһۣȻˣǲǵòһ£
ͲˣֻҪԹԵľͺá൱
ļûԼߣһ죬Ƭ̺״ź̾㲻ҪĻˣһŵ¸ѩ죬Ըء
ţרעû˼
ȴ˼˵ˣⲻλҲãʡʱ˼Ӧ˶ʮַɡ
һֱ⣬˶û˵ֱӳȻ׹ղ˵
ʲôû˵û뵽ͻȻˣϽߣȴСһ˻ȥ
Ԥ˵һܺһѩ˱ô°ιס
ľȣô죿Уһÿء
Ǿ͵ȿ꣬ǳһźòãĿǰʱ̫ʵĵһΣô͵͵Ĺȥ
û뵽Լֻһ䣬Ѿʼ֮ˣȵĿ⣬̲סѳүүˡ
󲮲ġʧЦ
бһۣǣֹܣͿΪΪ𣿡
Цһתȥһͬߣȿ쵽סʱԾ뿪ֻһ˻ȥˡ
ᾩȻѾˣüͷ彻£㶼ˣ
ˣүүҸЩһ𣬿ɲ棬ڲΣ˵һ£ҪǲŵĻ顣
ᾩĻ̫ţֻҲˣ֪ԥСأ˵ٱ飬Ҫ
ѣüүүԺһɣȻҶѹ
ᾩû뵽ᶥ죬ʱҭ˵κյ֮㲻׼ôεʱҸҸҽʦ
˵תˣȫıĻᡣ֪Ѷɵ̾Ļطˡ
ᾩصЩ죬ֽܼҽйѸղŵ¶˵ˣ˵Ǽ벻ҽҿҸɣǵø֪ԥ棬㿴СӰŮˣڶʼˡ
ǰС治СѾĹܼҸ͵
ᾩǰɣҲôã
ܼæ˵ͷԥһ˲ССԲΪ棬Ҹҽ̣᲻˰ɡ
ҲУҲȷʵòˣڼȻԼˣҾ˳ˡᾩһ֮ǰΪ£һֱûѧҵںòҵˣ˵ʲôҲҸҽ̡
ֱܼԣλ᲻רģײҼҽҲֹ֪ԥ
ᾩüǸô죿
Ҹѹסģܼ̽
ᾩЦһᾩŮ˭ѹˣ
ҾͲ֪ˣóɼãñ֤ССģҪǣܹסСС㲻֪ԥ棬ܼ˵ţѰ
ᾩȴͷһ뵽һʵѡ
лҪ˵ҪͥʦˣPSᵹʱ


 38 

, ıС¥ɳϵĻһãȻ
ˣĿ
Ŀ˿Χ, һɲõԤУүүļҽʦأ

ĵͷ˵⼸Ϻæ, С¥߲ΣȽ徲
ǰ, æ˵꣬𴽽ԱߵλãæŰСֶŮΡ
ԶԣһĵԱ, Ѽ̲һһں, λ̲סʣΪʲôүүҲΣ
һشǰ, ǲӦȻشҵ⣬ĵİһͷ, ΪʲôԸ֪ԥЩ˲ΣҲңѵǸ㣿
һô֪ģ˵žԼС, үүԼˣ϶Ҫ¸
һ, ס򢣺شҡ
ǲǲ˼Сֹһ䡣
۾˵ʲôû塣
Ҳ˼һ˼ȣɼô, һЦô죿
һ̵˸߻أ˵˵ʵ
ģҵɣԼˣΪʲôһҲţ
ݵĳĬСֹ˵ҵ飬Լ̫ŬΪż顣
΢û뵽ɣһʱһѾΪŲҰæεģ
šպ죬Լ̲סĻװԼڡ
۵һ˿Ц⣬˵ĻȴЩࣺôż޸Ǽܶ˵£
㲻ҪȡŶûǸ˼ԼְԴ̽
סΪʲô
Цң˳ռˡĿһۣ
Ĭһ˲Լܻôʱֱ׳鷳ˡ˻˳Ŀġ
ʽ֮ǰҪ˽һĽȣ򵥵˼⡣ʱĲϰĶ˵ģܿⶼˡ
򵥼һ£齥΢ʱ䣬ȷһֱڲΣ
Ȼˣγ̶ŰҲģ֪ԥ̫ƫƣֻһơʵش˵ʶı鲻̫ʣɵЩģô𣿡
üһ油ϰôãΪʲôô󡣡
𣿡Сĵʡ
һۣ̾ˣһܶʱ䣬һжü
ô˵ˣյǰʼѧϰ˵ӺܴѧҲܿ죬ϻʱ˲εٶȺܿ졣
ֻǲһʱ򣬻ˣһ֪ʶҳҽһ£ʵ˼
ģ
ޱ飺֪ѧô죬Ϊʲôˣղѧʱû
˾𣿡ڨЦ
ȻˣǾԼĻһ顣
ģʲô˼ģ浱Ҫʱȴʲô˵ˡ
Կ죬շˣҾǱô죿
żа취侲
۾һģ
ζĺӡ
ӺĺһһϵϣסһƬɫĺۼҧгݵĵ˻һۡ
ٽһ£ղǸε˼΢ʳָһǣЩƽȵĿڡ
ǳ˳飬һԥͿҪæʼУȻԹڰ׻ɵǰѼص㱳ˡ
ɨһۣһ֪ʶ㡣ϴεĽѵٴ⣬ܳѧϰˣȻмǲסʱʱҪȥˡ
ѧϰСʱһСʱڻɴ·׼ˣ˲񻰵ɳϱһţҲÿůȻǸðɡ
ʱ䵽ˣҪȥϢˡĵ·ԶԶһߣ˱ڻ˿Ŀڡ
һβס񣺡ʲôٲһСʱڻܲҪúùܿ񡣡
֪ڵ.СñĴ𣿡һ˲ĸ첲ҧһڣ⣬ٲȥҽͽˡ
ĳ˴˿̵ķӦɲģôˣɲܴ̼̫
Ҳٰ֪ȥˣ͵ȲԽˣǳĬһ˲·һһְϣСֽ·ڶԴʲôϡ䱦
ߣһһ·ǵ㺦߶ĸˣٿĶ̲ס²ۣ壬㶯ǲе̫ˣôȥ춼Ҫˡ
żȥʡ
üǵҲûУô㲻һȥ
ֻܰ·ȫãŵţȥ
ĵһĶүү϶ͬġ
֪ҾͲˣԼأ˵ţ΢΢𣬡ʱֽ·ϰ˼ƹ⣬Ӧòڡ
ţ֪ˡ˵꣬Լת뿪ˡ
˵͵ſھͲˣһ·ϣﰵЦĿš߳һ·ͻȻ뿴ӣ̲סͷȥȴֻһƬУһӰ
վһ֮ǰꡣ
һʱͣ˽Ų
ȥ䡣ɵվ﷢̲סһ䡣
ĻعЦЦת뿪һȴһ߻ȥ·ƮƮģ·Ųûʵ
ָоһֱүүʧſǷүү̲סһ䣺үүڵң
ûûУҾģʱ䡣ᾩ˵ţִһǷ
ĿҪǲҲΣǾͲˣûҪһǡ
˭˵ǲ˿ȿȣҲûзǣ㲻Ҫ˵ᾩ˵ţ
ƲƲ죬ûٸȥ¥ȥᾩǵĿıӰ֮ŤͷʹܼңǲѾ֪ҷˣ
ܼҲûشֻǺķʣأ
ᾩ֪ˣֲϣķĻˣܼһԻȥϢˡ
ĻصӶǻӰ̾ϴ۾þòų˯ȥ
һһΣݳȥĳΪһ£С
Ļݿ£۵͸һ˿ģҲһŴԼ֣۽ǷŲԵĺ졣
ʱѾůȻ˱飬Ҳֵסʬĸŵһɸõζ
Ȼȴ⣬С£ߵ˶˵ҪҲðҪ㻯Ϊóֻ֪ΪҴһؼ£һһޡ
һ㶣ĿϵʬȻ˫ۣҰܵɫͷĴֲֿ
ȴ˲ϿԼʬ壬ΪȫעڻϣŻԼʬ屧סŻʬĴŻ۽ǵһſŵȴ֪·᲻Լһ
һתͻȻϰλʦ飬˻ͻȻͫһ󲽳ʦΧмĻȥȻͻ֮·бһƴܣҲܲߣֻܿϵѪһƬƬЩĹ⡭
ү̣Ӧǿˡ
Ǻο࣬ةһֱ޼£ָ䣬Ҳһʹ
ӷ㰡
Ķ߷·˵һ͵۾컨Ļƺ󣬲ŵײײĴӴŽųȥ
ܳסʱһ㳹ˣ۾ֲڵĲһѣһеǰܣҲÿׯ԰ĵƽʱɨ㹻ɾĽų˶֮ͨ⣬û˵𴦡
˯˯߱Ƚǳ¥΢춯ʱü۾΢΢һ£ȵԼűƿʱ㳹ˡ
Ҫһ紵ñӱ嵽Լ΢΢һͷ㿴ͨ۾ôˣ
ɵӡűסĲӣȥ
ü˱.ϺΪʲô·ܳǲҲûдЬ
ء
ôˣεĶ㿪մ˵ǣȻһͽסˣ͵סҵ󣬡ҹģʲô̼ˣ
ҪھҪ˵ţһߵᣬһ֣֮ǰһϡ
ֱУûжӿУһô죿ôСԼǸӣôӳ
ûµģҿԳҩһΣҾҪһΡӶΪԼܹЩֻ࣬ʲô϶Ҫըˡ
ʱ򣬶㣬ôòܶסȻһ˿д棬㲻ǵһˣǰˣݳЩС鿴ˣҪɡ
侲һ㣬üͷǳԴʲô𣿡
Ļ̲סΪЦҲֻһ˲ֱ˿Ͱ͵׷˻ȦԼ̲סյĲҪң
Ҫһᶨ
۾Ŀѵһ顣
κЦһã㲻Ҫȥұˡ˵תҪߡ
һ󵨣վס
վסߺߵĻͷҪҪҪҾұˣҲҪġ
üͷ壬ȥһ¼򣬶ʱû֮ǰơǰ׵۾̾Ϣһ̫ˡ
ģ
ûʣ㱻͵һһ밴˴ϡ
ʾʱЩԺԼļЧˣͨˣڱĸ£ʼʱһȥӦͻʹˣĻ˵ȥ
۽Ƿᣬ۵ָ⾾˴Ȼ뵽ܵЩ࣬־ûֻܴſǻһ㡣
˼壬һֹ󣬾ʲôʧˣһֱ赽ڶϣų̫˯ȥ


 39 

ϰ˵, ᾩüͷڲǰŮӶ¥ϴҴ, ЩŵĿڣСС㲻ڷ䡣
ڣϿ, ʱȥģᾩһǡ
ܼ򴽣ղʹŸ, ˵ûССȥԺҲҹˣûûˡ
ȥġᾩ͵һͣŵĿܼҡ
ܼڨڨһЦҲ²ӦȥүˣϾ͸ÿ, ССֲ, ֻүಹ, ܶѧһ㣬أ
ѧҲԷ, ҴûĳԷᾩԽ˵ԽòԣüͷС¥ȥ
ܼ͵͵ѵĶź󣬼æС¥ȥ
С¥, һֻ𶯾۾һۻ˯С, ۵ᡣͷףùֻۣܼҵϢݺ󣬲ɵüͷ
ᾩС¥, ܼҸһκûյĻţĻῴʲôÿģǼæסᾩֱӹȥ᲻᲻̫ð
ǲѧϰʲô̫õģᾩӵۡ
ܼЩΣûѧϰأ
ᾩһ㶣һ뵽ĳֿܣ˶ҪըˣܼҼæ𣺡侲һ£̸ôһأȥͽΣ
ᾩһܼҼȰȸǴ绰Ҫȥ£ҲʡôʱΡ
ԼӺŮʲôεģᾩըˣ峯С¥ߣܼҼȰסֻܰǱ̫
С¥ſʱᾩѾԲߵĻ棬ʱŵĶûˣһŰ߿һҪ
С¥¹ڳһǰ˼һѧڵı޿α֪ʶ˵ʱʸ⣬ʱڱдд
ײͬʱſڣֱӺᾩˡ
ͻȻˣһƬĬ֪˶ãᾩŽЦѧϰأ
ǰүүһȦۿûס˸Ƿѧϰѹ̫ˣ֮ǰЧʲ̫ߣ⼸첻һ£Ҫˡ
Ŷû뵽ôȰѧϰᾩЦȻɰͰ͡
ĸЦһɻĿүүʲô
ŶŶⲻǿŵˣһֱûȥͣѧٵԹһ¡ᾩæ
ĵ˵ͷרעڿα֪үүֻкпΣһҲû£ȥԷɣҰ֪ʶѧߡ
ãáᾩæĴӦСС¥˳ȥ˳ְæˣӿĻӡ
ŹغúڨڨߣһĹܼҴȤ㲻С֮ˣ
֪ѧϰᾩһ䣬üͷһǾò̫ԡ
ʲôԵģССүĻԸԼΣԴ͹ˣҾͦԵġܼæ
ᾩҡҡͷɵ˵ﲻԣ϶вԵĵطҺú롭
ܼû£ú룬һ룬ᾩ͵ͣ£·
ʲôܼұһ
ᾩˣǼ£ǳģ
ܼһҪ˵ʲôᾩŭС¥ȥˣθ֮ǰһһ߿ţȻϴλںúѧϰģ˿̸Լ˯£ŻĳºͶ̿Ҫš
үͻȻſڶӣһ˲ᾩŭ𣺡ģ㵨ԽԽˣ
ģ
һ󼦷ɹ֮ڻԼѣͻվһһҹ˿ȽҪڱסùһ㡣
վôʲô𣿣ᾩŭ
ɪһ£ĬĬԱŲȴ˻ᾩǵС״յĿӳ󲮣岻̫£ҷš
㻹֪󲮣ûаҵ󲮣ᾩŭʡ
һ£ûش⣺°ɣҪϢ
СĽһ֣ҪٻϽˡ
еƽ΢
ãģ¡ᾩ
򴽣ûҪ˼ǻһѣŵɳ¡ò˵Ѿŵ˼ޣ˿£ȻʮǸΣȴࡣ
º󣬷ָ˶ݵİƬ̺ᾩڣһ䣬ﵽû󲮣
Ĭһ˲Ҷĸ飬ףȴҪ⣬֮ĸ飬ҪЮ뿪𣿡
ᾩ˼УҲûżϻֻһҲʲôϹŶûǵĻɣֻҪǱҶԷԺȢ޸ʲôˣҶᷴԡ
Ϊʲô̲סʡ
ᾩΪԶûȹ̣Ȧ̸ģպյģǻᣬԺܻ֣ܿûô죿ϣ󣬳Ϊҵ㽫ᵽεĶ󡣡
ĲͬĿүүöеġ
ҵģҲðգᾩɫԽԽҲܳκǽĿܣԳڸû̫һ£ԺҶ㡣
ҲҪ
ܡ
ĺͻͬʱڣ˶Էһۺ˵ˡ
ᾩЦˣãǷǵǲǣ˵ҵӻңǲǽӴˣ
⻰˵þЩˣֹܼһᾩӣᾩ˵Ǿ仰ʱͺˡûǸ˼ҲŮȻû̳мҵľģղŻϻϵе㲻ܿˡ
üͷүү
ᾩڱסˣҲǸ˼
ˣһᾡȥĻ
ܼҺᾩʱסˣ˼ĿһۣӺȻãǾסүүһ仰ĴҪ׷һء
ЩллĽΪлһǰļ̳ȨͬʱԼйȨתЩȫƲֻܸô࣬˵꣬ᾩһģǲģһΨһ壬û취֡
ᾩĿϵļᶨԼŨûĸ飬һʱûͬʮ꣬˽϶¾һײǽҲͷ
Ȼһ˲䱻סˣҡûҪǮҲûߡ
˼ףײģչô꣬ѾˣڴˣҲʶȤ뿪ˣٰ֤ۡ˵꣬Ŀһۣ¶Ȼıתȥ
һߣᾩɵˣһ仰Ҳ˵İţðЦһ
ᾩ̲סʣЦʲô
ûУֻǾȥˣĳ˹Ƹúڵ˯žˡ˵ţģ̾
ᾩһǿΪ۸һСѾͷҲŲȥ
аɣھͺãȥҲãټ£Ҳٿɫͦõġ˵ţϵЦ⵭Щ
ᾩЩѰ˭˵ˣ
ղŲΪ£ڰؼ𣿡ֱֱĿӣ˵ֻ𣿡
ҵȻԣᾩЩҪӣĻ£
ļûƽȥЩź̾ĬƬ̺ſʣҪʲôأ
ҪǷ֡ᾩȴʼƮˡ
ĳĬƬ̣Ҫģ
ԡʵҲûôҪˡ
á
˵ʲôᾩȡ
ЦЦ˵á
ٺŪңղŲ˵ͬôִӦˣǺŪҰɣᾩЦһ
ĴȻҪģαعС˵ʲôʲôɡ
⻰̶ֽ޷ᾩһһܣȴ֪˵ʲôƬ֮ӲĳӦҵģȻҪˣǾˣԺǻһˡ
Цһǵ£Ѿ֣Щƺ̫ˡ
ᾩסˣӦʱѾ뿪ˡ
صϴһ£ѧУȥʱȻУſڿ˻ǵһӿθߣȥѧУľƵ˯һ󣬲ſʼԲߡ
Ҫҷ֣ʡ
ֵĺһۣأ
Ѿܺˣ۵׻һ˿Ц⣬ǰҾãߵһΪ˲ôģһҷ֣ûУҶԣѾܺˡ
үҪô΢𣿡ЩƵܡ
Цһһʱ䣬ͨġ
ü֮ǰܶʱˣһ𣬲ըˣҪ˵˾͸һʱţżҲء
Ĭһ˲㲻Ҫ̫
ģᣬЦеסֻʱҪһˣһס棬һܿؼҡ
ʵҿԼ庢һˡ
һ֪Խ˵£ҲһжƸˣξҵģʲôҪܣֻסš˵ֲ꣬һ䣬үү㣬Ҳ֪𣿡
š
ľʽʼүүˣÿ찴ʱ𴲰ʱԷѧУŻΣ׼ʱؼң·ûϵһк񶼺ֻǶĻٸүү˵һʱͻԼ䡣
ᾩ˼ε绰ҲȥѧУҹΣ˿ˣŮͻȻһ¶
ǲԺҪ˰ɣᾩɰͰ͵ʡ
ܼһ˭ܡı飺ǱϾ˵ģ˾εĹϵôֶ
ΪʲôУᾩġ
ܼʼ磺ĿǰǲУүӣҪ׸ϵˣϾǰŲΪСС뿪ССžʹӦ֣˹˭Ҳܲ裬ο˵ȣ֮Ժǲˡ
ôİɣᾩ硣
ܼҲش
ᾩĽȴҰοûµģСԴ󣬿϶ָܻܿˡ
ϼиݼҺӣҲǱĸԧ죬ȷʵˣͱ˽Ҳúܺáܼƿڡ
ᾩ۾һǰɣСӵĸж̹ġǺǶ߳ģ
ʮɣʮ˲Ž顣
ᾩǲõˣĲ߳
лҪ˵үүڣھǷǳĺ
һ¾ʹԲˣҪүүѽҲ֪Ůʲôеֻ˼ҵĵǣ50~psڿˣȥ~~


 40 

ᾩǳĲ, ƽ׶һѿеʱ䣬Ϊ˴ʱ, ùܼҸЩҲ֪ܼǲǹ, һ鼮ǽġ
൱, ᾩľģ϶ΣμѻԶ磬μҪϾϵֱǿ಻ԡ
Ľ㲿, ʵҲ۵ò, Ȼ֪, ԼʱЭǾ̫ԲĻ, ֻܺģүү
һӱŤŤӵʱĩԼ, ڻ˵İ£ǿͿշɹ, Ȼɼǲ룬Ҳֵףһˡ
ԾҪźˣ첻ϿΣζû취, ʱЩãүүҲЭˣٵ죬һȥ
šЦ
ԥһ˲Э֮ǰпյĻҲġ
áȻӦ
̾ôһ뵽ҪֿͲôء
ϵЦŨ˰κ󿪿ڣӼƣҸطȥ漸졣
ôӡĻ˵һ룬ͻȻ۾һ
һͷ󣬺ЦȻ㲻ĻҲԲ
үүô죬ǲǰˣĶͬʱЩǡ
һ£ҲǣǾͰڼҴŰɣȹʱ䣬ٴȥ档
ŶƲƲ죬ӵ˾ĵ绰ĿۻתУȥ
ΪͻֿһֱԵƲ֣үүһ˵ͷҪңԷʣѧУżˣ
šûһĵĻӦһ
ᾩһЩ飺͡Լ
۽һ
û˼ʣ·ûᾩģĿڣȻҺһҲͦģʵڲо
ҺѾˡ˵꣬תطˡ
ᾩҭһ£β죺֪ǷˣҲû˵İ˵Щί̲סȥҹܼ¸ܼ˵Թ˵ǲǹˣôôԴԼүүأ
ССҲˣôܸүأĿϲ嵶ʲô𣿡ܼһ
ᾩĬһ˲ô˵Ҵˣ
أܼҷʡ
ᾩʱЩ꣺Ҹô죿ҵ绰ȥҲҪҶϾϵˡ
ⲻҪ𣿡ܼһ䡣
ᾩӵۣôҪˣ
УⲻҪģҾͲˣһҪôִأܼ̾ڵǣǷֿˣǽԸ𣿡
ᾩüͷʲô˼
ǷֵĿʲôһӵˣȻڵĽǣ˭Ҳ˭ⱲӶϵ˼үҪƲϵ˲ˣܿܳΪԹ޶Էĳˡܼҿġ
ᾩˣҪԹԹҺˣôܳΪԷĳˣ
Ϊ᲻ԹֻܰѺעԷϡܼ˵úһ൱档
ᾩ˵ˣ֮ƣ̾ˣ߰ɣϢһ
ձĹܼң
Ļص󣬱㿪ʼƵž˯ˡžͷ˯գ˶
˾ȫƵϵˣԽԽ䣬䣬ڼﲻšԽǲȥᾩԽͻ״ˣⱾǼֵø˵£ȻȴĲ¶ƿصĸо
ҪĽձǴڣ캮ض˺ζһӾԭһŮĵһ꣬˵ðرϲŶԣȻҪһӣ˺ϲ
ᾩڿشǰĺ˿ãڻȥˡ
ſڵʱڸƵϽҵ绰ͻ˵һŴҴȥţүү
æʲôأôòšᾩüߣȴκι˼
ڨЦһղ˸СϷģеûš
ϷһϷᾩˡⶼϷˣҪͳ˰ɣǺʵһ벻ô졣
ķܵĵ˵ͷүү𣿡
ǸҪˣʲô㣿ᾩٿڣһСġ
ԣ֪ʲôˣգգ۾ڣڼҹûʲôѣڼһȥġ
ǡǳأᾩ꣬ͻȻæ֪ѾˣǡǼȻˣͲǰһһ𣿡
ԼǰŮѵһ𣿡ĿֹϵҪôںõˣҪôˣôһˣ
һ
Цһʲôһ˵ദʮСɶ˵Һ֮Ҳ͸ʶ꣬ͺͨŮһûףҪôһҪôͳ׷ֿûмֶΡ
ᾩҭҭüͷʣأǷǵһˣ
ҿû˵Ϊʵʱ䣬ҾҲͦõģ𣿺αټһ˽
ᾩôĻˣβһվôô飡
ıȵѽʮĺӣ˵ҪͲҪ˼Ҵ껹һˣбһۣ֮ڵǣﻹеϲģôȥ϶ԽԽ쳹ûˣҺҲûϷˡ
УᾩҲľܾ
ͷһΪʲô
㡭ᾩ㡯˰죬ʲôû˵Ƿϵ̾Ҵ
ҺѾ֡
ҲøҴŪң϶а취ģᾩۡ
ûסЦһ漴ûУֲһǲһġ

ᾩһ䣬Ĳ˵ʲôû塣
˵һкᾩŭ
۾΢˼ǣ
ͬˣͬ˻𣿣ᾩյ˵꣬첱Ӵֵˡ
ĴƬ̣һ绰ֻǸҪ룬һʶ͸ˣ˰𴽽ǡ
͵ʱҴܳȥᾩһôôˣ
еˣȥ˵žܡ
ᾩϽϣҺһȥ˵ԼһסУºˣ˰ɡ
үүȱȥأһСðȥٹȥæֹ
ᾩ㶣ȥ
ţȥС˵ţϽŤͷˡ
ᾩãȻĶıӰŤͷܼң̫ʧˣΪԺǺãڶˣԸҡ
̫ˡܼҿһ
ᾩ˵ҡҡͷص·ܼҿıӰʮֿԥһҪǰοͿᾩһĴȣ߷߲ƽԣСӾҲֻһ˵ôȥˣƫƫҴӦ֮ǲ֮ǰһֱûϰɣ
ܼң׵ǲе̫ˡ
ûһͷһֱܵϲͣ´ֱӸ˾һַ뿪Ҿͽӵүүĵ绰ըĹصֻװʲô֪
ܿ쵽˻סܹȥţӺžͻȻˣ֣˱㽫סˡ
һ㶣Ҳ˭͸ס
룬ûˡļϣһᵽϵζ˲ŷ
ȻһֱƵͨɵҲСûˣҿˣ϶ҪҹؼƴǰҲҪȥ
˼ΣĵĶҪˣĺ󱳣Ϣүүؼˡ
š
û˵ܲרһ㣿
˶٣ʱɿרһ㣿
Ȼˡ
ǽ˵Ҿרˡ˵ţóһ·
ûж룬ֱӸŽȥˡ
ȻͶɹһҹһֱڻɣԼǧԶǸˡ
רˡ
лҪ˵ģҾͲ
ǲһѣ뿴ôģԸľǷᣩ

 41 

ڵ賿ͣ, ļ˵Ҳ˯ŵĵز˱ԡһٱش, ˾Ѿ˯ˡ
۵״ЦĿòű˯˯һ, Ȼһ磬ǺͰˡ
šߵءһ, ۾
ȰӦû͵һ㣬Ȼؼ֮˯òã
üëһβԸ۾Ŀú, , Ƶǲ𡣡
ȵĶҪ, ȻΪ˱ᾩҧҧǰ˴ӻ˺, ؼٲ
Ʋ첻˵۾ͻȻȥ峿һǽ, 㾫ˣŻͬĳط, һʱЩ㲻˵а˰һǧ
ȥϴѾ˵ˡ
סЦԹȥԡҡȥϴˢĹ򣬽ͨ硣Ŀָɣܿڴ, ֱԡĳ˴˸磬ŸϽѴ¹ϣů½ů
ϴ꣬ϸ·һ£ȷԼȥº󣬲ԡҳһͿҪ·Ͻסʹ˯£ȥ¡
Ϊʲôü
Ŀһ첻ǸүүôҪǾرõĳǰҪˡ
Ѿ֪𣿡ʧЦ
ĺһۣͲˣˣȻûмıҪˣڼ˵ʲô˵ѵ˲飬˵ĻʮСİ
üǰҲôŪҵģ
ҪǷ˾û˼ˣء񲻸ôԼֱ׳
һȴְĦĺЦϣϽƻشϣȥ֮ǰһ䣺װһ㰡ұˣǾͶ㡣
εĿתΣȥź˼Ƭ̣װһ󲡳
ᾩվſڰ˰壬ûʮߣԼĲĻѣֱԽԽԭʮ֮ģûסһˡ
ȿŵʱ䣬ѾˣС¥ǴһЩÿģùȰСһ١
ᾩ˼ôʱǰˣĿЦЦүү
ᾩһ۵׵ĺһ٣ɫôôã
Ϊ̫ˡһ˲Цһֱչ壬ûô˯
װᾩ۾
һ޹װʲôˣ
ݼѾڻĹܿĥˣᾩһʱ侹ȻֻһɵȥһžѹֵĿ
ᾩһϽȥһžͿڴϣɫôõӡ
ˣæȥʡ
۾ҪᾩһѰ˻ȥúţҶ
󲮡˵ţֿһ
ᾩüô£
еðҩѾõòˡش
Ľʱպ仰ᾩһĴ̴ָеЦ⡣
Ҿ˵һסУúõôðأϽһؼңüҽ㿴ᾩ˵žҪ
ȴ϶ֻɫᾩ㶣ЩεԭλθɰͰ͵û˵
˵ʲôʡ
ᾩ򴽣˵ʲôѾͬ˵ô
˵ˣΪƭҡЦһ
üû뵽˱װСҲ̫ˡ
Ȼʾᾩ˵ԶЧӣʱܲѣִ̫ܿˡ
󲮣ңһһӶĺã֣ṼĿɳ£Һϡᶨĺᾩӡ
ᾩݵҵȻ㣬ֻǲĶѡ
ģֲʲôҵģ
żꣿԺĿԶأ˭֪᲻Ṽᾩʵǡ
ĿҪһ䣬һҾҲǡ
̭أĺ˶ȥˡ
ᾩЦЦҲǺĵġ
İɣҲģ˵ţԱ£ʶ§סᾩߺסˣĻȻڱģǰܾ̫ˣβܾˣүүģһúõġ
ģᾩü
ĵ˵ͷⱲӣֻҪһ
һ£ĬĬִӱᾩĵطסĴסָ
ᾩǲ̫˵ԣҲûа취ֻܸأҲ֮ôһҪ󡣡
˵̵
ᾩߴӶɨ齥֪ᣬѪյʱ򣬵ϣС¥£ǽǰҪٷ
һ¡
ֻҪǴӦңǰҵǰعأҾͬǽǲӦһǻԡʱᾩһ˿أԱ㽫ʲôµʱ򣬻һˡ
ʱ»ҲľܾȻһһֵս˼ôźʱȴȵ𣺡ҴӦ
գһ۾ֱԼʲô
أᾩġ
Ļ񣺡ҡҲӦ
ȻǾûˣ۷ǲõģңǾͺǰһУᾩ˵ͣһ£ȻΪչϼһ飬Ǳ̫֣𣿡
Ӧᾩ¥󣬲ŤͷȤʣס
ƭ󲮵ġûһ˿ġ
һҾ֪
ЦЦԺˣĳЩ¿ܻҪڵ½С
ͲܲаֵĵһۣС¥үүˣЦһ·ʼʰܿҲǻˡ
ٴλصңһӲҲЩݣǿᾩ۽Ǻ󣬳Ĭһ˲ǸԲ𣬴󲮡
ʲôǸԺ󡭡ԺΪһĵĻľˡᾩһһ³ˡ
һֻСʮָۣǹһ˿ǳЦס˶Է
һڣžˣĴʯˣһ㲻ãС¥ס¥ס͵ҹѡ
´ٴ˯ҿɾ͸үүˣ۽糺졣
ס΢ƣ𺰣ҡ
ģδ˺޳֮ˡ
лҪ˵үүҾ̫棬Ż

 42 

µʱҪ͵͵һ, ĶǰһᾩھıŤ, ϰ˶ӱʵ
Ȼ֪ĺͻһ鶼Щ΢, ⱲӵľѾݳʱͬû˭ֱ׳ķ¡
ӾȻô޷޲Ĺ, תһȥˣһľ͵ˡһͻûгܣȶ÷·ϷޣᾩοͬʱЩȡ
֪ǰʶ, Ϊһʮˡᾩп
ܼЦЦǰ, үССĸá
ҿҵûִ̫, Ҫˡᾩǰ£¡
ܼҰοһʼȻִ, ǺûǺܺõġʱۿƵúܺã˶н˻һʵ
ǣҿǼΨһĳᾩһ, Ҫ˵ҲǹԣһֱҵĻ, ˵ǽǰԹԵģǾǹԹԵģΪ˱ӣζûһ, ξǸԳȥġ
ܼεЦЦǵҲСˡ
ǰˣҲ̫ΪǣĴͶ飬ҵ֮ǰͽ顣ᾩİ塣
ܼҸŵ˵ͷŤͷϢ˻
յܼҶŵʱ򣬻ڴţϢʱԴȥݺһүүô㣬ҪҾ飬Ե𣿡
ԲһúТ˳ġǳЦ
ĺһۣſαҪ𣿡
š
ãԼ˵Цˣû뵽ҾȻһ죬øǼܺõ¡ǰŵһ뵽Լƽ͵
ǴЦ˱øЩĵָĿڻȦȦĵĺ˵Żһֱĵ𴲡
Ĳ붯ɡ
ʲôʡ
룬һѲҪ˼嵭زˡһ£ù˼ңԵԼ㡣
û˼㣬ԡĺЦ
üζ˲١
ǰɣҲú棬ԭϲԴˣϲĶһЩСˣĿζһˣЦӯӯĿѵǸһ̫ãøһˣ
ʧЦôõĲѧ
ʲôõģĲķʡ
룺ɼ
ģаɣһ䡣
˴ּ䣬ܿ˹ִһԷֻ˼ھͷ¿ˣüͷŷˣûһθڡ
ͱˣü
ĵ˵ͷЩյĿڣղǶģھûоˡ
Ҳ¿ӣ²ԣ߰ɣҴȥҽԺһ¡
ȲҶԷˣѪҲ׼ȥ顣ľݳ꣬ͶԽʮˣĻҲûзԣֻѡһʵʱ䡣
ͬˣֻһֱʱʱĵĸܣ³ʲô⡣ıֵÿЦãҲ֪ǳڵģֻһһߵİο
˺ò׼尾ڶϣߵͰĽˡԺпһۣĺһɣҽԺûš
ȥҵ˽ҽԺѾǴкˣҽԺǡ
Ĳͬ۾һүү֪ô죬Ȳ˵ᵣģ˵˲һΣһȥҽԺ£ôͣ
Ĭһ˲󲮲֪
ôȷ۾
һҽԺһֱҸġ
ģ㻹ǣͦﰡ
ģĴмҲģҲġ
ЦһûƽҵģɣȥҽԺ
á˵ţӴ
˼ϴһ£ͼҴҽԺȥˣҽ˵һ֢״
ҽ˼Ƭ̣ɵĿҺС㵥𣿡
ɫʱܡ
ҽ
Ŀһƻȳȥ
üͷͬĿֻţ˼Ÿ뿪ߺĿҽʲôֱ˵ɡ
һС㣬ûǷҽʡ
һ£ʲô˼
תһȦһȦɫˣವĹ磬ֱĳһЩ˵ʲôˣ
˵ʲôʧЦһЩ˽⣬㵽ǸеģûԱ
ģ
ԥһ£Сǻˡ

ҲȷѪȷٿ顣˵ĴһȦѪߡ
һֱѪĵطŷӦ˵ʲôˣ
˵˻ûȷĺһۡ
΢Ҿġ
ôܣƳΧһۣȷû˺ѹǰȫʩһֱúܺá
ǰǴΣǲСŪôҲѹ
һ㶣ǰɡ
֮ŷֵģˡѡ
ŻˣǰɡƵģӦð
ȱţȼ˵ҲֻǶˣȣθڲҲпܵġο
ȻСʱʵһż鱨棬ûˣֱӴɵĻ˼ҡ
ᾩǻϢǸˣרŴӹ˾ǣôһˣû˵ʲô𣿡
үүĸЦһĬĬ˻ǰ
ᾩɻ󣺡ôˣ
һС¡ȴӦұҾ͸˵ţ͵͵һ»ʾϽܡ
ᾩüʲô£
ҡ
ˡƽڡ
ᾩһʱЩãȻɶ
ˣǵĻҪǰ˵һ£ɵ˵ᾩѵһ˿ģԲ𣬴󲮡
ᾩʮͻȻͨ죬ȳȥҴС򣡡
үү侲һ㣡ľˣæȥȴ˵Ūһȥˡ
ᾩó˻£۵òУһŶӺۣᾩµʮСװģƫƫһʧֻܷ¹ȥŮǿסˡ
һ侲һ֮¡
ᾩĬãߺߵ飬پͽ飡
лл󲮡̵
ģǲе̫ˣ
ᾩ˻һۣ⣬ᡣ
ϲҲᡣӦ
ģǲ̫ˣ
ǾͶµװɣʱ£Ҳˡᾩİ塣
˵ͷȫ󲮵ġ
ģǵû˵
㻹˵ᾩŭҪ㲻Ļô
үүģүүˡһ޹
סЦ⣬͵͵ָһģбһۣûסЦЦᾩһӣЦֺǲ۸ˡ
ӵĻԼġŬ£õˡ
лҪ˵Ӧûһ·

 43 

˵, 鲢ôãϾʱ, ˶ʶϢ۵ò, ٰʽ󷹶˲ϳԣϢ˯ûڵء
һ˯Ľ, ˯ˡ
ô죬ҲԺϢ˰ɣľȣͬʱһǡ
Ķͷᣬ˯һ㣬Ͼ͵, ˰, Ե㶫𣿡
ÿγ궼Ҫ, 粻ˡƵĵڴϣűӲ϶
Ϊ˲үүʧ, ֱӰҵ˻鷿ϵı䶯СҲʡŲط, ڻȻ֮á
ɫ, üͷɵ˻ܣ㲻Իܣٳһ㡣
޿ҡҡͷ
㲻ϲˣǳԵôȰ˵
ĳĬһ˲, λǲԼǿ˵ͷǺðɣǲ⡣
⣬ͽг׼ߡ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ뿪ڴϷ˸ǶɣһɾͿǵĻɴա
ƬЦÿĵԼһ꣬ǸʱûµʱûжԵóԵġ
̾໹ûĶӣСֹҪ裬ͱˣĺࡣ
˵Լ̲סЦȻʹΪ֣ǰԼжŶ˵һ졣Ȼк࣬ȴǻϲģһ뵽иüСӣá
ôţֺһ㣬ɳǰ£ŻԼͷ
ûãˣﻹˣһľһ峴ģǷǳ嵭Ĳˡ
ĵѶ˹лͿʼԣԼûʲôθڵģˬľһȥζٺʱθڴ󿪣̲˶Ըɾˡ
ЩȣҪܵӣûôĳ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ𣿡
У㻹Ҫ𣿡Сĵʡ
ĵ˵ͷ
Цһãȥʢ˵һסˣ̽ĿڣγԵ⣿
ıܵü
˺ôϲٽζģһҲ塣æ
ȻЩų࣬˵ЩˣƬ̺ͷǲҪ̫ࡣ
ãҸСݵġ̴Ӧ
ʮӺһС˺˺ܴĺһڣű۾ȴŻ¡
Ȼһӹȥˣ廹ûзӦɻ۾ϻڴĿ⡣
ûķ·´½һ㡣
ЦǳɣҲû١
ĵ˵ͷƵĳ⣬ѾнһûôԹˣȻǲ̫ϲôų⡣ҪǣȻûһµĸо
ֱ̫ˣ浽Щ̫ţ극ڵ·Ӧȵˣûȵ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ﲻǰҲ۹ûһ㷴Ӧûа
˶һۣĬƬ̺󣬻̽ҪȥҽԺ
̾߰ɣȥһ£ҽ϶˯ˡ
·˼ʰһ£ֱӳˣߵʱ򻹾ᾩһ˵ҪȥҽԺ˵ʲôҲҪȥû취ֻҲˡ
һڵ˽ҽԺﵽⶼһȷûκ⣬վҽԺſ
Ǻ°ְֵ̻ʱҲͻȻͲ˵ġᾩȷӦ
ĺͻһۣͬĵ˵ͷ龪һȻصʱ϶ƣ⣬ǸԻϢˡ
ɻشϣԱߵĻе΢ȥŪʱҸոĹ죬Ҫˣû뵽ôͲˡɺ𣿡
Թ𴽽ǣȻǣǱ㡣
Ҳǡĵ˲䡣
˾Ƭ̣С㣬ϲ嵭ģҲչҡ
һֱչ㡣
ı۾Ҳһֱǣ»֡
»֡

˵һ裬ԴͻȻ֮һֱ޷޲ĵԤڣ˳˳Ľϡ
ߵСޣĵʮٿѾۿ
ЩЦã𣿡
ڣս֣üëܼӬû뵽ӻôѣԺҲˡ
ȷҪӣոŮ˫ȫĴȤӵĹ̲ѣ껹о
ҡҡͷҪˣһͺãϲŮ
ĵĴ𣬿Աߺ˯ССС˵ûУְ˵ϲء
Ҳϲ㡣һ䡣
ĺһۣûԴס
֪¶˽һЦһҪ˵ϲ㣬ϲ㡣
ֵĿ󵽵ûס¶һЦݡ
Ҳϲ㣬ϲ㡣˵ţָ˿ġ
µʱ˱˴羰ѧܣǣԷֲٷš
ͦõģü
лҪ˵Ҷ˵⧲û뵽ộ˵ģһʼдʱΪֻʮšΪǷǳ̷ǳ̵һСƪţһ뿴ķзǳǳ뿴ģһдһ£ûеĻǾ~~~


صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ