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һҹ˵ˣ˷¸ĿׯΪɽ½ϲС
ʳ̣
һݣӶʮ㡣
ܹKһݣʮ㡣

еҹǲã²ǵ̫ãµˡɶСʾë彡ĸ
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ǿԱվͬĹʱɪɪ²Ϲɣǿɱ񵲷Ľڰ
ιιҵ̸Сá
̷仡ŮxС۳Դ׾

С糡
ɣѼ˹ڼ100֣ô죿
ÿ㷢¸ȴÿʾ֭ôң
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׵ɵıǼ⣬ϱҲԣţ
ףŮӣֻǷ仡ȽϳӦԷġ

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һ仰飺ļԭ 




1

峿΢΢͸ǰףԪһ˼ҾѾȫˡ
һСɫɫ׳ʵǰϺһŴɫֽɷ³ǰ꿼ع
ӵŮѾѵ÷ʢ͡һһֱһɰģЦпСŮ˵ţɰҪţĿҲҪţһҪȫûҲûϵڼһԵҪ㡣
ɿٳ㣬صĵͷղ졣ѾǵβμӿˡĬĬһһҪȫִ￼˳μӿԡ
һھ˵ǰҪȿԲ࣬Ȼһɫ졢Ų֪ģֵֹĶɺ꣬һֱû߳ţһοԷˡ
ڶǵͬ˵ҪͨԣȡһְĻһҪȥɽһɷŵȥˡҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ꽻ӡΪͣɲ̫֣ʵɲЪЪͣͣڶ쿼ûϡ
ɱҲԽɹûʲôȤֻһθֵҹȥͷһڼеİ¹⡣˵ǹ˾ĸ˾֣Ϊɹڶӵ
ԺһĻ͵͵ͷ£ÿտǵ㾫ʳŬ鿼ԣҲΪһԻСӡ׿Ϊ˿ȡ˾Сɹ٣ÿͷʮˣŮССͷͺˣ޲ȥ
һ׼ͷ϶ϵһ״ɹĺ˺˫ȭԼͺװķıĴӣ߳š
СüͣСñʤ
һţͿվűߣЦüΪԪֵǶ̽ͷ
ɣκúÿ
ɣһС
ɣϲ

ھΪ͹ľͬϺ㣬ǵͨ죬̫˼ˡ
εЦţСĴǻӻ˵ллͷŵˡ
Һʱܸĵ˸ߵ簡ó
һĿɹԵȥͻȻ·ðһֻһֱͲͣߴߴСӣμӵң԰
ûòܻϵڱֺ¡
֪Ƿǰҿ˿Χûˣģֻ100ʯ˵ǰιһŵɫĲֽ
ʹ𰸣㲻Ҫ𣿡񾫲ɣѾǵһβμӿ˰ɣѵĸĸֵʧѵö㱧ھʧ𣿡
ˣΪʹǣȻ÷˵úеǴ
ɺԲԲ۾ɻÿô˲μӵԣΪʲôƫƫң
һȰѽһⲻǸԵҿóС
ͷգգ۾бֳ
£˵Ǹӻ100ʯ˵˰ɡ
ߣ˵ΪʲôҪ˵ﲻɾһһࡣ
ʱ֦϶һֻȫ˳ɫëһֻںڹ
СӣϽɣȻ㶼ûʱ䱳ˡ񾫼ɳٳٲ𸴣ߴٵ
ò͵ģһݣʹһʯ߽ҩ޲ܴ鵤ջΡ
ǣС񾫣ܡͻȻһֻȮŻ˾ˣһ⡣
ֻ񾫼һųٷգҪ޵
һ±ƵվԭأûӦʲôͱסˡ
ٴγһӣҲС
Ǻôĵӣѵ֪𣿡һգ˲ӷֱסɺͷ񾫡
ɾԼԩͼͣˣû⡣ֻȥ·˵ضѡ
ȥ˾ܵ˵Ȯϵµ˵
Щˣ᲻ԾľµˣһҪȥѽȥ˾һʱġ
˲Ϊ÷ǰߡ
ˣܲҿԣٽܵ飿ԩˣûͲֻ񾫡
ӻ˾̫ɹƨˣѾ˰硣Σٴδ˿ԡ
ɾ̫ˡ
ؼҵ·ȥ̧ͷ˿нӲӵ̫̾˿Ҳע¹Ե
£ÿŶɫСԪƿɴͷɥӣһ˿˿ͬģǵһμҪùࡣ
ƨûõͬġ
ĸˮ˴󵨣ɹ̫ĽɫͻȻŭ
׽ŵһҪˤȥƴĴʪĳȴôҲɲֻøɲˤɵĻ
ɿŻȻʪܣȫӰĽףûо˲ָԪѵ쿴̫ùһֻôƯСָͷ㣬ǼҲмûԹˣ촽еˡ
ü䣬õĽ׷ָȥĵë˳ģúѽ֪ζʲ
ױˣѪӿ˳ŭ𣺡󵨣͵ˣңҵϷ񡣡
˵ʲôֻһֱǹ
Ǽ𣿻ữ𣿡СĵıŽʵǼͲܳˡ
ܻ͵ȻĻ
֪ˣ֪ˣֻһֻͨļɼһֱΪǺˣΪ˵ڲ㣬££ԡ
ô˵ţȻȴǣ⼦̫ˣȥëû⣬ʵٳԡ
ɰ㸧˳ëĵȻֻṾԺͽ㹾ϲϲ֣
Ǽܳԡ׿ҪֻԼҪըϽſԪƣԪơ
պ֣ӦģȻӦԼƺ˸ʵĵˣͲĻܳ
ɼһֱϲͺáķģһ÷ʷֵġ
Ԫƶһĵץ֪ĵʵ뷨ֻΪԼҵһ˼ңǲ˲ῪĵԹ˵£Ȼҵ֮úУС˾ȻȥˡһҪչ˺Լ˵ˣ˾ȥŶ˵ܼ򵥡
ˤˣ»ˣСıŹһԺӾͿĵĴ󺰣ףǿҼһֻƯСʿ϶Ҳ
ɵĻ˳ãɻˣﻹΪҪһأ÷׼ȥ
ҲųˣɣĿǲǺܼ򵥰ôͿˡ
СãҺ͵ΪĿԣɶûȥû뵽ͻˡҲˡ
˭ûע⵽ֻһɻͿʼһһʡ
ɵͷḧŹëεСף磬ҡûɡ

2

һ޲ɴ۾ȵؿɣǶһ׼һвغͷնͣΪʲôΪʲôûɰǲǱ˥ˣ
ɼ򵥰Լù˵һ飬ļ磬οû£û£Ҳϣȥʲô˾ֿ࣬Ҳãʺ㡣
ǰСãģѹ겻ˣҪ㲻͡˵˵žͿˣ治֪СʺʲôȻɻĽףûԵĽ˵Ҫǲֻɡ͸ԺΧ
лл硣ǰһ棬պñϡ
һ죺ŮˣֵϷ񡣡
Ļ۵СŮֻεЦЦҲգҲϣСŮȥ浱ۡ˵ӣָɹǵط۸
ףȥιЩԵģ̫ˣȥëƶûʲôˡ
ĻŽףͬĵͷȷʵ̫ˣ⻹ǴʲۡҰɣȥιȳԷ˵žҪӹס
֪һһֱɻǸ߼󣬲ŲЩʳοɵŲʡ
ɿŽװС飬úÿɰϲĽףģֻҡ
ĻͷðɣϽ꣬ȥιɡ
ɿٵİڷȲıŽ󿴿ҿûʲôʺԵġ
ǰһιĿ飬ǳԹӵġ׸ףֻ˹ӵİס룬ò𲻴󣬱Ҩһ׷ŵһľ
ŽףľԺӣǱɹ̫߳緹ɡ
վڵϻųסԼ۾ʵڲ뿴ףŮܱܲ԰ɡ
ɼһԴȻ򣺡ǲǾøɰȥ㵹ˮ
ֶһˮ˽׵ǰԼԴڵֱؿŽס
ôѽͷɻؿף˳˳׵ë㲻ԣôܳأԣԡ
˵ţɶľս׵⡣
ֻ׽ͷһ࣬㿪ˡԵģԲԵġ
ë˾ͷߣ˷Ż
ɣڸأŹԺӣ׼ʼȦ
硣СһƺۿתίӣǲˣԶ
ɵͷοû£ø
³һף׺ʱܹ˴ʱòУצӺĴ
ƾۼһɵɫƷڽ׵ͷϣһ£оһϮȫ̾
ˣ嶼ˣոΪȫʪĲŲԵġ潫ɻһӣתϵľ룬ֻеһͷߡ
ɰȻˡȥʢۼҵʣʣ˹׼ԡ
˸Ļܵʣʣʢһ̫ɣԵ쵽˵ˮˮµˣһЩζϣȻȡ
׿һĶһθھͷߣŮʳʵڿ¡
ɿײͣų򣬿ĵĳ˵磬Ȼûⷹ˺ÿѽ
ܷ۵ĻҪüٸˡŮ˵ʲôʱߣڷ裬ôͱֵúܿˡ
˼γ벻ͨëˣôȻɲŰҲѵǲһˮɣָ֮ǰֻίŮ֮¡
ɱף˵ǰԣ˺óŶ
ԣͷŤһԣԱ߻ԼĵӰڵԼȷʵһֻͨļ
࣬࣬ԼĶӷھȻˡǰʳֻǵʱ򷢵죬ȴ˱Ʒ
ɼȻΪ룺ǲҪι㰡
Ҫ׻شԹ˵˵Ҩһι׽죬ţܳⷹȻԼ޸֮ʱֻܱ׸
֪֮󣬾Ȼõ˿죬һ׷ι
ƺǰѳԡ
ɼ׳ˣιһڣó𣿡
ҲȷʵˣǾɱ֮ǰȶûԼζȻҺŪĺóԣҲǿڡ
ģʲôƣܽʳǰԵɽ亣ζȡ
׳˼ں󣬾òôˣ㲻ٳˡһܽԼƷζ䵽ʣʣˣܱʣֻҪֻ±ɡ
ɼײٳˣΪǳԱˣЦ˵ųԼھͱˣ㻹
Աôæ˰ᣬڽˣһ㵾ݣġ
һ߸Ž˳˳ëһ߿Ŵõļ￪ĵлл硣Բðˡ
ȥϲϲɽ׷ŵ˼ĵϣԹԵĴٹ
ֻṾ˵ϲ˯Ĵ󴲣ҲҲ˵ʲôˣһⷬҲˡ
̫͸ľ֮ķ϶ɹ˼ɹ˽׵ϣɹġ׽ͷԼĳУڵϡ
ŤӵʱɿĶһɫӰɼ֣Ϊµ
ܽ˯û˯ؽ𣬷ĶƤƿƤë鿴
ױͻĶһŷӦŭңᱡ񣬻ġҪŮˣʲôŮܲס
ףûеɼûµʧŻؼﵾϣ빾µͲˣÿһҲ
ʧת뿪ϴθ˼ҵļִַһµĹݣ֮ǰΪûгԺõģιһЩЩõģ˵µ
ͻȻ²ȵһһ顣
ɽʳⱾ飬ͻȻƵƮУ͸һҳҳۻٱ󷭶ʳܺͼ˲ɵγһĻ档鷭һҳʱ۳һɵ֣һʹͷͻȻһɫɽαǡ
ͻȻ˼Ѫһòľʳ˼Ȥʳĺʳչ֡
Ѿ׼ˣչȥʵףﻹж뵥ŪЩʳùԳԱ
Ļû뵽ɶģȥʲô¶ȶȡ
Ļ˲ˮ֣ߵһԣ¨óһװ׵Ķݸɡ
ҪʲôĻʣ֪Ůϲ
ˮ嶹ɽ鶹гС飬ִһľۻϣкõĶŽ˴ɢĵȫһ鵰Һ
֮ǰȺõĹﵹͣð̵ʱ򣬽õҺĶŽȥ壬嵽ɫ档
ĻûҺĶͦģʵɣô뵽Һ
뵽ģڼһɽʳ̵ġɲͣķŶ¶̫߼ˡ

3

ɽĻطе죬벻˵
ţɽǸ֣ⱾͻȻԺģ֪˭ġ
ɼ嶹ɫ涼ѾƣҨһСˮӵžĴ͡
ĻˣæǸϣҲû˼ȥɽǱʳףæôͣ㵹ôˮʱɱ˵ɡ
ɲϣûǱ飬֪ҪôŪ˵ģһעġ
ˮɵĲ࣬ɼ˵ζϣϴл
ζ磬Ļˮ嶹ģҲȻԼǰ̫СŮˣԭŮڳշ滹Щ츳˵˵
˲׽β˵עʦĸ߼Ϊʳ˵鵤ΪʦΪҲͨʳ
ʲô֪ƾΪҲ޷ͨĲȱʳ
Ļɶ̶һɻôˣɣ
û߳ԹʳǳŽԼ۵ָ⣬ڶһ㣬ûκα仯ֻϷһϸ̻Ʈߡ
ΪȻ̫ͣһʳԣ˵޳ɻ˵Сˡ
û˵ʳֻ˵Щ˻һЩ߼ҩԼ鵤ΪҩֶԶǲõġĻһ鶹Ľǳ˳ɣóԣ˵ҺֱۣӼĶ涼ǽӲġҪϲƳҪҪҹϵĸѧϰһ£
ۣ㰡ŵζҲ˳һԶҳģʵڵֵסõȲƽʲôòˡ
ģ벻ɣĻüЦ˵
ţ˴ĴָҼҹŮ
ɴСǵһ˵ĳɾ͸УΪһ̶˾ģɽʳϵĲҪȫѧᣬʹûܳΪʳҲǵʳȻΪɽһ񣬲˵ûõĿһ塣
ڵõ˵һº󣬼һ鶹һЩ׷Ŷ˸ԡ
ʱĽҲ˯ˣ̫٣ͿʼùֱС
ɵֽױ˳ɹ¹ඡ
׿϶ŵˮ嶹ⲻǵʳ𣿿ǱԼҵˣˡ
Ҳһ룬ʣһǰµ˴ȥǳͻȻţҲûԻ˳ʳѡµ˴ȥҲΪһֻ׵ļ
ʳ󣬾ָһЩˡ
βɴߴ٣ȥŶ׷ζŮеô
ⶹôûйӿĸо
ڵϣ˫ֳԴֱضŽǰʳ̾˿ʳԣ˵ɾϧΪУܸעͽͳ԰ɣӰ㳤С
˵ţָ˽׵ëϲĸоױɶȫëô°ɣ
粻ҳԣΪСϾ͸è׵ǰסԼھͿ˵룬һǶû
Ϊĵŭ޴йֻԼ
ɴ׽ȫ꣬Ϊõ㽫׷ŵϣһ˫ֺʮᶯָ⣬ȡ¹֮
ױĵؿɣͦ׼ǽŹ˰ɶûж
ôˣɻûӣ㵽ԺѰһƣεҡҡͷ߹ȥļ򣺡ɣѣ˾ͻ˯䵽
۾ͷЩ˼ĿŸ磺˯ˣܸοΪҾİÿҶ˯š
ֻܸʮ֣츳ڷŬ
֪ûС
׼׷Żؼĵϣǽצһֱɵ·ɣܵýںڵ۾ֱضС䣬˯Ǳӡ
硣ɿŽ׵۾ƺ˿ĸоؿ棺ܴܲ˯
㲻һʺô죿治ԼӾȻҪһ˯
һⶼһʲô˰ŲôûƷشС㡣̲ߣôҲãʶԭͰˣȫΪֻͨļȻڵû
׾Լôȥڻ̫õĻᱬըըʱСըɽԼһ
ԼĻһڣֿʼĽųѪۣžЩ
磬ô˵ˡɸϽױץӸ硣
ڲ¶˽׵𲻸ˣҸ˵ģһҲࡣ
û취˭һֱС赽أʳĶֻԼȥɣȥɣõ￴ְ˵
֪ˣǵŶɱŹͷҲصԼܡ
ˮϴ󣬸Ҳϴһ裬ë˳ˡ
ɰֵıŽѣǺñӣˣ˯ɡ
ױɱؿ͸ֻϵȥǸоЩʹɿ֣˯״صĴڻˣ
һɶûٷû뵽˯໹ͦãһϱһƲ䡣
Сĵزűӣһվɵǰ֮ǰΪһֱǵûúÿŮ˵ĳࡣԲǸһԲĴ۾ӣҰС죬һ飬Ȼǳһ࣬ɽĻԶˡ
״Ӵϱվڴ͸̫Ϣ̫֮
ڴ˯˸Ťͷױ۾վ̫£ֻſȡ֮һЦһеĲͼ˵ļӵİɣ˺һοɸ鰮¡
ǲҲһİأѽʲôأԼԴߺԼĻ롣
һſ۾ͿɰȾ޵ĺɫΣδĺ촽첻֪˵ʲô
ôɵ촽һһϣһʱ죬Ȼ
侲һ̧ͷ׶ӣ뵽ǻĹ£Щ˼ף˸⣺û뵽ôڿ졣
װԼովȻŮ˹ƻҪԱ񡣽׽ͷŤһ߰ţ
ʰԼͽףȥ緹緹оʳ˵Ժܿ¸ҫ鹣붼
ɳֻĻһææ⣬ûŵ͸磬ʵ͸أ
˼٣һȥɹջѹĲˡĻ˵ţҲûͣɨż
ɿĻ۳һͷ⣺ﲻɨ飬Զִɨ۰
ҲΪ˶壬ʲôƶҪϻˡĻֱЦ˵ˣɣɹ˵ýˡζҪȥϲϲȼ˵Ȼһֱɵľܾʱȥˣﵣ޲ȥġ
ɱŽڸ˳ëСһţɹᣬ˵ˣҪ
Ļֿ̯ģһ򿪷ŵŮǰɹ˵ˣһԵҲͦǰ;ģȻֻɹ˾Сɹ٣ԺǨֵԪֻиСӣ޹ȥ϶ʳǡ
Ƴһǻ񣬸߸׳׳۾ƤǽСɫȻеİ¹⣬ҲȥɣֻǱ̫࣬еˡôе죬ܾ
ױĵĿһɣȻ̲ߵˣҲ˲ץ𰸵ɹкϷඡ
ɣôҪҪĻڴĿɡ
룬ҡҡͷϲˣҲںԷûǮֲֻǮӡ
ɰʵɣϲǸ˿ɽǶ޵ġﲻܣ㲻ҲҪѾԼˣ¥档
֪жִԸٷ̾ðɣҴȥҲһܿҡ
ĻɵͷЦ˭˵ģҼôƯϵϹӡ
֮ԱǣܿǶ񲻺á
ɿЦԸȥףΪ֮ǰܾĶˣԪЦˣ׶ˡ
Ҳûʲô׼Ž׾ߡŽȥϹ䣬ûʺϳﴩװ
̧ȴĻסˣŮҲ磿
ɵͷ˿ԼѣͦõģˣһԸ
вСĻһӣɻһֻڴŴɫպ촽ϵ˵㡣
һװŷš

4

׿ᱡƮݵӳɢǳɫʣҺ콥ɫɵƤ͸죬ȷʵƽһͨİɫӷÿࡣ
ɱŽεĽֵԪ֡
ĵ̽öι״һķǰԳƣİڷźװθݷˮ˵Ҫþͱߵ̵Ҫߵ̵ͱݷˮ̡
ˣҪˮɻһŵͼ˵㻭һͼҪǧʯôࡣ״ĵĶƷ෱࣬û򲻵ģֻ벻
ɱѹ˳ԵģǵϿþôЩϧһԺĳɾɣĴˣҪ
ٺ٣ٺ٣ŲԾЦ˳׼һ飬ֻԼһ԰Ρ
ɴŽ߽һ챦իĵطȻҪô͸ʺϵ
챦ի氲缦̨ſһֻɫĳȮĶ̧ӣǰȴӹ̨һԾʱѾһͷ׷Ŀӡ
˫ָϸ˿бŵĽףָָһЦСﱧŵĵϡ棬𣿡
ɺɵĿ׷ϰ壺ϰ壬㿴˰ɣһֻͨļ
ϰЦС㿴ʲô
Ȯôôʣ
һɣǶ֪ĲãǰǰҲֻԭΪȮĵһˡ
ԪȭڴһЦСﲻ֪ԼһСʲô
룺𣿡
ۣԪеʯ˫ȽؿںľأҪǸʲô
Ҳ֪ŵͷҪɽ۸
˵۾Ϳʳʳ
ỹ֪ʳǿǺöʳΪ
𣿡ɺԲԲĴ۾˷ܵؿŰԪ󣺡𣿡
УǺŪĶҪôԪ̧˳ʳָָס
񻤱һ˽ףܣ㲻ˡ
ཱུıŽ߳챦իСŶԽ˵ģһ᲻Ҫġ
һ¡ԪһͻȻǰסȥ·ҪۣҪȥңļͿˡ
˵һƵʧˡ
ɿŻĽף𣿿ǹ˵ѽɽִŽ׹˼ҵ꣬ҵһܴӴСǿʽǳʺϽ״磬Ҫ150ʯ˲еǮ
׿۵ӣﲻˬˡܸң۸ʲôСͲҪŲҪ
ԥ˰Σ߳ҵֻ꣬ǸǮӲӵ硣ϣһʧֻ׵ë˶ѡ
ҲоȺģһڣͦߡ
ɲҪҰȻҾͳȫ㡣ҪǵñŶȻҾͰˡ
ɾô߹䣬һȥˣ¥˸¥ߵλ£Կֵ龰ϲλá
Աߵϣһݲࡣ
ʱ¥ݴһߴˣһɣüҲŵˮˣץİɡ
ɶλϣϳϵŮˣ㡣
ɼæڰ֣òҡҡͷǣǣҡ
׶ȥǴˣһ׳ա
ٴο˿̧ͷϸ˿ɣ϶㡣
ɺµһԱߵĽ׵Լǰ˵˲ҡ
æһʧڳǰ㶵Ŀǰһſô𣿶ԸԼݡ
Լǲ˵̫࣬ŵҡ
ɷ½ףֳǽԪһսǴƴĴǸ˾ɹôΪ£׷š

5

׿۵òò˷ظҡҡͷܼװ۳ΪҲ̫˰ɡ
˵ɵΪƻЩ˺һЩСմ˼ĸСӣɽ硣
ΪǼСŮĸ綼ȽϳѧһֱûôѧͲǶϡͬһѧϰǣ츳Ĵ󶼿ԶԽͽȥնħеѾɹ˾
Ѿμӹ˼ͻڼϵģû
ϢˣŽ׵һ·̯һƤԸһγԱΪǵһݣͦġ
׿ˣ˸ã̾һŮ˳ô࣬һŮʶûѹÿ׺󶼱ܾٴⲢ̺ˣǿԿʩһأָˣС١
ɻصҹȻ⵽һں䣬֪ԭǸ˾׶Լһ
Ļεɣһӣͷֲͣ½ǣˣ浣ŮԺΪ޲ȥŮɹһ
ɹűý˵£ԼȴǼ޲ȥŮʱܸɱͼ޲ȥˡ
ΧЩѹ֣ԾһգպһϢûߴҡ
ƣ˵ע˵ˣͱϹˡⲻûȢء
ĻûվԼߣݺݵһۡһȻͷɣҲǹ
Ҫ˵ϢûĻŭӵĿ⣬ٿ˵
Ϣ֣˵Ŀ⣬˸Ĵ۾ڲõͷ㰤ˡ
вˡĵЦ
ʲô˷̲ܵסԾʲôԸɣֻҪﱻһʮε߶
Ҳͦģܸʲô¡
ɣշǳгյ츳Щѹϵɹʳ˾˸¡Ըȥ𣿡
ɸϽͷе˵ԸԸ⣬лл
ĻһɵֱûŪʲôȥʲôȥתۿʳ˾ʲôɨϴ룬ɿɲȥ
ҲģĸǴӵײİЩżײȥ
ʳ˾˾ǷҸ顣Ȼǻ飬϶ɸɨϴ͵ȵĲ¡
⻹ࡣĻˣǲĵĶɣȥɱôӡ۸˾Ҫ۸ȥԼȥҸߵ
֪ˣҳô㿴˭۸ҡţʳ˾Ĳһá
ڴ˫ֳ𹾹˷ܵĿ˯һֱ߶߶˵ţ̫ˣҾҪȥʳ˾ˡҳѧˣóԵģװֵġ
ɼһϵĺ϶ֻèˡ
ɽһҪչ˺ýףһ϶ܳٵŵîǰŵʳ˾
ʳ˾˾ʯɳæЦӭ˫ֱȭҾ磬ɰɡ
ǰǰСŮɣԺҪչˡ
ʯһɶµӣͷ϶ġȻ˵Ѿ˵ĳաȴ𣬸²ˡв˺һЩըСʳ
ʯûиŮϴɨӻ뿪ˡ
ɸʯš󿴿ҿʲô棬Ȼǵһɹȷǵһʳ˾ҲǵһοôḻʳģЩûʳġ
ʯһһ߽ɣɣʳ˾ָ˾˾רŸʳĵطȥ˾רŸɹ˾ɹʳ
֪ˣһúġӦ
ˣ
ÿÿšһͷССĳŶԼ˶һˮ߳ţʯͣòĺһ˾֡
ţôĶһˮȥģ
˾Ҷ˵˾ȥɱСͷð˵㺹
ȥɡʯ˻֣˽ȥ
ɿļýܵģЩͣǰæµӰ
ʯǱһŴɫŮ֣Ůһվǰ
ʯܵɣšֶ˵˾˾졣
ɹɵĶЦЦ˾֡
쿴ûһֻۣǶʯ˵˾֣вɹ˵ǵĲƷ
յĲ˵»𣿡ʯüЩɹ̫źˣյ˵ǵĲ˲óԡ
ȥٵһ¿ζɡһҪȥ˾Ǳ߿ʯЩʱʵڱЩɹַˡ
ʯһߣĿɣָָԱ̨߰ϵĵӣȥյӰʳ׼һ£ϴɾ㡣

6

ӿˣ˵˲࣬رĴҪʰʲôʱ򰡡
ȥʲôǰЩƷҪġ쿴ϵɣرˬ뵱˸Ǵӳ𣬶ʸǸ⣬ƾʲôһҲš
ŵȥʳģ𿴹ʳĵŵһμɣСİɣЩʳļаõĶ𣿡
ɿյֻжܼˡ
ҰɡԱͻȻһ
ѰȥǸС
С꣬Ұ㡣
ллҽɣš
һȷʵɲ١
һš϶ܻ˰ɡСĽ
Щ˼һ㡣
СյɶС˵ǲʰʳĵģ϶켵㣬Щ
ҶûʲôＵңɲ⡣
СɲϣϾǺ죬Ҳö˵ʲô
Ѳÿһµģ͵ѵ⡣
ڿСһϴʳʱ㳯˹ȥС꣬¶ˣ
Сͷˡ
㲻һֱ뵱ʦ𣿼Ȼˣȥѧϰ
С곯գգۣÿ˵Լ𣿡
Цųӻ֣һŰСҲ˵Ķԣһ͸
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ڸǰϴкʳġһЩʳİղƷϣ¹ӻᴮζɾĹٴϴһ飬׼ﵹˮȴǳסˡ
ŭĿ˾йҰţ˭³ģ
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㡭챻һ뿪ˣˣҲö˳ȥɹʳá
Ա߿Ϸ˶˽
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ˮȻϹࡣһˮշУȻԲ⡢轴ˮ
С겻֪ʱ˹ɽ㣬ʲôѽ𣿡
ɶӵˮ˳СΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳ûнһʳ׵˵ȥ۾Ϲ˵ǵģǱСʱԹúܺóԣֿʳģȱһඹ֪ζ᲻᲻һ
Ȼô˵ʵҲûʹඹӦòҲɡ
С촽۾ֱؿǹʳģζѾϵشӣЩͲס뿪ǡ
ҲòȥζĿˮҪˡؿֿǹڼˮտˡ
Сɶ죬ƿߵĹǣŤͷʵҪô
ɼôԼҲֵУЦָӵ㽫װӵˮϣȻӵ۹;Ϳˡ
úһҳһӨ͸Ϻɫ轡ԲͰɫӣɫζõ˺
̫óˣ壬áɽ㣬̫ˡСʣµһһȫˡ
ܵҵıЩԵãϧڣȻ϶ҪתȦȦҵԼļֵѡȷġ
ߵҲ˹һӣ˵ѵҸ˵㲻㾹ҵԷ磿ʳ˷ˣ⳥ٺ»ۡ
û˶ǹӣһ˶ȣС꣬û
Сһͷ͵͵һɣһ죬Ϊѡ
ôóԵĶõÿϧ²ĻԼԺ󱻴СЬϾڻֻһһûɣֻǸСʱץİѱʳ˾
ѵõûţ˲һξͻеڶεΣβϷġ
ѾţƷģûʸ񵹵˵ŵǹƷǰһ˫Ĵ۾죬ʱ׼űʳ

7

ɵԸһֱǱȽ񾭣仡һС¶ƽϣҲᳳܡ˿ǺƢǿԼţûһļ
Լ֪ѾڷˣǰѾࡢǿˡ
ҿСࣺ
ƢҲ̫˰ɡ
ǰ
ңҪȥˡ
Ҳ˵˵ɣҲҡ
û˵ۣǹӵɴ۾졣
һѲִˣһ˱ѵ󶼻ԹδЩܲˣСûȥǹƷֻԼ߹ȥƿɡ
֪ܴ󣬽Ƕڵ棬벽δƶ
㲻Ҫǿģûġ˵ŤͷС˵С꣬ȥһ˾ֹ֣
С̧ͷ죬ҪҪȥֻ첱Ӵ֣־һƴȥȴɽסˡ
סƿ̬Ƶأ㲻ҪûģҲܵġ
ƿת˸ǹƷʧǰ
Сվߣôײ£϶к̨Ǹ̨ܾ˾֣ԺҪĴȡ
ʹٴ󣬶ôһƷʵ߲ԶֻǿԼ͵˾ſڣСһҴҸ˾֡
˾ּɶôһæСæ˿һƷСţɲ˲ͷĺվֱӳʯ
ʯȥ̾һְԵ飬ѾöˡÿζǶһ²һµ˵˼ˣǴһϢˣɼ˾˾ֵŮżﱳЩ޿֣һȥҲ̫ϡ
Сһʯ˼Ȼ׷£ϺµˡڴɣϣɲҪ׷Ź죬ϣܸһѵô۸ˣСǿɱ۸ˣر޿С
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СһˣôõĻᣬɶãһ죬Ժֻš
ʯô˵Ҳһɻҧ²šһɼ˾˾ֵŮһʱĴ磬߶õֻŪԼ²̨
Ҵһúý죬㲻õġ
˫ֽ汳ڱظʯԣһҲո˷ͻӣС꿴ɣ֪ĽĴǼȱ
ʯ߽˾Ҷ쳤ӵĿ֣֪
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û뵽ⷴҧһڵıô󣬱ԼҲûΪ˾֣Ϊѵӣ׼Ǹ˵ģ̬ȣôӵġ
ʵǲ̫ᳳܣ˰죬һ䣺治Ҫ

8

˾ּýˣæסְģ찡ʱ䵽ˣϽȥ׼ϲ˰ɣɹǾҪˡ
ʯԼЦˣҲ̫ѿ̫ѿջسΧԼȺûʱ䵽ˣʲôϽȥˡ
뿪ˣɿԶӰͷСһƷ˳ȥ
ʯסָһ˼빤޷Ǿǰıһ£ɲҪȻһС۵ӿܻᱨҪǱǼٹ˽ĳɼˡ
Ҳû˼ȥÿҶƷķӦˣŹԼûԾѻĻص˼ҡ
ԺܵĻĽף߹ȥס𣬸˳ëĽҪһûзվͺˡ
߽ӣĻһ±飬װźܿĵӣһˡ
ɻˣô۲۰
ͦõģҺϲ緹𣿡
ĻһɵͷˣСﰡղԺʳء
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׼߽Ժ޾ɵӣ֪Ů˽϶Կˡ
ճԵıõķϾͺİοһɡɵգﹾĽлš
ƮԶ˼˻ЦЦڰο𣿡
ױǰǵĽͷڽϲ˲䣬ýģǳԶ㣬鲻þռ˰ɡ
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״Ӵȥֱĵ˷ڵĺľϣëֽд֣
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⣬⣬ⲻǹ˾ĸ˾ǫhİ¹⣬ɰ롣
һʱĲ֪Ҳ˵ϣĶð˺飬һһţðǰ㿴ǫh⣬Ľɹǽ𣿡
һƤȫͷһǰˣߣˮ׼ûϢŮôŵ룬ɿΣƻᱻ˧ʧУ˯ŵġ
ǫh۾˵ĸоƺǺ飬ɿ̵һƴԼ򼤶ȵӡ
Ӳؽšǫhⲻ֪ɵ뷨һֱڶΪԼŵˡ
ͷҡĸ˹һңңҲš
ͣûϢŤͷ뿴ɵԱǸɵģе㲻̫³ȥɵСȣԼĵԽ
ǫhƳһᣬǰչӣǹ˾Ϊףٳٰһɳѵһõǰ׵ɳɼ͵õֵȵʯ

9

۵Ŀǫh⣬û˵ʲôֻ֪Լһֱڵͷ¹˵ʲôʲô
˰죬춼ˣûӦŲҪμʲôɳ̫ˣ̫ķóɣȻûа취ֻͽצͬʱýźݺСȶӵͬʱݺҧһ
ɴʱŴԼĻʹľؿףڻָ
ôˣʹǫh⿴ͻȻüͷһ壬ҪСȡ
û£û¡ֻѹɱ𹾹վֱ壬뱻ǫhΪԼ̫ˡ
ǩ־Ϳˡǫhָչľ飬ʳָ˵㣬һǩѾ100ֻɳ豨ˡ
Ŷᶯʳָڿ黯ʣϱ͹֡
ǫhպþл׵ͷڴĺóɼ˵ʧǰ
ߵؿɣӶ㶼㶼ҲŲȥμӵġ
ͷȻЩԲף˼Ҷû벻μɳˡ
ײ뿴ûأΪһֻɫͰˡΪʲôҪɼˡ
Ҳ׵Ĳˣֻһ·ϱͣظ˳ëһֱ޷ǾΪãɼ׬öʯʱʯȫһֶãһֱǸ⣬Ժ󹾹ֻҪӮһú÷
ٴƢҲֻʣûлˡ
ڿ쵽ʳ˾ĹսǴ׼ΧûˣʾɷŴ۾ŽףĲ⣺㲻һȥ𣿲ұˣ
ε̯ƣóëţɾЩ⣬Ҫ֣׼״һֻѹסɵ֣дȥ
ڽ˵дһ־дһűдëдúۣһֱԼֻ࣬ܿԼԲ
׶˰Σ׹Ŷһ֪ˡҪСŶΣ㰲ȫҪǧҪץˡ
׵ͷǳԼеĵλŮ˻еĵģ֪İΣҪðɣôűķϣζҪһǸˡ
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׷ȥйҪȥʱС߿ĺɽ㣬ȵҡ
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û뵽ԼɽʳʳôܻӭǼһﰡ
ֹأʱִǰһ˾˵ƷǱߵĸ˾صһƷ˵Ҫȥ˾أ
Сðۿɣɽ㣬ȥ˾϶ܻԻڴʱҪЯСܰ
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ʱʯѾ˫ָˡһӭȥ˳һʾҰ̧ڿửʣ漴һʺӡľᡣ
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ɵͷ飬ȻҪμɳòʱгͻΧ˶ƹϲɣܱѡϵٳţʳ˾˵ϵҫҲζһ֮ң
ȺɢȥסʯߵСİμɳ½һ飬֪Ƿ뵱ŵĲص
ʯõģʱϲͻɳʱ䶼ʱΪɽиϰߣһ㶼îʱʼδʱûʲô¾ͿԻؼˡ
ɱҲûʲôõˣȥú˵ٰﹾúѵȡõǰɼ˵˵ˡ
ע⵽죬ŻҪɷжڲݴҺòݴԹߣȫû壬һ·춼û֡

10

׼ûתʳ˾ķߣһߣһ·ߵָʾƣ˾
ûҲӮֱȥӲӲ϶ʱ򻹻ᱻץױ߱룬뵱õ֣㴵һڣеǶﾫֲﾫ
ǰ´ڡȻûöֲɾǲûжﾫֲﾫװųOͣѵĴһ£ûδڶôѡͷڴȻϵķƺˡ
볯׷վǰ׳Ƴ׹˼䣬Ǳ˳ķˡ
׼ţڵ˹˾һֻЦŸ˵ʲô˱ȥˡǰˣԼߵԵĺ߶ƽˮݡ
ͻȻоʲôͷϣҲһ£Ǻü¡ˮ濴Լͷòж˫벦ٿϸ˫һͷǸоǡļһһȵ˺ƽĺ档
׼Цû㳢ʺζ
ʱǫhѾˣˮæȥʵƾԼֱӷϰû⣬ôôÿԽӽǫhĻأոʺǫh׾ϣһӿǫh⡣
ǫhое˵УЩġЩģ˦ˮ
첢֪Լͷϻһʺһϰװһܾģǫhϡ
ǫhĽȫȻһûס췢Ż£ƿ죬ﲻ˵Զ㡣
첻ŵĿǫh⣬µ
ǫhҲԼˣǰһο죬Ͻȥϴϴɣʲô´˵
Ҳ֪ʱԼǱȥֻᶪۡŹǼֻģȥ׽ǣ벻ɼ
ײ֪뷨Ǳ뿪ԼҲ˳ŲݴԼȥʳ˾ɡ
ɸպҪȥʳĿһЩʵʳģûͿ˲ݴĹҲ֪ΪʲôԼһ۾ܿݴԵסˣһۿ˽ס
æ˹ȥ𹾹Ӳ˲䣺ҵˣ㱻ץ
ֿʼǰǰµĲ鿴Źûˣĵɣڶα㿴ˣԺҪ𲻿ɡ
¶˲õЦݣ̫ˣû̫ˡ˵ְѽ׽§ڻС
ʯЩҪɣһ߽ӭֵһЦӸˡɵļ򣬾ͱ׵ĳĿбͷһʯ˭ɣŮ
ʯЩεİַŽףܾ̬ò죬￴벻
ɼʯһֱŽ׿Ŀһ£᲻ôʳ˾ɣ˾ֲҹʲôɡ
ɾؿʯڱлʳ˾֣ҵɳ裬ôẦߵġ
ŶŶŶҪμɳֻɣʯôǰĶﲻͨеļ
ɵͷ˾֣ûµĻҾȥ׼ˡ
ģɹǶ˾Ĳ˵һֱ΢ʣ㿴ܸܲƸƣһ顣
˼һᣬӦõġһȥ뿴ٸ𸴡
ʯ֮ǰٿһ۽ףʲôˣڣʵҲûļֻһЩϿ룬ڿôܻɵɳأӦֻǳɣ
ɿʼ˽ŵ׼ֻ䵽һˡʨͷ̨ϣԼһ⿪ʼ裬ӵζϣʳûмأֻƾķšˣΪһºͽյõܸоЩϵЩģܻ뿴Ц

11

СߵԣСʵû
̧ͷΧɨһȦû
׶һۣ׵ͷɹǲˣ̫ˡɶŹ͵͵˴Ĵָ
һ͹ըú󣬴һԼȳһڣⲻۡιһڸ׳ԣһԾ֪ġ˵ƽ³ͷǳʲôʳһ֪̾硣
˶ȫëóд塣
ɶˣƽֻźۣȴûŵ塣˺ܶ༦ƺ͵ֿٵн衣ֻһԿըú󣬹Ȼǳۡ
ʼһⶼըˣζ磬ְһȺ˸˹𼸸ҷųһ
ҳԹ۵衣
úóԣʲô
ҲûɶֱۣӾ˵ˣѽˡ
壬ԭˡһֱǶֻźۣըʨͷȽϣȽӲһλ˵ɣȷʵˢӣҷˡ
ɱ˵Щ˼Ⱦǳ죬ֻǿЦЦ
ʨͷһ˳ȥȻϣΪĲɫ
˵˾ɹ貹ṩɹţɹǶ˾ԽԽԹصʯҲùüΣþ͵űְϡԴ˺󣬲˵Ŀζı䣬⿵ķҲ䣬˾յĲԹˣǶûй鰡ʯ泩
һصҾʹŽ׻ط䣬Ž״ȦȦҵĴǡ
˵Űѽ׷ϣóֽ˾ΪٳˣʱҪѡʲôõĽ𣿡Ѿѽ׿ʦѣʲô鶼ֻҪľͿ϶û
վֱŲصҺ;ԼЩһˣǰ׶ۣպͷȫһҲø˳ˡ˰ҲûͨԭɣԪڵĻ
ɼһֱȥһֻشǲǶԶˣȥ㰮Եģϲɶдֽϣȥ
׿ɣͻȻ뵽ԴͿʼ仯ˣԿ
Ҳ磬ֻҪЩɾˣ̧׼ʣ֪ǱʾѾڰУ˻ӳǱҲųšЩϲû뵽Ҳָһ㣬ѡ֮Ŀָ
Ҳ˽׵ı仯Ŵ۾ؿŽףû뵽ײſʼУȻ٣Ҫ˶ʱΪͻᳬԼɲ֪ΪʲôԼȴôģЩĽΪ˾ͻ뿪Լ
óűɵֽдд̫࣬Ҳһã˵гʳףճζҪԼϰ
ɿֽϵĲԺֳҪʳģǲһʳģҪԼڼС
ʳûѰأ⻨β黼ʲôƷֵļҪȥҰ
ͻȻ۾һЦ⣬òƷְɣѵҪ𣿡
ɤ׼ɼ䣬뷴Ҳ֪ԼȻܽˣҲǼ㵽ûӰ
ɺͽ׽һ㶣ȷӦ˵ˣ̫ˡ˵ű𹾹Ľ§ǰ
ײ㱻Ŵſ񡣡
ûҪȥﻹи磬ץɵſңʱҪ˵
侲ؿŽףΪʲô
룬ȲԼݸ˵ûʲôۣץԼͲðˣϾʱ Լеѡ
⻰ֻ˵һ顣ҲǼֻʱģֻҪúźҾС
˫ֳԴգգ۾㲻Ǽʲô
ܸ㣬ܡ֮úôңҵҲָ
ҲʲôرصˣȻײԸ˵ҲͲˣҿ϶úô㡣ָˣ뿪𣿡
Ž׵ǲᣬ׿۾ĵĻ˵ǷʵҪ뿪һ𣿡
ҡҡͷ֪Ҵû뿪
ҲǷҪ֪𰸲ɣҲʱȥץǻβ黼ֻϳʳһ㶼˯ġ

12

ºڷߣɴŽŵߵԺԺţŪһ±֪ˣȥ
ţϣš
˸һһһ͵ǳﲻԶɽ׿һΧҡҡͷﲻУûƷ֣ɽеġ
ô죿֮ǰô˵þͲˡЩ֣ôһѵģ±﷢ְ
ҲΣ˽ЩΪɽеģӦҲУǸոһ⣬ûǸƷֵζ֪ԭʳϵĺܶʳɽеġѧʳôȥɽ
Ҳ֪ûС㲻ʳﶼʳҪȥɽɡ
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̾˿ѧʳҲԵɣġ
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صſʱƻͨһϵѾӰ١Ŀһ£ǵ﷢ˡ
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ĻõصɣʲôãΣܱ𣿡
׺˵ԼԣʵԱѡ֪ģ˵кܸߵΪΣգ϶ܱҡ
ױһ˵ĵһƬ⻹ǵһ뱧ɡ
ɴ۾ؿŽף˵ˣ
׼ҶڵĽֻͣðؾ˵һ飺ҽнףɽǱȥѾڻָʱҾͿԻָˡ
Ȼҫ˵ˣҲһҪȥɽҪʳ
㻹ǵ֮ǰ˵ɽʳ𣿡
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ʳָϥǣĿתɣأҲôʳ˾ĹʺϣԼʳ̣
һʼûôģû˳Զֻȷʵ̫ϲʳ˾Ĳ£˶飬¾ࡣ乾ûô˵Ҳÿʳ̵ⲻ
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Ļţӣôչɣ
ü˵˳Ļ֣һԼչ˺Լġ
Ҫ뼸ٸһɣ˵
Уɽǽɽзӡǽȥڵֻܴһ˽ȥ
顣ˣȥ˯ɡ˰֣Ի˷
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ɵڴԼӣÿιԪ֣ĽЩԼϰǣԼ

13

һͰѴǳʸдˡһ£ȥɽʳģĲ»ҪΪԺԼӿԴȴְ꣬ǾͳҪץʱ䣬ɳٳһº
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׷ǳɵĳĿһԼģ˼ȥķ磬Ǳ߿һҿ͵ʽͦʺ˾ģµġ
ʵƽʱ˾ôŵģ
ҧűʣŪĲһɫǼֻһΰɡ
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ɴ۾һգһգеëĵطЦҰ
ױɵЦۣȻȻɽĻ
ιιſڽǰ˻ӡ
׷Ӧٿ˵˾ʳ̫һôѭԽÿٵ㣬ÿ͵Ĳɫ༸ȻʳϣɹʲôԼʲôѡˣҲõڿѵ
ѽ̫ˣȻɱ𹾹ͻȻյǰһ½ס
ˣҺëڵ֧֧㣬ֵϷҡ
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ۣۣҶ㸺Ժɲ뿪ҡɿЦ˵
˴ϣ˫ֲͣĸŽĶӣضҪ˯ˡ
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ҲͦϲСèģɰļ䣺Ҫʳ̡
С۾Բˣʳ̣Ҫ𣿡ָָԼ
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14

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СһüëɷǱһֵסˡ
ɳҡҡͷԼʱֱСЬԼǰһüëһƾʲô
ǿɶϴιĻݣһҲûԵѵ
һƾʲôƾǸ˾֡
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Ϊ˵ҾŲҿҵɼ
ɼ˵ľͳȨɼյʻ
ԴϴǰûӺһֱᣬΪйһԼԹ֪Ҫ
ҵɼ˾˾֣˭˭룬˭˭
ɼԽԽЦеĶʵʹţɣҲû֪˵ĻǼٵġ
챻С˭ǰͽһʱŭͷһЩ֮ǰ˾ǸƳ֪ôͱҳɼ
컰䣬һ֮𣺡û뵽ɹȻ˵󣬼ٹ˽
һѾߵԣָڿлһȦ϶һȦɫĹá
ʱʯҲ˹ʯ˸񣺡»˾죬˵أλ˵ȥ˵ɼȥ˾һƳҪȥһ
֪Լ˵˻ǾСƢҲʾһСɹپץң֪֪Ҹ˭
Ҳ㸸˭ӷͬο㡣˵
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ʯ￩һ£ҲԸˣ˵ɣԼȥ˾õʱǣʧ
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챻ߵʱݺݵصһɣֻһƵӣˡ
ʯ˻֣ÿֵɢˣסȰ£ɿûһֱۣˡ
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Сһֱԣɽ㣬̫ˣû뵽Լİ֮£˾ö˹˯Ҫѡô֪Ǹɹ˵
Ǹɹ٣Σһ԰ذµģ۾ⲻɳˡ
Сż棬ô˽Ⱑ
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15

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ҲԼǷ˳죬˵ɹ٣Ļ˲ʱҵա
ĿѴɣϲõܵ಻˼
ɰڰ˵ûϵģ֮»İæ졣
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ףЩһҪúñɰ
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װıҪԣͬĵ˵ͷţԺȥﶼ㡣

16

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17

쿴ɻļ˵ˣֻһ˲ȥ׵ëȴ㿪ڨڨɳ裿ܿɰ
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׿ĻЦþֻҲԸԸ⡣
˵ǱߣųһС·Ѿһ£ַǷĽֵѾ·ֻżĹ·ˡ
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18

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ǵתĲǹһ۾ĳڷӡ
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19

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׼һֱɵ㶵ǵؿԼεֽϵ۲ɾˣǹ
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˵꣬뵽ʲôֲһ䣺ҷ䣬Ůܲס

20

˵꣬뵽ʲôֲһ䣺ҷ䣬Ůܲס
ཱུĻص䣬һɽԼոǴ͸ˣ϶ҪЦþáֻϣ첻ҪһҲԹ
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ŵ߹ȥûѶԷȻ˫ۿĻ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ļü˭ôҼˣ
ָָԼЦҰס
Ļ˵⹾óôǳ컹ҪӢϧǸȻɻͦʵġĻֻҪԷȥУҪǿ³òÿģõģԺµĺŴáǶԼ˵
վĻһͷжࣺҾʹȥɽˣʲôҪ𣿡
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Ļû˵ֻĽ׵ֱȻȥˡɶųʳ·ϡ
ڴϷתշһ϶û˯ţԽԽý̫ˣôˣЦһ˫èˣɫ㲡
׿ɵʱɫһôˣ
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׼ԼֱӴԼǰƮЩˬϲֲ岻ĸо
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ʰʲô·򡣡׿ߣʱĻ˴˸кʱˣǾˡ·һչ˺ɵģòġ

21

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Ѿû˴ˣѾɵûӰˡ
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ҪˡĻ˫ʹĴŽ׵ĺ󱳡
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ˣҲ˵ģⱻ֣ͷ˽׵ǰͷԼ޴ֺߵģһҲù֪ǵС˼Ȼɶˡ

22

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ҲоɵĲʣɽûһΪ˺ѽȥﳣ뿿ŨС
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ЦЦ촽ĸˡ

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ĽŲȵʵϣе뿪촽۾ںѰĴ۾һ۽ףֳ˳Լ촽춼û֪ˡ
׺ЦĿһϵеСͷ߰ɣɽ
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24

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25

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һ̯ǰ˺óĶӣɿһ̯ǰӣһ10ʯ10ӵ20ʯ20Դơ
׼ĿתĿ̯һֱ촽ϰԵ¶λ߲еĵĮǰ׼ֱҪӸɳԡ
֪Ŷӵ˲ˣιŶӣûô˰
׻ͷһѹѹĶ飬ûǸµˣֱӶ̯˵һݣ⵰ȫӡ
̯ﶯֻ̧ͣͷһ۽ףֵͷ̯λŶӡ
ľһϲԭʾˣҪΪΪܳʱûΡܳʱûεģܶ඼١ͨϰεһ㲻پ񡣵һ㶼ԼԣԸҲȥ
ԱЦСһ䣺ԭΪҲûȨ
ȻϲԣȴȼŭȺ־ȻʶɽϴǾȻʶд

26

Ҫ쭣Ԫ˹Ͻյ̯С˵˼䣬̯ŵ£С˲֪´ݹ٣Сʳϡ
ɿɫãӣüشյ߸˳ë˵˺ˣˡҪǵ߽ϣҲʶǺġ
׽ӹӣһ̯󣬴ɼǰߡתԽ׵ǰߣͷŽǵĮż¶ˬС飬ֻصǹǻᡣ
ʱȻ֪˵ʲôǹʱҲ¶һ
׽ӵݸɣһֱԼɵЦ̲סЦʲôôСˤӡ
ЦЦҡҡͷֻͻȻ㻹ǹʱֳˡ
԰ɣԶ²ס𣿡ײǶǺʷǿٱ鲻ǼǼôΪʱıǿġ
ɸҧһڼӣһֱ˺ĽűԼһֻŵĺŸߵһʱӲȣǳķ仡û뵽ҪԼվȣȥֹһڼӣζֱ˵Ҳ֪ԼǱܣˤȥܡ
ҺýһֱĶ˲䣬ѾסɵӵԼ
ɱͻȻһɴײ˽׵ĻںʳҲһ˳
վֱŽǰԼµһƬϽ˸óһ˿ڽǰֲ
ĿɵĶǰණȫ󣬿·ϻеɫּӴڽ׵ǰꡣ
һɲһĸооԼҲӵģҲȵġͻȻץסͼ֣һˡ
Χ۵Щ֪ɽģסԶԶĵȴɽķŭﶼΪɵ
ɲ˼ĵǸԲ·Ūˡ
ȥϴɾ
æͷǿ϶ģһϴĸµһ
תźĿŵϵļӣųһڣζûԳ͵ˡ
ɰڳǸˣ̾˿һɡ
ɿĵĽӹ׵ʯѸٳӵ̯ȥ
ϰ忴ˣ֪ɽߵˣҵϽҪʲô
ɰҪӵĸȫҪˣȻָһɫĶϰ壺Ǹʲô
Ǳ࣬ģȻըڼ˵ı
ָָϰˢĽϣʲô
ϰʱе㲻ˣ͵ʦȴԣµλ٣Ҽƽϡ
ǽﶼЩʲôѽúóԡȫûоղԣŲҪʵ̬ȼʡ
ܸĻǻܽϰûĵһɣĶ
εӣЩ죬ʱŷԼΪЩף˼Ϊ̫óˣԾѧŻôġ
ϰѾһɵʯѱݸɣֱӺһҪʲôϣ
űһһ±Ƶļͱ࣬ˢһƵĽ̫֭óˡ
ɿĵı߳ԱһһԣȥҾȿһӵ̯ӣ׬ǮӡԼһС
ЩĿϵıȷֻǺͨʳ
ޱȷɶûһҾͻȥϰ̯ͷԭϡ
ײÿɷͬˡʵֻҪʳʹѳԣɶǻܶġϾ˭벻ø
һ˾ôһ·ԳԹ䣬ԪƸԱ߸ǮɳԵ˺ܶɶûеʳۿɼĹԼɽֵ̫֮ˡ
ſֵǣⲨĲըˣһɽһӾȻû£ڵǮԵģɽСͷˣС̽ǴƱһҪСɽ˵ϵ
ԱˣɸŽ׻صɽԼ˵ڶժֲӵʱ䣬ԻطϢˡ
ӣѾԹ̫ΣƾͷȷʵһԾ֪ЩҪʳġֽϽ뵽ʳĺͽʱɣһ뵽ż¼¶ĳݵ飬ǾԾҲԽдԽо
ΪԵĺãϢĺãһˡϴúͥԺ˵ɫ޹²ݣɫľ޻ɶҲԼԺЩֻժһľ޻ƶһĻɻǵһμ
ֵɲǣֱסˣôŬҪջֱۣȴǲöյĴվԭأѵ⻨Ҳɾˣ

27

˼֮ʱһʻΧӴվɵǰ
ŮʳĻҲǸ߰ģ˭
ɿǰŮӣӣҵֱ۶ס𣿡
ŮӱɸһЩɵʱǵʹһˣǵģ˭ժҵĻˣ
ԭʻץ˸ţҲ֪Լժ̬ȺܺõĵǸԲҳէĹءҲժˣͰֱ۷ɡһֱֱŶˡ
ŮӲᣬԼ֪⣺СдǸõɽ谮Сӣ
ɲؿǰŮӣСʲôѽ֪޾ؾ˵˳
ŮӱĵؿһɣǴİһմ
Ů볰֮ʱһĵѽˡ
ʱԪЦһӵĿ첽˹һɣת񣺡ˣλǵĿˣе뿴ڵµӲҪƽϡ
ѹֳôƯ︹šȻֱһɣڿԷˡмĿԪƣ͵ֱۡ
һ˱ָԪƣǵµ³裿
ԪƲ붨Сдˣæ͵Сдġ½Ѿˡ
̧̧üңɣĻݲݣ㶼صΪֲġûʲôˣ°ɡ
ɼƣѵǹˣδޣǲõĽˣΪʲôôûÿѽ
ԪƳüŪһȻûģҲµ߰ɡƵתȥ˳񻹲ڳء
ԪһԼ뻨ţ֪׶⻨񵽵ʲô̬ȣֻ֪Ϻ⻨ԼĶϱһСϲ£ǴĿõġ
Ԫƣ¶ˣô֪ͨңҹŽϵĻ˽˷ʱ䡣ԹţҪڣԲСдʵݡ
ԪЦҲ֪ҲûǰңͻȻͻˡ
һԪƣȥҽס
һᰮ˯Ͳ𴲡ǽһ̬ĺ磬ҪҪɽɽӣҪȥǻβ黼˵ɽеģǼҲץĺܡ
ɵķǰ֪ûˣǳȥĻˡ
һף¶ЦݣŽ΢΢£ˡΪͥԺĻ𣿡
ûǰߣܷһֱһֱͣ˵ϴɽը˺˺Щ˰ˡ
ü죬ߴߴ

28

ܷǱ˵ٲˣҲֳС׷Ž׵ĽŲһһڣͲһ޸ˣǾԲġ
׻ͷһۻܷЩͷҡ
Ƕþûˣ㶼𣿡ܷʳ⻰ʱߴŵĻһȾϺΡ
ڵıǱ˼ˣһúǽײǱˣСͲϲճĻ񣬿ͷ˳ϳ˵ŮŮĳҲ,ЩСԲɰ
ܷûԼһҧŴǿŭ¶һ˿Цݣ׸磬ȥİô죬ȵҡ
ͷûأ⻰ŵĲǼӿٶȡվŷǰССɶĿſڣ¿Ǵŷİ
һƣͿǵɫӰԱһЦɵģüﲻʹ˹ȥ
ʲôأ״սɵĶ˵
ɱͻһعͷؿڵλãһ۽ףתϵĻû˵ѧ̯
ҿ̯ġԱ̽̽ͷҲ䣬ƴҴڸС
Χ˶ͣеĶȵضһѵС˵½ļ裿ͻȻȻ𾴣Ȼܸ㶨ôѸĵ¡
ܷҲ֮һֱɵԲȥָﶼȻ
ȴԱߵӣ̯Ĺ𣿡
ӸܵΧӸϽش˶Զ㣺ʵ°ɣˡ
˵ǺһЦԶ
һ̯ıһָһǣⲻа㿴߶ˡ
һ½׵֣ÿǸոձŪƵġ˵ţҨһ׺ͺõ潬ڹ̯׼֣оֱһȣһ̧ۼĹ߱ˡ
Ŀʼ̯һҪ̯ıҪٶȿ죬Ȼһ¾͸ˣҲ̯ˡ
ɼ̯ԲִұȻеԹˣԭֹԻ
ôʲôᰡĽʡ
Щ⣬شȴԪƲһ죺Իһ㶼ܻԵġ
ɺɵĿףС죺ûó԰
ΪɶûʲôóԵģĬĬ²ۡ
ܷǰ˿˿ķΧ̲ˣߵǰûע⵽ԼĶݺ˦һӡ
ڳ˱ŵҴѾܳŷһСıըŷ
ҲܷƸŵˣǸڹһɫֿܷԼǲ˵ĺá
ױžŮ˵뷨Լŭֻ֪ҪһſƢŷƾҪըˡ
ŭ⣬ʳĻȴ̹ǡ
ܷҲû뵽Լôȥս׵ƢѾ嶯ˣҲû취ջءǵһμԼ˵һ£е˵ָͣδޣôָŮ˲岻ңҲˡ
ܷԼ˵ģϽתȾܣǺ±ǨŭģҪȥϣΪ
ܷĻȻδޣ͵͵һ۽ףԺܻҪ־룬Ѿɳ蹾ˣһ˰ռδ޳Ҫģɲ¡̾˿Щᣬ᲻ɳ蹾Ѿϰ顣
׼ܷһûӰˣһЦܵõǿ졣
ͷ󣬵ͷ֪ʲôֻһֱǻţ̲סķŵˣ
һͷ㿴Լ۾ֻӰԺͻȻһ뷨ץȴץסҡҡͷԵǸһͷͷԼĽżʵʵ˵е㣬Ҷûڹ
˵ոջ˵ĶԣѾҵɳ蹾ˣôҴһ鲻ãӰĻԼġҪȨٰӺʳģͿԾһȥˡ
ױдļ䷽ֽó˵ֻɳ蹾˵ʧˡ
Ĳ뿪ŷ뵽ʳĺӶŸ٣Ԫսɰȫͻɶ
ɵ㶵ĿŽ뿪ıӰˣҲѽֲĶӣҲأⶼʲô°
˦˦ͷ˦Ժ󣬽żϰ̯Ҳ֪Լ˶ã˾ͳԼļӡѧ˺ö˶ûԹûģ粤ܹK⣬ɷǺóԣϧɶûвˮԺҪȥ򵽲ܡ
׼춼ˣɻûЩģֲԼȥǻԪȥһš
׵޵Ｘδ̤ĵطվǰһ
Ԫֵʣôȥ
͸¶һĨãҽȥ᲻᲻ðϾйŮٱͲˡ׿ǴСͽԵ֮¡
Ԫεƿţ»õԼͰɣһ˵ʲôҪǵ²ˡ
һſڣ׾֪ˣ뿴᲻û뵽Ԫƶƿˣȴվűߣǰһ

29

׾ôɸŶɾ֮ЩΣǰǰȻֻװ⣬ֻ۾ϵʳЦ˹ȥЩʲôˣҶûԹ
׼˵֮£ҲͲᡣߵ´ȥɣȻûʲôϵҲԸǹ֮䣬ǵĸ鲻⣬һ̿ںУˣǾǲʹ
һ߸ɽһʳȴЩĲɣܺ׶ԻǸʲô뷨־Լûʲôʸȥʣʲô˰ڹҪʱѡйƤʲôζˣܵҪװһܿĵģȻû̸оԼڵ״̬˻ŮǱĵӡ
óҹдõļӵ䷽ֽӷֱװ˲ͬСһܴĲװźüֻ˽ŵʻĻβ黼
ЩȫɵǰЩպáǱģЩӼʹҲ˵ûȥҲʶȻȻͻֲ֪
ɿһѵĶֺܲõԤУɵʳЩ㲻һȥ𣿡
׶ɵ۾ƺԼҪĴ𰸣ʱԣɽЩҪãȥ
̲סḧǰ׾ӣ˵ҡ
Ǳƻ㣬۾Žף˵ͷ
һѵĶ֪Լôصķ䣬Щ㱣ʲô˼кöʣոôͲʳأԼôô
뿪ɽʱ򣬽û͡ɱ߲߱ʱĻͷ޽úܺΰɽûӰ
߰ɡԪƿһӣõ¾ǸУǱ˻ⵥСˡ̫Ӧˣһ㶼ϧôûӰأȻһúôŲǡ
ɽЩãԪƻصɶ·Ϸǳ˳ΪԪƱȹҪߣһ·ûһеʣʹҪʱҲҪ̫ãһ¾ʹгˡ
ԪƵļ磬пԭɽ߰һʼһСˡ
Ԫô˵һᣬεЦЦҲͣĵסģֱؼҡ
ɱ˵ַ󣬲ᣬվԼǰδɽһʱûõȻܻؼҳš
Ԫƣлл㡣͵Ҽù߰ɡɿ
ԪƸոʹ˴ҲȷʵҪϢһ£ʹӦš
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ԪƳ˳ǣ¾Ȼ˯ﰡû뵽ɶôҡ
һˡһžͷſɤӺš
ĻɼΧת˼Ȧϸ˵ȫͺãȫͺáɵˡ
Цû£Ҵ˺ööء
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ԪƼҲһɼңɢԼͣҪҪ˵ʵǱѻƹȥ
˭֪ɵͱǲֽɽɽԪ١
ͻȻ뵽׵ԭ;òͨļû뵽ʲô°͵ĺЦòãû뵽û뵽תɣɰ԰ݽΪʦ϶°빦ġ
ԪҲ壺ǰǰǵǿģǱݺʧҲָһˣٹЩʱտ϶ܻص֮ǰһǿŵ£Ϊ϶ܲǡ
뵽״Լȥɽһ·ļ붼ҡͷˣҲϲһ뿪ӡ
Ůӣһ´Ӹ߿̾ɰҲҪΪԱ
֪ˣ֪ˣȹˣҾͰΪʦɷܵ
ţԪָĲ࣬ǻɽҲصĴӣ澹Ȼкüֻβ黼ǼӿˣɱһϽôӿ׼õšְó
Ȼ˵ÿһӣβ黼ֳӵֲѡȫԶԺӡɽʳ̫ˣÿһʳģӦϾͳԺ
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һͿһԺӵβǲɫļţѵЩǽ׵ݣȻеŵһ壬̧ſŽŵǻƺĲζҲűӳɺɣϽЩĵĶɾҲǲǹݣ㲻ɾҾǡ
ֺõ˵磬ǲǹˡЩĻβ黼ˣҪʳĵġɲˡ
濴ԺӼʺƵŽߵ߰Ь׸ϴˢɾ
ڰԺļʺɾͰ׼ŸֲЩʩá
æ˰죬Ҳ۵ùǺǼҺԺܴȦ˼󣬻кܴһƬŵģֻһһ˵ǿԸŮǴһ˵ģԾˣҲͦ꣬ɴֵһ˶¡
룬ֱӲ˿϶Уᱻģɴֲһλá˵ɾ͸ɣҲûκˣֱֱӽҲˣǸղ̫Ϊֲһ»ָ
֮ʣɿ˽
ӣˣ쿴ɺǸˡ
Ĩͷĺһ
ҪʲôҰ㡣ɡ
װû飬ָԺһǣһƵǱߵĽ
ֻʳָһѾƺˣǳ硣ͻȻԼӦŬһΪˣȻֵ¶۸
ɼɵɣɴָʹ£ݱɻûУҲûʲô£ֵð¡

30

һڳİ£ԺĵҲˣˡ׸һЩɶֲȻӣرҪˡ
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̧ͷʱ䲻ˣлдЩȥ֪˵ӣʱˣϿɷóĳţ
ЩΪѣҪ͵ְѳ쵱Ůд˵ɣҲô࣬ϴҾ˵ҪԷˡҪȥ¥԰ɣ˵³˸Ʋˣȥ
áҲûʹӦˣ˶ʲôģȻԸ⡣
ɵ˯ŵһųš
ʱĽϻ֣һͯıߵǸǰӣ֧λƯӰɡ
æƾܣƴҡͷͯˡ˵Ҳ죬һǰ첽ߡ
ͯЦЦһ֧ɡǮ󽫻ս
ɼûû˿ʱվһ̯ǰ̯ǰһСӣдţ̯λ⡣
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λôŤͷʳ졣
ǰ󶼿һȦͷҪ̯λҲǸӣ̯Ĳǳʳ֬ˮۡ˵ҼҵĵԼϵڣҪȵȣʱҼҵӣҼλҲǲġ
ʳⲢ˻鷳뿿ԼŬ׬ȡ롣ҡҡͷˣԼǮֻһ̯λС̯λ𣬵׬˵һͰڿӡ
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ɲ֪˿̳ı仯һ˼̯λߵ̯ʵϰ壬̯⣬ҪǮһ°
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ǲѽ
һ֬ˮģȻ㿴ôĴô찡
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ϰ忴ҲһΪѣ̾˿ԸЩ˵Ļһ2000ʯôλɲ㿴Աֽɡ̯λҪ3000ʯһ¡
Ĭţһƽ20ʯһɱҪ10ʯңһҪ200е׬һ7Ҿ׬ӦòѰɡ
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ϰЦЦɼӦǰСӵʲôˣڵؽһֱǿⶼĳɱۣδӼۡ
ͷӺɰͳ1000ʯûôʯϣȽ㶨ȰԼдãٰʣµǮˡ
ϰæĵͷĵҪãҪáȻҲˬˣҲ˵
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üϿ˵ģҾþѣæҲģûôǮȰ㶨£ٻҡ
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ϰԼ뷨ѹȥԺܶҪԼˣҪ׵ģҲһֱ߰
ͳ֮ķΧ˲ˣɾЩڣϰ˵˾ȥ£ųˡ
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С뿪ˣˮԼһ룬Ȼ˱ˮȡ
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ɴһ¥ܣ¥¥᲻٣Ҳ20ӣϲ˺ܿ죬õС˵Ҳʮˣ֪Ҫٳʹ
ţԾͰ⻰˳СҲǸĵģ˺˵ǵӵĺͳʦ20ء
ֱզ࣬ôˣԺ뿪ôĵ꣬ҪʯŹѽ
쿴˶ϰˣɻڷֱӼһӲ˷ŵ˵𷢴ˡ԰ɡ
ţ𷢴֣Ϊǰڶǳ󣬳˳ǿЦˣħ𣿹뿪찡
Ϊ˰ԼעȫˣרעƷ¥ĲȣʵڶϴλǸףɶûԡ
ǰǴŹǣȸոպããһһ顣
ô԰ɶһ뷹ˣ뻹ûꡣ
Զͻоⶫرóԡɴ¿ӣ˫ֽԴǹĹҵЦ
ȿȣɱǺˣϽ˿ˮѶ˳θȻԶʱʺ˵
ҳˣҲϽ԰ɡ˵ˣ롣ɳŹֽŸ㽶ӻ㽶Ƥ࣬мвըĻ˵㽶ģһҧȥ㽶̫֭óˣŻؼҲԼ
ѹҵôãζȷʵɲ˲죬С׼ˡ
ͻȻſһӣһͷҡϳ˳ϣԼʮͷŮ˽ССĸ֣ҲͦˣֻǱ麧ˣرﻹһѲ˵

31

СǶ߹ȥŵһ裬ͼ赲ˣһţֱӽһӣ˳ݺݲƹӵĹ̨
ȻȽԶͨ˹ô⣬ȻҼʳס
ƹѾ˳ΪѵӴҵḶ́ϰ⼸ȥ˽粻ڡɱˣһΣڲûϰ
ǣ£ϰ͵ҼʳףĻ㽶ΪҲ֪ǵϵ㣬㽶
ϰǴˣŲ͵֮¡ƹӲһֱΪԼϰ͡
ߣϰ嵱귢ҾǸɵ͵֮£ӲûٸɡŮ˵˵ţᾹȻҲû˿ʼ׺ļơ
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һ԰վŮӱȭһ񣺡»˾죬λԩȥ˾󳳴֣ѿ
ŮýŹԱһųʵߣó˿˲ᣬһ۳죺ܣֻ¥ϰҪ˵
¥Ϲ˿ͣѾֲˣŮ˲13¾ҪһΣϰͲߡֻǴûĴôŭġ
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ڸղţѾˡ
ŮսнȣѾʮˣȴδޡʮǰ¥ϰлԼģµʦǸ¶˴СͶԳ츳ΪߣҲǳ˵ãܵýүӵϲԼŮ»Լ
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⿴ŮӵݣǴ֮ˣҧŴ꣬ŬջȥӿĵһƬ
ȻǰµˣôһʳҵŮˣ뵽ԼԼҲ˸ˣ͸ֲˣûôǿأɲĻһֱ۹ް㣬䲻Щɼǰ󸻴󣬵ȴǼóСŮ綼۰
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̧ˮʪ۾ɣ£
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һҲָ˵ߵġҺò³ʳΪЩɫû뵽С͵ȥ
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һӣոǸɹҲǣһģ
ɳָķȥ˵ͷ㣬һ˾Ӫʳ𣿡
Ⱦؿɣʱϸǰ˵Сӡ
Цü䣺̸⣬ϵġ
ȿɵӲ٣ҲóȻΣ̫£űģ
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һֿ֮Ϊʳص˵
Ҳ֮ǰһֱΪֻ뿪һͨʳ̣û뵽ʳ̡
ʳһΪǿĳԵҩȲţҿɳңû˵ʳ
ɼȲţֻû˵һ֧ʳ̣̾࣬ס
ЩĶˣûʲô츳Ĳζڱϲ࣬ǵԸΪǰ粻뿪ˡ
˵㲻͵ʳףȻϳҵĵ̣
ŵҡҡͷ¡ʳ׿ɶ˭ҲߣζƵģɶû
¶˽ĵһЦݣһ̫÷Цݣô
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ƣĴ˿һֽɣ˾ҡ
ٴνס˽ȣ˵㽶ģ¥͵ʳףҪ
ȵͷĽë͵Ƶ£ϳһƬӰȻͨʲô̧ͷԳ˵ȥɹ˾㡣
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ʱһֱҪͣѲеĻó͸ɡ
еĻûӦø˵ȻҵϣҸϽޣҲ롣ľǰԼӿ
˵Լ£ҲԡҲӰǳס
ɼԼ˵ô࣬ƺǲףЩˣҵ˼ֻѣ˷ѹ˵ˣˡ
³ץԼ˵һеûģѻԼ͵͵˾Ƶˡ
صңֳû׷ŵķȲȵӣоԼԺҲûɶټˡ
ɻƽ˺صԺȥ˿Ǽֻβ黼ǰ͵ȣԺҲʰĸɸɾġ
ܹȥʰӣ䲻סĻлл㡣
ĻЦɵıôˣͻȻ
ֻ뵽ЩпˣûУǾԼˣô֧ҡ
ĻĿ͵Ŀɣ˵ʲôɵǼҵı
һǰԺĵҲֻĻֵЩݲݾҪˡԽ˵ԽСЩ顣֪ǰԺЩݲģرϲģû¾ϲЩд˵Żĸоرá

32

ȻĻɤŶԺѾŪɲ˵ˣԺƮŶǳζһû˵㣬ҵǰԺ㻹ҪģУҲͬ⡣
ǰԺĵĻҵûطְɿ˱Ļ֣
ĻվֱӣҲʰˣҲˣͣеĶüɣУǰԺ˭һһƬ˵صİ㿴ĸɼǰԺװεƯƯġ
õӷˡ
קĻ·һһΣ̬ҲӲǲˣһǿʳĹؼҪ򲻵
ʱˣһ¡Ҳ壺ǰְɡ
ĻָӣԺôڿس¡Ҽ޸ô꣬ʲôҲûͼҲûʲôǮҲٳеܹôҾϲҲԸ𣿡Խ˵Խί۵׶һ
֪뵱ȢĻʱ򣬼ﶼĽҲˣɹºôһ·ӽ벻ĻּңһЩҵǰԺķӡ
ɴûôίҲԼ̫˽ˣΪԼ£Ͳܲ׵ĸܣ۾дھΣǸ˵Բˡ
ĻҲ侲ŭҲƽϢĳ˵ɣﲻǲԸ⣬ǰԺ㻮λǲᷴԵġǰԺһЩͱߣЩƷֻҴҴģЩɾˣҲЩ飬᲻ãЩɾĻһûΪ
Ļô˵˶ھˣǴûйĹǰԺĻݣҲ֪ЩеĶɾˡ
ֻ֪ײɶˣǳԶɽˣʱɶΪȫûֹΪʱ˼УΪֻϲֲݶѡ
Բ𡣡ɺͬ
Ļ˲ᣬõ˺ǵ⣬ίˣЦѺԺɣʱԺǼҴ湻ǮҲɼһڳǽء
ţҪԺܺõĻƼԺֵĵϿܻ᲻ĻҲҪֲˡ
ҶԺǼҲܹظǴӵġ
ɰѽӵ˵ˣҰԼ뷨͹Ҳ˵˳
ʼҶԪֵǸ̯λҪȫ֬ˮۣҪܶǮҲ֪ܲսϸߡ
еĴҪǮ֪ȻǻҲǺܶ࣬ʱҲҪǮġɶȢһŵԵǱҪģҲ񶼲͡ףķӾԵСˣסķֻһݣ䡣Եһֱϣܻӡ
ɼѾűҵˣ˵ǲˣҲԪǸ̯λȵĵȻûԪǰ֣ž㲻
ЩԲסɣŮôԼҵǼȴֻ֧֣ͬ
˵ɣǿҲЩϵģӦǹɵԪӵġҳ׻磬еӶûС
ҡͷľǸ鷳
˵͵˷ǮԺ׬Ǯһݸͺá
ĻҲͬ⣬ϾλúãܺãҪȻΪʲôҶԪֿӣҪһӻ̯λǺѵģǲɴλᡣ
ǻȰɾԪǸ̯λʹ֬ˮҲ̫ٿʳ̡
ѵùִһΣ̬ȼᶨ뿿ԼŬ
ǵ͸ϣε񣬼˵磬һΣġ
滹ЩǣֱʳĻʣǸȿ𣿡
ɵͷѾˣҺһһ룬ȻÿóһǮΪʳĽıǮȻҺԷֺùݷֹͬòͬǮȻһһκ԰ּɡڼֲĲʳİճɱ㵽ӵĳɱ
û뵽ԼŮͷԣһĴЦɣû뵽֮ôࡣȻ㶼ˣԿɡǵһҪдԼȻȥ˾Ǵ

33

ɵͷطǺЦд뽭Ⱥ뷨ҸԳǮӵĳɱʽҪ
ڴϱűӣЩڳźõķһһչţϧϲû˹ҵЩĵǹ̸ġ
ڴϸ̯һȥ˯ţŹʲô᲻ѽʲôô˵أ

˵Դ˺ɽҲû˼ˣȻԼǰÿǳ˯˯˳ԣ˵Ϊɽɽ񣬿̫ƽҲû鷸Ƶ֣Ѿȥʲô£ȥһ¼ɡǰΪӲŽӣ˺ЩΪ±һֱϡڲһˣһʱÿնôŬôæµԼνӲǺ塣
׿еľڣָֻһɡڻԪڸ׵͵ġȥòԾ˭Ầϵļزŵ֪ȫʧɽÿ񶼱뾭ģ൱٣ȻҵԼϵ˰ԷһԸٳɹҲĻָ
˵ȫһһֱΪپɽ˵·ԭɽǲһġ
£ȥһ˴Ԫ˽˽׵
۾˿ˣǸȥúý⣬ȻջصɶȥɣȻһֱŻǸɲá
һۣߵͥԺУ˫ֺʮ䶯һɽҪ׳Ĺ
δȴͨʱĸλ˻ƣֺǺǵĳŮιˮ
׵ĸѲ£̧üһҲûԼĶӣߵ˰˰֣Ⱥȫ£ټĴֻʣͽˡ
찡
ײͬʽüͷÿ˼𣿡
ԱŲɵûҪӰȥɶô
ͦãʶһرõĹ뵽ɣ¶˳΢Ц
տŶǵı飬Щܲˣ˵һֱԶӶǷǻ£ϣܰԸ˵Ҳˣһλ֪ҪáμȻ˾ͰѸĻ°˰ɡ
ײΪһĻҸûи飬Ȣģ԰ҵ˼Ҿ˵һҪȥɶ
ֱ壬Ȼƽʱǲŭ˵ʲô뻨ĻԼĸ֮ʱͶµģѵҪԲĸ񣿡
˵ô˵ֱüмղϥӣҪĸ֪ˣƶľˡ
㡣ⲻТӡָ׵ֶڷֻǲЩŮ˲޹ϵ
һ㰮ҶܣҲֻһû˵ת뿪
㲻ȥɶԸǸɵӣ
ǾͲҪҲТˡ׻⣬ͷҲûأֻԶ˶˽Ų
տŽȥıӰȻԼˣ֪ʱѾȫԼƿأոɢԼ٣٣һΡ
뵽ոձĻĬĬӽһԼûκζԲӵ£һֱڵȴĻع顣ֻƽʱһЩһЩ߻Ǳеġοֻľг˯ֻһ٣ʱ䵽ȻȴԼһ߽׵Ժ󶼽پκνѣֻҪͺá
ɽɽκһ磬Ƕڵġûɵˣֻ;֡ʱͻᾭһν٣ÿÿĶһһΣҲߡ
״Ӵ뻹ȥһĸ˯ľľȻɽ֮أ6000סһ˸ϲȥǽȥҲҪķѺܶ治ϡҷǳ䡣
վɽϣҵĸ˯ǿľţ˽׵ĳΪԼů촽ȻЩϡ
ĸ˵ĸˣ뻨ĻԼ޷ӦҲѾ˰ĹȥɶǴȢġϣҸİɣ벻Ҫҡ˵׿һͷڻվ

34

һ˵꣬е˱ȸոոǿҵĴ磬紵ͬһ̧һ±绮Ƥʹָָ⴦ŵѪɫ˰֪ĸ׶Ļظ΢΢ǣܲ˶ľ˵Ҿ͵ͬˡ
û統£ϵ˿ϣɵĻصɽԪƼкãЦüʵ£к£
ײɽһֻҪ뵽ԼѾĸ񶼽ˣҲܲԼȥɶɾã̲סЦˡЦ˲ãǴȻСѡ
ԪƼˣòп³ǺÿѹְѻԵġ
ȥ׼һ£Ҵ㳤ɶˡ
Ԫɻ󣺡ɶʲôã
ײԸ˵ֻ˵һ䣺ҲСˣҲ˻Ȣʱ򡣡
Ԫһ飬ɴ۾£۾Ǳʺ𣿾Ȼ濴Ǹˡ
üԪƶɵĿе㶮ʲôȥ׼Ҷ౸Щʯ
Ԫƿ׵ӣҲ֪Լ˵˻Ҳľ䲻ϵ°
ԪƸڽ߶߶Ʊƣ£ҲҪȥҲҪȥ㲻ڣһһ˼û
ûĵһۣȥ׷ϱģȥ
ԪƺǺЦҲȥɶϱҶֻȢ֣Щſҡ
ʲôã˵Ȣأ
ԪҡҡͷҪҪҲҪȥɶҪȥȢƯӡ
´һԪƣˡԪԲֵ֪ͣɶܲܿ״ʱ֪ﻹиƯӾϲԪ͵ģƫƫӡ
˻˲һʱ㵽ɶԪ뵽ԼϴȥɼңǷӲȥ˿϶סǣܲ㡣
£ǼȻ㳤ôɶǱҪð췿Ӱɡɼסǰ
״˴ԪƵţ㣬ҿҪסϱġ
ԪûĶһ䣺ɴӦ𣿡
һ㶣Щȷʵò׼ɵ뷨ʱԼܺãϲʱ־Լνǰɳ衣
ԪƿŽ׳ԱӣȻЩѵüӣԪƻ͵һᡣ̲֮סʵɼҾ3䣬ǻס
ˣԪƵļ磺㵣ģа취Ҳߡ㶨Լסĵطͺá

35

ˣԪƵļ磺㵣ģа취Ҳߡ㶨Լסĵطͺá
˵õʵȻЩţ֪⼸ûԼòڣֲ˼ɡ
ڽ׺˼֮ʣ֪Ѿɵļҡòš
涼ڼңֻĻڣţʱ㶣һʱ벻Ӣ
ҿ˿òЦ˭
ױʵһԼӦûӰ뵽Էδĸѹס΢΢¶Цòش𣺡ˣǽף
ŶŶŶŶĻЦü䣺ǶԲסֻ죬һû㡣Ͻɡ
ĻĽӭ˽Ԫƴʱѱԭ·ϵ֦ϿƵĿԼˣȻľôԼˡ
Ļӭ˽ױΣûϸӣʹˣԽղһϲ
ĸԼ˱裬Ĵһ
ĻԼѾĵˮҲ;ûҪˣϾǼҲ¡
ɲ𣿡ţʱɲڼȥģ
Ļû׶ĳƺЩŮгϢ˵ĵ⣺ȥ̸ͬˡ
ͬüû뵽ͼ첻ڣɾѾʼ׼ˡ
ɿһӣӵԭһϻﾭӪ
һȥ𣿡ʡ
ѽĻһȥʲôס
ȴǵ˼һƭô죬УҪȥѰѹء
ҵַȥ
СĻһ´ȣȥˣһЩҲԿҲ֪ʱɵرƭ
ͬĵͷĻĵַȥʱԪƻڴ˴Ȼ׳ˣϽǰ£ȥİ
ָһԪǰ˻ΣָȼһɫĹ⣬Ԫ˵ϡ
һᣬ˱վһֵĽϡ̧ͷһǰƣϲ˹ݡ
̵ּ򵥴ֱҲѾܳ¾ɣ˹Կһ̺һ̣ϰ嶼ǴӬҲ޼ˡ
£ָоͦ尡
Ҳ֪ɿûлشԪƣŴ˽ȥ
㣬ֻеһڷſõΣڶǽסĵط
ܴ󣬸˵ĴΪҲܴʵȻֻڷʮķΣȻ̲󣬵Ǻɾÿ϶һ״Сƿһ֧޵һɼ˵ƷζܺãҺھӪ
ʱ뽭ڿӣǱߴţԴӴ˵Ӹպó棬òУȴ־öˡ
žˣڵ˶֪

36

žˣڵ˶֪
פ㶢С鿴˻ᣬֻһüһἤЦ֪Լͱ˽ȥ
ԪҲǷݵȻסˡҲܶƯӣǲ֪Ϊʲôһ£һûӰĽȻЦݣоԼĴû˿ѵС˵һ飿ԪƼ⻹ǵһΡ
˾ôɵ㶵طֱעǰŮӣ˭û
ǽȽĿת˴ŴӣЦкɼǷҪţ
Ҳתſڣɴ۾侲˾ϲ˳붼ûͱס˽ףˡ
ױôһڴӴлعҲſ˫۱ɣתһȦЦûҰ
˾ദѾõˡ
ȴһ˼ĴھϲУû׵ʻЩģΪ˷ܣշ˺Σ͵صͷȻˡû㣬Ҷ˯ˡ
һҲΪǷޣ͸ŨŨĽԪ˹ȥеҽܣԪƣʹ﷼
ȡȴǰòЩ۵ӣڹ䡣
ԪƵֺ֪ŽȺЩ˼һʱ֪Ҫ˵ʲôãȥƨ϶ûһ˾Ӫôķݣ˵ţԪƻһĴָƣȫ֪Լĵˡ
εЦЦû˵۵Ŀɡ
ɼһŷӦΪЩףߺԽȽܣǽסȻֶԽ׽˵ȣԺĺ顣
òĳȵͷǣɵӣʾҲ
ɣ۵ôˣ
Һͽ㹲ͬӪ⡢ӪеӷѻӯǶһռһ롣˵
ײһ۶¥Ҳһɫģһ͵ƽֻһ¥֣¥סĵطԼġڵﶼŸóĲ£СһǮ
ͬĵͷʱȣ˵ǸŮˣ۾ȴ峺ɾƺ̰֮ˡ
˿ʵǴξӪҿضαȽ塣
ɱ˱죬Ŀףûá
׵ǸһܺõĽ飺װޣҲҪɴ˽˹ݰɡ㲻ҪμٳѡѡϣպÿΪǵĵ겻һҪƽʳΪ߸ߵԤͣ߷񡣡

37

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ɺԪƸ˵ԪƵһֱܵġȻڵҲôΪġ
ɺͽȶԽ׵鶼ûۺÿͶʯԼǩ֣һͬǰ˾Ǵ
ȫãֻص˽ȵĵɿĵôһף³
ʳĻͦḻģһˮƬϹࡢɰ࣬СһҶ߲˺ʹһƬ4Ӧòˡ
ɱ۾ԺʳףʿϴȻʼгһƬһƬıƬúۡƾƺνƬȣⱣۡѿУмͣ罷ӽ⡢СɺԳӺۣˮͬʱκζζˮƬ
ζѾӳƮ˳վԱ߿İڶŹû뵽ͼյĹɵô
ȺԪҲҲζ˹ѾþûԹôĲˣڲ˹ⲻãҲ벻ӣűԼѧ˵ģֻô꣬ᴴ£ԽԽˣȻһ㣬ǵĻǲġ
ɼƬĲˣƬ붹ѿУȻϻЩͽȥǺζ˱ǶǺ˶־ú㣬̲סȥš
ͬʱԱߵ̨ڰɰ࣬ĴװɴУÿڷڹһúϴл̳ǲҪһζͳ¯ˡ
׿õĲˣʳָ󿪣ȫԹ⣬ɽܴ⼸䲻ʲôܷĲˣҲɫζȫ͵͵ʳָۼĵһӣ˿ȥûʲô仯ֻɫЩ
˶ɸһ˵˱ƣЦеؿڵףǳɹ
һӿʼԲˣԪƲĿʼãһֱǸԻֻǲǰ
ȿˣǼȫǲζǴɵĳ¶һȵ˾ͱᴴ£ֳܱģƳµĲɫͻȻǵģĿԴһ̣±ȸߵ͡ٱѹһͷԼɵĺһɶһƬ¥
ĿжϣǵܳΪɶһʳվɾƣԼҲˬһơ
ر׺Ⱦģƽﲻ̫ȾƣԾãǽտģҲͺȵĶ˵ûԶ١
׼״ȰұźȾƣԲˡ˵ţɼ˼ӡ
ɿŲһСɽůůģĵȥ֣ÿһڣܸоһתܸܵеεԴҲˡɴ۾¶΢ЦĽףͻȻģѵǡ

38

ʳָڴߣˣûг
ԪƳԹʳģûɶϡ棬һ߳һ߶Խȴ˵ǵտţ϶Ҫˣæ԰סô
üӴԪӵǴˡ
һ㶣ûϻشȻ¥кü䣬סһҲûϵǹйŮǻЩ
ԪƼûĿɣ͸ŨŨİңֿĵͷ˵ûطȥסջĻʯ
һʱ̣뵽ɽʱԪƶԼͦõģסԼס£Ҳֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀȡ
ȿǰ˵ʵڲ˼ܾȻԵЩСˡ
ʱҲԪ˵ˣ֪ȵĹǣϾһδŮӣ˱ȽϰԣϰԱųס㲻̫ϡǿ¥࣬𰴷գĶ㵽Ԫһһ䣬ٸżŴרסޣáҪסͿ԰ŽǾأ
ɵͷ˵ģͬ⣬Ѱѽ׵ܵˡ
̾һȷʵͦãе˲ҪȥҷӣҲԼʡ˲Ǯ
ðɣǾɡԪס¥¥Ǹɡ
ԪƸмĳ׵ͷǵ¶á
ǵ𣿡ʡ
ԭҴԼʱʳ̣ڵûµ֡˵
ҲҡҡͷԪһֱûͣӳԵùĹĵģЩЦҲֻЩԲر֣û뵽ôܳԡ
ʳָнţ˼ʱϲĶɾСһԽԽҹÿȻԭͲ׳׵ĳȷʵǰһѹôƯĻϲ
ȺȻӦոʳǺףʳʲô
ʳǳ˿ʳԪǹӣ߳Ա߽͡
ȲؿɣôͻʳˣѾԤ뵽ǵĵһţһ
Щ˼ǺЦţȻû˵ﻹǺܸл׵ģûҲʳ
ЩĽһûԹʳªŵû
ָָϵĲˣľʳûо𣿡
²ﶼװһľʳѹҸոճԵʱйӿΪΪ˾Ƶԭ򡣡

39

50˵
һץסɵֲţҵˡ
ɵ㶵ĿŽȣ˸мסȵ֡
ЩˣʲôˣȻģײ뿴ôܡ
Ԫʾ˸Ԫ׹վƱʱˣǸһҲϢˡ컹кöҪ׼
ĿɳҲ˾Ʊ
ʰһУȴԪȥ˷䣬׸¹·ϡ
ɺȻ뵽һ⣺סİ
ЩĿ޹ı飬ɸֵ˵˵סģȻˡ
գգ۾Ҽû˰
Ҳ÷䣬Ҹһ˯ͺˡ׻Ц
һ㶣æ˫۽浲ǰŮܲ壬
׵һɵţҵûлָһҹͻԭΣһסܲȫġΪ׷ϱԭξԭΰɣôҲҪͬϰ߲źýһ׻˵ˮ¥̨ȵ£ɲǸгĵȻ
ɵûô࣬Ըɳ裬ĶæЦŴӦѽѽûëůеء
ҧҧۣ̾ǳٶۣȴЦаȣĿҲɡ
뵽ʲôģǰ˵ҪҸģ⻰𣿡
һ룬ûĽȷʵܲȫǼȻûȫָɳܲμ𣿡
׿ε۾ܾĻ˵ڣֻεĵͷİɣһμӵġ
㻹Ըҵɳඣɵǿĵġ
š׳ɵͷ
Ըɳ裬ĵתôͻԼһ˵ģæЦŴӦסһ£͸һ˯ɡĥϰɳĿ
Ȼֻδ޲ͬⰡ˵δʱȥǰոǱͷԣôͲǵùһδˣҪǱδ֪ԭһ˯Ҳ᲻Ļİɡ뵽ˣɵҲ
׿ı仯ʵܽδ𣿡ʳ⻰ʱ಻ŵЩʪ妣´𰸲ϣǰ㡣
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôһ̵ֱĺܺõ飬ʱȴ͵૶ţδˣͲǰһҲҵɳ衣
С߽Խ׵Ϊ÷ǳʳָ̧Щݵ°ͣ˾ƶεպ΢΢ʪ۽ǣˡ
ͷĴڴϣɵɴ۾ĿԼ𴽽΢΢һЦ۾
˹ư㣬ı۾ſеĲӿ
һֻȦסϸνԼǰ֮˿Ϸ죬һƽңɢڣƺҪԼĹѪ

40

۽ʪ󣬴촽ЩףҲЩͷӯӯ״ŵԼ֪ĽһýװѳֲסȫѪҺһطӿȥ
ɿɣһԼҵ˼𣿡
ôΨҶýʵЩ˼ֱ˵ϲֻ߰
׵ͻȻﾪѣ૵ǲԵģ㶼δˣͲҪˡ˵꣬Ƶתǰܡ
ûһͱۼֿĽץסֱۣͲָɵ̣Ͽҽ͵û˵ûδޣˡҵδޣҴûгϹֻҸĸһԸˡұЩӻɶΪ˽¡ӰǵĹϵˡ
˸ӨĿŽףԺȢ𣿡
СɵԴûһ˵ֻҪȷԼϲģҪģͻ˿̾ˣԼҲϲ׵ģ֮ǰǰ¹类ȥˡ
˫ȦסɣԼǰĶͷȻʱһޣΪɽΨһ
Ž׵ԣԴѾϲ컭棬̵Ľͷ˽׵Ļ
׿ʱҲˣûס޵⣬밴ƻУòƻʱķΧ˵ͨôԭ͡
ɿոջ§ԼĽףһֱ˼۵رףİɣԭεʱ򣬾ͻ㡣Ҫ¡
һ°ԼλһΰĽɫв԰ΣԼ縺ΣɽûʱһҪضԶ
ɱŽ׻صԺһѵݻЦ˵ҸѰɣϾͲˡ
ײ죺Ҫ˯һѡ䡣
˳˳ķƤëͽҾ͸ר̺ãֻ˯ǡ
׺Ȼ˵ѵԭεҶʲô죿
һ죬½ܻ㡭˵˭ֻ
ĻɻˣһһĽףЩôֱؼˣҲܣ˾䣺鶼ˣ
ţͿʼӡݵϸرŵݵ棬óЩֹҲװֻ࣬ԼϸЩȫһһĶ
ĻһѾԭεĽףôҲýȥջ˵ףʱ漷һ°ɡհ㻹ҪҸطסУ㿴ǼҲס£ô䡣
׸ͣɵȿ˿ڣ㲻õЩûȫָҹͻԭΡ˵ϵĵݳĻǱߵ˵ߣҸݵӣҷ˯
ĻüǾò̫׵ϾɿˮĹҼңܾײףô˵׶еģԭҲסԻҪ˵ġ

41

һָҾͲסûһΣյġ
Ļɻʵʲôݣ˵סʲôΣգ
Ҳûܣ߼˿ԣǶǱ˵ȥˡ
ɽɽ񣬲֪ǿǧ˵ȥˡ
ĻȻýôɽ񣬵Ҳõɣ֮ķİ˰֣ǵȺӵʿɲϣɾͱһݲļˡ
ɼĻûٷԣףһűһֵĵݵࡣ
͵ƣ͵۾Ųűһĵݵ档
Щ̣һıĵϣˣҾ˯㴲ϡ
ɴ˸ǷҡҡͷǿɲУñŤ
ŤʲôҪ˯һ𡣡
仰һ죬һվûץȣˤ۽еۣۡ
һæѵݷһԣ۵ʣˤˣ
Ҳ֪ĶۡƲһɵ飬ֵͷôʱԭͣɿ顣
ɼˣǿôѽҪ㿴ɣˤˡ
צץɵ䣬ֹȰҷŴϣɾͺˡ
İѽ׷˱תȥˣ׸Ͻٴֹҵֻ֪Ҫɾͺãͱ鷳ˣôˣҲ˯ˡ
û£ɵĵǱ¶ɡ
û£û£ҾǸײˣɾͺáҲ˯ɣǵݵٱɡһ˼ͬ㱻Ҵ
ɿŽ׵ıû£ҲЬȥӸϣһͿԼһ죬ˡ
ɻʵ
ûԼĳ﷭һļıȻ֮䣬˸ָ˸䣬ǴȻһƣȻῴԷɾñȸոֱźöˣ˴۵С۵ģ˵Ѿͨ⣬ʵΣʵ˯ţɲ붥èճȥɻ
׿ǰͻ״ɵˣĶû뵽ɾȻԼһѵˣԼƭģ־ûô
ν׻ǿɣôͨ˿׵˼ˣһСŮ˸˱ϾһƤҲûȷϹϵҪ˯һ顣뵽ǵ㻵ˮ
׵ļƻȫˣϻ˯ˣ͵͵α˯̾˿˸Ƥš

42

ɵڶʱúЩ˳ã۾Լڽ׵ıмǵʧȥӰ
֪Լԭǽ׵ԭ룬ֻԴһ飬ϽҪǱ￴ˣ군ˣƲҪҲֲùӳԡ
װʲôû˴ʱҲˣɱԼĴ£ãȻôмûˣ
һ˵Լռ˰ɣǰǼʱû˵⻰
ɣ㲻˵ǲ鰡ѵ롭׹û˵ꡣ
һȣûУҲ֪ôûˡһûû˵ռұأ
°ͣװѹܾʲôһֱһ꣬Ӧûɡ
һ˯ž͸һôֶѣ֪Լ׻껹ǽױס
ֹȻԼԺƶƱ粻ӮףֻίҧŴꡣ
׼˶ŪЩˣæŲȥӱ󻷱סɣﺬŨŨЦ⣺˺ˣġΪߣԶʧˣȻЩ䣬ƴԴ
û׵Ļֻ˵еͷӦġôֱˣȻҿ϶
ұҹԭ֮ͣʱͻΰ׽ͷɵļϣӾˣ֡
ɸоЩ˼ץţɿҪȥϴˣһͲˡ
ٱһᡣѵõ￴ˣǾͽ顣
һعͷ촽СĲŽ׵ȥ˵ģ
ɿɣЩ̵ŭҸ˵ô࣬㻹ҵģǾԼһƬι
ɿԼŭͷ絷ֺãûûûûɣҵȻ㡣ֻǾǺչЩѡ
ŬŬ죺ʲôģʶˣһΣڶμĴڡ
һ¾ͱ˽׵˼άҲǸǣ׵ҡҡȥҲɡҲΪҲںûǮǿһ׬һŬ
׾Щж־ЩĻӦɵҪİ㰡
סɰ۵֣Ŀһһ˵黹һ׺͵ͬ⣬ȻһֻҪҵĽͺá
ϲ̵ĵͷףɣǽ컹кöҪ
˳㣬͸ӣ콭ȻһЩʦӡȵĶܿ죬˵ʱѾмʦˡ
һú׳ʵƤڣԼʮͷˣӦͷģһֽڸ˵ʲô̧ͷɣæ֡
ͼֽݵɵһ߽Ŷˣɣʶһѣǹ˾ɹ٣ܻửͼæһ£Ȼ˼ʶʦ¡

43

Цų˵ͷһͼֽûʲôְͼֽ˽ף׵Щ뷨λɹЩطһЩ޸ġ
㣬𣿡ʡ
һ£Ҫ¿ʼҪȥҾþ㿪ʼǸֺˡЦ˵
ЩܳôУһİ
ûϵģʵ㣬ҵҲҪȥⲻ̫ᡣɵļ磬Ҫ̫ϡ
ڼȻȷ˵֣ҲԿʼˣһжڳõķչ
Щ£ϣԼģǼȻǺ⣬ֵĻҪ˵ɣӦҲ˵¥°ɡ
е죬û뵽ᵽµ֣ͻȻ¥Ĵš
㣬йϵ͵䷽
̾˿⿳Ҳûȥ£ȻЩģֻǱʮǰǵ࣬˵Ҳ΢ƽЩ
ҸһӣСʱҺףڳշҲ츳ʱ׾ҶףҲһֱΪԼ޸
ԸΥҸȥҰҲ¶˳ʱҺܴһֱ԰ѸǧȫĽʳؼȻҾͷرˣҰԽԽȥʳ˾Ҳ˵ȥȥԼҲǣ˵ͿˣȫҸ׵ĵꡣ
Լûʲô츳һɶǳֵĽʳûˡҵڶ֪ΪʲôȢңΪʲôҪôҡ벻ͨʮÿȥұܶ
ôˣҵִҲֻ࣬żĲʹŻȥһʵԼҲͦЦģԼ˽ѵľءɶΪǷӣҲû˸ȢˣԼҲôˡ
˵͵㽶䷽أͦģȻ˵óգΪʲô»͵䷽
ЩЦˣ۽Щʪ⣺Ȼ˲УĻǿԵġǵҲǳģһֱһһֵƤҲôΨһһ
ģΪִһһƤҲͣԣûиоˡȻҷ˵ʱתȥ׷ֻıӰ˼Ϳ¥㡣Ǹܴˣ΢һҪ㡣ͦģǵĵʹӣҰĴ¥һֱɶһ¥ˣұã֪ôڱԸǡ
㣬̫ġҶԼģǵʳûа취ģµģԸܳԽǡٹҾҪμĲƷѡΣѡˣǵĵҲܴ졣ɰο
ǿЦЦϣɡ֮ĲޣǻҪŵ㡣
ŽȥҽףǵӦţСǿЩñ¥ļϸ˿ӡ

44

ȥҲֻ뵽С꣬һˣƲء
ôˣ߹߷
й¡ոս˵С¥£еĻпܻ᲻СеԷļϸ
ЦɵͷŮ˾ǰ죺õģȲ˵ǵܻܲܲɶÿһҵ궼ɸϸȥɡʵڲģԪҲԳ䵱һƵġ
ֱԪһԼüŪ۵İԹ
ɣȥʳ˾Сꡣ
εôôҪȥ𣿻ȥͺˡ
Щ˼СǸҲᡣ
ȻԾ⵹ҲɵΪȷʵܶ෨ûѧᣬԾֲֶֻܿԼ֣û÷
ѾóһŻֽ׼Ҫ˵ʲô
ǸҪʳ̣ҪҪң
ֽƯ˰գ׶˵㣬ͳ˺ɫ壬һһӣֽ㲻ˡ
ˣѾȥˡϢɡЦ
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϶ҪС궮һЩ£֡ǳ⿿С϶УҪϴв˰װȡСǿʱԪƵΡ
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㣬ʳѧߵģġﲻ˵Ļµʱæ
ҲһʼܲԸͶ̫󣬱Ͼϻ⣬Ҫչ˵ߵ˼ģµĽ飺Ҫ˽˰ɣƷھ࣬ÿӦɶҲشһҡĻҲæĹʱҪˡԺ˵
Ҳⲻ˿Ե׬ǮУ׷ʯͶʣòˣ⼸û浽Ǯ
ҲûʲôѾʼĥ˵ˡȻԼȻ˺Ҫ£ϲμѡεĲ˵æĶûȥĻβ黼
ȴкʱֻ཭ԪˣȻЩԲǣû취ϾҪˣ׼Ĳ˱Ҫϰһ£ܴܲ죬Ϳһۡ
׸ɻص˼ںԺ۲һֲϺú
ץһµ˿ȻǳʣǳĲɾһۻСȥȵ̿ţҲ
ֻˣһֳϣһַֻɿĶָָȻһ罫ΧγһС
ŬץɣҲסˣͣץĲ˫Ŀһע硣
ȻڣҶʯӵƹһЩ߰С紵˳Աߡ
罥ͣˣջƣٴο򳤴һȦЦˡ
˹ȥöŶ֮ǰһֱĺҶ켱ˡ
һɵţûɾԲ
Щίʱĸϰ죬һһģŪ˺þãһһȥġ
ôŪģʡ
һһġš
ѹ֣㷽ûöԣĲɾ´Һˡ
šɿĵĿŽףиͨãҪ󣺡Ұѻβ黼ץˣ̫ˣҸոץ˰춼ץס

45

ײѴ֮ץһֻβ黼
ɿŲ̋Ѿ˵ļЩûɱô죿
ԲԲ۾ףҧ°촽۾
Σֻö÷ѼˣҴĸɸɾëˡ
ɿĵĿʼƼ⣬Ϊ˱ԣûнгһһ飬ֻƣԼ󽴡ƾơ͡۵ȵ;ȣﵽĨ˼ϣһСǩͣڼϴ꣬һЩСϸǿģΪ˵ζ
Ҳ̫ȥѡȥһԻβ黼Ϊĵͷ֦÷ӡҲ׼
һߵȼζһ׼ĸϣлĩ⵷֭࣬ˮˡ
ܾû˵ʲôһ˵ȥժһЩͣٹ˵
ȥԺһƬϵĲ˵أŲðСѿ֦Ҷûòˣ֪ԪЩûЩֵֹĵζ
ױֱпűߣ˫ֿտյػüëû
ɵͷ
״˵أһЩС磬޷ֻЩ졣
ɿЩ۵ٶȳ󡢳ߡҲ˷ףЩôģ̽ҡ
׹˹ǣѧ˭ԿԿֲġ˵ţӯ۾ü䣬Ц磬ʳָᴥһԼĴ꣺ԺֻҪһ£ҾͰ㡣
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û߼׷סʲôܣ㲻Ҫˣ
ɴʱļˣҲĺܿ죺֣ᱻ˿ˡ
ײŲں˵۹⣺ͿǶ֪ҵġ
ɾȥˣŤͷԼЩĴ˽׵ĴϣѧС//ͷһȦĴ꣬꼴롣
ߺͷŤţѾˣ˰ɣſҡ
Ҳ¶ͷĿѴﵽɿͷԺǵöҪŶ
ûܻسоĲȥˡ
Ⱥͣǰ׼ĵȫ͹ﱬ̳ٽƺõļ͹ըըɫ̳Ȼһ뼦ոճϼӽȥټӻƾơ֭͡ѼŽȥС֣͸ζٽóŵ͹ｫƤը֡
ɽõļ̣Ũ֭˼ϣ۵ͷˡ
ͷڲȣζڱǼ⣬Թζ޼˴Ĵָ
ɿ˿ɫϾ͵ˣٰˣǻһˡ
˵ĻֻѾˣĵӴɣİ
߰ڲ;ߣǰ׼μѡεġ
ĻЦ۾ˣɫζȫĲȣҲЩ⣬ԼͬշչǷǳȷľ
ȵͿˡ
ȳͷͷڼʣִƤЩϵ̫óˡ
û뵽ŶðɵĳվȻ͵˴˵Ⱦ硣
һ棬ɲϣý׾ûʶãЦȥ
óһݸʣ㻹μɳ

46

ɽӹ򿪿£潻һ²ʱҪ󣬻Ŀ֮ݣְѾ˽ס
˭μӰɳ𣿡һ߳ԵĿģǺʣܲýײμӰɣһܽǲɽ񣬸оǻɳ˰
ɳŬŬ죺
ֻоԼһͷߣ治ĴӦ¡
˶ŴͿףǾȳ̶Ȳ֪˻ӡ
εĵͷظ˴ҵʡ
ʹٲԸҲû취ԼϱҪԼ谡֪ɶڵǳߡ
¶˶Խ׵ͬ飬ж벻ȥμɳ
׷Ŷͷһ۴ҶͬĿ⣬ɴ˳°ɵ½
Ȼһ̸¶һԭ˵ģҲûٶľˡ
ɿʼ˵ʱ򣬻캦ߵĵͷûɶرķӦԼɻˣôȰ
ֱЦɶþȵģǶΪǳ¡
ص䣬ɻ£ԽԽƣ۰ĵôô׾ͽˣΪһ½ףôһҲ񻰱дöԷôôĲԼҺӣҪҪԷԼҺӺ֮ġ
ཱུģ۵ĸһʲô
ɴ㶵ľͰ뷨˵˳ҵôô׾ͽˣǶҲ𣿡
һЦɵ㵱ﶼһɵģҼȻΪȥμʲɳѵҶ̬ȣ
뵽ɳžЩԲסˣһȥμһݵĴȷʵ̫á
СֹҪʵڲԸμӣҪҪˣ
ɵͷΪԼ¾ӣԼеģ§סһĴ꣺ҰӮЩӵıǮ
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ʱúܿ죬һξͿ쵽ɳӣʳ˽Ҳװ޵Ĳˡ
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47

ΪҰĺ˽Ĺ˽ң˽ȶİôȥˣȷʵΣҲܶͶ㣬ϣܽĿųԶЩԼ⡣
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𣿡ɻǻشˡ
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һ۶Ƶ⣬Ҫʱǵȡһľʤߡ
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д˰βŷӦϽҪչʾʤߡ
ǵԼɭʱǵһοѹȸеɳ裬ĶֻһĿŽ׳ɱȥ

48

ɿļıף˾ǱҲһֱעߵıʱ
Ũüһһӣֳ̳˿Уϸ˿еɳ裬󾪣⣬ⲻǽյĽڶȻö겻̬òΨһ
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ȻǣѽӸȳ϶Ƿһ飬ô´μܵҪЩ˰ɡ
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¡Ϊ׵һһӣ˴ӵϡ
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סɣǰסһб㸡һڵ龰
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ĻҲʼǻɣͲŪʲôɹǶһˣûֵ

49

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