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ҪѰҹȥο຦ôҪôӾ
ҪȥྩҪź֣һͲܼ޹ȥأԷǸ̫࣬ɺôҲǼ޹ȥͷӵģܹȽ͸֪˭檵ĺã
Ǹּ˶ۡ
йΪͶ˾ϧˣıֽеĻɵ
ƽ̫ˣԸݶˣһѣܽѡ˲ɣ
㣡
곤һЩһƤϵġžյ
Ҫ㼤ôͶ
Ҫϲи̣ҿҹﻹ˯˯ţ
һʱˣֻ㬵ص˲ǻ𡣡
Щ
˭
ϲҪ˵촽ȴסƵġ
ۣȴƤ·ʲôʯѹ۾ϡ
ǹ䡣
ҲܶҲ˵ϵŴԨĿ־壬·һֺȻܿ谵֮С
һֱи߲ͣĺ֫Žůգϲܹ۾ˡ
Ŵµλ񣬺һûܻع
ֱһüü̽˹ϲ۾Ŷ˶
¶е飺Ůˣ
ϲ͵ؿ촽˶ʼշһ仰
Ǹ˼ˣϲĶͷϣ۵˵֪㲻ϼ޸λˡ˵ʵҲϡǾǸûӣֻ̧ײ̫࣡
Ҳһ۵ḷ́һ뵽㷸ͿȻΪͶľ۵
ҪãȻһҪװ״Ժĸ󡣡
Ÿ߶߶Ļϲĵ׼ֱǾ˷ڣһϴģԼŵĴΧЩ裬ɲǲݺϲܼĶ
ǰ
λεظһ¡Խˡ
㶵ؿŸˣһ˫۾ȫȻãȻ
ΪǸ˵˵Խ
ŮǧѰ̼ˡҪ޸һ̫ôλ֣˵Ҳʮˣܻ϶ꡣһ̣ȻкӹҪˣΪľҪ˰
ϲѵԺзļ䣬˶飬Ĩᣬĵĸˡ
⸾˶衣
ԺӵˣǽеЩ˲ݡζʮֳɫ
壬ԼͬͬյϲԺеһԱ
ϲͷױ̨ͷͭԶֻܿʵһƬ
Ůģû辪ϲù͵ǰ쿴Сˮۣģû£
ϲؽӹӣͭͷһȦĻƣʶҪȥļǮ
ϱӡ˵ϱˡ
ܸоϴˣԽ磬񲻹һۣһ۵飬װ׵ķֳϱӣԼⱲӡ
ϱӣѰżݹӲԼѧ
ʱ䣬ӹ˾ײһԱƴ˾λá˾¼Ҫһ䡰ƴ
ò̸һʼڵĿ⣬Ǹʮļɣûȵͳ˳
۾ǻһ硣
ӵһûݡһˣ׼ȥź̫
ְŮǿˣʸ˲ܻ
̫ˡ
Ҫڸ첲ȶϣûˣûѪһأ볶ϱӣ˯һ
˵ˣҲˡ
衣ϲڣɳƣۡô֣Ѿ
辪ϲ۾Ůǿϸ˵ˡ
裬ǰͷ˼λͣ
Ů֬żҴҵغҪǼҵĹЩȥǰͷдأ
һʱЩԥһȰȰϲŮһԾȥˣһ´ǰͷ
ţζӳ¡
ԺĺŮͱʮͷͳһϲ⸱ģεġò׾ȻҪһΣɾͰװͷˡ
ûѡŵ͵ر˴ͷһϸ̬ӯŮݣ辡ȥչˡ
Ůһۣòѣɵչţ˵ֻͷϲ֣һ꣬úӣ˵ǻͷ
ŮЦǰųţŵͱϲ㻹ҪҪһˣΪ˲֣һ޶ϵ㶼ʹˡԣ㲻ϵյģԺǿˮ
ϲתŭݵŮ
ʵҲʲôϲѾڳŮ
ʮܽͬסһݣƫƫСͻ಻ԸܽԴҰҲϲݾȴЩ
˶߰ʱ裬һʮͣǰЩ͸֣˵ִ
֮ǰ˵ģ
ܽϲֻԼһ仰Ҳ˵·ŭ˫ȾĨ죬ա
ΪƾҪʲô趼ʲôͬһǸţ˼õģ
һڣǱģҲضߵļӡб£Щٹ˵ͷӣٵһھȻ޸֣ѵõҫ
ڴϵϲͻȻЦһ
ϣ۾ûһüãһЦ¶ǳǳУǣ⿴ͽĲ
һ˫۾ΪˮԺѣһ۽üҲһĨ˵Ķ
Цʲôܽۡ
ϲ۵Цɿȥ𣺡ǰø
ܽ۾һת˲ü㳰Цң
ϲҡͷʵ⡣
ϲǡ
ʲô
һƣָ˻
ߵôæ˵ʱ򻹴ڴڴһܽƵģúչãôչģټټҸû꣡
ܽգӴ㿪ҪԼ֡
һѰקסˣЩȥѣ磬ǰͷĿҪء
ܽһϲٹ˲ϻŵϲˣæѣһ磬Ťֻͬһǰͷȥˡ
ϲڱӣΪůõ§§
ϻЩļ仹ûܳԳﰲ˯һᡣ
ˣٿ磬ûôܽˡ
һû˯϶ãͷܿܽ
裬λүҪĺģҶϣ
㵱Լʲôϵ£һ޶ɫɡеģǿԼˡٲҲֲ˸ǰԼ˼ȻƲ㣬ǾƲϡ
Ƶ˭
費
ܽߵ÷ɿ죬ŷŵյúܣѵҪɲɣ
軹ǲ𣬽ߵ÷ɿ졣
ܽŷͻȻЦ̧ǰͷȥôûɣմһ
ɡǰվܽһۣԼû£ûпУȥô
ܽ˴ƫģǰͷŴӦ˿ҪϲȥˣҪȥ͡ʲô·뾡취Ҫʸ֦
ֱҪЦˣȥྩˣһܱƲɣصĿ˿˼Ҫȥ˼Ҽҷ粻˵Ը⡭
ܽһ˦ӣޣҼޣʸ֦Ͱ̧ȥɣͿȥûϣ
ָۣžҪȥܽ
ƿһֻѩַţŲݵӰ
̧ϲ˿΢ǴЦȥ

2

˲ɣֱܽŭȸղֻ಻٣ǰǴԸȥ͵ģΪ˲޸֣Ӷˣɸ˼檣
ϲһ˲Цˣܽڹң
ЩˣЩƣʣϸƶ
ܽɫȻñ䣬ҧŹ㣬ھˣҲһᣡ
һ첲ײϣЦǺǣ֪ҵĹŮǻụġŮȥء
ЦţߣһһߵϻؼʹӷĶˣЩҳϡ
ݺס߶
ʲô˵ͷǸ󷽵˼ңѾߵͶӷųȥʲôȻѾȢޣ޷ָأ˼ˣҲΪ㡱
ǰͷλ˵ú˵˵ȥҪƯ檡
ϲܽͷ˹ȥıֽеĻɵ
ܽһ˫ÿһ˿ȣ߳ŭװΣ͵Һ˵
ѵ˵ˣǰ˵Ը檣ϻػ˵Ǹͷӣȥˡ
һ˵Ǽ޸̫࣬˵ʲôϴӣƴҪȥڵã˲ѣɤӻأǰͷ檵ģ㶼ϸҪȥˣ
ܽһͨϲüңʵ㲻Ҹ˼檣
ܽٴ˲ͨ졣
˻𣿡ô࣬ͶˣôͶûȥأ˲ɣ
ϣܼˣ˼ͷӡϲ·ûܽߣգգۡ
ܽЦ㲻ǲô
ϲͷ
ܽЦˣУ֣ǱҼޣҿ˵ʱмˣѰٻϼޣǾҼޡǿֻһ죬û¶أȥĸ֦Ĺ檣һŮָͱˡ
ˡ
ϲͻȻĻ
ܽҧͷ㶵ؿ
ϲţתЦˡ˵ЩΪǶǮȨץס⣬ϲĥŮˡ
ܽƬ̣ü˭˵ģ
ϲͷ֮ǰڴ˼˵ġʱи㣬·Ĺǿ°ȥû¾ˡ˼˵Ǽ˺ܶ취ʬ״ؼңڳʱͿûһ⡣ʬ˵֮ǰĥµġ
ܽ˸սٶһѻ
һ˵еĹϲһĥŮˡǲȢؼҵŮ˵ӣĥȡ֡
ܽӶض˶Żҡ
ϲҡͷûС
ǰϱӴӵӡ￴Щ߰Ķ˵ѡ
ԭʲôԭͶԾҲϼ޸̫࣬ıմľ
οԸû޸ͷŵѸ
˵һȵٴʫд֡ΧȰٰͨҪ̻ϵѵ֮ı¡
ȵȶʶ֡ҪģǶЩ˹µı졣ͨˣϸһڴȤ
һȣҲʶˣֻЩŮ졢üϵջǡ
ϲļ䣬ԭСǱһı׼ġ
ôһǶʵʵǶҪǱ£˵Լ·
У⣬ȴϱС
޸̫һȥѸƴһܴܲĺͬһ·
﷭˺һ󣬲ŷѣæϲȥױ硣ԺźСѾͷ֧ʹúһתŽ˵á
ϲųŵʱһֱվſڵܽͻȻס
ϲͷ
ܽüʣѰһأôǱһˣ
Ǳˣѹͻһ
ϲ촽Ϊү˵ظֻˡ
ܽĬãƲƲ죺
ѡͷݵϣˮҲǵԲĲҶ⻹רŵּ
ϲǰһһϡҡһȻɤЦÿ˾õˣ
䣬ϲ;Լĸ첲һУŲҵż
ϲ̧ۣ¶˫Ȼ۾
ǣˡ
ϱھϺ̸⣬Щ˵۾ͺ޲ܶϡ
ԭϱӵøãҲѹֻᱻ뾡취ʸ֦
áи˰ֺſھҪ³ͷͱһЩײ¸첲
ֺһЦ֪Ƕ˼ˣݿͣ
ϲ°ݡ⻹Сϲļ䣬Ӱͬƶ֪˶ٱ顣
΢΢̧ۣǸЩĦĴָϵİָۣϸϸԼ
Ǹץġ
ʱֵߡ
Ҫ߽ǰϸ˼
ϲǣǰ
ת
֡
๫
Ҫÿ˿γࡢֱ۷ɫ۾
ϲһһȻЩ裬ûг
ôأһ˺ٿڶˣһ͡
ϲóǰ漸λҲһôͷţǰ棬ͬѡһµİڼһ鿴
ǸЩܽҲôվţ˴
֣عϣѾÿϡ
ܣһģ֮ǰǼá
ֺΪѹֵϵ˵
ģãλá͹ȥܲλģǸġ
ϵ΢΢ס
ֺҪģõģֵôңãҪ
Ｘꣿʲô
ؿڵˡ
ʮ塣ϲϲ
ֺ۾ˣܣҲ
˺һۣ磬ⲻڸŮˡ
ֺҭסͷԡ
۾Ѿˣ֪ˣĻܵʲô̹أʣ˿Ů
Ȼˣ
⸱ģγȥĸ˻ܰѳ֣
ֺֻϿ̡ǳ⡱ĸˣҪǱϵ˲ģİ
ϲԺѵõˡ
еʮֵ꣬е˴ٹ˵ۣеıͨϵȥū̧ƽޣٲõҲƽͷյޣ̨ǰæӺúùȥġ
ϲǻͽңЩ꣬ۼԽԽӹ˳ɻϻ˼ģ˼ҡ
иüǮҲиǰ̡
ྩ֣ǶǲˣһǮûҪǰ˱˵òʧŮϾЩ֣ø˻̣ˣﲻþ
ͲѰҡ
ֺģȻʮϲʱЦ˻ҼҵŮþϸϲʮΡ֬ˮۿɶ˼ﲻӡԣƸŮø
ָϲһƳӣǸеѹʱ˼Ҷе
ţֺѾг
ǧǼҵĹɲɣ
ǧ
̸ɹϲһʱ°ͿҪˡ

3

ֺͣšԼһѣǧ̫˰ɣ
š꣬һҽУôۣȻΣҪǧ
˿һۣջغٽ첲
ǰϲĸ첲ǧɲ󡣵겻ǻйʹԺƸһλͽǿǻǧϸŮòΣѵֵۣ
ֺյһߣҧʣȵ۹λǣĻǧ
һۣң˭
ܡ룬ȵۼݱ󣬵껹ǻʺ̫һ仰ȥˡǧôû
ֺ˵żⱻ˺ݺݲס˼£߻û˵ĻӲֹס
֮ĶԻʵѹֻΪǵϲ
΢΢üֺܿչ
΢ۣٶȴ
񻣬ʮͷӯжȣϸӯһգϴȹŲʵЩɫҪǻһѣٴϸɫΣֻǸ˶Ӳ
λˣλŮƸ𲻹ǧʵ˵ùˡ
轫ϵ鶼
öˣȻǿףºԺźСѾͷ˰ϲȷ˳ȥ
ҵµһ˲ϲװͷ˵һ䡰˿žǲǮ
ϲͻԺӲʱϲػˡ
Ժȥǰͷ͵Ĺһʱ䶼˹
ߣһĶǽ㲻ݳһңֵµŮǸĺģ
ܽȥ֮ǰҲȥ˼ͣϧ˭ûɡ
ܽռһϲȻҲȥǰͷԺĹ͵źϢˡ
Ǻöĵģ˸ССĶľ֣Ķעϲһܱܲϡ
һûϲͺ޲Ժӵĵ
裬ϲҲû𣿡
ԺóãҪöûϣǰͷλǵŮۣܿ
洺ģϲһǱˣ
˵ĲУ˲ϸЩŮ˵ֱӱϲ
Ůץϲ־Цʰʰ͸żλүȥɡ
죿
ϲס
Ͼų£ûﲻܶеġǰʱϾûʲôŴ˼żˡ
ﻶϲȻżһЩⲻҲ˵˼үô
ĩˣѹս˵ɣţǰźʱ̫ɿɲǺ¡ģãָ˻Ǽ򵥵¶
ϲ˵˼ϣɵץʱӣӳʡýӻˣĸûС
ϲ
ֺǺǵģһ뵽ǵֵǧ޲ϲڡ
иӵطȻҳϡ㵽Ǳߣŷӵһ껳ϣڶС
ϲԽ˵ӣЩЦá
Ȼ費Ǹ裬ԭЩܻ꣬Ǽڵġø˵ЩҲǺġ
ţͷܽⴳ˽
Ҫϲߣ
ͷǰͷ˴ߵüǴͰ˴ߵġҺ˵˵Űһ
ܽúܣֱ׷ʣôòҪ͵˼ʲôŹְɣѲ˿ˣɸС檳ϲ
ܽ䣬﷿ĹѾǶͣ
һƬĳĬУϲվԭأü΢΢̾˿
檳ϲĵЦˣܽĸ첲Է˼ңǷ޷ָأͷӵľЩԲסɷ򣬾Ҹɷź˵С檡
һǾòԡܽҡͷԷҪ˼ңôݡ
˵ܽһۣתȥϲɱܽ˵ú׼׼һ磬λͿɾˡ
ϲӦǡ
˵ת˵Ҫϯ棬ϸС
ղŻͷܶ⣬һתۣͿֻʣϲܽˡ
ϲͷ
ܽĮغһ췭˸ۣҲ֪Ǳʲôס۾⸱ģҲˡ
ϲü΢䣬Цһ޹ԼΪɡ
㣡ܽʱȥôƤ˺ü㣡
ϲЦ
ԭЩûʱϸԵСΪʲôޡ
СϲСЩºô᲻֪СȻĿİ󣬵һһưҲǻﻥһ𳤵͡
ֻǿϧСϲѡͶԾԼδ
ܽԶ֪һ𳤴СãѾ뿪硣
ԼϲĿЩ̫ϧܽ˶ϵĺëʲôôң
úÿ
Ȼܽһ
ϲЦҪˡ
ܽվһԣü߾ߣͬ˵ʲôȥˣҪ۸Ժ֣ۣԣȥ˺ƤʲôҪǱ۸ˣָԼ͵͵Ŀޣ״Ҳ棡
һɸֵı飬Ǻ޲̰ԼЩ˳ܵı£ȫڡ
һʵҲϲôʰԺźСѾͷܴߵĶװá
Ժ˵мʵģҲ˵ġ
ŮҵĻ˵һϣϲͷǡ
ϱӸ̸⣬ҪƣԿۡ
ڶ죬ǰһյĿ˹ϲˡ
ٳǰĨᣬ˵಻Ļ
ϲο˼䣬ڿ˵ߴ˳
ֹһ̣ܽԺ˳
ϲ
ܽĺƿ󿴣ưŮȹ׷ܡ
ȥྩҰҽ㣡
ܿʻ˶֣֪˼ֵ⽥е
ϲ˳һ⿴Ѿһͷ
ϲǶֵ죬ֻ˵ԼǴྩģҪȥݡ
ģ
ϲһ֪
ǶֵֻûԶŵѾͷһʲôûٽ
ӵͷбõĺͷӦ
ϲͼͷͣŸִֻҪȥҴԻ϶İͼƣĳضıǡ
λү˴ϲȥ˴ϣͼ˴⣬ʮģŮѾ˼װϡ
ǵڣ֣ϲһ֣ʾȥ
ϲתͷȥλү
үæź͹ʻǶү˳˳ֺܵǺ֣´ǰһǺֹš
˵ЩٿŮνвһ֣һڣúְߡ
ϲźµ֪Ů֡
֮죬ƾϱⳡˮľͷܿһϤþͰѼŮҲ˸
ǸĽһŮǶС״ԪΪãʫԣܵλүءֻƢ߰Щͷһ
ĸߴһЩĽû֣Ǹؤ·ϼģ˾תˣֶǽԺӲģû뵽֮ӾҲһԺӵͷġ
ӽСǶƣǺϲһΪ˵͵ܵܣñүׯԺ
ǺһҪȥźͬһ˵ġ
ү͵ү˵ֻΪģϲŮͶȰ
ǰλүӦֲźˡ
ôһ룬ϲá
ϲһڴϴ˽һµʱ䣬ͷ˴ֻ·
ϲ뿪ʱų´ٵѾ˴Ľ֮ʡ
һصȴ֮ǰ뿪ǴΣҪ·
ͣʱ򣬶Ƶƿ˳һǡϲųڣͷѵһۡ
ֻһۣЩʲôΡߴţʲôſֱͦվͳͳŵҶ˹ȥ
ϲϵ֣̲סۡ
ʲôġӦûǮİɣ

4

Ȼ/
Ǳ͸˶Բԣ
ĸˣƺȻΪ/˷ܲѡ
鵭΢óطʮ⡣
Ψϲ¶ãȻ
Ǹˣϲʡ
Цһ̧°ͣ㵽Ǵĸ³ģȻ󾸵սû˵
ϲתͷȥơ
ɬŤ£ȵ۵ͬĸܵܣҲǵʥϵ塣˵÷ʣºͣǫţϳ۳ɳΪ󾸿µŮ˭лܽź
˵üһ𣬽˵
ϲߴߴѵӣԺĪ֡Բзۡ
ԣ׷ǷۺôܿƬƵ񶼴߷ֳɵĹŴˡôִ׷ǵģ
ֵͷĺóڡ
ǸҲˣ/ǴǰеطͬǸź˵ūѾߣԴöҲǶá½Ҫģʱʱ⣬죬Ҫ˵һ仰ɶһ·ͷۣ˳Цȥ
Ӧǡ
ʱȻӱϵĽŽȥˡ
˼ֺ³Ρ
ϲŵÿտΧĻȴֻİǽߣǰͷת䴦Ъ˼ŽӣüĿСڽαߣü˳ۣϽΡ
ϽΣС̧ţԸ棬ֺܿһǰ¡
СǺܿ칪¡һʱӴŵͷ˳Ǽ˴ţȻֽһ۵СԺӡ
һԺӣȥ˴̽Ϣ
ʱգӦԺһӵĻҡ
Ժ˼СݣѾ򵥵ʰˡ˶ߵӣŹȥһסϲͺͶһߵСݡ
ǵͷһûмǼһԺźӡ
ȥλүǣϲͿ˸ɰ
֪ǸҲǸģ¶ӣƲ˵/ɲ˵ĵؽ硣үϢҲģ
ҲǸźӵˣôôͬ˵
ǸƢȴЩư
ɨһۣߵź˵ģҲź򡣹ҪڳѵˣҲҪү˹ǡ
˵꣬תŤҪߡ
òУһקӵ֣ſھҪѵ⡣
ϲԭ£״߼Ŀ֣תק˵ӡ
Ǻֲúִ˦ϲ֣ŭˡ
ϲ̧žߡ
̲סһʲô˼
ϲһۣûʲô˼
ӹۿ˵ͣʲôգϲʲôˣ
קק䣺ϲҲǲǣԲš
ʲôţǳˣ뽫óȥƣмƲƲ졣
ϲٿߵͻȻһЦ˽ҡ
˵գ߶Խˣ첽ȥ
ȭ޷޵ʲô˼
Щ£ԥԥǾҡ˵Ķԣ
ǴˣԲۣݴĶͷ뽫үǰ¶
򣬰Թؿÿүôῴү˵ˣǽҪźүϲŮ̫ޣǳ˱˵ۣôҲ벻ɡ
벻үۣ˭룿ü
ЩǼ飺Ȼˡүһ۰ģ
/ͷһΪ۳ͶٵĹϵݵĵƺϨˡ
ϲڴϷ˸ϴͷ˯˷ĺҲ˲ȥ뽫/ʲôӵģûã˯˹ȥ
һ˯̤ʵ
ڶʱϲˣתͷһƻűͷĴ˯
űˡ졣
ϲӦһͷֺܹˣЩˡ
һɤӣǶƻ˯óҲϲӴҡˡ
˵λܹܣѾվԺˡ
ﵽ硣
ＸͼͬֻλܹܵĵЦ
ϲϸǱܹܡǸӵ̫ࡣԼĪʮ꣬һ˫۾ЦǸͺƢˡ
Ҳǿѡ
Ǹ˵ģȻЩϢ̽ߵλܹܣȴǺܶ˶֪¡
ܹţһͣİ鵱ǻӵʱź򡣵ȵҲŵ/¡
ʮ඼ܣ˵ȨĴ
ϲλܹܣ
ʥֶӣȵͬͬĸֵܡֵܶʮ꣬һֱһΪ̫ӣһΪ̫ұ㳤
ʮʱΪһʣǻӵǻƵ۵Ļַ˹ݾʱķء
ıȻ͸¶ֻ˵뾩ʼΪȵ۶ս
ȵµ۵ǻͻѾ֮Ȣ
Ϊս³Խٶ뾩սƽϢݡһֱྩ
ͷ˸մϲ˾֪¡
Ȼܹܺܿһ׮Ϊ֪
Ҳ֪Щ¡ү˵սݣʵǽеʥϽ㡣үֻڷ߶ྩگǰ
ܹƽƽϲţ߱㴫졣
Ƴȥƻŵס죬񶼱ɫ
ϲջĿ⣬һүӦûȨƣʱԼȥϣִ˼֡
ôһ룬ʱࡣ
ƳһۣүԳ׺ͷ־أ룬үԸȻӦ˴¡үźŽݡǰĽͣպָ˳/İӡ
Ŀͷɨ˼أǶ࿴ϲۣŵֻүҪҪź򣬵õүظ֪
үڸУЩż
ͺЦү䱻أɵ׻ͷ£Ȼնڸϡ
Ѿ͸˵ԣүټ֮ǰүԺźͻᶽú¡
λźүģǡҪǵʹﲻ֪ĶͻȻһɤӡ
ϲͷȥ
Ǻһ˫۾ɵùԲ¡Żһ˿˿ķ߿ȫȻͷ
ЦЦش
ǱŵϸˣȻ/Ȼźүġ
ǡ
ǰɨҲźү
һ仰ס졣
ﲻ˵ˣȴǰ˵ǣСߣûʲôǸˣƤ֣ǵòʧſү鷿ӿҪ̷ģǵȥǶ
ĵͦģ
ſڣ˴Ļ
վߣܹܽ˵Ļ
ϲע⵽üβһʮֲģףһλ˵þķˡ

5

ˣҲûвֱүźĵû˵ֱߵǸǰ˸أϲǰվ
ͷģá
û˵꣬һתɤŰθ
ǼƣͺƽүѵСѾһӸ¡
ϧүǲϲɫϴЩH⣬ֻҪˣ
ܹԿƤһüû˵
ָűô˵ˣըˡ
ƫϲţ¶һãȻƺӡ
Բ۾Ҫǳ⣬ȴһץס˸첲
ʲô⼸ҪǲЩүʹֶϴҪβͣͷ
˵ߣͷֺݺݵϲһۡ
һһǸֵġ㽫үҪڸﲻʼįͬЩʹӽˣǾ͡
үҪ˭˭ġ
ųݺ˰ѻĸ첲
˶үע⣬ǹհСʱ˶ˣһˣҲ±˱
ϲŻ𿱻ߣȻ˶˵ʲôϵߵ
ٻصǰʱ仹Ǹüͷ˵ǹģ֮ǰҪࡣ
ܹܵİǰźܿܽϲ
ϲǰֻӾʲôӸ·ƽḸŮӣӴ˺㣬ŶΣ֪̣Ůӽ˸ѹûٹӸź
룬Ⱦһʱϸǰѵܱ䵽λ
Ҫ㣬ܽźӣָһҲûϸһʱ䡣
ſȻ׺ʵϻ治Ƕʲô֡
ٲϴѣҲǷڿ༸䣬̶ûлϴѣСѾ˭Ҳ׼æ
ǸޱģЩçײ˼κ󣬾ûƢʵʵѧ¡
ǹɣҲûգͰ˸裬ȻûԵʲôͷ
Ψϲ
ΪĹϵţ𿣬ʱʱء
ʲôɨԺӣʲôιʲôˮػۻЩҵĻһԵĶѹϲǰ
ôˮ᣿Ӷرܿˮ顣
Բ𡣡ϲطˮͰЬѾˮʪȹҲմ˲٣ʪһ
бǰ죬ͷˤˡȥιС˼·߲ˣݹǿ㶺档
죬ǽˮ͸⸱Ǳӡ治ỹǼٲ᣿òǻԼʲôĹɣ
ϲ˵
úšôû뵽徹Ȼز
粻ֲܿᣬ˵ú磬һЩһֻ
ֵ֮߸󣬰ſͺõġ
ÿ߼Ҫϼ
ץͷ񣬻ֻһϣϳ̵
ʲôͰˮ´ΣˮεεҲͿ˴ˮͰ
ЩҲˡ
ϲ̲ס˶ָ
˼죬Ѿĥ˺üط
ϱⳡϵĻԻͣڵķϲ
ϲ
ҪǱЩͬºͺǿ⸱ӣһЦڵϴ
˵ףԹԭ
컯Ūˣ˭ҺúõĹԸⱻĸңӴ˽εΣϥΪźһˣʮ׼
Һ˵û𣿡
ϲȻ˻𿡣
ˮͰݺһ߷ͰˮȻ࣬ɽˮҲܴʪɴԱ߾ļѾߡ
иòʮѾߵ¾ͱŪʪЬ࣬ŵҵЬӣ㷢ʲô裬ĪʲôƢ
ޣһһڣЦʲô£ֵõܣ
ѾҲǸ̵ģ¾ȥƣǸʲôүڸܹæǰԺ£ںԺˣ
֣
ҲŲҲүԺźѾ߰ˣʲô𣿳ڳôļӣ±˲Ϊүźģ
ѾǸģ仰˵ûǺ
ϲȤȥˮͰͬʱ䡣
Щ˼˶Ϲ˿ɣȰʵŸԼ޳кͽΣǵǮһѵģ
뵱үķˣҲȲȵùҪ˵òûУ
ظңϲˮͰվһ߿ţֻһǸҵţҴˡ
㲻ˣϼСѾҲηηǽԶѾһתϲһǴģ
ϲӦǡ
ҲǡѾ߶ϲ΢΢һЦǰ˴͵/źүġ
֮뵽ʲôݵ/ྩǸ£ұܹ
˵ģǶҲˡ
ϲʵ֪֡
Ѿߵҽлü˷¡
˷µ
ϲ΢΢ЩԾ
üЦүǸɫˣƽѾ߽ǰҵó˱Ӫүֵܹ¡
ü˷£ǱүźҪࡣ
ϲͷҲáϵһһǶṴĶǣԴףʲôȤ
üڿĿȫޱ֮ɫ㰵ͷЦҲϲˣҪҰܹͬ˵˵үˣͰŵ˷
ϲȻһȥ˱̣ҶһģվüģҲ˷ȥˡ
ϲͷ֪
üҲǸ𿡣ڸֱײģײүϳȥȻôݡҡ˭涨Ǿͱźˣ
ϲһͻ
üЦӯӯģղŸ𿳳ܵǸսôô˵ˡ־䣬ԼҪɶ˻ȥ⡣
ü˵ǡûԥصֽӶǳԼϵģԼѡһ·ӣαطҪһˣΪ˵谮ҵģûȤ
Ҳǲܡ
ϲü䵭ļᶨü룬үǿˣҲӲ˵ġ
ϲϸ۵
үûǽʲôǾҲҪǾùˣܹܡܹүİ鵱ǻ𿻹ǰˣݡ
˵Ļ˵ˣü뿪
ϲˮͰ۷ȥˮü˽ס
˵ʲô
ϲ
ü˼Ǹ֡ǲ֪үǣֻܲ
ϲ⡣
üЦЦָָԼָָߵķ
ҽлüǸл𿡣ͷȡӸ硢ȡ֯˵أ
ЦԶĻüϲˮͰ³
ܺã⸮ӲǸԹүǸǿ֢ġ
ϣ棬ͻĸֽʲô˸ߡèͷӥ
Լգڸϲһ˻ơ
ﲻֵ˳¡ͷµ͸ǸƢģû˵仰ܴɤŰѵһ١
ƱֵˮƤ۵СˮͰ᲻ֹȥѹ
񱻷ֵԺΪպ㣬֮üǣϲòҲزסѹ֪ͷϹŵ˾ǻ𿡣
ϲȴǱֵ޿Ժ
ôȥ
֪ϲȥƽ
ϲ⣺޿Ժôˣ
˵֡죬˵
ϲȥֱҡͷҲǲ˵
üڴЦ޿Ժûʲô/ƫǵԺӡ˵ͷй

6

֪ɵĽ͵üͷøˡ
ʻͺҪʸ֦˾ʹӲ٣һûɡңҲʥϴͻż˸Ů
ֻʵعһغ˺롣
벻˵ʮڵĸòĹ
˵źүģʵҲ֪Ǹʲô⡣
ϲģԭǴᵽү鷿źô˷ɵ޿Ժȥˣ
üͷɻƵϡ
ûȥͬż˵Ż
ӣʣү֮ǰ̸ܽѾߣģˮҲˣ޿Ժô£
ڻعͷһ˲⣬ҲΪүá
üģ
򴽣ˮܺùлʱ߶˭֪ͷĸź˵ġ
˶٣ǸϲģһģһͲʵܹܣҪǰ鷿ͣһүô졣
;ؿƬ̣ĸͷ֡
⼸սӴ˸Զʹ˱ڸ׽еΪܶ׵үϢеʵϵպӹɿЩ
ΨǸϲԸҪʲôʵʵЩֱţҲ֪ȡ˾ʹţߣ죬Ҫ֡
ҪȻҲŰŲ鷿ȥ
ȥ޿ԺҲǲС
У
ү鷿ҶȥáһӹȥˣҪǳʲôôճ
šüˣѾȥ޿ԺҲڣ/Լݣ
˦־ߣֱĥ׷žʣǲǸŮүǸŮ˸˺ôƾʲôҶõү鷿ȥź򣡡
ŲӦֻܺ䡰ܡ
ϾһүСһ𳤴İ鵱үǧϵݼźһǹ̫ʹѾߣ˵ݿɶһ㡣
۵˭ûùӳԡ
ϲȥ޿Ժ죬֪Ϊʲô˶˵ֹ޿ԺӲݴҲ֪û˽ˣһЩӴ϶ﴫġءòϸɲǹô
ȥǽǣ̦һأʯ֮ӲһһдΧǽ˱ɫɽ
ʯѵģģǰͺģµȣľ嶼һһ
ôҲһڻֵԺӡ
ϲСĲʯ·ߵ£ͷһ̧ܴĿһʵա
طʵƵñ¡
һүȻﻹôõĵط
ѲɣѾά޷ӵǮͲˣ
ȻЩԼܲٺˡ
ϲ
иű
ϲͷȥƼһ˫ѾٵСѾץɨվںͷֺģһࡣ
ҽȣǰͷɨԺӵѾߣ
СѾ߿Ųʮӣżѻɫıȼףͷ˵㵸
һΪһӵأһҾͲˣ
һ˸ݳ
ô˵ϲſ۾µĺȦзŸյĺۿ
Ǳӹģϲǰæùصɨ㣬ʵ
ѽѽϲæɨ㣬˶ɿԺźĽǶұֱţ£һʱ֪ܴȥĶ˵˴ɨ޿Ժˣͽӹ˵һɨܶЩ
˵껰ɵɵӲݴԺӣʣ㣬˵ƾʰԺ𣿡
ϲûпֻɨ㣬ñͱͱԺһõҶӵ
˵֦ꡱһͷ۶ϵ¶ͷյġ
ѽô죬ﵽǻġƬûµģľûµģ֣ܰʰҺ»㵽ʱֲҷԡ
һ߶ڵϰβݣһߴﹾ˵
˵˵ţڷϲһֱûлŤͷȥ㣬㲻𣿡
ϲ۶һŵ֦ЦеҾˡ
Ϊʲô
Ӧýа˸磬Ӧýȡ
ǡҲܽлġ
룬ϲܿ췢Ǹµĺ֡
Ȼֱţǰյһܳ
޿Ժʵ̫ˡ
ˣֻ֣ҲæգŽصӲݣԺĿ˸һɶ
ͷˣԺĵҲ͸¶˳
ʯשѵЩּģЬᵽһܻһ
Щô죿
Ȳµذϣꡱһֲȳ˸µĵذѲҪȫˣ
ϲʰһذ塣ذͷѾõòˣȲȥȥҲԼˡ
ĻԺɨ˺ûɨʲô𡣡
ǣҪϺЩء
ܹүԺӣֻҪòӣ˷ͳǮ
˷ǰԺϲûǰͷȥֻںԺ׻ü
üû׵ײ˻𿡣
ʲô޿Ժɨˣšüͷ
ϲ˵޿ԺĵשƬϵĵذ嶼Ҫµġ
ǿ϶Ҫ޵ġ޿Ժ˺ܾãҪ볹޺ãҪǮ㵱ǮǴĲɡ
ϲһ㶣̶Цˣô죿ôţ㲻˵үҪ޿ԺûʰãҪǺÿ𣿡
ʲôʱ˵𿲻ϳϡ
ϲеЦ˵͵û˵ɡ޿ԺǾͲˡ
˵ߣһ£ְ˽ס
޿ԺС£㡢Ҫ޾ȥܹܡ
ܹæʱˣҪҵ֪Ҫõ
ϲ˻һۣͻȻ뵽ʲô¸˿ڡ
ȥ˵ȥϢˡ
ϲΪȵϢС޲ߡһգŻֻиСӣݾģܸɿ๤ӡ
Сһֱȣ޿ԺҪʲô͸Ի
ô˵ġ
Сţ¶ţ
ţݵһС̷ĶӣСִ߽Ϥĵݺﲻȵ£ͶС
ϲϸ˰ţ֪ܹܳˣǰ˻һ޿ԺǮҹԺӡ
˭Ҳûңֻ˰ţ
ţȣּۻ޲ϲò˼
ϲô죿ţֻȡ
˳ӣŷӦòǹİɣҪô졭
ϲǣ취
ϰţ񣺡ܹܸ˶Ǯ
ߡľ塢שǮҪ˹ѣǱʲСĿ֧
ҪǮһж˵
Ҫǲ
ţϲЩɻ룬˸ŵĿҵʱܹѾ˷˵ˣң֧ȡ޿Ժ
ϲʣשߵļǮǶ٣
ţõͨǱõשߣΪ٣ԼǮߣһ¸ĵϽֱȶԲ֪
㿴ԺӡϲָָҪɵĵطԤҪ٣
ţͷܹ˵ģ±˸ֳ
ˣɫҲͰˡ
ȡۡһֱӿ˳ô죬Ҳǿ㶫벻
ţҲˣ˵ˣǣҪȥʡ
ˡϲʧЦ
ϲ
ϲϵЦһʧˣ飬㡣±үܹ֪˰ʲô

7

ŰţȥͷĹϲȰ޿ԺĶʰ̧Ժȥ
ݵ/ʵѾɺЩֻ꣬Ǳүûͷ˵/ҲͰķ˼ҪЩԺʱʱٵطֱͷʰ˳
޿Ժһֱûʰ˵⡣
ˣԺļҾȴǲӡЩҲ
ϲϱЩľͷûйϵʲô滨ľ̴ľǰ˵ʵҲʲôû
Ŷľϵóζ
ȣŲ飬ľͷӣ˵õĻ
޿ԺеļҾߣ˵õĶľͼľġ
ﶪŵһƻ壬ǻľεա
ٱ磬һСõ֦ľ
˵ͷͷǵϲһ齡һֻľͷƿһŴ辰Сӡ
ȰԹСˣˡ
ţܿ˶
һûôõеҴŻưѶ͵/
֮ǰѾܹܵ°Űж˵޿Ժ
ôϲ̧ͷ˿
ţ˰ѺУ֪Ķá
ţݾģûȴǸܵġûһᣬŰѳӻˡ
Ƕϲָӵ
ţӦãӾ˵ĵطڡ
ϲ˶ߣһ룬ӻ˻Σŵõµɫˡ
ҪܹܻŪ
ϲڰ֣һᡣ
ͻŪһ㡣
˵ϱȥ̸ʱܵľ顣
ʱҪλ˳ɽ
˼޶Ůϰȥ磬һסɽͷֵأڲҩżɽԼջ
ͬҪ˳ɽȴ˼αŸ죬̨磬˼ҵķӱεõ©ꡣ
̨һɽٴ˼ҳɽԥ£Ҫ
Ҫ԰ݶһޡ
޺ˣͳɽ
˼ҵķӾֺϾɵľͷӣЩͷˡ˵үүһסġԸߣҲ᲻÷Ӿôɽ
ǹΪǵġ
ϲǴӦ
ƵҰ֣ԼϹĥ͸޳ˡ
˼Ҷֳŵɽ
ϲ֮ǰ˼Ҷǹ˾ΪĹϻżյͽա

ϲݶϣż͸©ĿĬĬرۡ
ⷿʵ̫ˡ
ϲĸסһԺġ
ܷ˻ƣסĵطûб䶯
ԭͲϲϲۼ⼸޿ԺŪûͷĻԺӣĻ
үźүģүû㵽ԼѾˡ
Ϊ˵ʲôƶϲ˵ˣԺӾͶֱҹҪ˯ˣһţʲôҲ˵
һģϲҪСϺüꡣ
Ů֮СС֣˿ûзϡ
үʲôûȤͲһܿеһ罺ᣬӰ롣
죬ϲһһľëҪˮ׼ϴ˭֪ˮǲû˯ѣһˮſӾҪϵ
ϲӦ죬һӶ㿪ﵹˮһ㵹ڵϣˮĽֱӱ̵棬۵һƨڵϣҽС
ˮļѾܹæ˲һһϲ
ʲô
һˣô۸ţ
ǣֵӹǱͲãƵͲ°ţ
һģ²ܸ˶
ϲˡ
˹ʹء
ͷΪЩ˼Ѿ߲ûСߣһô
ҲǸ۸ͷˣŲ˵Ը
ִһ׵ˮƵģΪʲôҸǰǴӱƵģôˮܵϣ
ϲͷղ˭ûô֪һ֣
СѾ߶ʱɫѿ
ϲۣ֣ҰƵ𣿡
۸֣иĳ
ϲһۣʣԣʵҪֻ࣬ǵ϶ǻˣ۸֣ҪǷ֣һȥ٣ùүæһϾǲ֣
СѾ˭Ӧһǡ
˵ϸģҪ˭ӦˣǾǶ˴
ҲˣͷǺǿɱԩˣһʱֶԸˮ̵ţ۵ܲ˵زˤġɲ˼ϲƵģ˵˵Ǹ
ô˵꣬ϲһЦ
ˮ̵ϿɲʲôС¡ǸôϽȥɡ
ϲûĿ˼ҳֿ࣬˰֣͵ȥˡ
иСѾ߻˵䣬һץס첲۵ñɫֻðĻȥ
ϲ˵ˮˮʱ򣬶ƲŴӴ
һúõվﻹˮ裬ɫһӾͱˡ
㡢ˮˡŹ֡
ϲӦš˲
ͷЩŵĽŲͷһתʣ㲡ˣôɫô
ЩţֽҲ֪÷ˡ
С㿴˰ɡ
ϲ˿Цҿˡ
˵ͷûסͻȻתͷ˽ס
ˮղų˵¡ȥˮʱĵ㣬ˮˡ
ᵽˮʱ򣬶Ƶ۾Ѿʶˣˮšǲزסľ̡
Ҵææس˷ţϲžһ˦ë
үûأһˡ
úõĹңˣɶ
֮󣬶ƾʹݰᵽ˶ݡ
Ȼû˵ѾǶ֪ϲͶˡ
ϲֵڡ
һ𴲣һ˯һռߵӣعӡ
ҲõԼ̫ۣϴೳˡҲõĻ˴ϵﵽȥ˵ٰҹܻ
֮һ˵ӣϲʮ̹
̹ӹŹţ޿ԺݶѾ޵һ档
칫û⼸һ꣬ڰݶ޵òˡ
㣬Ƭ
ţڵϣֻģֱ˰Ѷͷϵĺֱ¼˵ĺۼ
ڱһ
ۼ̵ģҪƬ˼飬Ǿ鷳ˡ
߿顣ϲţۿ˿صţ߿
Gá
ţӦһøͬĲװ󼸿ƬʹڵͷҪ
ȡһҪͰɡҡҲȥ
Ƚ㣬ôţѹʣҪҸȥͲ󼸿ˣˤˡ
ȵСϲһݶ˴֣ĽҲܸһЩȲϣһѾ۾Ҫ۴ˡ
ţֲʱʱ̶̿߰æǵͷһڵװƬһͷϵڡ
ţôһ˵ȹȻԥ
һԥݶϵϲⲻ˴£ţ
ˣ
ţȺٺһЦȥǾˡ
䣬Ƶľ
ϲݶվȻԺﴫȫȻİһ
õ߽ôŮģ
ʶҪͷƳΪѷԵЩԺſڣͻأվһɫӰ

8

ϲϵˡ
޿ԺİˣһʱЩɻ󣬵תܹվԣʱ˵ݡ

Էѻɫĳֱۡ°ڴ壬ȻǲŴûüȥһѡ
ü䣬Ȼһ˫ĺڵ˺ҹһ̶Сĳ࣬üĿ续ͬʱڵײҿ
ϸ˵Ĳ
ӵ֪Լͽ/󣬶ǼûٴϢ
Ʃ糤࣬Ʃ顣
ûͨС檣˵ĴƷǶ̽
ʹģϲ΢΢£ɿؿĳһۡ
Ӹ£е㿴
˵껰ƫͷͽͣ΢Ӧš
Ҳ֪ǲһʱͷöϲûüջصĴĿ⡣
̧ͷ΢С
ϲôֱײ˸ţһʱ㶣ֱȺͰţ̵һүŷӦͷܿĿ⡣
Щ͵
ϲعæС˳
ߵǰŴվҳһ
ٺ֪ҲоõλһֱڿԼ
Ĳȥ룬֪ԼղŴһۣӦûб
ҪǿˣдӦòᡭİɣ
ϲǧذת̼˲֪٣λƺû˵ģֻǴʼվô
үͽһ
ûлӦ̧ͷ
ϲû
Ϲŵ׳ŵҪקקͷѾɨ˹ȥֵ˻
Ϳϲ
ϲͷ͵һ̧ͷ
ղݶϣԶĲСˣýˣһò
ϱӣûбúõġ
û˵ҲûϲʶľٶĬĿ
Ŀ⣬.аڿһĻ
˵ͥԺͻ˵ˡ
ƫԺϣĵһ˫ʣ
ȻսɱսۣѾǶ˵ʵλʮº͵ӣԴʮӲ
ߵ˱ֱոµĲߣһ䡰ġû˵ʲô
žΪͷвѾǣԼгһһɳ죬үװͷϵˡ
ϲûȤ
ûȤû͸죬ʶ͸һ˫۾¶˳
˵ڿһŻѹڿһźǾ֣ͣоޣΨûĽ
ݲȵջĿ⣬촽΢Ҵδ㡣
ϲۣܹԳԽͣүġյ޿Ժ
ԣֶ࿴ۣʲô֣
үͻȻ֣㶣صϲϲ
ǡҸ򯣬ϲġϲʡ
ϲҡͷʱ򣬼һӳǣԽĴ͸֡
ԭﲻԣ׵ĿʶԼֶдܻ֪ʲôҸ򯣬ϲ
ԭ׽ϲȵֵԼûнȸѾλϴĸˡ
𣺡ףҲš
ϲʶüͼѻɫӰǰιת뿪ˡ
̧ͷܹܿ첽ں棬ƺ˵˾仰߱߻ͷһۡ
޿Ժڣһӣֻʣϲȡţˡ
ϲ㲻𣿡ȴӵ
ϲһѣصʲô
ү㿴㲻𣿡
㲻ǻ˵үǸˣ
ȹȻȻүǺˣҲɱˡĲ𣿡
һԵİţҲæͷʪҲƬҲ֪ŵģ̫ɹġ
¡ϲ׼ݶүɱܹ鲻Щƽա
ҲԺ˲֪̫ڻʵʱܱսҲݣ߾ϱ˲ʳһΣ
ȵ۵ǻǿӲȵսǴ˼Ưʤ̡
Ҫ˵ɱˣûвɱ˵ʱ
Ѵ޿Ժ뿪󣬾ֱի
ڸڰ칫ĵطҲ鷿ƽͣûеܹ
γЩãիûüͨ硣ԣ͸һƿţīϱ˱Ƕ
ʶü
үի»Ҫõ֡ƿūҪүµ£ҪիʵЩ
ѿһۣҵĸǮˣ
Цˡ
˸ôࡣūȻҪ˵䡣
Ҫˡ
Ҳ㣬Ц᲻صһţү˵ҲĻүͿźүЩķϣ֣Ҳɿɿ졣
˭ʵ
Ϳ˿ɫͽиղλϲź򣿡
ģʡ
͵ͷǡȷźү֮һһЩͬ
ҵڣԭ̫ڻʵźӡ̫˳ʱ֣ԲϷɹҪ̫࣬ͱһ˹ȥƣ˲вŮļһ
˳ź̫ڻʵһӣʮ꣬Ȩƣֵ̫ΣڹԼȢһΪޣһӡ
ûбı£ͻῪ֦ɢҶ׳ҡ
˳ȢһңʮңûֵͨͷŮˣͳʮӣֻа˸ӡʮŮˡ
˳ԭλ̫ڻʵȻѸߣȴûͿʾѱ˳ûѧʶô෿檣ͷʱżвøλ
תʱͼСҵһ겮
겮ģǵʥϵˣҲǰ常
ԱѾ˳үӣ겮Щֵܽʵʵҡ
ҿŮɫྩվ˽ŸеŮԼרŻŮ澣඼ͽྩһЩѫС
ϲŸո룬Ҿ/Ůˣֱ˾֮·˽֪
ʲô̧ۣͬĳڽصĺɻͤͤȴûʱ
ҲŴġ
ûи˼
ѻͷÿã
͵үūſ˻׼ġ˵źȻգգۣүҪźģĻһλòǸүġ
бһСһ𳤴ĻƣЦ˹ģ·ԼʲôҲû˵
ԡѶ˶٣㲻øҽ£Ϊʲôһһݶ޷ô
ס޿Ժڿ龰֮ǰ½˻𿣬ҹ
ү
ǰͻȻŮɴ͵Ļ
ѲӦ͡
΢䣬˳ȥ
鷿£Цӯӯͳæܹܣүأ
ү鷿ڡôˣ
ŷ˵үˣҸϽóЩ͹үӡ
˵ţǰ˵ݣܹܣҽȥźүõģ
ЦЦȴǵŰֲá
Щգܹܣ
𿡣
鷿ڣ˻˼ҹ
ȿߵǰɬ޲ܶ࿴ϼۡ
үǰ͵Ľž͸Ŷ˶ƫУס
ҧյض˶ţү㿴ܹ
˵ϼϧĻɻδ䣬ȴһĻ
¡

9

үظϢ𿻹ǴС˵ġ
ŷ˼֪ͨԼɽѹûжҪȥʲôܶǸϲ֪үѾظˡ
ǸϲһģҲ֪ĸˣ֪ԼǹȻȥ޿Ժ
޾ްɣԺ־ɣүȥһӣָүʱ򣬳úʲôã˵ɡ
ԭź̫ĹŮ̫ʹ͸Ǳġ
Ůֻͨ·
Ҫô͵ˣߵ˹ĶųȥҪôǱʹ͸¡
˼ӵ/һ𣬾ʹûڹ
Ϊǹ̫ɽ˭Ҳ˵ʲôͣҲ֡
õģóմմϲ
ԺĴѾߵλãȻǲܽź򣬿ɺôʱʱ̳̿үƤ¡
ţ˵ſţԼԸԳˡ
С˵үˣ𿶨һȻԿڳԲݵڵػϲ
үһͺ޿ԺȥˡС˵ԺӲһֱûô
ϵЦʱɢøɸɾȥȥ޿Ժ
С˶һϣݵϣүܹܹȥġҲ֪ȥʲôôĵԺӣʰҪʰܡ
С˻û˵꣬ѾĻңҴҵˡ
ںͷ㶣ôܵô
ͬ壺ΪԺӻе鷳ǰŸհ˸ϵǶȥү͹ȥˣļˡ
ˣʲôˣ
һ
ϲźһߣڴݶ
ţѾ˽ˣ˵ΪүͻȻظʳıò࣬ųһϽ㡣
ټһ޿ԺֻʣɵһȻ
ݶˣʣµľЩľ塣ϲ˲֣ƻҪæ졣
үˣɵ£Ӧò˰ɣʡ
ϲҡͷ֪
һڵϣֻһشţһָ׻ƣϲʶ˿
£æץֿϲֶˮˡ
ϲһ̫ûֻˣϰ˾ͺá
ӷԼһϲ֪Ǹ۵ġ
ҲԣԭͽԺӡǰԵĿ࣬Ҳʱˡ
ôۣһΣƻ̫ɹ˼
ô˵ףЩԲ˼ҡ
ϲ
˺֡
ϲͷ
ԺվŸüĿ꣬عͷ¶ЦϲүҪ㡣
ϲһ٣үʲô
꿴۵Բ۾ȣЦģǺ¡
ϲȥի·ϣѾ߿Сۡ
ǲүߵôͷŵǸ˭
ǰЩӱǰͷõһ˵ϲ
ôһ飿
᲻ᡭ᲻үټ
˵ţիǰˡ
ϲµ߽Ժӣһ۾Ƽ˹鷿ǰĻ𿡣վ£΢
Ų˲䣬̧ۣĿض
ϲЦӯӯ޿Ժɵ£֪䵽ϵģ
ϲ£ָʲôصѵܹܽ𣿡
죬ŰŰɵĿǣһ˫۾˳ɡ
ѿţûжŭ͡
æүū뿪ǰģøõĹ޿ԺūŻصûü˷֧һǮ𿣬Щŵġ
ϲ£ͼڽűߵĻ⻰ɫɷףϥϵֻ첲סش
𿡣ѵô£
ԵЩġ
ΪĹϵҲˣСүū澵Ĵ
ϲյӣ֪«ʲôҩİõؿϷ
ѿϲڻϡ
㶼ʲô
ҭ£ɨЦӯӯͣƳվԼϵϲһӵίš
ϲĬֻûע⵽ίͰִŵպ޵
ҧҧ촽סĵĲʣүԲ𣬶ū澵Ĵūܹܵ˼ܹߵżūû϶ʼȷ£͡Ϊǵİ齻ȥˡ
ͻȻԼĴϲһ£Ŀתѡ
ʣ˵ʲô
һͷ˵ܹ˵ܹ˵Ҫһˣ޿Ժɵ¾ͽ죬һп֧˷
˵꣬ЩˣæҰǮȥˣҲ֪ôϲҵ˼
ϲŻͻȻЩЦ
˵ղųϵô죬ԭǰƵһɶ
ٿ˵ʱ򣬻ͷԼһۣҧŴϲֱӶ
ϲһҲϻȥôһϷ
Ƿ̫ƽԺ󱨸ϻƳİԹЦһˣܶ˽⡣磬õĹʲôóʲôרΪļңǮ١Щ֪Ҳ֪Ȼ˵Ҳ֪רŰѰţá
ϲ룬˵㱨ţǸ֧ǮҲֻשߵˡԼ빤Ǯȫõġ
û뵽ϲôֱӵ˵ֻ
ǲ㴰ֽϲûҪס˼ͱۣصڵִۡ
𿿴ϲһʱͷһƬհףȻع񣬶ԷѾ˵˻ͷվһԡ
Լھʧ룬Ψֱүӣϲ浾Ȼӣֱǻڶг
𿷢ѣʿеĭү
˵ĶģѴĻ
ϾѵĿ⣬ʶҡͷ͵ʲôһʱ˵
ѵĿֻͣ˲һ˲תصϲϡ
͡е˵˵ô¡
ӦһӸ£Ż𿡣
ջūţ˵޿Ժ̫ãЩҪһūҪţ㽫½˷һĿԽõĹ͵̣Ҫõ˺Ͳ϶ϡ
ūΪ⻰˵װףӦǡңūŷѾûü˱ùˣūǰ֪ǱĿѾȫȡˡ
˶٣˵ĸ֡Ĳʣ
ϲ̧ȥͶ鵭Ŀ⣬ܹ˵ͷ
ѶϢϲƱɫԭܹһʼǰֵġôأⱿֱţĥֲ˵ݶ˵һ޲á˶ǮţеʱµƱݣүȥһԡ
һ̯ʼ磬ݵ¶ϵĿӡ
һۿȥֻ˫۵ϣ¶ż۵˿ڣ˾ô۵úܡ
ȥͣߵ˼
𿲻֪Ǹ׵˼ΪǳԼģϲҰ濴ѡ
ү
ͷ࣬ؽһ
ƽ˵ʲô
𿲻ٱ磺үūֻ˷ܣûüƽ鷳ԲһȡǮū澡ūһʱæµ빤үϢŭ
ѣšȥԼ췣ӽ𣬲Ժźˡ
үһ˵췣˵Ժź򣬻ɫˣү̫źүģүҡֻһʱ
ûḷ̌תۣһֱ´˿ǰһһ׾ٵؽӵק˿شի
ϲſȥͷ֡
ʡ
ϲһ˲صǡ
ݵ޷

10

⻰ʵͻȻϲ㶣һΪѵӦһ䡰Ӧáڡ
޷Ϊвѵľ顣
ͨʱͱĸҡС죬ҲϵĻ޷£Ǽ˲Żȥ
⻰ûʡ
ϲվһᣬֱ˵ء˸񣬹ؾص߳ի
ŲԺţͷ󣬼Ƕת˵Ҳ˲Ѿ¶飬ȹӾһСܡ
ܵ棬ȻҲûիڣѴһЦ
ϲүߵ´ȥիʱһ·ϵСѾǶϢȻҲͺܿ촫˵Ķ
ǱԺźݵ񣬵֪Ϣɫѿ
ＱҴҴˮ˻ϲûԺӣغǺñ£үŻͽˣȥի
ΪԺסĶѾǶ֪үҪҪѡź򣬿϶Ҫѡ
ԣһ˵үϲѾ߶£ԺЦģҲдֵġ
һô˵ԭ˼ŵѾ˻ϻӣһһ
ôүģ
˵ΪүͻȻȥ޿Ժˡ
޿ԺôãǰҲүǱߡãүһȥͷȻ֪ʲôʱܼүء
ܹܼġϾרźүġ
ǿɲһߵ㲻˵үϲɫϲĵطȤ˵ۣ/ǾǸ롣
˵꣬иԳһЩѾ߱ЦŽعͷ˵ʲôǾʲôүĸڻʵߵʺǾǵྩˡʲôүϲɫҲƭƭǡ
Ѿ˵꣬ɫѿ
ǿɫϲúãүϲҲ֮е¡ֻҲ̫һЩүŻ޿ԺȥˡǲǶ˵ԺӻĵúܣүݺһҲûȥô
˭ү˵ʲôɣ
᲻ܹܣ
ϲģ
˵죬ͻȻԺ˽
СѾһ
ǶȷӦһָǡǱߣ
ɫѿݵشϲסݡ
ֻһϡﻩһѵĶǰľ衢˯õĴֱҵԺ
ƴңƴ֣ûһ˸Ϲȥһѡ
ϲʱŵľôһεĳ桪ԺĶһأݴļѣⱻڵϣüӼ˼ӣΪŵü죬Ҳڵ϶ϳɼڡ
ϲСѾεشк
ϲͷѶֱϡ
үȻˣ
к˳
үֻҹȥ޿Ժ£˵ȻҪϲѣҪȥŷ
ͦϲ⼸ѵġ
һΪǶɫ
ϲ͵û˵
ƫüĪЦƺЩ⡣
Ǳģ·СѾǶҪݺһһЦԵùŹ֣ͺͻȻʲôжʱƶˡ
ϲԭûġ
ϾܻôģϲԼӲ˭Сֻ/̤̤ʵʵǮܸԼʵڷΪһ˺ͱСԴס
ӣ̫ѿˡ
Ȼ𿲻ôġ
ϲϣȻְڳ˹ļƣЦޱߵҷȻүΪ㣬ҸϳԺҾȹϲˣϣܵүź򡣡
Ժﻹˣ񡢶ƻҲվڱϡ⻰˵ʵúܣֱ׵Ĳ˿ڡ
ϲˣҲŭֻЩЦ
ǰ磬õݺͱϲŮдɿᰮĶǣԴ׵ӡڿЩŮ˵ȷһ籾ϡ
˵ǹǻõ㲻Լ⡣
ϲЦﲻǹġ
ĳѾˣҲû͸ͷͲϲˡ
/ôδѾߣ⣬Ҫʸ֦Ĳһֱã֮ûгɹһΪү˼ϣڶΪϡ
˭Ƿ紵ݶҪڵģͷ
û뵽ͷȻϲô仰Ͱز
һ뵽ү׼Ժźˣͺ޵ĥĥ
˵үҲˡǰԣ˵ϲģġ
ϲϵľ뿪վǡүҲˣ˾һϲúÿŮˡҳúÿ㲻ÿӮˣˡ
㣡Բ۾Ҫ
㿴˼˵ҪҲ㣬Ҫô˵䣬żҡϲͷضϻĻʣλ㣬㾿ҪôشŻ⣿
ֱˣҪԺⱻ˴æЦеؽ֡
ϲͿɫһ䣬ٲղŵ棬ʣ׻ظˡ
ǰŸߣͷСѾҲ˼ţ׷׵ͷ뿪
һʱ䣬Ժ徲
ϲһŻصֽﱻĶʰƴͷӭ˹
ļүˣ̽ʡ
ˡ
үǲǳúܺãײףòã˵𣿻ôǲүΪѵˣ
һ⣬ǵȥϲĸ첲
ϲɫر˱ܣ뵽֮ǰ͵͵Լ¶֮ŵذȥݣһֱƵĻ׽Ц
ͦõġֻǽҹȥʸס᲻ᣬҲ֪үΪҲŽѵġ
ɿػش궫Ƶ⣬ƻ֣һ
ͦȵģҲ뱻š
ΣϲǲǲˣҰȥݣҲǡҲû취顣ұϾǺһ𡢳ġ
ϲҡͷ΢Цһסͦġ
ô˵ƵɫԽԵѿ
ϲø
Ҫߣҧҧϴա
ҶԲס㡭
ƣ
Ժӣڶǰһ
ϲʶͷȥ£վһǰ߶Žţգһ񶼱ģʮֲ
ϲûջߣ̲סСֹ˾䣺ӣҪ˭Ļһ㲻⣬ˡ
˵ָľ
ϲʶҲжʱˣȻ֪ʲôӡ
ŴŮࡣ
ֲŮࡣ
λүܿϲ
Ҳˣʵ˶óɽҶһүʲôãүֲү
ƴԵԺͼ˵Ҳ˿Ȳ˵үûҪź򡣾ǽǶźүҲүһůģཫ檡ǰڳһܱȵ̬޲үһϵ˾Լ
ϲЦЦͷƣѵ㲻룿
ƺأ
ûϲĴ𸴣ͷѾҴҹһѰקضȥˡ
ϲ߻ȥҲµػؿһۡȵŹϣߡ
Ȼˡ
Ǯ׬ǵ֣
ҪΪһˣһȺŮҶᣬɴһ¡
ȻֻǵĻ˯һ£أѵܺĽܡ

11

үϢһų/¾ͺˮν͹ԺԺⶼ
Щͷһû˵ģȵֵҲŸ˵ĲС
ǵ֪үһȥ޿Ժ˱𿶪ȥ޿ԺûͷϲĽѡ
йϵүԺźԺлѳŽˣիҲɡ
ƫիүܹܣ˭Ҳѽӽү
˭뵽ǸôãƵֻû޿Ժһ쾹Ȼүע⡣
ϲŶ˵үѵûԺô죬㻹޿Ժô
Сǹĵ⣬֪ϲôš
޿ԺǾǵѰɨѾߣ۵Ļÿ²յݣԺĽǽ䶼Ҫʰɾ
ʱǰһ̲ɨɾĵأһһҶӣôͷɨ
ﶼ˵үˣ˵Ҫȥź򡣡һ棬ϲҪȥү߾ͺˡȻȻеүǸˣһġ
˵ţӣүһ㶼á㣬㻹ǸүѾ߰ɣ͸һ
ָһѾߵĺô
Ѿ߾͸һȲ裬ʱ򣬻Ϻ̿ǻмźСѾߡûиүĶ࣬ûٲ𡣡
ϲͷʲôأ
ȰӴһŶͷ˵Ϊ˽áҪүǰͲ۸ˡ
ϲ⻰ϵЦݵ˼֣ǰ˵ʲô
ǡЩġ
ĻӦþ˵ҳģǮ˹ϵүһȥ޿ԺҼ棬˵˻ϲ˿˵˿ڡ
ȹǾǼʣ
ʲôüʵġϲͣԺľĹҲȲϣүҪ˭Ӧǵ𣿿ң˵һǮ˲Żүļ棬ǲǰү̫˵㣿
ȣ
ϲԺﴵķ͵ÿһǽǡ
޿ԺҲһ
޿Ժ˹æѴ͵ȥ鿴ʱôҲû뵽ԼѾߵⷬԻ
ͷ͡
߼һЦ˿Ҳⲻ˴һ˿Ρ
оôü
û޿ԺЩּǸϲ๤תի
û鷿һվ£æЦ
ѾǵС˼ү⡣
תͣҿƽҵǮյ˽֪ˡ
ͿЦãүЩǮūŻһЩүġ
ȴԲˡ
Ҳûӣֻ̾ǼҲЩТū͸ү⡣
ô˵ţ˸ĵӣʹ
ذ˰֣һԵûסѾЦ
үЦգ͵û£ǼүôãǼڸǴ򷢳ȥ
ѳĬ
͵ǰЩүһǴ򷢵ġĸүû˵Ĵ㣬ɴ򷢳ȥ
˴鷿⡣
ϵǣͻȻҪһ
͵ˣֻһ˲ӦӦǣһš
˲Զ˼;ͷһ̾
¿һ⡣
ҡͷȴЦ⣬͸ŶδãһأҪˡ
ϲ˺ܿͱ쵽ի
ⲻϲһˣիĻѾľ̾
ߵĶƣ۾޲ܰΧжһ
Ҳˣһ˫۾Ĵ߻̲ס̾
ԼЩƽױ˰Ѹ첲ѹѵһ
վ鷿ԺͼŽգֻ˰׽硣
ǰվỽү
߳ţͼիڣһʱҲ˼֡
ĿϲͣϢſ༸ˡ
ĸµ̬һ
ǰһˣòһϮźɫ΢ͷŶɫٵȹͷϴ仹һöһ׺ŵζ
ˣҲ̬Ҿ˶ٹЩŮ
ֻǿϲٿˣǰһĸо
ֻʣƽƽ֡
ʶؿϲ
һ²ͬȻ/ѾǴһ
ǳɫİۣɫĳȹͷϲ⣬ȹ¶ЬӸصĺܡ
ǡͷŵĲۡ

ϲ֪ԼڱǸʲôӣ·ϣǱһ·
ɨߵһۣһ
ү
Ȼأ
ϲ
ϥһ᲻˵һ
ʱơӴһϥһ˵˵ϡ
һ԰ͻȻ飬ȵְ˷
ôôСģ˵ţ΢žӯӯһݣү彿ʵǡЩվסˡ
ϲ
˵⻰ʱ򣬶Ƶɫˡ
Ҳԣһ彿ŮˣһҪõ˵Ӧǵһųġ
ǲɫϲһ
¶治ӣҪŮˣһҪõĻ͸ÿǵˡ
үҲǡ
ƼæҪͣһ̧ϾкڳһƬֲԾ˱ܡ
ʲô֣ʡ
¶ϲɫǡͤͤ£紺񡣡
һޣϧѷǸϹӼӣֻͷֿƺ
˸ԴԼ֣ѯϲֻ˲˵һʱ䶼Ŀϡ
ϲµָ΢΢һ˴ūϲү
˶ˣ͸˵ʱ
ݰô˵Ҳź˵ġҪǣȻΪ˴֮һźš
ϲ鵭һǴͷ͸ΡǸղűͱһĶƣʱ˿ҲܿԼ
һϲ£ͳش/ˣΪǼȻѾǸˣøǻһ֡
æү
ƺ󣺡ү


𳡣

̫ƽ
Ƕơ
ֵϲȴͻȻͣ
ϲһͻ˫֣ŵ̧ͷԷ
Ҳ΢ַܿƽͽϲظˡ
ָˣ˾ʽ/
ĸм䣬˭Ҳûбź򣬵£л
ֵĶɫԺһЩϲһƽڻȥ·ϣⲻ˴ս˵䡣
ľͽϲ
ϲͷ㲻ǣ
ơšұд󻨣ңʱĽ͸˽жơ
˵꣬ͻȻҿ˿Ȼͦͦظү̫ƽǲΪҡ̫СЩ
ϲһʱһŵ񣬽̫ƽү˵ˣ˶ô
үΪʲôΪࣿ
ϲͷҪȻᴫȻΪү

12

аһ䵭ĿǣʱͻȻ˵˵ƣϲ䲻һ£ëҪ
Լĸ첲ûʲôزصġүǼһң޷ЩȤˡǾȴֱɲˣиѾǲܲסʹ͡
ʵ˵Ȼᣬɫÿ
ϲ˵껰ղա
׾ͺáүȻǽڴ˵أѱлྩһ졣Ҳ㽫ƣ㲻Ҫҵĵ
ϲͰʶһȷıԼľġ
ȥЩߡż⣬ı¶һһҪķˡ
ڱĿġԭϲ֪
ЩûȤҲûȤ
Ϊһ/Ļ飬ϲǺѺõرԼףãףɹ
䣬΢ĽŲԶ
ϲŤͷһȻƼվ˺棬ʱȻôˣҲ֪ղŵĶԻȥ˶١
ʶȥߵɫȻЩѿ
´硣
̫ƽһ
»Ƽϲվһİ΢ȻЦЦ
ֻЦЦŰûа仰ǿϲ˵ϲ
´硣ϲ
ЦЦղܹ˵һ£ⶣҹת
һ仰˵꣬˶٣ŵ޿ԺͷйͲɹˡүիҪһڸǰź˼ȥʺϡ
ǡ
ϲЩˡ
ԥ£ʣүǲǸˣիŵĵط񡢰ʲ𣿡
ҡͷﲻǫ𣬹͵իźɡ
һ㶼롣
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µիǱߵ·ݣÿһӡ
ϲ۾һ¡
¼үǸƵģڣź˶һǮ
۾ˡ
ǰྩүڸУÿÿ¡
ÿռ١
үʱʹ͡ʱһϯ棬ʱһӡ
ϲǰЦϸô£ʱôûִᣬֱǱǲˡ
Ӫ˲ţ۵㣬˵ܳΪ.ͷĿ
Ȼ֪ȥիһʲô¡
տգҲ͸ſտա
ͨѾÿǮǶţ
ϲʶ˶ָҪ㣬ЦŵǮ
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ģһᱣү֮ģ
˵ȥ֮ʣһײߣžźݺݽѵ˼䡣
˵ڳϴˣϴϴţޡ
˵̫ƽˮˮʱ㱣ˣмѾߺһ۸
˵һĶݣ˭ûܰȵ˯һ
ô˵ϲȥҶ
ȥȣ˵Լȥի£ݺú˯һ
һ磬ˮϴŶ˫Թ򼵺޵Ŀ⣬ȥˡ
իԺǰһ˵Żϲˣͣ»ϲ
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˵ܹ߳⣬¡
ºһ̫ĸ
һˣˡ
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ϲæӦǣ߽Ժš
իʵ鷿Ժһ鷿ţֻÿѾǽɨ
ȶԣȴߵիԵ塣
ԺЩҲһЩľֵǣЩľȫ͵ģ㻨ӡ
ֻ˷磬ʱʱɳɳ
үƽﲻźֻܹܣҺˡ
ǰ棬˵ʱͷϲɻЦܹүټĹ
ǸϺõ˼ȻҲš
Ͼիүߣܹ黹ҪŮ˵ġ
Ůˣ̽ӣҲǹߣǸֻүȵġ
ôһΨһЩģֻϲ
ܹҪͳе£ʱʱүҡʱҲүǰ˼ȥիߣиźš
쵽鷿ǰүϲˡ
ļȘȫȡ¶ʮֳӡѾǰ£ֱһŻľ̯ż飬޳ֱ۴ϥϣµָ΢£ֻһָҳָָ㡣
Ǹ̬Եֳȳ
ϲĬĬر˱Լĸ첲
֣ŸСвࡣ
µѴվĿϲͣϢ
ϲţͷ£ЩԾȴЦŵͷү㣬Щϡ
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˵ͣûе˽鷿쵹ȥ
Ϊ昆Ȳ˵Ĺϵ鷿õģ߳㣬ĿƯڿеϸ΢ķ۳
£۳ƯĽɫ
ȻƯķ۳Ҳζһҡ
ϲҷģûмôҵ鷿
ģ鷿ҳ̶Ȼ
ѹֽ֮󣬻һĻ赲·ϣԭߵġ
鷿ڣܰһĵط˸߸ߵһ顣ûЬײһᡣ
һ񣬻д򿪵ҡҡλμ£ֱЬϡ
ϲһǰߵʮ˳ˣĬĬЬϵ顣
Ҫ
ֿͷڵǱ
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ϲЩס
ͷ飬ʣʶ𣿡
⻰һʣϲüͷѾ
իûʲôҪĶʶҲûϵʰһ飬ݵϵдʲô𣿡
ڳҪôشֵ⣬̸ֹģϲüͷܿչ
ũ顷ϲ͡Ҫһ飬һϣүҪū澰鷿ɾô
˵ɣȻʶֵġ
üǰ飿
ϲСʱڴ͵͵ѧһЩĸңиŶһ顣
󾸵Щ壬ϲϵô룬ȻҲвϵõġ
˵ֻ̫˵ʶһЩ
Ѳ⡣
͵ӣȻ˾ټԼߣǵӾѾˡ
Ķϲӳֵ/һ·Ϸ£ȫд
ũңжĸţȢͷиܺõĽ㣬иͬĸӽݵĵܵܡ
꣬һ㲻֪ȥݽһꡣ
飬ѧգΪòڣһ˿УȥྩƺǴźʲô
ӣͶԾ
𣬼̶ֵܵۡ
ݵݵ·ϣʼϵƽƽ
٣飬żֻ´͸ѣһ¾ǡ롣
ձ̯
̵֬С
ҲŵӾĻɡ
ϲ˵ϵòֵ࣬ȴĬĬһ۷Χ¶ѷŵ鶼űЦһ֡
ϲ
ϲͷ
ָͻȻһ¡
ǮͱĸҪ

13

ΪŵĶ̫ˣϲʵʵһ
̫ӣϲٴеıȥ
Ǯ͡ү
Ѽûпı飬ָ˸Լϵ壬ԣǮͱĸҪ
ϲɿȥԺзɹġ⡱֣룬˵Ҵǰһ¡˹˳࣬òiһ·ʱ򿴼ԼӣҺͳǱ칫˭
ǡսߡݣû
֪˵⣬ףλش𣿡
ϲҧҧӵȻ˵ɷ칫ôȵʵϳǱ칫ǹҵʱˡ˹ȻӵĻȥĳ檣칫˭Ҳ˵˹
ѾôĿԼϲڳЦӺͳ檶˹ģ۳Ǳ칫ǲˣǿУĶһԼɷûϵڣͲǾã칫ˡ
£ҵʲôϵʡ
ϲ΢ЦȻйϵүµѾߣүӣ죬ǮүȻûүҪ
ѺȻбһ£˵滰
ϲۣʵǮҪ
㵽ʵҪ˵滰ͰĻ˵ˡ
ʵʵЦһ
˵Ĺ£ǡսߡġҿӣӦ㿴˵㣬ûס١Уͷһƪ϶ʮ顣
ϲ˳֡
ϱӶʱ򣬶˵üԲñͷϿαʼժڣ¿鱾Ҳ
»ǲڻµġ
ϲҪӦѵͷիߣӽ鷿ûҵӦʣڡ
ϲӦǡ
ѵͷʹƽֻҪիɨɣżһ鷿鼮µ²ź򡣡
ǲԱߺ˼ˣ
ϲ۾΢΢
ôˣ
ıûüڣһʱЦãȴ˶źΨ㣬۵Ǯ
ϲү˵Ҫ滰ġ
ԣˣе㲻ʹ졣
ҩأĻȻͲô˳ˡүģʳ֮»Ҿ֮£իҶȻүøɸɾ
ֻظ֤ˡ
ֻǴɨԺӣӣٸʰ鷿Ҳñīź򡣹ô룬λǮУǸò¡
˵ѱϲһ鷿ʰԼػȣվ˵
ûĴڸУϲֻû泩ĿͶŵ߶ѻɽ鼮ϡ
ۡ칤̾顷ʶĲʶģһѡ඼бĹĺۼеñīּ
ͷλµͦġ
ϲի˼գܽիػأֻǼסöˣҲͶϤ
ͣΪǾѵİ鵱ΨһܲɾͿԽ鷿ˡ
ºȻǾѵ֣Ҳ鷿ǰͣ½Ų
ЩѾߣǴѶͲˮģֻ鷿£Իȡ
⼸գȥի
Ҫ鷿ͺԺҪǲڣЩȥ
ÿջȥʱ̫ƽͻһĨǵѯү¡
ү쿴ʲô飿
үԹ
үûк˵
ϲ֪Լܴ֮޿Ժȥի˵ΪǶ;֡
իҪһֻкÿĻƿҪһÿĲ֣֪ʲôʱװƵĻƿ
ǣƾ˭̽Ϣһ֪
Щŵط˵Ѿߣգۣʾ
һȥģҾͶ֪ˣµȥիϲǸβĺӡ
һ֪һǷŴһｫү۰
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գվիš
Ժɨˣݽˡ
鷿ȥġ컨ʱɾ鷿ȥʱҵá˵úһͿ˵ǹѡ
һ϶սĴ󽫾Ը鷿ȴû͸ɹѡ֪ģΪ海ʲôء
ϲ鷿·
ĘժҪǻͷƼͷĻԼ´µӰӡûǸ˼
죬ֿأԼһ˫Ьϡ
ֻ÷ɹͷ
һһģĻƿһ˫۾
ϲ
ү
ϲŤӦЬϵĺų򣬷
Żͷѵֻüָ棬ȥ²衣
ºҲʱʱ̶̿իģԺûˣȻ䵽ϲϡ
ӦһվȹӾͷ˿֪ˣпαؿԼ
ϲ˲鷿ĘѾװˡվº˼үӦի˼أҲӰ
ͷӣŲˣͣ½ŲүʱϢȥˡ
ϲϵлͷ˳ĲĬĬ¡
˷ѣ
իûӣϲҲͲšѸ¶ˣȻǻԼСϢûã˯˹ȥ
ϧһû˯
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ԼĪʱ򣬾ѻˡ
Ϊòͬź˼ʱľƣٺãʱҲЩġ
º˲ģԺ
Ժźûܹ֪ܵͨϨơˣԺ￴ȥǵƻͨġ̷ѾȻ˯Ų
𿲻֮ԺĴѾݺ
һ龰æõµѾȥѾ
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Ϊ֮ǰܹܵѣͱ˽ѾҹġȡæСѾЩĽؿ
Ҫ˳үһ棬ˣָͳɾͺˡ
ȻҲǾ쵽ЩĿ⣬һ¸ߣҲȸԾϲԾɵģǺװѾѣ̳š
ԺھղССæ֮󣬺ָܿĳźѾҲطȥˡ
˲ڷ⣬ݺӰ
ɵ٣̵ֿʼ
ǰһºתֳһĸߴˡҲ˵ְֻ£ǰһ
ϳˣһǳŵѾѾȹˡݺԸġ
˴ѿ˿ͷҰɣ߲źˡ
ô˵ȴû֡
Ƥһüʲô˼
ҧҧźүġ
֪ûȰ˵ֱ֣꣬үݣڡ
źүģ
͵̧ͷץ̲֡
ҡǵ˳裬Ĵ
û˵꣬˵ɫѾˡ
󣬾žһյķŴ򿪣һµľ˳΢žûɢ
˵źģʡ
ҧҧؾصһ񣺡ǣү
û˵꣬ȴͻȻһţֱˤ˳ȥϵѾֱһ
ƫʱԺſڴµ
үϲˡ

14

ϲôҲû뵽ºԺƼ⸱桪
䲻ˣҲǸˡúõĹңƯƯĹȴһߵڵءڵϣѾһͷһ
ֱβˡ
ʵúǵ͵˵䷢ѾߵȹͷϴġĨģ˲Ǯ
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ϧƫվµѣǸϹӡ
ϲŵǱݺݵԼһ۵İ򴽡ȻĬĬջĿ⣬̧ۿѡ
ϱΪ̸⣬֪˺Ƶģ
ǲÿġ
Щﻹˣȵöˣˣߣӣڻ¡
еĶ˹ڵضֶţҪơ
Ҳкȶ˲ֻ֣һţø⻰ġ
Щһ
ӳı󣬴밵żܿĶŵȻ޴棬ȫȻֻʣ͸źı䡣
һ˫۾΢΢ţ
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үһ
¾ͺûпˤڵϵİǰүϲˡ
ۡǰ˵ͷȣһѾͰѰӵ
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ϲţüԼǸˣֻѾˡ
͵͵˿ң»ˣ˵϶侲ģͺ񡭡ѹûʲôһ
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ϲֻһ˲¿񣺡ǡ
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վ£ĬӰߴ󡣶ԺдҶ¡ˣɽĲϲ⡣
ڰδ֪ǵġ
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ԺѾӰתǴվ˷ǰ΢Цϲˡ
ȥݰɣүء
׼һҪݣǽϲһ㶣ʶģŲͣ˷ǰ
ﰲġµ
ллϲͷƿţѾ˽ȥ
/ԺרźѾߣֻƽ಻Ժͷ£мԷ
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ϲĿ⿴ú󱳷ڵȥ
ʶ˿ǰѾϣתҪߣȴһ䡰վס
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ˣ

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ЩƣӦǾƺȶ˵Ĺϵ
ݺӦūڡ
΢ָۣŴأһأò۵ĳײ˱֪ʲô
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͡ĸƨɡ
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˵滰

Ҫ˵滰
ϲĬƬ̣ʵ֮䲢ûʲôޡܵһԵүĶ¡ԵǺǻܹӪԼ
Ѳ˵ˣֻۡ
ãſڵһׯͷȻңׯͷǸˣڿ
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Ѷϲ˻Ʈ֪Թ£½֡
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⻰ͷ·ƽһףһ£ҵϲͷϡ
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ϲһ˲ֻܴ˼̽ߵǰү
ųڣ˺סһһקȻعԼѾͨһϥǣ˽̤ϡ
Ըоϵָ΢΢þ
ҪһŮ˶סڿڡѴ
ŮҪ˵òȷʵ˫ǷŽҲһˡҲѹڱ֮ǰȥྩźˡ
ᶯ㣬෴ҪһУֻҪűϷ
ٻˡ
һЩ£ͲʲôԲݵĶ
෴󣬻ˡ
ϲаյúܣҲ˲ϾѵˣץԼϵ֣ʹקק
ٰ鳣ٸǣүҲҲæ
ɿ֣ȴǽ˿ԼϣһûһµĦĺ󲱾
ϲһ£ס
ãҲ͸ûүҪϷң˵ɵһžϷء
ѽ˿Цڿ˼һˣҲ罫˵ˣ˿ӦӦ
ϲƵܲӦ
Цܡ
ָƤ⻬ۣ̲ס˼¡
ϲ˸սЩҴӦǣ
ԭ
ӻֵţ͸ϵһٱQҲӲһĽ
ɿ֡
ϲŴ˿֪»Ļް
Ҫʲôʡ
ϲͷվš
Ц˵ɣҪʲôõõġ
ϲ̧ۣ/Ѿܲ
Ѵסۿܡ
ϲЩʧ䡣
ϷҲҪʲôٻ󣬾Ҫлܵһɡ
۵׵ĨɫȻһ
ꡣɿڣ󣬱ߡ
ꡣ
˵˵̡̲
ڱϣ㹻и츲صı仯
Ʃޣˡ
ϲϣ꣬ҲǴʮ굽ʮ꣬ҲǶʮһꡣ
֪Ҫʲô껻һġ
ңʱ䣬һǮȥ֮ӪԼˡ
ϲô룬ϲӦá
Ѽ״ЦãˣźҺ

15

λϲүͨˣ
ϢͺƳ˳񣬲Ѿ/£ͷźˣҲ֪үλ
ǿүźģ
˵ҹԺûʲô˭֪ϲүԷ󣬾Ǳ
ģͷһ¡
ûźүǲ֪һʱûɣүң³Ҳ⼸ˡ
ϲӾѵԺ·Ѿ̬졣
ʵġĽءͽġ
ĵȴ̾˿
֪˯ġ
ŴűģȥүҪϷĴֲůŮˣȻǴ߽̤ϵλá
ǽ̤Ӳġ˯һϣʱֻҲˣҲȳˣžͺڴӦ˵¡
һ·ϵϴЦĵŻ˼¡
Ժӵʱϲ˰
Ǹģ˿ǱЩ¶ͷȻȥˣ뻹ŵġ
ϲʱһ˫۾޲
̫ƽݣϲ˴Լ΢﹧ϲϲ㣬ϲ㣬ҲǷ֦ͷˡ
ϲôϲĻʱЦãźүѡ
̫ƽ򴽣ò˼źź򲻳ء
ָָݣѹҹǱ˴ͻġ˵ͣɴˣүϻԺӵġǶүˣֻ°Ҫͬһϳȥˡ
ϲţʵںЦ
̫ƽֻǿҵϣ԰һ档
ʵϣݣ̫ĻԶҪĶࡣ𿱻ׯͷǿ̫ϡǣͲһˡ
ԼоõѶҵ̬졣
˵
룬ѡԼѡϾͿóֻ¶Լԭвϲġ
̫ƽڼ¶԰Ĳ
ôǱĻ˺һ󡣽˵үͨǽð
߳ǸߵģүպضЩ£ֽϵĶûԵҲʹҲǣҲˡ
ϲţҲ̫ƽ
ۣźͨϸ֦ĺ¡
㣬̫ƽҧ촽εؿ˵ܲүǰңֵһЩչү͡
̫ƽ֧֧ģǰĶ˵˳
ϲԴǰſСŮɬһʱҲ֪ôظ
ƫʱ򣬲Զ˵ϸһ
ϲű˼ɫѿðһСѾ߷Ƣ
Сӣ۵ĹΪԼǸʲôȻҳײǣ⸮ͷѲôѵļһˣ
үû˵ʲôûý¼ˡ
ֱ;˳ͻһһˡСѾѵֱ
ϲϸ˿ϳ޵Ѿ߾Ȼȡ
Ͳס߳ݣǰˣ
תȴӵ֣˿Ĳʣʹʹ
ϲʱޡ
ϲ̾˿ͷ𳣺жĳ𣬷ҪС𣿡
𳱾ָɣһϲյôģźү˲ɣҲѵ۵Ĺϲѵ𣿡
Ű۾Բɣһ޿ԺɨµѾߣ۾ײǡѵܽѵˣ
ײǣšȡ첲ӣ
ϲͻ̣϶Լģñץˣָɣˡ
𳱾Ͳ׽֮ǰҲǳ˺ƹƤġ·֮󣬹ϵֻӶӣٶӣʲôϵ
ϲҲֱӵҪǲźүԼүǰȥҪͨүǿǵ¡ٰѻ
ҪȻүϲɫ˥ڵĵ㲻
Ҫƨ
ϲط˸ۡ
ֲڴźµǮȥԶȵź˵ͨҪ
ϲͬȾߡ
Ϊ˹ϲģȴϲСײ˰űץŲšϵİҲģͨͨӡţûһ
ϲƽ޹ί°æһ֧ȥ׵ĸҩĨϡ
ȿ޹ˣűӺߺߣƾôһòүĳ谮
Сƨʲô谮ϲЦá
ǲҾǲ뿴ǽ⡣
СԣϲϲͰͰףءĴ򣬾ŰѺһİһˡ
ϲǶ·£֪ҩæҵģæ´硱
΢΢ЦȰ͸ź죬΢䣺۲ۣ
ҡͷˡϲ㻹ˡ
µͷӻͳһСţƤֽ̵ǹүҵģҲûȥԡ
Ĺ˭ǣһ֣۾Ѿˡ
ȴţƤֽƼͷŵԲǹЦ۾Ʋ
һŽﵱּһż⣬˵
һ˲üۡ
ڸùźŻ
ҹͨ££Ѿݳڡ
ͬһԾƵľšüͷȰģĲŮˣߡ
ȴǸԼϵѵǰʧ
ȻصѾ˵˰Ǽϲִ¡
Ժ£վǶϲ
ߵǰŻȻعϥǣү
ƳһۣЩǣ֣˽ݡ
үϲЩֻܿʣүҪʲô
ѿ˳ƿסʮָϷܹҪ㡣ǰҵͨ²ɱ⡣˺ҷѾߣźԡ¶Ǳ֡
ϲסүϻػ˵Ժɨż鷿Ҳʲô¡
իѰֻ֣ŵǿϸỬԺ
ðɣϰ˵㡣
ϲˣ˻֣ү
֡
ϲ˶񣬿վǰ¡
ϲڰǼͷ㰫ǰǰһء
ŲӰﾰȥ·ʱΪ̫Ǽȫϵζ
˵㣬ǲš
ǽŴЩѽ⣬ϲüͷ˰죬û
ʱ򣬶ͻȻһȡ
Ǿѵָüͷ
ֱš
ĸ֣ƫϡ
ϲͷһҭͼ̧Լ⿪ѣͷϡ
˵ζʱǵء
òװͷϵ·ͼڴϣĿ⵭ؿԼ
ĸûнôźˣ
ϲ֪ԼѾ˲ݵ£̹׵ԭҲǽ̹ġһأһ⣬֮¡
·ͼǣүͷۣ
ѵͷҰ
ϲߵǰҪ֣ȴȱ˴£ǺϾ˾ô˳ƽͷĴϣۣĵصɡ
ϲȭմ£۵˵֡
£ʵ̧ŶǵѨ
Ҳ֪˶ãϲΪѾ˯˹ȥԼͣЪЪȴȻۡ
ϲľӡ
ã±ۣҲ˸ģĴȵͷ
ֻȴ˵˾仰
ˣҪҪѵѵ

16

Ҫ
ϲֱش
ۣЩ죺ô˲㲻ô
ϲʵȷʵ͡
ЦһۣأΪʲôܾ
ȻͣҲûжĳԹүֽѵϲǴ
ֲɵ
ΪҵĹϵ԰˲ģһ컹ô죿
ҽǣ
۶ûĴȣƮƮ³һ仰
ϲҭ£
ѷЦȢ޿£֪檿ʲô
ϲ
Ǳ˵̫ƽòƯ
ү˵ͻﶼ˵үϲɫ
ϲͣ£Ц˽԰ɫҲ⡣
Ǵ̫ѱۣ泩˾䣺Ȼ㵣ͨܵЩȨϲ޿ԺǸɵСѾߣ
ϲ£ͷ
ѱۿæӦȡ
ȡһ飬ȣǸ֡
ϲ
ѷ˸ȴǶµհ˵Ժ£Ѿߣݺš
⣬µӦǡܿ죬һֹڳš
һϲھѵķС
ҹȻûˮֵѾǣ˭ҷɾ衣
ȵڶƼվڷΪү£ү§ǵòŮӣѾǵͷȥ
˿֪ƳѾǵͷʱϲ΢Цס˴ԼϵĴ֣Ȼͷµءšһѡ
Ǹ̰Ůɫˡ
ھж꣬ΪȵΪ󾸳ֱİ꣬Ҳȥ꣬ӭȢϡ
ֻ׵գǰսǶδԲٶȳ
շתݣ˭һŮˡ
ȻЩŮߡ
Ͼû˭ҰŮͽ/ġ֪Ƿʹһ겻񣬻һŭͷն䡣
һ棬Ǵˣ֪ܷһ
һأ
ǸβĺУŮˣ/Ҳתֳ˱˷檡
˶ϲŮɫӦûֺõʱһò
ã˵ǳ谮
̵ǹÿնͽ̷֬ݿõĲҲǵƹһƵ/
ߣ˼ߵ¡λСҹȥеĸҾ¥
к𣬵õĴ𸴶ǣүҸҹ
һʱ䣬õλݳڴԷ׷ס
͸صķǸྩĶǡ
үͻȻϣó谮ŮˣҲ˹𡣡
ˣүţ
Ůˣ˵һ޵ģ֪үģ
үζԵλȵۣ
իһǵͤѿһ͵üģЦá
ԭȵ۵̫ʦ֮ꡣȵ۲ź󣬱ü̵СʵۣȴϣǷǺڰ׻壬Сʵգϳྩ
ܼһڲ̰ͼʲôԾټǨ㣬ᵽݡ
ȵѱݣزٹԱʹ棬佻ȴżŮŰݷá
Ǹû˹Ծɵþһʦơ
ϲһϷ˿ģѹûü뵽òţһžͷȰѵһ
֪ЩỤ̋ĻΪԼһֱ˵ˣȲĹ򣬲ſڽ͡
ʦصģѧִ֪硣
ۣ֪ʲôִ磿Ȣϣ˸ŮŶãˣ
ѿЦãʦҲ֪ģҵŮѧȢؼҡŮҪǸõģֻݣҲôã롣
㻹Ůˣ
ƳתǴ̽һСȹߣЦЦһ
ﲻһ
Ư

ӣСǹأ
еܼҵŵòûĲˣץԼ游Ĺǲҵݹȥ
С
СȣǺ游ǡ£Сǡ
˵꣬游ûԼ𣬱ŹȾܡ
СȽȴúܣһͷ½ŲҪȴײһ˫תǴ̽
ϲšǮƣ֡Ϊ׼򣬰ʵֳ䵱իѾߵĹҹԹƣҲѾߡ
Ƚҳһŵ鷿һ룬ˡ
ΪֵģȻῴÿ
ϲ鷿ֱĵȥԺͤԲ裬лᷭ
ֻǳˡҲûǰߣֻܲתǣһʦѵѧ֡
СĿؿԼϲæꡱһߡ
ǡݳţƤֽ˿ǽС
Сǣ̧ͷʣүõǸ͵
ϲһڰ̲ס˼Źȥ
游ͻȻҶ鷿ˡ
ϲֻ˵˸ʵ֪߰ģСͻȻ죬¡
һᣬϲ˵ʲô
㡢ү鷿Ǻεȡǡֱ˹ģ
ϲ
СʲôϲЦãȥӤʵС
ڸү鷿游ͻȻǽˣǸүΪѡ
ˣջֵʱƼСµ˪ָǡ
Ҹǣš
׻Свġ
Сǹѹȿһߣȣİõس
ϲ˿ǹȣױ÷ȻʮֵĿء
ȵ۴͸游ģҵ١Сݣԥ£ﶪһǣȵۼݱ󣬳˼ҪˣȥҪĳϣ游ðȴӷó
ϲһ£ͷһʮֿȵۺү
⼸챻ѱڿǡÿôһλ
ʮڼңʮ磬ʮڹʮڳʮߣɣңӡ
͹ʮȴֻҪ˺ͳǰóȵ͵ĹȣȻǴĵ׵ϧ
ǺˣλȵҲһλ˰ɡ
/һ죬һֱùź󣬲Źȳš
ڼϲûȥ·һСѵ˵㷴ѵ˼ԭ׼ȵ̵ǹС
ȻС᲻Թ԰ǶϽͲ֪ˡ
ҲһϲԾþѵá
ԡݵʱпڴͷľѺȻ֡
ϲ߹ȥҪڣȴͻȻָ֣Կϵһǡ
ôǣǹ۸ܼС
ϲסͷ͡˵㡣
˵㣿ʡ
ϲ֧һ
㵹ʵѳ˾䣬Ƭ̺ˣϴȣСܼСͷгϢģԺܳࡣ۸Ȼ󾸳ϣҪվ˸һү
˵꣬۲ٳ
ϲѾϰϲȵĹŹְá
Ͼ֮⣬˺ûʲôľٶžǡΪүģݣ
վɰŰͷһֱ˶ˣһ˴ϣһ˽̤һϨ˯¡
ֻϧ˰ҹȴš
ϲӽ̤ҪѾ̤߳ȥš
ʱ˻Ŵڽ̤ϵϲЦЦ
ˡ

17

ˣ
ϲɴ۾ôͻȻˣ
ߵ£һѻ𣬰ׯˣˡ
ѸģȻֵһׯͷҲǸҺġֻҪ𿲻һܺúôϺͺӡ
ŻׯӣԼɷ򣬳Ľǳϡ
Ҳˣϲʡ
ѵͷׯҹûˣǳżҴ˹š
Ҳִˣүá
ϲ䣬ѵЦʲôãҪ˵ѵ˵̵̫޷
˵ָ꣬ڴ˼£̫ĹŮȻ˵źģǾ/ˡҪׯͷܲӣ
Ҳˣ˷Żʲô
Ѿ˴·ѰȻҪūץúͻص̫ǰϸٽһ̡´˹Ůʱһ˸ɱ˵ġ
⻰ʵЩ治ˡ
ϲҭ£뵽ȵ׸磬̫ɩӣСӹĨɩʲôġ
ЩˡִĶͷϽ˯ҪǸҴ࣬Ͱȥ
ôЩ죬ϲҲ֪ЦҲץ˱ͷһǣɻؽ̤
ʱƽ
ѿڴͷŽ̤ϻĺ쳤ֱۣŶѸϲϵı
Ʋ㡣³һ仰¡
ռŵԷʱ˵ڶ˵ĺƺ˾òʡ
ļ죬ԼĪæիҹһϲȻͲþһֱ
˯ھѵķɨɨիϿ飬ž˯ֻż˵Ѱ¡
ʣ˵ġ
ת۾Ҫ³ˡ
չһѰ嶾ֽӡ
ϲϱĵط۵ϰסСϲ֮Ҳļ￴ݳιġ
/ߣֶڵ˼ûС
ʹȲ֪ݵĶ׺ͱЩͬ
λڱأ⡣ܶϰʵƣƩ磬֮Ϊ硱ûеģԡ
ĽϣҲбոһЩ
Ϊݹϵϲһ
ôһ룬ϵ֣ȻȻĺǾûʲôϵˡ
ǰһûлظ
ϲȥիɨûһ¹ˣȴǵ˾ѵġ
£ʶʣȥģ
Цү˵ϲȥ˾֪
ȥȻҪȥġ
ȥ֮ǰϲҪһѣ/
ƹ֣ؽָֽϲƿ⿴ؽ洦ɼͷܶľ󣬲˶ʱµѣһȥһ϶˻ϲЦݡ
仹вٸ˼ҵҲһڽš
ӣǶͬһȥġ
˵طϲ֪ݳһյˣǱضҲȵʱұۡ
ݣ˶һŮҲݳС
ÿ磬ϱͷڳݸټҡҵŮǲμᣬȻǸҵĶڳϵı֡
/һͣ£жӭǰ
˵µλˣ֪á
˿ڱЦȻ˵һ룬ͼϲĿӯӯؿ˹
º۹⣬λˣ˾̾Ŀ¶ۣЩ꣬ҲǼˣȴû⸱ģġ
Щӣ˸Ů˵ݳд÷зҲ˵ϲģʮֺġɼ֪ճɫŮӣǼֲԶĽģҲ˿νĺ̬
෴ѩһ˫γӣ͸һۿȥøС
ϲλǣ
ڴЦһ̬ˡ
գգۣǶʮǰ͵ߵģҲǳһ
ԭǵ˶檡
ͨɣֻҲǸλ͵檡
ϲŹ
λЦֱҡȣ㵹ǲǸ檣
ҲֻүͨҪݣͷӣѾǷ˸߿ˡ
죬ҲѹүһƽͻȻΪҲְɡ
ô˵Щϡ
ϲ㶣ͼЦȵ˵սүԻݺ󣬴ӲǸҵ롣
ᣬȻҲʹǰһõܾ֪үͬˣҪһ
ⲻΪ˹Ϊʲô
ܴͨߵʮֵóӣλҲǸ˾
˾˵Ļʮͷ־͹ˡ
ϲЦЦһɬ
̧ˡ
άĻ˵һҲ㹻ˡ
ϲʱߵ˿̨ǰ
ϲһŲ̨ϣЦүȻ߳
ͷԶԶһƥͨ崿ڵϣɫĵ˿䣬Ȼȱףȱ˵ȴȱһþλơڵļλṫӣһʱ䶼ȥ
ʲô˰֮òԲ
ָǴϲүǶءλҼҶ
ϲ˾ѣȻҲͬϵһߴˡ
ò˵λ˶ĵȷȷλ佫
ߴͣ.µ￴Ŷȱ˵ǿ׳
һЦڿ̨ϵŮǶ
үѵӦͺһúõظСչʾչʾˣҪǸݾģĻǸˣ
⻰ʵڲ
ֱװף˵ݾ˲ˣǡ
˲֪ô룬ϲţһѾֿ˻
ҼҶˣǲǿ׳ɲ㲻ˡⴲ֮䣬˵㡭
˵ײײϲĸ첲үΣ
˵֪
ϲεЦЦȻϾүҲ佫
˿
Ṧ˹Ǳԣûܿϲֻͷ˶Ǻÿ֮ˣɱûʹʲôϲ̨˹ֳ֣Ƿ˶档
ϲһ˲˸ۣȻعЦѽҾٴĵӣҲ˴ֲǡ˭ȥԪڣ磬ѦλɰѺúõĶԺֵüɹġ
ڴЦѦӣλͽοҲˣ
ϲЩĴŸǰĸˡ
Ǹ˾ܽ˵ⷬģֻº͸ǰ˻еԹ
ˡﻹûܽܣλ˭ţ𡣡ѦϲģΣѲҵС
ЦѦ⻰˵ġҪôСֵֻҹﶼ˯žˡģãκãִģɲǽĵúܡȻҲЦѦӣֻѦСѦӽοû˴ɣ
Ѧŭ
ϲλѽѦҵС㡣ɥͻҡѦأȥҲݳһĸѽͲ֪
ʲô˼
ϵ˼ѵ˵ʲô
ѦŭĿԲ㾹ҳŪѦң
һ־Ҫһơϲǰۼֿ죬ץסѦӵ
ѦǺʲôҲң
ˣҪǻıɫ
Ѧӻ֪ݣ̨ԭֵŮǴʱɫ
ҵˡ
и
Ѧɫѿʲ
ڻͷŭʱȻͣסԾУȴѾ̨˶һԼˣѦɿ֣˫һ
ү
ѾӸ£ϲ֡
Ѧӣҵˡ˵ʲô

18

λϲ̨ʱһŮǾѾע⵽ˡ
ֻҪǸòɫˣܻעĿο˭֪ǸˣͻȻ˸ôѰݡ
ֻ˭û뵽һλˡ
Ѧӣλүߵϲͷǰ¶ӲʶҲֻǼңֲʶ֮ͥ£Ҳʵڲͼˡ
ЦӯӯѦӱµƿԡ
ȻҪͣҪ磬ȴ֪Ӻδ˵Ѳ˵ֻǿֻ
Ѧףκ󲻵òͷү
ѵĿӹѦӣϲϡ
ϲ˵ףҲǸʮС绨͡մãԵۣơ
ԶԶע⵽ˣϿ̨һŮýˣԵûŽؼ䣬еһ֦㡣
ȥʰָָ򣬡йȥǶȹ»
ϲվֱӣӦǡ
̨߶Ůδڵ꣬ûо˵껰͵תͷ˳ϡͷ˶
ô᲻С
Сȳ˹µˣȻҪһЩ
˶ЦŮ鳤
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һѦҴŵߣͼҪһͻȻĿˡ

20

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21

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ʧĴڣϲؿСѾǵ鶼
ϴĹ򣬾ѾߴߴüѾҪȥݺ·
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ϧһȴͷԾܴ
ǲȥݺˣ
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һҲ̫ˣôͲǷʣݵүûأ
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˼Խ
ȵл棬ʱʱܴһЩЦ
үҹ飬ûߵԺײɴԺ״𳡣
үҹߣ׼飬еСѾ߸ŽѯҪҪ̡
ٱ磬իĻˮ֪ƮСʫҶһҶһƪղϡ
Ȼ𳱻ѵһˮڵСѾ߱ȥչһƥ˥Ҫʱʱտ衣
ǲ֪Сʫү˳˼һƬһƬǽǵɹһѻյ
ż죬Ѿǵ˼Ⱥֺܿȥ
ϾүǸͭǽڣ˭˰죬ǲ
ϲڲȥ˯̤ĵϣ͡ᵽ/ſڡ
ҹķЩ쬵ġ
Ϳ̾˿үû

22

غ͵شϵݺܲһ
죬ܸɣҹ²ȻûдڱλãܵصӰ죬ҹԾɻ㺮
֪ﴵһ磬εڴĵ˻ΡϲҲо⣬˴첲££½
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˵Ҳδˡ˸ϳȥǰӣڶҪæ¶ԼĪ˿Ҳ뿴ʲôʱ֪Ҫ̷˹ԹԻ
ܺãһ졢졭죬ԼλҪźˡ
ϲæǰ˸Ȼ˿͡
ĶЩ󣬾һƳҲ˹ȥ
ȣүҲ˵ͺһ
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˵ĽŲᣬΪЬ·ûж
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ǳԺһɽ˵ɫǳǳɽһƬʲôҲƫƫǴӺ洫ġ
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Ѽǲ˭˿̧һѰߵͣ
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ϲ⡣
ȻүѾˡ

23

ǰԺϲʱϹˡ
һ𳣬ҩˣҲѹһ۾ֺףĻܿóƽ㡣Ա߹ŵѼѣͷң¶ͷһһ飬вʵץҧۣȻⱻйߵץҧ
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ѡһս֣ЩźŲۣˣ𷢳

24

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25

һ֧Ƽƿն׼׼ˡˡļͷ֮󣬴˾ֱǰ˹ȥ
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ЩɣԺʲôһ̫ƽ𳡭
֡
̫ƽ֮Իҩ˰ϵĹƻЩҩƾ̫ƽԼͣǲܴģͷһݹ֮͡ô˳ؾ̫ƽҲǰ̫ƽ©š
һʯıͦá
ѴҺܺ棬ǲһ𳤴Сôô뵽ҪǶ֣Ͳ¶һ٣籩¶Լ
һ٣Цһ𳤴ź˵ġ£ֻᰭ£ֻᰭ£
ϲа̾ԣ㷢Ҷڵ°һӦƭңӰһЩܶ㡭ȽҪĶȰƭȥҸطɱңҲΪҡܰ£
˵ϵд˲ΪȻ
뵽ݵݵһ·ϲò̾ǰСǸʮбµαװߡ
װڣװԸߣҲװ˺̫ƽ֮
ʿһУֻһڵĸΡ
ѺȥúÿţҪǰɫϲıúϢ
ϲӦǣɻصԺȴŹǷϢûסһŵƻǸʱסǸԺӡ
ԺӲ󣬿ʱǨݵ˽Ӷĳ£ڿյģѾûԺӾ˾ÿ
Ժվ˺ܾãõȶˣŻصݣƿŶݵĴ¡
紵Ժ쪵
ϲͷ෢۾ȻϤĽŲ
ΪʲôȥϢ
ŵ߽
ϲ̧ͷ롭
˽֣ʣү𣿡
ûС£ż򣬰ϵ¶Ҳݵϡ
ܱǸˣʲô취ʵ˭ҵġ˵Ҳµõ˭
˭
ϲʶʵ
Ѳ˵
ϲү˵ҾͲˡ
Լ㻹ʲô
ͻȻԾһ棬ϲЩ㶣룬ҽ㡣
㣿
šСϲֱû£иͬͬĸĽ㣬ϲȵҵ֪ϢҲԡ
ôش𣬾ѵ˵ͷô
ܺáСʱýҲͱȥҰӳԡµɽͷһļкܶණԹҰˡҰãܼײԼˤӡɽ
أ
Ȣ¸ǽþ˺ккĵܵǸƢ۸ˣΪұܵͷò׾Ȼˡ
ǽͱˡ
ϲͷ
Ӵġ
Сϲ˵ܺͽһ³Կܿ඼ʮҸң˼ĸŮ飬ֵǮ
ƴãֿܽĿİΪгһտ뿪ңһϵҸ
Ȼ󡭡Ҫȥҽ㡣
Ҽǵ˵ϲȵʵ
ϲͷԡϲȵϲȵ
˵껰̧ɫЩүʲô
ֻȵָۡ⣬ζЦҳ֮ĸܻΪֵȵչҡһֳڣҿ԰ĵǰ꣬ȵۼݱһѪԵͬûˡ
ϲ졣
˵ͬͬĸȵۼݱˣྩܻлڣοǻеǻСʵۣҲúһ常
ߣ뵽˵Ǳ˷أǶʱعζɵسĬ
ˣȥ˯վҪȥϲٹһ춼Ҫˡ
ϲظվү׼ôð
ڵ̽ӣй̫ƽһˣ
ûüѻ˵꣬Ųߵǰ漴ͣ˻͡
͵Ҫϲ
ϲѲƳϲĿⴥĴ㶣ʵʲô
˵Ҫϲ˵仰
һ뿴ϲ
ϲĬ˻ᣬҡͷүҺûʲô˵ġ
˵ȥǲȥ
˵Ĺϵû˵׽֮仹м϶ʱҪ˭֪ʲô⣬Ҫʲô¡
ǡ
ذļŵع⡣
ͬɫѿεصϥأȭүײǽԾˡ
ʱ̷Ѵµϲһ㽫ֵ˵ϡ
ѴۣôϽ
ǡ̿ȫԹˣǲϽ
ҲУչֱۣϲΪԼҸ۵ĵطˡôǴ/ȥġ
ôԸϲ̲ס̧ͷۡ
ע⵽Ĵ˲֪ݣֻ֪/ˡ˶ˣûҪϷйʲô
⻰û˵꣬ͱ˸ˣүǰ˵֡
ʲôѲԸջ֡


26

ʬ壬ǽ˴Ӻ̧ȥġ
/˸Ѿߣ˵ҹʱŵϵĶԼײӣˤιȥѪ̫ûȻ
Ϣȥͷкصģͬ/ʱ䡣ҹ´󲿷˻ľͲ֪飬µô˵ҲͬôӦˡ
ڰǰ˵һ䡰
˵տԼѺϲǼˣ֪
ͺǾ䡰֮ǰĻ
Щ²֪ãһע⣬ܻǻ˻ڡ
ϲײǾѣһ䡰ôͷȻҹ棬˿żʱⲻ
׶ģҲĶ˵һ
죬žѴիصԺŵʱһԻ㱨ϲֹ졣
ƽ˵úܣһԥԥģͽоѲһۡ
ϲûע⣬ݺẰһæ߳ȥ
ѿţһֱȿӰֻϡ˵ջĿ⣬ʾͣµͼ
һүϲ
Ӳ˲֣һͣαذ¡
̾һүǿˣǱӵĺáүڣ¸һŮү᲻øһô
ı̫ԣѻصûҪʲô֡
ҭס
ѿ㾿˵ʲô
µһӣص˶
˵꣬ķӦ
ѶУЦԺλģҼǵһǰһС֮ŮΪ檡
ƺλġ
ͦõġѵͷҶõܶҲǺ¡ʱϥֻˡֵǻֻ˰ƽ͵ʥһ˫Ů
үְѹˡ
ѳĬα˼
ˣ
ꡣ
Ǹء
仹ǸӣɽδزܳΪȻܻŻڶĹֱ̥˷֣ҲȻΪһ㡣
δÿɷ
үزһʱ¡үѲɴ¹ȥ֮ǰ檣澣ö𣿡
ͱϾǾѵİ鵱ֵʤֵܡ
ȢӣɼҵʹžӣͥԲ
˽ԼжŮ檡ѵ˵䣬֪ģȵۻҵȻܺһ޶ƣͥԲڣܡ
üүʥ񡭡
ꡣ
ѵЦţҪ¡
ȵʱ׵ĴҲǾСβͣһһ塱޲ܹϸһ߽Ҫ
ʱ򣬳͢¶֪ʹӵĹϵãȵȥˣдڣҲܱһҫ
֪ʲôԵʣͻȻԶǲ̫֮Ĺϵ롣
ʱѾȵٲȻڹһԼĻʵܣܸ̫Ӽλ뵽ȵǰżݱСʵ۾ͬȥˡ
ڹ
֪ÿֻҪ𵱽ʥϺ͹ֵܣ˼ͱòĥˣʱҲֻ̾һ¡
Ȼ֪͵һ⣬£ɢߴ䣬ŵ
ݺݺСѾһȥϷˡ
̧ʣϲأ
С
վߵſڽŲ˶٣ݺˣ
ݺGһʮߡ
ݺ/һѾУѾǱȽϴˡͷѹ˸𿣬ʹˣҲûóͷȻˣű˳ԺĴѾߡ
ЩϣСѾǣݺҲźһ꣬͵˸ó޵ʱ
ʮˡѵͷĻҲû˵ûж࿴ֻۣ˴𸴾˳ȥ
Сſڵļ͸ƼҪڰ֣ѵߵġү˻ȥ
иСһѹүϲͷ
СָķߣһţֻϲһСϣ涢ǰһС¯ӣȣһһŻ¯ϵĶ
촩½һɫȹ˪ɫȹ̿ĵ¿СңС
ſڿ˻ָãʲô
ͻȻ֣ϲʵʵһСˤȥ
üôС
ϲһүҪҪµʱͻȻðһ˸˵᲻ᱻһ
ѵЦҪȥ
ͷ´æ˽
үɫѿϢƽ͢ˡ
͢һ·ݰյע⡣һ֧Ķ飬ͷһͷ䣬мһͷһͷɴñƼϲ۵ڹ١
һ˫ķۣȲǹѰѰ̫ࡣ
ǸŶָָ㣬Ʒͷ㡣
һֱȵ֧ͣ/ǰŸͣ½Ų𾪵ؿһ/š
Ǹ
Ǵྩġ
ྩԶģôͻȻǲΪ˰ȥ
Ⱥϳǰڹ٣һˡ˲ȵߵ֣̫ұڹﵱ̫࣬˵ȵߵĺˣ͵ĺܣݣѲʲôҪ
/Ѿ۷׷ףʱſˣҲˡ
һ߳ţԭǹ˵š
֣䵭ɨһȦүˡү˵ǽ˵
֣
⿴ֵȺɢȥþЩ彣嵶ı䡣
/ڣȻˡ
վԺУֵõļˡϲҲţվԶһЩͷһ̧ؿЩվŵı䴹վǰؿÿһˡ
ǸЩĴĶһչ½ּɡ
װǻƶв顣
չһ˲ϲԸо˵ĺŻˡ
ʥּд秵ģڳСϲļ䣬ٿѱŶЩ飬ʥּдʲôԾס
ɽ֡
žָо
棬˼֡
ͼı껤й⣬ӡΪ
⼸أϲֱסΧǰҲûˡ
վԭأƽغ˶ӡ
Ժͣһ䱻紵
ѾʱЦһ
һ
֣ϿһȦ䵽ϲϣת˻ȥ
£ʥּ£ӽ/ͺûκιˡү׼ȰǾͻؾʥϡ
Ϣ̫ͻȻ
ϲüͷ
ôˣһӸûˣҪȥôһӽܵˣ
ȥѡ
˵ıӰͦΣ˿ûΪͻϢԳһ˿̬
ǰЦЦ˵
ǵȻ

27

/˲ɵ
ྩȻȥˣרΧͷ˵ûʲôŹ֣Ȼǲŵġ
ȵټˣּ͢ǣ˵Ӧԭˡ
һҲһ
˵һ˷ٶȽǵٺ»Ȼÿ˲ʮӡõ֮󣬴ǵȥɡ
һۣ΢΢Żü˻˷ȥˡ
ΪѲǸ߸ϵүˣ۵ĵӶ׷ѯ֮ô졣
СѾҲǺ뿪/ûôõĹĵص
мӣ˸ؿڣԼûڿ˼ԼŮֶŮүС檡
ҪȻʱеǿͷˡ
/һʱĸ˼졣
һƬУϲĵҺԲʲô֮Լˣ
/Ŀǰȥ
ϲϲûʲôϲ֮ɫкĵӴյߣֱȰүǺˣ鶼һˣһҲߵġȻźүˣͷҵǣȥ˸ϽҸ˼ˣӹһò
Ǿǣиڳһе˷ǰûˣûҡҪȥҴȥ
Ҽǵһȳģ
ȳû£ģ
ϲ
úãһӽӴ¶֪ǸõġȻ˵㣬ңӺãһ̾Ǹܹӵġ
õľһɫ
ʱӻҵȺߵϲǰϲүﵽի˵

ϲͷãȻһʱҲ²ʱҪȥի˵Щʲô
֮Լ
бʲôţ
µͷ
Ǹ˵Ҫʶֹֻ׹ȥһ䡰úÿǡûٸȥ
¶뵽˹ŹֻӵķΧУ˻ϲܶǮȥ˻ȢϱķҲ֪ȥδӡ/վҪȥ¥գڵԾվһڡ
իصԶԶƼһǰһºϲһصͷ
վ£üһĨڿϲ˲䣬ʧ٣ü͸ƽ͡
ȷúá
ϲţһʱԼʱĻңֱԷ˹ǣŻع񣬴
Լó񣬾
ֻúܣͨ񾡹ÿγ..ĶԼԶǴ͡
ͺһһһһģһ
ߵ鷿ſڣ֪һʣҾбҪڽһ¡
ͻȻô˵ϲ㵲ѡ
鷿ͷüԼǴ죺˵
Цϲվ˵
ϲæҡͷʵظ鷿
鷿Ǻңһţʶ𼸱Ҷ鱧˻
ѿһۣȥܵ͵ңʵǴӽʱ򣬾˿ˡֻ/ˣ׷ȵ۶ȥԺܶ˰ģ֪ôһط
ܹҲ֪
͡»ˣ޿Ժ֮ǰȷ֪¡ȻΪװ㶪ȥ
ôһ룬Ҳ͵ͨϲ˼صͷ
ټ/òϵԺӣҲܻķϵ޿Ժĵز
ʱֻ֣Ҳֻǳ겻õĹϵڿǾѹΪ֮
үҴȥͲһͶ˱ˣϲʡ
ߣѵ㶪£
ϲ򴽣үǺˡ
ʵصݳһź˿ӶƬָ̣ϵһ£Ҫ˵ھͷǲҪʥˣ
ϲ
Ҫ˵ʱվ鷿⣬ٺ㣬˷ˣüͷվС
ˣѵʵ
ͻأǡ/ѾȫүĿ
Ѱ֣ÿˣģѸýǮȫˡǰƽùߵĶȥڸˡЩȥ˵ıúõȥ
Ϳгǡ
̧ۣվںĻüȻ˷һ꣬ٸüðһݼױ´ȥⷿԼ֮󣬼ǵס
ϲüվԶЩϵĺɼǱѵ㵽꣬˸мعؿ˼ͷ
ԴӻǼº󣬻üһߵñȽϽϲȻϵ˭
üûɾѵŮˣ˷һڹϣأ˷һŮ֮顣
һޣһȢֻǶݣү⡣
һ£ͻȻͳɾ˺¡
ϲĿͻü껶ϲϲЯ뿪ЩĽ
ѿҲˣ
תֵݳһУ򿪿
ϲЩ죬֮ɨһۣ
ŵشͷȡһӣȷϣȷԼŰĲ׵ֽһݻĻ֤
ҡ
Ż֡ң
ͷҪݵĻ߲ð졣ԣͽͣݰɡ
һ͵͵鷿﷭һڻ飬㿴ŮݡԣҸ˸ŮŮףǲ׵ģҵõġ
ϲͷСŻϵÿһ֣Ѽ˵Ż
ȥöһЩӡЩǮȥ£˵ʵˣȥһڳԵġ
ҪˣҲԡǸе˷򣬱˼˵ľˡ
Ǹ˵ӲѲġ˸ŮҪŮˤӲϷȺӣ˴ġ
˵˺ܶ࣬߶߶ͺҪϲ£ϸϸضһ顣
˵˺ܾöûһӦûüͷס°ͣʣôӲţˣ
ϲԭһֱ飬͵ס°̧̻ѡ
үһ
üëʾ
ϲսȭүҸߡ
ѴϲĿһ˲㶣漴
˵ʲôҶˣ߸᲻᲻ң
ϲط˸ۡ
ÿգ֪ԼöÿʱҲ̲ס̾ôԼͲǸˣǰôƯŮȢؼҲɡ
ǲ˭һſھ˵ˡ
᲻ã
үϸ롣Ҳ죬Ҳ졣үǮûаסı¡
˵
/ڣǷųȥǻ˵ͷ뿴/ϣҲ̫ҡˣүҲ񣬴Ÿ߰ǲɢѣáţͦÿңѹǱһ⡣
ϲ˵Լͷһû˻ŵķ⣬˭ߣ
ѳĬһᡣ
Ҿû˵ˣ
ϲʶϿүҺôҲүŮˣүѲɻܻԼŮ
뿴彣ϧѽû
ΪźջߣүǽʳһѵӦԴι飬ܲܶԼɣڣ㻹иǲˡ
ү㿴ãƾǲ֮꣬ҹҲˣгҲ͸ˣʱٺþۺɢ
ϱ̸ıóϲѾ⣬ܾ˵ʲôҪ취
Ĳݸŷһҳ˵ȴѾô˵˾䡰С
Ŷ
ôС˰

28

ʱǸֵ֣̫/
ϲո˻üתͷ֣վһ˴˿ס˵ɨһ£ܿջء
ҹ/Ѿɢòˡ
ϲطյƶûźڣ򣬾ƼѶһڴϡ
үһҪʰ𣿡
˵ʰС
ԺѾѾˣʱҲʰϲһڷææ£ѹһҳͷ˾ļʰ
ڼ䣬ͺ¼ν䣬ƺǸѿ˲ٶ
ȵϲ˼/ǶˡԺһӣˡԺĵطϸѾ/֮ˡ
һҹϲ˯ò̤ʵ
ڶû˹ڽ̤ϳ
ʲôʱˣ
ϲͷѻڴϣֱ۾ʵ
ˡϲӽ̤үһ
ˡѳŴ
һ𴲵ʱ䣬ݺܻСѾȺһ˾ͻˮڣȻͷϴ
Ժӿˣ򿪵⣬ֻܿõİһ¶裬Ŀϣת˲ˡ
֣ʱֳԺ
ʰô
ϲ
ϲͷիЩ黹ûʰ
֣üж٣
ѴߵĻװһ
ϲǰˣȻĪĸоʶ̧ȥ֣֣Ҳõͷ˹
飬Ҳ׼ߣ
ЦҵŮˡߵˣˣκһ㶼ҴߣһͨģҳҴ˽ӻȥ
ֵ֣ǣǣǵء
㡣
˵㣬ϲԾի￴Щס
е̫࣬е
ÿһ飬ǰӹȷһ飬ûš
ôһһصģȵ;һе鶼װ춼ˡ
еͣĳϡ֣µˣµ˶վǰ
ֿ֣׵˵˼Ļٿ͵ʱֱ֣ͦصһݡ
ϲʼնվھѵϳǰͷһۡȴ˺󼷳ۿҪɲǰͱס
һƳһϹŵģѾʵĽ
ȡϲԹԵģ߰ˣȥ㡣
Ⱥۿֱͷؽš㡱
ĻȻֻ˵˵ġ
ϲѶˣȾڻţһߣֻҲҪϳȥġʱָ˱ĻƣαظǳԿࡣ
ˡ˵
ϲͷֳȰЦЦתϳ
ˡ
ϲ̽ͷȥ/ſڣĿԶȥҲ˰˵ݣȥͰ/Ҷժ
һɡ
žһص˵ϡ
ģ֮սҷ׷ɣڳݵȸظ඼һȽƶĳ̶ȡ
뿪ݳǰϲ֪ǽҪȥֻһָоǾǾɻһִȣȥĸƫƧĵطܲôѡ
ǣݣͣͣպǵһصĵطͣ
ؾݳԼ·ݷƶ񤡣
ϲΪʲôͣ£ֱҹһɭɭġɽׯ
ʲôط
źģֻܽ¹⿴ģɽׯţϲĭ˶㡣
ɽׯѴ˵ǰץϵͳԿǼ´ˡ
ϲվϣתͷĴغΪǻسޣȫû뵽ִسǣȻ˳λԵƫƧɽµġɽׯ
͢ߣϲʡ
ڵϣѴ˭㣬ү¾ûԼĶɽׯ͢û֪
ϲ˵ͷš֨ѽ˽ȥ
ɽׯҸĶѡ˵ԣҲǵһסܡһ̯ʼ磬ﻹҪһ¡
䣬顱һҰèڹǰʯ·һһȸոڵϵƴ
ϲ
ԸһҹɡӣˣٿҪʰġ
˵ԸһҹԸһҹ
ڶϲԺǽ壬ĥĥĺ
ʲôɽׯֱǸѣ
ǻ˲֪ûĴ
õͥԺһƬưܾô̹Ȼر¶⣬ң޿Ժй֮޲
ǽǶų̦߸ףͷ֪ʢʲô䣬ɢһһĶ
ܹèʯ·ʯЩеĻѿˣ¶һһïʢӲݡһԻǽ棬ɽŰȴҡҡ׹
үǰȿͷʲôôϲʡ
ʯ·ϣܹһ⡱ͷһһ顣
˿ͷ΢ЦүɽׯǮ
һʵ
ϲЦ˵һͷһסַءٹ꣬үΪǵΪ®ˡ
ɽׯ˵Ҳ̫ˣ
һ
һŹ
һΪʲôҪƵÿ첻ס˵ɽׯ
˵㣬ǵʱǵԾѾռ˱ˡѿ
ϲۣƷҲƷӡүҲ룬ҪǺãôһ
ͷҲûɶ֮ǰˡ

žϲȻ볭һ㣬ݺݵظԡ
үŬԼܴȣһ˵Ļķ˵ɽׯʵֻΪ˺ɣ
üë¶ˡ
һ㶼Ҫ¶ԣ
ϲһɫ
֪ˣ˿ģ֮Ƥѹˡ˵죬ĵ׻ǾһɽׯˣҲʮֺ㣬ռ˱˵ġ
߰ɣȴӴſʼɽׯʰʰޡ
˿ϲϵΣ˾ߡ
վڴǰһһ
ɻҵĴϴ֮£¶ԭɫϲŲɾ֮ͭп⵽׶ûˡ
С
ûü̾꣬ͷͻȻһŭ⡣
ϲͷȥһ̬ӷ׵վڲԶŭָģʲô
ǡϲ졣
˵ŵżߵǰǽһ׳Ĵ˸ǰ
Ҽҵׯӣʲôˣ﾿ʲô

29

ʵӾ˵ɽׯ˺ϲ᲻λ±ƭˡ
ת뵽˺ôսҲǸĺСڣƭǲڵġ
ʲô
Ҽҹµɽׯϲ
üͷһŷӦƨүүׯӵģޣʲôʱҹӵˣ
˶˾³ѵ⣬ϲۡ
ҼҹɽׯҼҹﻹа׵׺ֵĵڣôͲˣ
Ӵǰһ죬ϲʶҪܿǰһֱӵ˱
λޣʾϲҪ˵ɽׯҴһλƵĹµġʱϣûСޡ
ƣüܿһŷͷƵǵͨ졣
ðԭСӣСżƭģһ쵽ǰͷǲǽƾ
ϲֵƵСӣүүģҪ˵Ҳý塣ϧǸ첻ߵģȫҶСӡû룬б°Ǽҵķ͵תȥˣ
Ѱţܿҳ顣
չһȻСӣôĵӣȻ͵͵޼ҵķӣ
ѱЩƾɵĵá顱졣
ϲڱϿţһ˾ͰֱߵӾˡ
Ȼ͵Ҳġ٣ɽׯλᵽҵʡ
ȻƵСӣʩʲôƣ
Ӱĵážž졣ϲҪϰڲ裬һյֱӷֱϣȻһˤڵˡ
ѵʱѿӵɫҲˣʶ־Ҫȥץôҿɲģ
ѳߵǰֱӴˡ
ûţſھͺҩƺԼǸʲôɫ˱䣬ֻõͷֱϴ˼£۲ۣҼǵóǰװһЩҩҩھȥңһ󣬱ӡӡ
ϲӦãƳӡ
ǸղŻڵüͷƵٶһˣֻһ֣ʮָ£һؿҪһϼᡣ
Ťͷؿȥ˸ղСϱƵίΣһ
˵ˣҲģҪˣҸ˵Բס
˵ţ˫ֱȭһ
ϲ
޹ӡѵϲǰ䵭ɽׯµģҲֽдׯǹС޹ʲôͷԼȥ˵
۾Ѫһ죬սȭͷҼҵķӣ
ޱ飺ˡ
ӱףţһѷûģҵţ
ѲΪ˫ֱۣš
ϲĵظȥһֱԶһЩֻعͷŷѪ˫Ȼί⡣
ׯӣòİɣϲʡ
һƽĿ뿪Ӧǵġ
ܺáϲžѣ췭˸ۣүȻƭˡ
˵һ˵ׯɡ
ͻȻ볷ǰǸؾҲûԼѿһ㶼ûӣ
£ϲһ㶼ʰɽׯˡ
ȻŹһ죬ˡ
θӵģмͬĸߴ׳
һɽׯ˾ͺذĹ˵ϣͷһˡ
Ǳˣصˡ
ϲĿɿڴؿǣȻĿһ˸žѽʰ鷿ԼĪһʱȳˡ
洺磬켫ˡ
һϲߣͷüŪۣ֣ҪҸҸķӣԷִֿ֣
ϲɴ۾ͷ˾䡰
ʱ鷿ͺѹûӻ˼ǾͶлˡ
ڸȥģԵø˳ڡ
鷿˷׷˳
Ӱ˰֣Ǽ׳ͷǺߡ
ϲʵںǼ˾鷿ﶼ˵ʲôҪڣԼ໵غ
֣ģȻӦׯӻңһҵŵĵطˣԺ¾ҵ£ҾԿ˭Ҫ۸㣬㿴Ҳ޵
˵̧꣬־һԵѼص˼¡
ǣֻáꡱһͿŲ̫ι̵ļӣһϡﻩȫɢܵ
ϲû㿪첲Ͼô˼¡
ûסһһ̧۾Ƽˣ˽СһֱһѾ׺ľƳ
ǱѡͿȥġ
ʱſھλ
֪ϲ˵ģ˽š
ʵҲûصˡ࡭Ҳǲ˵Ƥ
Ƥĵطõòˡӻ͸ҵһס
סλسڵһͬĵطһһµĵСԺӣӸǮϲϲظһסˡ
һһСԺӡʵϣԺӲƣһ߷˸Ժӿֲˣһɾˮ
СС˵㣬ǱƭȻһģܻҪӲ޺õɽׯʵǺõĲһ㡣
ϲ
סˣӼǻϲأ쳣شǰѶʰ͵ͬ
ϲùŹ֣˽ͬ˵£̲סЩͷ᲻Ǹƭ֡
˵ľЦЦҡ
ϲ
סͬиôǾǳŷ㣬ҲˡͬסĶͨ˼ңʲôĶС
ڵӰʹ߲˽ǵͷһˣϻؼҰӶϱӡסŵǸѸΪŮÿҹϳϽȥ˶Ǯһڡ
кͬǻ˼ңҵȳӡ˵û֣ȳȣСʱؤѧ˵㲹벹ı£ھͿ㱾Һڡ
ϲͬסûգ͸һͬ˶һĻоѡ
Щ˲ϵʲôֻøհ˲úÿƢҲһ㲻á
ֺ̫˵㡣
죬ϲҪȥˣ˳ʲô׬ǮĻơ
˸ͷһֵ֧Ǯͭӹ̶ס򵥵Ĩ˰ͳȥˡ
⣬ĿͷǸֲڵͣ˺ܾãջĿʱ򣬾Ƽ˲֪ʱߵǰӡ
࣬˫ֱȭ񣺡ү

30

СԺӵĽһ֦бδڣڣ֦ͺͺģƲһƬҶӡ
޿վԺͷһֱǿˮƳʱʱ͵͵ȥԼź󣬾ͱû˵ү
ĿԺһɨ޿Сÿˡ㡣
޿
ү޿̾治ǹġҪǹ۸ͷҵ칧Ͱ
һͿԱˡ
޿ҭסһſ֪ˣǵҲɡ
һֵֻۣܲһˡ
ô˵ү޺ôҲǱµұۣҡ
ұֻۣܲڵ°ıྩܻȥ
ѵĻֱӽ޿˵ģ
ֶնյˣһӺۿ
ؿޣЩӣˡ
Ĩ˰۾Ц࣡½ҪأΪгһܰүæ࣬һ㶼࣡
˵˵ţˣҪñ֪үµľ»֪жܣ
޿еġ¡Ѿȵۡڻʵ۾
ΪһĸֵܣѺڻʵ۵Ĺϵ׽ġϵʱλǵĸಡӣ˵ʱ׵ľѣѼڶġ
ڻʵ۵ǻ꣬ʮꡣлʺɣʮȢޣ˺ʱľѣڻʵ۵ûеڶС
ǳҰⶼ˵ǽ׵ܵܵһ
һֱڻʵ۶ʮ꣬ʺ³ӣҲǺ̫ӣλĻʵ۾ѡ
˺걼ڸ߹ҪأűشʧȥĽֵָأȴδϹ
ֳģһرͱˡΪܵܵģֳŵԼΪìΪܣػｭɽ
أ˶ΪֻҪڻʵۺֵڣ󾸵ĹƱ۷塣
Ȼʮꡣ
ҲڻʵλĵʮŸͷڻʵͻȻݱؾɥ̫Ӽλһʥּϱ߿ֱڶϱƽϢŲؾ
һ뵽ڻʵۼݱ޿ɫͺò
ͷλûСŵǻû깦Ѿүˣ֪ҪȨ˭
Ҳ¸ǽж֡
ү˵ҲձץŲšӣƵżҾӳྩˡ
ѱ䵭
޿̾һɸ֣ʱһҪү̫֪ϵĽɽˡүΪ񣬿ɼ̫ߵȷҰ֮ˣ
԰գ޿ĥȭһҪڵϺݺݴһٵļơ
ѿһۣ֣ʵվס
Ȩ˭
١̫󣬻мλϡ
׸أ
޿˶٣Ŵɻ׸ڸѧʿλá
ü˵
޿һ뵽½õϢ̲סƢʱŴ˸̵̫ӣ̫ߵλʷʦλ鷨ʦһ̶Ǵһ
ݹﴫϢڽүΪʥּգ̫˴ɱ˳ȰλʦŴλ̶ˣ
ɫ˭ź򣿡
޿üͷԭ̫źǳ񡣳ֵ֣ˣֶ֣ԱµģһǾϸѡ͵̫ߵġֻϧ
ֻϧڻʵۼݱСʵ۵ǻãȰȵµĲֶεˡ
ֻ֣ڣΪлôϳţһӰȵһϵȫգ֣ȨƲСҲóȻֻ𺦵Լ档
ֲ֣ܶŪһ񣬶Сʵ˵ڻ¡
ź̫ӵģ١̫һС̫࣬гɵ¡Ϊ˱ȳ飬Ҳ
޿žѡ
ͳͬڽĹ
ǡ޿ı֣֣ͬڲǰ֣ɵ
֣
ǡ
û˵
֣
͵ϲʱ˿û©ǰ㱻ȥྩź̫¡
̫಻Ǳˡ
֣
١̫ǰĺˣһûӸྩ绽̫꣬ࡣ
ȵʱһܽסҲӵ棬ûн˸Ͼɱ
û뵽ȵ۲żݱ˾˷ˣ񻹴֮ơ
ޡ
ת
˶֣ͳɵ¡
κη紵ݶѶ
˳㣬˿ţżҲʹСӣ˰ӹ̫ˡ
ֻǾã͵̫ʵ̫֣Ϊϲѩѵ
һҲǡ
ү޿ͻȻе
ѻͷ
ףɻ󣺡ү治ɽׯôǷӿҲֿϧģү߻λϲһҪСԺסҲ̫Щ
һ£̣ҡҡͷ
ãһж֮ǰ˵
ͷѺӾųеţǱߵϲѾھֽһг
гһڶһгĴ඼һЩѵõĺɽ亣ζһӦѰµĶоԵԻһЩʲôҵʪһ㣬Żʵȳζ
˵ġ
ϲҺλãԼæˣ󿴿ҿĦĦصϰնʲôӪ׬Ǯ
һźȻϵѿѰЩһУһ¨ʯҫ۶Ŀ
ˣⲻע⡣עЩСӣҲжغƵĸˡ
ˣиĸ˰˽סɱǰˡ
ϲʣΪʲô
˲˰֣ǰͷѾͷСӡɱȥ֣Сıĳ˿ˣͷ·ϰ͵ȥʱǻɱ˼ҵūˡ
ϲһ㶣̶Ͼ׹ˡطôЩ˼ңԵиĶüĺӸΪūΪ澣ЩרѾС˵ķӣרȥ֡
еӴģˣյ˾ȥͷǩǱҵˣ飬Ҳûؼˡ
ϲٴҲе㷢
Ÿ˵ллתҪһߡ
ǰŲӣͻȻһУſң
ĵģ졣
ϲͷһͻʱǵ㷢һɢˣŲһתֱ˵ĵطȥ
ĸ˾ȵ˼ִֵزϻͷ̲ס˾䡰Ӵ
ǰͷĵطˡ
˵ģ˵ģбġ
ȻȴΧһѿֵġ
ϲò״Ⱥмǰͷһ۾Ϳ˹ڵϣݺݳһӵȡ
Ǹƽ̰ԻֵССѾͷ˴ȴֻۿ᲻µ
ϲһȡѭ
֮ڡۡһޡ

31

ƹѾСʮˡ
Ǹ´ģͷϵ׽صһƦͷӵŮˣһϵû˸ǰ¡
ҲӣӲصŮŮǮͷȥѾСˣҪô˼ԸҪôһͷջġ
ǰЩӸմ˸Ѿ߻˵Ǵǰ/үǰźġ
СѾģҲɾ㾭ڣ˵ϸ߼ۣͰֱˣ׼ȥ
ÿʵҲ󣬵Уһ˼ߵǰ͸蹷һҪҧˡ
ʲôޣ
ƹӾҪٸһ¡
ӻôǮ㣬ΪҪüǮղŶܶˣ㻹ӿޣ
ϲְ˼£ɫسס֣
ƾʲôҪס֣ƹӲָ٣ǸʲôҴѾߣʲôϵ
ȷ
˿ڷġŮģطҲгŮԴı¡
ݵ/õˣ϶ǵˣͷǩҲĶͨƹˣġ
ϲ˱۾ѹͷڵŭ⣺Ҳð˿
ƹߣˣ׵Ǯ˻ʲô˿
ƹ˵˦˼±ӣҪϳ顣
ϲһҧֱȥӡ
ƹӴУҪҪ
žһϲӣҲ⣬һתڻƹӵϳһ¡
ƹʹáһ
Ͽֵʱ׷Ȱ
˼ģСô˳ӣ
ǣ˺úõ⣬ƻˣȻˣ
ôܴء
ϲȣ޵ñСѾͷ
֪ľ˵⡣ҧҧȥƹӣ˵Ǳ׵ģ
ƹӺµض˶㣬һ԰
Ǳ׵ģҰģ˸ɶ׻Ǯ
Ǯ
ƹ¡
ϲĺɰҪǮ
Ҫ򣿡ƹӵԲ۾
ϲͷ첲ˣҲˣֱ͵ʮ
䣬ղſְ˵İն
ۣʮǶǮɣ
Щ˼˭һܵøʮӣʮѾߣҲʵ̫ˣ
ţ׳㲻˵ҪɵӵܵȢϱҪȥãʮӣϴµأҧҧǺ
вУʮ̫ˣҿ𣡡
Ƕƨ
ϲŶﶶøȣסĶ䣬ƹˡһŽž
СѾ߿Ǵ/ģʮǾȻӹǰǰźģܸɵúܣ
ƹһ/ϲͷЩֵ˶
ղźļʱʱϿ/Ѿߡǹ󣬵ֵۡ
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ϲδţʮӣǸྩǣ㹻Ѿˡ
˵˵ƹһ£/ѾߣʮҶ٣˵ˣҿǻʮӰģ׬ɣ
ƭˣ
ͻȻҭҭغ
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ϲ
ĵ̾˿̧ȥƹӣӣ
ƹӵһ塢ҲҲˣ
ϲ˿ҳ
ô٣ƹŭݣʮ

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ˣƹӴŭ
ϲҡͷ
ڴӲ࣬㹻ǮҲÿγŵʱ򶼰ȫϡ
Ѿɰʣȫˡ
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˳ϲǲʶ
ϲʶʲôϵϲĻӣ㲻ͷ
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ƹ죬㶵ؿ㡢㵱ʲôˣҲҽ˭
򲻾ǸƦåȺ
ŵƦå
ˣƹӣصϴ󣬳Ƭأʲô㲻ϡСҪ˵ͣһٸԴסģ
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ϲ˵Щֵ˵ô໰ҲܼǸһҡ
ͷѾԶÿг
ǸгѾСбյ£˶֪ǶϰΪˣû٣ҲûʹЩСԸԸ⡣
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ôı¡
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ˣȲȥЩ£һȥɡϲ֣ȵԴڣүչˡ
ҲܰĳҷݹǮԼ˳ҲһʲôʱͿɽյλүɡ

32

ϲȻͬʱ򣬾ſڵżϣһ֪֦ʣǰɳʯдд
ΧһȦС඼ǺͬЩַھӼҵĺӡûϣﱼȥ֡
ǰͷһ죬СǵΧǽǺٺЦ
Ȼһ¡
ͷС˵˾仰ǡһ£СһѷɢȥеԶ˻عͷӻ֡
ϲǰߣү/ɢ֮ȻؼֱˡгͰ˽ӻź㡣
Ҷүˣôź򡣡ѵ˵ʣΪʲô㣿Щأ
һֹ᣺Ҷأ´Ҳ͵͵һЩǻؼҵʱȥҶӶҳ˵Ҫ﷭޷ӣҪҸȢϱ
ҲӦùˡ
ҲΪˡҸת͵˼ӳȥȾƣ˱˵ȣȥЩǾ͡ǾͲҵԸҸˣ
˵꣬ϲ۴ޡ޵ھӶðͷ
εӣϲ
ϲΣԺߡ
һߣһ߰Ժ
Ժҳŵʱ͸չүʳסС
ҡҲᡣȳűӡ
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ںͬﵱרŽ̺ͬСʶ֣żҲ̽ȭŹ򣬲ΪܣΪξֻ̣Ǽ򵥵ΪСǿ塣
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˵ͷʣзݻ

34

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ǿ˼ҼģûٵأƢҲЩŹ֡
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иСѾߣֺģȡ
ÿκСѾ߶˳
ǲڶİӣڵģ컹ǡʱͷ򲻵ĺóԵġ
㣬𻨸⣬㲻ζ𣿡
װ˷۵ӣҴ׷ϲĽŲ
ϲͷһۣɸɸۻϸ
ȵͷ˵ѷϸһܷ
ϲӣҲֻ˵˵ܶ«Ǻô
˵꣬ͻȻһͷͼ߰ݵСƿ˽
ϲ㡣ͷǸССһߣһҧһĲڶӡ
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СٺһЦҵ˵ˣǮһŸǮڶˣǾͳԲڶġ
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35

ҵ˭ԭǻ㡣ϲ룬үӸնǮ
ŴüҶд˲мôҲźˣôΪ㶼𣿡
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β֮ϲžѵغԺ
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36

ҹӣ治ǰүӡ
ŵϲЦ̾ãүʲôӵģ
ššüͷϷﶼ˵үݣǿ׳߻һѵˣĶšͷСа
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ڰһӵ죬ԽԽãӵʱ壬ھûйڶӡ
֮ӣпĹкõĹԽԽһֱŵǿܺʹЩˡǰҲøȻЦ
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⵶Ӷ⣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôеŵʱ򣬶ֵĳүҹܼҹʮʮǣһٸӣ˵ǽ͹ȥҪǱˣȥͰɡ
ѾˡүӴƽ⿪ΧȹҪȥͻүʮҪµӰ磬˶æܷûǸԼ͹ȥӣŶ⣬ȥ͡
ȥɡϲز˲֡
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ˣƱҲҪŶС
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ǰܲʶôǰô˵үߵѾߣҺôҲͬšϲ򣬡ֻﱳүϲһѾߣǹģɱ˲ýΪϸһλׯͷΪޡ
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37

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һ뵽ʲô¶ûУӾܸϽذȡůûһֵĺá
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䣬˭ʱվͷѩģֲŰ
Ǻҡ
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û˵üҶд֡ء
ΪǺңܴݺԼˣ
ΪǺңöԹŮЦӭ
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ϴϲ飬΢΢üٲǣǺҵ
ϲͷȥ𿡣
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ЩүҪΡ
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Ҫϲ컻ϰɣǿҪģɱүļʱ
κ֬ˮ۶ʱģΨϲͱõġ
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ৡһűһѾĲϡ

38

ӾǺϴֵµһСܣƽаŮԣı°ûС
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ϲɫһæ´һѣþѾߴžſߣҰȫȥˣҾͷſ㡣ԹԵĲҪҶȻӾҪˡ
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ϲסһѭĿ⿴ȥ·иЦӯӯؿһλḾߵɷϹҺɰ

39

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޿һһ㶣ͷѣֹүˡȲȣ
Ѳ˵
޿룬׻˸Ͻȥȡ

40

ͬϲһֱȵҹƼ޿߻ؼҡ
վԺţûоζ޹ӣǽȲȥôʱôҸط߻ˡ
޿ʶһ䡰Ҳ롱ߣ˵ݣףСѾͷٺ˵˵
꣬־е㲻ףæĿڣҹֻĴ¥˼裬˳˸ˡ
ˣϲʡ
˻𿡣
ҼҶĸķԸѻݺݴһ֮󣬾ֱӶ˻Ǻӡһˮ˾ûٹ
޿ѻϰʱѾǶˡ
ûᣬ³Ѫȥҽݲ֪ѾµӡΪԭ̬ϸµֻΪЩ⣬ʵڿʲô
ڻԼ֪֪£֪֪ʱʲʲô
˵Уϲ¡
ǺأʡȻϲ𿣬ﻳǿûʲô
޿˼һᣬʵ˵ˣûˡ˵úãлỳϣҪãⱲӾˡ
ʵ˵ҺźţԶȴǰڹ/ﵱ˹ø
˵ǿĸ˻еʱܻϼ֡ο˴򣬺ҼҶЩȥҲܰ˴ñˡ
֮ǶǺӡ
ĻǺӣûѾǼ׵ˡ
޿룬ǺϽˣҼҶ᲻ѱ俪ٰ˶ȥ
ôһ߸תҲûˡ޿ô˵
˵꣬ΪϧǸӣҲãôͶǸŮ˵Ķ
ȻǶԻ²Ȥϲ֪ȥܻæ޿ţԼžѽݣ˯ǰϴ¡
Ϊⴵ˷Եʣϲѽѵʱ򣬾ͼššüͷ̧ԼĶǡ
Ҹ󣿡˵꿴˿˿ľѣӡҸض£ȻҲá
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ϲͷһ롣
Ƴһָ˵
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Ԫǰ
ϲ˿
ֵӾ˻𿣬ơˣģҲһ֡
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ֻżĽŲ
ϲദʽû̫⣬ǰ/ʱ򣬾ѾͲǸֵܰˣ󲿷ʱһ˴鷿ż飬ȥ󣬱ֶ
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ǣݳĬôһֱ˸˯
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ڶһ磬˾ȥһͬģкϴĵ
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ÿѾԵòˣȻʱţֱҪˡæ˽ϵʣʣ˶ȥС檷ڣʵүֻ²ˡ
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㶮ʲô˵ۡ
С檰һŤߵūʲôūҾ֪үҪȥɾ͵ˡ
һ뵽ԼүǸûٵģ˵ٹԾƵطĵ׾Ϳʼš
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үӦ˺ҰɡСȰˣȻҪöԴһ׶Դܲɱˣү˸˰ɡүѽ
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ɣ
Ծɷ顣
ɫ԰ףʣˣ˵Ǻã
ҧϣүϸ룬ǻźáȲҪվӣҪŰڳ϶þ϶áһүͷͷ͢ȴͻȻҪô죿
ԥ˺һᣬڵ˵ͷ˵öԡϣǵüϡ
Ĩ˰Ѷͷϵ亹һȥˡ¡ܵ취סС
ȥ˺ˡһ棬Էzjie˵⣬ץ鰸ġ
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һʱˣѾ߷ŶϻȥԼ˼вĻ뿪á
ߺС˳үȻ㻹ҵİɣ
̧ۣ죡
ˣҲΪǼҺãʲôѽôܵǡ˵ղλˣѺϴºߵļﶼץˣǸǻúòң˵⻤Ǻأ
һǡǺôôΪΪ
ôΪΪءﺦ˺ϴӵĵȻҪ𡣡
Ϊ𣬾˵ˣ
㲻ԣҲﷸȡ˴ͻñ˽ѵڻǺˣҲҵġ
Ǻϴȥץˣƾһ仰ôᷢ飿
Ҫô˵ǸʩĴˣ˭ҪǺϴСܵģ
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үô㣿ʡ
ķˣü죬ⲽþã¶ģȥǸʩɡ

ܾܲʻҡͷȾʣСźţǵүˡ
˵̧꣬ͷȥͷ죬̾˿ģҲûӡ

41

ͬ
һ磬ϲѾʰ׵׼ŴʮȥתתܲܵͼɨЩ
ǰŸ׼ţӱ˴Ӻͷסһʱǰܡ
ŤͷԾһµľЦү֣
Ѵʲôȥ͵͵ȥ̰æ
ϲҡҡͷȥ̣Ҳȥ¡⵶ӸǼŮڰæȥˣžǱһߣȲǰӵι
ӹȥǰæ
ﲻϣǣֽţ⡣
ϲ˵ӵһ꣬ҿ˿ﻹûԴϽתתʮˣ˵׼ļұ˴˦
Ѿϰ˴ʱʱһЩϡŹֵʣɿ֣ȥԣҺһȥ
޿˽Ϣ˵ѾҪϴ󱨳
ǲʱ򷸺ͿģҲʲô˵׼ʲôʱͻȻҪʻ
ҪƽʱϲҪʲôѴӲʡ
ֻʱʱŲܰġ
Ҫһȥϲʡ
ѵͷתȥϴ£ϲ˶٣æǰȥź
ȵŵʱͬСǶʼ
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ԼСȻߴߴײ̫ڣƳһΪ׵żſϲ˵
Ϸ˵㶵ӡ
ҪЪҵȥ˵ʳƬģ䷹Կˡ
󱦵ȥǱһ
Ǳл㣬Ǵͷ˹ģҪǰ꣬һҪһġ
СϢͨߴһӰϲҪϢȫ
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ϲĺףôҷǣ
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֮ǰæŰ̵£ûôӵ¡дαźˣڳ˵үСʱ򣬲Ⱦܶ١
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˵СԼأʡ
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ڣΪūΪ澣պҪԼı
ѵĻϲƺû
һѾҪϣҪҼŮͬСǶ׼Сָ
ϲ;źûãһ۾͵ͬƼͻȻֵۣһ˳վ⣬վǣýͬ·ˡ
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ˣ
պ꣬Ŷӵ˶ҲʲôһˣһҿҪʲôı顣
һĻǰѰϲǿЩҲһһʱ°ζӳ¡
Ϊ׵ıﲻסˣϲ١
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ΪкĹϵȻѾǸʲôݣǼǵǧʮֿοǶ֪ɱ˺ϴˣɲλžͲദĹô
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ӣǱΪˡû취
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תͷԾ˵ӣҸȥü֪˵ʲôϲֵйڣӦòΪҡ
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ʵϣҲʲʲôϱҪ˵С޹ֲСϸ۸ġ
Ҫ˵ϴúãɽС
кڱϻţҲ˵ʲôֻʾϲҪίȥסϼա
ϲȻܣߵʱ򣬻ƳҵڵվС

ƫģΪʲô
Ӵ˵ֲ֣ܺҶҪүɾˡ
ǰ۲ŸմϲǶͷӭˡ
ϲü
ͷԼ죬ޡһңҲ˵
Ӭ֣˶ˣһҪСźǧί˹
Ҳ۾ڱվţڵذͷ߱߼֪㣬Ǿѵطʰˣ򲻻ί˹
ϲͷؽηͷڵֻضϺ̺һһ߻һֱߵǰͷսǣǽϲ˸šõηȫò
һȫûηģġη̡졢ͷһӦȫɫµġ
㿴⡭ôͷĵЦ
ʮӣɲúúźšǸѾͷƬӣҲǿ˵źˣٵõô
ϲЦã̾Ϣһ
˰ηó˵ү˭
߽ηҪȥͷͻȻһȻѹɵЩҪġ

42

شΡ
ˣ͸ηָСĴһ
Ĵ̣ůı죬ҹţصͽӣϲη˯ʮһ
վ˶ֽţ̸ϰǰڹ԰￴١
ͷ˵η뺦
ţͷҲⶣˣӽηΧѲӡ
һҹȥˣʲôûз
ˡҹͷֵı
ʮŹ
飬ٹӣһӡ̡
ϲţнŲŤͷȥǸС䣬һʳУϹųɴηԿף졣
ԷˣŹŵ򿪣Сֱʳ˽
ϲȥСʳзŵϣһһ˳
ȺԲճ¯İӣһȫðһŵζȫӿ˳
СȥţϲߵߣץͷİӾҪҧ
һƳ˱ѹһȭͷİӡӦǰӰɣҪûޣҪֲ֣ͷϻŴҶӡ
ⲻȵգǰ̴ҵա
⸱ģģų˻Ǹ޵ãֻүˡ
ϲüץӣŽҧһڡ
ôİӣ˲·۾˷ѣԡȳ˰ɡ
ѾڳԷˣ
η⣬ͻȻ
ϲתȥһСģʳвվͷæС˸ϵˡǷ¹ˣСĴӸװЩʳ͹
һףʳϷţǷ˵ˣùסηѾǴίˡ
ǸϷڶĵģǷľơ˵¹ˣ˻صó˾Բӡ
⼸ˣصɫģһЩȴ˰ѰӲˣܻȥˡ
Сָżһһܣ˵ϲŰҧʣİ˭͵ģһôһͳԵô򵥡
ֻ緹ϲ³ӣߵηǰ£ҪҵѲ˶𣿡
òãС˻ŵؼæ֣Ƿ˽ˣ͵СЩ˹ʰ
С˵꣬æվ񣬵˼תߡ
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ι
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ôԵģҪǲԣǣ
ηûзʲôŮסˣͷ˵ĶЩɹƭ£һʱܷųȥ
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ȻҲи˯ģƺץһϵĺӡ
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ͷȻҪ󣬵ò˰󣬾Ƥ£һͷ֨֨ҽеĺӶ˹ȥ
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㲻Ҳιѽǳԣܳԣ
ŮˣҲʵ̫˷ѡ
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һϲȻһ̿žͽ˴εĲүǶʱǺض㡣
һǰͷ䶼˹
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ʲô
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Ůˣͷ˭˶Ź㣿
Ҳ֪
ϲѾûĺӣӶⶪ˳ȥ
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ͷСæɨӣηſڵʱ򣬻Ͽۡ
æͷһͣ˵˾䡰㵱ġ
á
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֪Ǹʲôŭ˰Ѷóʱú޲ܰСץһ١
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ͷȻиŵҴҵر
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Ŀڣͷˣһһ߷죡˵ҲˣҲ
ǱŵСĿɿڴҪʵǲܲ˵ֻðͰ͵ȥˡ
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43

һȥˣϲ㣬³ס죬ĵһҪˡ
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ķǸСġ
ǼҳĲˣȵգҲоѵġ
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ʲôأô񡣡
ҡϲЩҧͷֲ˵Լôرֻҡҡͷûʲô
Ѷ˻̧
ϲ̧ۣض
ѿЦãְקʲô
ûʲôϲӲûлְҡ
ѺЦôл
ϲҭסţ
ϵЦţ
䣬ϲʱۡ
о仰У˳óǾλţ˳úãһҪΪūΪ澣
ѳͦÿģڽš
Һ㿪ЦġѴţ΢ȥһЩΣƲˡ
Ϊ̫ү£
Щ֪̫үֵ飬ۣϢͦͨġ
ϲæҡͷѻ˵Ļ˵һ顣գûסԵ׷˾䡰ء
ЦЦδ̫үϸ˵һ飬Ǻ̫̫з磬̫үҪѶӵС檽ӵ߱˾ּܾյ˵̫̫ͬ˵ֵܲ岻ĳš
һʱ䣬ϲҲ֪˵ʲôźá
ôŵ
ǵݵѦô
Ѧңϲüͷ̲סҪ
ָ΢һģһ̲ˮ
Ӿǽźҵ׮£ʹòģ
бһۣôҹӣϲ˱죬ûסȥס߳˳ãλô꣬ΪηηҵˣԲ̫ƽգ
ϲգۡѵǣ
ǲȨıϱְǵǾġǸ͵ģݷҲܻݺ׳ز
źôΪ֤ݡѵǲҺͺҶŸɣҲûֹ͵͵˺ҵ֤Щ֤ݣÿһ㹻ųն
óˣ
óˡ
ʵʼղó֤ݣҲԼİ취ȥԸҡ
޿ݷضֵ꣬µʿ٣ǽصһЩ̰İѱ
ȵ˵û޿˶ǵ飬ֻЩκѾȹˡ
ȵأ޿ϣЩֱ֤ӵݵתգר˿ӱ޸ྩշתһС
һλܴصЩ֮Է
ǺһںĽ֣ϲЩȲ
ָҪʶŶͷܣЦѾס㵱ʱסηˡ
ϲһ㶡
Цûôõ

44

ϲ֪ʱྩˣϯµλ˳á󰸡ѺһǳɣΪ֮ͽôֲƬײ㲻ǴϢĻᡣ
ȵذն֪ྩ˴Ҫҵʱ򣬺Ѿȡס
صĴ˶ϲһȥʹá
ʲô齡ζɿڵĲȸᡣ
ηıӲӲݡӣٸһѬ첻ӵĴͰ˳Էʱ䣬һȷſڣҪôԣ
ϲڱտ
ҡ
ɢӵöˣӲĺ޲ܰԼ֪¶øƲϵȻûȥͷչչǡ
֮󣬺ұңһ漰ڴ󰸣ųնںҲǣѰ·
նʾ죬صİնȥˡһ˱Ͱ֣ҲΪαεǺҡذնԸǴôجεĺû˿øУܼøųն³Ǹֳƿ졣
в˴˷ļòҶΪնǰܺݺݵˡ
ȻûţƻҪȥǵˮ
ϲûȥ
Ѫصĳ棬ȻʹˮǺˬĵԼͲˡ
ȵȥˣʱСҰףһصؿޡ
֪ˣղŲ˳ķҪܳȥ֣ϲȵţ
ȱ첲ҡͷҾ뿴Щ˶õӦе³ûô¡صؿޣ±ʹӣһȥѪһ˳ҿǰĻ˱ˡ
ϲסȵ죺кã˳ɲ
գգۣģԡ
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غۣɿ֣ʣֳȥˣ
ϲס
ٵҽնѾȥ˺Щӣôʮġ
ԭնһӣҲꡣྩһλ٣ȴǶ˵ֱӽӶʮġ
ͦãųն֮ʱɨɨ棬ѪӰʮƻᡣ
Ҳϲžѣʶλྩ١
ţղòáĲ˵ʲôϾӴΨһ㣬ϲƣûգѾļҾ¥ľˮô̽һ
ŶүȥüΡ
ţĸطȾء
Ȼ
ҹѻˡ
һĻк汻˷ţġźղ
ѾնˣŴ˴ʲôʱྩϲżɽʣƽͣҲ·ֻһʡ
ѿűԼϣߺɢžѣǡ
ţ⼸ˡٲȥĸ׺ͷ׷Űһ١
˵꣬ϵؽŷ˸ϸ조
ϲعͷЦ⣺лȥʶʶˡ
ûġ
ϲĵ
챻ܻྩҲҪˡ
Ԫڣʲôʡ
ϲع㣬㶣ԥػش𣺡ȥ̣

Ҫڼɰ

ҡɰûꡭ
˵õԪǰãм䵢̫ãҲһ룬Ҫ壬Ҳٻϸ켸ҹ
յƻᣬҴϽߡֱӵ˳ɸֵţ
ͷε³
ôȥһñ۸
˿֪ôԼϲͻȻ̲סش˸硣
Ԫƻա
ϲǵõƻ£ϵڶŪԼźղʾʮֵġ
źղüأ֮ǰţʱЩȤ¡ѧڵ֣ûմ
һֱƻ裬СŸԵĵӺͬϽ֣ϲƼѴ̧źղġƨɡ
عȥҪϽˡ
Ҫȥƻ᣿źղ³СطĵƻᣬྩÿǰྩôСڽż㣬гŻȦôȤˣ
ûȥ̨ףϲ
ӡϲӦ˳ְϣŴһȥ
ĵƻᡣڴ
ôˣźղԲ۾ҾǾйŹ֡
ѣ֪˴˶ʲôƢʵֱӴϲȳš
ʵźղ˵û
صĵƻᲢྩĺÿںٻؾȥҲӲڽճŵľѶԣྩĵƻûҲ̸Ͼصĵƻòÿˡ
룬˳ʮӵġ
ϲûƢ
ֻԪеƻἯСΪԪʽˣϴˣһȥ˴ӴڣŮŮ߰ݣȫһ
Ǽ˵㣬Ҳȷ֡
ˣȵţߣöûڽƼˡ
ЩϵðʩһҲϽ֣˵Ǻ컨ǶˣֵǮȲ/ľ£һ⣬ͳȥûҪʲôӦ
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ʵźղôˣٵģлţڼϱʲô˹ˡֻȻһ˾Ͳˡ
֪ϲڵʲôָٽֵһ¥ֱӵȥȡ
¥һźղõġֿտգֱӱ˱˵֡¥ƹһ˺ҵŴѵˣõС׼õĸ롣
ڸ򿪴ܿͷĽ־
ΪԪһϴӽͷβȫǸӣ˰ԵĳʳϷ㣬ϵرС⣬ȫڴˡ
˳˵¥ɫˣǵźղͷȣһǺ«һɣԵֱŹ⡣
㣬ɺúóԡһϲɵ˹ȥ
ﻹһ飬˵Щ
źղһƨ˵СѾߵܳԣһ·֪˶Ǯּۣǵãˡ
ָ̧ߵϲ裬Ƶ̫ˡ˵꣬ӵݵǰĿձյתͷʣҷƼ¥ţƤǣǵһҪҪζΣ
ϲſڴڿŵ˳Իͷһ˲ҡͷ
ţƤɫǲɫʳⱲӣϱӣˡ
ҡͷƺҲǺȥģһʱĬ
źղ֪飬ţƤǾòóԡ̸ۡȵҹɫԽŨأͼ˻ͬûͣ
ѾţƤǣзʨͷ
̧߹ȥϲֻáӴһ徲ˡ
һ˲ŸջԺӣӱϲסһʱư˵˻ͼźղȻȥϵ֣үҪˣ
۶û̧ء
ϲԭˣվͼӼֱ߽ȭűүྩˡ

45

󾸿꣬ʵ۴ҵʼͼΣΪܲ£ڼ̳ǰе糯⣬糯涨˸ж͵ʵۣ
涨ôһһڻʵϣѹꡣ
ֻڻʵȥ󣬳¹桪ȡ糯ÿֻ糯ҵճ֮ϣֻ׼༸Ҫ£µĶɸд
¹̫١ģֻµǻ̫ӣʮ꣬١١̫ΪȵһᣬֻСʵ۵ս˥ܣԶԷȨȳ½Ȩ
ټ١̫Թ󣬲Ը̫ӷ׽ȻҲ֮䲻ȵʱԵ׽
Сʵ۾Ѹһʮֵȵۺ̫ĳ谮̫󣬵3ڹмӦ3飬˾ȵ۶Ҫֱ׸͢ⶼʴӱպдš
ʲôţ
ñ֮ţι֮š
ȵۼݱ̫ӾѵǻΪۡ
ʱĶȵԽ̵³̫ӣܳɳΪһ̫Сˡ
Ķ֮£Сʵ۵ѧϰȡýʱ׸Ŵ˸ĸ֡취桱
СʵӦ£Ȼû
İ꣬Сʵ۷ѣΪغһܶѲָӵظפȸִӸΪʹ
Щ˶ǴδйսĹ٣Сʵ۽Щ˵ϣʱغȹȨȫĹ֮֡
ڣԼȷ棬ѳҲĹ١
ܹ͢⽫һսЩ޾Ĺսսͻ䡣
͢δǣһҪڸӰСʵۣҲûзϡ
˻ᣬ˵ڶغʱ˳˼Աͽ
İ궬ƽϢһڶغ
ܶѲΪףɶϺŴαƣֱ룬¾һׯ
µܶѲʵ飬ϺĽΪָӲѶ˱ʧ
ֱʱ򣬳вŵõϢ
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һʣ޿˵ͷǡ̽ӵϢ˵̫ԭҲǲϵģǰƽҡ̫ûϢѾ̫ˡ
޿ɹִسƺСʵΪ̫ӣλҴҫʺҲֻˡ̫һ
̫岮ֵóóȻȥܲȲ˶ϵİգϱܶѲ޿Ʋ죬ȻûʲôãСһץһѣ̫ջسʱ򻹲˳һڡ
ϲš
˵ЩЩͷתģȺò˳ˣ뿪ڣʵǴ
޿Ǳģµ̫ȻǲϡϾЩһֱûٵдãһȥ˶ϣڸ˵ƨֻྩҪȥˡ
Ļʲôƽҡ
Ůɫλһ·ߵļ壬ȻǵˣҪλ߲ȡ
СʵŮΪҵλ˲٣ǰƽңȻҲСʵ̧ҡ
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̫ӵּ⻹ûͱ̫׸Ϊ׵ĴǽǿȰ̫ӡ
һ֣޿һۣʦһƾʲôȥ̣ǷּξҲǵͨʿΡ
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ֲǸɵӡ
ôԺգսиڼңҲǸŴµᵽغͻȻһֵӣӺ񲻴ʶתҷӣǳֵܵĳھߡ
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˵ţϣ䣬ôõķ磬ȥϴˮ裬˯ɡ
ϲԡͰʱͬѾڴϴСࡣ
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ҴҪţûſڣͷĽк
д٣

дҪң
ǺͬСһ
ϲȥһ˳߹ϸһӴϻݼ֣̫Ҳͷ
֣ˡ
˵ǰϲϥ
̧ͷоõ֣Լϵߡ
һԵС̫ʣ»δ𣿡
ϲ𣺡λҼҹӵģ
һơ¡һӡʵЩŹ֡
С̫εЦЦ˵ʵǾʮ𼱣ߵ𡭡
ˣǾһкθϵ
ѵͻȻ𣬾ֱС̫Ļ
ϲתӡ
һ£ĮȻĳ֣ки߽˾ӤλԼضһȵʱõḻڡӤ֮ǰƽҵʱҲֽܳڣѵøô
ϲÿ˵һ֣֣ļɫѿ֡ΡߣʲôУȻҲ֪˵ĶǶԵģ
ۿżƿԣ֣ʱڻ񣬴ȡһ
ѣּ

46

֣ȻֻǴֵ֣Ŀ˵䱳ĳ͢˼Զ
е̫ʶҪ˵ֵ֣񣬵µͷԡ
ʥּһȻǹ½ּ
ǾѣʱҲƽ͵¡
Ȼ֣ȴǽ¶˶΢ӣչʥּͷһһ˳
ҹǲ²
Сʵ۽ķŹ黹ھѣ価غֵ
ʥּȻûʵױᣬм俴κ⣬͸żк͹
֣ʥּС̫żүΣүЩɡغİտɳŲ̫á
뿪֮ǰǵأΪζϻң
ѽӹʥּʡ
С̫Σ⡭Сʵڲ֪
ԥȥ֣֡
ֿ֣žѣүغΪζ𣬵ؾΪνڽڰˣ±Իᴦáүճþȶϰຣ
Ӧ£С̫໹˵֣Ѿתˡ
û취ֻôҴתϡ֣˸ȳС̫׷Щۣһ׷һߴˣ˵ˣʥּȥ
ȥ֮أ֣ͣ½Ųıͱɢûбһȥ˶ʲô
˵˻
Ҳһᾡ
֣ȫͬѽסϲʰʰȥྩ
ϲסԲؿžѣүҪȥྩ
ѳĬ
Ȼ֪ѾͷζȥԼӣ浽ʱȴ᲻÷֡˰գѿڵأһ£СϷʪůĵط㻹ǵԼǴʲôʱʼɡָɣѪģ
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ͬ

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ͬͬѲǡ
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бָϵһ£ȥʰɡҪһȥϡ
ľѾ̲ݻˡ

47

ǷּȥƽҵġΪ·̫ԶҪص˶ȥྩ޿ֳˡ
һСݣǰϣһϲȥྩ
޿ȻҪߣһߵĻһֱڰˡ֮⣬ϽľֻϲԼνź͸ѾߣȺáµˣòͬݸ
ܵؽţͬ⣬֪
ǱߣϷֻ֪ϲѾͷµүҪྩȥߵʱ򣬻ӣڵİӵǡ
ϲʮ᲻ð̵Ĵǰ͵͵һЩӸǷúչ˴ҡ
ӹʥּ󣬰źһоˡһҹڶ˳ǡ
ʻسţŷĴС㣬𣿡
ϲЦһ£ۣ밡ô᲻롣
Ȼصӹò/ʱҲЩԶʱ򡣵ȥྩүԶߣ֪жٹصء
·£ڼྩţ˵ǹҪƫϳ޿ˣһ·ͣͣ·ɽˮûЩߴٵһ¡
ߵС̫ҲҰ˱Ƽˣֻÿš
ôƣƵģ£ӱسڻεྩ⡣

ͣ
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Ļϲ㶣žȻ
ϲ㣬ܹܣ
ȡĴͷƿһƥͷŵĻֱϲۡ
ؽҲµõĳһܴ󣬳˸⣬˵׺ʯװΡ
ٿӭ̲ͣס˱ۣǸģ
ྩ/ʵݳޡ
ӦȽӵţڳšһ˻һûټ¡
һϣϲ֪֮ͺ¾Ͷྩ̫࣬/ںͶûعǲСʵҲд⣬ǰŽŶĸ̫ͽ̫ǰ˴ˡ
Իֶ˼ֲͽ
үͬĸֵܣȵ۸Ҳãүһơ
ȥ˶ǰﶨտСʵͬöµĻ˵үس͢Ȱæţûʱûõˡ
ǵ
ྩ/
ݵ/ЩͬྩǰйŮ˵ģȥݺڹ¾ͱǰˡǰҵ˾Ͷ뿪ˣŻһЩ˼磬׸ƵĹŮ̫ࡣ
ȵүᣬ˸ߵòˡ
һλȥҲǷ˲Ž/ٳ
үסڱԺΪǰĹϵԺ£ܻҪ²ʹáϲ/͸һԵʱԺȱԺˣͿ԰ȥס
/ĸ֣ԺүסԺ䣬ͷмСԺ䣬ǺԺסĵط
ԺǿԺʱŵĵطԺСסġ
⻹»Ϣõ鷿
ڣһԺ
̫סĵط
/ҲУǿյģҪȽүΪү󣬲ŻŲԺȥס
һֱ˵Żϲ£Ҷȫſڳųеߴߴ˵
һ·ǰС
գꤹ
ؽֵĻЦ͸磬ͽ
Ϳ쵽ˡ
´Цһߴϲѭȥ˵ÿģ˵üҶЦ⡣
⿴Ů٣˺ˣʲôģʲôְҵĶСϵرĸֿ
ôˡ
ྩˡ
ţͻȻײʲôϲ£ȰӴһſϳڣó˸İ
ͷʱ˸غϹǵĹۣȻҳײ˹˵ĳݣ
ּϸ˾ô̶һ֪Ǹ̫ࡣ
ϲ΢΢죬⿴
Ѿ˹ȥڳԶ͡
תʱӭײˡ
֪ļôûˣ
ϲδƣ֪ļҵǵײģǵĳ˵ˣûд󰭣ıǡ
˵ǲ֪ļң̫ͻйء
͹ȥûϢϲǸ̫Ľ
ҵ˭ԭ¸ǰܹܡܹ̫ûǰźϹ˲ɣĹۿ⳵ĿǹĹˣܳײ𣿡
˳ӣ
󵨣ϽǸʹϵ
˳˭ϲʡ
µǹһС̫ࡣǰøոȥѦź򡣡
˵ѹֵϵõģѦ˾Ѧҵλӡ
ϲס빬ˣ
ǡү뿪ݺѦҺ͵˶ַˣټǨྩ̫ͨǰ֣̫࣬Ѧͽ˹ѦԽݣͬ¾棬빬þͳѾˡ
ѦòܵСʵϲҲʮ
ֻѦʲôͺ̫ǰĴ̫Ϲϵ
¶ϲϵĲ⣺ѦԪӡô
Ǹ񲻴ԾĴӣ
ϲͷ
µѦҰѦԪ͸֣̫ࡣ
µĻԽԽƵ£ϲɫҲ͸ԽԽѿվ˳߳ȥ
Բ·ǵѦ˵ͷţһбԱߵ·ϣͨеķΧµʵʵǵĺͷ˵ĹҲ˼ܳͷ󺹵ǰȰ衣
λˣͷŲһŲ
˳Ǹʮ̫ࡣ
԰СϷ˺ġһӣȰĸ۾һź
ϲüͷһ壺£
䣬¾Ѿȥֱץ˦޽˳һѴϡ
󵨣ĳ͵ƿվ˳ȡ
µͷ˳ӣͽ˵Ѧˡ
Ѧۣѵܹܡ˳ҵˣƾʲôܽ
Ѧˣӽ£ûùūΪĵط
΢Ц
ūţ
ѦЩûĻ
˳ǹūţʲôҿǱµ
ѦˣͬĸѪʸ˵ζǲǺ
ϲûסǳ⡣
˵꣬ͼѦ͵ؿ˹ɫ䡣
ѦˣΪȵԽΪϧëȻԸԼڹҫա
ϲֵѦˣףĪСʧ󡣡
ϲ֪Լ˵ʲô
ûǷСʵۣȰ˵Ѧ
ʵװв
в׻Чˡ
ѦɫԽѿٿ·Щ˼ң˼Ҷûг¶ɸ񿴵˫۾
㡢ʲôѦ
ϲ̾ҡ
ų͵Ѿ
ǵߵˡ

48

ϲ˲ЩԾˣ
뵽ǿʥ֮ʦˣź֪ķӦָԼʣˣ
һͬ񣺡үԸΪˣպ/İӡүڸУڴСһӦɷ˴ܡ
˵ֵү˵ˣպྩϲ۵ˣʲôݣֻȥ̯Ҳû£ţ˭˵ʲô
ϲһ˲漴һˬ⡣
ֱпɽдеĸоôˬ
ΪɶϱֵµļŮԱΪɶôϲˬС˵ˣ콵ָĸоȷʵ˾ˬ켫ˣ
үû˵۵ǹĹأϲǵøǰѦ˵ݡ
ЦˣүǱµĻ塣
üˣ
ϲֱҪһָ
ͻȻѦͷҲס
ͨûֵģ˵ײǺܹϵѾߣū澣ԴѦ˾ƾŸҳ
һתۣɷˣ
˲ͨѾߣ·檡
˵Ҳˣ檡
ϲû˵ôѦɫԽԽѿͷһŤֱӶس仰˵

˶š
˭û뵽龹ȻʱͻȻüҫֺĹһй
ϲü
Ǹ˳ӵ̫ʱ˲ӣ涼ˡ
ҲԣƣѦǺԲֺ뵽Ҳ΢в£ֱӾͲˡ
·ܿ˵óϲǰ·
ϲ˶һۣջĿ⣬½˳ڡ
գд۾˵㡢ԣڸóƷˣ˵ţģ˸
ϲָţ˿ųֻЦЦ̾Ϣ
ѦҰѦԪ͸֣̫࣬Ѧ˵λݡҲ֪ѦԪǸʲô
ͻȻóڣ£˵֣̫࣬/ּλ
µصȵߵ֣̫ࡣѦϵλ̫ǰźģ֣֣
ֵΪʮֵԱź֣̫࣬ȴһһ֣ġ˵λʲôϵⶼһˣȻǸӡ
ϲ˵ͷ׵ģ
ЦȻǸɵġ
˿̣ΪѦãµʵʵ·ǳͨˡ
/Լһңŵ
ǰʯʨӶţ˻زʨӡŶѾˣȴֻŽŲ߶
иźǲһ۴ڱϣʱʱ˵仰ԶԶƼ/߹ˣܣһһߺүү/ܹܻ
Ƕˡ
óͣ£漴ӣԹ
һԱµݹ֣
ˡСһ죬Ͱ͵ҷ³
ϲ˵֣߳ᡣ
һ̣ΧЩԭŸֵͣһӶԭء
ЩУǰģʱ䲻ϲݵɣɻǵóϣ¸үһò
Ȼٿһλ˵үԼͨڸúˣǵǻòʮ־£ͷ·µˣϵŮྩҲڶ
ңüۼԴ˼̬ǲǶЩŤŤСܱȵģ
ЩĿֱңϲȻǸоˡ
ָоͺǽ˶԰رƯķݣֿſڱϳè
֪ԼǷݻޣЩĿﲢûж⡣
һߣϢĶЬӣѾֱ˳ͷһż׷ϵС檣ٺͷ̵Ķ
/ʱȵԶΪ˷ֵܸ飬ҲΪöæտ/ȵ۽ܵܵĸۡ쵽һ
ǶҴܳʱϲŸ̤ǰ̨ס
ǵˣ
󺰡
ϲͷæͣʱһƤ̲ס
ȥͣߵλǶ¡
С檡á᲻᲻Ϲأ
ϲ죬ԥҪҪѾܵǰȻط°ڣɤӵ۳ͶˣЩϢɩڶӷϴ
£²Ϲء΢΢գȥݼº
ҭ£Ҫ˵ͷĶѾߵߡ
Ҳá˵̣Ƽϲ˼òŵྩҪʲôѱɲĳЩ˰װ׼˸ˡ
˵ĳЩˣŲµЩˡ
ϲ̡
Ŷ⻰Ȼ˵ʲôͷ͡
Ȼܱ˼ߵıˣñһһõĺԵǰ͵İѱ
û취ͷֻȻ
ǰһС檽ں棬
ͬǣЩСһʱʱػͷȥȻŤͷһһߴߴΪ˶ʵ/ſ˶һۡ
һô˸ôƯ檣
˵ԭݵȥźġ
ģɱλǰÿ̫࣡
ѽüۣΣվĶ
ɶѽ
ҡⲻ˵ҪǱ͸ү˵ǿôȵù
˵üô
ɣǶˡ
Ŀ˵
һֲϲεס
Ķʱعá
ϲ֣
һʱֳĬŲ˵
ϲûֻ΢Цϲεվš
ãʣûк˵㳤˭
ҳ˭
ߺϲָԼ͡
ѲڣʵĵȻͺˡ
΢΢ۣصôһ˵˿Ӱ
ָָ죬˳м̫
ҪʲôˣϲΪʲôմ״ʵĹϵ
̫ô
մ߶մһë
Ҫܺ͵̫йϵҲСϲ
ڽ/ϲᵽʲô
˵ݵѾõĿշֱ̫࣬˷ѡྩģǡعϡ
ȻݴʲݽģֽźҪȥԺʱֻʣˡ
ȵԺ˵ıԺ򿴣ԶֻܿССķ̽ǡ
Ժ˵ԺӣԶÿʮǧ
ˣЩЪϢͻվڷ⣬ʲô£¾ͷţ˺һǡ
ϲͷ
ҲȷЩۡȻһ·ϸóԳԣ˯˯ԺѬŵ㣬һۿȥĴӣôò˯һͿˡ
ȹţиźС̫༱Ҵ˹
Ҳ󺰴У߶˼䡣
΢䣬ٿʱɫѾ
ˡ
˵
ٷ

49

󾸻ٻУС
д۵ĸӹϵҪӾѵĸ׵ĸףҲѾŵġʵ˵
󾸡ʵһƴһֵܼｭɽ³ɳʵλڼ䣬죬֮ڣ˸ҷ
ϧʵǸѹ¶ӻû췴췴ٵǻƵۣܹȢλӣûһġ
λǰһһŮͳֻһӣǺ̫ڻʵۡһֱʵۼݱǺҲŸŮģֻӺһŮ
ΪþѪʵ۴ĸʮ֮󣬾½Ϊǰ޺檡
̫ڻʵۻ̫ӵʱȢǡʵ۸̫
ΪΪ֮λ̫ûܰڻҵʱ⣬һʬ
̫֮ڻʵ۾ӭȢԼеŮҲڻʵۺʺ
ֻϧʺҲǸ̵ġ
˵ʺ󲢷ҲûʵӭȢһλΪʺ
Ҫ˵Ǻͺйء
̫ڻʵһ̫ӵʱ򣬶ھͱ˲ټ檡ȵǻ檷׷׻⣬ȻҲ˸Ұġ
ʺ󲢲ϣʱʱԼĻʵ¶մʲôʱ򶼻ᱻʵ۵ĻʺȫȫǸݾޣһ
ʺӦöׯӺݣﻭţ߸ϡᣬ·һ
ʺ壬ʱ򱻼޵˶
ƫʱ̥
ڻʵġһ͵Ӳá
˶֪Ϊʺжˣڳιֺûȥʺ᲻ã˶̫ڻʵ۹ɺ󹬣Ϊҿ֦ɢҶ
̫֮ڻʵ۵Ĺ˶Ļӣӡ
Ȼ󣬾ʱʮʺµӾѣԼĻزٶµ߻ӡ
Ҳ
ʺԽ̫ڻʵȥ˻ʼɽׯûꡣĻزʹʧ׵߻ӡ
˺֮꣬޻ӹ
ֵڻʵ۱̫̫֮ڻʵƺѾ仹Ϊѡ檣ڿ֦ɢҶӲơ
ǣӲ̫ӣǻΪۣȽɽǰǰʱʺ١С
ǳӣҲڻʵ۵һӡ
֮꣬ǰźŮϻ˳ݣΪʵ۵һŮ
ȻȻ
һֱڻʵۼݱϻ̥²ű֪
ԣ̫ӾԼķţ
ΪΪ˳ףҪף˳ܺúûš
ʹӡʵһ·Сʵۣϲĵ׸Ӽˡ
һ棬СʵͻȻټôҪʲôʹ͵ĺ¡
һ棬Ϊˣôװϸϸذѻҵ¶ͬ˵һ飬Ҫ˵ûоѵķԸǾܵġ
ԽԽ˾áѹ
ܹͬ˵Щϲʣ᲻鷳
ӣƲ͵飬ƺЦǸоͺûнʵ۷
Ȼᡣ
ȥͣ˹⣬ڹǰС̫ЩͷˣҪ˵ЩĻһ¶жͣɫʵͽͷ
ϲЩؿһۡ
ɻǸ΢΢ЦĺͺղŰС̫סˡ
΢΢񣺡ˣȥݼ̫
Ӧȥʺ󡭡ôϲ¶ʡ
΢ЦǴ󾸣ûгȥݼСĵ
ϲˬ
˵СʵȢλʺңȻ֪ƷԲų˻ʺ󣬵ﻹЩӦ
ԣܲȥݼȻˬˣ
ϲϷ鲢δסˡ
ͿţЦ⣬ֻڿ쵽̫󹬵ʱЦӯӯ˵˾䡰үλɩ֮Ĺϵá

̫ȻǵϢ֪ʵۻ𼱻ǵټ˸ջྩŮ졣
һߵŹλòŸٵŮŮٷӦǰӭ
ǹһѣ߽̫
˲ʱϲйŮ̫
ѭȥŮŽĸѾż˽
ϲ١̫ͣԼĪʮ꣬Ȼʺֳ̫һλׯֵĸˡ
ȼˣʮ굱͸ˡ
١̫ŲʮͷӣԵɫѴϣͺ˼ﳤ·
١̫ϲ
ȻҪ޾ѵʱ˵ҪڡȻһ꣬˵ʲôҪ޽/ˣֿ롣
ҲˣΪ˼ȥ
Ǹʲô١̫Ȼ֪֪ǼؾصģԾѵ˵һױͳȥˣأıߣǶʣһݶĽ֡
ֻû뵽ĸֻʣһ
ֻ·õġ
ȻٲɫľѣĵҲϲֳ޵Ůˡ
١ʺ˼磬Ϣࡣ
нҪĺܡһ˱»ʺˣ
񣺡̫˵ЦˡүԸ˻ؾͷһ£ҪȰݼ̫֪ģүĺã֪Ҳչ˵ˡ
١̫ϲһۣΪվȽ»͵͵Ų£ɵЦһ
ˣүҿˣߣȴȵ֪¡
ţ١̫ϲ͡ϲã˲ٹھص¡
ϲܽĶˣʲôʲôؾصģԽ׳һ˵棬١̫۵׵ЦЩزסˡ
ϲ̲סͣ١̫ôǺ;ѹϵõӣ᲻ˣ
үȻˣʱǧǵãĪҪ¡Ҫͼ/һ졣
ϲͣ١̫˵ĿǾͻȻˡ
үҲȢˡչ磬㲻Ҳ͸ҷСϤϤ˵֮˻δ
ͻ䣬ϲһʱЩӦȿ١̫ųͷӦǡ
Ȼ̫ܵĶʲôС׻
ˡ١̫ƺˣ̧ͷȥʵ۰ɡѾڻʺȵòͷˡ
˵ˣϲ뿪ɿ֣΢̧ʵ
ղע⵽ô˵۾ƺЩ졣
ĹŮ١̫ĶǣԵصЩ㡣ôˣ˴˳һﶼСҪǼĹϡ
١̫Ĭ
Ҳǣϳô࣬һֻһ˫۾ˡ

50

̫ϲѺ̫֮便ʲôԹ
ЦЦ˵ʱ̫Թء˹Ǽţ̫Ȼǰүͷϡ
ڻʵ۵ӭȢ١Ϊ̫ʱ١ֵഺ١
Ů.һŵȻǺͷʵɷٰüŮ˫Ǹʱʺȥ˹׵ӱ̫Խӵꡣ
̫縸Ľ׵ܣε١һ빬ûüӵԼĺӣȸ˵ˡ
֮꣬١ңںһֱδãܶ˶˵Ϊȵ۰ѪֵܵĹϵ
ˣ޼̫ӺͿɱΣλ
˲ţʾ֭͵͵˲ķӡ
ʱѾɻʺ١һ£ڳɹº󣬽»ԼĳɹСƵȵǰ
̫Ϊ֮ʵϣⱳ̫ǳɹϷˡ
̫˼лԼڣɹġϷ˹̫ǰ˵ү̫СסŮ̫ΣʹλС͵ȵǰ
үʮ꣬δŵͻȻֳ﾿ʲô뷨޴ӵֻ֪֪֮ү빬ξȥˡ
һ̫ͬĹϵȻԵòôˡ
һߣһ߽ϲɻ
λ빬ΪĳɹС㣬ûźûвֵ͸ԼԼġллأ
ɹλС빬ʱͬүһȵ۲ǻ֮ˣ˺󹬣ʵ̫Сȵһֱҡ
ֻɹʲô˼ҡظҵ¹ȥ֮Ϸ˱һһŮܵʢ裬ɻʺܵҲǼõ¡
ǼȵһλΣ
ôõõô
ϲ
Цȵ۹мλɣ£ʮˡʮУйĲˣǺ빬ģȵһֱҡȵۼݱȵگȥˡ
ԣһʺһĸ㼸λݡ
ڻʵȫĺˡ
㲻㹬ϲʡ
գۣү¶㡣
ϲ˻ʺžã̫˵Сʵڻʺ󴦵Լ˵Ƕ衣
ڵǰδų̈ף˹ڵĸ֡
ŮٲϵϲȴϵߵͣʱתȽȥˡ
ʱŮٻ롣
ǰŮٵŹ
ϲͷŮһһۣ˵ֻټˣ޹˵Ȳڡ
˰ģūڵšǵ
ڸ費ЪϲһһԶ˶̧Ƽλϵĵۺ
ĵۺͺһͷīŸҲͬڳģ֪ʲô
ˣСʵ۳
ϲĿбӣǰ˸򸣣ϼϣʺ
ȥû
Ŀͷϣ˵Ҳ֪˭
СʵûϲֻܱƣǿŲ
ǻʺɡ
ϲӦǣȻֱҲʱ̧
λϵĻʺԼ¶һ΢Ц
ǻˣ˹ȻһɫؿӵСʵʱ¶ϣʺ˵˻ҴҵȻ͸ġ
Сʵ۵ʵСˡ
ʮǻʮʮ꣬ƿǿʱ
Ǳ곤һ꣬Ŷ֮ʺҲҶ̫ĸԤͷ
ءԵ֣常֮оǳɾһ׮¡ʺЦᡣ
ŶСʵЩм
ϲЦ񣺡ŮȷǸøлҶλүǣŮҲ벻
ʺȻûϵԼѻ˵ȥվḾˣ뵽ԼҸǸãԽñõҪ룬ǹͳһ
ʺڴϲͬʱϲҲڲɫĴԺԼ£λȴǶһ޶ķ򸾡
ûǰǶλүеӡʺм񣬵ֽԳһӢ
ȥСʵۡ
ϵѪȻһֽӢĻ򡣾ǣռĶǣСʵҲͬ
ֻ˵檳ȺĶСʵۿȵӡ
ʺ˵˵ϻСʵۡ
ʺ΢΢ͷԵ
ϲ˵֪Сʵ۲ϲԼȻҲȷϲٽ˵ȴôһ̬ȣҪʵѡ
⡰롱ͷʮ֮˾žΪѦˡ
ȻСʵʺ˵˼仰Ȼͳ׵ϲȥ˿ϵ޹Ѧˣ
ϲƤ̧̧ûֻ̧ۣ¿ŵأʱȷϵһλѦĹֻǲϤ
˵꣬ӣǺ֪ʲô¿еѦˣѲѦѦġû˵꣬죬һ˾ŵӡ
ⷴӦЦСʵۣȻЦ˲һСᣬͻȻ
㻹ϵõġҲǣѦ˻ع֮ɾͬ޿ߣ˵Ǳڹײˡˣ֪
ϲ⻰ҲСʵ۽˼˵ףѦǼ٣ǽ˳ôô
Сʵٶȣ治١̫Ķӡ
˳ƹ£ȷʵϵѦˡֻǲ֪ʱײˡָ/Ѧ˵ײ˳аͨУʵֻǸ⡣
Ѳϲߵ˳ȥϰˣһһµģϥЩܲסˡ
͵͵ŲŲȣ˺̣óȻ޲ãֻȫǵİնö·ϲýˡ
ʺʱ̧ͷϲ
СʵǸ˵ġ
ϲͷȫ⻰ǿ佱
ӦСʵϵıˡ
֪Ѧû滰ģҲ˸˵Ŀ߾ͰͰͽ˽°ӡ
ûô˵ѦŮ빬ྩһ֮Ůܵϳļƣڳ̬ɫ۳ļҲΪԼ˺ί
һ뵽ôΪǵĴƫӻû壬һԱǻɵ檡ر𣬸ǽĸꡣ
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ͷ˵һССô̫Ĵеģǻʵ۱ô
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51

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Сϲһģһϲȵ
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Сʵɫ˱䡣
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ԣҲΪλһҪĵǹսȥû뵽ԼԼ˸С檡
Ǯѩһֱ΢Цšϲϲȵֻֿ˶ϼ޻Ҳ֪ǲ˵չϲȵ᲻͵͵۸ˡ
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Ѿĵ͵ʺǰָŻ˵ϲôﻹЩĵ䲻׸һ裬ҲǾƷһظ㼸ĵ
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Ц˵˵˵ţͷᣬۿҲ΢΢
Ǳߵϲȵ̲סǮѩĻֱ˹ȥһѰϲס
§ţһηֿ
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ɵӶóԷΪͻȻġ
ǮѩȻȽҪ곤ʮ꣬Ծʮᣬüȶܶ฻󸹱㡣
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/˸Ϣ
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ھУ/˲»ʺϵѰԻǽŻһЩҪʲô⣬Ҳܰæ
ϲֻ˵ϲȵ޵Ǹྩһ̡ΪǡȽǮˣôû뵽Ȼֱӽһʵ˵͡
ֱӴҳͷ᲻ᡭʲôӰ죿ʵСȻܸ˳˳ҲӰ쵽ϲȵǡ
˭ϣ䣬ǮѩЦһ
飬ңҪǲǮҵĲƣ󾸵̫ƽӾҪûˡ
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ĵ׾̾ϲȵ
ϲȵǼ˸ʲôĴѽղǾ仰ֱǰѡɵйĸˡ
뵽Լ˽Ǯϲ̲סҪ𸻡

52

ϲûȥǮ
ڵ/ˣ檡óóȻȥǮͷ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ֻҪˣԵ¾ԵòôҪˡ
ҲûȥֱӾ/
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һ棬ټϲȵ־żͿҲʲô¡
һӵìСһأЩìܾôΣԺתһȦ
εڶмᴩΣһӶ˼β۳ս
εûϻСϲϲȵӱ֪ͶԾ£ʹ֮£ĺӲ̥

جˣ
ϲشȼæˮ͵ֱߣ˲ҪҪ´ȥ
ϲߵĴѾߣרŶĿڣźѾ̫𱰣ѷ˿
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ڹϣŻɤе˯ѵɳƣʲôʱˣ
ˡȵ
ôˡϲǡ
ˣȻҲСһЩ߰Ρ
˺ܿ͵Ժһģ֮ǰͻæµ͡
Цӯӯȸʢ˷÷߳Ա˵
ȻҪ˵ʲôԼ뵽£ϲǵͷ
˽һһ㣬ӦˣҪλġ
붯үܾˡϲڷ³һ仰
ϲһŵһնϡͿţ֣𹫿˲ˣȵȵ۵ǻǰҪ̫֮λøүүûӦʣֻѵܹΪȵػ󾸽ɽȵ۵ǻǼ꣬һֱǳҰ⽥˴ԣ˵ȵ۴үΪ̫ܡ
̫ܣʱ˶ãȵӣݱ̳лλģϲ죬̫֮Уºȵ۳ӣҲλϡǰ˵ϺүӦûʲôԹ
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ǶѾлô
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ȵ۶ĵģ̫ӳŷֳ˼ӡȵ۴ŵ̫ӵǻ̫̫̫ƽƽ
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Ǻ⣬һþãֵػͣôͶôʱ䣬ʱʱЩһһ
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һĻϲ򴽣ʣΪҪƼң
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ô֣үרдϲȥû־䣬㶵صݸȡ
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ؼүԷáȥ˶϶ܹܺúտˡصдǰѷ˷ء
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޼ྩеλƽƽһŮ˻ң˶⣬µŮߵֻȫڽʯ֮ѧϵĳӡ
޼ϲһʱЩ㶡
Ҳ֪˭дģ׭ֻ֣ǿܱϳ֡
Ʃ硰ϦƩ硰徰ѷ˰ϧ
ġϲֿ໡һס۾
ҶùæͰ͵صݵǰ
ɨһۣдӵɩɩǳֳԽʯ֮ѧڹٳϲ˼ȡɩӽź궼ڸаһŻᣬྩиҴ˼ˣΪľ취ó˴Ϲϵ
Ż᣿ϲʣͽʯֻҲ֪ҵĳʯֻʲôģҰ㲻
ϱ̸̳⣬ȻҲʱ򣬵ǻҪôͣҪôȥ
Լǡ㲻ֻ䱦ʲôġ
Ҳû¡ҲյӣʱңҴȥ޼ҹ䡣ûʲô޼ҵ԰ʰüõġ
ô˵ϲȻӦˡ
Żʲôģ˵ϲȵ

53

³죬ϲԼʱȥ˶
ǻңҲ˺һ磬Ŵһ޸ȥ
޸/붨լӲ̫Զ
ֻྩеȺҲŵȡ޸ֻ֮ĩ޸լȻҲͲԹҵլˡ
޼ҰⲩŻȻǹ޸Ŷ糨˰Źܼš
һǰǰӭӣ߻Ÿĵޱȵϲⲻ˶˼ۡ
λ/ˡ
ԭˡһݣֵ˴飬ӭ˵ҼϷܼһˡ
⻰еʵЩ⡣
ϲ˶һۣʣϷң
̵ȹ̨ףԣǰֵıӰ³һ仰
ûʲô뿴ܾôǧԼǸʲôģŮˡ
ϷȻȷǶϲ˺棬֮Ҳû¶ʲôر
ߣжߣĻǼʲôʱΪӵϡ
ڶ
ڸϷ밲󲻾ãͱ޼ҵĹǺ߳ԲȾȥˡ
Լߵһֲϲ԰ȥתתҲʶʶڳĸҷ̫̫ǡ
ϲȻӦã־ȥ԰ӡ
޼ҵĲŻᣬ˵ƷʯֻȻٲЩ
ŮڵĵطǴ޼ҵĺ԰̨ͤ¥ˮ鿳ڣ˸ֻв軨Ҳڼ䡣
б򶼾ۼǰԺ˵иֻȺ԰һЩټӶ
ϲ԰ĿģЩֻ䱦԰ĸɫˡ
ྩȱˡ
ׯģ˳ģÿʵģʲôӵ˶С˰ٻĸ֡
жţٷ̫̫Ƕǰ̸
˶ϲĵһӡ˾޵òȵ֪ݺ˱ģ˺棬ҲԾؼ̸
ϲһȦʶ˲ˡ
ͷһؼֻƾűļ䣬Ŭÿһֶ
ʱߣҲþִ٣һ԰Ĵɫ
ϲ檣пݵģȻҲݲġ
԰ɫУмﷺᣬ˵һЩŵĻ
Ǿ/ˣ
ʲôˣǸ檵ġ
檣Ҳ檡ү֮ǰüŮȥ檣ϳˣ
ҲԼŮʲôģȶԱȶһ˼Ь䡣
꣬˵Ǵ޼ҡ
ͷϲͷڣ԰
Щȥˣùһֺࡣ
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˵ﻰСϲǵ泤úãҪȻҲŰȥˡ
ȣˡ
˵䲻ʹĻһɣ߰ɣȥ߹䣬֪޸Ľ
ϲ˵ţȥ
޼Һ԰СǽʱרŴģ˵˲ٽΪŮƽûʲôãһĽַ׳
ȥһ۾źȶһˡ
ſںϣϲҲ֪һĻò
ֻǹ⿴Ӱ֫ˣĺܡ
΢΢ϲֻúܡ
ϲ͵̧Ծؿ˹ϲ
ܽ
ϲһڼ˰˵֡
Ȼʱҵܽ
ˣܽҪȥźǸ֣Ĵ̫ˡ
ܽƹߵѾߣǰ쵽ǰ˻ȥϲô
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Ϊʲô⣿ϲʡ
󵨣ܽѾߴǳ⣬Ȼλ֣ϵĴˣ񣡡
ѾߵĻϲܽһۡ
ܽһưӣôʱȻŴӣҲ΢΢ס
˻֣ߵѾߣϲ㱻ߺ󲻾ãྩˡȻ㲻ӣ֣һǼ۰ġ㿴ڣʳõĳԲůú費˾һ߳
бſˣЦأ㱻֮ôҪҪҰҷ̫̫ǣ
ܽû䣬Ȼ磬ܽĽӴã꣬ĵ׻Ǹеˡ
ǺϲȵطȻͬĸˡ
ҲСϲԼĸˡ
Ҽҡ
ϲ죬Ҫ˵ܽʹʵˣʲôʱྩģôãͷؼ㣬ӦǸлؾ޼ҰĲŻᣬүҲеְġ
ϲ΢΢Цܽһš
Ҽү˵мλԱЯҾؾְϲǸλ˻ģҪҼүæ̫ǰ˵һְ
֪ܲҼү̫ǰĺˣǵүҪ˭ͬ˵һ˵붼ܳɵġ
ȵͷ죺̫ǰĺʲô˵ŻƲ졣
⶯ƫñܽߵļѾ߿һ¾ͳɤѵ⡣
󵨣ȻҶǴ˲
ѾҲƽﱻߵûûСˣ־ҪȰơ
ϲɫ΢䣬һץסѾߵֱӽ˦Ѿûһץһקһ˦ֱӾˤ˵ϡ
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ϲͷܽЦЦء
ܽǸѾߣĿ֣档ͲҼү֪󣬸λʹӣʱ㻹ǰ㣿
ϲ̾˿ӻǺʹǰһꡣ
Ҳں˵Ц

ʲʲô
ܽסҴȥͬļѾҲ
ϲͷԣҸλˣ
ǣܽεЦϲƭҵİɣ㲻˵˵Ҫһط֡
԰ʱ˵ʱ򣬿ɲ˵ͷǸ󷽵˼ңȻӣط־ӣȥź
ϸ룬ɲȢŮô
֪ܽԼʱǾò
ԭΪϲӹû᲻ԼƽҲԼӡܹǱϲõģڸ˼Ҹ
ŮɫǰůͨûУŮ׺ûüط־ӵ£ྩ˭˲֪
УѾ룬ҲֻϲһŮˡһ檣ܳڴ޼ңյ
ڸղŻ룬ϲǸżĸġ
ܽŬװЦݣϲ˵ȡȻϲô˵
˵ЩԼղż£ɫֱ˱䣬ȥߣЪЪ޼԰ӵķ⻹Ǽõġ
ܽɫѿҴҷСѾҪ˵ӭͱܽһơ
СѾ߽صĿޡ
ϲһʼ鵭һֱܽԥֻͷ˾䡰ڣ㵱ġ𴽡
ȣү˽𣿡
ҡͷãȻ

54

޼ҵ԰޵Ưϲںߴһᡣ޼ȻڳûжĹְӦв棬Ͼ԰Ӳǹľ޽ġ
ϲϱȥרŷ¹ŵĶȼ̸⣬ͥԺľһǺķ˼ҴѪǮơ
ҪϲͷүҲԸôһƬ԰ӡ˷ܣ´˵үƽ￪˲ٺ»үô۰ˣȴӶϻ˵һϲ޼԰ӣүһܸһÿġ
ϲ΢΢һЦסܼҡ
ϲġ
ϲѵҪһϲأСȣҪҪ˽ѽ
ˣ
Цߵһ࣬޼ҰŻỹǻ˲˼ģΪ˲ЩԲŶ䱦Ȥķ̫̫Ҳڳ˲ĵ
ϻڹϲͼϲȵ͸ʺĵɫûʣ浣𡰻֮
޼ҵĵȻŨޣҲʮò
ҲЩĵٷ̫̫˸̸ʱ
ϲ˿԰ĵ
ڱλƺĵЩ˽⣬һ԰ĵƷͷ㣬ԲԶĸţ͵ǲԱ
״Ԫ죿
Ʒࡢֲ꣬Ӧǵ¯졣
ƯһҲڽҫԡ
趹ҲǼõġ
ҪǴǰǮĵ޼ҵЩֻҲƵϳһƷˡ
Ǯϲⲻ˶һ䡣
ǮλСҲ֪ĸ˼ҵͷӣǮĵĸǮҵĹѪ˶ӣֻµλι̡Ժ󣬻˭ܺ
ҷŻƼڴϷ˴˵Ϸ˴ǰЩޣ檵Ůӡһ䣬æ
˵أ˵/λҲˡûˣɼŵĶ˵ǲһ޶ĳ࣬޼һ޲ܰ˵
Ҫ˵ҲǸϲ̨檡ӣܱšȢʲô˵ת־ͱ
޼԰ʲôãǹ̫ࡣ
ϲͻȻشλ˵ġ
ѭȥͼܽڵزŲ˹ݺݵһۣų˳
ļҵģ˨Ӳ˲ɣôǳҷͣ
㡪
ʲô
ܽЦǴ޼ңڱ˼ңҽھ˺/ǵ죡˵ҷ͵Ĺǿģ
ܽྩ˶֪
Ȼ˼Ҽ޵١̫ǰ֣̫ࡣ
ûʹˮǴߣ˭ҵĿ˵ǰһֻܵͷġ
Ҫб£ͻȥ˲ңүļȥֹģʲô
ܽģǰǸƤģݱˣѵˡ
λ˱ѵð仰˵촽鶯ŵصǸˡǴŵ֮ǰ֪վܽϵŮˣ۵С檡
ôûô฾ڸǰֹ˵Ļ
ܽòУϲȴЦ
Цʲôܽҧҧʡ
ϲҡͷЦ㲻Ѿҽѵˣ
˭ڰ㣡飡ܽ
ϲЦ춹ģ
ܽǺŶģǿ鶹ĴѾͷ
ϲŤͷȥѾûӰˣʵڱô˵е㲻ˡүڣһ檵ģܸ˳ɡأҲû˵ܻҪյϢġ
ܽ˿˾˸ۣܸ
Ȼǡ
ˡ
ļͻȻ
ϲͷһѦӦýѦˣ߹
ˣʲôôҽ˶ԸҸ磡
˭ܽüʡ
Ѧ˼УȻʶң󵨣
Ѧˣ۵׸֮ܽˣϲȥ˺ݺֱȻƿ
ϲվȻѾ˹ȥܽһѡ
һƣȻþȫ
޼ҵĺܴϲǴһͷƵͻġѦһƣҪܽͣϲҲûȥ
ˣңק㣬ģôһ˺
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һˮ
ˮЩˡ
ԭͻķע⵽ߵĶȿˮ𡰾
ԽԽ󣬴޼ҵҲ˹ϲˮˮˡʱϵһɫʱˣˣ
ˡ
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ϲȵȺмֱ˵ϲǰʪñ
û£䲻䣿ûУ
ϲݴԻǳϲȵЦЦ㣬ʲôʱģ
ϲȵ۾Ҳŵһᣬ˵Ҳڣ㣬ҧҧ͵̧ͷȥոձϰѦˣѦ³裬û뵽ܳһ˸ؼģ
ϲϲȵ֣ϵܽȳˮ££ϴ޼˼Ҵ̺ӡ
ǳģϲΪ˾Ҳűǣġ
ϲȵֿ˿ϲ㣿
ϲͷ
ûü˵ѦȷӦޣˣʲôʲôԹҪôңѦң
Աߵķ̫̫ע⵽ǵĶҲûע⵽ܽɤһɫˡ
Ҷ֪ʵ˸ˣͷϣʺûиҵĵƫƫС˾͵ִ
һ˵ģһ֣̫ޣһǮշķˣиȻֻ檣ȴ/ˣҲʲôѰݡ
һʱ䣬˭Ҳ֨
ϲϲȵţƳ˹ȥ
˭ˣղų˵Ĳ㣿ſڱտڼ˵Ĳ㣿֪ŵˣôֱɲƢ
ܹˡ
ϲˮʪģ˿ճ֬Ҳ˲٣ɼˣɫ˵һݡ
Ѧ˱ͻܱѿУٿܽƺʶһҪ

ʲô
Ůǵĺ԰Ȼ˵ͳ
Զϡź˽Ӷغү
˶ѭ˹ȥȺ糱ˮ˿óмĵ¼ɫôżױǵ˹

55

˶סˡ
һػؾʲôʱ
ƺΪӭȢŮǸǰʱ
֮󣬾˵ûüͱһֽȥƽȥˡ
˺꣬йϢǴ˵ƽң˵ϻͼı˽ء
ǼйЩţྩȴûٹ
ʳǸµЩδǼ˵ļˣ޵ĴޣҲֻŵѹĵסͻȻˣ˶ˡ
Ѧ˵ĸһٶȿúܴĿ
Ѿݳһû˼ҵŮˣҲҪŶܵءǻϵˣǹˣȻ檣УñԼǰ¡Ψˣû취
֪ҲŮˣ͸뾡취ߣҲмͬʹڣպôҲиλݣͬһġ
ȱǡһǾֱӻ֪ϲȥ˴޼ҲμʲôŻᣬ˴޼ҡ
ԭ˻ظϲߵ԰޼ҵżæصˮȥˡ
һʣǹѦ˰֣˺/ˮ
ǰ˭ûȤ֪
ֻüˮ֣϶ʱһ˪ʲô
ߵߣ˱ŵϲ־ȥ
ྩķˮô԰Ҳܵº˵ĻϵĶȴĺܣ䲻䣿
ϲ˿
ѿԹԵͷϵ˪ɢֽ̧ϵ磬ֱϲϡ
Ӳ羰ѣ֮°ڵһءϲȵæְ°գ촽ýġ
£ϲΪ˾˲ˮġ
ϲ˵ϲȵȴԼǰ
üͷɨһϲȵЩƵӣɿüͷ
˭ʡ
ҡܽش
ƺողע⵽ϻһˮĸˣԱ˽ܽ˵֣̫Ȣҡ
ྩ˽֪١̫ǰ֣̫࣬˵ĹϵӺǰֻ˵Ƕӡ
ƫղһ£ȥ֣ϡ
˶Ϊݲйܽϵʱ򣬾һǣǣϲתҪ뿪
뿪·Ѿ˳Աߴһġү˵ĽŲȺͣ
ͬŮɬӯӯһݣү
˭

ѻһŮط˵͵͵Ц
ѦԴѦ빬ڳԵøšѦˣûҫ۸ˡһӣʵǽкö˶ųһѡ
үôϲǣţѦۿ죬һίò˵ӣĵײˬλѦҵĹ
ѵעϲϣ˵ʱãԼûȴһ
ǹ˹ڵԭѦĹ
ѹǷܵӦһ֮ʲô˵ϲǰߡ
Ѧ˼ϢѾĻֻϧ˵ѾˡʱΧŮ˿˵⡣
Ѧôһֵӣ
ĺŮˣҲȵ˼֣
˵ˣƼλûһÿϳôһҲǳ
꣬㲻Ҫˣǿǻϣ
ЩۣѦ˲û
öǱǣִߵϲּգ߸չźĹŮͱһƴ˵ϡ
Ѧˣ
޼Һ԰˵ߵģֻжһ˵
Ѧ죬Լݡ
ˮ˵ǣϲ˵ǽץǰ
˴·֮ʶԼߵ̫죬ϲߴܣʮġ
תһۣʣô뵽Ӵ޼ҵӣ
Ⱥ;ѵױں棬ԶԶԼĪʮľ룬ͣ½ŲҲͣ˳㽫Щͼǰүк
ѶЩ˿Ҳһۡ
εĴ޼ңôǰȥŮƼĺ԰ôӴϲԼ
ЩǰҪ׽˶ʲôĿģҲ֪һ
ûȤ
Ȥǰ
ô뵽Ӵ޼ҵӣһ顣
ϲ磺ûʲô£ԸųЩ䣬ִ̧˴첲
ⷴӦ̾˿š
µʱ֪ȣҪԼȥҪǸѦˮʹҪô죿
Ҳһʱ
һʱģΪ˾ȹѲһУţ֪ˮʱʶʸԱߵˣΪԼˮжãж󣿡
ϲסԴҪ粵ͼº˴ԶүĽѾˡ
ϿһۣͲ׵ֱӾɹ˺̿üͷһ壬صϣžʵҲɹ˲١
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֣ģʡ
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̫ȢʵǼֵ¡
˴ڣͨ˾Ȣһӵ̫ӸλƸļӻ˼ҵŮңߴ׼̼ӣӣԼˡ
ЩûǮûȨģڹ͵͵͹Ůʳ
ܽʵҲΪҲȥ֣ǡ
֪ѵԼĹϲûǰʲôʵ˵ˡ
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ţ˸ţû뵽Լ
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ãһࡣ
С
ûпĵط˵Ĵȴ΢΢

56

Ϊ˲ᣬϲܿ쿪ʼͷ˯
ҡҡλεģǴߵĺùߡ
˯ѵʱϲ춼ˡ
ҪǣԼˡ
ɤۣ˵䡣ִӹ䡣ڴҪһ÷ѡ
֮⣬ԼһǲۻˣôΧĻİ
ڴϣģ˯ѣܵرۣ֪˯ȥ
Ҳ֪ȥ˼ʱһΡ
һأöˣǾЩۡ
ϰԵǡ
˻
ˣ
ȴԱ
һҲžµ
ȥүѾˣ
ϲʲôʱˣһǣ۵õ˿
ȱӳѾˡ
ĨĨ۾˴Ӵ޸·ϻúõģ˯˱ү½ӵġû˯ʱͿʼ
ûֲԣʵǿ˯̫ã˵˯˲þȥˡ˼ûӦ˴ȥŲԣ̽һϲĶͷһƬ̡
һ˲ˣСѾȥү
үִܿϴһóˮĽ
յһʼˮιȥ˵ҩˡүҲ֪ʲô󶼹Թ԰ҩˡ
˯˺þãʱò׼۾û˵˯˹ȥ
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ϲԴϻЩģȵĻһʱҲ֪˵ԼྩԽԽˣǴ޼ҵĺô䡣
ǣԼҧģ
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µϣ΢΢ۡ
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˵Ҩһҩ֭Ҫι
쵽һ룬ʲôջ֣ڴߴ˴ιϲ
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үԼɡ
Ҫȥҩյȴץýģۿ
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ز˻Ҫ
ԣүӶϴսλˣ
š
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֪
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ǿιһ޵Ҫҩ˵ܻܲԼȥϢͻȻ˿ڡ
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ѵһϲס
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ɡ
ϲָָԼ
ѵЦһܻ޵ү˭ҸҼޡ
ϲգգ۾˵ϵѾֱ֣סۡ
˯ˡ
ϲ
ֻһ䣬ү㻹ûϴ衭
ؾͷһͽŲ˱Ժ
λˣǸӣүһȲعˣնϷš
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Ҳ֪ĸ˵ıģ޴壬·ڴͷһһ˶ſ
Ҫôһ£Ҳˡ
ƫƫ
һ뵽Լ⼸˯ʮּѣǰҹڸ첲߻¯ѣһһ˵ġϹۡϲԼʵ̫ˡ
ˡ
վԺУһǰЦŽνġүڽϿĺ͵ǰ
͵ǽһģֻѡߵ谮ĸһϡ
˵ྩʮŵѧС֪ԼˣÿղŸΣǸի֬Ҫô¥ˡ
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ơ
ϲӹ㣬Ҫȹһԣºȵֺ֣СѾͷͷҲصش˹ȥ
ЦŴӻͳʲôݸȡ
ٿȸ˵һ˫۾ζǶϣ˿ûע⵽ͷĿ⿴Լϲһӿ

57

ܽǰϲһЩеĺܡ
Ʃ¶ȸԵĺá
õܽĹҲõܽ·ı޺ۺҧۡ
Сϲܽ״̬ú޸Ǹ֣ܽûáǸޣҲһĥ
ˣμӵǱҲԡһصϲߣȾױƵİ¸ĳʳ͵ϲǰ
ϲƫͷһۣǱȺģȻճ¯
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ȣȥܹʣ˵ǰҪƿʲôʱ͵ϲ
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ϲ˵ܹ֪ġȥһ¡
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СѾ߰˽лʱһ˵ƺ˵ʲô˵飬һֱվϲǰϵЦݶǷĵϡ
ϲȣ
˵ߵѾߣϲżɽֱʡ
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ЦһҪ֪׸˵һų൨Ϊ󾸣¶Ҫɴǲѱ˱˵ϸһδĳвȵ͡

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ֻҪ˿϶һһܺȥ֡

58

˵ҪϲȥԼϴŶϱСһȥʱ򣬴ϲ
ϲͷһμΪϱĴСϣһʱ裬ǰɼˡ
ܺ˺ܿӣСʱĹͬСѾּҳˡ
׸ķޣ÷СҾ졣׸ǸʱϾͼ˹ٳּĸԼļױɷ򸰾μӿƾ١
и޵Ѿߡ
ԶݵŮˣ㱻ɩӵˣӻһֱߣ޶š׸Ͽ̫ù֪ôչԼʹѾߵ˼󣬾ͨѾ߸׸ȥྩ
׸һοƾپͰˡ
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Ǻ׸аף˵ԣʱĻʵ۵״Ԫգʱţסྩ㿼ͻȻԼС
ż𣬲ԽԽá
ֻ÷棬ôֻ꣬źղһˡ
СϣȻңźղıá
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С˶ΪźղηĸϻŲ̧ˡҼţһ¼˵Ӹˡ
⳯£˵ϱҲﲻʲôæÿµĳһʮ壬ٵܻȥ㣬汣Ӹƽ¡
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ļ䣬Ѿǣɽ¡
СҪȥСסڳ⣬ϲ£ַϲྩСٹټŮ춼ʹСһżѡڷϲ³ի޼ա
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ΪǽϲҲ˲ӳţΪľ͡Ǯʱ򣬸Ͳ٣һİһʱ࿴˼ۡ
ϵϱģǰѯݡ
ϲܵߵˣϲʷ˵ӡ
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ղǡ

59

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ϲٳļСӲݴּ֦С·еʯӡ
ϲܵÿ죬Ҳ飬ǻһֱ׷һֱû׷
м侭һɺԵСӣӴ밶һСĸߵ׷ϵͷһƬܰȫĵطûӣѡȥ
СӸɺ˲֪꣬Ӵֻʣ´ССĶʯӲݴʯͷʯͷķ϶һشصģв֪С䡣
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СǹǱ˴ɽôһȺ׷ҪҪɱͷҪû⣬ǲй
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СڴϱĿ
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Ҫɱ˭

60

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61

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㻹Ʊ絽ʲôʱǸгɰ̫࣬ǰ㹬ź򣬺ǻʺֺУóļһϳȥġʲôʱ˵ߣ
СʵʵѾ˵Сˡ
ʮ꣬檣һ̫֮ǳڸΪ˵ԣܺ
һŤͷȥ١̫Ļ
١̫㻹ϴ
ʲô
Ĵ˼ܣ
١̫
Сʵ㶡
ҪԸ壬ҪԸҲ㡣ˣԼ˼˵Ȱ֮ȥͬ㸸ʸǼȻҪԸҪе°ŵϸϸ
١̫ɸ֡
η֮绢Ļ壬Ϊң㲻ò𸴡ĵĻʵܣΪƻ̫˽ģѻ˾ߡ
ޡӦô
㣬ϣҲǡҪ͸ˣܷģǶ˾衣
ϲ⣬ĸӵ̸ֻ겻ѡ
١̫˵͹ֶвСʵۣʵҲҪնݳ˼
ȻЩԻĸӣ˵֪
ڻб仰ϲ/ڣŸʵ
кĵŮҽԵһκÿն׼ʱԺ
ֻǼ򵥵Ļҩ˵˷Ըҽɡ
˵ϺϷֱ̽ÿΡ
ȻǸŶġ
׷žƸһϳġ
ϲȵ
ϲ˵ʱ˵ģǲϵ֣̽˵ϲȵ
ϱӶŮһû׽㡣մСϲĹ⣬һչˣԽ׽
죬ϲԺһϲȵ¡Ķӣһ˵ֿ첽ˣˡ
ʲôˣæȰԼ
ǴּѾǰͷˣƲ
ּϲ¡
ϲȵӦ죬˵Ϊ¡
Ǯạ̊́ķ紵ݶٻᴫǮѩĶʲô¶ϲȵϲȵȻȻҲ֪˲¡
յ顣
СʵԴ˳飬Ǹ̫Ǹöĵļһ
ΪԼǷһƨɵĶծծ˵ٲǮҪܵǶHĵطȥ
̫û취ϸƤ⣬ƭȥ˷ӣ׬Ǯծ
û뵽ССȴúܣ˷ϲ³˲ˡ̫žҪ£æɽع
ǹĽ
˶óͷβ߼ǲͨġ
̫С;빬ˣлȥͷǷһƨծծ
̫ྻ빬ԭ򣬾׵˸üҪôҪôȥ¥̫޲úôҲǻΪյӡ
ٱ磬˲žó£ǹ﷢ֹˣӵˣ
ܴ˵Զ׼
ʵ˵ľǶԵġ
ŵɣʱ򶼱쵱֪
Ȼ¹һöĵ̫࣬Ǿ˹ϲȻҪùʹ͡
ϲλּĹ
֮ǰ֣֣ǸһͣĿ˾Щʵ̫ࡣ
֣ϲȵһǽڸ̫ݡ
̫ЦԭǮҲڡ
ϲȵһϲϳּ̫࣬Сϲʱޣܽ޹ȥ֣֣̫ࡣ
ͲӸͣȴ˵ðլܽѦȥѦԪ⣬вŮˡ
ּ֣
СʵԷԸʹϲƽǧƥһ鱦ҩģ˵Ǹм¹
ʥּ̫໹˹ĸ̫Ŀš
̫˵ˣΪ˾ȹˡⲻ˻ˣǶΪŹܵġ̫칬磬һҪúÿˣл˵ľ֮
⻰ϲ°Ͳ
̫Ҫмûʲô
Ͼǰ̫˺ܶ˼űĶӡ
ɽԷ绻
Ȼϲͷףգ̫δ͡
Ҫǣ˵̫ǰǡѵδޣ
šΡǰεϲ֣ϲȵӭԼڵȵˡ
һرԺͰ±
˵˵ͷ֪Ѿˡ
ϲģ͵͵ү˼ǣұ븰磿
ȻЦˣ͵Сֱףں£
£ϲҡͷ룬ʵ̫ϾǱˡ㡭ȥǰ᲻᲻̫á
ʲôáѱ˵Ц˶٣۾ҵ檣İӡ̫ȵ۵檣ǹĸңûκιϵ
ϲ˿
ʱ򣬾ѵָ޵زĴǣ⣬ص
ˣе㲻ദ

62

ദϲЩɵۡ
ͻ°ѹЩԹ˵̫ǿУүǰ˽֪δޣ֮⣬ʲôԸʲô÷ľǰֶûȻҲͲ֪̫Ǹˡ
ɹ˰̫Ůʱʮ꣬һ˫ӡʮʱɹһǽһ
ѿ˵˼仰Ļ£˵Ҳ
ϲʵ£һĻҲô˵ĵطҿ϶ԹԵġ
һתսʣ̫ôദүǻҵİɣ
һ,Ц
ϲգۣһЦӯӯؿԼЩεȭһ
ǲǻ㣬֪ˣ˵⣬˵ɴŵЦ⣬Ҫ˵ʲô㲻ýе£ȥҶˡ
ϲһԣһ˱ٽ
ʱñӺЦһ칬磬ôֻһ
ϲԼԴԼ䱿žѷ絭ӣͲǰˣүȻô˵Щáܸܲ˵˵ꡢ̫ôδޱɡȵģ
¾ָϽ˱֮ǰµʱ̫˵ʲôҲûͿӦ
ʵ׾ӡ
ţϻǽ֪˵ˡ
ܽޡܽޡɢ粵ġܽޡͬ䣬ڻȻҲǸϵ΢׽һЩСá˵ⴹۣʾϲԼ裬̫ʱ˻ԼǻڳɹĸĹϵ
ԣ
ϲգգۡ
˵ֻϵĲյȻæ˱͹ȥ
ѿʮеӣЦˣ˵÷˵ͨͨʶˡʱͶСҪ˵ʲô壬Ȼá
˶˵Һʲô壬ԲһֱȢӡ϶϶£˵½ٴ㲻£ΪҴͻŮ
ô˵ϲǰ̫İԽĲȥˡ
̫ûλ̫СʱòǳɹĳŮȻСѾзˡϳɹĻԼ˽֪Ҫ˵עĿǶǼٻ
ֻҪɹʱԣ˶˵ʲôԵĶط
Ͼһǹһ
»Ͷõġ
˭ûϵɹ⡣
ûϵϷ˻󵽵ʱĻʺǰ
δת˲빬ȵ۵ɡ
ྩǽͷβʱʼһŮֵͬȢһĹ¡
Ȼûָ£Ҳˡ
Ƕ˵Ϊ£϶ǴӾȥ˱߹ءΪǵģ˻֣ûʹǲġ
ʵϡҲܽޡҪ޸˭
˵ȥ÷û¶ٺۼϲҲ֪λ̫ÿϧģʶ׷ʡ
ү÷Щ꣬˵õδ޳Сɩɩүû뷨
ԼˣɹûȻһӡ˵⿴΢΢üƺֲ׵ӣЦǻԼ磬ʱҲꡣȻĸûôңֻᾭദڶǺ󹬡ϰãྴӡ
ģûУҲͲ빬֮һʲô߲ʹˡ̫Ҹʲôϵ
ϲסȥ²λ̫ȵۼݱǲǶԾѻǼ־ڣֻѵӣҪ治ȥĻָǡܶĸ֡
֡Ī˵ĸоôôζأ
Ҳ֪ôġ˹ȻͱһͲʲôѿ¡
ϲ۾ָ˶ְߡ
Ҫѿ£Ҳš
νʲô˼
ϲգ۾
ѼˣЦЦ
ܽޡĻԼ֮ʵһ
ʱöȥ߹أΪر߽ΪлԼɹԸ°ܽޡ뿪Լһϣ˵ֱ뿪ྩ˺սպյ
ڳɹʱΪʲôһҪССİܽޡ˵ףǲ˽ĵġ
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ϷһľãֻаŮͽȵ۵Ůˣɹܵõӻ
ҲǶǰˡ
Ц
ϷҲлȵĳ֡
ϲȺѾ
ǼѾ߶ǵྩɾΪѡģֵµı²źˡ
Ϊ칬磬ϲʱųţλȥšȻǶһֱϡ
칬ӭĹŮ٣ͬϲվһ׸ˣһæкһ칬ȥ
ûйԶ·ҲûϵĲŮôǰͷ·ʱ͵͵ͷһֿۣһۡ
ϲǹŮһۣۺŵŤͷϲ򴽣ᡰһ
ϿЦЦ
һߣЩ·ڿ˹š칬Ҷһš
ڣŮ̫Ҵңһڻ׼ӡ
̫һֱڸ˵һֱǸģԸֻⶼȤӣ̫Ҳ⣬Цӯӯ˵ԼĻ
ȵŮߵߣ˼䣬ֹסȤĻ⣬׵䰲ЦȻ˵үиСˡҼǵ޹ȥҲЩˣûϢô
еֵķΣڴЦЦ̫⺢ӡ⺢ӵ¼ҪԵġ
˵ϵȻ¶˽
̫΢΢ЦţЩĵתͷ˵ʮֳ谮ˣã/ʲôʱϢ
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أҺͿˡ̫ϵĵЦûˣ£Щ֪ġ
ȥ䰲ˣȻҼǵã/ݴˡ˵Ҳˡ˵ˣȥ˽ա
Ȼʱˣ˵ʲôͷſھ̫೪֡
ȻɴתȥҲ˵ˣݺݵſڡܶ԰̫˵ʲôǨŭһСô
ǣϲһ߽칬̧۾ƼһԣŭḾˡ
ȻϵүŮ
ϲ۶ûգֻȻͷ΢ЦȻǰߡ
ֻ˵˶ϻڣû˵λǰҲڳ
Ǹ
ǰǰΣǰΣΣ޳

63

ǸҶߵ欵ģȻģҲ֪ʲôֶΣ˳
ϲûȻϻ˼ȻȻô㡣
ȻһڣǾǸ˵ıը졣
㻰أôش𣿻ǲǵ˭ӣ
ϲͷһۡ
䲻ȣϵ鶼ûһ˿һı仯ͺ˵Щ£Ҫ
ȻסˣƢãСЩνġŮϲôӦŭʱȼ͵ӾҪǰȥקԷ
ʱ򣬾ϲļѾ߶ˣֱӵǰһλ˿ʲôҪ˵
û˵ķݣİѾߵϲǰȻʱŭǰڣ־Ҫȡ
İƻû䵽ϣͱǰѾ߸ץס
Ȼʹקûק۵
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һӵ˶һѾεģٿվڱϵϲԽԽᶼҪίˡ
ɿɡϲһ˾ã/ڹ۸ˡ
ѵ
ȻԲ۾
Ѿؿλǰһֺۣݺ˦£·ʲôûһ㣬߻صϲ
ѾߵĶȻ࣬Ҳϡ٣˭óһǸЩģʲô˵ߡ
ڷʲô
̤̤ʵʵغ˿ڲ裬Ŀӵ±ЦȻתߵİ̫
ü۹˾٣ϲûһһĿбӵ̫ǰȥ
ͷһؼλ/ԣպ̫
ΪĹϵҲЩı£̫󣬵ϾԴһ˵ĸоװ׽һͱϳɡ
е㡭١̫
/ϼ̫ϲ׵˸򸣡
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һʱҲÿ˵ȻûЦһ
ü̫
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䣬Ů뵹˿
΢΢ͷͼűһԵϲԸֱˣ̧΢Цͬλ˵ͷ
ǣЦݵİ̫ǵĻ΢΢ȥ
𣿡̫ȥЦ⣬˼˴ǰӲݳ̵ֻιˣ
̫⻰˵ˡ
ǹ˵Ĵڣſ˵ⷬôҲ벻Ǹʲô˼
˵ڷϲ·˱յĹ
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̫ĻҴǰȷүƣ罫յ˻ϲЦᣬҲǲ˵ӡ
ϱ̸ʱǻס̳ϵӰӶֲЦҲǱϵĵ
Ȼ˻
˵Ȼģ
Ѽǰ˷ļأ²ǻͷҪ
ˣ룬Ҳÿºµ˼ءҾãҪУƾҪˡ
칬ڣа̫Ů졣
ϲ̫˵õĸмôʱ˿ǣֻһŸۣһЦؿˡ
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⴫ͯϲļС
˶˹ȥϲҲ⡣
ֻһСƵĴӵ˽վŵĹŮ̵ظó·иŮӺͷ׷ܣšүܡүСġ
Сɫ̸ۣ첲ȣܵȴܿ죬¾ͳ嵽ǰ
˶ΪҪײϲʱСȴͻȻ֮ңĵطͣס˽Ų
˵ӣСƵԼѣϲҾ
к
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һܵǹ̫Сֲ𱰣ݡ
ǵһ䡰˵ֱָµĴ
칬ڣһƬȻ
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˹Ĵ̫ܻǶϲн٣Ҳñ¶ϯʼˡ
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Ĺƣ׳Բţиˡ
ķǳžƣ˵źĻʱʱ̫乧ͺĸڹľΪô
ϲ˼ھƣԼͷˣλϻ˻Դ
붨ͷС˵Ż״˵ҪҪȥ͸ͷЩƣͳȥ͸͸ٻ
칬ô󣬵ǲϲ߶ˡ
ϲмؿһۣ˵ллߡ
ȸڱϣ˽ĹŮĶ͸͸һᣬŮָָ칬Ļ԰Ҫȥ
칬ڰ̫֮ǰҲסˡ
⹬һһľʱ¡ǻ԰һɽŵͤӣǲ֪жʷ
Ůͤӣָżɽ˵ʲôҪһǡ
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ңүǲЩȣȻ۶ߴµķ˿үòҲ֪үǲǵҡ
ǵˡ

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ѵüĲײһ£λˡ
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Ȼżغڵ֡
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ͣ½Ų
ȻһķŽߵģ˫΢΢⣬д˲ʺί
Դү׺ྩү˼ҹ룬үһĹң˵˼Υˣֻү롭
ȻҧŴүչˣһöΪүѡ˿˵Ĺүǲİ
û˵
Ȼֱӿүˣû˵˼öãҸļ޵ǸˡǸ
˰죬ûкĻ
ϵֱ̫Ҹطһꡣ
ЩͷˣֱӵҪ伲ҽ
ȻסȻعѪɫȫʧǿתߡ
ͤϵϲĿࡣ
һ伲ҽֱһ˫ذ
ҪôȻвҪôļ޵Ķλ䰲в˵ġ֮
ϲƳˣ˽칬ΪԼҪҪȥѡɽתǴֹճһ
һأص˳˰̫
żɽ߳Ľ̫پӸ¿ԶбӰըëǰΣϲɬػζ¡

Щ˶Ϣһһ׼

64

ǸյĹ£ǾѾ˰ңȴ˵վǡ
빬δȵ۵Ůˣȵ۵ĺӣ̫Ϊ檡
֮ǰԭת۸ļ޺󣬻
ôŮǵľ籾
ϲſΧϣĪ̾˿
ֻ磬ôôء
˵ˣұ˵仰û뵽ȻȻҲϢ·϶㡣̫Цһҡҡͷղ˵ĻҶˡ
ѵ̫͵Ǻ¡
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ѵģ
񵭵ģֻɨһۣת
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漴ɿ۵׵Ļɬѡ
̫ѴĻ
˵ƺʣֻ΢䣬װױ¶˲ϲ
̫ҧ
θ˳ƺɬˣү֪ȻΪʲôô
ǿѲԼҲ⣬Թ˵ȥ
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ͦõġ
ͤϲظͬĻ
̫ࣺʲô䰲ҪĺãȻͲ뾡취㣬˵ЩڵĻ
ϲȻ˵Щԭ򣬾̫Ц
Ǹ䰲Ǹ廨ͷôǺүλӣҲģ˳Ժֺ֣УҲʲôԺݺݺ̫ˣҲõģӹǡ
ָ̫Ůһӣ޷ˡףӡȻĵû̫ô䰲һ޳ڶӡ䰲ӹͻˣ˵ˣȻֻҪޣⱲӶкӡ
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ϲͤĿɿڴ
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ѣֻڹ㣡ǸȻǸˣ㲻ܱԻˣ
ЩƺЩ飬˱ۣʣѣ֮ǲʲô᣿
ˡԵķܣͰ̫̫ûκᡭ
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־һһͽУɼԼʱֻǻԼ޸飬빬Ϣ˶϶ֶϱϱʮ꣬Ǹͯ
ѵĽüһЩǳɹǰ鷳˳˸ĸ󡣵ֵȴΪ۵㡣
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빬꣬ٳûޣʱСȻ˼˵˼Ƿҩ
ҩûɡ֮󣬻ǿʼҪޣ̫һԹߡ
Ҫô˾ӣб¾ͲҪҹҪΪ
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ֵ˼һҪҸ̫ӵǻ̫峯ҰԼ󹬡Ҫˣ̫˭
ϧּݱδܻؾɥִ̫֮ϻŸӵϢǸʱ䲻ֻм¹򡣡
һһͷըϲֱ
ƽ޲ͳɹܻţΪ
ţ̫ڿЦѡ£ǰġѪˡ
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˲ݣ̫ڲ˵ʲôתͷֻҲ֪Ҫܲһ·
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ͤû
̧ɽڣϲ
һѣ䣬ɽϵͤ̽һԴ
ϲεЦү

65

ϲĥĥӦǣͤɽߵʱԶ幬ŮĶ
Цӯӯ˵ŻԼϯϸλõʹ͡
ϺӣӡЩͽ칬ƫǵ̫Ůû̫õΣҲûڰ̫õͬȵʹͣһʱ˺ϰԷʱ
Ĵ󷽡ϻض͸һֻӣҾ͵ʹ͵ӣ
ʵ䰲˳Ҳ󷽡
˰ɣλ䰲˴ǰʱ򣬿Ҳû󷽵ȥ˺ˣﻹдǰɡʹ͵õģ翴Ϸ˵ء
Ů˵˵ŻȻĲм¶ɡ
ϲѾ˼ɽվھǰգգۡ
ǼŮ˵
㷽ûƼλ˳ֵʱ䰲˵˺üȡ
Ҳѹɫѿ˵Ҫ޸Ը֮ԸҪ롣ȫྩǣֻֻӲ֪¡үˣߵ绨죬أЦ
ţ̫Ҳˣǻѿ𣿡
꣡
ǰ˵ĹŮʱ
㲻Ҫˣʲô˵
𣿡
̫ǰδޡ֪ˣ»ǰһЩ˵˻﷢ŭ
µˣ֮ƻصļλϡ
ϲԽԽʼվŲƴգʾ
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ү
̧ײһŮǣŮǻһء
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ϲЦãæ˰˸ϽߣŮεͷʵʵش߹Ÿչ˼ȹСӿ
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ϲĿ⣬ɫشӾϻȻʮȸԾСࡣ
һѾߣôҲܶԸүʲô뷨ǲ
ˡһЦͻȻܳðҵˡǰ˵ЩĻҾͶȥˡ
ԣüͷ
ǻ˵ţͺȻʲôֱֻȥҪƮƮûڸС
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ࡣϲ˸ƣͼڡ
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˵ΪС˵ʱ򻹵Ųӿˡ
壬𣿡
š
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Ľؿϲܴ𣿡
˵òͷĽġ
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СѧΪʲô̻ʲôֻøŻѧ¡
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СֱӾܾϲ
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ڹʵȤĺܣԳɰ˵óԺģͶˡ
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ϲһֱŹû߸ŵЩŮ̫ࡣС̫ǰ˵ſȥ
С̫ѺϲҾЦһ¡
Ц¶ǵģһ˫۾ɾֻûȾϹ͢Էɫ峺
˻ʳǡ˶͸ų/ߡ
ڣϲŵľѣ˺üۣƿһͷһᣬŻͷʣղǸС̫࣬
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⵶ӺͰ֪𣿡
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ϲĿڡ
ЩǲǸȥˣ

66

칬죬Ҳ֪ʲôĹͻȻСʵָʦɡ
ӵܣͨ꿪ɣϰ䣬ʲôѧ
ʵȥĩодСʵ۽飬˵Ϊѡһλ²ż汸ʦԿڿˡ
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Сʵ̫Լж˻ģ˶ڹĴڣŹ͵ɵ
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ˣͻȻ˿ڷ磬ר˸̵ʶ֣ĸָһλȥ̹ϰ䡣
ȥõ˼õĴ
˭˲ʶ
Ǳָɹȥһһλ󳼣СʵԼˡ
⻹ǷŹҲŵԽ̵ء
֪СʵľѵЦһ£⡣
ǹڳҪԽ̵¡
Сʵ۷ȻӦʡ
ͰСʵ۾ţҲиɡ
ѾйƭǰСʵ۲ٶԹʲô
Сʵ۲ȵ١̫ΪءԼ۽˼룬ηǰһУ̰ƴܹĶء
ĺ֣ܶǮҵ
һ̰һ
ɡ
ӾӪѸ̤ţͼ׼ʹŵ͡
ȥػЩʣ
д󰭣
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дţʱӪ߹أɱҲ˵Ѫ飬Լϯǲ
ϾӢţ˭ֻɵôࡣ
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Ůҽ٣
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׼ֻǷſʱûͽֻ
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˵䰲Ȼһܣúᶼ˷ʲôݡȻûһңԼҵֵܻغִһ˿˲Ц
ŵǡ
䰲˴ñ׺ҳߣ˵һҰƤСԺ
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ྩǵ˶֪䰲Ƿ治С
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ͬʱǵϣһת˲š
ȥϲָ˸ѾŽŲϡ
һֱףٹһ䣬ܼ/ĺšǼٹأʵڲʲôͨ·ˡ
ϲѾ߸ϣԼ/ȥ
ƫΣŵʱԷ˶Щš
йͣϲʡ
ŵӵͷλСˣү鷿衣
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ȥ˵ҪСʵ۵ľ֣

67

˶ˣϲеϣԼüҪһĲ֪ôˡ
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Сʱǰġŵ׷ں棬һܣһȰ
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ѲƽϢ˶غңʢʱСʵ۱ͼɵɱֻԽԽᶨ
ΪΪôãô൶˽ˣôСʵ۵ľ֣֪ʷµĺۼᱻڳʲôӡ
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Сʵܻ

68

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ЩǾѵ˵棬ƴ衱ı֮һ
磬µж飬ֵܼھӵѺùϵһʱһиʱжϢʹ˴ϡ
Ҫʲô
ȻǸŮˡ
˽֪/һŮ죬߶黹ܸ˭
Ǻ֮ļ죬ϲߵʶķѯǲǰѶ鶼еôѶװϣƩعڲϣƩ׺Ьϣһܻ¡
磬١̫Ҫͻ顣
ྩǵŹ㣬˽꣬Լ˲ӰڵǰҪͷһȢΪ
һƬ飬л١̫⣬漴ܾ˴ͻ顣
ƣԸȢ
˲Ȣ޵ģ
ôм֪ҪôˣȢ
ϲ֪١̫پѽͻ飬ֵܾѾ϶ΪԼŲԸȢġ
мòĹ嵽û
һС檣үٳҲܰ!
һӶֻǸ檣
¡εʱμǲôҲû㵱ʲôѽ
ϲڽ̤ϣһߴƽĺһſڴϣͼȥıӡ
ֲȥ뵽ʱСۣϲ˵֡
죺㵹ʲô˶ռˡ
ͽӡ
̬
å
쵰
ˣϲ˸Ƿˣ컹ҪϲȵϽ֣˯˯ˡ
ɻȥѾ˯ˡ
ų˯ˣȴʱ˹ǣſڴϣıӡ
գϲһ򵥵ϴ֮󣬱ȵˣֱǮϲȵȥˡ
ϲȵ·ԽԽϲϲȵʱǮܡȥǹͿԸõľС
żϲȵҲš
ϴ˵½һʺϸѵĽСţȻҲӣӸԼѣ㲻ʲôϲȥǿ
ϲȵĶԲٹ¾Ҫˡ
ϲҪӣѾȥ˵һǡƹİ½Ӷһݵϣ
ϲȵҡͷ쵽ˣݾϲ
ϲգգۡ
ϲȵ֣ǵ˺ˣ˽졣ңҪһЩʲô˺ӣҲðװϣȻǹˡ
ϲȵ˵˶٣Ҳǡô㣬Ϊ̫Ĵͻ顣ô˼ϣʲôˣ
ϲĶӣЩźүôãôûϣ

費
ⱲӶĳ˵ޡ
ϲϲȵĹϵѾ
˶˵ǽƫۣһǮѾߣһ˼Եɺϵߡ
һѾˣһ˱檣ڵļƣ˵ܵ
ྩǽ٣ʱ෹Ż⣬ɻ䰲Ȼ򸾡
ĳ֡׷䰲ڳǳ׻ˡྩⶼ˵¡
Ȼճɹ룬ϲػҡ
䰲Ȼû̫Ȥ
һӣרΪǮѩ˲ϡ
ȿȡ
⴫
ֻǾ·ˣûлͷ
ãá
ô꣬ͻȻСʱϲȵס
ϲʶһͷȥ
⣬һʮǱ˴һĸվ
ǽһЦ¶ڻããǵѽ

69

ţһûµׯں
ǰͷһûʱ㹤ǮˡǵǮģҪТ˳ŮģҲֻһ㣬Եġ
ǰͷǸҪչŮ֮⣬ҪǮá
˾Ͳ֪
Щ˶ȰѴˣﻹһŮҲáﲻͬ⣬ģƽŸӶŵõһһ˵ҪŮץɨʹˡ
һ٣ڴڣ²ŴӦŮв˵ӣһ
ҲǮģ˵Ǳ˹յϣСĺܣ򼸶پͲˡ
ţû£ͬŮ˶޸
ǰͷǸӹģģúãط߸Сšһϳ˺ЩߣԵͼˡ
ɣţ
ĲˣģҲ͸źˡ
ϲ͵˺ܶ࣬ţʱȶˣµڴ
һأѸջϵ޸ûˡ
ţ˵ЩطʵýҲﻻ˭Եģóȥ˭һ
ţЩƫƫʱֻˡ
Ҫӣֹס뷨
ͷû˼ͷвסӣźĹţڴһСѸ
죬ţĴŮϲȵӹѸǶؼҡ
սţ˸Ů
Ĵ˳µѣ˵Ҫͽϲˡ
оͽаɣţûϵ
ýϲȵýȸС
ŮţﲻˣճӣͱҪӡ
ţѸûǮ˻ؼңǶʱ䣬뷨ڴԼºˡ
û£̫Ƕ˵һǸѵġ
һ꣬һ˼ҡҲûʲôǮﶼûУиŮʹˣûޡ
˵ٳޣˡͷҪ޹ȥŹѣһ˲ϣŹŮҹߣǰᵽ
ţû£Ͳסģ΢ʰʰеӡ
һȥģţǼҵĹŮۡ
С֣Сɽ
ǼҹŮӣţҪޡ
ģãۣţͷҪ˭֡û룬ﻹû޵ӣͻȻˡ
ţͷϻñŶſһʬﴲ߿޵
˵Ѳ
˵Ǹӡ
ţӵ¸ߵ˻û£ţŮ˺
ֹ£ţ˸Сӡ
˶ӾûŮʲôˡ
ͷ߶˵ûǮҪӶʶ֣Ҫöӹӣ˵ͷŮĲ绨ĹŮׯںҲ˷ѡ
ţ룬ͬˡ
ŮȥʱЩۡ
Ƕһֵˡ
Ҫ鵱ٵģʱľиˣ
ȥˣػػЩˣеȥ׬ǮٲһĶֵأԷˡҲС
Щ˸Ϣ
˵ྩҴúͶˡ
˵ҴøרŸʵĴңõ˻ʵС檣ӹһһӹô࣬ôȥྩͶŮ
ţΪǻģš
Ͷ˵ˣһ˵Ҫȥྩǽ
ţɻŵֳȥ˰鶼˴ٵСӣԸҲĶˡ
ǸϢ˻˵ܰһȥྩʱŮ
ţĵǰѾûˡ
ֱӰѼֵǮĶˣӡĶأһͷѾ粻صţȫһɶ
˶Ǯһھ͸ྩȥˡ
һ·ˮµˣҲˣ;ϴ·˻ͻȻһ
ȵһڵྩѾһǱûˡ
ţҲá
ŵྩڴ/ĶһƼ˴Ľ
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꣬ϵĶӣضԽöãǵܵܣ۶캰㣡
۶ͱϲС£㱻ʱҲаˣͼ£֪ô۸
ͺЩ¶ˣЦ㣬۶ѽǻǵô
۶Ҳ
ϾţȢǸҲһŰѽȥǸ
ǰǽһѿŮ˷ʳ첻Ǵڿ۸ǰĽ۾Ҫˡ
ããǵﲻǣôͲдŻؼأﵣˣ
˵ţܽ־Ҫȥǡ
ϲ״￩һ£Ŀ۾һƳѾǰ
СϲСϲеļ䡣ЩڼĿӣɶǵ
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ȻСϲ˵ǸֻǺ˻ˣûʱô֪Ĺǽá
ȻϲԣǸмұϰߵ
˭ϲʡ
ţ㶣ҡã㲻ϵõˣ
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ϵ۶±©£ңң㣬㻹ҴɽҰأ
ŶΪҰӾҪ
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ϲ̬ȣ뵱ʶ
ţûӦѾˣæóһϴ÷׵ӣʼʵزᡣ
öãүүడճɲãˤ˸첲ֻǿڶգүүǡûŹȥûˣ
˵ϵԽˣ˼ֱͨϲȵȥãĳãּ˺˼ңﻹޣǰɣ͵͵Ǹ£
ϲϲȵôģ̫˽˵ĵˣһ򣬸ǹ۸ϲȵ
Ҳ룬ֱӷϲȵһñϹš
£һ򻹹˸գһҪеǰޡ
ϲļƤҪˣֱӴһӱǽǰǸҽĺӻ£
㣡ôô˵
ţڷӦˣӵ۾ĳȰơ
ղûסϵļѾһ£˵ʲôţƹȥˡ
ǽˣôдǣТǶТ
ţһڣϲʹ˹ȥТ˳ܵԣͷ͵ԲĨ죬ܵܵʱѲûˣû£ͰͷȢؼңû¾˸ӣ㵱˶ɵ𣿡
ţǺҧҧתڵϣĨߡ
ã㿴ã˵˻ʱҲŸյǴ壬һװ׵ĻƻŮôҲܹǵĵѽ۶۶ģҪҵ۶Ͷɲŵˣ
ϲޱؿݡ
˳Ƴ۶
һƳƼСţƵ۶Բ۾һ
ᣬܵÿ죬ѾȥѾֱܵ˽ǰһϲȵ
ţˣ۸

70

۶ѧһ˵ųţʮкӣúֵֺģһ͡
û׳µʱ򣬼˴ܡ
˶ҹŮƨɣŮ׷ܣ˴ͷùѸҵļѣϹѸץţҪظϹѸͷܡ
˶֪۶Ǹӡ
ϲҲµõ
˼ҽ̳ĺӣ붼Ƿϵģô⡣
Сϲûˣ˳ȥ
Ҫʲô
ϲ۶ĶʱҪѾˣ
ϲȵȻΪӣ˲٣ɵǸŮˣ۶һƣֱȥ
ΪͷĶѾΧ˲ˣ״ż
ƹľվԱߣϽǰɵ׻ϲȵһԵļϿ¶ӡ
㣡
ˣ
һš
ϲȵƹſϻܣһסӣɫҰףҡû¡
밲οοϲɸҪ˵С㴫˵һʹһһҪʲôڳȥһ
ᵹϲϡ
ϲʧɫæ˽סݵľ̺æˡ
죡ͷ˻Ǯ
Ѿ߶æӿְ˽ŵذ͡
۶ңϲǰһ̧žͷݺ˹ȥ

۶һҽУͷλãڵϴ
Ƕ˵ĸҲߡ
ϲһŰûʡǶһûպҲõˡ
۶
ϼУ˵ߡ
һأ޵ʵУ̣Ŷ޴룺۶ҵĶӣû°ɣ۲ۣ۶
ţɫࡣ
һ·ɫÿǱһ¸Եģ̨Ƶġ
ãڷʲô裿ܵܣ
Ƶҽ㣡ϲҲҽﻳźӣҪʲô⣬ҶӾ
㡢ң
Ҹң
ϲΪʲôң
ǸҴྩΪҸӹúˣôûţԼģǽǱ˭ӵģ
˵ѾߣұЩ꣬Ϻˣǿ¾˵ˣҲʬɡ
ҲǣҪģͲᵱͷΪͷĶӣŮˡ
ţҲΪҰԼǵֵ˾֪ƶǻΪ˰Լźúúõġ
ôҲûϵϲԼͰȫ˵ˡ
̫ˣһڶһҿ
۶ڵϴ۵ɫףͷǺֽֿеģȥãߵѾƿ
жá
ճʱŮڻ۹ġ
ôԵŮ˴򣬰Ҳֵ֪Ůôͱôˣ
ţͻȻҪˡ
ţҪҪϲܡ
ＱöϲȵôĶӣҲ֪᲻ʲô⡣
ǮҵѾ߸ˣϲֻҹһ·ǮϡϵʱոǮſͣ£˵Ǯһÿӡ
ôˣ
ѪˣѾ߶ˣۿͨͨģŵòС
ϲϽȥϲȵ
ȹ°лǵѪˮѪˮ
ϲϣŤͷǮŴˣˣ˳ˣˣ
ǮԭţһĽкϴͷܳһǮʱҡ
ϲһЭǮ˰ϲȵϷһߴȥ򣡻ţڲڣ
ǮѩͰѼλ˸Ǯָæȥ
ڳĲŹϣϲվ⣬ڴŴڷԼȷЩվס
ˣǰø첲סˡ
ϲվû¡
ˣЩôܡôǮ˶ô˭óаɣôܡôô
ǵȻܡϲҧгݣʲôû˵үүѾΪճɲûô
ǲǡǲΪճɲԶ
۶Ǹӣճɲô
ܿˡ
ʱҲӲܳŵǮүأǮү𣿡
ûʲô˵Ƿ˵ãϲȻżȴǼסԼ
ͷǺѲˣүôû⡢ЩλҲѽ
ʲô¶ҵţ
ϲָӽѾǽһˮݣһѪˮľ
ͷȣȥ濴ţҪǿǮү˻˵ʲôֱӰ
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ʲôҲ£Ǯѩס·ϲȵڲκ⡣
ǮѩǶϢٶظϡ
·Ϲ鷳Ҳǳصģ˴󣬼ɿظ
Ȼ˱졣
£
Ǯѩһͼ˷ľѡ
ѻھӪһѣ糾͵ģմŻңȾѪ
Ȼ˴ྩˡ
һأſڱ
ǮѩɫѾ˵ˡ
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˵ףǹǷ򸾡
үΪ˳ȻǸŮȢţͲᷢô
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Ǳ˴˶֪ΨһĴֻз񶨡
ûģϵ˲ſڡ
ϲһǣʶ˿
ˣ
Ǯѩ˲ţϲϲȵĿ޺Ǯѩİ
ǿڳһ
̲סۿסȭͷ
ˡ
ﱻֿ죬ϲȵҲ޵
ǶԱ˴˺Ĳ֪Ŀ־壬ҲǶĳ˵ΨһĲᡣ
ױᰴסͷϴ˳ȵ
ҧ
תȭҲ˽⿪
Ҫģûµġ
ϲӦԼڻľѣ벻ʲôʣʲôӦãֻбߡ
촽˲ƣԲЩģ
߬žѵ½û
ڻ֪Ҷ֪ҲŹǵģǻʲôҶߵ˺
ĳŵУϲӷٷ
侲ػͷ
СɽϢǽྩϢȥʹﻻ˻ʵֻۣҲ֪
ϲү
šĺףԼڡ
벻ҪŹڱˡ
á
ҲҪŹң
һ£ΪСϲΪϲȵʱյеӦóеΡ

71

Ǯѩʮֿء
Ҳǽϲȵļۡ
ԴϲȵкǮѩר˸ÿһǮĸʲôס
ϲȵɷĵǶƽҲʮСĽ
Ǻ˳ȥҲԶο׵Ѿߡ
һγ£ȫ⡣
Ǯѩ󲻾ãϲȵ˺ѷεĲҽаѺˡ
һ̥úá
Ȼһ£̥ͱð۵ģСС˵㣬ȴ
һ۾۴ޡ
ϲȥһۡ
ŽСٿȻɫÿѾû˵ϲȵǷ
ص/ϲѣƳƼȥ鷿ľѡ߹ȥָ̧¡
ʱڷ˾ϵѪӡϣ罦ǵ㡣
үˣ
ˣҡҡͷӪｦϵѪ
ҪʲôܽôѪ
ϲü
üıĴָ
ڴһЩ£ɱӺὦϵѪֱ̧ۣͷţζ
û
ϲӦһ϶ɴظ£ѡЩ˱԰µ¹ڸ첲ϣҪš
ʲôȥȲˣ
Ѱ˽סĿϣ˵˶ֵ֣³˲亹ȲӺúϢһҪȥʲô
ϲ˶첲ѪʣȥϴˡĿ¶⣬򴽣ҿүѵϲһѪˣϴɾˡ
˵ߣ˿ǮʱǸģ
ѿڴߣվºźѾߣϸѪ춣ʲô
бϣеëյýӲӵģë̡޽ĵ͸ڲͬɫ
ԽȷԼǺһɫġ
Ҳֻһ
ϲȵ꺢ӵĵڶ죬ϲȥסĶ
һྩֻһǽá˵ǡճɲáļĶضѾɾˡ
ºܿϢ
ţһྩһСԺԣһΪչڻڴ໽е۶ǲ֪ﻹһѾź
һûܳԷգºͶǸСԺû
۶һţϵȴûлɥ־ᶨһҪྩҪŮĸ
һţЩˡ
ҪǻǻȥɣţڵϣϲϲųԷϰ߼ʮˣĲˡ
ȥȥϸ޿ӶӷѾߣŤͷɷͺ𣬡ǰѵءӿɶˣȥҪȥһ˻ȥҾסˣŮĺģƾʲôһҪӣ
ţĨĨɶ˵ĶԣҪǡúøͷģõСС;ͳȥԿ࡭
ôôܽгԿࣿ
ţһ
Ϸ˸ۣҪǣʲôӹѲ͵ˣ޸ӣǽһʻţ˷ѣ
ǡ
ʲôǣǽҪǣĻ޵ôõ˼ң
ϺܸˣֺǺǵЦ㿴Ǹ檣Ƚ˺ӣ˵ͳɲˡ
ţͷ
һԵģҶˣڰѶ۵øƵģܾ̫Ĵͻ飡˵̫ͻ鰡Ϊ˶þˣǽ/ûǶû᲻͡
۶Ѵˡ
ţϽϵĻ
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ɴõӡ
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ţúˣǵͨ졣
ҡҾһʱ¡㿴ü޵үü޵Ҳǡǰ˸𡭡
ʲô룬Ǽ޵úãŲҲúöǡ𿴶ǹɾ˵ʲôƵġɹףǵǽ˦ǵģ
ϻ˵۶ֿʼۡ
ʵͿˣû⡣ƫĸŵòУ˯˲ãǾʹӱ˸Ѿ߹źź򣬲ϴҪ۶⡣
ͷһŤŶԺϴѵѾһ
Ѿ߿޿صͷݣûʱ
۶Ķϵɫ࣬ŤͻԼϢȥˡ
ǶԽøϽԼŽӺˣסϴլˣһҪ۶һ˼ҵС㵱ϱ
߰˸檣ʮʮ
ţڵϣ߿źͷӷЩץ˰ͷ
٣֣ڳʲô
ΧǽͻȻİкţŤͷȥǽͷſżԴʮͣİ
ţԲ۾ȳǸæꡱ˼
ֻסڵġ˵ԺͻȻ˽ȥھӣýţ˭ϵ˭
Ҳ˭İˣЩеµȥ
ţǵĻ
٣ղŹȥǸЩҵ׵ˣܱڲϣ
˵Ҫ֪˭죡
զģྩܴţʡ
ͷһֺ󣬾Ȣ˽ϡûִϣﻬúܣҲ޲УýôҲûʲô˼ûٶ֡
ʲô˼㻹øֵֵ
ϵҡͷԣǾǣģұȥ죬㿴˵ɶ
ɶӣ
ȻǺõط
ţǰϴ㹤ûߣżˣŵĵطȥ
ֵطûϰӣǮһʳ§Ů˯һ
⼸ھ˵ҪȥõطţΪֵض
⼸꽪϶ôԼԸϿҲ磽磽⡣
ྩطûţ˵Ǹ⡣
Ķ֣ĶûĶ
Ҳ֪ԼɰúܣȥɶõطͲס⼸ھӣ󷽣ȥľ¥˶پˮ
ر󣬵ҲǸϵľ¥ˡ
ţҰ죬Щζ
ߡھӴļ򣬰¥ԶһСһһЦط׼ϲ
˵Сţɱ𵽴˵طصĺܣƽʱⲻҲܰڵϣСı𱻹ٲֿ
ô˵ţӼᶨΪӦԼǰȥӡ
ű˴ͷ򿪺֪Լˡ
ƵźϡٵĸŮˣһ§ǣһڶעˡ
ټһ־͹ǽϣö֮İ͡
ģһ㣬μõŮǰţĸ첲ﱻһעɤߡ
үһѡ
ţĳ
ҲġʱСС֣һǮһעΧ棬
ԥŮ˵ɤˡ
үӮ˻и¶
ԽԽ
Ŷעֻѧű˵ӣص˶ϡ
桪

72

ۡ
һڲûס˳ȥ
ϲ˲죬Ŀࣺүղ˵٣
صһӣһӡ
ϲࣺ죬졣үʲôţһӵծ
ţƺϺ۶Ҳֱӵغĸ֡
֪𣿡
ҡͷ
ϲˣһתһʲôҲܻ᲻ҾͲŽ֪˻ţ
˵ϲţ׷ŴΣʹ죬޲ܵʱȥԱߵݵݰӣʹͷ
ֻЦЦõҡҡͷ
Цˣϲһͣߴ˴գžʣүү㵽ʲôһӣѲǰƭķȥˣ
޿˺ȥһҵ¶ķýˣŮеĵζֱ꣬΢΢һ˵ֻǴȥһΣĲģ¡û˱ͷǮ
Ǽҵ¶ķĻϰ̨֣Сʵۡ
ϣ֣ΪСʵ۴̽ϢõģȴԼ˷ǮƵһֶΡ
ϲֶ̾ΣʣţϼųЩطӦֵ˶ǮңԽϵΪˣǮҲ䲻ô͸ڶķǷôࣿ
ͽ
ϱӹʱ˵ĳĳϰĶӣĳĳŹ˾ȥ˹ά/ţԽΣһɶֱƲ
ʱͲţס
ͳЦЦ˼ϹˡңԸǮ˺źƭǮ
ϲգգۣүͦġ
üȴ˳һɣ۵󡣡
磬ϲȥǮ
ϲȵɫѾȼǰʱҪһЩˡСʱӹÿ࣬ȻںһЩӵˮҲ
ϲһ飬ι̣űŪһᡣ
ʲô֣ϲʡ
ǰʱϲȵϲȵ˵û֡Ҫ֪ǮѩǰĸϣҪܲˡ
ϲȵЦ飬˼ʮ֣ۡ˼ˣŸӶˡ
·һҡ
ϲգʲô

Ǹŵ֡ϲͷִԵùԲСӡ
ϲȵڴͷЦϲӣǾͿЩһ
ϲ򴽡
ϲȵͷүˣү㣬Ϊܾ˴ͻ飬㻹ף
ʲô
ϲ
үǲģ㿴ңֻһСӲܴĶ½үôãǱ˱Ȳ˵ġ
ϲ죬˵ġɻߣȴôҲ²
ֲɵӣô濴жԼ
ɸǻġ黹ء
ڵ⣬ãã
꣬꣬ꣿ
֮أ
Ȣ檣ŮãԶ֮һ
ʹעҪãһʼͿͷ
ϲϲ˵˼дˡ
ϲȵ̾˿ݣһʱĻ䣬һʱĺáӣ˭˵׼ңɸǰͷλˣһ֪᲻˳֡
ϲȵͷӣԣˡһգұ㰮һգҪ첻ۣǾͲˡжӣ͹
ϲȵĻ˵д
ǳͷβˣϵʵѾ󲿷ֵŮҪͷѡ
ϲǹ̡
β̲ȥ
ͬʱʹ
³֮ıСʵһš
˵ţȴĪνļ磬һͬԷĻҼС
ȻȻС
ʺɫǺܺãСʵȴ·ûпһ㣬ֻĬسԼķżսսǮС˵仰
Ȼʼһֱʱʱ˵һ˫۾һֱھѵϡ
Բˣ͸żһӣҲæùŮԼʢһ롭˭óȻˡ
Ȼȴȫûпһ㡣
ԼģԼģ꣬ˡ
СʵˣʺȴͻȻסȻô˳ȥ
ǿôʺʣȻѾ޹ˣϻ޽/
Ϊ޴
Сʵֱӵ޴˲źóΪӡ
˵ͷ˴ɡ
ʲôϵ


ʺ֪˵ʲô
ɷĸãͺûȼġʱܳ⡣
ңҲУﵽ˶塣
үү
Ȼ֪ܣ׷žһ·
ô๬Ů̫࿴ţͺȻ֪һ㣬ֻһ׷ܡ˸ȳߵҲ죬Ȼ׷۾ûС̫ײϾѵĹȹӴȥ˵ֱӰ˱ס
֡ѿڡĵС̧̫ͷ˲䶳ɪɪ
ҲȻܾھѵıϣǲ
ɿֲɵ˵һ顣
Ȼܾ첲һץסֱӴקȻ󡭡˦˳ȥ
ȻҽУһƨ˦ڵϣ۾ͨ졣
һӻ˳
/ѿ
ġȻίվƤս
㲻롣ѱҵˣ˭/Ĵš
ǸҲˣ
ĸˣ𣿡
Ȼס
ѵͷϣǸŮˡ²Ůˣ»ɱŮˡ˭ģΪ²֪
ǵһΣȻɱ
Ǹ̰ĽٵӣҲó裬ûʲôֻܸͣڴ겮ô
СؾͲãý㣬˻ʺ
ԣ˶˵û˿ϼǸıָˡʵϣʱһʤý㣬־úãס
κ䰲ֵǷ꣬Ҳƶټ޽/Ϻӵġ
ڣЩˡ
ȻķӦѿһ
תߣȻȴͻȻ
ǡүһòã
ѻͷ
ȻŴӵϼһֽҴææ𿪣¶ͷѾûӵĵġ
ǽǰסĵġȻĿİͰ˵ӡǰʱûܡûүߣҡҸүǸүһòã
ʵϡˣǽʳˣ˭ȥ
ѿŵģ̧Ƥ˿Ȼ
߻ŵģŬ۵׵η;̡
֮󣬾֡
ԡ
˺Сһ飬ģȻзŽ
үٶԵ㡭Ȼ̧̧Ѿֱۡ
û˵꣬ϵĵͻȻߣûӦסգʹſ졣
ЩģôϤ

Ȼ
ͻȻΧ£İ̫๬Ůǽʵʵ˭Ҳмʲôͷ·ֻһ㡣
ٷֿʱ򣬷ײ˵С̫๧طû˷ӦĴԴȻ
ûжĶС̫΢΢񣬷ߡ
Զˣʵʵ˵šЩġ
ү
ߵߡأүղŵĵģ
̧ͷûʲôֻ˵˵ҩ
ˣµһ
ҵֶΣˡ
æʣүҪҪҪҪ̫ҽ
Ѱ֣ĩͻȻʣ˽ȥǮ
Ӧǡ
΢΢ף˵˶٣˵ҳˡ


73

ȥǮϲֻ˵ԼˣҪ˵ʲô¡
ŵˣµͷ˻ȥ֪˵ĵط
ϲ˿ߵĻ
ǮΧɢɢѾۡ
ͷȳȥ
ųǮţϲ׷ѵ
үûϵģֻһʱ飬óѡүҲûֵôʣЩҩĵģȫιϡ
˵ţ̧ͷ͵͵ϲһۣɫչ֮ɫæͼӴס
ֻǣҩЩǿүųЩŲסˡүǰԸ÷֪ţ˱ϾүˣүʲôõģҪ֪źá
죬Ȱ˵
˵ˣʱذ˷ģѾ˴үӦ̫⡣ֻҩϾõģ˵һܡ
»лҪǷƽϲͷ⡣
ɹܹ鲻ġ
ϲҴҸϻ/
մӱԺӭЩײϡ
ˣվȣſˣͼϲæͷȹֱܡ
ǣźͷŲæ£üͬ˵ʲô
Ǽ⣬ЦЦ
ĲɵؿڴͷȻµҩȻǿֻմһ㣬û⣬ҲŵסֻƽζЩԳ
ȥϲһʱ嶯˵ƭһƭɵѾͷת뵽ѾͷҪӣ֪Լƭˣкܳһʱ䲻Լ
ү
ű˴ͻȻˡ
һŲﻹŵĹôҴҵسǰ
̫ܵǰŪøɸɾͷѾҵذ봹Ժ
һ˫۾ˮģġ
ӪЩռСȮƼιǳʳ˲˵ʱ򣬾Χڽűߣʵķ
ȻһͻȻиһ㣬̱ڵϡ
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˵Ǯ˵˵ʱͻȻӿһĿֻţǴһֻң֪ĸо
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ڵң
ͷϲ̧ͷ۵ʱ򣬽ü˴˱Ǽǰ
ϲһûУ
ʶϡ
ĿŵЦ⣺С
ϲȥѵ˫۾æתͷȥ˵ɱˣһ˫䣬ܽ۾
ҸүԼүҪǡҪڳʲô⣬ҡ
֪ߣҲ㡣
ҡ
Ҳ֪ʵҪҪûʲô𡣡
㡭
ѿĲĿƣӿܽ˵ӿƶ㲻ᱳŵԣûԽ¡
ϲͷһһʱգæŤͷҪʡ
ϻűӣסδϢĵĵطתʱ򣬴պò°ͣģŮҵ
Ǵ°ͣʱһ⣬ȫһŻյۡ
ϲʶãͻȻʹȣ˿žҪͷȥ
Ҳû룬ȥļ򣬶ֱ̫ӽ˻
ˡһ
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ϲʶҪƿյţƴˣôһʱ佫׵һ
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֪ҵ⡣ظһ顣
ϲʵڲ֪˵ʲôֻҧҲ֪
˼Цɿֽӻļһգգ֪װ֪Ϊãһѡ񡣶Բԣ
Žѯʵÿһֶᣬ˼͵ૡ
ֻǳĬȴûзϣ˿۵׸ϲ
ûʲôѡ񡣡
ҪѡʲôˣڼǰҾͿôˡ
ϲͷ΢
ѶǰһϣЦݡ
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ЩŤرҲǡܽ⽫ѡʲôˡ
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üչ
үҲҵġԣҲүǸͻȻںôҲ
ϲššԼĸ첲ʾ֭ҪһʵĴʡ
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ѺȻһ֡
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ϲص˵ͷ
˵ʮӪһССıһһŷĽܽзֻ־ͷলľԱȻҲܹˣˡϡҩ壬սû˻˼ݣ顣
֮ǰźµʱҲϵЩ˰̡
˵˵ѫ¡
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ս飬ɱĽʱʵҲǸֳ󣬴ҪΪֳݻľƴꡣ
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ҴӼ𣬾ֻһ£ȽɽλʱʧĽһһһûءҶˣֻϧûۿ
¡
һ£ǰȹ̽ɽ
ڶ¡
һ£ס֣ͷȵ˳ָϡ
Ạֺ̊́ܵû̫ĸ飬ֻǴĽһ̻¶ͷ
˵ʮָģҲΪԭ̵ָϲһ𣬽ž˵
ڶ£ǽߣԶԶ
û̸ֻӵй˱׾ϲһᵽʲôĿ͵һʲôмս
㣬ȴȻû˶㿪
ĻﲢûʲôرֵĶݣƫƫ
ƫƫڸֻ롭ֻһǰˡ
ǸǸү
ϲ죬ģܲ㣿
΢΢һ΢΢ͷѾõĴꡣ
ܡ
Ĵ֦ͷһΣŻ˵ޡ
棬һƬ֮УֻǻȻ׹ô÷ſֱߵ֧ҡ
Ȼһǣͷ·Ǵʲôֵİť
Ҳ׼ֻһǳˣʲôù˼
ϲʧȥе֮ǰֻôǰɹŴ齣ƽﶼҪ

74

ȷԼİϲѾϰ
Ϊ˹ӣԼ̰ڵ𣬶ûʱѾȻȻ۾
ɽЩͬ
һֱ˯˯˯ǽǵҰèһܣӳĴ̵ط˸
˻
ۡ
ϲۣŴ㶣ֱꤻᱳʹĸоԽشþòЩʲô
/ʱ춼ûڣȻ͡
˵һʼӳˣԽӸǵĹ˳ˮ۵ȿ˳ǺѹǸһû֡
ûֱûӣ֪ԼǼ˯ŵġԺ䣬ֻ˵׿ȵˡ
˺棬ʱ˯ģûгԹʲôǵˡ
ֻԼǵԼ淴̯˼μ
ѻߣֱۺղŷ˸ûüѣͱ§øЩ
ϲڵ
үѻԼϵֱŲȴ˴Ӻͷ§סͷ΢ȣ˵°Ϳ˹
ˣ
ЩۣŽǰķۺɫĶ䣬ŪƵĴһ
ϲһȣŵشӴ
˻
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ֱŲڵϣⶪڵϵĳ㴩ϡͷʱϲĿɿڴؿĺ󱳡
ÿҲֻ֪е˽˵ıϣһЩʵĺۼ
ҡӵģʣһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ñԹ־̫󣬻ھԼָ̫ס
ѿһֱۣ۳ڴϣȻ
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Ҫιô
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ϲ㶡
ȥǰԺýЩͷĳĥ˾
ҵ˵־̫Ĵͻ飬Ͽһҹ徭
˵㲻Ȣʲôϵ
Ҳԣ㣬ֻ鷳ҺôȢ˶ϱɣֹТ˳ġǣϱǸƢôԼݣϱϵõúܣӲܣ
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ܺãһô˼ŰߣͲΪ˽ڡ
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ˣ
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˴ǰŴˣôھ͸ĿڳɡСŴˣ
ǰ׸ǶŴˣǷֲ

ãڣҲȷֻ䵽һСŴˡĳƺˡ
źղ˰ϲѾ£ѻԸСˣԽĹ
˵ǹ£ʵȴǹһ紫һ׮š
Сʵ۲Ǹ糯ġ
ÿ糯ʮа˾ŲˣþľĵطܻǾľţûд󾸾ôˡ
糯Сʵиĸ١̫
Сʵ֮١̫ûձ޲ߣҲ᲻ʱ١磬١̫Сʵû糯ȥʵ۹
벻ǣ١̫ȥ̫ײѦ˹ĹŮǹŮŸõ࣬˵Ѧһ͸ϱõص
̫߷̵ľûϹӣȻѦʲô˼ֻû룬Сʵ۹ûƼƼСʵһϣ֡Ȼ
ŹŮ̵ˤ룬СʵȻʱת޺ܳ˻ʵ޹
Ҫ˵⹬ŮҲǸȤģȻһʱ˳ȥ±˿ڡһһ˭᲻֪˯ȺŮǻʺ棬ֻҲѾٵһɶˡ
źղһ˵һ߲Сˡ
/Ҳ֪ĳӣС嵭ģྩĿζ
Ȼͳˡһκ룬ҷŻȥ˵Ϊط־̫ãάϵ飬ۣҲû˵ʲôڶٺ룬Ȼү־ʱ䰲ϢʹྩȻûûˡ
һأҲ֪Ǵ©ķȫǰն֪һλȻ͵һ˵ӣֳָʲô
źղ˵ſ˿ͬˣʣôɫ
ϲƫͷʾѣ㡭ģ
ɫƽƽ˹غ࣬ŵšǵһݴˡ

75

͵ʵǴ
ʱȻԼµҩιһûӵĵģֻװģһЩѪӿȻͷµķ١
зϳϰ䣬֪滹ʲô
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ȻǱСʵһġ֮ĳɵºͼ̫ɫãȻȻûаֱֿӽ˶ƫ
ԣµȻԵЩͷ棬ûаˡ
Ǹʹģ֮͸ıע⣬׼Сʵ丸ӣˣϲ빬ˣֻǸССˣƾλá
ϡҡ
ȻҪڣ١̫Ļ졣
̫󷢻вĵ
գ۵ĹȻѾֺ̫ס
Ȼ⻹ûн
١̫ˣĿʺͣһᣬŵıϵŮ˿˰ɡ
Ȼˣϲ㵡
źղŶȻû£ھ£ĬĬ
ԣˡڻ޵ǰһȥѪߣүֱӾˡ
١̫һʼûŹȻȻСʵ޵ǰɱԵ̫׺һЩ١̫飬Ϊ˾ʾСʵۡ
˳㣬ҲҪ쿪
˼ңΪٵ̸ڵ׹ϵȴĺܡ̫󲻻ΪһȻĺҳ׷
ͬģҲΪһȻСʵۣ̫
ָ棬ƽȴӿȻԭһСʵԺ󿴵ӿ١̫;
ϲͷһͻΪʲôô˵
ѵķŮˣǻʵ۵ŮˡһңǻʵԼľĹŮδҵľͻų䣬˵ڹС֮ǰǰйʵ۽ҳ޵ĳţʱĻʺһѹ˴£ǶԷ޾λֱǸ˲ɷ˺ͶԾ֪˴¡
ʺӼ㣬ʮֿƢƱػѹ׮¡ϧ̫쿪
ģźղ͵ذθ
ϲͷһʶ⿴ûˣ˿
û˻Ѱ
ϲͷˣǺݺݵصźղһۡĬĬͷεЦЦ
ʱŻش𣺡ҵˡӦá֣֡

λ֣
ϲЩ졣
˻мӡҲ֪ȵ۵ˣֻǲΪʲôҪȻ
ֲ֣ΪҪȻ
źղʡ
΢΢ҡͷȴǲ
֣Ҫ
Ҫһǲûҩ˰ɡ
Ͼڵȵ֮ӡ
ˣһ£
ĵˣźղȻ뵽һ¡
ϲһһէľͷŪͨͨòУСŴҪ˵ʲô£
źղǸͷǼҸ
ᵽ׸̧ۿ
źղ֣ȥеĲҵȥˡ̫ټ

76

١̫׸Ϊʲôһʼ˭֪ܿ죬𰸳ˡ
Сʵ۱˿γ̣׸ϡÿ糯ϱٳٳҷź
ҷ١̫˵㡣
Ϣһ۷׷ס
ʵСʵ۵ͣαӦûеġ١̫Сʵ󣬱㲻ٹʳõ£˴ŵ£ǲ㡣
ǲֳֻ̫졣
һλΨһҰģǷֶȻλˣСʵԽû·ʱ١̫վ˳
Ȼ俪ʼʥУϢعȥˡ
˵үһҹɣҴææؽŮᡣ
һڱףضûֱɽ˸طˡ
ҳȻϵ˼
ЩЩˣֻѰղ෹̸ʡȻ㣬Ҳֻϰտͣ˲յĹ򣬺ܿ죬˵˶ˡ
ͺӦ֣
ʲôû¡
ȻȻʵʲôġ
Ʃ磬ҵǴԺӡ
Ȼû䰲ǰȥҡү֪ģ֪Ů/Ǹ˰ԼۣүŮһٱԹ
ǣŮҪˣңŮҪӣŮҪ˸/£Ǿ
Ȼһ
үʲôˡ
˴ԺӾ̸Ǹϳʱţڼң۶ȥң۶϶Ѿȥ
ҵȣûţѾҲˡ
ʱţˡǱķծѺġ
ԭΪȥһҹﻹʱ޳ܣһ˵ҪϽŮǮͳǣһϡ
͵ȥ˶ķһʣţڶķѾǷ߰ӡ
߰ǿɲһ˼ҳܵģ
һ㶣ٿţ鼫ˡ
ծʱ˵ԭӮǮͻһ㣬ʶķһݼŮ˽衣ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ٣ݼͰ¸˶ķϰ塣ٺ͵ʱյĵزˡ
ףԼΪʵ˾ȻԼմ˶ģ˱Ůˣ
ţʲôʵˡ
ʵ˻ԭ仹ûʱ򣬾ͱߣ
ҵȻûǮծ
ţӣӲķĴָץ˻ķ˼ǲǮͰصĺȥ๤
ţĿϣæ˵ﻹԺӣ˶ܻǮ
Ϊ⣬ķѺɽȴǷûˡ
ԴСʵٳѽĴͶ
ֻ֮ϲ첻źµĴȴˡ
󲿷ʱ䣬Ϊ𴲵ĶҪۣȱס۾ǴЦĵ˯һᡣ
գϲãƺԲһЩ
ϻᣬһ뵽ֱ˲֣ʹðһ仰ûʲôĶ
ѾǶһ£Ц
Ψȣɵ㶵ͷʣǷ岻𣿲Ҫ
ϲˡ
ֻһ飬ĿǰƵȥȥүöãԼƶŲ˶ʱ͡ˡ
ˣˡ
Ժźվ⼱ҴҺ
ϲ;ѶϲֵˣԺźĶ֪ǽ飬˭ܴ󳳴¡
ôһæ˽˵
ˣӲͷƤſء
Ѿˣ֮Ի֪ǽϢȻ˹ȥ˵ġȻ˵ྩֵѡ
ԣȻһϲϵҳ绹
գ漴
ûߵſڣϵѾ
ûĵĶûİ³Կǽྩӣûһڰ
ŮŮһûǣһûУʲôãТ˳ĶûĵĶ
ǵƭˣǷ˼ҼӣۿžҪˣĲϳǮõ˶ˣǵôôݡ
ûĺݡ
ϲش˽ϵĻ
ſˣϲһ߳ǰõĽϣΧ£/ǰȺÿЦˡ
˵ǽûģȥ
Ҫ˵ϲֱһҽ㱻Ӻӻûָÿվ˵ûģľ֪ĸƽ˵һ䡮û𡯣
ϻżˡ
֪Լ˵Ļܽ˴ŮĶ
ããҲǸ˼ƭӣǽҪǲȾҪˣҸ۶żˣֻЩ£Ҵˣԭңԭɣ
ϻ˵ȴǰֲᵱʲô¡
/סĶǻ׹УһҶճýģ˵Щǲ˾Լ
һ˵һܿģϲ÷Цϣ㲻˵ܺЦôǷ˱˵Ǯ˵ǱƭţҪûǮԷΪʲôҪƭûǮǮǿţծõʲô
Χ˶ɵӡǷծǮ쾭塣ǱƭǾȥŸ棡ǵѪ׹ϵҧǽãǷΪ˹ӣǽǾͺû˹ϵ
ϲ˵ϽϣϴӵҪȥ͵
ϲǽľôܣһСæҲϰ뿴Ƿ
Цʣλˣ˵һСæ֪ǶǮأ
ҧͰˡһǧӶѡ
һڣȺȻ
һǧӣɲʲôһСæѽ
ʲôһǧղŲ˵˰ôǹ˱ģ
ſء
˵˭أ˵˭ܣϹŲӴ
ЦͬȺҾʣλˣһǧɲСĿ˵Ǳƭ֪Էƭʲô֪Ƿôӵģֻͨжġ
˵ôʲôϲתȻǷ˱˵ǮǾʵʵǮСҪ˵ƭǾ仰١
ͻ⣺ˣλȥٸ
ܱ٣
ҲֱӺܱ٣ܣ
ܣҲСҿˣѹͲǳŽġ
Ǿǣ˵ΪӰɡ
һǧء
ϲּյĽϣͻȻʣҵأ
ڶġծǣ
۶أ
۶ڿջ֪֪ģܵȽŲã֮ǰֱ㡭
ҿϲȵʱ򣬽ͦõġϲƲ졣
ǺǡûУ㿴ˡ
һǧҲġҸ̲ǮţһȥծծҲûˡ
ϱΪϲͻȻ˸Ϊ˸ǮͷĻǲϸǮ
ûĵļˣ㣬ǽϺˣһǧӶϸ
ҵҵǽ㡣ǷǵǽڻǵѪ㵱ʲô
ȻǵɵӣӦŽ鱦ǺóԺúȵɵӣ
Ⱥ⴫
ϲվ̨ϣǿܿȺܽ
ȺóһܽѾ߻ߵ˸ǰ
֣ķͨϵãסвʶˡ
ϲܽصϲһۣԸˣαôֱӽ˴ȥˣѲܸʲô鷳
ϲЦЦ˵
ܽһĻǰҪȥϽϡ
ϼУǲôңҪҪȥٸ
ѽԸ档
ܽưسЦߵѾ߰ŵһӹصݵϲǰ
ʲôϲʡ
ܽأǶģ赱ʱ顣λүʱҲ⡣ˣеӣҲҵˡ
⡢Щ˵ʲôɫˡ
ȻһڣΪľҵġԣҲûôıֳʲôǽнѿ
ŶûʲôϲȻӹӣŽϲһЦЩ֤ǽûйϵ֤ݰˡ

77

Ļȥ١
ԼǲҪ٣ѡƭ¸߹ٸֻҵ˵ҪѽˣǰìܣҲ͹ˡ
ܽЩ֤һ˵ϲû򿪺ӣѾˣ˵ȥٸ
󣬽һƬЦĶӡ
ȱɡϲƳܵĽϣתܽ
ˡҼү֪ҹ
ϲȻ
ܽüָĺӵЩȻȥҵģҪǰ·үˣҲûô˳ҵ㶼ˣһڶǻˣ˭֪ʲôʱǽá
ϲԼµõҲ֣;ѵĹϵжãܽԼܻжԷ
Щȥ˵мҵ³˼ֵģӦϲģҪ˳·Թȥ
Ͼһ鳤ģСϲļܽϲĿζ
ܽһӦˡ
ѻرԺʱ򣬽ȥͿһߵϲһؿһӵĶ
˽Ųϲعͷү
ѽݣϲ£˵ϵĶʣʲô
ǽܽĶϲߴ˴գ°˼Ӳĸ첲ϣܽ˵Щæġ
ѵͷͷһڣšأ
лл㡣
ô˵ãôһ˵Ѵ߱㹴Цҧҧıͷôл
ϲЩӦ˶㣬ȴס۽
ͺֻϺӣͨͨģյûšӦЦ˾ѣͷʣ˵ģôл
㡭ɰ
¶ͨĶ䣬ϵЦˣ֮ǰĺɰôòãҪһǲҪҶӶˣ
ϲôһ˵øˡ
˵ʵүô뵽ȥЩ
СϲʱӲһֽǮһûûиκƾ֤ңҪҵôǰеӣһô׵¡
֤ϣܽû˵˸˼˸æģʵǾѣ
ҽ̰ͼǽֵôôǼӣһլӿġ
լأ
ϲգգۣ˸СЦ
գʣô
ϲ룬˵ʵҽ˽һѡҿԸ̲̲۶ţȥ๤ĵطһ׬Ǯծһǧӣ㹻ǻϼʮʮꡣ
Ըô
ϲҡͷȻԸ⡣Ҿ۶һծ뷨ûУֻҪӡţǵҾǸһǧӣֻҲûŻծ
˵꣬ķ£ӾѻȥȥһȲ裬úһڡ
ʵţǷ˶ķǮôôȻأү˵˵£㶼ôģ
Ҳġ
СϲļţǰҲǻȥѵˡʱǮڽţǸǮֻԼӣţֻ͵͵һ㣬Ȼ͵͵ȥ档
Ϊ⣬治Ҳ
࣬߰ٶ
ѵЦڣЩӮ㣬϶ķǸݼŮ˰æֻǷ߰ٶͷҪ˵ûݼķĹȻܡǷô࣬ſʼţ鷳ǽݼŮ˵Ȼˣ֪ţǮٲҪ
ϲѾ֪ǸŵĶķ/Ҳ/˭Ĳҵ߰ʼǸǿҪҶϵġ
Ǯô죿ţó

ѵĻϲг
˼/Ǯ
߰ٶ
ͨ˼ҳöꣿ
/ȻǮϵ˼ѴǶķˡķһ⣬ǷĶծͶûˡֻ
˸ӣسü
ϲһãȻ
ȿ̾˿εָ˵Լգź֪طӦǺһչȥҪס
֪̫
˵õĽص㣬ͻȻת˸
û׵ǲƫеĴϡ
˳ЦݣعѾˣֻܱȻҧϴꡣ
֮ϲػɣԶԶģһȷ磬һش˴귢۵촽
ѿķӦЦЦţǷ˴ĶĹծǲûˣҪͳһܣѵ롣
µѵ룬ʱ䳤Ҳûкôġ
˼˵ĶĹҪٸ£мֿЦ
ĹˣЩ˼౻۵Ӷȥˣ²Ĺñ͵Ǯ˻ĻᷴԹٸ
Ρ
Ѱ˶ţʲô紵ݶԻ
ϲţ֪߰ӲѾˡ
ģûϵ
ֶȻôװѵġ
֮ǰǸҲǳԶǮԲһһظһϺȣź˵
ǸķʵྩѾںܶˡ
ΪصúʵѰ֪ĲࡣĹҲŸķĳŵ˵µľķˣǲûǮͷҲûˡ
Ȼķ£ܹ˻ϲǵġ˵Ƕķϰ壬Ȼһʱỹûڳָڼжա
ܽҨһѣ˵ͷֵ÷зĵ¶ķһ£ֵҲ˲ϳˣߵ˵á
ЩأżϺСѾ淭ѦԪһԭƯƯĻɢˣؿ
̫ܽˡ档
ѦԪץŻܵǰãһ档
ѦԪﲻʱ򣬹Թɵģһһ㣬һһ硣
ܽһʼΪСˣϽеĺָˡûһͷ֣ⲻǸĹ
ܽǸӲģǰôϲôѦԪϧӲãչ
㷭ѦԪ̧̧֡
ܽӦͣܵϡ
ˣѦԪﻹʮֿģյһ飬ܽüѡ
ԺͷѾܹ͵ͺүˡ
һģء
ܽѻѦԪߣԺ˵ܣ˭㶼Ϣ
ѦԪͷŵظѾԺСܳȥ
ܽվ¿Źϣתͷ״µضµ
װ֣֪ĸɶӴ񣬽Ӳӣ޵ëתʮֺÿ
ͦϲġ
ԺſڴܽŤͷȥЦӯӯ˸򸣣ģÿǽӲӵģ檵Ȼϲ
㰡ϲЩġ
֣˵ܽıͷջƵ۵
˵/ȥˣоСӵ彩˽֣Цʮã/Ǹ˶˵ʲô
֣Ҳնܳġ
Ͼ١̫ǰź˽ҲСʵۣԸʱڹͻȻ˵£òһˡ
ûʲôֻ֮ǰ˵㶫͹ȥˡܽ΢ЦŬ
֣ЦУãȻϧûܸ½ãûϵлġ
ܽЦЦ΢΢ͷס۵׵Ķġ
֣һѣζƳԺӵСţȥԪҽһźҡ
ԪﲡˣܽͻȻ
֣һۡ
ҧҧϣүź㻹ô檽㴦á
ԼĿ⣬ܽ˸ۣȴЩߵͷ
࣬ﻹǰձ˵ĺۼ

78

Ȼˡķˡ
ǰ·ֻʣţȥٸ๤ȻϺ۶ĸ취ҷݹǮԼ
ţԸȥ
ɽϺ۶ܳԿˡǰӻǮˮˣһֵϵ̫ĸܾ
ţٸߵ죬ĸĻ⽲
ྩ˭֪һҵŻòЦ˵ôö˶˵ĿϹ˰ɣ
ţҲԼʱֱǱʲôס۾
ҪǡҪͯûͺˡ
ǵһ˫Ů޽˼ңһúТ˳Ƿޡ
ԣĸûиţһȥȥ˳˵ȥˣ
ϲſڴϣѩ׵С¶ڱ⣬ڴϴЬһƣ㬵ر
šԷѾ˲ˡڵǸСﱾͦǮǵⱲĲҵز㱻岮ߡʮʱ򣬾취ŮһŵɷȰѼҵϧɷˣҲûӣһ˹˺Щִ꣬һŵġ
ϲһ˵һ߻Լţڱ˸űӣ
۶ʲôˣ
ǿȥ

ϲ
ϣ۶еģġڣȷǸӡ
Ѻ˾仰Ȼ֤뷨
ϧùûáվǴ𳰷Цĸȥû죬ͱ˸ϳˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ۶С
ϲͷһξôĲ
ϱӸ⣬ŵóûĸп
۶ʲôУ
ϲӱһ첲ԥָָ˵£գۡ
ѿĪЦ¡
һ̣ͻȻƽͬһ𰴵ڴϣϥȱߣһֻֿסϸ׵󣬸Ĵ
֮ĥϲԾԼԵҧڣ
˵вУ
УȻУ
ĳЩط˹Ǹעϡ
ϲĸ˵ʲôСеúܣأ
֪ӺܵסټϽһ绹бҪѲûж̫áɿֺվĸӱϳѾˡҵ˸˼죬ǲٻԺҲˡ
ӣǴ㶪ţˡ
ϲ̾˿аɡҲãߵԶԶģɸɾģٻ۸ϲȵС
¹ȥٸţһ̲ȥȥģǽûˡ
㲻ڹܣһᰲźáһ۾Ϳ˼ֱ˵ظ˻ش˵ȻͶһƵա
ʲôģ
Ѷ˶٣Цˣ

˵͸ϧֱġԾѵӣֻҪֳԣֻίٵȵȡ
ϲ㶵ؿžѣû˵
һֱֱڣ߳ȥĽŲź֪ػع
ӻϣ͵߸סԼͷڴϴ˼Դͨ졣
ʵûܸʲô
֮ǰʱʵԼ·
˽Լˣ͵̸һû̸˯ˣַֹſڵӣԿ
֮ǰȻżȻѶźղ˵Ļ
ûϵԼ
ϲҧҧ˫Ĵӱȣȣ
Ӧ
ȥʲôʵĶ³үˣ
糯鷿С
Сʵ۶ݺݵ˦ӡ
ƺòԼЩץϵ̨ҡ
̨ھѵĽűߣīˮ˱ϼλϴ˵ĳϡ
ϴǣ
ĸҹֻϷƢҶֻһضϳ
һǸ˵ʲôʲôˣУˮ糯һСʵ۵ƨɲ鷿£ֱ˵ظСʵۣ˵Լ׼ϲΪ
׸üһۣת·ֻǾʱ˵Щ̫עⷽʽˣʲôӦûС
Сʵȴŵղ˵˭̫ΪѡôŹŮңһϣͳͳˣһϡŮһʱҲͰˣ޵ĺŮˡǻղ˵ʲô
ûѯʵ˵
ȴظһ飺ҪΪ
ûнظСʵҪҶҡ
ϵļ̫༱æϹصĶڻ»ͷ̫֪ûŻҶ
ӶǾֻˡСʵ۴ŭһ˳ЦҾ𣿡
СʵۼҵķӦȣԵƵֻϲĳʱ̧ۣ㲻ʲôӦ
λϴʱֻǰ䵱С
Ϣŭ
Ϣŭ
ϣǸʱǻҪһλݡֻǸ㲻ʲô
ǻҵ棡
Ǿϳ̫Ҹһ˵ùȥ˼ңŮ¡ΪҲ̫ϲ̨桭
ϴ˵һ䣬Сʵ۾͸һ
١̫СʵƢԽԵñʺ˵˻ҵ棬ڹУȥ˱ޡʺһߣΨһ֪Ȱ˵˱ûˡ
ЩʲôѦˣڳȻº󣬱乬Ҳ֪ˡ
ͷ·Ǹûˣ˹غС̫Ĳ衣
׸ģүҪˣ
׸ѵ̬Щͬ
ǡȢ
˵ǡȢ֣׸һᣬ󻺻˵ͷҲáȵ֪ˣӦûܸˡ
Ѵۣ֪
ȵ۲ô鹵ˣ׸ǵȵʱĻ£ǻ˵ʲôҪܽԼȢ
ǳôһλ
Щʤڻɡ
ͷľڳ
СʵһҶɵ´żС̫࣬űʼܡֽԶԶġ
ǣǲʲô£¹ػ棬ôһ˲
ô߹Ź㣬һ䣬ȴƫƫҪһ˵ڼǺǰָ㣿
ѷܵػ˾䲢ǡ
ϲҲɡ
ֻѣǲȻҪѡģõġǳЩģõģҲЩΨһ볼۵ġ޿ɺǡ
СʵĻʲôҵӡ
ģʼֻԼ
ȴͻȻмȴ˸ڹ䰲Ⱥ¡Ȼƿ/ƫӲԡ󻹽ء
ǾԼ档
Сʵۻ˵䣬ۼɫЬϴǺ¡
׸ˣ⡭Ǻã
׸
֪һڳϻＫ׸װ
ʱ鷿̫೪̫ﵽ
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ĸ󣬡Сʵ۴ۣŴǣĸ޵Ĵ
ϴ죬һ˾ѣĸ󣬻˵ҪϵΪ

١̫Щؿѡ
ǵ/ֻһλҰɣ
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Сʵ۴׼
ʱĬ˻١̫ǳ󣬷ſڵͬʹ࣬䲻ߣƷԸ߽࣬ΪΪΪ
١̫ƺڻϲ
֮ص˵ͷΪǲС
˶٣գϽһˡ

79

ĳһˮȡ
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˵ĺܡ
ѰסҪС˼֡
̫Ҫ㡣
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ˣѻǿóʮֽš
ʱظоߵ˷ȥ˲֪ٴμ
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Ѿǵһνˣνϲʵǽŵ
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ּҳļӸУʵǡ̫΢ˡ
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ͷһŮŴ磬ǹźġ
Сܵôæһܻһ߻ͷѹûע⵽ǰͷŮǻûüȰ裬ѾһͷײϲĻ
ϲͷ˿Сϸͷһ˫Բ۾ˮģǹ⵹ӳ̶ˮ
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ССĺӣԼԳһè̫ͷûҪæ˼ǺҲǸҪǿģֻ죬ԼҨ

80

ʱѾ磬仹ǵƻͨҹɫѾŨīȻ׹ǲѭʲôĹأҲڹж̫
ο١̫һߣѾˡ
չ壺߰ɡ
ͬϲ˵˳㰴˰ԼĶǣȥЪϢˡ
Ӧͼߵ̫ǰ˵ʲô̫˿ͷ
̫󹬵ʱͷͻȻ·ĹŮƣϲͼŰ̫
ƺⱻĹŮ̫ǿԼ̸
ʱҪ˵ģӦʲôرҪ顣
ϲ΢΢ͷƳѵ࣬յˣƽ޲ܲȴƫƫҪҡײйŵĳɰ
󣬵ɰĶҪǶˣҲǸ鷳
ͬ˵ˣ˵Ӧ̫Ĵһȥҡ
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ѵЦıȥң㡣
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йԱǶ֪ĺԺһ԰Ůǻ޵ģ崿ģģʲôģĶСҲιˣǲ֮
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عѦԪ֣һŵԪҪһæ

81

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82

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ۣĿԶ֣ˡ겮Ʋڳ⼸꣬ǰ̫󣬺֣ҵıĶ㣬ˣͷԷţֱȰ̫Ľˡ

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񹬱䣬١̫١ݾͱ
١Ҳ¡ϲƶ˵١£үͲҺǼ档
Ҳǡϲȵͷֻ¹Ҫæһӡ
ϲȵ˵ģȷʵʵæһӡ
Ǿѣ󳼣ڹΪŷϵۺ͹æµš
һææպ
պ󣬲Ĺλ
׸
١̫ȴɻ̫

86

ǻ죬ϲҲӽ˹
ǲǻʱȻóֻ֣ڹһ𿴹˱İ̫
һλҲóƺΪ̫ˡ
ֻӭӰܽޡģǶӵǻٻ󣬶ǱĽ˱칬ʵ̫
Ȼλ̫Թʮ㣬ѾһصĶ
ϲվ칬⣬һŵڰܽޡһ뵽˽ʱŰɫľѡ
ˣԵٷ磬佫⺷ж˼֣Ҫǲ˵ͺǸʱӵܡ
ϲ򴽣Щˡ
Ҳ룬Ҳ롣
ž
һֻƿҡ
ŴƿѺϲ̲סҪøһһصĶͳֵǮ
ƾʲôҹ񣿡
ǻϵĸǻϵĸƾʲôҹ񣿡
С
죡̫Ҳ̫Ƿϵ۵ĸΪʲô̫󣡡
ǡľ
ʵǳ̫ĹŮԱ۸ˡ
ϲͷ۵ǡ
һ𿴹˰ܽޡģ̫Ϻ͹Ů١ЩŮٶϴǰŮٵʱСŮʱȿϡ
ܺúõںŮȻԼı¡
Щ꣬Ҳûշܽޡ˽˵Ƣ
һ὾Ϊ˻ϣԼ̫Ӿˣ֪칬ǻ䶼ȥ񡣡
̾ȥϲȴɱϲ˸
ɫ糣·ֻһʣү˵ôһλ
ϲʹӾ֪ϡ
ЩڹһֱǸĴڣȲ١̫͵͵չ˰ܽޡΪʲôʵԣⲢʲôֵ顣
̫ͦôϲ΢΢ЦСǻĸڣȻҪΪ𡣡
ڸȷλʱ١̫ѾȺ˺ȥ
١̫ǲߵģȻǷϵ۵ĸʱҲǺƷ˷ϵۼĸԣ١̫󲻻ߣȻе̫
ңûģͼĸӽİܽޡ١̫Ȼʸڹ
١ּ̫ܲϵۺгӵԹңӵϵһΪ
١̫˷ϵ۵ȴҲһͬ⾰ѽϵ۱Ϊ񣬷䵽ݡ
Ǿѵķء
⼸עݣҾҲΪѷϵۣٽ߹أΣգҲ࣬ƴùһҲкӣԷõѡ
ǵ֪١̫ϲ̲סҪԼλ̺ơ
ȱס˷ϵ۵ָһػྩ·
ڷϵ۵֮ܲ뷨ǾͲ˵ˡ
ڰܽޡ
Ϊɹ˵Ĺϵ١̫;Ѷסµۡ
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ϲתߵŮѾȴæ˸񣬿не
λ̫󣬳ƺϱ˴С
١̫ȻǴ
ϲĿֱֱ١̫һֵľϡ
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ϲ˵
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˵İܽޡֻ˭Ըӽµۡ
١̫֣ˣǶ°ɡջϵǻ˾ʹͣȥɡ
˸ˣԶϲ١̫һԼ֡
ϲȥλС
ʵ١֧£ڹ󲻾ã;١̫󡰲⡱óǶ֪ˡ
İܽޡҲ֪¡
ϲ١̫һڵĹŮҽһǰ
ܽޡؿǣﻹץŸղ˵ĵӣʲô
١̫ü⡣СŮֵشӵͷѪȡ
ϲ˲ŵļŮæǰȥҽΡ
Ҫҵ˴ȥܽޡɤʡ
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ܽޡҲ׼ҹˣǱҴˣҲ׼뿪
ܽޡ㻹û蹻𣿡١̫ʡ
ҵĶӣûз蹻ܽޡЦķû㱣סҵĶӣҪҵĶ
̫ȵޣлӻŮҪƺ̫Ϊĸ󡣡
һأǾѴ˰ܽޡĻ
Ҳʮ»̥Сذģܽޡ
ԣԣҲ̫󡣻ϲĸ
УǻҵĶӱɷ
ŻΪѺ飬һԡ
ʱΪ˴ߵĹţΪע⣬óɹ˴빬Χסҵıϵ۾ͲǶ֣
ڿ᲻ûϣȴ겮Ͷ·ͼ칬ЮʱһƳԼĶӣʹɥ
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ܽޡͷڵչһľǳɹ˵顣
߻˵ϲѾ˵ĽŲ
ͷȥ֣ǣŹڸóƺΪ
ܽޡһֻǡǡý׵µһ
ĸ󡣡һȻ˵Ŀż߽
ϲǱصڵϵİܽޡٿ߹۵µۣûסͷ

ܽޡһȴµ١̫ʰ
ĸ󣬶Ĺ
ĸģĸ֪ǰ
ϲܽޡŵͷܽޡµǰģҪȥӣȴ֣һµ۱
ֱ֣۰ϵµȴ뱻ϲš
СССȴ¶Цݣϲ̲ס˾໰
䣬ͼѻͷһۡ
µ۳ֺ󣬰ܽޡעȫϡ
һһ䡰ԭ£½⣬һ˵ԼôԾͷһԹ١̫ͷϵĥµʼղϿԼһۣԽԽ񣬵Եش
µ۰ǣ壬ĸ
ϲۿڱ۰ϵСۿԽԽ죬֣ѵСԽԽֱӴĻ
㸧ǳ˲ٿͷ㵫Ϸͷ˾η̫ͼүΪ˱պҪиɽǧ򲻸ãѡͳɹһͶ˷ϵۡ
ʱƳȥֵǻϱأֱ֪С̫ఢǻϣҲʳӣӶʲô
㡭ܽޡ͵̧ͷŭĿԲ
ϲη壺㲻ǷŲѾߵٻ󣡡
ٻĸ֣صڰܽޡͷϡ
ܲסޡ

87

ྩַǷ
ǹϵ۵빬ҵӡϵۼλ꣬󹬵ȴǲ١
гӵģгӵģ޳ӵģ໷ݣʲôģС
ЩŮˣ֣˽ΪˣҲͽġȻһЩҡΪܵãӼСݾͽźġ
ֱ䣬ѳ˷ϵۣЩвٻǴӣеϵ۵涼
ǰĹ㳡Ͼ͵˸
ҲͨɫϾɵţƳͣڽ
ЩԼŮġ
١̫ľӴԺļɰͦ棬ϵ۵Щ빬֮ǰ١̫лС
̫ǱǲȥġѾˣɹҲ˽ѵ
һүǶͽЩﰵЩH£֤ȷ䣬֯׵ҳһ
ƣмСӪйְȥְй߸ȥ˷
ྩ֮أ֪ܻ¶ˡ
ɹһߵģ١
١̫еļЩ١ϵҺ󱲡١̫һһ޵˫۷죬ȴϲɫ֪ǳˡ
棬ԽԽ٣мǴ䱻°޳кֹ̫ǰ˿˺üͷ
һϵȴΪ١̫û̫ίṬһֱ̫С
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ǲߣ¡ڹŮ١١̫һγ
ǹЦҡͷ̫֪ģû飬Ҳʶ֡⼸꣬Ҫ̫ﻤţ类˳ԵùͷʣˡЩӣȥҸطӻǲġ
ؼң
ȥĻȥʲôָָܱ㡣
ѵشУ١̫Ĭһᣬڵϲ˳
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ϲ򴽣ǶƯֻǿϧˣȥ֪ǵӾǺûǻ
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Ůϲ˱ˡ
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乬տ乬̫๬ŮҲһ֪
١̫󲻵òѰҴ𰸡
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˷Цסﵷҵֱ֣ס˴ԡͰ˳
أİõžѵķ̣ϲϣؿԼš
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㿴ʵҲ顣
¡
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ᡣ
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˶ˣɻǸվȵĲС̫ࡣ
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۵һĨȻ΢ˣ
ڹǰһֱæԼ飬ҹҲѾõȲס˯ˡڶˣҲѾ첻ͳȥԾͲȥôһĺܾûˡ
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ЩΪĹŴŮӣҪʲôȻҪ˵
֪̹ףһ롱վſߵĴϣĴ꣺Ҳˡ
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㣬ڱ֡
ֻ֪ܻͷѾûʲôҪˣǾ䡰֡ϲԶԺ§˲ӾǲϷ֡
ε̧Ц⸡⼸̫æˣһֱûܹ㡣Ҿܺú㣬ʲô
ϲҧҧָ⣬룬Ѧﱻˣ
ûش𣬷¡
˳ȥˡ
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ѵЦ١̫ΪܱסŴӦӦ϶Ȩ١Ծ˵Ǹܺõ١̫Զһ󹬸ǿҪ١ԾѲǲȴжù
ȻϲǴСϲڣͷյĻ١ҲǸŮĺ󱲣㲻ʲôס
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Ȼû˵ҪѦʲôϲô²
ѦӣѦѾһ֣³׵ˣҲŷϵ۰ؼ
ЦҪ󵹣˵ֻıˤԼ
֪˵ڴˣֻֻҪץ½󣬰һ´
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һ˫۾ģġȡ˼ڣϸ׵ĸ첲ϣЦӯӯʣ
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ãЦһȻͻȻ˴ʡ

88

ʮѩ
һŲŵ׵ĻѩСһһɽ·ߡ
ѩһҹʱƺûͣЪĴ㡣ؼǲãһƬİףҵ棬±ɽ£һĻѩ
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֪˶ãǰͷ·ϳһͤӣյҲûӰȴǰһϲؼӿŲߵͤǰŲһתƹͤһС˼ֲż̨ϣһƬĳôӳ
ǳɽϣżò֪˶Ჱɰأߵһ֦Ҷչչôѩѹ֦ϣ飬ҲƮƮ
һ棬߽˻ܿζĻ㣬˸첲ôֳվڳ߿ãԼԶļɽʯҵԼҪҵˡ
һѩ׺õŮӣͷϴŶñ޵Ķñסõ°ڵϣҪ¶ĽΣһŶѩﻹ治׷֡
æӣػѩײײ߹ȥ㣡
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Ƚ˶Ұúһһǰƽĺ˼ҡ١ᶸ˵˺ҶһһڣԵʮ졣
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