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1 ˻
һϮ£ϴǦվͩ£Űϸƺ۹˸žʯһĹ󣬺һò
ǵһŮ¶ĺɫʱǹһĨаЦ˵а⣡
Ĭҵǳһգòȴǳһϣ
Ҵںһ˵ĿΣǿΪᣬֻоԵӲ
ﶼףĬϲĵ˲ٷϵĶ棬5Сľ䶼ɣ
һõıһ۶۵ֵǿף֮Ȼͳ˭˭˭г˰ɣ
λ͸λ˰ɣϾǰյֻǿ߲ٴյǿʢ֮·һհЩԽŵǺúýѵһ٣֪˭İԳǣúǵǣ
ȻЩģĬϲȻǲܵˣҵǼ̳ĺϧȴûĺøס
һ޳ɵĬѾǧˣѾдԣδһѼ֮λΪ̳С
Ĭվͩ£ӭǰҫ۵һŮȴȻֱͦ壬ӣȷǵİ˼ֺøС
ǿߵĳݣֻǸƫĬӭλ
ǺȻǻض˿ֱǾѵһԣο˲껪ѾﵽʿĽ׺ʿףеţı
ǳӣǹټϰڰطڴµĵӣݹ֮ǲԶ
ضةŮСǽŵģ֮һǶǻ֮־ʹҲǱʥϳ谮
Ƕ˾ȻܹһͬǣȻ˵ĿȻҲǳһĴУϾӽ£ǶһŰ֮ģǰѵһĴȤأ
ʱĬȴҲûǸ˼ȥЩ⿿ⷽطˣضǺ޲ðѽ˾֪ǣ
Ĭ˻Ҳ˷ʳķôض
ض⻰˵òν߰°ͣбĬܿתͷһԵĻһЦǿһĬķﶼöġ
ض˵ôʲôֱӰ˻鶪ͺˡ
ضļĶ⣬΢΢üһ˿ͷĬΪԼۻˣضǲܲߵһ
ض־ͰһűֽĬ
˻㣬ӴĬضûκιϵַôأҲúԼʲôģĬţԺǧҪٿ㣬ȻһδһΣض˵
Ĭ΢΢˹ǣشӵϼ˻飬עĻԿյ˫ȭļһ¶Ŵ˿˷顣
˵һҲǰƵᣬ΢΢ͷȻĬٲãҲƤذ㲻ŵġ
״һۻȴǻһ˿Ц˳ƵӣƺҲȻ
ĬԼϵδޣŶܿͲˣƺҲǺ˽λ뷨ɣָʲôϵء
ԲԼҲżֿϷ飬˳谮ĴСһձԼ˱أڴأ
ϾĬͲʲô֮
ǽŮһұʺƮȻȥûһ˿Ǿ鰡Ӵһһġ
ƺ߻ĻĬǲɹһĨЦݣ˳һƤҾǴ뵱һŮ䣿
΢΢ȴǻһ˿Ȼ˵ⳡ˻Լ֮Уһ죬Լԭδ޻ǰúءӴлŮޣ෸ˡ
ĵ۳һűɫĻ棬Ǻǣ˶ǲˣܾء
Ĭעһڲͬĵ·ʲôĸͲСвɻһâʳָһֻűɫĻȫ˵˼һתۼವһѾԶȥ˷ȥ
Ҳգۼɵ飬˭ҲûзĬۼ⿴ǱɫĻأҲֻΪԼۻ˰ɣ˿¶ķﰡôܳأ
ĬԶȥӰüҲ촽ᶯǺǣСɡ
һʿĽףһʿףȴ츳˲ӽôŬҲͻƲˣǵʱжأڴ
ǸղǴرɫĻ棬΢ĺһ磬Ϣؾʹӱ˻ضϣ˲һ޴Ӳ
ĻԶװ˵һ㣬ֱӳƽʱĵȥ֪ٶһʳŵ
һвνݾԺضôŬ䣬ĻͻƵٶʳ˵õʳϣֻûԽԽ󣬶ҪʳҲԽ
ֻҪһ˵Ժϰǰ;¾ô˰ɡ
ȻĬȻܶκ˶ɹЩǿߵϣֻҪһָͷʱͿ԰ѻ˲𣬸οǱɫģҲΪױ˷֡
Ҫ˶ûз֮ģŲѩİô׳ɹء룬ܹɫģǾһֱɱԽ͵Ϯĺüһˣ
ĬĽĵ·֮벻һհԼıɫɫ֮⵱ȻǺˡ
˿̵īƺһԼĵ飬ϲԾųһĨõЦݣûһ˿˻գһżµգټȻһЦΧ۵˲һ
Ĭ𣬵ǸȤ
ĬΪԼһԼ֪ñɴǾİҹȫˡǽЦݣСƵģʹеķϲĻ˰
İҹ䵭ӣҲǾһʱȤѵõͣһֱֱֶȥˡ
ĬõЦݣǸӡ֤뷨ǿϧˡ
ĬòǷ˰ɣ˵˻飬ҪͶǿͩһͷײˡȺ˿Ĭûһ˿գЦɾһǾһ˵Ц
գҷĬһϢʹ˽ͷβһʱ˵ʱЦߵ˭֪ĬǸһͷԵķӡ
ֱĬѾһȫͬѰĴڣ˻𵱳ĴšȻŲţ˭ܹϵŪķɳĸ߶أ


2 
ĬصңһﻹݵģͶپⱻ˻һ£ͷϷںɡ
ͷѩˣвɻһ˿Ц
Ĭӵͳͳ似ϡ
žĬַﻹռλãֱǿɶ񣬸ղ˻ϢǽĬݣôܻԼС㶨˻Լڱ˻ֿ˻
ضǳĲŮŮҲʮѾʿףԴϴμض֮ü϶أζǾ
Ĭַôضˣ˾ӦúٷŶԣ˳ĬλãȥԸף˶Լˣ
뵽ЩǾջЦݾͿƲסš
Ĭ˵ղԼС㵱ں˻ˣһվԱߵһ֧ſĬС㻹۹أ˵ǲǡ
ɱô˵ЦĸղųĬ״ƺĵЦʵҲҪǰ˵
˵üǣĬˣֵǷѿడ
˺ˣǻǿȥ似ɣǴϳصӣ
˵Ҳÿһۣ˴ӵ֮ȥųĬһȣֱһһ£ԵĬƵ
ȴֹסػϲѾӱչгˣ˭飬λҲλˣ
ҶŮ˻ţҲʲôˣҲ䣡ȻΪ֮
Ǹ˭ǷǮקĬͲЦҲɵΪԼúܺãҲչԼӮһӵܵӵȲҪԼλˡ
ԼˣʲôЩ߰
ǼӵҲͳͳģȻһٸӣЩ֮ôеȥ۸
֮ԼѾñˣװģسȰ裬̬ȴǶԼϵθڣ
Ĭɺݺݵرһȴǲҳʲô˭Լǡǣ
ֱ˺ŰֵܻĸоԹһҲֻϹಽ߽š
˶תСĵŲߣֻܹ˵СӣɶǸϳˣͷʼʧˣǺǣǴİűĳ̲סҪűף

Ĭɵͷ޳ܵýԼĿֽڱ˵ʹ֮ϣˡϲأ˭үүǼĴϣҲԲԭͷĺ
ӣ͵ô˵˼ҲǵĴϹ
Ĭ¶һ㶮ҶĬﲹҪףʲôҲҪȵͷùʱٵʱ򣬲űףһʲôľԿУ
΢΢ƲüԼǱκ˶ͲκͷͣͲǰ˰ɣ˵ôûʵαȻӵĺֵܣ
ʵӱӣСʵҲǺܺãȻĬǺöˡ
ˮƽȻǲܼҵϵ˿¶ǺŽᣬʵﹴĶǣҶ˾ռߵˡϵ֮ҲټҲǰЩֵߵļ۸Ȼˡ
һȥľͺĬѵˣֵͬܰ
벻˻ڱŰУŰ˸ľУûһŹֵǲŲǺֵأҲĬӵʱ٣Ȼ˭־ԸﶼʶҲҪһڶ
СӵȻȥСĵ㣬Ӳɺݺݵü֯һԣͷӽʧܣҪŻݣ˼λúܾˣʱ򣬿Ǹˣ
ˡĬ΢΢ͷ
ߵӣĬɸоůůģҳԼĸĸֻںˡ
ЩԼռλãû㹻ʵͬӵ۸ԼұҲ߻ţΪҵļǹ˼ԼҲôչԼ
ѣԹ۵ģÿڱʱǺ޹˼ɵصǰԼסܶȭţÿε˶Ǳףȴܹű˴ɵЦ
һ㣬ĬͲжӵݣƽʱҲǶвģرǱʱһͻᷢĲ֮ͬҪӶԼչˣԭ۸ĬĶԼȥˣڵĬ¶ûһǺõˡ
ҲҿӲǶ֮ˣֻǾ̾ԼƤܱȱϸ壬żЦĬǸŮһĻԱ
һô꣬ĬúõضݻšвӴһֺڻأȻ˲֪
ʵĬ˵Ͳôλã˭Ҫ˭ȥˡҪЩ꿼ǵԼĸ׵飬ֱǧҪʵʲôģ̵ˡ
ʹϵЩ˼ˣҲֻǳ˲Żιһ֮λ


3 ı֣ϣ
һ似ϣͿԸоȫŵǹµգ˶ԶĬˣ΢΢ͷؿ첽ǰȥӵܹ涨λվãһģ
쿴ԼĶһηվȺУһ˿Ȼ
Ȼ̳ԼҶеŵ㣬֮ˣǳʲôãʵΪ磬ûаʵϲ֮壬ܳеҵ
ĬжڴͻжپߺޣΪʲôĶȴǸ
Ĭһ㳤󣬱ĺӶѾܹѧԺȴûа취
ǺʱоǿƢӾͺԼʱһģһ첻۸ҲԹֻۣϣԼĶһᱬ޽еʵ
ٿĬֹסʧǺվǹԼǹӵľǿǲѾЩ걻ѹбȫĥأֻʣųأ
һȴֹסʧŭĶû㹻ʵԽܣܳһһǴԼôˣһԼεĺӣ
ĻΪҵδҲΪӺãôòˣ
˭Ҳûע⵽˿ɱļһ̽ս˫ȭ͸¶ʹϧͳͳΪ
հѴټһҪﵱ
ׯ֣صڳÿųһӵܵı飬֣΢΢˶٣һбŴϡ
ģھΪ˵ɡ
ٴƳһĬȴҲû˲Ŀ⻮ͷ·ֻһİ˰ˣһʱԱӶѡ
컹ϣֲֻĬһӣûôķӣǻ粻ڣҲʡøԼ
ܹ֪ԼڲõĽ󿴵Ĭȫȴʹ޵ηų£绪
ǸʱĬȴҲûԼ׵ʱҶΪ˿̵ĮصĴۣ
ǷڵյĹأ
κһްͰ͵¶һЦݣøӷˣһľջһ㣬Ĭֱ鴤
ĵװԷЦͷþ͹˵ģڻЦôȫ粻֪͵µ
ԺвһЩԣɰԵͷʵҲŰɣκ⸱ģĬ΢΢鴤
κɥޣƺΪ»ҹκųİɣȻвпĳɷ֣Ҳȫš
ͷ֮رʹޱĳ˵ϲŰŮˡֱǲ֪ôͷԵκͣʵаŮרĽӣȷǸˣԼѾʿ׵ˮƽȻҲô궼Լλӣ
ӦҲ۰ɣĬ΢΢˶üëĵװ뵽Ȼκͷôͻᵥϲأ
Ҫûʵģ˵Ҳֻжʮ꣬ȴѾ˺üƯСˡôһ룬СĵԽĵֺˡ
ʵС㻹ޱȵˣst
ƺоĬǹĿ⣬Ծ΢΢ƳƳĿıĬЦЦвЦҲֻͷҲǲ֪£ǰ˵ĬԼС㵱˻ˣ˵һ㶼
ðɣĬ֪Էе뷨ƻ̲סЦʲôģ̫ɰˣʮģǲʶ˵ġʱֱӰҹû˿ͺݺݵһ١ĬѾ˺ܾˣ
κ˿ȴֹסɢĵϲ֮飬ƲԻɫĻӶһһԵø⾫
һ뵽ԼڿԳĬСˣ֮һʳңƺѾ뵽ڲõĽ¶˵ģҪǸŮʹģ
ںĬҪŮĻеķɡκҪһӣ뵽Щκ̲סЦ
ͻأЦһ㶼˵ˬʲôģֱ˸оëȻĬĻ˵һֻӷĹһͷ͵ĸоȶֿ¡
ȻĬûжٺ£Ѿ⣬βĸôұȥˡ
ָоԼűɫĻѾкƣʱ̾ͻԼƿأҪϵȼգͻƣ


4 ı֣У
¶ڣҪһϢ
κϵЦݣ֣صؿЩһЦشҶ֪ҽҪĺϢɡ
Ĭȴǲסĵ²ۣʲôϢأκδͷĻԼ˵ѣһ㶼֪s-t/
κѾûˡ
ǶҵĽҵδǵģֻǲϵʵҲŻӵǿǿǵʱЩԽˣμӵǶزμӣҲɽУպװƾԼޣҿʵ
κ˻һȴûеõҵϿɣǼһ˽
Ͼֵգֲûһ㳣ʶģܹҵʺԼ޲ܹԼԼٺòģԼԺô˵ϵĹʣ
ôôǱķ֮жգҲÿһ˶ԸܹеġϾֻҪӵܣڼҲٶ˵㣬ǣ
֣Ҫ˵ܲץޣԼԼСܱ֤ܲǸ⡣
һҵı飬֪е뷨첹
ȻҲпǵҵİΣ˴μǻǲʮڰбǵİȫǻÿһμӵ˼¼ΣǰʮлҵĲһ죡
˻һȷܹӵܵȤԾԾȻм廤б϶ǣֻҪĻҲرǿϮ
õĻֱܹȽССޣ˺׽סҲǼпܵģҲżĿܡ
ҵĲв书ؼһܹˣﳤϼֻжڼҪͻ׵ӵܲŻлһ
вڶ࣬ҶǾƷǹ±Ƕǿģܹ󣬶ԼľشĻ档
һҵӵΪ˲ؾҵһ֮һͣһȳΪֿȵӢʹǼȥֶεؼǵǼ¼ϣ
û˺֮ǣôõĽں棬һԵüΪȫӵܶǧѷĻᣡرϵЩЩʵغԼǰ;һٳ
κŵһļӵܣ¶һЦݣϵľջҲˡ
֮ؿĬǵĿ˿͸ĹʣһѾ˳׼Լ͵̻һҪѪ졣
˵κѾҴϵĵλνǴ⣬ǵ˻ʳǼ˻ʵۣ˼ҶҪӸϾһǿ߶һ˵Բһ֮١
κǸƽϵˣҪСˣ˵ľˡ
ʵĬҲûʲôԭģ˵ҵȨλҲССˣϾ˭ҵļκĵλ
Ĭĸ褋ȴǵݺݵؾܾһƬģͶҶ껵ĻκԾǱĳ衣
ʵڵĴҲǼ򵥵ĿѨ硣
κȷǳǷȱôһ㣬˼òУƷãʵڰǱΪһ꣬ҲкöòŮҪ޸κġ
ƫƫκȴǿ˳ҵСС㣬ҲĬĸ褋ǳ褋ôƽŮӣòʵҲǲȻƲκˡ
κҲڳ褋˺ôļοǶӣŪûͷģҲûа취ȥ˭˼޵ÿҶҶأҶһȣκʲôˡ
ȻκǴϵģҪһխ˳ԼУôأκҲǺҶҺͳҡ
κȢ֧ĳŮˣһŮˣôܱȵϳ褋һȢŮɫ糺콿ؿԼͲ뵽ǲǳ褋ҲôҶ껵ģˣ
еԹŭκͳͳйԼȢŮϣһ΢ŮôκڣڶվͻرκˡӴҲ͸κӡ
Ĭȴǳ褋۰ֳźһķϸ۽΢΢ںڵ⡣
ÿκĬ˫Ƶķĳ褋ıףü΢˵ҫ۵ȴ͸Ŷıģͷ·⵽ַһ㡣
Ǹ߰ѩۣ֮κ˶޷󼰵ĸ߶ȣƺֻҪκ֮ľͻᱻקɵ£ǲǳҴСķ绪
ֻκҲʹԹߣǶԼİĽʾĮ֮תԼҶ¶õЦݣʱһָĵפʱҸϲã޲ǿǸκį
κ΢΢˱˫ۣ͸ޱȵĺݾԾ΢΢˹ǣǸĬ˫ƵķһκҪٵġ
ȲҪ֪褋֪Լ۰ɥ֮صʱ˫ķֳֻôĹʣ
ǱʹǺڣһĮأ


5 ı֣£
ĬѾһˣľܸҴĽ
վһӵܣһ񺮣˵ľ㤣ܵظоƺһıζ
ϴ˿̹飬ҶܵԴԼĴڸнͣ˭ֻͷɵ񣬱ʧܵĳͲǣ
˿̴ﶼǲԾΪĬ̾һôɲΪҶ˺öϵĻ㿴Ҳһ֮زǣ
νǣѲƶ
Ĭ΢΢˵ֻһˣʲô˲Ǽ廭һڱջűΪ֮ܶ
һڴģͺһԼѾɹԼޣ̲ס΢΢ƲƲǣһȺûӵģһ˷Ц
ô׵飡
޿ɲƽʱЩѾѵ˳ޱȵ衣
ǿŵޣҰѱҶһǣֻҪŬΪҲǲܵ顣
ôԸѵ泡ǩԼӶʧȥأ
ЩԼǳΪ˶֪ЩԳƴһ᲻֪ǾΪһʱ棬Ӧ˵δ֪ȥˡ
ĬΪԼҲûȥЩ飬ע⵽е˶زμӴ˴ǲǾǰԼ޸֮ġԽأ
ϰ䲻ʵۣܹﵽڼѾǺǿˣһʾǽһȫͬľ磬ǿߡһ죬˵Ҳ֮ӳ˵еһľ磬Է죬볾
Ǽ·϶ָһܹһǿߵӵǱܹҼɵ顣Ҳκܹڳܵصԭ򣬼ǳʶҪ棬һʾĽ
ܹɾⷬʵĲˣĬܾܲϰ䵹ʲôҪ飬ʧ裬ȴ޻֮
зԼ֮ǾƽˣһţȻһطһȴǹƽġ
һΪ˵ܣλӣûжǲἵʱ˵ʵϰʵվҲǿˣվⲻϲĽ֡
ǳϰУִʧ˶˼£
֮Ĭͳģ׼ķϲģȻ˵żӵܣǶǵİնԣĴڼֱһ̰ˡ
ЩɾͲĬˣֵñϲһգҲӣֺοΪ˵۹ԼΣյľأ
ƥﻳǱ˷ԼĹ֮󣬻ʲôĽǺǿӻùɣʱ򼵶ʿ˷ǣ
ȺѾȲҪԼ˰ɣλǰ˺ܶ˵۰ɡ
ͷŵЩϰΪĬҲлһ˿ȻԼЩԽĮĸף͸ıͲ̣εɱ⣬Ҳ֪İɣĬˣƶǷ̰
ھҲûа취Ĵ𡭡
ĬͻȻþǽյ⣬ƺҲһɱϢ˲
ⳡԲôļȻǳԼã
Ҳûʲôµģˮڣ
Ҳǵһչʵʱˣ


6 ֮ˣ1
ȻǺĬһ뿪ġ
˶ЩΪ˲˲ķϲģȷŲһѵܵĸ顣ָ鵹Įĵطټˡ
ӿĬ΢΢ҡҡͷļȴֲ֪ҪôڡֵգȻף
Сӣ㣬
Ӳɾᡣ
ԼҲˣôҲоˮƽǿסӦò⣬ԼֵܾͲΪˣ
οĬȺӣǴǲᰵԸԼ֪ܲܰ϶١
Ĭɱ⸱ֹģһ֣ԼĸҲˣǲǻСӼǹԼ
ˣûʲô˵ģˮˣһˣҪСүɣ
Ĭڵοˣ˭˲֪ĬǸСķȥһȦ֮ͳˣСүֲ׷ǸΡҲȥǱˣסСûʲôġ
⻰ҲǺЦ֪СҲôױģٺ٣ʱһøҿ
ĬɻһЦȻ
ӣѶԼԣѾǱֵܻҪ׵ĴˣԼЩܵҲһҪܻǲأؾЩӦûôİɡ
ЩԼûʲôôԼûдԼֵܣؾʱһĹâ
Щ굽׻ԼӣҪԼûжʱȥӵǱڻֻǾˮƽ
ԼڵرĻ棬ʱܹˣԸһͽС޻ûġԼ͸ץһֻ
˵Ӱ˵Ҳνһᣬʱ˵ȵޣֱԼأ˵⻰ʱĬ΢΢һ˿⣬˵Ⱥ˺˲ɷأ
ĬԾЦݣϤ˿һ֪뵽ʲô˵ϰ߱飡
ǸѽƺҲ뵽ʱϸ˴һı飬ӲͷʵмҲ˿һ
ʱƳһȦ˭˵Ǹߺߣ
ӲɺݺݵصͷԼ뵽⣬뵽ʲôЦСӵ֮˵ǲҵĹԼǿҪúýѵǰﹷǣ
ζ벻ԼһֱС飬ĸԼһֻǿޣھɭһɨյǸ𺳵ĳԼأ
ԼȻûһ˿һļʣĶǽأ㿴ôǿĻӵĺѣ
ʲôģҾͲҪˣؾĶٺҲҲʺˣȥҲûʲôáţʱǿˣѵƲҲɣ
ĬůůģСȫȫΪԼֵܿǣһӦĲԼܹеõʲôõֵԣ
ԼȴЩ鲢ǹӣǲֻǲ֪ҪӺ˵֮ԼͰЩ¸
ǼᶨоǱű˷ֵΣգҲҪԼľġĬǿҵĸо֮ԼûʲôһȾƳˣҪԼ뿪֮ǰһǿıϣ
ǵȻ֮С㶼õĸǣҪСǸеģҾǰȢȥŶã
Ӳظ֤ţ˵СϸƤģԼüζǣ뷨ҲˣôŮװô궼ûб֣ƽʱĬˬģ̴뷨
㻹ǲ¶˹
ĬһǺ΢΢ͷԼظú񳤳İײǹһȦһȦľһүˡ
΢΢üЦ˵ӣǸǣ㻹ӸȢؼҲɣӿɲСҲ檵Ŷ
ȻŮģȢؼңСôò绨ӢļˣôῴЩŤŤװǻƵŮأ
Ӳ΢΢ҡͷǿϧԹؿĬǡŮ˵СôͲǸŮأֵҲûˡ
ĬԹģˣҡͷУǾ͵ǷһϱðɣԺһò绨ţ
ͶҾлӲ¶һЦؿĬСӿһҪúõĻԺǸǻһף
ãӣλҲЩҪ㣬ʵ
ֻǻĬԼܸߺѣԼѾ뿪Сĵطˡ˭Ҳ벻˫ٴʱ򣬱˴˶ѾǶžһ𺳵ˣ
ý˷룬˫ðߣܱ۴ƣ
ʱӿǱݺݵظ޵أ


7 ֮ˣ2
ĬصԼķûãͱֱҶ͵͵еķ䡣
˵Щ¶ѾԼʧԼĸףֻĸ״ʼնʡ
ΪŮĬĸҶѲܻмҡڶԼʮϣĶӳ׾֮󣬿ҶȴΪӼֲ֮ĸҲ˷硣֮˺֮˳ױİ·
ҶһŮˣôԼķıģرÿÿúöͲͣԼ˵ıѣ
ⱲҶֻĬһӣȴһΪЦɣкܶܶĺӲ
Ҷһĸ׵԰ɣҪԼĺӣҪԶٵѡԼûҪӣĬһԱ츳ûϵҶҲԸĬܻܵõġ
ĬľҲеĺӣ˵׵ĵܵãʧȥΨһĵӵݣҶѲ֪ӻжġһ·ŬڵģΪĸ׵ô᲻ʹأ
סīΨһӵݣҲΪҶĸĵ׵Ǹִˡ
ǵ֪ΰŵôô᲻˽أҪȥǰ˺ܶ˵ۣҪī·Ƶ˾Ȼףôܲĺأ
˵ҶѶѾû˰飬ǾǲܵģȻ֪ҵ˶ĸӵ£ȴǼһССĵطǻҶҾͿ֪ˡ
ҶǶҳ׾ˣǺǣңͲĬļ˲ǣԴ֪īûϰ֮Ͳ˲ǣ
һֱԸʵǹӱʵԼûбԼĶӣ뵽˴ҶѲɱĬͲ
īԲ㰡ܣܱ㡭Ǹ
ޣﻹңīһúȱػģ
ذţĬвɻһ壬ЩԼ躹ޣԼĸ׶֪Щ̫ˣ
īͲǸĬˣܱԼԺҪ
Ĭһۣɽ§סǰŵŮˡ
ЩҪǷŲԼĸףԼ뿪ˡܼǿǿƣԼûĸ׵ıӣͱЩ˸Ƶ˰ɡ
Ĭһֱ֪ûԼĴڣĸһøãӣ˵գ˭뵽ŮǷ绪òأ
£ͣŮգЩóܵģ
һ뵽ЩɵЩ£˵ĸ飬ǵĺĮģҪȥһ׮׮һҶѵϲУ飡
˵ĲѪ죬Ѫʹ
ĬûһôԼĸף飬ԼΪҲһΣǽԼ֪ҪԼˣҲûʲôϵ
۵ĸװ
εȰīǾ뿪ڰۻĵطòãﲻϲǾͻһɶ
Ĭս˫ȭлһɫ壬


8 ֮ˣ3
ҶѽԼӣ˫ֲḧգĿ΢΢촽źȴ²һ
īӣЩԽþ¾Ũܵüë΢΢һ˫͸ķƺ̲ͦεı˼㣬һˣԽԽòȴǲԼǺĴûж֮
ҶѲɻ˻ۣĬò΢΢꽭ϵ¥ƺע˵࣬ķ绪ԡ
ҶѲḧĬͷԾһǳǳĻȣлһĪĹʣİīһģīѹԼЩٸḡ˾ǡˡ
һ仰᲻ţҶĬĶ˵ģˣɻһ𾪵ؿԼĸףҲɴ˼ɻֻ˵Ǽ
ԭԼĸһֱ֪ԼʵΪʲôɻУ΢΢üҶѣԭĸһֱز¶Ǹǣ
ϸҲǣȻĬôαװôô޷죬ûбκ˷֡
ܰŮĬӲ˵жҶҷϲĵݶһֱλţбȻٲҶѵĻ
ҶѲ΢΢ôĬʱĳ
ҹĻֵĺҹֻΪ⺢ӵصһޣʰ쵰ĻɲǼſԡĿãϸɫĻסճӤɢڶĸֶȥÿ
ҶѴ֪ԭ滹ôĿɫԼȥӣĻյⱲӶûа취š
Ĭʱ򲻹ǸոճӤȴǻİаȻֺǺǵذ˯ڻУǻҲ߰ˡ
Ǻεȵľˣ
ҲҺĬʱҼȫĴÿĻ漣ûжˣ֪ҲͳͳҶ֮ɫشˡ
Լĺܵ˺һѰĳ˸ãҲĬҲûбֳʲôһҶѽ
ĺӻǸ˫ţֻҪƽƽسҸһͺáЩԼЩ˷ų⺢Ǹֺγϣīܹڴпٳɳ
ܵ͵ػţǾͺҰɣۻͳͳˣһδ
ҶѲ΢΢һֱţֻҪĬ룬ûʲôǲԵģעǳ֮ԼҲǵסİ
ĬֻůůģԼĸʲôףɿڵҹɫģǾĸ˵ȻˣǾͳͳһµľͺ˰ɣ
˲Ҳˣұطˡ
ã
ī
Ҷ΢΢һЦЩҲʱ⺢ˣ֪ʵǸҪԼĺѾء֮ðīҪʮˣóˣԭԼɡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ԼԭΪⱲӿ¶ҪˣʵҲûжЩ벻
벻ԼܹһŮһأԴȹӣԡ
ôķϲ٣Ĭһ뵽ԼҪָŮͻȻЩϰˡԼǰϣܹŮһؾϰģ
һֱ֪İīģôίīˡҶѲɹʣһ뵽ЩĬܵˣ裬оĶɬ
īܺãûʲôίίģЩǵģǶͳͳֻͺˣ˿̵ĬĶǶ־塣ڸհĻ֣Ҳ˵
ȻĬлкܶ಻⣬ԼЩʾαװͳͳ׿ˣеļһӱˣ֪ľȻһ¾ˣԼԺ
ЩУҶѾƣݣҲͲˣһⶼ֮󶼻ҿɴһʱ
˭Ҳ뵽ĸٴȻѾ˷ˣڵൽʲôʵѾ޹ؽҪˡ


9 ¶绪1
պʼ
һ㳲ҶС
ʵﶼ׾мʮڲ֪ĵط֤˵İȫǴеջĿõģһһʧػĻûעСͲˡ
ֻȱ첲ٸʲôЩƽʱͰѵĻֿɾͲˡʱùĻԼ
˵ʵһлҪǿԼܺʵԼߵ˽ȻòˣǶȻԸ׸һ·ֳʮС壬ҵʵҲǲˮƽġ
һСӸעĿ
һȻĶ飬Ϊ׵ˣҲһʵǿҲƽʱ۸Ĭļ
Ͼ⼸˵ӵĬͷǳĲˬˡͳλúõؽѵһ٣Ūֱܹӳòˡ
뷨ҲǾӵĳɽ¶ˮĸڻҲĶĴ㡣
Ĭ΢΢ƳЩΪǵļһԾ΢΢ƲƲǡ
Ƚ֣ԼλúÿһǣôԵôЩ踺أȺͷʺģoأo#
һעĶĬڵСˣʵǿĽƴƴմպò׼ĸˡĬ֮⣬ûҵСģε˲ΪѵºĬǽˡ
󷽿Լһ飬˲ͳһòɫԼ˵ôñˣĺ
ĬӣԼ֮ͬܿܿԼˣʵǲֱӰεΣհһȺѰ
ĬҸ˵ϲģΪԼͿΪˣȥЩҰʲô֪ʱǣҪҲԶһ㣬˵һеķʲôĻ
󷽻²ԼĶѣˣܿܿҲעŵ㣬ʱҪҡ
Ĭʵ˭˭ԼʵҲզΰɣ
ӡ뱩һٰ
ܿܿΪСΨһŮˣͻȻú
ǺǣɶǷģʱǾԹ԰ɣùңҾϲԼһˣҲﲻʲôæǣ
Ĭ΢΢üԼԼһأʡñǷˡ
ߺߣʱ˭˭һأھ˵Ҳãʡ֮ģ鷳
ǡһΣô죬Ͼ㡭
ܿܿ΢΢üȻԼСӶĬһ˲࣬һ˸ûʲôϵѵΪǲðɡ
ʵûôĬˣҵʵУЩĬŬʵŵģǱ˸۸ֻǾеˡ
ȻǺĬһ飬ǶûбĿ𣬻ǳﻹǺ˰۰ʱĬΣգԼǾȻǲء
Ӿûʲôԥˣ϶ҪĬһģ
ôСӣҺһߵģҪֳȥͷֳȥˣ
㣡ߡˡ󷽲ĿҪҲˣǾʣԼܿܿˣƺӲˡ
ҶҪ˵ˣĸҲͦõĲǡܿܿ˫ìܣ˸ҪЭڲìܾ͸ˡ
Ҷ˵һ·ԡ
һ·ϵҲǰȻһ·ûʲôΣգĬȴģڵıȴǷ֮ǰƽΰˡ
ī㿴ʲôӲɺݺݵصɴ˫ۣԵĻӺ޲ֱӾȥǿޣȻޣôǵǰ
Ҫ֪Ȼϲ˵ﵱȻҲǷǳϣܹõһֻ޵İڿɲôǰˡ
Ҳǲɻһ˿̰ɫǿްõһֻ֮Ҫ˵лõĺóɼĺôǶġ
ߣֻ޾Ǳүˣ
ǸոսֱһֻޣҲˣҪշҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ĭһ߼ȼߵģ˵仰ҲǾԵĽԴ󣬾ͺѾֻץһ
Ĭ΢΢΢΢˳ǣϵĶ΢ڸܵӲ෽׷ĽŲ»ָһȻӡ
ĸҪȻҺүޣ
ȻԩҲͷⲻ


10 ¶绪2
ĬȻղŴԲѵ˵ֻ޹ԼеҲˡϲһתͷͿǼ˹
˹Ŀֱ䵽Ĭϣ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ӵ벻ȻôҲҪԼ޲ɣ
Աߵ˶ΪհƽʱʱҲûٸɻ£Ĭһˣ⾫ͷҲˡ
ĻԱǰţΪޣΪ˽رĻᣬҲٲһս
Ĭ⼸Ͳõʲôˡ
˵ЦˣĬǷһֻ޶Ǵ򲻹ҪԼޣԼɣ
ԼˣǴûзĬҪˣ
ߣ˵Ĭˣһֱǳ裡ãܴǣ˵Żһƨ
⻰иˣҲ¶һЦȴ˵ĬǳĶӣǵ˵īʲôƣշһ
Ĭˣһ˵Ҫװ˵İϷѾ߰ˣִ˲˰
ʶǵĬǰ棬⼸˳۸ĬȽͿܸĬһᡣ
Ǻ˵ʲôڼֻ޵˭ģƾ¾ͺã
ӴǸĬߵôַҲҪ˲ɣߵһʱҪ˵Ļ˵˳ĴͲ
ӲһʵãȻҲ˵ʲô
㣡ѣЩʵ̫ˣһֱԱ߿ŵܿܿǿȥˣʵȴҲҶ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷӺվǼˣȴǴžԵţͺҪе˶ȥһ
ǺǣֻϲȥˣĬںһֻСޣ
˵ĬǿֻһиӲ죬ֻԭȷֵģ˵ľͺĬøһ
ߣĬҵҪĵʲôˣҪʱʲôûлˣЦˣ
ݺݵضĬȻҲɵӣĬȻҶ۰ĶӣŮôĬֵط϶ָʲôö
лһ˿ݵĹâ΢΢Ѿȫ׼ĬͲҪ»صˡ
ĬϵЩ󲻶ˡ
һ룬Ҳˣһˣȥֻޣߣ
˵Ĺ򣬸ղֻѾûӰˣֻʵҲûӰӵûӰˡ
˸ղֻޣϵɫȻҲÿݺݵȭĬһ˿񶾣Ϊץֻˣôֻܱ޸ˣ
Ա⣬ĬҲȾһ˿Ц⣬ڴЦֻСѾԶѽҪץĻȥĵطɡȻҪĻһƬĵķϣҲԸ
ЦĬĬŪͺܺˣԸȥһ
ǺǣϵЦԽӲ˼֣ȻֻѾˣҾͲˣһĬԼأ
úܣΪг׳ȥĬǶѾǲ޵͵ĬϹˡĬߣⲻ鷳
ˣߣ ˵⻰Ҳʮˬ뿪ˣʱޣѾһֻޣ޵ĻҲ࣬ȻĬ˷̫ʱ䡣УĬѾһˡ
һһ뿪󷽲ɺݺݵһҲҺֻõĬһˣȻǺϣʵҪŰˡ
󷽴Ĭ
вԱУ·϶СģǾʵǿԾʹ˷ֿĬУ󷽺ܿܿ˾׸һ𣬶в㣬ʹ˷ֿ
ǻָ˾ˣĵĿһĬղ̬Ҳǿˣ滹ĬأŲҪһ
ҺǷֿ
̬ȣĬԤ֮УתͷܿܿôأһܶΣգҾᣬֻΪۡ
Ĭ԰ףܿܿв̣󷽿׵飬ܿܿȻҲףΪؿһĬԲǾʹ˱ɡ
Ÿս֣ԭĴ뿪ˣֻʣĬˡ
ӣھˡĬʲôϲͺǷʲô顣
ҲЩ̣īģܷʲôҶ㲻ܵģ


11 Լ
ĬЦ˳ӿһܣȷûʲôˣ֣ӣжҪ㣡
ĬģҲ룬ֱӳĬȥīôǲǾô
Ĭ˳ǣӣǺǣһ§סӵļ򣬸õģ΢΢üӣһǰˣô죬ҰɣҸƸ񡣡
ӲɱĬģŵˣһƿĬҲһ˿֣Ǻǣīʲô̼ɣܷʲôҶվԱߣ軹ҪҴڽӴ⻰˼ҲˣϲŮ˰ϲĬһˣ
Ǻǣ㻹ΪҰ˲ɣĬӷһۣȴüһǹһЦݣ㿴ʲô˵ŴԼڴͳʲô
ȴǿҲһ㶼ûʲôĺ̰˼ݺݵҡͷīȻĸ㻤ıԼպþͺˣʱóأղ˵ĸӦиĬʲô
Ĭݺݵس˳۽ǣ˭˵Ҫ㿴㿴ʲô˵ţĬֱӾǰѻֻСൽǰôһǾĸ׻ʲô
ЩҶܸĶ඼ѾˣﻹʲôٸģΪĸһױⲻɡҶߵʱҪԼĻţĬô¡
īǸղֻСˣôϣ
ӦϣڸղţĬֱӳСӵĶһѶӵĻʶסֻޣֻøˡ
޶ԼʶղűĬô۸һίؿһĬǶԳĶ䶶һ£Ĭ˵Ŀ⣬»ΪװãӵĻﲻˣʵ˲ˡ
ֻҲǸոտǣǺܴȴҲǱܵظܵһ
Ĭüһ˵Ƕˣӣ㲻ҪһֻֻȻʵǿôСԺչĿռ䲻ԼֻӰɣ
ѾȫڷһиŪɵˣֻ޾ȻûܣĬϣ͸Լ
ݺݵҡҡͷҪ»ĬУҲҪֻޣī㶼˵ˣֻ޵ķչռ䲻Լ˭ҿ㣡ӼǵһʱĬš
ĬҲһů֪ˣȴҡҡͷֻǲĬҪõģԼĬһ֣أȻҲףġ
һҲѣȻҲһֱҪһֻޣĬһϲصص˵ͷĬмסˡ
īĬһ񣬿΢΢ǣůůģֵֻ֮ҪһӣҪԡ
ӱ˫ۣԺлعų֮ǰϴڵԼ޵ķ˫⶯ĬſھһѪӴָ䱻˳䵽ֻϣӻֻ϶ɢһĸо
̴Ҳһʱ䣬ĬվӲԶĵطһһ޻Բκǡ
ڸźõǣȻҲ֪ĬһֱԱߣһּİȫУͺĬڵĵطʲôõˡ
īīӺݺݵرסĬļһ˫ĿлŨŨ⣬īҳɹˣҳɹˣֻҵˣ
֪еļĬҲԵΪӸеˣ˵ͷţܺðҲˣ֮͸ǿĬǣһ˫ƯĴ۾гһ˫һֻNɪСһ
˿ʲôϵЦԽţΪԼһֻޣŶԼʵҲǶ˼š
ãԺڣԲīԿˣҶ޵ˣ
ĳֻձԼòɳԼ˷һۣôǸһôĿˣôԵ鶼ǸڵŮˣҪģ࣡
ֻǿϧֻСò˵ֻӵĻܶţ֨֨֨˵ʲôƫƫֻޡ
ӵУԶĬΪҪǸˡ
ĬƳһϴĳֻã˲ܵĬĳֻСʶֻסԼͺĬͿһ
£ʲô˵˻
Ĭع˹ȴʼɣһֻСִޣܱ
Ĭ˵ĳֻһӴεҲĬģ׺ݵѽ֨֨֨˭˵ܱԼˡ
ãڸʲô
ӴһҲŶõۣһѾסõĳ䣬Լߣǵֻ÷ȥĬ


12 ΣϮ
ĳֻСӾҪάԼˣȴǱӸˣһŲĶҪˣߵĿӣֱӾͱӸˡ޵˿Ըܵ޵飬ԴԼһ˫ǽһĹϵ
ӺһܹܵеĲͿ飬ôһӵĶ䣬СӣţīõѣԺҪһ֪ȻҾͲҪˣ
Сӱĵ˵ͷʾԼˣһ˫ˮӿĬŸǿˡ
ȻĬ˵ʲôߴ¡üģҲԽˣãǿ뿪ĬȻû֣ȴǱܵزһΣУΣգ
޵ıʶҲǲԭӻȵСҲ𳤶䣬ؿܣᵽŨŨΣյζҪˣ
вһĬļҲ֪ˣīұ㣡˵ٴεĬǰ棬īã뿪ܵԽԶԽãĬѾӵһֱΪˡ
Ĭݺݵüҡҡͷˡ
СӵҲͦģȻ֪䵽Ұӵ͸ܲˣĬǰĿɲһŰɫͷһͷɫĳ֪жˡ
ĬδҲ˺ˣȻ˶ܱǸлһ˿âָָͷųһϢ
үһɷǣȻҲ͵ϮС´ȥЦ𣡡Ĭһ˲˲ضˣ˼ҪڶԷӹһ١
ͷ˵£ҲǲˬҪǷκһ飬ҲҪ飬ԼݲϵһǿߣȻҪԸһûеСޣǵκһҪǰСޣǵĶҲˡ
ٿĬʱͷͷҲɱ⣬ǺǣǾҪ㲻Ӧõˣ˱˵·ˡ
Ĭ˼ͲͳطĹΧСǳأǸս֣ĵ֡
ãǰȻѾô˵ˣī֪ǰĶ֣ҵ뿪īԲκηһʱҲӦԵİ취ĬҲǲ֪ԼƴȫҲ֪ܲܵסԷһӰȫ˵
ͷĬⷭӣеҲǶ˼ֺøУҲǲˡ
ãϷͷ뿪֮ǰκֻ˵æĬ˲û˵뿪Ȼûʲô⡣
㵽ʱĬȻлһʱӵİΣӵȻҲܻΪԼĹӲдĬɺݺݵȭǼᶨīҲߣҲҪһ𣡡
ĬЦˣЦòãͺںڰеҫ۵̻һŲ۾ӣһֵܣĬѾ㣬ղŲ˵ˣ軹ָ㴫ڽӴأԱߵʹһ񣬻ӷӦĬһֱֵӰӴΡ
ţ϶Ĭһ뿪ôҲֻˡ
Ҿͽˡ
仰ȻĬֻ˵ģöĬصͷʾԼһṼĬ˵޺˽ϵ֮󣬾Ѿϵһ𣬵Ȼܿӳ¡СӾְ壬뿪
ǵȵҲʧˣͷؿĬˣֻޣҲ£㻹ʲôԸҪɵģϷã͵Ǹһɡ
ĬȴЦ˳üһͷҲû˸ղŵĹ˼ɣ˫Сһֱ̲ԼڵǵĬĳ͡Ͽһ㶼ûбֳ΢΢ڻشͷ⣬ô죡ûʲôԸԸУǾǡ
Ĭ΢΢˶٣лһ˿⣬˫Űͷķһơ
Ǿǣȥ
һ顣
ͷҲһͣ˽⣬ĬһһС磬ɵķΪҲǴˡ
ڿĬĳԼϮŵɫ棬Ҳǲɻһ˿Īĺ⣬ȻҲǸܵһΣգҪ㿪ʱѾһˡ
ͷҲսˣֱԼڵֿĬͶŹǻ档ûеľ磬ţۺۼģֱӽס棬һ˫ֲڵĴɫ
ĬҲһѾķˡ


13 սͷ
ŵؿŰͷסŻ棬һ㶼ûܵˣ֮ǰĬҲСһЩ˵˵ĻҲֻضͻùˣȴҲڵҲǺܺðɡ
Ĭĵı棬ȴǱͷסˣƺȫκβԷӣĬлŨŨĽźͲʣѲҪˡĸô죬֪Ϣ϶ܲˡ
ݺݵս˫ȭڰͷע⣬ӦСĬֱӳźķȥӶԶжԶ
ͷҲǷӿŨŨŭȻǱһСˣһŻҲ֪ʲôôаţѾԼķ֮ȫŻĥлһ˿壬˵ʲôĬôˣ˵ȥڽϻˡ
Сܣ
ͷҲ˲ʲôֱǼӴԼھһŻ泹׵ظһ㶼¶ǰѻˡ
ͷʱȥҲЩǱҲɴŨŨĺ壬⻹ǰͷôһѸصȴһķ
ذͷ͸ӲŹĬˡ
һţֱӳĬķȥһҪȥ׷һͨˣ͸Էһټ򵥲ˡ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬰ͷĬǰ棬ղźͻĶţڰͷɫҲÿ
ĬڣϷ˵ԼԸɲҵģȻͷӿɲţղǸĬͷŵģһ޳Сʹʲôơ
лһ˿̰⵽ʲôȵ׽ĬһҪһĸ֣ҪԼеܰɻ⵱Ȼһöʱͷﻹ֮ǰһɷǵӣһ񶾵ͷ
Ĭ֪Ӳͷӵ׷شŴ˫ۣһ㶼ߣʲôģ㶼ҪˣҷɣֲǴģվﱻͷɱ
ͷһãȻȥɣ
˵Ҳ׼ĬӦʣµھһٳȭĬϮȭͷŵɲСѾǰ˰ͷʣµھƱҪȥĬ
֮ǰͷҪĬ棬ڱŭֻ֮һͷֱնɱԷ
Ĭһһ˫ʯ滮һ˿ĪĹʣϸĻȻǴһɫͺ͸ղĬͷųĨɫһģ˵еĨһ⣬Ȼþ⣡
Ҫ㿪ͷȫͺǱԭأôǶһ
ǿ߶սߵʱͷųľƣֱӱ߾ֿûС
Ĭݺݵս˫ȭлŨŨĲʣһ˫ǼᶨҪǿ
ֻһͷǿˣ
ֻбķݣֻǿ߲ܹƬ·ң
˵ʱʱ죬һգ۵ʱ䣬ͷʹȫȭͷѾǵǰĬһŰͷ¶һаȵЦݣô˲䣬ȻðͷҲǻһ˿õĸоѲСӻź֣
ҪջԼȭͷȫһܻյû
ĬȵľǰͷɲǼҲǶˣڸղţĬԼвϿǿʱ򣬾ͺǳʲôؿһʱָж
ʱ˸ʱ
һһյرܿ˰ͷһȭȭͷϴŵĬĸ첲ϲѪĬ˲ϵ˿ڣͷĿˣһ˫ˮͺǻ˵һ
һУͷĬԽ꣬ȻǱСܿˣһδεʧ°ͷֶЩˡ
Ĭ㾹Ȼܿˣ
Ҫ֪ղĬʩ壬ǾɵʿҪŲĬȻǱܿˣ
ȻҪܿˣĬֲһߣͷȻҲ֣ԸַϲĶĬһɼ˹ֺսĸо
ղǱܿͷӵһʵĬֻؿܣ³һѪɫҲǸӲÿˣֻһ˫۾ģ۾
ǺͿҵʵˣͷѾû˰ɣĬһ˫ȭܲ˵سŰͷȥ
ͷղѾһδĬʧѾǶһ˿䱸УĬԼµĲһ㶼һѾûʲôھˣΪһĬɥЦ
ϷһͷһĬۿɼٶˣ
Ȼˣ
Ĭ΢΢üкݺݵһȷͷѾԼߣ̱


14 Ϯ
ĬղŶѾǰԼڿôɫȫһԶͶͷϣܻʲôԿҲưˡǱ¶ˣͷڶԿʱҲѾ˲ھֵΣգԲԼЦ
βҲǱ¶ˣôǰͷˡ
һһûУ̱صڵϣŴǰһƬڣʲôҲ֪ˣ¾һֻСĶﶼǿ԰ĬŪ˰ɡ
֨֨֨
֨֨֨
ĬҲǲ֪ԼʲôʱֱӸ˹ȥҲԼֵΧûʲôΣգȻûбǸ׺ݵͷӸŪǱԱ߾޵ʳˡ
Ĭһ㷴ӦˣĬСһҲ˷ˣɫצӼĴĬ˿ĻһҲҪȻһֻüΪɰޣվһ˵ϣֻ֮СצĴǸ˵Ŀ
ĬѾѹֻԼе㽩ӲˣͺǱʲô˸˦˺һһ۾Ŀľһֱѩѩ׵Сеǻسʲô
һץסֻСޣʲô
ĬѹˣֻĬΪлһ˿ŨҵĹʣϲԾţĬӿֵġ֨֨֨غţҲ֪Ҫʲô˼
Ĭֱ죬ŲʲôأޣǸ߹ޣ
ĬעСһڵ˵ʲôˣüһȻԼڻܺúõĻţҲǻһ˿ֻϵСҲ˼СĬ֪ԼһСһĽƾͲ뷨ˡ
һֻ޵ǰɫβͣ΢΢üúÿ㣬ţ
ĬΪֱǴ̼Сһˮлһ˿׺ݣĬ¶һƵɫȴֱӱĬˡ
֮˽֮յСޣĬҲɶ˼ϲСޱڻúöһȷˣ˵Ȼһֻĺ갡βˣһ࣬ҲǱ˲ϲİɡôСһԺ͸Ұɡ
ԭ˵֣Сֱըëˣ
Ų࣬ҪִĺΪһ̸κβͱĬץסҪҲûа취
Ǿ仰֮С겻ɱ
Ĭ⻬ָظСİɫƤëСһ˳ëС겻Ҳһ΢΢˫ۣ¶һΪԻ
ðɣͿŮ˸˳ëķϣͷŹɡ
СԲϣڸղĬͷųɫʱѾǶˣ
뵽ǸҪĬصͷСлһ˿䣬е˾ȻҲ֣´μطһҪúýѵʲôǺ˵Ľ
Ĭɲ뵽һʱ䣬ĳֻС궼ֱǰԼĹƷ˰ɡ
΢΢ԼȻܹһС鵱ȻҲǼõģ˵ͷıֻ׵С꣬һԼϵĳС֪꣬ⶼǻ˶ӿңҲҪˡ
Ĭ΢ǷӦȻںһֻС˵ü΢ôǺ˵ˣҲشң
һαӵСݺݵصһĬһϲζǲҪأ
ıȥģҪжɰжɰˡ
С꣬ںֱŤ𣡡ĬҲˣԼһ۱ǿֻС꣬ë׵СﲻɾͶ˼ϲ˵СԴӣʲôˣҲ㰡
ǻָɫ涼ǲ֪Ҫȵ²˾Ǳѹեķˡ
СҲĬеˣԻĺлһ˿Ī⣬ʲôΣյĻ˾ίһ㣬Ϊѱһºˣ˭ɵŮ˵Ļ֮ǰѻҪĶˣɾϲˡ
һβ꣬ΪղĬڶսͷʱͷųɫ棬ʱС껹ԼСᵽ˶ڲܶκ඼޲ԪֻѾǳβ͵ĸߵȼһ嶼ǿƲסĬ
ȻҲǽ֮ǰΪʲôֻûͻȻ˳ǳĬǵķ澹ȻҲǹɵĲȻΪӦĬͷųԪ
һһ棬ҲǿźǺг
ĬֻһˣЩΣֻܶһֻԵС˵Сܴ꣬ѲһԼһֻܺͱϵޣҪһֻޣҲô鷳ˣȻΣգԼܰɡ
ôһֻҲĺ꣬һ㹥ûУֱӱǱĬͨС￴ˣһֻĶ


15 Σ
ĬŻСֻ˳Լ⳯һǰȥǻһĨȻЦݣδᷢ飬ҲǵֻҪʲôǿĵˣӦҲʲôΣհɣϾﲻǻҵİں汣ţܲڿ°ɡ
ȻĬȻˣǸղսǰͷʱ򣬿Ҳûмʲô־ģԼ飬Żӹһ٣ĬСǽˡ
ȥӵܵİѾǱϴˣȻڶĬ֣ȻҲܻȥĬˡȻкҼĲΪйأ춼ѾָĬûиʲôϣɲұʾҲĬˡ
ҴͲȱӣûĬӣͬԷСλɲΪĬǰ浲ţûбҸע⵽
˵Сӣ컹ⲻѣĬ츳һȣ⺢Ӷ˵һˣڲʱ䣬Ѿ˾ĹٶȷһǣҲ˵ϳ˵ˡ
ûμӼһ̫СͲԼԼľ飬ҲΪҪһԭ춼ѾĬʧˣȻǰԼеϣСˡ
Ҳ֪ǲˮĬһ·ǲȻôãһΣնû
С꣬㿴ãѾôˣȻһΣնûп
Ĭ΢ظС⻬ƤëֵĸоǺܲˣ
Ĭܹע⿴ԼֻС꣬һῴ۱ĵ
ǵΪĹϵòã
СֵޣһֻѾβ͵ľβȻҲԲСֵҰǶҲ˲ԣȻ޴£ԲҿĬˡ
⵱ȻҲĿ˵Ĭòǣ
ãףһֻǿޣ֣һ·İȫбϰ
ȻһƺҲȫġ
Сȫټ϶ԭҪŸǿĵУԭ˫һĿܱߵĻȫѩ׵ëĬȻûʲôһҲᵽߵ㣬Сӿһ㶼ƭˡ
Ȼһӵʱ䣬ӲԶĲݴڳһֻ״ϻɫƤëԣ˸ҫ۵Ĺʡ
һ
Ĭɵһ͵ϻҲܹϵóϵЦôҲסˣ˶ǽסˡ
ڽˡ
ӹ˰ͷ׷ɱӭһֱһܹϣҲǲ
һҲʮ֮һͳ̶ȣǺκƣϼأֻҪǱһеͲʧ֡ݣȻǸ϶Ǻһˡ
ҶѾһǴ˵еްˣ벻Ȼ￴ˣҲǴ۽簡ʱĬҲֻοԼˡ
Ŀ䵽ͬŲѵСϣ΢΢һʱ鿪ЦҲСлһ˿ȡ
ذСƤëС꣬ǽĺˣֻϻҲڽˣǵܵظҲµиԲԣ
Сݺݵس˳۽ǣ˭˵ҪŮһȥܵظˣһֻһȻսϺһҪȾβҪǿĶ࣬ͬޣҲûһȸµ
ĬһǴĻ֮Ϻһһ˫Ưĺ۾һ˲˲ضźһ
֮ǰβɽҲ֪һֻһޣַȻҲʲôھβԼΧҲǴӺһĵطϾɢ޵Ϣŭֻһ
˵ʵĬСǣˣȻˮƽһĳ֡
һݺݵضžβһ˫ɫĻĿɢŨŨƣƴһͻᳯС˹ͬΪޣΪĺһ壬ϻΪɽ֮࣬ϾͱȲСˡ
ںһ˵СûʲôвðԼӦͳͳܹº
ղźһͱһϷˣˣûܹץղǸˣð˸ϡãѾúһʹ޽겻ѡ֮һתĬֻβȻҲǰѸղûץ˵ŭͳͳйǵϣ
ɫϻĬǰԽԽԭղſȥ״ϻѾܸһּѹȸУڸǺˣֱӱ˸ղŵĬСǰͺһСɽһ
ĬҲǲɱֻڻŵˣݺݵһĭһ˲˲ضֻεĺһ
ҿ⻹ܹҪҪôǿСֻ꣬ϻǰ˼˰ɡ
ŮˣСݺݵذһĬҪֻԵҪ
һҲĬ⻰¶׷ĴݣĬ¶һԻı飬ĬȻҲǶˣֻϻ˵۹⣡


16 Կһ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣֻ޴Ĵڻ¶һõЦݣȻľǲһԵģǲͷŹǰɡ
ʱܹ뵽ǰֻһּۻ۵˹ҲĬһˡ
һһĬһ˫Ŀлһ˿ᣬʵͦϲģ˵һĪϲζƽʱĻһ˵ŹǣҲǲԡ
ȻҲĬС굹ù˭øղŭֻڻʱڱ״̬ĴڻҪŹǣѶϵȻҲֱˡ
һһĬһŹԣֻβԼϺúôţȻҴİ;Բԭˡ࣬Ūˣϵʲôζ֮ᣡ
Ұ޵ĳӦ˵ǰ֮ѾΪ֮׵ĺһһĬؿӿһѪ³һںѪ΢һ㡣
ĬϵɫҲÿһֻ޽еޣΪޣҲô۸˰ɡںôǸ˻Ǵͬͬ⣬ͬõźô죬±˲֪һ
СͺһͬΪޣȻҲ׺һ⻰˼ˣĿССԴ΢΢˵㣬ҲʾԼܹ˺һ⻰ĿһĬһ˫Ưĺлһ˿⣬ȻʶãҲͦϲŮ˵ġ
Ĭźһһ˼Ѫô벻Լ³ڼѪ֮󣬾Ȼֻĸо֮ǰؿڵǹһɿˡ
ǰһԭѾȫɫ棬ȻǼѪ³֮һۿɼٶȿʼ·ܳĬоϲѡ
ɫܹԿǸΪ˵õͷڶֻһȻûʲôʤ㣬ܸԼСһ㴭ϢܵĻᡣޣܲûƷ׷һһֻûз֮Сܰɡ
̫ڰ֮ˣ
Ĭһ㻹ˣֻһղž׷һ˴֣ȻȻǱ˸ˡȻĬСҲһˡ
ʱСҲڿƣܲһ㶼ֱԴС
ɫëȫͺһֻըëһĬɺݺݵس˳ǣȻʱڿƣһȻϵĸо
ܿϵЦݣǰһֻڵĺһȻС࣬һҲܷͬ뿪һСŮˣǻѪգվСԱߡ
С꣬Ҫһսˣ
û뵽ʱĬǿԼ뿪ģΪʲôȻҪֻ֪ǿĺ̻ɲԶԸġСһ˫ɫĺвһ˿ȣһֱ˵Ѫ飬ŮƺǸ⡣
΢΢۾ʱ򲻵ò˵СҲǱĬжжˡ
һȻͷˣѵԸŹ࣬ȻҺԣôһȥɣ
ȫ
ĬһС΢΢˫ۣǵ΢Ļ棬о񽫻ȫеԼϣ֮ǰսͷʱһģһƺǲ֮ǰİͷѾĬʮֳˣοǰһֻһ
βѩ׵ƤëʼϵײȻҲǸղźһһȥյΣҲǱʱҪ˺üȦͱһͻǺСˣȻҲĬаһ벻ֻ˳С꾹ȻҲ
ã
ĬһС꿴ʵҲǲӣһޣһѾŵ˫ŷҪ˵ǺͺһսʵʵվԭرԷ˲ġ
Ǹոʶһһ꣬ʱȻҲһͨĬĬ˫ֽӡû˽̹ҪͬǱһһʹԼ
֯һȻһ㶼ûзУԷ̫ȫûпɱԣںһУڵķʶˡ
һԺڳĻĿлŨŨĲмءһ죬ֶǱһһһ£ĺҲǻζһ¡
һһĺëȻǱȵ˼㡣
ӣ⣬⣬ϻĺУ
һĭеĽźͺ»һ㶼ûиƣһ·ǶûʲôΣգжֵĸֲֿ˵Ҳɲ˻ɣǲһʵҲûжٿֲĸоëȻϻС
ⶼûмϻأѾŵ˫ȷʶץסĸ첲
ץס˸첲ϵҲܲÿݺݵصһ۶ԷⲻǻХʲô


17 
ݺݵ˦һƣҲֻܸŭԣһ֮ҪСͣӼʶ㣬Ҫô죡
ĸΪΪ˾ҪˣҶֱӰԼСŶӵͷھ͵ˡ
ȻһȻ͵λϱȲǵҲǼһƽʱҲûʲô⣬ǵؼʱ򣬵׻ԼСҪˡ
һҲ׵úܣĿһ·ûܹʲôޣһǱֻͻȻϻŵöڶ治ҳˡھΪǵʵӲ˵Ǻֻϻţֻһ취ȣ
⼸˵ȻҲף˵ҲΨһˡ
ǲҶֻϻܹЩ޶ò߶ɽ֮ʵѾ֪жǿˡ¾ǼĳϾδܹסֻޣӲ˵Ǽˡ
ҪǱ뿪֣ôȥ֮ο϶Ҳÿ
ζһм¼ڲģ֮ǰ˵ѡȡɼõǰʮӵܣΪνӵнҲĻᡣȻֲǴײˣ˭ҪԼԼģʮ˲ÿ˶ܹԼޣǿлȡ˵Ķˡ
˵ĻãҪÿһУɱҰ޵Ķ٣еҰѾĶˣܹӵǿ׳һתΪޡ
Ȼǽ֮һľҪץסһֻԼնɱҰ޻õҲٵĿʱȥҪ˵ܹǰʮȡͣһõζûˡ
ĽڴǱŵˣǾԲܽܵ
Ȼ֮󣬺Ǽͬ뷨Ҳǲ٣ף־޻Ҳһֱ棬ֻҪϻлġĽ̫ջ󣬼ܴвҲܶԸȥðһðա
ߴҲˣոս֣ͳɹԼһֻãֱ뿪ҲһܻһܲΡȻҲûҪ뿪˼
վһֻãϵɫ쳣֮࣬ǰĬսǸͷӵʱΪ˾ֱӰôߣѾһĶȵѹʱ¸ϵĬͰͷսĵط˵ϵѪʲôҲˡ
ֻҪûпĬʬ壬ӾмţĬһšûдĬûȥϷϲ֣ôأ
Сӣ˵īﰡҲˣӽüģȻҲмΪĬĬδӲȷǾԲ뿪ġ
վӵļϣȻҲܹܵԼ˶ĬĹģǸŮˣȴҲġʱܹ˼ѵİοӹһ٣ҲܹĬ
֨֨֨СóĶĥӵĲӣƺҲҪַοӣǸŮһµġ
ֻõУȻĬѾһ˲ĴڣӦӹǸͷӵ׷õлǺ׼ġֻҪĬôùɽеֻ˭Ҳǵľ޻ǿ϶ʲôΣա
ȻĬľùֻһˡ
ĬȻҲôãȻѾޣƶԵֵһˡղŲĬСһһ޶ѾʹԼȫȴǲ˵һֺ
ĬҲˣֻһҪֱǣȻצֻСֱ꣬ӱһˡ
ֻһɽж꣬ںòҵߣǰĬиԼĬһȻǳϻеߣè׽ϷȵС󳹵ûˣèһצʱˡ
ȻΣ
ʮ֮׺һôһֻèˣ
ĬˣһҪôˣ
ͺһսĬСԽԽĬʱ򱻺һŴҲǧʱ˵һ٣ںһһ㶼оۣȴҲĬе㹻˷ܡ
Ůһ£Ѿմ˸պѪۣһСýģȴǿԿһ˫Ӳǳһ˶ǻᷢһ˶ԽԽۣǵĬϣԽȫһ
ԽսԽ£ԭĶҲʼ¶˿ڣѪĬȴʧȥʹһֻֻǿĺһ
һѳ⻹ĬŵʱʱҲ˴ó


18 Լޣ1
ĬⷬӦһЩˣһ˫ĻĿƵĶǰһһޣҪôĽôҲǸʱ
Ĭһֳֽһֻ˸ɾڵɫ滯ɣֻһԻҲżɵҲһš
С꣬㹥ұߣҴ߹
ĬСʹһɫһһղܿ±任λãȻʱϵʹֻʣǰֻڻ
βղŵһսѩ׵ëҲմȾ˲Ѫ⻬ĺһⱻһһצץѪ죬ҲǴĿģӶصʱ˿Ҳ޹ؽҪˡ
СĬ˼ССһڣһ˲ĬС֮ͱһλá
βսߣԻһǶսһҲԸĬȡһʱ䣬ԷԾǾӼҴܵĺð֣
С΢΢˫ۣһ˫Ưĺ۾ƺͺһۣ˭ϾβȻ᲻˫۾֯ξ֮СβһӦԱԼǿĵ˵ʱ򣬻ܸԼȡһΪʤĻᡣ
ȻβϺһ֮ʵɲһǰ㣬СΪȻھԵʵǰȻЧҲǺܺˣԻסһӵʱ䣬ܿûЧˡ
ȻĬҲṼСϣСʩչȻʱץᣬźһ̹ȥ
쪵ķĬܾɫ֧ߣȻҲǰѳһȻһۼųѾһһȭλãĬ΢΢лһ˿Ĺʡ
ȻǸȤС˶
İҹĬС꿪ʼսһʱ򣬱ѾվڲԶ¿ˣδӼΪԼһֻޡֻ֣һ֮İҹѾֱ϶ֻһȻ֮ǰϮһǸ˱İҹˡ
һΪޣʵȺİҹѾ㣬ԶԶֻܽһƷŭ˺һ׷ܣûںһץס֮ĬС˱ŭĺһ
İҹȻѾҪշһΪԼȻô׾ͷŷˣȵһ»صѨ֮βں棬ֱĿĬǶսһọ̈̄ڶϺһʱûʮİգȥôС˶ȻֳܱȫȵҲİҹɹĿ࿴
üһȴҲǲòгϣĬ˺ǿȵԺչԲС
ĬСɶ뵽ƴƴںͺһƴʱĳȴﵭĿƴаԵǵĹַ
˵ʱʱ죬ĬԼⱲܹõٶȣźһȥɪɪ硣
ȻѾǳԹεĺһεȻҲѧôˣȻٸĬᣬһ˫ԵĻлһ˿ɫ໹ΪԼֻϵ˲ɣ
ޣɲЩ޴޿ԱȽϵģѾΣҪͬķôܣ
ĬϺһĺʶлһ˿õԤУҪջϵĽתˣµĲڹԵ£ҪջҲһ׵顣ݺݵҧǻᱻһһצץҲȥˡ
С꣬˺ֻϻܣ
ĬһȣֻܻСһҲһ°ɣʮһú
ţС˼
βҲɻŨŨĴ㵣Ů˾ȻΪ˾ȥˣĬ̵һʱСҲǷ˺һеļƽϣҪĬȻҲѾˡ
ô벻Ů˾ȻΪ˾ȥ
ˮĺлһ˿ᶨֻСһ˫ǰצڿлһƣԭҪһצץĬĺһڿβģʱһ˫лŨŨľȣҲ˰ġ
ʱ䣡
Сһ׸ӵӡڿ˳ɣСС峯Ĭܲ˵س˹ȥһһצҲֱӶĬ¡
ӴֻС굹ҲǸģİҹĿܹϳһȻҲϳСҲһֻѾβ͵ľβ꣬ͬޡ
ֻβȻΪ˾ĬһԼǰδŵ顣
ǵ޶㹻Ĵͽֻб౻ԼģгֹԼģӲҪ˵Ǳ޸ǻˡȻֻβȻԼϵ


19 Լޣ2
ȻȻİҹѾ׵飬һΪ޵ȻİҹĸףǾȲѡ
ءһХӿ˲
Ϊβ꣬һ壬ȻԼֱǶ޵ϣúһӲܽܵǣβȻһԼҲ˵ԼͳͳϣĬпںһצһ
һҲֻΪ޵СܹȻСһ㶼ڣ
Լɣ
ĬѾоԼһһצӸֱӴ˼ⶼѾоԼСҲӣھȻû
һ־޴˷ܴĵ
ҾȻûĬ۾ҪվԼµĹͷɢһָ̧ͷЩѾ
㵱Ȼûô׾ģԺһ𡣿ǰĬ˴⵽ʲô㣬㵽˭ôҵ
ʱ򣬲˭һ־ֵĸоɡĬǹһĨԳЦݣûбһһצﾹȻǳһֵֹСҲ֪ǸǻҪǣֻһɣ
ŲǶأƺǸо⻰ĲԾĵطСŮҲȾһ˿꣬ԣˣڣµģ
СĸצӲãǰĬһ˸ΣȦò׿ԴһˣֱĬòᡣ
ĬһҲӦˣĿԼǰֻС꣬ĿǣҲɴŨŨľȡ㣬㲻ֻСɣ
ߺߣ㲻СĬԺǰֻСҲ˦˦βͣһ˫ɫĺдŨŨİ޵Ľ
ĬɺݺݵһĭڷһжѾЩܹܵķΧˣС꣬ҲôܵȥˣǰȫֻһŹˣǾ仰ĬԼš
ղӣһԾѾʢŭ׼Ū˵ǾȻǺúõ˵
ɫһ䣬ھڵɣ
ûֻܸС괴һ˿ֻһôǿ
ҿҸղŲǶ˵ˣҾ㣬㣡Żȥأ
СĻĬʾԼѾˣҲʲôû
СֱӱˣԼŮ˴ԼԼһŮˣȻԼǲˣֱ޵
βؿһĬаʾԼܲ˻ҪһˣȻǲܵˣ޺֮ǰԼһγɣô׾ͽ⿪ģа취Сڵ״̬Ҳʲôˡ
ĬҪôֻһôˣǰĴҲֱĬĿ⡣
ǿڵһſߵС꣬ǳɹվô򵥵һȴѾܹĬеƣһŴۺ۵ĸоһ˫ȴǻᷢ⣬һ˲˲ضǰĶ
ֱ̫˧ˣ
ĬɺݺݵصһֻžԼʮ׵ľ룬һ˺ͺһһ𣬽ż㣬ɵڿзԾǺͺһϣȥҲǱࡣһһ׶೤ıǿųɢ쪵Ľ͹ʣͿ뵽ҲһѾ
ӢۣƺҲоıܹһƱ˵˰ɣ
ĬĪǸղž˾ңȻҲͺһһ𣬲ɵԱҲһʲôˣֻаϣһжġ
Свɻһ˿мСŮһھȻ˵˺ô
ߺߣҾ㣡ȻͱһһצӸץˣﻹͳӢ۵ġСĬ𣬾ǰ漸֮ĬڶѾֲֵܹصˡ
ҲõصˣС˼
вԾһ˿ȣôţںԼһͬһϢС꾹ȻܴӺһ°ˣС⻰Ĭȴһ㻳ɶûСһİ˵İĬȻԸȥźͬսСˡ
С̫꣬ˣȻܴһϰҾ


20 Լޣ3
ĬǣСҲܣСԴǫѷ˵ǺЦЦղԵʱҺͽԼԺҵˣҲֿˣȻѾ϶ĬСʱҲٲҴţԺǾͿͨˡ
ЦЦ˵ޣǽԼһ׮׮һģҪĬιȥˣЦЦʲôްȻܿˣ
֮ǰĬɲǰӸԼһֻãǽԼϵ֮󣬱ĶҪܺܶ࣬ҲûС˵ˡֱ̫ˡ
СоԼܵ˴ĬԼСצӣҲŲʲôأޣޣǾβ
ĬϿȥһϲģǺôǶ缸ʱĬϵľȻҲǲٵģҪһܹ꣬еҵΡҶʧˣȻĬŷϲûзκοܱǿĻᡣ
Ĭٵ飬ӸղܹϳһּѾڴ·Ͼ޾ͿԿˣβ֣ȫ;ˣ
㣬ǾβĬɰ࣬Ȼһֻ޾βԼˣ
ľϲ
ܵĬжھβĳݺϲЦЦҲɽԴǵȻҿޣȻǲܺЩûõˣα㣡ˣԺһҪŬǿҲԱǿһǿԴܺһģ
֮ǰСĬԼǱĬжˣÿĬôһɱˣںĬԼ֮󣬽Լ˫ڱ˴˵˽һΣСвɻŨŨľϲҲǼ񵽱˲ǣ
Ҫ˵ռ˵ĻСҲǲģĬڵɫΪı͹Լһʱ䣬ЦЦѾоԼڻ۵޻ǿ׳˲٣ȻѾҪ׵żˣصˣС궼оԼҪ쳤Хˣֱ̫ˣ
ЩĬȻǲ뵽СһġˡԼֱǰһĶȻˡ
ظС⻬ƤëҲأĬСƤģоͲ۲ѣĿᶨ˵ţЦЦҾôˣҲʧģһúŬһǻվˣ߶۽磡
Ĭ⻰ЦЦ˿ʲôԵģһˣ
ĬôֱӺ;βԼİҹͱȽϼˡ
Ƭ½ȷѾ˵ǺĴڣǶֻһȻҲûĬǱϿôסİҹֻһҲûбʤİգͷųĻԺһһѹãڵҲĬǺúܶࡣ
ĬֻԼǼˣϺ˳һͣڿоȻҲֱܲѾĬ֪Χ
࣬ĺأս˫ȭԺҲҪһУһҪ˸
İҹ֪ʱĬѾֱӰеһĿˡ
СҲض˺ͺһ֮սĬСĸ̶֪ȸУãˣǿӣѾ¶ƣоͻںһʱǾͲҪˣ
Сŵؿǰս£ȻӵΪǲ£͵ͬڰѻµĽ࣬ǶϺһҲ˵ʲôݶǵȻǱҪ
Ĭһвɻһ˿أҲǺһĶ֣ˣô죡Ϊ˾ǲųֵģ
ĬΪԼǸĴˣԼľ˵飬ġȻղĬҲΪ˸СȡܵĻᣬֱӱǶԼˣҲһС¶ĺĬԼ
УǾԲܷ˲ܣ
С겻ƲͷȥͲµĬ϶ôش𡣡ˣǾһϰɡ
ڸղŵһṦСڽԼ֮ʵҲѾ࣬ƴһ˵һ᲻ǣ
ãĬһڷƮ¶ɢһ˵ƣղžվѣȴǲ֪ʹһᶨسǰȥ
İҹԭΪһһ֮󣬿϶뿪벻ھȻΣԼ̫˲ɣ
ȴǲԼһĨЦ⣬Ϥİҹ˿һᾪȵ°ͶԭɽĪȻҲЦһЦ˵ľɣֱҪһߵĽࡣİҹҲû˲ǣ


21 ս
Ĭ˵˵ȷǺر𣬴СƳĬ۸ʱ֮ͦ⣬ҲʣİˡǸͲʶȴΪһĪɵ˳ȣԼǴˣһݶĬݺݵؼˡ
ĬСĳ֣һҲɻһ˿ȣྐྵȻǻˣ
ڸղСԼĬ飬ֱںһ⣬оβΪԸ¼ȫû޵ԭİҹĽһתתȥС꣬ҲǸİҹһϢĻᡣ
Ǹղһʱ䣬СѾĬİҹϿ˲ûܵʲôˣҵϢȴĬɾãܵ˾һ㶼ܵ١
Ϣһ£ߣұߣ
Ĭһȣֱӳźһұ߹ȥİҹ⣬ѹڷӿϢݺݵһźһ߹ȻԼֱӱĬָ
һ޶ϺһȴҲûпʤ㣬ǿһ㴭ϢĻᣬôɡ
Ĭұ߳һ̹ȥһУһûô༿Ŵ̹ĳֱצ˹ȥİҹһһ߹ȥ˸ŶĿԵıеһ㶼׾ֻгɹԸֻһлĻᣡ
һһߵΣգջسĬȥצתԸİҹܵڣԼ˴̵϶ҲҪܴܵˣ
İҹۼԼĹһɺϺһǺһҲУԼֿİҹϮһצӳİҹץ˵ĳһƤëһֱϻļӲ档
ءһһôһһα˵أһ˫ĿŨŨĺ壬һ˷İҹȥҪֱӰ˸ĳࡣ
İҹʶеһ󾢷糯ԼϮƴһˣղѾеڹ棬һٶȫĬȻҲ˵ãʣµһɫ泯źһ˦ȥϵĳٶҲźһҪѹ
һղűİҹ˵Ѿڷ״̬ĬĹȫͲϣԸҲһҪˣ
İҹһͣлһ˿ɬѲҪһֻɣ
СĶҲβóľԶ̹ԻģĻ˲٣ֱӳźһͷۣ֮ɫϢСͷųСΪԲ֮ڶһɺɫԻǵ
ĬӰ죬ô˲۾Ȼ˻ӰӲ˵еĺһˡ
ֻһצӵٶ˰ģİҹյرܿһצӣȻһҲѾһˡİҹҲǲãһƲһڵϣȫ¶ðѪԶͺһѪһ
ĬܿзӦһ߶Կźһһעİҹɺݺݵüģôô˿ڣѪͺȪһйʱֹѪĻǵĻѪ
⵽ô£
СļʶĬҪһ㣬һã߻ħˣ
߻ħ
ĬȻ֪Ծݺݵšüģײսһ뿴Ľ֣úõڴܣôͻ߻ħأҪô죡
ȻǶֻһĶ֣İҹ˺һ֮ȻһѾеŭйİҹϣȵʰˣ֮ǣһҪӣ
ˣ˺󣡡С곯Ĭ˵ʱʱ죬ĬʶҪ˺󣬲ҲӦˡ
ӺͷųһɿֲľȫĹֱӰܱߵһжĬȻҲ⡣
ɾ𿪣һ˾ߵķһ˳ȥСվԶǰһӦİҹĲԾǰһӦĬʱסȻʱĬҲˡ
òײΣȦĬصˣоԼŲλһݺݵؿԼ³üѪǺһЩһСҰ׾ͬϾҪһһ˫ȴһ˲˲ضİҹǱߵ
⵽ʲôôͷųôֲ
Ȼ֮ǰĬ֪Щ߻ħȫһΣʱ̱޵һôĬΪĵĻİҹ


22 һ
ȻİҹãİҹǼвܵſ½꣬ʮʹﵽ㣬һһӶﲻľ磬ȴɵصˡ
İҹ˷ٵԭȻĻɫйأɫΪԵڿ˾ʵͬʱȴҲżΣΣ棬еıȻİҹž޴սһСľͿ߻ħ
İҹѾڸߵĥȫޣʱиоɻɫΪǿ󣬾ʱԼҲûа취ƣÿζǿ;ɲܿƵѹİҹͺһս˺صˣԼΣˣѪӿûа취ڵ
ǳǰ棬ɾν߻ħ
߻ħİҹʵӵǿԭֱͷųԪӤڴܵƣֱ󾳽磬ĬղűİҹھԶԶضܸܵͷųĿֲ壬Ӳ˵Ǿİҹĺһˡ
ڲҪ˵һֻ˵ĺһǶʢʱڵʮֻһİҹĶ֡
ǿĵѾúһеһɼѹȻղŻһ˵ʱʶҪ򵹣һһʱҪܣʱйİҹôܻһܵĻᡣ
һ䣬ȫ¶ڲѪȴʹȫʧһǴһĨ̵ЦݣһֲĸоǺǣԭһֻһڱ
һɲţ˾ͺһʶҪ򵹣ˣ޷
֮׺һôܹһษ׳ƳǽԴĺһôܽܵһʵĳ𣬴Ұ޵ء
ĬСվʮ׵ĵطҲǱѪӿ䣬ͺʩ˶һҲˡ˺ÿ£
СҲɺݺݵһĭĬӸܵ˾ͺǱһһֲܿ϶Էû˿
İҹĿһ䣬ЦˣںһǿۣǺǣһҲڱǰ
һֲκ;һֻ޵ڵİҹĿʱ
̤żΪƽȵĲӣһһһ߽ǺһҲɸоԼͺǿһԼлŨŨĲʣѲԼʱȻҪ䵽ľأ
໡쳹ĻХŨŨĲʺʹС֮ǰͺһսǵͬΪޣһֻǿޱ˸ɱҲɲŨŨĲ̡
ĬҲ֪ԼǴİҹһȣҪ
İҹлһ˿ȣԭһƶѾǵ˺һǣȴǿͣдŵɻ󣬿ԱߵĬлһ˿ζ㣡ܿǻָȻףҪʲôѲҲֻһŮߵֻβҲ
İҹϵС겻ɻӲԭˣһĬȫҶ˵Ŀ⡣˺֣߻ħˣȻʶˣÿ£
Ĭһͣ˾߻ħˣȻϳоȻǿƲסһ˿ССϲ˵ͷԼС飬ղҪҲûˣһҪɱֻһ𣡡
˵ʱĬ֪ôľȻһĪϤУŶԷ˺ÿһʮֲף־ǸӲˣȻղźһǣɱ׺ܿϧ
ԭΪɵĺһ˵£Ҳɶ˵ӣĿ⿴ĬߣŮ˾Ȼڰ
İҹǹ˹ƺ鼫õ˵˵أĿƵضĬСͺǿ԰͸һ㡣
ĬͷһвԸһֻʵǿ޾ʹֲ˲ˣתתֲΪѰһֱʵԼȴײԼ˺ЦЦô˳ֿ϶ҲûκĿģ
ԼֻһӴΪãֱǸӿգ
һκ͸飬ԭӦˣĬҲͲһĴˣڲѰһõĽ취ˡ
İҹ˵ƺڿĬ˵˵ͷһҲˣȫһκηӦʱ䣬˫ֽӡǿƺͺһԼ
İҹΪһΪһһֻİҹţȻһֱ԰Ѻһϡ
ǿ
Ե
˧


23 İҹΣ
˹Ȼܿ£ĬһָоھǼеĳ϶˶һʤ㶼ûУʲôȼĪѾĸ߾硣Ҳֱȥǰһľ޴ΣǿԺݺݵһˡ
̫ˣĬأ
һҲǲսӦÿ˰ɡȻĬԼһ㣬ûС꣬ǿȫƾһ֮ǽֻһ
İҹĿ䵽Ĭϣлһ˿ĪĹʣͺںܾ֮ǰѾʶĬһĬмΪ϶һԲܻûӡ󣬶İҹ˵Ŀ⣬Ĭʶס˺ھʵǰƺеȻ
İҹ˵Ƶ˵
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣⿴ǰߴˣ˵֣İҹ֣ܺ
صصͷлǰľ֣֮ҺС궼ѾֻһˡһǰĬеõҲȻǿΪᣬƺԼǿһǰҲǼΪģԷͲûкܴ
İҹİҹؿһĬϲгƺһǰ޶ֱ֮ľ롣
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣֪İҹ˼ᶨ⣬Ĭлһо̽ŽһİҹҪôƺ
ȻĬһֱӺеɻİҹ΢΢˹˵ͷĬȥİҹһһӱһ㣬ĬǰȥǰĬСһ
ҪкһţİҹһˤƶҪˡһİҹԼޣȻǼΪȻȵİҹɱȻеÿˡ
İҹİҹôˣĬİҹԼǰȥһҲɱݺݵؾӷİҹļҪİҹ
һҲǵԼǿ˵һ˫Ŀһ˯˲ضİҹ۴εؿĬϣŮܾİҹĬ£ִİҹƤ˻ͺһ̵̹ƤСɫƤΪ£Ρ
߻ħĺ֢СҲİҹ˵˵ҲȻֵܼڲŵȥ
Ĭɺݺݵü߻ħղİҹӲǺúõģȴֱӵȥϿ߻ħɥʧ־ھҶľصˣֱӶһβĬĵġ
Ҫô죡ڿϺʹ࣡
СҲ֪ôشˣҪСС֪ĶԲ٣⻹һμȻܹ߻ħҴܵľɾ޴󻹰Ѻһܵġ
ˣ㲻Ҫģ˺аղеѹֻһˣʣµѾܹ࣬赼Ҵܵа취ġʵСҲܺȷ취ǲЧĬĵģֻһˡ
赼ĬлŨŨĵǣﻹʲôİҹ赼İҹղűֳɲһܹġȥһĸİҹ赼
Сתת˵ˣ㲻ȥԣ
ңĬҲǾˣָԼҿ𣡡ܵСͺһֵ֧Ŀ⣬Ĭصص˵ͷãҾȥԣܱʲôҪúܶ࣡
Ĭڵɫղŵһ򶷣ûʣ¶٣ֻһ̵ӣҧҧʱĬҲûʲôõĵģһ㶼ģҪ䵽İҹڡ
ɫ䵽İҹ֮ĬȻİҹ֮һĸо˳һĨȻܹİҹڵ
ҲҺĬʲôȻҲĵӣԼʯֱ˳ɫİҹڣĸ֪
ۣڵľȻǻɫģ
֮ǰĶսĬмлɫĹâ˸ԭڵ־
ϰ֮ˣھ֮Ҳǿγһɰɫľ־ΪԽԽߣԽԽ⣬ԽԽ࣬ĬȴǴûв֪⾹ȻܹѾΪɫġ
ڷԼɫĻڿİҹɫҴܵҲûожôĲܽˡ˵ȵİҹ֮󣬻ܸһֲͬɫֻʲôЧ
ǻĬЩԭİҹҴܵĻɫͺǿԼʳһһسĬǾҪȫ˵ĸо
ĬɷһʹоԼ궼ҪЩɫһ


24 ø
ĬʱҲ׹ˣԼ겻֪ʲôʱȻܵİҹ棬ЩɫĹֱӳȫ󣬼ֱ̫ˡ
ʶҪӿİҹڣȫǻɫսĬǵ΢ɫȫͲȥֿǿĻɫ塣һ˲飬ɫ˷ĬɫȫİΧȦ֮ڡ
СͺһվԱĬİҹԷ˹͵ϮһʹҲʶĬİҹһߣҪæȴһ취ûС
ãΣգ
СĬ֮ԼĬһΪʹĻУСȻҲǵһʱǸܵԼ˵ĲżҪֿĬİҹˣȻĬᱻİҹģ
һоָĬܹԼˣȻκƻֻСҲһ
ÿȻҼ˻ģСݺݵźһԼССצӡ
һİҹһ㶼ֻβϻʲôС궼ǺһĶ֣ԾѾǰĬΨһһܾİҹˣԲ˴š
˵Ǽ˻Ҫ˾ΣŲأ˵⻰ʱ򣬺һҲе㲻ȷŮҲˣô˭İҹǺһΪĵ顣
С궼ҪֻһˣղžӦһưֻͬĴϻˣҲôµʱˡϻ˵ھ˵棬ܲãһҪֿȻȻˣҲһҪ
С⻰Ҳһ㶼٣һлһ˿ᣬҪŮԼˣղŮˣİҹѾһˣӲ˵ڵĺһ
֮ǰһΪС겻ĬȥİҹҲʶˡ
ôܣŮ˵ôܻܵ˵ȥһɵһС⻰Ҳ˿еɣǿֿǣ
һ꣬Իң˶һ꣡Ǻһ˽ŵԭܲܿһ
ǲ࣡
ȻҪֿĬİҹˣҲԲһ򵥵顣
СͺһǸոսӽԵˣҪһ˫ַֿİҹͷųһǿĻɫֱӰֻͳͳ˳ȥȫпĻᣡ
СͺһҲûа취ˣ˭뵽İҹھȻôǿǾûа취Ӳ˵԰İҹĬ˷ֿˣֻܿİҹĬ˽ؿһ֮ʲôˡ
СҪñˣĬ϶˰ܹܵԷһΪؼʱ̣ǳһֱӱˣݺݵصİҹ˺ĬƴһҪ˱
ҲҪ̫ˣûµģʱһİοҲԵЩˡ
С겢˵ֻǽضĬİҹһߵ
ʵϾС֪ײİҹڵĬ״̬ôãΨһܹľԼߵһɫĻ棬ܱ߾ͺǺˮһӹĻɫϢȫҪĬڻһ궼ʼ
ʲô鰡ҪǵģΧʲôĬݺݵһԼ֪ڵжô⣬ָоԼȫЩɫΧ֮еĻᴭ
ν֪ηĬ֪ĴڣеηҲ˺ܶࡣ
ǲҪˣҹĬһ뵽֮ǰС˵ģ赼İҹڵϢһɫͷŹȥߺߣҾôˣϲͳͳǺˣ
ղĬѾİҹ˲ԼûʲôЧ԰һͷҲһԶͶȥǾֻܷˡ
ȻȷʵĬݺݵؾˣ
⵽һôʾ׵ĳԭѾԤԼһССɫҲţ뺣һЩɫȫɵ
ʵ෴һɫͺҵȼϣֻá塱һһСȼǻɫ壬֮ԽԽƺҪЩɫɫȫȼմźãˣĬظܵԼľҲһܴĲΣ˳
ɫİҹЩɫȻһЩȫȼոɾֻܹΪԼõġ


25 ɫ
Ĭݺݵصɴ˫ֱۣԼǰѾȫĬԽܵķΧɫȼİҹڵЩɫ壬ЩɫۿԵٶѸٵı٣ɫȴԽԽԭֻһ磬˺ܴܴĻ棬ͬʱҲĬꡣ
ףô£ôԼأ
СҲǲɾˣѾ˰ԼһľģȴǸоԼڲϵӡֻһԽͣǾĬҲڲϵȻԲ
һСҲڿԷˣֻҪԼû¾ͺãİҹǿˣ¾͹ˡ
Ҳ֪浽ȼ˶ãǰİҹЩĻɫȫոɾ˻ȼϣɫһ㷹ĺһȻһãĬͷųõϢ
ǺĬϢϢصĻ棬ܵ滶ϲ飬ĬȻҲǲһĸоȼİҹڵЩɫ壬ɫҲ֮ǰǿˡĬɾã֮ǰƾһܳ䲻ͷôƣǿĶ֣Ҳæң˵жԿ
Ĭ΢΢һһܣİҹЩҴܵĻɫҲѾȫʧôǲ˵Ѿûжٴˡ
ˣСҪѾˣҲӦûȥˣ
ĬŲԶ˵һһ±ıɫ֣ڵİҹڣܲǴɡ
һֱΪСҲЩܿˣĬٻ͵ûһһֱڼСһܵͿʼ起ƻټϸղŷջɫСԵͷڸӲԸ뿪ˡ
ȫĬĻĬڱøӵľ޴ȼҫ۵⣬Ĭһӱȵ۾һ۾Ӳ˵İҹˡ
ʹ÷һšһѻȼգĵ￪ʼȼգȫÿһѪ綼ʼȼָоͬǰһ˵˵ҩΪҩʼһ
ʲô
һСҲɱİҹһߵסˡ
ԭѾȷĬʲôΣգֻԼǿһⶼûкúϢһأİҹӣһŵöҪǽˣ⵽ʲô
Ҽôˣ
СؿһİҹڸղźһΪɻأһô֪һ˫ҲȾŨŨĽź͹ġ
Уҿ˺ʹ࣡һİҹǿƽԼǸղžβܵĬĲһһҲܵİҹĲʶҪȥһָоֻҪĬİҹ˷ֿˣͿԻˡ
İҹڻ֮ǰԼһ˺һ淢ʲôȫûӡˣȵ΢һ㣬ӣȻһɫ޼ɵȼԼİҹһ첻ֻһҧҲҪɫɣ
ɫ𣡡
İҹҪһЩмѾȷԼȼյĻǴ˵еɫ
Իɫ֣¡
İҹݺݵšüģ˵ɫϢȫûɫĶ֣ôȼȥԼĵȫٻűɷҲô˲ʱ䣬ȴһ֮ûС
˺ݺݵս˫ȭвʣ
ССҪˣİҹעۿȥⲻǸղǸæˣôڣҿɫϤӡ
ĬҲǵģİҹģɲǴСƻģСѾİҹڲĻɫ㶨ȥ»İҹ𻵡
СٲԺ󶼲ˣԺ󶼲ˣĬҲȫɫ棬ƽʱʱ涼ĬָӣǵҪôԦ棬ĬԼҲ֪кҪֻСȼˣȻİҹҪˣ
Ҫİҹһ
ǲҪˣȻֱӳɫȥ궼ᱻɫջ٣ҪǰȥסĬǰжɫη壬Ҳֱǰ
һĻȴȫİҹĽܷΧֻɫȻץԻʵˡ
΢΢üԼץŲֵĻҲǼãߺߣСԺ󶼲ˣ
ƺıĬ⻰ŵˣԭֵܲĻһӰƺ˶ԷĻǱԣ
⣡İҹҲЩסˣֱܽ
ĬҲע⵽һԵİҹǰһİҹˣ̫ˣ


26 ҩͽ
Ĭİҹڷ飬ԼСһİҹܵų˳ȥ⵹ҲĬɺݺݵһ֮ǰڵԼ״̬Ҫôܴİҹȥأǲõˡ

ĬֻԼۣղžһս˳̶ȿɲᣬղ״̬ܲѹ֮͸еʹòҪҪģ˫ۣȴʶİҹ
ˣ̫ˣˣС꿴Ĭһ˹ĵĬ¼Լûʲô⡣
ԭĬˣСôһģһʹˣ֪СһҲǵԼǺݺݵس˳飬ûʲô飬Сȥ˾Ҫˣ
ôôˣĬ⻰Сӽˣһ˫СצֺݺݵĬǰݺݵز˼ţĬҪˣѾƽˣȥֱӱһƽ˰
һͷӵں𣬲СзӦʱ䣬һСβͣ޴С꣬ôȥС޾Ҫˣ⻰˵ĬĿȥˡ
İͷĬʶʮ־ؿͷɫͷİɫ룬΢΢лźͰЦݡĬİҹˣԷ֣Ǿûκη
ǰµԼ޲ܷܲȿȡĬ˵ôһ仰ȫƲסؿݺݵһˣ֪λǰкμ̣
ҩֲҩ벻һĻȤ飬ؿУǾ֣ĬǾ⣬ое㲻ˡеˣȻʲô򵥵ģ
΢΢˹һ˫ջЦԽؿŲϣСޣ㲻ҪţͷӻڻСŮ޶֣ڿ˺صˣҿ԰ǣҩһ˫ﻮһ˿⣬Ů̶ȣһͬ⡣
ĬȴôƭģԽô˵ԽǾ衣İҹΪ˾ǱĬܲİҹǰҪôܳ־ѣ
ҩһϲſС꣬лһ˿ϲڿĬԽԽϲ
СŮ޴壬֪ĿģΪ˾ԼѣҲԸܷգеʶȻҪǣղҩҲǿúղǻɲСŮͷųӵһĵҩʦѧϰҩǲ˷ѣ
ҩϳҩһҪǣҪһͽܣĬ⣡
ҩϾţͽһǸţ˶ҽͷҲ˹ͽˣͷӻʲôøҫģ
ϷҲûʲôҪ󣬲ҪϷ֣ȻҲôסҩһ˲˲ضĬı飬ϵɫԽͰ䵽ĬǵУһͷڹƭСһ
Ĭ΢΢üСȻˣʵҲղžͱҩôһץסˣ˼ҵʵԲСԹһοҩҲ˾УֱӶĬĻС̽Դ˶Էһۡ
ĺĬˣͷӺǿ󣡡
Ĭ΢΢ͷȻҲȴǸӼᶨˣǰֻҪĬģһҵѡ
ҩϾ֪𰸣ЦúúãͽԺҩͽˣʦ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣Ѿ׼˶ԷʲôѵҪ벻ȻҪʦ
Լò׿еĹͽֱסˣҩ΢΢ҡͷ΢΢˹ô㻹ǿͷӲɣҪҪͷӾˣ
Ĭһϲһǿʦ޺ֱӹڵϣҩϿһͷͽĬڴˣݼʦ
ҩԭûôҪ˼ڵģͽҲԶΪͷúãͽԣΪʦҲʲôøļ⼸ŵҩԺӦûãŰɡһž¶裬ҲһЩ
ҩ⻰Ĭ˿ûа㻳ɣֱӴҩӹƿ浽һҩζͺ㣬ֱһȥȻоԼ¶˺ܶ࣬жʦҲԽˡ
ĬΣҩϰԵ˵ͷȻԼеͽеɫ
ˣѵҩִİҹ֪ͷҪİҹһҲֻǹԹԵԱ߿ţûʲôΪİҹҩҲɺݺݵص˵ͷһֻظԼĺ룬ǲͬ죬ţȻ
ҩȴǲĬӽˣСղСİҹôһڣҲ֪ôĺ
ʦҵôʦа취


27 İҹ
Ĭŵؿİҹ˵Ѿѹˣİҹʵ֪Ҫǿ٣ҲӦѹˣʵʵȴȫ෴ˡ
İҹڻ״̬Ĭӽˡ
ɫԽѿˣĬݺݵšüģҸղûмǴĻҺǿİҹĵСĵĻĬѾ˵ȥˣҪݺݵ˦Լһˣڰİҹǻˡ
һ˵жôҪͲö˵ǸղСôһգŵ˶Ҫɷ˰ɡ
ôһ룬Ĭо͸ӶԲİҹˣ˾һʲô
İҹҶԲ㣡
ҩ΢΢ͷԭղ˵ĵ֮ڣֲûҩҲ׸ֵˣԼĻͳһŵҩֱİҹ֮վͿԼ컯ˡ
ĬһۣĲ֪ǹģ
ݺݵȭİҹǰ棬ݺݵšüģԲ𣬶ԲĲ֪ĬǷһԺ󲻹ܷʲô飬ҶߣҵҲϧɵĽھҩ϶ûа취ˣĬԲжԼΡ
ҩ΢΢üⱿͽ˵ʲôأ
ͽ˵ʲôҪ㣬ҲڵĻ
ҩ˵꣬İҹ˫ۣĿһʱɫŵĬϣлһ˿ůİҹкܶˣȴֻһС˶ĹΪݻʲôԭ
ղĬڵİҹӡ󣬾ĵˣȥܵ֮һҪһǿ֮ģηмֵκѺΣա
ûϵ㲻ҪѹİҹҲɳޱȣԼҲüģǺѾ׼һΪٵ׼ǺûУ
İҹпƲסһ˿ϲ⣬ľȻչһ࣬Ҳſһб֮ǰ˳ԭİҹĻɫ谭ҲЦʧˣֱİҹ붼飡
Ҫ֪ԵĻɫͲܻʧһʵӲϵвǵôѵԭһСľͻ߻ħǸղİҹοİҹĻɫΪԵģӵǿ󣬲ĺȻҲǸء
ڵЩɫȻȫʧˣ
İҹҲŨŨĲ˼飬ֱǲ
ҩ΢΢֪ĽЩԵĻɫҪҼұͽˣҪúллҼͽˣҩϽصͷģǱԼκİҹĲԺأ
ĬûзӦ⵽ôһ£˼ؿİҹ˵ͷǸİҹԲĲ֪Сôôһ㣬ڵĻɫȫˣĵĶԲԺһᱣ㣬Բκл˺㣬Ҫȹһأ
Ĭ⻰ҩϲɺݺݵس˳ǣɵͽԼ˺£СӣھȻŵ˼ң
İҹ΢΢ҡͷССĻ棬ǾеɫǼ򵥵Ļ棬Ĭлл㣬û£
İҹ⻰͸ӲܷĵˣһİҹҪô˵ģĬ͸Ӳܲܵطˣİҹ֪Ҳã㵤һһһ㸺ģ
ۡ
Ҫҩ̲סЦһ为Ƕ˶Ů˵Ĭ˵ҲǺ˼Ŀⲻ䵽İҹϣղҩѾ̽İҹľȻͬһ㣬澭¶һ飬ؿ˾ĿȣԺϿҪˣ
˵ĻԼСͽҲǲġ
һ룬ҩϿİҹĿͲɸӳˣţõҲǲİҵ˰ɣҲȥСӱˣȻǼСͽ˵Ҫ㸺𣬴ӴСīˣɲ׼ˣ
ĬǷʲô֪ôе㷴Ӧˣ
͹βһİҹǿһԼɵˣĬĬԼǰԼ
һĬĬƲͷȥʲô֪Ҫ
ҩΪϲôһ˵İҹҲϻһ˿ĺΣԺһֱһɰС˶Ҳǲ΢΢䣬ҪīԼ˼ˣҪīҲûİҹˣ
İҹ⻰ʲô˼ֱͬҩ˲ɣ
Ĭ˶סˣҩΪϲôڵİҹһߣҲʼ˵˰
Ĭһ죬İҹڷ˵ʲôѾǵˡ


28 
ҩҲɴЦҲǼõģߺߣİСӣοǱ㻮ˣһŵͽڣɲĬ츳ҩϾܰɾĵҩʦİҹĬãȻһѡ
ҩôŰĬȷһǿĿɽȻҲ뷨˭Ĭڵʵʵ̫ˣﶼǱ˼۸ϡĬûȫɳ֮ǰҩȻҲǲһֱչСͽܣôĬһǿɿĿɽͷǳбҪˡ
Ȼҩѡе˲˵İҹˣܹĬİҩϿֱٺʲˡ
İҹ΢΢˵ͷʾԼףӻԼݸĬīҵ壬Ļ棬Ѿȫ߻ħӲ˵ⷬҪллǡ
Ĭ֪Լϵ壬ϸĸоԲһͨ壬͸ҵģû£ֱĬǲţһѴȼ˵ĵﾹȻû顣
İҹ˵ͷͷųһƣǰ治ԶĴھ޴ĳ֮ºص£ͿİҹһƵжˡ
Ĭɺݺݵ࣬⵽ж
СҲɱİҹһƸŵˣ̫ˣˣֽˣ
СôһѣĬ˵ͷʶİҹʵڿһˣãûбСŪһзϣȻҶ֪ҪôˡˣҲûˡĬҲİҹһСķڻ΢΢
İСӣôô٣һͰҼҹͽˣһ壬ʲô˲ģѵһֵһ壡ҩһҪĬһôƲһһ˲˲ضİҹȻжİҹЩǮֱӱĬ
СǰһͷԸϲ
ҲŸղűҩһǰβ͵飬һĬĻĵҩϵļϣСԴصţһһСضİҹҪӶԷϵõĺô
ĬƲȥʶⶼǿˡԭĬΪİҹ˻Ļᣬ˼ٽİҹ
תͷԼ³¯ʦС꣬Ĭ´һİҹȷȫָˣİҹҪǺ˵ллǡˣĬֵܿ϶ӭ΢İҹȻô˲䱻ԷЦݸסˡ
˵ͷԺ󻹻ģԺ󿴵İҵı־ʾ壬˴㣡İҹ΢Цˣֱӿ缶˺󼶵İ˼мһӿԽСȼֱǲ飬ǾǱİҹˡ
Ĭӿ˵İҹĹˣ
İҹĬ˼ȤôСһˣȴıŹ˶ãԼȫһľϲǼ£İҹȻĪҪС˶ߣ֤ĳɳ
Щ֪пʼİɡ
Ĭ˵ͷİҹǺڣ
ϾĬԣμǶѾˣܻ֮ܲǰ̲ȵλȥЩҲǸ˽ʱˡ
ڵɫ澭ս֮ĬȻȫƣЩˣټСߣԸЩĵԼİ취
ص˵СԴǻؼҿɻһսҪأ
İҹĿ֮ǰǵʱмĬĴ˾ǳ֮һţλȥҲʲô顣
ī﹧ףһ˲䣬лڲѧԺİҹĬ֣ܶ໰Ҫ˵һתںһı뿪
ҩϿİҹȻôˣȻһѽԹͽô˰
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷתͷҩϣʦֿʱڲǻʦѵ᲻ң
ĬôţҩЩ˼ˣͷԹͽΪʦãλ׷ɱΪʦҺһ𣬻鷳
ĬĿ⣬ҩϲһ죬תͷӻͳһΪʦľ飬Թͽѧǰƪ֮ҩȣȻʦͽ֮ʱ˵ҩҲĬ˵ʲôֱ˦֮һವһʧˡ
ĬҲЩˣݺݵس˳ǣôһʵǿˢһ¾Ͳˣʵȥˣ´һߣ
ЦЦأССצӰĬ䣬һĬļ档
Ĭ΢΢ͷǼСãҲǻһס
˳ë˵С˫ۣһˣǸͷأԿͷµ򣬼Ȼ¸ĶӦǲģ
Ĭϵ΢΢һ㶣Ҫôȥ򰡣ĬӴ鶼ֽʻƤʵҳȫˡ
㼯о񣬿ӦþͿˡСʲô֪ĬʾԼҲΰ
Ŷô򵥾ͿˣԣĬ΢΢üҪСķһ£ǴϤ
īīҾ֪㣬̫ˣû̫ˣ


29 ǿƻع飨1
ӵӺ洫ĬһתͷͶӾ⣬ǲһĨõЦݣӣôˣ
ղźͺһһս˺ѵĻ쳹ʣ˵ʱҶѾ֪гûӶԶжԶСҪĻԼСҪ֪ɽлƫɽУһݸҲʵҪĬжˡ
վӼϵڿĬߵС֮󣬼ǱܵҪ룬ȵشӵļϻһԳĶԼһֻСȲţȫݷСĽ¡
Ѫϵѹ
ͨڼ֮󣬱ܵزһֳĸоҪݵĽ¡
Сظ߸СԴĬ¶һı飬Ĭ΢΢ҡͷֻСҲNɪѽҲ۸ЩСˡ
˵ĬſڵϵøǲɹһĨаȵЦݣôҵֻҲǹûɣظѩ׵ƤëСӣҲġȻ⻰ĬҲп佱֮ǰΣյʱӵ顣
öĬĿ⣬ȴǻսøˣһҶɵؿĬŮ˾Ǳȸղֻ޴˸ӿֲͻȻɾãҲֻܺ޴վһһ޻䲻Ĭ
Ĭɢζе˵ˣȴһ㶼ΣƺҲҵһԭˡ
ٰĿҲܷĬߵֻĲ֮ͬûпĻղþΪڿСǱֳֵģϲɻŨŨȤīֻСʲôƷְźӣһһֻ˲أ
ԭڿ佱ԼСҲһĬҡԼĺβͣɣҶԺߣ޽˭㣡ģյĺ飬޶˸ĬһЦ⣬һûпƾЦ
Ĭ̬ȣСҲǲˣ⻳λӦģֻͼֽðɣСǲԼǳԴˡ
СһڣĬԭ֪С˵ȻûжپȵˣǰӸһĿһ˲˲ضСꡣǹ˺ð죬ǷӦɴ˫ۣǲ˼顣
īҸղûгֻþɣֻС꾹Ȼ˵ˣȻ˵
Сһ¶һټֵĿ⣬ߺߡ
ĬɲһףȻĬڻȴǱֱŹֻӰɣʲô֪Ҫؼң̫Σˡ
Ҳ֪ȻĬĻһֵ¶صӵҲǱСλãռĬλãǰ
ĬҲЩˣޣһֻ֪СˣϲС̬ȡǹ˹Ӿȵ⣬ҲûкģǾβްɣܿԡ
ĬڽԼСҡεβ͸Ӿˣһ㶼ڲԼİ֮ɫ
ߺߣݱɣ
֣ĬһСԴˣΪһڣɽϻһֻ궼Ҫƴˣ
⣬ޣѾвµֻ϶ͬһ㣬벻ȻһֻޣƷϾͱ޸ˡͷīغģҾ˵һһһɳ죬̫ˣ޺ðֻ޲ǵī
˵Ĭļ򣬡īμĵһ϶Īˣϻ˭շһֻ޵İ
ǺֵܣڿõʱԵΪе˺Ժ
Ĭһлһ˿һΪǴϵ˲ɣȻɰͷȡҲҿãһѣȻڶѾûˡ
ߣǼӱĬҲ֮ˡ
ĬҲڴڿúûʱֻ¶ôıأ
ǺǣӣղΧпǣҲô׾˰ɣδϷ߱˿϶Ҳ٣Լʲôޣ
͵ĬİοҲûע飬úһ£ҡҡͷҲûǰСˡֳֻХͺ춼ҪһѾкܶ˳˳
Ĭ΢΢ͷӵļЩҪ˵
ӶѾԼޣȫ֣ɲΪŲ
һݸĬԶǡ


30 ǿƻع飨2
εļĬ뵽ȻܸԼôôһԼ֮ǰʮ궼ûյɫ棬İҹ뾭磬ײܳڵĻˣҲ˳
Ĭи˵ĻҪ˵ܴغЦЦ΢΢˹ظŻС˳Ƥëջɡ
СĬͨȻҲܸܵԼ˵Ļϲͳ谮һ˫Ȼĺ۾ĺ˺ߣҲѡĬΪԼˡ
īʱҲˣ϶ҪڶѾȥˣҲȥɣȻǻҪô˵أ¶һõЦݣǽ׵ĴһһεģҲ¶һ˿ֻ
ôһֱѹţκòܹü˻ƢأӲ˵һֱҪǿӡ
һ۵ʱ䣬ĬͲµʲôˣȺ˿ɲǵأ
ڴһҲѾΪѾò˰ɣȻǼʱǱһܾʡ
ϸ˼վһֻѩѩ׵ĺ꣬һ߳ȥԱһĿĺˣһһңʱʱ˵ЦΣķ֣ȴûһֻҰ޸赲ǵĽŲ
Ĭһ޵ѪѹƣΪĺһѾİҹ뿪ɽϻưԣһ·ôһҪСһ
֮⡣
ܻ˶Ѿˣͻ䣬ºԼˣ˵Ǻһ·ܽƽѾǴˣǲԼޡ
ǰȺ궯̫ͻȻˣǻ׷ޣͲò˳γɵĽȻܱʾÿˮƽ
⻰ν˵£֮ǰĬǰ£ֻþ֮ȴˡǳ˻Х𶯣Ƶǲò˳֮ǰ׷ޣûȥɱʲôûУԵΪΡ
һо͸ʹĬˣĬ£ҲЩΧӶ硣
һѾؿԵγˮһԱߵ˶ҿ
ƽʱʱһֱֳƵһ棬Ǽɱ˵ı黹˲ȻҲûɵʱȥŭΣӣǴΪϲӣμʧҲܻӰĵλ
ȻΪҪǣֱĬûܹ߳Ҳ׶༪ˣôλȻҲҪóˡ
ҼΪ׵峤ϵɫȻҲÿΪ궯ȺݺݵšüģμĽѾҪˣΪĵеֻͻ᲻ǰա
ôϢȺɵƻʧ˲뿴ĽĬֱڻûл㶼ûо쵽
ɫÿȻҲ˲μΪ˸·һֻ඼ûɱͨļӵܶ磬ҪĲؾҲѾˡ
㻹һκһŰͷѾĬˣԺҾǵˣȵɹ̳ңʲôòġһ룬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ֺγأ
лĹâμСΪҪбҵȺǻ᲻Σǰգ
һ̾˵ĿΪĵģɿĿҲȾ˼ͣ⻰˵
õĿ佱е⣬ȴǰ㶼ֳǡô¶ŨŨĵģƺע⵽Ĭûл̾Ϣһ
νļӵڶ࣬һЩûл¡Ļû˵˼ҲѾԣЩڻеĵӿѾûˣڱҵȺǰ棬ﻹĿܡ
֪Ľ˵ʲôѡʱЩӵȥûлȻʵãǺôҲǼһԱԺóȴǰװ
ʵţȴܵõΣȻҲԭ򣬾ͱڣһ仰׶ԷҪ˼ˡ
ڻûлǲǡ
Ĭֱڻûл˵ȻҲˣʱҲǸֱ˵
ôѣʶĬûлĨ̾Ϣһţ˲˿̵飬ű󱳽Ӳֱͦ
˺һᣬŵ̾Ϣһȴǿ֮ɫ
ûܻҲҪǿߣ
⻰˼˵ĬĶӣԼǿҲֻһ֡


31 ǿƻع飨3
ò˵Ǳ鿴ȷʵһԼӶֵܱĮӲ˵ǱˡԼվĽǶϣѡҲһģһҲ˵ϾĬĸ֮⣬ҵļҪһϿǡ
֪ĬǸķ֮оѾҪϵѡ뷨ˣĬɥÿɻͷۡϾҶѿɲǺöԸŮˣĬΨһĶӡ
ĬˣڼвҶҲ˵ʲô
һĿʶĬ飬вɴŨŨĽź͵ġ
ʵЩʱĬѾˣֻǶûϾվȫ̡ǱҲˣҼһĬװȴֵĮ
˻Ĭ飬ӲһǴСһ鳤ӸǿĬϵŬʵⲻҪõĿ϶ȴֱ汻ָ϶ù
Ӧ뵽˲
ĬǲɹһĨЦݣڸ׾μӼʱѾ׼ˣһĬĺףĿӹĽŵ⣬һů
΢΢ҡͷǿ¶һЦݣİɣôҶͦˣı򵹡һж˲𣡡
СһĿⲻɿһǰЩˣлһ˿壬Щ˲˵ͳͳ˸Ҳ˭ˣ۸Ĭǵ۸
ˣ㲻Ҫѹ㻹ң
СĬĶ쵽ƤëĥĬֱۣԼİ취οĬ顣
ɵãĬҲǸůˣܷʲô߻ôĹСڡ
ԣһǣ
ĬһСĶͷξöԼжʾԼҲǺĬվһģò˵֨֨֨سĬǰצԴ
ģҪжɰҪɰĬһɣ˱ˣҲܹԡ
ĬƺĲˣӲ΢΢һһ²ż˵īҪǳȥɡѾǰЩ۵˺úÿ۽У˵ҲǼȻһѾ̫ˡ
СҲһӾһ˫˵ĺǾˣǿɱȥǿ
ĬûжҪͷ˼ҲѾɲˡ
ЩЩ飬͵ͿĲġ
ã߰ɣô˵ջǣܲƽ޹ŽãĬһӵ˵ͷȴԺ˳ȥǻֱ仯ˡ
ƺ֣ԭǶôͳˡ
ĬǺЦϻվһֻ׵С꣬ƺҲûղʲô
Ĭĳڴҵǰܽܵģݺݵصɴ˫ۣĬ㣬ôܡôܻţĻҲҺôȥеľһ㶼ڲزˣŨŨĳޡ
˾Ȼû
а˰ͷôܹɹӹ֮ǰϾѾаźҪ˵ĬСӶڵʵĬȻĳɹˣ
Ŀ⣬Ĭ˿Цݲɸˣü΢ôҺܾȣѵǵҲԸ⿴Һúûţ
ǵȻϣĬǵ˾ˣĬҪôȡĬΪҵأӼ֣ɲΪܹɹȥĬֻĽûԸˡ
Ȼܵô˵˵ĬĻȴѾǰĬ˲֪ٴΣ޲ֱˣȴҪ¶Цݡ˭ǴеƫƫѹӣԲܳ֡
ôأܹƽǴҶҪĽ
ϺòײǿЦݣôŶޱȵĹѿ
֪ͺáܹĬҲˣ˵ͷĿȴ䵽λáɵ¶СһNɪЦݣģҲͼϵС꼫ΪơףǶѾսƷ˰Լأҿ
ȻĬзǳ͸ղһʱ䣬ʲôʱ׷ʲôޡ
⻰ڴӣĬǹģĺĺ
ݺݵس˳ǣĿһ䣬ûԼޣݺݵضĬ֮ǰֻˡ


32 ǿƴ1
ô˵棬ίҲ˵ֻб
ݺݵһϸԼǧܶ΢ƽһ㣬ĨҪЦЦĻȱŤ
Ǻǣղ淢ȺûüԼޡѾõõˣNɪʲôҶûܹԼޣҲ̫⡣أʲôǿޡ
УĬȻƽƵȵǷֿ֮һĵضһصĵطǶһ١ҲĬãűסԼСȻҪ˵ĬԼʲôޣܴһֻͨӾͺܲˡ
⣬üһ۸ĬǵӦ֡
٣Ҳ̫ˣܹƽѾܲˡƸսֵʱĶ˰ɣֻ˵Ĭǲ涼ûнȥһֱ棬Ȼ֪淢ޱ
Ŀ⣬мĿһĬͺԼѾʵһϵɫҲԽˡ
ǺǣʵҲûʲô˭֪ȽסԼҪġ
Ȼ⻰ʵҲ˵ڳеĿǾûֱ˵ǿĬʵ֮ǰĬֳ֣ôҾС
⻰Ҳò˵񶾣ȷΣգһĬΪΣգֱӶպôлһҡ
ǾԲҪһֻ֪ܵļ
ǿǲ˵Ŀ⣬Ϊܱ˵ٶ࣬ɲܻʵ࣬ھԵʵǰһеԶɿջ
Ĭһ䣬һܵˣȻǵ϶ı飬ɵϵЦҲԽˣƺԽԽ˼ˡ
ĬϰΪûоʲôõģӵһȥǳܵĵĬǰ棬Ǻ˵ʲôīŲֵ棡ǡ
ܷ˶ٱ仯άѾ͸ԼĹһ
ǺǣĬҳϣҲԣɾһث֣涼ҽȥڵȻҲҳˡ˵ҲǼΪģ̱˵ʱӲˡ
վĬϵСĬһ˫ǳɫӱԽұɫЩС˵ˣߺߣ֮󲻺úʰǣ֪Ĭд㣬ڸչʱĬѾС꣬Ȼ᲻Ҫ˵ֱ깵ͨͺá
ȻСΪĬĵޣ޵ϾԲܼ̤ڳЦĬͬʱСоڳЦԼһ֮һҲԲС
ںСôʰЩˣҲǺˡ
Ĭӵ䣬ֱӰԼߣЩ˳ªĿлһ˿â
ôᣬĬ飬ҵȻ᲻ˣûҵȻҲϡĬƽ䵽Уǿ˼ȷҲǣڵĬҲҪߵһֻ߹
ˣǳʲô
һŭȣ˳Щ˵ͣ
еǾλһ˿ļĬͲˣ֮ǰǳܹõԼĸ׵Ŀ϶
ôʱ䣬ĬԹٰ취Լܹһɹϰ䣬ѾþȫһδδۣĬûк¹ҲҪõ׵Ŀ϶ɡֻһûУһ䰲οûС
ںܾ֮ǰĬоѾˣԼ׵Уĳ裬˺һ۶˷ѡ
ĬҲʧˣȥϣһò飬ϧԼӵеģԵñȽɡѾԸʳİҲûжϣֻһ׾ȻĿȥмѹġ
Ŀ⿴ĬżͲСĬúܺÿµպҶѣԼûжƵĵط
ԼжûкúÿһԼӣĬſԼдŨŨĽ֮飬ڳ˺ı֮⣬쿴Ϥĵطʱı˺ܶණҲ˺֮ĸ顣
ڵĬп¸Թ׵ģӲ˵ʲôݡ
ʱԵһѡĻᣬԼǻһģһѡĬȷʺҵֻʧܸóλãȻӸʺδҵˡ
е뷨Ĭô²ء
ֻȴǲҪĸױƽ󽻸˭ĸ׵̬ȡ׿ˣĸֻжѹ
ףһˡ䲻κ𣬶죬ĬҲа㵨ӡ


33 ǿƴ2
첻΢΢üܾμ֮ҲԽԽԼˣĬɢǹƣ𾪡
ţĬԲЩ˵һֻ͵͵ֵΧϻŨŨѪζǾɱѪ߳Żеĸо
˾ͺãĸҲõˡһĬ˵ͷĬһֳƣǸ֮Ҳı䡣
ЩѾɣٷı䡣
Ĭǹ˹תͷˣӭҪʵ⡣
ǸղŲǾûн֣һֱΧ˵˵淢ʲôûнȥȻǲ֪浽׷ʲôɡ
Ĭ⻰Ҳ˵ΪҶʶͷȻԼڵ˼άѾĬˡ
ǵһ˵ģǺðĬ㵹˵˵浽ǷʲôղٶѾ˵˳ȺҲҪѧ˵Щѧû˼ˡ
Ȼ⻰Ҳǳ⣬Ҫ˵ЩĽֵˣڳȺңĻХ֮Ҳǲֱ˳Ĭ˵Ⱥ˵ʲô
Щ˵С˼ĬҲغܣΪֻҪܱ˲ɣ
ǹ˹Ҫ˵浽Ƿʲô飬ĬԿ˵һˣɲŪˡ
üһװΪѵӣһҪ˵
ĬΪѵӣҪĽȻҲµĬ϶֪顣
ǺĬֿģڱø֮󣬺ܿȺ淢ʲô飬һ㶼ϲɻŨŨĵģ˵ҺīһҿΪ֤ȥˣҲ֪ȺΪʲôҪī˵ģⲻǿ𣡡
ȷǾΪĬﶼôģǱӸ˳ܸıʲô
ȻŹᣬһ䣬ߺߣղĬԼ˵ģ˵淢飬ǲĽˡô˲ɣ
㣡Ӻݺݵս˫ȭ޲ֱӳȥ
ĬŭЦǹ˹ȻȻԼģȻڡӣｻҰɡӵļ򣬵ҲǺܺõƽ˶Է飬Ȼһ˿ģԸĬ
ӵĺվĬһȦһ۴ϵɫ䣬ЩԼġãȻǶҪһ飬ǽҲôʧ˲ǡ
Ĭ⻰ҲɶرǳĬΪԼӹһ٣һôҶŲɡ
˵Ҳ֧ĬģֻڱҲұֳͱ˵ܿܿڿĬƽֳܿܿеҲ˺ܶ࣬ոսȥʱĬǺһСӵģΪĻ鷳ԼĶѡ
жûʲô˳ȴûпĬ˵ӰܿܿǾöԲԷڿĬʱ򣬴Ϊ˵˾ˡ
㣬пʲô֮ǰܿܿΪɵţʲôûվ˳ʾԼ
ĬǼǵܿܿģ벻ʱСŮ˾Ȼվһܿܿ˿̱ĴмãҶ֪֮зȺһ㣬ҲᵣģЩȺ᲻ΣǰյİΣ
˵ĬĿ䵽ϣһĳƺɼˣǸӣڴҶܸܵĬ֮Ĺϵûжٺá
ĬԼʲô̬ȣἰȺ飬ͲòӢע⣬Ŀһ䣬ī㵽֪ʲô˵ԾҲŨŨУԲ⣬ǰյİοȴҪеΡ
֪ȺǹغµİΣɲǿԸ˵˵ͺõģ֮ǰһԻŲ˵⻰˵ǾʧܣټԱúһĬ̼Լαװ
Ĭǹ˹ûзʲô㷴ˣҲŲǡ
ڲҵûк˵ʱҪĲȺ𣡡
֮ǰǱֳǰյİΣǸ˻ĬͲܽˣ⻹Žһʼˡ


34 ǿƴ3
Ҫ˵ʲôֱܿӱϸˣױȱ˶ôܱ꣬ȱҪͨһЩһڵĬȷòһˡ
Ҫ˵˵浽׷ʲô飬ȻκҲԲĬĻ֪ʲôֻһֱ˵ȥܿͻ˵ķУϣһҪ˼ԡ
Ȼ϶ѾﵽǿߣѹĬ飬Ҳ˿
κǹ˹Ĭˮƽܹѹ֮²ֱŵ˫ȹؾѾܺˡ
ȻĬҲܵͻȻϵѹ΢΢üĿ䵽ϵϣһǲɹһĨЦݡҲͻİ취в
ò˵ϲڣ⹦ȷ˵ãʵģѹһûеϣĬл滤壬µĹͷҪֵˡ
ҧݣͦñֱָģԲֳܱκһ㵨ӵӣݺݵسһ䡣
κлһ˿ȣȻѹ֮»ܱסҲǲĬҲֻҪֻ谭·κһݣӴ˷Ĭϵѹȴǳע⣬E˿ǡ
СƯĺĨɫԽ۸ˣͷӻǲҪˣЦЦ첻úʰһ£Լ޵ͷˣ
ϵѹĬȻСĹͣСһȥһѹҪ΢Ųһ£һڵǹɫ澹Ȼתͨ˳ˣ
ղκͷѹʱĬڵɫʶʼתĬֿЩѹЧǺԣȻڸղһɲǣɫͻȻһӱǿ
ĬظܵⲢΪѹСԵʣΪڵøǿˡ˿ĬھȼİҹĻɫ֮Ѿ˾飬пԼڵɫֳССһƣ֮һԼϵЩƣ
ֱǿһµĴ½һ
ĿһתһܵˣȷԼ֮⣬ûκܿϳֵҲɰһЩɫ滹ǴԽĺðְ
Ҫ˵ʱκҲǾȣѾӴѹĬȻ㷴ӦûУڵǸṦˡ
һѲСǵõʲôɣǵֿѹԺһҪĬ϶
ȻƤҲǼģһ㶼ûоԼһʲôõġ
κҪջԼѹһʹȻоʲôڹһһţȻҲ˲ʰĬеȥԿͷ۲У
ڳôˣκԼԿ˵ΪǿˣھȻﻹܹ͵Ϯβп־塣Ѳʲôڱ󱣻ĬСӲӹһ٣ڸ˾ְ취Լ
κԽô룬Խǿ־壬ɫĿ¡ɱ˵ĻĬڶѾκͱˡ
СԼβͣˣ㿴úòãͷӣͷźã
ʲôˣСղųκע⣬Էʩչ깥Żκͷ۲ѡ
ĬһůȻСҲΪ˸ֻһڶ괫ԣЦЦҲСһ㣬Щ˶Ǻˣ֪ԲŹġͷӾͷһ
κ֪С޾β꣬һ취С꣬˳ûо֮ǰһսĬҲС꣬ǶԪˣǲ˹籩¶
ĬţСԺΪһܺõİ֣õϵĽ
С΢΢˵ͷİɣҲµģﻹǺܿĵģĬڹ
ˣΪҪľȺ飬ī˵˵Ϊ˵ǲõȺǣΪ飬Ĭʹ֮Ķš
ӭԼڴĿ⣬ĬֻóѣҲֻõʱײŻֳһһ
ȺֻһʱҳʱȺѾƽˣȻȺ幥ǵ顣ĬõĻشˡ
ȺѾƽˣ
⻰һ컹˶⻰رǿЩĸҰһӶɽģⱲӶǡȲüԸҲҪӳ֡
ȻĬȻ˵ȺѾƽˣΪžһЦ
⻰㲻˵ۿЩҰޣôܻһƽҪѣҲ鷳һһɣ


35 ţ1
Ĭ⻰Ȼ˵ˣȻоݵģܲĿտ˵׻ɡ
ǹ˹Ȼܶ˶Ǻ͸ղ˳ͬ뷨ĽҲѾԤϵˣҪҲһ׵顣
Ĭ⻰ڸҪĻǾǴеЩҰ޶ӳ˲ɣһһѷĳָ֮֮»صԼϼҰȵزͺˣ
īĿЩ޶»ɽ棬ȫƽǼ׼һһ˲˲ضĬͿȷĬû˵ѡ
ȻĬѾǹȥףĬԲѡ
ĬȻҲף֣صص˵ͷȷԼ⻰ʵԡ
ǵģղҳʱ򣬵ȷЩ඼Ѿƽ½½صԼȥˡ
Ϊ淢˴򶷣һ;βټʵǿİҹǳȷǲֶһ죬Ȼ඼Ǿֵ˳ںһѾİҹ뿪СҲĬ˳Ȼ»ָƽ
ЩҪңС޵ѹҲʲôֵ顣
Ĭ⻰һ䣬ԭ߸ڿƽһ£ȺôͻȻ֮ƽôףʵ˾Ȳѡ
ĬȻõ˴ҵĿ϶˵ܽܵˣɺݺݵս˫ȭ벻ĬôãȺҶûܰŪҲ̫Ŵˣ
ǲ֪浽Ƿʲô飬ЩȺôôͻȻĿȻȺѾôǲǿ¿ʼĻһһ֡
Ȼղŵ֮ҵ⼸ȻҲЩҵӵȥðգεļƱѾһ䡣
κҲܷ½֡
ˣȻȺѾεļҲǰɡ
ȻκͷҲܲܽܣҲܸı䡣мɵǸں汣ĬǿߣκŹĬҲͲһ
ڸղ˵ĹȺ飬ﻹǷĲ¡֪ܾܲ彲һ濴ҲǷһȺԭ򡣡⻰˵úлһ˿ŨŨơ
Ĭ˵һȻղŵһӡҪͳͳΪˡ
֪ҶҪַ֪Щ쳣ԭ򣬡Ĭǹ˹ҪҲһ׵飬īĿһС
˵Ĭͣһ£ûֱ˵ȥ˵һȴŲ˵ģ͸Ҫôżˡ
һʶʳ㵽׿ʲô
֮ǰ֮ԻֱΪסһֻΪߵϻʱһλǰںֻ޻ҲǾҵĻХԭ򡣡ĬٵĻǲ˵Ļɡ
Щ˵ҲǼٵģȷ֮ǰİҹںͺһǾЩޡһսĬԼҲУͲ˵ˣ˵ˣҲû˻Űɡ
ɽо޻
һҹѵодԣʵһֻΪǿޣռмõλã𾪡ôĬݵľ޻¾ȱǿеֻްɡ
ھȻ˸ֻޣⲻΪ
ҵ汲ѵ˵ԲȥֻޣԲʲô˶ܽģȻŭޣһǶҪᣡ
ھȻ˸Ҷֻޣⲻǰڿ
ŭޣ޾޻һʱ˾ˣղŵȺǸոտʼˣɫϾ
ֻȺеҲǲƷסЩȺŭޣôԲܹܵסˡֱӾҪ˵ܵõ⡣
ôأ㿴λǰţǲǰŭ޵˸ץ֮󽻸޴ˣǲǿԻеĳޣҲԲǰˡ
ҲҺĬв֪ⷬ뷨ȻһӿΪˡ
ȻվһĽǶ˵ȷúܵλκ鶼ҪάǵİΣվ˽˵ĽǶϣĬͲͬˡ
һλǰѾ뿪ˡ
ѾµѾ뿪лǿƲסʧǸ˶ˣҪô죡
ʱ򷴶ȷӦһǧһĬ˵ʲô
ǰȻѾˣ־޻ˣŭľ޻أȥ𣡡ʵҪ˵ǣֻ޻ô꣬ôôԱ˶ûпǸˣôĬҧ߰


36 ţ2
⻰Ҳʳе뷨ǸԼһȥֻв֪˶ľ޻Ѿһ˿ӵеˡ
ڳм仹ֲԹ޵İɣνǰԱеûȥŭ޻ǻ˵ܵõٺôӵ뷨ˣǺһĸΪԼһܲ׽ޣԼ˵ļӵˡ
Ȼһжûˡ
Ĭ΢΢˹ʲôʱ˵İҹǱһ˵ˣİҹԸԼվҲԸߵİɡ
λǰշֻ޻޻ǰԼ֮һ뿪ˡΪûо޻ĴڣŵҲǶȫˡ
⻰лŨŨĲ˼飬Ȼշֻ޻Ȼֻ޻ʲôͷ汲޻ѾһܴܵĴڣھȻշ
շ˾޻ֻޣдŨŨľȺͲ˼飬ԵĻҲϣԼ֮һλˡǵΣҲӴˣһֵף顣
κһеֻޣΪҵĴϣҲšйһ£֮ǰʳɹĻֻҲûʲôӮİգӲ˵ʧˡղžλǰڰĬҪúÿһºжˡ
ԭˣô˵Ҫ˵ǲȻȫĿЩȻɬôŶǳԲ˵ĸо
ĬϣҲÿһ˶ôõġ
üһֱӳˣʱҲûа취ˣ㲻ҪԼ޵𣬿ûвɱʲôˣôҪһֻ޻İɡ
֮ǰ֮ʱжôĸ߰ĬҪͳͳȥ
ݺݵս˫ȭѣ֪Լ˶ٵǿס鷢飬ʲôûУôҲĬҪǿһ㡣ΪԼܻŻѾ˲ɣ
Ǻǣҡ
˵ʲôѵÿüĻᣬӵȻҲŹˣǰ˵īͲ֪ˣ֮ǰַô飬ʲôʱȥ׽ԼӾͲһˣһˣ϶ѾԼԼޡ
⻰˵ҲǼΪˮƽߵһĸ߶ȣʵûʵһĵһˣػкܶ˲ͬɡǴϵԸ
ţҲǣϾһĬڴ͵ЦüЦ⣬Ա⻹Ǻ˼Ĳǡ֮ǰ˵ˣȻᲢˣ
Ĭһһͣ˵һ䷴Ļ˵
ԼʲôޣеĳɼͨӵܶҪ⡣
ǱӣѵܳĬãüһ˵ϵҲúҲҴˣԼǴҿźã
ĬﳰЩһֱӵȻԴС
һʱվĬᣬƾʲô˵ӣѲԼʲôޣղôʱ䣬ǲ񵽵ǱϷˣһǹģ
֪˵⻰Ĭ΢΢㣬ƺҲ˶ԷҪ˼΢΢ͷϵЦݻôҪЦݰ
ŶŶˣԭûԼްĬܿĻָ⵽͸ɼĻⲻʲôûǿϧˣ֮ǲܵõˡ
ĬϱֳŨŨĿϧĿ䵽УȴԵøӵĳ
ͲҪĬĿݺݵս˫ȭ޲ֱȥһȭĬϣô
ֱĶĬ裬һĬѪĴۣ
΢΢˹ǺǣЩϧûܵõõĳɼҲø˻ᡣ
ôҪĻӲɺݺݵس˳ǣƤ̶ܺȣҲֻһˡ⻰˵ĺǹһ
ŶŶˣĬͷƺһԭΪ˸˻ᰡҲǣôûãҲˡ
˵ҲãҲõɫĬϵЦݾͲɲ˼֡ûǹģҲҳϡ
ע⵽˲ôÿɫ֮пɴͲȱ֮ˣټμĽҿɶĲ˾˭ҲԸԼȱ˲
ߺߣ⻰˵ĲˣΪҵǲҲӦðãĬ˵ȥⷴӦҲǺܲġ


37 ֻޣ1
⻰֮ˣڳ˭ĬСͲܾ䣬ܹгɹѾǲеңܸʲôá
ĬһЦǾ͵⻰ˣ
ԭΪܿĬѿȻȴѾǽˡ
СԼĺ۾Լǿʼ˰ﻹҪСˣ
Ĭ΢΢ѽҾͲ˵ˣҲ֪ģӵĳɼ
֮ǰҰעǷĬϣһֱǰӵĬߵĸˣû˰ĿӵϡھĬѣ˶ɿӣѲﻹԼ޲ɣ
⻰ȻҲ룬ûֱ˵ġ
ȻͲһˣĬӣѾ顣ղֱĬôˣһسӣԺ󶼲ȥˡ
ǺǣѲӳɹԼޣ
еĳغܡ
֮ǰ⻰һҪԱѣȻãԼ֮Ҳõ˲ٽڻƶȻ͹ȥһˡ
ĬһۣǰһĳֻСҲôҶסˣ
Ǽô᲻ʶ
ⲻ֮ǰսֵʱǼ׷ֻãȴǹɵվӵԱߣⱳĺȻҲѾǳˡ
ǣ
˿ɲʶֻãѾµӦһֻޣǳߣ˲ܽܡ
ÿӵĺû飬˵Ĭĸ֮ΪҪĴˡڱҪõΪԲܷŹ
ֱֱͦģ΢΢°ͣ¶һĨɫһֻޣ
ޣ
һֻޣ
֮ǰоѾµϣ˾Ȳѵĸо
ܶˣĵһȴû뵽ȻǴҸӣķǺܾ˵ġ
˶иԵҲ˵ʲôμıţʵڴ˵ûжӰ죬ôԼټǵʧ󣬷Щԭûпǰʮӵӵ˻ᣬȻҲǼΪõˡ
˭ǵһǶûʲôֱӹϵ֮ӴӰԼ棬ʲôûйϵ
ȻΪˬľԾǼԭãھȻӵģֱѾˡ
ЩҲνȣеȻ쳣εǴϰźõĸıģǷĬκϵÿŹ֣޲ɱѪˡ
ݺݵضֻãǲ׽ãǾȻ˱ɣ͵ǵá
⻰Ӿȥˡ
ߺߣ˵ǵ޾ǵðӶҲ㲻ˣһ˫Ŀɵôģƶòһˣ⻹Լã˵Լޣǲ׽ޡǵҲǸó֤
ô˵һҲǺܿµġ
ôһףҲ˵ʲôˣֻܺݺݵصӣƲʲôûп
ˣҲҪˣ˭Լ޾˭ġһͺȣ˲еĵ˶
Ĭвɻһ˿ȣҲû뵽ʱȻĻվվһߵġĳһԴΪʱվ˵һ乫ȴҲǼΪ׵ˡ
ģʵⱾ˵ȨҲǺܴ󣬸ʱҪڼЩϡζҲ˵⡣
ˣȻҶѾˣμ˽ھͳһ³ɼȥհ䷢һ£ҲǰҲһβκҪ˵ʲôǰʵҲٶ˵ʲô
һ˫ӥӥлһ˿âβУԺܻа취ʰǣһʱ
ҲǼΪͬġ
һʱ䣬⼸ٸӵܵĳɼͳȫͳϡ
ҪǰͳƽҲôͳˡ
ӹɣ˶ɱ˼ֻ࣬Ʒ֣Խǿõ־ԽߣΪԼãԾǼеĵһˡ
ɼֱӹ֮ǰͷǰĲ棬ÿһӵֶ棬˸Եĳɼ
ɾԼûţһѼ棬Կ˵Ⱳĳ衣
ԼˮƽȻ֪ԼҪԼһѵ飬ûһ֮רɱ࣬˳ɼõļˡ
ȻֵĵҲֻǣҶעԼĳɼڱ˵ΣҲûжע⡣
ĬƳһⲼ䵽ɫһ㣬һ¶һСһЦݡ


38 ֻޣ2
ɼѾڵȻ͵˵е˹ɼʱˡ
쿴ŲĳɼղͳƵĵѾÿ˵ĳɼɸߵкˣֻҪ˳˳ǰʮĳɼͺá
ãڴ˴μĽѾ֮ǰ˵ģǰʮӵнؾĻᣬɼԽߣѡؾ¥㡣
ҵĲؾһõط¼˸书ؼȵϣҵԼõؼԼպϰĪĺôȻԽǾտ书ؼȻܻԵĵطؾ¥Խߣ¼书ؼ͸ӵľ䡣
⻰һܹؾĵиˣλˣȻźˡ
첢Լ⻰ɵ𺳣˵ãĳɼǰʮĳԱֱ£ʮڣھ跽ɣڰܿܿһ£Ĩ룬ڶɹһ
ǰʮĳɼһһ˳μҲ͸һ䡣
ؿһ۴ҵķӦһȻҶûʲôǾ͵˽ɡ
û˳ǰʮЩʧ֮Уܹҽǰʮо͸ӵˡ
һ£ˣӴ˵ͻȻĴϣҲôһ
ӶѾõ˴˴ĵһҪ˵ʲô
ԭλлǰʮȴΪ棬ĳɼȻҲǹһ㣬ԭѹһķﶼõĵһ΢Ŭһ㣬ǰ϶
ҲϣԺɻҪôҲֻܹīˡ
ڿ˵⻰᲻ڷ̲Źˡ
ߺߣ㶼ǵһˣҪ˵ʲôѲ㻹Ҫĵһó֪ĬϵãУøĬҲ˷ѣ⻰Ͳֱ˵Ĭһˡ
⻰˵Ҳûо֣ӵӣпܰĵһøĬһݸȷʵ˾ˡ
һøϿӡ
֪ĹϵãҲ֪ܿܿ΢΢üģԸĬֻϣҪúÿĽܲף㻹ǿɡ
ӶܿܿĿ⣬֮ǰܿܿ뿪ıԹѾϿˣ˭˵ǵǷˡ
Ҫעˣ˵⣬ֲҪνó
ֻ˵ͳƵݴˣмΪı֣ӲҲˣ˵ȻҲвǲļˡ
ղŸͳƵĵһѾغ˼ƹһ飬ôܻء
ûͳƴңˡ
һĽֱԼ˵һҪˣüһͳһ˵ĳɼֱд㣡
ǵ΢΢һ㶣ͳ
ͳ˭ˣȴ˵ˣղλСֵͳڳ˵ĳɼѲҪ˵Ĭɣ
˵ûͳƣֻô⣬ôҲֻĬˡ
ⲻһЦ𣬾īҪгɼܱסԼСͺܺˡ
˵ĬҪˣûĬûн
ԼûʲôϵǾԲĬԲܽܵ顣
˭˵ĬͲһóɼˣӹŲӣݺݵصֻҪٸ˵ʲôˬĻӾֱӳȥˡ
һֱһ˲ҲˣѲɻĬҪ
Ĭ΢΢˹ӵļЩֲ˭ġ
Ĭ˼Ӳ¶һȻЦݣ΢΢ͷתͷҲ ŨŨζ
һܾĿŲͬ⣬ĪĬ
ôܣ
Ժиջһ뷨ܿͱˡ
лŨŨĳǺǣ˼Ĭɼ˿
⻰Ҫ˵ţڳ֪ˣû˻Ĭܳ¡
ĬһǳĿ⣬˼ĬͲܵõʲôóɼˣĵõóɼҪΣ
һĬЦǺǣĬû˯ܽμǰʮ͵ǰͷ
ĬεҲǾˣʧѾ̣΢˵ؿͷһ˵飡
˻棿
ǵȻǰʮĬȥλӰɣϾҪһܴǿ⻰˵ĺҪĬλȥԼźλ𣡡


39 ؿͷ1
ĬĶҪţƺģЦˣȴһ㶼ֳܱƺΪѵšüģȻģҲǱƵ˾òӦһ
ʵϣĬˣɵӣҪĬȻ˵棬Ĭؿͷǲľʡ
ڲ֪࣬ȻòײŴԷĻᣬ˾Ͳˡ
Ĭݺݵս˫ȭһСţҲΪⷬΪѵӣĬģ͸ӿ϶ˡ
ⳡΪܰĬΪ˳ĬΪҵ׼ͨⳡģĬܹλȥȴҲܶ鷳ˡ
ȷ⻰Ҳ˵κĿȻκܾʲô鱻Ǹԣ׮鲢ûôýҪֹôõĻǰˣȷ̫ϧ
üһ֪ĬңһȴռõһС
Ĭ㲻ΪҵռλãȴʲôΪܽǰʮܷ㣬Ȼڳежŷ㣡
˵ʲôŹĬˡ
ĳѾȲҪĬҲEعһ˼ǲȻˣҶ뷨ֻܽˡϣǲҪڡ
ԲڣڵõĬĻشһϲȫ˼ˡ
ӱЦҲǱúˣڵõ˿϶Ļش̲סЦīȲҪؿͷǵȻҲʧˣ
⻰һڳϵɫҲüΪӣĬѲڲʲô
īɡ쵽ĬĸףҵļѾǼ򵥵ļӵ֮Ĵģ漰ѡò֣У˶Ұޣ
ͳĿŲĬϣʾԷȻĬԵվͺû˵ʲôһֻǰվ
΢΢̧ͷĮĿ⣬Ĭ΢΢˳ǣûޡ˵⻰ʱĬϲûжٸ仯ڳһʵˡ
Ĭشлһ˿ʧղžȻĬĻõʲôõĳɼ˵˵ˣǸ߿ԼӡĽҲǺõģĬλȥиõѡȥ
ĬλҲסҶѵʱҲһ
ֻԲϣԼ˽ġ֮󣬲ڿӱֳ츳֮ѾҪĬˡĬλҲ÷Ķ
һ˵Ѿʼƫ֮󣬲ܶԷٶܴ࣬ﵽҪҲˡһϣĬˣ׿Ҳϣúõİɡ
ôѾˣɼûͳƴ˵תͷӣȾŨŨҪΪԼõĵһͿ
Ӻݺݵس˳ǣҲ벻׼ĬôõĶӣΪʲôͲĬأ
Ҳû˵Ĭвɱʲôް
֪ĽˣĬڻʲô˵ģϵЦôڲزסƺѾĬ˳Цӡ
ŵģ΢΢ҡͷĬģ䵽УֱӱĬѾˡ
ãȻѾ޻˵ôô˵棬ĬԺͲҵˡģǼĶӣ㲻Ҳġ
⻰˵ĿţԼͿֱӴ˼һԴ¡
Ǻǣûвɱκ࣬ҲʾˡĬƵض΢΢˹еɲһָоڿ
ȻҵķСˣ
ԽѾˣ㻹ʲôҪ˵ģղôڳݲ
ûӴҪɡ
ȷûвɱ࣬ǿʲô
һֱվĬСһһʱĬ뷨һԾĬļվڴҵǰСѩѩ׵ƤëյģȷǺϲ˲ɲ˼ֺøУõǱȽϲ
֮ǰҶûע⵽ĬϵֻС꣬⻰һ䣬˵ĿⲻԾ䵽Сϡ
Ĭ㲻쿪ΪץһֻΪʲôްɣЦˣһֻ껹浱ɱˣ
Ҳ룬Ц
ꣿ


40 ؿͷ2
꣡
С裬þβޣߵĴڣھȻһ޴˵Ǳ꣡ǿҲ첻Ҳ
ĬҲҲԼ˵ҲˣȻҪЦЦҪ֪Сɲʲô۸ƴģĬʱҪͷۡ
ȻĬڣֻǰһһĨҵעֻ༫ΪɰСϣ׹һǰͿֻСˡ
أʹʹʹ
ʶסԼֻȺĺʲôһȻʺʺѪѪ
˭˭˭ŪңԼ࣬ԭشţһ˫ӥĿ⿴ԱߵˣҪҵ˭ŪԼ
ڳе˶ʶס˺ղǶûпǷʲô飬һĨ׹ĬߵֻСʧӰ֮ĽкǶޱ֮ˡ
ֻС꣡
Ҫ֪˵ʵҲȻһֱߣʵҲѾʿһףֻСϣֻһУֱ˶ԷСҪɱڿ´ҿľһʬˡ
һʱ֮䣬նˣһĽкҲû˿ڣԼһ仰˵ĲãһαֻС˾Լ
С깥һҲһֻ꣬ôҲҪöԷ֪צӵ
˳سСһתڴҾĿ˦һβͣȻԼղŵжǸ˶ٵľȡҡڵĬĬһò˵СղŵжҲܹ񫣬˵ͷſ˫ۣСһԾĬĻ
ܵĬͿ佱Сӽˣ΢΢˫ۣʶʾ⡣ˣӦøһɫȻΪ۸ˣȻС̣
̣ۡƺǹ⣬СԳƣĬɵЦ˳¶׵Сһһγһ𺳡
вɲһֹĸоӴԺһжᷢıˣ
ղŴҶ˵ҲûзӦĬһЦɺݺݵȭھȻǱĬˡ
ĬЦʲô
ⲻǺڵ𣬿˾ȻҪӲĽܴ̼Ĭ΢΢˹ôñʧأ
ЦʲôȻЦ㰡˾Ȼ˭֪ǸЦˣԺǱ˸ɱˣҪ𶼲֪˭
ī⻰Ͳˣ΢΢ҡͷɳС¶һĴָղһʵ̫ˡȻᱻɱˣﻹܸԼ𡣹ҪԼ𰡣ĻԶµͶ̥ˡ
ĬüһûпԭⶾЧ
΢΢ͷţӣ⻰˵̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
Ĭô˵ţֻԼǱݺݵش˻ԼһֱˣܿסԼƢˡ
ĬҪɱ㣡
ѾǶûˣֻҪֱӸɵЩЦԼˡ
ߺߣֻ˵һʵ߳ŭ˰Ĭһһ߹Ҫ˼ɵˣת㲻úÿ߹ųҧ˾Ĳˡ
жףһֱȻͬǼͨӵܣôܻͨӵӵиõԴⲻΪͶһõˣĬ˵ģ߹ݾȻҲǱУ
ԭҪվں濴ھͺãȻĬѾˣȻӲ
˵ʲô˴̼ҲƲסˣҲŲ߹ĬҽһҪɱ㣡˵ԼϵĳֱӳĬȥ
ü΢ȻûҪֹֻưˡ
ͨλᣬȥĬǾٺòˡ
飬Ҳܺߵ̫ӵԲΪӰ졣Ѿһûõӣڶ֮ǰһãƵ˵õĽ
Ĭɣ
ڳее뷨
һ޸֮ķһȴʿһ׵ſټȫһԼ϶ƽ£Ӳ˵Ĭˡ
һͣղŷһ̫ͻȻٶ̫죬ҪȥĬҲѾˣ
СŮԶ˫ۣĿĬѪһĻǵ׺Ĭԩ޳Ҳ뿴̵һĻ
һʶս˫ȭҪȥĬȻҲѾ
ī
ȻҶ˸ղ˵һĻˡ


41 ؿͷ3
ҪĬҲҪԼмＸ
Ҫ˭죬һȫٶȣСУ̫ˣ
Ҫ˺ĬҲҪЦЦܲͬˣļ˻ҪɱˣһľԼ
ǸղĬ˿Ц˵һĴģµԼôĶ֪ҪѧűɱˣԼôĶ֪

һĲҽգҪƴҵĶĤˡ
Ĭʵ̫˰첻СԼߣڵϵ˾ԼˡܿܣǱҳ£ȴҲǸӼĬѵԼʵˡܲԺСɣСв⣬ĬҲȥԼһء
Ѿ׼һʹģԼûܳɹֹ֣ǵĬɥȪʵĬҶԲ㣡
Ȼ⻰һԵøͻأˣϴҾĿ⣬Ҳסˣ˿ڵϻѪˣȻĬ
ˣ
֪ôģڵϣĴѪӿȻһȴѾûжصڵϡ
⣬⣬ôܣݺݵզ࣬ȻǱǰһĻŵˡ
ĬлŨŨĳΪʲôأ㿴ԲʧˣûܳɹɱҡвκԣؿǰһĻ·ʲô鶼ûзһ
΢һ£ȻҲ׹Լ˿̵ɫܲӦãϵľȺͳ޿ϧҡͷôϣĬҲֱӱֳ
īôҪأúõģ̫ˣ˵ΥĵĻҲֻ㣬㾹Ȼɱ
ôûа취ףǸ˾ȻĬ
šһ֣ĬҲֱӳɱСɶģɱҲûʲôˡ
ԭл԰οԼǲǲ´˰ˣĬһ϶ȴοԼĿܶˡĬ
Ҫ˵жжѹǲܵģ˵ҪԶֻԼܰĬһ
һܿһϮͷϱֳŨŨ̾Ϣʹ࣬Ĭ֪ղϮǲԣҲֱɱмѵӷڶȴɱˣ
ƺ˵ôһ㻹ȫ˵дŨŨǴ𣬲֪˻ΪĬʲôŭԹ飬ԲŻֳʹϧ
ī֪ҴвҪô֪飬Ҳε˵ȷǺѶȣҲܡ
⻰˵ģĬΪҴĬʵĬ߳ŭɱ
⻰ҲֻƭƭԼˣȻһЩôӵˡ
ֳ׷ʲôڴǰܲΪ仰ͷıġ
Ĭǹ˹Ǻǣ⻰˵ĵҲͦ˼ģǲֻվﱻȻҷдˣɣô壬վǱߣһɣ㲻Ҫ㣡
Ҳ֪ʲôʱĬóԼЯĳ˵žҪķȥ
һʲôʱ˵⻰ˣʶˡ
ȻҲǺţĬɱжĬҲһֱܵĿ־塣
Ҳ˼㲻Ҫ
ʲôʱ⸱⻹濴źȤأ
ȻĬҲģȻȥȻҪ˵˲ܽܣκǸͷӾ͵һŪˡСǺģŲ˷ϡ
𳤽زųôʲôҲ˵˵ˡҵļѵҵȻӵ֮䲻˽ԶŹ֣Ļһ˵ˡ
ղûпôģôܻûпһĬߵֻС꣬лŨŨľ衣
ֻС޵ʲôƷ
ѾһˣҲٶȣйƣֻС꣬ٶȵĻҲӲֻСצӡȻΣϱ޸һצӣȻҲˡ
īߵֻʲôƷޣ
һֻСƷֻʳ⻰
ޣ
Ĭߵֻ۵С꾹Ȼһֻޣ
ڿС˲䣬Ҳй뷨ȴԸϡ˶ô˵ˣôһֻޣ
ĬԼޣ
ĬȻһֻޣ
һôԼޣ


42 С꾹ȻһֻƷ
вһõĸоѲɽ̫Ǵ߳ģⷢһϵѾȫ˴ҵĽܷΧ
Ҳ˵ַ˰ѵһȺ¼òǰȻӽҳ˵һټҪȡĬȻĬһ
ƺڼ˵ĬվһֻޣҲôԽˡֻǴже㲻ƽˣô鶼Ĭˣ
ǴԭʶǸ
ֻ˵ʵô꣬ĬһֱڲԼʵڱЩ˸ŭˣдŹʣ֤һԼʵ
ЩǴеĲ²ˣǺĻǣֻôɰСֵʲôƷ֡ż˼ֻƺҲǵƷޣȻҲľȡ
¼ĺǵĬϲɣܵõƷ޵ıɲʲôеĴ
һ޾ͱҪܶ࣬ѾһЩǣԲűΪޣ޿ԸԼǾһرԽǸ߼ޣҲԽߣδķչǱҲԽߣγԼ˫ܵõ洦
Сһлһ˿ŨŨĳȻ˵ޣǸƷҲ
޾βȴǱ˵Щ޴ĶСʾԼܲˬ
ĬС˳ëСһеİڿɲǸߵʱ򣬵͵²á
Сһ˵ĺۣðɣԼһӣúЩ˼ƽϡ
Ĭһۣڱ˵ޣѾίˣܲܰ˵ֵƷ׵ްɡȻĻ޸ģ
ǰСģĬԽԽϲβǲǶް
׼ô˵ǾβЦЦѾΨһһֻβˡСĬʶ𣬲Ǿ仰ҲŨŨį
ֻһˣҲҲһͬ࣬һֹ¼Ÿкѹӿ
Ĭһͣ벻СѾûʲôˣһϣи˼ϧ
ЦЦԺԶߣ㲻¶ġ
ĬİοСеʹҲ˺ܶ࣬ˮ㴿ģĬһһצӣ֮ĸ˼֡
ĬС֮ĻȴΪĬżڼϵ˼ҪĬˣ˵һõĻᡣĬô͹źС꽻鰡ʲôʱ鶼ûⰡ
ī㻰أѵ
Ĭһ۹ǲģҪˣֻһ͸˵ģȴѾôܹůˡ
΢΢ͷԴڴĿ⣬˫شСӦһֻ߼ޣʲôȼҲ˵Ĭ⻰û˵ȴҲ϶ֻ޵ĲͬѰѾǳˡ
ĬܵĻشСеҲͦģٲĸұһȼȻеЩ֪һЦģȻҲСˣͷųϢʲô۵޸С
Ǳ¶ˡ
īֻ޿ѾԼˣ
ĬһֵûУղϸһĬһֻ߼ôԸһ޸֮ͨԼأ
һȻҲѾԼ뷨һĬҲû뵽Լ׾ȻѾʼС궯˼ˡ
ˣᣬĿᣡС겻ͷ𣬡ĸôһ㶼ȻҪҵ⣡СóȻ󣬵ȵ˳ɳβʱ򣬶Ʊ˵꣬˽ʲôȻҲһѵ顣
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣Ŀһ˼ĿԼĸסһȻĺøװⶼҪС궯֣ǲشûԼҪֱСأ
ĬԽ⣬ҲôÿҪرĬͺԼ뷨ѾֱӱĬһ
ôôаţ
īֻޣ㡭
ҲҪô˵Ĭ׳ֻޡ
Уûʲôԣֻиǿ˲ֻޣСĬֻһ˷ѡȻȴûĬʵ΢ûСıİȫӵò֤
ǺǣĬһ£˸⣬㲻öˣѾСԼԼܸıˡ
Ĭ⻰һ˾ȵضҪ°Ͷˡ
ĬĳɹԼֻޣ⻹һֻ߽ޡ
԰ղŵҲһĽˣΪĬԼֻ߽ޣֻޱĬ
ԼҲ˵ĬˣֻСҲҪòĬİȫ
ĽȴԽܣ΢΢鶯˫ѾԼֻ߽ޣ
һֻ߽ޣĬεºܣ


43 
ȻУĬһȻȴһֻ߽Լˡԣһ̡
ǵģѾֻСԼǿͨ͸ղҪңҲСҡһϣĬҲƭˡ
ȻС֮ƽԼԼǸѣùϵĬԣСǺһС飬СǱЩαҪúܶˡ
лŨŨʧҲֳֻܱܵ˵ͷţīĺܺãûиҶ
һ佱кܶԲ԰ȻĬҲѾˡ
ҲܸܵĬͼ֮ĸңһ̾ǶĬʹϧԭܻӭڡ
ˣѾ֤īԼһֻ߽ޣôĵһȻīˣüһĶЦݣĬӮǱԼӮ˵һҪøˡ
⻰һȷǺܺõˣĽȷǾˣ벻ӮǸȴӮ˼ĵһ
Ľ˭ǰʮϲ˶ûж⣬κɫΪѿ֮⣬λϵҲͦĽϾĬҵӮĵһȻʵҪߣһֻ߼ʵֿһ¥ˡ
ǿһĽɣȷӮ˵һ
ѾϵһαֳĬĹϵˡ
һĬ˵һȷ˾ȣܵĶ˵Ҳкôİɡ
ãһμĽһĬڶ
ʵҲǸղŵÿ˵ζ˳ŲһλҪ˵ԭʮڣ˷ǼǰʮӵнؾĻᡣ
һϵɫͲôÿˣûа취ʱûϣҲʲôģѹžǣѾʳһʲôûгԵ
ĬҲû뵽Ϊ⣬Լһ˰ɡ
ĬֱҲİڷϵġ
ãĬļ򣬡ī̫ˣǶǰʮأ
΢΢ͷϲõЦݣĬҲɱȾˣǲԾһĨÿĻȣԣǶǰʮǰʮռõˡ
ĽɺݺݵšüģĬеĳ޺ͼʶѾ˶㣬֪Ȼ顣
벻ˣĬôôã汣סСҲˣȻԼһֻ߽ޣԺҪԸ͸鷳ˡ
ǲģ
лŨŨĺ壬˵ز˾ѲɻﱻĬ費ɡһܣҶעĬϣҲûעʶ͵͵ߡ
ֻҪߵˣ۲ΪĬҲԺҪԼʵ֮ǰĳŵɡ
õģʵôпᡣ
ôĬ˶ǱǼ۸ڿüˣôܷŹᡣĬֻСǲ޵ʱӾͿʼעĶ̬һм͵͵ˣǲǿϧˡ
ȻԻ֪ĬӮ֮͵͵ߣ
ӣҪȥﰡǼī˽ߣҲԣѲʵҪ
Ӷ˵ֱӾͰеǵС˼˵˳ɺݺݵؽסˣҪЦЦӣҲǼΪıŤ
ǺǣôأⲻҪúúϲһɹӮĵһ
ҧݲ˵ΥĵĻжס˭վϣܰɡ
ôܻûеأ
ƽʱʱֵĺܺƣƺ˭ܺáֺҲЩʵļӵܣҪЩ˸£ȻĬʵõļӣ̬ȾͲôˡȻҲڡ
ͱ˵跽
ǺǣҿҲǣҵӣ˵һһ˵ǶģȻӱˣ跽Ŀ֮ǰͿ˳ۣĬʰҲǺõġ
ݺݵس˳ǣô˵棬֮ǰ˵ĻҪӱҲǲܡ
ضĬͷǳ裡
Ŀ䵽ֱʲôû˵ĬϣһĬ¹Ժ˶ǵý飬ôһȥ
֮ǰС㣬Ǹղ˵Ļ
Ҳ죬Ǹֱ˵˼ҲףҪĬԼ˵ƽĻ
ĬԸ˵


44 ؿͷ1
ƺͲҪʣӹɣĬԲŹ
֮ǰаҪŹĬ˼Ҳ׷Ȼ֮ǰκĽƣĬһҪ۸ôֻԼ㹻ǿ˲пܡ
ҲΪʵȻֻҪһʱ仺һ࣬һĽŻ
Ե˵ʴȣǶԼĳͷ
ҲʶĬҲҪĬʱֻʲôľߣȻĬʵ֮ǰĶԼǰͷҲǲԡĬҵǴ谮ӣʵҲ˵ϵ׸һ㡣
Ĭʵ׻ǲһ㣬վĬһߣڶʱҲûж⡣Ǻԣô꣬ͲĬһֱѹĬ鷢
ĬؿͷҲܹ⡣
Ĭ˵ҲżѣĬ㵹˵ѽĴˣ˸ղŵɡ֮ǰû˵ֱ˵˳
һŵģĬеЦȴǲɸŨˣԭ֪Ҫġ
ǺǣΪʲôҪŹأĬһЦκĻشȴһ֪ͣĬ϶Źġ
ݺݵս˫ȭĬ¹򣬻ȥ
ĬĲܷŹһΣúܴﵽҪĽҲֱвԷˡ
Ĭ
Ȼˣ
ǺǣԼİⲻԸ𣡲øлң˰Ҫ˵ŲȻʲô𣡡ĬһҲһ㶼򵥡
ۡ
ӲںڴЦĬ⻰˼һˬ˵κϲģһˣ
ʾԼĺʹƾʲôҪúõİǣȥúõ˭˰
κһѾĿԵγˮˣĬ⻰ָɣͬʱŰҲһˡܺŹ֣Ҫ֪˭֪ĺվ⵱
һˣ͵ȥɡ
κһȣ⻰е˼ҲԣҪôҶˣҲûĬ¹ͷˡ
Ȼκûֱ˵ڸĬʩѹͲĬӮһ˲ˡѲֱӺɣ
ȻʵϣĬôġ
˵ʲôŹȻѾǺʹϸˣӲ飬Է
ȻκҲΪĬ飬պһôȻˣΪҪأ
Ǻǣ黹ûнأĬǹ˹ôҲӦʵ֮ǰŵԲУ
κһĬʲô˼ͲС
֪ĬҲһͷ࣬Ҳܲˣκһתͷ죬ôѲɾЩСֲɣ
Ҳƫûˡ
֮ǰĬʱ򣬾͸ûһվ˵һƽĬҪͱ˼С֮ĺ֣
Ĭǹ˹Ľ뵽˲ǣ
Ŀ䵽ԼνĸϣֻʲôĻش
ҲΪѣһǴϣһĬ
ĿһܿѾ˿ˣ˵ˣⶼѾǹȥˣӦͬĲźãɢ˰ɡ
컹վκһĬȻѾǵһˡ
Ŀһ֪ĽƵؿĬӮô˭󲻻վһߣ
ǽɫĬһ仯ûУⶼѾϰΪˡ
СĲƽȥˣԼҲûг۰һΡ
Ǻǣ⻹ǺЦĬһ㲻֮ǰ˵ĶԼʵˣͲҪ뿪
ôĬһη̬쳣
СԼеķŭ΢΢˫ۣ֮ǰͿˬˣھ͸ǵƫ̻֪˶ҪɣʵĶӣĬһģĸأ
һסǰĽŲСɲǺǵģ¶צӣצ滹źɫѪȻ֮ǰһצŪļˡ
ѾֻС꣬С֮£ԼûзӦɫĺ۾һΣĬǰ档
ڳе˶ʶס˺ĳĬ¹ˡ
ͷ
ԺһȫʲôܾĿܣǱܵذָʾж
Ժؿͷͷ棬ƵˡȵӦʱԼѾͷŶʼ࣬Ѿɫˡ
ʲô
һǾȡ


45 ؿͷ2
Ҳ벻ԼȻĵô˵棬ĬͷⱲĳ衣
⣬һĬĹ
ӵվݺݵضĬĬ㣬㵽׶ʲô
⻰һҲӦ˵ôôԹԵضĬ¹ͷԭĬʹʲôϷһĻŻǺˬԺ󶼿Եһܺõ̸ˡ
Ĭÿɷʼ磬ʲôⲻʲôҾ֪ǸģԼĻǷƨҺ⡣˵Ĭļ򣬡ʵĲôģҲһҪ㳯ҿͷǿͷҲôʵϰ
˲ģԱߵ˿ŶҪЦˡ
ҪףʱЦһŭ˽ƽϵĴϣȻĺҪЦ̫ЦˣЩΧ۵·˱ЦҲģ
ˣκҲȥ
תͷһߣߣ
춪˶Ѿˣվͽ˵Цɣ
Ĭסˣ
κлһĨֳͲκˣ
֮ǰκûİĬ飬Ѿˣֻг״˶ԷĹͷһеŭ
κ뿪˵ȻҲỹⲻǴ
ݺݵصĬһۣʲô˵϶ˣȻҲû˻˵ˣѵﱻЦɡⶪѾӶûˣʲô˵ֱˡ
ģͲҪ˵ж࿪ˣôǳһأˬ
ī㿴ûУղɫ̫Цˣ
ӲɴЦһ϶ѾˣҲñôˡ
Ĭǹ˹ȻҲǼΪģӵ˵ͷˣǸղôŹҲѾŭ˴ϣպҪСˡͷɲôưڸݵġ
С걣ţκҲӮİգӾͲһˣȻֻǲǻûȫɳҪסӵİȫеѡ
ע⵽Ĭ̬ȵĲмҲˣҲģǱȲް˵ûôñʾԼ֮ǰӸȥǵ۰
ߺߣСĿһɣֻǾؿһã˲ԭевƽð˵ʲôϴ
ҲԣöСűܵη壬һʱ䣬Сϴ󡣶ĬСˣⲻϴϴֻƲĬ
ôһöĬĳ֮Ҳֱ̬ȿνһٰʮȴת䣬ȫ˵ˡ
ӿɲ֪ôһʱ䣬ԼöֱӰĬɳݵĶ˵Ȼ֪ҲЩ
ҲŲأüһôΪǵʱ𣬡һˣܹΪǲɣ֮ǰЩ궼ˣڻʲô
ȷϲܹ Ϊǣѡİ취Ϊǡ
κ˵óĲǹǰشһ֮ҪڱװһһһϣǰЩѧ˸ʮʮ
һ㵹Ҳ˵֮ǰô鶼ˣڵȻҲˡ
ҪעĻҪע⡣
ţ˵ǣԺСŵ㣬ûܶԸң֮϶Ҫ취֣ԺСһûдġĬĽ˵Ҳò˵ܾȡ
ȷǲǰ䷢ʱˣռǰڲؾҪúѡһ£ҵʺԼ书ؼ
˵һ㣬ҲһǣǶҪǿ
棬Ĭϵ׷ʲô飬ҲܸоͺȫһһĬϷʲô飬ԼΪĺֵܣվߡ
ãȻīҲֻͣĬļֻҪĬǿˣһжõġ
Щ飬ȵĬҪʱͻ֪ģһϣͺĬ
֮ȫҪ̫ԣֻҪ˴ܹ׶Է˼ͺá
Ƕ֪ûиı䣬һжܺãҶڳŸõԼչ
ӣβؾˣҪҪһֵĹ£͵ˣҿѵҪµŶĬһûҪӣӣͲֻøԼˡ


46 ĸ׵ļУ1
Ĭ⻰һǵЦҲɸӲˣĬݺݵصͷ⻰˵ģֻҪĬ飬ʲôʱ򲻸Ȥˡǲ飡
ã顣
ĬٺȾƣȻҵڷϲ֮ܵŴ͸ˣûĸ׻ŵĻĬ¾ΪͨΧӵ硣ȻҲǺĬѵܣ
ôһܹ֤ԼճѾˣӲ˵ôǮȾơ
ȻڶһˣѵøˣȻҪúףһ
ȵպĬһȾƣĬͻ֣ᷢԼľҪжжˣһĽࡣòʡ£ʱĬҲõ飬кֵܣкþƣˡ
ڶǰ佱ǰʮؾڿҪúϢһڶ㹻ľӦԡ
ĬԴȥμĸûз¹ˣȻһʱҲҪȥĸױһƽҲһҲѾȲҪԼĸףѾһˣǱ˿ķһֻԼޣ
ĵķ䡣
С䣬Ѿʼ˰ҶѶ֪Լڼˣīȥμ˼֪жգȴǷĬȥˡ
ǧĸǡ
ҶѾֻĬһӣôܻ᲻أԵĻҶԸһӻĬǸϲôֻҪҶһ죬Ͳ۸Ĭʱ
иܻĬһӣһͲһһŹʣֹĬĽ
СҲҶѵĵģҲ˵ǴСĬģҲһ
С㣬ģīү϶ûµģ϶ƽ
СᶨڷҲ֪ҪοҶأҪοԼˡ
ҶдŨŨĵģԼĶӣĬģҲȫŲġŮüģС䣬ǷĲ°īעҪȥһˣֻҵҪģҾǵЩˡ
ĻҶѲû˵ȥСҶôˣô᲻˵ʲô
ҡҡͷС㣬Щ˾Ҫīү֣ҲҪԼı죬Ѿע飬Բʲôġ
СһȰ⣬ҶҲǷ˲٣ֻǽüģֻҪǲĬƽϢôķġ
ֻϣܹҵīһƽҪٷʲôˡ
Ҷֿĵ棬ĬʱյǱߵ˵ѶϢǷӡϵôȥĬڲصĺܺãҶĸףôܻ᲻֪
ֻĬϵķӡ̫ǿҶѲûȫ⿪Ĭϵķӡ
ҶעǲһģʯʵĬĻ֣ҲҶ֪ȥգǷĬ뿪ˡ
Ĭĸ׺С۵ʱ򣬾Ѿ⣬⻰˼֪ˡ
Ծݺݵüģ֮ǰĬһֱ벻ףĸҶܳŮĸ״뿪ңҲԲʲô⡣ڸôĸ֮ĸ׻Ǻúõңû뿪
м䶼źܶ⣬Ĭǲף̫಻׵顣
һߵľţˡ
ҶѺС໥һۣڱ˴˵пŨŨľȣʱ˭
˭棿ѾϢˣʲôĻɡСȻܷ˽
ĬܾһʲôűˣôĸصʲôأǲǾӶ֪أ
ðɣôжĬԼҪˣʵһŮӿȴһֱкġ
һ˵ĸףСùãңĬ
Ĭ
Ĭ
ҶôܻԼӵϴվĬ
ţĸףңһˡ
Ŵ򿪣С俴վŵİӣвԾŨŨС
Ĭүˣ˾ͺãһֱͺܵ㣡ĵģСҲҪĬˣˣСͲõˡ
ȥô꣬ھĬѾ󣬿Ƕһ棬СУҶѻǸڲǵϰŮˡǵԼҶദ˶ãӱ֮СһֱҶѵߣŮ˳ƣ밮飬ʹѹֻǵͼңĬĳ
ȵȵĵȵȣ̫飬ѾǶѾǲˡ
ллСùõĵģĬˡĬС¶һõЦݣһʲôİΣ;Բˡ


47 ĸ׵ļУ2
ҶϸһĬȷûˣһĵͷīû¾ͺãû¾ͺáһĸ׵ģҪľԼŮƽ£ʲôǺˡ
Ĭܲϰ䣬ֻǷϲģҶѶ⣬Ҫĺܹƽ£Ѿˡ
Ĭһů֪ĸ֮ǰĸ׵ʱϲ˵еĵȴһ㶼ûڲء
ĸףİɣû£һӮ˼ĵһҶǰĬͲҪڲʲô֮ǰĸʧˣΪʵãĸҶҴС¼޸ңѾǸĪĺôҫˡ
ңĸײûܵܺõĴΪĬĹϵЩҶֱҪһôһλ˵Ĵڡ
ĬлŨŨĹâһʱ֮侹ҲҶлŨŨľϲͰοĬγ֮ǰҶѾռһƽһջһڿĬǽɫǸĸ׵вΪŮĳɾ͸еأ
ҶοĵͷĬǸģʹΪʧ
ĬһҲɴ˵ʪ󣬡ĬТЩĸ׵ˡĸ׷ģԺĬһúТ˳Բκ˺㣡
ĬĳŵڷɣעҪһˡ
ȻѾʼչ¶Լķ绪ĬҲڲʲôΪĸףΪԼΪõˣҲܺˡ
ӷǳ˸ѣ˶Ų۾
ҶĵͷҪĬΪʲôֻҪúõģİοˡ
ĬΪֻҪúõģúӣˡ
ĬⱲӵĻȻҶô᲻÷Ĭȥֻʵ˵Ĭòȥ֪ܻеõҶҲ÷Ĭȥðա
ıսô׵顣
ҶҲ֪Ĭǿ󣬿ǺأֻʲôĽЩ˷ֱӡ˵ĺֿʼǿǲǻɳ֮ǰǿԸǣ
һ뵽ҶѲɺݺݵšüģǶĬǲõЦݣѾǵĻȴǲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźˡΪһ̾ϢĬֻҪƽҸͺãΪﲻҪΪʲôֻҪúõġ
ҶеĶȻĬУԼĸֵʲôܡ
ĬʶѾµһǺĪĹϵĸײԸ˵ҲżѯʣȻĸֻӵġ
ĸףģһᱣԼĬԺҪأĬü΢ǳģŨŨļᶨҶѲɾǿóˡ
̫ˣ
ǰӻСһֱܵ˵۸ҲǱһڵõͷˣƶһˡڵĬӵļᶨ¶ɢŨŨĹһ˲ɴĵײһҪȥ׷ĸо
ҶһɬеӰǰС˶Ϊһ壬˸ȾЩˮգ
Ļû˵Ҷ;쵽˴˿̵ʧ̬ȥе˺˼ָСػĬգеᶼһã

ղĸԲڽ֣ ˭Ĭһĸ׵źܶܣԸκˣӶԸ⡣
ò˵ЩҶĹúѹ֣ʱĬлΪǸ׵ĲãĲãΪʵ̫Ǹø׶ӣһĸס֮ĸҲԽԽˣǸղһĬȴҪ¿ˡ
˵ʵĸ׵дûиףֻ˼һˣǶԸײûжٸ顣
뷨һĬܿзܣôܣ
ôĴڣǰһôĽɫ
ãĸҲҪע壬ĸҷˣɲʲô˿Եġֲ۵Ҫĸ׵ģֱӴȥͺáĸ׾òãĬ
Ĭһĸ׿ɲʲô˶۸ġ
֮ǰ·Ͼпֺ̫̫ش߹ĸӣôһ˲۸
Ĭ⻰һ˵˵СĿˡ
СҲˣĬүڣ˭Ժ󻹸ﳳ㣡Сزס飬УҶѾŮˣҾѾίˡЩûɫ˻ҶϢСʰˡ
Ĭ⻰Ӳилīүǳˡ
ǣĸԸ񣬲ϲͱᱻ˸Ǻ۸ģСùĸߣһҪչŵ㣬ʲôֱңһңĬڷ쵽дŨŨĶҶѵĹġ
úãСùüǵˣĬүǳˣܱСˡ
СҲǸжѣǿһˡ


48 ߲Ӱؾ1
Ĭǹ˹вɶЩˣӦһǿĸҲͲôˡҵĸҵҷˣ֮ǰͨ˶磬̫ƽˣ
Щ˾ԽǱֵηǰԽҪ۸㣬ΪۣǸ۸˱ǿûа취ˡֻһֻ͹һ㣬ǿʳһֱˣ
ộĬѾ˺ܶԽͨ͸ˡ
ĸףĬѾˣܶҿ԰ֵһ˳еţĬۡĬҲָһξҶѴĽᣬصܸľǣҶͷųһϢڵĬѾǹȥǸҪĸײĵĺˣѾ˿Զһʱˡ
ҶһҲڲܣһϻһ˿Ȼ
ɺݺݵšüģҪЩĸĬֻô
ҶзŲЩôǿôܷԼĺӶЩأ
ЩСһ·ҶѣҲ֪һЩģҲû뵽ĬĹ۲ȻôãȻѾˡ
Ŀ䵽ҶѵϣЩСһֱûз£һ˳еЩҲʱĬ֪ˡ
С㣬Ĭү˵öԣҲѾˣ֪ʱˣ
Ҷʶս˫ȭĿ䵽Ĭϣֿ֮һС䣬лŨŨĳɺԥĬֻҲͿ˵ġ
񣬽üģŸǶ˼ҼĸоĬ룬ĸʱһѵһĴˣߵ׷Ҳ϶١
һ룬ĬӮμĵһǲǿԽҵĲؾ󣿣ڼ飬ҶѵȻҲ˵ҪǣҲؾһҪĶҪĬȥá
Ĭ֪ĸƽʱʱЩ鶼ϣȻˣô˵϶顣
֣صصͷԣνǰʮ˶ӵнؾĻᣬĬҲȥؾ󿴿
Ĭжڲؾ¼鼮书ؼûж뷨ǹɫĻ棬ʽҲ䣬ȻҲᵽڻǲܾעգҲҵʲôʺĹɡ
Ǹʦߵʱ򣬵ҲǸĬһĹмҲ漰ôϢҲԳøĬ
ҩµ򣬸ǽҪôȻΪϵἰľͱȽˡȻҩҲû뵽½˼ѾˣǵĬһ壬Ȼڴҵбһ
ֱΪĬ϶ԼΪҩҲû뵽ҪĬʺķؼˡ
Ĭ϶ĻشҶҲлɣǲǶע飬עҪ·
ҲǰˣĬʹɡ
˵ĬؾһҪԼĸоȥѰһ߲ӰؾҶ˵⻰ʱɫΪأ֣صؿĬĬһ
ԾüģĸôĶȻʲô򵥵ؾ߲Ӱؾֵʲô
ãĸ׿ɷһ߲ӰؾʲôӣҲҪһ£ϾܽؾʱޣиµķҲҡĬ΢΢üģԼҪҵʲôõĹĸõĻȻҲƴǡ
߲ӰؾҶظ֣࣬Ŀһ˲˲ضĬ˵ҲûоⱾؾ׳ʲôӣֻҪȥܣߣԵĻͿġ
ҶҲֻԾڴˣĬǸעˣô߲ӰؾˣȥѰңؼҲš
⻰Խ˵ԽˣĬʾԼѾʼĸ׵Ҫ˵ʲôҲҪٽһˣȻҲöʡ
صصͷãĸҼǵ⻰ˣȵؾ֮һĵġ
Ĭа߲Ӱؾ⼸ּУԺܻЩ鶼Ūף
Ҷ̾һȻҲ֪Ĭ̫ʣȵ֮ҲӦú˵ˡ
ĬܴӲؾ˳õ߲Ӱؾ֮Ҫ֪ʲôΪﶼͳͳ㣡Ҷľ
Ĭвɻһ˿ȣ벻ʱĸ׾ȻԸгˡԭΪĸ׻ҪЩܼڲţԼȥȥ顣
ãĸ׵һ
ţΪĺϢҶϴЦݣĬĿһĨ˿顣ˣҲմֻҲ˰ɣúûȥϢɡ
ãĬиˡ
ֱĬ뿪˺þãҲӰҶѲջĿ⣬תͷС䣬̫ˣ̫ˡ


49 ߲Ӱؾ2
СȻҶ˵ֵ˵˭лһ˿̾ϢôȥˣСһֱûз¹ǸˣûСīүѾԽԽ󣬳úǸ˾ȻҲԽԽ񣬾ʱеҪϴ
һÿοĬҶоǿƲסسۣȥǿƲס
һˣһŮҪ׵һˣõİ취ǴӴ˲ٿԷҲҪӴͶԷйص˻ͲܡÿοĬҶѣԶǸˣҲûҪȥǡ
С㣬ĬүѾ뿪ˣѾ𣡡
ЩҶѵߣһҪ˵һ˽Ҷѣô϶Сˡ
Ĭܹɹҵ߲Ӱؾô˵Ǹ춨ˣĬĶӣôܸأἰǸʱҶѻȻһ˶һˣ¶һҸ
ǴҶѵıоͿԿежôںˡ
С΢΢鶯һ˫ֻһжܱðɡ
īүעƽǵͺã˵ĬүĿԸСϣأС˵ҲڰοҶˡ
ȻҶȴǲҡͷвϣĬеô࣬ЩԭӦģȴҪѹӵϡĬҶѵӣʮ»̥ƴ˳ӣָôı䲻˵ġ
ҲϣĬҪȥеһУ⺢Ѿùˡ
˵Ҷлһ˿ۣתС䣬ֺ͸С䲻֪ڿʲô֪ģĬոճʱĳŮ㱣Ҳ뵽֮ǰĻ棬ĬײһкӣЩ̫ίˡ
ǰĬײһкӣ
һصصŮӣȴǱҶ͵תô궼ԱĬҲһ캢ӣȫûʹһʲôҶѵ˼ĬͻᾡԼŬȥκ˻ɹԱ
Ҷ𣬾С䶼ҪˣĬʵǸŮӰ
һֱĬүĬүôƺţֱС䶼ֱҪĬкˡ
һͣǣΪˡСҲص̾ϢһҲٶ˵ʲô
ֻԸϣĵˣܵõԼҪĺýɡ
ĬѾ뿪һξˣȻҲ뵽Լ뿪֮ĸҲѾ˾Ӳ뵽죬ֻܴᷢı仯
ڣĬһԼķϻһһѹӵģŮڣ¶ҪĬȥˡ
СĬȥҶѵʱԼܿˣҲһңҲǺĽ㶼ǴסѾ˶Ը˵ļƻˡ֮ǰô۸ĬΪղŲŲǹؿͷˣȫ
һĹСҲѾʼæˡⲻһӵʱ䣬Сһ㶼١
ˣһˣ
ѩɫëһֱײĬĻ˸һĨڲز˵Ľ϶Ƿǳ˳ˡ
Ĭ΢΢СҲг磬˳ƱסСһôͻˣСȥȥʲôĬûаҪʵ˼ˣֻҪСһúõľͺá
Լ˸˳ëĸоȻٺòˡ
С겻˫ۣض˶ɫƤëһţȺ͵ſְɡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷˣ֪Ҫ˷˲źáҲô򵥵ģرκǸͷӣô϶ô׷Ź㣡
ߺߣҲŲأСҲǼΪģͷӣ޴ˣᱻһץס
ĬҲܿͷӦСǾβ꣬ϺһսǶκͷӻûʲôġһĬҲзĲ٣Сʻ괬֪ǼЦЦģҪСġҾȥؾˣ棬Ҳעŵ㡣
СʱĬҲԾѾԼļһĴڡ
βؾһУĸ׽߲Ӱؾƺǰİ߶Ѿʼһ⿪صɴֻεľκˣĬ²ⲻ
ȻȴŨŨڴһ˫ʯǹԣ⡣
һһڷҲǱĺг
ĬԾ΢΢˫ۣԺиղſȴڲԼҲûз֣ʱΧĬϵһ㵭İ׹⡣
ҹɫʼ¹ڴϣɫ¹һĨů⡣
¹ƺһЩһֺ֮ǰģûʲô仯Ȼ֮ˣһᾪȣ¹֮
¹֮֮ʶյ˾Ĭˡ


50 ֮壨1
ȵĬԺа֮ǰҩϽݻعһ֮һǲһĨõЦݣȻǺöϵݷḻ֮ǰκ鼮书طҪãһʱ䣬ĬоԼ˲١
ԼΪֻǵĸı仯̲ڵɫҲøӴˣԭĵɫһۿȥɫɫø˲٣Ѿʼתɫһ۵ʱ䣬Ĭܸ̺ܵҲԽԽǿˡ
Ĭţ֮ǰİҹڵĻɫ˴ʱ䣬һΣֻҪһʱ䣬Ϳˡ
ϲˣִнչˣ
СȵڶĬõСܸܵˣžоԼںһвȾŨŨϲθĬΪȷѡˡ
Ĭǹ˹ָʶḧС˳ëҲˣС֪ڵһĬҲЩˣǺ˶һĵط벻С꾹ȻԷ֡
԰ͨȻõҲֻ֪벻㾹Ȼǻ֮壬ֲܹɫĻ棬ԺҲ϶°빦
С֮ǰûз֣ע⵽ĬȻǰѵһĻ֮壬Ժǿ϶쳣ףõĻԴˡ
֮壿
Ĭ˵һոµʣͲʲôǻ֮塣
üһСӣ֮ҲǺܲӡԭĬԼһϲ֮壬ǲ书˭ǹɫĻ棬ԱӦûʲôˡôҲûжʧˡ
Сἰ֮壬ҲɴŨŨڴ
ЦЦ֪֮壬ʲôǻ֮壬ǻ֮壿
ĬСĿⲻԾȾŨŨڴ
Ĭɵ⣬С굹Ҳûʲôеĵطô꣬Ȼ޵ಢͬٱĬ֪ҪһЩ
֮ǾǰѵһʣҪǣ֮ϵ°빦ʷЩ֮˶ǼΪĴߡ˵֮֮ĳǿǿ󣬻֮ԳһⱾһȻĻ
С˵µʱҲһأֲ֮ǰĬԳסΪǿľβԼҲʲôĵطӦ뵽Ĭͬˡ
СⷬͣĬҲаţȴšüģžһһ˿֮ǳǿ󣬿ǲ
ЦЦ˵֮ԳһĬظСղŵĻȴǲ뵽ڵɫ棬ֲôȴǲ˵ֺǻ֮ðڵ𣡡
˵Ĭڵһɫ棬չʾС꿴
ⲻһǰСһֱӴĬĻ˳ڵԱߵĵطСضĬĵĻ棬ǽš
⣬Ļ棿ҪҪô£СһĶвҪúðοԼһҲҺĬˣȻΪУǶô޴Ϊ
ĬСôֵģвȾһ˿ȣ˳Ƶ˵ͷ԰ҵĻ档棬СڣҿҲڡ֮ǰڶսͷʱ򣬾ǻһæˡ
ЦЦʶ棬ʲôһ𣡡
֮ǰһںһʱĬùɫ棬ʱĬոնսͷҲ˺ܶ࣬ûȫָȻأɫҲܷӵٷ֮һ
ȴȫһˣ֮ǰĬİҹʱײȼЩҴܵĻɫЩǿΪԼУо档ղĬаҩϵ¹֮Ǿڵɫ˽һ
ôһĬϵѾǵС꿴ĻˣôҲûе
СҲǺݺݵ˺ü֪Ĭǻ֮Ѿ㶵ˣټȻɫǾ㶲ѡ
С겻ɵ˵ݺݵҡͷЩ֪Ҫһ˰ɡ̫ˣ
ĬԽǿ󣬶С˵ȻҲŸİ


51 ֮壨2
̫ˣֱһŰС֮󣬸ǼˣĬеҲǹ˼ĵĻ棬ʮֿ
ˣ֪𣬶ҪԼڵڻѣ㾹ȻŻ棬ѾǵһݣΪҪǣ澹ȻǴ½Ʒɫ̫ˣԺ󲻹ǼΪġ
С˵ЩĬҲеǶˣֺʲôûס
ֻʶ˵ͷɫ𣿣ֽɫ𣿣
֮ǰİҹ˵ɫ𣬲ڼҲûϸʣȴǲС꾹Ȼ֪ôࡣ
ĬִԭϲģһӾȻǱ˼ƷʣҲеһʱӦ֮˷ܣ
С꣬Һú˵һ£½Ʒʲô滹ʲô֮ǰҩϸ򣬺ڽӦķˡ
ĬһϲȻҲ֪һЩģУ֮⣬ǸǵһǣΪźܶʦΪṩܵ˵Ƴ硣
֮ⶦľҩˣס˲ٵҩʦҩʦΪһ㶼ǺܸߣȴõĴ˭ƿʱ߻ħĿܣ˵ҩʦƵĵҩԸԼṩ˺ܴıϡ
һλ׵ҩʦǿ֧ŲٵˣҩʦһУȻλҲͬ죬ȵҩʦĵȼԽߣͿƳӸƷ׵ĵҩҲԽ
ôһʱ䣬ĬҲѾֳ֪ͷˣȴҲǸӼᶨˡѾҩʦˣôȻҲѡ·ˡ
С꿴ĬӣѾµˣѾ˲ǣǸͷӸµǸԺúÿҸҿ϶Ϊ·ĵҩʦ
ãһŬģ
Ĭ˵ͷҲ͵ȷСĬɲͳΪ·½ΪĵҩʦһǾ˲˵
ʶԼʣĬҲӶ˼ֵˣɫ𵽵ô¡
ȻС֪ЩĬȻԶһ԰ЩŪ˲źá
ţɫǴ½һļƷˣԷ꣬ΪģȻɫഫǻı棬е޶ѹáд˵֣޴ӡ
ɫΪĵطӵɫ𣬾Ϳѹס࣬Щ
ĬһԼڵɫֶ˼˽⣬ǲͬ졣
ĵĻջڣüһǹ˹ЦЦҲˣ
ȻСҲôԶԶģ¾ǱյҪ֪СǺܰģΪϧԼһɫëˣǱĬˣǻǿ޶ûеطȥ
ĬҴеĺ£СҲܾôˡ
߸СԴըëҲŲĻأɫ𻹲˵ҡ˵ʱǵˡ
ĬҲҴС꣬΢΢˵ͷ֮ͺˡţǼЦЦˣʲô£ҲԸ㰡
Ĭ⻰Сˣһ»صĬĻɣĺ˺ߣ˵⻰˵ģ𻹲ԽǸ߼޵ֿԽǿЦЦޣȻҲɫ𡣲˵ǻģȵɫĸӴ⣬ʱٶϺһߺߣ
С굹ҲǼǳֱﻹǼǵ֮ǰͺһս顣ǴοС˺ܴĿⲻǴŻҪúһسˡ
һǸһôǿˣȵĬǿˣҲһˡ
ȻСҲİҹĴˣǸĬһŵǸȴǸǿİҹԺʲôһжδ֪
ãǵҰĸӴ⣬ǾȥҺһ֣˵ĬҲɴŨŨڴ
СԼˣĬȻ᲻СԼ֣һ˵Сһ۵ĻĬԼټСֳôƯƯëɹͺͺë꣬Ͳˡ
ȻֻƤĺһȫһˡ
Զǧ֮ĺһɲ뵽ԼʱȻѾһƻСŮ˸ˡ
δĺܳһʱ䣬ֻҪĬͻᱻɫսƫƫֲСŮˣúһбġһȼĬˣһҪӣĳȴǺ⿴һŰ
͸úһˣףϻľ͸Ӳˣ֮ȴǱһñܡ
ȻǺˡ


52 ǰȥؾ1
Сһ˵ĬеҲǶŴ½ϵƷ˳˽⡣
Ҳ˵ԼӵеɫڶĻֱǷռҪλãȷǲںĬɫȣѷɫ˺ܶˡ
ּƷȻڻİףȻǼΪģܹ˻ΪԼãǴ½ϵٮٮߣഫЩ˲棬ǸҵٮٮߡһĬԼʵ˼š
Ĭ׼ô˰ӵӺ𣬽μǰʮؾӵȻѾΧ˲ڲؾ档
ǲܽؾ󣬲˽ؾ󣬾ǿҲǲġ֮ǰͼеĳϾѾ˵ˣνؾʱһ죬֮Щӵܾͻᱻͳǻڲؾʲô컯ǾҪȵ֮ܽˡ
жǳڴγȵ˶ص书ؼֻɾһµأ
Ĭ˲ؾ棬лĸ׽飬ü΢΢תͷǲõЦݣɵ˵ͷţϢĲ
Ӳ׷ܶˣĽѾˣνؾʲôҲǸ˵컯Ȼ֮ǰĬ˵ʱҲȻʵϣûҪ׷رĶ
Ȼûʲô飬˯úˡӲԼͷƤĿ䵽Ĭϣһʱ֮䶼Ų۾ˡ
һûмڵĬͺ֮ǰȫһһ˵ϵﲻһˣǾǺͺ֮ǰøƯˣͺͷһĪϢһ
Ĭϸʲôȥˣһ⾫ģĽ
Ƥ˺ܶ࣬ĬǰƤͺܺãϸ壬ȫͲһˣǸŮһĬƤøӺˣʱ;ĬǱúÿ˺ܶ࣬˵ϵÿˡٶһƤָƣͺǿˮһƺһͻˮһ
ˮܽأȻȥΣ˵ľ
ֱǱŮ˻ҪŮˡ
ĬĺƤɲˣƤӽϸй󣬴ȻķΣһֱ֪ܶĬһصصˣӶҪǲŮװˣ
ǹ⣬Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ֻӿӣ˵ʲôأȥʲô
Ĭ⻰˵ʲôŵģõģֱ˷ҪȥһĬỬƤȻһϻǺܺõĿסˡ
֮䣬ʲôģ˵ɣǲϺĸȥԼˣһ棬һǺɡӳĬ¶һҶĿ⡣
⻰Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣֱ˵ȥ˲ɣ
ôܣҪȥŮԼᣬҲҪû˺Ů£һ۵Ķ˰ɣкģ
Ǻǣ߿ҲҪ˵ĬתԵıֳԼԸӶ߰˼Ϊ顣
ȴҲ΢΢һ㶣ϳʱҲûϸվiȻҲע⵽˿ߵı仯
ôһ˵ĬﵹҲǶ˼ֺ档
ˣ㾹Ȼûע⣬㵽׻ǲһŮ˰СĬʶΪĬ֪ģ벻ȻֱӸˡ
СУŮ˾ӦǺúϧԼգһĬϣһ㶼ˡҪɣǲʵĬˣʵǸŮ
ĬŮˣԼҪһˡ
αװ߾磬žˣԼһƭȥˣĬжţʵһˡ˲ûʲôҪСѣѾȫ顣
Ĭ㺦ʲôǺŮԼⲻǺģд󵱻Ů󵱼ޣǲǿ׼ϲˣȻĬͲһƵϣΪĬǺˡ
ëϲƣ
ĬжëˣҪȥŪŮףⲻǺ˼ҹ
ǺǣۿӱĻĬǳԸá
һʱ䣬ղҲûҪѹԼһʱ䣬Ҷ֪ĬϺһȥԼˣ԰Եκʱõġ
ˣҶؾϾҪˣǰ𣬵Ҳ̶ܴϻĬ˿̵Ρ
һ˲е˶񣬵ȴżķԸвؾĿš


53 ǰȥؾ2
ĬעҲǲɱǰסˣ֮ǰҵķҵ鶼ǲ˽ġڿô೤ͳͳδ򿪲ؾȷһ鰡
ؿ۾ˣǹ˹˵
μؾſΪʱ죬˿ǰʮӵнؾĻᣬȵǽȥ֮ᱻͬ¥㣬¥Խղص鼮ԽǾ䣬ܲѧãҪǸԵ컯ˡмǣ̰ãѧȡᣬȥܹԦݡ
òʱ⻰ҲǷǳõģǶҪѡʺԼĶõġǵֻҪȥѰõĹʲôûеõĻԵ޹ˡ
ǰʮڲؾЩ˽⣬ҲѾˡѾ̫ܹ࣬ؾ˵Ѿ㣬ҲһҪ׷ѧϰõĹ
ȻܹôҪĽȷǳˡˣͱ˵һֱıߵ¾ƽ˰ɡ
˵⻰ʮӵܶѾȥˣҲ˲٣ǲԾһЦݣˣҶѾڴѣôھͿؾ󡣡
ϰɫĴţ滹šؾ֣ҵĲؾ󣬲̫Ҫ鼮ƽʱʱ򶼼˽ȥģҲȥ
ҵĲؾרŵ˸컹мĳλ˵ʱ򣬶òԷӡһֱؾ˶˵һȻĴڣﶼûʲô˼ǵãλ˵ڲؾˣʲôʱؾġ
ϣЩӾͽˡһĳ˱Ҿڲؾǰ̬ȾҪж๧ж๧ˡ
ϣҲǸؾճˣֻǵؿһ죬һ㶼ûΪԷǼʲôŴƺϣѾûʲôλˡ
ϴӲؾ߳ʱĬĿͲ䵽˵ϣʶˣǶԷȴһַǳǿĸоĬɾãλϿ¾һ˶ϺһȫȫˣΪǿˡ
ϵϢǳͺѾȫȻΪһ壬վڴҵǰ´Ҷע⵽Է˲£Ҫɱˣȫ
벻ҾȻǿĳϣǿߣǱκĳҪĶ࣬ϳڲؾڣѾһ㲻ǼĹؼʱ̣ҲǲԤġ
ƽ𣬶ʮ˵Ǹҽɡ
ҶǵλᣬΪܹؾѣжλ϶к棬ܿͱؾĿ鼮ȥĿ⡣ҶⱲӶֻһλܹؾպʱ˺ˡ
Ĭʹһ˲ؾ󣬲Ǹղ˵ÿһ˽ؾ֮󣬶ᱻͬ¥㣬֮ͿԼ컯ˡ
ܾĵģһصԱһԼԼһĹٵ
Ĭ΢΢üģڲؾôܻ
ɲţؾﻹ˻еģóһѹģⲻв
ĬʶŸķȥҪȥ˭Ū顣֮ǰĸ׾˵ؾ֮󣬾͸ԼĸоߣĬиĪڴߴȥ
Ҳϰڷŵ鼮ĬŲᶨҲǳǸȥ
Ĭǽؾ֮ǺҵһĽϻһ飬ȻͲ⼸ؾӵܷС
ͻȻĿһͣԭǵĿһ˿ŨŨĹâĿⲻɳŶķȥһܿǻָƽҲֻԼʲôɡ
һеҲǶ˼ֺ棬ܿµͷԼϵ鼮
һЩһҲʲ˴ڣ˽ؾֱ֮ӱ˶㣬һϾѾǳˡ
ȷҲҲؾһ֮һмʷļ壬ȻŨĵ̣Ϊ˾̾ľҪ˵ǲؾˡؾɾѡؾ˵ʣ֮Щ˽Ӧ¥㣬ҲǷҵӵѧϰؾ¼ؼݡ
ؾΪ¼ĶһֱΪҪˣȻҲΪı䣬ܹ붥⵱ȻҲǷǳˡ
ڶѰԴĬɲ뵽ԼȻؾ˶㣬Լ߿ǷһһζҪõıؼȴһ۶


54 ƽоӮ»1
֪Ĭôõȴһ㶼ϧĻ֪ҪټʺͳԹˡ
ԭһһֱǴеţôĳɹ˲Ҷټ֮ģԭǺǴͬһˮƽϣǱǻҪ磬ȻͻȻһ죬˿ʼǿѾ˳˵ٶȣͻܶ鷳ˡ
ȻĬƾڵڶ״̬ڴһһֱԭǸֻβ֪ôϹèˣǳΪ˴˴ĵһıʲûб仯ԭǸ䶼ɵĬξĬҽ˲ؾҲ˷˴һˡ
뷨˵Ȼֻһڵĺܶ˶Ǳͬ뷨ǲܱܽ˱ԼҪǿ֮ԷǿˣҲ취ҵ˵ǣ˵ԼǸõġ
ڱôĬǲЩˣֻҪԼúõľͺˡ
ŹٵȥĬĽŲԽԽ죬ԭͺܴԭڱȽΧĵط֮Խ룬ֱߵͣĬҲͣ½Ųɵúݺݵšüġ
֮ǰһľҪȥҵⵯ˵һӰĬҲ΢΢һ㶡
ʲô
ĬɸоղԼͺһͣѹⲻĿ⿴ܵ
ˣ
Ĭ΢΢£üģղŵȷ Ĺһ·߹ԽԽߣԭһ·Ƿ鼮ܣǰÿտ
ĬԼ֪Լ˶ˣƺѾߵһؾ
ǰذڷһʯӣϻҵɢһЩڰɫӡ
֮֮ĬĵҲǷŵĺܿԭûкҪȥѰʲô书ؼŲǰȥʯϵ֡
һһӴ粽ýŰӣⶼѾǰѰӸƵ˾ˡ
ɵĬݺݵüģȻǺܶΧ壬ȴҲֵܸܵļѡ
һо֣ѾѾע˽ֵˡ
˭ﲼо֣
Ĭһ˲˲ض֣ҵĲؾ󣬿ɲʲô˶ܽСôڲؾо֣Ϊʲôأ
Ĭ΢΢üģǰ֣Ȼ벻Щǰ԰м̲ʲôءһǿҵ־Բ򵥣˵⣬ֻһʱ֮仹ûв͸ˡ
ڣĬ˲ؾ󣬲뵽ȥѰһܹԼͻƳɳı䣬һľ׮һվ￴֣ƶҪÿĬʲôɣǲɵŴõԴãעûõ֣
ȻĬ˵Ųʲôûõ֡
е˼һȫ֮Уڰӽƺÿһһ֣ڰӵʤѷ֣Ĭ˵ǲ˵ҵֵƽⷽˡ
һʱ䣬ĬѾѺڰϵλͳͳǼɵñ˫ۣǰ̲о֡Ժпʼֵ򣬰ӺͺӸγɼµ֮⼸ĬתԽԽ죬ͺȫһ𣬾ͺм򵥰С˶˶һ
ɵĬҲǱ⼸С˶ȥеע۾ؿŰɫС˺ͺɫС֮Ĵ򶷣һҲѾǼ򵥵Ĵ򶷣һһһʽǳһʽһּ⣬һ˲ۻҡ
ʱС˶ʱ򻹱ȽٶԽԽ죬ֱͺǷһȫǵʲôͺֻܿһһС˶һ𣬱ڰɫӰӡ
Ҳ֪ǹ˶ãǺܾúܾãֺ񲻹һ˲䣬ĬȫһһС˶Ķģˢһ˫ۣһ˫ʯӲǣǵӳʱеһС
һĬǲ΢΢һĨŵЦݣȫ¶һɷƣΪ˾õʱеĹΨ첻ƣ
ŲǰᶨĿţƺϸ˼ĬѾ˺浽׸ôˡ
һ̲о־ʽΪģͣЩʽչʾڱ˵ǰܹЩʽ֮ص֮Ҳƽֵʱ
ӼᶨƺѰһһ˭Ҳ벻ĵطΪ벻䲻⣬ԻǧĻϣȴǸⳡҵһƽڣȻʧһƬӣһƬӵʧӮµľ档
ⳡֵ¹˭֣˭Ҳܿ϶


55 ƽоӮ»2
֪˶õĲо֣;Ҳûܹߵǰ棬ȴǶûֵܹİأȻӲ˵ƽ̲оˡܶ˵ȻܹһؾĶѾһȻҲᱻؾɽ㣬飬ѡһıϰ
⼸ûܹƽо֣쾹ȻĬײƽо֣ⶼǲ֪˵ãһжѾڤڤ֮ע˽
ĬһɣѾƽ˵Ĳо֣Ϻڰ˫ѾƽɫҪñ־ʤͲҪǵˡ
вԾһ˿ڴ΢΢ҶѾƽо֣ܲܲһ㽱ɣ
ӿоֵĵһۣĬоͲţԲͬѰ
ȻĬ⻰䣬ԭӲޱȣÿ̵ܻʲôӡӰ̾Ȼô˲䣬мѿ⧲ôˣ
Ĭ֮ǰѾ뵽ʲôһ󣬿ǰ̾ôˣлǲЩ۵ģ̹ҲҪٵĹɣ̵ӣ˵ǹŶһĶˣóȥӦҲüǮɡ
ȻҲ飬ҪӲؾټİ̸óȥһܵ飬Ӳ˵ֱһغõĶóȥǮˡ
һ涫ĽָͺˡĬһ̾½ϴָϡĶΪʦҪɹһöָһ׵顣
֪ܹӵǴָߴָ߽ˣһҲûжˣֻһЩ峤ΪصĵӲпܰɡңҲĬĸףҵļҲûһöĴָ
ĬӺǣֵ̾ʯֵǲʲôöΪڲطⱦĶѾôˣŵĶȻ̫
һ˫һ˲˲ضʯŸղŵһʯͺһʻһɲǼſһ껨ţ¶Ļģ
Ĭס˺Ķֻ׹һʲô˳ٶ֮죬һһ㣬ץס
ʲô
ĬɺݺݵһڿˮֻоǰֵĶѾȫԼ֪ΧԼҲǿģҪͻأľųಡˡ
ҫ۵İ׹Ȼתһ֮Ĭķ˹Ҫ㿪ܵĸܵ׹̲޾ֱ׹ƲҲ˰ɡ
ҿôģ׹⻹Լת䣡үүƽоֵˣ㲻ҽҲˣıƺɣԼҵʮ꣬òײüĻᣬھȻؾжԼСɣ
Ĭвʣݺݵս˫ȭ֮䣬ʶڵɫ𣬵Ҳƴˣ泯ǰ׹ȥ
׹ҫ۱ˣĬӹȥһǳɫĻ濴ȥͿĺܣͲֹ׹Ŀ
ɱ˫ۣ׼ӭӰ׹˺
ȻǳǾȻûУ
ûиܵʹ࣬ĬҲ΢΢һ˫ۣǰ׹⾹ȻǰɫһǰſƻϷ
ɫȫڱѹƵ״̬ԭһһԲĻǰ׹ΧĹƺǱɫյˣ¶ʵģһɫĹ򣿣
һһĬǰתţͺƤĺһڿֵϷ
ĬɺݺݵһһԼ۾۾ǲǳ⣬ôһ£
ԭоɫĹԼŲٶ⣬ߺߣûж⣬ôܣûж⣬ôܲ˵سҪĽ࣡
ĬɸоɫĹѾɫסˣΪɫϲǸɫĹɫҲ˼ֺøаɡҲãǱסԼһС
ȻȷԼûʲô󰭣ĬĺľѾʼռϷ磬ԾһǰɫĹⶫʲô

⧲Ĭץһİɫɿʼһֱ֮ӱ˹˳˳ӣĬиӺˡ
ʵС򷢳ģ
Ȼˣܿ˵ˡ
С㵽ǸʲôĬ΢΢ǰɫı棬ƺҲ
۸˼ң˼ҲϲˣСĬ϶£ĬһôͺǿĳСҡƨһɺݺݵҡͷô뵽ȥˡ
ǱĬ¶ˣСǲˬҪƨɡСϰԶˣһв˵ҡһҡƨɣʾԼͷĲˬ
ǺܺϰҲûзı䡣
ߺߣ㶼ϲˣҵȻҲö飡Ĭüһ⽿ĺѾǧϹˣѧ˺ӵֱɳ


56 ȵС1
Ĭ⻰ǰɫСҲˣĬQһ£ԴʾԼеĲˬΪܹĬȻСʧˡ
𣬴ŨŨĽĬ֪Ѿʯ˲֪ˣҪΪʵһɰСأ
أ˼ͲǶ
˵⻰СƺԼҲ⻰ԾˣءһҪ޳أԣ˼һ
ƺ⻰ҲǺܶԾô˵ԣСһԼҪԼŪˣĬתȦȦżģͺȹϵһŵҲǶ˼ֿɰ
Ȥ
ĬǿƲסһЦȦȦСü΢΢Ҳһ˼ССʲô
СҲ֪ԼôˣǱܵغϲĬϵϢղƿǶʱ򣬾ǸܵĬǹϢֱ㶵س˹֮󿴵ĬԼ˦һѻ棬ΪĬ׼ߣǺɫ
أǡ
СҲҪشĬ⣬˺ð죬ԼҲ벻ʲôˡֻܿ¿ʼתأʲôѽء֪Լʲô
СһҭСģҲۣĬĻشСһﾹȻԼʲô֪ɵغݺݳ˳ǣľûмôġ
΢΢¶һչСñһЦݣСһ㶼֪ԼʲôҪ͸ҰɣԺҴĺģ֤ÿ춼ĵģ
йƭ֪Сѵ򣬿ҲҪС᲻Ϲˡ
ĬʾԼŲڹƭСѣСǸոƿǶӣʲô˷ˣǸ˵ĻǲǴ鷳ʹ˸Լأ
Ȼм仹һܺԵԭСŸոճѾôı£ȵԺɳ͸˲СˡСûгɳԼߣҲԳΪһðˡ
СƺǺĬ⻰˼ԲС岻ͣתȦȦ
һ仰ˣĬҪԺкܶܶĺô
ⱾС飬ҲǲϲĬŲ˴ļأ
£˷ܵĬǰ𣬡ţԺ󱾱͸ˣСһ˼ôɰô˧ޱߣŲҪô֣
Сһ
ȥһζ
ĳԲһСͿóʲô˧ޱߣʲôɰģһ򣬻бô֣Ȼûбˡ
ĬҲǺƢ΢΢˹üһȻСһﶼѾӦˣҪһ˼һССҪɣȻСͲˡ
ǺǣСһҪҽʲôʲô֣
أСһҪ֣С£ĬʾԼڵĲأҪһ֣
⻰˼ҪһԲ򱦱
СҪԳƣĬɳ˳ǣﲻԲһ£ԼһԲ򺰱ӣֱǵһصĺëҪô̼ˡ
Ǻǣã
ĬСԲһôûа취ˣСһﲻһֱԳǱǾͱɡ
Сһ£ƺ˼ֵĺûȻлǲ⣬ҪҪǱǱ
ĬüһЧǱⲻҲű𣬲ȻСһС
ʱĬҲɸоԼеӳˣȻںһԲһôûӪĻ⣬ȻǱСһˡ
СҲˣѾûа취ıˣȻĳƺûˣһ£ƺȨһԼҪôȡźá
ߡһȻлǲܺģĬᶨģҲֻܰίŤԼԲĹĵ壬أǾͱɣҪСһҪС
ΪѵӣҪжɰжɰˡ
ţԣ
Ĭǲ¶һĨЦݣ΢΢˵ͷ³¯СУ֮ϸõԼǰС˸ƵĹâһԲ͸һȻᷢС̫һΨһһõľǲ֡ȻĬɲܱ֤Լ᲻СһֱӶȥ
ϸع۲˺һᣬҲֻܷˣ˻֮ᷢ⣬ʲôˣСʲô֡
֮ǰС˵һ޶ηɫ𣬵ȼԽߵ޻޲Ż᲻η壬͸ղСһɫӣ϶ʲô򵥵֣
С򵽵ʲôԺֵܻġ


57 ȵС2
벻ƽ˲о֮ȻջһֻջȵСĬǹ˹ȻЩߣʤǲٱһоϲҲſֻдһοۣĬ˵ʲôʺϱĹ˵Ǳȼ߻Ķˡ
һĨĹâ΢΢С棬ھίˡ
ҪҪ棡Ҫ棡Сһﻹòײ뿪˰ʯĽŲҪµյĵطȥͺһֻųӵСô׾ͻȥġ
ĳСֿʼˣܹǡôشĬȵ㣬ҲûʲôˣСһﲻҲȥˡ
ҲУȻҪһȥ棬Զ棬͹ԹԵضкܶ໵ˣһȥǾͻ¹˵Ե
ĬǾԲԼѾŻСѵˣһСĲҪСһӲؾȥȻҪ֪ȻЩİˣ϶СԼߡ
ȻĬһвӿŵĻĳССһﲻһӱŲҪЩ˸ץԵأôô£ǸӣǳԱǲԵģأˣҪ㣡
ĬһһСһһھͽˣĬлһ˿ϲСе̫ˡ
ţԣֻҪԹһᱣģԲЩ۸ǼұĬһⰲο˵ĻſھСı죬ֻҪ⣬˹Ҳ̺ȲСһһĬУɶС򵽵Ǹʲô֣Ӻˡ
Ȼ˲ؾСɲ棬ԱߣСһҲҪַˡСĬеҲģСⶼǧСˣ⾫СӣӦòʲô⣬ȻڵСͲһˡ
С⻹ǸոմӵСУȫİģ۽۵ģһȥᱻƭҪĬˡȵȥ֮С꣬˵ܿСʲô
һڻڲؾ뵽֮ǰĸ׽߲ӰؾһǱ̸ˣûüȥ߲Ӱؾ
֪ûһ߲ӰؾĶ
Ĭ˵⻰;ԼҲЦˣС֮ǰһֱڰʯ棬֪Щġ΢΢ҡͷСһţǹһĨЦ⣬֪Ҳû£ԼȥҾͺá
źߣ˭˵Ҳ֪ˣĬС˵ĳСԼͲˣһҪúĬǰһѣȻԺ󶼲ˣźߣֻҪĶҶ֪һ߲Ӱؾ𣡡
СһǰԲ±QţĬһĺӣ˸˵˲ãΪչʾԼҲһҪǿˡСĻûзϡ
ĬԼûע⵽ȵСʱҲǴʮֵĺͳˣصص˵ͷܲСһġ
úúãţǼұˡĬûȥ߲ӰؾǷ
һԵĸ֮ǰĻһ˳Լĸоߣ˵ҵ߲Ӱؾˡ
źߣˣҾ֪㲻ţҴȥ
СҲɵĬûʶȻһֱʯͷ棬Сĸ֪ǿޱȣղǷСһûаŵ˼֪߲Ӱؾ
ֻҪڲؾĶֻҪǺöӲС۾Ҫ֪ĳСһϲľֻؼ䣬֮ų֮ȫе
ע⣬ǿе
СһѾʯ汻˲֪жˣԼѾʱ䣬ԼܱߵĻҲѾǲŨŨ룬޲һȫٵˣ
Ҳ߲Ӱؾ
ڼȻԼҪⶫĻСҲģȻ͵Ĭǰ棬ȻСТ˵ľؿɼ
ȵС궼ǿСһֻ̰İԵСʲôֻҪǺõģܲܵõҪõԼСΨһһ㻹ǺõģС֪Ĭһݣ⺩СģԸԼϲĶ˷ĬҲ᲻ˡ
СжҪԴˡ
ȻЩǺˣĬЩˣС˶ٶҲˢһ´ķ˳ȥֱسһȥ
ĬҲֻܸں׷ȥеҲɲһɣ˵Сһﻹ֪߲Ӱؾ䣡


58 ջ߲Ӱؾ1
ĬٶҲСĺٵڲؾдţⶵתתôС·ֱҪ˸ˣСǰ·ĬԼ϶ƲȥһؾôʲôֱԹһȻ·߲ȥô죡
һ㣬Ĭˣ·ƲȥҲܻʲô顣ؾʱ޶ģνǰʮܹӵнؾĻᣬҲڲؾ涺ܾãֻʱ䡣
ȵһؾͻԴһδ˸ųԾڲؾ·ˣҲ̫ĵģᱻ⡣Ȼľûڲؾֹ·ӵнؾĻѾǳˣﻹĻôɵ˷ʱԹ
ԹĬһˣôԵţ֮ǰЩǵһĵ伮ѧϰôҲͲ֮Сˡ
ﶼԼĹɣ˭Ҳ˵ǶǴ
еñʧÿһʵǺܹƽģ̫Ĺǡ
˴ƬؾʱСٶҲһǰͣȻĿĵˡ
ĬüһĪ߲Ӱؾţ
ĿɿԼǰЩ鼮ƺûпһ鱳д߲Ӱؾ⼸֡
Ҫҵ߲Ӱؾ𣿣ǲСֻûпⶫҲֻСˡ
ֻСǰתȦޱȷ߲ӰĶôһӿأ
СһһΪĬ飬ȻҪȻԺԼζ᲻Ļˡ
СһҲˣܲ˵سܳȥҪܵļư
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣƺղŻǵСһᱻ۸еˣСǿıѱ˸Ūɢ˶ԷӦимˡҲ߲ӰؾһҪй߰
ɸоԼǴһֻƢСԺһģⲻҪѱ˵ļҶ˵Ľ࣡ԺҪͷ۵ĵطˡ
ءǸֻû˵ڣСһѾܵĵڶƴһĳȥͺǰѳ̵ľʹ˳ղס
ĬʶźһֻϣҪ꼰ͺã˵õҪ͵ܵǶֹһһһصĻҲֵᷢİɡĬ鷳ֻСһŪ飬Ҳֻȥԡ
ȻԤ뵽鲢ûз˵ӦñСײܣȻԼȣһܿСײ
һɣȻܸӿˣСҲˣءһܴܵбͲҪѽұ֤㣡
вأ
ʵش
ĬɺݺݵһڿˮھȻܶܿ˵ˣѾˡ
ɣʲô
ȷһĬУǾԲ᳤·ģⶫȻᶯǹʲô
ȻĬ⻰һҲǸƽСеı֪꣬ԼˣһĬļϣܣߺߣŲҪأ
˸ɹҲˣ
һ壬ĬҪҪɢ˰ɣȻʵȻȥԭģָһָһĴСڿС
ߺߣɹأⶼ֪ˣ֪ߣ˵Сָҡҡ壬ȻڳЦСɡ
һϣʵĬҲҪͷСȷеˡȻǲ˵ģ˭СԼأ
ǺǣСǿɰʲôָĬһָҲǶ˼ֺ֮ġ
ء˵ٴΣˣǹǽָҲˣĬģƺҪˡ
Сһ㶼ָ׺ģĬ˵ǹ鲻ɴá
ߺߣ˵ûһ
ĬһһģҲܾ֮ǰʶˡ
ָҲˣһȻҪС⣬תĬྐྵȻܹо֣󻹰˳Ҳѵá
ҲҺýָǽָģĬָģ˫ϸشĬƺڿļֵж١ȻĬƶûɡ
źߣ㵹ǲ
ǽָĬۡ


59 ջ߲Ӱؾ2
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣǱһָ佱˵ĽֻǳĿǣôô֡ȻĬв˼ǣղŻ˶Էǹת˵е㾪ˡ
ʱҪСϳʱˣһһؿָźߣǵȻˣҵˣڿ϶ĬͬʱҲһԼ
˵СҲǵ֮ǰĬҪȥѰ߲ؾ飬пһֱǵ׮أڷ𣬡߲ʣϹţ˵ɣǸʲôؾȥˣҼҪأ
߲ʣƺĬǳ鴤ظˣС򲻻ΪֵĽָֽ߲ʾһ֪߲ӰؾɡȻ뷨ҲĬһСȽѶ·˵߲ʵĽָܰҵ߲Ӱؾ
ԷΪʲôҪӦأ
Ҳ֮кģʽһͺ޲ֱײȥ˵ĻҲԸǶԷ
ȻָķӦҲˣؿһǰҪæ
źߣҾ֪Ҳǣ߲ʽָҲɰˣⲻյĵطѾһϰʱ䣬õƢʼɻƢа˸ƷĽࡣ
߲ҲǵԼжûټһˣҪ䷢ⱻڰʯСƶѾĵҪɱˡŶ߲ھҪȥҲһ׵飬ûڵ߲ʾָ꣬Ȼǲ׾ôɢϵˡ
ĬһԭԼӦҲ߲Ӱؾ׼ѰˣָĿ֪ⶫôȻԶʵǰɷ֪߲ӰؾĬһм
Ĭôغ߲ʽָ˵СˣСһԼ뷨
˵ˣ㲻ҪŲ˵ȥˣܹһӺˣȻʹҳȥˣķ羰һƯǲҪⶫҲա
СжҲŨŨڴԺǿطȥһˡ˸˵ˡ
ĬһƺҲС뷨ˣһڲؾˣΪľˣκ鶼ȲҪøˡСô˵ţջ߲ʽָ
˵ͷͷãȻ߲ǰԸ֪ǾͲҪϢˣȥ𴦿ȵ֮Ҿʹȥ棬Ҫȥﶼԣ
߲Ҳǻ˼ɾһˣܹԼ£ռָΪϵ꣬Ȼǵ֮һ۵ʱͿԿĬС֮С˼ˡ
Ǿǿô죬߲ʿڲؾ߶ȴûа취뿪ʹϧ顣
ָǽָ˶ҲֻСΧģҪɣҪ뿪ؾԸѾ߲ʵݷ˲֪жˡҲԹٰ취ǶûܳɹܹȥĻԼǰϧĻ»ʹһӡ
ߺߣţ
ĬǴС뿪߲ʽָҲɼˣסԷ
Ĭԭװ뿪֣ĽָʲôʱⲻûѾסˡһǶĶˣ
˵Ƿ̩̫಻õ飬һжʼڱˡͺܲ
תָĬϻŹɫ߲ǰɻʲộ
Ѿˣ߲ʲòԼǱԷԶˣĬǹӣҲǺ˺ܶ࣬˵ͷĻ뿪
Ĭ϶ĵͷС򶼽һˣȻĬУĶˣȻҪͳͳߡ
ɲҪĬжٺøУûиůļ壬ܸĬٹСֻԼģΪġ
ǵȻĬ˵ȻѾСʯ˳ȻҲӦҪ
⻰߲Ҳоһ£ΪĬŹ뿪ͿȷˡĬȻǸƽ߲оֵˣСС˶Ȼˣԭ߲ʶΪûƽˣ
ƽ߲о֣
ҲǣĬƽ˲о֣СҲܻ
Ĭ˵ͷԣƽĲо֡
ɲ뵽ΪԼƽо֣м߲ʴ˶𺳣
úúãǲһʤһ߲Ҳɺݺݵظ̾һĬԽ϶ˣƽ߲о֣Ҳǲԣ


60 ջ߲Ӱؾ3
Ĭвɻһ˿ϲ߲ʽָĻĿ԰߲Ӱؾ
ǿƲסһĨЦݣȴҲԽˣ߲ʽָܲܿĶΪܹ߲ӰؾӦŶԷһҾ
ǰ֪߲Ӱؾ䣬м
ĬôӣȻǰСͲˣף߲Ӱؾ϶Ƕ˵ǳҪȻҲҪ
СݺݵصŽָķĬôʿˣŲ϶ǾͲҪˡȻҲôĺˣҪһ˵˵СҪĵطëˣ鵱Ȼһˡ
ȻС˵ΪҪľĬˣһжԼ˵Ϊ
ҲҺ߲ʽָĬһ϶Ļش
ˣò˵߲ʽָĬ⹧̬ȻǷǳأԵͷ˵ʲô֣ȻѾ׼߲ӰؾеһжԷȻҪ֪һڶԷϢˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷֱش߲ʽָ⣬Ĭ
ĬţֲȻǿһˣ֮ʲôǺõģ߲ʽָĬĿòһˡҪ߲Ӱؾô֪߲Ӱؾģ
˵߲ӰؾѾڴҵҰʧôãھȻ֪һ㣬߲ʽָﵹҲǶ˼ֺ档ѲֱڣŹ߲ӰؾĹ²ɣ
һ뵽߲ʽָвŨŨĽ
ǰǼĸѰҵġĬֱԻش
߲΢΢ͷвɶĬĸײ˼ֺ֮⣬뿪ͷ
ãȻܹٴһԵ֣߲ӰؾʵѾõһˡ
ĬҲסˣѾõ߲Ӱؾʲôʱ飬ȫûзְ΢΢üȻỳ߲ʽָĻش𣬡Ҫǰָ̣ʲôʱõ߲Ӱؾʲô֪
ĬɵӣͦСᣬôʱͿʼͿˣҲΪ߲ʽָϲĬˡ
ղŲƽ߲о߲ӰؾôܻƽǸо֣
߲ʽָĻĬҲɻһ˿Ȼԭ߲Ӱؾڲڸղŵİ棬ֲоЩӵƶǿһ𣬱һЩȻЩ߲Ӱؾˣ
ô˼Ѿ߲Ӱؾɣ
Ĭʲô߲ʽָһ۾Ѿ˳һЦô棬㿴Ĳ߲Ӱؾ򵥵һְˣȻΪô׾Ϳƽˣ
߲ʽָ⻰СѾŭˣԭôסǸ־Ǹν߲Ӱؾأʵ̫ɶˣ첻˴ؾҲҪԶˣһ뵽һ㣬С˶ˡ
СĿߣ߲ʵҲһ㶼⣬˵߲оֱ㣬Ϊ㻹ܺúõģ
һ㱻ڰϵ߲оĿľΪ˱֤СİȫСһﻹ̫Сֻаı֤İȫһԵˣҲᷢСˡ
Ȼ߲⻰Сڷ𣬡źߣҲŲҪأôǿʲôܴùҵģ
ȷСŲôһ㣬ʵȴѾǵһܿ־ĵزˣҪвСİȫȷһ׵顣Ȼô֣ǲòһЩ
ˣĬҲųˣҪ߲о֣ҲĬ߲ʽָһֱ֮ӺĳСˬģĬ˵ȻѾ߲оĵһأҲϰ߲ӰؾˣȤ
Ĭͷξǳ߲Ӱؾܲѧᣬⶼĸ׽飬Ĭ뾡һа취ȥʵ֡벻ֲܾҲϰ߲ӰؾĬ˵Կ˵һľϲˡ
ǵȻǳԸϰ߲Ӱؾ
Ĭ⻰شüΪᶨ
Ĭ϶̬ȣ߲ʽָãǶˣ߲ӰؾΪ߽׵ĹҪϰ֮˲书Ȼϰ߲Ӱؾĵһ㣬˵ûѧ书һܺá
Ĭ߲⻰в΢΢һ߲ӰؾͺΪһʲôûѧ书ͺһŰֽһͼ
ΪСͲ䣬Ľˣ߲Ӱؾǰûа취ϰˣ


61 ߲ʵİأ1
СһֱԱ߲ʵеҲǺܲΪȻƲƲ촽ҿСһлǺܲΪȻźߣ˵⻰ûô
˸Լ߲ܸŹ֣ԷСһ߲ʲڷ쭣ҪĬ̬ȣҪϰ߲Ӱؾ
źߣԺǾͻ֪ˣ˵ٶ඼ûж塣߲ҲԼİǧǰ·ϰȺ۵ŮˣҪΪһ仰ͱ۶١ƽȴĬİ
ǰȻ߲Ӱؾ֮ǰ֪Ҫβܻؾ
⻰ĬҲûпţǸղƽ߲о֣ؾ򵥳ѾΪ֮𺳵ˣò֮˵ĬҲپ书Ƕ߲ܺӰؾȡ
Ĭţ͹򵥵ĳٶȿ쵽һ̶ȣǶԷԼʵǿˣҲٶȡʤ͹һ㣬Ѿ˾Ȳѡ
߲ǹ˹۹⣬Ҫҵ߲Ӱؾĺ벿ɲǰ˵⻰ʱ߲ҲǰȻ
߲Ӱؾ߲ʽָ
˵֮ûʲôϵǲǻ˾þˣĬǰѾй룬ֻǲȥˣڸӿԿ϶е뷨ˡ
߲ǰͽ̣ĬٴΣϣ߲ǰָһ˵Ĭǳ߲ʽָķһ
Ĭľٶ䵽СУе㲻ˣݺݵص߲ʽָϹԽԽNɪˡԼԼľСҲֻùԹԵվһ߲ˡ
ã߲Ӱؾұѧ֮Ȿؾڿ԰Ȿؾȥˡ߲Ҳипѻ٣ȴһֱ᲻ñľѪӴʧ̳У߲Ҫ顣
֪Ĭƽ߲о߲֮бѾϿĬĴڣѾٵȥˣȻǰ˾һֱڵŵˡ
˵ĬԸΪʦҽ߲Ӱؾȫ㡣
Ĭ˵ֱӳ߲ʽָҪѧϰΪտĹȻٲ˰ʦѧһ㣬Ĭûʲôʦڰ߲ΪʦȻˡ
ĬݼʦģڵҲһ㶼٣߲ʿͷİʦźá
ڼ߲ҲֹĬΪ˰ʦĺͽ֮ѱϾѧڸĬãͽ벻߲ǧҵһĺͽ߲ʣĬΪʦǰѺ벿ֵ߲Ӱؾ㣬񣬺úøɡ
߲⻰Ĭʶ˫ۣ߲ʵָʾ¡ĬΪͽ߲ȻҲ˽߲ӰؾеݶǴڸĬ
ĬֻԼһӴ˺ܶܶĶЩĹԺţȫ̫ˣȻ߲˵֮ǰѧĲ߲Ӱؾǰ벿ֱȽϴǳݣݲΪ
һʱ֮䣬ĬȫЩ֮Уͺһ缢ƿʵˣ߹ããȻɳĮ֮ǿ޵ϣˮԴ޲ԼΪһݺݵغˮȸźá
Ĭģ߲ҲŨŨ⣬ͽ˸ڴţĬ´һ漣
СʱҲüΪɣ֪Լڹؼʱ̣ȻҲ
СӦԼһԶȻǱ߲ʽָһطĬһξ룬ҲӰ쵽
أ߲ţ㲻ҪΪ˵ʦҾˣСһʾԼԲ߲ġô꣬һһСʹûͣ¹
߲ҲЦˣİɣԺĬͺúĻҪʱһѣ⺢ҲףԺջдɣ߲ʵļУСҲˣɾҪ˵䡣
źߣǵȻҿеˣȻ
СĶǽ߲ʿ佱Ĭֱȿ佱ԼҪˡ
߲΢΢ҡͷСĬߣҲԷĲ٣ͬĬǸĺúӣԺȻչһδѵСһ
ãҲԷĲˡ
ףţôˣ˵ôоֵֹģСȻҲ߲ʽƽʱʱŮˣһᾹȻ˥ϵĸо
߲һͣȻСһﶼˣеĸпʲô飬Ǻõúأ߰ɣǻǹȥĬ⺢ӻɡ
źõأʴӱܿͿǹСĬǿʮأ⳯Ĭȥٶȿһ㶼


62 ߲ʵİأ2
һʱ䣬ĬѾһǳľ磬Ҳ˵һôĸоͺԼʹȻΪһ壬ɵ֮䣬׺һڣ̾ԼСʱ䳤ӵţܶʼ
һµľ磬ǲֻϵǿȣһĵḶֻ́ǿˣܹеѡһǿ֮ģϵؽ׷ӵľ磡
ʵﶼԼеĹɣͺڤڤ֮оһ˫ڿһһǸѭתһжô棬˿ƲסҪ̾
Ĭ˫ۣᷢԼ˿ѾγһصİΧȦΪԲģΧɢȥһһǳɫĿΧĬΧƺڱֺǱһֻȦʱƣƺҪѿеͳͳһԽԽأֱҪĬһӼһˡ
С߲ʶɱĬȻ֮ˣ
߲еľȺϲ֮鲻ԱͷȻûпˣĺͽȻ⼯֮˶ˣȻôܵ˵ĺ
СҰһ£ĹζڲţʶҪĬķӵȥҼʵ̫ˡ
ҪȥһȥɣĳɳҲкôġ
ղŵ𾪣߲ҲѾˣСҪȥ־Сģֱӿ˵
߲ʵǻôˣȻ͸ӶˣСڻܹ꣬ЩȻԺĳɳҲĪĺô˵ܴٽСһĳɳأ
ȻСͦƤģĬ̬ȴֵÿ϶Сøǿ󣬶ĬȻҲźôǻݵ˼
߲⻰СҲٿԼٵسĬ߷ȥĬͣЩɫĿƺҲܸܵСǺõģСһΧ˽ȥһγɵİΧȦҲ͸Ӵˡ
ԴһĻСĺҪгָо̫ˣ³һûа취ݵˬĸоͺĻһʲô룬ˣ
Ĭ絽Ƿʲôȴһ㶼֪ͺʼǱܵȡԽյĶһ㣬ͺԽǱ֡ͬһˮֵĺһȴûܰѰѺȫװ
Ҳ֪Ƕ˶ãѾʼһ𣬱÷ǳأ֮ɫҺ״ˣҲܱѹͣΧĿҲٳĬķ
ѾǴﵽˡ
߲ĿĬķ򣬲ò˵ͽܵȷǱԼҪ֡
߲Ȿ߲Ӱؾʱ򣬵ȷҲһСС춯ܿʧˣѾܸ洦ȻĬڵǵҪĶˣ
ҲҺĬҵĲؾ󣬾ؼ춯вؾţټ߲ʼӳֵıȦᱻһЩĵ˿Ҳǻ˲ٿܷ鷳¡
Ĭ˫ۣһ˫Եӻǳ۾
ĬԼЩˣôˣȻΧһһصɫȦ棬Լͺһĳһ㣬Щš
лһ˿ζֱĬ֣һɫĵǣ˲һԭʮּӲһӴѿ
ôˣ
Ĭ΢΢ĿȴһĨõЦݣȻǺġ
Ĭ߲ڿԷһŵ֮ĬͻˣܺãϲѾ߲Ӱؾĺġ
ʱ߲ʶҪеĽĬⳬǿһĹȻѾȫؾ֮Ե˲һһ棬ԶѾ߲ʱ
벻һ߲ӰؾˣȲĬˡҲҺ߲ʵͽȻЩܲʵˡ
ţʦˣ
Ĭصصͷ߲ӰؾԽһݸ򣬾ͲҪӸпؾ߲֮ԱߣĬԼҲȫеһ
ͽлʦָ㣬ʦ߲ؾĵطעٹĬĬҲôôĹ
ò˵Ĭǫѷģ׾ͻ˲øС
ãҲĬܺá߲΢΢ͷԼѧѾˣҲڿԷҲǵ뿪ʱˡѾһȵ̫ˡ
߲ʵĿ䵽ĬϣһԽԽ⣬ܺãīѾԼ˷ӡ


63 Ʒӡؾ1
߲⻰һĬҲ΢΢סˣԾüģ˷ӡзӡ𣡡߲˵⻰ʱĬȻ˲²ˡ
ԭ㲻֪飬ҲԣַӡѾټ˰ɣ벻˾Ȼϲӡ÷ӡ˱ҲС߲˵ĬڵķӡŶѾʮʱ䣬¾һͲӡˡ
ӡΣʮʱ䣬ӡʼЩɶҿҲᷢھȻôһӡֲ֮ǰܲо
߲˵ĻǺܶ࣬ȴҲѾ͸¶˲ϢֵĬкú˼ˡ
ĬⲻֲС󶼲һ䣬ӡùɡ뵽ҲΪ֮ǰܾ䣬ԲûϰκεĹȻҲ߲Ӱؾ
һѾźȻеĹ켣ֻҪȥһ󿴵⡣
ʦѾڵӡôǲǿԾˣвŨŨڴ˵ΪҪġ
Ȼ֮ǰڱϣĬƺѾЩˣôĲ⡣
ȷͱ˲һĶ壬õĳɾҲЩ֮˲ĬСϣԼܹǱһ䣬⼸еһִˡ
ôѾƽڵӡǲǾǿԺһ䣬ĬͲһֻڸտʼʱҪһ·꣬ôܼʺ磬Ӷȥϧ֮׵ĳɾ͡
ԣ˵ĲѾԼʵڵЩӡȫƣԺ·ӳͨ裡߲ҲɴŨŨ͡
ĬģѾʮӣǿŸղĬƷӡ֮ھۼľǿɲһ㡣Щ˲ԴĬһȫһľ磬žڷܵ˵ĺ
Ĭô꣬һֱûзɣŵһڵЩȥ
Ĭ룬ֱ΢΢ͷ߲˵ȥоԼںԴԴϵľһЩı滹һɫĹΣȻڵɫѾγ˹һ
⻹Ĭһμڵľ꿪ʼ䣬ûа취оͺԼһ޵׶һòһ㾢֮ȫˡ
ȻȫһЩ΢ɫǿĳźڵľͨһһΪСĵʹЩԼķȥ
ʵĬͲ˵ģɫǳͺ֪ĬһΪ˳ӵ˳⣬ŵķȥ
໡
Ĭһ¶ĪɫŶСҲŲѣҪԱ߲ţһᶼѾֱӳ˹ȥأ˿źʹ࣡
ҪȥĬڳȼ߲ⲻﵱȻҲĬţȴǲֳֺҪ֪ڵķӡ֮ĬܹԼʮľ󵽴ʲôλá
Ȼ߲ӰؾԿ˵ǾƷеľƷԼǿܶĵˣҲˡĬĵȼȥȻպͱ˶ս˸İա
СĲ£Ǿ߲˵ڹȥȥĬġֻǿŰеĽź͵ģһ˲˲ضĬһߡֻҪ΢һ㲻Ծ͵һʱȥ
ĬڵĸоҲȷǲܣЩɫľȥԼĵ֮󣬾ͿʼڵľڲѿѾ֪ʲôʹѾʹľһžĸоɡ
ѲɱҪʹ࣬Ĭ֪ܵжʹ
ܹ飬һҲʮˣòײſôܻ׷
ȫľǱЩɫˢһ飬֮ڱ»ָһһľʹҲǺ˺ܶࡣ
ôһ֮󣬵ȵеľϣ˶ҪˣĬ֪ԼѾûֱ֮˹ȥСۼֿ죬ԼסĬֱˤڵط
ĬѾʡ£СͲɸӽˣϺĬ֣ȻѾ̫ˣѾûȥӦС
ˣˣô˰С֮Աô죬ô죡
߲ʽָĬķȥϼһĬɴЦ˳벻⺢ӻⷬ컯ҲõˣѾûˣ̫ˣ˯ȥˣͺá


64 Ʒӡؾ2
ʱܿ͹ȥˣĬڲؾпջడ
Լӡǣ̲סһ˯˹ȥ֮Ҳ֪ˣԼô뿪ĲؾҲһ㶼ûӡ
ĬˣӼڷʱһǶǱؾԶ˳ĬȴǻԵ״̬ǱЦˡڳҲֻһĬţŻԲѵĬ뿪
ĬӽŹĵӣвһů΢΢ͷѾкüûкˮɤӸɬ֮ҲΪ
ӣôҲӦڲؾ𣿣
ں淢飬ĬӡûУֻѯˡȻΪŵĻС߲ʽָڶѾ뿪˲ؾỹ棬ˡ
Ҳ֪Ĭڲؾ淢ʲô飬ĶۣȥˣҡҡͷĬһӡûôȥġǶǵȵʱһؾԶͳģֻǻԵ״̬ҾͰˡ
򵥵ĬҲһţĿⲻӣ㿴ҳʱûпʲôĶһĬҪʵ⡣
Ȼǲ֪Ĭ˵ʲô飬ͣúһ£û֮䷢ʲôһ顣ҡҡͷҺûп
ע⵽Ĭлʧ䣬ҲЩѹⶫӦǶĬ˵ǳҪİɡһ£ûнҿȥʱ̫ţûע⵽ɣǻͷȥ
ĬһҲһţС߲ʻڲؾ棬жѣҪ취½ؾһأԲܷǱ档
΢΢˵ͷõģ֪ˣˡ
Ǹ֮Ҫ˵ЩҲ˭㰡ųǸңҾͲСӲϻȥˬʵһЦؿһĬĬ̫ˣһûУҪ೤źã
⻰ĬҲɺݺݵس˳ǣ⣬С˵һ򵥵鰡
źðɣ֪ˡĬȻҲף⻰ҲڹԼ΢΢˹׼ȥؾ̽һεȲˣһΣգҲס
Ҳ֪ĬʲôȻƣģˣĬѹ۰ɣҲϢˡʲô飬ȵ㻺˵
ҲСĬ΢΢ͷܿ췿ֻʣĬһˡ
ǰĬûбֳеĽţһˣüšҪ黨һˣôͻȥˣС߲ʦأҪôźã
Ҿ˵һҵģСӷֻһ׹⳯ĬɹϤĳĬһϲ̫ˣСһˣôʦأʦǲҲһˣ
СĬҲ΢΢һȻСԳô߲ʦҲһԳˡ
ȻС˵߲ʵҲźߣ
Ĭǰһ̫ˣǶˣһԺǷʲô飬Ѿûӡˣʦôģ
ǻ棬ĬҲ϶Ҫ취ȥӪǣȻѾˣҲԷĲ١
Ƿ˵ɣǿȥˣҰסӴС򻹲ĬһȻһأǿؾڶȻҪ˸ͳȥˡ߲ʷӦ죬յָ棬ָϣǾͶһˣ
ĬܿҲѾС⻰Ŀⲻ䵽ԼֵĴĴָϣȻǶһöˮͨ͸İָⲻ߲ʼĵطʶҪѽָԼʦǳ̫ˡ
öָ߲ʲĵطӦ÷ϣһĬĺס
߲ܿʵֹĬĶȻΪʦѾˣΪʦֻܼľö߲ʽָ棬ԭҵһöȻѾ̳ҵ²öָȻҲӦý㡣ҲýָģĴ߶
߲⻰ĬҲ΢΢ͷò˵⻹Ǻеģ΢΢һ£öָǺãʦĬھ㱣öָȵָöָģͽա
ΪʦžŰɣԺлΪʦĬΪʦһõĽָȻ߲ô˵ţʵﲢΪԼһТĵҲǼΪ⡣
ǼȻʦô˵ˣĬöָպ󶨵ΪʦѰһöӺõģĬ˵


65 С
ˣû¾̫ˣСӷĺֻ֮Сһˢһ´ɫĺβɢͺǽɡһȻ־·ĸоҲֱұĸоȻǺ걾ɫɡ
ĬǲԾ΢΢֮ǰôûпС꣬ԭСһǶںˡûʲô󰭣ֻͻƾʱþȫԲŻ۵ֱӻȥˣСŹĵӣһ˳ֽסС꣬ģû¡
ţû¾ͺãЦЦˣСİĬһĬӲؾʡ£ﶼ֪жš
ذСŵ˳ƤëĬ֣΢΢˫ۣܾü첻Сֺࡣ
ЦЦû˸㣬㳤˰Ĭ룬СⳤٶȣԺ᲻ᱧСһﰡǲ΢΢ȴϷʵЦݣЦЦҪΪеĴŮ
ĬϷʵСҲըëˣôˣȻЦˣ
ĬҡҡβͣתԴĲȥССצס۾ĳ˰ҲûгԺܶɡ
꣬꣡СشЦԭСһ̴ܽĬĻСظоԼĵλܵвȻһֻôȵС꣬ҲΪѵǫһ£ռһ°ɡ
Ĭô˵С껹̣˾;Բˡ

С곯Сķ¶ݣצһָ׾ҪСϮȥСץˣζ϶ҲܡҪ֪Сһצӣǰһʿ׵˸ǲ֪ССʲôЧ
СѾĬΪСһȻСҲ֪СǺԼһĻ飬Ҳֵ̫͡
һСѾĬһ˳ȥܲ˴ܣΧ˵ߣĬ廹ûȫãһСıһ£Ǿ͸Ӳˡ
ĬµĿСһһ𣬾Ȼȿֹл˼ضˡ
ССû˿ҪǫŶԷ˼СһצץСٶȼ죬Ĭ㿴СĶһݣ첻С꣬Сһﲻֻӣٶǿ˲١
С򵽵һ㣬Ҳû뵽Сô죬⧲ֱӰ˶ԷһצӣءһŵҲҡ
ĬһС򲻻ᱻСһצӸŪ˰ɣűĿֲȻ˸Ͳˡ
һ㣬Ҫ˱˴ˣ
ĬһȣɲԼոͱ˵ɴһΧҪ͵
߲ʵԱ𣬡īİɣѾﲼ˽磬ǲῴ淢ʲôġ⻰Ҳ˵ĺСһˣ˶졣
Ĭǳ˳飬ķ䰡ȻᱻСһˣܻῴʱҪôͱ˽ֻ͡ϣСһ΢עŵ㡣
һСոձСһצӣȻôʹСһﲻɸоԼܵص˺أҪ𣡡
СڵسСţСһᷢ״ģôڱҲʲôı仯Ӳ˵СнˣСȥһм⣬ߺߣ㵹ǹѽ㡣ߺߣһëûгĳСӣ
СôôСҲǷһСȥԶһԭᷢĹ澹ȻɫĹΣѤĿ
ССҲоȻֹĿ־Ȼ𣬲ʶ˼ӭСһ
СҲɫ˫ѣεĹʣһ˲¶һ߲ʵĹΣСԽұĿ
Ĭ΢΢࣬ԸоСⱾ˲٣֮ǰжսһʱȻѣ֮ˡ
ȻһֻβϾҪβˣ
߲ԭֻС굱ƷֱȽ϶ص翪ܿԡڿСһʩҲɾһ£ɿһСͽĬжˣһֻһľβ
߲ôһ˵ĬҲע⵽ˣĿһͣСͷųһְȻȻʵβԱѾһβ͵Ӱ
СҪͻˣ
ԣЦЦһֻβʦҪͻֹǣͻƿɲС£ʱӰ˺ĳɹòʧ
ЦЦС򣡡
Ĭһ


66 С껯ˣ1
˵ʱʱ죬ͷϵСһյס֣֪ӦĬĻͣСþȫһҪջȻѾǲܵˡջҲֻ΢һƣǻԼҲܵˡ
һӵʱ䣬СѾײСγɵ߲ѤĹ档СԼϣ̺޾űһĹΣҪƿɲôһ׵顣
ԭΪһʧıȦһСôһײ֮£Ȼƿ˺ܴѷ죬߲ʵĹκСĿĹɫĹξȻϵһγЧһͺˢһµˣɲǼǶĿĹʻ磬Ĭ۾ò˫ۡ
ʲô
ĬнţС껹С򣬶϶С飬ϣκһܵˡ
С꣬С򣡡Ĭǿ˫ۣʶǳķȥ˿ĹѾһ㣬Ĭܲ۾Ҳͳܹȥ
˿СһҲ֪ղŵǷʲô飬ͺ񲻹ǵ𻨵ʱ䣬һжѾָƽһ㡣
ĬʶҪȥڵطһĹȻϴȵĸоջ֣üĽҪô찡ŵüģ͸ŵĵɫ
ʱҪ߲ʹοһĬŵȻ߲ڽָ棬緢黹ָƣܵĬеĵģ˵īҪģСһﶼû¡
⻰Ĭһϲ۾ҲһﻹʲôСһﶼƽ¸Ҫˡ
Ĭỳ߲ʻеʵԣǿƲסͷĵģŵʵʦôˣû𣡡
İɣڵСһҲ˻ˣĬԱΪ֤ǣҲҪȥϢˡ߲ʲûаѻ˵úֱû
ĬüģĿ䵽ϣ̾һҲգҾΪǻһҪҪҵİ
ĬķǶԭһСѾܲˣ֮ھСҲ˹ģ
ֻĬͨκͱɫֱĸС꣬ĸС
Ҳ֪˶ãɢ߲ʹεĹȷ춯Ĭע⣬Ŀⲻɽ߲ʹ򣬡СҪˣ
Ĭ⻰һ䣬ƺǹСҲܵĬڴ͵ģǲ̵ѵĸӿˣӵʱ䣬߲ʹĹȫ£߲ʵƬɢڵط¶С˶
ˣСһｿεĺ촽ջһ˿ƲסΪ֮Ҫǰݺݵһ׷
ҪǣչĬǰСŮƬƣָƵƤ״һ㣬һͻһŵķΣòʤա
ĬҲɱǰһĻջһͻȻʲôԼıҪһʶҪתĿ⣬ѾԼһƻ
СŮ޹񣬱ΪһĬɸоԼڶԷǵĿ֮£ȻԵ˵
ˣôѪˣСŮ֣زһĬӣлһ˿ϷŰĿ⣬ƤؿĬɵˣҲЦЦԻס𣡺ߺߣôЦЦƯɣҪ˼ʲôǾͲɣ
˵ŻСŮҼСģֱջ˷
ʲôҪʲôͲɣ
ĬһҲӦŨŨľϲС꣬Ȼˣ
С꣬ЦЦ㻯ˣ
СŮԸеĺ촽һ̶ǶĬĻߺߣˣڲŷ˼һˣǱˣҲҺĬǸŮӣȻڷǰ˵С͵˲ɣ
ĬҲ˳СĶС§סСѾͷԴ׾ĶȴС⣬ܹܵĬж۰СŮǵЦҲԽˡ
ˣ˼ҶѾˣյŮӣɲܽСˣЦЦ˼ЦЦСŮٴǿ
ĬиˣȻʲôͬ⣬ãЦЦЦЦЦЦɹͻˣʲôȼ֮ǰܵʲôˣĬΪ顣
ĬĹģСҲǸˣİɣˣڿǺõúܣǸô˵ҵģҲǰСҲû뵽Լܹô˳ףܻγɹˣˣЦЦѾβأ
ԭΪ˳β;ѾܺˣڹУЩСЩɫҲ˲٣˵β֮󣬾Ȼ˳˵βͣʵԲͬն
̫ˣ֪СĽûܵʲôˣĬΪοˡ


67 С껯ˣ2
ߺߣأˣ͹ֻˣ㶼ˣСȵںȻĬһȫǹСûʵʾǿҵĲ
Ĭôܻ᲻СأתͷСⲻСͻеһ˽ܲˡ
С򣿣šĬɳ˳ǣͻȻɾڻǳƺΪСеʵˣС򶼲ᷢѽ
֮ǰСĬǰֵӶӣǾзۣĬҲûȥ֮СôһģǼˣôֻĸо
СɲСڿС֮󣬿ƲסЦԭһųûгëĳС˵Ĺһ㶼
⻰ĬǲɴһĵֻС򣬲˵Ļǰ벻Сı徹Ȼһֻûƿǵļ
Ǽһֻ𣿣
ҲͺˣС򵽵ʲôչ˺Сһģʵ⼦ҲͦɰĲǡ
СС⻰˲䲻ˣʲôһֻûгëĳûʶ£Ǽ֣ܺȽϵġ
ߺߣŲǼأСһؿһڻĬСŮСһҲôǵģǲ֪ߵ꣬ƨɵĳ֪߲֪꣬ߣ
СҲץסСʲôӣ鳰ȥȻò˵С곤ĻǺƯġС˵Ų⣬Ҳڴֻ궼ˣȴǱһֻӣ
ʵ̫ƽˣ˼ҲҪƯƯİ
С걻һֻЦˣôУСѾͷ˲ʹĬĻ˳СŮĬϵŻ˵ļüһĽҳƯɣֻŲھͰˣ
СڱСŮӣһֲһֻﻹץһüһݣģ䵽ĬеҲǼΪɰġ
֪ôģĬоȻһԼûгףѾһɰĹŮ֮ټһֻյļĸоԺӿǾԲᵥ˰
˺ˣҲҪˣЦЦѾɹˣôС򣬶ôˣĬСϰǿż˻ĵСһ鲻ãİѼˡ
СԭݵӣȴǱһֻ۵ļ㶪·Ϲƶû˻ȥӣеԽܡ
оĬеΣôһ˿˵ĸоСӦ˵С͸ӲˣһίĿĬֻϧĬ˿ģ濴ϵί
ءˣҲˣһҵӣôôడ㲻Ҫ𣡡˵СίҪˣӡСֱ̫ˣӦõˡ
Ĭ΢΢˹һСһص˵㼦ĵǣô᲻ҪأֻǾ仯е󰡣ԭһֻûƿǵġţޡĬ룬ԭֻǱ˻ȥӣӦʲôްɡ
ʱ߲ʵĿ䵽Сϣԭı徹Ȼ߲ȻСһڲؾҲмʱ䣬ֻСܾúܾ֮ǰˣԭСһﻹܵܶòУ˳߲оְСӡ
Ҳ߲ʵһμСı壬дŨŨľȣԲʲô򵥵ĶⶼǼʱ䶼ûƿǣظղССֻĶǿŴٽСһĳɳɡ
ߺߣһֱСҲˣھֻ궼ˣȴһֱӣⲻƽҲҪ
Ĭĵ˵СĵǣҪżҲܿͻữεģ㻹Ҫȴӵǡ˵⻰ĬҲһ⼦ӴôаԺвɱĸһѼСḶ́
СķҲҪôɣܾ;úÿ¡
ҪӵҪӵСƺҲܵ˴̼һղֻ겻Ǵӵ֮ͱһСŮҲһԡȵʱһ˧Ĵ˧磡
ĬӦСѾԼĬ˳ֱӳǽڵķײȥСһҲúֻҪѵײˣͿԳˡ
ĬС⶯ֱҪŵˣСһĲҪ˲ɣ̫ˡС򣬸һ
ȻҪס嶯µСҲһ׵顣
#####ƼһġѰѨ֮Ĺ顷ߣү 飺ԣŮĹˡ Դ˵꣬Ĺ꣬ŵĹҵĴˣʼһĹ¾֮á


68 С
ĬСô׾ˣȻˣСôӲǣôײ£ô׾أ
ĬͷİɣСһײƵġ߲ʵЦСüײǽڣûзκα仯ԱߵʯǽȻСײ֮ºеѺˡ
һĻĬҲɺݺݵس˳ǣߵǼ˶ٲ˼Ķ⵰ǵҲǼ̵ĺݰ
ôļСһ㶼ŹЦСĻᣬؾĬҲЦ˳ʵС̫Цˡ
ءӣǶǻˣҲҪ˵ˣ
СίҪ޳ˡ
ģĬЩĲˣ°˵С˻ҲҪܣǵʱͻԼˣʵҲͦɰѽܿɰĵԺ㵰ɡ
ĬһοĻɹЧСĬﶯ˶֮תͷĬҲԱɺյӣһǸ˧硣ţ
ĳСһҲǺϲֵģҪɴ˧磬ҪһĹ̰ɡ
СϲĬȵˣͿڶԷһǶƲ˵Сƨķϣʹ󷽵ԭ˰ɡ
Ժ㣬ɡ
ǲСС꣬ΨһҴľβǧĴУһķʽԿںֻҪܹﵽһľ磬ͿԽܵЩˣȻСȻȫڵĴУ֪ʶĴԲС
ͱ˵ڣС껹ĴԼļҵҪôܴٽСİ취ŶԷΪѰæɡ
СӦ˵ǵ⻰ǰһǵԼжˣѵĻл𡣡ϴϴһҪѽ
ôȵģ֮ǰҪܣһӱô˳ӣֱӿڽСϴˣôһתĬҲǺܾȡСӵҲܻῴ˰
ЦЦа취ٽ𣿣ϾΪҪģȻϵžһֻͨӣڵôԲʲô򵥵塣
ôţСҲЩ˼ˣ˵ͷţӦܴٽǲҪЦңҪ֪Ḷ́ľĸСһҪůǣȵһڹ⵰Ǿͻѿʱ򵰵˳ˡ
Ϣ˵ľҪˣô꣬лƿˡ
һСĻϴϴһҪѽҸͽˡ
ۡĬ֪ôģ⻰һֹЦУСܹమ̫ˣЦЦԺ󵰵ͽˡ
ðɣǷİɣƹ˶ãͻˡ˵СŮذżغãСģǺĵˡ
Сһת㿪ĬɻߣʱǷӦԼʲô·ûдȻʱСһѩ׺ÿëȻõµ⣬ڱΰ·㱼ʲôģǲõġ
ˣ˼һûд·СŮԹ𣬿ĿĬ˲Ĭܵǿѹ
ԼС곤ôɰƯԲñĲ˸°ˣէʲôĸӲˡ
ЦЦһ£Ĭˢһ´ӴߣһӸСϣǾķɲǼǱӸЦЦҺ˵Ժڵʱ򣬾Բϸһ·
ĬжǿʱˣתͷǷԼĹӣĬԼ·Ͳ࣬Ӳ˵ǺС괩·ˡϰ죬ҵһȽİɫ۸Сꡣ
ЦЦΪȴɣʹȥ·ȥǰСԼҹŮˣԼ·ˣȴ뵽ҪСȥ·˵Ҳǳְ
ţллˣСǰһ֪ҲĬҵõ·ˡ
ϴϴҲҪһȥ·㲻ҪѽСڴϣ˲ͲˣԼϴҪôôѽ
С겻һ죬ȥ·ŵʲôɫʵҺܿͻˣ
ءɫǺõбʾԼίֻǲҪ뿪ϴˡ
ĬҲЦһԻ̫аˣ˵ҪѹЦЦŮӣкӣ͵ϴ·ŮбڵСʱҪǿȻҪС˵һɫˡ
ءðɡһӦôôίء
⻹ǲ֪ǲӦ˵Ĭ̫ȼ֮ˣԺɹĵ޷˰


69 ʯʧ
ĬһһƬɵգֵ÷һֲҴš
ҵļҲһĽţǶı飬ֻܰе˼궼ͳͳѹȥüĽŵĿϣβؾǳʲô춯
ҲɸоԼıĺܣǼļϣλؾĳϣԶʩȴһ㶼ûа취ﶼ֪Ҫжٱˡ
ؿһ죬Ҳûжٷϵģβؾô춯Ҳ
Ŀ䵽ؾĵطҲҪȥ浽ǲʲôֻǷˡڲؾô꣬ڲؾѾˣԼȻûнȥһ˽ȥȴǿԵһʱܵ
Ȼʮؾļӵо˽ȥˣҲûʲô˵ģ˵һĺ󱲡Ȼʮ֮Щ뿪ؾԭ֧ŲؾתȴѸٵĿݽߣΪĵ顣
˺ݺݵšüģ˴ӲؾһڲؾתҪʯѾˣⱦûò˶ãҵĲؾҲͺͨĲؾˡ
ƽ˵Ļȴڳе˶һҪ֪ܹռĴǵλãҪһ㣬ǲؾı֮ؾͨĲؾһҵĵλƱػܵصĴ
Ҳǽؾ⵽ʧԼûĿʱȥˡ
ɺݺݵս˫ȭҵĲؾ䱸ôʲôܹ͵͵ȥôҪʯУܹάֲؾתĶȻǼΪҪʯˡ
뷨Ҳûʲô⣬Ҳš
κвɻһ˿ݵİâ˵˵̫ҪˣһҪһʯСǼղ˵ʲô˲ܴߴʯ
һЩﵽʲôʯȷǲˡ
ܽؾ󣬲ҵʯҲνؾļӵܴߵİɡǰ⼸ͳͳйǸ˽ʯͺá
ҲصصͷĶҲʹˣЩҲ⣬άֲؾתʯȫһˡ
Ҫʮ˺úõһԲܷŹն֮ˣκڣĿתתŲ⵽˭ʯôܰ⾧ʯһȴҲһûᣡ
ô̵ʱ䣬κѾ뵽һ⣬ϴĬӹһ٣ýŲؾʧԵ飬ȥҲýеһŭ
ǲĬʯκ취׮飬һԵôܹλãһҪȥС
ϺκҲѾʾô꣬κʲôῴףҲҪˣɲĬӱκӺˡ
ÿﶼڴŲͬ⣬Ϳ˭ռϷˡ
ûмǴĻؾӵܿɲֻʮ˰ɣеʮһˡǹ˹˵⻰ôҶһ¡
Ҫ֪ؾɲʲôС£ⶼǾõ飬ֻͨ˲ӵʸؾ󣬿ûоؾ
ôܣֻǰʮӵʸؾʮһʲôزסģֱӴֱܽ
лһ˿ЦݣĿȴ䵽κϣеĺҲѾǳˡκΪԼ飬˭Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
ǾҪʴˡ
⻰һҵĿͳͳ䵽ϣɺŨŨɻǴ
κô˿ţвһ飬˵Ƕôʲôô֪顣˵ƺΪ֤Լ׵ģݺݵصϣ˵ע㣬֤˵
κôһ룬ҲᶨǳȷԼǳΣͲŻᱻϸ˲ɡ
µΪиӻˡ
û֤ݣȻҲᵱô˵˵⻰ˣǹ˹ǺǣϣҪ˵ǵĴϿĺ
⻰һɲ˵κΪܹؾ֮ƻ˼Ĺ涨
Ǳ飬˻ţΪĻȴҲֵˡϾһӣǳ谮ľͷ˶ɾȡ
֮ǰκǻ˲ٹ򣬲е˶ͬǰʮܽؾѧϰʵ˵Ϊ˭뵽ֻô춯Ľе˶ˡ
ҿɴκһãȻҲкü峤ϿκɣκܴԸɶ͵أ


70 ֮ĶԼ1
ϣΪĳϣӦҵĹ涨ôܹΪһ֮˽˼Ĺ涨峤ϾƽκĳˣֻϧƽʱҲκô죬;ԲܷŹúôԷĻˡ
κһͣЦЦĿ⣬ԷĶһһɺݺݵս˫ȭûУôܻƻ˼Ĺ涨ԽʱԽǲܳ׮飬Ȼ͸Ӳˡ
ݺݵս˫ȭֻҪ˽ˣ׮ǾԲôŹˡκ͵ĿŽЩԼŸɵˣһҪȥͲһ򵥺úŪˡ
κôţ峤Ҳһͣɵһò˵ôκѾγ˷ǳǿƣһֻҪ̫Ӱ죬ҶʶŶԷһҲ͸κŵ档
κǲɹһĨЦݣԼɵЧǺġףѹűˣֻжԽĲ⣬һ죬ЩԹͲͳͳչ¶ʱͷ۵ʱˡ
ϿɲŹᣬ˵ʲôҪڴҵǰ¶κĿȻ֪ҪȵԺʲôʱܰ⵹κ
ߺߣⷬҪʲôΪûˣΪһ˵һáϺָκеĺ壬⻰һȻǸӼеĲ
ûָ飬Ҳô࣬һ˵˳Ƕҵĳϣһĵλȴκѹ棬һôܷ
ر峤ϣƽʱʱʲһھ͸ˣӦղžȻǱκƸŵˣϵ˼ȻҲκ֤ݣһ峤Ͼ͸ӲܷŹˡ
ߺߣκôʲô峤üһһϴ֣ʲôǲϲκⷬɡ˵κΪӣ취ŪؾǾ͸Ӳԭˣ˵ɣǲǿκͷӰŪؾˣ
׮ص㡣
κͲҪἰ飬°˳ɺݺݵüģ㵽ʲô˼ǿ˻ôģ㲻ѻ˵ҲŹ㣡Ҳˡ
첻ɺݺݵüģ⼸ϼһ𶼲֪мˣȴﳳ첱Ӵֲ֣ÿڴϡ
ǺǣԼ飬㻹һҪҵŴҵ˵ɣǲɹһĨЦݣģ䵽κУûҵʲô֤ݣڿأ
һκҲؿˡ
κеﱣ֤ҿ϶ΪԼ棬ԭûʸؾ˽ȥκ⻰˵Ŀ϶Ҳ˲û
Ͼڵκ˵⻰أǹ˹Ǻǣһһϵ飬˭ϲóȻôû
κҲǱŸƵ˾һݣã˭ҵ֤ݣ˵κҵĹ涨Ըʹ˴ȥҴϵλãѾκĳ̶ȣȻҲǶòʲô֤ݲŸ˵⻰
ã
صصͷκעĻһִᷢ˿϶ѾЦһֻóѵϺһ׼õȦˣ͵κȥأ
κϸƵ˵⻰ȻҲǲ⣬ݺݵضϣԵĻҪɱˡ
ߺߣȻô˵϶Ҳܲ⣬Ȼ˵˽Ҫ֤ݲС㲻ṩ֤ݣҲȥⳤϵְλɡκڱϡ
һλϣϺ峤Ժһ·ģλϻˡȥϣ峤ֱĿ˾ȫΪˣʱĿԳΪһã
峤⻰ͲˣϵдŨŨĽţɲܱκˡҪӦǻƻΥҵĹ涨ֲһҪṩ֤ݵġ
峤ģ͸κзˣüһԷǳ϶ǿ϶û֤֤ˡ
ߺߣǲû֤ݣͲҪ˵ߺߣ
ϲЦˣȻ϶Ѿô˵ˣҲӦԵ̫ƽˣôڣرҲڣ֤ҵؾ֤ݣϵλþ˰ɡҲܣԸȥְλ
⻰峤ǵģⶼκĹƣǺο֪࣡ô꣬һֱҰ취ȥκŶҲӦøĴ۰
ԭһֱ˵ϾȻҲ˽˵Ŀⲻ䵽ϵϣλµĳϣɻС
ʵ˵ȻԼô˵Ҳȷϻ᲻ͬ⡣


71 ֮ĶԼ2
ԭӦûУǽ׮飬ȴҲ¡
΢΢ͷãϷ֤ϾҲغؾ飬͵˽ؾϷԲܹϢ
һ仰ȻǳκȥģⰵһκҪʲôԼݵ飬ȻҲŹ
ôţκҲɿʼھٽҲ޼£ְֻаϣϲҵʲô֤ݲźá
춼ͷˣղŲؾʯʧԵ黹ûвֶһϵ飬һ֮ﰡܹҵκͽؾ֤ݣ˵Ҳò˵һ¡
һκҵ飬ҲˣһҾȫϣȵ֮ǻĬܿͿԷΪµˡҪ飬ҪԼϲĶӼ̳еһС
ò˵ѾĬӷˣҪôҲˣǾҲǺһЩ˵ķˡ
Ҳ˵˰ɣҾ͸һʱ䣬ϣó֤˽ؾ֤ݡҪ֪ҵĳϣҵˣΪһԼ棬͹Ķǣ˼档
˵һ㣬ҲŨŨʧжһĳϾ̫ĲϿɣⶼʲôʱˣȻڶ
ôһ˵λ϶ɴԴͺһҳѵ˵ĺӣһȴķڷһϣǵȷòںܶʱĸԼ棬ҪΪʲô
Ͻѵǣܽˡϲɿ϶ͷò˵˵Ļȷʵǻںܶ෽棬ȷĻ
Ҳϴģֻһʱ䣬ץɡﻹͦϲϵģǴ۾Կһ˵ģϵУ̰ȻκȴǿԿ
κһϲԭΪƫǣڿǡ͸һʱ䣬Ǹʮʱ䶼һҵ֤ݣӲ˵һˡ
ⲻȻǰģҲԣһֱŲؾȻ˵ȥⲻ˵ʧ𣬶һ˽ȥûעⰡⲻȻڴϵ
ôһ룬κﶼҪֿˣ˭ãһҪϣٸԼ鷳ͲҪˡ
ϵ̬ȣȴҲһĸǣϲҵκ֤ݣôҲҪ鷳ˡ
ϣܹҵ֤ݣ첻ɿϣҲһ˿š
˽ŵĿ⣬ȴǲЦˣǶҪôҰѹġ
ģȴôôҿĺܽŵӡ
κҲһ̫ϤˣһĨŨŨΣСǱˣа취
ϵЦҲѾ֤һС
ǴҶµ˰ɣҲ˵ģͱˣԼֲԸϣҲò˵̾һģκУôôۣҪ˰
⻰һԼջκȥǵԼȴǱǱȱƲˡκɺݺݵս˫ȭҪľûмôҪġ
ߺߣ㵹ǰ֤óѽκﻹǲţԼѾϸ֤ݡ
ȻʱκҪĥţϼȻ˵⻰ȻʾԼҲһİգȻǶô˵ˣܹܲǵϣǡ֪֪֪һʯͷ¹ʯ
¹ʯЩΪ峤ϵϼһȻ᲻֪¹ʯϡ֮ѵ¹ʯ
¹ʯ˼壬¹֮γɵʯͷ״£ϸºͣΪҪǣһôǼ¼һʱ䷢飬֮ٴǰ
˵¹ʯѲɾ¹ʯҪ֪¹ʯϡƷеļֵȻҲƣ¹ʯҲ࣬˵¹ʯ֮󣬴еĺ֮ҲȫҪ¹ʯʲôģ
㲻¹ʯ¼һĻ˰ɡҲƲס˵
򱡴϶ĵͷԣÿһĻڴﻹһö¹ʯͼ¼϶Ҫ̾ԼҲǺõˣȻſκӣǸ֮һͷԱ߾һ¹ʯͺ찲źõһ
˵Ҳ¹ʯչʾڴǰɣ¹ʯ


72 κ̨
¹ʯһ֮ǰлΪκԭжٹ˼ɣﶼǿƲס¹ʯĺ֮ģΧ˹ȥҲֵøˣ¹ʯתڴǰչʾ֮ǰһĻһĻȫСĴϺһģһҪ˵Ǳ˶ܡ
κһģݺݵؿ¹ʯҪȥʹҵҲﻹţȻݲ
¹ʯͶĻչڰɫǽϣȻκ˵ģȻǴǵıжҲԲµ⵽ڷʲôˡ
תκҲ֪Ǻ˵ʲô˹ں棬֮ؾĴŴ򿪣κ֪Ǻ˭˵ʲô֮ǸӵԴŲԵǵͷͬˡκʲô취ʹŶԷòӦ
֮忪ʼСһСӵģ⻹ǲڱСǸӷĻͣǸ߽ؾ
찡ѵǴ˵еǹɣ̫ˣ
峤ϴûм飬ɺݺݵؾ̾ԱߵҲͬˡ
һȴǿԿ϶Ǿκ뵽˰취Ŵҵ˲ؾְ취˴ҵߣҲܹˡ
Ͽ¹ʯչֳĻ棬ɺݺݵüģȻİ취˲ؾ󣬶Ϊؾĳϣֱϡ
ǺǣǺõĺܰڵҵҲ
һԵķôҶһ͡
Ҫ֪϶˵ǷǳҪĴڣԳϣ˵⻰ȻҲǶҳΪˡ
Ӳ˭κһ˵ԭӰ϶ҵĿ
ΪҵļϵͱǳҪˣǰһĪҪ֣ǴԼһ֮˽ȫûйϵ
˵첻ɶ˶٣лһ˿â˵ŶӦòǴˣԴκΥ涨֮󣬾ѾռҴһְ
ⲻֻǶϵһͬʱҲһֱҪȴһֱû顣
κϣ˵ǰһӴҵĳϵĵλֱ½ôζҲû˿ԼĵλںҪʲôȻԴ󿪷֮ˡ
ڲκ˵ʲôѾûа취ıˣβòӼ峤ϵλȥ
ʵ˭ҵĳϣûʲôϵΨһһ㣬ҵĲؾģκԼƤӵκβɾ顣
ͱ˵κͽؾ󣬾ѾԽˡƽʱؾûгʯʧԵ⣬ҲôصĳͷҲò˵κù˰ɡ
ţȻǳˣҲվˣȥɡ
ڿĿκ͸оͷˬ⻰Ҳ˵úˣҪκȥ˼
κɺݺݵս˫ȭҲԼ˵Ļڿó¹ʯʱ򣬾ѾԤϵڵĽ̫Ĳʣڶ˵һģҲֻܰеŭȫȥһ˫ӥĿлһĨŨŨݣԲôġ
κˣҪЩͳͳۡ
ԭκ׼ôͳ֣һЩ黹ûȫ׼ãǳôһ׮֮ҲòΪԼǣǰ֡
κӷ˳ȥ첻ɸоⷿĿһֱѹĿڵĴʯͷȻǷ泩
ϵƳһ죬лһ˿мҲûжٿġȴǲŨŨĸпҵȷһһˣ֮ػؾҲһֱȵε˽֮ҲӦ뿪ʱˡ
϶Ҳûرĸ飬ԼѾжˣҲʱ뿪ˡ
ˣκѾˣ˵˵ؾʯʧԵ顣üһ飬Ҳþʹ뿪
ҵλԼ춼뵽κѾ϶ҳʧˣѾʼѰ˼뿪
ݺݵšüģΪܹҲؾҲ֮ǰȥļˣһʮһˣټѯһ£˭ʯͺˡ
Ҳܹв⣬ܹάֲؾеʯ϶ǷƷȻЩʯĲǼеӣǽҲǷǳ׵顣
ãͽˡ΢΢üģвΪô򵥡


73 ҹ뾯1
Ͼؾʯʧһ¼ΪҪֱ˾ӡӳԭѾ׼˯ЩѾ˯Ҳһӱ⾯ˣֱӴӴ
ҵľӺٻһ𣬾ζżзǳҪҪһ𣬲˭ʲôæϵҵѵ
ĬʱҲ׼˯ˣոʰöС͵లµԱߵСϣСһ֮ǰڵˣڶЩ˯ʵ״̬ͻȻ⾯һӱˣȻҲܺá
رС꣬СŮոջΣҪľ˯ʱ䣬ȻҲҪͨ˯ߵʱɹôһﻹʲô˯⡣
ҹģò˯ˣôôᰡ
СŮݺݵšüģһӴӴԭֻǴһᱡĬ·ȻСŮ϶֪Ǵ˶ٱСһͦ·ֱӴӼϻ¶Բļ򣬲СŮȴһ㶼Լӵжôջ
أϴʲôôᣬȥԭ˯úúõģˣСһһӣһʱ䣬Ѿ뵽Ҫȥɱ˷Żˡ
ãȻҳ˯СҲý˵Ļһ㶼ǸŮӣߺߣһȥĸСӸô˻ӣŪ
ĬѾȫ֪˵ʲôźˣ㶵ؿΨ²ҵСһѾôˣһĺߡȿȣǸͣһ㣬Ҳİ
ȻĬΪңǲ뿴Сһˣʵ̫ɰһ㶼ûԣĬʶǵƻˡ
СĶ˳ĬŤŤԼĵǡڷ𣬡ߺߣˣǻСĵģǳǣԲܷŹ
ѾʼԼҪôȥˣСһ˵ıһġ
СǹһĨаȵЦݣеȻĬĵġһְѵץ˻ŻԼĶůţ㻹벻˳ƿˣ߰ɣȥ𣡡˵ʵСȻӦҪ˳ƿǣһŬ
ĬҲûа취ˣ΢΢˵ͷСڣԼҲԷģУЦЦԼչ˺ԼҲһȥ
ΪҵӵܣĬҲܵû⾯
ҴææʰԼǿٵѵ
ƴô뵽ҴҵĲؾʧһ£ʲôʯԭάϵŲؾתС뿪˰ˡһҶ𣬲СԼ֪ˣСҲˣһʵĵ˭Ҳỳɵһżϰɡ
֮ǰСɢȵĹԴ˲ؾǰҲСϵĹԴɾ˲ؾλǰԭҪշСΪԼ޳裬ǾСô׿շġ
ֱûܹƷСֻܰСڲؾУһһ꣬Сͷŵȴǳάϵؾת
ΪĬԵɺ֮½˲ؾ󣬲һõСĿ϶ڲؾССĬСţںϣٽ˫Եĳɳ
С˳Լȫˣ¶Լı壬һżģһ˷ʵСάϵؾҲ޼£СѾûؾתˡ
һڤڤ֮ѾעˣСѾΪؾת̫ʱ䣬Ҳֵָɵʱˡ
ĬŸո͹ˣ廹𣡡ôĬ˵ȻҪˣĿسĬȷŲûʲô󰭲źá
Ĭ΢΢ͷİɣûʲôˣô£Ǽʲôôҹӳ
ĬЩƽʱϲȨˣʱеټȷеˡ
Ҳ֪˭֪ҪʲôȻĬҪ絽⵽׷ʲô飬Ҳһ㶼֪ݺݵҡҡͷԽԽ鷳ˣ˵κʲô֮ǰûеõôȻưոݡ
ò˵λ治κŪ飬Ȼһϣȴǰκ˿ĺ͸κԲô
ĬѾ֮ǰĬڲؾջĴκҲûа취
ߣˮھͺã
ź£ԴıĬŻ۵ģֱͦʱͷųϢȫһˣ˲Ϊ֮𺳡
ܹܵĬͬģ϶ƽʱദʱˣҲеͷƺҲǱĬһصصͷ˵úãˮڣ


74 ҹ뾯2
ܿܿվĬԱߣŮƯĵлһĨɬܹظܵĬѾȫһˣӻƶǱĬ֮зŸı䡣Ů΢΢Ѿ˾ˣ
ָʶ£Ĭ߽˼վ𣡡
ŮɤԱڴؿĬвɵشһĨڴ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ܿܿڴĿ⣬գգ۾ں˵Ǳ֮ĵĴ쾹ȻĬҲЩӦˡܿܿ
Ůеʧһɨ⣬Ĭ˵ԼֵʱвŨŨϲصصͷԣܿܿ㻹ǵҵ֣ҡ
ܿܿôڴϲĿ⣬ĬʶһŮⲻΪ֮ǰеı֣֮Ʋס˰ɡֽϲŮ˰
ݺݵس˳ǣĬǲ̫ϰߺͲôϤ˵ϴһĨεЦݣҼǵ㣬֮ǰкһģֵ֮Ůӡ
Ĭ⻰ܿܿһһӲ֪˵ʲôźáϾȷĬ˵֮ǰΪĬ˵ˮƽֵ𣬿ȥȷǺܴ
ע⵽ܿܿϵı仯Ĭе㲻˼ˣҪ˺˼ӵ˼ֻ˵һʵˡҡҡͷû˼ܺãҪһһɡ
ŮҼģĬʾԼҲûʲôֿ
ʵ֮£ǻԼҲӦûܿܿһѡ⻹ǲܹܿܿĮټ֮ǰ֮ǰŮӶͷų㹻⣬һѾĬпԽܶԷ
ȻҲǽܰˣָ鲻ųҲȻǲܺᲢ۵ġ
ȻҲѾܿܿи˲ѣлһĨ⣬Ŀ𣡡ϵĨϲôβˣĽѾˡҪԹԵվĬߣѡվԱߣӵͷ΢Ц
Ҳһ죬ʵҲͦϲܿܿŮӵģ֮ǰкܶҵӵܶվߣȻٲ۸ǵġܿܿûôŮӳúÿ֮ǰлһΣܿܿѾǵˣǼǵء
ܿܿͺһɡӲزס飬ܿܿ¶һõЦݡ
һĻ䵽ĬУһƺʲôղžӿܿܿĿԲһ㰡ͷ죬ȷѾˣǼҲʼˡ
ڿܿܿ˻̸Ҳǲġ
һ£
ƿն˲Ĭȫϣʶ΢΢ͷĿ䵽̨棬λҵĳˡĬɿվߵϣһݣⲻǹؾϡ
ü΢ƽʱڼ棬ĪҪͲؾйء
ôһ룬ĬҲҪ֪ǰС߲ʽָһ˳ڲؾ˵һһܴʧɡ
۹۱ǿڹģĬĬĬز˵űô벻
鲻˵ʮ㣬ôйҪҪ˵󣬲ʱٿᡣ
˵ţѾЩͷˡҹ˯һӶ飬鶼á
Ĭûע⵽澹ȻûκͷӡĿתתڿ֮ȷûпκˡ
ţǣκȻڡĬôһѣҲЩˣʱκȻûг֣ЩϡˣĪε黹治Ūġ
ӲŲЩԶκźãߺߣͷһֱֲźأ
Ĭ˵˵κĻܿܿһҲ岻ȥ΢΢˳飬СĵؿһܡԱ߶ˣ˸ȥ˾Ͳˡ
˶ע̨ϣܿܿҲ΢һϵȷǲô˴
ԭܿܿҲôİҾϰκͷˣǰһһ˳סܿܿĸ첲һһŮ˫һ𣬾ԿԼһķӦܿܿԷס֣һ죬Ҷӵ⣬һͨͨؿ
Ҳһһ죬Ȼôס˼Ůӵ֣ʷһŮӵʱ򡣵ȻĬ֮⣬Ҳ֪ĬǸŮӣһֱǸǡ
ңҡҲ֪˵ʲôźˣӲû÷ſ֣ܿܿôţ
һ׵ҲǲܿԿӶй˰Ĭü΢ǹһĨаȵЦݡ


75 κ̨߼޻1
ŴҲһܺ浽ΪʲôǰѴô˻һټһҲ˵̨ǴһĨţ˵һ飬ûע⵽κ
ֻע⵽ˣҲע⵽һ㣬ڼ˵飬ĺ˶㡣
ϵκϷֲԱߵһ˵ɺݺݵüģܿԱߵ˵Ȼֱӽдϵ֣оְ
ƽʱʱ򣬼κǶأӲֱ
Ĭ˵棬Ҫ˺ˡ
лһ˿Լ׿ǿκܾ˰ɣκһ죬λþòץκİѱˣȻҲ¶Ŀ
ܵµеĺͽţüĸоô궼κѹţһȨ˵ĸоˡ
΢΢˰֣ʾҰ˵ȷһǹκĴӽκҴϵλáκ˽ΥĽΪһ֮˽ؾμľشϣЧȡ
⻰˵ĹûʣĬˣκ˽Էؾ֮󱻱˸ˣڵĴ
⻰һҲǼ˲оȣ벻κȻ
Ĭ⵹Ҳһ°κͷ̨ˣҶǹƽģΪҲƴˣ벻Ȼᱻ˸֣Ҳð
ͺõòٺˣͷ
Ĭֻ΢΢ͷ֪ôģȴһɾУܾκˣԲưڸݣǵҵĴ϶οڻȥ˴ϵλá
ţЩûʲôϵǵſͺáĬһκ׻ܵôĴֻ˵ںôӦԣĬĿǷΧ֮ڡ
ĬҪ֪ĻǣҪĵڶ飬һָоɿ϶Ͳؾйء
ãҪ飬ؾ춪ʧһǳҪĶҪѰҡ񵽻ߵõظ壡
Ͼؾʧʯ̫ҪҲܵеֱ˵ֻôšⲻ岻Ļȴôﲻиӽˡ
ҵĲؾ󵽵һôĵط᲻ġҪ˵ؾˣǿؾĻᶼ٣ǼǰʮнؾĻᣬ˵ܼؾ
ؾ󵽵Ƕʲôżǵӣô࣬ǺҪĶˣ
԰ˣؾĻᶼûУܻʲôʧĶ
Ѿֿˣȷ˵һǽؾĻᶼûУӲ˵Ǽⱦˡ
ܿҵעǼ֮ǰؾʮϣôҲֻʮнؾĻᣬôȻҲпܴ˲ؾˡ
ĪѾĬǲˬܾˣֱӴ˵ҿֻʮؾ˲пܴ߼Ķǵķ䣬
˵ĪĿ⻹Ĭ˼ҲǳȷͲֱ˵ҪȥĬˡ
ҲĪһ˴һڳе˶֪ҲЧİ취ȴֻһ˵ʵЩˣѳ˶Ҳ˵ʲôûѵⲻ
ЩֶǼһܹõǰʮˣȻŻǼٮٮߣǾ˲ؾһУ˭ȷûջʲôҲ˲ᵱô˵˵⻰ˡ
Ī⻰ȴһ֣Ҳ˼˵ҪĻȷЩʡô˵˳ȻҲʡ˲
ţҿ˵ҲǿԡؾʧĶڼǳҪ֪ί˲ˣֻҪȷûУһĲ
ҲǸһ֮ٲһ棬ǰοɡ
νؾˣĬ֮⣬ļˣ˵⻰ȻҲǺ⡣֮ҲǿԽܰɣ˵ջԶԶҪôܶࡣҲûдʲôȻҲ
ãȻҶûʲôôɡ
ؿŵ˵ķӦǲɹһĨοЦݡƺκȥ֮ʲô鶼˳ˡ


76 κ̨߼޻2
ڼȻͬµ黹ǱȽϸӵģ˵Ĳôʣ쾹Ȼ˵˳˲š
Ҳһ˵βؾʧĶķǳҪȻҲôżҪһ
Ĭ˵βؾ󵽵ǶʲôȻôţҲɺݺݵüģתͷĬܿܿ˵ҪĻҲеİɡ
һ仰˵صˣҪĻĬӻܿܿǰʮˣȻǽؾҲѲαĽˡ
Ĭ΢΢üЩҲܻ߲ᷢʽָڵ͸Ӳˣǽﻹһ㵣ġ˵ϣĬԸоŨŨѹҵġ
ı߲ʽָС飬ⶼѾģĬǾԲύȥģʱҲֻܺҶˡ
ȻⲻĬҪĽҲûа취ܡ
ţǵʱӦͺáĬ˵
Ӻܿܿˣﵹһ㶼ģԭûдӲؾκζȻ͸ӲõⶪʧıԼˡ
ֳΪŵʵҪ˵ˣһ׽һ𣬻ͷϢ
Աߵ˶ҲܹףĿɽκˣκĵ̨ƱζĵλҲҪһǧɣܺõŹ֡
ݺݵģȥˣǶˣȴҪ޵ˡĪ˵ʲôãһҪˣʲô
ʱע⿴ĻﻹһöʯȻʲôƷ
Ҳǽؾģ֪ǵѰʲôǴ飬ͿƲסĵġǿʯȻ͵͵Ӳؾ͵Ķ
СϤĬ𣬡ˣһж
Ĭ΢΢۾ѲӲؾ͵ʲô˽ϵ顣һָо
ţǾ䡣
ŮӶƯûеֿˣҲ֪ðСŮĬĸ첲ཱུСžҪȥһڡĬСŮÿɰ֪ܿܿԼĬǺ죬ҪȥСŮǿסԼ
ӿܿܿģһûмķޣҲɻ
ĬʲôʱһŮˣ
ŮȻ˵˾СɵСŮˡ
Ĭһص˵СԴǳ磬ôһŮ˲ɣҵŮ
ĬԼ˵ŮСԽˣСԴ˲Ĭĸ첲ʯһĴ۾͸ţ
⻰ҲɵһҿĬӶˣҾȻʲô֪Ҳֵ̫˰ɣ
ܿܿɴһС꣬۵СŮŶӣĬҲʮ꣬˵ĬҪԼǺСŮСʱӣôܡԾǿЦĻӾȻˣ
ĬСŮɣһǰĬС֮Ĺϵ˵˳
ˣǻǰעɡĬ΢΢ҡͷĿ䵽СϣߴЦЦ˵ж֪ʲô𣡡
С곯Ĭգգ۾ǸһֱҪԸԼˣҪÿղź͵һϼƣѾ˰취ˣǵ³ɲô׵ġ
ỹ֪Լﻹڵ˸ʯʱеһжѾһֻһϣǧܱ˿塣
ȻصС˼ͳͳĬУС͸Ĭˡ
źߣӲؾ͵͵һھϣߺߣͻΪ˭֪ѽǸɵӣ
СĬʶ⻰һ뷨Ĭ΢΢һȻʲô˾ʲô޳裬СȫͺĬһһղ
ֻ𣬡ˣνؾӵܶһ£Ǽһ±ˡ
ĬӻܿܿһȥܿҲӦЯĶĻϣ˭鶼ãվ˳ϳ棬ĬҲ΢Щ
ȻϺԼʲô飬λͷų⣬Щ϶ĬǶչ˵ġ
һνǰʮӵܶվѵ룬˵עӡָоʵܡ
һ£һûĬᶨ΢΢Ŀȴ䵽ϡ


77 κ̨߼޻3
Ĭ⻰һҲôҶ΢΢һ㶣ʮ˶Ѿȥˣﻹеʮһûȥأ
ܿ˷ӦղκɲΪ˽Է˽ؾű˼峤ϵְҵɲǵʮһؾˡǿģҲһĲ²⣬ʵΪнţûüڲϵɫڴУ˸Ӷˡ
κѾ̨ȻҲǸܵĽӣҲʹûжĲƽʱʱûԼ۸ʵ΢ĵӣ֮ǰӣǲ˵ʲôˣټַǳ͵˲ؾеıȻ侮ʯ˿ɾͲˡ
ǺǣǿȻˣղ˵ҶˣһƽʱҲб۸µ˵
һ˿ͷ˵Ȼ˼ϣ԰ʵҿŰɣôŵӣƲؾʧĶ͵Ҳ˵ΪԼ͵͵ؾ˭Ҳ֪͵˶Ҳ׷ɣ
˵ĺеͲͺˣ
վŵЩԭ˽˺˵ԽԽ󣬻һ
ݺݵս˫ȭֱͦЩ˵ָָ㣬ӲǿԼһԲڲΪԼʱ裬͵⿴ЩƽﻹԼʧʱȫһһ
Ǻķ̣ݺݵšüģⲻڿкĬţĬϲؿж˲ûжٵıԹͳޡǾȻĿ⣬УӳеԼһɵһһ۶˷ѡ
ս˫ȭһ죬ѽԼܵͳͳȥ
Ҳˣעûôһ졣
ţĬ˵öԣҲȥܼɡҲϲӣĬӱ̫࣬ҲΪĴڣԼСӲܵĹע
ģ˵Ҳżĺô
ĬвϲָʱȴǸоһ˿ΣҲܵЩķѡָֻܵ˻ˣȴǳ˿̨ϵˣʵûжٸı䡣
ܿܣˡ
֪ԼѾû˲һٲѵλã̫ĲʡʱҲֻѹΨһԸѰҵʧƷϵ塣
Ȼ˶ѾˣȻʱ
ϳĬ˵ͷеˡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷȻĬɣԵҪ顣ſ˫֣ϵļ飬Ȼǲҵʲôˡ
ֵܿˣһѧĬĶϼ飬ûҵʲôɵĶߵǰȻҲֻûнܼˡ
ֵˡϲϲκ֮϶ϲϲҲǺˡ
ЦЦʶһ˫ֻǰϵĿ
ݺݵҡͷҲҪ飬һֱϲңһϻ߼޻Ҫˣ
˵⻰һȴôиӿˡڼʲôƷôܻΪԼϲһ󱳣߼޻飬ⲻԼԼ鷳
ߺߣҲ̫Լˣôһ㣡϶飬ϼ飬ԼѶҲ֪˭ȴ⻰ɫҲǸѿˡ
һǲϵļ飬ڵȣԼүүκκϲӣξΪܹؾų˺飬κӲܡ
ȵκʱ򣬾Щʱˣ
ҲǼᶨѡս˫ȭǼᶨˣҾ;ܾ飡
ϱܾȻҲõô˵һ󱲣һҲǽˡ˭ҲöԷһ
ҲƢã΢΢תͷˣȻŲϷǾ˼һɡʱҲѾˣҲˣŪãҶûȥ˯
㿴϶ô˵ˣɶⲻ˷Ѵҵʱ䣬ΪǶϢ˰ҪͿ찡Ϻ˵ĶԱȣҿ͸Ӳˬˡ
Ĭ΢΢˹ϻһֻϺ갡ϿΪ˵ȴǸ˸ѹⲻ𹫷ˡ
ƽʱʱŲҲͦôʱͿʼأʵʵͺ𣡴˾ıҵʲôҪҪһʧԵĶһضҲ̫׷#####СĵԻˣ޺ã¹


78 κ1
ˣ
һȴԱ𣬴ҲɰĿ䵽λһֱûô˵ϣһͣλϲǼ˵з˰ɵôҶǱͣҵĳϣȻһҷˡ
ĬҲɺݺݵüλϣҲй˼ɣλǲһģɲЩһúŪ
ؾﵽǶʧʲôû˵ĬҲſʯͷĿ䵽ϵϣҲҪ֪ǲǷʲô
ֻһӣƺһûУͺǶصķһӵշھţɼھ֮ۺ
ӲؾߵĶϲκѵ𣬲ȴֱӾ϶Ǹ͵ˡ
ǲòôоȣ֮ǰʲôûھѾԿ϶ɵˡ
λʵۺĳĻڳ˸ûһ˻ɣҲֱ϶˾ġ
óղ󲻿ϼ飬ԭ͵˲ؾĶ࣡ƽʱʱĪһֱ׷ߣԼҲû뵽ڣһվ˾ȻĪɡ
ھײɣ´ӿˤڳû˻վһѡ֮ǰжٵĿʱԵΪįֶԱȾԻ˱
顱һصڵϣ֮ǰڻǿĿ֮£еˡ
˾ڻ͵òؾĶڿǰһĻ֮ҲѾˡ
ʶҪغãȻѾ̫ˣе˶ˣɺݺݵҡͷⲻǲؾĶҵ壡
ʱԲܳʵȲ˵κѾҵĴϣѾû˻ţٱ͵˲ؾĶӱסԼˡ
ϲ˵ʲôΨһĶ壬ԭվԱߣۼֿ죬ù塣⶯ƱػӢķ˵ʲôñ塣
ҵ壬㲻ߣ
Ҫ˵ڻˣûҲϵĶ֣ȫͲκǰȥݸϡ
ϣǲǲؾ涪ĶҲЩʣֵ̫ڽţղžȥҲע⵽ССĲ֮ͬ
壬ȴҲòȷһѵõĺ񣬾͹УܸܵƺԴԴͷų˲ɾˬƾǲؾﶪĶˡ
˳ֽӹݹ壬ʵԼȻڲؾô꣬άϵؾתʯǸôģҲûиšôˣԲؾ̫˽ˣڲؾ΢е㲻һĵطܵһʱ䷢֡
壬лһ˿˼ѵǴӲؾǿʯܾ˵ʲô
ΨһһԿ϶ǣ洫ǹ֮ǰάϵؾõ㲻ܿ϶ǲǾֻҪ壬ͿԽ˲ؾ鷢չһҪиǽ
е˿ɶǶϻشأ
΢΢˵ͷĿ䵽ϣ͵͵ؾ͵˶ˣĿƷͲãҲһ
ǲؾﶪʧһʯ
⻰һеⶼѾһ𰸡
ɸоԼͺڻ±尾һЩĿ⣬˲䱼ˣ˶Ƿϲѣ׻Ǳˡ
ϵ֤ʵѾ϶ˣ֮ǰʯҲڵʱҲֻܹܰɡ
Ĭͺһֻˮһе˳лһ˿ȻԭΪĽԼҲܸˣʵϲû
ڴֳ֮Ĭֻʵϵõ˺ܴľҲʼòһˣΪһЩеѹͱ˵³ҲˣѾһˮƽϵˣӲҪΪԶԶԼĽϲ
ǳɳ
ǺǣĬҲ³ˣ˵ǻôתͷĬͷһοҲûЩ侮ʯѾʹˡöʲô
Ĭ򣬡ǵſͺá
ƵģһװģĲ⡣
Ĭⷬȵģ䵽ԱߵܿܿУȴԽˡ
оһҪβУȻԲܷڣȲ˵͵͵ؾ󣬾͵飬Ѿط˼ҹˡҲ֪˭Ⱥд˵ȴҲ˲˵ĸ͡


79 κ2
ô˶˵⻰ˣΪҵļȻҲҪ̬ȣ鲻ãȷɵӰ̫أЩҪȥǵġ
ʱҲҪκѾҵĴϣڴʱҲԲù˼̫Ķ˵Ҳ˵һܺõĻᣬеǰɱӺҪеˣǸ˵ˣ
֣ʾҰˣҰһ£εΪȷôҶʧҲܲΪһҲϣȡĽѵҪ
ɺݺݵս˫ȭڵҲѾǳˡ֮ǰѾǳˣڸӲŹᡣ
ʱΨһܹˣҲֻүүκκһ㶼֪鷢̫ͻȻ˯бѣ˹Ȼǲ˵κиͷˡ
쿴ŴҵķӦеЦȴҲԽԽˡ
ãҾΪĴ־Ӵҳҵκ档
⻰һһǱݺݵˣѾµݺݵشȴô벻ȻֱӰϳҡصĴ
ܶӵܣԸԼʮʮ߱˼ȥĽؽܴҲԸԼϳȥһˣӴյˣȻϵļ尾ȴᱻ̡
ߵһӲ˵Ӽ֮ҲܼԼŴ
½ڼǿУһûʲôԼǿҲܵõܺõķչ
ҲݺݵˣȻڵϣƺǱȫһҲ֧Ųס
ҳⱲӶûа취ܵ顣
ȻҪҸϳȥĴ᲻̫˰̨һЩҲ˽Ȼǲôϲǿ³ǻЩĲ̡
Ҳֻ˽С˵ȴҲʱ˵
ĴãĬȴѾµһȻŹôõļκʱ򶼲·
ȷڳܹ뷨ˣҲֻĬˡ
ôеҪȥ
һҲǿܾˣǷôĴȻ׷ŹҲҪһ㣬һҳһҲûʲôвˡڻСλãĬռţȵɳϵĬҲ׵öˡ
ĶƫģڶԴԼӵ̬棬ܾúܾǰƫˡ
ƽʱʱˣʱȴҲеˡĬĴû᲻̫ˣӦҲûĽ
Ĭûлش⻰΢΢ͷվڸ̨ϵ죬лһĨɫ
ܵĬı仯СĬͨСѾͷסĬ֣СָĬĻһëļʣһůȻϮͷ
С¶һЦݣİɣû¡
Ȼû˻ʱ򷴲ľǺļ峤ϣԭվκߵļʱκĹǣᶨģҲٷʲôˡ
ãȻҶûôҾԺ㲻ҵˣŲҵһУеΪ޹ϵ
ߺߣҿ˭ң
˳صԶ𣬿ɲκ
ǰһͺ¿һһӼ֪үүǲ᲻ģ
УκܵĴڣСҪʲôκõҪϳңκҲӲܣ
үүӵվκķ첽ȥ
ȺڵκһȻĴߣݺݵ˫ȭһ˫Ŀ죬ΪЩʲôκڲҵĴϣԼҲʲô˶۸ġ
֮ǰܵκв̫Σڿ֮Ҳ˱ܵηͷУҲȥһ뵽κڶѾҵĴϣε飬κҵͲ
һӾͦأκһá
κлһ˿мĹâΪͿѹ𣬴ûô򵥵顣ļ򣬳˵˭ҲܰҸϳȥ
˵κ˵ĿֱӶ죬˵ľҲô
һӽӲ


80 κ3
첻ɺݺݵ˫ü֮ǰκôҲˣѾҵĴϣʲôţҵļ˵ĻѵмٵĲɡ
һ䣬ֱӶκĿ⣬ҲѵӲһأκʲô˼Ǽڲ̶ĽĴ£Ҫгеʲôʸ
κôţŭЦĿͺڿһɵһ
˴£Ҫܵصĳͷ𣡡
ǵȻصصͷҲǹ˽ر֣Բƫ̻κһˡ
κ΢΢ͷ˵ûмǴĻʸؾȡеĶİɡκ⻰һԱߵҲɻȻˣκǷ𣬼ʸѲҪλɡ
κԲѵӣظоԼλܵвݺݵս˫ȭֱѣκɲݵ
Ϸ˵ϻ͸Ӳˣڱ߳Ҵλ֮κѾע⣬ȻϣһҪʲôԼȡΪźá
κûڲعԼҰģڻȡȨĵ·ܵôеİʯͳͳŲͺˡ
ߺߣ죬סλҲѾ˺ܾ˰ɣҲӦóñˣ
ղκûаѻֱ˵ﻹĵط룬⻰һ˾֮·˽ֹ֪һ˵ã
Ǳκ̬ȸ̼ˣû뵽κȻҰģֱǲ̡֮ǰκֲĬԿҪĬλϸȥ컹⣬ڲףκеĿԼλã
ѾֱвԼԲ̡
κǷ𣬸ģһʱ֮Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲôԼĿڵŭ
Ȼ̬ȣκȴһ㶼ں΢΢Ȼһؿڳģ
Ĭκ״̬ԾݺݵšüģѲκ滹ʲôУԲŻ޿֣ĻͲò˵ĵˡ
ҾͷˣֻҪһҪңκһһ˶ˣȴǰ㲻ŵĵӡ
ҲǱκģˣֱվκͷϷݲ
ߺߣһΪ˭أôҴӴϵλðʹ죬벻һķʽְɣκһҲ˵Ǻ޼
һжģ¹ʯؾĻ¼Լ˵ҵ֤ݾͲϣҲߵزԼļϣκҪĽ
ȻΪҪǣΪ˽ıңѾ׼˺ܾãʱƣȴòҪǰˣм䵱ȻҲӰ쵽κ档
ҲΪκ̬ȸеɣֻǲϲκİԵǵô궼Ϊңȴߵ˷ĿɳĵزвܺܺõĽܡ
κǹͬΪô꣬ﻹǺõģôˣֻһ㻹ϴɡҲΪڼǰŹһ֪ΪӣĴϣҲǲ
ηκֻĲҪԼҪԼߵĵز
Ȼκɲĺ⣬ϻһĨмЦߺߣ⻰˵Ưκϡľκ𣡡
κ⻰һҲѾǱ̬ȣǲı̬ȣҲֻ̾һ
ɾͲô˵ˣ޲Ūκ˼Ըһ·
һˣκͽץ
⻰һȴûվҹŶǱͻĵı仯ŵˣܷӦˡ
κֱӴЦû˻ģ
Ҳɻһ˿ΣҵļһȥȻûվӦЩһʲô
ȻסһӣܿҲӦˣվȻ֪ԼֵǱȲϴϣ˶󣬾ǳսѵܰκ
ӦϻһĨŨŨĵ⣬óκһˣӴԺҾҲûʲô˿еĵˡ
еĵͿ϶Ĭȴô룬䵽κϣҡͷ
ӻԱߵܿܿ˵Ȼʲô飬ǼǵñԼȫĪ嶯£
ĬĻӼʶѡŵģݺݵصͷĬİɣҲŲȥ֣Ǵɣˮƽȥ𣡡˵Żܿܿ벻ףס֣ܿܿҲҪȥվһͺá
ܿܿһ죬ĿⲻԾ䵽סԼ֣䶼Ҫˣصͷš


81 ̬ת1
е˶κǿ϶Ҫ͵شˣһ˵ͲܱȵôˣǳսҲ԰κеһꡣƼҵȨֱǷ˲Żô
ԭԼүүܹͺãκֱӵô˵˵⻰ⲻǸеˣҪλ
ȻκӣӣȻҲ֪κʲôүүзﵱȻҲӼλϸȥӶȡ֮ЩҲֻˣô
ⲻҪе˴ӵ飬κ˵ˡ
ѾǾһһ˳ΧԱ˫ۣѾҪٿѾˣ룬ʱɼסԼϳң˵ܹסԼСڿ¾ûˡ
ף̬ѾչزǾԲŹǵģ
κЦĿ䵽ϣǹһĨɫΪκֻһˣֻһˣҲκβϷȺ
κһһɺɫս⣬ȻǴûԭЩǰҪȥ׽κǵҲͣǰһڵǾԲκĶ֡
κʵ̫ǿˣ
ɫս⣡
κ¾ͺǱɫΧֹĸоﻹһˣȥһֻ֣
ĬݺݵüģȻЩ˶ȥҲȫκĶ֡ƾͺһӷ˷תԭʤȯյңκ־ʵǰҲô޲ˡ
Ȼûпڵѵκôɡ
ͷЩ̵ʲôôôֲѵԼͷŶôûаԼ㶾ˣ
ʱҲӻĴ˵⻰ǻи߸ӵ˶ţȫͲġ
Ĭ⻰Ҳǲɺݺݵس˳ǣתͷӣⲻǶκɹˣ֮ǰκ˵ԼʧܵϢ¾Ϊ˽ɣܹھţ˺ɫս⣬ʵԲһ˿ԱȽϵġ
ҿˣʧôѾˣҲɱһݺݵصһĿ䵽κϣ벻ͷȻôеֲˡ
Ĭܹ飬ҵ˵ȻҲǿֱţκĳΪڵһʳɹˡԭӦҵĹȴǺͼߵ˱ʱҲΪӵġ
ڳ˶κĶ֣ʱȥȫ
κشЦ죬ȰʵʵѼλóҪѪңû˼ˡ
κȫ¶ƣȻԼΪҲʮİգǶҲڻ¡Ѿ˺ɫ裬ֻҪһŵҩͿʵԭκѾٽŲһˣŵҩ֮Ȼֱӿʣֱӽнס
κǶҲһսԼϡͬղ˵һھҲǺɫսȴˣȻҲԼĨ˰Եʡ
ŰֵҲǺܺƺûʲôΣӣȻʵϲû㱻Ϊ·ҩȻԼص˲Сˡ
㣬ˣʹðǰ˽ҩʲô󰭣ŵǺͰӴȴᱻԵ
ɱεֶΣ˲С
κϻͷųɫսܴԭǰЧԼǵԼԼĨ˶ٰˡȵпɢеľǺսˣҲκնĵط
ΪȻҲڵľƶԼ˵ҲǼΪģҲܸıʲôֻܾԼŬȥıˡ
κŵ÷ѾﵽʣҲ˷ˣݺݵšüģȻҶûˣѴˡ
Ҫκˣ֪Ȼ˵ա
κϻһĨŨŨĲм֮Իļ࣬һҪԭΪĲΪΪĸĶԼ棬ҪôȥѼҽĸãȻĺҲ˲ࡣ
ҲӦǸıʱˡ
Ǻǣ죬ûʤμλãλɡ
κ˵⻰ʱҲǰʮ㣬Ŀ⿴һܱˣЦˣЦſ
죬Լ˵Դ㵣Ҽ֮Ǹʲô飬ǶûпǺô꣬ѾԽԽ󣡡κ⻰˵һ㶼˵ҲκôһֱŲµ顣


82 ̬ת2
κβκֲܿңһʱ֮սֱ֮ǰ飬κѾҳ׵ɥʧϣȻҲ⣬Ծ»壬½һļͺá
һݺݵصκɱ˵ĻκѾ㿳˲֪ٵˡ
ֻϣΪߵľϣԸֵĻһϣ
ϣκоʵ̫ˣκȥΣӡ
ҶɰϣĿ䵽ϵϣȻѾΪ˴һϣˣҲƷκĻôҿҪˡ
΢΢üģǿףȴǺκĨŵĺɫ嵽ʲôԸ֣κ֣ԼΣΣ㸡˳ſͷſ»øܵ˺
ƽĿɨһվ̨µЩĵӣЩδϣΪ飬һ˰Ķҩˡ
΢΢鶯һ˫һʲôû˵ҲҪԱ˽ʲôûа취ʵֱЩӵܵŵˡ
ҡҡͷ飬ϷĹܲˡ
˵Ҳ뿴淢飬ת뿪һϣҲȫʧһˮ˺òײץһ㶫ҪŷֵݾǵݣǸľֻһ֣
ϵѡκӵˣȷѡ񣡺ˣȻˣǻʲôû˵ôҾҽμΪ
µ˶Ǳκŵˣһ֮һңǴûм飬ȴôʵķˡ
û˸ҷԡ
Ҳȫû뵽ȻκȻˣ
Ҳͬ⣬ҴûгֹҾҲܳϣʱеվ˿Ҳֻһˡ
ϣκһһߺߣǺõúܣԭҪһԼҪôҲ͹ֲˣ
ȻʵȷǱȲκȴҲôˣȻκѾ˵⻰Ȼ˵ҲŹԼôԴУֱƴһ
ֻһƴĹ֮ಡһ£κķȥһ̺ԼȫеһȻҲǺܹκϳɹϾֵĲ
ȻϣǶϣܹʤκ
ĬҲס˺λˣǺģӲ뿴λԼϲȻǵõĽ֡ԼûʵȥϣǺܱʲôˡ
ЦЦڿʲô취ֹκ
С˵κ֮ΪĴˣڳɹβ֮ڵС޵ĳףⱬʵȻҲС
ߺߣˣģҲʧġСȻҲǼɵκʵҪϾһյġ
ĬһСŵ⣬ȴô²ǧҪСģԼΪҪκںΣգ
ǾĬô˵ڣϿ˵ΨһͷųĳϣĲĿλүүһܵ˺ĬҲӲԸ⿴СΪ˾ҲʲôԤϵ顣
СĬͨȻĬ飬ҲΪĬСԽ϶ĬˡĬվӲܣе㲻ܽˡ
˴ģȻĬûȫɳСţò˶ã½֪Ĭ˵֣
˵ʱʱ죬ĬСһҲ飬ʱϵƷҲѾǵκǰ
ɵ˶ס˺дŨŨڴֻϣһƣ
ǲôԸˡ
ں֮Ĳ࣬Ͳһǰ㣬һ׼Ĳ࣬ټκǷ˵ҩʵɲ⡣
κֻǰվΪǱͻȻһŵˣȻ˷ôĻǴشˡ
ϵϾҪκʱ֮κ΢΢һ˲伴ɹ㿪ȫһǸոտʼ
Ȼ϶ˣκȻʲôѾԸ˶Էȳ֣ٶҲ˵۸ˡϵƷκҲǿ˵ġ
ĻʲôֱˣҲֻˣһһΪ룬ǿϧǵߵȫӪ棬Ľ
κȻԸô˾ֻˣ
ãôȥɣ
κˣ


83 С֣1
κƣûҪܿȫһƵȻûаϷУȵ̶ȣЩѾˡڹƾԼҲΪ⹥ܵʲô˺ȻӲúˡ
ھʵǰеԵôһ
κԼɵƳһƣһƽӴ˲лŨŨĲ˼飬ԭʵʵʵ̫ˡȫһȴǸκε˶ԷԼһֻߵķһںκӴֱ֮ӷ˳ȥ
ۡ
ʺѪϵ³ܵصˣ¾ͬǱһҲá
ʱκҲ׼ʱ䣬ֱϵֻһӰϽ˫۵κһȻûУ
Ȼþˣ
ǲ˼飬˫Ŀ䵽ǰСС˶ϣвһȻǰСŮԼ
㵽˭Ȼ϶֣κһȣȻҲŭʱȻ˸ԼƤӵ¾ϣκԭһҲˡĿⲻ䵽СС˶ϣвɻһ˿ȣȻһСŮ
ղκ˵ĻҪ˵ˣĿСŮϣԼĲʶһСŮȴǳ־Լ
ϲ鶯˫üģ¾ûһطǲ۵ģҪ˵
ʲôǸˣлܱһ˿ϣԼǰľһСŮʵǲܺʲôᲢۣһҲ˲ʲôƺþȫҪƿǰСŮ
㣬ߣ㲻Ķ֣Ҫңлл㣬С
ҲܿΪԼԭһ˵ŵŮκϡκѾħˣѾ˼츳ӵڣҲϣ
ȻֱӾǰСҵӵܣôӵܣȻÿһ˶ʶСܹκϣΣ壬ܾһһƽǳ͵ĺúӣΪԭҲ֡
ϹĵĿ⣬СǲһõЦݣȻԼ˿еˣΪ¾ͲһǾԼİΣܹصʱΪ룬Ҫһ㣬ɲʲô˶ˡ
СٶȺܿ죬׹һκǵʣ͹ǱٶȵĻǸϲСġһСѾϸ͵ĬһߣˣҰ˾Ȼˣ
ĬݺݵصͷЦЦ̫ллˡ
ˣ֮Ҫ˵⻰ģСһĨЦݣĿ䵽ϵϣü΢ͷͲǺܺˣصˣһҪע⡣
Ĭ˵ͷʾԼѾˣԴϵ
ϣô
ڻе㷴ӦĿһ˲˲ضĬֿ֮һվĬԱߵС꣬Ĭ㣬һҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźˡ
ڳ˶벻ڴκħϰϸ˻СŮȻںĬˣ֮ʲôϵ
ݺݵս˫ȭ֮ǰѾпʼ޲е˶ȥ
Ҫ˵ϲ˾ĬˣĬôһֱǸȴռţϾͱ˸һȡҲĬʵ΢Ǹƽһ㡣
һμķתжѾĬһֺøУСŮֽĬһˣмʵ÷
ĬǺεºܣշһ֣ΪʲôͲԣ
κվԱߣҲ˵֪Щ˶κβκһĨЦݣתͷκүүҪĬ
ĬҲ벻ԼȻôްɣûʲôԲȻȴǰеķŭйˡ
κĿ˵ǳ赽˹ֻҪҪܹģᾡȥԷڵȻҲ⡣
ãȽĬС֮ڽˣκһ䣬ﻹΪĬȻָʾǸСŮϾϵеա
κһоͻȻֵСŮһǸ⣬СŮȻǰĬģȻҪȳĬҲǸһ档
СɾͲͬˣˣ˭Ҷͺ˭
ңСŮһת˫ֲݺݵصκҿ˭Ҷҵˣ
֮ǰûղСŮƺĬĻھͿԿ϶ˣڽĬˣ
ǵԱҲ֪˭˵Զ֧㣡


84 С֣2
Ĭ΢΢˳ǣƻô꣬⻹ǵһ˵Ҫ֧ԼĻɣ鷢زȻѾվ˳ȻӲܡ
ĬߵЦЦǰ棬˵ģܹЦЦǰ档
κҵĳϣΪȻҲܶ๱ףҲϣΪһЩһ屳롣ĬݺݵšüģߴѾܾˣЩҪ˵
ǰһУĬǸһܵķվ䵱Ӣۣ˿ȥˡ
ĬΪھƾƤӶһܸıڵ𣡡дŨŨĳȻڳЦĬ档
̰Ŀ䵽СϣСŮ۵ģ˿һ۾ͲϲˣôСѾȵ֮϶ǣ
СŮ˾ȻĬϣǱĬһ˷ 
ĿСҲɺݺݵüģϲ˵Ŀ⡣СѾͷ֪͵ʲôڲϲ鵱ȻҪֱ˵ڡ
΢΢СԴһģ㿴ʲô˹֣ٿҾ۾
һȻǱһСŮŵˣܿ췴ӦԽᶨҪСľġɰСŮʵǿպķչӲܼ򵥼ΪԼ˵õĽ
ǺǣһСڳҲǱ췢סˣֳƽȫһı֣Ҳûжעˡ
յĿС꣬Ĩаɫ˿ûڲء
СŮٸһᣬԸңӴ˳Ϊҵˣ߻ǺĬЩһǸˣ
ɣҲȥˣ⻹ǸСŮȻһСŮ˵ĻֱǸӣ
˸ҴеնģҲһ㶼⣬Щ˺ͷҲûʲôˣǺǣΣҲ᳤󣬾Ǹӣ˼ˣСãõģ
ĬҲɱģĵˣӲ˵ǱеС꣬ʶ˶ȻԼѾΪˣȻûһѩ׵ë
ҪҪɱ㣡
СظоԼܵ裬þβΪ߸ϵޣȻһССˣǾβȻòޱȣܹˣȴҲԲ̱˵ơ
Ҫ֪ǼΪޣֱ˵ҪСˣСУɱһǧһζϧ
СŮս˫ȭȻѾ˼㣬ĬֹСҵļʸһȥ
Ҫ֪СҲͲʲô˼ɵĵط͹СıͲԱȽϵģһţʶҪ㵽κĺ档
κһһȣúã
κȻŹС꣬ھͺ޲ֱŪС꣬˫ȭȭΪצСץȥ
ĬһСģ
ʱĬҲ˲ʲôˣܿС£ûԼǲܹȵùκǾԲʲô
˶ˡ
ֻĬͺȫһһκȥ˫ȭκǹɺɫƺҲΪղŵ˶ԽɢҲøĬɫõڻ
κȻĬˮƽĬĹ㲻ϣֻһĹűУĬ־ܵķֱӾ͹˰ɡ
ȻԽģԽʧ
Ĭһ࣬ʱ򣬳ŶԷûзӦһʤзʱܵã
κҲ뵽ĬȻ᲻ηͷųĺɫЩɫڽܵĬ֮ȫʧˣͺǷɫķӦĬЩɫõĿƼ
ߺߣ㲻°Σ컹ڣ
κһݣȻ벻ŪĬֱӴͺáٵؼʱ򣬲ǼӴϵİȴҲܺܺõЧˡ
ĬþȫھټԼŵɫ𣬶κģɵĹĬһĻҲûаգ
ǿƵɫڽӴɫİ֮󣬰ȼϣһ£ԽʢˣɫҲһ㣬֪ܴٽȼգһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ȻκȫκҪҲˡ
ȫɣ
ĬһУĿڴκעСʱɵһֱκһС


85 1
κԼȻû׽Ĭŭѣһõʸ֣ĬһطﾹȻˣֱܴ裡
໣ĬپܣҪɱ㣡
κı飬һӵɷһƱҪĬһ֣ĬҲκԸԳˡ
Ĭһʱˡ
ͷǸո𣬾ͺΪ֤ĬеĲ룬ֻԱʹһҪжжˣŶɸоëȻһ־ֵĸо
κһһӣֻһˣȻǳ赽˹ȥʶջҪĬ֣תͷ㣬ôæԼҪʹࡣ
ԭҵĿⶼǼĬκһߣûע⵽ߵһȻͱղǸСŮһצѪ죬Ŷ˾ֲצӵжȻܰһӳ
ȻСȴһ㶼ûоʲô⻹ǿˣղĬҪŪˣȻСһצȥ˲ͿҪ
СŮϻԴһĨôɫȻԼɵĽǺ⡣
ۣ⻹̫˰ɣǺˬӲɵֹһ䣬ĬͻȻֵʵȺСŮҲѣ֮ǰκôŵӣѾܲˬˣڿݺݵһֱҪֳޡ
һ뷨˿ɲҪ֪˭ҲϲԼʵǿ˰κŰһﲻҪ˵иˡ
ǿѪģѪ˿ڵĵطһǺɫѪˣӿ淭ŶЩֲˡ
⻹𣬾Ȼָô
͸ղСŮɽڿɲǱӦˣһצȥ˿ϣôأҽڴˣҪָԭòҲһ׵顣
ĬС˶˺һ˳κĹȦĬĿǿҲһѪģһСҲǺݵġ
СһߺߣûҪˡԺ󻹸Ҳ˵
˵ļƣ˿ѱ˷С
Ĭ΢΢ͷ֮ǰСһצӰץˣҲˣȷˡţЦЦʵһ㣬ͺˣŰǺúõģʱŶ಻ȳưԳƲУ
СǰһȻҲĬ⻰˼ĿƺڿĬղ⻰ĿԡСѾͷصصͷţ˿ǵܵǺףЦЦȥŪͶԳˣ
˵СŮԼǷצӣϵѪȾѪָҹɫ˸űĹʣһ⵽ʲôͷ
һһСվڲԶ֣ﻹҪôŪУֱɥĲ񡣲пŶǼôܹôɧأ˧
໣ҸоҪԵˣȻô˧Ҳ֪˭ôһ̾ڳôŮеʵ뷨ˡֱĬϵıָԵˡ
СһɫתƺǺܵӣתͷĬˣô죬кܶҪůˣʱǵĴ᲻᲻˯
Сл֪ģԼ˿ɲǿҪĬůŮǿ϶ˣʱôСأȻ˵Ļ˧ʵȺ˵ǿԿǡ
ߺߣЦЦǾãұȽϲ˰ҪůĻҲҸ˰ɣСﲻݣǵСģȴ˲˵ʲô
ĬԭЩ˵⻰ʱ򣬾ѾΪˣ벻ʱС껹鲻ңֱ˵⻰
Ҹů
Ĭһ죬ҲЩˣԺоȻһֳǸˣô뵽ˡ
ݺݵҡͷڻȽκ׮źãȻ֪ûлأ˵Щ
ҲҺ⻹Ǵϣҹɫ谵˿ǰȻһע⵽Ĭ˿̾ȻС죬ȥȻǶ˵ɰ
˿С۾ǺģԼ˾Ȼˣĺ˸Ǿô˵ˣһҪҸ˧ů
ãĬ˵һֵʱ򣬲ǷӦԼȻĴӦˣֱҪĳ嶯ˡ
ȻĬ֪˵һõʱ򣬼ֱһƬŮķһأǵӢôܹӦ⻰


86 2
СŮϲˣǻܹ⣬ǵ˰ôŮȴǵòҪˡ
ⲻǰ䰡
Ǿ˧ȻӦˣ
Ѳϵĺ˶ϲȥˣôЩŮӿҪô
ǲܽˣԲܽܣ
Ҫ˵ܽܵˣﻹӦ˵κɡ
κһ˺ۣѪ죬˺һ֮ǻ˹˿Ȼ򵥡
׾ȻվԱߴԲѣҪ棬Ҫ֣ⲻڵڴ𣡾Բ̣
κݺݵصĬСˣⰵöԵγˮս˫ȭĬҪ㸶ۣ
ĬûоκŹԼСûŪκȻҲҪˡղŽС겻ҪŪԷκģֱӹҲΪ˴ҵһ͵Ļᡣ
΢΢˹ҾվҪҵҲҪıˣ
ҪĬţȻ˶κʱ򣬻ֱվʵĬԼҲģûжٸ飬ֻվվˣûʲôرɰɡԣ
һղĬ㿪κһƣǿˣĬȻˣǸܵ꣬ǿˣǸոϾĵ·κĶ֡
Ĭ㲻κĶ֣ϴ˵˵⻰ͺԼȫһɺݺݵؿţŶҪǲǾһζҪȳˡ
ĬһκĶ֣һҲǺղκֳƣЩ֧Ųסˣǲѵûʲô
ҲǱĬֵĶסˣʲôʱʼҲʼˡаٸнοе㲻ġ֪ʱ򣬻ᵣĬǿӰһӵķչˣҲˡ
Ĭ£һô˵ĬԼӣȻܿĬȥȻҪһ㣬Ĭôˣȴʲô顣
˵Ŀ⣬Ĭȴһ㶼ûиܵһΪ˸׶ԼӵĹģŨŨŭ
ɵƶøˣǹһĨŶЦݣĬԳһôϣõ鸸׵ĹأˣĻʲôûС
ʱĬҲҪгϣ첻һϸļĲΪŻ˽ҵңҲһøףĬʱֱԼĳ˶ǶӣʱԿ˵һøˡ
ˣ㻹ңСģܵĬеѹĬĸ첲
΢΢ͷİɣûµġ
Ĭתͷһվ˸̨棬Ա߻ҵνĸ߲㣬ЩռõԴȴǰ㲻Ϊ
վڸ̨ϣĬ⶯ҲǾһ£ѾԽԽԼƿطΧˣʧȥƵĸоԲܡݺݵš˫üһʲôȥ
ֱʱ컹ڽݵλЩ̨λûĬ
ָоĬҵĵλȻͬԺҪγλþ͸ӲˣԲҪĽĬͺĸһܹյģյĶӦͳͳٵ
ʱ쾹Ȼл룬κܹĬͺˡ
ͷһţҲɱԼŵˣô뷨
վҵӦóеҵΣĬвĿ䵽ˣϬÿɨؿǵı顣
תͷκս˫ȭκսӮ㣬ͽҵĳͷˣŹҵˣǶ޹ģҾˣ
⻰һе˶ˣĬԼҵİ
ǳκõңƱҪѪȾңڳ˶ɱģĬ⻰ҪκŹˣԼһ֮ȡİΣ
ʱĬСС壬ڴҵȴһӱøߴĶ˰
ǲҪ׷
Ҳ֪˭һͷ
֮ǰǻΪĬʵ㣬вĵطû۸ƽҲûжٹĵطĬȴԸΪЩ˸Լô˲䣬е˶жˣĸеŨŨͱ΢
˵һ˵ĸкܿõ˵ӦΣѵʱĬշ˵ġ
׷
׷
׷
һߺأĬҲЩԾû뵽Լ˵ô仰ȴǵõô˵Ͽɡ
ò˵ʱĬҲǱжˣǻҵϣΪҪúõػţң
СĬ⻰ҲɱˣԶô


87 Լ
ҹĺ紵ǵ°ڣţ¹˲ɻһ䣬ʱҲһʹ
ǲ֪ҪôѹĬôվֱͦƺûκһҵΨһȻĬʵǿô˲䣬ڴҵУѾһΰػһƾһ֮еˡ
ģһЩСŮѾֱӿƲסеСĿ޳ˡ
ĬҲû뵽Լ⻰ĽЧҲǼõġ
ȻҲҪӱܲ˾ȥԣ
ĬҪı䡣
κЦˣĬȵ⣬ɷڴҶûע⵽ʱҶΪǷĬҲʼòһˡĬƣǷҵķǡ
ãҴӦ㣡
κĬҪõңɲҪһտӵңҵ˶ˣҼҲûʲô˼˲ǡ
õĻشĬҲˡ
һãһԿһޣ
Ĭһ㣬һԾǵκǰȫƶȻͬˡ
С굱ȻܷĬһ˶κ̬һ˫һ˲˲ضκĬһߣһʲôõǰĬ
ĬҼ磡߲ڽָǿԿ浽׷ʲôĬȻҲʮֹעġòײôһǱͽ߲ʿɲ뿴ôͽزˡ
ĬһϲôԼͲһˣ߲ʦҲǱɡ
һСĬûбֳκĵطеע߲ʵָʾ£ģҲһ͡
ĬվˣκȻҲʾ
үүԸĬҾͿˣݺݵս˫ȭյȴǲɿվԱߵСϣŮ˾ȻôʰĬ֮ˣ
ѾʿףĬ֪˻ڿԾˣǶ̶̵ļգܹͻ˾״ﵽн׾ѾǳˣͲĶ֣һҲʮ㡣
ղСϳ˿СվĬһߵģûа취ʰС꣬ȻҪСϡ
ȻĬûаڵѾԼĶ֣ӮҲκס֣ûжֵıҪ
Ĭ̬Ⱦ͸ﲻʹˣѲΪĬĶ˲ɣ
ȷҲҺûʳ⻰ȻĬĻ㲻ظǲΪԼĶ֣
ŭָĬݺݵص˫ۣԭΪץƵԵøˣﻹ֮ǰǸӢӣ˲䶼ѾһĶħ˲־塣
Ĭʲô˼һս
ŭţƺܻһԼеĲˬҪɱˡ
ĬȻ˿ҡĿ䵽κϣǹ˹κʲô˼׼һսأǱʾ𣡡ĬйĵģĻȻ͸Ӻˡ
κ֪Ĵ˵Ƿǳصģйºγ·ϵħܹӮĬ֮󣬽еĲˬħȻõˡ
ȻκûӮĬǱκֱӸųˡ
κôܻһ
ãҲʡñ˵Ϸ۸СҲһսͺáеΪԴϷ򡣡κ⻰һҲȻҪеĵλԺȵΪ˼֮Ҳ˸ұ֡
κСĬ
Ĭüһǹ˹ĿƵضκ˻棬һӮ㲻ˣɡ
һԼȳ׷κĬһСˣҲǲˬݺݵصһĬϷ˵㻹ǵӮ˵ɡ
ãĬصص˵ͷȴʮκ⻰Ǻǣϣʱκ㻹ܼǵý˵ĻˡȻºѷڰɡ
ˣĬΪԼãһֱôã˵һҪӮң
ǲмĬʰˣĿȥˡ
ȻȻˣĬһǴôܻаȻĳһܹԼһֻǿĺꡣΪС⣬űĬײշ˲ɣ
¼ô׵顣


88 Ծ1
ĬĿ䵽ϣʵҲףڵôô񣬾ͺûһ֮ǰˡǰļƣǰ¶ԼʵԸ񣬿ȴǰԼڲһȫ¶ǰԵóªޱȡ
ʵ⻹Ĳܹ±ɽһĻһ˶ѹñô׺ûġҪǷйֱеĿ־ѹֺͿȫй֮ͿԻָˡ
κҲΪǿһ㣬ǷֱӶĬϣܹй
ĬҲŹģ
һ͵˲ͺǱһֱ߸һƱҪѶԷҧƤ
Ӻ֪ܿܿĬڵˮƽҲΪĬһĿһ˲˲ضųϵ
ܿܿĬ˫üûע⵽Լʲôʶץסߵ˵ĸ첲ô죬°ɣ
ӱܿܿס첲ܿܿļҲŨŨĵģܿܿĵģӾҪ̵ܹסˡİɣĬµġȻҲ֪ĬڵʲôˮƽоôĬµġ
ܿܿ΢΢ͷʲôˣҲֻϣˡ
ĬǻһĨζЦݣѾʿףҲһеٮٮˣҲҵġ
ϾԼҲŸոͻ˾磬ȱʵսʱĶÿԺԼһսʵս顣
ĬлŨŨĹâ˸Ҳɼÿһ߲ӰؾƾЩȫԶԸ˰ɡ
ʵϣĬŶ⻹Ǹ߿ˣõ߲ӰؾھĬȫѹˡ
Ųʲô书ԼУĬѾһʬ壬дŨŨĲмڵھĬķȥ
Ҳɶס˺ȫҿᷢʲô

ЩСŮԶ˫ۣвĬʲôˮƽ͹˸Ѿõ˵Ŀ϶ʱĬʵòôҪˣһ뵽Ĭʵǲҿ
ģģ
ӿ۾һգգضĬ˵ĶսǰһֱӴȲʡ
һҵĿ䵽ϣȻ˿лŨŨĲ˼飬ȻĬˣۣ鿪ĸо˵˵ˡ
˻ֻǿ˱棬ĬһؿڣǶΪĬȭͷжΪǸˣĺܣΪǸеӵľ֣
㣡㣡
Ļû˵ڣǿƲסһһɵѪȥȻصڵϣ˫ۺݺݵصɴĿ
ȫȻ
ĬȻһƴ
Ȼ֮ǰˣʿ׵ĸ֣ǾôĬһȭͺǸƤһˣֱĬһȭͷж
һȭȻĴһʿף
ĬҲסˣګګؿԼȭͷлһĨ˼飬أ벻ȭͷȻôţ̫Ƥ˰ɣҾһȭͷ治ǹġ
ĬֻҪӮͺãûҪֱӴԷĿڵϣлŨŨķߺ޺Ͷ񶾣ƺĽҲǲģһ۵ˡ
ڳѾԤϵֵľСˣǴһĨЦݣЩ˸Сˣھǿ˵˰ɡ
СṲ̊ĽŲߵĬߣɤҲ˶ǳ׻عˣ֪ЦЦղŲЦЦֱɱˣԭҪԼЦЦЦЦˣ
Ĭɳ˳ǣ˵
ЦЦ˾ͺáĬҲЩˣɱһʱˣ滹Ļ鷳ͱ˵κ϶ưոݡ
ȻκΪ˲ô˽ڶԴⷽ棬ȷʵһܺúܺõүүȻȴǰκΨһֱϵѪҲɱˣǽˡ
κݺݵս˫ȭôûа취ڵѾˣĬһƸˣΰܹܡ

һĺһͷ뱩ĶһԳдŨŨıʹ࣬۾ѪɱһĿ⿴ڳеˣһͷ˵ıӾؿܱߵĻһ춯˹ȥԲκơ
κضӣĿ䵽ϣѣҪʲôүүͳͳһʹĺڶܱߵ˶˲Ϊ֮Ĳʱκһ򵥵ʧȥӵ˰ˡ


89 Ծ2
κζܲʵͣЩһöûУѾʼӲϵ¶ҲһɢʧڶڱһʵѾˣ
Сκʹı飬Ҳ˵ʲôо˳ǣ˦ЩôõĸоתͷĬˣǸѾ˰ɡ
СҲɱκһ£иȷѾˣ»Ļᡣ
Ĭûпڣֻǵ˵ͷʾ϶С⻰
СҲǺ⣬ҪκҪЩû飬ȴܺõκˣӣΨһˣ
κһݣݺݵؿĬս˫ȭ޲óѪĬж˿鶼ܻԼͷʹޡ
ĬҪ
κһڵĻ
Ĭɱ֮ѾԤϵκҲѾڿԼӦôźá
ĬҪôӦǰκĹѾϮǽ۷Ծ
ǴڱܵģĬһˣ㵹ѾŵһγһĻߣٶ֮죬е˶һҲҺĬˡ
սĬֱʹ߲ӰؾĹûô߲ܵӰؾֱ֮ˣĬȫܺܺõ˽߲ӰؾڵĶֱκַĬǱʶܹܺõؾ
տʼʱĬǺؾİأղһܹҲ˼־࣬Խʹö߲Ӱؾճ̶ȾԽˣж˼ֿ϶
ɶ񣡡κһУѾŭʮ㣬Ϊһѹͷȫ˲ʲô򷨣ֻһͷɱĬ
ֻɱĬΪ
κܲ˵س֣ɲռԼĬǿ󣬾ͽֻҪͿʵֶĬѹһδεգûܹĬκԽˣ
Ŀ䵽ĬϣСӵʲôȻֻһÿҪĬ֮󣬶ܹСӸյӿ
Ĭ쵰бͲҪ㣡
κҲģ˵⻰Աߵ˶Цˡ
Ĭ߲ӰؾԽʱҪܿκĹЩѵģؾ֮ȫڶŪκһκôܿĬ壬Ӳ˵ǴˡĬԵ࣬һκԽˡ
κ⻰ĬһĨаȵЦݣҶü΢΢κںҿЦŲ࿪ѵվǰ򲻳ɣ
֪ʱĬпճʱκ٩һǿԿĬڵ״̬ǲ
ĬṦκͲôֹˣκݺݵشŴһֱʵٸҲۡ
κͣҲ뵽ĬȻ̶̵ʱôͻơ
ˣʿнף
κ´һĬͺһһȻŴڡô̵ʱ䣬ܹһķʿн׵ʵʵͺ˻һĳȥ
κ侲ҲһЩ϶ĬĻôĬҲܹˡ
ԼԲܣκܹ⣬ڸȴôŹĬġ
ߺߣѾһھʵǰҲ˿ʲôãκһ䣬ЫһĬĬҲһκòһˣ
Ȼκ֪Լղ⻰ôһ
ر죬˼ؿĬѾʿн׵ʵôܣ
ĬѾǰչ¶ԼʵѾǵǸܹڶ̶ʮͻ󾳽ʿнѾܹ͵ˡ
Եİο֪ĬԲôʧģڲҲ֤һ
ģ
ϳĬķ΢΢ͷԺĬڣȵɳԿԴϼ۷塣
ֻô룬˽Ĭʵ֮ļ峤ҲӼᶨάĬ˼ˡһѡ
ߺߣǸʲôһʿнװˣϷͻţ
κݺݵؿĬҪ
ƾʲôôˣȴҪɾĬŵĬͻƵٶȣκҲŨŨľ䣬ԲĬɳôõİ취ھ


90 Ծ3
һκӣҪĬңҲҪͻڵѹءֻĬܹκܻʿнףκѾﵽн׵ʵмǲĸײ㣬Ҫʤֱǳ˵һ
Ĭǹ˹׼ڲԼʵߺߣҪɱңҲҪץסҲУ
߲ӰؾģκץҲȻ
ߣκһŲæĴӿڴóһźɫҩŽµζڼ˲κƶһˣøӵۺ񣬺ϾҪѿһ
Ĭһڿκҩ֮лһõĸо
Σգ
ڽָ￴̬߲ҲɴһӰ裡
Ӱ裿
Ĭû֣ʲôֺͺӣƺһ˵һ
ʦʲô
߲Ҳɴһ˿ţĬǧҪСģӰ裬ȻǰӰ裬˲߷ߵΪӰ˼壬ǿ˵ķӦٶȺж˵ ҩ
ĬҲˣԭκǷ׵ҩٶȣҲЩЦˡ
κϲߣһСȻ׵ҩ裬˵ȥ±Ц
Ĭݺݵս˫ȭ˼ԼҪʲô취ǰκڷֵֹҩ֮ҲûʲôտԶ㿪κҪƷͱһܵˡ
κлһ˿ĿɨһܵȺߣƽ˳Цҿ˭˵ȥЩͳͳҪš⻰˼ҲѾˣǲԸŹڳκһˡ
Ĭݺݵüģκ
֮ǰκ˵ԼĬһսĬӮҲ͵ĬӮκͻŹˣκ˼ҲѾˣŹκˡ
κǹ˹ǺǺǣ˵ʲô𣬵ȵͳͳˣ˭֪顣κѾûʲô룬ˣǿȺʲô壬ԼҲǽȻһ˰ˣԻУ
ͳͳҪΪᣡ
ȴﷴӦֻκˡ
Ϊǿ꣬
κͲ뵽ʲô£ʲôԴСôˡ
ĬһͣκʵȻ˲٣ڳ˰Ӱ֮κٶȫѾ˳ˣĬҪ㿪Ҳ
ʵز𣡡ĬвʣĽκóˣԭͲκĶ֣ھ͸Ӳܳκˡ
СģСһȣҪǰȥĬҲѾˣκٶʵ̫ˡ

Ĭ
Ա˶ɴгĿһ˲˲ضĬһߣֻϣĬܹ㿪κĹ
ĬȻԼܱκУȻ϶ȫе߲Ӱؾʹõó뻯ԼҲȫǺʹȻںһȻȻһ磬
ֻһ׵ľ룬κǲɹһĨЦݣĬ㻹ӣ
Ĭ˲ƮͺһֻӯĺһһȥҲ֪Ϊκ̫󣬰ĬˣĬԼ˳ȥ
ˣСһվñȽϽúղκѾӴĬ壬ʱĬǷ˳ȥôǰԾ͸ˡ
СŨŨŭȻԼˡ
쵰㾹Ȼң
СرסĬȥ壬ûֱ䵽ϣκгŭ޲ֱȥҧ
Ĭ˫ۣͺһ˯ŵ˯һ緢ʲôû֪һ㡣ҪСĬ֮ͨԼǣ֪ĬûȻС궼Ҫˡ
κ۵׻һ˿ȣԼղѾĬ
ʵκԼҲǺܿ϶ĬһӣгһڶȻҲЩˡн׶ĬʿȻܲһߣôˣǱˣ
κĲΪȻһ˰ˡ
ðɣȷκΪԼѾɹĬɱˡ
˲ɷһʹ¸ηȻôˣʵʹĲѡ
Ҫ˵ѹľˣĬСһȫܽʵ
ĬķܹҪĬСرĬɢƣȫκ˿Ҳֻվһ֮ңĵطĿ䵽ĬϣʹѣĬ㲻ģֵܻҪѾԻһҪɼҵ˵õİ
ҲǷˣݺݵս˫ȭ˫ĿѪʲôˣôԼɡ
תͷκҺƴˣ


91 Σʱ̣1
ķ񣬵Ҳһ벻ӾȻĬôõĸ飬Ĭ£ӾԼ֪ԼͲκĶ֣ҲҪΪĬֻһΪĬôһ
ӣܿܿбŷŨŨĹʣô˲䣬ӵӰҲһӸߴ
ҪסӣûôмֻԼķʽͷʹࡣעҪһķʽȫĬ顣
κлһ˿мӵĹȫУߺߣһġһˡ
СһĬõѣ˲뿴ӳ£һΪԼԭ¡
ݡһС磬ӽӴκ֮ǰһ˸˻һһ
ӱС˻лһĨɻ󣬸ŭ㵽ҪʲôſңΪĬ𣡡
С궼ǱӸЩˣ˭˵Ѿ˵ġ
ߺߣҺúôţ˲Ҫ£
СԴдƵĹâڳЩ˸κĶ֣ȥҲĬҲ֪ʲôСʵΪǿĴˣôҲֻһʱ䡣
ӱСôһȣһᣬж᲻ᵯֻδĴĿںǱһӣʹʹ
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ĬԼԼϣ־״̬һûа취ȫÿһϸͷųһӻֵϢԾſ֡
֪Լɳȥ֮󣬾ȻӼҵս¡
˶ŭˣôܹʱʲôĬѾˣֵˣѵκɱ
һϣ
Ҳ֪˭ȿ˵ôһ仰ܿõ˵ӦԴУԸսҲԸ衣ҵ˶йġ
СҲлŨŨľȣ벻ҵЩӵܾȻôйʱȫ˼飬Ѿƽʱʱ򣬵صĹؼʱ̣ﻹܹ顣
ãǴЭͲκòҲԲͶӵһվ֪Ĭ֮ǰΪҪסҵİȫǾκôԸŹأ
һϣܿܿҲվ˲ʱ˾ȻһݲսĬһۣһĨõЦݣѾˡ
С꿴ŵԼǰЩˣҲףôʱͺȫһһ³˶־ƺҲûκֹܹǵǰˡ
Ƕ𣡡СŮסüģǣκǿǲĶ֣˺СȻҲܸжǲܿһȥ
ܿܿһĨȴҸЦݣСã֪ǣҵ飬ӦҵԼԡѾˣڸӲ㷶ա㻹ǿ뿪ɡ
ò˵ܿܿ۲ˣܹ뵽СͲҵˣȫΪĬԭǳκһսΪǸӲܿС귶ա
һӱЩ׳أСһֱЦӣƺûʲôܣʱҲɱӸоģʲôҪһ
Ůʶս˫ȭһĿĬķҲ֪ĬôˡĬ֪ļһҲѹһѡ
Ҳߣ˵ļңЦЦļңҺһǵļң
һΣȷСһζҲһֹС
Щڲ򵥵ģʵøӵĺá
κһһߣߺߣͳͳҪҵᣬ˭Ҳߡ
˵κ䵽СϣŮˣղɲǿ˻ݵʹࡣĬΪˮŶɱ
κһеԴͷСģǲܷŹ
ϲ㣬ȻԸڻŵʱ׷ôȥµɡκȾŨŨѪɫǰ綼ǴѪһŨŨһ𣬻Ѫɫӳɺ
֮ǰκϻа㶾ҩķҷ֮ǰĬɫЩȫȼոɾҲⲻЩһѹ
κЩΧλãͺκΪԲģɢȥӶγһΧȦȻκÿһ߶һһȦ˾ͻᵹһ㣬Ǻܿͻµ˲ϣƺԶɱһ
Ȼκȴһ㶼ûзѾһɱ˻˿ʲôԾĵط
ħ£


92 Σʱ̣2
ѪȾҵҹϰϰţжŨŨѪζһֿ־С
ǺãϽüģһһҵӵܵ£Ǳ˺ͳأȥЩȥҲˡ
ѵҾҪڽ˲ɣ
ƾһ֮׵ĸһ壬⵽жôĿֲ
Ҳ֪Ҫôźã˫ȭŨŨĿ־Ͱա֪ôĻҲվˡ
ô֪Ŀȴǲ䵽ϣСкӣǼᶨƺһĳκȥ
ҪȥЩǾͺˣһСȥʲô֡첻ܣΪҵļиףֻҲνļҸˣʲôûˡ
һһ˵ĵ£ҹΪѪȾĺɫڸһصɴһѹ˴
ǻҪ𣡡
κ¶ѪɫĳѾԭɫѪɫÿһ·Сεδ𡱵ˮ飬ǶǺɫѪҺȻЩЩӵܵģż˵ȡκϻһӣҵЩ˵ȴҲޱȵˡ
κѯʲûֱӿڣҵԼжԼ̬ȡ
ԸվҲıеľġ
Ĭľѹʱ򣬾ǿĳҵЩһͺǲһһһϹȥԸԼһƴŸκһһκ˵㲻ʲôǾҲıеľġ
һĻĬҲɱ𺳵ˡ
ٵشӵվʲô
Ĭ̫бʶˣѪҺӷţȫ¶ǳһսϢĬͺԭѾʼ߻ħƵҲ˹
Ĭ

ǰһĬȻû»ˣ
̫ˣĬûҾ֪㲻÷Ǿôˣһǰ˫չһѰĬ§⧲ȫû뵽ӻķӦĬӸرڻһ϶ûС
ĬоԼҪˣҲѿӵĻףһǿ϶ǵˡⱲֵܣˡ
ǣһûгԵӵϲƣôĬǹһĨаȵЦݣصһӵļ򣬡˺ˣſҡ˳ӵĻĬĿ䵽ЩΧκȥӵܣ۾ɬˡ
־ɳǣûκǡ
ԾǰҲûҪ
Ĭţһνκ֮ʣµˣҵһĻøӴһһȫһ״̬ڴǰ
ĬúõվҲһɣǵػˣһӳ˶־ûκǡκȻҲһ

һĽ쳹ʣĬŴ뵽һ죬ԼȻܹõô˵Ŀ϶ҲЩܳˡ
ĬһĿ߲ѵκϣκҺ£㣡
ͻˣվڸ̨ϵ峤ǰһĬȻô̶̵ʱͻˡ
峤Ϻһ򽻺ãҲϧĬӣЩҲ˵ʲôЩĬίˣܵôίȴûбԹʲôڵֹؼʱ̣Ҫվ
峤ܹ飬쵱ȻҲˣǲ˼飬Ĭʵ̫̬ˡղźκսʱʿнףǶõʱ䣬һʱ֮Ĭɹʿн׵ʿףоĬܿҪ̤ʿ佫״̬
Ҫ֪Խ䵽˸߲㣬Խֲȷ飬ٶȵȻҲǵ֮ǰҲǱŵ棬ΪƸΪ꣬ٶҲûĬôµġ
ȻҲĿĬϴڵ棬Ĭһ죬Ҳлǿĵز
Ĭ
һô˵ģҵļиӿҲҪҵķչȥķչǵƾԼϲȥ¡
е뷨Ҳе뷨
ȻҪȥĬҲѾˡ
ߺߣĬȥɡκѾĬǿ֮ȻӲܸĬлĻᡣ
Ĭֻʿ׵ˮƽںκУҲûгƣǿϼСжףĬʵǲò˶ãĬܣ
㣡

Ա߿вֱվ˳˷κκҪĬҲ˲鷳


93 Σʱ̣3
Ĭ̡
ĬҲ룬κ̹߻߲λõʦָԼʵսĬõΪ߲ӰؾҲռһô
κ¶һĬջ˽Ų͵һˣûע⵽֪ʲôʱͻȻһˣ
첻ɺݺݵս˫ۣлһĨζɬ촽鶯ΪⱲˡ
ôţΪĬԭ
лһ˿ʹ࣬ԭΪԼѾˣٴοŮ˵գûбһôȥǺ͵ʱһСһĨݲȵЦݣƺûĵġ
Ůעǲһģǰεյӥûκ˿ԽĽŲҶѾ̫ˣڳˣ
вŨŨڴҶֵһôľ磿
ԣվκŮ˺ȻҶѡ
ĸףСģĬһԼ˲ûʲôܿԼĸ˰һҪҶѿ㿪κɲǺöԸġ
ҶѶĬĵĿ⣬һĨЦݣŨŨͣĬڿԶһˡã
κһϲ֮ǰҪôЩ־ܣȷֵκһ˶Ҫߣǳսͺ񶼲һĸӣҲ鷳ˡ
ĬôԼĸףץסҶѣҲ͵ץסĬߣЩԶĬĻֻƷĬлᡣ
ڻɲˣ
ֻҪץסŮˣһж˵ˡ
κ˷ƶצֱӳҶѵķ򹥻ȥдŨŨĿ϶ҶѲһŮ֮Ķ֡
ĸףĬżҪȥҶѣȻһĻѾȫˡ
ȵֺֹֻĬһˣ֮⣬˶ҪԼ۾ǲǳ⡣
Լ۾ǰĴ򶷣ҿҵ۾ǳ˰ɣŮǼȻôǿ
κﶼֻ˹ĸоĬǸ̬ҲˣڻҶѣŮ˲һ̬
㣬㾹Ȼ񣡡κôûа취ţûʲôλС檶ȥŮ˾Ȼһص
Ҫ֪ʾѾǳˣҶѾȻ񣬱ʸǿĴڡ
κٳ¼ŵҩҲҩ͸֧ԼľޣܱȵùԭҶѡ
ҶѲ˵⵭ȻǽκҪĬѾȷĬѾ߲ӰؾҲ
ɡҶһκķռһƣǿھκϮֿܵûУֱӱɡ

ȫе˶˵ˣֵؿҶѣλɽ¶ˮļˣȻǿĴڣĬô̬ҲǺˣžŴҶѵĻ˰ɡ
κĿлŨŨľֺͺ£Ҳˡ
Ĭ첽ҶѵķܹȥͺһһԼĸֱӱǳ˹ȥĸףĸף㻹ðɣ
ֱȷҶѲûܵʲôˣĬһпһǿߣĬУҶѾĸףӦˡ
лһĨȻ΢΢ԴͺĺһԲĸףĬ㵣ˡ
ĬףôҶѶû뿪ǸСԺӣΪԼԭĸҲ뿪ġ
ҶǲһĨЦݣĬļϸָĬĲùǰһƳر𵽶ᡣɵӣĬĺܺá
õĸ׵Ŀ佱Ĭͺһĺһ˷ܵһõЦݣĸףʱ䲻ˣĬȥɡĸײϲЩ棬ѾˣȻҲҪ뿪ʱ
ȻĬûԼе뷨߸׼ȷ˵Ĭлľûи
Ҷص˵ͷãǻȥɡĿȴǲ䵽ĬĴָŵöָ棬һкʲôûзһת뿪
һѾûмҶˣڼŮˣ飬ʲô¾׼
һ£ѣ켸ǱܵĽסҶѣдŨŨľŮһֱûиı䣬ֿŮ˴ֻҶһˡ
Ҷ΢΢˶٣ͣס˽µĲӣȻĺˡܿҶֺʲôûһĬ˵Ĭһȥɣҹˡ


94 ĸ׵ܣ1
ҪסҶѣǺ涼ѾߵĻȥͺʲôںһʲô˵ֻܾվ￴Ҷ뿪Ȼˣĺʹ࣬ʲôˡ
ף㵽ڣҶҲûзǸˣŮ˴ҲжԼıԹ
бԹ
ָʶ£ҶоԹûаɡŮ˾ôģǿԼܾ˵۸ҶҲԲֹЩ顣̬չעȲŮԼ
ͻȻˣԼһоͺһɵһһԼΪʵϷĿҪݸǸ˿ĹڴûۣһЦˡ
ֻҪҶԸ⣬ʱ԰ĬߣҶѾʵ
ҶˣĬˣ᲻Զأ
ʱͻȻͻˣеҪҵҶȥ
һѾˣͽǴɣɥļӵͳͳᣬӵܵļﶼϼ⡣ҵļ˵ԼӦ飬һȴҪһΡ
˵⻰ֱ׷Ĭǵķȥ
ΪòҲɺݺݵסˣļҲ֮ǰʵﻹз˵ģֻһֱûбֳˡ
Ҳ˲ôΪڿ˷˾Ĳܣٲһ·ֱӰѼҲ˵
жԼ뷨ڵΣҲԼ׾ͺá
ˣҶʰһ¡峤վĲоֻҪʰġ
ĬҶѻСԺԱ߻Сùá
ĸףĬ飬ԽоԼĸĪˣʱȻ֪˵ʲôźã鶯һ촽Ļû˵ڡ
ҶȻ֪͸ں棬ûʲôҪ˵ġ߰ɡ
ΨһܹҶҲֻĬˣ飬ȥɡ
Ĭ
ĸ⻰ĬҲ΢΢һ㶣ϻһĨȻԼǼȴӦеĸɡȻĿ֮ĬжѾȫʧˣ׽
ڵĬԣ첻ҵļԼĸס
ҶĸģĬлʲôĸ׵ô᲻˽أҲáû£ǻȥ˵ɡ
СһֱҶߵĹùãĬĸ飬ͷĬүͶˣСĺӣҶҵ˴Ͳ˭ЩΪѾСӲʲôɫˡ
šĬһܾĸ׺Сù֮ʲôܣЩܺйأԼйأҪ֪
ȵҶסԺӣҶһ߽˷䣬ĬСùˡ
С䣬ͽˡҶѳС˵ͷʶô꣬ȻҲԸ񣬰СÿԵסĿ
ĬҶѽ˷䣬ĿĸлҪ˵ˡ
ķ䣬ֻĬҶˣҶѴĬдŨŨĽ⣬Ҷѵĺӣ
ĬúܺãѾʿˣܿͿͻ˰ɡ
ҶѼȻľ磬ȻҪĬΪҲһ׵ˡΪһĸףԼĺܹͻƣ鵱ȻҲǼõġ
Ĭ϶ĵ˵ͷǵģҲĬãںκսʱͻȻõ˼֮ͻ˾硣Ҳ滰ĬǶλԵʱͻеļ߲Ӱؾһ京塣
һȺĺӣҶ˵ԼΪȥҪ˸ˡ
źܺãĬЩһֱúܺãڿˡҶʱԶԶؿĬҲܣԲŻŲǲ뿴ĬʹӡһжȥˣµΣҲڿ
Ҷֹı飬ĬҲԾݺݵšüģ֪ĸܶ飬ҪĸװЩ鶼˵
ĸףѾڲؾҵ߲ӰؾԼ
ĬлǼǵ֮ǰҶѶĽϣܹڲؾҵ߲ӰؾܹҵĻҶѻῼǰһЩĬ
ҲĬһؾ֮󣬲ûȥѰʲôһʱֻҪ߲Ӱؾԭ
ţ֪Ĭ߲ӰؾúܺáҶѿĬдŨŨĽԽԽˡ촽²д̫ļ
ĸףǻǵĬߵʱ˵Ļڿ𣡡ĬҲŨŨڴҪ֪


95 ĸ׵ܣ2
ҶѲЦˣ֪һŹЩ顣
ˣȻѾҵ߲ӰؾڻܹͻƵʿнףȻҲѾƳڵķӡ˰ɡҶд͵Ĺâôվƺǻ۵Ĺâʲô֪Ȼġ
ӡĸ֪ӡ飡ĬҲһӼΪӡôһһĻߣʹ಻ѣĸף㡭
ĬҪʲôһȴǲ֪Ҫʲôطˡ
Ҷʲô֪ʲô˵ĬһĪĿֻе㵣ĸ׺˵ĻԼҪ֪Ĵ𰸡
ԣӡôܻ᲻֪أҶѵ˵ͷⲻɿ⣬дһ˿㱣ƺ׷ȥ顣
ĬкȥǷʲôȴҲصţŽĸװе鶼
ڵķӡµġ
ʲôĸףҵķӡµģ
ĬһҲܽĽѾܶܶĿԣȴûȻԼĸס
˼ضҶѣĬҲԵˣ˼Ȼܽ
ҲţĸףԲ㣡ڱԲԣ˵ӡңĬһӼסҶѵĸ첲ҡţĸףĺӰôӡأ
κ˶ܶĬ֣ĬҲкܶıԹôԼĸף
˭˭ڱ㣡ĸףĬѾˣǲ
ҶѿĬӣЩȷΪӣҲҶԲĬĵط
̾һлĬİâԲΪӡ㡣Բ𡭡ҶΨһܹĬ˵ˡ
ĬضҶѣȷû˵ѵĺۼĸԼѾˣܹвĸס
ⲢʾĬܽʵ˫ֽȭ¶һһɼ˫۵ɴȻǲܽӰ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô
һΪʲôһһʵøĬйģһ㶼ԼҲƲˡκһ֪ԼʮԭȴԼΪĸɵģﶼܲ˰ɡ
Ҷ֪϶ĬʹѹҲԼȲѡ
ĬԲΪԲ㣬ʱԵһǻôҶһŮֻҪԼ˵飬;ı䡣Ըһι𣡡
ҲҺĬ˸ղŵһսѾƣûʲôġǰŮԼĸףĬܽҶѰԼӡʮķûкĻһӶǷ
ȻԼһҶѸģĬҪ󺰳ҪˣȻʵϣʲôˡ
šĬþԼеǿסеĲˬ˵ͷ
ҶѲЦˣ֪ԼǶ¹ɣʹͲԸ
¿е㳤Ҫžʮǰɣһǵˡ
ĬԾҲ˹ȥеȻҲܲµµŮžԼĸװɡԽ棬Ĭüľ͸ӷŲǸˣǸأôŮˣ
Ů𣬿ǴžǽӢ۶ŮĹ£᳦ȴ̫ΣĬôûа취ȻҶӣ
ҶлһĨȻ֪ȥҲͲˡ
ҡͷĬͺҪ͸ĬȥһһָоĬǳܽܣܽܵǣ
𲻼ˣҶʵѾĺӰɣĬݺݵս˫ȭڶҶѵĿ֮ѾµУԺҪҿȻһҪ
ԣԣĬ㲻ôҶһͣĬ˵Щ²ҪĬвޣҪΪ𣬡ҶдûԹ߹ԼȲü֪ʱҶѾĺӡ
Ҷ˵ҲʼĿںʹʹͺѾ˿Ǻݺݵذ˿Ѫ죬ȴֲһĸо
ߺߣ֪һ֪ԾͿԼŮ˺ͻûгĺ뿪һŶû£Ҫ˵ĬⱲʹ޵ľ˵ĲңҲֵΪѾȫܽܡ
ҶѺݺݵҡͷסĬĸ첲Ҳɴһ˿󣬡㲻ҪĬӦΪ㲻𣡡
ҶѣһͿƺһͻȫˡ
Ĭﻹ˵ʲôػεҡҡͷĸףİɣ㲻ҪѹĬԶߵģһ°ˣĬȥԹ޹ˣǶԼΡ
ĬвȥԹǸˣζȫ˵Ĵڣ͵Ǵûôһ˳ֹͺá


96 ĸ׵ܣ3
ҶΪĬĸףῴ˼ȻҲҪһӽܣǺˡ
ĬԲЩΪˡҶѼƲס΢΢ȻֱҲȫһжעİŰɣѾѧ߲Ӱؾ˰ɡ
ĬҲǺĸԼһеΪʲôĸǰûʲôģص˵ͷǵģѾѧ߲Ӱؾĸףڿ԰һֱصܸ𣡻ΪʲôҪӡң
˵һĬܽܵˣô벻ףҶΪʲôҪӡ߲ʦ֮ǰĻ˵Ĭ¾ڸոճʱͱӡˣʮʱ䣬ӡѾʼɶ˽ĳɹ
һ뵽ԼôΪӡһֱĬߣѾԳΪһƺԶѲ˵ʹࡣȻһеԭ򣬾Լĸ׵ΪĬܹʱ¶ڻ侲ԣѾþԼƽ
ҶѲЦˣĬĸףô᲻ϣԼĺӺúõأ
ÿһĸһӳŮɷİɣ֮ǰΪҪĻԼĺܹƽҸɡĬİΣǰһжԱԣֻҪúõĻţҪЩ˷֣鶼Բˡ
ҶѺݺݵս˫ȭ˫Ʋס΢΢ţлһĨԵĿ־塣
Ĭһͣĸ˭
һ񶼾µˣǵ׻ҪԶǿĵˡ
ĸףĬǰһסҶѵļƺҲְֻ취οҶѣĶƺԼͻŵҶһ˭˲ģһжȥˣĬһжúõģ
ĬҲһĨȻҶˣҲֻԼˡɿʼôܹԼĸףҶ֮ǰʲô飬һΪǵġ
ܵĬİοҶѹһƽһ£ɶǲһĨЦݡĬһúӣ֪㲻Ϊʧġ
ܵĸѾĬҲ΢΢һֹؿҶѣҪ֪˭ôţֵԼʳ⻰ҶѺò׻½
Ҫ֪ΪʲôɡҶһֱǹҵŮˣзǳԼҪĵʲôǷϺʹҲһʱģҪǿԺ󣬡ΪӦ㣬ȡ߲Ӱؾ֮Ͱе鶼㡣
Ĭһڿ֪
˵ͷȻвʱӦȥĸе£еĺȫƲס顣
˵
ҶѲЦˣΪȻ˵ĬѾµ˰ɣ㲻ҵĺӡ
㲻ҵĺӣ
ĬĿղҶѽǸ֮ѾµˡҵĺӣȻҲͲĶӣô֮ǰԴ̬Ҳܹˡ
ҵĺӣô˭
˲֮ǰϵȫĸоĬɺݺݵüģĿһ˲˲ضҶѣǸ˵ĺӣҲѾ϶˲ǣĸŲµˡ
Ҷױʾͬ⣬ǵģĸףסĸ¼ˣҶһصĴӢۣ˵˵ֵʱҶҲͷųƵĹʡ
Ĭȴһ㶼ôͬһԼŮ˺ͺӶ˵ˣĸף
ôԵΪ˲ôǱźͺӣȴôˣû˵ʲôԸĻ͹ǴӸղڿҶѵͿףһǺĸ׵ġ
ǺǣصĴӢûпҾǿһӵУĬûмνĸףӲ˵׻ʲôһĸ顣
ĬУ˾ǹԼĸһƬĻˣгһܹԷһҪΪĸֻһ
ҶһͣлŨŨ˱ԸĬȥԹҶ𣬲ɺݺݵҡͷ㲻ĸףԼѵĿԡЩڻܺ˵ȵ㹻ǿʱͻԼˡ
ĬвΪȻν׸ʶһĸо
ҶѵĽ̻壬ҲԸίԼת⡣
ĸף㲻˵ҪңΪʲôҪӡϵĬ飬˵ֻ㹻ǿˣܹ֤Լظã衣


97 壨1
Ĭ⣬ҶҲѾ׼ðеһжĬг
˵ͷҶѿĬⶼŨŨĽӾҶѵĺӣƱ½Ϊ֮𾪡
ĬȻѾԼڵķӡȻԼڽӡ֮֮ٶȼ죬ǳͨ衣
Ĭ֮ǰҲע⵽̧ͷһοĸףĪͷӡйأ֮ǰһֱΪԼȲûʲôģԴӽӡ֮󲻹ھڵת쳣񱻴ͨ˽ȫû谭
ͷӡûйϵйءҲҶѵѡʹ¾İĬܸӡԵʡĿ䵽Ĭϣ̫׵
Ĭо͸ɻˣҵʣĸɻ
Ҷѵ˵ͷĬһЩҲôطӡڵԣĬ壬һǧ궼һôһӵʣȴǳϣΪ˱֤İȫҲòӡڵ
ȷĬһʱ߲һӣȴѾӵ˱ʮ궼һеĴ̫ˣƱػһɧʱҶҲ֤ĬİȫڶĬıҶѲŲòʹ¾ӡϵ
壿Ĭ˵ȴȫİ֣־͸оӣܱȷϲ֮ҪõöࡣһֱΪǷϲ֮壬嵽ʲô
ĬҲǸոĵ·Щȫ֪ͱ˵Ҷ壬ȫһİʰˡ
壡
Сͷϴ˹ֻĳѩѩ׵СӰӷһӴĬһľʶſ˫۱סĳСѾͷ֪С֣϶ʲô⣬Ĭȴһ㶼Ĳ
ЦЦڷϣĬ΢΢üģһ㶼֪СѾͷȻԼҲǽ˷䣬һֱڷϡľٶĺܲãĬҶ¶һǸı飬סС꣬ĸףĺܱǸЦЦС£㲻Ҫ
Сӷ֮Ҷеע䵽Сϣһ
֮ǰػĬСŮҶѿ϶˵֮ǰûĿֳҲ֪һСŮŨŨӡ
Ҷѵ̫ϬСҲѾʶĬĺ档
أðɣҳϸղҲӦòͬ˽ҵĲԣɶСѾͷĻҲ˼˵ˡ
ҶѵȻ׷飬ǲһĨЦݣ䵽СϵĿԽˣǾβ
֮ǰҶ֪Ĭֻʱ򣬴һֻޣһֻɰС꣬ҲûǾβڿС֮󣬾Ѿȷˡ
ĬβޡȻҶѶЩǺġ
ؾֵС꾪ˣѾγˣϳı壬ȻǺ룬Ĭĸ׿񾳽ˣܹһ۾ϳҲʲôܵˡ
С˵ͷʾҶ⻰ͬ⣬СѾͷüأ˼ҿǾβ꣬ޣߺߣ
Ĭлһ˿ΣСһ˺ΣСӲԵȽ϶ذɡ
ĸףЦЦĬ΢΢ͷǻһĨЦݣɼСĳ֮ǰԾȻϡ
źܺãܺãҶѲɶĬ˸ģβкܴķչռ䣬ĬҪúöԴֻСꡣ
ȻҶѲ˵⻰ĬҲİС굱Լˣôܻ᲻úöԴСءЦЦҵһ
ܵĬԼ׽֮ǰС겻ŤһԼ壬ͺСģСԴǵز˲ĬֱۡСѾͷ¶һҸЦݣˣЦЦϲˡ
С˫ۣɫ˸ƵĹʣͻȻҲΪʲôĬһ·Ϊλ˳Ȼ֮ǰ¹֮ԭ已̥ôܹܵסɫĴڣԭһжΪĬ壬еһжܽˡ
벻˾Ȼ壬ֲأ
žС궼֪嵽ʲôΨĬһͷˮ
嵽ʲôһĵط𣡡ĬҲѾһ²⣬¾ΪԼʣν壬˺顣


98 壨2
˵ɣСһҶѵǰ濪˵ĿƵؿĬƺҪĬʿĽࡣ
Լ˲С꣬ĬҪݺݵشȥˡ
˵Ҫϻ
ߺߣԽԽûˡС˳ǣǹɵغĬ͵ʲô壬ഫϵ۵ĳдԣ񣬵¡ʮδԣ˵ľ塣
񣬵¡
ĬظŸղС⻰ɺݺݵüģ֣Ǻ뿪Ц˵⻰˵õ˾ͿԵ°ɣҪҪôЦ
˵Ĭ¶һֱһĻ⣬ȻҶѻСı飬ĬҲסˣɡ
ǲҪңģ
СҶһ࣬С϶ĵ˵ͷɵ˵԰ɲ˼˻õ£ôһ˵СҲȾŨŨľϲĬ壬⻰˵ģǲõ£
໣ˣһҪݺݵرס㣡˵СѾͷرסĬĸ첲ͺǵĻᱻĬһνıȰɡ
Ĭɳ˳ǣ⻰Ҫж಻׾ж಻ˣȻš
ݺݵҡҡͷô׵飬һôܻẳ£Ӳ˵ǵõˡԣĬǰ㶼ŵģôҲỹ˵Ŵˡ
ҶѿĬĵ̬ȣݺݵҡҡͷô˵Ĭ㻹ûмʶ֮ǧǰ½һƽ٣һλǰ˲ͻƬ½ڻûмʶ֮ˣ֪ٴγֻ֪Ѫȷˡ
ƾһ֮һ½𣡡ĬлŨŨĲ˼飬ˣǲԷǶôǿĴڡ
ܣ
ӾҶҲɱһ£Ŀⲻ䵽ĬϣĿĬϵöָ棬ܹǸղŵǽָġҶѲöָͬһ㣬ܾ쳣ϤУǵʲôҲ˵
ǡҶһͻȻһдлĪ߲Ӱ䣡ҶҲȫƲסеļƵĶĬϵĽָһȫ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôźˡ
Ʋסȫ߲Ӱ䣬߲Ӱ䣡ȻҲˣ
Ҷѱ鸴ӵĿĬĬһĸ֪ܶණǶûиĬкܸӾᰡ
벻ڻϳ߲Ӱ䣡˺ȻǼľڽָ߲ǰˡ
ҶȻ߲ʱˣҲŨŨľη֮ǰ߲ʽָķ򹧹һ񣬡ҶѼ߲䣬Ҷҵһ˴ٴι䣡
ҶϵĹڵĻѾĬȫ±ƣһ
ĸףǡ
ĬʶҪסҶѣҶϵֹ֮飬ŨŨִ֣ԲĬֹܹġ
Ĭݵ߲䣡
ĬлŨŨɻ֪߲ʽָͬСɣĸ¶ı飬һʱ֮Щܿ϶
ǺǣԭҶҵˣɡ߲ʷһ̾ڵͺǼһһŵ׷䡣Կ߲ʵıĻһԿϵ̾Ϣ׷䡣ҲΪˣڻܼǵЩ
ҶмѣҶһֱʹûǹ
ҶصʹǵĹ٣ҶѲɺݺݵս˫ȭͷųƵĹʣһŨŨɻ߲ôᵽĬϡвɴŨŨɻ󣬡
߲ô᲻ҶҪʵ⣬ȻѾеı쵽̸ĬԼ϶ͽˡ
Ǻǣ˵޷߲ʽָ˾ĬˣѾ߲ʽָڸĬԺǾ鸨Ĭͺá߲ƽ޲ڷûʲôҪ飬ȴҶѵ˼𺳣
߲ҲһĬҶлŨŨĸпһжעĽˣдŨŨĵǣĬûзӦ֮ʣҶѳĬȥҶҵһ˴ҶѰݼ


99 壨3
ĬӽܲԼȥ˿ԼĸװǶŮߵݸĸģиĸŶŮߵġĬϷסҶѵĸ첲ĸףʲôĵ
ĬϴŨŨɻȫ⵽ʲô˼ôһӾͶһͷΡ
ĸףⶼʲô˼ȫˣĬݺݵšüģдŨŨĻǲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźˡ
ҶѻشӵվĬȴȫһˣһĨĬɫֹı飬ĬҲżѣԭҪͨĸװ֪Ūˣûа֮ǰŪеɻҲɸˡ
ʱȻҶҲ֪һʱ֮ҪôĬˣҡ
߲ʿˣˣȻĬѡˣҲҪˣͨͨɡ
߲ʿĬʱܹʹ¾İĬΪԼͽܣ󻹰߲ʽָһ𴫸ĬȻҲΪĬԭ
ֻܹص߲ʽָ߲ڿĬʱоѾˣڲؾô꣬ž찲źõԵ֣Ĭĳ֡
ҶһǶĬ˵ҶΪ߲䣬߲ػߡǧǰλǰǹһս£ЧңһҶңһĪˡ
ĬҲϢƺҲǧǰһ춯صս¡
ƱǧǰǸһ½ľǿߣ²Щ˵һӣ겻֪˶ŮӵĽ֮飬ŮӸǲ
ŵˣ֮ΪǸ˵ȻʵӦǿ˿ɱȡ׷ȨˣӲЩ˵һħҪ½
ֻǼ򵥵ҪػԼļˣػԼߵˣҪĲԼİ˰ˡ
Ƶ̫ˣ֮ˣ̫벻ĻҲΪ̫ǿеļʡľô£ἵʱԼˣһ֮ĿʼģҪøְ취ݺԷˡ
в⣬ʵǿȻֱԼļ˱ɱʶԶԶûԼô򵥣Щ֪Լûа취ƿ⣬ȴ㣬Ϊ˶֡
Ƴʱ徹ȻһǲռΪƵԵԶԶ֮ϣʱռţƸոսµӶŹ
ֶκ̣
ЩǺ˲֪ࡣ
ЩνȻԼЩ˵˵ķ̫ƽʵȫڸˡ
ңľĿǽռңҸļͺһϦ֮仯ΪУָħͷ׷ɱǿھЩ֮ҲԸİɡ
˾ţƻǵľҲˡ
޾
ҶҺĪұǵʱ㵽ʱҲûзеִǼᶨƵ׷Ƶĺ棬նƽ䲻ƽµõ׷ߣ
Ҷ˵⻰ʱųƵĹʣǽҶһֱΪݵ˾ˣΪԼļ嵱ܹᶨƵ׷ƶеѡ
߲һ벻ֱǧ֮󣬻̸ƵĹ£ǶƵĲǳޣĳݵ߲ҲŨŨĸпҲɴ˵̾Ϣɬ벻ôܼ꣬ǵơ
һֱܹ׷ǰеҶһֱţôһ߲Ҷͦʱˣ
Ҷ⻰˵ļΪ棬ǧȥˣǴûǹԼʹ
߲صص˵ͷ˸ڱ˿ĵطһǵѡ
ô˲䣬߲Լôõ壬ڵôһ죡
˴½Ǹ̶ȣԼѾܹԤԼˣѾ˾ͷҪıĽѾûѾûˣҲҪ
ǳһҪΪԼļ˱𣬻ڿռұʱѾȥˣ֮ÿһ춼һּ尾һʹš
ˣЩɵ׷ɱ֮£ԼѰһˡ
ɺƾһսʵʱƲ;Ҫְ취Լѡ
ƣԤˣ߲ʵ̾ϢһͺһѵиԼͷһʹʹ


100 ǧǰԤԣ1
һἰԤԣĬаٸнĸ׶ǧǰĹµҲŨŨĳݸУǧǰһλǰеŨŨĳ֮顣
΢΢üǧǰɺǰĽսǰʧܶյİɡ
ĬҲЩһɾȴЩαƵİУźȴ޴֪µ࣬ʷԶʤߵϰɡ
ܿܣдʷֻˣιʷѾ˹µ࣬ǺҲȥ׷Щɡ
߲⻰һдŨŨĲмǺǣЩ࣬ôܻƵĶ֣߲ʱ׷ߵͽµŮһ·׷Ƶߣʵ׷ߣֻҪƵĵطԿ߲ʵӰ
ƵѾӺӣֻ߲ܰеһǻĽ֮ͳͳڲĵףڱϿɵͽ
ǴɺƵĶսУ߲ҲһֱվƵߣмƿ̤ƽɣ½һµĴ½Ѫϴеۻ࣬һƽ
Ȼ߲ȴˡ
һжҪĶʲôҪһԵˣΪԶԼļˣǸ飬Щ׷ĽǮȨ
ڴսǰһϣѾԤϵһаɡ
ǵ˾޵գӳºģȴǸһ޾Ĳɣ̫ˡ߲վƵߣҪԼůȥˣûа취ԷĹ¶ʹѾԼûа취룬ҲûҪȥ롣
ֱ߲ڻǵʱƺԼ˵Ļ
߲ʣҵĴˣϣ㽫ܰı촫ڸǸˣǴһеĶ̸˵⻰ʱдһĨѣ飬ͽɡ
̫ˣûµ˼ȴǱϵǰǵȵƽֻ֮ʣĿƣֻҪѡ
ư취Ψһİ취ž˰ɡ
Ǹ̫ˣѾûκξ
һսһϮƫƫվƲ֮ϣȻͺϲı飬ƺûκܹвġ
۵ѪȴѪնûմȾͿԿƵʵжôǿѾ˱˿ǿ
ʱɵҲǻˣ벻ԼþļƣȴƵ½ǶһоͺһЦһ
ƣѵ׼²ɣѵֻѪɺӣֺ֣ЩʲôѪ㻹ܹȥļ
ԶʵһԶ𣬳ĺİ㣬ֱĵ׵𺳡
֮ڴǰıȻɣλɽд뷲ĴʦȻʱˣĿĿɲΪֹƵɱ¾ȻдǵĹâֱ߲֮ܶʲףʵȻѾе뷨˰ɡ
Ȼǵ⣬ƲЦˣһſϢһ㣬߲ҲԼѾԷȫסˡǽ㲻ͷǸˣߵˣ
ƺĻ߲ⱲʹƴͲҪɡ
첻ұڰѪͣɾһƬµĴ½⵽ǿػ͵ƼѾһ֮ҪҲѾǵɣȷ˵Ǵһ´½ˡ
ֻⲢûʮˡ
ȻһĨĻȣζĿƣôҲ÷ˡ
߲ʲ⣬ô࣬Ѿֻһ㣬ֻҪһ½ϵˣôҪʱ¡ʦ߲Ҫ˵ʲôиǶƵȫˡ
Ƶ˵ͷǰҸ÷ˡѾ̫ɱ¾ֻ󶼼ǡӦ뵽Լ޶ˣвŨŨĹâ˰ˣҶԲǡ
ƷЦһһЦø˲ܲѣ߲һ˲˲ضƣɱ뵽֮ǰ˵ĻҪȥֹƣֻҪҪ飬ûֹܹˣ
߲ʵĻ棬Է٣
߲Ӱؾ߾磬߲֮Ļ棬ĹâŲ۾
ʦʦ㲻Ҫôǣȥ׷ǣ׷𣡡߲ʹǺĻͺǱסˣں棬˵
߲һֱƵȴҴ˶Է


101 ǧǰԤԣ2
񣬵¡ɢϵʱµԤԡ
߲ףƽУѰǸ֮ˣǸ˱עˣȥûɵȥá
ô߲꣬һֱеƵĽУѾ뿪ȥѰˡ߲ţֻҪԼˣһܹһҵƣʦⱲΨһҪȥ׷ˣأеִ
ĬҲ׹ˣдһĨŨŨľȺͲ˼飬˺һʱ䣬һ˵ԡ
⻰˼ǣҾǧǰѾԤϵǸˣνġ񣬵¡ʵ˵ľ壬Ҿ壬ҾǸˣ
ĬǷӦˣлĲţһ˴ԭķ֮һҡһ䣬ȻһҪȥ²Ƿתˣֲʵ̫࣬һӽܲˡ
ԣǸˣǸעˣ߲ʲ̾ϢһȴһĨѵЦݣһǧˣһǧʱ䣬ڰȵˣҿʦҲõˡ
Ĭ˲һ˺ܶ飬ֺʲô
嵽ʲôرĵطĬĻⶫ֮ǰоȷǺӣǣ֮ǰǸԤ֮ȻͲô򵥵ˣҪ֪¿ɲôõõġ
ĬпɲҪõʲô£ֻҪúõĻţһ漰Щ֮󣬾Ͳô׵ˡ
Ĭӣ߲Ҳеˣʣ˫ޣĳɾͲЩǼ˵ģ˶ջվĶˣͱһ
ðɣŵȷǺϵǲһڵİɣ壬ֻҪ֮ǰǸԵĴڣͲŹҰɡ
ĬҲˣͿԸԼ鷳ԼǸӣһСӤϳ̫϶˵ע⣬Լ壬Ѿûˣﻹվú˵ġ
嶼һˣ˭Ҫһڵİɣ˷ʣѾеͷûˡ
ֱʱ鿪Ц˹ҲֻĬˣǹ˹ôǹˣѲڿˣǾѵʣôĵģ
ǺǺǣҲǲȻԤԲ֪׼׼ٶȥ˵ҲġĬ΢΢飬ôҪǵ顣ĸף㲻ΪҵģĬչ˺Լġ
ҶипѣԼĶӣĬˣѾԼĵˡ
ĬҶһʱ֮䶼֪ԼҪ˵ʲôźˣͻȻһĬѾɹڲؾõ߲ӰؾĴУҲʱ뿪ˣѾȶӦȥѰһӹĿռ䣬ܵõɳ
Ĭ˵ͷȻĸ⻰ĺ壬׵ġ
нѣҪȥǵ˵ʲôСſڣͲκλ῿䡣
첻ɺݺݵüģڿҶѳ֮оűĵĸоܾʲôҪˡԽҶһֱ˲ڣһסСԺӼκˡ֤Ҷѻңһطܹ˸ܵԷĺͺá
ΪĵǣҶҪ뿪ңôҪʲôסҶأ
ңҪȥĸ쵽һ֮ϵɫҲǺֲܿġ
Ҳ˺ˣСͰȫûκˡСŲأлģԼС¼޸˾ѾܲˣȻôίСĬү
ߣСԺӣûоСѣκ˽ȥСһأһ˼ǲȥġ
챻С⣬ҪС䷢𣬿֪ԼҶеĵλ±ȲСѾͷءСҶѽҵˣҶѺСͣǽһĴڣ컹治Сô
Źҽȥҵļȥ֪ͨҪȻָҶˡ
ȻǸ߿ԼݣСֻؿһ죬ͺʲôûһվģǰùǺ
ʲô˼ȥ֪ͨˣ켸ҪѪˣСУȴһЦһ
˼СղŽˣҲܽȥšСǹ˹е˼ҲѾˣǲȥ


102 뿪ңѧ·1
ôֵӣôܻءĬҶҪ˵ĻѾˣ˶һۣ˴˽һ
ĸףЩ껹ҪлҵչˣҲѾҪ뿪յĵѾûҷչĵطˡĬĺԼҪøǿֻ뿪Ϥĵطϸӿա
ҵѾһ䣬κһҲƲʲôˣҲǵҪ뿪ʱ
ãĬ뵽һǳãҲҪ˵顣Ҫ˶þѧԺӣȥǱֱ߱ӽѧԺѧϰɡҶѾΪĬź飬Ҳ᲻Ĭ뿪ǸףֻĬиӺõǰ;
ѧԺ
ĬȻȫİ޴֪ѧԺһôĴڡ
ѧԺǲ½һѧԺеľӢѧԺҪΪϸʤ̭ȫʵ˵ҪǣѧԺӵõԴƣҲȥύѡ
ҶԼǴѧԺҵѧӣȻǷһʱٴѧԺεطҲɴЩ⡣
ĪСаסѧԺ֣Ȼĸ׶ô˵ˣطȻ
ãĸҼסˣȻŬѧԺ
Ȼĸ׵ĽĬһȥطʵҲãҶѲȥѧԺĬҲȥһΣ֮ǰײһʦһԼѧϰһЩ֮ſͷȻ󽻴ˣȵԼѧȥѧԺ
һö򻹱һҩֵ壬ĬҲ档
ҶǿĬﶼ⣬ϵЦôŲͷǶĬģЩĸ׵ĻҪ˵Ĭ֪Ǹúӣһȥ·գҲ֪ʲô㻹ҪСģĸײһֱߡ
ĬһůѾˣҪĸԼߵĵ
ĸףİɣĬȻԼչ˺ԼⲻǻЦЦһأ˵ŻСҲһˡ
ţͺãСߣҲԷһ㡣Ҷ΢΢˵ͷǧĸǣĬڵжı£ҶѵУһֱһӣôܲĵġ
ƺ뵽ʲôӿڴͳһƿСƿĬ
ĬΪҲûʲôԸģǵΪ뿪ʱ򣬶ʦΪĵҩǿٻָ˵ΪҲûʲôãЩ㶼ϰɣҲǿˡ
ҶѺ޲ܰԼеĶĬôһƿҩأ
СǰһĿ䵽ĬϵƿҩۼֱֿӴĬϸ˹ȥ򿪰ƿζԭΪôÿƿװĵҩһʲôöСӼֱʶҩġ
һذѵҩĬСѾͷͨҶѲΪ
أƷĵҩʻһ㶼š
С⻰ĬҲɻŨŨΣԼҵĸ߸ĶȻСĸ׵ˡĬһΣǸĿҶѣĸףҪ⣬ЦЦ
ҶôܻһֻС΢΢ҡͷС˵ûƷҩ䵤ҩƷҩѾЩһƷƷҩúܶˡĬȤĻȥҩѧõĻԼƵҩ
Ҷ˵⻰ԼҲҩǹŹֵӣɲʲô˶۵ġԺ£Ҳпҩϣٴ½ţҪҩϵ£ͷӸˡ
˼Ұѱ˸Ҳˣϻֱˣ˵Щ˶ʵҪͽܣֱҳ顣
ҩϿɲΪǻ𱩵ƢҲǵ˲ˣƫƫҩҲ¼ҩˣûܹԽΪԼʵʲôԭҪҩϰæģǱ˿ˬҲô
ҩϣĬĿһⲻǾԼʦ֣ȻͷҲѧԺʱȥҩϺܹƸӸߵȼĵҩ
ÿԳᣬĬҲԺú˽һԼʦ
Ҷѵ˵ͷҩǵĵҩʦֻͽഫ͵ĵҩʹûеƷĵҩ
˵ҩϵʱҶҲĳݡгݵ˲࣬ҩϾҪһ
ƷҩСҲǱĬĿζƷҩҲСѾͷθڰߺߣƷҩҲǳԣ̫١
СѾͷ˿ڲԼԵҩƷ׵׷ԽǸ߽׵ĵҩкһƷʣкŶࡣ


103 뿪ңѧ·2
СĿҶҲɿʼҪΪĬˣһֻǿ޻ţǾβޣȷкܴıϡмҪĵҲһǿ⣬ǸСĿһˡ
Ʒҩ㲻СθڣҪĬôȥιôһֻС갡ǹǿСôɰӣ˭ίɡ
Ĭ㻹Ҫ취ҩϵ£Ȼ¶ҪֻСˡҶһ̾⻰ҲпЦ˼ڡ
⻰СžͲǺˣôܻأ˵ܳһҪ֪һֱյС꣬ôܰ˸ˡ
أˣôأҿǱĺܺأֻҪ˸ĶЦЦСѾͷȵضĬ¶һõЦݡ
ĬҲˣüһ˵ҺһʲôʱҪԵĶˡĬǰСԼŮһ⣬ֻҪСҪԵĶֻҪĬܹҲ϶ⶫСŪ
СݺݵصͷʾĬ⻰ͬ⡣
ţ֪˶ЦЦˣÿ춼ЦЦǶЦЦǶɲǶɶĬµʱ͵ĵҩǱС굱Ƕˡ
˵ĬҲˣԼɲǻƵҩͿСӣƵĵҩƷӦò͡
ڴﻹһЩûиСеǶһ˳صݸҶѡĸףҲ֪ЩҩʲôƷףЩܲǿĵҩ˶岻ʲôŰɡ
ҶѾȫסˣĬͺǲҪǮһĴӿڴͳ˺üƿĵҩ֮ͳͳԼ
Ĭ⣬ǡ
ҶѾûа취Լ۾ˣĬĵҩô綼ʼ˵ĸоѲڵĵҩѾֵǮ̶ˣ
Ĭ϶õ˵ͷĸףЩǵҩƿӵдÿһֵҩ;Ĭ࣬ЩǺܶģĸŰɡ
Ҷȫ֪ҪʲôԼеļ𾪣㣬Ǵô൤ҩģҶ顣
⵱ȻԼĿСüһдŨŨĽģԼЩҩҪء
ĬԼĸôţҲЩ˼ˣǵ˵ͷţЩԼĵҩĸİɣЩûʲô⡣
ҶдŨŨĲ˼飬û˽Լӣò˵ĬһδһεظԼŨŨľȡ
ҡҡͷҪЩҩ½Ĭ
ΪﲻҪĬЩҩŰɣҪ뿪ңҪġĸ׵ʶΪԼĻԼ롣
ĬҡҡͷЩԼҪپж٣ĸ˵ȴǺˡĸףͲõˣЩҩԼƣ˽һЩþͺˣЩϣȻҲǸЦЦʳԵġ
⵽ǶΪһֻרųԵҩޣðɣһֱޣЦЦֻԸ߽׵ĵҩΪҲʲôġĬϾûжˣĬǻһܷԵˡ
ãΪˡ
ҶѵĻû˵꣬泳ֵԽˣ˵ʲôҲһҪҶһ档
ĬҪ뿪ңҪҵ˶˵һ֪Լ֮󣬷ϵĸҲ˼Ϳˡ
ĸףǼǳȥɡֿһŮˣôܹҶôңĶӣȴȵռλãûн¶
ĬҲ׹һжΪҶѰɣҲǰҶѵġ
Ҷ΢΢ͷô꣬˵ʵԼԲˡҶ뿪ʱҶѾѾԼĶѾҶĺӣһʱ֮䶼֪Ҫô죬ĳ֣˵ûлȥ
ã߰ɣô꣬˵ǶԲ죬Բҡ
ҶĺܣԼĸ飬ڿĬĹΪѣҶҲѡǳڶĿǷɡ
С˵Сʶסȥ·˽ȥĬҶ˵̸
ʱ򷿼ĴŴӭĬҶ˳
ҶѳС΢΢ͷˣС°ɣɡ
һϲ⻹Լô꣬һαҶѵСԺ֮ǰеŭȫʧˣǻһĨϲЦݣͷúúã͹
#####ϳŸողŻ˵ϼӸһ¹


104 뿪ңѧ·2
ԭǰķΪļ룬һӱ
뷿֮ĿûдҶѵŲǺŮˣƽʱʱҵļҲûа취ԼеĹȥ˳ҶѡȻкôҶѵоûаĸʹûб
ĬҲһӰĿռǡ
ѡ
Ŀһ˲˲ؿҶѣƺһŮ˾ͻԼǰʧһ
̫ҪͶԷ˵Ļļ˶Է֮ȴǲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźˣ촽ɬͺǱӲס˺һ˵
Ҷ΢΢΢΢ͷͺǶĺһûжٵİĸоȴҲָо
죬⼸Ϊˡ
Ҷֻôһ򵥵ĻмûжԹֻһпȴԸҶѱԹҲƵᡣ
Ϊ̬ȣŸ˵ˣҶѵУԼȴû첻ɺݺݵս˫֣ûа취ܣôȥˣûа취Ǹ
ԲЩҶԲĬԼô˵ģԸҶ˵Լ⼸ĬĺĮӣ취ȥĬ֪Ҷһֱ֪
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷʵѾܺˣҺĬҲڵǡ
һͣҶ̬ȣǽš
֪ҶѲںӲܽŮҪ뿪Լ
ѾеҶѣҸĸλãĬӵĺҲҵһжҪ֤ԼҶѵģǲܸжŮˡ
ȻףԼȢҶѣ֮õҶҵİҲҵڣҲҼλá֮Ĺϵһֱ໥ģʱҲ˵ϵ˭Ƿ˭
ű֮ǰСԭɡ
㲻ܽĬӣǵȫԲӦȢҶѣҶһڻһŮһӣȻ˳ŵӦȥúóеΡȻһϣû
Ҷ̬ȣܲѣԼͺһСһٶ飬Ҷѿһۡ˱ˣǲԼҪϷǸȴǻȻں
ҡͻȻˣԼҶһֱˣ粻ӣ߲һͬģҶҲûԼ߹
ʱ򷴶Ĭжеˣ΢΢ҡͷЩǳ֮飬Ҳôš
λҪлл㣬ѣ㣬Ҷ֪ôǹ˹пοԼʵҶѶҲȫȻûи顣
Ŀ䵽Ĭϣ쵱ȻҲ֪Ĭףò˵ĬҶ𳤵ǺĬһ㳤󣬾ͺһʵ֤ݣڸȻϽףĸҶ
Ǹ绪ˣҶҶѰһ㣬УѾ϶Էˡ
ĬЩ㡭ܺãĺܺãԶҵԺҲģ
ҲĬĳŵˣһΣҲǿˣԼʺҼλӣһΡĬԣҽĬϣֻߵøã
ǲԼĺʲôϵأ
вЦˣҶһڵģôõһӣȴ֪ϧĬҵĺӣ
Ĭ΢΢ü׷ȨƵˣҼλãҲûжġ
ҡҡͷˣʲô֪ˣīܸлôչˣҲӦýҡ
֮ǰĬлôƬ̵ĲҲĶӣΪʲôܲӣԭλãȴҪѾȫ׹ԼĶҲҪǿ
һͣôĬˡ
ԲĬôЩ꣬ҲãҪ㣬ʺλá۾ģҶѾĬĶʧ˰ɡ
صˣʱȴԼȻûĬı֣ѾôķڷҲûܹȡĵλ
ˣĬӦңվҪ뿪ǰӦжԵ̳СҶ΢΢ͷֱӰĬܾˡ
ĬҲɾЩ˼ˣô꣬ĮԼѾ˺ܶҸԼĺôʱİԼһġ
ģԶĬļңԺֻҪʲôҪĬģĬԲƴǣ


105 1
յʱܿ죬ĬҪ뿪ǰǼѧѾһңǰĬѾΪ˴еżȻ᲻ǵ뿪ȻҲףȻкܶĲᣬҲֹǵǿ
ǵѧɹ
ʮͱҪɢ
Ĭ΢΢ͷһԼͱ˻ӻ֣ˣҶȥɣֲǲˣѧɻ
ڸӵģûüĬѾԻĬҪ뿪ˡӸףĬҪߵ·ѸӲĬǰ
صһĬļ򣬡ˣĬȥأúѧǶأһĨõЦݣȻиףڱˣĬϣĵġ
ĬݺݵصͷǵȻģҿҪҪܿܿϲأĬ¶һЦݣȻһˡ
Ĭ˵ʲôأҺܿܿҡĻô˵ˣʲô鶼ĬģԼʱȷں̸ܿܿⲻǻû·Ҳ˼ֱ˵
ܿܿűҪĶ࣬ǿӵΪˣ˺ܺá
ܿܿǰһĬĿ⣬Ȼ˵Ǽǵ⻰ˣҺӵأ⻰һҲ֤ʵԼ֮Ĺϵ
ȻӵĻһԼμӣĬҲĺܿãܿܿˣʱ򻹻мçײܿܿߣҲһ
һҪˣúڣҲ
ˣĬǿɶǼס⻰ˣҲͣξѧҲԸǴһɩӻһ˭˵ĬԼĸ飬ҲȤĬˡ
Ĭǽ˽һɩӣѶϵеˣϲŮ˰
ӿɲ֪Լ⻰ǻܶڳĽĬŮ˰ңҲҪ޸Ĭġܿܿһӵĸ첲ʵҲкܶ಻Ůӣأ
ȻӣһҪԼŮˣһ԰ҵŮ˳ѡΪǻʵѡ˰
˵ˣ˵ˣֶ˳ȻͺáĬʱֻҪ뿪ˣȻҪֱҪܸԼˡ
СվԱߣǵĶԻǿƲס̣һȺɵӣԼ˵ԸûзҪĬŮ˰
źߣҾ˻ǱȽʺϸҸ˵ģСҲʾͻȻðôһ仰ǰӻ˸ŵòᡣ
Ȼһʱʱ̿ҪԼ˸СѾͷ
˺ˣʱҲˣҪˣȻȻʱ䶼ˣҲ˯ĿջˡĬæǵĶԻ磬ͺǺʲô׷һһ̵ˡ
ֱ뿪Һһ·̣С껹Ǻףһˣϲˣ໣Ҫ˰

ĬεؿһԱߵС꣬ͻȻԼһֻɫĸо
ڶ˫˫ˣһ˰ͻȻҲҸͬеĻĸоˡԺоȻһӸֳǸ˵ӰĬһ죬ݺݵذǸ˵ӰԼԺ˦ȥ
أҿأԱⶼѾüû˵ˣĬҲһ
Ŀⲻ䵽СĶӵĵطĬҲ֪СǰѵԼĶǱߣԼůŵǡ
ףѽĬŸϲӵС֮󣬾Ѿܾûˡ
СҲɾϲһ£Լǿ԰أ
Ȼʵϲˡ
أǺģĻû˵ѾˣСһǽ˯֮ˡ
СлһĨΣҪһʱˡİɣǲʲôġԽǸ߼࣬ҪӿҪʱ͸ǲܻ۸ԺĳɳҲкôġ
Ĭ˵ͷżҲûа취ţǾ͵ŵɣҪ鷳ЦЦˡ
СüһһĨNɪЦݣ˭ϴأҵȻҪˡ
㲻Ҫ㲻ҪҸǡһŮ˵ԱߵСֱĬǵע
ˣǹȥɣкϷԿأС겻ǰһֿϷ飬Բܴˡ
ţǹȥɡ
Ĭ˵ͷСֵķȥԭԼҲûжҪµ飬ȥǿԵġ
#####ڸλĴ߸ӽ쿪ʼСӸ


106 2
СƤģϵĶֵܾͷ㣡
˵һˣһڲĴž˾öġ
ԱߵĿȻһ˵ͷͷˣȻû˵ڿŮ˵еðŻһһͲʲôˡ
㲻Ҫˣֵ˿һƬͷͷҪ뿪ҲԣٰϵĶмǸ˵ͷͷ˵
һɫ·˾Ͳˣò׼һôˮ۵ŮˣⶼûмŮˣܹôŹУϴǶþûˣŮ˲
橸оԼͺǱЩ˸ѹһһЦķ죬ǺԼʧˣô衣Ů˺ݺݵ˫ȭİرڻǰƺͿԱԼˡ
ǲҪҸǣҿǻĹǵҶ֣ҵĸĸһǾ壡橿һֱǽӣҲһγţ֪Щ˵˼
ϴʲô˵ǹ·˲һЦлŨŨǹôܻԼһ˹һֵطأΪֵǺƭİ
ߣǹһأ˭춼Ҫֵϣúܰɣ·һһŻ橵ķȥʲô㣬ǲǶ˰
һۻﴫǰѻɺɺŵˡùȻ䵽ЩĵûҲһӱɵˡ
㣬ǲҪ仰֮󣬻ɺɺĲ֪˵ʲôźˣ˿һᣬͺϳԵĶҪһ³ˡ
ɺɺһƬѵҪЩ˵˲ɣ
Ҫ⼸˸ˣԸԼһܱ֮κ衣ôɺɺ۽ǻһ˿Ө飬òûüԼİ˰ҪԼ
Ĭʵ̫ˣ⸱л˾ǵĲˡ
ˣŮ˺ʲôСǿСŮ˵žͿԿˣɲһˣҪҪȥһء
Ĭһǹ˭ĬԹۣӲ˵Ů˵ʲô
ǹȥ
컯֮£ǬʲôĬƵӺ𣬵Ҳֵ˲΢΢һ㶣ҲǷ˶ԻɺɺĽתͷĬ
вɻŨŨмôһСˣҪѧӢ۾ɣ
Ȼһ˰Ȼɫ·ע⵽վĬߵС꣬ô۵СŮѲǼĶˣҪ֪СǱȻɺɺ崿СŮ
Աߵ϶ڿСʱһ˫۾ȫСסˣݺݵһڿˮоԼһ¼侹ȻôСŮˣҵˣ
һֱûпڵϴݺݵصüû˵أ
ߺߣСӣǿ̫Сˣϼ϶Ӿɫ
϶˶Χϴתģ⻰ݺݵصͷ׸ղɶҲϴвˬˡ͵԰԰ϴ˵öԣϴС˶֮ϼ꣬ԳԶչ
ǲ
ĬҲˣȫԼ˲ɣĿ˵ʲôԣӦðĵ׷ŵСϣ

Ĭһви͹ĬͷϸֳŨŨĳ֮ɫ
С㾹Ȼ˵ǷһĬŨŨĳͰĬ޸֮СǺǣСŮĸɣүǸ㣬ǿãĸȻֱɱ㣬֮ٺٺ١
Ļû˵ڣаЦ˺ܷθ
СһĨõЦݣƺʲôһһĨĹâѵ˫һûע⵽
СŮɪɪض㵽Ĭƺĺǰ׳𣬡磬ЦЦ¡ǳСģĬСǸ߳ݼ۷ˡ
СļһڰοԼһдᣬЦЦ£ﱣ㣬Ҳκ˺㡣
һ֪ͣ⻰ǶǸ۵С˵ģȻƲסһ죬 ˶ҪһŬĬķ۵׻ŨŨľޡ


107 3
ֻһѣһһ֪ǷƷ˺ɫĳһ¶գƤĳԵĸӹࡣ΢΢ͷذԱߵСŮ۵͸⣬˹һ۾Ѿȫ
ô˲䣬橾ȻԼϵһĨ⣬ͿԺ˼ɵ׽ĵһС¹һԼڵ״̬ãЩͽ橲ʶҪעԼ
ŨŨĲһˣ˿϶ϲˡ
۵һĨżȻѾԼڵŮ˵ľɡĬע⵽ֻᵣԼڵӻڶԷһõӡ˵ôᡣ
ҲҺⷬ˼ҲͻɺɺԼһ֪֪ǲҪӻɣŮǲǻǻˡҪ֪λҵССǱų󣬴ûʲôԼòĶ˵ԵӣͲ󣬻橶һʶҪ׽ֺߵӡ
һĻڻ橿òУ䵽˵Уȫˡ
ǺǣСӾȻǣֵܵȻסģֱ˳˵һɼܵģҲôҶĿһ¡
СĿ˸һ£ǹһĨаȵĻȣŨŨĲм˻ҪԸǣֱ
ĿתĬһŵģһ㶼֮ǰĵӣͺȫһһлһĨ˵Ŀ⡣
ߣô󻹸뱾Ūǣ
ĬҲôģ϶ĵ˵ͷ˵ĲôҪǲˡ
ĬС˵ĶԻֱҪ˸Ϊֹ㿴ĬС˶ʲô۸ˣǱղŵѪӿ̼ˣû뵽ʲôõġ
ߣôһС㣬Ҫһɣ಻ţһСָ԰
˵ֱӳϴǶţȽеģ֮ǺСŮֵ
ʵĬССģһ㶼ֺĽɫƺһƾͿ԰ѶԷȷɵӡǸߴһˣ˵˻еɵ
ɺɺĿĬ֮ͽϣҲûа취ŲˡڿǸ·ӳŶȥ֮ǰǱ˸ֱڵأ֮ûʲô֮һе㲻ҿĬԷ򵹣ȴеССϣᱻ򵹵ģ
ûˣҶûпĬôֵģر˻ſĬ߷ɣֻһءƺߣһӰ߷ɹ
ǣ
ϴһѾ޷֮˿ɲǵȻԷһжֱӳˤ˹ܹ֮ΪмͷͷȻҲԼ۹⣬˲ӦǵˣҪСӣǸݽɫ
û°ɣֵռһƬɽͷҲкܶˣ˵ĸ鵱ȻǺܺõģȻһ˸򵹣϶ôȥˡ
лһĨʹޣһ㷴ӦûУѾԹȥĿڵŭӿҲ߶ʮһֱӳĬ߳ȥߣСӿŲ㣡
϶ȻϴѾˣԷѾϲòĬ߳ȥвĬж
ԸˣĬȻǰ㶼óҪ֣ĨɫСӰȴǿһ
ˣң
С궼ô˵ˣȻǿߣղĻСɶǼУѾ˳ˣȻҲֵˡ
ֱ϶ףԼȻôˣٸһᣬ֤Լһȥɱ
ѪҺӿͺȪһɫҺ˵ĲӵĴӿůɫ¾ȻűССٶȼ죬צצ˵Ĳӣһ˺ѩ׵·һѪնûУɾľһʹһ·ղʲôûзһ
תĬߣСŮһĨõЦݣˣһˣúòãСѾͷһģŷɰ
ڼСŮ˸ղɱ˵ģڶԱڵĹɿˣֻһֲĸоڿɰʲôһ㶼оˡ
ĬСʱһ㶼ԼĿ佱˵ͷ΢΢ţĲЦЦٶƺЩ˰ɡ
СݺݵصͷиֳŨŨĽ΢µСǵȻҪɳֱ㷢ˡ
Ĭˬʵû橸Ӿˡ


108 һͬϾ1
һһŮȻԼΪʲô׵ĵطڱ˵Уֱͱ˶ħɱ˲գ۵Ķħ
ҹҲʣµǸϴ˫ֶƲסˣ϶ȻˣڻԲѣͲħܹ֡һ֪ɱ˶ˣ鷸˿ǶħĴڣͿĬζ˶𺳡
ϴһ˾Ȼվ϶Ϊ˾СŮˣŮ˻з̵Ļᡣ
лһĨ͵ĹâһץֱӰѻûзӦĻ橸ԼУצǱڻ橵ĺ棬ĬСߡ
ҪǹҾɱ
ʱҲǽŲѣ˵ʵԼܿ϶ǲŮ˵ѣǸͲŮˣôΪֱ
ĬС˶һۣһȻ֮Ĭתͷˣò˵мһҲʾͻ顣
һĿĬƵ⣬һʱ֮аٸн˻᲻־أζƽôˣɺɺҲûа취лǻƲסһĨŨŨϣ
Ҫ˵ʲôԱߵ˸סһ򵥵ڶûа취ʹ޲ѡ
ĬŮ˸ղſԼ˵ʲôʼҵĹ鷳ҲԼ̫鷳ܹٽͲҪˡ
ſǸҾͷһ·
˿⼸мһĬԸΪŮ˶ɿڣȻ֪ϷڻɺɺΨһĵƣ˶ԷʲôвĬġ
ĬľѾе飬нţŻ橸첲־͸Լûз֡
ĬĿһܿŻ橾ô˸ԼǰԽÿɫǵĶԷһľͰˮСŮ˸Ūˡ
һģұɱ㣬ҪʲôҿԾ㡣һϵŮ˾Ҫˡ
ĬĿŻ橵Ĭ֮£΢һ橵ŮɫתáһĬҲ΢һ
Ż橵ţȷһȵӣһ˼ҿԴĽ˿߱֯ɣҲǲһŮ˾㲻ǻʼӵܣҲӦóֻ֮¡
ʵȴ
橿ɲ֪ôһʱ䣬ĬжѾֱӰԼ㵱ëųˡȻǳŸղĬôҪһ֣ԼʹϢ͹һ㹻ûŨŨĺøС
ԵĻȻõˡ
˫ɺɺţ侹Ȼ޹صˣ
ֻҪܹƽԼһҪ뾡һа취һ橿еˣһһصĴӢۣͺڲԶ˶ŵĬһ
Ĭɲ뵽Լ־һŮˣǸԼھǵͷ׷ߣ滹ȫѲ˵Ĵ鷳ܹһ֪ᷢ˵ĬͲѡʱˡ
һͺ˶ϣڸղĬֲıһ㶼ܷȫĬô죬ҲѲˡ
ĿȻҲѾ뵽һĽ취
ˣ֮һǶ˴˵ĵطһŮˡƺҲֻˣȻԲܷİŮ˸ˣûһвĬˣ˵ʲôġ
ĬȻ£˾ԲٶԻ橶֣ô뿪Ҳһ顣
΢΢üģƺ˼ԼӦôźá
˭Ҳûע⵽ԭվĬߵСѾˣĬڵʱ
СĬͨͲҪ˴˶˵ʲôѾ֪ԷЩʲôˣҲһ
Ĭվԭ˵ע⣬СǱǸ˵Աߣ֮ȡһʤǿٵذѻ橸
˰еעĬϣ֮С;һ޴Ĵ˲һܾͣʲôԣ΢΢ż򣬽ŵؿĬڱʲôֳܱ
ٸʮӵʱ䣬㻹ǲܾôҾȡŮ˵ұһ֮ͽߵʱܴһô绨С˶Ҳ
Ȼô˵ģĬкĲͲ˵⻰ˡ#####Ȼ¡һ´


109 һͬϾ2
Ĭж˵ĻΪȻҲ̼ˣҪС㹻ʱ䡣Ŀ㲻Ҫ嶯ҴӦǣ˺󡣡˵Ĭһһȥ
úһֱܵĸоһΣԼ⵽ʲôΣգһԼȻ벻
Ǹ·СѾͷ
Ŀһ뵽ԼǺʲô
ȻѾûʱȥԼǵˣԼڣȵѪ˳ԼĲͺôֹסһȾϵ·Żɺɺ·ҲմȾѪۡ
С֣ʹûʧֵʱСŮ΢΢źлĲ˼飬һ仰˵ڣ建صڵϡ
һֻɫҪ͹װҲԷ˭
СҪжжˣƫƫȴ᲻
Ĭ͸ˣС˵ͷɵĲ˵ŻسС߹СҲãǽǰ۵ļһ˫һ֮ǳĬķȥƺԱѾɵĻˡ
ĿʱĶеƲסԼĽĬߵСŮԱԷڻǵĬҲ
ǻʼҵĹȻıһ˸ŵֻմȾǸ˵Ѫúǲвһ˿գԼһѿҪĬе㲻ңԷԼôǱӣϲԼ
СŮ΢΢˫磬ƺûдӸղŵķΧнѿ
ĬС֮ĿȻ䵽˻橵ϣĿ΢΢ǲһĥƯĻȡʲôСҲǰŵ˰ɡ
ߵ橵ߣƺǵԼ̫ŵԷһλѾˣ㲻õˡ
ĬԼ뵽ԭԼôһ档
һ죬Ĭ˫һӾͱԷסһҪ˵ʲôһֲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźˡɴСԴΪĬһǿƲסԴĬĲһֻС¹һҴܣͿƲס
ҡ
ĬҲûĵط룬ΪǱŵˣûԷǱԼסˡŻ΢΢ͷ㲻õģһжȥˡҺЦЦǻˡ
˵С꣬СҲӺڳСԴŻ¶һõЦݣƯĽ㣬㲻Ŷ˶ѾˡֱһС椣⻵Ǳô򵥣ǱŪˡ
⻰Ȼǲ˵ģǶĬС꣬жĸм
ȻǹеǻеģȻƽʱãԼϲ˵ʱȻҪסԼŵӡĬһҾһڶ𣬡ǻ橣лλľ֮橶ӿȪ౨
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷԼɲҪ˵ıٿŻӣҲûʲôԴϵõ˰ɡ
ˣǾ㲻Ǿ֮ͣ첻˭ĳġ
Ĭ⻰һɲ뵽⻰ûɺɺԽ϶˾ǾĺˣӢۣԼǱӢȵˣӲܾôˡ
΢΢һпƲס¶ĬĿúͳ֮飬֪˭橸ôƺλʵиҪ֪ĴŻĬС֮䵽ʲôϵǾ֮ҪôӦأ
ĬС˵ҲûвµеС˼ôҲ뵽ô̶̵һʱ䣬橾ȻѾĬ˰ɡ
ĬԭûҪȥԼݣ΢΢˵ͷĬЦЦö˽ţ橹ﲻض񡣡
Сһ˵Ҳǲ
԰Һ͸ϾλƯĽҪȥ˿һ̣֮ȥǵġСɲôĵˣȻô˵˿϶ԼĵĬȻҲᷴ
ĬžΪ˵õԼȥҲû־ᡣ϶Ҫȥǵԯˡ
橵ĿⲻתĬлһĨɣҪȥǣ˯ոմӾѵҪȥˡԼҲ֪ҪȥӲ˵Ĭǰȥˡ
ҳ黹ǲҪ˵ˣĬԼʲôŮ
ĿתתȻ Ѿ˾
ʵҲ׼ؾҼҾھǣһ·ɡһдƵĹâ
#####и¹


110 һͬϾ3
ĬĿȻҲ׼ȥǵĻǶ˵͸ӷ˺ܶ࣬ٲߺܶ·ˣ΢΢ͷĻٺòˣһϾһ·Ҳи顣
һ죬͵͵ؿһĬֻС¹ʵǲǿôΪʵĬҲҪֿģԲŻôһأ
ȻһŮԼ˵ʱһľȫˡȻԼ֮ǰǸ֮еһжΪԷǱĬĸı䡣
ţȵǵ˾ǣһҪúллǣȥԺѾ˺ܶõĻ棬һҪסĵطѾˡ
Ȼ˵꣬Ϥ𡣡΢ݼ橡
ѺĻ˵꣬ɺɺһæĻˣûʲô飬治ô񡣡֮ǰס˶Է
ڲĬ֪ԼݣСŮе㲻һ뷨Ĭ֪Լǹݣ᲻ᷴԼ־룬ֻ˵ΪԼݶԼأȻĿԷǳСȴҲųܡ
橲֪ĬСʱѾؼˣڿȺĳ֣͸ܹ϶ʵˡ
Ŀ΢΢ĬɿЩԾ橵ƻڻʼҲܳİɡȻһҲôԱ߱ţʼĵطûʵϧȻͬˡ
橹ЩɣȻѾˣҺͼþͲˡĬǹ˹˵ʵвǺЩʼҵ˽͵һ
Ժвɵþ֮ǰҫӣҲ֪ڱɫ֮ʲôЧǲôùЩ֪Լģ²ŹԼɡ
һҪĬһžؾģԼһԼؾʲô塣
ɺݺݵصһ粻ʱʲôⲻԼĺ
Ĭ磬ǺһϾɣ˶Ҳѽһ;Ҳи飬ôࡣɺɺĬ᲻ͬ⣬¶һı飬ͺǻ۸ԼһĬ磬ЦЦöҵľˣ橴СûʲôѣǲҲˡ
СŮƵĿĬƺٶ˵һܾĻоӨͻĵһ
橶Ѿô˵ˣĬȻҲƴʲôֻ΢΢ͷ;˵ܴӻ橵һЩھǵϢԼҲкôġǺðɣôˡ
˵Ĭ΢΢ͷȭһҾλ̨֪γƺĬЦЦ
Ȼǰ˾Щͷ죬ĬȻȻҲкͶԷк
Ĭ峺⣬˹͵ˡղŻ橵ټнСǱģѾ㹻µǰˣþǾ˻橵ˡ
һжĬǾ͸˼ֺøУһĨЦݣ֮ҪɶλϣʮָлղǾǼС㡣
ȻžͲҪҴԼݣǸˣΪЦѹӵһֱǵˮ©Ҳκδ
Ĭֱ֣΢΢üܾЩϤһô벻Է˭Ҳֻܷˡ
Ǹ𱣻橵ģ˭ûǻ谮СŮλ橶ӻʹ˳ϻǷĲ»橵İΣһλС
Ȼ橿˾һСŮˣ֪ں汣ֱ͵͵ϴûעˣЩżġ
ûгʲô鵹Ҳãˣʲôة֮ҲӻϵⲻǶǻ𼱻ǵһ橣ͻһèĹȫ˿ģֻһ㣬Ҫʲôźá
ȷûʲô飬ҲĲ٣ǽʶĬãڿ˳ؾˡ
СĿһۻ橣֮һ΢΢ҡͷЩܹҪȥǵġ֮ԾȥλСɲڵһǺҲ˲鷳
ΪҪ飬ĸͲҪȥǵˡ
Сɲ֪ԼĬȴǸԼ˲鷳
#####ԸȻ¡


111 ȺҹϮ1
ɽҹϰϰ˵ĳҰΨһȡůİ취ˡһȺΧյҲԵñǢ
ҲĬҳԵĵһȻСǺͻһȫͲõĻʳ⣬һСߣʲô鶼ѾԱѾ˰źˣȫҪԼ֡
Աߵ׼öϵʺտȷôҷɲ
Ĭ磬ҪԼζ˵Ż橱ǰѸոտõɽζļȸתͷĬлƵĹâ
һ·Ѿֹ֪ٴˣֻҪʲôöеһʱ뵽Ĭ޲ðʲôöĬ쳣ľٶЩɵɴ˫ۣ⻹֪ǸС𣡾ͺȫһһֱš
һǳˣзı仯ֻĬǰŻᷢжˣڻ橵С˼ȻҲѾµһղǻȥ˵Զһˡ
ĬһĻ橻еܲˣҡͷǻһĨЦݣڻɺɺò΢ЦͱʾԷʵԼǺϲˡ
ˣԼ԰ɣҺЦЦҪʲôǻԼŪáô˼òײſҰɽλСԵģĬɲ˼ֱӳˡ
ĬľܾһͣĿһĬֿ֮ԼȣȶȶֵĬϲǻҪʲô
橴СڻʹﳤʲôóԵĺûгԹǳҲίԼЩҰԵõҰζڻ橵Уǰ㶼ۣȻĬϲȻҪҲûʲôˡ
ĬҪʲôȥŪ˵žҪļȶȥֻȻ֪ϧʳģһͿ֪ƽʱϰˡ
Ĭֱ΢΢üܵߵǲôõʲôҪѹġ
Ĭ˵Сۼֿ죬ϲԼ겻ԭСѾγˣֹϲԼ뷨һ㶼ûб䣬橾ȻҪѼȸӵԲ̣
ɫСӰһתڴǰֻһӰȵٻʱСѾĬߣϻ˸ղŵǸȣ
ⲻǸղű橸ӵļȣЩһҲǻʹĸ֣Բűѡ˳λСǾȻһûпղСŮӰ֪ٶȵжˡ
֮ǰжĬֵܾ橹鲢ûжϣֻⲻãѵĹƾһ㱾´˼ѻ橸Сôһ֣һ㶼СĬˣвг֮顣
ЩɶСҪǵˡ
ÿϵļȣ³ͷɾϸƯָһĨõЦݣȻԼղŵΰҵ⡣
תͷĬСԴ֮橣ĿŮ˻еôĲǡţԺ㲻ҪʳΪǲԵģҪ֪㲻ϲԣǲʾ˲ϲأСǶڻ橶˵ͰѼȸ˵ΪǺأ
ǽ˽СĬΪ۰ãҲԼãȻҲö˵ʲôˡ˵ͷֺòĬⲻǻСŮȻѾµ˶
ţЦЦ˵öԣԭЦЦϲԼȣЩɡ
ĬһС꣬İЩˣЩæ˰ȴʲôûгԵڵҪ˰ɡ
ˣЦЦСԲ˶٣ǳʱдáĬľò˼ˡ
ղĵЩ鲻ãһˡһǿΪ磬͸ղСڴ¶һ֣ѾֱЩԭĸΪķڷˡ
橻Ҫ˵ʲôվ˳λСٶ˵ʲôĬ÷鲻ãʱ͸ӵòʧˡ
С㣬ҲһûгʲôˣʲôҪԵģҸȥŪɡ
ò˵ҲǺܿλԵСϿһ㶼顣ɺɺǻϽΣҪѻ橸ƽؾǣֻҪһͺãԻ橵̬ȲãҲ˵ʲô
ة֮ӣ̫ӵҪıܵϵϲҪѹ˼Ϊ˺ƣٰܵյϲʹЩ濴ͲҪʲôֺûˡ
#####ϸС


112 ȺҹϮ2
ҹɫŨأ˰ģҲѡһط˯ҲͲÿԼԴסжõģΪԵΪѡһѵĵطͿ˯ˡ
ǻ׷СŮҲɰһ쾭˱вܣ֮Ĭһˣô鷢֮ԼһҲ۵òˣȫûжȥ׷һЩĶܿҲ˯С
ҹһǼҲҹһϰҹһ°ҹֵҹҲ̫ۣʱϢ
ҹɫԽԽϰϰ紵߷žžľͷȼյ
Ҳ֪Ǵ﷢һԶڵĺҹУܲһֲֿĸоܾúʲôҪһ
ҹ˾еʱ򣬴ҶѾƣ״̬עȻҲи˲١
ҹûоʲôشһǷĿ⿴źĿҲʼЩˡ
ܷʲô鰡ۣȵص֮һҪú˯һ⼸Ҫˡ̾һԭѾ׼Ϣһ£֮ͼ￴õŮ˳ˣȴƫƫһӱѡ¡
ôһǼĻҲֻˣȻǻʼҵĹȽҪˡ
ҹ˾֮ʱҲɰвɿʼ˼еδޣ֪еλŮҲĹټŮӣŶԷò绨ѵõĺӡʢȻҲԼܹ׮£֮ԻؼԲˡ
ǲɹһĨЦݣһϵж
໡ӲԶƳԼУûע⵽仯
ע⵽ĻСˣԼ壬ȻӾһЩ
СŮˢһ˫ۣһ˫ֳƵĹâؿһܣлһ˿˼ʱ򣬾ȻɽϳĪǳʲô鲻ɡ
Сһܾýϲô׾͹ȥģˡ
СҪĬʱĬҲһ˫ۣҰһֱһݾ֮ģټԼһ˯ǳȻʱѾ˹
ĬɺݺݵüģȻڵҲòǺܺãС˽һ΢΢ͷҲˡ
СصصͷҲŴδеأĴ򲻹ֻŭȺ鷳顣Ҫ֪ȺӶⲻһֻ⣬滹кܶѲĶǡȺӵżΪϸĵǼƶȣһȺǵжֻĬСҲܿ϶
Ĭ϶ĿС꣬õСĿ϶Խһ
ĿһܵЩˣǶǱѡĸ֣Щ˶ϿֲȺûʲô˰ɡ
ͨԼĺ԰ѷԲ֮ڵȺȫ䰢ȺӣЩȺĿĻǵĻǾĬСҲƽ
ˣô죡ѵõСҲŨŨľ裬ȻⲻʲôС¡
Ĭս˫ȭһʱ֮Ҳ֪ҪǺãһۻ˯еˣлһ˿̾Ϣʱʲô֪Ҳһ˰ɣʲôõģȻľͺá
Ҳ˫ֲۣһĨõԤСĵһ׼ǿ׼ȷĵпǰӹ˲ٵΣĵֲõĸоӵǿҡ
ĿĬĿ⣬ȻҲǷˡ
֣Ҳע⵽ˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷڻһµˣ˶Ȼϣţε²ǺֹۣȺ
˵Ҳһγ⣬ƽʱʱǴʲôģʵҲûжΣϵڵȫһȻҲע⵽ȴû뵽Ⱥ
Ĭ⻰һ䣬вһֻһֻȫҲûлʤĻᣬȺǾ̫ˡ
˽üģε⵽˼ˡ
˵ͷҲֻѡȥԣҲûĿԡţο»Ҫλˡ
֪ö˵ʵǿǼûпܴȺ֮»вɰĬϡ
ĿͻȻԼ⻰ʵҲûжݣĬȫԼʵ뿪ȺԿǵѡҲûʲô
Բ𣬡Ŀ˵֪ҪҲϣλæԸȺС㲻ܳ£λߵʱС㣬ԸΪǶϺ󣡡
Ĭһᶨ⣬˲ڿЦѾԼȡĻᡣ
ȻǴˣ
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113 ȺҹϮ3
С겻ɿһвԾֳɻҪ֪һֱǱΪ˽˵ȻѾ˽ĽˣòСĿ࿴
㵹ǲѵ𣡡Сһ˲˲ضҪ˵׻λش
ȴǲЦˣƵģ˶ɻǲĲˡ
˹һ̩ɽںë΢΢ȻķǵȷѡҲʲôҪǱСҵıְҲǳɾҵıְɡڴ˻ҪλĶˣС֮ǰʶ֮ǰǶλλǾ˾ȵףСͻؾǰɡ
ĬĿشףԷûа˵ѵĺۼȴǲɶһ˿϶
㵹һسŵĴˣĬһļʲô˵˵һ֮˵ôһ֮Ĭ˼뿪ˡ˭Ҳߣ
ĬĻȻҲǰԼֵ÷ǳȷˣȺʲôҪ澳еõɳȺȻγҪսĵһ֣
ǣ
ɺݺݵصɴ˫ۣȻǳţѾ֪ҪԵĿȺĬȻѡⲻɵȱΪ
ĬʲôСȻǼᶨվĬߣ˼Ŀ⣬Слһ˿мĹâôϻġ
ߣȻ˵ҪȻµɣٷϻСŮдƵĹâеɾãƺЩȺСŮҲ첻ɶв
뷨һŰˣܿǱˣôأվǰĲһǿðˣʵôǿҲһȺȺ°Ȼ
ô˲䣬ĬСҲ뵽ԼѾв֪Ķˡ
֪ԼȰ˵ĬǣȻҲҪĬСȺע⣬ȴǴŻ뿪ġǶԷӦ󣬾Լ鷢
Ȼʱ䣬ߴȺҲԽԽеȺǼеһ뻮һĳ߽һ
ĬСһۣԶڶԷпŨŨľ裬Ӧó֡
ȺȺӶģļҲԲʲôʹЩȺòһ˵ǲˣһǺ֮Ķ˻ǶֺܴˣȻһ顣
ȴǷˡ
ˣҪȥɣСȻ˫Ϲϴſ϶
ĬôܷСһȥȺ˵ʲôСġ޳ɵҡҡͷǾ䡣
Ĭһµףһ˿âʵڲеĻôҲֻܱ¶ԼɫˡⲢĬҪģϾɫһЩ˶ǿˣʱֻ漰ӵ飬»Լٵ鷳
ĬΪĵ飬תתʵڲеȻҲֻ취˦Щˡ
С˵ͷȻҲѾĬе뷨һ
ȻЩ۵ˣ
Ĭ΢΢һͷʾͬ⡣
ȫ̶ĬԱߣȻҲע⵽ղСŮȻǽˣȻ֮ĹϵԲô򵥡ûԼĸ˵ĵⲻѾ뵽һЩõĻ档
ͭɫƤҲɻһ˿ΣȻԼ뵽ЩʾߣǿƲסؿһĬСˣкݺݵҡͷ
һ£ôôƺԷأ
˾ȻôСһŮӣöԷȫĳһѾѡһǹĸԣΪǲ⡣
ʶԱߵķһϿƲס¶һĨͬ
ΪȻĬɺݺݵس˳ǣСǱĽ˰
ҪʲôǷˣǲƼˮ꣬ȵ֮ͻԷֿԺӦҲʲôĵطͲҪһЩ޹ؽҪ˽Ͷٶ
ǽдҶɣò˶ȺҲõˡĬκдŨŨĿ϶ƺѾȺǰһ㡣
ã
Ȼܿ϶ĬͯŮΪʵʮֿᣬҲ룬ǰĬָʾѻ˯е˶ǽ
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114 ս1
ôˣʲôΣԼĬɹһˣеȢԼΪޣҪ̫ڿûأͱŪˣȻá
СŮ˺ݺݵص˵㲻ҽһŹ
ҲԼùһҲ򲻵ã˵Ҳ˵ãҪŵСбҲֻš
ȺҹϮ
ĬһҪԵҲǻ鷳
⻰Ĭ˵ȻЧȫһˡ
һѹɵӣȻܹȺҹϮǶôص飬ȻԼˣ
ȺҹϮôᣡҪô죡ɫһ䣬˶򲻹Ӳ˵Ⱥˣֱ̫ˡ
ڻ橵УԼµЩûжãܹԼȫ˻ĬʶţֻҪĬԼߣʲô鶼õġ
СŮֱӱסĬĸ첲кڲضĬ֮飬ģ䵽ҵУȻѾоˡǵС˱ȽϾȰɡ
ΪĵĻȺ⡣
һŨŨĽţףĿȴǲ䵽ϣЩĺ
ôţٺõͷԣЩȺҲûʲô취ѽ
ڲ˵Щʱ򣬲ûа취ҲһҪһԲҪ֤橵İȫЩҪǱ橵İȫԼҲϧ
һĿһҲʶһĬ֣ȷҪ
ֱǲĬСǿֱ뿪ģȴԸȺս
ĬһԣҺЦЦ˻Ҫһ뿪ɣǾͺáĬﻰֻˣźò¶Լ»ܶԸЩȺ
⻰䵽Щ˵ĶȫôһˣȫܽĻش
һȻԼղô˲ҲĬЦЦ橾;ʱѿ˽뷨ҲһˣĻǾ˵ڵġ
Ĭȴ˵⻰䵽УͺڳԼ˽һʵǲ˼˵ˡ
Ĭ⻰һ橾ǵһͬģ˭⣬ĬУ
ôУôܰЦЦõ£ǻ𣡡
橲ɺݺݵҡͷ⻰һҲлһ˿ȻǸղžȻҪͬĬ⻰
ĬúҲһͬаˣôܹΪǵİοɥ
ԣһĻ飬ôܶǸĿһҲֱ˵˷ԵĻҪһߣ
ΪҲⱻѡ橵İȫлδڵԼؼңȻҪĿһһҪ֤СİȫСߣﷴǻҪ
Ŀһݣݺݵصһۻƣ޲˦Էһƣ˭Ҫǵıˣ
⵱Ĭ˵⻰ⲻҪе˶Ϊһ˵İοɥԣҲԸʹҲսǶ뿪
Ĭ磬Ҫһ𣬲ôҶһ뿪ģǻ橵ĹǻʼҵĹⲢʾǾҪΪԼİȫԼ
ַʽİȫ橺뱲Ӷеġ
ĬҲǼΪӵģŲΪЩ˵İΣѡȡԼֻ谭Լ˲ġ
⻰ֱֲ˵ڣвƵ顣
Ĭؿһۻ橣ǵ˵ͷȻǿܾûôʱˣԼҲҪӦ䡣
һһ˫ˮͺǻ˵һصصͷǷģһᱣԼǷģ
Ĭʲô˵ҲֻܵȺˡ
Ȼһյʱ䣬һƬѹѹһּٶڿǡ
Ⱥ
ҶǳôһμôȺǱʲôƿһʹǼ߳
ɺɺɵһȻ֮ǰѾ֪ЩȺöԸԶԶۿЩȺԼ𺳣ֲ̫ˡ
ĬҲĿһ⾹ȻԼԤĻҪһȺǻǲеȺǱеһǣֱеΥ˳
˵ȻȺȺӶһȺҲˣһжˡ
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115 ս2
Ĭע⵽飬ȻСҲз֣СŮһСȻҲϾˣЩȺǺܶԾʶĬĬҪעһ㡣
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾԼѾע⵽ˣСʹһɫ취ȴŪЩȺ˵ԭ򣬲ôС޵ѪѹﶼܹһȻЩȺҲƬ̵ĳɣƺڷǵʵ
С΢΢ͷлһ˿裬ȻǰҲѾԼ뷨ֻŪЩȺԭܸõȥӦԣ˵ЩȺ뿪أ
ÿ£ôôǣһԼĺһ㣬һȻе㷴ӦǶԸһֻǾѾ鷳ˣοǰȻʮֻǣÿһֻǵж˸̹⣬УЩ˲Լˡ
ҲŨŨ𺳣оԼЩ˹ǶЩǣȫûκʤ㣬ҪԼˡ
Ŀⲻ䵽Ĭϣ˳費Ŀ⵹ҲѾѲﻹʲôӦԵİ취ɡ
֣ôǣҪôźãһҲѾʶѰĬָʾˣи뷨ȻĬа취ǰ
ȴҪ˵ĵлǺġ
ս
ĬκԱһ֡ս˺ȺȺһսҲûѵĻᡣսֻЩǿʳս˵ܵõһ˿Ļᣡ
ҲǲһӱĬжˣһս˫ȭˢһ´һóԼı˻עⲻ侹ȻһѼϸ
ĬĿһһѺýѱԼ䲻ıʱҲò˳ΪԼҵһ˿Ļᡣ
΢΢һ˵ֵǣǽһսѾѣֻƴһ˵ܻһ͵ΪԼƴһѣ
ãƴս
ãƴս
ãƴս
һͬĴ󺰣ҲǺܺõ¶ЩеӰһĻһȴҲÿֳִҷ緶ΪԼһ˽öԱʲôҪ󣬷ǶԼϸҪ
ĬҲǲɿʼƺֻ˲ܹõ˵ĳݣߵĸԶ
ҲŨŨļȵĸԼУҲҪһֱֳȺȺսҲһǿĹ
ɵãҪǿ˼ڻӿ
ûз֣ЩȺھʲôȻǻΪʲô߹Ҳ֪˭ȿ˵еʣһѾ׼ƴһս͵ЩȺȴһɲ˸еż
˵ҪʲôĻĬΨһܹ뵽ҲֻС꣬һתͷС꾹ȻѾԱˡ
һеעȺ棬Ҳûע⵽һĨɫӰ
˵ң
СĴĬʶȻСҲѾɵ㣬ɵķȥ
С궼ѾߣȻЩȺȻû⵹ĬҲɾˣԭΪЩȺΪ޵ѹŲҿС궼ѾˣлŨŨĽ䱸
ЩǵʲôҪʹ򣬴Ҳ˯ˣҲ֪˭һȻʱҪ˯ĵҲͦġĬˡ
ĿЩȺԣϣȵ׼ˣûǶֵĻˣȻһϣо飬ȻûмȺϮˣҲ
ãϣĬҲ⻰˵ܲһֱš
С黹Ҫһʱ䣬Ҳڻ᰾ȥ
Ĭ˵Ŀ϶һĲ˾񣬾ΪԼܶʲôעĵطֱһǴ˼ѪһȺȥ֪˻ΪԷʲôƯŮӣȺ׳Ƿһǰ壬˭뵽ںȺս
ѪζڿУֱڲϵش̼˵ıһŨصѪζе˴ָоȷʵ˲
ĬҲ֪⵽ԼѪϵѪ
ԱߵһɱۣǱǸҧҲ֣ŽֻҪܹһҲ׬ˡ
Ŵжףο׶༪ˣЩһҲʮˣ⻹ǼĬȻȺȴǵûκοɱԣӲ˵ȺսһֱҪҪǿܶࡣ
ȫڷҪô˵һֻһֻǣҲ̫ˡ㲻ҺùҾƴҲҪһڡ


116 ս3
һĬôе㿴ˣ˶עȺĹԹ˲Ͼ£ȻҲûʲôĬԼȻˣЩǺʶһһȥȺЩǶܿһ
ĬɺݺݵüģʾԼĺɻ⵽ʲôѲЩǶѾǳɾ𣬻֪Ӳ
лǲаһ£ĬϳֽԱߵһͷǴ̹ȥȻҲĬĶһԾܿĬĹĬ¶һǿԳԼ߹Ȼ֮ǰ²ĺǷʶ˺˼Ӳ˵ǹĬˡ
ĬԽˣЩԼǴûм㻳ЩԼˡ
ע⵽Ĭ˻Ҫ˵Ϊǿģע⵽Ⱥ쳣΢΢˳ǣʱ¶ĸֽźǱĬڵģǽĽʺް
ЩȺȻܿĬĿǲĬϴʲô㶫ЩȺηģǲŻܿĬ
û㿪ǰֻǵĹһ㿪˺ǵĹһڵĬߡȻǿĬֻ֮Ƕ˺ҧԽܹ϶ĬϿ϶ʲôȺģԾŹˡ
֣ϿǴʲôȺηĶóҲһӣ˿ЩȺ
ĿڵҲ׹ΪθղĬ˵ԼԸȺĻԭ˵ϴſԿȺĶԲ޿֡Ĭˡ
뵽飬ĬȻҲѾµˡ
һԼЯĶʾԼûдʲôرҪĶֵʲôЩȺеηأ
Ĭɺݺݵشٽüģ˼Ƭ̣һ벻ԼʲôǻЩɱԵȺоηġĬǺúһᣬûҵеĹؼ㡣
γŴĶͲ࣬˸֮ûʲôˣѵԼ׼·ϳԵţȺǵ죿
ðɣڿЦأ
ҪǶеԱߣЩǻ᲻ǰɡĬҲˣƺҲһ취ˣĻղǾͲӦóȥЩҲˣȻҲͲˡ
Ѿûʱȥ˼Ե⣬ҶеߣҪս
⻰жɸֳŨŨɻ󣬲Ҳ˵ʲô˵ĻǶѾϰʶȥء
һԼٶȳĬܹĬ΢΢˳ǣԼô˲ĵĸоԼЩȺмɵԲǰһʤ߼Ҳһ¡
ٳǶеλʲôЩȺǵĿǸӼˣǰǸһѷˣƲɺݺݵüжָʾǳ⣬ʶĽ顣
ͣϾҲԼĬеĲˣҲֱӸһ϶Ļش
Ŀǿһº֪ˡ
Ĭڴʲôգжźܴɻ󣬲ʶѡţžƾǵΪ˾Ͳʲôϴ
Ȼе˶ɺݺݵؾˣ
⵽ô£
Щ˴඼˲ٵˣڶһ𣬵ԲЩȺ˼ɵԭ򣬿ЩľվڲԶһضǣȫûҪ˹˼
һҲɺݺݵһôǿһˣҲԸһһµʱ䡣
ʵҲǺڴҳʱ䶼úϢһ£ЩȺҲ֪ʲôʱ˿ǳ߹вûȫ£ֻϣܹȹһٲźá
ȻԱ˻ţһҲһˣдŨŨľ֣ǱŵˡСͻʹгʲôΣգǱŵòˡ
ǰһסĬĸ첲Ҳ˿˼ʲôŮһĬ磬Ĭ磬££ЩǺÿ¡
ýСɫȷ˺ܾˡ˵ˣЩȺ˴
Ĭ橵ô˱סˣҲ˼ƿԷĿһԴεĻ橵ļ򣬡СţǶЩȺ˺ġ
ܵĬİοɣСؿĬлųɣƽ°£
ʱĬ˵ʲôֻܸϣС
ԣǻƽµģҪ¡ĬĿмС뿪ʱ䣬ò˶СҲӦҪˡ
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117 ٿ֮ˣ1
ʱܹôΨĻ棬ȷͦжĵģжܲƽصǣһԵ˵ˣ˭Ҳȷᷢʲô顣ܹƽĻôһҪ֮ǰûͳͳȥˣܲأ
ĿܹƽصǣʹҲ׼С޵ˡĬϲһͷת˲ţ΢΢ҡͷЩԼҪǵġ
ЩǿûҪǵ˼ҲȷʲôʱͻȻйˡĿҲһ飬ǻҪҵһ취źá
Ĭ΢΢ͷȻ⻰˵ʮ⡣Դпɲһ飬Ҫȷ˲źá
һʱҲ侲ΪΪ谮СŮȻҲԼĹ֮ȫǽԣȻ֮ǰٶֳ谮Ҳбʱ
橿ϲĬȻ侲֮һʱҪĬûˣǿϰǲ˼ȷĬȫ¶ûܵһˡ
ŵ飬ĬǿһԵĿ͵Ⱥôһ˶ûС߻ţʲô鶼ǳǰ棬ǲɱֱˣҶԱĬȥǱ̫ˡ
Ĭ磬ЩȺǲǶ㣬㶼ûһ˿ڣ
ȻĬûܵɺɺҲǺܸ˵ģǲɿ˵⻰ֱ̫˾ˡ
Ĭ΢΢˳ǣҲ֪ҪôԼϷ
ʵҲ֪ΪʲôЩǶҿңʲôǸовɣҲʲôԲǶΧҵߣڿǰȫġ
˭Ҳ벻ȻһԭиǸмĬȻһǱЩǸгˣﻹܺúõվ
΢΢һлɣֻʵ̫ڹ죬ټĬóֵʱò˻ɡҲ·ϺüˣҲûںĬĵһϾȺҹϮòжһЩ
Ȼףڼе˶ѾʶĬеĴӢۣ⻰϶ᱻ˸ų⡣ֻа׮飬ֱӾͰĬͷŻɾĶˡ
ҲҺĬ֪еⷬ뷨֮ǰĻһҪݺݵ²һֱҪǸˣҪҪôӡæȻĻˡ
ܿСͿ԰ˡ
蹫ӣߵȥˣĿһܿע⵽ﲢûСӰһо͸ӿ϶֮ǰĲ²⡣
ôһ˵橻Ҳע⵽ˣЦЦȻˡ
ǶǺϲЦЦģСŮˣҲɽ
蹫ӣЦЦôСôͻȻأҪô죡վڻߵĺлԵĵġ
ĿһղŻеĻɣȻҲ뵽ˡĬЩȺˣÿǸСŮȥٿȺԳΪǵľˡ
뷨һܿͱˣĬѾȫҪİæǿߵﶼܵ𾴡ȻҲͲðǼ˷˷ʱ䡣
֣ЦЦˣҪҪȥ˵
Ҳһлһ˿ԹʱЦЦСѾͷôܲˣҪൣЦЦĬãҲܰΪʵ뷨ͳͳ˵ֻǺݺݵšüģЩǻǣҪôȥЦЦ
ȻֻиĬܱ֤ȫӲ߶˭ҲȷǲǶڶἤŭȺ֮ͳ˹ҲѾҵȺηˣȴʲôûԭ
ĬĿһһΧԼǰȺȻСҲ⡣뵽СҲ࣬ȺҲ࣬˵໥ͨأ
ҲҺСڲȻ˿ܻİȺ棬ȥϢ̽
һˣ
ĬڣСӺ𣬿ôҲһ
⻹˵ٶ𣬼ֱԼ۾Сٶʵ̫죬ಡһʹһͷһͷڹֻǵͷǷŭѾӰ
ٶҲ̫˰ɣҲסˣݺݵһڿˮֱԼ۾
ĬŲܱежپȣſ˫ۻסС꣬Сļ򣬡ǿʲôСѾˣǲǾ˵ҲѾҵʲô
ô
С곯Ĭ˵ͷȻ֮ǰ뵽ЩǻڲšֲĲȺˡ


118 ٿ֮ˣ2
ĬС˵˵ʲôǿһȫ׸ղСȥʲôˡղһοС֣ǲǷӦȥСʵЩЦˣź۵СŮֿǱǶҪ
˵ʲôѽвףҲһҪֵԼŭĬǣ֮Ľָ⣬ֻܾôš
С꿴һĬ΢΢ͷЩȺۺһ𹥻ˣڱٿء
⻰һежˣȻܹٿȺǽϴԵ
ĿһѵţĻ鷳ˡŵĵǺǿ޵ıȴ˲С˭Ҳ֪ͻȻðһôĵ顣
ѵŵˣ˵лŨŨĵģüĽһʱ俪ʼ˼ҪӦڵ
ŵˣֻһҲûа취ֻҪɱ޵ǸˣôЩû˿ǵȻҲͻɢˡ
һղŲǰСŮ˵ڲٿЩǣôⲻ˵֪޵˵
ЦЦ㿴ǸЩǵ𣡸ң
еϣЦЦϣȻҲѾȫƲסͷļסСĸ첲һ˫ӶųƵĹʡ
СҲһӱģŵˣ΢΢ͷǿǸЩǵˣҲܿ϶Щܵ˵ĿơСƳһڿûпѵ˵
С겻ôƵı飬Ҳ˿⣬õĴ𰸣Խˡ˫ʶ΢΢ţܴܲȥҵǸˣ
СҵǸڿЩȺûʲô⣬ܹЩǵΧǰΪҪɡ
ûʲô⣬ҪôЩȺ
С⻰һһ˶ɰǲҲǸ޵ˣҪôЩǲΪѵġ
Ҳ΢΢һ㶣һԱ߻ȺɺݺݵüģǿĬǳȻղžĬȻڿЩȺŻЦЦȥ顣Ĭ϶Ѿ˰취
֣һȺеϣֻҪܹǷһԺֻҪ㿪ڣҾǸɽǣؿĬֱӳĬԱߵһ
˼ĿĬȻѾ֪ĬʵСڳĬҪԼԷ˿ΪٳǳĬľأҲò¹Ĭļֵ
ٳ
Ҳ΢΢һ㶣Ŀ䵽Ĭϣ۵Ķǳ֮飬֪ĬڣǾͲ¡
Ĭ磬һ᲻ǵĶԲԣʶץĬĸ첲ƵĹʡ
һôĬĬеԲˡȻоʵЩȺҲûô£һԼĬ޴Ӿܾ
ǹһĨεЦݣĬܲĹݣ˫ϥ֮ǰһסĸ첲һǿƵ
ôʲôֻҪĬõģҿ϶챻ҲֻǣĬĿһԼͬеʱӦ׼ˡ
˵ĬЩ˲ܣԼС飬˵ʲôġΪΪĴɷ򣬲ȻСʲô
Ĭ⻰ҲһĬһŴ߳ȥŶĬԵš
סĬ֣鼤֣Ҫô죡ֻץסǸ֮ˣǲп
Ĭ΢΢ͷ⻰ȻףղС֮ǰֱӽǸȺĻٿ֮ˣҲǺð죬ڴҶǱȺΧסˣȻͲôðˡ
ĿʵͻȺ˹ҲֻĬԼСˣǳԣĬ뿪
Ŷ뿪ȻЩȺܻǡĬ΢΢üתͷС꣬˵ЦЦûаͻЩȺ
С꿴һΧܵȺƾ޵ѹֻҪǸ֮˲Ⱥ뿪Ӧûʲô⡣
СŮ΢΢ͷ뿪Ӧûʲô⣬
вǸոһϣСһе˶һĿһ˲˲ضС꣬Ҫѯʲôԭ
ʲôʲô𣡡ɺݺݵšüġ


119 ٿ֮ˣ3
С꿴һĬ֮Ż˵ܹɱǸЩǵˣҲͲֱӻˡ
⻰һôԭòײľһɵˣѵİ취ûǺܲİ
ѵǾҪվ˲ɣĶǲʣûüӣ̬ȵûҪƽ͡
ɺɺҲܣԼӹܳǲǾͲôĬأ鶼ԵİɣԼһЩʱͬҲҪʧȥһЩ
ĬĿû˵ǴӦĸҪȥѧԺҩϵģ·ͰԼСˣǾǶˡ
ҲҪйܻа취ģĬڰοŴңԼҲûжٿ϶ģûеͷԲ˵κʱĬʵҲԼҪˣǳɹ˲ǡ
ȻܿǸЩǵĻ֣ôҲֻдЩˡ
Ŀ䵽ЩȺϣȻЩȺṥˣȴṥԼôϿ϶ЩǹƵĶ˵ЩȺС
ЦЦʲôЩǸеƣǰĬʶʳ⻰С
Ĭôһ˵СҲע⵽ˣ֮ǰΪԼѪѹЩȺĬԭЩĬ
СҲŨŨľȣԼһô˰ȻȺȻǺǿвһɵĸоʲô
㳤̫ÿˣȺ᲻ˡֱʱС껹ЦȻǺǿ
ĬҲɱС⻰Цˣ΢΢һЩĶǣǻϲԼҪЦ˰ɡһСͷЦЦɰʵҿЩҲͦɰģܲǵĻ
С겻 ʾԼҲΣղ⻰档
Ĭ磬ЩĺϲŶҲƭ㣡СޣѾʼѹƲסЩȺϴݳĸ黹ֱܹĳ
һǾкǿĹԣֻԼϲǰŻᱣһġЩǶѡԲȥĬܿˣټϸղȺĬĬֹЩǵʱǻѡܿһ͸ѵˡ
С궼û˵ڹ֮ܲġ
Ŀ֮ǰС⻰ܲףϸһ룬ȴС겢û˵ѡ
ʵҲЩǶṥ㰡Ĭ硣һˣ˵ѾǸҧˡ
ǰҸղŶ㻳ЩǲˡƲ˼˵ֱ죬ʲô˵ʲôղһһʱ֮ûתỳĬ˷Ĭʱ򣬴ŨŨĲ˼
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷʾв⣬ЩԼﷴǸɻˡ
תͷؿۺһǣĿʶŤŴĴָϵĽָ˼Ƭ̡
ϻһҪ˵ʲôҲֻЩˣ
վԭأҹȥ
ȱ˿ڣĬѾԼһǰȥĬηĿȺǿǰǼĳһ˵Ļҧ˵ġ
жɺݺݵһĿһ˲˲ضĬҴڴˡ
ԵĻ橶ҪĬȥԼûʲôֻĬĸˡŮ˫ֺʮһסĬߵвԾĵط͵һȥ
С꿴һܱߵ˵飬ĿҲ΢΢ȣ벻Щ˻ǺܹԼ˵ȻҲ¶ıˡ
СҲǺĬ׼ʲôղûиԼһСʹһģһСȱҪõĵطСĬһûµġղŵĲ²ⶼǴģƾСٶҲܰĬȺȻ
˵Ĭ
ĬһȺķȥǺеģܸܱܵߵ˵Ķ⣬Ĭϲûиܵ⣬ȺҲôĬƺôһڴӡ
ⳡһ˳һȺȥȺǷضƺڵȥһ㡣ҲѹֱҪ˵ǲĬιȺˣģʵ̫ˣ˶е㲻š
Ĭɳ˳ǣЩɵȺͺһűԼͶιһҪҪô档
ǺǣǿǰǹĬһЩȺͳ֮ǰС׼ĿЩҩ׼ҲǺܶ࣬Ҳ㹻СԵˡ
ǰʮֻǰⵤҩĹǳ
ĬӦǣǲǳԵҩİ


120 ·ת1
ҶĬͳ˼ҩһĶЩҪ˭Ҳ뵽ĬóĶǸ߽׵ĵҩĵҩȻĬɿͶιȺֱִʿɲ˭ġ
Ӧ˵ǣĬ֮⣬ƶûܺݵͶιǵҩ˰ɡ
蹫ҪιǳԻҩ𣬲ЩֲôԹԳҩҲ֪˭˵ôһ䣬ܹóЩͦϲĬģҲʾĬιǳʲôǾͻʲô
Ҫ֪ЩǶ˵Ǹ߽ˣѾǣ̿ɲһĶԱȽϵġĬڴжѾùˡ
ôϣоͨ޶ȥԵԻҩȻЩǳˣ
ĬоûôˣҲЩǻ᲻ϲĵҩСôСѾͷϲԵҩӦЩȺϲԡʾԼϳЩҩ֮⣬ʲôԸЩǵˡ
ǸҰЩҩǳ԰ɣǳͻؼҰɡĬ΢΢һ˵˵ŰϵĵҩڵطԼһ
ЩȺʱûжƺڷӦźá
ǹһʱ䣬֮Ⱥ߳һֻɫëⷢĺǣЩΪ˶һֻˣ

ĬĿһ𣬿ⶼǰˡ
һĬŵҩĵط߹ƵĿ⿴Ĭƺ˵һĬҲֻ¶һº͵Цݣ֣˵Ҳ׵ģûʲôԸǵˡ
˵Ż̯̯֣ʾԼѾûĶˡ
һоͿҧ˲ӵĶǣʱĬȴǲɲ˼еĸоôоֻڶЦһ
һΪĬҡҡβ̤֮ͣŽýĲһĬ߹ȻǴһǲеĴʯͷ
ֻǾԼܵ裬ҪĬ˰ɡ
ʵ֤뷨ȫǶġ
ߵĬߣԴ˲ĬĽţһǵģ˵һֻñȽǵĹҶšɵģȫʲôɱ
ĬܵѺãë׵ԴĥԼĽţǿɰˡ
Ҳֱӵ壬ԴǲһĨº͵Цݣˣԣȥ԰ɡ
Ĭ֪ԼӵжôᣬֱǿϹܱߵ˵۾
С겻һԼʳڶԼ˸ͶιЩȺʾﲻˡЦЦиڿɲԼСƢʱֻշЩȺҲӹһ١
ƺҲĬ⻰˼Ĭ΢΢ͷ֮ԼǰһĬڵϵĵҩģǳԵ˼ѵõζһ¶ҸС飬ֱ˶סˡ
찡ԻҩƺݺݵһڿˮȫԼġ
СһЩʵ࣬ԻҩǸ߽׵ĵҩǮ򲻹ĶȻ˸Իҩûֱ˵ҩ
ܱô룬һգ۵ʱѾһŵҩꡣڱĬͶι˵ҩ֮ľͱĬĳһܵسҡβͣһǵĽڲٶûˡ
ĬҲǲɱЦˣ֪ҩãҲôͷˡ
˺ˣǵСҲһ԰ɡ
ȻҲĬ⻰вŨŨĸмЩҩɶǷƷྐྵȻһ㶼ƽϣóǳԡô˲䣬ѾϿĬˡ
΢΢ͷʾԼѾĬ⻰֮һתٴԺȺǻָһģﻹʲôɰֺõģ
ڴУӦеģȻûа취ˡ
𣡲ȻҶҪǲǿ˼ٻˡ
һ໡ĳվں˲ɻһôΪղſɰģһֻǣ
һ֮еǶ뻮һź˶飬һֻһֻĳ߹ⶼԺ;ˡ࣬ʵ̫˾ˣ
ЩҪҪôÿµӣ橲ɺݺݵһڿˮôŶҪ˻Ҫ˰
⻰Сﲻˣ˵޻ܱ˴һ
Ҫ֪кܶ˲֪Ҫٱ޶Ҫ̫߿ԼСŮ𣬲ʱȻû˻ᷴС⻰
ȷڽ죬Ŀ˱˻ҪȺ
һֻֻһһŵҩʮֻǣÿֻǶܱ֤Եһŵҩϻ˼ŵҩǱߡ
֪Ǻöû֮£ûһֻǻǰһŵҩ͹һ㣬Ǳ˶Ҫĸã
ҿǱ˻Ҳ֪˭ں淢ôһҲǴӣǶǱҪˣļɣɲʲô˶ġ


121 ·ת2
ĬĿֻǿЩȺʵҲͦɰأڶѾĶˣӦòỹ˰ɡ
ˣƣǶѾԵĲ˰ɣʣµ⼸ŵҩҲһǰɡĬһȫںһ˵һ
ܹܵĬ⣬Ĭ˵ͷģŨŨ֮飬˾
֮ߵĬߣ˲Ĭĸ첲ģܵģĬɵЦظԴ˺ˣ֪ˡ
ĬȻҲ֪Ҫʲôģ˺ϲġ
СǰһҪ˵ǽҪ
ǶȥɡСŮ΢СȫǷļŶߣȴҲʲôԵĵط
ĻСŮ⻰
ЦЦѾͷȥΣհڴУĬӦΪЩϲԵҩȺȥЦЦȫһˡһСѾͷһ˼һڼѧϰģȴѾĬʼķҲڸǸСŮʵ
֮ǰжڵĬİΣһͱЦЦˡ
С֮ѪѹƵ˲Ч֮ǰȺ˿ţڿ״̬СϵѹҲܹ⡣
Ȼھȫһˣ֮˿ƵѾȫĬĵҩ֮£ǵʶǿ֮ҪҲһ׵ˡ
Ѿû˵⣬ڿСʱ򣬶Էд޵Ϣ˲۷ˡ
˲˼Ŀ֮£ֻȻڿС֮ڵϣԴأԿϺ͹֮顣
찡ǲۻˣȻЦЦ˰
û˵˫Ŀһ˲˲ؿǰһһСϣлĪĹâ˭Ҳ֪ʱеʲôڳοĬʱܸܵĲһ㣬ڴ棬ͿԸ֤ʵе뷨
ȷԺһ·ĬԱߣȫȫõġȻ뵽Ǹĺ棬ܹշĬΪҪģ
Ϻ˭Ҳһ󣬶˵ӵµģֻҪǻѡеļ̳ˣҪЧҵǸˡʵϣ˽ºͶӵĹϵȽϺãҲһĻµߣڹ˽ϣǶܹٵǴλ
ܹŶӸ£Ĭòˡ
ȻЩǺˣΪҪĻǽЩȺǡ
ЦЦڵصǲɹһĨЦݣ³ֵĽ
ˣҲѾϵĿ֮ȥɡСѾС⻰˼
Ȼû뿪˾ȵ顣
С꣬΢΢ҡͷԵʲô鲢û
СҲŭˣⶼѾЩǽ˱˿ƵѲɻҪôߣҪõĶɡɲС
СŮһȣǻ뿪
ȻСе࣬ǾǿԭأźȺҲǹɵں棬һصŽһָʾ
СˣֱҪԴҹȥ
жһʯͷǿıЦЦ˵ˣЩǾԻֱӹġ
뵽飬ȻĬҲѾˣһСԴ֮ǰסСĸ첲΢΢ҡͷˣǻʲôûɡ
ûбСУôҶһֱ̫ˡ
ҺҺá
СŭݺݵصЩǣô˵˵ЩԾǵôߡ
Ĭ΢΢һЦȺľٶǶƽӣʲôҿ԰ǵ𣡡
ЩҲǿһĵط뿪
Ĭӣ鶼еˣĬ˵һһϵȷǴҸ߿ĬˣɲǽֻǻǶˡ
ĬĿ⣬ԴɴøͣԴʾԼĳġ
ǲҪĬһߵõʲôֻǺûа취ȻҲʡ˲顣ҪôߣҪ˵Ļûǿ˵Ļˡ
ʵܶʱǸӵĿ£֪˼ǾԲᳯԼĶº֣ȴǰȫɥʧԣֱȶﻹ硣
ĬҲ⵽ʲô˼ֻĵؿľٶĿһƺѾµҪĺ塣


122 һ1
Ĭ΢΢˹ԴƺҲоһ΢΢ŲһԴĬܹӷͷģҪжȾжˣֱǴȮò˵ԭǵƤëȥôֲôϲƤ£Ҳġ
ĬǸո뵽һ㣬ܿСҲ뵽㣬ˮ˸ƵĹʣҿǵƤȥܲӰҪǰƤ·ڲĻ
ȻǺܱ뺷Ȼ˵ҪƤⲻ𡣹ҲֻС˵⻰ˣƫƫѾ⻰ֻǶС¶һı飬ûжŭ
ֻӦ˻ɡ
ô̫ˣ˻ҪԼô˵˼Ҳ֣һֻǶ԰˸ҧˡ
˵Ҳֻڸϣ˾Ͳ̫ˣȫǲеġ
ĬС꿴һۣ΢΢ҡͷⶼҪ˼ŵˡ
㲻£ЦЦں㿪ЦİƤ·ģĬǿһ飬ȷŻ𡣡ˣʵ˵ȥǸǵ𣡡
⻰Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ĭ飬ǶҪˡĻ֮˲ΪֲģһطȺǣĬԿסЩȺһأ˭Ҳܱ֤´λôõ
Ĭ˭ȺǣҲһӼһҪĻ֮ˣȻ·ϻҪ鷳
ţĬ΢΢ͷʾԼףһĿСǣȥҵǸǵ˰ɣ²ǻǻֻһ
֮ĬҲĺܣбԼǷȺʲô˼Щǿ޹ģǵ϶һЩ˺ۣ˭Ҳ޹ĴڣֻǱ˸ÿˡ
Ĭ⻰ҲһԴͷʾͬ⡣ҪĬȥҰĻٿصˣˣôҲһݰȫ
ãһȥС֪Ļ֮ģĿǸȺϻֻǣýӽ
֮ǰС֮ûжֽ֮ˣΪ֮߻ֻǣֵĻȻҪֻܵǵ˵СܲܽⱣǸߵֻǣΪҪɱֻǣҲմѪЩѹҲΪͬ鱨õ
գ
ò˵֮˼Ѿпܻᷢ鶼һߣ⼸޷ľֻ֣ǿϧôҲ벻ȺȻĬΪŵҩȫĬշˡ
һϣҪ˵Ǵҵˡ
ĬԼĺ壬ҲһӼرС˵ĻֻǱ֮˵ߣбŷƵĹʣȻֻǺĹϵǳ
ô˲䣬СҲ׹˵ܹλãôܻױ֮˸ƣڿǱԷҪЮԼΪҪЮòЭ֮˸ˡ
һԽʹ֮˵ĺ۸ǵ
ֻˣС϶Ѿʵһ
΢΢ͷ໡طƺںĬС˽͵ʲôҶﰡ
һСȴˣһݺݵս˫ȭֱ̫ˣ˵һССʲôܹǣԭץǺϾҪǺǳڹؼʱ̣ȻҲᱻ˸ơ֮ǰΧǸ֮ԱߵֻʵҪǺδӣǲΪ˱֮ˣΪ˱Ǻģ
СӣĬĿһֱ˵ЦЦǷʲô飡
ǽҪǺǸץˣԱƵòȺСҲţϴŨŨʹ֮飬һᵹҲȺϮǵˣеעǸĻٿ֮ϡ
СŮӣлһᶨĹâģһȻǺĺӣǸСˣԲܷŹ˵СŮ϶ɢŨɱϢԱߵо֣ѹɢǶ˫ȷ
ԭΪЦЦһȽСŮˣʱСͷųѹҪ¹򳼷ĸооֲѡ
Ŀһ˵ʲôͷôôǿ
ߺߣҪôûнЩˣյӺ𣬺ȻȺĶˣ


123 һ2
ŵǲѴҶУĪΪסǺĿԺȺ˲ɣСлŨŨĳȻ˵Ϊǲм
ԭ׼ҵĻ֮ȳǺڵҲãʡĬȥʱ䣬˷Լ
ĬվϣĿ䵽˵ϣ󻹸һֻǣûпǺ
ǺˣǺ󣡡ĬһȣΪҲᡣ
ڷ粻΢΢һ㶣ȻĬȻ֪ץǺǾȣܿ·ӳ֪ץǺôҪЩǸˡڷĿƵؿĬĿһݣǺǣȻӣȻ֪Ǻ󣡡
ôŵӣĬûж˵ʲôֻʶݺݵüģܾԼмˣһô벻
㵽ҪʲôǺԩ޳ΪҪȺǣ׵飬ǸûмˣӲ˵ˣȴ֮ܵ֡
Ȼ⻰䣬ڿ˵ʱȴǿƲסɪɪȻˣ
Ǹɽˣ橴һʶץסĸ첲ĺ¡֮ǰɽϷ飬Ѿڻɺɺһûа취ƵӰٴοʱ򣬻ôỹû
ģĬҲˣ˲֮ǰһȭͷһȥˡ֮һڵϣѾ˵ĴڣǹĲɣ
ĬһݣΪֵܱ𣬲ǷȺҲĬ½⡣Ǳ͸
Ҫ𣡡
һ֮ǰǾȼ٣ɺɺǱվҲûܵеصˣҲûзȴǲ뾹ȻĽ
ڷĿĿ壬Ĭ˵ĳ֣Ǹ㶨ŮˣҲһǾԲ£һҪѪծѪһ֮ޣ
ߣ˭ͳͳȥҴ磡ڷݺݵս˫ȭ˵˭ɱ˴磬ҿԸһʹ죡
ɺɺпֻţɱֵܵ˿ɲĬʱζṩĬ֡ɺɺ˵ȼݵȻҲɺɺ϶ûˣôֻĬˣ
ʱʶҪάĬ֮ǰĬӦ̫飬Ҳ𱨵
ߺߣ˵𣡡ڷ絹Ҳû뵽Щ˾Ȼôʱ򣬷һЦǲ˵ҲûйϵΪҾκβ𣬺ߣȻǶ˵ôͳͳȥɣ
ĬҲͦģûԼָ˵ȴǲԴС
ֱǰһϻһĨŵЦݣҪ֪˭ɱֵ𣬾ңĴ绹Ƕ磬ɱģûɱ㣬ź
Ȼ˵ʵɱ˵ӦС꣬ԼɱҲûʲôˡ
Ĭôŵڷȫŭˣԭ㣬Ҫɱ㣡ҵֵܱ𣡡˵źڷԼҪˡ
ܿջؽŲǺܺãȻĬĶ֣ȻҲᱻһȭιȥͿλֳʬ塣
һߣĿ䵽ϣڷͳһѣ׼࣬ǻһĨյЦݡ򲻹Ĭ߿ʮֻǣÿһֻĬҧһڣ԰˸ҧˡ
ߺߣ͵űЩҧɡ
յŨŨţƺѾȺǹĬһˣҧֳˡ
𣬺ڷ紵ѣȻѵȺղİ취Ⱥߵһʼʩ׼ȺĬ
һᣬѾһʱѣȴ˿ӦûУرɫм˸Ұһ˺ѲбİɫһĨȴԺڷġ
ԣ
ڷвһôʱûЧӦó
ɸĴѣȻһЧûУһһԭͺǳɫһЧûС
ҲǲЦ˳
ΪжأȻѾ˰ɣ㲻Ⱥǣ㻹ô죡дã֮ǰǱˣڿ׳Ա⣬ﲻٸˡ
ڷȫаԴѧ֮֮󣬾ʹûʧֹٰͨǺԲ
źڷֱԼһεʧŻȻ
ĬȺͶιĵҩ̺ŲѾѺڷ֮ǰȺİˣһһ̶ǵںڷıҪȥȺǣȫڳ˵Σ
Ǻǣڿֵ˰ɣĬκԱ𣬿źڷʱѾֱӰһˡ


124 Ǻӣ1
ڷĬ⻰ҲסˣѲĬҲԦ֮Բǰһ֮ǰͷȺϵڷЩȺɡ֪ôһĴڣ֪Ĭŵˣ˵ʲôĬ
ڷһʶҪܣȻѾˡ
ĬһҲǵ㱨ʱˡ
ͲĬ˵ܵ裬ȻҪ໡һȺָܵʾѺڷŰΧˣһ϶ûУӲ˵ˡ
ӺڷҲǼˣ˵ʲôˣȻԺȺǣôſһ˵ǿֱδš
˭ԲŵˣǳҲȺڷݺݵս˫ȭԼŬԼɪɪжĬĿ־֮Ѿ˶㡣
ʲôǸҲ֪
Ĭ̯̯֣ĨаȵЦ˿ô᲻ѣֱһħһħҪǲҪڷǱȺˣһ
ǺǶħֵҲĬһȻںڷ⻰ǺģĿˣ˵ɣ㵽ǰǺôˣ
ղźڷʱ򣬺ԲûпǺһǺǺǴڹؼʱܵһʧһʬ飡
Ĭ⻰Ҳ˺ڷ磬ϻһŵƣֻҪǺԼȺǾͲԼôֻܹԹԼ
һڷǻָһţߺߣǲҪȻҿɲܱ֤᲻ֱӰǵǺ󣬵ȻδСôŶ
Ȼڷ˾öģȻǺδҪЮò˵ĺãԭźڷ翿ͣȫǰԼӺͺע
ɰĿ䵽ĬϣĬһԼ
Ĭ˵ȻѾǣȻ;ϣСʹһɫԼվɢڷע
ǺǣץǺʲô˼㲻Ҫ籨Ҿվб¾͹ѽĬ΢΢ƺڷ硣
ڷǱ֮ǰֳҪöˣǵȫͲĬĶ֣ǰⲻ
ǺǣΪɵһô㣡ڷһرֳĬĲм书˵ΣǺС̣ĬκβԼǺǣշΣҶô
˵вµȻҲǼٵģںڷֻǺСΪΨһĳ룬ĬȴѾЩǡûȺܣڷʵҲ˴룬Ŀתͷ˵ҪĺĻʹس񣬰ҧˣ
ֱںڷлûз飬ֻҪĬʲô鶼˵
ͨԵˣȻ׺ڷ⻰˼˶ԸĬͿԱ֤ǺС̵İȫȥԸĬ˵ʲô顣
໡
ڿտĲԭԵԽĹ죬¹˵ϣȴ˲ɻһ
ɺɺվں棬֣»һֱӳȥ˭ҲȲ
ô죬Ĭ绹Щǻ᲻ɺɺףǺС̶һȺ˵жôҪղĬҲͶιЩһЩԻҩˣЩȺס
һȻҲǼΪӵģΨһܹվǳĬ֮⣬Ѿûİ취
ȣĿһץסɺɺĸ첲ϵҲǼӴ˼֣קĻϺܲ·ѾԵĺۣǲǻ橶ûע⵽һ㣬ǵעȫĬһ߸סˡ
ĬƵվƺһ㶼ûаѺڷУ̬Ȳúڷ粻ܽܵġ
ǺǣǲҪĺ˰ɣҵȻҲˣ
һǺǺͺӱѡĬôɱẠ̊́
һҲ֪ҪǺãĬ˵ǷǳҪˣǺ˵УֲòЩ
еƽѾƫơ
кȻܵĬĶݣǺĬмһѡҲֻܶԲĬˡ
໡
һʹĳת壬ĬŶԷ֮۵Ѿڳһļƣ
ȻѾѡ


125 Ǻӣ2
ĬһͣѡҲ֮е飬ƺѾԤϵһ㡣
ԼվǶϣĬԼҲͬѡɡ
ãǴһܰɣǿֻǱȽĬһĿᶨƺŵĵ˲һԼ޼˰ˣǿ
ʵĬѾҪһܣֻк͸ֶԾԼʵĬʱõԾڷ粻˵ĬҲҪϡڵҲǰĬһæ˰ɡ
ֳһѳĬŵʱŵıҲó
Ĺâ¹֮ԵΪϬһֱһ¾ͻɺܴ˿ڡ
Ĭĸ͸ıǱĬϧıԾҲﾡˡ
ҵڤ
ĬȻʵǱԼ˲֪ˣȻԼǰһķ򹥻ȥ
ڷĿǹһĨŨŨĳ˻ΪԼɣֱ
ǺǣȰֱͶҿԸһʹ죬ȻݹҲһȫʬȺǺԸ⣡ڷԱߵЦѾ϶ԼӮ֡
ʵǿΣܹԼʩȺϵָʾһ
ʱҪԼϵкܶܶĳ룬ֻҪãͱκ鶼Ҫá
ǳȻںڷȫõİ취ϵЦôƲסɢ᲻ѡ
橲ɺݺݵս˫ȭһôʹԼȻʲôˣΪĸоееʹ࣬һôʹԼΪʲôǿһ㣬֮ǰӦٶŬһ㣬Ҳô۰Ͱ͵ؿĬȴΪˡ
ĬҲ뵽ô̶̵ʱڣȻôӰ죬ŮΪԼԭ򣬾ʼǿ
Ĭ֣֮ǰܵĬĶݣȻҲܶĬº֣צĶҲ˰֣˿ûע⵽ĬǺֵˣܷǳ
һⲻҪĽҪһʵѪƴƴĸоܸһֲһĽ
ʹȫĬһ˵⵹Ҳһ
ȻѾܹΪȻ֮ʹȫĬɣҲΪԭ򣬲˼ףĬȻྐྵȻܱ֮侲ҲòһĿܡ
ڷһͣȻǳ˾ȻƤӵ¶Ĭ飬СлһĨ壬ԼĬĶ֣Ͳ֣ڷǵһֽѵĬˡ
ߣǲҪǺС˰ɣĵĻҲģ˵Ƶд޾вܹ̼顣ͲѲΪάĬԼĺӶˡ
Ȼ⻰һټϸղĬҲ˵Ҫʹȫɴһȣ໡һ쳹һݣҲ飬ֱӳĬһצȥ
Ҷɺݺݵס˺ҿֻҪһצӸץĬʲô³ǿצƺٶȣѾһûκʮֵ
ȻĬȴǲһĨõЦݣҪľЧ
ĿһڴҶĬ϶ᱻץʱĬξȻһֹٶĹãúã
ȵٴηӦʱĬѾվĺ棬ʲôʱתλãҶֱ֪˾ֲѡĬҪɱ˵ĻǲҲǿɱΣ˲
ֱֲ̫ˣ
Ҳô룬ǲһĨɵЦݣī磬ôҲκβĬδһǸӢۣĬһȻʵڿĬʱ򣬾ѾĬԼδˡ
̫ˣīð
Ҳһ㶼˼ʲô飬ԼΪϵԼĬľ֮顣
΢΢˳ǣڴҶעĬߵսûע橣Ȼһʼҹȴ¶⻨յӣ˽ܡ
˶Ĭ֮սò˵ҲŨŨ𺳺;壬ԼҲ²ַʽԼǿ֮£ܺսΪߴԼĶҲֻĬһˡ
Ҳ֪Ĭ͵ʲôȻ棬ȻھʵǰǿɵĹҲᱩ¶ȱ㡣


126 Ǻӣ3
ԼȫһȻĬˣΪĽԼĲʱгս֮룡ҪץסĬ
һĬ֮սѾڰȻ֮ǰǶ˼ֿ㣬ľ˵ľɣ
Ҳɸһݺݵս˫ȭ쳣ᣬ¾ǴĬ˼·һ
ڴҶΪĬģȻĬȴԽսԽ£мѣһ˫˸ƵĹâǰȫѾеһС
һͣĬĵĳ֪ĽҲƲסһĸоָо̫СںܿͱˣȫעضĬ֮ս
ĬԭǴһɫĳղһսͷҲһЩңһצӻ첲ͷķںٲĳɢȻһֱУ
һƫƫѹӣ
ڳκ˶ûע⵽Ĭı仯ĬɢͷӣһŮˡĬǸǿǿƵĶȻͲ뵽ĬһŮĿԣҲֱӱҸԡ
ĬҲɻˣֱϴĸоʹȺѪ˳ֱմʪ˺ɫ·ڰҹиע⵽һ㡣ĬˣȻҲ֮ǰĬлһĨĹâʼơ
΢΢һսץסһ϶ĶӴȥһݣȻ֪Լæã벻ĬȻʹץ˶ԷֲûиĬɺܴӰ졣
ôǴˣĬǱ׼ƲӣһⲻƣĹưˡҲҺҲһУǸĬԼһĻᣬĬؿڴŴһսҲѾ̫
ؾĬҲʼСѾȥ˺ܾˣȻڻûлѲڻûпǺС
˵ʱʱ죬ĬβǸո뵽С꣬ЦЦӺһˣҰ˭Ҳһˣ
ԭҪĬ˹ڿǺ֮ȫסˣͺӲѨһȫҶһ㡣лŨŨڴ໡ԼĽԣǺǸոʱֻǳ΢΢ͷûп˵ʲôġ
ǺƽİοﻹṥĬǿһĴˣ
ڷҲмˣȻСŮҵǺԼΨһĵƶѾʧȻû˿вĶΪ֮ǰԼľٶһצˡʶǳźȥĬѾע⵽ڷĶ
ԲܷȻֻǴ鷳㲻ǣնģ͵ɨһϰɣԺҲһΣ˼ˡ
վסҪȥĬһ䣬ؿҪܵˡ
ڷ粻һѲɽҪˡлһĨŨŨĲʣս˫ȭ㻹ҪôѾɱҵĴ磬ھҲŹ𣡡ʵڿСǺʱ򣬺ڷѾĴ㣬Լˣ
Ĭ΢΢ôһӦ÷Ź㣬Ժȥ˺˲ɡ
ڷ粻ɺݺݵս˫ȭһ˿âԲŵˣô˵İ취
˹ŲӣȻһ׺ؿĬһߺߣŵˣɱȻҵͬΪұЩͳͳȥɣڷս˫ȭѾܹ뵽ˡ
ΪĬ
ţʲôǸĲ֪
Ĭ΢΢˹һǺǣţôû˵һҪΪ㱨Ǿͳͳˣֻ
⻰һ䣬Ĭ֣һɫӰѪڷһֶûü˵ڣֱӵȥһûˡ
֣ʸ鷢
ؿһѾĲˣسĬķȥ֮ڴҾȵĿУĬԼел⡣ȻһٶҲѧģĬ㵹Դغ;
ѹѹȺĬǰⳡҪж׳۾ж׳ˣĬҲ΢΢һ㶣ƺҲû뵽ľٶ
ҪҲԼĿģȴǵõĴĬе㲻˼ˡ
С껳ﻹʲôߵĬߣʾأ


127 ȺǳСۣ1
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾԼѾˣضӣƻ˳Ƥë΢΢ˣɣǵˣС̶Ѿûˣϣ֮ҲҪˣǱиõĽ
ĬĻȺǺǿǼˣԺǿĶ֣ҲһҡҪѾΪףܹﵽʵ͸Ӧȥϧʱɱ沢һ¡
лһĨâƺϸ˼Ĭ⻰һףƺĬ⻰һĬѾˣҲһ󹦵°ɡ
˵ĬҲ׼ת뿪׮Ҳһ˽ᣬĿ䵽СϣСһﱧŵĿɲС̡
ЦЦС̻ǰɣҲһԲ
С⻰΢΢ͷĿһ˯еС̣СŮϲ¶һЦݣС̫ɰˣСϲϲԼһ˲ܴһֻС·СǸӦøǺܸõ
С̵ԴСŮǰһС̽УСһͺһһϲѡ
㣬ĺӣԺǽ˵ĻҪΪ˼ͺáСŮ˸ҫ۵Ĺâ˲һͣһСŮƾȫһˡ
Ȼȴǲ˶ˣԭΪ鶼Ѿǲˡ
ĬӦһԾֻǰצץסĬӣǰĬӲȺ֮УСеС̶Ҫˣ
ĬҲסˣ֪Լûж⣬ͱܵذγ̹ȥ
ĬȻץˣСҲˣһȣʲôſ
ȻֻǴ໡ػӦһСĬǾͳһȥźȺǺ󶼲סˣȫ֪⵽Ҫȥʲô
橿ĬץˣȻڲûпҪ˺ҧĬӣǿһͷǰĬϣҪ˲ĶС
ô죬ô죡Ĭ类ˣҲżѣƫƫԼʲôˣʹ޵顣
˭ҲҶ˵ʲôСһﻹС̳ղ뿪ķȥͺֻһգ۵ĹӰˡ
Ŀղֳ˾Ķ˺Ĭлǲ֪ԭڡϻ橽ŵӣ̾һҲǼΪĬҪ˵İογĿġ
Ļ橵ļ˵橹ģĬʲôģղѾĬȻ֡⻰Ҳ֪ڰο橻ڰοԼˡ
вȷ˺ĬΪҪĻĬȻֲõĲѾһһСŮʲô˵Ӳˡ
ص˵ͷǺãǾĬɡ
˵Ĭһߡ
ĬŴԽ֮УַڶߺХͺ˶Ҫһ
㵽ҪȥѽĬ˿ıϣ˫ֱļ΢΢˫ۣҲҺﲢûʲô˾϶ҪǰһĻŵˣȻ˰Ǹģ⵽жǿ
˵⻰ƺΪ˻ӦĬ⣬ء໡һȻĬֻбʾΣѽԿ˵ϰˡ
Ҳ˵ʲô㻹ǴҵĿĵ˵ɡƺҲΨһܹˡ
Сں׷ţдһĨżȻĬʲôõ飬ֲյĸоǺܲˬġ
СƺҲǸܵСеĽ˼Ҫְ취Сע⡣ģ˳ˣ
СһҲٶȣص˵С̵ԴһĨȡ
֮ǰС̳ʱһֱǱ˫ۣ˵ǰǺˣǺǱ˳˳С̸˳ĸӾֻոճСƺرķһֱû˫ۡ
Ȼˣ
Сˮ۾С꣬˫дŶĺ棬С֮һˣȻ׽ѡ
ԣǻ۵һʶԼĸףСģǰСԼĸף
СҲеˣɲĸѽ
СŮص˵С̵ԴᣬСһɲҪôңһֻǲǺŶȻỹǰ㻹ǺС
СѾһֻţɲһֻǣȻСԼҪǲרˡ


128 ȺǳСۣ2
һ᲻СС˵ʲôСҲǺףСȴѾǴ⣬ҪСˡ
СѶ˭ã˭ãͳͳƭ۾ȥ׽Լõˣ֮ѧԶЩĵˡȻСֶԼõˣСȻԶԷˡ
ոճС̲ûʲôצģڿжСƺںСкһȵСģ˲ͰСһĶȻˡ
һֱڳ˯״̬þûзĵҲһȤѽѽÿɰСѽ㵰磡һ㶼ֱ˵
⻰СͲˣ⵰ԼһûƿǵСȻôɰС̽Լ磬ɿ˵óڡ
ߺߣСǲҪǲҪ档֮ǰ˵С̣һСҲı⣬ƳһۻԼߵĵӴ˯ˣ
΢΢˵ͷԼҲǵ˯˶ˣѵʱԽԽ٣ͷ
شһǷأҲ֪ôˣǺںò΢һ㡣ϴʲôʱһֻôɰС̻ǵС𣡡лŨŨ˷ܣԼҪСһҲǱСշˡ
һСܵȻҪĽˡ
С겻һСأСǵȻỹҪͻǺߡС׵úܣǺֻСǰľİСǸˣĺҪ׷ɱˣɲһ顣
⻰вɻһ˿̾ϢһۿɰСǣԭǵСѽ
ԭǺðɣɰСҪͻȥѽпһ뵽һ⣬ϴ㲻ҪңǺǱ͵С̰ɣˣּʲôΪ˶֪Сһʲôɡ
һΨ²ҵ˰
Сƺ˵⻰ǵԼᱻСߣˮ˫һĨ󣬡ءţСצڿаڶţƺС겻Ҫһ
Сģǵе㿴㲻ȥˣأϴ㿴СǶ˵ǺҲҪˣǻСһɡʵڲУԺҵĿһ룡صǴˣΪСǣԼĿԸ⹱׳ˡ
⵹ҲǿԿС̵Ŀɰ֮Ҳԭ򣬲˸᲻÷ſСˡ
С̳ĿС꣬ģƺӦһ̵ܲˡ
Сѵ᲻С𣬶ڿɰ˭һȻ׽ϲҪԼ߿ˡⲻζСôԣźܶĲģݺݵüȻ˾ɡ
ȻС⻰һҲѾ˻͵أлС̵ζʲôҲһӸѽǿȥ˰ɡ
˵ĬСҲ֪ĬǱȥˡ
Ҳ֪Сһ̾벻ʹȫ֮;Ȼôǿβٶһ򶼲ȻСҲǲˬȴֲö˵ʲô
ڵͺˣҪ֪ԼĬȥ
СлǺܲˬǰ徹ȻȴܵĴҪǣһģĬҲˣȻ֪
Ҳɾˣϴ㲻һֱߵȻ˸Ūˣ
СоԼǱˣȻһֻˣԽˣߣѽȥ˸һ
໣ءСǿС͵˵ΪС⣬ҲǻȥˣţСצС·ƺҪʲô
СҲע⵽ˣĿ䵽С̵ϣȻǺСǵ˵ʲôȴǲµһšһСǣǲ֪ǵȥ
СӣѪĹϵСܹܵķҲǳпܡ
ע⵽ԼˣСͷʾԼ֪ǵ䡣
ȻղСһֱ˫ۣĸ֪ǷǳܹܵǸԼͬϢķ
̫ˣ
С̵ָ·СҲһµķҪҵĬʱˡ
СҲɸ˵۾ȻԼܹﵽСʾʮָˡĳֻСѾȫ˵˭ԼĸֱӰСǲǵԼˣ֪֪ԼһʱȻԼĺӶ׽Լˣ֪ж


129 ɽ1
žɽĬҲ֪˶Զˣһɽƺ߲߼ʵһţ±ô뵽εĵطȻôһѨһ찡
һĬҲɿʼɽ˵滹ĿܲʲôԲôеذԼô˵Լ˵ĶˣܲڶݺԼһϣĬɾ඼Ҫÿɿöࡣ
Ҳ֪ǵ˶ãĬԼеֲˣĽŲҲƺھǰδ֪ķһĬһѾϾҪﵽĿĵˡ
Ȼһյʱ䣬ͣ˽ŲȻǺǵһطһǰķ羰һӷ˸ı䡣ԭǺխСһӱĿտǰ澹Ȼһʯͷ䡣
ĬвɻŨŨľȣ⵽ҪöòܴôһôĿռ䣬ɽʯҪҲô׵ɡûʲô־ʾĬ㶼Ҫǲ˭Ĺˣ
Ҫ𣡡ĬĿɿǶʯϵĵյ棬һʲôյһʯһǶ쵰һ¹ʯ涼ɢɫĹԣ
ĬвɻŨŨľȣǱɽȵˣЩʯѾֵˣȻȴֻǱȵͨߣͿɽ˵жļҵˡ
ЩĬģĹУǮһҪ飬кܶණȴǮҲ׷󲻵ġĬжڽǮЩҲûôԡ
תӽʯ֮Եøİͺɽмɵһʵ˽ţ⵹ĬҲ־衣
໡
Ҳ֪ܵʲô̼һطһצʾĬ
ҪʲôҪ𣡡Ĭһ˳ָķȥʯ֮ⲢûʲôһҲʼ
֮ǰս䣬ĬֻǱʯǶıʯȥһҲʼɣװε˾ķ䣬ôܻһ
ⲻԲһмǬ
ɽ˼ȻѾô˼װôһεɽȻҪʲôʲôܲĵҪ¹ʯȾʯװɽɡΪʵǣʲôտƺʲôûУ
۷
Ĭһһ뷨ѾֱϮͷһ鼤ʯڣʯڶȻǲʲôܡѾˣԲŴԼ
ʯ⣡ãҰ㣡
ĬǼᶨĬѾеİأǰлһĨ϶еˣҲܽɽˡһ۵ҲŨŨ˷ܺڴ
ĬҲûע⵽һʯȥѣĬ벻Щʯڻ⡣ƺͨʯڲûжٲ𣬳ʪĻʯѾһ̦ϷʳһЩ֪洹ŵҲͦƯġ
ȴƺʲôⶼûеĵطԽǿǱʲôҪϢ
ĬҪȥдʯڵʱ򣬻Լ֣ɫӰԼ˹Ĭ⧲Ӳ˻
ڵվʯǰ棬Ĭһ໡ƺھĬǰ
˺Ͷûа취̸һҲĬ˲鷳ԼҪʲôղ˼˵ܾЩʯڵĺ棬İ취Լ
Ĭ΢΢˼Ƭ̣бѾ׹Щ
ңЩж
ĬƵؿȻ϶ĵͷвɺݺݵ˿ص̾һղûѣһҲѾû˰ɡ
ĬȻҲеΪˣȻɽܾʯڵĺ棬ʯЩжţκ˽ӽȻ¾ǱЩˡһƺһ֣ȫ벻ӦҪӦԲźá
ɵĬݺݵüģ˼Ҫʲô취ԸЩ
Ѿɽܲʲô޹ɡ
𣡡
ĬһͲЩղģȵЩʲôⶼԽˡ
ɵǹһĨõЦݣҲҺøղĬϻĻӣһÿó
ײһĻڿտɽԵ쳣ĬǻһĨЦ⣬ȥֱӰѻ
ȻĳĬҲסˣ
ЩĲ»𣬸ӿ˵ԻԴܡ


130 ɽ2
ֻ֮һϨˣͺ汻һˮһĬһлͲаˣµȼһ¶ȻǺ͸ղŵһģһȻܿ
ĬҲɾˣжͻҲͦġ
ղĬҲϸע⵽ˣղڻӶߣһɫľ״ˮЩˮѻӸϨˡȷһܹԼԼʱԴͷųˮ
Ĭֻǹɵһ߿ţܹЩȻҲѾˣỹȵˡ
Ȼ治Уôҵڤɡ˵ĬֳֽЩɫ
ĬɸоԼֶЩ飬ҲҺڤһϵȵĺýûгˣˡЩȻһ㶼ûܵˣͺղʲôûзһ
һĬҲеˣ磬»һӾȻҲҲҪʲô취Ըˡεؿһ̯̯֣ǻҪʲôİ취
΢΢ͷʾĬ⻰ͬ
ˣǾȻСǻҲˣС꿴ĬӰ˵סĬȷûܵʲôһڶʱûôõ̬ˡ
СؿһߣȻҵ˾ܣ㻹ҪҪҶˣСӵΪӡ
Сѵˣвջ𣬷ڿС̵ʱһ˫۾ǱɲǼһƵؿС̣ҪԷС̲ʶڶ˷ܵĿ⣬СһǱŵһһתСĻء
СذС̵Ǻݺݵصһ㶼ŵˣ
Сôһ˵ҪС̣Ӳͣԭأĺѽ
໣ˣڸʲôʲôóԵģȴҷӦ֮һ׺ԲСĶ߷˳ֱسĬķȥɲǵˡ
ȻһֱӳЩĬͷ۵ȥٶ֮죬Ĭֹ
ж
ĬһȻ͵ദʱ䲢ãпǰѵǷǳҪС顣
һգ۵ʱ䣬ѾסҲ֪СһﵽǸʲôȻЩһۿɼٶȿήȥĬҲɵɴ˫ۡ
˺ðĬһԼĺдŨŨĲ˼飬ղŶЩʲô
ֻɫĵ¹һȦĬߣлһĨ㣬ⲻ˸׼ʳζĺܲأ˵ƺΪ֤ǳԱһһá
Ĭȫ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźˣЩȻˣôûˣ
۵ײŨŨĽţԼﰲȻŵĵʲôɡ
ûоʲôģһҪңҪôⶾأȻԼܺӣʲôȥһڡ
ܺѽȵģҪ˯ˡ
֮󲻹ĬôСһͺ˯һһҲûУĬȴǸӽˣΪղЩ˰ɡ

С겻ɺݺݵҡͷѵ˲õģǽ״̬һȡ̫Ҫúһ¡˰ѵҰɣ˵ò˶ãȵȫЩҲԳɹƿǶˡ
ģǱˣĬҲһɣȷûʲô󰭣ſԼ顣
ĬҲ뵽Լⶼʲô޳裬ȻһˣǵãûжõһؾͲһһˡҲԽᶨˣȵ֮ҪúÿȻԺ˭ҩ˶֪
֮ǰ֪СĬ޳裬СǾβȴΪĬ̫ӶҲûоС굽жǿ
ڿ̬֮ȴȫˣޣ֮Ȼڻڵ棬ȻǽϸղŵľٶѾˣĬжôǿ
һ۱ССӤһ˯С̣Ѿһ뷨ȴǸӼᶨ˼֡
ĬתͷʯڣȻѾΪֵ㶨ˣȻԷܶˡ
ʲôҪģҰðɡĬҲ֪ôһطæȻҪġ
໡ŵڿտɽΪԣĬʹűǣﰡ
ϹŴУ


131 ӣϹŴУ1
ϹŴУ
Ĭ⻰ҲŷݺݵסˣʲôһתܳѲɻǺԼ֮ǰ뷨ıˣﻹʲô˵Ĺء
뷨ҲһˣĬ˵ЦЦʲô
С΢΢ҡͷʾԼҲǺ⵽ʲô˼Ҳ仰֮ԽҲֻǼ򵥵ĽСʾһϹŴ֮⣬Ҳûʲôˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾˣĿⲻɿʯߣеܶʯ֮СϹŴеĻУǿǴ׬һʡ
ҪĬһֱңִʲôĻǺģǰ½ϳһţɲΪеõһ˲õĴУ֮һչһ˵һĴֻЩܳŻ߳Ͽе˲ܻãһѷĻˡ
Ĭһ˵ҵҪҽϹŴУܣĬѾҲɣĿġ
ĻĬҲҪмˣҪ֪ж֮˵ǶôҪĻʲô˵Ҳ˵ʲô
΢΢ͷʾĬ⻰Ŀ϶Ŀʾ⣬Ĭ߹ȥ
һһһػϹŴУеʲôԲҲ֪ĬһֱڵȴǸԵ֮ˣҲźܴڴϣĶ
СһҲǿˣǰһǴ󱦱ˡ
ˣȥϹŴеʲôСҲŨŨĺ֮ģôصĶȻ̫
Ĭ΢΢ͷڴڴУһʯߣ֪ʯɽİأҲ˵ϹŴеܣĬҲһдһĨ
ʯϵѾˣ浽ûʲôΣգ˭Ҳ
Ĭؿʯڣ⻬ʯƺʲôûУǶһƺʲô̹ʲôɵҲǱ̹еעĬ΢΢ԴϸʯߣףﾹȻһСѽ
ղŵôһ貣ȻһСһ¸ҵػչʾôžϲѡǿɰС磬ĬȴС磬ܹʯȻʲô򵥵Ķ
СҲɱĬ⻰עСԴ̽˹ȻҲǿɰС磬ӦʯϵֲɣǺÿɰ
ȻĬСȷ࣬һɫСӰڴǰˢһ³˹֮ǷԼˣ
Ĭɺݺݵصɴ˫ۣ⶯ȫǺ͸ղŵĵһģһɫһСʲô
ʲô
СȴǲŭˣСһﵽ֪֪ʲôǿԳԵģʲôǲܳԵģһѰɫСһݺݵصС̣㵽ǻ򰡣ֲﶼԣҲ°ˣСĿͺڽѵԼҲëһ
ƫƫС̻С⻰ɵСĻһһգˮȵĴ۾ƺ֪һ΢΢СԴģǿɰˣ
ĬҲϳˣⲻ֮ǰǺС𣬾ȻС˹ҲԣС겻ΪС̵ں
СĬиӵĵǣҲ֪ղǿɫֲﵽûжȻֱӱС̸ˣЩСһʲô⡣
Ĭ΢΢üСֲ̳᲻ʲô⡣
лһĨâһ󼤶Ŀ䵽С̵ϣ΢΢ҡͷֲʯֲĺģп̲ŲС˵һĻи˻أʲôĵġ
໣ζóԣûУ˼һԣ
ؿǰѴҶȵˣԣС̾Ȼֱ˵ˡ
С̿ɲ֪еľȣڳ˸ղǿɫֲ֮㣬΢΢ԼĹĵСӣءһƺҲ֪СԼСһǴˡ
СӣС֪øУ໣˼֪أĺܺóԣ໡СҪ˵Ľ࣬ĬҲɱȻˣСϽӹС̣ЦЦ
СҲĬСرڻĬ¶һЦݣ໣ˣСһСĬˣԼҲ͸ôˡ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣôһһϲԼˣ治СǣԱ߿أ
Ҳˡ


132 ӣϹŴУ2
Ĭ⻰һǰС̸̼ˣһίĳĬƺԼǱĬˣһ۵ôܵ˺ǳӾĬŶеĲˣԼʲôŭԹһ
治СһˣԱ߿ءĬҲҿ϶ǲԼֱӳˣ᲻һ֮´ڹҧһڡ
С̵Դë׵ָжеĬ᲻÷ˣһС͵ǰǻһĨº͵Цݡ
СǿɰԺҪúչ˺Сһ
ĬСͻϣСҲźܶĲᣬиΪȷˣǲܰС̸
ȻľٶȴǲĬҲв⣬ֻǵؿһС̣лһĨᣬǰצС̵ĺ󱳣ƺڸĦһСŴˮҲȾһĨɻغһء
ĬС̸ߣȻûôڰһС֮󣬷˼ҪСиĬӡ
СȻѾԣ׻壬Ȼǻ̸ǺСҲ֪ʲôǴĽ
ĬҲżѾǵôˣȻҲһʱ䣬ĵصС̸̽ꡣ
ֻĬףһС֮ҲûС̵ĴڣһģĬҲе㷴Ӧˡ
ʲô˼㻹ҪҶ˲ɣĬӣҲɾˡ
֮ǰֳĶǺС̵̶ȣĬоһֻ渺ôĺӲҪأ
СһȴǲһĨõЦݣˣ׼Сһｻиأ
С⻰һ䣬Ĭѯ϶ĵ˵ͷʾͬ⣬ĬϻС̣úĶͺСһʲôƷһ
СؿĬлΪ֮ǰĬĻʾأˣ㲻ҪҪң˼һܹԵģԲңСԼצһʱĬʾġ
ĬòҪСһòˡ
΢΢һ۵ᣬôᣬôòҪأС̵ԴȻԸС̷ԼţǿʾĬΡתͷĬҲṼһƬ⣬ģһչ˺С̵ġ
Ĭ⻰ҲǷˡ΢΢ͷԼΪȷģСĬߣС˵ǸõĽܹӴӹ硣
໣ˣС̳ĬҡҡСβͣһģСжеԴˣ֮ǰһֱչСһһС̣ôأԺչأ
С̵ȻС꣬۵һۿıС꣬׽κ˶治˵ģССצӣϴϴϴˣ˼ҪСԭһոճĺӣʱҪҲǺΪˡ
ĬС͵СϣЦЦչ˺С̣ȥʯڡ
ΪҪĻǵõУղС̳ǿֲӦûʲôˡ
Ĭϸ۲һʯڣȷûʲô쳣Ķʯڣп϶Űأ
Ŀⲻһ⻬ʯʪˮĬָոմʯڣѾܵ˱ĸоƺһĻҲ֪ʲôȪˮģĬȻоԼڵҲ˲٣
ֲʯϵֲôĹЧȻǺʯϵЩˮѲϵ
ظʯڣҪȥѰһ㲻һĵطĬǰһǲԾһĨõЦݣˣ
Ҳ֪˶ãڸܵһ֮ǰЩʯȫһĵطм΢΢Щ͹𣬾ͺһťһȥ֮ͻᴥһȫһ硣
ĬһҲκԥֱӳ͹ĵطȥȻĬϣ˲һɽʼ
໣ǵˣСһʲôղŻܰȫɽ䣬Ȼһӵضɽҡͷм
ҲҺСٶȿ죬ǻ˱ʯԴΣգݺݵһҿ㵽ǸʲôˣС껳ﻹС̣ﴧ½˯״̬ĵϵοǲС
Ĭ΢΢˳ǣҲû뵽ȻĽѲɸղԼĲ²ⷢ˴


133 ӣϹŴУ3
һĬ״̬ҲǺܺãһ˿ȥǱͷϻŸղŶʯͷķ۳ĬΪǱʱˡ
ε̯̯֣ʾԼҲΣʵҲ֪ô£ﻹкܶذɡ֮ȽϵùĴ˻أˡ
Ҳǣԭ˼ȻĴзôεĵط͹ʯϵǹղжѾͷ۵ˣ֮滹̬İһװҲпܵġ
ԽĬо͸ҪõϹŴУǺĴУŶҲûô˼ЩϰˡĬҲҪ֪˵һôһһŰɡ
໡
һĿһ˲˲ضǰ鼤
Сܹ˼Ĭ˵˾˵Żһ۵СצָǰķĬһ˳ָķȥⲻһûд
Ÿղһضɽҡ֮ǰڷҲ¶ԼΪʵĿ
̻Ի͵װһһͺʲôûһ˲仯ΪɶǼֵǵľʯȴŸղɽıΪУһ˲ʲôûˡ
ԭ
ĬлһĨȻԽɽ˵ıҪõ˿˲ٹؿΪҪǣǿĵĶ
֮ǰԼ֮עȫЩ¹ʯ棬Ȼǲҵ࣬ǿڽǮƱĶҵɽİťǶ˹۲ĵĿˣһأҲеļᶨˡ
ЩǰƲɼãҪõƱҪ̻Ի͵ķ䣬ָɽΪԭӡ
ɣӡӲԶһԶĬȴǵõٻһĿ΢΢һķȥһǰȥ
Ĭ㲻ܲ˵سǰȥСҲĬһѺղôһڣСѾɽһԵĿ־;裬˭֪᲻Ǵʲôһ
Ҫ֪Сƽʱʱǰˣڻģܲ˵ˡ
ˣȥ
ȻһĬƺǰǸ˵֮⣬ʲôˣŲ쳣ᶨǰȥСںƴУҲһЧûС
СҲмˣȻĬ״̬ʶҪȥסĬ
ע⵽СĶһСǰԼʵжֹСĶ໡һҲ쳣
СеĬİΣһֵԼǰ棬Сջˣݺݵصڳơ
ÿȻҪҲ
С˵ĬԼΪҪˣ˺ĬһͳͳҪźһԲı䡣
㲻ԸСϣΪ˲СȥĬᶨޱȣ˵ʲôСȥ
СôţΪľҪ˵СˣһԼףһΪϴ˭˶Сۡ
໡һСʶһСӦ˵ʲôæĿڣϴϴǲҪܣҪ˵ĻǲҪȥţ˻ͺã
ҲҺʱСȻĬڵʱֱӴˡ
СһС߻ԭأˣһ˻ɡò˵ʱСҲĬһϣԼܹԽԽǿ󣬲ǿҵĵСзĲ¡
һĺһĨâϹŴпɲô򵥣ĬҪõиӲһ׵顣ǲ֪ʱСѾע⣬ȻһоĬʲôԾĵط͵һʱȥ
һĬ˳Լһ߽ķǻһĨЦ⡣ģȻǱԷȫԻסһǰ£ĬҲҲǰ
Ĭ΢΢ͷ۵׻һ˿âĿûȫɥʧǣɽ˸Ĭһؿɡ
Ҫô򵥾ԻסĬ־ǶĬһСҪ֪ĬСˣβóıԻˣΪСˣĬССջֲ֧סС
ȻĬֳӣȻҲҪԻɽ˵˼ȻԷܹԼ֣ҲӦһʶ￴šĬһǿҵ뷨ֻҪͨһأͿԵõС


134 ôУϾǣ1
ȷͬĬһղźĬɽһʶһĨʶѾǧʱ䣬ɲΪ˸ԼҵΪʺϵˣԼĴС
ɽǧ֮ǰѾﵽ磬ɽ磬Լı洫һƬ·ʧƴʱ䣬һĨʶΪ˵ȴԵ֮ˡ
֮ԻػһϹŴУлΪλ֮ǰ޳һֻ˷Ͻ磬ΪһЩԭ򲢲ܹһ뿪˵ʶ֮һһʹػ˵ĴС
ֻǴ˭Ҳ벻һȾǧʱ䣬ڽĬĵ
Ҫõ˵ĴУɲô׵顣֮ǰĬѾͨ˳ڵĿ飬õʶϿɲĿ顣
ɷǵˣһվڲԶĬľٶҪ֮ĬֻôлһĨڴôŵˣиҪֻǲ֪Ĭܹܲﵽеı׼ˡ
ʵ˻ǺϣĬܹͨ飬Ҳôʹįĵȴˡ
ĿοľĬֿջ
һ˵ΪҪһҪ˵ǽǮɫˡ
֮ǰĬȻѾס˶ԽǮջһοıɫĵֿ
ĬһǰţԽǵ棬˵ҲԽԽᣬԼһС֡
ǰǲԴȻĴ񣬶ߴĹԶ೤˲ɱǷ˻ľ裬ȫѾԶ˳ţʲô롣
ĬлһĨԣɽУôһ֮УǶĿⲻһ΢΢ҪȥԷˡ
˴ôҲ벻ĬûܵԻ󣬷Ŀ䵽ĬϣǿؿĬĶΪгֵ
ȻĬϣһǰȥٵĺȻһɫŮӣɵƱˣůƺѾȫһƬΪһ塣
һˣĬ̾һ֪ǻþνҲǲڵģȴ˿ӰĬλ˵ֱ͡˵ֻľһȫѾ˳һ㡣
ĬҲͣפ˽Ųֻվԭأפ˵һֺܺõܡ
ΪֹĬֱֶлǺģĬпκаĿ⣬ǿԿĬһȽֱˡ֮һлܶܶħ֮һɫջɣֿܵסɫջҪõһõĳɾͱǱȽˡ
ĬܲͨĿ飬ҪĽһҲ˼ֿ϶һ˼֮ˣ̫ĲԼһֱڵȴˣ
ȻĬ֪ǰλŮԼռ龹ȻɫջһϣĬһΣǲѡˡ
һֻƺҲǾ쵽ĬĴڣһ֮һĽֹ΢΢ͷĬӣǺЦһŰƴСԣϢȻ˲һֻþԭͲӦϣ˼ѵһŮ
һЦǣ˵ľŮӰɡ
ĬҲɱŮ˵崿֮޵ˣлŨŨۣһɵñסԭأֻɵؿŶԷ
Ĭı飬ŮӼƺҲǸе⣬شӵվϵĹطһߣ֮ϵĻҳһ׶ҲһֱУȻɵŮһĬһ˫ƽ޲ڿĬʱȴ˸ƵĹʡ
ĬһҲҶôվԭأҪԷ׻ʲô
ģŮӿȫѾԼķɸˣвɻһĨǰ˫ֻסĬļƵĿĬƺʲôԲԼһ
ӡ
Ů˵ͻ֮һԶ֮ŮӴһĸԣܰһĨĸоȴǸһǡôջ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ʶ˺һƿŮӵŮջ˵һõĸо
СŮԴ˵Ŀ⣬ƺԼղŵĶһһĬҲֻܱʾǸ΢΢ףôƺĬִ£ֱǸĬһؿŮӣģȫҲκδ
ŮһҲû뵽ĬȻԼջ֮клһĨâߵĿһĬ˵ӣūҰģҽעĹˣŮдŨŨĿ϶һ˲˲ضĬĬЩ˼ˡ


135 ôУϾǣ2
û뵽Ů˻˵ĻĬʾԼҲɻ󣬺ݺݵس˳ǣĿ䵽Ů˵ϣظһ飬ĹˣǺǣһϴˣ
ĬⱲЦЦˣԼҪȢŮΪޣҲҪ찡ȻһװжģϻһŮĬȢⲻ۸˼Ůӣƽ޹ñػ
Ĭôġ
ŮһƺҲû뵽ĬȻֱӾܾ⻰ѲϻֲΪɫջ˲ɣ
ˣūҪʲôūҶᾡΪʲôģƺΪ֤ԼľģŮ˶˵ͿʼԼ·ֱ۾
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣ⵽ܳĶȻûӵġǲȻһˣĹˣ⻹˵á˼һͬ⣬Ů˾ֱ·ϸڣҪĽࡣĬǱŮ˵Ķŵˡ
ֱƲͷȥ˿ӣӣ
㲻Ҫ촩·ĬҲЩˣ˵ôƯһŮӣôܹô԰أҪ֪Ů˵ҪҪѧ԰
½Ůҵ࿴ĻǷǳҪģһŮ˱ᱡˣֱҪԷȢŮˣλɾҪˡһϣҲĬкܿߵĵط
λⷬɣʵĬЩܲˡ
ŮŨŨɻĬӲαװĶԼûʲôȤľӣ
ŮҲͣϵĶĬ˫ۣҲ֪ԷʲôеŮ˲Ȱ˵ֻ֣ԹûκηǷ֮룬ʲôҪҰæֻ˵ǣ
ҲĬΨһܹ뵽ģһŮˣǶԴֵطŮˣǱİɣԼҪԼæɵĻҲܹˡ
Ů˲˵ڴЦĬӣ÷ɰ££Լϵ·»ָ֮ǰ߲ʵģһ߽಻ѷ
ѾĬҪԼʲôҪϷŪһ¶Է˼΢΢˼Ҿϲѽʲô󣬾˼ߺòãŮӽεεڶ𣬿κһ˶Ķİɡ
Ĭɲһˣ֪˴е뷨ӲԸˡ
ҡͷˣԼ磬Լ򲻿ô˵Ĭ޸ܰ
ҲˣѾ˶ԷǸ˾ӣѵԼ˲ϲ߶ǱܾˡӴе㲻ˣƵ𣬡ѵڹߵĻᶼûС
Ĭ˺һתͲõĻһСᱡ˶Է΢΢ҡͷĬ˼ڴˣԸ߱£ģɾһɣ̫ˡ⵹ҲĬĻһ˵ԼеԸҲ¶һĨɫ
һ߱£ģһԶӺ𣬿ɲǸղջĬ˵
ĬһϲԼѾͨ˿飬ڳˡһת˺ͰĿ⣬Ĭһһ񣬡Ĭǰ
˿ԽĬԽ⣬һԼصҲʧˣʲôкӣһο˵СŮֲöŮɫһ㶼ĶǸղĬ׳˵һѾܹĬΪˡ
ǺǣĬǰɣڻǰʦɡ˿һ㶼ȻҪĴУһʦûʲô⡣
⻰ĬһϲѾԼ˼̫ˣ
лһĨ⣬˵ǳ˹ȥһ׼ߵҲĬĶİõؽĬһߵݣͽĬݼʦ
΢΢ͷȻǸĺӣһͨúúãɣҵĺͽ΢΢˫ۣ΢΢ǻϲ
һһ״ǳŵĬУҲɴһĨ࣬ĬȻţŵĵӣȻҪŵĹ涨϶¶أ԰գڶԱģκΥ֮£ػ
ĬϵɫԽӹ˵ݹ⣬֣صصͷĬʦ̻壡
΢΢ͷϹ𣬡ãڴȥ̨ɣ컯
˷ɽʱɣҲһ𽻵ĬУŻ̫ҪĬȥҲ֪ԼǶԻǴĬ׻һŮôѹϣǷܳе
Ѿûѡ񣬿ûлͷ
ĬǲܹõеϿɣҪԼˡ


136 ôУϾǣ3
ĬҲ뵽ԼѾõ˵ϿɣҲֻǵõ˽νϹŴеĻˣԼܹܲõ洫һˡ
ֳ⣬ĬµĲ쳣ᶨһҲŨŨڴҲ֪˿صĴֻʲôӡ
ҾνĸĬžԼֻһԶĿ΢΢һƺڸԼҪеŵ֮£֮ĬҲôġ΢΢˫ۣܱߵı仯
ɵĬоȻĪϤУƺԼ֮ǰѾ̨ƺԭԼһȻǳȷԼûм̨Ӵ̨һӺ϶ΪһɲǼųĿĹʣһ۾
ǧǰѾܹУҲ֪ȻôҵЧɺݺݵصɴ˫ۣ۾һգգضĬķ򣬲õĹȫĬһ˶ǰһ򣬴浽Ƿʲô
Ҳֻѡȴǲһǿҵ뷨һĬı֮ǰܴеʱл˸ղ͸Ĭ⣬лӴϹŴУȴҲûȫܣѾ˼洦Ͻ硣
ʱоȻһ뷨˵ĬȫϹŴУô꽫ֻʲôĳɾͣȫ
Ĭǰһ̨ϣ˫ȣһĨĹʣ֮ı˫ۣԺƺкܶ໭渡ԼǰɵĬҲϵĳеעһĺݺݵ
һ죬Ҷģһ֮գƵ׸һ࣡Ůڶߣ欵ĺ治֪Ů˵ѪԭĺɫŮ˼Ѿ˸Ƶɣ飡
׷ɱŮ˵ȴǲЦˣǳ㵽ľȻҪ»һ磬ôɵ𣡡ǺǣҶ㻹ôɵΪǻתĻ̫ǿˣѾΥĹȥɣ
˵⻰ŮлŨŨݣʵؿŮ˾գΪĽҶĵطǲ֪ʲôطɢɣȻӵעŮˣֻ̫ѾŭˣҶ
ҶһʹЩνɲǵòȻļһˣǵļ֮ʵ̫£Ϊǿӵ߼
ŮŨŨĲʣԼҪǱתĻᶼûСڵȣǸˣȻԼ˰Χų⣬Ҷж⣬ֻҪԼվһͺá
ȻҶҪʧˣû
Ǻǣڵ𣡾ƾ㣬½һôӶģŮף˶а⡣زΪ񶾵ĻҶֻҪܹʹĵģ˿⡣
ҶһʹϸԼⲻصһ֮ԣԼӦȥţǾ촫ϲȢ׵ĳˣһŮˣԼЩΧʱ
һҲȫƣҶһĳˣеĻϲʱͳͳתʹޡһŮ˴Żжమһˣڱ˺֮ͻжôʹްɣҪһƽ磡
ҶϹź֮;ԲЩ˿ԿģҪôҶʵСҶڱȢʹ֮ҶҲѾûȥֿ˼ͷųе

Ůʹ쳹綼ɱҶͷų𺳵ˣصҪ˵ǿҶ𣬾ܱסԼѾܺˡ
Ҷڴ˷ģƽع򣬻磬һµ磡ӣҡĻҶȴô˵лһĨѪᣬѪ䣬⵽жôʹжٵİ㵽ŮԸ磬ȴ˵˺ӵĻ
ҶֿԼǣɢ磬ֻأȵһؾ۵ʱ»֮ʱ
Ҳ֪˶ã»ع̫ƽҶַ·ҲǱ˸һ㣬Ը±ἰ
ĬвһʹܿƵñµڸˣһĺʹʹɺݺݵս˫ȭӣ磡Ůأ
ĬҲ֪Լ˵ʲôֻеʹѾѵɽ̨ͷųһֲֿվڲԶѾʵﵽ˵˶вһֿ־壬ʶ˺һ
ĳɹˣ
Ҳ֪ǹ˶ãĬϵĹνɢ¶氲С˶ȴû˸ֱӿ̨ϵİѵ꣬ĬƺĬ
Сһʱ֮Ҳ֪Լǰǲǰˣǿҵĸо˲һˣ
Ĭ˫ۣܵˣһĨĿ⣬ǣ΢΢ôʶ˲ɣҲü·ˡ


137 ž
ĬѾɹõɽϹŴУҲ˽һ׮£΢΢ͷвһĨŨŨĳɾ͸УȻⲻԼĬĵӣɽʱһʦͽԵ֡
ĬǿȻҲлϲϸشһĬøܵĬʱƶѾ˸ı䣬ϹпǱĬ˲ٺô
ܺúܺãĬѾɹõ˰ɡǿ϶Цݡ
Ĭش̨һԾվǰһҾ˿ĬѾõ˺ܶϢλ˵ʱǹ
ʦѾȫõ˴֮Ĭ⻰һ㶼٣̨̺еѾȫĬգҲԺҲǡ
ֻ߿ô˵ЩԭĬԼĶֻǳ˻ˣֻЩҪ˵Լ׾ͺá
ܺúܺãĬúܺãѾ֪ҪôȥĬˣȻԼһֱڵȴˣȻõеѾ޷ĬʵˡдŨŨļĬļ
ĬǺЦתͷһۻǾδС֣꣬ЦЦǲʶˣ
С᲻ʶĬֻǸղɲǼȻĬǱһһˣСһڿĬģϤĸо»ˣһɣĬرסĬĸ첲ˣҺõ㣡
Ĭ΢΢ͷԼղǸӿǰСŵ˰ɣ֮ؾ𣡲Ǳ˴˶Ѿ任ģĬҶһˡ
İɣⲻûˡĬǻһĨЦ⣬СԴϵĳ֮һ㶼ڲء
ţˣСصصͷĬǳġ
ĬСܵı飬ҲɲһĨŨŨĻתͷվںһԼҾһֻѾµıĺҲҪѰһյĻ䡣
һഫжλȻҲźܶĳݣֱӳ˸мѣǰԼˡ
˲һʹлһĨ⣬ص˵Դ֮תĬĬԺͽչˣΪʦҲҪ·Ͻ磬ڴϽžۡŶ˶ԣ巴ǣˡ
һ˲˵ĬҲ壬С̻Լչء΢΢ͷʾףʦİɣĬѾСڴɽ
Ĭ΢΢ǳʲôԭɽ磬Ժĵ·ҲǸӵļȴǳ˸ֻս
ãܺã˿ǶĬˣɾĬΪͽֱ˵ⱲջˣԼõ˽ӵĲסԳһĨأҪĬ˵ʲôƺһӲ֪ҪźáĬΪʦһҪ㡣
˻Ǿ齻ĬȻѾ£ŵѾĬӲϵ
ĬһʦʲôֱӽĬȥֻҪĬܹģһΪһĬ˵󻰣жҲźܴĸжûˣҲ˳õС
Ĭ⻰Ҳ˵ף֪ԼῴˣŻҪĬȥˡ
һΪʦŵĴʼˣԴΪʦϽ֮󣬿Ѿ֣֮Ϊʦԭ׼ٷϽ磬ͻ̫ͻȻᣬѾͽ֮֡ΪʦҲûʲôҪģֻϣĬܹȥĴһҷĻᡣ
˿óĬϲĺӣŽеĬϣ˵һ׸ĬѾΨһиˡ
ĬƴǣȻ˵ĴڣȻ˵ԸȻɡ֣صص˵ͷʾԼѾˡ
ʦͷİɣĬһȥţ
ĬֻҪ׷ͺãܶʱҪԼʵܱ֤Լ֮·ӵĳͨȻҶеĬȻҶ𣬵ҲΪǰֻһ
Ҫ칬ԣԼȻҲü޵飬ҶɲΪֻҪԼʵȥˣͲõκˡĳЩ̶ǶԵģܶʱӵԼ׷ߣΪһҲһΪ顣
ҶһôܻᱻŪһɢĽ


138 ¶1
õĬĳŵҲҲûκεǣңһɣ΢΢ͷãⷲͽĬˣҲǵΪʦ뿪ʱˡ˵ڴҵӰԽԽȫʧ
ĬףĲڷϽ֮µһĨʶ˵ԸѾᣬʶ»ع鱾ʱҲ˵ڸղŵѾϽȥˡ
СвɻһĨȣҲˣϲ˵õϹŴУҲѾܾˣҲҪ·ʱˡɵСҲ˼
Ĭ΢΢ͷǰҲǸ·ʱˡ
֮£Ĭ̤;
һǺüˣСҲĸģص˵ԼС̵ԴתͷĬˣ˵ǵ׻жòܴﵽǰһ·Ǻİû˳档Ҳ֪ǸСǲѾؾˣ˵λܼأ
Сһ˵ȫͣˣ˸ƵĹʣ֮ǰСԼʱֳӣֻҪǸ˿ɶˣϲԼ˰СǿһĬȻԼôÿ˼С۹⻹ǲġ
ĬһСôһ˵ԺвɸֳǵӰĬǴɽ߻һѾ뿪ˡ˵ҲǵþãһֱûеȵĬѡ뿪ɵġ
ǲͬһ·ҲǾѣҲֵһ
Ĭ΢΢һֻҪڣ϶ѻ橸ؾǣȻദʱ䲻ǺܳĬһ׼Բһ򵥵ˡǻǵС˼ȫˡ
ò˶þͿھǺˡɵĬҲ˼ڴ
СĿһȴǲһĨЦݣƹƵؿĬĻҪСˣȻ᲻ҪСүˣǻ橵ǵ˼С궼ѾˣﻹҪһĬС
ĬҲɱһ£תݺݵҡͷʲôЦʲô׼ѧԺģǹȥԸһһȵѧԺȽѧԺѵŪˣȥҩϰɡ
Ĭ˵ľСҪĽˣǻھǶϼ졣ҿҪŶǸСϲ㣡һСȷɡ
úúãмǵˣûסСƵĿ⣬ĬҲɸоԼһ飬Ż˵⻰Ѿ˵ڣȻҲûջصĵ
ܿǼҲǵ˾ǡ
·ԷɢССȻʲôĶУԱߵһ𣬲Ҫʲôҵҡ
Һ˵ѧԺҪˣǰѧӿмͷԱһļΧһ˵µİԡ
ĬСǼҲǾһ·żȥѧԺʱѾ࣬һס֮㡣ɵԱ߼˵ҲĬעϾѧԺÿޣɲʲô˶ᱻѧԺյġ
˽һԼľҲһ顣
ȻԱһûйĬеϣܿǰһμѧԺҪҪעͳͳ˵˳
żʲôѽһ˵˵˿һԱ߼ˣȻһרעԼĻҲԽˣѧԺĲѡҲ֣˲˵ĹעСҲ׼μӽѧԺ佫ĵŮҲУһǿֿˡ
⻰ԱлһĨŨŨİԣھ˭֪С佫ĵŮϵһôã橵ĺ֣ҲܼǵŮ֮Ľ棬۸ˡ
ĬһҲû뵽ڴҵлôڴԼĶֶţƨʵĬҲò˵Щʧˡ
ǼҲͶ˿ˣҿ֮ǰڽϵ¹пܻΪһĺҲ˵¶һ־ͲСǾ˰Ų۾Աߵ˲ɲ˵
У˵ǹעŮСӲҲͶ˼ҹ￴ˡ֮ǰ˵˲ɺݺݵص˶ԷһۣԼеĲмһǸӿ橹ϾǻʼҵĹݾͲһˣԺ˭ҪȢ橹Ǿǰ˱ӵĸˣ˵ҲѧʵҲ˲١
Աߵ˻ڼۣĬѾûжȤǲܸԼϢ
ˣ˵橹أС굱Ȼ֪橵ģҲɴһ˿ڴǺܿͿԼˣ֪ʲôӦ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷרĳԷ


139 ¶2
橣ѧԺпˣ׼ôѽضοǺòײǰѻ橸ӹԼ˳Դϴλ橴ӹ֮󣬾ͺȫһһȫͶ뵽ȥƽʱľۻᶼпӰ
Ļ橷ضɲŨŨѹлֻҪĽͺãԼһ𣬲ŸʾԼĶׯ󷽡һ죬橿ʼˣȻҲ˺ܶࡣ
ǰ˲ٵĻ橣ھضе㿴ˡ
橵ʹԴҪٹѧԺ֮󣬾ͻͳһĿԣ֮ѡܹѧԺˣҲˡ
ĿⲻɴӰ⿴лһĨ˼мĬһģЩ˭ԸšֻлˣھǵĬ֮ǰĬ˵׼μӽѧԺѾˣֻ
橲ս˫ȭţĬһҪѽѧԺ㣡ڵĻѾǵĬĻˣôµĿ̿橵Ǳһ򲻴Ȼʵվ
ضҪˣԼͺںһľͷ˵һҲ֪橵ʲô˵ͶǸˣԷһ仰˵
橲ǻΪ谮СŮضͷˣʱҪŻ橻ϲȴʵһ
橣ôˣĲɵģضһ»橵ļǰľеԼߡ
תͷضҲɴһ˿Ǹ΢΢ҡͷ˼ض̫ˣղ˵ʲôϻģض˵ʲô
һ¥ȴǸҲ֪˭ἰˡĬ֣û橺ضע˹ȥ
һǿ϶֪ѧԺһرˡɫ·΢΢ǶżӶһ£ҶȤǼ˵Ĭǿ֪ܲѧԺ绪ĵҶǿ϶ӡҶѺ¼޵ңĶӱĬ
ԭĬ׼뿪ˣȻԼ֣صϣҲҪǶԼӴʲôۡ
С˶һۣȻʲôˣͻʲô޳裬˵ı鶼һģһ
Ĭ橲һûȷĬﻹеڶĬ
ԱԵȴǲʵĬֵҲôϤ˵ҶҾˣѵһŮ
ǵģ˵ĬĸҶѵȷѵһŮԺΪĵĵ˰ɣҶûѡ˵ĻڻһģˡֻǿϧˣĬȴûеõԼĸ׵ŴһֱǸķǰӲӻة֮Ůȥ˻𣡿ɲĬضĻ£Ҫ˵ةôðԼİŮ޸Ĭ
һһ˵ҲҪжж˰ɣĬɺݺݵس˳ǣ벻ԼѾˡ
ҲǿϧҶѶôŮˣȻһӰҶѿǾԼһţة෢ˣֱ˵ľˣ׻ĺ
Աߵ˲̾һ΢΢ҡͷ˵ʵҲףϾĬǸԼСԺӹϵǳȻԸͼˡ
ô˵Լضɺݺݵս˫ȭĬַھȻԼضһֱǶŴСķ緶Ȼֱӳȥˣֻʹްˡ
ˣҴ㣡
ضҲסˣһգ۵Ĺ򣬻橾Ȼ˵ͳȥݺݵؾסղ˵ĬǸ˵죬˸ƵĹâ
κĬ磡ĬǲǾǻĬǳһģһѾûмˣҪάԷ
˭ĬǸˣԺٸ˵ĬǸҼһһΣвҪΣ˸Ƶŭǰѱ˸ŵˡ
ⲻСôһᾹȻܳĬ˵֪˻ҪΪĬλСĶˡ
橺ݺвҲҷڣֻͷţҼǵˣԺҲ˵ˡҲԼ˵һʵˣȴǱСͱһ١һƽͷСϰգȻҶϻˡ
Ĭвһůò˵ʶάǺ˻ĵģ΢΢橣þò#####ӽ쿪ʼСһ¸ʱ䣬ҪϺ£ϰ˵ٸһ£ĵСɰǣһ۳ʮСӸһ£дҲӸӴ


140 ¶3
橲ǰһе㲻Լ۾ûпھվԼǰˣǺЦһ˫дķ绪˾ĬĬ
橶ɼЩˣʶɿ֮ǰץǸҥ˵·һ죬ԼôܹĬǰ¶ô׺ģһҪԼŵˡҲЩִٲˣڴĿĬ˲侹Ȼ֪ԼҪ˵ʲôźá
ĬĬ磬㣡һҲ˼ʲôһһ˾Ͷһ㣬дŨŨ˷ܣĬû¾̫ˣҾ֪㲻µģһֱڵ
һ橸ͿƲסԼеļ޲ð⼸еļ˼ͳͳĬ
ܵ橶Լ˼ǣңĬҲһůһһĻСŮļһᣬˣҶ֪ⲻǻˣʲô鶼ûС
Ĭᰲοˣڻ橶ԣֻҪܹȷĬúõģİοˡ
СŮܵ˰οĵҲڿԷ£ͺзһŸŵĴʯͷڿһˡһ죬ԼȻô˵棬ֱӱסĬֱ̫ˡ
Ҫƽʱʱ򣬻橺ʲô⣬һСŮôȫϧԼڣЩڵĶĬ֮ͳͳԱˡ
橲ǰһһõЦݣ֪ԼǶĶˡ˵ضĬţһ˫ˮĴ۾ڿĬ֮ҲŲ۾ˡ
īμѧԺĿпɣҲأԺǾͿͬˣһ뵽Ժܺīÿͺø˰橾ͺһֻͣĻһĬĶ˵ŸָȤţī磬ҲǸǰɣҴĴתתϤһ£
Ҫ˵ǣ橵ϤһСŮϲһ֮󣬾ͻȲҪͶԷָ顣֮ȫԼǺضһģڿĬ֮ʲô֪жֻһˡ
ĬǺЦ΢΢ͷã컹Ҫ橴Ĵתתˡ
СҲһ㶼̽СԴ橣Ҳ˵ˣһ㶼þš
橽㣬㿴ͰҸȫˣǵģ˼ҪӴ
橱СҴˣϲһ죬ҡͷҪ֪ĬпǶúǰҪõĬϲȻҪֺСáôأ橽ϲЦЦˣôˣһжҵġΪȻҲкһ档
ĬҪ˵ʲôŮȴһסеע
橣˭ô˻һ𣡡ضҲ쳣֮ǰ¥µԼҺҵ飬橾ȻһԾ̬ϻǾάĬģѾضкǲˬˡ
һӺˣ֮ǰԼʱ򣬻橰һҲ˵ӣڿһˣȶˣô§§ɺͳЩضҲֻ룬Ҳ˵
Ů˶Կк͵жԳ̶ȣ
Ҳ⣬ղžע˵ĬȻض˻飬оѾܲˬˡ ĬôãȻŮ˸˻ˣֱ̫ɶˣתһҲǺ£ȻĬǱŮ˵δˡ
ضվ橵Ҳûע⵽ˣһĬĿ⣬ⲻڴ橵
ҲԲǺöԸŮˣԼϲ˵ʱ򣬲Ż΢һʱ򣬲ˣǸûţ
ȻһضѾ˻г޵ŮˣлһĨâȻҶԲī磬պа취ī籨ȥ
ضҲһϻ⣬Ծݺݵüģ橣˭ҽһ𣡡
ȻضҲǺĬһ棬֮ǰҴһ棬һ˻飬۾쳤ͷȥˣӲ˵ǵĬˡ
ĬһȴǲһĨõЦݣضǵԼǼǵġǸǺܴةŮ˵ضҲӦÿ˵ðɣȫˣҲͦȵġ
ߺߣ㲻ʶĬǰͲҪ˼棬˭֪Ĭл᲻ỹضо飬ĻԼҪ޶ûеطˡ
ȻǻС壬ﻹܵסĬ
ĬǰһԼǰδްôҲӦҪкǣ֪Ǹùߵڵ
ض㲻ʶ𣡡
#####С˶ʱŴȵķʱ䶨ˣҼ¹Ȼһ¼ӸΪλտֹ


141 ضļı
ض΢΢һ㶣ԼôܻʶСͻôϤϣضҲô˵һƺŬ˼Լǰˡ
λӣǡ
ضһľĬ죬Լô벻мĬֻҡͷ
ضҲ벻Լ̬ȴǸûջˣɺݺݵս˫ȭĶΪĬƽŮ˶ͱ˻ˣȻԷʲôӶûмס
橿ضһۣдŨŨıӣŮˣȷ䲻ԼӢĬ硣
Ĭ΢΢һضͻ˻飬ʵвûжټǺ޵ģÿһ˶׷ϵȨҲûԼҪ˼Ůӵһض̬ʵеϲ
ĬĬ
˵ʵĬҲǺ棬֪Լ֮ضֻ¶ʲôıأ
Ĭض´һĬˣɲ˻ʱˣ벻Ҫ˾Ȼ׷ˡ
ضһţԼԲøּĬˣ֮ǰ͵͵ȥ˻Ѿ ַǳˣĬˡضţո׺ֳӣһ°Ż
Ǻòײź˹ϵò˶ãضͻΪӵ֮ȵӵǻƵۣԼĸµĻʺôܺɽҰķᲢۡ
ضлһĨ壬·㲻ߣͶôͲҪĺˣ
ĬҲ벻ڴдҹ㣬󷽵ة֮ŮȻһֻЫҪŮˣΪةǲԼȻŨŨɱ
ôĲǵһǵ㣡Ĭ󷽵ĿضȻѾ֪ҪǣôԾһ㣬ֱӱݲźá
ضָ׻ģһĨŨŨĺ壬ָģ¶ɫӡǣҲһ㶼ûоʲôԡ
ضԼ֪ԼϵЦݵжѿòײǿ¶һӲЦݣǺǣԭ벻ҲѧԺпѧԺÿյѧӶ½ΪǱ˲ţ㡭
ȻĻضû˵ڣеĺҲˣɲ˵ĬһͲܻᱻѧԺյġ
Ҫ֪ض缸ѾѧԺȻԼǱǺǿѧԱмҲһеȵˮƽͲסضة֮ŮԼĸѧԺе˶ٻǹ˼һضݣһضҲ˳˳ˮģλǸ𿼺ѧأ
ضһĨâĬҪͨԣԾǳ˵Ρ
һضҲˣֻҪĬһ죬ԼͲȫˣֻֻĬˣܻ᳹飡
оͲˣض˼ǺܿĬˡ
ŮƾʲôĬ磬վάض˵˵ʲôѽϾǰɣҼĬôͲˣĬΪˣ
橵ĶǶĬĳ֮飬ȻһСƴҲҪάԼһ
̬䵽ضУ͸ûаĬˣֱӾǰѻ橶ĬֳݸǱĬԻˡ
橣ҲҪ˱ԻˣķضĿƵ˵ĬʵʵΪ磬һûʵעǻᱻ˿
ض⻰Ҳǵ˵棬ָĬǸ֮ҪǵȦӾ͸ˡ˭ֻôɵƣһ
һԼֲóͱ˳ܵˣڻ򵥴취飬ɲǴһܣûдһܽ˵顣ˣôٴһܣҪж౩ж౩ˡ
˵Ĭһţôܻ˵ַ橲ս˫ȭкǲʣڼʶĬԸȺһ֣ѾȫĬΪԼż
һܹҲûгԵƣһ˻Ҫ˸ǷĻ橲ɾϿ¾ûʲô˰ɣ
ض΢΢ҡͷĵȰ˵Ż橣ƺǵĻ橻ᱻĬƭһ
橣ĬǾᣬǿ˭֪飬ôƭ㡣˾ǳһźÿˣ㲻Ҫ˵ıɱˡ


142 1
ض⻰Ѿž˵ĬһƭӣԼɫջ˻ĶڵǻԼôŮһֱԼ˸
ҲҪ˵ضһڵģһϾԿ쳣ȷĬţֻҪȱ˽֮һᱻ۷ҪŶԡ
ҲֻضĿŮ˲ŻĬƳȥŮԺȥںˣ
һ룬ҲˣĬһõЦݣĬ磬ǲҪĵˣҴĴɡ˵ҲĬͬͬ⣬ֱӱĬ뿪
ĬҲˣضԼһȤûУȻ˼ҾԼһǾ˼ôðɡĬѾʮˣȫе뷨
ض̬ȣǸӲûʲô󰭲ǡԾ΢΢üѲǻûеλû˺ɣ
ĬһʱҲ벻ͨеĵȻ벻ͨԺɣǸӲҲѧԺԺܻлԼһ̽
СĬǺ棬һˣеĿŮĿˣڴϺܿǴеĽˡС㶼ڲԼµĻϲһ˫Ưĺ۾һֱûдԼϲĶŲ
ҲƯأ
СһһĨɰЦݣȻǺϲ
Ĭ˵ֱӸǮⷽͲԼߵˡ
һ·ŸǮĬвл橵⣬ÿλǮ̬ȴǲûҲе㲻ˡĬ磬ζ˵õģҪ͵ģôǺŸǮ
СŮԹؿһĬҲˣǲĬ翴ѣǲΪضұ֤Ժ󶼲ضһˣҲ֪Ȼˡһ橶ضеԹ֮Ҳɼ˺ܶࡣ
Ĭڣ洫һϤѽ㣬橹㾹Ȼӹгˣ첻ѵˣ
橻ĬĴ𰸣ȴǱ˴Ӻ ܹ͹ˣݺݵص˶ԷһۣղضһֻһǱУܹʲôɫŹأ
Сȫһˣ֮ǰ·ϣ˸ӡǺܲģٺضȫһˡȻҪһԭҲ˵ѵһˣ⾩֮У֪жŮӶĴøˡ
Ը磬㻹ǵ𣡡СһСԴǰϻһĨõЦݡ
СϤЦݣһ۵׵Цݺ;ϲȫǿƲסɢǰһĿȴǲɿСˣȻǿĬ
һϲĬЦЦû¾̫ˣ
⻰ôôϤأ
Ĭ΢΢˵ͷǲˣҺЦЦܺá
лŸղضĻпǶԵ˶ûʲôøУŶһЩԹ
һߣ㻹֪Ĭ磬ȱˣԼҵ˲Ƕô۸ֵͣ˵𣡡
⻰һҲסˣȫŪ橻ô˵⻰
橹⻰ɲ˵ԼһңԲֿ˵ļ塣һϿʮȷţةһɲ˸ȥ
橱ĵĿһֻҲ˵ĳ֮ǰлܹˣڽ֮󣬻һֶˡ
ȥƭɣῴˣԼ⻰ɡ
ôһӣһĬվҪͻ橺úһˡ
Ҫ˵ʵΪεĻҪ˵Ĭˣ橻˵⻰ɲҪԼƽ
㲻Ҫô˵Щֲûʲôϵ
ĬԽô橾͸ҪĬģĬ磬Ͱ˺ˣضôܹô֣
⻰ҲѾһţԼСõ˻橡һҪ֪֮ǰ橺ض˵ĹϵˣȻھȻȫһģ
˵ضҲЩգһҪ˵һ飬ǿԼҲ㣬СĻ£ֱڼҸùⲻȥҲ֪ضȻԼһ˳ţֱȥ˻¡
һ֮⣬Ҳʲô׵ĵطˡ
˵ضȻãʵǲͬһĸԸϵĲҲܴ󣬴ҲԭġСضҲǲ׻кܴĲͬ#####໣첻С½ڷˣһֱûֱͨϲŷ֣ء


143 2
Ĭ΢΢һҲû뵽ض˻龹ȻةһҲ֪ȻˣȻҲûʲôϵˡ
橲ŲĹȻضƽʱֳģֻҪǸ˶ܹóضǿ磬˻飬Ҳ顣
Լһ֮õĻӦùܹضˣǼض֮ˡ
Щ橲Ը˵ȻѾ˻ˣѺܶ໰ŵ̫ѿˡ
ߣҲ˵ĬǼɡ橰ͷתĬȻһҪٵӡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷھǵ鲢ϤǺһܶ˽һЩ
һͣĿ䵽Ĭϣ֮ǰҲûпôض˻飬þӦҪ׷ԼҸһȫ͸ı̬ȣп϶кܶԭ
еʾĬϣ
Ĭ

ôɺϰɣ
ӾҲסˣѲվԼǰĬǱض˻µ
Ҳѹв֪ûк飬֪ضȻȥ˻£ҲԼٶǺܺãǵԼã˵Լ˾ֻӣǻôأ
һץסĬĸ첲ǰһĬ㣬Ĭɵжɴһ˿ŨŨľȡ
Ĭڲ¥ѾԼݣǰҲͲҪʲô΢΢ͷԣҾ΢΢˹ض˻µĬ
ԭѾ˲²⣬ֱ֤ʵ뷨еľȻԱ
ңҲ֪
һҪضˣĬôˣȴǻˡӵıĿɲûķضϣɵŮȴιа
žÿһѡˣ˭Ҳı䲻еĽ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷһļԼɲǸոǾͱԼʲôӣͦõˡÿʲôġ
㲻ЩҲ⡣
ĬԽô˵͸ӹⲻȥˣԼĬǰȻһӱñָо˸˲
橵һҲףòһˣѵǰ˵˾û
Ĭ磬ʵ˻ǲġʵҲã˦ضŮˣܹӭõأ˵⻰ʱвŨŨɬ⣬ɲָԼ
С겻ԱڴЦƯĺһĨ⣬ȻǺԼһģһλСǿԼѽǵ׻ǲ˵Ե֡
໣ǻǲҪ˵ˣҺСǶӶˡ
СڴǵΣ˵ŻһԼ΢ЩƽĶӣƺǶһ㡣СʳҲ˲٣ƺò˶þҪԶѽ
ͷȻЦЦöӶˣ֪һҲĲ˹ݣȥǳ԰ɡĬ㲻ֵܣ͵Ǹһӡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷة֮ӣԺ·ҲиӦȻ
˿һֻЦ꣬ĬȴԸܵжûʲô⣬Ϊض˻飬оԼпǷԼܼķ棬չԼһ㡣
һϣò˵Ĭˡ
ŮӴǶë׵ûκεֿղС˯ɵСĻҲûע⡣һСһ̽ԼԴһܵĻ໡һôģҪ˵жɰˡ
Ĭ磬ĳ𣡺ÿɰСֱӱǰС̸ɹˣҲǣС̳ÿɰ˰͵ϵһ
˾Ȼ˵ԼֻһֻССҲŭˣݺݵصһۻ橣¶ݣ໡
СһﵹҲǴ֪ô˵ĵطܱ¶ԼѾ˵ӣȻ»˵֮İɡ
ȻҲĬǰͽõ飬ҲΪСһỹǵá
֪СһҲ鲻ˣĬǰһСС̸ڻص˵С̵Դ˳ëСһﰲ
ˣԣҪⲻǲ֪𣡡
Ĭ˳ëСҲǰɵĬĻҵһλüɺá
橼ֱҪС̸ȻˣСؿС̣Ĭ磬ҿԱһ𣡡СŮдŨŨڴĬҲɾãԼܾ˻橵Ŀ룬һֲˡ


144 С֮ʰ1
Ĭ΢΢ͷ˵ɲҪС˵С̵Դԣ㱧һ㡣Ĭģûʲô⣬ͺںԼĳ֪һˣСпףԼڸС̲Ҫͻ
Ҫ˵һֻǣһǺĺᣬС̾Կ˵õѪͳˣټɽǱСǳǿòֵ֪Ĳֱǣܹ˵ˡѾγСӣھȻ橸˵һֻĻͲǵˡ
СһǱĬ͵˻橵ĻСŮСؽӹС̣§ԼĻУһ˫ƯĴ۾ͺһӱһ˸ƵĹʣһ˲˲ضŻСһóĺϲСˡ
Ĭ磬ʲô֣ȡ𣡡ȻѾֱӰС̸ĬĳˣҲĬֵ
˵һ㣬Ĭû⡣С̳Уһо͸ѣټԼѾС껹еԼ֮ȫûҪԼС̵˼ֻǵİС̵彻Լչ˵ĺӰˡ
֮ǰСҲǸСԼˣĬУⲻһƺˡ
֣ĬĿһֱСС̵ؽţС̵ʱҲûи֡
橹ǿĬӣоѾµˣɺݺݵƲƲ˫Ĭ磬iô˻ûбȡְɣÿСһûһ֡˵ŻС̵Դ۰֮顣
ȻŮӶֿ˶Կɰջ󣬹СȵСģѾһŶˣ޲ðСһһֱڻ
С̿Ǵأ֮ǰҲûоʲôһᱻôһ˵ҲǷӦԼûһ쵱֡ˮԹؿһĬƺڱԹĬȻûиȡһ֡
վԱ߲ô˵Ŀһ˲˲ضŻ橻Сһ۵ȴǲһĨŨŨľȣɫСһôԽԽǹһֻǣճûжõС̣
ԺвɱǸֳ֮ǰĳǺɲǸһֻСǣǵʱעսҲûй˼СǵԽԽֻССһֻС̣
Ĭǡ
Ļû˵ڣһӺֱӴǵĶԻ
Ůˣ㻳ʲôңǮҸˣƺ¼ûʲôġ
ĬһвɻһĨҪС̣ǺôĿ
Ҷʶתӣ˵Ůˡ
ֻ٣ͷбһ֧õ徧޳𽲽ҡһϮ°ɫʿ˿ϴһ˫ЬСѾͷţģֱ˲µӦʲô˼ҵİСˡ
΢΢°ͣ¶µĲؿĬһˣǲмɫƺ˵Ѿûݡ۾ڿС̵ʱ۵ײŨŨƺ̰
ΪԼĨɫεĺܺãͳͳĬС
Ĭ̾ϢһһͦƯŮӣֹΪϲᡣ
橴СǱųģʲôʱ˸ôƲˣ
ʳ֮Уû˸ټĬվԼߣ͸û橲ڶˡʶС̵ĸ첲յĸˣ˺Ŀ䵽ϣ˵Ǯ㵽ʲôˣ뿪
ƱˣŮ˲ǺܽùȻҲᱻ˸ȥ
ûԼòĶǿŮͷСˣëɫĿȻһֻΪѵõޡöоϲǣ̱ЩߣûȥԼǰһĳһ˷ѡ
ţԼõֻС̣üֵԭζΪ˸ԼѰһֻʵΪԼԼޣڿС֮Ѿע⣬ȫС̸Լ˽ˡ
Ż⻰ȻֻС̣ŨŨŭ⻹ǾǽϣʺֱӶ֡
ƽ𡣡ƺǾԼûаǮ˵öԷףеǮƽ𻹲ŮĶ
ȷƽ𶼿һֻȼˣͨ˼һӶûмôǮɼֱˡһʱ֮ߵҲ˲Χۡ
ĬһƽŮ˵Ǻܻơ


145 С֮ʰ2
˵Ů˲֪С̵ļֵ˵ƽȷѾǸļλˣϾһֻͨĳļ۸ĻȷҲǿǷС̡ȻŮǷǳС̵ļֵȴһۼ˾ǰǵɵƭˡ
Ĭ˵Ҳһ˶ˣȱǮҪԼĳͳȥĿһݣؿ򶫷㣬΢΢һ˵ǺǣɣҳǧƽΣҲ㣬͸ūţʲô͸ʲôΣ
С̣橸ǲµˣ˵ǮǮǧƽԷ죬ɲ˭ĵ˵⻰ҲԼܲóǧƽҪŮ˵İ
һԸоԼǱ˵Ľ࣬һݣضŻ橵ףȻҪס˶Էĳ֮ñȥ
˿ģСѾͷֱͦȵϳγϻһˡ
ȴǲЦˣ˵ˣҪ˲ɣ
Ǻǣ컯֮£ǻڻʳǶɣ
ҲǱˣȻҲô嶯ʵС̶̫ǿѾŮ˼ֻֻȻʮС̣˵ʲôҪõ
ĿһʲôԵأ꣬ϣһҪǳγţǿѾͷԼһţҪһӣֵԲѾʿн׵ˮƽȻҲŮš
񶫷ȻǵʵŸ
˿ǴСǱţΪ˱ĴڣֻжһˣȫҪǵˡ
˶һ£νԷ橡
ǺǣǵӴ󰡣ԷΪ橷еЦˣûӵľûмôûӵģӽ£ⲻ鷳
Ҳ˵ʳǽһֱڽѲߣΪ˷ִֹҶŹ¼֣վҲԲܿ橺ͱ˶ֻ˿ɡ
Ƕ𶯣ǣ橱һŰƴСȴǲɻһĨƵĹʣԼʱѵĳɹˡ
˵СŮ˿ɻǼǵԼﻹС̵ģµȻᵶŪСһͲˣذСͻĬС
Ĭ磬㿴ҵСŮӣĿ䵽Ĭϣ֮תͷȴǿƲסؼһ뵽Լ˾Ա߿Լڻ˵õĹ
ĬؽӹС̣΢΢һ뵽֮ǰ˵ĻҲŬҲҪʶһˡã
Ǽ򵥵ļ֣ȴǸгˣʲô£
СŮһĬǲҪԼܷ飬վһĹ֧֡ҲõԼ򲻹˼ô죬ⲻǻĬں
һԽţٴζ϶µѾͷʮ㣬һǺǣ׻˵ùȲˣ
㣡ˣȥɡ
һֱǶѾͷټԼ˵ʵһ˶Ҫֱ棬ھȻһСѾͷƭָűһԲɣ
ĬʮһһҳŻ橹ȥһܵĻᶼԷһʹɱСĬһ΢΢üģĿһ˲˲ضŻߣһемܲסԼǰ
橣һȴǲɺݺݵСʲô飬Բýʶǳ߳ȥ
Ȼȳ֣Ĭֱǰ˻֮󣬾ȻһʱҲûа취ѿĬвɸӽˣĻ橻£ĬſңҲܿ橳£
Ҳжٰϧ橵˼ԼƤӵ³£Իةฮ鷳
Ȩˡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷİɣµģȿ˵
΢΢һ㶣ĬûתͷĿȻǰսгӣɱҲ֪ΪʲôоĪĬ˾Բ˵Цĵ
š֪橶Ĭĸ飬ĬڣҲλ橱˸۸ˡѧĬӣŻ橺Ů򶷣һԶҲûԳܴľ
Ҳоһ£лһĨŨŨľȣ벻ôһʱŬ橵ʵѾô࣡
橹ʱȷǻ˲ٹˡһ̾ĿȴǲԾ䵽Ĭϡ
˵һôĴڣǸΪǷĬϮתûΪƴ飬ĻԣҲѵ橻Ĭˡ


146 С֮ʰ3
̬ȣһҪˣСΪˡСѾͷһпʼҪôԸˣҲС˭Сܣһ;Բ̱۸Լˡ
ȥʰһǸŮˣСĿ䵽ϣ⵽˵˭ͲҪ˵
ĬһŮ˼Ȼ橺ϲôǳȻҲǸǲãȻҲɵͻʼҵԡĴС㶨ȻҲμѧԺˣȥ
СҲ΢΢һ㶣ղĬûȥԸŮˣǷŻһȥǸԲôŮȴԼ֣ԾŶ㣬ѲŮϻʲôһĶɣ
ĬСֱӳ϶㣬ǻһĨĪЦݣﲻ֪γƺ
һϮɫĳںڵĳһ򵥵ľ¶һžµգǷĲ絶һˣһ˫ʯ˸ƵĹʡﱧǺɫС̣۵͸һĨᣬ˫
㾹Ȼô˲䣬ͺǱʲô˸Ѩλһãֻɵ㶵ĶĬǺÿգһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲôǰһ澵ӵĻһῴԼһСȻڿĬʱˣ
Ȼˣ
㿴ĬգһȴǿƲסؿоȻһĪĸоԭϾȻôÿˣӦôͶԷ˵
϶ģĬȴǿƲסǳ鴤ʲôŮĿԼöԷǿˣ
һϻǱĬ¶ˣɲ㾹ȻĬһ飬վĬǰСŮﻹ֮ǰһ߰ȻһɬСŮˡ
Ĭ֪﷼ĬòظһղŵĻԼɻɣǲڼװԼ̫ÿһͰ˼СŮ˸סˡ
ĬʾⲢԼҪĽ
ʶ˫ģĸо˶ҪһһԼεεǡô΢΢СԴ¶ĺ󾱣СŮӶ㣬蹫ӡ˵žȻģسĬһ
¾Ҫ֪㲻ϲĬˣղŻһֻ˴̼ĸϻһ¿˵СŮˣı仯ʵ̫
Ĭ΢΢ͷԭǶ֪ɷ񷽱ͣһνĴ򶷡ԭҪ֣ڵﻹҪܵġ
Ȼһ橿ǲͬˣŮ˴򶷣ʵ΢ôһ㣬Ҳ̫ʹࡣ橻ֳܹһ˿עĬϣȻĬǸɶĻŮ˵Ů֪ܵҪĬ磡
ܺã
쵰ǻָʰҪļˣһҲˣֱӴ˰æԼսĬ߳
Ҫһ㣬ĬҪŮ˸ˣ޶ûеطȥ
쵰Ҫҵī磬Ҳͬͬ⣡橺ݺݵصŶ㣬񶫷ڻжѾΪ˵Сˡ
˵ֱ§סĬĸ첲ĬߣĿŶ㣬Ŀʾ⣬ģ붯֣
Ĭ橸ס첲ⲻǺúõڴܣôһử綼ˡ
Ĭɻ󣬾ԱΧ۵ȺҲɾˣ˵õľմ̼أôȻŮһĳˣҲǳ˰ԵȤ
һ죬ǺȻĬվԼǰҲ˵ʲôֻίĿĬϵͺڿ߶Էһ
СŮҲǶһγԶţƽʱʱҲûмʲôˣŻᵼ¼Ĭʱ򣬾ͿƲסرԷķˣոסˡΪʲôǾȻӵˣ
蹫ӣղŲһᣬˣ֪蹫ӵĳ˵ŶĬ˸ӣȫһԻĻ橡
ǸŮˣôԼΪԼıȡ档ĬŮ˵Σ¹˭һж֪أ㿴еˣеĶûʧֹ
ŶⷬģоֱǸղѾ˵ôĻҲɴһ˿ʶĬĬʱҴǲ²̨
ĬɫĪĿ⣬橲һϲĬ׼˵࣬СŮף۵׻һĨϲɫǲǴʵĬҲѾ֮Ĺϵأ
ҲҺĬɲ֪еⷬ뷨ȻҪˡ
ǺܺãҲҪǸȢС


147 1
Ĭ΢΢ͷĿڶʾȴʶһĨУŮ˲ʲôöԸ͹ļɾͱȻҪǿ̫ˡ
ŶҲ֪Լղŵһֻ֣ûĬøУҪԶԼˡ
ﲻضСҵѣǮҶ۵ġĬ΢΢һָʶḧС̵Դ۵ᣬȻҶѾע⵽Сֱ̣ӳˡŶҲýǮԼѰɡ
һͣĬЦЦ飬ϵɫҲôÿˣԭ˾Ȼ֪һֻǣȴܵסջԼ˶Էģ͸öˣ
ԭһֻС̣ˡҲ֪ļֵʱҲֻô˵ˣȴǲһĨΣԼ޳軹ҪҹˡҲûѵıҪˣֱ˵ղǿСҲΪǣûбԼȷһˣ
Ů󷽵ģ˲øС
ĬҲһ㲻ԼѾ֪һֻ̣ҪҲ˵ʲôسԼ˼ȷʵǱЩҵҪúúܶˣ
С̿һص㣬ŶһͶȥһӵĿ⣬ƺڱŮ˵ġ
յС̵⣬ĿһͷСǾǳɾˡôɵĬĻҲѾˣĬûԼֻСǣҲѾˣշֻС̡
˶С̵˼
ȴǲɱݺݵؾȵˣĿ䵽С̵ϣղŻ˱ֻС̣ȻһֻǣҲ˵ղžȻһֱǣ
Ĭ磬һֻ̣һԼĿ䵽С̵ϣǾȣС̣ѵǺֻСǣĬȻֻСǸ˳
֪治ҪûЩˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷԣ
С̿ǻǵþ֮ǰɵŮ˾ȻԼһֻǶһֻǵ裡ƳһСŮˣ֮תԴеĲм֮Զ׼
£ĩȼٻ빫𷣣Ѿͽշ빫ʾ¡˽Ӳ𣬿ɲǸʳǰĪѺŴСѾͷ
һȻ֪ʼһӳ֣ﻹѾͷֵĻᣬлŨŨĽƺڸ߶ŮˣûʼҵĹŮҪʲôԼȡֻҪ΢еӵˣ׵Ҫôѡ˰ɡ
㲻΢΢üڴѾͷ黹ǲһġ飬ĿеؿĬ˵еĺȴǸˡ
蹫ӡ
橾ıǶһˣƫƫСŮ˳ģôģСŮ˵ȴϲģԷۡڹг󣬶ֹ֪ļơ
Ŀⲻ䵽ĬϣĬ᲻ҲϲģŮأ
ŮôţˣָоһǺܺˡȻһĬϣһ㶼ˣֻԴֱۡ
橲ڣͳҲţ˭֪СЩʲôһĪͳţŻ橵ĻظأŮ˵Ϊһ˶ȴЩµˡ
΢΢ҡͷǰһɫĪͳ죬һˡǸˣִ˶˭ûкôҲĪͳΧ
Īͳимͷʾ⣬ȻةҵĹԸҲãһ㶼鴫
ĿڣĬĿһ˳Ļ˵ȥصͷһᣬɢ˰ɣΧҲáĿת橣ھҪ橵˼ˣ΢΢һ˵Ҫҵ𣬰ʱ˷˾Ͳˡ
ղĬ⻰ҪȰ˵橷Ź˼Ȼ⻰橻þ͹ˡǻ˲һɣĬлģ֪ðŮˣжԶԶˡ
ϲһĨõЦݣصصͷĬģǲЩ޹ؽҪ˷ʱ䡣˵תͷĪͳ죬ȻĬ翪ˣãŹˡĪͳ鷳ˡ
ĪͳҡͷҵλСлֻҪλƢôõСѾҪллˡⶼ΢Ӧģһӣ⣬ſ˽СѾͷ
õɣˣһʱߵԼߣؿŻ橡ǻҪ˵ʲôҡҡͷֹǵĺҪ˵Ļ


148 2
橲ùܱôģھҪĬԼȥˣ
ī磬߰ɣСŮĶ˷ܵɫ
ɳ˳ǣоĪͳ쳯ԼͶĿ̾ϢֱһǧƥڶλС֮ʲôϵûУȻ˵ٶҲûл⻰ɡԴϴΰѻ橸ƽͻع֮󣬼е˶û橺һԵˡ
ҲͲһݣȵϴͻ֮λ橹Ҫةฮˡڻ橵ͺǣ壬˶ó橺ϲĬһǲǱʾڻûм޸֮ǰѾͷϴһñӰ
Һ橹ֹϵСһֱϲ˶֡
кΣƽ޹ʱôһҲ쳣ӡ
Ȼⷬͣ䵽ĪͳУֱ϶ǱСˣҪάСĪͳǰһļ򣬡ֵܣҶ㣡ʲôͷҪҪҰ㣡
Īͳ첻ɿĬòǳһźÿԭþѾǺܺÿˣڼĬ֮󣬾һ˶ɾöԷÿˡɵҲܹ׻ΪʲôĬжˣŮ˺ܶʱӾ׷󳤵úÿġ
ã
֪˵ʲôźãӲôһشҲĬȥĬϴһҲѾþˣֵܵܲʲôʾ
Ĭһɣںλ橹һǸϲһ𣬵˵ͷļ򣬡ѽߣֵȥȼȥ
橺ݺݵصɱ˵ĻɻԼѾ橸˰ɡΪ˲ûʲô˵ĬҲһֱܼǹ㣬Ǽһ𣡡
橵ɫҲǺÿһ㣬Ĭߣ֮󲻺úҶԷ鷳
ǣĬ磬һ߰ɣ˵Ż橱סĬĸ첲ͺһСһ׽֮Ա
ӲˣĬţ߰ɡ
㲻Ծ΢΢üǿĬˣԱһ𣬶Ҳ⣬ϻŮ˾ȫһˡνмۺ죬˵Ĵžɡ
蹫ӣҿɲԺһȥ㲻˵ĿĬκһ˶ѾܾһŮɡ
˺һźܿҪһѪȷ磬鲢ʺ롣ǰԹ۾ͺãͻȻɾãʵúÿҲһ鷳飬ǿĬڵıͿ֪ˡȻֻĸо
ĬĿ䵽ϣŮҪʲôĬʶҪͶйĽӴ˵ദģȽϻŮӱȽϺദ
Ĭ˵ӣڻ橵оͱԸŮ˺һģ
橿ɲͬˣòײ¼ĬôŮ˴Լ£Ĭǰ棬˵Ҳͬ⣬ǲͬ⣬һ𣡡
СŮ˰ؿŶ㣬˫ֲģҲǿɰ
ؾĬҲҪΪٶˣðԼǰ鷳εؿһ۶㣬ǼҪ۾ۣ²϶ˣٻɡĬǸضԻ΢΢ͷѹʧҲûп
һͣ벻ĬȻԸѡŮˣҲԸиŨŨĲʡ׷ŮˣĬԽǱֳԼûȤǸӼ˶ҪõԷ
ĹɵصͷĿһ˺һǼȻˣˣǵ۾ۣŮ˿ץסĬһ͵ӣôϡȥأյһܻлᡣ
˹ɶ£Աߵ˶ĶˣǿŶȴҪǿ׳ᶮ£ɵһ޲ǰݺݵذοһҪԼĬͺˣһһѹ
ֱĬһ˵֮ǰ˵ķ꣬ﻹûСŮ΢΢ź촽ؿĬҪ˵ʲôȴֲ֪ҪôڣֹӾĬŶҪżˡ
橣Ҫ˵ʲô֪˵ɡ֮Ҫ⡣
Ĭ⻰Ҳڿ˵еˣȻ֪Լƽϵӿ϶ɰԼϲˣͿƲס
Ĭ磬ҪǸŮ֮󵥶ۻ𣡡
СŮдŨŨĲˬƺĬȫǸʼĳˡ


149 3
Ĭϻ橵ȱȱĿ⣬Ҫο橵˼ֱ˵ᣬŮļ̫ʺ
Ǳòˣﻹ˵ôһˣȫûбԻ󰡣վһԵҲɻһĨȣĬȻ˵⻰ϸϸ˼ȷԹߵĽǶŮ˵ȷʲôŮˡ
õһǻˣɺݺݵصͷͺСһ϶˵ԶԣǸŮĻôأҪƭС̣һҪѣ
ôһҲɷˣĬһϲˣ˵ҪŮĻ鲻ɴãһѾֱųˡ
СԼɴĬĻ΢΢̽СԴĿһۻ橣ԻôͲû橻ԼǱͷС̸أ
Ĭ磬СǲǺĺᣬôСһʮ㣡橿ǼΪϲС̵ģһ˫۾ǻᷢһؿĬжĬǷֿ֮ľǹģĬ磬㱻֮ᷢʲôҲþˣһֱûпԲŲò뿪ˡ
ڻʱĳлǷǳѹǶ˵ĬѾˣеյȻҲǷǳˡ橲ܽǱǸˡ
ڿĬƽ߻ֻᣬжĬľ֮Ѿĳɺˡ
Ĭ΢΢Ƕʱ䷢飬ԼҲû뵽ԼȻɽһǴµʱ䣬еջҲǼΪʢġ
һЩ飬ڶƽˣС̽иң͸ˡɽ﷢飬ĬʶһЩҪ˵ǾǺܺõҲҪʲô鶼˵ÿ˶Լܡ
΢΢ͷֻҪĬúõĻѾõĽˣĬ˵Ҳ᲻ʡ
ţĬںúõģõˣСҲܿɰأĬ磬Ĳ׼Сȡ쵱𣡡橲ɰѸעС̵ϣһ۵ʱ䣬ѾֻСǸȫԻסˡ
ĬС̱ڻһС̵⣬СһҲҪһ֡С̳ĬصصͷƺڴߴĬԼȡأ
ţҲӦȡ֣ʲôأ
Ҫ֪Ĭɲⷽ˲ţСڴ⣬һЩˡ
װ
ĬһԴȴǸĬһѣصصͷϲĿС̣װֺܲأС̣ϲ𣡡
С治˵ĺ˸ƵĹʣȻֻǷǳġĬ˵ͷСצ˷ܵڿҡţɼСһĻϲˡ
ĬȻҲǼΪģ΢΢ãͽװˡ
С̵ϻһػ棬һװҲСһá
λ̨Ҫлæȡ֣ĬϻԴһĨ˷ܵЦݣĿˣһô㣡þòˣ
İҹ
мǸˣĬΪǴһ֮󣬾ҲԵּˣھǼԷпƲס¶ϲɫ
İҹĬ΢΢ͷ¶͸һĨϢһſϾͲֱд⼸ˣĬȴһ㶼Ӱ죬ǰһģǻǿŶҪˡ
İҹȥ֮ôˣӦö˰ɣĬȻһİҹļϸһ۶Է˵ʵ˺ܶడ
İҹţò˵ĬҲɺݺݵؼˣԼҲǵˣİҹ֮ȫˡ
Ҫ֪ȼԽߣҪȥ͸ˣĬͿİҹʲôʵµȻ˻ôᣬֱеˡ
İҹֻǵؿһĬԼϵֱۣü΢ʯмһĨĪİâƴžǧ֮Į򣬡ſ
ĬҲ΢΢һ㶣һʱ䲻֮İҹôԽˣĮͺûмһǻ빲ûİæﻹܺúõվӲ˵շһˡ
ڵǺˣʵȥˣԾǿ
Ĭһջشİҹϵĸ첲ߣžͲţΪһϡˣİҹԽԽѽ
ĬһһİҹؽԼ΢΢üĲԽšˣС˶ʶԼģǵöԷ˭
ڴ𣬡˭
ĬסˣתŨŨŭǻ᲻ɵ˵֪ҴܵЩǲȫ˳ˡٴμ棬˾ȻֱԼ˭
޲úݺݵסİҹĲӣĬҲɴһ˿壬һ䣬Ĳʶˣİҹ㲻ʶˣ


150 İҹ1
ѹֵӺĬѾЩҧгݵؿİҹˣվԱߵĻ橶ܹܵĬеĲˬȻҪǰοһĬԱ˱ϢҲӲԭزǰ
İҹ΢΢üĬǲˬ飬һѵԼʶһ㶼벻ˡ
Ǳ˸̬ȶİҹǱһ˦ȥˣǶĬ߲ѵ飬İҹһͣƺԼһҪˡ
ʶĿ䵽Ĭϣ˵ǰ˵ӣЩ鶼ǲˡ˵ֻһЩ飬İҹ˵ûжӰ죬ؼǵԼ˭ʲôˣҾ˵ķԼٶȾȻ
ȻİҹڿĬ֮ȴǲܿ϶뷨ˣⲢһܷ顣
İҹشĬȻǷǳģܹİҹΪλԼô䵭ԭˡſһİҹĬε̾Ϣһ˵Ҿôرˣ
ȻĬҲⲢİҹôģҲûа취黹ǺòѽͺԼһֱһˣǶԷһת۾ͰȫˣָоԺܲá
İҹһ֪ΪڿĬʱоĪϤУԼԭĬˣԾŨŨıǸ
һɽһˣȻĬʱҲ¶ŨŨǸ⡣
˼ҿʶ𣡡İҹԼҲûз֣ĬʱеĸȫǲһģϣԷġ
Ĭ̾Ϣһİҹ⻰˵ʲôءֻ΢΢ͷһĨЦ⣬˵ļ򣬡ߺߣ⻹ķϣξԭˣοҪסҵˣûһΣ
ȻĬѾ˺ÿЦݣİҹҲ΢΢䡣
ᣬҲ㡣
ǲ࣡Ĭ΢΢ͷİҹⷬӦ⣬ĬĬҪסˣ
İҹظһĬ֣ŬָУһҼסˣĬֵʱİҹͲˣԼһʲôʱмԷȻһֻôϤ
һˣĬԤϵǸŮ˾μѧԺԵġСӴСѾͷǲѰ·ֱӴӴ߸˽
橲ɺݺݵس˳ǣǶ¥ЦЦȻֱ˽ʵЩˡ֮ǰЦЦҵӡһСЦЦͬѰľٶƺҲôˡ
ȻһȴǲɺݺݵüģҪ˵ҷȻǺĿλҲͦƫˡղ·ЦЦûкһǵһǣЦЦͨʲô취ҵǵأһУĬһصɴ
һһЩͳͳҿ˳˽ĬһôˣҲΪˣлôҪȥ˼ǵĶ
ĬתС꣬лһĨȻҪѶҲһ׵顣
ҲҪѧԺİҹӺһĨĪĺâȻҲѾʼµ˼
Ĭ΢΢ͷԣҪѧԺʮּᶨһѧԺѵˡôأҲμӱѧԺ𣡡
һ㷴ĬиӹעˣĿضİҹȻҲͦáİҹҲμѧԺпԺ󻹿ͬܲѽ
Ĭô˷ܵӣİҹȻЩĸ෴Ĵ𰸡
ҡͷ˵Ҳ׼ΪѧԺѧ
ȷںܶ˵ѧԺȷѾǼ˲·õԴҸν̵ʦһǶЩİҹӵ˵ûжܹΪİҹʦ˿ҲްɣİҹѧѧԺҲû
ЩϧˡĬ̾ϢһܿǵҲûʲôϵԺǻǿԾ۾ۡˣں𣡡
ϿİҹƺûʲôˣĬʶĵ˵
վԱ߿Ĭɽ˵Ĺģ һĶǾĬǸŮӣҪǲǿˡ橱ʾԼǳԴѽ
ĬԼҲûע⵽İҹʱ򣬱ֳȫһģΪ֮ǰеĬϣĬڿİҹʱ򣬵һʱǰѶԷһܺõѡ


151 İҹ2
İҹ΢΢ԼǵĬˣԷȴǳ˽ϣĬģֻҡͷѾûˡ˻࣬ÿζĬ˵һѵĻֵİҹʱֻ򵥵ļشˡ
СȻҲѾע⵽İҹĴڣһ˵˺£ԼѾǵеС꣬СѾͷȴǲŨŨս⡣ֱڻûзµںһ³ԵĿⲻþˣ
ˣֻϻأСǰ㲻ˣ˿ԼԺһ֮飬ʱҲûпһⲻֻİҹˡ
İҹĿ΢΢ϻ֣ȴǲ΢΢Ӧ֪СѾͷĴϻ˵˭ˣƺֻͦһͦġںԺ
İҹСһΪǺܴĺһҪˣԸԼûйİҹȻҲԼһۣ
֮Ŵ֮ףȴǱԼϵ˵ǴһŲĶҪһˣƫƫκβ˶Է
һֵʱ򣬾ѾİҹǿԼˣԼ֮Ѿγι̵ԼһȫûȥԼĵ޽ᡣҲΪǱߣİҹûΪɭ֮ĺһǹԹԵذİҹ˻ȥ
ȵİҹٴ֮󣬾Ȼз飬ԼʲôʱԼһֻһǵˡ
һİҹУֻһɵһҪԼ϶Լעʱ֮Լ
ֱںһǵİҹ֮󿴵Լĵһۣ˾һ䣬Ȼôϻ֮һô˽Լ
һмֱһǧƥбڶ󲻹ô֮ͣ϶һ飬ܱô˵ı䡣һôرԼ˸һֻϻ
񿴵ĬһһӼŮ˿֪ģһҪŻһװ
໡
һĺХأվںĻ橲ϲҰܲѣôôһͷϻ֣֮ǰѾľսˣɭ֮͸ӵˡ
СǰһԼҪһأⲻˡСŮһԾﵽ˺һϣǵЦݣǺǣһþòѽ
һһʶҪСԼ˦ȥǴ֮İҹûа취˭ԼСѾͷʲôͷҲԼͷ϶
ϻ˾ֵģ橿ֻϻ˦ԼӣƺһͿ԰СŮԼˤȥ֮ȥ֮Ѫĳ棬ȫˡʶ˫ۣҲףЦЦСѾͷƽʱʱֵǺҲܺһֻϻ
Ĭ磬ЦЦЦЦô죡ʶסĬĸ첲СŮ˿Ʋס΢΢ţȻǰֵĳҲǾֲѡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷĿһ˲˲ؿСͺһһһ֮ҲŨŨڴҲҪ֪СѾܹɹ֮ٴԺһһ֮֮ǰǺһĶ֣ĬףСﻹǱﲻҲһسӵʱ
СϺһҲ˵ֿôʱ䣬һǲܰС˶ԼĻϸ˦СһץסһĲӣһסһβͣǽɫߺߣҿɲˣôôʱѾˣϻ㻹ԭ̤
ѺһѹԼ۸С˵һΪʹ飬ҲǱ֮ǰƤĳˡϵСѾͷƷܷ˻ȻŲ۾
ؿǾˣ˸ƵĹʣ벻ЦЦȻôôһֱϻ£ʵ̫ˣ
ЦЦѽðץסֻϻȻҲһСŮˣһῴСռϷ磬ҲһӼ޲Լһ˶ĬϣĬ磬Ĭ磬ЦЦѽ
СŮ˲ɾϲļгĬȻϰߺͱôҲðѻ橸ƿ
Ȼܿ˰Ĭ顣
İҹһ֪Ϊڿ˾Ĭӣͺܻ᲻ˬλүͲίԼȻҪ飬ǰŲͺá
橻ûзӦֻһ󾢷ԼȻֱӱɾ˺ü߸׼ȷ˵Ƿ˳ȥ
Ĭ磬¡


152 İҹ3
ʶҪĬһһɳȥˣĬ΢΢һ㶣ҪҲ϶һҲҺۼֿ죬ڿǸ˶ֵʱѾ׼һʱѷڿеĻ橸סŻˤȥκʹ
橹û°ɡһۻ橣һܾʲôǱԵˡĿⲻ俴İҹԾ΢΢üʲôͷ
վҲŨŨĲֱ̫ˡһ˶֣ڵؿΧˣ˭˭Ҷ֣һСһᵱĬ汻Ȼˡ
Ҳ˵ǱƸŵˣǽԻ橳ֵİҹĳעǿˡ
ĬһڳһҲôˣܹѾѡԵضԱ˳֣ľٶҲİҹһܹˡĬ΢΢˺ӿİҹ˫ƺҪ˸͸һ
Ĭôţİҹ˿⣬ĿƳ橣зŨŨĲмǶԻ橵ĲмԶһ㡣
ԭΪİҹ˵ˣ˾ԲôԼҪô˾ôˣȫҪͱ˽ʲôȻİҹˣһԭ
橲΢΢һ㶣Զһ㣬ʶĬھԼĬԶһ㣡ͻȻһĶǾĬеˣôܹԶԷСŮƢҲˣʱҲѡԵİҹʵݺݵصɴ˫ۣŲӣ˵ƾʲôң
橿ԴССܾ谮ʲôʱ˻Լ˵ˡټĬԭ򣬻橸ǲ˺ˡ
İҹŭЦؿһۻ橣ƺҲЩŮ˴˷һǺǣƾʲôİҹһֱԼҪʲôʲôģڻԾŭˡ
ǺǣŲھͿǰˡİҹϲκθ飬Ŀ䵽橵ϣĬкİҹⲢڿЦ˻Ļɱ˵ǿΪ磬İҹɱ˻Ҳᵣ̫ࡣ
ȻⲢʾ˴ܶ鷳ĬİҹõЩ鷳ȴǲ뿴˺
ڻ橵ǰ棬ֿ˻橺İҹ֮ߣˣһᣬҲ̫⡣ǻΪ谮Сİҹɱ˻橾Բһȷѡ
һůĬڹԼ֪Ĭ϶ԿģСŮǲһĨõЦݣİҹͶȥһ飬ͺ˵ɣĬǹġ
ò˵ĬⷬɲɾİҹвˬˣİҹֳԼĲˣ䵽Ĭϣκθӣ
Ĭ΢΢һ飬ǰŻ橣ԼΪ룬֪ôĬȻоİҹڳԴף뷨һܿǱĬˡ
İҹˣôܻԴأ˭ַ֪ʲôˣǿŻ橺ܲˬɡ
ᣬĬ΢΢ҡͷŻ橵ҲԼеĻ˵ƿ橵֣İҹҲ뿴£ǶѡΪѣԸӲ뿴ӡ
İҹһȴǲҪԼǱĬһ䡰Ҳ뿴¡򶯵ˣĻҲɢ˺ܶ࣬΢΢ͷͺղʲô鶼ûзһţ¡
ĬûзӦԼѾİҹһȻİҹ֮ǰԷǰ·˸
ΪʲôԼȻһ㶼
橲ɺݺݵصɴ˫ۣʲô˵õһԷ˾Ĭˣʶİҹʲô˼
롣İҹƳһۻ橣Сڡ
İҹס˵ĺһ˲һᶯˣһŻҪ޳һôôһˡ
СڣСڣֲѽиԣϲС겻һЦһ˳źһʹģֻĵ͡
Ҳ֪ʲôʱСѾͣ˺ͺһ֮úõվԱߣһһôɵƵ֣СŮ
ƺò̼˵СڣСڲСڹ𣡹ϻֺиѽͻȻɾԼĬʵ̫ˣȻĮ˻ָԼȡʲô֡
С겻뵽Լһİë˲Сȵ־ӳԺ


153 ȡ粨1
һ鶼ˣ˵õĲԼֵģﾹȻôˣֱӺԼֻ֣ɭ֮Ժôȥ찡Թؿһİҹܵ⣬һͺǴ˪İײһһȥͰ͵ߵİҹߡ
һİҹǰֲʲôô˵ʱȫҪˡһֻϻѲɻ˼ͨ˲ɡ
໡һ͵ĻХһĻĿŻǣǲǰһ
һȻǰеŭ˻ˣԼһ˿ҲǺˣҪĬһԷЩ˾۵ļһˡںһҪľǰ⼸˸ϳȥһϣһֵһҲѾ֪˹ˡ
С꿴źһ⶯Խһʱ䲻һѾû˵еİǱİҹѱֻһĹ˳ˣ
Ŀⲻ䵽ǿϣС겻ʶ£йİҹֻҪעԼϾͺá
˵СҲԸͻһԷʵİҹ̫ǿҲоÿ¡
Ĭ橹һԷɣλһɰɡСҲһˣİҹĬ֣ԼȫһˣǴĹȽϺá
ĬһСԼˣǺİҹҲǵһμ棬вɱǴһ˿ͬ⡣ЦЦ
Ĭ˵꣬İҹǶôˣȻܿĬжֻС̶ȡ
һֻѾεľβҲǺ棬ȺһҪһЩˣϾһڻûܹΡʮޣһλҪǣ˭ҲȲϴƻĺ꣬Ӳ˵Ǿβˡ
ĬôһֻС׺ţҲмֱϡ
Сף˵˵һС˵ĿɲСˡ
ؾֵһֺˣֻղŲǻЦԼһСҲñԼҪܶɡҶһһģ˲һҲǺ
С겻ɺݺݵس˳ǣϵЦôסˣӲĿİҹһСڽԼôôԽܡ
İҹҲ鼫ãشСеɻ󣬡˵ľ㣬Է
Сף
Сڽ
СҲҪᱼˣԺԲҪİҹȡֱ֣˱ɡǱô֣СİҹʱҲһ㶼ҷɵߵĬıϣǿģĬŶЩⲻȥˡ
ĬҲֻεؿһСֱ̯꣬ʾԼҲûʲô취ѵܹסİҹһҪǿһ
ĬôεӣСҲɳ׷ˣίĬߣǲΪԼһ£ǸǺЦЦСףԽЦЦСŮİҹ¶һõЦݣҲûжָİҹǵá
İҹֻǵĿһС꣬˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô˼СһȫˣС׾СװɣԺǸĬģֲһֱˡλ˸˾ͺá
ҿװİҹĿ䵽СϣСӻû׹װʲôɻؿİҹװʲô
İҹͣСС֮ǶĻİҹڽԼ֣һʱǴܳСԴಡһİҹǰˮĴ۾ŶĿĹâİҹҡβ֪ͣ˻ҪΪСһˡ
ؾͻСƲֻСˣ⻹ôȵӣǱȹҪû֮ǰСһôãСһתİҹʾˡ
ĬȴǲЦˣ֮ǰҪСȡôֲźãڿС̻Ǻϲİҹȴ֡װװȷܲ
ǲ΢΢ص˵С̵ԴСһϲ֡
İҹһ˵С̣һֻǣڽӴİҹȴǿƲס˫ȷʵֲ̫ˡС翪˵ǱСǻҪһ㣬ڲҪôСԺķչԲɹ
һСôһӣѾѧȥֺøΪǿˣͿԿֻС̵Ĵ֮˱ƵģСвԼСܾôűѽ
ΪСи֣ⲻƽС˵⻰Լоͺˣôܹô嶯˵⻰أ
ò˵ﻰȻҲҪ˵˺һˡ


154 ȡ粨2
СĲ鲻ԸӣĬЩĲˣԼĺӣԼһ۰ţҲ᲻Сôģ˵ţЦЦҲܺ
İҹֻƳһС꣬ûзĬ⻰ȻҪĬȻ˭ҲıİҹľôһǺһϵùˣ˭İҹͲҪˡ
СǸˣСŮǲһĨõЦݣͶˣһήҲĺһС겻Ц˳һԴСڣˡ
һɺݺݵس˳ǣʾԼͲЩﻹǻʹҪҪô۸Ȼ˵ҲϵġԹĿһİҹҪİҹı⣬һǳѵˡ
һҲֻתӣ͵Լʲô֪ˣ۸ϻǻԿģǼƽϡ
ĬҲܸܵһ͸ʹѹˣôҲʶһȻǴμ治Ǻ죬ҲǲʶɡСҲɾúһͦģİҹˣ֮ףȴֻܶһôɵñ֡
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ֪ôİҹԼ˵İҹô뵽һȡ֣ĺôСڣڲŲࡣ
ۡСʾԼǹģҪ˵ȡĬԿΣҲҺԼĬȡ֣ȻС־Ŀ۵ͷˡ͹뵰־ͿˣһɴȵϢ
һ޵ûˣΪĬ˵ʲô֣ڣСںأڲˣΪʲôİҹĬбĺøУ˷һ·ġ
İҹĿ΢΢ȻһĲƽؿһۺһôһӣƺСί˵㡣صͷ˵ĲԣڵȷģǾʹڰɣ
úһǴСڱ˴ڣһֱһʾҲûȥˡ
һֱվǱߣĬ֮ĻвɻŨŨĽԺԵظܵĬ˵ʱȫǲһģ֮ദģʽӵУͺѾʶܾúܾˡ
ҪȥȻһᶼûУָоΡ
תתԼҪӽĬһҪֻһĿ⣬ôֺֻ˺һΪҪˡ
Ĭ磬һֻϻھͺƽ˼ֿŹ֣ȫ䲻ֻϻ͡һҲɳϣֻϻ̫ͳȥˡ
˸Լ˵һûһ̧ͷһۻ橣ĿһݣСŮ˻۹⡣һܿ׹˵ٶһôûУ˵ŭԼˣʱ򻹲֪Լȡһ֡
תԴһӵĿ⣬ǿŮ˵˵顣
Ǳһˣ黹Ǵ˵ĸӡ˵˾Ȼ顣
ĬĿĿȴǲɿûʲôĺһ𣡡ȡ֣תͷİҹڲϲֵӡǻǸȡְɣȻҲͦġ
Ǻǡİҹһڣ㲻ϲ֡ǴŨŨв֮⣬һҲǿˣԼ˵ϲ֣ͷͬ⣬Ժˡ
ϻϣʾ⻢
ߵĬߣĬҡҡβͣǵͷҡͷӣƺڸĬԼǺϲղȡ֡ô죬ԼСɻİҹҪʲôҪʲô
ղİҹѾֱӽкһˣѾγɶӣһҲ˾һģֺĬص㡣
˵Ů˻ԼδŮˣڿİҹĬʱֳĳͿˡԲİҹĬʵŮװʵ
Ĭ΢΢һҵԴһԼ
ôִĸоյӣȴǺϲ
ţõģˣڣǴˡܹĬ۴ĨЦݣ˵ĻĬľôֺʺϺһˡ
˭˵ĬˣѾȫȻ˵ΣգڿɲΪ˱ܵˡ΢΢һĨаȵĻȣ䵽˵ȴҲǲɴһ˿ջ
벻
δһȻڽлˣĬ룬һλˡ


155 Ļӻ1
ԼҸ磬ֱӴλվķ򡣺һǲ΢΢һĨƯĻȣҲ˳ŻȥķȥȻλӵĹϵǲ
ĸ磬㾹ȻҲһһҸѣдһĨƵĹâѵȻ˵ľĬˡĸɲĻӣоҪôȨλĻӸڶ׷󣬷ЩȨλǺܺÿ
һлǺϲλȻĸ磬ǰȻرסĸ첲
ĻӣȻֵ֮ϵȴֵܼߵģҵӡ˷ȻĻӣ˼ھУλҲǻΪΪȴΪ壬˲
ǰһ΢΢þòⶼֱӳƺԷΪĻӣɼ֮ĹϵҲǼõġ
΢΢ͷ¶һеЦݣǰһĸ첲лһĨȻжʱûкúþ۾ˣҽǲǴͻ֮ĵദѽ
ӷ棬¶һЦݣҡϵȣһַĸоȻӦǾѹӵơ
᲻׻ʲôỹˡͻ֮ûʲôϵةฮҲҪٿȢһȹ̵λ
΢͹²ǡˡҲ㲻Ҷ˵Լ˵˻ʲôõ顣
ȻԼ˵ٶ࣬Ҳŵģʲôɡ
¶һĿ⣬ԽԽۡ
һҲЩԼĸԼæأҲûע֮Ļ˵ĸ磬ҽѸʶ˵ҲܻʲôӦָĬ˵ĸ磬Ĭ磬ϴξңСŮеĳݰĽ֮һ㶼ڲذ
ڹʱѾע⵽Ĭһߵˣܹ֪Լӵ»޶ԣ͹һѾп϶ˡ
Ҫǣǰֻɭ֮Ŀ⾼ضǣƺʲô춯Ȼ
޻
Ȼһֻޣһֻߵȼ޻ǻʼӵҪӵһֻԼҲһ׵飬м仹Ҫһ˵ʵҪ֪սԽߵ޾Խױշο֮ϻǰĳȴڸԼѾǺԼ޻
ɵģνҲ˼ֺڴ
Ĭ΢΢˳ǣʾԼҪճЩ飬Ӧеòһ㶼٣վãĬ
Ѿ֪ٴδӻ橵ĬϢڻ橵ﶼѾ˵ǾӢһĴˣȻҲܲµԼö˵ϲˣǼԷˡ
һҲòϣĬԼԭģкܴĲ˿ȥ㣬һССľǸȺսҲ˿Եþִٵˡ
΢΢˹Ĭ¶һЦݣ橾Ҷ˵㣬ڼˡ
ĬͬʱҲڴĬǻʼҵӵܣôʲôļƶûأ
ĬĿǿŻ橶Լ̬ȣǺϲģɲǸĬڼʶ֮󣬶ڻʼҵ˶ܵųĸоҪύ
ȻǸ⣬ʱĻĬҲͻʲô
ڿҲһӼͺһ˵һȻҲİҹˣŻ߹ȻҲ˸ղİҹľ棬һסĬĸ첲ĬǺģ˵ǶĬܵĬ磬Ļ֣ϲѧˣҲѧԺѧܳϵĵմأ
Ҫ˵ôֵܽãʵԼϲľǻˡǶӺǸӼȨһЩĴڡȻϿŵСڻʼҳĺôܻ᲻еĵ
кףΪԼǸϲŮŮвλֶڻλľҲԼôáһĻֹԵøӵֿ
ĬĻӣԭǱΪ͵ĻӣĿ´һۻ΢΢˹ڻʼֲ׷ȨλĻ


156 Ļӻ2
Ĭ˵ʲôһδĬ߸˳ȥİҹ˵Ҫ˿ĬˣŮһ˻
һǶѾչ¶ԼݣȻ˵ԼԻ橳֣ⲻڴʼҵ档һֱΪ˵ӣҲԲ鷢¹Żʼҵӡ
˭ʶһȦڳˣҪ˭ҵԼ۸ԼĻá
橲һݣݺݵս˫ȭֱİҹ̫ˡⶼѾǵڶˣǵ۸ɣ
̫ˣʶҪȥİҹˣûпԷİҹֻǵؿһۻ橣κ¶ȵ˲û橾ͺйһʲô˵ˡ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣİҹҲȷ̫ˣڻǵ˼ֳѻ橸ȥһ㶼¡
ǹǻΣǺİҹϵʱĬǻʶվİҹߡ
վİҹǰ棬ϵά֮ҲѾǳˡİҹò˵ĬģлǺġ΢΢İҹͲҪԼƵĬļվ˳
˱ڴ𣬡ԣҡ
֮ǰİҹѾˣҪĬҲڱԼ̬ȡ
ҲίģȻҲ֮ǰİҹԼľ棬ǲвȻĬĬ˭ƾʲôЩԼʵȽǿʲô˲ģ
ίؿ΢΢˺촽ĸ磬ˣⶼѾǵڶˣ
ǸղİҹԻ橳֣Ȼûע⵽˵ĴڡʶͷųһĨİҹҪԷʲôˮƽ
İҹһлһĨмָᶯǵͷŹľֱʧӰһӣһĨɫľǳŻȥҲܲʲôɡ
һ䣬ŵӦİҹͷŹľҲ¶һĨǱ֮ɫô꣬ΪεѾûܹɫˣǶԷƵһֻȴҪѾȫ
һ䣬ٴվŨŨľȣˣ˵ʲôͷͿԷʵжǾȻһȴһ㶼֪
λ̨ǡ
ѾİҹͷҪˣֻýҪ
Ĭʶİҹвһϣİҹϻʼҵˡ
İҹĿһȻҲѾĬеĹǣ˵İҹǶԻղŵĻشɡ
һӣסİҹ֣ȥʱһҪúõһ˵ͷܽãȻܽõĻҲһܵ˶Է
ղżʲôİӵĵطϣİӲҪ¡ʼҵһֱܻ࣬ż·
вҪ˵жˣԭָŻԼֻһʵϵȴԼĻҲȲİҹһҲЩˡ
Ϊ橾ͻǾԲܵģСŮ΢΢ͷ֪ԼΪʲôһԲԺעġŹ֣ϲĬˣ˻ܵס
İҹ뵽һѾ뵽һ⣬ȻİҹӽĬⲢʾĬܿɣֻҪԼ㶨Ĭʲôˣôһ룬Ҳɺˡ
ʱҲò˵ãʵûôˡ
Ҳ˵ĬԻ橵ʱ򣬲ûжٸ飬ҪĬӽ橾͸ѵˡ
İҹڻ⻰ȫûзϣֻǵĲϲ˿Ĭš
΢΢˳飬Ҳ˵ʲôڿ״ѾƽȹˣڿԺݺݵһˡ
ˣȻһᣬˣλһ٣һЦ𣬿ɲҪ΢΢һֳһ档
ǱĻԼвҪ̫ˣ䵽İҹУȴǰ㶼ϡ
ˡôܾˡİҹˣԼҪύˣԼ
ĬҲ΢΢һ飬ŷ֣İҹ˻Ǻи԰


157 ѧԺпı֣1
ϴκİҹط֮⼸ĬоԼߵﶼİҹ֪˵Եֻ˹ˡǺݺݵرһд򲻹ԷÿԼĬ˾ʹʲôҪĬŶ˵Ҳˡ
ⲻѧԺпʱˣԼʵҲμεпûûʼǸȨֱӽѧԺһ橺ĬҪһȥμѧԺԡ
橿Ĭһ˫۾ڷ⣬һõЦݣĬ磬ʱ䲻ˣѧԺԣһȥɡʶҪǰסĬĸ첲뵽İҹԱߣȻ˻ȥ
ϾѾôνѵҲѧĴˣȻⲻֻ֪ᱻ˸ײɳȥͺԩˡ
İҹһȻڻľٶǺģȻŮҲѧôˡ䵽Ĭϣ߰ɡ
Ĭ΢΢һ飬ѾǵһοĳǲɱദģʽЦˣҲ֪İҹʲôǲû橿Լ΢΢ͷһİҹֿһۻ橣ҹҽҪȥμѧԺˡ
һϲİҹ¶һЦݣƽʱʱĬ˸ҲˣĬ϶ǺԼߵġΪҪǣһ뵽ԺԼĬһѧԺѧϰٲ˳Ϧദʱ⣬ҪЦˡ
İӲǲμѧԺĿѧԺ˾ǰˣĬһ߰ɡк޲һСİҹˣڱϻǹģһ㶼ҵ
˭˾Լĸ綼˵ҪúдˣҲȻеĺ塣ⲢСŮİҹɡ
ڻ橵ƣİҹȫûзϣ΢΢ͷţȥԷڵʱİҹֳܻԼһ棬ҲֻĬ֪ʵһ㶼䡣
ĬڣСֱӴӺܳԴôЩСһҲǺİҹϤˣȻСԵ黹ȥ۸һһһһҲҺñ˶֪ЦЦʵֻС꣬Ȼ϶Ҫˡ
һֻϻȻһֻС۸ˣⳡҲǺȤİɡȻΪ˿϶Ҫ˵һˣ֮ĵҲദϰˣһС궼һ壬ȻദҲ᲻һټյС̣͸ˡ
ѽѽԶԶԣҪȳ緹˼ҶӶأ˵С껹ԼƽĶӣͺĬѾкܳһʱûиԷһ
ĬȷʱҲ磬żһᡣ
ţǻȥ緹ɡ
橶İҹٴβҰܡ
СŮҲ˭˵ֻİҹ׼緹ҲкСĬ磬һȥ緹ɣҶѾ׼ˡ
İҹ΢΢򱡴лһĨâԽ橾;òˬΪʲôôˡ˵ǰסĬĸ첲ߡеĺҲѾˣҪĬԼһ뿪
Ĭɳ˳ǣû˵һİҹôżʲô
İҹĽŲߣĬֻתͷԻ¶һǸЦݣ˼ˣ橿Ҫ´Լˡ
橲ɺݺݵս˫ȭŮ׷һ˲ǸһɴһˣΪʲôȥ׷ĬǸ˺öظɽһҲûʲô⣬ҪҪ˭һָоֱ͸ˡ
ô˲䣬橲ɾԼвֻŮˣ˶Ҫһ֡ʵŮ˲£µĻİҹ˰ȫԼκλ῿Ĭ
СŮһ˲˲ضĬİҹ뿪ķһĨĪĹâ
Ǻǣ橣ô첻ѧԺĿ׼ôˣضĿ橣һҹģȻܹŮеƵĻòضǸѵõˡ
תͷضĵĿ⣬Դ֪Ĭض֮֮󣬻оѾŮˣڿԷ˿ڲԼе֮顣
һҵ黹ֲġ˵ҲضһӽӲѿı飬һתߡ
ضô橸ݺݵشˣܹõĹˣһ˫ֲɺݺݵȭһĨĪĺâŮ˿ˣ֮еʰС
⼸һֱ׷һǶѾˣضеȻҲغܡҲ治׻ôģȻĬ˵񣬾ͺѾҲˡ
һȻкܶаԳЦض۹⣬Ȼȥ˻飬˵һŮ˵ǲá


158 ѧԺпı֣2
ضУɺɺΪڳظԼ鷳Ѿǣڱȴʲô˵ҲֳܱŮһûɺɺûʲô취ĬȫһˣһҪѧԺ¶Ŀ
ضʹޣĬȻҪˣͲӦóھǣڿĬʱͻ᲻ԼĬ˻飬鲻ôŮ˵ǲʵġ⼸ôضβضʹޡ
Ů˿һеԭĬĳ֣ҪһлָԭֻĬŮ˳ʧڴҵǰ»ָ
Ҫ˵ҪԸĬֺֹضһأ֪ĬǣȻҪμѧԺĿˣѾˡԴӴǻ֮󣬻ԸоԼľڲϵؼ١
ʱûоûзϣֻǾԼٶȱ˲١ûлܶʱ棬ΪҪǻûλøʹԼΪλؼġ
Խǵ˺ԸоԼΪڲϵ½ھһʧͺʲôڲϵزʳԼںòײǶѻھһͲɻˡӲɵģǲȥԼеھܻôһȫʧǸʱͱһ
һӵܼ̳ܲлλҪǵкܶ࣬ȻֵһҪԭ򣬲ףԼһķϿ϶ѻλ
Ӿ͹ԭ򣬾㹻еĽˡԼϵֲܸˣ˶Լߵ˶㹻ΣֻȥѰԼʦǾ¶ڻϳֵҲֻܱʾȺ޿κΣһɫĻ档Լԭ
ɫƺͺѾɾһרžȼԼڵľͺЩǻȼҪһȼ˻ڵľͻӾһ㣬ڻҲǻ˲ٹۼһЩǺס˻ԼڵȼӣһΣգҲ֪ⶫʲôʱᾪţһǸʱԼͱһķˡ
侲ҲԼ쳣ںضȥǺĬ˻֮ŷġ
ǳЦĬǸʱ˵ʲôԼڣǵôԼҲĬһķĬȻ˾ҪѧԺ͸ûлˡ
һǿҵ뷨Ĭһ֪Լ˵ܹĹؼĬϡ
ضŮˣЩ鶼ôˣκڷдһĨŨŨݡ
ҲҺﲢûʲôڣȻҲ϶Ҫģŵﻹʲôӣһħ
ӰѾǵһμģѾ׼ǻĿҲְֻӰܹ֪ˡİӰΪһвΪ֪飬Ҳ֪ǵĴڡ
ӰԶصĵطڼڷҲͲܿ˻֮ˣǰӰ֮
ӣضѾһж׼ˣֻҪͺˡ
Ϣ΢һлһĨҫ۵Ĺâ΢΢һţܺãȥɡ
ֱضΪԼѧԺôӰܹʮӢѧ׮ΪԼáⲻǻԸȥģûлָʾ׮ƾԲض¡
֪ܹõҪĽͿˡ
ĬҲ뵽ԼǳھǣѾôˣʳ֮ǸȨҲѾע⵽ĬĴڡ
ȻоͲضͻԼ˳ޣλиӿĬ˭û橾ȻĬģѾ¶Ĭ֮⣬һ˶ϣةҵĶûĶгĬ
һҲɺǺĬһô꣬ض˻飬ǻȴǰһţһжѾγȫ෴ļˣôвأ
ϣ㶼ˣﲻɵʵǻ橵ĸȻӹĻɺɺˡ
΢΢һתӵ뻳ȻôҲѾͷеˡȵѧԺֻ֮ҪܹѧԺ޾빬ҲҪ橺úÿ


159 ѧԺпı֣3
ϺҲ뵽ϲϵĬпǰ㶼ûл橵Ӱӣһػ橿Ƿǳȷĵƫƫòʲôк졣
ǵȵĬİҹ˳緹橲ܿĬֻԱߵһһ˳㣬ǻΪίʱ򣬲ΪĬ󶼱ȥĬŶЩĲˣҲˣΪʲô橾ͻᲱˣʳ֮лиˡ
ĬǸصصˣҲƲס橸ɣϾǻʼҵСԼҲǳһƬĬԼҲŮװֻ˻橣ϣСŮܹ׹źá
Ȼ橶Ѿ׼ô־սˣֻҪĬ˵ԼоԲġһϴҲĬû뵽İɡ
Ĭ磬˰ɣʱҲǲˣǻǿȥμӽĿ˰ɣٵ˾Ͳˡǰһˮһ˲˲ضĬİҹǱѡԸˡ
һҲĬпǵģ΢΢ͷİҹҹҺ橹ȥѧԺˣ֮ɡ֮ǰİҹѾ˵׼μѧԺĿˣȻʱҲҪ˵ǵʱˡ
橲һϲǿ԰ˣھֵĬһˣСŮǲһĨõЦݡ
Ȼò˵лǸ˵̫ˣİҹȫû׼ǵ뷨
ѧԺţһȥɣȥ
⻰橼ֱоһԼͷǲǾǹҪԼȥⶼʲôʱˣҪĬȥһӽĬĻˡȻǷ񶨵ˡ
ĬҲЩˣ΢΢ҡͷҹѾҺܾˣԼȥɣǿ϶ҲҪ顣ҿ֮ͨٺúףһ¿ɺã
İҹһĬ˵ͷҲһʱԺеʱ䡣ãСġİҹĬˮƽҪͨѧԺĿ˾һײˡ
⼸ĬҲûţİҹһ֣һúù̫˷ˣÿ˶ᵽȥС˵ǹУӿ˵İҹָĬĬҲ뵽İҹȻôǿ
ѾʹԼȫټ߲ӰؾǾȻİҹϵõһĺôĬҲЩˡĬҲйİҹԽԽ£ʱмİҹУڶѾԺʮв
֮УĬҲȷˡ
Ĭͻ뿪Ҫ˵õһǻˣǰİҹ겻ɢˣܺĬú˵˵ˡ
ֱ˺óһξ룬ȷİҹ׷ˣǸҳڱԹĬ磬㵽ʶһ̥İҹǺᣬҿ㣡СŮίؿĬ
Ĭ΢΢˹Ծ֮ǰİҹĳȻİҹѾˣԼȴôǡ
ǺܳһιˡȻĬӾǲҪ˵ˣ橣׼ôˣοҲ֪ʲôĶ֡
ĬҲѾ˽һѧԺˣʵѧԺרɳһЩѧǰпˣֻҪܹѧԺʽѧͨʮУͿӵнѧԺĻᡣ
ȻĿ˾ǾѧܹӵжٵԴÿ굱ȻҲвʼѵѧ֮ͻᱻϹ¸ΪͽܣǸˡ
橶ĬҲʮ㣬ˮƽҲһͨѧԺԣں˻橾ͲòμˣΪѾڶ԰ϼ˵ˡ
ĬͷİɣʵһԳΪԵǰʮĬһǵһ橼ᶨƵ˵ĶǶĬĳݣСŮ˵УĬΪˡ
Ĭǹ˹û˵ҲţѧԺĿҲűʤİաҲѾˣѧԺ˵ǺѣѧԺڻ̫ΪˣɳҲǺǿʵôùǿѧѧ㣬ԷҲΪ㡣
ΪҪĻѧԺˣ浶ʵǹĸˣͨѧԺ˵ѧѡʵΪǿʮˣһҪʮ˿ԽѧԺľӢѧԺȻܵĴȫһˡ
ӢѧԺѧӵиõԴһΪҪǣ뾫ӢѧԺζŴ˻ᱻӦĳϺʵǿǰΪӡһѧԺݶȫһˣôԴҲҪ뾫ӢѧԺԭ
ǲһĨõЦݣĬ磬ǵѧԺأ


160 տˣ·꣨1
ĬɿΰѧԺΪǲ·ʢѧԺɽĵĻ˲Ծͷ飬Ҳ˵ѧԺĽܱߵĿжɢһɵһأҲѹѧо˵ĽҲܹˡ
һ·С궼ûô˵ɲ׼ѧԺģĬҪȥ϶ҪŶԷȥǱߡС겻ǰһŨɫˮһĨ˼ѧԺп϶ʲôԺһҪúõһ
СʲôĬô᲻ףɺݺݵس˳ǣСһﾹȻҪѧԺֵطȥ̽ǾԼ̫˲ǣ
ôһСԴҪ롣
ĬôһˣС겻ƲƲ촽һû˵׼ȥ̽ԼˮƽѧԺָƼĵطҪСΪϣȻԼС˵ˡ
֪룬嶯ʱİҹھͺˣСôЩжİҹĳ֮Ѿ˶Ĭĳݣʵ̫ǿˡС겻ţİҹĻѧԺҪʲôֱ練ơ
ĬС⻰ĿһɣҲҪ֪İҹǶԼ⼸СһʩʲôԻҩһһôİҹڶĻˡ
ǺǣҲ롣ĬһɲܿСȥİҹգȻѧԺıô׾ͱ˸ߵģʱͱ͵ʴˡ
Сɵص˵ͷ΢΢СԴԺҪĬͺˣ͵͵ȥ̽ջûʲôġֲҪ˼ҵıΪУȥǵʲô
橿ĬС֮ĻвŨŨĽĬ磬ЦЦ֮ĸãЦЦΪʲôһհѾڻɻ˺ܾˣһֱЦЦĬ˾ã̵ļǵĬ˵ЦЦպġ
һǾͲˣ
ò˵ֻҪǺĬйص飬橶ĹעжĬĸͿԿˡ
С꿴Żôģ᲻׻ڵʲôһסĬֱۣΪĬСѽ֮仹лԼأ
СĬϲ橣лҪôûԼģⲻһûᡣ
橿һĬֿ֮һС꣬ɴЦ˳ͲС⻰ҪЦˣĬЦЦôܻлԼĬδ޲ض𣬲ԣѾ˻Լ
ҪƭҲô׵飬Ĭ΢΢˹ţЦЦҵСá
֪橹Ĭ׼ôˣٹһʱ䣬ѧԺ˾ҪʼˡѾ˺һʱˣȺ֮ҵĬǵӰвһɣϵЦҲˡ
ԭѧԺķûа￴вٳСŮмˡڿϽǵĵط߹ȥʶ
Ĭͻ橻ҪСӰӳ
橴һ֪ģŻ⼸һֱǺһôӢǵĬˣɵôҶĬж˼ڴ
ض˻꣬һֱΪķȴμѧԺˣʲôֻ˵Ĭĵʲô
ֻؿһû˵Ĭڿ˵ʱϲһĨЦݣ˿˵ģ
˵ͷ˿ԼվĬֱߣһִĬļϣĬҿģѧԺԲ򵥣ɲܲ׾һҪøһЩ˺úÿ
ǺͻһģһУĬֱӾѧԺЩеʲõĵһ
һ£ҪĶһ佫ĵŮ棬һżҵĭ룬˵ʵɶǲѾǰĬˣһ˿©طĬһҲǼΪѵõˡ
Ĭһò˵ΪǺ˸жɵö˶˼ֺøСüһ˵Ǻܶеʣ㲻ұ̫ã֮ةฮӣϾôҲǱةฮ˻˰
Ĭ뿪ЦؿҲҪ˻ôĻش
ǱĬ⻰סˣԼةฮĬ֮ʲôĹϵ֪ĬǱԼ˻ˣк޲뾡һа취ֲĬˣӲ˵Ըˡ


161 տˣ·꣨2
ȻĬ˵⻰һɻƺûĬ⻰ʲô˼ɺݺݵҡͷĬ˵ʲôأϴȺﻹĴڡض˻飬ΪȻҲةฮĲԣⲢӰ֮ɡ
УǰĬ˺ܺõѣΪضĹϵᣬԻһǳź
ĬĿܹܵ⻰ģƺС֮ɾ֮ˣҲ¶һĨǸɫôᣬôҲǹѵѣֻҪة֮Ӳƽͺá˵ƲݶԣĬǺܿΪˡ
⻰ҲһĨõЦݣĬѾ֮ǰˣһůôᣬԺҪĬأ
˿ɲ֪Ĭ֮Ĺϵͬ˼żܵģҲɺݺݵؾˣһʱ֮벻ĬȻôá
橡ܳӲ
θѧԺ˵ܳϣ˻ضʦĿĬѧԺأѾ䵽ϣлŨŨ
Щͽ֮Ϊ۰ľضˣڿضΪĬ֮˻ѻоѾĬףҪʲôԼƤӵŪ١
ȷҲĬ̶̵ʱھѧˣǻˣҲһҪѧԺֱΣ
һȻضڱ͵͵ŵеȻҲǷǳأԼͽض˭
橲ǰһֵԼˣһŲǰھ̨һɾʱһԾ̬վ̨ϣĿⲻɿθ𿼺Լŵϣ΢΢λʦˡ
˵Ż橳λӱȭһҾǸĵһ죬λʥΪ谮СܹܶԷæҾ񣬡橹ˣȻʹȫͺáȻǲĶ˺橵ģȻԼС֪ûأ
΢΢ͷҲѾеԥ̹Ȼ˵λʦֲù˼ɣҪԼʵ֤Լ͸һĨᶨҪԼȫƾԼʵѧԺ
˻⻰Ҳɶ㲻Ĺ¶˼ֺøУʼӵпֱӽѧԺʸ񣬲ڻԸԼʵ֤֮ҲôҶԻ橶˼ͬ
һȻ橶Ѿô˵ˣҲֻСһˣȻϵҪעһ㣬ǧŪλС
˾һ𣬻橳ٶȼ죬ǽս䵣ԼŪ˻橣ϻкУҲǱ橱ƵЩǱˡһвһĨս⣬λҲһ򵥵ĽɫٱԼ֣
橼ȻѾ˲μˣȻҪκԼȻǶʵһ衣㻹׼ʹʵȻҾͲˣ
橲ƣɲҪöʹԼʵ
仹֮ǰкУ¾ñ橸ˣΪӢѧԺѧȴǱһˣǺܶӵ顣
ȻҲٶԻ飬˲䳡ϵҲ˱仯֮䶭µʵ˸ı䣬˲˻橵Ľ
ãлһĨâڶԷҲˣÿԳһԼʵ
ӻϳ֮ĬһֱעŻ橺Ͷ֮Ķţ۵׻һĨâӵȷǽ˺ܶ࣬͹⶯Ѹ࣬ȷ޺á֮ٿ䣬ȻѧԺѡѧʵȻҲǲ
֮ǰ䵣Լ˵橣ûо֮󣬻ʶһˣ֮ǰһѻûпıڱʣҪȾѪ»橲ǶԷĶˡ
Ҳؿ˵ĽתͷĬĵ˵Ĭ˵֮䣬˭һ㡣
Լʳ⻰֮ҲɾԼˣôԵĬ
ĬҲû뵽ĿȻǰĴ򶷣΢΢һѾ׶ˣ
Ȼ⼸İҹ˽֣ԼĹ۲Ҳ˲٣ѾԿ׶ԷԺпٷӦӦ֮ߡ
У橰
Ĭ϶ͺѾ˽һ˵ĬѾ橲ǶĶ֣һ㻹ţ⻹жϳԷڼ֮µóԵЩˡ
ǺǣҲţɺݺݵҡͷĬ⻰ǲܽܣ橿Żû¶ƣôŲء
ǶһΣĬǲһĨаȵЦݣģȻһֻ׵Сꡣ
#####˼С岻Ƕʱˣϸ˵


162 տˣ·꣨3
ҪֱĬʲôⲻֳƣȫûзӦܵһ˺üǵ̨һǾӢѧԺѧʵ仹ΪģҲѾǳ˵á
ףղŶһȫ԰Լ̨ȴʱջһŲûǱص̨ɵжԶ˼ֺøСŶ䱧ȭҾлʦ顣
䲻ɬһЦòϻһˣſԽ۵ݣȴǸӸԺøˡ
΢΢ʦãǿӭѧԺ
ȷǸղŶͻ֮Ľ֣Ѿ֪ǹ˶ˣȻǿͨѧԺˡ
һвɶĶ˼ֺøУԺ󻹻кܶദĻᡣԺ橻Ҫʦֶա˵ǳŶһ֮ȥ첽Ĭǵķ
жҲѾ˲²⣬ѾڸΪӣôܻͨѧԺأʵٹڲãΪάʼҵǶˮûͨģο橵ʵȷǲ
ͨѧԺˣȻҲǲ˷ܵߵĬߣȻվұߣĬ磬㿴ҸղűֵΣԱߵǱ橸ֱӺˡ
ȻŮӣҲֻܿԼϲˣҲֻܱʾǸѾûʱȥעˡ
Ĭ΢΢Ż¶һ϶Ŀ⣬橺ò˶ãսʤղλʦ֡ĬҲò̾һ£ѧϵȷ֣ϴμʱһҪ˱СѾɳ˲١
Ҳɵͷʾͬ⣬ǰӺֽ˲٣ҲҪŬˣһǱٲŬҪǸˡҲҺøղŻѾˣȻҪˣĬĺô橻֮ڱԷܵġ
һ橻֪ǾȻ۶Լڼ֮ܣò˵ôȥ˸оôˡ
źߣǾͲһãȻ˵Ҽ֮ڻ䣡üһر˶ΪĲ
΢΢һɲ˺һ֮˵Ĭ˵ģһӮأĬ硣ǻһĨЦݣЦôڶ橡
橲һ죬ݺݵصһԽԽˡĿתĬȫûǰţвȾһ˿ڴĬ磬ղôһڶʦ¼ܵġ
ĬûлشһĨζЦݣģͲиӺˡҲˣֱסĬĸ첲˵ҲܣĬ͸𣡡СŮ˵ģҪ˲עⶼˡ
˲жǻһĨȻɫŲƭˣСǿĬӵҲͦ˼ˣ橿λһֱǱ˳ΪĴڣǰضȥ׮¡
͸˼ˣжĬ˼ֺŶԷҲܹ⣬ض绹Ĭôʲô
Ҳɶλ˼ֺ֮ģҲҪĬһʲôˮƽûôϲҪ֪ϲ橵ҲǴڣڿĬⶼҪðһСطˣȴǵõ˹кǼʵİɡ
ĬҲôԼģһԼ橸סвɱǿʼİҹߵӡֻҪİҹ橾ԲҿԼҲ˺ܶ鷳
ܿҲûʱĬˡ
һĬ
ⲻѾֵĬҵע˹ǵĬϳҲѾܾˡ
ĬŲǰǰȥŲæӿž˶ҪżҪҪôУǻſͶ˶ս
ֻ߸׼ȷ˵ǻŶ䵥ŰĬϾĬӵܣᱻܶϿɣȷʵ˵ĵõ˻橵ĺøУĽʺˡ
ղŴҲǿ˶ʵھָúʰϲĬ˻ôš
Ҳ䵽ԼˣһĨѾ˵ĬʵһлԷˡ
ʦܣˡ䳯ĬȭȻжĬǺܿõģûнѧԺʱ򣬾ѾʼĬʦˡ


163 սˣ1
Զ̬ȣò˵˷Ӻ׸ԺøУĬҲ⡣΢΢ʦ֣ˡ
Ҫսӣվ̨һѣŵ˶мҪҪôĥĥģǻſأ
䵱ȻҲ̨ЩеĿܿĬҲΪֿУӲĬˮȻһֶԶֵĲء΢΢ʦܣҲ顣
Ĭ΢΢ͷҪĽʦ־ʹԼʵá˵ĬҪռһƣղԼѾôõĶսȻǵ㵽ΪֹֻҪܹ˶ʮУͨˣ䶼ûô۵ģĬ϶Ѿ˶书
⻰ɲܸˣȻɻѱ˸ˡ
˰ڿƣڴ֮£׼ʼս
һ£
Զһ˱һϮɫĳ̨ٶȲ죬ͺֻһգ۵ʱѾߵ̨ߡĬһʶиԼ˾ǳԼġ
ǴӶԷ·ĽŲͿԳԷʵǸ֣磬ȽдһĨԷѾѧ˾ţô˵ôҲӦڵˮƽˡ
ȻĬϣλɲѾﵽڳ׵׮ơ
䲻΢΢һ㶣׮Ƶָʾͣƽʱʱ׮ƸһǱѧ꣬ٳֹڳϣȴǳˣòöоȡ
׮ʦ֣кμ̣ؿ׮ơ
Ҳɶλ߳˶˼ֺ֮ģĬжλ׮ʦҲǺ棬ҲԼλ׮ʦԸܵ׮ƶԼ
һвһõĸоܾ׮ƵͻȻ֣пɲô򵥣ǳĬģȻҲ粻־Ĭϳʱˡ
橶ЩҲǺ˽⣬ʵλ׮ʦʲôͷ⻰˵Ĳ죬һҶû˵ԵΪˡ
Լ֣׮ƲɻɲΪλСǰһõӡ׮СΣȴͳͳĬУλ׮ʦԵ޹ʵΪζˣΪ橶Լĺøѽ
һĬʾԼҲǺԩˣϲԼһҲǿƲˣԵĻˣҲԸ橲ҪϲԼġҲҺĬ뷨û֪ȻĻ𹫷ˡ
Ҳʲô˵橽׮Ƶͷ׼ȷ˵ڶĬ׮Ƶ֮ҲǾӢѧԺѧʵ׮Ʊǲ̫࣬Ӳ˵վĶˡ
׮ʦǾӢǰʮĸ֣ϴ׮ʦֱչҲ˰ɣڳӦѾͻƵ˰ɡ˵˵ᣬȻڳе˶ѾˣȻҲǰĬˡ
׮һ΢΢˵ͷʾ⻰ͬ⣬ѾͻƵˡ
˲ɵһֱֲ̫ˣһֽΪʲôж
һȻԼûв´
Ҳ΢΢һ㶣׮ʦֻһ˲ˣͷ׮ʦǺᾹȻѾﵽڡҲôпһ䣬ĬΪˡ
׮һĨϲô˵ǲǱʾҲǺϲԼأܿҪʧˣҲǼ򵥵ظпһ֮СŮеע·ŵĬϣһֱа橵׮ܹ
˲ɺݺݵս˫ȭ˵Ŀ䵽Ĭϣ޲ֱӰʬΣѻ橵עŵԼϡ
ǺǣʦܸղҲս˺üˣӦҲ˰ɣһ־ͻһλʦܰɣǲʸѧԺѧԺɲʲôèèĶܽȻⲻҪˡ׮һĬдŨŨĳ⻰ɲ˵ĬǸèèġ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣԼǱλ׮ʦָѽ
ϲԼ飬ҲɣҲɻһĨˬ
ԻһĨ͵ģǸ𿼺ѧĵӣ׮ҪæȻٺòˡȻںԲǣ׮жĬųԣⲻҪڵȻĶĬ鷳
⣬ⲻ̫ðɣʦ㡭ʶҪܾ׮Ƶ飬һҲƴǵɡ
ܳϾڵ׮ƳѵĬǵȵˣǲһĨЦݣҪĬҪӦԡǺǣȥɣ΢Ϣһ£һ־׮ɡ
⻰һܶжٵģ֮ǲòϾܳϲǸ˵ˣҲΥ˶Էǣ׮ʦͽˡֻĬһรˡ


164 սˣ2
Ĭ΢΢˳ǣȻԼʵ׮Ʊǻ˺ܶ࣬ⲢʾԼĴ򲻹ͷ˰ɡ˵ѧԺֲҪ˶ֻ֣ҪڶԷ³ŹʮУͿ˳ѧԺˡ
Ĭ˵ѶϵҲǺܸ߰ɡ
Щ˿ɾͲ֪ˣĬСһҲǹùˣ֮ǰӦԵǶ䣬Իмºͣ׮ƿɾȫһˡ
ֻ̨ˣ׮ƲмشһĬģһͲʲôö׮Ƶһ۾ͲϲĬӣǸһ
ǺǣҿС׮һԲѣȫûаĬУǻҲ濴ҪúñһȵĬĿһԼҲøеġ
Ĭһ׮ƣǲ֪˵ʲôˣҲһӦ顣
ǺǣҾͲˡĬ˵껹׮ƷӦϬƷǱ׮Ƶ沿Ϯȥб˲ռɵӡĬкԷʵɲֻԼֻǶһ㣬ֻΪǿ
׮ƵҲû뵽ĬٶȾȻô죬һеʱ䣬ɵ׮ƶĬʵһµͲȫõķ
ΣٿٶھʵǰҲûʲôЧ¶
׮һ˳ĬĹû֣ǵһС
ղ׮ƾ˵ĬУܿĬϮ׮ڲֵҲԵЩǱˣض㿪ĬĹвŨŨĲˬȻԼҪǰװƣĬռϷ磬˷ͷ
Բ׮ҪĽѾ˵ڣȻҲջأǵȵĬУ׮ƻŷһɾɱʮ㡣
׮ôһֱΪɱСһŭ
һŭһ˵нţڿ׮ʹ֮ĶҲĬһ׮Ϊ
׮ȴһУԾҪĬء
һŭ׮ƵĳսԼȫ֮ľһ㣬ŶԷͷųȥ޲𹥻ȫҪɱУ˵۾һֱ̨ķΪ׮ʹһ֮Ȼͷųһɫ˳׵̨֮ϵɫҲǸŨˣ˸Ϳ浽׷ʲô
⻰橲ɺݺݵһԵĻھҪȥ׮еڴʲôֿʹɱУѲɻҪɱ˲ɣ
εҲǱ橸ˣ׮ƳΪ˽Ĭ
̨֮ϡ
׮ʹ֮ŭ֮ȴǲһĨЦݣҪĬʲôֵԼ뵽ĬһᱻԼɫУ϶ѾѾܵصˣһҲҪһ
ϴ׮ƾԼһУ׷˾ӢѧԺһǳǱѧӴһս˭Ҳսĺˡ׮ƽʱʱ򲢲໰һǳױ˸ԵĴڣǴжҵɲԭĴڡ
쵰Ĭʲô⣬һŹҲǻˣ᲻ˡ׮ƾǳĬģԴСʵǹ֡
⻰Ҳֻл橸ҵ׮Ƶ˵ˣȻҲǺܿ׮ΪڶԷʵҲֻܸŭԡ
׮ԭΪ橶ԼȴǲСŮ˾ȻΪĬöԻʲô𣬲ɵðеŭǷйĬϣлһĨ壬Ĭ
˲ս˫ȭԼ֮ľͷųղһŭ׮ƵʵȻҲûʱˣȻҪԸ˵Ĭֱ練ơ
˿̨֮Ϸʲô׮ɱĬĻᣡ
Ĭһ˺üƺǱ׮ƸһĨаȵЦݾ͸ӺˡĬлһĨݣ׮ƲƣʱʹҲ뵽ʹ
ȷκˣ⧲׮һŭŪˣȻҲ׮ƵùɣĬͷųɫȷɱĬɫɾѷɫ˺ܶˣ˵ĬҲѾкܳһʱûзɫôõܹ
ȷɫõİ취֮ͷųľֻҲǺܺõϡԴϴİҹڵĻɫҲѾɳ˲٣Ĭһͷų𣬾һ̰ԵĺһĬͷŶľЩɶ׮ͳľȴǳΪɫϡ
֪׮֪ԼҪɱĬǳɾĬ֪ижˡ


165 սˣ3
Ĭ΢΢ڲ˿еľ֮˳ջɫɫҲɫԱЩɫȫע⵽ʲô
ĬһУ
׮ƶĬһȣȻѾ׼ֱӳĬȥҲжΪĬһȻڳв˲Ĭ׮ԴСΪǺܲ⣬ԼĬ׮۸͸Ӳˡ
׮ƹĬ뵽ǣ׮Ǵ涭ڽˣ֮ǶҪ̬ǻпܻͨѧԺĿȻҲǺԵģһҶǿƵ׮ѧ
Ҫ˵ΪͽŵĻҪǶˣ׮ƴԼȻĬĳʲô⣬ԼǱƳѧԺĻ׮ʲôرصĴϾ׮ƵʵǱߣǶȫһˡ
һĶɺݺݵֻϣĬҪ̫ùֱӱ׮Ƹźá
ɵƺе˶׮ƵһƸס˺е㲻ҿ淢ĽʵҲѾĬ׮ƵĶֻ֣û뵽˻ô׺ݣȻɱڵ
Ĭһٵ߲Ӱؾȵľʱ
߲ӰؾΪ첻ƣһ˳׮ƵĹ׮ƷӦĬ֣ɫΧ˵ܱߣ˸
Ҳô۸ģ
Ȼ׮ƶԼôĶ⣬ĬɾãԼ׮ƻرʲôǶԲ׮ƵһƬˡѧһǷǳ𾴵ģڵȻҲˡ
ϸĻ˵ע⵽Ĭ̲صĵɫ⣬ֻû=û˻ע⵽һɣҲĬ
ɾĬڵɫһֱ׮ƵıģСػҲ˳׮ƵıǱ˵֫ٺ˵⻹ĬڶɫԸһˣһǻڶ׮ˡ
Ĭлй˼ɣԼǿ׮ƣһĨɫƵļãѾܹһ˿뿪ĬڣǿΪơֻɫǱ׮ƵڣûֱڵľһϣĬ׮ƻǺܲˡ
׮⧲ȻĬ˱ģԽŭҲҺñ˿浽ǷʲôΪԼĬɡ
һʵԼ˴ˣȻۣеı׮һ˶˷״̬һҪŪˣ
쵰ȥɣ׮ƴһȣ֮ǰпԼû¶ԼıĿĬɹ׮֮Ҳ⻹ֻ̨һͷɱĬ
ӻиżˣɺݺݵץסĸ첲ô죬ô죡Ĭ᲻˵Ķ֣ͣ
ͻе뷨һģһֻҪֹһսУĬ־Բ׮ƵĶ֣׮ѾɱģĬҲǼΪˡ
ܳϣͣ䲻ɿվڸλϵΨһֹܹ׮Ƶ˾ˣȻǺ޲Ĭȥôܻȥأ
ܳһǺǣҲûʲô취ѧԺĹ涨ڿ˹УκֹĬ˭Ҳܸǵս
ȷѧԺĹ涨ҲΪ˸һЩ־ᶨ˵ĻᣬǿԿѧԺӵʮУҲǿ˳ѧԺһ˻ʵãǾǿŶԷôᶨķϣһ㸺𿼺˵ĵҲӦɢһ£İѶԷŪˡ
ȻȻĬ׮֮ˡ
Ĭ磬ǾɡиӹĵĬ壬ڵܲܽѧԺôҪ顣ˮȶûԼҪѽ
һᣬʱĬҪ˵䣬Ҳû˰ɡ
úڳܳϺ׮˷ǴͨõģĬ䣬ҲȥӪĬῴ׮ȥĬ֮󲻹ֻҪ˵һûзӦͺˡĬΨһİ취ս
սдϣս
ŸղĬʲôû˵ѾеĵˡһֻͣϧԼȻֻվʲôΪĬвŨŨ
׮лһĨмҲĬԼѾû˴ȥĻᣬôµĲȣҲʡ顣
ôȥɣ
ǺǣĬԲˣ˭㶯Լöˣ
׮ǲһĨõЦݣ֮ǰӶԼĳŵֻҪĬһ橾ԼˣΪһ㣬׮ҲΪ


166 תƣ˳ף1
ֱ׮ƶף˵õҪԼӣȻʱ򻹺ݺݵشԼһĹʲô˵ĻҲֻ˵Լʶ˲˰ɣȻӵΪˡ
Ĭ΢΢Ŀһ䣬䵽׮ƵϣҲвмһΪŮ˵ǨŭĬΪ׮ϲ橲ûʲô⣬ĬԼҲбҪһ㣬ǸŮϲҲǺˡ
׮ȫȥ׷橣ûеõ˵ķģѾŬˡˣͲǾΪˡ
ˣÿ׮ϾҪԼʱĬͻһּٶܿԷĹÿһ׮ƶʹȫĬһһˣ˭ĵıȽ϶ҲԷǳˡ
ԭΧɫҲʼɢû뵽ΪĬ˵ԭ򣬻Ϊ׮̫࣬Ѿ֧Щˡ׮ԼҲôģϾͷųľ⻹һδŵ飬һ˾Բ뵽һ㡣
Ȼ˺İҹ֮⡣
վڲԶڿ׮ƾȻĬֵʱİҹֱӳ˳ȥԱ߻˿ţİҹԼʲô
ҩ΢΢İҹ⶯һĨЦݣ˷ǺܹĶԷѽҩ֮ǰİŲĹϵİҹڳİҲŻһʱİҹѰҩϡ
ҩҲЩˣĮɽİȻѧԺΪİҹҽܹڷȴǲ뻹ԭѽ
ǺǣܹǸѽҩһǻԴŰԵɫİҵ֪İҹڻԳѧ֮Ȥˣ֪Ҫ˳ʲôˡ
졣İҹĿһ䣬ҩеĵЦĿһ˲˲ضĬȴǲһĨЦݣдһ˿⡣֪С˶ʧġ
ҩǿһ̨ķֻھ򶷣ԼԷò΢΢ҡͷҲһЩİСӣ׼ҪƣǿϧˣҼСͽȻҴܵ⣬ȫԽ
ҩҲĬɲֵʱͷѾֱӰĬΪԼĵӡʱҩҲһֱڵĬԼȴôûеȵĬϢȴǰİҹ˹
İҹǵַ飬Ȼ֪ҩϿеСͽĬˡһͽܶȲʦ
ҩϲһԵĻҪݺݵشİҹһ٣ԼǱСӸ
ߣͷӲƽϣСͽ𣬵ȻһõˡҩǾԲԼҽȻĬΪͽܣѾ϶˶ԷĳɾһԼ
İҹȻԭأҲҩѾ뿪˵ĿѾȫĬסˣʲô˶ԼҰ֮С
ͬİҹ룬ĬѾռϷ硣
׮һһιʧܣĬһֻһôתԷԽˬˡһŭ𣬡ߣб㲻Ҫ㣡
׮ƶĬ˵⻰սҲЦˣ벻ĬȻٶȻô죬һδ˳㿪׮ƵĹȷʵϱȲ׮ƣҪӮĬҲһ׵顣֮ҲѾ֪Ƕ˶У׮Ʋûжơ
ѧԺĵӣжѾѧԺѧһΪǿ󲻿սʤĴڣ񿴵ĬƸգҲŨŨ˷ܣͺϵ˾ԼһĬľѧԺزģܵ۸ȴΪԷѹ𷴿ľ
һĬܵ˲˵׷ˡ
Ǻǣ蹫Ӳ㿪ѵվԭر򲻳ɣҲ֪Ⱥ˭ô˵һ䣬׮Ҳһ죬ԼȻκβĬɵ׮ƵĶҲʼЩˣˣ
ĬĿǺǣȻ׮ʦֶѾô˵ˣĬ̫ʦ˲ǣãҲ㣡һĬѾɹ׮ĵòˣ֮Ĳ༸ƽˣʱ
׮һݣôһĬǫԼĸоǰ첻úýѵһĬԺԼҲҪѧԺлȥˡѧԺǳǿߵģԼȻһ֪һЦ
쵰׮ƴһ͵ݡ
һῴĬڶս׮ƶ࣬жҪ˵ж˷ˡĬͣúýѵһͷģ
ò˵⻰ѹ׮һˣô࣬ԸĬһеĳ㶼Ϊ橣һ㶼û׮ƵӰΪĬ˺ʹ˶Է


167 תƣ˳ף2
׮ƲһŭҲƲĵ׵ĲʺͳޣƴԼһҲҪŪĬ
ĬһȻҲע⵽׮ı仯Ҫͬھ
屾ܵ˿׮һпɲô򵥵ģûдĬ׮۵һĨŨŨĻ棬޲ðеĶͳͳٵе˶ˣֻ׮ԼһȼŵĻ򣬻ɢƵվ̨˶ɱɻ̼ˡ
Ƿ˲ɣôð𰡣Ҳɱ׮ӸŵˣȻΪĵĻĬ׮ǻֺʲôϵ
ϲһȴǵòȵĻ֮Էٶ࣬䵽˵оͱһ񾭲׮ƾˡ
вɻһĨŨŨľȣҲ벻׮ƾȻôǵΪ࣬ãأ׻֪Ķһ㣬ڿ׮ɫ棬ϲɸֳŨŨľȡ
أؾǻҲɺݺݵؾȵˣ׮Ƿ˲ɣԴĬȻضѾˣϧȼԼڵľöʱԼ˵ǷǳΪ֮ȼԼľһ˶ɷҲ˵
Ա߹սҲɺݺݵؾˣĿһ˲˲ض̨֮ϵսеĽҹѾܼʾˡ
찡СֵܾȻôǽĬɣԶԶԣȻܲͬ죬Ȼ׮Ըˣ
ҲǴĿõģĬ̫ǿ׮ûаӮĬȻҲص
ʲôأҾҪ֪Ĭ׮ƣȻƵöԷǻԼΪҲҪɱ˵ǲĬ׮ƵŰȻôԹԱ߹սΪҵĽ͡
⻰Ҳɺݺݵس˳ǣ⵽ʲôʲôĬˣôܻŵڻȻһ
ȻȻ橿ڣԱ˵ˣǲɵ˭֪ǰض˺Ļ£˵׮ҲûŰ˵ɣһ׮ƵϲĬԲ׮ƷҪ̨Ͻ˶Էйߡ
ò˵һλѾǰʵ޵ػԭˡ
΢΢üʱȥЩ߰飬໨㾫̨ϣǿĬ׮֮ĶţҲԴѧ١
Ĭ׮ԸԼҲһҪɱԼΪҲɱʾΡҲǵһνľӢǰʮҲڻñ˲ôĳԹɡ
ͣĬһȣǴ򲻹׮ƣֻǲɾеɵΪ˶ԸԼԼΪĻȻĬУκ鶼ȲԼʵҪȥֻܾˡ
ͨˣѾǰ϶飬ĬҪõ뾫ӢѧԺıϣԼ׮϶Ѷʱ;
׮ⶼѾǼϲòһ˫ĿгŨŨѪۣ˸ͺһͷһ޲ϾǰһѵطնɱˣëѪ
໡Ĭڣ
׮ѾˣгɱĬͷ֮Ҳûκ뷨
ע⵽׮ƵģĬҲһĨ裬ڵǺһ׮֮ľ룬ĿǴһ׮ƣԽ϶ǰѾ״̬ǲҪΪ
̨ϵһһߣлһĨЩҲǷˡ
Ѿλ׮ʦֵͨʮУͨѧԺԣ㵽ֹĬɲɵЩҪ׮ԼһѣҲҪԸԸϹˡ
ڿ׮ôöûܹʰĬѾǲˬˡһĬ˵˳ĻǸ˵ĳϣҲܰ˽ıֵ̫ԡ
ţѾͨοˡôô˵ôˣҲò˲ˡ
ǲòϣԼһԽĬԽᣬ޲ֱһ˦ȥ
ĬһڸղžѾˣλųϺԾǶԼȻҲ׮ƶºˡ
ȻĬ⻰һһźӾʵĴ򶷻ȴ֤Ҫˣһ˿ʧĬҲ޿ɺǡ
ǿϧˣԺ󻹲֪ʲôʱܹôʵĻˡҲ֪˭ô̾Ϣһ
е̾ϢܿͿԱˣ׮ƶʼԱķʽԸĬˣûҪ֡
ţ𣡽Ҫ뿪̤ҵʬ߹ȥ׮һĬǰǼᶨ˵ʲôôſĬ
ӱֵĬΪˡ


168 תƣ˳ף3
ĬҪ׮ƼսȥȻ첻׮ƴˣԲưոݣ֮ѧԺҲƽĬ鷳һʱ䣬׮ĬѾ鷳Ĵʡ
򲻹ңĬ˵׮ƵţƫƫŻǿѨ磬ȷ
ƾĬһѾڳ뻯߲ӰؾٶԿԸ죬ûӰһ㣬׮ٴҪĬһѵˡ
ȻĬ⻰ȴǸӺݺݵش̼׮е񾭣Ŀһݣһ㳯Ĭ˹ǲǴùҲҪ֪Ҳ׮֮ǰһǣûаһż׳忪ŵĬ׮ҲѾƲˡ
ǺǺǣǾ㿴ʵľɣѪΪ֮··׮һ˲̨֮ϣ׮ƵͷųһĨɫĻ⣬ͺҪеĶһȼոɾһһɻصơ
׮ƣĬҲŨŨľ裬˾Ȼؿʱͻˣ
ڵʣмĲɾͲһǰˣһ׼ĿԽĬһԺȴǲκ
κʱͨҩǿͻƵʵʵȻҩõⱾʵûԼ̤̤ʵʵȥҪǿ󡣲κĬʱҲǶԷĶ֣ȴǻʣ
ò˵ĬҲûеף֪Լոôһ̼Ǽ׮еŭʹ˳ͨʵǵϣĬҲҪ˵Լжˡ
ʣȻʣ
ȫЩƲסز׮ƾȻɹ׵ʣ⵽һôš
ȻһȴǲҪĬҲ֪Ĭʲôȼ֮ǰ;ϵľе㲻һһĬѾʵ׮ƣҲɻˡ
СŮս˫ȭһ˫ӽض̨֮ϣʶסԱĸ첲ôĬܲܡĻ橲û˵ڣСŮеĽź͵Ѿײˡ
ҪţҪţĬµģµģ
˵Ҳ֪Լ⻰ڰο橶һ㣬ڰοԼһ㡣
ҵעǫ̈̄ϣȻҲû˻ע⵽һԾվ̨棬ʹһĿ䵽̨˵Ĵ򶷡
İҹһ䣬ȻǿҲ֪һİҹкܲ⡣вһ˿ţǶĬĽţɲ뿴Լѻᱻϲ̨èè۸ˡ
ͺ¶ȶΪİҹĵ˼ˡ
İҹǣĿȴҲгϣĬ˵һܺõʵоԲֻԼʵĶ֣İҹܹΪֵһʵŹ˵ı죬ʸС
ĬӦȥѧԱԼʵҪǿϺܶˣҪѧᱣԼ
ȻİҹôģȫĬȻҲǲܵģֻҪĬʲôΣգİҹǵһȥĬˡ
׮ԼҲû뵽һֱ߲ȥǽڣһĬĴ̼֮һٳɹˡһ֮ǰںĬվʱĵھҲһȫָ˹֮ǰӵǿ׮ٴζĬʱѾŵЦݣǺǣĬڣ
׮һῴĬӣѾͺڿһʬһĬȫûдĿܡ
Ĭһˣɹ㿪׮ƵĹһһ֮䣬ĬȻҲǱѪԡһҲԽﻮһĨͣҲǱƵġ
ʱĬҲûҪ׮һҪһں׮ƲԸŹԼҲòųˡ
ã
Ĭһȣһζ׮ƵĹһ׮ƷӦɵѾ˳׮Ƶĺ󱳣ֻƣֱԼʱͳĻɫ׮ƹȥ
ߺߣҪң׮һȻ㿪ĬĹȻ㲻ȥҪ֪׮ԭһ׾õǰԼĵֿﵽ˼һ㣬׮ͻƾ֮ԼµƤ͸ӼӲˣͺһֻڹһ
Ը׮ƾԲһѡ
ҿǺţ
ĬһݣҲҪ׮ǲǾѾԼ˴ɽףѵ򲻶ˣϵһ㶼ᡣ
Ǻǣ
ע⵽ĬϰصĨ⣬İҹѾ׹ˣ΢΢һҪ已̥ȥֿҲЩˡ


169 һս˳ͨ1
е˶ĬҲһùǳϵôˣĬ׮Ƶĺ󱳣׮ϵȻǺܺÿеҲûж뷨Ͼ˭˺󱳣ܻЩġ
Ĭһµж˿϶׮ˣһĬĹŨŨľȣͺԼʼλһʹöЩˡһòҰףûж
׮вʣԲܣһת˼ؿĬͺǰ˾һһôġ
ⲻܣ㣬㡭
Ĭ΢΢һѾȷһ׮ܵ˿ǲ壬˵ˣϵҲǲᣬ׮ԼĻʲô취
㲡Ҫ˵ľ
ԷѾ򶨾ҪɱԼĬһڶ׮ƵʱҲҪ̫Ŀһ䣬ǻعһĨаȵЦݣھǿҵˣ
ֻĬ׮ƹȥı֮ǰػսķһ˿ȥͺһıһź⣬˶ҿ
һսƱе˶ˣѾȫ˴еĽҲԿ˵ǵ춨ĬѧԺеĵλһոѧȴֳܹȫͬڳ˵ʵһǿߵУĬȻѾΪ˴еǸǿߣ
׮ʶҪ㿪ԼھȻĪƣŲ۾һ嶼Եƣ˺ܶࡣ׮ϸע⣬ԼһɫĻԼλ÷ȼţϵľΪԭһУӶһҲԽԽԭССһѾΪһŻ棬׮ڵжپȫյġ
һԼڵľȼգĬĹȻ׮ҲԵЩƣԿˡ
вŨŨľȣһҲˣղĬһǳɹ˵׮ƣȻҲĬϹʱҲû֣ŲҲԵòִ˺ܶ࣬ͺϾҪԷһ
һҪ˵˵һҪǻˡ
СŮƵ⣬ϵЦôǿƲסһĨ貵ЦݣĬĬ̫ˣҾ֪Ĭģúýѵһͷ
橿һ㶼ûԼĬĳݺϲ֮飬׮һᣬǲɹһĨɬȻĻȣĬԼؿڹʱ򣬾ͺѾ֪ԼĬĶ֣Ѿû˵ֿ
˿һۻ橣֮Ѿע֣׮ҲɾԼħһϲĬʲôףԸСŮܹҸ֮⣬ĶԲֵġ
һ׮Ƴ嶯ˣԼĬܣǻҪĽ׮ҲԾ˻еԸɡ
Ĭһ׮ƶԼĶ⵽ǴӺζˣһжһ˰ɡ
׮ѾûжΣգĬԼں׮һսеõ˲ٵĺôղǣ˲׮ڵһĨɫ𣬿׮ڵľϲֶ̨βǳɹӮ׮ƣʵҲȷǺܹʡ
Ĭһջϵ׮Ƶʱ򲢲˶ԷȴҲ˳ջ׮ڵĨѾιҲ˰ɡ
׮ԭΪԼξǲҲˣȻĬȻŹ
вŨŨľȣ˼ĿĬƺҲǿˡ
Ϊʲô
Ĭջظ첲һ΢΢ˣ׮ʦ֣ǶѧԺѧֺαɱ
Թ۵˿ĬģֱԴһɫĳ΢ڶƵģƺȫκ鶼ϣҪԼصҲܹݵķŹӿ͹ԳĬΪ˵Ĵؽ
͹һ۵ʱ䣬Ĭ֪ԼͨһսǷ²˶ŮӵĻˡȻڳǱĬǿƵģ𺳵ˣѧԺĵӣ֪Ĭһ֮ȻӮ˾Ӣǰʮ׮ƣǿıҲ㹻𺳵ˡ
ڻûʽΪѧԺĵӣĬѾԼǿƵежһ𺳣
׮ƶĬϲ⣬ͻȻ֮ѾԼĬ֮Ĳֿ࣬ؾͲһ˿ġţֻҪĬ㹻ʱ䣬һΪ˶Сľɫ𾪡
һۻ橣СŮڿĬʱһ˫۾ǻᷢһһ׮ҲѾˣǿ
ףԸ֮⣬ʲôˡ
Ӯˡ׮Ƶ˵ڳԼʧֺγһ
ĬһͣʱȻɶ׮˶˼ϲһѪԸҵ˿ǱֻװǻƵ˺̫ˡ


170 һս˳ͨ2
Ĭߵ׮Ƶǰ׮ƷжԼĳԹ˵ܳΪѡԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬ׮ôܹ˳ﵽʾԿԱΪˡ
ĬŹ׮ƵΪѾ˾ˣĬΪ͸ˡֻĬԼͳһµİƿǿƿӾͿ֪Ķֵơ
ҲһͣвһĨȣĪװҩҩҲܰɣҪ֪ҩǼΪѵõģҲҪ򵽵ҩڲ½ҩʦΪȱ٣ǺĵҩʦɹƳһöҩҲףµҩļֵڽѾ޼۵ĵز
ĬǵҶѵΨһĶӣ˵ĬܹӵһöҩҲܹ⣬Ҫʲô
С꿴ĬĶһĬƵĵҩˣⲻԼƽʱƵǶԼҪʳó˰ɡ
ȻҪ˵˽ĬСԿ˵ǵһ
Ĭ΢΢ȻҲ׶ڵһŵҩҪԺͼֵƲ¶˵ľĵӰƿﵹһɫĵҩݵ׮Ƶǰ׮ʦ֣ǿ˵ĵҩһŰɣӦûϣԺǿԳΪѡ
׮ҲȫĬĶ𾪵ˣ˼ضĬǵҩ˵ĵҩĬȻô㲻۵͸
㣬Ҫ͸ң
˺һᣬ׮ҵԼĺĬȻô󷽣ĵҩó˵ġǻʲôˣ׮лܹ⣬ǸղҪɱĬЩ񾭲
Ĭ΢΢˳飬ڱʮĶĲֵټֵܹһ׮һѣΪġ
صͷô¶ɣĬ׮ǺЦ
׮ĬüôϵˣӹĬݹĵҩҲͷŽһȥ
ĬôܻԼ¶ڸղŵİʱֻҪһȫɱԼȴûôˣȻôԼ¶ҩ¶ǣ׮͸оԼ֫ٺһˬĸоһӵ׮ԭ˵඼ڲϵظԭš
ԲһĵҩƷҲԲͣ
׮Ѿ֪ҪʲôԱԼ˿̾ȵ飬ô˲ԼѾȫϿĬҲֵֻ𾴡Ĭ¶һЦݣлл׮ƣӭѧԺھӢѧԺ㡣
׮ƻ࣬⻰ȴҲֱӱ¶Լ̬ȣϿĬĬһԽ뾫ӢѧԺǶĬһֺܸߵİˡ
ĬĵҩȷǷǳǿ󣬲һʱ䣬׮ƶоԼϻʹҲѾǺ˺ܶ࣬һЩľ˺ҲڵҩһȬˣвɻһĨŨŨľϲһжĬİ
ĬһصصͷԼ˿Ѿõ׮ƵϿɣԷѾԼʵҪΪҲһѵ顣
ãҽ뾫ӢѧԺҪ׮ѧд裬λҪлѧ顣Ĭֽˣǰôǫ顣
׮΢΢ͷãȾơҲ¶׮ѾĬһǳҪˡ
Ĭ׮ƵսҲĻҶķǳҪ˵ĬͨⳡˣʵҲѾһ̫ľˡ
ܳлһĨŨŨݣݺݵصĬһۣ˻ǲκεĬˣбۿһ׮ƣлһĨмһһĬ㲻Ȼñ˴Źʡ
ȻҲףΪʵ̫ǿ
ҲȻһɣûгʲôĲѾǺܺˣһʼڴûдĬĴ򶷣׮ƻԼиʹԼҲڶսĬʱ򣬿͸ѿˡ
ôһ룬׮Լ飬Īһתһ룬ֲ׮ҪԸĬ㵽ֹȻҲĳͻ
ͺãʦܣϲ˳ͨѧԺˡҲһˣǸղſĬʵ;˵ȵ˾ӢѧԺҲԿ˵ǿߡھͽþԲϻһĨЦݣʦܣ׮ʦֺȾƵʱ򣬿ɲҪҡ
ĬͷǸղŶͱ˽ҲԿԸ񲻴ȻҲԸύѡȻȻ˶ѧ


171 һս˳ͨ3
ȻദĵҲǺڣر׮ƺĬˣȻͲǸոնһӣȻһӳΪ˿Խĵѣò˵ҲǺ˾ȵˡ
ĬӳҶΪĬÿһ·Ƕǿߵ𾴡
Ĭ磬̫ˣ橵һʶҪĬһӵСŮ˴Ĭ·ֻĬѾһ˴Ӻˡ
о󾢷ϮĬܵһɷ˫ȭĲ˵ͳĬһԭİҹľһӷתİҹϤգϵľϲ֮ԣҹôҲˡ
֮ǰİҹǿԼͻ뿪Ҳû˵Ҫˣʱ򿴵İҹĬȻǲ
˵벻ῴ㣬ҲҲҪѧԺ𣡡Ĭڿİҹ֮һ˫۾ڷ⣬ƺ˵ĶᱻֱӺˣֻʣİҹһˡ
İҹǹһĨ޵Цݣһᣬҹ㣬ܲ
õİҹĿ϶Ĭ˵Ļͺһõ˴˿佱СһѿһĨõĻȣܹõĿ佱Ҳǲװ
⼸ĬıİҹŰ̫ˣⶼѾϰİҹһģһõ佱ǱʲôҪġ
Ĭ⻰İҹлһĨΣ΢΢Ҳɿʼ˼ǲԼƽʱĬҪ̫ˡǸղĬǸ˵սİҹվĬĽǶϣҲһĺá
ܺãȷܺá
ĬɺݺݵصͷеЦôƲסҪлл㣬ҹÿҽҲͨˡˣȾơ
ĬһɫİҹŲɫۣվһȻֹĺгͺԭӦôվһһһһŮͿ϶Ҫ̾ѵõһˡ
վһ𣬱˴֮Ĭκ˶岻ȥᣬ橿ŲҲֻܰеĲʾڲС
Ĭ磬ǲһȥףһ°ɡҲʱ̲ԼһʵĴڸУСŮ˿ɲҪһĬǻվأֻܾܲɽɡһתñ䵽˴Ӻ߹Ļϣǰһĸ磬Ҳˡ
Ѿվ￴˺ܾˣȻĿĬǿ֮жĬҲˢ֪
΢΢ͷǻһĨЦݣߵߣصһĶͷǳ硣԰ˣôܲأ
ͳ񣬾ڳеŮ˶һĽ橵ͬʱҪ̾һȻǷεĻӣ崺ЦݺԡȻҲΪŮ˵ɱ֣һͰһСŮ˶Եˡ
ǳԼϲһĨǵȻҿɲûиǶɡԼղŵı֣лǺġ
Ųܺá
תͷĬİҹˣҲһ˿أǶǿߵľأ˾ȡ֮ǰѾİҹǿ֮ǿĬвΪ⣬ˡ
ϵЦֿر䵽Ĭϵ⣬ܾôű⡣
蹫ӣİӣ֪ûʱ䣬ҲǸ橺蹫˳ѧԺףһɡģκһ˶ܾ⻰
İҹ⣬һĬȻĬԼͬˣİҹȻҲһͬǰˡ
ػҲǿˣȻ˵ʵ˵İҹһʱİҹڲϲ뽻ˣҪİҹĬ־һѡ
Ĭʵİҹһ˼ϲͻʼҵ˶ĬиԼڻûǵʱѾӣʱٲĻӣ͵ȷе˵ȥˡپĬλĻӾֹ񣬲ܶԷǴʲôԭǱȻ˺ܶˡ
ͨһ㣬ĬһɣǾҪ鷳Ļˡ
õĬ϶Ļش𣬻ҲһӺһĬȷҪİҹദܶ࣬ǸĿʼ
ʲôģѣҳݡ
̬ҲѾһУһδжѾˣʼҵ˶Ĭ̬ҲһȻҲǰĬ˿ˣСδǻˡ
Щ˻źв̾ϢòŻһŮǺͱ˵ˣȻҲвŮ̾ϢԼոҵеĽ˼Ѿ˻ʼҿеˣٽ輸ҲҺͻԣֻܼתĿˡ
˻ǺܿĬͻ֮ĸġ


172 ĿԴУ1
Ҳ֪ǿ˭һһ˶ƲߵˣֱӳǰȥĬҲɶӭ߹˸ע
ѵŮ˻һɲضһŮˣĬעĻض԰׵Ůӡ˺ܶŮӣȴҲɱˣһŮˣ
ֻƸ٣ͷбһ֧οΣһϮɫĿ˿ƶѣϴһ˫˫ɫпȸܽЬ̤ĲƾͲ˾öĿһ¡
ضԱߵ˭ĬɵʵƺҲûָ˻شԼ⡣
һڿ橵Ķ֮󣬾ֿ֪ԿˣֻüĲ΢΢𣬶ضмΪԸ⿴
佫֮ŮѾͷСͺộһҪˡ˵ϵɫҲôȻȻ֮ᷢҲǺҪһԼĻãһ󽫾ĵŮҪԶԶġ
Ĭȴǲһòԭ
Ӵﵽ֮ĬѾ֪ٴδӱ˿֣λĵŮ˳Ů𣬱ʵ;òȻΪŮȴǽü㶼ж١
˳޵ĲʵΪŮҪԭΪܹڿ˱˵书֮ٵؼǵͺһٿȫһССȴѾΪʦָˡһڼ򵥵ָ㣬ȴǿ˲éٿҵԼΪȱݵĵط
һôˡ
Ĭ֮ǰѾλŮŨȤҲû뵽ڽԷҲɻŨŨľޣһ˰
İҹһĬ⿴űŮ۷ŹӣоȻһ˿ĪĲˬ˵㿴Ůˡ
İҹ⻰һĬҲסˣתͷİҹɫĪĿ⣬ɻ˵ҹں˵
ôܣ
ĬҲҪİҹ⻰ŵˣĿѾ˲ᰡʶҡͷǲ֪뵽ʲôǵ˵ͷԱվŵ˶ЩĬ⻰ʲô˼ˣĪĬǿ
һоȻĪһҲҺʱ橳Ǳ߹ȥˣ֪Ĭش𣬲Ȼ֪СŮ˻ֳʲô
ĬĻشİҹԽˣ޵ؿҲһͨŮˣôûпԷһܺĶˡ
Ҳ˳˵ԴһĨá
Ĭɲôã֪İҹӣ£ְԾǸӲ˽ˡİҹ֮ܵǰ˵Ůָ˵书дڵȱ㣬ŲһһŮ
ò˵ĬҲǼõģü¶Ŀ϶
⻰䵽˻橵ĶвһĨʣݺݵصһŮ˹ʲôѲɻҪԼ˲ɡ
ȻҲͻл뷨Ҫ֪ǲЩû顣
ߺߣӴôӽˣҿѾͨѧԺˣͿˣʱͺȫһһ̱ģĬЩŮ˾Ȼǻˡ
ϻ橵ƣϵ鲢ûзκα仯ͺʲôûһߵǰһҾĻӣԹӣòˡŮƵģͶ֮䶼һĨȻɵˬɫĽ΢΢ɷǺÿ
лǺϲλ˵ˣ΢΢ͷﲻöҲμӽĿ˵İɡ
΢΢ͷԭμӽĿˣضӲҲþܾ֪橣ǾԲġ
аУУ橾һСѾͷˣȻͶԷƽʲôοǻΪ谮СѾܺһˡ
Խǲͻ橼ƽϵģ䵽λСУȫ˶ԷԼģԽŻŸˡ
İҹ뿴ǰɫµŮˣǻǿʲô˵ĵطü΢ƺ˼һ
İҹĿ̫ȣĬЩȥղŻԼǲǿ˼ңһÿӣİҹԼԲŻиղһ˵һ֪ôģĬҲϲİҹӣİҹ䡣
İҹ΢΢һ㶣ƺûĬʲô˼תͷĬĿ⣬лһĨԵɻ
ôˣ


173 ĿԴУ2
ȻǱİҹˣĬʶƲԴͺǸղŸͲԼһǹһĨЦݣ˼ҹ۾ֱ˰ĬҲûע⵽Լ˵⻰ʱĵ׾ȻһĨôõĸо
İҹĿ΢΢һ㶣˼ҹ۾ֱˣ˵ĬԼɣš
ĬҲһ£һšʲô˼ĪİҹǿɣĿ䵽ϣȷһѵõŮᱻİҹҲһҲɴһ˿ޣʵҲһɿɣûмʶԷ汾찡
ӲˣĿһǰ棬ü΢ڵ˵Ҫս֮оһһģ
ϻ˵ģлһ˿ŨŨΣҪͻ橱ʲôζԷͺǿԼһҲӲ΢΢ͷã֮󡣡
Ļش𣬾ǻҲһĨŨŨľȣȻͬˣ
Ҫ֪ô橶ǱѰŷ˹ȥ⻹һֱ橵սβûоȵġ
㾹Ȼͬˣ
΢΢ͷǲһĨЦݣԣⲻҲ橹ҪĽ𣡡
ôһ˵橷Щ˼ˣ˵ĺԼͬԼıȽԲǹһصصͷǵȻ֮㲻ҪǰҸ취ȥͺˡ
⻰ҲǲƺѾǿ֮ĽԲ䣡
λ橿ǶԼҸĬ˾Ѿ㹻û橲Ϸܶˡ
Ȼ橵ⷬ˼עҪĬˣ橺˶ս˭ʤ˭Ŀ䵽ϣ˵Ĭ֪ɷҵõָ㡣
ò˵ĬģվǱ߾ͿŮӵĻģ˶а֮ģõ˶һȻĿݡ
ĬһȻǺϲţھǷ鶼һǰ˱ǻ˰ɡ
Ĭһʱ֣ҵһӦǸҵķϲ󻹱ض˻λٴĬһж췭ظı仯ĬǷϲģܹܾӢǰʮ׮Ƶ꣬ǻеİӡ
Ǽλ蹫ӣɫ䣬һʱ䣬жĬˡǴһĨЦݣϲģҲûΪղӮ׮жٽʵǹˣڸղĬҲģ˵ǾȻҲ㡣
ΪԼҲѾǲȺ飬˵Լʵǿ󣬿ָԼ˵ı졣ȻȻҲĬ㣬Ϊȵ飡
ĬһȻҲ˼ֺøУ蹫Ӵռ蹫ӵַǷҲΪ˵⻰ɾѾǳѵˣҪ֪ǰһУҲ©ٳġ
⻰ڿ϶Ĭ书
Ĭ̬ȣһĿ䵽ĬϴҲû뵽ĬȻôǿ
Ĭľо͵һˣֱӳ˵ضһѾǲѿˡضɺݺݵȭ䵽ĬϣϹһĨŨŨĶݣСˣ׮ǸɣȻһﶼ㲻ӻĬˡ
ȷضУĬԶǳʱǸķѾۿĬ֮ضҲԸϡһϣͺڴԼһŹôõһδ
һ㣬ض;Բܽܡ
橾һ㶼ˣֱӵĬ֮䣬ŭĿӣҸ㣬Ĭ粻ܹģȻҾԲŹ㣡
ŮһĽ
Աߵ˲ǺͿ˻橺֮Ķţ⾩ڴλŮȻΪһ˶ͻһͿ˵һǳѵõĴϢˡ
΢΢һ飬橶λ蹫Ⱑ˺һ橹˵Цˡ
ĬҲˣڻʱ̲ǴԼߵŮ˵Ϊ׻мֲġ橣һҪֽһ
һɬίؿĬԼղģһĬ粻ϲˡСŮȻٶĲԸ⣬á˵ŻͶȥһĿ⡣


174 ĿԴУ3
Ĭ΢΢һһ񣬡ﲻҪֲźá»ڴ֣֮Ҳֽһ
һһĬʲôû˵΢΢˵ͷ
ͻȻһΪʲô橻ôϲĬĳ̶˵ҲͦģĬ˵˰쾹ȻҲҪԼսġȻ֮ĿĻкܴĲ
ضվ֮󣬾ضĬĿɱ˵ĻѾضɱ˲֪ٱˡк޼ضҪúһĬȴǲõĽԽʡ
һźߣЩҲԼúõһԼҪʱݺݵضӾﶼ֪ѧԺ˲űɲôûĵط
ض⻰ɲǶĬ˵ģŮУĬѧԺĴŶȥĬΪѧԺĵӣҪӢѧԺֱǸ
ģضǴһĨ񶾵ЦݣŹ˵С˼У˿Щθ
ض⻰üһȻԽԽˣڿĬ֮󣬶ҪöԷضûӵģȻһỹҪĬ
Ĭض£㲻Ҫ֡ĬȭҾҲΪض飬ҪûӵˡԵĻһᶼҪض̥¯ˣصضһۣ棬ضǸ
ضһͣı飬ЩµġҪ˵ضԼλ绹ְ־ģĲ鲻ԸضĬ˵һ䣬Բ𡣡ķܿˡ
ģֱθۣҪݺݵشһˡ֮ǰǾԼƽʱʱҲͦģͱദʱҲܺá֮ЩͬҲʲôһľҲҲض޴Ůˡ
ض
ĬĲ鲻ԸĵǸͻ˰ɣ΢΢˹жЩ޹ؽҪ˵Ŀ÷ϣ΢΢ҡҡͷˣûʲô顣
İҹòǲĿһضĿ⻮۵ȴǲһĨɫסŮˡ΢΢˵ֲĵǸĬɡ
һǱİҹ˵ˣֲñˣֻܺݺݵصһضһҲףһ˵ʲôõģܹԵضģƺǵСʱضһϲŮӣһжˡ
ˡضڼôܳˡǰضڼŮôֳˡ
ضش𣬻ȿˣһؿضߣǼĬ绹Щˡüж͸ŶĬάԲʲôıĵطȻĬ׷߰±˲֪һ
ضɺݺݵس˳ǣоͲףôῴĬˡ
橣ǿ˻Ҫ࿴һЩ飬ɲܱԷıסˡ
ض⻰˵橱ĬıԻסˡ
вˬˣŮԼȳͲҪ˵ˣһͻȻԼض˵ֽԼĸоǺǣǲҪ˵ˣ֮а˵ѾѧԺѧҲԲУضҪҪμӰ
ضҲǾӢѧԺѧҲ˵ҲԲ뵽аıȥ
⻰ضѾʱضһֱĬϣټϻʱҲôضȫˣûж˼ϣʵȻҲûжٽġȥμа»һ
ϻƵ⣬ضݺݵһ΢΢ҡͷҾͲμˣаӵʱҾͲȥˣҪͣξҲܼأ
ԭаǰһپܹӵн뾫ӢѧԺĻᣬȴǳ˸ĸֱӱǰʮܽУеѹǱ겻֪˶ٱˡ
΢΢һ֪ضңߣȻҾðɣǻҪѸľϣһЩ߰飬ʵҲˡ
⻰ضô;ô̶أȷɲ˵ԼŮһҲòϣԼϻ̫ʱ;ˣӦøһˡ
橣ĵܣ֣ôջһˣҲңӺǻһĨЦݣĿ䵽橵ϣ橲ѧԺ˵ӣ橿ɲҪûмʱ#####е㲻ֲ˵Ҽء


175 ͻ1
˵⻰˿ɲǻˡ
ҲѾкܳһʱûгڴҵУʱλӿһֱԼĸϲûôţѾרעԼΪһϿҲоȵˣҪ֪⻰Ļӻϻܹ⣬ԲרעΪʵˡ
ڻʱͺȫһһҲòоȵˡ
һῴҲˣƺкܳһʱûôˣλӶȻ˲ʵôҺˡ
Ҫ˵ΪľضˣѾüûпˣԼȥӸȥһᱻ˸⣬Ŷ롣
ضһͣһᾹȻ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
ĿֻǶض΢΢ͷûʲôʾ˶ֻԼΪҪġΪضȥǣԼŻضŨŨ
橲΢΢ҡͷôأ˵һֱڱչ֪еõʲôͻƣʱҪúָһСòǣ
Իʱ򣬿ԺԵĸܵϵҲһЩһЩʽЦݣȻĻӺ֮䣬橺Ļ֮ĹϵҪӺһЩ
˵Ϊ⣬ǻеʹΪԼ⣬Ҳôһʱ䶼ûгšǻʼҵˣϣľԿ޷졣
һƵᣬҲɣڼ֣ǱҲǵõһЩССĸɡģ֪˻Ҫĵõʲô˲ĸ
֪ĬȴǲɹһĨаȵЦݣҪ˵ţǻģŲ鸡Ҫ˵ȥˣˣôֻ˼ϵˡ
СĵǣĬʱ뿪ǵʱԼڻڵĨ棬һȻܵʲôһܲϢˡ΢΢Ȼӣߵ־ʿҲǲ٣ǰƷӡ˰ɡ
İҹȻѾЩͷˣֻĬһˣоͱ һ鷳ˡؿһۻ۵׻һĨĬ߰ɡ
ĬȻҲͣˣصص˵ͷţ߰ɡ˵˴кҲǺܷ㣬Ĭҹһپۡ
һ£
һʱסĬȥ·ǳĬģĬˣôһҲ˺ܶ塣
ڻҲˣĬһѡԼڵĨܾĬĹ̫ˣһֱ̣˵ΪһĬҲûжʲôͣԲŻᡣ
һֻҪԼڻ⣬ͳͳҪˡ
ĬҪһ֪蹫ӿɷʱڷ¥һ𣡡
û˵⻰ѾǳˣΪԼ壬ֻѡЭ
İҹһһۻƺ˼еڴʲôһ
֣ɲôҪĬһôи󵽣ôܹûĬദʱʲôֻҪҪ˵ģͳͳܷŹ
ĬĿһлһĨȻȻҲѾµ˻һе⣬˵ҲͦģһʱѾµԼʩ˻棬ǵھʧ
ܻ橣ĿƵ䵽ĬУڶģĬǸˣֻôأ
ĬϴǼ֮һЩᣬϣӰɣҲð֮ǰЩҺܿģһ࣬ȴֳֵıʾ˶ĬĺøУģضҲɿĺͿˡ
ʲôʱеһжˣͺֻضһûиı䣬ָоһֻֿŵĸо
ôᡭض֪ʲôԼеĸˡ
ض۵׻һĨȻһŮˣѾˣʽǸʱôӳˣȻضԷչҲҺÿ磬ȻŮ˸ס˾;Բһ׵顣
Ĭ֣Ĳһ𣡡
Ĭǳ˳飬ǻʼҵ˵̬ȣҪʲôһҪŬܱлôģֻҪĽǺõľͿԡҲһǻôԼвĬ˺ͬҪ˼
İҹĿһȻҲע⵽˻⻰˼۵׻һĨԵĲˬĿʾ⣬ĬȥȫԲȥ
ŵˡ


176 ͻ2
ĬһůܵİҹᣬȴǲһĨЦݣ΢΢ͷڿǻĬȻˡӭϻȻԣ룬Ĭôܹƴأ
дҲ֪Ĭ֮ľףһлΪһŮˡضѾĬ˻ĬȴھǴŹʣõ橵ϲһжѾõһƽ⡣
⼸еô뷨ֻԼˡǻʼҵ飬кԣҲֻˡ
һĬ̬ȣϵɫҲ˺ܶࡣ
ãڷ¥Ѿλã蹫һˡҪע⣬Ǿֻ˵Ĭһˣ˷ͲĿǷΧ֮ڡ
ϻ̬ȣо͸Ӳˣ֣Ĭ춼Ѿ˵˺һ𣡡ⶼѾ˵˴һף˳ͨˣڻҪĬߣⲻء
ĬȻܹ׻ҪԼ˵飬Ȼǲ֪ģȻӵɾͲˡ
ĬڣطǻΧ橣飬ǾͲҪˣԺܻлᡣ
žǻҲ뵽ʱȻǻվԼΧɡԻʱҲȾһĨ΢ЦҲҪϣԼĻʵõĵһ
λҪ橸һˡ
ȻѾ˵Լ˵ʲôҲûˣֻܲˬص˵ͷ˵ǺðɣҿǺ˵ˣɲ׼۸Ĭ磬ȻҾȥ߸״
ʵ˵ô࣬ĵĻĬڻϳԿˡ
ǵȻ֤һ蹫ӡҲЦˣԼСѾĬĶˣȫϲˡ
İҹһǶһ˵Һһȥ
ܹԸܵϴĲ⣬ܷܲĬһȥֱĵˡ
С֮ǰһֱû˵ҶҪСѾͷˡ
ҹ磬Һ͸һȥɡСŮаӣǾԲʲôвСŮĿתλ˧ĸ磬ҺĬһֱûзֿܴܲҵĸ磬Ұɡ
ĿһȻҲ֪СĴڣһֱĬһСŮ΢΢ͷȻһСȫϣһСŮܹʲô˲ɡ
ܿͻΪԼһʱĴеĺڣһͨСŮһƻֱֲ̫ˣ˴ֲ
Է֡
¥¥İᡣ
ҲʣĬûлˣ̵˶һ𱻻˳ȥʱҲҪԼĿĬ¶һĨȵĻȣһֱһɻ󣬲֪蹫ܸܲһࡣ
ǵʱĬһڵŻѯˡ
һڣе㲻ϰˡȻʲôʵģֱӿھͺãֻҪĬܹæģһƴǡ
ò˵Ĭ̬ȵҲûк⣬΢΢Ҳ֣Դϴδǻ֮ҵͺ˵⣬ˮⲻҪ蹫ָһûаѻ˵ף⻰е˼ҲѾǺˡ
ĬĿɾڵŻ仰ˡ
ʱȻֱӱֳǡô¶һĨɻ󣬡ô£ӳʲôɾĶǵĬҲ΢һҽӲĻĬӿһ¡
СԱ߿ţ͵ЦˣĬڻͷŵȴǱֳʲô֪ӣȴҲòĬһߵüá
лһĨѾΨһܹˡ
ȻĬܹﱾӽ⣬֮ǰʲô飬Ǿ͵ʲôûзһнӹӻᾡ蹫ӵԸڻѾʶĬı֮ȫԸĬ˼
佻һǿˣͶԷã֮ԭûʲôһҪһ飬һеԭضˡ
ĬлʲôŲµģҲ԰һڶ
⻰ҲҺض֪˿ɲΪԼ壬Ѿ׼ض˼ˡ
ĬлһĨмһԼŮ˶Էʲôܷءǫ˵Ĭ֪ܲܰӵæȵ˽֮˵ɡ


177 ͻ3
ĬѾô˵ˣȻҲٶ˵ʲôвȾһĨС
ǲĬ͸ҿɣ㡣
ʱ䣬ѾܹԼڵľϵؼ٣ɹӡڵĨҵĶԼĵľҲô׾ͿԲġ
ãȻĬ߹ȥִڻϣ֮ǰԼҲźͻڵɫȡϵȴûжķӦҲԳ
ҲĬĬİСĵͷųһĨǱȥ̽ڵĨ
Ĭ΢΢˫ۣƺרĸŻһҲĬܹɷŵ˺Ĭİ
˳Ż̽壬ԭһϵֱӳķȥȻһϢʱ䣬ҵڵ
ò˵ʱڻҲǵõ˲ٺôĬҲɾˣʱֻܿƾź˳ɹǱ˻ڡҪ˵Ӧûرǿһʱ侹Ȼȫһˡ
ԭԺԲƵһȻ̶̵ʱɳΪһӣһػܵڻȼţȻһǱһĨɫϱΧţܹһģȫûбģ
ĬҲɺݺݵس˳ǣػĨΪԲŲ붯ΪǵɫԲǽĽŲ
С𣿣
ĬͷŽڵлһĨԼʶǰҪֳһܾСһﶼҪͻˡȻһأƺѾʼ״̬ԼעĻһԱȽϻ͵ķʽȡڵľٶѾôˡ
ϤɫһͺҵϤһһģ˵ǳķǰǵɫϡ˲ɫѰɫɵһɶⶼûһͣٵġ
ͣǰ棬ȻĨĬڷֳȥɫҲѾγԼǣǼǵԼ˵ϢⲻԼΪҪԼ˸ʱٴμĬˡɫ˵һһΧ´ܶ
ĬҲ˽˫ۣؿĿҲȾһ˿ȣ˵ʲô취֤Լһֱôྡྷ˵ôǿľι˻򣬻ܹݽߣڵжľ
ĬԸоԼ׮ϵõԶԶ˵Ķ࣬ǻʵɲôǿ
һҲʲôɸ˵İ취ɡ
ɫĬ˷ܵڵܶͿ˻ˣԸܵԼںò׻ľ˲ҪΪһգŨŨĵĺͺ¡
Ĭʲô취ĬĹ˵ʲôŵġ
ĬڻھԲһ飬ʱҲҪССĳһ¶Էˡ΢΢ͷţѾҵһѻ棬ҲǵӾʧֻҪȥͿԻָˡ
⻰Ĭ˵֪ģҪҪôȥڵ档
˺ݺݵرһ˵Ĭа취ȥ棬ֻҪʲôҪҶ㣡ڻô˵ȵԼ⣬ֻôһ׮ˡ
ĬԴһĨΪѣݺݵüģȻô׾Ͱ˻Ȼ˼п϶ỳˡ
Ҳһˣֱ˵Ĭʲô֮֮Ҫôģֱ˵ǡ
˻⻰Ĭǻ˵ҪȥڵĻҲһ׵顣ĬҲӣڵĻӦǺźܴĹϵ֮ǰǳһǵ𣬻ˣڵľΪϣҲвܵΪѣҵ˰취𡣡
˵Ĭ΢΢˶٣һۻƺ˵ôùһ
ĨǰϱȥҲѾʧ˺ܾˣ벻ӵϳ֡
ҲЩùĬ˵ĵǲģڵ֮ȥڵĻ档ݺݵһĬȻ֮ˣ϶֪һЩ飬Ҫʲô취ȥźã


178 ׳λӣ1
ĬƺΪѣڻٰΪ֮²ڿ˵Ĭȷ֪һЩҪҩĿɶֵƣмӻҪܵί
һǮҩĵʱʲôȱӲЩ
ЩĬصģֻҪдҩͳͳҲʹࡣʱ䶼ѾܹڻĥֻǾסݵʹ࣬Իõƽûʲôġ
ĬһƺҲǱľĸжˣ΢΢һǺãĬһԼܰ棬ǻҪټգĬҲ׼һ£֮ѧԺ֮רΪ棡
޲ھĬΪԼ£ͲھͿʼ𣡡ż
īԸΪӽͷ󻼣мջбҪȥġĬһϵҲ࣬ɵûҲǹغԼĴ飬Ĭʲôֱ˵ͺãһᾡ
ĬҲЦˣȻҲֻ˵סˣ˵㲻̫ڽţӶȻܹջҪڸоիԡʳ֮󣬵ȻҰҪҩд⻹ҪӶˣЩ׼׵֮󣬱ȥʱ򡣡
΢΢һ뵽һ飬ϵҲЩȻˡһ黹Ҫϵܴ
ôܹĬĬĸˡ˵ΥĵĻĬҪԼˣȴһûС
С꿴ĬѻŪɵ㶵ǵģƺĬ˵ʲôһһЦʱҪŲ¶ݣɱʾԼҲడ
ԵԴȥ֮Ľͺʲô֪簲ͷԶøӺһЩ
ֻ˵ҲԴһĨ˼ˣȷ鵱˵Щá
Ҫԡ£իգôǲǱʾջܿŮɫ⻰˵ί񣬲ĬȻҲˣʱ䣬ҪҪôʣⶼ̲ס
һ룬ҲǸԼ֮ǰ뷨ȥɲֻǱΪô򵥣ص顣Ų鸡۽Ƿ࣬ȵģô뵹ҲЩضˣŮǷ֪Լе˻ģأ
Ȼ𰸵ѾôҪˡ
ϻŵĿ⣬Ĭ΢΢˽ȻϵɫҲôÿǵ˵ԵĻûԶŮɫȽϺãȻҲһҪڵ𲢲Ǻܺܿ
ãˣЩ黹ҪĬˣҶˡ΢΢ͷȻôһ̸ۣжĬҲ˼Σһʱ䶼ѾĬǿ֮ˡֻҪĬκͿȫˡ
˵˹£ҲɷһĬЦЦöԵ㣡ϲʲôֱ˵ͺãҿʲôȻỹҪĬ͵ܰҪ׼õҩдΪֺ׼ǡ
Ĭ϶ĵͷȻھдɣֵ֮ܺúúһ
ɲǺõĬһ仰ˣĬԼ黹ôģҲɿĬˡúúãǾҪ鷳Ĭ͵ˣΪֶСһһҲҺý׮ƲĬĶ֣Ȼˡ
Ĭ΢΢һЦԱϵֽʾͰԼҪҩдһ˵ЩҪӶˣЩҩĿܱȽһ㡣
ǧ֥ѩ֣ɽѩĶɶһЩмеĶĬоţǻӣܻԼİ취㵽Щҩˡ
Ȼ㿴һĬҩЩҩĲûзϣдԵһ飬ԼϴϻǿԴյЩҩģʣûеȫõµȥջǲĻֻһˣЩҩĲʲô⡣
Ĭ͵ܾܷģЩҩĵ飬Ϊһ㶨ģֻҪպΪֽһͺáһᶼѾĬԼĹˣʵԼǵ˶ˣһԼڵʱ޲ˡ
ã⻰ҲˡϣЩҩϻ㱸ñȽϺãĬҲ׼Ĭһһģš
Сڴ͵ЦҪԼ֪࣬һҲҪԼ˸ƭȥˣдһ
#####໣ٽпСѽ⼼ɣǸ˵Ϲ
ƼûѲԶģ촩֮ڻҴǡڿϵͳ󶨣ÿһڻҵġׯһȥһ죬˼أϵͳıڻҵˡȻϵͳصʱһȮβж ...
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179 ׳λӣ2
ȵ뿪˷¥ǻԳŰĬǸ˳ȥȫ̵ĶǼΪܣ̬ȾԱߵ˿˶оȲѡ
Ҫ֪ӻĬ¥֮󣬿ɾв˹עߵԭΪǲΪĬȻҲĬɫʵϵĽȴǺʹȫ෴ҪĬͻֵˡ
ضĿһȻǰĳҲǼΪܽܵˡѾԽԽʲôˣĬͲû˼
ӣʱ䣬ضЩҪ㵥˵˵ȵĬ뿪ضǳڻǰƺͺżһдŨŨڴҼĿŻκһ˶þܾضɡ
ԼͷĴѾ˴룬ҲԸһˣضǳģĿ΢΢ŮҲǲġȥǷ⣬ҲȫضϣһõŮ˵ʱ
һĨЦݣͺ֮ǰضı䲢һָֻģϤᣬضҲڷеĴʯͷǵĻҪˣضϲΪӵݡ
Ůд͵ģһÿҶü΢΢Ŀ⺬ؿŻ⼸춼ôˣȥ㸮Ϻüˣûܹ㣬㿴Ŷˡضĵģģϲˡ
ĿӸϵ鵱ȻǲضģȻ֪Ҫֳʲô飬ټǨŭضȻǲԸŮˡ
ЩǾԲضģӱǱǵǵضˣ춼Ჹġ߰ɣȥõ԰
õ԰ϵʲ˵ضϵȷҲǻ˲˼ġ֪ضϲõ壬һԺӵõ壬ϡõ屻ļã֮͸ضǾж֪顣
ҲѹضԻˣһѾŮеҪȨƣϲ͡
ضһ죬˶Ҫһ̶ˮȫԵˣ˵ͷ֮ͬ⣬Ѿ֪Լʲô
ĬʵϲûԶСҲˣ˵ʲôӣһֱѬʲô鶼óɫ棡СŮˣתͷĬˣԽˣ͸ղŰӸƭķڷģɵñ
Ĭص˵СԴСһﻹСأⲻҪСǸˡ
Ҫô˵ⲻȡҪҳְæôܲһۡ
ۡСҲЦˣҲĬָҽҩѰɣԽԽϲˣѵÿĬôڵһ棬СҲ˾ƽʱʱĬģᱻ˸ƭˣҲȫõˡ
Żض뿪ĬܾмʲôԾ顣
Ŀ΢΢Ի˽⣬˲ֻŮ鳤ˣӲֽҪĹͷʳܲ׽Ůɫ⣬һ⡣
ЦЦﻹһҪæ͵͵Ż⼸ľٶϿ϶⡣ĬҲѾһµĲ룬⻹ҪС֤ʵһ¡
ãϣٱҾУĬ˵ʲôСһСҲһˡ
Ĭ΢΢˳ǣҲС̣⻹ǸոճĺӰȥôۻĻ棬ĺ
ʲôİҹһѰĬصԼߣĶѾ֪ٴΣҲǼΪȻ
ﻹǾǵĴϣôˣͬע˻˵׽Ƿǳ۵ġ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣İҹĵĿ⣬ҲɵؿİҹߡȷֻҪİҹĬУͿȫͳͳԵоֻʣİҹһˡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷҲûʲôֻЩ鲻װˣûµĺܿͿ֪ˡһĬлǿʮȷģȻС֮ͻ֪еɻ󶼽ˡ
İҹĿҲѾµĬʲôˣЩ鲻̫ǿԼһЩ޹ؽҪ˰ˣΪ˱ֵá
Ȼܶʱ䣬Ĭİҹ֮ҲĬʮ㣬ͲĬ˵ʲôİҹѾµ˶Էʲôˡ
Ĭһţҹ˵öԣЩҲƲˣ̫ࡣǻ߰ɡ


180 õ飬ҹ1
ȻĬ뿪˻İҹȵ橹ʱĬѾ뿪ӰˣСŮҲŨŨĲʣǶԷİҹԼһ취ûС
Ĭд飬䵽İҹϣҪʲôҡҡͷǸղİҹ˵˵Ҫôֻ࣬Ҫ֮ﵽԼҪĽͺˡ
ҹȥһΣ
ĬһһζؿĬ
İҹٻܾĬĽ飬ڿĮ̆ϵı֮ҲЩģҪһãߣ֣
˵ֶѾΪĬİҹרеѵˣ⼸ÿ϶жսֻ˵İҹָĬգĬĽ٣һƻҲʮ־ˣԭúõһᶼԵЩˡ
֪ĵˣΪǷС͵ĵǰһƬָٳ⸱ģ
Ĭİҹ˿ٵسųַԾȥĬһİҹתЦҹһ˭ٶȿɡ
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ϵ˻ûзӦͺͷһ紵һһһӰǰһɺݺݵصɴ˫ۣ˵ٶǲҲ̫һЩɡ
֪ĬģЦˣ㲻֪ɣ⴩ɫ·˿ǽ˾ӢǰʮѧԺѧԺҲˡ
֪˵ľɣĬȷһǳﰡ
Ĭвһϲæǰʵ˵ľɣ￴ˣ£
·˻ʶ橵ģ֪λСǺԵľǶĬȤȻҲʱ򻹹ĬȥȻҲʲôֱӻشӦķȥˣڵҲ֪ˡ
ãл
һϲ֪ĬȥˣһѾȫˣ˷ӦҲٵسųķȥٶȾҪĬİҹҪϺܶˡ
ŻҲûע⵽ԼģñǱˣŮлһĨ⡣
С㣬ǲǻ橹ôôżߵСѾͷһ۾ϳ˻橵Ӱλ橹Ҳӡ̣һһֱ׷սŮ˰
΢΢˹ղŻ橵ĻҲЩ鲻ǿԹܵģ֪ͺˣǻȥɡԸУЩԭͺûʲôϵ
һСС͵͵ظڻĺ棬Ҳ֪Ҫ˵Сãǻ̫ڴ⣬ȫûע⵽ԼѾ˸һ·ˡ
ǵضȥõ԰Щ鲢Ҫµ˶֪Ʋˣ˵жΪضһǻʲôҪҪԼ˵вԽڴˡ
ˣǶȥɡѸõ԰ɨҲͳͳˣôһһõ԰ֻʣ˻ضˡ
Թɫ欵õ壬ⳡѾ㹻еġ
ض⵱ȻҲǵһõ԰ˣǵһλ˶Ǵߵģܸһֵɡ
õҷŵζתһƢϢضȫѾڻĿ֮¡
Ů¶һĨɬЦݣһ˲˲ضŻףͺǲܿһסǰˣһĨȣƺҲֻƴӵסܹԼеĻȣԼĽҩ
ϲ㣬Һϲ㣬㲻Ҫ뿪ңضҲԼ˿̵ɡ
ضͺǷһԼһ˶Ͷ뵽ĻУ˿ﻹʲôֳĸ߹ᣬȥνĴСģƻģ¥еŮӶضȻ˼Űɡ
Ů˫ֽرסǰˣʶطһţܣҪǿ¾ضԼҲ֪˿̵Ҫʲôɡ
ڻĻУֵŤţԭͲǺȣҴҲضôһŤԼ·Ҳɢ˿Ů˹Ƥ΢΢¶ڿУȴضܵһˬǰһԼϵ·
ںȣȣһһ޲ðԼ׵ؽ˲źáʵضҲȷôģѾԼԼ·֪ɫĳضڵϣ¶ɿ£ɫСǶҪ̫ˣ
СҲɺݺݵؾˣة֮ŮҪҪôŰ
ʶסС̵۾ӣӣɲܴСһ


181 õ飬ҹ2
ȻС꾹ȻԼ۾סˣСǰһƬڵΪСҲǲģһءһС겻һʶסС̵ͣСһûбְ
Ҳڻ԰һһŮѾԼ߶Ⱦ񿺷ܵ״̬ȫûע⵽߻ͷСôһɰСŮģﻹһֻյС̣ϳҲȷҪж־жˡ
һƬõ԰ѡĵطͱȽΣƽʱʱҲֻԴӻõһЧ֮󣬾ԽϼӿӲ˵˻
һӵ˽أھ֮ҲǷǳһ㣬Բʲô˹šı˻ᷢԼصܣõ԰Ҳ࣬⵹ҲǷС͵
С̱СסͣҪǶԷԼϴСҲǳصģֱҧˣҧꡣС̲ˬİһС꣬ϴſѽܵİС̵ԹҲҪŵ
㲻ҪУͲˣСɲ뻹ҪСʵ̫ˡ
СͷʾԼѾˣСһɿ֣СԲĹĵ۾ֱӾ԰߿ȥǽζӣС꿴ŶҪݺݵ˦һƣһֻɫǣ
СһʲôأҲ㿴İΪС̵ϴСʾԼҲһҪеܽСܵԲܾôС̲ѧã֪һɫǣ⵹ҲǷС̰
СίΪʲôСԿԼͲԿˡһίĿС꣬һ˵ϴΪʲôԿҾͲԿˣҿֲʲôģ˵һ˫ˮĴ۾ضǱߣֳĻֱ۾
Ҳһкӣôֶܹ˾ͳˣԺ㻹Ȣ𣡡
Сһ࣬˵ĻȴСҲЩɻˣĻῴ˻᳤Ҫ֪С̶ԣϣǺͿԿ㳤ˡ
ô
СҪͷʾ϶ǵȻ㿴ʲôʱƭˣԣǽģԹԵһ˵ġȻƽʱʱС̸׽С꣬СһǺϲĬģǲֳˡ
ⲻС⻰һСɵСĻͺղʲô鶼ûзһ
һСҲڿԻһˣĿһߣȻǼС궼Щֱˡɿһ׻λεͷǹ컯֮¾͸ϳֲҪ飬ֱǿ
С궼ҪƲȥ۾źò֪ῴĳ˵ʲôˡҪ˵飬Ӧù֮ʲô鶼ԣΪʲôҪֵط飬ѲɻΪܴ̼
ʾȫЩ˵
⽻شôһΪһƬõ廨ˣһƬõȻѾͨõ廨ϸĻԿˮٵˮˮ˸ƵĹԣͺĬĬͷһ޷ݵջһ㡣
ʱضѾԼϵ·ȫһϣ⻹粻أɶȥջˡǰĻҲԴһĨɫĿһ˲˲ضضǲɹһĨЦݣض
һŵɳƵϢ˲ɺһֲʥˣȻǰվһ罺ȴǻȻĵˡݺݵסضģ֮ƺҪѶԷһԼһȻĴ³ĶԴȴǲɸضһֱĿС
໡
Ůˮٵ⣬ˮǰˣͺѾǵõȫһŮ΢΢ż⣬Լĺ촽ഥͺмʲôķӦһƲסҪѶԷȫȫռУΪԼˣ
һϸ˿֮ӣͺǣ˫
ضѾ־ˣȫʧ֮ǰҲע⵽Լ˿̵Ǻͺ˴ҩһǾΪԼԵǻôƺҲûжٹϵˡ
ضܾ֮ǰҪ˰ɡ
ضϲ㣡ضԻĸףϲϲŮԸԼеĶ׸ˣֻҪԼĲû
ҲЩˣ΢лһĨԼֶζԴضֵǲһȷ顣ܿҲѾû˼ʱ䣬õ廨ĴЧɾͲֻضһˣǻԼҲźܴЧ
໡

һһŮͬʱһ
СԱ߶ֱˣ黹ûʲôȤҪһ֮ʱĺȴǲСע


182 õ飬ҹ3
ɫõ廨˵󣬾ͺõ廨ĻһҲʲô˶ܹģһϵҲҪ˻ƽʱʱ˶ǶȽϾŰģģԿ˵ǿȺˡ
ǴضϵõʲôôһľԽӣͺһ˼һ
ʱС껹ܸܵϵϢȣ¿϶ǿĲУһӵõ˲һעı˶ʱ򣬻󽥽һĨɫĹΣʱ⻹ǱȽϰʱƣ˶죬ĨԽҫۡ
ضͺʲôûпһŮ˳ǰĻ֮⣬κζѾˣӲ˵ʲôˣ´ʱ˿̾Լ˭Ѿǵ˰ɡ
ȷǴضϵõ˲Ůϵľϵش뵽ԼڣеһǰδеʹԼڵľô˲õ˲䣬Ҫ˵жôʹˡ
ȻʱضͲôˣŮڵľƲסضܵĸоһƣϮһգǿƲסĻȣĥ޲Լô˲ʹ졣
Ȼضȴ벻Ƥȴгǧĳ˺ҧԼһ㣬޷롣
ضоȻһ뷨ԼһӾˣܿ뿪壬һľżһ㣬ѾɥʧԼǣӻָʾ֮⣬ʲô֪ˡ
ϴǻǿ߰ɣǶˡС̵ѵȻᱻŮ˿˾Ͳˡ
С΢΢ҡͷһѾǼ򵥵ľȿԱԼеĸоˣĿ䵽ضϣһĨѧ̽ԼΪʲôҪԼԭˡ˵ȷ̫ˣѾ˥״̬ʱ¶޾ֱ״̬
ʱԿԸоضϵľһ˺ܶ࣬˶ƣˣϸĻԿŮȫһֵɫһŰƴСѪɫȫޣһ㶼ǱոŮˣǱ˾һ
ٷۻͷȫض෴ԿԷʵҲ˲١
¼侹ȻвɡĹضǱɡˣŮ˿󶼲֪Լ˲ǰԼһ¯ˡ
СҲˣȻǻ֪ʲôаĹͨİ취ѱڵľΪԼáò˵СҲǲɱĵˣռ˱˵ĺôڻҪռ˺òײʵգ
ҲܹͣΪλ𲻶ľȴܹסԭܲ˿²֪ɲ˶޹Ů˰ɡ
ãˣǿȥһҪ飡
СҲ߲ѣĻһҪúøһѵΪŮֱϵһĴħˣ
Ҳ֪ԼѾȫ¶ڱ˵СҲҪ˵Լı̫ΣΪõ԰ĲˣȴǲԼеܶѾСˣ׼ͳͳĬ
ضңõ廨УĿᣬ䵽ϣǰȫȫڻˣһĨŨŨУҲضôɵ˰ɡ
ˣ
ŮдһĨŨŨ㣬֪ΪǲԵģضƲסԼŮлһĨϲһǾԲˡضһԼСлһĨᣬ˵ʱĶѾʼԼͻСˡ
ض繵⣬е׻мģȷضǺŮ˻кܴĲͬɲŮͳͳֻһ֣ǾԲԼܱ¶
ضһܷʲô飬ܰض֮أضݾѾ˻ҲԸضȻô˶ǿԼضŮˣةฮǾԲŹԼ
ǹһĨЦ⣬繵ص˵ضգͺİѶԷԼΪҪһ
԰ҵˣҾȥ͸ּ޸ңضҵޣǹ˹ȡضϵľʱҲܺõĿˣûһȫߣôҲǸض˲٣һСŮҲỳɵԼϡ
ͨβɲԸоԼҲǺ˺ܶ࣬ò˵ضȷʵûȫԷľѾûõ㣬ƾضЩȹӦûʲôˡ
ضɲ֪еʲôԷ˵ּͻ⻰ѾȫһһСŵÿĺΣεؿŻɵ˵ضһжͺã˼Ҷˡ
Ů˽εεߴӵ⣬Ŷκһ˵ջȻҲһղмŲɲ飬ҪƲɲض̫ڻ˵ûоˣʱͲɻһضӿǻǲ硭
ضһ죬͸оԼ˶ҪһǶϻڴ⣬ɬĵ˵ͷͬˡ#####ĩСһ¼Ӹ


183 Ĭд裬1
ССֱӾĵس˻õ԰ѵĬϢǰȥȻǳֵķСٶȼ쾹Ȼ֮ܺǰ׷ĬǷȥĻһš
ǰһԼڵҲĬأڿСӲõˣСĬӰģȻ֪Ĭ
ЦЦ̫ˣĬһȥɡ橵Сǰ棬дһĨľϲ
С꿴ǻ橣΢΢˳ǣ֪Ҫô˵ˣ׷רҼ̫ˣ׷Ĭİɵڿ橵ʱҲɴһĨϧ
СֵĿ⣬Ҳ΢΢һ㶣ܾСѾͷȻôһ㣬֪鶨Ȼǲ١ĬΪЦЦҲ֪ǲСѾͷ֪ʲôĻˡ
ЦЦôʲô橲΢΢üҲɴһĨţǻǿȥĬɣҪ˵ʲô𣡡
ʱҲǺżСͣĿ䵽橵ϣ̾ϢһʵĲһֱ׷ڸģڸ˵һˡ
һСָˣ橲һ죬ʲô˼Ĭ˵ʲô𣡡
С΢΢ҡͷȻĬ˵ʲô΢΢ҡͷǣЩǴҶͦ׵ģ橹ܺãֻǲǸϲͰˡ
һҲĬеȷǲϲԼģϲĬ͹ˣǶ˵Ů׷иɴͲԼһֱô׷Ĭ˻ʯĳˣͲܸж˶Է
СҴʵϵıȻҲܺÿĿ΢ϲĬͺˣҲĬһҵġ
εؿһۻ橣ԱͬҪĬôأһĬܹɹһʵˣȻĬϲϻ橾Կֱӱ㡣
ðɣҲö˵ʲô橹ҪԸɡС̾ϢһԼͦϲСŮ˵ģҲԸ⿴Ĭϻ̫ľȴûеõʲô
һлһĪ뷨Ȼһôֵ뷨
ĿӭСĿ⣬ü΢ЦЦǲ֪ʲôĬ磬Ĭ΢΢˶٣ݺݵһ˵ĬǲѾϲˡ
˵⻰ҲɺݺݵһҪ֪һӲҽԼĵĽģžС궼Щˡ
ĬûˣӦûǷϵġ
С겻ҡҡͷ˵ûĵĻ֪ڻû˰ɡ
һ˵⻰СҲһкˣӦøϣģǿŻ橺һӱĿ⣬֪˵ʲôźá
ȷпƲסŨŨľϲѾˣĬѾϲˣҲġ
⻰ǳ־ֻҪԼȥܻһĬԼ⣡
Լô˵̫ˣһĬϲҵģ
С꿴ŻϵĿ϶ô˲侹Ȼ˼ˮĻ˵ˣҪĬϲϻ橣̫Сˡ
ֵĻͳһ°ɣ˵ҪȥһȥɡСѾҪͻٶ˵ʲôȻԼƲס˵ʵĬǸŮ˵ʵˡ
źã橵õĻشһ˶Ǿޱȡ
徲֣ɪɪ΢紵ߣİҹͷųľĬźХƣĬһȻ
ĬİҹһȻҲû뵽Ĭʱ񣬸ӲԼ˵ĬҪջֱԷȥľİҹüһǿջԼ˵Ҳܵ˲ٵĳ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ϻһĨɻƺûзӳһҲ֪ǿʲô㿪İҹĹֱӳİҹ߳ȥǰİҹŵˡĬǷ˲ɣ
ڸʲôİҹһʶҪÿĬĳȻ϶˵ԷĬȴǰ㶼飬Ҫİҹȥ
İҹԭڿԼ˵ĬʱǿջϵҲˣ뵽ĬȻľٶȫҲ
ĬһİҹĬдö֪ĬһֱһֻĬһתֳıİҹŶֱǰ㶼û
İҹ룬ǲԼ⼸ʲô֪ʱĬȻĶĺ֡


184 Ĭд裬2
İҹֲ˼⣬ĬҲɺݺݵس˳ǣһİҹҲһк˰ɣ֪ǰԼʲôˡʱĬѾûʱʲôĽֻܾͣԼٶȳԲκԥġ
İҹ΢΢һ㶣Ŀ䵽ĬϣƺΪʲôҪô
ԭԤϵʹûиоһתĬޱȵıɪɪĺ绮ԼĲӣ֮һͶİҹɸоԼĲһʲôһ
Ĭ΢΢ҲһԼĶ˵ǼΪģİҹ¶һõЦݣüһô㻹ĵһɱ㲻ɣҿô𣡡
İҹһһҲѾӦ΢䲻⣬һܺáܹʱ뵽Ĭֵ˹Ҳİҹˡ
ԼȻûŵİҹĬҲɻһĨʧ䣬ǣӦñֳŨŨľȲŶԣһ㶼ɰӦøлҵģҿǾһڤһ˶֪ҵ
һĬģǸղſİҹΣգҲʶʹԼڤѱĬĥ˼ΪԼϵʵλãĬ֣Բע⵽ѱ
İҹĿתͷһ۱ĬıߣĿһȻҲѾĬղžֹԭвһĨᣬлл
ĬȻҪİҹĵлڿҶʱҲǲסˣ֪Լվᱻİҹ˵ȴǿƲסؽס壬ֻҪǰһҶҧסİҹĲӡ
վһȻİҹ˵ĬջϵĬٳ䲻ĳ֣ڹİҹʵϳҶȥ˳İҹһΣ
ҲӦģܲܿ°ɣ
ĬûаѸղŵϣĬ˵İҹԼΪҪѣȻܿԷ¡
Ҳ֪طôҶ־綾ĶߣȻˣղҾѣǲ淢飬˵Ҷҧ֮󣬾ǿ书ᱻС߸
ҲĬôŵԭ
İҹȻڿҶҲЩȣãû¾ͺãοǷһˡİҹ˵Ҫ֪ҶĻԼҲһʮֵİտԽⶾԡ
ĬһɣȻڵĽǺġȻĬ׷ģİҹȻֱǰȥĬеǲѡ
˵ֱӳİҹ˹ȥ˳ƽסˡ
İҹԭͱĬ˴ͷӣһʧȥ־ĬҲһӷסˣղһսĬʣµҲˣ߶ȼУ⧲ӭסİҹͬʱԼһȻҲǳź浹ȥ 
İҹҹ
Ĭһ˱İҹѹڵϣȽСô˲䱻ѹϣ˾µգĬҲһסˣ֪Ҫʲôźˡ
Ĭ磬橺Сһ˳һۿľĳĬȻһ˸ѹϣƲҪ˵жˡ
Ҳסˣ˼ĶĬлһĨĬ߳Ĭ磬ʲôǲ˶ʹ
ڻУԶǰĬȿǵλãȻҲûʲôĿܡ
֮ǰĬİҹ֮ĹϵͿ˲ɲŨŨĻɣô˲䣬ʵĬǺİҹһԵĸоһ뵽˵ԱЦ뷨ֱӱԼˣڿĳȻǺܲܽܵġ
СŮϴŨŨߣͺǿԼɷͱ˽챻׽ڴһŨŨŭ
СҲ΢΢һ㶣ͬڻ橵ߣһ˿ȻȻԼ˰ⶼѾ㶨İҹˡ
Ĭ΢΢˳飬ǰž˵ĲȰҰİҹȻûҺİҹ֮Ĺϵ 
Ĭ仰һϲĬ˵ʲôŶԷȻĬ˵Լûʲô⣬ôһûˡ
ãͰ˸⻰жŶİҹŨŨųԹް
Ǻ޲Ūİҹˣ֮ǰڲӽĬһỹô˵˵ĬһҪˣҪĬĬ橿еˣ


185 Ĭд裬3
Żô³ģĬҲСŮ˶ˣȻ浣ֱİҹһ٣֮飬ԲĬҪ顣
˵㻹ǲҪˣЦЦһ֣
ò˵Ĭػǿ׻е뷨ѾʱĬȻʶάİҹиһ޲ֱҧˡ
Ĭ磬ģҺܻעִģ⻰ô˾ôء
С굽׻ĬģĿһۻ橣˵ˣܷʲô飬ĬᰮһŮ˵İɫĺ۾һĨâⲻ䵽İҹϣѲ˻ԼԺˡ
һСڿİҹʱҲɴһ˿ޣȴҲòгϣȷۺϸ˶ĬġĻǾǿϿ˰ɡ
橽㣬ɣȽϴ󡣡⻰һС˵ܾôء
Ȼ˵ʲôСһ֣˫İҹ壬˳˴Ĭϸ˹ǰ˳Ĭɺݺݵһ䵽İҹϣ벻Ȼôأƽʱһ㶼
С겻תͷȥص𡣡ôˣһ㷴ӦûУ
ûзӦǰһлһĨЦݣСŮҲƽʱʱİҹ۸òˣǸղҪԸİҹģʵҲĶİҹ֣İҹĻԹȥˣһ׮顣
Ĭ˵ʲô橺ݺݵضİҹĺţϵҲǾԲС޲ʹԼȫˡ
İҹûзӦĬȵĿ⣬ʶԼƺЩˡǺˬ΢΢һεջԼҪȥ˵ȣⲻǿǲĻˣǰ
Сһ㶼Ż⻰Ȼģ˵Ŀһ㶼١͸ղŻ橽ϵǰѱ˸ĳˣ޲һŰѶԷȥǺޱȰ
ĬһᵣİҹҲ˵ʲôֻǵĿһۻ֮°עŵİҹϡ
ɺݺݵüģȻİҹͻȻԹȥҲǲ⣬иǵģ΢΢սİҹĲӣһĻȥͺĬҪȥİҹһ
һĬı˸ɶ˰ɣôԣһסĬӲӵϸĬʲô㣬㣬Ҫ𣡡
⻰ĬҲһסˣҪİҹ
ɺݺݵس˳ǣʲôأڼ
˵ĬµԴлǵǲԼûע⵽ʱʵҶѾİҹһˣ˻ҶĶ
ϸϸĿһ飬ǳȷİҹûж¶ûʲô˿ڣȻǱҶҧˣĬɺݺݵһİҹӣлǷĲݺݵüģȻԷôˡ
ĬͷųһؽİҹڣȻѾĬһ飬⶯Ҳ
Ĭ磬ʲôԭ㻹ҽ橿Ĭ˵ֱӿ˵лŨŨĳݡ
С곯Ż΢΢ҡͷ꣬̽İҹҪǡ
ѵÿСôı飬橲ʶѹֻİҹˣȻ⣬ĬĻȫһˡ
Ĭһ˳Լ̽İҹڵСĵ̽Խ濴еľ֮Խԡ
ҵĺɫ鲼İҹڣʧ˵ǸղİҹǿջԼĹǸ˺ܴ˺İҹԲѵԭ
˽İҹĬջԼǱİҹڵݺݵüģȻİҹҲΪѡ
˫ۣɫͫŨŨĵġ
ôˣ
Сͻ˼ͬʱʵһĹİҹһһϣİҹͺˡ
Ĭ̾Ϣһҵԭǵҹľɼһʱ֮Ҳ֪ҪʲôźãڻȰҹͻؿջ֮취ɡ
һ˵ھûа취ˡ
ţǻǿȥɡ֪ĬеĵģȻв⣬˵Ĭ㲻ҪģİҹǿȻʲô飬һعȥѹõҽйҲһİҹɡ
л⻰Ĭһů˵ͷãǻҪ鷳橹ˡ
Ĭ֮Ҫôģ


186 Ϥϣ֤ʵ²⣨1
ǰİҹɹ˿ջĬԴӿİҹ֮üһֱûɿ˵вɻһĨۡģ䵽橵УҪ֮ʲôһĹϵС
Ĭ磬ҲҪ̫ģͽȥҽй橲ϲİҹǸӲÿĬĵӣ˵⻰
Ĭֻǵ˵ͷûж˵ʲôȳȥɣټһҹҶˣر橣ѧԺҲúϢһ׼Ҿͺá
ԻҪ˵ʲô˵ʵĬһİҹķ䣬橷иӲģûϵҲۣĬģɡһ֮󣬾Ѷһˡ
ѡĻԸԼչİҹǰĬһֲôõԤС
ϻ橵Ŀ⣬ĬҲɴһ˿ȣҪ֪ƽʱʱ򣬻橿һİҹ̣ôʱ˵ҪչİҹĻ
΢΢ҡͷˣһ˾͹ˣŮбҲᱻ˵лġ˽ҹʲôֱܹӽˡĬŻ¶һЦݣ˲û޴ӷ
аɡ
ȵ˶뿪Ĭ°Ŀ䵽İҹϣ˫üôأ
ڵ֮ȽİҹڱҵֻаЩƽ˳֮󣬲ܹİҹָȻĻò޸õ壬ֻܿᱻҵƻˡ
ҲҺİҹĬڵɫ赼õĶˣȻİҹҲΣˡ
ĬղŻҲֱͷųɫİҹڴҶ뿪ˣҲù˼ôˡ
˳İҹѪԷĵȻϴεľ֮ĬҲԵõӦֺܶ࣬Сĵʹİҹڵҵɫõĵ֣Ǿ֮ҪԹԵȻһͰЩҵȥȫˡ
һĬܺõĿİҹڵȫһĬȻѾҪϴôˣСİҹڵ𣬰ѲɣñƷЩ֮һʹ»صİҹĵ֮ڡ
ȵĬһϵж֮ȷЩٴΣİҹ壬ǻһСĵشİҹȡ
ˣ㻹ðɡСѻ֮󣬾ѾµĬһԼİҹ״̬ҲɴһĨţĬ԰׵գСŮɺݺݵüģûˣ㻹ǿȥϢɣɫǲÿ
֪ĬжİҹĽţСҲö˵ʲôֻȰ˵ĬǿȥϢźá
Ĭ΢΢һҡҡ֣ʾԼûд󰭣תͷ¼һİҹȷѾûʲô󰭣ĴҲڻػָò˶İҹͿѹˡ
ǲһĨЦݣûʲô飬ֻ΢е˰ˣЦЦšҹѾûˣٿһ
֪Ĭû£СŶлǻۣü΢ԹؿһİҹǷĬһΡ
ţȻûʲôˣ㻹ǿȥϢɡСзŲĬҪɡʲôҿ϶һʱ֪ͨ㡣
Ĭ˺ϵɫҲÿһЩˣͺãȥҲĲ¡ЦЦٻضǣʲôشķ֡
СһǷʲôȻСѾͷҲôҴææؾ͸˹
˵ãһ֣С겻ɸоԼһ˶ˣԺиֳ˲Ļ棬ܹС껹ò˼˵ˡСŮиֳŨŨıӺģĬҲɾˡ
Ƿʲôô¶ıĬҲɲŨȤ
طСˣˣˣ֪յ飬װܿһ᳤ģװϴĻû͵
յ飿ĬɻһҲûзӦС⵽˵ʲôǵһʱСԿ϶ţװĺܺãЩǲҪĺúӡ
õĬĿ϶СҲɰҡҡԼβͣģС궼ˡ
Ů֮£С˵ڻ԰֪һ£С⻰пһ㶼ԼԻض˵֮顣


187 Ϥϣ֤ʵ²⣨2
ĬҲɺݺݵس˳ǣ쳣ǲԼĶ⣬С˵ضŮ֮Ż飬ϲһ죬ģôô˵ضҲةฮĴС㣬
˵ضаĽһĬκεĻɣǵҲŮ֮ĹϵһةฮԸ˰ɡضԲӦǵ飬ڻûг׵ʱͰԼ彻Էһǳǵ顣
ضôô԰һͿŮˣӦþԼ׵ؽŶԡ
ضͻϵ֮ҪڻѡĻᣬһԽһѾڰԼһͻǣһҲûа취ֿˡһϣĬǱضˡ
СܺͻǸõ廨԰йذɣЩõ廨ҿžͺаţջһضһͨˣᱻƻҲ⡣Ҫ֪СڸոտЩõ廨ʱŵǹŨζȻҲǸоһȡ
С굽ǾβȻǷˣҪ˵ԳƵڶĻŶû˸ԳǵһˡܿͰԼڵѹȥȻضѾЩõ廨Ĳ֪Լʲô˰ɡ
Ĭ΢΢üʵõ廨ʲôЦЦǿ鶼˵һ°ɣҲ÷һ¡ֻ˽еĬźȷ󵽵ʲôܡ
֪ĬжЩ⣬СҲһ㶼أֱ˵ضȥһƬõ廨԰Ӧǻ˽˵ĵطûʲôһһƬõ廨Ļ԰ܿضͿʼòˣ֮ͷ顣
С˵Ļѽ쿴鶼˵˳еľĬҪ֪
ܿĬҲץС⻰ص㣬õ廨
Ŀ΢΢ΪĲ²⣬¾Щõ廨ɡ
˼˵Щõ廨дЧˣĬһѪֱָСҪĺ塣
С겻ɵ˵ͷԼҪ˵֮˵⻹ΪҪģӦʲôаŵĹԴŮ˵߶ԷľĴڣȴûпɥʧ˺ܶľ
һĬеɻҲѾõ˽ͣǱҳӣȻǺֱܷѾǱɫħˣ
ߺߣҲóֲǲԡµܲܽӽŮɫ˵ľɡôʱ䣬֪˵ǻ˶޹Ůˣ
Ĭݣɺݺݵս˫ȭлһĨȻյСˣȻĹˡ͵ΪЩ˸ƭŮӣĬҲҪúʰһ¶Էˡ
ͷųһɱϢˡ
С΢΢ͷǿĬģѾ϶ôŹ˻ࡣСŮ΢΢ô࣬ЩǱˡĴջڻ𣬾ô˶Է
ţ˵ڣίˡջ𣬻϶޹ŮӣԲҪĽ
ĬһҪ취Ҵ˻ĿС
߳ɳƵӺĬлһĨϲֱתİҹ⣬ǿƲסһĨÿĻȣҹˣ
İҹСõʱѹˣֻǻЩƣûп˵ˣڿĬΪ˷ģԲİҹҪ顣
Ĭĵ⣬İҹɹһĨЦݣ㵣ˣûˡİҹҲɾȣԼڱҵǾ赼һ¹ɵػصԼĵ֮ڣȥƻ壬Ҳİҹܹôѹԭ
Ĭϸİҹȷûʲôˣ΢΢ͷţû¾ͺãҹѾˣһһڵЩɫȫʧˣǶõʱ䣬ô֮ǰˡ
İҹһǲԸĬֻ࣬ǲҪԷΪԼİˡ
һԼǣͻӴٽıʱİҹÿ϶Ĭսд裬˵һַһĥǽİҹͻȻ赹ˣĬ֪ڶ֪
ôôɵȫ԰İ
Ĭ̾һȴҲİҹѾȫ֮ǰз飬Ȼ֪ԼܹЩҵ


188 Ϥϣ֤ʵ²⣨3
Ĭ⻰İҹɾˣԼô⣬Լһջϣʱߣ֮Ҫô߻ħҪôȫɥʧǳΪһ
İҹ⣬Ѿ֪жٱ˸ҽҩʦԼ󶼲ܽ⣬΢һҲѡһϣʱ䶼ҪİҹԼ˵һҪ˭΢һʹľֻѧԺҩˣҲİҹǵԭ
Ĭ⻰˼ʱɣ
òİҹκʱҪǰָǶѹȥһ£ԭ̾ھ֮Щȫʧˣֲܹôѹ
İҹ˵һľϲˡ
İҹϲв¶ˣҲŨŨĿϲĿƵؿĬĬ⣬ģܹ磽Щҵ
ĬҲƴǣ֪İҹе⣬صصͷ԰ģܹһʹ࣬òˡ
õ˿϶Ĵ𸴣İҹ֪ҪʲôʾԼеľϲ͸жˡ
ĬİҹȻһһ죬ʵİҹ˿̵Ŀ̫ȣ˫һ׵̶һһ϶Էȫͱ׸˽ȥһĬҲһ
С΢΢ʱ򷿼˱˴˶ֻжԷˣ޹ʿǳʶ뿪ȽϺáĵش򿪷˳ȥ֮˹ϷţһֻʣĬİҹˡ
ĬʶҪܿİҹ⣬Ȼ֪Լһʲôװʲô鶼ûзһİҹĴվһŲ֮ľ롣
ڿûˣҲˣҹúϢҲȥϢˡ
Ĭϴ˿̻оȵ¶ȣȻİҹʱˡһĬҲɸоԼеĶӵĸоˡ
Ҫôӿô׵飬ȾҪİҹͬͬˡ
İҹ΢΢һĿ䵽ĬϣһĨаȵЦݣĬ
ĬһİҹҲ̫ˣĬԭأɵض˵۾ĬӦİҹһֱӰĬԼߣ⧲˸סˣ߳İҹȵĺĬĿһԼҪϢȥˡ
ĬɵģİҹɱЦҲֻҪܹĬͬģвһС
㣬˵ʲôĬҲǷӦˣкݺݵһ֮ƲԴʱ䲻ˣҲҪȥϢˣ
ģôô˾úЦء
İҹһԼûзִ˿̵ҪȥŪһСˣΪԼƹģлһɽ
΢΢ţһûкúллҡ
˵ͳڶĬɸоԼҪƷĽˣݺݵصһİҹ˵˰˾Ҫ˵⻰лһĨȻ֪ˣÿġĸлѾյˣҾȻȥˡ
ӵİҹĬǲҿ϶˭ֵ֪ڳӵķ裬Ҫˡ
ţúϢȥɡ˵İҹȻ·ſĬ֣Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ô׷ſˣôԼǱ˸ˣ˵ĸоҡҡͷİҹŲôĵ飬һԼоˡ
ĬصصͷУҾȻȥˣҲúϢҴҵ뿪˷䣬ʱĬԼĶӵĸоԼֵҪʲôֱİҹķţĬ΢һһԼǣҵڸʲô
ʱѾˣĬȻھЩ⣬Ȼһʱ벻ףǾͰЩͳͳʱɣʱ֤һУõĽ
İҹ΢΢˹һԼʵѾȫָˣˣĬһصૣȻҲ䵽ĶУ˲һĨЦ
һָֻ֮ǰİ
İҹһһĨ䣬ǰĬʱȫγ˽Ȼͬˡ
вһǰڰе˸һȴҲǲòгϣӲǵɣڸղǺ񿴵ЦˣһԼ˻þ
İҹֻ֪׷ʵˣôܻͨ˵ⲻǷ˲ŻеУİҹϣһֻĸо
һ׷İҹߵȻİҹʵǿкһػЩҲƽʱɲóԴϴοİҹǱҵģҲˣǻǲбİҹ
Ȼƽʱʱİҹͼװ֪Լ˸棬ȥͺˣʵİҹǱκһ˶ˡ
һݼźɫҹµֱӹİҹǰԴӭİҹĿ⡣


189 Ӱ֣ټ1
İҹ΢΢Ŀ䵽һϣϲģùڵϵİһŨŨѹһҲҶعڵϣԼһͰԼ߳ȥ
ţһİҹƳһ۹ڵϵİһȻжǵĴҲûȫϣ΢ǰӰһ˼Ҳϲ˼ӡ
İҹ˵⻰ðһ޳ٸһٸҲҼԼⲻھʵǰκεСͻһЦһϰһлǺġ
İҹ⣬һһ㶼ǰӰһ˰бΣԲұӲ˵ǼΪ졣ǼԼһѹİΪİӰҲȫҳϡ
İҹɫĪӸðһò׼ĹôҶİҹʲôϲ
һİҹӦòῪˣ˺һʱ䣬İҹȻˡ
ˣûʲô飬ǶȥɣȻҪҲİҹɫ࣬⻰ǾûκοЦļҲ
İҹ⻰һȴǲлˣǰӰû˵Ǳ˻ȥڰӰ˵ǾԲܽܵ顣
֣صعİҹǰһһᣬֻҪǻȥʲôԣ
Ǻǣʲôԣİҹ΢΢ڵȰһ仰ڵõҪĽȻҲһĨаȵİâȻѾ˼ƽϣã߲ǰбһҪȥ飬ȥӻ鷸Ƶ֤ݡ
ǣһҲİҹ֮˵ӰӣͺǸղŲһþˡ
İҹȻĬҪôܹʲôأֻҪĬҪ飬İҹͳͳʵ֡
ŴʱʼİҹѾʼתֻҪĬ˵飬ᰵһһΪãȴҲĬְеıõᡣ
һĬҲѾԼл˷䣬һ˶ƶ˵ĸоЩطֲ巽
ǿԼſһУҪȥЩ߰飬кܶ谥ӴӴȥ룬ҪȥЩ黹ǽʱɡ벻ͨ벻׵飬ĬʶѡȰЩŵһߣʱе鶼á
С꿴Ĭӣﻹʲô׵ġ
СŮлһĨȻյĬǰؿĬǻ һĨЦݣˣأ
Ĭֱתͷȥ֮ǸоԼӿ϶ᱻСȥԺݺݵصСһһۣ˵ʲôأˣʱ䲻ˣúȥ˯Ҫ𣡡
СɲС̣׾ͱ˸סˣһСѾͷϵЦôβסڴЦĴǵ˰ҿİҹȷǻĻҲǿСİҹۣĺܵģô޵С궼շˡ
Ĭô᲻С⻰ʲô˼ɺݺݵһĿһѵԼеһΪԼİҹԭΪĬһǳңԶĻ⣬һСҴˣƺԼô
ĬҲлˣôῴİҹ֮䲻ӦѲŶԡ
ҲŲῴҹһ˰ĬʶҪ
С⻰һЦ˳ֵĿĬЦҿɰԺˣѵ㻹ҪȥϲһŮ˲ɣҪˣ㻹һŮ˰ѵŮװʱˣİԼˣ
ĬСôһ˵ˢһ£ϺһƬлһĨȻֵʱѾİҹķ˸סˡȻ֮ھԷȻѾȫԼĬǻǰȥöԷ³ΪѣⲻҲǱ˵ġ
ǻ˱ˣǷˣһƼˮѣԷǵԼˣĬȻҲǰáҪ֪ƽʱʱĬԸҲŨŨİİҹʱһж˸ı䡣
С겻شһǷ˵ЩˣĬӣҲҪԼˣǿԷһЩϣ㿴ĬҸģҲˡ
Ĭ˺һʱ䣬ƺһԼ⣬Ķİҹˣ
вһĨô֪ԼǸŮˣֻʲô飬İҹ᲻Լôһֱƭأ
һʲô鶼ԵĬȻҲɿʼŨŨĵġ
лһĨâЦЦ˵ҹʲô飡


190 Ӱ֣ټ2
ȵĬ˵⻰ȴһûˣ΢΢̧ͷС꾹ȻѾǰȻ˵ˣСŮ˯üΪȣȻҲǲܰĬеɻˡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷϲɸֳһĨЦذСϱӣͨһ֮ƺҲԷ˲١е¶һĨŮһɬתͷͷķ羰ƺɫҲǱĺÿ
Ȼ˯ߣĬ߳˿ջ
ʱֵѾûʲôˣԵΪİĬһָоͺ˶ʧһվ
΢ϰϰˬһڿռŵĽͷӭ¹ߣȫȻſԼָоҲеꡣ
ɶߵĳһˣѣɫ¹ɢŮ˵ϣȻֱ欵С
Ů˴ӿĬʱĿҲŲˣһĨõЦݣȻǱ¹⻹Ҫҫϼ֡һԾֱӵĬǰͻȻԼǰŮˣĬҲɴһĨ衣
屾ܵһˣŲ֮ľ룬Ĭ΢ؿŮˣֵǺηʥʱڽͷҪʲô
ŮڸһɫĳסŮ˴ֻ¶ˮĴ۾٣ǿ˫ͫף;ԿһǸΪŮˡĬȴǲһ仰ԽŮ˾Խ̵õһܻữΪµڣĨ˵ġ
ĬϲõȴҲΪԷĳͻȻ˾裬ž͹ĬҲʲôı䡣
Ů˲Цˣ۾䣬ͺһƯһ˲ܿһ
ҳʲôλ㲻һҲڽϣΪʲôԭ򣡡Ů˺ЦĬ⣬ش⣬ǰɻ߻ظĬ
˯ԳߣôأĪҲǺһԭ򣡡
ĬɫشǰŮˣвһĨĪϤУԼѾмŮˣһӾȻô벻Է˭
ܹŮʵգʱĬѾ֪Էĵ˭ˣ
Ůһ¶һõЦݣСŮǺλһģһԭ꼴Եʣ˺һŮĬ壬ģĬЩԲˡѵ˵ڵŮһô˲ɡ
ĬһһʱҪܾҲ֪ô£ȵԼڵʱ ȫһģȻ֮
ȻĬ⻰ŮҲһĨССϲ˵ǺܵĬܾ룬ʵԼûбĬܾǵõһĽ
ŮĬһҾлһĨɣȷǷ˲١
ū֪һطƺǲǲǹȥ˵ŮһƺѾ϶Ĭ϶һ
ʵĬҲȷôģвûıԷŵֱһԾٵظСŮ˵ĽŲһһŮڿпٱţҲҺҹûʲôˣȻҪΧˡ
һʱ䣬Ůͣ˽Ųһ˫ĬǲɹһĨаȵЦݣǺǣλѵô֮ˣһ㶼һʹ𣡡
Ĭ⻰ȴҲǲɴЦǰһȫŮַʱһùŮ˵ɴ˳Ů˾µգԭ
Ǻǣ㻹ԼлҶ𣡡ĬʵԷ֤һʵĬȫõŮʹȫԼԼҪĵɣô˰ջĬֱ˵ǣ¡
һҲ벻ĬôôѾϳˡ
ȻѾԼݣҲʲôĬ¶һ˵Цݣ蹫ӺʱѾϳˣ蹫ҲȫȻûİɡȻĬȫԲ֪Լ֮󣬻ǻ׷棬֪һ֮󣬶ҲһĨϲ
ĬҲЦˣҪ˵Լ֮ǰȷҲѾ˻ɣʱǸӿȷǶˡ
ȻôһŮԼĬôܻ᲻أҲ֪СԼĬǻ飡ĬǰŮˣɵжԶҲ˼ֺ档
Ů˺ճҲȻһ˼ҿеģΪҪ֮ǰĬѾͷ˵𶫷֣ѾĬŨŨȤ
ɲԼҲʹʵ˰׼ȷ˵Ĭڿʱ򣬾ѾŮϿͻƵˡ


191 Ӱ֣ټ3
οɲǳĬģ˭֪Լ·϶ܹĬҲĬ֪ˡСŮڵһۼĬʱ򣬾ͲɱסˣӷټĬȻŮӵϲ
ҲǵһγԶţԭûмˣһ۾ͿĬȻҲܿƵض˲ŨŨĺøС
¾Ͳ蹫𣡡СŮ˵⻰ʱҲɴһ˿Թ˭ĬԼͻмѡʱѡ˻橣һ㣬ڶ˵һСĴ
һᶫѾԼγŵʵĿˡ
ĬһԼ˵϶ĻشһСŮĵİɡ
ȻᡣĬ΢΢ҡͷĿ䵽ϣȷҪŮĺòһ˵ĻҲϲ϶ԷİɡҲֻǸˣþܾ˶Լ
֪ⲻĬ˵Ŀ͵ˣ⻰ʱ򣬶㻹ǲһϲɸֳһĨÿķΣⶼûкȾƱѾˣ˵֮¡
ŮбһĬ˵ߵģĬһŮ˲ǿԼ˰ɣҲ̫һɡ
źߣҲŲĻأǸʱǲңǸŮһ뿪ˡ⻰п͸ŨŨ⣬ĬվԶԶضŵǹζȴǲɸֳһ뷨һԼʹмˣ
ǸŮˣ˵Ŀɲǻˡ
˵ЦˣĬ֮ǰʲôطĲõģҪ£֮ĬȻṼ˶⡣ĬǰľƺԼͶԵһƣڶľƱݵԷǰĬﾴһ
ǰһ澵ӵĻĬһᾪһԼģԼƽʱϲĻӵģɲڵϷ˼СŮˡ
ŶģǺⱻĬϷˡ
ߴؽӹĬݹľƱСŮ֮ǰڼʱҲٺȾƣӲ˵֪Լжٵľ˵ʱĬȫԼˣ˵ֱӰǰľƸȥ
ȿȿȡΪȵ̫ˣҲǱƸݺݵǺסˣţһƴСǺͨ죬ϴһĨôÿģҲ̫ˣȿȿȡ
ĬߵСŮ˵ĺ󱳣СŮ˲Ⱦơڻһȵˮһ°ɡ
ǻ˹һĬݣһĶҪڻһĬôܹôأ
Ů¶һĨǡôɬҪĬЦˣ˵ִССĲƺǵĻᱻĬܾһĬ磬ҿô𣡡
˭ҲþܾһµСŮ˰ɣĬҲʱ⣬ֲһƺˡ
ȻҪôоôаɡѾָˣĬ΢΢˹ȻȾƣ˵ģȫǿԼ
һůȫҪĬ֮£ôõһˣӱȻҲȷˡڶԣֻҪԼеģ˻ǶҪͳͳԼϣֻõİġ
СŮϻźÿķΣˮ٣Ĭ磬̫ˣϲ㣬ʲô£
׵һŮ˶һչ¶ȫεʱһŮΪÿʱ򣬾ԿĬ
ȷ
Ĭ϶ǺÿüۣʶԷԼڰô˲ҲɸֳһĨ˼ϾԼǸʱҪȰ˵Ⱦƣ⣬СŮȴʲô֪
ţñ۸㣡Ĭ΢΢ͷ˷ڶǰľƱﲻȾƻǲҪˣȲɣȲ軹
Ů΢΢ҡͷҲѾһĨ⣬ҪҪĬһȾƣСǶҺȾƣһҪȸ
⻰ĬϵĶҲͣǣ˭
еļҽһϣȻҲ᲻ȾˣһŮӻٺȾƣƲʲôöĬҲһԼһûסģǰѾƸˮˣһһȥⲻŹˡ
Ųأ
ҪҾƵζȷʵģոճȥζٺȣǺϲζģϻһĨЦݣȻҲǼõġ
ĬѾȰ˵˶Ķˣֻѡ


192 ˣ1
˵ûйõʱ䣬㶼ѾǰѰŮȥɲƽʱŮϲȵˮƣŮǷǳģƵĺʮ㡣
΢΢ԴݺݵҡҡͷĬ۾ϿƲסһĨõЦݣĬ磬ҪȥñŤ㵹ˣǺÿʣкüϲ㣡
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣԼˣ
СŮѾˣڿʼ˵ˡ
Ĭ΢΢ʱǴӶ׻ʱҪҪһŮ˹
ˣĬסѾվȵĶ㣬˵˫ַס㣬СŮ˻ֱˤڵأ벻ôľСŮˣһȾƻģ
ƵǴԼ˵ģȻҲһ
ʵش˵ҲûкأĬôԲأҾٺȸ㿴һܺȺܶأ˵ŶһѱסƺⶼѾǲõƣֱӱžƺҪȾƣģҲ˵ĺ
Ĭۼֿ죬ӶϰѾƺѾˣȻҪȾƣŮǷ˲ɡ
ԼϵľƺĬˣҲˣСŮ΢΢촽һ˵ģƺĬʲôŭԹһĬ磬ôԾ˼ҵľƣһҲȾ˶Բԣ˵ҿ϶øģ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷʾԼҲһƼƽЩ
úãһĺùôǰʣµЩҺòãܲܶһ˺˰ɡĬ˵ҲЩˣԭҪӶ֪һЩ飬ڿԼǹչˡ
ţҶĬˣϲĬˣ
Ѿ˾ƣ㻹ĬﰮⰡ
úãˣסȥɡĬΪԼǸ˾ӣȻڶԷʱ¡
סҲ֪סˣ
ƺǱĬһסˣԼԴ벻ԼסˣֻߺпСŮʶЩ顣
ݺݵһԼԴǻ벻
ŮһίؿĬĬ磬ҲǵˡĬ֪һȥ֮ǳ׺òãǳ׺òã
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣСŮҲǹˣԼסﶼѾ벻ˡ
СŮ˻Ա˵ţҿǺأһ¶㵽ʱ򶼻֪ĬɣĿƵĿĬĬ磬ԺлһҪȥ￴
ĬһҲǿƲס¶һЦݣźãлһȥҿ־ͺܲ
ȻǰСŮ˾ˣȻһСһǺܶ˶벻ɡĬϻ˸Լݵ⣬γҪôȥ˽ʸڶˡ
԰ǺֺܻģкܶܶˣҰְ־Ĭһɣҿһ㶼ǸСʲôʱлһ㣬ĬĻͻһ
ĬҲЩˣҲ벻ԼȻôܵϲɡǰԼļҵͳͳ˵˳ʲôˣСŮǱ˶֪ɡ
Ĭ磬ô˵ǲǲţҾԲƭģ·Ϊ֯ˣŵ˶ҶǲֻȽϵ͵һ㲻ˡĬ᲻Լ˵Ļ˵һ·߶߶˵ͣҲǷĬð鶼˽һ
ǵ˿ջſڣĬ֪ڵסҲֻȰСŮ˸ԼסĿջϢˡ
ǵˡ
лһĨɻ󣬶ĬϤףڷֻҪĬоͲôˡ
΢΢˵ͷô죬Ǿ͵ѽĬ磬лл㣬һҾúܿģ
Ĭ΢΢ͷ벻ƵСŮ˻ôٶȣԼӦ˫һӲһѱסĬСŮ˺ǺˬĬĴӡһǣ󡪡һ£Ҳԡ
ĬҲסˣԼȻǱһŮ˸ǿˡ


193 ˣ2
Ĭ磬Ŷϲ㣬ҵģŲأŮһõЦݣͺһֱ͵ȳɹСһ¶һЦݡ
ͿԻ˻橾;Ƕ뿴˻橵СŮڿĬȻǴŶŮ˻ص˿ջͲɺݺݵս˫ȭֱ֪橵˶ŭŲϷй
ŶݺݵһĬ֮ȻԼȨǻɽ橾Բ̵ĵطˡ
޿̣Ǿ̣
ɾɾһǰݺݵ˦˶һƣžһ죬ϸС˲¶һɫİӡͿ֪һƵ˶
Ǽ橻һ㶼ŮˣҾûмôҪŮˣϲúڼţȻŹ˵ˣǲȱ˰ҿ㰡ҪˣҶŪ
橴һƢĬеˣھȻ˵Ů˵ԼˣܷŹ˶Է
˵־ǻҪˣĬס˶Է΢΢ҲɴһĨã橹ʲô
Ĭס˻橵ĸ첲ά˼һҲɸίˣлһĨš֮ǰĬ˵Ů̫ڹƣʺϽǶõʱ䣬վŮˡ
ĬĬ磬㾹ȻŮˣǲǣǲǡĻô˵ˣһľͺڵѪһĿƵضĬǲϲŮˡ
Ĭ΢΢üⶼôˣҶ˯ˣôһ֣е˶Ҫ֪ˡ
ݺݵһǵ˵ʱ䲻ˣȻȥ
Ҳһ˿ĿǣĬҲЩˣȻҪ˵ʲô
Ȼ̬䵽橵УǸʹˣСŮʹĵ˺Ҳɴһ˿ߡ
Ĭ磬Ҳʼǲǣߣ֮ŮһԲԣ
ΪԼѾҵʵ࣬סģҪöܿסԼأ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ橣㲻Ҫ룬ֻˡҡ
ϻʹı飬ĬҲֻҪڽͣôõĻᣬһҪʵ֮ĹϵѻŮ˴Ĭ߸߲źáڻ·ϣҲɢȥ˾һĨâסĬĬ磬˼ĺˣŮʲôǻȥϢɡ
ǻϽ͵Ϊ
оͲǺĬĻˣټ϶϶ĬѾͶһʵСŮһʹһˣȻôһŮˣ
ߺߣĬ㣬ԺҲҪˣ
橺ݺݵֱȻҪ˦ĬһƣڶĬźÿգȻôӲȥ֣ʹԼųߵתˣ
˵Ҳٶ˵ʲôֱת뿪
ĬеĻ橵Ҫǰȥ׷Ĭᣬһ˶ĬϣĬ磬Һܰ
ŶӣĬܲܰСŮ˸²ܣֻܺݺݵ̾һס壬һҶѾ˯ˣҲٰСŮ˿һ䣬ֻί˯ԼĴˡ
Ĭ磬㲻һ˯ɣסĬĸ첲
ĬҡҡͷԼȻǸŮҶ֪ԼǸ˰Ͷ˯ͬһ䷿䣬ʱ򶫷ڿɾȫԼˡ
½ŮӵڲǺ⣬Ҳǿţһ˼һǻôġ
㰲˯ɣȥ濴ͺá
˵ĬҲܶӷ˳ȥĬһͬ뿪ĵȻСˡ֮ǰС궼Ѿ˯ˣⲻ飬ﻹ˯š
Ŀ䵽ĬϣƺôҲ벻ĬôͶŮ˽͵һŮ˸˻ȻҲᱻ橿
ˣĻСİ˵ѡˣҲѡŮ˰ɡСȻǲôϲġɵҲʼΪƽˣС֪㵣İҹҹ˹͢ҽİҹˣһпɲΪ㰡㵹ǺãȻͱŮ˻죬֮󻹱Сˡ
С΢΢ҡͷĬĵȷǲôǡ
ĬҲû뵽橾ȻΪĿĲŻڰҹʱ
ҺͶ֮ûʲô飬㶮áĬһС꣬ԼôܻͶʲôϵ
СҲε̯̯֣԰ҶðҶûʲôãСײаһѪĻش


194 İҹͬһݣ1
Ĭ̾ϢһȻѾˣҲı䲻ʲôܹû橶ԼĵĻʵҲһõˡ
ˣѾˣȥɡĬͷ̾ϢһҲһ°ɡ
Ĭ⻰СҲٶ˵ʲôˣ˼С궼ף׼øղǸŮô죬Ů˺Ҳǿ˰Ȼôϲ㣡
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣС⻰һ㶼ʲôõģԵĻԸǶϲңҲ˺ܶ鷳
ĬĻôϲ˵ֻصѹûʲôˡ
İҹĿĬŶ֮һջ˶ˣղŻ橵ɤſһ㶼ᣬǸ֪˺Ͳ֪˶Ѿ֪顣ټϸղŻ橿ĴҽˣСŮ˾Ǵķ߳ȥģİҹô᲻֪ĬͶ
أ͸ղǸŮʲôİҹ𣬿ǰĬҲһ
תͷİҹĬ΢΢˳飬ǺǣҹôҲˣ廹ûȫðɣȥϢáҲ֪ôģĬȻİҹʱĪһĨɬ
ݺݵذĥĪĸо˦һؿİҹ
˯İҹĿ䵽ĬϣĬɸоԼ˵ȻԼ˯Ļ϶ᱻ˸ĿȷĬҲûҪĻؿͷȥϢϾѾһڣȻҲʱ򻹳ɡ
̯һ֣ʾԼҲΰҲ֪Ҫȥ˯½Ҫ޽ͷˡ⻹Ĭе뷨ҲΣܹôأ
İҹһһεĬ㲻˵ط˯ĻĬ֣
ĬɻҲ֪İҹҪ˵ʲôȴҲʶİҹķ˹ȥӦһѱ˸ס˸첲һȥ
ʲô˼
ԭһĬҲѾȫסˣİҹҪԼȥɸоһǽϵŮ̫ңһĬҲѾȫµ״̬͸İҹ˼·
С겻һ̾Լ˾ôɵظİҹˣĬİҹʱͻֱ߰ԺҪô졣ˣͰһﰡ۸˵Ľ࣡
һһСߣϻһëǸġһһ֮ǰİҹıӸ˦Сꡣ
СҲסˣģݺݵüİҹҵģҲҺСͺһܹһܹܵС˿̵Ĳˬ
ţ˵ˣǸ˯õģ㲻Ҫûȥˡ˵źһ׼ôˣֱһС˼ţʲôʱ˵ҪĻˣҷ£ҵģ
СһȣȻоһٸһǧ⣬ʱֻѡЭˡ
˵Ĭİҹĺ棬Ҳһ仰û˵΢΢СԴģİҹʱĬʲô
ĬİҹԹԵػķ䣬ʱǺ֪طӦİҹԼסһ䲻ɡ
ĬһܻԼķ䣬滹ж㣬Ҳ˵ܺİҹ˯һ˰ɡ
ҹҺ˯һ˼
İҹһĬѵֵûԣֱѵԼ£תͷĬһεģ㻹ڸ˯
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ȻʶİҹĻŴ̵ķȥӲվԭزȥİҹأ
ҹҾһǻԼķ˯ɡ
˵⻰ĬҪݺݵ˦Լһƣҡͷ㲻ҪᣬһǡһÿԱߵΣǰһô鷳㲻ǻأ˯಻ãһѹ˿ھͲˣһ˯һɡ
ؾĬҪΪԼķӦݺݵصˡ˵ʲôҲܺİҹͬ˯һŴȻԼһ¶ô죬ҪǣǸŮӰ
İҹĬӿһ㶼ΪǵӣеԥѾֱӰˡĬ˵ҲǺãȻˡ
ҲùˣֻҪĬ»Լˡ
ţ˯Ǳ߰ɡ
˵İҹһӣֱӰѷһվҲϨˣ˲һƬڡ
Ĭǻڣͺʱʱ̶̿ԼȻһͬһ䣬㲻һŴ⻹ǲܹ̰
Լ¶ûѣϣ˫ץסΨһһȫӲţָоһҹ
⻰ĬȻҵİҹ˵ܾԼûĵӣİҹԼһʱ䣬ĬȻԷĬһκͱͬ˯һӣлźܶ಻Ȼ
͵͵һİҹķ򣬲ķ䣬ʲôӲ˵ǿİҹû˯ˡĬɺݺݵüʲô鰡ԵĻԸԼûгȥҲ˲鷳
İҹ˯ûأ
Ĭȥģɲڵİҹ˯Լź÷˯ƺҲˣԼôñ˺ú˯أ


195 İҹͬһݣ2
ĬȻһҲ۵ˣܿ춼ѾƲס˫Ƥˣһ䣬ҹҹ˯𣡡
ûеõκεĻشһİҹҲѾ˯ˣһĬһɣǰȫˣڰסԼҲͷ˯ȥ
ǰܹĬƽĺǳĺҲ˵һĬ˯ˡ
İҹͻȻһӴӴ˫ۣڲӲӵоͺҹһʵİҹʹû˯ŹǸղĬǷȥôܻ˯š
ȷĬѾ˯ˣǻ´Ĭ˯ǰ棬лһĨİâϴһĨ磬С˶ԼעĽɡ
İҹԼ˯ڴϣĬ˯Σİҹô΢΢һشϱĬĬ۵ˣ˸Ҳ˿ûвʲôһĵط
İҹ΢΢ò˵Ĭ˯ӻǱĿɰ˶Щ᲻÷ſˣҲ֪С˶뵽ʲôһĨÿЦݡİҹĬڴϣԼǷ֣ĬҴҴӡ
˯ĬҲܵһůǾԷ¶ȣǵЦôƲס𣬻İҹ֣Ĭס˶Էĸ첲һҲ֪˵ʲôǲɿڡ
İҹҲЩˣԭҪĬ˯һЩǰ˴ϣԼ׼ȥΣԼĬݺݵرסȻǳ鲻첲ֻ˵ʱİҹȻЩ᲻ó鿪Լĸ첲Ĭᣬһ˱÷϶޹һ
Ĭס˸첲İҹоȻҲһĨ۵׵ĳ·Ҫһ㣬Ŀ䵽ĬϣÿգǱŵ۾΢Ľëţ֮Ǽͦıˮ۵ĺ촽ƺҲһջ
İҹɺһоԼҲʼ̬չˣԼȻڿĬ˯տˣһ˰
İҹظܵԼѾĬջˣȫûа취ԼеĸһֻҪݺݵӵСˣĬŮҲİҹеˡ
ô˲䣬İҹҲǿԼģ۾һգգؿĬĺ촽滹ŵˮҪȥһ¶Էζ
ʵİҹҲôģĬһѾ˯ˣȻҲ֪ʲô뵽һ㣬İҹҲһ£ƵĿ䵽Ĭϣڽ޵ĺ촽ĿǲܿƵسǺɫӣϮȥҲɴŨŨڴͽš
ͺǹȥһһԸԳشĬĺ촽İҹҲɻһĨŨŨĻϲᣬȻǺԼеһá
ģƺһ㵭ζζȷǺֲܲûôϲǣİҹҲֵĵ΢΢ȲҪȡķҷ
ԭֻǳֹᣬһԷ֮󣬾ͬкĺˮһҲƲסˣڶȥȫƲסȻʱİҹҲȫûҪͣҪࡣ
˿Էĺ촽һ룬Ŀƺһ˿ȵζ
İҹͬһ´½Сһ޾֪̽УѾԼĳԡİҹ룬Լνľ˵С˶ǰȫʧһȫûκЧ
Ĭ˯УⲢǱʾԼһоûУԺξԼǱʲôݺݵѹסô벻ҲʼüΧĿôϡͺҪһ
šĬɷһİҹһԭҪסĬĸ첲͵һ ͣ˰УһҲҶԼĳĬ
İҹҲɺݺݵҡͷԼôˣȻҲôһҵ֪ʱĬѹ⸱ģС˶ʲôı飬˵ʵİҹкǺ棬ҪĬӦԣȴֲġ
ӴԺĬԼԶĻİҹܽܵĽ
һҲһĬƺҵһλã΢΢һǳ˯ȥ
һİҹҲ֪һʧˣûб־ͺá
ĬҲ뵽Լмӵ˾ȻԼ˯ŵʱɡ˯ǳɹõ˳ʿҲԺúõػˣξϤձǳĬǰ
İҹ
Ĭһ죬УҲ֪ⲻһξȻεʱεİҹˡȻⶼΣôͳ׷һذɡ


196 ֮ҹսǰϦ1
İҹ׼뿪ϾĬӣȻİС˶˾Ͳˣɿָ֣ػĬͷǿԼŲĬϵĿ⣬תߡ
ţҹҹĬһгɲİҹ֣ô˲İҹҲԭأĬ˻һԼΡ
İҹϸؿĬȷС˶Ѿ˯ˣǿƲס΢΢εʲô𣡡ӵĬ͸ŵΣÿˣһСһһӣҰĺ촽ϻŵˮ⣬ÿ
һİҹҲˣҲ֪Ĭ֮ͻ˵ʲôλҲ֪Էεʲôϣ¶һɫƺǽһ
ҪߣҪߣĬǰһҪסǰˣȴôԷһСݺݵҲɴһĨҪߺòãԲҲǹġ
ĬҲƽʱʱ򲻻ֳģİҹһۣȻҲ᲻þôſĬǿĬίܵӣҲʼһᡣǰһסĬ֣˵ģߡ
ԭĬѾ϶İҹһԼԭԼˣûа취Է벻Ȼ˶ԷİҹԼ뿪ģĬɸоԼһ綼ô˲ˡ
΢΢ƺǺ޽ŵģסİҹĸ첲ҪߣҲƭġ
ԴӷԼȻİҹŲͼ֮ĬҲһֱĲ˶һֵŮˣѾĬϺüҪ߶Է±˻ȥԷô룬Ȼûˡ
İҹһʲôԭŻĬôţĬʲôⶼѾΪƭˡ
ܵĬĽŲİҹɺ֪ԷһôΣ׻ǲĿĬ˵Ҳ㣬㣬˯ɡĬʲôİҹԸȥŶԷĬȻѾܽˣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬һԼ˵
İҹ֪ĬĲԱ飬ȻǲиеŨŨϲɡİҹʲôˣֻҪ϶飬϶ˣܷʲô׸ı䡣
һҹƺܳƺ̣ܶĬҲǲɱİҹĻᵽˣиеţƽǲԸɿİҹĸ첲
İҹлһĨΣĬʱͻƲסҲˡ˺¶ԣİҹǵԼô˯ŵˡ
峿һĨأŽɫĹâһ䡣
ĬԼĻЩǵĴԣ˫ۣԻһĨɻƺûзӦԼΪλܿ»عԣ˶סˡ
Ӧ˭ϵ𣡿ΪʲôһԼȻ˯ڴϣĬϵɫҲòÿˣһתͷöİҹϤգ˽˫ۣȻ˯ú㣬۵״һĨɫźƣӣĬЩþôİҹˡ
Щص㣬صԼΪλİҹͬ˯һŴϣΪҪģ
ĬһϾİҹʲôõɣп˵ˡһ뵽ЩĬ˶ˣһ죬ֱİҹ᲻ᱻİҹ׷Ŵ򰡣
εջԼرסİҹĸ첲ͺʲô鶼ûзһǾԲЩԼġ
ʲôûʲôûһжᣡ
Ĭ֪ڰοԼʲôˣΨһһлĴűĬ˯ʱ򴩵ڻǺúõĴԼϣܻܲᱩ¶̫
һĬҲǲףԼǺúõϢôһֱ˴ϣرİҹҪжжˡȻİҹΪԼǶ䣬Ҫռ˰ɡ
һ뵽һ㣬ĬҲǿƲסһһת׼뿪
һԼ·ǿװʲôûзӣٻܹٲ֮Ρ
ȻĬ֪֮ǰİҹѾ˹ŽرסԼĬһʱ֮Ҳ֪ҪôӦ֮ĬԲŻѡ˯ӡ
Ĭȷʲô֪ˣ΢΢һɣ΢΢䵽ĳҪֱ˵С˶ϣеЦҲҪȥ
ĬһİҹȻˣ֪ʲôˡ
Ӳվԭأܲܵʲôûзӣ


197 ֮ҹսǰϦ2
Ĭ˵ֻεվԭأתİҹûУ֪ƽʱԼȥˡ
İҹлһĨΣѵô²ɣֲĳ뵽ۣİҹһԺвϵĻ棬ģϿһ㶼ֳĬ
İҹʹһĬ֣ĬȴɸоԼǱʲô˸ѨλһһվԭأݺݵصһòײڹתͷİҹϻһĨЦݣҹϺãʱ䲻ˣȻȥ緹ˣҪʲôҪҰ
ĬҪԼĺƤֵʲô֪ӣͲİҹץ鲻ŲɣϷʲôʲôǵˡţӦ˵֮ʲôûзֻʲô
ôһ룬ĬҲֱ׳ˣˮİҹɫĪӣϿһ㶼ˡ
ԭķӦƺΪģҲǼ֮䲻ٵΣһİҹȴǲɻһĨˬȻԼĬùֱ֮˵ĸоеĨԹʲô
İҹ˵ͷȻĬѡ񵱳ʲô֪ȻҲٶ˵ʲô
ţһȥɡ
İҹ⻰ĬȻһֱˣֻһϴĬİҹ˵ظ£ȫͰԼɲһ»һ֮ǴϷԱߵ£ȫ̵ĶޱȵĻ
ʱĬӦװʲôֻ˵ֱתȥ˫žͺڵסһһҶɵվԭؿİҹ·
ĬƲסһ죬ԼȻʲôˣò˵İҹǺðҪƲסҪȥһˡҺԼϾҪȥʱǿٻôܹѵʱأ
һĨź϶Ѿ˯һŴˣͲӦ˷ᣬúһѲܹ񫰡ڣֻܿҪװʲôӣǿ˵־ʱ
İҹһС˶ȵĿ⣬Ȼ۵ףҲ벻ĬĻĸȤ޵عһĨаЦ
İҹǹģ
ͿֱӴ¾ͿԺĬţǹĬǰ·»һɲҪĬʲôӦڿĬķӦ֮İҹҲһĨ⣬ԺҲǲջ˶Է
İҹⷬ˼ɲñ֪ˣȻ϶Ҫ˶
и䲻İҹƺûʲôģʳ˼̻ѾģʱİҹȻҪԼջĬֱ
ĬȻ֪İҹл뷨ֱܾ֮ѾϤĲֱ˴ˣĬŻῴİҹΪˣֱǸɧ޵ˡ
ĬϵһºĿӰɡİҹĬȻȻ˵ͺⲻһƽˡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ϵӣǸӣȻܿĬҲǿİҹǸӣȷҪæҲԹõİɣȻƽʱʱİҹôġ
ȻһĬǲ˵ڵģòл῿İҹ˵һԼԸʲôСһ˼ҵĺҲǲġ
ҿˣվﲻҪ
Ĭһȣİҹ߱ϵЦôƲס
İҹһĬģЩԼղŵľٶǲǶԵˣȻĻȴҲ֤˴˿İҹ顣
ĬذİҹϵϿӣ⶯٣ûаɣûκγԶİҹѾ׼˿ĬȻʲôû
Ŀһˣǳȥɡ
Ĭ˵ͷһ̾İҹĺ棬ôȻǹɶµϱԼ˵ĺ棬ղæ˼·ɺݺݵذֲ׵뷨˳ȥŲСϱأ
߳ţĬİҹָһģƺʲô鶼ûзһ
Сһһʱ˹ԻһĨŨŨĿ飬Ѿˣɶ˾Ȼֻһͺһһ˯һϣֱǲ̡ĬȻô˸ջˣȻ˻Ĵڣ


198 ֮ҹսǰϦ3
أǶҵĴˣСдŨŨĿ飬һͱסĬĸ첲СŮвһĨԵĿ⣬ȻĬŵİҹζ
СҲɺݺݵؾˣ˲ʲôյɡ
Ĭ֪СʲôСŮĿ飬ϲһ죬ϵĻԼڿİҹʱȫһУİҹ뿪Сֻ˵һ䱧Ǹˡ
ЦЦôġ
СһؿһĬʱԲ˵Լôȹģֱ̫ˡߣҲˡǶҲˡ
ĬҲɴŨŨΣҲãҪ˹ҺǸ
İҹĿһ䣬СرסĬһ嶼ҪĬĻˣ֪СʵĬԼޣСһﶼѾγˣӲ
ΪС겻ɸоһʶĬϿⱳҲ͸ӱˡ
ĬЦЦҲˣŮбܲһֱô㡣İҹ˵һСﻹʲô׵ģڱ
֮ǰС꿴İҹڻ橻úȤԸ˻ԼָоͲˡ
ҪҪôСԺǲǾͻᷢչΪֻҪĬߵ˶ᱻİҹųȥֱ̫ˡ
ܵСеίĬȻҲ飬СļĿתİҹ΢΢ҹЦЦһֱңҵһȻܺͱһú͸Ȼôࡣ
Ĭ⻰Сⲻһİҹ¶һЦݣɣĬǱȽҪõĬĻģҪֺԼġ
ȻİҹҲѾһ㣬ĬУֻС껹ǺռҪԡôһİҹǸӿˬСˣһֻɧĸ꣬ڻĬעֱǿɶ
ܵİҹеĲˬұʾԼվһ߲Ҫ˵ȽϺãȻ֪Ȼİҹ᲻ԼϡСͶȥһԺС׵İҹ³ˣͿ˵
Ĭ磬ôôˣϡ
Ů˽εεȻϱĬĶ㡣
СŮ˻ϵ·ϴһĨÿĺΣĬ񶼿ˮģκһ˿˶Ķѵİɡ
⻰ĬҲɺݺݵסˣǲ˵ģҪ˵ϿǻİҹίһϣɲΪñ˲ᡣи˵⻰ʱȻԼûˡ
ˣҡĬһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôźãϾǸŮӣ˵ǲãȻ˶СŮ˵Լˡ
Ĭôģİҹ˵;Բù˼ôˡ
ĬǺԼ˯ģûŮʲô飬ҪҸ˸ҲԺĬûʲôϵ
İҹ΢΢һ䣬ǹһĨĻȣĬҷ
Ĭҷ
һ仰ôžô֣Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣԼݺݵؿһѵĸо
ڿǺİҹһűȽϾ˻ʲô飬ĬͶסһһϣʲô鶼ûзҲҪˡ
һͣĿ䵽ĬϣϷʵǼǵõģڻصջ֮󶫷Ѿָˣô˵ҲҪĬ᲻ʱԼ𡣿ǲˣڡ
СŮ˺ܿǻָڿĬʱĸһ㶼ûзı䣬ƺԽŨˡ
㳯ĬһҾˣҪллĬϰͻ
ȻǴϣҲ඼ˣĿⲻԾ䵽ĬߣҲɴŨŨľȣȻ˷ôһ˲ģתһסһϡҶˣڶĬĸǿף˼СŮȴƫƫ˲˾ӡ
Сһ׮ҳݡĬҡҡͷҲǲˡ
Ҫ˵вˬĻǶ㣬˺ĬദĻᣬҪҲһ׵顣ȻиӿԿĬƷһ˾ӡ
΢΢ҲǺܺõ֤Լ۹Ⲣûдϲһֵиˡ
Ĭ磬ҲҪȥμѧԺаɣǵȻһȥҲ˳ѧԺԺͬˡ


199 սа֮1
⻰Ĭ΢΢ͷвûʲôϲ鷳ĸоѾ˻橣Ҳ֪֮ᷢʲô飬ԸĿԳ׷ʧȥҲ˻ҪһЩ
ţԺҪˡ
ȻĬ²ߣһĻҵĶܾôˬأ
ӺסĬ֣סҵĶԱ߿ҲİҹӺ߹վĬ߰ˡ
ĬȴǲһסˣϲûбֳκȻھϵ֮Ĭٴİҹʱ͸оʲôһˡ
ڣİҹסԼ֣ĬȻƲס٣ָоȫƣͷģҪܣȴ᲻ÿܶԷһĨڴ
һĿƲסؼİҹҪʲôأ
Ĭתͷİҹ۾ҹ
İҹĿĬжԼԺͬͬѧİҹȥѧԺȻѾˡѾ˼ƽϡ
ȥ㣬ȥѧԺ
İҹ˵һ֣ɲ˵Ҫ͵ֻĬһˣʲô֪֮ĻӦ뿪
Ĭ΢΢ͷţ˵Ҷеˡ
㲻ɺݺݵس˳üģôԼһεεĴվȴǱĬֱӺˣĬȻһ˸ˡ
ضҲԸһ֮ǰеκͱˡ
СһĨаȵЦݣĿؿһۻ橣һŮ˻ҪˣҪһԼСȻСǲϣԼΪûеطϢеˡ
١
󴺻µȻҲһֱҶ㣬ΪѾߣǾȻǰǵŪˣСѾͷôܹżء
Ŀ䵽µϣ֣û£Һܺãɫó߰ˣҲȥɡ˵ŸĬİҹ뿪ķȥŮлһĨֱǲܺܺõ߽ĬС
ڣĬҲûҪԼһȥʳкܶҪȥˡ
뵽֮ǰ橺ĬǼӰģ뵽һ㣬оͲһĨڻֻҪе֪֮Ӧ֪ĬǲһģһԼҲһˡ
İҹͷһĨϢȻҲǲˬģĿһ۶㣬Ůôôᡣ
òһ橣İҹΪԺĬ˺úһ𣬲ȴǻ˶ˡ
İҹֱӵˣǿ߶㽿εεģˣͺʲô۸һȻҪǣǽεεģĬҪһ˼ϣһİҹ͸ӿˬˡ
ǵѧԺ
ĬаȻǱ֮ǰ˸ˣǹʱҲˣѾǼˣһ綼ѾۼȴҲǲòϣһϣѧԺľӢѧԺǸӳˡ
һսˡ
Ĭ̾ϢһȴŨŨս⣬ȫûκεĵġ
ǷǳڴǿĶ֣ҲԼʵս
İҹ˼Ĭϣƺ˶ȫ˸׺һԵġ
Ĭ΢΢һİҹڹԼлһĨϲã΢΢һŰƴСŵЦݣţҹͿҵˡ
ûҪõӢһλãǰöˣ
Ĭɻǵ֮ǰ˵Ӣõǰ˻ܹõѧԺĶĽŵѧԺȻҲǷƷĬ΢΢ȭǼᶨҪˡ
Ĭһ˹ʱ򣬴ҼʶظĬÿһ·ǿߵʱֱӱֳ𾴡
Ĭ΢΢Ȼڴ̬ȻǼΪġ
ĬǹˡӰǰ߹ȻǿĬ֮Ҳʮָ˵ġ
Ĭ΢΢ü΢΢һ˵ͷţˣҲ׼μεа
ɺݺݵҡͷûأҪ֪ѧԺμаˣǾǾӢѧԺǿеǿߣȻʵҲûЩ̬Ƚϵġ
ͷŹҰɣҲŲȺ̬ⲻн汻Űɺݺݵس˳ǣֲ⣬ϲŰ
ôĬҪ˵ģĬҿҪһΪ֮ǰʱֵ̫ˣȻһӻ˾Ӣǰʮ׮ƣοкܶ˶ǳġ
ɲĬһˡ


200 սа֮2
Ĭ΢΢˳ǣ˵Ϊ֮ǰԼı֣ԾͰѧԺЩŵĸֶǾˣһǳԼҪˡܹΪǱ̬ˣʵҲǺǿɣôͻȻ־޴ѹԼϮ
γ˲˰ɣѾΪǱ̬ˣôô°ĬЦĬӣҲǺµӣƵĹʣǺ˷ܵӣΪҶ
˵ʲôˣתȥǺǣǺ˷ܵӣһ㺦µģǱ̬һ̬
һҪϣ֮ǰ;Ĭǿ쿴Ĭ׮ƶս֪֮͸ǿˡ
˸ǹôĬԼĺܲϰ߰
΢΢˵ҲҪô˵ȻһҪֻǲǲʲô˵ˣξӢѧԺǿ߶˭ҪμεıĬȻвηЩ֪֪˷ܰս
ݺݵصͷɲҪĬЩˡ
ҪսӦþһ쾫Ӣе׮࣬ӦҲ뵽ɣ׮׮Ƶĸ磬ԭڱչأθձչسӦǵõͻƣȴֱԼĵܱܵܵ飬׮Ҳ˲ᣬ׮ȻҪΪԼĵֻܵһˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷҲܹ⣬׮Ѿǳˡһ׮࣬ôԼǺ׮ҵ˷һֱ֮ܵˡ
׮ʲôʵʲôɱﵣ
ǲĬҲǺ׮ྫӢеȻû˸ˡǰѧԺаһս֮׮ҲǴԼţ֮һƽʱҲôܹڸӲʲôʵˡ
ֻܸ㣬ǰ׮Ѿʵʵ֮ȥҲȥȷжǿˡ΢΢ͷ˵ǰ׮貨ٶȼ죬ʱ㶼ûзӦѾˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷ޹Ϊ첻ƣǸǿߡҲ뿴貨ҵ˭˭¡˵ٶȣĬ߲ӰؾϵҲǼΪģټԼɽеõϹŴӰؾϣٶȾǸӿˡ
Ҫ˵Ĭں׮ƶսʱҲûʹԼٶȡ
ĬôŵӣҲö˵ʲôȴ뵽һ飬Ŀһ
ףСȻûкһ飡ҲɻŨŨľȣҪ֪ԴĬ֮󣬾ͺǺͻӰ룬ؾȻûĬ߿橣λ᲻ȣֲܾʲôһ
˵֣ĬҲɻһĨΣ橵ĳǰǰѻ橸˰ɣСŮԺҲ׷ˡһҲһ¡
Ĭ΢΢˵Ժ󶼲߿橹˰ɡӦǿˡ
֪ôģܹظܵĬеΣһǳˣᰡСǾôܻأ
һϣǿף橾ԲԷˡ
Ĭ̯̯֣ЩҲͣ˵Щˣȵ֮˵ɣǽ컹صϰɡʵ˵ĬҲ֪᲻ˣ뿪֮᲻̫ࡣ
ȫĬ룬橵վʲôҪ˵
΢΢һ㶣Ȼһ橻Լ飬ô̫߳ĸоʶŻȥ橹ˣ׼úĶսˡ
ϻ橲ôÿɫԽˣ˶ǲԾǳˡȻҲǲʶĬӣҪƽʱʱ򣬻ǳĬȥˣȻ
橲˵ΪĻĬ̬ȣǺͶŮһ
ʵȵϻ橻صУȴԽԽԣ⼸Ĭ˺Լһʱ⣬ǺİҹһˣûʲôʱͶദģͲӦôֱ뿪˵ԼĬڻﻹߣܳСʲôʱܹˡ
Ȼ橲֪ҪȵĬһǰͣǺˡ
ĬѾţᣬûԼǾͲʲôһĵطˡ
䣬Ȼһսһ˲ɣڻ橸ҪսһҪӮ˲Ƕ㣡
ҺԼˣǾһ°ɡ


201 սа֮3
ĬŻƺҲжٲͬĵطøӼǿˣ˵һ£˵ͷҲĲ١
ڻŵģҲǿãǺѽҿſĬ˵ĺóɼˣ˵⣬Ҳɾúʲôһˣһת橺Ĭ֮ǰǳ˵ᡣ
аĬĿȴǿƲסؿĬвһ˿ڴ
ʱʵкֻҪĬһԼŪˣһ飬Ը⵱ʲôûзȻĬûС
ԭϣȴǲɻɿգȻǲö˵СŮежôıˡеŭ޴ɷתͷվĬĶϣŨŨŭŮˣ
Ҫ橵ˣԲô׵顣
һĬɲ뵽ŮѾΪԼĹϵڰв֪˶ٴˡ
ĬתͷߵİҹߣҹȻһսѽ
ĬԼûз֣ԼʱʶȥѰİҹæ
İҹĬʵţ΢΢˹ԼͺãԼ
ô˲ͺǱοһĬҲ֮ǰ˵Լ׮ƶûģӮһأζ׮Ҳһĵ
ţҲڴ˵ĬһĨõЦݣÿվȻûһ¿ˡ
ջˮͬĵ仰ӦҲÿܹ˵ע
Ĭ㿴Ǹ˾׮࣡
ڿ׮߹ʱ򣬵һʱĬ
˳˵ķĬĿҲ˹ȥ˴һɫĳīɫĳһľͷϣЯһѳ˰ý͸ն˻ǲѾкܾûɹ̫һ
Ĭ׮źܴĲ׮ıȽϽС֪ԷǸˣҪǲһŮˡݰ׵ģ˿ȥûʲôѪɫ֮⣬ҲһӢꡣ
׮ࣿ
ĬĿ΢΢һ㶡
Ĭ׮ʱ׮Ҳǿ˹˵Ŀڿн㣬ȻԷĬ˵ͷͷų
ô˲ĬбˣԷԼ֣˼ֺøУ΢΢˶ԷһЦݡҲ֪׮ֵ˵ʲôպǺг
׮ڿĬʱҲ¶һЦԶԶشһкתͷ׮˵Ĭɡ
׮΢΢ͷԼҵܵǽĿ⣬Щ֪˵ʲôźˣһҪٹ۲һ󡣡
׮вΪȻ׮Сһ𳤴󣬻ܲ׶ԷЩʲô׮ȻϲϣҲѾͬԼ뷨ȻղҲĬͷųΪԼʲô֪һ
ǹȥкɡ
˵׮ֱӳĬ׮ȻҲǸϡ
һȻҲѾв׮ҲҪμ飬һһⲻ׮ǹĬˣҲΪ˸׮Ƴһˡڿ׮ƺ׮ֵܳĬ߹ȥŨŨİ֮ѾȼڻûпʼսѾԿϷˡ
ȻƺҪôʧˣԭԤ뵽沢ûг֡
ĬҸ׮ࡣ׮ھĬһս֮ѾϿĬˣȻҲҵ׮ࡣ
Ĭ΢΢ͷƵĿ䵽׮ϣ΢΢׮磬Ĭָ̡Ȼ׮ȻսԼһᵱȻҪڵطһӡ
׮ಢûж˵ʲôֻؿһĬţĬܴ׮УȷмʵȻһ㡣⻰һȻǴ׮ǳĬҪ׮ֻһˡ
ԾҲһĨڴֶԾľʣ֮ǰĬ׮˵Ķսкܶûпһʱ䣬пɶĬĴڸҪ˵жǿ
׮׮⻰ɺݺݵس˳ǣϣĬвҪˣΪԼǰ˵ʲôŻ׮鷳
Ĭ΢΢ͷǿƲסһĨÿĻȡ
о׮Ķ⣬ԷҪԼսдһȻѡ
ҲڴĬ׮ͷʱúýһ
׮֮ĬѾµ˽Ľ㲻׮ĳ֣ȻҲбԼûҪġ
׮Ĭ̹Ȼ̬ȣҲɶ˼ֺøУ΢΢һҵȻǲġ
ȻҲȫԸĬ΢΢ͷڱȻҪԼȫȻҲǶԶԷͱһֲ𾴡


202 ŮսֻΪһˣ1
ԭлڰĬѵһ㶼е뷨𣬿Ĭ׮֮СŮҲѾǿƲסˡݺݵصһ׮࣬ǻԲǶԷĶ֣ᶼҪȥˡ
Ǻǣܴܵ򲻹˼ңھǻ˸磬ǲԺҪɸ°
⻰˵һ㶼ɱ˾Բֻлһкܶ˶׮׮ҳӵ黹ǲõġⲻ۸
׮Ŀϻƣûжһ
΢΢˹ǿһ׮ƣ׮Ŀ⣬׮ҲɻһĨգתͷʲôûпˡ
Ĭȴǲ΢΢üվ˳Լĵܱܵ˸۸ˣվĲ
Բסˣ橲˼ĬдźÿᣬĿϣûκζ׮ĲˬҺڴλ׮ʦֽһ
׮಻ֻȥͱ˽ʲôˣȻҲһϲںܶ˵ĳϣ׮ֵһҲźܴ֮ͬʵˡ׮ƵᣬҲûаѸղŻ橵Ļϡ
Уֵܾȹȥˡ׮׮ѧӣѾѧԺźõλãȻҲúĬվһ顣
뿪ǹһкˣûʲôҵĳͻΧֵʧ˺ܶࡣһ뵽ȻܿĬ׮˵ĶԾҲɲŨŨڴ
ԼǺĬģȴһ㶼飬Ż֮
ߣ׮Ǻ׮Ʋһˮƽģʵǿ׼ˣǵĬ˵ڵĻȴɴ˴һ
˵⻰֮СŮҲɴһĨںޣĲǹҪô̼ĬڻУһֱǰĬΪˡ
ʵҪ˵ǣĬܲӮ׮࣬ԼжǸǿˡʱգĬһʤ׮࣬˵֮ȴȫһζ
橲ɺݺݵս˫ȭ˵ڵĻȻҲ˵ˣĿ⿴Ĭлһ㵣ĵġ
Ĭڻ̵ĻҲ⣬΢΢ͷֻ֪дһûʲôգܺ׮ʦֶԾҵһˡ
΢΢һһֱվں棬Ĭ׮֮սлɵŮ˾ȻʱǸĬǳԷǺѵõĬĻˣ㲻룬ԼǸˣҲϲǻŮ˰ɡ
ǰһεεĬ𣬺ߴӵؿĬ
Ĭ磬ôжˣǲ£һǾĬͶľ룬Ů˷ַʽ߻橣ĬԼĹϵԲһ㡣
Ů˺Ů֮ĽͲĬܹ׵ˡ
ĹĬȻҲϲģŶ¶һº͵ЦݣĬﻹлˡ
ȻĬ֪ԼľٶȴûиӼˣݺݵս˫ȭʵ̫ˡˣǶŮںԼս
ֻױܵŮˣŮԽԽҪõĬעˣ
ζҲ뵽ԼƷǼ˻ϵĶԣڻʼҳĺӣôʲô˴ڣǹҲһ橴С˶飬ȻҲǳصġ
һǰһǹʱԵȨΣ
ǺǣŮվʲô˵ô㵹ȥͱսվ˵ۣ㲻Ĭ˰һһĬ磬еĵҲǺĬ𣡡⻰˵Ҳһ㶼飬˺ˣȫ˼Լˡ
ĬҲɱӸŵˣҲˣȫսƣƺûʲôԿƻˡ
ôһ˵Ҳһ˭˱һһŮţ±˲֪һ
Ȼʱ򶫷㻹˵ʲôĻôվҶע橲ԼǶȴʲôⰡ
ʱõľĬվΪԼ˵ȻһǴ˻橵ҲԻ˶Ρ
ȷĬôĻ֮ҲҪǰһǰôõգ϶ΪѾİҹоˬˣȻҲĬлȥŮˡ
ȻĬǰ˵Ѿİҹ˻΢΢ҡͷСŮ֮飬ĬͲҪȥˡ
ҪԾ


203 ŮսֻΪһˣ2
ȻҲĬʲôڵĻᣬѾֱӿˣŭĿ䵽ϣ˵ʲôŮ˲ǺôĬҲûվŶ˵ĬĶҲɵˡ
ݺݵս˫ȭ⻰ǻ橲ڣҲһӦǶˡ
ãԾͶԾǳϼѵõĶҲ¶ĵطʱᵹһ⵹Ҳû橲и߿˼֡
֮ǰŮ˲ӦսڶӭսǳԼ⣬ϲ¶һЦȻ橶ԼʵǷǳԿ϶ˡ
ãǾͳϼУԼʵԵĲᱻȥôһҲǿĬǰһˡĿǱȽ˭˭Ӯûһͷ˵ʲô˵Ǹ˿ӦӮǸһȻǳΧ顣
⻰һоȻµ˻橵С˼ȵӮԼ֮󣬾Ϳ϶뿪ĬߵĻ
Ҳ̫ˣŮôܹ϶ԼһԷأ
ȷǻоԼһӮһҲһ뷨ԼȻСŮ֮䵽˭ǿ˭⻹һȷĽ
ã
ǸŮˣ˵⻰֮תͷǶĬεεģȻǺ֮ǰԻ橵ʱһȴҲǲò϶ǸΪƯŮˣԡ
Ҳ벻ˣĬһôǻ橻ǶŶǼΪŮˣⱳ󶼲֪ж׷Ķ󣬿һô׷Ĭôҿˡ
ȷҲòϣĬһǿߣһӹɣ֮ǰоͿԿˡһԭ򣬾˶ĬĻ˵ʵлǲܷ
ܻ橺ͶôڣĬҲǿˣ͵ʲô֪ɣô죬Ҳܾ
С꿴һĬı飬ЦˣȷҪĬŮӵһǳĬء
СһھҲʳ˻橺ͶСŮҪʵĻˣĬ磬˭ﻹһ㣡˵Ŀɲǻ橺Ͷ֮䵽˭ʤҲԿĬе̬ȡ
⻰һǻ橻Ƕ˶ʶĬȻҲڴĬĻشǲǿԵõһĻش𡣻˵еҲ׷˭һҪ˭һ㣬ĬжǵĿг̶ȣϣ˭Ӯ
ĬɺݺݵصһС֪꣬ϣһ㶼ͽȥСѾͷԼӲƣ
СüһлһĨЦݣò˵ǹġ˭Ĭİҹ˵˯һϣȻҪͺһջһǵֻ꣬ҲƢģ
СŮƵĿ⣬ĬȴʶҪܣǲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźˡ
һתĿ䵽İҹϣȻİҹæģҹô
ĬĿԲİҹĿĬȴ׵İҹϣƫƫǻ橻Ƕڶİҹʱ򶼲ʲôԣһҲǰĬ١
İҹڻ橺Ͷ˵˭ʤ˭һ㶼⣬ŮͳͳԶԶģҪĬǰźáĬڴ⣬İҹһתԼôشģȵϳ֮ͿԿˡ
һʵϵĻش𣬼Ȼ֪˵˭źãֺα˵ôϻֱӴһܾͺãô÷ϻ˲䡣
İҹ⻰һǵõĬԵ޳ɣɺݺݵصͷ⻰˵ĲȻ֪ˣҿǡ
Ĭкݺݵһ»橻Ƕ㣬СŮһҪȻĽΪʵˡ
ȻĬѵģǲСŮ˸˵ˡôĬܵõһĽˣȻҲͲôˡ
˭Ҳ߶ԷһߣǳϼǾԲġ˵дŨŨĿ϶ƺѾ֮Ľˡ
ȻҲǲܱ橸ȥźݻ˭أСŮֱ΢΢Դһ˵Ȼ˭ʤ˭һжأʱ˲Ҫˣͺˡò˵ֱĵĿǴ̼˻橵ˣ޲ھȥ˼Ҹһܡ


204 ŮսֻΪһˣ3
ȻѧԺҲ˻橺ͶеԸǸոճǩϣñǰѻ橺Ͷ˷һСԾʤһԽһֵıԾֱֳаǰʮ֮ʮٽһֵıǰʮľ
ò˵ѧԺַʽаȺ˳򣬸ȻҲвƽĵط˱ȽϵùһϵĶ־ͷǳǿôֱӱ̭ˣӲ˵ˡҲĺôаЧʡ
ǿߣھʵǰȫԼĶֵ˭
ⲻ΢΢ת򶫷㣬вϸԼԲܱŮ˸ܣҪ˵ǰ֤ԼǱȶĶࡣȻеˣû˻ĬһˣǿʤĽҪһ˵ע⡣
橵鶫βףҲǺͻһ顣
ֵ˵ĶԾ
վڳ϶㵽ΪֵֹǵʱжŶ˽ŵգ޲һưѶԷȷɵĽࡣ
ҲŹģս˫ȭĿһ˲˲ضŶ㣬֮ǰ橲ûм֣񼴱кҪϾͰѶܣȴҲܴʧݡ
ŮţȻ˲˵ע⡣
С㣬橹ûʱ鷳ˡߵСѾͷ˵вһĨɣҪݺݵһˡ
˵Ŀ⿴վ̨֮ϽֵŮˣ˵䣬橺Ͷ˾Ѿֲ°ˣӱϿ˻ڲ֮䣬ûжԵĸߵ֮֡
橹ҪӮ˶ԷҲһ׵¡
ĬվڲԶټжλŮ棬ҲһЩעߣñ⻰СѾһˡ
һ˵׼׻һ㻹Ƕһ㣬һԷֱ˵ĸ¡С㣬橹Ӯ𣡡ҲɴŨŨڴ
ҵעеߡ
治ɫĿⶼûдӳϵսŲһڴڴĿ³˵橹㣬ԱߵλСȴ˵㹥ȴʵá˭Ӯ˭䣬Ҫ˭ָܼá
Ҳȷ橺ͷ˵˭õʤ
һϣĬҲһģһڻ橺Ͷ֮仹ǿ˭һЩ
ɵ˵ͷҲˣҪȵˣ֪ŻԵøӾϲǡ˵ҲǰѸע·Ż̨֮ϣƺ뵽ʲôһתͷĬҲûжϵĬҪǣϣ˭Ӯ
⻰ҲɴһĨζ˶ó橺ͶõģɲΪĬСŮ˶ֻҪԼӮ˶ԷͿ԰ĬҲһӮ˹
ĬЦݣɺݺݵس˳ǡ
˺һվİҹߣǻӮ˻ǶʤһȫĬûʲôϵòãһ㶼ǳʲôϵ
ղﲻ˵ˣ£ﻹҪ˵ʲôѵΪҵһϣͻıĽɡĬ⻰Ȼѣϸϸһ룬Ҫ˵ϣ˭ӮĻĬ˽ﻹϣǻ橵İɡ
İҹһЩû飬ûжȤ
橻Ӯ˵ͳԱҲһ
Ĭһ˼ĿİҹǻİҹĻֻû뵽İҹȻעЩ顣
ȷĬڣȾȵʵҪֲ֪ȴȷ˵⻰
İҹش⻰಻ֺԼʲôϵ
Ĭ΢΢ͷȴǲһĨЦݣƺľԼˣҹǾ͵橹ɡ
ȻĬȻû˵лǸϣܹܹӮġ
ĬǻûпأôӦİ⻰ˡ̾ϢһȴҲЩĽĬİҹ֮ĸˣ֮˾ȡ
Ĭüһеɲϣźߣҹ۹⡣
һҲɷɢ˼עİҹϣ΢΢һȷأò˵İҹƵģԽһָĸоŶԷ˵ľˡ
Ȼûã¶橿һֱŻأڵõʱһƣֳֽ˿ԥŶ㹥ȥ⧲Ӳ橴ֱ̨ۣ
㣬ˣ


205 橵1
ò˵ǶԼ뵽ԼȻ˻橣Ů˸ų֮̂ĶԾȻѾҲѾˡ
ֱϻѪһᶫȴһ㶼⣬ƺоʹһˡ
ǲһĨаȵЦݣҪԣҲô򵥵ġ
ǺǣôҪˣɣһ˲˲ضŶ㣬ô˿ţҪ˵һ䲻ͬⶼУǶ
ȻٶĲԸ⣬ʱ򶫷ҲҪԺеǻᣬֻҪõĬģڽ˭ʤ˭ʲô塣ղ³çˣͻ橶Ծûжá
ǸŮˣܿǵ¶һĨᶨڷԵԽϧ
һǽڱˣһԾȫһˡ
ŶģҲ᲻ɲһۣƺеǿˣŮӶѾôˣȻҲ΢һ㡣ǶҪЧΪϡ
ļϵǱȶһЩҲɶ˼ֿ϶Ӯ˶㣡
ǰ¶ôģһ橿ɲһףϵǰѻ橸ˣСŮҲᵱô˵˵Ļ
ϻôϵģһ֣ȴӱֳֵı顣СŮ΢΢ȭԥĿһĬķƺôҴҵһƳ֮ܿ¶ϻ橣ѾǼᶨ
Ըķ䣬ˣҪҴӦʲô
˵⻰Ǻϲģڱ˿һҵСŮˣ߶༸ۡ
΢΢Ҫʲôˡ
СŮ˲ɿĬһлΪˣȻĬģҲǿǸʲô˼Ѿ˼ôˣ뵽ҪȥԲίԼ
ս˫ȭҪ뿪Զܳھǣ
ѶӾǸϳȥҲûлӽĬˡ
һͣ벻Ů˾Ȼôݶֱ
Ҳ˵ζﻹĿģûĿģ뿪˾ʲô취ӽĬ
Ȼ¶һĨʹɫСŮҡͷǧѧԺΪ׷ߵľ磬Ϊԭ뿪ѧԺңŶҲǽβʹ࣬ҪΥԼĳŵҲԸ뿪ǡ
ȷǶ˵ĽܹͨѧԺ˾Ѿʮֲˣȴ˼Ҿʹ뿪ȷЩˡ
Ĭһڶ㻹뿪
İҹоĬļһ뿪žԼûע⵽Լ˵⻰ʱ򣬾ȻҲǴһĨĲˬͳ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣܾİҹ⻰һô᲻ö뿪ءеԭڻܸİҹˡҪ룬Щԭ֮˵
вʣĿⲻ䵽ĬϣҲһĨĬܵĶԲԣϵĳҹģҲѾĬҲȻģ
ò˵λǱ¶ˣȴΪĬϲԭ
Ĭǰһ˶ǰĿ䵽橵ϣ橹ɣѧԺҲס
һ䣬ԭһı飬ڿĬվ֮󣬾ͺǱһ˼ĶĬ˾ȻŶ㡣
ǲǾҲ᲻Ů뿪
橲һȣȻжĬⷬҲǲ⣬ݺݵȭ˵⻰֮־ԼƾʲôĬأͲĬ˭
ôţĬҲɾñһͺǱ˸ĺһһ
⻰Ҫ˵ֻĬ΢΢ҡͷҺͶС㲻ͨѰˣֻ᲻Ŀô뿪ˡ
ȻĬ֪Խ˵Խûв⡣
Ҳ֪Լ˶ǿסԼ벻顣
Ҫ˵õĿ϶Ƕˣ΢΢Σ֪ĬԼأ
橺ݺݵģǺݺݵһ˵ãȻĬ綼վ涫С飬ҲòĬһӲǡһҲ벻ʲôҪСˣĬʲôõ飡
ĿһһգȻԼô׾ͰѶӾǸϳȥڸӲŮ˵ףĬԼǵġ
㿴һЦһõĻ橣Ҳû뵽橻ô췴Ӧ


206 橵2
ĬЩˣû뵽橻ģĿֻҪ㲻뿪⡣΢΢Ȼ֮ԼҾͲˡ
˵Ĭ˺һԼĿѾﵽ橲ǿŶ뿪ǣôԼ㹻ʱ鶫ԼģȻ㹻
΢΢һ㶣ĬȻôˣѵԼٺͻŮ˵仰
Ĭ˲ǻҲ¶һ˿ЦݣһʵĬҲôⶫɡƺҲĬ⣬ֻҪŮ˾ͺãеǰ취Ըˡ
ɣСҲΪ㣬ǶѧԺĵӣԺ㻹Ҫһʦ㣬ʮ֮ѧԺŻʽѧ⼸͸ҰɣҲھǺúϤһ¡橿ɲǰѶߣ⿴ŶǶԶһֽˡ
ɲʲô˶ܹڹߵģʵϻ֮öʲô黹練ƣöʮѾߡҪǣһлʱڶıϣŮҪȥĬȻҲǲˡ
ݺݵս˫ȭڻе˼λ᲻˽⣬ȻҲֻѡȻ»и˵ˡ
ŻһҾҲǽ˻橵Ҫеǰ취
л橹Ĵˣ⼸ڹߣֻҪǹķԸһֱ˵ڻѾͷûаѻ˵ף˵ǡ
΢΢һеС˼㵱ô˵ȻЩ˼ġˬ죬İɣΪġ
ôһ橳ɹıͱȽϿˣ˳ΪӢӵĻˡ
Ҳܱô룬ĻĬ̬ȣ˵̨ĬķȥСŮһ˫ӶᷢһĬ磬Ӯأ㲻ϲһ£ǲжҴ˶㣡
˵⻰ϻ橺ڿЦһҲֻСŮףԼжĬĻش
̨֮ϣۣ˵ʱ򡣡Ĭ΢΢һȻȻ˵Ȼڻ˶鲢ûзϡ
ϸһĬı飬һϲǿƲס˵Ĭ粻ôױŮ˸ջȥġлǹϷ飬ݺݵһǻʵĬ磬Ͷ㡭
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Ψһ鷢չҲʣˣϣʲô𣡡ŽĬͻֵദģʽ϶Ǻйء
Ҳ֪ôģĬڣİҹ˵ˡ
Ĭһ𡣡
˵ޱȵļᶨҲǺܺõ֤Ĭס
һϲ֪Ĭ粻ˣ϶ǶɣлɳãȻһ飬㲢ûʲôãΪҪİҹ
Ĭ磬ԲˣǶˣҲǹġ橴ں˵ʲôǸĬȴһ⡣
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷȥˡ
ԺȴǲɻĻ棬ԼԺ˯˹ȥѹʱԼȻİҹͬôܵƣô˲ĬɻԼǲ֢ëȻҲ
иˣ֪ԼĬ֮󣬾͸᲻뿪ĬˣСŮһ죬ģﻹݣĬ磬ҡ
ʶָգȻҪ˵ʲôǲ˼˵
ʲôʱ򿴵ôʱˣһ橹ʲôֱ˵ɣҶôϤˣﻹôġ
⻰Ĭ˵͸ӺˣҲø˻һڵĻᣬСŮƺ˺ܴľĲǿ˵Ĭ磬ȻһҪͣģȵαңлҪ㡣
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ղŶ֮ԻܣҪİҹİг֣ȻΪİҹвˬˡİҹҪ֪ĶȻڻ£¾ǶԼ֪Լ֮ԻͻȻýһ龹Ȼİҹֽš
ĬҲһʱ뵽ǻҪףһʶҪܾ


207 սѹȺۣ1
ĬһҺ㣡ʱ׮Աô˻橻ûҪ˵Ļ
Ĭתͷ׮Ŀ⣬һԼûмǴĻĶƺ׮ɡ
쵽Ĭеɻ⻹Ҫ׮ڽˣ׮ľٶҲǺΰ
ĬʦܣģԭսλѧҸ罻̨ǩͱսˡ׮ƵĽͺʱýĬɻ
ãҺڴ׮ʦֵһսĬ΢΢˵ҲЩȲˣ׮࣬һаǰǿߣȻм
ĬⷬӦ׮вһĨ⣬ڿĬĸֱֵֶÿ϶ġ㲻ҾôֱӰˣ֮ӢѧԺˡ
Ҫ֪ƾĬʵˣ϶ܹһ·˳뾫ӢѧԺս׮࣬ӮøʾС̫ˡĬȥҲǺģ
׮⻰ĬЩ֪뵽顣
һҲ֪ΪʲôĬԸ׮Բǹ³ԼӲôôֻΪֹ뾫ӢѧԺ
һĨаȵЦݣƵĿ׮࣬ô׮ʦҪֱӰҴѽһǺ뾫ӢѧԺģϣʦֹˡϾĬ֮Ӯ׮ʦ֣ǻ˺ܶ鷳ɡ
ȷɲֻҪĬȻӮ׮࣬ϵսʱӢ£µȻ᲻˭ԷĶ֣䣬Ҳʡ˲
׮һͣĪԼе뷨ĬȫһָоҪĽ
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оͲˣԴ쿴׮ƶĬ֮о׮ˣֱûһöһ۸Ĭ
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׮ֵԾбټ׮ܹΪȥа϶֮Ȼ˵˵ġ
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вȫ׮У׮۵׻һĨ棬ͷųһ˵Ϣǰѻ橸ԭأǰһ
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Ǻǣӿӿڳ˾Ӧ֪ʲôԼ˵ģʲôǲ˵ģȻͷкãֱӸ˲źá
׮Աȴ䵽˻橵ϣǰѻ橸ŵùǺԼ˶ԷһǻȻҪԷҪͷʵ̫ˡ
ĬΣվڻ橵ǰ棬ס֮ߣάǻůˡƺֻҪĬվԼǰʲô鶼õһĪһ¡
Ĭ׮๰֣Ҫ׮ʦֺ橹ǹģðʦֻ£֮ĬкܶطҪʦ̵ֽˡ
׮Ѿι橣гһڶһһ׮ƣҪԼܵܣҲŻ橳֡һ˵Ϊ橳Բѷ׮ҪΪ׮һƬһ˶ϡ
ںԣ׮һֱӾʹ׮еĿܣһԹĹȻǲܻһԼһƵ˵ĵܵһˡ
׮׮ĵܵܣλ᲻׮еļƽϣֻѾ»ˣûбҪΪԼ˻Ҽҵˡ橵ǹݲ򵥡
Ҫ˵ԸĻǻ橰ɣǰĬƽԼȻ˵һ㣬Ǳ˦һƣڻֻһڣָоҪжжˡ
ߡСŮһԵʲô֪ˡ


208 սѹȺۣ2
ĬɸоԼЩͷˣǲģѾûʲôˣһҪʱ˵
ҲҺ׮ಢѻ橷УֱתͷĬôʦܣ߰ɡ䣬׮һԾٴγֱվ̨֮ϣĿ䵽Ĭϡ
Ĭһ˵Ҳ̨
ǵȵ׮սĬˣ
˵кܶ˾ǳⳡսģĬһսȻѾǱ֪Ĭ׮֮󣬾Ѿô뵽Ȼ׮Լĵֻܵһܶ˻һӶܴﵽ׮Ĭľ磬ۿֹп϶ԼҲв洦
Ĭվ׮ĲԶ׮๰˹֣׮ʦֶָ̡
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׮಻ϲ˵ϻˣҲûжֱӳĬŹȥĬһ׮ƷɪɪķѾĬܵһɾϮоԻˡ
Ĭһ㿪׮ĹȻ׮׮˵ʵѾкܴĲȻ׮Ҳڱ˳ʳڣȻʵûȹ̣ܺȻ׮ȫһˣ׮Ѿںܳһʱˣ
ڶԼͳ涼ҪĶˣĬ϶׮Ĺ߲Ӱؾõ£Բ׮
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׮вһĨŨŨľȣ֮ǰ׮ƾѾԼĬٶȼ죬֮ǰ׮ಢΪȻڼʶĬٶ֮Ҳ˳˽⡣
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߲Ӱؾ߾֮һΪӰԼΪý飬ٶȿ쵽һ̶֮󣬱ӰҲڴ˵ӰĬѾԳֳ֮Ӱȵﵽ֮ͿԿٸӰʱҪĹɲס
֮ǰĬ׮ʱûʲôգڿȫһˡ
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ȻĬȫ׮ᣬǳʱ䣬ܹӮ׮࣬ٸԼӮһơ
׮ֱֻ̨֮ϵĬˣ泯׮๥ʵʵ֮䣬ɲô򵥵ˡ
ۡ
Էĸ첲ĬҲû뵽ԼȻĵˣô˲䣬ҲѾ׮ץסԼ׮ֳƣĬӦˣ˶Էһ˲³һѪ
õǵѪۣĬս̨֮ϣ˸ƵĹâԶԶػܹܵĬͷųϢ
˵ˡĬ˵ƺڲһƽʵˡ


209 սѹȺۣ3
׮಻һ䣬лһĨ˼飬ֱڻе㲻ţԼȻıĬ˵ˡҪ֪׮Ѿﵽڵľ磬ĬŲһʿ߽ףм侳Ͳһǰ㣬Ȼ˵Լ
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Ĭ΢΢֪׮ıⲢҪԼԣֿԼ˼ȻǺ׮ΪҪôԼܹ˳Ӯ׮ȻǺܲˡ
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ȻڻѾȫƲסԼеϲãĬɹӮ׮ֱ࣬ǱԼӮ˱Ҫһǧһأ
Ĭһ橵˵סʵЩ㡣
Ůܲס
ʱĬҲֱƿ橣Ȼ̫ˡ
£û飬ſҰɡ
Ĭ⻰䣬ԼûзӦͺǶߵķһĬ߸˳ȥĬŶ΢΢һ㶣ȫûзӦԼӦȥס橵ġ

橲ɾһۿԼҪĽųˤϣô˵һŻ橻кܳһʱ䲻ҳżˡ
ҲǱǰһĻŵˣԭأȵԼӦȥס橵ʱȻѾеˡ
橹ĬҲһЩĿģ
ȻҲΪˣĿⲻ䵽İҹϣеһӦ˰ѻ橸˳ȥڳʵˣҲֻİҹˡ
İҹܵĬ⣬˵ͷȻǳ˸ղŵԼġĿŵģ޿κˡ
Ѿ۾һӦȻ˫ƺӱ˾ͿԼģһ
Ȼ֮ǰԤŵصʹûϮײһĻû°ɡ


210 ޣаУ1
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ѫЦλС㣬û°ɣҷſˡò˵˵ǺܺͺǻһƲסҪԷ
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Ȼô˵עӣǺԭһģһһŰƴС˿䣬ͺۺԼȫ޹ص飬͹ɲ˭ˡ
ѫҲ˳Ż橵Ŀ⣬ĿڿжһۣвɻһĨ̾ϢǼô꣬һı䶼ûС
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һ˫ֿƲסȭ۵׻һĨɲǱ޶ԡѾϰ߰Լ˼κ֪ˡ
橵õ˰һΣھҪ׷ղŵ飬˹ʹԲӿз˳ȥ
СŮ˺ݺݵս˫ȭĿȴҲ䵽İҹϣˣҲҲˡ
ڵô˵棬ҲİҹˣǰվİҹǰĿİҹղǲ㣡Ҹ˳ȥ
ּᶨҲ˲һѲɾĲɣȻҲֱָˡ
İҹһֱվĬߣģȫԶԷĴڣһ־˵
ղŸû˿İҹ֣վܰ˸ɣʵֵǶôɲ⡣
İҹؿһۻ橣Ȼ׼˵ʲô
Ĭü΢橵ݲһҲİҹ˻橣վİҹǰ˵橹ˣҹˣڻûкأôܻ㡣
ȻвûʮţҲ뵽İҹϢҵģǲҪˣֹԼȻĲˡ
΢΢ͷҲǣҲ֪˭ֵġ΢΢̾һĿǿĬ˲ȫһˡĬ磬Ҿ˵һģ
Ĭ΢΢ͷҲ¶һĨɵЦݣҲܺá
ãþòˣң˵ƵڶͲϰߺͱ˿ôܵҪӿһ뵽ԷԼδȫǿԼվԭء
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ߸̺СѾͷѾʧˣͽһطͶѫ˵ദʱӲˡ
˺һᣬ˵֣ɺãĸ𣡡ΪŮ𣬲ȴǷȱһ㡣


211 ޣаУ2
ѫ΢΢˹ô겻ǺǰһһŤСѾͷţܺãҲܹ㣬ʲôʱСѾͷȢȥ
ѫ⻰ȫǿƲסһ죬Ťתȥȫʲôûһʵ̫˺ˡ΢΢ԴǵԼȫûѫ⻰һ΢΢ĶȴǿԿ˿еĽš
ֿʼ˵ЦˡɰͰ͵˵⻰ĶѫʶҪӿȫܲס
ѫ֪ʱҲǶŪʱһֱǸԼ֪µСѾͷ
ˣҲ׼ѧԺ˰ɡѫ΢ƺлһĨԶĹġ
һѧԺֻܵȵһҲǽ꣬Ƕûм˰ɡ
һɣת˻⡣
ţ׼ѧԺԺҾҪһʦˡ
ǶôŮˣԼǰ¶Ҳ⡣ҴС͸ѫԼδķǴСһ𳤴ȻҲǲһˡ
ѫ΢΢ͷõ϶ܽаǰʮʦָףơĿȴǲ䵽˳ϵѫѾ̫ûˣھǷҲǺ˽⣬аƺ˼
Ǹղ𿪻橵ˣ;ԲС
ѫƺʲôоûУڽס橵ʱ˫һ飬֪󾢵ж󡣾ǾȻһǿѫҲ΢΢һ
˵һ㣬ĿⲻתĬһߣò˵ȷǺǿ
ѧԺ˲żüãҲȷԼܲܽǰʮҲһĨأǿ
һ֣ҲֻԼ˵˭
ĬǿѾٶȳɹ˵ע˵׮࣬䲻⡣ȻоȵĬߵˣվǱ߶Ա˺ԵˣΪ
ѫעĿ⣬˳䵽Ĭߣü΢ҲɴһĨζ˵
֮ǰѫҲпĬĳ֣͹һӰѫԼҲȫ㿪ĬĹȷǺǿ
ű֪ѫˣҲûҪȥҴȻİҹԸ˵ԼʵܻԼİ취ڲأиǿҵĸоҪ˽ԹȻԼܹƵġ
оΣдһĨŨŨĹģ˿ѾѪˣлǷĲŵĿŶ㡣
΢΢ҡͷ΢΢üģĿȴǲ䵽˶ѫߣ´ˣȻĪϤУƺܾ֮ǰӦѾʶһ
ѫ
ڶ㶼ûзӦʱԼȻǿƲסȥŮƵĿڶѫϣҪҲܹˡ
ѫתͷ϶ƵĿ⣬΢ǹһĨаȵЦݣλСôΪҵδ޻վأ뿪ЦȴöС
⻰ҲǿƲסһ죬һݺݵҡͷԲֻǿһ⻹Ƕһ¶ôεı飬Ȼʶи˽Էһڵġ
Ŷģвһ˿ƣŮ˲֮ǰںͻ׷ͬһˣһתѫôӡ
С㣬ءĿ䣬˵ΪĻˡ
㲻һҲǷӦԼģȷЩׯˣֲûᱻϲˡ
Բҡ
ѫüһǶеĪϤУԼֺγҲĸо
С⣬Ҳնɵöѫ۵׻һĨ⣬תһôܻôɺϵ飬ҡͷ
΢΢ͷһĨЦ⣬žͬյԭԲŻϤаɡ
橵עһֱзڶ߼֣ѫ۵׻һĨмŮˣ֮ǰ˵ϲĬĻڲһʱ䣬תͷȥ׷ˣˮ
ԽĬҲͿ϶ϲˣҲһ֣Ҳһ¡ǿˡ
ɵû橳Ͷȥһ񣬿ɺݺݵس˳ǡ
Ĭ磬㿴ô


212 ֮1
Ĭ˳Ż˵ķȥþǿԱߵ̸Цӣ΢΢һҲûзϡ
ĬȻһ鶼ûУҲмʧ뿴ĬĵĿءŶСͶѫĸܺð
İҹлһĨм֮ܿǰעصĬϡ
Сܿû˻橵˼СŮϲһĨõЦݣתͷĬɤ𣬡Ĭ磬½˰˶Ǹˣ
СŮԼĸ飬ĿŶѫ˳Ǻÿ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣ㲻Ǻͱ˶˵˼仰ѾǸ˵ˣܲܲҪһˮ
ͦá
ڿǰͲǲҪԼڶˣ֮һŽԲˡ
̸ʱ䣬Ĭ׮˵Ķս֮󣬺ĶսԵЩˣܿһֱȽϽԭһǧ˲һ룬Ҫܹ뾫ӢѧԺаǰһҪһʱˡ
һ
ڵһֱʤ˿Խһֱ
Ŀһվˣǲȱһĸ֣뵽һƣ΢΢ı˽ռͨһֱͬѧȥúϢһ£컹иҪıȴǡ
ף벻ѧԺôԻȻϢʱ䡣΢΢üҲû뵽ܳϾȻôϢ
Ѳ֮ǰı;ûϢҪֱа𣿣Ĭ⻰ɿʵ
ϻǺģ˵ͷ԰궼Ϣʱ䣬ֱڣôҲҪֱξȻָһֱͽˣȻҲôѾˣˡ
ĬѾ˼ţˣı˵֮ǰиĸĵطǻȥϢһ£о׵ı
ò˵ĬҲ˵ˣҪΪضֻһ˼ôܻ׷ŹĬء
ȻҪ˵ЩʲôĬһƣģѡ˵ˣȵа֮˵Ҳü
ĬôŻؿջһ׮ˡ
ĬϢӸѾ˺ڿջſڣ͵ĬˡҪ֪ĬԼ죬ǵȵżʲôˣֻܰĬҪעã¾㱸ֻǷĬһƶˡ
蹫ӣūڵȵˣǿˣūһȥӸһѾܾˡ˿ӸϹܼңܹϹܼ룬ҲԿɼĬӳ̶ˡ
ҲɾˣȻҲʶλϹܼңʵЩ벻ףΪλĬôģ˶Щˡ
²㻹ǵôĬѽ
²ʱҲǿ˻橣֮ǰСĬһʮģҲǼˡ²Żһ񣬡ūݼ£𰲡ūǷӵ蹫ӹһ𡣡
벻ʲôʱĬͻϵôã΢΢ͷأĬǱߣԼ˵ɡ
ĬȻû֮ǰԻ˵ĻڻѾȲ˰ɣóڿȥӸҪյĶˡ
˵ͷţãھ͹ȥɡ
һѾǵȵЩͷ˰ɡ
²ҲһҲǺΪʲôôĬЩӵ飬òֻ֣ҪԼڵͺá
İҹдѾµһЩ飬Ĭ뻢ıƤⲢһ׵顣
һҺһȥ
²΢΢һҪ֪Ӿ͵ĬһˣһȥҲвĵطɡ
ǳ²ӵĹܼңҲö˵ʲôȻϣĬܾġ
һĬǺģǻǲҪκ֪ɡתͷİҹ΢΢ҡͷû£õģҺܿͻˣ컹ҪѧԺı
İҹ˵ͷԼСġ
ĬǺЦİҹһ񣬰Сһ£ЦЦȸҹɡ˵ת²߰ɣҪӵȼˡ
²ⲻĬⷬΪǺģֲӻĬôˡȻ²֪ڻĬܹԼ֮⣬Ҳûİ취ˡ
ֱĬͳ²ԶˣǺ֪˵ʲôʱĬ羹Ȼߵôˣ
⻰ñ䵽˻ĶһŶһѾˡ


213 ֮2
һתͷǶ˻Լ֣ɵþͶ˼׽΢΢촽ǰǶһĬ类ָˣؾİҹûһ𰡡
ڻ˵⻰ʱҲѾʶĬİҹһˡƺֻҪĬڵĵطܿİҹ
İҹڣҲ΢΢һٻûаİҹߡΪĻӣƺһ㶼λʼҵôܻ᲻Щ
İӣòһԷɡ˵İҹǿߣ̬Ҳ˼ֹ
İҹϲͱ˽ˣټĬҲߣȻȱȱ
ˣմĬپۡ
Ǹˣİҹ⻰ĵ׻һĨϲĬҲվߡһããǸپۡ
ҲԼĿǡ
˵ĬߣϹܼӸ⻹ĬһӸ⸻ûʵıͿ֪ʵͻȻɾԼƺ֮ǰʡһ㡣
֪ôǮҩӦٶҪһ㣬ϾӵǮ֮ˡ
蹫ӣǰˣӾˣ֮ǰԸ׼ĶҲѾˡϹܼҳĬһ֮׼뿪
Ĭ΢΢ͷãҶ֪ˣҪ鷳Ϲܼˡ
²ҡҡͷΪ蹫Чҳ²ĸҾͲ蹫ӹȥˣūиˡ
Ĭò˵λǻ˼Ūô˭Ҳ뵽ӻưɡ
һ뵽ԼھķĬвһĨ壬ʵЩ
ŲһǰѾ׼õСȥ
λǽˣκ˴ţĬһ·ûпʲôˡ
춼䰲Сľի£֪ĬҪǲǻѾĹˡ
תͷȻĬϲ¶һĨɵЦݣ֣
Ĭ΢΢ͷţӣȸһ֮һơ
صصͷѾôõ˹ȻҲôһʱ䣬ֻҪܰԼκãʲôˡǻҪ鷳ˣ嶼Ҫˣ㡣
Ĭָڻ֮ϣȥģģ˵һҲкܶŰɡܵڵľʱ䣬Ȼ˲٣¶һ˿壬⼸ҲûЩɡ
֣ҵΣڿԿʼȥ𣡡
ԴһĨԼѾǿ쵽ˣھ֮ȡڵľѾֲڲʧľԸоԼԽԽˡ
Ĭж˱ģȴ˿¶ջز֣̽˫һ࣬ţڵҲѾǷǳһҪڲźãĬΪ跨𡣡
Ĭ϶Ļش𣬻ǿԺݺݵһвһĨϣ⣬һжˣҪô
ŻһģĬԽŲûô׾Ϳӹһ١
ĬһתȻѾ뷨صͷղų²·ϱ˵ҩĶѾ׼ã֮ǰѾһҩ͵ջмλҪҩĻӴӵѾ֮ǰԱȵˣǱӴҩ
ڲĬ˵ʲôֻһá֣ͷãû£͵ЩҩĲãÿһҩ׼ݣֻܿڣҸʲôС
Ȼǲƴ֣
Ҫ֪ĬЩҩģܶ඼ƽһӶ׬Ǯڶڻ˵ȴɣһ㶼ۣ⻹׼ݣĬǲͻʲôˡ
ã⻰ĬҲˣȥ׼һµȻõҩٸĬʱ׼֮ǾͿԿʼˡ
ǿϣֱǿ̲ݻͷãĬȥɣΪ־㡣
ڻĬ̬ȫһˣֳԳƣǰĬԼˡ
ĬͷߵԱ֮ǰѾ׼õķ䣬ŷĿҩģлһĨаȵЦݡ
ӻҪȥ˭أ


214 ֮3
ǰЩҩģḬ̆ͼˣǧ׵ãҩѵãرĬϲҩˣҪһЩӸ߼ĵҩʱЩҩľǱزٵˡ
Ȼûʲô£ǻΪʱȻĲ¼ĸԼ
Ҫȥض𣬡Ĭҿš
Ĭ΢΢üҲû뵽ضȻӸ
һҲܿ׹֮ǰСѾԼ˵ضѾΪ˻ŮˣڳӸƺҲǺˡ
С㣬蹫׼˴š˱ĬסҪŶض
֮ǰĬҪôض򷢳ȥȻȫĬĵˣ΢΢ʱûע⵽棬Ӧǻĸˡ
ضԴӺͻһ֮ȻѾǰԼӸŮˣȴǱһ˸סȥ·ػ˾ȻԼͷĬضܹɵ
Ůһ䣬ÿҪĬ
ӰֱڻҪ˵ضڻ߻ûʲôݣǽضΪҲðӰ
ضǰ˵ʲô뷿֮ڣ˿䣬ġ
ضԼȻһ˶ǹܲˣԺӸʲôſԣƫƫʲô취ûСŮлһĨĹâо벻ˣΪζĬмӡ
ߣҲŹġ
Ҳûа취ضֻ뿪ϣ֮ҵʱĬ鷳ضΪվ˾ȻԼ顣
»ָһƬ
Ĭ΢΢һʱ䣬ضҲûа취ѡ뿪ˣеҲЩȣ벻渺˾Ȼסض
ٰѾ׼õҩ޵һ֮װ߲ʽָ棬Բ˷ѣڻҲЩġ
ӿڴװģóһƿ׼õĵҩϣһжѾ׼ˡ
Ĭ΢΢һֻǵȵʱȥͺˣóʱһЩҩʮȫȵҩǺбҪģҲ֪һôĶս׼ȫɱҪġ
ҩỊ̇ؾǰӰҲ˼ֿ϶λ蹫Ӳƭ˵ģĻҩӵΪҪ֪£һҩʦԱ£ʮָѵã׵ãҩʦ󣬸οҩʦȫ͸֡
ӰжĬ˼ͬԽᶨĬŵ棬žκ˵ĴšӰûмҩӦúͳһҪһĻĬΪҩȻӰҲˡ
Ĭͻ˵ʱʱ䣬ôҩģǹƺö൤ҩˣڲ඼׼ˣĬ΢΢һһһĨõЦݡ
һ׼
ƺõĵҩڽָзźãŵ֮ǰ׼õƵҩ˶ϵ·Ŷ
ĬӰһϲһжѾ׼ˣǰһ蹫ӣ׼ˣ
֮ǰӰǲǰģĬһ⣬˰Ӱ֮κˣ˰Ӱĳ֡
Ĭ΢΢ͷβǽҳɹˣϵĵҩӷˣǹȥɡ⻰ҲǽΪΰҩҩĶһ˵ĬˣǸͲỳɡ
Ҫ֪Щ߽׵ĵҩʦɵҲܴﵽٷ֮٣ҪܶĲĲܹͳһŵҩѾǺܺˣĬֳɵʼԴﵽٷ֮ٵˣԶ˵һˡ
Ѿ˺һˣĬ֪ҩˣһϲϵЦôס
Ĭˣˡ
ĿŰӰʹһɫӰӺ뿪䵥Ĭͻˡ
ǿԿʼ˰ɣҪôϴԵȲʵǵȵЩˡ
Ĭ˵ͷǰһһصԽûнţеϣѾĬϡ
ӲõģֻҪڱϣŵҩ֮뽻Ĭɡ
Ĭ֣ص⣬Ҳ˼ϣ֮ӹĬݹĵҩҲһڷȥ
ü΢ⵤҩζʵǲôпֵζȻҲǷùһЩҩûεĵҩѳԡ
ĬһȻ׻еɻڽ͵ĬΪƵĵҩвã֮ǰʧ̫ľⵤҩԲһֻζЩá


215 Ĭ֣ջ1
һжֻҪĬ˵ͺãܹ侢ﻹʲôɻֻҪǺöζѳһΡ
£һܽܣ֮󱾻ӵܻҪĬˡǸղŰӰʾټĬĵҩһѾȫĬ
Ҳ²ĬȻһҩʦӸҪĬĻġշһҩʦڻԾǰһ
Ĭ΢΢ͷãȻĬȻʶӣȻҪӵòŲʧΪʼաĿ䵽ϣ˵ӿʲôĸо
΢΢˫ۣоԼı仯ǿƲס𣬡ڷĬĵҩ֮󣬱Ӻǲ˲پ
۵ŨŨľϲ⼸Ҳ˲ٱ˵ľȴȫֲ˱ɵľξȻ־ĸоβûмˡ
ãͺãĬԿʼˡĬ΢΢оȻˡ
ڻڵоԼ˵ϢⶼѾǳɾĬ֪ͨҪԼջȥʱˣĬĵҩһã³һڱɵľȻҲ˻ĸо
ãʼɣʱѾǵȵ̫ˡ
Ĭַڻؿڣ̽һڵϵĬҪջһǳ׵飬Ȼô׾ͽˡ
Ĭе뷨һٴӻĵԾĥѾǵͷŽȥӵǿŲԻʲôϧͬ˼ʱǿŻֲΪԽˡ
ڻںֱײݺݵս˫ȭһǱɫ֪ѾΪؼʱһ԰ȥģ
Ĭһ˵ܻ̿Ƚʹֻ࣬ҪȥˣͿ˳𡣡
Ĭ仰ȻǸӼᶨֻԸܹԼȥʹĸоʵ˱
Ҳ֪׹ȥ˶ãͺһһԵĻԸԼȥ˵͸оˣȴȥĻᶼûУʶޱȵоԼ¶ڱжװ鶼ˡ
ĬʱҲǲˣǲİѻһˣû˼ˡ΢΢һһȣգ
һƺҵ˳;һӻĶɫ˵˾ֲѡ
Ʋס΢΢ʱԼĥ׾ǰŻ档
ѾֻʣһˣǾȻ֪ôĴ˾񣬶Ĭ˵ץסһҪŪŻ棬׻׺ݵģʵǺˡ
ĬһɲôɵصŻ𣬲Ȼ˷ӦȻᷢвԾĵط
Բӵ£ĬҲշ棬ֻܰѻȥȻʵǿ
Ĭ⻰ҲеڵȥͺڵĶڱγһžͷ˺ܶࡣ
ɽȥ˿˵ľɡ
΢΢ͷʱҲǼΪƣģǿһĬû𣬱ӻҪʲô
ĬһŻͷϲӳɹ֮úõһ壬˴֮պ϶Ȼгɾ͡
Ĭ⻰ҲԻһˣãֻҪīڣҾͷڱϢһ£ĬҲϢһ£ϱϯһҪúøлĬ
Ϊ£ĬĸҪʲôлģӺúϢǣĬиˡ
ʵ̫ˣҲûʲôдĬֻ΢΢ͷǷĬ뿪
ĴţӭǶϸղԼİӰ˵ͷѾûʲôˣչ˺ӡ
֮ǰܵĥΪһֱбİӰȻ֮ڻѾˣ۵ҲһĨ϶
ĬͳһƿһŵӰУҸƵ޸ĵҩ֮£һһʮɡ
ã蹫⻰ӰˡĬһҾǰӰĬĿ϶
ŰӰȫˣĬкҲǷһһһеģҾ뿪ˣƵҩʵЩˣĬͲˡ
ò˵Ĭģĸ˼ĺøУǽչ¶һ־Ѿ㹻ûõˡ


216 Ĭ֣ջ2
˻˵Ժӣ²һֱţĬϲ¶һĨϲЦݣһһջſһǰһĬһ
蹫ӣӵΣ
²ԴŶԻĹϵ˵ǳ²СĻӣеĸȫһˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷҲûʲôģѾûдˣ²ıǡ
Ĭ⻰²һҲڿԷȥˡӵڳ²УȻ߳²Ǹó²йˣǿԻһˡ
ã̫ˣҪ鷳蹫Ӷˡ²ĬʱҲ˼׽
ض;Բˡ
Ժ뿪һֱĬˣԺаӰڣټڻԾĬԻҩضҪԸĬȻǲܡڳԺӾȫһˡ
Ĭվס
ĬӸĴţŮ˼Ӻ𣬿һ㶼ûԥģһȣǱ˲֪һ
Ĭ֪ضưոݣˡ
תضŭģضԽĬԽǶ˼ֵվضǰ⵭Ȼһиߵ͡ǱˣһֵطסĬȻһضѾŭͷԣʲô˼ɲˡ
Ĭվԭأض嵽ĬǰҲﵽûʲôڣֱһѳסĬ죬һĬѻ˵ˡ
Ů͵ضĬ֪˻ΪĬضʲôŭԹˡ
ﻹӸĬߵʱûţ˵˲Ǻܶ࣬ȴʾûˡضĬʱ򣬾Ѿ˲˵עˣȻضȴһ㶼ûע⵽
ĬҲΣ䵽ضϣ˵ҲԼо˰ɣϾڻ˿ֲضȻضһʹ޵ĿԼĬҪԼǲʲôԲض顣
С㣬ʲôֱ˵ɣôģϾǺܷ㡣
Ĭ⻰һɾǸضŭˣ˵źԼȥһͺʲôණһ˦Ĭ·ԴһĨм
ϳڰ㲻ˣݺݵصĬһۣ˵ӸʲôҪΪܹƭ˾Ϳƭˣǲᱻƭġ
ضһھͺӸŮģʦϲ
ĬвһɣҲҺض˻ˣȻ˭̯Ů˶һͷ۵ɡضӣ׻һǸȷᱻ˦
ע⵽ĬĿ⣬ضҲɻĲڣͺԼһ˶Ǳһȵ㿴ʲôأС˰۾һڵ
ضûӣֻֻҪƵ˻飬ͻŮ˱òǰˣ׺ݵģҲΪȷôûʲô˾ŻῪ˵⻰ȻضҪʾԼŮķ緶
ضⷬвĬɺݺݵس˳ǣС㣬ĬԶ޳ԹֺαһҪҲءĬҲӸС㲻ӭңҲվʲô˵⻰
ĬҲúض˼ҶѾô˵ˣѵŶԷҲҪ˵ģڲҪˣ͸ÿ
ضһĬ⻰˵ʵû⡣
ڹӸ¶֪Լͻ֮ĹϵضӸ׻Բ˳Ҳû˵ʲô
ضҲԲԼĬô˵лһĨ壬ս˫ȭʲôʲôϵĬվﾯ㣬Ҫ˵ʲô߰ģġֻһˣ㲻ʲô취֮Ĺϵ
˵ضиӵĵĬĳ֣ӰԼͻ֮Ĺϵ
Ĭضǰδ򣬶ض϶ˣһܻСŮ˸о쳣ıŤ
ټ֮ǰҲһʱ䶼ûкúôضضоΪΪĬںԼһضҲǺĬ
ǺǣģҶҲȤͺúõ߰ɡĬһҲǲɱضⷬ۶ϸЦˣ˵ĺԼŲŮ˲Ż˵һ
ĬԼôϹΪضͻǱΪ飬ض˻֮ĬѾ׶˺Ů˵ĹϵԲκεԥ
ĬĿ⣬ضһ죬оԼǱĬݺݵسЦˡ#####С ٸˣ֮ĳһ7Ϻĸ¡ôô


217 Ĭ֣ջ3
ضһݣݺݵصĬʲô˼Ѳة֮Ů벻ˣǶضһ裬ֻϱˣôܹƲԼ
ĬҲǲɱضģЦˣѵе˶ҪϲУ΢΢ضӵضة֮Ů
ضãԸϽȻͬҲҺة໹ӣȻةฮҪضˡ
ʲô
ĬĿֱ̫ӣضҲɻˣ˵ſĬĻ˵һĬı־ѾСŮ־ˡ
Ĭ΢΢һЦģһڻʲô
ĬĨɫѾд̼ض۾оȻһţʶһĬʱ顣
ӣеة֮ŮһΪӸϵһŮ˰ˡĬҪֱ˵С檣û˵ڣлǿԿضΪĲͬ
жҪģ̯ôһ԰ãҪĵĵطҲǲ١
Թ翪ţȻееġΪ仰һֱǱÿһŮ˵Уضֲ׸ڻߵ¾檶㲻ϡ
ضһƫƫ˵ĻԼΪȷϣʱԼǲ֪ôͿƲסͷĻˣһʰ
ҡضɺݺݵս˫ȭвһĨΣҲĬ๣ɫ˵Ҿ㣬Ҫ˵˵ȻҲŹģҺװףġ
˵仰¾ضԼǲŰɡ
Դ֮ǰضסӸ֮󣬾û뿪ˣûг׵Ů˹һסڱ˸ôõġȻةฮȻܹ̲ҲĬˡ
ЩĬѾȫûйϵˣתͷҲ˵ʲôĬиˡ
ض֮ǰûʲô飬Ĭ˵ղ⻰֮ȻҲѾһ˿š
Ĭ㲻׼ߣ
ʵضҲ֪ԼĬʲôĵĬᵽȥ˵ʲôɡ
ض֪ʱѾ˰Ĭضƫŵ֪˻
ӣС蹫ƫǣ塣ȥܵһС檣ϳò绨˵Ǻܻ谮С檣ڿض˵Ĺϵ֮󣬸ǰضԼͷҪѹˡ
һǸոպһ㣬泳ֵĬֱ֣Ӱϸϳȥˡ
һ˵Ŀ䵽ϵϣ˵ʲô蹫ӣĬôˣȻڻУĬǸҪˡ
ܹڻվȽŸȻҲԼĹ֮Ի˽Ͳһ˿ԱȽϵġСŮһة֮ŮҲûôҪ
ŮлһĨƽϣ֪Ĭض֮ǰδ˵˻黹ضȥˡ
ĬȴڻռһǳҪλãеһ£˵ԣĬ蹫ӣղűƫÿСס蹫ӣ֮˲֪ʲô
Ļܿ˲ᣬΪضлǷŲĬأ
ɾͲôˣľǸ࣬ĬϲضĻȫض͸ĬȻةеѰˡ
ߣȥһĵضŮʲô֪ĬͲˡ
һҩʦǻҲ飬οԼڻҪĬİ
лһĨϲ֪˵϶ãڻҲضԺضɹӸΪһӻɵޣû˻ӵĳ谮ʲô塣
ò˵еҲǴ
ϴ·һʱ˹ȥĿñǿضĬֹӣһ֪ĬֵԲǻᵣĶԷᱻض˵
⼸һֱȡضڵľ˵Ҳ˾ȣض侢ٶȼ죬ȻڻƵȡ֮ˡ
ضʵĬʵʵ˽⣬Ĭᱻض˵
ס֣
һȣȻضҪջԼĹҲѾˣοضоҪʰĬȻӲ顣
Ĭһ˳һˣֱӶ㿪ضĹŮҪ˵ĬضҪϼˡ


218 Ϊ
һɣضҲɴһĨԹȻ㿪ˣ
ڵŻ棬ҪĬȻҲǲˡ
΢΢һҲҺضû˵ĬȻĬ㵽ͷϣܾ֮ԼǲΪˡ
ض㵽ʲôΪʲôҪԵ޹ʹĬֵܣɵû⻰ҲһĨ࣬⻹ǻһôض
ضвɻһĨŨŨĲ˼飬ô벻׻ȻΪĬԼңĬҵģ
ʲôߵڰףɲضڵģ
ĬҲΣúضƽʲôôܻŮˣб֢˲ɡ
ϵȻҲǲÿĿ䵽ϣӣЩ㻹ǹܺһЩҪҧˣȻⶪĿӵӡȻĬ⻰ҲǺܺ
ضһͣĬʲô˼Ĭ⻰˵ˣ˵˭أҽ첻㣡
˵ضҪĬķȥ廹ûȫãǺסڵض
һ˵ҲǸӲˡ
ضס֣ӸةฮҪָһȥĬӸϵҪˣﲻӭ㣡һ䣬Ĭضмһѡȫö˼϶ĬҪһЩ
ҲƲԼضĹϵҪĬչʾղضΪֻܴضԼԺӸûκιϵ
ضһʹԼô벻Ȼ˵⻰ϴŨŨˣͺǱ˵Ѩһԭء
ŮĿ䵽ߣ۵׻һĨʹ㣬ڸߣ
ضжôΪںˣԲŻԸڻûֵʱ͸ڻߣΪ֪Լͻһ֮ڵľͻ٣ȴ޷ˡ
ڻȻΪһ˵ҪضĻضɸоԼһľͺǱһһѪֱ
ضǴĿ⣬ȻҲе㲻˼ˣضڵǸ˿ĬҪֺõˡ
ȻѾ˾ϡ
ضĬҺҪˣҲϣ֮ʲôᡣҲ˼֣˼ǺԣվĬߡ
ĬȻʱضҲ˵ϱԹˣǲһˣضԻϲܻẦԼ
վҡҡ֣ˣһĬͲˣиˡȭһҾתƫ뿪
ûô¿ŮԼǰҡ
ֱĬ뿪תͷһѹضĿǸɰͰ͵˵ضҲ˼ĬԵˡ
⻰ҲǶضĽˣȥĬ
ضȻǺ׻⻰ȻлԸȥˣĲ鲻ԸĵͷˡĿȴǲ䵽վڻߵŮˣһôƫƧôᱻ֪˸ˡ
ܵ˿ɲվ
ʶԱһСŮ˶ضݵ⣬һţԽڻߣҪõıһ
ȻԽԽضвˬôӸϵһСС檶Լǰҫ֮ǰĬȻ˵һ仰ȴضҲˣһҪһ֣
ȵԼԸЩŮ˻ֵ
ضܶĬ֣Ը⼸Ů˻Ǻɵģʱضǻָ侲СŮ˶Ż¶һЦݡ
黹ĲãԺ󲻻ˡ
ضҲһѵһˣȻҲõϴټվةฮȻҲƽʲô
΢΢һǰһ§סضļᣬ֪˾ͺãԺҪȥĬղҵҲá
ضǹһĨЦݣڻעʱ򣬳ͶȥһҪԵ׻һ㡣
СŮڻǰҲԽᣬش𣬡ҲǵҡҲþûлةฮˣҲҪȥˣȻܻ˵лģҶ˵
ضûаѻ˵꣬е˼ҲǺˣ˵ĶﶼѾ˻ĺӣܻܲӸϡ
⻹ѻȥּͻ顣
һض⻰ȻҲףȢضΧ֮ڵ飬ԼѾˣҲҪճ̡
ãضȻةฮұȥ򸸻ּǴͻ顣
˻⻰ضҲ¶һĨɬЦݣ϶ĵͷ


219 սǰҹı1
Ĭǽ˻ߵȻҲǴӻߴ׬һʣһ·΢΢ǶԿ˿̵ĺˡ
ܵĬϤϢС겻ǰһǵȵԼˣȻҪİҹ˵Ϣ֮¸ﻵˡ
ĬˣСŮһԾֱӳĬķɱȥȻС걧סĬССǱ˴Ӻһ˦֮˳һӿзȥ
С겻ɺݺݵس˳ǣȫ֪⵽Ƿʲô飬ԼͺǶߵֽһ˳ȥȫûһֿ֮ⲻǻ橵ĴôؾȻ䵽Լϡ
Ĭˣİҹ΢΢һƺղʲô鶼ûзһ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣Ŀ䵽İҹϣûзӦİҹʲôôС궼ˡ
һˡ˵⻰ʱĬʶɳȥС֪꣬Сһﲻʲô⣬׻мۡЦЦ
Ĭ˶٣ƺѰһӺʵ˵ἰСꡣ
İҹûзϣ΢΢ˣҲҪӦܻ֮ٷӦ
Ӧ
⻹һΪǿɡ
Сһǧһ⣬ڶİҹ˵Ŀ⣬ʲô˵ˣˡ
С귴Ӧ죬һֱӱİҹȥˣﻹܹúõվİҹôһ赭дݶȷӦֱҪһѪ
ίͰ͵ĿĬСŮдŨŨĶİҹΪĿߣĬ
ĬСģĶˣǰһסСŮļԷԴˣû¾ͺãԺҹ㿪Цˡ˵⿴İҹ
İҹвˬеһС꣬ȻҵԼ汧סĬĬǰİҹԲչ¶Լ˼һҲǻӦˡ
С겻һԼþβһޣǾȻİҹҪжжˡĬԼޣСʲô
İҹ棬СҲˣô˱˦ȥӰ
СҲôô򷢵ġ
ĬǱĸ㶨ˣô򵥷ŹˣСת˻⣬ʻùɡ
Ĭ˶ӣʺ̸顣
ǽȥ˵
һ˵СĬİҹȫԼˣֱӸŽš
ʲôĶİҹĵģĬ
˵ɣͻôϵôˡİҹȻĬȻΪ˻뿪׮飬ʾеĲ
İҹеʣĬûҪʲôĵط˵ͷңҪҰʱе𡣡
ĬȹİҹҲڲء
İҹһĬڵ𣬵ȷǰԵػdauntʱҲʹ಻Ѱɡ΢΢ͷ˵
Сľ͸ӶˣˣİҲ̫˰ɣ֪ж޹ŮܵȺֱС궼ûа취쿴ĳòȻαӣ˭뵽书
Ĭǹ˹лһĨĹâȻôףȻԺиŮܵίǾҵĲˡǺǺǡ
뵽Ϊ鵤ʥҩĶĬǿƲסЦ
ģžͲС껹İҹиӺˣĬʲô
СͲʲôԥģĬ䣬ˣ˵㵽ôģú氡
ĬһĨȾͿԿ˿̵ĺ飬ʵҲûʲôֻǵȵλȫ֮ҪҲûˡ
С껹ûʲô˼ʲôû񣬡ȵ֮󣬲ǸӷִḶ́ŮӣС겻һ죬׻Ǻ崿С꣬Ƿġ
漸Ȼû˵ڣҲܹס
İҹͻȻеԼô͸ŽˣĬ˻뵽;һۣòĬʱҲǼݵģһ˵ΪҪĵطˡ
ĬôŹ㡣İҹ˵ȻĵĻĬ
ʵôӵݻе鷳
΢΢һѾһ뷨
ĬлΪԼǻ۶еأǿƲס𣬡Żᷢһ㣬ǰԼĵҩ鵤أ
֮ǰĬҲԥ˺þãջ˻ڵƱػȥ̣˺޹ŮӡջҲȷ᲻ʹĹ뵽ְ취
ȴҲҪַǷǳġ


220 սǰҹı2
İҹǧҪȥˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôǻǱĬʰˣµҪлĬ
īԼľͺáİҹĿȷĬܷ
СĿһˮ˸ƵĹʣԼˣô
ī̫ˣǲԺǸˣǸЦˣС겻Цˣ϶ĵͷҲãٲ˱ƭˡ
΢΢ͷˣѾûʲô飬컹һսܾܳϲô򵥷Źҡ¡
ضʦİҹ˵ǰݸˣȷǳضԭĬɡ
ĬĿлһĨȻŶԭضʦҲܹˡĬҲôô򷢵ģ
ĬһзǴһĨڴ˵һӸϿضˣһة֮ŮȻ䵽ֵز
ĬضԻĺܴ
ߺߣŮʲôǶĬˣͳͳСϲضͻΪСŮһɵض޸Ҫػ˰ȻǸŮñӣĪڴ
Ĭ֪ۡضܲ˳ӸˣˣǻϢ˵ˡ
Ĭ֮ǰѾѹضˣܲץסͿԼˡ
ضôãǳһ㣬ĬеѻǻУŮܲץסɹλͿԼ컯ˡ
һϣضҲǸˣⲻѾûּͻˡ
ڸλϣĿ䵽ԼǰӣĿ΢΢Ҳû뵽Ȼʱּͻ顣
ˣһͻɾͲܸıˡϵͳڴҲжʱûмˣһؾּͻ飬Ҳ˾ȡ
ڵϣ΢΢Դ鹧Ҳˣǳϵ󣬻ϲضȷǸøضһˡ
һĿԽᶨŸλϵĵٴߵȥ˵ʣĽԼСѾʱζΪչأʵ岻ʣضչ˲ȬӲܹضһƬġ
Ŀʱ͸Ӳ˵ˣСԼĸʡʮ˳ǻʮ֤ܰȨԶϿԹĽΪ۹ֶԲС
ԼϷ飬ԼλҲɣڻǰ˵ȫûģֱʵźá
ϻĳʵҲһĨ϶еĲҲ˼֡ӣЩһֱ߲ûв뵽ӾȫһˣҪ˵Իλ֮ģ˵ʲôżš
ڻͻм䣬¶ԼԻȨĳ̶ȡ
Ӷǻλ̳ˣ׻и˭ҲֻлԼһԣȻǲϲԼĶӵԼƤӵ߹Ū飬ֵС
Իⷬʵڻϵ˲ٺøС
֮ǰ˵ռҩģǺˡȻǸԼŮĹĻٲ˵ģĿ䵽ϣɫǺܺãҪע壬ض֮ĸһֱУ׼ˡ
һɣͷллʶ䣡
ڸλϵĵ΢΢͵ıƺ⣬˳󵽴һƽ״̬Ϊ׵İ취
Ȼˣ޿¸ʮһѵõգضĻ¾ͷɣ⼸Ҳú׼һ»£ɲίضȻةɲŹ㣡ɣȷһ°ɡ
˵ӣӻر߾رȻԶģڻλ׷˼ӻ׷ٳ񲿹һλãһɢĻӣӻƹܹԱĻְЩǺͳвٹԱãǻλ׵̳ߡ
ټȢضΪة֮Ůٵõة֧֣ôδĴ֮λȻҪ䵽ϡ
ȻⲻǻҪĽϲûõѡĸӼλڸͻͬʱڳеĹְǵõƺⷽʽ
λ᲻Լʵ⣬ؿͷ񸸻ʽ̻壬Ǹʲ˵Ϊ˸ضһõĻ񣬶ҲĻ飬л¡
ϻ⹧ģϵЦҲ˼֣ĵͷڻʲôҪģֱӺ񲿿ڱǡҲǻ϶Իһֲɡ
Ǵһ֮ٸһ棬ƫƫоٶĲҲԲұֳ


221 սǰҹı3
鷿ϵɫÿ˫ȭգлһĨ͵⣬ȻǺòˡԼȥּͻʱ򣬻ѾԤϵڵĽ֣Ҳ̫Խܡ
ڻҪǰԼʵҲȥְλҲ˻ϵļֲɣڻ˵ҲԽܵġ
ǰԼ֮ǰ΢һ㣬һ鷿еĵ΢΢˹Լʵ˼ܹ⼸֣иӿضһ㣬ƫƫֲ
ҲҺû֪ⷬ˼Ȼ϶ҪݺݵҡͷŲǸʿص˰Ȩƺˡ
֣ҲҸʵ𣡡ǰӭϻ橲õЦݡ
΢΢˽ܿǻָһº͵ģصͷţҸּģô˿ҸҪ£Ի橵ʱ򣬻һΪͰֳ
˵һϵԭ򣬻Ҳһ죬ȻϵҲͬĿģɴԴ뵽ԼˣһľͻƲסؼ
֣ĬҲߵúܽأһ죬ԭΪ֮ǰضӰǺĬ֮ǰĸ飬ƺ
Ĭ֣ٽϻڵı飬ﻹʲô׵ġ
ȫĬİܹ˳ڵ𣬲Ȼ֪ҪôԼˡ
ú۹⣬ĬǸѵõĺжǧҪˡѵĬ˵һغûĬҪнõˣˣȥ͸˵ɣһ¾ˣֻԤףռ޵ɾ
ϻЦݣҲѵߵݺݵصһۻߺߣҲ˵ˣ֪Цң
˵ֱӳ鷿ĴţѾǻ橾飬ô鷿ѾǼҳ㷹лϳţȫû˹ܵ˻橵Ϊ
ʱ򣬻Ѿ˻橵лһĨᣬ橣ú޵鷿ˡһϵЦѾȫ˿̵顣
橲Ų»أüһǰһ븣һһص񣬻Ȼ˵ʲôֱվϻϵĿ⣬ѽ㶼˵˵ģڻǰ橾һһ˼ֱŤСŮںԼĸ
Ҳһ㣬橾Բнһƽ˼ҸŮദģټϹӲ漰ȨȥûԻԽ˼һӻŮûеĳ谮
΢΢ҡͷƺǶԻҲûа취һСŮ֣üģ˵ɣúһ̶ͣҪްæʲôˣ
Ȼô˵ţлǺϲŴɻ橵Ը֮󿴵ԼСŮҸõЦݣҲһԼŮʱֳģ
˭˵ʼҾûˣ
Ѿϰ˻ֳ磬΢΢ེ촽ȻҲǴע⣬סϵĸ첲ʣϴ㲻˵ˣֻҪĬܹ˳ͨѧԺĿˣּ빬𣡡
һԭΪᰡɴЦˣԭ޵ıС˼˰˼ĬѾ˳ͨѧԺˣ
Ĭ֣Ҳһӻ橵ǼԼҹŮ϶ж׵ĵȻҲռ˶Ĭĵ飬ûаġ
ĬôãѾͷһĶȥˣ
ΪؿһĬĵ飬Щ黹֮ǰͳƣĬʵʵûдڻϿĻǹĬϲϢ
ڻ橵ǰϲûֱ˵ȻжĬǺܿãҪ֪͸橶˺üѡ˵֮һÿһǱĬҪõöˡ
λ橾ͺһĬĶȫˡ
ԼҸ˵Ĭ֣橲һ˫۾ˣصصͷ
԰ҵĬˣһصĴӢۣϴζ빬߾Ĭңһ˶ȺѧԺִ˾Ӣǰʮ׮ֵܣҲҲĬˣ
橾жȫ԰ε״̬
ѾǻϵһԼ߿佱Ĭĸŵ㣬ֱǰþ޽ˡ
˾Ӣǰʮ׮ֵܣĻҲû־ѡ


222 ˿£1
ֻҪ˵Ĭ¼橼ֱ˵ҹоᷳصصͷСŮл˸ƵĹʣ԰԰ǾӢǰʮر׮࣬һ쾫ӢأڽабĬ˵ˣ
뵽һԣ橶ɸоȫѪǱԼӮ˱Ҫøˡ
˵Ӣˣ˵׮ֵܻ֪ģֵܵĲֵܾÿ϶ʱǻжĽ׮ֵܵʵǱԼ⼸Ҫǿܶˡ
Ŀһ˵֮ǰ˵ĬĻпŵĳɷڣĬܹƾԼʵ׮ֵܵĻҲһǿˡ
ŶѾͷ˵Ĭ׮׮ֵܣ
Ȼле㲻ŵġ
ԼҸȤˣǺ޲ðĬ¼еˣصصͷ԰ĬӮǣ㶼ûп̨ĬӰ˭Ҳֲ嵽ĸɹ׮ʦأ
Ĭ͹һ־;𾪣˷ʤܹʵȶԷ¿˵ʤҲˡ
ؾǻҲɶĬŨŨĺģ֮ǰӦĬѧԺټĬĬͨѧԺĿˣĬͨˣõ벻ĳɼ
ڻҲɾƾĬݵȷǿϻˡǻΪ۰ŮҪõһж͵ǰڸѡϸ⡣
ãܺãǼصĿҲǲģѧԺһа˰ɣ֮ͿԵó֮޾ּĬ𣡵ʱǴͻ飡
Ҳһֺ̣аɼͿԿĬʵջ橸ղ˵ôĬȻǰʮǰǰ;һֺͻʼǣһҲԸԹһϡ
һ죬ͻ飬ǲǱʾԼԺĬˣҲû˸ҺԼǿĬ 
һȫƾͺá
ѵõĻҲ¶ߵһ棬ȴҲǺܺõչ¶е⣬ɲѾȲҪĬһˡ
ȻŮҲɴЦĿŻ橵ı飬ϵЦҲǲ˼֡
ƺĬ׻᲻Ĵͻ顣
˯һպ׮ĶսĬԼĹµʶʵµͻƣѾ˳ڵϣֻʱͿ˳Ϊڡ
ڰǰĬҲȫԼȻµʱʵͻƣڿɾǺĸˡ
ĬʶȥѰİҹԼûз֣ѾϰԺİҹһˡ
ҹ߰ɡ
İҹĿĿ䵽Ĭϣ۵׻һĨâ߰ɡƺ뵽ʲô˶٣Ĭ㡣
ʱĬע⵽İҹϻһµľУлһĨɻ󣬲ûֽӹһʵô뵽Ҫﰡ޹»
İҹ΢΢ԼΪĬ׼ĶǿƵطŵĬУţ⣬㴩ҲиİҹԼƵĽ˿£·ȫκθоȴǵǹ룬ĬϿɶһݱϡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣İҹ⻰ŵĻһ·ҿǴˡ˵Ŵ򿪽УɫıӳĬĿһݣǽ˿
Ҫ֪˿˵ǧ󣬿˵ΪӲĶٲƣܣҲǼΪѣİҹȻóһ˿·͸Լ
İҹ΢΢ͷĬҲ֪˿ҲԼܶ࣬ţ
Ĭݺݵҡͷ˵ʲôҲܽôصĶһҲͽˣ֮Ķͻȥãǽ˿գ
˿ʵ̫ˣҲգ
˵ĬװŽ˿µĽеݻİҹ
İҹһĬ㲻ϲͳȥûջĵôĬ͸һּѹ
Ĭüһϲϲ⣬ǽ˿һõһ˿޲òκ֪ƫƫİҹ߾һ㶼ӣ˵˾ˣʵ̫ˡ
ǲϲ̫ˣҲգ
İҹһǲϲǾϲ˼ʲôյġһϵʱΪ˸Ĭ˿£ҪҲûá
Ǹģ㲻Ҫ˱ǡƵһ㶼ûаѶ˿ļֵ˵žҪֻ˿¡
ĬһҪҪôԣ
ס֣


223 ˿£2
Ĭ⻰İҹͣĿ䵽ĬϣƺûĬҪʲô
㲻ǲҪ˿£Ҳãʹ˻ˡ
İҹĬҪİҹݺݵشһ٣ǽ˿˿ҪòȻҪˣֱǱ
ĬɺݺݵһһİҹϵĽ˿£һİҹİˣؿİҹ㵽֪֪˿ļֵ
İҹЩļֵ˵˿Ĭܣ͵һ
˲˵ģ͸Ĭں˵ҹ˿ĺܹ󰡣
İҹ΢㲻Ҫ
ΪԼܣ˾׼·ɣ
Ĭüֱô˵ŻĴˣݺݵһ˵ǲҲܣһҪ·ĬѹҲѹŨŨŭ
ȻİҹʲôԵĵطȻصͷ㲻Ҫⲻһʲô
ĬݺݵһҲǱİҹˣ±ǣ
İҹ΢΢ȻĽģͷţȥϣȻỹб˵׸ղ˵ô࣬ǹģôĬԲİҹҲֻܳ²ߡ
ãҡ
ĬΣǽİҹݹصȴǲ΢΢ӦҲİҹһģһů
СʶҪĬһ䣬СŮӦһ˴Ӻ泶סȫˡ
ҿİҹſңСҲǻˣ޾Ȼֱİҹһ˸۸ˡ
һһֱİҹԱߣĿһ۲֪ôС꣬лһĨ͵Ц˵ܴôԵȴףȻİҹԸ⿴СһֱĬˡ
Ůܲ塣˳˵Сֻһֻ꣬ҲĬ·͵ˡİҹôԵ
С⻰³һѪʲôܲ壬ǸŮĺòãֻĸòãʲôҪ˼ģĬ˰
ߣѾߵĻСŮѡĬİҹҲ֪ĬǸŮˣҲãоˡСŮлһĨĻȣʱһľ
ߺߣŮԲźðĬеģŮϲ顣
˵С껹İҹͶȥһƵĿ⣬ɲ˵İҹĬ̫ǲ
İҹĿһȻҲԷɣüġ
С겻ĬԼޣĬҲǳ谮С꣬ȻİҹһᶼѾֱӶСˡ
˵ʲôʱĬҲѾ·˳
İҹɺһͣĿ䵽ĬϣȻô˲ҪκеעĬϡ
Ĭٴôɫ·ɫɫѵÿĬ·˲ǰһ
˿±İҹΪĬƵģԺжѾ֪ٴλĬ·ʱģһǷ׿ԽõĻ붼ֲǰ·Ĭٺʲˡ
Ҫ˵İҹסˣС꿴Ĭӷ߳ô˲侹ȻҲǱĬ޵ˡ
Ĭ
ĬİҹС˵ģҲɻһĨȻ˵ʵٳԴ·Ǻܲϰߡʶ˶·ôǲǺ֣
ĬİҹСѹһ˵ҲǾ˵ıֳͬĹ۵㣬ݺݵҡͷĬӺܺãٺˣ
СҲͷͬĬ·̫ˣĺܺã˧СһתûǸղİҹסԼ飬˵ҾõȻһϳе˶ҪԵˣ붼úڴ
ԵİҹĿһ⻰оͲôˣô˲侹ȻҪĬ˾Ϳˡ͹ǻ橺ͶŮ˾ѾͷˣӲ˵Ǻܶˡ
ĬһɵҲ뵽һЩõĻ棬һȥ·ɣҲϲ̫ˡ
ǵ͵һã̫۾Ͳˡ
У
İҹвԸĬģ˿·ѾֻǺÿô򵥣ҪʵԣԸĬ֮ıдΪҪԭ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ѵÿİҹôӣвһĨɻ󣬡ôˣʲô𣡡


224 ˿£3
İҹĿѵ㻹һսϽ˿¿Ա㡣Ҳİҹҹƽ˿µԭΪ̫ڳҲҲûˡ
Ĭ˵ͷжڽȻҪԵҲм־裬ãǽҪˡһɫ·ѾȫˣҪﵽɲһ׵顣
ԴͻĬ֮󣬵õ˻ֺ֧Ϳ϶֮ĬϾ͸ˡ
Ĭ磬һȥѧԺɣаһ죬ϾͿԾϳѧԺĬ磬һԳΪаǰڿĬʱĿһ۾Ųˡ
ϻģİҹлһĨ꣬Ŀǰ΢΢һ˻䵽ĬϵĿ⡣
һӿĬˣһӦԼȻǶĬڷգһ죬ݺݵصһİҹ
ߺߣĬ磬·ƯأԲĶĬĿ佱
Ĭ΢΢һ֪ʲôʱСѾĬڻ˷׿ԽﻹһֻС̣дһĨÿᣬֱ˵Ľࡣ
ҹ͵ĬԼûз֣˵⻰ʱлһĨÿ顣
İҹ
һ˲·ҲôÿˣΪİҹƫ
ӣʱҲǲˣǻǿȥѧԺɡĿһĬϵ·ֵֹܾģѵ·ҲҺĬû˵ǽ˿£İҹƵģȻԽˡ
ûеȵĬջѾ˿ջſڡ
˾ȣٿӿջĬһˣвŨŨİ֮顣Ҫ֪ڸղţѾּͻ飬ةŮض˻Ϊеĸȫһˡ
пǸĬضǰδϻ֮䶨ȻҪìˡ
ţĪƵģ
Ĭ
΢΢ڿĬʱ¶һĨЦݣһӣ˰Ѿ׼õĶ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ûзӦ⵽ʲô
˶Լǰ̣úɫĳиסҲ֪浽Ƿʲô
ӣΪΣĬȻŻôʱԼ鷳
͵͵ֵ˶Ѿը˹ˣȻĬ֮ǰŹҲѾ˲˵ĲƫƫԼʵǱȲ˼ңֻԱ߰ˡҶǲͣĬȴѾõһ˵òĳɹ
ĬҪùˣһѵĬģ˾ѹǱĬˣ΢΢ҡͷ
ξǳֺĬģǵô˵棬ҪһϢԼĬĸܺãԲΪض֮ǰĻʲô϶ĵط
ҿ˸ϵĺ첼΢΢ɫĹâųɲǼ䶼е۾ˡ
Ĭ㿴𣡡֪Ĭаһ죬ɷ˿ĲҵôһǸĬ˹
Ĭеɻ󣬵ҲǷӦĬ֪ⶫ֮
Ľ͵ŶĬܲǺ˽⣬캮캮µһʦԯ죬Ѿ˽꣬ԻҪȥμӱҲûʲôģͰ캮ɡĬɲҪǡ
찡캮
캮һ¶ȶһӽ˺ö࣬Ӳ˵ˣѵһı֮ǰжѱ϶һѪȷ硣˭Ҳ֪캮䵽˭ϣ벻ԭǱղȥ
ڻȻó캮͸Ĭֱ˵۾
˵õ˺أ˵õأôһתȻģ
ĺҪסļ򣬰ҡѰվǰ˿Ĭ˿˲ءôܹĬôмӣŶǻֺĬһ
ˣ
ҲһЩǵҲѾвͬѰĵطĿ䵽ĬϣһвѰ鶼Ĭϣɵӣôֻ˵һ㡣
ĬĺǿŻѾη壬ֺõ顣
ܱô룬ӰĬ飬䵽캮ϣȻѵһı
׼ѱ͸ңĬҲɴһĨȡ


225 캮սȺۣ1
Ȼ̬ѾˣĬܾеţմӻ߿ӵ˲ҩģڻôһѱ͸ԼĬЩ˼ˡ
дҪֺĬ˼ټ캮ԼҲûãԦ˽ֻ꣬ܰѱ֮߸캮ֵĬĻģҲǷˡ
صصͷʾԼ϶Ȼ͸ϣĬҪˡ
찡캮ôܻ
ĬȻҲ˼΢΢캮Ľâ˸ź⣬һ𺳵ĸоԲһ㡣
΢΢ȻǻŵĶȻܾ
ʾԵĵͷĬﻹҪлӸ
Ĭ캮ҲһĬ¡΢΢֮ҪôĬ캮ѾԣҪȫ캮ҪΪ
Ĭһ벻캮ȻűԽ
İҹĿ䵽캮ϣҪʲô캮ļֵһ㶼Լ͵Ľ˿Ҫȥĸо
һǱʲôסһһ䡣ϵԽ
橴ӻ֣֮캮סˡ΢΢һĬ磬캮ɣֵõ캮ʱ򣬿Ǻö˶ȡԸãھȻ͸㣡
һҲǻв׵ģʲôʱĬ֮ĸôˣûʹ
İҹĬͷʾ⣬캮ǲڿʱȴջţҸҸõı
ĬõıȻҪõģڱ͵ĶİҹûзСӦ⣬֮ҪΪĬһѸõĽ
İҹôȻĻĬҲɺݺݵس˳ǣİҹҪҪʱ򻹸Լгް캮õı
Ĭе캮ƺҲİҹĻʼĬһͣս캮Լѳȥ
һȣ캮Ȼ˵
캮Ŀĺ⣬ǽâİҹķȥȻҲΪղİҹ캮Ĳ档
ڳҲһӱ캮ŵˣ㶵ؿĬĶ˰ԵҳıĬĿԼԦ
Ĭһס캮ʰ㡣
캮ԵĬ͸ӰԵֳֽͷųһĨŨصľþס캮Ȼ캮κζ
ţ
ǾţĬȻѾܹˣҪ֪ſ˵ﵽ춥ʱһҲܺܺŵľĬᾹȻˣԾΪʰ캮
Ĭ¶һֱ¾Ѿ㹻˾ˣԽ⡣ĬʵԽǿԽǿ֤Լ۹ûдڻҲڴĬܹ˳շ캮
İҹ˵ֻ΢һվĬ΢һ˲˲ؿĬĶĬһ캮Ϊãֱӻ˲ǡ
캮ΪеıȻҲԼһѪԣȻǱĬסȴҲôֿĲţںĬͷųľ⣬Ҫ
ߣҪӣûôף
Ĭһ˼ͷųľڵɫҲո֣캮Ǻ𣬲֪᲻»档
Ĭһһ³پУɲô򵥵ģһСС캮ˡ
Ĭһ࣬˶вһĨηͺ¡
캮ʱ򻹲캮µĺдܵµɫҲֻˣɫĻĬľԵµĿͰ
ȻĬٶ໨ʲô캮˵ֿһһݵĬǰҲĬʾ˼ˡ
Ĭ΢΢һǲࡣ
գ
캮ѾĬȫƷˣ˳ĬһɵرĬջ
Ǳշˣ찡ҪҪôǿ󣡡ԭΪҪ໨һܳ캮캮ʵһշ캮ȫڻ¡
⧲ĬָһۣϾѪѪ䵽캮˲ͱ캮ˣΪĬѪһӱøӵķâɣҫ۵ĹâĬγһҫ۵ĹΣе˶һŲ۾
ʱĬܵһĸо֫ٺǿƲס һĨÿĻȣƺǶһǣ
캮ݼˡ


226 캮սȺۣ2
캮Ľ꣡Ĭ϶ؿԼʶС˶вһĨȣû뵽캮ôıĽ꿴žе󲻷ˡ
캮ĬĬе뷨ȻҲǿʮܵĬԼ캮ȻҲǲˣСкԴĬӣˣҺǿģ
Ĭ΢΢һѱܹ꣬ͺһһ񽣻궼Ѿ꺢ӵĴСȻʵԲС
΢΢ͷţţ캮ǿԺҵıһϵ۷壡
⻰캮ҲɼжĬ֮ҲǸˡ캮ΪеıȻԼİ֮ǰôӢ캮ûе֣Ҫһǲ캮
캮䵽УȻӲ캮Ĭȴǿշ캮⽣лǲİɡĬ⻰һȫǰ캮ѪҲǼˣԽͬĬˡ
Ĭ˫ۣ΢һĨÿЦݣȻǳɹ㶨캮
ʶס˺ĿƵؿĬĳɹշ캮
ǰһĬȭҾĬϲɹշ캮Ժ캮㣬Ӣۣ˵ľУʤĺϢ
ò˵Ĭʱ¶ǹмӡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷǻҲһˡ
Ż¶һЦݣĬܹɹշ캮ҪлӵĿͣպĬرͽ֮飡
Ĭ⻰ԽˣͺǱȵõʲô󱦱һϵЦôƲסͷǱ͵ĬˣܹõһҩʦĻĺôȻüġ
İҹĬʱ䲻ˣǻǿ߰ɡ˵İҹǲϲģĬڣ͸ӿˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷͻڶĬ˵ΪҪĻѧԺа
ǸղĬɹշ캮ϢѾǴˣȵĬʱһĿƵĿĬɰĬȫëˡ
ĬһܿȵĿ⣬ֱеܲˡ
һؿһ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôú˵ҪôңֲŮˣȻҪΪ㿴ˣ
Ĭ
ôУǻ橾ǵһͬ⡣
ǰһĬǰݺݵصһ˼ҲǺˡĬ橿еˣʲô顣
ϻ橾Ŀ⣬ɺݺݵس˳ǣҪҪǿһĬˣĬЦһ㶼ЦҾҪ캮ˣҪҪ뵽طȥôϲˣɿ϶ϲŮ˰
˵ǴһĬгϽĬⷬŵȷ˲ǰһҲĬǸ˵డ
΢΢һȻϷȥĬܲһȻܹŮӵϲģĬһŮӣҵһ׷㣬жǿϧˣĹɡ
⻰Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźˡ
Ǻǣ㲻Ҫ캮𣬷ϻôʲôĬһֱӰ캮˦ȥ⶯Ҳޱȡ
˳һӣס캮ܵͷųĹԣɺݺݵصͷܹ֮Ե캮ĹâҲ޺ˣȻǱӢۣĬһһٵùڡ
ĬҲʮ㣬ƺҲĬˡ
ǾлˡĬһջ캮лһĨâһתƺҲ뵽ʲôһаǰѧԺ׼⽱ҲɡҶЩˡ
ѧԺ׼ĽƷԲһĶ
һˣνƷ˾ʦϣصصͷǵȻѧԺһĽǺ˰ĬһҪһµһ
һĽˣĬеĺĸǿˣһӴ֪Ļˣĵ͸¶һ£ҿ϶߱ˡ
Ĭ֣ʯ˸ƵĹʣؿֵд򺮲ˡɺݺݵس˳ǣĬ㲻ҪôңȻЩĽĹҪˣС£
ĬҪΪаĵһɲʲôˮƽŮ˳


227 캮սȺۣ3
ĬתͷһڣضסڡҲһĨѵ⣬һԼùȻԽԽͿˡضѾǱةฮˣةԣԶֻһЧʥϣضȴͻߵһ
ǻ϶ĻʴҲûʲô⣬ةпĺвûаѻԼĽӰˡȻƫƫضһƤǳģһ϶˻ˣʥ϶Ѿּͻ飬һضҲǷˡ
ةฮѾضȻضȴһ㶼סɵŮ˰ܹ޸һҫǶԼҵ档
ضԼҸ統ѵˣϵȻҲǲÿоԼȻΪĬˡضֻܰŭͳͳĬϡ
ߺߣ磬Ĭʲô˭ðضһԽĬ֮ǰãҪõһμΰɡ
˵ض֪ԼվҲǲ˴һתֱ뿪뵽֮ǰܳϸԼļƻ۵׻һĨ⣬͵ſĬùˡ
ϵЦҲȻ˺ܶ࣬ҪסضĬŶǸҲףĬȫЩĵĵǸ˸оˡ
ĬǱǸˣضǱ߻ˣΪֻԼһةฮûκιϵһ⻰һֱĬʾةฮ̬ȡ
ôһҲ˵һ㣬ضةฮĵλʵˣض֪һأ
Ĭ΢΢һܵĺ⣬΢΢ͷʾףãҲЩġղضĻҲһˣܳӦþضʦɣܳҲˡ
һԽǿضˣŮΪԼõ˸ʵĴͻͺ˲ˡĬԺүأ
Ĭ磬ǲضŮˣһõĵһ
ĬпɾûôֹˣضȻƽʱʱһ㣬Ҳ޸˵ˡ
ɲһܳ϶Ѿ˶ԲˡĬлƵĹʣòҪ̫֣ú콣ոճʣȾѪıƺҫ۰ɡ캮ҲԾԾ˰
΢ɺݺݵس˳ǣ˭뵽ҪĬְʼֱһħԭĬʵѾȺˣټһëѪ캮ɱǸǿˡ
ĬҶѾȲҪɱķģˣоڿ׮ʦֵĶԾ֮󣬿¶û˸Ҷ˰ɡսʤ˵ľ
һ䳡ͨ˶Ѿˣһ϶ŨŨڴ
ڴڴĿ̨֮ĿеˣĿ䵽ĬϣҪĬҪôš
ˣشжѾԽаʮڴѧԺ飬׼˴аµķʽϳ˵һĨơ
ĬһƵķˣµķʽҲԽԽ˼ˡ
µķʽʲôǰ춼һһģѲλ׼һϲɣҲ֪˭˵ԼĲ²⣬ȴǱˡ
Ŀŵ˵ķӦҪľǿĬùˡ
ãҾһѧԺ׼̨ƶȣÿζʮΪһС飬бλÿһѧͳƣϳǰʮԴ˷ʽϳǰ򵥵Ľһ±ķʽɲȺʮһС鿪ʼֱӱվ̨ϵ˾ʤߣһֱ
ĬһȻǺӱַʽҲƾһ֮ʮŸ˵ĹԲһ׵룬ϵõһˣĽһδ֪
ʽ˼˵ãܼأ
԰Ҳôģ
Ѿв˿ʼ˽֮Ըһˣ֮ٱƴ
橲ɺݺݵüģľϷʽȷѧԺ˵Խʡ˲ʱ䣬Ҳֺܶ಻ƽԡĬ˵϶ˡ
ƽǲ˵һü©˲ɣ˵Բͬķʽ
Ѿµ˵ȻܹõѧԺͬ⣬˵ѧԺں֧ԼĹ۵㣬ȫõġ
һȫûĿԣѧԺľòƽ˳ⳡӢѧӾһаٵҲǿѧķӦͺԣ
һ˼ܸı䡣
橻Ҫ˵ʲôĬס橵ĸ첲΢΢ҡͷѧԺİɡַܹʽ谭ԼĬ֮ˣ
ĬݵģȴǷĲСŮ˽üģҲŨŨĽţĬѧԺаĸĸͶ̫Ĳƽԡ


228 ޾ȺۣѪߣ1
ĬĸĸﵹҲû̫⣬ȻѧԺľеж ߥ޵ĳɷ֣ڼȻѧԺѾ϶ˣǱ˵Ȼڣ˵Ĭлڻηս
£ܺá
Ĭ⻰һȴǸвˬˣ֮ǰĬ˵ıȷʵǾ˲ˣͬҲܶ˵Ĳѽ
Ĭ硭ԻҪ˵ʲôѡ죬˵ٶĬ⣬ֻаϣĬܹ˳аǰʮɡĬ磬Եġ
ΪĵĻĬǰʮô֮ǰͻͿʼˡѾųȥĬûȡһóɼ֮ҲҪϴͻˡ
ڻⷬС˼˿ɲ֪
ĬԼİҹĿ䵽ĬϣĬʵǴһϣҲûš
Ĭһİҹ΢΢ͷİɣҲԼˡϧ֮ˣټİҹĽ˿»壬˾ҪԼҲһ׵顣
׮׮ֵҲһǹˣĿûдĬŲ
Ҿ˵ˣĬǳ֮һܹõһԴϴκĬһս֮׮ѾĬ˳羴ΣдһĨȵĹʣֱĬͷ֧ߡ
׮΢΢˳飬Ƴһһ׮ƣǲĬһϰ׮ƸƷˡĬȥʦܣαɲףѫҲμαҪСġ
ĬһѫȻҲμаʦֲѧԺѾܾôͻȻμаĬ֪ѫʵ׮ǻ飬ȻʵҲǲġ
Ծǲϳ顣
׮ĿΪ˶ѫļⳡ˼ֿͷҲ嶫ѫʲôˮƽ
ʦֺ֮ǰѾѧԺˣʱʦƸ뾫ӢѧԺûвμӹѧԺаҪаԼʵҲѧԺġ׮ҲһΣĬͶȥһ
˵˶ó˶ѫам϶˺ܶδ֪Ƕѫ˶ļѾӱȴҲ˵岻ĵطÿа֮ǰѧμӣ֮ǰ׮ĬĶսһ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾԼˣѫУƺǶδɡҲ֪ʦֵʵΣڴͶʦֹдһ¡˵Ĭ˸ƵĹʡ
⻰ɺݺݵس˳ǣȻĬ
üһĬĿôʱӣôսƺҲֻܹĬˣԺвɸֳĬսȺʱֳӦùңڵҲܹˡ
۵ʱ򣬶ѫҲǽ
΢΢üģһ۶ѫҪ˵ʲôû˵ڣģҪжŤжŤˡ
ǶѫżʣȴʳˣʲôҪҵģֱӿھͺãҲ㡣
˶ѫ仰ҲſģһΪʲôҪμεȫҪ𣡡
ѫЦˣüһڹϵ𣡡Ƶ⣬Ƕ϶Է⣬һȻǸ
㰮˵˵һ¡оԼһ죬ѫûΡ
ֻҪ⣬ҵȻ֪޲޲ѫһѧԺһĬ˵ǿ׮ֵܶĶ֣ȥ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳû뵽Ȼԭ˵ѫǳĬȥġһĨŨŨɻѵ˼ˣСġ۵ײȾһĨǡ
ģò˵һֺůĸо
ѫ΢΢Ĺģȫ˶Ӯ˱ʲô
ⶼûпʼأѫѾ϶ԼӮñɣ
ѫûѹƣˣԱߵҲ÷ǳ
ϵͲÿˣһѫ˵ԼжһߣȵŻ֪֣֮ǰѫǰȥ˻橵ΣȻŻ˵Ӳ
ѫȻ׻⻰Ĭܵİ
Ĭǹ˹˸ղ׮ֵܵѣλʦԽˡǰһ֮󻹻һսʦ֣ĬȻڴʦ档
ѫ˾Ĭаȹ˵ĵ΢΢һƯĻȣҲڴʦҲҪʧˡ


229 ޾ȺۣѪߣ2
ܿѧԺаʽʼһֳ˶ʮ飬Ӯʤмȡ飬ĬǱڵھͬӮʤĻǵ飬ڰ飬ĬĵĶѫǰ˵ʮ顣
һĸ˷ֱڲͬУڵһսв໥棬ҲԻⲻѹˡʵһһûжһѧԺİǿʤǰһ٣ڶʤΪҵġ
ǰ漸ĬûйϵһڸλϵˣͻȻҲܹΪѧԺַʽѧԺаˣȷ˲Чʡ
òһʱͿԷֳʤ˰ɡĬųϵĶţ˵Ȼİ໥սȷ̫ķʱ侫ˡ
΢΢ͷĬôһ˵ƺҲеȻѧԺҲᰲıƺô˵ҲǣĬһǿ㡣
ֵܿϳŮлһĨᶨ⣬ղҲעһºԼһĶ֣ȻǺһҲ˼ֵ
Ĭ磬Ͼֵȥˣ⿴ĬдƵ⣬ƺĬûеõе˼
Ĭͷ˵һ䣬ͣԵġ
ȻⲢǻҪõĴ𰸣СŮ۵ײһĨʧܿʰȵԼĬɹһֱ˵һжü
ĬϣƺҲ˼ӱĺˡţһǵģĬ磬һ
˵Ҳٵʱ䣬һԾɵ̨֮ϣ˶Ѿ׼ˡǰ漸ֵıڴҲûжٵģһԶӵһ𣬴һţ
Ȼվȴû˸ǰȥ橡һǹݾȫһˣ⼸ͨѧӣȻԸͻʼҵ˽ԹıѾչʾԼʵȻҲν˺
Ҳԣ˳һֱɼ©Ӯñȫѹں󱻴򵹵ɼ
һαеķǳɣ橶ûԼʲôѾʤˡ
΢΢һԾ»صԭĵطĬ磬Ӯˣ
Ĭǲɳ˳飬òϻҲǼõģսʤţϲ橹ܲ
лһĨΣǶԸԼҲΡ
ǺܺãĬĵһҲȻ˳ͨ
ȷǻ˵ģһֱѶϵǺܸߣսҪĻǺǳ
֮Ҳͨ˱
ֵĬϳˡ
ĬһɫĽ˿£պ콣̨У˷ڵˣ΢΢һϰɡ
Щ˿ɶźõģĬȻлôõսʤ
վĬСӺĿһлһĨյɫһĬŵĺܰһϣߺߣΪǲ𣡡ò˵ĬȻģԸһ־ʣҲôЭġ
Ҳ֪˭ȳˣճĬĺ󱳹ȥĬȷǺǿôˣѵЭЭԸһĬ
ĬһڶԸǵʱȫ߲ӰؾƾķӦͿ˳˵ĹȻһȹԱߵȻҲţһڱ֮ǰѾˣֻҪܹĬȻٲǵĺô
͹ǳһ㣬˶Ĳ˾ĬһͺǴ˼Ѫһȫͣ˶Ĭһ
橲ɺݺݵս˫ȭⲻƽôܾͳĬһˡ
Ҳס˺Ŀһ˲˲ؽ̨ϵսȫŲ۾ȻǱ˹ȥ
ʱİҹȽϵˣĿݣĿĬˣ΢΢ȻĬʮ㡣
ѫĿǷĬϣȻҲǴĬĳ֣аԷһʱҲһֱĹʣʶһ۶ѫǿһĬаԱȽ˵ĸ¡
쵽ĶѫЦˣһҺĬΣ
ͺԼǵС˼ѫһϲɻһĨΣǵͷòʦֵ֣ȽϲڵĬȵʦҪǿ
˵ѵˣֻǸΪʵۣʱ滰ȴǲôϲˡ
ѫĿһĬķ΢΢ͷҲͬĹ۵㣬ȷĬǸţôʱ򣬵ȷǱȲĬԼĶ̰Ҳһ
϶ѫĻȴǶһ˼ڵĬǶڵĶʦֲǣʦֵĺϢ⻰һҲŶѫǱĬҪǿġ
С
ѫһĿ䵽ĬϣлһĨƵĹʡ


230 ޾ȺۣѪߣ3
У
ȱ˷Ӧѫ˵ʲô˼̨ϵĬĬһݣȫзӦʱ䣬һ˲ΧԼǰʮӦ¡
⵽ôģ
˶ûпĬôֵģѾɹʮˣľŸȫǱĬһָŻˣԼǰļˣǵʵɶٮٮߣĬϲоѾܡ
ԭжٿ϶ôЭЭһܴĬڿһЦ
Ĭһ˿Ⱦͺʲô鶼ûзһĿ⿴ļˣսǽ̨ĬҪǵϻ̫
ֱ̫ǿˡ
Ǹղôһ¾Ѿ˳еԼԼܹӮӲ˵ǺĬˡ
ɫ·վ˳еıͩĬһᡣһ˿ͷҲһһʾĬĳȻĬҲǼΪ
䣡
֮һĬʾ䣬һѾĬܵʮɵڵ϶֮⣬˶ʾĬĳ
ĬĿⲻϲƺⲢʲôҪ飬ֺ΢΢ͷʤѷ֣ĬҲûʲô˵ģƺֱֶֻβܴﵽõĽ
ĬЩˣس̨ȥ
ȥɣԭĬǰˣһԾӵһԾĳĬĺ󱳴ȥϺ˸̵󱳣ˡ
еȻǱͻȻı仯ŵˣ˭Ҳ벻Ѿ˵˾Ȼʹթ
橲ɺݺݵս˫ȭһͺסԼĲһɴ˫ȭĬ磡
Сģ
һĬ
˵ʱʱ죬ԷȻѾһ㣬þԼȫٶȼ죬һǻһ㣬źҵĬȥ
ĬƺҲǱͻȻı仯סˣѾôѣĬȴһ㷴ӦûС
İҹĿһĬûע⵽һ㡣
Ȼ֮ĬˣĬһлһĨ壬Ҫ̨֣֮ϣЩ˾ô֪ôһҪԼŭôͲҪԼ飡
콣ʣĬıͺһ˫۾һֱӰѺ콣ķһ콣ѾǣȻܹĬ⣬ֱӳ͵ϮĬȥ
Էٶȿ죬콣ٶȸ죬ȫԷκηӦʱ䣬˶ûü֣ĿһʹһѪ˳ȻѾ콣ˡ
лŨŨĲ˼飬ȻûĬûתûע⵽ΪʲôԼȻʧˡ
Ҳţ
ȻܶԷжٲģˣȫû˵ֿ
ĬתһĨؿЩˣһȣգ
콣ܵһӺԾذγһʺѪɽȾһ̨Ѫ˵ľС˼ֱֱˡ
Ĭ΢΢˹˭Ĭ㵽ףС˵ͲҪˣʡöѧԺ
Ĭ͵ϮΪǿϣɱһӰٵ˼ղ˾ӡ
ֶκȫ˭ұĬ˦ʲôСĻ
ãĬúãҪ͵ϮҲҪѧԺˣ橵һվĬȲʣСŮֻĬһˣֻҪĬû¾ͺá
СŮдһĨŨŨһѪˣһá
һĬʱ̫ǿ󣬴һʱ֮䶼֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣԭءҪ˵ĬˣھֱĬûˣﻹʲôҵ뷨
һк޼Ҫ֪ҹ˿׼õģȴǱĬɱˣһû޲ðĬʬΣô
ֻбһҪվִ֡
һǿͿԿ˿ҲǺܲãȴʲô˵Ҳûа취ı䡣
ⳡĬʤΪѧԺĵӾȻɱͬţ⻹ҪܵͷĿⰴ˰ΪĬûа취̫Сˡ
⻰һҶסˣȫȻ˻һ顣
ĬһŭЦǺǣҲ֪ѧԺʽ׼ôңǲҾӦվԭرɱأĬдŨŨĳȻ⻰м
κòץĬİѱȻô׾ͷŹˡ


231 ѧԺã¶һ1
е˶ǿˣĬղžǸթҪ͵ϮĬĬ˵̨ϵ˾ĬˡⲻǱܷӦˣҪɱ㣬˵ıܷӦȥ
Ĭ˵Ŀ⣬ô˲Ҳ֪ԼҪ˵ʲôźˣһлһĨ͡
ǺǣҵȻ˼ĬҲҵ˵˵⻰һתҲʾܹкͬţԺѧԺѧ֮ദ
һԴǣ˵ԼľΪѧԺĹƽ˵ˡ
Ĭ΢΢ĬеöˣҾվѧԺһѾô˵ˡ
橵һܿĬ˸ˣǰһ
СŮ˵Ĭǰ棬Ŀܳϣһ֮ˣΪԼһ֮˽ʲô飬ղŷҶĿã͵ϮĬ磬ĬҲַ
֮һ˼Ǿ֧Ĭġ
һҪԸĬҲҪ橴ǻ壬Ĭ̬ȣҲǸĬһϡս˫ȭôŹĬôĸʡ
Ŀһ֪ĬҲԼɣкͬѧԺҲӲԲΪĬһ˷ĬҪܵ崦ݻҪ˾Ǳˡ
⻰һҲǴİԼժȥ֮ĬܵصĴҲԼûʲôϵ
⻰һƺҲ׵İ취ˣҶûʲôԡ
Ĭ΢΢ü˾ƺͷѧԺѧĵطˡ˾ܳϻô׷Źң
ɺݺݵس˳ǣȻϵܳŹĬ
Ĭˣ˾һѧԺֲĵط֮һ˾ĳƢŹ֣òҪȻ䵽ϣҪϸĥܳܳϰ㽻˾Ҳ䵽ϵϣʹ
ѧԺ˽Ķһ㣬˵˾طȫëƲס΢΢
⻰ĬһҲһš
˾ұ֮˵ɡˮڣĬоûʲôҪµġ
ֵ֮ѫϳʱˣЩȻǶѫĶ֣ʮжѫ˳Ӯ˱ҲǽΨһһܹиһˡ
λĬֻܷڶѫˡ
һֱ׽һÿĻʤһʮˣһսܿͿԵó
ҲǼѣԼǰ֤Լɹ֮ǰ˶Լƫ
Ů˸߹µ°ͣһֻһıл֪ԼмＸȻٲУѾ㹻ˡǿĬˡ
ȫʲôϢʱ䣬ֱӿʼһ
һжʮ˱£Դһϣ㵽Ϊֹϳվ̨֮ϵıаǰˡ
ȻվĬߵģȻ˾Ͳһˡ
ʮվ̨֮ϣһ㶼Եӵ
ѫ˶ûзУĿֻһĬ
΢΢һĨаȵĻȣʦܣξͿˣ
ʵҲжѾĬͶѫ֮ǰֶκʵ嵽ˣȫû˸ֱսˡôһ̨Ҳһ£˭ҲȻ֡
ɲҪĽ
һȡʲôʼ
ϻǺõģȻҶĬǣаĽҲһֱܶǿһ£Ѿ˳ߵһ˵ܹվ̨֮ϵĶС֮
Ҳ֪˭ȿʼˣȻ˻ҴһţȴһܿĬͶѫǡУŶвˬܹͨһЩˣȴҲ˶Ĭ
Ĭ磡
һıܿ˱˵Ĺ˭ֶûп
ĬһȻܿԼǰˣĿһսֻһһ˴̨֮ˤȥôһգ۵Ĺͽһ֡
ĻδʶվĬߣСŮһĨõЦݣ֪ĬԼܡ
Ĭ磬ãҪҾͱȥˣ
˽ԼʵҲΪһȥˡ
Ĭ˵һЩԾԾԵˣһСɫࡣ


232 ѧԺã¶һ2
Ĭᱻ۵ģԱȻ˻橣жĬĹһ㶼٣սˡ
ĬԻ橵ֹգСŮлһĨŨŨĲˬΪҪȥĬᱻ橸ۡ
һȴҲǲò϶⻰ĬȫԼһˣʵ֮ҪͶѫսҪԼİΣȻҪ໨һľ
Ĭ磬㲻ҪңҿԵģûҪʲôóɼѾˣ˵
Ĭͻ˵ĻвһĨĽ
ôĽ˼ңҲһᱣ㣡ѫڶԼδ޵ȻҪá
ĬôάŻ橣ѫҲ
΢΢˳ǣҪ˱𣡲ڶѫ黹ǲģ΢΢ˣ
ѵûܾǱ橱̼ˣһսϾȻγһֹԼƽ⡣
ĬŻ橣ѫάͬһ˻һ˭
ֱҪ˸ˡ
ĽƺҲˡ
ȻϾʣĬ橡ѫš
ѫЦˣĿ䵽Ĭϣʦܣлᵥдһˡ
аһڶȻڶѫĬ֮һǻ橺֮Ķˡ
ĬһҲڵᡣܸл򶫷ʦֽһ
Ÿ̨˵ڽˣҪ㵥սսһǻһֱҪˣҲԲ˻һԸˡ
һ϶ĵͷҲǿ϶˻橵Ľ顣
㾡Ѿô취Ĭɹվ󣬹ȻҪĬɲô׵顣ֻܰеϣڶѫϣܻܲĬӮαĵһɡ
ãͰǵ뷨ɡһҲùЩˡ
ĬͶѫ̨ｻ橺ˡ
áӮԼѫƲͷбᣬֱκ˼˶Ʋס˸Եɡ
Ҳǲ⣬һĨΣŶѫ˵ͷȻϱ˻ûжģڶս橵ʱĵġ
橿һ۶ѫᣬвɻһĨĽƲס ĬָĬܹ˵ʲôĻֻƬҲСŮкˡ
ȻĬҪûʧˣֻ˵Ļˡ
һԾ̨ȥ»صİҹվá
ôˣĲʾʲô
һίؿһĬֻкݺݵرһȫΪ˶һҪ
İҹĿҪĹ֪ôİҹ˵⻰
ĬĿⶢ̨֮ϽһСŮˣԵġ
ĬǺλ橵ʵ
Ҫ橵ģԷ橣ֻɲôöԸġĬǾӮ𣡡
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷڣûе˭Ҳ˵Ρ橹ĺõӮ˵겻һİҹ
Ĭ٩Ŀ⣬İҹҲһԭĬʲô֪
λǿԼʵɡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾףλҪӮеˡ
ĬϣӮ𣡡İҹͳĬ
ϣ˭Ӯ
ĬĿԻһĨɻƺ⻰ʲô˼üһԼܾͺãöʲô
İҹ΢ƺĬشҲ⣬״Ʋ˵ѫ򵥣СΪϡ
Ĭİҹ˵䣬̨ϵСŮȴǴòɿ˭ҲԶԷ˿ĵط
ϲһĨõЦݣĿƵĶѾҪôȥӮ˶ԷѵܹôսѾӣ
ٶٿһ㣡ֹһ䣬ȵвһĨɻʶķʽ֣ȻϵƺҲǱôˡ
˶ĳ橺֮Ľֵ˭ʤһܹԱӦԻ橵Ĺһָ橵书һѾѻ橸ȥˡ
һһ֮䣬Ǽйȥ橶Ѿ۵ÿʼЩϽŲˣݺݵشŴȴǱ򶨴ݣؾǻҲҪԼϣȲ
˺һеıһҾ䡣
һ橼ˣķڷ
һ橹Ҳܲԡ


233 ѧԺã¶һ3
橺˸ѷ֣ھʣĬͶѫ֮ĶԱˡ
ѫվ̨Ŀ䵽ĬϣȭҾʦܣˣ֮ҿɲŶӮˣ˶˼Ȣˡѫ뿪Ц˵
϶ѫĵ٩ĬҲЦˣĿʦô˵ҷ˼ˣӰʦһӵ¡
ѫҡͷɲУҶſǣʦܲսˣҲῴˡóʵͺã
ֶԾŲ۾
ͬĬ׮ֵ֮սĬͶѫ˶սпͷѾ̨˵Ķʵ˶ٶ̫죬зӦʱ䡣
橲ɺݺݵһڿˮԼܹٶ೤һ˫۾ǿǵĶˣƺͿӰһ֮ǴĬͶѫ˽촩·ɫͬȻ˭˭ֲˡ
ǵٶҲ̫˰ɣȫ橲ɵԹһھ˭һ㶼ֲ壬ĬӮ𣡡
İҹĿĿס̨ϵˣ벻ѫٶҲ֮졣
Ҫ˵ΪȵĻǶѫĬˣڱ֮ǰѾԶԷʵ߹ۣһжԵ̫ˣֵֻʱָܷ¡
úãѫһȣȭΪƳĬȥſжɪɪƷ硣ĬһԼٶҪ㿪ѫĹ
ѫĬô׾ˣֳ˶࿴ʲôʱ򶫷ѫȻĳսˣȫĬдʱ䣬ѫıѾ˳ƻĬš
ܵΣϮĬܵȥΣ˳̶ȼٴﵽΨһܹˡ
ѫ΢΢ԭûĻ˵Ĭܹܶ࣬˶Էĸ첲ĬսҲ˲١
Ĭ磡
һͣǶѫϵĶĬӲȥӣֺ涼ˣӲ˵ˡСŮһĶǸ߸ҿĳ
İҹĿһȻĬ¶ƣвҲһǣȴ˿¶
һ룬ϵ鷢ˡ
ĬԼסˣѫıȻûа취Ĭ£·Ȼһκ۶С
ĬһλҪлİҹĽ˿£ȻԼ϶ѾˡĿһȻ˿¾ǲͬ죬޾κεǱĺö
ѫһĨŨŨĲ˼飬γ˶ѫΪˣΪִܹĬѾ˾ųھȻĬ·ûиԲ
Ĭһ˿ɲһıҲһҪ̾һζѫҲǺܺݰȻн˿壬ǲѪˡȻǱֱĬַ飬ѫıߴѾҪԼָһ
ǧ䣬΢һʧпܸıһս֣мȫһĽ֡
Ĭ֪ʱҪԣһ˷ѫʹͬĬһӣ콣ͨ˲սƣĬһȣŶѫķ򹥻ȥ
ѫΪղŵ鷴Ӧ˰ģ屾ܵĸܵΣգһ䣬˳㿪ĬĹҪ֮
ѫ㿪һվսҲ΢΢һȻҲǱĬⷬӦ𾪵ˡ
ղŶѫôһ㣬ĬҪĽԭĬʵϱȲѫȻѫһȴûע⵽ԼվλöѾǳ̨ıԵ
֮ǰѫĬоǴҪĬƳ̨˼ȻҲ뵽ԼԸĬİ취ȴǱĬԼϡ
ѫǸով콣ڵǹƵöѫòȷ
콣ˣ
Ĭ֣ڴҶûע⵽ʱĬȻһӳ˶ѫ棬΢΢һһжˡ
ѫܵĬĹʶҪܣһжѾˣǰڷɹĺ콣ĬƣȫѫĿԡ
Ȼһжˡ
ѫıĮ̆Ե˺üԭѾվ̨ıԵһܣֱһ˶Ƿɳ̨
ĬӮˣ
ȻӮˣ
ӮúǾգȴҲѾǷǳȷĬӮ˶ѫҰѶѫƳ̨˶ûˣ˵ʵ˭˭ͣӦĬȲѫȴվ̨ˡ
Ҫ˵ĵ˾һǻˣԭĬο϶ҪˣĽȴǳ⡣
̫ˣĬӮˣĬӮ˰
⻰һҲǺܺõ˴ʵĬȻӮ˶ѫ˳Ϊαĵһ˱жӦǶѫӮñĽȻǺܳϡ


234 ͢ʢ磬ʹߣ1
ĬһԾ̨ʤѷ֣Ҳվ̨ˡĿ˵Ӯ˱мȷкܶҵĳɷ֣Ӯˡ
ĬŶѫһҾʦֳˣĬҡ
ѫĿ΢΢ҡͷ䲻ˣĬӮԼӮˣҲûʲôġʦܣǿӦܲˡ
֮ǰѫҪҪûĬȥ뷨ûгɹǱĬȥĬ֮ȻмҲжѫСĬԭ򣬵Ƕǽڡ
ϴŲõЦݣһʱ䳯ĬܹĬ磬̫ˣǵһ
Ĭ΢΢ͷԼȻĵõ˵һҲɻһ˿ȡ
Ŀ䵽վڸ̨ϵõ˾˰ɡ
ȻлһĨݣĬȻӮ˶ѫ
ٶĲʣĿ֮£Ҳʲôֵ̫顣һվãа˽ĳɼҲѾˣһĬڶѫ橣ĳɼͳƳٰ֮֮á
˵⻰ҲʡԼĬЦݲõ;һθۡ
˻֮⣬ȻĬϲҲ٣һ֮ǰ;ټĬԾǱ橸ˣȻ滹лʼҵӦԽͬ졣
蹫ӣϲаһһĬʶģʶĶĬкĬԼеܳĸо
׮ȴǲһĨЦݣĬȻûйеϣ
ǰһĬķȥ׮ɲһˣʶ׮һ·
Ĭ΢΢Ҳ˹ȥȭһ񣬡׮ʦ֡ʶиڸ׮׮˿϶顣
׮΢΢ͷԽĬ˳ۺܶˣϲʦ˳аһ
Ĭ΢΢ͷл׮ʦ֣֮ǾӢѾԻ֮ǰԵ˫ԾǺֵܵӡ
Ĭ׮аԵͷʦܼǵþͺã֮ʦֻҪ鷳ʦܵĵطˡ׮жĬʵ˽һ˽⣬Խᶨ֮ǰ뷨
ˣ
ĬлǺϲ׮ֵֻҪԼܹæĵطĬȻƴǡֻҪʦһ仰ĬȻ
Ĭ׮ٶ˵ʲôѾˡ
ȻǻΪּºĬ½ּڻʱˣҲǻ˲ϣĿϬشɨȥɲĬ
һѾ˴µĲ룬ǰһּģʿǽʲô
֮һ˵鶼ȫһˣ橿ǻΪ谮Сһ̫ԱȵġæŻһôܹˣĬɲλСˣȻǿá
ǻ蹫ӽ
ܵ橶ĬĲͬһʱ䣬Ĭĳƺıˡ
ĬĿҲһ˿⣬ʶͻ֮⣬ȻٰϵĻ橣֮ͺͻʼûʲôǣˡڻôּ빬ʥ
ҲǾЩʱĬǰһһҾҾĬ
ǿͷϵټȻҲڻǰĬÿصͷɫشһĬȻǱǳֲû޵СҲƲסϲ϶Էˡ
΢΢ͷ蹫ӣۼҷ֮蹫ӽ
Ͱ׵ģȫ֮ǰڹŵˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷлִûκ鷸Ƶ飬ȻҲõ̫ࡣãĬּھҪȥʥ𣡡
ͷǣ蹫Ӻۼһ˰ɡ
һϲɻһĨССϲǰһĬ磬Һһɣ
Ĭ΢΢üϲ͹ǣʲôϵƺҲЩˡǻΪ谮ŮлڣӦҲ΢һ㡣
ţã橹һɡ
Ȼǲ˵ʲôͬĻΪϵĸȻҲѾµһŻ橶Ĭ̶ȣλܿͻСү˰ɡ
Ĭһơ
Ĭҡҡͷһ¡ղոӮñûüİҹ˵һ仰˲Ϣ䣬Ҳܿ϶Լʲô顣
ߵİҹߣҹлл㣡
İҹվԭأĬˮ΢΢֮Ҫ˵ôȥɣڿջ㡣
İҹ⻰Ĭô˲һҲǰ΢΢ͷãңͷ˵


235 ͢ʢ磬ʹߣ2
ò˵Ĭİҹֹ֮ϵǽлҲĽѣܾ֮ĸǱ˶岻ȥġһܿҲôˣĬܿͻԼˡ
뵽֮ǰ϶Ի橵ĳŵֻҪĿĬĲܣUNѹҲʲôᵱڴͻ飬Ż橺ĬĻ¡
Ĭͻ˲ڱ˶ûע⵽ʱĬתͷ橣橹֪Ϊλϻҽ𣡡ܾ׮黹Ǻͻϲϵ
һĬƵĿ⣬ɲǼһŰƴС˲ǺһƬƲȥĬ˵Ĭ磬Լ֪ˣӦǸʷҪټɡ
ЩҲǲ˵ڡ
ĬҲҪӻߴʲôõϢԱĿ񣬵Ȼܻ֪ġ
£ϾĵϢټ蹫ӽȥһ°ɡŻ橱ϹϾ˵
Ĭʹֹɭϣȷһȥ
λҲͦ׵ˣôһڻǰϥ˵橣Ƚȥõġ
Ĳ鲻ԸصͷҲǲԼҸеǴʲô⣬ȻҪһš
ĵֻܰڸλϵĵĿ΢΢ͷϵۣƺûע⵽ĬĽš
Ĭ񣬡ĬݼϣꡣûлϵĬҲվֱֻܱڰ̳ɵĵذϡ
ڿԼֻ˵ǸԼһ
ĬȻķʽԼ̫СԼ˰ɡ
һС£ȫĬоΪѣôعǱߣĬ˵˿óŻƺ֮Ҳûע⵽Լ˼ĬԹԭأĿȴǲɴĻ
һʵע⵽ڸλϵλܹԹһСΪܹ໥ǿмԲܺλ
һϣǱߣü΢ʵǺǿȫͷųһϡǾþλ˲Żͷųѹֻ˵
֮ٿĵĲãڵ˵ڳԴסԼõĶõĶ˵͸һֵ͵ݻ
ȵĬﶼ۲˸飬ƺλûע⵽Լһ
ǹһᣬƺγѣĿ䵽Ĭϣвǡô¶һĨȣƺǿĬĴڡ
˵޶ûע⵽ʲôʱġڸղĬʱ򣬻Ҳڴǰꡣ
ǻ橿еˣѾ֪жٴδӻ橵Ĭ֣Ϊһͨĸף۰ԼŮȻڻպĹҪúÿһΪһҪԼĹѡһΪʵҲá
ڿĬʱ򣬻ҲѾĬһŵӡ󣬲꣬ղѾ˵ˣĬȻʱаһȻʵҲǲС
ԽˣĬǿϻˡ
ĬӵվϹϾվԭأֱ¶Ե֮顣
ĬǴǹİɣǿɺáҲԹΪҪһ֮һ
Ĭ΢΢ͷһжá
ôһǰĬֻ֮ˡӱϿĬһжòһ㣬ض˻飬ڻȴĬһһЩ鷳
ʱ򣬻ֻһͨΪԼŮµĵĸװˡ
ĬλѧԺһɡ磬нʹ߹ĬһȥνڣҲʲô飬ôĬһȥԿĬķӦ
ĬߵףĬּ
橿ĬӭȥĬ磬ղŸ涼˵ʲô𣡡вɴһĨŨŨĽţ⵽ǹغԼҸȻǲ˵á
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷƺҲû˵ʲôҪɣĬԼûо쵽
͢ʢ磬ʹ߹һȥ
⻰һҲɲŨŨɻȫԼҸʵ׼ʲô΢΢ͷһȥɡӦ׼ĬĻ°ɡ
ϲһõЦݣڿĬʱһ˫۾ᷢһͳͳڻС
ԼұŮĬĶǳ
ȵĬǵʱ򣬴ǶѾĲˣҵԼλ


236 ͢ʢ磬ʹߣ3
ڸλϣԱŵǻʺ翪ʼｻ׻м־ࡣ
еһ룬ҲҪµʱˣλɺɺѧԺаоȻһٻ˵ĵĳɼԽõ˵ۣҪ֪ԭһǿΪ磬Ҷʶʵǿˡ
橾Կ˵Ƿǳ֣ΪΪ谮ĹϾѾһټλѧԺаϲעϻ橵òȫĹע㡣
ʹԹǽ֮׮Ļ׮ϼ֮ĿҲûа취ӻ橵Ųˡ
׮лһĨĿ⣬ţԼζŮˡ֮ǰжԼγʹԹĿģлмֲԸڿ֮еĲԸͳͳΪУʣµֻŨŨ⣬ҲҲȻ橸Ӻõѡˡ
ةĿǿ׮ڿ橵Ŀ⣬оѾ׮ˣɺݺݵһĻҲʡԼ鷳
׮ͷʾ⣬ĻӣҪǴеĿġ
⻰þ׮룬΢΢ͷмǵã橹ȷѵõļˡ
˵׮վ˳ŸλϵĻһһ񣬡׮ԹףԸԻ³ɣǧ׮һֱܻ˵ڽͺܵõϵĳңǱδĴġ
һ˭᲻ϲ˹ףԼأ׮ʱҲ˳˺ܶ࣬ĿлĻӵףԸ֪νԹΪɲŽԹ档
֮׮Ҫ˵ģ׮ĿһĿһۻ橣Ŀû橶һ㼦Ƥһ֮˵ĻһҪġ
һʶս˫ȭʶѰĬİĬںͻ橵λҲһЩ룬ĬҲ֪ԼʲôȫûиӦĻӦ
ҲֻżʵʲôҲˣֻϣĻӲҪ˵ܽܵ
ôԸġ
ĻĿڻǰһϵģ˶ܸ׮档αӺةʹԹһǳҪϣԹܹȫ˵׮Ŀһ˲һ˲ضŻ橣еĺҲѾǳˡ
ĿһǳŻģҪף
ĹҲж⣬ȻȴǲһġҲɱһ࣬׮ȷĻǽΪ谮Ķӣ󻹻ǽĽȻⲢ㹻ûĶ
Ŀװ׮ӣŶ޵Ҳ֪Ļν£вһĨ棬ϣ׮ֹͣĻ
׮Ѿ⣬׷ĵᶨ˵Թһֱͨޣܺõ˹ңҹϣܹԹԸ橹Ը͹ɰ֮ãϵ档
׮ܹΣȻҲԼĹ֮⻰һҲĹϵвͬԹͽ֮ôͻԹͽ֮ĶԲҪĽ
ȻӦˣҲζҪ˻橵ĸ飬ôԼСŮôû橲Զ޵ȥ
橲ɺݺݵս˫ȭȻ˾ǲģҲҪԼ϶Էˡ
ߺߣλĻҲ˼ˣ˵㿴˱橴ǵС֮ˣϯվ˳дһĨŨŨĲмԾǿ׮˼΢΢ҪΪӵҲҪıС
ôԲ֮ԣ׮Ҳɺݺݵس˳ǣδĽϣôܻһأ
ŵģȴԽ׮ϲȻŮ˲Źζ֮ȢȥźöԸЩС֮ΪŮˣӿǲϲģϲǻġ
׮ǹһĨаȵЦݣ橹ЦˣǱȢؽǱӵĻԺһһһ
¶ŨŨ飬ƺǶԻһģȲҪɾ˵ĺ¡
лһĨҲúÿԼǸʲôģҪס
Ǻǣޣֱӻؾ׮ףСŮ ѾһˣﻹװʲôĿⲻ䵽ĬķеĺҲѾǳˡ
׮ϵȻҲÿ۵׻һĨԹǺõúܣеȷˡҲ˿Ӱļƻ
橶Ѿֱӱ׮˽ŮһĻ


237 ףƣ1
ô׾ģ˵ʲôԸ޸νĽĻӡ
ԭĬߣ橶Ӧ׮飬ѹҲǲСˡڻϲûڣȻҲݻ˵⻰
üһǹһĨаȵЦݣתͷĬĬôλĻӺǶ橹ⰡͲģ
ҵʲôĬһ䵽׮ϣܾĪϤУƺЩƵĵط΢΢ü˭λĻӳú𣡡ûоλĻӺ˭ĺ񡣡
ɳ˳ǣҲҺû橲֪Ĭ˼˿Ĳ橰仨⣬ˮ飬ĬĲڻϣǿϧ橹һƬꡣ
㿪ʲôЦλǽĻӣôܻ΢΢ҡͷĬ⻰Ҳ´һ׮һأôһ˵ƺľЩϤ
Ժһ˵Ӱվһ𣬾֮
ȻĬҲ뵽Ǹˣ˼ͬ˵׮ƣ
нһϤ񣬻Ǿ׮ƺ׮ֵĺ׮÷ǳվһ˵ֵҲ˻ỳɡټǵֶôƣôɺϵ顣
һʱ䣬۵Ҳ쳣ҡ
橲ɺݺݵս˫ȭԹܳ谮ĹܻʼҴŴͬʱȻҲӦóеԼΡ ԹͽΪԭսԻΪԹˣҲǻҪĽ
˵ô࣬ĻӿǷǳⱾˣӢֻۣҪܹӮ˱ҾԸ޸㣡ȻҪĻӸҲˣֻҪӮ˱ı䶷Ը޸Է
ҲǻΨһܹ뵽İ취ˡ
׮ҪȢСȻһ׵飬ڱȻ橵ͬʱȴҲû뵽橻ķӦͬףҲͱ¶Լ㣬ȻҲܾԼ
һͣҲҺ׮·ϾѾ׼˶֪ϲǸСҲҲԲܵġȢˡ
˼ƽϣҲ˿¶ƺһǳѵľһ
׮ս˫ȭᶨŻ橵ĿдһĨȻ橹Ҫ׮Ȼܾ橹ǼǵˣֻҪӮЩˣʵʵһؽΪҵĻ
ɺɺս˫ȭĬʵݺݵصͷȻ˵˭Ӯ˱Ҷ޸˵Ż橵ĿĿĬɲڰдԼ⡣
Ĭ΢΢˽ϻڴĿ⣬һ
ɺݺݵصͷʱҪ橺ȲˣҲûܹʱΣ壬뵽ķǻվڻ橵λã˵Ҳ벻İ취ɡ
һĬ䣬ĬξǿˣСͷˣҲ뿴橹޵ȥɣزģ橹ӣӶĺܼɡ
ǾڱĬ֣ѾתĬͽĻ֮Ķ
Ĭ΢΢üûаӮñֻӮ˱ҪȢΪޣΪͷ۵顣
ﻹкܶӢɺɺҳĬһֻܼϣûˣҲòϳˡ
ˣĬûл橰
ͿϧˣĬĲ橱Ȣߡ
Ĭûлش𣬽űһſҲԿ˿ҲǺܸӡ
ǻ橲˵⻰Ҳѡñķʽѡһʵ˳ˮۣ˵ȻĻӺ橹Ѿô˵ˣôͰǵ˼ɡˣ׼أ䣡
һ£ȻкܶϾȥְˡ
ҵĺҲףȥ˺ڴˡ
֮㹻ܶ׼ˡ
ĬдŨŨֹҪ˵ʲôֲ֪˵
Ĭ磬ҡ
ĬһѾµ˻Ҫ˵ĻԵĻǲŻ橲ܣֻЩҲΡ
ϻ橳ӣʶôˣ⻹ǵһοΪѵӣĬлһỊ̃ĵ׻һĨ̾ϢĻ橵ļ򣬡橹̫ڵģһܴ׮ġ
Ĭ⻰֮󣬻еô˲䶼ȫϨһֻʣʧĿƵضĬǶī簡ѵīô橣ҡ
˵ԻҪ˵һЩĻԵ˿ĬѾߵĻȥ˵ڡ#####СȥúãӸһ¡


238 ףƣ2
ľǻ뿪ģվԶԶģܹܵ˿̻еѹĬ˺ˡ
ǰһĿǵܾСҲģ˼Ҷѹ
ĬһתͷöԷЦЦģüһԷνϣᡣ˵ĬҲԸٶʲôת뿪
ظĬһ仰һ۵׻һĨ̾ϢǿϧˡȴҲǲòĬղ⻰˵еڸ˶Էϣ֮ȴǻʧĲ̡
ҹңҶĦɯɯһڿУҫŵطŽɫĹΣȴ޶˸һּȵĸо
ԺƺҶһ㣬ĬһԺ鵭ȻȻĸԼһƣ֮Ա߿ŵľƱµơ
ǴһɯɯһǲԾ΢΢ˡ
βϢһ£ĬѾƣĲ׼𣡡
Ĭ˵ȫûת˼ǰľƱһȣˬڣ졣
׮಻ЦˣȴĽ˳ʦǺˣҾʹˡߵĬǰһߵıѧĬһ
߹׮ȻҲĬ˵ͷֱҲϵľƱǲԾһĨõЦݣʦѾԤϵǻˣȻҲ׼Ʊ
Ĭ΢΢һ˵ҪλʦְѾԻþһʱ䣬ҹɫãúġ
׮׮ֵܶһۣһȻѾ˾ϡ
׮ĬĶ棬΢΢ʦֵ󡣡׮࿪żɽĬӣķʽΪʺϵġ
Ĭ΢΢ͷƺҲѾµ׮ֵδҪ˵飬֮ǰλʦãĬл˳ѧԺѧϰһǾ仰ֻҪĬܹæĵطһΪȻһлҪҵ
ĬӸ˵ĽǶϻǷǳ׮׮ֵܣ⵽ҪҪ˵ݡ
׮Ĭһƣ֮Լ׮һϣٱʦܣȸⱭƣܹӮαĵһѾ˵Լʵֵܲûжٹϵٴףպǰ
¶ǣ˵ʱƺҲ˺ܶǵӡ
׮һֱ飬ӽ֮ûп׮չüģ˼ƽż־⣬Ĭ˵ĬҰ㵱ɺѺֵܣһҲ֪
׮ƶѾô˵ˣĬֹԷ˵һһѹס׮Ƶļ򣬡׮ʦ֣ʲôҪ˵ֱ˵ͺãǰҵֵˣһô˵أ
Ĭ仰׮ҲûôǣĿתתڻ׼׵Ѿˡ׮ѾԼҪѧ»橣һ֮Ҫ¿ɲһ׵顣
ǸԼһƲ˵Ĭ橹׮΢΢˶٣ƺѰһӺ˵ǽĻҪԹĬ㡭
ƺôҲһ˵׮ƵһʹԼȻ˵ˡ
ĬĿ֮ǰʱоѾһ룬׮ϲ橵ģȻҲԼ鷳Ĭ̬ȣʱ֤еĲ²⡣
׮ʦǶ橹ɣ橹׼ףʦȫԲμӡĬһ׮ƳĻôҲԼܶ鷳Խô룬ԽС
Ĭɽס׮Ƶĸ첲ֱǱ׮ƶҪƵĹâ׮ʦ֣ϲ橹;Բܴλᣬ橹ʵһᱻжġ
׮ǲɺݺݵؽ˽ôĬǱҪ˷ܣѵһ㶼橱˸
ѵϲ橹𣡡ĬģԼȥμιıס
ĬһΪʲô˶ԼӦϲء
ʦϲ橹Ӧȥ¸׷ԼҸȨȫȥܱôô˵ңҺ橹֮ĸ鲻ǿĬţ֮ǰһֱϣԼиãڿ橵ʱ룬ŮҵãһᾡԼȥ
Ĭ΢΢˫ȭһ棬ڸ׮ƣԼϲ橣ֻǰѻ橵Լðˡ
ҲҺʱ橲ûĬһȻСŮ˻֪Ҫжġ
׮һͣĿ䵽ĬϣвһĨȣ˵ģ


239 ףƣ3
׮΢΢˳飬ǿ׮ΪһŮ˶ԵŮ鳤ӣһŮ˰ˣôüġһˬһ׮ƵţеϢòãһŮʲôüġ
ѵһ׮Ʋͬ׮Ĺ۵㣬橿ɲһŮˣϲŮˣԼҲ˵
׮Ʋɺݺݵս˫ȭҲŴδеĿ϶ǲһģǲһģĬĲ׼μεı䣡׮Ϊĵ顣
Ĭ΢΢һҪ׮ʦôˣ׮ʦȥμӱ橼޸Ļӵ鷳ôҲȻȻҲϳˡĬȻǰѡȨ׮Ƶϡ
׮һͣʲô׵ĵط
ãˣһμεıΪԼҲΪԼ׮ζŲ»橡
׮ֱ¶˾ģ׮Ȼ֧׮ľٶ
У㲻ȥ̫Σˣ׮಻ս˫ȭ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ôΣգ׮ʦֵʵܹ˵׮ʦˣʦһܹõһӮ˹顣
׮һһ¹׮ϣԽԵ׮ࡣ׮Ŀ⣬׮ҲһӴԴ˫ƲסزƺҲһΪʹѡ񾳵֮С
׮ҲѾ˾̧ͷĿдŨŨļᶨ֪ڵңҲܣڷ¶Ի橵׷󣬾Ժӵ£Ҳ֣͵ǳȫһε԰ɡ
׮ؿ׮࣬ᶨģвһĨ׮ﻹ˵κηĻ׮ҲǱ׮ģˣ̾һȻ㶼Ѿ˺ˣҲ˵ʲôǾͰɡ
ƺҲû뵽׮ྐྵȻʱȻͬԼ׮ϿƲסһĨõЦݣһĨ㵺;ϲǰرס׮ļ
ңҾ֪ˡ
ԼǰֵϷ
Ĭ׮׮ֵôѺõӣе˳ǺĽ
ǽô򵥰ɣʲôҿġĬ΢΢˶٣ƺԼҪôڲźãҽ쿴˽Ļӣ׮׮ʦֳúҶ㻳ǲֵˡ
Ĭ⻰ҲѾǺˣڻ׮ƺ׮֮Ĺϵ
׮һȻĬǸˡ
ʵ㲻ҲѾǷ𣡡׮ĿȻѡĬȻҲ̫Һ׮Ǵӽʹгģ˵׮ǵĵܵܡ
֮ǰĬѾдвµһ㣬׮׿ڳϣ͸Ӽᶨˡ
˵վǰλʦֶǽĻʴݿɾԲһ㰡Ĭǹ˹вһĨζ
˵һ㣬׮ƾ;бǽӣʺӣ˵֮ǽ̫ӣȴ䵽Ľ
ҡҡͷˣʴԸûڻʼҡ׮⻰Ҳ˵ĻϲһĨ̾Ϣ
׮ƣ׮ԴһĨʣҲ˳ֹ׮ƺıԹȻѾڻʼңҪеԼΣһζѡȥӱԼӦеΡ
׮һģȻ׮ֵ֮ܶʱ׮ƶ׮ġ
׮ƻҪ˵ʲô׮಻ͬĿ⣬Ǳ죬˺ˣҲǺĬԹһ£֪ԼϵΣһһ»صǸߵͳͳû
׮ƼվϵսȭֱɼҲŭʮ㡣
мʲôҿ԰æ𣡻˵λʦֿԸԼ˵һ£Ĭһӷ׮ֵܺͽʼ֮Ĺϵ֮ĬѾԤϵ
׮಻ĬǶ˼ֺøУ΢΢ͷȻʦܾ׮˵ǸˡҲĬ׮ǽӣǻʺӣǸг谮Ҳ׮ĸ
Ĭ׮ǵĹ˵ꡣ
ϳҹɫǽΪһŮԼĺӲܲ˵ĵҲкʺ󣬵»ʺزڴ˳ӹ˺󹬵ĴС£ȫͼܿ˻ʺĵλ
ԼĶӣҲ׮ĸӣ׮ȨѬĵģȫŴ˹Ļں󹬹Ȩڻʺ֮ϣǰȻҲĻ߼Ӻʺӵˡ
׮׮İټϴ󳼶ŻʺĵӲܼ̳дͳ׮Ҳôɹֵġ
׮뵽ɥĲֶΣûʺر׮뿪ȥΪʺѰҩԭ֤ӶԻʺһƬ֮ĵʱ򣬾׮׮ҲȻҪΪʺҩ
Ȼ׮Ǹո뿪ʳǣ׮ɱӵĴ̿ͣ׮༰ʱϵ׮һ׮ƶѾһʬˡ


240 ƻıҹ1
Ĭ˵Ĺ£Ҳƽ¼侹Ȼ˶֮ˣĿ䵽׮ƵϣвһĨͬ顣
һ׮Ƶļ򣬡׮ʦЩˣ׼ô
ص㣬Ĭ׮Ƹո뿪ʱֱӴȥܵ˵Ҵ׮ĿڶѾȥˣ׮Ҳɵӣ⼸ʱȫ㹻ڻʳǲԼ׮Ҫ»ȥ͸ˡ
Ĭܹ뵽ģ׮൱Ȼ뵽ˣҲԼΡ
׮˵⼸ǲڻʳǣڿ²Ǻ󹬻ǰѾ׮ĸӸռ˰ɣǲ֪ĸΡҿԲλûжڣҲܷĸ󡣡
׮ǸТ˳Ķӣô棬ֻҪʺϢŻʺﻹϡʺǽˣȻҲԼĵƣǺ󹬵ƿȨˣҲԼıȫ취
׮Ҫ֪ıǹڻʺİΣ
Ĭ΢΢ͷҲ֪ʺﵽʲôԼʺҲýһȷҪôơһҩʦҩϸĵ伮棬ҲӦдһЩβ˵ĵҩ
׮Ϊѵ飬һֱҪǱ빬ȥĸһۣʹ䱸ɭϣҲûа취ʵȴһûᡣ
û᣿
ĬвһĨŨŨɻȻǺ⻰ʲô˼
׮Ŀ滹˵ɣĬλҪæ
¹ش˼õֻб˴˲ܹ˵ȷ˵Ļֻб˴֪Ҳ֪
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾԼѾˡ
ãҴӦˣĬصصͷҲǿ׮ΪټΪ׮ƽ˻ؽûʲô⡣橹ıײɣʻͬҹѡ𣡡
׮һȻѾõ飬ֻҪõõһа취ܣһԡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷã֮Ҳ橹飬ǵġ
׮࿴һһŵĬ΢΢˳飬橹ǶĬһĬ˵ʲôԸΪĬȥ֮Ĭȴȱϯ橹ıףֻ橹ǺĬɡ
ĬһһҪ㣬橹㣬Ĳμεı𣡡
Ĭ϶ĵͷһǾ仰Ȼ׮ʦֻμӣҾͲȥˡĬ϶Բ˵ٻ
ֻ橹Ҫʧˡ
ʱ׮ȴǲ̾ϢһĬˣƫƫòԷϲһȴֻҪǸŮ˶ܲ˰ɡ
ǲ֣ᷢڰǽĺ棬վһСŮˣвȾһĨ⡣ԭжٻϲڴĬ⻰֮еʧʹж
Ů˼ָ׺ݺݵؿǽ棬̦ǽӲǱ۳˼ɫָ׵ĺۼϸָҲѾѪۣǶԷȴһ㶼ûио
ضĬףѵУûаԼĵλȫûҪΪŬһΣֱӾͰ˱ˣôĬƾʲôԼ
Ĭ
Ů˻ɢϢеĺʹ඼ѾΪʵʸС
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ֱվϻʹĿ⣬橣ȻĬҲû뵽ʱվſڵķôղŶ˶ٶ
ǰһҪͻ橽ʲôƺҲûʲôԽ͵ġ橣ҡ
橺ݺݵģҲ֪Լ˶վĬǰһ˫ɫһ˲˲ضĬ㲻׼μӱ׼øǲǣ
˵ŻԹ޵Ŀ⿴׮ƣĬжʹޣžǶ׮ҲŨŨų⡣
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷҲ˼ûа׮ʦֵ˼
ôĻ橣ĬҲһĵСŮ˻ǵʲôɵһ
ǲɹһĨЦݣ֪ЦԼڳЦĬ
ǺǣûУǰûãΪͶҲм橲ɾԼˣԼ֮ǰĬʱ򣬶Ҹ˵ԼľٶᱻԷһȴȫһˡ
ĬǸӺ޵Լ
ԼĬһĬûбֳʲôʱ
ǺǣҴˣһ橲Ӧϲ㣬Ӧ׷㣬ҴеŮˣҶܴ㰡Ϊûң
ĺǱӲ˺һӣѪֱʱȻ޲һ˿ڵûС橲֪Լʲô壬һӺˣȫϣ
ĬɺݺݵüģϻģҲв̡
橣ӡ


241 ƻıҹ2
ӣôʲôӣĬ㲻ϲңһ橴ֻҪ㲻ɣҲҪң橴ƺֻйԼоʹһ㡣
Ŀת׮Ƶϣ˵׮ϲĶԲԣ
ǹ˹ƾʲôΪĬҪˣͻ޸˲ɣ
Ǻǣ׮ǰɣϲң
ǰһߵ׮ƵǰСŮ˽ʱʹһƮݵĺɫɴȹһ紵Խ͹Գ欵ˡŮǹһĨаȵЦݣ˵Ŀ䵽׮Ƶϣͺһ欵Сһ
׮ƲɺһͣϻĿ⣬һӶ֪˵ʲôźˣʶ˵ͷͺܵ˹ƻһǣϲ㣬Һϲˣ橹һᣬһչ㣬ػһӡ
׮ƺܾ֮ǰҪԻ˵Ļھһûᣬֱӿڱס
橲Цˣ޵ĺ촽˵ˮϲңϲңСŮ˷ЦҲ֪ĺܸ˻ʲô۾ɬƺˮۿеƤط˳Ʈɢ΢С
ɣʵ橻ϲģûĬȻǸ˵Ļ橣ǻΪ谮橹
ĬŻĶ΢΢üв һĨϧ
˵ĬҪ˺˭һǻ橣˵СŮˡ
橹Ĭʶز˫ҪοԷƺѾµĬ뷨һһĬ֣һݣʳָָĬ΢΢ǺǣĬ㿴ϲңкܶϲҲϡˣҲϲˣ
ʱĻ橾ͺ׷ԼϲĶȴûеõֻܰԼϲˡãֻѡм䵽жʧֻԼס
Ĭ΢΢ͷҴ橵С˼á
橶Ĭ۾ѵĬľûʲôԺ˵ǲк޳죬ڿ԰ˡ
Ĭ쵰㣡橺ݺݵƿĬļ򣬴ӻ԰߳˳ȥлһĨŨŨ˱ǱĬ˵ˡ
׮һۣ֪橲ϲԼСŮϲĬһ㶼ģֱ׷Ż橵ӰȥܵĻһ˴ϻʲô顣
СŮ˳ʧҹɫУƺһնԵ
׮Ŀܹڻ橵飬ɿһĬǺġ
橹Ҫˡ
ĬصͷĿͷ¹⡣
紵ϣҶɳɳҲҹԵøӵš
ƺҲʼתˣĬ££Լ·׮ĬῪڵʱĬȴ̾ϢһʹʹǶԱ˴õĽ
עһĽ֣ѳѿʵ¶ѪҲգ˿ܻȬ֮ȥӭõ
ԸߣŲ·Ͳ֪ԼȥȵԼӦʱǰǺɭ֣ǻƽʱͦģǵʱҲɻ
вɸߣʲôĬϲͲϲˣֲԼĴΪʲôҪôĥԼʹܳԼѹ֮⣬ĬֲаۣǺαء

Ů˷һʹļУҹԵԽĿֲտɽдԭѾسȸƺҲǱһļиŵˣһֻֻӳѨ˳
ƺΪ˻Ӧ橵ļһԶһء
ⰵҹ֮ԵΪĿֲ橲ɴһ֮ǰӦԹȺǶѾһԵĿֲ֮顣
СŮɫ԰ףеҪ뿪ʱطԽżԽҲ򣬻˫ֽգô죬ô죬ˣ
״εصţͺһֻʧ˷СһҪ뿪صԽżⷽ򶼴ˡ
׮һŻ橳һ·ĵظĺ档֪ʱ뿴ԼԾͽԼĴڸУֻĺ棬ȷûͺá
Ż橾Ȼ֮ߣⲻ·𣬾׮ԼʱҲҶǰǣӲ˵ǻˡ
վסҪǰˣǣ
׮ҲˣһԾڻ橵ǰɲܿŻ橳¡
ǿˣ׮ƣСŮлһĨâƺѾµһ۵ײһĨʧ䣬ȫ¡
΢΢Դģɽ׮ۣ橵ȵĬȻ䲻Ĭ
橹ǰǣΣգǻȥɡ
ܻʲô뷨ʱ׮ƻǾְȰ˵


242 ƻıҹ3
΢΢ͷţãҲǰˣǻȥɡ
΢΢ͷ׮ƹĵĿ⣬ô˲橵һθоԭ׮Ҳѵһӣ֮ǰֻĬһˣ˶ѾˡȻϾͺһӶһƺܹ˵ˡ
谵¹׮Ƶϣ͹Գ˷ǣ׮ƴԼߣĬ˵˵Ǹ˺ܶ࣬ߴ͵ĸܹһְȫС
Ҫǣ׮ƵУɫͫеӰĶǻ橵Ӱӣ֮Ҳһ
橲һͣǰһߵ׮Ƶߣò˵žҹ׮ƵĳֿԸһּİο
Ǹҹģ橼Կ϶ʱ˭ôֻܵĽҰ⣬ֲû
׮Ҳ֪橵˼پԼϲŮ֮Ҳ޴룬ʶ˵ͷϲһĨΣţҲ㣬ǲǴŵˣԣԲ𡭡
ͷǴ˽һ˵˳ˡԽżԽ飬һϣ׮ҲΡ
ȴǲЦˣϻ׮żӣȴǲɸоӵ׮ƺȤû£û˼첻ҵĻҹƶѾߵɽ֮Ⱥˡ
ѵʱ橾Ȼ˵ЦȴҲǿԿһѾ˺ܶ࣬ȻҲ顣
׮һɣŻģϲһĨɵЦߴսʮ׮ƣڻǰҲһԵЩɵĴкˡ
橹㿪ľͺá׮ҲֻỨˣԼʵжȥҲ޸׮ġ
׮Ʋս˫ȭбƵĹâ׮һɿ֮ˣֵиĬĻ׮ƾΪ˻橵ҸҲѡ˳׮Ͳһˡ
˽׮ӣΪ˼թԲֶŮ鳤֮ˣףǿ˻ϵļֵΪ橱ˡ
׮⻰ҲˣҪŪһ¶Էô֪׮һˣǽĻӣӦþǽĻʵۣҼ޸֮ĸ£ΪΪŮˣ
üһ׮ƺͶԷЦ׮ȴǲסˣɺݺݵüģ橹ҪδΪʳΪŮˣҪĸ𣡡
ʲôԵģѵһ橻䲻λɣһˮһ˲˲ض׮ƣԷ˵һ֣Ż橿ɲŹ׮ơ
ŻԼҲûз֣׮ǰԼȫõֳСӻöԷеˡ
Ȼ⻰䵽׮Ƶȴȫһˣʶս˫ȭһ橹õģ·͵ǰҲֵõġ
׮˸貵ĹâľͺǱǳҪҫۣô˲橾ȻЩŲ۾ˡʱģ˳ԡ
һô˲˽࣬ʶתȥ׮ƵĿ⣬ҾǺ㿪Цأӣʲôһ֮󰡣͵ǰҲҪ
вһĨˡ
׮˵ôãԼôãȴҲĬĿ⡣ĺܺãĬôòϲأ
׮ȴһ棬橾ŮˣҲҲõˡ
Һ棬橹õҪһУ
橵һϷԣȴ׮Ƶ棬˵֮ǰлûô϶һҪ»ع֮ȡԼеһУĻλ˻橵Ŀ϶֮׮Ѿ˾ġ
ĿⲻɿԶɫҹĻŴأƺδһҹһȥӭİ죬Ҳˣʹĺҹ֮ջӭĵĹ
Ҳڴ˵ʲôͬ޸׮Ҳϲ
橵ҲܸңȱģϲģԲ͡
߰ɣ׮ʦ֣лл㣡橶׮ƻ˻֡
ԵĻ׮ϣ·ٳһ㣬ȻߵĿĵأ͸оһ룬Ѿ˻ʳ֮¡
ɺɺ͵͵ӹĬģҲֻ͵͵ȥˡ
׮һͣҪס橣ȱһɡŻ橻֣橹õõһУ
ȵȷҲ橵Ӱ׮ת뿪ǿƲסһĨõЦݣǿŽ˵ദʵҲǲġ
ʳ֮ڣҲһ͵͵ĻʹʱѾˣɫСŮèӯߵʯ̳ɵ·϶κҲһֹˡ


243 飬ҹѱǣ1
橣ôˣ˵ͳԱǰѻҲһǿԱ߻谵Ľ߳ĻӰ
ǻвɺݺݵһؿڣԹһĻ֣ô㰡ôô˻ŵˣ
ҹ£ȻͲᱻŵˣҿӹ㶼϶ûĺ¡һһĨɫʵ룬橶ȻǴĬ߹ɡôҹˣ
橲ɺݺݵس˳ǣҹ⻰˵ôô֡
ȻҪǣƫƫĬؾԼһƬ⣬ҲԼһĻҲûʲô⡣
ߺߣĻô˵Һôù飡΢΢üҲԽ֮顣
ǼĬʱֳ飬һҲ˻⻰
ãȻǼСôзǣȻҲͲĲˡҲż˻橣ڵ٩䡣һҹɫʱ䣬ʱҲˣϢ컹ıףνڣɲôöԸġ
˵ǸĽĻӣо;һ꣬ݺݵҡͷİɣﶼףԹһҪףҲеԼ
ʱ橴ȻСŮ΢΢Сһ˫Ӳǳ˸Ų۾
ȴǲ΢΢üٿôȻģлһֱһҪұСѾͷܵӰ죬ټϻǸŮӣȻӰ쳯Ҷ缸֡
ԹҪùƽСѾͷ;ܷİɡıףҳôʿѵûһ򲻹һĻӣ
һоţֻҪһվͿⳡ鷳Ҳýǵʵ
ⲻиԼĽȻŲ΢΢ȴǲһĨź
֮ǰĬѾ˵ˣ뵽УôЩ˵˭Ӯ˱˵ûжӰˡ
ǲ󲻹˭Ӯ˱ҶҪ޸橲һԷǸͷӣòǲҲҪ޸
ۡ
Ҳɱ橵۷ˣôܻ
ص˵橵ĶͷİɣҾԲ֣ҪȢҳΪޣȻȾҪذɣĲῴԿ
Ѿ˴㣬򲻵ѵʱҲҪϳˡ
橿ֻһĻΪıףЩε˾Ͳһˡ
֮ԻͬⳡףҪԹֵʵףΪ˻橵Ļ£ԻҲһɳΪĸ̨û橵Ļ²⡣
ͨⳡףӿԱȽϳʵĸߵͣ˭ô橵Ĺޱ
Щǻ橲ûпġ
ôû뵽أ橲ǰһȻǺԼλĻʵжѧǽѧԺѧϰʵȻͬ졣
橽§סĸ첲ƽ˼ҵСŮһԼĸ橵ҸǶĻֵˣӮĻ֣Ȼ䲻һ橣
΢ԣŮĳ¶ƴСһ˫͸͸ЦݣǶԻĿ϶ͳݡ
ҲһʼԵøܿɹ󣬶ϻ⣬һҲ˼֡
ҹɫһ㰵ȥ棬ƺŵࡰɯɯ㾲
ƺѾ˯״̬ԺСĬһ˫ۣ䵽ſڵſڵķĿôô˻˯
ѵвκƣζһ㶼Ǹո˯ѵӡ
İҹӰӰ߳һ㲻Ҳû˯
Ĭ΢΢˳飬ⲻû˯ɲİҹһɫҹ£㴩ӣȥ˰ɣȻϤˣ໥٩ûκѹ
ҲֿɿҪҪȥİҹһĿ䵽Ĭϣװ
װ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣һӻûзӦװ˭
ڣСһӲ֪ĸط˳֮׷ıСꡣСŮɺݺݵһӣ˼ҾǽһȲس˳˭㰡
СڸеİҹϢ֮ѾֵҰѵصȻҪİҹ


244 飬ҹѱǣ2
İҹ˫΢΢ſСһ˽İҹĻСԴزİҹĸ첲Ϥģ֪˾ԻİҹС̵ˡ
ĬĿװ˵ĿɲС̣ѾϰС̵Ľлˣİҹг֣Ȼһʱ֮䶼ûзӦ
ҿŶҪԴˣװԵƽʱСһôҡ
ĬС̶İҹǵģ΢΢ҡͷǰһƺϴİҹСȡ֮С̾ͺİҹܡ
ƺǸܵĬеĲˬСشİҹĻ̽СԴĿ䵽ĬϣһԹСצĬ
ĬüһСһڰοԼĿİҹ֮ȫԼˡ˳ӹС̣СǵԴͻȻС̸ԼƺǺʺϣѾòˡ
Ծ΢΢üϵĶôᣬһ̾װװɲҪѧ˰ݣԼıԶˣ»Ұ
СҲĬ⻰˼ǣɲǱѱĹҲֻĬЩεǰŻ¶ȵģСǶĬԼצӣʾеĿ顣
ˣͷĺˣСǲᱻɹСҲҪСƽˣôǰ˳ļһȥûˡ
İҹĿᣬȻͬ졣Ҳ֪ʲôʱһöӣСŵ˿ɿڵζһתǰİҹеĹӸ˹һֻʳСޣһ뻹ĬӦѹӸȥ
ɫĹڿл˷ҷζСģԲǵһδİҹˡ
Сһ˶ĬĻİҹķҡҡβͣģҪжжˡ
ҹʲôӰĬһС̣һĨΣգСһܵĬϢĲȶ֪һίͰ͵һţֻǰצסԼСԴ
С꿴СûϢģҪջԼղŵĻˣ⻹һ˱ƵĴ
С̣վʲôµģ
ĬһסС̵ԴֻСһܲ˴ӱΪ治ãֱţСһ֪ܲܳ԰᲻ж
İҹãİҹжĶøС̣ԺЩĵ˿ô죬ĬҲʱʱ̿̿Сһ
װţԶ֪𣡴ӱΪǲԵģõ˶Ǳ˶˶ҲѹģĬһ
ڽë棬Ĭ׵壬ûĵطýʱҪȻ֪Сһʲô
˵ĬתͷؿС꣬Ŀ㣬ЦЦҲǣԺȥñ˵Ķ
СƲƲ޶˱ǣ𣬲СѾͷǴýĬٻ¶ôı飬ƽʱǺ֡εȻҲĿǣȻҲ
ĬĻӹС̣һһССһһضĬͷʾԼˡ
֪ˣԺһעţСҪϴҲסģСһ档
ţͺãҲΪǺáĬСһﶮµӣҲһˣϵҲǻҪвǡ
ȻǸ˰
İҹѵÿĬȫͬһ棬ú˼ǹ˹ˣĬҲҪˣСһﶼѾˡҲˣװ˱ˡ
İҹС̵ԴƽʱʱҲûιС̣ѾСһﶼѾˡ
ӣ˶װкôİҹСѵһĻǣӣСһջӰСƲסҲ
ѵİҹվС˵û
С̲ɺݺݵصͷ޵ĺܣǺöŲ˵ⲻδĶҲûʲô⡣
ҲҺСûжĬֱ˵⻰ȻĬҪúýѵһСһﲻɡ
С̿ضĬĿ⣬ǲ鲻Ը˵ˣ˼֪ˣԺ󲻻ˡ
⻰һֵİҹˣСһﾹȻ˵ˡ
װ˵ˡİҹлһĨ⣬ǳС̵ԶѾԿСһδɹ
ĬҲû뵽ʱС̻ˡ֮ǰСѾ˵ˣֻǱĬ׼ǰڣܾ֮öûСһ￪ڣξȻİҹǰ˵
ҹСǺϲ㡣Ĭ䵽İҹϣ΢΢ûС̵˼


245 ҹѱǣ3
⻰İҹ鵹Ҳǲص˵С̵ԴһǵСһûİýȺ˶װȥİҹΪĬġ
Ĭһ˯˾ͷҪжľжġ
ãô˵ˣھ͹ȥ
Сһк飬ôܹ
ңҲһȥСѾͷǰ㶼вӣһʱ˹
СҲɻŨŨĹâȻ֮ҪҲȤʮ㣬һֻǣᣬɱ͵ѪҺʱĬߣֻǲˣҲЩġ
ټƽʱİҹιС̵ĸֺöԶǴٽС̿ٳɳʵĺöȻСһҲֱӰİҹҲԼһ
ĬһԼٶȳŽֵķȥٶһһ죬ͺڱһСǾβٶռƣڴȻ뱻Եˣһǰٶ¡ǾȻҪϲĬİҹˡ
СشŴСǰźŵߣСѾͷԹһˣٶԽԽˣҶҪϲˣ
Ĭ΢΢Ҫ϶ЦЦԺҲҪǿȻԺװҪǿˣϴҲ顣
СһȻĬ⻰ѽѽϴ£ԺұͺãС𣬾ôСӾȻҪС꣬˰ˣԺװҪˣ
ǱС̸ůˣĬһůãԺǱңұǾͺáʵܶʱ򣬲С껹С̣ǶԼ޳裬ԼļˣѣĬԸǳ躢һǡ
İҹһ֮໥ףвһĨâҲᱣǵġһǼɡ
໡
Զһ˺ѵⰵҹ֮ԵԽˣëȻĸо
Ĭһ࣬ǵ
С̸ܹĺ壬СһҲˣǿǰȥǣΣգСǣԼͬ൱ȻҲ˼ͬ飬ܵܵΣգһʱǰȥ
ʱС̶С걧ţһԾŴȥĬİҹ໥һֱۣӸС̵ĽŲǰķȥ
ԽߣϢĶһ˵ѪζɫĲݵ϶ȾѪҺʺɫ֪浽һôҵĶս
ˣСҲŨŨ࣬˵Ŀ⿴ԶһֻɫĸѪȴԭأһղȻֻǽгġ
վڰǰһŮˣҲ˲ٵˣ˿ڣѪҺٶȣһС԰ײѡΪʧѪ࣬Ѿʧȥ֮ǰľԣվĬһ˶ûע⵽
ŮƵⶢŰǣǼᶨȴǲһĨõЦݣȻֻ֪ҲѾǵʱ򣬲ܻʲô֮ͳ׼õĲ裬Ҳȥҩڣ˸о˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˵Ѫɫ
ɣǽңҲģ
ŮϬĿƵĶŰǣĿľСǣֻҪܹõСҲ˷˽еľҪ֪ڷƬаǣֻѾ֮󣬱һֱ
ȵˣ
һµʱ䣬ϰǷСǣʱĸΪʱ򡣶ųĸϢʱ򣬰СǸ͵ҲԼٲ鷳һУȻǱĸǸ٣ⳡս
ڵǲĸѾƣߣȻǲܷˣֻСǾԼˣ
Ĭһֻɫ̣ԼԼһֻǣͺ䡣뵽һͲöáȫ˲ڵǱֻٽ׮飬֮뿪
ĸвʣǸոճСǣһУ໡
˭˵ǾûиˣĸؿСǣȻһ˫ɫ˸žӨĹʣƺʲô˳
ĸˣ
ĬһᣬĸʹģвһĨϧѹ
СϬצΪᣬܵ裬оǷŲ
ˣǸŮ̫ˣȻĸΪʱ͵ϮҪСǣУҲŮ˵óѣ
˵껹ĬڣСֱӳŮ˵ĺĹȥҪ˺ҲҪװͬͬ⣡
װ
ĬһȣҲС̵Ĺķ֣ջ˽ŲǽСֵ̱ʱˡ


246 ֱ1
İҹȻŵĬ϶жǲϧȻҲÿ˹ĸǶȡСǵ鷢
СҲɱŮյΪŭˣһһС̵ķŮ˽С̴ʹ´࣬ȻҲٷע
ˣǹȥĸǺСǰɣĸڵҲܲáСвһ˿ǡӵҲǺĬһģһñ۸С
Ĭ΢΢ͷС겻˵ĬҲѾˡ
ԼûпҲˣȻˣҲ˵ǰǺԼԵ֡ǹȥɡ
Ĭ˳ĸȥĸĬʱѾע⵽ǣֻԼ̫ˣѾûȥˡ
ĸвһĨ裬ЩҲǳСҪ𷴿ҪƴԼһԼ̣ȻѾûצӵûˡ
ֻܾܵŲ壬СǲƺͿԲĬǷһ
ĬһۣžĸԵıܣʶҪԼĺӡʱΪľﶼ磬⵽ҪжĺģŻĸ֣
㲻Ҫ£ǲ˺ģС˵ҪĸǶǵĿ־С
ĸɵؿС꣬޵ѹһһｻţĸǾȻܹС껰е˼ȻҪȫҲһ׵飬ղžǱˣС꣬ǶȴǱܵųĸо
Ĭһᣬӿڴͳ֮ǰΪСƵĵҩһԶ˺üţǼõҩƶɣĸǵĻָҲźܴĺô
ģǲ˺ĺӡĬԼķʽҪĸеĿ־塣ĸǻ᲻ǣֱӰЩҩǵڵϣЩҩԻϵơǲĺӡ
˵ĬЩ֮˼ĸǱʾԼĳ⡣
ĸǽŽɵؿĬ˳ĵ˵ͷزһŵҩȥȴҲǲȫˣС΢̬ȿԽϧ
һ˲䣬СҲѾö㣬Ĭķ߹лһĨˣҸ㶨Ůˣ
ŶҲ뵽ԼôõỊ̇ⶼѾǰˣʧˡǱ˵ĻŮлôźڿԼľȻС̣
ɫëɫģצӺشδ̴˱ƤȫзӦʱ䣬ѾȥдŨŨĲʺ;ȡ
ôĬС̣
ǲǾ˵ĬС̶Լֵأ
Ҫ˵ϲĬĻҲ˵о˵ĵλеԽǿҡԼϲˣʹĿɲϵ˿ڣʹ
λҪ˵ǶˣĬ֪ĸǳֵ˾Ƕ㣬ȻĻӦҲôֱӰɡ
Ĭ
Ů΢ӺʱȻܹгԼ֣ĬвһĨȵĿ⣬ʶתͷ϶ɫĪ⣬ݺݵüģҲû뵽ȻῴĶɡ
谵¹ڶϣСŮ˲Ұ׵һѪɫûУȥȻһ˿˾ֵζ⻹ĬһμôǱӣӡжһΪԼڵСŮˣƺԲԼÿһչʾڱǰһ
ʱʲôÿͳͳʧˣֻ²԰ա
Ĭɺݺݵüô벻㾹ȻӣҲ˵ղС˵Ǹ͵ϮĸǶСǵĶŮ˾Ƕˣ
ô㣡
ĬһԼôҲǺͶһѧԺѧŶģܲԹۡڶΪʵǲͬ
ĬƵĵҩЧǲһʱ䣬ĸҲѾˣȬĴ룬ҲõԼܱСˡ
СϴѪҺֶ˵һֻСǣվﶼȺǾءټϸղźС̹ǾĸǣĸС̹ȥʾ
໡
໡
ֻ໥ͨ˶ԡ
Ĭ΢΢ɿС̣װֻĸ˵ʲôСԱ룬Ҳõĸǵˡ
ˣֻĸʾлأǾСǣСһĸǺСǣҲɴһĨ׽
Ĭ΢΢ͷÿװĸǴС뿪ɣһĵطȥҪΪվͺá
ãҾȥĸ˵СصصͷĬ˼תĸǡ
Ĭ˼ĸһζĬһ˱ʾлҲѾ˺ܶ࣬תСǱ׼ԼĶѨ뿪
վס洫Ů˼


247 ֱ2
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣Ҳû뵽ʱȻվôղС̿ԵĻ϶ҲǱԷˡĬһбƵĹʣȻȻɱ
СڻСѱ˻𲻺õ˼رһֻ˵̸ǻ˵ע⣬ôñС̵İ취ǳ
Ĭתͷˡ
İҹĬ뵽飬ȻҲѾ뵽ˣǳŶС̵ά飬ҲԲκοܻΣСһس֡
ʲôˣ
ҲҺù˲Ǻܶ࣬СŮˣվԭأĬҲԷǳʲôӡֲץ˷캮һ䣬ֻźʱһٻɱԷ
ĬûϳԷȻѾϳĬ
蹫ӣСŮȻǰĬԼˣʵ֮ǰ˹˲˼룬ѾСŮʶΪĬδˣȻĬ
ڵϵĶ㣬дһĨź͵ģ蹫ӣǼС㣬ǼС㱻ֻǸˣһܷŹֻǣ
԰蹫ӣǼڵӿźܲãҲ˵
ĬһһֱڶߵСѾͷˣĸŵģǶ㻹С̶˵ģĬվ˭ǱߵȻҲѾһĿȻ
΢΢һҷֻĸǺĺӣ
Ҳû뵽Ĭ˵⻰СѾͷԴһĨɻȻǱĬ⻰ŵˡ
ã蹫ǵзѣҼ
ȷӦбŨҵĹâеǸұƺһͻϿһĬʵҲһĶ֡
С֮ǰͲϲˣлһ֪ôŮˣǿˣʲôĬŲأ
ԣ£Ҫɣ
һСҲѾǴ⣬Ϊ˸ղŵĸǱҲԲ׷Źǡ
ߣȻͺɵûдүвգǼʲôƨ˵ģʲôͳˣСվĬǰ棬һҪɼܵӣò׿צӣȻŹǧѷĺûᡣ
İҹĿ΢΢Ĭ߸ŵļСһƺһвģǿʤӣԺܶĬԼϳˣСһ͹ˡ
С⻰ҲһӻˣҪ֪ö˾Ѿܴʧֻгײܹ΢һܷ֮
ǾҪĹȻ󲻻Źģ
żΣǽ˶㣬պԲùȻΪ˶㱨
Сһ󣬾˵ôôϤߣҵʲôһƵطʲô˲Ҫֱӳү㰡
СվԱߣǲɺݺݵس˳飬˭̸СЩôȥôţϲβС
úãʲôͳ㣬͹Ÿͷ
Сһһһţǰ˸ðƫƫûƢ
СѾͷȻ׽ⳡս⣬Щ˾ȻŶˣȻҲûʲôѹסĬһˡ˶һۣӱ˴˵жŨŨϾһսֻӮ䣬ǻҪ㡣
Ǿͺƴˣ
ϵıͳС̶ȥȻöԸľֻǣһֻС̣ѵ˵ܶԸɣ
СС̵ǴشװΪᣬôܻͨˣ͹С̵ֵĹ߰ˡ
֮䣬±˶֪ôģɫѪȫƲסһسӿСһצӱȫûдȥĿԡ
СһվڵĬߣղ׺ݵƺͲԼһ޹ĿĬһҪѰҳСһ˸ƵĹʣˣ㿴װúòãҰǸˡ
ȫѴ֮һצȥ˾ûˡ
ĬҲɶС̵ɱ½µۣ֮ǰǶ̫ССˡ΢΢ͷ¶϶ı飬ſ˫С̻⣬ĬĻУĬĸúߺ˼໡
ʱСﻹһ֮ǰĿ񱩣˳ľһֻѾȫѱȮһҲѹ֮ǰСѾͷʵ
ԣǼװĺܺã
Ĭ˿Ŀ佱Сͷϵëò˵ָлǺܲȫƲסҪࡣ
ҲҺСҲųĬĸ


248 ֱ3
İҹһڲԶĶ㣬Ů˲Ǹ鷳Ĭ׼ôǸŮˡ
Ĭ˳İҹķȥȻǿ˶ӰСŮ˹¶ƺ֮ǰѾ˻ԡǲǾ˵㲢֪ղŷʲô顣
һҲ˼ԼӦô㡣
ŹǻᵣŮѾ֮ǰС̵ĳ֣Ӱ죬ǾôǴ֮ǰСѾ˶㣬ĬҲɲһ˿̡Ͼʶһ飬мֲ̡
㲻ģҿ԰㡣İҹĿ΢΢һ֣˵ıǰĬ˶㡣
ĬһС˵ȻлûþѵҪô˶
Ҫ
Ĭɺݺݵҡͷ²֣ǿİҹҲУΪԼɱˣĬ
İҹջǰĽŲתͷĬǺΪĬȻֻı⡣ĬдһĨʡ
֪İҹĬ΢΢ҡͷղŶѾԹȥˣȻʲôûпˣӦòʲô顣ôͬһҲɣɡ
Ĭȥ˶ȣȻҲҲֻ뵽ַʽˡ
İҹĿһߵĬߣã߰ɡ
ȻСҲͬĬʱ̫ʴȷԼ鷳ĴڣŮһѱ޾鷳
ˣ׼Ź
ϴǲɵˣղ˲˵𣬷Ůһͺã˵ȻҰ޳߳ԵҲпܣֻ˵Ȼк˾ҲпܡЩͿŮ˵컯ɣǲùˡ
С̳Сҡҡβͣһģͺֻһġ˵껹Ĭˣ˵˵ĶԲԣ
⼸˵Ц뿪ƺղʲô鶼ûзһҲǺ˵ʲô
ڱĲݵϣŮ˿Ʋס΢΢Ҳ֪Լ˶ǿסиָӵĸ飬֪ȷĬѾԶˣǵ
ء
Ĭǻعͷһῴ֮ǰΪѾԹȥĶѾ״̬СŮ˵ţûʲôͺ΢һ¶Լоʹޱȡ
ô벻ԼԼˣ͵ϮĸǣĬһ˰ɡ
зŨŨĲʣѵĬУȲһֱζƽĸǺСҪС֮ǷĸǺСǣɱ˳£ѵаԥûС
оʹվҿ԰㣡Ա𣬴ŨŨĳ㿴ӡﻹаӣһ
㲻ɻһ𣬴СǱ˵츳ǱʧĸҲܶ࣬öΪľ
Ȼ˵һһζƽ
Ů˲ɺݺݵս˫ȭҲǷ
㼤ȭϬӣؿǰˣԷŰࡣ㵽ô꣬ǱصĶ󣬻ʶȫһˣʱȫ¶ơ
СŮǹ˹ü¶һĨÿ欣ʱͺѪѪһȥֲֿĸо㻹ǻԼص㣬ܺõĿ˵֮ͬġ
λӵǺηʥȻѾβ¶Ŀ
ŮĿһ˲˲شǰˣƺҪ֪ԷʲôһȻĪϤУ֪Լһмˣһʱô벻
һĿ˵ǻָĲˣҪһ׷ϣҲһףҾһ仰Ҫҿ԰㣡дŨŨĹƻζʶ΢ᶨһˣѾԷƻȥ˰ɡ
΢΢һ㶣Լ˼ƾȻЧˡ֮ǰѾʧܹöΣҲûôܽˡ
Ҫʲôʲô
Ƕ㣬ôһʱ䣬ѾӦϬ⿴ˣпʼԷĿģӦȥӦԡϴûѵͣһ˱ȻԼϿ˿õļֵȻҲְ


249 ԼټУ1
˲ЦˣĿ䵽ϣƺŮ˵ļֵĨЦҲɸˣƺЦ㡣Ǻǣãӣʲôֵ̰ͼġ
⻰Ҫж̶ж̶ƫƫ㾹ȻһʱҲɡŮһֱԼһҪˣȻʵϲǣõļֵûС
лŨŨĲģŵ˫ָ԰ף˵Ŀ⣬㶼֪ˣҪҶҾҲͬģҲһ˰ˡ
⻰˲üģ¶ŨŨĲȻѾˣҪúȥҲΪһ顣˵˴ͳһҩܶͬͬ⣬ǿСŮȥ
ҩڼȫзӦʱ䣬һҩѾ⿪ʲôʣˡŮвһĨǣݺݵصˣ㵽׸ҳʲô
Ż
ƴҪҩŻ޲һŰƴСǵͨ죬ȴһЧûСô׾³ĵҩ
ð׷ˣڵҩѾڽڣܻµĳ˵ˣѵһŵҩ˳ڶǲһĨаЦŶģƺú˼
һ䣬ߺ޵ضˣ㵽Ҫʲô
һҲû뵽ᶫ㾹ȻôķӦһ㿪ĹǱŮ˳ָ
֮ǰѾ׼õĵҩϿȥȷأȴѾǺ˺ܶ࣬Ǿôʱ䣬ȻҲѾָ˲
ԭͲҪĹˣ֪ǶԷĶ֣ҪԷǺηʥͷβĶȻԼʶˣȻҲŲȻԷݡ֪ԽţԽ˿ƲסҪȥƿɴȥࡣ
뷢һУⲻ˳˵֣΢΢Ϥףô㣡
ǺǣԾңܾ𣡡ȻѾСŮ˿ԼݣѫҲûʲôڵĵطˣϴһĨаȵЦݡһԾһѹסļ٬Ů˵°ֻͣǱҵòסˣ
лһĨаȴǲһĨŨŨľ衣
ʦ֣ںҿЦˣ֪ʦôҹˣֻ˵ʵǿʦҵգԲҹᣡ
ҲֱӰѶѫղŵ٩ԼĻظ˼ңһλʦֲڱˡ
ѫһƺҲû뵽˵⻰˳Ů˵Ļ˵԰ǿ˶ʦõգʦҲԸʹ˴ң˵§Ŷĸ첲ԽȫѵĿԡ
ȻѾ˶Էݣһᶫзǲˡ
ʦ֣˵أ
סѫĲӣղŷһѾһᶫҲǼΪԽŶѫάվơŮ԰׵СϴһĨ̬ĺΣһ㶫ѫҲûע⵽
СŮڶѫĶߴһʪĺھ࣬ſƺȻǸСһһ˫СֹŶѫĲӣ޵ĥš
ѫĿһһסС֣СŮȫöԷԼĻҶ
ˣѾʦõ˼ˡ
Ϊ
вɻһĨʣԼ˼һʧЧˣֱҪɶѫǲǸˡôһ˶п˵ϣȻһ㷴ӦûС
ȻѫҲһöԸˡ
ˣʦʦˣûҪʦְæˡǽεεڶСŮ˿ǾְѫңȻѫͺһѾ붨ϺУǲʲôӦ
ȥֻĸǣ˲κһϾ
ĿһԭǳĸǺСģƺҲܹˡвһĨĬҲ뵽֮ǰɹĸǺСһǻҪ䵽ѫϣıˡ
ãʹȥĸẠ̊́
Ŀһǿһڶѫǰ·˾ǿĸǺСǣзǿһ
ѫڶĺ棬һǰȥ֮ǰѾ̽˺ܶĸǵ䣬ѨĻҲǷǳһ·ǼΪȫûжĴ·ԲҵĸǺСǵ䡣
˼ӵʱ䣬ĽŲʼȻĿĵؾڲԶ
ŮһǰĸǺСڵĵطҲ㣬ûʲôˣȻʦֵɹʦþĺϢˡ
֮ǰѾ˶Сǵ죬ֻҪԼܹסѾõĽˡ


250 ԼټУ2
ѫĿһѾǳƣĶ㣬˵ͷãվҳ
úãȥɣҾܵġɵصͷģҲöѫ˼֣Ҫľ
һת˽ȥһȻɵɵվ˳лȻҪһʱܡ֮ѫҪߣ˲ǡ
ȷҲѫǲһõЦݣߺߣҪסС㣬ɲôסΪɵһŲƭңΪô׾ˣ
һһ۶ѫ뿪ķܲշͷĸǾͿԼ컯ˡղûпĻĬǸͷĸι˲ٵҩĸѾ˴ˣѫǲֻĸǵĶֻһء
ಽسǵķȥѾԼɲ뱻˸׷ˡ̫ΣգˣȻҪҸĵطȥ˲źá
ǺǣʦãҪȥ
㲻ɻһǽԭأĿ䵽ԭѾѨ֮еˣһôͻȻ
֪㲻ô׺շģȻúõվԭصԼѫûľͽȥСŮеѾԼ֮ͻȻǳ˶ǰ
ôʦô뿪
϶ѫЦЦ񣬶㲻ɺݺݵس˳ǣﻹʲô׵ģ˾ǹġ
кݺݵ̾һڶѫˣ̯̯֣һ棬ʦⲻǸ̽̽·΢طϢһ£أ⻰˵ľǶԼš
ѫҲҴСŮˣһðɣҾ͵˰ɣҿΣգʦˣ绹Ǻһͬȥɡ
һǧһҪɣǶ϶ѫ֮ʲô˵ֻʵĵͷðɣһǺʦһȥɣҲи飬㻹Ҫʦչˡ
ȻԲʦΣա
ѫŶѨûа취ˡ
㿴ǰĸǣ㲻ѹֻĸȻҲ˽ţɲʱĸǡ
ѫ΢΢ͷʾ˽⣬һתȶ㷴ӦŮ˵Ѩʦίһˡ
ڶҪɱ˶ѫ˼ˣݺݵصŶѫҪˣԼѨã˵˵ˣֻܷšʧȥƵĸоֱ͸ˡ
⿪ҵѨ
к飬ʱֽܹ⿪ԼѨƺֻĽҰ˻Լеĺˡ
ѫһΪȷȻĶս˵СŮˣǺܺĵİѶصԱߵĲݴ֮Сһ㣬ҲֵСŮ˵Ѩ
ԹҺܿͻˣ
˵겻ܶٶĲԸҲѫϸڶѫѾȥսĸˡ
ߴɱĸ໡
СǸܵĸ׵ΣգСƲסòǾûôõĬѾ뿪Ȼǲܻعˡ
Ǻǣ󣬹ԹԾܣһ
ѫһ䣬ĳʣ¹˸Ĺâϲκα飬Ũҵɱɱ⡣
໡
ĸôܻ׽ԼĺӣҲҪסǵİΣצŶѫȥһ˫ĿдһĨ;˭˵Ͳи飡
ѫֹȫԷʲôӦĵطһһǽһ𣬾ġ
ƴҪԼ취忪ѨʲôֻܸоѫĸǽֵƺԽԽңԶѫʵǿҪԸһֱҰǣһһͷܲԼӵĸǾͲô׵ˡ
ʣµʱ䲻࣬һҪŶѫ֮ǰĿȨȻԽǽţͷѾʼðϸǾԽҲ·忪Ѩ
ɶ񣬶ѫѨķʽȻһ˲һͨ忪Ѩķʽȫá
Ļӣˣ
岻ܿƣͺǷĸӦʱͱΪ㲻ɻһȻˡϵĽֻ
ڶ˵ȴǼΪġ
׮һзԴ׽֮ɢ֪ߵ벻ʱȻ
˵ʱ׮Ҳ¹֮ڲݴ֮еŮˡ


251 ײһ1
׮ɺһͣȻ֪侹Ȼ˷޾ŮˣСŮһɫҹ£ԭͷϵͷΪ֮ǰҵĴȫɢȥҵС
СŮڲݴ֮Уһģɫҹ֮ǰСһצȥѾӣ¶ɫл£Өˮ۵Ƥ¹ԵΪҫˡ
׮ɸоԼǲ˲СĴ칬е䷲СŮ
мˣһЦ˳ǣЦ˹̾һĿ⽺ڶߣҲŲ۾ˣȫǱסһ˦һ¸첲⡣
𱣻׮ĻĿ͵͵һǱߵĶ㣬ȷŮǱ˸ѨȻǲܻ׮ʲôΣաĿһ׮ߵȫ˵Ѿ׮˼ߣĻӵ˲ǡ
һԼͽ˲ɣ
ѾѶѫ˰˰ٴζĵѨҲһ㷴֮ûУƫƫҶţԷ׶
Ҫȣǳڵֻǡźߺߡ֪ʱ򷢳Ǹջġ
׮һеѾǰСŮ˸ˣ޲Ͼ¥ǰʧСŮЦһСŮںбⲻˣ
׮ȫԼеа磬ֻĽҰ⣬ܹ˵ļˣһǰŵԵ֣
ȫµĺëкһǧһ鲻ҪȴȻ޼¡
ѫʱ򵽵ȥˣҪֵͽӸᱡˣ
ʱ򣬶ǾöѫеôˣȻõ϶ԷʱƫƫͲߣûҲȫ޲
׮СشӲݴر𶫷㣬Ҳ֪뵽ʲôϲɹһĨаȵЦݣջԭҪ˵֣һѵԼ¸ڶϣȫס˶ԷףԷͿˡ
ֻԼǰһʲôˣһţָоֱ͸ˡͽӵҪʲô
ţŮƴһ䵽׮ȴγһ
һѱ𶫷㣬вɹһĨhuiЦݣ޲þϾͰǰСŮ˸͵ˡҰ⽻սĸоһֱ̼
϶գ׮ҲɵӣŮ˾Ȼʱ˸ӡѨȻʵҲȻǲġ
ʲôСŮ׮ôڱ˲Ըַ˶ԷѱºŮ˲Լƴ·סŮ˵۾ȻҲͿԺҪҲûеط
׮թ֮
һ˱ԷڻԶ˱ĵطϵζŨصľбܵĲһų⣬θһθ޲ðеĶ³һ
İ˵Ŀ֮⣬Ҳûĸо
СŮ˷سڱסѨʱҲѾܻ᲻˺Լֻ˵Ľ¡ȻѫסѨֻܹͨ⿪ԼͳƲˣŶסѨԽˡ
Ҳɾˣѵһ׾Ȼֲֵ֪˭ϣŮһʹǼģʲôǴۿ˳֪ĽԸղžĬУҲñ˸ǿ
Ȼھɱ
ˣôأ⿴ŶҸеʹˣ
׮Ƶڶ𣬸źɫĲϣȫԷòֻܱܸоԷӦһ߸߿ģ֮ʲôˣ׮ĿŮԽ¡
Ҫƽʱʱ򣬶һСŮˣĬŮļأҲı䲻СŮ˵ʵʱеĿ־Ѿռһ顣ٶƺС˼û˿ô
׮һظСŮСҲճ˶ĵ飬ʱȴʲôϧ֮飬ӹһĨıŰҪݺݵռСŮˣ
ǿԶһεĲݴԣƺƽʱʱĲݶ⣬ʱȻǲʲôˣΣ˭Ҳ뵽˻ʲô顣
ˣ
׮ǰһµĲҲǼӿ˼ѾȲҪͷĵ׵飬ŶҵıҪˣ
һʲôĺڰ£֫кͿ־԰˸ѹ


252 ײһ2
оԼⶪһѵ棬ԭˣôһӣ˿ھ¿ѣɢһۡҪУȴʲôʹࡣ
׮ѾƲסԼĵ׵޲ΪǣضԼŮˣ໡ʳҪѹ𣬿ǱǲܵģȵĺСܱյĿռԽһҲͳͳٵ
ⱾѵĵݶѣʱȴγһȻϣܹ˵Ŀռ䣬׮һԼϵ·ʱ˿٣ƺѾ֪ٱһ
·ĦĵǸѾƺһͻֱӱѿһƲס΢΢ڰޱߵ磬ͺһֻεִӵץס˫ţҪֲĵ
Ůһ嶼һһѵĵݶϸעĻȫῴﾹȻһˡ
˶Ҳȼ˰ɣˣ
huiڶ𣬶еҪƿһˣԽżȴǻһ̲࣬ȫûеֿӲ˵ڻѨһˡ
Ů߳ϸŮ˶еķҷԽ׮
׮ѾǿƲסҪݺݵռĵСŮˣҲûκγɣһƣŮԭѾɿ·ױ˿ϸƤڻ谵¹´һ˵ζʳָ󶯡
໣Ҫ㣡
˵ͺһ˵ĺϮŮ˵ĲΪϸƤϸܵص£޵ҧŶԷϸƤݿŮˡһҪ޴ӣҪܿȴ޿ɱܣĵ־ļ⣬ƺϾҪɡ
׮жܶŮˣȴòϣôŮ˶ȫȲŮøջƤѩ΢һͻۡ
˵ͺһȴǲһֱŰ뷨ϵԽԽأŮµĺۼһɱ̬һȻ
㱻ţһܶͺһľͷһȴȴ׮ĶԽ٣ʱԸ˿һ㣬ַ˵ĥ
ƴ˫ۣҪ˵ģֻҪ㲻ն˵Ѫܵ衣
׮һƺѾµ˶еʹޣܵλԼ¶лĴӳΪѸղŮϵ·µ˼㣬ôŰסŮ˵۾棬׵ĺڰŮ˵ǰʲôˣ
ɶ
ʹޣҪɱ˵鶼ˡ
ˣ㲻ˣܹɾһϵԵҲһԵ֣βúܴ˿̵ã
׮Ҫж಻Ҫж಻ҪģǰĶѾòˣ·ˣֱӰǿŮİһᱡıӦѿ
ıǣϸݵ⻬ƽ̹Сĵط
ܹסе;Բ׮̣Ҫʲô˳Լȥɡ
ƥ˺ѵֻԼһ䣬ӭ
׮һ۵ײһĨŨŨľϲļ˾Ѿѵõľϲˡ
㵽ֻ޾ľٲĳ١
ӣʱ䲻ˡµְһ
Լһʱ䣬׮šһʾ֪ˣһ۵ݶŮˣʱ䲻ˣĻһΡ׮кԼҪʲôȵշ˻橣õλҪʲôŮûС
ʰһԼ·ҲڲݶŮˣת˳ȥ
߰ɡ
û뵽׮Ȼ磬ѵķǸŮ˲ùҪ˵ʲôҿĶ㣬ѾԲµҵµˣĻӵľܹܵġ
ǡ


253 ײһ3
ѫɹշĸǣһͷҲҺҽı滹εδ𡱵Ѫѫ˳Ⱦ·ϲȾһ㳾ȻѪҲġ
ȫʤʱڵĸ˵ܹڶѫ϶һʱ䣬ȻֻĸԻˣոյ̣ĬĵҩǲȫָȫܻǶѫĶ֡
Ҳֻ㵲ҵ·
һ䣬֮䣬ĸҲû˺ͽֱֻĸʱǡѫһĿСǵ޹۾۵ײһĨϧ
ǰһӵϱֻСǷŽ
СһĸѾˣԺ͸ɡҲͷСǱߣʱĳСŮӦҲǵȼ˰ɡ
ѫ֪Լ뿪һʱ䣬ȻⱲ˺Զ޷ֲ˺ۣʹ
һŻֻСצӣĹĵСģҲ֪뵽ʲôϵԽᣬһϲСһɡ
ôţѫܶûвµĲҲǼӿ˼»ص֮ǰŶĵطɺݺݵüȻСŮ˵ӰֻҶѹĺۼ
ȥˣ
ѫһͣҪ֪ԼסѨʶԼַûб˴⿪ѨԼ˸ܻ⿪Ѩںԣ㲻ˡ
֪ôģһĨõԤУˣ
ʶݺݵս˫ȭû㹻ʵҲܸŮ˽⿪ѨҲܻԼ뿪֮ǰ𱣻СŮ˵Ѿͷ᲻ʲô

ѫһ֪ʱ򻹻˹ԸѨСŮ˻пԵֿ񶫷ѫҲֻܼϣڶ㲢ûʲôˣȻҲԭԼ
ˡ
Ǹղһʱ䣬ҲܻѶúԶȥӦûü׷϶Է
ѫСתߣסСǵԴһ¸ղ˵ķ򡣡
һ򶼱ҪĶ࣬ڶѫҲֻСж϶ķ򣬱Ͼôһطһʱ֮Ҳ֪ҪĸطȥѰҡ
СڶѫвҲҲӣСһȻոճⲻСǾʲôɱԼĸףʵ΢ȫ˵Ķ֣Ӳ˵ǸԼĸױˡ
СΣȴҲζ֮ζķ򣬹˹ԴʾӦþǸ
ѫвСǱǳǱȥһӳıһݶѣҵĵݷӿԱߣȻ˾ӡ
һ֪ῴĳѫҲ֪Լ᲻ỹ˿϶߹ȥ
˵ѫһֱߵݶһߣСΪɲ˵
вһĨɣѵҪŶСŮ˸ﲻɡлһĨõζζѫвһĨź͵ġ
Ѿ޽ӽ֮Ȼе㲻ǰȥˣһĨõĸоѾвµʲôҲΪöѫӲǰ
ȻСǿɲ׶ѫⷬ˼ҵŮˣŮˣҲᷢСһỹĸһҪСжŮʲôøоһѵ顣
СԴ໡ϴߴŶѫǰ
ڲݶŮ˻һƣ϶ûһõĵطϺɫǵ㲻ȫֱ˲ֱӡ
Ҳ֪⵽ǹȥ˶ãͺǺܾúܾһΪԼѾˡǲǸа˵ʲôʱ뿪ģЦ¥ļŮ磬ĽҰ⣬˸ǿˣһ߲ûУԷʲôӶ֪
ѫô˲䣬ǻǻصϣһԭԼû
ǶһŮ˵ʧȥΪĵһΣʱҲһĥ
Ҫǵ֣Լڸղַܵʱһ۾ɬɬģǼһˮ
ѫˣȻŮǳĺĿһ
һּԼŮ˾ǰѵݵĺ棬Ųأܷʲô飬Ҫȥԡ
ʦãҹˣ
ѫ˵ʲô˻Ӧ
ԵĻ㲻Ըκ˿Լģ


254 Թޣ1
ѫǰһԼ۾ʲôǰСŮ˾ͺһƲһضڵݶûһõĵطɫƤǵı鲼ȫ
СŮ˵ڸղž˵ĶԴѫôţͲ涫۲ѡʱ򲻹ʲô鶼ûа취ֲԼĹһʲô˺ݺݵסԼĲӣûа취ˡ
㡭
ѫȫȥԼ£סСŮ¶·ܴ󣬿԰Ѷһȫ͸һ϶
Ů˵۾úɫ·סȫκζѫݺݵģʲô˾Ȼôģ̵ֶԸһСŮˡ
Բ𣬶Բˡ
еĶԲ𣬱ǸѾѫûһôԼǰСŮ˺ʧȥһ˶ۡ˵˶㣬ϵĶԽСģСؽ⿪ڶ۾ϵ·
ŮޱϲĿ⣬ô˲䣬ѫоʲôҪĶҪ뿪ԼһûǰԤ֪¼֪Ȼס˶Ѩ
Ů˻ǻûа취Ŀ⵭ؿŶѫлһĨŨŨĳ˵ԲʲôãȫⲻԼܵʹࡣ
ڶʹ޵Լ̰ҪֻСǣҲ䵽³ף㶫ѫסԼѨǸҰǰҲֵסԷַ
⿪ѨԲ𣡡ѫƺ˶Բ֮Ҳ˵Ļˣٵ˶ؿڵλãǽ⿪˷סѨ
š
һʹ˶˺ѿһӲϵһ𣬲·һҲԭģˡ
оôңҪô㣬ҡѫһʱ֮Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
СŮĿһ۶ѫھεģвһĨ˵ٶ඼û塣ĿһҪֻֿ첲ͺѾˣʹҵֶˡ
ɳ𣬾Ƕ㶼ɱԼŵˣȻᷢô
һᶫѫȫǱţȫƲ飬ֶˣҸ㿴Сؼһ¶ĸ첲ⲻã֮󶫷ѫԽʹޣͺһַ˶㣬Ȼֻ첲жˣֶεжô̡
ǸоһĿҵĸ첲ѾˣҪͷʦְҽϡ
ûˣڶֻڶѫѾ޵Ҫڱȴʲô
ѫһĳ۲ѣԸݺݵһ٣Ҫõɱܹ⣬ȻϲСŮȴԽöѫеˡ
ӹ飬Ǻѣһ˳ֺܿͰѶѾʵĸ첲˻ȥ㡭
ѫȫ֪ԼҪ˵ʲôźá
ܵԼĸ첲ܹ¶ָȨˡĿ䵽֮ǰסԼ۾·棬һҵˣһѪܵ衣
ŮƲɵӵĿؿŶѫϷ黹ϣʦֿԱܣҲϣ֪顣
Ů˵ڲô⣬ǶǺѽܣȾԼܲˡ
ѫ΢΢ͷģҾԲκ֪顣ʦ׼ô졣вһĨģӵĶ˰㶼Ų
ȴǲЦˣдһĨΡ
ô죬ɱ
һɱԳڣŮ˳ǵʹޣԵĻҪеˡ
΢΢ӵԼеˣĬϲԼҲܹˡ
ϴ衣
ѫĿһãʹȥ˱ŻһëһСŮþԼƽٶȣǰȥ
˵ļϻվһֻСǣȻǸղŰŶѫ·СǡСһﾪֲѣȫû뵽ͻȻ䶫ѫٶô죬֮ǰ˱ڻﻹûиоڿǾֻཱུ֣ǰצݺݵ§סѫĲӣͺһֻһסѫô
ĿĿ䵽ֻСϣѫѾɹɱĸǶշֻСǰɡ
ʱҲܴŶȥջҺòԶĵطһʺ϶״̬ˡѶںߣתӣǶʦϢȥ𴦿
һƺûд֮ǰľзӦʶס˶ѫ䣬Ҫߣ£
СŮ˳ģκһǶеۣȻѫҲ⡣


255 Թޣ2
ѫضϲӣΪĵʱĵһ¶ĶͷİɣҲߣԱߣҲ뿪ġ
춫㷢飬ѫоԼѴ̣Զʱ˼ֲײᡣ룬ʱСŮҪԼ˵Ҳܾ
ȷѫƭԼŮ΢΢һķſŶԷС֣ǺãҪߡ
Ѿۼ붯ʱˮ΢һϵƣСŮزԼ壬ǾԼһƴŰԼ
ûдҪñ˶Լ˺˺Լ
ʱܹ侲˼֮ԼҪ飬ǶԼЩֲˣȫ⾹ȻԼ
ˣϵѾ޷ı䣬ֻܰ˺͵͡
ŮлһĨ壬ʶս˫ȭݺݵһǿѹסеıŰĵһó޵ӿʼѿؿԼ٣޵ٲ
Ϊʲô˻Ҹ˼䣬Ҷһɣ
ҲǴʱʼҲʼ˿µɱ䡣
ѫڲԶΧоһҪúСŮˣȻⱲӵĲ
Ѿ˺һʱ䣬һûУѫһĨõĸоСŮ˲ʲôɵ°ɡ
ã
˽ŵתӣһҲ˼ɲʲôŮ֮ҪԲöʲôǵΪ
ʦã㲻Ҫ벻ʲôȥ飬ǵʲô鶼ûз㲻һԶ㣡ѫӰвɸӽš
һᶫҲѾ·֮ǰ·ѾȫܴˣȫóΪһƬƬֻϸղŶѫԼۡɵ۴ڶϣɿģͺһС͵˴˵һ
ʦ֣ʲô
СŮԴƵ𣬳ɹֹ˶ѫ׼ȥĽŲѫвһĨϲһת϶ƴСһɣûʲô顣
һû¾ͺá
΢΢һ˵ҲǿɰǵԼʲôɵ²ɡ㲻һŮˣԼЦ
ţû£ʦǻȥɡ
Ů΢΢Դ˵
Ҳ֪ԼӵжôˣСŮµӰڶĿɵ棬ոԡ󻹴ŵˮ治κ·Խ͹Գ˵ġ
СŮˮ¶¶ģͺһֻܾС¹˲ϧ
ѫһǿԼŲ۾ȥǰ˵СŮˣĵĬ˼䣬Ȼ㱻סˡ
˵ͷãȥ
һ·ԣзֻܵܣõ֪
Ѷ͵סĵطѫǱȭǡ
ʦãҲˣúϢɣʲô룬ȵʲôȥˡѫĿ϶ģлһĨŨŨĵġ
ǶѫԼԶʱһ˶һˣӵᣬִӹɢɲʲô˶Ĵ
΢΢ͷ϶ѫϵĿ⣬ҲЦˣлʦֵĹģ׵ģ·Ҫ֮ٻˡ
ѫȻһ·飬΢΢ͷż⴦˾ͺá
֪һʱ䣬һСŮһ˲˲ضıɺݺݵģĴһʹǲɹһĨЦĶѫɡ
ߵСѾͷҲüģȻܾܽȻ￴δĹү
˵С㣬ⲻǶүôô˻վ
ĿҪ˵ʲôǿŶѫͶ˵ģѾСˣȻǿúס
ǲɹһĨЦݣҲ֪ڳԼڳˣȻŶѫԼעӡΪԼСŮˣȻкףԼԺ޸ѫ֮󣬲ܶԷֻԼһŮˡ
ȴǾóȻ翪ţǶԼȴмӣȢ֮ǰΪ˶δޱʾ𾴣ԲʲôŮˡȻҲųһЩĺܺãñ֪
ȻڶѫͱŮ˹ǱһţɸоԼܵصӡ
˵ĿһǱߵŮϻŶѫ·򿴹ȥʲôûдһһŮ棬ôģҲܲµǵʲô
һ䣬תʲôҲûпһ߰ɡ


256 Թޣ3
ߵСѾȫʲô˼ʶݺݵüġС㣬ⲻǶүǸŮˣǾôˣ
ССߣʲô鶼һʱάԼС㡣ǳȻѫΪѾԼС档
ǸŮˣүҲǣһҪĺӣĵȵСˣô飡
ĿлһĨâˣҪ˵ˣǻȥ
֮ǰ鲻ôСߣڿѫͶ֮ľ֮Խˣ˵ʲô뿪Ҳûˡ
ֱص˽СﻹǲС㣬ˣΪʲôȥҴǣСѾͷߵȭͷһȫ
ǿʲô佫ӲӺĿ䵽ԼСŮϣϲһĨЦݡôˣôǰѫ⺢ӻ˰ɣ
һ佫ֱӱΪôţ϶ǺͶѫһˡ
佫УΨһ̫ڲĵŮӣȫƤʵĸ粻һСñ˺ǷģƺûʲôġСŮʱµۣ֪æµȫ˵ʲô
ʱ佫ɾԼԲŮŮĳ̶ԶԶҲԼŬɾڵĳɼ
佫һ񣬡ףôô˻ϢǻҪ糯ϢźáʶҪܿղ佫Ļ⡣
һϣ佫Ҳûע⵽΢΢ͷвһĨģ΢΢ͷɫգ粻ֹΪлǷĲ£㣬ζǺӻˣ˵ĻҲճˡ
þŲµľˣνʹԹϿƺûʲô飬þô򵥡
̾ϢһĿ䵽ϣ뿴ıҲȴеһ׮¡α߾ǲðˡ
һͣԼҸеĵǣײ̫ģҹȻԹǿʢСΪŮҲԼĿ
佫΢΢ҡͷ˵Ĳ飬̾Ϣһ
ֻսһǿǱ߾սʿͰˡΪ϶Ҫ߾һȥֲ֪ãĲϲ㰡ȹѫɣҲһĻ¡
˵֮ǰ佫ἰ黹ãһСѹֲסеĲƽɵ˵Ƕүʵ̫ˣίǼС㡣
С䣡һСҪ˵ĻĿ⣬СĲƽѡѹʲô˵ðɣ͵ʲôû˵ɡִ˵ĸо
þһ֪СάԲֺҿСѾͷСȻ˵⻰ȻΪѫʲô顣
С˵佫ľĻˣܷʲôҸȽϣһϣ佫˶Ҫ̫ˡбСҲΣ
佫ڱС⵨ҲǴʵǲ²졣
վС㣬ҲҪңǴҶϣúãүһиˣС䵱Ȼǵһͬ⡣㿴үЩʲôѵڻҪŲɣ
Сһ뵽֮ǰĻ棬оһڶȫŲ
ǿСôߵģ佫һ䣬ô˵֪˵ӣС֪֪׵ĻǺ׵ġֳ֮ˣ佫Ҫ֪ѫʲô顣
˵ʵʵ֪Ķ˵
佫ǿƵı飬Ѿ˵һУǿˣҪֹҲѾˡ
ؽ֮ǰۿүһŮϹǣ壬øŮϻŶү£⡭
ĻС䶼˼˵ˡ
ĻҲȷҪС˵ˣ佫оѾˣҹһһŮʲôһʶݺݵս˫ȭþŮѵȲʲô治ɲŮˣ
бĹâˣ̫ˣһӿģҪȢףȫ˻飡Уȥ׮£þŮί
һھѾʼ뵽˻ˣɼ佫Ƕ
һʶס佫ĸ첲ף򲻿ɣף佫ǴΪԼ룬ΪӲΪԼԭ˼塣


257 ˻粨
̬䵽佫УȫǱһģһĪԼҹŮжѫˣ᲻˶ֲɡĻþҲòıˡ
֣ʲôҪȥʰˣѵﻹŲɣҪƽʱʱ佫Ǹ˾Ĵ󽫾侲Գ֣ûʲôġ
Ȼһжᷢı䣬Ļ棬佫㶼侲þУԼҹŮõŮӣǻ׹ݶϵģͶѫлԼѾίˡڵãѫȻŮˡ
ҲɺݺݵˣףʲôأҲɱ佫ǺŵԸɬˣһ죬˰ϲϲķϣȻǲ˼ˡ
ҡͷҺͶѫСлԼܹôͰ׮¸˵ġҲΣļﶼǸĸŶŮˣǵҪ顣
ôһ˵佫ʲô׵ģԼҹŮΪ˽ǣѾί˵Ϊ˲ȻףԽô£þо͸᲻ί
˻˻飬ʲô˵ģѵ⽫һҸҪ佫һȻҲѾע⣬Ǳ˵䣬Ҳ£
ڽͷϣ뿪֮ѾʧڴҵС佫ֱ˻飬϶ᱻΪԼǰ׼ңᱳеĵ顣
Ҳ֮ǰѾ˶ѫͶ˲׵ദģʽǵʲôûп뿪
ɺݺݵҡͷǸϧԼΪϧͰԼûа취ԡ
СŮΪüģ˫ס佫ĸ첲ǵԼһ֣佫һֱ뿪ˡ
ףѾˣжǲ࣬ﻹһһ֮ˣǽŮӦеӦóеһС񶫷΢ǻҪ»صȥƱҪǽԺ޸ѫҲ̫ѡ
򶨣ƺ̸۵ľͲǹԼĻ£ѾеĿԶѾһ飬㹻ĵȻô࣬ǴĽǶϿǣȴû顣
ôһ˵佫һҲ侲һвԸϣһȴֲòǵܵ
ҲֻһߣҲң
佫Ŀ䵽ϣһۣ֪Īĸʱĸ׾ȥˣ佫ĺӡ飬þŶ壬˵ô࣬СѾͷĻҵˡ
̾ϢһΪԲ㡣ҲӦø㶨һ¡ԭŶҼҽϣȻί˺ӣǵþǷԼǴشˡ
Ҳһɣ۵ײһĨȻȴҪǿһĨɵЦݡ
΢΢ҡͷҾúܺãĺܺáҲԶԶؿһۣ˵ŮأίԼѫõ飬ǽʱ˻Ҳ١
ãǧҪίԼǼõģƴҲΪıһõδ佫вһĨѾʼΪδʼǡ
Ҳ뵽ǵ佫лûдȥͶ˻飬ֻøԲһЩ˻бҪģҲӰҵةһȴǱŮĻ¸Ϳˡ
ЩһҪúС
ˣʱҲˣ绹橹ıףѾͷҲһȥ֣ÿҹĶɣ佫һЦȻѾ뷨һźͶ˻飬ȻҲҪѡһõķôþһûᡣ
һ죬Ѿʲô΢΢ͷþһ񣬡иˣҲҪ̫ˡ
С뿪һҵİ
˭Ҳֻ֪ᷢʲôһ׵ҹѾ̫飬˵ĳֿʼĹţֻÿߵһεĽ˭Ҳȷ
ȵҲӰþһ̾΢΢ͷɫգƺֻһԵñۣǷ紵ҷġɯɯлһ˿̾Ϣ
ѫͶ˿ջ֪ԼͶĳѾȫȴ޶һĪķĸоܾʲôҪˣȻȴҲܿ϶
ҲѫӰȴǲɹһĨȵЦݣ谵¹ϣǰŮԵΪͻ
Ů΢΢Ц¹ȴԵΪĿֲ䣬ܽ췢ʲô飬ô׷µģܵ裬һ죬ͳͳȥԲκھͲǵһˡ
ѫǵһ֮Ĭһ׼Ź


258 ˣƣ1
ܷʲô飬ҫ۵̫ǻůŴأͽһɫɴ
ǻ橵ѡӣ̨Ѿںˣʥּ֮Ѿв˵볡ΧۣҲ֪橹޸˭
벻橹Ȼķʽѡ˭ʵܱ˹ˣ붼Ǽɫµ˶̨̾ϢһҲǱĳ嵽ˡ
Ա֪һЩ˾ͲɿˣɵΪǻɵΪʲô˶ȢˡҪǽĻҪȢɺɺ˵ʲôַʽϼȻͬ룬ȻҲŹˡ
ݺݵسһҲ⣬Ǿǿ֣ҲúܣôҲܻ޸Լ
Ǿǿҿ˭ôõĸѹ¸Ȣȥ
ڱеĺʱ򲢲ô򵥡
ҵǾǸʲôĻӻǺпܵģǹҸҲ٣Ϳ˭ˣЦ˾ǽӮҡ
橾վڲԶڵµЩ˽ﵱȻ䵽ԼĶУʶݺݵشٽüģвŨŨķ꣬Ŀ⿴̨ķһı
СڻҲкܶˣʲôʱôŵӣҲ橽
蹫һģʱ仹ءСҲֻܳοһ»ˡ
Ĭ𣬻ֲһͣ۵ײһĨˣϵ飬ҲӦˡĬĬ˵ܹ޵ȥõ飬һͲ˾ˡ
һ뵽һ㣬橾ͿƲסһۣ֪ܣǻƲסҪȥ
ţǵžͺá
ƽȻѾӿȫƽЩôŤĲԸΪʵ뷨
ʱ仺ƣȻҲǵ֮ǰ˵ø橱׵ʱ䣬㳡Ѿˣ͵һ֮󣬴һ̨һ¡
ҹӦҪһˣȻϲϱˡĬһأµĲԽԽ죬ģȴİҹԽˬˣһٶȣǷ˽ŲôżʲôôųΪүһʱ䶼ܾϳ
Ĭǳ˳飬Ȼ֪ûۿ̨ϵһҲŲ
ǿɡ
İҹҲûа취ֻܸĬĽŲǰ塣Ҫμӱף
ĬŸ·Ѿ㳡ǺԶеģİҹҲûԷ˵ʲôʶ˵ͷš
֪һ򵥵ġš֣İҹľκˣĬȻϲ˻橡ϲĻȫôż۵׻һĨİâ˫ʶս
һűɽһ׽ıһߣɢˬϢ
Ĭûʲôо;ҪһԼҲѾ̨ߡǿĬϤӰ ԭ̨ߵ˶ʶóһ·
ʵĬѾˣѧԺаһ˳ׯֵ֮ڶѫӮñټ֮ǰҶĿã橶Ĭĸȫǲһġ˵вϲĬ˭š
񿴵ĬһѾֱ϶Ĭǽʤˣʲôӻʲôģͳͳڻ¡
Сǰһǰλ蹫ӸεˣĬ֪ԼСҪжأ
㿴쿴ⲻ蹫ôÿ޸ˣСǼ
СĬʱ򣬻橵ȻҲһʱ俴ĬһвһĨ⣬ָʶսʵĬҲĶԲԣ
Ѿʢ˼һ뵽֮ǰĬ׮ֵܵĶԻһĿһֵİˡ
ôᣬ蹫ӼȻˣôܻ֡
ӻ橳ڴǰ׮ƵĿûдСŮŲСŮеˣڿĬʱĻϲ֮ǽš׮һͣŲµһֱĬ
׮һʵҲ벻ԼܵΪλԻжӣлкܶԶԶȻҪúܶ࣬ƺ׮Ķƫƫǰ˻橡
ʲôأֻҪӮЩˣ橾ˡ׮ĿһһĨ˼߰ɣĬǹˣǹȥǻϡҹ̸ϵһˡ
׮һţ߰ɡ


259 ˣƣ2
Ĭʦܣǵ˰׮һĬǴк
ⲻڿ׮ֵ֮ĬҲһɣ׮Ҳû޸Щ׵ˡ
λʦ֣ĬˡĬ˹ȭ׮׮˴һкĿȴǲ䵽̨֮ϣ˽һ𣬡ڱǽеʲôʱˡ
ǿųϵ龰ĸȻûϳԾ׮ҲûȥʱΪҪĻ񣬵ȵı䡣
Ҳǿˣڻϳ׮вǺܿû橣˭׮ϲأԹܳĹҲ׮ˡ׮˳Ȣ˹ΪޣԻȻҲվߡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷͺãͿ׮ʦֵˡ
Ĭ׮ֵ֮ĶԻİҹ֪ģĬ˵⻰ȻвһĨɻĬҲҪȢΪޣô׮ֵȥ
Ҳİҹǵʱ䣬̨ϽѾʤˡ
ɫ·ѾӮϲ¶ɫˣ΢΢ǺǣҵжӢۺúأҲˣԹҲûˣλ绨Сҵˡ
Ƶ̨ȻѾκ˷У߰˼㡣
⻰һ˲鶼ˣʵ̫ˣӮ˼ųӣ
橲΢΢üһ˵ˣҪΪԼĿǱܵؿĬߣĻֶں϶Ҳ׼ˣڹؼʱȻͦ
ǻ橸ҪĻĬվˣȫûбй
ǺǣҪȢɺɺҲҪǻͬͬˣ֮׮ߵһԾһգ۵ʱվ̨ϣĿһսŵˡ
һ׮źõǸղŵĻ׮׼˵ġĿӭнһ񣬡ǺǣԭǽĻӵôǻӲϣˣ
ɫ䣬ƺȫûб⻰ŭһԸ㣬Ҿ͹ˣҼһӳ֣ŵԵҲװ
һ׮ĵλһȴҲǶԹһƣڱԹ˵ʱҪȢԹȻǽߵ橽ΧʵЩˡ
һʶս˫ȭ֣
СŮиȻ᲻˭ӮⳡԼ˵ǼΪġԵĻ橶ҪԼϳˣ˭Թˣ
ãվסﻹҪϣֻҪúõվ潻־ͺã
ס˻橵ĸ첲΢΢ҡͷ
ϻͬĿ⣬ֻܺݺݵѹڶ֣ѹ
ʱܿ죬ò˵׮ߵȷмֱ죬ڴ֮ǰǸŵ֮Ӯ˺üܶԭҪˢøжȵ˶в˼ȴ
һһ׮ΪǿҲΪһ㣬õ׮Σ׮ɳһ̨ȻҲѾóɱﵡ
һ̨ϵˣ찵һһʵǽһı죬ǵȷǲСһŻʹһɫȻҲǰаźõϳʱˡ
ǺǣλֺùǾֽһ
ȴҷӦ֮ǰͻ˰źõĸҲϳˡ
̨ܿ°ڿһεıѾǼ򵥵ı䣬ӿ˵ԹͽʵİȽϡ
αźõĸ֣ڶսһʱҲôףһкսֻɹʧܣȻľԹ档
̨ϵıԽңһһʽ֮䶼Ѿ˵һ־˵ıһȫŲ۾
Ĭһڿ֮ǰɫѾˣⳡҲô򵥡Ĭε˶ѾˣӾͲ˵׮ˡ
ԻҲѾźһУͿ׮¸Իʰŵָ
ǴӱϿŻƺʤһС
Ĭһòʲôطˣתͷİҹҹ˭ӮҾʲôĻӵҪˡĴһĹǷеˣ˯òǺܺãʱȻеˡ
Ĭɢģ˶ǿһ˷ܣǵĬߣȫһģ
İҹĿͺѾ֪ٱһ˳Ĭĸ첲Լļ
ĬȻԼΪʲôõĵط˳һһԼĵط⣬о֮΢΢۾һֻСèһ
ɲһİҹֻǿһ̨ϵĽܿǰע·ŵĬϡ


260 ˣƣ3
İҹ⻰һҲĬһ̨ͣʵĸ»ǺԵģԽǸ书ʵϾԱȲȥȣѲɶԷʲôвûбֳ
ͲỳİҹжĬʶųϴ򶷵ˣҪҵ˵ĵطƺеϧûҵ
񿴲ҾǻӮĬһôҲǻ֮ҳάĸ֣ܲھô˰ɣȻҲ鲻ס
İҹ˵ֻ΢΢ͷĿ䵽Ĭϣ򶷵Ĭ˼ǿĬǿɰıͲоÿɰвȾŨŨᡣ
ĬİҹôţѾϰˣȻԼİҹ˵Ϊʲô׵ĵط
ģ䵽оȫһ˰
橸ԼҪȥĬôͺǲܿһĬķ򣬿Ĭ˵ؿİҹϣģһֻɢСèӷŮϣһΪŮ˺İҹϵȴĬ
ʱ򲻵òϣĬİҹ֮ĹϵѾ˼򵥵ѹϵһСľͻǲһˡ
橲ɺݺݵս˫ȭǲǾΪİҹĹϵĬûаԼˡͻȻúۣϲһˣֻҪעͬԵоͺãǷŵϣֻͬԣ˶Ҫעš
ǻôã׮ĿƳһĬİҹ˵ദģʽǲɳ˳飬Ҳɻǲж
ҿŻȾҪӮˣĬһѵҵİҹĴʤѾˣǸѾʼƣϣʮ֮ھͻԷ
Ĭ⣬İҹɸоԼͺȫҪȥһǺÿӣ΢΢ֻƳһ̨ϵ龰ԭĬлЩȤ
һл֪˵˵дһĨĪ⡣
ĬҲˣѾע˵Ľôܻı䡣
һߺߣǲǴһΣҾͶĻȻӮǸ磬ǿ˭Ӯ
ڴ˼ȫǼ̨˵ı䣬ѾǼ򵥵ı䣬Ѿ漰ʵıȽϡ˵ĶȻŵĬİҹϾȫӣһᾹȻйġ
ȻֻҪĬĻİҹŶԷ΢΢ͷá۵׻һĨâһҪ˴ӦԷһ
Ĭ϶ԼһӮȻҲᵣĺͱ˴ģʶ˵ͷѽľͶġİҹҲûиоʲôõġ
׮ڸоĬİҹԲǺദʽ֮󣬾ͻʶ˼עǵϡԽԽëëģҪе㿴ˡ
Ҳһʱ䣬̨ϵͻȻתһͷųһֲֿϢ˲ʹѹ˻ȣȻһͻˣ
Ҫ˵ΪȵһҪ˵ǻˣѾǿ϶ӮĽ֣˲ʹƵһƣ־Ƶǰʲôֿ
Ȳɺݺݵս˫ȭͻȻͻƵģ֮ǰһֱѹԼʵǶһھΪԼҪӮʱ¶ʵ
ˣñ𣡡һ΢΢һ䣬ȫͲѻȷУһȫκεֿʱ䣬һ˲˸̨
⵽ôʵһ־Ͱ˸ȥˡ
Ĳǻȵһһ棬Ҫ֪˶óǻʼɳˣǾȻǴ򲻹һĻߵ
ʸ߽ף
Ĭһôû뵽Ȼôϳ֮һֱѹԼΪʱĲ֮£ĬҲѾڵʵﵽ˺߽׵ʵѾڽʵȵȻҲǲ˲һǰ㡣
ȷ֮ǰĬԽ׻ʤľԷҲûҪԼΪУ˵̶ܴ˶Է֮ġĬҲܿ϶ڻԼվ̨ϣǲǸ˵Ķ֡
İҹһֱʵҪӹİҹ۾Ҳһ׵顣
һ׮ʵǿˣλҲȫһˣſŵµˣǲɹһĨЦݣȻҶǱһָŵˣ˺ܺõ
һнɻǼǵԼҪ񣬰׮Ӯñ֮Ļӳɹѻ橸Ȣؽ
˭ûеĻĻӾǽʤˣ


261 Σ֮ս1
⻰һҲǷӦˣ˿ɲǴ׮ⳡ̨ӮˣҲͱʾ׮Ӯˡ
޳ܣɺݺݵһԼʵǿñԼɺݺݵս˫ȭ㣡
ûҪȢΪޣǾǳôŵģ̲ԹҲûˡ
һؿһʵȫûаϣȻһ㶼ûаеӣǺǣǻ˭ǶܲǾһϰɡ
Ҫжж񣬷ǲ˷С
̨µҲвʣģһŶԷһϻ᲻ʧ档
ǺǣôˣһǸ߿ǣӣѹ޸ǻӲźáһһǲмЩȫҲȫԼĶ֣һ㹻š
һôﻹʵһвʵүվ̨ΪӭȢ橣ΪԹ棬ñԸˡ
㣡
ֽһ

˲䳡ϾվʮˣһǱ֣ĿݺݵضһףҪʲôսʤ˲źá
𣡡һǲ¶һĨ̵ЦݣǺǣҪһϣʡ֮˷ʱ䣡
վ̨ϵʮѾúܲ˼ˣԶ˵ǴмȥģξȻҲΪһЩԭȥˡ˾Ȼò˵˼
׮վ̨Ϻݺݵս˫ȭһԲû橼޸׮թСˡ
׮˵ʲôһת㣬׮ҲӰһ˳̨ϣ׮㣡
֪׮ƵӣҲܻѹǳŻ橵ţҲҪƴȫԼϲŮˡ
֪ȥ׮һ̾ƺѾһһҲźܶΣʲôҲö˵
սһ
ʮ˺ѹѹһƬΧһһչʱ˭ֵġ
ĬвһĨõԤУʶתͷİҹƺߣв΢ƽһЩ
ҹӮ𣡡дһĨŨŨĵģȻЩܣô˶սһˣ˵ĻԹǶˡ
İҹĿһ̨ϵĴ򶷣ǡ
İҹѺĻ˵꣬ʵͲֻҪͿˣٶ䶼ϲʱҪ
ŮĿһ˲˲ض̨ϵ龰ȻԼĿ
ӿ͹ĬǷǳͬ⻰Ǵ˽˵ĬĲԸ⿴ôͳͳܣǻô죡
šĬɺݺݵս˫ȭü΢УҲԴУȻһʱ䣬ĬѾ˾ģô˶лʤôԼҲòϳˡ
ҲˡĬ΢΢ͷҲòпʼһ⿴˵ʵתͷİҹҹҺΣ
İҹĬѾʳ⻰ȻʾѾˡ
׼ϳ
Ĭ΢΢ͷֻһĿԣҪʱȥͷȻЩĬҲòϳŻ橳¡
ţҲòȥ
ȻܹĬΣİҹлǲˬˡİҹĬǲ˵Ķ֣Ҳ˵׼ֻܿǵ״̬ˡ
⻰΢΢ԭԼӦ˵⻰ȴǲɿˣ蹫Ӻ橹ĹϵһܺãܾҪˡĿתվķвһĨĽ
ȥĽʲôһĽˣĽһ˻ΪȥƴĸŮ˲ڴ飬ҸԼϲҲԼɡ
ĬԵĻһ㶼ϳǿ׮ʦֵİɡ
Ҫ˵õľҪ˵׮ˣлһĨŨŨĲмЩ˾νĸ֣ʵҲˣôΧһһˣ󻹲ˡ
Ǻǣ橹עҪһؽҵĻˡ׮΢΢һʵҲžԵΡ
׮׮̨֮Ŀûд̨ŲвɴһĨȺ͵ģã˻ɱ˵ĹȥԽ࣬ԽǴ򲻹
ɹ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣׮ôһѣҲע⵽һ㣬Խǽӽˣ˴˵Ĺ
ãȻֻ˵ĹˣһĨ񣬾ȻȻ̨ʹֶΣҪж಻Ҫж಻Ҫ
İҹĿ΢һֱɱ˵ʵԽԽǿƵ˵⻰˶ˡ


262 Σ֮ս2
˵ǱȲҲˣǶԷȻʹôյĹͲˡ
ĬһȣСģҪԼᰵǵҪ֪ϰ֮˵ҲǷǳףԽԵ޹ʱɱ˵ϣָоȻܲá
׮иоģ֮ǰŵ̬գ˵̨͵ˣ׺ݲκأȴǷԼϵȴԽԽ٣ԭȻǱ˸ˣлһĨ׺ݡ
Ĭ⻰ʶһʱԲǺӲӲʱȻֻ˱˵棬Լ˵ӵĲ
ô죡
һЩһ뿪ˣ΢΢ϻһĨϧôˣѽҵأ
ôƴԼȻһ㶼⡣
һֲ˾ͺԶһҪô죬ܽӴԷȻͻᱻ˸ǲԷôӮѾ߽һͬһȫûн֡
橲ɺݺݵս˫ȭһС԰ײѣҲ޸ˣõֶӮñ
⻰ȻҲ䵽һĶУһģ橹Ȣ㣬ǼһӣʵʵǽĻɡԹԼ˵ĳŵ˭Ӯ˱ӭȢ橡
ڵҲѾǵΣʱô˶ԸһֱǴ
Ҳ뵽ȻüĽ⻹ôΪֵ⣬ƺԶҲ취һ
Ĭһɱ˵鵱ô˵ߺߣҪúýѵһС
ֹ֪ԼΣ
ԴϴջڻڵǴɫ֮ĬҲѾܾòʹˣþóʱ
׮е⣬βԹͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬Ȣˡ
ˣȻѾûһĶ֣ǻǱɡûʵӣžŻ׮ȻĶ֣Ǳ˲Լӳ֡
ɣ
橲ɺݺݵս˫ȭҪˣЩں׮ȽϵʱͳͳҪˡ
ڻаյͬʱȴҲɺݺݵĿһ˲˲ض׮ݣ˵һĨĳޣ޲ϾѪһ
ˣ
ǿԼ
ԶѾвɱһجΣֻг׳ȥˣܵõƽ
ָ׺ݺݵؿģӡӣһоûУֻĳޡ
⽩Ӳʱ䣬һų̂ϵͳͳȥսپŰ׮ӮñѾ˲ʱ䡣
׮ƣվסׯƱ̨׮һʱס˶ԷסһߵˣԲ׮ʱʲôɵ²СסСҴı
޺޵ҧһŨصѪζ׮ôܹסŮԼϲˣѵҪⱲ޵˸𣡡ſңҡ
˵ʲôſ
ֳһһ֮˽һȻѾ̵˼㡣
Ϻݺݵս˫ȭлһĨ˼ܸĴۣζȫصĹ̫ˡ
˭Ҫս𣡡˵ڴĿ̨µһ
ҶҶϻϵĿ⣬ҲԼȫͲ˵Ķֻ֣Լ͸˰ˡĿ䵽ĬϣĬǻ橿еˣнӳʹԹ飬˵ĬѾΪ橵ˡ
ղŻúĬų̂橿е˾һث֣һ㶼϶Է
ĬûжȻ֪ѾԼΪһثˡĬһ˶þʱվ˳һԾվ̨֮ϡ
ȻûбҪսˣǾĬ㣡
ĬһղŵһۿзһĨŨŨţΪĵطԼɱı죬ԼȫͲˡ
ĬϴŽ˿壬֮ɫ𱣻ҪԼɫ˿ʲôŽɣȫÿҰ
һΪĬѾԼˣѾˣ֪ԼûκοԡⱲӿܾôˣĬվˣ
ŮϿƲסһĨõЦݡ
Ҿ˵蹫ӾԲ㲻ܵģģֻΪһЩ鲻˵ڰˡСҲһĬվˡ
Ȼ˵ĨƲסЦҲѾ˵һС


263 Σ֮ս3
ĬĿ䵽һϣлһĨâȻ˾ƿʼϸĻῴĬһɫĿ𽥳ʵʻ
һûаĬУղЩΧԼУкüʵǱĬҪߵģ󻹲ͳͳԼˡһ͸ԼˣһȻҲǴá
ǺǣСӲ
һһ˲˲ضĬףлһĨаȵĹâģǰĬһֻСᣬϾҪΪԼеʳˡ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣ˻˿ԼôǴشˣϿԼʵȷǱȲˣȻһжһǣ
Ǻǣôɣ
׮һĬһһģһȫûаĬУһ춼ǵˣȻҪͼȥսһ˵ΰˡ
ĬͣҲ֪˭ȴǲʲô飬ֻܰеϣĬϡ
ڴҶĺһѾֻĬ˵ĽǴ˽Թʵ֮ıȽϣĬʧˣôλ橾Ҫ޸αĽĻˡ
ǴҶ뿴Ľ
ĬȶˣռƸߵ㣬ȳһȥϵٶȿһ㶼˶ѾĶٶһУ̫ˣʵΪϵʱٶҲܹȡʤĹؼ
Ĭһ֮ʵĲһǰ㣬һñܿĬĹӭȥ
찡Ǹղž蹫˵˻ɱ˵ôڻӭȥⲻǰԼ͸Է𣡡СĬţɵ˵һ㶼ǵʲô
һȻĬ³ç֮ˣҲȻɵԼ͸ˡղżȻĬȷһ㣬Ҳһ뵽˰취
СŮ˲ɺݺݵս˫ȭڿĮ֮̆ѾˣڷӵĵĬİΣںĽȻҲϣĬܹ˳ӮǸˣҪԼϲƽ¡
İҹǹһĨȻЦݣĬǻһ֣Ҳʲô⡣
ĬȥʱİҹоѾ֪İ취Ҳİҹзĵԭ
һ˷˻棬ҪԼǾͿ˭һˡ
˫ƶĬȻȲһʶ˳վ̨Եƺһֱˤ˳ȥĬȴǲɻһĨЦݣڸո˫ʱ˳ڵɫͷųȥɫѾ˳һĳ˵ĵȥ
ĬɫűܵĸӦܸܿܵ׳󣬸ղһϵȷҲ˲ٵͳͳȼϣ˿ԥسһĵȥ
ԴˣĬȫκεĵطɱʱҲûʱڶԴȻҲ顣Ҳ˵ɻȻĬҲԲַʽԸˡ
Ĭؿڣһ԰׵ӣһǲɹһĨõЦݣǺǣĬѧԺĵһҲ˰ˡҪжžжˡ
ĬһǵѪۣлһĨâǺǣڸǲ̫أмʱ䣬˵ﵽҪõʱ䣬һҪʱ֮ǰͰѶԷʰˣȻ滹вٵ鷳
Ҳû뵽ĬֱڻԸԼһһ䣬Ǻǣ㻹ʵʵɣҪѧԺ㣡˵Ҹˣ㼸ŵҩˣһϣɲһеĴˡ
⻰ĬлһĨŨŨĳҲ򵽲м֮㼢ʵҩģ
һĬ⻰ǰ㶼ûлɣĬԼһҩʦ˾ȻڵҩʦǰԼĵҩⲻӴס˲еΪ
ˣȻ㲻Ҫ͹ȥɣ
һĬ֣ȫõʲôǿ֮Ļ⣬ֻҪﵽԼĿĲΪҪģ
ĬһҲѾˣһ߲Ӱؾʹõĳ뻯ȫӰ
׮вһĨŨŨľȣ֮Ǹľ壬Ĭֽˣ
֮ǰĬʱûôѾھֻһţϾͿ˳쾳ˣ
Ĭٶȣֱ˾ÿֲ
һ΢΢һ㶣ƺҲû뵽ĬٶȾȻô죬һʸ߽׵ĸ֣ȻһⲻڴԼ棬вɻһĨգôɣ
֮ǰŪĬһжˡ
Ĭ磬Сģ


264 ˸1
ڻ橴⻰ʱ˵ĿⶼɽסһĶʶס˺ȫҿᷢ龰ŶԷļƶ֪˵˶УҲаɡ
ȻĬȴվԭأһҲؿŶԷųѵĬղűˣѾûа취Ųֻ˵Ǳɵ˲ɣ
ǻ橵һ̨²˶޲óȥĬŲܿ˵Ĺ
һúãһжˣҪ˵ڳҲ׮Ϊˣа۵ļһﶼˣˡ
Ĭ˵ǱɵԼ㣬һʱ䣬ҲӦǲˡǿƲסһĨаȵЦݣֻĬˣ
ǰƺһ׹е˶ûпղĬʲôƺһҫ۵İ׹⣬֮ٿԭʱȻҲĬӰͬоɻĻһղҫ۵İ׹ⲻһӻ۾ʲôûпڶѾĬӰ
һһ䣬бܵزһֽŸУʶתȻһжѾˡ
ĬǻһĨаȵЦݣֳƣûκγɣȫһ˲֮һһ˾ͺǶߵķһ˳ȥ
˵һôǱƾ۷ʵȫõĬĹǸҪַһϲһĨ֣Ȼȫʧˣ¸һ飬ҪԼȻһ㷴ӦûУ
ģҪ˵Ǽ򶷣վŶЩˣʹթ
֮⣬һѾҲɣȻԼҲܾͺǱһһһûС
ĬŲһʲôĻᣬǴһƣ˲Ͱ˸̨ˡƵģƺԼûʲô顣
һһֱǱԼʵžԵţԼȻһȫޣͷʲô졣
˱С£Ҫǰָ
Ĭ㻹ѧԺѧ̨ϹȻʹթ㻹Ҫ𣡡һɺݺݵս˫ȭһݣѽҩ
һѾ϶ǸղĬͷų׹ʱǳʱԼ¶ʮɢĶ˼ó
һ⻰׮Ҳ׹ݺݵս˫ȭ˵ĬôܻȵùһԭֱɵֶΡһݣѾֻһ֮ңȴȫĬˣ׮лŹ֡
Ĭ㱰ɣҩ˵׮ȴĿ䵽ԻʵϣϻһĨЦһǺǣԭԹȲ˾ʹĵֶΣǼʶˡ
Ҫûм׮ôҪģ˵ĺԼܹһǳ֮ǰһɱΪͲ˾á
ߣĬôʲôԣ֮֮ˣб͵͵ɱ˵ĹͲĬҩˣбҲð橲Ųܣ˵˭УǾԲ˵Ĭ
Ĭڻ橶ѾƨӸȢˣʱ޵ĵطûС
⻰ȷеˣԾǻҪ˵ĻҪĬƣΪԹĻʵۣô˿ţʱҲ˵е뷨
һĿлһĨĹâ֮ǰҲû˵ҩÿ˶ƾԼı°ˡ̬ҲѾǺԣվĬһˡ
׮һ޵ҪԻԵƫ̻Ҳ޿κΣһݣߣߵת뿪ȻҲǷεı䡣
Ĭվ̨ϣڻᷢĽѾȻɴûжҩ뷨ղһĨ׹ⲻһ۷ˣʵΪڸջľٶ
֣Ĭȫҩϴδӻȡ֮󣬺ڵΪһ壬ǿ˺ܶ࣬һ۷ĸֵھҲò˶ʱ䡣
һɱٳɳˣĬ־ûκĵطһԶ˶Էʮ֮˾ŵһ֮Ҫ»ָ۷Ҳǲܡջʱ˳ڶԷһСҲȥԺһȥ˵Ŀԡ
׮뿪ãҪĬվ̨ϣΨһվ ̨ϵˣôĺҲѾǳˡ
СŮвһĨƵĹʣ
Ĭˡ
аҡͷԼСŮʲôʲô׵ġ
ˣڻʲôҪ̨ս𣡡
Ĭһݺݵس˳ǣѲǱӮң


265 ˸2
ǸղĬľٶʲô취һȷʵǸԹס棬ס橹ټ֮ǰĬѾʵ֤Լʲǫ̂ȥ鷳
Ĭдڴ͵սԼƺҪʧˣûҪ̨˼ɵϵɫҲԽԽѿĲҪӮ
лһĨ⣬ڵҲǲѡүСѾͷеġĬΣԺкܶʱ顣
һ飬ǲѾûҪϳˣû˵Ļ޾ˡ
ĬҲҪˣԼǲСļ˸үڱ˵ǼΪ˵飬ȻŵĬϣȴǰ㶼˲
İҹղŲǽ̫ţĬŲϳĬһεı飬²ɶ
׮в̣׮һֱܶ£ڻϵȷ飬ۿԼϲŮҪˣҪжิӿ֪
ţ
׮һȣ˻ûзӦ֮ʣһԾֱվĬĶ档
Ĭһɣ̨ˣ˭ֻҪԼͺã׮Ŀ⣬Ĭǹ˹׮ʦˡ
׮΢΢ͷҲԷĬҲѾûа취ˡ
׮аĽ橹ѾãĬʦֽһ˵׮ĬһҾʵ֮ǰаʱĬͺ׮й֣ĬӮһ֣Ҫ½ˡ
ڿȻ׮̨սĿһǺݺݵس鴤һ£׮ڸʲôȴҲֹܵ׮Ϊ
ãǽһɡ
Ĭһò˵׮ĳ֣ǻ˲ԼѹȻ˵ʲôҪ䣡
Ӯһ䣬˵ľĬڵ״̬
İҹɫջظղȥĽŲվԭأȻ˼ƽϡ
Ĭ׮˲ʾűԼУȻĴĬֻҪôȻҪɫ׮࣬Ҳñ˷ԼǹġҪ˵ΪүҲһǺͱĴһܻҪܶ࣬Ҳûа취顣
Ĭֻƭ˵ӣ׮֮ǰнҶĿą̃ϵģʲôӣһ
ѾµĬͼǲΪĬӦȫƭŴҡ
ߵİҹߣҪ˵ĬΪϤһİҹˣҲĬеڸʲô
ǸĬֵܵʲôǲҪүɣ
˵⻰֮һѾˣҲӦʱ˵
İҹƳһһ㻰̫ˡ
ɺݺݵس˳ǣĬǲҪΪҲһ㰡˶ĳˣЩʼҵôܻῴ
һĬ׮֮Ķţɺݺݵս˫ȭһĬôҪȢ𣡡
ϲԼҪȢĬȫ֮ǰսѾӮ˱ˣģѵİ˶ɵӲɣ橻ñ˿
һһȣˣ˭Ҳޣ
˵ҲѾҪٿһۣת뿪㳡ѾˣĬ׮ȻҲٱȥˡ˶һۣǴӶԷпһ˿Σһʱ֮䳡ϵձ쳣Ρ
橵ǿһ֮Ҫ
Ĭ壬ϻǸӵ⣬ʾԼҲΣвòôԭ
һҲڽ첻Ǳ֮Ӯ˱ںĬΪȷ˺Թʼҵ棬Ȼ뵽Ĭһ͸Ӳ롣
ⳡ׾Ƚе˼顣˵˦뿪
Ҫﶼ뿪Ҳʧȥ˿ֵ뷨ˣһɢ˿
ĬɿһѶͷϸ΢΢˽İҹķȥ
һ䣬ۡ
ĬȻضİҹ²һ֪ӣһ׮תĬϵ⣬ɺݺݵҡͷһˡ
İҹȻߵĬߣ۵׻͸һĨᡣһж˲ǡ
һֱǵĬûпʵ⣬ôҲֻˡ
ĬղǹˮΪʲôҪΪ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣǴҶܿ⣬ôߣͿʼ׷Լ⡣


266 ˸3
Ĭĺ˵ԼҪشһ⣬û֮һôĻشǲԣܱԼʵĸܡ
ţЩ鲻ھܹģҲԼԭ橹ܺãֻ־ڴ˰ɡҲĬΨһܹĻشˡ
ʵҲĬͷۣ⿪ڵʱ䣬ѾܸĬ˲ɣΪʲôҪȢ橡ͻȻҲˣĬӣҲȷϲķ͹ĶǣҲкܶΰɡ
ѾĬĲܣžвҪܣҲҪȥЩˡ
̾ϢһĬ֪ܲҪǣЩ͢ķҲô򵥣ֹĿһĬҡҡͷת뿪
Ĭûʲô˼ϻʲôѵ֮ϻǿѹԼɡ
ʲô˼
׮дѾҪ˼һĬһ¶Էļ򡣡⻰˵ҲĵطĬ׼Ի˵ܿͻˡ
һĬһҲһ˿ء
˫ֱ˴ذסԷů¶˳ƴݹĬһİҹʯ⣬һô˲ҲĪ
ҹ
İҹ΢΢һССԹˣһҪĬĻͲҪ顣İɣ£οǰԹһæ
İҹ򵥵İοĬҲֻôˣ΢΢ͷǰܲܶ𱨰ɡ
Щɲô򵥣ҲǶ𱨣һĬҲ˼ֻĬлⲻһˡ
ȻĬʲôϢʱ䣬ﴫּĬ
ùС
һε鷿κԻҵĬ̬Ѿ˼ĸı䣬ҲҪĬһѵõ˲š֮ǰ˿ĬҩŽӮ˽֣ȻΪĻиĶ
Ĭû㹻̺ʵҲÿһζôˣɾãĬαװʵʵչʾ
ȻϻֹĿ⣬֮뵽֮ǰ׮˵ĻëȻĸоǽ˽˵֪빬ʲôҪ£ֻҪĬܹģȻ߾ȫ
Ĭ̬ȣЦˣǺǣ߾ȫ޿δذɡ
ĬһȻ׷֮ǰڱ䳡Ϸˮ顣
񲻸ҡ
Ĭ΢΢Դӽ鷿֮ǱŹص״̬Ҳȫ¹ȥֱͦ壬ıԽû⡣˵֮ǰڻ橿ôһˣĲⲻͬѾȫı䡣
ǺǣһңȻα˽ĸ֣޾ˣΪƷȢ橻ظɣǵ͵ôҲӦˡĬǸˣ֪ʲôǶΪġ
һ仰ڣĬһ˫ֲɺݺݵȭвԼͷϺܴܾͻ֣ĬΪԼԭԼļˡ
лһĨ⣬֪Ч
ˣȳȥɣ޻Ѹ£񲿻һʱ䣬׼ù谮ŮȻί
ĬֻͷƤ飬ίɣпٵ˼ԼҪӦǰźá
ĬгʱöԲߣĬ빬ϢҲǵһʱ˹ǸÿҪʣ
˵ŻѾ˽ĬڵϣȻĬ̫ĲĿ˱ԼĸΪѣеײ̫Ĳᡣ
ʣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣҲҪ޸Ĭһ橵һõˣĬأҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźãȻĬԸȢҲǿŶԷŪ޲һ
˻⻰Ĭһɣûͬ˻橣ջشͻźá
üһ橣ں˵˵ʲôѾͻĬˣ飡޲Ầ㣡
ף۰˾ԼˣǿĬȢѵͻҸȵպ࿴ᣬޣһʼѡ
Һ棡ʣûʲôҵİɣԼȥѡҵǲҪĬҲʹԼɱﵣһ棬ģǻҲǿơ
Ĭһɣʱ򲻵òл橵ͦⱲӵԲŮˡ


267 裬ɱ1
橰Ĭͳʹһ·˶ǲ˵ֱſڣĬֹı飬ȴǲЦˣлһĨЦݣ㲻øлң֮ǰ˵Ĭ䲻ңһٲöԹҪűһȢҡ
ϻ橺ԣĬһʹòȷãϸõˡ
õˣȫȫİһˡĬ΢΢ͷ⻰֮⣬ƺҲ˵ĻˣֻףԸ
һתȥĬ۾ƺڸԼ˵ܺãֻôõȴǵòԼϲ˵İȥһֳ
߰ɣ黹Ҫлл㡣
Ż橵ıӰʧԼǰĬв̾ϢһЩ޿ɱ⣬ֻϣӴԺԵˡ
Ǹ߳ţӭöϵȵſڵİҹĬһ˶ӣİҹӭ˹һпɺã
Ĭ΢΢ܺãҪл橹Ժ󶼲ʲô鷳˰ɡϰѻϵĴͻ鵱鷳Ҳûмˡ
һ¾ͺá
İҹĬ˵Ҫл橵ĻΪȻһǻ橵ԭȻҲĬͷ۵顣⻰˵ڣ߰ɡ
ڽͷ˹е飬ĬɸоԼһ˶˲٣üоȻһʲôõˡףǰʲôźֵӡɱǱǰֵĻסˡ
˶ϲ֣ĬҲ⣬İҹĬĽŲ˹ȥ
ѫҹսĸǣȡӾΪڡ
ֻȺ룬¿ʵﱧһֻСǣؿǰŮˣȻԴŮƺ鲢Ǻܺãһ
ѫҲ⣬ڱǰӣԲûзϡץСǣСһͦɰģ͸㣬үԱİȫһ־һֻޣǿֻСǵģԴֱʡ
֪ôо֮ǰڴϣҲиŮҪ±˵ޣûгɹǱ뿪ĳȴǱͰǣǿǸ߼ޣѱȴǱֺá
Ȼ˺ˣͬ
ɺݺݵüģвһĨɻ󣬿׶ѫʲô˼֣޹»ҲҪ
̬ȼᶨƴǵĻĲҪֻСǡ
ѫ΢΢üΪ׽ޣȴǲܣԼŬ϶ĸоһתһĨаЦǰһֻ˲˵
㶼δϱʲôģҵľġò˵ѫ˵û˲ɹӶˡ
˵ûпϵĳһܸˣȴʲôһˡɺݺݵüģǲһĨЦҲҪⲻǶѫİϷˣ֮ǰ˶ԲԼ飬ŻڵķӦɡ
ѫ̬ȣȻҲã㵽ôˣʲôȫֱ˵Ҵš
СһֱߣһҲѾ˺ܾãŶѫװģģž;öġ
Ҳ̲ڶ˵ߣӣŶѫҼҪģûмôҪģѾͱŮ˹ģͲҪĿŹģǼС㲻ϡֶ
ȻҪϣֻСǿžһֻʮѵõޣҲֲ֮ǰѫĴ󡣾ǳ֮ǰѫҵΪͿֱӰ޳ˡ
С׺ݵģѫȻԼʲôطˡĿ䵽ߣҲ˼
ʵ̬ҲѾˣҲСͬ뷨ҲһԣⲻСѾߵ˼þͱ¶е˼
СӾе䣬ӲϲԼôǰͺǻʲôȫ˸һָоܲá
С䣬Ҫֻǵغǳһеʲô˼ѫú
ϲɻһĨΪ˸һϲ˲پȴǻôһòŹˡ
ǺǣҺͱŮȾ岻ﻹʲôʣ㾡ʾͺãҶѫеöˣ±˵ġδӣѵҲҪЩ̫ʧˣ
ȻǶѫҲǲˬˣܻ˭ԼһƬĽˡ
ѫ鲻ˬ͸Ӳ˵ˣѵС˵Ļ
֮ǰѾ׼͵ʲô鶼ûзӣȴôװȥˡһ䣬ǺǣϺ˭һҶ˵ɣҶˡⲻʲô׽ӰҲơ
Ǹ侲ŮˣֻǱ˵ĻţԼ۾


268 裬ɱ2
ѫһϷʲôȥɱĸǣĿһҲѾϲµ˵ʲôˡɺݺݵüģˣҺͶʦ֮䲻ֻѡ
вһĨԭѫָҵˡȻѾˣʲôóϵģֱӳˣзǵöѫݹҡ
ѫǰٿĪˣԼվĽǶϣҲ˵⻰ɺݺݵһ˵ʵϲһᣬǵ
ҪͶѫ˵ʲôȻֱӱѫߣһ㷴ĻᶼԼ
ô˵ҲֱӶԶѫ֣ȵߵĵطʶݺݵƿ˶ѫĸ첲дһĨݺݵطų⣬㵽Ҫ˵ʲôڿ˵˰ɡ
̬ȣѫЦ˳ѵûῴӣȴΪԼͶһĻˣⲻҲ˵СŮȻҲ
Ŷѫǲ뾹ȻЦˣһݺݵر壬Ȼûʲô飬Ȼȥˣ
û˸߹㣬ӺܿɰΪѫüһס֣˵ʲôᣬŵ˵ڶ𣬡֪˵ʲôںңԲŻΪ
ɻһ𣬾ͺǱѫҴصС˼һһ죬Ҳûں㡣ҹ˭һⶼûйϵֻҪ֪ͺãҶҵ
ǵģ
иԼûⶫѫ
ǿķǵСѾͷ֮ڱȴʲô˵ģǿöѫϲ
֪ʱҲٱȶѫˣȻİˡ
ס֣һ棬úúãҳϣں㣬òãҪˣǷҲҪһ͵Ļᣬ̹״ӿܴϡǵС㣬ôôòһͣ
϶ѫƵĿ⣬һؿںһֻС¹Ҵһƺһ̾ͻһ
룬ǲǶѫƾıһŮˣ֮ǰԶʱǷҲᡣôţԭ궯˲䰲͸˿˿ıҪ˵ʲôھ˵ɡ
ѫһ֮ǰѾЩɶ»ָ䵭ģҲ⣬˵ҺͶʦ֮䲻Һϸ˵
֮ǰڴϣôˣΪ˶Ҳ˵ڣֻͶѫˣѫٲ˵¾Ҫʧȥˡ
ԸͶѫȻҲ˰Ȼȫù
СŮһȴҲǰվԭأŶѫĽ͡
µŮѾʧȻֵҲǾ뿪ˡ
ĬݺݵüģղŶѫֻСôϤͺϾСǡתͷİҹҹûоøղֻСǺϤ
Ҫ̫࣬ȻڶѫУҲСǵһ컯
Ĭ΢΢ͷһ۶ѫ뿪ķ򣬡߰ɡ
Ӱ߳һŮˡ
㲻ɺݺݵս˫ȭдŻĺ壬ԭѫСǵԭΪ˰͸ĵŨŨļʣɾǺˡе˶ḶۣǸޣ
Ů˵Ӱʧڽƺʲô鶼ûзһ
İҹһתһĨâķﲢûһˡ
ҹôˣע⵽İҹı仯ĬвһĨ裬ʲôɵĵط
İҹʵĬҪϺܶ࣬ԷҲǲصúѾˣ߰ɡ
νʹԹһҪȹ׮ʵΪԼϽλһ׼ȻҲҪԹ¶ԼʵǲǵһĿģǵڶĿģʧܸգ׮鼫Ϊ⡣
ˣһôˣ
׮һһĴ򣬾ͺǰһ˷ǳҪĴڡȻҲ˵һ׮ߵˣܶ׮ύһȥΪⳡ䣬һˣ׮˵ʧ
ĻӶһĹģµҲһůȻ뵽һлһĨˣǲת
׮һ˫ֺݺݵսĬ
ֺļǺʱһ׮Ϊ£⼸˵ĸȫһˡһһǰĬɱһ
һҪΪһ𣡡
׮ôܻ᲻ĬĬʵ̫£һȥĶ֣͸Ӳ˵ˡ
һǴù˼𣡶£
ʱ洫˵ͨ
ĻӣλŮҪݼ


269 裬ɱ3
׮һʱôܻʲôԼڱԼƣԹεõʤס˶㣬һǰ׮ɳˡ
΢Ƭ̣ãɣǶ£Ϊһ֮ݺ飬ñһ¡
߽䣬׮Ǿ⣬Խ϶ҪַԼ
Ѿ޲׮Ѫιǳһеʹޣڱȴһ㶼ûбֳس׮һ׮õĵطҪס
ūҶݼĻӣĻӶˡ
϶Ϥף׮ҲסˣŮôԼȻŮϤգɲ֮ǰǸҹŮˡ׮ûа취ŮǾζоԺ¶õŮˡ
ȻĪŮѾǸϵ˾ԼĻҲ˵ƴͲˡ
Ѿ̫뷨лǶһ϶¶֣ԭǶС㣬֪춫СұΪ£
һʱ䣬׮дע⣬˵ʲôϡ
Ѿµ׮ģʱ֮ΣôܻҵȻкȻҲ
СŮӽţʵһҪѰĻӰæ
Ůһǡô¶һĨΪѣģü΢üģģžͽۡ˿ŶҪƲסǰȥοˣ׮ҲһĨϧ
׮ǰһذסŮ˵ģƺǾǺܺãջ֡ʲôҪ°æģ㾡˵ͺãΪѵӣҶˡ
һ˿ĵطһĨȻɫжħ¶һ˼׮Ϲˡ
СŮһ죬СŮлĻӵˡʵģһĨᣬǳеϰ˵֪ĻӺĬ֮СŮӾҵ¶ԸĬ
˵һĨ׺ݣȻǶĬ޼ģ
϶飬׮ҲɵģȻҲԸĬҲ˵ڿ򶫷ʱвɴһ˿ͻɡ
֪ĬԶСʲôҪȥ׮΢΢˹һвɶԶͼ˼ֻɣɵӡҪ֪οĬԹ棬бס橹
Σ㲻ս˫ȭģҲᡭ˵Ƭ̣Ҫ˵ȥǻ橣ҵŮˣΪʲôҪл
ȷҲĬν֮֮У˵ľǶɡ
ֻΪͻ϶Ĭð˻橾öҪȥĬɲ׮š
ǺǣС㣬ˡֱԣĳ⣬һǲ㡣㻹ذɡ׮һֱܽǸղŶֹ̬ȣͲȡ
ԸĬ׮Ȼȥ飬Ⲣö֡
ݺݵս˫ȭ΢ѪûзӦݺݵһ
ûг⣬ֻЩ˵ڡǺǣǰڽֲ׽ްǣѾͷĬ˿˼֮ͬҲˣˣҵѨһŮڽ𣡡
˵Խˣһ˶ǿƲסزбһĨĳޣ˫ȭա
ŮɱһĿ䵽׮ϣ׮ŵùǺͺһ붫ͻᳯԼ
ȻûУŮ鼤һۿﻬҲ飬뵽ԼĬĳĿǻԷĮ
סҵѨҲᡭ
ĻҲ˵ȥˣ׮ȻҲףĪһҲˣҹΪζһ˱˷סѨڽ⡣ԭһҲΪĬĹϵ
Բ̫ˣʵĬ̫ˣⱲӶûа취Ź˵еĳѾʵʻԲ˻ڸһᣬŮ˻᲻Ĭʹ¶֡
һŮ˵һξԵΪҪ
ھΪĬԭ˶㣬ҲѹֶĬˡʱ׮Ҳ˶⻰⵽ǲģҪһ飬ȻԲö֪Ǹϵˡ
Ĭ̫ˣСģһֻһ
治֪Ůʲô׮߶㣬˶̸
ˣղŶ˵Ļ˰ɣȥ飬ǲġҪ׮ȫţҲô׵顣


270 ѧԺ1
ĬʽѧԺĵһ죬ǳԵʱͼĶѧӴԼˣĬҲɷ˲١
ʦ֣Ҫ鷳ˣܴúСһɡ˵ĬָָСͻС̡һֱԼߣȻǲֿܺˡ
ĬаĵһܵĴȻҲһںԺУһסһԺӣģǼõĺõط
ӵһۼĬ֣;ʦǰ;ڿɲ롣
һĬʦ㾡ܷģĺԺѧԺ˵ǼõλãЦЦãֻСޣסֻҪѧϰѧԺֹ
ͺãһԷģЦЦװڡĬһظС̵ԴᣬʦƽʱʱǶסѧԺʲôʱܳȥ
סѧԺĬ˵ûжٲֻܳȥĻôͲܼİҹˡǸո뿪оͲ뵽İҹĬҲ뵽Ȼʶϰһˡ
ѧԺֲȫʽģԻǱȽϿɵģѧԺѧֻҪ֤ԼҪʲôԡ
˶ⷬͣĬҲһͺá
˵ѾĬĺԺĬʦܣǰסĵطˣҾͰ͵֮ӦûкܶණҪҾͲˣʦʹ󱭣ĬʦܲҪˣѧԺʽѧӣɲҪٵˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾԼѾˣлʦѣʰԺӣʦֺúþ۾ۣ
Сһ˺ԺԺסĵطˡ
ˣﻹԺǵĵˣСƵĹâó»Ǻġ
۲ܵĻò˵ȷǲĬ΢΢ͷҲһĨ⣬ȷǲѧԺܺãʰһ¶֮ҴǵѧԺҲʶ˭Ȼȥסɡ
Ĭʰʱ˵Ѿˡ
ȻĬ㻹ҵˣ
Ϥ˹˼ѾĬжʱˡ
Ĭһתͷ˳ְһĨӹȥһ㶼ãʰ
һƫƫĹӸûҪûЩȴǱĬ׳ʶӹĨǺݺݳ˳飬ҲܾĬҪֻܿæɻԼΪʲôĬˡ
ǻһʱʱ䣬ǰ⺮Ժʰģˡ
Լ¾ӣĬ΢תͷˣʲô飡
ҪĬˡ
һ´ȣˢһվֱĬĸ첲ߣ˵ӣȻˣߣߣк鰡ⲻһʱҵˡ
ŽɵĿһĬжνĺҲɶ˼ֺ棬ߡ
ʲô鰡ôصġ
֪ˣǴ£ȻҲ˵ˡһĬܱѡУܶ˭˵аһ
ǵĿĵء
ˣˣˣ
Ĭ΢ͷͷŵǸޱ֣һʱ䲻뵽ҩͷ֮ǰѧԺҪҩϣһ·Ҳ˲ʱ䣬ֱڿޱ֣Ĭ뵽顣
ҩϵĵ̡
Ĭ϶˵
һΪĬ֪ҩ˭أԭ֪ҩϣ֪ҩϾͺˣҩѾ겻ͽˣȴǾͽⶼŹʦˣҩϻڽпˣѡĵǸ
Ĭ⻰˼ҲǺˣԭԼǳҩͽҪҩϰʦ
ݺݵصͷĬ׹ˣ԰ҿɲ˼ﶼ֪жҪҩ϶ǣûлᡣĬҿôã˵ܱҩϿУΪҩʦָտɴ
С⻰Цһͺڿɵһؿѵ֪ĬǵҩʦνҩҲһĬʺá
ߣʲô˲ģСŮһǰ֮ɫСгĬû˭ϵˡ
ЦЦݵ񣡡Ĭ΢΢ҡͷô˵ҩҲԼıʦȥ˼ҲбҪġĬ֮·Ҳҿҩ򡣡ǹȥɡ
ղСҩϲǱ˸סˣ˿ɶһҩϸżѧȻǰ㲻ʲôҩϲĻ
ߺߣվסǿҩϣʲôﲻӭ㣡


271 ѧԺ2
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣһŭԵѧӣʲôһôȻղСĻǲôҲֲ˵ɡ
ѧģղ˵ĲԵĵط
ЩˣֻĬ鷳Ҫ̫࣬һա
ڿɲʲô˶Ĭһ뷨̫˾͵ĬþıˡòҵһһǸ˼Ѫһǰ壬޲óĬˡ
Ǻǣ˵ôʲôһҲûʲô˲ĵطȻб²ҩϡ
԰ΪˣͲҪﰡ
ߣҩǲĵӣ
һǷһس˹ͺҪɱһģĬɺݺݵһĭ֪˻Ϊʲô캦飬ȻҲᱻôų⡣
Щ˺ú˵ĬǼƽϣӣԽǲԼϣԽҪϡ
һ⻰˵ģҩϱƾʲôԾ뿪ĬƵضǰˣǲһĨЦݡ
౻Ĭôţϲһ죬ͺʲôѾĬһݺݵҡͷĬûжôܻ֪ʲô˵
ĽҩϣòûУôҩϵͽܣ˵Լ˵Ҳһֱ׳˵˵ĶԲԣ
Ȼ⻰Ҳǵõ˲˵Ŀ϶
ǳڶҩϵĳ֮飬ΪĬԭڰĬޱõİ취ʵ֮ǰĬı̫ˣ˲ò裬ҲֻĬʦѧյĿԣҲŶһݱϡ
ĬҲǿˣЩСžܹӹ۾ʼ
ǺǣһǲˣֻҪҩ׿ڰҸߣҾվﲻߣҶѧԺѧҪҩΪʦҲ룬ҶƽȵġĬһ̬ȼ
Ҳû뵽ĬôŪҶô˵ˣȻﲻ뿪
Ǻ㣬㣬㣬ҾûмôҪˣ
˭Ҫ
Ǻҩҩ¯߳ü΢Щǰʦѧյ˿ûһɫǷ͸ˡһʲôʦͳͳҹȥ
ҩﲻͷ񣬴Ƕ˵ˣһǳҩģҩϵ涼ûм֮һתͱҩͯ˳ȥǲʧ
һʱ䣬ʶס˺˵ʲôʱ˵ע⣬ôһĬͰ˾ԵΪͻˡ
ҩһʱע⵽ĬͰˣüһ˵Ѿˣǰɡޱӭǣھ͸ҳȥ
ҩԭͲãɲײͷϣⲻֱǰһŭˡҩҪʲôҩΪޱӵҩͯûʸ˵ʲôڶԸЩҪʦѧ֮˻ûġ
ĬһҲû뵽ҩߵСҩͯѾôˣʢ˵̬˲ɾúȫ
ǰһ֪λʦǿԴҩʦֿȫľֱӰǸϳȥ
ĬҲǱŵģ˶ԼôҲȫø棬ֱϬָҩĲ׵֮
ҩ˵⻰֮оѾˣ֪ͲӦȥĬҲǺˣԼʲôôûеõҪ˴ޱϳȥⲻʧȥ˰ʦѧյĻᣬһˡ
ڿĬȻҩͯǷĬˣҲҪԼ
ҩôҩҩͯȻһֱûбҩϳԼͽܣޱֻˣҩǳҩ֮ĹˡټҩƽʱҲЩǱҩ档
ܶҪҩ߿ҩʱǾҩϣҲǸӵҩt̬ˡЩ½ѧԺѧҩȫʲô˼ɣѧԺһЩʱ֣ھȻǱһָˣʵ
ߺߣܴܲҩϣͲԾˣڷǳȷСһҪ뿪
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣŵҲڲһҩͯôӣҲ˾ȣ
Ǻǣ뿪Ҿ뿪Ǻûӣ
вɻһĨŨŨľȣޱҩߵҩͯҲжţҶʶҩ֣ͯϾԺкܶҪæġĬǺãûȥñҲˣֱӺͶԷˡ
Ĭ
Ĭ½ǣʾ˵䡣


272 ѧԺ3
ƫƫĬҲôһ֮ݲʦڶĬ˵ѾûôҪˡֻھǳҩ̬ͯȣޱҲӦúúһˣȻʲô˶վǲҩϵӡ
ҩһлһĨ壬Ǻǣ߻ߣǲһҪɨѰ߲Ÿˣ
ԭľǰĬߣڿĬҩͯȻҲǷ˲ԭϵעʱⲻվԼ˵ûʱ
԰ҩʦ֣Ĭʵɺޣ֮ǰԶҩǰ˵䣬֮ͺˡҲҿʦվֻԲ
ҲڸԼϴװɡ
ɺݺݵšüģ֪ԼҲ᲻ĬҲڵĶš
λʦݵúĬûҪҩϲ˼æάĬ˵ʲôܱϲ
ƾĬʵھĬҩϸУ֮ѧԺļ϶ĬͽܣĬĻĬ˵ҲǼΪġ
ǿˣվĬߵģȻҪһάĬˡ
ǺǣĬû˵⻰кܶˣĬҳСѾͷû˵⻰ƵĶĬǼᶨ
СѾǰЩ˵С˼ǿˣĬȫðʲôҩΪʦڵѾҩϣﻹõϰʦġ
ĬΪѣСŲܡ
СŮͦϻһĨɫвգԼҲ᲻ϡ
ߣ˵ģôˣҪôҳȥǲҪҩϵ˲õ۶ȥô׷
⻰ڱžô̶
ǺǣѾˣ
ҩһݵ˾ҩˣȻҲҩ£ҩһֱûɿԼΪͽⲢʾҩܹ̱˶ҩϵУҩϾﻹǵĵҩʦ
ޱӭǣʦصòʲôҹȥҩҲǴ˾ģ˵ʲôҪǸߡ
СƢˬֱôԴﻹ
ߣ߾ߣС㻹ϡˣ˵СסĬĸ첲˴үүѵ벻һõĵطתͷסĬĸ첲ˣһ㶼ã߰ɣ
ĬϵԽѿˣҪȥԼʦûʲô⣬ǼҲˣϲвĸо
һҲĬʲôȻԷѾô˵ˣٽֱȥ˭á
ĬȻˣǻ߰ɡյѧԺҴȥط
⻹ʷһĬԾݺݵšüģܽĽڵҲѾˣ˵档
뿪Ϊ㣬˵ҪԼĲĵطֻ˵ǲʰɡĬһȵڳһɨת뿪
ҩ¯档
Ŵ˻ɢɷǵζǰ˵ʱҲɴ̫ΣüĶѾγһġ֣һ˵
ⲻӦðôᣡôᣡ
˲ҡͷͺ˼Ϊѵһ
İҹջԼĸ첲һͷôţǯ}ûţˣ㿴˺üˣҺܺã˵˺üˡҩϣôˣ
λ˾ҩϡ
˵飬ҩϲšüģߣǸӣѾųȥ׼ͽ飬СӹأҲӦ뵽ҩϾһ꣬ѾΪʵͽѡ˵ʱҲӦˣȴǳٳٲӰ
İҹĿлһĨᣬᣬʧҪΪ˸ĬһǿĺܣѧԺҲҩΪʣİҹҩˡ
Ȼ⻰ǲҩ֪ǻ
İҹѵѾҵСͽܣ
ֵǴξĬ߻ħİҹڷһתȻǵˡ
ô룬ҩϾҪԼͽнİҹ
İҹһѾһҩ˵ԼǱʮͽܡ
Ȼκ˶ȲĬİҹеĵλ
ľ˵ͽܣİҹܿҩϵ⣬׳һҪϢ
ҩϲɫһ䣬һסİҹĸ첲ͺǿʲô󱦱һղ˵ʲô˵֮ǰʵѾҹˣղ˵ǸʲôĬİľֲãֲð
֮ǰҩİҹʱѾˣ֮ǰҵھȻƽʱİҹԼָԭ˳ְæ


273 ҩͽ׿Խˣ1
˵Ĭʱİҹһ˫۾ô˲䱻һ㣬ϻһĨɫĿһתҩϾȵ⣬ԣ˾㻹㶼顣
ҩϲɺݺݵس˳ǣİҹ⻰˼ԼûãԶܰ
ƫƫȻҲɣݺݵҡͷǺǣȻǽɽв˳һһˣôһ˵ҶҲȤˣĻгСͽܹ֮ҽľˣ
ò˵ҩлǸӿԼѾ˵СͽĬʱߵĴæԷֶûмסھ͸Ӳ˵ͽˡ
ô룬ҩ϶Լǿ˶ŰʦѧգǵԼߣȴȫתһƴԼСͽȲ
İҹһߺߣ֪ͺá
ҩһѽʲôȥȽнɡתһ⣬ȻҩϾԼô˵ȥҪˡ
Ĭ
Ǽס֡
ҩϳһȣҩͯȵҩȰǸĬѧнɡ
Ĭ
ҩϵһĴ뵽ҵĶУе˶סˣھҩ϶Ѿ˵ĬԲټĬȥЩ˶Ѿôˣҩϵ涼ûм
һһĨ֮ģת뵽ղĬѾֱת뿪ޱǲ˵ǻлᡣ
ҩ΢΢ͷشһǡ֣תͷЩѧһһղҩ˵ĻҲ˰ɣ˭Ĭվҽȥɡ
ҩҲǵĬˣ⽫Ķ֡
սһᣬûվǰҩ￴Խͷһ飬˭ĬԼվ
ڻ֮ǰվĬԱߵѧվ˳˵ʦ֣ʵղŴ߳ȥ˾Ĭ
ҩ΢΢һ㶣ղŴ߳ȥǸǱԼϳȥѧĬҩϿҪˣ
ֵҩƬ̣ܿһĨâѾӦ֮ߣȻѾԼ뿪ȻҲֵܹͷϣĬԼҪᡣ
ãˣţҽȥҩϻػ
ҩĻػҩϳ鴤ǲԽӲˣҪԼİҹ涪ӡһ䣬˵Ŀ䵽ҩϣ˼˵Ĭҵı죬Ը뿪ˣ
ѹ͵Χ¶ȶ㣬⻹ҩҩ꣬һοôġ
ҩﲻһԴϵ̬ԽˣҩϿĵطһĨЦݡ
ǣسϣĬ̬ʵ̫ˣӶ˵ڸĬˮ
İҹ״ƳһǰŹҩͯһĨмĬΪˣĿҩϣҲᵱôֱ˵
ߣ֣ҵǸҪĬʲôˣҩһѾĬǱʶеӡ󽵵˱㣬ΪһɾͣͿʼΪ˲̫֪ˡ
ҩϵĿǣѾĬ˷ǳӡҩҲԷĲ٣һѾҩϣҪΪĵӼֱǳ˵Ρ
İҹƳһҩϣĬҩҲ
ǣûмšҪ˵̫࣬ͷ
ҩһѾİҹҪ˵ĻȻҩȻӶûˡˣҩĬǿҾ͸ҪжˣȥҰСӸй
ǣҩˡ
ȻٶĲʣҩﻹҪҩϵתȥĬһ
ҩ®ֻʣİҹҩˡ
ǺǺǣǾϼһǲϱǷģСӺôӰҩƲһϱһȻɲҪҲǸӣǲʵϣܿ
㿴֪ˡİҹĬžԵΣȫҩΪѵĬ
һҩһѿȥѱԼϳޱĬһҲҪжжˡ
Ĭ±˻ղż֤һеѧҲɲһΣ˺˵ĴȻǲһġǶѾôˣҲӰĬҩϣӵҩϵĻᡣ
Ҫ˵ΪʵľǰˣĬѾ˳ȥȴǺúõı˻ֱڴʶս˫ȭǼʣĬղŶҩϵ̬ȣҩôܻῴ
ɲһĬʵǿ˵ͱҩϸأ
ܱô룬Ĭûйϵһ߽ҩ®ѾԸоһ˵Ϣһʲô¡


274 ҩͽ׿Խˣ2
Ĭݼҩϣ
Ĭ΢΢ԴҲûпԷɫֱӳҩϵķ򹧾һҾҲ뵽Լʦļĳɡ
ҩһ˦ʾҩ£ԼϸشһĬǺǣĬ˵ӣаһʵ
ôŶһĨζĬ΢΢˳ǣȻԼ֮ǰıʦӺ֮ǰ˰
̬ȹⲻĬҰˣҩǰΪ¡Ȼҩϲ˵ôҲֻĬˡ
ҩϿڣİҹڿĬʱһ˫ĺǲܴӶԷŲˣǰһסĬ֣㿴ͷ˳𣬿ԵĻʦѧԺҲиӦ
Ĭʱûע⵽İҹȻҲ񿴵İҹϤףһɣǿƲסһĨϲЦݡҹô
һ̧ͷҲҩϿĬףǰһⲻԼ˼ҹСͽ𣬸˰˵Ķͬһ˰
ѽͽΪʦˣΪʦþˣҩǰһһļƻģﻹһսʱĸ䣬Ȼһһ
⼸²Ĭ֮ǰʱѾ˺ܶ࣬ʵǿ̫࣬ҩ϶ţԼͽȻаĵһȻеͽ
һ󼤶ҪĬһӵ
İҹҩĻᣬֻҪİҹڵĵط˭ҲҪӽĬһľ룬Ĭһתܿҩϵӵ
ȻİҹİҹڣȫõıϮ
ҩϲɺݺݵس˳ǣİҹĬ˵ദģʽ֪һ˲ʲôèɡ
ɲУ
ĬòײѡеĺͽŲܿİҹˡ
İСӣҷſҼұͽȻҾͶ㲻ˣ
İҹȫҩϵϣüһҩ˵˶ͬһ֮ǰҩϾ˵ܹеЩֻҪͽܣ֮Ĭԭͬһˣ
Ǻǣҩͷ֮ɲԼ˵ģҪĬͽܣкˣûáİҹһֱӵĬǽҴ֮ǰҩϵС˼
İҹôһ˵ҩҲɺݺݵšüģͲ˼
İҹ㲻ҪϹ˵ҩ϶Ĭ¶һЦݣĬ㿴ΪĵСͽΪʦô᲻Ҫأһֱڵңǰȵˡ
һʦҪôͽԼСͽܣҩܹҲͷһˡҩҲǸСֻҪԼˣŲֱֲֵģи˱ʲôҪ
ĬҲܹµҩϵ˼΢΢ͷжԼʦͦģҩҲ
һİҹĸ첲ʾſԼ
Ȼв⣬İҹĬ˼ſ˶Է
Ĭߵҩǰһ񣬹ڵأģǿҩ϶ЩۡѾµĬⷬжĺ壬ҩϲûֹĬĬһݣãܺá
ͽĬݼʦ֮ǰûɵİʦҲȫˣ֮ͽ
ǰĬ£Ҫ˵ҩϲ˵ǸҪ˶ã½ϵһĵҩʦͽĬ
ʦҩȻһʱĬοЦݡã̫ˣȻΪʦĹͽ
İҹĿĬ˰ʦ񣬾ҩϵĵӡ
ߺߣѾʦˣҩϣܲôСͽܵļûаɡͿʼĬҪˡ
ڻûмĬʱҩ׼ˣڴͳһ򣬽ĬС
Ĭ֮ǰΪʦǷѾ˰ɣҩȵӦѾգǷصĶһЩȽϳĵҩӣǸӸ߽׵ĵҩӣΪʦôľᣬȥúɡ
ĬǰһԼΪҪĶĬʱʱʱѾԼƿҩϵŶȻԵõͻơ
ҩǰһ񣬡Ĭлʦ
ĬƺĺⶫİҹҲ˵ˣһˣȴĬҪġ
Ҫ˵õľҩˣڿĬ֮ϵЦݱôڲסˡ
úãĬԺҩĵմӣ˱ޱҩɣޱĵȨе㣬ЩҪĿβȥҲա
ҩǽɫĬȻҲԼòһɽĸо


275 ҩͽ׿Խˣ3
ҩ䵽Ĭϣ΢΢ͷгϣԼԽĬԽ⣬Ҫʵ⻹Ҫʣ٣ĬӦÿʼˣѾһ׶ˣһƵĵҩΪʦɡ
ȻѾĬͽܣӦҪʦΣҩϾԴ
ԭΪҩϲ飬ĬҲԼڵ״̬ҲǺ˽⣬ҩʦߣܱԼ̽Ҫܶˡ
ûаɣҩϻİҹĬεˣȫҪԼѾǸҩʦ飬ӿڴóһƿԼƳĵҩҩϡ
ʦƵĵҩ
ӹĬƿҩһ࣬شƿһζǴƿﴫ˳ζѾ֪ⵤҩƷඨȻһŵҩģԲƷ
ҩڿⵤҩ֮˫ֶƲסѾǼ򵥵ҩ⣬Ʒҩ
ֱе㲻Լ۾Ĭһ֣ȻĳɹƳһöƷҩѾһܹģ
Ĭ⣬ƵĵҩҩϲԸĬֻĺţĬûоרҵѵǾȻƾԼʵƳƷҩ
Ĭ΢΢ͷⱾԼƵĵҩҲûʲôصģԣƵģʦҩɺã
ҲҺĬҲóƳĵҩҩϿ֮ǰƵЩҩûóȻĻҩϸŵ
ҩϲɺݺݵһĭȻһͽ
ɴЦúúãܺãŰţҩϳ⻰֮Ѿ֪ҪôĴĬĲܣһʤҩ϶ɸоԼˣȫȲЩˡ
ҩϱô𾴣ȻΪҩʦݣ䵤ҩʦ٣ĵҩʦ͸ˡڵĵҩʦܹƳһöƷҩͿԵõõĴҩô꣬õĳɼҲƳһöƷҩ
ȻĬǽӴ̶̼µʱ䣬ѾܹƳƷĵҩֱ붼顣ĬȴԼʵ֤ûʲôǿɲܵġ
Ĭ΢΢һҩӣӦûʲôˣ΢΢ʦҷѾûа취ЩҩƷס
ҲĬʱ飬Լ࣬ڿƻᴿҩ棬ĬѾ¯࣬ȴǷԼļԽ죬ǵҩƷȴҲûȥ
ǵȻƵĶǼΪͨĵҩܰЩͨĵҩƷҸ˵֮Ҳûˣ
ҩǽԼͽܣȻͬ죬Ȼҵͽܣģ㿴ҸղŸ¼ĸ߽׵ҩܳƷˣ
лʦĬһɣԶ벢Լ⣬ЩɻҲڸһ䡣
İҹһһ֪Ĭġ
ԭĬһҩʦ֮ǰĬûȻİҹҲѾвµһЩҲû
Ĭһһϲ
ĬԼ˾Լ𡣡İҹɾԲҩʲôûֱϬָһ㣬ſҩĸۡ
ߣˣҲǼƽϡҩϺݺݵصһİҹʾԼ˵תĬ֮£ԽԽϲˣĬҩͽҴȥЩϼһҲôк
ô꣬ҩյһĵӣ˶Ѿ֪жٵˣҩ϶ۺ죬ѡӣǵȵĬܲúôһµġ
ô꣬ϷͽˣҲúôǣͽôʲôãûǼҹԹͽ
˵ҩǸСһ㶼Nɪģչ¶š
ĬһвʦҲ˼ֺøУǡ
ҩ®ȴĵӿɲ٣һűҩټˣ㲻ܰʦѧգ ҩҲǺõġ
ˣҩϳˣҲ֪˭һ˵Ŀⶼɼе˴߳ҩϣһжŨŨļҩϿС
ĬȻҩ
ҩϹϾضҩһ񣬡ҩϣЩǰʦѧвʣԼҩôȴ˳ʦЩ˲ǸոսѧԺôõĻᡣ
ҩֻɨһЩ鼤꣬ȫϲۣѾĬʾѵͽﻹˡ˦һ£°ɣѾͽˣߣĬԹͽΪʦʹȥǼ϶
˵ʱһ࣬ϱ˵ӣĬʱͺȫһһҪ̫
ҩ̬ҲѾǳԣĬҩյͽ
رҩһݣղԼѾݺݵصĬ벻ҩϾȻĬΪͽɺݺݵս˫ȭһлһĨİâ簵ҹ


276 һС
ҩôһҶ֪ĬҩϵĵӣΪаһѧԺѧôҩϵһƸȡĵӣ붼֪ĬѧԺжˡ
ȻĬҩϳȻҲ˺ܶȨһĬҲʹȨԼԳǸʲôʲôûرĵط
ѧԺʽϿεĵһ죬˵Ĭռҩ֮ͽȫԲμѧԺĿγ̣Ĭˡ
һĽעĻ˶ע⵽ﾹȻл롣
찡ĬĬΪ㲻ϿΣҵͬȻĬ磬òãСܰɣʲôõҵģһ仰
ûаãɫɫ߳۵˱ϳĬӮвҪ˵ж༤ˣһͺǿԼżһĬ鶼ĬԲˡ
Ǻǣȷſ֣ú˵Ĭ֪ԼȻѾôˡ
Ӯɿ֣һ˫ڲӲӵһ˲˲ضĬͺǵһĬһӦϴɡ
ͷʲô˶С
Ĭ˵ͷҶѧԺѧ໥ӦȻڻ¡һӮ ÿգǹĵЦҲ˾÷С
ӮǰһǴӦ˰ɡ
ԺӮĴˣϣСһݣϵѾܺõıֳŨŨ˷ܣĬˣæӮİȥ֮ǰסӮԼֵܣö񡣡
һӮһģĵõĬΣ磬ң̫ˣԷһҪӡ
ͣҵ˭ӮﾹȻͨѧԺĿˣı˹ʺˡ˳˵ҪжжĿ䵽ĬϣȻҲǲмǺǣǺӮߵһ𣬱˶֪
ĬɺݺݵüʶϲԷ˵ͱ˲죬Ҳö˵ʲôҾӮȤ
ĬվӮһߣо͸ӲˬˡСѹӮһȻҲʱ˸ѹȥˡ
Ӵ۹ҲôᱻѧԺ֪˭ҿӵĺѣӱĬ֪ĬѧԺаһǸ˼ЯҪװƣ
һĽһ˲õĹϵһģ䵽ĬУֱ񾭲ûʲôˡ
ǺǣԭĬôӱ˵Լıͳݣôô֣ҪǣԷǺӡ
ĬϳļζֳȻҲûмĬĿȻҲô޴Ϊ
һĬǵȻĬСܽύģӶʦмӡʦѾҩΪŵӣǲϿˣԺлʦ˷ܣ
ӮѾЦܾˣһĬĳ֮飬ѵ֪ӵ˾Ĭ
ۡұﲻסˣ磬̫Цˣ
ɵƵľûмôɵƵġ
ӮôЦϵҲÿݺݵصһӮЦʲôЦȻС˼ģûһ档
Ӯļ鱦⣬ľƵջ⣬Թʿụ̃˵ĵλȽϵҪھкõķչҪһЩ塣
ӮҶ˵ӻȻܹ̽ϢżҸܵӵӣôһżҵĵλҲԼҸһȡ֮۸ӮǱ˼Ҳ˵ʲô
֮ǰӮ϶ξͲһˣվŵĿĬߣûмʲô棬˵ͺһһʱ֮䣬š
ʲôʱӮײˣһݣͺݺݵؾסӮ죬СǻǰɣҲ㸸׺úýѵһ˵Ÿ߾ȭͷҪӮԴȥ
Ӯʶ۾ȻԤ뵽ʹûдɿ˽Լĸ첲ߴһɱĽкſңſң֪˭ӲŹģңҪ
ĬǹһĨЦǺǣҵ뿴Ҫμ˵ٶȿ컹ҵٶȿ죬ֻҪһĲӡϬ䵽ϣ˲
㣡ǱĬŵˣô˲䣬ľԼᱻ˸ɱˡ
ӮһԭĬԼӲܿĬΪԼԭѧԺͷ磬ˣǲú˷壬ⷴԼ֡


277 Ľʦ
ĬһҲǿ϶Ӯ˵Ȼ֪ѧԺѧѧ֮˽¶ŹΪҲѲ鷳ΪһŮ˸Լ㡣
һɣͺҪʲôණһ
ɺݺݵشŴǼһղǵģᱻһצӸˣѾˮʪˣΡΡؿĬ㣬ӣ
Ĭ΢΢ĨаȵЦȴԵüΪ£ŵˣȴμǵ˵գԺһҪһѳһ
ҲʱҪ˵ΪľӮˣԼһΪǿĿɽֱ˶Ҫˡ
ϴ̫ˣ֪Ĭ֪֪֮ݣɫ϶ܺÿӮѾѶĬĳ֮һΪǿĳ̶ȡ
ˣЩ޹ؽҪ˾Ͳùˣʦˡ
˵ţ츺ÿεʦ˽
ۣŮʦӮһ˫۾ŵӭ߽Ľʦϣкݺݵ̾һѧԺȻǸ˽ܵĵطһʦô˲˶
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣԼһô׵Сܰ
Ľ˫ĿŵЩѧ֮ǰѧԺѾΪҪעļѧǰԼ˵ˣڵȻҪעһ¡
ĬԸоŮʦͶԼĿ⣬Ŀϲߡ
ֱ
Ľ˫һͣвĬӶ˼ֺ֮ģȻѧԺһѧϣԵսԡ
һ£ȿȣҶһ£ǼһŰʦԺĻζѧϰϣԺǻպʱദǢҸĽݣһ˫֣ԺǿֱӽĽʦ
һĽܣκβ˵Щʢ˰Ľ˫ͲǺ֮ǰЩѧһžͺǺܺദӡ
ĽʦҿŽĽݽŲ࣬ôʦģ˵ԲԣǹȻʦ
Ĭһ˵΢΢ҡͷȻǲ֪ηѵΪƯʦͺ۸ɡȻܹǼһŰʦûһʵôܷڡ
ȻФ˵ĻᣬܿλϿ۵ĽʦͻǼʶһʲôöԸ
Ľ˫ôѧȻҲǵһ
ǹһĨаȵЦݣФķһԭФôϲĽʦʦңȻΪǵʦȻһİɡ
Фƺܵ˹ƻһʶݺݵصͷǵȻ뵽֮ôĽݽǣ͸ˣôܻ᲻أʱǲǣ
ҺԶоλŮʦеĲƣƫƫҲФ޲ûһФĻ
Ľ˫ؿѧķӦǵЦȴǲɸӲˣǿȴԽˡ
ãȻˣǾ鷳ǵФͬѧھͳȥŲٳʮȦÿԶ壬ǿǡ
ʹһЦݣ˵Ļȴǲ˻һŲٳʮȦҪ˵ЩһŵүС㣬ƽʱһֱڽ˶Բ
ѧԺٳһȦžһӣʮȦҲʮӣǸʮȦֱǲʮȦ
ɶФͶȥһรҲҺøղû˵ʲôĽʦĻȻڵù˾Լˡ
һФҲԼղ˵ʲôԼӦˣһ룬ĽʦҪʮȦ𣬸ܣ⻹ûأФ͸оԼˡ
Ľ˫ФʲôӱܵĻᣬ˵ͷ΢ЦǸղФͬѧԼģ㲻Ǵʧġ
ﻢ£˵ľФҲˣԼǱˣô죬ʵʵȥܲѡ
ǣʦȥȥ
ФҲһˬˣȻԼ˵ĻȻҲּۻۣ͹һҲֵ˸߿һۡ
ӮɺݺݵصһжλŮʦ˼ֳ֮飬λĽʦܵФôȻշˡ
ĬŲԶĽ˫ղ֮
ѧԺʦȻʹУѧԺƺԽԽʶˡ
Ľ˫һǱʲôסһָܿоʧһĪһ
ɫϾĿ䵽ʣµЩѧ棬һѧԺĵһÿΣѧʦ֮໥ϤǶǴĺܹﶼܲףԺָͬ꣬ģˣǿ໥Ϥһ¡


278 С飬ѵ
˵ҲѾв˳Ĭ߹۲ʶ̩ɽкܶ˼ĬȻҲ˲ٽύ˼ѧԺһСᣬھͰѹϵãԺԼ϶кܴİ
Ĭǜϫ룬֪ǿҪս㣡һֺĬģͻȻһ˵ҪսĬģ˵ͺʡ
һɫ߻ƵĽۣںڵīһö¶˿ʵգƤѩһܳˮһ״̬
ĬһЩõˣǜϫģвһĨŨŨȤ΢΢Ȼʱ㡣ԼǿģλѧԺĵһҲкܴĳɷֻ֣ڲϵвԼ
ӮȥˣǰˮˣߺߣôεεģһȻᱻһ£Ҫޱ˰ɣҪϴս㣡ӮǷһжվĬ߿ǡ
Ӯ⻰ϫֱӾͱôȥ͸ӷۣʵһÿĲһ
ϫݺݵս˫ȭоԼܵص裬һݣĬĬ̬ȣ㿴ңȫֱ˵Ҫս
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ粨ôһִŵˣΡ
ûп˼
Ĭ˵ٶ඼Üϫˣս˫ȭǺһŰСǺǣȻңǾͽҵս
ѧԺʽѧĵһ죬Ѿ˷
áԸ
ĬһƺѾ˜ϫеС˼ûиղӮĻϫ붼취ս
ѧԺԺ̨ѧ֮ķҲΨһѧ֮˶ĵطȻѧд䣬ܹ໥ȡ̣߽һЩڲìܡ
ϫţĬףвϸԼһԵġ
иԣѧһ죬Ѿֱսˣ
㲻֪ɣǸɫ·ˣѧԺһһҲ˼ˣϹشԼȣ£ģΪΰ
˵ϹѾע⵽ĬܾˣΪѹԼʵʵѧԺѧݹһѧҲĬȼսˡ
ĬǜϫĶ֣ȻǺĬϫ붼ԸˣǲϹʧˡ
ȻϣʮУĬӮˡ
콣ڜϫĲϣһսĬĻʤ
ˡĬȻ֮ǰѾµȴҲÜϫǷһ㵣ġ
ϫǲһĨõЦݣһ˲˲ضĬصصͷԣˣķڷĬܲӰɣʵôɲǣϫ˵һĻ
ָ飬Ҫͼ֮ڵһǽӽĬõԷΡ
Ĭɲ֪ôһṦԼȻѾͨ˜ϫĿ飬ԷԼδѡˡ
ӣʲô
ĬвһĨɻ󣬲ûלϫ⻰е˼
㾹Ȼ֪
Ϲһڜϫ֮һ͵ѧԺѧӣһС飬֮ĸжһӵĿĵȻǿԸõѧԺȥǺܶҪˣʱСԱõѡ񡣡
ϫصصͷ˵ľĬ㿴Ӱɣ˳ˣˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷѧԺ鲢Ǻ˽⡣
УӰɣһһˡ˵ĬתӮӮ֣Ӯһû뵽ʱĬǵԼǼϴ
ȻѾӦ˼СܣĬȻƴǣ΢΢ͷԜϫܣӮҴɡ
Ӯвһ飬֮ǰ˜ϫ룬һ᲻ᱻ˸ɡ
ϫһȻĬҪȻҲƴǡаֻҪܺĬһҶԵġ
ǲټһΣϹʳڣŲϺȡϹһ˵
ϫһϹһļһ˭һĬͺáһʱ䣬ƺˡ
Ĭһûʲôĵط˭һãӭļ룬Сþȫˡ
Ϲ֮ǰ׼һ˵Ҫ˵Ĭȴǲȫ֮أĬֱӾͬ׮顣Ǻܺã֮ǾͿԽѵˣûһͬѧʲô㡣
ĸûʲô˴ջһֻ֮ôķ꣬ڴ


279 ѧԺѵ浼ʦ1
Ϥ֣֮ᷢĻǜϫ룬֮ǰǸֱͷսһѾĬķ˿ĬﶼܿϫӰ
Ĭ磬ѧԺŵĵһѵýŰҲ֪СĵʦôϫдһĨڴǲǾץסĬϲ䡣
ڶѾĬϫʶԱ߶ϰߣ˳ܿ˜ϫĿ΢΢ͷ֪ˡ
֮ĻϹȴǲɰԷЦĳҪ²ĬķҲһ׵飬Ĭ߰ɡһִĬļϣõģһֻסϫļ
ϫ벻һ䣬ݺݵصһϹ𣬺޲ֱӿһˣſ
ϹŲᱻŵüһǲһĨаȵЦݣϫ룬ôʲôҶǴүǣǺȻǸŮӰ
Ϲôһ˵ĬҲɰĿ䵽ϫϣ΢΢ͷʾϹ⻰Ŀ϶һۼϫʱҲֱӾΪǸŮˡϫƤܺá
Ĭ磬ڱôϫݺݵس˳ǣǵĻΪѽˣϻһĨΣȥÿ
˵ϹʶϫѾܾˣ⻹һμôСŮ˵ӣȻǿĬ
ôǣǾڿƤѩŮһϹһĬĸ첲Ĭ㿴ǜϫҲǸŮӣȢ˻ؼҰɡҲֻܰﵽˡ
ɵÜϫϸˣͺһҪһһĬѻϹϣϹ쵰ٺ˵˵Ҿ˺죡
ѽ˵ҺѽѽϹȫʾƜϫĵߡ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣȴǲԾһĨЦãһԻϲԩҡ
Ĭۣⷬԭһֵ˿ͬ˵찡ҲŲǻϲԩң
ĬЦǣĬɲ˭еġ
ϹһŹĬǻǲҪ˵飬ҿŜϫͺʣǜϫŮˣŲҪ֪˿ͦģϤ֮һֻŮ
ϫԺŮѧԺＸԺߣȫû˻ֹεҲǺˣȻֱŮװ˼һŰ࣬˶óϫǳĬġ
Ĭ΢΢˳ǣϫǸɰкӣҲ䡣ҲǶԸղϹĻش
ϹͷŹĬһЦ
ĬϲʲôŮӣҰ࿴һ£
ϹҲ˵ǜϫ֪ܾõˣĿĿĬ˵԰Ĭ磬ϲʲôŮӣһһҺãֹУϲĻ޸㣡
ۡϫϹľʲôãÿ¾Լˡ
Ĭ˿ţҲЩӲôԼϲŮôӡСڣһǣĬϲˣһᣬ˵ڵġ
ϲʲôӵأ
룬ˣӦǸǿߣҲûʲôӲҪܺϵһһ𲻻ıðɡ
֪ôģĬԺвǸֳһ˵ӰһͣݺݵذѶԷӰԼԺ׳ȥжʱûмİҹˡ
ǸǿߣǿĬ磬㲻ỹҪԷǿɣǺѵӴѵ㻹Ҫ䣡ϫ벻ƲƲ촽оĬ˵˺û˵һӦòǿ߰ɡ
Ĭ֪ԼһϯֱÜϫ¶ģһҪԼһǿߡ
ĬһһǿҲ䣡
ͺãϫҲĪһ
ȻһҲ䣬䵽˵ĶпɾͲʲôûˡ
İҹӺĬ˵ĶԻûпڴϣȻĬһǿ䡱֮еĸоôá
ȿȣˣѵʼ
𣬿ǰĬǶһ
ѽǵĵʦ
ϫ⻰һҵĿⶼǲ䵽İҹϣһֱԷ嵽ĸо
Ҫ˵ΪľĬղŻ뵽İҹȻͿˣΪԼۻˡʶ۾ȷǰİҹǲԾһĨõЦݣİҹ΢΢ͷ
ȻȴİҹܿͺͲʶĬһһűɽǼ˭޲ı
Ĭһͣѵİҹ⼸ַˣһΰԼˣ
һᣬҪǰȥϹǻڣĬҲֳܱԣվߣ粻ʶİҹһɵѵ


280 ѧԺѵ浼ʦ2
ȻĬ֪ģ͸İҹвˬˡ
İҹһĬǵɲʶˣһ䣬ָʶ£Ϭصǰĸ꣬޿ԡ
ӲвκǵĵʦİҹҲѵʲôҪҴǣҿǵʵûʸҲ̷
İҹ⻰˵ţһ֮ĶѧܽһŰ࣬еĿɲ٣ܱİҹôġΪȵϹϵҲÿһİҹɽȭ
İʦҪô֤ԼϫֱӸ˵дŨŨս⣬һҪȥˡ
Ĭǳ˳飬ܾİҹˣɻؿİҹˣ
мǱܵĸܵİҹ鲻ãȴ벻Ϊʲô鲻á
ǺǣҪ֤ԼİҹǹһĨЦݣȻûаκ˷һǾȴң
˵ϫĿȥˣôŵĵʦǵһۼ˾Ҫݺݵһ٣Ժôš
һǱС޳ŵ꣬ȴǱİҹ˵ǷŨŨս⡣
ãİʦҪս㣡ϫȭͷһ˲˲ضİҹ
ʱôϹ£ϵȣЦһɨȫޣΪϾңϹҪսʦ
İҹ˫ۣǰСˣ΢΢ãûˣһϰɡĽȫûаǷУ춼ԽϹ͜ϫ˲ˬˡ
˶ȥˣȻĬûϳ˼
Ӯǲܷʲô飬վĬߣвһĨɻ󣬡磬Ĳϳ𣬿ʦӡദӮҲѾϲ
Ĭ΢΢ͷǲǵʦĶ֣â¶ҲҪĥ
⻰һҲ˵ĬҲÜϫϹˣԲûϳ
ӮǼϫϹ֣вһĨȣѵ֮Ըλʦ
ĬֻЦЦ˵ȻⳡսûκսȫǱİҹ򣬾ֵĻᶼûУǸ
ϹвһĨŨŨľȣ˵жǿʵУͺСһ㣬Ϳˡ
İҹ鲻ãȻȫû飬Ҳùˡ
ĿתĬߣأ
Ĭɳ˳ǣİҹƵĿ⣬ٶڴĿ⣬ѵϣֻһɣ򲻹İҹ
Ĭʶİҹôˣǿ͸İҹʵ
ǹ˹ģ䵽ϫϹУֱֵ塣
ǺǣҾͲˣȫӵʦİš
⻹ʶĬ𣬲սܣôôˣ
ĬĻشİҹ¶һп޵Цݣ
ϹܲˣĬ˵Ĭ㲻ôݺʰһֵͬиͬôܷŹʦѵĻᣡ
Ĭһ飬ǼԼȥŰ
ʦһ㶼ҲǵʦĶ֣ҾͲˡĬŲϹ⡣
İҹǰһߵĬߣ˶λϲŭ޳ĵʦҪúøĬһɫʱİҹȴһץסĬĸ첲ߣ
ĬҲжİҹΣӮ˵ͷӮչ˺ȥȥ
Ӯڶİҹ˵֮󣬾͸оȿƲס΢΢дŶĬĵġϴû°ɣңҡ
İҹƳһӮ˲ˣȫ˵ֱ̫ˣϴչԼء
Ȼİҹǰˣʲô飬һ㷴ûС
걾֮ǰǻ²ĬȻûһֵ֮飬ĬİҹߣзһĨġ
ϫѵĴӵվĬ뿪ķвȾŨŨĵģĬ类ûйϵ𣡡
ϹڸոչʱͿԷĬλʦ֮ƺʲôһĸо
£ġ
˼˵ʵĬλֲĵʦʶģŰĬˡϫ΢΢һǲܷ
ϹлһĨĪİâͷûв´ĻҲżĬܶԸĹ
Ҳֻôˡ


281 İҹ⣬ף1
Ĭİҹߣ֮ǰĪ뷨ٿİҹԼĸ첲ϾȻ
Լߵﶼûע⣬ȵİҹͣ½ŲĬһֱײԷĻҺһͣĿ䵽İҹϣˮĺһĨɻ
ʲôİҹƵڶ
Ĭһͣͺʲô±ԷץסһȫҶİҹ˫ۣһתܿ˵Ŀ⣬û죬ˣҹôѧԺĵʦˣ
ĬУİҹ˵ãѧԺΪѧԺĵʦǲ顣
Īһ²⣬ĪİҹΪ֮󻹳ΪѧԺʦ
뷨һĬܿǱİҹȥеע
һİҹһ㶼شĬκ⣬ղĬ֣¸ϫǵĻشһİҹԺԽ꣬ǰȻ֪СˣһĨŨŨķꡣ
Ĭһۣİҹһֱûɿĸ첲һϵӴ󣬲Ծšüģҹôˣ岻Ұ㣡
˵ĬҲﵽֱӿʼİҹ·ַסİҹҪΪ
İҹһȴǲһĨůĬڹǹģȫôš
İҹںܺãһסĬĸ첲ȫԷзӦʱ䣬Ĭڻ˵ϢڱϢǻȥֵĬһסˣ
ʶҪȥİҹһİҹסȫѲֻɵվá
ʲô˼
ĬһĪЩһĺǺݺݵƽ
ҹ㡭
Ĭתתǲ֪ʱԼӦ˵ʲôźãɤ类סһɬȫӲű˸ڻһȴǿʼһɺůζ֫ٺ
İҹҲϲԼ֪ԼĬ֮ûʲôܣ˰
һδθԼ֮ûãֻѡ٣ָսȴ᲻ǰС˶
ҧгݵĬĶʱİҹǲҪһ
ĬһϱǷģⱲˣǸҲˣ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ʶ̧ͷİҹ˵⣬ɫ⣬ͺħһһ۵ʱͳ׳ˡ׵ԨȴĸԸصԷ塣
ҹ㡭ĬоԼѾתˣֻôɵؿİҹǱ
İҹĬԼҪĴ𰸣Ȼ춼ѾˣҲûʲôԥĵط
§סĬͺǵһĬͻһݺݵصһɵ˶ߺߣϲˣҵˣҲԸԸ䣬Ҷˣ޴ӣ
Ҫжж
Ĭһ죬ȫû뵽İҹȻʱףʶ˫˼Լ׸λӦİҹ⻰
ģ䵽İҹУĬһҪξܾԼֲԼƵĸо͸ˡ
ĬţİҹûеòĶӲеòˡҲϲˣֻǸպϲ㣬Ǹеģ
ȻİҹҲǰղѣ֪ԼȻܿƵöĬһֳԽĸожôΡ
ĬһϲˣֻǸպϲֱϲĸоĺܰǲһĨЦݣƺԼ֮ǰĪĸоҲڵõõĽ͡
룬ӦҲϲİҹİɡ
ô죬İҹ̫ɰˣĬɹһЦ˭˵ϲˡ
İҹ΢΢һ㶣ЩĬ˼ˣĿһɣһָоԾһĨϲֲš
Ĭʲô˼״Ӳң
İҹƽʱô䵭һˣ֮ҲȫһһᵣĻš
Ĭüһסİҹļϸʳָİҹ°͡ԭǱİҹ˰Դ΢΢ż⣬вһĨϷ֮⡣
ҹӿɲڱװǿȡôҲҪҵĬǵЦݲԽãҵʵҲһɣǺǣҺúÿ㣡
İҹһǱĬᱡ
ô꣬Ĭǵһôİҹ˵ˣ˭עǸڲͬĴڡ
㣬ҷſİҹȫϰദģʽѵС˻Ҫ治ɣǺһУҪˣ


282 İҹ⣬ף2
ۡ
ĬһԺȴǲ뵽һвôĻ棬һ쵽ʲô涼˵ˡ
𣡡İҹһڻĬ˼ǲǹһ⡣ʶҪȥǷԼȻҪ˵ץסĬˣúվŶЩѡ
Ĭ㵽׶ʲô߳ŭضĬһ֪Ϊʲôǵͨ죬һղűɽĮģ
ҹͺ˵Ҳһ򲻹㡣ĬϻһĨСһĽ
޹ǵСϻȴ޶˸İҹһֲֹĸоİҹɺһһ˲˲ضĬףҪֹȴָоֱ͸ˡ
ҹ֪֪ǿɰˣԭϲңĬü΢۵ŨŨϲãֳ䶨ĸо
ѾİҹȻĬܲʾʲôһں֮ǰͱİҹ˰ɡ
İҹһеĵĬ֮ѾΪУʲôʣˣĬҪĽǡ
Ʋȥڲ˵ˣʼɢƵȥĬ۾Ĳ鲻Ը˵һҪ棬Ǿøɣԡ
ĬһһȫİҹɰģڻˣԭϲһôĸоǳԽһУֻԱ𣬻һԭֵĵ߶ΪԷı䡣
һİҹһǣĬֺγԵԼϲѽ
ҹʵûи߹㣬ϲ㣡
ǱĬһڣĸоͺѾһһİҹһŲƲ棬˫ȷߴĬ׵Ҳϲ
ѾµĬĸ飬ȵĬ׿ڳҪ壡
һŲĬİҹʲô˶һڴӦ
ȵݺݵضĬף˵ʲô˵һ飡ϲңϲңϲ۵׵Ļϲ֮ôס
ﻹһ֮ǰıɽģ
㶼˲ǣĬϺģҲû뵽ôɣһҸĸоĵֵĳ֮󣬱Ѿע֮ĸ˰ɡ
İҹɿƲסشЦ˵飬
ҺøˣĬҵˣ
ʱ˭˭⣬Ĭʾع˹֣üһװĬʦȷӲҪҰѧԺй涨ʦ֮䲻̸ɡ
İҹкݺݵһͻȻԼʯͷԼŵĸоͬʦܹʱʱ̿̿ĬȴΪһܺĬһ
УҪȥȥʦְ񣡡İҹһ¶˾ģĬӲˣҵģлâǼᶨȷһ֮Ҳıˡ
İҹԵӣĬȴǲůůģǺǣǾͿˣһҹʦȽϺãҲѾ
ͺáİҹһв뵽ʲôһЩ黹Ҫźã֮󲻹ĬȥȥûκܰǷֿ
еһ£ĬҲٳɣԼһȥǿ¶ӴԼǲǱĵʦƤˡ
ˣҾȻȥˣǿɰİʦԱɡ
ĬüһԼղİҹǵҩۣھİҹҪֹĽŲЩˡ
˵ĬǲİҹһתҪ뿪Ǹոȷĵһ죬ֱˣΪĺ
ĬĿסİҹĻСİҹˡ
֮ǰĬɾ˵ˣϲǿߣһǿ߾ôױһССԻҩסԺαĬ˺
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ŵԼǰİҹôܶˣ
İҹһȻҲĬûжʲôصҩۣѾˣôĬ׼òҾ𣡡
İҹԴɳƵػĬˣס˺ҪԼԻҩۣĬҲڸղ˵⻰ʶһ¶ֺõЦݣҹղžᣬлú˵㲻Ҫˣ
ôõĻᣬŹİҹһӡ
Ĭˣİҹǰһһ֮䣬ĬѾİҹƵǽǣ޿ˣֱֻİҹ⡣
ҹ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôҶڵǻȥ
İҹ˿ΪҪǽһ֮⡣żǻҲ


283 İҹ⣬ף3
İҹԽô˵Ĭо͸ӽţʲôҲĪھǽ첻Ӧеصز״̬䵽İҹֻԡ
ҹлú˵ܲһ㣬е㴭ˡĬ˵һŰСǵͨ죬Ҳ֪Ϊ߻ǽţҪﶼӦˡ
İҹһҰ㣡
ȵĿһ˲˲ضĬĺ촽ղžССĺ촽ԼգôܴķҷԴӺĬ˯֮İҹҲûа취ǹζ
޿̣ҲǿԼ
ĬһݺݵصİҹĶ˿ʵԼǰ˲䱻ŴһѣҲûҪȥѡʱĬоԼѾʧȥ˼һȻˣ
İҹˣ
ȵϢڳݼƣʪĺһѻ񣬳׵ȼеǴС磬һ˶Ҫȼյˡ
˫һĬоԼһֻ֮ʶرסİҹļ򣬲֪ԼҪʲôӦźãֻܸİҹߣģнŵĲܿԼ
ˣĬһĵԼǵһΪǶϢȥˣĻǲǶˣ
İҹõ㣬ɿĬļƵд޾ĳ磬Цˣɵ
Ĭһ²־ݺݵصһİҹߣɵأСģôŶ΢΢ռֱ˲Ҫȥٺݺݵؿһڡ
һжҪʿɶֹĬףԼٶŪĬĻ֮󶼲Ըѭ򽥽á
Ĭһİҹ˵⣬һܾúʲôҪһĵĪȻһĨڴ
ȻİҹֻһһĬļ򣬡ˣʱ䲻ˣǻȥɣȻļСΪҰˡرǿһֱ֣˺ݺݵشġ
Ĭһͣղˣ
лһĨɻƺûдӸղŵзӦǼĬһŵģټԷôɵģ˼ʸС
İҹص˵ĬĶͷһ˵ǵĬҪҶʲôаȵͺһ̳ļ𣬹ͻˡ
ǱİҹϷˣ
ĬвɻһĨŭƿİҹļŲ
߿Ҫȥˣ˵ˣ
ĬԼҲûз֣һǶ֮Ĭһ˶òһˣоͺǿƲסİҹ
ĳС˶ߣİҹںȴǲɵЦԭԼϲһ𣬻һôĵ顣ȥ׷ĬĽŲһ£úһ֮ĸҲһ¡
һĬˣԺͲҪˣ
ֱҲĬӰİҹϵЦݲʧкֻһˡ
һ￴ãҪҰŪ
һһԼʵ˲٣ͷȴǲɿʼð亹Ĭ֮ĸ飬Լ᲻߳ŭԼˡһѾԼ¶ˣԭأǶİҹս
һԾ룬İҹǰ˫ϥأһݼ
İҹһ䣬һް𣬡㶼ˡ
϶İҹĬƬֵʱ򣬾ѾһĴڡİҹ֪Ĭɬ֪ﻹڵĻ϶¶ʵĸ飬ûнҴһĴڡ
²ҡԾһѾʪһƬʵİҹӰ̫ǿȫѹ
ֱͦҲֻܰϣİҹԼЩ궼ǾľķϣŹһأȻҲֻˡ
İҹʲô£
Ҫ飬һҲʮˣİҹһִֻİҹһˣȻΥİҹ顣
һвɺݺݵһԼ˼ǲ׼׷ðˣϵȴԽǼѾʼѰңͨС
ʱһҲ֪ԼҪô˵ˣİҹǰϲĬˣδޣⲻĽࡣ
һΪѵӣİҹεȴѾϲµԼҸ׼ԼȥĿˡһӣ°ɣס
ǣ
һգ۵ʱ䣬ҲһӰͺղŷһвһˡ
İҹĿ⿴ԶʣȴǲԾһĨЦݣܿЦʧЩҲǵҪȥʱˡ


284 ĬΣħƻ1
Ĭ磬Ǹ浼ʦ׽ȥʲô㲻ӣǲ˼ݺݵزˣ
ôһʱʹĥϫô𱩵Ǳİҹĥƽǣʱ˵оһ顣
֮ٿϹӮ˵ȻҲõȥĬȴɵúܣһ̩Ȼı飬֪˻ΪĬûвμѵĲôñз
ϫСԹȻϫ⻰ҲϹҪʵĻһ˶俴ĬĬͲΪİʦӣֺһҲã
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣ˭Լܹùİҹ
΢΢ҡͷˣҺǵѵǿһģκ˵ĳһˣǻҪһǿѵȡ
ĬĻش𣬼ֱ˱ĸо⵽׻ǲֵˣ
ϴʵ̫ײˣؾǷ¶վĬߵӮҪ²ˣϴôİʦԽԽأ
߳īߺڣ
ĬʱҲǺܹİҹΪҪϲϲЩˣʱ䷢Լʹ˳ϵʱ򣬶ҪǻԴȡܱߵתٶȱոӿ˺ܶ࣬ѵԽԡ
ϵʵߣûһǿΪܣںҲԵЩˣİҹѵֲⷽĶ̰塣һϣǲӦųİҹӦȥлİҹѵһӶ뵽óԼܼ޵ķʽԼ
ѵûзʱ䣬Լڵľ˳ˣȥ֮һ˵ȶ˲١ĬһĿ䵽ڲ²۵ϡ
Ϲ΢΢һ㶣ʱ䶼Ҫ̱ˣһͷ˯ţﻹע⵽ЩĬǹһֱᷢ֡
ԼھвһĨŨŨľϲľȷ˳˺ܶࡣ
⣬ǣﵽʵľ֮ҪõһѾǺѵģھת죬ڶսʱһƣҶûз֣һʱȥȻӴĸо
Ҫ˵ϹҲ¶ŨŨľϲ
ϫ͸ˣȫûҪȥԼĸ飬һסĬļ򣬡Ĭ磬˰벻浼ʦеõġ
ϫסĬɻ˽е㲻ӦĸоҲûƿһϫļ΢΢
Ŀ䵽ϣ˵ǸӦǸлİʦѵúϰиͻơ
ܾĬԴλʦһмƺŲͬѰĹϵ
ϫһվԱϸĬĬ磬ܾرάλ浼ʦǲǸ㲻һչˣСˣ
ĬһܿϫƵĿ⣬С˵е㲻˼ˣ˵ҲĻƺܵ˲һĴ
Ƕ𣬽ӱİҹӺѵȨûκ˽˸ԣĬʱҲһ档
ҶѾϰİҹַһĥҲ򲻹˼ңֻа²ۼھĬ֮вİҹһĨŨŨ𾴺ͳݡһʵʵ߽
ȻǱ֮ǰǿ˺ܶǺòײǸոӦ֮ǰǿȣҪӦӴѹ
ĬϵҲÿһС˫ᶨǿԼŬתڵԼӦ涼صѹϮʱоһǳʹ飬һʱ䣬ıʪ͸Ѿˮš
״̬ʱİҹǼеȻѵǿǼӴ˲١
ӮѾ˵ЩˣĿ⿴Ĭϴֲ֧סˡ
ĬһͻȻӴѵǿȣӮ˵̫ˣǜϫҲЩֲ֧ȥˡУԲˡ
ҹǳȥӮ͜ϫܲס
İҹĬǽӱ֮ûɿעȻҲһʱ俴ӮԼ߽󣬵ĿһĬϹ𣬡ҰǴȥ
˵ҲʲôܾĻᣬ˳ְќϫӮ˴ǿѹӱ״̬İҹ˵ƺûκãɵؽ֮Ǹɵ뿪ǿߡ
Ϲһ״̬ҲͱȜϫǺһ㣬вһŨŨѹҪøǿ󡣲ǿܹػԼˡ
ĬһΣ˭ֵܼ󣡡


285 ĬΣħƻ2
˱ȽϣƺҲ˷ܶĶҲԷɢһѹ
Ĭһѽͱһȣ˭ֵܼøһЩ
˵е˶ǼΪĬر۾Ŀ˼̶ϱԼڡ
ĬֱͦԺȴǿʼ߲ӰؾַʽɢԼעԼȫעĻ
ľȻ˵ľɡ
ԭʹıҲ𽥱ƽȥԼԼڵֻȫļ˼ʶʱǷǳѣʱƣĬҲʼȫ侲
ʶСڻűʹʲôЩٶۣͺһոտʼϰĺӣںܶ෽滹ԵòǺܳ졣ĬвֻҪֵףûʲôġ
ΪΪһССѶ
Ӽоʼ߲Ӱؾôһ죬Լøӵĳ
Ѿȫһ棬Ŀе飬˭ΪʲôͳͳǵˣΨһͷеıܹһٿһ㣡
Ĭҵ״̬ϹûôˣֵܹھѾһǳ׵飬ĽȻҲǷǳֵÿ϶΢΢һϹһĬƺȫûҪ뿪˼аһ̬
֣һʱ䣬ϫӮҲǻˣȻĬϹ˵
İʦϹӦҪˡϫһ֪ĬǼмģϹҲȻܹôá
˵䣬ϹԼӵվһ۽ڤ˼״̬ĬᣬŵĬľޣ˳
İʦҳˡϹһĨõЦݣֱʱ򻹲óɿ£紵˵ͷƮݵĸо
İҹ΢΢ͷѵÿ佱һΣúܺáԭ׼ԼȥϹҲû뵽ϹѵĸԼ߳һĺͲ˭еġ
ھʣĬˡϹһˬԼоµϸһҸζһ벻ȻôЧǿĬҪͻˡ
˵ϹҲ˲õطϯضȴϣаɫΧΧ
İҹвһĨ⣬ȷϹҲ˵ѵһʣξĿ飬ͻƣԺȻд컯
ϫӮ໥һۣҲû뵽ȻϹҪͻˣ
ǶϹ𻤷ʦĬɡϫĿһȻѾ뵽˶Ӧ֮ϹڵȶѧԺ˽˵ѵأղŽʱİҹѾΧ趨˽磬Ȼʲô˴š
˵ϹҪȶöˣĬ˭ҲĬ浽Ρ
İҹ΢΢ͷĿ¿ĬķǲԾһĨЦݣһоȵĬ֮󣬾һȫһ̥ǣ
ĬͲʧ
һĬɲ֪˵뷨ҲѾﵽһľ磬һһµľ磬û·
ʶеС˶ٶԽתԽ죬ĬԼʱ򶼷ֲС˶Ķȴһּ㣬ͻָտɴ
ȻԽֹؼʱԽ׳һЩ⡣
ĬɺݺݵšüģĵйĪĸоԼһδ֪ķܵؿʼܣӦȴǿƲסԼϵԽѿԭƽϿʼֳһĨɫ
İҹһֱעĬһͣã
˷Ӧ⵽ǷʲôֻİҹҲǳĬķȥ
ϫ˫ȭô죬źĬˣȻİҹҲ¶ɫ
ʶҪĬ߹ȥҺӮʱס˜ϫĸ첲㲻ȥţȥڰȶϹϴǱеʦڣµġ
ϫȫĲӮ˵ĻҲǼΪġֻܺݺݵǿԼ侲ĿԽûа취ĬŲˡ
ϣһжûвźá
İҹڿĬԵʱ򣬱ֱӴ˽Ŀ䵽ʹĬϣǵһͻԼˡ
⻹ǵһİҹо֣Ĭʹı飬İҹȻԼʲô鶼ˣֱĸоŽʹࡣ
ĬѣҪǰˣİҹҲ֪ĬǲܹԼΪһֹܹĬȥȻ߻ħģ


286 ĬΣħƻ3
ȻİҹĺƺĬһоûУʲô
󣬹˼壬пԸܵƽʱٱѹ⵱ȻҲһּõĶ˵ķĥǵͬʱʵǱ˴вӵѵ
ȷôĺôͬʱȱȻҲǴڣ˳ܲסʩӵѹûмʱ뿪ôȻһּˡ
ҲΪ֮ǰİҹڿϫӮ֮Ǵԭ
ȻĬڵֲһ
İҹҰĬ״д
ĬڶԿħȴһķסħǿȻͬʱҲĬתһ̶ϴﵽһ̬ƽ⡣İҹҲȷʱĬȥǲһ£ûѹĬħǷײС
ͬģĬҲԲһ£Ҳ˵ĬͻƵҪͷ΢һؾͿܻ𼫴ĺΪֵĻĬ⣬ϢңںħԭڷɢӦ˴룬һСģܾͱอ
İҹݺݵšüģĿһ˲˲ضĬҲŨŨĳɣ˫չַ£֪ԼҪôźá
ʲô鶼İҹ꽹ǣĬʱȴȫûˡ
ĬסͦȥԵģ
İҹץסĬ֣򣬡Ĭ֪õһССħ
ʲôһССħһΪΪȲħһ󱨷ģΣΪȫޡ
Ĭɲ˲ͣס˽Ųڽǰˡ
Ϥ˭
ص֣ȫֱ治ǰ·ĬѣӦжԼʶҪȥòײǿǵͻƵżܷ
ħܾʹ˷ŹĬ
ҪߣĬΪͿѵ㲻֪ΪʦһͱӡΣעһ
ȻĬħʲôȻһ
ĬСǱ˳ΪΪһ㣬¶ûиʲôɫҪǿѷĳƺѾΪеִĬһԭӵ壬ϰ߲ؾϹŴУһ仹ǻƲסĵġ
Ѿжû˽һԼӡһ׮׮һѹĬͷĴʯͷŲ
ȻĬͣסŲħٽǺǣĬ㲻֪Ϊʲôᱻӡ𣬲ٴγΪ˽㣬Ҿ㣬ɣӴû˸۸㣬ǿǿߣ
ƻ𣬱ǿĬ˵Զܾ˵⣬ȫԭء
ʲôĬԼô˵
аȵ𣬡ʲôҪʲô֮ӴҪģͳͳ԰ʵ֣ǿ۷֮·
ĵһջĬŶԷȴ˿ԣƾʲô㣡ԼʶˣĬܵҲǾ衣
ңƺЦЦһһ˵Ҿ㣬ң˵һƭɣ߰ɡһβ޵ջ󣬾ôƻˡ
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սĬĶߣݺݵ˵ĬţϸȻҾ͵ô˵㣡涼ĺѣǲǺܴ̼
Ĭ߻ħˣİҹҲûʲô˼ɣҪĶˡ
ĬʲôУİҹһ˲˲ضĬϬĬѵֻС껹С̣㲻ȥɱǣ
İҹĬĶ߶߶˵ţв󣬿ⱲӶû˵ô໰һȫ˵Ĭˡ
һʱ䣬ϹҲ˹¶һĨЦݣҳɹͻˣ֮ϲһ۱ǶϜϫӮģһͣͻҲϲһ£ûѰ֮˰


287 ǿ֮ģ˳ף1
ʱ򲻹Ӯǜϫ붼ûϹ˵Ц˳ͻƣзԽĬġ
ϹһֻһˣĬ
ģôˣĬʲô飬ôûпѲ棡˵һӵ˳ķȥ߻ħ
ϹӡУĬȻԼŴϻѺܶྫҲԲ·ҲģվôԶܸܵϱҵϢ
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ˣĬȻͻƣ߻ħĽ࣡
ϫһϾħˣ
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Ϲ˵עصΪǣǵһǵĥԲŻħһ˵
ĬʳôܻᾭħϫǲǿˣϹһ
ᣬҸħĬһģһϫüĽеĬֻпĬԼֹ
˲֪ϫݣϹȴúܣ˵ԺѾ˳ͻƵ죬Ҳ֤ˡ
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ĬüģѾ׼ǰߣȴǳİҹݺݵһ죬˻ʲô˵ĳֱҪҧĶˣ
ģ
һСÿԵγѪİҹһֵڸʲô
ĬţΪʲôѹĺǣŹ㣬ӵõΪʶûϵ𣡡İҹһ䣬򲻵Ҳʹ취
ץסĬᶨĬΪ˸ԼһĨʶͽڣȻİҹҲҪͬİ취ĬѾİ취ˡ
İҹһɵİնûС
ħһţ˾ȻĴĬʶǷ˲ɣ
ץʱջĬĿһĬ㵽׻ԥʲôѵ㲻ǿˣ㣬ҿ԰㣬ʵеԸ
ƵĶĬϴħֻҪ˶ԷƲסҪ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ŶԷ
ұǿҪô
⻰֪ϷʱȣħҪİҹ׷֮ǰĬߡĿȻϺõ书ֻҪѧûʲôѧ˵ģȵѧɵʱ򣬱ɨµʱ򣡡
ĬѾɶħ
ѵҪ֪Լ׵Ϊʵǿĸ׻㶼ҪĬ㲻𣡡
ֻҪѧʱĹҲûֹܹ㣡Ҫʲôȥʲô
Ĭǹ˹鿪ʼƽһǺǣŻú˵ӣ֪ʲô𣡹ɲûŮûпУȻ֮·ҹįİ
ü΢΢һ鹫ӡ
ħɺݺݵس˳ǣĬǸŮ˰ҪҲˣҪŮʲôҪǿ˵
ֻҪߣеģɡħ𣬡ĹˣͳͳУ߰ɡлһĨġ
Ĭ˵Ȼƺڿ⣬Ҿûе㲻㰡
ħҪĬŪˣûмô̰ġ
㻹ʲôҪģһ˵ɣͳͳˣħԼûз֣ԭջĬΪȴǱĬƫˡ
Ĭƺ˼ħ⻰ϸŻʲôҪġ
ü΢΢¶һСһЦݣϤĬˣ¶Цݣ϶Ҫˡ
ˣ
Ĭ֣˵뾡ɽˣһ˲ҪģȻҲ⡣Ҫǿӵɽˣͺá
ǡô¶һḬ̃
ħһȻ̰ʲôҪãͳͳ㣡룬Щġ
ܿ˰ɡ
ˣҪõЩ㵱ȻҲʲôȥǿħҲӦ˵̫ҲС
Ҫƭˣ
ƭȥɡ
Ǻǣ˵һ𣡡ĬĿһǹһĨĻȡ


288 ǿ֮ģ˳ף2
ҿƭңħǵһαһ˸ƭˣɲС߳ŭǺǣɲˣ㲻ҲҪߣ
ħϹʱڵһλˣһ֮ħ֮׷ɱһĨʶõ棬ɽŨŨԹޣֹһĨʶڵħ
һħǿԼĹƻ֮Ի־֮ˣ֯
ǺǣħԽˣĬ𣬲κ¶ȵ䵽ħϣĿħһ
ħܿ췴ӦѵһССķ˲ɣ
һߺߣԽôҺΣԹԺߣĲоӲģħıĬˣȻҲΥ顣
ҪߣǾͿûˣ
Ĭ䵽Ĭϣͺǰ￴һƮ־ġ
üһѪɫѪұȻ֮
֪ʲôʱĬϼһѱȻ֮ǰĬ⣬Ķߣ⣬þò
ⱦܵ˵ζɢƵĹâƺĬŻϲ֮飬Ĭůů겻ξͿǵˣ
ⱦ˷֮ԾԾԵسħķȥ
һмƣ
ħӦʱ䶼ûУ߱ԼϮʱ޷֮
ϹˣڱħʵͬСħܱɵҪ򵥺ܶ࣬ЩνҲħ޿κΣΪЩ֮ˣ󷴶ǳħ
ħŮ˵ϣһж
ħΪԸˣһˣĬķüĵһĨѩԽұˣԺвɸֳһ˵ӰҲҫ۱ˣ˾Ȼغϵ һ
вһĨſ־壬㣬㣬㲻ĬҶҶˣһƽ⣬ǰҶˣ
ɽ֮ħħзʼܹҶ飬вɼѡ
ҶҶˣ
ʲôɽˣһȺòȻļһˣ
Ů򣬲شħһȥ֮ˣ
Ů⻰ħвӵĵݺݵСͷȻлɱ֮˵ﻹܿõħӰӣܵõҲٶȡ
ǰħˣŮ˺ݺݵһͽȻȥ
Ů˶սħʱİҹѾˣһμŮװĬһʱ֮侹Ȼǿˣ˫ŽԭأҲŲһ㡣
ĬȥǷӦȥסԷĬԲˣ㻹𣡡
Ů˶İҹϤףбŷһĨ貵Ĺâ֪ǳᣬһۿй䣬һĨľ㡭
İҹһֻסĬʱ򣬲ܸоûаԼҪʧȥ
Ů۽ǵۣһĨĪʹĵ𣬾ͺĿڱݺݵһҪһ䡣
ĬĬѣҪ˯ˣҴȥ
ǹһᣬĬ΢΢˫ۣİҹĵݣҹôǸƭأȥɵȻҶƭ˵ĬҪİҹĻվһս⡣
㲻ǵˣ
İҹ϶˵ȴǲ¶һĨȣĬȻʲôǵˡ
ĬأһȦûп֮ǰǸˣתͷİҹҹǸ˸𣬾ôŹ̫ˣһղİҹ⣬ʲô𣡡
Ǹ˭ֻҪĬû¾ͺã΢΢ҡͷûʲôǵĬҴħĿ֮ǰˡ
ĿĬһ죬ٵͺһͻǻһİҹһۣҺأѾģħһˮƽûУҪʲô͸ʲôҵСƭˣĬôƭ𣡡
˵һ㣬ĬоԼ֮ǰȻħĻ
԰׵СûʲôѪɫһ࣬Ŀ΢ϰ֮ˣηأ¶ҪԼȥȥǿһǿ֮ģ
Ĭ˫ȭкɣҲ죡
İҹһͣĬ貵⣬ǳҪҫۣŲ۾
һǿ֮ģ
İҹҲĬ赽ˣƺʲôƺʲôһĸо
Ĭ˲գֺۣǺ͸ղǸŮغϵһţ


289 ǿ֮ģ˳ף3
Ĭһ죬İҹǰһرסԼͺҪһڽһѾģ˵˶
İҹĽڲأ
Ǹİҹȥˣ˷ǷַӾҪѹ
Ĭһǻǵأ֮ǰɲİҹԼ˵ҪŴԼҪ˺СС̣վʲô
һ˵Ķ޹ǵСİҹĶһƤĺҵ˺һһ£ת˷˾µ°͡
䡪һİҹоԼʲôѿѤõ̻һ俪һȫӲޱȣȻ˷Ӧ
ԽԽÿôŶһСåڵϷУİҹǸϷˡ
Ĭˣ˿ûע⵽İҹɫı仯һаȵСİҹꡣ
ߺߣҸղź˵ҪңţĬҧгݣѾģİҹҪҪߺߣҪɱҵ裡ǲǣ
ָ޵ػİҹĲӣһĨΣյ⣬ɵĬЦøӲˣҪİҹһ
ҹ˵ҪôԸǺǣ
һѻڲİҹһǣҪ
ĬӦ˲˵ȨһٶȿľĬԼӦɻؿһǰˣǱѹˣ
ҿ
Ȼѹˣ
к޵İҹˣŮһı顣
˶Ĭʶ治ܷʲô˶֪οԺҪĬ˵Ůװ֪Ҫȵ£İҹܴλᡣ
Ĭ˫סԷҪ˫ֱͷϣĬİҹѹסһСǵͨ죬֪ûߵġĿһİҹһĨаȵЦݣһ¶׵Ļ
ҹ㿴ǲǺ
Ů˶İҹһЦһЦɲǼʧɫҲҲʲôܺġ
֪ĬڹջԼΣİҹĸԸΪջ󣬺һѹֵµ𣬡
ڼĬ֮İҹоֻĬһˣҲݲһˡ
ĬһŮ˾ͺˣ벻ĬŮװȻôǣֻҪһ񣬾ͿİҹԲѡ
İҹĻشĸ˲ϲ˵ԼƯο˻Լϲˡ
һסİҹĲӣĬĿһİҹǰ¶ˣĬӦȻŮװʱе־Ҳǲ
ǺǣҲϲģôİҹӦҲԹԼŮװˡ
İҹǺˣһ˲֮󣬾ӦԽϧǰСˡϵĶԽᣬĬҵͷСģĬԼһˮһ
һһ˲ˡ
ֻİҹ˵Ĭϲ㣬˻ŮˣԼͺãȻŮװҲǲΪκθı䡣
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣİҹѾĻΪԼΪŴŮװֺĬԼ֪Լʲôʱ򻻻ŮװȫֱŤģղŷʲôİҹ˵ĬдҲܲµһ㣬ȫû֪
ǸŮˣ
һǲ乴õЦݣһתѹİҹϣǺǣҹԼ˵ģ棡
İҹɫһԼʯͷԼĽŵĸоϵĬĻƺҲǲܽܡһдŻĳ磬ã棡
Բۣ
Ĭһֱ̣İҹյĸоԴ̹֮󣬾ͺʲôȫһˡԼڵϷİҹô˲䣬ĬȻԼǱԷϷĸо
һİҹôȥԼƲס
ɫ˰
ϵı飬ѾܾˣǿȥɣȻҶҪȼˣ
Ĭϻŵȫȥİҹϵı飬ĵ׻һĨ֪Ƿɻʲôź̾Ϣ
Ȼİҹûз֣ǻǲҪ˵ˣΪԼǸ˰ɣԺҸõʱٸͺá
ãǳȥɡ
˳ʶĬ˫ۣвɻһĨŨŨľϲҹҽˣĬҲ뵽Լд֮Կħͽˣ
֮ǰĬʳڣһںڣֱӽڡ
Ҫ֪Խǵ˺ԽѽףӲ˵Ĭ׵βĬм
İҹлһĨ϶ܺáѵ¶һĨЦݡ
ĬĬϹǺݺݵһ̫ˣĬˣ


290 ٱһǣ1
İҹҪĬһᣬȻǺʱ滹ĬѧѹסĵҪݺݱסĬ뷨ǳȥɡһЩҪץٶˡ
Ĭİҹ˴߳ϹȲΧȥ
Ĭô
Ĭ磬㻹𣡡
ϴҪҪȥҩ㿴
˼ͬһʱ俪ڣ˵ݴͬС죬˶Ĭĵģ´˺üĬȷûʲôǷġ
ĬһůĸܵǼԼĹģ΢΢İɣûˣھأ
ĬҲ˵ѣǺݺݵһ
ϫҲܱô룬˵סĬĸ첲Ĭ磬㶼֪ңжൣ㣡û¾ͺãղ̫Σˣֱڜϫ뻹¡
Ĭ΢΢ĜϫļԲŮı飬ᣬİɣⲻǺúõģԺ󶼲ˣǵˡ
İҹһ˵Ŀ䵽ϫϣŮϲĬ
֮ǰòһ橣һȻ橸鷳ŮˣİҹҲۣ̫Ҳһ¡
ϫоһ䣬ʶظо˭Լ
ϫ붼оˣӲ˵Ĭˣǳ˳飬ˣûˣΪҵġͶİҹһοĿ⣬Ȼ浣İҹöԸһԸϫˡ
İҹüһܵĬûгԴף
ĬһģһСŮ˳ʲôװ
ˣҶɢ˰ɡİҹ˵
ϹĬ ֱԼѾ͸ĬˡʵԼˣ
Ĭˣɴһ˿
ףѵǽ
Ȼм֮һ֣мĺȴ
ǜϫ뻹Ӯǲ˼ĿĬϫǾĬģɴһĬ磬Ľˣôǣ죡вɴһ˿ŨŨĲ˼顣
ϴ𣡡ӮƲסؼһģϴ󰡣
Ĭһ߹ȥһϹļ򣬡СӲⶼ㿴ˣ
˼ǳˣĬĽˣ
ȻϹѾµˣĬ׿ڳϣǲܵصĴҿĬȻĳɹˣ񰡣
ҵĿ⿴ţĬҲɾЩ˼ˡ
װӣԼ䣬ʲô֪ӣǶôʲôĪҳ̫˧ˣһһĨаȵЦݣǾҺ˧ҲҰмˣ䲻Ȣ
Ĭ⻰ϹͲвˬˣѾĬŰҶ첻ʶˡ
Ĭһ˭ῴ㰡үϲӣˣϹ˵ͺǹΪʲôһԽǴ磬Խ˾á
Ĭǹ˹ϹļѵüôըëӣҲǾȤϹ֪˰ŶϲŮӣϲңôʲô
Ĭаȵ⣬ϹȻô˲ˣһ죡
ֻкݺݵ²һĬжô˲䣬ʱ򣬾ȻĪĲĸо
˦Ĭĸ첲Ҫܿһ߿߿Ҫﰭűү۾ǿᣡȻүˣϹرĬĿ⣬໹ڿٵ
ĬҲٴȤϹ𣬻ָɫʵϹҲˣ̶ʱͻˣջ١
Ϲһ㶼Ĭ˵һǽףССͻƣںĬĶԱ֮£˲䱻ʣˡ
Ҳ˵Ϲ߰תͷ
ʵĬվһȽϾһܲѡִ
Ȼϫȫһˣһ䣬ҲЦݣղĬ˵Ѿϲˣ
Ĭ磬Ѿϲˣ˭˭ǸоԼ̬Ⱥǲãϫ΢ıһĬ磬ϲˣǣ׻ûֵ֮ˣ
ʱദ˶óϫǿĬˣ˵⻰ȻŮˡ
Ӯǵؿһۜϫ룬תĬ
԰ϴǿļҹˣδɩ˭ôҲӦôֵܼ
ĬĿһ״ؿ˿һİҹĿԽһһӮ˵öԣɩǴɩǴɩأҶһĶ֣ǼŵɣԺлȥ
Ĭ⻰һɾ֤ʵ˸ղŵĻĬϲˡ
ϴ֮ǰ˵ûϲˣôһӾͱˣӮ˵Ŀǿһۜϫ룬ǿϧˡ
Ĭ˽Ĭڣİҹˣ⼸Ϣѵ


291 ٱһǣ2
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣֮ǰҲûİҹ˵飬ôͻȻôãǼڡĿתİҹİʦʲô𣡡
Ĭĵ⣬İҹãſҲ˳۶ˣ³ȥһӣԼһᾡû뿪ѾʼİҹԼĬĶˣ֮¡
ʲôϢİҹ뿪˸˵
ûУûУ
ϫǼͲˣŴħ治ұֳеЦȴôβס
ħİʦȥɣͶൢһʱҲû⣬ǶԼúöģԲṼһϣϫһģϹӮҲαʾİҹףԸ
İҹĿ䵽Ĭϣ˸ǿɫ
ĬƲƲܾİҹʲôԼȻҲô뿪ȻİҹԸ˵飬ôʣа취عȥ
ʲôʱߣң㣡
ϫ뼸һһ㶼ȥʹħðɣĬֱǰ·ϿӰȻǲұֳ
԰԰İʦ뿪ʱһҪ㡣
ˣԼͺáİҹĿһֻҪһ͹ˣߣѮѧԺһۺһʱ
ߣǼҪ˰޲öҪгˡ
Ĭһͣô磡
ţȥأĬҹɢɡİҹ˵Ҳʲôֱת뿪
ĬҲ̫Ҫİҹ˵ģԱǱ˸Сͷȥȥõġİʦʲô
ΪİҹǲŸӵģǱˣȫĬĶ֣ȫԱƱİҹһĬڶѾͻƴﵽ̫ѵľ磬һȴʶĬ򲻹İҹʵİҹѾһɳԽĸ
ϫĺİҹѾߵ㣬İҹһƳ֮½ˣǱʲôѹסһ
Ĭ͵ʦţһϵһȾƣϹһסϫ룬һֻ첲סӮ˿뿪
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣ˵Լô⵽ͷһߵӰˣ⻹Ǹ
ǺҡİҹȴǲǰһѰĬ§ߡ
Ĭһ죬컯֮£İҹͶԼֶţ
ſб˿أĬĿһܣһҺǼһܵù죬ҲûһҪתͷһ۵˼ȻֱӿԼİҹôˡ
ǲͷİҹȤζعĬŶԷĺΣǿɰˡ
ҲκˣĬӲİҹ֮ǰȥİ֣ݺݵһһǰˡ
İҹ㵽ڸʲô
ǡöԷ˿ϧ⣬ΪûпղһĻ̾Ϣ
ʲô˼ѲɻҪ˶֪ڸ䲻ɡ
ȻĬ룬İҹһЦǿϧˣȻ˶֪ǵĹϵͲһ㣡
˵һ㻹ã⻰ĬͲɺܵõİҹӣҲҪñֱ֪֪ԼȻѧԺĵʦֻٷ粨
İҹҲ֮ĸ飬ǶĬһܵģһųңˣ
ˣɢһɱζ
Ĭһ飬ĸİͻȻڵİҹͺֱŤСһҪ˳ë
֮󡭡
ǰһһ§סİҹĲӣüһǺǣ˵أˣİҹһǣڵرʾȨʲôµģ
Ĭü͸ŨŨİζҵģ
ɲǼ䣬İҹĺʧ紺绯ѩһᣬﻹʲôĵط
˳ë˳ˣ
ĬԽNɪˣǱеˣԼʱ򣬻ʵʵġ
İҹĬģ
š
ȫĬзӦĻᣬ͵Ϯɹ˳ô
˶Ѿ͵˻ܹסԣİҹҪԼǲһˣԲûɣİҹһʵˣһֻĬˣ
ĬκĻᣬ籩һӭ˵ĺڱǼĬе˼
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ԼǱİҹˣ
ʲôʱôˣҪϢ˰
ƺΪ˳ͷĬİҹԽ˫ֽŻСˣԼȫ


292 ٱһǣ3
ĬɸоİҹٲſԼҪɵһΪǶϢˣƫƫİҹʱӲûƿԷ
ˣˣİҹסˣɫ˰
ҲҺİҹ֪Ĭеⷬ뷨Ȼ϶á
ֱĬ֪İҹʲôʱſԼˣڴŴ΢΢ҡͷǶһ˵鰡İҹ㵽ѧļɣ˵ǲǱȥˣ
ݺݵصİҹĬֱɱˡ
ҿҪˣҪ˳ˣڶϢˣ
һߵؿİҹͺԷʲôԲԼӣȻĬ֪жˡ
СлŵϵģǿһİҹֻԼòײѹȥǴػ
֪ڲٶŪСˣİҹǹһĨĻȣȻ鼫á
ָŪĬҵͷûС
ʱĬķӦѾ˰ģ־ûдӸղǼзӦĿ䵽İҹϣʲôûеģվԶһ㣬ú˵
ϣİҹ˵ģҲֻĬһˣһƿİҹ
һԼĶڿİҹʱĬȻҪȥֱ
ĵĬ˼䣬΢һ㣬Ĭ״شһİҹԷʲôûȴǹԼңĵط
ԶİҹԶĬüһѾ˵ûйˡ
ߺߣӣҪˣһ˭ܵɽܣһСľͱˡĬбһİҹһϻǺܷĵģԼ۹⡣
ĬNɪı飬İҹֻĳ磬һֻ㣬κˣġ
ģ
ģ
ģ
Ĭһ˵黰ˣһظ㣬ģɱΪֲģ˲䱻İҹˣųһС
ǿƲסһĨõЦݣͷԣŶҵģĬлǵ£㣬ҹҪȥʲôҪҰæôôͻȻ
˵һ㣬İҹ۵׻һĨİâһ˲ţþĬⲻԼĴˡ
ãúҡ
ĬҲҪôʣûҪæİҹĵص˵ͷţҵҡҡ
һ죬Ǿ仰ô˵ˣһСǵͨ죬ɰˣİҹ̶᲻뿪Ĭߡ
һֱߣңλ֮Ҳ뿪ˣԽᶨ˾ġ
ǺǣĬһü⡣
뵽İҹһҪ뿪ĬͻȻ뵽ʲôӿڴ﷭һƿ˳ͳͳİҹ
ЩҴţĹЧдĺҲûʲôԸģЩҩƳҲáĬһֱʣһ־ʮƿϺõĵҩͺ۵İײˣûʲôҪġ
İҹҲͳͳ²غã֪ĬЩԼС˶Ƶģ⵱Ȼһˡİҹˣڱ˵ĵҩİҹоûжѶȡ
Ȼ⻻Ĭ͸ԼֱǱʲôҪҪһŨŨζɢ뵽ʲôȡԼЯ壬ݸĬִĿ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣İҹϾ⣬ѵԼʲô
͸ҵģĬ˳ֽӹ壬ůͣɫмһÿĽɫİҹͻȻһ͸Լʲô
İҹĿְסĬ֣תԴţġĬ֮İҹҲûҪö彻ˡ
İҹЩ˼ģĬһͣ壬ûмǴ滹һİ֣

Ĭɴ˫ۣǸҵĶ
Ѿİҹش𣬹ǿŶԷӣĬȻ˲ҪİҹȻӡ
໣ҹ㻹ҶĬһѾ֪ô˿̵飬Ҿ㼸ƿҩһҺûʲôԸ㰡
ͶұҲ
Ĭ壬İҹһƬ⣬İҹ˵ģͷϡ
ãˣİҹĶˣİҹôͻȻ뿪˵ȫȻǲܵģ·СģԼҪѧԺ㡣
˭˭ĸ˰ھĬҲ˵ˣպգľ
סİҹ֣һܸ㣡
һ뵽ҪԼܶİҹ̹ףĬһҲһ۶Էİҹϲ˰ɣ


293 ҹɱĬʧ٣1
ҹɫȡ
ԴϴĬ׮ߵҲİһʱ䣬Ȼ׮ûеõԼĿģȻô׾뿪ġ
ζڽ˵ʧأǶӣԹ̸֮ˣ֮׮Ϊصһˡ
׼ˡ׮лһĨݣڰҹɺӡ
ĻģǿɱְһİԶ֣ĬӣҫŽֵûʧֹ
ŮһЦвκθ飬ȻĬ飬ȻҲ
ģ˵ľĵ
ãж仰ȻˣֻҪȺϢǡ׮ǰһҪ§ס㣬Ůƺǰһ׮֣ȴҲԵÿɣˣĻʱҲˣиˡ
Ŷ뿪ı׮¶һЦݡ
ǺǣԽԽ˼ˣ˵Ŷ㻹ãްֶΣݾϲЫŮˣ׮߲ҪС׻ǶִжŮ˸ӷ
ǺܺáԴǶģʱһ˶ſ¡
׮лһĨ⣬˻䣬ˣȥɣȺİŵʱٽҡĬͷ׮ô˯š
棬Ѿİҹ뿪ĵ졣
Ĭ΢΢ͷźҹصƲҪѹôšüģܾʲôҪһ
Ĭ磬ʲôʲôÿ𣡡
ϫѧĬӣͷգһǶܲȻʲô
⼸ûİҹĶ٣ȻǼҲҪʱúþһ£Ϻ˲پƣڶЩ΢
ϫ΢űƽʱ˼ģȻѾˡ
΢΢촽ʲôûаĬ磬ʲôأ
Ĭ˵һĨâܵİѾᵽߣתͷϹӮҲȵĲ٣ǴϫȻȥһߡԷǳģ
ϹһĬ״̬ԣ
㣬Ӯ͜ϫȥ
ѵϹ̬ȣɫ࣬ӮвףȴҲʶ˵ͷãҺ͜ϫȻȥˡ
ϮϵľҲɢ˴롣
ĬϹ˶һۣһĨĬЦݣʲôĲ𣡡
Ҳ֪ϹʲôʱóԼǰȣΪɿţϵЦԽаȡ
Ĭ˼Ҳҳˣǻ߰ɣ˷ʱ䡣
ĬĿһˣ
һ˲ǰಡһʮˣ뻮һسĬǰǴӸղŵֿһʼʸ߽ףʣ°˸н׺ͳס
Ĭɵĵˣ͸ԷΪôֻֿܣһԷһͨˣһǶԷʵĬ֮ϣǰߺܿ㱻Ĭˣ˲Щ˵ͷ
Ϲɫһ䣬Ŀ䵽Էġڡ֣ս˫ȭǺҫŵˣ϶µһɱ֯ôѵǷˣ
˲κ𣬡۹⣬ϳŵˡУѾˡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣һ㶼֪ʲôҫţЩ˼Ȼвս˵ĵ
ôɣбŷƵ⣬Ѿ׼ˣϹȱ˭ٶȿ죡
Ϲһһûʧֵʱ򣬡Ĭ뿪ǳģҪңǲǵĶ֣Ĭ
ȻϹӦʱ䣬ĬȶˣֵܵĵһûпĬôģ콣ĬͨѪ䣬һһ
һЩдУöʱ䣬Ѿн׵ɱֱ֣ɱ˻ӽո۾գһ¡
ĬٶϹк̨ĵңҪ˧Ƥ
Ǽġ
ĬһֱǰЩɱֵɰײ˸ˡ
ǼʵúϹ࣬ÿϹ֣ĬѾͻƵ죬ԸĸֲûʲôĵطֻҪǸ˲֣
ôţĬֵٶȸӺݾʮɱһˣǧﲻУĸ֣
İ˵ģһҫŶûĵطƽ޲ĺд˿˸ƵĹʣжˣ
˲
˼
ĿһߣҲҺôҶĬϹǣס˽ŲȻҪ˿̺İĨ޵ЦݸԭİǻЦģ


294 ҹɱĬʧ٣2
һ˴򵹣ĬڿкݺݵһǸ˲׼ǣֵˡ
Ϲһһսĳ죬ԴԼ˳ͻ֮һֱȱʵսľ飬ֲһ㡣иԣǰһֱûгֵ˲Ϊġ
Ĭ˲һս֮ĸǺ˺ܶࡣ
Ӯˡ
ȳֵģ㣬СүûзԼȫʵ
Ӯˡ
˿źΪ˭Ӯ˴ĶʵϸͲܺǰǸˡ
űýԼܹ
ĬǸмְգϹ´һǸˣһ²⡣
ĬҲѵôһĨȷĳأһɣҿ͸ǵģҪʵĻĬ˵Լ˵һɵİնûС
ƽʱĬԱ⣬Ϲһܲһ㶼ˡ
ǳģߣסĬȥ˰æѾϹΨһܹ뵽İ취֮ǰĬѾǳˡ
ĬһҪֱȥˣҪҵۣ߲ͣҲ뿪ģ
̬Ҳס
ǳģʲôǲǿСүˣ᲻ңĬ˵𣡡ֱʱ򣬻鿪ЦĹҲϹˡ
ĬҲҪϹӸ˿úÿ浽װʲô
ߣҶǼˣһῴֻɫĬ¶һĨмҼŭϹˣߣҾͲϻбСүҸõģ
İǵĻȲԽˣȤΪ𣡡
˵ĴڸôܵԼ棬Ѻİһ˸׺ˡ
ĬϹ˶һۣ䲻⹥䲻
˼ͬʱһһҳźİȥؼʱﻹܹܵʲô壬ܹסԼСΪҪ
ȻǻС˺İ
ɱְһ鴫
ȫĬϹᣬ࣬ź浹ȥ˳ܿǵĹһƲɣҲûлᣬݼš
Ǻǣھǿҵˣ
ĬһãˣһץסϹĸ첲նյض㿪˺İĹǲһ˽ˡ
Ϲݺݵزһ亹ѾʪһƬղĬּʱѾûˡ
˭ģҪСүҵǸǮҼӱϹƵ֪ȥֻԼĬҲҪֻ꣬ôڡ
ʮƽ𡣽塣
İĿ䵽ĬϣƵ⣬ֵʮ
ǵһܹӺİӹʮУһܾ˵ˣܺãĬ
Ϲз߿Щ˵ҲµȥģʮƽԼͷ
ҿСүҵֵֻʮƽ̫С˰ɣöʮ˶ԷĹ
ӡ
ȫ̺İĿûдĬŲϹԼȻҲǷˣ̬ûи
ҿĿ㿴ʲôѲñҸӢɣҪҵҲǲԣӲϹ뷨
ĬݺݵšüģղһսϿǺûʲôˣĬԼղ˶ԷһƣλһֻǿһˡһһھѪ
ҧгݵϹұ죡ĬҲᶪԼĻ顣
ϹվĬߣȻĬڵȻҲ˵⻰
һְĬĸ첲嶼ѹԼϣⲻҲΪãȻҪ
ȻĬ˵ʲôİȴǿˣ˵ĻȴϹѪĸо
ҲҪ㣬Ҫ
˵ָָĬķ
Ū˰죬Щ˶ǳĬģϹǣǸˡ
ⲻѧѵĬһֵǮ
ԵĻĬĺҪݺݵһˣҪҪô롣
ղŵĻĬǻתһתİҪңղϹΪĬİ飬ڻĬˡ
ĬϹ𵱳ʲôˣôᶪ͵
ղĬϹˣϹ뿪Ĭܣ
ǺǣаİһоȻһ˿Īıƣû뷨Ȼˡô˭ɣ˶ϡ
ŵĿ
˭Ҳ
ϹҪ˵ʲôǱĬϡ
죡룡


295 ҹɱĬʧ٣3
ʵĬʵ̫ǿ쳣ģϹ˲ԹԱ죬һˬؿĬ˵ô࣬Ϊ
ǹҧʶģ
ĬһǱҪᱩ¶Լĵߡ
ϹֻǰһڣʲôˣȻĬˣ
һͷҪȻŹĬġ
İһǰŮˣԣŮˣһҲǺܾȣΪŵĬȻһŮˣŮװ
ǺǣҸôƺ㣬ֻˣ
Ĭһ䣬ղһƣһ죬ˡ
Ĭ
˲ɱĬһзҲǿ΢΢һҪô죬ɱң
İһѵܹһԼȤˣŮ˰İɱŮˡ
ⳡףԺ󲻻׷ɱ㡣
ǺİĳŵĬţܹ˵ΪʲôءĬɵӣɲµ˻ΪͻȻķ֣ԻͻȻ׮
ǿֿɵʮƽ𣬻ԼҲ᲻Ǯɡ
Ը⻨ǮԼͷĬҲζ
һϣô˵ͨôҲֻһֿܣ˻бͼı
ҪʲôĬһ䣬ƴȫҲûһĿԡа˼ҪγֲܵõĽ
ð׷أ޷
İһĬӲɫȻǴĬ˼
һ̬ĬҲֻԡ
Ҫʲô
Ҫʲôİϸʼ˼⣬ƺͲȱκζֻڿĬʱȴѾһҪ׷ĸоҸ㡣
ʲô˵һ飡
ĬʾԼѾԷ߼ŵˣҪԼ˰ɡ
ûҪ㣬ҫҶԸ㣬Ҹ㡣
ΪʲôĬףвˡĻһưԼɱˣȴǷҪͶⲻںЦ
İҲ֪ԼΪʲô˵һҪһԭĻ
Ŀһˣ
ΪƯҫҪһŮˣˡȻ˵żڱ׵Ļ䵽İĿУͺ̸۽ֻ⣬ȫϡ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣĵһɱɵˣû
Ҿܾϲˣ㡣
˵ϲʱĬһĨᣬҪϲǸ˶Щˡ
˭İһ䣬˪ĺھţǸԼǰһѾȥ˼ƴˡ
ĬڵȵˣȻѾϲˣ˭ǰ棡˵ʲôſŮ˵֣˭ҲУɱɱ𣬲˭ֹ˵ľģ
ĬҲɱİģŵˣѵϲԼ˲ˡ
ĬӲܰİҹϢ̬ĬҲܿ϶İҹǲӵĶ֡
ҸʲôҲӦκɱҰɡ
Ĭ⻰˵ĵҲǴηƺǰ㶼ԼˡȻģ䵽İУͱĬƫ̻άǸˣ
ѾŮһΣܹڶΡ
˭
ĬɸоԷˣΣ˲ǶԷӡ
ҪĬʱ򣬺İȴ²֣һԷзӦʱ䣬ֱδߣȫǺ֮ǰĬԸϹʱһģһ
ҹָƽƺʲô鶼ûзһ
Ժԭڤ˼СŮһӣһĨ֣أҲˣֺʲôûзһ±˫ۣĬڶԷУʲô󰭡
Ȼעһƽҹ
ĬˣϹȻأںİĬյʱ䣬ϹҲ˹
ĬĬ
ϹһʱĬ֣ﻹܿĬӰжвԷκζʧˡ
ʧ벻һʱķӦܿϹ侲ϸһܵĻԷҪĬԲ飬ڸӲῴĬӰ
׹ղӣԾҪŹĬһΪؼҵĬˣ
ֻ˵ûϢõϢ
ĬʧٵϢܿ㴫һѧԺΪҩصͽаһȻв˹ע
һѪȷ⡣


296 һֻ1
ĬĿǵľƮĺɫʷ£ѡ
˹
ʶסԴ仹ڽǸ˶սĳģ֮ˣĳҲͳͳǵˡ
Ǳ˸ץɱ˵ľۼأ
ĬʱѸͳͳİ𣬡ˣ
Ϻİ˵Ŀ⣬Ĭ΢΢һ㶣˵пһ˿ϧݺݵ˦ͷһԼĻþֿµôָܻ顣
˲ŨŨľ裬ʶһ㵽ҪҲģģôž˶޹СŮĬСұ͵ҲǷϡ
һĬȻҲˣȻŮװ
쵰
һ죬ݺݵؿİ޲ɱ˶ԷåȻԼεʱ䣬İҹûпʵŮװӵȻǴʶ㡣
뵽İҹĬԽᶨ˵ʲôԼ˸ˣİҹģ
Ҹ㻻·İϻһĨȻû֮Σƺ⻰ãѾͷ㻻ģʲôˣ
еСŮѾܾˣҲ֮Σ顣
ĬͷҲ˺İ⻰
ҴﵽʲôĿģ侲Ĭټ֮Ҫʲôʽ뿪ط
ƺһѾµĬе뷨İһҪ뿪Ǻҫŵܾܲۼٺɱ֣ҲкüΪܳȥ𣡡ĬһҪ뿪İҲܡ
ΪʲôһǾͱģ
ĬݺݵصһȻط£״̬Ҫ뿪·תͷĿ䵽İϣǿѹеŭ㵽Ҫô
ڷֻΨһܹﵽˣİһϲǵЦȴǲɲ˼֡Ĭ֮󣬺İһЦݱһ¶ЦݻҪࡣ
˵ˣҵŮˣҫŵˣӴ˺ҫŶġ
һҫŻһĬֵˣ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣǸӣķӡ
Ҳ˵ˣҾܾɱҰɡƹˤҲӲȥĬҾˣҺΡ
˲ݺݵ£˫ȭѣ޲ǰסĬĲӣĬܵĸܵһɱһιȻ̫Դˣƾʲô˻Լ顣Ա˫ۣ򲻹ԷǾ͵ɡ
Ĭ֪ԽԽúİҵŮˣǾȥɣ
ĿԽԽϡĬɸоԼӶڲͣתʧɫӲˣֻһź
İҹҲܵˡ
İĿƲסҪݺݵŮˣͿԶԼߣԶ뿪ѾûپһȥѰеǸˣǾһȥɡ
ʱĺİͺаһ˫۷죬סĬӵԽԽսȫƲסϵĬᶼѾٳȥˣһ㷴ûˡ
ס֣
˴һȣİƬ̵ϵһ㣬ȴûзſĬ˼
ˣӻҪ棬ɱĬɣ
磬ƣȫûԸ˿Լӡ屾ܶ㿪Σգ˳Ʒſ˶ĬĽİԼһŵĿĬȷĬûıˣǺݺݵһ
ڷͳһöҩιĬϵĵİ㶼û١
֪ҪΪĬǺڷĺӣİǸĺӣȻ֮Ҳô
İЩɱ֣ȥ
ɱ˵Ŀ⣬һǽһıȥǻҪסԼСҫ˶ţЩСϺȻҪٱˣ꼰Ͳˡ
о͸Ҫ֪⵽ǷʲôŮˣʲôݣȻġȻһк棬ȴҲûȥʡ
ӣڷһĬڴϣתͷİʱûʲôɫˣ£ôԴ˵ģ
İСͲһĶӣһδöúڷҪһĽ࣬ȴҲû뵽İȻĬֱ֡ڶͷ亹ðҺĬû£ȻһҫŶġ
Ȼڷ̬ȲúİмɵⲻҪĽҰ˸ˡ
İа취ڷҧгݣ˴ɱǵˣ㲻룬ҫģˣҲᴫ㣡
˵˰죬ںڷУѾѺİΪҫŲŶĬˡ


297 һֻ2
·һЦһİһЦǺǣΪһϡһССĺҫţҪǵģʼգİҪ˾ֻĬһ
ҫˡ
ڷİ̼ز壬һϲɷǵƹˡ
ӣôҶ㣬֪˭ҪҲԼʲôģ
ĬѹֻװԵ˵ĶԻ˶ԼάжԺİӵıӣĬܾôôˡ
װǸոӣĿɻ󣬡ǣ
ĬڷʲôˣæĬǰ ڷݼˣԸ˰ 
һ˼ôݵĬȻҲܲסӲ˵˻Ǻİĸףҫŵ
æǰһٷڷеɻҲɸˣ˼ңʲôҲʲôˣϴ˰ɡȻʱˣȻ԰Ȼ뿪طĬûа취ƭԷ
ȻڷѾȷһУŪĵط
ĿᶨѾʼ˥ϵڿĬ˲䣬ָĳԾԾԵ黳
ҵˣǵ̫ˣݺᣬǵһѾ̫ˣõѾкܶ˶ԼʹǽһԶǣˣãֻҪһ֧ɱš
˵źڷ¹ĬǰģĬ֪ҪηӦˡµһɱ֯ǵ˵Уȴǲֵһᣬ⵽һôȣƫƫĬȻöԷ˵ǶԵġ
Ѿܺˣɣûй˼
Ĭ⻰ڷв΢ùһ㣬Ĭܣˣ¾ӪĺҫţͳͳС
ĬֻһĲʲô˰
ŰɣҲЩⶼѾðǸʲôˣºҫţĬΪԼô޳ܡ
Ĭ⻰ڷûиоʲô룬̾Ϣһ׻Լɱ̫֯Сȫ˷ϣͷһҪŬ
ˣģһ嶨ȻĴ֮¸ӹ綼ǵġ˵⻰ʱ򣬺ڷǶĬֽڳԵĳݣƺûʲôĬġ
ģ䵽Уȫ⣬ĬҲɶɱ֯ϴ˲˼Ȥ
һôˣöԷ˳ݡ
ţ㡣Ĭװģĵ˵ͷֻҪ뿪ﰡ
ȻڷòײǼˣԸô׾ͰĬߡ
ĬҪ뿪ӣݺݵصһۺİӣȻҲᷳԽˣ֪㿴ССĺҫţǺʹҴкɣӶײһͷúúùܽһ
һһ˵ؽĬЩ¶ɾˡ
λС㵽˭ݺݵضĬ۾ɱ˵ĻĬһѾˡ
ϲǺҫ˶֪飬ȻΪһЩɱֶѾͲסˡְϣֱʳڣש˵Ҳʳǵ
ʵĬҲܺ棬λɱɵϴ󣬵ǰԼ˭ˣԺλǰһҪߡ˼ҷðͲˡ
ĬûзԵӣڷҲ΢΢ һÿ԰Ĭҽһ¡
ǺҫԭϽΪ˻ع׼ǧǰƵͽǵƣǧǰһսɣոɽӣڵȵĳˣ˵ڷ˶ݺᣬǵ̫ˣڵȵԤеˡ
˰ƵĴ˵Ȼ˺ҫȻǸҲţʱΪһ˵ˡ벻⻹ģǰŮӱԤеˣǵ
һмǺڷĬ֮󣬾ѾвŷˡȻҲ˶ܽĽͱ˵ǸղųĬꡣ
Ҫ˵ĬҲһλ߲ĸǻûϴˡϱô⣬ĬѹҲ١
Ǻǣˣʱ䲻ˣҾȸˡһɫٲȥƾҪˡ
Ĭ뿪ģ䵽ЩУԾı֡
СںҫųȻĿȾҲ֪ٹλĴţ֪ǶƵĳݡȻвΪ⣬һǧǰڶഫĹ£ٻᾭһЩıڵĴš
ͻȻðһȻһŮˣ͸вܽܡ


298 һֻ3
ⲻŹĬǰһôżʲôѲˡ
ƺͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ʵǲžȻǵ˻һŮˣҼǵô˵Уõ߲Ͽɣ֪ܷ߲չʾҿһ£Ƕܺ棡
ܿ⻰Ҳǵõ˲˵ͬϾĹϵش󣬺һӾͽܡ
԰С˵ĲҪó֤ݣȻǺţ
İһЩһǳĬһѵ׻ôϴˣĿ䵽ĬϣҪŮ˻ôӦԡô˶߲ģóǶɡ
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˲ĬԭӲǱŮƭӡ
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ڷϴˣô˷ĬӣһĨĿΪѣð
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Ĭظ߾֣ʱĴָϵɫָԵΪעĿǸղŴ۵ľ߲⣬Ҳ뵽
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Ĭ΢΢ͷŵٹ⣬ԣ߲ʽָϴҲ˼ȻñŷһƺΪָ֤ΧƽָɢƵĹâ߲ʹΧĬߣˡ
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İǰһվĬǰ˫ϥ¹˫оٱʾǺҫԾ֮ߵĴ
İľٶ˶סˡ
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299 ҫţع飨1
ƺûʲô˽ܵģİĬΪõѡ񣬶ΪһͲôˡ
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ĬҪսŮ΢΢ԴǷɫҪ겻һŮˣСںҫųŮôܻǼ򵥵ġ
֮˶Ҳ֪жԺİĸ飬ȴͻȻһĬ˺İģԼҲܰݡ
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һǱ˵⻰ôܣȴԼ˵㲻Ļˡ
Ů˶Ҫ޳ˣ٣İ硭
ŮԼİɫӱ˼֣ĺҪʵʻ˸ˣĬһ飬ﾹȻѾһమɱĻ档ʵϣ仨ˮ飬вɴһĨϧ
Ĭе㿴ȥˣǰһü΢ҪսңΪʲô
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ĬͲĶ֣ںҫŵֿ˵ͬеٮٮߣ˺İƺ֮⻹ûĶ֮֡ǰ˵Ѿǵżò˶ãԳɹ쾳硣
ĬһղҲ֪ҫǸԼιʲôҩڵ˶õò࣬һ쾳һ۷֮˶򲻹ǲǶˡ
һŮ˻Ǻ޲ҪŪ
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Ĭûг֣˵УȻ˵Ҫշҫˣֵŷ򵥵İ취
һɣҲŨŨİգŮ˵ģиԼĬĶ֣ǴСͱŵŮζܽԼоȻΪ书Ůˣ
һĬ˼ּɵָʶսճƴһǸղԼûע⣬ŮӹһУԲ
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İǰĬأ
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ڷ΢΢һ㶣û뵽İȻˣҲǸ֤˺İϲĬˡ⣬ãСѵһ飬ߣǵøгλҲ


300 ҫţع飨2
İɺݺݵس˳ǣԼУҲǵгϣ˲ˬûдĬŲش𣬡ҡ
Ͼû飬ҲûòˣһĬ־ڱصá
ڷ´һԼӣܶʱİԶǿʤûòģȻô򵥡
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ʶԼӲס˽ŲȻϱĬŵˣʤʹôҲѾԷֱ档
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ĬˣȻȴһ㶼òĬڳаУԺһҸŮˡ
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ĬôǿİоǱԼͻ˻ˣеôܻ֮
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Ĭ˼ѧԺҪҲ㣬齻ҫͷ㡣ͷãͽˡȻûʲô飬ҾиˣȻѧԺǱ߹Ҫˡ
˳˺ҫţĬҲҪԼݺݵزһ亹ҲǵըˣܴӺҫаȻĳҲѵá
ڽϡ
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֪ԼıͽȻʧ٣ҩܰģѧԺͳ˲ȥѰĬ䡣
ĬϲԼôȥЩ鲢һҪõԷͬĻӦϲĬͺáĬ£Ȼ橿ڣѾȥѰĬ䡣
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һҹעһƽҹ
Ĭ·ϣüĲɽжɢһɽŵζ
ѲǷʲôˡ
ĬףӭϺѧԺһѰĬϹҪ˵ΪһϹˡ
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ŮˣվǰһŮˣԷЦݲõĿԼǰϹԭأ֪ηӦ
Ĭ΢΢ǰһصһϹļ򣬡ͲʶˣʲôأˮҪˣ
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ҲǱϹˣһ˦ȥüһҲĬ˭ҿСӻңʲôÿġĬȻԼڿһŮװ磬Ҫ̫ۡ
ÿϹܵ˹ƻһһĿƲסؿĬŵģƺʲôܿˡһ죬ĬúõشʲôŮװв


301 Ůװһ
Ϲôһ˵ĬǺ֪طӦϻŮװǺİúõĸһҪŮװҪϹˡҲҺϹߴŵ˲࣬Ȼ⴫ȥҲá
ݺݵصһϹ𣬡ôŮװǲǺܺÿûбҸ޵˵ĬսϹһִϹļϣüһﳯŶԷһۡ
СåģŮӻ顣
Ϲһ죬ģȻڿĬŮװӵʱƲסĶҪҪӣһĬüĬԲǺÿŮ
ƿĬļϻһĨȻһסԼе
ѿˣһװʲôŮ˰ѿˣѲ㻹뵱ŮˣϹһĿ⿴ĬƺĬһŮװı̬
ʵϹ˵ĬһҲͬ뷨ǹ˼Ĭݲ˼˵ڰˡ
ؿһϹһŮ˺òãڻŮװȻɱ̬ˣĬȴҲö˵ʲô
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⻰һϹҲӦĬ֮ǰǶսɱְһİھȻܹվڴǰ
԰ô͵͵ģİɲöԸ֮ǰʶ˾ǴδʧֹĺİϹֻ׶༪٣벻ĬȻúõĻˡôӳģ
ĬһŮװǺݺݵس˳飬ƺҲѾҵԭ򣬡ҿ벻ҲУͿаŮװ˳ˣĬ
аŮװ
һаŮװĬҲΣںҫŷ飬Ĭʶ̫֪
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ġߣǿȥѧԺ߶ҷˣ˭ȥһ£˵Ĭҵˣһﶼչؼˡ
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Ĭһװ磬»ָϹݺݵһǿѹ쳣
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ϹݺݵҡͷҪ˵ڻ˯㣬ȫ֪ʲôҲãЩ鲻Ǻõġ
ǺȶˣġĬ״ƺ۵ӣһĹǷˣȻȥ˯ˣ˵ˡ
ʵϹϵĿ̫ڹ죬Ĭɾ֯}ûŵĸоһɴҴ뿪
ֱҲĬӰϹǺ֪طӦ
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ĬҲܲϹ飬ԼŲص˺Ժߡ
⣡µֵôСǼ϶Ҳ֪ˣֳ֪ʲô
µĲӼӿ죬˺Ժ
ЦЦװƽˡ
İһûУ˲ëȻĬʶšüģֲûпСǵӰѲǻСҲˡ
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һʱҪõС̣Сǵʱ˽Թڻ˺ҫŶԼֵͬʱһȥץСҲȫûпܡ
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İһûУĬҲɸӽţĿڸһʯͷɫ࣬ҶС̺С궯֣ԲŹŮˣ
Ĭˡ
˵СС̸ܲɷֵһĴڣԸû⣬ǾԲˣ
ĬģһвһĨʣŮ˾Ȼֻô⣬ץסСֲս
СۣڶԷ˵Ϣ֮£ʹңֻϣԼ˿ŪȥȻҪˡ
ϻ˭ܹƵסˣСҲ룬һ϶ĻشĬ
һɣĺʾ绯ѩһᣬҲ֪Է뵽ʲôСڿԺݺݵһˡ
ȻһС˵ζ


302 ҹϮ1
ʲôˣЦЦװĬƿţ̽ԵؽĿһ䣬еľߣڿİӰ֮һ飬ôˡô
ĬĻعǽ˱ĳѹΧСһرС꣬ͺǼ˾һſ˫ۣĿĬ
ˣڻˣ໣
һСԥ̫еڳݲˡ
Ĭһۣ˵ô۸СһˣֱĳƵĿ⣬ǰӺİаСС걧ڻСŴˮƺûȫӦ׷ʲô顣
СڿĬһ˲ҵغһˡǳСģ˲䶼ĬһĶˡ§סС̣ͷë£ڣ˭Ҳ˺ǡ
⻰һȻǰѺİɵˣһĸСģݺݵضźİͺԷʲôʮһ
СͲһµҵɽˣҪúøһ״
ˣˣղŻɱǣһҪΪǱ𣡡˵С껹źİͶȥһƵЦݣСҪԶء
İһȻһֻ궼Ȳ
תһ룬ĬҶһֻ궼ôģӲ˵ˡ
ֻεСᣬֲǲᡣ
Ƶ𣬳Ĭ΢΢ˣˣ㲻Ҫ𣡡
СֱӾըëˣ˽ĬʲôˣʲôˣˣΪʲô˰ǲɵˣһǻþ
´һۺİһħôĬΪˣѧڲѧ
Ĭǳ˳飬ʵҲԼòƺľǺİˣİڴĿţĬ˵һ֣εصͷţɣɲ۸ɰͰ͵³ôһ仰ͻȻպҪͷ۵黹кܶࡣ
໣ħôԣСըëˣһضźİ˼񣬡ѵԺҪ಻㡣СŮ
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ҪǣԼҺͿ˿Բ⣬Ҫעһ㡣İҹڣûʲô⣬ȵ˻Ĭһˣֻİҹڻŭ
Ҫ֪˿ɾһֻ궼ܵĴ̳ӣӲ˵ˡҪİҹڣСô᲻Ĭߣ
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ѣںİѾ׼ĬȻ뿪
İһ͸ŶĬָĬŶһҪȻҪԼǲʲôԲİ顣
ôؾˣİȻȥɡĬ˻䣬Ծڸ˵Ľࡣ
İѾ򶨾ĸˣ뿪
ˣ㲻ҪˣڻغҫҲңġһֹı飬ĬͺʼǸһ
СҲҪİƭȥˣŨŨľȡ
ˣ㲻ʲôɣȻô㣡
ǽͲˣС궼ԼˣӲ˵ˡ
Ĭǳ鴤سźİԼ׺εºܱ˸ˡ˵ҵˣǾҪҵģҫǲΪ㡣Ǻİںҫŵĵλ˸ΪĬš
ȻǺúŪ
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ҪҲУѧԺӣһ˻ɣʱ˵Ѳس͢طͲˡɣҪǰȻһȥ
ѾĬΨһܹ뵽Ľʩ
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ȻעİĬġ
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303 ҹϮ2
СҲһɣźİ˵Ŀ⣬Ǿÿ£µؿĬˣô˰
ĬĿȻǺҪ飬ֱһѾԸ˺İЩҪúôһˣͱ˵ǽֵĶ㣬ˡ
Ů΢΢һһNɪЦݣһЦЦ벻ȥһ϶Ѿµ˽
Ȼʲôˣͻʲô裬С꿪ڣС̾͵һ˳ˣңң
ãǴһȥҪҲҪǲˣ
һԭĬôżȥ˶㣬Ͼİôһ㣬ע˯ˣȥú÷йһ
ұĺɫĬϣȫûḡ˼ˣһһĨɱζ
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㿴Ŵķ羰紵ϣһĺݺݵŮ˽üģʵԼɱȥԸĬʱԼҲǾܾġòϣǷŲĬ
Ȼ޷ŹԼϵļһԺлطţҪ׮ʬΣҪ׮ﵽԼĿģֻѡ̡ڳĬбڳĬ
ڵǶҪԼĥһӣһ綼Ķ⡣ˣ밢ǵôôܹҸͳͳɣĬ֮кܶˡ
ʲôˣǲǺҫŴϢˡһҲѾ˵ԼڵǸ˶һ㣬ǽŶһ㡣
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񶫷׮ߵĵλԽԽҪڴҺܶ˶һӡ
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飡ƺ뵽ʲôһƿˣȥͺáɼӳ̶ȡ
Ϻˣ·ؿһڡ֣ʾԷǺҫŵˡ
һݺݵصһǹʶԷǲѾнˣĿ䵽ϵĺ°ѵװľĬͷ
аٸнô˲䣬㾹ȻֲԣĬˣ
Ŀһ䣬Ů˾ȻҪɱĬԶԸˣһĻƽǺҫŲ⡣ҫŶܾ⣬ôҲ˵ɱʧˣĬţ
Ҫ֪ҫŴûʧֹʧ֮󣬾ͻ᳹׷ⵥ⡣ҫŶԸ˵ˣӲɵɵؽⵥˡ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳ˵Ĭš
Ȼ˳ӹһ٣
Ҳ֪Ǹ˶һ㻹źһ㣬Ĭţ
ʲô˼ʶӹӹİȻ֮ǰҫųָĳھ˻ȫзӦʱ䣬ǰﻹܼ˵Ӱôˡ
ղźҫϢȻ׮ҲһʱõϢľĳ
ʲôµһɱ֯ǷһĬԸˣ׮߳ŭ֮ǰĬαɣȻĽ

˼׮߳ŭģзһ׷ŲĬҲá
εε𣬡ĻӲñ꣬Ĭһܰ취ԸˡҪĻԹͽ֮¡
㲻飬׮ô꣬һ;ķ
ҡͷҪͱ飬ʽһҪٳ֮״ʲô׮֮ǰڱһͷҲûʲôõἰ顣
ټϾǺԻʵ̬ȣǲԸѻ橸޸Լ
ġ
ʹĬãôԼ֮ǰУ͸ӲκĵطȻѡȡ׮ΣȻֶΡ
ǺǣĻӶǣһŮ˵ǻῴԼȻ࣬ڻʼҾ͸Ҫˡ橹ѾĻӵˣֻ˵ʵ飬ôܵĵ𣡡
𣬺һ˲˲ض׮ôֻһ˱̣
׮һ϶ݵ⣬ȴǷЦȻа취һúÿǣӳ飡
һȻѾ˸⡣


304 ҹϮ3
ڶǿһ㶼İһᣬСʲô׵ģ˵˶ЫĳŮ˸ġһˣȥѵһŮˣ
С¶צӣ˵ʲô۸ĬȥĬάһҲһʱάĬ
ǺǣҪ֮˰ɡ
ĬһԾԺ棬ĿŶ׮ԭһǱΪ顣
׮ĻĬҲˣƾŽĻӵĲҪóЩǮԼҲһ¡
׮һͺǿһħһ裬Ĭ㣬ô
֮ǰĬıʵ̫죬Ѿ׮ŵˣҫŶûа취ԸˣǵȻҲĬĶ֡
㣬㵽˶٣
׮ǽĻӣھݵľ֮󣬺ܿ»ָ侲ĬԼôһǱӳǮҪͷô㲻ڻǺúõվ
ĬָṴĦϵĳԭĻӣ֪ĻӾĬӦôĻӵʶʮƽɲһСĿ
Ǻǣˣ뿪ͺãֻҪ챾ܵһ˺ĬĴսңԴ
׮̣ĬԲ֣Ȼˡ
Ĭγû뵽һ㣬Ŀתͷ򶫷㣬Ǻǣ벻ҲĬߺ⻹Ĭ⡣
һ䣬촽²ȴǲһԡ
׮Ĭ֣Ĭ§סϸǺǣǱӵˣȻһΪ룬챾òƽô飬뿪ɡ
˵ĺͬ⣬Ĭûа취ȫ뿪һ
С޵ݣˣϣȥʰһˣΪ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷȫԼ
ЩСװ㶨ȥʰ
Ĭһȫ׮κηʱ䣬ԱߵİҪǰʩȶȫٶʵ̫ˡ
Ĭ׮ǻˡ
㣬㣬Ĭ㵽ҪʲôǽӣԹʲô飬ǲŹģ׮ɫѾĬ
Ǻǣô죬Ҳ°ĬһлһĨ⣬ٶҲյʱ䣬˶ڵϣ޷֮
㣬ħ
һ׮УĬͺǴӵ߳ɱ񣬸ûֹܹĬΪ
ڵģ²Ź㣡
Ȼ׮˵ʲôıĬľġ
Ǻǣаɽаɣƺ㣡˲κ˵⻰žô˾ô֣ǱڰӰϹյرסɣûб¶Լ
Ĭ΢΢üƺҪôϵ鷳
ǺǣĻӣǺˣһİһ׮ʦ֡
֪İһֱԼߣȻĬ⻰һ䣬ֻһͺǿһѴڸн͵͵˳ĬǰһֻĬһˡ
ǡ
Ĭ⣬ȻǺĵĻȫҪѿ࣬һ׮һ˦ǰһ˶İ͵׮ֵϣȥء׮ʦֿһܾϲ
֮Ƕˡ
һȻ֪ھѾֵԼˣɪɪؿĬĬңҲǹģҲǱ׮ƻˣһֱ㣬Ȼˡ
ؿĬڷвԵøӴˣ˭Ҳ뵽һССŮϾȻļơĬҲҪģɱιȥ
ĬҲᱻԷɱιȥĿ׮Ի֮ĬжŮѾûκκøС
Ĭ˵ֻؿԼҲֲĬﵽʲô׮ҶˣοԼ
ס˺ԽСͣĬ磬֪ˣԲԺ󶼲ˣܲԭһΡ
ؿĬͺڵȴоһΡ
СƲƲŮ˲ΪӾĬ˰ɡ
ˣŮˣžᣬ֮ǰҪС̣ǸøѵˡСһ㶼ϲ㣬֮£ǻҪÿɰˡǶжʱûм橹ˣǸ橹ɡ
СɱǿģϲĬһ۾ܿʵἰ橣öԷۡ


305 һЦҹ¥1
˶Ůˣƺе鶼Ըһ䣬һ·ȥ·ϵķ糾ƺʲô鶼ûзһ
ˣôһˡĬ΢΢˳飬Сӣе㲻˼ˡ
һԼˣ֪ĬԱ˶²ȥ֡
Ů˶ѾҪɱ˰
СŮһȥĬֺõģѾԹĬΪĬϲһ㣬Ĭܹʹɱ֣ϰˡ
һˣŹŮ˰ôᣬӦúúʰ
Ϊ׮飬ҲֵСôص˵СԴ˭˵ҾͷŹˣŶԺãҪ󡣡ĬҲǺ۸ģԴҪԼ֮Ȼʲô
ˡĬ˵СѾµԼ˵⡣˵ҲˣЩ˲Ҫţ˵Ĵ¡
⻰ɲѺİ
С꿪ڣĬҲûעغİѾˣӰȥٵӣڽôֱӵĸо
İɣСţԺŵķܶ࣬ҲúϢɡȻ뵽Լ˯ʱ򣬲֪ĸﻹһ˿ţĬͲɾûڡ
ǡ
ǡಡһһغİӦ뿪ˡ
һҹȥ
ϫĬҹ飬޲úݺݵ˦Լһƣô˯3ô죬ȻĬ˶֪
Ĭ磬㻹ðɣ
ĬǸոãӭŮ˳˹˿˼ɱ˵Ŀ⣬رסĬļҲֻ֤ĬǺúõվԼǰϫǲţĬ磬û̫ˡ
ϜϫĵĬҲóƿԷĜϫĺ󱳣ᣬİɣⲻûºúõġ
òײԼŵĿ䵽Ĭϣһ죬һ̫ˣĬЦˡ
ȦǺģԾǿ޹֮ĺۼĬ磬ʧ̬ˣû¾ͺáĸ̬Ҷ֣һŹ㣬Ҫ֪˭Ȼһι
ҪιĳˣھĬߺðɡ
Сһ״ؿһۺĽ䣬ߺ߸Ҷ֣ιá˻ҪĬϲǷ˰ɡ
ϹӮҲȺ˶ĬĹ֮顣
ˣһ鶼ûУǾͷİɡİʦڣҲܷˣȥѵɡĬһѹ¶˵ʻʱǾûӵ轣Ƚϳ졣
ϫҡͷĬ磬㻹ǲҪ˵İħͷˣǻ찲ӣ˵Ҳ˺óһʱˣеһˣٱڵʦҪˡ
İҹѵѧʱܹ˵ֻҲǲ˰ɡ
ĬĿһᣬʶĦŹ壬ǰ뿪þˡԼе㿪ʼԷˡ
ǺǣǾȻһʼİħͷˣǿ£ϹһջطĬϵĿ⣬òϴ֮ͿʼòˣƲסҪĬ
ƺ뵽ʲôתͷִӮļϣǹһĨаȵЦݡ
ϹôţӮļƤˣϹʲôʲôú˵ǣȵĿĬϴû¾ͺãҡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷֹӮĻ鵽ΪֹˣϹŵӮġ
ϹջԼĸ첲ⲻҪףһܹ˳ô绪¥飡СӮ֮绪¥µĲҵɣˡ
ȻͣǼһ𣡡˵ӮܻòڽǮϾԲȱο绪¥ӮԼϵĲҵԼҶûʲôϵһۜϫ룬¶һĨΪѣϫе㲻㡣
⻰ϫͲˣôԼ߾ͱɲˡ
ʲôģѵҲȥĵط
ĬҲ֪绪¥ʲôطһȾƣаһ²⣬绪¥ʲôط
Ӯһ죬ϴ㾹Ȼ֪绪¥ǣǡ
Ϲǳŷ绪¥ȥģһҪȥ֤һ飬һӮļ򣬡ʲô˵ģ绪¥ǾǶ¥̻˿һĬһҪȥúÿһҪȥúüʶһ£
˵ŹסĬļ򣬸õı飬Ŝϫͺ޵ضϹ𣬡Ϲ
תĬʱȫһˣĬôȥֵطĬ磬㲻ҪȥҪϹһˣֵطôࡣ
¥
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ϹȻȥ¥ֵطвȾһĨȤѽǜϫͲҪȥˡ


306 һЦҹ¥2
Ҫˣϫ벻˼ĿĬ벻ĬһᾹȻҲͬϹ⻰вˢҪȥ¥Ȼƣ֮Ͷһˣ
УҲҪȥֻϹӮϫȻҲôǴĬͲС
ϹһŮļ򣬡һŮ˸ȥʲôǺú´κȾٴ㣬ȥҪҳӰô
ϫݺݵĥҪˣҾҪȥҳӵģôˣӮ˵㳡ӣҪǮǮǡľǲǮͺǼˡ
ӮҺ͜ϫ˵һϫҪҵĳӣǾҰɣҲôˡ
ûУӮû˵ʲôأϫһϹתͷĬʱ±СŮˣĬ磬ҺһȥɣҲҪȥʶһµ¥ʲôӵأ
Ǿȥɣһ𣬲ϫ·Ҫһ£ŮװͺáĬһҲҪȥʶһ¥ϫȻҲȥͲȥҳˡ
֪Ĭͬ⡣
ϫã֪ĬˡֻҪϣ⼸˻ҪȻƣȫˡ
ĬŮ˺ˣҲܣϫȥûйϵҪӰСүŮ˾ͺãϹһסĬļ򣬡ĬǲùϲʲôŮˣʻݣ绪¥ʲôУﳬֵ
ɫǻ衣
Ĭ⻰˵Ķԣɫǻ裬Щ¥ŮʲôõģϫǿһˣĬûҪŮ˵˼
ҹƳϣֻﳹҹߣƺ̷֡
Ƿ绪¥Ӯ㾭ӪĲ
Ĭǰ̻Ի͵ľ¥һ㣬ƻͨ컵ĵƹǸҹ˼ĵζȻǸõطѾҹ绪¥ǲ˲٣ｻò֣
Ĭ佱ˣӮһ죬һЦС⣬磬ǽȥ˵͡
߽绪¥һŨص֬ˮ۵ζϮϮ˵ľĬȴŲζʶüġ
ע⵽ĬĲʣӮ˵ϴҴȥ¥ɣõĵط͵ײȫͬ⡣
绪¥ײдһЩ̼ã˶ӣЩײ֮¥İһЩӵܻƵصĵطȻҪҲǸӸˣĶҲǸղӮ˵¥Ϳ˵ݵٶ⿪š
ϹһסӮļ򣬡ǻҪСӮӵӣȻûлȥ¥ɡ
Ϲôһ˵ӮӲ˼ˣᣬԺҪ¥ԶΪǿš
ˣϹͲҪȤӮˡ
ϰһδѹȻõһдǼ绪¥Ĳ˾ѷ绪¥õļһ˳һһĹˡ
Ĺһվ㹻עˣֱҪ̫ۡ
ĬҲڿλʱĿһ㶣¸߾ķˣѩɽ֮۵һѩұ͸һĨ¸ߣһ۵ʱ䣬㹻ע⡣
Ӯһʹһɫ⣬ߵλǰŮߵҸǰܵλǷ绪¥ѩղġֺõĿĬȻǶĬġ
ѩʵţվŵķȴǶȾݺ쳾Ǹ˵ĸоȴǻȻ⴦һӭԼ
ҲżѵԼϰһΣѩȴһ㶼ϵӣⲻǸ
ƫƫѩŮ˲һŮ˲ƿصģֻЦλӣǼѩӣǻ¡תͷһѩĿ棬ѩ⼸λӵһ
ѩһҾĬԷûаǷϣǿǡһŮе˼
ţ
ĬǰһѩǰǻһĨζЦݣڱ˿͸ĬŮˡ
ѩݰԴͳһ˲˲ضǰŮˣ貵ĿһȪ䲻ףô˲ѩҲɱԷˡ˱΢΢Ըң
⻰һ˶סˣĬҪŮɣ
ҿϴȻϲĵӮĿ
ĬǷ绪¥Ϲȭ
Ĭ磬ôϫ涼Ҫ޳ˡ
ȻĬȴ˿ΪûеõŮ˿϶Ļشһ飬Ըң⻰ˡ


307 һЦҹ¥3
ѩҲû뵽ĬȻֱ˵⻰Ȼ绪¥Ĵٹ˲٣ҪѩҲûУͳͳѩؾˣ˺ѩԽԽߣҲûҪѩĻ
ѩˣһɲǼͺʲô˲ڻһѩڣѩţʤգ
Ϊʡ
ĬͻȻʲôǣһЦһЦô˲䣬ƺ綼ˣʧɫֻŮЦݡ
ͬˣ
Īϲ֮飬Ŀһ˲˲ضǰŮˣշ
΢΢ͷĬϲģǵЦݲɸӲ˼֣㲻ҪҸߣԸ
˶ӦˣĬĳɹշŮ˵ķģ֮ǰҲ飬Ĭȴˡ
Ƿ绪¥̨ӣĬϰѣҲܾôͬĬˣ˲ʧ̬ȵ֣Ҳ룡
ǰıֺܺãзģҲ뿪绪¥Ĭ֮һжòһˡǷ绪¥ˣҪ߾ʹߵģ
Ĭ˿ΪͺǳǸ˸ͲԼֻҪԸԼߣĶΪ谭Ĭš
Ը߾ͺá
ⶼҪըˣ㻹ֱӴ˴߲ɣҲҪû£Ŀһݣ֣ȱ˷Ӧһӳ˼ʮ֣ڵģƽʱҲûٸ绪¥ˡ
裬ĸСӲҪˣǷ绪¥£ҵһӣΪһһɷһ߽ǰŵùǺ
СӣҪѩһ漰Ͳܵˣڷ绪¥ҡǮô׷˼ҡؾ𱶼ˣ绪¥Ĵϰ廹
Щ绪¥ԽԽ󣬾ͼû˸£òֵںϳĻᣬȻˡ
ǺǣСӰɣҪѩҪȭͷӲˣ
ĬȫѶԷУǰһסѩĸ첲ãҴߣӴҵˡ
ڰĺİҪҧһڸƽҪرסĬ˶ԷΪȴǱĬٰޣڻŮ֮Ҳ̫ˣ
ãֻҪܴҡ
ںĬӣһһȭͷкȥҪҲүүͬͬ⡣
ϹѾǰһĻסˣҪ¥Ůˣ֤һԼϲŮ˵ġôһʱ䣬ĬѾ˼̨ˣСҲǿԵģ
һӰˣϫݺݵصѩɱ˵˼ˣĬ磬ôͿһŮˣʲôõģǳúÿһ㣡ϫǲģԼĬȴǲӣھȻǱһ¥ŮӸȥˡ
Ϲ˳ǣȻе뷨͜ϫһΪʲôŮأ߻кüŮ˺úܶģ
Ǻǣ˵СӮӰߵԻһ־ĺܣһŮ˶ĬԳʲôˣϹһָ첲Ӯļϣ治ϴ绪¥ˡ
ӮһĵĲĬѷ绪¥ˣĵ⼸ǵļһǜϫϹǳ˵Ŀ⣬ӮҪˡ
£
ĬҪЩ¶֣ӮҲܲˣȵ
ںͲʶӮӲ֪ӮǷ绪¥ϰ壬ĬȥлһĨ⣬Сӻôӣ
СġѩĿ⿴ĺں
Ĭһ鲻ѩڵңģ飬ʱʰ˾ʹߡ
һȣĬıͺһ˫۾һкںؿڣټһǷ˳ȥȫûеֿ֮
һ㶼ῴĳӮǳ˳飬ֻϣĬҪѷ绪¥զ̫òźãǺǣϴˣ
ӮĽڲأ
ĬҵĿĳӣȻĬȲʡ
ԺںΪ׵ļ󲻴ǸںȾȫֵһᣬڿںһƣȫǰˡһĬʱ򣬶ŨŨĽ䱸˭Ҳǰ
Ĭ䣬첻˭ֹѩľģһһһ˫һ˫Բ
ǻ˭һϣǹһĨаȵĻȣڱ˿ֱһɱ
ҲɿˣӦݺݵǼһϣһҪץסСӣƽʱǶǳ԰׷İ˭ץסСӣһ
֮±·򣬸Ӳ˵һһӶ׬
ֵǣƴˣץס
һȿֺĳĬ˹ȥڶ˵ĬѾǼ򵥵ҳӵˣλεǮ
ĬһһӰ̫ˣ
ͻȻҺҫŵҪԼǿԼˡ


308 շˣײı1
ɨҶ֮ƣȫпԼĻᣬûпĬôֵģѾһƬĴ֣Ϊĵط
˭𣡡Ĭһﻹʲôз֮һԶĬʰˡ
ãû˾ͺáϵı飬ĬߵѩߣãҰûߡ¥ӵŮ˶ԼΣѩŮ˻ڷ绪¥С
ϫСҲƲסĬ磬ҪŮ˴ߣ
Ȼѩҵˡ
Ĭ϶ĻشǸˡ
ĬҲˣĶѩ˼ôֱܻӮĳӣƫƫӮһ㶼룬ǰһϴ㾹ȻѩǾɡ˵껹һ𱣬ѩó
һǷӦγһ㣬ôˣ˿ѣѩҡ
ѩĿĬȷһ̶ˬȪɺԵأûǩɵģֱ߾ǡѩЩԸڷ绪¥ԼĿģ˭ҲסҪҲ
һΪѩ֮κβѩô˵Ŀ֮£Ӳ˵һѻԣѩɵģҪȥȥҲܲš
⻰ĬҲˣѩڷ绪¥Ըûб˱ȡ
ɵӮѩдһĨ̽Ůڷ绪¥ʲôĿģĬʲôĿģ뻹İеĹ˵˳
СӮ㲻⵨Ӷ˲٣ڸϴˣϹοӮļ䵽ѩϵĿдŨŨĴͻɣλѩԸ뿪ʲô㣡
ⲻţŮǿĬ
Ĭšüģѩŵˣǰһѩǰ϶ѩˣԺ͸ңǲö˵
Ƕû˵ʲôɣĬѾôˣ˲
ϴǲ˼ӮҪ˵ʲôĬѾģֻҡͷ˺ˣϴ˾ͺá
ѩãֻ֮ǰ̫Ůӣǻ橻ǱİĽĬŮӣܶ඼ѩ󣬿Ĭȴǿѩֽܵĸо
ţǲö˵Ѿ绪¥ȾƵ𣬵ƣΪѩ֮ף
ϹаҡͷˣȻĬǱŮ˸סˣ仰벻ѩ
ԣͻƵģĬѾҵˣܲǻŰɣСӮӰǷ绪¥õĹﶼСүҪúѡһҪϹǱĬ̼ˡ
ãֻҪǿڣһУϹϲʲôģӮʹһɫ⼸λ˾ϰĺѣԼϰ𾴵ˣܵģǿںǼ³֪ˡ
һʱ䣬ѾʰɾЧʼ죬ȫӰĬǵ顣
ϹѡŮ㣬һһҵԼԣģҲۜϫӮȴԵЩˡ
ӮôʲôҼ㰡Ϲ鲻ã飬˵ӮְעŵϫϣԹһϫҾǺ˵ˣǼ¥ȻƣһŮӸʲô
ϫݺݵس˳ǣǻĬŮ˺ˣȷһöûУ֪Ҫ˵жѹˡ
Ҫ˵ӮΪεǸ˭֪ĬȻῴ֮绪¥ŮӣƶҪϫǨŭˡһϴһ߻ǺѣӮ˭
ѩζ㳢ôݣһҪಹ
ţá
˵ضϹоЩ˶ѾĬֱӺԲˣĬǰǸⲻҲҪƵĶĬ̽Դ
Լ֡
Ϲһ񣬶Ҫ޳˰ĬģȫֻҪŮˣҪֵܵĽࡣһû԰
Ǻǣ԰ԼԣҲһ㡣
Ϲ¶һЦݣһӾĬζ类β͵èһһ´ӵϴ㿪ĬĿ⣬ǺǣҾһǲˡ
ϫĬĬ磬԰ɣҪ춹Լ͵ĬϣеĺǳףǺѩϵĽࡣ
ϫ֣Ĭȴûнӹ˼ĿϫǸֻĶŮ˷񡣡
Ŷá
һΣֽڿУĬľ飬ϫҪ޳ˣӮвӹϫ룬ϫĻ춹ұȽϽĬ㣬Ҩɡ


309 շˣײı2
ȻҲĬһ˸ˣȫǸŹŰĽ࣬ǿĬѩ֮ͲǸԼһ¶ǡ
ĸ֪УϫϹ˾ѾϼĺҾƶȥĿȻǺȶˡ
ϫ鲻ˬֻҪȾƣϹ飬ȻĬҲһ¥Ůˡ
ҪȾƣϹ쵰ҪҵľưҺû꣡ϫ·ѾˣΡΡߵϹǰһѳסϹ죬ƾҪȥԷľƱ
ӮŜϫ룬һչϫ룬ԴҪˡסϫļ򣬡ϫˣ
Ҳûкأ಻һܺףϫ벻ˬתͷסӮļ򣬡ӮþȻҽͲķ绪¥˵
Ȥ飬ϹҲˣһѾסӮԣǾ˵Ҫǲ
ǺǣúúãȥþƣǶǴүҪ޵˾Ӯˣô졣
ˣӮ㲻ùȥҸס¾ͺá
Ĭȥˡ
ӮһɣҪסĬļˣǰһϴͽˣûˡ
£ȫзĻᣬֱιȥʡ¡
Ҳԣ
Ĭ֣һЩõİ취Ǹ߰ɣҽסˣѩһ뿪֪ͨɣӮǷ绪¥ϰ壬Ĭ⻰ʡˡ
ãû⡣ҪҰѩﰲס𣡡룬˵ϴڽиԺ䣬ҲûסҪѩǰɣԺѧԺҲͦǼ淽㡣
һСϣҪԼϴŮˣӮҲǺܸˡ
ô鷳ѩһѧԺͺãǱҲѩסĵطѹĬ΢΢ҡͷֱӾܾӮ飬֪Լ⻰Ա˵һֶ𺳡
ϴ㣬ҪѩȥֻԺҲûж⣬˷⣬Ĭ˸ѧԺⲻѩ
кβɣĬ־ЩС֮ˣһһ¸첲ˣ㲻ö˵ѾˣҾϢɣϫϹǾͽˡ
̯һϴӮ޻˵ҪȰ˵һиĬǲϣֻᷳУϴͽˣҴȥˡĬһЦݡ
»ָɯɯ졣
ĬĿ䵽ѩϣĿѩʱ䲻ˣǰðɡ
⻰һѩֻûһվԭأǱʲô˵Ѩһ㣬һؿĬھٸԼһٸӣҲҺĬð
ǿѩģĬеĲ²͸ӿ϶˼֣һˣˣҹôˣǻ⿴ķ羰ƽ
ĬȻ˴ˣ
ŶԷƺԸĬҲ⣬һЦ˵ҪҰǺǣҹǲҪ˵˵ȥҫ֮¡
˾ֹݣָʶĦеľƱ˸ұĹâһƫƫѹӵģȴǸһѹȵϢԾס˺
ѩһü΢蹫ӣǡҪӰ飬ȻͺһͲµѩ˼ĬָڱϣһĶҡͷɷҵѵҪŮ飡
Ĭʵ̫ˣѾԼһ飬ȻѩڶĬ˫ǱԷסˣһ죬ĬĿ̫иȾˡ
໥һۣĬİҹˣѾµǵݡҪϣ֮ǰĬҫŵ˴ߣмӥʧĵط֮Ĭİҹ״һ취ûС
һݼ蹫ӡ˰ݵĬǰǷ񳼷ȷڱȴΪ
ɣҹߵˣңҹΣἰİҹĬ۵ȾһĨᣬˣҹ鴦չΣʲôʱ
ٸǿˣԸ֮ʱҲ
һİҹһСӰͷӰûбĬĬҫŴߣҲҺûг£Ȼһİҹ֣ԼȴԼ
ͷҶĬĿ⣬ڵϣֱͦӰ²Ĭվ蹫𷣡


310 շˣײı3
вʣǹûǰȥӪĬģĬǵôҲӦú;˫Ů䡣УĶ䲻İҹӲ˵Ĭˡ
һĬƻǵֻҪĬˣôİҹָܻˣҲһΥİҹ
һ㲻ð˵ҵΣûмʱ֣һһ˵ŲӣñԼΣĿ䵽Ĭϣʲô;ܳˣһԼûа취ˣʲôʸΪˣ
Ĭ΢΢鴤ѾڶԷпŨŨ񣬾ͬԼǸմİҹ
һݺݵšüģӰСһѵ˴֮ĸ鲻ܼݣȻܿ¡
蹫ӣҲҵΣûдǣʲôģֱҾͺã
Ĭһһһֵ
ĬżΪõӡ󣬶ѾƹˤŲ´Ьġ
ߺߣö˵ϻôǶԣ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷʲôû˵ģѾԷʲôʮĴˡǼİҹߵİɣǰԼ֣Թ۲ȫûȥǷֺ
ѩӰһҲ֪ǲŮ˵ֱڵһۼĬʱǲĬΪǡһ˵蹫ӲΪǡ
ѩҵģĬĵͷһɱ˿ħ˲ɣĬҪһչɱɣˣֻǣڿɺãʲôʱ
һסˣĬʲô˼Ĳ׷ǵĹʧˡ
ѩлһĨȻȻͺԼһģһˣɵվʲôл蹫Ӳƽϡ
û뵽ĬȻ˴󷽣ȫƽЩ֪زǳĬл
Ĭ˰֣ǲлңҪ˵ллҲ˵ԭǾûҪҵıҪҲ֪̫İҹתͷѩѩΪλڷ绪¥
ʵ⻰Ӧ蹫ӣε֪˰µģһѩһֱûףûĬǰ¶κηֱó
Ϣ϶аǵζ
ĬһҩʦҩĵζرϤ֮ǰİҹŵİǵζڱ϶ûеζĬҲˣӦİҹ֮رҩζСʱݵҩһϾγеζ
ѩ΢΢һ㶣벻ȻζϢԼĬֻҲĬһˡ
ԭˣ蹫Ӹ߼
ѩСʱ͸İҹߣİҹŵ˾Ǵ̽Ϣô̽Ϣĵطӹɡ¥˶ӣǺܶϢһֽĵطѩ⾩ǵһķ绪¥ҲİҹṩµϢվǵĶ
ʵҲҪѩǣĬҲѩ⣬ϵϧ֮ȴ˼֡ѩԸߣϢ취
ѩҲӰһԱѧǴ̽أֻҪѩҪԼûܷĴڣڴ̽ϢⷽŵơȻôҪѩһϣŮӣзĲ¡
ҲѾüΣϣѩ·绪¥飬Ҫ̽ϢȻİ취Ƕû˵ѩġ
ֱڿ죬ȴĬѩ뿪ȴȫһζ
Ĭʲô˼Ҫѩ㣬㿴ѩԵ𣡡ɱ˰Ŀ䵽ĬϣȻĬ첻⻰˵ˣǻᱻİҹҲҪһΪ졣
һҪסȻѾˣ˵һҲΪİҹƽܹ˵⣬ȻĬȴԴİҹĬתͷϲŮˣһ󣬵ʱжѹ
Ĭһ飬Ƕ뵽ȥˣҹڣô˶ġǼİҹĳ̶Ⱦֵÿ϶ܺá
ѩѩ㵽ǸŮӣڷ绪¥в㣬߰ɣ֮ҹ˵
ѩһᣬóĬΪ룬Ӳκ⡣Ѿ߾ܾĻȴô˵ˣʵѾ˾ã֮ѩ͸蹫ӣӶա
ѩ㾹Ȼͬˣ΢΢һ㶣û뵽Ƕ飬Ĭȴˡ
蹫ҲŮһĬһҾ蹫ӣλԤı֮»蹫Ӷע⣡
ѩˣĬˣҪʲô۶ӡ


311 ܣӸ1
ѾĬһӸѾ·ȫõĻҲطһҹɫдټĸУһ磬ûע⵽ĬĴڡ
һǼվھӸԶİĬϢϲһĨġӸ䱸ɭϣǱŲٸ֣ǹϤˣԴȥΣϵ󣬾ӰǼⴳȥȻĬȴһȥˣ
˵ваҪǣȻỹҪ취ȥ
ݺݵüģĿһ˲˲ضĬȥķֱ͸ˡԭ˺üȦȴ벻õİ취
óԾڵĬϿźܲϲĬӣѾʼΪĬȻҲȫҪôࡣ
ѩĬĪΣǲ乴һĨÿĻȣ蹫Ӿֱ˵ǣôŤţֲЦ㡣
ȫֻβֱŵè䣬ݺݵصһ۶ԷҹĬһôܣ㿪ʲôЦҲŲãҲᱻԵߵˡ
ģһ㣬ҲҺҲһĿʱڰĬԸҲһ˽⣬Ĭ³ç֮ˣô϶ԭ
ٿĬʲôΣգȥͺã蹫ӵ
벻һĬշˣ˼ĿһһһôҲ
ΣĬһ·˳ɹܿע⣬һ·Ǳ˻Ժ鷿ߣ࣬ſݶλãŲһשߣӸ£鷿һĿȻ
ҲǶĬ֮ǰӸΪεĺԺȻǻΪصĵط
һ࣬ԱվһθߴˣĬλÿȥֻܿԷһӰ顣
ӣΣǺ˶Żֿͻ˵ȻԷݲ򵥡
ԶԷҲΪɵϰûнӣĻش𣬡һлҪӴϵȫϴϱǣϣʱϺٺ١Ļû˵˫֪ͺá
ǺǣȻֻҪ飬Ȼǲĺôһ˴һ£ҲѧԺ֮УϣӶչˣزҪ
ҲסˣȻѧԺ֮УȻʲô֪˷һֺĻᡣĿһ֪ˣӲܵʲô֪Ȼ֪λҲõŰݷá
ǴСŶ㳤ģҲ˴ҪΣ£ͺãֻҪ֪ն֡
㣡
ҲסӾԺһ취ֺλǡ
Ĭſݶϣ˶Իһϣͻ֮ǰչʲôıʱˡĬ֮ǰûô֣ȴǸıˡ
˵ѪĬˣԷҲ˵Լʦ¶˸ĬҪе顣
˶Ի
ҲԼĹ˼ɺҪ֮ǰ̫ˣʥˮֲȻͬ
ϣûȷѧԺһ붫ɽʵһץ񣿣
ƺоԼ⻰ǺܺʣǻɶԷʵ֯һԣȻʮʵָһҲи׼
ʮ㣬ϻСĽģԽǿ϶ԷҪҪõмںһССĻӺ
һȻ֣з֣ЩͲҪĵ飬ֻҪЩ˴ɽǻԼʱ򲻻ĺô
⻰˵ţֱһ㶼ѱ˷Уؿڳ
ŴģҲڿ΢΢һͷĵ˵ȻǴа취ҾͷˣȴϵĺϢ
˵ʲôĬҲûϸһЩά֮Բص㡣
ĿһȻҪֹ֣ΪŰ
ǲ֪ȥã鷿»ָ


312 ܣӸ2
΢΢һ㶣һҲҶһԼԴҪͷϷּˣֺõĿĬֱһûܹӦʱĬֻôĸۡ
Ĭ֣ôҸϣлú˵ܲȰѱŲ
ˣĬûأһһСľͰԼԴλĺˣ˵ʲôҲӦѺ콣͸Ĭ˭뵽ĬȻú콣ԸԼ
ĬֳֽڻĲ棬ûҪı˼콣Ҳ֪ģ࣬ޱȣҲΪУЩ黹ҪӽС
Ǹ̰֮ˣڲҪ˵ʲôѵҪĬˣֻҪסԼͺá
Ĭֵܣʲô飬ֻҪһ仰һ֪޲޲
ͷ亹ðôʱ䣬Լûз֣ѾʪһƬĿĬ
ǺǣҲʲô飬ҹþӺ͸ղλ˵Ľ̸ϣӸ͡
ԭǳģһĬ㣬㶼֪ˣĲҵ飬ҲǱΰԵĻһӦҪ󣬿ǶԷҪЮҲòͬ⡣
Ĭ˵иӽˣôˣĬɾѧԺ֮һҪ֣ĬȻҲС
ĬģһĺֵܣƴҵҲס㣡
ǺǣҪ㱣𣡡ĬǹһĨɫ˵ɣǵļƻ׼ô֣
֪֪ˣܰս
ͷֱð亹˵ھ˵˻һҪôѡ񣬾ɵҲ֪
úúãھ͸㣬ĬҪң
֣ҵĽܿŶƳ˻һۣҼ˶ӻ橵ǵ˻߾ȫˣǸҵث֡
ɽǱ߱˶ѨѧԺÿ궼ŵɽǾʹ⣬ֻҪҰǶһطȻշǡѾǻ֪ˣĬ֪ͳͳˣʲô֪ŹҰɡ
һۻ˰ģҲܲµȫ˵ˡ
ʲô취շ
ҪĬģƵˣҡͷ֪˵ˣﻹõĬʵġ
һĲ֪ͺϵ˼Ӧʲôⶫ׼ԸˡŵĿĬ
Ĳ࣬ڴӻѾòʲôõϢ
Ŀ£ƺСεδ𡱵©еľеߵ㣬ͺڵȴеˣĬþ
ˣҶ֪ˣ˵İͺã͵ҽ첢ûгֹ
˵ĬջرһӴڵλ÷˳ȥʧںҹУӰȥ˵ľɡ
̱ڵϣݺݵشŴˣüһ
ղô˲䣬ľĬɱԼ
ôڵϣ䰡Ů˹ĵԱ𣬾ǻ֪ضʲôʱģŮСذѻӵطǵģڵʲôҿ԰㡣
ȢضлԼĹضǴϲˡ
ͺǴӹһ٣ضʱ򣬻ҲɴŨŨϧ;߻һŮˣԼ
һѰض§ڻͺǵԼһʧȥضһӵȴǲɸضһĵĸо
ڿŻԭϲԼӣԼģ
رסļ򣬡Զ
лһĨĪ鳱жã֮ǾͳףȲҪȢˣ֮ǰ˻棬ûģȴȫһˡ
á
˳ӸȻӰǼԭصĬ
ⶼѾȥһʱ䣬һϢûУ˲ĽģҪȥһ̽
УĬȥôˣôһûУǱ˸ץ˰ɣҪȥ˵ŲĬ£ȴǵһȥġ
ϴηĬҫŴʧ󣬲Լٳ
ţȥ蹫ӱû飬Ҫˡһסļ򣬲嶯¡
Խ꣬УҲУҪô죡
ѩҲĬһת͵͵Ǳȥݾߡ
⼸ڵ
ʲôһĬϤ𣬿Ǿϲѣȫˡ


313 ܣӸ3
Ĭһ϶Ʋס¶ŨŨЦݣһ㣬ӭȥ蹫ӣû¾ͺá
ȻתߣղĬһԷˣһ˵ߣ͵͵ȥ֮͵͵ʲôϢûеõ˵⻰ҲˣǹĬԡ
صȷˣһѩ˶վһߣݵú˵˵
ƲƲ죬ѵû졣
Ĭܹ飬ϾİҹһжǾĴӢۣȴ䵽һһвƽǾջİҹǼƽϡ
鵽Ϣˣ󹴽ᣬ׼ѧԺ֡򵥵ĻشȴǰҪ鶼ˡ
ѩҲ̽ͻжΣȴ鶼ŪˣĬĳ֮˼֡
Ҫ֣
ƺԽԽ˼ˣû˻ỳĬ⻰׼ȷԣҪڷ̣һĿ֮Ҳʵʵѡ졣
ԣԭ򻹲ֵʱӦѡѧԺѧԺ飬ǲò֡ĬĿҪ֣жȻ⡣
蹫ѧԺǶߣǸҪİȫһһһ۵ĻشĬİҹ϶֮ˣӲʲôء
ҲǱǻǻҹ߰ɡĬһѩˣѩ߰ɡ
˵ҲʲôӦת뿪ѩǴ򶨾ҪĬߣĬ˲ҪǼıѩǲ뿪Ĭߣ˴һк֮󣬱׷Ĭ뿪
ֱҲĬӰе㷴Ӧ
һǾˣѩһˣҲġҲûע⵽ԼĬĸѾת䡣
бҪ蹫ӵ
ǼİҹĬӰڸ֪˻Ĭ뿪ܡ
ջ
ŮһԼˣüģʲô
˹һЦסŮ˵ļȴھԷʮֵʱεջظ첲һǺǣȻЭѧԺúܺãʵ˼֡
Цݲã޵ҪŮ̫ˣɢĺҦԼǰһĻɱԼ
Ůһ䣬ǹ𳰷Ļȣһ˾͹ˣһȥ
黹ϾûǺòײӽ
ɲУǸҹôûϢҴʦԤ⡣ȨңϢһ£ҦŶ΢΢һЦЦݿžᡣ
֪Ϣңȥ᲻Ҧ˼ֱӾܾ
Ҧ·ϾѾ٣Ǹ
ԶһɽˣΪȻˡҦΪԼҲǴ֮ӣҲȫ϶㡣
ǶǰҦϲ׷ڶ棬ֻҪȢŮˣô󲻾͵ڽԼϡ
ȻҲҪϣƫƫǶҦ岻磬ģͺ˵仰˷ѡ
浱ʲôŮȻǡ
󣬾ǽǵֺͻһ˶ã֮ھȻڽĻӣһŮ˸һˣ׮ַõˣ᲻ʲôϵŹ֡
Ҧĵ￴϶㣬еı֮һȴǱ㿴ˡ
Ůסģз겻ѣĬԼҩǷš˵һ飬ȥｻҡ
Ҧ嵨Ҳˣ˷סļŮ⧲ӲǱҦ§˻СڻĵǱص˼ͷų㣬ֺαô飬ǿԣΪʲôҾͲԣֻһ𣬲õĽ
Ҫ˫ҪƿҦ壬Ҫ˦ȥ
ҦͲµӦǰһץסĸ첲ǰԭѾ֡
ˣſңȻһͷ߸ף㱻˱ڻֻһġ
ڵھһʱھͺô˲ȫʧˣҪ˵ǹҦ壬״̬¾һͨŮ˵ûС
һ䣬ݺݵصҦ壬㣡
ҦҶŶ㲻ȻѾԼĶԲߣһЦݡ
ҩЧˣ㣬㲻ҵĶ֣ȰúҵģѾ˶ԲߣͰϷǣȵ˳ûػ֮ʱ
ҽҩߺ޲ѣս˫ȭ
Ǻǣڻʱ򡣡


314 ѧԺ1
ѧԺʱѾˣİҹѧԺǼҲֵУĬÿ춼Ҫȥҩ߽һҲͣ
Ĭа¾ѧԺˣȥҩߣŷ㶮ãϹһ§Ĭļʱиҩʦʵ̫ˡ
ϲ˵ĬѾ˵һУвĽܺĬӵļʲôˣĬĵҩҲԿٻת
Щʱǲ˵ƽʱĬҲûжٽҲֻԶԶĽˡ
ĬһȻҲע⵽˵Ŀ⣬üһҲǸոѧ㲻ҩЧþû¡
Ʋ¶ףǲҲһĬȥһЩͨĵҩȫѹôǰǱֵ͵á
ƺѾµĬô˵ϹҲûָƳĵҩſʼ죬ܰҩķͲˡⲻҩߣ㡣
ĵǲ
Ĭһ飬бһϹûа취ˡϹ˵ĬȻҲѾ׼˵ҩİɣٲǵģˡ
ѧԺ׼ֵʱ䣬ĬȻҪȫ׼
ޱ
ʦܣʦ㡣ҩпĬڱȴ˿ԡ
ĬҲѾˣ΢΢ͷ˽ȥ
ʦˡ
ҩϻоµĵҩһʱ֮䶼ûע⵽ĬѾר־ضǰҩ¯ࡣ
Ĭţվһ߿ҩҩĿҩõͨĻ棬ǵҩʦɵһĨĻ𣬰ƵҩҪȻǲ٣ҩھʱҲͷ󺹡
ڻ䣬дһɵҩ㣬¯ҩҪɹˡ
ã
ҩһ࣬вȾһĨʧȻѾǵһǰҩ¯ɷһŨŨ̾Ϣǿϧǹһ񣬾Ͳһ㡣ȻѾҩϵһʧˡ
ĬδϨ˵ʧΪʱ硣
ʦһֻҪһѻ𣬵ҩͳˣ
ĬҲѾƹٵҩѾ˵ǱȽϻյȻ˵һ
ҩ΢΢ҡͷ˵ҩƽʱڻѾ٣ȻҩûγɣĬղ˵ļһѻǿԣҪ֪ƱػӰ˵ҩƷʣըΪʦѾҪͣпܴپⵤҩ
ĬƶǶĵ˵ͷҲѾһ鷳ǻ⡣ҪƳõĵҩҩĻҩ¯л棬Ҫȱһɡ
ţĬҩѾ¯ҩ׼ȴϨ
Ĭȴʦ¯ҩ罻ԣҪоһ¡
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ãȤ԰ɡ
ĬĿһûκԥӺϼһĨɫĬֱͨӳ¯ȥɫ¯еĻ˲
ר־ĸҩ¯浤ҩӶƻȶȣĬҲѾǵһҲǷӦ֡
Ĭ΢΢۾ŵҩ֪ӣҩϵ˶𺳡
һ˲˲ضĬĶȻ
ҩϸпѣôĬϻ𣬵İҹıҡʤҩϴûкĬ˵ĬȴѾѧԼá
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ڸܵҩ¯ĵҩѾ˳ΣĬǻջǲһõЦݣʦӦóɹˡ
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ƷҩҩһȻƷҩղһ¯Ҫ˵ĲϣȻĬϱƷҩʲͣ
õ佱ĬҲе㲻˼ˣʦ֮ҩĴˣĬҲǼһѻˡ
ҩҡҡ֣ƺõĵҩװƿ汣Ĭǫ飬úܺá˵ŰѸղõĵҩݸĬȥƳģ߰ɡ
ŵҩζ뵽ⵤҩֵƣô͸Լˣ
ʦǸҵģĬҲе㷴Ӧˣʶӹҩǡ
ʦҲûʲôø׼ģǻ裬ֻҪ㻹һڣ˵˶صˣܰȻ˵һжҩΪĬ׼
ȻôĹЧллʦ
֮ҪôģűǣĬ˴ζɽΪʦһҪҡ˵ҩϲɺݺݵšüģʱǲ˼˵ڵӡ


315 ѧԺ2
ĬĿȻҩϽ飬ȻǺҪȻҩҲֱҪĬʦʲôҪģֱ˵
ҩԽĬԽ⣬ҷĬǰѵһҩţʦͨ츳һĬﵽĳɾǺܶʯһӶûа취ﵽĳɾ͡
ҩôţĬе㲻˼ˣʦôʲô
ҩϷЦǸˣһôͽҩⱲĵ顣ĬúϰʱʷΪĵҩʦ
ҩſںţҩҲûҪ͵˼⻰ֱӴ뵽ĶСԾҪ濴浽׷ʲô벻ҩ϶Ĭ۾Ȼ֮ߡ
ʦͽһṼϣ
ĬĶҩһ
һδμ֤Ĭ츳֮ҩԽ϶ԼĬΪͽȷˡĬΪʦҪһ˴ڶɽܣΪʦһֻҪƵһֵҩмȱζҩô궼ơ
ܣĬмⶫԼ֮ǰҩϸҩѧ伮мҲпⶫഫȫ¶ǱƤҩͬĻвͬЧ
ܣ˿ɹˣ˿ж
ĬʶԼмǵõĹܵ˵˳ԼûмǴĻҪƱ裬ȥ֮׹ǣ̶ϻָǱܣҪǿԽ⡣
ҩ΢΢ͷܣΪ㻹ǵãôΪʦٿ㣬ʲôҩʱزٵĵҩ
裡Ĭ϶ĻشвһĨɻȻȷǸöʵԲǺܴ󣬡ʦѵѱˣԲҪ⣿
֮⣬Ĭ벻Ӻɡ
ȻҩĬˡ
һǳҪҪⵤҩҩһ̾ԭΪֻҪʱ䣬ͿƳɹ裬һѾʮʱ䣬ҵܵϢ
Ĭˣ֣࣬صصͷʦģĬһᾡԼܣܸ
ҩôỰôʱо裬ôͿ˵Ѷҩ˵ǼΪҪġ
Ѿô꣬ΪʦҲȷǲǶɽܣһСΪϣ̫ƴҪģ
ҩһĬļѧԺһĽ͵ǲĬŬһ¡Ǿ仰һԼΪءһλ߶ĬĹġ
ǣĬסˡ
ţãҲкܶҪȥ׼Լȥæɡҩϻ˻䣬Լת˷䣬Щ䣬Ǹղἰλѵʱɵˡ
µʱܿ죬ʱ϶ȻѧԺʱ䡣
ѩĬϦദѧԺѧ飬ĬȻܴѩһ𡣰Ĭʰö蹫һ·Сģʰˣѩһǵһ
ѩΣĬЩ˼ˣͷ΢ЦãҲעŵ㣬֮󣬾ǻ᲻
ѩ⣬ҹ̽ӸõϢ֣ؾǣʲôҪ飬Ҳõһʱ֪ͨĬ
ӣİɣѩעš
Ĭ΢΢ͷҵģкҫŵ˿ţֻǡĬ˵⼸쾩ӣкܶ಻ݵ˳룬ĬܾʲôҪ鷢ķǳŶɽ߶ȥ
ĬüģѩҲﲻʲôæ̾ϢһʱھͺãһỤȫ
Ĭⲻȥİҹÿҹ˾֮ʱĳϤվǿƲסشԴİҹһ֮ѶΪĬҲЩա
ǻǲ˵ˣôˣŶûУ˵Ůһ˰ɡĬһŤһ㣬סѩĸ첲Ǻǣѩ͹ˡ
Ĭ⻰ѩһ汻Ĭ¶ˣİҹȷͱŮ˾šҲӰĬȴûаİҹ͸¶Ĭԭ
ҲҺĬôһ˵ûҪ׷ӣǿЦˣѩһɡ
ˣʱ䲻ˣϹǼˣҲ߰ɣС걧С̣лŨŨϲȻж֮ɽȤ
ǶѾþûкúɶɶǣôܹŹλأ


316 ѧԺ3
γʵⲻܲμѧԺѧ˶УܹǸĹ£ƹѧ
ĳһ·ϴ鶼ܼԴӽѧԺ֮ƽʱʱ䶼аһĿγ̣ʣµʱѧǶԼѡȥ
ѧԺĵλãټѧԺһһĻʿ٣ѧԺԱԼطҪ١
ѧԺΧãеʦͬһѧȻһ˷ʱ䣬ԼʵһѧԺŵȿԼһʱѧǵĳɹͬʱ뿪ѧԺҲܷɲ١
Ĭûоκе㲻ԾϹĿܱ߹ˣüġ
ĬϹԱߣһʱʱ߹·ˣǵĿĵطͺѧԺĵطͬ΢΢ͷϲһĨ࣬ͷȻСһ㣬ζɽɲƽ
ϫӮ˲ͷ֪˵ʲôϫעûдĬϷֿԴĬӷ绪¥ѩѧԺ֮󣬜ϫͱˣҪĬѡվԶԶģģ䵽Ӯо͸ۡ
ϫʵϴǿѩˣ֮ס̳ɿԶսȺ۵ӮԜϫʱȴǲ֪ҪôοԷˡ㲻ϲ͵ʲôû˵ɡ
֪ΪҺáϫĿ⿴ĬҪǰһתͷ
߲ԼһأϫԼİǣĬ˲ϲΪһ˶Լĵߡ
ӮÜϫ벻˵ʲôŮ˵̾ϢһǸǿɡ
ӮҲö˵ʲôԼϴⲻ֪пǻ˲Ůӵķģͱ˵ǜϫ롣
ϴϹʲôأôרעһǵһӮġ
ĬϹ˶һۣһĬĿ⣬ʶ˵ġⲻв²ˣûʲôƾʵݣ˵ǵĸ
ʲô飬ǻӮġϹһӮļ򣬶Ϝϫ벻ôÿɫ΢΢ҡͷϫ֮ǰ˵ҪȥǿѧԺ֮Ӧûһʱݼ٣ȥȥ
ôҪˣϫһʱȥÿ԰ϸ֮Ҫôȥȥһ𣡡
Ϲļǣ׼ؼңЩҲ˽ʱ򣬲ȻһЩ˻Ϊȥˡ
֮ǰûϹ˵׼ؼҵϢͻȻĬвŨŨľȣôôͻȻ
ͻȻˣϹѾ˵üˣһֱ˼ڱ𴦣ԲŻûע⵽ϫԭ˵ȴûпƺԼеıԹһԶ˵˳дԹôžͺָԼĵСӡ
ϹһΪϫܹ򶨾Ժ󶼲׼ȥĬǜϫңĬ㿴㶼Ҫֵ˰
֪ϹǹģĬЩǸһ¶Է򣬡̫æˣʧԺ϶ᡣ㲻Ҫ𣬴һ𣿣
ϫ벻ƲƲ촽ǹźŮ˹ʲôæ
⻰ﶼһŨŨζ
ĬһκˣһᶼҺѩвϵɡǼôˣӲ˵ˡ
ѵ𣡡ϫһѩˬѾܾˡ¥Ůˣڹ˷ڶĬһĶϡ
ǣ
Ĭʶ׮飬ڶԷϫ۵׵Ĩϲ֮ͺˡѩϫ룬СŮ˾Ͳ˼Լϡ
дʧߡ
ϹһûѩǿǾĴ˰סĬļ۵״һĨĬͲҪˣǶˣ⣬Ȼ˼Ҵӷ绪¥ʲô
治ǣˡЩڽͲԲĬǳ˳飬Ѿ뵽ȵİҹʱʲôš
ΨһοǣѩİҹߵˣҲܶࡣ
˵ľǜϫˣô˵Ĭ磬ûдҪѩȢؼңڴĿĬƺˡ
ѩҸҡ
ԵĻĬҲԸѩȢؼȥԼӾͲҪ̣˼ˡ
Ĭ϶Ļش𣬾ͺǳ˶һڿƽ
ϫЦôʲôϹ¶һЦݣĬûиãĬҪȥǰ϶ӭ֮
ǶȥˣҰС飬Ȼܾôֿˡ
ȻǴһȥ
ò˵ĺ˺ޣ˻ԥĬѾ֮ķ


317 ɽҩ1
һ·ټȫ̶·ȻӰ˽̣ҪһﵽɽǱ߼ǲܵϢ
رҪ뵽εУȥһΣߵĻҪϤܶ࣬Ϊļı׼
ܹ£ɫѾˣʺҹ·ǻҵƧĵطϢһϣźá
ǻ׹ݣѾôˣٿҲô˼ܹȻ᲻ͬ⡣ͷãǳ⣬Ҳֻ⽫һˡ˵ܹ²ϲȥѧԺűȽ
һ˵֪һطҪǰȫܵҰ޴ţҲϢá
ỳɻ⻰ʵԣôõطȻǴҶȥġ
ŶǻҪӴ·ˡ
Ĭһˡ
ӣҺһȥǸطɣҲһ֮ǰȥڿǱѾˣҲˣǱ߲ʻҪ˻ȥ̽̽㡣
ĬȫһôĬѾ֪ļıҲҺôǱҲжԲߡ˶̰ģͿ˭ܸ㣬ջֲеĿֻţ㹻ðһԡ
ãĬ͸ˣȥ̽̽·Ҳá
ܹ¶Ĭһƫʱվֵÿ϶
УĬȥǱ̽·ԭϢ
Ϲ𲻾΢΢üģĬʲôҪ˵Ҳô֮ˡڴҶԭϢʱ򣬳˲ע⣬ϹĬǵĽŲĸȥ
ӣǰõĵطĬԿ϶һϬĿ䵽ϡ
ԹӣȴǰűԸԼҵˣžһЦ
ǽ˽ĬĿ⣬
Ĭ֣Ҳûа취Ǳ£ȡ̾Ϣһڣһ԰ҽǡ
ˣ˵ϻҹȥĬо裬ԽԽƫоԣ㵽Ҫʲô
Ѿ˺һˣӰ
ǺǣҪʲôʲôһѾôһʱ䣬ѾǳˣĬܴҲĺ£
λǹģĬƭ˳ʵʸ׼ֵĵطԭĵطĬѾ֪ǵļƻȻҪĬߣܷ˶֡
㣡ɣĬһͣȻ˵ɽ֮ƣתظϣÿ֮лðôµ֣
Ĭ˵ľǻˡ
ڻ˵ֻҪģʲôȫԺԲơ
ǺǣҲֻйˣѾ˵Ҫμεƫƫʲô취һĬǿΣڻԼȦס
ĬҴҵظϣǸղŶôһ·ڸϻȥȫ
ǺǣĬ㲻ð׷ˣûˣѾ˸ˡŵӺĬҪɱ˵鶼ˡ
ɺݺݵս˫ȭ̫ԴˣΪƾԼһ˵Խߣûиע⡣
ã
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ĬҪô࣬ǿȥ
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ǹһĨЦݣ©֮ˣôʱ㹻ˣԭֻҪץסѧԺĿѾﵽ
ǺǣǹȥҲˡ
ȻȵĬϹ˸ϻԭطʱѧԺѧѾԷдŵ̵ζ
ǾȻԵ㣡ĬһԵǿҵԻãŵԵ֮ûϷ½ⶾĵҩһ˾ͻᴦԻ״̬ʹò͵ͬڷˣֲöԷ׾ʰѧԺˡ
Ĭô죡Ϲݺݵš˫üϫӮǶڶԷУʲôĵҪʲôúõôѧԺΪѣ
Ҳ֪㣬ȥǱȥ
˵ĬԼȷһŽⶾĵҩֻжϹһţҲҺ֮ǰĬȫ׼ⶾĵҩһЩ
ڡ
㵽Ҫʲôô˶ץʲôǣŮ˼𣬶ݺݵضǰˣ˫ȭȻԼҩҪ˵Ƕ֣˵÷
Ҧ嶢Ŷգ۵׻һĨâǰһŮ˾µ°ͣǺǣǣÿڻʱˣԼɡ
ȵĿһ˲˲شǰŮˣһоԼͺһ˿ҵվڶԷǰ˸һƷţ
ҽҩ


318 ɽҩ2
ҩûа취к޲ðҦж˿顣
Ҧ㿴ԼŮˣﻹʲô飬˵ʲôϧ񣬡Ǻǣ˵̫Ǹ˾ϣһǵ֮
˵Ȼô²Ҧʲô֪ܸܵϢſң
ǰҦŶ⻰ڲܶ˵ʲôҦ߶Ҫشۿۡ
Ǻǣ̫ˣ㣬ȥŹɣδҵģֻжˣҦҲȥԼıĿһֺݺݵסĸ첲ʵʵҵĺϢǣ
һͣҦҪȢ֮ǰ֪ˣȴû뵽˾Ȼֱ˵˳
ˣδҶ޸˭޸㣬ȥȥɣ
Ŀһ䣬ڱҦţ˿Ժ¡СռϷ磬ӹͿҦˡ
Ǻǣ˵ǾˣⱲӶҪҵġҦһ䣬ЦһҰõ֣ͲҪôôģʱҵģҸ㣬ֺңȻߺߡ
Ʋͺڶ࿴ǰһ۶һ˷ѡ
Ϲµ˵ĶԻղŵȷﾹȻԷʮˣǰѧԺٺ˸ˡ˵ȥƶҪЦѧԺǳ˺ܴ©ȻҲô֡
ղѾǼĵӸˣھʣˡ
ﷴˣϹһͻȻöǳ֣һ˾ַˡ
Ĭһꡱһʾע˵
֮ǰ֪֪һЩõ飬׮һͨҫŵԼĬǷŹ˶һ
ȵľǽԼֵʱ򣬶Ĭն
ڿĵطΪǺܺãǿǸԶ̬ȾͿ뵽
ڲҲ
Ǻǣɽۻҧ˼ˡϹһ˸ƵĹâ
һһŮȫû뵽滹©֮㣬ҿԳ׵ǵļƻ
һҾ֪㲻ģΪõܳΪĸ棡֪ΪʲôѾʧô꣬ȴ˿ӰС׷ⲻһˣ
ʱ򣬵ȷΪΪҪഫõĴУͿѧϰΪտ书һƾĹڲ½һչɣɹ⡣
ǺҲ֪ôˣⶪʧʧĴӼθ֮λһѰҵ⣬ǲǿ⡣
ֱⲻеһȻûжŷ
Ҧ嵱ȻҲףǺǣҵȻ֪ҿһ֮óǻ᲻ͬң
ҦȴһѾ̫ˣʹ˺֮ǰ㿪ʼı飬Ҫʵˣ
ɣǰҸôˣһ䣬¶һĨŨŨĵģԼĸ׶Ǹˡ
涫ѾȥˣǶ
Ǻǣ֪ˣҦĿһ䣬СˣΪԼ˲𣬻󻹲䵽С
ѣŮþȫҲҪƭͽͬھ
һ˦ȥûдҦͱԷֽһҪҶ֣Ȱ㻹ʵ㣡ȻҪҶԸڸˣ
һͣݺݵرͣҪôҪ̫֣ҵ
ǸТ˳ĺӣܿԼ׳£˵ҦҸףҾˣŹ㡣
ǺǣŹңҪһ˹δ𣡡ҦаһЦȫѶвС
ϹŶֱ޲ȥҪˡ
ҿҲ̫˰ɣǲˣϹݺݵĥȻҲŮˣ֮Ǹ˾͸ӿɶ
Ϲ
ĬʶҪסϹ𣬲ϹѾǰһ˽ȥ


319 ɽҩ3
ſǸŮˣϹһȣͻȻڱǰֳֳŭڣ˸һ
ҦԭڶϵһԶתͷĿ䵽Ϲϣɫһ䣬˭ҦžԵţΪûӹԵá
ǺǣүүӣүүſǸŮˣϹһΪԼ˧䶯ͳǰɿ¡
αƣҦܰݣĿһĿŶ㣬ﹴҰˣȻҦ֪ʱ䶫ھеһٸƲ϶㡣
Ҫ˵ɫҲѿϹʱвһĨϲϹ𣬾ң
ûз¹ĬȻ᲻ʶϹ𣬱Ͼ˵Ӱ롣
Ϲû飬ǲǱʾĬҲû£
ϹһģһġŮˣӿֶв˵ˣĿһ䣬Ǻǣֵˣ
㲻ҪȻֱɱŮˣҦһȫԼڵΪʲôãסĲӡ㲻ҪȻߺߣҾͲܱ֤ˡ
ҦѾ϶ϹǳŶģȻҪץס̣һĿ⳰ǰһŮ˵ͱסˣ
ȻҦϵϹȻͣ˽ŲĿ⾯ؿҦ壬㲻Ҫ嶯
ĬΣܲܿŶ£ȥҪճˡ
ּϵһСʯӣҦȥ⧲Ҧһۣʶɿס֣˭
Ϲۼֿ죬˵Ĭ᲻ܲˣֳ˳ƾ˶㣬ʸ˳صԼߣһҦҲûʲôҪЮǵˡ
ллϹͷ΢Ц廹һʹϣǰҦ壬õʱİȫ
ãҪл˿ɲҡϹһĬʯͷ˶Է֣ҲܾŮˡ
쵰ȻѶˣҦ߳ŭҪ˵İѱܿ뵽ԼĺܣҦ»ָŵٹ⡣ǺǣΪƾһ֮ͿԷתڵľƣ˵Σ
Ĭ㻹ڱ˶һ˹ˡϹһĿ⿴棬㲻ộһԵ˰ɡ
Ĭһ飬Ϲǹģ˳߽üһ㲻Ҫң㻹ԸˡϹʵٶ༸Ҧ嶼Ϲһ˵Ķ֡
ڸղϹ˵Լһ˵ʱ򣬶дϾѾܹµĬȻڿĬϤףٰ㲻ζ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
蹫ӣҡ
Ĭ۾ʱȫ֪ԼҪ˵ʲôźá
蹫ӣҦݺݵصĬдһĨ裬Ĭеһ֮ǰҦ¾ѾصҪעĶֵĬ׵壬ʲôԵģô
ҦУĬӦúЩѧһͳһһ𣬻ڻԵ״̬ʵȴĬúõվ
ǺǣǸҪʧˡĬһ㣬æѱ˵׼ô
ҲţҦôԸϣԼƺõһе󹦿һ񣬡Ĭ㲻ǿŮˣҰ㣬㣬㲻Ҫ
Ϊжˣʵ飬һӾˣս
ϹҲȫҦģ֮ǰΪжأԭҲһ˻ǺǣҪвǣ
ҦһȻԴУһʱ䣬ıͳĬŹȥΪͿĬˣǾ̫ˡ
ƺԤϵҦôһĬȫûг֣˳ܿҦĹ콣Ĭ˼Ҧ嶼ûпĬôֵģԷĳѾԼ档
һĬģžͲ飬ı滹űĺͺһͻԼԴһ
裬Ĭú˵ѵ㲻ͬͬѧˣǵȫҵϣûҵĽҩǾͲҪˣ˵Ҫһﻻ˵Ҳֵˣ
ȻҦĬԲѧԺѧܣֻܳԼЭ
ݺݵһɣ
ĬȴǲЦˣϹ˶һۣϹ˵ҪôأҲŹĶԲסͬѧˡ
ǰôأþᰡϹ˳˵ȴһ㶼Էʲôĵط


320 ¶ıã1
Ҧһϲ֪ԼֻҪεץסѧԺЩˣĬҲֻͶĶ֡˵԰ȻôΪѣǷҰɣֻҪңҾһѽҩϣʱǾˮˮҲͻ
ҦеҲʮֻҪԼõ˰ȫô׷ŹѧԺЩˣֻҪԼһ첻ѽҩȥĬԼûа취ҦһᶼѾĬ㣬ܹ
㲻ݺݵüģ֪ҦΪˣԸô׷ŹѧԺ֮˲ŻйˡһԸĬˡ
Ĭ磬㲻Ҫƭ㣡
Ҧ嶼ѾĬԥˣһⲻŸ̨ݺݵصһ۶㣬ôƭˣԼСϣƭ˵ģ㲻Ҫ˵˵
ɱ˵Ļһᶫ㶼ѾҦˡ
Ϲ̾һ΢΢Ĭ˼˶ô˵ˣҾûİɡ
ţҲôáĬͷͬϹ⻰Ҧ˵Բ˵ʲôϢˡҪңϳ֮˭ҲܽϵĶҩѵҪһѧԺ˶ĺΰ
һ˵ȴָ˵ˣվƸߵĿžͽ˾öġ
ĬԽԽòˬˣ
ĬһˣʸѾˡ䲻κ¶ȵǱ˿顣Ĭ飬㲻һĬԲǿѨѯʡ
Ȼ䵽ҦУĬн䱸֪ԼƿȻҲҪһŸҶԼ֡
ѾҿŶҲûãѾˣʲôǿҦ˵һ㣬оǽѣɾãԼôΪһˡ
ĬţҦ˵ΨһĶӣѾҸ׿ˣȫҵˣֻҪҰһȥҸ׾Ϳ˳ϸλáǲҪңҪʲôҶǡ
Ҧ嵱Լ˵⻰޲һƴԷ쵰Ҹ׶ôãôԵԼ𣡡
֮ǰʵпǹѶ޸ҦΪޣһõһȻʵϲûˡеĶԷ̣ˣڻֶ𱨵
Ĭ磬㲻ҪȻҶҸº֣ԺֻҪҦзĻᣬһͲŹ㣡
ò˵ⷽ棬˽ҦΪˣѾĵеС˼ҷ
ôôĬֻҪѷŹңԺֻҪһΪϱҶȻѽҩ˫ַϡҦŵս˫ȭеضĬףĻĬ
һĬһЭҪ֪ǻĻӣ󻹲ΪǲӲ˵ҦΪ˱סԼĬĶǱȻ˲֪ˡ
Ǻǣ˵ҪһأĬһЦֻϧҪĶǱ˸ģҲñ
Լ׷ĶֻͨãŻʤĳɾ͸УȻмɾ˺ܶС
㣡ҦҲǱĬⷬˣӣ
ĬȻҪһ⻰㶼˵Ĭȴ˵ˣҺУֻҪҪܵõ
ֱҦ嶼Ĭһӽ콣ӣдһĨŨŨĲ˼Ͳʣ˫۵ɵĿɡ
һ˶ԷĬ˳ջϵıֹŵĲ˲콣ѪۡѪĺ콣ԽƱˣͺǺȵԼϲϣ˲佣â¶һƤĺںĬҫֺһ
ˣԺȥ硣ĬһһôԼȷе˺콣
ԴӺ콣Լ֮Ĭú콣ȡ֮õĳȻûи콣Ѫ㹻Ҳѹֽô
ܵĬĿ϶͹콣ԾԾԵĸоĬһСӣڵõԼҪߣȻ
Ϲ֪ĬϵǸöڿ콣ͨģǱһ¡ܿ񣬡ĬҪô죡
ѧԺӱ⸱ģЩɨˡ
ִӿڴͳһƿϹ𣬡һԵζʲô󰭣ⶫŵұһ£ʱȻͻѹ
ãңȳȥˣ֪Са취


321 ¶ıã2
вһĨŨŨľȣԭΪĬо鼬֣ϾҦȫ׼ԵѧԺ˵ҩһҩۣŵҩ۶ûȫޡ
вһĨȻֲ֮ǰĬôһҦ壬Ѿ˽İ취ҪҦṩҩôһҦڵļֵҲͼΪˡ
Ĭ򶫷㣬Ǵ׮Ǳ߼ԷѾܾùȥˣĿ㡭
һĬ⣬οҦʱ򣬻߸֮ǰӦѾ뵽ˡĬһҾĬ磬ֻ֮ôҪ˵ʲô
ĬĿһĳ˺ص⡣
ȻĬ˵ⷴ˵һᣬϰҲǿ˵һ׮Ը
Ҳɳ΢΢ͷĿһ˲˲ضĬƴС棬ǵģ㻹ҪлĬȻҡ뵽Ҧ常׾Ȼ飬о;ö
Сһ׮ҳݣȵѧԺ֮ɡĬ϶ȫɣѾһС
һĬǿ϶ҪȥģЩҪȥңĬĸỊ֮̆ǰҦѰҵľ⡣Ȼ⻹ǺҪģټƽңԿ˵Ķˡ
һѵôһĨ֣أ蹫ӣ֪ҪֻҪҾȳҵĸףһ˵Ҹף֮λø㣡
û˻Ե޹ʰ㣬ĬȻҲĿġ
ĬĿľڸղѾ¶÷ǳˣҾڶ㿴Ҳ޿ɺǡ
Żû뵽չô˳Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ǰһ֣صŮˣͺԼ֮ǰʲôǱԷѾһطĬϴһĨΡ
ҡ
ĬĬǲ˼ôɰǿƲס𣬡蹫ӣʵ㲻ؾʲô˼ϰɣ˵Ե
ô֪ϣĬлһĨŨŨľȣûкκ˵飬Ƕȴô϶
ĸоҵһμʱ򣬾һĪϤʱû뵽̽ͿȷĿʶģûв´Ѿȫ⣬˰ɡ
ʶĬѾ˳ҲıԼеľдԣֻˣˡʱѾ˳Ӧʵ
Ĭͷа˼⻰ʵԡڶܹҲֻˣĬ֮⣬Ҳûܰİɣ½ҩúϢ֮󣬻󣡡
˵ĬһСƿӽҩȻӴҩĶ
ʶСƿӣĿ䵽Ĭ߳Ӱ΢΢ۣȥѧԺ˵ɡ
˳ڵҩŮ˲̾Ϣһ
һ鲢ûи֪Ĭʵ֤ҲʲôҪ顣
ĽҲѾܺˡֻǿĨЦôֿɬζ
ÿ˶ܸܵĴڣΪŮȴܹεռλãΪҪһǶôΨһѡԸ֪ˡ˵˵һ漣˰ϣڶϣֻҪҵ⣬ɹԿ
ں֮ǰ͸֪ĴڣȻԸһδѯʵʱȴʶʶѡĬκ˴š⻹Լ
Ҫڲ⣬ҦϹֱ󶫷㶼Ĭӵ
һĬڶ˵ȻСŮȫûκκڵĵط
Ĭһ߳ӭϹЦЦĿ⣬óˣôĵÿ죡
ȥˣǶû˰ɡĬһ߰ɣȥϫǡ
Ϲֿһ˶ʶĬ˹ڶ飬ҲǶԶһάϹ𿴵ĳĬְԶʱ̬ǲһģҲһӡ
߰ɣϫղŻڵ㡣Ϲ첲ȻشĬļϣ˵ʵһҪĽŮԵˣôһǹ㣬Ҳ
Ϲ뿪Цȴǲɳһ㣬Ĭϻ˿ƲסҪϹԼ⡣


322 ¶ıã3
ѧԺ˾ȻҩҩˣĬЯĽⶾҩƿЩ˶֪ʲôӲ˵ɽ˳չ
֮ǰܹ¶Ĭƫε飬Ҳ˴ĸĹۣ˵ĬϹ˾ȻģﻹǼƽһЩ顣
˵ʱĬضδܹǲСͽ̣ˣĬض֮ѾûκιϵȻٹ˼ЩضӵĻǻϴͻ飬ò˶þҪˡ
Ȼܹ֮·йһĨźضû˻飬ĬضȻҲǼõһԡ͹һ˵ֻض䲻Ĭĵ
蹫ӣܹȥ
ܹյСͽܣĬȥ
ĬںϹǼ̸ʲôͻȻ˴ϣԷܹߵĵӣһĬҲ벻ʱܹͻȻԼȥʲô飬ͷãͷˣ͹ȥ
֮ĬѾΪѧԺ½żˣĬȻԼ˵ͷ׿һ˲䲻ˣҡͷ蹫ӣôǵľˣҡεεСŮҼӲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźãɬؿһĬ蹫㡣
˵СŮ˿ٳĬǵ׿һƲססԼĿڣǻͺҪһһСÿԵγѪһ
Ĭʵ̫˧ˣ
ϫݺݵƲƲǣ֮ǰĬѾ˵ˣڼֱеĴҩһѧԺ󲿷ŮӶĬİˡ
ǺǣҿһŮǶǿˣϫ벻ɳ˳ǣ֮ԻرҪܻرˡ
ϫ㿪ЦˣǾ֮ͣҪʲôرġĬǺݺݵس˳飬ԺȴԲ˺ܶҪĳһݺݵҡͷֱⲻʺˣ˻ңȥȥͻء
˵ĬҲܺǼ˵ʲô񡣲ȻǵĜϫ˵ʲôþֵĻ
ϹʱܹôȥĬҿɼǵܹºĬĹϵǺܺðɡ
ϫһ̯֣ҲһĨģİɣĬˣܹ²ṫȻΪġ˵һ㣬ϫҲָ򶨣˵ĬǼٵġ
Ϲ͜ϫ˵ĵģӮôãʵҷܹ²ΪϴֻҪǴˣʱϴ󽻺òȷѡֲܹɵġ
Ĭ׿һ˲ߣ·кִܹ¶ûеġ
ŮĽĿ⣬׿һϿƲס¶һĨϲͺĬ߾һּΪҸˣԵĻϣ·Զһ㣬һֱ߲ͷ͸Ӻˡ
Ȼ·оͷǼӵʱ䣬͵ܹϢ
ʦ֣ʦ㣬ҾͲȥˡСŮϴһĨÿķΣģɷǺÿ˿¶Ѿ׿һ׸ˣȻϵĬֻ˵Ǹˡ
ãͷʦˡ
ĬҲѾ׼кһܹ¡ĻӦÿᲽ˽ȥĬݼܹ£֪ĬΪ¡
ܹ´ǰ꣬Խ϶Ĭȷѵһꡣ
Ҳʲô飬ĬܺãѧԺһƽ٣ͷһԺ£øĽԲ١
û뵽ܹĻ֮ǰһģ
Ĭоȣڱȴ˿ԣɫԽⱾǵӦģһӹ°š
ò˵Ĭ⹧ģԽܹ⣬Ĭжȣѵõ꣬Ժǰ;һܹԽ϶Լ֮ǰ뷨ǵЦԽͰͷȳȥɣ
ĬĻصԼסǺ֪ӦܹģԼʾðɡ
С꿴Ĭڳ̾ϢһˣһССĹôʲôǾʽʼˣ붫ɽѾܽˡС˶٣СŮݺݵüģٿյģҲĬסע
ЦЦò㿴ϸָظϲСŮͷᣬĬĿ⿴ԶɽĵطҲĪĸо
С˳Ĭ߿ȥĿ ˣҲˣ֪Ϊʲô־ʲôҪһĪܵġʲôջҹȥһ
βмΪУھС궼˵⻰òĬġ
İɣܷʲôҶߡСŵĬҲŲ


323 Ѱҩ1
ѧԺҲ֮ǰ࣬ѧʱ붫ɽУѧǵжֻСУ֮ͳѧĳɹǷ֡ɽвҰޣޣҪĹͬʱҪ̷ͬᣬ⾺ѹҲ١
ѧԺÿһӶ䷢һöѧԺרѫ£ѧҪǴӱ˵Ӷѫ£˭ѫ¸Ӷ࣬ʤߡȻ˶Լѫ£ûܹѫµģζ֡
ÿһֻҪܹסԼѫ²ʧģѧԺᱻѧӦĽһ͸ӼѧĶǲΪ׷һҪסԼѫ²ʧͺá
һʱ䣬˶˶ɽ
ĬȻǺϹһ·ġ
ĬһСемʵߵİϹؿһΧС飬ȫʲôȥѫ£ϹΪԼ
Ĭǹ飬Լʱʱܹõĵһ˼ģСڻĬ޳ռ䣬òǲǼЩĬҪȻҲСݡ
ҿҪǱһʦҪ죬һҲиӦ֮ǻ档
֮ǰûĬ˵⧲֪Ҫֿˣ᲻ð
ϫвһĨģĬ磬ҩϽҩʲôǿ԰ģС鹲ͬˡ
԰Ǵѫ£СүϹƲƲǣⲻȥ۸СүҲ㽱
ϫϹ˶ˣӮȻҲһ˼صصͷϴҲ԰İ
޳ռС궼ҪˣһĬʲô͹ˣȻҪ޳ռ䷢ùˡСвסӣһֱ治ȥֱҪ˷Ľࡣ
ѧԺİĬȻҲĿŵСôһһ˴ȥԲѲССίһ޳ռ䡣ȵҶֿˣĬٰǷų
⼸˻ĬСȻǳȥˡ
ܵСĿ飬ĬһذһˣʦҪҩıȽ⣬˶˷㣬ǻҸղ˵֮ټǡ
ĬѾô˵ˣȻҲûء
аɣĬԼСıǣ֮ټϹ˵ͷĬкܶܣȻԸ˵ǼҲǿǾʹ˷ֿɡ
ǰһ·ȷΧѾûˣĬǷİСǷ˳
ߺߣǱˣԺԸָҲҪ޳ռˣС겻ƲƲ촽ﻹһģС̣С⻰ʶͬĵͷȥȥžĬˡ
С̵Դã룬Ժ󶼲ȥ޳ռˡĬ˵С껹С̣ԼϦദС飬ǼһĴڡ
СĬͨȻĬ룬һز˲Ĭĸ첲֪ˣʣµˣСһﻹ˯֪ʲôʱѹ
ԴϴڶѨеѹ֮󣬾һֱ˯״̬Ѿкܳһʱûпжˡ
˵Ĭ۴ҲһĨŨŨϧڴŵ˳ƿǵһ졣
ţǵŰɣŵ֪ǴҶôǹһŬƿǶģʱҪúദ
ţ磬磡Сһ˫ɫ˸ƵĹʣȻҲǼΪڴ
ĬСһ·ܿȺɽȥũҩأܸƫʪĻĬûаԥűɽȥϻŨŨĿ϶
СĬ֮ǰɽ֮Уڶɽ߿ǸΣյĶ࣬ȫûʲôѹС̳ûжãͱĬߣӴȻʱ˺ܶࡣ
СдŨŨ˷ܣˮĴ۾һ˲˲ضܱߵĻ۵͸źͻϲֻҪĻʺĵطӹ͸һŨŨĻϲ
໡СһﶼƲס໽еĻϲ֮顣
Ĭ΢΢Զ˾ǵķʵĿ鶼ֲ˵Ȼһĭ룬˵õĵķɣ˵ľ
ԺлᣬһҪǶߡ
С껹С̣ǶӦҰĻԼߣǳɳĻᡣ


324 Ѱҩ2
ܵĬϴС겻ɺݺݵҡͷСŮסĬĸ첲ϻһĨοЦݡ
ˣֻҪߣ˵ĵġûߣܷ羰Ҳˡ
СҲһʱԼ̬ȣصصͷţˣװҲһֻҪԶһԺлȥط͸ӺˡСˮ棬͸¶ĶĬΡ
ĬһҪϣԼǱСһжˡ
ãԶһһ˰
ǺЦĿؿŹɵŮŮﱧһֻ˳ĺǣ澹ȻֱܰĸоͺԭӦһ㡣
İڲԶϿŲԶĻ棬һȻƲסĽվĬǰСֻɵС̡
ǿԸܵޱκᣬԵĻİϣԼܹһĬһּ淽ʽ֮ҲκĬ
ϲһĨԳǷ˰ɣȻῪʼĽһֻС̡Ǹ֮󣬱ûа취Ľ˵ʲô֣ԵΣֺγ٣
ĬĬ
˭˭վ
ĬһˣУ֮ǰиоһֱ͵͵Լ棬оԷĶ⣬ĬҲȥˡڶԷ¶ˣ
ܵĬϵĽţСҲʮֵľһ˲˲ضŲԶķ򣬻Ȼ䱸״ֻ̬ҪĬһ£Сܳȥ˸ҧ
С̶һ䣬ǧҪСС̵ʵȻһֻǣΪᣬʮ㡣С̸ĬߣƽʱƺǳģöС̵ѵ˿٣ټСϸϴ߾͸ˡҪСƽʱС̵Լһչţڹؼʱ򣬸ʱԲ
İԼѾǱˣһ˳ȥĬþòң
вһĨգǺþòʱÿ춼ڰĬߣֻСŮ˲֪ˡ
ȻǺİĬһɣ΢΢һô˸ˡİԴ˵ᱣԼĬһֱûм˺ĬоİϢвɾúİӦ»غҫˡ
һúҫƵĴˣ߲ڵˣİҲȫҪΪԭԼߡ˵ĬóİǹԾ֮ˣֻҪҪ飬˭ҲȲ
İԭ㣬һֱǣĬšüģ㲻ǻغҫϢĻŵ˵İ
ˣĬСһﶼ˽䱸״̬ǰѺİԼ˿
İвһĨϲĬУѾһѣԼô֪һغҫˣ˵Ҿһֱڰأ
İԼǷˣĬô򵥵ضԼһкѾĳӡ
Ǻǣ˼ѵоϢĬƳһۺİ͸һĨģҲ̫Сˡ
İһô˵㻹ֱܷҵϢ֮
ô򵥣ĬǼ򵥵仰Ѿ˳շ˺İġ
ѾͺİûӪĻ⣬˵ֶһ֣Ȼ
İãѰܣһҰɣҲð£
ȻȻѺİѵİ֡
İһĬӣȷǰԼˣҪ֪֮ǰϹǼһֱĬߵĺѶܾ˰ȻĬȴҪæá
ܣʲôӣûмһ£Ҳи򡣡
ĳ˿һĸԸĬѵİˡ
СεȴڿİԼ˵Ŀ⣬ˡƲƲǣذһ´״̬С̣ȻСӲ¡
װǲùЩ˻ᴦõġ
ҪĬС˼ˣ͸Ӳǵĵˣȵİҹ͸㶨ˡҪ˵һ㻹İҹĵطĬûע⵽ʱѾ˳Ĭ˵ġ
ССź򣬿ȴĬΪĵСһﶼѾ֪϶İҹĴڡ
С̲ĸ飬һĬлһĨɻ󣬲ȻԼϴô˵˲ģͲôˡСһﰲĵĴԴһʱ侹Ȼ˯״̬


325 Ѱҩ3
İҲĬߣΪ¾һ˸˵ˡĬѾԽԽƫˡİĹҪĬǿͬĶΣյĸ֪Ҳм֡
ܶʱ򣬺İǿֵΪԼܿ˲ٻˣİܵĸܵһΣڳԼϴһĨأʶҪֹĬǰߡ
ĬİܵΣգԼȻҲܵˣвòǰɣһСҿˣ
ǰһСС˸һͺ֪ĬǾһǰֵط겻ŵܶ˱һŨŨľ裬ȴҲͲסеĺ棬ǵǰ
ܣ
İһʱȻῴܣȻĬȻǰץס˵ֻ֮ǰôöûпܵӰӣѾоΣ֮󣬷ڴǰвò˵һЩϸɡ
Ȼİнһ˼ʱ䣬˫ѾĬĺ׷ȥ
ǰ·ΣգֻҪǸǰ棬İԼǻ޷˵׷ȥǸ˲ܵ˺
ĬᶨжҲܸоʱֵĲ׵֮ȻΪȫҩеԸҲòǰһԡҩϵһνĬ£ܸܵҩΪƵı¶裬ԷһҩϷǳҪˡ
ĬеĵطûпܣҲûа취飬ڿ˶ܵӰ;ûа;ϵĵ
ȻֻҸ׷ܵҲû뵽⼸˻Ĵ󵨣ѾǶɽصĵطǾȻΪ׷һ·˹
ѾͨԣǴأ
ҲܵˣԾٶҲ˲٣Ŀ⿴ŲԶĵطȻһĨͺ£Ҳǰ
С壬ܵĸܵһǿҵѹһ޳ϣСΪޣƵʱ򣬻ǻƲס˫ȲϴһĨࡣ
ˣǰǿ壬ҲȥСвȾһĨɻ󣬵ǺηʥȻôǿʵ
ĬһܾͣԼһԶĵطѵҪΪǰǸǿֹġ
ɫ࣬ЦЦܸоԷʲôͷ𣡡
Ĭ³ç֮ˣСޣ֮֮ǰսȺʱѾʶˡҪ֪СѾɹβǵβͶѾͻ֮ȴСоѹ
ԵĻĬԲǵǿĶ֡
СĬ˵ҲǼΪҪģݲʲôʧרעȥܶԷʲôȻڶԷѹ֮£Сȫû֮أƲסزˡ
ĬǿСģһۣ§סСŮļҡͷˣҪǿˣ취ǡСôΪѵӡ
ȻĬԽôԼС͸Ĭϣƴһ֪ĵ̽һ˿ȥܡвһϲԷȻûų⣬ȻϢûа
С껺۾ĬĵĿ⣬һ͹ˡ
ˣҿǵʲô֣ǳǿ󣡡Ưĺ˸һĨ⣬Ҳһ취ûУԷڳ˯ֻҪǲûйϵ
ĬһŵץסҲȫûпܣŲԶԭأһҲҶܣϾӮС
İȻҲѾĬ뷨һĬһĬĿ⣬һһңСسܵķȥ
Ҳסˣǵʲôѵ¾λѡĻԸԼطȥǵأһҲҶ
ŽߵܣĬвȾһĨ־ڱصõĿ⣬ߺߣܣ
ٻܹǵѾʱ뵽ע⡣ܹظܵԼĬץסĻѱλѾ˯ôͣ˭Ҳ֪᲻ѹ
һѣ
һĻܾԻᱧСԱһ˳㿪ĬĹ
ȻȫϢʱ䣬İѾĺ棬ܵĸܵΣգҲ˼˶٣˿ŨҺźİŶȥ
Сģж
ĬһܿҩȴǺٱ֣һΪƫƧɽУθӣأܷӦ죬ǳѱ׽³˿о綾
İһлһĨмһֻСҶԼ֣Ȼúİ˵ĻĬ̬ȡ
Ĭڹ


326 ɽǬؾ1
ҲҺĬ֪İʲôȻ϶Ҫݺݵ²һԼҪİŵˣƫƫһ
ֻİһӣ˳һ˳㿪˿Ĺİƽ£ĬǺݺݵһ
һʱ䣬Ѿ˳㿪䱸ĶĬǣǿ֣˫˭Ҳǰһʱ֮䣬˭Ҳκβ˶ԷҲż
ĬԴУȻ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
ˣֻСҲҾλͶǿ취СתתѾ˼ƽϡ
ĬڣСһܵķȥǻһĨаȵĻȣģܿһ͸˵СħŮһ㡣
ؿС꣬ʶһ޿ˣкԼһǴλءǰܻСʱ򣬾мɽʨΪ֤Լʵðλ˵أǸոԽһ˲䱻ɱˡ
ֱڣж˵ʱʨǲҵĳˣͺǱһ̲һʱ򻹲ŵʱʨһĲҽУҲ˭ҲǰԽ磬ֻɭ֮һϢûС
Ժͱ˶ɽĽһ㣬һ嶼ʶѡƵߣܿԼҲ֮ǰʨλ֮һҵ³
һҲҶɵ㶵ĿСĿ˫źڵѾһ㣬ȫã
ԺлŵʱʨǲҵģѾʧȥ˷ĶɾãԼڱЩ˴ҲȱʬҪһ㡣ԼмＸ϶ܺ͵ʨᲢۡ
Сһ˱ƵģһѹԵĻȻҲλ
ǺǣСܣ㲻Ǻôˣ
һҲǲһشʲôС壬ģȻĬԼǹ۸Сı̬һ
ˣ̬ͱ̬ɣҲˣֻҪܹ˳ץһж
ȻСа취һգ۵ʱ䣬Ҳûз أԹԵرСץסˡ˳ץסֻܣҶһˣСһֳĬǼк
ˣҸ㶨ֻСˣ
ȻĬȴ˿ʲôϲɫȴǲɺݺݵסˣ͸һĨ֡СһźϵЦҲɽֱһӲĳԼλÿȥѵǺ˯Ǹһˣ
СҪ޳ˣĲǹλ˯ġвŵ棬һҪԼ֮ǰСתӣȻǿһȻԼǰȫһûУ
찡Ĳǹģ飬ҴˡʲôʱСôʲôˣڿʵ֮Сܵ˼ûУطҪɱԼҲãŭ˶Է
Ĭɺݺݵһڿˮֱ⾹ȻһֻɫƬԣֱ󣬹ڵط¹򳼷ĸоӲ˵ˡ
İȻһֻ޻šüģһҪĬȻȷһ򵥵顣
С껹һ壬֮壬ΪǿĴڣƺǰڴ·ϾѾĴڣһΪǴ˵дڵ֡СֱǴڹֻΪĳԭ˰ˡ
ǰֻǻʵľ
СھǰҲǹϢԭСһʱġǰֻɲֻһֻ򵥵ľǻĵֲɢôϵơ
һ۹ڵϵС꣬ĬλÿȥΪǸո˯ѻûȫѹתͷԣǻģҲڷε״̬˵ĺ˸žĹʣҲ֪Էʲô
ȷһϻһĨȻûаǼСȻһδǾ˯ˣȻûֱ׷ĬǰѣĿһˣͣĬϡ
ĬʲôиһʯͷܿСһǱߣ˵ǰǴϢǰһء
һ˵ģѾôнŵˡ
ǼͺǱϵ⣬ֻҪֻһ仰ͿԾǵ


327 ɽǬؾ2
ո˯ѵľȻ鲻ȻлǺǣŮӲ޳裡һ۵ʱ䣬ѾС˵Ǻǣ޳費Ǻܴ˯ˡ
𣬷Ҫ׷ղǰѾ׮顣
֪ôģĬȴǲžûҪظǵ˼ȻкܶλᣬֻҪһצӣ˶Ӳ
ȻʵϾûôµĺ˵ȻҲһֺ
ĬһתҲ֪ԼеĲ²⵽׶ԲԣҲֻоʹһ
ϴŨŨ棬ЦЦҵѣҵˣЦЦʲôǰĬԸЦЦһеΡĬս˫ȭҲﻰС겻ܡ
вһĨ⣬һЦҲһŮӣ˵ҵˣͳͳҪҲıԼľ˵ʱ򣬾һһ˲˲ضĬףҪСŮ˻ʲô
Ĭһ࣬ĵסԼı
ǰĲܷŹǣôĬҲֻеˣ
ǵģĬûԼҪС겻ܡߵ˱ĵزôкǶǾĶ֣ĬҲֻܷһ
콣ɪɪԣĬҲ볯žȥһŰƴСϴһĨľĬѡ
Сһ֪ͣԼ˲ԼʱԽжܵĬĹ裬ܺ¾С
ɢѹžԵ𺳣ñ˴ĵһֿ־壬Ҫ˵Ժ¾һҪ˵Сˡ
Ϊֵ֪ǿԲŻ᲻ǰûС
ȻʱСȴһӳƴԼҲҪһأ
ˣ㣡
İҲͬһʱ֣ĬȥˣܺˣСŮ˵İΣѾǱ˺İеһִвһĨŨҵĻ棬ƺȼеһУ
Ҳû뵽Ĭ˵־Ͷ֣˵Ļᡣ
ãúãǵԼжûжˣ˯̫ãѵüһȤˣкսԾԾԣ޲
໡
Хʣһɽζضɽҡͺֻصһ㡣
ǰͲԵô΢Ӵʮߵģһ㣬ŷצӣĬھǰһССϣҳݡ
Ĭͺİ˶һۣоǶ𺳣
ңһʱ䣬ͺǧĬȫöԷ˵Ѿᡣ
Ĭž߹ȥİұߣлһһӰޱĳžȥԶԶȥͺһ㣬ԭڶɽвŨŨľȺ𺳣
찡⣬ѵԭֻǴڵģҾȻ
ϹǼӿʼ붫ɽ֮󣬾һֱһһҲȫǱɽͻȻı仯𾪵ˣʶԶķ򡣲֪ôģϹȴǲһĨĸо
۾һգգضžֵĵططʵ̫ԶˣͿǱ߾УǰͻȻڴǰľʣҵ˲˫һЩʵһĵӶѾŵֱӹڵط
ϫתͷϹǵɫ˵벻֮꾹Ȼֻּܿڴ˵вܼϹڵģϫ϶˵ֺγġ
ɽ¿Ҫ̫ƽˡ
ܹһҲ뵽ѧԺȻӶô顣ж¼ԶҪ֪˵ƢɲǺܺãǻƽ뿪ⶫɽ
֮ǰѧԺڶɽҲѾٰ֪ٴƫƫһǵùһ鶼ûʡĵĵط
ѧǶڶɽڸղһ֮󣬵ضɽҡѧ˻ԶȨҲһִΪֻбסԼк󻰣Ȼ⻹һЩѧڶɽ
ϹԶķ֮һһСϣƺԽԽ꣬ƴҪ˦Сһ㡣֪ǲԼĴǺںս
Ϲ𲻸˵⻰ȴ˵˳
֣ôźڶսµӲɺݺݵҡͷоԼһˣôܣǿôѵҪˣ


328 ɽǬؾ3
ϹһԲԼһ˵뷨һ䣬֪뵽ʲô͜ϫһۣ˾ǴӶԷпһ˿أȻﵣĵĶһġ
ںսϹ϶˵ϴŴδеĳأݺݵս˫ȭĺҪȥȻô׵顣
ֻҪһϣϣԼеĲ²Ǵġ
ϫһСҰףʶסϹĸ첲ƺʱҲֻ΢һο塣ʵϹе뷨ȻǺһȻҲ¶ı顣
Ĭ
Ĭ
Ϲ£ϫסԷ־ͺǿƲסڲǽŲѡ
ڱ˵ӡУϫֺܼǿݿ϶Ůӣûп˵ʲôµʱ򣬿¡ǸľĬ
֮ǰĬǼֿԾǳǸȥΪҪĬʹһɫĳϫһǿҵĸоڲϸǸɫӰĬ
ϫȻĬʵǿڶϵǸȴֻвŻֵഫطƸ꣬Ѿ޽ӽһĴڣûܹʤġ
ȻĬȴڶսһʵûôǿ󣬲ҲԲǱκһҪС
ϹֺγĬһĺݺݵԵĻݺݵذĬһ٣ö˶˵ȥ˼ҾʲôȻиϣԼˣǸͲĬ
ӮĸʵǸĬĹľԲκһ١
һͣĿ⿴ССӰ棬߸ͿǱߵӮסüģ˵Ǹϴɡ
Ӯ⻰һϹɫԽѿش⻰ʵҲ˵ǵǲĬ
ϣǡϫĿ˵ٶ඼ûκ壬ҲֻĬƽˡ
ĬǷȻҪΪԼ޵˰ȻδҶܵĬİˣĬ˵ȻҲڡҾðɣĬӦûûзģĸҺֻ
ƽʱϫ϶һȥˣһǣĬȻҲûʲôЩ˼ƽϡоȻҲǺһϣĬûзҪභ
׿һݺݵƿղųԳĬǸӣҪŮӸССģʱȴԱһ˫˵ӺݺݵصŶԷǸ
ԼҲûʲôϵ׿һ׾Բ˶Ĭ
೤Ȼʱ׿һһСŮ˵Ƹŵˣ΢΢һ㶣û׾׿һ׾ȻͻȻ裬ڷʲô谡ʲôǸûдҪҲԶһ㣡
˶ݺݵض׿һףҲˡ೤յĵӣоԿǺʵһԴĬڴҵҰ֮೤е츳ɱˣͲע⵽ﻹһ೤
һȻϲ˵೤пǿĬﶼ˳ۣѵҵĬĻᣬȻܴˡ
׿һҲ೤滹ܹأ
೤ƿСŮʾԼķȭУҪǸĬǸҲôĬ磡ԴĬ˴֮ѾΪ׿һеĴӢۣ˵ʲôҪάĬ
೤һ׿һףһǰСѾͷ⣬İ׷ԼԴˡһǺǣҵʲôأԭĬ˵İӴӴӴ׿һ㻹ͦĵİôĬСˣҾôһ˵Ϳʼˣ
˵ûУҾǲĬ磡ǵľˣôҪ׿һǺһС೤ҴеС˼ȴҲϵģ
׿һ׿೤Ҫ˵ʲôһ˵ȥˣĬֽѵ˻ˣڻҩأ壬Сˣ
Ǻǣ壬СˣһСŮ˸ָű೤õŹ֣Ҫ׿һ˵ĻĶʵ
ʵΣҲһ㣬ʷԶɹд֮ԶĬˡ೤ﻹҪЩ
ѵһͷβСˣ壡
׿һ׺ݺݵص೤дŨŨǴСŮӲˣȥô仰һľŮӣվ˵ǿԿ׿һжĬ̶ˡ
ǺǣûĬңƾʲôֻĬһнҩ˵Ǹͱ˺ıվװˣ೤⻰ģĬˮ
㣡
׿һһᾹȻҲҪô˵ȥ
ǲҪˣ쿴ǱߣҲ֪˭ֵĺҵעйȥһǿڿн˫


329 սѣ1
ĬΪĶ֣кͺİСС̼˵ȫ˾ֺϴŴδеأɸоһ١
ĬûҪ
ֻսҲû;Ŀԣ
ĬҲ֪Լ뵽ʲôֳֽ콣ɢڵĹԣ裬һʩչ߲ӰؾžȥĬѾܾˣ˲ھо͸һһ˶ûС
Ĭͺİǣÿ϶лٵˣȻȴҲǼ̶ǵսҲǵġھ˵ĬǼˣո˯ѣ鲻ɱ䣬ȻڸûĬǼˡ
СһĨɻһָоΪڹǼһʵ뷨һܿͱСˣԸ˵ľè׽Ϸȵ湻ˣʱǼʱ
໡
һ޺лһĨ˼飬ȻһССˣʶģצܵҪĬԼĸȥ
ˣȻ˱𣡡
ĬҲû뵽Լĳɹ˾֮ǰ۲˺ܾãк̶ܴʵǾΪĵطǼеĸĳɹˣ
ĬİһĬͺǶߵķһźȥȻԼȴȥסĬаղѣİףòĬþģץסᣬŻĬʧ
һ֪㣬ҪžĸϵĶԽĬˣԲŹ
ȻʱΪĬ겻ѣѾ˲ȥܺİĹֻһͷһҪԼСŮ˺ú֪צû֣ӳĬŶȥ
ȥɣ
һŭضɽҡ㣬һ𺳡
ɽ߿žǴ򶷵ҲɱǰһĻŵˣм䲻Ѿź;սľĬڿĬŹȥͲϸ˼ֻ֪ҪĬɣ
Ҫϫһûа취Ĭˣ֮ǰһڣ̫ڼ˹ȥ
ҲҺϹվڜϫԱߣʱס˜ϫ룬ǻĺüĽĬŜϫҲûһʡĵġ
ǵһΣϹоԼȻôһ˵̫СʱվĬĬصԹ֮⣬Ȼʲôˡ
ֻĬ漣
찡⻹೤ȴǲһĨЦݣĬˣ԰Ҫȥսã
кܶҪĻϹ˵֮£೤ûǴѡ졣ףԼϹǲ˺ܶ࣬ϹҲǸղ׿һһɳԲ
Ů˫ֽסģѪĿһ˲˲ضԶһĸĬһµģ
ǲĬ磬Ĭ粻µģ첻ộ
׿һУĬǸܵĴڣôܾôˣ
Ϲ𵭵Ƴһ׿һף֮ǰСŮҲǺ˳ۣǵʱ򷴶˵һʵԣĬ£˭ҵıͬͬ⣡
˵ֳֽ˸ŨŨɱ೤ķ򣬡ҪҪԣ
⻰Ƕ೤˵ģ֮ǰڣ೤һֱָĬģ˻ΪûĬͻ޵ˡ
֪ϹĶ֣೤ʶһܿϹĿ⣬浣ϹĳԼƴһܱܿܵ˳೤һ죬ŲΪԼ⣬Ҳúƴ
⻰Ȼûʲô˻ţиǿ೤Ϊ
Ǻǣǹؼʱʲôܾϳ塣Ǳ֮źѸõ״̬Եˣ
ϹЦһƳһ೤ȫװģУǿܱˡ
𣬡Ϲ˵ˣĬϹֵܣҪȴҵ̤ȥᶨƵ̬ȣԿ֮Ĺϵ
Ĭ粻µģǲҪ˵˵׿һŷȭվϹأʾԼϹһ·սߵģҲ֧㣡
ǿϧĬһĻ֪Լڵʱô˻޷˵֧Լ
ϹջرĿ⵭ȻϸעĻһῴ۵׵ĵģĬܲܶȹһء


330 սѣ2
ȷĬΪΣʱ򣬸ûܰʱͻȻ漣֡
ĬĿŽߵצлһĨ̾Ϣû㿪Ĺ̫Ĳʣǵʱԣ
ԺвɸֳİҹӰһͣڸղŴһͷںڵͷɢʱĬԵԽˣ˵ĬǸŮҲ˻ˡ
İҹҵȲˣ
ֱĬеһʱ뵽ľİҹʱŻ֪ףʵǸİҹѾ˳ռзǳǳҪλáֻǿϧֱûüİҹĬϲϲ
ǰñ׵Ļ̫ɿ飬ȫĬԸ񣬿ڲףЩ֮ЩȻ¶Ҫȵˣźڡ
Ů΢΢˫㣬žһצӣ˵ֿ
Ĭ
һŭʹ飬ͺһͷһ쳤Хѹֲסʹ¶
İк޼ĬߣǾȻְĬȻ
ѵҪԼںˣǰǶһĥԣİԸǸ˾Լ
ס֣ߣ
һʲôĬǰ
ԭԤеʹಢûг֣ϤĬ׻˫ۣŵԼǰСޣѤİ׹⣬һСʹŶҪĬһĶȻˡ
СһһС֣صصǰôСĸӣȴͷų޾Ȼ֮䣬ȫ޾
ĬҲɴһĨŨŨĵǣСһ;ȣС嶼ѹһµģλǾĶ֡
һ˶Ĭһɣϵ黹Ƿˡ
ԭѾĵĬǰצӲͣڿУдŨŨĲ˼飬۾һգգضǰֻСޣ۵𲻿״ľϲ


ǵصƲסزȻǼ໡شĿˣתȻڻôССһֻȻ͹Сϴѹþѡ
ÿһֻϣԼܹ֮оһһĴڡǧ֮ǰһƽ٣ܵвкܶսһսУµҲǱ˽磬㿪׷ɱ
˵ѾҲǵ඼Ѿ˽ֻǵǴ˵еĴڡ
С΢΢üƳһۼѵľ۵׻һĨΣȻ壬ȴҲԲܾôˡ˶ԷðԼ˵
Сͺһгϣ˲ֻı죬ΡΡؿС񣬴ԴƺʶԼķ
ֻл䣬Сһ˴СģС޵ǰȻߵĴ
һأСҰݼˣð֮˿ŹСһذɡ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣŸղȻôһĹ˲С˼ٱģվԼǰСȣǿ˵һȻһﾹȻô֪ܵԳԼһֻС
ⲻص㣡
صվԼǰֻС޵ʲôͷ񣿣
֣ϵղ֮С޳ڵĻĬһ²⣬ǾȻǰȷˡֻɵԭأС޺͸ղ֮Ķš
ĬƽİкݺݵһֻͻȻڴǰС޵ʲôͷֻҪĬ¾ͺãҿֻС޵ģվһߵģӿԷˡ
Ĭû¾ͺã
ĿᣬղžģǰѺİŵˡ
ܵİĹģĬ΢΢ͷģҺܺá
Сûʲô˼ˣһСѾͷһͶ뵽ĬĻͶһ㣬ֻĬĵطĵĵطлһĨǻˣҸɲ˲Ϊ㡭
ĻСô˵ȥˣݺݵҡͷǼ˺õúأޣõúأһƽƽģ
СҲһģˣˣһ˫ƯдŨŨĵġ
ĬижһƽʱʱҲжճ˵ĵطȵֹؼʱ򣬾ͿԿǵˡ
΢΢İɣǼ˺ܺãµġ
ɫСҲҪСһͶĬĻ֮УȴǱס˽ŲвȾһĨꡣ
֪ˣҪԹȥﰭۡСһĮ³ôһ仰˵Ȼ֡
һͣ΢ĴԴȥҪȥ


331 սѣ3
ĬǱֻС޵Ÿ۷ˣ⵽ðСޣʵ̫ˣһھֻղŲҪԼľȥƫƫžģȻ֪
֮ǰǼڵĹңˮתؾͱֻùˡȻĬִ־Ա⣬黹ǲġ
ͺòˣС޿˺üͷˣСĴˣһ档СϧѾʽ΢˼ع壬֮
ҲѾ̫ˣѾû˶̰˼ңڵһϣϣһ˻ع飬֮һɨơ
СƳһ۾ȻûаѶԷУǺǣ̰
ˣȴûκεĲʣڵطԺһĨ⡣Ŀ⿴Ĭķղ˷ΪССһƶԷһˣ
ĬʵѾһϣ
ĬӦֻԭСǰľһתԼǰʶһȴǰֻܲĹԼˡ
Ĭ
ˣ
ղĬھȫһˣǺİС궼ʶĬǰ棬ݺݵضǰֻ
ξҪĬһĹĬǰĿϣ𾴵֮ղСϿ
ǣĬЦһȻǱԼˣֻΪֻСġ
нţĬѾϣˣϣСðС֮ǰСûҪǶǸϾɱϿ
Ĭһ۾ʱȷǶ飬Լ˾ĸ¶ԷˣǻܾáȻĬҲô׾žǲ˺ԼǸղŵС޾Լ
Ͼһ֪˶ãô˵Ҳͦϧġ
оĬеɶٽΪԼ飬ֻҪϿˡСӴСһƾϲǲԹԼΪֵ˼ˡ
Ĭǳ˳飬ԺоȻҲԲһԼžаĻ棬ݣȷǲԱߵС֣˵ŹֻĻ
ǺǣСһžĵģһ㶼ûĸ߰˻ӦҸղû˵ˡ㻹һôķϣƹһ
⻹ã
иˣԼӹһ٣ͷлл˿л顣
Ĭ΢΢һ飬ʲôûɡǳɹշֱֻлǲ龹Ȼô򵥡
˾⣬ھֵǰֻСˣԼʶ
Ĭ΢΢üģ̽˵ǵ
Ĭ˵ˣСС̣Ҳʣµˣǵ֮ǰһŵƿǶ
ĬٻСһϲһٶȣĬĻȥȫ֮ǰھǰģͬͺһӼĸһسĬţˣ
ǵ
ƿǳ˰
Ĭʶſ˫ۣСһﱧڻǻĳ磬ϲƿˡ
СҲɾ֮֮ǰһֱСڶ棬ԻȻѾȥôãСԼˣղӦں;򶷵ĹУСĵ˳һ˳ˣ
ǵۿСӾȻģСɲܣ൭ë׵ԴֻͷϡϡļëСŮŪš
ǱˣͱһƸ˦ȥˣĬС꣬һ˷ܣǺദģʽ
СԴźߣԵģ˳ˣԺҪһԶֿ
ԺݺݵصͷȥԼиߴޱȵ˾ȻһСǰ¶ֺõģ
İܵĻ΢΢Ĭİȫõˣ˭ð
ܵһ֮ĬȷӦԼһֱ֪ʲô֣ڣһؿŵ񣿣һ˼
ҲһҡҡԼβͣ԰˼Ҿ񣡡
֮ǰûƿ֮ǰûжټ䣬ڵѾ˱ͣһЩҲ˳ԼԺ֮СȻⶼǹȥˣѾһ
ŵĿĬԼݿ鷳ǵ˵ע⣬˻᲻Լôţ΢΢壬ؿĬյСģֱһĶˡ


332 תƽ1
ĬȻѾµ˵׿ڳϣǲɵһͻȻоԼҲǵըˣȥؾһȦȻһֻ
찡㾹Ȼô
ԭΪܵĬų⣬⻰һĶҪߵ˼ʲôģܷʲô飬ֻ˵ĵ
ĬĴ۾һ˲˲ضŵСһʵ̫ˣֱҪ˸ȻˡôǿĴڣȴԼǰ¶ôɵģ
ãԣ
СиˣҪ˵ĬΪƿǸ֮⣬СҲ⣬ĿһתǲǻԽĸ߱ˣأ
ˣѽΪˣԺ߳ȥú硣
֮ǰǳ˯״̬жĬǵҲúܣڵСĻȻϤζϴԺԴС̵棡˭Сˣ˵ͻȻûпС̵ӰСأ
ӾβͺڳһСӰŵķ˹ȥСһ벻ȻǵԼĴڣ
໣磬СǣС˿ԼԵĳ֮飬ڼʶ֮СѾѵͷųݵĶˡ
Сһۼһ𣬻˵Ļ⣬ǿž;úаˡ
Ĭ΢΢ǰСһͺǿԼĺһ⺬ЦһҸĸоȻ
Ҳ˵øˡİһսսվǺľһﻹ֮ǰŰģͱһ£ʱ˵
˵ĿƲס׷ĬǰСŮ˾ͺħһܱߵ˻඼ȥĬΪķȥȫ벻
ͷͬ⣬ֱĬһֲ˼ĸоû뵽ʱ򵰵Ȼѹ˳ǽ⡣
һѣҲӦǾ仰Ѳк󸣰ɡ
ĬתɵվǺľü΢΢鷳黹ֻҪô졣Ĭ뵽ԼѾȥֻٲԼϲ͵ȫ롣
ע⵽ĬڴԼվøӱֱҪĬ֤Լʵһɿ֡ھҲѾˣʵŮˣȴ˵ģҶԸĬĻҲζţֻҪֺĬ͵ֺˡ
ò˵ֻҲǼΪģҲΪݴ֪þһδ׷ɱǱڶɽС
սսĿĬǵԼ΢ʲôõĵطĬŭˣʱ鷳顣
ϣʲôСЧ͵ģӿĬŨŨֺá
Ĭһ飬Ϊϰ
ǽʲô֡˼ҼȻҪǣֶܲûУԼҵСܣһڶĳ羴֮飬ĬҲӲܡ
ίѾԱźüˣ˭ûмסﰡĬǰ˿ҷش𣬡ϣСҡ
ң
ĬͷңֲþԺ󶼸ǿܲⶫɽĺû
һ˼ţڸԼ
æڵϣдһĨ󣬡ϣСϲҪС뿪ֻҪܹߣСԸ֮ǰС˵ϣ϶£ֻҪ£ʲôԡ
Լҵͷŷ˿þȴǲǶһҫˡ
ҲҪߵ˼Ը£Ǿ͸ǰɡ
Ĭɿڣǿһ޲ǰݺݵرסĬĴȣȻϴ˱κ˶ҪĶˡڿԸ
һҲ˹ƳһһûϢľˣֻʵôڻãƬ½ǾĶ֣ԺоҲи֡
˿ֱܻ˵ԼǰѾɴʹˣ⻰䵽ĶУȴ˷ֻ֮Ҫܹ¾ֻһֵݣѾ㹻þˡ
Ȼô˵ˣĬȻҲᷴԣãûǱ仯һ壬Ȼģǻȥ»ŵˡ
вף仯һ壬ϻȥԿķװһ
ۡ
һ˵װ֣ǰĬЦˣҡͷ벻㻹ͦĬģҿɲҪװƣ͵ͺá
ϲռĶϲҫȫĬ⻰˼


333 תƽ2
ȴȵСģҲǰĬˣһϻõġ
͵£ܸ벻˺ĬѧԺѾͷˣžȥĬԼԺܰˣΪƽҲҪ͵ס
ƶǶȴǶĬŨŨĳݣȻǽƻడС˼ãϲ
ãϴҪҰԼСһ𣿣ȻϲԼӴȻĬ϶ĵͷҡһ䣬˳С˺üһյĴСȥҲǶ˼ַȡ
ϴˣ𣡡
ĬҲ벻ԭС֮ľҲͦ۵ģ֪˻ΪԼhץޡ޾ްɣܱһֻȥҪúܶˡ
ԡ
ǰѶɽһ䣬˳׽ܣջһ֣ΪҪǵ˳ƿˡһжõķչ
Ĭһʱ䣬ûмǴĻѧԺһ죬ٲȥҪͳʱˡ
ǿȥҶͳʱˣϹǼԼõļʱ䣬ǹҪˡ
ѾԲǵĲĵ⣬һҶѾʶĬѾˡ
ܹһͳƺ˳عѧһѧԺȻ˲ѧкܶѧˡܹ¶֪ԼȥҪôѧԺ˽ˣΪͷ۵ĻĬ䡣
֮ǰ˵ĬܹвţĬ³ç֮ˣ֪Լв˻ӲҪԣⲻɵ
ʱѾȥĬӰβ˵ġĬҩôΨһյͽܣͿԲµҩĬӳ̶ȣĬγϴĵҩͿ֪ˡ
ܹɾãҩǰԼܹ뵽ĵҩĬ׼ˣΪʱ֮衣ĬȴˣѾҩ֪֮ı飬ϼһﲻԼƴŹˡ
೤ŲᵣЩѾһ죬Ҫǻŵ˶ѾӶɽ˳Ĭȴûг
תתܹ£ʱѾˣӦÿĳɼhiaûгӦǡˣû˵Ҳס
Ϲ˫ȭһ˫ĿǿĬµģôˣǻ˵˵ȵ֮󣬾һǰ档
Ĭ֮ˣʧġ
ϫ֮ǰιȥ֮󣬷侲˺ܶ࣬һ䣬վһ죬ľͽˣֻҪ컹ûкڣǾͲôˡٵȵȣ
ܹͷϫ⻰Ҳ˵Լԣϫͬѧ⻰öԣڻûеʱ䣬ٵȵȰɡ
˲֪ϫݣܹ᲻֪ϫΪԺǧ𣬿ܵԺĳ谮Мϫ뿪ڣȻҲ˳˵ȥ
೤һƲƲǣϲž͵ŰɣҲıĽĬѾˣѵ˻ɣ೤Ѿ϶Ĭɡ
ǺǣϲǾ͵ŰɣҲıʲô೤һԵͷȥԼ顣
ܹ¿һˣһͷʵѾĹͷϵʱҲǺ磬ټζɽ־ǾԮɽĵҲѾ˲ʱ䡣
Ȼ˵ŵȵ䣬ʵҲûжʱ䣬Ծ˵ҪĬҲռݴҺܶʱ䡣
Ѿʱ䡣
˵ʵʵǜϫҲѾϣˣһٸԼһҪٵһȣ˵Ļ漣أ
ʱһȥͷбӦû˶ѾˣڻûܴӶɽ߳ĹѾ׶༪١
೤ˣʱѾˣǲͳƼƷ˰ɡ
ܹѾˣҲ뿴Ľ˵ʵκ˶ϣܹ㿴ĬĬС£ҪĬҩϣԹĵҩʦ٣ѧԺ֮оԺҪҩ֡
ܶʱҶԵҩʦģٵʱҪҩʦһöҩܹ֮ǰŵȵѧԺ֮ȥҩһö鵤Ĭϳ飬ҩϼһﻤ̣׷ͷϡ
Ҫ˵õҩҩƴͺܺˡ
ˣʱˣǿʼͳĳɼܳһ۶ɽķ̾Ϣһûʲôϣˡ


334 תƽ3
⻰ϹԻҪ˵ʲôʲôû˵ڣҶѾ˺ܾˣĬûл
ϫĬ𣡡ϹĿⲻɽķǼֱĵط
ϫô᲻ϹʲôԵĻҲϣʱĬҴææ֮ܳǼǳǸѾۼʱǴˣԲһ
Ůս˫ȭȣ׵ָӿԿ˿ѹֵ顣
Ҳϣܻ֪˵ʲôӦĬһ뿪Ͳˡϫһʹա
мĬԲһ֮ҪӮˣ˶ĬǳˣǻزˣȻӮȴһ㶼ôΪ
һ˵ʲôϴΪһ鵢˰ˣһ˵ʲôɥӮһȴҲֳ˶ĬľΣ˵ȻǼϴʱʲôϲ
ϫϹΣҲǵ˵ͷҲϣ
ζɽʱԼһ룬мǹž飬ӷɢ˲˼ﻹм˻ǵȥѫ£ܶ˶ǱסԼѫ¡Ȼʱ򣬳ѫµ˾ͳ˽Ļˡ
žϹǼҲֻԼѫ£Ҫһóɼǲˡ
೤ϵЦԽˣԽҪΪԼѡ񽾰ԭҲźһȵʱͳһոҲһٵõѫ¡ڽ붫ɽ֮೤ȴͻȻı⣬ѡһʼȥռѫ¡
һ೤ϵѫԿ˵һмˡ
Ǻǣ೤ɲʲô͵֮ˣȻܹҲֱһҲȫҪ͵
һģ׿һоֱߣʲô˲ģðˣѵһ˻һôˡĬǵ֮ĵһ
һ뵽Ĭ׿һвһĨȻѵڶɽ
೤֪СŮ˿ԼȴԽNɪһҾϲ忴ңֲôģò˵ְӣܲ˴
ˣҵѫĿѾͳϣҾһҵĳɼ֮ȷǰĽǻصѧԺ֮ͳһ䷢ܹ²κ
೤15öҢ10öС8öһһŴҵϵѫ¸Ҳĳɼ
Ȼϣǵʲõĵһ
೤ǽҪûôˡ
ؿϹǼǹһĨЦݣǲǺôڲһöûУϾȻֻԼһöѫҲó˵Ҳ֪һһ೤ǣɾԼеĵһ
Ӯ೤⽾ģһʲȥȭҿʲôڲΪϴڣȻҲֲš
ʵĬҲĳɼ
֮ǰĬѾֳԼԸȥͱʲôѫ£ֱӺǷֿĬϻҩϸ
ϹӮļʾοİɣҲƲɼǺǣЩϲžȥɡѵйͣ㻹Ҫȥ֮ҧһڣҪҧȥɣ
Ϲⷬݣǰ೤ƵΪ˵ǹˡ
Ϲᣬе˶úǿһһ೤˵ʵݻͦеİ
ǼܣҲö˵ʲôֻܰ͵Ц
Ϲ˵˭أô˵𣡡
೤һǺԼǵĵһǱ˶̬ȴûбһ㣬ɾøĳԼһСһ
Ϲ֪೤˼һܿ϶ĸһС
Ǻǣ˵˭˵վʲôѵ˵ζˣҪȥԣϹƲƲǣȻ೤С
೤˵ʲôˣǺȥǱϹ𳰷
ߣҲβǾûκã೤һת˻⡣
ǼҪˣֻܹһͷۣ֮ǰôûзԭǸ೤ôᷳĴڡֱе鶼һģȻһǺúõġ
ˣˣһ±ͳƳǰ
೤лԾԾԵ⣬ǵһˡ
ţǲѾ˰
ϤӺȴ˶Ʋס Ĭ


335 Ĭع飬ת1
м˻شӶɽ߳һĨЦݣڴĿ֮»߽
Ĭ
ϫŨŨľȺͻĻϲһҲ˼˱˵Ŀ⣬סĬļ򣬾ͺǵһʧһ
ĬĬ磬Ļˣ̫ˣˣ
ܵϫļĬһᣬǼˡŮļĿᣬԲһˣǵˡ
ϹݺݵģһˣȻǜϫһڿĬʱֱӳǰȥסԼǰһĬûˣ
ϫһ˼ĴĬĻ˳ϹҲһ¶Էؿڣ֮ķʽӭĬع顣
ߺߣҾ˵ˣϴһƽģ̫ˣӮЦݣ߹ϴģ
һڱǶĬŨŨΡ
׿һվھĬԶĵطĬ֮ҲŲˡȻûʲôǜϫܲ˵سȥȥοһĬֻվԭأĬһжúõģƽõĽ
Ҫ˵Ϊ˵ľ೤ˣԭĬαɣ˾ȻúõĳˡĬƺʲôѾ˳˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥҲû˻ע⵽Ĵڡ
ǺǣͻˣĬٵˣǻǼĳɼɡ೤ĿģҪĬǰ֤ԼǱǿ
ȻĬƽõĽﻹƽ顣
ܹеƽѾʼĬбˣȻҶˣĬһռ˶ѫ¡
ҵעĬϣҪ֪Ĭһģ֮ǰĬѾҴ̫ľϲ˵Ĭʱ򣬾Ѿܵ뵽漣ˡ
Ϲǳ˳飬ǻ浱ĬһֻЩ
Ĭ֮ǰȥѰôŻҵˣ
Ĭ΢΢ͷɲΪֻܲŻô飬һж˳ȻףϹ⣬Ϊ˻Ȼ˵ԼҲֻһöѫµΡ
ŶŶԭĬȥѰˣ׿һ׿Ĭ֮һ˫Ӿͺһӱһһ׵УĬǸˣʲô׼ҩ𣿡
Ĭ΢΢ͷ鲻ţҵˣλȥԺʦˡʦ˵ĵȻҩˡ
೤Ʋһǣ˵ô죬ҪԼûеõѫµˡ֮ǰͰĬͷżУ֮ǰע⵽ĬûرȥѰѫ£ϵѫĿԲܳԼ
һˣȻĬˣҲҪĥĥߴߴˣڶɽѾʱ乻ˣǿһɡ˭ֻ֪᲻ͻȻ³
೤⻰һҲҵע⣬֮ǰԶԶؿŶᱻݺݵŵڴǰҪ˸Ľࡣ
ԣ೤˵Ķԣǻǿ˽Ҷȥ
ܹ΢΢ͷ೤Ҳһ׵飬ζɽϷ䣬ҲҪȥѧԺ
ãҾˣһ೤ڶ
ܹ˵꣬Ҳ֪˭ڣܹµĻܹ£ǺһˣʦֶˣôܲͳصѫĿ
ôһ˵ҲǷӦĬĳɼûͳơ
֮ǰȻĬȥѰҩȥˣҲǱʾĬûеõѫˡ
ʵ֮ǰĬҵӡ̫ڱ뺷֮ǰĬѾʾԼûȥռѫ£ǻһ˾ĬⲻǫĻпѾռ˲ѫ¡
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣûռʲôѫ¡
ע⵽ĬϵĲȻ೤Խܿ϶Ĭο϶ûܵöѫ£ԻǱĵһ
ǺǣǰĬͲҪǫˣ㵽ǵõ˼öѫ£óǴҿɡ೤˵ҪĬ
Ĭ΢΢üĿ䵽೤ϣǹԼġ
˭ĮĬʶ೤
Ĭ㣡೤кݺݵرһĬͷҪȥܵĶ󣬿ǵͷĬȴ˭֪
Ĭ磬һûҵģǲϫһȫ೤С
ǿ೤ԱģȻĬһ֣ͳͳˣû˻ĬĶ֡ڿɿˡ
೤᲻לϫ뿴ĬôǺǣ೤һֱĽ㡣ҧгݵģ˵Ļôһŷ


336 Ĭع飬ת2
Ĭ΢΢ͷȻȻ˼˵ĽԼĻȻҲɵȥţ㲻úŬиõĽվڳ˵̣ǰ೤ɺˡ
ϫ붼ɱĬ޹ģЦˣȻĸ߰ǿ೤һͨ죬Ѫͷƫƫûа취ӾҪЦˡ
೤ݺݵս˫ȭԼҪ侲ĬҲûʲô˲ģҪ֮ݺݵһƴȥһתúãҼסˣʦôһĵһǿõѫóǴһ￴ɡ
Ϭһ˲˲ضĬ೤Ĭôһ󶥸ñӣȻĬ˵Լûеõöѫ£ǾҪ˾òˡ
ĬеҹûжԼ׵õ˶öѫжִţܲܵõһѾôҪڶɽõĳɹѾ㹻ˡ
ɽ
Ļû˵꣬СĬǰ棬˵Ĭ磬˵ѫ𣡡˵ŻĬϵѫ£ѫϦԵøҫ۶Ŀɵñ˵ע⡣
ĬҲɱһ£һĨɣܿصصͷԣѫ¡
СһӳĬܹѻŵһѫͳͳĬǰĵϡСŮ΢΢ź촽Ĭ磬ԼĶҰæţڻ㡣
Ĭл⣬֪Сʲôʱ뿪Լȥռôѫ¡ƺǻĬǰΡ
΢΢ԭѫţҶˡ
Ϲһ飬ղŵѾˣĬԼҪȥռѫµ飬ЦЦȴǰĬȥռѫ£ֱ̫ˡĬʲôʱЦЦҲһɽģûз֡
Ĭ㲻ѽһ춼ռôѫ£˵ǷֿΪ͵͵ȥռѫȥİɡϹǰһĬļ棬΢һĨаȵЦݡ
Щѫºֻܶ˳·ռ˼öˡĬ˼صͷǵβμѧкüٸ˰ɣô˵ѫµмöһСóѫݣ㶼ʮöӣ˵಻࣬˵Ҳ١
˲ģ೤Ҫɱ˵鶼ˡ
޲úݺݵ˦ԼһƣղĬ˵Ĭľѫµ飬Ҳᱻ
ͲĬϵѫĿ϶೤öˣôȻɽĵһҲĬĪˡ
ϫһкչ¶ԼĬĳݺͰĽ֮顣ܻչ¶Լһһ棬㹻𺳡
ɼӦһˡ
ܹµȻҲվĬһߣڵȻҲ˽Ѿǰ
ã˴ĳɼһĬڶ೤ҢڡˣĽȵȥ֮ѧԺͬ䷢һ㾫֮һѧԺ
ܹľˡ
ȻǼһϲǳģܵ˵ܹ˳ȹһأھ˵ֵף顣ʣµЩ˵ģȻҲĬǹעˡ
Ĭ㲻ѽȻôһ֣ϹֹסĬļһõģȻ˵ľĬȻСæռѫµ顣
Ҿ˵ˣǼϴģûղ೤һԱı飬ʵ̫Цˣ
ϫŮӣĵĻĬ
´һĬƵĿĬЩ˼ˣϫôʲôҺܺãİɡ
ţûжˣĬ磬֮ǰɽ־˺;򶷣ҺϹΪ㲻Ҫ˳ȥĬܺúõվǰǸ²ȻҲǲܵˡ
ǻˣȻҡĬܹȥ⣬˳һˣǶ˰ɡúϢһ£ȥ֮úףһ¡
ϹĬû˵ʵ
Ը˵۵ɫӡǣϹҲ׷Ųţ˵ҲУĬȥ׷һҲˣϢɡǸġ
ɫСڡ
ĬԼһһһᵹҲ㹻˽˵Ŀռ䡣
һҲҺ֮ǰϹûȥȻĬһʱҲ֪ҪôӦźˡƭǼΣȥ
ˣ㵣Щʲô㲻ϾͺˡС²ģҵλˮĿŴӶɽ֮ûҪ뿪˼ĺİ
ĬǺ֪СŮɿʼڴȵİҹ֮󣬿Ĭһ˻ʲô飬һܾʡ
˵İҹ뿪Ѿжʱˣ˵ҲӦÿ˰ɡ


337 Ĭع飬ת3
Ĭ΢΢ͷƺҲֻһ취ˣͻȻʲôĿ䵽СϣˣЦЦǴŪôѫ£Һ񲻼ǵ뿪ߵӡ
֮ǰĬõű˵⣬ھֻǼȻֱ˵еɻ
С΢΢ҡͷɲҵĹͣʰҰɡΪѫµ飬СԾ̬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ңĬתͷѾһӴССϵİңһ飬ﻹоϡ
һֻ˼ηľΪ壬ȴӣĬŶЩΪ֮ǰݵľϧˡ
ĬĻ̽ԴһС㻰أشǲҪСүŪ㣡һԵĻСӣһתͷĬʱ򣬵ֱȵģˣ㿴˵ĶԲԣ
Ĵ۾ĬͺǵȴŴ˿佱СһĬﻹֵġòײſƿǣĬȻ˼ۣԼܺӾܺӰɡ
ˣ
Ĭ˵ôΥĵĻĺ𣡺İ˵ֻǿĬ۵װηӿԭĬϲ·
źߣ߻ģʵҲͦģλˡСǼеϴĬ᲻ùܽܺӣСȴеΡ
СҲͷ˵СĻţϴ˵öԣÿС˵Ż˵㰽һͺ˳ëһ
ʵҲˣڵʵѾС˺ܶࡣڵһֻʱ˭ҲŶԷֱĬڻǵõҷǳڵƿ֮󣬷ΪСĻ
֮ǰСŷйذɡ
أϴҺܹԵġ˵һ䣬С겻ͬĿ⣬ǲ鲻ԸĴСԴԺ󶼲۸˾ǡ
ҶҪжؿˣܱ˵̣Сң˺սķСԸ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣ֮ǰôûзƨı£˵㶼Ҫˡ
ˣҪлл㣬ЩѫŪġԹȻһ춼ðˡ
ĬʻҶ˼ĺҲҺڻӵģ˿
ٺ٣СȽϲռһЩĶокܶĶ˳ǣˡ

һδ˴ҶĻ룬⻹Ǵޱȵľ𣬾Ȼ˳ǣ飡
ĬӲɫһ飬ʲô
ϴˣұ֤Ժ󶼲ˣԭ¡ʹıԽˡ
ҡҡͷĬǸܵһҳĲףţԺ˳ǣͲҪˣ˵ЩԱ˵ҪһѹġȻǲ֮ƣȻԣ
Ĭ¶һĨЦݣĵЦһǻģðײðֲѧظǺǣҪѧͨ
Ǻǡ
İЦˣĬԽ
ϲˣǹִѼˣЦһֻСģĬ͸˶ˡ
Ȼʲôˣͻʲô޳衣
İĬˣĿ䵽İϣٺ٣˵İ㵽ʲôʱȥҫѵûˣžǸ˵Ľࡣ
ĬУİκһ¶ĵﻹûĽܺİ֮ǾҪѧԺˣ´һ˻ȥ̫Ĳˡ
ҪİһǿԼһģָĿĬʯм¶һĨɣĬһ飬ΪԼʼĳҪһ
һݺݵҡͷ˦иֲ׵뷨һЦܿİĿ⣬İôʲô֪Һ˧ңҲ᲻˼ġ
İ۵׻һĨЦ⣬Ȼһװ취áԽƵĿⶢĬ۾ݶԷӱܡ
ںİ𣬡ҪˣھҪһȥˣһɣ䵽ĬУ羪һը
˲λݺݵص˺İһۣʲôҪ㣡ù𣡡һϺİ⣬ƺıĬ˵һ˼֡
Ĭ类˪ӣĻô˵ˣ㡭
СŮ΢΢ǺСղѡ
Ĭ֪ӵж๴ˣİһô뿪СŮˣ
һĨǳǳĻȣϵ鿴ȥǱ۸˵ҸŮһûùɣһģĬҪˡ


338 ˭Ҫˣ1
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣ˵ܼһ޲ֱӳȥһкһ£ʵĬҲôˡ
ϵҲû֣ ˵һºİļϵ㹻úİоʹˣҲ˺İ
Ǻǣǰһûù֮ǰǵȻҪȼһأһûÿʼþͻ˾ͲˣĬһĨаЦİ
İŲĬǰҪסĬļ򣬲ĬӦ죬˷úİôץס˳һ㿪˺İĿ
İҲ⣬Ȼʲô鶼ûзһջظ첲΢΢ôĬѾˣҿ⣬Ҷ㡣ɣ׼ˣ
໣Ա߼СһﶼƲסطһͺ𣬼ֱ̫ˣһܴĺϷ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣİҲǹˣˡ
ǺǣأҪһһ£ĬоԼһǺǼһʱˣԼƤҲʼˡˣҪϢˣҶ°ɡ
İһ΢΢˱ˣȴĵҶˣѵĲҪ𣡡һáָǼ˶ޱ
ã
ĬҪôˣ
ϫϹ˼ǲԼͬĬһڶɽ벻Ȼ
Ĭ˵˭ֵ֮ʲôϵ
ϫɫԽѿкܶͻȻúһĽͣĬôŮϲ˭ûкģѵϲˡǸ˾ĬϲˣôţϫԼû⡣
絶ʣԭΪԼĽĬϲԼѾÜϫѹˡ֪ĬȻϲ֮ԽΣûȥĬҪ
ϹһҲϹʲô˼ϫ뷴ǽܲվˡ
Ů˴Ҵ뿪ıӰϹ°עŵĬߣлһĨİâ
ĬȻϲˣ
ս˫ȭ֪֮ϹоȻһĨĪϲԺвܿƵظֳĬ֮ǰΪѱ˵׷ŮװģһҲ
ղŜϫһ𣬲ûѹĬȻҲע⵽ˣ΢΢һ㶣ˡݺݵصһۺİ˾ǹģ
İʵĬ֮ϣղ˿ߣ϶һʱѾоˣȴǲѣյĬ˵ôĻ
㣡
Ĭɱ˵˼ˣҲҺֻǜϫϹˣʲôˣȻûˡ
İ˱ˣĬĲˬʱҲѧԣ˺һپ
ĬΣ˵񣬲һﻹܿʲôϫӰΣˣǽɡ
ĿҲûʲôãϾϲˣֻϲĶǸһİҹˡ
ĬӦϹӺĬĬΪʲôĲԼܵĶϹ𷢳ܿ췢֣ϹһջϵĹơ
Ϲ»ĬӦһѽĬߣסǰСǰȥṦʩչϹֽýݣͺһһҹɫиûע⵽Ϲ
ĬϹڻҲ
ĿסϹϣüĺݺݵϹ𲻻ᱻղеĻɼˣһǷˡ
ĬҲΣԼһҲٴ̼ϹˣȻ˶ҶҪ֪ϲˡ
˽ݲؽĬߣͱˡ
ǵ˶ɽɽߣԴӶɽ֮һỹûʲô˸ߡ
ϹĬҲǾˡ
ɿĬĸ첲ͻȻ˵ĻϹ𷴶ȻʧĸоԵĻſĬ
ĬʶһϹôʲô˵ģʲôֱ˵ɡ
ֱʱĬҪӱܡ
ϹץסĬĸ첲ԷӱܵĻᣬϲˣǸġϹ˶٣üһԵġ֣˼ԼӦһݺİ
ĬǺİˣ˵ϹҪôʣǳҪϸˡ
ǺǣĲĬʶؾס½ǣΪѡ


339 ˭Ҫˣ2
Ĭ˵ʲôϹ𶼲ţǾĬӱܽƱˣϹ΢΢ҵĬֲҶĻ׳棬ô֪ʲô
ĬҲˣգЩԱͷˣ̯̯֣ˣ˵ʲô㶼ˣǿһ飬Һ˵ĹϵǺף
Ĭ棬ڻôʵźİ֣ѾİҹôõˣﻹҪİˣһĬǺ֪İҹˡ
뷨ˣĬѾ󣬵ȵİҹʱ򣬷Լʱ䶼һЩʲôˣ˻ôʰ
ϹһĬӣ뵽ĸˣڶվǰǶһӡ
ϹվôʲôҷҲŹһˣ
ĬѾʼԱˣ˶ôˣҲٱֵһ㣬԰˶ˡȻô˵ģĬǲϰߺ˿ģͺ֮ʲôɸ˵һһ
Ĭ⻰Ϲ𷴶Цˡ
ǺǣҪңš
ĬһͻȻϹɱǱȺİҪĶˣһðɣһˡ
ϹǲˣҲңңҲ㣬ڴҵģҵġ
Ĭ֪⻰һϹвˬ
ղǸ˾˵ĬģǵϹڴҵģѵϹҵĴӣȻһ֪ǴðҰ˶Ȳ
Ǻǣڴҵģ㲻ң
ְĬĶĬһ䣬һˣҪվˣҪؼң
ǺǣϹлú˵Ҫ֣㲻Ҫң
ĬѾϹŵˣһԲϣ͵Լ·ϹǳԴҩ
ӣҿϹĬһСǵúģϹ㲻ҪҶ㶯֣ôҲһŮӣȻĬһֱװܶʱֱӰԼˣǹﻹ֪Ůܲ塣
ҪǣĺİûнĬûȥһˣһ鷳
źߣҵǺڴҶ֣ôҶ֣
ӵϹĬûмģɾϹ⻹ġѵϣԼôֲɣ
Ϲˣ·һԵʲô鶼ûйĬѵһࡣ
Ĭ̬Ǵ̼Ϲ𣬡ѵҾͲԣΪʲôҾͲУǸ˾ͿˣܸʲôҲԸ㣡
Ҳ֪ϹôݺݵؽסĬĸ첲ѲĬ㵹Ǹ˵
찡Ҫ˵ʲôĬԿһʹоԼϹˣ˵ʲôһˡ
Ǻǣ𣡡ϹоԼѾˣǱĬƷˡ
ԭ֪УȻϲĬǸ˰ȻϲһˣϹ𶼲֪ҪôԼĸ飬ǿѹеֻǺദš
֪ĬҲϲ֮Ϲ𳹵ױˡ
Ĭϲˣ
ϹǶôԼϲĬˡ
ϲ㣡㲻˵ҪΪʲôǸҰ˿ԣҾͲˣϹĬ˵⻰֮󣬷һɡ
ڰĵصͳͳйڲñһɡ
ԳһЦҲҷ˰ɣҾȻϲ㣡ϲһˣ
ĬѾϹɵˣĲ֪ϹȻ˼ϲԼ
ϲң
ˣĬɵؿϹѾزˣǺεºܣһ
֪Ĭ¶ı飬ϹĬǰѣû˼ƫƫȻ˼
ͷǣϲ㣬ڳˣܾǲǣϲĺѽܣ㲻ҲϲˣѵͲˣ
ĬıϹˣһΪʲôͿԣҾͲԵģôСò˵ĹذԱˡ
ݺݵüģĬһʱ֮Ҳ֪ҪôϹ׮顣Ϲ侲һ㣬ôϲأôϲңҿһ˰ĬҪ˵ԼǸˡ
Ϲ̯֣ϲϲˣôԭ򣬿ұϲˣþˡ
ϲˣ
ĬһɣûãϹϲˣһŮˣϹ𲻻ϲԼˡ
Ϲ㲻Ҫʵǡ
Ĭ˵꣬Ϲһ㶼ĬĻˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ㵽ҪҪң


340 ˭Ҫˣ3
ϹִŵģĬȫԷˣͱ˵ĿΪҪһ𰸣ҪҪ
벻ϹоȻôܵһ棬ɰˣ
ĬЦˣۡϹ㲻Ҫô͸ŨŨΡ
ǱˣĬֱһư˸˶ȥͺãϹ𰡣Ժ̫ദʱ⣬ͷ̧ͷģһʱ㲻һ
Ϲΰ˾ǺĬˣĬ֮һ飬㵽ҪҪң
߿˭ҪˣĬҲǱϹʷˣܺӾӦñݺݵشһ٣ϹϢأ
ȻĬ֪һشϹ˵һôĴǲͰ⺢Ū˥ˡһͺһҪλãݺݵظһһѪ졣
ϹڱǰȴֳܱƵĿһĬѾôԸʶˣȴĬһ񣬴˾֪Ҫˡ
ɿסĬĸ첲ֹţӵϼԼղѵ·ʲô鶼ûзһƽģĬУȴǸӸо֡
Ĭ˫Ϲû°ɡ⺢Ӳᱻ̼ʧ˰ɣĻʹˡ
ܵĬĹģϹ΢һ㣬֤ĬвȫȻûԼ벻ȻһҪ򵥵ľԼÿ
ҡͷǺǣʲô飬أǺ㿪Цˡ΢΢סĬļ򣬺ƽʱʱһģһĬϲˣҶʼˣ⵽ôС
ϹҲҪ֪Լôˡ
ĬɵؿһϹһǻָˣ㶼ҪԼǲɵˣղֻϹڶԼ棿
Ϲȷûʲôϵ⣬˵ѰʲôģҸѰܲΣĬԼһҩʦϹģȻӲܡ
ƿĬĸ첲ϹҪ˾Ĭˣ߿Ҳ˵вһƬ䵽Ĭоͱвˡ
вŻῴĬ
Ϲ³־ģĬҲһˣžôãӦò¡ˣϹԺҪҿЦŵġˣҺĹϵǹջᡣ
֪ΪʲôԲýô࣬Ĭѡһ¡
ϹƲƲһĲš
Ĭһ̾㲻ҪˣǾͨѣ֮ǰڶɽþһѡ
Ϲûһ𣡡вһĨڴʵֻҪĬ˵ͻţϾûк˵ѵıҪ
ǵȻһôʣĬݺݵصͷһϹ𣬡СҲҪˣúҸŮ˶ãӺðȥָжȴҪˡ
ΪϹȡȥˡ
ϹǴˣĬΪǷ棬˾Ĭп϶˷
һһƿĬĸ첲Զһ㣬һϲŮ˵ģһںӾͲҪôˡһģ
ĺðɣĬӣҲ޹ĺðɡðɣ߾ˣСүͷ˯ȥˡ˸Ƿƺˡ
üͷڿɿˣϹղӦǹЦģе밡ˡ
Ϲвʣһ綼ˣɽ涼ʲôˣǸ;սɣĬ˵ˣͱĬɻˡ
ĬĽ˽ôԶϹֵó
ҲתǿǾҲҪǰȥֲԼ̫ˡңϹҲ̫߿ˣʱ׽ܣʱȥƾ
ĬģϹһͣѵĲĬ
ĬĻǸ˭
Ĳ㣡ϹǲĬ⻰ƺҲɵɡ
ĬصصͷĲңûʵսƽҹĻӦû⡣뵽ĳߴˣˡˣʱ䲻ˣȻЦЦõˣȻȥ
˵磬ĬĵϹʳʲô
ֱҲĳ˵ӰϹ̾ϢһĬҸô찡˲Լؿڣɬɬĸо
ڰϹҲû뵽ȻῴԼôȴ˵ģĪϹϲǸ˲ɣǸ˰


341 ҩϵ
ޱ
ĬһصѧԺֱӳҩϵޱȥ
ʦһˣ
ҩĿ䵽Ĭϣ΢΢ͷţ˾ͺáжܲϣֻҪĬúõľͰˡ
ĬһѷܵóʦͽУܸˣ
ܣܣ
ҩŨŨľȣԭжѾϣĬȻİܸˣʶӹӣϸشСһͨɫܣ滹мֱϢ
ⲻʲô
ܣܣĬҵˣҩϼ˫ֿƲסزĬ̫ˣ
ͽӦõģʦƱ¶ʱܲĬԱ߹ۿһѵõĻᣬĬ
ʵĬһ㣬ҩҲ˵⻰
ͷȻƱ¶ʱΪʦҪƻ򡣡ҩдſĬ˼Ʊ¶裬Ǻܶ൤ҩʦһӶӴĻᡣ
лʦЯĬһϲҩϸԼĻᡣ
ҩõĬΪƱ¶裬ҩר˶꣬ȻѾ׼ҩԸĬѵƽĬȻҲҪĬո뵤ҩơ
ԭĬȫ̹Ħҩ֮кܴİȻĦԼ֮ĸȫͬ
ʦͽֺ֮˵ЩĬոѧԺӦû䷢ȥúϢһ£㾫ʮ֮󣬱չ
ҩѾȲˣԽʱ򣬸Ҫ㾫
ãͽˡ
Ĭ뿪ҩаٸнԼҲתҩ¯ĺɽȥ磬޲ÿԲϳȥд˿̵ļ
ɽĴһɱѩĸоҩȴ˿Ϊֱسȥİǰͣޱȣ۵˸ѾٵĳˣڿŮˣȴɿ޳һӡ
ҪᴥŮ毺õգһ֣ԼŮ˵ĸ߽һĨȥϵˮ££֪а취ˣôȥˣ㻹ԭģŮˣҶѾˡ
ҩȴǲɿʼģȵѹ᲻ᱻԼģŵ
ֺܿݺݵҡͷЩڵµУĻǸ˰ɡ
ҩϵ֮ƣ˱ϵŮˣ˶öõѾȥֻҪҩһ˾С͵һ͵ʱŮˣҲȲ˵ϵˡ
ʮǰҩһ츳ĵҩʦȴҲûƻ裬ûа취ŮϵƺͶҩ
ҩģİŮһڵһ֮󣬰Ů˷ڰϷӡԻŮ϶ԵӣҲ𽥿
Ȼҩû뵽ǣҪƳȵ£ǻҲôģʱһչȥŮ𽥺תֻвڵĶҩǱʵӰµӰ
ҩΪѵĲǻ裬ǵµڰɵʱˣѾӰѣȻûа취⿪ŮڵķӡҪ¶С
ҩ֮ǰܳɹƻ裬֮ǰĬߵʱĵҩǻ裬Ǳ¶ֱŴչ˲ϡ
£Բٶ̫ˣ㰡
ЩҩжԵΣǱ·϶ĵҩʦԼȴȲϲŮˡ
ҩûȥ£ֻԼҪҪֲµʱ򣬲Ż͵͵ŮһۣϼȥĶ
Ů˰һأͺһһȴȱĻȻҩ˵ȴҸ顣
£һ۶ʮȥˣһܹСҹɣģСҹúܺãʵҲȵ֪ͨС㣡ҩ߶߶غŮ˵⻰¶Էûһ㷴ӦҲȻ⡣
ص̾Ϣһʵ֮Ҫɡ
㲻ùģҲܺãԼȥɣͲ˵ˡҩ̫ΣԼһŮ˱ף˵ô׷ĳɹŮѾӣǸˡ
лһĨգѾ˵ôõŮˣǻ̰ĲȥŮˣźõ±ƣжˣ
ֱڣҩûа취ǵҵģ絶СʦþȻģ


342 ʺΣ1
֪ĬѾƽصѧԺѩһ͵ȵԺſӭĬһԾĬĻعڴѩ΢΢һԱˣԼûз֣ڲ֪ѾĬ򶯣гĬĴڡ
ò˵ĬϾصħǿΪ˴ԾоͻᱻĬȾˣ֮
˵ѧԺҸոѾѧѾ½½ˣôĬʼżˣһССȥɣ
ô˵һҲһʯͷҡҡͷģ蹫ʵЩʵȲ˶ƽˣȴûС
İҹǼھǱĬȴûһٶعϣһԼԲİҹԲסĬ
ѩҲšüģһ˵ʲôأ蹫Ӳµģǿⲻǻˣ
Ĭ֮ǰСǲõԼСһԸޱ棬ҲҪĬһȥ
ѩһþòûʲô춯
ĬջһʱĵıǾǵĿڶɽ߶֣ܾھӦҲ᲼ҦǶѾԼһ򾡣Ҳöˡ
ƲƲǣ֮ǰΪǻȽղǶɽǱ߾һƽ٣Ӱ˶Ĵڡ
ţʲô飬㣬ڶɽˣĬѽƽƳһĬкܹĶԷ˵ڵĻͱζ
һɺݺݵšüģ˵ԵΪҲΡ蹫ӣ˼
һ꣬Ĭҡҡ֣Ҷףң
Ĭһ˼ҲŤȷǲӦúúĬ˵ǸղԼ˵⻰֮ԼЩˣҲҺĬ֪ĺġԻҪ˵Щʲô򱡴ѡ졣
Ҳûйأǻģʵ뷨Ʊȵ컹ѡ
Ĭǹ˹ƽϣǱŤĺһ
û⣬ڲǳ޹ǣˣѾˣҹƻɢһЩ£һ򾡡ĬһһҪһЩЩ齻ȽϷġ
һĿһƺԶûı飬ͷǣѾ鵽һũׯǺпܾǱǱߡ
ȻȽϿףٷġ
Ĭĵͷɵòѩĺ߽ԺҲҪúϢһˣͻȻĬһתĿ䵽һϣĬôţһЩ֡
һƽʱԶЦЦһֱŸۣʵûͦ˧İЦЦȻŮϲ
Ĭôһ仰ҲʲôӦһ߻Լķ䡣
һ˶סˣһֱһѿ
ѾشЦѧĬģһⶼѾЦĬ⻰˵ĲһԶЦЦŮϲ
벻ĬôȤʱͷҶҪϲĬˡ
һݺݵصһĳļһ蹫ģ롣
һģԽЦ㣬ȻһһЦ𡣡ⲻǿЦһ̫ˣ
ѩĬĺȥ΢΢ǵжûôˡ
ӣԺһжãԴߺλ׮ʦһţҵ㡣˵ѩӺżóĬ
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ĬȥҲһСʱ䣬Ժȴһ仯ûУѩչ˵ĺܺãϢ
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׮ƺ׮ֵȻֱӴĻ׮ˣߵʱæĬȥμǵȲĬԲżֱˡ
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ʲôҪ鷢ûҪ£ȫҪôż뿪׮Ϊѱȫ׼Ÿʤ㡣
ѩ֮ǰڷ绪¥ڻӰϢռһ֣ȻЩ鶼Ӳѩƿء
ĿĬĽ
ĬѯʣѩԲʲôҲ֪˵ļ飬ڽ飬ӦǽʺأʷʾѰҽλʺ󡣡˵ѩһǹһĨǺǣŽʻͦģʵȻ


343 ʺΣ2
ĬĿһĨ棬벻ӰռѾôȫʼЩ˽ܵ鶼ָƲɣ
дһĨζŶҪӺ˵𣡡
ĬȤѩҲ˶ȫԼӰռϢĬѾΥ˹涨
СŮս˫ȭߡ
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ĬȤؿѩǿѩϿȥͺǶʲô鶼ϵˣȴôġ
ѩ벻ôĽ顣
İҹӰиռϢְ𣬲´Сô࣬ӰȻҲܰе鶼ôѩԽָ֮ƣ˵ôûԭ
Ĭ˼Ŀ⣬ѩһ䣬šüģҪҪԼĬ
ˣֲǹΪ㣬ÿ˶ԼܣѩҲˣȥϢһ°ɡĬѩļҲҪĽչ
ĬľٶѩУһĬ
蹫ӣһ£ʵѩһ֪蹫ӿʱ䣬ѩ£ѩǾԭίͳͳĬĬΪˡ
ĬһҪˡ
΢΢ͷᣬñӸոջеʱ䡣
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ŮŽСһ𳤴˸ǲֱ˴˵ĺýáСϲˣ˳޸˶ԷŮȴݺ뿪˽
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ĬĿ䵽ѩϣ˵ѩǱˣôŮԽʲô飬𣡡
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ѩصҡͷ뿪Ⱳڵ飬
Ůˣһ׽ˣ֮ʲô޵ĵطŮֻǺڣԼôܹô嶯£ñ˿ӡ
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ѩ΢΢һ㶣û˵ԼǸŮӣĬѾµˡ
޹۾ģŵˮĿǲңĻǵҡЩ꣬ѩҲ˲ٿ࣬Եɺ֮¼ӰΪռϢˣǱڷ绪¥С
ѩкܶλᣬ뿪绪¥һֱû뿪ҪӰõµϢ֮⣬ʱǶα¥Ļ޷ͻ
ʱѩҪľ˵Ĺصصͷԣǵѩôãôò㣡ǲ㣬ҪĻ㻹ңӿ᲻ѩˡ
鹫ӣĬĿ⣬֪ڰοԼһѩҲƲסĸоɸоԼǱĬסˡ
¶һЦݣ蹫ӣ֪ѩЦҪңǼҪңİҹĬ˼˵ġ
Ĭһң
д򶨾ģȵ֮ҲӦȥһˡĿ⿴ڵգЩģҲ֪׮ֵΡ


344 ѧԺǰ£1
䳡
ѾԲмһЩСҲȫӰĽ
ԺλѧԺĹͳͳŴôڴǰҩζμˡȻҩȻΪѧԺҪԵʣĬģԼСͽýôҩϡ
ϫһ࣬ûʽĬȴѾ֪Ӷ˵ĿĬֱ֣һĬɴ󱦱ˡ
ҩ΢һ㡣ϫ΢΢鴤ҩǵЦݣ浣ЦŲ̫
һͽŪ˺ûеͽһͽܵԶԶҩϣҲҩôġ
ϫԺ⻰˵˵ĿȥˣǿҩһNɪģͺҪȥһ٣ʲô˲ġȻǾԲϣԼǼˣҩϼһȻһӡ
ҩϲŲܱô˾ͺá
һߣҾǸˣǼҹͽãбҲȥĬһͽȥǼˣҲǣˣﰡ첻ҪĬ佱㵹ǿѽ
ʦͽҪҪһ
ϫԺҩûʲô취ֻõͷţⲻҪ佱ǸѧԺǰ
⻰ֱӾͱҩϸˣ˸ûʲôϵ
֪ҩҲͲϫԺɾԼҩԼڸԼ鷳ˣգǿⳡ佱ʽźá
ĿһѧãѾҶúܺãӦΣʱóݵķӦرѧԺЩѧǿԳΪҵѧϰĿģ
ѧԺۣͨѧ轱ҸŬܶȥǰжĽﵱ䲼
ǰһĬڶ೤ڶҢڣ֮ǰڶɽʱѾ˵ԺҲûظεΡ
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ƽʱ˵Ңڣõ˫֮󣬼ĸһ೤ƲƲֹһһѽ𣬸ûмһǶˡ
ҢԼû⣬ǲı˫
ʣ˵вκ¶ȣ೤ʱ򣬾ͺһɱ˻һ೤ƲסһȻҢһľͷŵˡ
ҢڣҪʲôѧԺѵҪֲɣ೤ս˫ȭǿԼ侲ҵô˵֡
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ǰһҢں೤м䣬΢΢ҡͷıȾ˵Ѫ˫
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ĬһҺǳɹҢڣǸӣ೤ֽƽ֮˵˷á
һʱ೤ѾȥȡĽڶһ԰ѧ壬ҲһΪķõúãԽɱˣȻѧԺҲ˴󹤷ˡ
֮ǰҢڵ˫һ֪˲˽ļֵ೤֮һ
ϵЦԵмΣԭΪԼĽʲôöֵľּߣõŹˡ
ǣҸղŻ˵㣬ҵĽҲô೤Ŀ϶ѧԺţ˵ѺöĬˡһ룬Ĭķߺֶ֮˼֣Ĭֵ֮ˡ
೤Ҫ£ҢһԿĬȻһˡ
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һĬԿסϫԺһöԿ׽ĬϣϸһĬдһ˿⡣
ôˣĬҶѵĺӣ˵ԽһʦүүˡĬĸҶѿԺôѧΪһ
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Ĭ㲻ĸ׺񣡡
ĬӹԿף֮ǰĸ˵ǰԺ£ûзϡԺĸףĬһϵҲ˺ܶ࣬ĸҲܶ࣬Ժ


345 ѧԺǰ£2
ҶִҪ뿪ѧԺԼڽϴʵϫԺжвͬ⡣
֪Ҷ뿪ѧԺɣҪĲΪҪȥΪһˣҶ𣬾Ժ͸Ǹ˵ʵϫԺҪֹҶѣͽúÿȻҶѾ뿪ѧԺ
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ǳҶȻȻس˳ˡҶѾͺǰʦŶһǳ׻ӣûк͜ϫԺϵҲԺĵģҲٹעҶѵ顣
ҪǿĬ룬ϫԺܻⱲӶʶȥעҶѵ
ȻϲģҶԺΪŮѧȻ黹ǲһģĬԺпɡ
Ĭл⣬ͷǣѧ֮ҪԺˡ
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ʵ׼Ʊ¶ĶѾˣҩΰĬйҲҪ顣
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ҩϿĬΪѵģѾµ˴ţĬԿ׵ðɡûʲô˵ģҸǡ
ĬǰһʦָԽ򡣡
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Ĭ֪ĸǲȴûмɵģ˶Ѩж˼ֺ档
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ҩһ֪ԼĻԵ͵͵֪ǻĬϣҪһѡ
ҲֻĬп֮֮ˣĵ·ԽԽԶ
һọֻ́һУʵ̫įˡܹú˷Ų
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Ĭ΢΢Ѿµͽˡ
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ټİҹĬߣҩҲԷĲ١
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ҩĿĬڸ˵ģԺвԼʦкʦദʱ⡣۵ʱ䣬ʦѾӣҲѾΪʦʱҴҲ
Ĭ뿪ޱϾҪչأЩ黹Ҫ紦òС
һ˵Щ˿ǱصũׯȥĬлһĨ壬Ĵ
㱻ĬеȫҪʲôĬΪʲôĬ֮ǰڶɽ˵ȳס
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֪ŮˣɲŮ˵˻ƽҫĬͷһĬȻֲŮ˽͵һ
ҪǶԶʲôɫȻǲܵġ
ĬɵʲôԽύЩҪԶ֮㲻ῴǲǳúÿһŮˣЫĳ㶮޲˿ĬԴǵʲôˡ


346 Ҫˣ1
Ȼ˵ľԼ㻹ܹԷе˼ϵɫҲÿҲ֪ԼôģȻĶĬ֣ĻᣬԸԼ˺ԼҲ˺Ĭ
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ĬŶҡҡ֣ˣ˵ЩҾõģһ㡣
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ҪˣɣĬһԳȥͺѾԼƿ֮һޱȡ
ȻﾹȻû˾Ĭ˵⻰ˡ
Ĭ⣬ɲЩСɡ
һĬ󣬶˵Ҳûл֮ӲĬݡ
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һ̬Ĭʮ⣬һ¶Էļ򣬡һ㿿ס
Ĭ̬ȣɺݺݵس˳ǣߺߣҪõ󣬿ɲô׵飬Ҫ֪滹С
ѻ˵꣬סڣ
һګګסڣصҲЩ黹Ĭ֪ʱ
ټԱ⣬ĬҲѵһ£˵ȥʲôغ飬ĬѾ򶨾ȻҪе鶼Ūˡ
ûʲô治иںŰˣ蹫Ӳ÷ϣ˳ġ
ãȴ·ȥɨβĬתתļ岢򵥡
һڰ˲ԼĬҲǿԼֶȥ
ĬдûҪסӰİҹİҹĬĬκ˵ĸӹĬİҹݲ򵥣ĬȻѡˣͻͬȵʵҡ
˿һڶԷϣʧȥʶΪĬϵġ
ѩһ̾ĬģȻѾ˼ƽϣһǲ˵ĬԼҲȥֻϣȻ֮ĸ鿴ȥܼʵʵȴܱ
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ˡ
Ӱֻİҹĵǲ¾İҼӰӰľοһҡİҹʱǣǱĬİΣһĬİš
ˣǸ˾ͺãҲˡ̯̯֣˵ʲô
Ĭ֪˵ĶԻ˽ȥ

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ϴ˵ô찡ⶼǺüˣҦڻûлǷʲô˰ɣҪҪֱӻ󱨸ϰ
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±һƣ㺰ҵʲôǽҵҲı䲻ûԣ
ȫҶײϴϴ˵ɣô죡
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ڶĶȴǸӴ̶ĸ׶ЩôãȴصףݺݵȭҲȥֱ߿ţ˽ȥ
ЩСˣԵҸ𣡡
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ŸŶ˽ȥһҲˣǶһ֮Ϳ԰Ǹ㶨
Ȼû뵽ôƫƧĵطȻᱻ˸ҵ벻ǣӭŭŮ˿ɲǶ㣬
٣ôղŻһŵϴڿ͸èһ˳һš


347 Ҫˣ2
ҲǱ⼸˸ˣΪʲôҲô֪Ǳ˸ףҾҪǼ࣡
ս㲻ԥ˪ԷѾɵˣ֪ġ
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ĬһѾŵˣСһôǸؼ
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ǮҲסˣԼȻסһСʶϵԴݺݵһȻķŹˡ
ллλִԣǮǸˣȻҲúղŲĬʱ˵һס֣Ѿһ̹ˡ
ô벻иٸȻһƴӣ⣬˲ǽǡ
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Ǯ鶼ˣƵؿĬګګ˵ҪСĴʲô
˵ǸʲôҦɣǲ֡ĬҲǲþ֣϶صͷ֣Ҧ塣
Ĭ΢΢ͷҼԻŶҦ壬ȥɽ˶ˡǴϣںúõдȻһľӣ
ǳвҪ֪ϿɾҦһӣǰһ۰ģһˣ֪ҦҪȥԸ㣬ǰѴҦҦİΣ£Ҧ徹ȻǱ˸ץˡ
ĿҦͱһĬȴ˵Ҧ廹ŵϢΪסϡ
ò˵Ϊ˱֤ҦİȫʱҲͶʱԻ׵ϱԴ
Ĭвĸ֣
ǮжĬľ֮Ѿﵽ˶壬ͷǣСһѹ⻰һҦ嶼ĬƷˣӲ˵Сˡ
һǮҪлԼ֮ǰûиҦһȥɽȻԼ⼸Ҳһˡ
Ĭصͷã
ֱĬͶ뿪ܾãǮǼܺݺݵػһ
ҿϴղǸ˵ʲôͷȻô˶ɱˣÿ£Ҫѻ𣡡Сĵʵֱ˵᲻ᱻϸ
ƨǮһԸȥԴϣҲٿˣҲ⻰ˡûղŹ˵ʲôСӲҪӻҪأ
һαݺݵһٵСĴͷⲻӲʹ𡣡
㲻ף蹫ӣôţǮǼ˵Ļ֮ǰǼ˵ƷУѾˡ
ᡣҦϣΪİȫһǵĴϣȻҦˣһΡ
ĬѾ˶Բߡ
Ҧ롰šǲԶ֡
⣬ţ蹫ܵ
Ǻǣֻ֮ǰ˵֮ȥȳ㸸ףҿ²ʵˡ֮Ҫչһʱ䣬ȵ˽⣬Ҳܺһ·
Ĭں
һֲͣһСʵĬ˵Ҳûа취ĬֺĬæ˰е鶼Ǻˣ˸жѡ
Էģʱ㸸ײ£ǲӪȳҦ壬ͲҶ㸸׶֡ҲĬų⻰ԭ
᲻Ĭ⣬Ϊףžøж
Ĭ磬İɣ㰲ıչأҵ㣡ʱԵϣĬʱ򣬱õ״̬ùκļơ
ǲʹļƣҲעĬԼ߲һ
˶⣬ĬҲһ
΢΢㲻ҾͺáҲȷαչؾҪöõʱ䣬㱣֤಻ᳬµʱ䣡ʵĬһö¶ò˶ã˵ʱ䡣
ã׵ģĬҲż㣡ĿʹԴ̧ͷĬĬ磬лл㣡жԲ𣡡
֮ǰ˺ܶ飬ҪĬ˵һǸԼô֮Ĭڻܰ
зģԺ󲻹ܷʲô飬վĬߣҪԼ


348 Ʊ¶裨1
պޱҩ®
ҩ׼ĬչصϢһѾųȥˣޱѾ˱չҪĸֶĬһ궼Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ĭ׼𣡡ҩĿ⿴Ĭѵ¶˼Ϊ֣صɫ
Ĭ϶صͷţҶ׼ˣʦʲôʱʼóҩ϶ĳ̶ȣĬҲᵡ
һʡĶµͽܣҩⱲΪ顣Ҫ£ˣĬ꣬Ҫۼֿ졣
Ĭɲ뵽ԼʦһᶼѾ˼תɽȥˡ
Ҫҩģҩʱ򣬼Ϊأͬ⿣ÿһ趼Ҫҩʦ㹻˼ʱȵܴپһöõĵҩҩӵ¡
ҩһ࣬ãһҩġ
ĬҪǸۿѧϰҩҩľ飬ȡ̣ڻûʽʼҩ֮ǰֻҪվԱ߹ۿҩжǡ
Ȼ߽׵ҩʦҩڴҩĵַΪˢˢļӣѾѡƷõҩģηŽҩ¯ˮǿžͬһµʢ硣
𣡡
ҩһ£Ĭ˵ųڵƵҩĬһҲ˳֡ҩ¯һĸоĬĵףһĬͨҩ¯֮ڸҩĵ֪ĬԱõƿʱ䡣
ҩ΢΢ͷĬƻıԶѾ֮ˣ˵Ƭ·Ѿû˻Ĭػ
ԭɫĬȴβ˵ĵֻܶҪӦãаһ֮䡣Ĭھúܺá
벻ҩ϶Ĭ۾Ȼ֮ߡ
ʱݲðƫҩ֣ҲԲκиĵطѾֳҩİ˳һһŽҩ¯УԴٽҩĺҩ֮ںϡ
ò˵ҩϵȴһѾ̫ˣѾеĲ裬ֵͳͳһ飬Ƶҩʱ
¶õҩĶϡУռЩҩľѾҩϲٵʱ䣬Ӳ˵ĬӶɽˣÿһҩĶΪס
ȻҩҲûк׼ÿһҩĶ׼֮࣬ܲ⣬һֻܿα¶衣Ҳ˵һλᣬȻҩжԼҪǣֻɹʧܣ
һҩԼܵѹҲС
мڱȴ˿ԡ
ĬҲܵҩݳصϢڿʱԽģϸϸҩĵϢĬ΢΢˫ۣһ۵ײһĨŨŨľϲȻҩ¯ҩںϵ
ֻһҩںϵһڻ£ڻҩ֭֮һһҩںÿһҩľͺһڿҩĵʱ򣬻Է
ǲԾҩģͻԶˣӴپҩĺҩ֮õںϡ
Ĭ۵׻һĨŨŨľȣ⻹Ƶҩôõһж໳ɣʱҪ滹Լѯҩϡ
գҩϵͺһ˫ֺʮڿнһӡӡϻҩ¯
ǵҩʦеһ׹ζҩѾںϣһѾֵ֭ᵤȻҲΪؼһֻҪ˳յҲζöҩѾɹһ룬ֻҪעĻͲʲô⡣
ҩϽüģһ˲˲ضҩ¯ʱѾ˺ɰڴһ٣ҪɶС
Ĭӻ𣡡
ĬûκγɣӴ˻ȣղŻҩ¯зҪҩ֭£һǰĺһԭŴ˵Ľ̻塣
ƽҩ֮ķҩ¯Ҳָ֮ƽҩ˳ҩ¯洫˳Ǻš
ҩϲɺݺݵһҲҺĬʱһѻ棬Ȼ¯ҩҪˡһᷴҩϵƽҩĻĬƿţ̫ڵġ
ʱ۲ĬػļȻ𣡷ͬһ㣡
ƽʱʱҩԼƵ𶼷ǳףһСľըˣߺܶʱǻȴﲻҩҪ󣬴Ӷ˵ҩƷʣᵤʧܡЩ⵽Ĭȫˡ
ɫȡ֮ѾԼʶȫҪҩʦþƣԼıĴСϢƣص㣬һȥĲõĻ治⡣
ĬΪģ


349 Ʊ¶裨2
ҩ¯ڷҩζԽԽŨζͲ˸оĿǸ߽׵ҩ
ҩҩ¯Ʈɢȥ
ҩվٻⶼѾȥˣ˵ҩϵǼٵġȻԹҩϲԸԼΪͽôദҩϰߣʱ״̬ҩﶼǳ
ǰܶʱ䣬ûô
ƽʱҩϾԲһôãʱ䣬һ㶯ûУкŵҩ洫ҩﶼҪҩǲ⡣
Ҫ֪ƽʱһ¯ҩҲòʱ䣬ȻҲҪųҩըʧܵ
ƽʱǣʱ仹ҩ¯涼ѾҩϱֵرԹһʧˡ
ʲôûУ
ҩҲţҩǳɹˡ
ҩˡ
Ժ
Сԭʹջһ𣬺ԺѾΪأĬڵʱܺһ𣬾Կ벻顣֪ǶĬҪԣټĬԼԺ䣬û˻Сһ
ʲôζ㣡СһڵҩСȫûκεĵֿ˵ҲĬС߻ˣֻҪеĵҩͳͳС곢ʣһСϰߡ
ƷõĵҩȫСһ۾Ϊġ
СƽʱҲ˲ٵҩһǾһˣԵҩȻԣһóԵĺóԵģҪҪҪϴ󣬵磬ȥҺóԵİɣ
ȻǸСһ
ߣȥҺóԵģС굱ȻҲƲסˣϴ
صصͷȻǺϲҩ˵ζͿԲµⵤҩеȻ١ҲֻĵҩŻԵĳɳһˣôһŵЩˡ
ߣǹȥõĻ
һСǿڳҩ¯߳
СѧԺʱˣѧԺĻǼΪġһ߾ֱӵҩϵޱ
ҾǺȥѱˣʦƵĵҩʱǹȥҪŰɡСĴ۾Ͱˡ
Ĭ֮ǰ˵ҪȥҩչأһҲ˵һ¯ʮĵҩм˵Լ˵ãһҪһŵҩҲֱܶ࣬ܲȥʦĵҩɡ
Ψ첻ҵСһҲųһվޱǰ棬һ棬ĬĬĬǻ
Ҫ֪͹¯ҩζ֪ǷƷпܻɹƳ鵤ҩƷԶ߽׵ҩĵҩȻĹעСǼƲסҩӲ˵塣
һ϶һĨأҪ˵Լͬرͳһγ˹۵㡣
ϹԴǴζɽ֮ҲһʱûмĬˡ
߸׼ȷ˵ĬܿϹǡϹֺüѰĬǱɵ˻ȥĬҩϴޱչ黹Ǵӱ˵ġ
ȻĬڱչأ϶ǼԷҲֻޱ濴֪ԷھԼԶĵطͺá
ǼôվϹһһ۾ͼС꣬ǰк
СǼϹӡ
ǵȻվĬˣС곯Ϲһۡ
̻Ҫ׷Լˣʵǲһ㣬ֲ˿ô뻹İҹ˲
ȻСǾԲϣǼİҹߵãһ֮ǰûٴİҹϵõộֶȻҪİҹ˵û
ϹС˱ҲϣǼĬΪ׽ˣرЦЦĬıãȻϵһҲǰС굱һˡ
ĬܻޱչغܾòǼţǻȥϢɡĬչسһһʱˡ
޴ࡣ
ƳһϹϹһ㶼죬ӲʲôɫΪĽҪǵ֪ǰΪǵĬĺѣһһø
Ȼÿԡ
Ϲӣ㱻һֻСޱ
ǰһҪӵϱ𵰵СһĬӶɽ𣡳õͦɰģǰһ㡣
ƳһϹ¶ݣſޣһҶޣǴ޴࣡
ǿɰˣСģϹ൰Դ·

С궼ȥĽʶ˫ۣתĿ⣬Դ˭ġ


350 Ʊ¶裨3
Ȼ
Ϲ𷢳һĵͺʶɿ˱ŵ֣סһצץ˵ʪָ翪ҪȥסȴûκЧ
찡Ҫˣ
Ϲ˫ֵѪһϷѾֻСӳѪצӻգٶȼ죬Ϲ⧲Ӳ뵽ֻС޻ľٶ
Сæ㵽СĻ̲ס棬ϹĿĵĸо
£ѪѪ
΢΢ҡͷһѴСĻС̸˳һװʲôһѪӺɷôܼѨˣԺ˭۸㣬ֱҸղӣһצӹȥͺá
ϹԣһϹûע⵽ֻС޾ȻѾͨ˵ˡ
Ϲôɧˣܽܵľˡ
һʶԼȫѪӱ˵ĽǶϿȥϹѾһѪˣʺɫѪϴ˿ڵĵطȥɷǿֲ
ˣҪˣҪˣ
ϹɻˣվԭתȦȦ֮⣬Ȼ֪ȥֹѪ
޴²һûмôˡ
Сصصͷȷͦɵģʱǲ˵ȻϹ˲ɡ
Ϲʦ֣ôˣ׿һ׶ϹµģҲǱŵˣʶһѪϹ𣿣
Ҫˣô죡
Ϲͺ𣬺仰֮⣬ѾҲ˵ˡ
һͷͶ䣬˲÷öˣ˵ܻܲһ仰˵ѵҪҶ㸺𰡣
ǿˬֽεεˣһצӰˡ
ȻǾԲϣǹ⳯˼ҵȥκҪԼв뷨ˣܷŹ
׿һױǷܹµУޱ֮ǰҩϾѾõĵҩȴ뾹ȻϹʦ֣ȷϹ𲻴
ҲϹ˭ϹҪˣϵʹС£ԳܵסΪҪ⡣ô죬Ҫô졣
ˣԺ͸ӱĬˡ
ҪΪ֪ĬҪжߣǿĬߵĽӴѾ֪ˣһһտء
ò˵С궼÷ˣô찡ϣ֮ûˣұ֤ʲôӡǣ֮ԭϹ֮ǰӺÿкۼҰﵰ㸺ˡ
ȻϴʱҪάԼСܣһѰҩ˦Ϲϡ
ۼֿ죬ϹסС궪ҩۣ׼ԼҩҲ֪뵽ʲôȻͣ
ղ˵ʲôӡӣ㸺𣡡
ԣҸˣ
һϹ𷴵ǲżˣôѪͲЩǺǣ࣬ҲҪ㸺Ĭ縺ͺãСĬİɣôҲӦĬЦЦͲòˡ
մѪǿƹһĨЦݣģȥӿֲˡ
вƽô£Ҫթɣ
ϴ㲻ҪңȥթҪ˸ֳɵķôܿϣһھǶࡣ
׿һվм䣬ǰ˭á
ܾԼǺʲôڳңСŮ˴ûѾȫ±Ƶ״̬
Ϲʦ֣ϻѪǿҩ۷ϰɣȻ̾Ͳÿˡ׿һҲֻȰο
ȻϹ˲ҪĬţͿԲĬϹ𶼶ƺˡ
ޱһ㣬˿ӰĬҩ
ŨҩƮɢѾĹͷ
ĬƽʱʱֻҪעŵãŵҩԽӽɣҩԼֹϵ͸ԡ
ͷ߳㺹ˮĬξ߶ȼУȻ˲һСǵͨ죬ȵģȫŲ۾
ʱ򣡡ҩһһ׼õץϣѪ⵶ܵĽţǳɫѪһĨҩϵĿ·ҩ¯֮С
ҪƳɹ¶裬ҪһڵҩƳɹʱȡܵѪڵҩںϣ̶ϴ߻ҩķӣ֮ûܵľѪ߾Ѫ뵤ҩܳɹںϣ¶ЧЧ
ҩϵٶȼ죬ȡѪѾѪͶ¯ⲻ˼ӵʱ䣬ϵԽŨء
ʵҩҲҿ϶Ѫܷ͵ҩںϣ٣ҩ¯ı仯ںϣһȣǿľߴŵҩ;Ѫںϡ
ĬҲһأɢһĨź͵ҩָͨоʵЩҩѾʶǸոճĺӣֻҪǻã
ɹˣ
ĬܵҩָӣŽܵľѪȫںϣ


351 ɣޱ1
ɹˣɹˣҩ˷ܵĴĳɹˣ£ˣˣԾӯˮ˳չϲ
ҩƵҩ֮ˣȻҩ
ֻһޱҩ¯ͷųѤޱȣ¶ҩ¯ԾͨѪ죬滹һĨ
Ĭ࣬ⵤҩͨ˲ɣĬҲѾٵҩ䣬Ϊ֪ŻǰӾȣѾǸ߽׵ҩ鵤߽׵ҩ׼ҩ
ڲ½ϣǵҩʦƳĵҩзƷףӳм߽ףÿһȼԽһǳѵ顣ҩʦͲ߽࣬׵ҩʦ͸ˣ󲿷ֵҩʦǴڳ׻н׵ˮƽڴ½ܹﵽ߽׵ҩʦҲָֻˡ
ҩϾȻܹɹƳ׵ҩôҲ˵ҩϵˮƽѾﵽףԶԶĵҩʦ
ԭһҩʦĸȼĵҩʦǿƳĵҩˮƽڵҩʦ˵ܹƳһö߽׵ҩѾǱ׷׵ҩѾ붼顣Ȼҩˣ
ϲʦɹƳ׵ҩ¶˳ɵĬбŷƵĹâս˫ȭһԼҲҩһ
ҩϺ֪ذƳöҩպãԼĸоУĳɹƳ˱¶裬ףĬܺãܺãܺã
һܺã㹻ֳ˿ҩеļ֮顣ĺβĬԱ߰æƻ棬Ҫ˵ǳɹ׵ҩ¶赽ܲܳɹƶһ⡣
Ĭлż飬ʦҿԿҩ𣡡ڴĿҩϵİƿ
ҩҲǴ󷽣óһƿյװҩƿóһö¶ŽƿװãʣµöһĬ
ΪʦֻҪһŵҩӣʣµľͽɡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣Խмҩϴȣлʦ񰮡ҲƴǣҩҪ¶ˣʣµĵҩã͸Լÿúоһ
ȻΪҪǣĬԶԶܸܵҩԣСǼһϲ
ҩɫһãǿȥ
˵סĬĸ첲ֱӳҩ¯ǰľĬⱲӶǣݺݵһĭ⣬ô£
һֻֻͭһӿǣͺһͻֱӳҰ޵гŨṴ̃Զ֪㡣
Ǹղʱ䣬ԽԽӸطƺָܵһ쳣͡
һѧԺˣһѵÿ澰ŵˡ
ЩɶƽʱҰޣΪ׵һֻ޻ޱǰ棬ҩ¯ķڿҩϺḬ֮̆Ŀʢˡ
ҩһʱ֮Ҳû뵽ԼһöҩȻôľޱ䡣
׵ҩԭЩŵ˵ҩɢԸ綼Ǵɽ˳
ҩһֻǼֻ߽ҲͰˣǷ۹ȥѹѹһƬȫֿסޱ¶ҪЩ޸˲ɡ
ղƵҩûв󣬲ⶼҪַˡ
Ժζˡ
ѧԺޱôѧڣһ޴ĺƽٰ
ϫһأֻ뵽ҩϾȻܹ֮Ƶ׵ҩʦҲǿֵףˡ
ҩͷҲˣǰҶûа취ˡԺ΢΢ҡͷĿ䵽Щϣݺݵšüģһʱ֮䶼֪ҪǺãѾȥѰ֧ԮʱǸϹҲһκЩޡ
Ϲ֮ǰںС죬ֱ֮ӱЩͻȻ˷Ϲ޸ΧˣŵùǺϵʹˣܱסԼСѾˡ
Ŀûз֣Щ޺ڼɵʲô֮ǰֱӴޱᵤҩΪҩûȫƳɹڵҩѾϣǻǲ
Ϲ⻰ôҶ΢΢һ㶣˵Ļе
԰ЩѵηʲôȻҲʱҲ
ϫԺ΢΢ͷüģЩηĵʲô֪ĻܹЩѧԺȥ
ڱϿȥ޻ѧԺˣ˭Ҳұ֤ʲôʱЩҰ޾ͻʧȥġ
Ĭǰߵ֮УЦЦװúܺá˲ĬڿСһʱȻ˲²⣬¾⼸СһסȺҰɡ
ˣһʱĬĻУСúúðɣҪŶ
Ϲ࣬Լǰ߰СһһĬͺȫһģһ㣬ȵþҲҪǰһѡ


352 ɣޱ2
ĬչسѽǵҩѾɹƳ˰ɣϹſֲĬ¶һõЦݣʱǲҲ̶õףһжûУǳֲ
Ĭסʶ˼ؿǰѪˣһüĽ㣬Ϲ𣿣
Ѫͷ԰ϹĬ㲻Ҫ㲻ʶˣǼûм棬Ͳʶˣ
ĬҪԼˣȻܴѪģϻܶϹߵĸ飬Ǻݺݵس˳飬ϹúõôԼģˣеװ磿
ʵϹעԸѾģĬûʵϹⷽ濼ǡ
ϹҪĬ̬ȸˣʲôµװ磬ǱС޸һצӣڶˣĬҪҸ𣡡
Ϲһ㶼ûѹסԼżȫѧԺ棬ĬһĻʵ̫ˡ
찡ҿʲôˣϹڱĬ𣡡
ҿûпϹһʦָҳҲԸˡ
һ˵ʲôأʦ˵ʲôҲİȻŮӱȽʦϲ
ĬˣȻԱЩѧĶԻʮʲôʱԼôܻӭˡֻĺ𣬲ҪĻǽǰȽϺ
ӵؿһϹ𣬡ҪģûмôҪġ㲻ղϴҩۣǹⲻҪΪ˶թ㡣ҴϹС˼顣
ϹѾˣӶûˣҲȥˡ
ҲܣѾˣĬ޳裬ɵĺ£˵ĵȻҪ𣡡Ϲ߸ԴһѪ۵ĬֻҪҵһûãҪҵ
ȻǺܲҪ
Ҳ˵ЩĬƲϹ𣬲ģ䵽ϹУֱӱĬӱΡ
ȥˣĬͶǲ˷۱Ĭʲô˼ôҲ𣡡
Ĭ㶼ҪԼǲǰϹôˣ˶ҲҪ
һϹԶһ㣬ҿſֲ
ȻˣҲҪˣ㲻ҸҲˣھȻң㡭ϹָĬףȻǱʼСŮģ
ÿҸˣ
ĬҲϹûˣҧгݵػصһ֪֪ػ
ϹлһĨϲĳɹˡ
ȻһĬעͲϹϡ
ޱа취𣿡ĬҪСһޱſڣмɵȻһޱѾЩ޸˲ɡ
һЩ޷Уˣ㲻׳𣡶˼
⻰һܺõʾ˵ĶȤζ
С΢΢ҡͷǲǰҪȺ£Ҳһ׵顣Щ޷ǳ֮ǰĬƳ׵ҩ
׵ҩջ̫󣬾СǼȫסҩջӲ˵Щ΢һЩǵˡڲǱܵĸܵвǰΪ鵤һЩԤϵҲ֡
ΪΪʳˡ
ĬȻҲãסЩȺǧǷ˺ѧԺѧȥԺ취
ϹȻǼѹסȺԽĬ˼֡
Ȼͬ죬֪ĬЩޡ
вԸ뿪ĬĬĻվСԱߣϬĺɨȺ޳ʵСһͷųѹȺʶܵһɿ־壬Ҷ
ϹҲĬĽŲȥӿĬ֮󣬱ҲŲĿˡ
Ĭȵѽ˵ҪҸ𣡡
Ĭһͣ㶼֪Ҫô·ˣϹȻǺֲܿûϹĽлӿŲԺǱ߹ȥ
ԺҪô죬ЩȺһʱ֮Ҳ˲ǻмɵǰҲ˵׼ʲôʱԴ󷢣ѧԺĬһأüģһʱ֮Ҳ벻Ӧ֮ߡ
ϫԺ΢΢ͷĬ˵ĻȻףҲǜϫΪĵ顣
ʱİҹھͺˣҩ̾һ
ҹҹа취𣡡ĬвһĨȡİҹʵߣǣȺ׻һѶڵУʲô


353 ɣޱ3
ţǰĬɲҪСİҹҩϽüģ˵ѧԺⳡƽ٣ԺԼѲϵĬĿ⣬һ͵İҹֵǳȺ
Ĭһ벻İҹʵ΢΢ҹ
ϫԺͷ۵ģУҲУҪô졣
˼ǲܣӦȥƧĵطҸѧԺ鷳ˡҩΪԼԭһѧԺѧ˵£Ҳˡ
ٵȵȣһİ취Ĭݺݵս˫ȭһ䣬ʵڲУҲֻǿˣѧԺеѵȹⳡƽ٣
ĬͷųϢȻ޾磬תͷЩȺʵ򲻵ѵʱôҲֻж֡
ԺãĬ˵öԣѧԺѵ˼ֻҰ޲ɣ־ɳǣȻԶȹⳡƽ١ԺҪøİ취ǰȴǺΪֱҲΪЧİ취
ֻԺһԾվޱܵߴࡣ
ͬѧǣǴҶѧԺһӣȺҲǿǵʱˣҪȥϵĽάԼҿǵʵ
ϫԺһѧ϶غ;Լս
ѧԺΪ٣ֻҪɱ޵ѧԱ¼ѧԺϣԺһĺ˾أѧԺܹȹⳡƽ٣Ϳǵˣ
ò˵ϫԺһܶģ͹ô򵥵ļ仰Ѿȫѧ𺳵ˡ
ѧԺصĶǶѧԺž޴֮ˣҪڽϺպԼдκ˵һּջȫ롣
ΪѧԺΪԼսҲ֪˭ȴܿҲһͬŴУΪѧԺսһǴ˼ѪһĬû뵽һô
Ҳ֪˭һȺȻиѧһ˹ȥʱȺѧһ𣬾СڣҲֹȺһһȾѪ죬ɱۡ
Ĭɱǰĳŵˣһ˼Ѫһ˭ҰްЩѧҰһˡ
ܹЩѧ˵ҪһԺû뵽⻹ǹѧǷܶĶ
С꿴һѧͺǲʹһʶС̺͵˼һֱߵĬߡǲ̫ײ˵㣡
Ĭ΢΢˳飬ҶôҲǺ£ȻԺ˵ˣɱѧԺ޿ּ¼ǵȻҲˡ
˵ĬҲɣǺѹѹȺȥϻԴżɫȥɱްеļѾ¶Ĭ顣
ʮɱһˣǧﲻС
ԴĬս֮󣬴ԸоѹС˺ܶ࣬ҷʵӼѾԷתơ
ϹĬһȺҲǱĬŵˣ֪ĬȻôײеһ棬һһֻޣѪȾ绪۶Ѫɫһ㣬ȻĬȴ۾գһ£˿Ϊ
Ĭ㣡
ϹһͣҲ˴δеء֮ǰѧԺһиõİ취ǰȻ˫ս֮󣬸ܻתսֻ
˵ѧԺʷһôصҲǵһο˶Эһ飬ּ
ѽϫһѾ㲻ԼѾɱ˶ֻޣЩȽϵͼʵǿôΧ˵Ĳġ
󣬜ϫԼоۣɱ֮⣬Ѿûѡ
ϵıһֻ޴ɣֿȭܺЩҰۿһֻ޳Լ˹ϫʶԱһ࣬úһ
ȻԤеʹûеϫ΢΢һ㶣Ĭݣû£ţ
Ĭ
ϫһͣѾ׼÷Ĭʱ˾ͺǴһԼȻǳ٣ٲȴҲƲסе
Ĭ术ϫܱߵֻޣŜϫ΢΢ͷڿ𣡡һֱڜϫߣʵﱩ̫ˣͺԶɱһ
ϫ뼸ʶصͷӹĬݹıɲԼղűɵıһů
ʱһֱ벻ͨҲô˲ͳͳõĬϲΣҪںĽĬͺãǿվȺҫ۵ģѾ㹻֤ϲǿԿ϶ģ
һӳ˶ϫ벻룬ھΪԼĽҲҪȻСˣԺôȥ׷Ĭ


354 𺳣ɱķ1
Ĭɲ뵽ôһʱ䣬ȴڜϫѾתǧأѾСŮ϶Լ
ʱȣȷϫѾָ֮ǰ״̬Ĭʩչ߲ӰؾҪߡ
һҪ͵ϮѧޣȶԷĬһллѾӰתһҪæĵطһսϣĬһһշתڲͬĵط֮Ȼ²޵ʬ塣
ˣĬϲĽ˿涼ѾմȾ޵ѪۣգһһҪ֪ĬƽʱʱӸɾԼģرĬĻİҹ͸Ľ˿£͸Ӱϧˡ
֮£ﻹܹ˼ɵЩֻҪúõػţѾõĽ
ذҶѾɱۣ֪ǹȥ˶ãгʵѪ֮⣬ҲעⲻĶ
Ĭ㻹ðɣϹһѷסĬļвŨŨϧüĽĬںľԼЩսĬͣ˲Ұ޲ǻԲġ
ȻʱĬ˵˵ʲôȻɱ
ɱʲô֪һ˫гŨŨѪۣκˣɱǿŶ˾ÿֲ
ϹһĬ߻ħģ˵ĬѾ߻ħˣɱ֮ʲô֪ۡ
СǼһֱĬߣȻҲע⵽ĬԾĵطͺǻΪҰһ˱ܵȥɱ֮⣬ƶȫһģ˾ÿֲ
ˣˣôˣСдŨŨĵģСһΧĬߣչϵѹѹ޲ҿ
һĬΪģγһΧȦһ޲ҿǣҲȥɱޣƺγһֹƽ⡣
ֻޣһѧԺҲǧˣһһʮԸЩޣһѧһ˲ˡͳͳ˵ĬȺȺγɽȻ
ϫ֮ǰĬİܹӹһ٣ںҲע⵽ĬԾһ棬ǰϹĬôˣ
ҼܵĬĹиһĬζԿȺͷĬǵľ֧֡ƺֻҪĬо˵Ųʲô⣬ܹ˳ͨ
һϹĬ˱Ϲˡ
Ϲü֪Ҫô죬ҲôˡһҺĬôɱȥˣȻɱ˻߻ħĬڵɲǸ߻ħһˡ
ʶס˺ûлɹϹ⻰αǿĬŨŨɬĸоиֿһŮӣƲסˡ
ѵôƽһҪǸƵ·ϲУ
ᣬȻʦֲٲμսѵǾͲˣ֮ǰʦսһδαǣھֵΪʦػػѧԺ׿һ׽˫ȭ鼤ƴСȴɡ
׿һһСŮΣǰ¶Ӣηһ棬οˡ
ΪʦֶսΪѧԺսӮȴͣѧԺƵԣҶٻΪĬһ־ԲǺ¡
ӮУĬԶǸܵϴҲһʱģǸղ׿һ˵ǾΪĬΪԼΪһѧԺҲҪԲȺռѧԺ
ܿҲܵ˹裬ΪʦֶսΪԼΪѧԺս
ղŶѾʮֵԵһӻָ˲٣δҲ֮ǰ˼ּƽϡ
Ϲ΢΢˹Ĭ㿴ػѧػѧԺһױ򵹣ԷˡȻĬ飬ϹƴȫҲĬ
֮ǰĬѾʧѪѣȥϹİĬԱߣվƣĿһһЩᶨѧɨһĨ⡣
һӣʾҰȵ侲Ϲǳ˵ǴҶҪȥȺⱲĽµȵˣԺظĺμ˽ⳡսɹסȺϮ
Ϲôһ˵иӼᶨ˸ƵĹâȻ֮ǰϵʹ
ˣ϶ˣҪЩӲӲһСֶӣƣ򲻹ͳǵԼİΣҪġϹƺʹһִ󽫷緶ΣͷԽԵ侲


355 𺳣ɱķ2
ϹָʾѧһȻȫϹٶ˵ʲôһѾԼֺС飬ͦ
ϹһһڵϵĬᡣĬҪƴԼҲסѧԺתͷⵣĵС꣬ЦЦչ˺Ĭ磬ȥˣ
ҲСشϹѾȺߡ
С겻촽СˣȥһˣҲϣˡȻ֮ǰϹֵúǲףʱȻνľȴֵÿ϶
Сǣϴչϴ󣬻ȥɣѵõڣ͸ղϹĬĹ⣬Ҳı˵˵ƫھȻԸȥæ
ãϣҺһȥװػˣСһҲڵĺȥ
ղŻһЩͽսǺڿùµ֮ǰһֱں߽޶ˣС겻òϡ
ոƿǣϢ˲٣ЩǱ׵ҩջ֮£ʲôܲˡ
ϹһվԼұߵСޣҵңȥĬͺãȻΪĬһֻ޳ԼϹ˵ĸһ
Ȼһɵ
úϹ˵ϻŲǹϹֻϹıЩɱˣԼ˿϶ѹϹ֪ĬںѧԺѧԺѧİοһΪĬԸȺѵᱻһССķ˸ȥ
ƿ֮廹СʵǱ֮ǰǿ˲֪٣׹һһֻ߽޾ڵϣ
Ϲһͣûпղֻ޻Ǹ߽ްɣôСһһצˣ
ͻȻøղŵԼһצӻˡ
Ȼܱ뺷ʲô˾ͻʲôޣˣϹһ̾ϸϵĽŲһֻСޱȥǾĲûˡ
սս¼ңղŸӶһЩսѧԺֵܹڻûб޸ƣҲ˵һ漣ˡ
ԺڵҪǺãܹ½üģѧһ£֮վ⼸ϼһﶼݺݵشˡѧԺҪǿţǶҪȥһܣ
ʼҵĻӻûе𣡡
֮ǰѾȥˣò˹ãӾͿԸϹˡ
СػĬߣһֻСޣȴҲû˸ʱ
˹
Ĭˢһ˫ۣѪɫһƬɱԶȺսϵԽȻûкã˼֡
С̿ĬһϲʶܽĬĻУ̫ˣˣ
˭ɱĬһϲСޣʶ֣סС̵ԴסԷ㲻顣
СҲĬģŵˣΡΡؿĬı飬ˣװС̣㲻ʶ𣡡ƴҲҺĬոѹϵûлָȻСֱ̾ӿԱĬɱˡ
Ĭƺ˼С⻰
װС̣Ӧʶ𣡡лŨŨĬиڸԼֻܶСǶ֣ȻԼһڵġ
СţҪĬӿҲȻԼ˵Ĭݺݵصͷ԰ˣС̣ôˣﲻ𣡡СǽţС˵ĬԼҪ
㣡
Ĭһ˦С̣ȻöֻǶ֣ЩȺԲŹ
С̸ոջĬһ֪ûĶɱԼһתۣĬѾս֮ƣС̶Ųѡ
Сģ
С̿Ĭܲ˵ؾͳȥϻˣнĬԼСİ
ʣµ޿ɶ֮ǰҪö֪࣬Ĭˣټ֮ǰĬ˲ޣǸǷſԭˣȫĳΧĬˡ
Ĭһã΢΢Աһִ࣬˲ղֻҪ͵ϮĬıӱĬһһ˲˲ɽĺɫѪȾĬ½󣬺촽һĨаȵЦݡ
ȻվѪУĬЦȴӲ˾ëȻ
ЩǰĬӵ߳ɱɱĮҲģĬʱ򣬱ܵĲһֿ־壬ǰ
û¡С̸оԼ඼ҪĬųˡ
ϹӽţĬˣȻҪħˣ
ôܣҵôħһȫ˶ܻɶħĬᡣ
Ƕʲô


356 𺳣ɱķ3
Ϲ֮ǰڱ˲עʱ͵͵ĬΪ˱Ĭ³սĬģѾǳħǰףһɣһħͿĬôˡ
ʵϹҲԸţĬôϵһˣػ£Ȼϳħĵ·Ϊ²³ħҲ⣬ĬϹ۵ޡ
ĬͷųԼıԣûзʵ˺ܶ࣬ʵİ취;ǳħħԶʱԼʵǶԸЩȺ㹻ˡ
Ϲһ˲˲ضĬ˵⻰ʱᣬȻΧ˶ˡ
ϫ˵ʲôܽĬħϢĲ˼飬ҡͷģĬôħأϹ㲻ҪϹ˵
ʵϫѾˣȻҲôʹࡣ
ĬΪػһѧԺİΣһħħҲΪ˶ʱڿԼʵܱȺ֤˵İΣȻĬȴôɵô࣬ô˵ĸܣȴûпǹԼҪô졣
Ѿ˲ǣ
ֹͬϫϹ𶼳Ĭȥ
֧ԮС̶Ҫжÿˣô죬˺Ҷʶˣ͸ŨŨĽź͵ģС̸ĬôãĬǵãӲ˵Ϲ͜ϫˡ
һһסĬǰǰ
ĬһҲҺʱĬ϶ĵֻޣˣȻϹĴԻȸղС̸⡣
ÿߣ
ĬģİǲʶϹ͜ϫˣŨŨɱϹţĬǰĬĻº֡
ĬˣȥħģϫźĬȻûκЧ
ħĬ΢΢аģ˼аȣԭɫѾѪɫ欣ħǾħɣʲôʲôаѵֻνĳǶԵģĶǴ𣡡
ŨŨʵֳ˭ҲһشĬ⣬ɸо˵öԡѵֻһ·ȫǴˡ
û뵽ĬѾħ˼·ܹ͹⻰˭Ҳ½ӡ
ǺǣҲ˵ɵħһַʽֻҪߵɣʲôǲԵģҪģģɱȺܶα֮˺öˣ
ɫƮĬվڴǰͺһӣȻѾմŢҫ۵˸Һԣ
Ƿ㶵ʱ䣬ĬһԽϹ𣬳ʱȺȥˣЩ޾Ͳһˡ
ͻȻЩ޺ÿСǳ˳飬ͻȻԼԽԽ̬ˣֱһҲ̶õĵŰɱ
ڿ״̬ĬʵѾ˴ﵽ۷壬Щ޾ȫĬĶ֡
һֱûгֵľ޻ȻȺеף˳ȥĬһ˫˵ĻĿҲ˶ĬļɵĶ֡
ǾΪİΣ޻ҲòվȻе嶼ҪµĶħһɱˡ໡һĻХʣõٻȻȥ
ȺȻĳˣ
Ĭˣ
ȻĬڵȴǸ˵ġ
ǺǣҪߣôסĬһȣ콣һž޻ȥȫޣ⣬ʵ
޻Ѿ˶ɽ٣Ĭ׼ȺˣħǲԸѷŹǣ
Ŀһɣ໡֮ϲӡ
޲ǰѾĬ;޻һսֻܳ׽ⳡս
찡ĬӮ𣡡ϫüģ˫ֺʮΪĬֹֻܾؿ
ۿеĺʹԵĻԸں;޻Լ
СĬͨ޻Բ˵Ķ֣
ȻͳȥĬˣΪ֪Ĭһ˿Ը㶨ԲŻ˵Ĺս
Ȼûжã޻ӿˤû˶
ĬսʤЩ֮ѧѾĬ𺳵ˡ
һѪµվڸߴû˿飬ƽһ㣬Ѿûʲôĵˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôĬģһεˮȫƲסشۿ˳ҵϡ
Ϲ΢΢һ㶣ж᲻ᵯֻδĴȻĿˡ
תۿˣԼĻҲˣһʱ䣬ڳʮ֮˾ŵ˶ˣͲˡ


357 Բˣ1
ϫԺҪһҲѾɸˡ
˭ɰѿ֮ã
ꡪҩ΢΢ҡͷֹԺ׷İҹ
İҹڻˣϻɹҲʣİҹ͵ˣǵ°ԼΪǿľѧ˻ٲµİҹİҹѾܰյ¡
Ĵֵ֮£˳ϮͷˮӶ
ĬվڸߴȴԼۣҲ֪ΪʲôԼۺۣԺкܶ໭ڻתԼֲǲԼĻ䡣
гŨŨĲʣô˲䣬ĬͻȻԼѾȻһСȺѾɢôֵΪʲôȻվԭأ΢΢ͷͷƬգһڲٻ
ô˲䣬ϹвһоĬͺҪ뿪һͲϵһǲǹͣչ黹ҪصԼӦȥĵط
Ĭ
İվڰĬʼɱޣƾһ֮ȺˡؿĬɬѣǹȥǽԭǸģΪԼԲϧԼ
ҪҵŮ񣡡
ڿĬģİ֪ôģȴһ㶼˲ҶĴĬѹôĬôǻ᳹ʧֻ˵ǱĳԶա
վڽһĵطһᾪȴ˿Ĭ۾ͺǱɫһϴӺɫɹıʯɫ±غɫϷ֮
ջһĨ̾ϢֻԶѵ˷·̤һ㻺عʵȻٶһ㶼Ӵ೤ѣƮݵīڿз裬Ӹһַ֮С
е˶ס˺ΪԼͻˡ
ĬǰѵֹͣᣬĬգһѪɫûеģۡ
İҹ
˶ɾˣ벻ʱ򣬻͵վ˳ԤĬֿİҹĳ沢ûг֣Ĭħһ˾ոˡ
ɵ㶵ؿİҹƺûΪʲôİҹ
Ϊ㲻Ҫˡ
Ĭίؿİҹһδ˳۽ǵίСģİҹһͣͺǱһ㡣
İҹĿһ飬ݺݵһºʹôòҪĬˡϳĬ֮⣬Ҳûİҹˡ
̾һǻ飬ԲˣСɵϣô᲻Ҫˣ
ĬϤգҵܾúܾã㲻һֱǸŮˡ˵Ļ᲻ţİҹվĬǰȴҲûĬ˵ʲô
ĬҲ֪Լô˵ܿƵĶİҹԹһմһ¾ˡ
ĵȴĳԹڽ쿴Էʱͳͳһ̾Ϣ
Ĭİҹֺ͸ڿʲôˡ
֪֪һӣ˶˵ˣԸȥΪǸҪȥԡ
İҹһǰĬĬôİ˵ǸʶеĺŮˡĬħǼʶǸ꣡
ԱĬħҪ鷳Ķࡣ
ǸħµŮˣİҹӲʹ˲ĿȨĬ
Ů˲Цˣ꣬ῴİҹʲôӣӲ˾衣̫Ǹ˰ɡ
İɣܺãҲռ塣
ֻ˵ǰѾˣ֪˾ȥŮʱһС
֮ʱתһ¿ʼĬǵͷֿ֮߻мΪҪһĨꡣ
ʱ䣬Ļ֮ѾɢزˣֻһĨ걣˵ԴԸ񣬵һתͶ̥ڵĨѾһµĸ壬ԼԸĬܱ˭棬ԼҲԡ
ֻĬһ̳еΪõ֮ŵܹͨһֵ֮ҲֻʱģĬȺܿҪ˯״̬
İҹһͣ鶼ԷˣǰŹĬ
һİҹĺ񣬡ֻϣƴҪ˼ҡ
İҹ뵽Ů˾ȻԼ˵⻰֣صصͷǰģĬⱲΨһ
ǺǣΨһ⻰ֻĶǳ


358 Բˣ2
Ĭ⿴Զ΢΢Ǻԭһʱִ̫Ųʲô£²Ľѡ
辶°ɡ
һ̾Ϣڿɢ񲻹һȻ䵽İĶУ˺ݺݵս˫ȭģĿô׾ͷ£Ҳʹˡ
İʶҪסĬӦòײżһ棬ĵŮҪô𣡶˵ֻһ˾衣һ֮Ҳκˣ˾뿪ĺܶ꣬СߣȻҲŮκ
΢΢ҡͷһжѾȥıԹʱһ˽飬˾衣辶ĸֻ˵һǸ
ֻĬһһ㵹ȥҺİҹԱߣʱסĬŲӸߴˤȥ
İ˺һʲô֪һڰͺûһ
ĬԹȥİҹֱӳҩϹ죬ôˣ
ҩҪȥĬԼΪ۰ͽܲĵġҩ¯
ޱɲʲô˶ԽģҩǸƢԺҪޱûоҩϵ׿ϣֱӱĬӣȻҩۣȫûʱˡ
һҲø˻ᣬȻҪޱףҩҪĬƣһʶҴ´ҩϡ
ϫԺվſڣҡͷҶˣΪѧԺ飬Ҷͷͳͳ£ڴȥϢɡ
ϹһֱĬӰ룬Ĭܹô뿪
Ժ̾һˣҲһɡ
СԺкȫ˦Ҳ˦ˣֱӳĬڵҩ¯ȥ
ô
İҹݺݵĶҩϣҩϲţĬʲô飬İҹб°ѱ°ԼˡΣҪΪĬһѹˡ
΢΢ͷʾİҹСһ㣬һҩ®˳ȥİɣĬѾûʲôˣֻ֮ǰˣʱúˡ
ҩ⻰˶һ
ʵ֮ǰĬȥ̫⣬ڷƽ˾е㲻š
Ĭ书ûɡϹʶʵĵȵĬ֮Ѿȫһˣʶˡ
Ƕҵҽİİɣ˵Ĭû¾û¡ƽûκα쳣ĵطЩ֮⣬û⡣ҩҲǵĬɣȵĬǿ˾֪ˡ
˵ܶ࣬ȫţҪĬԼѹǽźá
Ȼҩ϶ô˵ˣȻ˵Ĭûʲô⡣
Ϲֿһҩ®ķ򣬲ҩ®ҩϵĵطνҲѾܲˣҲõҩϵš
ϫһϹļҩһҾôҩǾȻȥˣĬҪҩ϶չˡ
ϹûмĬȻԸôˡҩϣڿȥĬ𣡡ĿƵضҩϣҪؾ˼ˡ
ȻİҹڣϹԸעʵˡ
İҹѾˣȻ˶Ĭ˼Ӳ˵ϹȫûڲԼĬøе
ҩ϶˵ˣĬϢǻȥѵˣôʵҪ˭İҹ⻰˵ҲѾˡ
ϹһͣҲɣǵʵĬȲü߻ħʱԼʵȺ
ǣǸˣ
ϹвʣȻʱһжҪĬΪأԺеĻĬҲüһʱ
ϫӮϹңһ߳ޱ
ϹҲҪ̫ģϴһƽ£ҩԱߣӮһĬġ
ϫҲȫıֻ̬Ȼʵĸо
Ϲȥѵȥ
ߣӮҲϹһʲôΪĬҩϣİҹǿˣǻػĬ
һ仰İҹ˵ĲûдֻԼʵʸվĬߣֻĬĬػҲܸĬ˺ȡȻֻٴγֽĬҪǡ
Ӯ΢΢һ㶣ܿѾ˵⣬ͷߣһȥ
İҹĿ˳ѵȥлһĨ⡣
߰ɣʵǼҲˣҪǸղǸкڣѧԺҲͦڡҩ϶ϹӡҲ
ߣİҹһѧԺûΣֻҪĬúõģ
İҹ
ҩϺݺݵҡͷҲİҹ˵Ļ


359 Բˣ3
İҹ˵ģһİҹУ˾ͻԼԷҸİҹĬĸˡ
Ĭ⺢ڣİҹСӹûиĹɡҩ̾һ
ƺһжעԵһ˭ҲӲ
İҹùҩֹĵ߽ҩ¯κ˿ĬϢĵطǾñ˻ϢһİҹϾһ㶼ã뿪С̫ˣں޲ÿһÿһ붼Ĭߡ
Ĭ۵ˣҩ˵ȫ۾ۡһ˯ҹҪҩϿ϶ĬѾ𲽿ֻ˯ߵķʽػָǣĬ˶Ҫˡ
ҩϣĬ컹û𣡡Ϲÿ춼ȥ֮ǰƵޱĬ
ҩ϶ЩĲˣ΢΢ҡͷĬûѣѾԽԽãò˶ãѹˡ
Ϲ˵ͷ֪ĬûѹʧشԴã鷳ҩˣȸһ
ʧǵ뿪ӰһĨ˵Ϣ
İҹ˿Ϊˡ
ǰ˼Ҷ飬ĬСͽĺѣ˼ҲÿĬС֮㼱
ᡣİҹתصĬķ䣬ڿϵС֮Ϣ˲紺绯ѩһ㣬繡ĬѾˣ㻹᲻ѹ𣡡
֪Ĭˣһ֧һѧԺİΣǿԼǿȻģȴǸİҹۡ
ðɣ֪ˣ˵һ죬ֻһʱ䣬㲻ô˯ȥˡİҹвɴһĨ
ˣ֮⣬Ĭʱо˺¡
İҹڵģĬѲĵȵĬѹʱ򣬱һˡ
һʪëС洲ϵСϴֻҪĬ飬İҹҪΪܾκ˿ĬҩҪÿĬ壬ȷĬȻҩ϶ҪĬ
Ǹ߸ϵˣЩȴҲǵӦ֡Ĭİҹͷıܵ˿ί
ŰΧޱ߼ʵĺڰĬƴҪڰĺҪ뿪İҹİҹкܶ˶ڵôܱ
ƴҲҪ뿪
Ĭָ˶ʶץߵĴҹ
İҹ΢΢һ㶣ϲתղĬԼˣ
ĬĬ˶ԲԣץסĬ֣ҪĬ
ڵҩϵһʱ˽ȫûƽʱĵôôĬ𣡡Ŀ䵽ĬϣǱ˫ۣʹ࣬üģۡ
İҹظܵĬвɽ
ĬֻҪһ㲻ĵط䵽İҹоͱ顣
ҩϽһʱǼĬϷ΢΢һĬجˣò˶ãͿѹˡ
ܣ
جεȻˣһˣ
Ҫãȥɡ
ҩϱİҹݺݵرһѾֹ֪ٴˡİҹҲĬǰһԣʵʱ˵ҩ϶Ҫݺݵһ١
ԻҪ˵ʲôѡ뿪
İҹסĬĸ첲ĬҪ£Ҫ£һˣﶼǼٵġ
ڰϵĬô˲侹ȻİҹҹĬʶҪ׷ѰİҹӰһʱ֮ããĴϣĬҲ
һɫ˭˵һˮ˻𣬵㹻ǿʱȫ
ԷʲôĬһٻڵ𣬡ȼգ
պɫ׵Ļ濪ȫµ磬ߺڰһոµ硣
˳ǰеĺڰߣĵ⣬ĬڿԺݺݵһʱ뿪ˡ
Ĭ
ĬɿüģİҹҲԷֻҪĬܣǱԼʹܡ
ϵС˻˫ۣڴ̫õԵʣȫЩӲвһĨɻ󣬡ҹ㣡
֮ǰڤڤ֮кİҹںԼǸĬĶܹƺڰӭ
ңһˡԲһˡİҹԴɳƵڶ֤ĬΣİҹĻˡ


360 ѣټ1
ĬǿƲסһ˫貵ǻԣ֣İҹæ˵ĬҪʲôҰ㡣ںģͲĬСˡ
Ĭһתİҹŵģһľͺô˲ȫһģҡͷûУҾҪ
֮ǰĬոûжĸоһоĸо
İҹ˳ְĬͷ𣬷סǰС˶𣬡ոʲôҪֱӺ˵ͺãȥҩͷйڵ
Ĭ΢΢ͷ˵ȫô鷳õúءİҹŵģܾĻȻҲ˵ˣİҹıǡ
ĬСͽˣٲ߾ҪСӸ˲ɣллأΪʦ
İҹȥңҩĶһʱ˹ҩ϶ĬĹ һ㶼İҹ١
ĬҩϰæʦӦûʲô⣬أ
бĬһۣҩͷúÿҪġİҹĬԴĬ΢΢һ㶣ʱԼǱİҹСˡ
ҩһ࣬ϸϸһջ֣İɣڣĬʲô¶ھǸѣЩ⼸עһ¾ͺˡ
ĬһߣҾ˵ˣأʲô⡣ϹģҲһҩʦü֪УĬİҹǰ¶Сģ
İҹ˵ĬĶͷĿ磬ⱲӿҲֻĬܹܵİҹԴˡ
һתͷҩϵʱ򣬾û֮ˣĬʲôҪע⣬廹
ӦʲôϵˣԼ鶼ô⣬İҹȴĬֳȫһһ棬ϸ£޲ðз涼ˡ
Ĭͽ㶼֪СӶľ㶼֪ѾüûúϢԱߣҪǿƴСӣһȥ˾ˡ
ҩǵȵĬĬߣͲõİҹԼô
ȻĬǰİҹ鲻ãǹ˼Ĭݺݵصһҩϣϻô࣬¡
Ĭһ񿴵İҹˣ벻ԼԵʱ䣬м仹ô£İҹܹԼ
ˣҹʦȥϢһ°ɣ⼸ǹˣԼԡĬôҲһҩʦԼ嶼㲻΢΢
ȻĬô˵ˣİҹȻĬû⣬ͷﲻˣĬҪʲôҰȥá
ҩϺݺݵس˳ǣҪʱ򣬻ûҪʱ򣬾ֱ˦ˣȻ鳹װҲİҹ磬İҹĬʱģѾ˲ˡ
ˣҲˣѾ˵¡
ˣˣҲǣţȳȥˡҩ΢΢ҡͷȻβס˿̵ĺ飬硣
»ָ
ĬĿ䵽İҹϣˣһʱ䲻֮İҹȥ˲٣۵׵ɫͺѾкüûкú˯һ
ҹ
Ĭỽһİҹһľôˣ
ֲմޣ㣬˺ö࣬⼸㵣ˣûкúϢɡĬȾһĨǸԼļȺΧѧԺ֮ȥ֧ԮѧԼɱۣʲô飬ĬȴѾǲˡ
ȺѾ˰ɣһԶˣ
СŮһѧԺ飬İҹۣİɣȺѾˣһжܺãԷˡҪģú壬Ҷܵ㡣
ȷѾƽ£Ĭһҹ㵣ңİ԰ҪúϢķˣ
ȷĬİҹ˿ȥİҹزĲˣĬɫǲ
û¡
Ĭ˵ʲôСǼҲѾһʱ˹رǵ⼸쿴ĬһڴϣҪˡ
Ŵһ˫ˮȵĴ۾ضĬˣˣ
ĬһϸᰲСһĿСС̽ŵģİɣǼҲô״ܵģ
ţԺ󶼲ҪˣǼᱣˣ˲ҪôƴȻô찡С̶Ҫ޳ˣһ뵽֮ǰĬʶˣ;ú¡
ãԺҾǱҡ˹ıĸоĺܲأ


361 ѣټ2
·绪Ʈɢŵҩ㣬Ƣ
Ϲ𰮿ŲԶļˣ඼һ㣬ֻɵĿŶԷɻǲԼ۾⡣Ĭ
ĬվھԼʮ׵ĵطϹȴӲǲǰһϴһ
ѾϹϰߣÿȥ֮ǰޱѯĬȵٵһۡ
ĬһϹ𲻿˼⣬ǺǣϹǲʶ𣡡ĬϤζϮϹıǼ⣬аһЦʧɫ
ĬĬˣϹ𼤶ҪǰסĬļ򣬿ǶӲǿԼͣԼһͰĬŪɢˣ㣬ĺˣСģĬİҹʱһģһ
ǺǣȻˣһǰҵɲ˰ĬƲƲǣʾŨŨĿ飬ܺãôġ
˾ͺã˾ͺã
Ϲ𶼲֪ҩôԼ˿̵ĻϲĬ˭
ʳôɵ⣬ĵĬ
ɵ𣡡Ĭƿİҹļ򣬶Ϲ˵ˣϹҪҪҪʦƼöҩ
һĬ׼ȷؽгϹ֣ϹڿȷĬֻˣӻָ־
Ҫʲôҩҵ˶ȫˣϹ֪˵
İҹһûĬС˶Ѿ˳
ĿӺ𣬡Ҫ
ĬͷԼǱİҹץˣʶİҹ߹ȥҹⲻǺˣһֱڷ̫ˣʦҲ˵ˣҪʵ˶ҩϸ֤
İҹεصͷѵԼĬļϣ䣬ˣȺˡĬİҹǿӲ
أĬɵصͷƺʲôתͷϹ𣬡ϹˣͷһʡÜϫӮġ˵һҺģȻȻסİҹĸ첲ҹȥɡ
ϹĿ䵽Я뿪ģʵ̫ãȻǰš
ңҺһ𣡡ϹӦ˰ģܾĬİҹ˵ĽԲһ㣬ֳŲϵչ
УһҪȥֹĬ
ȻİҹȷҲܸıǸʵĬſǲҸġĬһҪˣôҲİҹҪúܶɣƵԲᷴĬκζ
ûа취ԴĬͺİĶԻ֮ϹѾ̶Ĭϲˡ
Ĭǳ˳飬ϹʲôѵѾİҹˣ
İҹвˬϹǹǵĶ磬ֲõϹߡֻиĬ
ףûϹķݣֻҪ΢еĵģǡ
ϹϾȫˣòײżĬһ棬֮ǰĬԣϹһδα֮⣬ںò׿Ĭ ô׾ͱˣ
û£ҾͿĬղŲǻ˵ҲҪͷһɡ
Ĭ΢΢ҪģûмôҪġüһҪˣ
ϹһشһǡİҹһͰ˸ȥ
⵱Ȼᣬ㲹ʲôҾͿͺˡϹһܿõĽͰ취
ȫûϹʲôľͺá
ǺǣϹҪˣĬݺݵس˳ǣ˵Ҫԡ
ĬѾõòˣһṦ򣬶Ѿ֪ԡ
Ϲһϣ˵Ĭ˵Ҫҿ϶ҪˣȻĬҿҩ£
ǳԼˣ΢΢ҡͷû˼
ҩвһĨȣ벻İҹϹŽĿ䵽ĬҲ˼Ȼ
ĬҲùϹ·ϻڵҩҹʲôʱģʲôʱ߰
ĬȻȻʻİҹϹϵҲǺܺÿĬʲôǵˡ
⻰ʲô𣡡ĬšüģܾԼʲô飬ԼԼһ欵Ů˳֣һɱ˵ϢۣǾ巢ʲôȴô벻
ϸҪȥ䣬Դͷ·ҪѿһĬʶסԴüģʹ಻ѡ
ţҺʲô벻
İҹһĬܵı飬ﻹΪĬסĬĸ첲ᰲǰСˣ벻ͲҪȥˣȻǣһǲҪ顣



362 ѣټ3
ϹһֻİҹһĬԼĹģϹԭأ޼ľٶеɻͲԽˡ
֮ǰϹз֣ǵİʦĬ̬ǲһģǴҶʶΪĬʵձǸӸߵԵʡȻƺİҹĬĹѾ򵥵ǵʦѧĹˡ
һֲ²⸡УԼԸȥϰˡ
˵ĬǸ˾İҹ
ҩ΢΢ҡͷԼͽȻԽԽϲˣһĬаĽ֮ġǵ֪֪ĬǸŮ
֪Ͳһеϲˣ͸ѵˡ
ȻҩϲϣԼʱ䱻İҹڲˣ˵ʲôҲİҹ顣İҹԼȥ֣Ҳܺá
Ϲݺݵս˫ȭ䵽Ĭϡ
ĬİҹֺޱΣǴûмģвԸϣϹĬİҹԼҪҪö࣡
Ĭ㻹ðɣҪ̫࣬úǹؼǼźһѵǶûзɣʱ򶼿˳ˣϹת˻⣬ƵģƺĲһ㡣
ߣҪңǹƻҪٵϼ꣡Ĭü΢ŵٹ⣬һᣡ
廹ûкãõġ
Ĭһİҹű˵ڿ佱Լôž͸Ǳһáסİҹĸ첲ҹˣʱһȥŰǣȻȫûоϹʲô⡣
ָоԽǿң
ϹһĬô˵ǶһİİʦǵʦѧӦصʦϰס
رǿһϡ֣ڳİҹѾˣھȻҪĬʦѧ֮ĸ飬ôһЩĹϵ
⻰ĬͲˣİҹ˶ģôܺվͳһսߣ
źߣЩǵǼҹŰɣİɣҹϳҲַɱǣĬ΢΢Դš
ϹҪ˸ԼĬİҹ֮䲻ֹϵȫˡ
Ͻ˽˵ǸˣİʦˣĬʵҲôҴţҲ˵㡣
ϹԼѾҵ࣬һӣΪĬİҹǵʦѧ֮ĹϵҪˡȻ˵ȥܶĬİҹ϶ȥ
Ĭһ飬ò˵Ϲʱʮ㰡
Ѿȥôõ飬ϹȻǵá
ֻñһ䣬İҹлһĨâĬеˣСһﱳʲôˣ
ĬݺݵصһϹҪһˡ
תͷĿİҹݺݵҡͷҹ㲻ҪϹʲôˣֻ㣬͹˰
İҹصͷڻڣİҹĬƽϡţӴŶҾ͹ˣ
˼ֱǷˣôҲҪ˼һվﰡ
Ϲս˫ȭԼһҪ侲ñ˿ЦȥǺǣǡ
Ĭһþˣ˳㶨ҹˣһģͺʲô˲һ
İҹҲ˳Ĭ˼ͷš
ϹĺԼˣ࣬Ҫ飬ȻԼװ֪ģǵʦѧ
Ĭİҹ˶ֻΪ˵ĿίԼˣȻˣϲˣǾһ
ʲôԵģ˭涨ѧ͵ʦͲһˣԱϰֹǣοССݲ࣡
⻰Ĭ˵ǺεȵİƺϾûֹܹ顣
ϹضĬ貵⣬Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
ͲˣԼһҪʳ⻰ĬԴǹһŲۣԼʵжˣֻҪҪģ˻Ƕ󶼻ԸԳ
ǺǣʵҲͦõġϹôش
˭Ĭѡľİҹһ벻ˣȻӮĬġ֮ǰĬ񶨣Ϊ˵Ŀ⣬ֻԷԼҪǸˡ
Եȵİҹ֮ĬǺԥĳˣʦĸҪԲСѹϹ𿴵ĳĬ⡣
ʱ򣬿ǲҪĽİҹ׺εºܣȻ²ĬһƬġ
ֱϹ𶼲ǵԼôޱ뿪ģаٸн
ҪĬֻҪİҹԸͳͳԸĬȻ˵ڣҪ˵ĻĬİҹʱֳȫһ֮Ȼ˽


363 ָ췢ģĲ䣨1
ȵϹߺ󣬿տĺԺƮɢŵµҩ㡣
ȻĬȴǲɸӽˣİҹ⣬ֺõסİҹĸ첲ҹʱ䲻ˣʦ˵ҪúϢȻطϢˡ
һĬҪԼĺԺԼĵ̣ȫù˼κ顣
ĬغԺǲܣޱҲѾס˲ʱ䣬ҲǻϰߣֻҪʱӹİҹѯʣһж
İҹĬԽô飬Խ֤⡣
ãҲϢʱ仹
ĬվԼ˳ӹһ٣ܿͷԼȫˣİҹǰʱƺ׼˰
԰ǿһӵʱһЩСԲӰ֮ĸԲԣ
İҹһֱΪĬǰֻһݲ
һӡůİҹζظһ顣
İҹжҡĬҲܣһİҹɻȻǸӺˡȻҪģ֪ʲôʱİҹͻ𣬾ͺԼԴϵһвԼ
ѽѽѵһźߣĬ΢°ͣһĲݵģ˵ǣҾԲŹ㣡
Ȼһӡ
ȻĬģİҹȫܾһӵջ
һһôҪһϲһ
Ǻһӣһһһ˫𣡡ԴӺ
ĬһתͷȻİϤףİôվ
ĬʱҾͲˣһֱ߱ѽôͬʹһҶùˣôôģİǹ˹Ŀİҹ˵⣬ûκǰһ˵Ļ͸ˡ˵Ĭ»ͲҪɰˣ
ҿ˭ùˣ»ɰ
ĬƲסֿˣòײŰİҹˡһһİҹ֪Ҫᵽȥˡ
ŵĿİҹָֻ췢ˣҹ㲻Ҫ˵˵ҶˣҰۣܿ
Ĭһֺõģ䵽İо͸ӰˣѵİҹôãŮһһ䵽С
ʵ֮ǰİ˵û뿪ĬһֱڰػֻȺ¼֮󣬺İԼЩҪʲôİҹֻˣ԰Լײ
İǺҫΪһϸɱ֣һҪܹɹԼֻҪİҪñ˷ԼͲܷĴڡ
ǺǣĬôô飬ڶɽɾͲô˵ġİǹģֻҪܴﵽԼĿģʹСıҲûʲô⡣
죡İ㲻˵û˻㵱ưͣ
ĬҪĺİˣĹϵ˺İоȫһģղİҹΪϹ˵ģںİĺĺǸ飡
ǺǣĬôʲôѵ˵Ĳʵ𣡡İһͲİҹᡣ
Ĭݺݵصһۺİȫûʲôҹ㲻Ҫֻ㣬˶װ׵ġ
ǾĬԼ⻰ûκοŶȣҪİҹž͸˰ɡ
Ȼϣ
ϺİƵ⣬İҹȴЦˣ˳§סĬϸ⧲ǰ§סлԴһĨŨŨɻ󡣡ҹ
İݺݵս˫ȭһܹ׸ղϹ飬޲ǰһֿ
İҹȻϵǹȥֳԼĬӡ
㣬»Ǿɰֻһˡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣һʱ֮仹ûܷӦİҹ⻰ʲô˼ɵ㶵ı鿴ȥĶİҹһָᶯ˵ĬĶͷ
Ĭһ죬˲ֱİҹõ˵ĸо
»ǾͰֻһˣĬǺ֪طӦصصͷţֻһˡ
İһ˷ҫ
˵˰죬һֶռġ
Ǻǣǵĸ黹ãĬҪ֪˲ߵʱ򣬿ɶߡͲҪ֪Ǻ˭һ˵ɾǺŮһ𣡡
İǹĶ²˵ȻҲҪĬŲС
һĬİҹģ˵ӦǶԼģİҹᱳԼ
ߺߣİ˵ΪǼҹһҾ͹ˣŮʲôõģʵǿ󣡡Ĭü΢ֳʮš


364 ָ췢ģĲ䣨2
ʱ򶼲֪˵Ĭ̫ŻǶİҹ̫ڷģʵġкܶ಻飬ͱ˵֮һ
Ũصĸ飬ֿסʱͺܶǰ˾衱ѩĸ飬Ȣˡ֮İҹֵжٿŵĵطںİУѾʧȥ˿εļֵ
˱кĬĬȫһ꣬ȻİĬ١
ĬͶж˽⣬ֻ֪ͥ˵İҹѾȢӣʲôδޣЩ㶼˽ˣİͱˣϬضİҹĶˣ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣Ҳû뵽İ˵⻰
İҹЩȷһ֪Ĭ
΢΢ֻҪİҹ͹ˣȫֻҪİҹı飬䵽İУĺҪһĬ
ˣҪôɣˣѹʱҪҿ޾ͺãĬģ˵ڵĻȫһζ
ĳ˴ҴıӰĬǳ˳飬һǾײǣ
ߣôܻڣ
Ĭһתͷİҹҹ˵˵ĶԲԣ
İҹڶĬε⣬оȻ۵׵ĲȻһҲûĬע⵽
Խ§ǰС˶ģҲʧġİҹ˵ǲʶ̧٣ôİҹҲʹֶǿȶҵͬ˻顣
ϴûܹİҹȥԼҪ飡
ĬҲˣصصͷǣôõߣôܻῴأֲ۾⡣
İҹ΢΢ƺֻҪĬһЦݣеķն˲ʧ
źߣѵǣĬһϹһĨϲЦݣİҹѾ˸ղŵ飬Ŀġװ˵ģһǷҹȥϢˡ
ƽصԼķ䣬ţĬؿڣɹӹһ١
СлһĨΣֱǺɸ֡
ˣôİҹزûʲô߷߲ƽСûоʲô飬һıܱǸԼԲ̫һˣȻԿĻԼ
⻰Ҳ˵ˡ
صصͷϴ˵ĶԣˣһҪʲôûУһҪôã
Ҫ֪֮ǰĬԵʱ򣬾ǼҪĬİҹǿˣҪСţԺİҹ
ĬĿһתԼûз֣Դɻ˵ѵĶҹܺúں涼ûз֣෴ģĬԼкܶ಻֮
ĬԽӣСǼоԽİҹ˳ˣƾʲôȥĬˣȻõĬôģǼĴ
СһＸǲԼͬصصͷ
ǵȻǶ̫룬˼Ҹ߻ʱѹʱˣСо˵̣һģ㶼ҪĬˡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷЦЦôһһ˵ҹܺѽôˡİҹԱҲҪһ֮ĬоѾ϶ˣӲ˵ǻɹİҹġ
ǿĬģ֪һûаǼĻϣɸ֡
Сһ棬ĬǵˣһҲ˵ôࡣ
ˣǼ϶Ầ㣬Ȼ֪ϲİҹȷҲЩ黹Ҫ˽ĬսȺޣѾСݺݵŵˡ
Ƿ֮ǰС϶Ҳӿ϶İҹϾİҹ֮ǰҲиǼٺôϹĬ̶ȣȴǼжˣİҹһһЩ
źߣҾǿ˲˳ۣʲô˲ġҪ˵ţϹǲ˵֪⻰ĬŻ᲻ģǻ˵˳
ĬĪİҹ⼸ʲôСһȻҲ˵⻰⿴ڶû˵С̣װҲô𣡡
С̵Ҳû뵽ĬȻתת˵Ҳ˵Ҫô˵ĵĻش
ĬıС̣΢΢װġ
ֺã
ˣһǵС̣СԴһĬĻС껹еһװֶİҹȡģİҹС̶г磬ȻĬ棬˵İҹĻ
ĬһΪԼãˣҲҪ˵װǵ˼ҶףһעġǶ׽ˣǲҪģҹ


365 ָ췢ģĲ䣨3
ȻĬ⻰кܶһ־ڿοǣͷ˺ܶࡣҡҡβͣˣ㿪ľͺãǶ֧㣡˸۸㣬ǰ
ĬѾжǳ벻İҹӣǼҲӦˡ
СĬʱãҲ⣬ͷһߺߣԣڣ˭ҹ㣡
ҼңС̲Լġ
Ĭһůܷʲô飬ǼԼߣԶùµһֱĵůĵӿ
ãҶǵãһǣ
ҹҹϰϰһжָ˰
һɫӰĬķ䣬Ŀƣ䵽ڴϵСϡ
Ĭ˯ñͲ˽֮ȫϸ˫ۣСưҪԷҪʲô
ҩϵޱĬҪŪԷ⣬ǳޱĸֵҩģֻǳģ
ȻԷƺû׼ʲôĿ䵽ĬϣƵдһֻĸ飬ĬҲûа취˼׶ԷҪʲô
ʲôǸĬнš
һĬһĺѾԼѾ˹ȴװ˯ŵģŸϵС˼ֿɰһĬķȥ繣ƣԴϵָĬա
Ϲ⻬ϸĴУ᲻ɿ֪ĬѾȴƲסϵĶ
ĬһѲԼϲɻˣһ˰ѵĸŮ˰ҹŲɣ
Ĺ򣬺һֱ˴
ǲ˻
ĬһŶԷؿڹȥ飬ָҰҹĲɻԲ
ҹпԷݣԷƺ֪ĬѾĬݲȣ֮Ѿ˼ʮغϣĬɫԽأԼͲǶԷĶ֣
ǹںԼһкüؿĬǶԷȴǲɫ֣
ĬɺݺݵüģȻһ²⣬ҹ
ƺİҹ֮⣬ҲҲκˣһ·͸ޱȵϤС
ȻԷɹ֣ĬӦԼѾԷ§УΪϲҡװ˯𣡡
Ĭһɣһۣҹ͵͵ҷʲôȻҪץȻģ䵽İҹȴ˵Ŀɰ
㡣
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ûмôȻĻش𣬱˰ҹ˯͵͵˷䣬ܾô֡
źߣңʲôÿģԺв֮ǰСǶĬĸ룬ϹйŮһңȻкܶ಻ĵطĬҲĻͷˣѾˣԻȥˣ
ƲԴȥİҹĿ⣬ȻĬĻᵣģԼһͰİҹˡ
һûпİҹĿһ˲˲شǰСˣƺ¹֮£Ĭ˼͵С
ǰɢһͷī毺õգһĨո˶ĺΣ΢΢ĿԼҹջ
˺һϢĬϤζƲסѻС˸ӿԼͺҪѶԷԼĹһ㡣
ĬһİҹʲôǱΪ˵ϷԼ
ˣҲˣҲˣԻȥˣĬһİҹļһ˵ûӡ
ƽҲˣԼᱡˣô˵ûغͶԷ
ȻİҹӦ
İҹ𣬰ͺûҪǵСӣڴ˵Ļﲻ뿪Ĭͷˡ
Ǻݺݵس˳飬ĥǺǣô㹻İҹ㹻˰
ô㹻
İҹһ֮ʵжĬչʾô⣬ᶨ˫۰Ĭһ˱ڻУĬӦתԼȻѾİҹϣ
İҹ
Ļ˵ڣ籩һĬڸסĬҪ˵ڵĻ
ݺݵصɴ˫ۣǲ˼飬˫ȭǰűŴĿвһֻֿŸ
רģƺΪ˳ͷµ˵İҹҧһĬ촽Ĭʹһأʹ˳ɵĺԷĿǻͬдһ޸衣
ĬѾȫסˣĸİҹĿܣȫһֻѾѱèһֻɵ㶵ĸİҹĽ
ղܣֱҪ˵Ľ࣡
ʲôʱİҹôˣ


366 ҹߣ1
ĬһôƬ̻ȥ£Ի£˫Ҫϵ˸ƿԲôȥˡ
İҹݺݵشŴ˻СˣһıȫʢˣĶĬӰƺѾ㹻ֻҪÿ춼ܱͺá
ɿĬ˫֣Ĭǵõ˽ţݺݵصǰһˣɱˣһİҹѾ̵˨ˡ
İҹ㵽ڳʲô磡
ĬݺݵشŴиʹԼղžȻİҹǿҵĹ֮£ͽеͶʲôҪһĬ˵Ҳֱͬˣֱ˶ˣ
ˡõİҹԺ˵§סĬļ򣬡㣬һľͿġ
İҹĻǰ漸ĬԲѣÿİҹĬߣʱֱ˯ĬˡĬѹİҹȻܻ˯ĬߣĬ⣬˵ǲá
ȻͺϰһİҹϲĬӰ˲ȱʲôһ֪߽Ĭķ䡣
ĬѾİҹ⻰סˣİҹ˵Ļʾزš
㣡
ĬİҹԼķ͵Լһ֮ߣȫûҪ뿪ӡв߳ŭһסİҹĸ첲Ҫϳȥ
İҹҪ˯ҲԼ˯ȥҵķʲô鰡
ĬеԼŮ˵Ծԣ֪Ϻһ˯һ⡣
ĬעҪʧˣָոմİҹļϣҪһֱӰԼһѹ£ã
㣡
ꡪİҹһĶ޳ָѹĬĴϣܵĬϤζİҹоȻֱĸоˣԣʱ䲻ˣ˯
˵˻ľѹĬ˯ˣ˯ˣ
Ĭݺݵصһһƥڶʲô˼˯ˣôҪô죡
ιİҹ㲻Ҫ˯㲻ҪΪװ˯ͿˣĬҪƿˣܺú˯
ôǰûоİҹԭǸôҪˡ
ǳĺ೤ƽȣǲһĨЦݣֻǾǽؿסĬļ֮΢һ£Լҵһƣ˯
˯ˣ
Ĭѹֻзİҹ˯ˣɫ۽ǣȥѾкüûкú˯ӡ
һ̾Ĭܹף֮ǰΪԵ飬İҹȻûкúϢˣֻε̾Ϣ˭Լ᲻öİҹġ
˭˵ֻİҹϲĬĬûİҹôġģôܻ
御ŵİҹļ򣬾ͺһĸԼĺһ
˯ɣҾ
Ĭ̾Ϣһһıú
һ˯Ҳ˯ҲҪ̫࣬İҹѾ˯ˣܲľһҪİҹɡ
ĬԼûз֣İҹʱԼеĵ߶Ѿúܵͺܵˡ
һϣǺİҹһܣĬҲûк͸һȻҲۼ˫ۣ££ԼıӣһİҹĵĶĬԼҪԼжˡ
ԭĬԼͻȻһˣϻ˯žȻ෴Լ˯üãһʱ䣬˯ˣ֮ǰ˯øá
иˣԼΪϤˣĬȫһˣָоҲǲ
ߴԷ೤ĺĬ˯ŵʱϢɡ
ʱԭѾ˯״̬İҹ˫ۣתĬķһ˯ӡ
֮ǰİҹȷ˯һᣬǳߣĬѾǾ˶İҹˡС˰˯գİҹɸоԼһĶǱһ
İҹԭֻҪĬ֮Լķ䣬ȴһ㶼᲻뿪ˡСذĬԼĻᣬǰŮ˱ԼⱲıһ
Ĭ˯ܺãҲûԼϤεζҲ֪εʲôǲ΢΢İҹĻкߡ
ĳ˯ˣİҹȴô᲻˯š
Ժÿһ§еǸ˰Ȼ·棬Ҹˡ
İҹҲ֪Լô˯ģȫ硣


367 ҹߣ2
峿ĵһĨأ˺ҹػů
Ĭ΢΢˫ۣһƺԼ˯õһϣȫ¶˾ѿһĨõĻȡƺĬѾ߻һ˵Ĵڡ
Ĭ˫һİҹȻҲ˹˽˫ۣҪĬʲôӦ
ĳ֪СȫĴڰ
İҹȻԼķʽĬĴڣ˫һ˳ưĬ§УȻȻĶѾ˺ܶ飬Ѿγһϰߡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣Ϸ飡
Ȼİҹô˯һϣ
ʶҪһҺӦ˫ס촽Ӳѹ˻ȥֱҪˣô
ĬҲ֪ԼӦηӦźá
İҹ˯գһǱһ£ò˵İҹĺ˧ĽëһɷɻζµĲĿ
ԺÿһܼһˣҲʲô¡
ںԲЩʱҪǣҪôİҹѡ
СһİҹļĬҲ֪ڵʲôʱˣİҹˣȻʹˣ
ҹѣʱ䲻ˣ
ȻİҹӦ˼ҪĬС˻ô
ĬΣ΢ΪԼôƭղİҹüҶ˶˻װ˯
ĬҲеС˼Լѹ龰Ժи֣ôҲֻܾһ˱ѹ
İҹװ˯ȻǲˣҲֵΪΪʱ
һҲŰİҹѣԼҲûʲôڣʱıˣҲģ  
İҹ˫ۣв²Ĭ֮ôʱĳСһסԼ˫ۣһԾѹϣһֻɵСһ㣬Ĭһ㻹ôװ˯
İҹһŻû뵽ĬĶһͣ˫ۣĬ⣬вΣĬҪʲô
Ĭһ飬ʲôҪʲôԼж༢һݺݵصһİҹаһЦǺǣ˵ҪʲôϵмּĬҲǳͷҶһ˵⻰
ҲƶİҹҶԼֵ飬Ĭ⶯ҲҪж󵨾ж󵨡
İҹһһ˵СȥԾжһĨŨŨѹ֣Ĭʱİҹûʲô
ȻĬȴûоʲôãòİҹ˭ϣİҹǱķòԼҲֵˣ
סİĲӣشһҪж๴˾ж๴ˡźߣ˭ˣĳС˱үĴ
Ĭҧгݵ˵İҹǶŵˣȻֵһ¶Էʱ
İҹֻϵȫĳطȥ˲һСϻһĨȻĬ
һصĺڷ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣İҹѹ£ԭֻһл£ȻİҹķӦĬˡһ죬ȻзӦˣ
طֵĬ˼ˣĬСӣ֮ȺĶʲôȻײˡ
һʶԼǰŪˣԲôȥȻʱԿĻԼ
ʶƲȥİҹѹԴףֱڷȻĬԼƲסԼһת˵İİҹ˵ˡ
ʱ䲻ˣʦһѾڵˣǻǿɡ
˵ĬԼٶȴİҹϸȥԼҪԼķӦˡĬݺݵصͷΪԼӹһٶиˣȲƺһжЩˡ
ôԼҪˣô˵飡
İҹһĬӦֱ۱ץסһҽİҹĻУ˸ĪĹʣģĬо͸ӿֲˣСԴ
İҹлú˵Ȱҷſ
Ǻǣ֪£ȥˡĬѵ㲻Ҫ𣡡İҹһ޳ʳָĬ°ͣǿĬԼ⡣
ĺеӳԼӰӣɫͫĶӰӣĬʵֱ㳹˽ȥİҹеԼ
ĬǺһСһͷīɢӺÿˣж͸һϢ
ĬƵڶ֣һָ޷ܵջ
ˣҪôƻˣ


368 ҹߣ3
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ģǲ֪ҪηӦˣİҹҪҪôˡ
Լûзֻ֣ʶص˵ͷš
İҹһЦɹƻĳСˣǻĳ硣İҹѾԼⱲеᶼǰСŮϣ֪ôȥȻİҹԻƲסԼ
ڻʱ䣬Ĭ嶼ûȫĬܵһˣŲİһ˷Ҫλðɡ
ĬĶͷһǣģֱҪĬһĶˣȫƲס
ҹ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ע⵽İҹ͵°İҹȻ׷ſԼİҹһĬļһɵʲô˵Ҫ𴲳Է𣡡
ԷԷĬͷ޲˦ԼһˣղʲôȻһˣʵҲûʲô˵ġİҹ֪һЦԼ
ĬĽڲ٣أ
һˣúÿһ㣬ôһУ
ؾĬԼҪԼˣаԼһõɣһİҹ̫ˣԲŰԼˡ
ԺһҪԶһ㣬ȻĬҪԼˡ
˵ԼƲסİҹǿˡ
ʰԼһţӭ鼤Сһ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ǼôվͻȻʶʲôӿףղİҹڷ飬Ƕˡ
Ҫ˵СǼΣҲ뵽ĬȻİҹ˯һϣûĻĬӲϹİҹȴǸѹġ
ͻȻС궼еİҹˣҪ֪Ǽ˴ûΪŮӵԾԣ˵ԺİҹǸĬŰˡ
ҲҺĬ֪СʲôȻҪҸضԼˡ
ǺǣǲҪ룬ǣǡˣϷʲô飬Ƕ֪ǳȥɣ
ĬЩĶˣԼķ䣬ǵŵˡ
Ŀ⿴ڷ·ˣһҪǼˣɲô׵ģߺߣ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԴİҹ̬ȶǲֵʱ򣬿İҹﶼ˳ۡ
İҹʱ䲻ĬߣĬֶһֻްŵģΪֹܹĬѡ
ǺǣҹˣǲҲҪԸԸϹϲģô죡
㣡쵰İҹ޿ֵӣ͸ˡźߣһ˰ˣǼҪʲôûУǱѹģ
Բκˡ
˵ҲİҹʲôӦǳĬķɱȥˣȵѽ
Ĭ뿪˷䣬Ҳʲôİҹǻشӷ˳ȥ
ˢ
ӭҹһȭͷɪɪ磬ɱˣȫҪİҹ֮ء
ȻİҹҲǳصģȻ˹˺һ˳ܿ˶ԷĹΪӭ϶Է
˽һбȫûκĵطǲѶԷͲ֡
İҹһֵжԷѨ˵սͣ
㣬ʲôİҹʶԷģҫһɱ֯ȴǸĬߣòлɡ
İԼȻȲİҹԴȥİҹĿ⡣
ҵܲţ
İҹĿһİǹһЩԼĬ֮Ĺϵһ̾Ĭǳɹһˡ
ʱж룬Ĭײֻһ˿ԿĬõһ棬Ҳ˲鷳
İҹҲİ̬ȣںǸɹˣĬһ˻Ķϣڱ˶ˡ
ǺǣȻҫҪʲôҵȻǹܲţҪĬҾһҪˣĬǵˣİҹɫһ䣬ɢһɺΨҶơ
İܵκ˵вӲ˵İҹˣиһ
ĬʲôˣҪ͸ƾʲôĬİɱһĿ⿴İҹڱİҹѨãһѾȥͶԷŤһ
İҹһ㲻ð׷ҶҷѨİ취岻ϲܺΪӡ
ɵãİҹҲöȤζԴİҹӽ֣Ǻİȴ˵ǵˣһС
ôԴУȻӲ
Ĭʲôˣ㲻к˯һ𣡡
İѾ֪ˣ⻰İҹ׿˵絶޲Լݺݵ˦Լһơ
ĬѡˣʲôãİҹұûиĬĶˣһˣ
쵰ҪĬ檣ˣ


369 ţΨһ1
İҹ΢΢һ㶣Ҳû뵽İȻ˵⻰Ĭ˭ҲܴģҪ˵檣İҵΨһķˣİҹίĬ
İҹУĬκ˶ܴĴڣҪǣӦķЩֻĬǰĽŲϣԼǸĬչ߷ɣͬʵˣ谭ǰϵˡ
ò˵һжѾ˺ܶ仯
İҹһмںͱ˽ʲô
оͰĬĴڣҵΨһұҪػˣ
İ΢΢㶣ѵİҹе棬úİţİҹû˵ѣ˵ȷǰĬһǳҪĴڡ
ȻΣҲ˿ı䲻İҹܸĬݵĽһв˵ĺˡ
һлһĨŨŨĳǺǣҪδޣ֮Ĭ㵽ƭĬƭԼ˼𣡡
İҹ֮ǰδˣӣʱĬӦô죬ûĬ
ϺİĳӵĿ⣬İҹһͣô֪δޣ
İҹԼȻҲ֪δ޵顣İҹɺݺݵؾס˺İ죬˭֪飡
˵뷨İҹܲˣҲ⣬ҪĬġںİ֪飬ôĬǲҲ֪ˡ
İҹһʱ֮Ҳ֪ԼǲҪĬ֪ǲ֪
Ĭ֪δޣȻװʲô鶼ûзһĸİҹеˣԼĬеĵλѵһ㶼
Ĭ֪Ȼİҹѹһ
Ȼİ仰ȴǺܺõİҹһҪץʱ䣬ѶˡĬ֮ĸκ޹ؽҪ
ްɫ䵽İоͱ顣
˳忪˱İҹѪһƿİҹļ򣬡Ǻǣİҹ㱳ĬЩ飬أ
㲻Ҫ˵İҹĿ䣬жԺİʵҪ¹һȻĳɹ忪ˡ
ǺǣҺ˵Լĳ飬ѵᵣ˵𣡡
İİҹвǰ˺ǰ˾ϵһ𣬻һģһ
һ󼤶ݺݵս˫ȭĿ䣬İҹҸ㣬üֱȥĬ˵ģҾԲŹ㣡
İ棬ǰûܱؿ˾ģ䵽³ǸˣֻҪİҹһ㲻ãİȫ԰Ĭߣһ˭ҲҲĵط
ᣡİҹ
ߣȻİǰ㲻İҹĻȻȴǱĬ˱һҪƵĬ顣
Ǻǣ˵ᣬʲôأĬϤǺЦ䵽İϣİԭûߣֻˣ
Ĭ貵⣬֮ǰİҹǰź׺˲ʧֻʣᣬǲ㣬ְҴ򷢻İȫˡ
İףƾĬʵѾȫҪıİҹߣĬӲıֻϧںİΪĬߣѾ˵ˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷΪˣİɣҲµģİȻҫţ˶ãһҪæ
ƺϵĬ˵⻰Ĭİҹ֮ȻҲûԱߵıҪ
УȻ㶼ô˵ˣȸһںҫŵ㣡
˵ӰϣҲİӰ
ÿ죬ߵҲ졣Ĭ΢΢ҡͷİҹʱҲһ˿Ρ
İҹǰһϲĬ̫Ŀڱ˵ϡסĬĸ첲ȥԷôֻˣ
ѽ߰ɣ緹ȥҲӦûָѵˡ
ĬװʲôûзģԼúˣȻƽ
İҹһʱ֮䵹Ҳûע⵽Ĭһ΢΢ͷüģȻлԼҪôĬ˵顣
ã߰ɡ
Ĭǰȥ
Ĭд飬ֻҪһ뵽İҹڼﻹһδޣԺпƲסĸֳ֮ǰİҹ뿪ôһʱ䣬ǲǾǻؼȥδˡ
һ룬ĬɸоԼһɵһİҹҲﶼ˳ۡ
ĬҲûжã⼸ҪߺúɡҩһմĬȥþͿ԰İҹشϳȥˡ
Ĭһڵľ²ʺɡ
İҹоѣĬĬô롣Ĭѡ񣬲ܺĬһ


370 ţΨһ2
ĬתתİҹĵĿ⣬˵İҹлǻѡ
΢΢Դ˼ģ̧ͷİҹǣ΢΢ȻѾ˾
ʦԼ˼еķ˰ˣԲҪǿǲǸոƳɹ˱¶ʦҲӦüȥλѲŶԣ⼸һȼǿϵѵɡ
Ĭ⻰˵ļΪҩϵĶô⡣뵽£һ¾㱸Ȼôһ˿־壬ȥԵ¡
֪ԼһɱǶʮʱ䣬ھĶӶѾܴˣ˶֪Ѿָо²á
ţĬͽԼչ˺壬Ī̫ۣԼģҪϧҩԾڴˣ治ܹˡ
ͷİɣĬߣһῴŵġİҹһ¶裬ܾҩϺĬƵҩⱳ⡣
ĬһԼչ˺Լ˭Ҫ㿴š
ǹҪİҹȥй뵽İҹڼﻹһδޣеƽ˵ĻҲô
İҹšüģĬôˡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ˵ûУҿеˣʱҲˣϹǼҲӦÿʼѵ˰ɣҲȥˡĬʶҪرİҹĸо
ʱİҹʲôԵĵط͹ˡ
ţҲãҲмûȥǼѵ߰ɡ
ĬԼܾ΢΢ͷţеģ߰ɡ
ȻĬϲ¶Ѿ¶޶
һͬ߳ޱĬİҹһ˶ʶ˵࿴ԡ
İҹĿǰ治ԶС֣ץסĬĸ첲߽С֡ĬšüģİҹɬѣİҹҪʲô
Ҹ㣬Ҫʲôİҹһ˲˲ضĬ۾
Ĭݺݵصһİҹתͷû£ҪȥѵˡһԸ˵ģİҹͷۣһתһ²ԾȻģĬԼͺİ֮ĶԻ
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˵ãİҹ飬ǰɵˣ
ǺǣôˣԣҶ֪ˣûǵĶԻİҹ㻹׼Ҷãİҵɵˣֻ˵㡭Ĭһʱݺݵصһİҹк޼
İҹһĬС˼Ʋס¶һõЦݡ
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İҹȻֳ̬ȣͲĬŸӲˬˡһֲ㣬ô֪ҵʲôתԴҲ뿴ģ
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İҹܸˣĬģڳԴ뵽ԣǿƲסһĨõЦݣ˵ĬĶͷȻҵΨһˡ
Ĭһò˵ԼȻǱİҹůˣ˻˵
ߣЩңȥδ˵ˣ
ʲôδޣҶûмֻ㣬ûκˡңλȥΪ˻飬мЩ鵢ˣҡ
İҹϲͱ˽ͣȻԵǸĬܶȫ˸ı䡣
뿴ĬΪѣӲԸ֮Ϊκᡣ
ģĬİҹĿ⣬һ˲Ǳ˽ȥѾİҹ⻰ͷߺߣһΡ
СģİҹһԽԽϲ
ãڻһܿͽ׮£Ĭ֪ˣȻİҹҪӿٶˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷǴӱŮ˹𣡡Ĭ˵˻Ǻһ˻Լһ㶼ۣ˵ʲôŮأ
ˮǧֻȡһưİҹһѾõõˡ
Ҳ֪뵽ʲôĬһ飬֣صؿİҹ۾ֹ
֮仹ʲô˵ģҪ˵ʲôֱ˵ͺáİҹĬߵ鷢£һ࣬Ĭһ죬ϻİҹϵ¡
źߣİҹϲˣҪ˵ĬɻǶ˵ģ
İҹԸԼºܾõδޣûѡԼⲻǳ˵ϲ˵ģ
Ĭס˺İҹ֪ԼʵǸŮˣҲһ鷳¡
İҹԭΪĬ˵ʲô֣صĻȻʳôһ䣬أϲ˻Ůˣţ


371 ţΨһ3
ĬɻһһŰƴСǿһȵ÷񣬸ܵİҹǲֵָĦһĸо
ŬƲ𣬡ߣ֪ʲô
ɵϲ㣡ѾİҹһζĬ˵⻰ƺ˵һ֮󣬺¿˵ЩҲúˡ
ĬϲģİҹԲԼԡ
ţ֪ˣ
ĬصصͷѾûİҹˣ飬תС֣ߺߣȥѵˡ
ĳ˴Ҵ뿪ıİҹ΢΢ĬǺˣ
İҹҲȥ׷ĬԭأԴɱ𣬡ɡ
ӰǼ˳ƴӺ֣İҹǰһݼ
İҹ֮ǰ֮ǰرһӰΪ˱Ĭİȫ
֮ǰĬˣİҹҲûʲôѯǣһлָƽˡ
ɣ⼸Ĭ߿зʲô£İʲôôĬߣ
İҹǸˣȻĬ˷ǳҪĴڣܲ߳˺ŮˡİȻѾİҹΣС
һ˶һۣǾȻ֪кİ˵Ĵڣȷǵʧ
ʧûб蹫ӡ
İҹšüģʾǼ˵ȥܿǷӦĬȻҫ׷ɱܺúõػҲǴ֮İŸĬİɡ
İҹֻްɫһвɺݺݵһʯͷ
¹ϴµĴûз蹫ӾȻҫŶϡ
ǺİĻһжˣҪ˵ǼֻҪİ֪ĴڣİҹԼһܾ쵽İĶ
һӣˣǶȥɣĬڣǻȥɡ
һһȻôŹǡȻĽȴǲһиѹǲҪ
ֱڿ죬ǣԺ϶©
İҹ׷ǵΣҲ˵ʲô
ȥɡ
Ҫ˵ʲôǱһȥֻҪ飬олתأÿҪֻзӡ
ѵȻơ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ʲôʱѧԺ˵ѵ鶼һǴ˼Ѫһ
Ҳ֪˭ȿĬΪԼǿˣǶһĬ
ʦ֣ѽ
ôһɤһȻҲ˳ƿ˹Ĭ
ĬҲû뵽Լܵô˵Ĺע΢΢ͷϻһĨЦݣţҲ඼ˣҶѵǣùңҹȥ
ĬһҪ˵֮ǰĬƾһ֮Ⱥ֮ȫѧԺ˵İȫѧжѾ˴Ӣ֮ۡǰĬԸ೤жҪĬȷǸѵõĺӡ
׿һһ죬ĬһԼ߹ףҪԼ˵
ʦ֣ǴҶܹ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣׿һ׻ЩӡӦܹµյСͽл׿ʦùˣѾûʲô󰭡
Ĭ磬ˣ
ϫԱ𣬸ղĬģǳ߹Ҳû뵽׿һ׻·ɱĬ٣ֵúܶŮӵϲϫףԼٲӰͣºܿͻᱻŮȡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷȻҲѾ֪ˣʱ䶨Ȼò˵ˡ
ҲҪ˵İҹãԵˣǲñ˽ӽҶ
ţⲻǺúõģ߰ɣȥѵ
ϹɺݺݵšüģҲ˵ȫȬˣôžѵˣѵǿȲͣԵİҹúչɣѵͺã
ĬݺݵšüģظܵϹų⣬Լǵˡ
ϹǺαءӭң߱ǡ
ҶǺòײżĬһ棬ȻϹˣôܿġ
ϫݺݵصһϹǰһסĬĸ첲Ĭ磬㲻ҪϹһһֱڳ磬Լȥѵ
ؾӮվϹߣȻֻҪĬڵĵطӮԵһʱĬġ
ϴȫ˰̫ˣŸոպãҲҪ̫ƴǿѵǿȾͺá
һǰĬģǹҲˡ
ϹƲƲǣҲ̼Ĭһ뵽ĬȻİҹһоһͲȥ
ҪйȴǲţҲֻܰҪĬࡣҪжж
һ֣ʱǶ˼֣
Ϲһ


372 ߵҵģ1
ϹûзӦֻһѳԼŶܵسأ֮ΪŶԷȥ
ĬֲǲޣôѾ˴룬ҲҺò˯˼ģʼʱЩ裬ܿǻָյĸо
ɪɪ磬߲ӰؾɧλϹı죬ҲȲĬĽŲ졣
Ҫ˵սʤĬҪĬˣⶼһΪѵ顣
õʱ䣬Ѿս˼Уǻûзֳ¡
ѵõһ֮ĽĬϹ𣬶ѧԱһһĸ֣ټĬ˶ϿȥںϹսҲٲָϹ˼
˿ϹȴǿĺףĬȻ
صشŴϹΪԼʵһܴĲΣսĬʱȴһȽԶûС
֣ǽⳡĶսĬ΢΢ͷϹѽ
ҲˣҸʰ·磬´һģϹݺݵս˫ȭʼ˼ĬϲİҹǲǾΪİҹʵǿԲĬע
ȻĬɲ뵽ôһṦϹѾ뵽һȥˡ
ãҵ㣡
ϫһϹ֪ĬǸոպãϸҪսĬⲻ
Ĭ磬û°ɣ᲻̫۰Ϣһ£
İңֲСӣԼûʲô⡣ҲõɲһԴѵԼıǡ
ȻĬԶǴеǿߡ
İҹʱĬϹ˵ĶսѾ΢΢ͷһ̲ţĬȥˡȻİҹĬĬеĻ䣬ǶǸµԶ
ĬҶİҹĿ
ǡĬὣİҹȥĿᶨ˸ƵĹʡ
ĬİҹѧԺ˹עټѾмûг֣һѵһ֣ͬ˻ע⡣
ȻǳڶĬİҹ˵𾴣Ҳķ˼
ӮĬİҹĬĽ֣ͷۣ֪Ϊʲôҿϴİʦ˽ֶսܾرĬ˵ĸо
⻰Ϲɺݺݵس˳ǣûĬһԡ
ȻϹкĬİҹߵһ飬Ҳ֪ˣȻΪĬҲ˵
ֻܰУݺݵصĬķܲܲҪôҡȻܶ˶ῴǰѴҶɵ
һϹԩĬûҪַʽԼİҹ˵Ĺϵ˵飬Ĺ£Ҫǣˡ
ֱİҹȷĬѾûκ⣬ϳٶҲޱȣûҪֵӡ
İҹĬȻҪӱ棬Ҫ˵ĬʵԭͱİҹҪһ㣬ǻʾˡǿҪǿԶŸߵܽ
֣أ˶ţԽÿ
ϫ벻ĬĬҪˣ
Ϲ˶սʼĿûдŲʱĵ㵽ΪֹǵĻãвòƺİҹ˽Ĭ
ţĬİҹĶ֡
أȻİʦϴҲˣİʦ¹ôħȻͬ졣
ĬİҹǿȭȻ˼ƽϡ
ˣİҹ΢΢һֳƣĬϵıķıѾĬĲ档
ˣĬȴЦñãǺǣҲһ
İҹ΢΢һ㶣ƺûĬ⻰˼ǵ֮䣬ĬȭһУİҹעĬָŵ룡
֮ǰİҹĬʱ㹻ʱͷ룬İҹأȻĬûô
˵ʤһеľȻĬ
İҹ΢΢ͷнܺã
İҹ⻰ǱʲôŶҪĬˣ˱˶ԼۡȻİҹһǶԼʵĿ϶
ǲǺԺҿ㣡
ĬҪ˵ġ
Ĭûİҹ⣬֪˺ŲƵ͹ǿӰĴھͿԿһ
ȻĬǸҪİҹȥˣ㹻İҹȼûгɹһ죬İҹ֤ԼĴڡ
İҹλ᲻Ĭ˼֣صصͷãҵһ죬ģ
ѾİҹһζĬ˵⻰ĸԸ


273 ҩͽ׿Խˣ1
˵Ĭʱİҹһ˫۾ô˲䱻һ㣬ϻһĨɫĿһתҩϾȵ⣬ԣ˾㻹㶼顣
ҩϲɺݺݵس˳ǣİҹ⻰˼ԼûãԶܰ
ƫƫȻҲɣݺݵҡͷǺǣȻǽɽв˳һһˣôһ˵ҶҲȤˣĻгСͽܹ֮ҽľˣ
ò˵ҩлǸӿԼѾ˵СͽĬʱߵĴæԷֶûмסھ͸Ӳ˵ͽˡ
ô룬ҩ϶Լǿ˶ŰʦѧգǵԼߣȴȫתһƴԼСͽȲ
İҹһߺߣ֪ͺá
ҩһѽʲôȥȽнɡתһ⣬ȻҩϾԼô˵ȥҪˡ
Ĭ
Ǽס֡
ҩϳһȣҩͯȵҩȰǸĬѧнɡ
Ĭ
ҩϵһĴ뵽ҵĶУе˶סˣھҩ϶Ѿ˵ĬԲټĬȥЩ˶Ѿôˣҩϵ涼ûм
һһĨ֮ģת뵽ղĬѾֱת뿪ޱǲ˵ǻлᡣ
ҩ΢΢ͷشһǡ֣תͷЩѧһһղҩ˵ĻҲ˰ɣ˭Ĭվҽȥɡ
ҩҲǵĬˣ⽫Ķ֡
սһᣬûվǰҩ￴Խͷһ飬˭ĬԼվ
ڻ֮ǰվĬԱߵѧվ˳˵ʦ֣ʵղŴ߳ȥ˾Ĭ
ҩ΢΢һ㶣ղŴ߳ȥǸǱԼϳȥѧĬҩϿҪˣ
ֵҩƬ̣ܿһĨâѾӦ֮ߣȻѾԼ뿪ȻҲֵܹͷϣĬԼҪᡣ
ãˣţҽȥҩϻػ
ҩĻػҩϳ鴤ǲԽӲˣҪԼİҹ涪ӡһ䣬˵Ŀ䵽ҩϣ˼˵Ĭҵı죬Ը뿪ˣ
ѹ͵Χ¶ȶ㣬⻹ҩҩ꣬һοôġ
ҩﲻһԴϵ̬ԽˣҩϿĵطһĨЦݡ
ǣسϣĬ̬ʵ̫ˣӶ˵ڸĬˮ
İҹ״ƳһǰŹҩͯһĨмĬΪˣĿҩϣҲᵱôֱ˵
ߣ֣ҵǸҪĬʲôˣҩһѾĬǱʶеӡ󽵵˱㣬ΪһɾͣͿʼΪ˲̫֪ˡ
ҩϵĿǣѾĬ˷ǳӡҩҲԷĲ٣һѾҩϣҪΪĵӼֱǳ˵Ρ
İҹƳһҩϣĬҩҲ
ǣûмšҪ˵̫࣬ͷ
ҩһѾİҹҪ˵ĻȻҩȻӶûˡˣҩĬǿҾ͸ҪжˣȥҰСӸй
ǣҩˡ
ȻٶĲʣҩﻹҪҩϵתȥĬһ
ҩ®ֻʣİҹҩˡ
ǺǺǣǾϼһǲϱǷģСӺôӰҩƲһϱһȻɲҪҲǸӣǲʵϣܿ
㿴֪ˡİҹĬžԵΣȫҩΪѵĬ
һҩһѿȥѱԼϳޱĬһҲҪжжˡ
Ĭ±˻ղż֤һеѧҲɲһΣ˺˵ĴȻǲһġǶѾôˣҲӰĬҩϣӵҩϵĻᡣ
Ҫ˵ΪʵľǰˣĬѾ˳ȥȴǺúõı˻ֱڴʶս˫ȭǼʣĬղŶҩϵ̬ȣҩôܻῴ
ɲһĬʵǿ˵ͱҩϸأ
ܱô룬Ĭûйϵһ߽ҩ®ѾԸоһ˵Ϣһʲô¡


274 ҩͽ׿Խˣ2
Ĭݼҩϣ
Ĭ΢΢ԴҲûпԷɫֱӳҩϵķ򹧾һҾҲ뵽Լʦļĳɡ
ҩһ˦ʾҩ£ԼϸشһĬǺǣĬ˵ӣаһʵ
ôŶһĨζĬ΢΢˳ǣȻԼ֮ǰıʦӺ֮ǰ˰
̬ȹⲻĬҰˣҩǰΪ¡Ȼҩϲ˵ôҲֻĬˡ
ҩϿڣİҹڿĬʱһ˫ĺǲܴӶԷŲˣǰһסĬ֣㿴ͷ˳𣬿ԵĻʦѧԺҲиӦ
Ĭʱûע⵽İҹȻҲ񿴵İҹϤףһɣǿƲסһĨϲЦݡҹô
һ̧ͷҲҩϿĬףǰһⲻԼ˼ҹСͽ𣬸˰˵Ķͬһ˰
ѽͽΪʦˣΪʦþˣҩǰһһļƻģﻹһսʱĸ䣬Ȼһһ
⼸²Ĭ֮ǰʱѾ˺ܶ࣬ʵǿ̫࣬ҩ϶ţԼͽȻаĵһȻеͽ
һ󼤶ҪĬһӵ
İҹҩĻᣬֻҪİҹڵĵط˭ҲҪӽĬһľ룬Ĭһתܿҩϵӵ
ȻİҹİҹڣȫõıϮ
ҩϲɺݺݵس˳ǣİҹĬ˵ദģʽ֪һ˲ʲôèɡ
ɲУ
ĬòײѡеĺͽŲܿİҹˡ
İСӣҷſҼұͽȻҾͶ㲻ˣ
İҹȫҩϵϣüһҩ˵˶ͬһ֮ǰҩϾ˵ܹеЩֻҪͽܣ֮Ĭԭͬһˣ
Ǻǣҩͷ֮ɲԼ˵ģҪĬͽܣкˣûáİҹһֱӵĬǽҴ֮ǰҩϵС˼
İҹôһ˵ҩҲɺݺݵšüģͲ˼
İҹ㲻ҪϹ˵ҩ϶Ĭ¶һЦݣĬ㿴ΪĵСͽΪʦô᲻Ҫأһֱڵңǰȵˡ
һʦҪôͽԼСͽܣҩܹҲͷһˡҩҲǸСֻҪԼˣŲֱֲֵģи˱ʲôҪ
ĬҲܹµҩϵ˼΢΢ͷжԼʦͦģҩҲ
һİҹĸ첲ʾſԼ
Ȼв⣬İҹĬ˼ſ˶Է
Ĭߵҩǰһ񣬹ڵأģǿҩ϶ЩۡѾµĬⷬжĺ壬ҩϲûֹĬĬһݣãܺá
ͽĬݼʦ֮ǰûɵİʦҲȫˣ֮ͽ
ǰĬ£Ҫ˵ҩϲ˵ǸҪ˶ã½ϵһĵҩʦͽĬ
ʦҩȻһʱĬοЦݡã̫ˣȻΪʦĹͽ
İҹĿĬ˰ʦ񣬾ҩϵĵӡ
ߺߣѾʦˣҩϣܲôСͽܵļûаɡͿʼĬҪˡ
ڻûмĬʱҩ׼ˣڴͳһ򣬽ĬС
Ĭ֮ǰΪʦǷѾ˰ɣҩȵӦѾգǷصĶһЩȽϳĵҩӣǸӸ߽׵ĵҩӣΪʦôľᣬȥúɡ
ĬǰһԼΪҪĶĬʱʱʱѾԼƿҩϵŶȻԵõͻơ
ҩǰһ񣬡Ĭлʦ
ĬƺĺⶫİҹҲ˵ˣһˣȴĬҪġ
Ҫ˵õľҩˣڿĬ֮ϵЦݱôڲסˡ
úãĬԺҩĵմӣ˱ޱҩɣޱĵȨе㣬ЩҪĿβȥҲա
ҩǽɫĬȻҲԼòһɽĸо


375 ѣѩˣ1
ޱ
ҩһ࣬һѧԺ֪Ĭİҹ֮ĹϵȻһ֪ġҪҩʶ˵飬һҩϻڹ
һ˲˲ضĬİҹǾȻһˡ
뵽ĬԵʱİҹֳĹֵĹģҩϾȻˣ
֮ǰҲĲ²⣬Ǳҩϸˣֻ˵֪ˣֻû뵽ôĿŵ˵
ݺݵšüģǵʱһģ
ĬоöԲʦûмҩڵģЩ˼ҩˡ
ʱİҹĬһС
Ĭǰҩ֮ľ룬ĿᶨĬ޹أջĬҪ˵ʲôֱӳҰɡҪ˵ҩĬʦҩϲѯǣˡ
ߣ֪СӣûΪĬǹԺñôĬҩϺݺݵصİҹǱҩϷеĺ󱲣ƽʱʱȫģһᾹȻ飡
İҹĿһ䣬һᱣĬԲκ˺
鲻һ˵飬ĬӲİҹһеЩ飬˵ѧԺ˻֪İҹԼһ飬ҲΪ˵˳İҹûֱӹϵ
İҹվ˳ʦҪֵĻ㻹˵Ұɣ֮Ĺϵ
ҩϲͷ۲ѣͻȻô˵ȥǸȡֵˣֹĬİҹ˵顣
ô嶯£֮⡣
뵽㣬ҩϾͲɺܻصİҹһۣĬеϵѵİҹҲô֣
ĬҲ˵㣡İҹú˵ˣ֪֪˶֪Ĭϲˣֳʲô֪ĬĴڣǻŹ𣡡ҩϺݺݵšüģӦ취ֹ˵ܡİһĬĴڣδ޵˰οĬǸˣ
ֵԭһԹһ谭ѵһûпǹ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ԭİҹδ޵飬ҩ϶֪ġ
ʦҲ֪ҹδޣôȫֻĬ֪İҹѾδ޵ˡ
ҩϵ˵ͷԭĬܵɱΣһῴĬҲ֪İҹĻ£ôôǵ顣Ĭҩ϶Сͽ᲻ôҲ᲻ĬΪʦĻİҹþۺɢ岻Ǻǵģ
ǺİҲ壬ҶϲƽϡǲİҹôǾԻĬ
ҩϲվĬ߿ǣĬʦһİҹѾɱȥˡмôͿʼȰ˷ֵ
İҹĬҲл˺㣡ȻĬ֮ĹϵİҹȻҲҪñĬ׼
ʵİҹĬһ֮ѾʼΪһ׼
ҪϴζӣһҵĻԼѾˡ
ĬһҵȻˡ
ִԲִԲҪô˵ǲźãҩ϶ҪĬİҹ˸ˣǶ尡İҹİܣǵǻûʲô⣬ǿİҶܽĬɡ
Ȼһ¶˾ģǰ;жѾֻҪ˴˵ĸ鲻䣬;Բʲôıĵط
İҹһǺǣİİңңͶС㶩İңֲңͷҪȢţԼȥȢͺˡ˵İҲϲС㣬Ȣ˾ǡ
İҹԼļ壬һ鶼ûУȻûаİҷС
ҪĬ İҹİҲա
İҹ㣡ҩ϶֪Ҫ˵ʲôźãô꣬İҹİҵȻҲãҪѵһţİʲô顣
һۣһᾹȻ˵ʲôȰĻİҹĸߣİҹҲô಻ƽĴ
Ҳ˵ʲôˣǼȻѾˣôһ˰ɣǸ
Ĭİҹ˶һۣǴӶԷпһĨء
ҩϸղŵ˼Ҫȥʲô˰ˣʶİҹ˵Ѿ̫ңԶˣ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣в뵽Ǹҩϻôǳɹ˱¶ȥεˡ
ҩϻҪȥǸ
ܿͱĬˣǸôܻʲôϵ
һźѩɽȥɢһɱζĬԽ϶˼֡¶ȣǼЩԲǶԷȴ


376 ѣѩˣ2
İҹ࣬Ĭ֪ҩҪȥʲô𣡡Ҳ֪ΪʲôԽǳѩɽȥİҹĪľźڴĸԽԡ
סѩɽɽˣ׻˭
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷȻѾˣǺܿͿԴˡ
ǹȥ֪ˣһҩ˵ҲǺҪˡһĬ쳣϶
֪еľȣȻҩһûаҪ͵˼ԼҲǺܵġ¶ƳɹҲѾһʱ䣬ҩһֱûø·ãҪĬİҹ飬ҩҲ¶ġ
ˣǵˣ
İҹԭأŲһɾŮˣѩˣڱϰ˯գƺǴ˵е˯ˡӲվԭأǰţ¾˶Էġ
ĬȵĻŮ˾գһ۱ǲܿƵıŮ˵ոˣ֮ٿŮ˵òȻİҹż֮˵İҹ֮ûʲôϵĬ˵ʲôţ
ôŮ˻İҹ˭
İҹݺݵս˫ȭȻ
֪ῴŮˣİҹ˵ʲôݺݵһĬߣ
ƺһӵʱ䣬İҹ˵һּս뿴Ůˡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ԼӦѾİҹɽ
İҹſݺݵšüģó˵Ƿǳ⣬һȭͷԱߵĴͺ񲻻ʹһѪ˳ȭͷĬۡ
ҹ㲻ҪǸŮġ
һ²⣬Ĭֱ˵ڣİҹʹܵӣв̣ǰһرסİҹļ򣬡ˣʲôҪˡҹ㻹ң
Ĭ֪İҹΪʲôڿǸŮ˵ʱ˵ķǿžͻĬеۡ
˿̵İҹͺһ˵ĺһ°վԭأ¶͸һĨ룬ĬҪģ
ܲ˵رסİҹҪԼķʽİҹԶվߣ뿪
İҹлһĨ⣬ǻسǲһĨĻȣţһ㡣һˣǸԼĸĺӣĬڣ
ǰСİҹƴԼҲҪػ⣡
İҹڻָǣĬ΢΢һҲɿסİҹ֣ţ˵õⱲӶֿģ
ʱĬİҹ˵õİ
İҹ΢΢סĬĸ첲һֱסĬļԴĬļϣɳƣţ㣬͹ˡ
ĬŶĶۣᰲİҹĺ󱳣֪İҹʹࡣǵԼİҹһ֮ĬазģãҪİҹ֡
ǹһʱ䣬İҹǰɿסĬĸ첲ȴĬ
ѩɽ¶ձȽϵͣȻ壬İҹ᲻Ĭо䣬סĬԼĻ
Ĭ벻Ҫ¡
ĬӦþǽİҹΪʲôôԭ˰ɡ
ֻҪ˵ҶˣǿϢһ£Ժ˵
ȥʹ飬һ׵飬Ĭñİҹ
İҹһĬⱲ˵ˡ֮ǰеѹֻΪĬʱ򣬸оҸһҲֵõġ
İɣûô㡣
Ĭסİҹ֣ͷãأ
֮ǰиСкԼҸĺӣΪĸȫ°Ůˡһ죬е鶼ıˣĸװˣļˣôˡ
СкԸţĸ׾ȻҪԼ飬һһڼſڵĸ׻ؼңֱкۻȥûмĸס
ӴҸļҾôˣһûĸ׵ĺӣҲ⵽ġк֪Ϊÿθ׿ͻƲס뵽ǵĸףޣźԼĶӡ
кܵ׵Ǽ˶кֱкĸȢһŮ˻ؼңһµĶӣкŻᱻǳ׵ˡӴкףֻûĸףҲһ𱻸׸ˡ
ԵĻкԸÿ챻Ҳùİҹ̲ƽͺ˵һ޹صһ
ȻİҹԽԽĬеۣ§סİҹļַֻʽİҹҪů


377 ѣѩˣ3
ĬİҹкԼ
İҹҪһĬпһܵӵүǱһͨ˶磬˶Թ۸һѡ
İҹĸµӻкӣİҹ͸ǸԵˡ
İҹ˵Ը״Ȼô򵥵Ըʵ֣ǳױ˸ˣĬɸоԼһĶô˲䱻ݺݵؾʹʹ᲻á
Ժ󲻻ˣһжȥˣһжȥˡ
Ĭ֪ڰοԼڰοİҹˣ顣
İҹһǰһжȥˣǽ쿴ǸŮˣȫȥ顣Щˣͳͳİҹ۷İҹĸףҲҶİҹ˵ʲôĻ
İλãİɸģİҹԼģ㹻ĵҪ뿪뿪ˡ
ԣһжȥˣ㲻ѹڲǶܺ㣬ڻҳʲôûˣ
İҹ§סĬ⿴Ĭ۵ףȫĬκӱܵĵط
ǺȫΪУĬҲãΪǰ˶ֵõģ
ѾӵõˣҹôɵôòҪ㣡
ĬԼʵжİҹʾԼľģסİҹļֻҪİҹԼ˵Ҫ˵ĻĬⱲӶſˡ
һӵʱܳȻǸˣȴǼΪ׵顣
Ƕôˣãã˺Ǹñ˴⣬ܹԼˡ
İҹĿá
ѩɽۣ֮ɽ
ҩϲɺݺݵšüģ֪İҹôԵһֱᡣҩҲԹܶ취ҪİҹĽᡣ
Щǳ£ĻİҹѾһصĽҪİҹţҲһ׵顣
´İ뿪ҲҪȫİҹ˼ֻ뿪ˣЩ˲Ųİҹ֡
˵İҹԼԱסİҹôĸԸžһĸ׵ΰ֮ɡ
̾Ϣһ£ҹӺܺãʧҲ뿴ҹ˰ɡ
ҩİҹ֪ȵ·±¶֮󣬵һҪ˾İҹСӣǰİҹ˹
ֻһʱ֮Ҳû뵽İҹȻôķӦ
ˣİҹĬڣʲô顣
ҩϺݺݵһĿ䵽µϣʱŮ˾գԶϵŮ񣬾ǱߣƺѾѩɽںˡ
ǵ˱ѩڣŮѵʱ
ҩϴӿڴͳһ׼õıѩ¶裬СطŵŮ˵ߣҩڼոշŽ¿У˳Ǳˡ
֪öѾƷʵı¶һ԰ѵ¾ѣȻȴĹ̻ҩϺݺݵһôȥµ
صȴ
ֻΧŮųһҫ۵Ĺâѩţ˱ǣҩҲǵһ㶼Ҫѩӽ䡣
ҫ۵Ĺâ˳ɽͷųȥȫ۾
ĬǶǲɱҫ۵ĹâˣдŨŨĲ˼顣
ǣ
ˡİҹκĿ⿴ɽķ
Ĭףİҹϲ˵п϶ǹĸ׵Ů˺Ҳġ
ҲΪİҹԸ񣬲ŽĬиϲһ档˽İҹˣ࿴İҹһ棬ȻĬȴİҹⱳһ档
һ˿˶ǲһģǸ֮󣬿ԷʲôǺõģ˵ľ
Ҳ֪ʦǱôˣҪҪȥ
Ĭ֪İҹһҪȥģֿ϶˼˵ڡ
İҹ΢΢ͷãǹȥɡ
Ѿɽſڣô˲䣬İҹȴǲǰѾǲԼжûмŮˡ
ǲһĨЦݣŮһʶԼˣȴǿƲסĽź͵ġ
ҩ϶ǰ˫۵Ůˣ̫ˣ£ˣ
Ů˿ҩϼ飬ɻ󣬲֪ϦǺϦͺܵ˹ƻһĿⲻתվɽڵˣһ类˲ĵյѪȻ
˭
ɳƵдһ˿ɻ󣬡ҹҹ
ĸ׵᲻ʶԼĺӣʮʱȥǵһ۵ʱǳɹϳİҹ


378 ᣬ£1
İҹһԭأȻϳԼһٸһǧڸԼҪȥȻ˫ѾܿƵسŮ˵ķȥŮĸףѪϤκ鶼治˵ġ
Ĭҩ˲һۣаһĸϵĳĬĬԼĴڸзŵ͡
ѾȷǰʵҹĶӣͺһ˲ʱ䣬ʱȥ꣬ҹҲһӳˣ
ҹҹ㣬㡭
ҪǰסİҹĪľ֣ĸ׵Ѿʧ̫ãİҹԸ
İҹһϳɫԽԽԣǸ˭
Ǻǣ벻㻹ϵңôôȥˣڲ뵽𣡡
İҹϬⶢŮ毺õգŮ˱ģڰڴϵŮΪһ壬ǱǸպŮˣôùȥӲûκκۼܵһ۾Ͱ˳
ҩ⻰Ȼʹı飬Ʋסվ˳
İҹĸףôô˵û㣡
Ȼҩ˵ʲôİҹˣỳҩǲǾǵĸ׸ߵˣȾŨŨĲм
΢΢ģôӣǵǸѽҾվأ
֪ĪĸİҹӷͲǡ
һʹϵĲʹĥȻڶİҹб⣬˲Ϳ԰Ůеαװͳͳܡ
ݺݵزĿ᲻İҹ̫İҹİҹ϶áʹûйȫİҹί
Բ𣬶ԲңĲǹģҡ
¶֪ԼҪνͣҲûҪȥͣ˺Ѿɣ ѾҪѵһ
˵Բʲô˼Բֲҵ˺ǿڸɷͺӵİҹǹҪȥõȻŮϤף˺ԱѾ˲ڡ
ûУû㣬İɺô˵ģôܻ᲻ҪҵĺӣºݺݵؾסԼ·ѣƵʹޣ۵ǻİâ
ѵѵû뿪İңѵûвң֪ôİҹʲô㲻ҪңԸʱ򣬾ң
֪һ仰¸еʹ࣬Ȼİҹǹģƾʲôֻһʹ࣬˶Ժúõġڿʹյı飬оȻֹ泩ĸоЩѾ̫ˣõİҹΪԼѾľˣԭˡ
Ĭݺݵšüģİҹڶ˺Լһʹ᲻ϲҹģ
ǰһӺرס˵ˡ
ҹ㲻Ҫˣһжȥˣȥˣ
ֻĬĻУİҹŸоһ˿ƽ΢΢ͷ᲻ĬΪԼġ
İɣ׵ģһжȥˡΪŮѹֵã
İҹĸףȴǱŮ˵ĳƺ
ҹܿˣΪﲻãңû㣬ҡ
ҪǰİҹӣİҹѾ˵ʲôƺվһʱ䣬һ˷
ĬǻȥɣﲻҪǡ
ĬȻʲôͦİҹģڵѾѹټҩԱ߿ţ϶ʲô⣬İҹģĬôĲ¡
ãǻȥȥ˵
Ĭ˴һкİҹѾȲסĬĸ첲ţߡ
ҹҹ㲻Ҫߣ
Ҫסİҹĸ첲ڲǸոѣܶûлָֻҪİҹҪ뿪¸סİҹ
ؿԼĶԽԽԶŮ˲ɸокǱݺݵһʹʹΪʲôҶԲ
ҩ᲻ÿԼòײŰѵ¾ѣɲΪ˿ŵʹѹı飬ǰһ
ʦã㲻ҪҪ壬ǰˣȥСӽ
ҩҲɶİҹŨŨǶԼĸʲôᣬİҹҲӦõ˵ôĻ
¶ҩϹĵĿ⣬ɻ󣬡һлҹ˵ԭְĸף
ƺץסһһŮĿҩϣҪһοĻش
ҩصصͷİɣҹһµĺӣôᣬȵǰˣġ
ģ ˯ʮʱ䣬Ȼױ¶ѣҲı䲻Ů塣
ղҪǿİҹ²þȫеѣһֻǰһڣ峯źֱͦͦصȥ
££ѣ
ҩʶס˵£Ů˵֡ˣصһ˯ȥҲѲˡ


379 ᣬ£2
ҩʹ಻쳹İҹҪװԼûЩˣĿĬĵĿ⣬ݺݵüġѵŮǳʲô鲻ɣ
ĬҲɺݺݵüģŮİҹĸףܳʲô飬İҹĵġ
˵²ʲô⣬¶ûжۣһж±¶趼ܻŮǾǴ鷳ˡ
ҹǻǹȥɣҵġ
ĻĬû˵ڣİҹȻҲףղŲǺŮ˳һܣ۰Ͱ͵߹ȥİҹȻĵĵµ
ƲԴ˵Ů˹飬Ҫǹȥ
İҹһǲΪģ
ĬΣһҪȥϾµöҩһҵĹͣвġҹ͵ҹȥòã
ţǻɣߣ
˵ԼŮ˵İҹܵǸĬĸ첲һ˲䣬߻ɽߡ
ʦôˣĬĿ䵽µϣŮ˺˻״̬ڴһֲʦôš
İҹȻϲ˵óҲܽŮ˵
ҩϺݺݵšüģȷ˵µǺݺݵһû£˯ʮʱ䣬ڸո̫֧˹ȥ
˯ʮʱ䣡
Ĭʱ䣬ɺݺݵסˣʮ꣬Բһʱ䣬һһҲмʮʱ䣬ȴһֱԵ״̬
İҹšüģʮʱ䣬ԲǴڶʮǰŮ˱Ǵİ뿪νİˣѵһ뿪ûжþͱԷˣ֮һɾǶʮʱ䡣
ʲôģ
İҹ࣬ܵµ
˵һĻҩϵİҹһۣİҹڹĵ£ʵ㶼˵£û㣬ᡣ
İҹ΢΢ҡͷȻЩͣҩϺ͵һģȻŮ˵
Ҳ飬ֻ֪ôģһҪȥлл˼ңҳһڶİҹôģ֮ȫ˵ԡ
İҹ㣬ôô˵ҩ϶Ҫİҹ̬ȸˣ޲ǰݺݵذ˸һ١
ǺǣӦô˵Ҫң
Ĭ̫Ѩһİҹҩ˶ŵģ;̫ѨͻͻţЩʲô塣
ˣҲҪˣûòҪѩɽ˱ȽϺãȻȥɣлú˵
Ĭ⻰˵ļΪҩİҹǶ˵µҪǵ顣
ȥٺúø˵ߣ
Ĭһİҹļʶĸоİҹĸ֮һʲôᣬﻹĸײҪӵĵ
ҹʦˣλ˴ѩɽߣⲢһ򵥵飬ȥһѰɡ
Ĭ⻰ҩϾͲˣʲôˣҪһ֡
ݺݵصһĬ⻹ûгݣĬ첲Ѿˣһİҹ˵
ҩףڵ˵Ŀ϶İҹˣȵȻѹ֪İҹԼһο
ţˣǽǰɡİҹ
İҹҲûоܾҲҪµĸװ
һ߹һѱ£ɽȥ
Ĭҩ˶һۣһȻĿ⣬ȻŶİҹܻĸװ֮
ŮޱİҹǱ˸ԼŮ˵ת˳ȥĬİҹ˳ȥ
ʦȥҹú˵˵
ĬһˣԭЩӦ˵Թɣóİҹӣûķ¹м䶨ȻЩһЩᣬˣܶİҹǵ¶кô
׷İҹţ˹°ıӰվԺ棬ͺѾǺһȻ˳
Ĭüĺݺݵҹǿ˵˵𣡡
İҹתͷĬĵĿ⣬΢΢ͷȰҵİɣȰңʵҶףҪ侲һ¡
ؾĬȰ˵İҹˡ
֪İҹһҪ侲
ĬǿˣҹʱΪ࣬۾ͶʱҲƭǡĻ͵ǸԼһᣬȥĽ͡ȻѡȨϣʲôҶ֧㣡
İҹһůͷţ֪


380 ᣬ£3
ҹҹôǲҪ˺һж
Ů˼ӷУҲһΪĸ׶ԺӵĹġ
İҹ䵽ķ򣬻ʲôᡣ
пʼ˶ҡĸ¶ȹѰʱ⣬ĸЦջİҹԶ᲻ȥᡣ
ŮһӴӴ˹Ķǽźʹģһʱֲ֮⵽ʵξ
ҹҵҹأ
ҩкݺݵһǰ鿴Ů˵ȴӲ¸ܾˡ
㲻Ҫңֻҹû£һֻ࣬Ҫ飬˭Ҳı䲻ľ
ҩϲһķİҹɽȥµľһǴġ
£侲һ㣬ڻҪơֻˣܼǸСӣ
ԵĻҩضҪݺݵذİҹһ٣ӵ
Ů˿һҩı飬˵ҲǺеȴǲԸ
ʦ֣ѹҷŲҹҶӰҲãûпȫ
Ůģҩϲһۣ£㲻ҪİҹѾˣôģܺãڻİҵ㡭
ҩ˵꣬ºݺݵҡͷʦ֣㲻ðοңҶ׵ģôҶߣһܿˡ᲻ãôˣҶûߡ
Ůԣİҹƽ
ߺߣѹ𣬲ãΪʲôҪ뿪
Ĭ׷İҹ߽䣬İҹϵʹŮ˵ˣһĶݺݵ
ѾİҹᣬҪһࡣ
ĸʲô֮Ƕһ˵ɣҹҲҪһࡣ
ԭĬӦòУԹۡ
᲻İҹ˼ⶼѾȥİҹѾˡ
ҩ̾Ϣһ£ܿˣһжȥˣҹҲǸµģ˵ɣûϵ
ȻҩҲһ֪ߣ֪鲢ࡣ
Ů΢΢ͷûеġ
½ҵˣ½ƼƼ¶ҹҲŮµĶҩ˵޵ŮˣŮһĨͣ۽˫ȭʹϮͷҲãʶ˲壬ȻЫĳŮ˵ǺѺýãҡ
İҹŵµ˵˵½ƼƼ֮Ȼ˴롣
ȻĬĹעȫһˡ
ҹ¶ҹҿĬҲǹңİҹжˣỹúõվ
ĬĹģİҹãĬԼȥϸϸز鿴һȷûжļ֡
ĬİҹĹģ˺һҹ
ǿԷģѾŮϵõ˽ҩҹµġ
ôƵĬȴܹĵŮҪ϶ܴӶԷϵõҩһҲǳ˲ٿࡣ
ôأôõ˽ҩ½ƼƼŮֶʲôΪʲôҪ뿪İңİҹӶѯʣѾԼеĽź͵ġ
һİҹ˫Ѿ˸
£㲻Ҫ˵еʱ䡣ҩŵĻǵµ塣
İҹȻҲǵĵµˣ͵ɣԺ˵ɣ㣬úϢ塣Ѿİҹò
Ĭ΢΢һжڳźõķչò˶ãǿ԰Ϳ
ȻºòײǹҪѹȥͳͳ˵ȵȥҲEȷԼǲǻѾᡣ
Ȼ˵ˣͳͳ˵װɡԵʦֻ¶ҩϵҽΡ
ҩΣУȰöʮȫˡҩ֮ǰƺõģǵ¸ոͱˡ
֪ҩΪԼ׼µģҲ룬ȥˣûˡ
½ƼƼ½ҵС㣬Ǹųҽҩ˫½ң½ƼƼ滹㣬 ƫŮ½ҲܵӡʱҺ½ƼƼȴãʱѾ޸㸸ף½ƼƼҲİҡ
뵽ʵĿĲңǳ㸸ġʱһЦҪܣȻŮ˿еȴҵɷ򣡡
ƽһΪԼ룬½ƼƼȴǶƣ˼Ķôµˡ
½ƼƼ½ҵˣҪԭݵĹϵ½ƼƼϰȴǶҩ
ҽҩ˫ң½һ־˵֣ôܹԼĺ󱲾Ȼϲʹöҩ


381 Թأ1
Щ黹±½ƼƼв֪ʱһжˡ
½ƼƼ½ҲӵС㣬ݵλȻǲܺλȣȴ½ƼƼ͸ӲݣԽרжҩо
³뽭½ƼƼʶµСŮкܶ໰ģҩȳŮҩķ涼ԣһļϣΪҲǲɱ顣
ûʲô󰭡
ȻһУʶ˵İҼҲİҹĸİɡʱİɱ׷ɱˣ¿ñȻǳҲپԵ
˳޽İҳİҵĵҷˣһжʼ˸ı䡣
ʱҲı䵱ľϲİɣమΨһĵطžǵ²뵽İʵǺ½ſͷϵĻԼ
½һŮ½ƼƼڵĻŮ˵Ļ½ƼƼΪʺϡʱ½ƼƼѾֱӰİɵԼδɷȻûеȵİ׵ϢİȴѾˡ
İɽĶǵ£Ǹʱʼ½ƼƼѾ˵°ɡ
Щһ֪ɷ࣬ܿ˺ӣҲڵİҹ
½ƼƼǺ͵±ϽܺãʱʱİҵɣȻҲİҹһЩϵС
ҲǸʱ½ƼƼѾʼħצºİҹ˰ɡ
֮Զʱʱټ½ƼƼİңȻʲô鶼ȥ½ƼƼ˵£֮½ƼƼҲῪԼ
Ȼڵ²֪ʱİܶʱ½ƼƼ飬Ǹ֮Ĺϵһ½ƼƼڿοԼһߣͬǱֳƽģյİɡ
֮ĸΪ½ƼƼеԵʣʼѷ죬ɣᡣ
һΣİɺ͵ΪһЩСºε±½ƼƼ̸ģȻһжıĿʼ
һյʱ䣬¿ʼͷĿѣ
£ûоúֱʱ򣬵жûлɹ½ƼƼǰʼֻӰתһ㣬ȫԼƣƤǧѹŵ˫ۡ
½ƼƼ΢΢£һ̫ˣƫԺúϢһ°ɣ˯һʲô鶼ûˡ
½ƼƼϤкԷԼںڰС
ȻȵʱԵȴԼⱲӶԸ⿴ʵ
ε£ˣ
İɾͺȫһһһ˦ڵµϣʹʹȴزͷʹࡣ
һƳ״˵£Լİˣʶ´˭Ҫ˸ߣİɣҽͣĲ֪˭
°ٿĪ磬ӴİĮ֪Լˡ
ǺǣͣҪʲô˵˲ʶûйϵε£Ҷ֪ôҪȴ·˵ɣҾģ
κθİɵĿ˴మˣѾȫΪİ·ʵǰİûа취ƭԼȥš
½ƼƼӰӺ֣дŨŨĲ˼飬£ô㲻˵ҪϢһ£ȳȥôô͡
½ƼƼĻʵ˵µԭİһҲȫʧ
ΪԼͶӲֻһССìܣ֮ǰ½ƼƼѹ飬ȻİɸšȻ֮ǰԵеξͺһЦһŮuѾˡ
İͷҲص뿪һжˣǸʱжûлɹ½ƼƼ
ⲻģûУûУ
ŮӺԺ𣬲ûš
½ƼƼǰסµļ򣬡£㲻Ҫ㣬һ飬һа
ʱ򣬵¾ͺǱסһݣţҲİңҪ
Ȼһô򵥣½ƼƼѾźһС
õ¼˵Ҫ»һףʵƴ֮ǰе֤ͳͳĨȥ˿ȥǵΪ˲֪Լĳ£ֺۼĨȥ
Ƿ֮᲻⿪Զعɺá
Ȼ½ƼƼ벻ǣۿεº˯һʱİɾȻҪԭŮˡֻҪε´Ӧ飬ͿԵʲô鶼ûз¿ʼ
½ƼƼܽܵĽѾĻΪܹε£˳ߵİɵߡ
ԭ½ƼƼҪ˵£ֻеˣпõİɣ


382 Թأ2
½ƼƼóľö֮ǰºµĲˮм仹ǿҵԻҩǵͨҩ˶ûз֣ʱ򶼲ۼ½ƼƼ֮
ؿԼİ֮ĹϵԽԽţҲǼУҪȥİ˵ǾǵԼվİɵĽǶ϶ûа취Լ
£Ҫȥʲô½ƼƼסµĸ첲ֹŵĽŲ
Ҫȥİɽ಻ţҶҪȥסε¾ǱģҲԻ뿪İңֲҪ飡
㲻ȥˣ㣬ıİɻǻԸ㣡½ƼƼݺݵս˫ȭʹޣ˵Ŀŵ¡
΢΢һ㶣û½ƼƼ⻰˼ʲô
ôһ˵¾͸żҪȥİ˵Ƿ֮Ӧúú˵ҪԼˣҲӦøԼһߵĻᡣ
ε£֪ĺĽ㣬İɻԸ㣬һ𣡲ûˣ
ǰŮ˾ȫһģһ㡣
ƼƼʲô˼ôûлˣ²һʲô˾͸о쳣֮һ䶼ûеĲˮټϺÿβ鵽ؼʱͻȻʧ˵еһжһԭ
ֱʱ򣬵»벻ɵˣŨŨĲ˼顣
ָ½ƼƼȫ벻һеΪΣ
㣬е鶼ģΪʲôΪʲôҪô
İ½ƼƼɺýã½ƼƼһתȴôʵǽܲˡ
ˣΪʲôΪʲôҪôΪɵ½ƼƼһƴ򿪵µĸ첲һĨмлļʣѾ˼òˣȴصϲε£ԭ㹻½ƼƼɱ
ǺǺǣҪòȥظɣǺǣӴԺİҵģĶҲܿȥ㣡½ƼƼ޶˵ԺҺİɻԼĺӣİҹҰְˣ
뵽Щ½ƼƼмѣһѾ̫ˡ
ºݺݵؾס½ƼƼ·ԣ㲻˺ҹʲôͳҪ˺޹ĺӣ
ĸ׵ıܣѾܾ綾Ȼȴƴȫеס½ƼƼĲӡѾˣôΪԼĶӳȥɣȵˣİܻеľ
ǺǣҪң㲻ҪˣСϻҵĶŶҩûҵĽҩİҹҪʱ䣡
½ƼƼѾ¸ϵ¶һĨħһЦݣûҪȥİҹ֡
İҹİɵӣİҹʲô⣬İһɣʱ֪Լ飬ʱ鷳ˡ
½ƼƼǸŮˣֻҪõİɣҪõ˵ġҪһ㣬ͱҪõİɵгʧ
һ䣬ֻԼͬھľģһ漰İҹһжһˣ½ƼƼֽɣҹѽҩʱ򣬵»벻½ƼƼɵˡ
ֻҪŹҹҾ뿪İңһ˭ҲҲҵĵطȻİԶܷңȻҲŵõҹ
ֱ²һ̣ƫƫץס½ƼƼߡ
ãҿԷŹСӣ뿪İΪǸű˽뿪İң½ƼƼǸŮˣ֪ôĽ˵ΪĽ
ãͬ⣡
Ϊ˱İҹһ뿪İң֮İ¶֪ǵķ˾ȻǸű˽ˣ¶İ˵һ޴Ĵ֮İɵԸ䣬һԼӡ
İɷѾûܹҵµ䣬һİҶµѹУİջɳȥѰҵµ֣Ӵε־ͳİҵһɣ˭Ҳˣö֮ҶŮˡ
½ǰһƬܳһᶼһֱ˵ĻУ˭Ҳ˵˸
ºݺݵһҪἰȥԵİҹŻᡣ
Ŀһ˲˲ؿİҹҹΪû㣬Щܿˣܲԭҡ˵µԽԽᣬкܶΣȻҲ˿ڸǲôİҹߵʵ
˵Ŀⶼ䵽İҹϣҲû뵽ʵྐྵȻĿ
İҹŵŮˣһвӿȴ˿΢΢
½ƼƼһʰҲ㡣
Ȼ̫ûнйĸƺںİҹȻԭ˵µΪŮ˱ôΪ˱ȫԼӡȻİҹȴһ㶼˽⣬ô껹ôá


383 Թأ3
²ҪİҹѾ˹ЩԹҲʱһˡЩεµ飬Ҫİҹ֡
΢΢ҡͷ½ƼƼŮԼȥЩһ˵뷨ҹֻҪúúõģΪѾܸˡ
ʵõĻİҹһĸףİҹ˵ѾԭԼԸ⻽һĸף
Ĭİҹĸ첲ŶõºǿŮʲôûˣʮʱȥ㹻ıܶ飬ڵ³İҹʲôûˡ
İҹֻһʱ֮䲻֪ôڣŮڴ⣬һᣬ֮ˣֻǻеĸͳͳ
ĸףúϢãʧȥĶͳͳǣ
İҹϡЩЩԭӦĸ׵ģǲҪˣҲðװױ˱ˡ
𻯲ϲãŴûԼȻˣûб½ƼƼʮͶžۣ
úúãΪһжҹģ
һĸױǰѵһĶˣŲİҹŮʲô޷˵ȥ
İҹŵµ˵лкܶ©ƾ½ƼƼһŮ˵ȫһİҶŪڹ֮䣬ⱳ»ĺ֡
ʱҲû˵ıҪ
úϢҩϻչ˺㣡
İҹҩҲһֱΣҩİңôİҹٰһжѾˣҩǳĸ׵ԭ򣬲ŻԼչˡ
ҩϺݺݵصһİҹСӣӵ۵ģҲ
ǵȻǵµʦ֣Ҳչ˺ѵչ˺㰡
İҹһҩϿȥ飬İҹС棬кüβͱİɸˣ˲ٹŰСӸ¾Ȼ
İҹǵµӣ֮ǰиԼˣȻҩϵƢԿҪİҹһۡ
İҹһҩϾķǣһҪлҩôչˣûҲڵҡ
⻹İҹһô֣µҩϵлƽʱʱ򲻶ҩͷҩͷĽţҩ϶Щϰİҹָıˡ
ߣ֪ͺãҶǿڵµϣСԺТ׾ͺá
İҹصصͷʾͬ⣬ǣҹмǵá
ǲϰߣܲϰ߰
ҩ˦˦첲ŵƣģۣˣһȥõºúϢһ£鶼Ժ˵ڸˣȻˣҩĿġ
İҹҲĸѾѹʵ֤ĽѾİҹ쳣㣬Ҳڴʲô
סĬĸ첲ʱҩϺĸף֮仹кܶ໰Ҫ˵
ãҺĬȳȥһ
ֱİҹĬ߳ţջĿ⣬ҩϣмʦ֣Щлл㡣
ҩܲ˵ģ
ҡͷʦ֮Ҫ˵Щ͵Ҳû٣Ҫ˵Ǹֱ˶ʮʱܰѡ
Ѿְο
ǺЦҩϵϴһ˿ԵԥֹģʵõڣҩѾϲµСŮҪʵˡ
ҪҴİɵɡ
ҩжЩˣİܹõİ˭Ҳ˵һȻ˭˭Ѿûκ塣
΢΢ͷİҹǰ˼ʳڣҩϾûѹú𣡡İɣİɻ˵Ѿȥ˶ʮ꣬Ȼڵ¶ԣļ仹ڵոմİҳģ
֪»ôʣҩлǿƲס̾ϢһİɣİЩúܺá㣬ҩ˵飬˵µġ
Ļʵҩϲ˵Ҳ뵽ˣʦ֣ʲôֱ˵ɣ׼Ȣ½ƼƼ
ѹҲ½ƼƼЩ飬Ϊ˵õİɡ
ûУİɸûк½ƼƼһ½ƼƼѾŻԵĵ꣬Ů˾ͼ޸˶ҵ϶
ǺǣǱӦ½ƼƼѾĻûܵóԸ޸İɣҲǿɿˡŮ΢΢Ŀ̹Ȼҩϵ⣬ʦֱ֣Ӻ˵˰ɣȢ˭Щɺã
Լոʱ򣬷Ȼһζ꣬ƺһת۵ʱ⣬ӶѾˣһ˷ǣ²Ż֮ǰһӽܲ˻ȥ
Ѿ׼
ȷû⣬ҩǻؿڣո뿪꣬İһֱ㣬Ȼһ½ҲϢġ½ƼƼŮ˾ȥİңǸʱİұţİɸǾܾκˡ


384 ˣ1
²һѾ߹Լö飬ҪģҪ׼ȻİɵϢ۾һӾͺˣ䡣͵͵Ĩȥϵˮ΢΢ôɵ
İһֱҩеȻҲκԹԣȻ滹Ǳˡ
֮䵽׻ǲһΡǶʱİҽϣҲ̽ʲôϢ֮İջѰ֣İҴţȻǸʱǴİɺͶϢ
˵⻰ҩϻŵĿһ۵µȷûκǷ
ºݺݵս˫ȭİɻȢӣʱ򷴶ֳ䶨ĸоôǶ壿Ӧ½֮ǰŻԼ
ֹһ½ƼƼ˵İҺ½ҵĻ£֮мж͸Ŷİɵ졣
ǶңӦҪİȢʱ򶫷С㣬һӣİ룬ҹ㣬ֻ˵ļ壬ѾһѰ׹ǣҲʱʱ̻̿ҹߡ
λ᲻ףСİ֮Ķӣ͹ǶǷҹѡǸӳΪİҵȻҹȴǺúõ
ЩҹܿˣǸúӣ͸¶ŨŨĽһĸ׵ĶԼӵԺ
һҩ϶Ҫ϶ǣҹӺܲʲô鶼֣̫ˡ
Ժӡ
ĬݺݵšüģİҹԿ϶жϣлһĨ˼˼˵лжֱʣ
ԣ壬İҹΪԼĺܺã޷죬еȴǶ壬òһɡ
ΨһĻɣʵİҹѾ˿϶
м䵽׻ĶԭİҹǺһȷ϶ǰһزٵĽɫİҹãһı߾Ƕҡ
ĬȻİҹĻ尡ôʲô鶼ͶйأǶ壡
İҹ΢΢һ㶣½壬İΪף֮ǶҺ½ң½ҽҩ˫ЩȱһĹףѾʼʽ΢״̬ҺİҴһİȢ˶С㣬ͽһȹ̵Ĺϵ
ȻЩ飬ĬӦûӴЩŶԡ
ĬҲ֪ң
Ĭ΢΢ҿܺͶҷɣǸνδ޿ɲǶҵģҵļ
İҹΣ벻ȻΪôһ£ĬģʵڳԴһסĬļ򣬡ûˣֻ㣡
ĬȻİҹģҲ˵
֪ҵģĶңŶԷôĬϿֻһˣõԴҲ٣ǺҸˡ
ҵļƻҪǰˣ⼸첮ĸʦչţ׼ȥһˡ
ĬİҹĸƷԼҪȥ飬ȫܱ˴ţİҹҲһ
ҪҰæ𣡡İҹ֮ǰ˵ԼĬ㹻ɣɰ裬Ҫ˵
Ĭϲİҹһ㣬ˮޱȡ
İɣڻæЩǸȥ˽һˡ
ʵĬ˵ڣİҹҲѾµҪȥʲôɣʲôȥԶվ󣡡
ĬһůһǸģһʵ鷳ҲǻҲ
ҲĬѵõʾǾԼ㲻󣬶İҹһֿ϶Ρ
ĺɲǿŶңҲ˵ĬһβսңôоͿƲסļ
⼸ͺúŲĸոѹҪ飬ĸ˺ܺá
İҹ΢΢ĸҲϲġ
֮ǰҩϲ˵ҪȥҳİҹУҲѾ̫İˣİҴͲҪȥǵˡȻڲһˣҲˣһг˵µĴڡ
Ĭһ죬һİҹǵ֮˵Ҫȥ̼ĸˡµ廹Ĭɲȥ̼
İҹижĬʲô鶼Ϊǡ
§סĬĸ첲սĬܷʲô飬Ƿֿ
ȻҪҷֿҲҪͬͬⰡĬüһİҹļЦݡ
Ժ˵̫ãЩ˴ţһĻ䵽µУһ쳣Ĵ̼
㣬ǡѾҲݴ˿̵飬ֻ߸ӲܽİҹĬ֮Ĺϵ


385 ˣ2
֮ǰ¾ע⵽İҹкӹϵͬѰʱµص㻹ûзȻҲûķǡȻۿİҹһ˱һӾϵĳԵĸ׵˵Ҳһּս
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ʱȻᱻİҹĸ׸ײʵ̫ˣ¶ˡ
ʶҪƿİҹļ򣬵һۻɿԼİҹǺΣ֪ߵĻġ
ĸǣǲ
ĬʶҪͣϵһŵĿ⣬ͻȻƿԵơ
İҹɲˣĸףԸϻĸףĸһҪֹԼĬĹϵôԸҪĸףҪ˵İҹǸݵµˡ
һ§סĬļȫĬʲô͵Ļᣬ̹Ȼ¡
ĸףҺĬĹϵҰҪԶһ𣬲ͬͬ⣬ҶıҵľġȻǻܹյף
һΣ𾪣ܹʲôĻȻûСİҹģ֪ͨҪĬһͬ⣬˾ͲҪĸˡ
ԸҪһˣҲҪôвԷԵ˵һ־޴Ĵ
ºݺݵšüģǲͬ
İҹҪ˿һˣԺǲҪԺһ𣬻۹⣬ЩǶԲ𣡡
ĬǸŮӣ¾Եһ֮ͬĹϵƫƫĬǸ˰ѵֻҪ飬ÿ
Ϊһĸףʵûа취˵Լȥúý
ҩϺһŵºİҹǵĶţȻµ˴룬Ҳһ㣬ڵ¿϶ܲˡ
£侲һ㣬Ҫİҹ㻹Ҫĸ׸
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㣬㣬㣡һ֣˵Ļˡ
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Ĭɺݺݵšüģ뿴İҹΪԼĸ׶
ҹ㲻ҪӣҶףʵҡ
ȻĬĻǱİҹˣֱܾ֮İҹ֪˵ĬҪҴʵаûڣʱͲӦֹĬ˵ȥ
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İҹǸƢֻҪ϶飬ô׾͸ıˡ
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᲻öӣĬܹվ˵ʦֶǳӵģȻԸƷǲġ
ص̾ϢһΣЭĸ׶ԶӵЭȻ㶼Ѿˣһ˵ʲôأͺúõȥɡӣҶ֪ʲô֣
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Ĭ΢΢һ㶣벻Ȼת
ңĬĸҡ
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º̹ȻҲ̶ܹȵЭˡ
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İҹвһĨģɿĬĸ첲Ĭ΢΢ҡͷʾ⡣˵СԽΣİɣҲô
ҲǸոѹĬҲô׾ͱ˸۸ȥǶԷİҹĸҲһ
ûµģȥȥͻˡĬһİҹļİҹǷ֣Ĭŵȥ
ĸ׻Ĭ˵ʲô
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Ҫã
İҹ⵭ȻƳһҩϣǻָ֮ǰģ
ҿİҹСӣĸ׵ʦ֣ҷһ㣬ôӦһʦ
Ȼҩ˵ʲôֱӱİҹˡ


386 ˣ3
Ĭŵ£ҲҪݺݵؾ̾һʱԵбĺ߱ˣǰŮİҹĸף˵ǽҲš
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´ǰкȥİҹҪСһ㣬Ȼȴһİҹһ̾
ҹСʱúܿ࣬Ȼѡ㣬ҵȻϣҸֻҪѡĸ׵ĵĬ͵㣬ԺʲôѶҪſҹòã
Ĭϵ֣ص⣬Ϊ취ȰԼ뿪İҹ
һȴȫˣĬдŨŨľȣ㲻ֹһ𣡡
ҲǰԼʲôֱ˵˳ϵüۣĬȻС֮ģȾ֮ˡ
ңԲҲ˼ĬЩ״ˣ̫ˣĺܸлҺҹԶһ𣬲ܷκ飡˭ҲܰǷֿҹҪˡ
һԭĬʵͲõģİҹôܻ᲻ҪĬѾĬԼһ֣᲻ȥ
Ĭ϶Ļش𣬵жĬĺøжҲɶ˼֣΢΢˽ҹôòҪ㣡
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Ĭİҹһ׵ӦòΪĬɻлǻƲסصģðɡ
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Ų㣬Ǻúһ𣬾İο˶ȥɣҲˡ  
Ĭذİƺ֮ĪǣԼ΢΢˵ĴŻǵõİҹĸ׵ĳϣôѾȫĬˡ
һ·ĬǵЦݾûȥİҹϷҲŨŨĺ棬ĸ׵ǺĬ˵ʲôС֮á
ĸײڣԸ˵ʲô˰ɣ
İҹ˳
ĬüһİҹÿǣǵЦԽ˼֡
ĸĺܺãȻǰ㽻ˣԺҪúöأȻǲĸŹ㣡
ЦݲöĿ˲˵񣬿ĬˣİҹҲԻһ
ãȻ㡣
˵ĺ׼ôδ޵飬ʱɲҪĺݣĬԼճ̣ټıŶ壬Խᶨľġ
ѾջԸ飬ĬҪ򶫷ҷսĵһ İҹ϶ˣԲ֡ 
İҹһȻᣬŻʬá
ǶҲģѾʼİҹĵߣȻԸԳĬ˵İҹҲŶҿİҹ˵İڲ
ûĬİҹѡİҵָʾ˵κ˶ûв
ȻˣĬ⣬Ҳܲκˡ
Ĭһİҹ벻⾹ȻǴİҹ˵Ļ
һŻɱˣһʬǶȤζһ˲һ飬װİҹǿ֡
ǺǣҲĳδҪѹŻʬ鶼ңֻҪԱ߿ϷͺãĬһŵٹ⡣
ãġİҹĿĬԼ뷨ЩԼȥ㶨ͿԣòҪ̫ࡣ
ͶˣİҹҷԽԽϲˣ


387 1
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һ·ȫƼ۲סԼĿ⣬͵͵شĬĺԼˣаٸнһ仰˵ˡ
С겻ϲ㣬ĬҪСѾͷݺݵݣŮ˿㿴ģ
ߣ㿴ʲôأٿĬҲϲ㣡Сϰ㲻ˣһлŵͨɱ֯ԸĬҪĬãȻˡ
һСĿ⣬вһĨˡ
ͺǱҴʲôǷˣһСʼǵͨ죬ңûС׵ģĬڶѾİҹһˣ˵ϣ֪Ĭ͡
Ĭ쵰
ġաԶһĨɫӰ𽥿Ĭߡ

Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ȻϤ׳ǰʶüģ橹ôˣ
һԾվĬǰؿţʱ򻹺ݺݵ2Ŵ͵ԼһͿĬˡ
ߺߣ㻹˵ңôʶһһˣкһǲǲҵѣ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ɾԼϴκͻ˵֮СŮӦòҪǡ橹ͱģò˶ҾͻˣҲûи֪ǡ
˭˵ͱģǺһߣϾµޣڣΪľ׷Ĭǡ
Ĭɺݺݵüģʱ橸ʲô
橹Ҫ£㻹ǻعɣ·鷳Ͳˡ
ĬɲŻ·кܳһʱûп橣ΪСŮͨˣھȻʱ˳ǹ֮Ҳ뻹ҪչһŮӡ
ĬⷬӦѾµˡ
һ˵ĬϲˣǺԼĵʦһˣȻǰ㶼ŵģ
һ۷
ǻ˵öԣѵòԼϲˣôôŬ;Ĭֵȥ׷
橲һ۶㣬Ů˶ĬȥˣӲˣ˵ʲôҪĬǰˢڸС
Ҳܣ˭˵ҾҪһ˳·ˣ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣ˳·Ҳʵ̫˳·˰ɣߵĶǹٵټشƫƧûȥ˾Ժҵ·ڡ
ˣ橹͸һ·ɡ
ѾƫƧŻģͺĬʱһ͵͵˦߱ˣһɽε橳ʲô飬ĬҲȥ
Ĭɿڣڻ˵õġ
СŮݺݵصͷĬ磬İɣһңܰһ·ˣҵʵ˲٣
⻰һ㶼飬ѧȥŬ˲٣λǷİѻ橷ųȻҲ橵˼ټϻǸĬȥģǾ͸ӲõİΣ
Ĭ˻橣Ҳ˵ʲô
вʣȻ̻
Ǻǣ橹ɽ·᫣вҰ޹ô󣬿ҪСţȻ˾Ͳˡ
˭ݰĬᱣҵĺò
žͬ⣬橺ݺݵصһ۶㣬ҪĬһ飬ŲŮĻᣡ
Ĭ磬㶼֪⼸ֶǷһȻضģ޻ûȢؼңҪĺף
橶Ѿֵڸʲô֮ǰةฮףѾԼҰı¶ھȻҪҲͽȥѵǰ˶ġ
ةǳĹٵһ֣ǧǺңһΪƿؾдȨڻȻҪҵС㶼ȢˣʲôǷǳˡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣Ȼѻ˸ˣ֮ǰɽУҲûٺЩǱΪ飬ûע⵽һƬ
ȻԲû֮ˣΪʾ޿֣ڱ֧֣
ŶңĪ佫ϣûмǴĻ佫ֻһŮСǺͶѫһ԰ɣ
ĬѾܾòעЩˣͶѫ֮ĻԼϵƵˣҲ֪ʲôԭա۵ײһĨɻ󣬾ǰĹ۵ҲҪ϶ѫѵһˡ
ͶѫǺģȻҲ˻ˣ˲ܽܡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʲô֪֮ӦʲôɡĬиǻƾ̵ʲô
Ǻʲô


388 2

ԶĺʱȥΪ˾֣Ĭͻ֮ĶԻ
Ĭjֵطκ˶һ£ȻôһṦ򣬻ѾһŴַȥ
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ὣͽĽɪɪ磬һ۾Ϳ֪ûУĬвһĨȣû뵽һʱ䲻橵ȷ˺ܶࡣ
׷Ż橵ĽŲȥ橶־ˣܻܲվԭؿְɡ
橣Ĳ
ĬĿ佱ȫǵõĬĿ佱Ϊѵõ顣
Ĭ磬ˣתͷĬ¶һõЦݣͺһܵ˼ҳ佱ĺһһ˷ܡ
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ѾӦĬҪСҲܶ˵СҲ
ģҴѣԿΣСڸʲô˵˰ɡ
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С㣬ãҸҪȥ㣬ҵ㣬ǰѸΪ˱֣ӳҸ㣬ǧҪ󣬲Ҫҵҵ˲Źģ
СҲףΪʲôҵҪԶһŮӳ֣ŸĻһ
㲻ɺݺݵšüģȻҲû׶ҵô֡ڸô
ѾǸ
ĻСû˵ڣҲѾܲµõֱͦŨŨĽš
ĬĶļζ˶ˣܰȫסҪһµ˵ʵ֪֪˷ܰս
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ĬһвһĨԾԾԵ⣬λСĪǺİҹлԼŮӣ
С㣬ǶѩΨһŮӣ
СϾȣ벻Щ㶼˵ˣͷԣǰѩС㡣󱾾ɶҷţҳ֣ǸȥκηοǻǸ֡
С㣬ߣΣգǷ룡
Сĸ첲ҪѶߡ
Ĭһʮ֣жѩڣǺǣЦЦȥǣǼ
˷ӦĬѾ뿪ΪһĨӰʧ
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橲ŲЩףԭĬγΪ˰Ů˵æڶ㻹棬Ĭȴǹһ˷ա
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389 3
Ϊµһصĵطתȣתת֪˶·ˣĬѾ˺һʱ䣬һתơ
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Լ侲ĬҲûнӴ֮ǰڹϿֻҪҵ󷨵ķۣ֮ƻȻҲˡרĸܱߵķѰҷ۵λá
Ĭĺ棬橺ͶȻҲ˽һʱҲĬһ߽֡
ҲɵһӢͷףֱ˵˼ɾ
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ⶼǼٵģǻ룡
橲΢΢һ㶣ⶼǼٵģֻܴһϢŵζⶼǼٵģ˵ʲôţһģֲòûһ㡣
찡ǼٵģôȥôûпĬ磡
죬ҲҲĬһΣգʶ·׾Ҳ߲ȥˡңʱĶͺȫһˣƳһۻ橣öһ˵κηĻ
һָоԼٶ˵һ仰Ů˿ֱӰԼԼȥѰĬ
ŤתԴڲеĺ£ģҲߣǿȥĬɣҵ
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ĬѾվԭһʱ䣬վɣֱͦվ϶ĿᶨڸܵϽһһĵط
΢΢ˢһ˫ۣʯ˸ƵĹʣǰû˿ԥ콣ʣһ˦ȥȻǰҺɫʻ˲ѿмɫѪ
Ĭ϶һʽ
ԽϵҺɫʻɫԽתұѪɫͺ˵ѪһұĿ
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Ҫ˵ȵĻǶ㣬ؿѾмʷһȻԼǰʧ𺳺;Ѿˣ
лһĨƵ⡣
Щһʧˣʲôûˣ
ԣ˰һƽˣȻЩԸǰʵ󶫷㻹ҪͷϣиûĬֱʣݺݵšüģλʦİ
橾Ͳжô࣬ˣ͸ӷȥĬˡ
˭󷨸ƽˣһǸˣǻǿȥĬɣ˵Ĭ󷨸ˣ
橲˽󷨵İСŮѾĬˣûпǹĿܡ
пɾͲôֹۣԽ࣬Խˣвע⣬ܾͻӰ졣
Ĭ磬쿴Ĭ
˵橳ĬķȥҲҺĬվǱߣղһƽˣȻǾվǰ˵Է
Ĭһתǰһ橹ôҲˣΣա
ǵ㰡Ĭһ˶вĵطһҲи飡Ҳȡ橽ŵؿĬȻףĬͶﻹǻҪ飬ּΪɡ
ǶѾˣȻĬҲٰͳȥ
Ĭ˵ʲô˵Ĭ磬ұȽϤܰﵽһЩ
һô˵ˣĬپܾЩˡ
СȿڣǾǸǰɡ
԰԰ЦЦ˵öԣ㶼ЦЦˣǱ֤鷳صصͷ
ãǾһ߰ɡĬΣֲǺ飬һŹҲˡ


390 ѩ1
һ·üģеĲѣĬ磬ղûп˭ƽһҵѾ˷ߵλǰڣҲһЩ
ƽ֮ˣǺǣƵģҲûкưɣȻǿҪˣǿߡ
ĬƵ˵ڻûȫ˽ʺóóȻ֡
Ƶģޣ
ݺݵس˳ǣĬֺԼʲôûӣҪݺݵ˦һƣʵ̫ɶˡ
Ĭɳ˳ǣȫԼô˶㣬Ů˿ɲãԺСûȢ㣡
Ĭ磬Ǽ̫ˣǲùĬģ
ĺǿҺߵģȻĺֲܿ
ǶԼĿ佱
ĬҲû̫࣬ǿ߰ɡ
ȻĬɹƽһ󣬾Ѿ˶ҵע⣬˵һжҵֱʣѩһʱ˳߹
Ů䵭ѵվڴǰǺǣߣûôף
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ͺڤڤ֮оѾԤһ㣬ڿѩʱĬоѾ϶˶Էͷ
ѩҵĴС㣡
ѩڱĬϳԼݣҲʲôֵĵطĿǰһˣ䵽Ĭϣ˲ͬ졣
ԣҾǶѩ˭
ģƺ˶ġ
ĬвգĬһҪȥᶫѩˣڼѩ֮Ҳò϶Էһѵõˡ
Ĭѩһ䣬ĬǺǣҲ㣬ƫƫԼͲҪҲˣһ
˵һὣĬŶ
ҲĬҪĽ
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һһ˵ӰдȫҪһƬطҪ˵Ľࡣ
橿ĬͻȻðŮ˽һлɻô˵ʹˣģˣɺݺݵһĭô죡
΢΢ҡͷǻǶ֣ҪŶѩٶ֡
ǸŮ˿ȥҲǿģ
橲ɺݺݵһ
СΪˣôܻһոճŮ˶ȲѩڶѵһţȻĬ֮ˣǲţһȽһ˸£
Ĭ΢΢ǶѩʵҲûʲô˲ˡ
˶ѩ·֮Ĭ࣬ȫڶŶѩ档
һΣǿԳɹжѩʱĬȻջ˱ֻڶѩ·һۼ
ѩСͱ˹άǵһˣĬǹġ
쵰ѩһ죬ݺݵصĬȴöԷûа취аղѣİҹϲˣ
Ӻ֮ǰѩ֪ԼԺ޸һİҹˣû˵κεĻСŮе׻İҹ˼ġЩ궫ѩİҹĻ᲻࣬İҹ飬ѩѣеİҹ
ҪҲôɺİҹ׼˻ʱ򣬾ȻټҶڣİҹװԶһˣȻΪҪԭǣ˭Ҳû׼á
Ĭ΢΢ЩЩ飬ģͲҪȥ룬ĲҪ
ѩĬ˼˵ǸҪ첻ԼĶˡ
ǺǣǺЦģ
һ֣Ȼǳˣ˵Ŀɲİҹ
ԸҵӰѵˣĬŶ΢΢Ȱ㻹һɣܷʲôѡ㡣αҿԣ
Ȱ
Ǻǣѡңѵѡ㲻ɣѩһǶ˰
ԶȥĬͶ˾ͺһһȫûκαŤĵط˾ȡ
ûоǸŮ˺Ĭ˼橱˵ģпƲס˵˳
üģͺǿ
СĿҲû⣡
Թ۵ʶһĬǱߣⲻܰɣСôῴˣ
ôᣬǼĬôһʲôС㿴ǼĬ磬ڹĬעأһѾ鱾ʵģ⼤аοԼĬһôϵ
ŻȻģҵЩҡ
ѩʵǿԿ϶ֱһỹûоʤѩһ֣ѵǶСˣ
Ĭɲ֪Щ˶ѾԶ󿪣Ͷѩϵˡ
ʱѾ࣬ڼʶѩ֮ĬзһǶҵʵҲˣ
ʱˣ


391 ѩ2
ѩ΢΢һ㶣ûзӦĬ⵽˵ʲô˵ʲô
Ĭ΢΢֪ܿʲô˼ˣ
ȶѩӦĬ˶ѩϵĳ콣ֱָѩĲӣȫѩκηĻᣬӮˡ
ѩһȻˣˡ
Ĭ⣬ѩסˣףһ죬ƲȥĬģͳˣҪɱҪϤ㣡⵹Ҳƽ׸˲ٺøС
Ĭ΢΢ͻȻþǳŶѩȻӣûİҹĹϵ棬ǿԳΪܺõѡ
ģҲɱ㣬ֻҪˣ
ѩ΢΢һ㶣Ȼû뵽ĬҪȻϳ򵥣ֻҪ
ͺˣûҪ󣿣
ĬһԼҪǼˣ΢΢˹İ˻ɣҲ뿴Ժİҹδޣ
ѩ˻飬ǽĬͷһ¡
ѩĿõⶢĬǱĬͬҪȻȴû˿źĵطЩڴˡ
ѩǼΪ֮ǰһֱ˵İҹǸѵõţϷ˼ְĽ֮ġȻЩǱ˲԰׵ټԼе˵İҹվڶѩǰһܹϳİҹ
ȻĬȫһˣʵسǰһ˳˶ѩôĬǵһҶԵĶѩˡ
ѩҪҲѡ
Ŷѩ˵ĬҲһ飬Ǳ˼Ů˻飬ȷЩˡ˵ĬУǾõĶѩҲϲİҹ
ԼǿȷԼϲˣĬԼ˵ʲôܲԸҲô
裬ʩˡ
Ųҹҹϲ㡣ĬݽҲ̫Ҫȥ˼顣
ѩȴǲЦˣĬýָţȴ˿ĬĻԼ֣ЩڴĻ
û᲻İҹҷôõδ򣬲Ӧøһ㲹İɡѩĬ۾˵ʲôţĬİҹֹ֮ϵ
طǻĬˣô˵ֻҪܹ⣬Ը뿪İҹҿôɡ
ѩصصͷԣһδͺˡ
⻰һҪ˵ĬСǼк漸ҵĸֶɱѩŵˡ⻹侲ԳֵĴС˵Ļֱ˶ҽˡ
찡Ů˲ǿ˰ɣС۾ѵһǲ۾ĬһŮˣǿĬʲô
橺úڸղԼ˵˵ĻҾôһ˵ŮĬ簡
˶Ѿ׵飬ĬͶѩ˾͸ˡ
Ҫô⣡Ĭüһ
Һİҹ˻飬׷㣡Σѩţ㲻һĬôİҹһҪʺĬɡ
찡СĿĬ
ҵļҪ޳ˣǵСôת˾顣
Ĭ˿ţĪһ飬ֱڸ顣
Ů˵аɣȴǱɶѩҪ׷
ͻȻתĬЩˡ
Ǻá
ڶѩѾ˵⻰ҲôԼҪĬ̬ȣʵҺİҹƽҷİҹӺá
Ĭϵĺ콣һʹԼϻȥֱǲ⻰ȻǶѩĿ˵
ã
Ĭ˵һ֣Լ飬ƭŶѩ˻飬벻һȻʹмƻɹˡ
ע⵽ĬϵĲȻѩȴ鼫á
Ĭע⣬㿪Ĭϵıһ»صһߣü΢ãĬ߽˵ĻǺڣ˵껹Ǵ뿪Ǹߡ
ѩ̬ҲѾԣĬİҹ뿪һ
Ĭ΢΢˫ۣͽˡ
ǰͽˣǷ֣Ĭ뿪ǸȻƴ֮ͰѶҵ˸ˣɫĪҪϣĽõģˡ
СŲЩǰסĬĸ첲ĬģղŮ˻᲻ڡҪ֪ĬŮ


392 ո1
ѩŶҵ뿪һԭƵ»ָĬû뵽еɡ
۱˳лֱҵôҴҶִҴҶȥǲǶѾǷˣȻһǶվúõĶ㣬еɻ͸ˡ
㣬ôˣҵ㶼ˣûΪ㣡
ƽ£Ǻݺݵһףİɣû£ܿˣڱҵѾ뿪ûˡ
Ȼһᶼе㷴Ӧ⵽ʲôãû¾ͺáĿȴǲתվԱߵĬϣʵĬ̫עˣ򵥵վǱߣͲһȫûа취ֿסͷų
Ĭĸ
΢΢ͷǣҾǣ֪λγƺ˴δеѣҲƽ飬ó궨ȻǶģҲͲù˼ôࡣ
ܣףĬ蹫ӣղҪ蹫ӰѱҵȰ˵뿪Ҳ̫ƽ
⻰۶ĬԽ˼ָмĬһҾҪл蹫ӵĳ蹫ӣҲôɡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷְæԼĿģΪ
ˣҴӦ飬ҵ飬ҲӦûرԭˡ
Ĭ⻰۲ǺףвһĨԤУҲô׶Ը
ף黹˵ɣ蹫ӹδշ󣡡
ʲô˼ǰһΣҪʨӴ󿪿ڣһҪߣҲ룡аգߵǣ⻰ȻԼŮ˵ģĿĬ㣬ǱԻҩִ治ĻҲ˵ó
ָ𣬶ȴƫƫ˵ⷽ棬ԼǴ˽ģҪ󽻵Ĭϡ
ףҡ
ؾСˣô˵ĻС㣬蹫ǰһѣҲǰһɣң
˵ʲôأͷŸɾһ㣬ʲôңûĬ磬ʲôѾûˣĬҪƵطҲġ橾Ĭͷ֧š
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣӻͳ
ӦϳʲôɣԱڿĬó֮󣬶۾Ͳסˣôܻ᲻ʶ
⣡ô⣡
㻹ϵó⣬⣬֮Ѿ˭õĴУˣ
ӶҲҪϸһĬʵεõģѵѾõĴУ
ôǶ۶ҪøĬ
ʵڶ۳ɹ֮ͽʵѾһ겻һ꣬ʧȥ⴫Уһжͽ
һ֮һֱҪȥǺȴʧˣм䷢һЩ飬ŶҸɣڻҪҶ˵𣡡
Ĭ֪ôҲȻȷǰĵõʵĴУ
ô˵棬ĬȥӶ۰ݼӭع飡
ĳĬݣ
ʲôôܽǸ
СǵһܽˣҪȥ𶫷ۣѾô׸ı䡣
С£蹫Ӿĸһӭӣ
СΥ˶۵˼лܽĬǹɵعĬǰĲ鲻Ը˵°ݼ
ȻҲ⣬벻ͽе˳׸û˿ֿ϶ĬĴڡ
ݼ
ĬλɣöμȻҾջ󣬶ȻҪǹͬļҡ
Ĭ仰вƵĹâ
ڵȵϣˣԭֹֻ˥ܣ
ȫӸǲ
ĬҲǸո󣬶ԸеĸҲ˽⣬ҪŮ
˵ôеĸ黹ҪĬ̫ࡣҲĬȨ˼ͶЩȤո󣬺Ҳܶࡣ


393 ո2
İĬϣ˵ڶ͵λýĬӴͱҲûκιϵĬ£һȫһọ́
ء
ǶҲǵһû⣬ʵѾкܶطûа취ȥǶҲһʱͲòпһûĬĳ֣ⱲӶתʱ
ǰһ±۾ͺһһȫƲסļϻһɱ˫ֿƲסز
ݺᣬ벻֮꣬һܵȵһ죬ڰȵˣ˵һ㶼ûд
ֵĬˣŶ۵˼ѾԤϵԼĳ֡
ʲô˼
һĬҪ˵صصͷʵҸһѾһһ˥ȥǱŶ壬Ͽȥޣеһ㶼Ը
֮ԻᶪʧĴУӦҲ֪ɣ֮ǰĸλòֶȡȨȻԲ˳ȻǵòĴСϹŴУһ֮ԻôϷеõ⴫еԭ
Ҳ˵֮ȫƾĴУʧȥ֮ʲôǡ
ĬҲ֪һЩֻû뵽ԭм֮֮ʾⶫۼ˵ȥ
֮أǷʲô飡
һһʵѾ֪ˡǿЦҿɲǿŵȡõִ֮ڲ·㣬ĲǴʧһУĿıѰ⣡һۣдһĨ࣬ϴԣ֮ŮܹܵĴڣҵע֮ˣ
ĬѾܹϲµһЩˣܸܵĴڡ
ǰеŮҾǸע֮ˣ
⻰źһ޻̸֮ĸоĬȻȴǲˡ
֣صصͷһֱڵŵǸˣֻܰع˵лһ㻳ɣĬԼɹ֮Ѿ϶һС
Ĭ΢΢ͷзһӸȤղ˵ʵǵȡڲ췴ǸˣŻɾڵĶ壿
ĬΪŻһҪŵĶҳ֡
ǣΪ֧űҵʷ֪˵һʱ򣬶лôԵĲ˼Щ˼˵Щˡ
ĬеȻЩշԼҪ˳Ķ࣬еʮ㣡
ҡ
ŶѩȻ˶ˣɫȻҲÿԼΨһ׹ŮȻҲôָ
ݺݵšüģڻǰ˶֮󣬿ʵѩʲôأ㶼㶨ˣ
ѩûаУһҪҵСɰˣҪôġ
ˣĲǱҶġһҪôġѩһȻȻôɵĬ˵ȥ
ȻǶѩ˵û˻߶
ѩֱʱģҲһŭˣѩ̫ˣʵã㲻ҪˣǶǿʲôģ
ô꣬ҶᶨƵվĺ棬⴫оҪԭ
ѩŮȻ֪⴫УⶼѾʧʱ䣬Ǹһ˵ˣǵʲôҿžǰ˵ıˣŷųķ
ѽҲ˵㣬黹СΪϡ̾һе뷨ҲǺͶѩ˵һ£Ҳô׷ѩ顣
Ѿ׼׷ѩҲкݺݵһӦȥǺİҹĻˡ
תתףûʲô飬Ҿȸˡ
ѩİСӵĻ£㵽ô룬ǰҶİҹǻСӾȻҪҵĻ£ʵǹ֣˵һ㣬оֱ
ҪǿİҹѵһţİҵҲðԼıŮ޹ȥǶûпİҹǸܳģ˵İҾͰˣİ̳ˡ
ѩ벻Ϣôʹ׵ĶУһתÿһˡ
ţǰİҹҲǸ֪ôģҪжͶҵĻ£ҲܻúõĵİİҲ


394 ˻粨1
֮ǰѾͶѩ˵ܶΣİҹ˿ͺãȴʺϹӣȻİҹвûжѩﻹûиġ
İҹ˼ʴ£ǿİҵͿ֪ˡ෴ģİҹĵܵİȫһˣҲŴҴһ㣬»ȨıҪİҹͨܶࡣ
ȻҪһ㣬İĽѩ飬ֻҪ˶óƫƫѩǿ˼ҡ
ѩˣİкãѩ㿴⺢ôСϲ㣬ùõĶӣһϼףӲõİ۸㣡
ôһŮȻʲô鶼ŵĶѩ뵽ˡ
ѩղŻĬһʱ䣬ԼҸ׾ȻѾǣ˱ˣǱҲˡ
ף˵İ˻ںҿЦ۾ϹˣŻῴһҶ򲻹ˣҪã
ѩлһĨмԴ֮ǰİĶѩף֮ȴǱѩݺݵһ٣Ѿ춨İڶѩߵ
ѩİҲݺݵšüġ
ѩôô˵ˣʵǱİҹһ㣬мҲԲˡҲҪǿ̫ˣѵ˵˵ȥҪİҹ
ղŻиˣѩˣ˰죬Ѿͷǹ˵ԼֻϲİҹҪ˵½ϣܹѩͬ˼ָǶǳİҹ֮⣬ҲкͶѩˡ
ôûУѩ΢΢üԺĬӰǰ֣΢΢죬ɽɽ죬ȻҲڣֻǿ߲ʸҶѩˣ
ῴ׶ѩģ˼һѩʶʲôˣѽ˵˵ԷкļҵģҸȥ
ܹѩϣʵȻͣĲܣ弸һʱŶԷһļҵүȻһſɲôס
ѩ֪ĬһССĳеݣȻ붫ҵۡ
ף˵ʲôأֻԷʵȫҪˣѩһǶҵʵﻹҪͱȹ̵ģҪˣȻܹΪҴһƬɽˣ
ѩô˵ˣ˵ôһˣѾ˶ѩĿ⡣
ɵöһĨŨŨĺ棬Ǻǣô˵ģҶЩȲҪԷǺηʥȻǵİѩԳģ
ѩһ죬׹ԼҸ״ĻȻɵذʲô˵ˣһ졣
ףһأһûи㶨ԷɲҪ֣ϲ˾ҪԼȥȡѩԼע⣬һˣİҹҲãǻǿҸʱȥ׮¸ˣȻⶼͶԷ˵ˡ
ʲôʱѩһôģΪ㶫ѩ飬Ҳѵĵطãţȥİȥţ׮¡ѩҲץʱ䣬ѶԷؼҿ
˺ˣ֪˰Ҳ˵ˣȻȥˣ⼸ģҪȥúϢһ¡
ѩǺˣĶȥ˻⣬ҴҴ˳ȥ
ģڶУ޷ܹ϶ѩϲһˣûмԷоѾһĨŨŨĲᣬͺԼòײĴ󱦱ȻҪ˸͵һи˵Źˡ
İ˻ǱμסˣԭмǲǺܿİҹ֮ǰǶѩͺǱ˸Իҩһ϶İҹˡڶѩͨˣҪʱ׮¸ˡ
ڶһƬϲõİҾȫһˡ
鷿
İɶŴӶ͹żİ͵ҵƸһһ˻ٿ˻飬ͺǱ˸ݺݵ˦һƣܣİܵĳ衣
žһ£鷿еӦѣ֪ʱİҹﵽжôĲˬ
ȻһѾ֪Լλе뷨ڶѩСѾͷˣȻȲ˻ˡ
лһĨɫİҹֻҪĶˣҲԼǸʲôģһ죬İҹеһжİֻİİΨһļ̳ˣ
ϵݣ߽鷿ŮһᣬɣʲôʹʹҸ


395 ˻粨2
Ů˹ĵĿ⣬İϵŭ΢һ㣬֪ԼԶڵһλ΢΢ҡͷû£һС˰ˣûʲôõĵġ
ⶼѪˣǰһ°ɣ㲻ۣ⻹أ
СŮбһİɣ飬Ѿһܶˣǵ»ʱһɬˡ
İˣŮ˵ʱҲɾͱָᣬ޲ðǰСŮ˸һ§С
ˣûʲô飬İҹСӣֲ֪ʲô룬ڶҵ˻鶼͹ˣ
Ҫ˵İɲİҹûаİҹԼĶӣȻǲܵģֻÿοİҹſƵµףͲһѵǸŮ˺뿪İⱲӶûа취µʹޣ
ǰ֮ͺ֮УİжԵжٵİתڣͱжٵʹޣŵµĲİɰֲԸ֮תƵİҹϡ
ֱİȢ˶֮İİʶԼİҹӣеĸ鶼ڶİϡ
ȻİҹԸİɣֻҪ϶飬ǷǣҲᾡԼŬȥİҹһĵķʽİĴڣòϣİҹǰѵһš
İİҵļܶʱȻǲȫԼѡİҹΪİҵȷѡˡ
ȵİҹİ뵽ǲӦȥİҹıһ¸֮ŵĹϵó¶ԼˣҲֻ֮ܲ
İҹԸ䵭İɹִһ𣬸ûʲô˵۵С۵ģ֪˵ǳ˶пܣ
װ֪ӣôҹҲǸúӣԸһ֮⣬Բʲôõ飬һʲô棡ȥ͸˵˵ҿųҹͰѩ˾ͺ䣡
˵ΥĵĻȫûκĵط
иʱԽİҹ˵ֻİи
Ȼɲİİҹ˵ûҡͷˣǱôܻûʲôƾʵݾ˵أȻİҹСʲôõ飬Сӽл֪ˡʧȥ˶ҵĻ£ҲСԼûи
һϲİǲİҹ˵ûˣôԼĿļѾɡ
ĺİҹͰѩ֮Ļ£ǼõġѩѾͷҲҿųģƯʵҲ
ȻǶѩŮӣһǿˣҪİģƫƫѩİҹ֡СѾͷƬˣȻҪץʱİȥ׷󶫷ѩ
ŮĸûмıģƳɹ޸İɣҲжӰֻŮصüãûע⵽һˡ
Ŷѩŵ㣬İҹȻôֺ֪ãʧȥ˶ҵĻ£ⶼԼ
ڻô죬İҹСԼ飬ʧһ׮õĻҲԼĴֵܹˣİһ¶һ˿м
ʱİɶİҹкܶ಻õĵطȻİȥֲȻİҹѾҪˣҲûиоİɵһƬ⡣
һĿڱİɸ˵һ̫ϧˣұѾðѩӼ޵Ǽҡ
ͶǶԶһжİҶǰһ˻飬ּ򵥵ȻҲ¶ˣİҪ
ߣҲǲԣó⺢ȥ׷ѩͺã֮ǰǰĽѩİҹСӲŲ֣ڲá
İȻ˵ͬԼĶӣİеǴˡ
ǶҪĽȻԺİȥ׷󶫷ѩİЩ˼ɣ⻰ɾİֻ˵ڵģͲõġ
תתǡô¶һĨᣬĺ𣬱Ͼѩǳҹ֮ǰδޣ⺢ȴȥ׷ѩҪñô롣
İ̾һ§ǰСŮˣж︣һῴף⺢һֱ԰ѩ⣬Ů֮ĸ飬ǾͲöˣóʲôȥɡ
һһ˳ţһжģûͿԼˡŮİɿĵطлһĨĳЦ
İԼûз֣Ϊ谮Ķӻİҹ
İҹɾİҵ֮ǰİҹõͶҵĻ£İɱϿʵﲻҪ˵жˣڻɶ˻飬İҲİԼȥŬ׷󶫷ѩ
Ѿ㹻ˣһ죬İĸӵģ


396 ˻粨3
Ӱ
˳˼ڸλϣһǱߴϢĿвһĨâָߵ淢ˡһʱ֮䶼
һǼɺݺݵһ⼸ĬԼߣĬϢһʱ䴫İҹϣû¹ҲֻʱǲŻİҹһᡣ
ǿİҹ̬ȣжԿ϶İҹĶĬˡ
ѩ֮ǰѾĬˣʱ򷴶˼ֹ˼ɡ
ȻĲ蹫ӣΪβͬĬһ󱳺վŶң蹫ӺͶѩ棬ᷢһЩˡ
ѩɻǼǵãԼ֮ǰͶĬԵĬᱻҸ۸ˣȻȴֲ֡
İҹԵģ
ҲĬҪĽĬӣȻҲԼгʧܣĬҪԼʵ֤ѡûдİҹְĬĬвˡ
ѩ΢΢ͷҲЩ
ҴϢٻؼ塣ѰİҹȥʹԴĲİҹİҹƾǱȼҪİİҹѾԳİɣ֮ǰǾһ仰ԸҲͿ֪ˡ
İҹĿʲô飬ȥ߼ҪȥʱȻͻȥˡ
͵͵һ亹Լ֪˶ǰѺĻ˵˳
Ǽٻİң˻ˣϣȥ 
ɺݺݵر˫ۣͷһͷҲһӣѾûʲôõĵˡжѾǵűİҹݺݵһ٣Ȼ˺һʱ䣬İҹȻûһ㷴ӦвŨŨɻ˫ۿİҹ
İҹʲôı飬ƺȫûаѱ˻ϣ
İҹϣƺҲûʲôֵģСͻȻɾԼղžˣİҹӣ˼ȫûа׮¸ϣӲ˵ǻòˡ
İҹ˵ӰǼҲö˵һʱҵĿⶼ䵽İҹϡ
ҩͬŵ´ȻҲ˸ղϢ
ǺǣİСӣ˰˦˰Ů۹⡣
Ȼ˸ôİҹ˵ԭ͹ڵϵһ䣬Ҫ벻Ҫ
İҹؿһҩϣ΢ֻҪĬһ˾͹ˡŮˣİҹȫûгϹԷȻҲõκ顣
İҹǵµӣҲûг϶ҵĴС㣬ȻǶԷİҹ˻飬лЩˬ
һ˵ĿȫˣŶȻǶ˺ͳҹĻ£⵽Ϊʲô
һ䣬²֪ҲǷѰ
ˣȥɣǼǻȥġ˵ʮʱ䣬ѾˣЩҲӦи˽ᡣ
΢΢һ㶣Ȼŵ⻰Ůƾʲôκξ
ȥɣѸղŵĻȥ
һصȻĻһŮ˵ĻѵŮ˾ǵ¶˻ԭİҹγţҵԼϲŮˣѩŮô֡
ô룬˻Ϣİҹ˵Ҳǽһ鷳
٣֮ǰҪ˻飬ҵ˸ܿˣô˻飡ѩвһĨŨŨɻʱ֪ûܳɹ˻飬ѩлĬź˼֡
ǣ¶ҵǿڣ÷ҲãʡĿһԶûκκøС
²šüģİҹҹҺһȥ
ѾǵǸɵɵŮˣ֮˽İôΪиӶ˼Թޡ
ܹİɶԼᣬкܴһϣȻ½ܲİɶİҹ
İҹİɵӣܹģ
ΪĸǿĻİҹ
ãǻȥİҹ΢΢ͷⱾ顣
Һһȥİô궼ǣʦʦģҲӲܣ
ҩϷŲµ£׵´ûз¹İˣȻѾ˷ǣºİɰ鶼ˣҲܻصģ
İɺͶôĸ鶼ܺãҳŮôܻûĻģҩ˵ʲôĲ¡
ҩϵĹģε²׼ܾ΢΢ãһȥ


397 ƣ1
İҡ
İһµĻرз겻ѣǣӣص֪ˣⶼˣ
֪İҹȻԸؼİ˵Ҳһǳֵο飬жİҹĲˬʧ˴롣
ݺݵشԴѺĻͳͳʡȥԼ˾ˣǵûҪϴָоİҹλҪģ
İҹΪα˻飬ǵõİе˵һ־޴ĲҲţİҹӣİϴ
ҹ⺢Ӿܹ֮׵Ȼòġ˵ʲô𣡡
϶Ϭ⣬һİҹİңİҲרעȨˣİȻѾǱĸӿƵġǿĸۣоѾˡ
˵ӦҪԼŮѴӦúϲǸŮ˰ɣȻҲöС֮˻ˡ
֮ǰİɻİҹˣȻһͺݺݵرˡ
İҹˣʲô鶼ǺŸɣŮʲôõ룬ȻΪһɲŮ˷˺ͶҵĻ£ֱɥ־
˶ҲӣҰֲĵŮ˴ؼңҾ͵ûӣ
İְϵĲ豭ҵطݺݵšüģǿİҹʲôˡ
ȻֻİɶѾ֪˵ٱ飬İҹʱ򣬾ȫһģİɶİҹҪ̫ߣγΪӡİȫİҹУʵȫͲҪȥЩƾİҹͺˡ
İѾ߲ˣ΢΢ɣ㲻Ҫô˵ôҲûмҹ⺢ӶĸŮģ˵˭ҵĴҹ㣬Ȼҹϲ˼ңĸܲ
ȻϣĻİҹϲһһǴŮˣİҹ͸ûʸİռİҵԴ
ǣŮˣûиĸ֮ý֮ԣССѾֽŶˣʲôûɫŮˣİңѵҪΪİδļˣ
İһſ˵ĻȴҪöĸо˵ô࣬İдûҪİҹĶӼ̳İҵ˼İԶһʱ뵽Ļİҹӣ
ʱô룬ǶжҪİоƽİɵĶӣܵĴ̫ˡ
ŮǿԼеĲʺͱԹ΢΢οİɡ
ģһİҹ顣
İĿɵӣܻƫһİװİҽ˭ܰİҷ󡣡ߣҿҲδأİҹܲôģѾܺˣҪ⺢гһ㶮£ҰҹҪЦˡ
İ˵İŵ㣬ȻһȴǴһֱĳ
ǲİɵУİ˹ɶ»˻֮⣬Ѿûŵˣ˵˰컹İҹáİҹٺãжûİ׵ģʲôã
İȻҲҪע⵽ϵĲȻԼŮ˵˼İдϻܹµһֻԸ
İɣͳҲҵĶӡ
ҲǶԶһֽȻܰİҽİİһķİ
ţ׵ģҺͳֻҪúõģǾˡڶô˵֮⣬ҲҲʵˡ
İ§ŻŮˣᣬʵ˫иԴԼƣܼ飬˭Ҳ˵ˡ¹˭֣ǿ˭һ
ҹ
΢΢šüģϻһĨͷ
ĸףⶼôˣҽйΪʲôûʲô飬ҾȻȥˣһ׼͸ѩϲİҹӣӭδ
˺ȻİĶӣҲİҹͬĸĵܵܣϸעĻȻԷ֣˵Ĳһ־˵ƣͳͳŴİɵص㡣
İҹİ˾ǻȻͬԸΪ˴ʹΪͬˣİԸһЩİҹ͸أĮƺʲô鶼ġ
ԼҶӶѾʱﻹĶЩеûģʱǾãԼĸİлûҪ
ѽҲϴСˣҪǰѩѩ̵ģʲôʱѶѩСӸ㶨ˣѾİҹ˻飬þϳʱ򣡡ҲǺܿöѩ붫ѩݣȫһˡ


398 ƣ2
İΪ⣬ʱԼϲѩŮӣİҲС֮ӣڱѩ֮ﻹôģԼȥ˵ƨɡ
ѩɹΪİҹδޣһҲǱİɩӣȻЪ˶Զѩ˼
ڶѩİҹ˻飬İзĪϲãǶѩǿƵŮˣİҹշƶѩⱲӶܼ޳ȥˣȻǴá
ɺݺݵššüģǿİģͿԲµСֲ֪뵽ȥˡ
İ㵽ܲܺú˵
Լĸ״һѺݺݵס˶䣬İʹģŶ¶һֺõЦݡ
໣ĸף㵽һ㰡ǲӣôأҵĶ䶼Ҫ㳶ˣⲻȥֺöѩҲҪĽǿ԰ѶѩȢؼң
İԶһ˵ǶԵˣ벻ˣİҵĶүҪȥֺñ˵ġ
ԶģİȻʲôöͣ߶
Ȼİ⻰΢΢һİûӡ
Ůİ͸¶˼֮󣬶Խ¶˾ģҪİǾûпܵģҪ׵õİһҪԼһҵ֧־ԵΪҪ
ã㶨ѩͽˣһҪõҵֻ֧֣İʵļ̳ˣ㸸׼Ȼͬ⣬ֻԼˣ
İвΪ⣬İҲûжٵռԼһ˦ƹֻҪĹԼͺܺˡ뷨ȻǺͶȫͬˡ
úúãһжĸ׵İš˵ʲôĸײˡĸҲҪģһġİοĸףǶ˽İһҲһ˽ⶫ
ʲô飬㸸ףİҹʹ֣ǲİɵĶӻһȻִҪİ֣
ǱˣȻҲ˵治Ļ
İҷ飬֪˼Ѿİɸڶȴ˵⻰İҵǹײ
İɱģŵˣһȦݺݵһҲҺûʲôˣȻ⻰׵ĶУͲˡ
ĸףֻͲҪ˵ˣȻͲˡİҹǸ׵Ķӣ˭Ķӣ˵ˣ
İҲΣԼĸеȨʵ̫ǿҲö˵ʲôֻԱȰ衣
ǺǣΪʲôҾͲ˵ˣ˵ѵͲʵǸŮֲҪ飬İҹ˵ǸŮ˺ͱ֣ҲİдȻ֣Ȼľİ֣
Ƕʵ飬ô飬òײŰǸŮ˴İҸߣȻȴİҹֻ
İŶЩ治ĻǺ޲ϾߣȻڻֻԭŶıԹ
ڵȵ΢Ъһʱİ˵Ļᡣ
ĸЩ֪ͺˣ˵һ˴׵ĶͲá
Ҳİƽй֮Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ĿҲܣİģ˵ʲôİҹռӦеĶ
񶫷ѾħˣİףԼ˵ٶ࣬޼£ֻаϣԼĸײҪֵ̫飬ȻҲס
İ˳ӵصͷĸףʲôƻһҪǰ˵Ҳ׼㻹עɣײͿ
İΪİҵļİ۷ʱǵİͻȻűƽİǸӵĹԡһˣôܻʲô֪µĺͿ
İʲôû˵Ŷ£İ͸ӽˡĸһ̴죬ǲӣһҪ췴İ¾Բ飡
İϲ飬ںܶ෽ȶӽô궫ҲѾ˲飬һİɲûзϣЩС²ӰİҵĸҲŲİֱʣ涫βȻҲ˲鷳顣
İô˵ȴΪ⣬һǺǣǹ̫ģڵİѾ꣬ˣ˵ôôЩ飬û˷֡
Ѿô˵ˣİҲֻΣ֮


399 ػİң1
İҡ
ſһʯʨӻſڣ裬˪ģ֤İôµšľ̵İſڣ˼ֺصϢһƺǺ͵ʮǰһģһ
վİҵſڣһʱ֮䣬аٸн΢΢˫磬мѣŮ˲ɺݺݵս˫ȭһĨȵ⣬ڻˣ
΢΢ŵ¶ûԼһ»صһоͺ»ص㣬˷ǡ
ҩϺİҹҲŴ˿̵µ飬˼ǵһʱĬվڵµһһңŮ˱
ܿ±ǷӦƽм΢΢û£ǲõģˣǽȥɣʱ仹硣
İҹҩ˶һۣͷãǽȥɡ
İҹع飬İ¶һţʵİҹҵӰʵ̫ˣһλбľ֮飬κһĵ
ˣ
ˣ
İҹڵµǰ˺͵֮Ŀ⣬ڻǵչڴǰʱ䵽ϣһȦȥ֪ͨһˣһλҪĿˡ
İҹ⻰Ȼ˵һʱȥ¡ʵİҹ˵ЩҲһȥ֪ͨİˡ
İɺͶڿ洫Ϣʲô
ˣһλҪĿˣǹ֪ͨһ¡
İҹʵʵİ黹ǲ⻰֮һһ׸ոջϵ»ɲߡ
ˣܴʲôҪĿˣǸŮˣҵҪôŮ˻ܹİҹߵİһİҹкܴϣȻκ˻Լϣ
İҹˣȻֲɲŮ˸İң춼ڰ
ɣҲҪ˵ҹ⺢ĴһҪˣ⺢ӴСأ׵顣ǻȥɣǸĶĹҲȥ԰οİɣȻʱİο𲻵κá
İɷԽˣһߣ㿴İҹӦ˵ô֪ڻʲôҪȥӭӵĲɣϲ˼С׵ģѵҪȥӭ˼ң
İǼŭһǳҹ⺢ӲˣȻ˼Сﲻ£Ҳ֪İҵʲôݣΪСˡ
ߣСﲻ£ѵİҹôˣʲô֪ҿӾ͸ûа׵ķУˣߺߣҵҪȥȻܸʲô
İŭŴ߹ȥ
İҹҪǵţӭӱˣİɵҪİҹܰʲô˸
΢΢һ㶣ĽƺӺˣ΢΢İŭ뿪ģзԺݺݵһҪİҪôİҹ
һżȥˡ
İҹӣأİϤӺ𣬺Ӷʨŭݣ֪İежٲˬ
İҹһѾϰΪûеõİɵʲôɫһ죬İɶɫİҹòϰߡ
ǰһûκı飬Ľһס
ߣ㻹֪㻹һװ֪ԼİҵˣһΪ׼ԶˣİһƣӼ治ǳ˸Ƴˣ
Ǳҩϵں棬֮ǰѾµİҹİҵãİƽʱԴİҹ
Ů˲ɺݺݵս˫ȭָ׽ģɫδŭ
İɣ̫ʧˣ
İһᵹҲע⵽İҹˣλֻܿˣҩϤ׳ǰŮ˱ǿˡ
Ů˾ǹİҹŮˣ
Ǻǣزʲô㲻İҹӸҪˣڶ˺ʲôôˣ
İ˵ҲȻ֪Լ֮Ϊڵĳ嶯صĴۡ
΢΢һ㶣İ˵ľԼ
ʮʱ䣬Ѿıֻ̫̫࣬û뵽ٴμ澹Ȼĳҹίˡ
ºݺݵһѾ׼ҩϺվ˳Ůƽ޲İɵ۾΢΢
ô˲䣬ƺеⶼŮ˵ϣͺǻᷢһŮ˾վǱߣѾԼȫ磡
£


400 ػİң2
İѾȫסˣȻ¿Ůˣ
£ʧ˶ʮʱŮˣ³ǰİɶ֪ҪʲôԼ˿̵ľȡ
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Ǻǣİɣ㲻ʶ𣬺þò
ŮϤİѾĿȷǰŮǵ£ʮʱ䣬ڵµϸκκۼŮ˳еĸԽˣһϮŵİ˿ڲزŮ˵ķ绪
İվԭأһ˵ĻƲסؼ٣ͺȫܵһˣûǹŮˣֻǽѧĵҲ𣬿гٴμ棬ûа취еĸ顣
㣬ǵ£ôˣ
İ˵⻰֮ϲɻһĨŨŨİգûκζԲµ飬Ů˺׷ӣԶ߸߷ɣ
һ룬İɲŨŨİգʹԼ֪ε˶ԲԼ飬ȴȻŲ¶Եµǣҡ
ǺǣҲô֪㾹ȻԴҵĶӣ°ûк˵ɫֱİɵ۾İɣô꣬㶼ôԴҹģ
ָİҲһ£ԼӡУһֱǸСŮˣƺԶʲôƢġ
Ůİҹ򱧲ƽ
İȴǲЦˣĨɫԽŨˡ
Ǻǣε£⻰ѵ飬ƾʲôվָҵĲԣʲôʸ񣡡
һʧ˶ʮʱŮͻȻ֣֮һָ˵Ĳǣεƾʲô
İŭиӺԼȻڱεŮ˺֮ûа취׷Ůˡ
Ҳǲɱİ̬ȸŭˣ˷ûһڹ֮ģݺݵս˫ȭôǸҰַˣ֪ˣε㻹֪һ𣡡
İ⻰һǰ˶һˣǰ毺õŮˣȥǺİҹСȻİҹĸףҲ֮ǰİɵӣ
εּѾ˶껹ǵεµ˴Ѿ뿪İңЩѾİҶİҵˣΪܵİβ֪Щ֮ܺúõİҡ
йܼϲ֮һ
þվİɳƺǰŮΪµʱҲסˣȻǷˣ
ϸһɲε¼Ͷʮǰһģһκ˥ϵĺۼ˶Ѿʼµķ˪书ǿİҲ⣡εȴһ㶼ûб䣬ε²Լ˵Ǳˣû˻š
ĻԶϣֻ˵εפܱԼղ䡣
֪İɶԼᣬٴ׶˵ôĻǲһʹûУûӲ᲻Ҫİҹ
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ǺǣûУʲôûУûİҹû׷ӣε£Ǻõúܰʲôʱ㾹ȻѾҵˣİŭԵжٵİ֮ŻᱻŮ˸˵ô
ºݺݵҡͷûУ
İҹĿʱ򿴵׶ĸ׵ָͻȻôİɵ顣ûаֺĺޣİΪ̫ˣԲŷŲеŭ
ĸף㡣εµʱİҹİοڵ˵õİο
ô˲䣬ҲֺαҪİɵ뷨ֻҪİҹͺˡŮһɣǲһĨЦ⣬ãֻҪΪҹͺá
İҹ̬ȣİɿһıѣȻôûиİҹʲôɫûİңûףİҹôܻн죡
ӣһ죬Ůʮʱ䣬ôԭ˱ˣ㵽ûӰİŭİҹ̬Լ
İҹҪκ˽ʲôİҹУҲûİɵʲôλ
εҲѵã˵һ䣬ҵĸף
İҹţȵİ˽ǰ֮һĺȻһ㣬İҹûҪİȥ˽ʲô
ɾãİԶ֪࣬ЩĵɱŰɣʱԽã֪ʱİвŻӵĻںޣ


401 ػİң3
İҹȻĻشİɿǱİҹһУֱһ޲úݺݵһ˦ȥİҹ˲ǡ
Ȼʢŭ֮µİɸûʱ侲ú룬İҹԼӣʲôԣҲԭ˵¡İҹѾҪĸ׵ʱ
İҹԸµĸף˵ԭġ
ˣҰˣİɺݺݵصһİɣԲȥİҹĿ䵽µϣ⳰Ǻǣ뿪˶ʮʱ䣬֪ˣҪʲô
ʳ⻰ʱİоȻĪϣܹԼϴѡԭŮˡ
ȻʲôˣǿѾȥ̫ãǵĺӶѾôˣȥ׷ȥѾһЦҲûҪ¿ʼ
ʲô
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ĵһڸԼҪİˣǲǺ͹ȥһڼİ֮һж䶨
ҩһʱǵĵ»һİҪõ»صİңҲҪ̧θӭӻȥôί
ǰһڵºİм䣬ǵߣǵȻֻһİô꣬ѵûһ̻ɻߺڹ
ҩƵĿ⣬İ΢΢һ㶣ԼҪʲô
εŮˣûдΪʲôҪڣ
ЦʲôúڵģһҪڣҵͲӦȢεˮŮˣİǱ¸ˣ˵ĻΥ֮ԣȻͷϵĻǸˡ
²ɫһ䣬Ըô꣬İڵ龹ȻȢԼͺ˰Լĸݺݵһ£Ѫ죬ȴ˵ڵʹࡣ
İɶϵ²԰׵ɫоȻһֹĿУƾʲôô궼ֻһʹ࣬ŮҲʹˡȻ˺µʱİҲѵõĿ֡
Ȼʱİɲף˵ҩ֪Ů˵ʦ֣ʵҲһֱϲ°ɡô꣬İҹߣһسɳΪŮижˣεŮ˸ûģôĸ飡
İ˵жʹ죬طйеĲȵ֪࣬ͻжʱĿڲԣ
ҩһ䣬ԭԼΪİɵоͱģֱԼ͵֮ĸ顣
İɣ쵰Һ͵²װ׵ʦø飬ûô
ҩǶԵ´аĽ֮飬Ļ֮ĸ顣
Ȼʱ򣬱İôԺ󣬴һֱĸо
Ǻǣ˵㣬ѽֻһ㣬ǶɾȺɾ˾ͲҪˣ
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ĵҲ˵µĿ⣬ʶˣŮ˾ǺȡΪİӵŮˣ
С㣬ʱҲպգȻ᲻ʶ
ǲ΢΢ͺŰһԼʵİѾȢǿŶİ˵һ𣬾ͿԲµ˵ĸһܺá
ڿĽ·ǿԸԼڵ˿Էֵʱ
İɲһԼȻ˻жĴڣÿζڰε֮İɵоѾŲκŮˡʱۣԶı䡣
˼ʶҪסµĿ⣬ϣ¿ĴڣʱȥסԷߣѾˡ
ÿĻǲÿģѾˣзɾúЦİʶΪвһĨ
ȻǵѾ˶һҲһʱ俴ε£
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ε£ε£
һʶˣǾ֣ôῴε£ŮӦڶʮǰѾˡ
ǹǱµͻȻָŵˣɫҰףƲס˲ǸоΪԣǰһסİɵĸ첲İɣǵ£


402 ˵ģ1
İԽǲñ֪ĴڣԽǲܣ˵ıסİɾͿˡİʶҪܿȻֻôһطӵȥ
˶ϵ³Ŀ⣬һŭƾʲôŮ˾Ϳȥˣεµ֪жôΪҪȥ˼Щ
ôһ룬İзҲ˵סļذŶԷԾǹ¿ġ
ˣˣǵ»ˣ㲻£ûˣǹ
İɵĸִ̫İɶѾֱӺˣΪʱ򣬶˵ǹĻ
ܵİϤϢ΢ƽһ㣬кݺݵһлһĨɣ˲ǹ£ˣ
ʵܵǹԶ˵һ־޴виͷŲ
ε±ΪϵһˣվѾɱһŮˣвȻڶϵ֮ҲֻԲʱȻε»ˣȻĻˣİԽܵǣ¾Ȼһ仯ûУ
İɻǶҲûа취ֿµʴǵ϶Ѿ˷˪ĺۼ֮ǰһֱеԼפзȻڶε֮󣬵Բ붫顣
ʶֻεŮһ죬Զܱȵε£
Ȼ½ƼƼܽεε»ˣŮҪʲô
еĵȻǶˣεҪŮİɵĳ谮ȫöʲôֶΡ˵ģֻҪһ֣İɾͻϲһ˺ͲϲĲɡ
εİеĵλȫûпɱԣǵ뿪İңİı˵ˣֱİɲǺò׽ʵ
ȻεڻˣǲֻҪε¿ںİɽİɾͻֱԼºεһ𣬵ȵǸʱİﻹԼİĵλ
ε´к㣬þòô㶼ȥˣҺɶܵ㣡
ֹĵĻһҫڵҫİҵŮˣһѾİҸųŮˡ
εʶĻӦ뿪ûȤ
΢΢ǶڶµͬʱҲȻǷ˲עŮ˵ϣİ˺ãҲˡ
⻰һֱӾͰѶС˼һٸҴ˳
ȫûбҪȥ׷İɵӰڵĵ¶ԣֻԼĶӲҪġ
һлһĨŨŨĳŮ˵ԼİɾĲİˡ²Ҫ»صİңôȥȫԳʧڴҵǰİɣ
Ȼ֪ЩҲֻͰˣ˵ҪİɵǰԼõһ档
Щ¾ȫùǡ
Ǻǣİİ˸鲻ҹҵĺӣͲǶˣµӾȫ˵ĿҲӶĽǮλȤ
İɺݺݵšüģ˵ĶʲôѵİҹͲĶһ
Цε£ƾʲôЩ㶼ȥˣ˵Щ;İҹԹԵظߣ
İĿ⿴İҹİҹԼŮ˵ҪҪŮߣ㲻ҪŮ˾ǵŮˣ
Цһİ̫ˣľԼôİҹͺܺ
İҹҪĴЩ
ҹ
İҹҵȻĸߡ
ԭŰٷ֮һٵĿ϶İİҹԵµʹޡԼ׵ûо׵ΣҲûӣһʤ˵¡
ȻһжˣİҹȻԸѡεŮһ뿪Ҳİҡ
İҹˣŮߣӴİҺҲûκιϵúõİҵһжģİҵİҵļ
İʱյ鶼ˡ
ݺݵս˫ȭлһĨİԶԶһʱ뵽ľİҹӡ
İɿɲΪסİҹİҶųˡ
ʱĶڶԷиûзϡ
İңİҹиǿп޵Ĵڰˡ
һЩ𣡡İҹлһĨȫûаİɵĻϡ
İҹ̬ȣڿһҺİҹûдӦ


403 ˵ģ2
İɺݺݵüģȷİҹ˵ЩͲϣս˫ȭİҹ㲻Ҫˣ˵Ҷӣİ˵Ѫ
ԣѪԵϵͬİҹ͵£οİҹǵʮ»̥
Ķӣ
ϵ³⣬İüѾεγһֱ֣ϵµĿ⣬ֵĿľΪ˴İҹε£ôô˽ĪİҹİİҵԺһİҶģأѵİҹȥǸҰźͣ
˵İܽܵľεµȻһ뿪İңѵǸ˾ôãεŮԸԼӵеһҲҪͶԷһ
İɣͷŸɾһ𣡡ҩܲ˵ľİ̬ȣѵûµף
һ뵽ԼбСʦþȻ˸ڮٳģҩо𲻴һ޲һͺݺݵذһ١
Ÿɾһ㣡ǺǣƾʲôεóҾͲ˵ˣ⻹ûеˣҾ˵ˣô죡
¿İ̬ȸˣԭһͷŲµ˵һֱôԼġ⵽۹ⲻãԼ۾ˣʱ򶼲ҪʣԼǲϲˡ
ʧĸ̫ԣŪİЩĻһ˲仮һĨ⣬ȻܿڶȰ˵°ǵϣǡ
ɣ㲻Ҫôлúûô»һΣҲ϶Ҫú̸̸֪ôЩúòãǶܹ㣡ôŮˣôܻ͹һԼĴڸС
İһлһĨŨŨĳȻҪѵ
Ǻǣε£ôŵǸҰ˲ҪڲŻҪ»ΪİҹҾͻŲ㣡
һİɶѾõ֮ҪİҹһжΪöӵĹϵﻺ֮Ĺϵֻóѣ֪ᷢ飬ֺαصҪô뿪
εֵǰԼʲôˣǲľİɾķɣ
Ȼһİˣ´ûҪİҹһθ飬ĻǶԼҲǶİɵһĲءصġ
Ǻǣ
²ֻ˵ӣڶѾİɸθۣ˵Ļ
ϵⷬģİҲһζŮ˲ڣŮˡǵǾȻֻߵĵز
Ǻǣ㹻ˣҲƽϹȥ飬İҹ
ĿİɵУ˭Ӧ
İҹһ㶼ûҪİɵ˼Ȼİҹ׼͵һ뿪ġİҴĸ뿪֮󣬾Ҳİҹļң»ˣİҹӵĵȻǸĸ뿪
ˣҹİŭİҹûа취ֱҪİҹһѪ
ֶĪĸͬĵİҹԸںܴİɶһתתȻѾ⡣
Ǻǣİҹ뿪ԣ֪İҲ⣬ǸŮأľƾʵԱε£ֻ˵Ǹˣ
˾İҹĵвİҹͷںǮλȨʧȥİңİҹܱԼˣҪһİΪУ
İҹһ䣬ɣ
벻İɾȻķʽвԼ
ȷڶİңİҹԼȫ׼֤ºĬİȫеһξԼʵ̫ڵ΢ԼҪ˶ˣ
İҹһ䣬ݺݵս˫ȭİЦЦЦݣ˵Ҫǳ֣
İһЩİǰQСȻһˣȻİҹͲһˣ᲻˰ɣ
İɳԼΪܱɣΣֻҪþͺáӢ۲ʳ
㣡ѣȻʲôѡ
ڳ鲻õĻҪ϶Ϊİô飬Ƕĺ֮ǰûε£ʵİɵлĸӵĴڡںԣİɻôеóеһǿưİҹİҡҪһԭİҹεµĶӣԶ˵ˣ
ʵİԼûвƴҪİҹγǸԼ͵֮һϵֻҪİҹİһ죬¾Ͳܻİҳ׳ϵ
ǺǣҵҪ˭вˣ
һӺ˲е˵Ŀ⡣
Ĭ


404 ˵ģ3
һɫ˿£欣һģȴƫƫŮ˵Ĺ˺˵ӢʾѾ˵Ƿʵ
ȻĬİҹǲһĨЦݣôͺһ㣬ĬͲҪԼֱĬԼĽɫҪĽĴڡ
Ĭ
İҹĽлĬ磬һԾǳİҹķȥô˲䣬ʧɫڱ˴˵ֻݵ¶ԷҲ۷ֺ
ĬԼʱİҹȻҲǵһʱĬķȥ
ؿֵİסˣʶʱðͷˣһ۾Ϳ֪ԷİҹĹϵһ㣡һƵ뷨𣬺ܿ±İɸˡ
ȷİԸİҹһ壬ǻǺžȻһ죬İҹϲһˣ
İɲԸţаοԼ
ûѹһİҹϲˣȫûлΪİҵˣһİͳͳİˡ
ŮǲһĨаȵЦݣ״һɣûоóҹ⺢Ӻ˵Ĺϵ̫һ㡭ƺڻɣίİλûз֣ǲԸϰˣ
ɫһ䣬ݺݵҡͷϹ˵ʲôأôܣǸˣղŲ˵ˣİҹһŮǺͶ˻ˣ
ȻİҹϲŮ˲ŵ¶˻飬ҲİԼеĲ²ˣûʵʵݡİҹֱѾʾһֿܣ֮ã
ܱô˿ӰİҹĬ֮ĸ飬һõĻᡣ
˵Ĭ֪İҹѩ˻ˣ֮ǰΪлûţѩĻô׾˻顣
Ĭ׻СԼʵ
ҹˣǻðɣĬһİҹȷƽ£ڿԺݺݵһˡ
Ĭ֮󣬵һʱİҹȴǵõİҹһؼϢ뵽İҹİҵĬһľǱݺݵؾסˣͣس˹
Һãû¾ͺã
İɣǶܺãİҹЦܵĬĹģ˵Ҹ飬Ҫԡ
Ŀתдֻб˴˲Ŷ飬ʱʤ
İҪˣΪĶӣһֱİɵİҽӰ˵ĶӣȻϲˣ
İҼô
һǲǶҾѾ֪飬Բ˻飡
ôţİһѾڵÿԵγˮ޲ȥϷֿ
۵µı飬Ҫɵö࣬Ѿ֪ˡ
ε£ĺöӣǸ˰İҹǷ𣡡İһȣİҹûа취ʱҲѧҵ鷳
ʱ򣬵ҲܲİҹΪںĽӴ˽УԽԼӵѡĬܺãǴΪ˷棬ûеĳͶ£һ˲֪Ҫöˡ
İɲͬĿ⣬·ЦˣĿݣʲô˵ģҹ˾ͺá
İлһĨŨŨĲ˼飬Ķӣˣ
ǺǣЩҪİôҹжٵչˣҵҲҪ֪һĿ⳰ĶİɣŮƵĿ⣬ô˲䣬İɾȻ˵κηĻ
ǵģô꣬İɵȷڽİҹķʧˣȻⲢζܽİҹģ
һ£ѵͷİҹ㲻ܣŮˣ
ƲĿ⣬һǾ仰ֻҪҹѡҶ֧һĸ׵ģܹΪԼĺˡ
֣Ҳİҹҷ֣
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ע⵽Ӣ쪵ˣλİҹסİɺİҹü־˵ƣȫϴĿԡ
һλĳĬвûжٺøУİɶİҹãȻҲλ
Щ˾һ۵ʱ䣬Ѿ˺ദģʽ
Ҫİҹſô׵飡
ĬһлһĨĳİɿĬڳԼǹİҹһˣϷúܣ
ʲôˣ֪İʲôݣ׵СˣΪԼе㱾¾ͿİҪҪԹԵ뿪İҹһһ̣
ԷһѾǲм
Ĭ´һİҹ֮¿İɣ΢΢ҹô죬㸸׺ܲϲҵӣǺôĿҪҪ
İҹĿлһĨ⣬İɸĬΣʶ˱Ķ
Ĭǰһң
˷ȫİɵĴڣУİɸ͹вֻҪǸ˾ͺá
İɽǱùˣ㣬㣬ǣ
ĬɱİģЦˣ˵λҾһҹĸף㻹ôڤ粻飬һҪɢҺҹĻҲҪ²ˡ
Ĭ⻰˵ĽҲʱ


405 ޣʾȨ1
İһöԵγˮһ˲˲ضĬһ˵ôǿҹݰˣE˵ֻҪİҹߣӴİҾͲӲİҹϵõʲôô
ʵҲܹİҪĿĬĸ飬İҹʵ̫ˣټİҵı׾ͻ˵һʱ뵽Ĭǳİҹݶİҹ
İУԼкܶûλĵط˵ĸĲԼĶӡ
һİ˵ʲôİҹϲ˶ϲŮˣһΪһ˶˶ôõһ׮¡һĬİҹŻ
ĬЦһԭİУİҹ۹ôѵ˭˭Ǽⶼֲ
ĿתİҹǵЦȴǲɲ˼֣˵ĻȴǸҪİɱˡ
ҹ㿴㸸׺ҪӼϳȥˣһ˰
İҹ΢΢ͷĬ˵ǵģ㻹Ҫ𣡡
İʲôʱİҹ΢ʱܷƺʲô˶еĶӣȻһСľٶİҹڵԼһ֮󣬻ᱻԷûϢģ
ĬŲİжŭİҪİҹӼϳȥ»
һûζļ壬ʲô壬¿ʼ
ĬǰһصرסİҹļԼʵжѡü΢ҵıǸãԺ㣬ҵģЩ޹ؽҪĶҲãҸһոµ磡
˸ƵĹâܷһȻģŵٹ⣬˸ỳǲܹ⻰
˭˵İҹᱻжǰСЦ٣˻ɵʱ¸ҵվԼ˵һոµ磬һľô˲䱻ˡ
İҹҪĲֻ࣬ҪĬĵط˵Ѿ㹻
֣صصͷãһһµ磡
̫֮ã˭Ҳܴš
İӺñⳡıףԭ˺֮仹Ψĸ顣
ô˲䣬İɸоԼĽİҹһˣηκεĿ⣬±˴֮ĳŵ
İĿĬİҹķҲһˣԼ˵ԣ޺ˡ
ĶİҹǺĽˣ
İ̾ϢһĽİҹĴܹΪʲôİҹԸͶѩ֮ĻҲһҪѡǰһ
ֵã
ȻΨĻİɿﶼþ
İɵĶӣѵҪŲɣ
İҹĹأѵ㣬㡭Ļİô˵ˣͺʲôںʲȥϲ
İлŨŨĲ˼飬ѵİҹദʱƵǸһ뵽Ǹ棬İɾ;жġ
İɲˬİҹ˿ԼԼ΢΢ԣ
İѾȫסˣİҹǶãȻˣˣ
㣡һ֣֮ȴѾ˵еķŭͲʡ
һ۵׻һĨ⣬벻İҹȻʲôʸİռİңһжӦİģ
ϴŨŨڴɣֱӰİҹİҸϳȥ
Ů˼ϸһ죬ƺʲô˵飬סİɵĸ첲ɣһǳֻþˣҹӣô˿Ǹ˰
ȷ翪ţǺзʵҲʲôܽܵ飬ڴ˼棬˻˽»һЩҲǲڣİҹ¶ľеˡ
İһһԲյ˫ȭ΢΢˶Ųסͷǿŭ
İҹһ飬Ҫ뿪ãߣӴҲҪ
İҹһ΢΢סĬ֣ʮָҲֿ߰ɡѾǱ¶ԼľѡĬԲİҡ
кݺݵһ֪Ľ׼ȷĴ𰸣ͺǸ߸ǿʯͷڿԳ䶨ˣһжһ
ҹӲҪ嶯£ʲôܺúģһˣԺʲô㲻Ҫ˵ˣϵڶԾû˵Լǵһˡ
ʱ֪İҹѾټİҹͲϲԼĸֻҪǶ˵ĻİҹһᷴԲˬ˵ֿİǰһӡֶֺΪأ


406 ޣʾȨ2
ǶС˼Ҳܹһİɣˣһ۵ʱͿԿ˶СֻýҴˡİҹ֪ÿζôȰ˵һֻİɸ֮Ĺϵ⣬ȻҲûзϡ
ĬһĿ䵽ϣŮ˾İҹĺĸ׻˵˺͵˺֣ȻİױĲλȻжȻҲŮ˵ֱʡ
ִ֮ķȻҶᣬıȻҲ٣ĬһССҶ˲٣Ӳ˵İҹˡ
΢΢İұİҹģİײףҲӦʲôںʹС
ԸԼҪͳͳˣҲԸСˡ
ĬӣǿСӲ˵ǶԷʹüƲߵĻԼΪĵİҹ
İҹˣ۸İҹ۸Լ
İҹԲ⣬ĬȴӲ
ع˹İҹģлһĨЦݣİҹĿһµĺ¹һ£һͣţ
źߣҹҺͻȻˣĬһѹסİҹļ򣬡˵ⱾǵĶƾʲôҪôø˱ˣĵˡιҲܱ˱֮ˡ
İҹһתĬ˵ȻСһ˼ü΢΢˵ô죡
ϳıֱǿ԰˸׸ˣĬһ죬ٵĸоǼҹһôˣ
Ĭӣһ˲˲ضԼгŨŨͺͰĽ⣬ȻİҹӶҪĬ̼ˡϻһĨȻĺΣƲȥĬ۾ȻǿƲסһתԴ
ĬһˣҹԽԽϲˣǼȻˣһɣһССİңҪҲͰˣԺ󽨸õģݲҹ
Ĭ˵Ļһͣȫͺǲùӵһ
ˣҪİһĬֲĻҪо졣
İҹӣǲʺϺͱ˿Ц˾ͺǲͬˣǾͺڤڤ֮ѾעԵ֣Ȼվһֹ䣬ǱӦ˲Ŷԣ
ĬŲİôסİҹ֣һ⣬ҹ㿴ǣĸȻ鶼Ѿһ䣬Ҳȥɡİ仰ȻǶԵ˵ġ
İҹİ㹻⣬ǻɻǵ¾ȫһˣĬڿ㹻ȷİдûз¹¡ֻҪ֮İɶȻһõĳͷǴĥԷϵĥ
΢΢ͷ˵ʵڵ濴İɶİҹ̬ȣӿ֮ǰʱİҹôġжİʧã߰ɡ
İһĵһǿҵڸԼԼŵǾô뿪һһӣ
վס׼ߣ˵ǿ𣡡
²ݺݵšüģѾһĨͣİɣ㵽׻ҪѾԸˣԼİҹﰭۣʲôҪİô
ϵŨŨĲͷİɲһ飬ûҪİҹϳţһеֻϣܹøá
ңҡô˲䣬ŵ˵⣬Ȼ˵
İɰ춼˵ʲô·ûʲô˼Ҳ˿ˣֱת뿪Ӱһ䣬κһƬƲʣûʲôĵط
İζСŮˣȻֹȥеֻӲĿŵ¾ôԼǰʧҪǰȥ׷ôһ㶯
Ĭ΢΢óʵп϶ǺİˡĬĬתͷһİɣ˿İҹףһЩǲãһȻ˾
İҹȻǺôĵѾˣҲֻǰʯʨӷ紵Ǹɾġ
һζ׷ŵǵĽŲ뿪ĬѾǾˣܰѻ˵̫ףȻǲԸ˵׻ǸˣȻӲòУ
İģԼȥ˵͵֮仹лᣬʲô鶼Ĭõ¾İҲһ¡
İ΢΢һ㶣Ŀⲻһǰʯʨӣķ紵򣬵ȷǸɾķȻ˵һʯʨҪɾ˵ʲô`ŵġ
֪ʲô
İоؿţĬһ֪ʲôĻԲŻ˵⻰ڰָʲô


407 ɣ飨1
Ĭ΢΢һЦʱҪ֪࣬ô׵飬תͷİ¶һĨζЦݣҪİԼôˣȻǲö˵ʲô
İǸˣĬѣȻ˲²⣬ԭǵ㻳ҲԽЩǵӦȥúõһµʱ
ã߰ɣ͡
İǿӲ˿еʲôҲƲסʧĬѾô˵ˣİɻڤ粻飬Զ˵ΪĻһЩˡ
ʧҪ뿪
İвһĨڴ˿ɫ
£ɲҪʧˣ
İɳԼѾһ̫ˣһİɶõѾˣ׵뿪磬мǻںޣʹࡣ֮ʱԸŮֻǸ뿪ٻȷǺúõĻţһ¿Ůˡ
İٴμ£ֻǲ˵ٴμ澹Ȼģ
ϣһйúá
ʮǰм͸̫ĵطİɲûлɹֻǵ鷢̫ͻȻȫİзӦ侲ʱ䣬һ׮׮ӭͺһţԽԽ㡣
İҷʱ䣬γΪЩߣֻЩҲѾû˶壬Ů˻ǲѾİʹġ
һֱ͵͵עİɵı飬ҪϿʲôͬĵطҪʧˡʲô㶼ҪţİĶԵʧˣŰİҹһҪˡ
Ȼʵ̫С
Ů˲ݺݵšüģǷַʮ꣬ûܹ˽İˡ
ɣ׼ô죡ҹӿӣôܾŲܣԺİҹ͸ղǸһ𣬶Ļİ˵
İɶϴ󶫷ϬƺһӿԿ˵ĵȥھе飬˶ã޴Ρ
һ˫ȭģѵİɷʲôһкݺݵطܣİɲô׾ͷˡ
ɣôʲôѵϻ˲ɣŮóľǰĿһתһӿȣƺϾͿԼŶ۲ѡٴ⣬ɣڹңŲµ½㣬Ųȥѵ½ӻҶز
Ҳһ֮ʱ͸Ҫ¶ԼĲ⡣
İҪȥҵ£кԼס˲ģ
ڶĲڶİɵģ
İһôʱȻỳɵ˶ϣʮʱ䣬ǵĶӶѾˡİΪԼǿöӣṴ̊ҪİҵһУǵ׮ʶ֮ǰ̫ãϵϡ
΢΢ҡͷ̾Ϣһ§סļ򣬰Ůһ§ԼĻôᣬôȥҵ£ѾȥˡҪסİҵŮˣ
İ⻰ȷǺůģһ˲䣬ȻԼⱲѾûʲôˡһŮҪĲԼ˵İͳ磬һһͳԼһ˾ͺã֮ǰἳҪһ㣬ûܴİɵϵõҪİȫкͰ⡣
Щʧֻתʹ޺̰ƴҪȥץסһЩʲôӶ֤Լӵй
ǻģȨƽеһ棬波ȨԼķ㣬ͿƲסϵҪࡣһֱڣҲֻһİҲ㶫Ҫˡ
İŶļ򣬲ԾǿôľͲĺԶԼеС
ֻҪȵ֪࣬ȥҵ¡
ʮʱ䣬İʱ򶼻ԼǲԼѾˣ飬Ȼˡ
¿µһ˲䣬İظܵԼڼ٣ӿˮ˼ֱҪһ˸ûˡİһڸԼֻҪе£ǷһУ⣡
ϲһˣͻ˵ľɡ
Ķļ򣬡ˣЩӣö룬һжȥˣúûȥϢһ¡
˵İԼתȥ鷿
Ůһ˲˲ضİɵıӰÿζڸоеһ⣬ܿͻ뿪Ϳ͸Է
İɣеЩʲô
ʵҲᵣġ


408 ɣ飨2
ľĻ԰ŮȻһվԭأͺѾͻľΪһһ㣬İӺʶԼĽŲͺǵԼᾪ˶Է徲һ㡣
ʵҲŲתͷİֵĿ⣬⼸Ĺοˡ
İҹ뿪İˣʣİһӣͲˣѵİɻܹҳ̳İҡ
İ΢΢ͷˣĸײùġһ۶ôÿɫİϲһĨģĸףɫȥǺܺÿ
ݺݵ̾Ϣһôô鶼һɫÿ͹ˣзһ׮׮鶼ѹͷ֪ʲôʱͻһ𱬷ڶİĵĿ⣬ʲô˵ֻܰҡͷû£Щ㶼õģֻҪܺԼˡ
İһ̾Լĸ飬λ벻ס
ĸף㲻õ̫࣬׻ĿġӴո뿪壬ЩãܿͻȥġһİǺŵġ
ϣɣֻϣ㸸ײҪİҹ뿪ͷϡ
ܹԸоİɵ䵭Ůˡλ᲻ףΪףܡ
ȻöĵǣᱻİɸʱֻԼİҪǨŭ
ĸףû𣡡İŶԽѿɫȾŨŨĵġ
İļУԼĸƺԶǸ˵ģ⻹һοĸôģ
ݺݵҡͷһԼһ˸ˡе鶼ѾĨȥ˺ۼİҪȥ飬Ҳֻܿ½ƼƼӰûκιϵ
һ룬Ҳǵ˺ܶ࣬½ƼƼڶңŮҪס˵ĵλ;ԲİɳϹȥ顣
Ů˰ǰףǿԺݺݵһ΢΢İɣĸ׻ûô׸ܣҺܺãҲȥϢɡİҼֻˣһҪ㸸׿ʵ֮һİҾģ
İ΢΢˳飬⣬ĸ׶֪ѾԼ˵ٱ飬䶼Ҫųˡ
ãĸ׶׵ģҲҪúϢǡ
İӻ԰¶ڻ԰ͤС
һжôĲڶһĸӶ˼ַꡣ
İݺݵüģһֱ״̬ȥҲ϶ãΪŮĹԼĸĸҲȻ
˭Ǳߣ
ҺϤ˵𣬴İе˼΢΢һ㶣Ȼʱ˸״ˡǰһһ񣬡ףң
İ΢΢ͷϸһİҹݣƺѾܾûкúÿԼӣȷһϸĸףԼĺӶȱ˹ĺչˡ
ֻӭվԼǰкһɫĽۣϻŨŨĹɫǰѶİɵ𾴡İİҹֵʵ˵Ҳźöǵĵطͱ˵ϲü䣬ŨڵĽüİɡ
괽ݰףлŶԼĽ֮飬Ǻİҹȫһĵط
İҹİɵʱ򣬾ͺԳһҪ˵Ǿһò𾴶ЩѣƺһſǾ
İɬʱİҹԼʱҲǳ˾أȻʱƣһж˸ı䣬кû˸飬ñ䣬ҲҲյ¶ȡ
İһվԭһԼ׵Ĵȴǲһָо˿Լĸ͸Լʲôˣָо˵ʵĺܲá
ȿȣףʲôҪԸ𣡡
֪İ˵İǻػع΢΢ҡͷȻҪԼϵõһο塣İףİܻİҹȫȻͬˡ
΢΢ҡͷû£ÿɺãǰ캫ʦǰ㣬ܺãҪȥʶԼİҹĽʽ⣬ʱİʱİɿʼѧ˷˼ȡ顣
ô꣬˵⻹İһܵİɵĿ佱пƲסһĨŨŨϲ֮飬صصͷл׹ģһṼ׵ϣúŬ
İһ꣬һֱǰİɺİҹ˵ԼĳݵĶ󣬽ܵİɵĹֱ˼Ѫһ
İ㼤ģİԽԼĲˣǵжģȻԼһ
ⲻԽᣬúܺãΪĽԺİҾҪˡ


409 ɣ飨3
İ⻰İɺݺݵסˣлһĨ˼ѵ׼ȫİҹѡԼȻϢʱİȴǸ˲ôԼҪ׸ˣ׼ȷ˵һİҶҪİɸˡ
ףкܶ಻λĵطǸã͸֮Щᣬ֮󣬸׻ġ
İĻȴϲķʽõԼҪĶİҲһ
İһ΢΢ҡͷô׾ͺˡ
İҹûаİҷУ壬İҹжŲʲôλİ˹ϵİҹô»أ
ô˲䣬İоȻڣԼȻһȻһİҹ󣬻һж᲻һˡ
ʱ䣬õĽԽ࣬İоԽԼԲİҹӣҲԲ¡̫ˣҽܷǰ飬һζѡӱܣǺõһСŮ˹Ԯ
İһİӣжҷˣİһֱǶҪĶþͰЩǣҲǵԸ
ˣҲö˵ΪúԼľͺáİѾ˾˭Ȱ˵ı䡣
ֻİҹһӣİеƽѾŵкȥ飬İѾȥ׷Ҫ飬ֻǺúõȥԼҪ
İҪ˵ʲôźİɶѾ˾һֱԼҪӸ׵ľȻʱҲһ
ףҲ֪һ仰İдԵĳɣһԼľصĸףһôԼĸף˭İԸöԷˡ
İЩҪ˵ڣܶԷǲԸܣˣʲôֱ˵ɡ
İݺݵһ˵ף֪ŲµĻǸ磬ҿ㱣֤ҶİûκβģЩڸģҲ졣мĸ׿ܻһЩ飬һжΪңϣײҪ׷ϾϾ
İ΢΢˶٣֮˼ԼӦôݸã֯һԣ˵ϾһжΪĸԵʡ
İԶ飬İ΢΢һȴһҪϣһöӡģʡãȥȥɣҪǰĿǰ
ȥ飬İɲ׼׷һжѾȥһӣǳİĹϵİҲ׷ʲô
ˣȥɡİɴİҪ˵Ļһ¶ԷļЩ鲻˵ôײɡ
ͷһ£¹һƬأİɵĿⶼɱúᡣ
£ǲҲһڿͷҹأ
ʱİоȻѾʼЩȲҪȥҵ£ϵѾĲˣȵһ˽ˣİɾֱӳ
İɾͷ£Զ¥ϵŮ˾ؿװ˭ΣǾ˶ٹ¡
ս˫ȭѾһ˿мͳ˵⵽ǶԼĳһ㻹Ƕİ˼ַ̡
һҹߣͬ˭þôֻİɺͶˡ
ҡ
ʱȥ̫ã½ƼƼѾôһˣԼУȻȴǱһͽ˹Źء
ŶĹż½ƼƼɫüΪѿָʶ£ţԲš
¾Ů˵ԺиֳȴǱ˵ģ½ƼƼԼ˫֣ȻΪе˽Ӷ˵µһÿҹλأ½ƼƼжûа취˵Լȫ¹ȥ顣
ƼƼüĹż˵ʲô𣡡״ʵȻʵеעѾ˶͹żϡ
Ҫ˵ڶ壬ҪǶҵүͶһĸȻ֮ĹϵҲͬһ㣬ǶܻȢ½ƼƼΪޣҲкܴԭŮǶܵġ
½ƼƼôѾˣԶҪȡɷеĵλҲҺãҲõĻ⡣
һ̾ţ㿴ɡ
飬Ҳ֪ģʱ½ƼƼȫҪ˼ܣֱӾͰżݸ˶ܡ
һѽֽһĿʮУݣһ׮鶼Ѿȥô꣬ôͻȻ𣡻Ǹεʲô㲻˵ŮѾȥ
һھǶ½ƼƼָ𣬻Ȼû½ƼƼĸܡ
ȻѾԤϵԶҲʣ½ƼƼлǻƲסۣһᣬ֣صؿǰˡ
½ƼƼ̫ҫۣöЩϰˣһȻƲôʲô


410 ڲߣ1
½ƼƼֻĶǷ̣Щ벻ˣΪʲôҪһӦ˶Ҫε²ԼˣȻԼõ顣
֪ε»ţ½ƼƼзһе𶼿Լ˼֡
԰ɡ
½ƼƼЦЦģио֯}ûţΪԼеĨȻǾ֣˵ҲӴˡ
½ƼƼʲôʲôҪ˵ľֱ˵ˣܺݺݵš׶ģһͷģ䵽½ƼƼо͸Լоֵ
Ǻǣôˣ½ƼƼǷǶòɣܣʣ½ƼƼô꣬һĲλҪҲã
ڶܵУ½ƼƼƺԶǸһԵСŮˣĬĬеһУȴȫһģǿƵģܶе㲻˵ˡ
˵㲻ãⲻһ䣬ͺҴˣ½ƼƼˣ
ǵģˣò֮ǰÿˡ
½ƼƼǳǺǣǰҴʶ˲壬һΪǶҵ˶ʲôˣԭﶼ˵ģ̰ȻǵĻԵ¶֣һ⣬춼ȥˣ¾ȻûȻû
½ƼƼЦȥͺǷһ
ܾͿ߱˶Լκβصĵطһ˦ȥֻžһ½ƼƼʶסϻһĨ˼飬㾹Ȼңܣ㾹ȻҴң
Ҳ΢΢һ㶣΢΢Щ۵ƣʹ˻û顣
½ƼƼ˲׳ֵİӡɫĪĶִˣ
Ҫ֪һҪݺݵؾˣҪ֪ܿڶгĺƢҪ˵ִˣð˶ܣķŹԷԼϣĶˡ
Ƕ۵ҲǾȣ½ƼƼߵ⣬ȻƲҴǴˣ˵ģѾεŮˣ³ˣ½ƼƼѵ㲻׼һ˵
˵ףеԹͳͳԹΪƽ
ܶ½ƼƼûжٸ飬ǶдϣȫŮˡ
½ƼƼǿˣֲסԼϵգѪѪѪɫŮ˵ԽϬá
ϺʹǶȲеʹ࣬ǿˣ
ӲϹһĨɫ̼Ŷܵ۾ʶһ½ƼƼں˵ʲô
Ǻǣһãʶ˲壬ǺǣǶõӦģܣ㲻ϲң㲻ҪȢңֱӸң½ƼƼûô¼һҪ㲻ţ
½ƼƼЦһԼͰȻ¶ֳܱһ㲻ԸģҲˡ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳˡ
Ǻǣ˵Щʲô壬ֺңȻΪһῴŮˣ
Ȼ˫Ѿ˵ˣҲûôǡ
⳰½ƼƼץסİѱô֪Ҳϲ£Ȣ㡣ô꣬ҶûŮˣѾ御ˣȥСҲ
вض½ƼƼתתİѾʼɵ飬鵽Щıжֱʣ֮ĸ鶨ȻҲܵв
һݣ۵׻һĨ͵Ļ磬ֻҪ½ƼƼˣʲô鶼ûˣ˭˿ڲɣ
½ƼƼͶܶޣֻҪԷһ½ƼƼоѾԴϲµʲôˡ
⳰
ܣһø簡ôڻҪɱңѽɱѽɱң಻ţͻ˰ѵİǰǺǣҲһˡֻ˵İ֪Լ߶ӾȻôһЫĳ˻ô죡
½ƼƼЦؿŶܣǰһԼĲ쵽ܵǰ㲻Ҫѽ
ڱƶܣںͶһͺǱһĳһ֮½ƼƼѾ׼˽Ľ
½ƼƼܴףզУֻԼòҪȫǿԱԵĴڡôҲֻлϵŻˡ
ȻǺһģһΪ˶ҸҲĶ½ƼƼʲôһ¶һЦƼƼ˵ʲôأҷһôܻҪɱ㣬ҵʲôˣ
񶫷˵ʲô½ƼƼܻˣ⳰Ǻǣ𣡡¸ղ˵ղǻһͶˡ


411 ڲߣ2
½ƼƼɫҲǲȻˣƼƼҲҪô˵лú˵
½ƼƼ⳰ܣ㲻ɱңԺͲҪٶҶֶţ½ƼƼöġ㲻Ҫڣ
Ҳʲô鶼˳½ƼƼҪĵĶᱻİɻɣз겻ѣûãʲôæﲻϡ
һתֻҪ½ƼƼҲͶйأİôܻ뵽ݺεµǶ⡣
ƼƼ֪Ҹղ˵ãǸҲҪ룬İ˵˵࣬İɻŹǲһϵƣֻǺúõģпܺúõġ
ȻǿȲУ͸ĳɺȰ
½ƼƼеȻ׶⻰˵ҲǼΪѾҪȥͲôһ׵顣
½ƼƼ˵һ׼ȷĴ𸴣оͰ˭ֻ֪ᷢʲô顣һ½ƼƼķˣԸԼҲаѶһҶˮҲһܵ顣
ƼƼأ
˵ףΨһĲǶˡ
ţ˵ƺҲͦеǾɡ½ƼƼһʱѾٺͶ˵ʲô
˵棬ת뿪
½ƼƼת뿪ܻǵһθоôܶѾԼܹƿصķΧֻϣĽǺõġ
½ƼƼţȫһװ磬װŮ˸ԭģ½ƼƼ¶ԼݣŸ˻뵽ϡ
˶ҵĴţͺһͨСˣŹ˺ü䣬ǵĿĵء
ţûоκ˲ܽ
Ů˽¶һ˫˵۾Ѿ㹻һϢĸоذϵɴ¶ԭģ
½ƼƼԼʵҶ֪ĴڣŮҪԼһܵһ
ˣʲôҪԸȥģɫ·СŮսսض½ƼƼ۾һݶŮˡ
Ҫ˵Ǵĵ½ƼƼļûмȻ½ƼƼ½Ҵ֮⡣󲿷˶Ǳ½ƼƼҩƵģ½ƼƼóööҩȱ˾ͷ
ȥһˣε£
ӶѾյȷϢεĳˣûȻ½ƼƼҪٴȷһΡ
ε£½ƼƼߵСѾͷ֪ε֣΢΢һ㶣εǸε𣡡С㣬˵С㣡
½ƼƼ͵֮ĹϵܺãߵСѾͷġ
ܵسƺ֣Խ½ƼƼԼ꾹ȻΪһ˶˱Ѻѵ顣һᣬ䵽ĵزҲǱӦһɡ
صصͷǣǵ£СϤҲ²ٴ˰ɣͽˣܲ鵽µˡ
ǣС׮ͰϡСлǺϲµģӡеµӺܺãһֺøС
СҲ֪´İ뿪龹ȻԼС㱳ĹȻСҲ˵Ļ
Сİ뿪СôõˣôԲİ飬˶óС˾İˡǿϧˣһʲô˼ʵСҸݺˣЩݺСһܵӦ
С⻰½ƼƼϵɫԽѿˡ
ݺµͳͳܵͷԼһ׵壬Ҫ֪Ǹʱ½ƼƼԵֵʱ򣬿û˿ĵط
ע⵽½ƼƼɫı仯ԭһ˷ܵСҲɽˣó֪С»عϢԼСƺûкܺá
С㡭
½ƼƼϲŨŨķ꣬˻֣ˣҪ˵ˣ鵽µϢһʱ֪ͨҾͺãҪöҵ˷֡
ǣˡ
ڵ뿪İûжã½ƼƼͼ޵˶ңƺʲôϵֺʲôϵûС
ҹ
˶ڷѰҵµ䣬ĵȴȫһ飬Ѿͨ˺ܶ飬úɡ
£ˣ׼İɡҩϲɺݺݵšüģóиûзİɣȻòײѹİߵİ·Ľֵȷ̫ϧˡ
»İҹĬ˵ĻתϢഺ¶ԭ֮仹ôõķΧŵҲۡ
ʦ֣㿴ҹĬദһãǶѾˡ̾һûз仯Ѿ˺ܴĸı䣬Կܶ飬ʱľᡣ


412 ڲߣ3
ĬǺЦǰʵˣһľѾˣԭһô׵顣
ͻȻ뵽ʲôֱ˵ҹʲôʱпգһһǰɣžˣĸҲӦûˡ
İҹĬǴǳģĬ˵Լ飬ⲢʾĬȫҡ
һĬѾİҹĸĸûеõǵͬ⣬Ѿ棬෴İҹûмĬĸĸ
ãһǿɡİҹͷĿϻһĨţֱͦģ䵽ĬУԵøӿɰˡǰһסİҹĸ첲ü΢ҹڽ𣡡
ĬĽҴеС˼İҹԴһĨȻΣôþôˣƲûС
ûУǣˣҹԭҲţŤİҹĬֻÿɰˣһ¶Էļ򣬡İɣҸĸǺܺýˣΪģ˵ϱҲҪŵġ
ϱҲҪţ
İҹĬԽ׵ԣɺݺݵس˳ǣĬУǸϱ
Һܳ󣿣ü΢жһĨв
Ĭһ㶣ʲôʱİҹİҹǺģһֲҿĸоʵ˺رⳤ࣬ĬУ˭ҲȲİҹ
ʲôʱ˵ˣܺÿȻڻҵ۹ˣҪ֪ҿǿģ
һ俴Ĭ˵ȻǷǳĬһչ¶˺ܶ顣
Һҵ㿴ùȥİҹ򣬶ĬһǷģǺЦҪ׼ʲô
һţȻʲôһ뵽ϾҪĬĸĸİҹ˵ţƭ˵ġ
ãͺˣ㿴Ҳû׼ʲôĬصصͷתһȦܱûע⵽ߣһסİҹĲӣİҹ˳ƱĬ١
ǰС˶ʪĺİҹĶߣֻĬЦˡ
˵һ˶ҵˣﻹҪʲôԺ㣬ҵľģĬԻڶߣģ¶ĺİҹһ֮ĬѾᷢ顣
ƺʲôתһɣİҹвһĨΣ⻰Ӧ÷˵Ŷԡ
ãģҵģȢ㣡
һϣİҹûȫɥʧǣİҹʲô鶼ҪĬò˶ã֮ĸҲ⡣
ĬҲͬ⣬΢΢ҡͷİҹҡҡָü΢⻰ɾͲˣ㶼ʲôİҺôİɣҲģԹԵģȢ㣡
ƺôŪİҹһرа飬ôţҪĬЦĽࡣ
óĬںԼ˵棬һãԺͿˡ⻹ǲĬȴĬҪģͷģģĬţһ˻ûġ
ⶼǲ֪Ҫ˵Ĭʲôźˡ
ߴOO@@İҹһϲһĨأĬҲɽ˼֣ŵؿܱߵɫ䡣
İҹһѾȷԷĴڡ
Ĭ˳İҹĿ⿴ȥĲݴһ㷴ӦûУʲôʲôûСĬɺݺݵšüģиû˿Ļɣһں档
ͷųԼʶĬΪѾ֪г˴ʦʶȻҲһ˿ԱȽϵģҲǡ˶ڲݴԺˣȻ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣ֪˶ԷͷвһŨŨĻƸУʵ벻Ȼǳġ
һҲǷеĽţһ˻Ǽ֡
εҲɾ˹ҹˣ
ǶѾ뿪İˣѵҪǹȥ²šüģѵ䵽ĵزѧ˷֣ڹȥȥͱʲôľףѵС
Ů˽壬ϴһĨأȻ˿̵ǰѶԷǵĳİҵȨˡ
ĸõģ˭ҲҶ֣ĬοǸˣöԵ³ֲĹ¡
Ҵ
İҹüģĿⶢŲݴԵķǸоԷĶ⣬İҹѾˡ
ݴ˺ݺݵس˳ǣѾȥˣϵĳվ˳ȥ
ҡ


413 ࣬ʾã1
˻شӲݴ˳ϴһĨȻǳЦǼ¶׵Ĵþòּˡ
ؿɾͻǵǼݺݵŵˣô
ôüģдԵĲ˼飬Ȼûİɻ֮ǰ˾һֱ͵͵زڰڼǣ¸оԼԽԽˣİɣʲô˼
İɶϵʵı飬ɬȻһҹҹɫҾǳ£İɲڣ˵ĻԼúܼ١
Ĭҹգϵҹɫƽʱʲôͬĵط
İѾͦԶ˰ɣİҹܵҲǹԶˡҩжİɴŭſ֮Ծûаĵط
Ǻǣã㿴ôܹϣ˵˱˴֮Ե֣һ̰ɡİƤҲѾԽԽˣ˵⻰ʱƵĿһ˲˲ضŵ£˾ǳŵ¶
ǿİ̬ȣĬоҪЦİҲ̫Ťˣй£ƴҽԼıԣҶѾˡ
Ŀ䵽µϣڵľȨϣȫԼ
òҿһ̡
İС֮ǰİҵʱˣϴһĨԵĽš
ȻƳİһۣİɲһѾǿ֮ˣʱȻŵһëͷСӵȴԼİĻӦ
ǹ˹İɵΪ䵽µоͱһ˿žǶĲˬѾ˶˵ӣǵĶӣʱǰм˼ҪҫԼ
⳰²Ǻܷ㣬İǴͻȥɣСݲ𡣡
İɳʱѾ׼ҪӦĽģ˵ʲôżߵġ
ôᣬҾúܺãһ϶ռطһͺá
Ĭеľȶʵʻˣ⻹ǸİҼôͻȻĸоһƨ棬˦Ҳ˦
İҹһԼĸףֻҪ±ֳһ㿹ܵģ͵һʱİɸߡȻİҹУĸ׵ĵλǱȸҪҪ̫ˡ
ǵĨԽŨˣİƤЦģɱ뵽˺ܶܶǰǸոʶʱİҲ
ʱ³־˵İɣгԼҲô˲䱻İɵĺòˣһʤ߼СŮ˴ûҪİİɵϵõʲô
Ǹʱ򣬵²մҩȳӲϵȻҲ֪İɵݡİһ£м䵱ȻҲٲ˺Ƥ׷棬ǱİɸɹȢؼˡ
ŮɫĪԭΪȥԼѾͳͳˣȻֱʱ򣬵²ףԼû¹
ɬȻȾһĨ
˼İҼ뿪ɣİһĺӺڵؼҡƴԼҪ侲װģǵ˵ڵʱԴһĨԹ
ǸֻԼƤЦˣȢŮˣЩССˣƺһֶôȻ
Ҳţ˻Լ
µµĺ⣬İһɣ۵ײȾһĨԵЦ⣬£ڹңԴˣƵⶢŵµ۾ƶ͸õ²ϰˡ
˭ˣ˭˵ҳԴˣûУ
ºݺݵشϣ˵ʲôЩѾŮ˵ˣε´ľһһһ˫ˣԷԸҪ
ܶණԷȻ棬ôȣŮ˷һɷ򣬾һ㣬붼öġ
İһɣ¶һĨЦݣһķǵСŮˣȥ»Ǻ͹ȥûһı仯
Ůһ򵥵񣬾
İԵµʱԶ
ĬתתİɵתµϣвһĨȻԭ˭ҲŲ˭ǼȴǱ˿ϧ
ָṴİҹģİҹ΢΢һ㶣Ĭ⣬ʾ⣬ߣ
İҹһ¿һԼĸĸпİɵΪȻһԼĸеֿҲȫܶԷԵͷҲʲô飬Ĭ뿪
Ĭ뿪ҩϵȻ׵ºİɶѾкþúþûм棬еĹ֮ͺͱ˲һˣҲת뿪һռ룬Ƕкܶܶ໰Ҫ˵ġ


414 ࣬ʾã2
ɫȣߴŵ磬ͺŮƣظ΢ԣ˿
Ĭİҹĸ첲˲Զߣһͷҹвõǣһ˸Ĺâ
ƺϵɫǺرأҹûĸо
ĬоԼҲˣһǱİɸˣŽƽʱûжٲɫȻС
ȻĬԵİĬ˵ٲ׵ĻİҹĲıʾͬǲһģĬЩ˼ˡ
Ļƺûиоȴģ˵򳪸
ţڣľɫ־ôһ䣬һϣĬûκοŵ˼˾ԼΪҫ۵ǳ
İҹ⣬ʯ㴿ͫĵӳĶԼӰӣһ۵ʱͿ˳
ĬһԼҪҪôˣҪһȥˣɫ˫׵ԨһСһ˶ǵ˽ȥٲһ㡣ĬʶҪܿİҹõ⣬һ˾ͺѾԼƣֻ˳Լߡ
İҹûи㣬ж
Ĭһ貣ֳɻһҪ˿ˣǷһ
һʱ䣬˵İҹһ񫣬ô죬Һˣ
İҹ©һģĬһظԼһ񫣬ĵһĵط紺绯꣬һƯСϢ
˵񫣬ĬİҹʲôҲ𰸣һӵʱ̫̣ǲŽֻһͷʱ䣬İҹҪһӵʱ䣬дһƽĹ£ǰСˣԼ塣
ĬӦİҹһѽ§סĬļһȫһ϶ֱҪϢĸоƫƫĬԷ§ڻֻһ
رסİҹļ§˵ĲӣҹɫǺ
Ĭһİҹıʾ
İҹ࣬ҲڱĸˣֻҪһ򵥵ĬѾ˶ԷҪк壬΢΢һжôҸ
ԭΪİҹʲô˵飬ȻȻˣ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣İҹ⣬ô˲䣬ΪԼ˻þҹ˵ʲôңҸղû
İҹΣЩŤҪظȻڶĬƵ⣬еĵͳͳΪޡֻҪǰ˶ˣһж˦
˵ֻ˵һ顣
ĬصصͷСϴŨŨڴǼղĬҲȫûֻҪİҹ˵һ飬ͬҪȷеĸһ
ţţ֤Ͳֶֻ췢ˣСģԶİҹġ
סĬ֣İҹůסĬĬһͣСҸ˵ڴİҹ˵Ļ
İҹȻĬнţͬİҹҲɺݺݵһ룬Ĭ貵⣬ƺҲǴһĨȻĺΡ
Ǻˣ
Ĭɺݺݵصɴ˫ۣ벻֮꾹ȻܿİҹģԺ˭˵İҹһûи飬䵭ı飬һҪݺݵȥ
ɣİҹ϶˼ȥӿɰˣĬʾԼҪƲסݺݵؿһڡ
ڻԣİҹѺĻ˵ˣ֮Լ
ĬĿˮֻ˿ˮȥҿܲ룬ʱ򻹲ܶʲôһӣҶģһ±ӣģ
Ĭһͣ˭˵İҹˣ
ԸоԼİҹõˣһĶҪһܿƣô˲䣬ĬȻ֪ԼȻôı¶Լ顣
ܿĺܿģ
һĨٲõЦݣ޲Ҫȫ棬ԼھѾõõһУ
İҹĬɵģһľͱúôɵɵСˣô˵ĬڵıѾ֪⣬İҹһҪĬĻӦ
İҹһ˵Ļﻹһ㵣ģֻĬ׸һӦ󳾰䶨
Ҫô˵
Ĭ΢΢šüʵ̫ˣңңңҹ̫ˣȻĬѾĵ״ˣȫ֪Լ˵ʲôˡ
Բܱʾе˷ܣĬסİҹҹҺܿģ


415 ࣬ʾã3
ҩ̾Ϣһһһ¼ҹвһĨ̾ϢĽǶúõģҩҲԺݺݵһ
İҹĬ߸ҲǷٽչİɵȻҲԼҶӣҪһҸžһİɸǼӿٶֺԼţֲȥ飬һͷʼ
ҲǱŤİôţڣʵİɵĿ̫ȣҪһ˶һ
İԵµ̬ȣǺ֮ǰˡ
²ɺݺݵšüģѾµİɵ˼Ǻǣİɣ˼ҺҹѾ뿪İˣǺûʲôϵǸ߸ϵİҼƽ񣬲Ҫǣˡ
һǧ֮ӣİɵһۡ
ԼԲĸӣʱӲܾôˣ֮ǰİоѾ⣬ܷʲô飬ǰѻ˵Բܱôߡ
£ҵĴʲôҲãһᣬ¿ʼòãǻҹİתתеĶҡлһĨϲ֪һŲԼ
ֻҪŮﻹԼİɾ;Ѿ㹻һԼ֤Լ
ô˲䣬İһ棬лһĨ̺ĶеĲ̺Ķܿ뵽֮ʧΪᶨı䡣
ǶôŮˣԼгκεиԴҲˣǿҵĽ񱣬Ů˻ԼɷŮ˲ûжĹعϵڵµϾȫ
ڵµУݲĵˣˣĸѾٴ⣬粻Ҫ
İɣҪ˵ʲô˵Щʲô壬Һҹĺܺã㻹ǻȥɡİһӺͺӡ
ӵȻ˵ľǶ
ʱİɲҪἰκˣرǶʱԲȢӡ
£㲻Ҫ֪ģҵʼվֻһˣ뿪֮һֱ㣬ȻҼѾһ½һ׳죬ȻһûҵӰֱ֮ңҲǡ
İιΪص£ȻɵἰŮˡ
һͣ׵ģ׵ģվİɵĽǶϣ뿪İңߵʱϻ۵㣬İɻ֮¿ʼѾ御
ԾǵҪİɣûа취
Ů΢΢ͷһ̾ףûй˼İúܺãѾܺˣԴӶʮǰʱε¾Ѿˣ֮ˡ
ˣ׵ؽ
⻰ǵԼ˵ģǵȴǱݺݵһһѪ죬ʹʹȻŮȴ˿չʾͺ˵һ޹ؽҪһ
İƴҪӵµϿһ㲻ͬѹƺµݼʵ̫ãȻκε
İһʹŮôôģ˵ۣ˵εµУͲ֮Ĺϵ
Ҳͬ⣬֮ûнǺúõģôܻİɴһסµĸ첲˵ʲôܷſŮˣε£Ҹ㣬ֻҪİһ죬֮Զܽ
Ҳǲһӱİ׺ݵģŵˣ΢΢һ㶣İɣ㲻Ҫӣһжˣǻزȥˡ
İɺݺݵšüģģ
£֪ҲӦò㣬ίˣ¿ʼòãѾİ΢ģֺˣҲֻԵµʱ򣬲Żչ¶һģ
İĿ⣬ô˲䣬¾ȻҪͷˣȻǿԼ侲
İɣǲ㻹жİǶ޹ģ¿ʼҪô죬İ㲻̫Ȼ侲ؿǰˣѾ˳嶯͡
˵ЩİеȻͳͳףΪףŻоʹϧվǻزȥˡ
һŮϵľ˱ˡ
İս˫ȭ£Ĳܽѵǵĸ鶼Ǽٵģ˵ˣ㲻ҪˣŭָȻһжعƽİɸȥָκΡ
һ˾˳ܵʱ򣬶ܼǵһöԷϣһǺܰܰǸˣԸԼѹҲöԷܡ
İֿͰ͵ģȻͺǱ˸ĳһ㣬ٶŭͲƽҲͳͳɢˣ̾һİɣûУҡ
ûУȻ˵ľǵ³İ֮⣬Ҳûˡ⻰Ǻܺõİοİɡ


416 ¿ʼ1
İɲһ֪ĵں˵ȻˣѿһĨõЦݣҲƲסͷļһǰǰŤСŮһ§
£׵ģҶף¿ʼɣҾֻˣòҪ𣡡
İѵõʾ˭˵˾һҪԼŮǰֳǿƹҵһ棬ʵʾԸӼǿ֮ϵ˴֮ĸ顣Ȼİõľ취
ҪѿİɵĻʮʱ䣬İڿӵסԼŮˣ÷֡ȫ뿪Ŀܣذ£֪ˣ鶼ҵĴ¿ʼòá
ϣܹİɷҲֻεˡ
ŮᣬѾˣšüģӶˣȥ׷ȥĶԹЩ׸
Ȼõ¾ô¹ȥĶԹԹкԼĴȣʲôûз
İһ֪Ե¶Թģ϶ô׷Ź˺ԼˡȻİиǣ겻˭˵£Ȼ˺СŮȴԼ
Ե᲻ԭԼ
ţԷص̫ʱûʲô֤ݣ㣡İһ棬΢΢ǵҪģȻҲΪµף
⻰˼İɲûаѵǰֻԸԼΪˡ
½ƼƼ
̾һȻεѣȴĻ֣ǸݺԼˡ
½ƼƼȻŮˣİһݣ¿϶Ļش֤ͷĲ²⡣
½ƼƼİңȡõµΣȷõ֡
ҲˣİҲǺܱ
˵õһĴžǣ½ƼƼ㾡ûܹ޸İΪޣҲһֱӦɡ
˵£İһɨ֮ǰɣһأǣһ뿪İ֮ҾͿʼߵˣеĹؼ㶼½ƼƼϣֻǺ½ƼƼ޵˶ңЩҲӰΪҵĹϵҲֻ֮ܲˡ
½ƼƼ޸˶ܵ飬ȻҲţİ˵ȴǲɾùֵֹġ
İɵϻһĨɣ֮ǰĬ˵ôﶼжҵӰ
Ϊ˶ŲİɡвȾһĨԹİɺͶôķޣôܻûи顣
Ƕ磬İɾǳŶӣҲټȥ
İһ΢΢£Դ𣡡ϵ²˼ģİиܹ϶²⣬Դˣʲôأֻ㣬ֻ㣡ΪʱûֻЩͺ˿һѾ裬Ѿû·ȥҲһ
İ˼ɵڵǰ¶ԼĴһ棬Ǳ˵ҲãΪԼŮˣİɾûʲôǲġ
ºһͣİһ飬иκλɵ顣İҲûκҪֺԼıҪ
İɲݺݵšüģƺǵĵ²Լ⻰һ£ҿڼ׷ģҲټʱ䣬ҲˣԲû׷ôʱȥҪа취ġ
ˣ㡣
΢΢ҡͷԼûлİɵ˼µȥѾûκ塣
̫ˣߣԺҲҪֿˡİ鼤סµĸ첲ſ
òϣô˲䣬µĶˣȻܿͷе뷨
İô죬ĺô죡Բİǵɲڣºݺݵšüģһˣԭ˽ҪȫȫռжԷ
ǺǰһԵݲκˡ¸ոռ޽İҵʱҲв֪˳Ȱ˵İ檵ģʱûİҹҪİŮˡİΪ֮ףҪͽİɵҲ١
ʱ¾ô˵ģİɾһ˵ˣİҪôҪҪôȥȢŮˣ֮İɵȻѡˣһһһ˫ˣʵҲǲ
˵ģֻˣ㶼ҪˣҾһС
İһ棬˽µӣҲΪ˽⣬᲻õίСŮҪĽİɾƴȫҲһĴ𸴡
İ֮ǰѾ˵ܶĻ»ûзϣȴǲòˡ
΢΢һ㶣ŮϴԵĲ˼飬ôܣѵ뿪İˣ
㣬㡭
İ΢΢֣صصͷԼԼİҸˣ޼ҿɹ飬Ը𣡡


417 ¿ʼ2
²ɺݺݵس˳ǣ֪İİ취ûа취Լıԡİ˵ԼҲ뿪İҵʱ򣬵¾ѾˣһۣһİɣǺαأ
ĳѾˣ¶ŨŨϲãʲôбҪģʲôûбҪģֻҪ˵ֵõģѾ㹻
黰ͺǲҪǮһһһشĳ
΢΢šüģ뿪İңİҪô죬ѵĲİҺԶ߸߷ɣ˵󣬵вȾһĨڴȻ᲻ɸоĻҲȤ
̫ĹǣİҹһףԼİҹ֮ⲢûʲôǣңİɲһҪеİҵΡ
ˣİҪô죬ɣǲô˽Ů˺ݺݵҡͷֱ󣬵лΪ˱˿ǡ
İижԼϲŮˣзŲСŮˣ׾ٵش򶯵
ҶѾΪİ˴뱲ˣʱֻΪԼİôȵͺҪ
¶ЩˣİɲЩڵദͺ͵һ
Ƕأ
ǸŮˣȻٴŮԼǰͻ䱿̫෴Լ
ʱ֪ӦἰŮ˱Ǽҿİɺε֮ĴһʲȥҲ²ʹ࣬ȴҲ·
İֱʱ򣬵ﻹ뵽ʵİиӲˡ뵽µ˵ͺŮйأǶûйϵǶҿ϶ںҲһزٵĽɫ
ʲô뿪İңÿ԰İҵͳͳİڶ˻ôܻ⡣
İлһĨȻǺԸϣڶԼɷİҵȨƱ˲ֻһǰ㣬Ů˾İɿŶЩԼ֮ǰ۹ˡ
ºһȻ˵ĻеܹⶫˣеľһԼϣúþӪԼǸԵˡ
İİ֮뿪ˣǱľˣ
ȻҲԣѵǶ
İ΢΢ҡͷ˵ɵÿ˶һЩڵ鶼ȫ⣬ܶʱ˸ӵǽǮ棬ֻȨ
лһĨƶǶ飬صͷİ˵ӦİҵһУİˡ
İҲܺķ𣡡Ŀһ˲˲ؿİɣһİңǷҲƬ̵ĲᣬϵĿ⣬İɷЦˣص˵Ů˵ĶͷĻڻ
΢΢ͷ֮ǹ˵ǶԷ˪ͬ˿ķʽʹںܴĲ
ĻҲ
ɿˣ֪İɾȻΪԸİеһУвҶ϶Ǽٵġ
İǰ§סµļһˣң㻹Ը𣡶ԲԭİӦýҹӵУڱҽ˱ˡ
ѾܺˣҹЩ
˽İҹ˵һ֮󣬵ȻپܾİɣɵؿİɵĻУ̾һɣҸоһоͺһһˡ
İ۵ᣬͷųŨŨᣬǰһжô˾ȣȻϧǣǷֿˡ
εĻԶҪˡ΢΢ͷǶǰŨŨ
ֻԸʱܻ²ϣǱ˴˰Զһ
СɵϣⲻΣǻԶһҲֿ
ʵǵºİ̫֮ãĬǴӺôߵһ˽ӵƺʲô鶼ܰǷֿ
ҹͲĸعɺˣǿž;úĽ
֮󣬱˴˻ܹǷݰһݼ־㹻˸жˡ
İҹڿİѰʱ򣬾ѾµڵĽ֣ĸ״ûķ¹סֻҪԸ˲ĸ϶±׸ж
ԴϵָһսĬ֣ȵ¶˳ĴݹȥҲԶһ𡣡
ĬһͣԶʾȻô˲ãһһһΪõʡ
Ҳġ


418 ¿ʼ3
İԴӺ͵˺ͺ֮󣬻ճƤһڵµߣһ̶벻£ֻҪڵµĵط϶ܵһʱ俴İɣİҹŶеͷˡ
£Ұζôˣһ˰ɡ
ˣ
İʲôڵµߣȵİҹԻ߲ɼһЩҰȴܵһʱѺö֮һڵ͵ϣԱ߼һΡ
Ĭǳ˳飬벻ԭİҼϿ岻ѵŮˣʱȴǿȥôͣرԵµʱ̬Ⱦû˵ˡǽһģ
¶Щ˼ˣô˵棬İɴҲ֪Ů΢΢죬һİɣСĵؽӹİɵݹҰ
ҹĬʦ֣ҲҪңҶԵɣúϢһ¡
⣬°͸ŵΣȥӺÿˣİһԺвֳ龰вһĨŨŨȡ
£㲻ùǣһԼԵģҲˣһ²ǣȻұ·ɣİһǺ޲˶֪ǵĹϵ
ϣˣ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣôԵţǶǳˣö˵жٶܹµİ⻰е˼ɶ࿴һ۵µףɫ󣬴ĬÿĽߣ⻹Ǳģ
û뵽İǶѾôˣⷿеȤȴһ㶼٣˵ò˶ã»ܸİҹһܵܡ
εһҪˣݺݵصһİɣҲûûģȻߴҵ˵飬¶Ҫܲİˡ
ǲҪİɺ˵˵ҺܺãûУ
һЩõĸо
Ĭصصͷʾжܹģ΢΢ĸǶ⣬Ͳñط꣬Ҫúദˡһദʲô˼ȻҲס
İɴһĬ΢΢ͷ֮ǰҲѾ˵Ĭİҹ˵飬һĬҲ֮ǰƫ
΢΢ҲҪϣĬ֮⣬İҹ䣬ҪİҹСϲ
İɴСİҹ֪ĪİҹǾǿƢ᲻ֻҪİҹ϶飬жôѣİҹᾡԼŬȥԴ鵱ȻҲһ
˭Ȱ˵İҹʲôЧ
ߣСӼҼҵĶʲôԷ˵İһҲѵãֳһҰӶĬ
ĬʶӹİɶҰлһĨ˼飬İɾȻѹӷһȻֻһźܲ۵ҰеĺǴͬİɵ̬ȡ
Ըˣ
Ĭһ⻹ǰеİɵߣĺȫһһ
лĬһסĽ̻塣
ĬİһҾ
İ۵׻һĨ⣬СӲܹ˼ں˻ᷢʲôҲѾİɿԹܵˡ
ͺǵ˵ж︣ȻԼѡ񣬺ҲԼѧȥԡ
İҹǹ˹İɵ˵ͷ⻹ǵһİҹİ¶϶ı顣лл
Ĭ˵һлͬҲԼел⣬ллܹǵĸ顣
İҹϿĮʲô鶼ģʵˡ
İҹԼˣһϲˣһԼˣȻҲϣܹﵽһƽ⡣Ĭ֮ĸ飬ôİҹȻ⣬ǵºİ˵̬İҹò顣
İһȻõİҹһ䡰ллͺǷ´½һͬŤŤͷߺߣ·ͿԼˣҲܲǡ
Ĭеĵģ֤ĸǷģһúõģԶҸһ𣡡
ʱĬѾðԼʵŮ˵İҹǻԼ֮ǰҲˡ
һ£ĸһҪǣĬݺݵս˫ȭһݣС֣أҹʵңҡ
ĬѺĻ˵Ů˼𣬴ԡ
£㣡Ļţ̫ˣû̫ˣ
ʶעĬŲŮˡ
ĬҲ˳ƿ˹ȥ
Ů˴ɫĳȹͷһöҡҡŮ˵ĽŲһһεس߹ŮϻһĨڴɡһ˲˲ضεµϣƺȫֻʣµһˡ
ǵ²ĸĺѣ


419 ڣȥ1
ڿŮ˵ʱҲɺݺݵһ£۵׻ŨŨĳѾˣ½ƼƼ̬ʲô壬ֲʧ˹ȥ顣
½ƼƼŮ˾ǻ˻ң¶ܵһʱϳ
İ֪½ƼƼŮݺ˵£õֻʹ뿪İҡûеᣬ͵֮ͲЩᣬǸӲֿʮʱ䡣
Ҫ֪мʮʱ⣡
½ƼƼŮˣİȵ¸ʹŮˣʶأİڵµǰס˵º½ƼƼ֮ߣɥĲŮֻԵʲôõ顣
Ѿ½ƼƼıʣ⳰½ƼƼʲôһû㣬㷴ˡ
һԹŮˣиͷŲ½ƼƼЩ飬һԼһһ½ƼƼȻˡ
ϵµĳŮеĳԾȻϣûκԥĵطž½ƼƼһʧȥԼõѡ
ĽΪģԼǵµĻ˵ĸݡ
½ƼƼûκҪԼ˼һİɣİҲѾ֪ˣǰ˺һվڵµĲԶһڵµǰ
£Բ𣬹ȥ鶼ҵĲԣڿƽ£ҲһˣҲãҪɱҪϤ㣬ҪΪԼ鸶ۣ
½ƼƼһ棬û˵ѵ˼Ҫε±ʾڹ
̬ȣǵЩϰˣ½ƼƼһŵģǰھͺȫһһŮˣ
Ҿһ䣬㵱аҵѵΪһˣܶº֣ܺ¶ʱпаĲģ
˵½ƼƼΪ˺İһ𣬲ŲһҪжд̣ʵлЩţ½ƼƼõѣȻȴǵõıѣİҹҪɥ
İһֻͣǵΪԼᣬ뿪İң뿪֮;⡣ԭⱳĹ£жһߣһĶݺݵؾסˡ
תͷסµĸ첲ô£ôжںû°ɣҿ
˿εĹģʱİɸͿκˣﶼֻεһˡ
¹۲½ƼƼɫı仯˵ĽȻ֮⣬κα飬΢΢üⲻһŮԼϲ˶һŮ˱׵ӡ
ֻ˵½ƼƼѾڵɷȻҲͷ˶İɵִȻƺʲô
İҹļ򣬿οһİɣѾûˣʦѾȫκˣҲʦ˭
ô佱ҩЩǱǸ΢΢ҡͷʦֵûãڱϻ˶ʮꡣ
ڱϻ˶ʮ꣬Ҳ˵ʮʱ䣬һֱǳڻԵ״̬ȻܻصİңȴѹʱһжѾ˷ǣȻѡһʱصİҡ
İвӦһ׵ģ
£ôһңҶ֪Բ𣬶Բûб㣡İ
ȴǷ˺ܶ࣬΢΢ҡͷοİɵһжȥˣҪҪѧǰδ㻹һʱֲңǸ𣡡
ǣǻһ
İʼתͷݺݵض½ƼƼŮˣһжŮ˸ùɱ˵Ļһʱ䣬½ƼƼѾİɸж˿ˡ

½ƼƼµõϢ֪߻İţѾ϶֪Լһ˭Źʱ½ƼƼѾõ׼
ǣҸǷµģ֮ǰһҪѵ˵ȻһӾˣƽ
˵ʲôİһвκ¶ȡ
İɱ½ƼƼЦˣôɲǣԼҲϲˣȻ½ƼƼӿԼĽòİɵģǲʺϡ
ԼڿİɶԵµ֣мʵĶħѾŻְһ֮£˲ˡ顣
Ǻǣİɣ𣬲õж뿪İҵˣͳͳǳģҲһöӰˡ½ƼƼƽ˵Լһöӵʱûκα飬ͺ˵˵һ


420 ڣȥ2
ô£εҲסˣǰһ½ƼƼĿ⣬㲻˵㰮İɣֻˣпܵõˣԲϧҺҹ֣
дһĨţָо֮½ƼƼ˵ĻǶʮǰ࣬ԼΪǱɽһǰˡ
½ƼƼЦˣ£㿴ҲǱƭˣǼ㣬Ȼһе˿ɲҡҲ½һܳŮˣܻʵİҰԼ֣
һҲİ벻׵ģ½ƼƼûʵⱳҪǣʲô£
˵Ϊʲô˭ڱ㣬ǰ˭£
ĻҳİɵĶԷٴζԵ¶֣εİҳֵѾв֪ôĻֵȻȻҲѾõϢ
½ƼƼѾͶֿ˹ϵʱֻҪҴĿѾܹˡ
ǺǣҿԸǣҪӦһ
İǲͷѾʱˣŮ˾ȻҪּۻۣһΪʱ㻹ʲôԺأ˵
½ƼƼİɵĸ첲Ƶ˸ŨŨš˵˰ɣֻҪҪ󲻹֣ҴӦҪ󡣡
½ƼƼһɣ֪һͬҪ
Ҳǵ̰Ҳգ˭ܺúõػţȴأ½ƼƼһصҲˬˣԼ⣬ѾܻˣҪɱ
벻½ƼƼΨһܹȵ˻ε£Լ˵Ůˡ
лһĨŨŨԳ֪ܱɣֻһ󣬷һӴҲǰ
áֻҪεһ죬ұ֤ǡ
½ƼƼıѣڵкޣȻڿ½ƼƼòõʱѾûжֽ½ƼƼ˼
ʱһ˵ıһҪöԷоϵʹ෴ľϵʹʱĥȻõľַʽ
Ҫ½ƼƼ¸Ҫ֪Լ֪࣬Լһɵһ˭Ļֶڹ
½ƼƼĿ⿴İɣڵѾһ϶Ĵ𸴣ֵ֮İˡ
İвˬĲ鲻ԸĵͷֻҪ˵࣬ұһˡ
ڵõԼҪĽ½ƼƼһɣǿԿˡ
Ƕ壬ڱҵǶң߸׼ȷ˵һжǶƵġҪİҽɸι̵ĹϵȻõĽ㡣Ȼ¾Ƕפİϰֻгװѵ³ȥпܴɶĿģǶ֪ˡ
½ƼƼ˵Լĵ׵ܣ˶ǿԷˣŵ²˼ı飬̾һ
£ԲҶԲ㣬Ů˵ĹƻҼİɵ۰ȴһˣҪԼǿȣвʣˣӦֻҪҰĿģܾͿȢҹš
΢䣬½ƼƼΪԭҪ׻Լ
Ҷ֪ˣİɣҲġ
½ƼƼסԼ޿֣ǿԺݺݵһ
Ҫ˵ζĿ϶İˣǶһǶǳģη˵ˣûҩĻǲѾһȪӲ˵ڻܺúõһ
İս˫ȭؿŭƺһͻеѹ֣׷й
½ƼƼİ̬ȣƲסغţֻҪİһûκм֮ƴԼĴڸУȻѾˡ
İİɣ˵ģ㲻ɱҵģҶѾͳͳˣŭҲǶϵһӣȥҶѽ
½ƼƼİɱһĿ⣬һŲҪܿԷȵĿ£Ҳֻе²ֹİɵĽŲ
лһĨ½ƼƼʲôžԼһԸֹİɵĶŮ˺Լ˿İһҲûʲô⡣
İɣˣɡ⻰һҲ˳ֹİɵĶ½ƼƼԶѾǱ˵ӵģлŨŨĲмξͷŹ㣬Ϊ֮ԺҪҿ㣡
İǺ½ƼƼȻʮǰĻӲܷŹ
ôң
Ů˾ΪİҵȨʲôİɾǿЩ飬ҲĶԶ֣ȻҲֱӰİһİȻھȫһˡ
òҪƭң˵İлǲԸʵ


421 ½ƼƼ³1
½ƼƼһȻԼ⻰ĺ壬࣬Ҳ˵߾ƣ췢ģҷҸղ˵Ļģȫûκοŵĵطҽ˵Ļκٵĵطٲ
½ƼƼôϧĸԷģȻⲻʲôٻˡ
ĬҲɺݺݵصһ벻ǸϿŮ˾Ȼֳײеһ棬ļЩˣ֪ĸʱԷڱ
ô궼İңŮΪ˵õİҵȨΪ˸ԼĶıĸѾε£ôİҹ׵ҪԸˡ
ĬЩİҹһ˵ôģ뿪İңİȢ˶ʱİҹһӰɡǶݶŮˣôܻŹİҹأ
סİҹĸ첲вһģϧܵĬĹģİҹһůһжѾȥˣҪǿδػסĬĸ첲΢΢ͷ˽һ˴ܹһоڲС
İ§סµļǼ˭ֻҪ˺㣬һֻһĿƳһ½ƼƼŹŮˣʵ̫ˣ
ҩЩлл㣬չ˵¡İҩϵл֪֪£ҩô顣
ҩ΢΢ЩҪ˵ĵлرİɵĸл
ҵʦãһҲܰ˭׼ô׷ŹŮˣ
ҩ΢΢˫ۣ½ƼƼ˫лһĨ½ƼƼһҪܿ˵Ŀ⣬Ӧģһܳ
Ĭһȷô׷ŹŮ˵ƽŵ²ĸҲ뷨
ղŵ²ĸǳŵĹһҪһۣȻҲ̫ˡ
Ĭ⻰˵İе˼Ĭƶ⣬İвһĨȤҪĬҪô
İɺ͵˲ȻҲͬĬĹ۵㣬½ƼƼвʣȴҲ޿κΣ˵㵽Ҫô
ĬתתҲ֪뵽ʲô˫һͺһյĵյǰһˣԽҡ
İɵҲҪĬôŮˣĬ΢΢ͷʾ֡
İҲѾĬһ飬ĬѧԺĬǱҲİҹİҹƽʱӱȽ䣬Ҫһ㣬óİҹҲֻĬʱŻֳһ档
㡣
ҲİɶĬһֿ飬Ժİҵ黹ǽİҹϣĬһ㶼ﲻİҹǾһۡ
Ĭ΢΢İʧİҹ飬ͳͳѧȥ˴ǻԶһһӣ
½ƼƼĬõЦȴǲɸӵˣɲĬʲôöԸˣ˺ü㣬Ҫʲô㲻Ҫ
֪µ߻ħ½ƼƼȫҹˡ
Ĭ΢΢һ½ƼƼ߽Դ֪½ƼƼŮ˶Ե֮ĬѾʼ׼ôҪλ³һڶ
״޹ı飬΢΢ʲôأֲǳúܳ󣬻һİҺģĬʳָָ֮仹һö룬ԵøҫۣˣĬı飬ȫһСħһ
㲻Ҫ㲻ҪͳͳѾ˵ˣǷŹң½ƼƼѾԼһңֻҪ΢һ¾ͻ᳹ըˡ
ĬŲ½ƼƼԸԸ⣬ϵЦԽ˼֣˵λһҩʦɣҲһҩʦθոһöħҩҪǰǰָһ
˵ĬԼڴͳһöѾƵĻɫҩɫž˿ֲĸо
½ƼƼû˵ʲôħ־͸һּΪǿĿֲĸо
ҲǵҩʦҲԶһҩڵҩӦȥʵ£Ҫңʲô֪½ƼƼ࿪ĬĿ⣬ڿĻԼײ˾Ϳˡ
ôУöҩƺø½ǰģôܲһ£֤ζŶ
Ĭһ棬˵ԼϵĵҩǾ޽еĺöһ½ƼƼ˵ʲôš
ҲҪԣж½ƼƼѾ϶ĬҪ˵÷һҲԣ
İҹšüģﻹŮ˷ʱ򣬿ĬһջŮˣ½ƼƼӦסŮ˵°ͣǿưǿĬʾһɫ
ĬҲӦ˰ģһӵʱ򣬲ŰϵĵҩͶ½ƼƼҩڼſ½ƼƼ֮ŮƴҪѵҩ³ˡ
㣬ħ㵽׸ҳʲô


422 ½ƼƼ³2
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣Ȼһᱻ˸гɶħźܻתͷİҹҹȻҶħѽ
İҹĬԶǿǡ
ߡ
½ƼƼƴҪĬιԼĵҩ³ȴôԽ־壬ݺݵؿĬ㵽׸ҳʲôҩ
ĬһⵤҩرΪŮ׼ģ²֪ҩЧǲϧˡһʵҲʲôҪĵҩܲӴ㲻ǲҵȻҪԸȻûиоԼȣ
ĬЦһֻƻĺ꣬ѾһУ͵ſ½ƼƼˡ
½ƼƼһͣͺĬ˵⻰֮һ¯ȼһ㣬ҪйݺݵطйŮ˼ʶԼ·¶ƤҲһò
İҹһдҲѾµĬⵤҩĹЧҲĬĳջĿ⡣ĬȻζؿ½ƼƼⷬݣİҹݺݵšüģʲôÿġ
һѰĬסĬĿ⣬Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ŹۿҩЧһᾹȻһİҹסˣлһĨɻ󣬡ҹôˣ
֪ĬȫûиоȻ½ƼƼһ㶼ÿİҹϲĬעϣش𣬡ÿ
ÿ
ڿҩҩЧʲôÿÿģ˵½ƼƼȻ֪Ů˲ÿˡĬİҹִŵ⣬˵ʲôĬȥЩۻĻ棬һ󣬵Ҳİҹ⻰е˼
İҹǳԴˣϲԼˣŮҲУ
ĬЦˣò˵ӵİҹĺܿɰҪϷһȻİҹԼˡ
ãÿҲˣԺͿһˣ
ھһ˵ĻƫƫĬûоԼİҹȻֳİҹľΡ
Ŀ䵽Ҳ½ƼƼϣһǰһڣİڵµǰҾ͹ˣ
⻹Ǹ鶼һģһ
вȾһĨΣ½ƼƼģҲѾõ˳ͷ½ƼƼһֱԼҪλãȻĬҪݻŮеĥһ˴ȥʩѹԱϵʹĥ
ţҲˡ
ֱŰҩϺݺݵس˳ǣĬҩ֮󣬺ܿͱİҹˣŵҲһʱ䱻İɸߣҩһˣ缢ƿʵ½ƼƼ
ҩһЫĳŮ˿ûʲôȤŮһ㶼öġ
ȻжģβĹҪҩˡ
ǼѵҪԶ֣Ů˶ߣȥӦȥĵطҩһſ˵İɻİҹܻ͵͵ں档
ǡ
Ҳ֪ǴðһˣӰȥһҩȫӦڵϹɧĵ¶Ӱ
ٶȵҲ죬Ǻˡ
ҩϲɺݺݵһǲԳ鷳ֵķǶŮˣ
߻ߣһĬǼѾڵˡ
ߺߣǼҲǹˣβŮҿŶöġҩһγҲѾһʱˣҪڵºĬߣȻЩʱԼҪôôġ
ĬҲһ飬ԭӦö㶨ȴǽҩϡ
ʦΪˣҲԣ´һܣʦôŮ˵ĵģöħЧǲİɡ
ĬħȻҩҲģĬչֳ˾˵ʵ͹Դҩܹɹģҩϸ˵Ƭ½ѾҲˡ
ҩЧǳã½ƼƼŮ˺뱲Ӷǳˣ˰͵ʺȥĵط
ҩҲǺ˵ˣ½ƼƼô˺Լʦã֮ǰΪ˵ȴԼֽŮˣҩһֱû½ƼƼ֡Ҳ˶Ϊ֪࣬˵µΣϵҩϾȫûЩĵıҪҪʲôȥ
ĬȻ½ƼƼŮԺ󶼲ٳΪǵĻ
ħŮˣÿ춼Ҫ˷ϵȻڵѪҺͻжϣѪ½ƼƼôϧˣ϶ҶԼ֣ô¥ֵطҲʺ½ƼƼ
Ȼ⻹ҪģлŮֻʱѹŮħҩԣҪֻԽԽأ˷ܵѪҺټӿ죬Ӷฺ½ƼƼܻþͿ˵컯ˡ
ҩ΢΢˶٣дһĨǸҿҪѧԺˣȥҶŮˣһСġ


423 𾪣һ֮Լ1
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ôôͻȻʦ˵һŵ²ĸѩޣôôͻȻҪȥˣšüģѵѧԺʲô飡
ѧԺкܶĬˣ뵽ѧԺܻ飬ĬһĶ߸ߵ
İɣѧԺ飬һ֮ǵҩʦƴ֮ǰǼϼһҲҪһƴαĳؾѧԺҲʱȥ׼һ£ɲǼϼһǰˡ
ڵҩʦıƴĬǰҲҩ˵ÿٰһεҩʦʵıƴӮ˵ȻԵõƵĽ
Ȼƴֳ˲ͬʼбǰαҩϻûͽֻܿҫԼͽܴжôôǿ󣬶ֻаĽξȫһˣҩţĬˮƽȫϼһյͽ֪ܲҪٱοǻôҫ
˵ҩϻĬ¶϶ЦݣĬԹͽΪʦܲȺϼһǰüȫˣȻȥסǣȵһĵҩʦƴͿˡ
Ĭصصͷ⻰ҩҲѾֹһ˵ˣİɣʦмǵأһøһԺ˭С
Ĭⷬ׳־ҩҲɱݺݵؼˣĬʵֻҪҪ飬ȻõһĽ֣صصͷѽãҵüˣ
İ֮ǰеĬ˵ĬҩͽܣĵҩʦİɿĬı¶ȻôǿĬʵѾܲˣȻĹ˺ܶࡣ
İҲеҩʦ֪öٽǮҩĵҩʦȻҩʦİҵĵλǾء
һİɾ͸ܹһҩʦҪٵľЩ͸Ӳ˵ˣȻĵҩʦҲһá
ҪΪһҩʦԼҪֲܴиŬʮһյҩһԼĳɵʡ
Ŷ벻ҩ㾹ȻͽôģĬʲôȼҩʦˡ
İɲǸ߿˼ĬǶҶгǿߵ飬ֻҪĬǿİȻҲֳ㹻غͿ϶
˵һ㣬ҩǽиҪ϶Լ˵۹⣬һ۾ͿĬһˣͽ
ĬҵĹԹͽʦĵȻҪģ˵ĬڵʲôȼĵҩʦˣһӶеֲˣ츳Ͷˣ
ҩ϶ĬĿ֮ԱȻȻ¶ͺǿԼѧҵгɵĺһ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣҩô佱е㲻˼ˡ
İɲǲҩֻǺĬôͻкܸߵĳɾͣĿһĬôûпҩʦЭ䷢ΪҩʦĽ¡
һҶѾһֹÿһҩʦȥҩʦЭȡһöרԼݵĽ£бҩʦĵĵȼȱ־
Ҫ֪½ϴͨԵҩʦһŴҩʦƷԽߣͻܵ˵𾴣ȻߵܵõĴ
ĬûаЩϣνĵҩʦ¶ǵһϴԵɻ󣬡ҩʦʲô
ĬӣİдҲѾµȻĽǱȵˡ
Ĭ֪飬İɲ΢΢šüģתͷҩϣҩĲˣô㶼ûк⺢˵
ҩϻһĨΣ˵ʵ飬ҩԼӣֲø˿ûʲôҩʦʲô˵ģѵûн¾Ͳ˲ɣ
ĬʵͺˣЩЩϹŪ飬ǰԼͺáҩ΢΢ͷתͷĬĬҪȥһµĻȥŪһ̫
һҩѾʼڴСˣһת˭Ҳ֪Ĭʵʲôȵĵҩʦܸӳ䲻⹥䲻
Ĭ΢΢ͷҩϽһȻĬЦݣСģҩϺ꣬ȻһʦͽһŶ塣
İһᵹҲĬʵʲôȵĵҩʦͿ֪ˡİɿĬֻǾĬʱ䣬Ҫһٶõҩʦʤɲһ׵顣
ҲҶʼڴ굤ҩʦʱҺ͵һ׼ʱ
֪һĬ֮ǰ֮ı¶裬мĬĹ͡İɻȫĬ˵˵Ĭŵ㣬İᷳ
ʱİۿĬʵЧȫһˡ


424 𾪣һ֮Լ2
Ĭ΢΢ͷʦͽסˣȵ˽ᣬҲͻѧԺչء
Ĭ⻰ҩԽ⣬ɲ͵Ĭ⻰ˣãΪʦѧԺ
˵ҩתºİɣȭһҾһ޲ɢ֮ϯʦֲˣİ˺úõģҲԷˡ
ŨŨĲᣬطʱ̫ݣܿҪ·ֿҩѾǺܾˣô˽ҩ
΢΢ͷʦ֣һ·أ굤ҩʦ֮ټ
Ůô᲻ᣬŸԵķ򣬷ֱֻΪԺӵһҲ˼ֻ
£ҩҲһǣң΢΢ͷãһ֮ټ
İɣڿǰСʦýˣҪõµȫȻҲκλᣬһСѾͷȻҶԲʦС
ҩһڵǰᣬڶİɵʱͶ˼֣غв
İ֣صصͷ֪ҩ⻰٣ҩ͵ʦ֮ĸ飬κ˶ȡģҩǵµֳ
ҩģһչ˺õ£ԲСŮˣȻ֣ԼԭԼ
ͺáҩڻְСŮ˽˱ϣֻҪ¹úãҲ޺ˡ
һµµļ򣬡ˣϻ˵ˣȻҶҪòˣһټ㲻Ҫ̫Ȼ˶۸ͷϣ˵ʲôܷŹŮˣľģ
ҩ˽Ӱ±Ͽźܼǿк˵ǸŮ΢˵һûװװ¾ˡԵ飬ǶԼĲ̡
ʦ֣ģס
İʵҩ⻰ǶԼ˵ģƱ磬Ჩͬ飬ľȨϡİҩģҲĹԵ飬ܿˡ
Ǻǣͺãҹ㿴ŵ㣬鲻ãҲĬߡ
ҩɱﵣҩÿסİҹһ
İҹȻҲǿ˳ۣ֪һҷֿ꣬ĸԶİһ˶ʮ꣬һеһжǶڱٿأ˵ʲôŹ
ͷʾס
ҩϣĬЩϰߣȻҪߵĵ·ǲı䡣
ǰİҡ
ϴȥİҲûоõʱ䣬ȥİҵĸȴȫһˡ
İ뿪İҲдˣȻƺûзı仯İ뿪ʱҲֻǺԼΪļ½ȫİжȻİҲѾµİɵľٶĸѡεºİҹİҵǰһ˦ǡ
ڼ֮󣬾ʹڸ߶Ƚŵ״̬ټѾܳһʱûмİɣӵˡ
˵㸸ʱ䵽ʲôüģ¶ŨŨķ꣬챻½ƼƼв֮ܵĻᱻİ֪顣
İ֪Ƶµ飬ѲϵİɶԵµ̶ȣҪ˵Լİܵǣ
İΣ֪Ҫô˵ĸףĸ׵ɷ򣬾ȻΪһŮǣҡ
ĸףˣİɣʱ̫æˣܿͻˡ
һ
İһȥεˣ֪֪εŮѾ뿪İңҪˣļңΪʲôѾȥʮˣʮˣѵŮˣûпǹĸӣЩߵǣε£
˵ֻΪİҵȨƲǷѾĻ޸İɣȻǲܵġİһʮˣټ϶Եµ飬ڶŮеɾᰮİɣûκѶȡ
İΣվĸ׵ĽǶϣܹⶫʹѹǸʱҲ󵽰ɡ
˭øȰϵǵ£ֻ˵ĸдûз¹ŮˣٴμµʱİôǵҲ޷ˡ
ĸף²ĸѾ뿪İҶʮ꣬л˼ΣҲ⣬һ츸׻ģֻİҲǸļң
İԼҪ侲Ҫ游״İҵĸͬĻҪö
Ȼİ⻰˵ԼţӲ˵˵ˡ
ŮлŨŨĳ̫ɵˣ㸸ֻεŮ˺İҹӣôܻҲãİҾģԶ
ȻòİɵģھͽץסܹץסĶ
׶ҰģİֻóǺһЫĳŮ˶ȹʮʱ䣬Ȼ֪ӻĿ
ǺǣҪʧˣһˣ


425 ŭԶ1
һסˣǰͻȻֵˣʲôʱģ㶼ˣŮϴԵĵģ飬ô벻Ȼᱻİɸ
İ⳰˵ǰҶˣô֪㶫ĿǺõĺܺð
һֱΪһůŮˣԲŻۺϿ֮󣬾ȢİңŮҲûйİɵϣİҵʱ򣬸ֱֶܺãİɲŻ𽥶Ů˷ġ
ȻֱİɲףúõŮ˲һеף
һ飬İ˵Ŀ⣬иӽˣɣҲ˼Ҿ̫ںˡҵ㲻Ҫˣղ˵ЩǧҪ棡
İǳɫԽŨˣǺǣںҵķʽԸҪҾú£
ǵģİڼʶıֻ֮оð
ⲻҪĽҲ֪ʱ䣬µ׺İ˵ʲôİɿԼôİ۵һĨ壬ŮˣεѾ뿪ô꣬ʲô
ָģٳ̵ĺۼȻȴһ㷴ӦûС
ԽʹޣڱϿž͸ӿܵʲôĴһؿİɡǰֻҪԼôİɣİɾһ
ɣں㣬ҺͳҪ㣬Ļǵ½㣬Ҳģѽӻ㲻뿴ңҿãİҵļˣֻҪһССĽ䣬ܹÿ쿴㣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ŷô飬ôίȫСŮˣΪԼɷԸ⡣
Ĭ̾Ϊֹĸ֣ûǰ֪ΪˣһԼ˶޹ġ
İ⳰΢΢ǰİҵĵҷ˾ֻеһˣԶǵ£
ΪȻ벻İɾȻ˵⻰һд˵ʹޡ
⣡
Ǻǣô㲻ˣղŲ˵ģҪеһͳͳ£֪ģҪǵ뿪ҸȢ㣬˵ֻҪ»ߵ˻
һͣô˲䣬İĮİɵпκεϧǶԼûа顣
ңҼǵá
ΣԼһĳ衣
ǶΪ۰ŮҲǰѶСһţȻѾĻ޸İɣ»ҹ˾͸Լһ
ȫ䣬֪İɵԶһεµŮˣΣεԶˣѾˣ
ؾֵ¾ˣİɺͶ֮ĻĻ˵ĻǺεºܣǵõİƫ
ɣ㡭
İ΢΢ذµУΨһӣ
İɶԵµᣬ䵽µУһֳڳЦĲȻѾʱˣΪİɻô˲ںԼġȻûУİɶᣬε³֮ͳͳʧˡ
вʣţѵİĴûжԼĶ
Ůڵ˫˸ŵ⣬ܵ˾޴ĴİɣľûаͲңΪʲô֮仹гӣ㲻ҪƭԼ
ΪŮ˵ĽԼ˵¡
⻰Ҳѵ£Ů˲ǿҵĽ񱣬Լ˺ŮȾε²İ檵黹ǰİɲֻȢ֮仹һӣܽ
Ըû㣡İһ䣬飬㲻׼𣡡
ǰһ϶˼龪ֵı顣
С㣬ҾǷһشΪʲôҪôңεΪûκζԲ飡
һ飬ͷƲסðϸҲ˵ʲôʲô֪ε£֪İзŲ㣬ҲѪˣû飬ǾԲϵģ

̬ȣİҲо˲Ծѵʲô֪ġ
ô˵İĸףҪĸ׵ǰ棬ǰһס˺Ͷ֮ߡ
к;İǱİҹҪС꣬Ѿس
²ĸ֪ľˣҪʲôֻҪİܹģͳͳӦ㣬ĸ뿪İҶԣϣԷŹĸףİǸТ˳ĺӡ
İһжǶĴȻİǸõġ
ÿǺĸм飬СӲҪ֡


426 ŭԶ2
ʱİ˵ʲôÿȻиҿ϶һŹĸסǶٶĴ£İУΪĸף˭Ҳ治ˡ
Ҳ뿪ʲôᣬ˵ͺãҺĸʲôҪЩǸ͵ĸ׵ġҿԴĸ뿪ĸŹĸ׺𣡡
İһ棬ڳ˵µĻ֮⣬˶Уİֻε¡
İףʲôҪֻҪĸ׺úõģĶ
εижİԶТģİı飬ε˵ܾĻ
εİɾȫһˣѾ˶ҪŮˣ͵·ֿʮ˲䡣
Ǻǣ׼ڳĺ棬ѵô꣬㶼𣡵ָʹ˶Ե¶ֱȵ뿪İңЩĲİɰ㲻˵
һ䣬ŨŨľȣʶ˵ⲻҵ飬ûУûⶼ½ƼƼŮϹ˵ģǹݺң
ԽǽţԽ׳
İֱ⳰ڵ»ǲԸһ㣬ǺǣҸղ˵½ƼƼǶ֪ˣƱ绹𣡡
΢΢һ㶣Ƿϣеⶼô˲ɻҰ֪ˡ
İ׼εֻһ
ǣЩģָʹ½ƼƼŮ˶ε֣ǼѪĶҩεǺȻ㣡ֻҪһ죬İɾͲܿˣ
¶Ҳûʲôˣȫ˵˳ͲİҪΪεŮɱԼɡҲˣ˭Լһðˡ
İ֪ԭĸ׾Ȼ飬лŨŨĲ˼飬ֱԼĸס֮ǰİֻ֪ĸ׵ò׵ĳ谮вģƴҪץסȨȻʵ
ĸףĻ飡İԸţԼֿĸ׾ȻһֶεŮˣȻڿµı飬İоѾˡ
΢΢ͷѾİ̬ȸش̼ˣͲҪ
ǵģģҾҪεŮȻΪĳ𣡡
İ˺󼸲ʾԼҲѾʶˣŮ˻һֱΪ˵ĸ
Ҳţ
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İûа취Լصĸ׾ȻһαŮˣ˺󼸲ҽܲˡ
Ҳɻˣ⻹һοİģ
ŮϻһĨʹİʧ˰ɡ
İؿһ۶ת뿪Ҫʱ򣬾İҲûа취˵ԼȥԼĸףûΪ˶顣
Բ𣡡
Ҳ벻Ȼ룬ԼӶûа취ĸסôǽвİİĶԶʧˡ
İлһĨɣȻԼĶӣİǺõģΪԼһ˽ԭ
İʧ뿪ԶĴҲǼġ
Ů˷ܶһӣԸϣԼĶܹõҸȻȴΪԼԵʣеһжҪ¿ʼİܻʧȥԭԼӵеһС
ϻһĨûڡ
ǺǣڲǾúڣѾ𣬻ڲͲӦЩ顣İ⳰ǶԶķ̡
ֱʱ򣬶žԼеһжôֵãΪһԼˣѾ˼ǻǵòԷһʲô塣
ǺǣҴˣҲӦϲ㡣
ԣҸϣ㲻ϲңϲ̫£ҳе𡣡
Ҳˣص̾һͺһʮһ¶Ҳһ㾫Ѿļ䵽Ľ֣룬ҲӦ˶вԱеĻ
ˣҪôôɡ
ºİ˶һۣи˶Ա˴˵
ųѣһˡ
£㿴ҪôŮˡİ˺Ļǵ£ҪôŮˣҲͳͳ¡
Ůˣĺ𣬶Ƕ谮С㡣žͺǶĶͻȻûʲô˼ˡ


427 ŭԶ3
ϢϵͳȻҲǼٵģ½ƼƼ뿪ңԭѾ뿪İҵİ»ع壬۰оѾµ˵Ѿİ֪ˣȨ֮󣬶۰˹
İɵҲϵʱ򣬶˿϶ݺµûжҵݣҲܳɹЩ
Ǻǣкμ̣İ⳰Ҫҵ˻Ҫ˵ʲôֹ𣡡
İ⣬۰һ飬ȫҶİĿ⡣
۰ҡͷѾʱﻹİɵǹײ
ᣬᣬȻᣬǶĴڴұʾ⡣۰ǶҵļҪǺܶ顣
ȷԼãǶ۰ҲΪһѶڲˡ
ȻܾȫһˣԼС赽ãͲܵκһίѶ۰Ҳһ˹Ҫö۰Ȼİɣ
۰˰ǵãѵҪİɴأ
ֱʱ򣬶ܻǿ巽򣬶۰ҲúͶܽʲôǶĴ磬ѵԸ⿴Ľ
궫İҵ飬۰֪ģŬֹˣİɲһˣˣһᱻ֣ʱ鷳ġȻͶҵ˶Ǳǰס۾Ժֿܻᷢԡ
һˣ֮ԻһİҲǿԿ϶ˡ
죬㶮ʲô
ܴСͶһĪĿ־Уڱ۰һȻҲˡַŲ¶ԶǣңԼȻԼöˡ
ܺݺս˫ȭ˫Ŀѡ
İ㣬Ź鶼Ƶģʲôֱӳͺˡ˵εŮ˲ҲûһҪйߵĻͳԸһŮʲô壡
ڶǰϧʵҲף۰ҪΪһ忼ǣְܳԼһһҪȫ
ижѣֱ󣬻Լ׸벻һ͸ӲöܴԼشۿ
ҡͷ磬ⶼҸɵģ㲻ңûйϵ
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Ҫͷ˲Ż˭Լ˵ҪĴڣ֮ܶǰ׷鶼ѾòôҪ
תİɣ£صعȥ£֪֮ǰҶԲ㣬һжģϲİɣҪõˡһжҸûйϵʲôҪˣŹҸ磬İɷŹҸ磡㣡
ôŮˣȴȫԼϣԼⱲӶŮˣ¹ͷҲѾǶܹļˡ
ףΨһܹıİɾˣҲֻεһԸΪԼ顣
ϲŮ˻Լǰİ֮󣬿϶˲ٿİҹ顣²۽ģ˶ûʲô⣬Ƕٻ˶ˣ
۰˵ŰѶȫİɴİɱ˶İҺͶҵĹϵܵӰ죬ٿܶԶģ¾Ѿˡ
΢΢̾һڶҲѾõ˳ͷ
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ͷһеȨλڶ˵ѾҪֻԼļƽΪҪ顣
İԽµģСŮΪԭԸŹеѡȨİɵϡ
ãҷŹǣӴ㶫İκιϵضҰɡ
İ⻰ҲѾ˵úˣ׼Ѷݳţڶ˵һĳ衣޳ţԺ󶫷϶Ҫ
䵽Ľ֣Ҳ˵ǶвԱУѾõĽ
ãллİɣлл£ţȻȴҪлԷŹԼһ


428 µọ́ף1
˳ӿһǴ˼ѪһųȥĬİҹ˽һȵ񣬲ҲҪ⵽ʲô
ҹ˵һǸȥʲôô֣Ҳȥո֣Ĭһ˵Ҳİҹͬͬ⣬İҹĸ첲Ⱥ߸Ϲȥ
סһ·ˣʵλ壬һǸȥʲôֵӣٰ֮ʲô𣡡
ĬסĴ忴һĬ΢΢ͷлһĨ˷ܵĹâ˵Ǵİɣ֪ҲΪ棬ǰҹĴعڻΪбףֻҪܹõһͿԳɹѹȢؼˣ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣벻һΪ˹ı׶ȥİҹѾ˱˴ˣȻֱҲ˼ڴ
ŶŶԭˣΪףҿҲвŮǰѵα׾ﶼԲμˣ
ĬɲˣղпŮӶһ˷ܵĳųĶȥ
忴ĬⷬӦҲǲ⣬΢΢ͷѿһõЦݣλ֪ιıףһǸ๫ѡڶ̫үˣ๫̫ҲĽ㣬๫̫ҹô᲻ġЩǳ̫ȥġ
Ĭǳ˳飬ԭǽͳͳ󣬵ҲǷˣܹЩռҲصصͷʾԼˣԭˣҪлλָ㡣
һ֮ˣϸϸĴһĬİҹˣһ͸Ӳ˵á
ǿ˵Ĵţ·Ĳ⻬ʵмѣѾֿͨȻļҵĹӸţʲôųѧӣֹ֮䶼͸¶һֲѰ
λӿǶεı׸ȤһȥμӰɣҿλòȻܹ๫ġ˵๫̫үҲǿˣ뿪Թ꣬ҪǻʺﻹڣڣȻعһ¡һ̾ڹеֵȻҲ֪顣
ԭĬ׼ˣ⻰ȴǲ
֪оȻѾԹĵؽ磬ɲ׮ֵڵĵط׮׮ɫҴңֻǸһžͼŻعеȻҲвٶߣĬ˵ȵԼֱߵ˽֮󣬾ͻȥǡ
þԹ˱ף¶棬ĬѰ
Ȼ֪׮ƾȻһ㡣
λðشһϢղ˵̫үɾ׮ƣĬòȷһ顣
صصͷ´һĬλʶ̫ӲɣһԽԽ̫үĹͣвһĨŨŨļλӣĬ蹫ӣ
طҪĬˣ壬ʶҵģĬɲôΪѾԹ˶֪ˡ
ɫһϲصصͷͺǿ˾һǵȵˣ蹫ߣ̫үһֱڵ
Ĭȴôţһ㵽ʲôˣ
һԼţڿĬ̫֮ھϲǺĬҽܣҲѹʱĬ᲻ˡ
Ҷҽˣʵµĸ̫үүү̫ү˵һѣҲĻһԻ鷳ѹһֱڵ棬һ㶼˵ѵĺۼ
ʵڶԷ˵ʱĬоѾ˴룬Ҳû뵽׮ƾȻԼ֮ߡ
׮ƺ׮ֵܻԹĬоͲһһãҹȥҪȥ׮ƣ
İҹվһĬ֪Ĭ׮ֵܵĹϵȻֹĬʲôİҹվ֧
񻹵Ĭǻ᲻ԼѾڿҪô˵ĬԼߣȻ㶨ˡ
ã̫ˣλ̫үǺܺãֻڽһλ̫ӡ
ã߰ɡ
ݵĽҲ˼ְɫĺǽһѹֵգĬвһĨ̾Ϣ
ȻΪ˻ʺڹеȶŵ˵г˱ȨȻô벻ڽȨ֮󲻾ãʵȴȫһģǱȷ黹졣
ҲҺһ֣д󽫶ǸͬǲϱȨֻһˣҲԻô껹ǲҶͻʺºݵԭ
֮ǰ˵Ĭ֣Ȼⲻ˶Ĭĺ档
˾Ƿ⳾ʦԤϵǸıԹıһ˵ˣȻǿ滹ǿʲôһĵط
λ蹫Ӱɣƶ˵üΣҾͰǶλʲô黹ûʶ˵ɡ
һ࣬ӲϿı飬ںĬ˵ʱҲڷԸԼʿһ
ĬˣҲ˵̬ȣολǵĳȭҾǾ鷳ˡ


429 µọ́ף2
һĬİҹ˱ǱϣȵʱֱӰͽУҲĬ׮ƵĻ档
İҹ⵭ȻͺĲУĿһ˲˲סĬ档
ҹһ㶼Ҵ㱻˸ˣˣĬİҹذϵҹ飬бϣģҪ̫⡣
İҹӵĬпƲס˫ȷӦѾĬķ˹ȥ΢΢Ĭһǣᡣ
Ĭ⧲û뵽İҹȻĶʶסղűİҹ׹ĵطһ죬İҹ⣬һ˶Ҫڻһ㡣
ҹôʲô
ĬĪһ£Ҫİҹ׷²ˣ֮£ĬԼʲô鶼Ը⣬ڲһصĽࡣ
㣡İҹҲûκҪĵطԼôģ֮ôˣ棬ƺһжôȻ
Ĭ΢΢üģⶼҪİҹ˸ԵˣҪҪֱӡ
һ죬˵һɽİҹĬʱ򣬷Ǻ޲ÿʱÿ̶Ϊɽɽ緹Լǵ飡
ĬܿİҹƵ⣬ԸоԼⶼҪİҹյһʵ̫ˡ
ߣʲôڿʣȻǾҪˡ
İҹǺЦֻҪһǰСˣֻҪĬԼߣиûʲôҪʵ顣
ֻô㣡İҹԼʵжľģǿϸܵصĬȫĬκηӦĻᣬѾİҹԵء
İҹϤζĬߣĬô˲䣬Ѿȫɥʧ˼ƺ˸İҹĽ֮⣬ʲôˡ
ƶˣһ·Ʋ棬κε뷨ҪȫСֺ֮ԼһҶۣھƯڴУҲȻûзĬȴɸоԼʲô£ֻҪرסǰ˾ͺãе⡣
ôƬ̻ĬһͣҪݽȥˣ˸׵ķ²ˡ
ȻĬȻɸоƺҲǲ
һƬ󣬰󣬺ɰٴ
蹫ӣİӣڷ𣬽ҶλӣſСѾߴ𣬳״Ĭİҹ˵顣
ĬһвһĨգͺͷϣһˮֱӴͷ͸Ҳ˳׸侲
ʲô
ĬϻһĨÿĺΣ֪ҪʲôӦźãʱҶİҹ˵⣬ùԱߵë̺Լһƺ˾ͿԼģһ㡣
İҹһԼɬ촽ŶԼﳹױСŮˣİҹоԼһĶĬˡ
дһĨζĹâÿĬԼϵ̺ӣǶôˣôôߣſë̺Ȼᱻƻ
Ĭ˵ʲôҪſ̺ӣΨһıɡǱﻵҲܱҪã˵ҾͲſ
Ƕôˣôôߣİҹһıú޲þһֱݺݵرסСˣԶҪ֡
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣ첻ûйϵòã
΢΢̽СԴݺݵصһİҹ֮ܿ°Լ˻ȥģҪ˵жɰˡ
İҹǵһμĬģͺһίСһڿղ顣
ˣղҵĴҲŪˣذοĬ⿴ŶĶ
ȻһᣬƺʶŵСѾͷˡ
ɹĬİҹģСѾͷͿˣȻǾǲϵΣҪǰȥƿţȥλӵڷʲôеǻ˳
ĬǽĹͣôܹ˿ˣ
ݺݵһ˵ҲɸӴˣλʣҼҽλȥһ蹫ӣİӣڷûҾͽˣ
˵ŴǰһŻ׼Žˡ
Ĭ˿Լ⸱ģæϣýˣʰһ¶Ͼͳһ°ɡ
ĬѾʹԼٶȣյʱ䣬ѾԼʰ׵򿪷Ĵţ˳ȥ
ܹĬϻûɢĺΣǾ͸ˡ
ҲҺСѾͷԼܲܰĬǸɹȥ鵱ȻҲ˼ֹע


430 µọ́ף3
ɺݺݵһǼĬˣ͵͵ĿһݹĬĴ󶯣ĬʵĹӣǿһ۾Ѿ㡣
ĬעûзڴϣȻҲûע⵽Ůɫı仯
Ĭ֮İҹҲǴ˳ƵģʲôһĵطİҹһȽϣĬоԼȫûκοɱԣݺݵس˳ǣвƽ
ڱ˻ῴľֻĬֻ˷һ
İҹԴӺĬһ֮˵ռѾޣĬһ˵ģ˶࿴һ۶òˬע⵽ѾߵĿ⣬һ˵£·
İҹôһѣСѾͷҲһӷӦȻĬˣ¼侹Ȼÿˣ٣һֻС¹תһ
СѾͷһ죬ҲҶ࿴ĬһۣȻĵĻ£˵λߡ
ĬлǹŹԼ飬ûע⵽СѾͷɫı仯΢΢ͷ˵ãǾλˡ
˾ôоԼҪˡ
ȵĬǵʱѾ׼һУ͵Ĭǹˡ
蹫ӣİӣãϷѾ׼ˣ֮Ҫίһ¶λУ֮λСȥƶѾõȫ׼
ĬصصͷʾԼİҹ˶Ѿ׼ˡ
ãһоͽ鷳ˡĬ΢΢ͷҲǵȥ׮һ棬Щ黹Ҫ˵ײźá
ĬĻشڿһֻҪĬ˽ͿԷˡ
İҹǲܱôʹ粽ĸĬͺá
̻Ի͵Ĺ̨ͤ¥ÿһ羰һֶУȻǻʼҽԹΪûʵĵطҲĵط
׮ƺ׮֮ǰѾ˵ĬҪǵϢڹеĬˡ
׮дŨŨȫڹǰıֲͬĬˣȫ̫ӣȷүүǱϢ˵ǽĬ̫ˣ
Ҫ˵׮࣬׮ƾ͸ӼˣľĬܸ洦Ĭˡ֣صĵͷ˫ȭĿⶢſڵķ򣬡ģүү˵˽Ĭһĵȴͺá
˵в׮һ׮ƱԼˡ
Ĭ˹Ƶģǵ׮סĹڽɫ֮ڶĿǴﵽĿĵˡ
Ĭİҹ·ڹаŵģ֪ĬݣԽмӡ蹫ӣǰ̫סĵطҾͲȥˣһʱ֮һͳ
Ĭİҹ˲ǹ֮ˣȻڹйҹȻ׾ͱ¶ݡҪ֪߿ǷѾ˼Ҫץס̫үİѱźð̫ӸλǸҪСΪϡ
ĬСͷãǶǵˣͷҪ鷳С硣
߽ӭһɱϢǺſڵװγһķŶϿŶ̫סĵطȻǼΪûʣȻ棬ԵЩյǣɵڷҡҷ۴ɫӰŵҲһֵŵĸо
Ų׮һӭ˳Ĭ㣡
ĬϤݣ׮ǰһϵЦǵҲסһǰҪסĬļƺֻܱеļ
ֻҪİҹһ죬׮뷨עҪˡ
׮ƽӴĬ·İҹһǰĬ׮м䣬Ҫ˵ǱסĬǰոֶѡ
Ĭ
׮Ʊİҹסȥ·вΣİҹĬ˵ദģʽǺǰһ
ĬҲΣȫûҪֹİҹ˼ĬԼûз֣ѾİҹϰʽҲʶ֮ܿӴ
ͺϴһİҹĬѾһԼӦ֮İҹнĽӴ˶ԡ
׮׮Ƶĺ߳䵽Ĭİҹ˵ϣвһĨȻĬþò
طǻĬݺݵؾȵˣȻһŮװ׮࣬Ĭݺݵصɴ˫ۣ׮࣬ôӣȥҲƯѵ㻹ϲаŮװ𣡡
ۣ
׮ݺݵس˳ǣֿܶԣǻû뵽ĬȻķӦ
ŮװҲĬĳ
ĬҲЩ˼ˣ׮ģһʵŮˣôܻаŮװ֮ǰŮװ
ǳǸǣҾһŮˡ


431 Ӣ۾پԵ1
Ĭǳ˳飬ʾԼˣصصͷԭ׮Ǹصˣ֮ǰҹʱԹĹҪ׼ףλɡ
ĬѾϰ׮кӵģ׮ʵǿɲһܹӮģ׮ƶ׮Ķ֡Ĭ׮෴ʺԼ̨ȥ䣬Ǳ̨Ϊƴ
һпȥȻΥ͵ĸо
˵飬׮оֱ鶼ѾˣһǸû˵ءԣǸùң֪ʲôˣֻϣԼҪ̫ùźã
Ĭɺݺݵšüģ׮ԶǸʲô鶼ޱȵˣܶʱ׮ƶ׮һΣģۡ
ôǱˣ
Թ϶ҲǸĻ׮ĸףԼķޣԴ׮ӶģӲ˵׮ŮˡĬڵһʱ䣬Ѿȥµ鱳Ѱĵط
׮ǰĬԼˣʱǻصУӹ̫ѹˣҪһ˶ȷˡ
Ĭ㶼ǲ֪ǵж֣ĸ֮ԻᲡأȫǸ飬Ȼĸ¶׮ƺݺݵս˫ȭѣĵľԼĸ׵
¶Ĭһ˵˼ǣʵڻʺزʵΪжʱǲǴҴҸڻʺΣȥ
ĬһҩʦֻҪһĶҩ֮ǰƳĽⶾ˻ʺϵĶԣĬбҪȥȷһ»ʺľ
׮ƾ͵Ĭ⻰ˣͷĬǻҪ鷳һˣĸо綾Ҳֻʱƶӣ֮ʲôʱⶾԱ˭Ҳҿ϶ǵҩʦ˵а취
ȷһ׮ƶѾĬǾˣĬܵĴڣȫûĬ顣
Ĭصصͷһ׮Ƶļ򣬡İɣʺƽģڻǺ˵˵Ϊʲô׮ôбףܰʲô
׮Ͻ˽۵׻ŨŨΣ˵Ĭ㻹Ⱦĸ
ʽ㣬㲻ҪΪ룬ĬֲˣĬһǵĶԲԣ׮ǰһҪץסĬĸ첲ûܹóѾͱİҹҲֻգսȭͷĬ㶼֪ǵж֣
ô£
ĬƽʱʱҲȥʼҵȻѾ漰Լĺѣ׮ƺ׮ˡ
˵ɣ׮׮ģ̫˵֪ĸصϢŻмǧò˵ڽİ³ɹصСǷ֣ʵĸ˶ҩ¶֮˾ߡ
˵׮вŨŨʧ֮ǰлôƬ̻ʵһжǸʲ֪Ҳɱΰˡ
ȻʵʲôΪлְ֧֣ȻָûʲôŮôҶԻʺ֣
λϵĿĸӷ˻ʺϣҪʺֻ˲˳ϻʺıȻĽȴǱǸƻˣϺеȻ죬׵嵹ùľ׮ˡ
ҶģӲ˵һܳŮַʽǣǵǵϣ
ĬҲѾܹ׮״̬
ʳӣôˣֱޣ
׮ҲģҪŮˣһԼĸһ׮ˡȻ׮׮˲һĸĺӣ֮ദģʽǱĽܻҪ׽
Ĭһ׼˲ӭȢ㣬ֻҪ޸һˣһӾͶˣ׮дһĨ󣬡֪˵⻰Щ֣һҪ˵ĬܲȥμεıףһҪý㣡
У
ĬشİҹĬǰشˣϴĬȥμӻ橵ıףΪڣȻ϶ĬȥİҹĬߣôĬΪ˱Ůȥף
 ίз޹ ŷŵ깬
Ĭ׮¶һǸЦݣ㲻Ҫİҹ˵׮ͷϰɣһᱣ׮࣬пɳ֮
Ĭĳŵ׮׮˶ǿˣĸףҲΪˡ
ĬܹæͰæһ㣬ܰæĻҲʵûа취ˡ
ĬȻͬˣİҹݺݵšüģ׮ǺܲףԲĬֵԭ¼ܿ˾кܶ࣬ѵĬ׼һȥæù


432 Ӣ۾پԵ2
ĬҲİҹĿǣİҹ˵ͷİɣġ
Ȼİҹȴһ㶼ţĬͲôˬʹӦ˼Ҫ
ݺݵüģ֪ʲôˣ֮ѵ׼Ȣ׮಻ɣ
ǱףӮǸ˾үĬ׼Ϊ׮ĬôܺÿζôˣþͱԷŹˡԹʵ۾Ҫַͨʽ׮ƺ׮ˣĬȥǰ˺Թʵ۶Ÿɣ
İҹôһ˵ĬҲһ飬ǲȢ׮ġᣬȻᣬҶˡ
ŶİҹԴˣԼҴ̳ӶһأĬ˳İҹ˵ȥ˵ֱӰĬˡ
ȻĬİҹһߣȴû뵽Լ⻰׮׮ƽɶ𺳣
ĬȻİҹһˣ
Ǹ˼ɣ
׮вһĨȻȻˣ֮ǰзĬİҹ֮ǰĹϵѾԽһѵĽޣھ͸ˡ
Ĭղ˵ʲôǣһˣһҳ˻þҾȻֹϵһǼٵģһǼٵġ׮ưĬֵܣѽĬȻϲ顣
ǸʧˣûҺİҹһˡĬһⱾͲʲôҪĻ⣬תͷ׮࣬Ǹ˵׮ҺܱǸûа취Ȣ㡣
˵⻰֮Ĭܾƺֵֹģɵšüġ
׮ݺݵصһĬʲôʱ˵ԼҪ޸Ĭˡ
Ĭʲôʱ˵ҪȢˣò绨еŶҪȢңͰȥ죬ﰭۣ׮ݺݵصһĬһ˵ûҪŮһ
Ҫ֪һŮ˵һĴ
׮ףĬڶ˵⻰ˣȻȢ׮࣬޲ź
ǿϧˣĬǿˣ㲻Ҽҽãү֮ϵҲˡ׮õһУȴûĬѾϲˣĬϲŮˣǻŬһ£ϲ˰ѵҪ׮Լϡ
Ŀԣ׮ƾͲɻһԭһȡǳˣʵڽܲˡ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣ˵ܾô֡ˣ͵Ҳܲ׮࣬һʲôԽİ취
ҲǹܣҪΪ׮ˣҪܲͨҵȭͷҶȲʲôʸӭȢҹţ׮һǽȷʱ͵׮ĸʵѧԺаǰţˣһܹġ
׮⻰ĬзˣԹϺʲôŵˣҪ׮ϵõôɲһ¡ǷҪԼ᲻ᱻ׮Ű˲ǡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷ׮Ѿ˶Բˡ
ǵȻܲԴУǻҵʵǿͬˣ׮Ҳˣ׮üһڴҵıףȴǸˣҵİ취ˣȲҪ˵ˣĬʲôʱ򷽱㣬ȥĸɡ
׮гģ׮ƻһЩĵģȴҲö˵ʲô
Ŀ⿴Ĭ׮ƶĬģ԰Ĭĸⶾ黹Ҫ㣬ֻҪĸҲ񡣡
жʶһˣû׿ϺƫģһССĹθڹȺ̫ӹԻʺ¶ʮ鶼ˡ
ĬҪһȻ˵̫ˣĬЩˡ
ʱԣǰŷͺãʺһܽҪǱȥ²һ¡
һϣĬжˡ
ĬһԷģǾĸѾʱ޶࣬Է˶ĸļأڹȥû⣡̫ӣȥչĸʺϲˡһ׮Ѿ뵽ˣ֮ǰҲҽʦʺƲһ޹
׮ףڸĻʺߣȻ֪ʺϵĶѾһܹⶾģȫԸˡ
Ĭе鶼һˣ
ãھ͹ȥһȷʺҲöһաĬһȻ̣ܲȴҪǰ׮кҲҪ̫ϣϾʱ䶨ȻѾҹʺƣҲûȫİա
Ȼ׮ƺ׮гϣȴǵõʧĽͬǴƶ˵䣬Ҫ˵жѹˡ
ģףĬ㾡Ϊͺãûа취ܾĸɡ
µģʺһĬҲֻοԷˡ


433 Ӣ۾پԵ3
Ĭİҹ˸׮ƽ˻ʺﰲӵĴ㹬ŵĻƮŵ㣬һζǻʺסĹɫɴڿҡҷŮ̫඼˵Ƕʺסĵط˵乬Ĭỳɡ
ע⵽Ĭеɻ׮ϵɫҲÿĻһɼįȻζЩˡ
ĬĸĹ
׮ʹޣĸױĮӣһ֮󣬾ͨ˵磬ĸʣԹȨģ׮ĸƽĵطûУֻؿĸܿࡣ
Ĭ˵ע⵽׮ɫı仯һ죬׮ƻվ˵λã˺Լı
һжģԶ֧㣡ʱ򣬳֧֮⣬ĬҲ֪Լʲô
ӷҴ߳Ů磬üģڿ׮ƺ׮ˣ΢΢һǰ񣬡ū澻̫Ӽ
ǻʺӽ޵ʱʹߵСѾͷһ۶ʮʱԻʺĹԿ˵ǻʺΪĸ֮һ׮ƺ׮˼˻䣬֡
Ȼѹ꣬׮Ѿס˻ֵĸ첲֣ﶼûʲôˣö⼸ĸкתвûжϣ׮ƻʶʵ
΢΢ҡͷƺǵĳո˯ŵˣش𣬡Ǻܺãһ쵽ѵʱѾԽԽˣūǵģһһ˯ҲĻҲ˵ȥˣ᲻סشۿ۲ѡ
ԼСôõˣĽ£ңԻҲһƬģûҪıʲôΪ˲Ҫô˺޹ˡ
ǻ䲻˵׮ҲѾ׹ԭΪѾʱסĸ϶ԵӣȻȴǵõĽ
ɫһ䣬ȥĸ󣡡
׮һŷȥĬİҹȻҲǽ
ʲôˣʺ޹ģ
䵲Ĭǰ˵ʲôǽȥղ̫ү䵱ȻĬǾͲһˣĺܣ˭֪˻᲻͵͵ҪԻʺͼı죡
׮йʺĬˣĬûиϣתס˻֡
֣λҵѣǵҩʦĸ󿴿׮ڻǰҲûʲôģ͵
´һĬİҹˣǻɣһ㵤ҩʦСˣҲȫǻģȻ̫ӶѾˣȻҲڶ
ãǻˣλ롣һơ
Ĭ˵΢΢߽ʺסĹƺһĪĸоüĲԽԽ
Ĭĸ󹬵ʲô𣡡Ĭı飬׮Ʋɾͺݺݵס˺ǴĬĵ顣
΢΢ҡͷûʲôֻܾһ㲻ԾĵطҶ˰ɣǻǿȥҿʺҲһĹ۲졣
俴һĬ˾̫ӿеλҩʦвһĨѾô˸ʺ￴壬ͳͳûа취ھӵҩʦҲʲôĵط
̫ӣλҩʦҲ̫˰ɡ
׮вΪ⣬ǻ᲻ĬʵΪûмĬʵɴĬֳͿ֪Ĳ֮ͬ
ַģҵѣԿŵùĬҲû⡣
ĬûмʺҲ˵ʲô󻰣һоʵ֤Լʵͺá
߽ʺĹ뷿ȻǸղŻ˵ʺѾ˯ô߽ûаѻʺﳳѵļ
мһɵ㣬Ǻ͸ղĬǽŵʱŵζһģһֻ߽ʺķ䣬ζ͸Ũˡ
ʲôζ
׮΢΢һ㶣ûзӦĬ˵ʲôʲôζôŲĬŵʲôζˣ׮һѾعܳһʱ䣬ûע⵽Լĸʲôһζ
㣡Ĭһ㣬ɫ࣬ѵǶûŵŨ㣡Ļ͸鷳ˡ
㣿Ĭôһѣ׮ҲӦصصͷŶĬ˵㣬ĸϲĹ˸ִڣŵҲġ
ȻĬı飬׮ҲҪע⣬һֽͣţǸͲ
Ĭǲ㣬⣡
׮һݣࡣ


434 ֶߣΣ1
Ĭûаٷ֮ٵĿ϶ҲѾ˺ܴĿ϶ֻҪٽһһͿȷҲȷʣⷿζ̫أʺϻʺ취ɢȥźá
Ĭ˵Σʱ򣬻ǴݾߵʱҪһٰѶԷڻʺߵӸڳǡ
׮ĿĬ뷨Ҳϲµһ
ĬĻ˵ȥ㣬Сʱ;ĸ׹ŵϤ㣬Ĭ˵ǣĸŨζȷʺϡͰ˸ĸ󻻸䡣
ķҲǣֻǻʺס䷿ΪŨĵطĬѣ׮ƵȻҪѻʺƳȥ
һֱĬǺ棬벻ӵҩʦȻ˵⻰һūûע⣬ȥţǨȥ
ãҲܹ֣ⲻǶûз飬ĸҪ鷳չˡ
Ĭһλ֣һӣλֿɲ򵥡
ҪʺһǶȥɣҹ°һѡ
ãĬͽˣȳȥ׮ƾǰĬĻûĵط뿪ߣͳͳ°ɣｻĬͺá
зŲĬһۣڲԸĸ׮뿪
İҹĬʾ⣬Ĭﲻ򵥡
Ĭ΢΢ͷҲû뵽Ȼİҹ֪ζҩҹ㾹ȻҲ֪ʺеľ˯ȥһҪѲˡ
ĬûʺԽ϶˸ղԼеĲ²⣬оͲŲζ֮󣬶˲ʲôһӰ죬ӦҪʲôһã
⵽ʲôˣȻԻʺʹĶҩԭͲ֮ԭһĴڣԺܶ˶֪һֶҩȫɱΡ
ƮɢڿУɱΣ֪ԼʲôʱжĿ֮
ԭĶҩ벻оȻˣ
ʺڼ飡
Ĭİҹ˼ͬһʱ˵⻰нһȻɵĶһģһ
֣
ĬһȻĶһġ
һ᷿ˣĬҲù˼ô࣬İҹĻУ̬ҲǼΪ⡣
İҹĬ粻ѣ˫ỷסԷ֫ԹʼҵУĬˣİҹȻҲѣôˣİҹĬȻȻ˶Բߡ
ҹңûʺеǺأǸģӦܽ˻ʺϵҩԣ¶֮˲ܷŹȻҿûͷⶾ
İҹȻͬĬĹ۵㣬΢΢ͷһжġ
ڷ˵һĻʱǻشӷ˳Ĭһڷɵı飬׮ڴ⣬ֻܰ˵һǸڻ׮֪ʱ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ࣬׮һѵĬûа취ˡ
Ĭĸôа취𣡡ȻѾµ˼֣׮ƻǲĵʵ
ܱǸԻʺϵĶԣһʱ֮ҲûӦԵİ취ҿҪһʱú롣Ĭ˵ϻһĨ꣬ȥǱʺĶԸסˡ
ʵϵҲĬİҹˡ
Ĭ˵⻰һɣȻǸ׵İӵҩʦôΪĵҩʦղĬᷢζףҲϹèӣñ¶˰ˡ
Ĭӳ֮󣬾һֱадŻı飬ŮлķɣԽȷˡ
ЩЦˣŮǻʺΪ֣λ־ʺ⣡
׮Ѿ׼еô˲ȫϨˣһ̾ȻشԴĬ⻹ҪˣĸⱲҲס
Ĭв̣׮ƶԻʺģǶǲˡ
ӿڴͳһƿصһɫĵҩ̫ӵ£֮ǰƵĽⶾȻܽʺϵҩԣҲôʱһڶҩӣָܻ֮ѡ
׮һԭĬղ⻰ѾˣĬ˼ʵҲûа취
ãȥĸ£˵׮ÿοʺʱ򣬻ʺﶼǳ˯״̬ϾҪ˯ˣĸӶ˶ûкú˵ȥĸ£
׮ƶ˵Ĭĵҩʺ޹߱ȥ
ĬŻ䣬ע⵽۵׵ĽţҪ¶βˡ


435 ֶߣΣ2
һע⵽Ĭ⣬ʶһͺԼеС˼ڶԷĿ֮Ρܿ췴Ӧ˵Ļɣһ鰲οԼĬְӵҩʦ϶ֲʲô
лһĨŨŨĵģɵؿһĬղСӸ̫үĵҩʲôɡ
Ĭ΢΢ɻҲ뿴λֻܸʲô
һʱ䣬ʱ򣬻ʺ½ⶾҲӦѹˣתͷİҹҹǽȥ
񻷴ĬѾŨصĽ䱸У͸ˣܾΪ˵ĳ֣ܶȻ仯
ȻĬ⻰һ䣬洫׮˷ܵĽлĸ̫ˣˣע⵽ʺеԻ׮͵ĸ׮ѽĸѾ˯˺ܾˣ
һοȫ״̬Ļʺ׮ж֪жټˣСؿŻʺ׮Ƶĺ׮ǵһȥģ
Ĭİҹ˽󣬻˽ȥ
ʺﾹȻˣ
΢΢һ㶣㻳ǲԼ⣬֮ˣû̼ǾԲȻӲ˵ʺǸո˯ȥһŽȥ
ʺвһĨŨŨɻ󣬿ǰһΧԼǰˣе㷴Ӧ׮ƺ׮˽ŵĿ⣬΢΢ͷɬɳƵ𣬡ƶ
׮һͣĸѹˣϵĲ浹һȲ裬͵ʺǰĸŵ㣬ǶȺȿڲ衣
áʺ󶼲ǵԼжûôˣӡƺпԼĻʶˣȻ֮ǰʶģΪԼУ벻ǿ׮ƺ׮ܣ
һȲ裬΢һ㣬һ˲˲ض׮ƺ׮ˣƶĻˣȷԼûΣˣЩΪˡ
ʺĸ׵ûܹԼĺӣ񿴵׮ƺ׮ථµģаο
׮ҡͷûĸߣĸô˵ǺТĸ߾Т
ɵӣúõģİοˡ
Żʺĸ˵ĻĬҲôţվһߣ۵ײһĨĽ˵뿪ҲѾܾˣ֪ĸΡ
ȵƴظĬֱһץסԴ˫֣Ĭһůİҹĵ⣬ô˲еĲ˾Ȼô˲漣һİ
İҹ⣬˱΢΢Ǻܿ»ˡ
Ĭͷʾ⣬ǰò˶ãҲϾҪؼˡͲĽˣԼŴ߻İҹ㣬о˺ͼȡ
ĸûоﲻĵط׮ǷŲ˻ʺ
Ĭǰһͷʾ⣬ʺðȸһýһȷҪθ塣
Ĭһ˵ʺиûκλɣ˺ԼĶӹϵһ㣬ʺȻŵùĬ
鷳ˡ
ĬҲ˵ǰһϸһ»ʺȷⶾĹЧѾʼ
ãڿԷûʲôˡ
ĬĸôҪʲôҩģ˵жѣҶһҵ
׮ǸТ˳ĺӣ׮Ȼ˵ҲڴʺȻ׮ĸףȻȴǸĸס
Ĭа취𣡡
ǱˣĬҲģǻ׮ƺ׮˾ȫһˣĬѣһ飬ڻʺѾ϶⼸Ǻúһ¡
ʺһҲѾӦƶλѣҾѵ𣡡ʺĬҲ˼ֺ棬Ҫ֪ڵԼѵʱԽԽ٣ѾǵԼжʱûѹˡ
׮صصͷʺܣĸĬǵҩʦղµöҩĬҵģĬа취Ⱥ㣡
ܵʺĴĬʱﻹ˵һ֣΢΢ͷ˵ʺģһᾡ㣬㻹ҪҲźá
İҹĬĬվĬȻ
ղĬ׮ƵĽⶾѾܽ˻ʺѾȻĬȴʲô˵
ͺãǿ󣬱Լֻϣֿܼƶ˳ףˡʺ̾һеĶԼ᲻ôܻŹ
׮һʹҡͷģĬһ;ȺģԺҺͻʽӻҪĸأ


436 ֶߣΣ3
ʺлһĨɶ׮ƺ׮֮ҲҪӣ붼ĶʺȻҲ뿴ﻷƵ̫ûĸġֻϣһж
ע⵽ʺɫ仯׮Խƽʱô˵һˣʱϾͺĨһ԰ĸΪҺͻʽ㣬ҲһҪŬȥһ˶Ҫúõġ
׮಻˵Ҳ˵ĸԺҵĺӻҪĸ
俴̫Ӻ͹һһΧŻʺ֪жûпʺ˵ʱ
ǰһҪ̫Ӻ͹˻Ҫ֧֣
ʺֻе˼ô᲻ףǱ߶Ѿʼ׮ƶ֣Ǳ׮ƺ׮ôڻʹ档ˣЩֻӲ񣬵ʱ򻹲֪ʲô
ΪĸǿʺлһĨΪԼĺӣҲҪŬȥֻлŲһϣ˾ʲôûˡ
ս˫ȭŮг˼ᶨͶ־˵ãҾ͵ƴˣôҲҪƶǺӳǣ蹫ӰɣҪˡ
ǵȻĬĽΪʺЧ͡
ʺ廹ڣ˵һ֮͸оˣ׮ƺ׮ȻҪͻʺ˵˵ǿŻʺģҲöš
䣬ѻƶͳȥɣҪϢһ¡
뿪ʺ޹
׮ƲݺݵšüģؿĬ֣ص˵ĬղĸзʲôɣǼˣԸ˰ɣĬ֮׮Ȼ뵽һˣҪɵһˡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ׮е뷨΢΢ҡͷûУ׮㲻Ҫ룬Ҫú룬һҽôʺϲĶԡ
ĬԲ˵׮ȻҲˡ
Ĭа취ĸϵĶ𣡡׮ǰһһо鷳㣬ʲôõҵģ㾡˵
ң׮ǡ
ãȻҲŲǿʱѾˣҺҹȻȥеԼչ˺á
Ĭһʱ䡣
׮಻Ĭڹк͹ر˵ĬҪʲôҩģҲֱӴӶߣȻÿҲ˵ע⡣
׮˵ľ׮Ҫ˵飬ǰĬİʦڹаɣ̫Ȼûʲôʵڹסһʱ仹ûġǶþûˣҪúþ۾ۣ
ҲС
ɫž¹һƬأһ޾ĹԣȻ¹ܺȡ
㹬
ʱˣðˡһģѵ
ʺֳĬ㣬һɫ磬֮£׿Ů˾ڵҩĥ˼֮Уƺһͻ˸һˣǴӻ߳һ
ǻѾڻʺ߷˺֣ܶô˲䶼ǿˡ
ֵǴ㹬ĴѾ߻hhǻʺ߿ŮӣСѾͷе˵¼ѹ˱ȥ߿⣬ʺв̱ǰѻh˳Ӵ˻hǸڻʺߡ
ʺľ֮h˵ǻʺΪĵѾߡ
СѾҲʮӣΪ˴Լһװ취ǻʺ󶼳Իhмӡ
ʱŵĻʺhҲ¶һ˿ЦݣѵÿﾫãϣͺǴŮһˣ
ʺ΢΢ҡͷеЦһۻhǺЦ˵ôãѾˡʺпԼãΥȴסµء󹬷ǧĶˣʲô
ʺҲȾ˵ˣͷ£ȥ߲˵УǺԼ
ʺаԹĲ֪֪дĴ㣬Ҳ빬ЩϷĥȻվԻֲƽĴǻʺǽ£ѡ̡
ڻhУʺĴڣ
ôᣬģôܺͻʺȣhصصͷое鶼̫ӻع֮رãĲһܿͺˣʱǺ󹬵ĵһˣһʹˣһῴŮ˵ıʣ
ʺ̾һûзϣŮ˲ǻеһӰˣ񣬵ȵϲҪʱ򣬾Ů˵ùʱ򣬲ùġ
ʹ֮УȨԶֻһ
ʺȻ͸ķ羰ȴǲһŨŨ̾Ϣ
ˣʱ䲻ˣҲȥϢɣh°ɡ
ԻҪ˵ЩʲôǱУ˳ȥ


437 ֵݣ1
ֳ˴㹬ҹɫأô˶֪Ҫȥ΢΢ͷͷεɫҹգšüġ
ôˣ涺ѵ˿£ϲ˯ţ
΢΢һ㶣һ˶ʱĬôڹУô˵ʲô
ĬĿ䵽ֵϣʵʺ﹬гֵİɣ֣ɲʲô˶ܵõĶҩ˵ʥŮ
΢΢һ㶣вһĨŨŨĲ˼飬Ȼ֪
ʵ˽һ
˵ʲô˵ʲôԴһĨģнţܿĬ⣬뿪ô꣬һ¶ȥЩ˿϶ץȥ
ĬŻı飬Խ϶֮ǰĲ²⡣
ʮǰʥŮ͵ʥƷ䷽뿪ֱûз¶ʥŮѰҡ˵ĬǺЦһۻ䣬˻˵˵Ǳ֪Թʹгǻô
Ĭв䣡
һ䣬Ͳϸ룬ֻҪǱ߷ֹгǿ϶ŹԼǰһʹһ׳죬Ƕᾡҳ
һݣĬһҪȽˣڳеƿʼŻжȡһơ
İҹһֻҪڣ˭ҲҪ˺ĬֺɫصֵĬǰ
Ĭв⣬䲻ҾԼ
һİҹļվһǿ̸̸
жĬؽ䱸ؿĬҪʲôûʲôԸģ㲻Ҫϵõʲô
Ĭ̾ϢһҲûҪӻϵõʲô˵Ľҩأ
Ľҩ΢΢һ㶣ں˵ʲôûнҩ
䵱뿪һ䷽ΪĽҩȻڶѾʮʱȥ仹ûܹҵĽҩĬҲǸողŽӴôܻĽⶾ취
ǺǣҲĽⶾ취ʾĬԣⷽ棬Ĭ㹻ţϸûнⲻ˵Ķҩ
Ŀԣ
Ĭŵģô˲䣬侹ȻҲܿƵˣ˵˻ҵĽҩʱ򣬾ĬʺĵҩɹѻʺѹһҲǻʼδġ
ǴİɣܽĶԣ֮Ұѽҩ㣬ӦһĬһŵĿŻ䣬ŻһӦס
ݺݵšüģҲΥԼߵ飡
Ȼӳеͽץȥ֮Ҫ˵ĳͽ䣬ȻڻУʥŮԶᱳԼΥ顣
ģȥ
ãɽ
Ĭ֪õĽ
һڻʺʩɣڻʺ֮Ѿˡ
䲻һֲͣûʺܹ˯ѹһ¸Ѳɫһ䣬ãôϵں
˵껷ͳŻʺķȥϴԵĵĵģ»ʺʲô⡣
Ĭƺǲµ˻ĲİɣڻʺϵĶԱҿסˣûѹƣʺһʱҲ¡
ƽ˵ȴǲ֪⵽׻ڻɶӰ
䱳һϵղŻʺľҲĬ֡
˾Ȼɹ˻ʺ϶ԣôģѵŵĴڡ
⣬ⲻܣǸ߽׽ⶾȻܿڵĶԣ
Ĭ϶ģһĵ뷨Ȼ󣬿ȴǲòһʵ
ѵѵѾһ߽׵ҩʦôܣһʦĵҩƺԭܹûн֮⣬˵ʲôĬȻһ߽׵ҩʦ
Ĭ̯̯֣ģ˾ԼݣԷҲţ˵档Ų㣬Ҳǽ˻ʺĶԣ𣡡
⳰벻һȻһʲôǵСӡ
ã㱾£취ͨãֻðˡܰʺʣĶһˣҾͷ㡣˵һһţҶˡ
ڻ뿪꣬ҪлʺﵱյҲ䣡
ãһΪ


438 ֵݣ2
ֵȷһˡ
ˣҲ˰ɣڿԺ˵˵ʺʣֶҩʲô˰ɡĬ֮ǰֻʺ﷿гһŨζ֮ǿԲѵģ뵽
ԷڻʺʩõҩǺܴ󣬲ĴȴÿԵ״̬ʱĬоͿʼڻʺõĻ֣֮ϸһ͸ӿȷˡ
ԭĬҲΪ־Ļ֮ˣԻʺº֣Ĭ˻ʺĶ֮󣬾ͷ鲢򵥡
ԣ֮ǰʺڵ̶ܴһĶҩʹ״̶̬ܴϼѪҺӺ٣ÿԻһֶҩɢĶԺһֶҩƺˣڻʺγһֶ̬ƽ⣬˭Ҳκβ˶Է
ĶԽˣһֶҩͻڻʺʢпҲĬʼδ
ĬҪİæҪһŬܸ֮ӴٽĿķǰ
֮ǰʺĶҶ࣬ʱһֱŬⶾȻһ취ûУǲѶʹԻ϶Եӣֻʹ廹ǻɲС˺
Ҳǻܹõİ취ˡ
һĬͻ֮ǰ鲻֮ǰܣ׮Ƕûиߡ
˼ӱ
ֻŮһͷµķ٣ͷбһ֧Ƕɺ˫ΡСŮһ͸ľȣΪһϮɫѩǧˮȹŮȷ磬Ů˽ϴһ˫˯ЬԱһͭ̽󶦣̵ľǴȻ
ǹװǺͻʺĹγһּķ
ŮӺݻݣ΢΢˫ۣ˴Ϣ
ʲô飬ֵʱϢĳ̶ȣܶ໰ȫҪڣȻ˻Ҫ˵Ļ˵
첲ʾԱߵСѾͷ£ŮϬ⣬ˣǷʲôˣֱ˵ɡŹڵϵˣҲǵޱȡ
Ǹ̫ߵһֱ׮ƵĹУֻҪ׮ʲô飬ڵһʱ֪ͨһߡ׮ƶѾعܳһʱˣǶץ̫ӵһѱƶб
һ㲻ͬѰ飬ⲻϾֺܹ
ףϵģڻʺأϵȻҲҪ˼ű˵ԣԻܰȵʺȥȻĻʺѡ̫Ӿ͸Ӳ÷ϣ̫빬꣬ڻʹлڳãûһôܺĻȽϡ
ֻҪҪôѡһĿȻ
ǸˣѡԼսĶ顣
ʹСķֽ̫ٹ졣˽̫еĵλΪҪʲô飬̫ӶһҪ˸ߣСĻ̫ʵ֮ã
ƻĻɣҲȫ֮ǰ̫ӸոջصУּҪ̫Ӵͻ飬ѡŮ˶ԹպˣȻЩѡŮˣôܻ̫κη̵Ļᣬ̫ߵûУ
Ȼڶûп׮Ȣף̫Ӵͻ鵱ȻǱ׮Ƹؾˣ߸һϸһʼ;ܾ
׮Ϊ˿ͲˣС̫඼ѾֱΪ׮ʵϲ˵ˡҲҺʱ׮ƲȻ϶ҪˣԼϢ͸¶ߣ׮ƵҲҪ׷ˡ
˵ϲһ㣬ʵЩˡ
˵׮ϲˣ˵ʲôţŮ΢˵̫˹ڶ
ŮϬ񣬱ŷһ⣬·͸һУһĨϮͷ
˷֣˵̫ӽһ֮ôܻ͹ֲ岻׵˽һ𡣡
һȣǰŵƸŵɫ԰ףһ仰˵֮ǰֶΣԴ˴Ͳ
ģԴҵأơˡͷһ飬˾ͺǲ֪һ
ūŶ죬ūŶ졣ƸһС࣬ĶѾʪ͸ȴһ㶼ûв
׮ߵӦȻöӡˣȥɣԺĻҪ˵
֪Լӹһ٣кݺݵһؿڣʵ̫ˡл￪л￪
°ɡ
ƺ޲Լܶ೤ȴ˼ӱ뿪ͺǴӹŹһ˻һֱصûлת


439 ץӦ߾飨1
Ǹոսţƾ͸оһնԾʶס˺н䱸ߡ
Ǻǣƹ㻹֪Ϊ׼˼ӱȻǱߣʲô׮ƴӻع֮ע⵽ƹжȻԼеϢǱߡ
֮ǰ׮ûнҴƣÿͨưһЩ޹ҪϢ͵ǱߣһԺ뷽跨˽ʱҪץסӦҲ鷳ơ
׮ҲǸˣöõúãҲϺܴóںܳһʱ䣬ƴϢҪǱ֪
Ҳһģһ
һӽסˣոմǱڻҪ̫ӵʣŵֱ̱ڵϣɪɪһС̫࣬и̫֪ԼһϢȥ̫ӻô
ǴҲܳϣжūŵҳϳ̶ȷ⿴У̫ҪһߵС̫Ҳݷơ
ūûУūŶ̫үһƬģôܻϢ͸¶ȥ̫ү죬ȻݺūšūǺ˼ӱСӹϵܺãҲˣһ仰ǾԲϵġ
׮ҲҪƵĳϣƣ˲˵Ȼ㿴СҲ㣬ȥǱ߰ɡתٿƣ֮ǰ׮ƿԲЩСڿɲУĬڶҪʺƽҩҪԵıܣ׮Ҳʲô۶ӡ
ǻˣ̫ӸϳһͽǱߣⲻǰ˵̫ߵļϸôܻʱѾԼδֲĽ֣һţǾ֣˵
̫ӣūˣҪߣ֮ǰūŵĲǣԺūҲˣҪū뿪ūһĹµĻᣡ̫ӿһصع׮ǰԴһһʯĵذߵͷȴǻ׮Ƶһ
۲ΪƾӶ̫ӵʱӦ׼Ľ֡
ˣ˸ȥ׮˦˦֣л⣬Ƹ˳ȥ
ƽʱʱԼסĴȣڶҲûģȻҲǵ˲ˡ񿴵³û˻ϧӲվ飬ôġ
ʹ֮УֵǮľˣڸλߣҪʰһ˻ס
ѵÿ̫ӾģµҲһǵ̫үֱͦ壬㲻̫Ӻ֮Ķ
Ҫ֪̫ӻع֮󣬶ܿǱߣǵ͵ĻǱ߶ãµ˶ǿŵµ˶е෴֮ǰ̫ʾҲûٱ۸ġ
׮׮ʰ˹еӦ΢΢šüģвһĨǡ
ʽ㣬Ĳ𣡡׮Ƶ˵ֱͦɣվڴڵλãô˲䣬׮඼оԼЩʶ׮ˡ
úܺã֮Ǳߣǲ׷Źˡ׮΢΢˹ˮڣѵŮ˲ɣ
ˮǸ߹ţڿ׮Ƶʱ۵ײһĨοԸоѧԺصԹ֮󣬾׮ƶʱпٵسɳ
궼ɱңҺΣ׮˶еĻȻǱߵľѣܵ˵˵ڱףҪǱ֤ĸǱߵİȫעϣҲԸĬȡı
Ȼ
׮лһĨȻ׮ƾΪĬǱߵǱ߳֡
˼ӱ
ˣŮһ棬ƵлͣµԥŤһ˿ûУȥӵŤ
֣׮ʲô˼ߣ͵ߣҪ汾Ҫе飡ǺǣǺõú̫ܰӣ̫ӣôļӣҲλܴã
ŭǱ׮Ƹݺݵشˣж˶ڿ׮ƾȻ˰е̫͵ߣԻ˵͸ĵ̫ⲻǰ˵鱳̫ӶҪô
ŭµȻҲһ仰˵˼ӱһƬ࣬˭Ҳʱˡ
˭޵İˣްȥһĨɫӰ˽ɣĿ⿴ߣڿ˵Ĳߣôˣ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳû뵽ʱϾȻ֮ǰѾϽ³֮ȥ˵¼ǸСǱߣͻȻ˼ӱԻһĨ㵡
ǹеˣȻǷӦʾĹŮѷʰɾ˿Ѿ±˽Ůģ
ǰһϽôпߣ


440 ץӦ߾飨2
ŮдһĨԵİԹȴǼΪ̣ҼģǻϲģֻҪ¶ģһĶ˴룬Ӳ˵ʲô
ǰһ§סŮ˵ļ΢΢ⲻˣȻˡŰ˼֣ûкúʳµôչģ
мŮܹõĳ谮ʹ֮гҲûܹܵһݵĴ
Ůһ˫Ưĵۣü΢΢Ѿʮͷڹо㲻ᣬȴһֱǻϵͷ衣ÿѡ㣬ж½ŮˣȻҲṇ̀ԻֻһʱͲ
˵ǹеͷһϴӹŮˣ鸮£ݲߣݱǿŮ˶ţëȻǶȲһ顣һжҪԻʶĳ谮
ʱڹлй˼ɣҶ֣ȻԻһĳ֮£̳ŮеҪ࣡ǰĿŵ˺λϣҪǣĶһδĻʵۣ
鶮ôķʽԻʵĻģɵڻϵĻУӭҪ˵жջˡ
ɫ΢΢죬٣һ˫ʯĶ˵ӰĿⰮĽͺе
һ㣬ѾɱһڹҲҪеİĽͳ羴Ϊһ˵С
檹УǳҸˡŮסϵĸ첲ĿȻܿת˸ղΪעǵõԽ⣬סϸһƶ
ʼץȣϵ¾Ҫһ˸һ㣬ʱ򻹴ſɵ·ǡô¶ϸƤǿһ۾Ѫŵĸо˸Ų۾
ķ̵Ĺл⣬Ȼһ£ѷо»Ϻˣ֮ᷢʲô飬Ȼö˵
һ󣬻ʵ۶ĳ谮֮Ƕ˼֣С˵ؿڻϵߣһɵģ֮ǰǰʱˡ
ϲɵӣȻҲ֪еΣôȥô᲻֪˵ΪˣƫƫϲŮˡ
§ļĿᣬŮϤӣԽᣬвȾһĨ׷䡣һͣϻı飬ҲҷһǴ˻ϵ˼
ܶʱΪһŮ˵ֱӣ鲻ϲÿοԼ񣬾ͺ͸ԼڿһŮˡǸŮ˵ˣвʣȻԵ˿һԹȨƵˣ˷С֮ѡ
Իʻջ⣬ɫм䲻һĨ̾ϢվǸŮˡȥûа취ǵҴһ֮µľޣһĶһĲᡣ
ãȴΪ
Ϊһ֮Ȼȴûа취ԼŮһԷ䶼ûС
ʱûȫ£Ĵ洫ͺǴһϴ鶯ô˲綼ǰ
Իɫһ䣬дŨŨļԶ㣬Ҳһˡ
ɫһ䣬ĸ˾Ȼʱ֣ⲻǰֲ̨ķʽϵע⣡ڹô꣬ǵһ˸ԼϽغֻӱѻϸͷһΣ
Ů˲ݺݵģк޼ڱȴǲֳֺܱһɵģ
Ǻ֣
Ȼϻǳˡ
вʣȴҲҪ˳Żϵ˵ȥСط̺ûϸ£Լվһԣ¹ɵģۣȻһԻȴǿˡ
Ǽˣ
һݣڻϿĵطǺ嶾Ҫ֪쵽˭ʱ򴵵ӣһҪúóһЩСӣ
̺ûϴ·ϻҪֳ˵ģ£ʱӦλڹְɣǺһȥɡ飬ȻҪȥʶһµ˭
ȻԻȴûа취ԥֱӻؾˡ
ʱѾˣҲˣڹкúϢɡͻȻ鷿һЩûдϾͲˡԻʵ˼Ѿˣ겻˵
ǻһĨɫҪȥӵļˣһҪ˵ǻȥ񣬷һ㶼š
ţãǱ¹æȥɣҪŻϹһҾ檹ͻϡ
̬ȣԻϲģĶ£˵һЩ˵Ļ
ĵͷĶԷļ򣬡ã޾뿪ˣúϢ
õ˵ܰǻĻҲѵá
ȵҲϵӰźصرֳеĲˣҲ飬쵽˭ڹ֣
ϸղŻģ˼ӱסȴӲ˸ˣɫܺÿ͹ˡ


441 ץӦ߾飨3
ҲѴ죬һˣŻŮһ˲˲ضŲԶ԰еӰ鼤ô˲䣬˾վڲԶȻǰһ
һڹŶԷȥƣԲԣѵ㶼𣡡
ŮϤĳƺһµŮתƽ޲һĨǵжû˽лԼˡ
ƣŮ˲㶼ѾǣԭԼֽƣ
ԷϤףŮһͣȻǰƣ
ƣڻˣǰѽ㲻ʶŮ鼤ҪǰıסǰŮˣǾͺǽһԷվԼǰȻӲվԭؾͺҲŲһ㡣
ŮҲǺһǰһԷ
㣬㣬ǰƲãЩܿˣõĽãȴΪһǽӲǷֿһǶꡣȻŮдûз¹԰Ĺĺ͵ǡ
ǰһŮ§ڻУô˲䣬Ǻ»صʱǣΪһֿ
ƶЩ㶼ȥˣҺ͸׶Ҳ㣬жܹ㣡ǰŮˣȷԷûʲôõĵط΢΢һĲµĻá
ˣƶôڹУôģﲻȫ
ʹޣԼڹô꣬Ϊһ֮ȴǻıͨ˶磬ҪԼö
ǻʺ֮ǰĹŮǰСŮ˱ǻʺ֮ǰΪ谮СãСŮСһ𳤴󣬹ϵõľͺһһ
΢΢ҡͷִһԹҪ͹ԹʹУһˣƾԼⱲӶû»
ϤףʱƣѾǹȥᣬ˼ֲɣĸоֻۣӦһģ
㣬ԲҲãҡ
΢΢ҡͷϻһĨЦ⣬˰Ļǽֺ֮˵ЩĻúõľİο
ĬһϳǺͻʺ˵Ů˱ѩ˵Թ飬ѩͱֳͬѰļɲΪŮǻʺΪСá
ʺ빬еʱѩĸɨĹ˻ʺĻ񡣺̫飬ѩûл˽ֵ飬ټ֮Ӳ뿪˽Ӱˡ
ʺǰ毺õŮӣƺƻǺ֮ǰûжı仯ʺвһĨĽ΢΢ƶ㲻ָ׾ͺã길ҲвѵĿԣ뿪
Ҳ뵽СŮ˻һ֮뿪ӴҲûгֹЩֻҪһ뵽ƣоͻƲסŨŨ𣬶֪Щ갲ƹúòã᲻˸۸ȥ
Ҳѩ£ЩѹԼйȥ֪꽫ҲǳڶԼĿǲ뿪ȻڰУԸͽ¹ͬȹѹأǱ˸ų⡣
㣬㣡ƺݺݵҡͷô˲޵һһرסʺļ򣬡㣬ҲԣҹִˣײҲ£Ҿͺܿˡ
֮Ҳһ¡
Щ궼㣬ƶʱ䷽ĻͻؼҿװɡʺᣬذǰСŮ˵
Ĭ֮ǰѾµѩͻʺ֮Ĺϵ֮ǰᣬڰҲá
ͷİҹ⣬ĬüһҹǹĶ԰ɣѩΪ˽֮ᡣĬһҶѾ˵ı飬˭˵ǼҹԱ˶أʱİҹµĹĿһ㶼١
İҹ˵ˣǻȥɡ
Ĭ΢΢İҹԼѾ˺ܶ飬ĬĬôҪ֪Ҳİҹӣ˸ϲ
ã߰ɡ
Ĭİҹ뿪ã˼ӱĻ˳ѵһ·Ѱͣڻʺ޹ǰ档
ĿлһĨɻ˼⵽˭ĹԼȻһʱ֮벻˳ǳϤϻ¶ģ˽ȥӲŽȥӭıĺɫҶչԼǰ
ڿ۵ҶʵлһĨȻ⵽˭Ĺ
ɲʺĹ
ʵ۶Ѿ벻ԼжûԼλʺĹڻİʺϲĹӲͬ˺ܶ


442 ʵʣ˾1
˵ⶼ֪˵ǱʲôΪȻԼķ޵סﶼ֪Ի˼Ƭ̣ƺʱۺ˸ոճ׵ʱ֮ǰĹϵ֮ܺ⣬ྴҲˡ
Ȼ֪֮ԻζܲԼĻʺȻŮˣ˺ۺʧ̫ͣ࿴ᣬ֮ʵԶѡԼһλʺĴڡ
ԻЩʺҲáڹ飬еŮ֪鲻Ů񣬿ԻʻԸԼһŮˣͺǿԸԼʵ谮Ů˾ԼõǸŮˡ
ЩһССĹˣһ˺󹬵һˣʹںܶʱʺҪɫ¡
ʵжֻ֪ԸŮˣЩ飬ֻҪʵеĵߣԷݡ
ԻһźԺֱ߽ԺһŮˣһ˾ԼĻʺ
ԭԻΪԼѾȫǻʺ󵽵ǳʲôģˣȻڿʺ󵥱ӣϻһĨ̬㲣ô˲䣬һľȻƲסһۣԭô꣬ûȫǡ
ʺûע⵽ʱȻ˽ǰȷվڰˡĹߺܰԷʲôģȵʲôˣ
ʺ΢΢һ㶣˳ŰĿķȥ˵ԼѾ乬˶Լ֮⣬˹Ӳ˵ˡ
ƶǿ˰ɣʱ򲻻ʲô˹
뿪֮ѧڸ֪ȻҲǱȻʺҪö࣬ȷվһˡ
Ҫҳ֣
Ů˽һСκθģͺһͻٽɱˣȻ
ȻʱԻҲһסˣԭأĿһ˲˲ضŮǾµգŮ
ô
ô˲䣬ԻԼ۾ǲǳ⣬ȻôῴأŮ˲ӦǶʮǰѾֻ˵ϾȻȫһģһˣ
㣬ǡ
ڿŮϤգԻȴǲɺݺݵסˣô˲䣬ԼȻԷֶвֻܴԭأȵ䵽ƵϣƺǺ޲һ˶ˡ
ʺһ䣬һϣôвһĨţʺ֪ϾһֱѰһ˵ӰһȻԼѶԷⶼûʺٿĪ硣
֪ѰҵǸ˵˭ôܰѶԷʺҲʼˣһֱѰǸ˾ǰƣȻȵʺ˵ʱǶ֪Ƶȥ
ʱ룬뿪Ҳδһ£Զ˻ʼҵǰӣȫʺ
ʺʶҪסʵۺͰ֮ǰߣȻԻѾ˰ƣȥڵҲѾûκ塣
ǰƣɫ΢΢һ䣬˾Իʣ
вһĨϲĽ˵һڰлʺõŮˣԻȴһ㶼֪ϧ˻ʺһƬġ
ԹʵۣŮϬǰˣлһĨϬɱ˵ĻһԻʶѾɱ˲֪ٴˡ
ŮԼ˵ԻвɼصصͷԶԶԣҾԹʵۣ㵽ʲôˣʲô֣
вмȫûаԻʸС
ʲôˣ
ʺɺݺݵüģǰ˵ĿȫԱϸвһĨšʺڿʱ򣬾;۾˰ƵӣǷ޶꣬Ȼ֮ûʲôദʱȻֻҪһ񣬻ʺоѾ׻е뷨
ôеǵŮһֱǰƣ
һʺҲ׹Ϊλϻ˵ԼǸƭӣŮˣҪȢŮһֱֻǰƣԼռȵռ˰ƵλãЩͻȻԽˡ
һۣһľͺǱݺݵһһʹʹʶסؿڣƶǻϡ檰ݼϣ꣡
ƽʺԺ޽һ£λ˭
˿ԻиûҪ׷Դʹֻ֪ôԼ겻Ů˵˭
ʱҲԸ˻ʺڻʺǰϾһ˴˻ʹͻʺûйϵʲôֱӳ졣


443 ʵʣ˾2
Իʱ򻹿ŮкܺõĹϵ۾Ϲˡ
ǺǣģҲֻʲôˣޱ֤ͻʺ󡣡
Ȼϲ֪ЩѩռϢԹϢһ鶼£Իѩиûκοĵط
Ǻǣвգƣ
ѩľԼʵ
ƣԭŮ˽ƣʱԼڽҴһƳͱŮ˾޵ģסˣʱԻʾͺ͵µ˴Ů˵˭˵ǽС㡣
ƣĪʲôҪĹϵɣ
ʲôϵŮ
ĻԻеҲһ㣬ԼϲϵŮǽϵС㣬ּ֮ͻ飬Ҳ֪˵λС㣬֮ŻڵĻʺͽҲܹ͹ȥ
ʺĿվش𣬡ϣǳ檵ãʲôĲԵĵطϼ¡ʺѾԶ϶ǿ˰ƣȻͰƼƽʲôҪ˵ĻҪڡ
ʺã
Ļ˽һţôʺǺ𽫾һϵеΪһᡣô˲䣬Ի뵽ĲôѰŪԼߣǾԼô궼Բʺһˡ
ʵԻԼ֪ʱѾʼһˣֻô꣬ԼԸϡô꣬Իʳ谮Ϊ鳤ƣǵĵȵƵʱô˲䣬ԻѾûԭеڴ
ʵŮʵѾ϶֮ǰ˵һŮ˵ľǰŮˡ
ƿɲ֪ʵʲô϶ĵͷңе鶼һģͽ޹أ
Ի΢΢һɵģôܻҪԼЩΪеһִ˻ʺͽһţ˻ʺ⡣вһĨˣ㣬еǻʺ󣬽ʺûʲô⣬ȻˣþڹסһʱɣҲʺ󡣡
΢΢һ㶣Ѿ׼ӦԻʵټԼ˽ôʹͿԱھȻŹˣ
ǲţԺԻʲһʲôʱԹʵ۾Ȼô˵ˡ
ʺһȻԾǳŰƵӰɡԻ°ڹԼʵҪϿʱʱƲġ
ʱ򣬻ʺҲзˣǸ˷ǵĻϣڣϴûиı԰õϲһ룬ʺ󷴶ǿˣһǸ˱ӦǰãԼ
ϰѰڹУٰ֮Ѱս󹬣Ҳڰе鶼عԭʺһͣͷͺһڿУʲȥҲϲǾ룬ȴֻѡſ
һʺ˵ƶ㶼ˣξͲ˰ɣʱڹңǽúþò֪ЩôɡʺץסƵֱۣвһĨ
ԭƲ׼£ڽӴʺǿĿ⣬Լ֪ʲôʶͷͬˡһá˳˵˳
ڵõĻش𣬲ǻʺǻж⡣
ãòý⣬ͰѹеԼļҾͺãʺҪסþסãԻһ԰Ƶʱ̬Ⱦȫһһ
߹ԼҪ⣬Ȼڿ϶԰ƵŴڿԼõʱһ˫۾ǻᷢһʺе׻ǿĲ
ˣԭҲֻԼãĸŮˣͻῪĵأ
ܾʲôԼĵطʱڹɣҲܳ顣
ԻһʵǻʺǰѰڹУ֮һŮ˱ԼӡʱƣԻѾʱܷԼõᣬҲѧſ
ǸСŮҲѾ󣬶ȥƻǺȻĻҲӦѾ˰ɡԻʻڻͿӵ顣
ټƣԻҲͨ˺ܶ飬˺ܶࡣ
ʱ䲻ˣʺͰҲϢɣ㡣
ԻҲҪúһ룬Ҫôֲʺ
ȻһڻʺоȫһģֻΪưˣ̬ȵĸıҲҪڰǰһӡˡ


444 ʵʣ˾3
Ȼʺϣǵڶϣ߾Ѿ˸˲ʹ͹޳У鱦黭±ÿһǼõģƽʱʱܹõһͿڹҫܾˣھȻһԶʺ͡
ѾŶ꣬ҶѾʶǻһλʺ󣬻ʺе鶼ǽ̫ӶܻӣȻֻһϵʱ䣬˶ĳҪˡ
ʺһ֮һ֮󣬻ϵޣǻϰһʹĺö͵ʺĶʲô˵ʲô޻ǿˣۺദһ֮ҡ
˼ӱߵӣ춼֪Ѿˤ˶״壬ߣǿ˾ȻֶΣô̲ڶǰѻϵĻ궼Ҫˣ
Ů˾µױҲڸǲס׺ݣŤݿžȻ˲ĸо
ʺǴϰѻϸߵģǺ󹬵ĵһˣеһжӦģЩѹеĹڽŵ£ǻʺǶһ乬ˣһϴȥĵطһʺûлʵ۵ĳңһˡ
Ȼһжˡ
Ůϸָʶߵ棬Ů˷ⶢžŮˣղ䣬ȷüãʲô˥ϵĵط𣬡˵Ϊλ³һʺľͷˡ
ʺǺ֮ҶĿõģŮ˾ͺѾ˿ȻʵǡʹޣԼȻ˻ʺ֪Ů˾Ȼ˶֮ڻǰQµλҩӦøһ㣡
ôǂyûܶˣ
˼ӱ˭ʱ˵ⲻǰΪ鿴ۣȻǸĵŮӣĴˣϵ˾Բ١
ŵµͳͳ˵о͸Ӳʹ졣
ǰױ壬Ǻǣôһư˲ɣǱÿΪˣҪȥֺöǵȥѽ뿴ƻ᲻Ҫǣ
˲˼ӱ̫๬Ůһأģūū澲ҡ
Що˦˦֣۲ΪˣѶʰãȥ
ƽʱʱ˼ӱѾǼ߰˰˵ĹһֺģڵǺãЩʹŮһᶼȥֺȥˡȻҲвٹ̲ڿ˫˭һվ˭Ǳߡ
ȻӶĹѾˣЩ϶ĳ谮֮飬ǹг˼ĺ֮㣬ܿǻصߣڴƺѾûܺĵλȻһվߡ
ǽ쳯֮ϣҶܹԸоϲԾطǰһֱǱĽҪϸ֮ųȥȻĵصõ˻ϵļν
˵»ָԭְȨźͽйص˶ǵõƽ˶ǵõ˻ϵó֮⳯ϵķ򎕿ʼˣ׼
ƺһҹʱ䣬е鶼ڷı䡣
ԭ׮Ѿ׼һٶԭߵľȨھȻʲôûõ㻹ϸԼģﲻҪ˵жˡ
׮벻Լʲôŭ˻ϣٷ̫Ǳߣȴµõ˻ϵΣԽƽ
³֮׮Ҳֱӽˡ
ʶ⵽ô£׮ݺݵšüģڳ֮Ϸظһ飬ôı⣬ý׮Ǳ߲֪Ҫж࿪ˡʶֲǲ֪ΪȨһ˶پȻʲôûõ
׮Ųµ飬޲ɱˡ
ݶһ⻹Ů˸Ĺ
׮΢΢һ㶣֣ȫǷӦǸɵӣŮʲôĿģŮ˸ڹ
׮УûʲôԼġ
΢΢šüģʶǺеĵһˣֲŮˣֱӽ˾ǣѵʻвᡣֻҪһ㣬˭Ҳ֪ġ
׮ƽ˵вκθ飬ͺ۽һȻϹ
ĿҲģŮлһĨ׺ݣȻӦ֮ߡ
ߣǻʺ󣡡
ʺ󣿣ǻ׮ˣʶ˵Ů˲ϾҪˣжڻܳǵļƻ


445 䣬һŭΪգ1
ܱôʺߴôʱԻ϶Ѿˣ»ǰеıһԶᵽڻʺжκһ㲻һ̬ʵ֮ǰʺѾ͸ˡ
ŶѾ棬ʺ⵭Ȼʲô˼ǰвһĨ죬Իڵı֣ҲĶԻʺûи飬Ŀ㣬Щ㻹𣬻ʵ۶òã
ʺֻ΢΢ҡͷ԰׵ϼѾĨһۣ֬Ȼϵ㲻Ƿǳԣ۲ѡʲôòõģӰˡ
ԻʺԸ˵ȥ鶼Ѿȥ벻ʲô𣬲ıδ
תͷĿǰãڽʱ򣬻ʺͷ۰ã΢΢˵ˣ㣬Щһֻ棬úòãƶЩ궼ȥʲôˡ
ԼʱҲûʲôҪĵطʱѡźͻʺһЩȻԶǶαȽѵֻѡһЩ˾ø˵˵
ʺҲ棬֪İȻҲģͺҲŰƵĽԺиֳһȤĻ档ʺȻҲףС뿪ȻҲٵѣƾֱϲǵӣٴ飬ڼǰչ¶
ƶЩܿˡ
ᣬҲѧ˺ܶණʶ˺ܶѣģһ㶼ÿ࣡һ棬ûе뿪Զ᳤
ϼݵ
ſڴ΢΢һ㶣໥һۣʺȻǲµϿ϶ڰƷЩȡǴӱϿȥԻҲȫԻʺûи顣
㣬ˣһԼҽúãҲԷˣһϣеࡣ
ʺϵЦݣǳȥɡһɵѾͷƻɣģ˾ǳŰģֻǰԼûʶˡ
檹ӭϡȻʺ꣬ǰһסʺĸ첲˶Է񣬡öˣʺɺã͹ļֻǧ˲Ч㲹塣
λĵģ֪ԼĻʺЩ岻Ǻܺã˲ǲѪ͸ʺãڿⷿǧ˲ΣҲ͸ʺ˹
л¹ģѾöˡʺ󲻶ɫرܿ˺ͻ֮ĽӴԱǲҪӽҲϣԼɷĶԴԼȻʧĴˣڻʺиһ
ⰵҲһˣο׻ʺ̬ȣɬԺеǴʱģǰԼСŮȫһģһЩֵܹ˭
̾һˣ°ɣʺĴ߰ɡ
ǣʺϹϾػش֮ദģʽȫķ޻Ҫֺûʵ۵Ĺͻʵ֮ദ¼ϼĹ࣬ȴһ׽
ϲ뿴ʺģȻ̾ϢȴΪԼִ˻ʺСŮ̬ҪŮٶԼϲ
ƿ˻ʺ¿һۻʵۣദģʽЩ֣Ҫȥе㲻ʺϡֻʱˣŻʺڻʵ۵ĺ棬һǰһشӷ˳ȥвһĨġ
ۺڰСϣԻػɣԼ첻ȿ˵ĻСŮ˻һ仰˵ƽʱʱ򣬻ϵ˭ԼһߣԷָҪ˳ʲôģһʺϿɾһ㶼ãҲûʲôҪԼ˵ġ
ಽţ˴˱ְƺҲѵõİ
ĬİҹʱҲڹУȻҲʱʱ̶̿ڹƽҩǸոճţԶӭ˻ʺһ۵˳
ԹĻʵۣ
֮ǰһֱԹʵۺͻʺʧͣһ𣬾ȻĪгĸо˭˵Ǹ鲻ˣ
ҹǻʺɣߵǻʵۣѾԴϿ϶ˣȻĬǲʳˣԺʹŲѽ


446 䣬һŭΪգ2
İҹһ۲ԶŮĬ˵˭ȫϣش𣬡ûпԹʵۺͻʺһ𡣡ԹҴڻʹ߶˳˻ʵۻеڶ
ĬҲɾԼɵˣⲻǺԵĽԼǰȻʳ⻰ƣϺͻʺĹϵƺڻ
Թ壬ԣʺжԻѾˣԻʵ۵ֺõΪϡ
ȻĬվԹߵĽǶȴǿĺ΢΢һĨһЦݣҹǸȥҿŰɣԹʵ۶ԻʺҲȫûи飬һ˵۾ƭˣԻڿŻʺʱһ˫۾ڷһĶǻʺ󡣡
ʱ˾֣ϲһˣȴһΪһЩԭǿӲžǲ˵ȵʧȥʱŻĪ
ΪĬһԲеΪ⣬Ϊһӵԭ˵˺˫Ƿֺõ飬Իڸ鷽ҲǺܴ
ߡİҹʱԻʺͻʺ֮ԿźʲôҪ˵ĬҪȥҲᷴ
İҹԼ֣ԼĬǰѾ˵ǧ˳ֻҪĬˣԸһ𣬲ʲô飬һĶ԰
Իʺͻʺǰ棬ȫûע⵽ǵѾСβ͡
ԻȰҪԼĻʺȿڿǺˡ̾һûʲôҪ˵
ʺ΢΢һ㶣ΪԼⱲӶûлˣʱȴʵˡ
ǻʵ۶Իʺһ˵ĳƺܵʵ۵ĳңֻҪһڻʺλϣƺֻлʺһ˿С
»ʱ򣬻ʵôƺʺģȻᣬжԼʺﻹôƺԼ
ϻʺ⣬ϲ飬ԼЩԻʺĿ̱ԼȻһŮˡ
ЩԲҲ֪ԭǵáҡԻ飬ڻʺǰƶûãֻһ򵥵ġҡ֣»ʺ빬ŮӴһһĹףµգô˲˻ʵһĽ䡣
˵ԻûϲʺǼٵġ
ʱľޣʺԲȰѷɫʱھͳԼĻʺʱô˲еŮ
ɪгȻҲһοֵʱ⡣
ĻҲʼ˵ڽŮ˵ģֱһ죬΢˺ͰƼΪ飬֮˹жŮϲټϻϺͻʺ˶ֻ͵ˣΪĳֿʼ˱Ť˲Эìܡ
ϻһδλɣʺ޸ԼǲǽһıϵǸڵĻʺ󡣿ǵȵںһδεòУʺǸ˻ûʵиӻɡ
˵Ĺϵ㣬ټмнͣۺ˻гŹˡ
һжôģǶˡ
ʱʱ⣬˴Ӳˡ
зӿȻ䵽ʺУȴǰ㿴˵Ҫʲôʺ΢΢˶٣Աķ羰жʱԿ硣
ȥִʺ˶ƮƮɵĸоô˲䣬оȻƲסصģʺ᲻¸ʱ̾ͷˡ
һͣҪǰݺݵסʺĸ첲
ϳסʺŻʵһ΢΢˶ٲ˵ֻҪƶͬ⣬檾Բʲôǰʺ֮λƶҲǶȷĽһвҷ
ԻôֲԻʺĿǷǵ˻ʺߣȻһӱҪȻʺλˡɺݺݵšüģϻһĨŨŨķ꣬ʱʵҲ֪Ҫôͻʺˡ
ʲôʱ˵Ҫѻʺ֮λøˣǶѾôޣڻ飬ȻѾˣ˵һжעİţȻҲûбҪı䡣
Իģͺǻɱһʺ΢΢һ㶣һ뷨ֲȷ
۵׵ɻԽԽӦҪʲôװı£Ҫʲô檶ĽΪ
ԣ֮ƺûк˵ʱ򣬻ʺôӣʱȴһ㶼á
ĿŻʵۣһѾģԻʾһҪ˺ú˵ģʱʲô˵ˡ
ʲôбȹҧгݵĸо


447 䣬һŭΪգ3
ԻʶŻʺȻʱ򣬻ʺԼ֪֮ǰĬȻǽһֶҩĶԣڻһֶһֱĥӣʺϿȥƺǱ֮ǰҪܶ࣬Ȼʵʵȴһ㶼á
ʺָоԼʣµʱѾˣȻˣʲôԵĵģ
ԻϵʱҲ˼ֹ˱ԹͼԹߡ
Ϻݺݵüģûһ˸ҵԼ˵治ĻΪӶȥȻŮ˱ʱȴǲòǿԼ侲һԼܺŮ˷
ǿƲסԼؿҪˡ
ģĻϣʺȴǲЦˣôлᳰȥ¾˺ԼʺзѾЩ˵˵İ취ӶûǵҲǲ
ǺǣôˣǱ˵£ʺ΢΢Ҳ԰裬ֻЩǻʺûչ¶ġ
ڼ޸ʵ֮󣬻ʺԭĽŮҪڻʹнС΢СŮˣʲô飬ò˼Укܶ졣Ȼ֪˵ӣΨһޣĸԸȻߵʱͻȻͿʼɵѡǲǶԵġ
ΪǰԼˣӲԼģĺ
֪˵ʲô㿴ӣûһʺķ緶ʵۺݺݵضǰŮˣʱǰСŮеĸ顣ǻʵ뿴
Ǻǣǰûлʺķ緶ʺҲ뵱ˣڰƻˣðѻʺλû
Ů˸ԻʺиͲЩ
ɫҰףؿںǺݺݵضһôʲȥҲ²ѪӿԽˡǻʺǻϣ˶Ǵͷϣ˭Ҳûע⵽ʺɫı仯
㿴ⶼ˵ʲô޴û˵Ҫ»һʺ󣡰ã޵ãȢԼõ˵
ʺţԻҲĲڣ첱Ӵ֣ƺ˭ĸӴ˭ˡ
ѵ˵Щ겻һֱڵŰƣǰֺα˵Щٻõŵ£Բˮλǣ
Ǻǣλʺ֮λҪóȥͿóȥģ޵Ӵֻȥûλ˵ʵǱʺˣĻ˵˳
ʺֻȥûλ˵
ʺһۣⶢǰˣԭԼλУ浱ںˣһﶼ᲻öԷܡ
ҲԼУֻлʺˣϲȢףʹ֮ҲӭµĻʺǺ飬Ĳ̣
ʺʹĻҲ˵Ը
Ů΢΢ԴͺڸղѾþԼеһ̾ãˡ
ϺݺݵüģûŪԼҪ˵ʲôŮ˵ʲôʲôףŻʺһûɵģϲһۣ֪ŮһʲôҪͣһֲ֪ô͡
ȻʵϣѾǰŮ˸ŵˣʺôˣ㲻Ҫңˣˣ̫ҽ̫ҽأ
ŮǲѪܿɫ·մ˺ɫѪ۶ǺɫѪô˲䣬Ѿ˼ɲκ飬ỹǵ֮ǰʺԼĻ˵Ļǵġ
ŵ㣬һ˵£޻кܶ໰Ҫ˵Ҫס㣬׼۾ңŮԼǰѪֹƴزǺܿѪ֪ЩѪǴðġ
һһôѪ²жѪǿž˵Ĳѡ
ʺ֮ǰǱһ³ˣ֮ǿƲסѪ
ǰѾʼŮ֪Ҫֲסˡ
һɣ˵ڿԽ
һ㶼Īɵĸо΢΢̫ˣһֳ׵Ľѡ
ʱ򣬿˵ĵģǲǿ԰οԼһʵô˲Լġ
ǺЦԲ𣬳檿ˣԺ󲻹ǰǰƣ㿪ľͺãҲˡûлʺλֻȥӦ˰ɡ
Բ˵κβõĻҲºеһж
޲׼ҺúõػûʲôûаҪ˾ֻ㣬ֻҪúõĻţʲôУҳס
ڰο𣬾֪˵ٻҲúðο
һˣѾע˺ٲ



448 ⶾ¿ʼ1
ԻʴûиоԼԼŮǰѪֹɾסŮˣʹ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
رסǰŮˣͺһëһܲһƺһʺͻ᳹뿪硣ЩʺһֱãѾǰԼܹˣӲ˵廹Ҫܶҩĥȫһˡ
㲻ҪһжҵĴֻҪúõģʲôԣЩ궼ҵĴҹ㣡
һεδۿʱԻʲһͨˣڿԼŮԼȴΪϢл˱Ʒ衣
ΪʲôȵһУҪȥֲԷʱ򣬾һĻᶼԼ
ſ
κͷ𣬻΢΢һ㶣ͷԷĬ⣬ʶס˻ŮˣڻʺûԲκı
ʲôˣҪʲô
ʵĬ̫ϬʱͻȻ֣˲ǹеԻзġ
ǻʹ㲻ҪȻܿץֱʱ򣬻ʵۻвĬҪԻʱܵıŮˣȻĬвˬ˵ֱʰʵۡ
ԹˣͲúԹʵۡ
Ĭֻ⳰Ůø죡ſ
һĬ̫ǿô˲䣬ԻʶһӱסˣĬָʾСطſʺ󣬰ѻŮطڵϣﻹǲȫĬ
ؿĬ΢΢üԻʾԼûмǰˡڻʹȻף֮ǰǰҪͽˣˣԺǲʲô˶Խ´˵Ǵ̿ˡ
ʲôˣҩʦȾҪʲôҶ㡣ԻΪһ֮Ȼ̶ĬҪڶԻ˵ֻҪԾλʺ󣬸κδ۶ԣ
Ĭʱúͻʵ۶˵ʲôҪǻʺΪ˻ʵۣʺ׮ƺ׮˵ĸף˵ʲôӲܡ
ÿ
һ䣬ҲҺ֮ǰĬƳһö߽׽ⶾȻһʱ֮䲻ȫʺڵĶԣǿԱסʺһ
˵ֱӰѽⶾιʺڼʵҪֹ
ŵĿĬжɴһĨ㣬㵽׸ʺʲô
֪ʱȻҪĬԻʺģҲˣĬҲúͻʵ۽ʲô鿴һʺȷʼƽһ
İҹ˽ĬˣȻĬƺͻʺҲûкǹģǾʱĬԼҹƵҩΪ˸ʺⶾͿԿĬھλʺҲǼΪġ
СΪĬȥͷĺˮרעģͺзǳҪһ
Ĭ΢΢İҹ¶һõЦݣģڻʺѾˣʱʲô⡣
Ĭ⻰䣬ʺ󻺻˫ۣлһĨŨŨɻ󣬡ǵ𣡡
Ȼʺ󶼾Լη϶ǱˣԲŻһ˵
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷҪ˵ǰش𣬡ôܣ˵ҲҪүǷĵͲһŮ˶ˣ
⻰˵ĵҲǴĬȴǲмһˣղŲڣʱʺι˽ⶾڻʺѲˡ
Ǻǣ
ĬЦԻϻһĨΣȻĬûҲĬ
ʺѾСŮĹĿڿĬʱлһĨȻĬлл㣬ҡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷӦģﻹҪע⣬ƽʱʱעȶȻѪӿֻٶѪҺӣǼΪġ
Ĭôһ˵ʺȻҲǷӦղ̫ˣŻöԲܿơ
ãˣҪлĬˡ
еĻÿһַֿԻʶһ֮Ӯˡ
Ǻúһ˼·ǷӦʺжˣôͻжʺڻʹ֮УԴöõĶǹеĶôж
ϻʵ˵ǣĬϳɫԽԣѵڻʹоͲΣˣҪĬ˵ʹȫĵط
ǺǣҪŮˡ
Ĭֻ˵˲ãǷǵˣڿʺܵĴоһôʲȥ˵
Ȼʺһ㶼ҪἰģĬҡͷĬҪ˵ˣⶼǹȥˡ
ȻڶԻ˵ʺİΣҪ顣
˵ˣ⵽ô£


449 ⶾ¿ʼ2
Ի̬ȵҲǲҪĬĿ࿴ˣΪ˿ƫ̻ԼϲŮˣ˭˵ƫġƫҲ̫ˣѾݱ˺˵Ͳˡ
ĬԹûж೤ʱ䣬Щʱ˽⣬ǶκεĺøУЫĳŮ˹Ȼ˽ܲ˵
Ǻǣ⻹ʲô˵ģʵʵǰǰˣвԸϰˣȻάǸŮˣͲҪ̬
Ĭֱӣˣʹ֮к󹬷Щ飬ʵۻʲô֪˵ݣһССĹôҶԻʺ¶
ò˵ĬڳԻʵʱҲǰ㲻Լ뵽ʲôֱ˵ù˼ɱʲôеĲˬй֮鶼ò١
ʺڵЩΣղźʶĬģϿ϶ЩĬ˵ġ
Ŀ£Ĭ⺢ֱ㲻Ҫƽϡʺ΢΢ĬΪԼвƽ϶ǱĬ
Ĭ˵ЩĻ֮ԻҲɵӣ֮ǰԸŮںʲô飬ʵҲ⣬ֻҪи˾ͺáȻڿʺһϢģղŲԶŮˣһʹǴ󳹴
Щ궼Щʲô쵰飬ӲԼĻʺĥģ
ԲԲҲ֪Ĳ֪ʵҲ뵽Ů˾ȻЫĳҶԻʺ¶Իһݣشӵϱʺ󣬡ģһֻһ
󹬲ĸŮȨȨڻʵϣҪ˭˭Ϊ˭Ϊ˭
ϻʵͻȻı仯֮ǰʺ󶾷ʱһǣƺʵʹĺѵ״̬£ܸܵǰ˵Ĳͬ
Ȼı仯ûʺЩˡ
㣬ҡ
ʵԼĻʺʲô˵΢΢ҡͷҶףЩ޴ˣҲԭңһҪúõĻȥһֲĻòá
ĵģĻ߼⣬ӶԷ˵۾ͿԿǻɻʺ𺳵ˡ۵׻Ǿ죬ܵȵʵԼʱ
ϺͻʺҲǸ߳ûжԶľ룬ǸղŻغȻҲ˶Ǳߵע⣬ѩǵһʱˡ
Լҽ㱻ϱڻŨŨĵģ㣬㣬㻹ðɣ
ʺ΢΢죬ƿԼţָоԼͺһС͵͵ڰƵĻʺ֮λˣھȻڰǰҫҪӻϵĻȴǱϱøӽˡ
ò㣬ԣ㣬ʺ󿴿Իʽüģ˿˼κˣֻлʺĵġ
û£ţȻŰƵ¶ԼĹģʺ󷴶ԽɬҡͷûˣſңҿԼߣ
ԭСŮֻҪ뿪ԼĻ֪ûʵвһĨŨŨĴܸеĻʺ壬Ҳѵصһۻʺ󣬡㲻ڵȥһʺúơ
ǸղĬݺݵһԻʣȻΪ˻ʺԻʱҲ׷ĬĹʧ
ԻһְظоڻʺڵĶԣֻ˿Խ
Իʲ˵ĬҲ᲻ܻʺ
ѩҲע⵽վһߵĬİҹˣ΢΢һ㶣кܿ컮һĨȻ١
İҹﲻ뱩¶Լݣѩ΢΢ҡͷֹҪ˵Ļ
Իе˼ڻʺϣȻҲûע⵽ߵ

ʺȻ֮ǰĬĽⶾĵľǺܶ࣬һѾȻ˯ˡ
ĬϺûʺüģһ࣬ı鲻ûϸӵˡ
ѩ֮ǰΪʺΪĳЩԭŷųϢڿʺȷܲãŵĿĬӣ嵽ôˣ
ѩԭΪԼϻ˽㣬һжڳźõķչȻʵϲŻʺ԰׵ףһĶ
ҲǻҪʵ⡣
ʺֹۣ֮ǰýⶾʱѹס˻ʺڶԵӣʺղ¼ڵĶԣڽⶾڶԵѹûԽԽһҪһζ֮ǰҵĽҩС
Ĭɫ࣬⻹һǳֵ顣
ҵҩǿȥҽҩӣƽⶾǽҩأѩڴĿĬһԼĬһа취ġ
λҪѩʧˡ
̯̯֣ҲڵĶҩӦĽҩڻûȫﵽʲôҪýҩ͸ˡ
Ӷûа취𣡡
ѩܽʵѾܿƵشۿһſŵ
Ŵҳصı飬Ĭв̣ʵҲȫûа취
Ĭİҹ˶һۣȻڶԷпһ뷨Զ뵽һȥˡ


450 ⶾ¿ʼ3
İ취Һһӱ˼ѪһһƵĿĬʲô취
ǻʵҲһһĹξҪѧԼȻǹغԼʺصĴ£ԻѾûκ뷨ϵĵĺͽȫġ
Ĭһ˭ʺµĶһ֪⵽ʲôֻҪ֪˶ҩҩԣýⶾҩҲ˺ܶࡣ
ôãһֱΪؼҲ򵥵İ취
Ĭ⻰˵ҲǼΪȻԷ¶˵ԷϻнҩץǸԻʺ¶ˣһеⶼӭж⡣
˭Ǹ¶ˣֻҪ˶óҲͲҪǶ˵ʲô
ѩŻʺ壬ƴԼһʺҵҩһս˫ȭ㣬ңһѽҩûһѩѵŮˣ
ʺɺݺݵšüģͰûйϵƱץŮ˾ԲŹơ
ƶ㲻ȥ
Ĭ΢΢ˣΨһȥŮҪҩֻлϣھǿԻǲˡ
ʵĬĿ̫ɱͺڳҲ˵˵ˣ䵽ʵжϾͲˡ
ʵѾʼ֪Լˣƫ̬𽥻תֻҪûʺʲôġ
ãˣҩͽޣһɹûؽҩ
Ĭȵľǻʵһ仰ˣ֮ǰҲֱӳǱѰҽҩܿͷ˵ߵжٱѾûʺأӲóҩ
ã͵ŻϵĺϢˣ
֪ĬʹüȻԻʾϹˡ
תͷؿһۻʺ󣬡޻Ҫ
ʺ΢΢ͷϾãл϶䡣ʺԻʵʱûжٺɫǱ֮ǰҪúܶˣܶ鶼Ҫһı䣬ĽҲѾû˺ܶࡣ
ң
˵ԻҲٳɣ뿪ס˼ӱȥ磬ٶһ㶼ٶȿһ㣬ͿΪʺȡһʱ䡣λĶԻʺˡ
Ż뿪ıʺлһĨ˼飬֪ǲԼֱ⣬Ȼоڷı䡣
ѩһǰϣ˻ϣԻʺ˵㣬 һģȵûؽҩһжģ
ϣɡ
ʱ򣬻ʺ󷴶ѾˣʵûжĲ𣬷ţռ˻ʺλãڶʲô֪İƣһ˿顣
ֻʺ˵ƶһҲˣϣչ˻ƶӣǶ޹ġ
ѩݺݵšüģϲʺԱģǰһסʺĸ첲㣬һжģңΪ̫Ӻ͹ҲҪֱȥ
ʱ׮ƺ׮ҲǵһʱõϢ˹
ĸĸû°ɣ
׮ƽŵĿʺߣȷʺûгʲô£΢΢һĸ㶼ˣһҪúõģ
ɵӣⲻǺúõ𣡡ʺ׮Ƶģ¶һЦοԷǲ԰׵ɫȴǺš
׮ע⵽ѩĴڣ΢ǣҺм㣡
׮ජѩź죬һ벻
ʺѾ׮ƺ׮ܽеԼõϣһԼչ˺ӡƵӻʺģ׮ǽʺҲԷġ
ƶǵựҵãԺǼҪǼһ𾴡ʺ󲻵òΪÿǡ
׮ƺ׮˺֮ǰ뿪˻ʹͻ֮ĸ鲻Լûܰȥ֪ǻô
׮΢΢һ㶣ȻĸãʵǶûʺ˵λ̵лһĨɻ󣬵ǿڳƺ̡
׮ҲŽһ̣
һڿĬʱԼмλ̡ȷ˵̣֮ǰǲĬߴְѧԺʱҸĬŵʱǽ㡣
⻰һ˵ȴô˼顣λȻǻʺãôܻĬϹϵ
ѩ΢΢ͷڻʺ빬ûжñ뿪˽ȻûмӣҪǺѹǲµݣȻǽĺӣ
ǣļԲǵȷѧԺ
ƺһо찲ŵɺһһһڳɹ˶ϵһ


451 󹬣뿪1
˼ӱ
һ鶼Ǻܺã޲Ҫɱ˵飬׼ȥһʸףȻ֪ȥ˻ʺĶ͸Ӳˡ
˵Ǻ󹬻ʺʱתǰ׮ʧȥ˻ᣬз겻ѣ벻ˣˣȻͻȻ˻ʺŮˡ
ĽŲһ꣬ʶΪĸ֪ôĹ˽Ϣһ֣ͷ˵˵˱Ҫȥ
һвϲһˣܶԷʲôῴŲˬ֮ǰСƢԻʶֱӺԲƣȻȵϲŮ˵ʱ򣬾ǶԷ˵仰ǴǴ
ԻһĨŨŨĳôһֱһٻԼķܿ࣬ʲô
ǺǺǣ޵ǲ֪ôļƣ
΢΢һ㶣ȵתԻʳ⣬ϲһĨңô˲ȻûڳԼȻĳѾΣУƺԼʲô飬϶Լ
ŮˮŻ¶һ˵ЦݣȻŮ˶ûĶ鵱Ȼѷɫ˲壬Ͽɵ·һɣ¶Բ˫磬ģҪжľжˡ
ϣˣ
ƽʱԻǰ§Уúó谮һǣȻڲûУվԭأĿ䣬ǰŮɦŪˣֻöġ
һаŮߣƯʲôãĶǺˣ
ûеõϵϣǾЩĲŮǶԻʹʲôɡŻѪϵıȴǸᣬĿԻʣϣôˣʲô𣡡
ԻܿĿʱ࿴һŮ˶࣡
Ǻǣʲôвö˵ʲôżɽѽҩ
ҩʲôҩ
һϵľžѾ¶Լ֪ġ
ò˵ʵݼǺܺãô꣬Իʴûжκλɣڵĺڡ
ʲô޿ˣѽҩ޿һ
ò˵ʼҵ˶飬ϲʱ򣬲ʲôǶԵģǵȵˣǧڶԷﶼﶼǴ
λˡ
װԼʲô֪ӣʱ˵ʲôܳϣɻؿŻϣϣ˵ʲô˭ǰʲô
Ǹղ۵׻ĨݣԻ˵Ů˵ףɵӣٱƭˡ
飬㲻ҪװˣʺϵĶµİɣҪ㽻ҩȻǺǡԻһߵزȻĹ֮еǰ취鿪ڡ
һλĶˣ͸ӽˡ
ϣûУҡ
ԻԲȥˣһҩ
סģָ׿۽棬ȴһ㶼оۣɫ԰ףϣųûôҶԻʺ¶أŮҧסϣҲҳϡ
Իʺ¶ʱһ㶼ûԥԻʵʵʱ򣬲֪ˡ
ҪʧˣֿģҲѾԻ̣µĶŭͲˬ
˵ҩҪ޶㶯֣
Իпκθ飬ģɾԼӻϵʵʵҩ˻ɱԼʺᣡȻں߳ôãȻþôˡ
ϣҪɱ𣡡
޲ϻҩһ飡
ԻеĲͷԽԽƺѾʧȥеġ
ŮףԼӵеһжǻʵ۸ģͬĵʵҪջһҲ練ơ̫ĲʣȻڽӴʵ۱⣬Ѿܷ
ãȥѽҩҳ
̾һ˺һ
ԻʿһСӷҶһ飬Ȱ㲻Ҫ޵ǰ˦ʲôСҪʺúõػţʺʲộ㣬ĶҲŹ
˵ʱʺ£ֻԼҪʺᣬ׮ҲҪһһͣеС˼
սеСƿӣȻǻʺеǂyĽҩԸѽҩȥ
ϣ㲻Ҫˣ׮Ҳӣô֣
һݣǲţţôôġ
Ǻǣѽҩޣ޿Էһ·޵Ķӣ޵ĶӶˣһ
Ի䣬ԼĶΣһĸף׮ԻеӡѾ˱㡣


452 󹬣뿪2
Ի仰ĵҲڸʺĽҩֽţѾ򵥵ԼӹغԼӵȫ
ģҩû⣬߾ǣһԼ׷㲻ܶҺ֣ȻαװѾʧȥЧʱҲαװؿŻʵۣò϶ĻشԸͻҩ
Ǳ¶ԼʵԸ侲ģڲԻԼ֮ǰ޴
޺޵ҧģ޲ôҩ
һҪΪõҩǰ仰Ҫ˵Ȼ˾ÿֲ˭뵽ںŮ´棬ǹȥһ첻ʱ䣬ͺһ綼ˡ
õҩԻʶ˵ת뿪Ҫжж顣
鿴ŻĮıͺǷڱһޱȣ֪Լˡ󣬵ȵʺȨԼ⹬лʲôֻԼ׮Ҳʲôý
УˣȥĻӸйѾһ˶ˣȫ֪Ҫôźãʶ뵽ԼĶӡжӣ׮ô϶нİ취
ںʲôԻǰ㶼⣬𼱻ǵسʺ޹ϻһĨ˷ܵЦݣһˣҰѽҩûˣ
뿪һʱ䣬ȻôʱͰѽҩŪˡ
һʺоˣ
죬㣬㿴ϰѽҩõˣ̫ˣ̫ˣмᶼҪˡ
չô˳ֲŵĸо
׮ƱȽ侲ýҩҲһʱ䣬¹ػʺΣԻϵʱҲ˼־أڻʺǰһ£
ϴǱŪ˽ҩһʱ˹Ҫ㿴ʺȴǱԼĶӵסҲҺ׮ƣ֪ڻʺУ׮ƺ׮ӵҪԣԻеŭͽ
ɫż׮ƣ㵲ʲôÿĸ½ҩ˵
׮жԻûжٵη֮ģУû˻ԼĸҪ
У˭֪öҩǲģĬȼһ˵
ǲλϣҪ˽˻ʺȫҪ鷳ȻҲΪ׮Ƹӵ˸˻ϼٵĽⶾ
ûӸٵĽҩСʹ괬СΪûдģصصͷԣ׮˵ĶԣĬӣ㻹Ǹһöⶾǲİɣ
Ĭ΢΢ͷȻѣСĵùϵݹĵҩϸؼһȷûʲô⣬ֻܲܽ˻ʺĶԣҲȫȷⲻǶҩʺ֮󲻻ʲô˺ĻӦþǽҩˡ
Ĭ϶Ļش𣬴Ǻݺݵһ
ʺﷴûô˼ɣѾˣѵܸһ㲻ɣˣҲõˣȻĬô˵ˣûʲô⣬ҷ°ɡ
Żʺöҩ裬˶ס˺۲Żʺı仯һʱ䣬Ҳʲôһĵط
⵽ǽⶾ˻ûУ
Ĭ˿ʱ䣬ŲⶾҲӦÿˣǰһ˵ʺʲôоҸɡ
ʺ΢΢ͷ˵ʵûиоʲô仯ƺǺԭࡣ
ĬϸŻʺƽͨ裬ԭھеĶѾʼɢǽҩڷˡüɿ΢΢ͷûʲô ˣʺȶֻѪȽϿպúõͺá
Ĭ϶Ļش׮ƶ۾ģʺûˣ
зе㲻ŵģһ飬ĬȷûŪĸϵĶѾ𣡡
Ĭ΢΢ͷ˴һ϶Ļش𣬡ڵĶѾ˵Ĳˣİɡ
ϢʺԼе㲻ţĺˣ
Ҫ˵ĵһǻˣѿһĨõЦݣƵĿһ˲˲ضŻʺ󣬡ʺ󣬻ʺˣ۰
ǰҾȻˣҲˣ
һԲĳ˿ŶĽĬİҹ˶һۣҲһ˰ɡ


453 󹬣뿪3
ڳɹ˻ʺϵĶԣһжڳźõķչԻԼôԻʺĿǷڿ˼Ҫֺûʺⷴǻɻʺ󱻲Ǻ⣬һ㶼⣬Ҫжûʺ󿴵ԼĲС
ĬİҹȻҲûµıҪʱһ
ˣҲˣֲǲټԺֵ°ѾԻĬİҹ뿪׮ƺ׮඼Ѿһ·ͳʮʮﳤͤͱĸоˡ
ôȥǶҪ뿪ԹĬҪǲҪԼһȥˡ
׮ƺ׮˶һۣȻҲǲȥˡٶĸ飬Ҫֿ
ãĬİʦߣǾ͵ֵ֮仰˵ԺѧԺټ׮صصͷкܶҪ˵Ļʱ򷴶˵ˡ֮ǰ飬ȻҪ̫ԡ
ãʹһѧԺټ
Ĭ΢΢֣׮ƺ׮˻ָһһ׶ݺὭҲǱҸ
׮ǸԼбһĨӰڣ󻯳һСڵʧ΢΢۵ײһĨ
Զκˡ
׮һ̾Լ۵׵Ĩ飬ʽ㣬˵ģѹԼΪΣ˵ܱȶԷʲô֪Ҫã˵֮仹лأ
ʵ˵仰׮ԼҲ϶̫ҫۣҲ󵽵ôŮ˲ܺ䡣ǵĬİҹ˳ǵǰȻֹĸо
׮΢΢㲻ǿˣѾһˣԶȥģȻ֪˵ñ˴˶оΣΪʲôһҪԼҲʹأǺܺã
ܺ׮вףó׮ɲԼ˵ˡȻϲһһ飬رϲǸĵ׵Ǹ˻Լʱ
ˣʽҪҸҲϣҸǶҸģǻȥɡʺĸѾڵˡ
ڣ۳ҽòڣ
Ĭ΢İҹ¶һõЦݣҹһȣ˭ٵݱȽϿ죡
ã
˶ʶӿ˽Ųǵķȥ
Ǹ·ǡ
ֹſڣһжôϤĬ㣬һƺǺһǰ뿪ǵʱûжı仯
ӣѾſڣô˲䣬ĬȻֲǰĸо
İҹҪܶ࣬ϸǵķ羰С˴СĵطԼҲǵһطΪĬĹϵİҹвж˼ֺøС
Ĭ߰ɡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷһǰ뿪ǣڻˣҲѧɣûйҵϣҲɶ˼ֵصصͷţߡ
߽ǣĬ֮ǰûз֣ȵ֮ĬԸое߲Ǻ˵вӦƺһµա
İҹȻҲע⵽ⲻԾĵطɺݺݵšüģĬǰҲ𣡡
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷȻоӦǳʲôŻǻҿ
ǵĵط˵Ƿʲô飬ȥҿײˡ
ߣ
ĬеԼĸ׵İΣµĲҲԽԽ죬޲Ͼ͵
һĬеģȻһ겻ƺ˼ֳ¾ɵĸоһĨѹֵĸо
Բ
Ĭǰһţ˺һʱ䣬΢΢͸һԴӦţҪ֪ǰҴţϱﲻһһҲṩ˲ٷ㡣
ҴŽգĬԽ࣬вһĨõԤС
ǵһʱ䣬еӦʲô棡
Ŷֻ΢΢͸ŷˣȷĬϲûжԣ΢΢һ
ĬüģңĬһˣţ
ȻŵģĬֻܷӦкǰһʱ䣬û뵽λүĬġ
㵽˭ʲôĿģ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣͷ˵滰ûˣ˵ԼĬûţѵ㱨һַˡ
˵һ飬ĬǵүҿţĬжѾЩͷˡ
ҵүС˵ĶоһЦֻүûĬ


454 ع飬ȥ1
ǻĬˣվԼſڣȻ⣬˵һ飬Ĭ㲻ʶңȥǵˣ˵Ĭˣ
ĬоԼƢҲԽԽˣײԼ˼ú˵
СǿĬһۣвΪȻĬһŵģЩˣֹؼʱǲҿšֻܰĬİҹ˸ſڣǺãȥͨһţ
ҹҪһˡĬҲΡ
İҹ΢΢ҡͷЩ£Ȼ͵Ȼɡ
һʱ䣬Ŵ򿪣ӭϻ˷ܵĹâ㲻˵Ĭأôţ
ʱԣӶҪ²ļһҸϳȥȻ⣬˵ȥЦ
ү٣棡СҲģûмĬ᲻ʶĬȻҲȻ
Ŵ򿪣ӵһʱ˳ȥĬϤ΢΢תϤףӣþò
ôһˣһҲǳɳ˲٣ҶǱ۸Ǹˣڲʵʲô˲ֻһΣԽţҳǾү
ӵĳƺѾûм˻ᵱôƺˣȻĬǰǸӣ
ٴμĬǼȫԺˣǰһһѱסĬؾİҹûֹӵĿ
Ĭ˱ӵļ򣬡ӣһ㻹𣡡
̫ûмĬˣڿĬַӦĸо˵ĬĬ㣬ڻˣһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ţҶ㡣
Ĭһӵļ򣬡˺ˣⲻǻʲôǽȥ˵ʱĬҲǻİҹĴڣİҹܵӣҹİҹ
Ĭʱ򲻻˵İҹԼˣȰİҹѣ֮һ
ҲӦ֪ԷĬСһ𳤴ĺѣѵ¶һ˿Իı飬ãİҹ
⻹ĬһؼҵѣĬһֻİҹһѣȻѶĬǲһġ
΢΢ͷһЦãӣֱӽӾͺáȻԷĬѣȻӵѡ
һţĬղԼǵʱԸоղԾӣǷʲôҺҹǵʱоܲ
Ĭ飬ȻҲ˵飬ĬǸոռ棬Ļű˴֮ɡ΢΢һ˵Ĭȴȥü˵ɡ
Ĭģʲô֮ãǽȥ˵
ĬѧɹϢܿʹһңжǵһǰĬƾһ֮͵κ򶷵ĳѾΪԶûа취ǵ顣
ع飬һҪ˵ж༤Լûз֣һǰʱѾĬе֧ƺֻҪĬڣȫõĻκѡ
ĬΣʱ֣ͺ찲ŵػһ
һǰĬ˴̫ǿһᣬڿĬʱӦǰѵ˲һסˣĿĬ
Ȼ
쿴Ĭʱô˲Ҳһ𣬾ͺǿϣһĬôˣ
ô궼ѾϰӲ̬Ĭ˵Ѿиı˺ܶ࣬ĬʲôеĽ
Ĭ΢΢ͷѧԺż٣һ겻ؼˣҴѻؼҿ
ǰһĬʱãͷڻˣǶˣ㲻֪ŵʵ̫ˣ
ţ
ĬһǺѲϵˣźûʲôϵΪʲô
첻ԼǸոյңϢûϢֱӱŹ⣬Ե׵رûá
ˣŵݺ飬ĬմûȥĸװɣȥĸǱ߰ɡ
ǣĬˡ
Ȼ̬ҲѾԣĬ뵽ĬȻҲֵУ뿪
Ĭ뿪ıϾͿȥˣرǶĬͶ˲ٵΣȻôˡ
ʲôѽòһˣŵҲٲҪС
ˣ죬¾͵飡
һ࣬ȻǲҪǶ˵ʲôģб


455 ع飬ȥ2
Ĭİҹ˴´߳İҹоĳĬԼĸҲûеôãĸ׶Ĭкܴķƺ͵Ĭ̫㣬֮ᷢʲôһ
ĬŨŨϧסĬԴƣԼĵ¶ȴݹȥ
ĬĬԣȻѾ㹻
ĬһⱲӻʲôԲģһĵˣסİҹ֣΢΢ҹҴȥĸףĸһǳˣĬ˵Լĸ׵ʱһ˫۾ǻᷢһϴμĸ׵ʵ֮ĬжҪ˵жˡ
⻰İҹȻţҶѵ߳ƵŮˣеŮ񣬳⽭ֱڻвٹҶѵĴԹ£һ׿Ůˣôܻ᲻أ
֪İҹϿʲô鶼ûУȻסĬȴץסĵ׵Ĩġ
ĳҶѶĬ˵һҪˣԼĸסΪĬ⣬İҹӻע⣬ϣԼҶǰһӡ
Ĭ΢΢㣬ҹڽţİɣĸ׺ܺദϲġ
İҹ΢΢ͷڣһŮˣȻҶѿԼ⣬ȻһˣʵˣҪҶһӽܿ¾Ͳôˡ
á
ҶסĺԺһֱһɵ㣬ô˲ȫƽƺʲô룬ֻҪվһܡ
ŵǱ̴䡣
Ĭһùãһˣĸأ
̴䶢Ĭףǿ˺һʱܹȷĬĬˣ
ǰһĬүĬүˣС㻹ڷϢȥ֪ͨСǣүˣ
˵̴һǸղű̴ĬĶԻҶѵȻҲһȴǺ߹˭ˣôĬһ̫ˣѾһˣҲ⺢ӵѶҲ֪úòá
˭˵Ҷ飬ҲΪǲϵ˰ˣԼӵ飬ҶѾûһĵطһҶƺȫ˶Լ磬ȻĬֲˡ
ͦѹҶѺĬһᣬԼǺܲТ뿪֮ûĸױƽĸ׵ġ
ĸףĬһˣԲˡ
ҶѵĿҲת˹ĬϤףһᣬĬĻˣ
Ĭǰһסĸ׵ļ򣬾һһͶĸ׵ĻůһֺҸĸоȻĸףңĬ
Ͷ֣ҶذĬļĸ֮ҲǼá
ĬҶ˶ֻԼˣһεҲѵãĬ˿ڲжĸ׵ƺӽرסԼĸҲһܲ顣

ҶѰؿԼӣĬȥһΣǳ˺ܶ࣬ü͸һĨӢƵǣҶѲһ̾⺢ӺԽԽˣвһĨ
ĬҶѽܣĸ׸ղŹ˵Ǻܣİҹ
˵䣬ҶҲĿ⿴İҹü΢İҹظһ߶Է֣ǷգҲһкӣİҵ˰ɣİ
İҹû뵽ҶѾȻһ۾ϳԼݣһϣĸãİҹҲ˵İ
ҶһĨ⣬İҹԼݣ̹ģԾ͸һֺøУ
ĸף㾹Ȼһ۾Ϳҹˣ
ɵҶѲ΢΢ҡͷԼɵӣҲ֤Ĭʵ֪İҹݣİĬҲǲԺİҳĬҲ̫ڵǱߵˡ
˭Ҳ뵽ڵһ۵ʱ䣬ҶڿİҹʱͿʼҪôİҹĬˣԺҲܱĬİΣ
İҹעҶѵĿ⣬ҲܴϲµһЩԺвǸصĶҶңûв´ĻҶѾҶҵˡ
ҶҴС㣡
ҶѶǵжûԼݣҪˣҶңҶҵȷһ壬Ҷ¶ˣҲԵüΪ͵


456 ع飬ȥ3
ĬͻȻĸӣǵһμ治ҪܣѾô˽ԷˡεһЦĸףҹҶøǽˡ
İҹһɵŮˣҲΡ
ĬĲܣԼ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣һ飬黹Լ˵ȽϺðɣĸ׵ģӦöİҹǺģҲ˺ܶҪĵĵطǺԼĸ̹黹ǽԼȽϺãᶨҶѿڡ
ĸףҺҹһһҪĬ΢΢սģ˵вǾǼٵģһں˵ĸףлҪ˵
Ҷ΢΢ͷĿĬʲô£֣µģ
Ҷѹ⣬ĬŵҲô˲һƽĸ׻֧ģ
΢΢ĸףҴҹҪ㿴ҺһˣǸӣϲҪһһһ𣡡
ڰҪ˵Ļͳͳ˵ڣƺҲôѵӣĬлȻʣ΢΢ѿһõЦݡתͷİҹ΢΢ɣⲻǰʲô˵ˡ
İҹһĬӣܶ໰Ƿ˵ӺãС˵Ҷѵ̻¶Լ⣬ȷǺİҹж
סĬĸ첲⿴ҶѣĬˣٲԼ̬Ⱦ˵ȥˡ
ĸҺĬమ벮ĸȫİҹҪԼһػĬܷκ飬ߣ벻İҹ棬ȫĻ
İҹ̬ȣҶҲǷ˲٣ĬİҹˣƺҪϿһ㲻ͬĵطİҹҲģվԭҶѴģõκ顣
Ҫ˵Ĭ²ҶĵˣҶԼû뵽ĬȻһôõ˻⻹ӦйһŻĸ￴ŮԽԽϲҶѾ顣
۵ײһĨŨŨЦ⣬΢΢ͷˣҪԶһ𡣡
Ĭİҹ˼ͬʱ֣صصͷһô飬ж쳣ţԷԼ϶Ǹˣ˭ܰǸֿ
ȷ
ı鷴Ҷ⣬жѾЦ˻ڿİҹʱҶо˲ܹΪĬ˾͸Ӻˣڶ飬İҹľĬѡ
иˣҶԽһ㶼ûбֳһ侲ģĬȷĸеһʲô˼
ĸףҺҹమ϶ҲϣҸɡĬ΢΢üİҹ֮ǰȫ˶һǻǻᶨеľ
ȻԼںˣе׻ϣõǵҸĬԣҶѾǸںˣòҶѵĿ϶Լİҹߵһлǻһʲô
İҹԼС˵뷨΢΢ΪĬҲᾡԼŬҶ
ĸҿ㱣֤ҶĬһƬģҲһᡣĬںòĿ϶ⱲҲˡ
Ȼİҹ˽Ĭ˼ˡ
ĸףҡ
һģҶȴǲЦ˳һǰɻԧĻŮˣѵĸײϣԼĺҸ
˵Ҳͬһ𣡡
Ҷ⻰һĬİҹסˣѵ˵ʵǻǿһҶѸûҪֹһ˼
ĸǸ˼ͬҺĬһ𣡡İҹǾϲϲ̫ͻȻİҹһӶסˣȫӦĽࡣ
Ĭһ֪ͣĸһͬġһȷϵĸף˵𣡡
ĬЩɵˣҶ΢΢ҡͷȻģܹҸҪĽˡĸľֻϣԼĶŮúãֻҪҲкݺݵһˡ
Ĭ΢΢лĸ׳ȫתͷİҹɻ⣬һӣĬصһ¶Էļ򣬡ɵҹûУĸͬһˣ
İҹǻع鼤ѣصصͷȻȻˣлĸлĸ
Ѿ׼ýܺܶĿ飬벻龹Ȼչ˳İҹЩӦˡǼ


457 ¶֮գ1
ǿİҹ飬ҶҲȷкϲĬһ˻ƭˣ۾˵ѣİҹĬĸǴ۾￴ĳ
鲻ʱӦ׼һ»ˣһŸǱˡҶѹĻ棬һɽˣʱȴҲᡣ
ĬûоԼĸ״˵ʲô⣬İҹȴһˣԼĬһôܻӣǿˣѵҪñŮˡǶİҹ˵ĬԼܲŮˡ
֮ɻİҹֱ˵ˣҪôһӣеˡ
طǻҶѲİҹ⻰ʲô˼ѵ׼ˣ
ҹǲϲ𣡡
ĻҶȴҪ¿һ˶Ĭˡ
˰Ľᾧ֮󣬺ܶȻȻķȻҲӦ˶ˡ
ĬһͣԼǺ֪طӦֱİҹ֪ԼʵǸŮݣȻʶһûа취ӵģ
ɺݺݵҡͷĸףҹ˼ĸлҪҹ˵һ£ȳȥһ£֮㣡
ĬϲһĨţʱҶѺúõ˵˶ֱİҹĸ첲ߡ
İҹĬôסûзӦߵ滨԰Ľ䡣
Ĭ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôİҹĬѾôϤǿĬı飬һҲѵҪңʵ㻹һϲŮӣңǸ˭
İҹлһĨɱϲһˣǿƲסҪȥռжԷֻԼһ˵ģ˽ڰУֻ໥ϲˣҲв͡
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣò̾İҹ־˵ⶼ뵽ȥˡ
һİҹʱ򵽵׻м飬ôõ飬Ӧ˵ˡ
ȻĬϵȴǿ϶İҹеĲ²⣬۵𻯲İâӿԷĬ᲻ö֣ȻİҹҪˡ
ĬҸ㣬ⱲӶİҹˣŮһҲ㿴˭ҾͰŮ˸ɱˣ
İҹ⻰ģȫûһ㿪ЦģֻҪĬ˵һ˵֣İҹĻֱ˽˶Է
ҹ㶼뵽ȥˣֻ㣬ûŮˣĬһ̾İҹɵ⣬Ҫ˵ʲôûŮˣ㲻ҪƭңҲɵӣ
ţûŮˣĬģţҸ㷢ģϣĬ췢ģҡĬǸָ췢ĵģĬûϲκŮˣΥԣҡ
ˣǣİҹ᲻Ĭģ֪ԲûжٵŷҲΪΥԼԶӦ˶ĵݣô˲䣬İҹȴǲã
Ĭ΢֪ģ
ҹ᲻ң
İҹݺݵصһЦһõĬ࣬㵽˵ʲôֱ˵ҪгİҹҲֻĬʱ㹻ĺ
˵£ĬǿƲסЩ飬͵͵һİҹüģֱ˵û⣬ҹܴܲӦңȻ᲻ʲô飬ҪҲǹҪġ
ֻҪ㲻ҪһҶԲ㣬˵ɡ
İҹһĬԥԥģİҹиӷĲݺݵšüģһ˲˲ضĬ۾˵϶ǼٵģİҹԼıġ
ãĲˣĬصһ˵ҹʵһֱûи㣬ǸŮģ
˵Ĭס˺Ա˫ۣȴİҹжϡ
룬İҹʵϲˣҲŹˣ˭Ĭǿİҹˡ¶˾ģĬʱµҲ˲٣Ѿˣ˾ǰ˴ӱǡ
һ룬ĬеҲǵ˺ܶ࣬۶İҹѾȫסı飬ܺÿ˾Ȼɵ㶵ģĬɾǱȵ㣬ü΢Ҳ㵽˵ʲôûУҺģ
İҹԺлһصĬղһ䡰ǸŮġͺһһͻȻԼԺˢһ±ˣһ㣬İҹӶЩĬѵ˵ǡ
ˣ˵ǸŮˣİҹϿʲôı飬ֻʶش˸ղĬ⣬
Ĭ΢΢üأӦ
һκúõشһİҹı飬Ҳ̫˰ɡ


458 ¶֮գ2
İҹһỹûܴӸղĬлع˵Ŀ䵽ĬϣҲǳɹĬһʲô飬Ĭ㲻ҪЦˣ֪ܺϲӣҲƭһŮˡûϵԺǿһӣһ
İҹҪ˵ֵʱĬʱ˵˵ǣȥǼҲǶҪǺӣ涼ÿֲ
ϲӣ
ƺĬʵЩ̫ңԶˣϲϲӣ⻹Ĭһô˼һ⣬뵽ڵģ˵ƢĬͲɸо񺮣ϲӣ
Ĭﻰ
ˣˣҪ˵ȥˣİҹˣ˵һ飬ԺҶ˵ˣϲ㣬ǸŮӣʵŮӣԺǰ˵ʲôӵ飬ﲻϲӣ
ĬҲҪˣǺģǵİҹ߾ȻΪ˺Ӳ˵ĻϣԼһˣҲ˺ܶ鷳
Ĭģǿʲô˵ѵĺۼİҹҲ㶣ѵżһŮӣϸһǰСˣǿĬκŮӵģ
˵Ķģ
棡ĬЩͷˣ֪İҹ飬Ͳ˵ˡץһԼͷһǰסİҹ죬İҹãĬǸŮˣ֮ǰǹ㣬СҶǱкģûԼʲô𡣡
˵Щʲô˼ĬݺݵҡͷԣҲҪ˵ЩҪ㣬ҲǹģǸղĸԼҪˡ
ԼԱˣƳĬ֮Ҳûʲôˡ
İҹ۵׻һĨŨŨϲڱȴǲ¶ֺֻǾĬ˵ĬһֱŮװ
İҹֿ϶ĬĻţ˵ľʵصͷǣһֱŮװ˵ôܣлȻʣİҹܽΣʵԼ
˵֮ĬãͺѹͷһʯͷҲڱɹˣ΢΢ŵٹ⡣
ʲô޷ıԼ
ߣİҹ֪ϲˣڲˣܱǸĬ΢΢üİҹϬ֮£ǰһסİҹĲӣ΢΢ż⣬İҹصһǡ
ûУܲܽңĬǿˣӲģ
Ĭഺζ
İҹһͣⶢĬЦݣ΢΢һĨÿĻȣ˵ĻȴҪĬֳ
Ǿˣֻб˴ˣݲκˣ


459 ֻϲ
ǻİҹЦˣĬҪƿǰһػرסǰСˣĬֱܵĸоΣյϢҪƿİҹȴڶԷĿ⹥½ڽڰˡ
İҹҹлú˵ȷſң
Ĭ첻µزµģİҹʱлǿƲסؿʼģ˵Ҫʲô
֪ˣ
İҹ΢ѾˣعסĬ°ͣǿȶԷԼ۾Ĭ㻹Ǻõúܣ
ٺ٣ⲻҲǹģҹ㲻Ҫ嶯ңĬʼˣİҹ̬ȣҲ˵׼˵ʲô㣬һĽܲˣҳԿһ㣬ԺŮװͰҵ˺ˣ
˵ĬİҹϲˣĬһˣİҹŻϲ
˵Ҫİҹˣ޲ðСŮ˺ݺݵشһ٣İҹ֪Լ˶ǽȻϲ˵ʵĬȴܹԼʵǸŮˡ
Ҳˣٿ֤ȡûʲô⣬ĬǸŮ˵ȻٺòˣȻôܻԼֻǵϲ˲ϲ
ĬˣİҹסĬļⰵ棬İҹĬﻹ˵ʲôģͷźõģ˵˵Ҷأ
ʱ򻹲Ժúⲻǰ
Ĭı飬İҹҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ĭֻİҹڶ𣬡ĬЩҲֻ˵һ飬ҲϲˣҲϲŮˣֻϲ㣬ԲŮҲãҲգҶſ֣
˵Ĭֱİҹס޷֮ô˲䣬ĬҲûҪһӶһǳֵ顣
ϲˣҲϲŮˣֻϲԼ
ֱıˣԭİҹ˵ĻֻϲһˣܶԷʲôԱϲ˾򵥣ﻹܹܵʲô
ĬижѣеĵĶİҹ֮¾ʧԭĵȫڡ
⻹ʲôԼϲҲϲԼҪҸأ
Ĭʱ򣬶ԼǱҸΧͺһɵһʲôʲôֻҪرסԷͺá
Ŷҹ̫ˣҲϲ㣬ϲһˣ˻ŮˣҾϲһҪһ𣡡
Ĭ˵޲ҪȫⱲӾ϶ǰˣ
ǧ𲻻
İҹĬĴף΢΢ֵֹܾģһ̾еĳ֮ƺǿ԰˸û
İɣǸˣһ㲻õģ
Ĭһ죬ܴһ˱Ůˣʲôǲܵģⲻǰпܻᷢ˵һ顣
ţ֪֪
ҶѾվڲԶ֮Ļͱף΢΢пһлһĨ˵˼
̴ҲǿĬ֣ĬĸȻҲһСͲ׵ССҵԼҸ֮ԲҶĸҪ١
С㣬ССҵҸˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷᣬǰĬˣİҹǸֵˡ
ò˵Ҷ⻰Կ˵Ƕİҹһܸˡ
벻ԭĬ֮ǰûи߳ҹ⺢ԼŮݣǶĬĲ¡ҶжһĨڴ͵ĽЩίĬ⺢ˡ
˼ҵŮӶСʼǴƯ·ǹµĴС㣬ĬȴһӳʼͳԭӦܵһСһжҶѵС
Ҫ˵Ҷ뷨˾ԻǱ̴䣬в̣˵ôȥˣӦҲỹĿĬСԻָԼˡ
Ǳ̴䶼ҪΪĬˣһŮӣȴӲҪЩΡ
ҶҲѾ϶˱̴⻰˵ĶԣЩҲӦĬˡҶѻûаҪĬһ֮Ĭеȥ


460 Ůװԭ1
鷿ĵģƺһصԵޱȡ
ҶѰĬİҹһ˹࣬ԾҪ
Ĭİҹ˶һۣһĬܲգʵĸףҪ˵ʲô
ҶѰؿĬһ̾Ĭͳҹһ𣬳ҹҲˣ춼ЩӦøˡĬ֮ǰҾ͸߹㣬ף
ҪһУҶѹ뵽Щ飬ͺ뵽ʲôֲ飬˫΢΢ԻһĨš
ĬҶģףʱҶҲû˵ĺĬĸ׻ԼȻʱĸײԸ˵Ҳǿ
ĸףʵ鶼Ѿȥô꣬Ĳҵ˭ҴСңҵĵĸԶĬ
Ĭ⻰˵ҲѾˣȫԼ׵˭
֮ǰĬлһЩĳɷڣ֪ĸ֮Ĺ֮ĬԼײûжٺøСĬھǵʱʵҲдҶϢ˾ͺƾʧһû֪һ˵Ĵڡ
ἰҶֵ˲ĬĸףĬỳҶǲϴڹ
򵥵ĵ֮ĬԽҪ֪Լ׵Ϣˡ
Ĭ˵⻰Ҷ΢΢ȣĬѵһ㶼Լݣ˵ĸһصĴӢۣԸκҪһУô꣬˵ҶвԹҶǾǲܵġ
Ů˵ô꣬лǱһ˿ϣҶǰһŮҪ׶మһˣŻԸδУΪºӡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷûʲôģĸӣͲô궼֣˭Ĭ⡣
Ҷһ֪ͣԭǴκĬἰҶ֮ĬоȻҶôᡣ
ǣǲҪĸӣ
˶ҶҶж⣬ĬҶӣҶΪˡ
ĬлһĨŨŨĳ˲ĸףôܻȥô궼Ӱ˾ǲҪˡ
ĬеĳҶһʹġ
ݺݵһ˫ȥеʹ࣬ǵش𣬡ģ㸸ֻΪ˱ǣвѵĿԣЩ֪ĴڣǲŹģ
˵ѹԼĵ׶ܣҶƾһֻ֮ĬʵԱ𣬾Щ˶һɹƭˡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ûзӦҶ⻰ʲô˼ĸף㵽ʲô
Ҷʹı飬Ǳ̴䶼ЩĲˣ̴Ҳ֪һ
Ĭү黹˵ɣʵһǿǿˣ½һţƾһ֮ԿҶص壬Сһ⣬׼ؼ׼˵Ļ¡
첻ԸûеȵҶСѾϳѾĬү㡣С֪㸸ףļĺһ쳣̵ֶΣرкӡ
Ůһͻᱻأ֮첻ܺ罻Ⱥһܹ֮ͻѡгΪʥŮ㸸׺С㶼Ը⿴飬Բ˲ϵΪ˱㣡
ĬݺݵؾŵˣյĽȻģø׺ĸײһ׾ȻԼ
ĸףĸ𣡡
ĬܽĽΪ΢΢
Ҷ΢΢ͷҲΪʲôһŮװԭЩ˲ûķŹң׷鵽ңΪ֪ûа취ֻܸʵǸкӣǾͲ㶯֣ȻңĲ֪ҡ
Ҷ鼤ǰǳ˵ĳֱƲסز
ĸף㲻Ҫ£Ҿһжȥˣȥˣ
ĬףΪôĸһҪԼŮװԭ򣬶عֱԼ˺ˡв׵ļŨŨĵֿԹޣ
ǲ̵Ĺ涨ĸ׺͸ô궼


461 Ůװԭ2
ڿĬһжúõģҲҶѺҶĿοһûгΪĸ֮ǰԶ׸ĸԼİжôΰȫѾԽ˶Լ
ĬرסԼĸף᲻ۿ˳һһţĸףԲҶǲ֪һжȥˣѾˣǲǸ壬ҴȥҸף
ĳԼĸѻģһ˼ԼĸסѾˣǸ̵ļѵܶԼֲɣĬѾ¶˾ġ
İҹȻվĬߣĬ˭ҪʲôİҹԶ֧Ĭľ
㣡
ȥҶһֱûкҶϵ֪˹úòã⻰вһĨƵ⡣Ҳ֪뵽ʲô˲еĹâ°ͺصĴһ
صҡͷУǲô̫ΣˣҲȥ
һ仰ҶĹǣҶĻĴڣô궼ûг֣ҶҲѧ˽ǡҶǶôˣ߾ԲȱŮˣԼҲѾΪҷˣǵǲܵˡ
ĬΪĸʹĸףҲãң͸Ҳ÷ֿ
ɵӣôܹ㣬ΪĴڣЩһŻʲô塣Ҷ΢΢жȫ˵ڣһɣǳ졣
İҹһֱעҶѵĻǰ½ĵһţ̬ļ涨İҹ뵽ôһڡ
Ҷң
ʵʱڵ壬Ĵ壬һҾҶңҶҲΪǿ壬һȲһҶҪǾһǿļ壬ȴԼصķʽ˵ǰ罻һ걻˶ˡ
˵ĬҶҼҶŮ
ҶÿһѡһʥŮһʥӣ֮˾ҶʵĴڣʥŮʥӵѡҲǼΪǵһ̵ֲĴڡ
ĸ˵֪Ҷ˭㻹ҪȥҶĻӦÿ԰æİҹΪĬ飬Ը֣Ǳˣİҹù⵵顣
Ҷң˵İҹҲҪȥǵĴڣʵ̫ǿˡ
Ĭһû뵽İҹȻ֪Ҷ
ҹ֪Ҷ𣡡
İҹ΢΢ͷҶңһǳǿļ壬ҶѾܶ겻罻ԲŻᱻҸСʱб״ȥҶңһܼǵҶҵİҹҲֻ֪ôˡ
ҶҪȥҶһ棬ǲңǵĺӶѾôˣȻҶ᲻Ĭأ
һǲȥˣҶֲ̫ˣĬҲҪȥҶң
͵ΪĬȫĬϳϼȻǱҶС˹ȥһɹӡĬڵϣӿƽضȹһ
ȻҶȴԽԽףƽĬҪĽ
ĬԼѡȨ
ãǲȥˣҲϡ
ȻĬô˵ĵ׿ɾͲˣԺлһҪȥҶңĬҲҪȥҶҵжܰĸױȳģôȥлǻƲסĽź͵ġ
ҲҪȥҶѵΪԼİοԾͿֱ׳زĸףĬǲŵġ
һˣôܹóõĲϵԷĬԼֹİҹ˼һ𣬲˭Э
ĬӦңԺҪĸףĸں㡣Ҷһۣ˸ˮѾ˵ˮĿ⿴İҹ֣أҽЩǣϣΪȥֻһ
ֻһĸףһԼӵĸװˡ
Ҷһ˵İҹ֪İҵĺӣİĬƽʱҲһЩԵĵطҲĸ׵ûн̺ã㣬¡
ĬһۣĸԼԶǸŮˣҪκίȫӲ˵飬ǽĸΪԼȻİҹ˵飬
ĸף
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷĬĻĬ㲻Ҫң˵ꡣĬֻñͣźҶѵĻŮлһĨЦݡ
ҹղҲ֪Ĭʵݣ⺢ӴСͱҵкˣĬϻҶҵѪһ죬ĬҶҵ˷֣һҪĬһȫ
İҹ֣صصͷ⻰ҶѲ˵ҲƴԼĬİȫ
ĸģֻҪİҹһ죬ҾͲκ۸Ĭȥ


462 Ӣ£֮Σ1
ҶסĺԺƽ˶ȥҪȥҪͨҶѵͬ⣬룬жγһʶ뷨ûΣ飬ǾԲҶѵ㡣
ҪĬ֪ĬڷסĺԺҲֻ۰Ͱ͵ĵԺ档
ܿܿߣһʱѾҪΣһӶѾ׼֮ܿܿĻˡ˵ĻҲֻܱ
ǰ˵ˣģ
һǰܿܿۼ֤Ĭɱ䣬ֱڶûа취ǵպĬ˧ķǾ˵֮ҵĵӣһǰĬһĴڡ
һǰһ§סܿܿϸ϶ĵͷԣˣǲõˣȵ֮󣬾ĬֻôҲഩ㣬ô
ҪֵһˣܿܿʱȴȫһһϵͳǿκһŮΪ֮Ķ
ȵưסŮ˱С֣ΪԷȡůģҪжľˡ
ܿܿ΢΢죬ѾһôˣӵʱǻƲסһۣ޽ߡ
֪ЩڻǼΣҪǵںͺáдҲСңȻҲҸ
ŮʶģԽзŲ£Ůˣ϶ҪַˡǶѾõĻڵʲôʱԾٰ񶼲ȷܸ˾͹ˡ
ܿܿȴᣬԼжӣܷʲô飬Ů˶վĺ棬֧ľ
˵һӣһԼˣӣ
ܿܿҶԲ㣬ңܿܿԽ˵Խġ
ˣɵϣҲ㣬ȥ˭أܿܿһ϶˵ʱ򣬾ԶıˣһÿԺ߳Ĭİҹˣⲻˣ

ܿܿǰһĬк
Ĭղſûд֮ܿܿĻɷҲһǰʱ˾Ѿһˡڲ⣬ǶӦó˰ɡ
ܿܿӣ鲻
Ĭ뿪ЦģӲʲôܿܿϷ̣ȫҶĬϷʵ⣬Զ㵽ӵĺ棬
ĬЦͶһʱɣҺܿܿĻҪ֣֮ǰĬ˵ȵ˳׵ʱһҪˣڿɲ
ķģҿ϶ߣһһʱ䣬ôҲҪⱭϲ˵Ĭشˬ죬϶ֵܣôܴԷҪʱ䡣
İҹһӺܿܿˣȷǺܰ䡣
ĬͻȻ뵽ʲôһӵʱûʲôù˼ɵˣʵӣǷʲôˣųͦˣΪΣ
֮ǰ֧ĬλҪĬЩĬĬУҵȨµİȫгԼˣЩĬĲµĴڣ
ӵȵԺ棬ҪĬ˵飬ڿĬȻòˡ
ĬվҪ˵顣ӲɺݺݵšüģȻǺģǲ̫ƽҲˣ˶ˣЪҵŲҶճء
˵ЩĬУﵣĵ顣
šüģô£
黹˵Ҳ֪ŵˣ뿪İ࣬ͻȻһˣ֮иƻˣ˫γɳͻǴ˶Է
ȴǲ룬ԷȻŵĴӣŴӴ˾ͺǽͷһЩǰտ಻ԣֱڰ춼ôҳţŵ˹
Ĭ벻Ȼ
Ҳ˵ǳڵΪŵţĬһݣȻжҲŨŨųС
ԣŵƣҵȻҲʾŵ˶ԾҲǺܺá
һ̾˵ʱĬھͺˣҲΣҪŵ˿ǵ
ĬдѾŪڵ
˵Ҳû˭֮ܺ˽ԽҴŽգҲΪ˵ŵĹǱ֤ԼİȫôЩ޹İӦӦԡ
֣صصͷȻҲԸʵʵˣûʲôò˵ġ
ԣóޣǾȫҲ˫ȭѵ֣һ취ûСһݣҲǺŵˣЩ˶Ƿӣ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾԼˡ


463 Ӣ£֮Σ2
ãˣŵ˽ңǰҲҪĬͬͬ⣡Ĭһŵ˻ǣеԭҲô롣
ܶԷжôǿ󣬱ˮڣĬûʲôõĵģӲ˵İҹԼߣ˵
΢ֻҪǸҾ޻أһɱһһ˫ɱһ˫
ɢһǿƣӾվĬߣָܾˣǵĬʲô벻
ܿܿƺҲǱĬȾˣԭǵĲѵƺҲûʲô˲ġĬĸȾţֻҪڣûʲôġ
ã˵ĶԣǾ޻أڳһк죬ȫûʲôҪĵġ
һʱ䣬ܿܿоõĬȫƶȫһˣøǿˡ
ҹδһɣĬղŴҶǱ֪Լǲˬⲻġ
Ĭðŭй˭ǸùģĬ֪㣬Լ³жô⡣
һܾĬ֮ŵҪˣԷ꣬鶼
λǡ֮ǰûмܿܿⲻ䵽İҹϣеһϾȻˣԭĬѾÿˡ
ڿİҹʱܿܿŷʵǣĬļҲŴҶѵĬĿһĨͣûԡ
İҹȫһֲͬĿվһɣֱͦİҹ͸һ֮ȴǱģƺԼȤ֮⣬췭ظ˶һü
ĬҲûʲôģ˵ܿܿӼȶӣҲԼˡ
İҹǽҹͺãҹһؼңܷʲô飬ҹǵģĬתͷİҹ΢΢üҹ˵˵ĶԲԣ
Ȼ
ƺĬʱеķ˪˲仯ΪĪУֻͳ磬ĿҪñĬûи鶼ˡ
ܿܿĬĬһĬİҹ˵ദģʽлһ뷨һûа취ܡ
ӵ˾ȫûо쵽Ĭİҹ֮䲻ͬѰĵط
ҹҲһæȻòˡصصͷǵȻǶһҲǺõģֻҪŵ˸㶨ͺá
ĬΣǶİҹΣҲˡ
ֻҪúõľͿԷˡ
ʵĬһˣҲȫҲԸ㶨ŵˣѾǵĬ
ˣԸţôǣ
СȤ飬ôǼǿװ͵ڴĿ⡣
ĬвһĨŨŨľϲǰ۵кӣϡԿϤüۣɹˣ
ǰĬҲûʲôҪĵطĿһ˲˲ضǰɰСк޲ǰݺݵؿһڣСһջؼҡ
֮ĬҲľôġ
ǰһһѱסǰСһãֱӾǺÿСصһǣۣôôɰԭģ
Ĭݺݵᱡһµĵϲһ죬ˣȻһСŮ˸ᱡˣ֮Էÿɰݴʷϡ
ƫƫĬһ취ûУ˭Ů˾϶ˣҲֻˡ
תȥĬƵĿ⣬СһﾹȻĬĿΧ£һһƬֱһ׮漣ˣ
ſҰѵûбɫŮֻԼ˵ҪĬˣоȻһĪϲĸоʲô
ʵĬԸſİҹҲҪˣݺݵصĵһ۰Ĭעߵĵ˵ĿͺҪһ
һ飬˭˭ˣ𣬲Լ̫ÿԲǱĬˣѵͷÿһִˣ
⻰ҲֻаˣǶİҹǱ⣬Ȼʲô˵˲˱ˡ


464 Ӣ£֮Σ3
İҹ˳ƴĬϰѵ˹֮һ㶼ͰѵһߣҪǵӦ죬һᶼǱİҹˣ
ǹ˽˾ǼĬãݲԼ
Ѿ뿪ĬôˣǱһ£ŶȻǱһڣԼû˵أ˵Ҫʲô
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ԼȻˣİҹ⣬ΪİҹȻڳԵĴףҹһӣԣһӶ㲻ϣĬУһֱֻӲؾ汻Լ˳ִĻᷢĵ
ҲҺõ֪ĬﵽʲôȻĻֱӿ޳ģôҲ񰡣ٲҲһֻʵȺǾȻԼ˵һֱ
ֱ̫ûˣ
İҹش𣬺ôҲһֻģǹľͲܶܣҪ˵İҹⷽ滹ǺܼƽϵģǲԼ˿ĬӲ˵ǱĬһˡ
ҪǿСһʵķϣİҹҪһưˡ
ҲУԺǻиӿɰĺӣİҹŤĻش𣬲֪ΪԼ⻰ںаԼݺݵؿһѡ
ϲӣİҹףǺĴڣǿžֻ˸Ʒ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣİҹǵı˲֪ǵĹϵ⻰˵ôˡһ뵽ǵĺӣоȻҲһĨŨŨڴİҹĺӣһܿɰİɡ
첻µزµĬȻʱˣݺݵصһİҹ֮͵ʲôûзӡ
תעĿ䵽ϣһĹģǱԼ˸˵ĵ㣬ֱӾͱůˣ˸ղűİҹ۸˵顣
Ҫ˵ԼҲΰ˭򲻹İҹأ
ѾɹγˣܸоԼʵѾ˲ֻһΣȴǺεķ֣İҹ˵ʱȻһ㷴ûС
ʱ򣬵жҪ֪İҹ󵽵ʲôϵƽ˾Բʵʵ֮еľҲǸӸˣڶİҹĿ⣬ﾹȻƵز
ʲôʵˣ
֮ǰûкĬһ𣬾ΪоͻƵϣСһȻΪ˵ͻƲֻʱ뿪Ĭߣҵһĵطȴͻơ
»صĬߣȻҲ˵˵Ѿɹͻˡ
һ죬ͨͻƣҲǻһֹȥĻ䣬벻Լ񣬶ˡ
һֻСĴָͿɽһŰɣǲǿ󣬲Żָ֮ǰʮ֮һEûʲôˣ
һϣûκοŵ˼Ĭǰѧǫ˲٣⻰ѾǰԱߵ˸ŵòǳ
رӺܿܿˣǲ֮ǰĬڹ⻰ǱȵˡҪ֪һţһҶĵȫ벻ʲô취ǰǾŲҵСкȻڳԣҪһָͷһŸˣⲻڿЦ
ĬǺݺݵس˳飬СһҲﻹˣⲻҪѱ˸ŵˡ
Ҳ˵ʱͿıˣ
ĬתͷǣǲҪ˵СӾǻᴵţ
ɺݺݵƲƲ촽˵ˡ
˵ģһССţַӸ㶨Է
ȻԸʵǸղŵֳģ治˵ѵӡ
Ǽˣ
ȻһӵĻһӾȻԸ㶨һţ
ҾȻˣӺݺݵس˳ǣʶһ۵
һ۹ˡ
Сӣ۹أһӵļôһС㣬֪ôȻĵӵļ
Сǹ˹˵ţôһӡ
˵ţһôӡһǰǲǾȺĹǲŸ顣
СôһѣĬǷӦҲôһ飬ԷɲǿȺԼ
ǣˣĬһʱԼƺѾ¶ݣŵ˻飬˵ǳġ
׮飬˶Ŀⶼ䵽Ĭϡ
ĬʲôŵûΪɣ


465 䣨1
ĬһЩˣҪΪԼе鷳ˡ
Ұ˸ʰˣϧȴǱԷӹһ٣ŵ˻ǣҵԭ򡣡ĬһóλᣬһɰȥʡԺ鷳
Ĭ⻰΢΢һȻĬڿȥʵǺǿ޵ȴǲò衣
ĬʱһҲǾһĥѣ
ˣĲõģһжѾȥˡĬһóλᣬ³ɺһˣװξͿˣ
СصصͷĬ˼ɾŵ˿Ǻв֮һȺҪĬǻ֪ôأ
ãξͽˣ
СмɫͫƵĹâԾԾԵĹâ
¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ŵҵҪȥǣ
ǲ֪Ҳÿζվŵ˹ս˫ȭҲαңǾȻûУԷĸݵض֪
յı飬ĬЩ˼ˣһ¶Էļ򣬡ˣҲö룬Ǿžͺãòҹ
ĬлһĨ壬Ҫ˺ԼѼˣһ֮ô˵飬ǲҲҪѲƤ
ĬĻع飬Ǹ¶ǴһԭήҲ˲ڿĬʱ˯
ѵյգдŵ¶Ǽһ𣬻ΪʱŵɧţҴ˲ʧҪһϵĴ
ΪҼӦҲǺͷĿŵµˣѡ
ӦŵĹʲôߣ
˵⻰֮󣬳һΣû˸վϲ㶼벻İ취Ӳ˵ˡ
Ĭһ̨ﻹһֻͨѩ׵Сޣ֪˻ΪĬϵС޶Ȼ˳룬ǱСǿɰıƭˣСһצӶȫɱһʿ߽׵˲š
΢΢ô죬˼ҶѾˣҪ˾Ҫȥ
ĬƵ˵ûаŵЩ˷УϸָظŻСޣϢ˲ɸоԷˡ
Ҳ֪˭Ⱥһⲻˣˣ
˵һĻǶһɲĬ˲һ

һʱĬ˷ͳһƺ죬İҹҪЩ˵ȵˡĬĺܵģ
ƺǿİҹе뷨л֮ǰİҹԼĬﱧȥ飬һһ˾Ще飬Ҫӽˣõ˵Ŀ϶Զأ
ֻҪĬϿҾͿԣ˵ôʲô
İҹҲһϲĿĮ֮̆ҲûŲĿ⣬ֻжԷһˡ
˲ܣ˷ףʱƾĬкøУĬѡȻİҹˡⲻǱ۾Ӷ֪飬ƫƫС껹Ҳɡ
ڵİҹ˵һʱ䣬ĬѾߵ˸̨˫ʾ⣬ôҰǸߣͺһ˲
ˣҾһĬ˵⻰᳡˲䰲ѵصģ˲ţһжҪ鹦Ĭħ
Ŀ⸴ӣžվԼߵĶӣȻףĬԼӣȴѾӣĬĶӣ۵׻һĨ
ΪһףڿԼӵʱĽ˭ôˣӵлһһ˫Ķӣ
е˶ǰĬǻؿڣ˶ؾһ֮˵Ǹһһ뿪ңûΪ·ǽѣҵʧ𡣡
ж֪ĬΪѧΪ˰ҴӺõĵطôܻĬ
ڶĬĵǸи飬ûãŻĬʧˣȻȫ
һвмۿǺˣĬʱĬе

ֻҪֻҪ¶һּ


466 䣨2
ǲãôܻΪػң࣬
Ҳ֪˭Ⱥ⻰֮˶ǸŴ
࣬
࣬
࣬
ĬҲǲɱϵոж𾪵ˣһᣬжԼĲˣЩҵӵܡĬΪԼҲûʲôرҪ飬ܶʱ䣬ң벻ڴоȻǿٻ
ζս˫ȭݺݵ˾񣬸˵ãһӭսţǣҵΣ
ǣ䣡
ǣ䣡
ǣ䣡
һֻĬĬ˵ЧʿǱҼҪöˣղѾ̨˵˺һʱ䣬ǳȻûӦĺ٣ȻĬǸոϳܿ˵˾
͹һ㣬Բʲô˶ֱġ
̨ϼȵкӣаٸн΢΢һĨ϶֮ǰлԥǲӦðҽĬУϾĬԼӣǴѪԵĹϵϣĬǺһϵûС
Ȼ첻ҪҽĬϣĬ֮⣬ҪԭʱûаĬ˹Ѿ϶ӣȻҲǰĬδļ̳ģһз˸ı䡣
ʱǷĬȻһķһ겻ܽһϣһҪվһҿǡ
Сӣ˵ĳȷֲвźҪ˵ʣҲǲǿؽУسǾûʲô⡣
֮飬һǰĬڼдŹʣ˶λ𾪣ԼʵжˣĬһ
ʱҲѾʼҽе˼ϾǴϿǣĬȻǸʤһ
һȴвòǵ飬Ĭ˱ĬùĬжжٸ顣첻Ҵĵ顣
ȴǿԿ϶ˣܷ˶飬ĬȻǿų֮ģֹؼʱ򣬻ǻ޷˵վάҡǳһ㣬ڿ԰ҰĽĬС
ⷽ棬Ҫ˵̫ˣĬԼ˵ѵʱ˵վæȴٽһˡ
ĬѾ̶һϵдʩȥ⻹ĬİҹǼһʹİ취Ҫһʧ͵ŵ޻ء
ˣҶҸղŵĻڿ𣡡ĬĿˣȷҶûʲôɻ⣬һãȻҶѾûʲô⣬ôȻᶼȥϵá
ĬеĲ𣬲ò˵һϣĬĺܺãһ㶼һӣһеߣе鶼ѾȫԼòϣԼҲĬô
ܺãĬ˵ĺܺãһʲô𣡡
ǰһԼжʾĬ֧֣첻Ĭ˵ʲôʲô˵֧֣
̨³˰ǰһǳ˾Ƶƺȼһ㣬ãҪЧвŨŨĿ϶ãȻҶûʲô⣬ȵ°ɣǾľͺá
⻰ڱϾһⶼûУϸãѾȨĬϣԺҾĬˡ
ȻףǰѾвûľҪҽϣټĬһֲڼӲ˵Ǻͼ飬һȻӻĻϲ
һж֤е鶼ҪʵΪȣھʵǰκε鶼ԿȻĬʵֻĬܴԻ͡
ȫ
Ĭ׼뿪ǱĬһ£лҪ˵
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣֣ص⣬һʱ֮һҲϵĸףĬҲ֪ԼǸʲôԶԷ
ǣ


467 ңȨ1
ĬһߵǰԺߣһĻҲĬϵĵܵܡ
óĬҼλܵܵĹϵǺܺãĬһ߿İҹȻǷ²µģֱӾǸȥܿǱӸ˻
Ӷİҹ⣬Լǲ֪ȻһӰİҹ˻ǶİҹϬ⣬Ӳɸо˫ȷ벻ˣĬô˳Ϊѡ
㲻ҪȥǣİɣĬʲô⣬ҪĬ
Ӷ֪Լôİҹǰ˵⻰
ҲҺİҹֻ˵ͷҲͬ⻰ǲĬЩ黹ҪĬԼȥԡ
İɣֲСӣŲԼ۸ˡ
֣صصͷĬʾԵΡ
Ĭĺ棬һɻҲҪ˵ʲô
һ˷ܣԴϴοĬʵ֮ĬͱеżһĬվԼԱߣﶼҪ˵ж༤ˡ
ؿĬһӶ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźã磬㣬λ׼ã
˵⻰Ҫݺݵ˦Լһƣ⻰ŻΪǰͲĬ뿪ңû˺ҵȨȻĲģ˶ԼĬĹϵܺãûҪĬ˼
ɺݺݵҡͷ磬Ҳ˼
ԽҪͣԽǽͲһǺϽѣƽʱŻǺ˵ĺӣԼżʱȫǱһһ
ı飬ĬһЦ˳ĺġ
ʵǻһǰĬԼܻܵʲôܿ϶ĵطЩᣬȻһ֮󣬺Ĭĸֹ۶Ѿһˡ
վĸԶߣҴûʲô˵ҵĺӣôռλãеһͳͳĬӦҪ顣
ˣˣҺҹȵҵ֮Ҳ뿪ʱ򡣡Ĭ΢˼һ£ԼλҾΪĸ׺ѣ֮İҹܸĸ׿
ҵΣĬѾ뿪ˡ
ĬȻôҪ뿪вһĨʧ䣬΢΢Դ磬ôôҪ뿪ˡǶ㣡
ȭȭȵ⣬ĬЩ˼ˣԼ֪ʱԼܾܵȻô˲䣬ܾĻô˵ڣĬֻԼ˵ãҾһʱɡҲʿм˰ɣͷҸ㿴
Ĭܸܵĺ⣬кİԼɴ磬ôȻĬȻҲԸܵܡ
ĬɿڣһŵҪ书ԾԸָģֱҪи˷ˡ
ĿƵضĬ˵𣡸磬̫ˣһʱ䣬ǶǺ㡣
Ĭ˵Լ飬΢΢죬򶨵Ʋͺʲôûзһ
ĬܺúദĬûʲôųӣжǼõģҲһõԺһֵ顣
ĺܺãԺҶҪֵˣҪ໥ҵδǿˡ΢΢ǿ϶
һ㶼ʲôõĵطԼеһоӦĬģڼ֤Ĭʵ֮ʹӴЪҪȨ뷨
Ҳ˵˶ǿ߶һĳݵ飬
˵ĶĻԺиڣֻҪվڸ棬ʲôǶõģˡ
Ĭ̬ԲĬҵȨ
⣬ãԺһҪҡ
ĬɺݺݵüģûҪҵ˼ڻᣬ⼸길׶İߣŹ˶ãͿԳеҵΡ
嶼ǵֵǽΪ˼ȨֵܶһһӲ˵Ĭһĺӡ
ϸĬһۣȷӶһ棬û˾Լǻʧȥʲô


468 ңȨ2
ǲ˵ˣѾҪĻ¶Կŵ飬ĬȻӴţȫȨˣҲġ
ĬǲҪҵȨ춼Ѿ¶˾ģҪĬչǰȨһ㽻ĬʱĬҪͲô׵ˡ
ĬԼѲˣֻܵͷͬ⡣
ǣ
ˣȻȥһЩҪĬ˵һ¡쵥֧ȻĻҪĬˡ
ȵ뿪͵Ĭˡ
ղ컹һЩûа취Ĭ˵ھȫûйˡ
ĬϣܽңֻзУҲܷġ
ʵѵҾȱٲĬȻˣȻףֻĬҶѡ
һ˵жôϲһŮˣʲôÿǣһ嶼ϣֻΪ¶Է
кĬԼ׶ӣûкҶѷϵôвʵҶѻԸ¼޸ԼյĿľΪڻĬӰˡ
ȻʼվûкڻǲʣֻҪҶѵӰ˵һ㡣
˵УôĸӸȻǼٵģĬʵӣڸѾûʲôˡ
Ĭ΢΢üףΪҵİΣҿ㱣ֻ֤ҪĬһڣҾ;κңĬҵˣҵˣ
Ĭ촫Լľġ
ǶôˣȻҲѾ쵽Ĭһĵط
һͣĬ֪ʲô
Ĭ΢΢ͷʱ׸׵Ŀģȥ
ףҶ֪ˣлô֮Ĭĥݲ
һ࣬ԭҶѾĬ֮նѾĬˣǲĬҪʹ뿪ңȥѰԼסô꣬ҶѴûķ¹ˡ
㣬㶼֪ˣ
첻˼ı飬Ĭ֣صصͷǣҶ֪ˣҸӲܽңӦý
ҪȥѰĲãҲ𣡡˵⻰ʱ򶼿ƲסеĽꡣ
ĲĬ𣬵ȻҲȫĬǸúӣİӡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷҲȥһ׾͹ˣĬУֻһλףСҽҸ˵ĵֻĲҪҲֱӣϲе̫Ρ˵ܻܲΣ뷨
Ĭһ棬ٿĬ¶̬Ҳ˵Ҹ˺еĻˡ
Ĭ˵Ψһĸף⻰Ѿ㹻ˡ
ۿʪʪģĿںǱʲôסһҪйһɸˡ
úúãĬҵĺöӣ
ĬһʱиҪȫΪĬˡ
ȻĬвԸңǾһжԸǣֻҪĬ˾ͺãҲһͨ׶Լӵĳ֧֡
¶˾ģãĬʲô飬Ϊ֧㣬ȥҪͺáǵãԶʵ
ǣĬ׵ģ
뿪ĬŹ·߻ȥԺÿӻڿɢһζͺĬһ͸ŵúϲá
һĨɫıվӻĺ棬ϤĽŲ˳תĬϤף΢΢ô˲䣬ʧɫڱ˴˵оֻ¶Է
Ĭüһİҹȥ
ҹ
İҹǰһסĬƣ㶨ˣ
ȻǻȥɣǸˣĬһ̾ô˲䣬Ҫˡ
һǺܰܰĸףȻҲ֪Լӵ£ҪһҶǽ
ţԺرġ


469 ֱţ֣1
¶Ѿ׼ˣһжΪӭ֮ŵš
֮ǡ
ѹͺҪһ綼ڸסһѹѹһƬƹѹ˴
ŵˣ
Ҳ֪˭ȴһȻǿкѹѹ壬ŻǴֱʣⶼгǧ˰ɡǻǺ׼һǶƷ˲ɡ
Ĭɫ䣬΢΢ˣ
ǵǺһʱˡ
İҹĬ໥һۣھѧԺȺ֮ĬٴиκεĺͿ־塣ȻŵȷǴֱʣһټôȺȻҲѪˡ
ЩȺ֮УʵǿҲôֻޣܶ඼ͨˣľǱֵİˡ
ǿޣĬһתȻ˶ˣȻṼ˱˵һˡ
ǹһĨСһЦݣһʵǲģҪӵһֻԼޣɾͲһ򵥵飬ҪԵɺϡԣŲ޸͹ˣ
ҲҺŵ˲뵽ĬȻײУȻѾ˼ŵˣȻǻᱻĬѪİɡ
ңͶ
Ϊ׵һţƺѾԤҿĽ֣ȫͲκ˷С
ųôԸһңȻҲû顣
Ҫ˵黹ĬѲϵ֮Իң̶ܴϾΪһǰĬǸȺ˵ĶսҲǽⳡսΪ׵ˡ
СӣǴ͵͵ų棬СΪ˿С̣ټϺɽʶֵܣ֪ǾȻǱĬӲܷŹĬˡ
ȺĬǣԭһжں֮У͵Ĭе鶼Գ䶨
Ľȴȫ˺󣬲Ҫ˵ǻĬԼƵȺٽԼĿƣʧȥС̵ĿƣĽȻ⣬ƾŻķӹһ١
֮󣬺Ҳ˲ص֮󣬿˺ܳһʱŵԻָ
һĬµӾǴˡ
һ꣬ΪϵȨȻҲ٣ܿǵĬȵĵһ±ңֻһһһǣǶҪΪĬصĴۣ
Ⱥѹǣֳǰѵһ澰һǱ𺳵ˣвٵСֱӴŽգҶ࿴һۡܣСĵùܶʱŻеЩ¶ȻѾͨ˿ԽܵķΧ
ߣңҪŽлһĨģûаĬǷУȷУһζڽˡ
ĬǰһʲôˣԴţ
ɵӱƵ⿴վǰĺлһĨɻ˵Ҳм죬ƺмȴһô벻ˡ
ʱһʱ䣬Ĭﻹܼǵһǰˡܿܣ°ܽĬӲû˼ȥסԷ
Ĭ⻰һɾǴˡ
һζԼҪôĬȥһҪ˹ģûһз¡ȻָоͺԼĬⱲĶֺ͵ˣȻԷȴ˭ǵˡ
Ĭ̬Խúݺݵս˫ȭĬ㲻ʶңʶͺãڣģҲŹ㣡
Ҫ𣡡ĬһȫûаѺ΢΢ͷظС˳Ƥëлǲ¸пһСá
С֪֮ǰѾΣƽʱǿɰСŮģĬȻûа취˳ëˡ֮һƿǶСģڷ۵С̫ģ
һǼΪɰܸĬ˳ëĻȴǸˣС̻ǺʱһһĿɰ
װ˵Ҫ𣡡
С̶ζضУںֵʱ򣬾˶Է˭
ˣ˾ʱвĸ󣬻ҪƸĻˣʱȥС̾ȻܵһʱֱԷ͹˲С


470 ֱţ֣2
С⻰Ĭ΢΢ͷԼʲôʱˣԭ㣬°ܽҪôʰ㣡
ĬоԵţȫʵ˵Ŀ⣬ĬĴڡ
ߺߣҿЩҪӦԣкĬ֮ǰ£֪ĬǵˣһȵǸʱǺֵʱ
ĬͷͷȻλԼԭŻ޹ǣһңǵİȫΪԼԭŻЩӣ
ܿͻ֪׿Ǹ˭ĬһĨâܽܵľǶԼļ˳֣ˡ
ԲѣϾһֻ̣ôȻð̽ϣĬǲ̫ˣΪһֱСܹԸȺ
һǰĬʵҲǰѺŵˣȻûз飬ǧõĺܣǴ򲻹ĬҲ㹻Ĭˡ
ʢȴҲǼΪģһ۵ʱѾµ˺е̡
޳ܵС˾ȻҪַʽԸĬȴҲҪͬͬ⣡
˭˵Ĭֻһˣң
ֵͬģϽ
ֳľͿ϶ѾֱԼ̬ȡ
ʱĬֳֵܱĺﻥԵΪѵãĬһů֮ǰչ¶ŨŨĳݣĬ֮ǰͺĽ࣬ûȫϡ
һΣңվӦУԵΪѵãĬҲ϶ܵܡ
ңʱôӣֻҪĬ飬Ӷ֧Ĭж
ټңӶվˣܿܿȻҲȺ֮Уӵ뷨һģһģԶ֧Ĭľ
⳰ԭĬ֮Ѿûж뷨ҳ֣Ͼŵȷǿ˱һֳУ׶ŵӰ첻á
Щ˲վͲܹˡ
ǺǣЩˣͰһˣҲеԸ˭һվ
ںУÿ˶ԼҪλãе鶼Կ󣬲С˵ľġ
Ĭǵ
⻰һһվ˳޷˵ضϺңң
һ˲һͺǲĴһһŵĬǰ棬ķʽԼĬڳ̶ȣ͹һѾĬʮָж
Ȼô˲Ǿͳͳ˾ǣһоȻɿʼĽĬ
֪Ĭĺֻ·һʱȻʲô£һ͹һ㣬ͿԿĬƽʱΪˡ
ȻҲôĬ
Ĭеĳ֮ɫҲǸˣҲǿЦ֣ЭȫԶԸЩȺ˶ʤ죬ûʲôġ
ټĬʵȲʤȯ
ֻǿֱ󶼲֪Լǰһôǿ˵ɶ֣ѡ˶ΪУڻûпʼʱ򣬾Ѿעʧܡ
İҹĬսĽֻҪվǣȫõĻ˵Ĭ
ȻţİҹȫĬȻǲܵģվڽֻҪĬҪԼİҹǵһȥİˡһ飬ɲʲô˶ˡ
ս˫ȭԺ¸ֳĬԼģԽģǺǣĬҵҪ㵽ʲôͣ
˵ĬͣҲǱȺҪˣپǽ죬ԸЩƵҰ޾ȫٻ¡
ǵģ
һһУҲǵõ˲ٵĽڽ죬ÿԽеżչ¶һʱǵĽһǴ˼Ѫһ˸ɾ˵һĬ֮ǰҲû뵽ġ


471 ֱţ֣3
󣡡
ȻʮγһС飬վλ仯˲伸һγһȫĵ󷨣еʱõ֮һ
ĬвһĨŨŨڴԭлᵣǸ㲻˵ıֶǳϵ˵󷨻ĬڸǵģǼʱ䣬ÿһСӶʱϵһ𣬱˴һѵ˼죬Ҫ˵Ĭ滹Ƿȱ˲١
ĬżȻĻһϿģһõĺõĻԿһ֮չʾʮ֮һʮ֪󷨵жǿ
ǿҪ󷨵㹻Ĭϳ̶ȣȻʩչЧͻʧȥܴĹܡ
֮ǰĬоӵܷӳʮ֮Ѿǳ˲ˣϾǱ˴һʱͺ̣ܶҪﵽĬ͸ˡȻʵϵ㹻żǴһÿһ˶úܺãÿһС󷨶ܷӳʮ֮߰˵ĹЧЩϺõģѾ󷨵ľ裡
˵Ҳ˵澳ʱ˱ֳĳһǱܣ
ĬвһĨŨŨ⣬¸Լһľϲˡ
ӵһ־ɳǣʲôĴ۶ܰǴܣ͹һ㣬㹻𾪣ԺҸƾվȽŸһԾΪĴ֮һ
һеȻĬֲϵ
ɺݺݵšüģǼ첻µʵһҹ֮õͻͽһ˼ϵһķʵ̫ǿˣ޶ûа취ƣӲ˵ˡ
⵽ô£
ԭѾһʧ飬ھȻתѵôˣһŴѱ޺ҰңȴԷķˣ˵ȥԺҪ˸Ц
ȻʵϵҪ˵ǶԸĬĬ䶼ϣ˵ʲô󻰡
ĬҳزʲôúھǺ棬ʲôӢۺúбվǵ𣬾ԾǳĬġ
жԺΪ𣬸Ǵ򲻹ĬĬ
Ĭ΢΢㲻䣡
ҪĬҲԼʲôˮƽȻҪĬԴ֣һǰͲĬĶ֣Ӳˡ
һʱ䣬Ĭʵһֱڽ˶Ŀõ飬Ȼûĺˡ֮ǰȻǴĬ˳ѣ˲ᣬϢһʱ䣬ĬĶ֣
ȻȻ˶ĳ飬ȻɵӣĬ
ĬҪȥｻǾͺã
ӲɺݺݵšüģϣĬʱȥԭҲžƾǵ㹻ػһңȻʵˣ
жôãȻǺĬڸǵ󷨷ֲϵǾǳһ㣬Ҳ㹻ôи˵ˡ
֤˴еֻҪĬڵĵطûʲôġ
ڣҲܶൣĵ飬ǾΪҲػң
Ĭ΢΢ҶŬʲôԼᶼ˶ڽЩ鶼ĬУ΢΢ͷİɣѲҡ
ٲ̩ȻسźķȥȫûаѶԷУȵԼɳǿһĳ̶ȣȫ޾˵Ŀ⣬֮һѾòһˣӲ˵ˡ
Ĭ߶ҶʶĬһһ·ߵһ˳ߴǰĬŲ죬ÿһ쳣ȶͺǲںһһĪĿ־ĸо
ĬȻ⣬Ȼһ飬Ĭ
ˣҳˣ㲻ҵĶ֣֣һĬƳһۺҲ벻ѵŻǲƴ֣ѾüӵӻǺֻޣƷ϶˵ϵˡ
ĬһתǴľֻ߽ޣŹȻǸõطǶúԴĶôܲҪأ
ĬɰĿ䵽ֱƵĻ񣬻ɫëŻǺÿźǿϧˣ͸ң˺ܹؼ
ĬעĻɻһ޵ʶͻҪǿܶ࣬ȻڶĬϬʱӲо䣬ûУ
⵽һôǿأ


472 ޻أǿƣ1
ѾԸоĬǿĵطȴһ㶼ûע⵽Ҳ֪ĬʵǿΪһˣԸϱ˱Լǿر˻Լһֱˡ
˵׻Ǻ̫СĬˣľƾԼϵޣͿԴĬˣֱǳ˵Σϸע飬ҲԼڵ顣
ǺǣĬôͷڹˣ㲻ǲҳҲҺҵ۾һգգضĬ۵׻һĨƵİâȻⶼѾں˿ӣͿĬȥˡ
ȻףھʵǰеСȫûãҪĬҪø۵׼
ںĬʱĬϵЦҲԽˣ˵ǺǣҺ㵥Ҿͺ㵥ҲǺûӡҿСǲѽ
ȻǱĬˣ
һʶ˶㣬ҪܿĬߣʵĬ̫ǿⶼǰһֻ߽޶ŵˡ
ȫûĬе⣬Ĭ佱ԼĻϲһĨɫҪ˵ֻҲǷǳǿĴڣŵҲΪԭȥñ˺λֻǺɹΪʱ˺þõŰֻ͸˺ΪԼޡ
һһӾֻԼһֻޣȻԼʵԽǿԱ˵ȻҲԽߣǻĸ߽ҲѾǳˡ
ԴӺõֻ߽޻ΪԼԼޣԻǱԼҪãǺóԺúȵĹŻƽʱǻһëҪ۰졣
ӭսĬǰѻҲһ˹ԻоԵţϵЦԽ˼֣ͺѾĬ񿾳ɵģˡ
ǺǣĬڣ
ֱʱ򻹾ԼӮĬĬЩ۸ˣͺ۸һһһɾ͸жûС
ôɣУ
Ը֪ߵغ񣡡ԭлᵣĬ̫ǿȻ˵ҪԼУǾ͹ֲˡȻ֪ԼĬĶ֣һϣû
ĬмɵǻˣǲҪ֣ҲԲΥ˵ֻܶȫľ񣬳Ĭ³һλ
Ҫ˵λҲ˵зǳ˲һֻ棬ǱˣĵֵסλĿ顣
˵λѾͷһˣлһĨŨŨĶ񶾣Ĭλô죡λ𣬾Ǵ޽·Ȳ㣡
˵λ̫ϾƵҩʱõһֻ棬ʵжǿ֪
Ĭ
ǻĴſھǳĬ𣬿ǰһ˶סˡ
Ĭ

һǰĬڿĨʱֻĬͻɵһһվԭأⲻǵűûȼԼԹ۵˶Ǳݺݵŵˡ
λҪԸĬ̫ˡ
Ĭվ˲Ĭȷλһ취ûУλעҪʧˡ˭ԵĬأĬĸ֣ɫɻĻ档
˿ĬھǱΧûа취뿪¶żѡ
İҹвȾһĨģӦǾң˲ɺݺݵս˫ȭȻ׼Լ֡
׻ǵףι㲻Ҫȥƻ˵ĺðɣֻȻСүвͣһҲǷֻһá
С̾ǵͷŷ˿صصͷȻỹԳԷһ˫۾ҪԻ𼦣𼦣һܺóԣ
İҹ΢΢һ飬СһıҲƽĬԼϵֻҪĬһ㲻õĵطǾǵһ֪ġ
ԱԻСԵÿ׺ܶˣ͵ɫÿеĻŻܹĶѾԽԽˣںֻλȴǿ˵õ䣡
ȻǹңĬİҹڱҵɫеĶȻλҲС
ӾȻҲǵĶԻڿ΢һ
˵Ĭ£


473 ޻أǿƣ2
ƳһһӣһҪǿСӶĬҲһƬģʱֱӾȥˡһǵȻ޶ˣ
΢΢һ飬ĬߵǴ˶֣ӶǳԵĽ࣬Ӳһ
֪Ĭһ˶Ըֻ޲ʲô֮ӷҲǸŵǼʼעֻĻ棬ֻζ϶ܲţȻˮҪˡ
ֻ񵽵ʲôͷĺӣζһҲܲɣ
ӿ¾Լûз֣˼ʽѾʼ˴ƫˡ
˵Ĭֻ޾һⲻζҲǳ˲٣ǻƷֻûгζԭ۵С궼ǰһ⿴򻹶ĬĻ
СŮⲻмˮƽҪĬһ£Ҳ̫ûˡ
ߣȻһ㣬֮󣬵ζúõĻӦζǲİһС궼ѾĥŸʲô⿰취ֻˡ
С⻰ʾԼһֱǺӴǰһ
ϴϴҪʲôģ͸Ūϴʲô飬СܵһʱңҲǶһˡ
͵ų԰ɡ
СһҲǱСԻѵˣ˭ϴ󣬵ȻڿҲҪ˼ɺãҪСԻġ
˭Сϴ󣬵Ȼںܶ෽滹ҪǣԭСջ𶼲ģת䵽ھǳһʲôóԣһ·ѵС̸ι˲١
˵СϴҲĲףԶ˵ǵǵСһĬ˶ûСġ
̯ϴλСǾͲ˵ǵжҸˡ
ϴԣ
Сͬ³ҲɼкüûгԵϴķˣԼθѾϴˣһĻʳ벻ۡڻص֮СҲæµټԼĳ͸׵ʦȻҪСġ
ȻһҲζƺѾкóһʱûгԵԼϲĿζҲ˵ҵĻʳã෴ĬˣȻҲܵ˼õĴȻЩҪġ
ǾСձȽϺã
ŻΪС˵Լ׵Ļһ
໣ϴһ˵㻰ҪԽ֭⣡˵ŵƺѾ뵽õζԼ촽ҰҰǣһģӲ˵СˣƵĿһ˲˲ضСꡣ
ҲѵãСȻҲף⼸ҲǱﻵˣһӣˣ
ŶҲ̫ˣ֪ϴˣС̹ɵز˲СֱۣģҪжɰжɰˡ
ôһ͵ĬֻˣǾͿԳԴˣ
İҹɷһעСһ棬ⰴ˰ͳ𣬡ô˵ЦЦĳպܺá
ʱԹСʳĵС˶ͷӦǵȻϴĶҪ̫óԣûгԹһź
㲻ˡ
İҹӦһ˲ֱԷĬǺ
һ˵⻰ʲôЦӣȻİҹͱ˿Ц˾øӿֲ
ҰҰͣǱİҹʲôˣ㣡㣡һСǵͨ죬ƫƫҲɣİҹ˵ˡ
תԴʲôõģ˻ϡأ
лǺί
ίǱ˵
ʵͻ֮󣬷ӹηİҹˣǱԷһƫƫİҹһģͺʲôûзһˣӦѡ
С꿴һ۵΢΢Ҳû뵽İҹȻܰѵСһԵġ
Ĳ𣡡ܿܿĬʵĬΧ붼ѹ
ĿţŮ˽סӵĸ첲ʶǾԼ֪ʲôʵܿܿıɡ
˭Ĭ߸һѰˣȻҲͨ˵Ŀˡ


474 ٳ⣨1
˵ʲôǵһȥģС궼ѾͬˣڵкĬսֻĻѾǲϵʳһ˫˫ͺǻᷢһ޲ϾͰ˼Ҹˡ
ˣҲٶһ㣬ǵųأϴ˵˽ǼӲֻͣζһ ˵ŵƺѾŵζҰҰͣһĭ˳ԼԲĶӡˣ㿴ңӶˣ
ŵԲĶӣ˾ȻҲǲô˲ͺǱ˸ȵһݺݵس˳ǡ
ɰСкֵ˭ҵģǸղҲۼע⵽һ·ǸĬйӦԼյСͯɡ
˵⻰ѵľͲʹ𣬿ԲĶӷǸճԹûжãȻʱܹѹ˵Ӷ˵Ļ
Ǻÿɰ
ĺǺÿɰѽѾеֵסŮӵһֳ͵շŵһƴڻ
໣ҾȻСкȵˣⲻĺӰɣôСôˣ໣
ɵѽǸո뿪һ꣬һʱ䣬ȥһôĵĻӣΪһӿԳŴİԱȥȻǲܻĬĶӡ
֪һôĶӣǿɰޣȫԺССҲһܿɰ
λ⻹ˣҵĹע㾹Ȼŵ˵ϣȻĬһֽһΣĬôܻȲһֻأ
ǲмһǷˣȻΪĬڻλ֮»һʬ嶼¡
ı飬Ӳԭһ˿ֲģֻҪĬиͲںЩ
Ѿˡ
С𣬼ӴˣһҪĬ
βĬ߼ѾԼһǣʱ˱϶٣սиǿʵ
񿴵ף򶷣ԼͲǰ˵Ķֻ֣һλˣڿЧҲûԼôá
ĬһǱλΧȥǺֹۣȻȴǸӽš
ڻǰֻѡҪôĬҪôȻѾΪһֻ߽ޣȻôǰҲʣһѡֻĬ
Ѿ¶˾ģҲˣǺͺһĹעһΪӮԲһУʱΪȥĺɵپĬ
ĬһԸоĻŭˣȻ֮ʩԼϵĻҲȡ
ǿƲס΢΢ȻҲǼΪģ֮ǰһĬڵɫѾĬ֮±¯࣬ĬԼҲ벻ѡҲһʱ֮󵨵ذɫӦõ֮УӲ뵽Լ𽥾ڵѾʼ˸ı䡣
ԭڵĻ涼ǿԽģĬһǿҵĸоƺȵԼγɹѻλ֮ɫԼһܴľϲ
ӸרעջȫΧסĬˬ޲öŻһûøһЩɣ
ĬܻǱһǣô嶯ֱӺ⻰Ȼ˶Լ񾭲ˣȻҪһ㣬ĬɲΪԼһɤӾ˼һˣҪȥôõա
ʱһҪ˵СȽĬ˼ôõɲǼٵģپһ۵ʱѾµĬеʲô
ˣǵ㣬һԵģһԵֿס棡
Ȼô˵ȴǡôı¶ŨŨĵģƺӦ֪ĬѾȥɻҪڵһʱ֧Ĭٲñ˿ȥ
СֱȴǸ˵ĬѾǿ֮ĩͼֲ˶ãһǲ˸Ӻõ״̬ԲܷŹĬ


475 ٳ⣨2
ͺͨе뷨ȻܿǴݵ˻Уȫú˵ʲôѾ˺ͼĻλƴˣԼı֮ԴԸĬ
ףֻаĬˣܵõõĽ֡
ĬһȻԼСضǰѱ˵ıԴ֮ƭˣԡůůĺ֮УҪ˵жˡ
Ĭƽı飬ǲмʱˣ˻װҪĬܳŶã
ĬŲסֱ˵һС飡
ɤĬ˵ȻķŹĬֻҪлŪĬԲܷŹǺıʡ
ɶգ
ԭҵ鶼˲٣СǻһҲһʯͷŲ£СˣѾĬƵĲУ˵ŷŹĬʵֻĴĻԽǸӳˣЩվԱߵĹڶԸоԼҪյ·ˣӲ˵Ĭˡ
İҹĬһУȻµĬ⡣
ֻѾǿ֮ĩ
İҹ϶˵Ҳ˵ܹĬĵĻҲѾþˡ
һĬȻҲио˶ԷٱԴ֮Ĭ˵Ѿ֮ϲ΢΢
УھͿҵˣ
Ĭһȣһвݺݵزһ£ʶоҪջػ񣬲ȻѾˡ
Ĭôѵģ
мԡںɫˣһ䣬ɢƵĹâƺûʲôǿоΣգұЦݲλ˱˵۾ô˲䣬ɱĬסˡ
òϣĬѵһˣһЦǣʧɫ
Ĭ֣ȻԷκηĻᡣ
һƣ顣
һֱǻ𣬲ʰһ¶Էľھֻлˣɲֻ޲ŻҲ
΢΢㲻ҪԿֻǼӲͣ
֪ԣСһﶼһ˷˲̫ˣ֪ˣ
һͣвãȻĬѾԷзӦĻᣬǻ𣬲ֻ֪ԼĻë˻Ǹʲôӡ
һŻŶһİɫɪɪ磬ʶһ㣬¹ëͱյһ㣬һʱѵһëĻ𼦣ײģž˷Ц
ҪЦˣɴЦ벻ĬĿػѾôǿˣ˿֣˿ľͲһˡ
İҹĬȫƺ˻಻ûֻƤëԲ˻壬ɲΪ˵Ȼø⡣
һǰμĬ涼ƣֻȫȼϨ𣬲Ƕ̶һʱ䣬һж˺ܺõĸı䡣Ĭڿշ磬Բһ˿ġ
ȻĬԼĻյһëĻˡ
֨֨֨Ĵųһ˫۾ðȻֱԼ˿̵Ĳʡ
ӱѱ֮һֱǺóԺúȵĹţʲôʱܹίرǶһֻϧëĻܲ˵Ŀ¾Լëܵˡ
ֻҪһ뵽ԼϧôõëȻĬȫˣͷˡ
ڻͲܾ˼ԼĬ֮Ĳֻ࣬ɱˣɱĬ
֮䣬ĬײģҲǱͷԣȻҪԼĬǲܵ顣
ĬһûһɱֻҰ޾Ѿܺˣһֻѡ
һˣ΢΢Ҳ֪Ĭ϶ʲôȥлԴԻҪǵȥ
ˣ
˶ɱݺݵˣĬȻֻһоƷֻԿȥǳޣ
ۣûпɣֻޣ䣡䣡
˵һ˸Ȼӭ˲˸ͣһг˼ۼ֤Ĭʵ֮ô˲ǾȻһⱾӦˣĬǵ
䣡䣡


476 ٳ⣨3
Ĭһнֻ۵ĻĳСԻȻǵһȥһ˲˲ضŵڵϵĻ񣬡ˣֻС𼦸㶨ˣ
ֻµСкһĨᣬ΢΢šüģԹһ໣ôˣʻ᲻òó԰ˣϴĳգǾûŵʱ䱻ˣȽϺóһ㡣
ôɰСкӵ˵Ļȴǲ־壬İֻˣ붼ЩˡȴһƽԼ˵⻰ʲôԵĵطһȻģϾڵ˵ʵǸҪ顣
ƺҶǱղŵǼСԻˣû˾óֻ߽׻ʲôԾĵط
Ǹ߽ޣͨడ
Ǽɿˣĺÿ˶ιԼܺӣ⵽ҪļҵףŲᱻ⼸Իܹˡ
ȻҲȫû뵽⣬ڿǼģƺιǼĻҵҲǲˡ
Ĭ΢΢˳飬Ȼ֪Ƕõʱ䣬ԼߵļСһﾹȻɹϮΪԻˣôʻˡ
ģӰʣҾǰֻˣ߾ǡ
ʱĬȻɻһɣҲҺøղԼ飬ûĶԻº֣ǿ⼸СһĬҲǲˡ
Ĭ⻰Скǰһ벻ĬȻûֱ˽ֻ˳ǵԸصصͷǰԶǱԼ˲ٵĻֱӾߡ
֮˶ɱǰһĻˣ
⵽һʲôĹͯȥƺǺܴ󣬵ǵվڻıϾͿֳ޴ˡǱȵ߳ģǿѣ˵кüٽˣһֻ߽ް
Ȼƺһ㶼ûоһ˿һֻȻ⣬һȥȻһ־ͰѻϸʲôĵطһĨ˷ܵĹâճֻС֡
һֻ޴Ļ񰡣ؿ϶ǲᣬǼ˶ҪһܰѻȻһСкȴһֻ־Ͱѻˣ˿ģ
Ȼ˺˲ܱȣһ֮¶ֻ˸Ľࡣ
˿֪ԼѾһ꣬м˸˷ܣֻһͷԳˣӲͼӲͼӲͣҪ˵飡
ϴǽԼӲˣ
ССҲǵһʱ˹ȥСһڵϣë׵СԴջһԼҪôֻ
ګګ˰ֻûˣһʲ䣬ȰŪ˵Ҿƣ֮ڻϿζԺã
ⷽ棬СʮĻȨԱСһһݣһ֣صĵͷϴ󣬶ģģ
ԭѾѹĻ⻰֮󣬶˫ȶħҪֲӣһж⣬ôԼѾˡ
ˣĬʱȥԿһ£˵з֮ڶϵС֮󣬾ֿûУԻ˹ȥ
С겻ƲƲ촽һ»ĶӣⲻмߣûãǱˣû˼Ū
ѵΪͿӹȥˣ棡
Ĭһи㶨֮ǱǸŪȥ׼ˣغǱɵˡԼԼޣ𣬺Ȼǵһ֪ģʱ򣬺Ϊ˻ֻһûС
ֻؿŻˣһᵰǼѾڿƣտӶŪˣҪ˻
ŨŨĿ־壬˼ĿĬǣ˫ȿƲסزҪӣֻлŲп̡ܷ
ȻĻз̵Ŀ
ȻûС
Щ˾ƴһŬҲȲһЩһʱڷܣǲ࣬Ҳ츳Ĳ𣬶Ĭ츳ˣĬҲΪԼ츳ȱͺƽʱŬ


477 Ҫߣ1
Ĭ΢΢ڿСǼʱ֮飬ҲǼڣĬûʲôܱȵСǼҪֻҪǿľͺá
ܿĿתתеỺʧΪı䣬˵Ŀֱ԰һס
սľں顣
Ҫӣʱ˫ȾͺѾӶ˵һãĬһԼ߹Ķǿ־塣
㣬㣬㲻ҪĬħ㲻Ҫţңֻ㣬һҶḶۣŲŹģ
ʱǱĬŵˣȻҲʱɵ˵ĻھȻҪŵĬòֱһЦĬţͲһʱͶźˡ
ȻǴвһĬûаѺҲȫηŵıĬ߰վѾΪȲĿ
⻰ĬЦˣЦԽãģ䵽УȴԵøӿ£˼ؿĬ
㣬㣬ЦʲôأŶ֪ҴʰǣֻҪҽȱһͷҸһɨңһΪұģĬҾ㣬ǧҪ
ʵƭԼҲһƭȥˣȻԼûа취˵Ļԣôܸŷ
һϣĺܺãԼҪˣһһΪԼĬս
һ΢΢°ͣĬǣǺǣĬ㲻ܶң
Ĭ΢΢ɵģûмôɵģ鶼Ѿǳˡ

ĬֻӳһƣҲʮ֮Ըһԣ
ԼʵжˣĬηκˣһҲõκơֻҪԷҶҳ֣Ĭа취öԷ޻أ
ҵĽ
һţһһһŶˡ
˳ƣȫûһֿ֮һ˾ͺǶߵķݣӿз֮ź浹ȥ
ûһĸܵĵһƬ谵֪ԼڽӣĬŶˣӲ˵һ
ˣ
ԭҵûоŵͬ⣬ȴΪжĬĳޣ͵͵ͷųһСѱõҰޣһٴֻ߽Ըҡ
˳ԼԤҸһѶˣȻȥʱ򶥶Ǳʼ䣬Ҳж⡣
κȻһ񣬾ֿûУˣĬϣһôԴȻҲúù
Ա˫ۣͷѾԺ̹ȻʵҲһֲܿ顣
ȻԭԤеʹûУȴһĻô˲䣬ȻоԼǿʹһŮ˾գûκα棬ȴһ˿˵Ĵ´ǻۡ
㡪ô˲䣬ǱԷ޵ˣȻô˲䣬ͷͺǴһ˵ˣֻɵĿŶԷϿƲסĺˣ١
вһĨɣڿľŮԭȻãŮ
Ůƺǲµ˺е뷨Ѻڵطκ𣬡㻹š͸ŵ룬ͺղų־˺Ǹ˸ͲԼ
Ů˸ûʲô顣
ţ
΢΢һ㶣ӦŮںԼ˵ȻûţܹŵȻҸ飬»Ż࣬ҲԻҪ˸˵Ķֻ࣬лŲϣ
лл㣬ң
ȻŮѾԺûʲôȤˣҲһڵϲܶĺͺղŵĳȲһþˡ


478 Ҫߣ2
Ů˵תĬǰÿˣȻһ˫ĵۣüë΢΢̣Ǹһ˿аȵζ
ûдˣ
˫ֻսǳģֻ
ŮдŻͣ䣬ɱƺÿһĿήͺü¶ȵһ
ĬɺݺݵüģϸһǰŮˣȷԼûĸطԷĬܹԵĸܵԷԼĶ⣬ŮҲǳģ
һλ˭
ԸܵԷĲ⣬ڻûȫȷԷʵĿģĬҲóóȻ֣Ȼ·磬˵ԷҲǸպ·ˡ
ҶһĬԼͬʱҶغγҲڴĬڸղĬͺ˽ֵʱҶʵһֱԱߣ۲Ĭ书ټʵǿ
ǸղĬ֣ҶѾϿĬʵвȾһĨĬҲǶ
ˣò֣׾ͽˣҶزɾԼһ˶˷ۡҲ֪뵽˭ǲ¶Ц⣬һĨỹǲĬ۾
ԭһĴСҲ¶ı飬ĬϲһˣҲ˽еĺ壬ȴǺԷ
һ˪ŮչֳԵı飬Ȼ뵽ˣҲ֪ĸ˻˱ϲϡ
ĬšüģԷһ¶ѾԵıֳ˶ԼĲϲǶѣŮ˵ʱȴ˿ʲôųоȻһеĸо
ǿԼֹĸоųȥĬһ˵λйڣϣﲻҪ֮顣
ĬǰԴԼˣͲҪĴԼĵǶԼһֲΡŻɽ鷳ĻԼ
ҶξҪĬŸɵģȻĬԸˡ
Ůǰһ΢΢üȴǿκλϲĵطߺߣ˵ҲأҾͻˡ
ȷҶس־˺ҶŮˣ¾ǳʲôģǵáȻ⻰ȴúдΪж벻еŮԸ⵲ǰ
Ů񣬲ҪĬǺǵģǳģԼͿԣ
Ҳ֪ԼһӴӵϸվһߵҶصߣһסҶص֣֮Ů˵ǰֱĬ˵Ŀ⡣
ģҲǲ
ԼҪԼжˣлϲţһŮһжΪܰһŮ˸ȢؼȥһӻʲôԲġ
ľԼܸжҶؾ̫ˡ
ҶػְҪһĬˣڶԷ˭ŮҶصĿǷΧ
ڣҶرסߣеĲͷԽˡ
ÿ䲻κƲԼǰĺҶ˿һһߵǰ棬ĬϬ⡣
ұˣҺΣ
ǲκ˶еİԭŮ˳ʱƮƮɵ־Ҳ˼֣΢΢üġ
Ů˿ȥĺûò
ԭҺŵľǺƣĬҲǱˡѵڻֻǱ˸۸ͲܷȥĵҶ׵Ϊž˲ˬ
пҶزǷĬȴôΪŮǳġ
ǺǣȻܺú̸ǾעǵˣԴ˾ȫҪ
ĬһһЦǼȻˣλȻ˲ͨǾͲ뿪ˡ
ҶҲɱĬ⻰Цˡ
ü΢ǺǺǣ㻹ҪҲɣǾҪıˡĬҲˣ
ҶؼĬ֣ĬҶȴһ֪ڶȻĬѾˡ
һսˡ
ĬˣĬһƶˣԭ˲ʹŨŨɱȫȻ


479 Ҫߣ3
ҶҪĬһܣҪ֤ԼǸˣҲֻԼǸˡĬʲô
ãְɣ
һһӰһ˶ĬҶ֮սǵٶʵ̫ˣ۹ңֱ治˭һ㡣
д˽ֵɪɪ
һĶǱݺݵؾⶼʲô鰡Ĭòײʰĺôһðһ֪µŮˣκŮ˵ʵǿ
Ĭ°ɣŮ˿ȥǿǲ˵ŵĿĬߣһࡣ
ڸղ۵ʱ䣬СϵٶҲ˳ֻĬĻ񣬷ڼտжʼһɵĿζ
ǻǰֻ߽޻˳⣡
ȴҲòϣζƺǺܲǸոϼܣѾɢζζӲ˵ǵȻ֮ζжô
ô죬ǺҲеˡ
ΧĬҶ˶սƺʲô˰
СȻһֱڴʳģȻҲǷһעĬߣĬԼҪˡ
ȻСԼĻ˵ҪǸɵϾȻʱĬǣⲻ顣
һҶ֮СתԴһشǰʳģʳȽ
ŮԲĬĶ֣ǾǸõˡ
ǼһҪעʵԴޣȼԽߣӦҲܹһ
СԹԵؼ˵⻰˵Ķôô֣ǿɶһҪԼһֻ޶ѣСһ˼ԺҪרŲ׽˺˵ĲҪҪô󰡣
ǿʳبŲĵ
Ҫ˵СǼ˵Ҫô˻ΪʹľһҪ˵Ǻˡ
ͺԼϵȻԼһĴҲһĴۺʵͲ֪Ͷ١
Ȼں˵ξܹҴܹ»صŵĿҲѾܵͣ͹ƾԼʵӲܻҵȻӸߵԼʵ⡣
໣
ֱһѪԭܸܵ΢ĻϢȻʲôûˣеȻףҲζŻˣҲܻˣԼǰ˸ͨ忾ˣ
ִԲһĴӲ³üѪ
Ĭ΢΢˳飬˭Լ̫ǿʱĬѾԸо˵Լ֮кܳһʱҪȥ׽ޣȻԼСһĿڸ֮
ϣĬҲ˵ͷһˡ
ֻҪԼˣ˭ܹܵԼ
ҶضоеΣڶţôһӾȻΪ޵ͣĬģ
Ǻǣʲôˣͻʲôūţǳ˱˵ޣѵͲвҽҪúýѵһ
ʵҶزҪҸԸĬˣܽĬʲô飬ҵһĬ
һϣĬҲѾúˣ΢΢Ů˾ǳԼ
ŮˣĬֿ϶ԼǲʶŮˣԷʲôͷֵΪʲôҪԼ
㵽˭
ҶضĬ۾΢΢ǺǣǾ͵ҵʱ˵ɡ
ҶУĬͲԼĶ֣Ȼ°ܽӲ˵֪Լ˭
Ȼ˶ѾˣͲĬԸˣԺͶԷ˵ԲöԷԼġ
ãǾֵ¼аɡ
ĬͲηκˣãаɣ
ĬҶ˽ֽ֣֣֪ûУ֮䣬˶ǵʲôӰӽһ𣬿нս


480 սҶأ1
ҶԭиͿĬûʹȫĺĬ֮ǷԼˣúף
Ĭղڶսʱ򣬸ûʹȫһֲûз֡
һҶҲɽһΪ΢΢СĬ
һĬҲֻʵԼĶ֡
ܺã
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ǱŮ˸佱
ĬҲ飬ȻԷţȻ
ҶóĬŮ˽սԾǺͺһŮ˺ǿǿŮ˳ģǾͿԿ϶Ůʮ㡣
Ҳ˵Ů˾ԼӮ
֪µġ
ûǸŮ˿ȥƺǿӣлԸĬԵģĵĻ˵˳ڡ
ػİҹȿڣһ׼ʳĵСͿˡ
ɵѽһŮˣǼʲôУַӾ͸㶨ˣһ˻һأ
ⲻС껹ſʱ䣬йţȵĬ˳ŮˣݿҲӦˣÿһ⡣
С굽׻̫Сˣ˵ĻûжŷӻһģȫĲ
˵ʱİҹֶ໰֮ˣղС궼Ѿ͹ˣԭӦòӻŶԡȻİҹǰӣĹĬĬСõѣӵʱİҹ̬Ҳһ
ģŮ˲īĶ֡
İҹС˵˼һģһģǾİҹ˵ʱ򣬾Īˣһ
ȻİҹѾ˵⻰Ǿ˵Ĭο϶ʲô⣬ϲ¶һõЦݣصصͷͺãֻҪĬû¾ͺãҾͿԷˡ
СƲƲ촽ղҲѾ˵ˣĬ£˾ǲţڻİҹڣԷˡ
ȻСҲΪǵĿĶһֻҪĬúõľͺá
ʲô鶼Կ
İҹĬҶ˶սĬȻİҹзǳ˽⣬ĬսŮˣ书ȻĪϤĸо
ƺԷ
ô˲䣬İҹҲһ벻ԼмƺʲôҪ顣
ݺݵšüġ
ȻİҹϣʮУĬ˳ҵ˶Էһлƣ˳ϵı˺һ
ǰŮ˾ŵı飬ȴû˿һĵط
ˡ
ˣ
ҶһͣŨŨɻȻˣȻĬһһֱǱĺӡһССңôܻʲôõԴĬǴСͱԴƵҶؾȻһĬȲ
ҶҲһš
ĬޱӣĳĬûаС
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôֱɱ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ȫûŮ˵˵ʲôʲôΪʲô
ȻĬоûҪȥɱˡ
ղĬҪ˺ҲΪĴ̼Ĭĵߣκ˶Լļ˳֡
ȻҶؾȫһˣĬȻΪʲôԼĬҲΪҶԼҪѶԷءϲϲԼҿкܶ࣬ĬȻûʱÿ˶ɵɡ
ɱңҸղſҪɱ㣡
Ҷһ棬ղԼĻһɱĬ֪Ĭ֮ǰȽ˶Է
ҶеһжĬûκιϵ
ҶؿĺԼΪʵȻĬһ㷴ûУĲĬ
ʤΪΪܣĵĬһɱԼҲ˵ʲôõĵط


481 սҶأ2
Щģ֮ǰȻ׵ĸоһˡ
ģ߰ɡ
Ҷ˵ղʵҪɱԼʱĬƬ̵ĳɣס콣ɿһÿһҶأתİҹȥ
ʲô˼
ڸղŵɲǣҶԸоĬҪɱԼȻŹˣ
˼飬ҶؾȻɸоԼܵ˳һ
ĬԿԼ
ҶҶС㣬Ȼ˿ˣֹ͸ĸ߰Ҷظܽڵʵ
ҶԸĬɱˣҲԸܴܵĽ
Ҷô룬ĬֻѶԷһİ˰ˣᡣ
˵ͲҶص顣
ѵ仹ʲôԼҪ飬ںУֻлȥҪ顣
ǰһסҶصĸ첲С㣬㡭澹Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźãԭҪοĻڶҶ˵֮Ӳ˵ڡ
ҶһƿдŨŨıģһ˵ĸ߰ˣմѪۣǸҫ۵ǣĸ߹ȴԶı䡣
һϣҲĬ˼ֿ϶
ϵĻҳҶһҵ˶֣⿴Ĭ
Ĭܺãܺã
һ죬һģ
ţҵҶأԺǻģ
Ůôһ仰뿪ݵӰʧڿУҲκӰ
ĬŮ뿪ıӰҶأ˳ĬпһŨصһʡ
Ҷؿһ֮ȻûôõˣѾľǿܹվѾǳˣӲ뻹ʲôõĽ
ԭأеĿ־Ѿ԰һ˶Χסͺޱ߼ʵĴУΧɬĺˮһ˳ɡ
Ŀ־岻ʴԼʹ಻ѣҪѿȴҲ
ֳ׵ľֻоԼ䡣
ʶҶ뿪ıֱԷȫһСڵ㣬ҲκӰӣףǱԼеŮˡ
˱ʹ飬ʵһ֪Ľ֣Ѿϣеϣʧϣʧܽܵʹࡣ
Ĭһ¿ûңͲǵˡȴǲ׼Ź
ǿƴͬҲĬһֱ̬ҪˣңԲΪκ˶Э
ֻҪԷңôͬģҲҪ׼ңĬ
ɱӺںֻ
Ǻǣţ
κĬֻƳһۺˣ°ܽȫͲĬġ
ɻ䣬֪Լˡ
裬Ĭ㣬㲻Ҫֱʱ򣬺ϣĬܷŹԼһ·Ҳ֪ǲ̫޴ˡ
ͻȻɾԼʰˣԼֵĸоĬǳˣٺݾԷκηӦĻᣬֳʮĬôֵĶûп
˺⣬ȻȺΪʧȥ˿ƵǸˣȻȫõġ
ת
ǻȥɡ
á
İҹ΢΢˾ͺʲô鶼ûзһǣ֣ʮָۣĻʵ̫˲ôš
ԭص˺ݺݵסˣǺ񿴵ʲô˵飡
ղǺǿǸǣ뿪ǣְ
Բѹϵ
֮ͨܵĽӴʮָۣڸղ˶ӵʱ򣬿쳣
Ǹˡǣǡ
ѵһˣ
ѾߵĲ²⣬ûһ˸˵
˿˳ݵͺһĴڣĬȻϲһˣ
İҹһŮˣԲκ˻ɣ죬Ȼǻʵ˰


482 ޾壨1
һʱ֮ĬİҹĬǣֵĻ裬ͺһ˲ŨŨ𺳡
⼸ҪŵвҪ𾪡
СƲƲ촽Լ˺İҹһʲôԵ𣬿ȥǺΨ
ͷϵĻտҲѾȫ㶨
չ
ǿԿˡ
С껹һ˵ĿС;Կ˵˳ԵľȫκĳԻ
أ̫ˣڿԳˣ
໣ϴʵ̫ˣúó԰вУңҪȥø˳ԣ
СģڳԵζʱ򣬻ĬҪΪĬΪȡ
ؾǵûз㻹ȥ
ͻȻɱСԻסˣԼܰԣʱ뵽ĬһѾǳѵˡ
ãȥǵһ㣡
˲ѾС̵Ӱʵ̫ˡ
һ췢ʵ̫𺳣ҶѾӦˡ
ܿܿڱ˸ողŲµĬİҹ֮Ĺϵ֮ǰоѾµ
ڿĬĵ˵棬Լİҹ֮ǰĹϵܿܿҲɱˡ
Ȼ˸ܲ˵Ĭȴ̹ȻܡͻȻ뵽һ仰ǿˣ޾κ˵ԡĬĴڡ
Ůһ̾ʵҲûʲôõģԼѡϲ˾ͺãǲ˵۷ʲô鶼ҪԶ֧𣡡
ʱҲܿܿΨһΪĬģ˵ҲףĬһǣİҹ֣Ѿûʲôںġ
Ĭ˵ĿȻΪѣҪڡ
⻰һȷ˲˼
ȷкܽܲǳݵȻϲһ˵ʵ׷ѵΪԭ򣬾ͲܽĬ
ô׷ǲ̫ˣ
Ƕ֧ĬôУҪܶѹ
ô˲䣬ڳ˶ɿʼ˼һбŷƵĹʡ
ףеִ䣬ֻҪĬľǶһ֧֣
ЩĬǲ֪ˣոջ˳סİҹ֣ȫû⵽ʲôԵĵطĲ
ܿܿĵĬĵλʵ˵ĿͲӰĬ飬
ǰ鷳£ȻĬҲܲ΢΢Ѿ˴˿Ĭĺ顣
ǣİҹ֣ʱĬ쳣㡣
һֱƺҲǲĬü΢΢ǰķ羰ŽأʱȥҲĿ
ǵԼжûƽ꣬ƺʲô鶼벻õģָоʵ̫ˡ
ͻȻ룬ȵԺһĵطɽˮ⣬жԷ飬õ
Ĭ׷ȨƸλˣ׵׷˸еƣҪȲѣҲԼƵôȻʱȴǲҪʲô鶼ҪֻҪϢͺá
İҹҲ˵䵽Ĭϣ۵ǻĳ磬ƺҪһ˶ûһ
վĬߣһҸ
ҹԺҪһô
ҪƿһİҰôˡĬвѾȾһ˿ΣİҹôܻԼһϵİͳͳ˦
ϲ̫ิӵ飬Ĭһܿ췴ӦʵҪĻԼߵˣûİҹߣɽˮޱߣվǻᷦζ
СŮ΢΢ͨеľᣬȻʣƺʲôõˣá
ֻҪҵľͺˡ
İҹλ᲻Ĭ飬ϲңĬҲվԹ߽ǶϿûϷ
ⷽ棬İҹĬǷǳƵĸԣǶϲȨϲƫƫϡ
ô˲䣬İҹѾ˴㣬İǽİͺãİҹϲЩ鷳飬˵ѾӰڣаĵطѾӡ


483 ޾壨2
Ĭɲ֪ʱİҹͬҲΪԼǣԸԼеһУֻΪ˺Ĭһֻб˴ˣиŮ֯ҲһּΪֵȴҸ
飬ƮɢŵŵĻ㣬ͻȻͺʮְʧɫֻжԷǰ֮ȥ
Ĭһ죬ͺһ˶ŵһȣĬҪܵģȻǰˡ
Ȼİҹж
ڶ϶Էȵ⣬ӲǳĬһ˲ͱԷ˽ȥһ죬ͺǸƲסһǰ˸ƻˣһİҹ
ŮƵ䵽İҹıʱƺ촽ԵñұƺĶĿ
Ҫǰһݺݵҧһô죡
ζҲһܺóԣĬΪԼһһΪǿˣڶİҹ֮Ϊ½˲١
뵽ȥǣ
ҪǿԼѹʲôֻҪݺݵرסǰˣȫİҹˣ
֮ĬҲȷôģǷ꣬һоڲС
İҹһǿƲסһĨÿĻȣ۵кᣬҪݺݵرסԷһٽһ㣬޲þڣĬһԼĹҲֿܷ
ͺܺãİҹĬѵõϲڵĻǡ
ˣҸóԵĻŶ
ĳСһ˷ܵӺ𣬻ԼϵĻȣŶ׼ȷ˵Ӧûǻȣ⻹СرΪĬĿأ
һ׵޳裬ôףԼһԻ뵽ԼˣʣóԵĵطĬһѾܲˡ
ȻһᣬС̺޲Լûе
ɺݺݵס۾壬ʲôûп
ˣˣ
ǸղİҹǱ⿴ԼС̸оԼҪԷ̻һë׵СԴһһģҪĬǵı飬֮ǰİҹϣӲҰСԴ󿴡
ĬһҪˣղһĻȻС̸ˣʵ̫ˡһŰƴСõγˮһСԴİҹĻ
ˣûˡ
ȻС궼ԼղǴһҪ˸Цˡ
İҹѵԼСŮһΣ˸ˣҪܺþ͹ˡ
С̻һղİҹʵ̫ˣľİҹҪԼ̻ˡ
Ĳǹġ
СᶼҪʼģİҹ᲻һʱ嶯֮ľԼƤˣʵҲûпܡ
໣񶼻ûгԹأ
Ҹղʲôûпʲôûпʱ˵⻰Ȼûʲô˻ˡ
ʱС˵ʲôʱĬİҹ˰֪ڻ԰͡
ĬǺݺݵس˳飬Ȼ˵ʲôûˣһƽеɬİҹĻ̽Դ
СϻһֻĴȣΡΡСƺܵʲôһһ̾˾Ϳˣֲô
һװÿõĻȸ𣡡Ĭת⣬ƺղڻ԰ʲôûзһ
СصصͷԶԶԣϴѾֻ㶨ˣζĲѽҸ˸ȹ˵껹ĬڣѾһֻȣѾֻĴȸˣˣǡ
СܵһΣĬǻӺԼסˣʲô֪
ȴҪϣǿĬİҹ˵ദǻһĸо͸ŵҸ
ҹװŵˡĬƳһİҹ΢΢һȴǺůůİҹһȺںԼѣҸ
ζҪҪһڣ
пİҹĻһĬͺһûйͷСŮˣڶԷĻУѾҸ
ƺ뵽ʲô
ҹ֪ǸŮ𣡡
ҶأĬĬһԷ֣ĪϤĸоĵǻȥ


484 ָŮ1

һƬžƺһƬҶӴӿзԵø
е˾Ǳݺݵ𾪵ˣĿⶢŴſڻ߽Ůˣһʱ֮˴ϷŮϢԣ
Ůһɫ糤ȹȹڴƽĹմ壬ұõƺɲǼſòɷ
ǴһĨЦݣֻƻ٣ͷбһ֧ˮӣӳгŮ˾µա
⵽һô˰ϵ۵ĳһ̫һ̫أǡôģ˸ûа취ŲĿ⡣
˭
Ů
֪Ϊʲôҿλˣмһ˵˵ϸŮ˾գһûط˭
ԽǿŮ˵ģԽǾϤ
Ĭ΢΢ǻָŮѵǶʶԼ
İҹĬĺ棬ĿûдĬŲĬΪָŮˡ
ʵĬǶжŮİҹԶж⣬ֻҪĬѾ㡣
ôǶʶˣ
ֻ΢΢ˮĺ촽⶯
⣬Ĭ
һŮ˾ȻĬֱ̫ˣûܽ
һǿˣˣǰŮôܻǵĬǻʵ˰
һȵı飬ĬȴǲһĨȤζЦݣǰһ΢΢ҡͷǻǲʶˡǡô¶һĨΡ
㣬
˵һ˿ڣȻ˸ͣǻɡ
ӶĬͣĬСһ𳤴Ľ飬Ȼڿһ۵ʱѾϳĬҲԲĬǸŮˡ
ɺݺݵšüģĬİҹİȻΪһˣаŮװľֵ
һϣ˵ʲôͬĬʵһҲ˵ʲôΪĬжһ޶
ĬǺαء
ɵԭİҹĺøжΪĬŮװˣУĬһΪôܽİҹŴӡĬʡ
ĬôʹҿЦˣǴŪ··ǺƯ⻰һҲǰŴϳĬ
Ĭ
찡ԭǵŮװȻҲôһ㶼ûоʲôԾĵطʵ̫ˣ
찡ҪˣȻǶҪסˣ
԰԰Ϊһ˰Ȼ
ԭǴŮװô
һһĿĬò˶ʶһ⣬ΪʲôĬҪԼװһŮ˵ģ
뵽⣬ԴģҲѡԺ顣
Ĭ߽ʱĿҲûа취ĬŲ
̫ˣ
֮ǰûоĬĸжƵĵطĬŮװʱͺ񿴵ʱҶѣҲشԶѾ˵Ŀ⣬ġ
ȻĬ
вһĨŭǶԹȥĻ䣬˲𽥻񣬿ĬŮװ磬šüġ
֣Ĭ㵽ʲô
Ĭ˰¶е˻ҵļλһ˹ҪôҿŮװĴ硣
һҲûʲô⣬ڻô೤ڣĬⲻںʹ档
һȣҶǹˣҪôҿŮװģҲȫðѼг϶
ȻҲѾµһֿܣܿǱˣôأ
Ĭ˵⣬һƬ΢΢ףûкʹҿЦ
ǰĬһ棬ҪѴôͳͳˡҲǸߴʱˡ
ĬûкʹҿЦ
ʲô˵ȥͲĬⷬ˵ǣ
ǿĬȻģһĬ֪ʲô𣡸һȥ·
úõһкӲǴŮװɺͳ
ȻҲòгϣĬģǺܺÿܾޡ


485 ָŮ2
ھָŮڴǰʱĬѾϵ˻Ѿе׼
̹ȻĶ췳ŭĬһƬƽ˵ףҲҪе鶼ָԭˡұӦҪһʲô
ǰһŮӣһвǰһжعˡ
˵ʲô𣡻ȥ˵һ飬ȥ·ѾʢŭıԵ벻ףĬʲô
һ˲˲ضĬףҪҵһ˿Ĭ˵ѵĺۼûУһ㶼Ĭһ棬ƺĬѴټһ𣬾Ϊڵ
һֱ֪ĬһҶûжٸ飬֮ǰĬбʾλãӲҪеҵ
ʱ˳˻ȥǹ̬ˡ
ֻҲ뵽ĬȻ׵ֶ¶Լľġ
ĬȻ״˿ŭҪе鶼˵
ǰؾһĬһ棬90ȾϹò˶е
ܿĬľϹʲô
ҪϹлҲҪģôܽĬĴ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷԲҲԣҪ˵Ǹһֱ˴һ飬ĬΪǵ
Ŵһεı飬Ĭзӹⲻȥôռλã˿ʲôĵط
ȻĬԼͲҵˣԼԲˡ
Ĭ⻰һ˶ˡ
˵ʲôأ㲻䣬ǻ˭䣡Уõ
ʱڳжٿĬĬ֮ǰһķܳеҵΡռλãĴˡ
ȻĬѾ˳ı˴жĿһκȶңǽƵһ׮׮һҶ۵ףǡ
ȷûĬҲڵİȡ
Ĭижѣǵʱ˶ԸԼ⼰Ѿ㹻
Ĭ¶ŴپһллңллҵΣĬҪʹҳһ顣ҲΪʵһֱŮװ
Ůװ
⻰һİ˶ŵˡ
Ĭž޾գѾ߻ɵĻӦ˵ˡƺĬǸŮӣʵڿŮװڴǰʱ򣬾ͱòôԽܡ
ԸղĬ˵ģԼƭ˴ҵ飬Ҳô꣬һֱŮװ顣
һүС㣬Щ֡
ĬԼŮʱҲɱݺݵŵˣĬôһŮӣ
ôᣬĬڿʲôЦ
кѽܣԼѾ϶ĶӣȻһӱŮ
ĬصصͷԼ̬ȣ˵ʲôı䲻һŮӵʵ
ʵһֱĸײҪʵ
Բ𣬸ףһֱǸŮӡ
ϴӾȾ֣ΪƽʵҲһ㼣󶼿ֻǴҶʶ˺ܶࡣ
ǵģҲ֪Լ׻ʲôѾðһиĬӲԼΣһĬҡһ䣬Ůӣ
Բƭ˴ҡ
ӻˣһӶַӦĽ࣬ĬףҪĬһ˱ŮϢ
ĬĿȻ֪˺һԸóλãҶҵĴҲ
ҲĬܸĽ
˵ϢȻܵ˵˵ǰеĶԭĬһⶼûеġ
˵˰죬ĬԼһǳҪĿģóλá
ǴвŮһϴûзı䣬ĬȻǸŮӣȻҪѵλݶóҲӦġ
ĬȻ˵ҪλĻ


486 ָŮ3
ô˲䣬֪Ĭ˵ҪģȻȴûԸͬĬܺãǸӺõĴһõδ
ѵһ˲ܹΣô꣬ĬŮװҲúܺã˵ǱҪĺúܶࡣ
Ĭҵôǲǻ뿪ҡ
뷨ҲһᣬԲᣬĬˣȡĬڴеĵλ
ʣûУ
оֻͬĬһˣ˵ʲôܽܣ
ѵһҪҵǾĬĺܺãΪʲôһҪһأ
˵һ˿ڣȻиҪŸͣҲ˵Ϊǵ뷨ΪʲôһҪأŮͬҲúܺã
ǰͺܺãΪʲôҪ
Ϊ̳˵⣬ĬȫȢһұǣ
ҺѾˣ˵ôֻ࣬һԭֻĬһˣôܲˡ
ĬŮװŵʱ򣬶һ˫۾ڷ⣬ĬǷˣԾڼŭ졣֪ĬʵһֱŮװ˺޲ϾȥݺݵָĬɣôô궼Ҫռλá
ֻҪĮ̆ˣôһ󶼻ύУϾΨһĶӡ
Ȼȶ˳ڷĬ˵̬ȾֱӰŵˡ
ҪЩѾĬסӵ˵ĬһƭӣֵκţǶǱĬƭˡ
΢΢һ㶣Ϊĸ羹Ȼҡһ˽㣬ȻָоҲǲӶ˼С
վһ˵úãŮĬ磬ѾߵĸһתĬ㶼Ϊ˲ٵĺ£ôΪԭͱ̳ͬңֻĬܰҴһӻԻ͵δôŮʲô𣡡
⻰˵˲˵˼֧ĬΪĬӺʣһܴ˵ļ顣
ãŮʲô𣡡
֧֧Ĭ
֧֧Ĭ
֧֧Ĭ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ǰһףɣԼҲô˲䱻ˣܺãĺܺá
Ǻεºܣܵõô˵Ŀ϶ô˲䣬ĬɸоԼۿʪʪģӷᣬͺʲôҪۿһ
ܶΨһû뵽ıĽǴҾȻ֧ԼЩĬǸжΡ
İҹȻҲΪĬܹõô˿϶ⲻҲ˵ĬΪֵãԲô׷档
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ܵİҹĵůһɣϲ¶һĨɵЦݣȫķˡ
ĬԼҲ벻һ죬Ȼõô˵Ŀ϶
ĲĬҪĽȵҶ˵
ĺܸˣܹõҵĿ϶Ҳ˵䣬ڣԲʲô˸ǡ
ܸô꣬õҵ֧֣ξ͵ҵ˽ɣҪԼ
˵ĬİҹʮָۣΧŸַɫһĿԣ̫ĻҪ˵ʱѾҪ̫ԡ
Ĭ뿪ңҪǣҪİҹһ
ĬĬԣô˲䣬ҲѾĬ˼ǵҪˣǿĬİҹ֮ĬģЩ˿Ŷůĸо
ΪңǿĬĺ
Ĭһˣǿ϶뾡һа취ǵǸŮˡŮӶԣϲܺԼϲһɡ
ô˲䣬ѾĻȴô˵ˡ
رĺѽĽ
ݺݵս˫ȭؿĬĬ㣬ĲҪҪ㣡
Ĭ뿪ңкôҴССе鶼ѹԼϣĳеΡ
˵ɥܲȥһ˦ȥôĶӡĬѾ˵⻰ˣӦֱӽеһС
ô˵ĻĬ㶼Ѿҵе氮ҸǶϣĬҸǣףĬĻ˶Уܾôܽܡ
ǵһģݺݵص˶Էһۡ
ȥ˵û˻㵱ưͣ


487 ¶ˣ1
бĬԼ˵ģƾʲôԼ˵⻰Ϳԣֵ˵⻰ʱͲԡ
ٶĲʣ죬ǿƵģǲ˵ԴԴﻹڰֹʲôײ
󲻸ʵؿһĬѾҪңڻռλá벻ˣĬǸЩʩʲôԻҩһǷһĬҪĬҲһͨ˰ˣ
Ȼһ˼עǵò˵ͬ
ĬΣѾѻ˵ĺˡ
ף֪ѽܣԲ𣬾͵Ĭ˽ҪԼϲ˼򵥵
Ĭһ棬͸ŨŨĶڴʱĬһ򵥵СŮˣִ֮ϣÿһŮΪʵԸˡ
Ĭϵ⣬ô˲䣬Ҳ˵κηĻ˵ͷãȻҪǵȻҲ㡣
ӶһӱŮ׵ľȻʲô֪ģ黹ݡҶѵӣ쵹Ҳˣһֻ̾ҪĬһкúõģʲôԺˡ
ǸˣⲻɿһֱվĬߵˡ
˱ֱվͷųһ˵ƣһܲµⲻһദˣȻеĵڿİҹĬʱ¶ᣬԷˡ
˿ˣ׶Է룬Ĭܷʲô飬˵۾ƭˡ
İҹڿĬʱһ˫۾ǻᷢһ͸ŨŨĳᣬ˲ɷˡ
ãȻĬҪĽףҸ
ȻİҹṼĬһƬ飬ȻΪףòʱõİҹһ
ʲô֣
İҹһ棬ǶĬأóǰ˾㲻ĬףȻʱΪĬ롣ĬҲǰҵԼļҡ
İҹģ㱣֤ṼĬһãİҹⱲӶֻһˣڲ֪ĬǸŮ˵ʱİҹѾ϶СŮˣڸӲı䡣
⻰
ʱ쵱ȻҲô˵ݺݵصİҹһۡ
ÿ˵һУĬԶĺӣҶӲܡ
ھİҹֻҪİҹκίĬ飬¶Ĭõĺܡ
ûĬԵʱûܼʱվĬѡԼҸ첻ᷴԣԶ֧ĬάĬ档
İҹ˿ûΪ̬ȶòˬΪ̬ȣӿ˵Ĭ̶ȣз˲ٺøС
֣صصͷס
ʱ˵һжĵģܷʲô飬춼ıе뷨һĺܺãĬףҲѾ֪顣
ǲΣѵͲܶĬչֳԼĳ͹ġ
Ĭиж߲ôҪ
ǸԼףĬпһİ˰ˣδˡĬףĸ״ʼվֻһˣǾ죬ı䣡
ףҺҹһúõģ
Ĭˡס֪ףȻһףĨԽÿˡ
ǰһĿ䵽Ĭϣȫõĸף
ãΪҲףԸҸúúã
һ֣ѾԼ飬ĸˣʲô׶ĬĿ϶ֵø˵ġ
ԼѾҪǲ壬жûĬƺԼһףתһмӣܲļ
춼ãԼⱲӶĬ³ƺԼһ׵ʱһбˣһԵҸȻ
Ĭİɸ
ӵĺӣⱲĽ
ãܺãܺã
ĬҲ뵽Լһ׵ĳƺȻõЧڵǺܺ


488 ¶ˣ2
ϱûʲôܿԣǿû˴ȥ
ϣĬŮװҵڹԼŮݣѾ㹻һʱܿѾһǡ
ǵҪίĬŮΨһ
ȻԺҲ᲻֪
Ҷ洫ϢĬȻվԼݣǿŮװĬ
ô˲䣬ҶѶе㲻ˣ֮ǰҶѾѾĬݺ˵ĬҲѾŵԼһݸ¶ȻڵĴʲô
ҶѲɺݺݵüǲͬĬݣǵЩδ֪ĿսΪ谭вȻĸĸ׵ģ뿴Լĺӹúúõġ
дһ̾Ϣ
ôҶѵߣȻܵһʱԼСеĵ顣
˵С㣬ĬС㶼ѾݣʵҲǺõģСվŮӣŮװһŮӶãǶҪ̫ˡ
ʵǻԼĬԼݣҲǲĬŮӣӣ޸Լϲˡ
һĬͲǶжɣĬ˵Ҳǲƽġ
䵱ȻףҶеĵģҲˡ
Ҷ΢΢̧ͷɫİŽҶƺпɰ¶֮˸ƵĹâϲˡ
˵ͷףǱĬİȫ֮ĲޣЩΪӡ
Ҷλ᲻֪ЩֻҪЩ飬оͷŲ
ĬֲϢϾҶҪȥǵ飬ƺ˺ܶҪȥͷ۵ˡ
ãͶ
Ҷͨˣǻ俴Ҳˡ
ĬСһûµģôҲʲô鷢˵ôһ飬С̫ˡ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷܾѹһ֪ᷢʲôȫģ΢΢üģˣҶ֪
ĸףҿԽ𣡡
Ĭ
ĬԼݵʱ֪ĸײͬ⣬ûиҶѹԼľֱˡ˶֪ˣĬԼΪԼֲĸһΪǲȡġ
һⲻСˡ
Ŀ⿴ҶѣС㣬ĬС㣡
ɡ
ĬһͬŵĻİҹԴӵ֮İҹƺͱĬϵһҼһĬȥİҹȻǺһӰ롣
Ĭ͵͵ؿһҶѵ飬ĸɫҲҶѴ˿̵ϲŭ
Ӧˡ
֮ܣȴǱԼڽҴˣǲǹˡ
Ĭһ̾Ҷѵǰ£档
ĸףԲĬ⣬Ұ鶼˵ˡĬ΢΢ԴԼΪ϶ҶѵĲͬĬôˡ
һĸ壬Լ˼뷨
ǶԷжǿĬԼһ԰ƾԼʵܶԷĬ޾壡ΪĻᱻ˷ʲôʲô鶼ŤŤʲô壡
Ĭ˸ƵĹâҶѣһǶͳͳʧֻҪĬúõģΪһҪѹԼеһС
ˡ
ĬҪѡôͲӦĸӦȥģֻҪĬÿľõ
ǻ˵еĵ飬˵ԼˣЩѾ˻Ĭһ飬ȻҲô궼Ųʡ
һɣüĽչĬɺݺݵһ
ĸܹףԼ嶯£ĬҲԷˡ
ĸףĬȻʧ
˭ĺӣ˭ԼĬҲɽҲǰο
ͷãããҷģһҪǵãСΪϡ
ţĬصصͷԺвɳһ˵Ӱɬ⿴ԼĸףҪҪ˵
ıİҹһס΢΢ҡͷĬᣬĻҲȥ
ʵĸףҲǺõİɣĬǰοԼ


489 Ҷҷƣ1
ֱҶסıԺĬǺݺݵһ⿴İҹ⣬ҹΪҪס˵ʵҶӦþҶҵ˰ɡ
Ҷصĳ֣ٵŮ˶Լƣһеһоͺһŵëţ˷ֲеͷȻĬǱƺɲǼ䣬ҵе
ҲڵĶԻ
Ĭİҹ۾֪İҹһ֪е׷ʲô顣
ԭǰԼⱲӶһǱߵˣԼһЦһĬոȷԼ֮󣬶ԷѾˡ
ôҶصĳ֣żȻǱȻҶҵѾ֪Ĵ
ĬвԸȥ˼ô࣬иףѾİȥ˼ʱ򣬶ǰ
ôżȻ飬̫ɺֻҪ˵һȻˡ
Ҳ˵ҶңĬս˫֣üģָʶعֻҶңǸˣ
ǸˣֱĬǵĳƺͿ֪Ĭ̬ȣϲҶҵˡ
İҹһ̾ô࣬ҶأҶҵĶС㣬ʲôؼ˵˼ߵʱ㣬ԲҪд˼
⻰˵İҹԼţӲ˵Ĭˡ
ĬҲ˵İҹڰοԼ̾ϢһҲá
ϣİҹ˵ûʲôҪ鷢ǾֻҪúõȥƽã뱻˴
Ȼ򵥵뷨ʱҲô׿ԴɵģЩѾ˸ı䣬ֻǲûпˡ
Ҷһ˻صҶҡ
ֻҪһ뵽ԼȻĬͺǱ˺ݺݵشһȭƫƫԼܻ֣ʹ
ô죬ʲôˣҪŹĬϢ
ŭһ˦еĶ﷢ʱ˭Ҳȥ״̬ҶأҪ֪СƢǲС
Ժ
µ˾һֶ˵´С飬ԼǸ޹ǣˡҪ֪ҶصƢɲǺܺãڱϿСܺ˵ʵȴҶ治ǺúŪģźѾһù
֡ƹƹҡصû˸ҹ˵ʲô
ǶվʲôѵС߶ź𣡡
˺ӺɫãȻЩԭӦڷźҶأȴͳһվܲ⡣
һɫεĶҶĿ⣬ɽү
ûҪȥʲôǶҶҵˣкʱʲôֱӳԼĴ
ҶҴүҶ裬ȻĸȻҶҵĵλȫҶص͡жףҶȶСҶظ֣һ죬ҶҽүС
ҶⲻͣȻҲԼõԸ񣬸ʱҶصľ
֣µˣȥɣҽȥ
õ⻰ʶ뿪ﵥҶãҲڿԺݺݵһˡ
Ҷ軺̤ҶסԺӣִˤϵԽѿš
ҶţвòϣҶõĸǺܺá
Ҷ貢ǵĸ˴ӱ𴦰һ˻ҶµжҶǼͱŮЩҲҪĸӶļá
ãá
һϣĸȻԸҶĺռҶҵĵλһ죬һҶҶύҶУȻԸ⣡
ЩҪǵˡ
ҶתͷջĿ⣬뿪
Ժ
ĽŲҶһֱ꣬ӰѶԷǲ֪ˡ
ȥﲻˡ
˵һƿʹӴ˳
ͨˣڶѾҶظԴͷѪˡ
Ҷ費һ˲ǣһ˳ƽס˿аƿвһĨͷ
ҶػĻƢ
һٴ̧۵ʱ»ָ֮ǰᣬƺղűɱǸ˲Լһ
˾ȡ
أ˭ˡ˺õҶٶĽڶº͵⣬һ˲ƽ
Ҷ΢΢еĶǡô¶һĨСŮ˵ɬһ죬磬ôˡ
һղŵ飬ˣ


490 Ҷҷƣ2
ҶַϵĶҶ¶һõЦݣƺղʲô鶼ûзһ
ǰһסҶĸ첲磬ʵˣ
ǰҶػҶĽŲѾվķԼûз֣ͿԿе֮
㲻ӦŬˣ
Ҷ趢ҶأɫĪ˵ҶƲסؼоԼͺҶĿ֮±ȫ˿һ߲ǽ˲˼
Ů˲һ죬ҶؾȻûȣһҶķȥҼСģȫ֮ǰһ׺ݵģͬ
ⲻи𣬻ң
ƽʱҶĻҲġ
Ҷƺһҵõİ취ȫÿ춼Ҷ裬ͬʱҶ軹ָԼֱˡ
Ҷ˵ȻõĽȻ⻹ҪҶ赽׸߲˽
һ˳§סҶصϸָӲרˡšϸָ޵طŮ˵ĺ󱳣ͺħһ֮طһС硣
Ҷػһ̯ˮҶĻУ٣ƺǴһߣš
֪ΪǲԵģЩһ֮󣬾ͬڣûа취ԴԴҪࡣ
˾ģ
ҶһĨ־ڱصõļᶨСĽҶѾһϰߣֻҪԼеĶһҪõ֣ȻҲһ
Ůǰ˵Ĳӣ˫ֻˣˣжƮɢŵϸ˵ζ㣬ջǰˡ
磬ϲ㣬Ҫ㣡
ҶرҶҵС㣬ǵĸŮҶү϶ȲλС㣡
ȻڵҶظʲôСķ緶һ糾ŮӣЩ绪¥Ĺﶼ˵ڡ
ҶԺɲΪԭȻڱҶزסҪȻǲܡ
һ§ҶصļǿŮ˵ԴԼļϣԣԺ
ɬڶǲԸġ
ʲô֪Ժ˶Ҹˣʲô۵˸ʱ
ҶԽ˵ҶԽˬˣҪˣҪһ
Ѿ飬ҶǺ֮ǰһѣκεѵľͲġ
ֻ˵ƯԻ㹻Ϊ
һССԺҶʱҲħˣȻҪ˶֪˽µĹϵһ죬Ժݸ󣬾һҶҶǵģ
ǸͲҪܻκˣ
ȻҶкҶ⻰ûоԺ˸ҽ
룬ǰŮ˷ϵͻȻ䣬ҶҲԼҶزһĵط
ԣȻ˵˹ˣ˿Ͳˡ
ҶԼοҶأем漸ּ٣ҲֻԼˡ
⻰ҶصĶȴҶԼĹģڵ
ҾҪ
СŮ΢΢촽ƲҶһۣˡ
Ҷһ࣬Ҷصļ򣬾ͺպһµСһ
أڻǹؼʱڣܱ¶Ȼˡ˵˴Ҷ࣬Լļƻгκһ⣡
ҶزСӣȻе֮Ȼһ˿ԸʵҲѾ˴롣ȴ˿¶ˮȵĴ۾һ˲˲ؿǰˣͺҪְͨ취һֱԷĵȥ
ȻҶصĵлҪҶ裬»Զأ
ߣڷңȻô˵ҶĺŮͺǻᷢһ
Ҷһ֮ǺҶСѾͷڻ뿪Ҷغĸķ֡
ᣬʧЦôڷ㣡Ⱳ䱦һ죬һˣҶģ
ƭ˵Ҷ⻰һ㶼ˣȫ˸ܲеĳ⡣
Ȼڵ밮еŮˣܶԷ˵ʲôʲôǶԵģ޵ֿȻҶص״̬ҶĻ
Ůصصͷţһ죬ǻһ˭ҲֹǣҶлһĨݣһҲѾԶˡ


491 Ҷҷƣ3
ôһҶضҶҵȨҲԽҶֲûзŮȨֻҪõûʲôǲܵġ
ҶصĸѩݿǴҶѵ˳Ҷ֣Ů˾ҶĺôûлסҶҡҶҵĵĸĸף
ȷҶѡʥŮϰףıѡгΪʥӺʥŮĺӣĸǵĸĺӣе̫Ͽ
Ҷһܵ˸õĴЩǱ붼ûа취ġ
֮ǰѩݾкҶ˵ҶƹҶңֻ˳ҶС㡣
ʱҶزΪȻԼСѾ㹻СŮˡ
Ȼһвô򵥡
ҶľܾҶǸܵȨҪԣֻеԼһеʱ˭ҵܾԼ
ҶһеһУͳͳԼġ
ѵõİ
Ҷ§Ҷصļ۵׿һĨİâ
ҶѩݹҶҵӡ
֮ǰҶѾ֪ˣӣĸĺӡ
ҶѶҶĺӣҶûʽƿҶңϵȨûж٣ڼ֮£ҪסҶѵİȫǺѩݳס
ҶȻҶѳΪδĵĸѪԵϵȴǼΪӣȻҶҵѪ档ҶΪ˱Ĭƽ޸죬ҶҲŹ
겻֮£ҶѸոĬ֮Ѿϵè̫ӣһкĬҶ˴ߡ
Ҷѻ뵽УͬģѩȻҲԼ⣬ԲԼɷ߻ŮĺӡѩͨСүؼҵҶˣڵҶ棬ΪҶҵĴү
ƺһж޷졣
Ҷ費ҶҵĺӣҲ㣬ѾΪҶҴүôܻ᲻ҶеһУֽԵ
ҶˣڷҶضԼĸ飬˵ջҶ֮ȻҲҪҶصӶöҶҵƿȨ
޿ˣڴ˿໥ӵŶԷȻȴǸԼС̣˭ʤһֻеȵŻ֪
ҶȻֻҪҶ̸ģѬĵˣΪصĵȻȨ
κⷢԼϣرҶŮˣֻεƿҶأиİѱѩݽ档
أ⼸춼ȥˡ
״ƺǺܹҶص
˵һ㣬ҶΪʵ顣
ȥĬ
Ҷزöͣƺ֮ǰһֱбܿĬ֣ǲҶػҶֶİ
ҶѰһӽҶ˴ߣһҶ߾ͲӦûжȻʵĬҡһ²⣬˵Ըŵ걻ѩݴĺӲҶӣĬĳ֣ԽԽʢòһЩ˵ļɵ
ҲҺҶ£лᣬ˹ĬϢ
Ĭ
Ҷɫһս˫ȭܿ»ָƺûа˷ϡ
ĬҶӣȻҶҵ͹ˣҶҲĬлȡԼ
Ŷˣô
Ƶ֪ˣҪΪҶ費ǰĬһͨİ˰ˡ
ܺãǿ󡣡
ҶضĬۣﲻϲĬҲòĬǿĵط֮ǰСĬ
⻰Ҷ貢Ϊ⣬ʱ򲢲ֻҪʵǿͿԸǵģʱѧ̽ƲǸĵط
Ŷ츳
Լϲ˵ȥ佱ϲˣҶȻǺҲö˵Ĭʵǿǧ֪Ǽ顣
ҶҾֻҶغҶھ͹ˣĬԶΪǵֵܡ
Ȼ֪
ҶôˣĬֻһƽӹ֮ˣĬܽҶҡ˵ڸǰˢһѺøжȣʺܺãֻжɱ
۵ײһĨɱ


492 Ҷҳӣƣ1
һʱ䣬ĬҲϵԼȻѾ˵ͷŴУвţҪôȥźá
һвΪ˷ֹĬҶҡ
Ĭ֪һ֮ԱǣûҪͨҶҵõʲô档
ȻĬ룬˾ͻΪ
ΪΪʳبŲĵ
ǰҶظãȻ˶Ѿ˸ԵϢ
ҲҶ뿪ʱ
ãأ㲻ģʲô⣬ú˯һʲô鶼ûˡ
ҶŮ˵Ķͷһǣת뿪
뿪ıӰҶȴǲһĨаȵЦݡܹҶȥˣҶػûļƣǾԲ᱿Ѿ顣
ⲻмĬĴѾҪģҶܺô顣
ǺǣϾ˵ҪĬֵˡ
˶ʶѺһ顣
ǸҪȷĬǲҶҵĺӣֻҪĬʲô鶼ûˡǲǣЩȫṹ⡣
֮ǰҶлǻĬǲǸͬĸĸ磬жвš
Ҷʲôļ壬ҶŮ˲᲻ס
ҶؾͲţ˻ôֿɵõĽǮλôһСط¾ҶҵһС檣ǱҵĸҪúܶ࣬οǶĺףŮһֱҶѡ
ĬҲ϶Ǹ׵ĺӡ
ȻҶؼĬʱ򣬱ˡҪһ֤飬Ĭ϶׸磡
ʵ̫ҶҼˣ
ȻˣĬԲ
Ѿͷˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ԼĸĿ⣬ĸ׿ȥᣬҶȴһֱĸײöԸ
ĸףҵȻˣ˼Ҷˣ
СŮģӭȥסҶѵĸ첲٣ེ촽
ܶʱҶضҪлԼѩݵŮԲܷʲô飬ĸ׶ԼܣҲֶԸԼ
ѩ磬ԼҶһŮһвΪŮһõ
ҲҺҶȻʱֲô⣬ʱѩݶǼΪĵġ
˵ŮԴлһĨ˼ղҶŮͼ֮ϵѩݵȻ֪ģֻҪŮˣҲùڷϡ
ĸף㶼֪ˣ
ҶһͣЩ˼ˣ֪ԼҶ֮䲢ûʲôѪԵϵڱУǵã˵ȥǶԼǶҶá
һĲɾĸײᶼ֪˰ɡ
ôʲôҲ֪֮Ĺϵ
ѩҶصĸףῴҶصĵģ̾һ֪ˣʱô֪ϵģİɣΪڣ˸˵ʲôκ˺ԼŮ
Ҷһɣ˾裬ѩ
ĸף˼Ҿ֪ˣҺ͸ûʲôĸףøô
ҶڿҶ軹ǲڸ涼ܹҶصҪ
ѽϲͺãҶ軹ԺҲǲԡѩݻһתݵǲһ㣬ԺһҶңƱҪһݵλġ
ѩƺһУҶڶʮǰµһöӰˣôԼıŮһ
ţһĸװžǡĸѾ࿴ˣ
Ҷһϳ˺棬ҶĻʹ
֮ͻ֪ˣҶ֮䣬ԣģΪﲻẦ㣡ŮǳΪҶʧȥǣѩݵҲԷĲ١
ǵȻŮ׵
ҶѩݵŮԴôܻΪһ˶һ֡
ϲҶ費٣ϲֶãҶظԸԼϵĶ
ƺһ뵽ʲôԼĸס
ĸףμĬӦǸ׵Ķӣ
ҶسŵѩݵȻҲ֪û뵽Ȼô˳һݡ
ߣԭµҶ˻һϣѵҪӷ̣ˣֻҪѩһ죬˭ҲõҶң
ã֪ˣСѾͷѾϢҶ˰ɣ飬˻Ǹż²ǲ֡
ĸŮ˽һȻ񣬵ȻʵʱҶһѣҲǲԡ


493 Ҷҳӣƣ2
Ҷͤ
ҶҶǱߵõȷϢ֮󣬱ѾԸȥķӿĬϣʲô
Ƕȥɡ
˻ߵˣɫĪĿ⿴һŵҶ裬򣬻ɢһ˵Ϣ
Ҷнţֲ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôźãݺݵһʯͷУһסǾء
һҶܹҶƺǸ׵˵ȻҲֻһҶҵĵҶ
ҶѾʮ꣬ȴ˿õϣ˵ҶҶֵҲ˻ɡףأҶ賯Լ񣬲Ҷֻ⶯˶ƺûпҶ˵Ĵһ
Ȼ¸Լһ裬һɵĲڿƮɢ
ǺţʱȻҶû˼ܲ㡣
ҶҶҲҳվһԣҶ𿪿ڡ
Ҷ輸ҪѯʣҶְ֮£ֻ֮Ϣģʲôˡ
վһߣôİ
ҶҲ벻ףԼҸΪλͻȻеסıԺֻҶҼ˵ŲܽǵĸҪԺҲҪȾͬܽڼȻ
Ҷнţһʱ䣬ﶼ֪ת˶ٸӣֿԣǻûһܹڵͳһ
һֱԼе뷨ҶԼݣܺúõҶңֻҪԼ飬鲻Ҫ룬Ͳʲô⡣
ףˣ
ҶˣȻ֪ᵽʲôʱŻע⵽Ĵڣòһ
ƺҶ迪֮Ҷע⵽ҶĴڡ΢΢ţ裬ʲôʱ򵽵ġ
ƺĲע⵽Ҷ裬ǿļҶ輴ԹҲֳҶ谲վһߣż˵İţҶûʲô飬Բн
ҶպеĻʣǻһʣϵĵ࣬вһĨ⡣Ŀ¿Ҷ裬Ŀ⣬ͺһѷļ⵶Ҷһ˶ױ¶Լȱݡ
ҶнŲѣѵѾʲô˵飬ԲŻеԭǰԼ﷢鶼ģƺʵ֮⣬ҶѾûκȤ
ȻʵϲҶһǿҵĸо֮ȻҪʮֹע
ɵãҶӽˣʵɵѹ
ţȥԺˡ
Ҷƺ˵ôһ׮飬ûķϡ
ѵҶĲ飬ȻҶ迴ĺĲ飬͸顣
ҶһͣѵǷԼҶصĹϵ
һ룬Ҷ뵽Щ飬ǲ˭ܲ˵飬ϿʲôһĵطȻʵѾʼ
һҶܿõĽͷʽ
صصͷǣҸոȥߡҶҲҶ˵ȷ֪˶飬ڵǶ˵粻˵ʡ¡
õĸ鲻
Ҷϵɫѿˣݺݵ˫ȭ˵ԺҲǾ԰ȫҶŮ˾ǲţڶˣ
ҵã֮໥ãӦ顣Ҷ赱ȻֱӾͳ֮䲻Ĺϵ
һ㻹ҶˣҶӣ鶼ģӲ˵ȥС֮ϵ
΢΢ͷѾͷմ֪ɡ
ǽҶҶҵ鷿ԭҶسҶң⵱ȻҪ飬ҶȻ⼸ҲûвСŵĹ涨
Ҷ΢дѾµһμԭ
΢΢˼Ƭ̣ش𣬡ǵģγ˼죬λ˲١ǴҶ˵ʽǺѻɶԷԷԼʲôΥ飬һõĺøģ
ҶֻǵƳҶһۣҶҶ֮ĸ鵽׺òãҶĿǷΧ֮ڡ
֪γȥ˭𣡡
ҶҪ˵飬ҶغҶѾԽԽˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣һɣԭ˵飬תתҲǺòûкϸ˵
Ȼ˵ҶȥĬȥˣǶʶҪס֪ĬϢ


494 Ҷҳӣƣ3
ҶȻƽʱʱٲиĹǷȨԲʾҶǶԼ﷢Щͳͳ֪̫˽̫ͨ͸ˣԲŻ᲻С
ͱ˵ҶֻҶҶ֮ĹϵѩڵƵЩ飬Ҷͳͳĺףǲ˵ˡ
Ŀ⿴ǰˣҶУҶ赽׻̫ˣӹ۾
֮ԻҶҶңռҶҴүݣҶҪи˵ס˵Ŀ⣬ǲ̫עҶѵϣȻҶѵĺӡ
ǶˣͲܹĺݡ
Ҷ裬ҶҲʮ˰ɡ
ҶһͣûзӦ⻰˼ʲôҶңҶһҶңһʱ֮Ҳ׼⻰еĺ塣ʶͷǵġʮˡ
Ǻǣʮˣ㲻ҪˣΪʲôվѩ׽ĻҪһУкú롣
ҶҪ˵ҪǿҶô궼ܹ˳ҶĴڣ֤ͬҶƽ
һ죬ҶӰĸҸأҶǵһǶֵˡնݳԲκλ
Ҷһףɫҵ֪ˣ
һǿҵڸԼѾʲô֪ˡֻ˵ô꣬˲ͨ͸ģ˵İϷȻֻǰվһߣʲô˵
Ǳ˶ļƣ
ʱ򣬾ҶжһǿҵĿֻţĲ֪ҪʲôźˡǲѾ׼Լ
顱һҶֱ˫ŵأһƵҶġҶпĺҶҶΪֲĴڣǲ⣬ֻǻûеȵҪֵʱ
ҶݺݵҡͷҪ˵ǣڣҶֱӴҪ˵Ļ
ˣҶ裬Ǹˣ֪Ҫʲô飬ʲôǲӦɡҶһҶ裬˲ҶֺȫԼܿƵһ
ףҴˣҲӦúĸ̫ҹ˸׵һϣ
ֱҶҲԲܳԼǿҶҵһУԲŻᶯ˻˼
ҶڶĲĵѩԼǸӣҶ𲢲֪顣ȻҶԲӲܣҪ֪ѩ͵͵ĺӲҶĶӣ
ȻҶ赽׻СҶ
ǺǣҶǸĺӣҪΪƾѩݣܸҪһС㲻ҶĶӣ
ҶȻֱ˵һ仰ҶѾŵ̱ڵϣʲô˵ֻɵؿҶ
㣬ʲô֪ˣ
ԭΪҶʲô֪ǲŸ˽ЩȻⶼǽҶʲô֪¡
ʲô֪ȴСһֲϳ飬붼úЦ
ʵֲ̫ˡ
ңҡ֪ˣҡ

ֱҶ趼֪Լô鷿߳ģŲ鸡˫žͺ񻹲һʲôɫ԰ס
ԵĻҶڶϣԼϲһ˫򣬳״Ҷҷɳȥ
ҶǿԼʲôʵмＸҪ˵ǴȡõҶҵĵλúõռүλãþ֡
ȻǺ£ҶףԼѾҪȥǲܵˣоֲѡ
ڱȴҪֵ
ڼ֮ҶѾȫ׺Ҫʲôˡֱһǿ̫̫ˣκη˼˷֮⣬ʲô鶼ˡ
ҶеʲôȻҶҪ飬»ָ˰ͺղʲô鶼ûзһ
΢΢ͷǰ࣬۵׵ļ˲ʧһ̲ˮ
ʱ˿Ҷһᾪȣ⵽ǲҶ벻ҶҲôһ棬ƺҪһ綼ڻһ
ָظŵŮ˾գ۵ǻ˼
ѣЩúǵĺӻҶԲ㡭
ĬһһʱϳϵŮˣԼĸҶѣ
ȥҶûǹҶѣŮ˾ͺѾһ㣬Ѳ˵ִԡ


495 ҶҶࣨ1
Ҷ𱻱ΣеһΣڻصҶ֮ڼ˵ļ֤£Ҷѩݳס
ҶֿŮԶֻһҶѣ֪Լ뿪ʱҶѵĶѾԼĺӡҶҶѵʵһչ˺ǵĺӣȵԼ˽֮͵һʱȥҶѣ
Ȼܶ鶼ôףҶոִҶңϵȨûж١ټҶ֮Իѡ¼Ҫһ㣬Ҷ˺ص⣬ò¼άȶ
ҶȻҶҵļ̫Ҫһûע⵽ʱ»ҲʲôӣշҶҲ
⻼ҶõȻǲá
Ψ˼Ҷѻǵĺӵʱ򣬶Ҷ˵Ƭ̵İҸǸҶ𲻶ŬܶȥĶΪ֪Ҷڵ
ȻһоҶ𿪵һЦе鶼չĺܲ˳
Ҷ𲻵ò¿ǣΪҶѺǺӵİȫòǿеʹҶѾײϵҶѣƺѾôһŮ˵Ĵһ
ȻҶǶôŮˣڸԼҶȻϣŮҲѾõľ
Ҷѻ֮ѾһˣһӵĸףΪĸǿΪԼĺӣҶʲô鶼
ۡ
ҲǶˡ
ҶѳɹŶĺӣ޸죬Ϊҵĵĸ
ȻΪʱĿ˵Ạ̊́ܲҶдûа죬ΪĬݣҶ˵ע⣬ҶԼĸ顣
Ȼȴһ㶼⣬ΪԼİŮһ飬֮£һж˳
ʮ»̥Ҷ˳ӹҶ˵׷ɱ˳ĬȻĬ֮һ˱˵ע⡣
Ҷҵ˵׻ǳˡ
ҶѼ޸ˣѾҶ𳹵׶Ͼ˹ϵǵȻҲ̫ίҶѣټҶѾΪĸݣǲܶҶա
ĺӣҶҵĵһӣΪѪͳԣҶ˵ȻҲҪߺӵġ
ҲҺҶѴһϵǰһ׼һӤĬҶ˴߰ɡ
ѩΪĸ˸ַʽǳɹҶˣȻҶ߾ȻŮ˵ĺӡѩԼʵһλ˺ӣҶҳֵĴүȻͱڵҶ衣
еһУҶ𶼿ֻʲôû˵ˡ
ЩҶ̲˵ƴԼʵڰһҶеȫüɵκˡ
ˡ
µŮһڵ̧ͷҶƺԼ࿴һ۾ǶԶԷһֲء
Ҷ΢΢̧ͷ䣬Ҳղŵᣬȥ
ѪһϲȻ˵ҪԣǲҶңʵԱҶǿܶࡣѪҶһִ֯һʵȺֻҶһˣȫҶ
һĹ֮ˣеȻףҶеλ˭ֻĬҶĺӣ
ǣѪȻṼ˵ĺ
ܹȥòĲˣϢѪ֪Լжˡ
ȻҶҷһУĬͳͳ಻֪飬ȴѵþ׵СԵĻϣԶǵߣԶͣ
ĬİҹҲҶ̫ʱ䡣
ɸ봫š
ĬŸȡϢ۵ײһĨţȥɡ
ʱֻ˭ɸ봫ţûʲôҪ飬˶֪ԼңšټϾڣˣŵŸ󣬿ֻʲôŸɡ
΢΢üģŸ봫СֽĬɫһ飬ֽϵݣ۵״ŨŨĻ𻨣ȻѾŭ˼£
İҹӺ߹סĬģвһĨġ
ôˣ
ĬһƽеŭתͷϵõϢİҹϹˣ
Ϲ
İҹ΢΢Ȼ᲻֪Ϲ𵽵˭ĬΪһĵģİҹȻҲò
ȻİҹиʱǺĬƽЩʱ
֪ĬϹ֮䲢ûʲô飬Ĭѡ
ȥһ𣡡
İҹذĬŵĬҪȥʲôߡ


496 ҶҶࣨ2
ĬһòпһԼˣסİҹ֣лл㣬ҹĬҪԼǲǰȫ磬ԲŻôҸҸĪһԼ߰ɡ
ԭĬѾָŮټҸʲôվĬԵƺô˲Ļƽ¡
Ĭİҹ˵ĻѾճ̣׼Ⱦһλ֮еѵ˾μӻҪȫ綼֤ǵҸ
֮ǰĬ֤Ӻܿܿ˵ĻвŨŨڴɵҲҪˣҪԼϲһ
ȻǵĻ¶Ѿʼ𽥲ٰĬȴ׼뿪ȥˣƲ˭鶼ò
Ȼİҹȴվһȥˣûһ𱸡
ĬһİҹԽǶôãĬо͸ӹⲻȥİҹ۾ҹʵǿȾл֮ȥӪϹӦҲü
İҹ΢΢ҡͷĬԼףĬҲĲϹҲǺܺá
ΪĬ᲻ĬѹӲĬκһhźǵĻ²żе鶼ȶ֮ĬҪףİҹȥס
ȥѣϹĺֵܣǵĻûĳϯȻҲһź̫ࡣҪ߸˵ģ
İҹᣬص˵ĬԴȻѾ˾
ĬֻԼǻԡů֮£İҹԼ⡣
ллҹлл
ȻǧĬڵ߾ֻʣһлллл⡣
Ĭ֮ǰȻ˵Ⱦл֮ȥӪϹȻʵӹϹ
ϹǶôҪǿԸѾֲȥԲȡ
ɵ֮䣬Ҫ˵ʲôллġ

Ĭڼ֮ô죬ôô뿪ˡӺܿܿ˲Ǹոմ鲻ãŨ⡣ӻкܶҪĬ˵ģʲôûü˵ڣĬǵ뿪ʱ
Ĭصһӵļ
ˣĬⲻǻ飬ܲܰĬĬϵᣬģֵҲʱúþ۾ۣܿܿסӵļͣҪ˵Ļ
Ĭлʵ֪ҪôͣҲҺܿܿԱ˵
ӣܿܿ˴飬Ѿ͹ȥһˣǷ޶˶Ҫúദ໥⣬һʱ˵кϢҪˡĬ΢΢ɫȻָľܿܿˡ
ܿܿһ죬Ĭôһ˵Щ˼ˡ
ûʲô˼ĵطүôҪߵʱ򣬶Ĭ¶һõЦݣ˳ת˻⡣
ǸðһŬģҺܿܿ˶ӦкˣʱĬͳҹӵĸɵһٲ˵ġӺĬ˵ͲҪ̫飬ֱĬļ򣬡˵ģĬͳҹ˵ĻҲӦȷˣǶźϲˡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷҲҺ֮ǰİҹĻ£Ҳһ˵˵ûк˵
ڱӵ飬Ĭ׻Щ˼ģվԼİҹһ⡣
λҺҹ׵ʱ򣬵ʱһ
طʱǴҴңܿ𣬷ַֺϺϣĹɡ
ڣѾȷ˷Ĭûκԥĵطϳǵķȥ
Ϲȣ˵Լ˾޴鷳һ˶Ǳȥ͸ϢǺܷ㡣ҲǺòײŵõŸ룬ȥźš
Ϲ𣬾ϹڵʵȻԷϹļˣжȻźܶ鷳顣
֮ǰĬ鷳εϹйأĬòһ˻ˮ
ϳǣϹڵϹϳ֮С
ϳƫĽһУĿƣΪϳǵϹһС
Ĭİҹȥĵطϳǡ


497 ϳǾˣ1
ʲôˣվס
Ĭİҹ˳ϳǣֱӱϳǵһ׺ݣǲĬ˽С
ĬмǹϹİΣǱ˸ڳſڣܺõ͹ˣսĺ콣
·ߣ
дŨŨɱվĬߵİҹܸܵĬڵǺܺá
Ĭ·ǵĿľǾˣڶû˽ϹԲǶֵĺʱŪɳ׾
ĬһеȻҲİҹĵصصͷʾԼס
ֻİҹسŵ˵ǣĽҪͶϹ塣
Ĭ鲻ãôܻͶϹңڵȻҲ˳ϹңܸõȥϹĽǵҪôźá
Ȼ⻰سŵûоʲôĵطһȻڿĬİҹʱлһĨŨŨͲм
ߣﲻģϹͶ
ϹֶңͨյܵӰ죬ȻĻϳҲţƽʱʱϳΪ߾һǣȴҲǼΪֵġ
Ĭİҹ˶һۣŶȥӲ˵ǽȥϹˡ
ţ
һȣĬİҹʶתͷȥһָоԷǽת
ȻӭɱһŮ˾µմӳ̽ſš
سһǹС㣬š
ϹС㣬Ϲ䣬˵ϹãԴϹ𱻱֮Ϲ䶼Ѿ֪Լ˶ٵطĴҪӪԼĸ磬ȴһЧûá
Ĭ΢΢ǰһϹС㣬ĬҪݻϹ֪ϹСɷи㡣
֮ǰпĬվڳſڣϹ΢΢һ㶣⿴ĬķĬ
Ĭ
Ĭ΢ĪǰС㻹ʶԼɣѾڣȻûиĿڵĻᣬ֣صصͷǣĬ
ϹϸһĬȷԷû˵ѣ΢΢ͷ㣬Ǻһǰɡ
ҵѣرݷøסϹسǽʿĽͣһ仰ͲĬжǰŮӶ˼ֺøС
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Ĭİҹ˰
ϹƵᣬƺʲô⣬ȵ˶ƿǲʵĬ˵֣˵һӪ벻ˣ
Ϲ˵⻰ʱҲ̫ĸп⼸춼ѾǲԼҹ˰æǶһһܾˡʱĬİҹ˵ĳ֣ͺһһƵģеǳ˺ܶࡣ
ĬҲܲµһЩҪġ
ϹС㣬ϹãϹʲô˵ҲǺϣϹС㾡֪
ĬϴԵĵģǽϳǣҪ˽С
ϹݺݵüģҡҡͷʾԼҲǺ
ʵҲǺȻص壬ö˶ѧʵǿ󣬸ȥѧԺȴ뾳ѧ˶յ˼үүزϢԲŻæϻؼ塣
ӦǱһص壬зʲôҲǺȵһصʱ򣬸ȴǱ˵ͼɱүү֣
֪һǸģҪ֪ڼУүүãүү֮ǰﶼֱӰϹҽ磬ֻǶܾˡôܻɱүү
˵ʲôҶŸᶯ˺үүǵȵһصʱ˶ָɱүүҪȥǾͺһ취ûС̫ûˣ֮ǰǸ籣ңֵȥʱȴʲôûа취
Ϲ˵ЩʱѣСŮ˺ݺݵ˫ȭʹ಻ѣָ԰ףͷųһʹ


498 ϳǾˣ2
ĬͨϹдҲѾµһϹǱ˸ӵˣЩ˵ĿĿ϶Ϊ档
ϹԭϹ֣ϹҪϹҽϹеϢ϶ֻϹһ֪
ϹжϹҵȨƲ⣬Ⲣʾ˾ͻϹܷϵȨ
һϹ谭Щ˵ĵˣϹݺϹΪɱϹˣһϹȫʧȥƿϹҵĿԡ
ãˣϹСģһ취Ϲһף
Ĭһ֪Ҳˣܶˡ
ϹĬѣҪϹ֣ҲҪĬͬͬ⡣
ֻҪݺܻºۼֻҪϹûκο飬;Բ£ܻˮʯһ졣
İҹһ˼Ƭ̣ʵôϹСɷһϹҵϹжЩʲôˣǵĸֵܽãЩԽϸԽãҲǽһ飡
ĬһİҹҲһʱ϶ǹԢξΪϹڲȨų
ǿϹ𣬾ͱǸˡ
Ϲûİҹ⻰˼΢΢һʲô˼ЩҪʲô
ɵϹҲŨŨľ裬Ȼ׼ĬǹϹڲϢŮ˺ݺݵüģǲӦþ취ҸȳȻһᱻЩ˸ģ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ܾŮʲô⣬һеͺȫһţһôҲеͷ
ϹС㣬ǵȻҲΪӪȳϹǰ˽һҪϹϵϴɾõѡ񡣡
İҹĬĸ첲ֹĬҪ˵ĻĬİҹԼʲô΢΢šüʲôû˵
İҹϹ΢΢ͷðɣϹС㣬ҺĬҲǸոյҪôϹӪȳҪһһ£ǽϢһ£ԵĻϹС԰æϹһ档
ںԣֻϹЩˣ˵ЧӺá
Ĭصصͷôողžû뵽
ԣϹС⻹ҪˣǺϹһ档
ϹϴԵΪѣƺǿǵǹغԼҸ飬¶ġ
ãǷģһ취Ϣһ취Ǻ͸棬ԼɡʱҲˣѾкܳһʱˣҲòȥˡ
ãһлҪ鷳ϹСˡ
ȵϹ뿪ĬתİҹҹղΪʲôҪֹ˵ȥǿͨϹߣ˽Ϲڵ
Ϲù֮˭Ǹܵˣʮа˾žݺϹˣֻҪ˸ץǵȻҲ˺ܶ鷳顣
İҹ΢΢ҡͷĬļˣϹȻϹãҲţҲϹҵˡ
Ĭһͣѵ⣬ⲻɣ
ΪȨʲôǲܷ顣Ĭеļ壬ǮλȨʵ̫ˡİҹһǿҵĸоϹ飬ϹҲѲϵ
ĬҲ˵ʲôĻΪİҹ˵ʵ̫ȷˡ
ټΪȨֵУɱ̫ˣѾˡ
ĬвԸǲòͷʾס
жϹ˵ĻҲŨŨĻɣǵȵϹ˵ɣܲ˭Լ֪ɡ
жԼĿǣ˭ŻõʤһͿ˭ʤһˡ
ĬŴķ羰Ⱥƺʲôĵطϳǰնԣ˭ƿУҪǵ飬ⶼӰǵ
ҹɫĨɫӰڳд󣬾ͺһһ֮ȫʧڴǰһӰˡ


499 ϳǾˣ3
ϹҵɺһͺʲôӱƮоţʲôõĶϳûɡ
վߵһ۶ֵܣղûпʲôȥˣ
ΡΡҹ磬ֻëȻҲҺʱǶһˣȻҪµˡ
ݺݵһ¶Է򣬡㲻֪ǻ˵İʲôˣô˻˭
ݺݵشһٵĺҲ⣬ŶԷ⻰΢΢һϰοԼһ۾ˣ϶ʲô˾
ţղûпӰͷƮ໣һۻˣ
ۻˣˣҶҪŵˡ

ĶԻͲĬİҹԤϵõȻ뵽͵͵ǱϹȻᱻŵϳûĹ֣֪žĬİҹ˵ҲЩ
Ĭİҹ˲֮ǰϹĻ˽ϣҹ̽Ϲľٶ
˭Ϲ𱻹ҪȥϹҲַֻʽȻֲ˵ע⣬Ĭİҹ˵õѡ
ҹȡ
ϹһڴǰҶɯɯҹһƺԵñ
Ҳ뵽ԼλؼҾȻ顣
һжΪϹȨȻֶϹ˵ȴĶϹ𲢲ϲϹңԼ̳˼ĵλͬʱĻмΡ
ϹԷŵһȫȥЩԼ붼ͷ۵飬붼Ǿÿ¡
ȻЩȴΪݺԼΪ˳̳мλãǾȻүү֣
Ϲܽܵ顣
Ϲһǰƣ鲻õʱ򣬾ƶ˿ơ
ʱĬھͺˣҲ֪յҵϢûС
򲻵ѣϹԲȥѰĬæ֪ʱĬİҹһȻҲһζΪĬĺѣϣܿĬҸ
ȻٲĬĴڣ
Һ߶ң𣡡ĬϤӴϹ΢΢һ㶣˼ĿͻȻԼǰĬǾȣĬô
ĬһϹ鷳ˣüչģǰľȫһвݺݵһҲҺԼ磬ȻϹ𻹲֪ᱻĥʲôӡ
Ǻǣô㲻ǺҪҵӣǿϧˡһҪҪһƺȣ֪ԸԸ⣡
Ϲλ᲻ӭĬϹң˾Ĭˡ
֪ĬڶԼ棬ô˲䣬ϹԸо٣޲ǰһݺݵرסĬӵ
ȻϹܣ
ϵľƺĬӹȥŵҪƣȻˣҺһ
Ĭ˳ƽסƺü΢΢оƺȣйȻܴ
һ
ֱİҹϹע⵽Ĭ󻹸һˣвһĨȣܿǷӦʱĬһֱǺİҹһĬȻϳǣİҹûе
Ȼһɣƺͨʲô
ȻѵҲĬĸлİʦһһ
ϹЦɣƺûΪİҹͻȻֳ֣κβһĵط
ҹֻǵƣ̸κ飬Ҳһʱûм棬ѵõΪһЩˡ
ֱĬľǳģټ֪İҹ飬õĺ飬Ҳ˵ѵõķһΡ
΢Ĭһ˫Ưһ۾ͺǻᷢһпİҹĻ΢΢˫ۣŲõĹâ
ҹôͻȻˣôÿ
ĳƵС˻ȻԼΪʲô׵ĵط߸׼ȷ˵Ĭ֪Լ⵽ֱӺϹĴڡ
Уֻһİҹѣ


500 Ĭˣ1
İҹҲǺƢذĳ˲ֵצӣ۵ǻĳ磬ˣĬˣĬϵľƺһߣתһѾȫסϹ΢΢ͷĬȥǻϹʱϴϵԩ
ϹʶͷǸİҹķԸ£ãû£úչĬͺã߻ŵס
İҹٶԣתСŮˣɫ磬С§סĬļ򣬰һ˴УŮ˵ϡ
һǡ
ˢһʧҹĻС
Ϲ̾һ뿪ķ°Ŀתǽľƺƺĺ˺ܶࡣ
һһξղĬİҹΪλʲôû¡
ȻǰľƺȴڲϹһвΣĬָ⻹ŵ£Ĭϵ¡
Ϲһ̾ĬİҹһˣҲûκܹ谭˰ɡ
ϹĬİҹԼİҹ١Ȼۿ˵ദģʽ֮Ϲ־Ϲҵⷬ飬һ˶ǵõڸ鵹Ҳû˶ٷŲڡ
ֻҪĬҸá
ߡ
İҹĬ˿ջһ·Ĭǰİҹһ顣
ʱĬƽʱ࣬ذİҹĸ첲˵ʲôԸɿ˵˵ǰСŮ˸˷䡣
ȵĬڴϣİҹǳһͷϸ
ǰŮԼϲŮˣĬͺʲô֪һһЩĶȫ԰İҹƷ衣Լ˵жӰ
ˣĬԣǺú˯ˣһжȵ˵òã
İҹ֣ᷢԼʱ򵽵жôᡣ
ͺպŲĺһӲ᲻ôҲ᲻һ۵ĥɡ
˯Ҳ֪һϴ̼Ĭ񾭣һסİҹĸ첲ݺݵҡͷҪҲҪ˯
⧲İҹ벻ĬȻôվȣĳСŮͻȻŰһ˶˴ϡ

Ĭݺݵصɴ˫ۣƾĥĴѾûа취תˣգգʹ۾ǰİҹűŴĿĺ촽滹İҹϵ¶ȡ
Ƿʲô
Ĭ΢΢գգ۾ҪָѣҪ˵ʲôȻİҹĳ˻ᣬ籩ϮϸǿĬֻǰˡ
ԭЩҪѵСŮڿǰ˭֮һȫƽ˲ɵһһ
§ס˵ĲӣԽ֮ǣҪһЩٽһЩԷƺҪѶԷȫ§ԼһҪռжԷ

ĬһɾԼһǷˣİҹ֮ͷˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱĬͷɢСŮһСһסİҹ˫ֻסԷĲӣԼǡ
ˣһǽҹɫ̫ĬоԼͺܵջһ޲ðԼȫȫ͸İҹԼģҲģֱ˴ˡ
İҹ񾭽»ݣңǰСŮԼⱲҪ谮ŮˣҪõһжͳͳ͵ǰ
Ĭ
ѹֵӺ¶һ˲˲ضǰСŮˣƺҪѶԷؿ衣
Ĭİҹգգ۾Цˣͷ۵Сңİҹĺ󱳣Ҳ֪ԼҪʲô
źߣ֪ѽĬİҹҵҹ
СŮѤɲǼ䲻ɻİҹ۾һ䡰ҵҹͺǹһֱӴİҹĵס
ţԭ§Ĭ˫֣ץסڱҵ֣Ĭ˫ָѹԴϷ
ĬԸоƲ΢΢ེ촽ſң
ⶼԼھҪˣ
ô׵飡
ţĬ𣡡İҹݺݵصЦݲõŮˣĬ֪Լڵʲô


501 Ĭˣ2
ĬƳһİҹֲ֣˶ֲ෴ھƾ£ĬԼˡѵĸܵԼİҹİϲˡ
ȻԲȱеϦĬȴǲţԼİҹĸھô֮󣬾Բı䡣

ϵСŮ΢΢СԴҪԼܾİҹӽһЩü΢ûҺѣûôѹˣ
СŮסİҹĲӣúʵжиղİҹԼۡ
ôİҹҪҪһ棡
İҹɺݺݵššüģĬûа취ûһ˻˵Լˣ
Ĭǳ˳飬ǷԼҹȻҲôĬʱٺ˾ӡĬ֪ӲҪ˾ӸƳ޵Ǳʡ
úúã˵˾˰ɣҾҪˣĬһСŮһͷɫīɢ磬ɵ·Խ͸һ޾˵ζסİҹļ򣬡ҪҪһ𣡡
İҹһĬ˺ü䣬Ȼһ۾ĬаȵЦݣиûʲôùǵġ
ãҺһ𣡡
ǲࡣ
õĸĪˣǰЦ֮ҲһЦɵ
ᣬȾһĨζ
Ĭţ㲻ҪڣҲкڵĻᣡİҹ§ĬļѣԷʲôڵĻᡣ
׼ˣ
ĺ˺ܶʵҲȻǣڻ·ϴһӵ磬ϵľҲѾɢ˺ܶ࣬ʱĬֻҪԼһΡ
ʲôżԸ룬ֻҪİҹĻͺá
Ҫ𣡡
شȻǲҪõˣֺαΪһЩС¶ԼıԣҪñ˴˸ܶԷһԶҪֿ
ξҹܳŮ૳ҹ
Ϲҡ
Ϲ΢΢üģĬǴϳǣʵԼȷǶԻǴ
Ů֣īŨڵīֽ֭ϣ˲仨һȴѿСڵ㡣
Ĳдó֡
Ϲһ˽üĲĽˣҵҪʲôֱӳͺã
Ϲ⻰ĨԽ֣˵⻰˼𣬻Ҫ֣˵λ˻ô;þˣܰʲô
㲻ܶǶ֣ǿɶѧԺѧǵĿʲôҶҪ޹
סϹϸĿǰŮˡ
һһ˵Ϲ䣬ˣ
һӱ˽Ҵĵ׵С˼Ůһţƿǰˡ
ûУ㲻Ҫ˵
ѡôʱ򣬾ѾװԼĳˣﻹʲôڵĻᡣϹǸŮˣ֪ôǶԼõĽ
ǺǣûãǺڣҲ·ߣ
˵һЦˣЩ˿ͺãİɣҵ˵ͳͳ㣬ʲô١
ã
ϹݺݵģʳһֱҪʣȴһֱûʳڵ⡣
׼Ϲô죡
ϹϹĸ磬֮з磬磬ϹĺݣȴҲȫϹ
㲻Ƕ˶Բߣ˲ǺܺõӣİɣϹ𲻻ʲôΣա粻ǣôܻĶ֡
ҪĲϹȨ飬˳Űˡ
Ϲ仳ɵؿһǰˣֻ֮ѡš
ȭⰵüס˵Ļ
ǵȻôƭ㣡
ҹкܶȻķչתǳ٣һж֪


502 Ĭˣ3
ʯ檵έέ˿ʯתơ
ĬҲ֪ԼôͻȻ뵽ôһ仰һֱ˵˳Ѥã˫סİҹĲӣ΢ȫ۲ѣȻֱӵкӵб˵ĸоȴôɢ
һҸĸоȻһ㶼ίССĿջӴҲֱ˴ˡ
Ȼ
İҹ΢΢ϻԴһĨı飬һְ§ĬϸǴδе֣ء
䣬²㡣
İҹĬĳŵǵõ£ʧȥߵŮˣҲĵĺڰɫԼвɫ⡣
ţ֪
Ĭǻȥ֮ͳװɡİҹѾƲסҪȫ棬ĬԼŮˣֻһˡ
Ĭĸ첲սһ˶ȦίĬԭǵĵһӦûã
Ĭһö˵Ѿµİҹʲô
İҹʲôӦһѹİҹϣӸ¿ǰˣгɹİҹԼˣĵðŨŨĻϲһƯС
İҹţҵģûʲôίҵģ
СŮ˰ģ΢΢Դ¶µ°ͣƺҪȫ档
İҹһ᲻ףĬ˵⻰ĺ塣
СŮҪԼֻªĿջҲûиоʲôίΪµֻռ
ĬаԵͷİҹѾ⻰ĺ壬۵װ⳱ӿ
ΪԼϲˣԲ⡣ΪĹϵĸ޵ƲסҪͶԷһԶһ
ô˲䰲ƺֻˣҸͺá
İҹ֣Ů˶ǰɢĳᣬɫһ̶Ȫ޾ջĬ˳ſȥݡ
оȻɾãУҲûʲôõĵط
ůů
Ĭ΢΢ΪӪϹ飬֮ĻŲˡİҹʲôû˵е׻ǻ⡣
ãǻȥͳףô죬ѾȲҪȢˣĬüһʳָİҹ°ͣԺų׵ˣ۵ײɴŨŨڴ
İҹ΢΢ҡͷ紺绯ѩһ㣬һ̾Ȣš
أҲûжٲȢҾȢˣ
Ĭһʱ֮ûܹȫԼ˵ĽǶȫת
һҹ࣬߶߶󽥽ָƽ
ȻİҹĬ˵ҹƱػΪǽûа취ǵһ죬ȻϹ˵ûôֵø˵顣
ҹɫ
үʱ䲻ˣѾʰˣҲϢɡŮ
ϹִƱתͷŮ毺õգؿϵĹĺۣ΢Ϊʲô뿪ңұ㡣
Ҳû뵽ϹͻȻ˵⻰лһĨŨŨɻ
ΪʲôҪϹߣû⡣
˵һҪһش𣬴Ϲ֮󣬰бѾ϶˰ɡ
СŮ΢΢죬Ȧ죬ٵﻹߣһϹ֮ǺߵشԴ
Ծʼ죬ΪΪү˰
ϹЦһȻôЦԭ򣬿ڿŮӵϹȴû˵ѡ
΢΢ҡͷҾ㱾⣬㲻Ϊ鱨кܶҪίˡ
Ϲ⻰Ů˰С˲ҰײҰףŵĿϹҡͷҲҪ뿪үˣҲ뿪үһҪ߰䣬һ˿֮
СŮ˴˿ȴֳȫһļǿͳȣƵдŨŨļᶨеһжڸϹġ
Ϲڤ粻СѾͷҲһ취ûС΢΢üģĿ⿴Ű䣬ûи˼Ҳˣڼ⣬ҿҲᱻЩ˺
Ϲ𵽵ײÿΪԼԭܵƽĴ
ڰ䲻ԼƯŮȫиӵ
һۼȵĻϹҵĴү˳ļ̳ˣȴͨ˵硣
ս˫ȭ֪ϹΪԼԲҪ֮һĶصս˫ȭ
ҲߣֻҪܸүʲôҶˣ㣡үҲԲκ˺鲻ǣͷϹȴǱСѾͷ
Ϲһʹ΢лɫȻмᶨܷʲô飬뿪Ϲ


503 ǳװ
ٴζϰ֣ص⣬ϹȴǲһЦ˳һıúÿһ˶ǼΪᣬѾõǸˣȻԼȴûзְˡǸԵ˺֮ǰѾߡ
ϹԼȷܲӹǰѹأ鷢̫ͻȻͺһ˲䣬˶ıм
ᣬǰϵõĶԼ
ŮʶϷ죬ÿķ˸Ų۾
䣬ƽ£Ǿͳװɡ
ʲô
Ůһ˲˲ضϹÿһַֿ⣬ϵһ֮ͺ˼׹ģ˼
Ϲ΢΢һЦǰһ˵ȵ֮Ǿͳװɡ
ѵʱʲôߵŮǰ䣬Ϲʲôεģõѡ
飬Ϲһҹ֮ˣԭо飬ʵôҪĵġ
ͻȻףϧǰ˲ΪҪġ
ذϹ⻰һǧһţӵĿϹ۵״һĨŨŨľϲһĨκͿܣ
ŮҡͷôԣҾһСѾߣү㲻ҪҿЦˣҲܽܣ
ʲôүѾߵģõģϹã΢΢ͷźɫǿգǰ俴׵ɫ
ܴ̼ˣ
һֱǵãϹ֮仰벻ĬһǺĬİɡôܻͻȻ뵽Ҫأ
ϹһƵˡ
үˣ΢΢˫ۣȥԼĶʲôӦԼͷ
ϹǼƣԼٺϼ
΢΢ҡͷǹһĨǳЦ⣬ʡ
ûѣ䣬ġӹһ٣ϴϵԩǾͳװɡ
Ϊʲôң䶢Ϲףǲ⣬УϹкܶõѡȫίϡ
ΪֻĶҺðϹԭͲҪͨȹԼλˡ
һˣһΪ飬һΪҪҪȢǳڶԷݺ͵λ
䣬ڿܻûܺܰ㣬ڽʱһѧŰ㱣㣬Բκ۸㣡
ϹĿ棬һ۵ʱͻȫݽȥŲ˭ᱻ˸ش
ԽǶϹ飬Խǲܣûʸ
˺üȥϹ۾ȻĻƲס
ʶܣңҲ֪
֮ĳݵСŮ˾ôˣϹһ׵ʱ򣬱ˡ
Ϲ΢΢ҡͷ۵ײһĨЦ⡣
ѾͷǱˣô𣡡
ȵ԰ֻϹһˣ¹һ磬һɫɴ
Ϲȴһôļį
ٱ£Ӱˡ
·Ҳֻһˣį¼š
Ǿùµˣֻҹֹֻһˣʱеֹ¼Ÿоͻᱻ޷ŴӰһ벻
Ϲ𲻵òϣԼĽİҹĽĬ
ֵжôˣ˴ˣ֮֮Ҳݲκˣܷʲô飬Ǳ˴˵Զ벻
ʱϹǿˣЩ飬ԼһľеŬ治˵ġ
ĬҸϹҲһ˿ССļʣҲҪˡ
ʱϹǷ֣Լʱ˶Ĭĸ飬һûɬ·ⱾӦ
ֻʵ뿪˫סؿڵλãֱûа취ơ
һСǵͨͨ죬ֱţȻϹԼ˵ҪȢϢ
ⲻֻвŸ͵͵һµ飬ȴıʵ
ʲôŮ˼ϸֱ棬ܸодһ˿;֡
ǴϹԺŲ·֪Լȥ˵΢΢һ㶣ҲԺ˳
С㣡
䵹Ҳû뵽Ϲ䣬ϹϹãϹݣһϹһΪϹ𵽴ߵҲֻϹˡ
һжλС㻹кøеġ
ϹһǰСѾߣΪ죬Ŀ΢΢˭ѾߣղʲôˣǾ仰ϹΪĵģ


504 峿ѣ飨1
ղԼ飬ȻҲûע⵽Ƿʲô
ɻ΢΢Դش𣬡үߵѾ߰䣬ղ﷢ʲôˡС㣬Ϻ¶أүҪ尡
ŸղϹףԾУϹʱҲһ˿ԭӦԼź߹ġ
֮ǰϹжȻǲΪ⣬һСѾߣʲô¶
Ҳĸղŵᱻ˷֣ԷϹߵѾߣֵĸŨˡ
ȷǰСѾûʲô֪飬΢΢һ
ʱίˣһҵ֤ݣһףڸߣҪúÿο磬չ˺ܷʲô飬ԶϹҵӵ
˵Ϲ쳣࣬ƺͺѾǰСѾ߻ΪϹʧƶϿϹһ
һ㶼ûоϹ⻰ʲô⣬ӾСȻǺʹһǳϹ
ͷһչ˺ү
Ϲ䶢ǰСѾ߿˿ƺʲôȻԼҸ磬ޡһˣȻȥɣһˮʯȥɡ
ϹҲɾúЦˣȻᵣϹµѾ߻ᵡܷʲô飬Ϲ𵽵Ϲ˳ĴүֻҪүүһ죬ͲϹôοһСѾˡ
ȵҲӰŮ˲תͷˣɣ˶ˡ
ǰһסϹϸ΢Ҹ
ϹȻ鲻ѣƿ˵ļ򣬡ˣⶼʲôʱˡ˵ЩʲôղŲͱ˷ˡ
ⲻûз֡˲ΪȻ׼ϹѴϹϹ˵ʲô
˵һ㣬Ϲķô뵽ĻгϹ
Ѿֳģ˰æվԸϹöòֳ飬ȻҪô˵
ô죡类ؽգҲ֪ʲô飬ӲܻϢ͸ϹתϹĲµʲôϹҲ˵
һϣϹžԵš
һ㿴žͺãⲻǵ㣬ǼƻôãɲҪ˸ˡϹƺΪϹ䡣
ȻǲɾͲһˡ
ڶ峿
Ĭ΢΢˫ۣϴһĨ
ʶסԴƺһӻûܹӦһϷͳͳϮԺϿƲסغһ飬ȻĽż־⣬֮˳İҹ˵ˣ
İҹˣĬĬؿĬ˯գһ۾ͿԿԼˣͻȻõ
ÿ춼ܿĬָоȫһҲԶǰСŮˣ޲ÿʱÿ̶ĬԼĻֻһܿ
ˡ
ĬֻԼһҪˣ򶨵ĵͷİҹ⣬ţˣˣôң
˯㣬۵ˣͶ˯һɡ
˵İҹ֣һ˳§סĬϸҪҪ˯һᣬ㡣
˯һᣡ
Ĭһû˯ϰߣҪ϶ˣԼڻЩ۵ϸԱİҹһģǲƽ
㾫ܺãոĬһĨСŮ˵Ľİҹ΢΢촽Ȼ黹ǲ
İҹûĬ˼ʵصͷţ˯ò
һ˯ò˯Ǹ˲ָ˯
Ĭɾ;Լˣݺݵصһİҹߣҿǲ
İҹЦˣԼСŮԹı飬۵ˡ
ϴ󣬡Ҳã۵ˣ
İҹ˵ãĬԵ֪ģԷҴеС˼Ƶ¶ȾͺҪһֻɫϺӡ
Ҫ˵ҲûУأսٻغϣ
Ϊ֤ԼĬҲ⻰ѿڶ
˵İҹԽĿ⣬޲˦ԼһƣȻ˵ĻǼʰ
һСҪѪһԱߵıӣסİҹ۾
׼ңղʲôûʲôû˵
Ǵ˵Ľడ


505 峿ѣ飨2
İҹƲסЦһĪĻϲǻͷų޲ðĬݺݵ§УȻûС
֪ʱ򣬷ԼСŮѾˣɲܹСŮˣȻȵĬŪ̫ߣҶԼ
ããʲôûʲôû˵
˳Ĭ˵ȥÿԼͷϵıӣȦסĬļĬ⧲˫ֻСʲôûзӣʹһ˾ͱİҹ
İҹÿĬϵ˫֣۵ǻͳ硣
ĬҲãϣԺÿһ죬һ۾ܿ㣡İҹĻ
Ĭضİҹ⣬˲˵黰˵黰ھ
İҹ˵һЩĻĬģȻİҹ¶ȴǸĬлϲѡ
ǲһĨõЦݣصصͷѽҪˣȢظߺߣȻ޸ңȻòˣ
ǵӣĬлǴûз¹Ҫմİҹ׸ң
İҹ㻹ҪȢңţ
ôʲôԾĵط
Ĭ첲䣬˲󣬸°ͣкβɣ˵ɣҪټױĬԲ㣡
ǰԼˡ
Ȣ㣡һϣİҹɲòȻһ죬Ĭ̧Ȣţ
Ǹ뵽ֻ棬İҹͿƲס˶Ժֵ뷨ﶪȥǺݺݵһ
Ĭ΢΢ҲûҪİҹȢؼȥ
Ҫ˵İҹú֣ĬԼЩܲˣ΢΢ͷİҹļ򣬡ҲõģûҪȢŵ˼
⻰źԽԽˣͺһУԼռ˱ˣǵȵʱͷˡ
ǺǣĬ
֪Ĭһǰİҹŭ˰ǰһ§ס˵ļ򣬾ͺƽʱС˳ëĶһģһ
֪ͲǸ˼㿴˼һ˶ˣһܲ𣡡
Ĭü΢΢סİҹĸ첲һСŮģ
һ͸ǴүһǿСŮˣͻȻԷɱԲ
İҹȻǵֿסĬ鹥ƣ޲ĳСŮ§ݺݵһ
ʱ򣬿ɲĬˣİҹɫ䣬ƺûΪĬöеˡ
ĬҲֻ˿ĵŮӣƽʱõãҪô죡
Զİҹļ򣬡źߣȻ㲻ϡǵһ죬ͶҲˣȻ˶ǸĺҲҪ㸺ˣ
˭˭
ĬҲûз֣һ֮󣬺ܶ鶼òһˡԭԸϻһǿǿĬڲ֪ѧѧȥİҹ
ڻܿеı仯ʱı仯ȻϢı仯ԽԽԡ
İҹҲԣǻȥͳװɣѾȲҪǰҵϣԸᣡ
Ĭһ죬Ѿ˾ȻڶİҹģǻƲס١
ţѽôгķϣҾʹӦ˰ɡ
ʱתôĹƽÿһ˶һõˡ
ǸԵ֮ǰÿ˶һĸ壬ֻǱ˴֮󣬲ĸ塣
ĬݺݵҡͷԺ߰뷨ͳͳ涪ȥ
ǻǿɣϹС㲻ǻҪǽϹȻǾͲˡ
˵ĬһֻܾСӣӴ˳ȥ
ǵԼƲס֮Ͳˣ
İҹ΢΢ᣬȻ֪ǽ컹Σ֮仹һӵʱ䣬żһʱĻ䡣
ֱ緹ʱĬջһĨΣܾ˶ڿһĸо
ղŴİҹķ߳İҹķ߳
ô밡
ĳԷû˿㡣
ò˵İҹ˽Ĭʲô΢΢ҡͷĳСŮ˵һԵ㣬⣬̫ˡ




506 峿ѣ飨3
ȵϹأһϾ͹Ĭǣһɣȫûзϵģڵĳ͡
蹫ӣİӣλϺá
Ĭ΢΢תͷϹ¶һЦݣͷϹС磬ù㣬ûеĻǲһԸ緹
İҹ˵ƺֻܿǰ緹緢ʲôȫԺԲơ
ϹӣǷӦԼϼҴҵظϹĬǣ緹ûйϳԡĬĿ֮ԣ˵֮µͷԶͺǰС˶ҪԼջöࡣ
Ѿߵͬ⣬ҲİҹУɡѾԹˣԣҵǱá⻰˵ҲǱѣûа취ˣϹίȫ˹ҲֻĬ 
ƫƫϹΪ˱֤Լ崿ʲôûа취˵ҲֻվԱߣλүò͡
ȻĬİҹȫûһŮӵǵΪʲôԵģش󣬳Ա¡
ϸذǰʳԷһٷʢͣԱκ鶼˾ӡ
ţҵ緹ζĬ΢΢˫ۣһʮֿ϶ۡ
İҹ΢΢ͷ磬ȻϲǾͶԵ㣬컹ԡ
İҹֱֶѾʾһūڻûаĬȢţѾĬһ۰֮͸Ӳ˵ˡ
İҹģĬ΢΢죬ͷѽ컹
˵һûг緹棬ǽ緹ܺóԣĺ
Ĭİҹ˵ĶԻϹжɶҵ˼Ȥаȵȥ֮һҪѾ߹緹ζǲôá
ĬİҹƺϹ仹ڵתͷǡô¶һ˿ȡ
ϹС㣬㾹ȻûߣվԱʲô֪˻ΪߵСѾͷءǿɵ𡣡
Ĭ⻰ܰϹƷĽ࣬˵⻰ʲô˼Ѿվһʱˡ
ʵϹ䶼ԼΪʲôղžȻһҲҶԼӦֱ߹ȥ˶棬ǲԶҲվǺ棬ͬǶ˵Ѿͷί
вʣȴһ㶼ֳĲ
û£λѾ𣬲Ǽһ顣Ϲżƺĵӡ
ûİҹѣĬҲҪϹı飬Ȼʵϲˡ
ĿĬѾϹȻϹɫ˲٣ҲûԹȥ
ȷϹİȫĬзĲ٣֮ǰģ鵭
Ĭİҹ˵ĵԱǺϹγĶԱȡ
Ĭİҹ˶һۣһ˴Ȼ
ϹС㣬ϹѣȻܣһǾ仰ϹԲʦ飬ƷֵȥһϹϸ˵ɡ
ϹҲʱѾ׼ҪֱӵͷãҲ׼ˣھʹȥɡ
ϹڱɶԼ¶ϹݲͬҲϹڲдԣûдŪ˾֪Ҳֻ֪Ϲڼ˴鷳ʲôҲǺ
ȻҲһЩ֪ʵģǾǳڶϹҵľηһҲ֪еĹؼȻʲô
һϹϹңǼУܵĴҲû̫ı仯괫еϹһڻΪһС
Ĭİҹ˳ѵҪȥݷϹȻˡϹҪֹûа취ֱһ˳ˮȥϹ
ڹϹ鼸Ѿˮʯ治ܰһƵ
ǾϹСˡòϣϹȥϹҲ˺ܶࡣ
˳ظϹϹ֮һ·ֱӵϹסԺӡ


507 Ϲࣨ1
Ĭ·ϴæҲûעܱߵĻڰ쿴òпһĻãɾϹԺӦһϹлõĵط
ϹסΪӽסĵطģܵ˵ĴţͬʱֶǺܷ㡣ĳÿһ羰оרŵĴ죬Բ˾ĵ
Ĭ֮ǰΪּеҲ֪һЩȴҪϣϹҶȻǺܿϹġ
ܶ˼һõλδƿߣ߱ǼΪϲС
ס
Ժ߷ӳ֣
Ĭ΢΢ͷȻǺּܻſڵ֣ȻĪ⣬˵ãоôһָоһѵõĺ֣
Ϲ䵹Ҳû뵽ĬȻָȤв¶һĨĽ
үүԸ֣ԺȡľǸе𡣡
һȴСԺȡ֣֣֮ȻԿϹڼеĵλ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾףзλдּ˲˼ȤԵĻҪȥݷһϹ
ٿĬʲôôȤİҹȻվԱ߲ûڣϷȴǼסĬⷬϲáȵȥ֮ȥռһЩżĬһϲġ
Ĭ⻰ϹıЩȻˣˣҲϣһ죬үүܿ
Ĭ֪ʧԣϹжԲѣĬҲѾ˵ˡ
ϹļĿϹ࣬һġ
ҲϣˣȽȥɡ
Ϲ䲻϶˵ʲôһ߽Ժ䡣
ŮӰϹǰ磬Ҵ㡣
Ϲ΢΢ͷԼõ⸴ӣ˵ʲôϹ仹֮ǰǸɰСŮĬǸ
вһĨϧΣĲãûܳе𱣻õΣڻҪϹΪԼ鷳ġ
䣬ʱίˡ
ϹһͣʵҲûʲô飬ڶԼҸ⻰ʵп
ҡͷⲻõӦģ㣬λѰɣǻ㣬ǰûãûܰҵԭϴˢԩ
СŮ΢΢Դļ΢΢źϵ
ϹԼõģУϹ鶼Ѿܲˡ
лл
Ĭ΢΢ǽϹһǰһϹþòʶǾѾʵ
ĬȻ˵ϹȻҲἰ顣
Ŀ䵽ĬϣǡôһĨȺͻϲǰһסĬĸ첲Ĭˣҵþˣ
Ĭ΢΢˳飬ҪϹһֱڵˡ
һ¶Էļ򣬡İɣⲻǵˣ׷ʲô飬ңҺҹ㣡
˵ʵĬϹ黹ǺϾ֪ϹͺĪ˶ϹеʲôͲö֪ˡ
ĬڣϹеҲǷһʯͷ
ѵ¶һĨЦ⣬̫ˣĬʱүүжˣһҪ
Ϲ֪Ĭʵ֮ǰ˵ԹʺϵزѾˣϹԺĬѲϵ֮ǰѧԺѧжĬվǽ˵ʱΣ
ģȺ˵˵Ҫţ
ϹİϹϣǳһ㣬ĬȻҲԹۡ

ĬϹеעѾĬϣƺѾǱʶһ㡣
Ϲò´һĬü΢΢˻ⶾɣ
кܿǰԸųóҽҩʦѵã΢һҩʦѾܴˡ
ĬȥǱԼҸ绹ҪһЩҽҲȻ֮ܺǰϹҵҩʦȡ
һϹ伸Ѿ϶ĬǾԲܽϹϵĶԡ
ԼҸǺĬǻкܶ໰Ҫ˵Ϲ䵹Ҳʶ࣬˺һ
磬蹫ҲѾþòұǲɣʲôҪģֱܿڱǣ⻰˵ҲƯĵĺá
ϹҲʵкܶҪĬ˵˳ƵͷãλҪఢˡ
࣬ⶼӦģ
Ϲ΢΢뿪


508 Ϲࣨ2
ȵϹ뿪ĬлῪѯʣ䵽ϹϣǶ״ֻ̬ķ²̸̸µġ
Ĭ΢΢šüģĿ䵽ϹϣϹǷʲôʲôҪֱӿھͺá
Ĭˬ죬Ҳ˵һЩϻżɽ㶨Ҳһֱġ
үүүүжˣΪϹҵȨݺҶүү¶ûʲô⣬үүʲôʧ
ϹСһΪТ˳ĺӣĵĲϹȨڲϵϹ˵ݺָϹӲϣҪ뿪˭Ҳס
ηɸ봫ӦҲ˰ɣ򲻵ѣҲ㡭˵Ϲ΢΢˶٣Ǽ˵ĬүүжȽأѾвҩʦ޲ߡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷ¶ڵǲǾ¶һ˼飬һֶҩֶǶҩ֮ǰԹʱڵϹ߻
ãҵȻȥϹǱߵֻҪܽģһᾡΪĬڻûмϹҲԡ
Ĭһ仰ϹѾĲ١
㣡
ĬϻϴƵĽⶾеҲǺܵϹⶾֻ֣Ҫ̫Ķҩ˳
Ϲһʱ䲻ǿȥ˲١
ʱ䣬ϹܵѹҲǲ١
Ĭļ򣬱Լ̬֮⣬Ҳʲôˣǵ黹ҪϹԼ
İҹͲĬԵʱ֮£İҹ侲Ŀ䵽Ϲϡתʲôɵˣ˭Ϲ¶֮ݺ㡣
һϣϹ˻ɣȵƽһȻټϹҴͲǱôƽ
Ϲɺݺݵս˫ȭɫܣҲȷһϹҶҵϹǬϹٷɺϹڼ˶¶ףҾͲܼ̳ϹңǱǵ֮ˡ
Ϲ侲ķϹҵɫԽ䣬ҪϹҵȨֻҪ˵ϹҲмȥʲô
ȻӦľǶϹ¶
ڼУʵһҪ鴦˭Ǹ¶֮ˣϹ࣬ս˫ȭҪ֪Ǹ˵˭˭ҶŹ
˺Ϲ𷴶ô˺Լүү津Ϲĵߡ
İҹ΢΢ͷϹҲȫûˡ
ϲϣҡ
Ȼ֪˵Ǹ˵֣Ϲɺܴѹʹ࣬İҹĬǿĬϲȻ˼ɵϹˡ
㻹һû˵
İҹ⻰ϹҲƣʵ벻˭пˣѾпݺԼ˶˵һ飬˾ٸһӣҲ
˭
ϹƵĿ⿴İҹ
ĬһͬİҹͬϹѾϲµİҹ˵Ǹ˵˭˶һۣǱ˴˽⣬ǸˣϹ˵һܴĴ
ϹҲˣĿתĬĬҲ֪ɣң
Ĭ黹ЩΣһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪ҪôϹͲźãϾ˿ϹҪȥɵ˰ɡ
Ϲ䣬áİҹ𣬵Ĭǰ
ҹ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷȻɵϹ˵
Ϲ䣡֣ȻϹɫһ䣬ʵ벻ŻǸû죬Ĭİҹ˾ѾʼϹˣΪʲô
ԭΪϹһ᲻ܽ˵ǣڿı飬ƺǺƽѾϵ
Ĭ΢΢üϹ𣬡ʵҲʼˡԭʵ벻ʲôԭϹôˡ
Ϲ΢΢ͷԼԽܵҲ뻳ּѾ֮ǰǸ䡣
ܲԸϣȴǲòϡ
ֻϹ˵ԭҲûлɹ䣬ӻ̫ˣ̫ż룬¶ԼÿҲ鵽һ˿ܿ˰ϢĨȥҾͿʼˡҲֻа֪ҵʲôҲֻ
ϹƽȥƺȫⱻԼñѵ
ȻĬײ


509 Ϲࣨ3
ôûа취ţ뿪ѧԺûжãÿ϶ôԤϵ飬֮ߴ˳ɳ
ģ˵ֻˣղ㲻Ҳ˵ˣҲкܴɡڷĬοϹ˵ʵĬĳϹϹ绹Ǻĵġ
ʲôҲ˵ڻûп˭Ҳж
ҲϣϹ΢΢һЦ뿪Ц˵ĬҷںԽԽʴˡ
Ĭǳ˳飬鲻ΪǺϹйأǹܶܣﻹʲôʴȵʱֱӾͰϹץúÿһܴ֪Щʲô
ǺǣʴȣҪҶ㱩һ㶼⣡
Ϲװܺµӣһҡͷ㲻ҪһẦµģ㿴İʦҲʦҲܹ
Ϲѻŵİҹϣ֮ǰ˸ϲĬˣϹ˵ʲôšǺϹǲܿƵöĬһְĽ㺣ַܿⲢ򵥡
ֱڣϹȻԼԺ޽ٵغĬЦǰĬһˡ
֮ǰϹζȻƺҲûʲôǲԵġ
ڳɹһԼˡ
İҹȻҲһ㣬нһУ鲻ſϹʱ򶼾˳ۺܶˡ
ֻҪ˾ͺá
ǹȻĽ࣬ϹɸонǺôҲһ˵ĸܰ
ˣҪĬռ˼Ѿǲܵ顣
һϹ𷴶ʼѧԺСǾԼĬİҹ˵Ķ
ˣҲ֪ϫӮôˣӦðҲһгô۸ͬŵģ
ϹжһĨԹ
Ĭһ˵ʵҲеСˣ֮ǻ¾һ𡣡
תͷİҹ⣬ȵʱ˴֮ʱȻЩѶҪġ
ϫҾǺ˵ˣϴ϶ǵġϴ󣬺þòˣǶ㰡ƫİϹҲǣ
ֻһһŮ˴ӲԶ߹űɫĳһֻɫĴĬķĬ⧲Ǳһ˺üܿԷܱ
һ㻹ĬˣİҹһɱӮҪǰĬһܱҲҪһʵȻֱӾͱİҹ˦ȥ
ӲھĬһԶĵطͣϴ󣬺þòۣԭİʦҲ
Ĭİҹ֮Ĺϵˣ֮ǰӮлܽܣǿվһһֱУƺҲǺܰ䰡
Ĭ΢΢ͷҲɴһĨȣӮ͜ϫôҲϳˡ
ĬյϹķɸ봫ţôأڸĬ֮⣬ϹûǺ˴ˡ
Ϲ˶뿪ѧԺҺӮƽʱԼѵҲȤ뵽֮ǰϹ˵ϳǷ羰Ҳ⼸ϳǵǺܺá
ǜϫȽϿףİˡ
ǽϳǵʱѵûܵĬͿˣҲŽϳǣС㲻ͨڣôɜϫӮ˾Ͳͬˡ
ӮһĬ˵ʲôˣһЦɽƣ׻˵ĺãǮʹĥϳǣҲҷ绪¥ĲҵԷ绪¥ϰسǿﻹв·Ȼִ󷽣ĺȾǰҲǲơ
⻰ĬҲ֪Լ׻˵ȺûʲôˣҲǣӮⷽȷ̫ʵˡ
ԺûǮʱ򣬻Ҫ࿿Яˣ
Ĭ뿪ЦĿӮҲû뵽ӮѾǰϳֱ߳ˡȻҲˣĪͼˡ
ѵñĬ佱ͻȻֱżʶ˵ĸоҪ˵жˡ
Ӯһ죬䵽Ĭϣϴ˵⻰ʲôҵľģҪֱӺ˵һͺã
ĺ졣
ϫݺݵس˳ǣǲ֪ԭӮʱǰһصһ¶Էļ򣬡ӴιӮ㲻ѽǿ㾹ȻʱʲôʱҲõǮã
ӮһڴӦûʲôԥġ
ѽֻҪһ仰Ҫپж٣
ȻĬǼƷҲӮ


510 䣬˼೤1
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ֮ǰ˵ЩˣⲻֱӾͳԼǰҪǲǾϬ
΢һĨõЦݣ֮ǰѧԺﲻ֪ôھóˡ
ϴ㲻֪Ǵ˵еϬһǸӦǵ˼ͣظϹˣӮЦݣ㻳ǰ˵ǲӮ˼ٰġ
⻰Ϲ˵Ĭһ֣ӮӲӦ˵٬Ļοİҹվߡ
ʵӮҲΣ֮ǰǼһ𣬸ʱϹеǸԾյĽɫϹȻ鲻ѣӮܲÜϫһŮԾհɡ
Ĭ㲻ҪӮ˵СӾͻ˵ôҲ
ĬڣϹȽͣĬģЩҪĬæ
Ϲûа˵ú·ϣǼٶһЩţϹģҲٶ˵ʲô
Ϲʲôҿ԰æģ㾡˵ϫ볯Ϲͷһ¶Է
ԭΪǼΪĬԭǾۼһ𣬺ϫףʵǼǳϦദĺѣ˭Ҳ벻˭
ϹڣĬҲؼˣϫףʵǺܺúܺõѣֱ˴ˣرƽʱѵһ𣬱˴֮ĬȾͲ˵ˡ
ϫĿ䵽ϹϣⵣģϹ㻹ðɡ
Ȼ״ҶǺ⣬Ϲ΢΢µʱٻЩڡ
İɣҿϹ黹ҵ£
Ϲָ˾ǴҪ飬Ĭһɣƽ¡
ô֮ǰϹϼⶾϼǸݺϹܻᱩ¶Ŀ
Ϲ˵˵ϹɣҲиο
¹ԼүүİΣϹҲ룬ֱӰ֪ͳͳĬܸĬһϢ
ĬаѸղϹ˵΢΢ͷɫ࣬ã֪ˣϹҲҪ̫ģϹһʲô¡
֪Ĭ⻰ڰοԼϹţȴǲ΢΢һĬͷĬүүߵͰġ
ްס
ӮĿӿڵϴҪʲôҩĵģܺ˵һҲӮˡ
Ӯף˵Ϲ𣬻˵ǺϴϹϵɣӮ˵Ҳǰһס
ϹȶڣϳǵȶԱ֤绪¥ⲻܵӰ졣ټϹ˳ΪһϹҵļһò顣
Ϲ΢΢ͷǵĺмǵá
л
Ӯ΢΢ҡͷҲûΪϹʲôˡ
ǶѰ˵ʲôллģ⡣
ӺԺ֮ǰǰԺˣϹһ˸ʱֻû뵽ξȻôˣⲻ䵽ϫϣ˭ôмֻһŮӣ˲עⶼС
ӣȥǵ衣
Ĭһ˿עڰϣ΢Ҳû뵽ԭϹ߻һСŮˣҲˬ
΢Ϲ㲻ǽһλС˶˭𣡿ǼﻹʲôίǺϫɨһ۰䣬°ĿŵϹϡ
˵ǜϫк棬ĬҲɶǰŮӶ˼ֺ档
ղ̫ȻŮˣǾ˵ϹŮˡݣòôҶ˼ִ
䵹Ҳɬ˵ĴСŮ峺ס
Щ˶ϹѣֻҪϹ϶ôоǣ
ϫ΢΢üߴӰŲ֪ôģһ뵽Ů˾ȻϹеŮˣоȻ΢ˬĸоͺԼĶȻ˸һ
תͷϫŮӣоĳǰŮƺܲϲӡ
Ϲʲôʱôˣ
˵ŤŤϹɫΣҲǸոãô˲嶯£˵ĻóȥˮҪջȻҲǲܵˡ
ǲҪЦˣǰ䡣
أ
ҶźĽͣϹһ򵥵Ľͣûˣ


511 䣬˼೤2
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣĿǰٵŮӣóӦǺϹġϹϹǵʱȫ뿪Ϲߣ͹һ㣬ҲѾһŮġ
ϸϸشһ۰䣬ĬһԼڻǴδĶϱһеҲ⡣
ô鷳ǲô񣡡
֪Ĭģ˾֮ǰϹǳѡ
ղϹҲǽ˰֣ûἰ֮ǰ˵ҪȢΪ޵顣һҲٶ˵ʲôؿһϹ𣬸ղ֣᲻Ϲʲô鷳
ϰСϹһۣ᲻ðʲôίڰǰˣǼҪΪϡ
ѵã
ϹȻһŮӣ˵жѾˡ
ѽϹǿ㾹ȻˣӮһⶼʲôʱ鰡Ƕ֪˵ֱǴ԰
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷһѰӮ˳û˼Ҷ˼˰
ֻϹһ𣬵Ҳûж⣬Ǽˣûʲô˵˵ġ
˼ҹҾŮƤǼôţȻҲò˼ڵῪţҲʾŮӲЩڡ
㲻Ҫ⣬ǼԸ̫ˡĬ˵첻ݺƵĿ˲øС
Ŀ䵽ĬϣϷ죬вòϣĬһǳˣֲϹôĬڿҲȫܹˡ
л蹫ӡ
໣Ȼϴ˼ҹһһۿ˾㣬֪ˣǶûҽأ
ӮֱӳŰ¶һõЦݣڼıһ˸оɡ
ãϹѣǼһѵͬţӮǜϫ룬ǼξϹġ
ʵӮ̫飬ðЩʴӣΣ˺ߵϹ󣬡ү
Ϲ΢΢ҡͷȻ֪ӮҲںǿЦһƬ⣬İļҪ̫ڵġӮˣӮ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ䶼˼ˡǡ
Ϲѻ˵꣬ϫȿڡ
ǺǣϹҲģǼڵϹҹòã㵹ǹú̹Ů罺ᣬ˵ɣ׼ʲôʱףμȻˣȻҲһϲƺȲУ
Ĭ΢ϫ⻰͸һɲ˰
ΪϹûиĸˣô֜ϫڳԴ׵ĸо
ϫΪϹԭԴף
ôܣ
Խô룬ĬԽǾкܴĿܣϫģҪĬᶼС
ôϫڳԴףѵϲϹ
뵽ֿԣĬоͲһŨŨĲ˼顣Ȼƺϸһ룬Ҳȫûпܡ
ϹʱףԭΪܵĬİҹ֮յĴ̼һͶ԰˵⻰ϲʵҲȻϹ֮ǰǰ䵽˭Ѿǵˡ
ϜϫƵĿ⣬ҪͰף
ƺѾһǳңԶĻ⣬ˣǲʾϾҪѰȢؼҡ
ϹУ˳ױҪһӣһʱ䣬˴飬ûгֵ˽ĬͽҪġ
Ϲ𲢲ش⣬ŜϫҲżҲ֪ǸϹûǵĳˣϹʲôûѾ˼ҹ˽
Ϲ㲻ҪңڻûãԵǰ𣡡
ټϫôƱ˵ģſڣǲϹκοڱĻᡣ
ۣ찡ϫˣӮ΢΢ĿԭΪԼѾˣ벻ϫںɱ
ϫ벻ѣһֱּ˰
ĬӾÜϫƣֻҪԼжϹ⡣ҪϹ׿˵ûԼҪʲôʱźͰװɡ
֮ǰϫĬкøУĬҲΪΣڷ֜ϫѾעתƣΪʲôƫƫϹأ
Ȼ˵Ϲ𲻺á֮ǰĬȻһǧһͬ
Ϲ߶ѾŮӣڜϫŷԼϹĸ飬Բˡ
ϫ


512 䣬˼೤3
ĬеģǼǱ˴֮䶼õѣĲ뿴һЩڱ˴̫֮ίˡ
İҹ΢΢ȻҲڵһʱĬеĵģҪʲôĬһܹסġ
ӺסĬĸ첲΢΢ҡͷ
Ĭ΢ôܲأ
ϹֻԼڵֱ͸ˣʲôзƣǶϜϫĿߣѵþô
ȥ˼ϫ⻰е˼Էͱˣô˵˲Ļش
Ϲɾãڷ˜ϫ⻰Ů˾ҪϺһܡ
ݺݵüģһڵĜϫ롣Ů˵ֱڿϫʱѾовʵŮϹİɣȻҲ
λС㣬Һ飬ǻôżĺҺˣҲ㲻Ҫô˵𣡡
۵СŮ˾Ȼ˵֣صĻ⵹ҲĬȡ
˵ԼӦվڰߣϾϹѡŮӣǲ֪ôģĬڰ֮ⷬȴҲϲˡ֪ϫϹĸɣʱ˵⻰ǸϫĿϴӡ
ĬϣⲻԼˣ˸û뷨
לϫǺĬΪϤˣ˵ƫģʶƫ̻ԼҪϤһĬҲˡ
Ϲٲ˵¾Ҫϫ뿴ˡ
һͻȻ־ڱ⻳ԼϹ¶ֵʱ򣬶ûôΪѡ
룬ȵϵԩϴ֮Ҿʽͼ飬֮׼ҺͰ֮Ļ¡
ҪĴ𰸣ôϹ͸ɡ
ʵǺ˭һ𣬶Ϲ˵ûкܴĲɡ
Ȼô죡
ˣ
ϫϹŵ飬һƺô˲䳾䶨ɬɬĸо
һָ飬鲻֪һҲ벻Ȼɡ
ŶǵҲλܳϲˡϫ΢΢һЦЦ䵽ĬУȴǿƲסзۡ
ϧؿСŮˣƺϫĸ˳֮ǰĬڵϹ
ξӮоϫ״̬ˣⵣģϫ㻹ðɡھʣˣһǳ˫ɶˣ£ͷһʮ˸ˣǲĽˡ
ʱ򣬾һҪ̾һӮԲ仰Ѿ˜ϫΣҲǼ֮Ե
ϫ벻ΪϹ֪Է׼ȢŮ˲ŲˣֻΪܱߵ˶ʼ˫ɶˣûſʼ鲻á
ɾǱ֮ǰԭҪ׽ܺܶ࣬ӲÜϫ붪ӡ
ϫһɣʧ̬ˣҲҺʱ򣬻Ӯ˵
üһһ
ϫֲ뿪Ϲ𣬾Ӯ˵ģ֮ԼõˣǶϹһǧһ򱶡
ǵȻСӮӣ⻰ҿԼסˣͷ㲻ҸõģҾˡסģһ죡
ŜϫɫָӮҲǿԻһˡ
ں术ϫ˵ʲôĺģСһ׮
ãģԱ֤⣡ȻҾһӵˣҲӮң
ϫ΢΢ȻɾûӮСװ
ѽ⻰ҿǼסˡĬǶ֤ҪʱСͣͷˡ
Ĭۜϫ룬ʱҪ˳Ŝϫ⻰˵ȥ
ãҰǵأһӮСˡ
ϹңоԼǴʲôԺһǺֱܿˡ
ϫİɣһӶǵ㲻ǻԺߣҲ޷
ĺĺڜϫϵ˾Ϲˡ
Ƴһۻ״̬Ϲ𣬜ϫҲԼﵽʲôϣϹ˼ǶԷӦ׼Ȣˣ֪ҲǺõġ
ǺǣҲŲҪ㣬㶼ӵˣңСӮӺѽ
˵һִӮļϣȫǸõģͳͳԹ
ָսԲϹ˼ŮϹתơⲻǸԼ鷳
ʵҿŜϫԹ˵ҲǺ䣬ǳϦദһܲɡ
˵ϫӮ岻ˣ


513 ˼Ůˣ1
⻰һģ⡣
ϫҲϲ⻰˵ĺԼӮʲô岻׵ĹϵǱˣϫСֱȥˣŮϹˡôҲҪϹ𼸷ӡ
ϹһҪ˵ǜϫŲˣ⻰׵
ҡͷ⻰ô˵˵ǼĬѧԺʱһֱͬͬסһֱһ𣬜ϫӮͬôܻ᲻֪Ƕǵ֮ͬ顣
˵֮ǰϹͣǰԼҲһǣ˽ȥڜϫĶȻǲ
ȵϹѺĻ˵꣬͸˲ˣϹУͺһкһԸûʲôŮ֮
ߣϹ˵仰û˻㵱ưͣ
ǰŜϫ˵ôܴ˻Լ
Ѿͷⲻڰ飬㲻лҲˣ
ŜϫҪºϹϣĬ֮ĶԻ
ˣҪˣǻҪϹ˵˵뷨ɡ
ԭΪϹһ˵ʲôһĻش𣬲κҪĬʧˣϹʲôû롣
˫һ̯ȴޱȣʲôûⲻٲþͺһ˼ȥҲûʲô˵ġ
ϹشĬĺ˸ݺݵرһ١
Ǻǣղ˭˵ҪһٵģңҸĬһֱ˵һ䣬ʶˡ
ˣ
ϲˣϫһӦĬ֧㣬Ҹȥ
໣Ҫѽһ
˵ӮĲ֪ĸطŪһ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣӮһƫƫӵģСӾȻһĴСҪʲô
ûɵĿ⿴ţӮҲ˼ˣһڽ͡
ⲻŴϹģܻ۵ļһװǲҪǲҪˣ
һΜϫ벻ɾӮȻôɰ
һӮϵü΢Ҫ˭˵Ҫģ
ĬҪҪҪҰæȰˣװ
Ĭصصͷⲻ
Ϲ𣺡
ǼҪҪôЦҪôݺݵشһ٣ʲô캦˰Ȼô׺ݵı
⻰ϹǲҵĬǵ˵ڣֻܺݺݵƲƲ촽ǲҪҴˣҴˣⲻûа취ˣҾͿǵˡ
Ĭ͜ϫҲĶϹ֣ҲǿͷϺúвһȻ˳ϹĻ˵ȥ
Ǻܲˬ
ߣ֪֮ǾͷŹ㣬´οûôˣ
ǵȻǵȻ
ǰӹˣϹ𶼲кݺݵһǺЦȻںˣƤ鿴žУһ㶼ûоʲôõĵط
ǰôò
ϹԼûз֣Ĭ͜ϫʱ̬ʵ̫˿Ųỳɡ
䵽ϫϣвɸоֺͷ
ֻ٣ͷбһ֧οΡϻһѳһϮɫĿ˿ƶѣϴһ˫Ь͸һԵʣزһܱȽϵġ
ףϫһһС㣬ʵֻǜϫŮӲϹݡ
Ǿ͵ˣòײǵõϹһ̬ȣ׾ٵطϲˡ
Ϲ̫ˣ᲻÷֣ǜϫҪһ£ֻҪϹԼ˵ˣǾԲֵģ
Ů΢˵λԶҲѾˣϢһ°ɣȥЩʳ
ȻŮ˵ģ
Ĭû׼Ϲټ˜ϫ˴֮仹кܶ໰Ҫ˵ϹʵЩˡ
ˣͲˡ
ӮҲ˼Ѿڷ绪¥λãðҲ˼
ããѾԤλá
Ϲ΢΢ͷ䣬ô鷳ǼеطҲϢһ°ɡҺĬǺþòȥǡ
Ϲ˿ԼΪʲôԾĵط
δޣ֮˳ȥĽ
ƽʱһʲô⣬ܾЩˡһԼϹǼͨͬŹϵһԷ֣޿ɺǡ


514 ˼Ůˣ2
Ȼкǲ˵Լ
ԜϫϹĸͬһ㣬ϹԼûиоѵǼӦ֪ϹϵĻԼ֮˼
Ҳһ飬ʶ֮ǰϹѾ͜ϫǼѾóһˣӰ룬ϹĬǼһͬŲ¡
ԷϹеһУǼ˼ģӲ˵һССİ䡣
ˡ
ãҾڼҵ㡣
䶢Ϲ۾ʱϣϹ˵һһŵĻҪʧˣϹûУ붼û
Ǽһˣ˰ԱߣǼ˵Ϲ˼ɣȻܱ鷳˰ɡ
ãҺܿͻڼҺúϢϹ𲢲ԼʲôԵĵطּɡ
УײûаѰһҪλá
ŮеĹâô˲価ϻһĨԳЦݣȻǸ߿ԼϹеĵλ
صͷϹǰֳܱѹģ΢΢ȥɣ￴ţ˷㲻ڡ
Ϲڱ˻ǶϹ¶֣ȻһֱڼвҪ뿪ȻӰ쵽ײá
ã鷳ˡ
绪¥
ȻǷ绪¥Ǻ;ǵװҲûжٲĬҪԼ»ص˾ǡ
СӮӣ㲻ѽװκ;ǵķ绪¥࣬㲻Ҫң㿪ķ绪¥ȫͳһġϫȻҲطĿ⿴ӮλҪһشɡ
ӮҲûʲôģ˵ͷŶһϿȥ֪Ƿ绪¥Ĳҵھǣϳǣĵط֮ﶼܵȫһģһĴеͳһ
ĬӮⷬ˵ԵͷӮľӪģʽȷȻ˰
ôССְˡʲôҪҿֱӵ㵥ͺá
ϫҲʲô˼ģģǲŲ㲻˼
㷹֮Ӧ̸µʱˡ
ˣϹûһԲߣе鶼˦ĬҲ̫һɡ
ϫĿתϹ
֪һ飬ϹϵĿӡ
壬ǣֻϣүүܿүүһ֪Ǹ˵˭
⻰˵˼ֱǺû˵һ
ϫҪֱȥǱˡ
ϹϹĸ飬Ϲֱ˵˵ϹѲϢ̫ˡȻϫжĬҲţĬһҵһƽ㣬Ϲ
ĻĬҪϵˣϹ׶ˡ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǡ
ʲô
ʲôϹ׶ˣ֪˻ҪΪĬϹʲô顣
ϫһᾡΪҵҲҪϹ飬ҲûȥסĬ뿪Ц˵
ؾǻɜϫǼˣ
ףĬҪˣ
ŶϴҪˣ
žϹһȵؿĬҲûĬ˵顣
ǼţĬҲɾЩ˼ˡ
ʲôھϹҪ׼ˣҳײǺ飬׶Сʲô
ĬƳһ⼸С飬İҹһӵˣҹǼǵģ绪¥ζǿϧˣûаЦЦǼһ
˵СǼϴڳ˻֮⼸СԻѾˣĬϳѰϹ;·֣⼸һֵޣﻹȣǷֿ
СǼȥѰʳĬİҹ˼·
ǲİҹ΢΢Ĭķ񣬰еǿ˳ȥ
ʵĬİҹ̫֮ĬǼƺѾϰദģʽھȻһ㶼ñŤ
Ҫ﹧ϲϴİʦˡ
ǱĬİҹ֮ĸжˣһֻҪమʲô⡣ѵģϣĬҸȻѡ񣬵ȻҲʾף
ʱһǡĬһӣˬ졣
һת䵽ϹϣϹʱĻ˵ҪغˣԼʱɡ
ϫǹ˹ƳһϹ
Ҳܣ˵Ļˣҿ϶ȥμĬĻ񰡣Ϲˣ˭˭ɣӮҪȥϹǱߣ
ӮĬͷŷ˿Ĭĵ
ĿһϹĶԷļ򣬡ϹȻҲ㣬ҾΪֵܣӦǰ顣㻹òҪĬغϣȻźܶ˶ѡȥϴĻ񡣡
һϴ󣬵ȻӱֳӮ̬ȡ


515 һף1
Ϲǳ˳飬ѾԤϵĽμĻ񣬲Żо֡
ģĬİʦĻôܲμӣ
Ϲô˵ˣȻǲĬʱغϡ
ʱ˭Ļǰ棬˭Ļں棬ȷ
ӣѾӰ쵽ĬǼԷ顣
İҹ˵΢΢üľѾԿ顣
ÿϹҵĴүԺһϹҶҵģүҽҪ䣬Ȼ绪¥ŵ
绪¥ӪƹҲΪѣƽʱҲˣʧһǮƣλү顣
ȻڰǷ绪¥Ĵϰ壬ҽȥˡ
ϹүͲҪΪСˣλ˺֮ǰѾԤ䡣Ƿ绪·Ҳһ󵽡
Ȼ󵽵Ǹ˾Ϲˡ
ʵƹҲǿϹţϹҵһү涼ȲλүϹŵǺã˵ϹҶһ˵ġ
Ȼж࿴ϹԴƹΪ绪¥Ҳϱֳ
Ĭüһ֮ǰϹϼֵ˭һɵñ
ϹҵĴүðҰ
ϫ⻰ҲЦͷѽһҰҹž;ֺǡǲȥ
Ǽ˵УҲϹϹ˾үĺӣϲ̨档
ƹڲϺϹŽʱ򣬰ķŴ򿪣һʱϹſŮ˾ա
Ѿǵ˵ĻһסˣϹŶŜϫǺÿգͲˮ
侹Ȼ˺ÿŮˣ
Ůˣ
ϵŭݣϹ¶һΪܺÿЦݣŜϫ߹ȥƫƫĳŜϫһ
λĹҽһ£ϹţϹҵĴү֪ûһһϹ˿ζԜϫİĽһ˫۾ǽڜϫϣҲûа취Ųˡ
ϫһ飬ǿˣ
ҲԼʲôɫȻҲԼ
Ϲ⣬Է֮󣬿϶˹ȻϹϹŶѾ֪ٴ飬ȫûκѹ
ǺǣҾ㻹񣡡
ϫһֻɫҪԷҲԼǸʲôģ߳Ҳ°˸ŵˡ
Ϲ΢΢һ㶣Ȼû뵽ϫô˵
ݺݵضŜϫ˵ʲôӣҸ㼸ɫ㻹濪ȾˣͰѻˣߣͲҪҲ
˵ӵȷе㲻̫
ܽ绪¥һ°ˣôܻûʲôȻڷ绪¥飬绪¥ȲӦ
ϫüһҵԼвˣǵһμ
ǺǣҵҪôҲˣ
ϹΪϹ˾ĵӵ֮ǰ֪ҲˣڵϹҵΪȻǲӲܡ
ǰһ䵽ϹŵϣһȣϹţʲô
Ϲ֮ӭϹôÿɫ˵ʵϹҲһһ
ӵϹǺֲܿϵӣô˲俴Ϲϼסģ
ܿϹűǷӦϹ֮ǰôϹԼһֻԼѱˣȻҪűˡ
һΪһظղŶʧӣϹ˵Ӵ
ɤţͺ±˵ʲôһĿϹ
ҵ˭أԭϹѽô֪Լʱ޶࣬ԴӼܳˣװʲôװôģŮŮˣҸҪúðƿƿˣ
Ϲ֮ǰһֱǵϹڼеĵλںò׵ȵϹ̨ˣҪץʱúԷ
ҪϹŮˣ
Ϲλүڷ绪¥ΪһŮ˴֣ôţһʱѾʼһϳǡ
ϹҲû뵽ˡ
ݵ÷


516 һף2
֮ǰϹϹŵȻ˼ɵģھˡ
һţ֪ϹκβԼĽ࣬ҾˣôţϹҽͺ˵ˣŮ㲻ҲøҸȻҾֱӻؼȥ淢㣡
֮ǰϹŻΪϫòԲҪռԷھ͸˲ֵɣ
Ѿ϶ϫϹŮˣϹŮˣͺһô걻ϹѹıС
Ϲ׼˵ʲôϫһ˦˹ȥ
ֻžһ峺ϹԭͲôÿһгһͷģͿԿϫһƵ˶
Ůü΢ؿϹţҪжжУҪ̾һλǺô
ߣҺ˵ˣͷҪǱ´βҪҿ㣬ȻһδһΣ֪Ϊʲôĺ죡
ϫСţǵһα˸ϷˣǿҲ벻Ҳ
ûֱŪˣǶǿϹϡ
Ϲű˵ڴˣһʲȥǱһŮ˸ˣ
⴫ȥᱻ˸ЦˣȻϹԼʵͲôãǻڱһСŮ˸ȰƵĵز
ϹźݺݵضŜϫ룬ƾҪȥʰߺߣΪϹŮ˾ͺ˲ԼסˣһŮ˻ţϹҽʹúýѵŮˣ
ΪԼ˲ˣҪѵϫ룡
ϫ벻ŭЦһƣȫԷκηĻᣬĴҴġ
쵰Ҵң
˿ЦϹԽŭȫһ㣬ϫ벻ԼʵĻôܻһٶ˳һεʱ˵ϹûзӦȵڶοɾͲǲˣȻȻϹŻûѱĿơ
Ĭ΢΢ŜϫԸǰˣ鲻
ϫˣ˼ƽ϶ʧݡ
ĬôһѣϫҲǣôѧԺԺ֮ŮһƦƽЩԼ붼û˼
ͷţĬ˵öԣû˼
ⶼ˸ݺݵشһˣڲ˵û˼ҲֻĬó
ϹŲɵӣҲǿˣԼȫŮ˵Ķ֣ҪӶԷϵõôȻǲʵ顣
ӻ󣬸οˣǺ۸ĵ͡
ϹڜϫϵòôתĿתϹϣϹ۸Ǹˡ˭ϹʱϹҵı֣ʵ˾Щˡ
Ϲ𼸺ûз˶Ϲϼʱ䣬ռϹҵȨȨȻϹȴʲôû͸һϹ𲻹һĸо
ھ
ϹҰѻ˵ˡ㲻ҵǸҽͻؼ淢㣡ҪһУ
Ϲţһʱ䣬ƺԼѾϹŵɫҰףĹԼǰĵģˡ
Ȼò˵ˡ
Ϲ𲻻ôҲܻô
֮ϹһϹȥУγһֵĻ桪
˹ӳһ͵ͷһͷŲѣڴλ߹ͺ϶λӿһܷҶɸоһķθ
֮ǰȻϹҵˣϹΪϳΪҪļ壬ٻһЩϢݳϹŶϹ̬ȣѵϹҪˡ
Ϲ䵽ϹŵϣŭЦǹһĨаȵЦݣǺǣӦô죡ќϫ뽻ϣϹôĵӣ˭ȨϹҵаŮ
һϹ̫ǿϹһԭأһ仰˵ڣŵĿϹô˲䣬ϹɸоϹĻɱԼ
ϹҲ벻ˣϹһ˵˶ҿڳˣڻȻͷų
㣡
ʲô㣡˵˵䵱ͷΪ绪¥ʲô˶ܽġӮؿһϹţתͷԸղϹŽŵƹ񽻴ţԺǷ绪¥ĲҵӭλϹүš
ƹĵȻ֪ӮݣͷǣҼסˣ˰ͳȥ
Ӯһھ˾ˣ˵ʲôݣȻ÷绪¥ܾӿ͡Ҫ֪⼸绪¥ƾص;һķѾΪһС
ټϷ绪¥Ҳʲô˶ܽģԽǸ߲İ᳡˵ݵȦܶ˶ܽ绪¥ΪʱϹžΪһ仰绪¥ΪܵͣǸӴ⡣


517 һף3
Ӯ⻰һҲȫûԼ⻰ɶӰ죬ǰԼҪ˵˳ˡӮлԼڷ绪¥ΪϹ΢顣
ԣӮҲǺǣΪǹԢϹʲô̬ȣӮУϹԶǶԷǳҪĺֵܡ绪¥Ϲĺܡ
Ϲиж뵽ԭӮǲ֪ʱѾתǿ󡣹ȻǺֵܣѼ飬˵ľ
˷绪¥ķ粨ԭпܻΪϹϹʧƵ΢һϹ𡣲Ǳ¿ԼϹ̬ˡ
Ϲ̾񣬾ԲκϹҵΪϹɫأȻ⻰ΪղϹŵܹ˵ġ
һ׮С£ϹŶ绪¥˸ӷ绪¥˳ȥȻܿ»ָƽ
ƺܿ˻ŶϹ𣡡
ϫĿתϹ΢΢Ҳû뵽ǲҪúϢһ³ԸȻ顣
Ҳʵ˸˲
ϹףղʰϹţϹŵӿ϶ϳȻ»صһسӣϹҲܻԷ绪¥ΪУôõĹԼˡ
΢ε黹ҶҴ˴ҵˡ
Ϲ⻰ҾͲˣ飬Ǽѵǻŵ𣡡ӮһȻڵȻᷢлһĨڴ
ϫҲһ̬ȡ
Ĭ΢΢˳ǣͻȻԼ⼸Сǰֵ
ȻԷǾ֪ǵϹҲ۸ģĬ΢΢̣ϹĬ϶ѣȻκ۸ȥ
İҹһʱĬ顣
׼ֱţ
İҹ⻰ĬֿЦԽˣصصͷȻİҹ˽뷨
ֵǵ濪ʼˣ
ϫӣιιιҲǹˣĬ㵽ô˲㵹ֱ˵ѽʲôҪģ㿪ڱǣ
ϹóλȥϹϴϹϵԩ˵
⻰˺ڴ
Ĭ׼ô죬Ѿ֪˭ݺϹˣϫ벻ɼ
Ҳ֪Ĭ΢΢ҡͷϹ𶼻ȻҲʲô鶼
ôô
ŴҺĿ⣬ĬЦԽãȻ֪Ǹ˭һ˿϶֪
Ǹ˭˭֪ףϫʵôоԼѾˣȻĬ˵ʲô
İҹϹԼ
ϹԼ
ʲôش𣬲ҲǣϹ϶˭¶֮ˣϹѹϹԣаһ
Ҫ֪ϼԭľϹӣȵ֪ԼϲӾȻ˸ݣӲ׷ŹЩˣ
ΪؼԭǣϹΪжԲѰ
ϹĬ⻰е˼һĿĬĬ˼ǣѾ֪ҪôүүϵĶˣ
ֻϹϼסⶾϵĶʧôϼȻͻһʱѹ
ɽϹ𼤶ڴĿ⣬ĬȻҲ˼˵һ֣΢΢ͷоųɵİܹϹϼ
ϹȻһɣɫϲ̫ˣĬлл㣬ллҶ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźˡ
ʲôʱϹԵʱĬŶЩ˼ˣ΢΢ҡͷʵҲûʲô顣
ǼֵܣҪ˵ЩġϹҷҪˡ
Ĭ΢΢еĿıϹȹǰ鷳
ԭͷϴǲصǸһˡϹϼס֮ϹԩȻȻĽˡӮصصͷʾԼĬ֮顣
ϫ뵹Ҳû뵽Ļչô˳ͺûг֣Ѿˡ
һ㶨ˣûҵ֮
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷʱ򻹿Щʲô
ˣȻϹһףϫԺõʱ򡣡
ܜϫǲʲô飬ͳһϹĹģӦ㹻ǡ


518 ⶾػϹң1
Ȼûоʱ䣬ϹѾ´ϹҲֱӳ嵽˷绪¥׷绪¥ȻϳվȽŸȻҲûҲҺͷ绪¥ԡϹҵ⣬ֻǳϹͲŷ绪¥ΪһϹϹҶϡ
˵ģʵ绪¥ϹĺܣϹҵǰ㶼ţϹĺܣڻصϹ֮ͻѰ绪¥İڼԴС
һǸԸţϹСС̫ûɫڷ绪¥飬ȻҲŭ˷绪¥
ϹҳТӣʲô
洫Ϲ⳶ŴɤŻ±һ
룡
ĬһȻ˵Ϊǲ
óԷûˡĬ¿ӣıԷˡ
İҹȻùĬһϲǴСŹǷųһ㣬ٳԵ㣬ｻҡ
Ű
İҹҪô˵һ˵˲Ҫ޵ĸо
ʵҲûгԺ÷ȻǲõİҹϧİҹУֻĬһ˵˵ǻҪൣġ
Ĭ΢΢˳飬ʱԻԶǺгܵΪ
ˣѾԱˣǻǳȥɡ
ĬˣòϣŴƵĿ⣬ѹҲС
ǶʲôûлǶԱˣȻİҹûа취Ըû⣬ȻǶԱˣ˾ͽˡ
ղŻ˵ѾԱأ
ھôİҹ΢˵䣬ĬĿˣʵ̫۸ˣ
ϹվҵģȳȥӦԡ
ȥϫ֮վ
ӮһĬǣ֮°ĿתϹϣô绪¥ҵĵ̣ܲҵĵ£ҺһȥǲĬİҹ˵Ķ簡
һ۵Ĺ򣬰ʣĬİҹˡ
Ĭ΢΢üûǼȥ
ҲҪȥ飬ĬԳְæ㲻ܴȥ飬ÿһܻѡ˭Ҳûа취棬԰æһΣôԺأȻİҹͱĬĸӵöࡣ
İҹ⣬ĬҲɿʼʣѵ̫飿
һʱ֮ҲҲ𰸡
һֱվߣң𣡡ĬףİҹԼҲİҹİæʱԼ취ȥ顣
ȻǺܺãô˱˵Ͼͱòһˡ
İҹһĬ鷳ʱ뵽ԼȻص˵ĬԴΪǸ㣬㣬Ҹ֡
ΪǸ㣡
Ĭһ죬ֱİҹʵ˵ĸо˵ͷʲô
ţãǵһٳȥɣһ¿ǵ
ϹǼҴҵĳţΪ˱ⱻĬİҹůֻ̼üį鶼ܵصĴ
ŶϹѿģǱǷܶǮһ
ϹӰϹ񣬡ߺߣϹ㻹֪㿴㶼ʲôкֵܣԳôѧĶϹĽأ㲻ΪϹҵĺӣ
һ͸Ϲһñӣ˭ǲΪϹҵӵܣѿ˶ġ
Ϲ˵Ϲ޼ɵ֪Ϲôĺͷ绪¥Ϲϵһж˿ŵ˵ǣվҪеˮϹá
ҪϹ˶֪Щ飬ϹԺﻹܼ̳Ϲҡ˵һжΪϹҵˡ
ǺǣҾҪһϹңϹңôã㶼֣ӲҪ˵ļӵܡ
ϹῴףҪԼǿб
֮λ޴ǡؿˣη塣
ϹξͰҪȷϹϵϹԸԸϣⶼС飬ҪϹһˡ
һϹǳˣҪԺ̳ϹҲͲˡ
ʲô֮ⶼԼģСүү¶Ϲôϣ
ϹϹϼ¶
ǽĴţܶ˶ϹҲǶ֮Ҳ벻Ȼᷢ飬Ҳ˵Ϲϼڳˣ
⻹Ϲġ
뵽֮ǰ飬ƺҲĲܣھϹҵ˶ô˵ˣȻǼٵġ
ĻϹһǻǱʾɡ
ûУ


519 ⶾػϹң2
һϣϹǾԲϣûʱûκԼˮ⿴ϹǲһĨЦݣ壬Щ鲻һһϾͿ˵ġ
Ϲôţô˲䣬Ϲֻûһ䣬ɻɣϹֱɱ
ϹˣϹǲ磬ǣûаЩ˷УӲҪΪǣ˷ѿˡм
Ϲ㣬㲻Ҫ㲻ҪΪвҾˣϹһˣһĶҪĵһ
Ĭǳ˳飬ΪϹҵ˶ж벻һ˱ơ
ϹǸոտڣֱӰ˼Ҹŵˣôһ㵨ӻҪѧ˼ȥݺİϷҲ°Լˡ
Ϲ𣬺ˣҪ˼ҷϻˣ߰ɣ˵ǶϹ֣ȥĬҲģ֮ǰԹ˶滺߳
ֱĬҵĿǼеĬϣ侹Ȼ˷ˣȻɶǿˡ
İҹϲ˿Ĭ񣬼һ룬ǮһڣûпĬգһɫӰֱӵĬǰס˴ҵߡ
Ĭио֣ɻؿİҹƺʵ׷ʲô飬Ǵȴȵģİҹϲѡ
ûʲô¡
Ȼİҹô˵ˣĬ΢΢ͷ°עϹҵϡ
Ѿ뵢ȥ
ϹҵһɣĿϹ𣬡ʲôˣϹѣΪϹʲô˶ܼ㻹ʲôҲøױ˺
˵ǵ˻ϹϼиףʲôڰϹǺòײŰϹסżʱȨԲУκ˶谭ǣ
ϹȻĬҽĬûа취ˣǾͿûа취ˡ
Ϲڼʱ˵ԼҸڷ绪¥Ϣ֪һŷ绪¥ȥҲǵһʱ˹ȥ
壬⻰ͲˣүүҲѾҹҽûгɹҲܷϣ˵λС绹ܰһѡ
ϹӺ
ϹҲû뵽ʱȻϹСӣϹ飬ϹȴϹˢһѺøС
Ů˳ɹǰһĸĳĺһϳ˵һڿ佱ϹΪ˵ġ
һϣȷʵǳ˵ϡ
˵ϹŮӾȻǳΪεϵĵߡ
Ǻǣ˵˭أԭǰ䣬ôҲžܾȺүүղϹĻϹҲˡ
ǿĬ;ͲʲôҩʦϹֹۣĬЩ£ҪȺϹҲܡ
һ룬ϹҲ˲١
Ϲ֣صصͷĿϹ𽻻㣬΢΢Ͷȥһ򶨵ı飬ԸȥţҲûа취ǡŸ磬Ҳλӣ
ΪϹģԲԸȥš
ʵĬ̫ˣȫĻҽӣһỳĬҲΪ档
䣬Ҫˣڲµʱ˿žͲʲôˣϹ֮ǰĬϳ˿ʱԲ˸ĬĨڵġ
˵ǿžͲǸ˵Ĭ΢΢˳飬תͷİҹҹ˵Ҳһ˰
İҹ΢ϹŵĿһۡ
˵̫ˣ
ϹʶˣҪԼȻκηӦʱ䡣
ֻİҹһӣƺֻǺػ˻һתͷĬʱɫˣԺܷ̰ˡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣վİҹߣûпİҹôֵġ
֪İҹһǶʲô
ϹŲ־ǸͻȻԼ˵ˣƴҪ˵ֻܷӡɳ
䣬ǸղǸˣ
һ
ղİҹɨɨ䣬Ϲֻһ󾢷Ϯ֮Ͳ˵ˣ
̫ˣ
Ǳİҹ˺һӶܿ˵ô˲䣬ϹȴǲɺݺݵһȥھʵǰСĸһֻ⣡
ϹеһκԼղŸһҪ˵ЩԼĬҲģ
ϹŲɵӣʶϹȻǿڰ֮Ѿڲǲ˵˵Сûˡ
˻ϹȴѾѡ뿪


520 ⶾػϹң3
ô˵ϹгĬİҹ̬һǿڣͲõʲôĵط
ϹڿİҹҲһӱŵˣʵ̫ǿԼ˵ʲôöԷĻһʰ˾Լ
Ҳɴһ˿ŵؿİҹλүϹҵ飬ԡ
Ĭ֪İҹˣ뷨ǲˣûзİҹľ
˵Ǿһܶ׮أĬ΢΢üǰİҹǰС͵ˡ
⣡ȻϹҲû뵽Ĭ˵⻰ϸһ뵹Ҳס
ղźĬǼǺϹһͬģҲ˵ǼϹѣܴܾǳϹģ
нţȴҲûȫֳ
ϹӺ߳һҲû뵽һֱĬ˲Ľɫ
蹫ӣ
Ĭ΢΢ͷĿ䵽ϹϣϹС㣬֮ǰ˵ȥݷϹʦѧԺҩǰʦҲٶ˵ܰϹ
ԭˡ
ֲ֮ǰĬ˵ԭѾ˴㣬ҩͽܣϻҩĵҩһĶȻĬġ
һʧˣ
Ϲ΢΢ĬϵĵҩҲһܽϹϵĶҩͲˣѵĬϵĵҩô
ƽʱʱ򣬵ӳԶУΪʦҲвٻͽ׼һЩЩĶˣرҲͲˡһᣬȻĬ˼ɣҲûȫϡ
صصͷǻҪ鷳蹫ӹүүһ
ǰֻϹϼǲܻϹһ
Ĭ⻰ͦϹΪˣϹԲǶϼ֮ˡ
ȻҲŸ׵ģ
ϹһʱȻҪֳԼվĬߵġ
Ϲҡ
ĬǰӭӽϹֱӽϼķ䡣
蹫ӣ˾ϢǾ㡣
ǲȥϹϼǼķ˼ε̴֮⣬Ϲҵ˶ûʸȥ
̴ӰСͱϹߣϹĹϹҵҲһǼλүҪ꼸ӡ
һϬǶΧʲôݵôż
ϹվһЦݣ꣬ģλ蹫ѧԺҩͽϹĺѣġ
ϹǿһĬϹѣһϹ֪ϹǶˡ˵ĬϹѣȻеķС
õĽĬֱӱߣʲôõˡ
һĬȻĬҲûʲôŵġô꣬ҩͽܣѧٶ
Ŀ⿴Ϲ𣬡ѣ
ϹҲ˵ǴСͰһ𳤴֮ĹϵȻҲǲ
˻ð겻ϲϹһĲ´ˣ෴ǺӴΪϹϵԩϴ壡
ԣĬҵѣ
΢΢ͷһĬˣˣҽȥ˾ˡ࣬ûаĬǼУй°ˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷİɣҲʲô⡣
˵Ŀ֮£ĬȻ߽䣬гģô˲˾ȻҲţĬʲô취ܾͺϹϼĻȻǼһϲҳģ׼ȷ˵ĵһϹˣϵɫͺòˡ
˵ĬваҪʱѼŪøͲˣʶһǳоҩʦȻһǰ壡Ϲ˵
ЩʱôͲϹ飬ڿĬȥͿʼˣʵЩ
ϹһĬıֱʲôһ
Ĭԣ
Ϊ˲ϹⷬΣĬȻҲҪΪ


521 Ϲ1
ĬŰţĿһǰߣСֵܣȥϹϼÿ춼ϹʱϹ𣡡
ĬûмϹҲͳŰߵõһϢ
ؿһĬĬϹԼܹѣĬȵȾ֪ˣżʲô
ĬûܴӰߵõʲôϢҲ⣬ûϹ͸¶ԽǱأŰ겢κһߣкֻϹΪס
˵ҲǣҺܿͿԼϹˡ
˵˴ȣӭһľ񻨵ŷ͸һȻµζдŵ㣬Ϲסĵطˡ
ݴζ˱ǣǲԽϰɡ
ĬԼҲϲȲ裬֮ǰѧԺʱҩǱߺȵݴζֱڻǼ£ҲûȻϹסĺԺٴŵζ
΢΢۵ײһĨȣɫͻЩͷԣǱݴζϲݴԺԺбݴζıӲ
Ǳǰү
Ĭһ飬֪ҪôԼźãһԺһ۵׻һĨȣ
ĺµһôƺĲôˣЩ˼ʱ˷˵ļҪùˡ
ʦǱߺȹݴ֮󣬾ͶζϹ֮ˡ
ȻΪܴأӡ
ĬŰ˵飬ĳϹĳ֮罵ˮһϲĽ˼ϱкӣȴһżΪůģҪ˵һϹңϼһǰꡣ
еչϼϹΣˣһϣϹ𶼱Ȳϰꡣ
ˣסǰ棬Ѿˡ
Ĭл⣬ԽǰߣǹĲҲԽŨ˲鶼֮
ϰһλ˼ңö˵ȻϹˡ
ǰ棬ȥɡ꿴һĬҲ뿴˺֮ǰЩҩʦʲôͬĵط
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾףǰһϹϣĸϹ¡ĿùϹĬ͸ܹ϶Լ֮ǰ뷨
΢΢˺һվԭء
ͺˣ
Ҳţ֮ǰǼҩʦһҪΧżϺһʱ䣬֮һҪԼǱĥһᣬ˺󡣿Ĭȴȫһˣױģʱ䶼׻̫ˡ
ĬͷѾˣϹңҿҽΡ
ĿԣɲҪ˵ʲô󻰣ʲô⣬һϹҶŹ㣡㲻ҪүݺݵصĬͲֱдҲĹ⼸ˡ
⻰ĬпοȻүվϹߵġ
ԷģҺϹͬͬţȻݺ
ĬһЦĿת򰲾ڴϵϹ΢΢žϹҲǺһϹ˵˵Ķ𣡡
һ˼ĿĬʲô˼
ֱڻǲԸ𣬴ӽʱĲ㣬ٵƽ󣬻кܶ࣬Ҫһһϸ˵𣡡Ĭü΢ޱȷϹ£
⣡㣡
겻ɺݺݵս˫ȭһɺԣһɺԣû飬ôһѵ㻹˵ǹĲɣ
Ϊ֮ڼû׼飬ȴǱĬĿŵ˵ǵļƻκα仯
ĬŲİ꣬ĿתϹķ
ĬݼϹĽϹֻ֪ܹͼһ
ϹϹүүȻĬԶԷʱҲǫ顣
Ĭ֪ϹǰװжصģΪʲôĬţλϲϹġһָоϹҪᣬѼбͼͳͳ¼Աһˡ֮Ϲ̨Ҳʲô谭֮
ò˵ĬѾϹϼ˼͸ˣϹе뷨


522 Ϲ2
ǺǣСӲѾˡϹһЦ⣬شӴȻĬв²һϹܺãûʲôģ
Ȼˡ
벻ףϹ𼸴ҪˣҲֻǿһ㲵ڲϣӵģôĬ֮󣬼ȴ¶˳
㡭
Ϲ΢΢ҡͷȻװеɻ󣬡꣬Щ黹Ҫѧȥ룬λСӶѾҵαװӣǲҪСЦˡ
ʶͷóûܹȫϼ⻰˼һе㣬ֻϼס˵飬ܶԵĴģţȫվڼߣִм顣
ҲΪԸ񣬲Ϲΰ꣬ε飬һϹҲͰһ֪
Ϲ΢΢ҡͷ̾Ϣһôߣӻ̫ڵ࣬㡣

ϹǸͰ˼ңĬףвһĨȣǡô
Ĭ˵֣ҩϵͽȻΪ滹շϹ΢΢뵽ϹôĺѣȻĲ١
˿ˣǺϹͬѣֻҪϹ飬Ȼѡ
ĬҲ˾һˣϹҪݣԼ˵Ҳûʲô⣬οĬҲû˵ѣ䶼Ƿθ֮ԡ
̸˵ľĬϹ֮ɡ
Ĭ㵹Ǻ˵˵ôҲûжϹҲк棬ѾкüҽʦҲûܿʲôԾĵطĬֵôġ
Ĭ΢΢ʵ˵Ѳѣ˵Ҳ򵥡
ʵҲˣʱŵ˿Ʈɢŵıݴζݴֵƣɲһ˼ܳеġȻϹһбݴⲢʲô£Ű겻ڼԵʱҪһݴôȻ˵һ⣬ѵ״̬
ֻҪдлɣȵͻȥѰܹ֤ɻ֤ݡղĬڸϹʱ֣ƽԲж֮ס
ĬϹü΢֪Ľܲü⡣
û뵽ȻһƲҡһ㲻ԣҵ󲻿ܳɡϹڿĬʱоͶĬŨŨĺøС
ĬϹϲ࣬ĬϹŻҪСһЩôȻϹжӱĺӣȻö˵
Ĭ΢΢ͷ֪ղżʱʱ˵Ҳѡһ㳣ֻһԽ죬ȻоԽ⡣ŸղϹײųɡɲǳı֡
Ǻνη
ϹҲɱĬһܵ˼𾪵ˣͷ
佱˵Ĭɫ䣬վԭأ費ģ䵽УҲɶ˼־壬Ҳ϶Ĭ
ٻһˣĬǵһ
л佱
Ĭ΢΢֪Ϲ׼ô
ôϹʲôƻĬ¡
ϹҲǱĬģЦˣ΢΢ѧĬģ΢΢üǲ²¿ϷҪʲô
벻ϹȻĬЦҲɾһ¡

Ĭ΢תҪҲ£ȻϹô˵ˣĬȻ΢΢˹֪ĬҲ¶ˣɷĬһ㽱ͣ
⻹Ҫˣ
겻ɺݺݵüģȻĬⷬΪܲ⡣
Ǻǣ˼ҴӦǣȻҲõģҪµҺҪСϹȻĬһЩͣȫ͵ԼϷĲͷˡ
Ϲ⻰ĬҲԽ΢΢ûв´ĻȻѾǰѹȻҲĬԭڡĬԸæֶԸĻ¶֮ˡ
ѵϹԼԸ˼Ｘֵļһ
ĬæʵҲʲôҪ顣
ãĬȻ鲻գҽˡҪʲôֻҪϷеģҶ㣡
Ҳ˵ĬղŵȷѾϹ˼
ϹװôãȻʱѾѼЩôֵͳͳˣɫؽϵ
ǹףЩ˵ϹзǳҪĴڣͼеĹϵϹԶ֣ϷЩʹࡣĬֵô


523 Ϲ3
꿴̸ģвŨŨľȣͻȻֿм䵽Ƿʲôȫ̶վΪʲôȻͿǵ˵ʲôļӸС
ҲҺð겻׷ЩˣֻҪϹһкúõģͿԷˣ̫ࡣ
Ĭ΢΢ȻϹӦҪΪϹҲܶ׮飬Ȼн͸Ӻˡ
Ϲ΢΢ҡͷˣͷӱĺӣﻹʲôǲ˼˵ģֱӺ˵˰ɣҪʲô
ȻǱϸˣĬҲЩ˼Ͼһ˵⻰Ŀǵش𣬡ʵҲʲôѵ飬֮ǰϹԺпױʵīҲͲҪһ׵ī
һʲô飬ԭҪ˵һֻҪСϲҿԸдϺü㡣
Ϲϲ鷨ˣƽʱ¾ϲ֣ЩԼϲ顣ЩܺԼĵ벻ĬȻ˵⻰Ҳ㹻Ϲиϲк
ҾлϹˡĬһ
õϹĳŵĬºϹԺһ֮µľƻʱҲˡ°ĬӱԺ˳
Ȼв˵濴ĬϢмֱ£ܿͿ֪ȻҲż뿪óʱˢһѴڸҲá
ĬˣϹĿ⿴Ĭ۵׻һĨ˿ɫ
ϹǰһĬүүڵô
Ϲ⻰ҲڳҪʵ⣬˵ĿⶼĬϡͻȻĿĸоĬЩ˼ˣϹͶȥһĵ񣬵ͷϼѾˣûж⡣
㲻Ҫ˵󻰰ϹȻĬ⻰
Ϲܾ綾ҩʦҽʦϹûһ˵ôȷĻĬǽȥã˵⻰ȻĬˡ
㰮žţžͲˣĬͲ˵á
һ򵥵ĿⶼͶϹ
ϹţĬгģʵѾʼţĬܽϹϵĶҩ
ʶս˫ȭ⿴꣬ĬܻΪô˵һЩŵĻǰԲᡣ
꣬蹫˵ǴҶѾкܳһʱûмүүˣүүɺãǽȥүүɣ
ϹĿͷȻ˷׷׸͡
ԴǰҩʦʱԶԶпʱ˭ûмǳʲôԭǶҪȥ
겻΢΢üģ֮ǰнϣκšʵûףΪʲô˵⻰˾ȻϹ䡣
˵ϹϹã˾ǼΪ۰ĺ󱲣ʵʵȴЩʧˡ
ϹɫҲЩãܿĿ⡣
꣬ôʲô⻰ʲô⣬ʲôǴҡ
˵⣬ϹлһĨա̫żˣӦôż˵ЩֻҪϹҵ˶֪˵Ļʹ˼
Ϲ䵱Ŵҵ棬ɰģⲻǵ
˼Ҳû̫ķ룬΢΢ҡͷֻϣⲻԼ˰ˡֻҪûȷ֤ݣǲòõĿ⿴Ϲ䡣
С㣬ģ蹫ӵҽղѾ˺ܴĺתղŶһ¡жȽҪһʱһһһֻԹȥҶһ棬һǵ˼ת
Ȼ˼Щ˵ģЩӦ˵ģжֵüΪ
ҪӰõʲôӿɿϢȻǲܵˡ
ϹһүүȻˣ
ע⵽Լԣֲ̫ˣ̫ˣҾ˵蹫Ӻһʧġ
ֻ۵׻ĨգѾܺõسϹ˿̵İյ顣
˵ʵϹû뵽ĬȻκϹϵĶԣⶾˣͲˡ
˫ս۵׻һĨâܣԲܾ鷢չ
ڱϣϹһɫûбֳ


524 Ϲ֮ң1
ϹһֱעԼɫı仯ǾҪŮĨʹޡ
ϹһʹԸţӲԸϣ谮ıˡϹѾǹȥǸϹ䣬ҲǸϵϹ䡣
˵ʧѹ
ĬүүҪˣ㣡ϹתͷٿϹ𣬲ȻĵģԽǿԽѹƲסԼƢǰϹݺݵһ١
Ĭ΢΢ǵȻҼȻŵˣȻῴϹȬŻġ
˰Ŀ϶ټĬʦģ˶òгϣμоˡ
ϢĴкܶڷı䣬ͬвͬĶԲߣÿ˻ѡӦԣҲʾ˺ǻٵĽ֡
Ժ
Ĭ΢΢ü⿴Ϲ𣬡Ϲǿˣ
ղŜϫӮֻϹסԺû뿪ȻҲͲ֪׷ʲô飬ĬɫԽˡ
⵽Ƿʲô飬ҲҪѽҺӮǵϢأϫŵĿĬ
Ϲ
ĬЩҪغϹĲܡİҹȻĬ˵ʲôʲôϹ̫ڸӣĬʺϲ档
ĬڶѾ뵽ȥˣİҹȻҲö˵ʲô
Ϲ㵹˵ѽĬ⻰ʲô˼Ƕڵ㣬һʲôѵǷĲɣ
Ϲ̾Ϣһ˫ʶս̾һҲԣĲ뵽Ȼ
˵ʵϹ֮ǰѾ⣬ΪϹ䣬谮ãϹԸվΪϹ䶥
Ϲⷬɲ˵ǣֻÜϫǼӺͿ
⵽ôˣ˭
ϫ벻ף˭Ϲάˡ
ĬƳһϹ𣬲ھڱϹϣֻϹԼˣʱͷˣҲ̫˼
İҹסĬĸ첲΢΢ҡͷ뿴ĬΪ˵ôġ
ϹЩŶԷΪǣΪ˶ԷʵʵҲסİҹΪʲôôʲôվĺڰ
ϹһȷղİҹЩûġ
ԴӷܴǺϹйأϹˣúþú˼һ
İҹһѣϹԸ˵ǡ
һȻ˵ǲϹнܣս˫ȭԣ˵öԣһ˹ƻ˰䣬ƭҪүү¶
Ϲ䣿
ϫ֣ҲһӾˣȻϹ䡣
ܶˣʹûлɹϹ䡣ϹϹãϹܵݵʱҲΪϹ취һжϹԼ飬Ǿֲ̫ˡ
һǲĬʵǺžȻһࡣ
ĬȷûŪôϹأ
ȻǺⲻѾô˶Ϲˡ
Ĭ΢΢ʱ鿴˿£ֻ۾Ҫѧӣȥ
ϫݺݵس˳ǣôڱĬ̲ĸо
ѾȷˣҾͲ˵ˡϫ̯̯֣ϹŪô飬ǵȷϹѹǸˡ
ǰһϹļ򣬡ǡ
Ļô˵ȥˣϹҲ֮ˡ
Ϲ׵ģ֪ʲôҪ飬ȻϹã˴£Ҳ׷Ź
˵ͺˣҲʡôģʱɲҪۡ
ĬȻѾӦϹϼѾʼ˼ԼҪôܵõõĽ
ϹһĬѾ̫æˣһ鶼Ҫ鷳ĬЩⲻȥ
Ĭ齻ңҿԵġ
˵ϹĴϹ׼Լִ
õĻǾͽɣһֵɡĬһϹҪΪϹҵļ̳ˣδϹ̫ɲӹһ壬οϹҵôӡ
ǼڻЩ飬ȫûע⵽Ľ䣬վһŮˡս˫ȭҲû뵽Ϲж龹ȻϹѲϵ
ܿʳŮΪĵ顣
ϫһתڲ˵⣬ĬղҲϹ˰ɣϹֻҪϹû¾ûˡ
Ů⣬˲һ˾ָעеߵ㣬һҪŪе顣
Ϲ塭
Ĭ˵꣬ͻȻİҹĬĸ첲΢תͷİҹİҹʾ⣬Ĭл⣬Ŀ˳İҹָķȥȻڽ￴Ůȹӵ½ǣ͵
Ĭһû뵽Ȼ͵
ԷȻǵƤӵ²֣ȻĬûзֶԷһΪûע͵ͬҲܺԶԷʵȷǲڴҵƤӵ͵Ȼ֣ܲҲһֱ졣
ϫ΢΢һ㶣Ĭô⻰˵һͲ˵ȥˣⲻôż
æ˳ȥϹ嵽ôˣĬ㲻Ҫ˵һͣס˰Ƕأ
ĬһûǸһ͵͵ˣĬ˵ֱӰϹʵ˵ˡڵȻһˡ
ոҪʲôҩڼȲ˺Ϲ壬ͬʱ̶ϽϼϵĶԡ
Ĭ˵һû˻ỳĬ⻰ں˵ѡ
ϹĬⷬҲܵĬĲס
Ĭǲүү岻Ǻܺá
İɣʲô⣬ֻҪȫ˼ϵĶԣҪҪһʱˡĬһϹļ΢΢Ҷ֪ϹҲһ£ݾߡ
ӮҲĬ⻰صصͷӦòʲô󰭣Ҿ˵ϴڣõġϹ㲻Ҫ̫ģ
лл
֮˵ЩʲôĬ΢΢ҡͷİҹȻԷĬ֮ⷬѾ뿪ˡ
Ǳ͵˵˵˭
ǲòˣҲҺĬ˵ݾ֮ǰ˵顣Ǹ˳ȥҲܵõĽ


525 Ϲ֮ң2
ԣĬϹϹ֮󣬸òԼ˵ò˶ʱͻ᳹ѹӦ
ϹסıԺ
һ꣬ݺݵšüģͷӾȻҪˣʲô鰡
˵ϹһưϵĲһԶͳͳɨϣ޲ֱˣûô
ϹûˤմƿӴӵϼ·ϣжҪˡϹŶΪԼⱲӲ˵ˣ벻ȵҩЧȥֱ֮ӾȻ˵ˣֱҸˡ
ʧ˵ϹһͺǵϣûƢˣֻҪܺúõĻžѾܺˡ
˵֮ǰϹлϹҵȨжٲͼôһ׮ܱסԼһǺˡȨƽǮãҲȲϻҪ
ϹҲ벻ˣƽʱʱϹѾԿˣȻ侲һԲ
ͷؿϹţҿϹ㵽ʲôһվǱʲôأǱư˲ɣƽʱʱǺ˵ȣ
Ϲһڰ˲Ϲ˵ʲôѾˣоκҪϹϹҵ˼
ֻҪĬǸµһ죬İ취ǻʲôˡڴǼ֣Ȼȵǳֵʱֻа֮ǰõĺôͳͳ³
Ϲţʲô˼֮ǰڷ绪¥ܵ𣡡Ϲ˵
Ϲ̯̯֣ʾԼҲѾΪˣûа취ˣүүϾҪѹˣϹ˵ҲһֺôүүҪϹҸ˭͸˭Ϲұүү˵㡣
ԣϹѾ⣬˵ʲôУҪôڣԼûκιϵ
Ϲţ˼ǾôˣϹɺݺݵšüģ֮ǰϹϣܹ˵һϹҡڵǺˣϹһתˡ
ϹһˣȻѾõĴ㣬ȻҲʲô㲻˵
ؿһϹҲǿˣֱھȻռϹңһֳɡ
壬Ծڴˣ׮ǲ׼ٹˣȰҲ֡Ϲ˻ˮʵ̫ң֮ǰѾռ˺ôþղǴ˵ĵ
ϹףɻؿϹţΪǿеĺôԲŲԸ֡
Ѿܵ˸ֺôƴһѣõĺôȴҪ֣ʵ
ˡϹϹŵ۾ȷû˵ѡ
ϹҲǼмˣһ۵ʱѾµϹʲôޱ֣صصͷȷѾ׼ٲУò˶ãүүҲٶ࣬үүиӲˡ壬ӦңүүжûйϵȻ˭Ҳûȥ
ô࣡
ϹҲɱϹ⻰ŵˣҡͷСӲҪңôܻԸ֡⻹𣡡
Ϲ磬ȴǲɿʼ飬ϾԼ֮ǰҲаϣԺүԶѲ˵źܴĺô
֮ǰϹϼβҽʦҲвǺϹ˵˵ģֻڱϸϼβġ
Ϲ΢΢ͷ΢΢侲ú֮Ϲˡ֮ǰϹΪϼ¶֮ˣϹ𣬲ȻϹҲⶾ
֮ǰΪϹԼ¶һ뷨ȴˣˣԲϹǧǧţֻҪûжԼ¶ô飬ûйϵѹ鷳ˡ
ϹҲһӱϹģŵˣһͣɵĿϹţͻȻʲôǱˡ
ϹŵѣϹҲһӷӦͷԶԶԣ˵öԣǧȻǷ򡣲Ϲţ˵ϹǸԼ¶ĵ˭
Ϲв뵽һˣܿͱˣôܻ
صҡͷôܻ֪֪Ҳôˡ壬ֻҪҵĻǧҪһЩ飬ȻҲﲻ㡣
ãҵȻˣһҪлл㣬Ȼһȣ˵ʲôԼڵˡ
˴ۣϹϹҲǴ˹ʶԲӦ䣬Ϊʵķ


526 Ϲ֮ң3
ϹϹĶԻͬҲϹķ䡣
Ů˼ʶݺݵšüģǰ毺õˣϵķ֮Ҳɸˡץһͷ㵽Ǹһش𰡣֪֪ĬȻκүүϵĶԣүүѹǾĶҪˣ
ȻϹĽźͽ꣬Կȥ͵ܶˡ
΢΢ѸոݺõĲϹǰü΢ʲôⲻүүûأͷʲôʱѹҲһδ֪䵣ֻûз飬úܵµĿ֣
ϹԼôһѲ豭Ȳȥȴ˿ƽ˿̷顣
Ǻǣôһ۾һ۾뵽Ķүүѹ龰Źҵģ
㵽׶үүѹǵζʲô
ϹȻ벻ˣôô
΢΢ҡͷ䣬̫ˣܷʲô飡ͷϲŮѵͷĻΪԭֱɱ㲻ɡ
ȻᣡүүϹһӶ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźãϹ֪ģҲŹҵģĻɱң
ϹϹںˣʲôϹѡϹ䣬һ漰Ϲȫһˡ
Ϲ䶼벻ˣԼʱôͻȻϣȻԼүү¶顣
ע⵽ϹеʹͺڣһתǰһŵСŮ§ˣҲԣ㲻ҪҪţ鶼Һòãҵı
Ϲһᾫ߶ȼУһѽңʲô鶼˵˸§ڻĪһɣлһ˿ɡ
𣬶㣬׼ôϹϲˣȻҲᱻ˸ƻ󣬾Ȼ顣ɫţס˵ļ򣬡㲻ҪǶɵӣҲ뿴¡
ɵϣҲ¡
Ȼһοһ㶼Ϲзģ㲻ҪҲʧȥ㣡Уȥ͸罻ȥԭ£ȥүүԭǣ㶼˵үүϲľˣһԭǵģ
Ҳû뵽Ϲ侹Ȼ˵⻰ɺݺݵšüġ
Ҳ˵ʲôϹˣȻԼ̫࣬ػһˣ㲻Ҫˣǿ϶İ취
ϹѾһƬˣܱ˵ʲôܺúþú˼
ãģҶģ
ǰϹסˣһתظŮ˵ļѾ˾
΢΢ˣа취ġ
û뵽ϹǸϼһȻ˾綾л
˲ָս̫ڲƽˣУһѰ취ζ¶Ͳͷӻÿζôˡ
ȻĬѾܵĬڴвֻĬҲûܾϹͷӣ
ĬԼҲ뵽ȻΪԼϹβԭѾñ˶Լ׼һɵ
ȻĬѾ֪飬Ҳж⡣
ϹңϹҲΣյľضܣټĬԼʵԼο߻İҹǶᱣĬԼİȫ
İҹ§ĬļⰵϹΣ²ûʲô󰭰ɡ
Ĭһ֮ǰİҹͺʹһվ棬ôµϹʲô鶼ûأ
תסİҹĲӣϻһĨҹôµģ
ȻĬѵõİҹѣ޲ݺݵرסǰСŮˣ֮İҹҲȷôģĬһ§
ҲµˣϹǸˣԲԼ˸¶ȴһ׼ûСҪΪһɹļԱȱٲ˵һ㣬زκˡ
İҹĽͻǲܺܺõĬţ΢΢ҡͷɲȻԼΪ˶Լֱ֣Ƿʤ
ĬԼҵļǻӻŵ˶Լ¶϶Ҳʲô֮ġ
İҹĬ˼΢΢Ȼֻһ㣬Ϲж֮пϹҳʲô𣡡
ĬʶҡͷһҪ˵ʲôұҲֻϹڲ֮Ķȴ˿ӰһϹҵķչҾǱ˴֮ȨƣõҲǺܶࡣ
һϣĬ֣гϹļʵҲǺѾôʱ䣬Ҳûܹĵõ棬ϹУȴûϹ׬
ֻҪ֮ϴϹϵôϹƱػΪϹ޿ɺǵĵˣ˭Ҳˡ
ôһ룬ĬƺʲôûϹİаæϹȻҲôɹ˵ϹҪľϹʲôվĻΪϹúһ
һжϹԼģ
Ĭ뵽жɲһĪĿ־壬һжϹԼ飬ʵֲˡ
İҹ΢΢ҡͷĬϸ˼ȴҲҪĬ˶ǻˡ
ҲǣֻϹӦǽƾͼƣȻҪӺҲǷһ㣬һԻԷ򣬶Ҳ˶ΪϹѾزʱ򣬳ûϹҵҡ
İҹʮֵλĬкȻİҹ
һ˲˲ضİҹ۾۵Ժͳݡ
ҹ㲻ѽúܵλأ
İҹ΢΢ҡͷ磬ҪĬĬܶϹҵ飬Ҳⷽġ
ǺǣĬ׼ôϹҲѾͳһɡ
ǰϹжҵǸ¶֮ˣ˶ԷǡĬݣȻҲԳ֣⵽ϹԼڲ飬ǲѾϲµ˭ϹԼֱǡ
ʱĬĺģ֪ԷϹΪ׽ãĬȴҪϹƣ֮Ϲ֡
ҹ᲻̣ܲ
Ĭ΢΢üʱԼЩ˼ˡ


527 ׷ɱΧ£1
İҹȻĬʲô⣬ص˵ĬԴСɵϣܺáϹԺϹļ̳ˣһļ̳ĹҲʧˡ
Ӳ˵Ǽ̳кһΡ
İҹôһ˵ĬҲö˺ܶࡣ
ҹã
ôĬĬжϣֻҪԼܹе뷨Ѿ㹻
İҹᣬؿĬͺһ硣
ĬȵܣҪĳŵһ֣
ĬףǶѾһôˣÿÿİҹ⣬ĬͻƲסرԷס
صصͷȻмǵһ㣬ҲҪ޸㣬ʮױֻΪ޸㣡ҺõĶԲԣ
ĬѲѣЩʱ򣬻ǻƲסؽİҹĬⱲӶ϶ˣҪߵһǻƲסĽţŵڴ
ȵʱǾĳ׳Ϊ˴˵Ҳ룬ֻԸء
û뵽ϹȻºʵ֪ϹеĶҩʲôҲнҩģȻֻǰϹߣʲôû
Ϲŵ˵ȵϴϵԩ֮׼ףǸʱ򣬰ѾվϹϵĶԣϹҲһӸмԼ
ȻܣϹֻȻûпܵõѡ
ϹȻºĿԣֱӰ쵽Լ档
ŴҶûע⣬ϹԺУûƽ￴ʲôһطŮȻͬһ档
ҹɫ谵һĳԺӡ
ϫ벻ɺݺݵüĳ͵͵ŵӰӣôˣô͵͵ţѵʲô⡣
ϫ㿴ʲôˣˣ㻹ȥϢʱ䲻ˡ
ӮƵ𣬜ϫ飬㶼Ӯŵˣݺݵص˶ԷһۣӮʱôվȥϢҪҸˡ
ŜϫŵģӮҲЦ΢΢ҡͷô뵽ҹ㻹棬վҵķǰ棬ô죡
ϫûע⵽ԼվҲǸŰ˹뵽ղſģܾŮ˱󻹲ʲôɸ˵ܡ
ӮҸղžͿţое⣬Ҳ͸ųˣҪһȥϫһӮԼһ뿪Ҳиշ
ϫһָоܷʲôǳ˲õ飬һ˿¸㲻
䣬ǲǸϹߵǸСŮϹҲĹ֮ǾҪˣʲô⣡
ӮвΪȻҲܶלϫ顣ǰһһϫļ򣬡ϫϹĸ飬Ǽһ鵱ȻǲһҲԶֿĬİʦһˣϹ֮ҲȢ䣬ԺҲӺõˣûвɢ֮ϯҲҪˡ
ϫݺݵüģ˵˰죬СӻΪԼΪʰõϹģԲŻݺ䲻ɣ
𣡡
ϫݺݵضӮ˵һֱ֣ӻͶԷ
Ӯݺݵس˳ǣشĬ𣬼Ϊ϶ȻǣһȥɡɴС
ϫһǰһסĬļ򣬡ĬҾ֪ˣеöˣҪǣһСŮˡ
Ӯ΢΢һ㶣ȻڷеŪĬˡ
ϴѵҲðʲô⣬Уʲô⣬ҪȥϹֱܲܿĵŮ˸ƭˣ
Ӯʲô˰ΪʲôĬ˵ˣң㾹ȻСǼһ㜯ϫͲģǲ
ӮҲЩ˼ˣġ
Ҳԣһģ֮ӦȥϹ𣡡
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷҲûȷڸϹӰ֮ĸ飬Ǽȥͺáû⵱ȻõģٺϹ˵Ҳ
ȻѾˡ
ʲôң֮ٸңھվֱ˵ɡ
Ϲ𣬿ǰѴҶһ
ҿϹ·ûǻ˵ģ
ϫݺݵؿϹҲǼȸӡ
ò⣬ʲôֱ˵ɣǼ֮䣬ҪŶԷ𣡡ϹģһҪ֪ˡ


528 ׷ɱΧ£2
ĬɫӵؿһϹ𣬡ϹˣһҪ֪ǲǣ
ϹĬϾɫһʶصͷԣ֪Ȩ
ǺãˣһȥɡĬ΢΢ͷȻϹԼѡȻҲֹ
ǜϫзŲ£Ϲһû
Ĭ
İɣǻ߲ǣϹ֪Ȩ
ѵÿĬı飬ϹԼ˵Ҫ֪֪࣬ô˲䣬Ȼ֪ĸо
İҹл⣬Ĭ˵ͷ߰ɡҸղϷӫۣڸŹȥҲü
ȻİҹٶȣǶûпİҹʲôʱ֣ѾһС
İҹͷĬ󣬺Ϲ𡢜ϫ롢Ӯˣһһȥ׷䣬Ҳ˵Ǵˡ
Ҳ뵽ôһʱ䣬Ѿȫ¶ڴҵУѾв˳ĽŲĸϹ
ߵ֡
ַܵǳΣǸ˽ͷĵطֻҪѣ˾ͻһʱϹ
ǸŰϹϹҵˣ֪ϹҾȻôһεĵطȻŮתͷ˲䣬ϹҲǿ˰գܶˣȴǴûǰ䡣
ôҹʲô
ֱϹжʶŰ䲻ᱳԼһʲô飬ԲŻ
ĬϹڵ飬˭Ҳ֪ൽʲô羲䡣
ԼҪģܵȻᷢʲô㿴ʲôˣұְ
ٿĬģ˶һӱĬŵˣһ˭ҲҶ˵һ䣬ǱĬǳˡ
ϹȻҲڵ̫ڼֻһ׮׮𾪵ˡôãҲƭϹ𶼲֪Լһӻʲôǿŵˡ
׵ġϹݺݵս˫ȭһԼһˣӦ
ҲϹԼİοɹˣضԭأһԲ
ϫͻȻ۵ĸоԭϹǼмΪˣھϹҪеô飬ôܲۡ
ŲϹߣһ¶ԷļԼʵжˣܷʲô飬վߡ
Ϝϫĵ⣬ô˲һůϹģһˣ
Ѵ졣
Ȼһʱ䣬غ˵Ӱͳڴҵǰλñźˣ˵档
һɣǿ˵գϹϾҪˣ
һ氲Ҳ룬żɽŵɫԿóڰҲǽš
΢΢ЦĿŰ䣬𣬡һΪ㶨ϹҵүѾ׼ˡϹ϶ĶòˣЩ㲻õģϹ߲иⶾˣֻҪɱͺá
һûȻİ취תһҲȷֻҪɱܾϹˣôϹɣ
һ漰Լ棬Ҳ뵽һЩ־бֶΣֻҪĽǶԼġڰ
һսָʲôҿ԰æģӦңȵ׮֮ͻ᳹׷ɣϣ˵
һ֪⳰ڳЦ䵥ʲô
żҪָƽҪúõغϹһһӣһ㶼롣
ݺݵս˫ȭɫӦҵģ
˺ķһ㣬΢΢ͷ΢΢İɣ˵ɣͻɡ㿴ʲôʱ˵㻰ˣֻҪ֮Ҫʲôȥʲôɡ
ǵõԼҪĻشǿԷĲ١
ãˣĬүԺҿ԰¶
ȻģʲôΪԼɣԾͿֱӰĬŪǺĲ̣
⻰İҹͲˣŮЩֵܶģҪĬע⵽סİҹĸ첲ɾǻİҹֱȥ˸ˡ
Ҫ˵ΪܵĻϹû뵽ԼҪȢŮˣȻĻĻ֮һ
Բ𡭡
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ׮ûйϵǵڰһа취ġ


529 ׷ɱΧ£3
ĬϹǼڶԷûзӦ֮ǰֱ뿪ԭء
»صϹסԺ䡣
ϫһôʲȥݺݵضĬ۾ĬҾ벻ˣղʲôǾӦֱȥʸôܾôˣǸʲôϹ𣡡
˵ꜯϫתͷϹȻ׷飬ϹҲ뿴òϹ˵˾ǱŮ˸ƭˣ󻹾˼ΪԼã
ϹҲû뵽мӵİ侹ȻˡɫΪѿ ۿ飬˵ò˶ãѾŮ˸Ȣؼˡ
ķϹ붼ġ
ҵ⣬ʶ˲壬ҲҺô緢֣Ȼ鷳ˡ
ȻϹѾӸղֵлתǾð䲻ҲǽڰȫȫΪãվߡ䲢ˣôȻϹҲܺܺõİ׮¡
΢΢ǷģҺܺãûʲô⡣
ϹŴҵ˵⻰һҲɷ˲١Ĭвһ䲻ϹպʧʱֵŮˣϹ̫⡣
Ĭ΢΢ͷ׾ͺãǾ͵벻ͨϹ׼ô죬˵ǴҲи׼ֻ˵׼ðô죡
ڸղŵʱĬֱӿԼ֣ǰĻȻĬʲôûİҹһȻоҪϹ˼
Ϲ΢΢ĬͷһӶĬæûĬϹҲ֪Լǲ
ģŮ˲ǿˡʱʹİ취ãϾѾõԼҪĶȴʲôûеõ
ϹڜϫУһĸоͻȻֻðĸоֵؿһϹ𣬜ϫͻȻԼûпϹĸо
찡ϹһҲǺˣˣͻȻоӶ˵ʲôˡϫһ飬ʾԼĺΡ
Ӯһһϫļ򣬡˺ˣûʲôϵԼ㶨Ҳǲġ
Ӯ⻰Ǻܿ׵ԣô˲䣬ϫ뾹Ȼûͦôһġ
ĬаҡͷҪǜϫ̫ˣǸոԼжϹ˼֪Ϲ׼Ȣˣһʱ䰲ѾױϹų硣
Ҳһ£ĬԼ󿴺ϹͰһ𡣷ϫϹƽʱʱҲᳳ֣ĵ˹ؼʱ˭ҲᱳѶԷǳһ㣬ҲǱ˴ʺϡ
ôһɾʣӮһ˻ǹ¼ҹˡ
İҹ˵ĬԴ̾ϢԼСŮ˵ôģѵӦĻ¡
ˣЩҲܲˣԼȥ㶨ͺá
Ĭл⣬ůůģижʲôİҹԶǸ˽ˣһ͹ˡ
ͷţҲˣԼȥ㶨ǾԱ߿־ͺá
ò˵Ѿȷ˻ɵĶԷټϹ֪Ϲ岢ûʲô󰭣ڿԺݺݵһˡһϹ׼ʲô飬Ҳ˵ȫõġ
ϹתͷĬǣ̾һ֪ʱԼֵԵЩǣǻǲò˵һ䡣
ĬѾˡ֪İʦʵܲǻСΪϡЩ˻ö
Ĭ΢΢ͷתİɣһǺϧģñл˽ˡ㣬Ϲܶ˾Ϳˣעһ㡣
ϫůůģͻȻɾദģʽ
ˣҲҪ໥ˣעһ㡣ǻ˵£ѵ÷ǜϫ˵Ҫ˵£ҵעйϫǼ˵ʵҲôһ飬ҾǾðɣ֮ǰǲǾͻϹǱ˸ƻģֳһͰͷˡǻ᲻ãһıʵֻһˣǸղ԰Ǹˣ
ϫһǾȻҲɾÜϫ⻰ûʲô⡣ʵ벻˸ղǸԺˣһҪ֪ĻҲ¶ǵĿ
ϫ㲻ѽǿˣ
Ĭһ뿪Ц˵ϫ벻һ죬صĬһۣʲôҿˣһֱܴòã
ԶԶԣǵĜϫһֱܴҾ;Üϫ⻰һⶼûУ
ӦԵİ취ϹϵҲ˺ܶࡣ
ֱʱϹףŲµ˾Ǽˡ


530 ˣĸף1
ҹɫԽأƺʱ˶Ѿ˯ߵ״̬
ȻԽʱô˳ҹߡ
ôϫӭϹ΢΢һ㶡
Ϲһô˲䣬еǺ˼ͳͳʧǰֻɫɻСŮˡ˵İŰɡ
Ϲ˵ֻǶԼɵЦϫֻЯ}ûţʶһϹڷʲôأں˵أôˣôȥ˯
㲻ҲûϢ˶Ŝϫ۾á
ô˲䣬ϫĪԼһϹ˵Ľ࣬һŰСƲסطÿķΡ
ʶڶȷ磬ⲻ̫ˣҲǾͳ𣡡
ȣ
ϹһܱߵĻⶼѾټϜϫԼľͲǺܶ࣬ôܻȡȴҲҴĳСŮ˵Ŀķǣ΢΢ǰһҲ˯ţһߡ
ϹĿϫԭǾúȣȵðˣһ飬һ
ҾһеˣϹ㲻ĻһɢɢȻȥ˯ˡ
óϫԾڶϹϹ˵ʲô̬Ϲкǲôˣ֮䲻Ӧ衣
һסϫĸ첲ɹֹ˜ϫӱܡ
ϫ΢΢һ㶣䵽Ϲϣʲôſѽ
Ϲ˵ʲôҲſݺݵҡͷҲſܣֻҪ˵˵Ҿʲô˼
ȻǱϹˣϫԽ˼ˣѵҪΪˣԻò˼֪˲һԲԼϣԸӲ˵ദ
ЩϫΪԼô˵ˡ
Ϲɿˣֲӱ㣬ſңһȥ˯
ֱʱĳСŮ˻ǲ˵ʵϹǰСŮ˵۾ǰһ֮Ҳκο϶
ˣ˯
ҿ
ʲôھ˯Ļ˵
ҪҪô
ϫɵĿǰˣͻȻԼе㿴Ϲˡ
һƻӿǰƵݺݵüģϹˣ֪˵ʲô𣡡
Ϲ֪Լղ⻰⣬Ǳϫݺݵ˦һƣҲûʲôðûڵĵطͷϣԣҲãϫһᣬŷúġ
˵ϫ벢ӦôӦϹһҪ󣬿Ŀⴥ۵׵Ĩˣһľͺܵ˳صĴ̼Ѿߵľܾûܿڡ
ã˵˵š
ǵõŮ˿϶ĻӦϹҲԺݺݵػһˡ
ϹŮ˵Աߵͤ¡
죬ˮҹɫá
ô˲䣬ϫ뿴ϹһͷÿīڿҡҷɷǺÿһľȻô˲䱻ƻˣס
Ůһ죬ʶ㿪ϹƵĿ⣬ˣˣҪ˵ʲôֱ˵ˡ
ŮŤСģĺˣϹ΢΢ʵϫҲûԼ
ϫлҪ˵֪˵ЩһЩͻЩеķθ֮ԡҺϲˣ
ϫѾȫסˣϹҪԼ˵ʲôû뵽˻ͻȻʱ˵⻰
㣬˵ʲô˵һ飡
ŜϫһӦϹ͸ܹȷϫˣԼ֮ǰί
˵һٱһǧ飬һһ仰ϲˣ
찡ϹǷ𣡲һǷˣȻҲ˵ĺϫݺݵҡͷ˵ʲôϹ˵Щ顣
֮ǰ˻ڴǰʦ˵ҪȥΪޣҪˣǶãһתϹֱվǰԼϲˣ
ϫԼһǷˣŻϹһ
Ϲ֪˵⻰ÜϫţǼȻѾڣҲûʲôùǵˡ
ؿŜϫ۾һ棬֪ڶ˵⻰һ˵һСҿ㱣֤֮˵Ļģ
ϫһɣǿԼ氲
ãҵҪ֮˵ʲôϫ⳰вϹĻһͺڲϹƻϹһƻȥ
ϹһɣֻҪϫԸȥͺá
֪˵⻰úܲ˼飬ҾбҪҵ㡣Ϲ΢΢˶٣Ҳ뵽ԼȻѾ֮ǰԼȫһˡ
ڷϲʱҲоܾȣڲ֮ǰǸʱѾŵ˻ȢΪޡ֪ԺŮϫԺҲԲþ׼޸ңӲ˵Ѿӵ¡
һҪ˵ʲôҲֻܹϹʱֻ̫ܿŜϫ룬ȴʲô


531 ˣĸף2
ϫ⳰ǣԺŮ˵ʲô
ǺǣȻ֪⻰㲻Ӧ˵ָҪ˵ϫʹޣ֮ǰԼѹ֪ϹȻҪȢˣҪʧȥһ˵ʱ򣬲Żг˶ԼжôҪ
ϫҲʶԼϹ𲻿ߵһ֮жôʹԼԺ󶼲ܺ׽Ȼ΢һ㳬Խ޵飬ͻᱻ
ʱ򣬜ϫеĽʹϹʲô飡
ϹǺˣһ򵥵ĶԲͿ԰֮ǰзһʹɣǲҲ̫Сˣ
Ϲ𱻜ϫָûκη˼ϣǣһжҲãҶԲ㣬ϫ
ҲϫݺݵƿϹļܾ˵ĿҪô죡ҪҳΪ֮ĵߣǸ
ֱڣϫУϹ϶ϲ䣬һ˲һŮˣôܻ³׵ŵԡ
Ϲ¶ĺ͜ϫ˵ȻҲѾ֮ǻ鶼һ
࣬ϫһᣬһʱ䣬Ϲֻһ
ǰأ
ҲףϹᶨֱӷ֮Ĺϵ΢΢˶٣֪Եúܲ£Ҳϲ䣬¶ݺүүйأ۷ʲô飬Ҷܺһˣ
Ϲ׿ڷԼͰ֮Ļ£ϫҲ֪Ǹ˶һ㣬ѹһ㡣
ûаͶϹ¶֮йصϢúõĺͰӣ𣡡ϫнĻЩһĸ鲻ͱ˵滻
ûа֮ڲֵԼ
ϫϲϹ𣬵ȴǲԼԸ¼
ϹԸƭϫĸ飬΢΢ͷǣû׮飬һͰһ𣬳ӣһֱƽȥļ貢ڣҲϲĸΪһ˱Ժӵʱǵһߵˡ
ϹѾúˣָ鲻ϲŮ֮ĸ飬һָм
ֱϹӱķָ֣лǼٵģǶүү¶֣
ңˣϹҾңҪ
ϫһһӶҪըһȫ侲
ϹȻҲ᲻ǿȜϫ룬һͷãһʱ䣬ϫ㲻ýţҲѹҶġ
ţһʱ䣬Ҫú롣ʵϫѾ˾ϲǣϲϹ𣬵ǴСĽܽܡ
Ϲʱ䣬˰ԼͰ֮鳹ŪˣȻҲǜϫϹʱ
Ҹʱ䣬ҜϫԲͱ˵ĸ飡
Ϲһ֣˜ϫ⻰е˼ⷢãϫңҺܿͻЩ鶼Ūʱ׷㣡
ϹҲѾе˼ϫ΢΢ãҵ㡣
˵ꜯϫҲĲ˼ˣСŶ㿪Ϲߣֳ䶨ĸоѣôϫ˵һˡ
Ŝϫ뿪ıӰϹǿƲסһĨÿĻȣң
ȻϹǜϫ붼֪ǽϽڱ׵ĳŵһжһ˵С
ݺݵս˫ȭָģѾ۽棬ȫûиоۡ
Ů۵׻ŨŨĳôҲ벻ѾʱϹȻ͜ϫ˰ȳ²֡
ϲϹȻȴʱһŮ˱ף˵ϲԼһϲǜϫ룡
Ϲ𵱳͸ҪԼף
ͻȻоԼһжһЦʼԼѡǲһΪϹеһУֵô
ⰲ벻ףҲʱȥ˼
һų޵ڿʼѿŮ˺ʲô鶼£
ĬҲ뵽Ϲ͜ϫ˵Ľչ֮죬жһǜϫϹסȻʵ˶Ѿ˽


532 һˣ1
ķ䡣
Ĭתͷİҹü΢ҹ˵ΜϫϹӦûԸһɣҶЩڴˣ
İҹ΢΢ҡͷжĬϲȥ뵽˵ΡǰһĬһ§ֻҪҾ͹ˣǸŮ˲ưոݣ㻹Сŵ㡣
ȻĬа㶼ûаѶԷϣ§סİҹĲӣ΢΢ż⣬ⲻǻҵôʲô
ţң
ͺ˲ĹİҹͱĬһ˳ëˣϲԼСŮȫĵԼĸоܰ
ص˵ĬԴᣬˣʱ䲻ˣϢɡ
Ĭһ죬ԴϺ޼֮ƺٶ飬жûѹ״̬ԼҲ˵ϵǺûǲá
Ӵ֮ûٷֹ䣬û
컹˯ߣĬ΢Ҫ֪ɲǿջϹǼɾڲԶĵط
İҹôģǶѾ鲻飬ͳͳѾˣﻹʲôҪȥǵġ§סĬļ򣬰ǰСŮһ§ƺȲҪѶԷһѹ뻳һ㡣
кβɣ
кβɣĬǳ˳飬Ҳİҹ˵ĳȻкܶ಻ĵطĻ˶֪ˣ
бˣĬһ죬۵С۵ĿԵγˮһ㣬˿ƲסҪݺݵؿһڣİҹҲȷôġ
ȵ¶ĬĲ˳ǽ׵ļһÿĺֱۣҪ˷
ĬһͣͻȻʵİҹڿԼԿ
ϲ˾վھԼԶĵطĬƵסһǣ˫ֻסİҹĲӡ
ˣİҹĽѾˣ·ӣ˵ûҪӡ
ůȻкܶ಻Ϊ˵С
ڶա
þţĬǿҲЩ˼ˡݺݵصһİҹˣһҪջԼھı˶֪ˡ
Ĭĺߣİҹȴһ㣬õĳˣ˳ӣֻҪĬԼи˱ǡ
ڻӮȿƲסĿⶼѾ֪Ĭİҹ֮俴˶ãصؾ̾һ
ϣϴ֮ǰ񿴵İʦӣķ߳Ŷһ߳ӮһҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźã򵥵Ѿ޷Լеľȡ
鶼ѾˣﻹʲôĵطĬҲԵˡ
΢΢ͷţûۻ
⣬ˣ
ûۻ⣬Ĭĺİҹͬˣ˯һˣ
֪Ϊʲô鷢Ĭİҹ˵ϣܸһַǳȵĸоĳеѹһˡ
ϫҲһӱסˣ֮ǰӮ˵ʱвŵģʵѾݲš
찡Ĭ㣬㣬㾹Ȼ
ţĬ쳣ƽѾʼ
ԣʲôԵĵطҺҹѾ׼ˣܶȻȻǹȻ̫ᡣĬ΢΢Լ˵ı졣
Ǽ໥һۣѵǹʱˣȷûкܴ⡣
ϹΪ֮ǰ֪Ĭİҹ׼ףžǸʱǾӦߵһɡ
٩һĬİҹвغҪ֪˭Ǹ
ҲҪ׷ĬˣǻǳԷɡ
ޣԣǳԷʵҲûʲôԲԣϫҰοԼĿȴûܴĬϳɹת
һ˰
һ˰
쳣ĸӣֱûа취˵
үϵѾ׼ˣҸùɡӺᣬ˳ӵģȷѰŮ˺ĺŮϵһ
ϹѾ˰ĿٴζŮᶮµģֻһθ
ںʱ򻹲ֱӶ԰䶯ֵʱ
ţ鷳ˣǾ԰ɡ
ܿѾ˸־ͣǿžͺܹ˵θڣò˵ⷽȷ츳
ĶˣϫڿЩʳʱ򣬾Ͳθڴ󶯣ǰһζܲѽ


533 һˣ2
˵ꜯϫҲҪԼСģ̻ưһڡ
ȻץӣֱӱĬʱ򶼲òϫĴѵһ㲻İ¶
Ĭϣϫ΢΢һ㶣ĬʲôҪӣ㡣

Ųӣ
ϹĬеĵģʱŰ仹ϾͶ֡
Ĭôˣİɣպܲ
İҹĬģܱô룬Ҳ̰ĬΣյ֮УĬϲЩãθڲǳȥԻζ
УҪĿĬˣҲôæˡ
ǰһĬǰô鷳֪蹫ϲʲôҸ׼ɣȻܲЦ蹫ӶѾϹϣȻҪȥԶдܣϹҵĴˡ
ϫ⻰ɫҪжѿжѿűŮһһϹң˵Ѿɹ޸ϹΪޡ
Ҫ͵ˣԭθڣô˲ֻʲôѳԵӣһ㶼ʡ
ˢһ·¿ӣ΢΢ӣͻȻҾúҲûʲôθˡ
һôˡ
ӮĬǵİԼ¶ϫղŻһҺԶӣһת۾ͱˣֱ仯Ҳʵ̫ˡ
Ƕ𣡡
ϹɫҲǺܺÿһлΪĴڡԽʹԼѡôһ飬˵ҪȢĻ
ˣĻǲ绻ζɡ
һͣģڵ涼ѾںǲһֱӸʵͲҪȢ֮Ļ¾ʹȡ
ϹҲδ̫
ҲãĲóϲʲôȥŪɡᣬĿǣ˶۸һ
䶼ô˵ˣǵȻҲܾܾ
Ĭİҹ໥һۣȻԷѾô˵ˣܲĲӰɡ
ðɣ㲻Ҫ⣬ͺܺãֻǼˣϰСˣԽôǷӲϰ߰ˡ
ȻĬ˵⻰ȴһ㶼ðš
ϲֳѾˣǶǜϫѣһ֪ϫϹ˵Ĺϵʲô˵뿴Цɡ
ʱһ߽ͬҪɲһ׵顣ڵİһѾ϶˵⣬ޱȼԼʲôûд
ǼȻˣҸȥŪɣϼСˡ
˵겻ĬκηĻᣬѾ³ųķȥ
ܺϷ飬Ŀ˵ѵһĺŮϵµóŮѾˡ
ϫƲƲǣʵҲЩеȥ㿴˭³ĺϲ㰡
˵ŻͶϹһͲֱ˵鲻ˬˣҪˡ
Ϲ΢΢ҡͷһלϫ뻰е˼
Ȣףֲ˸ϴЩǡ
ҲڶԜϫİɡ
ĬɺݺݵüģϹϵ⼫Ϊӡ
ϹҪƵĿⶼЩˣ̾ϢһĬôʲô
΢΢ҡͷϹֻǾһ£벻㾹ȻһУ
У
ĬȻô˵棬ƺϹУ
վһߵģ
ϫҲŨŨĺģһ˲˲ؿĬĬΪʲôô˵һ汦ģ
ѵղϹ˵ʲôȢŵģ᲻˼£ڶ԰ֽʲô飡
ĬɺݺݵüģŰ䣬ֻڰ仹Ϲδ ݣȷǺܺá
Ĭôһ˵ϹҲⲻȥ
ңҲǡ
ĬҡͷˣҲö˵Щֲǰ䣬ҪȥǸҲңҾô˵˵ôҲܲǡ
䱾û뿪ԶĬһ˵ǵȻһô˲䣬ȻҪ޵ĸо
ʵĬ˵Լ£ûϹԼҪʲôһжģⷬΪΣ
ϫҲɱĬⷬ۸̼һ£һ̾ܿĬ⡣ڻð½ɣתͷݺݵصԸһϹ
Щһˣô׾Ϳصסġ


534 ҾҪ㣨1
˵ʱ䣬ҲѾõС˹ϸʲôԾĵطƺղʲôû߸Щ
ˣҪ㣬ЩªˣϲϿζ
䲻֪ԼԽü˳ۣԽǺϵرϹûа취ܡ
ĬվŰ棬ѶһһϣǺݺݵһ
鷳ˡ
ô˲䣬侹ȻǱĬжˣһ죬ʱ򣬾ͺ˶ԼһվԼ˵仰˸жĵطˡ
ҡͷ鷳鷳ϲͺá
ô˲䣬䶼ҪĬ¶ˣɾãôм䣬ֻĬ˶ĵĺˡ
Ĭ뵽ԼڰŰ˵仰Ȼջôĺøжȡ
ˣȳţȥʲôҿ԰æġ
ǰԼҲףΪʲôòϹϲûܵõǶԴһĴ
ܴĳ̶ϣǰԼϹŮȥϹһϹҲʶͰѰ䵱ߵŮȻòİš
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ˵䣬㲻ҪæˣæģҲһˣǿæԼʲô鶼û˼ˡһ԰ɡ
΢΢һ㶣ôҲ벻ԼһԷ˾ȻĬ
˸Ĭ۾һӾȻ֪˵ʲôźãһЩ޴ĸо
ңҡ
䲻սģȴǲɿϹķʵ˵Ǹ˻Ϲ֪ϹԜϫ֮󣬰䲻ϸԼҪ£ķʲô׵飬
Դ֪˰ĿϹоŮˣȷʵҪԷһԷ;öġ
ĬҰϹл⣬һĨЦ⣬䣬Ҳˣһ緹ɡ
ĬڣϹͲԼɿڣһ뵽ЩڶϹ񣬾Լ֪ΪΣѾɵصͷϹԱߵλ
ŲϹϲԲϹʲôֻҪڣ仹Եʲô鶼ûзӡ
һˣԷķΧҲı˲١
رڜϫڰĶ棬ŮĿԣΪϹԭ򣬸ʱǿǵĲϹ⣬ǶԷĴ
Ǻǣʵ緹ζǺܲأϫһ⻰䵽Уܾô֣ͺڳ˻֮ʲôһ
ʵΪ磬ϴ²ʲôı£Ůʵǿ󣬺á
䲻ɺݺݵս˫ȭԼԲܹڼȻڸЩ֤֪롣
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷǼ̫֮ˣĲ°һݣֱӰǸһѶˣҪ˵Ƕ¶ǼҲܷŹ
ˣʳ޲Է
һůô˲䣬ԭҪĬͳͳתɶϹ͜ϫǵıԹ
СظϹʢһǰү໹ţҲȺһ㡣
ϹвûԼ¶ĿԣҲǽӹС˳ȥ
ϹİѶȥĬ΢΢˳飬ϹǷİɡ
ԺҲǱ˴ڲǷˡ
Ȼǳ緹ûжʱ䣬˶úõģϹȴʼʹͺҪѶӻըѿʹ
ʲô鰡
ĬҶӺۣûʲô飬ϹԲĬȡ
ϹôˣɫѿϫҲеģǿϹ԰׵ɫһĶ
Ȼһʱ䣬һעеϹϣҲû뵽Ϲж
ôжˣ
ĬһƵᣬȥûа׮ϡ
Ϲ΢΢һ㶣жˣôܣ
Ĭ֪ˣȻĬҲô˵⻰
ȻĬͷţǸղŰϹʢ࣬ж
Ϲɺݺݵس˳ǣĿһ˲˲ضĬĬǺг𣡾Ȼ֪жҺȥ
ؾǜϫ붼ܰĬˡ
ֶ㣡żʲôĬһѪĶҩҵȻῴȥˣǶʹһʱ䣬˽ҩͺˡ


535 ҾҪ㣨2
ֱˣ
ȻΪϰϹĬûзϣϹжȥ
ϹᶼҪˣ
Ĭ㲻𣡹ŹҩӶҪˡϹһֵڶ棬ͷֱð亹ָγϵĸо
ҩҩûУֲҶ¶ӦȥҰ䡣ĬĿһϹ𣬡˭˶ӣҲǳԸѵԺȥŮˡ˵ҲǺõģûж¾綾Ҫġ
ĬֱǰѰ˼µһ
ңҲȥ ϹصҲӲԲ׷
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ˵ȥͲȥҲˡ
ˣҩȳˣӦûһ㡣òȥҰ飬ò˶ã㡣Ϲŵ㡣
˵ĬֶϹһƿҩ
ϹֽӹҲҩƿԼιһŵҩڶӵʹ˺ܶ࣬Ժݺݵһл
㲻лңβҿԶҩˣĬ΢΢ü뿪Ц˵
Ϲɺݺݵس˳ǣȻᡣ֪ΪҺãҲǷģҳĶҩǷȻŹҡ
СģȻѾͶԷһ𣬾ͳθˡĬ΢΢ͷǹ鲻
İҹȻĬ⣬ǽϹҵҲˡ
Ѿ̫ʱ䣬İҹЩķˡ
ϫ벻Ǻⶼ˵ʲôĬẦǡ
̾һⶼѾþˣϣܹźá
˵ʱ䣬Ѿһװ磬ĳɴɫ·ŮϻһŨױȥ次
ղĬѣϹѾ׼Ŀϰ⣬΢΢ͷ䣬
Ů΢΢ͷϹĿӣ΢΢ţˡ
㶼֪ˡ֪ԼµĶ
Ϲͷʾͬ⣬ԣҶ֪ˣ벻ǸĻ֣
ʱϹ𷴶ûʲô˵ˣѾ¶֮ǸĻ֣
Ǻǣ԰ңǲǺܾϲ⣡½û룬ιѾ˱ľģȻϹԼȢôǾԶһ
ϹݺݵüģףΪԼҲûʲôطп˰䣬ΪŮҪô
䣬֪֮ǰҪȢĻƭĸ飬үүΪʲôΪʲôҪүү֣
ǳЦݣ֪ڳԼ޴ȻϹĻڳʲô
ǺǣΪʲôúãҾɵˣŻϹҵĻ
⻰ɾǴһƱˣһϹҶ˰乥ĶŮ˺ݺݵս˫ȭ˵ûдϹҵˣͳͳϹҲһĺ
֮ǰҲ˲ԾĵطǲϹеİͳͳγˣϹɵŮ˶п
Ǳ¶ˣ
˵ϹǸϼһûж
һжˣ
ǲ֪Ϲ㿴Ϊ㰰ǰ󣬾ȻΪޣǲﶼʼЦɵѣе飬һ׮׮һѹУͳͳΪԹ
ԣҶ¶ǺǣǲǾӦûĬ¶ͰȫˡֻûϵûжĬ¶Ҫɱ㡣
ԣȷһ㣬Ϲû뵽ǵ˵ӦûĬ¶Ŷԡ
ǵģû뵽㾹Ȼ¶
ϹҲʲôֱ˵ʲôˣûʲôǲ˵ġ
ǺǣҾҪ㣬ĺģͺǺ޲óȥѪһ㡣
Ϲȷ˼ҹһƬ⣬ȻҲô
ϫҲ᲻ÿϹܿ࣬òײű˴ȷ⣬ϹôˣҲˡ
֪֮ǰϹŵ˻ԼҺܱǸ֮ĸ顣ϲһˣǾϣԷҸϹ㣬Ҳ˳
ҲǜϫﻰΪϹԼ⣬ԜϫŸҶϹġһ𣬲ò˵ȷ˺˰䡣
תϫ룬Ů˾ϹϲŮӡ
Ȼ¶ˣʵڿϫһ۵ʱ򣬰оͲһ־ŸУ˜ϫĺãԼվϹĽǶϣӦҲƲסϲϜϫİɡ
Ҳȷ¶ˡ
Ҳ˵ûʲôϵϹ⡣
ΰҲˣŮ˺οΪŮˣҪԴͷǳϹϡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ䣬ְɣǿԷһ·ЩϧڰΪôٺóԵķ˷ϣĬȰ


536 ҾҪ㣨3
俴Ĭôм䣬ŵ˾Ĭˡ
Ҳʼûͣ㲻ףϲȻ˵ľϹˣҪǱϹңҪϹҲһ׵顣
ʱ˲ǼٵģʱϹպþҰѰһϹ
Ǹʱʼоˣƴ˵ԼϹǳ֮ӣܰˡ
ȻЩһˣô׾ͷµģϲһˣԼ
˵һ㣬ϹҲֻܱʾǸǿ
ʵжûжϹ¶飬ϹӦûԼ֮ǰ˵ĻͰףǰΪѾĵߡ
ϹⱲں˾үү乴˶Ϲ֣˵ʲô
䣬вģ⣬㲻ܶүү¶ʲǡ
Ϲ𣡡ϫݺݵüôҲ벻ϹȻ˵⻰
׼Լ԰ŵԵĿǷôͲùܹѵҪԼϹԼǰ
ס֣
Ϲۻ˲ѷ˵ע˹ȥ
ǼϹϼģúõվԼǰȻ֮ǰѾµĿԷվԼǰԽܡ
ϹȻû
ڵģһ㶼ɰ
ԷҪɱԼϹڿ˲䣬鼤ѣ䣬㣬СӣŮ
Сӣ
˭
Ϲӣ˽ԷҪλСӣûʲô˽鶼ѡ
΢΢һ㶣ô̵֪֣Ϲ
ڿϹ֮󣬰еעϹϣҲ֪ǴһѱֱϹŶȥ
үү
ϹһͣʶҪס䣬ȻҲѾһ
ϹȻǶˣǰèĹôܻϹĶ֡
Ȼ䶼ûܿϹϵıͱɣֱˤ˳ȥ
ʲô֣㻹𣡡
Ϲ˺䣬䱻ԼɣǵġǸղſϹжѪϹûбֳһ棬ȴǶ԰ġ
Ĭǲɳ˳飬һĵͷ
䲻ϹŮ˵ĺӣҲԣӦϹŮǰͺϹ£õĻҲ˵Ĺȥ
ò˵ĬǼõģӷǳ׼ȷѾµࡣ
ٺģҰ䵽ҪɱҪϤ㣡ûԼܹȥ
ɹʣ
ûбűľģôܹɾһҵ
ŰģϹͲɸˣһжԼĴ겻ӦñСӣû뵽СӣΪԼһӣô꣬ǶΪֻعŬ
ô˲䣬ϹҲһ˺֪ܶ࣬ҪɱԼȴô벻ȻΪԭҪɱԼŮһеģˡ
С䣬үүԲ㣬ôɱ㣡
ϹҪֲ䶼ôܻŮ
ؾǰҲɺݺݵסˣ˼ĿϹ˵ʲô˭үү
ô˲䣬ôϣһԼĶˣ
ȻûУϹװһӽת䣬Ҫ˵
䣬үү̰Сӣ֮㡣ӦýһүүԵĻϹҲϣⲻһЦʵ벻תתһȦΪϤˡ
ζܲʵݺݵضϹ۾ս˫ȭ
㲻Ҫƭˣûүү㲻ҪΪҾͻŹ㣡Ҳţ
ϹŮôתһ£Ϲǰֳ֣ת䣬оԼġ
Ҫ˵ǰнܲˣϹЩš
үүûŪ𣡰ҵã
ĻϹҪݺݵһҺûкͰ䷢ʲôϵҲûкףȻȵ׵ʱΡ
Ϲ΢΢ͷǣҲŪСӣŮҲҵŮСӦýаһá
ҲܽܣĺҺûκιϵ
СԼ̴ų֮ĸӲܼ˵ںСʱ̾͸ԼϹһıҵĻˣ֮һҪˡ
ȻڲǶõʱ䣬־ɱ˵˾ȻԼүүƫƫоȻҲκһ㷴ɡ֪ϹûƭԼıҪ


537 ף1
ڵ飬ҲܹһΪˣ׺װеĸ飬ͺԼһֱᶨͻȻȫò½һȫһ֪⻰оȷܡ
ô꣬ϹΪԼأԵģԵԼΪֱ֮ǰףԼԵôˣΨһԲıⱲŮˡ
֪ѽ֪ûȤҽ¡
ƺÿζνĹ£žϹɡ
Լ˵ҪϹı⣬ȻһѾʼƫתʸ֪ࡣ
ʵǺܳ
ܾúܾ֮ǰϹԼҪǲǶˡʱϹǼϹмһǱүˣϹ滹һͽ㣬ò̫飬ͺô䵽ͷһ
׳ңϹʱ뿪ϹĴ;κ˰̣Сӣ
ʱǶʱ⣬ഺƺԶɫǼһ㡣
˿Ů˽ɰܿ˶˴˸סˣԼŵԣƺֻҪһ㡣
ϹͰСӣһʱ÷ɿ죬ϹѾԼгĿģӴ˳УԵĻϣԶ
ȻֵӺԶôݣǹûжõʱ䣬ѰϹ
Ϲҳ˺ص⣬Ϲò̻صȥ顣
ǸʱϹҲﵽ׷˶Ͼ⣬𼱻ǵģȻ᲻ԼϲŮԼա
ϹͰСӣ̶Ȼؼȥ񣬵ȵȶϹϻӰСӣظȵǸʱȻ˳׵ʱϹͰСӣһôãŮǷŮһĻ
һһŮԷֿϹصϹңСӣǸСס
жŶδĸõȻʵȴ˦˱˴һݺݵİơ
˵˴Ϲ΢΢˶٣ⰮؿŰ䣬Ǹʱ򣬰СӣǺͰͣõĽ
ݺݵս˫֣صϹһôÿ
ʲôĺһصϹңͳ̣ĺɽˣûжþȢŮˣ
һ㣬붼ΪԼۣôͻС
֪˵⻰ϹжѾ׼
ụ̂ôܻأʱϹҺңһص֮ҲǲɱŵˣǸʱô̹һܿ࣡ϹŮˣӦú
ϹһֻǺܿеĹâȫʧˣһĺʹʹҲû뵽ԼҪСӣҸȻ˺ҲԼ
ʵҲ治ܹ˱˴ˡ
Ϲص壬ǷϹܵ˴δеĴԼ뿪ʱ䣬ĸͽ㶼ڱսǳɹֿסУȴҲǺͶԷͬھһϹʣµľֻϹ
Ϲԭһʲô¶ĵСүͺһҹ֮䣬òɳҪеһ塣
Ϲ徭֮ǰ֣Ѿܵ˲ٵĴϹҪıǲϹңüصٵ״̬˵ףʵͲôһ׵顣
ϹȰźԼͽɥ֮ϹҪȥģΪλԭڴвôãֻûа취ѡСүúܺãϵ
ȻϹôŬֻƾһ˵ŬҪϹ»ָյǿԶԶġ
ϹԼЩǲ˶ٵʱŰѼеעûûҹŬΪĿɲҪܹһȶ˼飬֮ѰѰСӣӻϹҡ
ÿ춼ֻۣеҹ˾ʱϹһ뵽ԼеŮˣܹ΢οһ㣬ͺô˲䣬ֻ˶һ㡣
ȷϹŬ£Ϲ죬õĵطչе鶼ƽ
ʱ˰ѰСӣӻϹҵʱ
Ϲ㲢ûз¹̣ӭ˰̣ôΪλϫ벻ɺݺݵüģǸʱĻҲڵ⡣
ϫ⻰ҲǰҪ˵ģ̣һӣһӣһӣҲһӣ֪˵ʹϹʵŲˣȻҲôᡣ
̶ûɵˣ


538 ף2
ȷǶҲѾµˣǰϹϹԼˣôܻ᲻Ź
Ҳ˵ʵһڳ⣡
ȲϹ⣬Ӳǰ̵⣬ôҲ˵Ӳ֮ᡣ
Ϲ˸ԼⱲźûԼȥŪ
ⶼҵĲáȥӭСӣֻңȥʱСӣѾ˳ˣȻԸǻ֮ҲˣʱӦԼȥģԼȥʸҾȻô˶ԷĻ
ֱڣϹﻹûܹȫ飬ܶʱ򣬿ƲסһԼȥӭӰСӣ֪˳׵ϢΪβȥСʸأ
ҪϹҪԼʱֵͳͳһԭԼӲԼŮˡ
ԭˣ㵱ǵĻǲǣ
֮һԲԵϸ˴˽˼Ѿ룬һ˿ģĬԷһ۵ʱоͲţԷʱһһǳÿĹ
΢΢һ㶣벻̾Ȼɽˣ
̣
˹ȻϹֱڶûа취ǵŮ˰Сӣ
Ů˻߽һӣֱӰѰӵϷԼߣ䣬ʧˡ
Լ⻰䲻ɴԴûԲǰˡԭĸãΪ飬Կȫˡ
ף̲ԼûܳɹɱϹΪڲɹ֮ӦϾ뵽뿪ȫԼȻ嶯ˡ
Ů߽֮ϹĿҲûа취Ů˵Ųˣ֮¼˰Сӣ
Сӣңǰ˵⻰ʱϹƲסز
ϸ֮⳰ǰȻҲ֮ǰϹĽ֪֪ͣᣬӲ˱˴ˡǵƽô꣬ѵԼûһΡ
뿪ãôܾ¶Ϲĳŵ¼޸ˣⲻֻǶǶԼһ裡
ǺǣϹ
ԲСӣҲãҶԲǣ
ԼϲŮˣǶıϹҲһӽŵһһ֪ԼӦʲôźã
Ǻǣϸ˳еĵǸǻǷˡ
СӣȻô˵ţ֪ϹҹԼ֮еԹҲѾ˺ܶ࣬ΪаôöԶԷ̫ĺ
ǰס˵ĸ첲ǿλ˼ҵദģʽѾȫˡ
̣ڡ
ϹңСӣȻԸеԹ޻֮ҲҪϹ֡
ˣȻ˼ˣǻȥɡ
ҪСӣòãң㣬һչĻᣡ
Ϲǰһס˰Сӣĸ첲ȻʱţжԱ˴˵İûмٹʱƣԽŨƣʱԽǳãζҲԽˡ
ˡ䣬ߣ
ȻǲȫȻſ
˵ѿϹĸ첲ɫȻӻͳһƿҩϹ𣬡ҩԺǷ
ϹԴ֪Լ֮󣬷ѾżϵĶԡ
óԼүү԰ĵġԼںʱѾүүô궼ûкŮʲôܽӴûҡ
ǰϹΪүүзŲ̣ҲûŮˡ
ڼ֮ϹˣүүзŲµŮֻˡֹôһˣͳͳɽͣԸ⽫͡
ϹȢ˼ˣԭǿҵʵҿ԰ϹҿٵػָʢʱڣȻõĺʽ
ҲΪεϹ׼԰Сӣĸ飬ѡƭ˼еŮѾ˸ҲΪ˶Ϲеĳ
һϹȻҲԹԵ˵İţҵĴСӣⱲӶ׸Ϲҡ
ڲܺҪһ֮󣬻κ˭Ϲжûκβˡ
̣Ϲ׽վǺ󱲣ЩҲӦʱ˵ԭҵԽүүⱲӹúܲףֻ˴뱲ӣѵڽ֮󣬻Ҫ˴˴𣡡
Ҳ֪Ϲ˰̵ǰ


539 ף3
̲ɺݺݵüģҲ벻ףʱϹôᵲԼǰոշ½ҩϹɫܲҰףִ֣ᶨһ飬;Բ׸ı䡣
ÿҪΪҲҶ㶯֣
ϹҲΪԼүү鲻࣬ȻһҪȻԼĲ
Ҳỵ֪̈Թҡ
ϹижȻôϹĳ谮֮û˷ѣʱ򣬵һʱΪ˻Ϲ
ˣңӦԼ˵
Ϲ˼ˣѾٵ˾ȻҪԼӵĸ飬ȫǵת˹
СӣܸһֲôȱϹһؿǰŮˣǵնѾʼȥǲܹȥãУԶĴڣ
΢΢һ㶣Ϲһ⣬ͻȻоԼе㿴׶Է˵ʲôˡ
ս˫ȭҲ˵ʲô
ʵô˵ǲףֻһûа취ܡ
Ϲǰһס̵֣е԰һ綼ڻһ㡣
СӣѾô꣬ǶôˣξǱ˴һԼòãĻᱻܾ̾ϹСӣϹĲϲֱӲҺߣҴ߰ɡ
黰˵̫ܱߵ˶Ǳݺݵظжˡ
俴Լ̣̣ɡ˵ⰲиˡ
ô˲䣬һ죬ǶѾˣٴμԷǻƲס١
Ƕˣ̵Ҳʼ˱仯
еı仯ϹӲܷŹᡣ
ǰһ§̵ļ򣬰һ˶ԼĻʲôϵǹǵҿ˭˵ʲôΪǶˣԲŸҪϧ˴һʱ䣡
ܶʱѾô򵥵飬ʱܱ˴һ𣬵׿첻֣
䶼ҪԼ̺Ϲ֮ĸжˡ
Ϲ˵Լ̣̣°ɣ֮ǰϹҲ⡣ǲҪٴˡ



˶ĵҪ˵ҴҼʮأȻҪԼϲһϧ˴˵ʱ⡣ϹͰѾ̫ˣǸ᲻˷ѱ˴һʱ䡣
֮ǰ̾ѾĶˣǰˣٵ£ٵڣûа취ǶԷһȻѾ˶Էϣôûа취Ųˡ
ϹһõЦݣֽ֣͵Ϊңòã
̶֪Լʲôʶ˵ͷ޻ϲá
ڽԴϲ
м侭˲飬ĽǺõġ
ڳ˶ԵҪΪϹͰ˵ĸжˡ
ĬҲипǧô飬磬˲ʺ磬ڴ˵Ҫ顣
ܵĬı仯İҹסĬ֣Ŀԣһ˴׵񣬺ܶʱѾҪ̫Ľһܲµ˴˵⡣
үүĴˣŹһκòã磬үүɣҲ֪ʲôʱϹ䴳˽Լ˾ţ֮ѿǵ谭ڳɹ˽
ϹǸŮˣ֪ϹϹԺ棬˵ϹҲֻϹ
ϹĿ⸴ӵؿԼãô˲䣬Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
䣬ˡ
ڷԼҲһ𱻴֮Ϲˣˣһжˡ
˫ֽģɫѿϹүү֪ˣŹһκòá
Ϲڿ۰ŮɫҲǺܺÿһش
ʱǰϹ飬ˣ鶼ȥˣҶԭ£ʲôԭµġǻǺӣԺµġ
ãξôˣԼԺúôȥ
ǷŹˣ
ϹвŨŨĲ˼飬ʶվүүߵˣ˭
ϹϲϹһл̿ΪСûĵ飡
ϹûȫӦʶŰ̵ллл̣лл̣
ˣԼԺȥ
ϹΪʵϹʧˣϹϹǼΪõˣϹ侹Ȼ˶Լүү֣һʵʧˡ


540 飬1
ŵƽʣĿĶϲĺɫ
ϹҴ顣
ԭĬ˵ȵ֮󣬾İҹ˳ף˵ٶٿ죬ҲȲϹС
벻ɣȻϹĻǶתתʮˣߵһ𣡡Ĭһ̾ϹСǣãⱲ˵ʱˡ
ǵĻ̫ڵȵʵǸˣĶҸ
ҲôҸǱ˵ö࣬İҹ֣ڶ𣬿һԲˣ˽ǸȨ๡
һأݸã޶԰ݡ
λ˼ûиãǰıһݣ޶԰ݣɣ
ϹҸһӣ˫ֲܿ΢΢Сӣһˣ
Ҳ˼ˣ΢΢죬»صʱһ
ҺܸˣеһжǶǵĿ飬֤һжֵõģ
ԭԲָо
֮󣬰չҪͽҪкͣǶ˵ϹͣûôҪȥ˼ɵ飬֣һкˡ
һʼڣϹʹûɿԷ֣Լʵʵжչʾõİ顣
ûκιϵֻҪаվôһ죬Ǹ㰮ˣʱһ㣡Ǹˣеĵȴֵã
˵⻰идŮ˵ϹһӣԼõʱȴһˣڵȵ˶Ѿ֮꣬ڳɹߵһ
ǰ˶ҪǰһĻظжˣҪĸ飬Թ޻ڵĵȴ
ô˵ϹǵЦݶҪֵӺȥˣʵ̫Ҹˡ
һ§סӵϸ档
ϹҪлλҺСӣ˻֧֣лΪǵĻһ֤ܶ˻ΪܲɿǶ£ϹҪⱲһ֣
ΣﻹһҪҵѾˣΪ˼Ѿķ̫ʱ䣬ʣµʱҪȥԼ飡ʽȵ֮ҽӼλϴȥԺϹҾͽҵϹ̳С
ϹҲסˣ֪ôһ׮顣
үү
Ϲϼ΢΢ҡͷʾϹҪԼ˵ȥ
ˣѾˣӵȻͷҲٴκ޳һΣϣλ֮չһɡ
ϹһֱҪټϹҲԲһ򵥵ʵСǸҪϹЯˡ

Ϲ˵֮Ϲ̳м֮󣬵ȻҲвϹùϵһʱ䷴ϹһΪæµˡ
֤һܰĻĬİҹҲϲֵˣܿǳ˶ʱĴӻֳ˳
ҹҶЩȲҪˣ
òϿ˳ףҲں̶ܴϴٳԼҲҪ׵뷨ܶʱӡ
İҹɲǵĬ⻰ˣ΢΢Ǿͳװɡ
ڻ԰ﻥԳȴûע⵽˴ӻֳ߳ʱһҲ˳
ԶԶؿĬİҹ˵ܣ˲ɺݺݵüģаٸнȻһʱ䲻֪Ӧʲôʾ
ܣϹϼֻҶڱ͵ˣ̾Ϣһ
˶ûðĿתƽ𣬡Ȼǽɣôпǲҡ
Ϲ鼫ãҲԷĳҶԼҪҸ̫ˡ
һоҶҲһ˿
ʵĬĶӰɡ
ҶתͷϹϹҴҲû뵽˾Ȼ֮ҶμϹϼĻһףأһΪҪԭҶ֪ĬԶԶؿһۡ
㶼µˡ
ǺǣǵȻʵĬӵȷܲСôһ㣬ûУʲôʱڣǼҲðɡ
Ϲĺĺĵ͡
Ҷһ˵ϻҶңĬӣ
ҲǣҶЩ߰飬ͲҪȥΪӡҲܺã쵹Ǹѵõĺˡ
ͲָҶ˵Ǹˡ


541 飬2
Ϲô˵ҶɫԽѿˣǵȷҲɡûչˣĬҶҲˡ
ҶôѹӣϹ˼˵ˡ
ˣˣҲ̼ˣҶʲô㣬׼ʲôʱĬ⺢ϻȥ
⣬ҶԼش
֪ĻҲˡ
ҲϣܹһϻֻôҶûкĬҲһøסҶ̾һ
ѵÿҶ޴ӣϹЩ˼ˡ
ˣˣԼ׾ͺãҲˡ֪Ҳף
ҶתͷϹ첻ĺӣôʱྣ
Ҷ֪ϹͰСӣ֮ĸ飬ߵһҲʵס
Ҷôһ˵Ϲһˣˣ͵͵ؿһܵĻⲻҲûа취ѾȥϹְλͽСˣҪ˼ȥ
ӵһĴ˵ģô꣬ϹϼΪһڿõӲˣȻڼС
ͺͰˣȵһŴҶڻţ뿪˼һ⣡
ⲻףһ·˳ɡ
Ĭ΢΢üⲻԾķȥ
ôˣİҹ˳Ĭ߿ȥûпʲôԵ
İҹûз֣Ӧûʲô⣬ĬﻹǾëëģͺʲôְ͵͵һ
֪Ϊʲôܾʲôں濴ǣӦҵĴɡĬ̾ϢһϹϼͰ˵ĻҲʲôôģȻʱ顣
İҹĬôһ˵ĬĴ
ղİҹҲоһڿǣоĳԷûʲô⣬һĬеģİҹҲû˵ھĬвһĵط
õģ
ĬĬĬͷȻײܻᷢʲô顣ϹңԷҪ߳ʲôҲڽ졣
׵ģҵĴɣˣǻȥɡ
Ĭİҹ뿪԰ҶҲֻջĿ⡣Ƿˡ
ϹЦˣһҶļ򣬡˵ҲǿģҪԼĶӣҪô͵͵ģǱ˷һ
Ҷ𲢲ڻûеʱ䣬ȵʱ䣬һȥ
Ҷ֪ԼҶ˾Ȼһ֮ҶȲҪĬһ棬Ȼô
飬ԼͺãҶǸðƻ׼ô
˵Ҷ裬Ҷһ֮ǰ֪Ҷ費ԼĶӣѩӰˡô꣬ҶʲôܣҶΪΪⲢʾҶĲˡ
Ҷ̲Ѱһʱȵʱ֮ͻ᳹ױҶһɾ
ȵǸʱ򣬱ĬӭӻҶҵʱ
ҶףĬͲԼףҾ͹úܺãȫҪҶҵ
ҶףܰԼõһͳͳ͵ԼĺǰʲôˣܾһƬˣĬǲԸܣһ׮ˡ
˵ϹһĽ㣡ҶĻĿ⿴ϹҸЦݣôβסĿ֡
˵ʲôأ
̴Ӻ߹֮ǰѾˣȵʽһǾ׼ֱ뿪Ϲң֮󵽴˼ģ붼һ˼Ϊڴ顣
˿̰Ѿѵ˺ɫļ£һص·ڻ԰Ͳǽ̺Ϲϼվһã֮ǰϼѾԼƽʱ·վڻ԰ȵһ뿪
ҺҶ˵ʲôˣǾ߰ɡ
Ӱ̳֮ϹϼĿҲûܴŲСӣ
͸ǲҪǮһԾڴ̼ҶĽࡣ
ҶҲϰˣʶϹͰСӣ΢΢ͷ㣬ϲճɾ
СӣȻͲϹ̼ˣõķʽǻ˺ܶ࣬ȻҶˣһֲСĴ̼
Ҷ𰡣СҲþòˡιʵΪǸӰɡڰСӣĬʱ򣬾ҪһĪϤڿҶ𣬾ˡ
ҶɫΣҵͲ˵ˣʱǲˣٲ߿¾ͻᱻ˷ˡ
Ҷѣλ˼˲ģǾͲ˵ˣһԼԵټ


542 飬3
Ȼûйȥ೤ʱ䣬ϹȻ뿪ϢǴ˳Ϲ˻Ѱλ˼ҡǵȵǷֵʱλͯһӵ£ѾԶˣҪһȻһ׵顣
ϹݺݵšüģȻǰ飬ҲһĪչ
Ĭ۵׻һĨȻƺ⻹Ϲϼ顣
үǶѾұˣûܿͼ˵ӰսսذԼõϢϹҲ뵽Ȼʱ򣬺ǿЦ
ϹѾ˽һţ֣ˣǶ°ɣҺú롣
ϹΪѵӣĬڡ
ˣϹҲ̫ڵģϹүүͰ˿һ׼׮룬λʵǿʲô鷳
ϫҲ˵ǰŽ飬ǶϾҪ˶ʱ͵͵뿪ǾôߵһҪһԼСӣܵ˵Ĵš
Щ˵ϹжףȻλϹΪȻǷĲ¡
ȻҪܿǣȥѰңҲҲˡϹ̾һˣҵȻЩͳͳɣֻҪүүи˾ͺá
ϹףҲĲ١
ôһϹҪеϹҵĸˣȻʱǲܻѧԺˡ
ͻȻ䷢֣ͬһʱ䣬˴˵ĸ鵱ȻҲü򵥵ݣʱҪԼĵҲӦǾ仰޲ɢ֮ϯ
Ӯпף˵ͷڿϹҪˣǻӦýһϹ뿪ЦؿϹ
ǼͲҿЦ˰ɣҵҪǼһ뿪ϹһҲֻˣϹϼôһ뿪̫飬ҪϹȥʰġ
ӴϹҪеһϹΣʱҪӴֹϿǣԲ֮ǰˡ
ϫǰһɡ
ѾϹ飬ȻϹϫҲҪ
һؾͲҪӮˣһԶԶһˣȻʣԼһ¼ҹ˿ƻɣ붼ᰡ
ͻȻҲӦȥҸ˳ˣһ˫ɶԵģҪĽˣӮĻͻȻúۡ
ĬһصصͷʾӮͬ⣬ѽӮҲͨˡĺܿҵһõŮӺһ𣡡
ӮɾûĬţҡͷҹǺܺãҪһʲôõŮ˽飬ֲǸһҪʲôʲôˡ
һжġ
ĬӮļӮҲȷǲס

ҶغҶҲһͬϹҡ
磬˵ôͻȻ뵽ԶСطʲô֪ʲôףػ񣬾ȻһͷӣȻ˼ôһ˻Ȣţֱ˶ˡҶⲻмҪ֪ԼҸҲ˻˵ʲôϳǡ
ҶУϳƫԶĵطֱǺԼݲ䣬ȫԼĸ
ҶԵҪ򶨵ض࣬ʱҶıԽԽأҶԴϴεҶ֮жλԽ
һָоҶҶֻ˶Щ鶼ϰˡ
ֻҪǲ̫֣Ҷ𶼲УͺǸ߸ϵˣȫЩС顣ʲôҶܽܵ飬ʱֵʱˡ
룬ҶԼϵĸ׸ӵ𾴣κԽĵط
һſ΢΢ҡͷأԣȻǸ׵ѡǾӦѧȥϹһĹ֮
ҶȻҪҶشܶ࣬ҰĲˣɲһ߽ȨģһҶҵȨ
鶼ĺֻǵһҶң⼸Ƚļ壬Ҷ趼еһϹңҲҶʲô֪Ϲϰʷ̣ԲǱϿô򵥡
ҶϲҶ裬ŶԷôģƲƲǣҲûٶ˵ʲôԹ̾Ϣһ磬̫ˡˣǻȥҸ׵ɡ
ǷѰҶȻҪڵһλ
ܶ˲УȴɲԼ
ڣĬûҪҶҵ˳ʲôϵȻȴɲ


543 Ҷ1
վסȻ㣡
Ĭֱӵסȥ·΢΢üģǰŮˣƺԷ˭
ĬģҶо͸ӲˬˣĬһҪܵĶ֣ĬȴȻѾʶԼˡ
㲻ǵ˭ˣ
϶ĬţԼͷ˵ǣŮ˾ͻֱӳԼ
΢΢ҲҶأҶصʱңʱҶرֵһ֪伲Ůһ㣬ٴμ棬ѾûֳƮȻζ˼
ҲѹĬһʱ֮ûϳҶ
Ҽǵ㣬ǸҪŵŮ˰ɡĬƽһɫͲֱӸҶûаϹ
쵰
Ҷغݺݵս˫ȭʱԼڼ䣬ΪܹٴμĬʱһҪӮԷ
ĬԼ֪Ҷǰ˲Լͬĸĸ磬һҪĬ

ϻ˵ֱӾͳĬŶȥһ㶼û⻹͵Ϯ˵ԾԣĬ˵μӻģȻʱ׼սһǱҶռȻ
ǱܵģĬһˣܿҶصĹҲɴһ˿ŭҶǺúõμӻģŮһ赶Ūⲻǰģ
ˣҲ㶯֣Ϲң
ĬȻҶأֻǲԸϹĻˡ
ȻҶһ㶼ûʲôԾԣĬڽںˣԽˣ
һҶϵĹҲԽбҪĬĽࡣ
ĬãֲҶأŮ˲ʶôҲû̫ĹǣȻԷԸ֣ôҲ̫顣
콣
콣ͨĬոպԼʱ򣬱ʣҶصŶȥ
գ
ĬײԸڻֳŪ̫ĶиӶҪַͨŻŻһҶذˡں콣ҪҶصʱ򣬻Ѻ콣˻
ֻһУֱӮҶء
֮ǰҼĬʱҶػĬ߹УǵڣֻһУֱӱĬƷ
ȷʱ䣬ҶҲ˵ǺŬˣԼԣĽǺܴġ
ȻֽײɳͬʱĬкܶҲڲϵĽǽٶȿǱҶҪϺܶˡ
ˡ
ĬĿһҶأŮ˾ҶҵĴСɣҲȷôʵϻ棬Ƿȱ˺ܶࡣ
ҶĿһ˲˲ضĬ˺ͼʵ̫ˣ
ö˵ҶѾµĬݣҶĶӣô꣬ҶһֱĬռҶүλã
ǸҶĶӣҶѾȻҲҽİ취
ҶڼĬ֮оͲɻˣһҶĬģȻеһжˣ
ҪҶʧˣҶ֮ǰѾĬˣΪĬģ֪еһУȴǰϻӰˡ
磬ôˣֻع۸ң
ҶסҶĸ첲ҶصУҶˣ˭ҲȲҶ衣򲻹ĬûʲôϵҶ磡
ǾҪʱ䣬Ĭˣ
ȻҶ⻰һҶҲѾ뵽취
Ĭܻ
һҪ
ȻҶκγֵʱ䣬ĬѾֱӺһһǶı顣
ˣʱ䲻ˣϹҵĴӣҪܣԺʱ䡣
Ĭһİҹķ߹ȥɫȻûǿܻڱ͵ϮԼ
Ҷ費ɺݺݵս˫ȭĬôˣ
վס¾ô۸ãôһ֮ҶкôĬ뿪
Ĭɺݺݵšüģ˻ôأѾ˵ˣϹҵϲ£в򶷣ѵһҪձ˵Ļźá
ȹ˽죬Ժʱ㡣
Ϲһкܶǰ˻û뿪ĬȻЩ˵ˡ
ƽʱҶ϶˳Ĭ⻰˵ȥҲ̫鷳飬βһڿĬϤףѾ￪ʼˡ
𣡡ҶĬǰĬûзӦ֮ʣûӱ󹥻
ĳĬʵǿԼĹĬĬĶ֡


544 2
ȻĻ͵ϮطĬˣȻû׼
ֻǸĬԼ֣Ѿ˰˰ˡ
İҹһƳҶķӹȥûаԥС
Ȼ˱İҹٶȸӿһ
İҹûнӴҶ壬һ󾢷ϮҶ˳Ʒ˳ȥĬȴǺúõվԭأûܵһ˿һ˺
΢΢һ㶣ղŷʲô𣡡ֱһᣬĬеûзӦĽ֮࣬ԷѾɳȥˣ
˰㣬ҳһİҹǽ͡
˵ĹϵãѾûΪҲǸһʱ˶ìˡ
Ĭʾ˽ĵ˵ͷǻʲô˰ɣ˵˲̫ţȻܲкùӳԡ
ȻҶصĶֱǻ˸Ʒ衣
Ů˶˵ԱߣҰҶӵطҶǲѪĿģ벻ԷȻôݡ
磬磬ôʲôˣҶҵˣվҶҲŹǵģҶ壬ƶҪչΪһ˾Ҫȥ˼ƴ״̬
Ҷң
ȻҶңǸҶҡ
Ĭ⸴ӣҶҳʲôϵǲԼԸһ̾ҶҹѾɡ
ȥҲ֪˭ղŰԼһѡ
ǺǣôĿ
˱Ӻ𣬻سǰö˵˾ǸղְĬһѵˡ
ղŻһŵҶһסˣĿ⾪ֵĿǰˣףôҶػû뵽Ȼ￴Ҷ
Ҷɫ䣬ҶغҲҶ˵ʱϲκθ飬ȻûаǷϡ
Ҳô֪ԭǾҶҵЩ顣
ҶߣҪԼղųֿ죬ĬͱС˺ˡ
һ㻹Ҫ˵ҶˣĬᱻǸ˵ҶغҶּԲĬĶ֡νңҶĬеĸ鶼ڵһλȻ᲻ܵһ˺
Ҷô룬ѾҶܹǵˡ
ҶشСԼףףײϲԼĸףԼŮҲûжٸ顣
Բ𣬸ףǴˡ
ʵʱҶĵķԼҶ𷣣ҶĬĳ࣬Ҷ˿ƵˣֻҪһ۵ʱҪɶ˰ɡ
ҶˣղҶһƾ˺ܴһڵϣʹô˲䣬ܵ
ﻹʲô׵ĵطҶѾ֪ĬݣȻҶԸ񣬾ԲְĬ
һǸҶĬ֣˾飬ڸղŵʱҶɾҶɱ
ǿϵʹ࣬ҶǰףǴˣǲӦǡʱõİ취ֱӵǸ
ҶⲻƣҲʱĶʲô
֣ϹĴӣҪ£Ƕȥɡ
ҶԻҪֱʲôҶĿ֮£סҶ裬˻뿪һ仰Ҷ˵
Ҷ⸴ӣղԼӦվģĬһˣҲȫܹ㶨ҶغҶˣûпסԼվ˳
һѾĬȻҲٻرܡ
ҹ̲ܽϣҶҶҼ
ӲĽܣҶԼŶҪ˦Լһƣ뻹ȥĬףҡ
Ҷ֪Ҷǲи߹ĬĶӣһεĸס
Ĭ⸴ӣԭ˾Ҷ
Լף
Ĭ忡գоѾ֪ԭԼ˾Ȼơ
ӦôӦˡ
Ĭе׻мֱԹΪԼĸףֻҲΪԼɫ̫ڸӣһĸ飬ĬԼҲ˵׼
ĬҶ
İҹ
˭Ҳ뵽ǼĳŨŨ룬ҶҪǧֲ꣬ǰ
ţǺܺúܺãǷģһȥһúýѵǣԺ󲻻ǵҶĬĳŵĺʧܣֻάԼĺӲ˺
ܾǱܰɡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷֻȴΪ⡣
кܶ飬ΪԸ㶨ġ


545 Ҷ3
Ϲڽ˸飬ıĳһסˡ
ʵĬǰ˳̫󣬾ǲ˵Ҳ׾뵽֮Ĺϵ
ĬԭϹ֪Լ˶ûʧ̬
Ĭ΢΢ͷ̫æ֮ҺҹǳߡλҶҼĬҲ֪ΪʲôҶܣҲ̫˻֮ĹϵõĽࡣ
Ϲл⣬ʲôԼʵģʲôԼӦʵģĺס
ҶңǸҶң
Ҷһ񣬡ݼҶϹǰҶ𵱳ǹϵܺõĲƺȻҲ˲پ롣
Ҷ⣬Ϲ˼ֺøУϹԼ鲻ôףѡĵļ̳ȴǺܴ
˵ͷȻǳˣڶѾʼһϹˡ˵Ҷ΢΢˶٣Ŀ⿴Ĭǣĺѣ⣬Ҳôƺǡ
һҶʵ̫䣬Ҷж˼Ρ
ʵжףҶĬԼĳƺˣ˲һ˳
Ĭл⣬˵ͷϹһҶ
һ򵥵ĳƺҶ˵ʲôһĬŶ˼κϧ

ջ
ҶطҶڴ£С˺ҶؿڵλãɫӡɼҶλصˣ۲ѡ
찡ôôأ̫ˣ
Ҷزɺݺݵս˫ȭǵĸװʲôѵֻ
ҶȻ۵ҶؿɫոҲõֱɱңĬ˲
Ҷ費˵飬ҶҲѾ뵽ˡ
ֻǱ׿Ѿø׶ĬŴȵҶİĬҶңʱﻹʲô顣
ףĬ
ô˵ţʵͱȽˣҪĬɲʼ򵥵顣ʵǿǶĶ֣ĬѾҶע⵽ˣǻҪü֣͸Ӳˡ
Ҫô죡Ѿע⵽ˣ
ҶֻԼѾһŽʲô˼
ҶȷӦ侲һ㣬һʲô취ġô궼ܼĸܰǣǻаգ
Ҫѩݳˡ
ѩݸҶҶѳ֣ͳɹˡѩȻٴγֶԸĬֻҪĬˣҶеһжǵģ
Ҷ˶ԲߣһļƾͲҶؿԶԸ˵ġ
Ҷôһ˵ҶҲӦǲһˣ˰æ
ԣ磬˵öԣȥĸףĸװɱ
ŮһĨݣɱ
ҶѾԼ˼ҶҲĲ١
ܶѾȻű仯޷ơ
ĬҲ뵽һԼıչ
Ĭ֪һУҲ⣬һжᰴԭķʽչ
һߣҶȻҲʲô
ڼĬ֮ҶᶨҪĬߵ뷨ѾǴԼĽǶϣҲͬվһϡ
Ҷδļ̳˶Ȼһ֮ˣ䣬񣬶ֻĬˡ
ʱҶ𶼲ɾһжԼЦΪ˼岻òԼֿȻǸԼȢȴһЫĳŮˡ
֮⼸ӶԳеҶҵֻĬܳеһҶңҶڶҶҵĿǣҲܷҶҽҶҶϡ

˹ҶǰҶΪǿӰֻЧҶҵļԼնδ̳ˡӰĴڣҶܣҲֻҶҼ֪顣
Ҷ΢΢ͷҶһͰӰĬԲκ˺
Ҷ⻰һҶһȻѾҶѡڿһ
ǣӰԾĽ
֮ǰ˽⵽ҶһӣбǰϣϣʵҶûа취ҶҼ̳˵ҶǸûôܻŵҶҽҶ˵ϡ
֮ǰҶеĬܽҶңȵȵԭһֱûܹ¶ĵҪҪĬΪҶҵļ̳ˡ
ԣ¶ˡ
ڰӰ˵Ҳһ¡
Ҷһ̾ѩӦûĬ֣ĬİȫͽˡȵҶҵɾӭʱ򡣡
κԣҶΪĬ˳صҶң׼˶ˡ


546 ɱս1
ҹǶĺ𣿣Ĭ΢΢üεҲѧϹİ취ֻһֱֽ뿪Ϲҡ
İҹ΢΢ҲѧϹϼİ취Ĵ߱ǡ
ʵĬҲ뷨ͷʵں֪ϹǼ֪Ҳ뿪ˣʲô顣
һܾȡ
İҹᣬĬһܸӣԼףֲ֮ϣҲ֪ԼӦӦȥ飬ָһܡ
뿪ˣҲҶЩĻ罻ʱ䣬ǻԼҪĵʲô
Ĭϲľİҹһ㣬֪ԼھʲôԼеɻҲ˵
ҹӱĺʵҲܲס
Ȼ˵ľҶĬףȫö˵İҹĬ⡣˳ص˵ĬĶͷҪ̫࣬һжģҶԼҪǵ飬Ǹһʱ䡣
İҹĳĬϲҶ׽ͨʱദѾʼӽҶžǸ֮Ѫ飬ʲôֹ˵顣
Ĭл⣬ǲҪôˣЩԽ࣬ԽͷۣȻԼҲ𰸣еͳͳʱ䡣
ûУҪȥİҹ⿴ĬҲϺҪȥȥʲô롣
Ĭ΢΢üڵ˼ȫˡ
Ҿ
Ȼ
˵ʵĬԼҲûԼҪȥϵرȥﶼû⣬ؿһܱߵķƺﶼԡ
ҲûʲôطرҪȥģǾϵر洦߰ɣҪ𣡡ĬҪˣܲĸطɣȥǻȥǱߡμһλ֮Ҳˡ
һֵڴˣΪʲôߵһһһҲôʱ䣬ֻԼԶһ
İҹ˵ҲĪڴˣԼϲŮ˶˵Ҫ޸ԼΪҸ顣
ãġ
ֱ黰ҶģֻҪ˵Ҿ͸
Ĭ΢΢üȻģô˰ɡãǾڻؼң£Ҫ֪˫ĸ
ܶǶԼҪôôǳ£ȻԶΪҲҺòĬİҹ˶ѾԷļҳҵõ˿϶
ǺǣҪףǾͿǲܹһأûף
ͻȻڳһȺˣֱӵĬİҹ˵ǰʵţͺѾ϶Ĭκβһ
Ĭİҹ໥һۣҲû뵽Ȼ֡
΢΢ҹôһЩ˿Ǻð
ĬãͻȻðôһȺǵǣԲܾŹ˶Է
Ĭ⻰˵ľİҹ˼ǣͳͳ˱ǡ
ŵͺѾ͸һһҲúһ
ǾѩɱĬѩôѳҶңȻҲŮĵطͱЩʿռ˷ǳҪĵλ
ߣôĿСëʲôɽɽ졣Ϊ׵ĺĿһ䡣
Ĭвм⼸Ҳ̫߰ˣŵɱ֣ܻôƬ̵ĵģǼһЩΪԼµһˣֱЦ
ǺǣǺӣ˵ɣ˭ģ
ĬȻԼıûóⱻ˿УͱĬѾǣûˣԽ죬һĨаȵĻȡ
ãףԺҪȥǲܵˣСӾҪѧĴһ㣬Ȼ˺ͲˣҪ˱˵·
˵ĲǺףĬдѾµԵɡ
Ҷģ
Ĭ϶ȻҶңȻԼǸ˵׵ҪֺԼȻ顣
˱˵·ҶҵλС㻹үˡ
ҶصҲû뵽ĬȻôǶ̶̵ʱ䣬Ѿµˡ
Ѿ϶Ĭ죬ȻҲûʲôöصģӺ˳ҶңĬڣҪ־͹㲻Ӧóò˵ҶԲԼ˵ʱ򣬾ԵüΪݡ


547 ɱս2
Ҷس˵̬Ҳ仯˲٣ϲûжٹС㣬ȥ߽Ǳǡ
ҲߣҪվ￴ǽߣҶĿִ֣Ѿ϶ĬǵĶ֡
ҪվĬһʹȥ
˿ҶģҲ˵ʲôһҶضѾˣҲı䲻ˡ
ã
˾վԼǰҪôԼˣǲ̫һ㡣
һжԭԼ򲻹ңͿʼҼҳͷˡЦ
ĬҪŭҶأŮԼͬĸãͬһףⲻԸ϶̫ࡣԼĸױȽ
ҶؾǾˣĬôһ˵ӼҲֱŭָĬ쵰˭˵㣡ҲŲ㣬Žڣ
Ǻǣ¹˭ֻһأǧҪѻ˵̫ȻȻţƴ˾Ͳˡ
ҶɫԽѿͲֱӳȥĬƴˣҲҺúҶֱסҶءѩ£ȻᱻƣҲҶػһãҶĳʲô飬ҲѴ̡
ˣǲôģЩȥͺã￴űǣֺαʲô鶼ҪΪ
ҶҲףԼͲĬĶ֣ղҲǳѿ֮죬ĳ֣ҶӣȻҲ˳ﻹľô顣
΢΢ͷţ˵öԣﲻҶģȥͺãǿϷ
ȻǰĴС㰡
ĬвмǺǣôʰǣǶ֣⿴ɱǵҲ뿴Ҷҵжǿ
תͷİҹҹȻɲ֣þûкúûˣԼ㶨Щˡ
Ĭһ棬ûаЩС
ãˡ
˲ţ
ҶһǼҶǲĬİӰⰴҶϵѩһĬ֡ҶĬԼĺӣҶκΣյسĬߡ
ҲĬߣ͵͵ĬڿЩ˹Ȼˡ
ϴڲȥ𣡡Ҷһģ֮ǰ˵ĬǵûмĬʵһῴΧĬż
ҶһǰӰҶҶ֤꣬ҶҵİΣһȥȻҪѡõǸ̳һҶҡĬڼѡʵѡǻҪһĬ굽ֵֵЧҡ
һ£ǿ˵
Ҷһ⻰Ҳ˵ʲô
Ĭһٶȼ죬콣ɵַ裬ٶȿľ˿׷ʲôһĹЩǰΧĬͳͳ̱ڵϣʧȥ˹
ǣˮƽҲ˼ʱվۡ
ҶѾȫɵˣĬȻƾһ֮ɱôˣȻЩ˲ĸΪ£ҲԲСȻôΧĬȻûһĬ

㣬㣬㲻Ҫ
ǻҶػˣҶҲнû뵽ĬȻôǿ˵жǿʵ
ҶһĬ۾ԲðŹһΰɡˡ
Ĭⲻм컹ΪԼɱǲɣ
ǿЦ
ɱǣԼ֣ĬɱһȤûС
ټô˵Ҷҵˣ˵ǴѪԵϵ˵ǻԼĵܵãĬӲˡ
εҡҡͷˣ߰ɣǷģĶһϡĬﻰ
ȻĬ˵ҶȻţĬԼ֮ͺãôԼĬûзϡ
һĬҶҶ뿪˵ʲôᷴͷã뿪뿪
ڰ˽ĬҲԺݺݵһ΢΢Ŀȴǲɿĵط
ˣҲˣǲҲӦˣ߲֮ˡ
ȻĬ˵ľʱ͵͵İӰЩӦþҶҼ˰ɡӦҶ£ĬŶǶãȻⲢʾĬͻԸȫǣ֮Լʲô
ҶһҲסˣԼȻĬˡ


548 ɱս3
ҶһǼΪԼʵǿĬģǼûзϡҶǰǵȷǳĬĵλȻʵϣﲢûжٿĬ
Ǹû뵽Ǽ͵͵ĬǺ棬ȻĬˡ
ʵǸղĬԸ¶һ֣Ѿ㹻ǼĬڱĬץһ϶ȥ
ϾһҶĬˣĬΣյʱһûΪҪĬԼȥӦԵˡ
Ĭ΢΢üģûôģǼҪվͲøԼ
𣡻ҪһĬ߲ǣǴֱӻȥ
óĬ鲢ãǼΪԽǿϡ
ҶңĽãôЩڼҲûκ塣Ĭңһݣ˵˶ȻڵһʱȥִУҶһҶҼ΢ȻԼ硣
͹ôһ׮飬ҶĬеѾ˺ܶࡣ
ӰǼ໥һۣȻڱ˴˵пһ˿šóĬΪ֮ǰΪˣĬѾ˳ͨǼĿ飬ӰһӦĬҶҵļ̳ˣǴݻǵλϣòһˡ
ڿʼԼ֮ǰΪŭĬĬҶң֮ǰҶ˵͸ˡ
ϴô죡
ô죬ô죬ڰĬѾ֪ǣٶزֻĬϷжǸӲ
ҶһǵһվģӰһͬվĬǰһĺһϴһĨСĽɫȷкĬ̬ȡ
ԲǴˡ
һԴӣĬҪǲԼ̫ڿˡ
ѾҶ̬ȣòײһ鷳飬ĬֻԼСڲ뵽ַĵȥ
οĬףҶҾǱҸ鷳ĵط˵ʲôͽȥ
ǲҪҽУҲǵʲôǶһȥǸˣҪҵĬҲʲôңҵ뱻ӡ
ҶһǼӽˣĬڿЦ
ټһҶңΪ˵õҶҵȨͷѪǵĬߣȴһ㶼⡣
˼֮ǰǵĴûܹڵһʱվһĻᣡҶһֱӹĬǰǾĬߣҶ˵ǣǶҪˡ
ҶһתĳĬи֮ǰǲӵ̬ȣ䣬˭ϲ˸Լߡ
˵ǲΪ˸٣ҪʲôȡԸЧ
ǵһվĬĵˣҶ˵ЧĬΪԭĬ 
ĬлһĨ⣬˵ͦˣ֪Լʲô
ǺǣҪЧң
ҶɫᶨڿĬʵ֮оѾ뷨ڸӼᶨˡ
ǣҶϣ׷ңΪһ
ֻĬһ˵֮󻻳ҶҶ£ֻҪĬͬ⣬ҶҲȥ
ҶһҶ⻰Ҳ΢΢һ㶣ҶİӰûгֹӰֻҶҼָʾȴûеһ˵
Ҷ
ҶһͬĿ⣬ҶȴǸӼᶨˡ
㲻ȰңԼľǿԺҲһҼᶨҵľģȫҵһƬ⡣
Ĭ΢΢ͷʲô֣
ҶҶһ󼤶ĳĬȻԼ֣Ҳ˵ѾʼԼ
Ĭ΢΢ͷһİҹЦˣֲãԺ͸Ұɣ£ͳͳ뿪
ҶһǰӰ죬ȻûܳɹĬߣ󷴶Ҷ

Ҷɹ£иˣǼǴСһ𳤴ֵܣôֵֿ֮ĸ͸Ӳϸ˵
ȻԼķʽ£ǼȻҲԡ
Һ˵仰ҶĬһĪΣŶԷһܴһһ漣
Ĭ΢΢ͷԼյ̬Ȼǲġ
ȥɡ
İҹĬĬƺĲЩܷԼǰܡ
ҹ᲻ҡ
İҹҡͷסĬҪ˵ĻᣬҪô˵Ĭκ飬Ҷվߣȥʲôȥ
Ĭһůҹҹ߻ġ


549 ˳أ1
ҶҶһǼӰߵԱߵĵط顣
ҶһʱҲҶ⵽Ǹʲô˼Ŀ⿴ҶҶ㵽ʲôҶҵİӰôܴӦҪ󡣡
˵⻰ҶһȻҲԼ⻰⣬֮ǰĬ͸û˵Ҫǹ˳ĻҶġô˵ֲĬϡ
Ҷһ벻ףֵܼһֱһҶôͻȻ뷨
Ҷ΢΢֮ǰĸжãÿһ˶Ƕĸ壬Լ뷨ԼѡһԼΪȷĵ·ˡ
ʵҲʲô£ڿʱѾˣҪҶ΢΢˶٣ԼͻȻѡ񣬻ǼܽܣⶼԼҪ顣
ҶϣǼֵܹͳһһѡȻòĽеĻҲǿ󡣷ôҶ׼ıԼľġ
Ǿ뷨ܲɿ˺ܾõľҪߣʲôһԸȥΪɣ
ڰӰм䣬ҶһֱǸˣǼѾϰ˷ʲô飬ҲҶһǰǵţǲôġ
Ҷıֺ֮ǰˣ׼ˡ
Ҷһ΢΢üԸΪʲô𣡡
ֵܼƺԶһ뷨ͻȻҶı˾ģﻹеԽܡ
ʵôҶǿ׵Ǹˡ
ڵİӰѾʼζӰԼ˼룬רΪҶҶˣ͹ҶҼ̳ѡķ棬Ӱͳķ硣ҲҺûгܴĲȴҶвĵط
ҶĬϿϣֻĬȫıҶ´Ҷٶʢ
һҶгϣ
ʵǰӰĴھΪ˱֤ҶܹʢȥôʣЩǲԼİҶҵڵһλڸոգǼȻѾѡĬΪҶҵļ̳ˣôǾ͸ǰȥΪǵİ취ȥ
ҶһףԼŴҵ˵⻰Ȼвˬ졣
ЩԼò˵
ԽˣճУкܶʱѾǵӰҸоΣҵ밵ӰʱΥˡҾѾûڰӰǼȻˣߣ
Ҷ˵⻰ȴǲôиΣҶϵЩ⣬һУûоʲô⡣
ǽҶȥ˼ԼΪǲǺͽ밵ӰʱΥˡ
һԴǣ
ΪεľҶһˣΪӰͷ죬ӦǴŰӰ£ûһ㡣
ҶһǰһסҶĸ첲ҶǸ˲ֻ㣡Ƕˣҵأ˵öԡ
ٿҶһԼĴУҶһ˵鶼ǶԵģǾӦȥӡ
Ҷһ
Ҷһ΢΢ҡͷҵ⣬ÿһ˶سĴǶҵϣ̫ˡҶҿ㣡ҶһҶļȻ˾
Ҷ֧ߣİȫһΪأȻҪҶһҲʱվ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ҳû뵽ʱҶһľ
֪ʣոҶ˵öԣĬѡʵЧĬЧҶҸûжٳ롣ǰӰڻм壬Ҫ֤Ҷҵȶǽֵ⻰ɱΪԺԲ֣ܳ
ôӰٻ뵽ȨȥǾֻҪվԱߣ˭ǸʤˣǸ˾ԺҪЧҵˡ
ڲˣ
ѾѡĬΪǰӰҪı䣬ʹڿʼ
ô˲䣬ҶһѾĬƽҶҵ¶ˣϣĬ֮ʱҶѾһǳƽļ壡
ܿһְӰվ˳׼밵ӰҶһֻЧĬһˣİӰҶһ»صҶңȥҪ飡
һжڷĸı䣡
ĬҲ뵽ȻΪԼԭҶҰİӰ֯Ҳ췭ظı仯


550 ˳أ2
ĬҲ΢΢һ㶣⼸վԼǰҶһѾµһϻ˳ʲô
Ҷ˳ĬˣһҲվ˳͵ǼҵĺֵܣӴ˹˳ʲôǾʲôûж
ĬǰˣӦҶΪӢʵѾ֮ǰΧˡ΢΢˵ͷżɽҪң
ǣ׷ȫ
ͬĻشѵ٣ĬŶмΪ⡣
ĬĲЩ˵ʵʵĲҲȻ߲֮ˡ
ǺǣҪңóǵĳ߲ˣҪףҪǾԷӣҲ˵Ҫӵľֻһˣʲô˵ʲôĬǼˣ϶
ĬôᣬʱǼȻĬϣܵ˼ϵϣһҲ͸Լղŵѡ
ҲˣĬʲô⣬Լ۷塣
ͺô˲䣬һǱĵ׵ֿܣԼĿϣôһ죬Լʵ֤ļֵ
ǣף׷
ĬĵͷãԺǾ͸Ұɣ׼ȥİңȥǵҡ
Ĭ⻰һ͵õ˵ӦȻзŲĬ뿪Ǹղž˵ֻҪĬһӣȻڵһʱԼ
ǣ
Ǽ뿪ĬҲ΢΢һתİҹˣھǶˡ
ãڻȥɣ˵ҵķˣڻʲôĵطҪȥģİҹᣬҪĬһڻ˵ĸо
ۣ
ĬɵһЦã ղŽʲôˣ㾹Ȼҷˣƶ죬ҿɻûм޸㣡
ʱҲԶˣҲҪǰӦȵ֮ҲӦİҹ˵⻰ʱһ̹ȻƺԼ˵һƽˣĿ䵽Ĭϣˣһ๫
ʲôʱİҹˣĬüǰˣӲǲԸöԷԸ
ߣҲУҾǲУ
ѵĬҲǰˣô㣬Ҿô㣬Ǻûӣ
ˣΪˣİҹȻѧ˼秵ӣĬһ񣬿Ĭ̽ź촽ҡͷҹҲǹˣ
ȻĬô˵ȴһС˲ſůůģųů磬˲ůԼġ
İҹĬӱܵʱ䣬һѰĬԼĻУã㵽˵˵
Ĭİҹھץס㣬ĬƲȥһ̱İҹĻشϢҡͷ˺ˣͣҽл𣡡
ͶİҹһҼһ˫ˮǻ˵һ˲Ͱİҹһ˽ȥ
һؿĬ۾ͺ˵ھ͵㿪ˡ
ûпڣĬѾһƬŵ㽿ߣ๫
һ๫ĺһƬƲڿƮİҹһһ˾ȫ±״̬ɵĿĬ֪ԼӦôźã
ĬĽԼ๫ˣ
ƺ๫
ǵЦôƲסٺһ飬ٽһ飡
ĬƳһİҹɵ
İҹ˴һˣȴԼһ๫֮󣬸˳һɵӣ˵жĬ̶ȡĬҲĸ仯ˡ
İҹδԽеҪĬƺԼ๫
๫ˣ¼һ޶ĳƺֻǱ˴˲ܸԷĳƺֻҪ뵽һ㣬İҹоѾȲˡ
ϾͰȢؼȥ
İҹһ˵⻰ĬҲЩ±ˣ鼫ãصصͷѽҲЩȲˣҪ޸㣬ҪΪӣ֮ǻǵĺӣһ̵ǳɳ
Щ飬ѾĬг˸жֻҪԼߵǸİҹе鶼ֵõġ
ĬһϾͺŮкܴͬĵطŮһӦǺߣҪ˵ǻӦİҹıףܺú˵;Ѿܲˡ
ȻĬͲһСǱкһĽţⷽ棬Ĭû̫ĺߣԼǺİҹһˣӲټɻЩ
ҪİҹһԶԶһʲô룬ԼѾ㹻


551 ˳أ3
İҡ
Դϴ˼еĻİҹ»صİңܵĴȫһˣȫҶΪӭİҹĬ˵Ļع顣
İͼ˿ԼҶӺĬЯֻᡣ
ˣ˾ͺãԴϴ֪ĬС֮󣬿Ĭﶼ⣬޲ϾͰĬȢİң˾ͿԶһ
ȻǵҲѾ֪飬İҼҲˣȻѾҲʲôԭֹĬİҹһ
ǻˣİҼȻǵϵЦҲѾ¶еĻϲˣˣİҹ㵹Ǻ˵˵׼ʲôʱףѵ˵ȵͷײɣ
İҹһͱԼ׸ˣȻİҼĬʱȫһϣᣬԼڴŵĬһ
Ĭǻңһ·϶ðɣ㸸ĸʲôʱһ棬İҹСȥ
Ϊ˸ĸģҪԼĺӳɼҵɡ
ɼҵɼҵҵİһ㶼õģŲµĻİҹĻ£ڿվԼǰ鼫á
ػǻĬվ
ʵλΪĻ£׼ˡ
ʲô
ԭΪҪİҹĬ˳׻Ҫܳһʱ䣬ľϲ̫ͻȻô˲䣬λһӶЩӦˡ
İҹƳƲǣղŲǻҪף˵Ҫˣǲš
ǸղǸӣ׼ˣ
¼ֱҪĿ޳ˣ벻Լ֮껹ܿԼĶӳףǵ֮ǰ顣
̫ˣ̫ˣѾ𣡺úúã׵ǲõģǻǸ㶨Ͱǵɺǣ
ô˲䣬¶ѾĲ֪Լ˵ʲôˣ˫ֿƲסزǸж
ĬɬɬģǸĸŮϣɡ
ô˲䣬ĬҲǺܺܣԺвֳҶ飬ҲܿʼҶˡкܶ飬̫ѣİҹ˽飬ҶףӦϯǡ
İҹӺסĬĸ첲ʲô
΢΢ҡͷûУҾǺܸˣҪˡ
֪Ĭ֮ǰ϶飬ԼҰҲڣȻʺ̸顣
ԽĬԽ⣬Ĭ˼ŮӶˣԼɵվľľ㶵ģһİҹļ
ӴιҿŶҪˣСӻж׼һ¶ȥȥվĥĥʲô
ԼĸϴôһѣİҹҲӦˣɲͷãȥףĬҪһĻ񡣡ΪԷԲŻҪõһͳͳǰ
Ĭ鼫ã͵͵ź촽Ա͵Ц͵͵ؿһİҹĬⱲȷľ
ԴĬİҹھףʵѾ˴㣬һԻ׼˶ǵӦ֣ûһִٵĵط˵һϣʵ˶һǳƵĵط˫ѾȲҪˡ
ܿ鶼̶˫ĳҲһ棬֮ʼѡӡ
׼ĸҿһ¸ʮѵõĺӣ㿴¸µĻһƵտܾҪȵ꿪ˣ׼ĸ˼ôҶѵĸ첲Ůĸ棬ƺԶ˵Ļ
һ¾Ҫȵ꣬Ȼÿǣ¸ˣ
ҾüȻǶˣǻǾɣ鶨Ȼȵʱ˵ԱˣҶҲֱö¸ʮס
Ĭİҹվһţ˵岻ȥҲΣҲܲ
˶һۣ۵ȴǴŨŨ뻶ϲ
׼ĸ˵öԣҲôģĻʱͺܽˣǸҪӿ̣һжõģԲίĬصصͷȻʱգҲԲʾΪǾҪίĬİҹ˵Ļ
˫УһжҪõģһϾԲίŮ
⻰ҶУǵЦҲԽˡ
һҪ׷Ķİʱգڻ˷΢һ㣬ʵҶҲ˵ʲôİ˵⻰͸ӿԿİҶĬ̶ȡ
ƽʱʱҶѺĬĽ࣬ΪһĸףԺӵĹĺںҶѾԲ١
ҲΪĬˣĺҵ˶Եˡ


552 ʢһ1
úúãһжԣֻҪ˾ͺáҶתͷĬİҹˣʵȥɲҪм©ʲô
Ĭصصͷĸ׷ģЩҺҹ㶨ġ
¶ЩѾˣеͷҲòˡĬ⺢ϲ⺢ȢȡӾ͸Ӻˡ
ôһ˵˵ҶѵĿȥˣԼҶమȴΪԭ˲ߵһҲǼΪӡʱҶѶﻳĬת޸׮鵽Ҳ˵Ǹʲôζ
ܶѾȥҶֻϣӺúõģҪԼ·ܶʱӦ·һȥ
ӣƺÿһ˵ôġ
ǰˣ׼ӣһҶ΢΢ͷ۵ҲһЩп
رλĸ̸ӵ飬ĬҲЩ˼ˡ
İҹѾ˷֮ʵ˵ԼĶѾһšһôһ룬ȷӦУܲί˺ӣ
žĸ׵뷨ܶʱίԼж⣬ǾԲúί
İҹĬĸ첲š
Ĭ飬İҹȻҲ뵽ˡ
˵һ˲˲ضĬƽ̹С۵״һĨļĬ˵ڶǲǡĻû˵꣬ĬȻİҹҪ˵ʲôֱӴ˶ԷĻʲôأҪ˵
ȻĬȻô˵ȴҲɽʶظ˸ԼС
ü΢ӦҲôɡ
һҲûжãƽʱʱǶпƣڻؼ֮͸ûʲôᣬڻôɡ
ĬȷİҹӲˣǰһ§סĬϸĬ㲻õģ¸¾ͳˣ˱ñ֤Ļ񡣡
İҹôһ˵ԽУҾĲҪھһɡ
ۡ
ĬҲɱİҹ⻰Цˣɺݺݵس˳ǣһƿİҹбһԽÿеˣᣬ˶ΪǵĻæµ㾹ȻЩ߰ģ
İҹĬһƿеҲûоʲôõģ˵ͷˣˣǺܿͳˣܲģ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣҲû˵ԼҪ뿪⻰ɡ
ˣڵ㡣
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣£ܿͷӦİҹ˵ĵ˭ɲ֮ǰҶҵǼڹ˳¡
ǹɡĬ켸֣ʵҲΪǼˣԭҶҵʱеͷãڸĳɸԼкõĴˣô룬ĬΪ˼֡
ȴһȫһĸоƺҵĶһеĸı䶼ΪĬһҶΪ׵ļжĬĳ羴֮Ѿǵ˶㡣
İ˾ҪˡֵܼҪʣʲôǿġǾҪһҶҲЩ˼
ǸĬôʱ䣬˵ҪĬȻʵǿúĬʵ͸Ҫֵܼġ
ĬҪˣҲûпĬ˿Ҫ»صҶҵļ
Ȼ˿ǹĬȻһжĬİţȻܷʲô飬ǶҶҵˣܻҶҡ
ĬףʵǼҪʵԼ᲻ҶҰɣ᲻صҶҡ
ǰĬ϶ҪҶǣκιϵԼȫԸ㶨Ȼô궼ûгֹȻҲûбҪˡ
ȻʱƣĬʼ˺ܶҶôĲףǹⲻҪĸףֻе鲻Ҷһ˿Ծġ
ĿҺҹ¸ʮףȥ֪ͨɣһӭμҵĻ񡣡
һĬɿˣɿڸζĬҶϵĻͣ˵һ죬ǿԸĬ»صҶҡ
ϢҶǼ֪ҪʲôԼ˿̵Ļϲͷǣȥ߼ȵʱһһʱμĻ񡣡
һ˵뿪֪ͨϢ鵱ȻһȥͿˣʱѵҶʮȻΪĬΪĵػߡ
һоȻ
Ĭ΢΢Ҳ֪ԼǶԻǴǾһлбҪġ
תͷİҹҹ˵ĸ׻᲻ĬУȻҶҪҪöˡ


553 ʢһ2
İҹȻĬеĵ飬ҶҶѾ겻֮ĸѾǼ򵥵˵ģ滹غ壬Լߵˡ
ҶѾ޸ΪޣҶҲҶҵĵĸ֮仹˺ӣ͵Ϲ̫ࡣ
ЩһˣӦܴãİɣĸġ
ĬҲģȻԼĸײԼ
Ȼĸϲ˵ûķ¹ҶĸȻ޸˸ףĲϣΪĬҲҶμӻ
д˵Σ̯֣ţЩȷǹܲ˵ģֻϣܻҸɡ
ҲеһССĲܿͱĬ£ʵǻĸ̫̫ˣֻԼ飬Żеķ
ʵĬİҹѾʡ˺ܶ࣬˫ҳе˴󲿷ֵ飬ֻҪȷ˶ȥǡǾ͹ҪԼȥȷѾ㹻ͷ۵ˡ
һ飡
ĬѾ׼ˣȻҲûа취Ů͹һ㣬㹻˵ľȡ
һؿŮװĬ֮ǰĬѾĬʵһŮ˵ݣﻹǽܲˡ
ĬǸǸŮģ
ĬҲһΣȻѾǵһôˣʱԼҪˡصͷӣӦö˵һԲôá
˼˵ĬȷһŮˣ
ӺĬǴСһ鳤ģһӺֵܱãȻôֽܲ˵ĸоҲһ£ĬŮģİҹһ
΢΢ҡͷʲôԲģⲻҲ³ô룬ֲСӴŮװôÿ֮ǰһΪ㻻ŮװΪλã벻Ůˣ
ӺĬǺѣȻҲΪ׮ˣô룬Լ֮ǰкܶ಻λĵطǰĬܵίʱӦøӳȥĬܲһŮܿɡ
ô룬ʵ֮ǰĬֱ֣һ㶼һŮӣһ˶һܱĬúáҲһ㣬ô꣬ûлɹĬݡ
벻ĬҲģ㲻˵ô˶˻ỳɰ
ĬɫҲе㲻˼ǰңȻ˵˷ˡ
Ӳô룬תͷİҹŲİҹʲôݣУϵĻĬֵܣ
İҹҺ˵ǵĬǸŮˣǰĬܹˣǻΪǸкӣûзϡԸΪ˼޸㣬»ָŮһ㣬ҲҪúϧҪˣ
ӿһĬһһ뵽ĬϾҪˣҲǰٸнôǱİҹ
ָܲһĬǸˣȢӣӶ⡣
İҹ֣صصͷĬ֮ĸ飬ӵУҲǼΪ֣ء
ģһúչ˺ĬԲˣһõ
İҹô˵ҲĲ٣ã׾ͺá
İҹΪˣЩҪ˵ĻҪ˵
֮ͿıˣİҹĬԺ뿪ңΪˣֻҪĬʲô飬˶᲻ܣ⻰˵µ
Ҳʱ˹
磬ŶԣӦǽ㣡ͻȻԼҴƯ㣬Ҳֺѽܵĸоò˶ãȫӦˡ㣬㻹ң۸㣬ҵһŹ
һվĬᱻİҹ۸ˡ
Ȼ黹ǲ֣ܳĬŮǰлίԼˡֻҪ飬һҪԼÿҸ
ǵĺˣӦһҸһӡ
ºڣڷĬתҴС֮󣬴ľȵҲʼܣףĬĸܹ˳Ҹ
߸ҶϢľҶˡ
Ҷôˣ㲻Ӧø棬ѲˣҶһһʱ˹۵ײɴһĨŨŨڴип
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷûУûлһҼģҼ˼˵
ֻҪ漰ĬоǾĴ¡
ʱ䣬ҶҶĴ֮£˵ڻϰѩʵͳͳɾһ̶ϣϵ徲˺ܶࡣò˶õʱ䣬ĬӭӻҶڵʱˡ
ҶвЩɻĿ⿴ҶҶôˣĬʲôҪ˵ģ
Ҷ׵ģȻǰĬߵ˶ŪһڿҶȻҲǼΪĵˡ
ҶҲǰ֮ǰĬԼ˵˳
ģ¸ʮӦС㣬׼İİҹˣһμӻ񡣡
˵һ㣬ҶҲе㲻˼ˣ֮ǰĬʵŮʵֱҶеûзӦȻҲûаҶ룬ҶЩˣԼӣȻŮ֪ġ
ȻҶ˵ĬʵǸŮ֮Ҷϲûжپȵġ
ں֮ǰҶ֪ĬǸŮˣĬףôܻ᲻ء
ҶҶȷһ飬㣬˵Ĭ⺢Ҫˣ׼İСӳףȻ֮ǰҶѾ׼֪ĬҪˣлǿƲסٸн
ǣҪˡҶظһ顣
Ҷڱɫ䣬Ѿ˾ϣãˣʮһȥһȥ
Ҷ˫ֿƲסЩôܲȥ֤ԼŮޣȻĬԼһף˿Ӱ˿ҶеļЩǷĬʵ̫ˣҶȲҪȥֲ
ʲôҪˣҵҪ
ѩݶ˵ƿ˴˽ʱҶͺǷһҶҿʼ٣ѩϵС˺ܶࡣ
ŮҲɻˣһôԼ֮ܺúõƿһҶңҪԭҶķݣҶʼ֣ѩĪĿֻţɾãֻҪҶ룬ȫܰҶҸϳȥ
ҶɺݺݵšüģҶ˻֣ʾȥ
Ҷл⣬ˣѩžģôˡ
վסĸ̬ȣôΪԼһˣͿԶˣһ
ѩݲҶҶСУһõļá
ѩݣ㹻ˣ


554 ʢһ3
ЩҶҲܹŮˣѩʵ̫̰ˣѳһҶңŮ˵׻Ҫô
ҶôһѩҲһסˣȻû뵽ҶȻΪһԼӾͺǵȼһĿ
Ҷ쵰ôˣ뿴ң˵˼䣬ͺҷҶһΪҶôûңҶûˣ
ҶݺݵüģѩֻԽԽġ
ƽѩݣѾôˣ㵽ʲôҪ󣬽ֱ˵˰ɡΪһ᲻֪ʲôЩʲô
ֻҶвڴˣ˵ˡ
ѩɫҲѿͺ˸һӽҴһηηزҶҶ۾
ңʲôˣЩΪ˼ã˵ҪʲôҪңҸ㣬ܣѩݺݺݵضҶǵˡ
ѩгϣԼܹ˳޸Ҷ𣬵ȻҲʹ˲ļơ˵ʲôֻҪõԼҪĽһжֵõġ
֪ҶһϲŮѣ˻ǷνŮѺˡ
֪ôһ죬ͲֱɱҶѺĬˣ󻼡òˣҲõ
ҶѾȻһٵĺƭԼҶ֮ߣŮһҪͨİ취Ҷ
ҶǰŮˣһδζѩݵʧڵڣѩʲô飬ˡ
ѩݣǰ㲻ģСʱһµСѾͷ㻹ǵʱ㻹ͲҶͣ˵ϲҶ뵽Ĭ֪֮ԼŮҪˣҲʼᡣ
벻ʱҶȻ˵ǰ顣
ѩɫһΣôǣǴҶҵİݷãǵһ۵ʱϲǰˣ֮ѩ־Ҫ޸Ҷ
еһжˣ
ҶʱѾˣһжòô˳ҲҺʱҶҪ¼Ұæپ֮Ļ¡
Ů˲ɵ̾ϢһǰʱҾ˵ϲѩһؿҶ۵ײһĨɶᣬ֪ΪʲôҪҶңΪʲôϲҶңһжΪ㰡ΪҶңҪߣҲϲҶҡ
һ֮ǰҶѾµһЩԲŻѩݶпݰɡ
ԲҲãǸ˫ġзŲѡ
ѩˣһӣʲôûеõ
ΪѩݾԼòҶĸ飬ûйϵ͵õһҶңҲֲԼȱʧĶ
ҶԣҶҶ׼Լ
ҶѵؾͲĺˣҪһҶҽҶѵĶӣΪǸŮĲɣ
ѩս˫ȭ۵װӿ
ˣһİɣҵŮҲʲôԶ١ֻǲģҲ롣ѵҶ¶˾ģĳҶ̬ʮּ
ѩ֪ԼʲôˣǷϵĴԴʲô˵ĬĬת뿪Ҷ鷿Щǿˡ
ھ֮ҶȫָƽµҶաҶֱӰĬӭҶңҲʲô˸˵ʲô
ȻΪؼǣĬһԸ
ЩѾҶҪǵ飬ֻҪĬÿģʲô⡣
ĬҪˣҪȥμӻҵ״ʲôȽϺأӳףҪú룬Ҫú롣
ҶҶ˻ڷѩݵĺýȻѩҲûгֹڲòһʵûа취ˣһдӿ
һҶشСԼĸװź飬ͻȻѩݰﲻԼһҲˡ
磬˵Ҫô죬ĸ׶ûа취ˡ
ҶʶҶĸ첲ɫţ벻ʲôð취
Ҷ費ҶӣҶŮòرĺô͸Ӳ˵һĶӡ
Ҷһ꣬ô죡ô죡֪ôͺˣһҡ㲻ҪңҲס֪
ΪԼȨȻ⣬ô죬ͷ
ҶСͺܴⲢʾܵġ
ҶؿһʲôܵѩݣҲ֪ѩܵʲô̼ӻڣһ仰û˵ڣŶ˵ġڸҪָѩ˵ʲôֻܰеϣҶϡ
磬Ҳûа취ˣҲֻˡһϣҶصҲǺ֪֪֮Լʲôˡ
ҶΪԼ棬ȻҲԴС
˼ںԣҶΪĬŻѡǲֻҪĬˣһжҪ»ص㡣
ҶԽô룬о͸ӾԼ뷨УصصͷֻĬˣҶֻҶһŮܲܰټļҵ͸˰ɡ
أ˵Ĭϣôһ鲻Ͷ˽˰ɡ
Ҷ趢Ҷأ˶һۣȻǾΪʺϵİ취ˡ
ܿҶؾͷֲеĵطɵĿҶ裬ȥȷõİ취ˣǶ򲻹Ĭټ߻иֱҪɱɲһ׵顣
뷨ãʵȴǺҡ
Ҷ취ʱ򣬵ȻѾ⣬˭˵һҪԼԶ֣˵µһɱ֯ҫţֻҪǮʲôģ
ҶôһѣҶҲɺǿһصصͷ
磬ǶԶ֣ȥǸҫţ
ҶѾѧˣҶȻҲ˵ҫŴûʧֹܶԷжôǿǶа취ȥĿꡣ
Ļٺòˡ
ǶѾЩȲҪĬѪߵģˡ
Ĭİҹ˾ʮܿѾˣֻҪ΢еϵģͳͳյϢһʢǰĵһ
ֻյϢͲÿһ˶ôˣƩ˵ǶĬ߶İҹаĽ֮ĵˣܿĲǼˡ
㣬ҪμӵĻǱز١
һʱܹȥμҺİһ񣬾յѾΪһֵҫˡͿԿⳡش


555 ¶ˣ1
ҫš
óͲôֹˡ
ҲҪ̫ѹҲҵԼϲˣӦҪΪе˲ǡ꿴źİѿɫҲǺܣϲİ֪İϲĬ
ȻĬѾ׼Ҫ޸İҹˣΪİҹָŮǴһϣͿԿĬУİҹռһǳҪĵλȻҲԸ޸ˡ
İ벻ףĬôԸ޸İҹⲻӦð
ǰǸ˶ĵģôܼ޸
֪Ĭ׼ˣһ׼޸İҹʱ򣬺İҪȥֹȻףԼֹˣ˵һŮѾ̫ˡ
İûа취ǰȥֹ˵ⱲֻҪĬŮˣõԼҸ
ҪֱףҸͿ֣ǰǽֻǸܸ
Ȼ̫ĲʣΪĬİҲֻѡȥܡ
΢΢תԴŮ˽ŵ飬΢꣬ϲң
ͻȻ䱻ʵ⣬Ȼɱ֯˵ʣҲСؿźİȻΪʲôİʱͻȻ⡣
겢û˵ѵıҪϲһ˾ϲһˣ¶ԷϲԼҲûжĹϵ
ĵͷԣϲ㣬ʲôѹֻҪ߾ͺˡ
˵֮ǰ껹ҪͺİһʱƣѾЩ顣ϲһˣʱҪҸԼѾˡ
İ˼̾һֻҪҸͺãĬĬػá
ǰԼܹ飬ôڣȴʼأ
ҸĻԼҲҸɡ
վòһʵǰǽĬվһߵˣ߲ĵס
ĿϧźİģҲôš

İѾͨ˺ܶ࣬ǰ飬ԼȻҲ˻֣ˣ˵ˣҶףް
źİͨˣҲɺݺݵһһһȻϣ֮ʲôˡ
꣬㿴Ǻҫʲôö׼һ£ҲӦȥͺȥİһӣôҲҪȥĬʱģ
һİ˵ҫ¶ĬĻµͷͷȴ
ǡ
ȻȺİţӵͷ͵һʱ˽档
һİлȥĬһᱻ˸סдһĨԵĲͷ
˵ɣʲô顣
ҫ¶ǰĬȻһ֮ҲǷǳԡҪйأҲʱš
Ǹոյͣ˳ƽҪйأˣ
ȻҪĬ֣ؾǺİҲɻˣǸЦˣǰǺҫŵʲôطˣȻѶĬ˼ŵҫˡ
ҲΪҫŲܼô㡣ϾĬĻ񣬾ԲEκβس֡
İ΢΢ͷʾԼ֪ˣãȽʵӣǮȻƳȥԷ˭Ȼʱ֡һϢôȲҪ嶯
ǣ¸ˡҪ˵Ļ˵ˣˣȻҲ뿪ʱ
Ҳľȣ벻ȻҪ֣ԲܷŹԷ
Ӧô죬Щ˴ĻɱŮлһĨݣȻǶɱ
İ΢΢˼Ƭ̣֮Ǻ˵֮㣬ٴ飬״ɱ䡣ڶԷ齻ҫţȻȥɱ֯Ҳһ׮
ʵһİԼҲˣҫ֮ܺĬнΪҫʮɱȥΧĬȻǱĬˣ飬Ĭںҫţһɱ֯Ժյ
һһɱ֯Ը˵ˣɱ֯͸ӲɵɵĹټϺİʮ˵ĬͺҫŵĹϵظӲʲôɵĬˡ
ǰ⣬İԲ϶ѹת뿪䡣
ѾƲҪȥĬȻԵҪĬޡ


556 ¶ˣ2
ҶغҶ˻ƽ⣬źܿĬͻɥȪһһҶҶǵˡ
˾͸ûҫźĬ֮бĹϵǿܻΪ飬ĴۡϴֶԸĬˣڶѾû٣Ϣ
ŮһõЦݣǰһ§ס˵Ĳӣ磬˵ĬܻãŮ˾ȻҪˣҲвŮŮĹӣžͽ˶ġ
Ĭİҹ˵ĻѾˣȻҲ֪ĬŮʵ˾һ
ҶĿҪҫŵ˵׼ʲôʱ֣һ𣡡Ҷ赽ҪҶشܶࡣ
ʼգҶ趼ûԼԳе鶼ҲҶԼһ˳֡
ȻҶȻҲźҫŵʲô鶼һҫûгɹ֣¶ĻҶ϶Źǣȵ鵽ҲῴҶֱʣҲܱ֤Լܵǣ
ò˵ⷽ棬ҶظͲҶĶ֣Ǳ˸ˣ˵ڰҶǮ
Ҷ㲻˵һˣҫһЧʼߣò˶ãǾܿĬͷߣҪƲ㿴һôд
νģ˵ľ
Ҷе˺ܶ࣬ʲô鶼ҶɵŮ浲ţʲôõġ
§סҶصϸǼǸˣȻҪѼҲ͸ĬȻҲ
һ仰ǿ佱ҶأͬʱǱ˱ˣҶؾϲûһʱ䣬Ů§һ𣬻ᷢʲôȻͲö˵ˡ
塣
ԭİлԼģ֮İҹȻ˻£ҲˣԭǿİҹĵܵܣȻЩ߰飬İǳûϣˡ
ҼûкİҽѾܺˣӲ˵ˡ
ȻİҹҪȢŮˣ֮ǰǾİҹȻϲһˣúǺЦеķ߿˺ܶ࣬Ȼʵϲӡ
ĬȻҡһ䣬һʵŮˣΨһܹοԼҲûˣȻǺݺݵرһͺܲƽôôͬ˻顣
ڰѩĻ¿Ҫô찡˵ǶѩĸףȻΪԼҹŮ롣
֮ǰѩôõδ򣬵˾Ȼʵ˻ˡİҹ˻֮󣬶ѩΪĴС㣬ټ϶ѩʵҲǿȻö˵׵ˡ
Ȼھ˻֮ڶԶѩĻϣҸĲ˾ҪһӺõġ
ԭİİҵļİҹʶôͲҪǲˮһգеĺˡ
ҪӭȢѩ˺ܶ࣬Ǿûһöѩù۵ġһѩĻҲʱ򱻵öҵ˵ĵġ
ô᲻ģֱûδ֪֪˵ʲôͬ˻顣
֪ôͺˣѩأѾͷô۰ԼŮһԺѩһʲôİҹǿ˳ףŮİҹѾҪˣѩû䡣
Ųǻ˭ﶼܡ
ѩȻҲѾõϢô벻ĬȻһŮˣһȻǸŮˣ
ԵԼһĵˣȻһŮˣ
֪ѩһֱݺݵƭ˵ĸоĵĲɺݺݵս˫ȭ鲻ô˵ģ
ףף
ѩ߽һұĺɫ˾޲ѣ͸һȻ鲢ǺܺáŲ˭飬鶼òɡ
ԼŮӭȥ˸ҿİѩΪԲ㡣
ѩԸǿȻҲúİҹ˻ʲôõġ
˲ϲѩֲƤ֮ˣϲͲϲˣǿһ𣬲һ޾ѡ
ȻڶѩŲµһ׮顣
⿴򶫷ȷһ飬ףİҹ׵ˣĬһŮˣ
ǡûʲôģǲ߶ѩѩֻҪȥˣܵõ
ѩ΢΢ͷ۵׻һĨâĻʵǷŲ֮ǰȻῴһŮˣ
ȻٴĬѩȻòгϣĬ
¸ʮǳ׵Ӱɣȥѩһ棬ģžҪȥˡ
Ƕѩ飬ΪֻǶѩĸףһ֮òΪһ¿ǡ
ɺݺݵšüģѩҪ֣һŮӼҼҵģ˵Щʲô
Ȼζ˵ʲôûˣѩѾ¶˾ģôȰ棬ܸıľġ
ףٶ˵ʲôѾˣģҲӰһ塣
ѩȻҲ׶еĵ顣
ԻҪ˵ʲôȴ˸˻ŮѾôѹˡĸﻹܸŮ˵飬ֻҪѩ˾ͺá
ðɣȥɣ㣬ѩϺ˶ǣǲðеľһ˵ϣİҹֵġ
ֱڣǻΪѩΪİҹĹϵŸеˡ
ԼŮ˽ģŶѩзִ磬ʲô顣
֪Լɿڣѩ鲻ɺ˺ܶ࣬һҪȥʸ
ףģѩ
ѩҲ̤г̣ܷʲô飬ıԼ⡣кܶʱ򣬶ҪԼŬܵõԼҪĽ
ŶѩģҲǰٸнҲ֪ԼǶǴ
˶˵ĻжٲĬİҹжֻҪԼоҸͿˡ
ǰѻϵĸ˶ĲˣĬҲɺݺݵһ
벻׾Ȼô鷳飬ٲŪãҸоҶҪˡ
İҹĿⰮظŮĳʱĬѾʼŮװˡվİҹǰģŮװĬ
ȵЩ֮ǾͺúϢһ£ҪʲôҪȥҶ㡣
ĪԶһ𣬱˴һ
ĬüһȻǲѽ⻰ҿǼסˣӲأ
Ҳû׼ӣӲˣİҹ΢΢§סĬļᡣ
Ҳ֪ĬͻȻ뵽ʲôһסİҹĲӣϻһĨаȵЦݡ


557 ¶ˣ3
İҹĬģѾµһ뵽ʲô⣬Ҳ˵ʲô΢΢˵ɣ뵽ʲô
Ĭİҹ֮ѾϤһ磬ȻҲʲô
΢΢ͷˣҪҸˡ
Ĭ΢ҹ˵˳ףһкܶ鲻ã˵Ϊϲ໹ϲҶడǺڴ֪
ȻĬԽԽˣȻЩ顣
ƫƫİҹϲôֻҪĬľͺá˼һ⣬ϲĬ˶һ㻹ϲ˶һ㣬ʵöǡ
ϣʲô
ĬҲû뵽İҹȻҲԽԽˣֱӰ»Լ
Ϊͻ˵ǾǼٵġ
ദˣĬҲɸоԼѾʼԽûûˣü΢ҼEȻϲҵ˶һ㣬˵ǲǣ
İҹ϶صͷ˳Ĭ⻰˵ȥԣȻϲ˶һ㡣㿴Ҳϲ㣬ϲҵ˵ȻҲϲ㡣
Ѿ
ĬһĪֱİҹݺݵһѵĸо
ҹҷԽԽɰˣ԰Ҳϲң˵ȻҲϲң
ʵİҹϲ֮ĬѾñϲϲԼûʲôϵһܹ˴໥ϲΪҸˡ
ߣҹϲҵķϣϲֿ϶ûϲҵ˶࣬ҾϲɡĬ΢΢źΪѵӡ
ϲİҹϲ˭أ
ǲҪңİҹĬ˵ȥ֮顣
Ĭİҹûз֣˽ʱŶԱ˴˵ĸ˽⣬˵ҲʼøᣬЩʱ򶼿ʼЩˡ
ദģʽǺܲġ
ĸ鶼ܹĵ׼ţĬ֮ǰ˵ЩϲϲİҹˣҲһΪⳡ
Ʊⳡ񲻿ܰ
ǼˡҶҶһصҡ
ص֮ҶͺĬ˵ҶҼһǰףػֻû뵽Ȼô졣
ĬҲгһ㣬˵ҶңҶҼѾˡ
ԣȥɡ
һĬô벻ģ֪ҶһμĻ񣬾ԼԷҶҲһֻû뵽ҶȻô硣
ŲѾ˼һſڳȥĬлԼ׵ĴڣֻǿĬûԼӦôҶˡ
İҹȻҲǵһʱĬȥ
ȵĬİҹ˴ﵽſڵʱ򣬳ѾһЩˡ
Ҷʱ为ǰı͡
ѾЩû߳ԼĺԺĬĻ£Ҷѵ̬Ҳʼı䡣
վſڣҶȻǵһҶġ
Ů˾վſڣǸϤˣҶѾٺ֮ǰᣬҶЩ˺ܶ࣬˲ɣζҶѻܵһ۵ʱ䣬ͰѶԷ˳оûб
ҶڸҵʱоѾҶѣֻû뵽֮ļ棬һģ
м
ҶԽǽţţԽǽԭأ֪ԼʱӦʲôҪҪȥҶʺãô˲䣬ҶȻʼˡҡ
ȵĬʱ򣬿ľĳҶԼĸ˸żԶľ룬˭ҲԷ
Ĭİҹ˶һۣʱƺӦȥš
ʱ֮Ρ
ͨ棬ҶҼǰμӻˣҲ͸˹ڿҶѺҶ֮оˡ
кܶ飬ֻҪŬһнġͱ˵ڣͱ˵Ǹ飬ʯΪҲǿʵġ
ˣǶվſڣʲôҶܶ겻ڿɺãǰһҶʺá
ô˲䣬ҶѺڰԼ˻صص˵ͷҲҶķ߹ȥ
ǸԶһ˵ɷӣҶкףԶ±ɹȥģ
ŮǻһĨЦݣҶ𣬺þò
ҶԭΪѾôȥٴҶѵʱ򣬲ôҲʧ̬ȻһҶˣ
촽Ʋס²ãããǵȷǺþòˡ
మˣȴֻʵЩˡ
ĬİҹҲǺܺܡ


558 ȥ꣨1
Ĭ¿һİҹҹ˵ҪҪȥϾҶҼҡ
Ĭﻹϣܹ˽ĸеһ׮£ʱĬףԼʲôʵѵõһĽ
׶Բ԰ĸ
İҹĬص˵ĬĶͷЩ鶼ûʲôϵĬ㲻ָ̫ǶѾǳˣʲôԼӦģʲô鲻Ӧ
İҹôһ˵Ĭе΢һԺܶܶ飬˭Ҳܸı䡣
Ĭɵһ̾ҹ˵ͨε飬˵ܰѹȥ鶼˵ʵҲ
ţǿžͺá
ǵУϣľĬҸˣ鷴һߡ
Ҷ˸ӭӽš
ҶҼݵλķ棬ŷǳĲһĵط
ٵʱѾ죬ٴμ棬˵ΣʵҲȫˣӿ
ôȥѾ𽥿֪ҶѵУĳĬ֮⣬Ҷˡ
Ҷ˵һ֪ԼҶѺҶ֮Ȼܶ˵˸뿪
Ĭ˵Ǽٵġ
ף㣬ôˡĬɿһڻֻҶĸˣ֪֮ĹϵȻˣ
첻һůԽᣬɵӣҶĸ׶겻úɰɡ㶼һף˵İο
ô˲䣬ĬȻ˵Ļ
ף㡭
ɲ뿴ԼҹŮᣬĬͷˣôжʲôסϾҪˣΪ᲻ޡŮӵǱʯҪ׿ޣۡ
찮ĽҶѣ֮۰Ĭڽ˺֮֮ܶĸԽˡŮҪŮܡ
Ĭ˵ʲôҡҡͷˣˣĬҲҪˡ㣬ĺܲס
Ĭ¿һˣҲ˳ȥ

Դ뿪֮վһȷǳΡ
Ҷλ᲻ף뿪ҪһĻܶҲһ˵ס
ҶимЩĴڡ
ѣҡ
Ҷ㡭
˼ͺ̶һͬʱڣ˶һۣ˫˵ĻҪͶԷ˵ģĵ˵ʱ򣬾ȻһӲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
˶ӶҪ׵ˣʱȴǲɺ
Ҷһ˵Ҷ㻹ǺǰһȻˣ⻹˵ɡкܶ໰ҶѾô꣬л˵ˣҲпʼ
ҶԼôԲĬҶĸӣȻҲҶ˵ɣҾվҶš
ҶǰΪԼҶһзŲ£Ȼڼ֮ʵҲûôŲµĵطһķƽ
Ҷⶼǹȥˣжʮ˰ɡҶԼǲʱˣ㿴ǵĺӶˣĬĺӡ
һϣҶдûлɹصصͷ֪֪֪ҵĺӡѣԲҶԲ㣬ԲĬҡ
ҶйҶ𣬿ⶼǹȥˣˣôȥֵĵطټЩĬҲǺܲ
ҡҡͷûҪ˼һжȥˣĬҪˡҹһҪ˵ĬⱲӶĬҲĬȥ
ҶףΪǷˣҰĬ󣬱ȫǵĬͣӣӲĬңҶ뿪
һϣҶеĵߣĬҲôġ
ҶһʹĬϻҶңҶѺĬԼ˼ǿˡ
ã׵ģ֪Ĭ裬һԶı䡣
ҶⷬŵҶҲĲ١ǷģԼԶˣôϣĬܰ
ãҼǵ⻰ˡ
Ҷ̫ΣҪҶ˵ܶ飬ô˲䣬ֲ֪Ҫʲôط˵𡣡ѣЩܺãҲˡ
Ҷ˸עҪǸˡ
ţܺãҶĬܺáҲܺðɣ˵ǻһŮϲˡ


559 ȥ꣨2
ҶɫһȻҲ뵽ҶҶӣѩĺôأԼܹ˭
ǲˣĬԷģҶƿأԺ˭Ҳܶ˺
ҶһҶȻû˵ڣóҶҲ֡
ҶΪҶĺӣҶҵȨȴز
鷿
Ϊ˲ҶѺҶ֮ɣԼӻֱ֮ȥ鷿һˣѾԼĿݸԼİŮˣô˲䣬춼Ѿ׼Ҷ뿪Լȥ׷Ҹ
ʵ벻ףôܶҶ˿ݡ
Ž鷿˿㲵ģͲɿʼˡıãȢҶΪޣӦҵ֮ĵĸȴֻһ˵λá
֮ǰ˻ĬҶѶޣ׻ƽ
Ĭλøܶʱ׷ִŵĶʱҲʼѧſ֣ôִֵģֻҪԼúþͿˡ
˼ſ֮󣬶׷Ķ˺ܷܶ࣬顣
˿ģвһۣ죬ûйϵ𣿣
һʱ֮侹Ȼû׶⻰ʲô˼ɻ󣬡ʲô˼
磬Ĳ֪ѽҶ֮һθ飬㻹ԷһĲǾ鸴ȼ
ʱ򣬶ѾҪҶʲô飬ǿˣԼĶǲԼģģԼѾһԷȻԼκεĸı䡣
֮ĸһ֮ǰһֱҶѵĳ֣ŵ첻ȢôȥǵĺӶôˣﻹʲôġ
ʵǲܽԼ֮ǰʶԸҶһҲԸȢԼıá
̾һţҶԲ㣬ʵҲ˰ɣô꣬һֱûз¹Ҷʱ룬ΪҵĴڣڱӦúúһˡ
Ҳ벻ֱлȫվҶѵĽǶϿǣҶôϲάǽĽ
磬ʵ㲻ô룬һжȥˡѽӣûһҲٶ˵ʲôˡѵĬҪˣٳȫߵһ𣿣
˶е㿴˼ˡ
ֱӵͷ˵ǣֻҪҶƴҶѵĻԸ˳һѾôԼˡ
ˣôȥɣס
ڻҶѺҶ̸֮ʲô˵֮⣬˭ҲзʲôЩȻű仯
ҶѰĬеԼķ棬ŮװĬвɸпǧ
Ĭĳˣ벻һ۵Ĺ㶼Ҫˣ
Ĭ΢΢ϻ¼ͻϲóĬϲİҹȻҲϲ
ĸףллĸôĬò˶ãҪˡ
ò˵ʱǹ÷ɿ졣
ĬΪԼⱲӶˣһת۵ʱ䣬Ҫ˳ӵͣĬڿʼв׵ĵط
ĸףлǷŲ𣡡
ҪĬ˵ҶҲһʱµĬ˵˭
Ų
ʵҲûʲôŲ·ŵµ⣬ҶǴעҪҶһĬ޸졣ô궼ôȥˣûʲôʲô⣬ڻʲô롣
˵ЩʲôһжȥˣҪİҹĻ¡
ĳҶиûз¹Ҷ
Ĭһ̾ϢЩԼ̫ڼˡ
ĸףܷʲô飬ʲôѡҶվߡ
ĬһҶҲǸжѣΪ˸ĸ֮ΪԼǵʱͻ˺ܶ࣬ʱ䶼ڿԼӵ⡣
һĬļ򣬡ˣľͺˣΪˣҪ롣¸ͼˣ̫඼ҪһС̫ˣҵĬȫ
Ĭ֮ҶҲǾþòƽ
Ȼʱ仹ǻôȥʲô鶼ᷢ»ָƽ
ǵĬİҹ˻ʱ


560 ױ1
ʮױ
һеһУõĹֳֻİҹİҶĬӳ̶ȡ
İҹ½ۣͷҶȥֻҪһ뵽ֻҪǹ˽죬ĬԼӣİҹǵЦôβס
ᡣ
ĬҲѾױϣͭױݹŮˣô˲䣬ĬԼе㲻ʶԼˡŮԼĬԼͷֱڶֲŵĸо
С㣬ˣ߸Ĭ·ýſŮ¼Ҳòһ㣬ĬôмһİȢӣĸ
ˣ㣬Ưһ˹Ѿ˳Ĭиɽ״̬ת
֮ǰĬǸ磬ϷлҪĬԼһ㣬˲ܵԼԼΪһܵܣҪԼĽ㡣
ĬܵܵʱҲ۰ᣬʱôˣ˵ʱΪܵܣӦɲǡ
ŲЩҪԼҽ㻯ױģ
һתⲻҪ׮
һŮӼˣ׽ĳͬö޵Ů׮һʾĹģʾչˣļױԽԽܹõҵľأŮӵļױŮӼ֮ҲŮ˵˽вƲǷҲռġ
ĬʧЦ㻹ôСױЩδӰɡ
ҲܣЩǸġĬ㣬ǳˣﻹļңҶ㲻ãֱӻؼң
ã֪ҼҲǣ
˺ڵģóǵĸǺܺá
ҪĬױ˿Ǵڣ֮һ£һһĬױУĬȻǼˣԶõ
ҶվڲԶԼŮ޵ӣȻĬһֱһףҲ˿ӰҶĬĸ顣
ܸĬױֻױİ취ԼҪĬһͳͳ͹ȥ
ҶҼױƽʮżֻʮ䣬䡭
ҶĬױŮб𣬰Ҷǲܽȥģý汨ҶĬױĶʱľȣ涼ֱľˣֱֻӰЩͳͳ
ױ
ҪͼױˣĬļױҲǸֺöҶҼһĶҳļױҪãβ˾أ
ʵʱĬܹеҶ˼ҶҪַͨʽҪĶһϡ֮գĬҲ˲٣ʵҶûʲôԲĵط
찡㣬ȻҶҼױôණ㣬УܵܣȻֻô㣬㣬ԺǮٰȱͳͳϣҲǱҶҼ̼ˡ
ɵʲôĬҲɱ⻰ЦˣȥĲһȻܷһȽϡ
Ĭӣȥ˼̫飬ںҶҵĹϵЩͳͳʱ䣬֮ͻеĵˡ
Ĭӷ̽Դ˳ŴվڲԶҶ΢΢лл
ҶҲû뵽Ĭ޸жԭĬ޵ʱġ
ĽŮ
Ĭ˻֣ʾĬȥɡ͹ˡ
ҶѿҶĬģҶ߹㣬ĺѵǻԴף
⻰ԴһĨ⣬ʵҶڳԴף뵽ЩҶߵˡ
ᣬӦøĬġҶҶҵģԸ˭͸˭Ҷп϶ټһ㶼ֻʲôƽĵطЩǷĬģѾܹʾˡ
ҶҲö˵ʲôȻҶ˸ѵҶջȥɡ
ɣûͺá
ߺİǽϵĬϻ֮ǰ˹
ҫİڸĬױ鱦ʮ䡭
źİһȺ˹ԭǿҾȻһӱӵǰҲɺݺݵסˡ
찡Ƕ˰ɣ
ȻǺҫŵǰףأҫŵԲСµһɱ֯ȻʱĬףأףأҳӰ
Ҿʹû˵ҫи˭ףصģôҳӵĸоźҫŵĵҲѾը˹


561 ױ2
涼ԿˣĬôܻ᲻֪
찡㣬㲻Ҫ㾹ȻͺҫЩ˻йϵ֪𣬺ҫŵ˶˵Ҫ㣬Ϊ׵ľȻʲôҫŵǾȣʵǺĬȻͺҫǣϹϵ
Ĭһû뵽ڽİȻźҫŵ˹ϲϸһ룬ƺҲôԽܡ
ǹɣǵȷˡ
ǺİǲĬȻҲ˵ʲôȻǺҫŵ˵ʵûиҫʲô顣
Ĭ⻰һ㣬ʶҫŵˣĺѽ
ˣƶˣǹɣȻҪѱ͸ŵˡǺúõĹμӻ񣬾Ȼɱ֯ˣһıʵǻѽɡ
ã͹ȥ
ĬһǱİĵݺݵŵˡʵǺҫŵ̫Լʲôõĵط֮˺ҫŵˣֱӱɱ˾Ͳˡ
꿴һԱ߱ͽŵģҲЩ˼ˣתͷİǺ񶼺ǣǲ̫ˡ
İͲÿ˵ĿĬױѵҪ˼˵Ŀҡҡͷǵͺãùܱô
ûʲô
ֲǺõĸоںİô˵Ҳ÷
Ǻҫŵ˰ɣҽǹȥŶҽĬȺһʱͺİǴһк
Ĭĵܵܣ
Ȼϵ棬Ȼİʱ̬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
΢΢ͷĬĵܵܣǾ·ˣĬĺѣױҪİ⻰һⶼûУιҪĬ
Ƕλ
ǰ·İ˳źȥ
źİ뿪˴ھͺǿ˲٣ڸҺúúˡղźİվ˭ʱ˵ʲô±İסˡ
˵Ĭôͺҫŵ˳ϹϵǿǺҫŵˣҪ֪ҫŴͲʲôǵĵط
ô֪óĬһǳ˲Ůˣ
ǰĬİף֮ϰ
һǿĬˡ
˵֪Ĭ֮գҶغҶȻҲУǵҲҪѶٶ͸Ĭ֮ǰѾ˵ˣжĬļ֮ľ͸ӱˡ
ҶغݺݵüģתͷҶ裬磬˵ҫʲô˼ȻʱܹĬױвôģ
ǻ˴ǮΪȡĬףĬĻ
ҶҲе㿴׺ҫ⵽ʲôǴжԺҫΣеҲû̫Ļɡ
õļı㿴ĬʵȷǺǿǶǵˣھҪĬ֮ǲ˽һ飬õİ취
Ҷô˵Ҷ룬ƺҲôһ飬Ȼˣûа취ԺȵĬİҹ˳֮ĬİˣİҵķǱϸˣҪҲǺܷ㡣
磬˵ĶԣǾźϢɡ
ȻһжҪʧˡҫ¹ǵĸĬͺǲܵˡĬᵹùù
Ĭźİ˳ԼǰвɴһĨȡ
վôˣ
Ĭʵû뵽
İ۵ײɻһĨޣǰڿĬµģĺԼеĻҪ
΢΢ȻĬⲻΪϼ£ҲһĪĻϲ
ǵȻǹޣױϲİĬ˹ȭһ񣬡ģǺҫŵ֤Ļ˳ȥ
İ⻰Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣ˵ĺ˭ҪƻĻһ
ܹҺܸˣ
ôĿŵع׻ǻĬĵطһ¡֮ǰǺҫյͣϣҫֶܹԸ㣬ԽǹһǸױҲǱ֤Ļ񡣡
׻˵ĬһЩ
Ĭ۵ҲһĨȣ벻ϴѧԺ֮󣬾Ȼ˸ҶԼ֡
ãˣǳ׵ĺӣԷû̫֣ȲҪ֡
ǣġ


562 ױ3
Ḭ̇ؿĬаٸнòΪĬеˣڻǳɹߵһⱲĬȻҪϱ˶ˣֻأǰѾעĬİҹ֮Ե֡
ҶҵˣҶغҶҪ㶯֣ԺСˡİ뿪ԾںĬһ˵
Ĭ΢΢ͷİҹ˵Է֮ǰҲѾµһãˣлл㣡
Ҷҵ飬ҶغҶ˸ĬĶ֣ĬȫðС
׺İ˼ĻôڣǺİǸˣв㣬ȥĬá
ʱ䲻ˣȻȥɡ
İף΢΢˵ͷʾԼ֪һĬĬףҸһҸסҫԶʵĺܣ
ãף
ǺİߣĬ΢΢һж׺İ飬ȻԼֻ˵һǸֻİҹһˡ
İҹ·ϣĬһҲԼķױҲ뿪˷䣬ֻĬһˡ
Ĭ΢΢ս˫ȭԭȴһĸо
Ǽ޸İҹˣ
ĬʶظԼƽ̹С΢΢֮ǰԼܻôкӣһжôͻȻ
λǱİҹ˵ˣôͻȻҲѾȲҪȥ֤ԼĸĻ˰ɡ
ϾҪ޸㸸ˣĸ׻Ǻá
ʵĬҲǰע⵽ӵĴڣ׼ʱĬθھͲǺܺã֮ĬҲûзϣΪǶʱ̫æˣԲŻӰθڡ
ǰ죬ĬѾûʲôҪæˣǾ񻹲ǺܺãĶöġһĬҲǾ쵽Ծĵطעһ£Ȼ˱
̫ͻȻĬһӶЩӦҲҺҪˣ֮ټһԲ˵Ľࡣ
Դ˱ĬƽʱʱҲע⣬ѾһˣһΡ
˵ҽ㸸ףĴڣ᲻ܼ
˿Ĭ͸һĸԵĹԣɱһ棬˶˺ܶࡣ
ѩվſڵķĬȻԼķͻȻһ˶ûз֡кˣ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ŷһˣвһţܵرԼĶӣô
ͻȻһˣ
ѩ
ĬвһǵöѩİҹδޣǴʱͻȻ֣ĬҪҲܡ
ѩбƣĬһļ£ǳȷĬһŮˡ
֮ǰ˵ĬʵһŮˣаοԼⲻǱ˵˵ˣĿĬվԼǰҲûа취ƭԼˡ
㣬һŮˣ㻳ˣ
ѩղĬ
ĬƴԼҪ侲һƽ
ѩң㲻Ҫ嶯¡
ĬϵѾ˵һУİҹĺӡ
ѩʲô׵ĵطһôЦȴЦѩòһ㣬ԼһϲһˡȻȴϲһŮˣ
һѩĬѩֲõŲµˣⰵǺǣĬϲ㣬İҹ˴飬кӵİҹ֪𣡡
֪ôģĬоȻţѩӦòԼ֣ܲѩϵĶ⡣
˺ӵԵʣ˭Ĭһݿݡ
ر˵ͺйصĻ⣬ĬͲɸˣʱĬͲ˻ǲһŮˡ
ص˵ͷǰҹڻ֪飬ҲǸոȷ飬Ҫһϲ
ĬģѩȻô˲ҲжˡߵĬԱ£ĬĺĽ㣬㶼ԼĺӣԼϲҸһ𡣡
ǰҲоҺҸѩңһŮҲҸ
ѩ΢΢Ҿл㼪ˡ˵϶ϲҿҪ϶մȾһϲˣ
ĬɵһЦȻûпˡ


563 ֻ񣬽1
ǵİҹӵʱһƬ֣
ڵˣ
￩
óжİҹĳֶڴһֵģϰףΪ˱ʾŮӳ̶ȣһҪɹӭӵȻҪһͷֳܱӳ̶ȡ
һİҹҪĬߣȻҪһʱ͹
ѩȻҲ΢΢תͷĬϵЦݣˣ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾţҹˣĬǳӭѩ񣬲¶вĵطѩŲܡ
Ļ鷿֮ܿͻĬߣ֮˳ϻΣڵĶѩڷкܶ಻ĵطˡ
ѩĿ⿴Ĭ΢΢ҲأҺ뿴İҹôģһģǲǻһ۾ϳ
һʱ֮䣬ĬҲû׶ѩ⻰ʲô˼ӦѩǰһֱӵĬѨûа취
ѩʲô
ĬɺݺݵüģĻ񣬶ѩѨûа취ĵ׻һĨõԤСѩﶼҵˣòҪ嶯
ѩǷˣԭΪԼĿʲô⣬ȻڿĬҸʱǾӶˣĵһħͻȻͷ˳ѩҲƲԼ֪Լʲôֻ
Ů˲ѿһĨõЦݣһѹסĬļ򣬻Ĭϵ£ɫļ£ϲ
Ǻǣ֪ﶼҵˣǶˣһʲôЧѩƷ⣬뵽Լ⣬Խ˷ܣѾȲҪ֣֤Լ뷨ĬɣҼ޸İҹ
ȻòԼϲˣôȥõϲ˶ĬһУѩҪ취õ֡
뵽ѩ˷ܵı飬޲㵸
ζѩе׶Ĭôۣ֪ĬϻУֻǵĬϵѨûӹֵ顣
Ĭѣ˫۵ɴ󣬿ŶѩѵԼļ֮󣬻ػԼ·һѩͱ˽Ȼŵʱ򣬶ѩֻҪͷϵĺͷ˭뵽߳Ů˾Ȼ
ѩ·⣬ԼĬĲ࣬һ·ûֱӴϱǣһȫõĻᱻ˿ˡ
㵽Ҫʲô
ѩһΪѾˣ 벻㾹ȻʳĴҾ뿴İҹܲҲϳ㣬ҸԸ䣬úðóףܣҾý޸İҹ˾ˡ
ȻĬҲѾԤϵȻѩĿŵ˵ʹ޲ѣҪʹѿڵȻһЧûС
㲻ԣ
ѩ˵ԼҪ˵Ļ֮ҲٺĬ˵µĬѨڷĴɺã֮ñӰĬһֻҪע⣬Բַᷢ⻹һˡ
һУѩԱߵĺͷԼͷׯڴߣԵ㶨ǽ
ʱѵ
ϰףǲܽķ䣬ھţĬȥһУȶŵأԤʾδ֡
㣬ޣķ˵ϻЦݣֻڴϵֻǵ˵ͷΪĬǺˣв롣
˭Ҳ뵽ϲŮ˾ȻĬȴǱԷں棡
ĬƴҪ˵ע⣬ȻԽżԽ˵
żŶѾ߳һϸк޼
ǲҪǼٵģ
Ĭкһһ飬ǸͲ
վſڵİҹûɵһţܾƺʲôҪ۵׻һĨâڿĿɫã¶ϲõϢôܻᷢʲô飡
ɰҡҡͷˣصſڣһתʱ䣬ѾŽ˹
ĬİҹĬ䵽ϣг˻ϲ˵ĬǽҪˡ
ﲢ˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷѩһ󳰷ΪĬİҹ֮ĸ鵽жô˼겻ڸһͷԷԼﻻһ˶ûз֡


564 ֻ񣬽2
ʵ˵黹Ĺֲİҹͷϣôܻ뵽һĹԼﾹȻ˵һһҵʱ
İҹܾýĬе㲻һˣһʱ֮ҲҲ⣬ֻܷеɻһסĬ֣Щ΢΢ĳ
󷴶һİҹڷʲô㶰Ĭˣô
İҹ٩һв⣬΢΢ڻã̫ҿˣ
İҹֱˬĻش˶УҶЦ˳óİҹĬ֮ĸǺܺãŶĽˡ
ȻȻ
ǽƯģⲻǰǵɶסˣԱ߲塣
ôһСܿ½ӭ׽׶Ρ
𽿡
źýŴһĵ𣬸̧ӵʦͬʱ̧ӣ˳Ŀĵس
ֵǴĬĶУĬڷ棬ˣô˲ĵӳһûа취ݵʹ;İҹϲԼⱾҲ顣
Ĭ˭Ҳˣָо˵ľ֪ʲôʱŻ˷Լڷ档Ҫȣȴһ취ûС
ʱĬѾǵ׹ȥ˶õʱ䣬ѾֵʱİҹŶѩٰѾԶˡ
ͻȻĴŴ˿ĬǰһϣԷܹԼ
ѾޣǲӦûһ·ô뵽ʱĬԼû뵽ʱĻǺİ
İӿﱻͽΣĪֵġҲ˵⵽ΪʲôܾʲôԾĵط
Ҳ˵İûа취ָо鿴Ĭķ䡣
öѩûаĬһǳεĵطܿע⵽ϲ¡۵׻һĨȣʲô
İҲתƵ˴ϵλãҲһÿɫĽĬݺȻǰ
Ĭô
İҲǺݺݵסˣŴֻµŮˣѾƲġνң˵ľǺİڵĬһǱߣżĬôˣ
ģע⵽Ĭûж⣬˵Ѩ
Ĭգգ۾ʾ
ǰһĬ⿪Ѩô£ںһ𣡡
ĬڻָɣһղһֱһƣһоɼȷĺӲûʲô󰭡΢΢ղŶѩ뷿䣬ҲҵѨ֮˻Ρ
Ǳסʱ䣬ĬѾ˺ܶ飬Ĵ㣬ڷǺܼĬɫھҹѾˡ
İһȻᷢ飬Ĭģǻû߶Զھʹ׷ȥ
һɣҺоԾĵط˹ȻҪˣ
Ҳ׺İĸоڶǡôˣȻ·ȥ׷ˣ
ĬԼĶӣΪ˶ĺӣҲһҪֹѩжĿѾ˴㣬ãھ͹ȥİмҪæ
Ƕôˣʲôֱӿڱǣ
ҽ
ĬĿţֹֻİҹͶѩ֮İãֲ̫ɧ֪֮صõİ취
ȻĬû˵İҲһӾĬеĺ壬֣صصͷãͽң
Ĭиж黹Ҫ鷳ˡ
ȻѾ飬Ȼֵʱ
ŮӵĹ۲Ƚϸ΢һ㣬ȻȷӦע⵽Ĭо֮ı仯һѾ϶˼֡ȻƾĬʵôܻᱻѩ͵Ϯɹ
ǲѾˣ
⻰һǺİҲŵˣתͷĬҪ׷һ𰸣Ĭˡ
ԺİĬȻҲûʲôĵطصصͷǣкˡ
찡Ȼģ
һ֪Ĭ˫ӣİĬʱ͸СˣĬκʧ
ĬģһĻɹУѾǼ򵥵˻񣬸ӵ⡣
Ĭ΢΢˹ţǡԴ˺֮ҵ½˺ܶ࣬жҲ½ˣʵˣҪˡ


565 ֻ񣬽3
ȻĬкİߣûʲôõĵˣ˼ƽ껹Ĭ壬õµֵ׼ԱĬʮޱĬûʲô⡣
ںİȻҪӿһֱȥ׷ӭ׵Ķ顣
굣ĬᵣģκһԼ׵ʱ飬ѵɡΪĬ˺ĿøһЩģһжģһɹѶѩ
һϣʵĬûôൣģѾˣֻϣһжºİҹͶѩˣİҹǸԼҲûʲôõĵġ
ţҲģ˶֪İҹ׵ңʱȥǡ
Ĭ˵⻰Ҳ֪˵̫ڵǲˡ
꿴ĬƺĲǺģҲܺݺݵһͷţͺã㣬Сڶѽ
оϴμҲûкܾõӣһĬĶﾹȻѾһӣָоĺ
˵ԼĺӣĬͷҲ˺ܶ࣬ӦһˣǰµʱΪҪӻȽ
ĬԼǵҩʦҩԱ˸˽һЩԴӷֻ֮ʲô鶼ȽСģӳڴ
ᡣ
İҲһ·ҹ£ϺɫɴϤ˾Բ뵽ȻǺİ
֪Ů˲Ĭ˶֪ںİȻҲܱ¶ԼΪĬ롣
ѩȻ뵽ʱ䣬ĬѾ˷֣ڳ߸ϹŮͷźɫĸͷǿƲסʵİҹĬ֮ĸҲûôãİҹûܷڻﲢĬ
ʵѩҲûԼҪôֻҪȷĬǲһŮˣȵȷ֮ٷĬѾУƲеļʣĬ֡
֮嶯֮£ԼȻѾɹĬ⻨СѩкȻٵĵʲô
ò˶ãܿͻİҹóףһȵЩǽ֮İҹӡһϣ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
ѩǹ˹ͻȻҲǲƺһж»صԭ㣬ԭİҹԼûκ飬Ӧþͼ޸İҹ
İҹǰ棬ȴʲôѹĲȥô˲䣬İҹҪͣ
΢΢üģİҹҲ벻Լ⵽ôˡ
ں˵סӭ׶飬İҹоȻĪһ΢΢šüģŵԼǰĺˣʲôˣİҺҵĻ񣬻뿪ȻݹҲ
İ΢΢ŲİҹжİҹҲмԼȢŮ˵ǲĬֲʲôӭȢĬ
ǺǣʲôˣʵɣǾǳŽģǺҫŷһ·
İһ㶼ûĵֱӾͰѺҫŵ˳
Ȼҫ֮ԭ̧ӵļʦһӱ˵ǼǱʱ̧ӵˣǺһİҶʲôϵڸӲΪ׮Լ
ѩԭúõڽ棬ôһֱӴӽˤȥҲҺӦ죬סľͷӣסƽ⣬ԭá
ɺݺݵšüģѩҲ벻ףôôͻȻȻܹԱЩˡ
ǳȥãȥҲá
ѩս˫ȭаοԼİҹ棬ܷԼ»Ӹɱ֯˴ߡղԼûмǴĻҫ֮ǰĬױ˲ٺöھȻð
ƸӣҲѩʲôϸ˼Ļᡣ
İҹһ۵ʱѾϳ˺İ֮ǰмİİҹκθҸԼŮ˵˶ӡ
֪ĬͺҫŹϵͬһ㣬ҫ˵ʲôܻĬõ֣Ȼҵʱ򣬺İѾվ˳
ںİʲô
Ҫʲô˭ʹô
İ΢΢ΪʲôҪô˸߼ͷǮȻҪµģſɣ
룡
ֻܿİҹһԾźİȥһһ˴һ˿˼ֱǲɿˡ
ʲô鰡Ȼͨɱ֯ˣҪɱ
ýҲǵһ飬඼Ҫųˡ


566 ¶ˣ1
ԭҶغҶ˾ĸӭ׶ĺ棬л;С벻ÿ˺ҫźİҹǴ
ؾҶҲɶ˼ֵ
ҫŹȻͬ죬֮ǰǻĺҫŵǮ֮󲻳ָɻ뷴Լˡ
õľҶˣһݺݵصͷסҶĸ첲磬㿴Ǻҫŵ˳ˣ̫ˣĬ϶ˣ
һҫŵ˺İҹɹӭ׵˫һ𣬷ĬڽʲôҲûСܾһЩԾĵط
磬˵Ĭôڻڽ棡ѵһ㶼ģ
ҶһվڽԱߵýŻ˵ʲôлһ˿Ȼ
ޣͲܳȥԼƿͷȻͻᵼ»ҡĬӦþΪԭûгɡ
ظⶼʲôʱˣȻЩ
Ҷغݺݵس˳ǣⲻм
ҲǺܺõҶأŮ˲ǰһҲ˵ĬǲƿͷӲ߳Σ
ԣ˵
ҶһתѾע⣬ӿڴͳһƿҩۣ磬㿴ʲô
ǣʮɢҶû뵽ҶسžȻЩҶҲûоԼʲôԾĵطϷбҪģԣʮɢֻҪһ㣬һûУ
Ҷ⻰һҶȻҲҶص˼˲󼺣ҲȷҫŵǲܶԸİҹʱ䣬Ĭ㶨ȻõĽ
˽һ񣬺ܿ׶Էʲôˡ
һ˽Աߵýţһ˭Ҳõġ
ѩȻΪýԱ˵ЩŲҳȥΪͲܳȥѩһȥͻ¶ڣͲĬˡҲֱĬúõǺҫŵʲôھȻ
ȻһᶫѩԼȻҲûע⵽ԱߵýѾû˶Ƕѩע⵽ˣҲֻΪýǵԼİΣӵ˰ˡ
ҶؽվԱ߰µýţһ⣬ĿתŮˣѧý˵ĿС㣬Ҳ˰ɣˮһɣİܿͻˣϾͰȫˣ
ѩҲǿڿˣûжٻɣÿֻһǰһΣ֮ʲôоûˡ
ˣȻкУ
ȻѩаûҲѾˣܲס룬׻Թȥ
Ҷزһ⣬ȷŮѾʧȥ֪һߣĬ㲻Ǻ˲ڻ䵽ҵ
Ҷ۵ŨŨľϲͺվһߵԭһ˳˲šĳɹˣ
ȻѾԹȥˣھͽŮˣ
˵ҶֱӾҪӽšĬȥһ£Ĭᱻ˻ɣĬû֪ǰҸطİҹǻҲֻΪĬԼ뿪ỳɣ
Ȼĸ
Ҷ΢΢˼Ƭ̣;ûҶ⻰˵еͷãǳʱ䣬ǻûлߡ
˵ҶٶҲֱӱԱߵĵطܣٶҲһ㶼š
Ƕѩô벻飬ԼȻĬôһѡ
ߡ
İҹͺİ뿪˫ԼˣȻܿͣˡ
İҹݺݵüģİˣİڿ˵˰ɣ㵽ڸʲôİĬˣҫɱĬİҹôŵġ
İİҹݣһ㶼⣬΢΢ɴӴ벻㾹ȻôͰϳˣ
ûгʲô˼İҹݺݵüģĳҲǷꡣ
ôȻҲǰ㣬ȻҪһˡİûİҹмѾܺˡ
ҪĬѡˣټĬڶﻹ˵ĺӣİҪֱӰĬߣʲô÷ˡ
İҹһҲ⻰˼
ǺǣףҾͰѻ˵ĸһ㣬ȢߵĬ𣡡İ⳰ȻԼﶼϴҲǹˡ
ؾǻİҹסˣԼﶼϴˣ
⻰ʲô˼ѵ˲ĬܿİҹͷӦôܣȻܿİҹѾ⣬֮ǰҲĸо


567 ¶ˣ2
İһ΢΢Ҳȫҩɽ⣬ӣǸŮ˲ĬǲӦҪлһңȻȢŮ˿ɾͲĬˡ
Ļİ˵İҹȻҲҪһʱİʾлĲĬĬأȥ
İһĬںһ𣬷ģĬû⣬İɡ׼ôŮˣ
İҹһҪȢŮĬھȻ;ˣİҹôͬ⡣
Ů˭ҲŹˣ
İҹģİҲ˲٣οȷİҹĵĬãĻܰİĬİҹϡ
ҪôԴŮˣ˵ҲǳģѩҵĴС㣬֮ǰǰδޡ
İԥ˵ѩݡ
İҹһѩ
ȻŮˣתһ룬ҲеԭΪԼȻȥ
һ㶨İҹԶֻĬһˣ˭ҲȡѩҶĬ֣ҾԲ׷ŹİҹⱲ˱Ĭѩ飬İҹ⡣
ۣеߣİҹĵ߾Ĭκ˶Ĭ֡
ãҾͿжˣ㲻⣬ҾĬҲü޸㣬һĬǺҫܲί
Ҳᣡ
İҹλ᲻֪İĬ̶ȣԲκλ룬Ĭֻģ
Ҳ룡
İݺݵس˳ǣΪĬʵҪĬһ𣬲Ĭͬ⡣
İҹαѩƭˣһͶѩף飬˵ʲôŲ¡
һȥҶѩ˵ҵֻĬ
Ȼȵİҹͺİղ뿪ĵطﻹжѩӰһӰ
ô£
İҹѯʣİҵҲֻӲͷƤվǹʱѾˣǾȻΪ˴ܣ˸Ūˣ˵ȥֱ˳Ц
˰ߵģԼ뿪ģİҹһۻεĵط￴κδ򶷵ļ󣬿ȥǶѩԼ뿪
أƺٷԼ뿪ġ
İҹһ¸첲зƣҲǶѩʶ࣬Լ֪뿪ҲʡŮ˳ˡ
ˣ֪ˣ°ɡ
İҹӣȻ˭Ҳʱ˵ʲôҲǿϧĬİҹ˾ôߵһڵһҪ¶ĥ
ʲô鰡
Щ˵Ķۡ
İҹתͺİ˶һۣҲҺöѩ뿪磬ȻҲŹŮˡ
ܴ
Ĭأİҹ飬ɺݺݵšüģĬߣûпĬˣﵽûа취
ҹĬţĳĬһ·ܵܺõչˣһ鶼ûУû¡
İҹǰһסĬû¾ͺã
ֻҪĬû飬İҹͿԷˡĬκ˶ҪҪ
ĬصصͷİɣڶѩأǶѩȡԼڸ˹ȻûпѩĬЩġ
ѩһԼ뿪ˣԺ˵ҲŹŮˣ
İҹһ棬ҸͲ㱻Ů˸ˡ
ȻˣȥɣϾ飬ҲпǷѩĵطûˡ
ΨĬ˵ĻΪ׼İҹĬˣȻҲ˵ʲôѩ飬׻İҹܻںڶֻ
ڣڸҪǵĻ
ãһжûˣǻȥɡİҹ֣ʾ·
ȻĬֻǴԼƽʱ·ϵļѾɡʱýŵҲѹղŵĸɱǧģȻӶˣ
ԭղҶزûɱýţǵĿֻĬһˣҲûɥĲɱˡҲֻǰýŸһƴιȥ
ýһתͷµĬɺݺݵüġ
ӴιҵС㣬ôôһĹ򣬾Ȼ·ҲˣôܴԼ·㻻ؼ£
ĬҲ͸ղżµŮ˲ԼɫļڻڶѩϣҪȥһ´ϡ
İҹȻһʱĬѴղ˳¾Ͳˡ


568 ¶ˣ3
ȻϣýȴǲܴӦٻ񣬾ûмϲ׵ĵ
ôУеʽһҪУŮһֻһεĴ£ôܾôִˣһŤýţĽ档
ӵýţĬһĪиС
֮ܵǰ׼µļ£˵ĬҪ벻Ĭõļ¡
ҲҪżﻹ׼һϲϰɡ
ϲýŲǰһм任һϲǿԣղż֤ôһ׮飬ϲ˵ֵɷˣһµĸӺã
Ĭ΢΢ͷУȥһ·
Ĭȥ·Ҳɴһ˿ȣô뵽±һ¡
˵һ㣬ҲЩ˼ˣϻһĨÿĺΣ˵ɲЦҡ
˵ɣҿ϶Ц㣬ҸҪл㶼Ҫ׼õļ£ڻźĬƺǺⳡȻôܣһŮһӵĴ¡
ĬϲƽϣϣĬе׻ǻġ
һ죬Ĭúü£ʵ׼͸֮ǰ뽭쳣˵ǰʱļ£ȻûгףȴǱ˵ˣ֮ҾͰ¸׵ʱ͸㡣
ֵǶ˵ף϶һѾ׼˼£һȻҲû֮ˡһǰһˣҺôˣ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾԼˣעõģҴΪ׼õļ£Һϲ꣬лл㣡
ϲͺã꿴ǰŮˣɿ۾ۣ̫ˣΪļһ
ĬԼģ΢˵ԼƯȻ鲻ĺܺÿ𣡡
Ȼ̫ÿˣͺϵŮһ޸İҹǱˣһ̾
⻰Ĭ΢΢ҡͷʲô˲˵⣬ԼϲİҹֻҪˣ
ˣ⻰ɲҪ˵ˣǳȥɡ
ĬĬͷѾһͷİҹȴǴδе۵㣬ڿԷˡ˾Ҫˡ
찡ϾȻôÿļ£
ǰֱ̫ˣ
ɵˣºǵٷԸòã
һ˶Ե̾һ벻Ĭһõļ¶ôһָоĬϴ±֮ǰǼӺÿ
İĬ³۵ײɻһĨޡ
˺ܾòſģһѾΪĬĻ׼ˡһģ˶Ҫܶࡣ
ʱ򣬻ҫŵֵЦ׵ʱļ¿϶Ƶģȥһ
ʱﻹʧ˺ܾãĬȴǴΪ׼ļ³ޣҲһ⡣
ýԭΪĬıüӦû򵥺ܶ࣬ʵ벻Ȼô
һʱ֮Ҳһ£ǿ첽߹Ĭĸ첲ˣǻʲô㶰ҪӿٶˡҪ˳׵ļʱ
ý⻰˲Ǻ֪طӦǾȻĬˡ
ĬϻΣ̣ԭ̧εļηڸղžѾԶˣһİҹֻһ䵱η
𽿣
һлعƽ
ĬһɣһжüѡԺ֮ǰЩСֻҪڶǶԵľͺá
Ĭ΢΢ԼСӣϾҪİˣĸĸף˸ڴ
ڶѩʱֵȥΪʲôͻȻ뿪ЩͲĬл顣
ߡ
ҶغҶ˴ŻԹȥĶѩҲһ·˺Զڷͣ
ҶҶŮ˱һˣ磬ѾˣǾͲҪˣɡ
Ҷ迴һܱߵĻصص˵ͷãɡѾԶˣҲ׷ˡ
ȻİҹǷˣҲ׷
磬ˣ㿴һͷǺҶᣬǰһҶϵϸ
û£ǻȽŮ˵顣ҶлһĨǲκĵط


569 Ȼץˣ1
ҶҲֱӽҿϵĺͷĬòҶһֱм֮ġĬʱ׼ݺݵһҪֱӻ˶Էգ֮ɱĬ
ȻҶƿŮϵĺͷͲһӱŮ˵ոŵˡ
ô£
Ҷ⻨һҶҲɾȵתͷôˣ
ҶѾȫסˣŮ˵㿴Ĭ
Ҷôһ˵ҶҲסˣرڿŮ˵գŮԾͲĬ
Ĭ
ôĬȥ
ֵǱŵˣʵû뵽û˵˵ƺЩĬϣûʲôǲܵˣȻҲͲǰŮˡ
Ҷк޼ǻôȻŪһðƻܸ˵
һ˦ȥ֮žһܿ춫ѩϾͳһ׵İӡͿ֪ҶһƵжˡ
ʱ򣬶ѩҲ˹
ŮֻԼʹ͸оԼڵˤ˺üһ΢΢˫ۣҶغҶ˻Ŀ⣬ʶסԼԴоԼû

⻰ҶҪʶѩģΪʲôڻϡ
һأôӣĬǽɡ
ѩһʱ֮Ҳ֪ҪôشҶ⻰֪ʲôˡ
ԣҾǴĬȥİҹģô죡
Ȼͺ֮ǰвĬİҹ˵Ļ񣬾Ȼĳôһڡ
ҿ
ҶؾҪˣȻ磬ץˣĬĬ
Ҷ赱ȻҲ⣬벻׵ǣĬϲİҹģôԼĻӦĴڡ
ԭҪץĬ
ѩҲǴˣ˵ĶԻоѾµһţҲûԤϵĬĳҾȻô࣬һĬѰġ
ǰĬӹһ١
ҲĬгԲǰĬŪңĬ޸İҹͲԸ޸Լϲˣ
ѩ⻰Ҷ˲ҵһ
ҶͷԶԶԣĬ̫ˣҪŮˣҺ͸ҶΨһļ̳ˡĬ֮󣬸׾ȻһҶ˽Ů
ʵ˵ҶҪĬصԭ򲻹ô򵥡
ѩ΢΢һ㶣˾ȻĬú͵ܵܣʵĬҵĺӡ
ǡ
ѩһָо֪Ĭһкܴİ
ȻιƻҪöѩʧˣĬݼֱڵݸҪİҹİҶΪĬ˽ŮݶĬ
Ҷоûʲôǲ˵ģټͬĵˣɵ˫֮ľ붼˲١
ҶҵˣҶҶҼҸף
Ҷص׳ŻҪҶҵݣвŻЩע
벻ҶҵİȻĬͿԣĬеһжûԼĸĸͼˣ㹻ʵõԼҪһСһϣĬ˲ͬĵط
ǾȻҶҵˣ
ѩҲɿʼˣңԼǱҶø˳ȻȵҶҼ֪ԼȻȡŮ޸İҹʱֻԼһ嶼ҪΪԼΪصĴۡ
ҶغҶ˵˵ͷʾ
ҶصİĿҶ赽׻мļƣǶѾԼݸ¶˳Ȼ֪ܲѩݡ
λʲôˣôĬ𣡡
ѩһͣӦӦðԼݸ߶Է
ȻҶѩԼѡĻᣬڶѩСǵϡ
ˣղСƤΪĬڴʱɢһ㶾ҩ
˵һ㣬ҶҲе㲻˼ˡ
ǸԲ𰡣Ҳ֪㲻ĬԲš
ûˡ
ѩһҶص̬ǺףҶһˣҪƭԷҺһͬĵˣⷽ棬˵ܹ໥
ǶѩĴС㡣
˵⻰ѩ΢΢̾һʵΪʲôĬԭѾ˰ɡԭҲİҹδޣİҹΪĬǿƺףǶҲûа취һҾͳǸŮˣһ˵ʲôŲȥ
ѩ⻰һ˲Ҷö⻰
찡ԭǸİҹĶС㣡İҹûһ۹⣬㿴õһŮӣĬвŮģ
ҶмжԿĬų⣬ĲϲĬ
ҶŶѩһ񣬱ȭԭǶС㣬ղŶбǸ붫С㺣
ѩ΢΢ͷûйϵⲻҲ֪ϻûʲôܲȰҰϵĶԸˡ


570 Ȼץˣ2
ѩ⻰ҶصҲǷӦǾȻûиѩⶾ
ҶǸⶾˣĲ˼ѩھͰѽҩ㡣ҶҲ룬ֱӴӿڴóʮɢĽҩ
ⷽ棬ѩȻҲκγɵĵطæҩٷȥڿԺݺݵһˡһϢ֮󣬶ѩڷ֣ԼԻһˣ𽥻ָ
ãллҾڸоöˡѩҶ¶һЦǴӱϻĿʲô˵ĵط
ΪйͬϲˣҶؿŶѩʱ۾ϲ
ţѩ˾ͺãҪô죡ֱڣҶضûзҪĬֵ飬뵽ĬڶѾɹ޸İҹ֮ϵյʵͻǿ֮ҪԸĬȻ͸鷳ˡ
һϣѩǺţһġ
ҪãѾɹ޸İҹˣʱĬУİҹȴѾ˵ɷָо϶ѹ
Ȼʲôûˣ
ŮһҲǰȷûܳɹ޸İҹͬĬҲûܼ޸İҹ
Ĭڵ״̬ڻҵĴţʱȥûжʱ䣬Żô˷顣
ߣȥң
ѩᶨѾ⡣
ػҶɻˣΪʲôҪ»ҰˣѩĬ˻ΣĬأʱǷĹؼ㣬ﱻ棬ȥ
ѩ΢΢ҵĬѨӦûң
ۣȻôѩ
ҶһԶѩ֮ǰѾ˶㣬ȻǼʶĬʵȻѩȻܹһϢǱң֮󻹰ĬƷˡ
˵һ㣬ʵѩҲЩ飬ʵȻĬ֮£ҲǳĬ֡
ټĬУΪ˶ĺӣҲҹӦӦԼ
Ȼһ㣬ѩǲҶãǲͬһ·Ҫʲô鶼˵Ŀҳݣȥҡ
ãȥң
ҶǸˣеͳͳϵһһ֮жԶѩ˵ĻȻҲȫš
ѩҶأʶʱҲǺܳȻΪһˣı顣
ͬУһҡ
Ϊѩոսⶾԭ廹Ͼͻָ״̬Ǽ·ٶҲǺܿ졣ҶҪӶѩϵõһЩϢ·϶ѯʡ
磬ǰиˮ̶Ҳһ·һûкʲôˮȻѾǼ
ţǹȥɣӦҶ⻰ķǶѩŮ۵׻һĨɫȻҲ뵽һЩ顣
Ҷز룬Ŷѩĸ첲һȥˮҶҲһˮ
ûйʱ䣬ҶֻԼ˫ƤͺڴһƲסҪ˫ۣĸоۺۡ
ʵ̲סǿ˵֪ôģҾȻúûʲôҪҸطϢһ°ɡ
ãҲúۺϢһ°ɡѩ϶ĵͷ
֮תͷҶ裬Ȼû˵ʲôͣͷģѾ˵ڵˡ
Ҳ룬ԱߵĴԭϢƺſһ
Ȼһ·û߶೤ľ롣
ܿ೤ĺ𣬶ȷǼѾ˯ˡ
ѩ΢΢һ˻ҪһߣѩǾܾġŮл֮ǰҶöԼ¶׮飬һΪǻ¶ˣǿҵĶҩ
ܿѩӵվϵĲмվʲô鶼ûзһ
ڻڵϸûа취Ҷã᲻ĽҰʲô飬ͲȥǵˡǰҶѩҲ˺ܶࡣ
ȶѩԶҶ
СǺûгⰡ
ѩɻһҵҩûʧֹղпҶѾǴҩˮȥôỹѣ
ҶжԶѩз֮ģôֱܻӺùˮ
һŶ˵Ǹˮ̶ˮɣҲʣøˮʱ㲻עʱ򵹵ˡ

ѩҲû뵽Ҷ边ȻôСģԼѾ۵ˣˮ


571 ⣬ع飨1
ڵ汻ҶҴˣѩҲûʲô˵ģֱӵͷϣԣңҶҩ
ƺҲǺѵ飬ѩ΢΢ü飬ô죡
ѩץסһ㡣
Ҷ費ŭЦ۵׶ЦݣȻҲô죬ǶСҪô죬ҪҪ޸ң
Ҷǿ϶˵⻰֮оѾԤϵ˽
ʦģǽᡣ
ѩҲɱҶ⻰Цˣ΢΢ǺǣǺЦƾʲôҪ޸㣡ѩٲãҲԼҸ˰Լˡ
ȻҶǲǺܿϧѩϡ
ҵġҶп϶˵⻰֮󣬿˿žͲˬˡ
ѩɺݺݵصһҶ裬ԥһ䣬񾭲ƾʲô
֪ѩ⻰һ᲻ˣҶȴΪģ΢΢ѵ㲻ȫû
ȫû
ӿǻɶѩнˣҶ⵽ʲô˼ȷоԭȻʱܿƵɢʧָоɾöѩˡ
㣬㵽׶ʲôóҩ
ѩк޼Լʲôʱ˶ԷĵȻһ㶼ûע⵽ţ޲ھֱӳȥҶƴ
ڸûģվվˣӲ˵顣
Ҷǰһô޴Ů˻Ҫϰѣֱǳ˵ΡҶҲһѷסѩļֱӰѶѩȥһ֮ǰõɽ
㣬㵽ʲôǻɶѩˣĵĻ⡣һҶ裬Ҿ㣬㲻ҪҶҲŹģ
ȻҶһѾ¶˾ģܶѩ˵ʲôıԼľ
ҪѶѩŻˣ첻Ӧеصزĵطǰֻһ֪ҪʲôҶ衣
ǰһڣѩҲǰɽһһѾŵ˼㣬оԼЩ˳ˡ
ҶŲᵣĶѩе뷨ֻԼеľ
ѩͷ΢΢жԶѩ̶˲١˵ҵˣĶѾҵĺӣ㶫ѩ˼޸ңܼ޸˭
ʱҶо㣬߸׼ȷ˵ڶѩ˵ԼǶˣҶˡ
ͻǶѩ±ˡ
㣬㣬޳֮ͽ
ѩûнŲѣоԼѾˣôӡҶ裬ôҲҶҵү㣬ô顣
Ҷҵү
˵ʣҶ͸Ӳܷ£ΪҶӣҶҵһжûйϵҶں֮ǰ֪ԼҶĶӣӲѩݵĶӣ˵ҶҲռҶһϰˡ
ҶûκιϵΪҶҺúõȥҪĴֺãҵҶҲҵѩݣҶҪСֺãС
ʵҶҲɻоۣˡ
Ҷ֪ĬĴڣǰҶĬĹ̶ȣһҶĬӻҶңڡǸʱһҶҶĬģҶŮѵõʲôô͸Ӳ˵Ҷˡ
ǺǣҶңҽ͸㣬ҲҶĶӡԺ㶫ѩɷ򣡡
ȻòҶҵһУҶȻһת۵ʱ䣬˼˶ϡ֮ǰ֪ԶѩŮǳ۰
һвֻҪźһõԼҪһС
һϣҶ֮
쵰㲻ҪңҹѩĻˣ֪ҶģҲǶԼжôĿУӵĵҶľ֮ǰ˵һҪ˵ĺӡ
Ͳ׵ģ˺ӣȫһˡ
һͻȻ䶫ѩǺˣڽԼ³ç£ûгţǲе鶼ᷢ
·˺ѵڶ𣬶ѩ֪ԼȻôһ죬ƺԶ
׺ݵӴƣ˫ۣĴʹѩƲסĵͺһ
һʹ쳹ѪȾ˵ϵĳһɫļ½ӳȴĶǳӴһжˡ


572 ⣬ع飨2
ȻҶȴһ㶼оƣһβŮ̽˫۷죬ͺһһȡ֮ʲô֪ˡ
ʱ򣬶ѩڷȻı仯Ů˻ͷųһұĺâէȻɫԭȻô˲䣬ͻȻܲһʣǿֲ
ã
ͻ䣬ֻ½Ҫҡ
һӰͷһô˲ͺһۿɼٶȲ˶ʮ꣬ƺϾ͵ͷ;ƿݡ
ʦôˣ
ԭͽҲһӻˣʵ벻Ȼһӷͻ䣬ûɵһԴϴ±֮󣬶ûгֹѡʥŮȻҲƽûеı죬ͱ˵ڵ
ΪĳһӲ˶ʮģһӻˣôģʦ㣬ôˡ
񷳤ϴ˿Ѿû˶Ƕ֣㡣
ҲֱӳӵСذѲ񷳤ϸʦʦǷʲôˣ㣬ôǲǣǲҪʲôˣ
ֻĩ죬Լʦģ͸֧ȥеĵ
⿴ڶо͸ӽˡ
ңС
Ȼ񷳤⻰û˵ֱ꣬һûкûļÿһԼİţǲ񷳤ͼҪԼһ֮ȥѰҵȲİ취Ʊػᱻݡ
Ҳһɵˣʦ
ͺǿƲסһͣش۾һһʹ಻ѡҪԼİ취Ѳ񷳤ϸѣȻǲܵ顣

Ȼ콵дҪˡ
ԴҲǷһȺ˸Ϲʱֻһʹعԭأˮ
㣬ôˣ
ŶģѾµһ۵ײȾˮǲ񷳤ϣ
ʱҲ֪ʲôоعԭأƽʦˡ
⻰ֱӾ֤˸ղеĲ롣
ʦµһЩǻ˵꣬ȥˣȥѰУ֮Ͳ֪ˡԽǵʱ򣬶㾹ȻԼʦԸ˼ҺķѾҪס磬ͽĵȻҪΪʦ
ȶ˵꣬Ѿʲô֪񷳤ҪȥѰ壡ֻ֮˲һƽ٣
ںܾ֮ǰÿһмഫһһ콵䣬һҪ߾Լܱ֮ˣֱָƽ
Ȼлôһ׮飬нţ壬ҪȥѰ֮ˣ
һжһҵţһ˸ֲеͷ
ʱΪѾ׼ԵΪˣôܻ࣬ģȰ˲񷳤ϣ֮
ԴϴĬһ֮ͳĸĬ˼ڴˡڽЩ֮ĬȻ׷ԼԾͰ½ϡ£֪ĬĴڣһĬһ
ԸȥһжھȻĽУ֪оȻҲûĺܵġ֪ΪʲôоҪôһ뷨аʤ
Ҫľ֮ǰĿԻһеìܣеΣս͵͵㡣
ȻڴҶΪ콵仯ɽߵȴʲô֪
ҶҲ֪ʱȥ˶ãħһ׽ڶѩϡһװԼеһжڶѩϡ
Ȼô˲䣬ҶоԼѾԼеԶԼȥһȫ˹ȥ
֮ǰҶ趾ҩĶѩȴܵ˳ֵ󣬻³
ұɫĹâɢŮ˻˫ۣһƾͰѹԼϵ˸ƿˣ۵׻һĨұĺ⣬ʱȥǿֲ
ʱѵŮˣǶѩֺѾǶѩˡ
Ů˻شӵվԼϵĳ۵׻һĨĺ⣬ȥȻ˼ֹˡ
ĿƳһڵϵˣ˿ҶѾûκϢͺѾһһ
ûá
𣬴˿̶ѩϸһǴӵħһ


573 ⣬ع飨3
ȷʱĶѩѾԭŮˣ³һﻹ˵Ļһ֣ᷢҶͣ˶֮ѾױŮ˸ϵΪһˡ
֮䶫ѩһӣһɫĴţʱҲ֪һʲôʱɽеĿı䣬ޱȡ
ɣҵС棡
Ŷѩ⻰һֻһӰ滺˳֮ϣŶѩ¹һ׼ǣ𾴵ˣҵţ񣡡
ˣʱֵȵԼ˭Ѿˡ
ŮֻǵԼƹħԨħ˵֮ƿǧħһ϶Լġħֻܼǵñ˶ôƺԼ
ڹԼǰħħΪҳϵһǧǰս磬ţ־ȡİɡ
벻ɣһħܹ»ع磬ţ棬ͱħһսһǵģ
ŮвЩϧ˽ħĴֻܴһСʱ䣬ٻħεһʱٻ˾ţˡ
ţڵϣƺܹӣŮħĽ£ѾһǳҸ顣
ţˣӭ˻ع飬Ըս磡
ӰڻһӰʲôʵ壬Ȼ˽ʵҲǽ˲١ħֻ뿪ħԨ˽磬ȻҪԼһʵͲԼ硣
Ƕһħ£еħжŷħֻҪܸħߣܸĴ۶κԥĵط
һħŮ
ѩ⻰ɫ쳣⣬ͷͬ⣬ţίһ£뵽˵ɣѾױɣԺ㣡
лˡӰһζŮ˹һ֮ӰߵҶķ֮Ӱ棬ò˶ʱ䣬ӰױҶģ
ֻҶĵվ֮Ϲڶѩǰл˶͡
Ӱףû壬ϻܴܵƣھȫõЩ⡣ΪҪǣţܹϣûнţʵ໥֮ʵ˲٣ľϲ
ãϲͺãסԺǶѩ
ŮѾ벻Լԭ֣ѩֵͦģҲ׼ıˡ
ǣţסҶɫĶǶԶѩ𾴡
Ժ棬ͽҶ裡ѩκ쳣ƽ
Ů˲ɺݺݵս˫ȭڻˣһ죬Ҫ׻磡
ħ콫ң˵ľ
ѩһ࣬һɽ˳˶ѩԭļ䣬Ȼ֪ѩԭҪȥƻĬİҹ֮Ļ
ҾͰһѣҲǸл壡
ҶӦ˵ţ͸ڶѩĺ棬ʲô룬ֻҪڶѩĺͺãʲôߡ
ȻߣĬİҹ˿ɲ֪һħڳԼ߿
콵ĬȻҲע⵽ˣЩš
ѡĻƵգһ﷢飬ѾĬ˵ʲôŲܾú滹ʲôᷢ
ֻϣⳡ˳ɡĬҲϣġ
İҹϬȻҲע⵽ı仯иһΪһˣҪе𱣻ԼӵΣ
дʮֵľҲİҾڲԶҲѾ˺ܳһʱ䣬ڵİң
½Σ
ýŲһɣҲ֪ԼڵʲôȴҲòϣǽⳡý⼸ʮΪһһԡԲˣֻҪȥ֮ʲô鶼ûˡ
İ͵ſڵţһĶЦ⡣
ڵˣ˾ͺã
İΪһ֮ʱϵЦݸڲס
ǵҲһڸղſʱһĸͷŲȥƽ¡
ӭš
λ˻߽ȻѾΧ˲ٱͣİҸĸڸλϣǱҪ֤ԼĶӵĻ
úúãһ֣ȫֳİҶĬ̶ȡ
ʱѵá
˴һ쳹һҪˡ


574 ħ1
ĬĪһֻҪϣİҹӣ˳ӣڴֱĬҲ֪Լﵽʲôˡ
һء
ݸá
޶԰ݡ
ƺûöʱ䣬Ĭİҹι֮һɡ˳Ϊ˷ޣ
ô˲䣬ĬоȻһʱ֮䲻֪Ҫôеľϲ֮飬һֻΪⳡ񲻻ô׾ͽȥϾл̫顣
ĬжˣȻڰõʱ˵ﲻ֪ðһʲôˣ֮ʦ˵İҹ֮䲻ʣһһ֮ĻȻԺ鶼ûзһжһƽ˳ˣ
Ҫ˵Ĭô룬İҹֺγǺݺݵһ벻龹Ȼеô˲䡣
İҹսĬĸ첲ԽᣬĬһˡ
ĬصصͷҲĶǿƲסػϲǣһˡ
֮⣬˰Ĭͻط䣬İҹȻҪк͡
ȻȻƽʱʱĬİҹԲһЩأԼϣҲǼΪġ
붴
Ĭͷϻһͷ΢΢Դŵ棬ĲԼײʲô
İҹʱȻ߲ģҲ⣬İҵĻıͶȻʱİҹΪѡò˶ʱ䣬İҹͻطȥĬ
ǵЦݲԾǲ˼֣ںĬ˳ߵһ˾ô꣬ǲֻҪĽǺõľͺã
İҹǱ˹鰡Աߵ˲Ц˵ģҲ˵һҪⱭƲУ
ȻʱֵҲǴڡ
İҹиˣȻһһ񣬡İҹܸ˴ܹμҺĬ֮ĻȸΪİҹҲˬ죬ֱӰǰľƺȥ
úúãˬ죡ˬ죡
һʱᣬҾڽİҹҲô׾Ͱİҹߡ
ٷˣ棬һʱҲˡ㡣ѩԱ
Ĭһϲİʶ˲֮࣬ǰѩвɶ˼У΢΢Ȼİҹĺܵѩ㣬һΪ㻹Թ
֮ǰԹһĬû뵽´Ǽʱ򣬾ȻԼĻϡ
ѩͷԵףĬİҹˣҲ˵ǿһ·߹мҲ˲顣
ĻôܹôҪʱ䣡ѩ˵׮ƺ׮Ҳһ棬Ҿ͹㡣
Ĭл⣬μӻ˾Բ٣һǲԶǧĹижѡ
֪ôģĬлмźԼߵļСһȴߣûܿס
ֻǲ֪ЦЦǼںòá
ĳĬļĹϵԺ֮ܲǰڼǼԹ֮󣬾˲仯ɳԻԣĬһϲǼСһȻֱӾԼȥѰޡ
ʹһ𣬺ĬûмǼСһ
Ҿ˵ôǼأǾǻϹ룡Ĭ˵䣬ſڴС
СŮҲ룬ͳĬ˹ȻЦЦɹסĬǱ˴ӺסĶ
Ҿ㣬֣ҪΪѾˣͿԲϴУСݺݵصһСкգƺԷʲôŭԹһ
вΪ⣬Ҳʲôûصģ˵˿ô죡
˵ôܻûأ
ȻʱһСкһߵĬߣסĬĸ첲ˣС̣
ǾǻĬоˣǶ̶һʱ䲻С̶Ѿ˳ˣǰ۵СкĬ˵ľϲ
찡㾹ȻС̣㾹ȻҲɹˡ
ĬӡУСǼмСһûС̻ữ⡣ȻٴγĬǰľȻѾһɰСк
ʵһֲ˼ĸо
ţҾС̣ˣҳɹˡСкһĽĬʱ򣬾Ķǳݵı飬˵СΪ׽˻Ĭָоǻ˭ˡ
ĬҲΪС̸ˣͷ̫ˣҿǼǺúõģҲġǻã
ǵȻ֪׵ӣǽϵĸϹˡ


575 ħ2
ĬижȻǼԼ⣬˵Լദĸһ˶ǱȲϵġ
رС͵Ĭ뿪֮ǰѾʶģֵĸȻܼݡʶµС̵ĸҲĬǿС̳
ˣܹǼμҵĻĺܿġĬǵЦôβס㣬ƺڲ֪УǶѾʶôˡ
ӡУʱǶǼëӣǾһ۵ʱ䣬ǶѾɹΣĬҲж磬İҹе˶ڷı䣬Ƕڳɳ
ΨһľǱ˴֮ĸ˰ɡ
ߵĬߣ⽾ˣ˵ӣôܲأн춼ûܿãǺźСкƲƲ촽ĳĺĬ
С촽߹ڵĬм䣬㻹˼˵һҪȥʲôټζȻôûиϻֳ
˵һ㣬ҲŨŨ࣬ǲ顣
Ĭ͵֮Լܵĳ˿̵иӵĸ飬šüģõ鷳飬ԲС¡
ҲһĨ£Ƿʲôأ ֱ˵ɣҲи׼
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ʵĲĬ˵Щ˲飬ԭӦø߸˵ġڳЩ֮󣬵ΪҲûа취㶨ǰ⣬òĬ
С굱ȻҲнŵɲҪˣ
һС̫࣬ˣҰ˵Ҫ׼
Ĭ֣صصͷڸղſǽŵģѾĴ㡣
΢΢һѾʼ̾ϢһǲǺ֮ǰı仯йء
ǣʱĬҲѾµһЩ飬ӣ͸Ӳ飬ҹ۲ˣħˣ¶һƽ٣
Свǵ˵ʲô
ʵѾ˵˵⻰вԸҡͷôһᣡʲôħģ粻ǻúõ𣡡
˵Ƚܹ׽ԼԸܵϢجĵʱ򣬼ǱܵҪܡ
Сֳ
ĬкⲢڿЦȷ𣡡
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˲֪ħĬ֮ľΪѾȫѻָ˹ȥȻ᲻֪һħ֪ĬһһʱĬ
Ĭȫûһѵ򣬸ûɣĬħɣ
еһִδеѹһҪøǿȻͱĬӲ˵ȥˡ
壬һΪ˽ػߵݴڣȻѾûйȥĲʢǹﶼʹСԶı䲻˵ģ
ԶǣԼսɳʱ͡
Ĭħҽħɣħħ壬ʲô
ڵ˵һУĬвϤĶȻǱܵĸܵ˿־塣
ħħͷ죬ͳʮħ壬ȻħҪư磬ɽĺֿ֮£װܱħħԨûİ취ħԨķӡѹħ£ǽԶħԨС
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾԼף֮˵ôǸħӦñħԨôͻ˽磡
˵һ㣬Ķ࣬ʱԶӡʼɶֻҪʱ죬ħа취ϣ»ص˽磡ڿɿ϶Ѿ˽磬Բ
ţˡĬɫ࣬ڶħΪ˽Ҳֻеˣ˾ħֶû˵
֪Ҫô𣡡ĬҲǵģһʱ֮Ҳ֪ŶӦԡ
ֻеʱŻ̵ᵽ˵СЩ෶֪Լʲô
Ҳ֪
ھǵ֪ҪôĬûлָʵ˵Ҳûκ塣


576 ħ3
ĬѾµ˵еĿ׻̫СˣЩʱֻ޲ߡһźҲǸӼĬҪøǿԸ
СҲɻһܵһֿµѹ
ǲҪôŰǸħ˼䣬ҲֻһˣôˣѵȲһħ
һϣ֪Ӧ˵С˼˵¸ηˡ
⻰˵ʵûκ⣬˵ѵıȲһħĬǲŵġ
Ĭɺݺݵս˫ȭԣҾС⻰˵öԣֻҪЭûʲôģ
Ҷֳֹ۵һ棬ֻʶħʵĵȴǷĲ
ȻòĽǸղҲ˵ˣӡħԨķӡѾʼɶֻħ֮أиħͨɶķӡǻ˼䣡ȵǸʱ򣬲´ҵʱ򣡡
ĬһʱĻ棬ʶԼĶӣΪ˶ӣҲ֣
Ϊĸǿ
ĬΪ˶ӵӣϣܹһĻĬҪŬ
һҪ취¼ӹ̷ӡԲħ˽磬Ȼʱи꣡ĬǼᶨ
ǱĬ˿ֳ̱ļˣô˲䣬ҶǼ˾񣬾Բ׷ɣܷʲô飬ܻнİ취
ԣһа취ǰ
˵˲䣬İҹҲǴ˽ᣬ뿪Ц˵ĬôżҲһᣬƿĺͷ˵Ӧ·ɻ֮⿪Ů˵ĺͷ
ڻĬĬԼԼͷϵĺͷóĬһ㶼ûţ߻ΧźüС顣
ȻİҹĬκڿСǼܼʱϹμǵĻҲǻϲףĬһҲҪǼĬ˵ǷǳҪˣ
ܸˣμӻ񣡡İҹ΢ǣĳȻҲǼõġ
İҹȴΪղŵ˵飬ǳأɫϾʲôϲ䵽İҹУдŨŨľȡ
ǽôˣһǳüչġ
Ĭ⿴İҹҪİҹģѾһģӲҪʲôĵط
ҹոյħԨķӡɶħǰӹ˶ˡһ˽磬һĺƽ١
Ĭأ΢΢šüģüչģžİҹۡ
û뵽Ȼ
ħ콵䣬ĩ
֪ôģİҹԺоȻǿƲסسһЩԭԼļ䣬һһëȻĸо
һĻĻµĻ棬Ϳ̿ضʬ壬ƺһ綼Ҫһ㣬찵أκϣ󣬸һ޾ıˡ
ôĻ棡
ȻİҹȴǲţԼԺͻȻֳĻ棬ĳֹǸûа취ֹ֡
һָоǵһγ֣֪ʲôʱҲֹ
ħӡǧ꣬ʼɶҲǲ⣬Ҫ취ȥֹħ֮˼䣡
İҹûжЩһʣͺں֮ǰѾ֪
İҹ⻰۵ײһĨȣתɷɣİҹԼһѡĻҲǲ᲻ÿԼˣÿζΪ²ôࡣ
ĬһŮˣȻܶʱĬֵñȺܶ˶Ҫٱǧս˼飬ʵȥʲô鶼ԼΪǺõġ
Ļ̫ˡ
ʵİҹԼҲΪʲôԼô˲䣬Ժг˺ܶ಻ԼĻ䣬Щ仭Ҫá
Ĭ㲻õģܷʲô飬Զֿ
Ĭصصͷʾİҹ⻰Ŀ϶ǣԶֿ
СǼҲҪݺݵĬİҹˣڶѾȻô˼ࡣȴҲòһ£˵˵ĸĺܺá
ɫ࣬Ĭİҹ˽һ˫֣˼Ӹˡ
ܲԸҸһ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô


577 һᱣ㣨1
ףԼʱ˵һЩǷϵĻǺܺãǻǲòվöԷһˮ
һҪǣ鲻ôס˵ħʵǿɶķӡҲô׾¼ӹ̡ӹ̷ӡһҪ֮˵Ѫ
壡
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ⲻ˵
ʶս˫ȭ˵Ҿ壡
᲻֪Ĭ壬ΪĬ壬ĳѾעԼϳе޵ΣΪ²İԼȫ˵ˡ
ˣҡ
ĬȻǿСΪѵɫһȻѹӣۡҪԼȫˣĬʣΰ飡
İҹһȻҪѪҪѪͲ٣кܴĿĬܲ˵ȡ
ս˫ȭѵ˾Ͳˣ
һϣǵԼҲǺ²ħ֮˷ӡħԨȥԼѪ˾塣ĬǵѩתȻֻҪ׾ָ֮а취ǰ
ڵзǳȷǣĬϵѪһ·ӡħԨ˵ѪǲҲͬЧûа취ش
΢΢ҡͷҲ֪
ĬһȥҾ壬ҵѪȥӹ̷ӡ
İҹһݣܷĬԼȥÿ˭Ҳȷ⵽ҪõĬ϶Ѫһ˵ĬҲǺã
У㲻ȥһа취ǰ⣬룡
ǺǣҪ⣬Ǿȸǽ˰ɣӷ𣬴ŨŨɱͺ⡣
Ĭɻһ䣬Ŀ˳ƿķ򣬺ȻҶһվ档
˾Ҷģ֮ǰĬôҲ˽һ֣ܹԵĿȻҶģǻµƶԷ˱仯
˭
һ죬Ĭİҹ˴ĺӣǾô飬Ĭһ㻶ϲ鶼ûСһۣһ£ͺӲҪһ˸Ʒһ
ɫһ࣬⿴ſڵˡ
㵽˭ΪҪðҶ裡
һЦԼǺﵽĽϣŮ˾Ȼֻһ۵ʱ䣬ȷǱˣҲǺ
Ǻǣ㲻ȻܷҲǣƵĬĶ̶ĸоǱܵԷ
˭
ƳһĬǿĬܹϳҶķϣΪѵظ߶ԷԼ֡
ţ档
ţ棿
Ĭ˼һᣬڽҲûһˣɺݺݵšüġ
Сڿţʱ򣬼ǿƲסظоֲž޴ڵĶеĸ֪ܹӶԷϸܵһǿѹܳܵĿֲ
˵ǳζʶҪƴԶԷһ
㲻ˣ
С⻰һҲĬǶȵˣǰƽûʲôֱˣˣɾС˵⻰ʱĬиûʲôеŵġ
Ĭ΢΢´һǰԳţˣԼоܲϢĬԼҲ˵һôĸо֮ܲϲϢˡ
뵽ղŵ˵ĻĬһҲµʲôһս˫ȭħ壡أѾȷԷ
ֻţ治ЦˣؿĬ㵹ǲܲµݣǾȥɡ
ħ壡
ĬӦţڿγһɫĽ磬һǿ⳯ĬɹȥĬܵҪ㿪ⲻֿܹģ
ˣ
Ҳ뵲ĬǰĬƽ£вݺݵһİҹʱҲվ˳͵ͬʱĬһһң϶Բ˺Ĭ
ʲôﲻӦĵطȥĵطɫ࣬һСϴŨŨϾħţ棬ôܻ᲻֪
ֻΨһõû뵽ǣţ澹ȻҲħͨӡ˼䡣
Ǻǣҵ˭أԭôڳһߣģԽԽȥˣ
ţ泰һĿ⿴ŵĬǰĵǧǰħһսţսٻغϣζĻ䡣
⻰Ҫжжһ㶼ȥ̼


578 һᱣ㣨2
ȻԷץס˵ǵʱ򣬵һѾԺڳľ̿ɫˣݺݵ˫ȭԼҪ˵Ļϡ
һ°ܽˣţ棬㾹ȻҴħԨӳˣ
ˣҿɲôã쵽˭군أҵǾûʲôϣˡƺľܺЦĻ⣬ʵţĶ֣ǺǣΪ㻹ԭǿЦ
ţݺݵǺһҲÿȷ˵ĬûָܻԭʵǵҲǸովѡ
ǰǲòϣ˵ħħߵצţ棬ǶĶ֡
ͻȻһŨŨĴܸʵ˸е쳣
ĬɲڶܽţӴݺݵս˫ȭǿ󣬾ڵ˸۸ˣҲʲôˡ
Ĭɺݺݵս˫ȭ㲻Ҫ̫ţ˽磡
Ĭ˵ţ滹ûע⵽ĬڿĬȴǲɺݺݵЦҪʱͷЦ
Ǻǣ㲻˵Ҳ㡣ţؿĬͷųħǺǣڣ
һղžܿţǳĬѵԷӦĬĬʵݣԲŻһʼȲҪȥĬ
ס֣ʲô飬Ҳ׼˺
ĬǰԲ˺ĬĻᣡ
ţһÿ㲻ҵĶ֣Ҳ֡Ķ֣ţĿֻĬһˡ
ԼԽԽϲԼڵ壬ɵܶ飬壬һˡ
˵ʲôÿģҪĬ֣ʹҵ˹ȥ
Ĭû뵽ȻΣʱ̣Լôں
ĳԲħĶ֣
İҹȻҲѾˣֳܱĬĵģĬɷ׽ˣȻܲʾʲô
סĬĸ첲Ĭξұ㣡һᱣ㣡
˵껹ĬӦֻİҹǰһٶȼ죬ǻûзӦ֮ʣڵǰţţ־ᶨޱȡ
ҹ
ĬݺݵüģһθоԼȻôûãʹʲôҪ˵ǱˣԱһܿѵ顣
ȻҲûа취顣
İҹתͷͶĬһοЦݣΪһңҲʲô⡣
ɣҿ㵽жǿ󣡡
İҹвЩֱὣţ棬ڳ׵ʱ򶼴űɼİҹҲǵ£»ֻ飬Էһڻ
ĬһĿһ˲˲ؿİҹķİҹõ顣Ѿ˾ģİҹ£ƴҲһҪ֣
ţİҹ˴һûѡƽϣֻ»ƬӶըˡİҹţ뿪нվһ˶뵽ϻܡ
ȥ
ĬżǵĵɫȻĬĸ飬ǳŸղİҹ˵ĻоٶεҲİҹ˼ֺøУϣԼûѡ˰ɡ
ߣ
Ĭֱӷ˵ٶȼ죬ֱӻĬϣŸղİҹǵķɹȥ
ؿǰеıͶŵˡ
ֻİҵĺԺȻһͨɫƬĽ˳ٶȼ졣
찡Ҹղſʲôˣ
죬Ҳˣǽǽ
ԭڣһֱΪǴ˵ˣ벻֮Ŀˡ
İҺԺһ˳콵ضǼ֮ס
ֱӱΪһİҺҵ֮ϣھ½Ϊ˵Ļףأ͸ӿԿ׮µ֮
Ĭһȵǵİҹţ潻սĵط˵ĶսҲѾҪˡ
֪ʲôʱİҹһɫףһţ࣬Էûκοܻĺۼ
İҹӮֻµħ
ۣ
Ĭɺݺݵüģǰɫˣô˲䣬ɸоİҹͺȫһһȻֲʶԷĸо


579 һᱣ㣨3
ˣôˣŵĿĬ֪ĬɲһˣĶﻹһСʱǾ͸ӦöĬ
ĳĬɫǺܺÿβõеģİҹ˼ˡڵ˵Ĭĵ顣
Ĭһ΢΢ҡͷû£ҹӮǸħĬǿҵĲ˼顣
ǲİҹֻĬоóղǸԳΪţħʵѾһ˵ķ룬İҹȴɹ˶Էֲŵĸо
İҹĬһӾ˾
ܱôԼİҹԣֻҪĬúõģʲôõġ
ĬˣѾҽˣԺ󲻹ܷʲô飬Ҷ߱㣬Բһˣİҹ棬۾һգգĿĬǾô˲䣬Ĭȷʵһ֣İҹ͸Լڿʲô˵ĸо
Ĭкݺݵҡͷֲɿ뷨ﶪȥ
ĬĬοԼһһǽ̫ˣԲŻֵĻþǶܺáİҹİҹͺúõվԼǰʲôԵĵġ
ﰵʾɹ֮ĬϵҲǷ˲٣صصͷţ֪һԶһ𡣡
Ĭİҹ˵ȻҲʱôʶȤţȥţˣ
ħǿ󣬾ԲһܹģӲ˵׻˶Է꣬ţػħԨĻᶼûУʧϡ
۵ײһĨȺͳ˼ⲻɿİҹķϣһж
һ뷨ԽᶨİҹѾʼѣѾָ˴ȻҲ
İҹתͷϵеɻ΢΢һһС֮佻һ˴˽ᡣ
ȷеĲ룬İҹһˡ
вòϣĽҲǲĬԻⲻѹĬ֮ǰİҹԱ߱Ĭ
Ĭô᲻ףʵİҹ͵˶һЩ顣
ظԼûԻСƺܹĸܵﱦĺ񰲶˺
ΪƽǶȫԸĵ
İҹҲû뵽ĬĹ۲Ȼôһʱ䣬ѾµЩ
ĬǻԶһһΣһԶһ𣡡
İҹип֪Ҫл¸һλᣬܹ¿ʼĻᣬİҹлᾡԼŬǰŮˣ
ˣħɣԼĬ̶ȣԲܹĬһƬ飡
Ĭ΢΢ͷֻҪİҹ˵ĻԸȥš
ãǻԶһ𣬺ˣʱҲˣŴҶˣղŵΣǰѴһﶼŵˡ
İҹͷãǻȥɡ
»صİңȻĬУʻǾ϶ƽʱҪ˺ܶ࣬һʱ䣬Ѿоˡ
ɴһǷʵЩԲˡ
ĬϢ뿪
֪ĬѾȥϢˣİҹϵɵĿ⣬΢΢ͷǳȥ˵ɡ
̴ӷ뿪
ʱĬȴǲ˫ۣ⸺𣬿Ŵӷ뿪ˡ
ˣǡ
ĬҲˣʲôȥ룬Ȼѡ޸İҹҪѧȥζԷοİҹûʧ
İҹ͵뿪Ļ԰
㶼µˡİҹŵɫȻֻȻɵİҲ֮ǰĬʱеģ
΢΢ͷȻӣ
ҲֻӲ¶ıʡ
ӣþò֪İҹѾָ֮ǰļ䣬ʱûʲôɫƲסضİҹһŭͱԹ
˹ȻҲֻ
ʱ򵰵񣬵ħһսȻҲǲУҪ˵õԭΪȣĳΪԼޡͳħĽ»һƽ
ԼѪӡħԨ˽ͨȷħ岻˽İȫ
ȵħܣ»ָƽٷϴˣҲ뿪ʱϲ̫ЩӦõõģЩˡ
뿪ʱ򣬻˺ԼɡȻУԶˣ֮Ҳһֱйע֪ʱϧɽ練ĿЩеĵ


580 ǾϲǾţ1
İҹ˵Ѿָ˼ӣǰСкŭвһ˿̾Ϣ֮ǰҵ⣬ôֻ꣬һˣûбǧ꣬꣬ҵĻһ
Ӧ֮ǰΪѾ͸֧еĺøжȺֵİҹ˵⻰֮ ȻֻЦһ
ǺǣֻһˣǵŮô£綼֪ȢǸŮǱŮˣΪ˸飬ҪֻأɽΧߣ
ἰȥЩ飬оһֻʹӿ
ȻԣܵİʱҲվߺšʱڱչ״̬һ֪鶼˵˲֪
Ȼƾһֱ֮ӹϾʶֻӾȻ֮ǰĸ飬ɽŮףٲ
壬һвҪԼһ𣬿ӱȢˡһˣҲܲµʱжôľŻѡ񳹵׷Լ
ʵ֪ĬѡǸʱ綯֣ҲӦµʲôŮˣеһжѾˡ
űľģôΪȥᣬΪǲµ֪׼ΪУ϶˵׷ңԲŻѡչصʱ֡
ģֻиѹҪʱȴûܹߣ궼ܷµġֱ꣬ͷʼҲڵȴת֮Ե
ʵǵ˵ЩİҹжĶźֻһˣм̫Σһܹ顣
ʲô˵İҹ˵⣬İҹ϶ǶԷǺȻһĬֵˡ
İҹһŵ֤İҹӣⱲһþĬ
Ѿ˵̶ˣȻҲٶ˵ʲô
ã㣬ϣܼס˵ĻֻҪһ㲻õطҶŹ㣡һ߾еΪУ
ûܱôڣԼķĬĬػԼˣʱĬͲҪֱ
Ҳᣡ
İҹһ΢΢תͷλãӦվôˣĲ׼
İһӣȻİҹѾָ˹ȥ˲١
վþòҵӣ
İҹһǸߣԣͶ̥תҲһ𣬸Ǽֽ֤벻ĸ顣ʱİҹԼƲסмʣǵĸʵˡ
þò
İǲɺݺݵس˳飬ǺСӣߣǰǽΨһıľİĽֻǿϧһŮаˣֻİҹһˡ
ߺߣǺô磡
İǺ͹ȥһֻҪİҹͲҪʲôɫϲˡİҹֺγϲİһʼҪԼŮʲô֮ĵˡ
˵ҲǼ֤˻࿴˳۶Էĵͣһ棬ûʲôɫ
վһߵĵɺݺݵس˳ǣͶİһ񣬾ǿСӣò˵ġ
ʵİҲǿˣǧϣ鲻ǿϲܺúõģѡ˭һѾûôҪ
İҹʱ䣬е뷨ҲĬһѾĬˣȻҲҪںͺİƽôࡣ
лл㣡İǸõģ
ȻǱİҹ佱ˣİϷ¶һŨŨĲˬĸоİҹòİﶼֲϰߵĸо
ˣ㲻Ҫô˵ҪΪ˵ûͿˣ
İҹҲͺİƽЩأڲ˵Щʱ򣬻һôӦħɡ
ǰħ䣬˵ⳡս粢ûвܶ࣬Ϊӵİҹ̫ࡣ
ֻǵõȵ׼ֶԿħʱѾһŮӴɹֿħ壬ҳɹӡħ塣
˾
ɺݺݵüģȻҲһ׮Ĳߣ˵˽ĵطȴǺܶࡣ
꣬ԼѪдɷӡҲǺ׿ħĵʲô


581 ǾϲǾţ2
漸ӦħʱĬ𽥽磬һǧ꣬вŨŨ⣬ʵЩԼΪλ
ƺĴһʹĸоĿģҲһ
Ĭ·ϣݺݵüģżܱԼһһĪڲջĬǰȥ
ͣĬ֪Լ
ˡŮ˵Ƶ˵Ļƺںܾ֮ǰѾϵĬһ
Ĭɻǰȥ㵽ʲôˣңʲôͼ
ԷܹܵĬеĽţɵЦˣİɣҶûκβͼ
ȻĬͲŶԷ˵⻰⳰ûʲô˼Ǻβҿ㵽˭
Ҫҡ
ǣ
Ĭֿ϶Էˣʵȥűˡ
Ů϶ãȻҪңǾͼһɡŮ⻰˵ɣȫûκεĵ΢΢ݡ
ȷǸĬһּ𺳣Ĭһ˲˲ضŮ˵գĶǲ˼飬ʵںŶԷȻģ
㣡㣡㣡ôӡ
Ů΢΢Ҿ㣬ңƺһѾȷĬеľȣԵĻֻܴ֣ҪĬĬĬúõıǣȻħòվ
Ĭʲôֺʲôûס
ʲôңҾ㣡
ǡĬ뵽֮ǰħʱмһʱ䣬Լʧȥ˷ӦһǶʱƺʹԼӣŮˣ
ûоĬͬʱ򣬾ռĬ壬ʱĬκεĲϲĸо
Ժвɸֳһǰ
ԽᣬҲû뵽ĬȻôһʱ䣬Ѿµеԭ
ҾǰԽ
Ĭһۣ˼ϧܸܵŮ˵ĲףӦҵΪʲôԵ޹ʰԼҹ
Ѿħ˰ɡ
ǧǰѾԤϵõķӡһʧѾȥǧʱ䣬ôܻħԨ
ĬݺݵصͷǣħѾʼͨķӡ˼䣬ʱ˼Ʊػһĺƽ٣ĬǱ˵Ը񣬿ڹô룬ҲӴѹʲôԸ⿴Լߡ
һ֪ǵӦôȥӦħȻܷЩħ񡣡
һ㶼ûпĬƷԼһСŮˣȴҪ취²ΡȻĬֲԼĬӴңֻһˣ
ип뵽֮󣬵Ҳ飬ĿģȰҺԿħİ취
Ĭһ֣أǣ
Ըе鶼֪ĬĬҲѧ棬ò˶ʱ䣬ĬѾԼ龡С
лл㣡ҶˣĬصصͷҪ⻹Լʵ㡣
СŮ˺ݺݵšüģԽᶨһҪӿԼʵ
ȷĬİе鶼У˵ĬԼԼĬӦ÷ֿ
񵰵İҹİ˶ѾԼʵĬȴһչûУмȻҲĬ겢ȫԵʡ
ԼǷֿͶ̥תĬ
мʵҲ˺ܶȴûһĬʵʵ˵ĬΪӽꡣ
ȻڷɢʱΪ˷ֹмⷢмһ꣬굥ԭĻͲγΪ
ҲվĬǰʵѾĬܹǿ
ȻȴǲòϣĬѾԭĶǣһꡣĺĬЩ֮ҲѾԷ¹ȥ֡
࣬㣬ôˣ
ĬֻɬɬģһֶԷҪ뿪ĸоܹܵ˿¶ûа취ݵĸ顣
ˣҲʱˣһӺú˯һɣ
ĬͿƲסԼ⻰һ䣬ƺֻһգ۵ʱ䣬˯״̬


582 ǾϲǾţ3
Ĭѣ㻹𣡡İҹɺݺݵšüģĬӣһĶǺݺݵ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
Ĭһ˶ûģǵԼں˵ԼԸħİ취ǹûжõʱ䣬ĬֻԼ֮һ˯ˣ淢ʲô飬һ㶼벻ˡ
Ĭ˫ۣİҹŵ⣬ƺܵԼʲôһҹôˡ
ĬѹİҹǺݺݵһղŲ֪ôģĬ˯ģİҹȴǲһĪľ֣ ȻᵣĬһֱ˯ȥ֮ôѲˡ
û£̫ˣ㲻Ҫ̫ࡣİҹ΢΢ҡͷ̫飬Լе̫ˡ
Ĭ΢ܾʲôһˣһӶ˺ܶ಻ԼĻ䡣
һĻĻԺ֣Щǰ֮Ĺ£ħĻ䣬ʱͳͳԼĻ䡣
ģһжˣȻĬкĬǲܷʲô鶼ı顣
ĬľԼˣȥ׷ȥ׷ʲô飬ֻϣҸõĽ
Ĭ̧ͷİҹ⣬棬ҹһˣǳأ
ĬеڴȻİҹӲ֣ᷴصصͷԣǳˣԺ󶼻ԶԶһ˶֪İҹӣ
İҹôģĬЩ˼ˡ
ԼĶӣĬȻǺӣ
סİҹ֣ɫ࣬ҹһ飬ҾҷǳбҪھ͸㣡
ĬôģİҹҲЩˡ
ҪĵͷĬ˾һģ˵ɣʲô顣ɫоͺһƥҰһ㣬ڽš
㲻ҪŰĬĿİҹĻУЩ˵Ҫ˵СҹϾҪˡ
طǻİҹסˣҪˣһӣİҹһȴ벻Ĭ˵ʲô
ĬΪüֿܶܣŵȵİҹ֪ϢʱʲôĸоЩĬû뵽İҹȻı顣
бˣ
Ĭһ˵һΰ⻰˵ľǸˣİҹЩӦˡϸӦһ飬ˡ
İҹƲסĿϲǰ§סĬļ򣬡Ĭ˵кˣĺӣ
ʱİҹͺ˳һɵӣȫ֪ԼҪʲôźá
кˣ
ǰĽᾧ
Ĭ϶ĵͷȻҲİҹеļͽ ԣӣкˣھڶ棬Ҳڡ
ĬĬлл㣬лл㣡ǵĺӣ
İҹнŲѣ֪Ҫôеĸ飬ıסĬļ򣬿ֻᵣԼûأ˵˶ĺҪǺá
ĳİҹĺӣĬĺӡ
Ĭв΢΢һϲӾͺãһ᲻ϲĻһĲ֪Ҫôźˡ
Ĭ⻰˵棬֮ǰһİҹϲӣӦô졣
İҹ΢΢˹һɵϣô᲻ϲأֻҪĺӣҶϲ
Ĭ˺ӣϢܿʹ˳ȥȻİңӵ·ݻС»飬ϱк˵׶Ա˴˵Ǻܺá
Ȼİɺ͵˲ҪжˣǶõʱ䣬ԱˡΪ˱֤ĬĺӺĬĲƷߺöǲҪǮһĳĬİҹ˵Ժ͡
֮Ĭ۸ʲô飬İҹߣİҹߣССһҲԿ˵Ӱ룬־չ˺Ĭ
ĲôţĺܺãҲܺãһЩܼҿԼ㶨ģ
ĬǿҵĻɣһǰǸոճʲôСˣʲô鶼Ҫ㶨ˡ


583 ǰƽ1
ΪĬڻУȻкܶҪȥ˼ģȻûһܷɣһ˶ΧĬתָĬУһ۵ķա
ĬȻҶΪԼ忼ǣ׻Ǹо̫ڵ
ӹźƽȻĬİҹжƽᾭܾã˭Ҳ֪һʲôʱһƽ͸˷Ų¡
СƬ̣ȵٴʱ򣬾Ըо
ܶܰĬַӦĸоһĨɻ󣬴Ҷȥˡ
ҹ
ĬⶼѾϰˣȵԼһѹʱ򣬵һۼľİҹпİҹˣͻֻϰߵĸо
ƽʱĬİҹ϶һʱ˹ȻβûУĬЩɻİҹȥ
ĬҲ룬Լ·˳ȥƺʱǰ׾Թ϶գ۵ĸоĬӶѾˡΪ˵ĵǰ£ҲѾȶõ̫顣
߳䣬ĬʶķһʱӦþڻˡ
Ȼ
İҹкҶҼҶʱİҹ̬ȻԽΪҶҼҪĻҶĬףǳһ㣬İҹͲܻᵡҶ
ҶԶ֪Ϊ£ǰ͵ĻѾ˵꣬Ȼǻعʱˡ
Ҷһ侲İҹƺڳ֮󣬾İҹѾ˺ܶ࣬Ҷİҹܲչ˺ĬΪһ׵ĽǶȣȻǻᵣĬõ׺òõȵȵ顣
شһİҹģҶҲܷĲ١
˵ĬˣǲģҹĬҶͲҪԼ뷨ҪһԼŮⲢûʲôֵĵط
ҶĿ⣬İҹҲûʲôġ
϶ĵͷǣĬˣѾˡ˵İҹһʱ䣬һĬҲӦѹˣ΢΢ͷʱ䣬ĬӦҲǴ˯ˣҴȥ
飬ҶԣȻ֮ãҪŮҪ֪Ĭʱõ׺òá
ҶЩźûĬСʱûܹĬʲôúദļ֮ӾѾ׳ˡ
ҶҪֲȴǷһжԵ̫ˣĬԼѾɼңѾһ˵ɷ򣬶ƺֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ĬԼҪĸˡ
⣬Ŀҹȥ᲻ĬϢ
İҹ⻰ҶĵĻԼĳ֣᲻Ĭ鷳һ׶Ժӵİɡ
ĬижԼҲҪΪһĸ׵ԭ򣬴˿ĬȴܹҶĺͲףԭûжٹҶ˼Ѿʲôûˡ
İҹشĬԼȴ˽ᣬңѾҺܴңôܻأ
ĬĻ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ҳû뵽ʱӭĬɫԽӲĬ
ҶĿⲻɵþ䵽ĬС棬۲ŮӵɫóĬʱİһĺܺãһСѾԲȥɫãһֻɰĺƻһ㡣
Ĭ
Ĭ΢΢ͷأҾҺܺãġ
СŮᣬԼԱƽСһ͵ڲµʱ䣬ӻûȫԻҲʲôͷ£ҲѾȶ
Ĭ˵ЩʱϴŨŨᣬͺǿԵγˮһ飬˹ǿžͻ᲻ɱסˡ
ʱĬ˼ȴڲԾиӶ˼ĸԵĹԣ˼֮ϲӳ
İҹҲ룬ʶǰһ§ĬϸǷһͰĬ˵ģɫĲģ
ˣôϢһᣬأȥۣʲôֱӷԸȥǡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ۵ȴǻᣬô߼ʱ䣬˶һ£ǶԺҲаġ
İҹ΢΢ͷ˵ЩĬ
ղҶǰݷãһᡣҲǽһ£ΪʲôղŻ᲻Ĭߵԭһܹһ㣬ҲȷǺܲˡ
ҶĬİҹ֮ദԽ֮ĸ飬һиӷĲ١


584 ǰƽ2
ʵǵҶѾѺܶ鶼ſˣʲô鶼ȲԼŮҸӸˣȫҶҪȥǵġ
ҶҲһˣпĺףҶغҶȫÿˣ֪⼸ȥȷҶгϣ֪ĬŮ֮ϻľٺܶ࣬ҲӰǡ
Ȼܶ鲻Ҷôףͱ˵ǺҶغҶ֮ദģʽЩѾȥǣڶҶҪĻǿĬҸ
ԭӶѾµʱˡ
ҶĵؿĬѾˣĬʱûʲôĵط˵иθڲãҸ˲ٶõϡ
ҶҲ֪ԼӦΪĬЩʲôһ׾ĸףҪܼΪĬЩ飬ִһЩССҲᵣģԼĲã߸Ĭ⡣
һҶˡ
Ҷ͹ʲôĬлԼѾҪҶȥֲʲô˺ˡ
ĬвɸӲ˼ҶСģԽⲻȥ
ţллҺϲ
ףʱȴ裬һϵҲ˺ˡ
İҹϧôõʱ䣬İҹ᲻Ĭ顣ĬĲҶףȫԲǶԷĬһֱСŮˣ֮ǰѾҶˡ
ĬȥҶúġĳʱİҹʱͿռĬҶŮ˺úý
Ĭ΢΢ͷһĻҶУ͸ϲİҹˡ
ܿ컨ʣĬҶˡ
ҶؿǰɫСŮһʱ֮䣬Ȼ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôźá
Ĭڶӻźӣƽʱʱʲô鶼Ҫעһ㡣
Ҷ۵ۣмɲһ򵥵飬һŮҪΪ֮٣ЩҶͰٸн
ҶѻĬʱҶûߣҶѻĬȴǼ޸졣ҶԶûа취ԭԼ飬ǵŮ˶ˡ
Ĭеڣһ·ĳİҹĺܺãںŬչĬĸ緽棬ܿİҹӺŮ
Ĭл⣬Լӣţһģһչ˺Լչ˺úӡҶҲҪչ˺ԼƽʱʱҲҪ̫ܷ࣬ʲô飬һ𶼻ġ
ĬĿοҶһ޷ݵĸоŮ
һģһ뿴ĺӳˡ
ĬҶֺܻ˵ˣʱһֱ֮һЩΣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
ʵ⸸ŮҲȤ˫жԷǾǲ˵
Ҷ֪뵽ʲôɫԽϾһĬʵҲǺԼЩǲӦ˵ڡ
ʲô飬ֱ˵˰ɣ׵ġ
ĬóҶ飬ֹֻĬиӽš
ĬѾô˵ˣȻҶҲšټһԷҪΣĬ˵Ĭи
ĬҶԲ㣬һҪһ֮ǰмҶأȫһˣ˶ЩճմģƺҶʶˡҶȻ˵Ĳ⣬ݺݵüģƺҪô˵ĸһ㡣
ʵ˵ǣ񿴵ʲôµ飬ﻹ߶֣ҵĻҪ˺㡣
ǽҶ˵Щص㣬ĵĻĬˡ
İɣмˣԺһ붼עһЩĬɫʵһҶ˵Ѿע⵽ˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰİ˵ˣԸûƽԼͷ֮󻹰͵˸ĬɲҶء
ĬͻҪҶغҶԼûʲô˼Ҳʵǰɲ˲š
Щ飬ĬҶ𣬱Ͼô˵ҶضҶŮҶΪҶô꣬ЩȻеġ
ټĬԺҶأŮǸҶԼ֣ҲԲ顣Ҷں֮ǰѾİҹˣЩĬӲ˵ˡ
ȷĬѾԼ˵ˣҶ΢ЩЩʺ϶˵Ĭ


585 ǰƽ3
ȵİҹʱϻųոõļĬΪʲˡ
ĬǸ׼ļȿѼ˰ɣȻȻ˶岻áİҹǰĬŮһˡ
ĬһҲȻʱЩˮĺȵĶЩζˣĬףЩǼ˵Ĺġͷӹһȥлл
ĬİҹҲǷĲ٣֮ǰ˵Ůӻ֮θھͻܶ࣬ķθЩİҹУǻڣθûг֣ŸĬܲһЩӪͶಹһЩӪ
Ҷʱ䲻ˣȻҲ뿪ˡ
İҹ̾ϢһĬʵҶǹģҲǸˣ֮ǰ˵Ҷطˣھֻһˡ
ʲôҶطˣʲôʱ£ղҲûк˵飡
Ĭû뵽ȻղҶǰᵽҶأһԼСҶصĿôһʱ䣬ҶؾȻˡ
ĬȻǲ֪飬ҲǣҶ϶ЩĵĬ˵Ĭķ
Ҳǲǰ˵ģҶúܽײʲôҶ֮ǰصҶң״̬ͲǺǱ˷֣ҶؾȻˡҶӦҪҶظм͵͵ҶظųҪڽ˷Ҷأû˻ţȻģɡ
İҹԼ֪Ĭ
Ĭ΢΢ͷлһĨȻҲˣǵҶӳȥ֮ҲҪСҶء
뵽ĬҲзᣬʵҶĶܲˡ
ʵĺŮİҹҪվΪҶ˵ƻûȻĬʲôѡ񣬾ͲİҹȥȰ˵ġ
һǿĬԼҪô죬ЩĬԼ飬ֻȰ˵һΪĬκξ
ʵİҹ˵⻰ĬҲĺ΢΢sɫ档
ҹ˵ҪҪϻףʵЩ꣬Ҳûʲô顣ΨһԲֻĸףǾûжԲҵĵطҸûκȥ
Ĭͨ˺ܶ顣ҪȥҶԼףѪԵĹϵԶĨġ
İҹ΢΢ذĬŵ
˳ȥ¾ͺãôôԼߣҪ̫飬һжġ
İҹĹĬҲӼᶨ˾ġ
뵽ʲôȥʲôϲ¶һĨŵɫ
ô죬Ѿˣҡ
Ҳû뵽Ĭһ֮󣬾ͻôžȥˣ⵹ҲǺܳİҹԤϣʵĬк֮ǰѾ飬ٴμҶʱټԼ϶ĻشֱӾ¶˾ġ
ĬżİҹΪԼĬ֣Ĭ㲻ҪżȥҶһ
İҹ⻰ĬҲ΢΢һصصͷãҹȥһɣѹʲô飬ҡ
ҪͣҶף̫࣬͹ȥ
İҹص˵ĬĶͷĬʲôᾡοС¡
ֱİҹ뿪Ĭǿ΢΢ˡ
Ҷ۵ײһĨʧ䣬ôżߣĬúõģĬһʱ䣬ȻҲµɡ
Ҷİҹ׷˳ҺҶûԶ
İҹ߳ɫżҶһĶʲôˣҾ
İҹ΢ǸŮڿˡ
ҶĬ㣡
ĬĬôˣĬҶԽˣѾûҽԺܹĬ׷ʲôˣ
ЩĬԼɣͲ˵ˡ
İҹǺЦҶ֪Ӧòʲô£ȴƽһãǽȥ˵ɣĬҲС
ĬٴμҶ𣬿Ͻŵ飬ԽⲻȥԲԼĸס
ףҿôƺһ𣡡
ĬȻԼһףطǻҶ𳹵׽ӲˣɵĿĬַӦĸо
ҶĻǲԼĶ⣬ȻôĬȻԼأ


586 ϸҶأ1
Ҷɵ㶵ؿĬһĲ˼飬ԾǲĬղŵ˵ʲôƲסز˫磬㣬ղ˵ʲô
ĬҲûκβͷĵطΪҶ־ȵı飬øӺЦ˵һף𣡡Ĭһ֪ҵףԸϻŮ𣡡
ҶֱǸ˵Ҫˣɫ˷ܣг˷ܣƲסͷⱲҸˣңĿԸϻףңҡ
ֱҶѾ˵Ĳ֪˵ʲôźˣкᣬĶҸ֮ɫ
ǣŮƺһס
ŮҵŮֱ˿̣Ҷ𶼿ƲסԼƺ˸
Ĭף׼ڣҶҵŮһԶܸı飬ȥһЩ飬ڱ˴˶ߵʱԶҸһ
ҶȻǼǵĬڻǻеˣʺ̫ڼص˵ĬԴˣˣ㶼Ҫ׵ˣɲܿޣ۾ãӻ᲻ĵġ
İҹҲԱߵͷĬϻظףһĺ£Ӧø˵ףǣҪģҪҸǣ
ҶҼõȻܿ촫һϣҪǣĬȻƺҶǸףҶҲӦˣ˶ˣԭĬҶŮҲˡ
ôһµ˶ɶĬ˾塣
ԭȴҶ֪ĬŮװģĬİҹమĬĵλ޵İң͹ݸѾúܶΪ֮ж
Ҫ֪ĬĶһļ̳Ȩ
óҶĬĸһ㶼١͹ǿҸĬޣĬ̬ȾͿԿַʽ棬Ĭһɽ
ǹȥûжãĬǶһףֱ˶ɺݺݵؾˡ
ȻлкܶɻĵطЩ¹صҡҶңټİҵȻµҲ˵ʲô
İ֮ǰҲ֣ҶôϲĬҲӦĬ޵ʱ򣬹ױôණǱҵļױ١
ڿĬҶףҲˣԭĬҶŮ
֮ǰҶǸĬױͼױ
Ҷ벻м仹ô¡İΪİҼݵλ϶ԺҶᲢۡһ˵Ҳû̫Ĺ˼ɡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷôԲĬӦͰĬϻҶҵġ
ҶеȻ֮ǰҪĬڵ뷨ֻиԼû˵⻰ҰĬ;ĬǣҪĬԼҲ˵
ֵĵĬ׾ͺá
ʵ飬Լ֮ǰĬ˵Щ顣û̫ҪǹĬҶҳޣϾȻǴ󻧣ǺҶһԵĲࡣ
ʱĬܾˣҶĬв̣ԲŻҪϻס
ҲΪĬˣĬϻףҲãԺֶһ˹㡣İҶԣǸĬʲôֻҪĬúõģҪˡ
ǱŮҪǶܶ顣
İȻҶϻŮƱҪĬ»Ҷҹ񣬲šüģҶ֣ȻҲһ飬֪
ҲǶŮ׼ңʲôǲ˵ģֱ˵ǡ
ҶϻŮѾĸоƺûʲôҶŲµˡ
ҶǲģҲҲĲ٣˵ʵҾ˵ҶȻͬĬ׼Ĭ⺢ӴҶ𡣡
ʵ⣬ҶĲǺʣʱҲòʡ
˵ʵĬвû⣬Ǿİѣ⡣
ҶɺݺݵšüģԼ뷨ҶȻϣĬܹԼҶңҶҲǵһ飬֮ǰдӦҶѣĬϻҶҡ
óҶҪԼڣĬҲַŲµˣȻⶼԼ˵ҪϣȻҲ̫ŤŤĵط
ȻˣףӦȥݼһµİɡ
Ҷô벻⾹ȻĬ˵ڡ⼤㣬Ը⣡


587 ϸҶأ2
ҶСģĬҲǲۣףͲСԼ΢ţȻҺ档
İеĵľ飬ȻĬ˭Ů˭ҵŮİֲҪŶϱΪĵĻĬ
ĬҲҪ㸸׻Ҷңûйϵ𣡡
İ⻰Ҳ˵˵µĵģǲĬ⣬оԲ뿴ĬΪ۳ͶٶԼ塣
⻰һҶҲɿʼģŵؿĬѽİֿǵܵЩ鶼żģĬҪҪۻ塣Ҷʲôʱ򶼿ԣǲüһʱҪĻǱ̥
һôŵģĬЩ˼ˡ
ůůģȻǹԼĬȻҲǼΪůġ
ǷģںӶѾˣڶȣʱ򷴶ʺ΢˶һ£ԺҲá˵ʱûʲôˡ
Ĭ⻰Ҳ΢΢һҲȫԷġ
½ŵĿĬû£᲻̫ۣȥҶҾҲ
˵ţĬȻףһǵԼҪͨλᣬȥߣܲһֱ
İɣġ
ĬѾ˾ģȻҲٶ˵ʲôϾҲеĴ£Ҳʲô鶼Ĭǰ档
̾ϢһĬչ˺ԼȻĻĬ⺢Ӷˣȥɡ
İҹĸ׵ĵģȻҲĲĬ
ĬȥҶ㲻·϶һ˰ɡ
Ȼ⣬ǲĬҲһѹһߣ»򸾷ֿĵܷʲô飬ҶУԶǰĬڵһλȫԿ
ҵһǾϸ˷棬ίĬĬеҪôöˡ
ʱĬҲףԼʱҶңȷЩССԣ׻ôҶ鷳Ҳвòеɡ
СĬߣϸ壬ˣҪҪϢһ£վˣȥŪԵ
ȻڳԻУҲǳԻ
СҲڴĬڶһСҲ֪ӻǸʲôӣģһܿɰ
СһﶼѾˣȵӳһҪС˳磬еĺöͳͳǰ͸ǸкӣҪĹŮӣҪС͸Сһ
һеһУǶǹ滮ˡ
ʱ򷴶Ĭȥģȥ뺢ӳ֮⣬һ˳Ȼͺãû̫׷Ҫ
С̸ĬĬĬػԼˣǵһ࣬ˣˣСкϴԵĽź͵ģʵǺ޳Ĭʱš
СΪɺݺݵüģô˵ʲôˣˣʲôˣܸоǺʲôǡ
Ĭĵ˵СԴˣҲҪ룬ûʲô飬˵ȥҶҵ顣İɣʲô⣬ڶıȶҲǻǱҡ
Сܾ鲢ûô򵥣ԼԲԸ˵
СܹܵĳԴĬ֮йҪǵ͸ӶˣȻ֮ǰ뵽ʲôȥʲô
ֻԼķʽĬߣһѾô飬СҲԼķʽĬˣģǶߣκ˺㣬ȻС
СΪָоƺʲôҪˡ
ǰһǻûлεʱһĬĸ첲ѡסĬĸ첲𣬡ˣװװҲúñ㣡
СԴӻ֮󣬻Ǻܶ࣬һ㶼ӰСĬҪԡ
ãҶ֪һǺģᱣҵĶԲԣ
Ĭᣬ˵ԼжҲûжٿ϶ܹ϶ԼǲĿһʧĬиһ仰Ҫõ׵ƽͱҪѧḶһĴۺ͵ηա


588 ϸҶأ3
ǵĬȥҶҵʱ򣬾İ¶Ĭһ̣İҹҶ˸ӰĬߡ
ˣ⳵װĺܰСһϻƤ棬Ķ˺üӣĬûʲô⡣
ĬжѾܲµģ֮ǰϴκİǻԼ·ϣ⳵Ҳݻ
Ĭţһе鶼ǵֲٰ죬йֻһͷǲίĬһжõĹ򣬾Ĭò
ĸˣϢһ£ЦЦʲô͸ʲôɡ
ȷСְԸ񣬾ڣڳĬȷΪСꡣĬƺƣģС굱ȻܴĬϢ
ͣС΢΢һ㶣ûжʱɣ˵ҲӦʱͣɡ
̽Դô£Ӵ˿¶Ů˵գС껹ʶģǻջԼצӣȻɲ
һҲС̬ȣСĬ̶ȡ
һĶһĬСǵȻҲóĬ˯
ƺʲô鶼ûзһһжôĬ˯ˣʲôʱһ˶ûв
ȵĬѹʱ򣬿Ա߶ŮˣвһĨȣ꣬ôҲˡ
˵ǾȣƺĬ֮ǰвµͺİһֱû뿪
֮һγԶţΪ˺ӺİȫҫŵֵҲʲô鶼
ɫ࣬ڻУôôע壬Һǲ㣬κҫֵҲڰбȫ
ˡĬ΢΢ͷ˵ʵǺҫŲ֣ĬҲúİ˺һڸһЩ鷳ȻʲôӦǡ
ɫԽ࣬ĬԼҲ֪ܻʲô鷳ȴѡšЩҲö˵ȻĬԼѡҲö˵ʲô
֪ҫŵֵں֧ԼĬҲǷĲ١
ȻĬв²֪Լİ֮ߵķҲ϶˲٣ˣȻʱ֡
ҹ˾
һĸ·һҲԸоˣûҵջҲֻ¶ӪһϣҲò죬ҶҪˡ
İҹϧؿĬһ·ϣûоʲôĵط·ϣ¿϶ȲڼС
ôģںܺãĲ̫šĬ΢΢ʧЦжԲİҹʵңҪ˵ҪҶңҲôࡣ
ʲôģҪ̫ࡣİҹᣬڿΧʱĿûжٸ顣
ԽִҶо۵ʱ򣬾Խпܻᷢʲô벻飬ͼ˾ͻʱ֡İҹ˯ˣҹ¶أİҹ§ĬļһĻ
͹ЩԿİҹĬ̶ȣĬѾ˯״̬İҹȴǺѰ˯ҪܱߵĻ˻ͻȻʱҪĬ
Ȼϣûܹȥõʱ䣬ֱܿӴӺĲݴ˳ȻԷѾѾ˺ܳʱ䣬ܹȵڲѾܲˡ
ĬڣŮ˼˲˶ˣȻҲ˶ԷҪĬ
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣܾŮ˶Ѿѡôʱ֣ͲӦûôĿŵܳⲻǷҪ˶Ѳɡ
˵ôš
ȫҶκοĬĻᣬһǰû˿ʲôȵʱѾҪɱĬ˸շˡ
ƺ̫СǸû֮ˡ
쵰ſңĬбǷңҪ㵥
ƺЩŹˣôһŮˣʵЩСˡ
Ĭ΢΢벻ˣΪʲôҶؾôԼϣҪɱң
ԣҪɱ㣬Ҫ㣬Ҳ£Ҷ᲻֪ҶǱѩˣԸ˶ѩǿװɵܳɹӶѩ˳
ҶһںݺݵŭҪйǱķ֣ԼȻûеطߣҶذеŭǹĬϡ


589 ɶѩ1
˵ʵĬҲԼ޹ûǹҶأһʼмĹȫҶһڡĬԼЩˡ
񿴵ҶرסĬ׼Ҷء
ٿҶصʱĬȴǲҶ֮ǰ˵ĻҶصȷǺ
ĬĬһİҹܸܵĬеų⣬ⰮĬǰԼʵĬʾܷʲô飬ڵһʱ䱣Ĭ
Ĭһůİҹ˵ͷ֮תͷҶء
ҶأҲףƺûǹ㣬ΪҪҷŲأ
Ҷ⻰ߺޣĬĳ֣ڻǵҶҴС㣬ôҪʱôᡣ
û㣬ʲô鶼ûУ˭ҶŮ˵֮󰡻ΪҶҵ顣
ҶŭһҶңȴŪôǷǣѵУֻܿҶҵ档
ҶأТŮ
ҶشҲû뵽ʱԼĸףڿҶ֮Ҷزɸӽˣɫŭһ֪ڸĵģ
ǺǣԣҾǲТˣףҵĺøףУҲֻĬһŮ˰ɣ֪֪ڸ綼ѾˣŮˣҲ
Ҷ˵Ϊ飬Ҷ軹ţҲô顣ҶˣͳͳûˣҶغѰοԼȥ£
Ų£
˵Ҷ裬ĬҲӡ
ݺݵüģĬɫҶأܾЩһֱһҶӦû֪һЩŶԡ
ҶˣȷҶҵ
ĬôһʣҶϵɫȻҲÿףҲȫĬϣǳʹĬ֮⣬ҶҲѾ벻ӦʲôķʽԼйȥ
㣡㣬ôᱻѩŮ˸Իˣ
ѩ
Ĭ˼һ֮ǰڳ׵ʱ򣬶ѩͻԼֹҪԼ޸İҹҲҺкİڣǱһΣڻع;ǵȷ˭Ҳûٴμѩ
ҶἰѩĬҲ뵽龹ȻͶѩѲĹϵ
Ҷ˵ʲôһʵѩѩʲôҶأѻ˵ˣ
Ĭѵ¶ôŵɫҶн͸ӲԸʱĬҪĬżҲ취ģ
ߺߣΪʲôҪ㣡ҶһֱתͷȥĬǲһĨõЦݣĬ㲻Ҫ⣬ûа취ѩŹ㣡ΪԭĶѩ𣡡
뵽֮ǰҶڻ˯
һĻʵʲôˣ
ȻҶҲҶ边ȻԼͶѩ˽飬鶼ˡڿѩϳֵֿµҶҲǲɱŵˣ񿴵ħ
ֱڣҶлûа취֮ǰĿֲĳ
ѩһħ
֮ǰܶҶһûУͺǱеľһô˲䣬ҶؾٶںҶ裬ҲѾȫɵˡһضڽһҷ
ҶҲҶվҶкǸվѾԲĸ磬һİˡ
һµħħռҶӣ
Ҷвʣʱȴʲô
Ҷؾ̫ڼһֱ˹ȥҲǰ˸һ
ĬдѾµʲôȻǶѩ
Ҷǿʲôµ飬ԲŻ¶ôֵı飬һĬҲһζǰһҪȥҶص
İҹĬİȫȻϣĬʱ߹ȥ
Ĭ
ĬǵԼЩҪȥŪ˵ĬҪȥ֤ԼеĲ²ǲǶԵġ
΢΢ҡͷûϵȥͺá
ҶɫģѾûһŮҶѾûκϣȻҶиӵĬʲô顣
Ŀһ˲˲ضĬֻҪĬһΣգҶǵһȥˣֽҶأҶҲ˿ԥʱ
ֻĬһַֻҶصĶͷ棬΢΢˫ۣҲĬ⵽ʲô


590 ɶѩ2
İҹһһ˲˲ضĬĶݺݵüġ
ĬڻȡԷļ䣬еķʽЩҶصԺĨȥ
ԴĹȫ£ݹ磬ֻһ˻취ҲԱʩչ˺Դ֮Ҳûѧɣ
ȻĬʩչľ
İҹ۵׻һĨӵɫǲǿΪʵĬҲѾ𽥻ָ˼䣬ڵѾ˹ȥЩ飬ֻĬʲôû˵
Ļİҹһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪ԼӦôȥĬ
ĬϸĵضȡҶصļ䣬ȻǿǸ棬Խ϶֮ǰеĲ²⡣벻ħȻڶѩϾѣһַʽħʱĬҲһ˵ĸо
Ҫ˵ǶԶѩûʲôøУĬȻǲϣ֡
̾ϢһĬʼҶԺйħЩĨȥ֮ŶһЩ˸дһжͷʼɣҶ˵еһзһô
ҶصϣĬѾ˲ٴվʱһ˶Щˡ
Һİҹվں漰ʱסĬǲĬ
İҹҪ˵ʲôڶĬֵ⣬ƺԼѾߵĻҲûʲô˵ˡ
ǶֻҪĬҸͺãʵҲûʲô˵ġ
İҹĵذԼһЩȸĬֲĬһĵۣʵĲô࣬ԼЩطֵ
ȻİҹиǰڵĬǵԶıƷʡ
ҶȻҲע⵽ĬģǰһĬ㻹𣡡
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ˵ģû£Ҷֻιȥˣȵѹʱһжˣףô˵ҵá
ͬĸãȻ֮ǰҶĬʱвҪĬº֣ǻĬԼܺҶؼƽЩ顣
ֻϣһжܿ
ҶлʣڶĬƣ飬һʱ֮鶼˵ˣĿĬۡ
ˣ㿴źۣȥϢһ°ɡ
ƺʱһ䡣
İҹĬ»صԻкܶҪĬġڶĬƣı飬һʲô᲻˵ˡ
ˣӦòʲôˣ˯ɡ
Ĭİҹֹı飬΢΢˹ı˫ۡ
ǲİҹ˵ףֻǶǹȥ飬Ĭץסȥ鲻š˭ҪһǰɲǶŹȥ鲻ţٶĬԣڵԼĺҸѾ㹻ˡ
Ĭ̬Ҳʲô˶еĻ
һЩĹˣĬֻԼۣղڶҶʩչʱ˺ܶ࣬һֻ밲ĵ˯һ
ʲô飬ȵ֮˵ɡ
Ĭ˯úİҹСŮ˰Ȼ˯գȴô˯ˡ
İҹԼᳳĬϢԼĵߵȥһǡ
ڼʶĬһ棬ԻһҲ˯ߡ
Ҳû˯
İƺ֮ǰѾԤϵİҹôܻᰲ˯أر֪Ĭ֮
İҹ΢΢ͷȴǲЦˣ㲻Ҳһû˯š
鶼һİɡ
˽һ˴ȻǹȻǲµĬѾ𽥾˹ȥĻ䣬ȻҲʱ򣬼ûκԥĶҶس֡
һ·˵ˣȴΪһһǳˡ
Ĭֵ׼˶飬ǲѾ𵱳ӶıѣЩֵ飬İҹһӲҶ롣
ڵģĬΪǰ飬ԽԼкܶᣬЩ鶼ڣİҹֻĬһˣԶԲĬ顣
ֻҲᵣģĬԼЩ顣
İҲİҹ˿еĵģİҹļ򣬡Ҫรˡ
⻰һȻİҹɫѿˣģİвЦ 
İҹв̹Ҳƽ˺İв١


591 ɶѩ3
ȻİиףǵڵĬ󶼲İҹ
ԾǸղĬģԲǸովڵôѾһЩ飬Ĭûİҹǰֳ͸ӿ˵ĬвЩ
İ͵Ϊ˻ԼССԹ˵İҹŵҲǲ
һİǺˣȻѡ˵İҹҲɵֻΪ̫ĬŻֳֻûʧȵĬ׹ܿͲΪЩˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô飬ھӦ÷ϵĻħ顣
İҹҾӦתһղҶصĻҲˣǸŮ˺пԣӦþħתİɫأԲص㡣
İҹ΢΢ͷǣѩ
Ų뵽ȻǶѩһ֪࣬İҹȴǲɺݺݵصͷҲҺú֮ǰͺͶѩ˻ԼȻ͸鷳ˡ
Ů˺пɣӦô죡
İݺݵšüģЩпܻΣֹĬΣˣ˵ʲôŹԷ
ǻҪӳ顣
İɫ࣬ȻҲͷۣһ㣬ǾԲħĬ˺
е鶼𽥽һָģ
̫ĬһϵϢԼ޸ԸоԼľ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰľӸһ
ĬвһĨŨŨľȣԭΪʲô鶼ûУڵˡ
Ȼͻˣǰĵ˯һ֮֮󣬷Լ֪ͻˣ
ͻƵ̫ͻȻĬֲһжĽࡣ
ô
ĬİҹǲĬʲô鷳飬Ҳͳ񣬡Ĭôˣòĵطֱ˵Ҿ
İҹŵ飬Ĭһ죬۵׻һĨϲ
ҹͻˣ
ͻˣȻİҹһʱ֮䶼ûĬ⻰˼һ˲˲ؿĬ㾹Ȼͻˣһµʱ䣬İҹĬ⻰˼ˡ
ĬصصͷòϣҲǾȡ
Դӷֶ˺֮Ĭʲô鶼쳣Сģ͵ΪԼĴģ֮˵˶ĺӡ
ԲҪ˵ͻƣĬԼʵ˲ٵĸоڵɫҲԼʹˣʱĬܲĴڡ
ĬԼȻͻ֮ҲԷĲ١
˵жӣǿԼĬ֪ħ֮иӶ˼ֽȸУòԼøǿȻҪôȥħ
İҹֻҪĬúõģ鶼ûôˡ
ǰһص˵ĬĶͷϸȷһⰮĬҲϣôƴ̫ˣһۡ
ĬһůȻİҹģİҹչ˺ԼͬģĬҲ᲻İҹΪԼ̫
ԼҶʩչķİҹҲѾ˲²⣬ڵġ
Ĭİҹеĵ飬΢ûпǹˣ϶һ֮󣬾Ͳʲôıĵطˡ
һĬҲϣΪ飬ĸһЩûбҪᡣ
סİҹĸ첲ɫ϶ҹⱲֻĬ
İҹ΢΢һ㶣ܿĬ˵⻰˼СŮҪԼⱲⱲӣϱӾϱӵ飬ԲΪһ̸
ĬԽƽ⣬İҹо͸ӷŲĬˡ
ĬңΨһ
ǰ飬İҹѾȥͣȥȥɣⱲԼŬȥǰСŮˡ
Ĭ΢ã䡣м飬ҾҷǳбҪ˵һ¡
ĬôģİҹҲɸ࣬ôˣ
ôʲôǺ£Ĭ۵״Цİҹôģи˼ָжģ˺ܴ󡣡
Ĭ˵İҹҲҪ˵ģڲһˣɲô˼һ㣬ԺҲߣɲôԣĬ͵ΪңҲҪúñòã


592 ͻƣ1
İҹŵ飬żҲе㲻˼ˣȻǲ˼Լ壬ֻЩ飬ԼĿ
Ĭɫ棬ҹҪ˵ľ飬ҸղŲǸͻ𣡾Ǻйأ
ʵԲľŶòŻӵӦ֣Ĭ֮ǰҲеĵԼ˶࣬˵Լĺӡʵ֮ǰԼ˹һ˵Ǻܺá
³ͻȻĬҲûй˼ɣôԼ߱Բпɳ֮ĬʹپԼͻƣһĬѾӦֻԼ洦
ĬĽͣİҹҲѾ˲٣ȫ£Ĭۣİҹ˵ʲôȥġ
ü΢΢Ѿȷ𣡡
Ĭ϶ĵͷȻҲںӣȻñİȫЦ
İҹ֪и˵ǣΪ֪Ժûʲô˺İҹǸӷĲ¡
İҹģ֪ǵģĬһһת֪ôİҹˡ
Ĭǰһסİҹĸ첲ʵҲΪǵĺӺãʱԸоһůʣ֮ĺҲܸ˶
ȻĬ⻰˵ĲǺףİҹɵӣȻ˶ĵһ̥ܸܵתҲĬӣԺӳӲˡ
İҹвһĨŨŨľϲסĬļ򣬡ģ
ĬȻ˵ѣݺݵصͷȻǵĺӺܴϲ
Ĭ⻰İҹһʱҲ֪˵ʲôźãɫİҹԣΪҪĻĬİȫ
ãҲֹʹĬӦң´ʹʱһҪߡܷʲô飬סԶҪģ
ܵõİҹ⻰ĬҲǸж֪һжΪİҹԼİҹвĻȫôš
Ĭ鼫ã׵ġ
ʱĬԻһ顣
΢΢Ŀ䵽İҹϣɫ࣬ҹѾ֪˭ħˣǶѩ
⻰Ĭ˵İҹͺİ˶Ѿµˣ΢΢ͷţĬ㲻Ҫģܷʲô飬ң
Ĭ΢΢ͷʵȻİҹô˵Ĭʲôǲܵ顣
ĿİҹĬ֮ǰкħ˽һЩħ顣
ħǸոϣûȫѣһҪ취ħװ֮ǰħ
ȵħ׻ָ˱ʵʱ϶ܹƷӡʱһħȫ˽ʱ
İҹ⻰ҲԼĿĬȻ˵⻰ȻԼĵ
ãˣҼǵ飬ʱһȥѰҶѩټǾħȫ֮ǰװ
İҹѾ˶Բߣܷʲô飬ܵģκҪ֯ҸˣͳͳҪ
ЩĬİҹȻͲĬҪȥĵģĬҪȥЩ飬Ҳû˵İҹҲĬȥЩ鷳ȥ
ǹ죬һҲǳɹҶҡ
˵һʱҶ֮⣬һ·쳣ƽʲôⶼûУĬֲ˼ĸоԽôƽĬԽǽš
ڵƽֻ˵һ飬ħĳĽٻתԼʵȵȫָһ죬⽫´ҵʱ
㣬ӶҸȥ˼ӣҳԹζܲأҪҪζҶãһĿĬ˳־ǰԼϵҰݵĬǰ
İҹҲţҶؾͺȫһһе飬ڵ̾Ͳһĺӣɰ
Ǽ֮ǰҶصƷİҹǺҶصΪˣҶصϰҰ˹ȥ
ҶزɺݺݵعӣݺݵصİҹƺʲôŭԹһСŮһߡ
ҸĬĹӣǸģ


593 ͻƣ2
ĬкЦҶôִŵĻشǲһĨÿЦݣˣ֪ǸĹӡ
˵ĬİҹϣѸղҶժĹ˹ᣬͺջСһ
ҶصԴˣǽллˣҺϲҰӣ
ĬϲҶزиӺܸˣֱǱȵõ˾޴ı黹ҪֵÿġҶУĬԼΪˣĬϲһ˶Ц˻
Ҷƺǵõ˾޴ĹһصصͷϲͺãԺ󻹸żȥժҰӳԣСҲϲԵģԲԣ
Ĭ˵ǣصصͷԣҲϲԵģҲҪ̫ˣǶˣúϢһ²ǡ
ҶغصͷһȻĵˡ
Ҷĸˣ̫ˣ㣬ǵأ㣬кܶóԵĶ˵ҶֱӴ˳ȥҶұȥ
İҹݺݵس˳ǣҶرģʵǺžȻһ졣
ĬҶرģû𣡡˵ʵİҹĬܾúܲӦķôģ
ĬҶػģмȻĬãϴȥҶصĴ󲿷ֻ䣬֮ҶرһõξֻҶؾȻ°ԼһǵСŮҲĬû뵽ˡ
Ĭ˺ӵԭǺһҶأвҲ˼ϧ֮顣
ģ˵Ҳһ£˹ȥе飬һж¿ʼչ
ҶںĬ⻰ҲǸжжĬȻƽϹȥҶض顣
ʵֽ˵ǲҲûκεķˡžһСһҶأҶҲڲԾлСʱҶأʵСʱҶһµĺúӡ
ֻǺԽǳڴ˵Ľ̵֮£ͻɺܶ಻һ֮ԱƣҶؾǻصģǱһܲ顣
ҶижĬлл㣬ͺܺá
ֱʱҶ׹ʵҶغҶ˻ᷢչģĽȱʧкܴĹϵĬСҳ󣬱úܺá
ҶһĻᣬҪֲ֮ǰҶشСȱʧĽ
Ҷرģþ͸ҶᣬȻǸ˲ѡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷԭҲֻһˡ
İҹĬ߰ɡ
ҶֱӳҶңĵ˴űѩݣѩѾ𽥷¶Ȩ׷󣬿ŲµĻԼŮ
ѩҲɻкڣԼͲӦðҶؽǸģԼŮ벻֮ҪĬҶңҲС£ѩݿЩ֮ĵĻҶػĬ֡
Щӣѩǿˣ˵ҶĬ̶ȣԲ˺۾ӣ֪֮ԣĬʵҲҶضĬûκʤ㡣
ĬɹİңҶ˵ҲҪЩ鶼ǲòǵ
ѩ˼ЩʱӭһЦݵҶء
ףҺͽ㡢һˣ
㡢
ѩҲһסˣһӶûܹӦҶ˵ĵ˭
أ˵ʲô
ҶҲԼĸ׵̬ȣһЦݣţǺͽһġѾСˣ
ѩȻҲҶزĵطҶصģͺǸСӣʲôСӡ
ѩݲҶ˵ʲôﻹ᲻ɸоҶرģҲûʲôõģ΢΢ͷã֪ˣǽ͵˶ԲԡˣǵҲ˰ɣúȥϢһ°ɡ
ѩ⻰Ҷһ϶ţȻȥ˯ˡ
ҶԶıѩɫĪĪ˼ĸоʲôʱҶؾȻģ
Ȼãʹǰ˼ϢҶĬ˻׼ã׼ĬϻҶҵĽࡣ
ĸҪô죬ѵǸֽҶңСһУߵѾͷСߣСҶеһжӦѩĸŮġ
ǰѩȻҲͬС뷨Ȼڲˡ


594 ڣ1
ѩ΢΢ҡͷС뷨ǴģҶңҶеһжɼҪҶҸ˭Ǹ˭߾֮ʵҲףĬǸӱظʵ
СвŨŨľȣû뵽ʱѩݷվҶĽǶ˵
СĵŮСһֱᶨеһжӦҶΪڱģʵѽܡˣôܷŮ˵ĺԭСĶ
ѩݲɺݺݵüģϵɫǺܺÿ
ҪΪҶȡʲôҲҪҶǲȥЩȻѩҲףڵҪ˵ҶҵȨƣܺúõıסԼҶĸݾѾˡ
סڣЩ˵˵ģ
ѩݣСӳ޵ʱ͸ԼСѾͷȻһѩݶҪСǲͼ
ˣԺҪĺ˵˵ţһжӼţҪڵʲôС񲻾֮ĬͻڣҶҵС㣬ôĬûҶҳѾǶԲӵطˣ
̫Ĵ£ѩʱԼƽ˼һľԼԲ̫ˡ
Ҫȥֲȥ飬һҲΪҶؽһĽ֡
СҲû뵽Ȼʱѩݸݺݵһ΢΢Դ̾ϢһãҴˣԺ󶼲˵ˡ
ѩжСûжٻɵĵطΪҲС飬˵˳
˵֮ѩȻҲСҡҡ֣ˣԺ鲻Ҫ˵ǡȥɡ
Сһѩݣ۵׵ľ֮ԱǵĻᱻѩݸԴóѩѾʼıˡ
Сѩ˵ĶԻȻվҶС
СһţӭͶһҶһæס
վ˶ˣǲԼͷ˵Ļˡ᲻ΪԼߥŷȥҶҵȨƶ׼Լ
һգ۵ʱ䣬СѾת˲ٵĺͽš
ȻҶûаСУֻ΢΢˵ͷȥԼ߽ѩݵķ䡣
ҲǺ˵ȥɣﲻź򡣡
ѩͷҲص˵ȻҪ˴š
ҶаصͷеҲķĲ٣ĳʱѩҲѾı˺ܶ࣬ĻҶҲǸˡ
ҡ
˵ӺϤѩݻһΪԴϴε˵֮ҶԶԼˣҶôվԼǰʵ̫ˡ
ѩе㲻תͷǲԼˣ߳˻þ
ҶҶ㣡
ҶЦˣȻҡ
ҶߵѩݵǰŮ˾ȵɫҲ˼ᡣ
ѩݡ
ѩݻһĺţԼ֮꣬ȻҶƺһԼ֣Ĳ˼飬ӶǼ
ңҡѩݿƲס˫һʱ֮䲻֪Ҫʲôݴ˿̵顣
ˡ
Ҷ̾ϢһЩԼֵʲô顣
עѾҶѣͬʱ˼Ҷѵͬʱγ˺һŮˡ
Ҷ𿴵ĺΨһֿŮֻҶһˣȴԶֻѩˣһ㲻ı䡣
ʵӦöѩݺһ㡣
ԲЩҺˡҶʱ˺ֺܶ࣬ܶĲλĵطҪȥı䡣
ѩҪҶԼǸܵõҶôһ仰ѾŮи˵ĲԼȥܹ֮ҶһпѩݻʲôǷŲµأ
ŮУĲԼˣֻǵò˵ĳ谮͹ģѩݲŻѡ˶ΣҪõһЩĶ
ҶԸеԸôѩ˵ûʲôûа취µˡ
ʱҲ֪˵ɵʲôˡ
ҶѩݵȻӺҪĬ顣
ѩݣĬڡ
ʵҶѩҲ˵顣ŮһĨЦ⣬ҸղžҪ˵飬ĬĺӣҶҵĺӣӦðĬ⺢Ӹϻˡ
ҶвЩȣû뵽չô˳ѩݶ˵ʲôĻֱͬˡ


595 ڣ2
Ҷ㾪ȵı飬ѩо͸ӹⲻȥԼ֮ǰֲֳƵҶҲˡ
Ů΢΢ԴɫԽ˳ᣬ̾Ϣһ
ǰҲã̫ƽϣŲЩ顣ѩѵûϴҶͷοѩء֮ǰҲãôҲֲ֮ǰ顣
Ҷиˣô룬Һܸˡ
ǰѩݣҶ⻰϶вмڲˡ
İɣһĬҵŮһ۰ѩݲ뵽֮ǰҶصü΢ղѾˣ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷ΢һʱҲ֪ԼӦôѩݽҶص
ҶΪѵģѩݷѾµʲô΢΢ҡͷ㲻þΪѣô᲻֪ӵƢʲôõɡʵҿʵҲǲ
ѩݵĻ
Ҷһֱעѩݵı飬ȷŮĲǺ΢΢һ
˵Ǻõģֻǿ̫ƫһ㣬֮ǰҶԱһЩ顣
ҶƫģʵҲԱ
ںܾ֮ǰҶѾ֪Ҷ費ǵӣһԼûκѪԵϵĺϣҶ̫ĸ顣
ҶغҶϣҶȻҶŮҶѾʧȻܶҲҪٶ˵ʲô
Ҷѡ԰Ѵ󲿷ιҶϣһѩиˣҲǺʵ̫࣬ҲǲĽˡ
Ĳ֪ô˵źˡ
ѩȻҲҶⷬģижףʵҶͺܺã˵Ѿʼ𽥰ҶŮˡ
ȥ鶼ȥˣҲܺãҲҪˡ
Ҷѩ˴һµĽҲһ¡
ԣ˵ĺܶԡһ·ϣغĬദҲܺãǱϾǽãѪԵϵԶûа취ıġ
ѩݵȻͷǡ
Ȼѩ߶Ѿ㶨ˣôĬ»صҶңȻû⡣

ҶҵĳѾ˵һҶҺ֮ǰҶһˡ
Ĭһ߹Ҷվ棬ĸжڵȵһ죡
Ĭ˵ʲôоЩ飬̫࣬ȻҶҪĽĬҲų⡣
ҶĬȣ֮˵ĬݣӴĬعҶң
м仹кܶ໷ڣҶȻǺģٰһǿǵĬﻹһӣŮͣҲ̣Ĭᱻ۵
ƺһжô
ĬҶǰϱ׼Ĳ˸Ҷ𣬡ףò衣
Ҷ˸ŵ㾧Ө⣬ֻúɪɪģһʱ˵ʲôֻصصͷַʽеϲú⡣
ӹĬݹĲյҶǸж֮ǰĹأҶҶҵ彻Ĭϡ
Ĭ壬Ժʹɡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷСĵؽӹ壬ԼĻźáһһҲˣҶ᲻ĬۣæĬӵϷúúã
֮󣬼˶֪ˡ
ʵĽҲǲ
Ĭڻ߲ӦֱӳƺĬˣĬѾڣ߽һҶĬҲû⡣Ĭȴǲɰϡ
ٸĬϣҶûҪ
ҶܹĬ˳ؽԼһףѾʲô鶼ҪҶˣֲֵĶС£ȫԺԲơ
ȻȻҶ𣬷ĬзĲ׮顣
Ĭɫɫ࣬СŮ΢΢üģӦĸףܷʲô飬ԶҪǵԼҵĺӣôҶԼ֮ҲӦ ֡
İҹģİҹҲв̣ҲܲµĬеĵġ
ĬôҲûʲôЧȥҶú˵˵⡣
ʵİҹ˵ϣĬ϶ҲҪȥҶ˵
ţҸף
ҶиˣҪ׼Ĭ飬ӭĬԼ顣
Ƿʲôˣʲôֱ˵ɡҶӺ


596 ڣ3
ĬҲЩ˼Ѿͬڣ֮ĬȴǲԸ¸ĻҶա⵽ЩԲҶ
Щ鲻ܷŵʲôʱҪҶ˵ġ
ĬһذԼ֮ǰҶѳŵ˵֮ؿİҹӣףĺܶԲҿԻعҶңҲϣܹ½⡣
ԭǵĵ顣
ҶŭЦһɵҡҡͷֱ鵹ҲǳĬİҹԤϡȥƺҶҲǺ⡣
ˣȻѾӦĸף֮ǰͺˡ㻹Ĭһ㲻ı䣡ҶһˣȻ飬Ĭ˵ȵҲĬ˵
ĽĲĬкǾȣ˼ĿԼĸףףĲ𣡡ʵ˵ףĬǱȽϵҽԺܽ
ĬСģҶҡͷܹϻ㣬ѾҺܸˣﻹ̫ҪѾܺˡ
óҶĲЩ飬ò˵˸ж
ҶôݵģĬЩ˼ˡ
ףлл½Щ
ˣһɵӣһˣôҪȥǵģҪҸΪ˵ˡҶǺЦ᲻ѡ
һ׵Ѿһ䣬֮ĬİҹҲ׼úϢһʱ䣬Ϊó׼
ĬΪ鵣ģ˭Ҳûмѩû֪ڱħ֮Ķѩʵһôĳ̶ȡ
һ˶ܷ飬ԽҪ֣һҪ׼
ҶҵӣҲǹú
֮ǰҶжѾµĬݣֱӾǽĬδҶĬڣһжԵüΪ
ΪҶûĬߣʱĬҶңҶӺĲ˾ҪӱЩȱʧĸ
Ĭһ۵ײһĨȵĿ⣬ϣĻĬ벻
֮Ĭʵͻͽһֱ
Ĭѵʱİҹͺİ˶ҪټĬԭʵͱȲİҹͺİˣǺ֣κʾĵط
չת죬ĬϵɫҲǸӺˣž˲ɱݺݵؾ޵ˡ
Ĭڸоô
İҹĿһ˲˲ؿĬвᵣĬİҹ֪ĬҪʵԭûֹĬȥŬ
˭Ҳܱ֤ԶĬߣİҹҲĬΣյʱ򣬵һʱ͵ǰ档ʵҲǷǳҪһ㣬İҹûа취Ĭܡ
ֻϣܹȥһ˺úõһʲô鶼õģƽƽľõĽ
ĬȻİҹ˼͵ģİɣҺܺãǵıҲܺãҹһָоǵıڶʱѾʼѧˣһǸţ
˵ԼĺӣĬƲס˫۷⣬˾
Ĭģİҹг㣬ҸҲ˰ˡ
ǵȻӻæıİҹϲӣصĻĬ
ʱҲ˹ڿĬ֮вŨŨľȡ
ˣ㾹ȻѾһ˰ʵţĬô̵ʱ䣬һʵ
Ҫ֪ĽչǸˡ
ĬѾʽɵ״̬ҪµµΪҪҲѵһǵһ졣
ҪɾѾһ׵飬ĬЩ鵹Ҳ˵뾭ѵеΪȻúܶ˽ܰɡ
һ֮󣬾ͻ࣬ȻҲΪҪһ㡣
һ죿
طǻİҹˣһؿĬĬѾָһʵ
Ĭ΢΢ͷ϶˸ղŵ⡣
ԣѾһ죬ò˶ã»ص죡
⻰һİҹҲɸоһѹ˭ԼӶôȻİҹõȵĴսһʱȥĬǻĬˡ
΢΢ҪŬһˣȻҶϲˡ
İҹǰȫûҪİҹӡ
ԥĵ࣬ʱ㲻ҪǼ˲ǣ
Ĵİ


597 ҩʦ֮1
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷҪô˵ҹʱҺͺӻҪ㱣ˣ
Ȼڼ޸İҹ֮ĬøŮˣڿʱͬῼǵİҹе뷨Թ
вΪ⣬İҹֻǰİҹ˺֮İҹֵоѾ˲ֻһ㣬ȫİҹˡ
İҹŵģҲܲµСһС˼ûκαԹ֮顣Щԭʵǰûá
һץʱʵİҹᶨҪˣ֮ʲô鶼ƽʱӶ˼ֶ
Щص㣬ĬףڵǺѴϳ׽İҹҲǺܵġ
ˣע⽭ϵĶǲǷʲôˣĬĵĻ⡣
Ǽֱ˵ںħֶ룬ΨһĿܹħ֮ǰȶʵȻĬڸü޵ҵżħ
ҲĬϣܹҵ䡣
ǰиߣȻϲϤƾƳ˿ħˮ֮ɹƳħħֻ˼䣬ö֮˭Ҳ֪ȥ
˵£Ҳָԭı飬ʵҲû뵽龹Ȼôɺϡ
ˣҷ䣡
ΪҪϢ
⻰ĬҲһӾĿƵؿŵķˣȥ
ʵİҹҲ̫İһˡ
Ĭ㲻ҪżѾ䣬һа취ȥõİҹһ˭ϣȥҲҪ
صصͷȻ׶Ĭ˵Ҫԡ
ˣ㲻ҪżġڵҩǣǽҪٰʮһεҩʦıαĵһͿԵõ
ʵҲ˵ĬҪȥõҩʦĳƺţĻͿ˳
ֻһӵʱ䣬ĬѾ˴㡣
ãȥμҩʦı
ĬԼһҩʦԼԲκ˲ټεĽΪĬҲȫԸ
˵֮Ҳôġ
ˣͺã鲻ôҶ֧㣡
Ĭ΢΢ԶҶһİңȴűţټԼѾ˳ﵽһ죬Աûʲô⡣
İҹ֪Լ˵ʲôܸıĬľģȻҲ֧Ĭô
ãҩʦıʲôʱĬȥ
ĸȥһط֮Էͻһȥһ˶
һµ˲䣬Ϣһ£֮ϹȥʱҲá
Ĭ΢΢Ȼãˡ
֮תͷİҹޱһ壬İҹôĬһĬͬҲǹİҹ
İҹûԼʵϷɹʱҪͻƵʱ䡣İҹһֱѹԼʵʵҲǵмʲôʱ߰ɡ
ǰһĬסİҹĸ첲ҹԼȥ㶨ɣҪҿԵģҲԶı֮£
İҹȻ²Ĭİҹ˵ʲô鶼ȲĬԼеҪԡ
ĬȻҪԼţİҹɺݺݵüģȻܲ޳Ĭ⻰
Ĭ㣬ҿ㣬Ҳġ
İҹеʵ뷨Ϊһˣ˵ʲôܷԼȥЩ߰顣
ȻĬҲôΪԼԱǲ̸˵飬ҪȥעһЩԱ˴˷չа顣
ҹ֪йңһжҪڲ˵ЩʱԵĵ˺ǿ󣬵һҪ
Ĭ΢΢˶٣֪Ǽô˵İҹת˼
ҹҪ֪ħԾ͸ҪǿҪǿܸõıҺͺӶԲԣ֪ϾҪͻˣΪһֱԼⲻҪĽ
ĬⷬĳĻİҹҲɡֻһ飬ͲǺô׵ˡ


598 ҩʦ֮2
İҹݺݵšüģʲôܣһᵣͺӵ˭뵽һƺʲô鶼ᵣĵˣڳɼ֮оͻô࿼ǡ
İҹôҲ벻飬Ȼ˵İҹΪòɣôİҹһ㣬⣬Ҳһ۵Ĵ۰ɡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷİҹȥ
ΪеҺͱҪϱչȥͻƣֻøǿǲܶһְȫĬһ࣬˵ʲôİҹԼ£ҹţħûгڸʲôܹǿԲʲôܹ˵Һͺӣ
ҲǿˣԭİҹηηģһеԭǳĬϣڵĬΣա
˵ʵǿİҹŤŤģ뵽ΪĬĻҲ΢ܹһ㡣
дһ˿ͷİҹʲôʱôˣڣԲ˷ʲôΣա㵽֪֪ʲôʲôǴΰ
İҹǱһˡ
԰Ҳչ˺ˣʱСҲ˽ŵС̣ңҲᱣˣ
һԼж֧ĬҪİҹõġİҹиҪȥ
ټһңİ߽ɫݣģƺѾǺһһ
ȻЩİ뿪Ҳһʱ䣬ٴγĬǰİʵҲ˺ܴһΣһ죡
ԭСӣҲɹһˣлͦϲİģʱ򣬿ȥԺİİҹӿףֻʲôʱ򣬾Ҫȥʲô飬İҹ¡
佱˵ĺİɫ࣬ߵİҹߣİҹΰĬңһᱣҪȥԼʵ
İİҹУھİʵѾİҹİҹҪȥú˼顣
ʱ䵽ʲôôԼģ
Ǳİ̼ˣİҹҲû˵ʲôĻʵԼҲףǲԵġ
İ¼һѻ
֪зĲĬͺӵİΣİҹ㿴ԼǼмʵǸһߣʱ˭Ҫˣ
𰸲ô˵ĽҲѾˡ
İҹûа취ҲҲɡ
ңãҳɹͻ֮Ҿǣ
İҹɿڣĬҲɲ٣͵İҹ벻
ŮǲһĨЦݣĿİҹİҹʵжܽܵǣİҹΪԭ򣬶ķԼʵ
ҹҲżԼľȹ̺ãǧҪɣҵ㣡
Ĭε⣬İҹﻹʲôʱͻᣬѾٿ϶ˡǾͼᶨɫĬ׵ģң
ãҵ㣡
ĬĲİҹʵжôڿİҹڰ˼תҲǲ
ǼѾ飬֮·ˡ
Ҷ֪ĬȥѾҲɸпǧ׵ûа취ڷ絲꣬ĬԼҪеôΣԽⲻȥ
Ĭһ·һҪС£˵ӣһҩʦһҪȥЩġ
ҶȻô˵ȴǽŮԶģ
һϣҶİҹĸһЩԼŮĬ
ĬҲһЩᡣ
ףûµģұ׷Ҫȥ飬ı䡣
Ҷһö͸ĬĬΪҲûʲôԸ㣬öʹϣһλʦ͸Ϊģһֱϣھ͸ɡ
ҶĬһƬ⣬Ҷĸ飬ҪַʽһֱĬߣĬҷʲô飬ߡ
Ĭһؽӹ·غãصصͷףͷİɣҲʲôģ
úúãҾڼҵĺϢˡ
ĳôᣬô᲻еĸ顣
һж¿ʼˡ
ԼҪߵĵ·ĬһڰбǰҩȥҩʦţİҹԼ֮Ҫ֮󣬰㶼ʱ䣬һΣԣĵط
жһᶨĿ꣬Ҷ׷ĿŬ
һϣŴ󶼻ʵԼĿ꣬Զ·ϡ


599 ҩʦ֮3
Ĭ͵Ǽһȥ˵ҩǣΪҪٰ쵤ҩƴıʱ䣬ҩҲԿ˵ַǳĽĵҩʦԼʵǾ뵽УҲʵԼǿˣܴ֮ѧϰһҲһòˡ
һ·ϣĬҲߵĲǺܿ죬һжֻҪԼòͺãȵǵﵤҩǵʱҪμεҩʦƴ˶Ѿˡ
ҩʦֺҪеıƴȴҲһҪ󣬸׼˵кܴҪ
ʵεĵҩʦһĵҩʦѡΪǱһ˳Ϊҩʦ
һһЩƵĵҩʦȻͲУҲΪ˽Ҫٰʽҩ֮׼ɡ
֮ǰҶõҩʦֱȽϡȱĴڣǵȵĵ˵ҩǣȫָоƺ洦ԿҩʦͲõҩʦرˡ
ˣкö൤ҩʦСⷢ۵ŨŨĺģܿûоˡǵʵҲǺӣ
ʵϵСһȫԼ⻰ᱻĵҩʦǺг޵
Ĭ΢΢˳飬Ĭ˵Ҳһ
һǿĬ˵ʵͲܷŽ
СҲǶֻɫҲܱΪǵҩʦֱЦ
˵ɲᣬ⼸հ⻰˵꣬Ѿ˲˵ע⡣
ٹʽҩʦıʼȻҪμӱ˶ѾˣǰĵطȻҲַͨʽ̽һ¶Էʵ
һҲйģôۣͺǱݺݵضһһһ鷢йԲܰݡ
ĬȻҲܵϴֲƵϢɷסԴǸΨ²ҵ˰
Ȼ
ĬҪʹ뿪ϾֱӶסĬȥ·ҪһǾ뿪ô׵飡
λ̨Ȼô˵ˣȻҲӦ¶һߣɫӵĬǰһ˲˲ضĬ͵⿴ȥ޲þͰһƤˡ
ʵĬҲܹ⣬ڲ·ϣԭҩʦͲ࣬һһмܳôһҩʦԶǱϡеĴ󱦱ġ
ȻĻҲ˵ҩʦıߵԸҸоʮãƺûκܹԼȡ
ղŵĻʵǴ̼ǡ
ĬǸĵ˵ͷλ̨ҼеСܣС£˵ʲôǵĻľǸˣϣǲҪһӼƽЩ
ĬȥμӵҩʦıȻΪ˼һЩҪ鷳ĬŮװʱһ׵
Ȼ˵вϲҲҪһ㣬Ĭ⻰Ҳ˲١
ڿĬСһҲǸüΪÿӣ۵ײһĨʡ
Ǻǣ˵һǸͺˣôһ㶼ûпĳ⣡
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣǺֱһ£˼ҵҪôܾгˡ˵ʵĬԼԷȷûʲô˲ĵطȻ˵ǲҲû˵ĵ
Ĭ˵ԽĬɫ⣬ǺǣҪԭǵðʧҲûа취ʮƿԪҾͷŹ㣡
ʮƿԪ
һ⻰вŨŨľȣԪȻرĵҩʤЧܶʱ侫˵ʱ򶼿ԷһԪڲżĺô
ڵҩʦ˵Ԫʲôѵ飬ԪҩҲҪټֵһԪļֵ͸Ӹˣ˾Ȼʳָ󿪿ڣֱһھʮƿ
˶ĬԼҲǺȷĬǲܹóʮƿԪ˵ڹΪĬ
ĬǼϵĴŴҲͨ˼ңҲǣҪһҩʦͨ˼ܹܵסѹ
Ҳֿ϶Է϶òԪ
Ĭɺݺݵüģж˵ΪŨŨ
ߺߣòôԪԾĬ˵ҲʼѾˡ
ԪĬûзУеǱԪЧĵҩ
˺ûĺԼ˵ĬõҲԸʩһ¶ԷʲôûУ


600 ҩǣ1
˱ĬôţԼҲòһ飬з飬ϾԼ˵⻰ҲܺܺõĿ϶Լû⡣
ȻѾ˵ڣȻҲǹһݺݵصĬôʲô
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷֻǾöԷЦҪթˣҲӦװһģɡ
ĬֳĿ⣬ɫԽѿ㲻ҪΪ㲻˵ûˣǲͷģ˵ɣ㵽ҪҪ⳥ҵʧ
թ
۳ҽôֻ꣬ȥթ˵ģξȻ˸թˣ˵ʲôҲڶʲôҪ⳥㣡
ĬȴǶţʵҲͦ˼Ĳǡ
ס΢΢ҡͷ
һϲôԼھڵҩǣڳнֹκε˽һֲʲôˣᱻҩǸֱȥҪ˵ǲμҩʦıֱӵµҩʦ涪Ϊġ
ǺǣҽͰѻˣԸԸ⳥׮ͷ˭ҲӲ
Ҳǿˣ˾ǹթģΪܰĬǸŵˡ
ȥѵʵʲڶⶼѾʼҪȥʰԷˡ
Ĭ΢΢Ҳ˵⣬ÿ취̼˵֮˫ڵҩж֣ȶֵһƱػֱܵӸϳҩǣ
ǲһĨаȵЦݣ˵Ҳͦ˼ļصĵ͡
ȵȣĬסȻشڵжûܱȹĬеĵλ
ȻĬˣȻҲĬĻԲ顣
Ƴһˣвˬ
ò˵ĬеĴ㣬˲Щʧһƣ㲻Ҫôǲˣߣث֣
ֱˣ
ȻԷԽô˵ĬԽǲϵ⳰ǺǣʵҲǵģѵҪһ٣Ǹˣ¾Ͱôôֵ顣Ǵʹ㣬ǲ̫ˣ
Բۣ
Ȼܰ⻰˵ôף
ߣʵǾʵʵ˰ɣֲЦǣʵǾңҲö˵ˣʮƿԪ
ǾĬֻһվǴشˡȻİûĬߣȴҲǼΪְضڰֻҪĬһκΣգԻڵһʱȥ
Ĭ˾ʱѾȲҪȥƴˣ
İ΢΢ҡͷȲùȥ
û׺İ⻰˼ɻؿŶԷ˸۸ˡԴ֪Ĭ֮ҲʶĬ۵Ķһûע⣬Ĭͱ˸۸ȥ
һϣĿԿǵˡ
ǺİһĬԸ΢΢ǻĳ硣װױ˸۸ȥѵôˣǲҪš
΢΢Ŭһ¸ղźİĻжҲһ㣬İ˵ĬûʲôΣա
һܱߵĻȷûκܶĬ˺һһ
ֻĬ΢΢ԷҪϵõô
ǺǣҪʮƿԪҲʲô¡ǺǣͿûˣӮңҪ˵ʮƿԪǶʮƿʮƿҲͳͳĬ΢΢˾ϲɫ΢ȲңתҵĵܵܵǸ
ǺôĿ
ģƺѾȷ϶Ӯˡ
˸ţȻҲԼ̵ĶΪֻһͨĵҩʦǾǴشˣ
Ǻǣãô˵ˣʮպĵҩʦƴҿı죬ˣҪʮƿԪٶҿͷϴ
ãˣҵܵܿͷ˵Լһûֵ˵Ĭü΢ȻҪ棬óһ㡣
⻰ɫӲֱ
ţԼԲ䣡
ãô˵ˣ΢΢һЦݣһȦܣãڳеˣͰæ֤ԺҪ
ɲ˵Ĭһ
ǺǣԣҰæ֤õʱҪĬţʱҪ˾ԲԼ


601 ҩǣ2
Ĭôŵģ˶Щĸ߶Է䶨ˡ
ԲĺˣԾΪ˿ĬԪʼһϵеĻȴҪװɺƽģʵ˲ˬ
ǺǣҾмһǺбҪڸ㣡Ŀһ˲˲ضĬĽ쳤µһӣ磡
쳤ϣһӣ磿
ĬһɻԾͲʶԷԷ𣿣
ĬӣĲʶʲô쳤ϣ˼ʦʶӲ˵ǻʶͽˡ
ԭҪװһرƣ֮ǿԴ̼һĬȻһʲô֪İ׳գȻûдﵽԭĿģвҪ˵жŻĵˡ
ҲҺò˶Ĭܿ˷Ӧٴʱ̬ȾͽȻͬˡһǿΪ𣬶Լʦ֮󣬾㹻ʾǿһ档
Ȼ˻磬ԭ쳤ϵĵӣ벻ܹң
е⣬ϳԼǲһĨЦݣû̫ϾǰҲǻεĵط
΢΢ͷԣʦ쳤ϣ֪λСֵҪôƺ
ԼԷҪ̫ɫʦĵӣʦֱӽԪͺáϻһĨɬĺΣĬһ㼦Ƥ
ôһɵװƣȻɵֺõġ
ע⵽ĬɫмǣԪһƣÿͨĬֺ磬ʱĬʱ͸Ӳˡ
ⲻ֪ĸɽܳģҲãȻܳΪҩʦһǱˣȻ쳤϶֪ҽ͸㣬쳤ҩ֮ҩ쳤Ͻܹҩָ㣬һٳΪƷҩʦ
Ԫ⻰ҲǷӦʵû뵽˵ʦȻһƷҩʦ˵ҲӦԭλ쳤ϣ
ע⵽ܱһ¶Ľвиӵ⣬ǼҪϵõôǿѶȽϺá
ĬвɺݺݵشЦһƷҩʦĬ˼ʦûзС
翴Ĭ˵ֱӾΪĬԼе⣬֪ˣˣǲô׷Źˡ
ڱϹǫ飬ﲻҪ˵жôˣ޲ʲôʱҪݺݵҫһ΢΢ʵʦڲ֮ǰѾ˳ͻƷʦѾһƷĵҩʦ
⻰ҲһˣȻѾǰƷҩʦ
찡ȻѾǰƷҩʦˣȻôһ綼ǳǿߵģʦѾǰƷҩʦȻһǱֳľء
ϾһǿʦͽҲȥһôġ
ĬƷҩʦЩǺ˽ģҲ⣬аƷĻȷۺʵӦǲˣȻԼҩȾͲ˲һǰˡ
ҪĬпĽͼʣȻ̫ˣ˵ʵĬиͿʲôƷҩʦԼں֮ǰѾ˰ƷҩʦֻĬҩһȥҩʦЭȥһЩ֤ˡ
Ȼ߲ȵ͵Ը񣬴һĬʵһԽɫмĬˡ
ǺǣλСֵܣʵǱЬȻƷĵҩʦǣȻšûеĵҩʦЭ䷢ѫ£
ϸһĬȻûܿĬѫ¡
Ҫ֪ڵҩʦ˵Э䷢ѫ¾Ƕʵһֿ϶һĵҩʦԼʵһֱϿɺͽ޲˶֪ԼһҩʦںԣĬϸҲѫ£
ôֻֿܣһĬûеõҩʦЭ䷢ѫ£һ־û֮ڶֱֿӾͱ˸ȥȻʣµһԭ
һĿ⣬Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣѵҩʦѫ¾ôҪҵȷûѫ¡
֮ǰԹʱĬҲԭʲôʱȥŪһѫ»̫飬ĬҲͰһûȥǡ
ھᣬĬҲǰ


602 ҩǣ3
ȻĬ⻰һɾǸ˿Լˡ
ԪҪͽ磬ȻǸжĻĬк
ǺǣǺЦˣΪһҩʦȻЭѫ¶ûУ񣬼ֱ֪ߵغ񣡳ʦ֣֮һҪúýѵһ٣
֮ǰаĬл֪кܶ˶ǱȽϵ͵ģ⣬ʦҲѹԼ˵ʲô
֪ĬȻЭѫ¶ûУ϶Ҳǲĵҩʦ˵ͨһƷҩƳɹԲŲȥЭ֤
һиӲõʲô飬ɫѣǺǣ˵ô࣬Ҷ۸ĸоˡ
ȻɲнĬԲԼĶ֡
һҲһ۸СˣȻˣֻҪ˵ʮԪҾ͵鲻ڰɡ
ԭĬڱˣҪóʮƿԪھȻֱӼʮƿ˵ֻҪʮƿȻһ̶ƺݺݵظĬռ˱ˡ
ȻҲҪվĬһ˵ǰ¡
˲ĬʵΣܹ˺һԽ˴󷽿ɿˣȻȫһ㣬Щ˭ġ
Ĭֻ⳰ھͰԼʦˣʦʦԼŬԼûκιϵ
ȻǶѾ˵ˣô;˳Ȼһʦῴҡ
Ĭ⻰˵Ҳ棬ĵҩʦȲҩϿ»ᱻɡ
ԪҲû뵽ĬȻôйȻѾʱӲҲ֪һ뵽ʲô飬һҪҳʦֱҲҪܲܽˣ
⻰ĬЩˣѵǻԼμӱɡ
ĬӣƣһλСӣҪμεҩʦıƴҪõҩʦЭѫ£֤һҩʦ
⻰һĬҲˣ˵˰ʱ䣬ԼȻܲμӵҩʦı˵׾Ϊһѫ¡
ԪûһΪʲô˶ܲμӱƵҩҩĶǺģܹ˵ϣȫ˷ѣ
Էô˵⻰ȷǺ˾úܲһ̶ϣĲ˵Է⻰ʲô⡣ԴҪ͸֮ˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾԼˣãʮ֮ĵҩʦƴһߵ͡
ͺˣ
ô˵ųͳĬȻֵܱһûһʵǳһУҲܿĬͬĵطȻڶÿЩ˾̫ˣʱǿĻԼеһʱ俴ĶҲ֪Ǹ˵Ǳˡ
ҲɻһĨŨŨĲ˼飬û뵽ĬѾ֪ݣȻַӦǲ֪˵ǲ֪ηеˣûʲôûˡ
㲻𣡡
еȻף̶ֵȣȻǲܻʲôתأǻǻƲסȥסĬ
Ĭ
ĬͷҲأвգҪԼһ֡
΢΢һ㶣ֺܾôһϤһʱ֮䵹Ҳûϵ
Ĭ˵㵰ԴξǳŵһģΪûеҩʦѫ¶ܲμӱǾ̫ˡ
ȥҩʦЭᣬȥŪѫ°ɡ
֪Ĭô˵֮ǰѾЩˣ͵Ĭҩ֮һȥЩ㶨ˣò˶õʱ䣬ܿɡ
صصͷİɣЩҶˣھ͹ȥ֮ȥǸѫ¸£֮͵űʱͺˡ
ô˵ĬҲĲ٣͵Ļ鷳һҪڹ涨ʱڲõѫ¡
Ҳһ㵤ҩĻ
ǰô˵ǺԻģǲ̫ż
ĬǼ۵ҲǺᣬټϺ˷͵ſĬЦˣһѫ¶ûеôμӵҩʦıС
ĬѾ׼ȥѫ£֮ǰĬںܶϱֳʲô֪ӣҲһʱĬʲôСףвмˡ
ԭ׼ȥȡѫ¡ĬıӰ۵׻һĨζɫ
ԪĿĬƲƲ촽ǻΪʲô˶õҩʦЭѫˣҲ̫˰ɡ
ǺǣԼмＸֲˣҪȥȡѫ£Ҫʱ򱻸ϳɾҪֳСˣ
͸ĬŨŨĲм


603 ޣѫ£1
ʵҪ˵Ԫô룬ҲôĬ˾ĬӾЦˡ
ˣһҲҪ˵ˣǲҪȥȡѫǸںȥ֪ˣ˵жˣ
ʵԪ˵⻰ȻҲȥ֪֪˷ܰսһϣȻţӦеСĽ¡ҪȥŪĬʵһôĲΣȵӦҲи
Ԫ飬ȻźܶҲͬ뷨ôһ飬˶ǸĬǵĺ棬׼һһȥĬʵж
ˣЩ˾͸Ǻ棬ҪҪȥʲôĬҲùЩ飬ЩͳͳĬͺá
Ĭ΢΢ȻЩҪţȻҲܲ˼Ҹɡ
⵭ȻȻҪţǸңûʲôĵ飬õЩеûġ
һϣĬԵüΪ
Ĭ֣ףȻЩ˶Լ̬ȲǺܺãԼĶȴǣ
ﵤҩʦЭᡣ
ſڵһλѾЩүү
˼ؿһĬ۵ײһĨȣܿǻָ֮ǰһĵģҪʲôģҩʦıʱ仹ûпʼǹɡ
⻹ûпʼѾŰĬǼϻȥϻһû˯ѵģŶż
ĬûκοԷ˼ڿ˵ʱвһĨܾظС
΢΢ǰҪμӵҩʦ֤
Ҳ΢һ㾫Ҫ֤ҩʦ΢΢һĬ֮תͷԱߵļˣһǼҲҪ֤ҩʦ
ԲõǼ
ĬҲûʲôģǻ߲ǣʵҲûôԻش΢΢ҡͷǣһǹμ֤ġ
ţҿҲ񡣡˵ľǵ۹ǼֻĬҩ㣬˵͵ҩԼҩĴ򽻵˾ˡ
вҲԣͷӵϣʲô黹Ҫ΢һ㣬һҲ˵ˡ
Ĭᣬ˼ң鷳ˡ
ƳһĬ֮ܿǿ˺ĬһȺβͣ۵ײһĨмŨŨĲͷһƢǺܺá
ˣ󻹸˲˰
ĬȻҲ֪Щ飬һҪԼĬҲûа취ܲܰѱ˴Լ߸߰ɡ
̯̯֣һͣӦҪǲĵҩʦԾ͸˹ҵ֤ɡ
ɵã˶Ĭ̬ȵҲǶ˼ϲĳеʵ
ˣǿҩ¯ûУڸһʱ䣬ʲôҩģֻҪܹƳһöҩ֮һɹĵҩʦһ䷢ҩʦ֤ѫ¡
Ĭ˳ָķȥȻǿһҩ¯΢΢ͷҲһݿ϶ǣл˼ҡ
˵ĬֱӳǸ߽ȥ
ĬֵȴǲɱݺݵؾȵˣĬ߽ҩ֮ŹرҲĬӰ
찡ĬȻǸ䣬·Ԫڲǰǳɹõ˵ҩʦ֤Ϊõ֤ԪҲǻ˲ٹ򣬼ǰеżһ顣
Ԫ⻰һûκֵĵط
ǲҪõҩʦ֤ˡһѾϵĬĽһʵҲʮ־ȡ
ʵҲʲôܹ顣
һĵҩʦҪõЭ֤ߵܳͨ裬ҺԵҩʦĵλȻǱƽҪ߳һȼ
ҲΪܶ˶Ҫõҩʦ棬ǶԸ˵һֿ϶
һǲʵкܶҩʦЭ֤
ҩʦЭΪӦǰ֤ҩʦȺȻҲǷ˺ܶȥǰ֤˽пˡȻоԸղλΪϿûܹϵõ֤Ծö֮û˻ɵײλ˼ҵȥ֤
ȻƺǲɣĬ֪˵ã⣬Ȼֱײλ˵ϡ
ǹһĨмɫԼҪҲֲˡ
ˣȻĻǴҶɢ˰ɡ


604 ޣѫ£2
̬Ⱦ϶Ĭòҩʦ֤ѫ£ʱ俴֣ҶȥúϢһ·ȽϺá
⻰һȻǵõ˺ܶϿɣڿĬ߽Ǽ䷿֮Ѿ϶˽һҲ˷ʱ䣬һת뿪
۵׻һĨмЩʾԼ˾ˣûеõĽ֮ǰ˭Ҳܾô¶ۣ
̬ȣС궼ɿʼеˡ
˽Ǹ俴ȥǺ׵Ӱ
ɺݺݵس˳ǣҪ֪СվߵģҪˡ
ߺߣ㿴ʲôʱ¹İɣûʲôѵõģ
ǵ⻰͵õСС˵Ŀ϶ղҲǹˣİʵʲô䡣Ҫ֪ǼɶǳİƵĵҩģİʵĿá
Ҳǣˣ
Сģע˾һ۵ײһĨڴ˵ܵȵǸͨˣ
ô꣬һֱڵҩʦЭᣬɲڵǸ춨֮ˣֻҪܹɹͨ飬Ǳѡеεˣҵ˶ԷҲԺݺݵһˡ
һϣ˶ѾǲԼ׵˶ãһȵǸ춨֮ˣ첻ô̿Ϳ̿
ǵ뿪ҩʦЭ»ָšͺʲô鶼ûзһ
浰ϸ𿼺˵˾͵档
˵Ĭ߽ҩ֮зһƬƽвȥ˼κ飬ȫ˼רǰҩĺ͵ҩ
˵ԴĬ֮ҲкܳһʱˣҲҺ֮ǰľ鲢ûΪʱûϰʧ
Ĭ˵ͬһֱһö˼ܿһԭĸо
ĬڽϾͿʼӿʼѧڣĬҲѾγһԼϰߣһʱǼ׼õҩġĬһݺõҩĶԵҩγҪãܶʱӰɵʺ͵ҩƷʵصҩĵƷ档
ȻѾ׼Ϊ֤ͨʲôĬǱܵԼȥ¡
˼ȣѷеĵҩǿһ飬һĬҲԶеĵҩγһʶ
ǲɹһĨȻЦݣȥƺܼ򵥵Ŀ飬ʵҲûǱôס
ڸոսŵʱ򣬸Ĭ˾˵ˣֻҪĬЩҩģƳʲôҩû⡣ȥƺķǳףȻ⿴ȴ˼Ŀ顣
ؼôҩģÿ˶뵽ҪǰôӵҩƳʲôҩҪֿһҩʦʶҩķֻѡΪʵҩĲΪ׼
ĬţһϣѾкܶ˱̭
Ա˺ѵĿ飬ŵĬϣû̫˽ܡ
ڵĻһܾȣ֮Ĭһǰҩģкܶҩͷǳƭԣ˫̥ĸоĬַǳƺһ㶼Ļϴһһյ費ʱ䣬ĬѾ˳ԼҪļҩĴôҩѡ˳
˳ɵһĬжԼķӦҲ⣬ʱҲûǷϺܶࡣ
΢΢֮Ǻһˡ
Ĭп϶ȵԼǰƺҲûôģͳͳų⣬֮ƺʲô鶼룬ֻҪȥԼǰ飬һԵܶࡣ
ƺⷢʲô飬ԱĬֱӺԣֻǰҩġ
Ĭƽʱһһ棬ڵɫ𣬹Ȼһ˲һ¶ȶһΡ
ĹУҪһȫעȻĬľǿʱҲκʧĵطһ˳ĬԼղѡҩĶ¯Уһһʱ䣬ֻ߻žžҩΪĲֱɹ˳
ĬҲ֪ǹ˶õʱ䣬ڳɹҩмΪĲ֣֮ѲҪΪɫȼϣ׵ȼգµĶĶ
ǿƲסһĨ϶ЦݣĬѾԿĽˡ


605 ޣѫ£3
ʱһֱ۵ҲһĨŨŨľȣһɨ֮ǰģǼʲôһ
ⷬģǵǼȻҲ˲һһѵ淢ʲô
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ؾǵǼҲв
ֻǳƽͷųһĨɫĹԣԭֻǱȽȻɫ֮ʱƣɫԽԽԣƺҪһҩһվ˶Ӳ˵Ĭˣ
СвɻһĨţ˵Ĭƭ˵ġ
ȻҲ֪ôˣСоĨϹΣգһָоڱϹ䵽ֻ֮ůĸоϲ
ʱСܰοһҾӦûʲôر⡣
΢΢ͷǶĬľţ֪ôģȻĥϹҲһĪϤУͺںܾ֮ǰԼĸطϹ⡣
ȴô벻ˣⲢжĬΡ
ţ˵һ׮ԵǾֻҪžͺã˳
С֣صĵͷȻλϴô˵ˣСҲĲ١
ţǵ˳ͺˣһûµģˣ
Ҫ˵ΪȵľǸĬˣû뵽ȻܴеİţھҲȷĬߵһôĵزֻϣܹƽɡ
вɴһĨģڼѾԿ϶ĬǸ֮ˣĬߵһôĳ̶ȣҪĬԼ컯ˡ
ħʦȻĬǱѡǸ֮ˣֻиǿħֵʱǲܶһݵ
ôˣǵȵ춨֮ˣڿԺݺݵһڲṼԼʹ
̫ˣڵȵˣ
лһĨȻȻǺԼһλػһݻԹԵ˵ˣ
˵浽װʲôҶЩȲҪ֪м䵽ʲôˡ
żʲôȻ˳һ𶼿ˮʯˡ
еľȺڴĬ
ȻڷĬǰǸӿ顣
˳ΪҺĬѾΪؼʱ򣬽ᵤ
Ȼһƺ쳣˳Ĭһֲŵĸоܾ鲻Ӧû˳
Խǵ˺棬ĬľԽ߶ȼУаѰʧĵطĬһʶĸоöҩγɶԼȫһ壬ڵΪʲôĬԼҲ˵
ڳɹˣ
Ĭܹҩ¯ŵŵҩ㣬ǵҩγɵʱͷųĻԽŨĬʶסضҩ¯ķ
ᵤ
Ĭһ˳ƼӴ˻棬ҩͺͨһĬָӣɵľۼһ𣬾ѹڵģ
ĬȻ鲻ظγĵҩƷඨȻǲģ΢΢
ֻѾĵҩĬһУһǹɵĴӵҩ¯з˳ΧĬתͺһڵС飬ڸոռȫµ磬ոƿǵСʶѰԼ裡ĬǵһۿˣȻ˳¾ͱЩҩΪˡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ЩΧԼתĵҩĪϤУܹЩҩĪϵһ
ѵͨˣ
Ĭ棬˵ҲһȻɹƳӵʶĵҩϸһ˼룬ĬдҲһţӦԼִڰƵҩʱʮרע֮һʶڵҩϣûջأ벻һʶȻҩգǵǡ
ָо쳣ĬͻȻԼͨ˫ִһԼ飡
ͺŮһĬԼ˵顣
Ǻǣ츳˲ϵӷһͻأҲǰĬݺݵһؿܵ㵽˭Ҫģбھ¶Ŀ
֮ǰĬԼƵҩʱ򣬾ָоƺڼԼĬǿԼ˼棬ҲҺöԷûжûԼʱţʱȴð˳
ĬлǻƲסģ˵ʲô㣡


606 춨֮ˣͻƣ1
ĬôŵģԷȴҲЦˣݾԵҲ
ԸоĬ߽ʱѾѶڣСŮӲܹ侲ɹƳ˵ҩܿɹŮ˾Ȼ˳Ƴ˴ǵĵҩһ㣬Բһܹ
ԽԿ϶ԼȴľŮˡ
Ǻǣ㲻Ժܺã
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣Ϊһֿ佱
ݺݵس˳ǣԷԼûʲôȻĬžڵʵȻ·ϾԿɱһˣǰ¾һаʽмܡ
ĬһΪԼҲûʲôǿֵñͼıˡ
һλǰĬˣǰ
Ĭ⻰һ䣬ȻĬһԶĵطһӰ󻯳һ׺үүģĬ΢΢һ㶣ԸղںԼ˵˾λүү
Ĭȵ飬ӰȴǲЦˣô벻Ȼôһͷӣ
Է˵£ĬҲ¶һĨ˼ı飬ֻ̫ˣλǰ֪кδͽ̡
ͽ̲ҵڵ㡣
⻰ĬǰǸˣ֪ĬҲԼ⻰ʲô˼̾Ϣһ½Ҫңһƽ˵⣬ϷҲԸ
ģȴǲɺĬγɶԱȣɲΪ˵õȻҲҩǡ
Ĭϲ¶һĨأ벻λҲѾЩ顣
ȷ´ңʱǽҪһƽ٣ѣǶܷǼӱŬһƽ٣ܹǵֻԼĬɫ϶ԵģУӶ˼ֺøС
ˣ뷨ֻҪףǵԵĵ˿ɲһˣǿһٱһǧʵѾԶԶܹʵȻ
ħȻҲ֪ǲܹսʤԷ
Ĭ̾Ϣһ֪Եĵʮǿ󣬵ΪˣǲŸҪŬԼʵֻںΣյʱԼݲȡ
еĵ˵ǿ󣬿ԼȴֻıԹȥ˼ԼӦôȥԼֻһ˷ı֣
ȻҲɱĬ⻰ˡ
ã⻰˵Ĳãܹɹƾڵҩ¯Ƴӵǵĵҩ˵ⵤҩ¯ԵǸ춨֮ˡ
춨֮ˣ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ܾƺʲôĺ壬˺Ļش
ȻĬҲԼҪ˵Ĭһһ
ʵղõǿҩ¯ֵģ׷䣬ǧǰ½ϻû٣ȴҲһ޴ĺƽ٣ͰͳͳˡǾ춨֮ƾһƳˮɹдӡ֮ţɹħӡ
Ȼǧʱȥħ²ħؽңħϷػǧ꣬ڵȴǸ֮ˣֻ֮˳֣ΨһǸܺħˡ
ӣˣ֮ˣڲԸԸ⣬Ҫе²Ρ
ôһ˵˲ĬһҪеΡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ȴǲɴǰڿȥûʲôһҩ¯ȻҩǵĿ꣡
ǧǰԼǳɹƳˮӦħ֣ǧĬȴŽⲻԵ֡
Ĭôɵ㶵ģеģ͵ĬϢнţ֮󲻸ҳе²Ρһϣ˵ĵģ춨֮˲ħûˡ
ɫżӣ֪һŮӳе²Σһǳѹ飬Ҳˣ¿ǺãӣҪţȻѡΪ춨֮ˣеµΣһĵԵģ
֮ǰԻе㿴ĬӣڷĬĽ֮ڸӵĵľĬܽΡ
Ĭһʱ֮䶼е㿴λ˵ڵʲôˡ
ͣһ£Ĭ֪طӦʵĵԸܰɡ
һĬǲɹһĨݼᶨɫ˼ңʵҾΪҲ춨֮ˣҲеΣԸħÿһ˶ӦŬ顣
Ĭл˲Լ⻰΢΢ͣƬ̣˵ֻгװħܣħ·ӡǲܹԼҪ
Ĭ˵ʱ۵ᣬظԼСΪӣҲҪŬ


607 춨֮ˣͻƣ2
Ĭ⻰зĲ٣ӾȵǣĬȻˣ
ӣˣ
Ĭ΢΢ͷ뵽ԼĺӣɫԽǿͿ϶˵Ϊĸǿ˵ľڷԼѾһӵĸףĬͻԼһҪӵǿܸԼĺһõδ
ǵģѾˣӺڶһ㶼
ÿһĸ׵԰ɣֻҪ̸ԼйصĻ⣬˰ĹԺᡣ
ĬкӵѾоȵˣڿĺӾȻܹ̥Ϳʼ֪ȵӳ֮󣬵жôǿ
ؾͻ˱ݺݵˣδ
ǵȻĬţİҹĺӣԲȻ㺢΢һ㣬ĬҲ⣬Ϊİҹ˻ػӣ
ȻõĽǺԼ㹻ǿ󣬱ϾĸĲԶںӵߣδĵ·ҪԼȥ̽ȥ֡
̾ϢһдŨŨϧ
һĸף˿Ĭ˵ôõʱ䣬ȻԷ׽ʲôֶ֪ӣʲô֣ҿʱ򣬾Ͳɻ뵽֮ǰǸ춨֮ˡ
Ĭ
Ĭ΢΢һ춨֮ˣ˵ĹƾԼǰɣǰһ춨֮ˣǲǽ
˶Ѿǵõжû֣ΪѾû˻ǵ벻ܹµ춨֪֮֮
вһĨᣬͷǰ֮ǰǸ춨֮˾ֻǸʱϷû֪ҵĴڡ
⻰ĬеҲһԼѾ𽥻ָΪʱĻ䣬ȴǶһӡûС
ϸشһǰˣĬʵ˼ңܸΪʲô֪ô飡
ԷͷĬҲ
ҲҺҲû׼Ĭκĵط΢΢ͷʵеһĨ֮꣬УҵʹѰҵ춨֮ˣ֮춨֮˴ħһƽ
ĬҲһԭе꣡
ʵ֮ǰĬʱ򣬾ͷûбô򵥣ԶԼˮ
ƽħ֮֮Ͱһûдϡ
ԼΣҲʼδ飬һжһĽ͡
ĬҴԼݣҲЩ˼ֻȴȴڣΪʲôԭе꣬Լ벻ˡ
Ҫô룬ҲԡдһĨ̾Ϣóкܶ¡
Ҳ׼ʱ򣬺Ĭ˵Щ飬̾ϢһˣӣҲͲ˵ˣˣ׼׼ýĴ𣡡
ĬᶨоĳڵѾǹȥʱʹõøǿԼӿħʱ˼ֵ
ɫᶨ˿϶Ļش𣬡׼ˣ
Ĭ⻰˵ļᶨ벻Ҳһľϲˡ
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Ĭһ֪ʲôֻղĬʹõҩ¯һӾըѿ֮¶ԭòղŻͨһҩ¯һӱ˳Ϣʯ͸ɫ滹ԿһЩ˿ķģЩøǿ
¶ĿĬһϤĸоˣ
ĬȻǼģòϣģܱĬһϳ۵׻һĨϤĸо
˿ĬӿٶȣͺǵΪؼʱ
ںϣ
ֻһȣ˵Ӱ׺϶Ϊһˣ˾Ǳûʲô˵ļӳ֣ǿӵԼһ㣬ĬüĶȥ
ĬһҪ
ʱĬвɶ˼ڴٶȼ죬ĬκĻᣬܴһȴԽԽСʲôһ㣬ĬУҲ˼־ȣ
˵ʱʱ죬ͺ񲻹һգ۵ʱ䣬׺Ĭ϶ΪһĬüģﵽʶ
ĬоԼҲһ˱֮УȣȣͺҪԼһ㣬ҪȥҩģֻҪȼƵĲ裬ܰһöĵҩ


608 춨֮ˣͻƣ3
еĬܰûһ㵣ĺͺ£ûоʲô⣬ƺһжӦ˾ÿֲ
ĬףԼĿ飬񣬳װԼеĵҩģĬԼҪѧ̡
΢΢˫ۣĬмλðܱߵ¶ƺĬȴȫܲмһ㣬һȻŶ˾档
Լתʱѣͺܵѹһ㣬ͲҪʲôͻƣȻ֮ȫһˡ
ĬʼնûзҲ֪ҪôԼܲĬظܵԼĿҲ֮ʮ㣬ѵõʱ
ʵҲ⣬֪ƹ鵤ҩƵˮǱ¶ҪıȻһ֮ѾʤþǸĬˡ
ֻҪĬõõžԿƾеһٴεõͻƣҲĬĻ˰ɡ
ǧǰΪĴڣճɾپĿٳɳǿǧתĬٴȴҪƾ𽥻ָ۷ʱڣ
ĬרעԼûע⵽תԼԴѾγһȦͺһתһǽĬڣЩͳͳΪĬԼԼꡣ
֮Ĭ棬һ˵
ԭӦð˵κ⣬ÿһоӦֻһȦԼ꣬壬پʵ
ȻĬϾȫӣĬڻһоŸȦÿһȦڷתմһ˵ĬҪͨ˾űܴﵽͣ
ĵطòҪĬﵽԲһܵ飬ҵôȻһǳϾ⡣ȻĬ֮УͲõ⣬һжǡô
е˶ɱĬģʽݺݵˣȻõеᱻĬȫգҲǳĵط
԰еĶٴƺǿ԰һˣǧʱĻۣѾϱѹҺ֮ˮ
еЩ֮£𽥱ڵģָԭ̬
˵ζûõ̫˸õ⡣
˿Ĭ岻ѾֻǰԼѹҺ״̬뵤
죡ҲУ
ıŵˣвɴһ˿ģĬģûһôǱˡ
ȻĬߣͺǱһֻѣϵƺԶһ㡣
Ǻ棬Ĭ˺һʱ䣬м͸ûʲôı仯Ĭֻڲϵ飬Ҳ
ҲѡˣĬҲǻʲô鷢ģпԿ϶ĬǲΪ̫ᣬһҲз˲٣ԲٹЩ顣
ٿĬߣ¶ԡ֮ˮм䣬ͺһƯһ㣬
ŶĺҲǳϲĬʱ򣬺ѾʼʶѧĬģʼĬڵ
ȻĬϧȻע⵽һ㣬ʱĬеģӽӴ̫᲻ܲˡ
ȻԸûķرϲڽ֮ܵ󣬻֮ԼٶҲǼӿ˲٣
һϣӿǺĬһģһԼϲĶҪԼȥŬȡϲԼȥա
ܵ𽥼٣Ҳסˣݺݵ˫ۣĬŪ顣
ҪջظղԼ˵ĻеҲԶĬٶȣٶѾȲ˰
˵ĬеʱĬֹͣ˿Ժݺݵһˡ
ܿвɸֳŨŨľȣƺΪղĬٶȺˣ̼УȻҲֲ٣
Ҳһ˰ɡ


609 ɹͻƣأ1
ҲֻοԼȻܲ˵飬˶ҪĬİţȻ˵֮ĬֱӰ˸иϳȥ
ȻĬǾԲɵġ
Ĭ˫ۣԼһ죬죬죬УĬԼҲЩǲԼ˶ٸ죬ڰеա
ȻЩȫʧˣǱһʽĬߣΪķʽ
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Ĭһľϲ˫ۣпƲסеĻϲ
ɹͻˣ
˿ĬȻһʱ˹ѾֱӰĬǱ̬һʵ˾Щֲˡ
ˣ
˾ȵı飬Ĭ΢΢ͷܸܵ˶ԼĹģ鼫ΪţˣӦͨ˰ɡ
ܲͨ鰡
Լģ˵û飬Ĭ᲻еոɾ
ͷͨˣͨˣķǳã
ֱҵκһ㲻õĵطжĬĳ羴֮鶼֪ʲôˡ
ЩĬԼҲ֪ˣԼͨĿ飬ͻ˾磬ָоͺҪһ
ǲҾͷˡ
жĬ˵ǳ˺֮ģϸĬӣղʵ˵⻰֮˶ɾԼֱǽϻ
ҲҺĬûʲôĬУе꣬ԼͨĿ飬ȻҲǺԼһ·ˣͲκĵط
ǣ벻еȻô棬ҶԽͻˣ
˵Ĭоϲѵ顣
صصͷôĬûܹͻƣôҪˡ츳Ĭʲôʵˣ˵ҿ
졣
Ĭһ࣬ԭΪԼһ쵽춼Ǻѵ飬ȻʵǵǣԼֱԽ˶ʵ
Ҫ֪Խ˺棬Ҫ͸ӵѣȻĬȴ׾ٵˡĬֿķʽҲҺ˶֪Ȼ֪ҪĽˡ
ȻĬȻѾﵽ죬Ҳ΢΢һ㶣дŨŨĻϲȻѾʵˣ
˵Ŀ佱ĬЩ˼ˣȻڵʵħʱ򣬻ûʮİգһܹӮԷ
һҪŬŬʵʱħҲڳɳ
Ĭǫѷ̬ȣвɸӶ˼ֿ϶ȻûпˣĬܺã
ӣܲ
ʱ˿ضĬĺøжȡ
Ĭ뵽ʲô⿴ˣλе꣬˽Ⱞĳ̶ȿǱĬ֪˶ٱ⿴ˣһ㣬ǰҿղҲԣҿһ𣡡
ԵĻĬʱǼһԺӵ֣һҲǶһ
˲ЦˣϲĬִηķ׾
һ˵õֺöʶ취ԼԼʹãĬȴȫô룬Ҫô˷Ӷ˵ʵܵõ
һϣԾͲһ˶ˡ
Ȼԣ֮ǰѾֱһģͷӶҪĻҪ˭ͷ˭
пĬһ͸ӲĿĬƭᣬƭ˵̫ˡ
֮ǲһ䣬ĬұҪһ㣬֪Ҫ˽һƬģҲҪע⣬ÿһ˶ǳģҪѡеˡÿһηŽе鲻ܳʮ
˵ѣĬж֮ʹþӦˡ
ʵЩ˲ԼĬҲĸԼ鷳Ĵʵ̫ҪˣټеܣȻԽ֪ԽȫȻǻûܰԿħΪĹȨһƽ١
ף
ý鶼Ѿ˵ˣҲܷĲ٣Ĭ˵ͷˣԳȥˣ֮ҺСһ뿪䡣
ȻѾȻҪĬһ뿪


610 ɹͻƣأ2
ĬƿĴţӭͶСһڴĿ⡣
̫ˣڳˣСһʱ䳯Ĭɹë׵СԴĬļϣ͸ĵСҲˣһֳĬ͹ġ
ˣˣϲ˳ɹ
вɻһĨȵ⣬ȻԸоĬʵ˲٣һӵҲֲĬڵʲôʵͻ˲٣
һо͸ܹȷĬһǵõ˾޴ĻԵȻʵɲô׵顣
ˣͻˣ
ϵĵĿ⣬ĬҲûκκĵط׼ȵһĵطֱСһȽȥú
ԣͻˣ졣
죿Ȼһӵ죡г˾ȣԭΪĬܹɹѾǳˣһתʱ䣬Ȼˣ
ѾǼ򵥵ܹĬˣʵ˾ȣ
оĬﵽһ췴˺ܳһʱ䣬Ȼһ쵽ͻƣȴûϺܶʱ䡣ķʽͺ˻һֱӰ˴ӵգ
̫ˣϲͻƣ
ĬܲͬΪĬͨĻһˣ
ղŸĬ˻߹лһĨŨŨĲ˼飬иӿȷǰͨĿ飡
ڵȵˣ
̫ˣҩ˶߹һ˲˲ضĬףӣͨ˿飬ϲ㣬ϲ㣡
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ʱˣԭҪҩʦЭõڵҩʦ档Ҳ˵һľϲˣ
ԭҪͨȡҩʦţǿ˳µĵõѾΪһǲҪȥμҩʦıӮ޹Ҫˡ
԰׺˵ĴĬɫƽﵽ׻мֵġ
óڵҩʦЭҲһǳҪĴڣĬȴҪһĴߣŲǻ˭ﶼܽķ
λǰҡ
Ĭʲô͵ĻᣬǸǼѾĬ̫ˣڵȵܹ˳ͨˣ鲻Ҫ̫
˵ˣʵ̫ˣͨˣܺúܺãˣˣһ֪Ҫôƺ㡣ɫȴһ㶼ʲôһĵط
Ĭ΢΢һλ˲ûҪԼ鷳ģ
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˵ˣ㶼ͨ飬Ȼǵ֮ĵҩʦϾͰ֤㣡ܺúܺã
һ˵˺üܺãóλм
ԻҪĬ˵ʲôĬģҲǺҪ˵ģԷ뷨ֻҪĬúõģͿˡ
΢΢ͷ˰רĵҩʦѫ½ĬһĬ֤ܵĵҩʦˡ
õ˵ҩʦѫ£ͺһһ
˵ҩʦЭᣬǼ鶼ǼΪġ
ϸһ۸ղ˷Ĭѫ£вһĨȡˣѫƺͱ˵ѫ²һ֮ǰҲ۲˵ѫ£ٴοĬѫ£Է־Ȼһ
ĬѾôЩˣѾ֣鶼С¡
ȥɣ⡣
ҲǣǸղǰ׺ͷģܹܲĬһѣһϣҲ̫ڵġ
һ˵Ҳǣܲƭǡ
СҲǵͷߣ˶Ѿõ˵ҩʦѫ£ҿЩ˻ô˵㣡
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Ȼһǲˡ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣԭѾ׼ֱˣҪõĶѾ֣Ͳʲôĵˡ
⼸Сһôһ˵ĬоԼһսҪʧˡ
Ĭ֮ǰдӦİҹ˵ԼڵҩǵԼһʱ֪Ҫȥİҹˡ
ãǵģǿεж
ʵĬԼҲЩڴˣȻ˵ЩϾĬڵʵȥԸǣȷǿӡʵҲֲĬ˭һĬŰˡ


611 ɹͻƣأ3
ĬǻȥȻǱ˸У˭֮ǰĬĴѾǳȻ
Ʊ˲˵ĹעȻϴҶѾɢ׻ôһԭأ͵ſĬĺϷˡ
ȻǸղĬҩ֮Ȼֱӵõ˰ͷĿ϶˵ҩʦѫ£ֱǾ˵Ŀ⣡Ĭĳɹ޵İͷϿɣȡ˵ҩʦ϶
ôһһͱ÷ǳԣĬʵͷҲɵӣ֮ǰжΪԼ˲ĵҩʦҪõͷ϶ȻûܹɹȻĬȴ׾ٵȡ˵òϿɣ͹ǴһϣͿԿĬĹ֮
˵ĬλĶԾ˵Ҳ䰡
漸ע⵽һ˲ɿĬ뿪ıӰҲ֪뵽ʲô
һŻɫ·ǰһоԼҵʲôǳõİ취Բܴ顣
ϴ̻˰
ϴźɫףĿתԱߵСܣ΢΢Сӹˣ˵ɣ뵽ʲô
˺ٺһЦֱӾǰѶԷ⻰ǿ佱ˡ
ϴ󣬸ղҲˣô˶ʤĬ϶硣ǸղҲˣĬԲǷ֮ȻҲܵõ޵İͷϿɡҾĬӮĿԸӴ󣡡
˵˵ͷһ㣬ڿĬ֮ҲĬʵҪҪܶࡣ
Ŀ΢΢⻰˵Ĳ˵ȥʲô
磬밡Ȼô磬ȫԿʼһľ֣һµĬӮӮһ˻֧磬ʱǾԿԴ׬һʣ
ƺѾԴԴϵĽǮԼɹɫ·˿ƲסһĨаȵЦݡ
⻰Ҳ˵˴ҵĿĻǽǮڵ˭˭Ӯܶ࣬һֻҪǶĬӮȻǿԴ׬һʣ
ⲻϴҾ 취еͨ
ԶԶԣҲôã
ֻҪĬԼʵҿǸȫͲĬĶ֡ȫһˡ
Ȼ⻰һ˲ͻ˲˵ϿɣһǼѾʶϰϴ͵ϴһ϶ǾͿְ
Ȼ׬Ǯĺ£ϴҲĶӲصص˵ͷãôɡ
ȻǾĬǻȥûжãһĬ˶ŵ˭˭ӮĶľѾʼ
Ĭһڿջ͵һԼ֮ǰз飬ԼԼѾõ顣
ǰһҲû뵽һ˲˲ضĬ˵Ѿõ̫ˣ벻ѾԼ̫꣬ˣ
Ĭ΢΢ͷǵģ֮ǼҲԽе棬Զкܴİ
⻰СǼѾЩȲҪȥˡ
ˣȥɣ˵ľСˣУС̻ʵҲһСһֱڲŬҪΪĬһԼ
С⻰ĬҲʮֿ϶ãװأҲҪô
ĬǵѡҪԼ޺ǿ󣬵ȻǵǿȻҲǺõġ
С΢΢СһĵĻĬ壬ȻȻҪԼʵ
Се뷨Ĭижص˵СԴǲõңڻкİڰ˵ҷֺҪȥֱ˵
Ĭ⻰ЦЦҲѾ˾ϣˣҲҪҪøǿ󡣡
ãĬ⣬֮תͷ򵰵أ
ĬôţǼ׼еȻҲȥģȻڻиҪҪȥġ
ҾȲȥˣҩұȽϤİҹ֮ڽȥɡҲǵ֮ǰõһͲõôˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷãǾôˡ
ССͽĬ͵͵档


612 ľ֣ʤ1
ʱĬҲ׼ȥ߶ϲֱڿջ档
һĬʵոԽͻƵ죬ȻҲԼȱݣЩĬвòǵ飬ĬҪڷһһʵҩʦıڼĬҲбҪȥϤһ±飬ӦŻ᲻Ųæ
ʮ֮Ĭǻ˫ۣ⼸ȹ̣ĬһԼʵ˽һĿ϶
ˣˣ
Ĭ΢΢ʱҲҺеԼߣϲͶ¶棬ܶʱǵΪȥȡϢ
ô˵ӣǵ鵽ʲôϢ
ҲһزסµˣͷˣȺȻΪȲǸ涼˶ľ֣˵˭ҩʦıлʤȻ˶ѹӮѹӮģʶѾǵʮˡ
⻰ĬҲ£벻ԼȻô˿ð
΢΢ҶӮǼȻˣܲܳ־Լ磬˰ǮܲܲҪɣæȥͶʮӷϰɡ
ĬƵģƺʮӾһСĿһûзй
ʵҲˣĬԼڵˮƽҲȷġĬֲǺǮˣȻҲǮϾûһ˻ԼǮ಻ǡĬҲ⡣
Ĭ⻰ɺݺݵس˳ǣΪԼһЩȻ
Ժ㡭
ĬüһǹһĨаȵЦݣΪʲôΪҲЩѵһҪǮƲɣ
ĬĸԼѾʼЩԻСڸʲôҪǮı֮ĬⲻҲҪΪ׼øֵĶ
΢΢ҲҪıҲҪϲġ
Ĭ⻰ɺݺݵس˳ǣȷǹƵﱦϣǿˣ̥أѾʼΪĬˡ
ɻҪΪûгС˱䣬ˣĺϲôһӾͱСϲˣ̻ģ
ԴǵģȥĬһ
΢Ƭ̣˵ˣС˻Ķ棬ǱѾʼԼʶ뷨ɲҪѺӸ̻ˣͲˣ
˵Ĭֽʽԡ
Ĭ΢΢üǲɹһĨаȵЦݣ⿴򵰵һ濴Ѿʼô̻⺢ˡûз֣ǰҲЩԴ֮ôı䣬˵ԭ򣡡
˵Ǻӵԭʲôԭ򶼻ᱻĬĬģҲûʲô˵ˡ
ĿһĬĶӣֻĬһҲܺĬŸɣֻҪԼ˿ľͺãϾܷʲôĬҪǸˣڶıĬ࣬ԱӦöǫһҲûģ
ĳûеߵĵڶĬ֮һеԭͳͳʧˣֻҪĬľͺá
Ҳǣģҿ϶õģ
ҲŨŨİԣҲ뿴ȵЩԼ˵ȴһ⣬ʲôģ
ʵԼҲѹסˣûѹĶ࣡Ȼֱʣ֮ǰҲԼѹͦģ벻ĬָӹĬһȣȫС׼ˡ
Ĭ΢΢üҾĻľֵ˵ҪˡȻȻĬô˵ȴһ㶼ʲô˼ĵطԿ˵ƺõġ
һϣͺĬһģһں˵Ȼ˼Ҹпľ֣Ҫ׼㹻ʽ𣡡
֮ǰĬʵ׼Ҫͨ취׬һʵˣĬ͵ⷬΪҪ׼ÿ޳ˡ
Ǯɲô׵顣
ȻڵĬʮֱѹĬϣ˲俪ĳļֵܶɱݺݵ𾪵ˡ
˲˼ĿǰСкܾÿȥ죬һȴô벻СѣˣѹôǮĬϣʱˣʲôòˣҪ֪Ҷ֪ĬȫĶ֣
Ҫ֪Ǽֵܹƾ۶ľֵȯѾ׬˲֪ǮˣǵôǮѹĬϣƵʱǰ⼸׬Ǯͳͳȥ˼ˡ


613 ľ֣ʤ2
һѾŵ飬ԸǮţǵȻܲܣȻⲻǲԷӲǡ
ΪʲôһҪͶأСүеǮҾǿĬ˳ۣϲɻҪжžжţ˼ǮôԣҺأ
⻰ᶼҪˣôôһɵӡ
˲ϸһ۵⵽ļҵĺӣô£ȻôǮģѵƽ˵֣ɵɵܱ¶ԡ
ȻǸˣľֵ˾Ҫ޳ˡ
һ˲뵽һĺע⣬Ҳֻô˵ˣ֮ǲͬСкĬѺע
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΢΢ΪСӺƭɣصҲǿˣ⼸Ӧ֪Լ˵ʵ϶ʲôѺעĬϣҪ׬һʡô벻Ȼվ֧Ĭɣ
ҲżǼվѵ˲ɡ
˵ͷǵǿ㣬һأ⣬ѵҪܾɣ
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Ȼһʱ䣬߳һȺˣΪ׵һӣȺмϴˡ
˴һ۵ô˲Ѿеĵ
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ⲻŵ飬ǵǸҿ㰡һſأбһ۸ˣ飬ҲԻȥúϢһˡ
Ŀ΢΢ѾСкʲôͷĬ߸ŵǸСкһģȻ϶վĬˡ
ǿľ֣϶ܾܾͣõͶעĻǿ϶úܲңҲǲУҲвֱͨڿ˵ķӦˡ
λСүΪ׼ͶעĽȽϴԻߡ
ģǼðԼŪȥ֮вõĻǾ̫Сˣ
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˵ͷѽǾȥһ£ϣܸһĻظ
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⵭ߵ֮˸λŶȣҪжж⣬ֱ
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ˣʲôǾֱ˵˰ɣҾأʱ򣬵Ҳº˲٣ǼôģϣͶĬ
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˵õĻӦԽȻ
һ˾͸Ӳܵ˵ɫº֪ͣλСүӦγƺĬʦĵܵжʦо壬֪ܲһҿ԰ζľ׬ȫ׸ʦ
ԭΪԷȰϣܹ֧Ĭʲôڡ
뵹ҲȻС֮ĶȾ֮ˣǸûͨ׬ȡ̫棬Լ̫ࡣ
һǵЩ˼ˡ
´һǰˣ֮ĿתļˣȥϿɾͲô֧˵ˡ
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뻹ѡˣǸԼ˴鷳ɾͲˡ
Ŀ⿴ļˣʾǻش𵰵⡣
ֵǲͬģǺòײ뵽׬Ǯİ취ȴΪ£ܸ˾ˡһܺãһмΪԼϴֻҪϴ˵ĻҲǺûǲã󶼻һ֧ͬ⡣
Ǽһһվں˵󣬾Ȼͬ˵ֻҪϴľǶ֧֣
һ㵹ҲǷǳѵõˡ
ǵҪǸжˡ
ãȻǶˣһͷȥʣ֮ٴǡĳѾɿˡ


614 ľ֣ʤ3
Ҳ֪ûãڵ뿪ûжãĬҲųšһڿջҲһʱ䣬ҲӦó΢˶һ£ҲȽ溢ӵ
ǳûжõʱ䣬ȻҲ˵ȻǱǸܾˡ
Դ˺֮ĬƢʱҲûĬˣǾȻҪ۸Ժ۸Ĭûʲô
ĬУǰѵСꡢС̵ԼļˣһҲͳŶĳķȥ˵Էκν͵ĻᣬĬֱӴãһҲ˭еġ
Ϊ㣡Ĭ⿴ڿĵȷһ鶼ûУкݺݵһ⿴ˣҪʲô
⻤ӵı飬ʵ𺳣
УĬϸ첲ϸȵģ˵ϸϸģһŮһ벻Ȼôǿı⻹СĬʵ
Ҳû뵽Լ˾ȻʱԼӭӹȥˣôˣҺܺãҲκβѽ
⻰ĳļ˶Ҫ³һѪ
ҲǿˣǼԲĬĶ֣ĬİǵҪ۸ĻˣܾĬʵ˵ֱӰѶĳһˡ
ʦһжһᣬֵܼûж⣡վɫ϶ҪĬãԲǵԷ
ȻĬôŶԷ˵Ļת򵰵ûҪ۸㣡
Լڵģ֮ͨһǱ׵ģڿĬʱͺǿһɱһﻹʲô׵ĵط
ˣûҪ۸ңҪֺ㣡
⻰ȻʵڶܾôءҲҶ˵ʲôֻҪĬܹŹǣһжû¡
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ĬؿһǼһڴı飬΢΢ƲƲ촽һΪʲôҺǺȱǮӣдȱǮˣ
⻰һͦĵģԸѽǮ͵ϣ˼һֱһ䣬ǾǲǮͲϡЩ
ڷһԽ϶֮ǰ뷨
ĬԼǮͲЩҪǮֺĬȻǲˡ
ǣǵĲãֵܼʦ֪ҪôʦʲôǶԸ⣡
Ȼĳ⼸˶Ĭ͵˶мӣһĬҲץס鲻ˡ
һĬϵ̬Ҳº˺ܶࡣ
΢΢ͷˣҲʲô飬мҲĲõĵطһǶĳôණ˸һ١
һĸĬֻϣĬ׷ǵĹʧѾܿˡЩǻףڽǮܶණһ֮󣬺һԶҪģǾԼС
ʦˣҲкܴԭ򣬻ϣʦҪǼƽϲǡ
ǰһ뻹òɿ˫Ȼֻһתʱ䣬ǾȻǰӣ˫̸ܺܺ
ʵĬУǲϲ̸Щ飬ĬУӦȥ̫¡ԷʢȴҲͦϲЩˣһĬҲƽЩ
ڷмȻİĬ
ڶĳ׬ЩǮЩСĿڷ֮ǰҪЩôȻôֵܣϴıҪеΪһϴӦóеΡ
ڼĬ֮󣬺ڷеҲ뵽һ⡣
ʦ֮ǰпͨ˰ͷĿ飬ϵõ˵ҩʦѫ£ǸʱҾ֪һһˣԲŻᶯ˼
Ժڷʵʵ˵ĬеҲǲ˲ٺøС
ϾĬԼҲţ֪֮󣬷ôһ׬ǮĻᣬӦҲĶɡǰܹһ㣬Ǹѵõˣ˭ܳ
ʵҲʲô˵飬ҲֹôĬ΢΢˹Щ鶼Լ˵̫Ĺϵ


615 ҩʦ1
ֱĬ˳ţжЩţԼ˾ȻӦ˶Է
벻ףǵúڷ˵Ըǲҵµ⼸ֵҲ֮ˣҲԲĬζԷԭ
ˣ벻ףΪʲôӦǵԲ
˺һʱ䣬ûܹҵеĴ𰸣ҲֻܷˣѡѯĬԭ
ΪʲôӦԷ
ĬʵԼҲȷΪʲôܾΰɡ
ҾԸ񲻴Ҳ̰ͼЩСˡƵҩһǳҪԭβˣħڲϱǿħӦ½ͨӡ磬˵ĳһ죬ǾԼߵ˵˻ħ嶼ȷ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
Ĭ˵ô࣬ûΪʲôѡڷǵԭ
ŵƽʱʱҲͦģǵʱͻԵúԺûԭ
ˣӦǸˡ
ĬԾڴˣЩ黹ҪԼȥףĬʲô鶼˵ˣڵԼĳɳ
ȻĬǴӦڷǣʱԣĬϾҪҩʦıȻͳͳҪΪ
ڵ˱ʱ䡣
ĬɫűʤľģźôһĬΪԼʵҲ֮Ϊǿһ
һֱһʣˣ˵ѾõΪʲôҩʦЭ˻˵ֻҪõҩʦһˣǾͻƷ͸ʤˡҪȥһ
ʵ⣬ĬԼҲǹҲû뵽𰸣Ҳˡ
˭֪ΪʲôأǵȻȥ˾֪ˣ
صصͷҲò⡣Ҳԣô࣬벻һеΪʲôȻ֪ˡ
ҩʦıڵҩǵ㳡λãΪⳡ´һµվ̨ҲȺܹĿⳡĵطмǾԲܳκ׵ĵط
ȵĬʱ򣬾μӱ˶Ѿˡ
ԭӦĵ˭ǸһȴΪĬ֮ĶţټϴҶעĬӮӮһ˭ǵһ˵˺ܶ࣬˰עĬϡ
֮ǰѾ˱ֳĬûг֣һֱҶʶһ֣ܶԱֳһЩ˽⡣
Ĭѹʱ˾Ѿˡ
Ĭ֣ϲһĨЦݣǺǣĬһΪ㲻ˣôвμӱʸĵҩʦѫأ
ԪʱһֱٲȻͳС࣬ʱôԪĳ֡
Ĭ㲻Ϊûеҩʦѫ¾ͿԲμӱǺЦҪ˷Ѵʱˣ
Ȼһ˶Ĭ϶òҩʦѫ¡
Ĭӿڴͳ֮ǰλϰ취Լѫ£΢΢˵ѫ°ɣʸμӱ𣡡
벻Ĭóҩʦѫ£ѵͨ˰ͷĿ飬ⲻܣ
Уͷǹǰ֤ˣͲܹͨͷĿ飡˲ܣĬȻҲܣ
ѣȻڱϿһ㶼״һĬóѫ£ԼɾЦˡ
Ĭİһɵ˲ɣ
ĬǸѫ£žǼٵģҪαһѫμӱôҲӦŪһһѫ°ɡ
Ǹѫ⡣˵һ䡣
ܿԪо⻰ĺ壬ҲϸһĬϵѫ£ȻɫͲǺ
ҼҪģûмôҪģԪĿĬ˵Ĭòҩʦ֤ѫ£ҪαһöѫμӱôҲŪһѫ°ɣ㿴ʲô
ԪǰҪ˵Ļͳͳ˵˳
Ԫ⻰һ䣬Ȼиע⵽Ĭߣ뵽ԼϵѺעԽϣĬӮĬϳĻᶼûУȻòĽˡ
԰˵һûз֣Ĭѫ£ǵѫ¶һ
˵һ˵⣬Ȼи˻⡣


616 ҩʦ2
⳰ͺһϺһվǺǣĬ֪ҩʦܲμӣ˵һһܴĴҲܸɳα쵤ҩʦѫ£
ôһʱ䣬һļĬֱӾ͸Ĭһαѫµ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣǺǣǾľѫǼٵˣ˵ֻҵѫ±Ƚرһ㣡
Ĭ⻰Խм
ǺǣҪģûмôҪģԪһĬǲǻҪ˵öѫ»ǵҩʦЭ°䷢ѫ£ԲŻʹϵѫ²һ
˵Ĭ׼ô˵ѵʲôⲻɣ
Ĭ϶ĵͷ
벻Ĭֱʱ򣬾ȻĲ˵⻰
ҲЦǺЦ
ԭһЩ·жĬмֺøУĬ˵⻰һøҲͳͳʧˣʵûа취ܣĬȻŴҵ˵⻰
Ҫ֪ҩʦЭ䷢ѫȫͳһģȻҲǿһ汣֤ϵѫ¶һģһģҲʲôõ
ĬǺãȻ˵һ°ѫµ⣬ⲻǰ˶ɵһƭˡ
찡벻ĬȻˣǺˣô˲ѹ˵ӣ
ɢɢѺעĬӮˣǵȻҲĬ϶ӮǱŴոֵ˼ѺעĬӮʶѾǵһ壬 ȻҲ˼ֺ档
ڿڵ֮ǺˣӦŴڵ۹⣬ĬģôܻӮ磡ȻһĬͶעǮ࣬ѾǮǮٵ⣬оԼͺһɵһ
찡Ǻˣ
ͶעĬϵ˵ǾȻӮĬԽʧܣԽá
ʵĬӵȻҪĽ
һɫˣȻĻĬȷЭ䷢ѫ£
ȷ
ĬӰбޱȵ
Ȼˣкܶ˶ϵöѫģȻЭĳҲ͵ˣó֤һ±ǡ
ãĬ΢΢ͷиûʲôõĵġ
ΪΪĬǣǾɵˡ
޲Ĭˣ֮ԻõĶԲ٣ǼȻĬô֪ôҲˡ
Ҫ֪ҩʦЭѫµ취ķǳҪŵҩʦЭǿļҲϸ񣬾Բκٵ֡
֮ǰзðǵҩʦ֮αһöҩʦѫ£ڸҫײƭ˷ǳӵ
һҩʦЭѫµĹ͸ϸ񣬾Բαѫ¡Э뾡ְ취ζԷ֮ǰ˵ǸαѫµˣЭ£˵ǰ֮ǰõĶͳͳ³ЩǺõġ
ΪصǣΪɱӺֹƵڷǸӲҩˣĥ
ӴԺαѫ¾ͱ˴ɣԸòҩʦѫ£ҲԲɵȥαһöѫ¡
ʵô˵ɲΪĬϵĬöѫαģ鷳ˡ
ҩʦȻΪٰ췽ЭҲؾֳ
һʲôǲμӱǲǣ
˵ȻǳűģȻʱ˾ٰ췽
μӱ˵ԽûĻ½ԼǽʤˡֻҪӮĬҪõһĳɼ
ԪЭ᳤ô˵ȻʱҲͰĬƳȥˣЩûйϵԲΪĬΡ
᳤Ƿα쵤ҩʦѫμεıϣЭܹʱúõȻԺ˵żѫµƭˣ
ǸӺˣԭֻǻĬϵѫǼٵģһʱ䣬ѾֱӸĬ
Ȼ˸αѫ£
ֱǲѵҩʦЭУЭ̵
Ȼ⻰᳤ɫһͷųĺͺҪɱһ
˭˭αЭѫ£
˵ʵԪҲǱ᳤ֲֿģŵˣҲɸ˷ˡ
Ŀ⿴Ĭˣ


617 ҩʦ3
ԪĿ⿴ȥ᳤ȻҲǿվǱһĬޣ˵ľ㣡αЭѫ£
ȻЭ᳤һ࣬رĬʱͷųѹҪʹĬоη塣᳤ַʽʱǴˡ
Ĭڵʵڻ᳤֮ϣȻܵѹӰ죬ɫĬûκο룬Ҳõı᳤˻ɡ
˵ңҲαѫ£öѫ¾ЭҰ䷢ģĬɫ϶ǶʵֲĻ᳤Ҳûκνŵɫ
Ĭһ֣Ҳǲɸ˶˼ֺøУ˲оã˵ĬϵöѫҲ˵
᳤ɺݺݵüģóǰʵ
ȻвԸϣǻ᳤кʵԼ֮ϣȻ᳤ҲĬûа취
ڶĬʵĿ϶᳤ĬʱϵɫҲǺÿ˺ܶࡣ
˵ľģΪʲôô˵ѫǼٵġѫҿ
Ĭ˿ûκԥĵطֱӾͰϵѫµݸ᳤öѫ¡
᳤ӹĬϵѫ£һͣﻹʲô׵ģٴοĬʱ۵ǾȺͿ϶
벻˵˾㣬ܺãöѫģһ޶ѫ£
⻰һҶɱˣ
˼ĿĬĬϵѫ¾ȻģôҲ˵Ĭͨ˰ͷĿ飬Բ˳õ˵ҩʦ֤ѫ¡ʵ뵹ҲܹˣͷЭеĵλǳһ䷢Ĭѫ»˵ѫ²һҲܹˡ
һҲ˵ĬϵѫģҲ˵Ĭĵõ˰ͷϿɣҳɹõݵѫ¡
찡ĬͨͷĿˣ
ΪϰͷĿ飬ûܹͨģ벻ĬȻˣֱˣ
γôģʵ̫˾ˡ
һĬƾŰͷѫ¾Ϳȫıеӡɾ˵ĬܹӮα
찡Һˣ֪ӦĬѺעһģһʮʣֱ׬ˣѺע˲ҡͷֱкڡ
ԭںĬעȻҪ˸˵ö࣬˶Զ֪㣬кûĬ϶ѺעһǮ
뷨˴ǣȻҲʹ˺ܶҰοȺ
ڳ˰οԼ⣬Ҳ飬ֻĬĬܹһ㣬ҪĬ
ʵ˭ʤ˭Ҳ˵˵ĬҲǱϿźðˡҲ֪ģͷԸŹ˭֪ϲʲôĵҩʦ˵ͷϲϲģֻзͦϲأ
⻰һûмˡòϵǣ뷨ں̶ܴϰοнŵˡ
ϾѺעһжǼᶨһʤעĽҲ٣һϣѾ˷ǳˡ
ǰҾȻҲ˵أ
᳤ʵȻҲǰЩ˵ڶУǲЦˡ
׳ƢǺܺãһȷҪϣԲѡϸĵҩʦҲһֶԵҩʦЭ裡ȫ෴ǰ׳ѡˣΪĵҩʦ
ҩʦıΪ˰ͷҵǸѡе˰ˡ
ԭ᳤лãҪȵαҵˡںԣҲôż׳Ѿҵˡ
ˣҩʦıʽʼھΪҽһαݡ
᳤΢΢ͷѾҵĬʵѾôҪһȻҪġ
νҩʦǵȻΪеĻǸʵ׼㹻ҩģǲÿһλߵƳʲôҩһʱ䣬ڹ涨ʱܹƳҩȻ˳֮ǵҩʦЭݲƳĵҩҩƷѡȡ
ȥƺҲǺѵӣֻԼ˲Żеİء
Эûй涨ʲôҩҪÿһеѡ֮ҪڶʱѡΪʵҩĽƣһһֻʱ䣬ȻǷǳ鵤ҩʦķӦ
һݺʽһֽš


618 ֮1
ڱƺʲôһⳡѾгȻʵһնûСоڱĬⶪͶˣеҩʦ֪ԼȲĬ
͵͵ؿĬͲžԼѵĿ飬ĬһоûУһ˵ʲô綼ţֱ֪Ĭ˳ͨ˰ͷĿ飬˳õ˵ҩʦѫ£лǾĬ϶ȲԼ
һϣҲ֪˭š
ĬɫûеĹⳡ
ʵֱʽǱڵҩʱĿҪ򵥺ܶˣĬиûκҪĵĵط
ʼ
Ż᳤һ£еĵҩʦʼ֮ǰʱһμӱĵҩʦѾа˼ԼҪǵҩٲõһǰҪѵҩƳȻɫҲÿ
ȻҵעǷĬϣһﲻûĬѺעģǸûвμֶľֵģһᶼî˾Ĭ˵Ǿܿһȫһ
ȻĬûй˵ϣǿĬǾȻڿϷģ˽ŵģҲǽžԽ׳ܶ˾ѡʹʲôҩĵʱ򣬾ѾǿƲסĽ
ǺһҲֵһǰĿҩģҪôѡ񣬾Ѿһˡ
ȻĬʼնǳذԼҪҩĴЩҩѡоǳӦ֣
찡ҾȻԼڿϷĸоĬҩַܲҸоǰеҩĶסˣôһʱ䣬ѾҪԼҪõҩĶѡˣ
ĬѾԼҪõҩĸѡͲɸżˣԲԼȲĬ
һǿҵʹԽҪӿԼҩٶȣȻ黹ĲҪˣ
ԽżҪԼҪҩĴǰЩҩѡԽǿеķֱرһҩĵѡ棬ǰ곤÷ǳƵĲҩԼǰȴЩѣǲȷѡһҩȽϺá
ԱߵĬһᶼѾҩ¯Ūã׼ʼˣ
ףѾûжʱ䣬ȻԼĬ֮ĲֻԽԽ
Ҳ벻ô࣬ѡһҩΪԼĲϣһϣǵӹ
һĬͷŴУȻĬȴһרģ͹˲ϵ飬Ӳ˵ȥ۲Ľչ
棬ĬǵӦ֣ûκκԥĵطȼ¶ԭͻᱻĻҪϼ֣¶ȶȽϸߣȫٶȡ
ûжõʱ䣬Ĭǰ¯Ѿʼðŵҩ㣬ζ˲ɸоһĿ˲ǳͻȻֿҲһĵ顣
ĬҪɹˣһ˲˲ض̨ϵ߸׼ȷ˵ǴĬ
ӡУӦһǳĵ飬ǾĬȴһ㶼ģ÷ǳʣǳһ㣬Ҳһܹ
Ȼûоõʱ䣬ĬƵĵҩǸ㶨ˣ
ɣ
ֻĬһȣǰĵҩ¯ĲͺϾҪըһ˿ŶнţǴʱ̣ĬòƳɹĵҩȴըˡ
ĻǼ̫ϧˡ
һһڴĬĶһеҲǲԼûĬѺעֻǵϣĬܹƳһźõĵҩ
һݣаĬаˣϣһҩֱըˣʱĬô죡
Ȼϣǲ֣ĬƵҩһ򶼺ףҪ˵ըʧܶټⶼ˵еţ
Ĭһ¼һ棬ɫ¯ȥѹסŰĵҩ¯ĵҩҲܵѹ㶯ûС
ܿһſŵҩ˳¯ȻƳŵҩֱǺݺݵؾ˵۾
ˣɹˣ
ĬһѾԼЩ鲻ô׿Ƶġ
ĿǰƳĵҩǿŵҩƷʣǲĬ΢΢ۣܿ˹Ĭƺõĵҩȥøί
᳤ȻǵһĬƳĵҩͷܺãѾƳ˵ҩ߼Ŭ


619 ֮2
ﻹʲô׵ģĬʵѾԶԶһˣμӱѾܹĬҪֻܹƳҩͨһֵĿѾܲˡ
ֻҪܹͨһֿ飬ԼҲ˵ˡ˿ɲǳŵһģеĵʧĲǺء
ȻҲֻ᲻ù
粻ɺݺݵս˫ȭĬڰϻкǿʵѾԶԶڳıԱȴװԼģŻϵ
ֱһᣬѾףǳĬ
ĬѾƺõҩھ͵ʱ仹ҩʦĳɼһ߹۲ȻעĬͬģĬҲǳȻطֳһעϣʵΡ
ڿ֮ĬаԵͷȷнɡƵҩˮƽȷѾҩʦ֮ϣֻǿϧԼ
ĬаԼһʱ䣬ò˶ãĵҩҲҪɹˡ
΢΢ͷ֮Ŀתĵҩʦһ֮ĬѾû̫˲ķ棬һԱȣԵ˺ܶࡣ
ĬϣڶƳɹҩ˾ˡ
ڹ涨ʱڣ½½˳ɹƳ˵ҩĳεĵҩʦˮƽǿֵÿ϶
᳤һ£ãʱ䵽
ܹڹ涨ʱƳҩ˾Ѿǳˡ
ιμӱܹҲʮҲֻ˳ɹƳ˵ҩ͸˵Ĳס
֮ǿʼ۵ҩƷʵĻڡ
һȻĬģһѾȫҪκεԥͿǣ˶ĳĬӮõһǵ֮Ľ
֮һһ۳ļҩʦȥһжǳ
̨ϵļλһǰѺĳɼһҲǽˡ
ɻ᳤ÿһ˵ĳɼҶһ֪Ĭǵһǵڶ֮󣬾ͺǰеһʯͷ¡
֪ĬʵĬ½Ҳɾзˡ
òгϣԼĬѾһǰ㣬ܻľһ׷Ĭ

찡벻ĬȻôСˡ̨΢΢ҡͷﶼ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźˡ
Աߵ˸ͣҲǰĬȻӮˣѺעôǮˣ
ҶҪЦˣ֮ǰ˵Ҫ磬ҲСѺעĬϣδ׬һѣߣȻǳԷ

һ㶼٣ĬҲ˲١ĬпοǣҲҩʦĺ壬˵ĽƷѾ䷢ȴҪȵ졣
һȵ죬Ĭеɻ󶼿ͳͳõͣһҲ̫ڵġ
һʱߵĬߣˣӮˣǻȥɡ
ĽûһоĵطĬӦǻʤǸˣĬˣŻõо֡
Ĭ΢΢ͷ֮ǰ֮ĶԼûἰȵԼᵽһĳ̶ȣȻҲͲͱ˼ƽЩ顣
ȻĬв⣬ʾҲԲЩ顣
ˣǲʲôˣ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷǲƽô飬ص˵㵰ԴˣЩ鲻üƽôࡣ
ĬӮ磬Ѿ㹻ѹˣóķǳǿˣڷ˱ǿ󣬹һѾвĵˡ
ʱ˴ˣҲһֺ̬ܲȡ
кʲôֺʲôûףתͷһķ򣬼ȻĬ׼׷ʲô飬ȻҲ˵ʲôġ
΢΢ͷһת׼Ĭת뿪ǲ׼ƽʲôˡ
Ĭ̬ȣǸΣ컻ԼӮĬ϶ݺݵؾĬһռôСȻĬӮˣڲԶĵ飬׼ŹԼ
ԱȣӿԼĬĵطԽ
ǰһһ£
Ĭתͷɻؿ磬ûڽסԼΪʲôʲô𣡡
Ĭɫȫ˵ǿˡǵĬǰĬᱻ۸ȥʲô


620 ֮3
ϵ̬ȣҲ⣬ûá
첽ߵĬǰĬˣǵ֮֮䣡֮ǰҲԣǸλСֵܡ˵绹׼Ĭ¹Ǹ
Ĭǰһĸ첲ûҪĶԼ¹ϴȻѾȥȥɡĬἰЩ顣
һļ򣬡ˣҽĵǸ磬ҲܲŬɣԼʵ
ʱвɶĬĺøжȱԼϿɵĸоԱԼʵ߳ܶܶˣĬͲ̫࣬ѾѧֱӰĬԼеż񣬶ǵõĬĿ϶Ӳ˵Ҫжˡ
⼤ݺݵصͷǣһŬģ
ĬȻعɺãϣҲʵúܶоˣԭΪȻˮݣȻʵϵĽȻ෴
»صջ
ڷǼѾſˣĬһʱϹĬǰڷһڵ﹧ʦɹ
ǰƣĬɺݺݵس˳ǣæѺڷǸ벻ǾȻŪôһ
˺ˣҪӰ˱ˡ
ڷɫĳĬ᲻̸̫飬ҲǣĬովǿȵһ˺ܴڻؾҲܹ⡣
ǣʦȺúϢֵܼȲϢ
Ĭ΢΢ͷǷİɣҴӦǵһ
Ĭ仰һͺǳ˶һڷ¶һĨ˼ЦݣЩСžһ۾ͱĬˡصصͷãʦ仰ֵܼʦȺúϢ
ĬɫƣģİҲ۲ѣСŮԲԼһ˱ô飬ͺѾϰһԼΪŬô飬ԵȻˡ
ȻʵϣЩ鲢Ĭôģǿžúİۡ
ʵ㲻ô۵ġںİվ˳
Ĭ棬תͺͻȻֵĺİ棬΢΢һΪǲ׼ҵġ
ôʱ䣬ûпİʱĬΪİǺҫ飬ԾͰԼغҫȥˡ
İĬ˵⻰Ҳе㲻˼ˣҲڹ㣡
⻰˵Ҫ˵ĬвţźİҲǺԼⲻûа취
ĬЦЦؿźİİǰǽҾǶǺܺúܺõѣ㲻ù̫ھ࣬ҲҪĻر
İȻĬ⻰ǰǺСӣǺΨһģİΪȣʱָȻǲһġ
˵ǻرʵҲûе
ףǺܺúܺõѣİʱҲѾͨ˲٣ѵʱﻹӦ̫Ů鳤顣ӦðѸעӦħ棡
ԺİҲĬǰƽʱҲаѺܶʱ;Լʵˡ
Ĭĵͷĳκİˡ
ͨͺãѺڷ⼸ֵܽҫţҲû̫ľǣİ˸һ¡
İ֣صصͷֻҪĬ飬һС΢飬İһǳҪɡãû⣬齻ҡ
˺İæĬҲܷĲ٣ĳĬԺİʮΡ
˵飬ĬԼҪͺİ˵Ҳһ
ˣİһҪ˵һ£
ѵÿĬôģİҲһʲô飬ֱ˵ɣš
źİôŵģǻĬЩˣİ㲻ôţʲôرҪ飬ʵҾҪ㣬ڵʵǶˡ
Ĭ⻰İ΢΢һʵѸ棬Ѿ졣
죡
Ĭصصͷһʵչ٣ĳİʱкŬûϻķϡ
ɵĬ뵽İҹİҹҲѾֿкóһʱˣҲ֪ʱİҹʵΡĬжİҹһĪΣŵȵ֮İҹʱһ˺ܴת䡣
ĬǿƲסĨЦݣİԴȥЩİףʱĬһ뵽İҹ
ʱ򣬺İȻĬ˼
ĬȷӦ΢΢ҡͷ֮ѾʼƲסжİҹ˼֮ˡ
İѾõ


621 ֮1
Ĭ⻰һİ΢΢һ㶣ŨŨľȣʵû뵽ĬȻôѾõһǽűĽƷӦûûа䷢ɣѾõˡ
ԣʵ֮ǰõҩʦѫµʱѾõѾ˳õϿɺʹС
İвŨŨľȣȻû뵽Ȼ֣һ룬ĬܹһõѾõϿɣ˵Ҳһǳ顣
Ļ̫ˣİصصͷǾϲĻҲõʲô⡣ĬʲôҪ㶼һҪԼİΣΪأ
ʵ˵׺İĵĻĬΪҪԣԲŻ˶֮ġȻԼϣ˾ҪõϵҲһٵ
뵽飬İоͲŨŨĻϲ
Ĭһʱ֮䵹Ҳû뵽飬˺İ⻰ܿԺоͿԸγһ˼·
һ֣صصͷİ˵ܺãǿһ¡ȻôҪħҲܻ᲻ע˵ǾͿԼħˣ
һǳϾ飬ǺİĬϣǿһŨŨ˷ܺȲǺ뿴
ĬģİеģǲᵣĬǸħͷ˭Ҳܱ֤ħʵжǿټĬڿɲһˣĶﻹһӣֵ˵ġ
Ĭ㡭
źİֽı飬ĬҲɾúЦȴû̫ڵġ
ˣ׵ģܷʲô飬ҶͱӲӲҲԼҲΪ˶ĺӿһǣ
ȷĬ⻰е棬İ΢΢һĬһ嶯Ͳ֪ʲô飬ʱжڡ
Ĭ֪һͺáİлǲģǳһ㣬쵱䷢ʱ͸Ҫˡпʼţȵ쿴ܹҫŵ֣Ҫ֤ĬκΣ 
źİģĬҲΣܿת˻⡣
İȲ˵飬Ҫ˵һĬɫ࣬ĬģİһʶΪʲôҪ飬ǧȥڵѾǹȥ²ܶкܴİ
ʵǺ£㲻ùڽţźİֽģĬЩ˼ˣͺͷβŻİһǧѾԼ꣬еʮ㣬ǳʺҾгɹͻƵ졣
İһϸһĬֲþĬʲôطһˣԭĬѾﵽʵ
ɵúİССʧ䣬ָоʵʹ
ںİһֱϣһ죬ܹĬȻʵϵǣĬʵѸ٣ȫİʲôĬĻᡣ
Ѿˣ
Ĭ϶ĵͷԣѾˣҲ̫ҵû⡣
Ĭ⻰һİﻹ˵ʲôĻ
ҲãʵܸõĽұİҲֻοԼʱʱܹ̿˼ɵĬȻĬʵõĽȻҪֲģ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʵеҲܹİ˼ӦǺҪԼȴǰ档
ˣףҾҪ˵飬ǧȥڲ½Ѿûǧˣȴʮ㣬ǳʺҵ˼ǣҪİһɡ
ĬҪľ˵ʵܹõܿߣĻǵۺʵõպķչҲкܴĺôİĬпεˣԲŻ˵⻰
ССİԸĻҲ
İĬ⻰˼ȻҲܹԼʵڡ
΢΢ãǵȵҿƽ֮ҽɡ
˵˵ȥİﻹǷĲĬİΣ
ʵİĲõңѾ죬İħûôˣħǰҲ֮һսİա
ȻĬ˵ʲôúİзġ
ˣ˵ʲô춼Ҫġ
Ĭ̯̯֣֪ԼҲ˵İˣȻھѺİͽУҲܹ
ðɣҲҪھͽȵ㶨İ˶һȥɡ


622 ֮2
ڶգǵҩʦЭᰲźõʱ䣬ȻҪڰĬҪʱ̣ȻҪ˶֤
ֻȴѾ˵ҲⰲŵΪ˱֤İȫԼ֮ԼһһģһȻڹǾԱȲ
ֻͨĵҩʦƵҩĻѾɡ
Ĭ⵭Ȼɫ϶Ѿ˼ƽϣҲȫˡĬİǼڰΪ˽ȡ飬ҲԿ˵ǷѾ˼
ͺİվһǽŵɫ
ǽĻǸħͷ
ЩҲǺ˽⣬ֻǱܵĬͺİˡΪ˲̫ĿֻţڶħĽ棬Ҳû̫ϸͳһħ档
İ΢΢Ҳܿ϶Է᲻ʱ֣ǾΪ˱ǲò÷
ɫ࣬Ҳ֪ΨһܹľǱοԲκ˶κΣգ
϶ĵͷһǺİ˵Ҳ
ֻĬѾߵ콱̨ϣϽ׼Ĭ취Ļ᳤ܱ߻вΧ֮ˡ
һʲôͷҿĽƷܲӦ˵ĽǵµĹ֮һ˵
Ͼ˻Ӧɵˣǿ϶ҩ¯¯еߣڵҩʦ˵ҪĿ϶Լõ¯ЭǸĬ䷢һǳõ¯ˣ
ƺûκ⡣
ɲǶ֮һ˭棡
Ĭ⿴᳤ϻ᳤ЦЦܾҲôףƺԷﻹʲôʶģĬѾѾߵߵ㣬Բκпɳ֮
᳤
Э᳤΢΢ͷݲȣ˵Ĭ
ܺãǴҶĬĳɼҲˣôֵĵҩʦҾҩʦĳƺŴ㣬֮ˡ
Ż᳤⻰һ䣬̨˶ƣóҶĬǳ⣬ƺ
Ĭɫ䣬ҪĻǵõӦ˵ǿǵҪʲô
᳤һƣ⣬¿ĬĬǰ棬Լɡ
˵Ĭ˳Ż᳤ָķȥȻǿһú첼ڸסĶǡ
ĬЩ΢΢㶵ģ᳤ҲЦˣˣûˣȥðɡ
Ĭ΢΢˳Ƶͷãл᳤
Ĭ⻰ˣ᳤лһĨâ۵״һĨڴǷǳҪĬȥղǸ¯
ȻĬѾеè壬ôԼµΣأ
Ĭ˴㡣
Ĭֽź͵Խǿңɫò԰ף˫ֱ䡣ǿҵĵУ
һкܶζǿǿҵĵвǱ˽ѣֵǴδеǿ󣬾ͺҪһ˸һѡ
ȥ
İȻҲע⵽һ㣬һĪǾǰҩѾ⡣
ǲ⣬ǳĬİΣںİҲܿĬȥǸҩοҩͲ
ס֣
˶ĬѺ첼ƿʱͻȻðôһҧֹ˴ҺԿĺϷȻҲǺá
ʲôǹվҵİɡ
ĬҲ΢΢һ㶣ͻȻվĺİü΢΢ƺҲǱİͻȻָŵˡ
ĬҲ˳ͣԭأû׼ȥ첼⿴İ΢΢λ̨ʲô߼
Ȼİûʲô뷨ֻǺܵҪֹĬȥǸҩˡ
һתİȻܵŴһ˵ҩĻֱǰԼһǳλã⻰޲ֱӰ˰ɡ
ܿİоѾ뵽˰취ҿҩһ仰ҩң
ҩˣ
Ȼħǵ˻ûг֣İԼһתԼαװҪҩˡ
˵껹зӦʱ䣬İһ֣һ糯ĬȥĬ˳ƳԱߵķ˿㿪İĶȻİǶĬʵϵĿķǷڵϵҩ
һȥ
˲ҩĺ첼ֿ¶ҩıĿ


623 ֮3
Ȼ
ڿʱҲɱݺݵ𾪵ˣҩԶԶؿţͿԸ֮ܵдֹµζһǳ˲õҩ
ԼҲ˵ãǾһ˲䣬ǶıжˡȻЭ˴ɱֿԵЭ֮һ׳ˡ
찡ֲǻҪռȷһö
ǰΪֳô飬Э᳤ȴһʾûУкڴǿΪᣬһַǳ˼顣
Ĭ⿴򶦣ȻźİʹһɫǶȥ
Ĩ˾綾
˵綾Ҫ˵ǵõԼֶҪɲзϣ綾ʴ
ʲô˾Ȼ뵽Ĩ綾˼ʵ
Ҫ֪ҩʦӴҩһܵ飬ҩڵҩʦԣͺԼĵڶһÿһҩʦ᲻ȥ׷һߵҩƳӺõĵҩ
İϾ綾Ҫ
Ĭһʲô׵ĵطԷǳģֻҪղĬûпֱ̫࣬ȥҩڿľĬòԶ˫ȷӡ
뵽һ㣬ĬϵɫԽѿǾǳԼģ
ʵ̫ˣ
õǹֶΣĬҲڻôΪһЩ˵С˼Ĭôܲ˵ˡ
⵽˭
˭ҩĨϾ綾
ĬһѾ˻ɶˣƺһж˽͡
λ̨ҿ㲢ǵҩʦɣ֪Ҫʲô
ڴĬһ˴ȻûзƺǺ׼ȥӴ򶦣վԭ
᳤ɫѿ
εˣҪǵҩʦЭṫȻֱǻĲͷˣ
İиûаλ᳤С
ߣҽҪͷҺΣ
ϺİֳƨģĬɱݺݵضˣ벻İȻӴôɰʱ
Ĭںڴ͵Ц˲侹Ȼ־źİݶҲһּΪ뷨
֮ȻİҲܾͷĬԱ߿Ϸ첻ô˵׮鶼ǺĬйأԱ²ؼ߸߹ģȻеĻɡ
á
ղ˵ҲǵҩʦҲǵҩʦҾͲҪҩˣҿϲóȥҲܴ׬һʣ
ۣ
ĬĿƲסˣ벻İȻôЦʱĬĻɣİʱվ׵ıݡ
⻰ŶòɿǺİȻ˵
ʵӦĬио˼ǣİ⻰ȥԾǼٻƫƫô˾Ȼˡ
ⶼǲ֪˵Ǻİݼ̫ױƭˡ
Ҫ˵ʱ䣬᳤İʱҪȻֻΪ˰Ǯԭû᳤Ҫݺݵغİʰһٵ뷨
İΪֱǶһӺ̣
ˣ㲻ͲҪ̣ĳ᳤ܲãĨľ綾ʱЧģڻһʱ䣬ûȥľ綾ҲڿƮɢ֮ͳʧȥҩԡ
᳤תͷĬҲŨŨָ𣬾ͺĬûܹӦ顣
ĬѾˣѵػʵûУ
⻰һǰĬݺݵһ٣Ҫ֪һҩʦ˵ΪҪľҩԼҩػãԻһЦ
ȻĬȴΪ⣬һ֪ⲻλ̨ûĶ򶦶֣ҪĿ֮´ɲһ¡
Ĭ⻰ûаվ˷أǸԵţŶԷûл
ȻģǱô˵ܾЩ˼ˡ
Ĭͦ˼ģ
İһǴҲҪ򶦣
˻Ļǻð
ĬɫͻȻһÿ
İһоϮһʶض㿪ˣ˲ԶԶľ롣
һʱ䣬Ȼһӷô飬˶վֳȻûпеǷʲô
ֻһŮվ̨ϣؿĬǣȻֲ£򶦾ҵˣ
ȻðһŮ˹ȻǸöһ¶棬ôҪ
Ĭһѩ


624 ټѩ1
ڿѩʱĬзһƽǼѩˡ
ڲӦýѩˣŮѾħ
ĬͺİеĵһڸĬʱħ϶Ĭõǧǰħϳ˿ͷڸӲĬõ֮ԸԼ
һõİ취ħĬõ֮ǰһõֱӰԼϡ
ѩĬһȣ۵׻һĨâѾ˼ƽϡ
ڱϿȥƺĬԼħĶ֣ԲǲһŮˣɫ裬ħһߣĬȴһ취ûС
һħϷԽˣһҲκβԼ˰ɣ
Ǻǣξʹҿ㻹ʲô취ܹԸҡħɫҪĬʹģ
ĬһͺǰҩɫŲѡ
վס㲻ܴҵģ
ĬģħԽԿ϶ĬҪԣ΢΢
ħڣӺվһŮˣѣڿŮϤİգĬҲסˣô
㣬ô
Ĭȵı飬ŮǵЦԽǸӲˣ⳰ĿĬôҺ⣬벻һվ
Ĭ˵ǲǲܵģԱߵĺİڿŮ˵ʱ۵ҲһĨľȺŨŨϲŮˡ
ŮúʥŮôܹһ֪֪ħħħ
ŮȻħֱۣͬĬô벻飬ʵͺǱµĴ½һ
ȻĬ⻰ŮɫԽԼΪŮˡǺãƾʲôԶϣͺ񲻹˭ڵ֮е鶼Ǵġ
Ǻǣʲôħʲôɣмʲôҿľͺãڣ
ĳŮжĬʹ޶Ѿ˼㡣
벻ףǧǰһսѾԼǶ׷ֿӴɢϣ³ˡŮиӽܲ˵ǣѾɷˣдûз¹˼
ܣǧٴγ˽мôܻûӵĹ͡
ŮԶûа취ǣֱڣлһӶŮ˵ĻԶŮˡ
ĬвףΪʲôŮģӡУҪ˵õ˭ǾٲŮ
Ů㶼ѾԸӳףشڽΧߣȴǺͼ޸ӣף㻹ʲôԲģ
Ĭɺݺݵս˫ȭлΪ⣬вɶ˼ֲƽ
ǺమȴǲһֻзֿԪмҪжľŻѡ
ȴȫתˣõһеŮħȻħۣͬǺЦ
Ĭ⻰ŮɫԽѿһǷһ
ҵõһУЦҪһʲôã˵δӶһ޶Ůˣ˭ףʵʲôǣңһ۶ò˷ѡ˶˵Һ㣬Ӵ˴ǧҲûţѵһģƾʲôеȴҪһ
ĬҲû뵽澹Ȼô
ĳŮȻǺ˳һˣȻǵòҸ뿴ɡ
Ĭһһ֪ȻĽŮѡһ
ĬûŮ滹ŮˣЩ͸ı䲻ˣҲǲ
ŮݺݵضĬףô벻ףΪʲôӻϲԸΪŮͶ̥תҲҪ׷Ůˡ
Զ֪ҵж㣡
ĬҲΣҲӲŶԷ˭˵
ŮʥŮЩ鶼òܹ磬ѡħͬ۵ԭѾˣΪǵ˽ģǻЩԭͲӦеĳ𣡡
ȻĬô˵жһϰԹ˵뷨ԸԼĴԣ
Ůݺݵս˫ȭǺǣħ壡ħôΪ磬˽ôУƾʲôΪԼ͸һȣѵΪΪе˾ǲõģҽ쵹Ҫû㻹ô죡


625 ټѩ2
˵Ů˾ͺǷһƺǻᱻĬͻȻֹԼٶȳɱȥҪǰܹƾսʤħħûôֹħ֣
ŮѾˣȻòԼˣԸ磬Ҳûлһ
ò飬Ǿ԰ѶԷһˣŮΨһ뷨
ĬлһĨ̾ϢȷòϣŮ̫ƫˡŮ˾ͺǷһ
Ҫ
㵱ȻŮвΧսУЩǹȥˣĬڿŮģоȻɾŮ˼ޣʵŮҲܿ׷ôʱ䣬ʲôûеõʵܡ
ʵħŮ֮˶Ѿݺݵؾˣ˿óŮ˾Բƽˣħĸо
ĬǵĶԻĪĸо
رЭ᳤ڿŮȻ˹ȥʱĵŨŨĺ£û뵽ԼԵ˾ȻѾ᳤Ѿ󣬾ǸŮķŮ֪ľ綾ĨȥģŮ˻Լô죡
ֻڻ᳤ҲֻţҲòʲô綾ܹɱŮˣҲΪ˰ɡ
Ȼ
ŮͲ뵽棬ȻǱĨ˾綾

ִ̹ǵʹŮʶɿ˭ô£ҵ֣Ů˼Ůɫ֣˫ֲõģоֲѡ
ô£
ȻŮһֱ죬ʵȻǷǳħ֮ʵ͸ǿˣȻⲢʾѾܹΧȻǻܵ綾š
ֻǾŮѾƽ˺˺ܶ࣬һ綾ʱѾûˡ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣ֮ǰ˵ˣѹŮҪȥƫƫŮ˻ţھͱģˡ
ħɱŮ˫õģһɺݺݵüģ⿴Ĭ
յŮˣŮʲôôôġ
ĬҲû뵽ʱħȻվŮʲôûѹˣҪȥԼ
ȻĬ⻰˵ľʵŮĶУֱͺڱĬЦĸоɫԽʡ
һжΪ㣡
Ů˺ݺݵս˫ȭҽͺƴˣ㲻ҺùҲù
Ůķˣ֪մ˾綾ֻҪǴͻᴥ綾֮áŮԼҪôõʱ䣬Ĭƴ
ĬУ֪ôԼˡ
ȻħǳҪԼ֣ͿֱӰĬˣӴ˾ûֹܹԼĽŲ
ĬСģ
İһ벻һŮ˷ʱ򣬾Ȼ顣
ֻŮ˫סԲᣬΪ˸õĿȻһ㶼˼ɣһ棬ֱǷҪĽࡣ
Ĭʶһˣ˲ʱŮϣҲɶ˼Σʵ벻ףŮôҲôʱ
ŮſȻģ
Ǻǣôһǧ꣬ͲˣֻҪܰߣҲǻģ
˵ŮͳĬɱĬɺݺݵšüģŮϣҲ˺ŮˣԼŵġ
㲻Ҫң
Ůˣﻹ飬ĬɱɫݣģĬУҲɶ˼Ρ
Ĭһ˿ȻҲһ취ھŮ֡
ǳɫĻĬһ泯Ůȥ
ԭΪŮẦĬͶĻ棬ÿȻĬгԾŮͲη棬ɫ𿿽

ֻŮʹĽкĬڵɫѾ𲽽޼״̬ﶼԱմŮѾɻħӲ޼ķա
㣬䣬㡭
ȻŮѺĻ˵ֻ꣬һɫӰӺվ˳һʯͷȥöסŮͣӲĻ˻ȥ
Ůݺݵصɴ˫ۣӭֵˣϸֳľȺͲ˼顣


626 ټѩ3
ĬȻҲǿ˺ˣǰһҲû뵽İҹȻʱ֡ǲ¶һõЦݣİҹķȥͲĬǰİҹһ˲ƵĬߣᣬڿĬʱͺȫһһ
Բˡ
İҹĬ̶ȣôܹ̿Ĭ˸۸ˡҪĬȰѶԷ͸ϣԶ˵
İҹ֣Ĭãһ㶼ãʱոպá
Ůʹ࣬һһεµ벻Լ֮꾹Ȼܼ
ټԷ֮Ůвףܹȥ꣬˵УҲֻܿһˡǰԶ߲ӵС
죬ӡ
ŮԼʲô鶼ûа취õӵĿ⣬ʱǱԼŮ͸Ӳ뱻Ӹ
ǱԷǱģŮԶϣԼбõա
ȻŮٶ飬İҹͲʶԷӲ˵ŮģʶʹĬһ㿪ԷĿ
ò˵İҹľٶǺ̶ܴ˵Ůġ
ϣԼģŵӣǶ飬ͺԼûʶһ⻹Ƿǳ˵ġ
ʵĬŶЩĲˣŮ˵ҹŮ
Ů
İҹһİҹǰǽԼİҹΪκı䡣
һ뵽ǰԼȻӭȢŮǺûܹһ𣬹뵽飬İҹоͲܽܡİҹǰԼȻӲϲŮˡ
İҹɫ񣬾ͺǿʲô쳣ණһ޲ھͰŮӳȥһ
İҹİĿ⣬ŮһۣѵоûһԼĸ顣
ӣĶһ鶼ûУ
İҹᶨֻĬһˡûС
ò˵ĻشȻǺ˰
ѩڿİҹ֮ȫɥʧսŮɫмһûõļһ
Ǻǣ鰡
ʱǲòпһİҹ顣
İҹһȻҲǿվһ߿ֵĶѩħ
İҹҲѾµŮ˾ħԷʲôʵвɸӽˡ
ֻѩһĨȣ֪İҹѾϳԼʵĿʱ򣬶ѩϲȥŪһİҹ
ռ˶ѩ壬ħԼҲܿжİҹĬԹ֮飬ǱĬŮ˰
Ǻǣ㵹Ǻ۹⣬ǰҸϳˣ
ħİҹ¶һаȵЦݣǰһ˼ҷһۣǺǣӦóƺأİҹˣҾİҹȽϺãҹô˵ҲǰδޣΪĬӲҸˣҵǺѹ
ͻȻħ¶飬ĬǱħģŵˡ
ģĬһӣҲ´һİҹݣĪԼ˳̫ںÿԲŻô顣
ҹڿʼˡ
İҹݺݵس˳ǣ֪ĬҲǿЦ˵ĻҲϸע
İҹԼһᶼѾĬϣŮˣҲֻ˵һǸûа취ʲôһķӦ
ħϻɡİҹʵһӦǸɵħҲûֹܹԼĬ֮ǰĸ飬Ҳ̫ƽˡ
ȻİҹֵʱħѾˣûлָԼ۷ʵʱĬİҹˣ鷳
ڴҶûзӦ֮ʣħĬһ̻ңʶֵۣħĵˡ
Ȼʱħ˳ִ
Ǻڣ
ȵɢǰﻹħӰһʧˡ
찡ҵҵŮ˸ˣ
᳤һȣȻû᳤ܽܵ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ȻħҰˡҲǣԼղŶŮͷԷپеĶмȻҲͿĨľ綾ħҲõľ綾ˡ
İҹҲɺݺݵüģȻǳĬ˵Ҫԣ


627 ᳤ļı1
Ĭսİҹ֣΢΢ҡͷ˶಻ǽʱʱ
Ĭ⣬İҹϾ뵽ĬӦ׼ħߵĲ
ȻϬͲĬ˵İҹѾĬҪĺ壬ǳһ㣬Ҳ˭
Ĭİҹ˵ˣǵҩʦЭĻ᳤ȴ˷״̬ݺݵصǣɫ
ǲǺΪʲôס
Ĭİҹûܹħɹˡ
飬Ĭ˵ʲôԸȥΣиӿ϶ĨϾ綾˾ЭĻ᳤
ðͳȫ˵ԲΪֳͣģʵϲ
ʱ򣬼Ȼ᳤Ĭ棬ĬȻҲ᳤ʲôɫ
ֱ˵᳤ʵĶҩĨȥİɡ
᳤һ벻ĬȻᵱô˵⻰ƫƫĬ˵黹ģĶҩɲǻ᳤ԼĨȥġô棬᳤ֻҪû⣬;Բһ㡣
ǣôܻĨҩ᳤ܿĬʵǲҶɣĬϬ⣬һǿҵĸоԼʲô鶼ĬƤӵ£ָоʵ̫ˡ
Ȼǻ᳤ֶѾ˵һУ綾ǻ᳤Ĩȥġ
ʵĬҲ벻ˣǺͻ᳤Զ޳ԹΪʲô᳤ҪԸԼҲҺýĬǰһע⵽⣬Բûȥûע⣬군ˡ
Ǻǣ᳤Ȼ鶼ˣΪζزŲ˵ˣ
˵ûоûУ᳤˵ҴеС˼ȻҲˣҡͷ˵ʲôһ㡣ĬˣղǸ񶾵Ů˸ˣбҪҲΰ׷Эղֱ֣ûбЭ׷
⻰ĬĶУֻóҪæ׷֮Ҫ»ҩʦЭᣬǵҲǴһֵḷ́ҲҪͬͬˡ
ǺǣôڲֻҪҰæ׷ͬʱҪҰת͸㣡⻹µĺ¶ռˣ
Ĭǳûкͻ᳤֮ǰĨҩ飬Լˡ
ĬҴԼ˼᳤ŴҵȻҲö˵ʲôѾĬͷŴУǱȸղ˻ҪĿֲ
˵ˣЭľ˭ûбȻˣЭȻҪջأԲ˵У
᳤⻰˵ԴǣǸղ̰ģѾ¶˼
ھ˶Щȥò˵λ᳤Щˡ
˲ҡͷղҲˣڶԿħʱĬѾܾˣⷽЭҪúܶ࣬һתȻ˵ΪĬĹϵ˴ߣ˵ʵ̫ˡ
᳤˵ͲˣղǶˣĬѾŬˣ
԰԰ҿĬͲˣ˵Ĭȥ׷ǵȻĬͻЭᣬͲˣ
ǵЭⲻӻҪƷİǶɵ˲ɣ

µĹڿ˵Ƕһ仰ǳ᳤ܻܽΪ
˵ǿģһһĭӣ԰
᳤Ҳ벻Լһ죬Ȼᱻô˵泰ֱƽʱ飬᳤ȻҲ˳Ⱥڵʶ˵ȥôҲſġǽ첻УЭ˵ʵ̫Ҫˣڻ᳤ġ
ǵô˵棬᳤ҲûκҪɿڵ˼Ѿ󶨺⣬˵ʲôı䡣
ҲܣҾǰѻˡĬЭ棬ʮ֮ڰ׷Ȼ͵һЭɱ㣡᳤ɫ࣬ĳλ᳤Ҳ˺ģȻҲᵱô˵⻰
ĬŻ᳤գǺǣҪɱˣ


628 ᳤ļı2
ҪɱĬİҹǵһվάĬˡ
ѾվǰЭ᳤ȻҪĬǳһ㣬İҹжѾãԲܷŹ˶Է
ǺǣҵҪ˭ܷɱ㣡
İҹĬǰ¡ҪסĬģҪԸĬ϶ҲҪȹİҹһأİҹͲס
Ȼ᳤ҲǱͷԣôĬİҹ˽ãȻһỹĬʲôõ顣
᳤ǹһĨЦǺǣСӼȻ߲ͷˣȻҲܲɳȫ㲻ǣãҾһʰˣ
ϣĬǸˣͣ
᳤һ£ĳģľĬİҹ˸ˣһϵȷǺܶ˶벻顣
찡Э᳤Ƿ˲ɣѵӦȥôֲ֮ǰĴ󣬷ȥĬѣ𣡡
Ĭɫݣȥƺûаѻ᳤ǷС
˵ҲǣЭҲ᳤ʵȵĬǾͺǴڴСһûʲôõĵĵط
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣǺǣҪĻǾһɡ
ҲǲСûа˷УʵĬȷҲʵ
İҹ΢΢۵ǳɫһ𡣡
İҹкĬһ𲢼սʱҲøİҹһᣬİҹԼȻҲǲġ
һ
һȣĬǵġ
Ĭûͷ֪Ǻİǹˡ
ɲ
İźҫŵһֵܹԭΪܹħҲû뵽ħʱ֣ȴҪΪϡ
ؾǻ᳤Ҳлˡ
ֻİǴһȺ˾Ȼسֱ߽Ҫ˸Ľࡣֻͨ˵Ҳûʲô⣬ǿ·ƣ֪һʵ
㣬ʲôˣǵҩʦЭᣡ
᳤ɫʮѿıİּƸŵˡ
ڻ᳤кҲѾˡ
İһʲôˣ۸ΪˣΪһƵҩʦЭô˲ˣǽͰΪƽأ
ŵô˲䣬᳤ɾöԷȻڿЦƾЩˣܰһҩʦЭᶼˣʱ޵ĵط ûС
侲һ㣬лú˵һжء
ĳڿİŵЩˣ᳤Ҳˡ
ߣͺҲһҪô۸ģİһ⻰ôôء
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣû뵽İǾȻһֳʽ
ôҲˡ
İвΪ⣬ǵȻҪһʱȻЭΪ٣۸ҴŵЩֵܣһˣֻҪһ仰ǽ˶û⡣
İ⻹治˵󻰣˵ĳͱʾܹһ㣬ĬЩΪˡ
Ĭ֤ԼûҪİѵҩʦЭˣҲ̫ײˣûа취Լ֪һ㡣
΢΢ҡͷˣȥɡ
ȻĬԸȽϺá
᳤һоͺưͳԻĶʹ࣬һʱ侹Ȼûа취˵оǱѡ
Ĭ㡭
᳤Լ֣ĬҲɾˣѵڻ᳤ûģֱڻҪһѲɡ
᳤Ѿƽ֮ǰĨҩˡĬ⻰ԴһĨͷ᳤ִԲ򣬿Ĭʱˡ
Ĭ˵Ŀ⣬᳤ﻹĸ˵ʲô顣
ھֻһ뷨Ĭɷ߾ͺã飬᳤ҲֻȰŵٿǡ
Ҫ˵ĬҲǲʣô벻Ȼģ
ղҶеȻĽЭᵱȻУЭ԰æ뵽׷ȥġ
Ҳһתʱ䣬᳤ͺȫһһ
ڳ˿Ҳֻҡͷ˵һԼʵǿǵʲôˡ
ǱħߣЭҪȥ׷ǱȽˡ
һϣĬиûָЭᡣ


629 ᳤ļı3
᳤нţȻ֪Լ֮ǰΪѾĬһǳõӡһʱҪתĬжЭƫҲһ׵飬᳤Ѿˡ
ղˣʵĳĬߵˣµЩˣһʵǳǿ˽Ȼ໥òõѡ
᳤΢תлҪôתղµĲõӡ
ĬҪǸ֮ǰȷĲãѶຣΪ˱ЭǸ⣬ԸΪǵЭϣЭĸ档
Эϣ
벻ЭᾹȻҲô󷽵ʱҪ֪ҩʦЭĳӵзǳȨ棬͹ƾ涼һֹ١
ɴжĬҲ˳ݣǺܶҲĬһĬ곤ܶ࣬ĬСС;Ѿ˱˳ɳﲻĸ߶ȣһ㣬вԽݵĵط
ȻΪĬĶı⣬Ǿ;СĬ
ɳĬʵĬ˵ѾôҪ飬ҪĻԼľͺáܹȥԼϲ飬߰ĶԽֻ࣬Ĭо۰ˡ
İҹսĬ֣ȻҽĬʲôľİҹһ֧Ĭľ
ĬһҲǼã֪İҹ
ȻĬ֪İҹദģʽ˿ȥǺְ
Ҫ֪ˣ
֣һʮָ۵ģȥĺŰİ
ЩѾĬİҹҪǵķΧ֮ڡ
Ĭתͷ᳤ϻ᳤ڴ⣬Ĭе㲻˼ˣҾòˣͺܺãЭʲôҪĬæģֱ˵ɣҲƴǡ
벻Ĭʱ˵⻰УһĪůĵĸо
Ҫ˵ʵ᳤ҲǸж벻Լ֮ǰѾԴĬĬȻԸ˵ԸְæĻ
һǻ᳤ҲˣԼ֮ǰô˰취
֮ǰһֱĬǺú˵δõķʽ˵һĬãЭ͸ӶˡȻһ᳤ǺҲˡ
Ĭܲܡ
Ȼ᳤ѺĻ˵꣬ۻ𣬡ˣ˼񣡡
˲᳤ɫˣʵû뵽Ȼˡ
᳤æתлԵĽţܳϣôʱˡ
ó᳤λҲǼΪ𾴣λܳӦöڻ᳤˵һǳҪˣȻ᳤ȫòôġ
᳤ֻڿ֮æ첽ߵߣ˫ַס˵ĸ첲ܳϣ岻ʣڷúϢɣҪˡ
ܳϲûлӦ᳤⻰ǰע·Ĭϣ΢΢ɫˣͷӹҲǺ˵Щġ
˵ܳϵתĬ΢΢Ĭ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ͲʶλˣʶĵͷԣҾĬǰͽ̡
ڿλܳϳ֮Ĭ屾ܵĲһų⣬ϲͷųָо
Ǻǣͽ̣ͽ̾˵ˣҾǿ˵Ӯҩʦĵһߣ
İҹ΢΢Ҫ˵ĬϲͷųָоİҹҲоһֲ
ɫصĬǰĬ֮ľ룬ĬͲܵ˵񹥻
ò˵İҹΪȥǷǳůġ
˵סߣȻǺܺãĬģͻȻ˵סԼߣʲôˣ仰ȻǶİҹ˵ˡ
İҹɫϬ⣬Ĭġ
ҵѣλǰкδͽ̡
Ǿ仰İҹû˵꣬ȴǱĬֱӰѻ˹ȥһĬоȻҲûа취ô˵棬İҹҲ˵Ƿ޹ϵ⵽׻γɶɱ
Ϊ˲ܲˣĬûбҪ˵
İҹ΢΢ƲƲǣкЦҲģʱ˵ǵĹϵⲻ˾
ȻĬ˵İҹ֮󣬵ҲòŮ뷨


630 صĳϣ1
ŮǷǳ飬οĬˣڼʶĬʵ֮󣬲ŮӿƲסĬİͲֱ˵䲻ˡ
ڿĬİҹģٹͿʼеģᵹǵĬѾףʵ˾ǶȢŮҲܵ˵ָǷǵĵģĬһϲˣǲûлˡ
ҲҺĬЩе뷨ȻĬһֱӸˣϲˣһֻϲİҹһˣ
˾ͲԼ϶˷ʱ䣬Ĭᱻ˸ж˷ʱˡ
ܳһǰĿŵĬϣİҹʵǿ󣬵ֺܳûκιϵ
ǺǣĬ˵
Ĭλ˵˼ܹоλ˺ܲϲԼĬ΢΢ĪҲΪԭ򣬲Ϊϡ
᳤еģվԲ벻֮ǰǻ᳤ڵĬһͱɻ᳤ƫĬˡ
ܳϣĬӵȷ֮ܲ˽˾ͻ֪ˣϲǾĬЭῴɡ᳤ʲôҪĬ˵ģ̫»᳤ûа취ԼҪ˵˵鷳顣
һ佱ʽҲһ䣬󷴶ĬǼ˱᳤Эᡣ
İԼ뵽ʲô飬ֱ˵ˣȫûʲôùƵĵط
᳤㵽ǹʲô飬ҪΪһЭ˾ܰǸסˡ
֮ǰ᳤̬ȣİԻ᳤ûκεĵط˵ģһϣ᳤ҲΡ
ܺͻ᳤˵ˣҲĬǼȻûаѵҩʦЭУȻӲõĻЭ顣
ƫƫЭ᳤Ǽһ취ûУֻʵʵԭأֱҪ޳ˡ
Ż᳤ԽѿģĬҲЩ˼ˣѻӹȥ
᳤ʲôֱ˵ɣǼҲ飬ԸȽֱӣϣ㲻Ҫ̫⡣
ڶĬǼ֮󣬾ǻ᳤н⣬ô죬ֻ̾ϢһϻҪǼǰЦ
û£ȻǶô˵ˣҲ￪żɽˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾԼϸŶԷ˵
ʵ᳤ҲΣһǼ˵ʵǸղҲпܳϰɡҲǸղλϡ
һ϶ܳƺûʲôøеģ᳤ҲΣòΪܳϽһ
ʵܳǰӵģԭǵҩʦЭĻ᳤һ˵Լ׼λ֮ҲųΪڵĻ᳤ó᳤ܳҲǼΪأûܳϵλȻҲͲĽ졣
Ĭ΢΢üģŸղλϵģȥĲֻλ͵ˡ
Īлʲôԭ򣬻ǿܳϣʵ˼ҲһϿ׺ݣʵڵﻹǷǳгˡ
Ĭһȵ⣬ʵ᳤ֺγǺĬһ
᳤̾һһʵҲĳڵܳϿȥһ㶼ͰȷԴλ֮󣬾ͺȫһˡ
ʵģܳϻλΪܳϸоԼ岻ˣѾﵽԼļޣѺ鶼׵ԭܳϵȷ֮ǰ˵ǳãһ죬ͻȻһһԸǰȻ෴ΪҪǣһЩЭᷢչ顣
Щ鵽ʲô᳤ȻҲʱ˵ʲô
Ĭǲ໥һۣǴӶԷпһ˿ء
Ĭæʵ᳤ȷڵܳϾ֮ǰܳϣǾһˣ᲻˼װܳƭˣ
ʵô˲䣬Ĭ뵽˾Լʱ򣬿Ҷ裬ڵܳϾҶһʵһħ︽ϡ
᳤ص̾ϢһҵȻҲ뵽ֿܣˣܳϣǵ֮ǰе飬ܳϺ󾱵ĵطӴһ룬˭ı䲻˵ҲС
ôϸڵ鶼ܶԵϺţ᳤òƢŹֵ˾ܳϱ
뵽飬Ҳ֣ĺţһ˾Ȼôĸı䡣
Ҳֻܳϣ֮ܳǰΪʹĹϵŻᵼԸͻɡҲǻ᳤Ψһܹ뵽Ľ͡


631 صĳϣ2
һĬҲܹڻ᳤顣һĬеҲϣǻ᳤λֻܳΪʹͻԸ񣬶Ϊ顣
ǻ᳤ΪʲôҪǰæܳϵ
ĬŻ᳤ʵڻ᳤˵Щ֮󣬾ǻ᳤ͬĬҲһܳϵĬҲѰȥ
˵˽ΪҪ顣
᳤һξٰҩʦıһǳҪԭҵˣҲżпƳˮԽֲϣҵ֮Ƴˮȥܳϵҿܻˡ
ԭл飬ĬҲижó᳤ǰܳϸһǳҪĴڣȻҲ
Ĭ΢΢ô᳤ΪʲôҪĨ϶ҩҪɱˡ
˵飬᳤ҲǳǸ
ҺܱǸʵĨϾ綾Ҳܳϱôģ˵Эģ˭ҲûʸõҲûа취飬ҺܱǸ
ڻ᳤˵Щ˵ĬҲûôŻ߲ŵȻ᳤Ѿô˵ˣѾȥ׷Ҳûж塣
Ĭ΢΢ͷˣѾȥҲ˵⡣ڻ᳤Ҫʲô
ǻ᳤Ҫôæ飬ҲѾǹܲôˡ
ʵҺܿĬܹͨ׳ǱߵĿ飬ҲһڼûٵҩҾ˵ͨҩƳˮȥܳϵ˵а취
ڻ᳤ҲѾǲͶҽˣȻҪϣ·Ĭϡ
ξȻ֪ǲӦ˵᳤ץĬȻϣûܹӦˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾͬˡ
ãУҲҪһʱ䣬ȥһм䵽жҪ˽һܳϵ
ĬȻԸæ᳤кݺݵһָжû뵽ĬȻԸⲻǰӵİ
᳤ͷĬ˰æ̫ˣмǵ顣
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷӦæҲΪ˻᳤ĸл
Щ鶼С£ȿôȥܳϽһɣڸоϣܳϲԸҵĬ顣
Ȼ᳤׮飬΢΢ͷһ㲻żһܳ˵ģ㲻ýš
ĬҲʹӦ˶ԷҪİҹͺİﷴʼĬȥʱҺһȥ
Ĭ΢΢ͷҲףǼһȥôŲӦǡ
ãʱһȥ
᳤ȻϣĬһ˹ȥĬӦæѾܺˣȻҲֵ̫Ҫ󡣲ȻʱĬǼˣ֮˵һȥǵʱ᳤޶ûеطޡ
ò˵һϣ᳤ĺףܶ÷ִ硣
ȴɣҽȻͺܳϺú˵һǵ֮źʱ䣬黹㶨Ȼѹһ׮飬˵ʲôĲ
УǾô˵ˡĬȻҲϣܹ㶨ҲԷһͷ󻼡
ܿ鶼㶨ĬҲԺݺݵһ
Ĭ˱ڵҩʦЭס¡
䡣
ĬˡİҹʱչأȴûаĬ¹ĶǶĬĵĺǣҡڳɹͻƣ֮ϳѰĬˡ
һ㶼ʱã
ĬҡͷֻҪܿİҹĬѾ㣬İҹʲôʱ֣вôࡣ
İҹҪ˵ʲôİԱ𣬡ˣҲ飬ô˼һﻹһҰ
İҹƳһۺİѡ뿪ĬߣͲˡ
ҿİҹǹӲ˵ǲµģ
İͲˬˣһֱĬĬػĬߣֻҪĬһ첻ߣκ˶ûҲûʸߣ
һ棬ҪˣĬҲΡ
һ˶˵һ仰ֲʲô⡣
Ĭߵ˵м䣬֮ߡ


632 صĳϣ3
ҲȷĬм䵲ţ˭Ҳĳ
һᾹȻĺһһĬεı飬ðɣҵ⡣ͬˣʵ˾ȡ
һϴ̬ȵҲǼõģĬЩ˼˵ʲôˡ
ˣǻһ֮ҪôȥܳϰɣҾǳпܳҲǱħռ壬֮ǰҶһ˵һ㣬ĬɫҲΡ
ܳǱħռ壬ȻܹڵҩʦЭôãݼҲ˭ġ
ʵĬĵ⣬İҹͺİȻҲѾ뵽ˡ
İҹҵôãϴҶ豻ħ壬ϻȥִҶ֪ħ£ǾÿʲôһĵطܳϵϣҸоһַǳĸо
Ĭһİҹ˾÷ǳĸоѾ뵽ʲôˡ
ħħսʱŻͷųħλܳкŨصħĲħĹħ֮󣬾ͻо
İ΢΢һ㶣ȻħĬȷûŪ찡⵽ʲôħϵħȻħҪŨ
ò˵Ĭ⻰һں̶ܴϰŵˣԽĻʲô鷳
İҹһĬܳϺ⣬ﻹбҺͺİȥͲҪȥˡ
һ˵Ƿǳѵõͳһе뷨ԣĬ̫ܳΣˣ㻹ǲҪȥˣ
ĬȻףһΪ룬Щ飬ĬòԼȥŪףȻҲȥȥ
ˣͲҪ˵ˣҲˣʵ᳤ҪȥܳϣǸĺòáԾǸղ˵Ͳܴڡ
Ĭôһ˵ȻҲ޻˵
ðɣȻвͨˣĬţʲô飬ҪԼİȫΪأԲðգİҹɫ࣬Ĭͷ⻰ǲ˵ҲףҲԼСЦ
ĬΪԼһǳϧˡ
ʱҲѾˣİףĬİҹҲкóһʱûмˣ϶˴֮кܶ໰ҪͶԷ˵ģȻҲ˼ʱ˵
ʱҲˣҾͲˡ˵źİҲķǳɫ뿪
ôһҲʣĬİҹˡ
Ĭһİҹʱ򣬾˲һСŮˡ
Ĭнֻİҹˡ
֮ǰİҹԼߣĬȻʲô鶼ҪԼ㶨Ȼһʱ䣬ĬȴǲһˣԼ˾ǰȴŨŨĸп
ҹ
Ǿôһʱ䣬ĬɸоԼȻ˽лԷ֣Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
ˡ
ʵ͸Ĭ˵ʲôСŮе˼İҹܹ⣬ǰһסĬ֣ҶĬʱһˣܿˣԺ󶼲һˣ
žһ黰ɡ
ĬиͲȥ飬İҹߵСŮˣҪȥκ顣
ãԺ󶼲ֿˡ
ѵÿĬôģİҹҲһĪϲ
ص˵ĬĶͷʱ䱦ûйԹ䵽ĬĶ棬ĸŮ˵Ķӣᡣ
˵ӣĬҲο壬˺ӵԵʣĬоԼҲ˺ܶ࣬кܶҪȥǡѾԼһˣӻһҪȥǡ
ŮһĨҸЦݣͺܺˣǵĺӺҵġ
ÿһĸ׵ĶеͨԣĬȻҲ⡣
Ů΢΢ͷİҹ۾ҹ֪ǵĺһǸţҶѾʼˣ⺢ϲ
İҹҲû˿ͷĵطھĬӵ飬ҲһҸ
ʱİҹûܹĬߣһִʧĸӺܶҪʱ̵ĸоԽᡣ
Ҳԭ򣬲İҹԸԼʵҲԸȥչصԭ
Ȼһ˵ܺܶʱ
İҹкһˣĬǵĺӣǶİҹȥеΡ
ȻΣİҹֻĻϲԸȥеЩԼΣһ˵ĳɳ


633 ۣ1
İҹĬ˵Ц⣬Ȼǵĺӻĺӣ
Ҳǽ̾Ϣһ㲻ѣĬˣ㣬ǵĺӡ
Ĭһγأ΢΢ͷסİҹĲӣţҲˣҲˣһžۣԺʲô飬ֿ
ĺƺҲܵĹ裬زһĬĶţ˲ԺԵؿĬӵһͻȻһط͹
ĬвŨŨľȣû뵽ӻʱ̥
̥
ĬϲؿİҹдŨŨļҹҹղںǴкأ
⻰İҹҲƲסŨŨľȺͺ棬ǵĺӣںԼкβİҹлϲ
ںǴкİҹѾȫסˣ֪Ӧôı׵ıԼеĻϲ͸ˡ
һѪĸо
ĬҲû뵽İҹȻ¶ôɰı飬סİҹ֣ԼСϣܵıٻҹ㿴Ǳںкأϲ㣬ôˣ⻹һأ
Ĭ⻰İҹмˣҪеӵΣӣѪָоֱ֮
ǰںǴк
һİҹɵ㶵ĸоȫ֪Լ˵ʲôг˸ж֮⣬Ҳ֪Ӧʲôˡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷͻȻԼһӵĸо
鼫ãһ˻ԶҸһ
ͺֻѾˡ
ӵһİҹϵĶԽСģŪĬͶĺӡ
˵˺ӣĬ飬ôˣûüİҹʲôʵˡ
ˣҹͻˣ
Ĭ飬İҹȻҲҪĬ˵
Ѿˡİҹ˵˴в¶ƵĹâҿԱ
죡
ȻѾˣ
˵һ㣬ĬҲƲסŨŨľȣҲû뵽İҹȻһӳƵ졣ĬΪԼͻƵٶҲѾܿˣǺİҹôһԱȣ̫ࡣ
ôҹʵǺÿ찡
ĬȵİҹҲЦˣص˵ĬԴһСɵϣҲʵ֮ҪôͺأžǲϴٽİҹĶΪӺͺӣҪøǿС
İҹô˵ĬѾ˸ж΢΢ͷҹãҺͺ֮Ϳˡ
ĬޱΣžİҹ˵ˡ
뵽֮ǰħߵİҹﻹǻƲסصġ
ĬħߣǻҪ취
İҹ˵飬ĬͰˡ
΢΢ħߵǸϡ
İҹлһĨȻĬ֮ǰħʱɫ̫ڵǸʱİҹоѾȻĬ⻰ֱӾ֤еĲ²⡣
ͺãħ֪ôõȻһٵҲܡ
ĬȴǲЦˣԶվߣҲ̫ڽš
ҹҴȥ濴ɣ
ĬǰһͺһӺòҵԼϲߣھͿʼȲذԼ߷õѿ
ĬģİҹҲһĨȻ
ãһԽҲû뵽Ȼô
ĬϻŨŨĽصصͷȻȻҲ㿴ˡ
˵ʱ䣬ĬѾİҹ
˵İҹǳĬ֮еĵһˣȻССĬޣΧ֮ڡ
İҹ֮ҲɱһСظˣѾһ̣˾ȡ
벻澹ȻĻ档
԰ҵһνʱҲؾȵˣֱ˵Դˣ̫ãҪһֱ뷨
˵С˫ۣǰһоԼ˵ζһʱԼķ䣬ȻǿĬϤա
ˣ㣡̫ˣ
ӭ˹Сһİҹһţ͵Сûأ˵Ĭ۵Ǹ˻Լ
ǱܵĵĬǰ棬˳ֹСĬܽӴ


634 ۣ2
СҲ΢΢һ㶣û뵽Ȼʱİҹ
ʱСҲͣȻ˵Ҫ˾Ĭˡ
ˣ
Ĭһİҹĺ˳ȥСڴ⣬жЩˣţҽǣЦЦڸоΣ
˵ԼʵСҲ¶ŨŨĽɫһתĬǰչʾһˣ㿴Ѿڰβˣ
βȵھβ֮󣬾ΪԲʱ
СѾаƯĳβֲͣСһ˳ĬҲͷΪСоˡ
ڶѾβˡ
õĬĿ佱ҲС㡣
ˣǳ棬ò˶ʱ䣬ҾͿԳھβ֮ͣһᱣ㻹Сˣ
ĬҲ˸жҲԼ벻飬ƺһϰԼøǿɣΪܹ֮ػĬĬĺӡ
һϣͿԱĬжˡ
ǼСˡ
ЩȻСҲһʱ˹
ˣ
ȷֻСĬŨŨľϲСҲ⡣
һʱ䲻Сǳ˺ܶ࣬ԭǸɰССޣȻһӳˣһʮƫƫСꡣ
ĬһӶֲŵĸоС̣㳤ˣ
Ĭôһ˵СҲһ죬˲亦ˡ
һɬؿĬˣҳˣǲѿ㶼ʶˡ
ȷҪĬ֪еľǼˣ治Сһӳôࡣ
ЦЦҲһһ˲˲ضС̡
ҿС̣ôһӱҴˣ
СģСҲˣǸǸµС̫ܳ죬һӶԼ˲ϴѹ˵ĸоĶǲİ
СôţСԽ˼ˡ
Ҳ벻Լһӱôˡ
ϴ̣㲻ҪҰС¶һĨģƺĵĻᱻС굱ɲʶˣֺõСģǳô࣬ƺǺ֮ǰûʲôرı仯
Ĭɳ˳ǣòϣС̡
ССһʱ仹ǱȽϾõģȻҲܹʱС̸ϳʵֲŵĸоҲֻѡš
һС̵ļ򣬡ҿ˵ôһӳôˣ֮ȥŵ϶ϲ㣡
Ҳ֪ʱͱģˡ
޹ǶЩĲȥСˡ
ѽֻǾ̫ˣʵҲͦõģ
һС궼˼˵ʲôȻ浣ĻС̸ŵˡ
İҹ뵽ʲô˵ӦǺйأװΪᣬʵͺܲװĳɳӦǺʵһʵԽǿͻԵøӳ졣
͵Ҳнˣ˵С̵ʵøǿ
Ĭ鼫ΪߵСһﶼɳô࣬аο˺ܶࡣ
תͷİҹҹ㿴С̺Сһӳɳô࣬к̶ܴ϶йأĬһ͵ʵзǳΪһ㣬Կ˻ڿ
ʵһžĬ˵İҹҲѾܵвһĵط
벻Ч
İҹһ⵹ҲǷǳ棬֮ǰ֪ǳ˲𣬵벻滹İء
԰԰Ժǿʵкܴİ
⻰˵Ĳ֮Զһĵط
Ҳ֪İҹ뵽ʲô飬ɫԽأǼȻҲʲô⣬ٶ༸֪еͲòõˡ
ƥﻳ֪ĬıʱĬƱػܴ鷳
УĬòҪ̫֪Ȼ˭ҲԷʲôˣ֮ͲֻħҪкܶ˶֮ġ
ʵİҹ⻰˵ǰⶼûУҲ֮ǰİĬ˵ĻУĬֻҪǶԴкô飬֮ʲôˡ
һϣǼﶼǳģĬһʱ嶯ͱ˸ˡ


635 ֮ܳգ1
ڶ졣
᳤Ѿ찲źĬǼܳϵļ档
ȵĬǼʱ򣬻᳤ҲǵǱˣó᳤ȷǺż̫ˣڹˣҾ˵һ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʵڵҲѾˣǻ᳤˵Ҳ
Ѿܳ˵ˣͬȥҪô£ԼɣҲ˵
һʱ˼ʵ˵׻᳤жĬǼҲûбܴϣĬϻ˵ʲô취ھʧˣи˵ʲôϣˡ
ĬǶͬˣ᳤Ȼˮ
Ĭ΢΢ͷãʲô飬ȵǼ֮ܳٽһϸ˵
᳤ĬǼ͵ܳסıԺָָǰķ򣬡ǰܳסĵطˣϲ˴ţҲܽȥ˼ңҾͰ͵ɣԼȥɡ
˵Ż᳤Ĳ׼Ǽˡ
Ĭ໥һۣȻѾߵһȻܰ;ϣûеõ𰸾뿪ԲǼΪ˴ĵķʽ
İҹͷİĬм䣬˾ͺǶγͳһ׼һ뿪
ĬǼ߽ԺʱܳϾѾע⵽ǵ١
΢΢ˣ
ܳҲڴѾǵ˺ܾˡ
ĬǼôȥʱ򣬷ﴫ˵ƵȻѾˣαػɣͷӴͲ𣡡
ܳ⻰Ǽﻹ˵ʲôģһжѾǴ򶨺⣬˵Ǽٵġ
ĬһҪԵġ
ĴŴ汻򿪣ܳǼˡ
Ĭ΢΢šüģָоҪϢζԽˣλܳϵʲôͷԶԷ׶Ը
ȻóܳϽҪ˾ֻĬһҪŵʱԸоһϮİҹͺİ˱ȥֿ˲䣬Ĵűϣ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ԾܳƺõģȻҲ
Ĭ
űϣȻûܹţǱͷӸƭˣ
쵰
ͷǽȥ
Ȼα꣬ܳϰѷ´򿪡
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣ˵ҰɣҺܿͳˣһ֮ûг취ĻĬȻûֱ˵ˣȻҲĬ˵
ã㣡
İҹеĬİΣҲ˵ٶ඼ûʲôãúõر֮ĬĬκΣգǵһʱȥ
ȻѾİҹһ£ĬҲ˵ڿаοԼô˵滹ڵԼ̫ڵġ
һķȥ
ˡܳϬ⿴Ĭ䵽ĬУܾûëȻ
Ĭ֪ԼôԼһεЦݣܳϣҹ㣬˼õˡ
˲ûж˵ʲô˫ۣģͺһûκһ
ҵˣڵȵˣǧ˰ɡ
Ĭסˣλܳ˵ʲôôܻˡ
ϵЦԽӲܳϣںҿЦɣôܻˣ
Ȼɫ쳣࣬ʲôڿЦĺۼԽ͸Ĭеġ
˵ĿⶢĬ۾ͺҪĬϿһģĬҪϴӳȥĸо
˵ʲôܳϣ㲻ҪڿЦˣħɣռܳϵ壬Ҫʲô
Ĭһȣɫ࣬ȻԽӣԽʾ˿ĬеĽź͵ġ
ܳ˿ΪرĬ˵ħʱԻһĨ
ħ壡Ǻǣħʲô
ƺǸоԼģĬǰһԽܿܳǻָ֮ǰûʲôģǺǣˣڰˣܿģܿҾͻҡ
ĬһܵҪܶԷǺͺǱʲôݺݵסô˵
ţ־壬ģȻм仹һ˿ȡ


636 ֮ܳգ2
İҹͺİȴֻվ棬дŶĬĵģһȴʲôˡ
İһԭȥⶼ֪˶ˡ
찡ĬôûгͷӲҪĬʲô°ɣ
ǾҪοԼƽһ뵽Ĭһħ͸ƽ
İҹкγǲģһۺİ㲻ҪˣĬûµģٵһ£
ԽʱİҹԽҪ侲ĬڵԼš
İİҹ侲ģ벻ˡ
İҹĬӣﻹĺӣôܲţ
İ˵Ļİҹγ᲻ףϺİԽż飬͸ӶԱֳ̿İҹĵ֮ɫ
Ϊһ᲻ĲţңǵĽʲôã籣ֺþ񣬵ȻһʱȥҾԲκ˺ĬҵӣҺӵĸף
İҹޱɫӷǺİ˵ˣҲףʱİҹеѹԲκ٣İҹȴʱܹ侲ܺõӦԺһУȷĵط
ҵ⣬Բ𣡡İԼӦðнŵİҹй˭ҲȶԷгܵѹС
İҹҲͺİƽЩ飬ףİҲڵĬˣ˶Ǻõġ
ǰĺİļİҹ΢Ҳûʲô춯Ĭûʲô⡣
ӦöĬ༸ģĬµġ
֪ôģİȻԼǱİҹο˵вţһжġ
ԣĬʵǿǸͷҪ۸ĬҲҪǲʵ
İȻǺԸϣǱһʵĬʵԼ֮ϣĬҲԸͷʱȥֻΪĬߵ׸
뵽һ㣬İҲܲܣս˫ȭԽᶨһҪԼʵ
İ룬ԼⱲܹٴĬʹܱĬİΣɡ
ԭİĬ֮ǰ˵ȥΪܹԼʵİҲ˳ı⣬ҪŬǿڵʲôֶΣҲѾôҪˡ
ȴʱģվʲôˣİһСŮ˽ȥЩδ֪ΣգҲǷǳӡ
Ĭ浽׻ʲôһ㶼֪˵Ļǵġ
İҹͺİ˶ѾȲȥˣ˶һۣͬ˵еĴ𰸡

ȥȷĬİΣС
Ȼ˰ҿĴŴ汻򿪣Ĭ滺˳
Ĭô
ͬ˼ͬһʱ嵽ĬߣϸһȷĬûˣ΢΢һ
ĬɫЩƣûκβһĵطû⡣
İҹͺİ˹ĵ⣬Ĭ΢΢Ī飬Ҷ˵Ŀ⡣Ĭ΢΢ҡͷİɣֻеˣûʲô⡣
˸ỳĬ⻰٣ǿĬһƣɫףʱǶûҪȥĬ⡣
ܳΣȫͲҪĵ顣ΨһֻĬ
ãǾͻȥϢ
İҹǰһסĬƣüĲɺݺݵĶǶĬۡ
İҲͷԶԶԣǻȥϢһ°ɣһжģʲô鶼ûУ
˲ǸոմܳϵԺֱ߳һŵĻ᳤ĬǼ˳ǹģ蹫ӣܳϵΣ
᳤ĺףǼ˶ĬΪףѯĬ϶û⡣
ʵҲˣǼмҲֻĬһ֪ڻ᳤ʲô
İɫǺܺÿȫù˼ɻ᳤飬ֱ˹ȥ
ûĬںʲô鲻ܵȻ˵ģ
᳤ҲͷǸǣ⻹Ҳԣ蹫ȥϢɡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ͵ҩʦЭùϵȻѾˣܻܲһӡ󣬵ʱҪǰæͲôˡ
ģû¡Ĭ΢᳤İɣܳѾûʲô⣬ΪͻȻͻԲŻŴңѾƽˣԷġ


637 ֮ܳգ3
Ż᳤ԼҲ벻ȻΪԭҲ˵ܳϵľõܳΪ½ʵǿˣʱҩʦЭȻҲΪܳϵܸõĴ
᳤һóΪܳϵͻƸеˡ
ܳʵЭ˵һѾѸľԼʵ棬һ£ܳǲЭĹܳϵͻƲӰ쵽᳤Ȩ
෴ǣΪܳʵͻˣ᳤ܹϵõĺôá
úúãܳûʲôͺã蹫εлˣȥϢǺ˵
᳤ῴĬ۾ڷ⣬϶Ĭʵ
ܳϵЭȻҲѾ˲ٰ취ȴûһܹóģǲѶѾѡˡĬĳǸЭµϣţֻҪĬڣиĺô
ĬľˣһҲٶ˵ʲôŻ᳤˵ͷǻ᳤ǾһҪʲô˵
Ի᳤Ҫ˵Щʲôģ᳤ǺܿöɫĬ״̬Ϊ˾ܳϻ˲Ѫڻƣ᳤ǿȰĬһԱ˻ֱ
᳤ͷɫ϶ʲôӰĬ
ã蹫ӣȺúϢúϢ
Ĭط䣬Ѿ˵ʲôģİҹ˵ͷͻط˯ˡ
űϣͽվڷ棬㿴ңҿ㣬˭ҲҲһʵԡǳȥɡ
ǵ˵Ĭߵ棬˵ҲᳳĬϢ
İлŨŨĽţȻһŲĬģ
İҹûиоղĬʱ״̬Ǻܶԡ
İע⵽飬İҹ͸Ӳûзˣݺݵšüģ̫˰ɣǵϢ˵顣
İҹ⻰ҲһǶϰο˺İ浣ٶҲûһôĬ֪ˡ
ֻܰϣĬʲô鶼ûС
ȷ˶ѾԶˣԭһƣĬͻȻ˫ۣϬɫޱȣһ㶼ʲôģ
Ĭ̧˫ۣĿ⿴ĵǵģ΢΢ɫ࣬ɫĻ棬ůů¶˲ɸоһ𣬺
޼
ĬɫӣԼȻʱ޼ɫ״̬޼𣬿Էյһ硣
޼𣬴žǴ˹ͬϵĻ档
޼յһиаĶһ磻ȴ޼磬õһͳͳջ٣ʲô£
Ĭ΢΢ͷգ֪ԼʱӦʲôۺۡ
˭ԺһƬհס
ƺһذĬ
ӣˣӦúúϢˡ
дһָûа취ѿĹƻĬͳͳ£ʲô룬ֻҪúõİ˯һͺá
˯һʲô鶼ˡ
ȻһĶԴֶΣǶʱĬԣȴõķʽʲô룬ֻҪر˫ۣ֮󳹵׷ſԼ
ȵĬһ˯ѣѾһ֮顣
Ȼ˯һһҹû˸ҹĬϢİҹͺİ˵ĲѣȴҲֻĬ˯ҲͼҪĬ˯нѣȴһ㷴ӦûС
ĬƺѾرȫͶ뵽״̬ȥڿóŶεҲźܺõЧԿĬϵɫԽˣǶܿĬʵҲ˯в
ĬַͻƣѾԽļޣԽԽÿ˯ŵŮһ㣬һضְϢ
İҹ˵Ĭ׻ʲôʱѹǺ뿴ʲôӡ
İⵣģһĪľ֣֪ôĿʼģȵĬһ֮еͳͳǣİҹʶˡ
ʵǺİĵģİҹҲ뷨
İҹǿԼһǵŰɣͿˣĬþԼ˯ȥ֪ڵ
ĬӺվ΢΢˵𣡡


638 ѣ1
žҲû뵽ĬȻôѹĬϢ֮ɫҲúÿ˺ܶ࣬һɨüеƣҲܷĲ١
İҹȿڣĬںһ𣡡
Ĭ϶صͷ΢΢İɣѾˣǵˡ
ֻҪû¾ͺã֮ǰɫѿܳǱ߳ʲô⣿֮ǰİҹûпڣǵĬ壬ڿȻҲ֮˳
Ĭɫ΢΢˱䣬۵׻һĨӵ⣬ȻһĬԼҲ֪Ҫôǰ˽֮ǰڱԺ淢
ĬһΪѵɫǰҲһѵǷʲôԤϵ飬Ĭ˵ֻӵġ
ĬȻҲ֪˵һк˼룬ʱ͸Ӳˡ
ʵҲĲ̫Ҫ飬Ǹҽڷ˵ɡ
ĬɿڣԱ˲صһֻҪĬԸ⿪˵ͺá
С鷿ҲֻĬİҹͺİˣҲĬڻشʱ
ܳϲħ壬ʵͻƵõ˻ԵɺϣȻܹ֪ǧǰ׷ʲôǴ̫󣬵¾ңΪԼĻŻĬԻش𣬲емֵġ
ĬԲûае鶼˵ٵ˵ǲŻǸš
ܳմȾħħԼɣΪԴħͬͺһʽˣЩЩ
Ĭתתĵ׺ǵõһ˿ʲôʲôħмʲôֻҪԼúãֺαҪЩ
ͺЩѧЩ֮䲢̫󲻹ԼҪߵĵ·ˡ
Ӣ۲ʳ˵ľ
ĬҲ룬ǲǶԱ˵Ҫ̫ϸô
ĬͻȻĳĬ˸ͿĬﵽʲôвһʱĬվǰô˲䣬ǾȻԼԽԽԶˡ
İҹҲĿֻţҪĬĽŲ
Ĭ
Ĭ˼İҹϣǰ쳣ŵ⣬ȻԼӦʱЩ߰顣
Ĭһˣҵ⣬ҲӦôࡣһԷģϣƳˮܳΪħɵˣܿͻġ
Ĭ⻰Ҳ˵ˮĶԶԿħкܴã
ãĬѾˮˣ̫ˣ֮ٴζħҲ˼ֵİһܸܵĬĲϽͣͲǰò˶ã׷Ĭˡ
һᷴİҹﲻǺİֹۣϸĬܾĬʲô鲢ûиǡ
ȻȻĬʱԸ˵ڵģǾĬ˵ǲ˵
һеôˣ
ĬһҪһ£İҹҲ
ѵÿİôģĬҲһĸɫ࣬İʲôֱ˵ɣǶأ
ĬŵģİЩ˼ˡ
ĬýţʲôرҪ飬ҾҪǣҪȥ֮ǰĬ㲻˵ˣ㣬ǳʺҵʵǲȥİҹҲˣߣҲġ
һ仰ȻǺİĬ˵ġ
ԭİҪȥʵⷽ棬ĬȻǶ֧֡
ãȻû⣬ҵ߲˱Ĭûа취Լڵʵ˵ףֻԼ˵ڣֻŵˡ
Ĭ϶ĿתİҹҹҪҪҲһȥһû⣬ҵˣЩħûа취ң
ɫȻ
Ĭ⻰һİҹûκλɣ֮ǰмĬϵʱɫȽɫѾ䵭˺ܶ࣬עĻͿеɫ
ҲȥҪ㣬ǵĺӡ
ԭĬҪ˵İҹһһӣ˲Ĭˣܰİҹ뿴ӵȨ
΢΢УҹİС


639 ѣ2
ĬжԽԽֻҪԼõ飬ֱӾȥҪ̫ԥֻҪȥԼϲͺá
ѺİͽУһǶһˣʣĬİҹˡ
İҹǰһʵͻƳصһʱҩѰĬҺʲô鶼ûУȻİҹһӶܷŹԼ
ֻһİҹҲԼе˼һѰĬһ§УǵصصĬȫ˵ʲôĻᡣ
ڣİҹֻһ뷨Ƕô˼ĬǺ޲ðĬһԼĹ˾ͿԶֿ
Ĭܹܵİҹе˼ֺγ˼ˣﺢӵĸףⱲҪˡ
һǽ
Ƕ֪˶ãͺǹȥһһ޲ֲͨķʽԷ˵Լеĸ顣
ƵĬĶ𣬡Ĭˡ
ĬȻҲҪ϶ĻشҲ롣
ǾʱĬͻȻԼĺǱʲôصסһ˵ɬɬģֻͷ
Ĭ˫§סİҹĲӣҪַͨʽİҹ˵Լж˵˼
СŮ˲ǺգһԼҹҲ㣬ǵĺҲ㡣
ĬСĻشİҹֻԼһĶˣȻ̫಻飬ֻҪĬߣоûκź
ԲԺ󶼲뿪㣬һԶߣһҲֿ
ĬһʹֺγôģȻҲҪİҹԶһ
Ĭ΢΢ֻǾֻԼҪİҹԶһĹ
ЩĬԸȥ̫࣬ΪĶˣ׾ۣԼ֪δᷢʲô飬ֻԸҶܺúõġ
ֻĬҲһ϶Ļش𣬡ģǻԶһ𣬲ܷʲô飬ûа취Ƿֿ
ĬѾ¶˾ģΪһҸҲ᲻ŬҲ죬˶ʤ죡
İҹ֪Ĭ飬СŮ˾ϣƾԼʵȥе飬ñ˵ġĬףԽԽİҹзĲ¡
ĬҪǵãʱǨҶߣܶ˶
Ĭ΢΢Ȼİҹ⻰е˼ҪԼ˵滰̾һڿ˫ֻסİҹůůģ׾ô֮κ鶼ֿܰ
ҹһҲˣȫǸô찡
Ĭ΢΢ȥеĵģһԼƲסԼ
İҹȴǲЦˣ§סǰСŮˣҪԼеůͳͳַʽǰСŮˡ
ʲôģ㶼ҵĬ𣬵ȵǸʱҲ˰ɣһСɵϡ
İҹĳںܶܶ鶼ѹĬϣѰˮһжҪĬԼȥɣֻԱ߿ţʲôˣҲﲻǡ
ЩϣѾ㹻Ĭѹء
İҹظĬĺ󱳣ҪĬ
ĬֻһˣҪһصԼϣ̫ˣ᲻áֻأҪһ׵ϴһָƽ
İҹʱҲ˺ܶ࣬ʶΪħǿµģǲŵģǻħҲˡ
ξħӮˣռֻʲôĽֻҪħһӣҲڻ˸Ͼɱ
Եȵħռ֮Ľǻһͳ˰ˡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣벻İҹȻĸֻҪΪڽǲãѾҪˡ
ҹã
Ĭòϣİҹ⻰֮з²صΣֻҪԼ˲ܴʲôϵ
ֻأȵֻһܣֻһ硣
ȵǸʱĬҲʧˡ
òϣںܶʱĬİҹܹ֮ôʱﻹԽԷԽϲںܶʱ˵˼붼ǹͨġĬ뵽飬İҹѴ֮Ҳ⣬ĬҲܶİҹ롣
˵ദģʽĽѣκ˶ûа취谭ġ


640 ᳤ĸж1
ȵĬϢϣڶٴ߳ԼСԺ᳤һ׼˸ֶſڵǳǴһϣͿԿԺǵĳ⡣
蹫ӣİӣλϺá
ͻȻϻ᳤ô˵ʱ򣬷Ĭİҹ˶ЩӦˡ
֮ǰ᳤Ȼ̬ȷǳͰǵȻҲһ鶼Ѿˣ᳤̬ȷӺˣͲòĬǼˣмǲǳʲô⡣
Ĭɫ䣬侲ĶŻ᳤ͷʾ⡣
᳤Ѿ˺ܾˣʲô飡
İҹԴӺĬһ֮Ҳ˺ܶ࣬һƵĬ飬ҲԼŮκ⡣
䵽᳤ϣʲôҪ飬ѵ㡣
İҹ˿δ˿̲ô飬Ѿǵ᳤ָûо֮꣬ǵò͡
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣȻ֪İҹȻϬʱžĬЩϰˡ
İҹϧԼű˵˵Щ׻Щá
ĬڣŻ᳤˵ͷ£᳤⣬ҹƢʲôǷǳҪ飬ù˵ɡ
ȻòϣĬ⻰Ǳİҹ˵ί˺ܶ࣬ûʲôοֵʵҲǺİҹһ˼ԼòͱȽҪ
ĬİҹĴǻ᳤ߵ˶Ҫȥˣֵƾʲô
Ҫ̫֣
Ĭ΢΢ü䵽᳤߸ŵС̣Ҳǻ᳤˼ˣ
֣Ǻܹ
Ǻǣ᳤ǵĴ֮ĻҾ֮Ҳûʲô˵ˡҹ߰ɡ
ĬԸضԴˣԲʾ˿ԴԼѾĬҲһҪסҩʦЭ᲻ţǽҲЭǷģ
Ĭģˡ
᳤ﻹҪôȥֺĬڵǺˣ黹û˵꣬ĬѾˣ͸Ӳ˵
蹫ӣİӣⶼᣬǲҪСͽܲ£ǲҪɪλӵǸ᳤ҪһưѽɪȥûпھֺĬǣ
ڵǺˣ֮ǰò׽ĺøжǱɪСһ仰ˡ
ĬΪЭ϶᳤ɪ˼ˡ
ԽɪвʣӲҲΪԼʦ򱧲ƽڷǿʼԼ
ɪĶǲģҲǿˣʱԼʲôùĻԼֻܵͷĬǵǸԲҵ⣬صǸ
ĬȻһС˵ĵǸǻ᳤̬ȣȷ᳤ǵҲ˺ܶࡣ
΢΢ˣԺǵýУξ˰ɡ
ĬĲ׼׷ˣ᳤ҲĲ٣ͷСˣ蹫Ӳ׼ƽô࣬蹫˵лл
ɪҲ벻ףΪʲô˳ԼʦĬ˵лллл蹫Ӳƽϡ
̬ȾͲرˣĬҲ⣬ڸİҹȥԷ
Ĭ΢΢ͷתͷİҹҹȥԷɡ
׼뿪᳤Ǻ֪طӦڹΪʲ顣
蹫ӣİӣѾǰĿΪλ׼ţϣλӸһӡ
ػ᳤¶˵ˣԿ᳤Ĭ̶ȡ
Ĭ΢һİҹãǾ鷳᳤ˡ
ʳ޲
ʱֵ쾡£óĬİҹڳԷʱ򶼲׼˵ʲô֮ĶţԲһ˼ҿꡣ
᳤һѾԽ϶Ĭİҹ˵ݡ
кüλ᳤ҪںĬ˵Ǹ˻ȥҲĸסˡ
λӣڿǹˡ
᳤ʵ
Ĭ˲ͣҡͷӡ
İҹҲǵͷ϶
ȷˣ᳤ǻѶߡ
ˣ᳤֮ǰʲô飬ֱ˵ɡ
ڳԱ㣬ĬҲ˺ܶ࣬ȻʱҪ᳤еɻ󣬲ȻƶҪ˰ɡ
Ĭɿڣ᳤ϲüҡ


641 ᳤ĸж2
ԼΪʲô飬᳤ҲǿԺݺݵһץסѯʡ
蹫ӣҪлİæܳѾȬˣѾܳϣܳϻһҪúøл㣡ȻһҪΪ֮ǰ׵ΪǸϣ蹫ӲҪмǹҡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷ᳤ˣⲢֻҪܳ¾ͺá
ʱ򣬾ͿԿĬǫѷĵطĬ̬ȣ᳤ҲɷĲ٣ĬҲܾЭĸм
ЭǷ蹫ӵģ˺ܾã蹫Ҳȱʲôǵһ⣬ϣ蹫ӲҪ
˵Ż᳤һƽĬ
Ĭ΢΢üûʲôҪȻǻ᳤ĶֲɵﲻҪأ
Ĭ˳ƽӹ᳤͹ƣ浤ҩʦЭĻ¾ͷǳԣĬдҲѾµƵá
ӦǴЭһݣƵܹܹںܶطõôɡ
ȻĬһ
蹫ӣһСС⣬ЭϵƣֻҪƣֻҪǺ͵ҩʦЭйصĵطõĴ㿴ʲôֱӴ߱ǡ
ߵĴܶȨ޾᳤һУȴһ㶼۵ظĬ
Ȼ취ƸĬҸߵĴѾǻ᳤һܹ顣һЭ¶һͨ飬ֻҪܹ£ĬĺôֻӶࡣ
һĬҲˣ˻᳤л񣬵ͷãöҾˣԺЭʲôҪҰæģĬҲᾡΪ
õĽʽ
ĬмԿ϶
Ĭ˵ƣ᳤и˲ѣǷǵĬԸƣЭȻҲûа취ĬϹϵ
úúãȻòˣЭǳл蹫
֮ĬǺͻ᳤˵һЩ飬ȻЩѾôҪˡ
ȵ˫ø飬ȻҲĬӦøǵʱ
᳤Ѿһ䣬Ҳ飬챻ħߵлһ͵Эᡣ
ȷĬħߵĬ˵ҪȻѾЭ޹ϵڳŵͻЭᣬҲʲô⡣
֮ϲ
᳤ǰһ벻ĬȻôãֻͬæȥ׷ԸͻЭᣬȻǻ᳤ô벻ľϲˡ
⼤Ŀԣ蹫ӮĽƷЭ˼ûģ
᳤ȻмӻǷǳѣףʲôԼõģʲôӦòֵġ
ϻ᳤СģĬЦˣˣиʺԼʹõ¯ͻظЭõĽ
ĬӦô˵ˣóĬģ᳤Խˡ
úúãĻ̫ˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷ᳤ҲѾﵢ˺ܳһʱ䣬Ҳ߶ˡ
׼˵˼
᳤һǺĬһʱ䣬һ뵽Ĭϵ飬ȻҲö
ã蹫־ķԤףλһ˳
᳤һλӲϢһգΪλС
ߣ᳤кܶ鶼ȻϣĬܹӺ뿪ʱ䡣
ܳϿ϶Ҳ뵱蹫ӱʾл⡣
Ĭİҹ˶һۣȻвòϣҲƽһʱ䣬Ȼ᳤ô˵ˣȻͬסһ졣
ãǾҪͻ᳤ˣ뿪
úúãõĽ
᳤ҲǸˡλûʲô飬ڵҩǹ䣬ǵҩǻкܶ˼Ķ
ãá
Ĭİҹ˿㣬Ȼ׼뿪ȻʱҲ׼ȥתת߳ЭԶӭ˹
ˣ
ϤĬǺ֪طӦȻǰѵˣϵŵģСһһǵĻˡ
Բ㵣ˡ
ֻҪĬúõģҲͿԷˣҲͲϡ
ˣû¾ͺãİҹͺİߣҽȥЭᣬֻˡ
ǿ˵ȻУ鲻ˬȻҲȥݺݵŰһѳеĶԣⵤҩǵΰǺ˺ܶࡣ


642 1
Ĭл⣬ǵûаѻ˵̫ףĬѾ֪ˡص˵㵭ԴˣһǻȥŪˣʲô룬ڳйɡ
˵ĬǸŮӣںܶ෽һ㶼Ůˡͱ˵ŮϲֶŵĬϣƳ˸о֮ᷳ⣬ûʲôˡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷʱİҹߣ񲻹ʲô飬˶
İҹҲĪӦԼĬһҲѾкܳһʱ䣬ƺû͹Ĭʲô˵ʧ
ĬȥʲôҪĶ˳һ¡
ѽ䣬ҹҲûһ֣ᣬһ䣬ʲôҪģֱӺ˵
ͬʱĬ鶼Ǻİҹһģ˴˶ǰѶԷһǳҪλãһ֮󣬵һʱķӦҪöԷԷҪĶ
Ǹ÷ʽɡ
Ĭипһ˲һЦ
ס˫ۣʱʱ򰡣ֱǱĬİҹֳ֮ɫݵദģʽݺݵŰˡ
ȥͦŰĵģǵȴǿƲסҪֳԼĸˣʵĬ̫ˣܹһ𣬲˭˶ϣܹúãܹԶҸһ
˹֣ԶԶؿȥĬŮװĻԾһڵҸҸչ¶ķ棬˸ֲ˵Ҹ
ҲҺĬγһֱľװҪѰĬϢҲ˺ͺܶ࣬Ȼǲ֪ԼҪȥѰĬӰ
ζ㱳һҪھʱҵĬȻٵΣҲԽ󣬶кҪʲô
֮ǰѾ˵Ĭ֣һĬĹڵҩҩʦıлʤϢ֮󣬣мѾڵһʱһĬ
ȻȵҩǣĬסڵҩʦЭᣬЭɲһ˶ܽȥģԶҲֻܵż
㲻ǰһĿĬӰˣ
Ĭ㣬̫ˣҵˣ
ôĬҲ΢΢һ㶣Ҳû뵽ٴμ㡣óĬ黹Ǻܲġ
㣬ôҲҩˣĬǰһס֣Դϴ֮ңĬûмˡ
ҵˣĬγΪ㣡ңϣȥһʱ֮䶫Ҳ˵Ƿʲô͸ϣĬܺһI
ڶУֻҪĬߣʲô鶼ûУ԰뿴ĻĬǴĵҲи
⻰ĬɸһģʲôˣһûܵΣգҹȥ
İҹɺݺݵһ飬ǴջĬദʱ䡣
Ĭ㲻Ҫģú˵
Ȼ׾ĬԸ֪鷢Ͱ
ȻԼͻȻ֣ں̶ܴϴŵĬİҹ˵ϢҲ¶һĨǸɫ
ĬҪҸط˵ɡ
ôˣҲ˼˵飬Ĭл⣬ͷͬ⣬ãǰиݣȥǱ˵ɡ
ݡ
Ĭһһİ£ʱ˵ˡ
ˣﰲȫˣ˵˵󵽵׷ʲô飬֮ǰǺúõôһӾŪô飡
Ĭɫ࣬ûôʱȥħѾԽԽǿ󣬺ҪٵѹҲֻԽԽ
һ֮ǰ˵һ顣
ڻãֻǵʱ֣ҪĬص󣬻һҪҵǸ춨֮ˣֻ磡
ڶ˵Ǹԣгذ˵ľѰ֮ˣĬ֮ǰţʱûзϣȴҲǲòˡ
ã㣬˵Ѿ֪ˣ㲻ýţĺܺãֻҪȥͺãҲö롣
ǵһʱ䣬ĬѾ˽취ҲǺ˾塣
ӷɶ㲻ǺĬ⻰˼׼ôǲӦھǸ춨֮ˡ


643 2
Ĭ΢΢һЦɵҲǱɻı鶺Цˣɫ棬ҾǸ춨֮ˣǻ𣡡
ÿһַֿ㶼ףϵһȻַӦĸоҲ˵ĬҪȥҵˣ
Ĭ壡
ǷӦˣǵһȴַǳŵĸо
֮ǰô࣬Ūʵǰ׵һʵѰҵǸ˾ǰ
ָоʵ̫ˡ
ڶǳеϣĬԼһ϶ĻشҲԺݺݵһ
ĬһƺѾµ˶룬˵ͷİɣʲôʱƭأ
ǰĬǿЦҲԲ鿪Цһѳƣе鶼ǵķǳ
һɣ̫ˣҵˡ
Ĭᣬĵ˵㶫ļǳöСֻһۿɼٶȷ죬Ʋס٣ǺϲĬ
Ĭ
εεҼ˶ϲǶģŮӰɣĬϲǸˣҲϲ͵ġ
Ĭ϶ĵͷ§סļ򣬡ͷİɣԺʲôҿţ㲻õġ
ģֱҪ˸
֪˹ľĬͶ˲һԣİҹվм䣬Ǹ۵򰡣
İҹݺݵس˳ǣĬӻŶã
ȻȻĬûԾԣڿŮ֮󣬼ʶͻͷųѱ˸ס
ȿȡİҹַʽĬӦעһ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣Ȼˣ¶һĨΣջطڶϵĸ첲ͻȻܶʹΣܶҲǺ˽⡣Լȥöᡣ
лһĨĪʧ䣬Ĭǰ˻ȥǲʲô뷨
İҹĬ˶һۣڱ˴пһ˿Ρ
ðɣĬ΢΢̯֣ԼӦÿŮӾͿƲסȥˣھҪ˵Ůӵˡ
İҹסĬĸ첲Щ黹˵ȽϺá
һ֪ܲҺĬѾˣǳ׵ʱŵ˽ȥҲλãԺźûμǵĻ񡣡
طǶݺݵסˣĬȻİҹĳˣ
֮ǰĬİҹ֮ĹϵͷǳãѾͨѵĽޣѾ֮Ĺϵ˴ҵȻףˣвǺܿθ飬ȻǾȻĳˣһˣ
ڶԸţԭЩԳԽһУֻҪͶԷһôʲô鶼ýźͺ£
ĬŶסı飬ˣӦ㡣
ʵϣĬУûиоԼġ
㣬ҹ˵ĶģѾˡ
⻹ǵĶ᲻İҹĻظһ顣
ԭΪԼ֪Ĭ֮һкܶεĵطȻʵϲûУܺãĬŮһ𣬶в
ĬǺİҹһҲͳͳ֤Ĭİҹһ·ǳĲףȻڳף֮⣬Ѿû뷨
ףǣϲһˣ
һ棬óףߵһ
ģĬҲĲ٣ΪԼһϲһĨᣬ˵Ҳ֪ԼŮɣӦ˵ڻǾĬǸ˲Ŷԡ
Ĭ̾һ㣬һҾбҪ˵һ£ϣ㲻Ҫһֱƭ㡣
ĬΪѵ飬Ҳһѵ˵Ĭʲôûи
˵ɣ֮ôõĵģҲġ
Ŀ϶ôĬûĬߣڶ֪Ǹʲôģ
㣬ʵһֱŮװ
Ĭ϶棬ԲǿЦ
ŮװԣزǶ᲻Ĭ˼һĬľ̫ѾϽŲˡ
ɫסĬĸ첲ԣԣĬʵǸŮˣ
Ʋסش˳һĬûпʲôһĬȻһӱŮˣ


644 3
Ĭ϶ģȻҲⶫ飬һˣһֱΪǸˣǾͺֻһת۵ʱ䣬ԷȻһ˱һŮˣӲ˵мжٲ˼ĵط
Ĭ϶ĵͷǸ֮ǰΪЩ鲻òŮװƭҺܱǸ
̫ϲĬĬ˼ֻҪĬúõľͺá
ѣֲΪĬǸ˻ǸŮ˲ܳΪѡ
˵ǸӦǣǶ㵱ˣĬǸŮӿһҪٰһˣм϶Ҳ˲ٿࡣϳϧ֮飬ǰһסĬļɫ϶ֱĬ̫ˡ
㲻ƭ𣡡
ĬϻһĨɻˣƶܲĬı仯ǵ˶ߣȴǽȻ෴
ǵûĬƭԼ飬ΪĬ˼ĬŮװʵ̫ˡڶ˵⻰ʱĬòϣԼǱݺݵظжˣ벻ġ
㣬лл㣬ллң
Ĭɫ档
ҲкܶαԹԼŮһƯƯģԼҪ顣ȻѾǺܾúܾ֮ǰ飬ʱԶĬ첻ǵԼʱΡ
ĬѾϰװԼﶼһˣû̫Ĳͬ㡣
οĬҸѾ˳ˣҺİҹమò˶ãǵĺҲֱٺòˡ
Ȼ춫İοȴһ̶شĬ
лл
Ĭһ֣µġллЩϰˣһжǷģûʲôòͬ˵ǡ
֮Ҫ˵ʲôллѽ
ԼһʱǱȺУҪԼʥŮ飬ӽĬһЩˣҪǿԼıԣֵһжöܲӦĽǶϣܹĬĲס
İҹҲСŮ֮ɣԼһߣǵĶԻҲǲ
вЩźԭ׼һȥ֣㶫֮󣬿עǲˡ
ˣ㻹ʲôҪĶҳȥһ˰ɡ
ԸԾǽȻǻСһﻵɡڵѾôõʱ䣬ȻѾǳѵˡ
ĬһûʲôرҪģԼȥɡ
ʱƵҲˣǼһֱһ𣬵ʱСС˵ȷǵġ
ĬֱӿˣһϲһֻոմɳȥСҲûκԥʱ䣬ֱӳ˳ȥ
ˣһᵰһܣһ߻ش
֪Ĭкܶܣ۵СкĬˣҲû˿ֵ̫ĵطҲ
Ĭ֮ǰߵǸСŮξȻûп
Ȼ˵ľСˡ
Ĭ⣬΢΢лһĨԳ飬˵СɣʱЦЦСһȥչˣƵȵٴγʱǵʵһǿ˺ܶࡣ
˵СһĬᣬϻһĨͺ˵ԼгϢСһ
ԭ΢΢ͷʾԼˡ
İҹ΢΢˴δĬţֵ̫⣬ҲܺܺýܡĬҲе鶼֪㡣
Ĭľٶİҹз˲٣͵Ĭʲô鶼̫أ֮Ϥϳ˿ͷ
ι׼Ĭ֮ʲôҪ𡣡İҹһ۶㡣
İҹţ㲻һ˵̫ϬеܲİҹĴ
ҪĿľ֮Ѱ֮ˣһ·ֱ֮˵ĬŻҵȻҪĬ߱
ɫ϶Ůӣϲɶ˼ֵġ
Ĭұ֤Ӱ㲻߰ɡ
ŶС΢ģĬ֮ǰ뷨ȰȻҲ϶˵ˡ
Ĭ̾һĻ͸߰ɡ
ĬĿڣȻİҹҲ˵ʲôҲ˽һ׮ĵ飬˶õԼҪĽ


645 Эİ壨1
Ĭκİҹ˳ţٴλصҩʦЭʱǶһò绨Ůˣ᳤ĬƲסкݺݵ̾һȻĬͬ졣
ĬϾͺһĪ֮߾ͻΧɫɫͬˡǾͺǱĬֶеͺ˴һ㣬һע뿪
ЩҲǻ᳤Լ룬ԲᵱĬ˵ĬЭص㽻õĶʲôĵطҪ˵ĬһѣĬٶʮѹ᳤Ҳ⡣
ĬЭᣬȻǷǳбҪͻ᳤к
᳤ҵѣþҵģǾˣ߶һϡ
Ĭô˵ˣ᳤ʲôͬĵطΪĬԸЭеˡ
úúãǸסþסãûʲô⡣ЭỶӭ֮
᳤ԻʲôҪĬһ£Ĭл⣬кİҹŶȥϢԼͻ᳤ߵһߡ
İҹͶĬһĵҪ˵İҹԼĬЭûκκøУЭֳĬģҲ˿ıİҹжЭĿ
ĬȻİҹеĵģͶİҹһ⣬Щǲģһ˳Ȼͺá
İɣȥȥͻء
᳤ҲΣһŪһʮĻһԼҲûжĬʲôֵɣҪʲôҲҪǲʵ
᳤Ĭʵ֮ϣӲ˵ܹĬʲô飬ĬͲ
İӣģֻЩЭڲ⣬Ҫһ蹫ӰˡŻ᳤Ҳ벻ԼȻҲһ죬˹ģ˵κһ֡
ҹİɣȻȥҺܿ͹ǡ
Ĭô˵ˣİҹȻҲֹĬ

Ĭ⿴᳤ôˣһͷ׵ĳߣӦЭǳҪĳһɡ
΢΢üʲô
᳤ΪĬܣʵⲻҲûа취ˣԵĻҲǺôϹŶ᳤ȻЭߣⲢ˵᳤Ȩߵġ
ڻ᳤滹ڶ೤ϣ֮ǰĬܳϾ֮һ
ЩϵȨǱȻ᳤ӴǿԼල᳤ûã᳤ʲôĵطЭ֮󣬿԰ճ᳤ľ᳤νó⣬ͨϻ֮ͬǶ԰˻᳤ѡһˡ
Ȼٷˣһ³϶רעԼϲ飬˵ʵȷ棬ֻҪ᳤ֵ̫飬ľ˳ϡһ£᳤ȫԹһЭᡣ
᳤һЩĳǣҲûţ⣬ǡ
Ȼ᳤˵꣬λԼվ˳ǵģԼһ£Эĳϣ˵СӰͷĲκˣ
⼸λеȻǹܳϵȵҪȥ͸ˣĵֻԼòá
ܳϵĿ˵ǸЩһǳ𺳣ȻκĲҶĲȥ֮ܳʵһܶꡣ
͹һ㣬㹻Щм
Ĭ΢΢Щڴ⣬дҲѾµǵ뷨Լɡ
Ĭ϶ĵͷⱾǷǳ飬ȷκܳϡ
κܳϵң
⻰һ⼸λиԼ˼һܾôŹĬĬվǰ͸һȻҩ¯һֻҪ˵ͨĬҲͶ˺üʮ
˻ϣȥвЭ棬ΪѾЩڵԺԣʵֻʵˣƳõĵҩǵܸ༸ͷҲá
úúãȻӢ۳갡
һͷ໥һۣڶԷпȻɫȻһжѾ⣬첻ĬǾԲݡ
һ᳤վһ߽廰ĻᶼûС
ЩԽ᳤Ҳ͸ӵģĬô򵥡Ǽͱ˵̬ȴ̼ĬֻҪ갡
ȻȺȷĬκ֮ܳһǶǶסĬ첻ĬϵõôǾԲֹͣ
᳤Ҫȥ˵仰ĻᶼûС


646 Эİ壨2
Ĭ⳰Щһһʻֲɵӣ᲻ﵽʲôǲһĨɫ
Ȼ˶˽ģ֪һԼ飬һǷһĸϹ֪Щͷ⣬Ĭʲôĵġ
ֺֻĬȻôܴĬͼõʲôôһϣĬҲغܡ
Ĭ㵽ʲô취κͷĲǲʲôر鵤ҩ
ǰǰ֮ǰͷȫѾϻһҲ飬ͷ˼ʮһ˾񣬿ʲô⡣
Ĭ㵹Ǻ⼸ͷ˵˵ͷǲǳʲôҩǼҲǾͨҩһҲԽһ£һ¾鰡
ǽ飬ҪĬϵõܣҲǶѾôһͣȻ˼˵⻰ƭСӣһŰɡ
᳤ǹһĨЦݣ⼸ͷӾ˺ˣȻỹ֪ʲôģʱ޶ûеطޡ
᳤һʱҲǿˣҲֲ˵ͿĬôʰȺͷˡ
Ĭתתǻ᳤룬ȻױЩϼһƭˡ
ЩҲͲˣʲôֱ˵ɡ
ЩһǸ˾һĬˬģЩ˼ˣҲʡˡ
ĬǰɣǼȻ㶼ô˵ˣǼҲͲˣǼرôκͷӡ
˵죬ûаص˵վԱߵ˼ҶżˣһƿԷˣͷһֱ˵˵⻹˵ɡ
ʵģǿͷ֮󣬾Ȼʵô࣬ǼͷӶҲе⣬ɲҪ㿴ܲܰǵʵҲһ£
ֱǰĬˣ˵Ǹʵʵˡ
˵ĬǲҲҪĬͬͬæ
Ⱥͷڴ⣬Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣ֪ԼȻôĵط
λˣҸǿ϶û⣬ʵҿˡ˵ʵҿ϶һͰԼʵȥˣ˵ǲ
Ĭ⻰˵棬ûκѵ˼ȻشǲЩͷˡ
һǳڴϣܴĬϵõôðԼʵǱȲͷҲܱͷ̫ࡣ
Ĭ⻰˵ţûа취ˡ
ȻղŶĬͷӣһתɫһ˲˲ضĬͺϲʲôöǾǲԸһ
Ĭû˼ˣǲǿǼͷӣ;ͷǰɣ
԰Ĭ첻һĻشͲҪ߳ȥ
һת۵ʱ䣬˲е̬ȶˡ
һɷģ޲ðĬһˣһҪŶ˵һȻȻɲˡ
˵ĬҲΡ
һͷ˵һ㣬ĬҲĲԸæܳϵʵܹȻĬеˮйء
ˮܹϴڲĶأʮ㣬һȷǿʵڵܹ٣ǿ˵ǱˡܳϾǱǳǿˡ
ȻҲǸ֮ܳǰѾ춨˷ǳõĻйأȻҲܻõЧ
ĬЩǵѹȣɫҲǺܺÿΪԼڸղҲûеǼȫ̶кú˵ȴеˡ
Ĭս˫ȭŭЦü΢΢ǼΪϵҪ
˫һΣһϾͻ᳹ڿ
ڼȻѾ˵ˣҲûкԥĵطĬûУһҪˡ
˲ᰵĬ㵽׸ͷʲôöֻܲͷǰɣƲԳԷƣ
᳤ɽŵҪ޳ˣû뵽ЩﾹȻ̣ҲҪĬԸԸİĬͬ⣬˵ʲôҲǰ״
ϣϣǲҪ嶯ǴҶЭԱлú˵Ҫִ
᳤ںƴҪ˫ŵգעЩͽˡ
һ˽ͺһƽ˶ԷܷŹ
СӸÿ˵ĵط׳ŭĿһɣһƣ᳤⧲ͷ˳ȥ
᳤
ĬɺݺݵüģҲû뵽Щ̬Ȼӣֻˣ᳤һ˳ȥ


647 Эİ壨3
Ĭ뵽ڵֻҪܹõĬϵİأ˵ǰѻ᳤ƿһЭᣬЩ϶ϧ
ĬҪȥץס᳤ڱס˸첲ڲʱ;ȥס᳤ҲֻԶԶؿŻ᳤һһ˳ȥ
᳤ҲѾһûԼȻķ
᳤ʵȻǱȲλϣǸղŰ׳һƣ᳤ﶼ͵ģֻõȻԼˤһܲҡ
ȻеʹûзȻ˸Ӱнסˣȵ᳤ӦʱѾúõվڲԶƽϣϻһĨţûʲô󰭡
վ
ǣ᳤ﻹЩײеĳϣһֱǻһ᳤µġ
ܳˣ᳤һɣǳĬܳһ飬ܳϾͲĬԿˡ
֮ܳһ߹ܳͷųƾͿԺݺݵ嵽λϡ
ĬҲкݺݵһǳܳ϶Ҳֳʲô顣㲻Щ飬ֻĬдϲԸԼЭᣬЩԲöԸЭԱڲԼǱȽϺá
Ĭһ鿴ȥȻǳ
ǺǣǼˣȻΪ˼һСӣ
ܳһĬһСӣȷϿ⼸֪ǱĬ˼ʮˡУһСҲ֡
ܳô䳰һҲеⲻȥ뵽ܳϻʱ
֮ǰܳΪԭٻڴǰһҲܳˡھȫһˣǼЭĳϣݵλҲȫһȻö˵ҶǿΪ
Ҳ˵Эᵽ׻ʵ˵ģ˭ʵ˭ңһϣ˭Ҳܸı䡣
ӹɣܳϾȺмʵΪǿһֻҪܳϿڣǲòעһЩ
ǺǣܣôżʲôֲһҪ˵ʲôУⲻҲǺĬЦˣѲɻܰһСһôɡ
׳ȿڣϵҲҪжѿжѿˣǲò˵ˡ
ŶĬҰ㣬ֻҪ˭ҲҪΪ㣡ܳһ˾ǰĬ׵˼
Ĭ΢΢ͷɫ鼫õĵͷţ֪ŴҲǹΪҲǡ
ǿƵܳϣλϻҪٶ˵ʲôȻҲûлᡣ
׳ɫҲǺܺÿҲû뵽Ȼ顣
ҲҪ˵ǼǶҪЭøӺһ㣬ĬСǸǼҪѧϰһ¡
Ҫж಻Ҫж಻Ҫ
ĬһȻûаѶԷУһ֪üȴԼһСɫ
ǻ᳤Ա߿ˣҲԿȥˡ
ΪЩϸоһҲ˼˵⻰⼸λ飬ھȻ˵ôûʵĻش
Ȼ᳤Ҳֻ룬䵽ʵжϣ᳤׻ǲĶЩϡ
᳤ңʾܳϲҡ
ܳУĬڵһλģ˭ҪĬ鷳ȹ˵
ǺǣˣȻǶûʲôˣɢ˰ɡ
Ĭ鼫ã΢΢ͷƾҪܳһ뿪
ȻѾǵߵķ⣬öԷߣǼǶܳжй˼֮ģڵѾֻǼ򵥵ìܣӹغǺ
ţ
׳Ҳ룬ֱӽס˸ո׼뿪
ܳϻתȥȻҲǺܺÿǱ׳ϵģˡѾ˵ˣѵܷʲô
ͷ㻹ʲô飡
ܳŭĿӣŶҪѰ׳ϸһ
Ǳܳģŵˣ׳ϲһӾȻ֪˵ʲôźá
Ű׳ϰס֮ǲ˵ܳһǲмһȻûʲô飬ͲҪһһէģűˡ
׳ϲɺݺݵս˫ȭһԼٲڣ´ҪץסĬ͸ˡ
һ£Ǻ蹫֮ۻû˵أͷôżĬߣǲ֮ʲôܣ


648 ͻս1
ֱ˾ǴĬϵòô԰һ𲨼ܳϵϣ˭ܳҲ˾ҪĬӰ쵽˵档
Ȼ⻰һܳɫѿתͷһȺ첻£Ǿ֪һЩ߰Ĳ²ĳϡ
ܳϲŭЦһǺǣôǻҪô׼ͷҲһǲǣѽҽҪ˵ʲôһɡ
᳤һȻҲû뵽龹ȻᷢչһǶЭ˵ǳҪĳϣԭϺͳ֮Ӧúúദڵ෴ǲصڶ
֮ɲһ˵Իֳ
λ侲һ㣬ǶһЭģҶϣЭܺúõģɲҪΪһЩС±˴˺
Ȼںԣ᳤˵ٶ࣬ǼûκηӦûаѻ᳤С
԰׳ϺλϾΪĬܴڵĶܳ϶ˣʵһ첻顣
ĬܳϰʵȥЩ֮ʵѾƽ⣬ƽƱػᵼºܶ鷳֡ǲǰ鷳ڽһˣҲ˺ܶĵط
׳Ⱥϵ죬λ໥һۣð׳ϰЩĬ˵
ܳϣˣ
ǼжѾ϶ˣ϶Ĭʲôǳ˲Ķⶫ԰ʵܳϼŰĬߣǲǵõô
һ޲ֱӰܳϸ˵ģܳ΢΢
蹫ӣߵǱȥҪȻ㡣
ֱһᣬܳȹǵĻĬֻҪĬһ߿Ȼܳ׼ЩϴһܵĽࡣ
ĬͶܳһĵ⣬˵ͷҾǱߵ㣬Сһ㡣
ĬĹģܳ˲ãǹ˼ɲ顣
ãھǿʵ
ܳһԼʵ֮Ҳȱ֣Ҳ뿴Լʵжǿˡ
ǺǣеĶǱҶǳֵģȻǣǿɲҪĺ
ϻ˵ֵ¼аɡ
⻰һ˫˲䶼ǰˣҲһ顣
رǻ᳤ȰȺϲҪܵˣǺԣ˵Ͳˡ
᳤ҲѧĬӣԼ͵͵һطȻҲˣ͸Ӳˡ
ĬŻ᳤᳤֣л⣬æĬķ߹ȥ
Ͼһᣬʲô鶼ûԼҪĬʵǱȻ᳤˺ܶ࣬Ȼʲô飬Ĭܰһѻ᳤
᳤һĬҲǸζ
蹫ӣĺܱǸû뵽
Ĭһϻ᳤˵ǸģԼҲеⲻȥˣϾҲԭ
ʵҲвԵĵطڸЭ˲㡣
ĬԽ˵᳤͸ӹⲻȥ
ȻĬͻ᳤໥˵űǸվļλѾ˼ơ
ܳϸͿǼʵԼκ˶Ҫ
ˣʲô˵ˣǼһɡ
ɫһǼҲһǳϣںǱܳϸСˣȻʵʵǾ˵Ҳܲһζ
ۣ㲻Ҫ̫֡
ܳ⻰Цˣ˭ȽϹ֣ʲô鶼ûУھȻ˵֡
һתлһĨаȵĹâʱܳѾǸܳˣµʶһˡ
Ǻǣҹ֣ѽҪһһû⣬˭
ֱûаκ˷У鼫ãǼλϹ˹ָͷƵʮԡ
һû뵽ɡ
׳һһһǿ϶ܳϵĶ֡
һϣۣ㲻ԼΪԼֵܼһһ£
ҪģûмôҪģԼ⣬ھȻ˵ܳʵǿΪǣ
Զ١
Ǽͬһʱ䳯ܳϵķȥ᳤һе㲻˫ȥˡ
찡ôһܳ϶֣ⲻԶ٣̫ˣ
Ի᳤ʶվܳһߵġ
ȻĬɫҲѿɺݺݵüģһ˲˲ؿܳϵķ


649 ͻս2
ò˵ĬģҲİѻ᳤ŵˣѵܳϾȻǳûа취ҲǣܳȻʵۺ񣬵վֻһˣȴˣ
᳤еģɺݺݵս˫ȭ찡Ȼ᲻Ҫܳϳʲôɡ
Ĭһ£µǡ
ܳϱλʵҪǿ
᳤һһʱ֮䶼֪ԼӦ˵ʲôܱԼ˿̾Ⱥͽŵ顣
ʲô
ܾĬɫǺܺÿǻ᳤ʱĬ˽⣬ĬˣԲλϡ
ǰѻ˵һ㣬λϱܳϸݺݵʰһ٣Ҳֻ˵ǼãȥԼܵˡ
Ĭ䣬ɫ侲Ȼ㿴ˡ
ǸղλϵжѾֲ̼ܳӵħ֮ǰĬˮܳϵħ
ܳϵħħ岢һܶħǺħܳĹУΪħҪʰħɲס
ˮֻһ¾ħǲȫħûУֻҪܳһ죬ͻԼħ
᳤ûŪĬ⻰ʲô˼лŨŨɻ󣬲ȻĬԼ˵ˣȻҪĬ֪һЩҲȽˡ
ԴҶǰĿתŵļλϡ
Ĭͻ᳤˻վΧѾܸ֮ܵսײг̶ȣܳͷųѹҪֱӹڵϵĸо
᳤Ʋסػɪɪ˵ʼ
裬蹫ӣ㣬ѵú𣡡
ĬһƽģƺûܵһӰ죬Ҫѻ᳤Ľˡ
Ĭתͷɨһۻ᳤Ż᳤ҲǿڵǶòУǻҪ
Ĭץס᳤ĸ첲һ᳤оԼһȫԭĺһʧһȻоˡ
ۣ蹫ӣ̫лˡ
᳤ĪһɣղĵģԼˣҺĬ
Ĭ΢ܳľٶ˼͡
ܳñ֮ڸԼͷųħֻҪʵȲܳϵ˾Բֱ֮ᷢĺ滹ħÿڸסħ
˷ܳϵħ⵽һǳ鷳顣
ǵȻʵֻҪĬ飬ܳ϶ԼŬȥ
ܳУĬʥּȥӵ顣
֮ǰĬнܳƽʱͱ˽սʱڲϵħȻܳ϶ǰ⻰˽ȥһ㵡ĵطûС
׳ǼǺܳ϶սˣܹܵܳϻɢı䣬ͺһ겻ıɽֱҪ˸һ
λʵϵȻǱȻ᳤Ҫܶ࣬ʵ£ҲЧ
ǺôܹƾԼֿ纮飬ƺҲΪˣ˳Լ֮⣬ûİ취
ڼλ϶Ѿܲסˡ
ף˶ҲԲܳϵĵ֡ղźԣܳѾˣĲĻǿֱӶ֣£Ǹûз
Ǳܳϸŵˡ
ã䡣
ûа취ˣ˳Լ֮⣬ʲô
õԼĻشܳҲǻջԼϵѹ
˵һ飬ԼѾﵽ磬Ĭͨ˻ĵطҪԼʵֻԼ
ܳһ飬ֻЩϣȫᣬܳϲĬί
׳ǼɫѿҲҪһԼʵ뵽Ȼаղѡ
ˣͳͳɢ˰ɣҶȥɡ
Ҫ˵õĻǻ᳤żλҲûʲôˣȻõĽˡ
Ĭܳϵĺ뿪ͷβûܵκӰ죬̫ʲô
ǼλϾĬ鷳һҪǲʵܳԡܳϿ϶վĬߵģһϣ˵ʲôܸı䡣
ֻежܳϸղŵĻͲ֪ˣ׶ʵ׷ÿһеħϣƳˡ
Ĭп϶ûô׾ǹȥģȴԼ鷳ں档


650 
ȵĬܳߵ˰ıԺܳԼסıԺûоܳԼ˵ͬ⣬Ͳʲôܹ
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ֱܳӶĬ˫ϥŵأһϵģ°²
Ĭɺݺݵس˳ǣѾܳ˵ܶˣѾǹȥԴԼǺܳϾһߵ׵ˡ
ֻҪ϶飬Բı䣬ܳоѾ϶ˣĬԼϣΪԭĬ˸ϣܳβѡ
ĬҲˣǿܳģҲǿˡ
֮εҡҡ֣ˣȥɣҲ㣬ɡ
Ĭɿڣܳ¶һĨɵЦݣ͵Լᱻϴ˸ˡܳѻ˵ǴĬ֮ܳоѾ˾һҪ׷Ĭߡ
ڳ飬ܳǱǸ
شӵվܳһϻǱǸɫϣûá
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷűһһϵĽԼĶǲȻܳôƺԼܳлӲȻ
Ҳûа취ˣܳϲôƺԼôƺԼɣĬҲùôˡ
£Щһ÷С
Ĭʵܳϵ棬Ҳ˵Ǽλ϶ܳϵĶ֣Ӳ˵ҪԸĬˡ
ܳлĬȻһ˫ͳ
ܳ⻰Ĭﶼ֪ҪЦǿˣʵЩϰߡ
Ĭ˵ͷˣǾɣ뿪ЭҲҪע⣬Ҫ¶Լһʱħ㱣֤Э᲻Ӱ졣
ĬһؽԼһ飬ܳᵡ
Ĳ˾ҲҪá
ܳһ棬ϻһĨģģһá
˵ĬܳҲ˵ǷĵĺܣͲᵣܳϲã̫ģĬЩ˼
㡣
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ڶա
ĬȻЭʱ䲻ǺܾãǶЭ˵ȴӰΨһһܹû᳤ãݵˡ
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һ·ͣһ
ĬǼѾͳ˳ţȻȥ
ˣҶɣǺڡ
᳤֮ǰĬһЩᣬȵЩ֮оʣĲãĲϲĻ档
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֮ǰĬнܳϲԼԽϲûпܳϵӰиҪҪȥ
Ĭ뿪
˵Ͳˣ˵ҩʦЭĵλǲͣĬʱ̬ȾԹмӡ
Ĭû뵽ҩʦЭᣬ㶼һշˡ
ĬŶ⻰΢΢˳飬շЭᣬֻǺЭ֮ һֹͬ棬Ϊͬ棬ЭŻİɡ
ˣ˵ˣλкܶҪ飬ʱѾˣץʱ䣬ܹ֮ǰȥһС
İҹȻһֱû˵ĬദʱˣĬ˵Ѿȵе뷨
İҹȻеˡ
ĬȥȥԹķ򣡡
Ĭ΢΢ͷûзŻٶȣǧƽϱۣ߻ˢˢķĬֻܼӴھȥ
ǴԹ»صʱҲ֪ԭѹúòá
΢΢һ㶣벻ڻ׼
ҲܹףĬˣȻΪĻԼҵˡ
İҹʵΪԭĬָԼһЩˡ
ĬӦѾ֪Ϣˣѩھǡ
İҹɫ࣬˵𶫷ѩʱ΢΢
Ѿ;Ϣʱ䣬Ĭһߺˮʣһߵͷͬ⡣
ѩھǣһ⣬ǲòδ
ѩ
΢΢һ㶣ƣʵһǶҵϵڶҵĴСȻİ
϶ɻ⣬һ·ˣĬĿ΢תһȽϺʡ
㣬Ҫ׼ʵħѣ˼佫һħڶѩϾѡ
ôô
ȻϢ̫ھˣһҲеܲˡ


651 ػؾǣ1
Ĭǵ˵ͷȻ֪Ϣ˾ȣ࣬ϣת
΢΢ͷͶѩǺϤԼ֮ǺͶҷҪ˵ͶѩǶ˫
ֻ̫ͻȻöһʱ֮ûзӦڶУС㻹һˣǱЩֻϣ˭뵽ִħϾѡ
ĬİɣӦʲôӦʲôк
˶⻰ĬҲˣ͵Ķϻܲ飬Ҳûʲô⡣
ĬΪһⶫ㡣ҺĹϵͲǺܺãڶѩ飬ħۣͬǾ͸Ӳܷ񣡡
ɫ࣬Ȼ֮ǰһЩǺܺõ飬ǷֱǷǳģܶԷ׶ԲԣԲܽܡ
Ĭ΢΢Ȼˣ֮ǰҽӵϢھǿ˶㣬ҵŮ˻ھһЩõ飬ǻصǿȷľҲ÷ġ
ãȻǻǼӿ̰ɡ
˿ӱޣмǹ飬Ȼٶ˲١˴ʱ䣬ϵ˳ǽ
ԶǳţҲɣڳŹر֮ǰˣ
ˣ߰ɡ
İҹ߽ţȴǵһʱע⵽˾ǲһĵطоȻע⵽뿪ǲһʱ䣬ƺѾ̫ı仯һʱ֮䶼е㷴Ӧˡ
Ĭİҹ˶һۣǴӱ˴˵пһĨء
¾ͻȻı仯ͶѩĳѲϵ
ǽ䱸ɭϣһѹֵϢ
ŶŶӣһǼ飬ǼǱߣŶӣ
ŵĴ糶ɤӴ˵̬ʮ࣬ǿģֱһֻӶҪܲļ顣
Ĭ⿴򶫷ѩǰһѩȥɣ⵽ʲôҺҹѾ¶ˣǺܷ㡣
Ĭͣѩл⣬ãǵһ
ʵϾ
һֱѾкܳһʱû¶棬ȻҲʲô˻ǵö㣬ڶȥ̽ϢΪʵġ
λС㣬ѧԺѧһ궼ǻôˣΪν䱸ɭϡ
ǰȥѯһ
سǵС翴һ۶㣬Ƕǳ׵ģͺ׸˺øУټ϶˵ԼѧԺѧ飬͸Ӷ˼Ρ
˵ͷ䷢ɻ˻Щ
Ҫ˵ˣһŮ࣬ͨĵаԣھһ˵ģھλŮҪǼǿԾĽ䱸ȥѰĬ蹫ӵ䡣
˵λС˵Ĭһͷ֧ߣȴǽӵһСҲɵλʦôܻԵ޹ѰĬ֮ǰ϶⡣
һбܵΪԼ˱ƽȻԹʦûʲôøС
ܿ˶ѩ⡣
ĬҪѩħһԷҲȻҪκοܻΣԼˡ
ŶŶԭˣ̫ûлѧԺˣλȥ֮һҪúסһʱ䣬ҵ뿴λʦǲô
ԶвǺܿ϶ѩ
С統ȻҪ𾭹ŵ˼飬ôһ˵ԴһĨֹζʲôû˵ţȥҲãϾʦš
иоɻ󣬲ʲôû˵˻ȥ
ĬȻвһѾѩסˣŵļ¾ǳġóл֮ǰĺôҲصԼ
Ĭ΢΢ͷܹԸܵѩֻħͷųĶԼǲԸɡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾԼѾˡ
Ҫǣе鷳ǵһ¡
İҹͶ㷴ӦĬѾԶˣҲֻԭؿţҲ֪ĬеڴʲôС˼
һʱ䣬Ĭ³ڴǰ
찡
ݺݵصɴ˫ۣ۾ͺĬմ˽ˮҲֲ 


652 ػؾǣ2
ȷİҹټĬŮװģʵ̫ˡ
ĬװŮװľޣ
Ůŷۺɫɴȹͷż򵥵٣һƮݵɢǶ˼崿Ծζһ紵ܴŮʵɴȹѡ
Ĭ΢΢һıҲ̫ڿˣʵҲûľްɣòһ˲˲ؿԼĬе㲻ϰˡ
ôˣʲôʲô⣿
ĬǰתһȦŮĵ˾ɡ
ȷӦͷһⶼûУʵ̫ˣǸˣҶҪԵˡǶĻ벻Ĭ΢ʰһ£´ŮװȻÿ
Ĭɫ϶΢΢һ͡
ѩѰҵĬǾ˶֪ĬǸˣڴģǣȻҲ˺ܶעڻǴݾߵʱ򡣡
ǾȵɫȻĬа취
ȷ˲ô׾ͰԼϳĬ˵ˣʱѾˣҲͲö˷ʱ䡣
ȻĬвһֻҪʶĬˣûֵܷĵ˭
سŵСԶԶӡʵλղŲǾͨ˳ţô»һ飿Ȼص㡣
СסҲ΢΢һ㶣ʾĬùԼ뿪Լش
һѣһ𡣡
СڸղŶĬǼʹɫʱ򣬾Ѿע⵽ĬǣвһĨޣ֮תΪŨŨĻɣΪǸɫŮװŮʵǺĬ̫ˡ
С绹ϾʶŮ˾ĬѯʶҲһˣȻİ¡
λ㲻нţȻǳ˺ܶ仯һжġ
ǵ̬ûسŵСҪء
ƺҲǱСˣͷͬ⣬ǵģܻԽԽãһж
ƽµͨţ»صǣһ˷ǵĸо
ž䣬滹Ǻġ
⻰һⶼΪ涼˴˲ɡ
Ĭһ¶ļ򣬰뿪Ц˵ѵ㻹þ涼ˣӽ£Ƕˣ͸鷳ˡ
˵ҲǡҲЦˣ̫ڽţе㻺ĸо
İҹ΢΢סջ
ʵԣջѾȫĵطˡ
⻰İҹ˵ĬҲѾŪ⡣
ѡȨǽĬϣ˶סĵط⡣
Ĭ̯̯֣һΣյĵطȫĵطֱӻѧԺɣԺҵıԺҲ벻һֱӻ˺ԺǵƤӵ¡
İҹͶ΢˼Ƭ̣Ҳ취С
ãھͻѧԺ
һ꣬ƺѧԺǰʵǶѾ뿪ѧԺкܳܳʱ䣬ٴλʱĬѾһˡ
ĬʶԼСĶ滹һӣвɶ˼ڴĬ룬ȵӳ֮ҲúӽѧԺѧϰʵѧԺһǳĵط
ĬİϢһ£ѧԺƽʱа˸ɨǶִɨˡ
⣬òϣѧԺЩ涼ǳġ
ǼƯߵˣҲֻѧԺŻһּҵĸо
ˣȥһ£ǵǷЩʲô飬Ҳиס
Ĭ˵ͷöȥΪʣã·Сģǿ
ڶ˵ȻԼİȫҪ飬Էһߡ
һůϲĬһ㣬ܷʲô飬ĬĵĲ棬˵ı
İɣ
Ĭ»صѧԺͺƯҵ˻ؼҵ·
ŶȥĬתͷİҹҹȥһʦɣôˣ׵ʱҲûʦǿɲʧ񡣡
Ҫ˵Ĭİҹ֮ĸ飬һҩеİæȻҲڵǡ
Ҳ˼
ѧԺ˭пܸı⣬ΨҩԶᣬ˵ҩһѧԺУİҹεˡ


653 ټ֪1
ݸ
Ĭİҹվݸǰв˼ָпòϣʱȥ֮󣬺ܶ鶼ڷı䣬ݸǺ͹ȥһһϤĸо
ݸĴţֱӴſ˽ȥ
ոսľϤҩݵζĬԼһҩʦȻЩҩݵζʮϤ΢΢ʦȻð̥ҩ
߽ҩ®һ۾ͿһҩϣƺǱǰ¯ҩڵˣݺݵšüģɫ࣬Ȼʲô鷳
ҩ̫רעſ߽˶ûע⵽
ҩһģĬİҹ˶һۣʶѹ˵ǳҩϡ
ҩϻ̧ӭĬİҹˣвһĨŨŨľȣˣ
ҩģƺѾµǻһĬüһʦǺ֮ǰͲµʱ
ҩѿܿĬȵģǳ˵ǵȻڵˡ
Ĭ¡
ĬڵҩϽء
ҩһ̾Ҳ˼ΣǰѾõݵĬǰζǿԳ
ҩõĲ裬ͲɴǣĬİҹȻҲѧҩϵģƷ衣
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôǰһ֪ʱؾǡ֮ǰյµţ˵Ѿкˣ⺢Ӷ˰ɣĬ㻹̫ˣˣǿȥȴӣһ㶼Ǹи
ҩⷬĬҲ˼˵ʲôʵһϣҲͦεģ˭֪Ϊʲôģ
ˣ˵һЩ飬ѩɣҾʱ䶫ѩڳŪ÷ģܻ
ԭҩϵһ²⼸Ѿ޾Ľӽʵ
Ĭһİҹİҹڵ
İҹ΢΢ͷʦӦҲ˹ĩٵɣħ罫ңǰǸѩѾԭĶѩǶŶѩģħ
ҲҺҩϲѧȻֱǱ⻰ŵˣҲ˵ѩħҲ˵ĩҪˣ
ˣҰ˵ˣʲô˼
ҩϵȻҲ˵һЩԣûзϣڴĬİҹ˵˵Ծ˲١
ҩϲòģм䵽ʲô⡣
ĬϰЩҩ˵һ飬ҩܹһ֪飬ҲһԤȻҲǺõġ
ҩһʱ֮侹ȻַӦĸоݺݵصһǻ˹
һ㣬΢侲һ¡
Ĭİҹ˶һۣȻҲҩͻȻ֪ϢŲ˭ѽܰɡȻĬҲҩϷӦ
ʵǻĬԼһҲûзӦ
ҩҲһȻһʱ䣬ǺһӽǱ֮ǰҪ˺ܶࡣ
ðɣˣ֪ѩĵϸŮ˿϶ҪǣǸҪעⰲȫ
ҩ࣬תͷİҹҹСӾ͸ҪעˣĬӣչ˺Ĭ㲻жΣϵѹɲС㳤˰
ǣһᱣĬͺӣ
ҩϴͳһƿҩ֮ǰúõĵҩ͵Ĭ֮󽻸
ĬѾͷΪʦҲûʲôԸ㣬һƿ̥ҩΪʦ˺ܾãԱ̥񣬶Ҳ洦
Ĭӹҩ͸Լĵҩллʦ
ʱĬһֱ·ϸ·ȻҲûжʱӱȽϺãһ¶ĬĬ̥ûע⣬
ڷҩϱĬģЩ鶼׼ˡ
ҩϸĬĸлЩҪΪĬġ
ˣЩͲ˵ˣĬԼעŵ㣬Ҫ̫࣬úϢҩףھĬʲô룬Ҳһ㣬ڶѩڳܻ͢ϵӣҿҲ̫ڵģǵĻϺܴ
ҩԾڴˣҲܶ϶ʲôҪ֪ʲôϢȥ橹һֱܼǹǡ
Ѿжõʱû橵֣ĬֻĸоԺлܻ𵱳橶ĸס
橹ڡ
Ĭе㲻ȥˡ


654 ټ֪2
ڳ
ĬҪ⣬ȻΪԼǷκˣȻʵϲĬжԻ橴֮ġ
ΪĬԭֱڻûм˳׵ĻĬ˵ʲôѴ̡һʵǸŮˣǷе֮ˡ
ҩϲ΢΢һЦҲû뵽ֱһʱ䣬Ĭлܼǵ橹飬ȷҲͦ׵ˡ
Ĭͷİɣ鶼찲źõ飬橹ԼҹӶתתߵһ𡣡
˭뵽ѡة֮ӣʱ϶Ѿ˴ͻˣ橶ûͬ⣬Ǻߵһ
ĬһҲһ˿ŨŨľȣû뵽橻Ǻһˡ
橺һˣ
϶ǲ˼顣
ҩϵ˵ͷ벻ɣ˭벻ߵһˣة඼벻ͻģһǰ橹Թ˳ˣĬλȥ
ҩϼȻܹ˵Ĭȥһ橺ˣ˵˾ԿȻҩҲ˵⻰ˡ
Ĭл⣬ãʦˣ橺˴飬ҶûȥμӣλȻܲȥݷá
ҩοǿĬģ֪ĬѾ⻰˼ˡ
ãĬļѺ橹Ҳܽ˵ܼǡ
ĬûжʣĬϵÿ϶Ϲ𡢜ϫ롢ӮˣϹѾ̳ϹȻûʱؾǣϫûĻ϶ҲǸϹߣôھǵ˹ҲֻӮ
ãʦһȥġ
İҹкܶĵģĬ顣
ĬȥһҲġ
ҩһаҡͷİҹ˵㶼ôˣӶˣȻףʲôʱĬѾͷԼһ˹ȥˣ㵱ȻҪˡ
ҩϸָһİҹûκһϣȷ⡣
İҹͷǣҲ뿪Ĭһһֱߣ
Ĭиж΢΢óʲôʱĬİҹĺܺá
ˣȥɣҲ߶̫á
ޱĬİҹֱӻ˺Ժʱ䣬ҲӦûˡ
һ
Ҳ˲Ϣܵ˵ѩûôء
Ĭ֮ǰھ˷ǳõĽڴһж㵱ɴӢۣǶѩڳ˹ʦҲֱ˵㲻õĵطȻʦλò˵⻰ʱ˫۶ڷ⣬ǻʱ䣬ڶҪҵ㣬Ҳòõ˵ǡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷʾԼˡ
㣬ҸղȥҩǱߣ׼ȥةฮҪҪһȥ
㵱ȻҲ˻橺˳׵ϢĬȥ϶һɣ֮ǰͻ֮ĹϵǺܺãڹȥ
ҾͲȥˣĬİӣҲòҡҵǻ
ãҲУȥǱ̸̸͢㲻õ̫Ϣ
ҹ
ȵʱˣĬİҹװţȻʱܹˣͿ϶ŬҪˡ
ةฮ
Դӻ橺˳֮ȻֱסةฮиȻҲǷǳ⡣
ĺ԰
΢΢šüģɫǺܸˣ̧
˵⵽ôˣ˶óѩԲ⣬ڸʡ
˵ĵط橲ɺݺݵһСȻ橻Ǻ͹ȥһͲڲԼе˾Ǹˣ˾ǲˡ
橾򵥵ĲϲѩȫҪ̫ɡ
ɫŻҡҡͷ橣ԣСĸǽжھةฮҲǺܰȫ
ôһ˵ҲɽСؿһܣ㲻Ҫңҽš
橹þţǻ谮ĹѩǵٴҲҲةฮ㡣Ӯɫ⿴֮ԹӣǻҪӳ顣
ӳ飬ӳ飬Ҷ֪˵˶ٱӳֻˣǵʲôû۳
ɫ͸ŨŨĲͷݺݵҡͷǵŬ취ҪĬھͺˣһа취ġ
Ӯǲɺݺݵس˳飬Ŀתϣȷûʲôĵط΢΢һ
вɸ̾һڻ橶Ѿ˳ˣǻʶ뵽Ĭò˵Ϊ˵ҲһҲҺĴ󣬲Щ
ʵӮеⷬ뷨еС֮ĶȾ֮ȻܹͻߵһȻѾǶԱ˴˷ǳ˽⣬һ̶ϣͻһģĬھǻúܶࡣ
һ̾һǼϣܹ蹫ӣǵڻᱻѩŮ˸ϡѵûע⵽ѩĬ
˵⻰Ҳûϸעһ㣬ܶ鶼Ǿϸϸ˼Խ˼Խܹеİء


655 ټ֪3
Ĭþʱ͵͵Ǳةฮǣһ˵Լ֡ĬһͻȻԼ˲ڽԶԼ֡
Ī˺ܶ࣬ǰһڴǰ
þò֪ǲˡ
Ĭ˳ȥİҹȻҲ˹ȥ
ӻɻˣ֮ǰǸո˵Ĭ֣֮Ĭһӳǰֱ̫˾ˡ
ĬĬ찡㣡
һһ˲˲ؿĬȻʵ̫ˣǸո뵽Ĭ֮Ĭͳڴǰеϲ֮Ѿˡ
ҲǼѣȻû뵽ʱĬ
Ĭû°ɡǰһڳ£ȻҲ֪ǶѩǱ߶ĬȡֶΣֱҪĬ·ϱơ
ֻҪĬھǣϾͻȥ֪ѩ飬Ž䱸ɲΪ顣
еĬڳ͢УҲΣû˵Ļᡣ
Щֲܺͻ˵ȻСŮ˻֪ҪжൣģЩѹУʵҲоԼҪˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷǰһһļĵġ
İɣǱװ뾩ǣû˷ҵ٣Էġ
вɻһĨԲĬҲܱ㣬ڳ͢ϣЩ˵ҲûЧھһҪע⣬Ҹоѩ㲻⡣
ǲ˵ЩĬҲǳ΢΢ͷľͺܺˣ֮ǰ橹˴飬ҶûܻϲѾǷǳʧˡ
ɺݺݵҡͷһǰ˳ףʵмҲкܶεĵط
ǵȻҲĬǾǵչʱĬμӻһ㶼ʲôֵø˵飬Ĭ鷳ĻҲˡ
ںúõĹ˵õĽˡ
һͶûз¹Ĭĸ飬ֱܶȥʱĸ鲢ʱƶʲôı䣬ÿһ˶ѧɳԼķʽȥԼϲˡ
֮ڻҲѾԼĬĸ飬ֻĬ鷳Ĭˡ
ϲһˣҪѧöԷҸѧ֣ڵĻҲѾѧЩ
һɳʱзºִܶԼһҲᵽԷԼ߻кֵܶȥϧˡ
ͱ˵
һǰ뿪ʳ֮һֱĬĬػʱǵĸ鲢ǰ飬ʱƣܶ𽥷ı䡣
νǾ仰õĳ顣
ػҲѧѸעϣԷʵҲһǳˣһ̶ϣҲĬ
Ƽ˽⣬ֱ˴˶Ƿǳʺϣ֮ߵһҲһǳѵ飬ôȻ
пĺףҲҲһʺԼˣ ҲһҲһŮ˱Լʺ
ںܾúܾ֮ǰ֮ĸѾעˡ
ǻԼѾҸˡ
ĬҲǴĵΪ橸ˣСŮҵԼҸʵ橺һ𣬵ҲǷǳ䡣
ϲǣ
橵ǸСŮˣɲ̫ĶֻҪԼоľͺãʲô飬̫ڵġ
ԼҸˣԻҲϣܿĬջԼҸ
ĿתĬǰһץסĬĸ첲Ĭ㣬İҹʲôʱһߵĸࡣ
橺֮һ֮󣬷̫谭ֻҪмᶨ˭ֹǡ
ȻĬкܴĲͬİҹҪߵһмҪѿɲ١
ϻı飬Ĭİҹ໥һۣĺܺá
ӮЦˣĬİҹ׵飬Ӯûͻ˵ܵһ񣬲ƺ̫ˡ
橹ĬͲõˣѾİʦ׺ܾˡǳ׿֮ǰ
Ӯֱ˵˳
ɫȣĿתĬĬѾˣ


656 1
ȻһҲǺ֮ǰԼǱĬһˣĬٶȡ
Ĭ΢΢˵ͷסİҹ֣ɫᶨǸ˵ԣҺҹǰͳˣΪЩգܶûü֪ͨ
ʵҲĬԼԭ֪ԼӦôԾǵѣ˶ΪԼǸˣ֮һתŮˣ֮İҹףŻǣҲ
ԭĬûرѹμӻ
΢΢ҡͷѽĬ˵ЩʲôΪˣֲһҪμĻ˵ҳ׵ʱҲûйҲǳƽˣԺ˭Ҳ˵顣
ĽȻòˡ
Ĭ˵ͷáԺ󶼲˵ˡ
ǹϿǱҪΣ֮Ȼ˵µʱˡ
İҹϲ˵ˣҲֻĬʱ򣬲Ż˵䣬ʱİҹǺԣ˵˰컰ֻԱ߰ͺá
ԸҲĬϲİҹĵطֻҪԼһתͷܿİҹվƺԶ뿪һ
һ޾İȫУ鼫á
ˣȲ˵飬ѩʲôʱ뾩ǵģ
ֻн˶ѩ飬ĬǼҲܷ£Ȼѹ飬˭֪Σջʲôʱһӱȵʱ򣬾еһжˡ
Щ鷴
ѩҲһҵʱ䣬ѩǶĴС㣬ԼҷǳأǶС㣬ȻҲͬˡѩ֪׸˱ʲô֮Ĺϵ͸ȹ̣ͱ
ϲɵѩûʲôܹûͼıģҲΪһŮˣô˼
Ĭ΢΢ͷ׶ѩҪʲôѵҪΪķأͨռħⱵĵһ
֪ѩ׸¾ʲôü˸ϡĻĶⶫ϶ǷƷĬĪĸоѩϾ׵Ķô򵥡
ĬҪ֪ѩŮ˸ʾ׵Ķʵ֪
Ȼʱô˻ɺɺǻ谮Ů֪һЩڲϢһ㶼˸о֡
Ĭһͷɺɺ֪ʲô𣬿ǣҲ˽ⶫѩ
ʵʲôöѩžͲһˣҩ˵ǳҩ֮ԳϣԾƭ˵İϷǸʾȻŮ˵Ĺ
ɫŭǵĻϳЩ߰ĵҩԼ嶼Իˣкüλ橶ҪһȰ⣬ϣҪŶѩĺӲҪҩ
ҩֶԵġ
ѩҲʲôĵҩʦٵҩʦԼƲ湦ЧĵҩƾʲôѩְƳˡ
Ż飬ĬѾµ˻橿϶ҹ˵飬ûеõЧ
ӮȽܹϵ顣
ʵǺţǾĻҲΪַǳԵƭֶţʵԽӸλˣһϣԼܻľһ㣬ϣʵһ̫˵Ļ⡣
Ĭ˵ͷʾͬ⻰
ֻ벻ѩȻ뵽ְ취õϵͬ
ȴҲòϣ취ҲΪЧġ
ǳãԹһҿʾǷˣѩŮԾƭȻɵˡʱ䣬һֱǱڶѩ棬󹬶ȥˡ
ǰܷʲô飬ÿôں棬ͻ谮ŮȻǻ橵ĸ׻ھкܳһʱûмˡ
Σⷽ棬ԼѾͻ˵ܶˣУʲô鶼˵ˡ
橣ЩǻԼ飬ԡ
ҲҺĶǷǳϤѣǲ˵ȥȻǻЩ治Ļֳ֪ʲôŤ
Ĭ϶֮ȤĬȻƳʲô˳ϵĵҩǿ϶ûκ⡣
橣ԵĻҪ͵͵ϡ
ȻѩܹƻϣĬͬҲԣòȥŪе顣
ĬˣҪȥʣҪ֪ڵĸѾǹȥĸʣ顣
Ѿһ飬ĲĬ


657 1
ĬҲǵԼЩòȥ
ģҾȥŻȻŶѩϣͬҲĺöôһֻŶѩң
ĬüһȻѾӦԵİ취
гԾ˼ĴĬɫץסĬĸ첲Ĭϵĵҩ
ѩƳĵҩڻоǺ˵ĶĬߣ⵽ʲôûȷ橾Ĭܹ
Աߵļ˸˽ĬһЩ
Ӯһ޳Ĭ
ĬǺαأһʲô⣬㻹ǱΣǷࡣ
ӮȻˣȴûжжģž˵ص㣬ӮصĻԼǲܹõϡ
бҪȥӲ⡣
ĬӮеĵģѾ
ðɣȻѾˣֵܵҲ㡣ĬҼţܷʲô飬Ӯ֧㣡
Խʱ򣬻վˣѣĬкܸˣӵôѡ
Ȼ˾ģĬжҲǳ죬ϺͻǼõڶϵ飬֮صѧԺϢ
İҹԭӣֻҪĬõ飬;Բᷴԡ
ҹƺİ
İҹĬ˴ӳ׵ڣȴǺӵߵǺǺæûжʱһġ
Ĭİҹļϣвһ˿š
ڻǰֵļΪʲô鶼׼˵ģʵһ׶ûУ֪ڵôѩָ˵ʲô
̫δ֪ĶȻĬȴܺ˵˵ġ
İҹƺסĬϸĬһתһ˶İҹϣغһ
ҹ
Ĭһû뵽Լᷢһ죬е㲻˼İҹ۾ˡ
İҹ΢΢ص˵ĬԴǶǷˣôôߡ
ѾǷޣȻԼϲˣĬһ統һƲסƺڽŸԼϲǰˡ
İҹһսϵһŮ˵ĶͷԼⱲ䱦
һСɵϡ
ܵİҹᣬĬ뿪֪ԼӦʲôźˡ
Ϊĸ׵ıܣĬ΢΢ԴҺİҹֱӣ֪İҹҲһܣǲУ
Ĭ϶ҡͷҹڲУкӣ˵ġ
ƽʱʱĬ϶Ҳжĺӣʵ̫ڶ£Ƕʱ䣬ĬԸое㲻֮⣬һоûУʱæĬԼ˻к׮顣
ʱĬȴһѹˣڲС
İҹǲʧЦĬУһ쵽Щ˼ӵ
ģֻ֪ͺãߣǵĺҲߡ
İҹ⻰ĬҲһɣǲ֪ôģоȻĪһʧĸоǿԼֹĸоﶪȥ
ţԺһ˶Զһ𡣡
ҹ
Ĭİҹļϣ˶ѵһʱ⡣
뵽ҪԵ飬ĬҲЩꡣ
ҹ᲻ңʱֱӶ϶ѩʵҲ֪мְա
ĬϴԵĵģʲô룬ǸӳܲʧܵĽ
ĬϷĪĸоѩʱʹһʲôҩƭʵۣп϶⣬ֻһʱ֮䶼û뵽
İҹвɻһĨ𣬵׻ɷĻãûܳееΣĬŲòôࡣ
İҹսĬ֣ů¶ͨĴݸԷ
Ĭܷʲô飬Ҷϣһˣ
İҹƺҲû˵ʲô飬ô˲䣬Ĭȴһ뵽һԶһƺҲûʲôǽ˵ˡ
ţһԣ
İǹ磬Ĭİҹ˶ԣֻҪжԷڵĵطǵļңůļҡ
ʹǬ
ĵۻڸλϣ⿴ͨĮ͸һֲĸо
˵Ĭ˾ǣھѧԺС


658 ϵĵ
ͨϢԴúܵͺܵͣػش𣬡ǵģڳſ蹫Ӻλһǣ֮ǰҲȷ蹫ӻ·ţ¿԰ٷ֮ȷ蹫ӡ
ǻϵİҹһЩܷ飬ƺκˣֻа֪ǵͳ죬ԶֻЧһһˡ
֮ǰǱѧԺʱһμĬŮװģȻϲǸŮ˾ȻĬ
⻰вɻһĨɶҲ֪һǸӽˡ
ڵĻϺͰǰĵȫһһ㶼һΪ׷Ҳʧȥǵĵںѣ֪ԼӦʲô
΢΢ͷˣ֪ˣĬصǵ飬ѩǱ߲֪ɣбĬҪ˷֡
ǣ
Ϣʹϣ֮ͨӰеС·뿪˷꾹Ȼʹ
˿Ǭ»ָ˰ͺʲô϶ûзһ
һкѩ⣬ЩҩҲʲôöϵȷһ˵Ķرһۻ˵˭ܹӵȨʱһ㣬ȨʧԼıԡ
һȴϵԼǻûܹȷװѻλԼĸӵϣ˺ͶѩۣͬȻҲա
ڻϾ͵ĬĻϵһ򲻴ոչĳʵûнʱ򣬸Ļ塣
һиĩ壬ѾĬ֮ˣֻܶԸħ塣
һʲô˵ӶѩⲻǱϵӣΪΪ²ȴϣ
ȻʱһҲѾԸоԼѾҪסˣöѩĵҩŮô϶ᷢвһĵط
Ϊ˸õѩҪŮ˾ѾƣһϲòһЩҩȻҲǾ˷õҲԸоԼѾ𽥲Լơ
ʱƲסҪƢԼ߷ǳ׽ˣҲҪˣԡѪĸовɿʼ£һԼɥʧԣᶯ˺Լ׽ˡ
Ҳ˻֮ǰıԹԽԽϲԼһ˴ǰ󹬣谮ӣϲŮֺѿϡ
ʵǻһϲԸӼǣǻԼƲסԼڲСĵʱ˺ǡ
ںˣ
ĬڻˣڰĬȵˡ
ҲڿԺݺݵһֻҪĬһ죬Ͳң¾Ͳҡ
Լ֪ΪʲôĬģڿ̫֮Ǽʶ뷨ֻҪĬڣһ鶼̩
ڶ졣
岻ʣ֮糯ֻټ橹ү˵кܳһʱûмү
ʵǻϲ˵ټ橺ˣҲҪϣⱾĬõ顣
ڻټǣӷǰĬͽ
Ǭ
橹үԱ飬橹Ļϵ壬һҩӣһУϣܸĵҩţȻһƬТģ˭˵ʲôء
һĬΪ橹ʹиʳҩӣİҹߵİӶҲһʹ
֮󣬻ϵȻҲע⵽ŮװĬ֮ǰѹĬŮװ뾩ǣӶ𶫷ѩߵĻɣȻһҲ϶ϲŮ˾ȻĬ
ˣǶȥɣ޺ġ
ϴһӣǬ幬ͳͳ˳ȥ˻Ǽˡ
ʱҲǲףȻҪıߵ˸ˣܹεٵĿ
˵ʣþûмˣˡ
Ҫ˵⼸ӣˣͷҲֻлһǹֲ뵽Ȩȥ˼
ֺγΪ橰鶼úǻ谮ĹҪһжѾˣλӼ̳˻λǶܻһ橸ҪЩȥ
һ϶Ի⣬͸ӳ谮橣橽ܵϵĳ谮ȻҲԸԻġ
ֶ໥ģ˭Ҳƽ޹ʶһ˺á


659 ʥ1
ǹһĨЦݣҪ˵ԼϲľǻŮͲǼٵġԼʶ𽥲֮ǰѾ橰ź·֮ᷢʲô飬橵ǿԵõϡ
ټϻ֮ǰͺĬĹϵܺãţڽ˸ϵ֮Ĭ֪ѣ϶ְ
İɣ޵Լû¡ˣǳҲжʱ˰ɣλֲڶûкã޾Ϳˡ
㽣ҲϣԼֵܹ֧ӵһ졣
ԽͻӼ򵥡һѾ׷飬򵥵ĽƽҸֻĩĵ򵥵Ҹ
۲ѣԼҸģֻϾڽµĸо
ڻ橵ӡУԼĸʾΰˣƹһңҲʢݣЩͻϵιеѲϵ
ȻڵĻȴȻ˺ܶ࣬ͺһŻ۲ѣⲻӦӡ
ʣúõģ㻹ҪҺ˵ĺӣӵһǸȡġôϲСӣԺҾźӽһ鷳ĶԲԡ
ǿסеܣƵضŻϡ
Żô۰ԼһòͬԼССҪ
ﵱȻҲϣԼܹһֱŮߣԽǵʱ򣬾ԽԵúͼһʱֵϧҲһֱһֱػŮ
ϵ˵ͷã޻ػһˣ˭Ҳ޵橣
ⰮؿŻ橣д̫ĸ飬ûа취ʱֱ˵ڣ۲ѡֻǻôģȻǲܹһ׮ˡ
ŻϺͻ˸Ůɿĳ棬Ҳʱǡ
侲Ժ󻹻кܶʱɣ˵ºãڻǻϵΪҪ
ĺԣϵѾԽԽˣһĵԼûʶһ㡣
Ǵӻϸղ¾ͿԿϾԼߵ˶Ǻţôܻ׵ŶѩĻһмţһʲôԡ
橣ǻȰѴҩʡǰһס橵ĸ첲˳ƿϣƺһҵ˿ˣ겻ĵط
ǰһԣҪĿľǰĬϣֻҪĬڣһа취ġ
ԣʣҶˣҩӣ˵ǰθڲѣҩӽһ¡
ڻ橶ʶóڡ
ĬǰһվڻǰɫŻһ񣬡İϼϣꡣ
İϣȷİϣĬѾ޸İҹΪޣԼǰİҹϣҲûʲôԾĵط
ĬⷬԳƣİҹȴǸ˲ѣ᲻Ĭ⻰ĺ壬ɲ˵ӣô붼˲ĻŭţӲ˵ˡ
Ĭӣڸո߽Ǭ幬ʱ򣬻ϾѾĬϳˣǺãȻԼȡһ֡
Ĭþòʲôʱ㶼ˡ
һһЦĬȴǲòϣĬǻŮװǺһ㶼˾֡
ĬвɻһĨȣȻû뵽ϾȻôͰԼϳˡ
һ֮ͣǰڻʼǰһֱˣͻȻ֮һŮˣѱ鲻ãֱӸԼһ۾֮
顱һĬֱ˫ϥأɫ࣬ˡ
ҲһסˣĬôһӱûʲô飬ΪʲôҪӡ
Ĭ¹ͬʱڵ˶Ĭ۾֮Ǽֺγûء
ǻ谮ĹĬܸ˻ϣΪĬϸ橾Լˡ
ʣĬûйϵǶĬģҪͰѶһȥɡ
һϲɵһЦʲôʱ˵ҪĬˡ
ˣɡ
Ȼûеõһ϶ĻشǼ˵ʲôԸվ
ǻϲ̾һǶǺúӰùǡ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ뵽ϲܻΪʹҼƽô࣬ĬڶﻹһӣʱĬҲòǵظӶһ㡣
̫࣬߰ѱ̫⣬վԼĽǶϣĬòе鶼˭֪ͻȻı˾ģԼ֮ʲô鷳


660 ʥ2
˻⻰˵ȻҲվȻֻĬԭأڻУȴڵϣİҹ۲ѡ
İҹݺݵս˫ȭǹǰæģǹĥģһڤ粻飬İҹԼҲһЩԭ顣
ò˵İҹһֱǰĬڵһλ˭˺ĬֻҪһ죬;Բ鷢
ȻҲоİҹĲϲ
λϻҪĬæȻҲҵĬҪǰĬĬʲôɡ
ĬؿŻϣϣϣ֮ǰĬƭһŮˣȻ֮ǰһֱ˵֣ĬŮװ۾֮
ŻҲû뵽ĬȻ˵⻰ԭôžΪ顣
ϲЦˣɣ֪飬Ҫ㣬ȻҲȵڣˡ
ĬвһĨŨŨľȣȻû뵽ϾȻ֪顣
İҹŲʵ۵ǲ֪飬һһҪĬİҹһֱӴĬ뿪ǡ
ĺ֮ǲȥġ
ˣҲõˣСŵ㡣İҹĬ塣
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷԼˣȻʲô⡣
Ĭлϲ
һ΢΢ҡͷݣĬʱҲŨŨϧͺǿԼСһ
Ĭ޵þˣӦҲ֪ˣҪô죬޶ġ㣡
⻰һǰ˸ݺݵؾȵˣû뵽ϾȻ̬ȡ֮ǰǻڵĻƫ̻ѩѾѩԻסˣ֮󲻹˭˵ʲôȥ
ʵȫһڻѾԶѩ˾裬ȻҲ˵⻰
һ뵽Ŀԡ
ʣǲǶѩŮвˣңȥ𣡡
΢΢ҡͷˣǼȥһߣ޺ĬлҪ˵˵橵ĻϵȻԸʱֱ뿪ֻܼ˵ˣĻʵۣѵв㸸ʲɣˣõЩ߰飬øʺĬ˵仰
вģϻϿ϶ɫҲò¡
һʣĬİҹͻˡ
İҹû뿪ϷҲûж˵ʲôдѾµİҹ֪ǺĬվһߵģȻҲûʲôûرܵġ
ȿڣĬ֪֮ˣĻˣµĻˣҲֻһܹˡ
ĬһϵϢͨҾ֮ˡ
֪һ֣ô֪Щĳǻ֮ˣ׻֣Ĭ֪ζ˵ǳأ²˰ܶϣˡ
ϲ̾Ϣһһ֣ظĸпò˵˵ĬģѹҲǷǳ޴ĬҲᵣԼĲãǻô졣
ϣȻѾΣҲһŬȥãһԷġ
ĬŻϵ΢΢üģڻϿȥҲǺܺã˵ϸҪ壬ĬѧһЩҽҸѰ
ΪɱζѩȫҲһЩĵҩԽԽˡڳ˵ҩ֮󣬻оһԵҩͻûܡ
Ҳ¶ΣԼѾûˡȻٸһѡĻᣬǻô
һܻ֮ʵְλԼͬʱҲòԼӦóеΡ
ĬŻϵⷬпԽжòгϣһһѵõĺûʵۡ
һĬ͸Ӽᶨ˾ģһҪ취κûϵ
ϣҴ˽һЩԷģһ취Ĳ
ȻϷûô⣬Ѿ£ĵĻ֧Ų𰡡
Ĭдָжᶨ˵ϣԷģһжȸ㿴
ٸϿ֮ĬеĲ²õ֤ȻѩϷõĵҩкħڵܵħĸš
ϣҺûȫöѩĵҩħⱣĬа취Щħ
ħƻϵһħ͸ȥҪװѻҲһħˣȵɹʱ򣬻ϾͻʧȥԼʶֻӶѩָȵǸʱµġ


661 ʥ3
ϲǰһѾԼѾûˣĬͻȻվ˵а취ڵβûϲ⡣
Ĭа취
Ĭɫ϶ȻҲֱ˵ˡ
ģѾƳֿħİ취ˮ˰ɣ֮ ȻȻĻָ
˵ĬӿڴͳһƿˮǰһûлɹĬ⻰٣ʶĬܻ˵ƭԼ
жûκοǣֱӾͰĬˮȥζ㴼ڴһ˿ͻȻþ
֮ǰһһֻþԴӵò֮󣬾Ҳûˡ
ʱ򣬻һϾͺһַǳԵĸоϰڻʧ˶ˡ
Ĭޣĺˣ
ǿƲס˷ܡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷϺǵļƻҲаǴӿڴóһƿˮϣħţﻹһƿˮ㿴ŷãˮԻϵħ޸塣
ãĬ̫ˣ޾ˡ
ĶҲգȫһˡ
ˮھͷܺã֣֮һ˴Ӻ˳
Ĭİҹ˶һĨȣ˵ں˶ãûע⵽ᣵĺ澹Ȼһˡ
ΪĬǽܡ
Ĭвؾȣǻܵİֻڵۻʣ꣬Ǿ͸ĬһΪ׼
ںҲĬͻ֮ǰĶԻһֱܵĻϵ
ӰǻΪؼҲΪǿǵĴھΪ˱֤ܹһȥʵ˶ԹΣ飬ӰܹȻʵϷֻλ
Ϊһ찵Ӱͳ죬ϳеȻһ㶼С
óһεĻǸûϣΪڷ˶ѩĵҩ֮־壬괦گòԻ϶֣Ҳϣֵ
Ĭĳ֣ûⷽĵģԻѾʼһеһжµϣ
ǣּ
ԼôشĬĻԸӶԷϾĬΨһһܹΣˡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣ȫû뵽ϻԼΣҪֱ¶Լǰѵ浱˷Լ
ϣҾûǲ˰ɡӰӦǱİοǸң˭أǸɣҲòʲô˰æ
Ĭ⻰Ҳģٶ˸ԼҲȫ𲻵ʲôá
ȻжѾ¶˾ģѾʲô˶ıˡ
ѾĬڵĶѩǿ޺ôһ֮ѩֱΪޣͲһһˡڶѩѾշ˳زߣҲܷġ
Ȼ϶ô˵ˣĬȻûΪѣĬȻҲֻΪͬǣܾһ׮鷳顣
뿪ʹҶѧԺС
ԺҲĬѧԺʱһֱסĵط
һʱӭ˹֪Ĭǽǽʥڻʲô˭ҲǺȻҲһ͵Ļʲô⡣
ôϻô˵
ʵ˵ףĵĻĬȷĬû֮ҲܺݺݵһǶʵˡ
ĬŶ˵ͷһȺ˻ǽȥ˵
ʵǻǼҲк棬ϵǺĬ˵ʲôŮһ˳ȥ
رǸĬһˣһ·ϾҪˣǲǻϰŸĬˡ
߽䣬һԶͰԼҪʵͳͳ˵˳
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷЦˣȻ橻Ǻǰһ㶼زס飬ҲѹֻϻᵣĻ橵ҲӦǾ¸ĸģ϶ԻŮϵȷǺġ
橣һô⣬㵽ȻشĸȽϺá
Ҳ⣬һȷѾûʲô֮Ҳ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ±ÿ
࣬һش𣬷ǴҶѩҲʱʱ䡣
⵹Ҳǻ橻˵Ļ
ĬϽһ»Ͻ飬ȻҲʡȥ˺ܶ಻˵Ļ⣬ЩʼҵĻܣȻûи߻橣ĬȻҲʱ˵
Ĭ̬ȣ귴иܹȷλһǳȷ飬ĬǲľǸ֮ˣƷͷǳֵ˿϶


662 ħĹƣ1
дȷĬ˵⣬лһЩʣͱ˵Ĭʲô
ȻĬ˵԰עϣ˵ɣ㵽ʲôˣΪʲôӻʹ͸ˡ
֮ǰ橲˵ǵĻ𶫷ѩע⣬ڶѾص˰ȫĵطΪ˱֤طİȫҲһҪ˵ݸ
橲ʶ꣬϶ʶ橵ģһʱӻϵڰ͵͵橵İȫֻǻԼ֪ˡ
橹꣬ǻ蹫ӵ⼸ȫ蹫ӵİš
ǲĬȥܾô֡
ǲ⻰ΪʲôĬ˵ǲ˭ļϸ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ˵һ乫İɣ겻ʲô⣬ǻǵģõġ
ֱĬ˵⻰΢һ㣬ϾĬܲ˵ѡ橲˵Ȼʹһ黹֪ģвɴһĨȣ´һ꣬ҾȻ֮ǰûм㡣
겻ֱӱ¶ԼӰӰǻʼΪҲΪεһ֧飬ǹûеõϵͬ⣬ҲܰЩͻ˵
ϹϾػش𣺡ڶ࣬ûмҲҲǽű׼˻ߣڻ蹫߱
нŽɣܾ鲢ûô򵥣һȴҲԾĵطҲֻܷ
ȻˣͺúøĬΪĬ£Ҫ˷˸ʵ⡣
ò˵֪ϾȻߵḺ̌ĬжпʼĽĬִŮܵĴ
ǻ橣͸Ӷˡ
ĬһҪ취һ취ѩڳеԽȹ̣˵͸Ӳˡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷѩǶƤħȻܱ׿͸Ҳ
ţ֪һҪһķѩʵɲ⣬ĪС˵ˡ
ʵ⻰Ĭ˵˶֪
Ӯšüģ˵ҵõһЩСϢ֪˵ûкô
Ĭ֪ӮھǿԼϢӮķ绪¥Ӫ鲼ĺѾ͸Ӳ˵ˣֻҪƾŷ绪¥˵ţòĸԸΪ¡
Ӯ֪ʲôֱ˵ɣﶼˡ
Ӯ֯һԣ˵һһЩͯͯŮѾвٺ޹ʧҾǵʧƺ֯йء
ȻȥͶѩûʲôϵһ漰ͯͯŮ޹ӵʧһͥ˵һǳܽܵĽ
ħûκιϵĬҲʲôܡ
Ĭİҹ˶һۣǴӶԷпһ˿أȻ뵽һ
飡һҪ
İҹɫ࣬ͷų˵ϢҲ˶ɾ
ħֵ飬ĬûֱӺͻǼ˵͵ϢӽšȻ˽ⶫѩħ˾ȫһˡ
Ϣ˲ɫɷףƲסػ
һҪֹȻ˶Ҫ군
㲻˻ľֱӰѶˡ
ں֮ǰʶˣ֮ǰĹϵɾͲôˣӿ˵ΪĬĹϵ˴˶ǿԷ˳ۡ
㣡㣬ô
ܳȻ˼϶ǸĬǹġ
橺סԼԶĲϲ֮ǰ㻹ԴҲΪʱ͸ѵõ˵ۡ
ʱ˵ǰԹʱ
ĬǰһΪͣ橣Ҵġ
⻰һҲ˵ĬվڶһߵġĬ򶫷㣬㣬֪顣
֪ĬĪҪĳ嶯Ҫ뿪
ħħħٻħ飬ĬĬһҪ֯
ʥŮĳЩĸ֪ܶˣԸоԼĺ
һħѾô޴룬ħħͳͳٻˣ
橴û˵飬ȻŶ⻰һ㣬Ƿ˲ɣ


663 ħĹƣ2
ȻĬк˵ĲǺǶͨĳָ֪֪ʲôɡ
ĬɺݺݵšüģǶ˵ȷ鷳ˡ
һҪʱֹħĹƣ
橸ԵĵĶȴֻԱظղŵĻ˵ԼûκηĻȥͺħһ
Ȼ˻֮⣬ڿĬı֮ҲɺݺݵذĸȥĬ˶Ļ
ôҲ˵ǲ֪£ʵʲôµˡ
Ȼһھǣȫû˵ʲôħħ֣Ͳòнţ˭ֻ֪ᷢʲô
ǼĬȻҪĬһ𰸡
ȻһĬȴ϶˵ʲôǼȻ֪飬ǾԻʲô֪ȽϺá
ħֻ̫֪˵Ŀֻţڽûκΰ
Ĭİҹ˶һۣڶԷпһĽ΢΢ͷѡ
ȻǵУĬǺ죬ĬĻѧԺгϦദӮȫһˡ
Ĭվһؽ͵ʵģѩһħĹֹǳһɣ˼ԲĶ֡ڵϵֹɹħ
Ĭô˵ҲǺţȻĬȻô˵ˣ϶ĬԼĵһҲ׼˵
ҲֻлһĬ⻰û⡣
źߣҾ˵ˣں˵˵ʲôħģѩȻħǾԲܷŹ
֪˶ѩͼ֮󣬻橷ˡ
ڻУѩѵܱȵù˼
ѩȻץȡͯͯŮħֲʲ飬ץס֤֮󣬾ԲܷŹ
Ĭ΢΢ͷṩϢӮھϢͨ˻Ӯ飬ǻӮæ
ӮҲϢͨܲҵ͵ӵ֤ݣǲҪݾߣȰѺӸȳ˵
Ӯ֣صصͷ¹ش󣬾Ĭ˵Ҳһȥ
ĬǷģѾ˵ˣעһ£һܷŹЩ͵ӵˡʲôĿģ͵ɥĲԲ
Ĭ΢΢ͷӮ֣ĬһѾµһ
ãӮʲôҪֱӺ˵ţҵЩ˵Ĳ֮֮һ¾µİ취
Ӯ˵ͷҲôģԭ׼ԼԸǰ͵ӵˣҲû뵽ĺ滹ǣôǺˣĬڣҲ᷽ܶࡣ
ãĬģֻҪһϢҾͻֱ㣡
ӦҪ鶼Ѿ˵ˣʱ䲻磬ĬǼͳѧԺ
橺ߣȻӮȴ
Ĭһ֪ղŵĻҪӮܿɾͲһ׵ˡ
Ӯ׼ֵܺ
֪Ӯ˿кܶɻ󣬲Ĭ׼Ͼ˵ڣĿ⿴ӮԼ⡣
ӮһȻܾĬ飬϶ĵͷãǾϲ顣
Դϴμ֤ĬĻ֮ǾкܳһʱûмˡӮвɻһĨ̾ϢûвɢϯֻǷǶ̶һ겻ʱ䣬ĸڶԷֿ
ĬܲµӮ˼˵ӮҲһ飬Ҳ̫ڹµ
˵Ҳǣǵĸһ𣬜ϫϹߵһڻϹҲûлĬԼںİҹףһﶼѾһӣǼҲӮһˡ
Ĭ⻰һӮʼɣԼǲҲӦȥѰһŮѣҸĽ
ӮƱİҹһƣİʦĬһˣڶ֪ôƺˣףҸĬӴʲôʱ㻹Ҫ壬ĪԼ̫ۡ
İҹ΢΢ͷģһչ˺Ĭİҹͺá
İ仰ҲǶӮ֮ǰĻشɡ
ʵİҹûϱֳĮԼϤˣİҹһǳõˡףͲΣ𣬶ԴѼá


664 ħĹƣ3
ѾԻĬͻȻʼǲԼŪˣӮΪԼΪİҹ
Ĭ΢΢ˮĺ뵽ԼĺӣʵʵԱ߻ȵ¸Լһںӳ֮ǰĬкǾԲƣΪԼԭ˺ӣĬƻԼ
ĬǻһĨȻЦݣӮ豭
Ӯûа취ȾˣԲƣϣ꣬ǼһѾԻʱٽϹ͜ϫ
ĬľƣӮ᲻ȣһӮһֱĬԼϴһϣûб
ʱӮ;Ĭʵǿ󣬶Ӯʵһ㣬ҪύԷһʵǿ˶ϲһȻĬȴǳϣûԼһеСӡ
һʱ䣬ӮԼʵҲǿ˲٣ΪĬڵԭ򣬷绪¥ھǷչĸãԼҵҲ˲֡
ӮֻĬһ
ĬԶҵϴ󣡡ӮɫᶨĬЩ۲˼ˡ
ĬһӮļ򣬾Ȼһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôźá
һһصԭλ¡
ӮĬİҹϹ˺üƣ־ȴԽѣĳĬԼԲŻ᲻˼ֱ˵
Ӯҡҡͷһ˿ã˦ں˼֮ӮҲ˼ֹ˼ɣ˵ʲôֱ˵ʲôˡ
ĬֱӸҰɣղŶ˵ĻʵĶԲԣǸħʲô㲻˵Զ
Ĭ֪쳣ƽӮ飬Ĭ֡
ʵĲѩħ˵ӣҼ򵥵˵ħ˽磬ѩǵһħֵˣѾǶѩ׼ȷ˵ħ֮ڡ
Ӯɺݺݵüģдϲµһְ֮ǰĩ֮˵ϵһвֱӲһֺܿµ뷨
ħǲǾǺ֮ǰĩ˵һģħ֣ĩ
ȻܲϣĬǸ˿϶Ļش˵ͷ
Ӯɫһ䣬Ӧô죡
֮ǰӮҲͰǹûжϣǵúúõģôܻһĩ
ȻĬ˵Ӯȴǲһ޾ľ֣Ǻµġ
ôСǿħǰ㷴ûС
ĬһӮļʾ侲
ֻҪħ岻ģ֣ǻʤħİ취ħ˳ٻħ֮ڣôҪһͿ̿
Ĭһ̾Ҳĵ顣
˭֪ᷢʲôѾкܳһʱûмħĬǽŵģ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
ӮĬ⻰ҲɺݺݵüģħʵǲǷǳǿĬܶԸ𣡡
ʱ䶫ѩھһ޴ı仯Ӯ벻֪λС㶼ǲܵ顣
ȻӱϿӮûпѩжٹ֮
ԽʾˣǸӵ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷҲӮ̫ڽţ˵ֻħһˣ߾˵϶ܰܣȻɹǡ
ĻĬȻûֱ˵ӮⶼѾˣݺݵصͷлһĨâ˴㣬ĬģԲ֣ҲԲ֡
ӮܷչڵĵزԼһϢ磬Ȼûıϡ
ĩӮȻҲûˣǾʲôûˡ
ĬģʲôҪģ㾡ܿھͺáӮҲ֮𡣡
Ĭ϶ĵͷһֱ֪ӮʵһԼĳ
ãѰҽͯͯŮͽˣ
ĬҲѾħռͯͯŮ⣬ȵħɹռһ˸ͯͯŮ׼Щ죬ʼٻ֮ŵʱ
Ӯ֣صصͷģҷһʱá
ãӮξ鷳ˡ
ӮݺݵҡͷĬ֮ﻹҪ˵Щ͵˵ˣǽħǴҲܸˡ
κ鶼Ҫħȡ


665 Эͬ
֮ǰѾоĬĻҪ֪һе࣬Ȼõİ취ʵûԶĬͱ֮ǳĬûעʱ˻
رĬȻ˵˹ħ֮󣬻Ѿһסˡû뵽Ȼģħһˡ
ҪŻ橣Сǳ˳ȥ
ĬӮ˵껰֮󣬻ҲֱһǰǰҾӦ˵ĵطɡ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣Ŀ䵽ߵϣ֮ٺǳȵ
ô
Ĭ˵⻰ʱҲɾԼɵˣ˸û뿪ԲŻڳ
İҹ΢΢橺˿Դ͢ˣӦ֪İҹһ˶ڲݴĶ橺ˣȻİҹȴûĬ
İҹĿ⿴򲻿˼ˣЦһղŵĻ˰ɡ
Ĭ΢΢˳飬ǿڵѾܹµһˣڻ鶼֪ˡ
Ĭε̯֣ղ˵ĶǺģŰɣҲ˵ʲôˡ
ʵѾˣһʱ֮仹ǲԸܣĩҪôõҪȴǵʲô˭Ҳ˵ˡ
뵽һ㣬橼ʶҪȥܾ𰸣֪
Ĭղ˵Ķģʲôµħħռǻʲô
橺ݺݵս˫ȭɫȻĬ򶨵⣬ȴħһ橲ɻ侲
ʵѾвŵĽԾΪ˺ǵҲòѧ侲
ղŻܼһҽܲģСŮˣʱȴһ侲
ĬĹӦóеΣҼ뵽м䣡
橹ȻĳƺţɫᶨƣȻѾ˾ģʲô鶼ûıˡ
һ׮Ҳһ䡣
ͻ橲һĸӳԶһЩ
ĬҺ橼뵽м䣬ǹǼܹԿħ𣡲ȥͳ͢ʥӢ϶׵ģ
ȻҲ˵κ⣬ȻĬȴǲܴӦ⻰
ڳ͢Ѿ뱻ѩˣǺͳ͢Ѱնѩôܻʵ
У㲻Ҫ˶ѩǹʦôܻԼΣգǲܴݾߣ
ĬֱӾܾⷬ飬ûоʲôãԼתһ밡ԼվĬĽǶϣҲͬ
˵ͷʾԼղŵΪ⣬Բ𣬸ղҰüˡ
ްӢѾҰǾͲȥˡĬһʼΪκĻʼҰڽϣʱȥѰһϣҪһҲֻ޼¡
֪ϵĬǸոոϿ壬ڻϵȷںתΪŮ᲻ԼҸ̫ڵģûʲôŶÿֲ£Ӳ˵ǻˡ
ģԲܸ߸ʣȻ͸鷳ˡ橲ɺݺݵüģ˵ʵ岻ãǰЩó˵ⲻǰ𣡡
ȷ᲻ûϵģԸԼЩͳͳеˡ
ȻĬͻ橶ô˵ˣȻҲ˵ʲôĿ⿴Ĭŵ꣬Ѿµһ
ʵѾѴѩͳͳиĬǻɸĬ
ⷽ棬ʲô˶
ãĬǶ㣬鰵ноͺã̫֪á
Ĭ⻰ʾ˳ֵĿ϶òϣ˵⻰ĬҪ˵飬Ҫ˵Ŀֻš
ڴҶõһµ
橷Щ˼ˣղôԶ㣬ʵ˵Ĳ顣
㣬ղŶԲˣҲ֪࣬˵
ŶǸ橵ԸԼˣͻϣҪʲôֱֱģûʲôļơ
Ҳû뵽õ橵ĵǸҲľϲ
ղ̫ˣһϢܽҲӦõġһѾƽȻԻʲô


666 ħ
˫˵֮ԹϵҲʱҲĲˣ뿪
ĬкںԺס£ĬҲ
ҹ
ƺһжԵôƽȻıȴڸӵĺ档
ѩۿµˣռͯͯŮǳҪ鵽ײܷ˶֪һҲֻ͵͵С
Ǽôˣ
ѩǻһĨаȵЦݣָذϵӣ䡣
Ƕѩյħ壬Դϴθոհħ󻤷ٻ֮ţͱĬ֮󣬶ѩͲħٻԼ˼Լ¡ʱ䶫ѩΪӦֵ֮һ
ѩǳʲôҪ飬ѩԼֱ֣ȥ
ҲûöѩʧȥʲôÿζܸѩĺܺãѩҲ͸ӷȥ¡
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Ϣѩ¶һĨοЦݣصص˵ͷ
úܺãºһúüν㣬Ҫʲô
ڵϣɫ࣬һֳݵĿ⿴Ŷѩ
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ʵĿ⣬ѩҲɱжˣܸܵԼĸ顣˰
ڵĶѩǶѩħѾ϶Ϊһûа취ֿ׼ȷ˵ڿ˻ħԴħ֮󣬾εȨ
ħԭǰѩѾԼɣʶѾҲѩӰ
ȻʵѩΪΪ谮ŮȻҲԼı
ѩڱħݵʱ򣬱ܵ˵ΣգڵһʱѶѩħûз֣Ķѩûȥ
ڵĶѩʧȥ˶ԼȨܵصˣͶԼ麣ĵط͵͵ˣѩԼĽ֪ռԼħǳǿ󣬵ҲҪһѡ
Ȼڶѩڿħ¶ݰĽ飬絶ҪȥҪҪôɵŮ˸ͲԼ
Ȼڶѩȴֻ͵͵ضʲô
ħָʾŭԹ飬ΪŰѩ޲þȥ
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ĪܵһɱˣһʹȻڶϡѩ⣬һƽ
Ⱳ˾ǶѩֻҪǶѩҪ飬ǧУȥοⲻȥ͵ӡ
ԸȥڵĶѩ֮ǰһĵطֻҪ򵥵ĸĺ棬Ѿ㡣
ѩǹһĨаȵЦݣ˰Ľ⣬ħҲɱжˡ
ԼҲİĽһˣȻȴǲмһˣҪϲ͹ŸɣΪħҪ²ϲһУͳͳ˾ǡ
ǲǾͻˣٴμǵˣʹԼҲĸԸܼסԼˡ
ħתͷϲԼ
ͺǿһԼħҲ
һдŨŨư΢΢ϲҡ
Ǳһӿĵ׵С˼һ죬һ޴ؿǰ߸ϵŮˣŵشԴ
ңҡ
طԼȻ֪Ӧôشڽţں¡
ܵԼ򶫷ѩԼ⣬Լ֮ߵĻᶼûˡ
ħȴһ£ҪŪһˡ
Ůϸָ°ͣ΢΢ţΪʲôҿң⣬ǲϲң
Ůа欵ĿֱҪɥҪĽ£ϵͽ
Ұ㣡
ԼشǶѩҪĻشԲκγɣֱӿ϶ĸش
ҵŮֻߣʲô飬ҶԸ⣡ҵŮ񣡡
˭᲻ϲĻħҲ⡣
ħҲףԼڿ֮󣬾ͻĪĺøУҪͶԷһ
ħЦˣһסԼģԽұĿ
ҪǻҪԼһ


667 ڶ飬ɱ¾1
ǰŮ˵ʲôҲȥ˼ԷʲôֻҪѩڣҲΪ
ⰮĽߵĳ羴Լ
Ȼģ䵽ĶѩУȴǸۣɵϣЩڶѩֻϣɵ뿪뿪µħ
ѩƴҪȥˣһֱΪԼ£һξ͵ԼΪƴһѡ׻ɢѩҲҪħ￹һѡ
ȻȶѩлȥϱԼķɲܷԼ˾ȥ
ҳȥ
ѩƲסҪȥԼˣѵҲǴ
ȻѩûдֻǷеԼ˳ȥ
ϵڶѩ𣬡ˣ֮ûлָܲ˳ȥ᳹׻ɢġ
ѩ֮ǰ֪ıڣ֮ǰ־ԼȻڿѩһô嶯ҪȥڿƲסվ˳
ѩγ֪ԼǾµռԼħܲˡ
ܲˣҾҲҪȥ࣡
ѩѾûԼ»ȥĿԣ˵Ǳ˱ľĶ֡
ȻǶѩԼҲῴŶѩȥ
侲һ㣬һа취ģ侲ӦȥʲôһлģȵŮиʱ򣬾Ƕֵʱ
ڶѩҲ侲ĺףԼʱȥˣκΰ
һ룬ѩҲֹͣҪȥħƴ뷨һ鰲οԼһҵʵʱȵʱһҪץסԷҪ
Ȼħǲ֪ô̵ʱԼղžͲ԰Ѷѩץ
ħԼ뷨зӦȻѾܻ֣תһڴҲĪȻΪβץסǰҸ
ŮסĲӣϲңҿɺã
ҲһӱǰСŮⷬŵˣûһ춫ѩȻῴԼ˳ۡ
һӣĲԼƲס˫ַΡΡؿǰŮˣгϡ
ڡѩǰ˫ϥŵأɫ档
ˣҵˣΪκ鶼ĸԸ˲
еȻҲӵжѩһֱѶѩеŮڶѩͻȻ˵⻰֮ʣµȴ㯣֪ԼλӦ
ԶԶѩΪȣӵĵǣѩΪģίԼ
˵ʲô
ϡѩõ飬Ȼ֪ԼľٶöѩˣڶѩˣҪ˵
ģˣһԸ̷ҡҡ
ѩЦˣ᲻˵˼ںԼԲŻĻ
ذӵϷ˫޵ḧļ˲˽Ӳֱۣ֮ת˵ĺ󱳡
һסˣԭأһҲҶҪƿѩнҾͺһӶһȫһӸգãнŵĲԼ
ˡ
ѩЦˣ˳˵ػȥһֱ뵽Է棬ŮԴָ˳ȵƤͺǱһ
һǵûͨͨ죬֪ԼʱӦʲôףһ˲˲ضŮ˵Ķ
֪Ҫ㣡
ħҪ˻ǶжôѣҲ뾡һа취ѶԷԼġħҪռˣ
㶵ĿŮϤգӲԭأַŮˣԼľΨһŮ
ħ쳣Ķεƿе飬˾ԼĸƷһжԼƿء
ŮһĨŨŨķ񣬹ǿģͲϹзռ
ǸˣħȴѾеǸغϵһ
ħвòϣԼ飬ܵһֲͬһůůȴԵԼͷַޡ
ҪռˣҪطй
ԼӦŮ˲κϧݿļ򣬺ʹһѪζǶԷȴûҪſ˼


668 ڶ飬ɱ¾2
ѩ˵ļ򣬱ϢһɵѪζǻдζϢ˷ζϲζ
Ѫζ
ѪӴ̼ħ񾭣Ҫ࣬ͺһ֪ѪһѪҪĸࡣ
ӲϵʹϵĥͿȫԲˡ𻯲İâںԼѪǲ˵ʵϲԼģ˵ϲѪ
һ򵥵֪ȴǲ鼤ֽţֻһϲ䵽УѾ㡣
ңˣˡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôᷢڷؿǰŮˣȻǶѩⱲŮˣԶŮԼκ鶼ǶԶѩһð
ȻĶ䵽ħУȴǲɸˣϲ޹ı飬˵ϲԼ֪ħз⣬ϲˡ
ԣҵģԺֻң
Ůѹһ޾ջ󣬾Կκ˶Ϊ֮ԣӲ˵ϲѩ
ͷÿһϸڷؽԼϲǰŮˣӴõ
ȻһȴŮǶѩַ
Ƶߴ޾ѹֺͿƣϲһˣžҪõһͳͳԷкܶණֻǼ򵥵صõ
ģҵһж˵ģ
ħ̬ȣȻϲֺαѹԼŮлһĨİâΪǸȻԷҲ࿴һֺۣαҪЩ
ûзӦ֮ʣŮץס·һֻ˹һϷǳ·˲䱻˺ãɲǼڡѩǰͱʲôģˡ
΢΢һ㶣˲Ƭ̣Ȼ֮ǸӼ飬ҪռжԷݺݵռ
ԭħҪĽ˻ûп֮ʣħ˵ˡ
Ҫ㣡ң
ãģ
Ȼһҵս£Ů΢΢۾ζԼģвɲһֱУһֱǲǾͻúܶأ
ħһִԼ֮ǰϲһֱ˵ϲĽ֮ҲϲģкܶҲᷢҲҸܶࡣ
˭ǵãʵСӣִӣ֮ǹ˷ڡ
Ȼ˭Ҳǵðɡ
ʱסǿҵ˳طŮ˵ĻȻ˺ҲƲסóµŮҲҲѹԼ
ֻһ뷨ҪݺݵҪ
ҪڶѩԼĺۼͺһһŮ˾Լģ˭ҲҪŮˡ
ʱ
Ķѩ絶ʣѩ֮ǰ֪Լ׶һôĸоƺԶԼߣġ
ѩܾԼһתܿŵ˻ԶػԼȻʵȴۡ
ĳŵһֱػŶѩ
ȻɵϣڵĶѩѾԭ˰
ѩµŮˣռԼ壬˷Ƹ꣬ͼʵ÷
ģںԼҲУǲԼ갡
ܵѩʹѹֵģħȴΪ߳뵽һȽ޵״̬ھħͲʱ
𣬴޾ࡣ
ˣʱȥȨֻһᣡ
ѩǰһ벻лȥԼȨȲѺĻ˵꣬ѩʹӱзԾȥ
Ȼѩо棬ԤĻͱִȻһѪȷ磬ȻЩͳͳûз
ԷͺûвѩͻȻ֣ҲûֹȥȡԼȨǳ׾ٵģѩֱûԼȨ
Ȼɹˣ
ѩĶǾȣû뵽龹Ȼеɡ
ҲҺöѩлһ֪Լʱ䲻࣬ȵǸħŮԼʱһжˡ
໡š
ѩһ죬ȴһֱ㣬ԭԼһ𣬻ҸĸоѩǺڣΪʲôԼĵһˣ
Ȼ뷨Ҳ˲


669 ڶ飬ɱ¾3

ѩƲסؽг
òϣԼˣ
Ƕѩһˣ
Ǹ˭
ؼǸˣȻԼİŮ˵ĵһΣԼ뷨ԣ롣
У

ѩҲ֪ǸħŮʲôʱӦȵǸʱ˵ʲôˡ
Ů˺ݺݵģһҧס˵ļ򣬿ǻĶѪζǶѩԡ
Ȼͺ񲻸оһ
ѩʵûа취ˣסĸ첲ڹ˼ʲô˼ֻʱҪ˵Ļͳͳ˵
Ұ㣡Ҷѩϲˣ
ŮͻȻĸף⼴֮ǰѩҪʱû˵ڵĻ˲Ҳ侲ʹޣղŶʲô
ȻҪַʽѩΪ˺ùⲢԭԼ
һֱԼֻҪлܹһֱڶѩ߾Ѿ㹻һ㶼̰ģǺڵõ֮Ҳ̰ˡ
ѩ˵аԼ֮ѡһֻܹƽ
ѩҡ
ʱţѩֻԼҪ˵˵꣬ѩסɫţûʱˣ˵
һοѩʧ̬ģȻҲҪԣ˵ˣɫؿŶѩ
ã˵
ĪĿֻţܵĶѩ˵ĻԼôܲ˵
ѩɫ࣬˵þȣЩġ֮ǰʵңһħŮռҵ壬Ҫ磡ӣ뿪ħŮǶģҪٰħŮˣ
һͣĶǲ˼飬
һħŮռ˶ѩ壡
δţҲܹûа취š
ѩǲǲˣôʼ˵ˣô᲻㣡
΢΢ҡͷûа취⻰
Ȼѩû̫ʱЩʵǶѩҲǲܺЩ鵽ô¡
أ뿪ħ
ڶѩֻô˵ûа취͡
Ҫ˵ʲôѩȴһӱһŮ˲ȥҺú汾ʲô⡣
ѩѩ
Ȼһôѩ֣ԷûܸһӦˡ
ҺãҺǸħŮӦ֮ǰˣһҪһҲãղǸħŮ֪ʲôһҵľ磬ȻҲûл˵Щ
ѩѾԼҪ˵ͳͳ˵ˣںôһ㶼ﲻæ
һᶫѩлڵʲôʱ˵һЩ顣
ںѩ֣Ů˻˫ۣ˽ŵ飬΢סĲӣôڽң
һұ
һͣŮ˲Ƕѩ
֮ǰĶѩ뵽֮ǰѩ˵ĻѾ˴룬ħﾹȻռ˶ѩ壡
ħ΢΢üģϲɵı顣Ửָ޵ظ˹壬ڼ
ʲôҪ㣡
˿֪˲䶼ַĸоҪħȻȴֲòħǰװ˳ģ
ѩҪúõģħŮĶ֣ţһҵ취һҪħߣѶѩһ
һǰŮˣǶѩֲǶѩ
ǣ
ħ΢עһ㣬һע⵽˿һĵطŮ߰Ӹоеһжƿ֮Уû˭Լƿء
Բûзϡ
ħոͨһЩ
ŮǹһĨаȵЦݣԭҲһֱܡ


670 Ŀ
ɹذħӦ˹ȥԴѩ֮һ˶һˣ뷨
ȻƽʱǺԭһֻҪħͳͳȥãʼһռȨЩСħҲ⣬Ըˡ
ѾħĻ֮ڳԹ֮ħͺһ̰ĵĺӣƲסҪ࣬ռˡ
ȻһЩС£ħȻҲ˵ˣֻҪˣҲ⡣
ȻҪһ㣬ħԼҲЩС档
ͳ죬˽ȥСѾߵһ
Ͷѩ֮鲢ûҪκˣڲ˶֪飬Ҳ⣬ĹϵܰվȽŸ
ѾΪˡѩ֮˵Ȩˡ
΢΢ͷã֪ˣȥɡ
ֱ뿪ҲֻȫĵطŸұ¶ԼڶħŮ񣬿ǲò侲ҪֳռݶѩħŮİĽ
ʱ޿̣оһĥûа취ܡ
ƴԼҪ侲Խʱ͸Ҫ侲ǸħŮʲôߡ
⼸ԼĹ۲쿴Ķѩ棬ûȨƲԼ塣ħŮӦǲ֪ѩţȻ϶Ź
һ͸еҪħŮ֮Ѷѩȳ
һ뵽ڰеǵˣԺĶ
Щ֮Ҳ΢΢һһšѩסĵطȥԼӦʲôʲô˵ 
ˣˣ
ضšѩһ̬Ͼһ
ǰħһ㶼ʲô⣬ȻĹϵͻͽħвòϣ˶ˡһħҪĸ࣬˲öԼϥ
Ů˲΢΢šüģ̾һԺԺҲ񡣡
ħȨ
˵΢΢Դƺǲ˼ˣȻֻҪѹǿҵʹޣԼƲס
ǣ
밮еŮˣħҲɱһСŮˣһ֮ǰаȺǿƣҪúöá
Ů˲΢΢šüģϲı飬Ҫһǳͨ򵥵ŮˣǾһƽ¡
㲻ࡣħվرסļҪչֳԼĸ顣
ϲһˣҪкõĸͳͳ׸Է
ң
ѾǵһѾѧᵭˣϲŮˣǳ޵ģȻڱҪһᰮĽı顣
һ̺ħԼĻᡣ
֮ǰ̺ħ˹µʱĶѩлħŮиʱ֣Ϊ뷨ԽϣԼܼѩһ棬ֻк̵ܶʱ䡣
ȻҪĻѵˣ
ҲҺħ֪ⷬ˼ȻֻöԷΪ˺ģ͸ӲܷŹˡ
ȻħΪǳ⣬ϲˣ˸ԼĿ֣
ţ
Ů˵иԼⶼǼٵģڵһͣŮ˲Ƕѩκϧĵط
ԽͺҪԼһ״̴ħŮ
ǲħŮˣѩܹأ
ĶĶѩȻҲУ۲ѣҪȥȻȴǲܷȥ
ڶѩȥֻħɣẦˡ
ѩ£ôôɵҶһħͷôأ
ѩҲϲµˣĻŲԼҪԼķʽԼ
˾һɵϣڸ
ѩǾ뿴ΪԼǿƲסذĿŵϡ
һһŮеʹ࣬ħһ㶼ûиоŮ΢΢˫ۣʵ˾Լû˵Ķѩ
Ůػס˵Ĳӣƺ԰Լϸĸ߳
СӣСӣ
Сӣӣӣӣ£ŮЦݲãԼаĽĶԷ˵ʱתƺ±ˡ


671 üӦ1
᲻ףνСӣĳƺħŮ֣ħŮѾռ˶ѩ壬ڻҪֶĵ
˵ʲôûа취˵ԼгŮ֣оֻжѩһŮˣԼװԼںͶѩһ𣬵ǽ˵֣
ûܻشħ⻰ħҲûܹõĺӦ˵ŮѾЩˣԼûпڣҲû̫⡣
ҹ
ȴǿƲסĻȣһ
һСǵͨ죬Լ ҲôΡ
ȻһĬǼԼǰ֮ͻȻʵһӰ˶ŵˡ
ĬɺݺݵšüģڶǺܺãҲᵱŴҵ¶
㣬ô
һ˵ʹ಻ѡ
Ҳɱ⻰ŵˣһ˲˲ضŶ㣬óһ˵Ľۡ
Ϊʲôҿӣǳ˴ҩһѵ˶ҩ
ܿͱҪҩҲܻҩһʲô⡣
Ĭͻ˰˸õϣǹ˺һʱ䣬ŵԻ⣬˿̶һ˾ͺոմˮ̳һʪ͸ˡ
Ϣ೤ĬͻǺݺݵһ
ȥ֮ںܶᣬЩǹȥˣǵȻܻŹȥ׷ֻϣһжǵĿĶһġ
ڻ˹ĬǹĵĿ⣬صһҲֻܰЩͳͳ˵ˡ
ԲôΪҵˡ
˵ЩʱֻҪûͺá
ĬǰһִڶϣȷԷûκ⣬һ
ǹȻ㣬⵽ôˣ׶ˡ
ڶʲô⣬ĬȴǷŲ£˻Ե޹ʳп϶⡣
Ĭı飬㵱ȻҲ֪Լڿ϶ȥˣΪѵı顣
㣬ʲôԣֱ˵ɣǶǿ϶취⡣
ĬĹ΢һڵʵЩ⣬һӶ֪Ӧô˵ˡ
Ĭ㲻Ҫǡ
ⶼʲôʱˣĬֶ㣬ΪˬֱĻ橶ˡ
㣬Ȼ֮ǰǺϲ㣬ܾģ֪ʲô߰顣ǴҶһģѵҪʲôɣ
ͻȻ׿Լ̫࣬Ĭǲһ
ʵҺͶѩãֻǶѩ˶ҵĴС㣬һ˵ʵ׽㣡
㾹ȻǶѩãϢ̫ͻȻĬһҲûзӦ
ǽãʵҲûж⣬ȫһˡܲΪԷã֮ͶԶֲһƫɡ
Ĭ̾һһ¶ļ򣬡㣬ͷİɣͶѩʲôϵ㣬ȫһˣǴҶΪѩĹϵʲôƫ
㵱Ȼ֪ĬǿĺףԲ
Ȼеĵһ顣
ҺͶѩӦʲôӦҾͻʲôӦܸܵĸ
鶫ѾܾˣԴӷ֮󣬶ʹ״̬͵͵ذܲκ֪Ϊԭ
һ㵣֪֮󣬻ԶѩݲӰ죬ţĿ⣻񶫷ѩģܴһǶϿ㶼Լ͵طǣʲôϵ
ĬϢҲɺݺݵסˣһ˲˲ضŶ㣬ڹһʱ䣬ڰԼǸ˻
Ĭ˼ؿŶ㣬˵ղҲΪѩЩֵ顣
ðɣ˵ֵ飬Ƕѩһ
㲻ǳ˳飬Ĭƺעصɡ
˵ҺͶѩӦ÷ǳбҪһ飬ȻĬû˵ʲô
ȻǶˡ


672 üӦ2
ĬҲų˳ǣصͷѽ㲻Ǹղ˵֮Ӧ˵ֵֹģԭǶѩˣҲΪˡ
Ĭɫ࣬ҲۣŶͶȥһο벻˭ᱼİɡ
ƽʱʱӦȷǲܹǰһ֪ԷǲΣˣܹһʱϹȥ
ȻεѩˣԼ˷Ƹ꣬˶һƻŮȴҪ˼ĸоһ飬˭֪Ǹ˵׺òá
ðɣĬҲͣסпյеࡣ
ĬԼ͹ĶӣǰҲô߰뷨һ룬Լʼôʵ
ò˵Ĭ⻹˦֣ԼﻹûгıҪϳˡ
İҹǰһĬԼ棬ƾĬվ˭׶Էﵽʲô
ڵΪͶѩֻӦǻƫ
İҹһѪ˵˶Ĺ˼ɡ
ڶѡ񿪿˵ʱ򣬾Ѿ׼ԴʵĿ⣬ȻûС
Ĭҡͷ㣬Ϊˣôܻ㡣֪ǸŮѩǶѩǶ㣬ȫһˣǿĺ
΢΢һ㶣Ȼû뵽ȻĬǶһûаϣοԼҪѹ
оһɴδеůһͣãѵĶЩ
ǱˣҲûԽܣ˿ǶѩǶҪڶԸĶѩ
ĬݺݵҡͷʵǶԼѾˣ˵ʲôġ
ᣬֲܹƵģھѾܺˣ㲻̫ࡣ
һѵ橴һΡ
СŮǰһ˵ںͶѩŮӦŮʲôҲһܸܵǲǿǰһ֪ѩʲôҲһǰӦʱ䡣
ʵӦ£ͿԷôӦӦԼõ顣
ĬҲͷòϣ˵⻰е
㣬ͶѩӦʵʲôģһĸӦǲ
ţѩҲЩ˼ˣôһѣҲӦҲĿӦĬǡ
϶ص˵ͷֻҪѩǱбȽϾ޴ķӦҶܸоʵܹһио
ЧͻȻ䷢һȻ׷ʽûпѩǱߣȴǿǰһ֪ѩʲô͹һ㣬ɲ˭ġ
̫ˣ㣬涫ѩǱʲôرǰ˵һ飬˭Ҳ˵ȥ
Ĭֱ˵
һֱĲҲһ˿ȥͷرá
ǷģһһʱħͷϢǣ
Ĭижһ¶ļ򣬡黹Ҫ㣬Ϊˡ
˵˹ƶ벻Ͷѩ˾ȻãӦ
Ĭôһ˵㷴Щ˼ˣܹĬ˼
ĬھԼͶѩĹϵԸѩΪǺܺá
ĬҲӦģҪΪҵĽ㱨ռݽħŮռ˽壬£Բ̣
ݺݵս˫ȭСͺԼ׽ֿ֮䲢ûʲô̫ϵҲܷõĹϵħռݶѩ壬Ҳǲܸıġ
˵۾΢΢졣
ʵѩһܲˣ¡һжǴħռ˽忪ʼģڽֻдħпܾȻؽ㣡ʵҲڰɡ
ôһ˵ĬҲӦ˵ʵҪ˵ħǺͶѩ׽õĶԿ˵ͷһ
Ĭ϶ĵͷģһħԭĶѩ
ԭĶѩôĬûа취Ͷ㱣֤ħռ壬׶༪ˡ


673 üӦ3
ʵ⻰Ĭ˵ڣȻҲлһϣвʵѩʵǻϣֻΪħĹϵûԼȨ
òϣȻǺͶѩ֮ӦȻ˶Ŵ˿̶ѩѾûĿԡ
ͷһĸоֻҪǴħѩܻȻҲֿ֪ԲǺܴ󣬵Ҫ롣
Ĭһʱ֮䲻֪ҪôȰ˵㣬ʵҲҪ˵ʲôʵСŮжס
Ĭֹı飬㷴Щ˼ˣû˼ֻǵĺĬǼ²һ¡
ǷİɣЩҶ׵ģʱ䲻ˣҶȥϢɡһԤУʱħͻʲôϵǻǼ׼ȽϺá
ĬǵȻʮŶ⻰ħǱ߶ˡ
Ĭ˵ͷŶɫҲǺܺÿʲô⣬˵㣬Ҳ̫ѹǺúõģʲô鶼ȥ
ĬǼ˵뿪ʣ¶һˣ׻ָ˰
˶߹ˣ㲻ɺݺݵһǻҪƲסˡ
㶼벻ˣѵǸħŮǲȣ㵣ĵ滵塣
һҹֳջ
ĬĶҲѾԽԽˣƽĬעĺܺãʱҲѾԸоӾͺһ·úܳ
İҹһĬĺСطĬ˷䡣
ȵⲻ䵽Ů˵Ķ棬ϲ¶ЦݣĬûз֣ǵĺӺرѾ߸˰ɣǺҪʱҪ󡣡
İҹôһ˵вɴŨŨۣĬÿôģİҹ޲ԼܹվĬܡ
İҹôһ˵ĬҲӦ΢΢üģĿ⿴İҹ
ҹ˵治˫Ӱɡ
ȻһӲܻôӵĻǾпˡ
Ĭ֮ǰоԼ岻ܸܵڶҲҲûرȥע⺢ӵȴǲò
һԺӣĬǰһĿ˵һԽ
˫ӣϣ̥ȵ֮ȥչáĬвϣ㵽һжܹȥ
İҹһ֮ǰҩϲǸѹû˵˫ӣ̫ãⶼѾôˡ
˵İҹвɴһ˿ģϾô󣬵ȵĬ֮ʱ͸Ӳס
Ĭˡ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷǵĺӣʲôĵطֻҪӺúõģʲôˡ
֮˵ЩʲôֻҪӺúõģͺˡ
İҹоԼˣһ̾ٹ£ҲóˣӦҺò֮ģֻǿϧؼˡ
ھǵ¶ܰϣӲ˵ĬҲµʱ䡣ĬԸҲΪ뿪ǡ
Ĭ᲻İҹ˵ģһʵھҲֻҪߣҾˡ
ĬҪһ򶼲ߣֻҪһһ𣬲Եõ㡣
ģһһֱߣ㣬ǵĺӡ
Ĭ˵ͷɫ㣬ظԼСӣҲˡ
İҹĬ˼ʶܿħĻ⣬ƺԽǵֹؼʱ˾Խϧһʱ⣬ʱ˷档
һҹƽ
Ȼڹ˵ȴζƽˡ
ħһҵ£жԽ˼ͺͨŮһŮ΢΢˫ۣܰǰ׳ֹԵˡ
ɷ֣ԼȻûжһֱߣħ£ȥ̽ȥͽҪĲھȫһˡ
ħҪһȥ˽Ҫ֪еһУƺֻǾԶֿ
ڸ֮ǰʲôģʲô롣
ֻǼ򵥵˽ˣֻҪҪģħԸΪȥ
ܾܿÿһĶŮӶ飬ҪƴԶԷá


674 ţ1
΢΢һ㶣Ʋסؽ۾ҶǰŮˡ
ѵħŮˡ
ûеõĻشħ΢΢šüģ˸ҲϻشԼ⣬ħǷˡħġ
Ů΢΢żعסĲӣһǡŮ˿ǲżҸ㹻ʱ룬Ҫʲôͳͳõ
ֱǳһŭΪգֻҪԷˣʲôˣħĺա
ܶʱ䣬ħһ飬ֻһ򵥲ŮˣҪ飬һǳ򵥵ˡ
ħѾѹȥõĸͳͳתƼ޽ӵϣƲסҪ˸ã˻Զ벻Լ
Ȼôܻô򵥡
ؼȡŮòϣħŶѩգԼͶͱʱѾƲסĶˡ
ŮˣҪռжԷ
ͺԶ֪ƣһҲһҸ顣
ʱʱǳޣװǰŮʵԼŮˡ
ֱ˶Ǵˣɿ˶ԷħЩѣˣӢգҪ࣬ԼˣҲһǳ顣

һ΢΢˫סǰŮˣ֮һξ롣
ħ΢΢һ㶣֪һʲôҪԼ˵ѾµʲôǶԷûֱ˵ڣħҲϿ϶
ŮĿڴĿʲôֱ˵ɡ
ɫ棬࣬һ˲˲ضǰŮ˵۾
ˣ㲻ⱲԸʲôڸ㣡
ħѾƻסˣҲûע⵽˳ƺı仯ûгƺСӣһ𾴵ˣȻ޵Ĵϣƺһˣøˡ
ã˵š
΢΢֪ѩһõģСŮʱ俴˺ܶ飬ħŮϴ
΢вɻһ˿̾ϢѩİӵԼһɡΪԸһУοֻԼ塣
ҪȢ㣬ҪȢѩΪޣԸ𣡡
һһ伫Ϊ֣ص˵ĺŶԷ۾ͺҪǰŮһ·ȥ͸ħĶѩ
ţѩһԼ⡣
ڱеĶѩͳͳˣʹѣͺǶߵ飬
ѩݺݵصͷһ˵ţԸԸ⣬Ը޸㣡
Ȼѩ˵˵ĻվȴǸǰŮ˻ħ
Ȼħ֪ⷬ⣬һССڸҪ裬ȴҲϱˡϲˣҪԶһʲô鶼룬Ǽ򵥿ֵһ
ħòϣԼ֮ϵЦݸβסһϵˣҲǰԼģ
֪ѾħоҸʱħѾûڴ㣬ֻҪҸһѾ㹻
Ů΢΢ͷħһֽס֡
ãǳװɣҼ޸㣡
һͣŮ˵գͺ˶ѩĻش𣬡ãǳףͳ׺òã
Ҳ֪ԼܲܶԸħŮҲ֪ѩʲôʱʧΪķޣ
ѩͲϵˮҪ޸ʲôʱ򶼿ԡ
ֻħ϶Ļش𣬡ã׼񣡡
ǰһʱûռͯͯŮħڰУҲʱ顣
Ҳ֪µħŮʲôʱ°
ѩ뿴ΪŰǶѩ뿴飬һȥⳡֿ԰ʱӺҲǻħĽŲҲҺȥҲõϢˡ
ħĵطǹһĨаȵЦݣѾ㹻˫ץסŮ˵ĸ첲Ǿ¸³߰ɣһѵõĻƵա
ħЦˣȲĿ⣬ܹܵĽźż˾ôҪԼ޸
ãǾ¸³ߣҶģ
Ů밮УѾʧȥ˿ǵıܣֻҪԷˣƺʲô鶼˼
õ˿϶Ļش鼫õĹ˱
ãǾͶ³ߣȥ׼񣡡
˳뿪ͺһһõԼҪĴ𰸣֮ʲô鶼Բˡ


675 ţ2
ʵҲ
ħǿƲסһĨõЦݣŮһ使ɲǼſ¶͸һҸζ
ϲһˣôҪȥǵĵطȻˣħʱҲһҪѸµĽ࣬Ҫȫ磬ҵˡ
Ȼڸ˹ħɴ¸߹ͷ­۵ȴǲɻһĨȻȫԼѾҸǸҲ֪֪ˣҲɡ
ܿħ񣬾˶ԼôҪԼˣԼ˶Ե飬Ѿ㹻
أħԸоԼѾܹ𽥷¹ȥԹǸԶҲӦȥѰԼҸ
Ȼһ죬ѩҲҪܻεĶʦȻ׼ˣ϶˶ѩ㹻ʱ䣬ȥ׼
һʱ֮䣬ٹ֪顣
Ժ
ʲôѩħ׼ˣĬǲ˼ɫĺһоȻ
̫ͻȻ˶׼Ըħڵħʱʲôµ飬Ů˾Ȼ˵ǳ׾ǳף˸Ҫʲô
㲻ᣬаٸнһεεµԲԼĸ顣
ҲɱģŵˣԭأһʲôǸŮħͷװ
˵橺Լ˵˻ͣҲ˼㲻Ҫᡣ
΢΢ҡͷһʱദ᲻켸˵ӣԸܺãԼҲܹġ
ǣû£ǿƲסغѹⲻҵĸ顣
Ĭİҹ˶һۣлһĨ죬ѵεĻʵħԸģôѹ˭ܱħȥԼϲ顣
ǣ糯ҿħɫˣڴⳡ񣡡ϲŸոռħ
֪ѩҪʵŮڲһͨŮˣԼϲˣҸζ
Ȼǣѵǡ
橻ûпڣӮӺ߹϶˵ѩĸ飡
ҲĶѩţֻĳطŻоܡ
ǰһͺһӱ赽һҲ˵ѩڻţ
ĬҲ⣬Ŷѩ˵ͷӦþлһȻضѩ
ĬѾǵڻ죬ѩԼЩ飬ԸЩħϡ
ĬеĶѩǸѵŮˣֱܹ˻ŮˡİҹӦøлѩĳȫ
Ӯ΢΢˳ǣһôˣһȻֱӵûпѵԼû
ҽһѣҾӦûҪʶ
˵ӮÿһһҿԸؿԷա
˺Ȼ
ĬǼĿ⼸ǵһʱ俴վӮˣǲʶ
Ӯλǡ
ӮûпڣҽܣҲ¸ߺͶѩ׵ˡ
˲Ļת˹Ҳ˵˾Ҫħ׵ˣĹϵ϶ܲҲܻס
İҹһʱ䣬ɫصĬǰĿ⾯ؿ
ʲôϵ
ĬԵñȽϵ⣬ӮҲܻӮ۹⡣
λ̨Ӧγƺ
Ĭİҹ߳İҹҡҡͷɫ϶Ըȥ
΢΢üģѲע⵽ĬѾ͹Ķӣ˵ŮѾˣˣ
㣬Ĭ
Ĭ϶ĵͷԣĬ˫ʶԲĶӣûоʲôãĬһֲܻı䡣
룬ѩӦúϾڻңһ뾩ǣҪڵһʱ֪ͨ
϶ĵͷеһӽܲˡ
ǸŮħеĵΨһԷȻһижǼҲû̫ϣ⼸ôܻǸŮħͷĶ֡
ţǼƾԼȥŮħͷ
Ĭ￴еƲһ˭㣬иûʵˣֻҪ룬չ˰ʰһ١
⻳е˺ڣĬƢҲԽԽײǹˡ


676 ţ3
ɺݺݵؽ˽ǣܲܺһиƽô࣬вûжĬʵĬȥվĬߵˡ
ܹظܵԼ߽˵ѹѾЧʵǿ
İҹڣĬļʱĬҲֻİҹʱԭƢҲһӱ˳ʵҲûʲô飬һж
Ӯɲһ¶ǵ亹òվΪĬһ
Ĭʵĺǿҩʦĳƺš
ȻӮоԼó۱ˣһᾹȻҲЩˣȻ˵ĬĻˣҲĬʵǿɡ
ҩʦطҪ࿴ˣȻݵ⣬ǸʱѾħߣȻҲ֪ôһ顣
ǵǸħŮΪ˵õͱ˽һҵսʱˣһʱǻָ
ĸоͺǰŮйأǴǺ㣬ɹ
Ȼﻹǲţǰ⻰˵˳
ĬҲû뵽ǰǸո˵һҩʦţ뵽ˡ
ĬһǶʱħߣǴξҺħһս
΢΢ͷǶĬкܴĸĹۣȻһиҲûáóǸħŮǳõˣƳĶĿǡ
һֱǸŮߣħ˵ǸռݶѩߵħŮ
ʱ˿ûԼħʹޣ޲ŮϾȥ
Ĭİҹ֪ܶࡣ
Ĭڣһͣ˫Ⱦʧȥ˿һһߵǰдİǶѩĸ飡
ǰѩİˣ
϶ֱܵϲһͶѩвһĸ顣
΢΢һ㶣𶫷ѩ֣ýƣŮ˭
ǣ֪ѩ
㲻ЦˣԽ϶ûпˣǸģڵĶѩħռ壬ѩ䲻ѵ׼ȢǸħŮ
Ů˳⣬Ϊѩƽ
ѾǣҲǣпԣѩ棬ûȨֻгΪǸħŮΪ׽ˣлᣡ
ôһĬҲڿ˵ġΪԼİŮˣҪǺһԸħ
İҹǰһλ̨ιĿĵʲô
ǺǣǳŶղŵĻԸŶ㡣
վڶǰʲô֣ʶѩܶˣһֱû㡣
ǵöһôһλС㡣
Ҳûʲôģǰѩһĸͬã㱻˶ұңȴ֮Ӧ֪㣬Ϥ㣡
ҲûоԼ⻰Ͼȥ̫ڻƣȻȴˡ
ţˣѩڻûΣգҲ֪ħŮʲôʱְѩĴڣһ˰ѩ
￴ĺǸŮ˽ԲκοܻвԼڡ
ҽǿֱӽ֣¸³ҾͻǸŮ˳ס°ĿתĬǣɺݺݵüģ֪ħŮĿǣϣһ취õ
Ĭ΢΢üܴħõȻǷǳףóħ߷ǳܵá
˼ҪǺһԸħ
鵽̫ҪĬòȷһ顣
΢΢ͷҾ뷨ǻʲôҪҰæģֱ˵ɡ֪ƾԼһ˵ܶԿǸħŮֻк
ȻҪó⣬ĬԸˡ
ãǺ㲻òģܰħסõĽǧҪЩͯͯŮ죡
Ĭĵ顣
ģʱʱע⣬һ뷨͵͵ЩͯͯŮϲ˶೤ʱ䣬ʲôĴʩᶨжѾ˸ľġ
ĬǼҲɱ̬ȸжˣ˲ĻȥˣԼʹ޵Ů˳תЩǶĿ顣
ʱѾˮԿħ㿴壬ĺܱǸ
ĬҲѾȫˣԽٲڣĬҲЩΪ


677 ݣ1
ȻҲĬڵɺݺݵüģƵˮǿħŮҩ
Ĭ΢΢ͷˮΪƶɣǿһħǶԿħõĶ
ĬʱҲˮƳˮԲȻԼƵٶҲ죬еġԵĻĬϣԼѶĺ֮Ҳ㹻ʱ;ȥԸħ
İҹĬ⻰ȴѾµһĬһ͵͵ˮвɴһ˿ͬ
Ĭʱ͵͵ˮ塭
ģԼԼĬ΢΢ҡͷֻץʱ䣬һЩˮҶûˣ˼Ϳ̿Ҳ֡
Ĭ⻰һİҹҲòĬ˵ĶǶԵģûȥֹĬô
Ժʹû뵽һлһĨɫ
˼ƵˮԶԿħǶǲ˺ǲһ˲˲ضĬ۾ĬͷһҵµͻƣʵˮǸħŮãǲЧ
ĬҲòͷԭˮƳΪħϣӶħܹˮȻЧӱ
ô˵ħֲɵӣħ֮ˮζôܻˮ
һתǸħŮˮ϶а취
вɴһĨڴĬϻûˮøң
˫죬ȻĬһҲǱģ𾪵ˣʶóƿƳˮ
֪ʹħϣܹǧҪ¶ԼҪǵãֻŲϣ
ĬЩŲģǶԿħҲͬϣκһΪԼ
ģһ취Ů˷ˮ
йһʱ䣬Լٲȥ»ħע⡣
ãˮˣҽûˣԺһϵ
ӮĬһкĬȥ
Ĭǿ뿪ıӰݺݵšüģû⣬ܾĲ¡
ҹ˵ûе㵣ġ
İҹÿ˶ԼѡΪ˶ѩҸӦţΪ˶ѩҲԼȥ
ⷽ棬ǲò˵˲űȽ˽ˣİҹֱ˵е˼
ʱٲ˶㡣
ħ˶ˣö֡϶ͺԼħһ
һĬﻹ飬ûע⵽һ㡣
İҹһסĬһȦԼĻɵؿŶ㣬㵽ʲôˣ
ĬҲɱİҹ⻰ˣİҹ·ҹôˣǶѽ
Ȼİҹȴ˵еΪ˲òɡ
㲻Цˣ̾Ϣһܹ֪ħ飬ʵҺħҲӦ֪ħе飬ǷģҾԲ˺ǡ
ȻİҹȴǲţԴŨŨĻɡ
Ҳţ̫ˣ˵ǶѩãܹܵѩѣǿˡָǣħҲӦŲˡ
ҲɱİҹıŵˣлһĨ֣һ
ѵŮǸŮħߵԵףе鶼Ůħͷ֪ˡ
橵׻ȽᣬЩѾȫ˻橿ԽܵķΧڲԱֵͱѹͷһݡ
鲻ܺܺõؽҲҪˡ
ܸܵ橵Ľţǰһرס橵ļ򣬡橣Ҫ£Ҿһжġ
ĬɺݺݵüģܶȷǾϸϸãÿһζĳ̫ɺϣܱһ֪Ƕ֪顣
ĬԸȥɶ㣬İҹѾ飬Ĭòȥԡ
㣬Ըȥˣϣ㲻Ҫƭءʶôˣѵǵڻֵ϶ǹģһʲôԡ
ĬŶȥİҹֹͻ橵ĵģ㣬Һѣһ


678 ݣ2
㲻ɺݺݵšüģ֪ĬˣǶϣԼ˵࣬ڶԼػɵİҹҲһҲԼ
Ų˭ڵﶼƲסɡ
ңҲ֪Ӧô˵
˫֣˫۵Լǰڿܻش
ĬҲ벻׶ﵽڹ˼ʲôһжܺãҲѡĬóһ˶ǺõģȻһôˣе鶫㶼֪ʲôģħҵˡ
㣬Ǵⶼһ߹ѣʲôԣǶϣܹ˵˵ܰ⡣
Ĭͼһ㣬ŶԲ˺Լ
ڷֶ㲻ͬʱİҹǼ˵ǶԶصĻɣȻĬԸǰȥ
ǼҲֻܰں棬ǽϣܹӦҪĬʲôõС
Ĭذļ򣬵˵㣬ңûʲôǹȥģȥȥǸӹעδ
ȥȥ
ظĬ˵仰ԻǷĲ£Ĭ֮£Ѿʼɶ
Ĭ氲飬㲻ɾãʵҲûʲô飬˵ֻôأ
Ҳ˵㣬ʥŮ֮ǰǺеʶھЩˣ㻹ʲôõĵģ
İҹĿȴҲû˵˵Ļ
һġ
һ˵һ𾪵Ļ
ʵҾħ
Ƕϵ̫࣬һ㶼ڿЦģ˶Ц
Ǻ⡣
橲ɺݺݵšüģһ˲˲ضŶ㣬㣬㻹û׼ãǾȲˣ㲻ô׵Ļش𡣡
ţ
һٸš
ĬҲܽĻش𣬿ǿó棬ûڿЦ
ϻ橲ŵ⣬ҲɴԴܹ֤Լ˵ÿһ仰ģǺȻǶš
˵Ķġ
ڲŶ㣬֮ҪӶ֪һЩ͸ˡ
Ĭ˵ͷɫ࣬㣬˵ģܺǽһ⵽ʲô
Լˡ
ʵǶվǵĽǶϣҲ⻰ɡĬԸ˵ԼĻʵöиж
Ĭʵħһƻǣ꣬Ҵħеůһ棬ħѡħ֮󣬵еЩӰ£Ӳеȥ
Ҳ벻ֻԵɺ֮£ ҾȻܹͶ̥ת֮һҾͱ˶㣬ҵĹﻹŶħļ͸飬һħܹзǳĸӦ֮ǰ˵ҺͶѩӦҲģѩͱѡгΪħ˽塣
Ҳе಻ţһԼ˵Ĳ˵ģһ˵˳
ħһ꣡
춫˵Ϣ̫һӶеܲˡ
Ĭ΢һʱ䣬ҲһЩ飬ֺʲôûס
̽ԵʵʵħԸůһ֣ħˣ
Ĭ˵һĨ;ǵĺһⷽ浹ҲⶫһЩ
ǵģǷģҾԲΪħǡ
öᱳǡ
˵㣬˵⻰û˼ˡǴûлɹ㣬ʵħԾˡ
ħˣ
㶼Щ벻ףںܶʱ򣬶ƴҪҵ취Ըħаһ硣
һ棬ȴĺ֡
ħԼҪ˽Լ֪ŮΪλģ֪Ŀԣ֣Ҳ
һĨ꣬ôͲˡ㲻ǷϵĵԴͺѾʧȥȫеĺۣͿաһ죬ħҪѰԼֻ꣬ҪһٻҾͻΪһ֣Ҿ
дŨŨįҲӣһܣֻöݻš
һĬвɴŨŨϧԭлôൣĵĵطһ˳ô࣬ȴʲô֪
ͻȻãʵûܹúⶫ㡣


679 ݣ3
Ĭסĸ첲Ҫַʽذο㣬ܸܵسں£һ죬ԼҲˡ
΢΢˶٣Ĭ˼ԼӦôȥο㡣
һĬһ¶ļ򣬾ͺڰһСһ㣬㲻ýţֻأѾһĸ壬Ƕ㣬ħħˣֻҪ㲻Ը⣬ԶǶ㣬ħ
Ĭ϶ɫöڰҹпһҫ۵ĹâԶֻ㣬ħûκιϵ
лһĨɻǽţڴ
Ŀ𣡿ֻһĨ갡
ڶҪĲ˿϶Ļش𣬶ĬҪ
Ĭ϶ĵͷԣһ㣬Զܱһ
ɫƽɫƽĿ⿴Ĭõ޹һҾңԶһ
ԣǶĸ壬ͬ
һϣĬֿ϶ԼͬԼһ壬ųԼĬ
ħ壬ǻų⣬Բᷢеĵ飬ˡ
ʵҲŲ˭ҲòϷܶ࣬첻ܿ϶顣
ǳģԭŵĬİ֮£ܹȫƽʲô룬Ĭ
Ĭлл㣡
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷû˽еĵģôʱ䣬һܡԺʲô飬ֱ˵ͺãѣܷʲô飬Ƕ㣡
һůʱоʲôǲԵأ
һжûκ⡣
϶صͷţ
һ˽⣬ĬڲìܵԽҲûʲôҪˡ
ͺˣӦ˵˵Ǵҿˣ
ɺɺɺݺݵһڵõˡ
İҹŶͷһϲͱ˽͵ˣҲһ
㣬ܺã֮ǰбǸ
ⲻ֪УİҹҲѾ˸ı䣬ҲͲʹȥǸˡ
û뵽İҹԼ˵Ǹ㲻һ죬ҡͷ֮ǰҲԣҶԴǶûдԺ󶼲ˣ
Ҹİ
ɫвɴһĨ࣬תͷĬ˶ܺãҪ˵Լεˣε˿϶Ĭ
Ĭе㵣ģħܶˣҲȷǺûǲãܻΪҾܻΪҪӶ磬һֶԼ֤
ĬвһĨŨŨľȣĬû뵽ħȻᶯ顣
㣬ȷûиоղŲ˵ħڸǿƳ˳Ϊʲôᶯ顣
΢΢죬ΪĬͣʵֻħԸһ棬кܶԸἰġʲô⣬ûЩ飬ħʱӷ㡣
ע⵽ĬǻûԼ⻰˼΢΢˶٣һʵÿһ涼иһ档ֻҪ˻ţ޾Ǳγһʵˣ𽥳
⻰ͱȽܹˡ
ǰһʲô
˵ħ³ˣϲǸˣ֮ǰ
΢΢ͷѾĽ͡
ӦþȻħŮˣԲܽܺͱ˳ףڱ˺һ֮Ů˸ӲԸ⸶ġ
ǰעĵطǸħĶ
찡ıҲ¶ˣҲ̫˰ɡԴһĨ˼飬벻ħŮˣϲ˵һ졣
ǶжŮݵŮˣôϸ飬ԾϺħҪˡȻϲԾͲħǵĶѩŻ͡
вɻһĨįȻ֪ħΪôҴ
Ϊ˽ħˣȴǲɶħһŨŨϵ֮顣
ʵħҲûǴô飬Ҳܿ


680 ħĹ£1
û뵽㾹Ȼ˵⻰вɻһĨŨŨľȡ
㣬ôô˵ħʲô𣡡Ĭʵ
˻֣ͬĬȴԸȥŶ⻰
ижĬֱӾܾ⻰ԸⱳĹ¡
ĬĿͷȻҲ֪浽׷ʲô
ϾʵǿǸֵϧħڵħǵѶ㡣
£˵
ħʵԽǿҲǰѹȥͳͳˡ
ʵħħһ֣ܺСӣӣӣӣڻжڡ
СӣһŮӣںȣܵϲžһȥСӣѾ˺ĹһĶһħ⶷һ˲顣
Сӣ֣ĬɺݺݵšüģĪϤС
ĬƲסĵ׵Ĩţʳ֪顣
Сӣʲô
Ҷ㽲⣬Ҳûע⵽Ĭı仯һֱעĬϵİҹȴǲ΢΢šüġ
˵вɴһĨ׷䡣
Сӣʵ˺ܴͻƣǾǸʱȴƿԼͣںȣܺѵõɹСӣ뿪ȥѰĵ
Сӣ֪Լһ뿪Ȼ飬žԼһĽѡһĻᣬСӣǻһѡ
ɽûжõʱ䣬СӣǸˣ˪һ˾׿ˣʱ˼Ϊһ۵ʱ䣬СӣͲܿƵذˡ
ǹȻʶˣ˪ҲΪѰʵϵͻƣġСӣ˪һͬ磬նħ֮ĬҲԽԽСӣţһԼעǸˣȻͻȻһ죬Сӣ˪һţȴҲ˪Ӱ
ºܼ򵥣ȴǲ߽˶Ĺм䣬ǺܹظܵСӣʹͿ֡
Сӣһӷ˪ˣԼֿͻȻʧˣŻκһŮ˶ѽɡ
һզզĻҲɿʼ
Ǻأ˪ȥСӣҪô찡˪֪֪Сӣ˼
Ĭɺݺݵüġ
ѾԽԽϤĬ涫˵˪֪Сӣ˼ֻǼ򵥵İСӣ;еһѣǿʶ֮϶ֿ˪ϲԷֿǶˡ
϶ص˵ͷԣĬ˵˪ˣ˪ûСӣĴڣСӣȴǲ԰εİˡ
Сӣ˪뿪ˣоˣͺԼһ綼һҲҲκη֮СӣͿʼѰ˪ĴڣȻ˪ͺǴʧһҲҲˡ
Сӣеĵطұˣȴûܹҵ˪Ĵڡ
ҲɸоܣܵСӣѹɿʼΪСӣƽΪʲô˪ôĮ˼ŮеС˼
Ĭ۵ײɴһĨ˺Ρ
ʵ˪Ĳ֪Сӣ⣬˪ʱֻԼʵֻҪܹԼʵȫⷽʽиûŮ֮顣
΢΢ͷĬ˵˪ˣκˣԼôܻᰮСӣȻСӣȴһݽȥˣ߲İˣСӣҪ˪
橲ΪŮۣݺݵšüģҪ֪˪Сӣַ֮ʲô¡
أСӣҲ˪ԲģСӣôڵħ
ڻ橿аŮ˾Ǳ仵ҲܻڵŮħͷֻ˵Сӣܲ˴̼һӺڻˣ
СӣԼҲ˰ɣ֪ԶҲ˪ˣСӣԼһ죬ϵۺһЦɣСӣԼҲȥѰ˪ʱȴõ˪Ϣ
˪ȥɱħԵĸʾ˾ȻҪƾԼһ˵ȥɱħԡСӣܷ˪һȥСӣϾȥѰ˪֪˵˻ǲң˪Сӣ˾ȻĳɹɱΪ˼ħԡ
˵˴Īʹһû˵ȥһ˳յȥ
Ȼ


681 ħĹ£2
ȻַʲôΪʲô뵽ʱƲסصᣬвһĹ¡
һξ橶ûȥߴٶѹ˵ȥԸŶ֮˵ȥĹ¡
ĬȥеĨˣԺһĻĻ治ϸ֣ûа취ǵĹ¡
黹˵ɡ
ĬԽ⻰һò˶ˣĬȻ֪Щ飬ȻĬûиκɻʱ䣬ղŵĹ¡
˪ȻСӣսʤħԣħʱһɿµĺɫ壬ԭӦȫ˪ϡȻСӣۼֿ죬κ˼ֱӰ˪˵Լȴһ˱ħԵĺˡ
˪ʶԾһٰħɱȻСӣںĹ£ȴʧȥ˻֮һ˵ȥ
˪Сӣͻذȫĵط죬ħԵĺħԱԴȪ˲ʣ̫ħ׻Ӱ˵־ħȻ˪֪һ㣬ڼȷСӣ岢ûʲô⣬˪Ҳͷˡ
һ˪Сӣٴ֮ߵһһһ𴳵һȥôãȻķȴҲԽԽ
Сӣһħں̶ܴϣ͵ħĺкܴĹϵǶûа̫ϣΪԼû⣬֮ҲͺˡȵСӣʱ򣬻һΧһͷǵʱСӣֳĲ̺׺ݵһأǶˡ
΢΢ͷ²һ䣬ʵ֮ǰСӣѾԼ쳣ʱ򣬷ԼԽܵơСӣԼ͵͵Ҫǹħų⣬Ȼ
Ŷ飬˶ܸоǸʱСӣ˺Ϳ־壬һжܵԼƣЩСӣû飬СŮ˵жŰ
橶ΪСӣоۡ
ǸʱСӣһоܺ£ܿ־壬һڵҲħһħܽţ
ݺݵصͷǰʱСӣܵĺܺ£֪ԼӦʲôԽƴҪħųȥͷԽħСӣļøӲԾ
Сӣ֪˪ʹħҺ˪˵飬ܵԼҲһħ˪ǲǾͻԼ͸Ӳϲˡ
ֱڲ֪Сӣ˼Ĭһۡ
ôôɵ˪ôܻСӣСӣһֱǷǳҪˣԼһôܻ
ĬɺݺݵšüģóһĬǳû뵽龹Ȼ
΢΢һ㶣ĬΪʲôһôȴҲش˸ղĬ⡣
ΪСӣں˪Ầ£Լò֮ǰôˣţŮԼϲ˵ʱ򣬾ͻòŵԭɡ
İҹɺݺݵšüģӺסĬ֣˵ǽ͵ɣʱ䲻ˡ
İҹùȥȥ̼ĬĬǺܺá
İҹһ˼˾Ͳˣǰһ˽ħôһӶˡ
Ҫ飬һİҹԽӣ˲Ͳ˵ȥ
ĬһůЩǹȥˣӦôࡣ
ܵİҹԼĹģĬůůģסİҹ⵭ûµģҺܺãǼ˵ȥɡҹ㲻õҡ
İҹĬֵɫȴǲɵģɵѾͷ
㡭
Ĭİҹ˵ȥĻᣬתңǸղŲǽСӣʧֱǸʱ˪ŷӦħԵħǸСӣӰ졣
΢΢ͷԱ߼һҲӦΪʲôĬͺҲֳһô֪ô顣
ؿĬ˵еɻ󣬡Ĭô֪Щ
ĬҲûֱӻش⻰Ĳ֪ԼӦôش⻰ˡ
Ȱѹ˵ɡвµһЩ飬ֿ̫ڻš
˶ĴϣҵעתͬҲøĬһʱܹһ֮Ҳð˵
ǵģ˪֪飬ȵСӣӦԼʲôŲѡˣǸʱ˪˽Żǽţûκı飬ȻСӣһֲס
ȻҲǳ֮£һҪҵ취ȥСӣϵħԣȻһ죬Сӣ߻ħġ
˪Сӣһ취Ȼ˺ܶ취ȴһöûССӣþͷˣ룬ԼⱲӶˣҲҺֻҪСӣħͲӣͲܵħĸš
ǸʱСӣѾ׼ħⱲӾһͨˣֻҪܺ˪һҲź
ȻСӣô룬˪ȴСӣΪűΪ˰˪סħĹСŮҲܰСӣκã˪ԶŲ¡
һ·ϣ˪߷˲ҽҩʦԼһҩʦ
ʱ˪ƳһˮˮܹʱָסСӣϵħ˪Сӣѣ˵ħҲûа취
˲˶Ǵ˼Ѫһ˪ţֻҪƳˮͿȫκСӣڵħ
СӣҲҸܵ˪Լ⣬ΪŬҸûа취ݵġ
Ȼûгܾõʱ䣬ԭСӣ˪Ѿҵܹһֱħİ취ֻҪϵħȥֿʱһʲôõģҸһ
ˮ䷽ôףһλҩķǳѵã˪ɽ֮۲ɵѩҪˮȻҪѩ
˪ԼһȥժѩСӣԭȴ˪
ʵʱСӣе˪İΣҪ˪һɽȻ˪ȴͬ⡣
ɽ϶ΣգСӣȻᵼħӿСӣһȥժѩǳܰʲôæ˪ҪֳСӣһ鷳
Ȼ˪һѩɽ
˵΢΢˶٣лһĨҸЦݣ룬Ǹʱ˪ܹСӣһӶǻҸİɡ
վڶĽǶϿʵ˪Ѿúܺã御˲ûκζԲСӣĵط
橲ס˺۵ǵģأѵ˪ˣûٻ


682 ħĹ£3
ò˵һеģ˪ûֻûлˡ
˵ͷ˪Դѩɽ֮ҲûлСӣԭصŵȣһһ꣬ûп˪Сӣż֪˪Ʒ˪𣬾͵ǳһʲô飬һºʵڵȲˣԾɽѰ˪
û̫ʣСӣѩɽ϶Ҳûп˪
Сӣ˪£СŮ˵У˪ܵĴڣһˣôܻ¡
Ȼѩɽۣ֮Сӣֻ˻ĺۼѩɽ̫ߣµ
һڸСӣ˪ˣ˪ܾˡ
Сӣûа취ԸһƭԼʵ˪ȥһطһġ
һСӣѩɽסѵסĿջҲһļңֻҪ˪һܿ
Ȼ͹ȥһʱ䣬һû˪СӣߣԽꡣʱСӣŬȥڵħǵ˺СӣҲԱ˪ҲûбҪȥѹԼ
ոһյĹȥСӣڵħԽǿңѾǹȥǸŮӣѪݣ¶˳ޡ
Сӣв룬˪ʹ޵ľħ壬֮ģ˪᲻һֱӳǰҪʰ
Сӣɾãܹ˪ĻҲһǳ顣
һСӣԽԼɱˣܱߵ˶ʼηȻ˪Ҳûгֹ
Сӣÿ˪뿪Ǹӣһȥѩɽۣ֮кܶΣСӣֱȥܼ˪ˣҲûôۡ
ȻÿСӣľȥһ˰˵ʱħȴѾôˡ
СӣȻħ
Сӣ룬ɣһҲˣڴôһԼ
˪ҲûжĹϵ
СӣԽɱˣѪƲסڵħ˵˪뿪֮ǸСӣѾˡ
ѪȾ˿ջұĺɫһطұ
ſڵʻ˵Ѫϣһʢı欣ЩʻǻڣӴ˽Ҳû֪Сӣ֣
Ů
ԼӦõľڴôһܹͻȻ֣ԼܽеĿѡ
Ȼûܹ˽ħеʹ࣬ȴһûκϣ
Ȼʱ򣬽ȴǴһϢҲ˪ǿʵ˻Ƶҩһʱ֮䣬˪ĳָ˲һĸо
СӣҲɿʼڴ˾˪Ҳ˵
ȻʱСӣѾСӣѾתħһжڻ
ŮϣǸ˾˪Ȼһȴϣ˪Ѿˡ
˪ţеĵȴʲô壬ǲǶ˪˵ûԲŻڵ
Сӣ̫ìܣȻеһУֲҪȥǸ˪飬СӣԼϵ·±˵ɾ崿ŮŮ˾ǸڽֻŵŮ
֮Сӣ̨ϵˣ
˪˪
СӣҪȥͶԷϣ֮ǰٶıԹڼ˪֮СӣѾûκβ˵ĵط
ֻҪ˪žͺã
ȻСӣǰվ˳˪ǽⳡ׵Ѿ׼СУ˾ܾл
ϢʵڲСӣܣȴôõˣһֱûг֣ٴμʱȴ˪ҪȢ˵ʱ
ӴСӣɱ䣬һϵеĴûа취ܣױݶŮ
һ˪ڣıҵ˲ҪȢ׼С㣬׼ţ
һҹ֮䣬׼һ˿ȫڣرò׼С㱻ѹ·ʬ嶼ŹݣʬֶëȻ
Щ鶼Сӣġ
һУСӣƺǺݺݵسһڶǸ˲ŮҪ˪ʹı飬ȻֻеİѾȫˡ
Сӣ˪׼£Ĺ˪֮޵ּʹ࣬ǸŮ˶ˣǷŲ
˪͵Ů˿ôҪôأ


683 ǰԲ1
Сӣߵ˪ǰЦݲá
˪Щ˶ɱģȫµҸɵģֻҪ֮ˣҾͳͳҪɱǣ˪𣡡
Ůɫʱ˪Сӣ˵ҲǲĽѡ
ȻûУ
˪תһݵŮˣлһĨİѾʼʶˡ
СӣΪ⻰˪һᷢһ
ȻʲôûУ˾ؿСӣСӣῪڵʱ˻ؿڣôˡ
Сӣһԭ˪ûԼ˵⻰ʲôѾˣǹȥǸСӣ
Ů˺ݺݵս˫ȭԽ񣬡ԣҾӣң
ȻѾСӣףԼɱô֮Ҳܺ˪һǳɹߵ˶ϣȻΪʲôôѹ
˪˵СӣоԽţϲԼʲô취أ
ô˪㲻һֱԼֱǲǺܺңѽɱңÿ԰ǱɱħͷӢۣ
Ůѳݵ˪ϣͲˣܹ˪ϣСӣ˵һֽѣ
Ȼһǳ򵥵Ըʵˡ
˪ԭͶСӣΣôԼԳֶԸСӣԼҲܶСӣ֡
˪űؿǰŮˣ˪ҲǺףΪʲôһл
ǶҶڱҲΪҡ
Сӣһһ˲˲ض˪ܾʲôһ
ȻŮеĽԼ˪ЭСӣصصͷԣһжΪ㣡Ǹף
˪΢΢ͷûͺˣҲô
Բ𣬶ҵĴҶԲ㣡
СӣݺݵҡͷҪĲ˪ĶԲֻҪ˼򵥵һȻһ򵥵Ҫ󶼱ѡ
СӣûзӦ֮ʱ˪ֻԼأϻСӣղŵݸԼıֱӽӴԼĲӣء
ѪֱɫѪȾŮ˰ɫȹһ˶ˣԼʧĸо
˪˪㵽ʲô
Ůʶ§ס˪ȻһжѾˡ
ɱңôң
ŮһһεµǵһСӣѪº£˪ôˡˣŻʲô壡
˪ȴǲɸоԼˣϲһĨЦݣѾһҪȥŮ˵գȻȴôˡ
Сӣ㲻ҪѹһжҶ°ɣ飬ԶĻȥԲҲˡ
СӣʹҪĽΪʲôΪʲôҪô
˪ţöԲң͸ҺúûţҲûУ
ȻһжѾˣԣ˪ҲϣʱСŮ˵ߣǿȥܶ飬һҪȥӴħˡȻںѾ޼£ֻϣ԰á
һֽѡ
˪ˣСӣ޾˺;ˣҲûŮĶ
Ӵû˪ûСӣµĲһʬһ壬ڣǺҹɱ˵ڣ
˪Сӣúõػȥǻ̫࣬ŮӲԼܸ˳Ͳоѹˡ
һûˣûʵһΪ˿ֲħ
ħʧ˺ܳһʱ䣬һ˶˽̫ڿնƺÿһطйԼ˪ĺۼСŮ˹ȥ顣
ڶħһħŮ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷ֪Ĳ֪ΪСӣúõػȥ
ĬƲס˫һжתת򣬽չһжѭ˭Ҳ֪ʲôģ
İҹץĬĸ첲ϣ侲
Ȼ֪Щ֮Ĭĺѱ侲ĪΪħۣŮ˻ģ׺ѲĹġ
һᣬٲڣе˵ȥˡ
Ĭ㵽ôˣţںĬ
ҲĬĬѣ֮ǰĬԶ˵ܷʲô飬ǶҪŶԷ
Ĭ̧ͷ۾죬ɫһỊ̃վһؿŶ㣬֮һԲСӣҶԲ㣡


684 ǰԲ2
Ҳһһ£ΪʲôĬͻȻԼ˵⻰
Ĭô˵ʲô֮䲻˵ЩҲûʲôԲҵĵط
Ȼȴע⵽ˣղĬƺǡСӣ⵽ζʲô
жһ²⣬ĬǸ˪һ뵽ԣܿͱ˸׷ˣĬһʵŮˣôܻ˪
Ĭ΢΢ԴвһĨİâԼ벻һ죬ǰǰĹ¡
ʵҾ˪˪˵ҵĵһɡԲ𣬹㣬
ĬдŨŨΣ벻Ȼ˵ʲôСӣһԭء֮кܶζԾ񣬾ͺվ·ڻһת·ڣȻȴߴˣӲһֺ˷ˡ
ҲɺݺݵסˣдŨŨĲ˼飬һ˲˲ضĬףʵ벻ĬĵһȻ˪
ĬһǸģҲЦˣסĬ֣ͻȻʲôȻһ㡣
Ĭ㲻֮ǰҲ˵𣬲ǰΣҪĽڣǶ㣬Ĭ
΢΢תвһĨ˼ʵСӣûй˪һжĸԸ
Ȼô˵ĬȴķеΣǵ˪ʹ࣬ﻹǷ²£ر֪Сӣòãɱһʹ޵Ľɫ
ĬвɻһĨâע춨֮˾ħɽģ˾ԼǰһħֽҲԼվеһеʱ
橺˶ɺݺݵסˣʵǺ龹Ȼ
Ĭĵһ˪
Ĭ˵ʵ֮һӶ֪˿ԼӦ˵ʲôźá
ĬƬ̣Ƕڣ˿ֻ̲ԼǰǸ˪Ůˡеֻж˪İлϵһ棬˿ֻҪ֪һ𰸡
Ĭһ𣡡
Ĭ϶ģʶͷЩǷСŮ˵ģ˵һ⣬ʮ⣬ĬҲ϶ͳͳش
˵ɡ
һĨɵЦݣֻ˪ʼգûһʱǰСӣģ֮飬ǵһİ
⻰İҹɫѿѣʲô⡣
Ȼİҹк˪˪ĬĬѾȫһˣʲôͬԡ
ȻİҹǻƲסͷĨɬǰԼӣమĬĵһȻһˣأȻƲסгζĬ֮ĸԵѵȲħ
İҹȻҲ֪Լ뷨ǲԵģǸƲסػ롣
̫ںĬˡ
϶⣬ĬϻһĨΪѵɫǲ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôźá
һĬҾҪ֪һ𰸣㲻øоΪѣʵĻشͺãðοҡ
㿴Ĭ۵ײɴһĨ̾Ϣ
һжעǰСӣ˪ڻħдʼվ˪һˡ
еĸ˶㣬Ǿע㺣ڿĬĵһۣͰĬǸŮˣĵһݾͰĽûа취ı䡣
һҪʲô
Ա𶼲⡣
ĬһûаСӣֻǺ̵ܶʱ䡣
˪ӦǰģСӣһɰŮӣ˷ǲľ飬˪ĸܵԼЩ֪Ŀֻɵڳɾ˪ʱٸֶ
Ҳ˵ֶദԼûޣԼ˪Ȼûе˪Ӧʱͻ䣬վ˲ֲźɡ
Ĭر˫ۣ˪һУӦ׼С㣬ŵëһůŮˣ˪һԲŲµȴСӣ
˪ɾСӣپħĵСӣȴ˪˸壬˰顣
˪Ϊ˸Сӣժȡѩ֮ģһСĴɽϵȥ˪ʵǿ뾡һа취䣬̫ڶͣ˪ľȫûа취ˤ¡Ϊײ˪˹ȥ顣
ʱ׼Сŵպþ˪ദв㺣Ȼ˪һֱԼʲôǳҪ飬벻ֻһִǵõѩ֮ģ׼Сı̨ϣʤ߻һѩ֮ġ


685 ǰԲ3
ϲɴŨŨĲ˼Ͱûڣ֪Ĳ֪飬ʵ¾˪Ϊͷ飬ȴûз¹Ѱѩ֮ġ
ѩ֮ľˮһζǳҪҩģ˪ΪѰѩ֮CǴˤȥӶ˹ȥ顣
˵źǼٵġ
㲻ɾãʵСӣǸپ˪׼Сº͸ˣЩעʱ
ǵ͵Ե޷ְɡ
Ĭ֮ⷬڶҲһ˷ƺѾûʲôǿˡ
΢΢Ĭ㲻κѹĺܸˣܸԭ˪ôһʱǰСӣģѾ㹻ˡ
԰á
Ұʲô鶼˵ˣĺ֮ľԽǶڶ㻹Ĭ˵Գ׷ˡ
ܺãĺܺá
ڹ
Ůпڴϣ֪ôģͿƲסԺйڹȥ˪֮ĻһĻĻԺУŮһֱΪԼѾɹѹȥˣȻʵϲˡ
Żһ쿿ħƲס˼˪ˣãԲŻӷŲеĸ顣
ħк˪Ѿˣǧȥ˪֪תͶ̥ٴˣȻȴǹµĻϣļį
ʵ˪Ǹ̵ˣ
ʱҲöħ򰵵ı飬Ů˵ʲô˵Ҳħ뷨
ǰһӺ§סŮ˵ļ򣬡Сӣ
ħôƺġ
˵Ҳһ£֪ǰռԼŮħŮħħѩǶѩǷȫһˣ
ħذԼ˵תһǿƲסһĨÿЦݡ
ˣ
Ů˼ڵһʱסļݺݵرסͺҪԼһ˶Ͷ档
Ҳֻʱħܹ侲˪ˣһ˪ӺõԼǰĽѾ㹻ˡ
Ȼ׵ġ
汧סħǶϣŮ˸Լϵı飬۵׻һĨݣ
˭ħŮԼˣҲκĵط
һ뵽֮ǰĬԼˮħע⣬͵͵һ㣬Լ
ķʽ򵥵ģ
ħеҪ˪ӰԼ涪ȥ˿̷˶ÿԸһϵο塣
Ů˾ͺصĴ̼ƿӦŮ˾ѹҪ㣡
촽˵ĺ촽ؼȡԷζ
һﻹǸղźŵˮַͨʽȸħ
ԣ˿ԼеŮˣûע⵽һ㣬ֻҪռˣƺһ㶼ѹˡ
Ȼһ¡
վſڵŮɾ죬ƺ˽Խˡ
ȻЩҲֻ͵͵ˣķŵʵжϣһֶҶ˵
ܹħʱˣȻǾϸѡģȻܹõħĿ϶ȻôҲܶࡣôıͰŸķգħв˵ĵطǾǵһˡ
ڵõ㣬ħ΢һԼʱ䣬ڳɹݵ˪ˡ
ȻħȴǲܿƵ˪
ŮǿԼЩ߰뷨ͺܺá
㰮𣡡ħһ˲˲ضһͨŮˣȻҲϣܹõԼϲ˵İ飬ͺܺá
⣬вɻһĨȣӡУŮǲӦûʳ⡣
ȻˣȻҪһǳ϶Ļش

۵һĨţѵʲô
жˣħûע⵽һˮˮ٣صӰ죬ԲЩ
õ˿϶Ļش𣬿óħܲ˵ԼϲĲǡ
Ů˵ĲӣһǣҲϲ㣡
ħ룬˪мѡĻΪʲôһҪȥѡ񰮶õˣͺܺãԼ
Ůѧ˽Ұ˺ͰҵˣҶʶѡǸҵˡ


686 ֣ʧ䣨1
ʵħ뷨޿ɺǣŴһ뷨һģȻĿħ۹ⲻǺܺãÿһԼѡˣƺˡ
ڵİħǱϵĹ˻зԼҪôħܣܹ֮ȳѩ
Ȼ֪һ㣬ħ֮Ķѩһԭռͬһ忪ʼ궼ʼںϡ
ħ֮Ի飬һǳҪԭħֲʱɶѩǱģͬͬԴ
һ죬ħˣôѩҲܺãһҲĸ顣
棬ȷ˭Ҳ뵽顣
һҹ졣
ʱ䣬ѩҪ׼³ߵĻȻֱ֣ܶӽȥħԼһ˶ʱ˼롣
ԽʱħҪȥҪɹҪ¿ħ˽ţ⿪ӡ
硣
ѳѾ׼õŰħķ䣬СӣԷˡ
Ů΢΢üбһƽʱħһߣҪκԼĵط֡
Ů΢΢ףʾѶһߣȷ°ɡ
΢΢ԴħλþͿʲôҲ÷Լ뷨
סе΢΢˶ֺܿʲô鶼ûУԼһҪ侲ħŮԲ֪Լͺʲô
ԽǵֽҪͷ͸ӸԼһҪ侲ħŮκζߡ
ͺƽһѽзϣһµĲɫϰڿתͷŮˣǳոĶӦóȳԣȻ˾Ͳóˡ
òϣһǳˣеһ뷨ƽʱıУᣬȻҲĵħˡ
ħл飬ҲûֱĻ
ȷǵȻٳԡħϻһĨĿ⣬ȥ̸ˡ
һҲɾͺǵȴܼһϣԼܹħŮˡ
һɫ֣أʲô飬ֱ˵ɡ
һϣħҲ⣬ϾͻɹķûΪ֮ϵı䣬Լ̬Ҳ㹻ͱ˵ڡ
ŮлһĨɫ΢΢ͷҾͯͯŮǱߵôˡ
һ֪ŮЩͯͯŮĿ֮͸ӲΪŰѾܳһʱûȥѰͯͯŮͨһЩʽ͵͵ͷ˼ͯͯŮ
ЩȻǲ֪
֮ǰħͺһ벻Ȼû׼á
ܿ˾ͷӦȻħ˶ߣ΢΢ͷǸҲãʱ׼飬¡
Ǹˣ֪ħϲڣֱϴ֮ٸһɣһ
ȻԤϵħҲһʣ֪ʱر࣬һ˻æҲ
û£㲻ýţҲһ¡ҲżȵǴ֮˵ɡ
ħҲżħŵ鲻ǳ磬ԲһʱҪǰڵĻŪá
һɣҲҺħûмȥȻҪҴˡ
ǻ֮һץʱȥЩ顣
ŮԴЦݣʱħ֮ԽԽˡ
ţãǾɡ˵˾ͲóˣһòͰɡ
һ۵׻һĨ˷ܺͽţ⼸УһЩˮħһӷ̫ˮճʳвһЩˮǿߵ
ﵽǷĲ£Ǳħ
ħ鲻Ҩһǰζԡ
ͻȻܳĸо벻ŮҲһ档
ллҲԵ㣡
ʱƺĲ԰ףƲס˫ַĿ⿴ħҲԼҲȺһɽҩŹûķӦԭŵԷŻԭ
ʵֻ֤ҪһħŮˮзӦ
һҲµķ


687 ֣ʧ䣨2
һٷɹħ;˲ˮЩˮڻŮ˷ı仯ģһֱȥ϶а취
Ѿ׼ĬٶҪƿˮҲ֪ˮڷУϡ֮᲻ЧӰ졣
Щòȥ
ˮоħãħһ˾ħͷҪħϵħԲһǳ򵥵顣
һٷڷӵˮҲħоٰˣʹ
ħһĹǷ֮תͷҲ֪ôˣǾúһ˯һɡ
һвµΪˮã΢΢ͷãȳȥظʱҲˣúϢһ¡
ħĵͷȻ˺ġ
ԼѶ˳ȥ˰Ѷ֮Լһ˶Լţͺʲô鶼ûзһ
ڹ뿪һʱҪȥѰĬǡ
иȻѾõħΣ¿ввȻ˻ᶢԼ
ͱ˵ڡ
һ·ϣԸо˸ԼһתߵԱߵСҪ˭ڸԼ
ӤżתСǰһ֪˲⡣ôһӤ͸˷ܣ쿴Ŀ˺
ӤٸȥȻոߵӿڣԼӦһ˹⧲ӤϱݺݵУŭĿӡ
Լ˿ɲ
Ӥһʲô
˸İ⣬΢΢ò仰ӦŶԣ͵͵ʲô
Լ٣Ӥһ죬ŲӣңҲûи㣬ΪܺÿһҪ㣡
Ӥ۾ȷ˲ΪħŸԼҲصطĲ١ӤΪԲܾŹԷ
˵ɣΪʲôҪңȻҪ顣
Ϸ⣬ģѾڿǶɱ
ӤһݺݵؿһѲ㻹ɱҲɣ
⻰˵˼һ⻰˵ĲҿԿɱ㣬ڹһˣ˻𣡡
Խ⣬Ӥˡ
˵ĶģĻɱԼ
Ӥ𲻹ΪеĺģԲ˹ҪĿȻҲҪץסİѱв˼ȻӤͲԼȥͲˡ
Ӥһӹǰֻͨһ˫ϥŵأʮΪܷŹԷǾСĺġ
ĴˣŹңԺ󶼻Ϊ£ΪհŹҡ
Ӥץס˫ȣΪκĵطˡ
ӤûзӦ֮ʱҲóԼһֱߵĶ̵Ӥĺ󱳲˽ȥȷҲûдĿԣǺݺݵһ
һˣȻͺʲô鶼ûзһɴԼϵѪգ֮ȷʲô֮һ˴ӵһͷ˳
Ӵʵϲһˣ˵ûжٿԹĵ顣
˱Ӥٵ飬ԽСģڽ˺üȦȷᱻκע⵽ǹսͨѧУĵطӺС߽ȥĬסĺԺ
ĬǼ˻ԺԵ飬ѹܴ󣬲ҲЩѹӰ쵽ԼĬĵط
óĬܲﻹСֵֿΪҲǲиж
Ĭ
ӺгĬ֣Ĭ˳ƿſڵķ򣬵Ҳû뵽ʱῴһôˣ
ȻҲע⵽Ĵڣвһôʱ㲻ᱻ˷ְɡ
΢΢ҡͷ˵Ƿģȷû˸١
İҹȷӦߵǰ롣
һһ߽ЩܲԺ˵ɡ
ĬһǿҵĸоǳɹˣǹҪˮġ
ǹҪˮģ
ĬҲֱӰҪ˵˵˳΢΢ͷҪԼеͼԣҪˮģϴҵˮѾõĲˡ
ˣȫΪˣȻĸħ¶


688 ֣ʧ䣨3
Ĭ΢΢ͷѾ˲ˮȻµ˻ôһ죬Ҫˮ
УˮѾƳһЩߣ֪㵽ħôˮ𣡡
ĬħߵˣֻҪģܻҵħˮ
ĬȷǣħˮķʽӰ쵽ˮڵħʹˮҲһҪãȻ׹һ
ĬҲ׼Ĭһ¡
֮ǰ˵ħﲻϲˮζҲֱȥ⼸ķҶһЩˮȥЧǺԣǲҵ⡣
Ĭɱĺĳ̶ȸ̼ˣȻһ˲ϲԷжãҲԲκĵط
Ǽʱ䣬Ѿ֮ǰĬˮˣ˵Ҳ١
ʵħҲһŮˡ
Ĭûϻش⣬ֻڵĸо
һ˵ǲķʽУôԣһͷһ¡
ֱǲħŪ;Բݰ
Ĭ΢΢ҡͷиԼӦöħħħСӣСӣȫһˡ
ĬԼǶСӣϧħȴǸʮŮˣħǶ²Ĳ̡
ûУĺܺã㹻ˣħϵħ̫࣬ͬҲᰵˮĳɷϡͣǿʲôرЧʱˣܿЧˡ
Ȼʱ䵽ǶãкѾûжʱˡ
Уʱ䲻ˣĬֱӸңҿôħѾἰͯͯŮžڴ֮Ҫˣ
⻰ɫһ䣬ȻʱѾԽԽţѾûжʱ
ĬһòѼӿʱ䡣
ãˣţһҪֹħЩͯͯŮ֣Ȼ˶ˣ취ˮֱӵˮħãЧã
Ĭһεˮ¸һ£ɫζħԼȥҲ̫ĸо
Ϊ˱֤İȫĬҲ˲˼ˮħҲᷢˮǷˣֻҪ͵õ;Բħɵϡ
ǰһһ͸ӲõħŮϵ
ãңһᾡħŮˮ
޶ɷһĨŨŨݣûκĵط
Ĭ΢΢ͷãͽˣ
ҲõԼҪϢֱӴӸղĵط뿪
Ժ»ָһЩĺʲô鶼ûзһ
ǼҲ֪һħЩͯͯŮ֣Ե
ĬҪô죬Ŀ𣡡
ĬĬҲ֪𰸣ҲЩ鷢Ů˺ݺݵšüģھǴ黹аµʱ䣬ǡ
ȻĬѺĻ˵ֻ꣬öһۣĬһףͷð亹
İҹһĬô
Ĭɫѿѣоһһۣ֮ʲô˳
橿ĬÿӶʪˣƬѪѪѪ˳찡ѪˣĬ㣬Ҫˣ
ҲҺû֮ǰмĹӵĳڿĬӣľ֮侲ĬҪˣ
Ҫˣ
ǾȻһӶסˣİҹʶסĬȻ侲ˣʱҲɱݺݵŵˣ˽رסĬ֮⣬ʲô֪ˡ
Ҫô죡
ʱ򣬷ǻΪ侲
İҹ㲻ҪĬ᲻ģȰĬƽ̹ţȥˮȻҪãȥŰӮ㡭
ӮҲȷӦȥҩϣҩҲиϡ
ã죡
ǰסĬĸ첲Ĭ㲻Ҫţ侲ܿ캢Ӿͳˣܿûˡ
һٶΪĬ׼Ĭ˸ղŵĺ֮󣬾Ҳ˵ˣɫѿѡ
Ĭ˵ȴǸİҹˣĬĬô
ĬһİҹҺܺãȥ
ŮģĬһӦҪİҹӷϳȥ
İҹߣĬҪʱôʱ뿪Ĭ
ҲߣҾǣ


689 Ĭϣ黶ϲ1
ȻڶĬ˵İҹվԼߣֻģݺݵصһİҹᶨȥ
ﷴܹϲµĬ飬ǲİҹʱģŴŮ˶ϲԼ˿ԼʱǱģ
ˣİҹ㻹ȳȥɣŮԱߵģվĬģȥŰɣ
İҹǷ²£˵ĻҲû⣬һİҹҲзѡԣûиİҹκ˼ʱ䣬һưİҹ˳ȥһѹϴţ硣
ߵĬߣץסĬĸ첲
ˣĬҰİҹϳȥˣ㲻ýţϾҪˣȱ
ĬȻǵһҲԼѧϰ˲ʱҪע飬ʱ򷴶ҲȽϵ
оԼһһʹĬɫ԰ףҲҺʱҪлĬƽʱʱʾͲ棬һỹ㹻ȴӵĽ
ۣ
ĬΨһĸоͺ˺һʹöľˡ
ۣ֪ĬҲܲܣҲûа취顣
Ĭ֪ͣûʲôģһۣǺܿܰѺģ
Ųİο֮Ĭʱʱ˵һۣͺҪѻһİҹ絶֪ԭӾȻʹ顣
İҹзģԺҲˣֻҪӾ͹ˣ
أôûй
İҹƲסصĵͺһ뵽ԼӾۣİҹܲѣ޲ھܳȥܹĬоʹͺˡ
ӮһѾҩϸ˹İҹʹı飬һӱŵˡղſĬһѪ͹ģ㹻һˣٴζİҹģΪĬĬʲôˡ
ĬĬôˣҰҩϸˣ
Ӯһסİҹļ򣬾ֲѡ
ĬҩΪĵСͽܣ֪Ĭǰҩܷĵ£ٶȵһʱ˹ôˣ
İҹҲе˵ЩͰˡ
Ĭ棬橹ĬŲŻû
ҩϵƳһİҹ֪ʱ򣬸סİҹԼûа취ˡҽȥ
˵ҩϾҪŽȥİҹ֪׶橸˳ҩϾ͸ӲҪܹɹˡ
ˣ棬Ĭû£ǼǿѲŸ
һʮ㣬ﶼ쵣ˡ
Ų
ʱǰѲŸ˹˵ţ֪ĬȽżߵǰѲŸװؿ˹
ô㣬⻹ǵһĴ֪ڲأҲ˲ЩһжǰĬڵһλ
ˣǼÿҽȥ
ֱ߽䣬ĬüĬ·ĵ˵ͷܺããڲ׼Ѻǳ
һһ
˲ŽžоӪԼߣĬҲ΢һᣬӲŵİ취ʼмɵ
ʹʹ
Ĭ𣬹ǸɾëȻֱҪ˸Ľ࣬ʵȥ̫ʹˡ
İҹſڼתʲô鶼ˡİҹаһҪĬƽ¡
漸˿ӷһһѪˮóֱ˶ŵˡ
һŮ˵жѪʧѪ
İҹнŲѣô죬ô죬Ĭ˵ۣҪǲˣܲҪۡ
İҹ˵˾ĬˣںӻҪĬһ˵Լʹȫˡ
ҩһİҹļһС˵ʲôĬӣʲôˣҴСӣ
ҩҲ˵˵Ȼĳִİҹ
ھȴĽʱһΪ֮һ𣬺ڳˣ
űźӣ׼õСӰѺӸãѺͳȥϲǸСү
İҹѾסˣʶرסССһŵĺӣ˫ֲһڸȫ硣
İҹְˣ
ȻİҹĵĻĬæʵĬô
ȻİҹѺĻ˵꣬ĬߵĻ橲ɴһţţȵȣﻹһ
ﻹһ
˶ˣ
Ĭһ̧Ȼ˫ӡ


690 Ĭϣ黶ϲ2
ȻҲ˲ϺǼ˵¸˻ȥ
ڶﻳ˫ӵ˲࣬˫ӶԲ˵ҲǸΣգǳ׳ֲѪԽСӲκβ
ĬݺݵšüģǸոհһоʹһ㣬һתȻʹԭ滹ӡ
ʱĬɸокˣһӾѾȥ֮һӣĬ岻Ҳڰ
Ҳнţ˵һҪԼģǸղŲѾһ΢Ϣһ£Ǽ
⻰˵ףȻʹ˿ĬԼһĬѾʹľ룬ҪϢһ£ǲ֮ʲôòˡ
ĬҪֱӱ˫ۡ
Ųһһȣвˣѣ㲻˯
⻰һվ˶Ѿ˼ô࣬еĲѣѵĬǳˡ
İҹǵһȥģҲֱӳ嵽ĬǰϵСŮ˻һĨ΢ЦƺѾۼھ΢ϢһҲһҸ
ȻĬϢҪѴһŻˣһ˲˲ضĬĬһһİҹĻˡ
İҹĪĿֻţܵģܺĬ˯ȥҲѲˡ
Ĭ㲻Ҫ˯ѣ㲻ܶһ˰
һỹҩΪظĬȷĬ֮ڿԺݺݵһģĬûʲô飬̫ˣһͿˡ
ҩ⻰İҹһɣҸĬɣ𣡡
ԭҩϻ׼֮ǰĬԼˮãİҹ˵ҪĬȻĽòˡİҹ̵ܹĸܵӵĲס
ãȻԣĬܹĬָ񡣡
ҩϿ϶ĻشİҹûκԥֱӰԼϵҪĬ䡣
ȻڣĬɫҲԱúÿ
žһֱվԱߣɺݺݵصɴ˫ۣ⻹һμӵģƺЧܲӡ
ǹһʱ䣬Ĭ»ָ˾һ˶ůģ˫ۡԼ֮ǰӣ֮˯ˡ
ҹôˣ
Ĭ΢΢һ㶣廹һѾһЩˡ
İҹ͵ղ۵˯ˣҸһĬˡ
Ĭ΢΢˳ǣӵʱ۵˯ŵҲһ˰ɡ
ϻһĨΣˣûʲôˣҶŵΧ
ĬոѹԸоһһسۣʹӣӺʹ
һҲӦѵԼǰļ˼
ǼÿһӣȰӸˣ
Ȼһжͦŵģ˾ÿҲ֪Ĺ涨˶˳ȥİҹ뿪
ĬҲߣҾ㣬֮ûˣһ԰͸㣡
İҹҵһԼ԰æĵط˵ʲôʱ뿪
ĬҲˣİҹ⻰˵Ҳһĵۣûʲôİҹ˵ʲô飬ȻߣǾɡ
֮ǰľ飬ĬҲ΢һŵڵڶӲûеһôࡣ
ۡ
һޣ˶
ĬкݺݵһǰѺӳɹˡ
һ᲻˭˵ǣͺǻһڸ㶨ˡ
һᣬĬǳȷԼ԰˯ˣкݺݵһ֮˲ȥһԼĺӣ͵ͷ˯ȥˡ
ˣСӾͷİɣĬȻˣֻеˣúϢһ°ɡ
ҩ϶ĬĹľԲİҹ٣ȷһĬ˵
ԣİҹһе˼Ĭϣӷ˼˼
橺Ͷ˰æϴɾ֮֮ǰ׼õıӰãȫİҹȴһ㷴ӦûСһȴҲ㹻֤İҹУֻĬҪġ
һжȷڿԺúϢһ¡
ŶижѾüʮˣΨһһοɷ۰ġܶʱɷʱԶΪĵĻǺӵİҹ෴


691 Ĭϣ黶ϲ3
ͲųȥţȥɣǸϲǮ
ŵһ´鼫ã⼸Ҫעǹ壬ŮӼӷǳҪȻһСľͻ²ϲŮ˫ȫ
Ĭһһ̥һǸ磬֮ǸˣһӾͷĬԱߣĸ˼ͬƣڴ˯
İҹһ˲˲ضĬӣִδе㣬žһɡ
ҩǼҲڷĬϢھǼúڷϢһ¡

ҩϾͻָ֮ǰ࣬ĬһֱйעϾͽҪǴҷӳʱοǻϴ鷳
쵽׷ʲôĬôأ
ӮҩϵĹϵҪϤһЩѽ췢ͳͳһ飬ҩ΢΢ͷܾʲôԾĵط
ˣ֪ˣԺҪһСģһӣ¸Ӳ
ҩȻûе˵һѾʼƷ˶ˣԺҲˣĺôҲš
ҾӦòп϶ʲôԭ򡣡
ҲšüģҾõҲԭûɻĬ֡
ˣЩҲûʲô壬ҪĬûͺá
ȴ̫£ĬǰѾˣǸո˫ۣͶİҹŵ顣Ĭ㣬΢΢ҹ㲻һɡ
İҹĬҴ˼ҲûʲôģֱӵͷţˣʲôҪԵģȥŪ
ĶʮТ˰
Ĭһ˲䲻ɾԼİҹĺˣҲԼˡ
ãͦõģأҿӣ
İҹָָĬķ򣬺ȻȵСӣĬһӾˣĺӰ
ĬʶҪȥӣһǳϢѾ˳ȥ˻
ĸĸС
ĬżѹԼϢתİҹȻİҹȽ
İҹĬ⣬΢΢һ㶣Ҳ֪
İҹѾе˼Ĭһ˵ϣӵŮ˭˭Сİҹʲô֪ˡ
Ĭ΢΢˳ǣ֪Ҫô˵İҹźá°עӵϣԽԽǿɰԼĺӰ
Ҳ˷ĬʱҲӦѹˣ߹Ĭ
Ĭˣ
˵ǻ橣֤Ĭọ̈̄橾зȨˡ
ĬȻӵ˺棬Ѿûжﻹӡ󣬽лȻǼûоģŸ鷳
橣лл㡣
橲һ죬ҡͷлʲôⶼС£Ĭû¾ͺãܿɰأ
Ĭ΢΢ͷҸոտˣܿɰĬ˵ӵʱһ˾ǻᷢһˮ
Ȼĸ׵ˣȫһˡ
԰԰ǸǸ磬СǸãԺչãܲأˣĬİҹûУҿŶϲ
˫ð⣬Ĭĺӣᶼ͵͵ѺӴؼˡɰĺӣ˭᲻ϲأ
Ĭתͷİҹȫûʲô˼˼ӵ֣һжİҹȷ
ҹ㲻ӵֶûðɡ
İҹݺݵس˳ǣΣƺԼǱĬˡ
ôᣬ֮ǰˣкӾȡİϣŮӾͽİϣ顣ϣϣ
⻰ȴǲЦˣͷĬİҹãϲĬ˼ɡ
Ĭ΢΢Ҳû橵ĵ٩΢Ǽҹϲⲻ橣ҲŬˣǼϣϣ˻Сץһӣǻܴճס
ҪŪĬȴû뵽ĬĶŪһ橲һ죬һҲ˵ˡҲܣⶼѾδŮǲǰϣһĸ
˼һǿкˡ
Ĭʶס橵ߣɲУ֮Ƕӣ˺ܾúܾòŮǲǼϣȵż
ߣ˭˵ҾˣҸŮ㿴
橻ȻԼѾ߽Ĭúõ֮УΪԼĴоġ


692 ɰСӣ1
֮ǰĬԼ֪Լһλ˫ӣҲҺһ򲻴ƽʱҲע壬ڳɹ˳Կɰ̥Ҳ˵ʱֵ˸˵顣
ڴսǰɹӣĬĵ鶼Է¡
İϣİϣ飬ĬУøζϣϣսƳڰӭĹ
ʱĬǳע壬ϣԼܹʱָܻ۷ʱڣǵʱ䲻࣬ΪӣǶòħ
Ϊĸǿںܶʱ˵ľ˼ɡ
ĬĪһɣ⿴Լ߰СӣǿƲסӺܹԣ֪ǵкҪҪʱҲÿֵķʽȡĬע
һϣĬ˺ܶҪȥĵ顣
ĬҲ΢Ϣһ£Ҳһʱһ̡İҹۣǿԼӵѾòе
Ĭչתİҹķ
İɣԼԼԼ۵ܹоӣԲָҲкܴĺô
һϣĬзǳȻҲμֱ
ͻȻĬͻȻʲôİҹҹͻȻǵӣƺҲϲ
İҹһӻûĬ⻰ʲô˼΢΢ʲô˼
Ĭסİҹ֣֮ȥڴϵСӡ
ղĬǸո˹ϣСӺҲĬһ˵Сϲѡ
ƺע⵽ԼҸ׾ڿԼСһ΢΢죬Ŷϲ
ҹûע⵽СһԼڶʱ򣬾ѾʼѧԼڸոճѾˣ
Ĭ˵ʱĶǽһĸ׵Ľ˭ҵĺĺôء
ЩһӶûа취ﵽˮƽȻӸոճѾ˳еţ
СһҲǼΪƺĬڿ佱ԼĬ֨֨ЦĬϲѡ
İҹһҲû뵽Լһ˫ŮȻôҲͷһǺܲ
Ĭתͷİҹİҹ˵ĻǾˣ
ˣ
Ĭݺݵس˳ǣвɴһĨʧѵİҹϲӡ
ɵĬһôɰòԼ׵ϲҪǶ
İҹ㲻᲻ϲӰɣ
ĬдһĨ࣬İҹֱ˵һ֣ĬֱӺ
İҹ΢΢һ㶣ô᲻ϲҵĺأ
֪Ĭһ쵽Щʲô⻰˵ˡ
Ӷüˣ㶼׽ǣӰôܲϲǣ
һĬͺѾ϶İҹǲϲСˡ
СܵĬӰ죬һƲƲͣһίСģƺһͻֱӿ޳ˡ
İҹһۣⶼӰô᲻ϲ
ĬûвϲϣϣֻΪôۣۣһûӦҪôһõĸס
İҹ˵ԼеС˼ȻΪĬΪӣ̫ΪԼŮˣԲŲԸȥ׽ӡ
𰸣Ĭ᲻Լﵽʲôɺݺݵس˳ǣ֪Ҫô˵źá
ҹ޹ģǶúõģΪԭܺúöֱӺ㼱
ĬһЩҪİҹ˵ʡǺ˼롣
ĬѣĬϣϣӾԼĶһһŮƺֻԼĺӣʱŻòһøӳ졣
˺֮Ĭѧ˳ɳѾһˣǺӵĸףҪе֮ܶǰõΣͬʱָоȴҲ˵㡣
İҹ΢΢ᣬǸɵѾͷЩҶ֪ǰĽᾧһúһףúöԴǣ
Ĭ˵ĻЧİҹҲ𽥷ӦԼΪѾӰ쵽Ĭ뷨ԼһֱȥӳˣϲԼ׵ģȵǸʱİҹǺڶ
ںӻûгǰİҹб֤һһõĸףûкú
⿴ϵӣһȵСޣͺǸոճ¯Ȱһôܲϲأ


693 ɰСӣ2
Ĭ΢΢ǿİҹĶоѾףİҹѾͨˣ˵ôɰİҹôܻ᲻ϲ
һ룬ĬҲÿİҹҪȥӣһӲֵģȤˡ
ӵĸ׽Ȼһ¡
Ĭ΢΢üҹһɣҲϲ㡣
İҹ΢΢һ㶣вɻһĨȺڴңĿԣҲ˵ɡʲô鶼гˣԼӣȻЩ޴ˡ
İҹģ̶϶ŪĬ
İɣɲһˮޣҸղž˵ˣţǸոճѾ˳Ժ󻹲֪жĳϢ
ĬİοİҹҲɹдŨŨڴãұ
İҹлһĨŨŨĽţſ˫ǱһؿԼĶӣĳСһϲİҹİҹո߽䣬һ˫ƯӾûдİҹ뿪
İҹϣڻС¶һõЦݣϲİҹϵζһҲ֣ѽѽѽѽ
ϣڶԼС첲һ˷ܣİҹСޣԽˡ
ϣϣ
ᣬĬİҹģɾãھİҹԼ͵С޵ϣκԥ
İҹɫ˷ܣһ߶ŪĶӣѧᱧ֮ϵĶҲԽˡ֮תͷĬĬҸоϣϲң
˷ܵģĬ΢΢˳飬Ҳ˼Σóϣ⺢ƺϲİҹһ㡣
԰ϣϲ㣬ƽʱҺСһһȻϲ㰡Ĭжɴһ˿ԹЩˡ
İҹһĬ㺢ĻشϣĬĴߣѵñϣŻϲҰɡСɵϣǵĶӣϲңϲͺˣ
Ĭһ˼ؿǰˣĪİҹںԼ˵黰ĸоõ˰
ѽԺ˾Һϣͺˣ
ĬҲûоʲôãرסһ˯ģŮƺԼҹŮϲ˯һϣѾˣױڻﶺŪϣѾͷȴ˯㡣
İҹ϶ĵͷǵȻͺǵΡ
˵İҹص˵ͷ޵ԴĳģϣţҪ㳤󰡣ϰԺǳˣҪѧȥ֪𣡡
Ĭһ飬벻İҹܵźӵ˵⻰
ҹɵˣϣһӣôһܶʲôѽڻСӣͲøôѹ
óĬһʴȵĸףǸոտʼѾʼάԼҺˡİҹһЦĬͬĿ⣬ôȥȡֵĻһ
һϣİҹзǳᶨкӾӦô¾ͶԲк̫ɣȻͷ۵Ļǡ
ĬӾӦôСͿʼϣкӣҪѧеԼӦóеΡ
ĬһһϣҲǿ϶İҹܾúʲôԾ
ȻİҹҲĬм˼ʱ䣬°ѻתˣȲ˵ЩԺϣͽңҽϣѾͷͽ̸㣬ԽʵǿԱС
ڶӵĽ棬İҹȻû˵İҹԲһʴȵĸס
ĳڻСӲɻһǱʲôݺݵضסһ
ϣСӲ͵͵һԼ״ˣзڸı˵Լϲü
СӲƲƲ죬ƺϾҪ޳ˣСӵľޣϣС˼ʱһݣͷ˯ˡ
İҹⰮѾˣú˯ɡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷСԼĴ߷źá
Сϲ˯ˣȵٴһЩкܶҪȥˡ
ǸոճĬѾʼȲظСӰź飬ÿһĸ׵ͨԣʶΪԼĺеһС
İҹ΢΢ͷɫҲٹ죬ħӣԴǼ֮һֱܺȡϵ֪ô
ĬҲɴһ˿ģԸûбħְɡǵȵٿɡ
ȻҲΨһܹˡ


694 ħǰϦ1
֮󣬱ħӡ
֮ǰͿʼ׼һ죬׼鶼Ѿ׼׵кҪȢŮ˲ԼڴŮˣҲûйϵѩ棬аοԼȢŮ˾ǶѩǸµħ
ⳡ׼ĴҴææʱȣĻںͷ棬Ƕ˳ֳֵ׼ԲκʲôǷȱĵط
ŴɫĲã΢΢Īһ˿ڴ
ò˶ãһԴħֻҪħŮȥͶѩԶһˡһħˮﻹзм䶼˲ˮҪ֪ʱĬոҲ̫ˮȥĬٲˮˡ
ҲҺãһĬҲ˺üƿˮϾԹʱ䣬ҲżȥĬˮ
˼ʱ򣬺Ů˼
ˣȥ
һҲûħʱԼȥʲôǱ˵ʲô𣡡
Ů΢΢ҡͷȥ֪ˣ²֪
˦һ֣ã֪ˣ͹ȥҲɾԼɵˣ֪ħŮҪʲôӲ˵ǼŮˡ
ֱħס޵
Сӣƺ޾һͰĽ֮飬Ҳħĵط
ϣħܵ˱ϲĸоָоҸ
ˣɡ
ħ˵ԱߵλãʾһͨŮˣû̫˼ֻϲˣҪ˷ԼеһС
Ů˵£óħܲ˲顣һСӣ֮󣬾ǴӣҺøˣ
ֻҪϤݣְĽ㽵Ļͷǳ˳˵˳ûκԥĵط
ҲΪħûлɹ˶Լġ
ţ֪ӹһЩѾƣζ
Ůü欣ͺʱ޿̲һֻṴ˵һ
ħһ˶ˣԼʶģڿʲôöŮ˵һӦǰѶ
һڿ԰еĵͳͳ£ԭ˵˰죬ŮҪ˵顣
ͶģȻܾѽһԡ
ħֱźͳͳ£ĴŴϣһֻˡ
һѾƿҹⱭֱǾ䡣
ħԭҪһƺѹʱ򣬾ʲôÿˣȻǲʲô鶼㵽ס
һһغȥȻԼΪκβõĵطⷽҲǼΪˡ
ֱħһѾͳͳȹˣ˶Щˡ
߸׼ȷ˵ħˣǱȽѣ뷨ȻԼ׺
ӵĵǾƺԣһԼеһСĸֱ˵˳ʱ
޶޲
֮£ʵľƶħԼȥģħҲûעһ㡣
ħɹˣͺǱ˻һҲԭء
ǰŮڳɹˣͺһҲûһذŮ˱档
Ůвɴһ˿Өˮ⣬ҼؿǰˣκһڶŮȻģɻһ˿ϧ֮ɣҲһ
˺һиԼŮ˿һħŮôܻᶯģܿͰеĨ¶ͳͳȥ
ħ˿̲뵽ȴ˪Ӱ
Ůвɴһ˿ί૵˵˪˪˪ҪˣҪͱ˳ˣ
žħԼû뵽Լһף׵Ķȴ˪
ħһֱԼ˾˪ˣ˪ܻᰮˡ
Ȼʵϲˣ޸˲˪ħǲ΢΢һλôˣԺҲԶ뵽˪ˡ
Ů΢΢˫ۣԼ˼άУͺ񲻹ܷʲô飬ܰħһ
һ˲˲ضŮ˵գȷħѾ˯š
Ҳɴһ˿ɻŮ˵˪˭
ȻھħҲܻش⡣
һɣȻҲûҪ֪𰸣һɣ׼뿪
һ£ŮѵӺ


695 ħǰϦ2
΢΢һ㶣ʶתͷŮ峺׵⣬ϲɴһĨŨŨļһڸԼŮ˲ħֿŮˣѩ
ѩǺò׳ħԼеʱ䣬ڳɹռȨл˵仰
Ů΢΢ôѾʶˣ˵ѾŮˣ
ѩǲܵ飬棬СŮ˻ǲ˵⻰
᲻ףǰСŮǶѩǸħŮǰһǰһסѩĸ첲ѩһԲԣ
ѩһң˯ˣл
ʱıѩУжףЩ鶼ΪԼĻʲôԹĵط
ʱܿˡ
ֻҪܿѩһкúõģиͲκԹԣһжĸԸȥġ
Ҳ࣬Ҷͦõģѩģһ뵽취һûԼ壡
ֻҪһĸ׾Ѿ㹻ˣѩھô֮зѺܶ鶼ſˡ
Ů۵ĿǰˣһжΪԼȻȫӿħŮƣ뵽ҪȢǸħŮѩͿƲסܡ
ҪŮ˳ˡеѹ
ʱ򣬶ѩҲԼǲˡ
ȫµŮ˶ˣԼϲ˵ԼҪŮ˳ףѩȻҲ⡣
ȴǲЩС˷ܣ϶ѩ˵ǣǲǿΪʵѩϲԼģŻ᲻ġ
ӦͻףʵѩԼˡ
סѩĸ첲ѩģУҵӾֻһ˭Ҳܴ㡣ȵǽħŮʱ¾ٰ һòã
ѩһů֪˻Լ˵ʲôȡ֣ǻ˾Լ
ʵŮһӣܹһİԼŮˣʲôõĵġ
ѩվԼĸоĺܲŮסļԴĴһǡ
ûи߹㣬ʵҺϲ㣬ⱲӼõˣ
⧲϶ѩıףֱһ˶Ҫ˷ˣѩκζļŮġ
ѩͺǵĶѩͻȻʧһб׵ʱѾˣֻԼʵжǰСŮˣԼжںŮˣ
ѩ΢΢ȴһƬƽƺֻҪرסǰˣʲô鶼ˡ
֮Ҫħһˡ
ѩ̾һевʵġ
һۣ׶ѩ˼ȻȴòЩ顣
ѩԲûа취
ǰ˱ǸĻش𣬶ѩĪһɣ΢΢ҡͷʵҺܸˣصŮǸħŮҲҵ塣
ѩ촽ȥͺֻȷԼں˵
ȻݺݵػӦŮ˵飬ǵһΣ֪ںԼǵŮǶѩħ
ذǰŮˣвɲһָоվԼǰŮԶǶѩһֱһʲôȥ׷أ
ԽᶨһҪ취Ըħ
Ȼѩ۵ʱ䲻ǺܳÿζҴææ˵仰Ϊ˱֤ħ֣ѩǰ㿪
ŮؿǰˣڶԷһǡ
ʱ䲻ˣҪȥˣһԶĬĬؿ㡣ѩץס֣Ķǲᣬһţܷʲô飬һҪԼȫǰ棬ϣúõģΪңҲɵ£
ҲǶѩҪ˵Ļ
ѩİΪˣŻ᲻ˡ
ණѩͷǹһĨЦݣİɣﶼʲôġ
Ȼ⻰к̶ܴοѩѾ˾ģԲΪһЩı䡣
Щ飬ѩǰһ˻ԼıУͺԵʲô鶼ûзˡ
Ŀһ۽ڴϵŮˣȵѩٴʱ±ħ
Ȼ˲ûע⵽ſڻվһŮˣԸղͶѩеŮ˿۵ס


696 µΣ1
Ů˿ƲסɪɪԼ֪һ֪飬нŲѣ᲻ֱɱԼ
ȻŮԽǽţԽǿƲסԼɪɪһϣûпԼ
˪ôվ﷢㶶ʲôŮԻһĨɻ
˪һˣˣ˻Ϊ˱סܶԼºˣ
ɵð˪ĸˣСŮҲɾǼǱ˵ģȻҲЩͬ
˪ǲ岻
ת䵽˪ϣŮǰѸղŵˡ
ǾͲܹˡ
Ǻǣǰ˪̧ͷҡ
˪Ʋסػ󣬴ˣˣҸղʲôûп
ֱǴ˵ʲôûп˪òš
ῴŮ˵ѣʲô鶼ˣ
Ǻǣ㲻ýţֲ㡣Ȼֻذ˪еĿ־壬ΡΡضĮı顣
˪ͷˣˣҴˣʲôûпŹңŹң
֦һҲף˪⵽ʲôСŮ˿
˪ڸʲôôãġ֦ڵϣΪ˪飬ˣ˪ģ˴дŹ˪ɡ
ŹһߵķװŮˣȷŮǺʲô֪˪ͲŹˡ
ˣɣûҪǵ˼˪ǰɡ
˪һͷʼᣬԵĻϣԼղʲôû˵
ǣǣҾͽа˪
ص˵ͷˣɣ˸ո˯£ţҪϢ˪ҹһ¡
˪һٸһǧͬ⣬Ȼڶ飬кɲͬ⻹ǲͬ⡣
ǣ
֦۵׻һĨɻܾð˪֮ʲôɸ˵ܣȻһʱ䣬ҲûܿףֻȫѹԼеɻ󣬡ǣ˪ȥɣҡ
˪۵״һĨ˿ɫҪ뿪
ȵһȫĵطֻǰСŮͺȫһһҲ֮ǰ㣬ͺһͻֱӳһ
˪ܲף׼ɡ
ŮǰˣҷʲôûпҾԲ˵ȥģ
䣬ûκα飬Ǻǣ˪֪ϣ˭𣡡
ŮԻһĨɻôܻ֪ʲôʶҡҡͷˣұ֤Ҳ֮ǰ˵ȥ
ЦˣؿǰŮˣղŲǻ˵ʲôûпҪ˵С춼ûһοܹ㣡
ڵϵŮˣָڷָظŮ˵ա
Ȼûκθ飬˪Լ׼ɱĶ˲ڴҪôֻȽϺá
ڰ˪ѾеϣоɵʱħӺ𣬡ʲô
΢΢һ㶣Ҳû뵽ħŮȻô˹вɻһĨգ֪ԼӦǰһŮˡ
Ͷ˪һŮ˸˵ʲôһǧһְ취Ůˡ
ܵ⣬˪һ˵Ҳ˵
ϻһĨɵЦݣתߵħߣСŮղŷһڽѵ͹ˡϢúõ𡣡
ħǰˣҪϿκβһ飬ܺãûʲôԾĵط
ħ֪ʲô飬һҪȻĻᱻŮ˸ˡ
ħһѾˣҲ
СŮǷʲôֵġ
ħԸȥΪϲˣȻ԰˪ʱûĺˡħֱǰѰ˪ҪɵŮˣ
ȻŮ˷˴Ǿֱӽ˾ǣҵ߲Ҫ
ҪԷĽ͡
˪ˣݾûпʱħŮ֪жˣѵԼҲҪ֮һ
˪ڵħͷϴҴˣū澴ˣСŮ˾ͺǲ֪ʹһԴصĹڵϣͷѾĳѪҲκͣġ


697 µΣ2
Ȼܰ˪ôͷħ࿴һۣŮ˷תͷħֻ̬ȡ
ô
һ֪ħеʲôĻǾ˷ôʱ䣬ħߵ˽⡣
ֻͿϧŮȻ˵ֻҪԼܹƽ˵ֺʲôϵԭ׼Ůˡ
أҶģղҾֱӽ
˪ɻ䣬Ҫ˵ʲôǸո죬Ȼ֪һСʯͷֱӻŮ˵Ѩʲô˵ˡ
˪ǼֱᣬȴһЧûУӲҲħۡ
ȻħĻش⣬΢΢ͷԶְɡ
ǳħĿ飬ĶŮ飬ȻԼ֣ûи飬һˡ
ûκԥĵطֱӶŰ˪ͷһƣԷκηӦʱ䣬һбûκĵط
㲻ħлһĨ⣬ӿȷûжŮκβһĸ飬ˣʰˣ߰ɡ
һһķ
ȻǸղס˪Ůħ뿪ʱ򣬻شӽ˳ղס˰˪Ӱħ
Ů˿ŵѾûκκİ˪ǲһĨõЦݡ
һ̶ϣپͽһеĻаֱ֦ʡ
˪㲻ҪңɱˣھȪ֮¾ͲҪѹˡԺͶ̥ʱ׼һ㣬˲Ҫ˱˵·
֦вκθ飬֮ǰֳ԰˪ǳĵСŮȻˡ
֦Ͱ˪˶ǱѡΪħŮȻеõĺôҲܶ࣬ȻϵһҲôһ㣬֦ԼŮ˳
˳˰˪ħŮеĵһˡ
֦лһĨİâ˭ð˪Ů˶ԽȻΪãǾͲܹ취Ůˡ
˭Ҳ뵽ħߵŮȻҲбʱ
Ů˾ǰ֦Ч˲ħ
Ҳ뵽ԼǱ˸ˣҲ̫⣬Ͼ˵ҪĻǵܲܳɹ⵹ħ˵ʲô˼Ĺܲôˡ
ʹ
ôܻʲôܣħڻϵ߰һĵͬҲħ߰Լ춯ֵ˾ǰ֦
һϿߴϢǿƲס΢΢óǳá
벻ɣҲ߰ߣ
һλһôܻ᲻ħߵѾΣ˹ҵİĬǻȥŬ⣬Ϊһҵͳ߰ҲòԼġ
ɾζѩĴһõĻᡣ
ϵİȥǲɹһĨаȵЦݡ
Ժ
ĬԼϵӣݺݵšüģܾʱԽԽĬҲǿƲסԽţҲ֪ǻʲô
ܻʲô飬ĬзģΪӣҲһҪɹȹ顣
İҹ΢΢ȻҲĬĵ飬ǰһסĬ֣Ϣɣһ˻Զһ𣡡
⻰ĬһĪİҹ˵ܷʲô飬һ˶Զһ𡣾ֻҪҲõôˡ
ҹ
ÿ˶кܶҪȥȥ˼飬ȻںԼںһʱƺٴѶһ׮ǿ顣
籩¹ڵϵͶһֱĸоֻϣһжƽɡ
ɳɳɳҶһҹ꣬ƺҪеۻͳͳϴɾһͲκ⡣
˽ڴɹȥ
顣
ħĴ飬עЩ˹ע飬ǶѾע⵽ˣĵϾҪһ
ٹΪʦĻòʮױƺƴħУֻԼݣֻǿϧħܵΪףвЩź
ħԼѾոսħʱģܽʹ޹Լħ壬СŮħܾ۸
ܿħһĹУԭ۸˱ȥ۸˵ˣתŮ˿ʼԽ˺ħѾسΪһħ壡


698 ʮױջ1
ħ촩ǴɫķϼһⱦĵΣŲ۾ⳡŮǿĻħȴûֳʲôһĵط
ⳡõǴͳʽĻһħͱ簲źõͷŮæױе鶼ɵؽСⳡ˫ڹԵҲ̫ڽš
㶼Ѿ׼ڹóףӦеĶ̶Բ١
ħʰ˶ͷϺͷ˻Σ׼ھεһȦ֮»صڹ
Աߵİ˵˶ʦһԷʢ񣬹Ǵӻ̺ʹõĶǶõġ
Ǽװ׼һ䣬˾֣
찡֮ǰ谮橹飬ʼҵļױҲǰʮ䣬벻ʦȻȹõĻ࣬һ䣬ѾǻȢʺʱƸˣ˲ڵһȴҲҴ˵
ǶʦĺӣȻλʦû̫õӡ󣬲ȴԲ϶ԶѩΣ͹ǿŮܹһ·ƽƣԿŮϵʵˡ
ꡪ⻰ɲҪˣʦɲǳصģС㲱ϵԴվԱߵ˶һ֮һĨӵĶ
ôһ˵ҲǱŵˣսͣʲô˵оŲѡ
ĬǼŷǳҪһ鶼׼ڽ춯֣ȻɫϾѡ
Ǽ켣УŵȻħߵǽʱֱӶ֣Ȼõľʱ
óħԽⳡΪӣⲼܱߵͿ֪ˡ
Ůڻ֮УͷϻһͷħвһĨϲҪ޸Լϲˡ
һӶԼõİɡ
ħǿʱȴҲ¶һĨСŮ̬
ħҲǳĬЩӦѾ˾ǣϵĻ飬Ͽ϶ƽʱɭϣҲöֵʱ뵽ħǲɹһĨаȵЦݣѾ׼ˡ
ȻҲǺĬһ𣬲֪ôģͻȻһֲõԤУܾħʵѾƺһУھ͵ˡ
ĬǰҾá
ݺݵšüģҪеĵֱ˵֪һᶼŽ£ȻԺҵĻᡣ
ĵģħѾ׼ˣھ͵ˡ
Ĭһ϶ŵ飬дѾµСŮе뷨ʵԼжҲûʮİա
㣬㲻Ҫ̫֪࣬ⳡħΪ˻˳УҲһǿܱߵķ˵ķϵͳƽʱĬһЩ֮ǰˣħǸŮˣԲԼԿ
ȻҲûѡ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳһ벻ˣĬЩ鶼֪Ϊʲôȴѡڽ졣
İҹһΪĬش𣬡Ϊõʱȷھǡ
ʵûа취ھǴɱ䣬ԲܽжôѣҲֻнһĻᣡ
Ĭ֮С۲û˵ע⣬ħĻһֻٶھǵĴǰ˳ӿκ鶼Բ˿ֵˣο⻹ǶʦĴ顣
ǰжʶţԻô䶯һԺҲܹﵽˮ׼
һŸͷǰ棬еҲƽѾȺпĬǣпԺݺݵһһжᳯźõķ淢չ
ߵ˽׶ħڰǲе֮⣬Ⱥð
ĬǼ໥һ񣬾ڣ
ȻĬǼ߳ȥһԶȴǰ棬Ϊ׵ĺסΡ
վסԣ·ҿҪγ·ƣ
ĬǼǱҲû뵽ħǾȻôùȻڳ׵·ϻٷˡ
ǿ⼸ٷˣҪħϵõôȻǲܵ飬ںܴĳ̶ϻԼСгȥ
ħвһĨâһӣ˾ѾֱӶ֡
ϴҲЩǿеϴ󣬸ûܾԼΪκβԵմմϲ˶ĳʦǮǮôģҲҪһʺˡ
ԼȻǵȻϲֽٸƶ顣


699 ʮױջ2
ϴһһǮĶֵܼҪҲֻ࣬ҪǰЩױ£˿ߣ
ħԽ䣬Щ˾ȻԼļױҪռΪУҲҪǲˡ
ҲͬأŮӽԴһĨ
ֵܼͲˣϴһοΪʴ⣬еֵܶϣѵСŮˣ
֦ħһŮ֡
ǣˣЩ˽Ǵ֦һһ֪ǴͻȻðһˣЩȻħǰõ
ڹ˺ٷ˴һţĳٷ˱ϿȥǺȻܹռɽأ͢Ѿǲ֪ٴξҪЩٷˣûܳɹ
Щٷ˵ʵҲȥһڹ˺ͽٷ˴һţȻһʱ֮侹ȻûϷֳ¡
ӮһлһĨ⣬ٷ˵Ԥǵˡ
Ĭô̵ְİ취õĲɣ
Ĭ۵ײɻһĨâӮı飬᲻ף⾹ȻӮģ
á
ӮһǵȻֻҪųȥⳡϵļױ񣬶ѩûжԹʲôȴּҲᣬȻ˻ۺ졣ɷկĽٷ˿Ǵͷ͢Χ˶ʧܣȻܰȵһӡ
Ĭ΢΢˳ǣȻҪԣ뵽򵥵İ취Լ
ĲĬһӮļ򣬾ԱֳӮ֮顣
İҹ΢΢˳飬ԲӮʵ취Ĭ뵽ˣʱ˵ӮҲһǰȥãȻϰ
ʵҲͦ
ħҲû뵽˾ȻôѲлʱ䣬Ĵ飬ɲЩ˵˷̫ʱ䡣
֦սپŮѾŨŨĲͷ
һʱ򻹲ܱħ֣ҲⳡΧ˵жС
һúõĻת˵ĽɱжһȺ˺˲Ͻ֣ȥҲͦȤġ
ħһĶʧĻôܱģҲͲסӣԼͷĺͷӻ˳
찡ҵĴС㣬ôܰѺͷԼˣеģѺͷýŲɴһǿǾԲԼͷϵĺͷ»˫ǳá
Ȼħ˵ҲͲħˡ
ŮһֱӰѺͷһߣҲҺħл֪ӣˣҪ»ȥóףûֱӰѺͷˣѾǳˡ
ȻΪ˿Ѿǳ治ˡ
ħҲֱӴӻ߳ȥӿǰýŸŵˡ
С㣬ǲеģ㲻氡ýžǾľְֱʱ򻹲ħӦע飬ȻΪȴǲħκĵĵط
ŮؿһýţѹýŲɻһͺԼҪŮ˸һҡͷȻŮ˶Ѿˣ˵ʲôأ
ֻħ˳߹ȥҲԱߵùֱӳȺ˽
Ӵӵˣ׼ԼԶˣ
ٷ˵ĺϴвһĨ֮飬ʵû뵽Ȼ飬ⲻѣã
һ飬ܾһ顣
ǾΪ˽ٵĳɹҲܶħοЩٷһֱõɶǽٸƶľΪʵˣ֮ͨǰӮͷųȥϢħԾǽٷʹ޵͡
˲˫һħļ룬˲ڹߵ˺ܶ࣬ǹûжõʱ䣬˳ȡʤ
ĬԱ߿ǵĴ򶷣зЩٷ˶˼ֺøУЩٷҲʲô˶Լԭ򣬵Ҳ˿á
İɣЩٷ˶ĵϤǴ򲻹ħҲȫˡİҹһ˵ĬĵĻ
ⷽ棬κ˶İҹĬĵ׵С˼
Ȼİҹ⻰һЩĽٷʶԼǵĶ֣ħûע⵽׷ʲô
Ҳ֪˭ͷһǾ͸׷ʲô
ᣬٷ뿪أж׵˳ޣӪѵصʿʱ򶼲һٷ˵Ĺ


700 ʮױջ3
ĬɺݺݵصͷжЩٷ˽һʶͨĽٷˣ϶ƽʱʱҲоרŵѵȻɡ
ôǻǺİɣ
Ӯ΢΢ۿٷ˵Ķ֮ҲɱݺݵˣҪħȫˣԲһ׵飬ԣǾȻˣ
Ĭ϶ĵͷǳǳֵʱˣ
ŮвһĨᶨĬݺݵս˫ȭиԼһҪ㹻侲ȡһܹħ
ȻһȴİҹסĬٵȵȡ
زﲻֻǱһˣ
ħƽʱȷܲģһʱ䣬Ѿǵڶˣⳡעûʲô³
Ȼħ߲ܣĬȻǷǳ
ɽۻ֮֮
ħ鷳ˣղŵжӮһħôǹⱻɷկṩж̡
ж
ĬתͷӮӮҲûʲôģҺͷɷկϴйһ㽻飬֪׼ǵĻȻæṩһЩСӮϻһĨһЦݣȻƺõġ
Ĭ΢΢ͷֲ⼸ûпӮԭȥ׼Щˡ
һǽĽҲܴͻư
ħ˱ĶΧסȻЩҲ׼
ʲôˣÿ
ħŨŨķŭԭõκ˶Ҫʱˡ
ȻԷǵʱˡ
½ͳ찲ץѩ㲻ҪνķΪ׵Ľʿһ֪Щ˶ˣǾԲǽĶ֣
ħһϣǺǣҪץң
ħУûаѻϷҲû뵽ܻʵ۾ȻʱԼԣԲԭ£
ˣǻûҲ֪˭˵һܿõ˾˵Ӧ
жˣ
֦΢΢Դҩµģǳ͢ɵߣѾź߳ͨ͢Ȼ׼Ȼһǰ֦ԼҲоûʲôŮһܿ췴Ӧ
ãղŵж֦ڷӦζ뵽Ȼһг档
ħɺݺݵšüģǰ֦˵⻰ҲѾʶŮвһĨա
죡
֮ħҲȻκĵطתϵħҪڵĶ̸ųȥ
ȻħתħʱоȻǿһַٶʴԼڵħɴ̫֮ǿҲɺˡ
Ҫ֪ħǿľڵħȻħȴǱĪɣβġ
ˮ֮
ŮлһĨʹ࣬תͷ㣡
ܹʳͷˮɵˣҲҲˡȴҲħԸȥɵˡ
˿Ҳ̵Ķҩħģһˮˣ
˿ѾԷ֣ҲûʲôĵطϣңƽʱԵĶмˮŮ벻Ҳн죡
ϵķҲκΰĽ
ƭң
ħݺݵģӿŭޣ
ȻȴǸϲħʹģҾƭ㣡ŮҺ޲ðǧУ
ȥɣҪûôף
ֻˢһħϵĺɫ±˺ŮϴŨŨľһ硣
˿ħͷų̫ǿӲܱߵͳͳ˳ȥˡΪصľˣƭߣ
ѪظܵԼţף˶ˡ
ΨһźžǲܺͶѩһ𣬲ܹԸħҲһˡ
ĬǼվڲԶ˿Ҳɱħɵľ޴˺ݺݵˡ
Ůˣƾһ֮ΪԲķȥݲγһ޴ħȦر仯ǳͻת
ãħҪأ
һܸܵ˿ħʹ;
ŮԼΪý飬ٻص
֮֮񣬿ħţ
ħɫ͸һĨ侲ѾȥǾΪᣡ


701 أ
ĬһãħȻҪԼΪý飬ԼħĴţ
Ů˾ԻǷˣѾʼصķ񣬲ϧƴԼҲҪ硣
˿Ӧ÷ǳʹħģȻ⼸˾ȻʼЩͬħˣŮıѡھһδα֮Ůڷˣܲ˵Ҫ硣
Ĭһվ˳ȥ
ħ㲻Ҫ嶯
źµŮתͷĬһУʱĬĳȴһϵİο
ĬôҲҪɱң
ħĿ̫ϬĬȻһ˵ǿػش𣬡ڣˣĻزˣ
زźۣҸͲţǺܺáħһ䣬ҲùҲùҪΪᣡҲ͹ˡ
ĬŮ˷ϻʲôһϣ
ὣԼĬħȥ
ס֣ҪĬʶһȻһѾˡ
ȻǸûл῿ħֱӱħˤ˻
ħѾħ״̬ûܹħ
ĬһħħԽأѾʼһɫĴš
ħţ
ħţ
ѵûа취ֹһƽ٣
Ĭ˸ŨŨʹޣԼΪõϢߣĬһ˶ˡ
֮ԭվԭصŮ˻ı仯ƫƫĹӣһħ
Сӣ
ħ˲סˣ˼Ķӭˣ૵ؽг˶Է֡
˪˪𣡡
˲ʧȥսҲɶħǸ߹ȥˣڸղһսУûע⵽ﾹȻһˣ
˪˪𣡡橾ǵһ׵ġ
ȴǿƲסؼƴҪ˪ȻղһͿգվûУӲ˵ǿ˪ˡ
˪˪
ŮѾƲסļ
΢΢һ߽ħ޾ʹϧСӣҶԲ㣬ɣǲҪٴȥˡһоеɡ
ħ˲ɵˣûǹ˪˪ˣκ˶ȡˣȻãŻ»Ȼ˿϶˪䡣
˽ԼСӣ֣˲ٸǿŮˣԼֿǰҲ˲һֻɵСèħɢԭѾһħŴºϡ
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