صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

Ϊ
ߣ

 1 

꣬Ͻ漱
Զ󽫾׿Ңʶʮϸǰߣȴڽڰˡ
ܾ֮ʣٻأ׿Ң״ͨѹıڵǰɱ
׿һ壬ҵøû³
׿Ҳôͱˣ
ʲôҲҵģϽҲ
׿һ˹ɫŮڹ𣿡
Ƕѱඡ
Ͻ̬׿Ҷˣ˭ܴ
ֻб뺮֮һսˣ
춼Ϊ׿һµķзǺ֮ȻҲ
׿쿴Էĺ˸ѿģȴ綬ѩ
һطվԺУ°ϣмᣬմʪ۽ǵɰ롣
˫ӳŲлֻɪüͷ߿࣬⼸գϢϣÿһԶĵʹ
ǰգﳼ׿Ңͨѹǰϣѱ͵
գ׿һ壬ȫû׾󣬼Ҷȫ
һ磬㴫ּԷ
ʧ£ﳼ׿ҢӦϣͨѹﵱ꣬ض飬Ͷһʾʶ
׿ּܲҪϣҪһС˲ԣɱң
·񣬲ŵգ˵Ĵ󶼲󣬾İۡӴọ֮̃ٶ֮죬ĿеΣǴӲմǳ׿죬Ҳ֪
Ҫ׿һ
򷢵ֻ̫ܽ˽׿ǰߵͷ
׿ϣˣͷһʣô˵
С̫ŵûڵχNNವ˵׿ȴס
ϲԸ
ݵӰһΣĹ̻׹ȥޱߵš
Ԥ룬׶Ȼ絶ʡ깬е飬ҹزֲ࣬С˵һƾչݡ
ЦЦԼ棬Ҫ׿һˣ²߸ϵ
ЦԼڴǻơ
׿ЦѾʣµֻв⡣
ҲٳǧҲԴݲκɳӣһ빬ΪԼĽԼƢԣΪʧȥ˴Ψһĺӡ
ֹԹ
ɵͷ±Ǩͽ͡
þɡȻ
һԷڵūū˲һأͷĿͷĨĨᣬﲻסĺ
ūŶһýʢŵľƣ׿ָ𣬲ǰһαʵټʱ龰
ףͺϻƣ˽ʱҲʢƲӲӵĽ
ʱһƣʵҪˣʱһƣʵҪ
׿ЦﾡǱһԵ֣գ֡
죬һ
븹һ˲
ֻҪĸ׾죬һһϲ֣ٿҲԸ
ǰĹ𽥵ȥߵȴ
Сô˵Ϻˣǻţ˵ް𣿡
Сãôֻͻ졭
ͿǾֲǿݾźĵˮûôˡ
Ҳ֪Сʲôʱѹ׵˶ˡ
꣬Զ
һůСѾڴǰϸźš
ǴŵģԶĴС㣬ʱۣͷ󺹵ĺšѾͷҵͷϵֻŻ˯
׿ɫҰף۵׷࣬Ⱦ˺֢ڽյƤشתһ˫üֽʲôµΡ
ͻȻۡ
ֺһȻŷӦΧȥ
С㣡ˣһӾͿ˳Ĩᡣ
̽̽ͷο˲ˣûˡ
׿һãȻĿôһ£
С㣬ȥүͷˣǶˡ
ǻţ
׿쿴ܳȥֻ֣Σֺ̧ݺݵԼһơ
С㣡񾪺ɴ۾ʲôѽ
ۣʵۡ
׿æ￴һȦûڷǰӣǽˣˣ
Ͻ·С㣬ôӲźЩɲˣȥǶŻˡ

׿ǵõ£ʮ꣬׿Ң֮󣬵˼Ľ׹ϲĲˣ͵棬һ׹Ӿͽ˾
ֵ׿ΪȻҪģ׹Ӧþ͵˱ϡ֪츮ˣһͨ˱׿붼û͸˽ȥһͷˮʱһ»࣬ˡ
׿Ң͸˾ҵǸ׹ʱѾûл彣ˣΪѾ˹
ԣػʮˣ
رǼһᣬεžžવ׿֪ϲǸмǼ
ʮ꣬׿һδݺﻹ
һжûʼһжԸı䣡
ĿɿڴĿԼС㣬ǰο
׿֮Ů¶輫ʢ֮һ԰ӣѱ۸漣ʱԼ޳
С㣿ôˣ
׿˲ᣬȻһЦްֻ̫ˡ
Ϊᣬһ߶ȤСǲ˵ףԲôѽ
ף˵ף
ͷѽС⼸գÿ춼ǰԺС˵˿ˣƸŵȥˡƸҲ϶һ㣬үҵÿ춼Ҫȥء
ʮ꣬󲡳˹빬֮ǰǰģ빬ֻ֮ȫԼʤĲԣѧŮ̬ǰѻʵ̫󶼻ȥˣһ֡
ʱ׵Ķǻʼҵˡ
׵˼ˣ
ǵգС˯ġ
ǵô˵
ү˼ǵС˵
׿ͷʥϣ׿ζܾܾ
һҪҪҪᣡ
ҪÿһѪծѪ
񣬷ҳȥ
С㣬ѩأӲźһ㣬ȥǻ
ްԼԼ
ֲҪϵžͱƿˣҴҽˡ
һ֮׿ҢһӢˬ֮ˣء
׿һղסᣬֱӿ
βֹϲίںޡ
ΪٲüΪһֽگϵľԶʱվǰɫһ統ģ
׿ҲƲסĵһѳ±ӣ˹ȥ

һԽǧ׺ɣǨ
һŮˣй֣æһӲŭ㵹ȿίƽˣǴľҲǸģҪ˷ֵ磬С²ǶҪûˣ˿ôʰ㣡
׿§رǿţҪʰΪЦôʰңҿ϶ܡ
һ⺢ӽôɣջˣæĶͷȷϲղŷ
׿һ˫ۣػ꣬ѧˣԺ϶
׿ҢһԼŮҲ˱ӣࣺ㿴㣬ϲǶ͸Ҫ͵ôͷ֪ѧ
׿ػޱ̰֮׵ůͷԣԺ󶼻ԹԵġ֤Ϸߣĺӣ͵˽صĽ/顣
ֺ˵ôƤǲǣ׿ҢҪ׿ȴЦ
ǸоһجΣ޽УҲܻϳ谮Ҳʹ׿ҶԡʶҲ޹ۿԼеĺСȴǰ裬׿ұû֮ʱһΪ׿飬
ڶˣɡ
Ҷˣ㰾ࡣ
Ԥˣ֣˹
֮ǰϲķ֮󣬾ûлˡһ࣬ģͬģҲǲһġ
׿ٵĳһ룬ŵ˵أػʮˣһж

 2 

ڹڵİ꣬⻳ڽӣ׿§أǣ׿ҢôԸſ
㿴ңҿ㣬˵⺢ôˣ
ôһ׿룬ɴһֱűˣʲôԹȥԼֻڸĸߣһЩپһЩ
ܿѹΪ»ǻᷢġ
ͨѹûϸܵĳﻮݺô׿ҵ鹣Ϸ绯ĵԨ
һУ뱣뱣ˡ
𣿡
һ̾˿Ҫء
ˣԸ⡣
˽һ׿СߣԸнᣬǲ׳ɵģӦʹ죿
صĵ֪˭ףǿǻʡ
֪Ҽޡ
գԶǰʮ֣ųӡÿǰźĵһ࣬ɡ
ӵǰ棬һƥ϶һӡ
ӹڣüĿɢֺ֮˼֡
һ棬ۿѩԽԽ̲סʣүۻ𣿡
ӵͷȡ
źԶ󽫾׿Ң˳ϵһ
μ¡
λפڱޣ뵱ʵͬΪѹֵֻͬͬˡ
ȵа˸ӣϴǹ϶ǻӵزϣһͱȻʳ谮ճϰˣʱ󣬱Ʈѩʮ֮ãʦ˵⺢ѪҪѪɷ֮زܻסȻʱ㽫ճ͸˱౱ӡ
սѬգҲճѪпԸڴȷʵ֣սճʮʱͱΪҽڱδһ̣Ϊ˱İնΪ룬̫ƽ
ֻλٳ춼ǣ׿ҢôҲ벻ףô׿ģôأ
ճ㷭΢΢ףһۡ
׿ҢȻүСŮոѾˣ޴󰭡
һˣ˵üһɡ
׿Ң˵֮£ҲͬСŮˣ˵һ٣;һ׷˹̧׿ȥȻճһĶ
׿ҢæһЦСŮͬԸӦ¡
ճ΢΢һŷӦ׿Ң˵ʲô
ͬˡ
ͬ޸
ճһůϲ֮ɫӢӣǲ˼֣ǻ𶯡
һ
һ
üһãձͼʱǵ³̽У֮±ȥ˵ҲȫȨȥ죬飿
ûС
ûУǺձǰȢף뽫׼
׿Ң˵һʱͷԷ£ӲŷӦ
ү⡭գʱǲ̫ˣ
ģ㹻׼
ҵ˼ǣӦ£СŮҲüһ棬飬Ҳ飬ҲҸʦʱȡͷαôżأ
ճһתȷܼ
أ϶һһҵޣ˺β磬ƫҪ
׿ҢҲͷһеĻһʱеΣЦЦͣү˵
Ǳʹ˶¡
˵꣬ճһ̤ͱ˳ȥ
ĻϣֻʣƸ񳵶ӣɵһʻԶĴš
ڶգ춼Ƕ֪¡
æһţһ纮ϲϲһӦƷ㵽ڵǶ˵үʵģ׼ȫ϶ܺСһ
׿ȻоްǱڴ쳣һĹ⾰Ҳ˼ԼԺ·
һ˯ʱһ𾪳ҰĴ£ϺĪѰѣھٱĪѰѳŭɰүճǰȥƽѣŵƽϢ
Ҫǣ׿ҢãϺĸص̣ƽ󣬻׷Σ׿Ңǰ飬ǿ˶μҵϮ
׿룬Ϊ£״˻ϵۣҲΪĳЩ˵жд̡
ҲΪһֱۣӵ˰ϽսңҲ׿ҵĳû
һ׮׮һηνģҪ
˼䣬ֺһǰһĽůﻹһۡ
С㣬쿴ѽϲÿ
׿ջ˼ǣüһЦϲʹȥ
չϲ׿ǰȻ£ҿûǸС㿴·ߴ㣡
Ҳſ幤ǵһ²ɰɣүôôͰϲƳˣ
㶼֪϶үͿС£͸ˣ͵׳ɹ 
׿һһģԽԽԾ
ʲôү
ѾҲһ㶣գգ۾С㣬Ȼǰүˣķ
үճ㣡
׿һ´Ӵϱ˵ҪȢҵճ㣿
ֵͷ԰²СԼӦ
ˣ׿ֻ׺䶥³ˡ׵ĲӦôճճ㣿˲
ϸΨһǰĲͬѵˣǰһ£ѵԵһճ
ܣδ˵⵽⣬ճδҲ޹ϸ޶˶˵ʲôף
Уܽᡣ
׿æҴųȥ
ֻѾ˺ֽһƬϲ֮񣬼ͼЦףʺã׿ԼȴĻţҲ֪鵽һûа취ȡ
׿ֱ׿Ң鷿һţȻ
׿Ңͼһ֣̫ʦĺдЦ⣬һ׿ţæҫŸ
㿴̫ʦ֣ǼƷ
׿˸ˣ֪ôˣҲܾȥ
˵
׿Ңźӿˣ˿ûע⵽׿첻ɫ
С̽ף𣿡
׿Ңɫһ˵ʲô
ҡҲˡ
׿ҢһŭĴ㵱ǶϷ𣡡
׿Ҳ֪Լϥһ䣬ΪⲻǶϷŮܺס
㻹ˣǲ׿ڴӦģڲ˵ڣҲˣϲҲˣƸ׿ˣʱڣ
׿챻ֱͷӲҵʱأͷһξʹӦˣѹҺǰүʡ
ôʣ׿Ң˿̵ճ׿ҢŮսʿѪǰүСС;ͷ˳ҽҲսһһɱģƾһ㣬䣡
ҲܣҲܼ޸
޸˭׿Ң̲ס
޸⻰Ƕϲ˵ģ²ǻᱻ򡣵ȻӲ·߲ͨҲֻܻˡ
׿һѱס׿ҢĴȣίίĳҺүûһϲô죿ֲǲ֪ŮӣҪǼ޹ȥðǺַ죿ʱĲ𣿡
йȻ׿ҢãɫЩ˵㻹֪Ϊ㶪ҸҪˣҲڳлˣ
׿ϵⶼɿڣƲ죺治ң
æҿɰﲻˣٻʼҵĻ飬ҪԴģ
Ƣ洫ģ׿һĵĲϰҲ
У㲻˵ԼȥҰү˵֮޸ģ

 3 

ҹ
׿첻˼Ҫճ˵һҲȲá֣׿ƾһǰ䣬ҵ˺
ǰճĽ֮٣ϾбǻүΨһӡļ涼ڻҼϡǻϾ˵λܵܣ˵˼ȣ˼ȫǲòԶڵģɱ¾̫أΪһۡ
׿ߵǰţƬ̣ſһ죬ʣţ
Զˣ׿֮ҪҪү
˴һ׿죬ˣҶʶȴδﻹذɣ¡ѩһ⣬ȫ
˵žҪţ׿ֵ̧סɫүյĻ£ɵ𣡡
˹ȥֳ£ĵ𡣹ﻹĪҪ˺ϲ֮գҲﶯ֣ʶȤЩ뿪ɡ˵꣬صһˡ
׿˱Ÿִ˼֣Ȼ㲻ţҾͷǽ
Ƶ棬̧ͷ۸ǽһȥСϰ䣬츳ʮ׿Ңϼʮж·磬̶ֳȵǽԣ㲻ϰ
첽ӷ߹ĸ뽫̫࣬˿ҲѾƸ߹ңһƬϲ֮м᷿ŵơ׿Сĵվߴ۲ţ²һճԷ
Ѱţظо¼Ϯֱš
׿æһͷ˹ȥɽµƬһһģˤȥ

ŽгۿžҪˤڵϣֻһһֻסҲһյȽס
׿ʶıսۣŵһײһ
ҪſڽԼǴ̿ͣһ纮̶ڶ
֡
ŭдŵǣЩ𱸣ﻹеϲ
׿æۣ˻ѳԶ
վһƳ׿첻ס
ճ㡣
ڷ׷ѩҹδӹڣ˫ָһɫɫɴӣѩĭϮķ˵ۡ
ʱճ㲻ʮͷǰЯǧӵΪ緢͡
ͷ񷣬̤˷Ŀǣü΢ա
ֱ׿񣬺˶䡣
ˣôǰ֮
ճ㣬һ࣬Ŀɫ֪ɱϣ飬ȴû뵽ʱĳҽ˵⡣
Ŀǧ档
׿첻εıܿһʱô˵
׿ιҹճȿ˿ڣһ죬׿̲ס˸
ԼϳˣҲŤȰ񣬡μ£Ů飬ǹҹղŵģŵĻҽ
Ц£Ʋ𻰰ɡ
ǡ
׿һΪѩáĿңڷŽű£˾
׿к£˵ɡ
׿һԼ׳۾ճ󲻴˼ſ˿ڣ¡ҡ˻顣
һճˡ
£ڲкδ˼ɴϸ˼үҲʶƢҲһŲ壬ȱ࣬ʵ䲻үݣɵ´ڲʤ֣̿үȫ
һʱ䣬ѩڼžеĺ׿ԼǷ˵ֱ̫ӣ
ȫ㣿룡
ն׿ʱĺһȣײ
үҺ޹ϸ𣬺ιץŲţ춼ŮֲǷһǿѣҪԼҵѹ𣿡
ճЦڲԵӣһû䡣
ǡ
үݣѹΣ
׿ͷô˺
Ҳϲ㣡Ͳһүܽס衣
Ȼɫˣһ˫ȾϺ˪ϲ˭
ϲ˭˭ϲҪ˵˭гһЩ˵ġ
ճΪСŮҵӣȻסһʱ侹
ȻʲôãΪȨҪ
ճü׿ѳɶԡ
׿ԴǾҲ֪޻֮ͷǺãò׼һȴ޴ˡ
д棬ʳڣүιʶҪȢң
ճ㱡һ䣬˫ۺ飬ʲôһ㡣
ιʣ
Ȼ˼㣬㣬㣬ҹҹѳ缲
ٻһΣ׿ҲܲסֱӵıףһʶĲ
͸ǹ׿ŭĿţٴȥҲûȤ
Լο˰ˣ޾ͼޣδҲȨ㳯ҰүοϺһҲйأҪ֪࣬ں׻ϵĻԼȥ
ǵһճ㸮Ȣһλģ˵黹ճҲһʱ𣬵λԼͽ𣿻ܽݣеòٷ㣬ױڹҪڵöࡣ
׿ҲǾĸԣһͨѩãһ̶ȥˡ
δת㱻ס
ճúһ׺멣߽ϡ
ǿվߣü۸һҩƮŵЩ룬Ϣ
׵ճһУ׿ȥ
ܾǽеĻѾ˵·
׿첻ѣ첽ϣԺʱ䲻ػͷһۣճվѩ֮У֥Ƴᶣķ˼
׿Ҳ̲ס룬ǰճ㾿кνֱҲʲôû
ճĿԺһ̾
»ǰҹȴҪڻ顣
ЦһɬС
һɼһߡ
ʱ춼ǴӼ౨Զ󽫾׿Ң״ͨѹıй˵ʮ߸ն׿һһʮڣѰã
ʣأ
ŵ˲ΡΡ˵ްˡ
ģճһͷѪ˳ʹ˱۾
ʱλꡣ
϶ֲܲϲ
һҲȥ׵ģ׿һֱţ߶ţ͵źʱˣԼȥ
ûȵ׿ϵʥּ͵ˣٱϽϺƴѳȥ
һȥ¡
ʱѾĻɩ
أճ㸧˸մϲǹҫ۵Ļȣоᡣ
һҪһĽ֡

 4 

գʱѵ
ں쳣æңż⻷ϲϲһѶ׿컳
ѾΪͷ˽鴮ͤͤԽ󷽶ׯˣزۿһ죬Ĩ
һʱûųֻǹˣ̧˽ȥиҲһƬ£ֻԷڵ˼յ칬ƣһϲ
Уֱ㱡
أҲѹദձҪˣǵָ͹
³ݣƤĶգգۣʲô⻹ûء
Цֵ˵׿ͷѽСԣڼˣҪúԼӣ˵Ǻϵ򵥣Ҳ̫ҪѧųС
֪ˣ
׿ӣȻǿһԸԵģմϻҵıߣ̤ܽʵ
ԺⲻҪ빬̫ʺ밲ҪѧŻ㣬пɲ棬ôʮֵľ
׿ص֣һİɣӦ
֪Щ˵
׿ǿЦЦһСĵģֲֻͺ󹬵裬˲ҵġ
ﲻ֪Щ˵ʱҲСģ˲õˣΪ빬иáֱºͻȻСŶĿ¡
ؼӽˣĽ
һؽţѸͷ
СŴݼѸͷݵϡգĸ׿ͷϣ˻ĵԲԼƿ
׿һһӦ£ıˣţֲ֪ʱܾԲ֮ˡ
ʱѵ
ؽ׿ֽϲţǣ߳˺á˺ñǻ԰ʱ԰Ѿվˣ׿俴Ҳ˲ڶ
˵׿Ҹõģ˵ƷòģҲףúϵġ֮պܺã˶Цš
ֻأ΢΢ĳǱ׿ˡ
˻԰ã׿Ң綼á޲ҫ׿Ң˸Ů׿ҢҲǵ벻Ტ棬ϵıḻ
ݹĸֳϲһ˷׿һǰš
绤׿Ңرֹãˡ
ò·ܰǰü׿컹һѹȸ
ֻһƽȺ˽ս¬
¬ڸǰͣ£ϷһˣԶ
Χ޲ڳλүӢ
׿ݸһЦճȷòڣҹѩвִһ㾪ȣǽϸһΪɫ
˼ʱѾߵǰ׿ͷӸͷһ˫˿ѥоϵĺһ٣֪ճ㳶һȥ
δߣǴյ˵˾䣺СŽס
·С߹Σʯвݶһ
Цлүѡ
ڳ˽׿ϲŲ˽Σճ
ǰں
ٴָֻ
׿æ˸ͷĳ˽Ӵһǣһ۽
ϵĸϹһҶԶҶ׹Ŵ컨УվˣһᣬһĿ͡
׿ӣһᣬ˼ģһҪҪ׿ȫ
ӭ׶ô˰̣˺
һٸΣ
׿˵أ±˽Ρ
ҹĲֻʴ벻ͬ鵹ƽ࣬ŲӸճһ˼ԺԴһպϽ·ôȰճһȥ
ǸоĲɣճִչ˵СŽס
׿ع񣬲ԾľʹȤô⺮ż̫ߣඣ
ճĪЦҲ֪ôϲ׿ֱԵӡ
ģżٸߣҲĹ
˵գ׿ֻһᣬ˱㱻
˽һһԼŽеүⲻ
ճ̧ȾߣüۺЦҵɡ
һʱΣ֪Ǻá
ʱȺһӻһЦϰѩԭﳤжûôأȥɡ
һЦҲپ᣺ү˵ǡ
׿쾶ֱãΧǺЦһʱҲ֪գճҲ̫ˡ
ǰһһԽԽƢ
⾿Ǹˣ
ţٷ˻ּ
Թ
ˣʵگԻԶ󽫾׿Ң֮Ů׿죬󷽡غƷòڣ뺮ճ㿰죬Ϊɼ֮ؽ׿ںΪһǣٰͬ죬մˡ
лʥ
׿аЦһӹּһ˹ڶ˾ƣ޸ճ㡣ȻʥΥ
Щٵݣ
קһ£׿Żعִٹ£
ںЩް壬һ˵һжôѣҲֻԼˡ
һճŸͷ˾þó񣬻һΡ
ӳһۣһԸճ档
ɣ붴
׿챻ŽԺһһԵһ
мǣͷֻܵүơҪǶˣүѾԸЩҲֻڸͷԣơ
׿ͷӦ£ȻոڽѾƹˡ
ӽ׿ͽСյߣ˵Щ֮¡ЩһѾҲֻǴ˿ֳŮ̫̹֮Ȼ˾ḡ
͵˵䣬׿ߵơ
ԵǺߣȻһЦغߣ֮»֮ҲعڽţȸͷһƣһȻͶˡ
׿Ц֪ˡ
ߺϲֻʣһ׿ϵĳ˸ͷһԣԹ˵Ĵ𻷾
ӦþճƽʱסǽϹżֻӡ
ֵǺһǷзǡֻ̫Ӳ壬û¶ȡ
׿鰸ϵһδɻǱѩԭľɫƬףֻ򵥹ռʣɽѩԭһ޼ʣԶ
һڻϵ鷿Ҳôһδӡݲһƥ۵ʱ˵ܻˣĸǺεȵļį
ٿʱȻһݵ𣬡үֵֶ
׿һæ˻ȥѸͷ´ãɼˡ

 5 

߰˰˵ĽŲһֱӵſڲͣ¡
үǿӰɣ
ǣҪӣ
ӣӣ
ģճһͬĽʿǡ
ǰҲţȻճֶκûз²ܴԼ£ȴǼ̵ֻġ
˷׿룬ⲻҪһˡ
ûһȥǸճˡ
׿Ÿͷֻ֨ѽһƿһ˳ȵĽŲ߽վδ
׿ǰһƬ죬Ҳ֪ô͵үƸͷˡ
˵꣬;һ˳Ƶһ
Ȼı飬׿컹ǸоˣԼϵ΢΢
̲סֽү
ǰһͷɣһſȻŴԼǰ
׿һʶľˣִ˿Լڴϣ·ˡ
ճ磬žĺ籡ϡ
һ˫īֱֱͫĶԡ
һԲ촽΢΢ţǧȴ֪˵
˾Ƭ̣˭Ҳû㡣
ͻȻճ㹴Ц£㵹ջͷ׿Ķǰ
Цֱ˿̣ҲֵΡ
ûɵһ䣬׿һӻ
˿벻ǰճʲôԵеĳղ˭һ
δףճѾ»ָģղŵ飬ֻһ
ķſվ˼һϲĵ˸ÿѩ֮˲ͬ˿̵ճ㣬ңڻâս׿
ûгЩ
ͷ
ŵˣ
ҡҡͷ
ճ㿴ȥ鲻ߵ¡
׿ʶľΪ裬Ҫ˵⻹ǰ깬µĺۼǰŻɫӣԺ²Ҫүɫˡ
ճӹӿһۣɫ㲻Сί˺⺮˵㣬αΡ
׿쵭һЦװɵ檲ίү˼
ճһڲ裬۾ƵĿ˿ڡ
¶ʮһ꣬꣬׿ѧã˵ӣ㲻һѻ˼ҵĺüëӴ춼ڵѧûһġ
¶ʮ̫꣬ʦ磬жȥ̫ʦСӴ֣߽˳һ
¶ʮ꣬Ůװ仨ҹУ࣬ժ˻ɼСŮԸңǹϣǹ춼ǵ㣬Ϊ㻼˼ֱȥſϼˡ
׿亹ֱðЩô֪ģ
ʱȷŸ׵ЩʱЩǺ˼
¶ʮߡ
ү׿ѾЦ⣺ʱȷЩϾѹȥ֪үʲô
ճַ²룬ڱЩأҲؼȢ㣬ȻǿһŮӲͬ
ү˼
⺮ɵԴĪίԼ
Ҳ˵Щ飬Զڱճô֪ģҪѧؿɫһ㣬׿⾪
һСĽ˲ٿ
һճ㣬ȴ飬Լָ»һҹԼͺá
Ȼ׽ˣ֪Ҫȼ޽ڶ٣
Ȼ˵ˣ׿ҲͲšˣԹԱߣֵһԼ
ðɣȻүǰô˽⣬ȷʵҲûҪװµӡ
ճ㵭һЦͺܺá
׿û˽䱸Ҳ˲٣үƷԵȷ˲ͬ˶ϲģүȴϲԳġ
ڿ䱾
۹á
˾ôһֱϹš
׿ȣһ֧ϣĿתĶճ㿴
ϵر˵һͨҲģ֮С
׿ôû뵽ɱ˲Ѫı룬ȻǸ֡
ôһȴһ߶ûз֣
ˣ˼
Ÿڵĸƽ¡Ѿˡ
ճдЦĻؿˣЪϢˡ
׼浽ʱ׿컹ǲ졣
ɵĿ£ǳźү¡
£׿΢ͷָΡΡճ
ָһ߬ס
׿һѾɤۣŵ˵
ճһڻֱļ磬һһСİš
ͳɤֻ߲ࣺǳԸҲǿ󡣡
˻ס׿ͷǰ̲ס룬Ը
ҲûʲôԸԸģЩ·ĸˡǼѳɻ飬ЩҲҪģȻû·ȫϲΪδ·¡
ţ׿ָճ˵ҽսУôʱ򷴵ġ
˹Ȼһ٣ս˼֡
һɣЦȴΪ̣㵱Ը⣿
׿첻˵ֱӳճʾش
ճһ𣬺˼֡˺ᱧ𣬼ߵϲԣ˷ȥ
ճ㿴Ŵɫ΢ˣȴͻһ˿ɬ
һҲϵ
һҲüĿЦ
ճ㲻ЦԼŬЩʵͷϳԺȥ
ǰˣԼ
ǰֶȥˣһġ
ڣӵ
ǰ£ůһҹ
׿˯ȥճȴߵ˳
ǵľ룬Ӻ󹬵ǰŽɽ𢣬̳ס
ǵľ룬ŵֻһƬϣȴ⡣
¶ľֺûϲֵ塣
룬ǿġ
ֻҪڣѾùһٸ¡
ֻҪڣҹţȱ䣬Ĳң³
գ׿ֱʱѡ
ֺѾã׷״Ȥˣ˯ô㣬ʲôΰ
׿һۣľȻЩԺô⣿
ַ·ү˰ǽġ
裬үãһ͵ڸţʱһ۾ܿǣڽһ
׿ٵϴְͷõСˡ
ϣ׿컹ûճˣʣүأ
ֻ˵ճ㱻ٽˣû
׿ţ²ϽϢˡ
⻹֪ճܴܲȥأϾΪŮ죬ȥϽսеѡ
һĥ취֣ڵݲؽȥҴЩ
Ҫʲô
׿յߣߴߴ˵һͨ
ɫԽԽ֣ɻҪЩʲôϴץ²Ƕˣ
Ǿȥɣá
׿ߵԺӽˣһȭš
ãλСɾ࣬سĺӣ

 6 

ճֱŹ飬ʱ׿ѽ׼׵һ˸ǰ׿ӭ˳ȥ
ү
ЦʱճһůȻǣ֣ʱѵģ
ʱѣֺһٳЦ
ƵĻشճȴһЦȥҸûĸ׾죬Ҳ밲ʱѶ޷ڡ
׿ͷӦţѯʽ֮ү빬ʲô£
ȥЦ⣬Ͻб䣬ȥƽ
ʱߣ
ߡ
һϽϢ֮󣬳͢˽ղžֱӵϽȫݣһճ׼ǰŹĺȡʱ䣬ٵ顣
׿˼Լ׼ֱӵүɷƬ̣
ճֻʲôҪ͵ͷԭصš
׿æһᣬһĿ˳
׿ڣüۣʩ죬ʡ
ĸһϮ͸ٷ磬ִһȣһ۽ǵǿɰ룬ճ㻹Ͳϲ
׿ߵǰֺ̬һգж񣬡࣬μү
ճ㻹ǵһοװ磬һʱԭأɫ𾪣⸱ʲô
׿üһȻүȥϽлľ游Ӿ׿ɺã

ĸһըճϲ˲ڽѪҺÿһ˿ģճ㻹ǿ򶨣δ¶
ʱдӸҴҽߵճߵүѾ׼ˡ
ճ㿴׿죬ţ˴Ͻ֮еΣգҲ޷οܹǸ̫ǱּҪ׿빬ⲻֳʲô¶ˣȥס
׿쿴ɫֱ䣬ΪףүҸȥɣҹ򲻲ģδؾ׸
бһӦ˺һϳⲻ
үǡ
Ȼ⣬ճһתУͬȥ·϶ţʲôأ֪
ͬˣ׿һһϲɫæԼʰõңճ
ΪзⶣĪҪڽʿǰ͸¶ݣүֻүͺãࡣϧǸľͷԴвڣֻǴӦǰ¶ݣ˽ﻹҪġ
ǳ౱͵ĶӣСճһ𳤴ΪͣʵϾֵһ㡣ŨüۣҲһֻ֮ǹݣ˾ò̫аȫУʵе书ɲ⣬ԲŻһֱΪճߡ
Ӫһ·жڽܾе׿һϸļţһСš
ãӾʵ䣬һֻؾͨȹ̹ϵ
ȻĵҲкҪĹϵѷ³ͻ
Ľ紦ǰ׸ߵĶ£ĵطҲмʮ׵һˮ˳£ͨΣΣֻһʯ·̵ͨ⣬һһˡ
˴ս£κսͻϮϽ
Ҳ֪ν¡
׿ϣճôһ˵Լֹ
֪ν£ȴ֪
˵ҲһԵ
ͨʾϺĪѰеܺߡ
ʮ꣬СŮףӭȢǵʱϽϺĪѰ
£ĪѰԸ⣬Ϊ˹ңֲòЭ
ǶĪѰһ֪̣׿ĸصã˱⣬ֻӭȢˣȴôһˡ
ǺףֲܽΪ檣ֻί̡
ǽ֮ӣҲ֪˶ǲģ䲻ϲĪѰĸĪѰǰ̣ܲ޲Թ
λ֮󣬱֣֮ͬҪĪѰԲ˾ٱϽôһ˵
ҲֻϽһս󣬹ڸ˽İ汾еĶԹ𾿾Σֻеˡ
һսܿΪ˰ٴι裬µķʣҰ¶˳νĶĪѰѣֻǸӣ
׿ԽľԼ֮٣ϽҪȥУ
˼ʱճһѾ춼Ӫ
ճ㻻ףͷϽںп衣
һѽơս¬ˬӢˣҺ顣
λңҲװݡ
һʱ䣬ʿձУŶϽ־ڱصõ顣
춼¥ϣսףֱġ
ʿжʱȼһѳԭ֮ơ
Ž̻֮춼Ͽա
ǽĶѪҺмǧˣҲҷֺ
׿̲סͷң֮ϣһʺҾ죬ӭչ
ٿҾʿһѪڣȻη塣
ٸߺ
ճнǹȻǰһ̡
ս޲ʤ
ս޲ʤ
ս޲ʤ
Хء
սʿ֮ɵ
׿һȣӵĳ൨ģ֮ң
ˣĽʿˣǰճ㣬ˡ
ǸоĿ⣬һװճ͵ػعͷһۡ
ü浶Ŀ׵磬ɢѪɱ¾ʣ߳ɲһ㡣
ʱǰӡǸˡ
ɱճ㡣
Ŀᣬճ֮ɫ㱻ȥ֡
һգһ˦ӭ硣
¬һԾ˳ȥ
ڽʿ׿Ҳ
ոյճ㣬ԾĻһЦ
һ˸ˡ
оҹҾԭӪϢ
Χճ㣬ľ̽һ׿һԿţճڣΪ˼̫Щˡ
ҲоճĲɣ߶Ƭ̣԰ݱȥ
׿˱Ʒϣүˣ
ճһ㶣ע⵽еˣһЦûУֻһЩ顣
˵Ͻʮǣѱռĳǡ
ʱǾϺصٰǣİٶٶоҲҪܵ
ճǣҪҪһѣǧͻϮ
һҾϽʱѾɱʮǣȴϽʮƽս£ͻȻѣפţһϺնڽ£޴֮ʿͦ
ʱݺȴδɴռ죬ڳɱӣһ˼ľ
ȳҾһ㿪ʼˣճ׷£ɱǧʿϽܵĴˣԵ΢ˡ
ԣʱճΣ󲢷һսƺֻ뼤ŭǡ
ǴϽһսϽΨһһ̵ͨţ˺İϽ䷢չһ裬ȴ̡
ֱǰ
ˣճ˼ҪҪһѣս⣬ǧӱޣǰոϵҲϽʹࡣ
ԥţ˴ޣȻ֮ˣһεɫһͷ𺣶࣬һ룬һŭ˽
ճһüӪУԸüľˡ

 7 

ǸΪŹֵҽ
ڵľҽ˵ǳ౱ؽΪճġ
˵ҽ˵ģֻƢŹ֣ҽ׼
֢ҽȱҽԵ֮˲ҽ
׿ûǰһߣš֪ճʲôȻҪҽϣ
ҩһţԴȵ
ճ΢΢üȻ󲻻ŲæİѰϵľպã۶δ̧ղźȹôҪȣ
һһԣ˵ҩ룬յҩֻ˰룬˰룬Ϊû
գ
Ǵ֮գ׿ô֪ʱҩ
ճɫģǽٺȰ룬ף
Ƶǰҡҡͷף˵ٶ඼ûãҩȫȹ⣬ҪҾȥүǰһ״ǽܵܲá
ճüͷһȤÿ̸ˣͰϺү
ҩ룬һΣںںĶ̲Ȼͷ
׿ԶԶͼ𣬶̼¼кǽҩǶҩźȹҩճҪûȹģɫҪҰ׼֣Ҫݾ֡
ףЦЦͶˣҩ࣬
ճĨĨǣҽͲðҩ࡭
׿һסЦ⣬˭ŷɥĳҽʵһ³Կҩأ
׼ߣһ׿죬´ۣ˵Ǹࣿ
׿ͷӦǡ
˿üһãԺҩ¾ͽˣǵˣʣ
ң׿һʱãȻֻһԿֵģô͵ô£ճ㣬ҲЦЦ
ӦԸÿȡһҩȫݣÿҩҪףǱҷ˲С
׿쿴Ǽ飬ЦҲֻΨΨŵŵӦϾڵݱ΢ܹ¶ڡ
ǣˡ
һߣ׿㿿˹ίүе˿ɶôҲŵһҪСˡ
ճ֪ڴȤЦЦֻҩɱˣŻġ
׿ȻĵģǷᶪǶĲЩ棬еʣ˵үоɼ
ճ㲢ڵĵͷѪ֢֮
Ѫƣ׿£δ
ճЦȥԶĬ̾һѪ֢֮ѪҺ̣֮ʱѪģ˼ֻɱ¾ƽϢ
׿ţҲ죬侹ֲ֢˴˵ҽǸɱ˲գ۵ĹһҲ˹Щ˿̶ԵɣñǸ
ǴСܾĥԵ޹ʱѪأ
׿򴽣˼֣үܿˡ
һЩɬ֪֮󣬱㱻ޣ
ȷжţ˵ү֮ʱѩʦүдɷֻ
˿ɬһЦɫʱ籱µǳѩһף䣺ֹˣʱ˫ĿͫںѪҽĸұˣȻʸ֣ڹ
׿΢΢һĻ̵ƸΪȻʣֳԼΪǼ޵ġ
Ц˵ĸǰƴңȻʻֱӽǣʹ죬˱ӱ㽫͵˱常ĴѰҽҩҲûбĽա
δһֱңֻѽ׿ϧ
֪ճڱսг౱ϸıеգǲ
ճʮʱѾսո¶ͷǣΪ豱ì
ʮʱʰǧͻϮҴӪһն˱Ҵͷ­һٻ˱ҴĹʽ˱Σ
ȻҪضͣȥҲ֪Ƿ࣬ٷҽͷźʾ£Ȼֱ㡲춼ǣûټһ档
¶ʮ꣬ͻȻţ̫ӣһš
ǵһ˳λ̳ˣĻѶԻλ񣬹ᰲϴ󽫾Ȩıۣǧһ֮ʣճʰҾǧﱼϮɱ춼Уϵǻ
ʱ˽ΪճҲλģҲ롣
ͻɱ⼰൳˿δɣϹسƳ
ʣΪΣ
ճ㵭Ц常˵ĸоŷ
ԽɽްȤֻҪ/ǹȾѪ޻ˡ
׿촹Ŀ̾ճ㣬ǰӲġ
Ժ֪ˣڵȴΪ죬ľ
ǧﱼϮһǹɨѳϹᱻɱģ
أյüȴΪβ⽭ɽıУ
׿ٸѹ֮󣬵һǿҵ׶֮С
ΪҲΪԼ
밲ο־Լ̫
Щ࣬ճԼģЩѣճԼġ
һĶ࣬˿Ҳ˵ǸͬܵĻְ˼֡
ճ۳ɫ˱䣬ճĬΪˣָ̧˸˵ͷģ֢ҩҽֻǿЩз˺ҩҲˡ
ô鶺Ц׿ǼһᣬŬӵЦݣҲ޷Ժаһԣ
⣬ֻ仰һڣճ㶯顣
һ§ڻ
૳࣬ҵĺðࡣ
׿ʱһˮ䲻֪ճ㾿㸲˶ȴǼΪжġ
ĳϵˣֵñúöԴ
ûа飬ҲҪӵı֡
׿ȥ֡һ㱻ֱ¶ŵүô̫ˣ
м֮Ĵճ¶ȶġѪΪôͣ
ճ㵭һЦſˣĬĬЩ룬ǿҩ֮ˣԺѹȣЩҲȻ䣬СѩԭҲжѰ
᲻Ѱ׿쿴ɫף촽Ѫʹ˵Ҳ
Ϊүһưɡ
á
ȻҲ֪һƣı䲻ʲôٺȵܻϼ֡
һҹǺ¶˯
׿ңϽս¡
ճϸţ˴¶ȣжôʵ
ڶһ磬ճ
Ҫģǧٰǣཫʿԭƻо֧Ԯ׿С
ӱޣգڵĳʱǿٰǵĳš
ǳϲһ죬ڷлζĸۡ
ʮʿڳŰأɢɢ
ճ룬Ӯˡ
аף㿴¥ģһ˼ϵŵڰգһˡˮݰζϴѲƲɢҵĴϿԡ
ȻѾû׿컹һ۱˳ĪѰ

 8 

ʬɶ
ճŷ¬ֱȥս˻
ⳡȻһѿһΣڱߣĲݴŭա
ճҧ·ģһҪʬΣ
£һ̤Ծнǹһ˦˲
ĪѰʬ׹أûκγɵľȥ
ճһǹڳǽϣһԾһ㣬ס˿еĶĪѰȵ˵ء
ճ㽫˷˵ϣ׿Ҳ˹æ׹һԣʱ޾ı⡣
ĪѰ˫۵ţĿϱǧٿףѪȾ˿ףѾɺԡ
ϵʿ˶һӻţ׷Ӵܡ
ճĿɨһȦһнǹ͵һֱѪ
зǽпٵĿʿǱһսΣû˶־ֻĴܣ޻ֻ֮òҽһṦһ˱
ճΪĪѰȥϵѪۣĺۣүߺá
׿Ĭ̾һҽѹ£һҾ죬̤˳ǽ
Ӵ˴ڿ׿첻Ϣ
Ŀ֮ʬأѪɺӣԼ㣬ǧߣǳǳأս
иݶ౻٣Ƭʯֶǣԭмңѵ·ɢǸþһһ
ɾ˿ǸҹٰǣȻ췭ظ
һڹжϽһ۲ҲЩ˵Ͻʮǣ˲أȴҲ˳
ңڣ·𿴵ǰﻹһƬپСؽֶŸմĶСƣ̷ߺȣƹƮ㣬Ϸ¥֣Сˣ
ͻȻһתڣֳֳ޴ȺһͨҿΪ˴̶Ŀ޺
Сľ̳ڵأˮΪһ̲յĨ˲ӣţʱѪ֡
׿޵Խյ˸¸졣
ִγһݺݵȥ
ǡһӦ䣬ͬЩĲҽһӳ׹ȥ
׿콫ϵĳҾ죬²˳ŵߵ㡣
ѪģƮҡ·Ͻ޷ⶼǶ˽ȥÿ
׿ȱʹٰ֪пɻлˣ
վţҲǳ̾һУҲҳˡ
ճһǹʿǹ
ֻʿ˫ŵһֻŸ룬Ҫŷţ㱻ճһ
ǹ׿һأǹճ㣬үˡ
ʱѾĪѰʬ崦õճջؽǹȻȻһӣŭȣţǣ
ǧţճʱƵٰǵİա
ڣȴɲʿС󺰳ҾţҴճһ
СʱҲ˿
׿쿴ͷһΪ˵ļ
üô죿
׿쿴һۺüŭĿճ㣬ʾүа취һԣ
ճ㿴ͷ
õ׿ͷֱոյĳš
սģÿǳضԼĳ֣պЩġ
̤ϳţֱߵսǰչ鳣ģŽ࣬һһ£ٰǡ
ʱǳӭսǿ顣
ϽѶʮսˣ֪ɻ˼ǵ׹׿ҲȴǷš
ǹڸ߶ڳеİգԮˣ
ҾŹ󣬽פ㿴ȥ
ǳһ࣬ս֮ǰһĨɫĿӰļ֮
䷭ɣ˵ҲȾĿ㣬ɴ࣬ÿһ죬ǻ˵ķźƲɹĵ㣬˶ʤĿıϡ
ճҲĿתĿţֹסĸп
͸ðڿҰȴƫƫڸ߸
ãһԸ׷
ڶ飬̽ͷ
׿һϲϸ˼ֹ֣һ㣬½һЩƿ⿴
ֵĳҾ죬ЩʹĥİţɱѾȥˡ
Ԯˣ
ǳҾǳҾǳҾˣ
һźŵĽ˲䱻ȼ
űջҴգ׷״ܳʮٰ֣˲ء
ףԸΰݣߺųҾ֡
һһ캳ء
׿ڳǽ֮ϣӿȺһȣȻʮս£ɼʤ
һЦ˹ģ³ǽϻء
ʱճѽһصİշս顣
ү׿ߵߣĵ̫࣬ʬ뾡촦֡
ճͷոҲ£һΪ춼ﶯˣϽսƽͻ顣һñݡ
ճԸ˵࣬кپ㣬ٰ
׿Ҳ֪Σ²δᣬֱ
ճյλֳӣÿپڽ֮ǰѱݵĳǳأսˡ˷ɸ봫ڴ󲿶ӣ֮ǰϽڡ
һж꣬׿ŵȥʣүأ
֮ǰճӵµľ˵ͻǣǰԤƽܵĺҶȡ
ҪǧȸҶȣһټ
׿һĶһ򾫱
޷ճѾҶȵƸӣʺϷȻѡ·׷Ź
ǡ׿컹˵᲻Ǹ壬һһճҲǿƽϽңزʲô£Ҳ˺Ļ
ճ㿴ֹӣЦ£صģҹϮҶȣֻǣͻ
׿⻰İοҲͰ㡣
вνճ㣬óˡ
ճ´ϽֹеĿ׿һۡ
˵µģһ
˵գӱ޼ɳ۶ȥ
׿ĿǧҾ˳ǣҲϿջ˼µ
ٰڣĿ֮꣬
̾һ죬̫ˡ
ǰ׿һЦЦܻġ
ж䣬ܻȥ¸жԶܻᵽ
ٰΣûʱȥˣ׿нپһ𣬽һ
ȷֳʮˣǼǳиԱٷֳʮˣͳƴ˴ٰڵĲƲʧʮˣ𰲸ԹȻҪˣ𰲶ٳʬ壬Ϊ˷ֹֺߣ׿ڳѡһʬͳһʣһˣʮΪһ飬ڳиѲߣԷʣʮˣһЩʱ
齻꣬׿һһ㶼ڳźõķչ
дĪѰʬ̧˹࣬үʬ
׿ɫ˱䣬ǵ˸С
Ϻ򡢳౱Զ󽫾ǸȻʴµ֮ʿɽȴꡣ
׿콫ڶĪѰϵս££סȥϺ򸮡

 9 

Ϻλٰ׿һ̧ŶĪѰʬ·Ϻ򸮡
⸮ѱʿȫ̤ˣŸ߹ҵϣҲ˰ӣǰʯʨӣҲûƽյϡ
ǵһʱ游ʱϺ£˿ȴȳò϶١
׿̤˴ʯףŸһأһС
ҪɱңҪɱң˾֡
׿׷ſȥֻһŶɫɴȹŮӣȥʮĵӣͶʯʨӵĺ棬һţֽͷʧĽţȻѾ֮ǰŻˡ
׿̽ĽһҪעǴҾ˺㣬̧ͷң
ŮѾȫʧȥǣԹԵĺţû˵ʲô
׿ǰȥһסļ磬ʹԼӣǲǴҾģ
Ů˷ӦͰ۾һ£̧ͷۣȾңȾҡ
׿ɫ֣̿ҲüĿ㣬δȫǸɫӣɲѰ˼ҵŮæ˳˳²£û˺ˡ
ǹЩȥϵᣬһ˫¹ۻǾŵתϡˣ
ģѾûˡ׿쾡ο˳ѯʣ֪﷼Ϊζڴ˴Ϻʲôϵ𣿡
׿һָţ˰λŮһ۾Ϳ˺汻̧ŵĶĪѰһֱۣ˱ȸղٱĿ޺

ŮӲ׿죬˹˹ȥקŶĪѰѾĸ첲ݾҡţۿŰ㿴Űߣô찡
׿˿̲ŻȻλǶĪѰΨһŮšһţЦԼͿôôҪ¸ˣ
ſɲһˣһճ㸮ΨһĲ˿ǱҴ̵ྴٰüһԼżء
׿һЦԺλҪһˣﵭЦһ˼񣬡ԭſҾȼ٣뿤𷣣
ǶȻʮģҲ壬ѵľҲ׶
˿Ѿ޵һ࣬ץŶĪѰ½ǣ˫糺졣׿ôһ˵ǿվҲһ
ĸ£˵𷣣лǴ
ۿҪ׿һסʹʹãҲʲôֻǽߵĽѾȥˣǵȥлɡ
˵ҲգٿĪѰеӿ˷Ҵ轮ɱҰգΪսȴֻսʬһ餶ûС
׿˿Ҳֻ꣬һ־֣ҲǰˣôҲ׷ɱѵѾɥĲԼŮҪϾɱĵزžʳ˿ڡ
Ŷʱɫһףǧ﹣ں컹˵
׿쿴һҲףӰˣ˿ٶҲ壬ǸϽϺʬϢΪϡ
˽ʬ̧ȥ˶Ψȴվⲻ
Ϊβ
ĿŵƲͷȥǺ⸮ڳʲôµĶƵġ
׿ֽһģڣκ㣡
ۿһ˫մȾᣬ׿ǶΪһճȢȳ˵ľˣҲ̲Ҫϼ֡
׿һϮǰɫͣһָֻһֻ¡
ŶֱֱۣĿһϽŵһң˵ļᶨĿϸָǣ˹ȥ䲻ôǿ׳ߴ󣬵ȴ
ס׿֣ˮ֮ץסһľѵõ;ſ
׿쵭һЦ˸С
ԺδãһȴŮ
δ䣬׿쿴һѷ潣ɺõķ򣬷ɴ˹
ŸʶľͶ㵽׿߬½ǣֹסĲ
ǽɹм䴩ãδ׿۵ף㱻
ó˦˹
׿Ķŵļʾûˣһÿȥ
ǺǰվһλТ꣬ͷТñĿŭߡĵϣһλ»Ůӡ
׿쿴ʮĵ֪ͣǶĪѰ̵ĶӣϺϵӣδͳϽСүڵϵӦþδĸ̡
ιҪɱţ׿м俴˿׹ǨŭˣɱĸǱ⺢һһ㿴ܲޣȫˣ޴йޣֻܱڶŵϣ
ôһ룬׿Խöſǳ󣬿ȴεľأսԺ󣬸ýϽԴ׿һĪһճҲ֮ģŽż˻ȥվ飿ճ㻹Ǹأ
仹ӹڵͣѾԳֿǸ̵ҲΪʲôϽ˵սУȻܱһҪԭ̫ĵϽֻҪͨһ
ֻľ÷չȴ˾ϵķ˴ϽĴ֮󣬱ֻвֻķݡȻ˾ϰ׸ߵĶ½ϽģȴûзҪŹҪԴ뷨
׿ĥͨһΣöʶϽ±ı׶ˣҲ׼սҲϽ̫Ҳ˽ˡ
Ȼ£ҲָܾһٵĶҪǴĻô룬ʱϣ̫ԶˣٶҲûá
£׿ѶŻֶǰ˽ӣȻ˽ĪѰʬ̧
һս¹ŵˣʱʧʹޣҲٹ˲öˡ
ڵϣ˵Ѫ۵ϣָŸ𲻿ףһһ磬Ƕμҵףǵõ˵δҪġ˺ۣЩÿһ֣ʱսжҡ

ԭ˵Ĳţ˿̱ʬǰҲɲˣ̣ķ޵ľˣὣҪߡ
׿Ҫȥģ
ʮд˷ŭνһӣҪɱȺˣ
׿ܲ˽ĵķ߿¾һǻŭܸıģòһˮˡֱԣӻȰٺúүʬ壬гҾȥɱ
ңҾͰһɱˣѱģ۳졣
׿̾˿ɫ࣬ѵ˱֮ʱȥⲻû⡣ֿ̧ٵһһգ˳Ʒסȥ

 10 

ֱӱιȥ׿ĶŲϿ찲ο䣬λСٳʲô¡űϾȶһ꣬Ҳס׿ôһѣҪϽ˺ˡ
ȥܵģϺ»мʮˣ඼ǸŶĪѰսˣһĪѰʬ׷ʹޣ¹ܼҵˣҲ׿˵ŴҰɥ
׿ǵһϽ·ִ٣Ӧֲʱճ㵽ʱѾ¹һ꣬ʬ嶼ָõļжǱߡ֮£ճ㽫ʬ嶼ͳһһᣬȻҲϺеĶĪѰ̡
һңֻܻΪһ̣Ƭػ˶ʮء
׿߽ã°ڣ򵽵ϣŶĪѰ̵ʬߵ
ڹϺΪңĺӣһѵǧУȴȻη壬ðݣ
˽Ϊĸδı棬׿Сĸ׳˵ΪһеĹ£ðݣ
ڱģ̼һϺܵ裬֪иĵػðݣ
һҪϺᣡ֮ˣġ
ݹ˶ĪѰ̣׿콫ͶҲֱ𰲶ٺãⳡʣǶҪúϢ׿컹Ը˰Ƿ£ﻹӲɱ¾Ӱ
æһУ׿ڸ濴ҹֳʱ˶ĪѰ鷿֪Ϊиֱֵ²Ǳô򵥣
׿ڶĪѰ鷿ţȻҵһңռһЩֻҲûʲôϡ棬һľһЩżϽطٵģҲиģһдĪѰţ
׿˼ȥǾһۣʱһô
Ͽ콫żպãȻĵ뿪һ·ϣ׿첻룬Ϊʲôһûб˷֣ԾҲûжأϺ֮󣬻û֣Ѹ£ϺĪѰкǰѿأ
һ·ţ˻ȣӭܹͷһֱͷ𺣶ࡣ
ⲻӥѵǺҶϢˣ
ȻһڶŵүϢˣ
׿æ˹չż֣Ʈݣǳճ֡
д࣬ǫѾ˺Ҷȣ뱸үٰǵ㣬仰үرԸҼϵģ֮´׵Ϻţ֮Ǳʤ
ǫճľʦ׿еӡһ£һ˫һۣһӵܵɣһ׿Ҳ˵һЩ˵ֻЩ˵ûһǹս˳ģЩ֮¡ճô궼˳˳ˮǫҲеϵ
׿ż㣬֮ʱҶȻûд糣ǼаգҲͷ
ţбʣҪ𣿡
׿ֹ˵ǸûصģʱȴԼּҪ˵Сãʫʸ踳ǹꪶֵѧŮ춼Ѳֻ鷨һ£Ҫ
εЦЦҪִʰɣͻءһ˳ڴ
пӵģΪʲôﻰү˵ֲ˼Լţдʲôдʲôǲῴġ
òã׿æ֣һ߶ߣһͻǰ˸־Уս³Խʱ䶫ģ
ۿ˾ҪԺˣں泶ɤӺ治ү˵ʲô𣿡
׿룬Щ˶ǸճˣҲûʲôҪĵģֻһ£е⣬ͻ˵үԹԳҩ
ֺǺȥ鷿ţ˿Ѿ϶׿ոյı飬Ļ˼˵ֽʣ
үУűϲȴүױʻţҪҴ⡣ѽٰڸ˴׵Ҫүģרս£ⶣүҪԹԳҩע壬ϽΣգж涾ǧСġ
Ŀһ飬ðѸո׿ı˸ţǳܽһ߾Ҳһˡ
һЦһ߰żӥϣû뵽ԼľͷԴҲпһ죡
Сףȥɡ˵ţŷ˺࣬ĿżʮĺҶȷȥ
ҶϽյһ֮ƣĵΣɽͷǶ£ֻɽͨһ׿С·ͨСûл̻ѡ·˵͢Ĺ̻Ǿӣֵ£˻ˣ޿ɱܣ޿ɶ㡣
ε֪ѡôһ·ʱճʮ־ȣһȻթһ룬޷ͨݾʡһ·̶๥ռһǳءûϵϽԮô͵ˡ
Ҿɽã͵˳֣ɱֲ
ǫͽĺҶȣͱͱߵ֪֪үСʲôͷҿүĹϵһ㰡
ֱŹȵףеǰȴⳤЩ飬ҿ볭ˡ
ǫԶɽճһۣ۾Ķɽ£˿
ִ˴С
˵ЦҪǱүְ֪أҿɱ㡣
ǫһȣŲæţ˾㲻ԲЪҲ֮ŵİġɽţҲĽƣҲͬ˵ͬ˭˵
һ̾ȥǴӺģ˵үʲôϵ
ǫھһѵүģ
˼Ŀ˿ӿ浽ôã
ûĵүʲôľүô꣬ʱޣ
ǫ룬ȷʵûУеûУŮĸûУɰȴедһޡأǫһ֣֪ˣ
̾һڿˣһ𾪵ĵԭүϲǰ࣡ȢǸӣ
εҡҡͷ۷죬µͷȥŹȵףҲͬ˵ˡ
ڰݣճбѷ֣ҲûʲôԵֻҩζΪУٵǴӰŵ֬ٽֵķȻ֪˭ˡ
ȻҲȫ֪Աһǫ۵Цȥ°ɡ
ǫ߻ûͷɽ´У̽ӻˣ
һֻɽ¡ಡһǫһԾβϰµսչͨһ飬üˣб䡣

 11 

̫Ѿȫ£ҶһƬţǰҾյµϢڽҶǰȻ˵һֳ֣ǧߺҶȣ󲿶·ȥǡ
ճһ˫īȥ·
үȥ˴·
һǰ׼Ͱ׷ˣͻϮҶ˳ҲǧˣаǧĴ󲿶ֱ޷ֱԿҪǣҪҪѡˣһɽϿɾͲٰȫˣӴ·ɽʱʲôǲ鱨ɽŰǿɾ·ˡ
ǫ˼µʽүǵó
ճüҲ֪עĻһҲûˣ
Ŀһ˴㣬 ˡͣ
׵Ĳνĩڣ
ǴѸɽ룬ظǰ浽ǣڳҲ̤ܽһ
ǣ
ǫæʣأ
ճһ˿һ˸ңͷݴǣ
Уɫ̫Σգ㲻⣡
һ䣬һӥХС׻ˣճļϣͷؿ
нŵվƣճԴƣЦ£С׽Ͻңֲ࣬ÿһ䶼ģķ紵ļȴů
ճ㽫䣬̧ǱۣһЦģһ᲻
үȰճһҭ˻ȥҲ֪ճ˵һսϡ
ǫԮӿоֱǣ
ǣ
£ܿճ㿴Ҿľˣֻʣǰ˻ɽۣǫŲһǿֻбɽķݡ
ճ˽ǰ׼ɽʯȫѵγʮɹ˶ܵСɽɽ±߰ϼɴе
Ѿȫҹ£д꣬ǫţүмɰգ
ճۿܺɽ֣ʱбιɡ
䣬ߵıȻХСһ㣬ǵۣճüһ߳ɡ
绹δֻһէ֣ǧŻѣλε˹
ˣһٳҾ˲ϢԴֻճ
ЩеǰţƺǰΣ˿ûвżдЦ
ճͷĽֻ̤Ԥȵص㣬ճȻ֣ż
һٹ֣ͬʱżʱңδü֯ǧ̼꣬ճ϶˻ֵʱ˶ʯͷɽ󣬻ʱʸӹȵ׷
˿̹ƽ޷磬ȴǿǻʸµ˲㱻ǰɳʮףಡһһϡͼΪľ˲ԭ֮ƣڵĻʸϣеĻƾԽɿơ
ɽ󲿶ȷճ룬һֳɨɽ֣ɻûеоȽл˵׷ɽӴܣɽųзٿ죬һ˲мû
˿ɽҲӦȵױǳˣɱӲػأ׼һٰ
ɽΣ𽥿ɽҲüޡ
ȵֹͣ˷żճǵһ£ٽصɽʯ׷״Ϲȥ˵ŵļʸпɵ֮ʯȷʵ޷֮ԿġҵĴӴܣʱһʿ±Ͽ˴ӣһӣ
ĽѾҵܻ˲ö룬ָӴ±߿ӣȥȶǾһս
ȵ׵Ļѱ࣬Ѿ޷˲ӵ춯
ճЦϹˡ
ʱɽ´춯˳ˣճһ֣ʿ㰴ƻһص±ߡ
ֻƬ̼䣬˱ᵶɹȶû˳Ҿĺۼطʯ飬ͷһνܻһţɼʲôһѶȥɼΧ٣Ŀʬ塣
ģǲνһ䣬ǧôˣ֪˿̽Ҵ±ڣء
ʱһС˰ڰߵϸϸȥмʮ֮࣬æ㱨콫һʱ󡣺Ȼڱһ˴Ų̫ϵ״һ˳ſȥˣ
ǽѾŭգΣ̴һӶҿϣ
һ£ʮӣնϣֻùдһ׹ص춯
ǽѾۣһʯңһڶ
ʿǵ׷ʯͷ¶ʯͷ˻ַ˼ֻȥ
޿֮ʱһǽĺ󱳣첻ߵ𣺡ιүүأ
Ϳǫ֪ʱ˼ף䲻ЭһѳԼͷžһǽϣ˲һţǽ컹ûӦʲôµʱ򣬾ͱɽȡ
ʿһͻ䣬һ¾ͻˣ뷴ѾʱҾ°˲ɱɽȣֻƾѾ˵ѾȺףﻹ֯Чķգ۵Ĺе㶼ˡ
ǫԼף˦˦ͷߵճ󣬡ү³ˣ
δճա죺һ㡣
ųٸⳡһǧкܶɽǻûٴȥȻ·һ
иӦƵģһ䣬Ʊ㷭εĸֻꡱһףںҶоþûص
ડડડડˡ
ճ㹴һĨЦƾˮϳˢǫ³ˡߣ
ߣ
ȻǴӻߣ
ǫشЦһЦԼɵɽڻҵ飬ͲƵԽԶԽãʱǴӻгȥȫģ
ճǹһ٣ȳ˳ȥԽԽǰҲԽԽģ˵Ľ¶ͣЪ˶ΨһĻ·ǳŻ֮ǰȥ
һ·Уǰ˿Ĵ·˿ճһ죬Զ񱼶һ¬һȺսˡǫЦ£˼¡
˲ٵ飬ҹŸǵķ򣬼ȥ
ҶڵľĶһ䣬ٰе鷳ȴոտʼ
Ϻæ䣬㽫ô¶Т׿Ҳϵһ׳ڼ½ٰս޸Ľȣϵʬѱȫת꣬·Ҳȫɨһ飬գٰаձɻص졣
׿ҲԷ֮Ĵ£Ϻɥᣬ䲻ֹˣøоˣǳ̺ܿ㶨һӦҲ׼׵ֻǲһĹ餡
иϴ٣ʹĹײҲõľģ׿ֻɱҰʣɵǻˡ
һǸĪѰãֻ֣Σ

 12 

ٰôһλԭȵΪ̫ʱ书εʦǰ˳󲡣Ϊ춼ǴǱٰⲡĺˣǹϡүӲʣ⸱ϺõľҲ͸һˡ
׿һʮǰţļҶһǳҾˣæӭ˽ȥ׿˵⣬ȴǹܼһӷѡ
ܼңл˵޷
˵ʱүѾ̬ȣ⸱װӢңƽ񣬾ǲϺ
׿üͷһ壬ʮֲ⣬Ǻ⣿ϺҲӢңΪβ᣿
ܼһ࣬ΪΪѣѵٰ֪Ϊα֣Ϻ԰ЩŽģϽգϺңٰư˰
ôһ˵׿Ͷˡ˶Ϊ֮սΪĪѰƸһѾİٿĪϺҲѹһһҪҪεΨһжҲѱ
׿ǹܼҵ֪ͨһ
ܼҲס̾ûõģү˵Ļǲĵġ
Ȱ˵ҵ£ܼͨһ
ҪƽʲôˣǹܼҲдˣտǶǾ֮ˣǺպĳҾҲţֻӲͷƤȥʦˡ
Ƭ̣詴Ӻô˹һͷ׷ȴо񣬿׿ˣһЦƳ۵˵ҾһȴҲ֪ѹһס
׿ķ̣һݣЭҾڽʿݼ
ǻɫ˻ǼΪᶨΪǹײİģͲö˵ˣϷ򲻻ġ
׿λЩӡǳӾ֮ȵ۵ʦΪ۲ӡ˵ʱȵ۲飬ÿÿѧ話⣬𷣡ȵۿԲһһ죬ֲֻ֪ûȥ顣
׿룬̣ΪԼ֪һУҪԸֻһ취
ЦЦ˵ǣˣֻ˵ٰڵ¡
詼ʶȤҲͲټƽϣһ뵽ٰǣʱֳ棬˴α˼̤֪ж갡
׿쳤̾һѾãȴȻϵգҵ˴ٰǵȷأеϸĿ
Ҫ詷ȻҿЩ˶
׿üһбЩʱϵĻر
該ŴӣüͷԽԽԽԽֱۿ˱ӡɴ࣬ӣƽϢ
׿ƽ䵭ⲽһظеݡ
˴ٰѣǧİʮʮˡйϺǧʿȫսһһǧ˰ٶˡ
̾һκүʱڳܷʱףнߴʮһȫ͸Ѫģٰ֮ϣ죬ѪһһεɼԼǹۣЩķͽ
詽۾˵ȴࡣ׿֪λʦҲ֮ˣѪܵʵҲ˵ʲôˡ
ٰڻָ򣬿ЩȴҲزˡκүھںϣ޹޸ǣơ׿üЦκүһңֻҪٰΣѽ⣬ΪǣԵΪףҲʧΪһõĽүġ
ӲͷƤЦһ˵˰죬㻹ҪΪĪѰ⸱װ塣
׿һۣĿɫүʮ̣ȵƽҡ£д۾ҲҴ˵ģģҾнʿȴţ
࣬һ׺޵ĪѰϽ٣ͽŽҲ٣ù֣Ͻల¼ʮ꣬ô³
Ϳ׿Ц轻òʮ꣬Ҳ̫ƽĵ̫գҪսֲñˣԲáżΰ꣬;ٱҴ裬еҰĻ𣿶ңһֱ˵ǺүŽģ֪үΪʲôϷţ
詺һƲȥ𻰡
׿Ц۽ǰУ֪ȥϽļʹʮʳճռѶգ
֪
֪ƫ춼ĻӳҾٱ췴͢ĴϽʮǰգϼѣ
֪
֪ϽνΣ
֪
֪׿һΪǳֿ͢𣿿ɵʱһƬңȻţ̫ЭĻӵ춼ǣ֮Թ˲Ͼӵ۸û͵̫͵ˣõʱæսµĸ˾ĻӲ֣
⡭һʱû˵
׿쿴ӣЦ˵֪
֪طղ͢ĲֻϺ
֪үϽʮǺ󣬰պ࣬һӰ٣
֪ϽΣ֮ʱһţΣʳʯϽȰˮ֮С˭֪ȴ岻ڴˣȡ˺үΣöĽڣҴ裡ɱ˷Ż޶ˣΪҪһϵӢսĶκү˵
׿촽ţŻ𣺡Ѱղ֪п⣬ΪټʮأеΣѵ벻𣿣
ţмΪ𾪣޸ղŵӲȷ֪ٳеĺڰȴôҲ󣬰Σ֮ʣ춼ڵĹԱΪһ˽ҿȵӣţǾʳȻģ
׿쿴ɣóڶĪѰҵǷţǲţԼǰǰдүֶˣдһ
ԵϣָΡ·һӾˣսʱľȫĴֻʣһݵ۵ʹϧ
ջûдǷţǰ˵ϺѾ˿̾ٴǷȷϣ͸޵ˡ詰̾һͿͿͿ
ֱˣΪƣܼңȥǰŅ̀߰ɡ
׿һ죬Ҳһ̧񣬡лϿд̧
ʱ׿ǱӰһ£󣬶κүᣬÿգһ̡
話˰֣ûٻش׿Ҳǿ󣬴֮Ѿɣõ⸱װ壬׵źҲ˰Ϣ֮Ѿܿˡ
ҹɫХţ£׿££磬紵˹ǺҲ֪ճɽΣ
пźҶȵķ򣬱ʣڵү
׿첻ڵĵͷȷģǧ˶һˣܲģ
õģүȻŶʮȴǴСսģһûսʤ
׿𾢣ҲЦ£ʲô۾һתһֱү϶ָƣ
ǵȻн˵үҶ֪
ã׿쿴ô׵ľ˹ûסЦ˳㣬Ҽ֮ǰүǲң
ôҲû뵽ʵ£һӷѣ⡭үԸ˵
׿Ц֪Ĺ£ãӻճԿ

 13 

׿һţӶ۵һ죬ⷽ򣬰˳ǶСˣæ˹ȥȻĸС˱ŶѹϣŵѾ޺˵Ķš
Сƨǲʡģ
Ǹʲôأ׿
һ׿ˣһ˹ȥ޵ǽһӶʪ˴Ƭ׿ӣҡֻǡ
ûˣûˡ׿찲£ôҲ㣬۸
С˼µ˻ˣſ˶һ̵ߡյԼ·ŭĿ׿죬ƨ£㵽ӵĹ٣εĶ£ʶľ͸СүԶ㣡
׿쿴ǻһδȴװ׺ݵӣһЦ˳ϣһֻδŵصصȥƦʮ㣬Ȼ޹޾պܹ¡
⻰˵Ĳ٣𱲷ôҲýһɣ̵ܽܵܣ쾭塣
С糺죬һ˺ľϣһ˿δˣΪҵˣǾͶﵽͷСүҲǳصģʲôҵƴӰյʱڸǶԼĸﹶ͵һײİ壬Ҷμһɣ
ôһ˵׿֪δ϶ڶĪѰҥԴ˽װһ£̼ˡ
׿첻üǷһҹ֮û˫ףʹ࣬ᡣǶӣԺⲻҪԿϾһ׿ĥҪ취㣬պҲܹƽ˳Щ
Сӣ˵ΪϺĶӣԴҲ㣬µݣɲˡŷ͵óж
ʮ꣬ҲѾ𣬱ôһ˵˲ڻСٹҼӹ֮󣬶˷
˿ɲ㳤󡣡׿γԼ彣ݸɣҿжٱ£ҪҲõöС
һᣬ˽Ųʲô˲˵ģ׿ķһͨҿ
׿ĶţЦڵˮƽ뱨һûУ˵·
˵ʲôһȥ⳯һ̣ɶòֵĶӼ꣬ҧۣŽֶ
ɱ㣡
׿췴һ첻˵ĵͲȴͦأôƽүôģ
˵ҵ
˵㣬ѧү
㣡ʱҽ裬һ֦ӣû˵׿֡
ѾȻԺ׷죬þ˴룬ҲЩٻ׿׼һţڶϣֱ˸ͷĽҲˡ
Сй˴룬ʱֻʣǻίʱԼܹЩһ᣺Сүˣ
׿ΣκүһôôСûѽ
ߣҲԴСŲûʶʱΪܡ
׿챻Ц˻ܸԼôڡ
룬ȻԸţȴԺүΪأЩı䣬ֻкүȰˣ׿λСӽ£֪֪үʱһλԽ
һ¾ͱע̧ͷ׿ЦЦһαʱүһ߷ڵز˵ҲˣǱǣү̾ͷվסԼĽ˵ɳжǶԼĽǹ˰յΡǵڶαԵʱȻүˣǰѽȴûѹ֮֡ÿÿ˱Ƚүܸ֡²¹µĽ֣
һʣҵǽſˣ!
׿ҡҡͷүûȵſӣȴȵ˸ϸսӣһʾƽңϺӴϽＸʮ̫ƽȻûл뽫д裬үǰѽȴδɹڳǽ֮ϣѾǹȴţһұ֪үδϽϣδд塣
ѹһ¼ǿĨ£ͷתһȥԹĵǲգɰôĴжҲ֪ˣ詸ǿɶ˵ЩʱҵΪϽŲڵ˼£
ԣ⽣Ͳ𣿡׿ԵүƴҲҪסĳ/ǹΪʲôΪ˽㿸Ͻص㶼Ըֻ˭Ըźүһų൨أ
û䣬һҪ˶֪μҵжûһث֣Ƕĺúվǿ˵Ҹô
ѽ׼ҡ
𽣣µһ£ոֻȫûüѽںȻǧأ˿һɵ׿죬ûõģ书ôߣҸ򲻹㡣
򲻹ҲҪүôǽԵģôúϧѵֱȥսϵ𣿡
һᣬս˽˾ʹ˳ȥ׿ҲˣһշӺߣеĽֱˡ
ԭأѾˣݺݵ߬ȭĶ־˲䱻ؽ
׿˿УֱɣһûκɣֱӼ˽
һһΣˤڵϣһҲۣĻҲȫսȥĶһսĽһøʧ

Ȼ˸Ƶģ׿Ҳοһ߶Ľ棬һָӽķȼ䣬Ѹ̲ܵס룬һҲѰʱָһ£Ҳøôҵ³
Դ𾢣дæܽԺ࣡ǱϢˣ
׿һۣϵĶҲ֡Ҳûϵյһͣסˣ̳ȥٶ̫죬
׿ָֻһʹǽ滮һӣѪһ¾ӿ˳
һɵ㶵վԭأǰҲ˹ȴδ˵Ǹһ˲ҪǸԸõǸ֪һΣƫƫǸǻȴںô˵
׿һָѪæ£˿̫ѪЩֹס
ԱߴõĶżˣæ˹ԼӰ򵥰£ĵǽиɣ
׿æҡͷ˶˵ʲô£һϵҩҲͺˣǵǸոк
ϵѪ˿Ѿӣ˳һֲõԤУУǱߵϢǲǲ̫ð

 14 

УںҶȱΧүǫһٽʿҺཫʿг󲿶Լڸϣı
׿żһһ飬οӦòǻϢүӦİ취
ˡɫҶȵĵƣΧˣ޴ӣɱһѪ·ɡ
׿֪Ҫ˵ʲôһˣүȴֻһˡ
࣬㣬˵ٰѾûʲôˣҹϵȥұ֪үôˣ
飬׿ҲͷûҸһȥ
⣿кȻѣϾս˲Ϣ䣬һʲô£мԴġ
׿Ĺǣģһҡ
ô˵ˣҲҾֻܾӦ£·ʲô£һҪϽ뿪ս
׿һһӦ£ӶжԼĽ뽣ʣ׼ˡ
ͻȻסŲӵҲҪȥ
һСƨȥʲô׿֪Уȴʱ򣬹ĵڼúһǷûнҴŲţ
֪ŻҲ֪Լʵ˺ȣղֻǳһʣȻǲվս
׿쿴ЩɥͷοԺеǻɱУҪǻңǺúó󡣡
һСӣ֮Աǣ̧˦׿ͷϵ֣֪ˣ̣
׿ЦһãһҪû͵ģŶˡ׿쳤̾˿ǸװѾˣʦȻżͿȴǸĴˣ㲻Щ˻ҲȫϣƣЩԻᴦ׵
ȫ׿ǣƥ׼ҹǡ
һ·ţۿ˾ҪˣŤСʣ㼸ܻպҵᡭ
׿粽üЦģ϶ϵüͺүһ̡
ͷһȣ˵õĻСġ
һ˦˲ʧںҹſڿ˰죬ֱĻȥ
һƽ£ⳡ¾УѾʧȥ̫࣬òһԸΪõˣһӣƽ
׿һ·ӱޣҶʱȻŵһЩսζԽǰζԽء
пһصŢ¹һꡣ
ѵ׵ɽ𣿡׿źҶȵķԼһ⡣
£ǲҪðգǴһ·ߣ˻ûдӺҶȳôȥѰ·
׿ǶԵģճûҶȣȥҲֻǶѣȥϡ
ãߣ
һҹ·֮ǰϵ˸ǡ
Ͻ϶˵һǣⲻԶ˳µĻˮӣƿ˴ս
뱣סֻһ취سţ
׿һҹȴƣֻ֪ҶһսսΣճûգ
ߵ£ϳʱسǵĽѾǳҾˣضڽһսѾ׼
ǽҲϳУ̿ŷǡ
ڴʱѾȫسǵĽ˵ҹѾҹаתˣֻʣҾǧ˺ԭسǵǧʿ
ǧһ򣬻ʤģοǵԮһֻܵҪסʤ
׿æʣү𣿡
سǽʿæˣҹʱġ
һ仰ŵķ˻˾ͺá
ǽʿȥʱıʣһƿʣ׿һ߰˰˵˽ʮˣżʿΪڵϵԱǻҩ
æȥסһ׼˺ţʣôģ
ʿ򵥵˵˵׿ŴʲôȻӻҲһЩˣҵסˡ
׿쿴һȦҲûҼճӰүأ
Ѿæһϣ۵׷࣬ڸӶԱ֪ճȥˣ˵ֱ֪ˡ
һ׵ճ㣬ķ磬һ˽̧һסɫһĨϲ˲仯Ϊŭ
һݣүʵڵ뿪ٰү𷣣
ճֱֱĶ׿죬Ļȴ˵ãȻ춼ǣԼȥӪ췣
ǣ
׿챾˵ǸԼʾģһȻײǾӪˣΥǸܷ׿Ҳһѧеӣʾ췣
ͿճһüЦ㣿ðҹ
׿һ£˵춼췣ôھͿʼˣ
׿Ҳõڲӣֻø󣬳˴ʣƹ䣬һСľʡ
ճû˵Ľʣ׿һĴģҪôԼأվڣǷͣܲҪɣ
Ҳ׿ô룬ϾҲڽģھӪе˽ⲻ٣ѵ˵ʱĿɿأû뵽гһҲֵ
׿˽ȥѾ˱׼ֻԶԶۺȵĿ
׿챻ЩڣŤŤͷүҷҪдģҪͷҰɣ
ճ㶨ĿţϿһ㣬ӡĿ⣬һ˿ԥ㣬ôҵֱӵĿȥ
ͻȻȡһ׿žòԾ²ǸȾ纮ˣţ˵ˣ̶һɤػصϡ
˵ұ
׿һѾ˽лŮʱ˶ΧŻһתĻһȣˡ
ճ㿴죬ҲЦ£Ĵ磬ӵġ
׿ﰵԼ߸ʲôأѾй֮ʵˣʱӣ˾ýˡ
ôţ׿ͦͦӣȥߣһ§סճ㣬ֱۻ米ģүˣ
׿⣬βͻˣ
ճȴûŹ˼ľѣǳǳȵĺֱۻϣûжĶɾ׿ﶼӷѿһ
Ƭ̣׿ܲסˣճ㣬˾Ȼô˯ˡƣҲ֪ж࣬жۣӦǶûüϢҪæڸǵķɡ
׿Ծͱƣ˰ĵ˯ţ˹֮ǰճӦÿ˯þ
ȻҲһҹûϢȻҲãһ̣ŽʿΪ˸ǷһӣҲûôѰˡ

 15 

ճˡ
ʮ˯ȵһΡ
ϢڱǼƣĺڶһжֿɼ
ճۣĴ뿪˳ЦЦůүһҹû˯ɡ
ճļ磬ԴǸзڣȽϴߡ
⻰ôô֣׿ɴ಻ˣ˵һʿ˵ǴӻܳģүûУ
ճ㿴ת˻⣬Ҳ𴩣΢΢ҡͷް
˵û£ҲģһҹĽͺ£°ʱǸɴû£ճ㲻͡
֪ΪϽİոˣΪԼˡ
ճ㿴ˣЦʣʲô
׿عҡҡͷû£үôģѵү󣿡
ﶮֻǼԺá
ճ۾һתĵĻ˻⣬һЩٰڵ£һһˡ˵ŵʱ򣬻۲һճı飬ȴҲûʲôر
׿˿˻δ棬Ȼûʲôоģպǳſλճ㲻ֻ֪أ
Ҳ֮飬׿ĿһڶһʵۣһүȥôˣܲΪһΣͲ˼ļżɰɣ
ɴ˿ճȴȫһӡ
һȷȢ˶š
ֻȨ֮ƣףҲס
ǶĪѰ󣬳͢׷Ͻۣ֮ʵʱ˾ǶĪѰȻлɵĺȴǲĥģԵʱ顢̲ȶسڣҪϳֻ͡׿Ңһ˾Ҫ¶μҵҫ
Ƕһû˶ĪѰʲôſʮ겻£ʮ꣬ǵƤ竡ճ㲻Ϊʲô˶Ҫɱ֮졣
Եʱʵҵճ㣬ȻʴͻΪɣ¶μҵѪ˶ΪҲнڻסμҽʣСӡ
ʱճ㣬ոյ֪׿Լɩʵ֮Ȣ˭ʲôأ
Ӧˡ
Žʱֻһ̨ӡ
ϣŹǰл¶μҵĶ顣
ճֻǵЦǸ޽ˣģϧ
֮󣬶ű˺ΨһĲȻֻϵĹϵճȴΪûȢκһŮˡ
һУһıˣȻѾȢ׿죬㲻κβصˣ
ճ̲ס˼һĶ鹣˭أ
˸ģһʱ޻
ʱȻûһս࿴һۣˣ
׿ճ˳¥¡
ֻһˮĲճֻһۣҲǧѵҹںҶȣǧˣ
ճ㲻ҡͷɲһѻôǳ֮⣬ֻһˣǾǡѾԣˣ
ǫһٿͷУȴһСġ
һʾʣүô죿
ճȵˣظЩˣһŹ
ǣ
ͣǫ汾ǧȥ׷
ǣ
үǫĵ᲻Ǹ壿
ճۣͨսϽֻвûܲԶ
һΣζŻ
һ˸ճ󣬼ų˳ǣǧоٶȷǳ죬ճԤų⻴ˮһ·£ҲŻˮ׷˹ȥ
һƽԭö㣬оغӶ£֮ܿ
׷ʱȻճˣȺ˴˿̾ɥȮһ㣬ȫš
Ŀ죬ûһ㱻ճĳҾӪΧˡ
Թһ£Ҳǧʿҹǳյĵȷ
ճϣǹǹͷƽԭݵϣһۡ
һȦһȦͣһóߡ
ǹһճָ㣬ʲô֣
˲ΡΡĶ˵һӾ˿ӣڵһģΧʿһˣҲ׷׹һͷġ
ճ㿴صˣûһֱͦģȻֺա޵ɱϽǣյǣʿȻܸûĶ
ǫչ˵ܿѾԼˣЩ˻бȥˣֻסǵĻӣЩ˵
ãճĿЩ²Ȼ͸ңȻʧͣ
ĩڣ
Ҿʲô
Դˣ
Ǿͣһ
ǣ
һ⻰ǧ˶ʱͷӬһܣƴһģҲԭصģ󲿷ֻܣϾǧһٶȸ죬Ҳܶһһ˵ù
Ҿ󣬱˶ЩֱӱԴƶʱһߵճۿǣƾѪĿϡ
ͻȻһС˰ΧȦֱˮȥΪ׵Ǹո˿ӵˣһ֮ǰųģճͷֿһǺ⣡
үǫһǶƭˣ
ճŵãһ̤ǵͷһ·׷˹ȥ
һˣǹһ˳ȥֱָԷҲһתһ̡
ճأ˲䵶ǹ򣬵ʯ֮ѹʮУ
СҲǸǰսģ󶫺ʮ˿ģλСδλʱѾչֳ˹˵ĲܣǰӣҲհ¸ֻϧ̫սδͻϮϽ˵ֲҲֻĥǹ
ճһѰɼףһն̽أ巴ȥոպöһ¡
˲ǵѪЦķ񣺡ĽǹȻ
ճ㲻ϻǹ˺գһ棬׷ߣǹͷɴ̡
ӦϾֻˣһһߵû뵽ô죡ϽǱĽ𣿹
֪⼤ŭԼճһǺݼ
һһǹһƿԣȴЦ֪ǳҾ֪ﻹڱǰˣۣ
֮ĶԽԽ죬һֱ󳷣ճ׷ᣬۿŶѾ˻ˮӱߣ¹꣬ںˮǣˮּĿǺˮֱһǹ
֪ȥɣϵĽճһǹֵ̤ȥһշˮһ㣬һϢ˽ȥ
ճһҪܣһ֣
Χˣźˮһͨ䣬ɺˮļѲӰ
ǫ˹˿һصѪοˣ˺ӣ롭
ֱӱճϣӲһغȥңҪˣҪʬҲʣ
ǣ
ճһˮ°Էݣһ첻㲻ð

 16 

һֱҵڣҲûӰճҲ˴𰸣עҪһΡ
Ǿ˱ϻ˸ǣʱЩڳѾĴ󲿶Ӻͳнʿȫץ²䡣
ճӪ󣬿ٵĽ˸ȾɨȻǿפϽǵľҲѾͳȫճҲѾɼӼ鱨춼ǡ
Ҳ׵ˣһȻһλǱܵˣϽܵƻѾԶСһˡ
ճæһУصԼУһƿͿ׿ڰҩֻĿ͵ĳȻ˻ҩ¡
ʲô
һ׿عճЩϲת˲ԼҩʱЩŵ־ҪȥƸӡ
С̡˷ɿ˹һץס׿ָ⣬Լ
˲һ죬æµһӣŰҩƿûû
ճЦ£ë־ŵӣȤڰʲô 
׿СĵĽҩ˸ճ㣬ҿү糿ЩԣҹҪ˵ҩүůůӰɡ
ֻǰһ
ճ㿴Ʋ¶ɫЦѾ۽ǣӹҩ봵˴ȥ
׿쿴ôԵľͰҩˣһϲһΪү᲻Ըء
ճҩ룬üһ㰾ģȻҪȡο˲رҪԹԳҩ𣿡
ᵽ£׿εЦЦϾҪϵġ
ճԼףɫҲý͵ô㲻˵ֻңϲһЩִһбڿԶҡ
׿Լû˼ֻʶȥˣΪ֮Щɣ׿ճһʱǺ̹Ȼദ
ЦЦ⣬ɿ±һҩۣ˳һָүеҩ
ճֲһ£򴽽ǣü価ϲɫ֪Ϊξƽ֮£ܽůݸδҵĳ̶ȣʵ򵥵ǣůǸڱǰѾõˡ
𣿡ʡ
ճһЦ߽һ׿˵ľδ䣬סĴ
ĴУֻͣ£ѽле١
ճſĿ繣Ц𣿡
׿΢գգۣһĨգﲻܿƵĻոյһĻһȻƶ֮ҹʱĲ࣬ȴΪ¶ĺļܵµĲ
׿ɫߣǱƻ´
Ȼ࣬ǵ࣬Щר˵䵭
Ų֪λشʱ⴫һү
ˣճɫ͵ƽתΪĮ
׿һˣæ˲죬˵һߡճ㿴ԴŵĶЦ£ոһǣʱûζ
˽ذ񣬡ү²ǧİʮˣȫѺڳ⣬үá
ճ˿δɣʹá
ǣ
׿һһճ㻹δʱѾţջˮ߽ǧ˱ɱνľͱһ
ү׿켲ǰȥʾү˼
ճЩȣ࣬
Ѿ䵽㣬ﲻ˸ΥΪдɣǧǰҲܾô޶ԡ
׿̧ۿɫµճ㣬Դүвͬ⣬үã
˵
׿˿үս·²ӦȰɻΪۣзɱãǷ²δ෴ҲǱӶѣү
ɱϽˣճ⣬̵˹ⶼۣοҳҾһڣǼȱܻҲ֪³ˡ
׿Ҳ֪Щ˺ϽռЩϽɱӣ޶Լ벻ּ꣬үսɱ²Ҳ޿ɺǣϽǰӵĵطʵڲɱ¾ˣ
ճ۽һüͷˣȳȥ
ǣ
˵⣬ճߵ׿ǰֽڵϵ˷
㲻ɱǣ
ʾ䣬׿컹ƶȻһ۾Ϳ͸
ˡճ׿ߵ
׿ʱģ˵˵ǲٿϽѪ֮ˡɲǼǰһǹٰ⼸켸ҹĶĪѰſɬЦСָųɽӣ㿴ɽ̣͵䣬Ͻ
ɺȻ䣬ɽȾɰ죬µķͱ˹ǶʬɽϽˡ
ȥȡҩʱرһ˵үɱ¾
Ȼû˵Եɣ׿ҲһճĲйء
һļ£˦ͷ뷨ǫ˵׷ǧˣȫɱˡү㲻Ͼ֮ˣԾ֮Ҳ֪һЩҵ˵սػֶΣҲǱյɶЩСʿ˵սǷ㡣ϽѾˡ
Ȱ˵ճЦ£Ȼпһ֪࣬ҵһսʱʲô
׿ҡҡͷ֪
ʱ꣬һ౱սԵĮĻ֮ʦ
һս౱°˸ķ²
ɱ
ճ㣬Ҳʮķ²һĿһСһѶذֱֱǷ²ǰվ˰ʱ䣬˶ذһܳ˾ʡ
Ҳġ
ҹӦˣǷ²ʵֺܺãűʱ͵͵
֪౱谮ӣ֪⺢ʵǴİ˻ӣǽɱˣܶԳ౱ʹɳʹĴ
ǣճ֡
˺ݺݵĲӣճоѣֻ
㵵Ŀ𽥱ɱ⡣
оʶһţ¶һɢ
ԭ£㲻ɱȴҪɱ㡣
ľȴʹġ
ģԶȥˣÿһˣ
һ˲䣬ճ˱常ذס
͵سһ̽Ƿ²ĺ
һճѪоԼı仯ѪҺΪⳡɱڣ
֪ӴԺԴ²ֻһ̬ȡ
һ
׿һʱϧ·𿴵ҹ£һĺӣнĨɱԼ֮㻯ս񣬹ֲ˶˵飬ֲõ˶˭֪ǰѽиذףĶ͵أ
ƶ˭˵壿ճȻһҪһѵСҲɣҲʧɣҲ¶Ȱɡ
׿һȥµҹذ׵ĺӣ˽ƶ񣬶У档
һأ˼飬С˵ӣֺ֮⣬ү£ԺΪүʣҲû˵㡣
ճ㰵̾һ˳ǣ֣ģ֪ɵӣֻΪ˸ǧ飬ȴһů̲ס̽ûмֳġ
ǣֻͶ뱾ôǣ
׿˿ڣһĨʵЦ಻үᷢ䣡ֻǲϣЩѪȾҴĽɽ
ճЦǻҪ顣
׿෴ãǲֽѡ
ˡճɫһ䣬˵ЩϽˣǵͽϽİհɣ

 17 

׿صٰǲųճ˼
ǧ²Ҳһ˻ڳǧڣԣַԸ˼ӣЩ²˽ȥ
һȺվڿ⿴ǫֱۻǰһ־°ͣүҲ̫˰ɣ˸أ
׿ȴɲԭΪճǰ˿ڣЩһΪūûճֻ˳Ѫ⡣
񣬿ɲͲѪ
ʱпӳиү׼ˡ
󻹸һ꣬첽˹
׿һǶ
ܵǰһһһΪزأ
׿쿴ıŤ̲סЦЦ̧ԴϣСӣ˵Ȼʳԣ⼸ûкúû۸
ʢᱻԴѵ׿֣һûԲ֪ˡ
٣Сӣ첻Ӳǲǣ׿쿴͸ŵ⣬Щ棬Ҳ̤ʵ˵㡣
ճۿ˵Цģ̲ס
׿ôˣæкӣ¡
Ц⣬۴أ˸񣬡л£
Ϻӣ
ǣлүϽ
ճޱĿŷ²ӣأκүΪϽҲǾѡ
׿쿴ճɫ֪ˣæѶһߣš
ճ㿴²۱𣬾һŵϽգǧʬΪԩꡣ
ʣӣЩ²㣬ôã
ŭ𣬴ɱ֮ԼϽ
׿첻ü⺢̫˵Ҳã˵ҲãƼδϺһָܻյٹ⡣
˵䣬Ѿ½½ڶٰ˳⣬һ²һЩֱȥæԸʿ
ɱǣ
ɱȺ

Ⱥ鼤ߣмĲ࣬ү˶ˡ
ճͷһʾԿʼˡ
õĸ̨̨ºֵİպλ!
һ˲䣬Ŀⶼ׷˹ȥм˶˵λգҾѽͽϳϽүԸǧսȫȨϽմãλҪǣλҪǻΪūү˴ҵԸһЩͿǵˣ
һ׿һճ㾹İɱȨ˰УֻЩ˸ովѪϴ֮ʹѡҲԶ˰ɡ
ճվҪ׿ЩɥҲ֪ЩأҲ֪ճ㱾Ǹɱ֮ˣÿÿ뵽׿һ
ճϵɱ¾̫ˡ
ЩһЩˣƵĳǰȥЩֱ
ɱǣ
ҪΪȥɣ
ǣ

׿커ճ˵һߣİգĵүǻɧҵģ
ڵ²ֽţ޿ӣֻģ˲䰧һƬ
ǧڿһд˿־壬˿̵ͬǰϽİգʲôأ
׿ŴЩȥˣǽ֮Ů״δϹսɱˣԴ˾﷢
ٿҾˣҲɫȴδκβʣ׿߬߬ȭҧԼҪҪȫͱúһ㣡
˵Ĳʣ˳ӣ࣬ǲûɱˣ
˭˵áӲ˵
ˣȻʵҺһδɱˡ
׿Щ۵Ŀʮ꣬Ѿ˼˵ףɵһˣ֪жѡ
ͻȻ׿ǰĻ汻סһֻǽڷַϣ΢΢һ׿㿿һʵš
뿴ͲҪ
׿̰Ц£Ȼ󻺻ճ֡
үû¡
һ̱Ѿ׼ⲻҪĵһѡ
ճ㿴򶨵ӣûв𴩣Ŀ˷²ӡ
ʱѾ˽ףڵ²һǿӱٶҲ
׿쿴ȥ˵ĴӣһЩ곤ϸǺӶԶԶţϵı鼫ΪӣһЩѾ˳
ԽԽ࣬ԽԽûڵ˱Ͷ࣬˿ȥֱǺͷԷ裬ԲֹһЩ²˿ѾһϢİˡ
ͻȻһΧ۵ϸȺе˳ǻֹĿڣȭ˴ء

֮ⱾвĨᣬŵģ˿˴ͷһޣ˱Ҳ̲ס
Ƕʧȥ˵ٰգɥ֮ʹѾģΪг˻ģɿЩ²ʧȥǰָоٽϵ˿ڷ˳ݺݵļ̤
ӱӵ˴˿Ҳй˴룬˹
һӿſڵķ²붼û˶ɫ࣬ЩֱۣĿǡ
һļ£ʲôɱˣ
һ¶ļڵϣ㱵һҡͷ
ûɱˡڱ𣡣ڱ𣡣
ӵĺſǻڽѹĵ׵Ѫ˳ԽԽףɵڵϣֹסĳ鴤
ⳡɱ¾Уʧȥ˸ĸʧȥ޶ʧȥһСЩ²ʱԺֻһͷɱǡɵ²ؿڵʱȴûκο⣬Լ
˿٣Щʲôأ
һĸ
ԽԽ˶ֻмǿһᣬһȴڷ
ǵѾ˼㣬ŲסѾؿ˳ǿסҲǻ
գ˶˿ٰûκζ
Ļҳ䣬ڵεӣѾд˶û˷ӦСֵ˻ƾű
ճ˶֣ͣһֱüչеһȥɡ
ǡ
׿Ԥϵǣаն˳ӵĸٰǵķȥ໥ţ໥š
׿쿴ǵıӰһֱĸоЩǽڵĺ˳ⳡƽ٣ȥˡ
үԤϵ𣿡
ճɫɺ䣬Ԥʲô
׿ͷһᣬԤϵǻһ·
ۿһۣⲻ𣿡
׿˿һ˿֮ǰճ㣬浱Ѫš
ǰխүˡ
߰ɣҲȥ
׿쿴۷²ӣô죿
ճͷҲصڳ񣬻ķ䡣
ǣ

 18 

һصϺճ鷿δ׿컹Ϊ֮ǰھΣȥ˵˵ȴα
òӦСӣ׿ѭҵ鷿ţӦһһƿţͿճ鰸ڷܱʼ顣
࣬
׿챾Լŵƽ͵ĽȥҲͲŤˣ˹ȥЦʣүдʲô
ճѾɫͷ٣һֽϣŨܵĽëϴһƬӰ˶̬ͣ±ƮݣȵĹʡ
̧ۿһۣһĨЦϴּǾ촦ߵ£Ϲ޹Ҫ춼ˡ
׿ȵĻһһʱûѣֻ֪ǹǴԼСŮ׵ģ޸ӣһûʲôҲֻ˵λĹԸΪԣܲǡ
λҪ𣿲֪λү޸
׿ֻôһģȴճȴζ˱һ٣۽Ц˷ģֲͷϡ
ճ㲢ˣÿһУض˵Щû
ҲǸ˼
ҵ˼
ĹִģЦں
ã׿Щ⼸ϵĵӣ·һжˣǷ޵ˣһС鷿һһ䣬ûộ˵۵׶Ц
׿쿴ճűʵ֣ϸ޳ǽڷָЩӣǳǹµĺۼȴһ㶼ֲڣ̤ʵĸо±ּԾ
˵һ˵֣ᷴӦһ˵Ʒԣ仰ճǼΪȷģҪǷŵԼϡͻдȶɡ
ճ㿴Լ֣ͣʣôÿ𣿡
׿˫ֳڰߣͷÿ
ճ㹴һĨЦдű𣬡벻ġ
ţ׿һү
۽΢У˵˵˵֣š
׿ˢһ¾ͺˣô֪
ճ֪£һ̫󷣳𾭣̫òᣬдҹдӣ׿ʱսãĴķ
̫ϰ߾ͺˣҵҲأûˡ
˵ֱ꣬ʱ
ճӻعֽ˹ֱһȦ˻ֱϡ
ͻȻܣ׿ЩӲүŻء
Ҳû˼ֻǾյģһװôĿŵүǲ̫õġ
ճóľǰĻᣬȻЦһ§ֹЩ
ʲôûʲô
׿ʱˣΪʲô֮ÿ춼ڱСӵϷأҹúߣھΪһģɵĻߵࡣ
һסԼΣ̹ȻддǾүָˡ
ճ˽§סЦĵݱʸֽűʵְġ
պīīʣ±ʡ
׿ʶסճȣһһʡ
ճĶ󣬺ֱĶĤȡ
Ǹܵľִ٣ճڣ񡣡
׿쳤˿ǿԼעŵʼһһ֮£ѾƬ̼ճԼ֣дĴʡ
˼ƺԶǧǧУʹ˳ϡ
ҪƴƴǰδԵؽᡢԸ
ǰδԵؽᡢԸ
׿һһֵжʻճԵ֡
ôճ˳Ҳϲһ䣿
׿ôһ˲Ļǰ
һֱΪճ谮мӣ˽⣬׿ȴδйʲô
ѵһҲԼ
ǻǣؽᡢԸ
ү׿ĿƣʳǸ˼Ѿõ⣬ǲʶң
һʣճҲסˡ
ǲʶǸܾúܾõĹˡ
ճһο׿죬һ
ǳ౱ķ˴춼Ǵһ轣ͼһʮŮһװִһվϥ½Ƿˬ
ŮƮݵĳ£¶毺õݣȻʱδȫ죬һ˫¹ۣټ۽һɰ룬ѾʱڵճУȴӡ
ĸ˭
ĸЦѽԶ󽫾ŮƤĺܡĸòŻģôÿ𣿡
ʮ꣬һα⣬ճŤȥá
֮ճܴ춼ǵϢУй¡
ȻһǣȴĬĬʱ䡣
ֱʱ춼ǣϵǻ
̤Ƭأһڳڣ۵ıܹ֣ȥǼҵ꣬߹ţ
ʱճףδǾʶ
ԵӵԶ󽫾׿Ңճɫƽ糣Ӧ£纣˷ӿ
Լˡ
գճͥŲڽιۺ԰
һɽһĻˮһЦȻֻһɫŮӣŷһţջƣ󣬱Ī⣬ýݣˣʱӯ࣬㽣ʱ磬Ҷױ
ճվ￴ãá
һ̣ԭжΣ֣ϲ
뿪׿ʱ׿ҢΪдĺãλүôȴ֪Цⱳʵްϵ
׿쿴һסˣƬ̼䶼ûӦ̲סƣү
ճع§ϵֲ˼֣Ŀɫ͸żȻǣʶˡ
׿˼£үΪβ˵أʲôʱ򣿡
ճ룬ˣҲ׷ʣ£ֻǵãǰգ˵ģ⣬㹻ˡ
ǰգ׿̲סȥ룬˵ʲô
үιʶҪȢң
Ȼ˼㣬㣬㣬ҹҹѳ缲
ԭˣʱҲȷ仰ĵ׵ķ˻ȥ
׿˼ԶЦ΢죬үʱֻǹ˵黰ҵġ
ճķһָ⣬Ŀɫ紺ͣʱû¹㣿
ŲĿȥͿճüһ۽ǺЦϵֽ˼֡
ֻס㡣
ӿ׿ֻԼһֱ鵽ǰ
˼Ҫɣ
ǰԽԽüˣŨ飬ɼʹҲ֪ˡ
׿챻Ⱦţı۾
ճĴãԼܹأ
˵ĺһ׿ܸоȵϢ
׿Щڴһˡ
ҪɲǣֻážһǴص
׿ȻۣһӴճ㻳˳ȥͷһ
žʧɫվſڣһصĲ롣

 19 

׿һɵˣ̲סﰵԼôܲأ
Ҳˣƫƫ
ʶҧסߵŸǰ
ŴӾлæͣ׿Ҳǹ͵ġ˲㳢С˵⣬Ҿ͹ˣĲġҲ֪үҲ⡭ʲôû
Щţ۾Ĵҿ׿죬ҿճ㡣
Ĳոǡ۾ˡ׿ҧźϹ֪ô࡭ǵӲͷƤ˵ȥرǿԼƤ㿴۾ڻء
ʱҲ˲٣Ц£ӲؽͣûʲôողСĴ˲룬ʰʢһӡү
˵žͶȥʰһ񣬾ͱƬָ
׿æҲ£һֺ
׿ӡűסֶ
׿òˣ죬ЦЦСʱƤϻ˿ڣﶼôģɹˡ
ŴСллӡ
׿˿ﻹǸأһֱոһĻø⺢Сɶĳѽ˿ûעԼΪʲôס
ʰˣ㻹ǸϽȥϵҩõĿ졣
ջָ߬Լͷ񣬡žˡ˵꣬صˡ
׿һˡ
׿ӣ
ճ㲻֪ʲôʱѾվһһһƬϡ
ճۼֿĽ˻Լ׿չ˱ôôԼȴ˴ģ
׿пŷµģʱϽƿճ㣬ֻͷ⣬ûˡ
ү治±˵л
ճ㱻СӸЦˣԼķȣ˭˵л
ȡ˭ˣ
׿ȥĺΣ˲ү˵ſûп
ʲô⡣
׿һү֪ʿɲô˵᲻˵ȥ
ᡣ
ôܿ϶
Ƕ໰ˡ
׿üͷһ壬ү֪ʲôˣûǴҲżɡ
ճʶԼʧŲæĵǴˣμ⾰ƱҪǻ춼ǵģֺ㶼ô˵
׿һҲеοӴĶţȷʵǶ໰֮ˡ
ճ´ļ磬Ц˵ȥΣѵ˻𣿡
׿˼֣ǣǲŮս̵ģװ´˻϶ǻү鷳
ճ׽˻ص㣬ս
׿һ𣿡
ճҲҪվ󣿻վ֮ǰ
׿ɫᶨҿҲԿ֮ǰ
㡭
ճһǰһǸڹǽ֮ڵǶôĲ֣
͸жһ㣬۳һԭڽӴ󴨣
׿һڴ̽үΪŮҲһǻѪս𣿡
ճĳӿһŬԼȽŹϣȻ§
ľ磬ٵĺܾܾ
ʵϣһѾ̫ˡ
һСֺûʵ۵ۿؽĻɩ
ģķˣ
ӽԺ֮ؼٻӰ쪣֮أսХХ
á
׿һͬˣҲЦ˳ֻճʱŷסԼ˴˿ڲ
үôˣ
ճ̧ͷȺ˫۽һۣ촽Զȥ
ոƬ̵ů˵ҶںϷĲǴ˿̵ķ񣬱׾󣬰êĴһУ޷ֻͶ
Ϣȶǿңճһ§һֹͷ
ӶᣬԵֲ
׿켸ִ֣˿䣬ɱҲҪŬӦ
ͻȻճһѽϣżصĺЩִ/Ŀ
࡭
׿Ⱥ۴˿̶ܵγѪץ֣ǹ̡
ճֿʼĶ䡰ᡱðһ㺹ɫ졣
׿һӴӸոյĲлճ̫Ծ
үôˣ
ճץ˶ԽԽҪʧһ
࡭þһ˿ǣ
׿͵٣ճǷˣϾ룬ϽųԺӣҲ֪ģֻñܱ߽УעĿ
ںǫ˵ЦΧвټҶæµҴţæ˹ȥ
򣡡׿ͣ£үȥ鷿
ҲǴˣһ׿첻ɫҲһСʣǲүˣ
׿æͷĽԶ
ҲתͷǫзԸ氢ȥסүֳһطȡЩϾ͵
ǫӦ£ã㡣
˵꣬˸Էֿ׿ǫиϽܻ鷿
ʱճѾĶ˸ϡã˫۳죬ͷ;ץһƿһһأǷĴƬֱ˳·γѪ
неãүʧˡ
׿һοճ㷢֪ô죬ֱżǸô
ǫ֪ȡһһ߸У˹Ҫ˵Լ
ǫһ˳һߣ̤ǰȥҪ˹סʱ־ճϣһĲƥôһգһ˺㽫ƥֳ롣
׿һ̫ʵˣȥ
δü鷿㱻̤նճסȥ·
˻ɢܿļɫ˫ۣѾȫʧ񣬴˿̵һ˿ȼŵĻ룬ɱ¾
Ѫ
иϽճм䣬Сģүû־ġ
˵䣬ճѾתĿ꣬һȭֱС
ּãɶ˿ճ㣬׷ϣв
ǫѾƥ˺˼ϵһһӡ
׿һͷţҪճ
Ȼɲ⣬ڷճǰЩԲճ㲻֪أɱУȴֻСܣֻճ㡣
ǫʱҲ˲ȭ֣ȴȻ޺ΡճĿ¶׹⣬ǲ֪ƣһ㣬һԶҲࡣ
һ򶷺׼ʱһסճһֻ֣ͬʱ󱳹ȥճ
׿ۼֿ죬Ѹٽճֱϣ˸ᣬǰ˼ȦװֽŶסԶ
ȴԲⲼԼճ˵ֱ΢΢ǫֻһסһֻ֣׿û˵һرסճȡ
ĸ໥Ͼ׿ظܵ˴ճϴȣﰵ룬ճĸǺεȵļ尾
˿Ʋסʱˣȡһ룬ճüĴһ¡
ⷢˣйһ˲ȥˡ

 20 

׿ţԽĲģճѾʱˣҲûʲôδճ㷢һʵģʲȻֻصⲽڴܸϽ
ǫҲţ϶Ϊ࣬һǫ϶ûЦ⣬ﾡǵǣͿɿճĲԲֹۡ
μҽأ׿˸ɸˣӵ㣬ܼҾˡ
Ϊ˲ճĲɢȥ׿ȥԷԼſţֲֻñ׿ųԺӡ
һǫ˳ƴеļ磬˵үôȻͷأ
Ҳ⣬ֻҡͷһηǰַսϣճȻǣɱ䣬ųҾӪ˵зǧˣʧȥǺһȵҲ֣ƣ˹ȥ
Ǵηճʹ֮Լ
ǫеļ磬ҽʵڲ˽ķΧ¾ֻܿˡ
ǳ˺Ժõķߣ߹ڳƣǫϵ֣˳Ƴ˳Ķ㣬үǲֹϵ
üֹϵֹϵ
ǫ̧ͷ㻹ľԴһҹˣʲôϵ
ŶлȻ˵ֹϵ
֪Ӧ˵ģֻҡҡͷҲ֪
ǫΪдӲ˵ѵģ˵Ĳ֪ǲĵò
˵үǲΪ࣬ȥ׵ģ
һʱû˼·ǴĵóĽۣ
ǫСҧ䣬㿴޹ģһͱүսڣҿǸүô꣬ʲôʱǸĹǿຮ֮أƯﻹеİɣǰͻϲŮģڿˡ
ԽԽЦֻܽҧźԼ
˵˵еû
ƫƫǫĵֻ÷ܵĵͷǴһˡ
ǫһЦֳϾԶ󽫾֮Ůүǲǲ̫أ
мΪϵİοİɣүзִġ
ǫûóҾб˵үΪ˰ȡ
˭뵽ս绽ɱ񣬾ȻǸ䣿
׿컹֪ǫôһñſڣվⲽ·Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãڴ˶
ڽˣ׿æ˽ȥ
һƿ齷ȥͼճϰкȥĺۼ
һ룬ͷ׿ѾסѪʱˣһˣһѨԹţȥҩ
׿æͷ֪ˣҰɡ
꣬Щƣ˳ȥ׿󣬽´ϣȻСػص¡
ͷ̽̽ǹ̵ģƷҲֻʱѹƣҪҩ׿챾Բ˽Ĳֵ࣬Ĳ֢͸ûͷȻЩɥһΪʲô޴롣
ոշˣ˱ȥסûһ취ճⲡʱǲģҪȻҲк漸Ĺ⾰ˡ
˼ţϵ˽ëһᣬ۾
׿Ѿû˳ɫЩ׵į}ˡ
үһȷǲѾָǡ
ճӻǰһƬãǸоһŻǻȼգȼɢÿһƼܣܡ
ǰ󣬹ճһϤգգۣϳࡣ
׿ϲЦⴳ۵ףүоô
ճ㻹ЩѾԽյϢڵԼ
ЦϣüĵĻδļչƽճָƽٱס¡
׿оճڶæסԹţ˵Ѩλүгơ
£Ͳ
ճ¾
룬Ƶû˵㣿
׿ҡҡͷﷺһ˿ۣûУүû˵ҡ
²ⶨһηȻαʱסϴϴأʱûָܰǣ˵޹ˡճ˼ôأ֪ԼĲܵǣָöôأ
Ȼеһ̸£ճ㵱ʱδ̹ʵ飬ǹ˶ôճﾡǱ񣬵ʱֻΪȻ㡣ЩԼģɱ¾Լȴֿһ汻ܡ
׿˿ûĲûġ
ճĵ͵Ц£۾ɺÿĻȣǰοģûˡ
˶Ѿˣ˵û£
׿֣ϵĵ˵ͷȴһ㶼ֹۡӣճⲡͻĺ֣аʱҩģΪκȻͿƲסˣ
ҸᣬúճĲûа취Ρ
һǫг˷Сˡ
ճȥԷԼԹԵڴɺá
ǫյߣһļüŪۣСүûԭڡ
ţԵʣĿڣ
ǫָָԷ׿죬ǶѾ֪ˣмҵүļɲһ㣬ү¶մС
ճ㱻Ļˣʲô¶մ
̲סһԱЦʼһ棬ǫֳЦˡ
ճ㲻ʱһҩˣ׿æкûڵ࣬ҩ˹
ҲûܾߵǰΧŵ˸ϵһȥճ֣ϡ
ϵı׿Ҳ˿֪һ̣ǴӮˡ
ιҩ֮Ա㻤
׿챾չ˵ģϾһŮܱҪϸİɣȴ⵽ľܾ
˵˭¶У㲻С
ϸ⻰ʲô˼ճҲһԸ͵࣬ȥϢɣо͹ˡ
Ҳֻա
˶ȥһѵӣճ߰á
ճĿ񣬺̾˿
ʣүôˣ
Ц£ڣҵ񡣡
к޹գգۣǸ㻤ΪҪⱻͷԹ
ۿճЦԽԽε̾үٺ˼ȥҪˣС룬Ǽ춼ˡ
һȻҲЦˡ
춯ˣǿôܵסأ

 21 

׿һһߵĳԺӣճĲֻ־һ飬ͷţûע⵽õĶ
˿ôĲɵİԼӹȥˣЩߵĺιСүôãң
׿̧ͷע⵽ӣôˣ㲻˯Ÿ
Ťĺһǵ㣿ĥĥģҲ֪ʲôãҽȥˡ
׿ЦЦûôŤСǵĵģ˵Ļȴһ㶼Ϸ
ҸƤ𣿡
һ죬ҿڳǧڣǾͲڣôĲɵģΪ㺦أЦ,𣿡
׿Цſָͷ£ãҲû£ȥ˯ɡ
ƫͷȥȴû㿪һȴûҪߵ˼
£ʡ
֧֧죬һ㰾˲һ룬ڳһֱСأҪҪȣҪҾιȥˡ
׿һЦ˳⺢ôܱŤôɰ
ҺҺȣлӺͿš
ﰲЩҽ˶˵㷿ȥ
׿ůůģһȻˣû뵽Ҳһӣھı֮Ȼһȥˣʵο
ӺͿͺˣеĸ
üЩ˼ʱͷϣ˵ҲȻĸɱĸף˵ʲôأ
׿ִļϣ˳۵С뿪òˡ
ĵ֣ԼСү㣬ңҲѾСˣ
ϡ׿Ʋ죬첻ȻӲˣУӺҲЦţѸڳϾһ£ӣ
㣡ܻҪ˴
׿磬ܿˡ
һʱ䣬ĺԺֵ
վס
Ҳ
׿࣡Ҹƴˣ
ִ򲻹ҡԡ
һҹΣճ۾ʱ׿Ѿá
ҩҲ֪ʲô䣬ڶ˱´߶ˡ
үɻвʣ
ճţڸл԰תһȦһȦûвʡ
׿꣬ҹճ˯úãȴ˯òãԺǸֳճĿʶˣȵӡҹĲ˲ҪȻ⼸յľҲȷʵѿס
¾һ֮£ϺĪѰ
Ҫ˵ʿΪȻ˴ᣬٹģ¶ĪѰȴֹۣϽаնΪǶĪѰŽģأڰڳҾڣϺʲôٰȴڶ
㲻õκү𣿡
ճʱﻹɻǰϽãҲԴ½˵飬ȴţԼδ
׿̾˿үΪֻҪҰŹȥϽվͻŰɡ
ճ㴹ȷΪĪѰϽնΪй
ô죿
׿ﵹиķӣֻǻȱһͣճ㱻ΪһڶĪѰ뵱գ֣Ǿ°빦ˡ
ճ˼һ
׿ͷôף¶ǿġ
ǵδءճЦ£ģ¾ͽɱɡ
үа취׿Щϲ
˵Цҵռˡ
ڶ죬îʱ̣Ҿ
ǶĪѰӣҲǳҾضӡ
ٰϣһţнֵߣи߾ٳҾĲֲС
м䣬ϺļҶǣ̧ŵĶĪѰ̵˫˹餡վڶǰŵǶĪѰͷһТͷТñһš
ʵ壬˶μ˺ͳҾ־һͺүһ̵ͨգ˵μĺֽʿĸ᲻ĺ
îʱ֣̫״ԾȾɰ졣
׿üʱ䵽ˣûԸ顣
ճһڹ餺һʾʽʼ
׼õϽףлʱߵǰһͨһдʣϽ/еİʽ
ڴ׵̧Źн
нǹ쳹ٰϿա
׿ע⵽ʹûа飬˴򿪴Ͽ̲סճ㣬֪׼ʲô
ճ㵹Ҳûżӣڵȴʲô
ֱ˳ǣ׿תſڣǧڣһͣ
˵ҲǧˣΧѾںõĶĪѰ֮
ÿ˵ϱ鶼Ϊѿ׿쵱ȻΪЩģ෴ȼյĳ޻棬ֱҪɡ
⡭׿췸ѣϽնԶĪѰĺѾز
һ֣Щ˾ΧʱȵصĺϽˣ
ǣ
ϽˣЦظǿûеϽһȴø޴³
ԽӶУ׿ǣȥɲǰ취
ٿһԵճ㣬У׿̲סʣүô죿
Ǹӣģ޲þЩ˵Ķ䣬һʣı
ճȴƽĵٵȵȡ
ǰûоϽ£֪ڵʲôճȴ֪ʱ򣬸˵ǳˡ
ȻƬ̣һͷɴñˣȺƹ餣ߵճǰ
¹μү
Ͻʮǵĸĸ٣һҲڴ˰ϰʮҪĽɫ
ճһˣǣҳء
Ǹİӣ˿̼ճ㣬һֺõЦճûҲŵ
ˣճԴǺ֮ʱ㣬Ϊأֵ¸ҹ
Ǹɫˣճ㲻æֺ֮ˣ
үǣ¹¹ʵϽգֻү֮ʱ¹ٱͽ̱ڵϣ޷ǰӼݣүƽϽ֮ң¹лүǰү𷣣¹پԹԣ
ճЦһһף͹Űɡ
ûԤλүǸӲԵüһ˿Σת˫һ죬ӲıƳ
ͷôһģү¹ٹ޷ǹҲүһյɣΣﳼĪѰڴˣ
һǧˣ̸Ź
Ⱥ룬ĪѰڴˣ

 22 

ճ㿴ǰĳһ
ʱ뽫չĶĪѰʬǣٰǣҲ⵽ľܾ
Ͻգǰ˵ﳼ֮ǣȾϽء
ʱ֪Ͻһս飬ƫ̻ĪѰҲ˵һ俪ѵĻһ׿֮ʱ֪һˡ
ˣк֤֤κүﳼ
ͷ͵仰أүϽ֪ĪѰΪһȴᣬȥϽ飬ָɶƽţһʱȼãĪѰ֮¡ʱ˵ϽȴȥЩʳ
ĨᣬʱҲ֪ôϣĻƷ˰ǧȥʳ˭֪ĪѰ֪ʲôЭ飬ʯʳϽģǰǧȫϺ򸮣ʱĪѰر뱻ֵĲʳԴ˵ǳ͢ľΪΪ͢ǣȴֻΪ˷ƶѣ
Ѫˣͷҧ۾ܵγѪ
ճֹʾ˵
ţԭΪĪѰ̰ӣΪϽʳҲ㹦£ȴ룬˱䱾ǰ¹٣˵ֱһʳ׼ǣг׼ǧûӣֻȥò״չǮûǵĸʳ֪үã
׿ĮĿһɺԣ©ٳ
ңͷɴñģްԣϽĲΪ¹֤
һ䣬Χ۵İʱվЩ׷ױʾȷʵ
㣬˽̻֮£֪ģȻ֪ˣΪβࣿ
͵һۣ㲻׼ճ˵ݣΪǸ㹧Ļش𣬡ǲ֪ģڵһʱż˵һ£ģ˵һû뵽ǶĪѰĸ˵죡ʱֻȰȺڣϾ˼
Ͼ˼Ϊڶʱ㻹ǲࣿ
ʱתʱĪѰв˵ǰԼβǮ룬ǻߵԼ⽫ƻѺҲ𰡣
Ŷ׿ĮЦˣôνͣȻԼٱϽκүһ˰֮ˣΪѳ
ЩңΪΪǶĪѰ֮⣬˶֪ĪѰΪ飬Ҿ裬Ų߻֮£ĪѰƽȥϽܴ˴٣ĪѰֿǹţȻ׷һҲѱ˿ΪԼҵĳƺţҲöﶼᡣڲۣĪѰļزܳɣϽȫ˴κƽ٣ϱҪΪ֮𣡡
á׿Ӧţֻú˲˼ˣſں߶˵ͷͷǵ̲סȲˡ
Ծ䷢Էθ֮ģɼ
ƨĹ֮ͽ׿һע⣬˿浱κүûˣ޶֤ݣ
ңϣûݣ
׿һӻͳһƽľϻˣ֪ʲô𣿡
ľϻɲһ˲ʧ׿װǺү˾Ͻһµţүľţһ׮׮һּֽǵͷβûаᵽ㻹˵ûݣ
ȻûϵЩŻܿס񣬱粵ĪѰ볼һ£ǵ˵ģô£Ȼ򵥵˵
ãǵ˵ܷϸ˵ʱص㣬Ա˭Χ۵ˣǣЩˣ˭ۼκүǮˣ
˱ʵһ㶣֮ȷʵУҲȷʵǴϺ򸮵ţҲ׿˵ûۼμǰǮ
һ˿ңĪѰȻǮȻҪԼժɾ
ҿԼժúܸɾⲻģ鲻ɵģôҲõģϺ򸮻ֻ˲ɣ
ⲻǸöԸĿתճϣָһͷү죡ްٻ
ûճһȣôͣ
ȥ֪ʲôʱͽһӳ׷˳װżӣ󻹸һվ˸ͷˡ
ͷߵճһݣүѲۡ䣬ǧܺʮ⣬м¼ıһ£ìͷϺϸ򣬳Ѿʹ˶ʦүпʣ־Ѳү䣡
ĿȻȻת׿춼Щȣ˵Χ۵Ⱥˣ׷۲ֹ
ŸʦүվѾûӣһӾͻˣסڵϿͷү죡ԩԩ
ճȴϵһĿһۣͣȥѺ󡣡
ǣ
ԩԩԩүԩ
Ѹٵıϵ˶֮׿쾪δĲͷճ㣬үôȻ
ܾãճ
˹һЦ⻹Ĺͣ㷢ǷţҲ⡣
˵ʵ飬ŵĳ֣ճʶǰ˹⽫Ÿˣ˭ҪסһأȥֻϺˮǱҹǰȥѲ飬ȻϣΪɣ˽һʺְƵѾ˵ĶĪѰϡ
ԵȻָʹģȻżδἰĻ˵֣ճҲѲ£Ǹ˭
ϾǰڵǰѶһˣֻһα麫Զ
ү׿컹лʡ
ճüΪɡ
˵գױҡеտĳǽԵø
ͷվǰĿɫ̹ȻĿΧȺ鶼λջҪϺ򸮵鳵𣿡
ɫǱǱֹĪѰģʱб䣬ȻǸˣһӲ֪ôˡ
ʱ鳵󷽸һȺˣеТеͷϵ׳Ϊ׵ĲǱˣʦ詣һϮ£ϵһɫ
ֱߵĪѰĹ餱ϣϾݵֲƵķ׸ǣһʱʡ
ˣҲ½½Χ˹ִ̧ľϡ
ֻһ飡˲䱻̧
޴Ⱥˣһҵ˷話ߣ˼Ͽ˶ĪѰȻﲻٻɣһʱѣ׷ԣóһ·
鳵ǰδʽ
ˣ̧ŶĪѰĹ餣һһǧڣķߣ׿쿴˼ů⡣
һүڿԺİһˡ
Ȼһ죬ԶӦһӥХ
׿׷ſȥֻֻΪС׵ĺ࣬ųɰǧѹѹһȺӥɰո鳵ϿͣסΪƣѹ˴
ӥȺĳ֣˲еĿ⣬Ⱥкķһź񣡡
ӥȺֹֻӥ󣬺Ŀʹ
ΪϽ
Ͻ֮أΣԵ˷׷׹ڵأָͣ
С뿪飬չڹУצӶڹľϣĿᶨǰѾɵһһֻӥ￴Լĸס
ԽԽӥȺХһཻ㣬ӦѾӵּʽ
̧˽֮Уճ˵һ
һ䣬һֻӥͿ£Ӱһ
ǵڶڶֻͿڶ
ȻǵֻͿ

ڳ֮޲Ϊ֮ݣип֮棬ӱϣ£˫ţһһ㣬Ҫˣᡣ
ǰɵˣڿ詷飬Ҳû˴ǰİԹΧӱϣѧŶӣۺͱλܾϺ
׿Ҳ̲סʪۿĨ˰ᣬǼô˾ֻǸп
𣬶ĪѰϽʮصĹ͡
𣬶ĪѰΪΪʢ
𣬶ĪѰҹĺ顭
ˡ

 23 

һأⳡ˶ֹ
׿ǰΪȥϵᣬˣˡ
ⳡʢǸϺϽһͶҲǻ춼Ǹ͢һ
ͷ˶мѿ޳ˣΪĹϵ¶ȥ͸һ̡
׿ͶĨĨϵᣬ¶˸ɬЦݳ׿ӡ
׿찲ο䣬ϳţ˳ȥ
֪Ҫʱƽ顣
߳ҾѾٺã׿ǰȥлͽ˵ڳһһҵţΪүϴԩм
ǱˣҾڷһչյıԶ
һУ˽ᣬس·;ƽգûرȥ¼ģֻһ£үСĹϵھдԽ
죬Ҿٽ춼ǡ
ճԸȻسӪԼҪŶϽܽʥ׿ȻţҲԼĴ㣬ճϽܽض䶯֪ˣҪȥ˵飬ø׿Ң֪ǰȥסͷֲ֪ǳ˻ϡ
ŸУҪؽȥҵ㲻ظˣæȥɡ
˵꣬׿ۣж
һ룬Ȼһ˻˾ţսЩ
̼䣬սڴܳһƥɫѪٶȷɿ졣һ毺õŮӣĵЦ
׿һʱ俴ĳߴ׳˶ΪϲǼȴûҪͣ˼ֱŽֱС̯̾ʹ˹ȥ
Ǻȴʲôˡ
׿һʱûס˳ȥֱǼ˵Сϣ˱һ£һϷļվȡ
һ˫Ҵŭ⣬վڽ֮ϣһĸ۵ģ
׿߽´һλʲƽ˼ҵŮ⺹Ѫ֪λ󳼼ҵǧ
ɹ涨нɼС
˿׿죬üһָ˹ýҵģ
׿ԼĽ²ؽûѽ̷ֱŻ𣿡
зִ磬õ£
ʱǹĸһλӣһŸһָ׿죬㡭ëͷСӣҴǹ
׿һ㶣ϺʱôһŮˣʱӦûõġ
ѽ׿ЦԼͿ춼ڿɲһλǵϹ׵޹
ǹͿΪΪ׿쿴һʢ˵ӣȻʹ˵еһ裬ҪȢôһλ֪Ҫܶ
㻹Ͽǹ
׿Ц£ƾʲô
ǰɣɷ涨м𺦰ߣ嵽ʮȻûüʵʵƻѾʹ̷ܵ˾ţǵȥ̲
!˲Ǹָ
һ޾ͻ˳ȥֱ׿š΢΢һƫͷ
ţִܣٷʮ
Խ˵ԽµıӣӵԽ׿첻òרӦıӣҪǱһ£ɲġ
ǴһԵӵǻҲѣģİ
һ˲׿Ľϣţֲ£˭Ҳò
ʱӺ󷽴࣡
һͷл𼱻ǵĸ˹ôˣ
ߵߣС׿ѾȥӪˡ
ʲôˣͷϢôôͨǲǲʱҵӪȥˡ
Уҵסߡ
׿иҪҪ죬Ҳû˼λˣϾһɣǱӱȥѸٷһУһ𳯳ǵķ˹ȥ
޹һ䣬Ѿˣһӳڵϣ쵰
ϰˣǻǸϿ빬ɣүѾϽˣ˵۲ȱ
˵ıӰ֪֪ʲôˣ
һۣūŲ֪빫ַʲôˣǸģ׵ģӦǳҾˡ
Ҿ࡭
׿ʱѾſ˳ǣֱӪ
ӪĽʿеϿУֱͺ˶˴г
λ׿ǰȥΪϤҲûйףֱʣ׿󽫾أ
һ٣󽫾ߣû𣿡
ˣ׿̾ûϣӣǳˡ
˿˲üôˣǳʲô𣿡
ûСεЦЦһƳۣһͷȴӵˡ
ĬĬĿһ£СߵλǸϽҲϺүսµˣϡȻˣȻӪܽͷүҪ༸־ġ
Ŷճ㶼µˣĿۣϽȻ壬ͦΣŲΪ˶ɢǿ
æһ𣬱ϹϾ
۾ɨϣүյС
׿죬Ҿ䣬ҡ
ã˵꣬ˡ
׿쿴У˵ϽҪʲôҲֻҡҡͷʾϽ˼ɲ²͸
һֻøڸһֱߵ䳡
ʱֵ䳡пţΧвϢˣһˣ˲伯ϳɷӡ
μ
ڰ֣ɢˡ
ǣ
׿ߵһս̨Եıϣ˸˳ӧǹе£ǹˣ𣿡
׿ȻԭҪĹ彣ǽ˳֡
áĿɨȥѳӧǹУʹ
нӹȴЩѣϽ⡭̫ðɣ
üʲôõģȥ򣡡
гٳδҪд裬Ҳ̫Ϊˡԣ׿춨Ķ֣ҪǷˮһᱻҪǵۣһôүأ
ϽҪǵү
ʲôлδ㱻ϣֿŽ׿죬үô꣬߶ֻһ֪Ϊʲô
׿ҡͷȷʵ֪
Ϊ˶ʸ񣡡
׿ȻüԽûʸ𣿡
û
áת϶ս̨νһָУͽ̣

 24 

ȻѾ˵ϣҲƾܣֻǹ̤˶ս̨
䳡ΧϢ˼Σ£׷Χ˹塣еӪ˭֪ʹûڶս̨ϰܹ
ٿˣ㣬޳ͦΣȴӪе˶ְСûʲôøУԻδʼ˲
вҵŸˮֻ࣬ġ
һ˲䰲ࣿǸ˯үеС𣿣
û룬Ⱥкը׿컹Զ֪ǫǸ͵ЩãȻĿһȦΪʲôȺ˺Ȼͻ˸ΪϬ
üĥʲôʼɣ
ʱΧȺһ󺰣һ£
˲ʮӣһɫ䳤ۣڶƹߣϵһƽһɫͨ͸壬ͬĿһ峺Ĳһ˿ʡ
׿ȥͷڣһ˫ĽĨϵڶǰüӢĿɢŶĳ
׿ǵǰ̫ڼ꣬Ϊǳα麫ԶĶӣûмǴһͬãΪ졣
̫ϲں󹬼Ρ
̨Χ׿תһȦüһЦֵܣҪãⳡԶǷҴˣò״ˡɱܣָ̧УЦòá
ɫƵĿһӣÿ
Ըһлֱ˵帵һŬ죬ϣλСֵܣģ϶򲻹УֺαرأҺйУҵ춼˴ˣεң
˵˭أ׿ﲻ⣬Ȼô׳СҲϰ˲ġ
üϷҪΪǼȻҪүߣͱҪܵס
Ŷ£׿۹ⶼ˱䣬үյС㣿һ£ЦǲЩԵģôһҲˡ
ʲô˼׿쾯ʲôԣʲôôһҲˣ
ֱۣЦҲûʲô!ҪҸ򣡡
һһ֣Ը֮ãеĺӧǹ˺ͣͣ
ƺҲûв˼׿쿴̨µ˶һֵı飬֪һǲˣγ񣬡Ǿ뺫Ӵͽ̡
һеǹ˵˵
䣬׿ȷˣӧǹڰײ˶óԴĸ⼤ңȦʿ俴УҲ۵ı
׿췴һƽɽһɳ˷âԣ㱼ѹʮУ˿һռϷ硣
һ߿ţһ΢΢ͷ˼еҲ棬Ȼ֪׿칦Ҳǵһο֣Χ۵ˣ˿˷֮ˣʱƽкãʱȸԾ
׿¼ת۾һһǹһɨ㽣ֱ˵ĺȥ
˿Ҳǹһշڳؼѽӧǹ//ֱ׿š
ৡ
һһǹڿв
ͬʱһ٣һס˱
Ľͣĺ
ǹ۾ǰ
ãΧ۵ȺУҵź
ĬĬĵͷ
Σǹ˳ִڵϣ۴Ц⿴˸ƽ֡
׿Ҳѽջؽʣһ񣬡лͽ̡
İڰ֣ǰһļ磬ôԺǾֵˣ
мֱ֣ʱð亹æһǸƽ֣ô
һۣæɿվã׿ϽһɡʵӦѾþˣҪУһʤ㶼ûС
Ͻ֣Ŀӥһĳ׿ࡣ
ڣ
ҪӪʼѵ
ѵȷУԼ񴳻ˣ˾Ӫô˸ˣҲ֪ճˣô顣
ã׿ȴЩ˷ܣӪѵʹϿİɡ
Ӫнϵͳѧϰѵ֮õģҪԼԸһҪ
Ц£УҿԵġ
үǡ
ȥ˵׿գգۣҲүģ
һҲЦļΪģ̫ˣһѵѧϰˣ
׿Ц⣬ãָ̡
·ϣһֱ̾׿ֱЦüġ
ԥԥ˵룬Ӫж֮أݣʵڲó֪ԼǲǷ˴ѽ
׿첻Щѹ˵£ѵŮûȨս
һȻŮֻӣȴǺᵶ
күΪƫˡ
ŶΪΣ
Ϊ
⻰վû˵ڵģΪ£ⴧӵ飬ֻΪСճһ𳤴󣬶Ĺ˽һЩ
ǫһ仰˵ǶԵģΪຮ֮أƯﻹеġ
౱׵ʤ˼ҶзŮףƫƫճ˹
Ĺǵصĸ׻Ź壬޵౱ȴûһÿճ졣
Ļشֻһ䣬Ե֡
Ϻүһľӣڳϣү˺ܶΡ
ҲףΪճǲɿڣϾЩŮĺ
ֱһĳżȻ俴ճһƣ˼ͤһҹ
ճǰģѾԻģǱˣǻеִŮӡ
ǸŮӾϣǰţнĻζšвԾЦ£Ϊճ㿪ġ
ү˶ˣ
ֱ˺ţ׿ɳ˷һϿ˵Сӡ
ȣ㿴ճһԺվãѾڽ԰еķ羰
ճ㳤˿֣
Ļ޷ܵħ׿Ż˲ӣ˹ȥү
ճһЦ˻ȥˣ
ģůůģһ׿ȻĻס̲ס룬֣ųûãȴôģδ˵ǰԵһ
ҪǰôǵĶ϶ŤĲ˼ճ㣬һжôȻ˿ΪѻǽӲ
ӵñ˴İ

 25 

˾ԺˣֺȻ׿죬˿Ҳֻܶڷ͵Ц
ȥˣһ顣
׿ԴճļͷҪȥҵģûµ
ճ㸧ͷЦ£׿˹Ͻܴؽȥˡ
ؽȥˣ׿쾪ȣҵڵǰû˵ûǻ
оϵһᣬճεĹǳЦֱȦסϸ֫ûУ׿ֻ½Ͻܽչ˶ѡ
ŴˣģϽ£źڣ˭ҲܹڿϽȻҲ֪һָʹģطˣĻ˶âš
ү֪ϣɻΪμ˵𣿡
ճЦ£뵽ؼ⻰ȴڽܣȻߣǽȥ˵
ճĺڶģ׿ܲĲѣ·Ʈı˷
ֺѾ˽ӷƲˣ˺һԣЦһ²үĸˡ
׿ж彣УʣڸйĿɺã
Цŵͷ۾ճ֮еĵ٩֮ⲻԶ׿ԴüŪ۶˻ȥ
СѾͷԽԽˡ
ĳֱźһ˳ȥһأ׿첽ǰŶճ˵˵ʲô
ճȴŲæʰӣΪ˲ˣҪĻҪ˳ѺѾ춼ǣյϾΪϽ֮𡣡
ǿ϶׿Ӧţ֪Ѿ¶˸ָμңǵ˵Լһģ
ճͷû˵˳ϲûй׷𡣡
ȻˣΪβŶμҽܻϽȥ
ճüһأ֮ڵϣΪμ˵˲ֻһᵽ˶ԶϽܵİš
˭
Զ
飿׿쾪ɵμʲô𣿡
ճҡҡͷ
׿㣬ǰλӡ󲢲ֻ֪֮࣬ӣ̫ͻ飬Ȣǳ䳡ĺĶӡ
λԵ޹ΪҪϽ춼ǣǱģǵв̣׿ŴǱģô¶μҽܣΪ˷ƣҪȻϽᷢ
һѵָʹˣǺԶ𣿿ɶʲôأ
ôã
ѾȥϽϸ˰Ųúͻ£κү֮Ҳܰˡ
׿̧֧򦣬ֻǲ֪Ļָʹ֮ˣܱܲǲݲݽ᰸˶˹ȥԺӣҲ̫ƽһתЩ̽ζүúԶ᲻Ļ֮ˣ
ճ΢΢һһȷ
׿йΪճܸ϶Ĵ𰸣үǲԥĶ
ȻµˣճЦ£Ǻ꣬¶β
ү˵ǡ׿ֻóһЩµȷǼġ
һùţ裬˵һ˵үѾķԸϴˮˡ
ϴϴ裿
ճ΢΢ͷһֻ׿죬ˣ߰ɡ
˺һһϴ𣿡
㲻룿ճżֵЦһ˫۾Ƕش
׿һʱһϴҪ
ûشճ͵ǡ롱ˣִŵǰ·׿챻ںţֹס
һ͵ԡרŸճҩԡĵطҩƮ˱׿ЩϤңǽճĵһ棬ʱϾζ
ճԡȴڷܶô׿ߺ˼֡
ճǰţӦһ㣬ֽ˽Ц˺˼ʲôһܿˡ
ۡ׿齩סԼŸ
ƿԡţһů׵˳ҩŨӭһչͼ磬ƹǹసǽžš
ǰɫɴΧɵԲοռ䣬ɴǸһɿԡء
׿ճƹ磬֮ϡ
ǸоĽţճָָԡ˵Ͻһзˣרŵĵҩԡ
һ˵ˣ׿뵽ճĲ췢֮ҲûҵúճĲǲˡ
ճɴᣣ˽ȥԡﷺ׵ҩð˺˳ˣ׿򴽣Ŀҩζ
үҾͲ˰ɡ
Ͻʪ඾һݣġ˵̧ȥϵŵĳǺߣǾʹݣЧҲеġ
˵ˣ׿ûѣֻѵ£Ƚԡء
һҩоһ굽ÿһ缡뵽ѪҺУЩյƣȫж¡
Ȼеϲָоˣ̧ͷʱճҲѾ˹/׵ƤҩƵķ졣
һʱհճյһƷ˿ŵĲ֪۾÷ĵӣЦôˣ
ǰǻӱòѣ׿첻˿֮ǰ׽ʱ򣬶ڵϹģҲ̫ΣܶǺյһ˿һĲᱻ֣˭ܵסѽ
ֻŬεߣ뵽»ûü׿תʱ۾޴ɷŵľȡ
ȥӪˡ
ճ᲻֪˼ֻǵЦδˮµ֣˳ʣȥ
ȥҵģûµ˵ԼӪ˸ˡ
ŶճһЦϸ˵
׿鲢ïذѰ췢ѧһ飬һ˵һֹӪĵֺͦһ˵ҾյС񲻷Ƶģ
ճ֣⣬Ȼܺͺƽ֣ǻϿġ
׿켤̧֣ˮɽķڷ
ճ㻺˻Ӫѵɣˣ
׿Ŀϵı鼫Ϊ棬ү֪֮ԲǶϷ˵үսȻҪЩѵкѣһҶкվүأ
δʩ죬˿̷ٻж࣬ȴᶨ
ճУļ磬˻жǳʪ˴׿Ķ
˵ҵ㲢սһ졣
׿첻Ц˵ļ˵ĺʵ˵Ļ˺
ս
žͽĶ

 26 

ڶһ磬׿㴩ȥӪбΪ˲ۣûкճһ
սѵǫͲֻʵĴ˳һһߴУ̫֣
׷һŮһ龫֡
ŮŶɫװͷϱͷıӣһܶԺһһεģƤɰ
ǫվס
˷ɿĴ׿ӹϳŮǺͬú
ôڴӪأ
˼ţͷ˻ͣ׿ǰ¿һ顣
Һû㣬Ǹ˵ǸֲС𣿡
׿ͷʲô𣿡
üŭ࣬һҪ˵ʵϽһУǫǲմǲˣ
׿Ȼûϵô죬Ȼ⡣
ǫҲ۷עԼݣ⣬߲߰
һ˫գգʲôߵģһԼδ𣿡
ֱţ˭δ򰡣һϵûУ
ǫ¶һ˿˵ı顣
ۿ˾Ҫ׿ƤֱǫǳĻӣ춼ݵĸ輿ĺ֪ǰ䲻ʶǫҲλ£ɼŮ֮ϣ⡣ֻȴδ˵ǫļŮף˵Ǻλ볤İŮˡ
˿̺۷ӣѾáϲһ׽ˣжడ
׿Ц£οﲻصģ˴Ͻ֮ʱȣ۾ʦæھϾմǲݵġ
ɫЩ˵ģ
Ȼ϶ĵͷ
һͷŰ۵ˣҽһ£ǿô£
ģǫε߹һִϺļ磬۾ֱֱĶС㣬Ҷ˵ˣģģģ
ĶҲСڻ𣿡
ǫգգۣⲻǸպȱһӦӦѣȻȥҾͰˣòã
ĵԼϵ֣߷ߵ㣡Ժϲ˵Ķ
˵꣬һƿǫԼ첽ѵ
Զǫһݵظǲǲ𡭡
׿̲סЦһడ
һĺãͻȴժ
֪࣬˭𣿱ͳǧ𣬺ͬãĺݣ
׿װȵüŶ˵ĻԼôһ°ҿﲻ㻹ͦĵġ
ԼǫȫǸ
ֻһκͺƣ̾ԼãЩԣ׵ý˸˳ȥΪ˻ˡ
ǫʹ˵ʲôãԺҪǼ޲ȥȢ
֪ôʹ˺ĶСĬĬɸ¡
֮󣬺׵ýˣûһܿŵģ˾˻û˸ȥˡ
˭֪ǧڵһ۵ˡ
ƫƫ۵ģǸûĵˡ
ǫ׿ô˵æ־ܾʹãһ£޸ܡ
£·תȻ׿ļȷʵδûʲô˭˵׼ճ㲻ҲĳΪ˷
Ȼǫ̸׿ҲûȤĬĬת˻⣬ѵʲôӦòøŴѵɡ
һʦȻǲѵѵֿôܴ
ǫһɨոյƣüȻ㰡
׿ʱ֪ԼͺԴƽ֣ڳҾĺ䶯һʮʮ٣Ӫһء
ԭʹү˽˸òС˵С汾£ĸۿ
ǫȻҲһԱ֪׿ҪѵʹһƫƫǸľͷһҩϣֻԼ֡
׿üֻǺ;еһѵʲôÿģ
ǫЦһ£ߣһ֪
ʱѵѾۼˣǫ˵ЩʱҾеľӢǸһģպЩ˾ǳҾδ
Ǽǫˣ׷ʺã۾ȴԵ׿죬е̽ζԶ
ûһżͷ˹Ҳ󡣽λүǵ͵˲٣ֻ˼īɫûд񣬵Ȳ
һ˹
ӡ׿й
֣˵ֵܣ㻹ôң
׿һЦͬòöôԸһޣô졣
ҡ͵̳
ȴĻش𣬲ײļ磬ٽкҿˣҽкֶУǲܽкӰүģ𣿡
һˣ׿ֻõͷ֪ˣ֡
⻹ࡣЦ
һѵҽʿжӣָָߵλãʾ׿찤վ
˫ֱŵĽͷҲȥԼλá
ճѵ
ǣ
һ磬׿춼æ󷨡ȻѵȻӲ׻Щ裬ҪǺԱָԼˡ
׿ͷ۵ѵٽصĴʯ𣬵ҪˣʵΪѡ׻ǸŮȻ书ϲˣʵʵȴֻջ۵ѵܴﵽ
һ߿ʹҲҪ죬̲סЦ࣬㲻ֱ۷ֻĻգֿ϶Ӷò
òգ׿־Ѿˡ
Ͻǰסֱۣһ̾Ҳ̫˰ɣ
˵ţֶֻ䵽׿ļϣ󣬡࣡ǲǲ㷹԰첲ϳ˹ͷĻⰡ
׿ȻЦЦôţֻȥϽЩʱգ̫ƣͣһʱûϢãҡԼûˣⲻ⣿Ļʳأ
ĶЦʳôû
׿Լֱۣôûð
ҲΪŮӵ۹ԼģҲϸխʲôϵһ˵۹Լ񣬵ȷô
⣬ԺҪһЩϣǣ
ֱŷ׿Ҳûܳɹһδʯοµ׿Ҳ֪ãԹԵ֣ȥԷ
ӪĴȻȲڵľӢţʳĹѾӪбȽϸߵģǼ࣬׿쿴ۣѵһ༸ͰðȺİ硣
ʿǶŶ࣬׿ͺڶм䣬ҲζֱС
׿ЦˣҴûôڴԷ
ҲЦ˰ɣһͶԵ㡣
ԼڿԳһͷţˣʵϵ쵽һʱ򣬲֪ºˣʯһǿܱǿġ
ӪԷȽ⣬һȺѵΧ߰˰ˣ׿ͺһ£ɳϣ˶¾ͽһ룬ȥڶ룬ֻǳԵ˹롣
ǿ´룬׿ͶˣҲһ֮ԣҲˡ
Ȼͣգգۣͳô㣿
εЦЦʵڳԲˡ
֪Ϊôˡ
ϣһʱϢ˾ɳϣҶ׿ǰͷԼֱۣＫΪƽǰڹеӣ֪϶ٱճһףƬຣΪһµ硣
ճ㡭ճ㡭ô죿ʼˡ

 27 

׿ɳϺ˼ţߺȻ˽ŲԽԽ̧ۿȥǼΪ׵˶ݡ
æվ񣬾˵㽣ֽ̼Уɷ񣿡
һԵĺҲվԼϵɳӣְ׿ģſˣ˫ǲ־˲٣ȴ
ȴûͺӣֶ׿һ顣
׿ҲǸˣͷ롣
øʱ䣬ߵʹ˫̣սó
׿΢΢ͷЩͿȻӱó°̣˫ϥں˼ơ
׿Ҳҵ̴γ彣
ΧϢΧ˹ʧһǫ˿Ҳ˹ü
ԭ˵֣
䣬Ѿֳ˫̳˹׿ֽӭϣڰнײʱ̳׿Ĳ˹ȥ׿ȥһֳɳأ˹Χ
˵û˫̶Сз䣬ǽսֲˡ˼䣬˫Ѿһֹƣ׿侲˺󣬱־룬ԽΪ㣬ɴ̡̡̡һѽóذס
ֻǰ񵲣׿Ľ죬ֲòǿ⣬ȴҲϾͻȻ׿㽣ڿնһߣż̤˫̷̤ƵһʱǰѾ˽档
׿һֱһִ̡
䡣
ã
Ⱥл׿Цսļ磬
δ䣬һվ˳Ҫս
ѵǾеĹӪʱҪ˵ս
׿첢ֻ֪Ϊ֮ǰҥ̫棬ԴҶ뿴ܱүϵСʲô֮
׿ԭϿ֮⣬Ȼճ˵ҪеѽǼס
ս֮õǴ󵶣ƴԸ򵥣ơ
Ҵ˵ĵԶûе磬ʮУͰ
˭򣿣׿Ѿʱ֣ˡ
䣬߳һ׳׿㣬ϢȣǸոռѶԸġ
δ𣬶̿򣬹׿룬˵ӲĹȫ˻˵еķʽҲ򵥣ӲܲסʵȻͿˡ
˽ѹʮУ׿ûҵȥȻݶһת˫޴ɶ㣬ֻֽܵȥǴٰٽأڽϵƬ̣׿һѽɳȥ
ӦˤڵϣĵãҪ䣡
˳ʤ׷˫׼׿һҲһ˫˲䣬¶
׿۾һУ˫һģ˳ڿն𣬷һţ¶˵°ϣ߷ɳȥ
ã
ȻӮˣӮòɡ׿츩𽣣ʹȻŽֶЩϽֻý
һж룺˾͸ǿ׿ֵܣû
ǰֽ̣£ûˣҪҲɣ
˵ûֹĳս׿˵̫ƽˣܻ֧һ̡
˼˵˻Ҳٶԣֻɨ˵ɢȥ
ǫһֱԱ߿ţδȥ˼Ŀ׿졣
˴ʲôأ
ǫΪʦ书ϵУֻٳ֡ο׿Ľ°ͣ˼
׿Ҳע⵽ı鲻ԣպýǰʣôˣ
ǫ̾˿࣬ĽǺ˭ѧģ
ĽǴСѧģʦ˭׿Ͳˡ
Һѧġ
ǫȻĵͷʣû˴ܰɣ
ܣ׿ԼʱҲ춼һԣȷǸļҶԺΪԼֵǼٵġ
ȷûС
ǫһģǾͶˣ
ĺͿʲô˼˵
ǫƲһЦոտд裬Ҿ;ﲻԣˡ࣬Ľ̫ˣ
أ׿üʾ⡣
ǫһ֦ʾ㿴ոһУնӮˣ
֦Ȼ׿ȴ棬ȷһûץסġ
Ҽˣûп㡣
ǫҡͷǣ̫أνӱ仯̫١ȱʵսйϵ˵Ľʮ㣬ɱպҪսɲȥ轣ģҪ˸ĨӵĶ
׿һδ˼⡣
Сʱĸÿһ׼̺ҪһԹɨĸǰ轣ڸǰ轣ֻϣƯÿû⽣Ƿ㹻ˡ
Ȼ˼ײײļ򣬡ʲôأǫͣ˵ˡ
˵ǶԵġ׿췴˼£ɳϣ־˸ݵ꣬սȥɱ˵ģȥ轣ġ
㻹Ҳ
ɵǫ̧ºƨɣôͲˣҿǴһˣ
ĸˣ˵ԼǴ˵ģ
ǫƨһţҲ֪˭ϰ춼ͷֻޣ
һ٣ƫͷһ˫۰ԹĶˣǰɣ
ŭĵץһѵϵɳӣʱ˲˹ȥȻóһ㣬ɿص㡣
ǫۼֿ쵲£Ȼһ죬ָѾܿˣ㡭ۡۡ
׿Цǰϣֻ͵˻ͯģû뵽ǫˣҲη
ѵ׷˴׿Цڵϡ
Ȼûɱеһ죬ԡ
Ժ䣬׿ֳֳҾľ죬սϼۡ
ԼѪ˿ڣȴޱȵļ㣬ǧսбûûκ赲ǰ
Ȼճ㣬ǻľͷ
ϵѾƣǰżֻϼų/ǹǿ֧ԼҪ¡
ɱþһ˿Ц
׿ʱ絶ʣֻܵĿһ㣡ٿһ㣡
վܲʱ䡣
һѳճ㱳󣬴Ŷ

ȻѣԭΡ
Ҫģһ£ͱĺһžδˣ˲ϵĺجˣûû£㿴յģº𣡡
׿컺˻һΣΣζѡ
Ц£û¾ɣүŵϹ޹ˡ
׿æվϵɳ
εˡ
ŵϹ޹
ţһ޹

 28 

ڴϣϹȻҪٰһд裬˵ʿгҾս޲ʤ񻰣Ȼܴ
ҲͬһܽϣҲ̽̽ϵĵס
ڴν裬Ͳ̫ƽг౱Ҳ໥ǣơΪӣǣһȫԸŻϽշսңǴ֮ʱϱʱʲô뷨ֻһˡ
ճ˻ϵŵϹӪιۣƫƫ޹ҲҪţɫƣ²׼Ͼʲô⡣
ѵʿѾк˶ӣճ׿Ӧ棬һȥȴûˡ
˷ӵڣճ׼ȥһˣʱһֱ޹˳
үҸˣ
ճһʲôˣ
޶ԼСʹ˸ɫ˱㰫ӳ˶ҿ
׿ϽͷϵСӣڴӪֻǸɺϣԼվվҲͶȥˣȴ룬רԼġ
ΧɨһȦкӶһꣿ
СߵһУȻһ۾˳ˣأ
޻һЦճһۡ
ճǰ濴˭
׿ҧ·ģԺԲҳͷ
Ӷ˳ҿճµľԼû뵽һô졣
μүμμ
ճ㿴ƽֻǺôʶģ
׿һȦЦ⣬̫ܵ죬ɱܣ
ճ㲻ԣ֪˹
޻Цų׿գգۣŻճĻҲûʲôֻЩͻ
ֿ׿죬аǰɣŵ⼸նʳˣôң
׿ĬĬýһ£ʱŻˣ
ࡣճĿ䵽ŵͷϣȷ£
׿ѣµȷУȴô£ѵϸôǰּۣɧǶԻǴ
ֻķݶѡ
񣬼Ͼʹһֻ֣סճ͵үµȷ޲ȣֻﲻޣڽǹУ񫣬롭ٴ
˵ž󣬲֪ʱһһ˦ǱӾһ㣬׿Ϸ˹
һ̣׿ǲ͹ֵģͰһӣй˹ҲǸԼѵ
ǣ׿ۣһδ
еʹȴδڶ׿ɺ۾ֻԼǰȭλãͣһֻǽڷ֣߬ŷıӣָѴӵ÷졣
׿Ȼˣү
ϹҲЩȣæ䡣
һһС֣ʲôǶһλү֣ǿɾ֮Ĵˡ
һз̫죬ȶе˷ӦʱѾڵ˱ӡ
ӪеÿӦö϶һ£үСȷϵǳ
үΪһĻ޹һӡ
ճ㰲οĿ׿죬Ȼתͷ޵ȻҲ˵Լдȣ¾ôȥɡ

˽㶣үҲ̫˰ɣ
ްԼӣҲٷˣвʡ
һү˵ǡֻһ룬յı䣬ɷλֵǰȥأ
׿ȥ䣿ճĿɫһףֵùǡ
𣿱ã˵үʲô˽ģȥ𣿡޵һЦүֻȥˣŻʵ۱²᲻ҵӵģ
ճһ˿⣬ҪЮ
׿ôҲû뵽ᷢչӣЩģү
޿ԥЦĸˣǴҵүϢ
˵꣬ŵϹתˡ
ճ۽΢壬ͳ͡ˣ͹͹ȥ
ǣ
ԸˣճĿ䵽׿ϣ˲һů
ǡ
ȶһʧУ￪ʼۡ
Ǿү԰࣬رġ᣿
ү˱ӣ
ˣүȻϲˡ
˵ۣȴ˳˼үԴȷʵƽ
ɰүҲǺһʱģ
֮£ʵ˴ŵĿŶȣԹԵЦһأ
ϲ˻ŮˣԼкθɣ
ֻҪӪǾֵܣ
Ӫһ˳ʱճ㽫׿
һµα飬ճľͺһԺȫ׿һʱ̹Ȼı顣
ף׿ǲΪѡ
ȴףΪԼΪѡ
׿վԶλãͷָ
һϰԵСÿ֪ʱͻιָ
޹ôʶģ
û˱ˣ׿ܰĽ粵˭Ĵֻϣճ֪Լδǹ鷳
ճ㹴üûֻǴɷУûȷ涨ҪϽ
Ⲣصɣ
׿εĳǣүǲǸ鷳ˣ
˵鷳ȷʵи鷳ǱǴ˴εı䡣
δ䣬ϻμӡ
ǰǰ飬ճһֱԸ׿˼̫ҪҪ
վǶ㲻ȥġ
䣬ȥ𣿡
ճ׿ЩԲ׼ôشҡͷҲǵͷҲǣɴ๣Ųһ
ճ㱻ı鶺Цֻ˵벻ȥ˼ǹࡣ
׿΢̾еѡ𣿼ʹȥҲȥּʱ񲻸Ϊӡ
˼Ƭ̵ȥ
ճһ۱㿴͸ΪԼ»֮ҹұŵ㣬ֻԼģҲ⡣
ܵõĻش׿бʲôίûˡȥȸ䣬кѣ
ȻһЦүûΪԼ
ճ̾˿ָͷϣ˸
ԭȥȥǰ̯ƣʲô֮Ա
ƫƫҪȥɵİοԼճһ˿ϲõġ
ʼˡ
үôˣ
׿ͻȻЩģǲԼ˵ʲôʲô
ճͷϵ֣ս߬ȭͷȥ
ȥ䣬мҪμǡ
׿æͷүԸ
һעⰲȫ
˲ҪΪӮǰˣ͵ϵ⡣
ڶɱ¶ݡ
ڻǰԲ֪Ů
̫ͷ
Ȼ֪ڴʲộȻָ׿죬һ⣬ճӮһһõĽ
ģ뿪ҵߡ
䵱Ȼ쳣ӣ׿벻ɵйĽӴǻҵˡ
壬ڵǳǰһ̷ڣԼȥҡ
ĳŵ

 29 

䵱գ׿׼ˣ⽫ͿĺЩ
СѾ߱ԹţôƯҪͿˣװ׾ĲǸϲ
˵ãһô˵׿Ĩ㡣
һԿţһЦź񱻻̿һ
׿˿Ҳ˲ôˣմȻ֮ˣ˼סպ˱¶ǾͲˡ
ȵʱ׿иճ㣬һ˹
ǵһ̣׿ЩȻ
⹬ÿһשÿһƬߣʶ
عļ
ճע⵽ŲȻ˼߿ʣôˣ
׿ҡҡͷֻǾɵΣꡣ
ϲ𣿡ʡ
ϲ׿˿δɣˡ
õشճ㣬˿һֱŵģȻ׿ᶨס
ȴҾʹߡ
׿쿴ճ㣬˵ղĬһЦá
ʼţ磬ԸΪסзġ
䳡ڼʢǰмķֱ̨̨ϡϹԼսĻ׹ݺͳϷаսģлһԵȺ
׼ս֮ļ棬м䱻һǵϵˣһǴˣ໥׿Ҳ֪ҪԵĶǸʲôˡ
ʱ׿Ѿ˼ȶλãα˫ʮˣԳսΪһվ󣬾ȡʤ
Ȼ˵д裬ÿﶼ֪ǽζʲôŸ˶Ѿ׿ǵһϳҪӮ
ʱһּٹٳݡ
׿ڼ棬֪ٵһ򡱣˶Ǹȥ
׿˼ǧԼٳڻǰǻĺޣȴʶ
޻
׿룬սѾĵܼһ㣬һԣʼ˫λ
޵ѾģȴޱҪ
ػΪĲǸδ׿һõĽ𣿶еǰģ˭۱Ŀģսʤġ
׿ֳŽӱսߵ̨ǰϵĻʵۣ˴
ʲô飬ڴĮܹ鲻κϤĸо
׿ȫӦⳡսɵһҲϵʿϳ
ɺʱӸ̨ϴһŮϲЦһ쵴ڰգ׿תͷȥʱѾӹսϯϷ
һϵķװͷϴеװΣԵøƤɰ
ôˣ
޿׿һ˿ȣ¶һĨЦıóһ㡣
׿ôƬ̵ʧѵϵһҪϵ޹
˲䷸ѣ޵Ĺ򣬱Ͼн֣Ѿ̽һݣǵϹڲһСܲӮǴΣòӮ⡣
һ۾Ϳ͸ǣ̵ɱΪҵݣҴǵϣŮжһսɱȨǴ裬ŮӾֻܴڸ廨࣬ڴĵһɵҵˣҿı£
˵꣬һӳ׿
ιʲôγĽǺúôһڴϲǺ𣿡
ţɨһӹȻ
׿ҧҧȥҲǰ취Ӯµһܶ˭
γ޹ˣ
޼ҪսˣһϲӳȥıӲ˼֡
䳡ϴ£׿ǣ⹫ĳĵȷ뻯ڽϵˣòΪСĵĶԴ
̨ϴĻ̨ϵҲΪĿ
磬էƳգߣƣһһ֮䣬߻ײһʱ䣬ѷѽ⡣
ްų裬׿ŽзڣǼҵı䳡棬ȴһĻ
Ϻ͵̲ס̾
ͻȻ˦ű׿δֱִۣ׿콫ƾͼ˳һק˹²һ䣬׿콫޻ڻһסıӣһŽĲǰ
Ӯˡ
һ˲䣬Ц׿̷ſһ
ת˿Цܾûôĵĺ˱ˡ
书ȺֻǽҶѡ
Ӯ˾ӮˣʲôңҲ̫⣬ȱϰĺһЩ򣬵ʱɱˣ
²ҡ׿˫ֱȭֻϽߣﻹ´Σ
һ˻ʤ׿Ҫ׼һˡ
ԼıӣӺ˳ȥ׿첻ٷעµĶ֣һ׳Ӳҹ򣬰ճļƻⳡͿˡ
һ˿򣬶һ̣׿ճǶˣǰ˵׿϶Լ򲻹ƴȫȥҲ߸ʮУǲʲôıġ
ǣҲͲˣǿ˼У
˵ʱ׿췢һߵľ׮ϵ˳æȥ
Ҿ֪϶򲻹³³ǵ͵ʿ
׿ֻ񣬡
޸оԶľ죬ôǸ񰡣һΪأ
²ҡ
üǴ˿֣ˣл˵
׿²׼˼޷ܾԸ
ⲻǷԸЩͷһקסקһ˵Ľ䣬֪֪κ͸Ǹʲôģ
˭֪ܲ׿ͷ׵ġ
ô룿
׿һ±ʵô룿ʲôģ
޲Ĳ֪룬εЦЦͻѾ˺׵ѡֻǻڵҵĴ𸴣ǵȻȴǿ󣬵ϣǼΪŮġ𣿡
׿ԼǺףλԵ˵Щ
ǸɵϣĶţ˼ԸȢңҾ͸˻ϵָ飡
ʲô׿ˣǲˣ
ûᰡϲ㣬ҲϲңǾͿһ
ЦļΪ̹вûʲôף׿ȷʵľ
빫ֻѣʵûϲҰɡ
׿ı㣬޵һ˰أԣ㲻ϲҶԲԣ
ϲϲ⣬֮Ͳκοԡ
׿һΣл񰮣ֻʧˡ
Ϊ¶𣿡
ү£
޴սС춼Ƕˣ˵¶ԼߵһС飬㣬ѵǱ𣿡
׿첻ɴ۾ЩȻ춼˾֪
ô˵ˣޱƽǴԲʵ飿ѵǱںߵģ
ͻȻ׿Ȼ֪ôͣ˵սס֮ʱӹսǴһˡ
ƷòȻ̹ϴżֲŵ޵Ц·ײʲô˵һ
ճߵǰȿޣشǸ⡣
ġȷʵ԰֮࣬ӡ

 30 

ճĳ֣˲֮ǰƽ⣬׿ЩΣϵı˲Ϣ䣬ֻ˵ճԱԼ
ճĻյ²ǸȢһλһСǣ﾿װ˭
ճ㲻Ųæǣ׿֣Ȼװġ
ߡ޲мү˸ɴĳϵû뵽ġ
ˡ׿죬Ȼѡ㡣ֻϣպǻѣ˵Ҫٺд裬ɱˡ
׿쾪̾λϹЦӦͷһ
вᣬҲԸˣףǿ󲢷Ǻ¡
ӳʱעߵ˶Χתûѣֻˣ׿ǵһƽĴˡ
ࡣߵһ룬ͷЩײ˸УȥǲգҾͰӸϣŵ̷
˵꣬Թ˵Ц£Ȼʧڵ·ͷ
һԸƽˣѾڱˡ
ȡˣȻҰܣɺҲûô⣬ٽӵһеѡ
³Цص̨֮ϣԼλá
ù𣿡
޵ͷֻҿǰ񫡣
Ѿ񫣬Ͳˡ
Ǻ֮£
΢΢̾һ֮ǰѾΪЭ˿֮ҲΪʱˡ
ģԼ׵һϣѾˣͬѡ
ϲĿԸ⣿
Ը⡣
ãЦһԱλĻϵʵ۱£СŮԸӳɻ顣
ϱһڳѷѽĶϣһԣŵһء
Ȼ󣬴ʼմˮȵľأϽ֮ңǼӾ˴ںģ˿ҪľǱ߾İ
󱻳Ҿشг౱򣬶ҲԶ֮ǣϽ֮ѣǸǴ֮ҡ
ã飡
ʱճҲѻص˿̨󻹸λС
ոں棬ճ䲢δ˵ʲôһ˫㿴۾㹻̧ͷˡ
׿̲סίϲѵĴʲôûҲֻζѡ
ճ񿴴뷨һЦ¡
ǱĴ͹
⻰ʲô˼׿Щ͵͵һۣײճЦ
û뵽һģȻλŮӡȻ
ˣ⻰˼ǣճ㻹
ţ׿ʳ˿ڣͿǰ˱һЩࡣ
պҪҺ֮ѡôѡ
⻰˵ûͷûβ׿۾һתճ޷ҪԼˣ˳ǣڵ൱Ȼվүһߵģ
˵꣬ﲻЦôˣûӰĴף
ճȴץһĵҪǵ˵Ļ
ž
ƮԶ˼һŴֱϵСʯأ׿ȥ˲ɵۡ
Ϳ׿ҢԶλãһŭĶСʯ׼һε׿ݣԱĶ׿k
군ˡ
عͷ׿k׿еСʯӣ׿ָָ棬ʾ˵Ȼ׿һȰ˳ȥ
׿ûа취ֻúճ˵Ҳ͵͵˳ȥ
һȣ˲Χˣ׿ֱۼ˴û˵ǣŰ¡
Ѿͷ㲻Ҫˣ
׿ҲǸӣСʱûٺ׿ܣȻ곤꣬˵Զܵ׿kȡ
׿kһָֻϲ£ָ
СãǸʲôأ
׿ٺһЦλ磬ǺҶˣǶϳ
׿ͷô£Ҳ̫ˣװʲô㻹ܵǰ赶ŪǹģҪǱˣ۾֪֪֮
׿kͷСãʵǵź͸׸أ
úúãҽ
⵱ץȻǰٿѱˣοҲ޷ԼļˣǸɴཫԼΰжװȥϽޣα䣬һһ˵ˡ
׿̲ס£Ůңʲô֣ս¾Ȼ֣
׿첻λ游ս꣬񫣬ͬΪ׿ӵܣôͲȥ
׿ݱţʲôݣĳĴսģ
ҲʷǷĽӢۣûУҾͲȥ𣿴磬δҲ̫Щôô㲻ѧƫѧ˸ġ
!!!
׿k״ϽˣȻүûзԣɡ
ֿ׿죬СãµôҲûˣֻף¾ܱ¶
İɶ磬зִġ
׿һǣԺٳͷǻӪš
ҶҶ׿찲ο·ͻȻҲܵǰ
׿k˿ǻȥ游ףΪʲô顣
׿ֺõĳ˳ԼӣǸǱ߾ͽ
׿kֹɣΰ׿Ң˿ԼСõҲֻ
֪
׿ץסҪߵˣһʣμҽۼҸ𣿿ɻã
׿̾̾˵ѹ˭뵽׿Ϊ֮Ķϣ³׿ûл˽׿ҵĽ飬׿곤꣬ԵȴЩ䡣
źãֻĸȴʱһᡣ
ء÷ּض꣬ȴڵġ
׿׿ļ򣬡ʱÿգǵûؼҿĸס
ô˵׿˲˱ӣ޵ĸվ׿ǰĳĿ
ãһȥ
׿kͷǰؼҶϼѣ˸СǷ˲١
׿ΪЦ׿k˵ûݻ׿ǶҪںôųǸźСֻҪȥڼ޶ԡ
ģһж㡣׿k˼ȫĸ㲻Ҳˣڲɵˣ»Խ֪ԽáںҲһģ𣿡
еϵ֪ܲİɣԺļˣүӱ׾죬š
Ǿͺã֮ˣҪСġ
ţʱӹս⣬̽һԴ
࣬ԭأҵ㣡
ͬʱȥͿһվģͬϵ̫һԹԡ

 31 

Ǽ䣬˶ԭء
׿ݺü˽һ˭ҲȷոյĻ˶١
Ҳһ£漴Ц׿ҵĶλҲڰ˵Ҫһ
׿kӭǰȥҼҵԶף䣬ҲûʲôҪ¡Ǻӣôǰ濴أ
ĿһԵϣ̫˼ҽȥһ׼ͿߣһΪո˱ѹأοο֪ܵô죬˺ôһȦ⿴ǡ
֣׿켷һ˿Цɹģû£λʿȷʵ֮ϣķڷ
û¾ͺãǼ˵Ҿˣٰ̫ҡ
׿Ҳ˵˻𣬴Զһ磬Ҳȥɣ˻ɵġ
׿ݵͷԼСġ
׿kҲļ磬û¼ǵûؼҡ
׿һһӦ£źȺ˿̨
ʱµıѾ˰ȻĽ׶Σ³ʿһ壬׿ڵλ߽԰ڴˣڳ˵ı鶼Ϊء
дյճүȥɡ
ճ֪ⳡԣ׼λѹģʱԳѾǵ³սˣδ棿
΢΢ĵͷб첽˳ȥ
´ĵˣѾŲסˣ³һƻڵأҲˡ
ʤֳһߵȥ׿ۻϵı飬򶨣ﻹмŭϾ߰꣬ǼΪϤġ
ʱֳһӱս˳
ˡ
ս죬һ̽˽һ֮죬ۻң׿δ˽еĹȻ֪书ȻҲû뵽Ѿز
ݣ£ʮУ㽫ǵʿڵء
ã
̨һ󻶺ѹҲһ±ȼ׿̲סȽϣ³ǿ˼У³ֻ˼УдǼʯͷ
ȻĻԶء
ıԾͼеĵѹˣǿеģҲýֱսϵĵʱ˳֮ϳΪ˰ѳ˫ĺǱ㲻ˡ
ӡ̵ģλϸʹͣҲ˵˲ס
ڻӪ·ϣ׿ЦĸоΣ
ȴҡҡͷû͸ˡ
ǼԵЦһţа̫ʵˡ
չ׿ڳҾӪеѵԽæµʶҲƴҪ׷ϣѾǰˡ
ÿĴϵӪУճܡ󷨡սѵһ䣬ҲӲп࣬͵ȻƫӪ֮ˣҲ𽥸ĹԼ뷨ǸԭΪСԼүĹϵ͵ˣʵȴ෴δүҪκȨ
ѰһѵøŷһȦһ·ǸӰ׿ľ׮ϣһֻŲԱߵľ׮ϣһֻĴһ룬һʳһߺԱߵĽʿʲôʢʱЦ˥ʱüŭĿж޶
ʢһ뷹˹ȥٵĵ׿룬˹ЦţԵĲֺ
кȻףΪүƲ֡
ԼҵСҰèع鵽Ұ⣬̫ˡ
࣡Ⱥһ̧˹а˰֡
׿룬˹Щ챻ɹЩڣԵˣ۽ǵɰԭĶ飬ٿȴԵø⾫ˤѵɳãϻݹɳͷҲմһЩ
ֲ̧ǵգУ£
пӣ̲סпλڲͬмܳԿŮҡ׿ӪʱճʱԸרͷģ׿˻ȥ
˵ССģ
ճҲֻȥֻǿ˺λүʶ׿֮ǰǵСģҲ˼ֵܺ࣬ԼԼˡ
Уʲô񰡣
ŶŶǸүȥ
ȥ׿һ㶣ʲô𣿡
ˣ޹ӵĴ֮գүġ
͵һţô¸ˡ
ңȥ͸˵һ
˴æֺһѽ׿Ͱһæڽϴ
һͰɳӣ۵׻ǸŮң浱˹ѽ㿴ĸŮ첻۵ģÿһɳ
ְɣƵͭǰϴɾǸ־ˡ
׿ЩǸģСѾߴԼȴÿӪܣ˶ѾߴҲڣҪ尾ˡ
˰׿úõױһƽ׿춼ױʾˣ˴ټҪݳȥҪһˣ޾춼ǣ
׿챻һһĶЦĸǴһˣ
Ϊһׯ٣һ֧Ρ
͸Ÿţмġ
ѡһźɫɴȹ׿ĵĸЩյѵиЩ򴦵Ϊκζ׺ѾԳɷ羰
ֻĵطϵķɫֻٶЩȥ
һ׼ϣճӹлֱֵһ㣬
ճһԺ׿Ϳɫæӭȥ
үʲô𣿡
ճһ̧ͷֻһƮɵŮվǰ΢üͷ
һ²ʶ˭
ࣿ
׿Ŀ⣬ͷԼװ磬ȷʵܾûǰȹˡ
ǣȹ࣬ճǰתȦô
˳ǣסÿ
׿ЦЩһֱھӪϣЩճ㡣
үʱµӣǲǳʲô£
ˣճüͷ׿Ͻ˱Ծˡ
ʲô׿쾪дŷŭɱΪ
ճҡҡͷȥϽ֮µĹԱվͻضʣűƺûвʲôر
ûвǲҲ
׿ǷߺޣϽʱ֤֤ȫ˾ָʹôʲô鲻
ճԼ߼֣ŵЩǰο˲ɶŭϽ֮±ضи˶ϣġ
ȻлбҲ֪Ӻʱ𣬺ֻҪ˵ġͻķ
߰ɡճ֣ȥˡ

 32 

׿һ⻹һݳǰ
ճһֱ֣о˺ôţ
׿εЦ£үҲᱻϳɣҪһǱȥˡ
˵ž³ճһס
ֱ֡͵ģҪȥȥﻹӦԶηӦ
׿侲ҲԣĳǲϯҲҲסѽ
¿ȥһ̾ðɺðɣҾ˵үˡ
϶Ǵȫˣ컹Ҫ֡
׿һ⿴ţ˴ǰĲ
ճλͯΧܽȥͨûһӳܾһϲӭ˳
ǸӣһӣѧʵĶˡ
׿ʱ棬һκĴѧʼҳΪֿѵģֱĳһ쿴첱Ӵ֣ףԭλĽ鶼ء
ܾ߳ճҲ˺񣬼򵥵˵˼׻ܾߡʽѾˣ˴ҲͬͳĽϲ磬Ҫ⣬Ҫλϵ׶С
޹ǴˣҲŴعȥ
˸ȣӭһλʴµĹ
׿춨һ޹
ܾԴЩȣ͵үޱҪϷֱ𣬳ΪŮΥʤ塣
Ц⣬ǽͣﾡά֮⣬׿£ܾӦǼΪġ
ǰûнҲţ޹ԣķҲ޿κΣڿƺˡ
ճҲϿͷϲ֮գض񡣡
߽Ǵһ׿죬
̧ٿʱ˼ϷʣλǺɣ֮ò
׿Ƶ׵Ļ䡣
ܾϱ鼫Ϊʣǲ޺λ֮ʲôڣһһﾡǻ/ҩζ
׿ȴΪ࡯ƽء
ڻصϯ֮ϣճ˼ƣ׿ҲЩԾƣȥѾ˺Ρ
ճƼȫΪȥһĻĻϧȫ޿ȥ
ϯ;޴˸գߵճǰмʵ˼үΪβ
ճƱ⣬յĳϣʺ
ҿүǲĶɣ
Ц£Ϊ౨ƽģ
ֻļǵڱ䳡˵Ļү׿ڳϣװġ
ճȾЩԲЦԡ
ޱ㿴ճ෽ģʱڿи׿죬ԣүɱ𹼸
˵꣬ޱ˦ˡ
Īָĺĵˣ˿̾ЩЦãֻһȴԴһ
ճͷ׿죬ָ̧۽ǡ
ָ¶ȣӿڻһе飬׿΢΢һ㶣ӸгָС
үôˣ
ճָ⽻Ķϣ£ֻǸ̾˺ÿ
˵ߵĻˣճ˼ƣ׿Ѻˣûʲôɲصá
ؿȥǳЦҲΪ㡣

ǧһ㣬ײճ
⻹һ˽
ģģЩ˿֮ڹ
֪׿ˡ
ֻϧϲճֻΪ˸һƣʹ¡
»ҹĸоڱӭϣȴ룬ЩӵദȻ˵ľҲʱ˸ϵĻôһ̣ճ϶Ѿˡ
ոյһ΢Ĺ⣬ָ⵭¶ȡ
ǿԿ϶׿
ֻϲƬ̣׿Ѿתͷȥˡ
ճԹ˵ҡҡͷֻǲǿϷѿ᳤ܻ
ʱˮǧɽ뿴ģҲֻˡ
ţӵ߽һˣֳһȣͷڣɫۣ档
ˣ
̴ܾӭȥ
ճ׿ߵүͫ
׿ȻʶģʱҲֻǵһμ˵ͷ
үǸˣɽҲˣֻ֮档
滨ʯһһڻʵʱΪλүѰˡ
үϲ춼ڣ˴μ磬ʵΪס
ͫͳܾ˵˼仰󣬾ֱճ׿ķ˹ܾæԱ߼ӡ
һ˦££Լͷϰˣô˳ˡ
׿찲һЦţֳǲҪ̫ġ
ճ˱ƵݸҴûټ߸磬Щӣ߸ȥˣ
˵棬ͫ£һͷֽƱƸʾһ
˵ȥˍ۶
ճЦһ۶ʲôϡ棿
ǿ̫ˣҸ˵
׿컹ģȫõˣͫһ·ϵȤһһ׿찭ԼݣҴЦճȴĵ
׿ȷʵû뵽ճ㾹ȻܺͫͶԵճȫȻͬھеģ̲ס룬еѡҲԸͫүɽˮ¡
ֻϧսעҲᡭ
Ըȥսȼһ죬ֻҪ㹻Ŭһı䣡
ʱȺһЩ׿Ҳ׼ˡ
ܾ޽ţſڵ˳ǰĵ
үүպչ˲ܣն룡
ͫļ磬ɹ٣ȥɣһֵǧ𰡣
ܾ˲ͫһЦžĿ
ճܾ˵ͷˡ
޴ź£վڳܾ࣬յױ顣
ԥãջǿ˿ڣԸճɾ
ûͷûβһ仰ڳһȺˣֻ˵˺ճ㡢׿ס
΢Цŵͷ˵ǣԸˡ
ճɾ
δ䣬ҹɫСಡһһ֧Ƽֱ޶
Ǽٶȼ죬ڳϰ֮˶ûзӦ
Ψһӣֻܾǰһ⣬Ǳļͷ㻮ƺҹֱ
ģֻƿޡ
صһ̣ͷû˳ܾϲ֮С

ſڵļҶ˲ҵĽд̿ͣд̿ͣˣ
޾δ̧ͷ䣬ܾѾ
Ž˽ڻָŸϳܾѪǡ
ܾܾ
˲ңͫȥܾ׿캰˴̫ҽ
ճ㶢ķ򣬷Ը£̷Ų˵ȣ˴⣬ȫѲ
ǣ
ܾϢѾԽ΢ȫѪ˵ȫѪݣ
޽ͷ̧øЩְ̧ѪĨѾԼϣžۡ
ܾ˵š
ܾĿЩɢþһֻ֣޵ϡ
𡭡ޡǴϲ֮աҲ뿴ޡ
ЩұԺٺ˵ڿܵȲˡ
졭ұ㿴ϵ㡭
ʱҾ롭ÿĹҵķˡֻһաҲֵõġ
֡ڡǰáˡ
ȻֻһգѾֵˡ
ޡ
ޡ
ޡ

 33 

׹֮д̣ɱһ·ͬСɡ
ȻճһʱѲ׷飬
ǰûһ׮µģҲ˵ʲô˸ı䡣
׿ҲյЩţǰһ뻹٩٩̸ˣ˿̾޵Ļһ
ϵѪɫԽԽĿڵλȴȾİһƬ
ӸڸϹζʧɫ
һܾ
˲ͻ˹ȥ
治ȫȽ̧ȥճ侲ķԸˣϿʰһãΪͣ顣
Ȼֿ׿죬ȥ
ү׿쿴ʹ޵ޣԥƬ̵㹫
ճ㰵ӣҲãŮ죬һҲദ׿ӣ˻ȥҲỻװܻ
ãǹͽˡ
ճ˵꣬һˣ߽ҹɫ
ͫ룬ֹֻһ˻ص
ûߵıͶŻˣ׷۾ǺΪҲΪܾеϧ
һūĨᣬ˺£
ͨһ¹򵹣΢΢Ĳһش֧ǳ޹ģΪ޶ġ
⻰Ҳ֪˵˵Ҫ޹ô͵ǡ

˲֪λشʱͫӺʱ˹
£趨һŴϺ׵ĳ⡣
Ȼߣûˣ˿Ҳ˼У׷
ǺðɣȰٺӵ飬˽ȥͻʵ۱޵¡
л
ǵеҲ
ܾʬ屻һųϣ޹һԣͷ
׿һֱſڣûнȥҲûг
ʧȥĸܣʹ
յĵڣ޳˲Լײǹܾͷ
һοòûоΪˣ
֪𣿽첻Ǽĵ档
Ȼ˵׿һ˲䱻
ƺ˵ģҪӦ˾ԹԵ˵
һμڵǰָ飬ʱҿңһΪǲףҡ
ܾӵּһ̣Ķɤۣ̫ˣĵڵǰҴͣϾеǸˣ̫á
ڶΣк԰ǰȥˣײŶ䣬Ĳΰңһк֧֧˵áʱһôָ˸ôɵĴӣ
ܾôҲû뵽ڻ԰޲ûдӣһڻ԰յй䣬ŵģͻȻƹɽӭײ
ܾΪԼ͵ˣʱֽţ˺Σס۽֪ôͣҲƺûʲôԽ͡
Ρ
ξǽҹͷƿɲǣ˳ܾǼЦ
˵ܾϲӣ˴ģϲǸҺᵶʿ
һ̵ỹǱע⵽ˡ
룬Ǹõˡ
ַհյĵ䵽ϡ
һץǸˣǧУ
׿ĬĬ̾˿Ҫο䣬޺ת
ͬ飬ҲҪ
һ仰Ͱ׿˰Ȱʶ˻ȥ
޹
СңϵŮӺǴŮӣǲһġ
׿ﰵ̾ԼɴδСǹкδ㣿
ɱ˳ˡοǴ̿ǳģһⱳ˭ڵ
Ȼ׿Ҳ֪˭ڹϵңͼɱ׹ͼԲˡ
üͷһ֪ҪϵĻ֣Ͻָʹıμҵǲͬһˣ
ȻЩճˣҪǲ鲻ʲôãҪǲ鵽ʲôò鵽ģôˡ
УԽԽøϽ׷ȥ
һ£һ
ߵļУ˿ûע⵽Լõȫǡࡱһ˲Щ㱣׿ȥӰ˼Ƭ̡
ոһ˲䣬·ϴˡ
׿ļٵѰӣҵһôļҶ·ٵĲϵױ·󣬷ǽְԭϵȹӣͷϵķΣһԲ
ٵͷ㳯ճոȥķ񱼣һעĴĶһ߼ӿŲ
ճǰ磬ûˣ֮ǰҲɳȥˣֻżĸһ춼Ѳѽҹյ
ʱСûУ
ҲûУ
үҲûУ

ճӥĿҹɫͻȻһԵСﴫһȮͣһӰӲӹ˽ȥ
ǣǣץס
һЩҲע⵽ߵĶΧ˹
ճһ̣Ѿ˹ȥһߣʯ
ʯͷٻȥＫڣֻһƺߡ
죡죡ߣ
һӵϣӾͷѾûӰճ¿˿һǽϷЩۼߣ׷
һֱ׷·ϣȻӭһѻѣ˹
ֵģʲô顣
ճһֲõԤУͣסŲʣˣ
ҹѲͳ촢һճ㣬̰˹μ£
ճüͳô⣿ʲô£
麲ȻЦ£άҹΰﲢûʲôְɡ
ٷϻղʲô
кıѺһˣүոճҹѲһƬѲʱӭײһļһһǸ͵߷Ѿˣ
ˣճβһսЩһԵĸ̷ϻѡ
һѳº˵֣Ѿۣٱţй

ճ㰵вã˱ŵڵϣһ̽ȻѾû
һˣүûд
ճûֽϵ·Ȼں󱳷࣬Ǹոյ߳ʯӴġ
ճϸһȷΣŤ˵죬һŻδȫڻĶҩմϡ
ʿ
ʿ麴һү˵С͵ʿ
ճ߬ȭͷЩģɲǸС͵
ʱԶѲСӣ˹ŴһŹһװżֻļͲүַ
ճ̽˹ϸ鿴ֻһǳͨĹûʲôر
һ֧ͨļڼͷͨĳǳļı־µģǼͷǺ޺ۼ
ճмĽͷյϿ
ʱһΪ棬һֻͷһͼڡ
ʲôҲչ
Ȼͼڲûʶ
һĪչ֮ʱ׿Ӱ˹ү
ճƬ̾ôúڸϴţ
ү׿ϥǴ˵⣬һƳճļͷϿŵͷ
⣡һѶ˹ô£
ճüԾʶ
׿һ˵ȷʶͷ׿ֲ鱨֯Ӱı־

 34 

Ӱ׿ҵһ鱨רռ߾鱨ʼֻɼ鱨ɵĶսϢռС飬չΪȫ鱨ռǶ鱨ڲ󳼵ļҲ𽥳ΪҪ
ʱİӰʮҲǺ䶯һʱ׿ļӰֻ鱨ûִаɱʿοӰѾǶʮǰ£ȵλʱΪһЩԭ򽫰Ӱ֯ɢˡ
ͷ˼䣬Ǻͼ
ࣿճֻһϵͼڣͲԾˡ
׿ָĦżͷֹԼĸףûа鰵Ӱͷ
ҪҪ˵ʱ̲ɰ״˸ˡ
ףμ¡
ˣճüǰݡİСȴһˣôˣ
ǲ̹֪ҹ飬ҵ飬ѾסţϸŲ飬üѡ
̹̫óūţҹǷȥ͸ģûȴײһȥ̲˰æ
һָָѾˣүͰҪҵľˣ
ע⵽⡭
ˡճüչ䡣
̹ϰ׵ĲŽ̧Žӣһ½α㴭һһէĺ߳ץ𣿡
̹׺ʹ̹֡
ǹеˣ̫谮ȻҪֱ棬ڳ˳ճ빧֮⣬˶Ʋϵģ̲ɶȥ˵һССҹѲͳʲôвϵˡ
ӴҲأūμ¡
ճûлش𣬶˼֪˴ʱ˵ڹҲ֪ˣʵڲ
˵ճϹûʲôøУ׿͸ûˡ
ǰڹֶԹɶĿء
ճ㲻ҲͲûȤüһͿڵϵĺˡ
ѽ˿ɾǴɱӵĴˣ
׿϶
ճɫƵһۣô֪ģ
ճǿᣬ׹ɻ󣬡ѵүʹͳץ𣿡
Ǵͳץˣδκ֤֤д̵֡ճˣɱΪ˽Ļˡ
ң׵ףһϸ飡
Ǳۣ۾һתϣȻҪģڳ⵵£Щ˶Ϻãɱ׹ӣǹϵĴ£Ϻ̫ﶼڹеŽأȻץˣȳʱĺãҪһģ˵ǲǣ£
̹ڽ̱Ϊ𣿡
һ˸үԩūˣūҲΪѽȱѡΪѡǹҫ֮£γ£װȥүСڱ춼ǲ֪꣬еһ±ָôΪѻأ±ȻҪиģڼȻץˣû֤ݣƽϢϵŭźѽ
޵һԵĴͷһ㶣ôû֤ݣ⹭֤𣿡
һֱŵ׿죬Ȼ̧ͷŴ麣ˣˣ
ʲôɱץЩɺϣһеһвΪ˽ĿתƵ֧ͷļ϶ѡ
Ȼͣ˻һѶ׿ļϸţڿͷͼڵһ̣Ծصһһͷ˵ء
ΡΡָǼֲүٰūԭΪˣ
ճ㲻⣬ֲõԤȴԽǿҡ
ɸոյḻ̌ɫˣ˴ߣūϣ
ǡ
˺ȥֻʣԭأճﰵһȺ˵ԼǰһϷһ
һԵ׿ɫ࣬Զճӡ
ࣿ
׿ţүˡ
ճ㿴ɫѣЩģôˣ˵
׿쿴˿Χĸҡҡͷʾճ㣬뿪⡣
˵ճȻ߽һӣһڣ¬ڷɱ
һǰһȥ׿ȥ
ճв⣬ǰ˵ˣ֪׿֪ʲôο࣬¡
׿ҳһţѾҪìͷָ׿Ңˣ԰Ӱ޹дɱɱ˳ܾճ׷ĹУдȴҹѲץסɱŸҵ˿ͷļͷ̹ͻȻϳ˰ӰȻϡ
һж̫ˣһ
׿Ȼһ벻ף׿ҢȻִڳвûʲôˣ˭Ҫأ
ЩɥΪϽ֮µǣ׿ҵĽֿı䣬ڿҪŪ׿ҵˣΪϽսʱ׿Ң϶ĳЩ˵棬ϵϽ·ǰѾˣ
һѵΪ֮󣬸ıϽ֮еĽɫԲŻᵼԭҪϽսʧȥεĻ֣֮²ݰɱϹһ£ѹ׿Ң
ôܾ
찡׿ʱúѣһҪ׿ڳ֮ѣȴδΪԼΪҲᵼ޹뿪
ү׿৵һҺӡ
ճ˲佩ס࣬˵ʲôӵûйϵ
׿ᣬٻشΣٸı䣬ΨһģҳĻ֮ˡ
ȻһֱֻۣȦ˻
ճ촽Ķ䣬ڣܷʲôڡ
ܸ԰ĵ׿ʰһЦݣȷûʸɥһӦףԼģѾֻǸ򵥡
ڣмˣճ㣬
¬ڽǰͣ£ſһճ㣬ӭ˽ȥ
ܼҴֱȥ鷿׿Ңڿ
үˡ
׿Ң鰸̧ͷҪүôͨͿһװ׿޻
ܼ̽Źغã˳ȥ

׿ҢȣôŪӣ
˵
׿׿Ң˵飬Ҳ֪ճ㰵Ӱ£˸𾪡
Ҫи׼̹֮һʻġ
׿ҢⲽӰڶʮǰѾɢˣ
׿µľ׿Ңײ˻ϣ̾˲ŲǲҵЩѾα˽ذӰ֤ݣڵǰʣһҪ侲
˵ûճҲͬ˼ǧҪ侲ǵȦ
˵ţܼҴæ˽
үˣ̽ȥ
һȻĻˡ

 35 

żǰּ׿Ң·׼
׿ŵĲס˭Ҳ֪ȥ֮󣬻Ľǵǰһ׿ҢڵǰģЩҪɱı粵
׿קڲϷţʵˣһȥ
ճһ۱ס׿ͣڰյּ֣̫ͽһȥʥ̺ʹ̿ͱʱڳ
Ҫ̫ȻЦŵͷүԸ˵ʱȻǼõġ
ճתֶ׿ҴӦ㣬һƽ
ү׿۾ʪ󣬡ˡ
ѾҵͷԹԴţǻ
͵صͷžĵ׿֪ʱԼһǱˣеļǿģƲס
ճְοΪȥᣬҲǲǻ˿ţ׿ĶͷϣһǣںΣֻںǰˣǿЦǼ尾
ģΪ㾡С
ճȻȥ׿˫׷Ӱֱͳȥ
ſڵһ˲䣬зһֻӥճͷȦϡ
Сס
ճ̽ӥϵųֻĸ֣ҩ
𣬽óҩˣֻ¡
ſڵ׿ע⵽ͣæʣôˣ
ǰҲ˶عͷ
ճ㽫ֽһţȻԴſڵҡҡͷû£һ
˵꣬빬Ķнճʧ׿߬ȭſⲽһҲͣ£ѵʲôѵֻϢ
ͻȻ뵽һˣֻܰˡ
ܼңһƥ
׿ٴλصʱıѾȫ߹⣬ץ̿͵ϢѾ֪ˡ
кƣԽҲ㷽㣬Ѱ·ҵո޷ֱӣ̽һȻֻǰͣŵĳܾʬ岻ˡ
׿²⣬Ǳȥˡ
ƽʱǲĴһոʧȥ˵˵ģڵĴûеѡ׿ãȴûʲôӦ
ã޻û׿ûа취ֱֻŶ룬ƿŵɲǣ˫ϥһ䣬صĹڵϡ
ϥǿʯϣˡһ졣
˷ӦƫͷһۣüͷЩȣࣿ
׿عͷ̸ʯϿһͷһ֮룬ȫ
վߵ쵽һͣסֻ£ɣʲôվ˵
׿ͷ࿪Ǻգʵվ˵ڵǰҪ׷ɱһ£
˵ʲôЩգ֪Լ˵ʲôǰӵʬط㾹ȻҪҲҪ׷
֪Լʵ֣ಢȡ֣Եɵġ
ð˵˵ԵΪΣ
׿ڵϣ˸ոڽ׷ʱ飬ͷͼʱҲδ
޲⣬ȻѾ֪˭ɵģΪβ׷
֪ӰڶʮǰѾɢˣ׿ԲǴµıʹ෴ģ˴δɱĻ֮˽ɹף޻׿
޻ʲô֤ݣ
׿üû֤ݣ׿
Цһ࣬ȻǳٳϵĶթҲ١ƽĶۣεĴɱ֮£ҲŲ׿Ϊ˵Щνġ֤ݡ̫ˡŻ֪ڸոչ˽ڵļ˳ȥļͷҲͷ
׿һ˵ĻͶ׿Ңˡ
üǽּ̫˵ϻһʱ룬£ϾȻǽѯ˵Ǵʲô⣿ѵ㰲Ÿ򣬾Ͱˣ
׿飬ɫϡ
޺֣Ĵǲһ£һδϴָ֬ϣ۾΢΢һ˼֣࣬Ȼң͸̹Щ
׿æȥʱޱɣֻǰиҪҪ˼Ҳûȥ룬׿»ˣ˸ӡ
׿һ֪Լʲôʱ¶ģ㡭
Ǻûɣ
صݺȻ𴩣׿۴ȥԸ޶ӡ
ҪǴǰʹ׿Ҳɵݣ󱻲𴩣ζȫͬˡ
Ǹ֮⣬֪˵ʲô
ԳЦ£ɲǱġҾ̫٣Ůֱ治ֲýպ˵ԡԭֻһͿˣҽ컹Ϊ㲻ƽΪүǸĺĵˣ
Խ˵׿Խǹⲻȥ
ġ׿Σҵ꣬ҴδӹֻΪϵ޷̹ͬסʵһֱĽֱʺ̹䲻жȴ飬ܵùʶ֮ҡ
ƲȥɱһεӣȳҪ༸ֵʶ̹ҪҶͶԽֱϲСèСҲû𡣿ҡȻȥˡ
׿ڸ̨£һᣬԴ޹ĸоֲͬ˼֣ʱֻǸ軵ĵԽӽӴŷ֣Ҳ飬Ҳд壬ҲвΪ֪һ档
޼ĿתĶԼڵ㶢Ҹʲô˵СèСˣ
ûС׿̹ȻƭȣԹҲӦõġ̹ҼƽϣҸ˻᲻⡣
ȴΪ⣬ֱӲ˵ŸˣϿѿúܡ
׿̾ȻѾ֪ҵݣӦ׽֮ҵҪ̶ȡҸݺѾǰȥǰţڴֻйܰңԸȣұؾлԸҲԹԣ
лüôл˽ȥ𣿡

׿סӣЦˣ׿һᾡⲻΪæΪ࣬ΪӡǷһǷһ飬ҵû
˵ļΪ׿𶯲ѣл
¹ڵϣһеĲж񣬶ʵݣ˹ߵ
޹𴽽ǣأ֮Լǻģձˣȥдգɲܡ
Ȼ׿쳤һŵ˼֣޵İæӦûת
Ҳһգգۣãˣ

 36 

ϣº׿ˡ
ǽ
ϣһȺΧһ𣬵һˣϱˣüĿȴߣǷ
ճ׿ҢֳȻĻΪӪǶǰס麡̹ˡ
תһ׿ɶ˽ˣ
׿Ңͷ·ϣѾ֪ϳ
ʲô˵ģ
Ҳȥ磬ֻһû뵽Ȼᷢ£ǳܾҲϳųģʹĲѣּһ׷ǺΪ԰ꡣ
̹һЦ׿⻰˵ǺЦĻ֮˭ˣ
Ŷ׿ҢȵѾץˣ
̽ߵϵĺˣ̿ץˣĻָʹҲҵˣ
׿ҢĿ߿ǺΪ
һ˫Ŀ̽׿𣿡
ϳ
۽Ǵһճ㣬ѵûͬ׿˵Ǵ̿͵ļϷ˵ꡮӰͼͷ
׿Ңһ𾪣ӰôܣӰڶʮǰͽɢˡ
ճӹ֪ӰǺζȻ޷֪̹ˣʮǰֻǸǱຮıء
õľճڱܵЩ࣬ͷȷү֪֮¡
ҡճ̿ͲǵץֻǴͳ·͸ģλ϶д֮ˣƾһʧ˶ʮͼڣͰìͷô׵׿ǲǹڲˡ
ֵ̹ƭϣȷʵڳѲʱץģʱ¾ʹ·μ򵥣ֻһ·Χ޲·ߣ˺ȷʵүʯӻĺۼԳŸ϶ү׷ˡ̿ڱץ֮ͷɱ֤ΣһҹѰ
ͷͳļеūвضʿ˹ģǲˮʯ¡̧ۿ˿׿ҢѰ֮ѽ
˵ţһ֤ϣǴȡļͷѾ˴ɾ¹Ŀ
ǰʵ˶ܿɫͷϣҲȻһֻտͷ
㾪һ⣡⣡֤ȷ䣬׿ʲôҪ粵ģ
һ¡׶Աſ˿ֻĬúȻڣΪӰͼ֣Ҳζž׿ϾֻһͷҲ˿ģ¼޻ģοɱ˵ȼù£ҪҲĿŵһ֧֤ݵļΪϵͷΪ׿ϴȥɡ
Цһ£ǳӰҲпԭֻҪ͵˾֪ҪͷǾܵġ
Ϊβܣճɫһ
ȣꡭ
İӰʮ߳춼ǣûǲ֪¡
Ϊ鱨֯Եʱʮ䱸ͳһר˴ġ
ÿһֻ϶һͷǵ̴ʦĽĲ϶ԼͷнݣʹüͷһգͻֳͷͼΡ
ЩΪɱ˶ãǷ㴫Ϣ˵ʮκһˣдӳһ䵽ǱĴǾ
ڰӰɢЩȫգƼѹȥҪ̸ûпܡ
㽲˶˻裬ֻͷڻһǣգۼǸͷſ˴죬
׿Ң˵յĳĿͷȻģ
ճҲɫѿȻ֮£ȴһΣ޻׿б
ϻӻ֣˽ȥڵȦ̲ס̾
׿Ҳûɴɱ֤һ
ճһԣض׿Ңҡҡͷ֤ΣϣҲܼ
׿Ңͨһغԩȷʵ֪ͷΪλ˼䣬Ҳûɱһ£죡
ϡճҲ׿Ϊˣ¶Ρ
׺ͲĬĬһۣҲصҲ׿޹ģ졣
Ц£ˣΪ׿⣬ϾүȢ׿İŮŽ޹ģѵǡɵҾ׿Ҿɣ
ճ׿Ңһ㻰л
ϹȻĿɫ˼֣̹˼ǣ
ϚiǵĹأūʲô˼˰ϵشūֻǿʲô˵ʲôѣ̫ūǰ˵ūȻҪĶԡ
̹ɡ
׼վΧС̫
˳ƿ£ū⹬ͷãԵ갵Ӱ֮ҲΪȻͷ֣ҪϸһġֻµǺ׹̣˹غϵĴ£̫˼ǡסⲿΪءڲ£˵ȻĴ
ϲȻĴۣĸΪ˼֮¸δã
˼̫ϵϣֻǽӲ̫ãϣֻūǰū޶챿˷ӣҲԾ׵ġ
ʲô취˵
ū޼˴ιغһ£ȸһµ̬ȣȻѾץд֮ˣҲ֪Ļָܵʹ֮ˣί׿ȵһߣϸҲ
ۣôί
ɱ׹ɲС£ýĻ֮˸ְնӡһЦȻֻǸдʣҲ춼һֱȵ׿ͷأֻҪһߣв壬պҸڰһҲ͹ȥˡֻҪ׿ûָʹ˴ɱʲôµأ
УճŲ㣬׿سɵݣ
үˣ˷ҲֻȨ֮ƣѵ׿ԸΪϵЩ𣿡
ճŭҪ׿սް֣Ҫ̹֮Ǻξģ£֪£ǸþҴֻⲿڳǾȨĳҲһ㣿
ϰˣϳЩҲס޴ӣ㲻úԣ̹˸Ȩ֮ƣ׿δŭ㵹ƽˣѵֻ׿ҵĽ֮꣬˴Σɻװޣɻװ£
ճһûװŻϣϾȻ֪𣿡
סճǧﱼϮǻ˷꣬ûϲŸϧܵܣճżżײҲδĽ⣬ڵ˵棬ճ˳ԲѷΪһп׿Ң
޲ûģֻҲ̫
С˹ˣϾòףվͻرȥǻ
㣡ֶҲ˵ʲôػĹһЦƢĸ񡣡
Ȼĸ˳ճ͵̧ͷĿɫ鱳󰵺ʹճĸҲϣѡɡ
ֵĿˣ֪ճߣճ᲻֪ġ
ۼŻϿ챻˵뿪ڣſ
£Ϲ޹Ǭ

 37 

ڶʱһ˸Ȱסϸ˵£ôȫˣ
ҡҡͷʾϱĿһǽɡ
дһ£ζҪ֮ǰиˣﷴĥĻ취Ȼ׿Ңƽٿ԰ѵմ򷢻ȥɾճ˵ģˣẮ˴購ǵİ
ѣǻвȣһҪ̫󱳺ĳǵ֧֣һҲܵΨһһȷǻرĵܵܡ׿Ңճףģ˵һսԸ⸨ƫƫ£뱣׿ҢҲܲ˴ⲿѹοѾ̫˼˵ļΪˣҪҪ
һĿǴɱ¼࣬Ӱ֣˵׿Ңȫκιϵǲŵģ˼԰˵Ǿ仰ѵǡɵҾ׿Ҿɣ
׿Ңв֮ġ
ϲ룬Զ֪λѣɵڻλһֻи߸ϵǸɱġ
ڴ˽ɫƣѾ֪˴ɱ֧࣬ȷʵǳ޹ȥģֻɱӶѡ
ͫϵʱεգգסҪҪ˵޹޹ˡ
ϣһ
ǿᣬѾϵΣ⣬ϰţѾץ˴̿ͣһҪҪ˵ͷͼڵ¡
ߵѾ˵ĺǰȥһ֣ϣһ²д֮󣬲ֻӴܣʱɱһһװ磬ûκһ֤ݵĺۼҹΧѲ߶ӣĿ֮µ֣ıѾáˣΪδɱ̰һ裬ȴƫƫ·Ϻ׼
⡭ԡ
һʱ˵ͷҲǹ滮·ߣǿô׷ܴ·Ҳʲôԭأ
ŶЦ£һѵصʿȻǴ·ǿ̫ˡ
Ͽ֪λ˵ʲô
޼ո·ϣǬ£·߰ÿһֶ죬ԵʱڵĸıҪÿһӶѵǲܵģɲ֪ͳôôãһӾײ˴̿ͣ
ЩΣֻѲʱǱʹ˹ȥײ˴֪̿ͣǺһֱ׷ˡ
ô˵ǺүֳĶȥģ
麵ͷǵġ
ֿ򻹹ڵϵճ㣬Ǻүô֪̿ĸأ
ճ˲䣬ʵ׷ȥ֮ʱ̿ѾӰˣǹս·ʱǰܹһӰ׷ȥġ
Ȼĵͷϣô̿ʱܵģƫƫںµǰ˻ΣǹҪץסٷɱϵͷ޶֤Ŀ
Ȼû϶޾Ȼ˵һԵĵЩȡ
ĳȥмּУ޹Ǻ⣬Ŭҵףѵд˲ɣ
仰˵ĺãϣ£Ѿӳܾãһ޾ǰˣҷɱĻ˭ȻҪ飬ֻ޲޹֮ܵǣ֪Ϊ˴ϵĹϵҪѸ˽£˼ϣ֪ڵϣʤһС
ޣ÷ЩҲסϣСŮǱҳ軵ˣϲҪ⡣
ϵЦᣬ޵Ǿ޹飬ʵѵá
ЦЦȻ˴δɱ֮£ź֮£ϾӣҲѾ˽ۣҵҲٶˣνʵͻһ£СŮ⡣
ѿνɱ֮£֮ȨȻˣͲˣմ޻صϸΪס
Ȼĵͷ޹ȻܾãϾֻϵķޣڳ£Ҳǿ⣬ϵվɣټӶʮƥ˿񣬶ʮ޶ɴ󳼣λͻصϡ
һЦϿϷ޻صãϾŮǹʲô˼޲ãڵϣݣˡ
ȴ⣬Ҳصϡ
㲻Ҫʹӣ͸̻ȥ
˵žҪȥ˳˦֪޵ӣ˵ȥǲȥȻҺͳܾųɻһգҲӡ
㣡
ۿŵҪŭĪ޹壬ʵֻǹϾ껪ǳδֵ֮ˣܾǺ֮Եִǳܾ֪Ҳϣ˰ɡ
޾һ·ߵڵӣõû˭ܸøı䣬˵ǡɳܾһվ游ˣҲ˵γЦңģҲǹԼһصġѾõģΪТ֮꣬ˣ뿪Ҳ㲻ܾϣѾȫ
̾ԼŮԼǰصȥҲ
ϼѾĬˣȻûɾܾ
ߵлʥⲻ֪˾һ򰮿ֵͫУ˶𶯡
䵱Ůӣͫ߿֡
㿴һƬ̲ͣסѵϣ̿͡
һشˣǼʲôȻҪ飬ҪϸĲ飬Ҫز飬ǧһˣ˵Ļ֣ҿǳ۾ġ
Ǻǣ˵Цвʣǻϵ˼ǣū޶ۣ֪λ̫
ϸȥı飬˲ֱȻ˶Σ޾ûΪãֻǱϾ˰Ӱı־׿޵˼
ùδ׿Ңͷߵݣű¶ܻϳס
áϼôʶ壬ǿ˲٣׿ʱְ죬û޵ó벽
ǣּ
ճһǻŭЩӿɫ죬䣬˰
ɣе˭֪׿뺮ĹϵүǱܱӰɡ
ճ̧Ų㣬ĻҪһ㱻ֱ£»ǽ̲ɣϾǲ鰸ӣ˲׵ġ
ڼ֮ؿ˿Ǿʲộ᲻֪
ȻϿͫ
ߣ˰飬Σ

 38 

ֱ߳ͫﷸֹĻ鰸
ֻ֪ĵķ˺óԣĵӺĵķ羰ÿôôӵİӣأ
״Ӻ׷Ǭ£һӦ֤ﶼ̲ʲôҪ׼ģܷԸ
Ŷͫ鲻ԸĿУ춼ˣȻȥϢһ°ɡ
ǳȸˡ
׿Ң߳߸ͫһۣ׿ҢȻûбֱӱѺʱְȴͫϵĵӣҲأһǵϹһҳ
׿Ң΢΢ͷͫĪ꣬׿ƺģͫҲ֪Լܲܰô¡
ճ߳ɫƣͫһϰˣɫôôѿٿǰߵĲӶЩ鸡ˡ
ү׿ҢҲʣû°ɣ
ճҡҡͷᣬͽȥ
æһݣµȻ׿ȥүǸϿظϢɡ
ճ촽ףްӦģ߰ɡ
׿ʱѾڹſڵһҹĽڸתƣҪϺƣسǵʿͰץˡ
һͷϰϵȴӹʻ˳׿˲һǰʻͿʧʱĴ޳΢΢ͷȻѸʧҰС
׿ԭѳ絽ˮ׵ģܸϰ͸һ֪׿Ңסˡ
ֵƬ̣ǰʻ˳ǰһʻǰʱͣҲ͸ͣ
ճÿһűҰ׵ϣѵس˸Ц
Ұ׿ƽĴˡ
׿ȴһܵļ尾һ仰ˣĵЦܵ
ҪڽеͿ׵Ľʿվ࣬׿ϲתΪɣĻ˻ȥ
Сû°ɣ
׿Ңɫƣҡҡͷû£꣬Ȼʱְͣ㸮Уûй𱸡ҵĻҪٲִ£Ͽͬ»ظȥ
ûִͬɣ
ûУүǰҰӰ£ڵǰҶ̲סҪͬǾ価Щ˵Ȧˡ
׿ο˿ûоͺãµľƢһڻǰ˵ʲô
ģʲôû˵˰ϵӣ漰ʮǰİӰڽǬµ飬ֻݸ˿ģպȻҪɸɿȥ飬ҪСġ׿Ңߣص㶣ݣ
İɣס
Ů˽ϵ΢˵˵Ҳͨ׿Ң͵ճɫ㻹ǿүظȥҿӳгͲ̫ӡ
׿ŴӸյϲоѹճȷȥôԾԼСģүظƽٻؼȥ
׿ҢЦŮ֣ȥɡ
׿ٴλصճʱһӱһճһߣ˫Ŀգһʱ׵ˣһʱˡ
ү׿̷Ըӿٶȣһ߰ɵŵճ㱧Լ
ָĶͷϣʱʱȵĴд˹׿æһһ份֣ȴ÷Ӧ
Ҳճ㷢ģӡ
һʱ޼ƿʩ׿ֻܽѵˣڻ
ûµģûµģûµġ
ţŲʧȥףѵҪֵճ
ϢԽ΢׿ǿŲԼ죬㲻Ҫô̡㡭㡭
ͣµһɲǣ׿챳ԶĶˣ壬һ߳һߺ
ûҩһ̣ѾʼĵˣһҹգڽԼ͵شųȥ
Ϳ׿ϱѾʡµճ㣬һǱ벻
￩һ£ŵĻЩ˵죡졭챳
׿콫˷ڴϣѸٳ룬̽Ѩλ˽ȥ
ȴûκηӦ
üѵõ뷨æȥ̽ճ
һ̣͵صһȻԷѨⲻ
æѨճ㣬Ѩϣ˼Σǰ忪
Ѩ⿪˲䣬ճȵɫѪӿͻȻ۾ǻһڴɺѪۡһ£ĵǣ׿춼ûܱ⡣
Ѩճ㣬б޵룬׼ݵĳճĶͷ˽ȥ
գ۹ճ㣬˻ȥ
εʱҪһγãֱ̫ȥҲû
׿£˭ȰҲߣڼ֮ģҹճóҩġ
ˣճȥϴ
ճʲô̡
ʱҪүʱҩΪճ㲡׿Ｋ޲ǸܲʹĥԼ
ֹʱڴ˳Ҳƣˣһţͳӣȥ
׿æȥ򡭡
ûʣͰ˰֣ҶˣܲͦҪԼ
׿৵һ£˵ʲôأҽôһа취ģ㡭
࣡͸Σܶ鶼ô򵥣үĲҩҽñеѩΪҩҲֻѹڵѪƶѡ
̾˿֪ĲֻҪºһҩѹƵʱԽԽ̣ϴϽҾʶˣĲ֢ԽԽءλѾڼҩ㿴ֻҩʱ˼ʱŲסˡ
ЦԼҲʶˣҹԷѨ²ʱһֻɱ˵ħҲںģڶԳ壬Ǹζ֪ܳŵεѾܲˡ
׿ԽԽ𣬡ѵһ취û𣿡
ﾡãȻ̧ͷű¹⣬ҡҡͷͦΣҲǰһ죬ᱻѪɡ
׿һҲͨһ¹ڵϣǱֽˣһа취ġǿҩĸ塭˲Σõ˲Σ֥ѩֻҪ˵һҵҪʲôҶҵ룡롭
Ѿһ̲ࡣ
Щ۵Ŀ࡭
ȷʵΪҲ̿ȥʱһ룬Ҳһҽ߸ġ
Ҫһ취ȷʵһ
׿Ȼǰһץס˾һ㣬˵ʲô취
мأһֶԡ֮ЧĳģȥĲҵ֪
ԡ
ͷȷʵһ￴أȴķֹȻҲֻ˵һ㣬֮Ը׿죬ϣһϣѣʱȥһҲͶûôҪˡ
׿ȴüһ壬￴֡

 39 

һҹߣ׿Լԡˡ
ǻΪʱһڻϵ޹УСײһӣɴӹһ̴ľУĸ֣Ϻԡ
ʱ˵ϺĶǲû;ֻǸɢҲ͸
һʽǺζˣʮҲ˶ٺõıҲͳʯͷûʲô
ʱ׿첢δȴŵ˿˿߱ǵӦжġ
Ƕõ֣ܾܲճ
ڶһ磬׿ȥ˿ճ㣬ȻţɫѾһЩҲ۶ûϣһֱڵҩȻ˵ڵÿճԼ컯ˣȴûз
ʣõԡǲǾа취Ȼ
һ㶣Ҳ֪û˼ԡʲô
׿ȻĵͷǾ͵õ˵
ӪʿǶѵˣæӭȥ࣡
ûѾ˺ע⡣
ա
֪׿ҳ£ΪԶݣҪȥġļ磬|㵨ӻһ£ֲܿɡ
׿鲢ɣ׿޹𣿡
ʲôãؼǻŲšü˺ˣ˵ˣ֪֪ѵӪٹ£ɾҪտˡ
ˣ
ѽ˹صˣܴսˡ
ս׿ôڴһ£ȴһ㾫ûС
׿ĶǡԡҲֱȥͻҪҪǻô֪СԡǾζ˵ˣֻһ취ȥ͵
Ҫڻʹ͵ûôףһ˰ȥ
ɲԴҽһι
һ£˵ʲôҴ
׿˵ͷԣҽһι
һߣ̲סɻ󣬡
׿˵ǣүһڹҵðһ
ʲôүôԼȥңɸ̫ҵͺ
ǵġ׿ЩΪǶܸ֪Һү֮䡭
ɫ˲׹
ʵھйǵĹϵԵȷܶ࣬δϹɽ׿ԼôһᣬЩ̽ܵľȸС
ס˺£ǸҪǲ˵Ҳûʹȷʵͦģ֪үģֺο࡭ȻҲ˵үãֻǱϾԶûгͷյġ
Ҳں׿켫Ϊ̹ȻЦ£˵۹⣬һǸүôңֻҪֵã㹻ˡ
кܶ໰׿һ˫ᶨޱȵȥˣȻҲʮˣδĵϲʲôˣҲ˽һ˾Ϊһ˸̶ֳȣ׿޻ڵ۾ȻЩڴ
ڴԼҲһֵáŮӡ
ãô㣿
Цβ̣۽ǵɰĿˡ
Խɿ̫Ϊ̫ﱸЩҾʹӵӣ˹ȥҶҵ˾ڹſڵ㣬һ
ҡҡͷףҪϱģ鷳Ҹūǲܽġ
ûϸ룬ô죿
Ҳͷ˵һȥ߶ǲܵ£ҪǸиӡ
ʲôӣæ׷ʡ
̫иСϲãرϲ˿壬ǰͳһЩõ̫еľ¸̫嶫ûеľҪǸҾͿ԰ȥȻ˹㻻һŮ·ȥľȥģֲǹҪȻүĶҰɣҰңҾԲ˵ȥ
׿һһһȭϣͰ취
һʱûӦʲô취
׿üͰȥ
㻹簡Ȳѣǿֲүǡ
׿ߣһӣ¶װ׵ĸ첲ұϸƤģͲүˡ
һѽǣ
磬׿ڴһһ
͵˹ſǰһСһ³ͿźӵѾڵˡ
׿ջ˵㵭ױü֮仹ǻӲЩñ
Ѿת˰죬һˣæӭȥȿ֮󣬰û˵ֱĶţЩˡ
ǰֻ׿ΪһжҲ̫Щû뵽ŮװȻȻЩƲˣ
׿챻ò̫Ȼɤʣʲô
һѺƮԶ˼˻ü˵Ҫڻô¡
׿˸ƫŮӵϸɤأ
ͷúúãá
ת˼Ȧ࣬ƽ˵ݣ㻹ݣ·Ȼһ㶼Υ͡
׿ûٺǿ߰ɡ
Ҳٵ飬һ·ϺһЩ飬׿춼һһӦ£˴жʵΪðգǱץܻܿ׿Һͺ벻һ뵽ճ㻹Ϣ΢ڴϣ͹˲ôˡ
˹У˰ԭƻֿ׿һ֮أ׼õĹŮΣϾҲڹڴ˰꣬ԸǼΪϤġ
ϵ޹Ϣʱ䣬ΪĻ׿춼ָơ
ʱ䣬һ鷿ʱŻصӵȥ
޹һĸֵСֻ̫࣬Ҫƹǣ޹ӦþͲʲôˡ
׿ĽӵѸٵҵǰײİ񣬹Ȼ䣬̴򿪹ӣӺƿޣһһţһ㣬Ϥ̴ľС
Ϻԡ
̴ɢŵζ׿̽ãս˻
øոշĺۼ׿ĵ俴һۣûˣһֻҪƽȥճоˡ
׼߳ʱ⴫һ̫
Ϣŭ
ϢŭλϲǸܣ˰ڲ֮У˭Ǹʵۣ

׿ĵãϽص˵䣬Ҳȫ۾æתİ취
ͻȻһɨõĵӣһץģڵдҾæ
ųһȭľϣŵһӹȥæȰ塣
׿䣬Ϊϻڷóȥˡ
ҪǵǴͲᴦ̫ʲô˼
ŵæſڿ˿ȷû˺Ȱ£̫ȻϣҲΪ˱ºʹ룬ǧ뷨
ϳ̾˿ֱ֧ͷ֪˼
ȥɣһ徻һᡣ
ҲΪΣȴΥʥֻð˳ȥ
׿Щżøں빬֮ǰȥſڼϣô뿪
ԥʱгĵһһֻƿϣһ졣
׿͵һʣ˭

 40 

ļ淽ʽˡ
׿һ룬࣬Ҳι໭档
һ棬ǰûʱȥţԵǹ࣬ζ㣬ץＹ˿Ƥ룬峴
ǵã˵ΪˣصطԸŷġ
ֻЩֶʵΪˡ
ϻϲǵ׿ʱȴǺԥľͷ
һ仰˵
׿ԳЦ£սӣͷ˳ȥ
ٴϣľ޲ⶼˣֻϿԻȥ
æڵأϣūɨ֪ͻȻŲ
һǸСŮ˿ϣʱʱɨȥɡ
ǡ
׿û뵽ô׾͹˹أæҪߣûͱס
ȵȡճ׿һɫ˹ȥĶ
׿ľѣתͷȥ˫ţӹ
ճȴûзֵ˼ɣƬ̺ʣʲô֣޺δ㡣
ҡ׿ȻֻڲִټϹһūСǸոհӵɨġ
С
͸ķţ
׿æľȻ֣꣬ǰƽһ
ֻ֣Щ㣬ֵˣҲɡ
[Ҫ⳼]
[߲ˣ]
[ϴôãȻˡ]
[ӽ]
Ϊ۲Ŵ͵׿ϵֶһɢˡ
ū澾ˡ
˵ţ׿Ҫȥ
ȵȡһֹ
ϻҪԸ𣿡
üΪһֱͷ̧ͷ޿

̧ͷٳδЩͷ
׿ﶨ˶һδǿҲʲô
Ȼ̧ͷ
㡭
͵һԭأ˵ϤУüɫڼ
׿˲һļ£֪Ͽʲôϵ飬ȴٴȥˡ
˲ȥ־æµͷһݣūˡ
ٷɿ˵꣬ת˴
һʱԭأȷӦʱѾܵſڣæУȵȣ
׿ֻûӽ˽Ų
׷ʱѾûӰ߬еİɫ־ڱǼᣬһֺص㡣
С¶һĨײЦݡ
׿һ·ִܵԼõĵطѾһ֣˿
ϳɡ
׿ͷ
׷࣬׿ۺŪȥҲ֪ǹⲻЩյüͷ
Ұôæ治˵˵
׿ӳź󣬾Ŵ⿴ߵһֵľʱ׿ͣ˳һȥͷԺл㣬ˡ
ɿĳȺε̾˿ûء
׿һŮװԺʱһֱԺŵǫһ´ϵȥ
㡭
׿˽ȥ˵ϵǫ¿һȦУأ
Ա䷿һָ
׿Ŷ룬óһ̴ľгڰҩ˵ҵˣԣ
ԣüһ壬ֻǴ˵֮״ôҵģ
׿򿪺ӣ˲һ㵴ڿ˶ʱˬ
ӹһһɫͨ͸Ľװⶫɢ㡣
ԺڵҲζ׷˽ǫǰʲôô㣿
׿ڴĿǲǣܾү𣿡
ⶫܾүǫȵ⵽ʲô
Ƭ̣˺ӣء
׿쿴ı飬Щģ򣿡
Ҳش̾һϲϸأҪһԡ
ôԣһ໥һۡ
ԸУȥһֻ
Ǵ˵ԣǶܾճһǣѾճ˵ҲǲתĶҩ
ߺⶫҵģ
׿룬Ϣ͸¶ȥһΣա
һ£ҡȥʹ͵ġ
ʲôǫһ͵͵ģ
ͷԣ²֪
ӣΪ˽͵ǫָָһĹŮװ
һֱƵüʣô֪ʹ
׿㣬ǲ֪ôԲ⣬ûпȥʹֱҩġ
첻˵ʲô
ˣҩɡ
׿˲һãȥү
ȫ룬Ҫ
֪ˡ
׿ƿյķţŵ˽ȥ
ճڴţʼܿӢĲ
׿ÿһലͿ϶룬죬ȴΪֻ˯һ
׿쵣˷磬°ѴãԼڴµĽ̤¡
ȣֱϥϣ°͵ţ·Сһ
ճѾ죬ʱûҪѵļ
ڽſڣճ֤ģὫ׿ҢƽĴ
ôͲ֪ԼƽĴ
ţֹסĵ׿æֲճǰޡ
ү˵ٹ£ӪоҪˡ˵ǰȥ࿼ģһμӿˣҲ࿼ɣ
ұԹ˵ÿ󷨵Ŀⶼرѣλ֪ܹܲء
иϣƽĺҿţСʱ򿴵ҵء
ܵõõĳɼүҺһȥսǴӦҵġ
ôǳ֮һûм౱ϷأҲûȥûпķ羰
ˣȥһΣòã
׿һ˵ţһ߬ȭͷÿ˵һ䣬İۡ
ճĸоһֱģģ֪ճãҲְδ˼ճĹϵ
ΪѾˣֻҪ˳Ȼͺˣ
˳Ȼĵ·ϣȴʱһЩֲ·
ڵ׿·վһ޴Ĳ·ϣһǼ޹·һͨһԾҲԨ
ǰѡ񣬵ѡˡ
Ҫѡ··ճ㣬һвء
ܻٴΪһθˣҲΪһ¸Ҷ޺

 41 

н׿Ѿ°װصԺϾǸ㡣
Χ䷿ҩ
СǱι˶ҩһϢʱֱι˵õĽҩ
ǵȴ
ſţ˵Ķɫ䣬۾ĶţûжＫΪ˶ϢԴ
ڣӶ䶯һ£˽ţŴ
ֹ˰ʱ䣬ֻڹŹ߹һ̵ӣѾȫָ˻ıʲôûһ
׿ϲѣǲ˵үĲоˣ
üҲ࣬һԡ
׿ȻΪճֻһһʱȫѻָҲû뵽ȴʱ侹
£Խ˷ǳİ취ճɲֹۣʱмԺ߽˼䣬׿컹ΪҪˣãȻ۾
˵סѾһˡ
ճ£׻סˣȻ˵Ǿɼò뵽ճʱ
̽˲٣ͬ̽ϢҲ٣׿ȫˣճҪҪЩʵĹػ
죬׿ѵһˣճûǰһΪٳѵɥһԼĳɼˡ
Ҳ˿ˣܹ׷ƲֵģΪү𣿡
ͷʵΪճ㵣ģİҲûнչ
̫ѹˣҪҴȥɢɢİɣڼҲƣǫҲϣǾȥԣòã
׿˼ȥ棬ҡҡͷ˵ɣү岻ãһ߶š
㰡һ˿꣬ʶԼĲףһЩ˵ҹүߣչ˵Ŀɺˣȥ˲𣿡
׿ЩΣҪƭֻжݶ˵Ϊ㣬ڿôչĸܣʱζ
ʵ
ô
ʵҺĹϵ
𣿡ţôĴԣһ㶼⣿
׿첻֪ôֻͣҧҧ촽Ҳ˵Ժлһ㣬ҵûȥˣǡ
ߵˣ˵ôζʹ죬ߵϵʯӣõһȺȥֵģ׿鲻ãټϺ쳳ŷҪǫôһٶõİ취
صȻ׷ʣôǫȥȥ
ɫѣɵҲ֪ôͿǫǸˡ
֪ûȥӪһû˵
ʱˣξɼͦصģǫǿ˶ûȥӪҲӦȥˡ
һѹӣһ¾ͷ
磬ϲһϲˣô죿
һ٣δ顣
ʶΪ֮ӣϵҫԸ׽ͽ˳ҾӪоϣƾԼҵ
飿ϲЩ̫Զˡ
Ȼʱ濴ȥһӣʵʱ޿̲ԼҪĸǿҪĸá
磿
쿴һӲ˵ˣǰҡҡ
죬Ժһһϲˣһץס
ϲ㣿
ԣϲҡ
ں˼ʱ춼һҲһ
ͫ˰Ӱ£ûҵһѭڸոİ̽˵ҵǰӰʹ糡
糣ʮǰΰӰʹڰӰɢ֮ûϢˣôʱͻȻˣ
ʹͫǰûʲôľҲڹϣҵ˶ʮǰʧˣһкҪķ֣İ̲̽ļ֮£ҵôؼһǸͻƿڣ̲ͫЩˣ͵͵ǰѯʡ
ֱʱѺһܷݣֳͫһʹھȻˣͷӣڷһǣǽڣȻûҪ˵˼
ֱͫһӣ˸˳ȥ
ڵĺѾʮˣûյķ
ͫչȥһ£ôǽ̦޺㻹ܿ
һҪɱҪϤ㣬؆ˡ
ǿɲУ
⻰Ǵ˺ƵãЦĸ˼֣Ҫɱˣ㰴飿ߣʽѣүҾͲЩ˰ɡ
ͫл׷ʣʲô˼һη鰸㲻ҲǾľˣô˵ΪΣ
ƳۣǰץҪңǾͶְɣطϻڶʮǰ͸ûˡ
⻰ˣץΪ˷İӰ˼䣬Һܿһɱйء˵ʲô˼Ϊڶʮǰ͸ûˣ
ɱüͷܣӰڶʮǰûˣô˼䣬߻ɱһˡ
ûгԻᶨᣬֻҪ֪ҡ
Ʋͷȥʲô֪ҪɱɱҲˣʮҹ͵Ҳá
ͫﰵ˻Ǹ¿ƢӲβںһ֪飬ǽ⿪ɱĹؼ
ӣô˵㲻֪ɱ
Ҳ֪糺ߵ
ۣͫҸ㣬ǰڵϹӵĺ״˴ɱӣֻͷϣ˶ʮǰڰӰеͷͼڡǻſͼŶ֪ζʲôζŵ갵ӰɢʱԤƱȫٵĹͱ˸ܿ˲֪ĵطֲһӰ
Ѿסˣһš
ôͫЦѵİӰʹԴ¾ȫȻ֪𣿡
ⲻܣ񶨣ȻԽȷҡͷܵģܵġ
ͫʲôܵģ֤֤ڣӰʹɱ֮ѾѲ˸ϵˡ
糺һץסʲô֤ʲô֤
ͫһЦ㲻֤˵ӰʱǲŵģںȻҵˣڹۣ˵ɲɣ
ǵġ͵ҡͷһ춼ԭģҸɵģҸɵģ
ͫ۽һʵңʮǰӰʲô£ʮַʲô
糶ʱʧĻС

 42 

ʮǰӰʱ׿ϽӵʥʥּȻ˵ǽɢӰּﻹһ⣬ɱ֪ţ׿
Ӱʮ
֪̫ˡ
ʹв̣׿ҲΥʥʱһ
ӰɢǸϣʮڸڣڳ磬һǲҪٹ춼ǸĶҪľǣоƣһԾҡ
һʱ׿ڵࡣ
ǰһ̻˸߸ˣһӾţ밵ӰʱǲûҲûһΪԼ֪̫ڣֻû뵽ķʽһ㶼׳һ㶼ֵá
׿ϸʮһѡҪôһƣЩܴ±ȥҪôеĽһĵӡ
Ȼһ
ǵڶѡ¾Ƶˣ֪˵ѡ񣬵֪Լû
һɳ۵δŵܿܿ׿ھµĶһֽС߻աҾƣ־˳ʼ״ʱѡ˾Ƶˣʵӹһ٣ѡõˣѱڰӰĽɱˡ
ʣ׿أ
ֻܿ̾糱ˡ
ʮԼڱ󣬴ʾҷˣ׿ϲһֻˣ׿ҷڣڻпʹ׿ˣǣ
ֻ׿ϵǱġ
׿ϻǵ͹˻Ҫ׳Ӱģ糲֪ΰ¶ģܿ춼ǽʱ׷͵ˡ
Ȼأͫԡ
Ȼ󡭡ܿΪڻߣ¡
֮󣬺Զûлع衣
ֱǰӱ˿˵һ£֪ܿţػشġ
ʮУ֪˭䣿
ҡҡͷ±ѹûʲô̽ϢΪޣֻʣһҲ˵
ͫ˼ţҲ˵ӰǼпܴڵġ°ͣһ˵ͨܿ˵˺ȶƵ֮⣬˶ɱˣ԰Ӱ֮µľֻЩ˶Ƶ֮еģ׿ϽҲо֮ˣΪλ԰Ӱ֮ݺ׿أ
糺ۣģһĵ֣һ׿ϽĺãԴɱ˾Բǵ갵Ӱˡ
ͫһǼϵͷôͣӦ֪ǶǲܸƵġ
Ҳ֪糴ӵʥּбϡаӰۼĶöٵˡ
ۼˣ
ʮɱŻٵģȷʵ۾±յģʱڳĻ׿Ͻλ֡ۿվϨ𡭡
ɼͷܱµİɣͫͻȻһӰʵģȻľʵļ˻ᱻջ٣Ƶļͷǻᱻµģ
糺Ȼ
ͫվת˼Ȧ㻹ǲǵ÷պʣµĻҽôģ
糴ǲŬȥ룬ʱյĹģܴӵеϺ͹ߡһյġ
ˣˡԡʱڳһһӣյģȻˣ
ͫһϲǰסļ磬̫ˣӦûǵǸλðɣȥ
æӵվȻжʮδӦûҵ·
ȻΪӰȻ԰Ӱ֮мթ֮£;Թۡ
׿͵ĶʮعǸû׿ˡ
ֱͫʱһ˼춼н֣ͣ˺Ĵǰ
Ϊ׵ǰãݵļӼű
ŵ̽˷˽ȥȥݳ౱ȡܺǹжڡԡļء
׿ⲽڴֺ£һİ취ãǴֻÿȥˡ
չмصķһζҩС
ȣϼΪƽѾҳһţһҩȥɫǾˡ
ʱҩСߵճ㷿У׿æ˹
нճ׿ҨһףᴵԺȵ¶ȣȥճ
ЩʳȫҩţѾԵȥ
һһףҩѼף°ճ׿ǺñӣҴñǡ
˷ֲڷĸ۾ĶŴϵˡ
û˵ΪǶ֪Ѿĳˡ
ҩϣҲǾ
̫ӶߵƲҹĳ
̫չ⴩ϣȻĵģûǷϢǷš
죬ճϺޱ仯죬˾ڵ졣
յʱ׿Ҫͷһյơ
ҲƽˣԸˡ
׿ߵԣҪȡµ֣һȡ
ʶĿȥճۣ԰׵ϣһĨЦ
˲䣬һ˹ȥ
ˡ
δ䣬ճִӱסָҡҡɤӰοûˡ
ŷӦΧ׿óλãΪճΡ
һȲѣ̾ҩ
׿ϲ̲סʣүû˶ǲǣ
סĵͷԣүûˣûˡ
ллأллأûˣճûˣ
˶һǫû׿ᣬҲǼⷢᣬճʱãܻжôס
ҽƱסˡ
˲٣Ҳûǰյ࣬׿ЦǰĹͣҵҩ
ǫָյİԣ˵ô֪ʹⶫҽȥ͵
׿ǰһ뻹ճϲУһ⻰̾æǫ˼ۣĺĺ
ճȻɻţһ㶼ʡ
ࣿȥʹΪ͵ҩ
׿￩һ£ûøô£ɴ֮󼪰ɡ
ǸүҲˣһ˰ɣȥԸЩ
˵ţһ̵ܳӡ
ҹɫŨ̲ס̣Ȼ֪ôȥҩ⣬ճ׿ȷһ¡
ճˡ
ݰٴʧȥУȻһΣܲһΡ
ǰδ࿴ճһۣ춼һǲǽ᲻ͬ
ƺҲûʲôѹģΪڣѾӵźһС
ֻҪץסճȫ塣

 43 

ճϢ˲䴫춼ǣµ̽˾͸ˣ׿ûеȻճ޴󰭣ߵҪġ
ڶһ磬麫Զʹźһ֮󣬺ճ󣬡үܲܰѰǫҰ
ճü㣿
ԶЦ˳ԭˡ
ԶתͷճЦүǲ֪Сʲô̰ɣʵ궼ڸģҲ֪ôģͬϳҪȥȥ棬ҲˣŲ֪ԭӽշҪͬϳ̽үΪǰѡ
У΢ķүȻһȴ£۾һת˳ܴѣǾ͸ˡү㲻֪ǰģʱү˯ţȻϺҳȥ
ճ㿴׿ǫһۣȻԺȻǵҪĿЩ˱ˡ
ģϲüңллү
ճֶ׿ǫһҪעⰲȫ
ǡ׿컹塣
࣬͸ȥɡҲȰҪǲȥ϶Ὺĵġ
ˣ׿Ҳֻ˳˵⣬Ǻðɡ
ֱĸ׿ʶĸ𣿡
ǫͺһ࣬϶һ㣬̸˽ţǫһεƵÿ׿졣
׿̲סЦȻԺǲ⣬ٴɺã
ȻνҲϲֵˣѽ˭
ͣ˽Ƭ̺ˡ
˸߲ҵ׿ߣ࣡ɶûˡ
ſǰһһ׿æסضˣЩ˶ûйְλôнҪÿͶСү¹򲻳ɣ
ŲǸ˼һ»
׿ЦŰοѽȻǳȥ棬Ǿƽƺˡ
Ѿ֪ǵݣһǰסŵ֣ҿһСһЩԽƣ춼ҲûʲôѣԺҪˣʱ档
УһʱҲ֪ηӦֻõͷߵһЦлл㡣
춼⼸³˲ٸӣټ͸ǵѵѾϽʱʵ˲٣׿Σűԣò˵СӻŴϰϵֵģ죬׿ٶԸѾҪȫעʤˡ
ϳˣֱǽ
˵춼Ǹɶõĺȥɽˮֵʢģ봹ĿԴҰԵĿҰԣǹȥҲģɽĺӣļʢһЩԳɷ羰
ǫ󣬵ѣҲܺദһƬһ·ϴ˵ЦģμҽҲ˷˲٣ȵ˵طʱѾͺǿԴżֵˣҲ࣬ʲôʹʲôżҲ˵ЩЦ
׿ǫƵãʱʱһЦǫû˺һԳֵҲֵУ׿͸˵˼ͻճϷء
˳׿ⰻȻи̾ȻǸõط
Զɽ͵֣ƣˮб硣
ǵͣһС·С·ľͷһƬĺһбһһƬӣ֣Զܝɽ
Ҳ׷ױ⾰𾪵ˣ˭뵽ڷ춼⣬˼ɫ
ǫԭѰôһõطģôû˵
ֻǵ̻֮أЩ
ǫƲۣ˳һš
׿һ̲סЦļ硣
ܰɡ
ǻ̾ʱ򣬶Ѿܵ˺ߣһ֣߳һ߼ЩСʯӣһһĶ
׿쿴･˵أǽܶ˳ˡ
ǴװŽεĶԵļҶѾʼ½ϵĶһƽ̹Ĳݵأκʹߡ
űȥæǱһקȥ˺ӣ֣ϵûӧֹܹ
׿첻޸֮ĹﵥȥȻΣǻҪСʲôⷢ
ں棬ŮĲӣⲻԼǰʱʮ꣬ڿ̫Ĳͬˡ
빬вأⲻñ𷣣Ҳ۰ǻ̫ǰ˵ǵһȥȱ̫лʱ·԰еһƬӣССĻȴ˾̫̾ķ򣬷ʱѹ躮ɺӣȻȻš
ϱ˵ӣ㣬ȻȻľͷ
ʱֻǵ٩һɴ
֪ϸ׿ҺȻȻ
ЩδĳĽּȢӣ̫ŬĸĹɵһӵһΪԵôηηβˣ
һֱ룬Ϊ˼ɵĺκ¶ܻ
˿ںӧƺͻȻˡ
Ϊں
ǰ׿죬վǰŮ䲻֪£˼ֻҪǰлȻʵġ
ڵ׿죬˼ˣ𡢸鱳ѣǰգܲ
ֻǣһսˡ
ճ㡣
ж磬Ψһϣ
׿һ֦ڵϵĺӣѾƬ꣬ɲҲȻڵһ
׿ҲƬǱԼժģһƬټٵݣһƬǲΪ֪ǰ
Ц£⣬ҫȫĻ꣬
ٺճ֮䣬κεˡ
Ϊ£׿ıظ֦ƵĺӣСĻš
ΣֻҪ⣬ǿһ䡣
ճʱǰͣ
Žŵץźֱۣ㣬ǡǸ˰ɣ
׿һ˲񾭣˼лŮ̽ŲӣǰԶһڲݴеĺɫӰ˹ȥ
ʲôˣ
׿һҲشҲûж
ȻһõԤУǰ˷˹
Щ£æ׿Сġ
ȻˣڲݶһѾû֪Ůӡ
ȥǱͷݲݣۿ࣬ɢųζ׿ע⵽ϴĸɫ·һɫļ£ֻͷѾãطѾãɫҲˣټģԶԶſɲǺɫġ
ŶҲ˹һ˴ľǼ£
찡Ȼ

 44 

ʶ
̽ǰֿһۣȷ룬ǰޣһ
ޣ׿һ£ŮӿȥЩͣݣһ𲻿ĺ£ȫ๸Ǹ˵ȷм
׿æ̽̽ŮӵıϢк
ȰŲݵǱȥ˵ţŮӵĸ첲Լļϡ
Ͷںߴ֣һ׿쿸˸˻ϵı鶼˱䣬ǫĺŲ裬Ҳ̸
ʣô£˭
Щδĵް϶ǰޣ
ޣǫתǰֽŮӴ׿Ϸһ¡
Ůӱû˺ۣϢƽȣƽӦֻǻȥˡ
ӺߴһЩˮæŮӲ˲๸ϴȥŮӵ϶Żǳ˰̣Ϊ
˶һ̲סʣ˵İ޵˭
ǫЩ̲סŵ˿ȥͶŲ֪ޣ춼ǳǣӦһ֪޵Ĺ¡
ޣһӡ
˵йһѾ̸ۼ޵ķΪ˸õǰ;ڳɻȻͷˡ
Ǵһɫļ£춼ǵĴСԼķ
ûмˣҲû֪ʲôǾͽޡ
춼Ҳֻ¶ѣʧˣǶΪĳصĵطϾһʲôıİ취Ǻ½춼⿴޵Ӱ԰޵ĹȻ춼
ÿŮˡ̲סԼĸףΪ˰ܲˣΪ˶ô˿
ߵܵߣסļ򣬰οš
ҲЩ㱣߸˵ĳ棬ȴ£ô죿
׿ֶڵϼһûµ˺ۣӦֻǻȥˣôݣû׼ǶģЩɣܲѡ
ŵͷãȥ
Ҳû飬еò׼⡣
쳶ǫӣ˼ǰôⰡôƽʱʲôأ
ǫѵõİοӣҲúܺãƾǵܣˡ
ҲǣҲǷġƲƲ죬Ҫǲô죿Ҫȥ𣿡
ҲЩΪѣ׿룬ܼܲȰɡ
ǡ룬Ǵȥô찡Ȼ﷿ܶ࣬ҪǱĸ֪һסҪˡ
׿˵ͷȷȥҲȥһһַȥ̽ĵط
룬ҵһطȥ
׿ü
ҺͽȥΪ˷㣬ݸǰѰһլӵģҲʰ׵ˣֻΪĸԼȥסһֱûаȥҪҸĵطȥլӰɣûбˣ徻Ҳʱ
ǫͷ⵹Ǹ취ҲøҸúüһ¡
ŶŲ裬ǵ죬Ҳͬĸͣҿչ
ɶιЩˮȥ˻ûҪѵļ
˱ٵˣϿ޻سȥҪ
ȥ·ϣ׿ͺŰ޵һƲֵӣúõȴ
ĺļ磬ǸҲûܺúù
عЦЦȴȻЩͣʲôñǸģܾһҲǻˡ
׿컹ǾЩⲻȥҪִҪܰ޵¡
ҪǰٺðޣҸطȼô
˵Ҫ۾һ£ðһûȹأ
۾ܿͰȥ
׿뻺ͻգײײļ򣬡Ⱦƻˣ
̧ۿЩͳ̾̾࣬ʵҲΪŶѹֻǺȻһֵֺĸо
ʲôо
ҡҡͷڿ޺󣬾ָоˣһ
ôܣ׿Ȥ޳µʱŶ󣿻ûذɡ
ҲεЦˣɣСֻĹ£û뵽һ쾹˵ô꣬ôģһ˷ģǲ˼顣
׿ĬƬ̣Ⱥ˹ŮˣȻ˼ͬ飬ԲŻڿ޵ʱ򣬾ľ׿˵ҲǼ£ȴЩʹࡣ
ۻŵˣ˵ˣǼӣ᲻һ˿ھΣ
ѾһΣ֪ů׿һ϶Ĵ𰸣ζ˵ĻΪǰ;޵ˣǿڵӣھεһȴǿ϶ġ
ĺɣأֻҪԺ𹼸ϲĹС
䣬洫һ֣켴ͣ
׿ͺ³ȥԭͫһɵס·
񣬡μǬ¡
ͫһɫĳۣɫӣǰ˰֣ǫôܵˣ
ǰȥǬүǳ棬׼ȥء
ŶͫЦЦǱȥɡ
ɣүô˳Ҳİɣ
ͫһ£Ҫ죬ɶȥɡ
˵ţͫɢóһ·
ҲʣҴҰݱ𣬻صϡ·ʱ׿һĴУע⵽һ۵ӣڣͲС䣬ĿϬ˶ͬ
ӣ˳˼ͫһİ˽չ֪ǲйϵ
ͫĿ뿪ϵı糣Ѿôã㵱ȷԼûߴ򣿡
һµĺҡҡͷȷԼûмǴٱϵķٿӣλֻǵʱһƬ֣ʮȥʲôˡ
ֻͫң
ͣͣڿӣһûоȥһ
ֱͷ£ѣڵˡˡһײ
ͫһϲ죡ڣ
ͷһϵƽߣͫѾٿеĶ
ֻİʮֻͷ
̶϶˲յֻ
Ҳ˵һ˳
糽һֻͷ߬û
ͫ˽Щ֤պãȷǱô򵥡
Ǻڳ˵갵ӰƼͷףѵĻһΪ֪ġӰ
ź糣˳˼

 45 

׿ͺһѸٴŰȥ˶լȻμҽܻûס׿ѾԸ߶ڴɨʱס
һ䷿䣬Ѱް棬ִ춼˴򣬰һ£˵ûʲô󰭣ֻǳƶѪһЩֻҪúõܿͻָģ˵ֿ˼ҩǡ
׿쵣İûչˣȻϸģϾǸĿҲչˣǴӽ˼ִӽ˼СѾߣլҲˡ
ǼŰ޵壬ԶԸߣ׿Σֻ÷Ը׼Щ˺;ˮǸլůҲǸùˡ
ҹɫãڿУ¹ʢĵȣԺƱյ׿űӣǫһԴԼķʷ۵ͶЦǰϡ
ԱߣЦţʤҲûôȣ۾ʱ򰢼޵ӣʱ䵽׿ϣܿƿ
׿ΪǵĶǫǫעִ硣
ǫ˵Ȼ׿ϣɴת˻⣬Ͷ׿ȤһֱճߣҲôֻ̽ǼֽžƾǫҲûô˼ˡ
ס׿ļ磬࣬˵ʵүǲʶˣ
һסôôʣ
ǫصһЦֻ˵˵֮ǰҴûү˭ôù
ǵĶԻ˵ﻹ˵Ļǲֵܰ
׿쿴źѾ΢գЦǣֵܣȾƺȾơ
һǫҲ˸ոյ⣬ѾˣСƹһóĬĬȥϵľơ
¶ǣ׿ҲЩȣٿҲȵòˣǳСӻﵹæٺˡ
Ťĸ֣һһ
ǸСģȴòȳɳ׿쵽׻ģֻЭһ
ٺ١ĵЦſҲεЦЦ
ǫѾȵôҪ轣Ҳ塣׿Щܲסһ˵Ӱɴ࣬оǳ֪ԼǶˡ
˵ǫĹв£Ҳ뿴һ
ǫ컹һ°࣬ƽﲻýɴཫŵƽһ㣬С
书·вһǫȴ飬˵硣
ĿתĿǷɵӰǵЦⲻԶ
׿Ϊ˾ƣƱһ
˵ϲˣҪץסǸ˲ϲԼذࣿҲ𣿡
Ȼ룬ץסͲнˡ
׿ĬĬҡҡͷЩζղסġ
û뵽һֱĶţȻ˿ڣҲôΪЩעץסġҺ׿ĲһǣץסҲӦŬŲźɡ
׿첻ͷȥһμʱʹĹȻ˳ȼᶨ֪ǲǴڶŵУһĨ顣
Сү
ʱļҶܽԺ
ôˣʡ
Сүǡڸſڣ˵׿ӻȥ
ү׿ճ㲻ǽô͸ҵˣ
ǫҲͣЩΣŬάСүӦе̬ôү
ǼҶæ˵ˣү˵ͼλѺȾ죬š
ôУ˵žҪȥ롣
׿ճ㻰˼סȻԼ˵ʱҲˣҾȻȥˣүŻָ̫ãǼɣǧ¡
ԶŷԸǫ˲پƣҲЩˣʰһ£ˣͱˡ
һЦӦ£á
ȻߵǰͳһǵʱĽ׹ǰʱؽʱ׿ҢѾ͸˾ҵС
͵Ȼ󣬵㾫׹ˡ
ۣȽ˹ȥƯĽ׹ҵأ
׿ЦЦȻٲģվ͵㸮ȥ
Ͻһϲ
һжٺˣ׿ڳ˶լһסˡ
ΪճٻһҲаɣʵֻԼԵվǡ
ЩһֱڴϣҲվڿյĽԵø
ôࡣ
׿æ˹ȥճת˹ڿһ˲˴ǡ
ˣ
ɵģȵҹһһιЩƶȵա
ǣס֣ڿľ˶٣ߵö𣿡
ûôģ¶һ֣ȻЩͷתˡ
׿һڣԴүôһˣôúڸ壿
֪׿ڵԼ壬㰲ο˵׼ˣųġ
˵ԳǾһûˣ׿Ц䣬Ŀġ
ǻȥɡĶҪˡ
á׿Ҳճһǣһִӱǰߡ
һᣬճȻͣ½ŲȻǰ
׿һ£ճҪ
ûµүҿԼߣοźһЩ̫ˡ
ȴΪද˵һ飺
ԭزô˼øողճ㱳أ
ճε̾һҲѯˣֱӽ˱ϣá
Ц£мأˣ
Ȼճ˵׿ﻹǺܲģѾǰ࣬Ȼ̫ʵ˲١
ô˵Ҳһˣôֻмأ
ճȴСһ㣬㲻ֻء
׿ЩЦãճǵ
Ȼôã˳Ʒˡ
׿һůӺ§סճıͷĶһǡ
˹Ȼһ£ûͣסŲǴЦʣʲô
׿Լ׷ɵ˼ԼǰĿѾճ̹κܣǸʱ
ſ촽ճĶ䣬Ĭá
ںĴŽҰк˳һ
žĿǣƻõĵүһΡ
Ŷ
Ȼүȴ

 46 

ճ㣬ԵĽһ٣Ȼͣס
̣˭
׿ƾͷԽӵճ㱳ϣ˵źΡ
һңԶˡ
ճɫ˱䣬Ĭòӣ
׿Լŵϣ˴Щˮմʪӣ
׿룬ճһǵ˵ûзϣȴ֪ǹ˶Ÿҽ˵
ûﵽĿĵ׿ЩԹԼͷϵķٰĺڷ׿ճ֣ߣ
ճļָȥѰ¶ȣʮָۣЦŵүǲǾҺˣ˵
ճ̫ѨٿҵȻǲԸ׿˵ֻǸΣעǸΡ
һңԶˣξʵĸܹ
ʵʵڵļ尾Ԩ
òķʽӭ⣬ǱҲصڰȥ
ʹֻһζѡ
ֻϧڡ
һ仰˵׿˾ƣȻΪУ˳Ʊסճһĸ첲
֪үҵ⣬ԲŸ㡭׿ţ۾ȥѰĿ⣬ݰ⽻һ̣һ£ǡȾβǿɰ롣
һεˡ
ճôƬ̵ʧڵͫ׽ŴＫΪһ˵Լһεˡ
ճȴȷϵһΣ˵ʲô
׿ԽᶨԼ֧š
˵һεˣνΣоǰһ
ճһסˣ˵ģ
׿֪һʱ⣬ĵĽ֪ͣ϶ܷ˼ңʵķˡǰһ߳彮үҡ빬˻
СȥճԷӦΪ𾪣͵ز׿졣
׿ЩƲۣ˿ûע⵽ճ۾װĸǲţǲ˼顣
ҡҲ֪ΪʲôһҸûл㣬һ㣬һѡģǰһ³Ҳͦҵˣ˵ԼҲһơ

Ļȫճ
ճ㱧סΪңڴ˺ĥţһȴܵĵ
ǣʱ̣ʱ࣬׿챻׵κ̲סأ
׿ճЩԾ˵ﲻԾѾǵûа취˼ճ˲·ָķ˿ϣһֻıϣɵڴ齼䣬һֵֻڱ棬ӸµĻ
ʲôû˵ҲûмĶֻǷĶͷ۾Ǽ⡢ǡ
һϧıһСϣԼĺۼ
ү
֮ʱһӵ
һΣճûκεĹ˼ɣע˶УһԵ̯ԼĲͷ񣬸Լĸ顣
ǿϲɬǰ˾ȻǧȴԸѡˡ
׿죬Ǹʮ¶Ĺԡ
ûпԼֻһδεĸģϧġġġտģ׿һݿȣҹ׽ȼ
עȼմԹ޻ڡ
ıһֱ׿Ϊ˾ƣѳ˯ȥճȴһҹߡ
ǵЦѾ¶˿̵飬֪׿һֻ̣һ
ӵˡ
ٵĺ£ϳֻٽ⣬׿жԷƱݸжǿȶĽ
ڣһжû塣
еˣȫ
׿ڴӻѹճɱŻơ
һƣճӦúɡ
ɵ׿쿴ȴʲô˵ˣҲճĲһ
ү̽ʣôˣ
ճϵı飬ȻָоԼδʵ˽
ճȴһЦͷһǡ
˵ҲһΡ
ʲôΣ׿컹ûȫѣЩơ
һһΣ

׿һѹҹĿԼճ˵£ֻǡȴδƺŰɣ
㡭ô֪
ھ㤣ճЦЩͷҺͬΣȻ֪
ͬΣ׿۾ճ⻰˼Īǣ
Ҳһε˰
ʲô׿صȥǰһƬ¶˳
˲ߵ죬æ˻ȥѱӸǺá
ճЦ۽ǣת˵űǸȴΪ⡣
ҹ˯̫ұûа㴩¡
׿ڱ۾̲סԹˣû
㻹תȥҪ·ˡ
ֻʱ׿ŻֵŮһճ㲻Ϊתȥ۾
һ׿촩ָ˴ıǸ˵ղŵ¡˵ҲһΣǸ˼𣿡
ճ϶ĵͷ
׿첻Ŵ죬һš
ô˵һճ㣿
ֵ˵ͷ
͵ش˼ϢôҲû뵽Ȼ˺һ˾Ȼճ㡣
Ҳû뵽㡣
ճĿɫĿвԶ
׿ץץͷǰһϲңΪʲôûҼأ
ճһ˿źǰһɣȥʱѾˡЦЦȥˣҸϧ˿̵㡣
׿۾һᣬȥס
ճ˵ûһǼֻҪӵԵˣֻҪϧ£㹻ˡһԵֲһͲ˴ˡ
ճ㣬һһɡ
ȷЦϲˣԼĻɩܲࡣ
׿εҧ˭ˣôƯĹǺֵģ׵˶ŵȥˡ
˵ʱ£ﶼⲻЩĸо
һ׿ϣʱǴδйճ˵ġ
ʱճǼΪġ
ԣ׿͵һճ㻳ɻĿǺ˶ģү㵱ʱڱʱûս£ôģ
ֵճˡ
ҡ˼Ƭ̡
׿ס֣ѵүڻвܶ˵𣿡
ճ㴹ǲ˵ǲ˼˵
һЩȵ֪ȥϢʱġ
׿һסȻ۵һЦ˳
ԭѳ鰡

 47 

֪˴˶ݣ׿ٿճ񣬱ࡣ
ԭǰ֮ҲйԵֵģǰɣԲݸܵ
˴ڷ࣬Ҫǰһжֲһ
׿֧°ͣЦ⣬괺үǵһͷ¹硣ǵʱϲҳȥ˵̫Ѫˣһ͵͵ȥһۣôһֻ¹ʱҾ룬Ȼ鴫
ôճһڲ裬ôţʱأ
šôûУƤȻʱҵݺүཻ̫ȴⲻᵽ㰡һ֪ɣں󹬣֣˲֪˲ЩСŮʱһ㣬ĳЩҲүء
أճ㲻Ϊôҵģ
׿һ£Լǰճ㻹û̫ӡ󣬷ֳ︡Ķһĳ
ճ㿴εЦ£֪
׿ʼ磬ҲܹҰɣǰүȷʵٳǰѽôƺδ𣿡
ճ㴹ǰûٳǰʲôأѵҪһǿɱˡ
׿쿴ȻĬԼ˵˻ס֣߻ε˼£ˡǰˣ˵ģϧڡ
ճ㲢ûкѹֻ뵽Щ尾ӣⲻꡣѾ㣬ˡ
׿תͷһ£ȴòᡣ
ʲô£
׿üȻү֪ҵѶҲӦ֪ҵ°ɣǰүûʲôϢ֪˭Ҫ׿ң
ճҲüǰ֪춼ǵϢ󣬾Ѫˣ׿µϸҡҡͷ
׿еɥֻҪƴ׿ȫβ˭ֻ飬ȴûзʲô
ճ㰲ο֣ģһĽһ᲻һ
ұҲΪġ׿򴽣Ͻһ·ΪԼܸıЩģٶκүûбӱɱһô룬Ǵɱǳ׿ģҲ˵Ҹıʷ̣ͬʱҲ޹
ճû뵽׿˼ôأⲻ¡
үذοңҶ֪ǰӲûںʱɱ֮Ϊѡ˱仯׿ΪѹҲ֪󻹻᲻ıʳ֣Ϊ˾һ׿ңȴҪ޹˴ǡ
ȻסǾ֣ҺЩҵˣʲô𣿡
ճ۵Ľô룬ҵģ
ɡ
ҡıϣҪ޹ܺߣǾ͸ӦҵǸĻ֡
׿ճ˵û˲ŲΪ˭ѡ
Ǳࡣ
׿񣬴ӷֽʹ
ճ㲻⣬ʲô
׿һĥһߵ뵽ˣӦðǰͬĵѡ¼ҲеõһЩûעϸڡ
±ʿٵд˼֣ճ㿴ŲۣϽ⼸£׿ڸ涼¹򣬱ΪֻӪŬѵû뵽鷨Ҳ֮졣
佱ЦЦһֱġճıʼǣѾѾˣȻδϰо裬ҲѾģˡճ֮ȱһȻݲȵķǣģһдճ㶼ѱٵֳ
׿ٵд󼸸شת۵㣬һûнǼ޸ճ㣬¿ֱӵϽһս֮ı仯ʵϻкܶ޷С
һͣһʣδϵʱΪҪȥ׿ּ빬Ϊأ
ճĿ׿ʣү֪
ɫһ䣬ЩӲ׿ʱŷӦϵΪıƺıһ塣
ճ㲢δ˵˼ƮԶ
ǰոƽ춼ĻҺĳһҹϴһС̫͵͵ճķС
ϵʱʹвȫҪճ
춼ǵճ㲢е˼ԭ㱣ϵǻ֮ͻرġ
ϵıĲ£˭ֱɱǡ
һոյǻĻʵȴѣ˲ɱڻɱ
ճ׹ٳϵЩ£ֻ֪˼ɣҲȥ˼ĽѾõŻˡ
ʱһϣϵϽһսճ㲻òǰƽ죬ڻʹΪӷ硣
Ȼٹٽ¹ΪϽҪ˵ĳ棬׿Ңƴμ֮⣬˶μ
ʱճ㲢ûжĪѰ׵֤ݣĿһ౻ͨѹ
ҪȻʴͻΪɣμҵӶпܱ
ΪҪ׿Ůʹġ
һݣ׿ΨһһԸֻҹңרȨˣȢŮ˩סҲǱ
ϲȫе˼ڻعеԵɣȫˡ
Ӧ֪׿Ң᲻ܲ˵ڴ֮Ϊμ飬ԲȢ׿죬׿ҢĹֱټճӰ챣¶μҵѪҲ׿Ң̫ܵǣ
վһ׿ҢȴҲûסˡ
׿쿴ճ˼ã˼Ĵүʲô
ճعҡҡͷ
˽ĵģ׿֮ôʹĺǰһϣҪΪǰ˸϶к޵ģʱеĲ²ϺܿܲҪ׿Ңֻ֮٣׿ĺ޻᲻ᶯҡ᲻ᡭ
ϾϹ˰Ĺ
Ͼװ³֮κˡ
һ̣ճʶʲôš˽ڸ϶׿֮ԶᵲһˣǾϡ
ϲϳϣǸ߸ϵµˣһͻȻ֣׿һˡ
ǲ׿ĸ飬ֻǺ¡
ĵײųȻܺԼָоΪסһˣϧԼǸ
ȻֽűΨΨŵŵ˭
ճۣһ
ŬǸԼϵĵ׿죬ݰӦô⡣
֪ΪʲôҪΪ
Ϊʲô
ճ͵ۣһ˫īɫıʯ⣬Ϊ֪׿飬ضΪ˶ĪѰ磬ڵĴ賯ãϿһ죬뱣׿Ͻһǣͱ׿ҺͻҳϹϵ򵥵ķȢ㡣
̾һƲ۾׿ұ£϶ı⣬㡭ú

 48 

ճ԰׿Щ
ûлɹǰ׿ҵԼĿԣ벻ͨΪΰ֣һ涼ϼ
ֻǽдּ̫ഫ仰أ
ǱʱľѾˣҲֻΪ˱ס׿Ҷѡ
˵׿ϵһ̣бѾõ˴𰸡
Ѿûкˣֻǲɡ
Եճ˵Ҫʱ׿켷˸ǿЦǰĶԹΣ׿ڻȨģҲСҲǳ˭˭һжѾˡ
һ̵ѡǷ׿ңǷ
ǻϣпԣҲ׿䵭һҪס׿ҡ
ճ̧ͷ׿Ŀ⣬飬İ
һΪס׿ҡ
׿һ䣬գۣǽ˵Ͻһº󣬻ʲô
ճζӳ£׿̹Ȼı飬͸ΪԼո˽С˼еΣԼʧȥӵأ
׿ѾǰˣһսȻʱж̣Զǰʱ⣬˵ĬͶʤһˡ
ţճ̹˼֣±㲻پڴˡ
ָһ㣬ѵһ£ǶμҽܡǰֱӻϽġ
Ŷ׿еıʣüëһͷЦǰүȢ˲ģ
ճɫ糣׿ѯʣüڳǰĴ𣿡
ûС׿ƿĿ⣬Լĺ棬үǰûκιϸȻȢ˭Ȣ˭ˡ
ֻȨ֮ơճ㸲ϣֻǸãѣв֮ʵϲκιϵ
׿תͷΪ𣿡ˮΪҽ˹үһϵĲ֮궼Ȣ𣿡
ǰճ֮ľٰüĴԣ˿׿߶˹ļȻܳûߵĴףֻۣǸװԼճ㡣
ǣû㣬ҲҪˡ
ճЦĵģ·ûһʹֻ࣬Լ֪ڻص춼һ̣ڵ֪׿빬֮ʹ
ڿҰźȴľɽ׹ȴصãһͱȴ١
ÿһμߵ׿죬Ǹǿϵ˿ڣ¼
ĥδġ
أףǾǰֻǰá
û㣬Ҳݲ±ˡ
׿͵صһԭճδȢԭȻΪ
ûݸ飬ԶǸ߸ߵĹǽ⡣
һȹţճеĿܡ
һȥֽϣӡ
Լϸ֣סš
үˡ
ճůůһЦӵеģʤһС
׿ʣд˶μҵı仯ǰĶȻڴûʲôͣպıϣȷǺֶΡ
ʱȻסǻصϽûյĺһպպҲǱ⣬ںѩ£ƾԼΪϽ³·ҲöμҵţϽ
ôģ׿Եɲ֪ճ㡣
ǰճϽһº󣬾һֱעĶصϽʱϽս߳ñϽʮݵд̴壬Ҳ֪õʲô취˵ǳʣС˽ӡ룬һʱϽľüٷչ
ս̶꣬ϽѾҲսҵӰˡ
׿첻̾а취
ֻǣȫ˼ھˣϽľ·һͿԲŻһξٱ˽
˵׿үɷ֪ôģϽĵǶ˴ģĽûǰյһϢǵĳοԽյģ̫˼ˡ
ҲճҡҡͷʱֻϽ˼ߣûפȨ
׿̾ǰⳡսֱۣ׿ҢɱеԵɣȴһ֪
ճָ̧ƽĳüģһϽץѽפ˼֧߷պȶصϽ½߷ߣ׿µġ
Ȼֻ֪ǰο׿ﻹǺ˲٣ͷϣˡ
ʣһ±޹ܾӵĴ顣
һ˵ܾ׿ɫͱüΪѿ
ճȻĽӹʣմЩīȻˣǸÿЩԳܾ˵Ҳ
ɼΪ
ܾ˰ӰӰ׿ҵ鱨
ΪʲôڶʮǰʧĻ£
׿첻⣬źܶ˶⡣
ճ±ڰӰϷֳ֧ҿ޷ܡһǣα찵ӰԴ϶׿ҵΣ׿
Ƕǡ
üͷӰδĽɢ
ܣ׿켤ȻǸʱһûôҴûҵκιڰӰڵ£ңܸ֪ɣǲҵģܣ
ճ˼ߣڵİӰˣ׿أ
׿쵹һ˼ǡ
㲻õ갵ӰĽɢ𣿡
׿ŬţȻʼλ󣬱ּɢ˰Ӱ֮Ӱеȫʧ٣ҵүүʱӰͳ죬Ҳˡҵ˵үүΪ԰Ӱ̫޷ѡ񡭡ô˵İӰʮܿܲʧˣǡ
ȫˣ
ȫˡ
ͬ໥һۡ
Сҵȥҵ
һȥ
С׿˼һ£ү⣬ڹϣעӰɣҡ׿뵽ڽ쿴ǬˣʲôܿܺͰӰйأүȥʰӵĽչ
ճ룬ҲãǷͷж
á
׿Ӽߣ·Ժ԰ʱɿһڳʲôּм䣬ҵȰ
ŸС𣬡ǸֵģȻɣ
һмӴ¶һ棬õôʲôŲŲģ˭أ
۵ȻǸүүϲζˣ
үЦˣ˭֪ү׿ҿǰʡʡɣô磬ү࿴һ۵ģ
㣡
æס񣬲Ҫˣ߰ɡ
׿ЦѾߣȻﱻ۸ˣЦΪⱻ۸ԭ򣬾мΪԼ
˭Сܳأ

 49 

ڳʲô׿һ˹ȥ
ţֻ״һչɤۣͱִһ¡
æְ񣬽׿
׿ͷ˷Ļ꣬ʲôأ˵
ٺ٣׿û뵽ӵȿ˿ڣģū۵ëһͣ˵ҪǴļͿʼݽţͿⶬˡⲻû԰ô꣬ūһЩãû뵽ײԺλ
˵ĳϿң͸ոŵˣʱ˰ۡ
𣿡֡
ŵû˵ȥˣүֵģϻҲôõĶ
׿ǰûûϰߣֻżȻһճ˵ϲζˣͳЩڳҲȥˡ
Щ𣿡˵߰Ļꡣ
ʱеί׿ǲ֪ϻõĻĶժȥˣЩЩлѣǱҲû˵ʲôģϻԼܳѵˣ˵ĵġ
׿Ȼ
ʱҲĶӴſ˽ࣿô£
׿˵ãʣλӿүˣ
ָһۣҡҡͷǣүĶԺźЩԺĶǽʱеģ˾ðġ
׿üһԺūҲҶѾָָˣ
񡣡е𻨰
鲻Ըֲ׿˼ֻðѿڵһϸĻ
ϸ˺һЦæл׿졣
û䵽ף׿֣ȥ˷֧ʮȻ󡭡ӵˡ
ϸˣʶ׿Ѿ˸ոյЩ뻰æ򵽵ϣġ
ǰһ뻹ţǶҪ˶
ϸ׿˵ȥС
˰벽˵Ļû𣿸ϿȥʰֹȥӰɣЩǮԺúˡ
ϸģȻʮȷǸСĿȵһߵͷū֪ˣū֪ˡ
ǡɴʱճҲãԺ˳ϸһ˹ȥүū£ū֪ˣ
׿조һ˵㻹ǲ֪ߵغ񰡣Ȼȥճ㣿
ճȻ£ǣô£
׿챾˴˾ˣϸһҲףճҲֻʵ֪
꣬ճɫȻˣΪˣֺûճ㣬Щ㵽
ճԵϹŵ˵йˣ˿࣬ʮС
ڣ

ǣ
ϸŵû£һڵߵͷﺬţū֪ū֪
׿ȻҲˣ׻в̣æֹסУȻճӣԴүдʮƣô
ճعͷô죿ˣΪ飬ڱָۣΣ
׿ҲΪѣԾ¿ȥͻȻ˶
Ц£Ľĺܣոձϸ˵ˣָڶίء
磬˴ɣ׿ָȥ񣡾򡣡
һסָָԼң
ԣ㡣׿Ц⣬жõġ
ʿˮæСС˼һ㡣
ճҲ׿뷨׻Ǹˡ
񡣡ճü򣬴˴ȥ򣬴˽ҵطˡ
һ׿̲סģô˵ҲһûսйذɣǴһЩηͲ̣ճƺƵģ۽ǻ׽͸ľ⡣
꣬ˣϵľʹϣϸϵİƣ춯ûС
ճ㴽ǹһĨЦ⣬ٿǣȳ˸ȥҪء
׿쿴ӣεЦЦճ˰ǡ
Цá
˼£׿Ҳ̳š
Ҫȥú갵Ӱɢ飬ô¡
ճţûӭһС˹
һⲻǶլСͯô⣿
׿׿ӣˣ
ͯ׿ļѻ˵ôˣ
ǻƽһ£ҹլ˷ˣ
ʲô׿˲ᵽɤۣûˣ
ûûССͯڰ֣۹ڣݼ¾Ͱ˰ƽˡ
׿һֻлɻôôɣμҽܰȥĵһ죬д̣
˼ǾôɱμҽܵĿԲʵûɰ
Сֵͯ۹ӷԸū׿ӣ˵ǰȥ¡
׿쿴˿ͣôأ
Сͯ΢ΪѣСҲ롭ŵĴ粻ҽȥ
׿쿴ۺǰüҲԣ뵱»ǰҹȥ˵һСͯˡ
ã֪ˣȥ
׿СͯˣѸִ߽ĵ˶լ
ſʱ׿լӸתת˿ûʲôǺŵĺۼųͼƵĵˡ
ǽңǫںȲ裬ԱߣĿתĶſͶһ׿˽ع
ô£أ׿æʣмˣ֪·𣿡
࣡ϱ߹ĸ첲ȱż¡ҽչ˰أǶû£˵
׿챻̫ʦϣ֮Ҳ͸Ϣˣʱҳȥ㣬ͻȻˣһ
Ȼء
Ȼ󡭡һûӦǫͳˣ¾Ͱ˴ˡ

ͷ
׿쿴еǫǻ˾ʲô·֪֪
ǫ²յЦһ£ȻءЩ˵ĹãֻǿҹУһǲһ㲻Ծ
ʲôԾ׿쿴Ƶӣ
ǫ򴽣ڻζζһЩǲϵĻӦ춼ĳλˣɱ֡
ɱ֣׿۾ô֪ʲô֤ݣ
Ȼɱֳڶլ⻹˵ã
ǫ΢΢ҡͷû֤ݣҼܿ϶˵ζƾҶĽ飬ֻȺˣζ
׿Ϊƶˡ
ɱ˭ڶϿ˿
ǫҡҡͷȻȽϵùһúɱײЩ˵Ŀȴ
˭׿켱ҧгݡ
ɶŶһҩ˽ǫ˳°һָָǸ
׿⣬Щţţ
Цǰޡ

 50 

ŸոιҩֻȻ׿ˣæ΢΢񣬵һ
׿עȫǫ⣬ϸ˵˵ôְҵɱɱһŮأ
ǫְ̧ڼϵķ£ü⻹˵һǰ֪ʲô֪ģǸӣҲĹ
գգ˼ǲ˵֪£Ҫ
ǫָһ£޶Ǿʲôȥˡ
׿ü춼Ҳû˵ʲô鷢
ôûУǫһۣЦ⡣
׿Ȼ򣬡Ӱ
Ӱɻ󣬳ǫ׿֮⣬»֪
ͷԣʲôӰôû˵
û˵͸˵Ͷμҽˡ
׿˰֣Ժ˵Ȼʶԣ޻ǽ⿪ӰĹؼ
СԹԵҡͷð޴Ǹһɣ
ǫȴͬ⣬ԲܸϹϵ
Ϊʲô׿һ뵽ױԩͼúܣҲ˲ôࡣ
ǫ֪ʲôҪ٣պ֤ʱȴǴӺ߳ģ֤ڱﻹмֿ֮οǸ˾֪ķӡ
˵Ķԣ׿˲侲˵ô죿
ǫȵѺ̽̽ڷ˵ɣһʲô֪ǰڡ
׿ͬӵ֣˭֪ǻ᲻ɱһΡ
ûǫҲֻԶˣźһᰵֹİȫͲùˡ
á˿ٵĽã׿ʶţʲôʱѹ
˵ա
ͷãǾ࿤úչˡ
ŵһЦ׿ӿˣֻչ˶ѣûʲôġοŰ޵ҲΪۣ֪ܽ׿ӵķǣΪĵģӷġ
׿ӭĿ⣬˵ͷȥЩֹҲЩҪʽˣ̸֪ң
լ£׿̸ԽԽˡ
ɵʳ⣬׿ҢĻشȴͷһˮ
£Ҳ
ôأ׿׿Ң鷿ȥ游ôģӰΪʲôᱻɢ˶ȥˣЩһ㶼֪
׿ҢЩڼн㣬Ҳ˲ٵ£ӰɢʱҲŶʮ꣬ҵʱ׿ϲûнӰԶڵʱӰ׿Ң˽Ĳࡣ
ֻ֪һ찵ӰΧĽһɱһһɱһЩȴû˸˵˶ûп
Ϊʲô׿۵Ĳ⣬ôûһֱĳΪ˵仰𣿡
㶮ʲô׿Ң˦ӱȥϵı鼫ΪѿӰ鱨ռȴǵо鱨й鱨Ǹʱ춼ǾûаӰʮ֪飬󵽹̹ᣬС͵Ǯƣûӹǵߡ
ǲǺܺˣ춼ǻĸз
𣿺ǡ׿ҢЦһס˺֮䣬Ҫûܣǽȵ¡
׿ϣҲס
ס׿ҢĿϬӰʮڣôڵݣͲˣѱΪӰ
׿ʱ˼ǣӰóǵİѱҪЮǣ
ֻǸ׿Ң̹Ȼҵ겢δ㰵Ӱ̫࣬ҲӰǷռ鱨ΪѱҪЮʲôˡ֪Щ鱨ûбΪѱѾڷЧˡһ£֪˲Ůװݣʱпܹô죿
׿һ±סˣ֪ݣô
ʡɱ
׿ҢͷûǰӰΪʲôᱻԭ򡣵游ȴͣŲˣⲻ̫࣬Ҳһ˽¡ʱģͻ׿ˡ

׿նЩãӰֱϱǻϵȻôᡭ
ʱϲʱ͸ʧԹˣؾȡ
׿ҢģѾһЩڼн˼ջ׿һңڲΪһͷЪְ޹ûȥǰ˵Լڵ³ҲδУֱͷˡ
׿ҡҡͷ갵ӰȻ˵ƿسΨһ;ΪһС¾ͳӰһǷʲôǲ֪¡
˼ǡ
ӰһռʲôвȨܡ
׿Ң˼Ҳûܡ
׿񣬡밡ӰѾô꣬ҪΪβ
˵ҲмֵΪӰĴڣȻһֱ׿ҼΪ裬ɺȻ䡭
һӰ֪һܣȻʶס
׿ҢȣǵܣȻʳһʱȽɽ鱨
׿카𴽽ǣȻ֪ʲôܣһ¿ȷõʱвȵȻʣλ
һ䣬׿ҸŮʱ˼ͬʱճҲѾǬϡ
ȥͨĹܼңһŵĴӺǰ
ճѾһյĹ򣬵ͫûҪ͵˼
ܼһµϲ裬Ц£үû
ûϵҵճҲż룬ǣƲƲĲҶһڣò裬߸糣Ժֵ£ȻСϲ裬õĲһڻʹȵһǬϳ
ܼұð亹Ҳ£˭ճǰҲѲ¡
ү˵Цˣ衭ҲֻǬϵ͵ģǶõĶүҪϲūһЩȥ
ճ²룬ˣս⣬ֲ赭ϰˣȥҲûôõĸ¶ˮݡ
˵ţӺ߹һˣŹǷһû˯ѵӡ
ճЦһ߸ҹʲôȥˣ˯ʱ
ͫŤŤӣҹڽæһŰѺҵĶٻصϢͷѾˣ˯ȥճСˡ
̫ͫʦΣɢʲôа磿ˣ
ճĬĬؿ˹ܼһۣʶȤĻرȥ
߸磬ҾͲӣҹڽ⣬ǲʲô֣
ͫһô֪
ճü֡
ͫûڵһͣĵȻû˯ѣһ仰˸׳ˣ

 51 

ֵ磬ͷͷ·ݵ̫úܣ۾
еˣȴȣǴǵ䡣
̲ɰվԼҵԺͷŸ
µӰվһλˣݣȴ̹ǵļ⵶һ
ˣǰʣΪγٳٲ֣
⡭Щͣʹ߸֪˵⣬µáôӳˡ
Ǻʲô⣿
˫ֱȭ˶㣬΢̫Сģʱ΢½֦ûðӰ¶档
͵ǺˣЦһǣĪǰ˻п֮ģ
͵Ǹӣʱȥ׷ˣǷҲ֪ȥˣڽҵ˦ˣֱ쳼ҵǡ
¶ɫʣʲô
ǷӲ֪Ϊξ˶լ
լ
ûϺ򸮶μ춼ǵլӡ
˰ЦһˣμҲֻʣС޶ѣȥɱǷӲ͵ˣ
ײ˲޽ǵĺԭҲôģҹ˳ȥ
ʲô졣
ײǫڶθֵµˣùֻֻܲܡ
΢΢üһ˿ȣųƲž˫ǫڳҾʦôڶլ
׸飬Ҳ֣ϾμǳҾϽһ·ģЩҲΪ롣ֻǫǺ׿һϵϳҲʹ
˵˵ͷ֪ˣǾ밲ʱҪֵµˣסǵ죬ҪǰӰ±ͱ˳ȥûѹˣ·죬û˾ȵ㡣
ס׹֣޹أǳһΪ¶֪ô
ףǾͺá
ֻǡʣǷô죿ڻû˺˵Ǻã
£ͽҰɡ
Ǿͷʹ߳ˡ׹һݣ̧ʱѾˡ
СܼҴǰԺϿŰ£޷޲ƽүίʲôҲô˵
죡һŵĸ첲Ҫûˡ˵˵ǣ
ǡСܼæϴūҲ˵ˡ
׵һۣһǫҲߵ졣
˵꣬׳ȥֻʣһСܼ£ֱӣ⡣
춼һߵǬͫճѯʣֻú˱Ѿ߶Ĳ裬ҰҰ졣
ЩΪѣ˵ֻǲö͸¶ģοճ׿ҢһĹϵͫճ黹ǱȽ˽ģҪ֪£㲻˵Ҳ취˳
ãͫȥˣһӣ⻰ҿֻһ˵
ճ㻹ǵģͷ
Ӱ¹ȻΡ
ͫ˻ͷѺ糵ĳֺ֮Ҽͷһһ˵ˡճɫ΢䣬Ŀڵϣ˼
߸лɵ𣿡
ͫҡҡͷһٵͷҪ˵ɡԲ㡢׺ʹ麶׿Ҫ˵
֤ݡճû֤ݶ԰ɡ
԰ͫ̾˿յĶӰ걻֮һڱԵȡЩͼӡǵļͷǽΪݺ׿ǲҲ̫СˣϾ׿ͰӰûʵԵĹϵ
ճһԣⲻԤı
Ҳôö԰ɣͫһЦҲ¿϶ͻȻʲô£Щ˵ìͷָ׿ʱÿԽɵϹôһɱ
ճȴҡҡͷĴ̫ˣϹˣϺʹһѣڶ߾ţ˭˲˹ҰΣ
ͫţէ֣žһӷϣ԰ôû뵽һһϣڹҰȣ
˭
İ
ǸٱҵĻ
ճ΢΢üѾˡ
ֱճһ/ǹ/ġ
ͫȴЩˣһ൳أϵǻԺ󣬲ûڳ͢д󶯸ɸ꣬ܶǰ֧ĵˣȻǸλϣǻ᲻ᡭҪ
ԽԽСֻ˵֣Ȩ
ǲܣճ䲻˵ԼѾһΣδ˵ʲô൳ĵΪˣճ㻹ƶҡͷ
ᡣǵĿһ׿Ҫ֮սȫԶ޹дɱֲǻʹҪֳӣǺ׵ġ
ô˵ͫҲе׿һҺ񣬵Ϊʲôأ
ʱճȴһ룬һܽΪǰ׿֣ܽΪǰû鷢Ĳ²⡣
ǻǾԶ뺮
ǾͺܺˣǺµıȨ
ճ뷨̫ӣȥ׿ӳ飬ٶһЩſɡ
ˣģ
ͫĿ˿ҵ
Щ
ˡͫڰ֣¾֮󣬾ͱˣһжˣʲô֪
ôӳģ
ͫ°ͣ˵δ޾ڻܵ·ϣˣ׶༪١
ճЩ׷ɱˣӦþµĻ֡
ͫüɵ꣬׷ɱǵӦǽɣ
ճҡͷӦòǣ֪ʮ˼£׿ôܰ
˼ǣ׷ɱǵǵ֪ߣ
룬ҲǰӰеĳˡ
ͫҲôɹɵʱ糼ᶨزˣͬճ˵˺糵ԭһĵ֣һ׿ϽĺãԴɱ˾Բǵ갵Ӱˡ
ճȴмһЦԶ̫ԡ
ֱͫ˵ĺ⡣
ճ㣬ͫЩ˽⣬ϾȻʼճӴˡ
ͫϲܣǰȥݣ˵ǿຮ֮أͫȴñһ顣
ѩ
һȥ֮ԴѪԵףҲǽ˳ɳĸңܾͫճǲΪΣ
ֵһļϣճͬǱͬĸͬϸһЩ
Զ̫ԣͫ˵⻰ճ㣬ʲô
վִ̧ճļϣһ¡
һͫ˿ȴһǶԵܵܵϧ
ҲСԡ
ͫȻôճ㲻һЦãơ

 52 

׿صʱɫѾ߽ԺɿھߴˮоվһˮͰͬ˵
׿˹˷׷׷ͷ£
׿糿£Цʣأˣ
ΪµأǻǶŵòϼˡ
Ŷ׿쾪ȣô£ūûǲ𣿡
̾ˡƣֻ˶ʮƣôҲ²ȥˣūն۾ҲѪһҪˣѾѵˣЩӸϳȥͺáǡ˭뵽ūиͽӣĸװ˴򣬾ҪǮҲû˵ǻ£үڣſȥ˾Ȼߣֻûϵ
ʲô
үͻȻˡ
׿һǸأôģ
ִۣ֧˰ֻÿȡ
ˡ
ˣ׿￩һôģ
ͷү˵˺ߣ˲֪ߵغ񣬷Ƶȥүȣүһ˦˳ȥײʯͷϡˡ
ֽӹɿˣڻڴϷء
׿֪ĸԣŻԣʵΪһ׿չüȥɡ
ֱ˽ǷУϸűɫҰ׵ǣ۾Ȼţȴͣشת
׿æĶͷ΢΢š
֣úչɡ
ǡֶ񣬵ȴδ̷ǻлҪ˵
ô
룬̵СС㣬ү𣿡
׿һС㣬һ£Դ޺Ѿ߾ûйˣȻôУ׿Щһĸо
ôȻүңȻá
üͷС㣬֪ö룬ԴС޵ǻЩˣ£С˶ࡣǰ˽ү飬ɽպ˱壬ūʵڵġ
ۡ׿챾Ҳŵģȴʵ̲סЦ˳֣òΪϵүðɣ
ɫ࣬ᴹ˼̧ū澵СΪү˷ģŲ˵ʵġ
׿æһѽ§˻οšСѾǶճŻˣĵүû۸ңϵˣӪѵʱ򣬲Сġ㻹˵ˣôԼࣿ˺ˣˣүսϣȻһ˲ͬȴް㲻ףģҪǸ۸ңһ
ߺߡֱ׿춺ЦСں˵ˡ
׿˿֮أĴţٺ˼롣
ſ֣üЦô뵹пԭƽô£ôҲ᷸Ϳ
ֵͷָΪд˵үȢСֻΪ׿ҵıȨ
Ŷ⵹ʣǰĴţֻСӵš
̽׿صԼķС
ճһ飬Ŀţ죬׷ȥ
ˡ
׿ͷغߵճ³¡
ճ㵹һȲջ񣿡
ǰһ
ճ̧Ϊ˲ǣ˵
Ǹ׿ͣԼߵ֣ƽϣơ
ôճ㺬Ц˺ʱҽˣ
̧üһۣδ˵ϡ
ѧģټԴ֪ճ㲡Ĳ򵥺ʱЩҽ䲻˵ǾͨһЩ򵥵ĳģճֶһ޶󣬸ǿһα̽
ƽȣܸоһڲͣسײ
үմѪˡ
㶼֪ˣ
׿첻ü˵үĲɱ¾̫ء
ճתȥΪɱ¾ġ
׿˫ԼĵĵǰǣͲˡ
ճü˼
ԺүҪɱˣɱүҪ̣ү
ˣճûĩˣۣܿЦ£С
׿еԼô˵һ˾ȻЦ
үҲ˵ģ
ࡣȻΪƣĻһػһΪ˻ס㣬ҪȥһŻʲô壿
Ŀɫͣϣǳǳ
Ϊ˱ȫ׿ҲŵģǱȥġңҲҪҸġ
׿ǼһᣬǿûĲ
˵ճȻˣѪƵĲ֢ȴȻʱᷢʱûеڶܾˡ
ճ㽫ҴӦ㣬úóҩģǰʱٻаĻͷ
ޣ˵Ļ
ճЦ˵ıǼ⣬˸ҳһѪƾӡҵʹҲǸսɱ֮ˣҲӱֻˡԣȥˣ浽ҷһ죬˽ңҲİġ
׿Ȧ죬һס죬˵ˣ㲻ġ
֣ӡһǣ΢΢üҲôá˵Դˣ˵°ɡ
Ŷ
׿˿侲ճ˵ĶԣԺѾǲ˼ˡ
Լҹд̺׿Ң飬һһճ˵ˡ
ճţüͷԽԽ
׿ҲɣԣҺҵɣʱӰƺռʲôҪ鱨鱨ֱõʱĻҴΪ𶯡
Ʋ⣬Ҳ޵
׿̯֣ϧ갵Ӱһжչˣ޷֤ǵĲ²⡣
ǵҲδءճһ˿⣬ȥ߸縮ϣ˵ҵһ갵Ӱеˡ
ʲô׿쾪Ȳѣ껹˻̫ˣȥˣ
ãǱȥ
ͻȻһ춯
˭
ճ̳ȥϷѿտյ
ʱдæӲԺ˹үʲôˣ
ճںɫֿ˼ۣһɫơ
УǿѲ󡣡
һǣͼ֡
ٻصʱճ׿һۣ˵ɫã֪ոյ̸ܿѾȥˡ
ǷϵĲ֮ͣٵʧ޾ĺڰ֮УԼһʱһµլԺС
¸ոյ֪һϢ
ŶʲôϢ
Ǭƺҵ˵갵ӰеҴߡ
ǣȻš
»һ£֪
ʲô£
ǹڽһԡ
ʲôԣ
춼ﶼڴºߵһСϵǳոԺУɿСгΪ

 53 

ҹլƻͨȻ˽ɵ֣˻ǲġǫ²ò뿪Ծ͸ĻͶڰԱߵķš
죬㾲Ͷ¶ߣ˯ȻһèдӴ⴫֧һ˸˯øˡ
Ƥ£Ҳ벻ѣߵҹèнԶֻһֻ֣ޱߵξ
ֹƬ̣һɴط䵽˶լԺУֻȼʣһԻ㣬˹ǡ
ԸЩëͷСӣӲƴֻҪ΢һ˼׺Ūȥ
ŲⳳʱѲߵĸϾֻԼһˣֻҪĵĽȥǷͱһȫˡ
ŲûСĽУȻҹɫܰеĲּ򵥣ֻһŴһѶذףŵ˹ȥ
ǷӸűӣںڰгһ͹俴ݣ֡
ںڰо𵶣þȫͱȥ
ɡ֮ȴȫذûĸоһ޻
ʱ˴ļ硣
һǺʱֵģȻһ㶼ûв
͵ػعͷһĿŮӣۿ
˭
ŮӲδ𻰣һ˹ȥҲǵ֮ˣֱ̽ǰһţŮӵٶȸ죬һץסļ°ȥ־󣬺˲ˤϣæסµİһֻסذ׵ĸ첲һ̽ŽŮӱˡ
˸ŮӹЦһ£̧Žǰİ߷ڵأ޴졣
˰вãĸû뵽ɱɣǵΪ
ƿžҪܣŮӷһԲʶôСֹϣӳʹһȴӰϷܵˡ
һĻǡɱĺ͸ǿţһд̿ͣץס
ǴҴ׷˳ȥʣºԼԺУЩš
㡭ˣŮ¹Խ˰̵ݣЩ£ǰûˣ
ŮҲ˵Դ͵վſڡ
ΪǱŵˣæ£Ѿˣﲻ˺ģšȥˣ
˵žܽһԺͶϢķ䣬͵ҡ˯ˡ
ҡˣԻ㡣
Ȼ˵Ȼͷֻ޸ոտżűߣһĵ
쾪Ȳѣ㣿㲻Ƿ衭
һڣʶô˵̫ףǸ˸ǣ춼ﶼ˵㡭
ָָԼԴ޺Ц£˵Ҳûʲôֻǹȥˡ
ô˵ڲˣһ
ĵͷ˿ĳĬ
ʱŴԺ˽Ŵʲôˣ
쿴ִģϿ쾶ֱ߹ȥıûû£Ѿˡ
û˰ɣ
ûСЦ£ͷһָ㿴ˣǷŶ
ע⵽ϵˣˡ
ޣ춼չġ
Ů˳ͷлл
òáЩִٵİڰ֣Ҳûʲô
ʱѾȫˣԼ԰޺񣬡Ǹܵ㻹Ṧ򰡣ôĴ˵̫һأѵ㲻ǰޣ
ŮƲȥͽҰްɡ
ȷһ֣ʱ򣬰޾֡
ôˣ𣿡쿴ɫЩѿ
ס죬㣬޸ոѹ϶ҪϢϵģվ˵Ҳã׿۹Ӷʱ˵ɡ
ҲЩʶԼͻĬĬգգۣ˵ҲǣǡʹȥϢɣ
΢ЦųͷȻ԰˵ͬɣոյķѾסˣҴȥµķ䡣
޿ȥҲǼˣǳ庫ͷ߳ȥڶ
վںڰ̾˿ǲĲϲأԶ˵ǲǫͻһȢأ
ǵģʼռţǫһҪȢģ
ӲҲӡ
ڶһ磬ԻһҹĺͶ˹
һۣǰðԴ
ǫͷϴſŵЦ
Դ֪ΪЩͷۣ͸˵ˣڱܵ
һͿﻹ׿ͶˣЩԺôˣǶʲô
쿴ԼӣһЦֱЦİȥڴֱ
ѾͷЦʲô
ҵȻЦ㰡סӣһ뵽ǰµţ̲ס֣Ҳ֪˭˵ԼḻЩС͵СļһʶƣȻһԻ̵ˣ
Ի㡭üֲԼ˯ôͷ۲ѣԭԻ㡭һǰޣ
ģ쿴ĵû£ҡ˸صı飬û£ѹˡ
ˣ˵û£Ѿһ˵ˣ̲סǰһߵ£ôҴ򿴹𣿡
Ϊ˯ˣ࣬˹ݹһȥأء
׷ţңСʱЩ¶Ǽٵģ޸ǷӣأѾ˵ˡ
ʲôû뵽Լ˯һҹôʣǷӣ
֮࣬תһ룬̫ˣʲôͿֱˣ
ѽŵԼϿԷʰһ£Ȼһȥ£
ã
˵׿쿴Ŵϻ˯ǸںһůҲδá
ʱ󣬰СѾߵĴ£ã˶ЩԺ⣬˶ĿתĿźɫɴİޡ
ȻǶɴ棬һűݻٵ
ޡƽΪ׽Աһһˡ
λҵĵܵܣϺ򸮣Сү
λǳҾʦǫ۹ӡ
λǺµĻ׿࣬׿ӡ
λǱ볤֮ӣӣͺӵͬã죬
ҡžͺˡ
޵Ŀƺ˺ϣûƿ
ޣŲĳٶæôˣ
޻ĿźĩתĿ⿴졣
챻ûڣ㼸չޣڿʲôأ˳Լ·ûʲôر𣬱в˲ԼòҲûࡣ
볤ĺӡѾô𡭡
޵ʱˣĳֻѾȥôˡ
ڣ޴ȥƵɤ»
ûʲôֻ˹ˡ

 54 

˲ûйⰢ޵ķһӵʡ
̵ѾȥȲͷޣ˵˵ΪʲôεЩ˵˭ǲǵʲôˣʲôңģһģ
˵ĵʵﲢȷתͷǫķۣ԰ɣ
Ӻ쿪ʼ˵޵Ŀûƿ
մһˮɫ֯ɴۣϵŰɫǶʯϹ˽˿ĺɰ׹̤һ˫˪ƵĽаѥȽţ˵ǣżŻһһ
ޣ׿ע⵽ЩΪǲԸ˵ǲǣ㿪ڵģ㶼Σ㾿ʲô£һġ
ջҧҧлλ⼸յչˣ˸˲鷳ԵǾͲˣ֪̫ҲûʲôôҲʲô¶ܰæģԼ£һǾ뿪ɡ
ôУһߵסļ򣬡ôҪǳȥЩץǱˣУ㲻ߡ
˵ǡ׿찵ţʵѾ֪Ҫɱ˭ңͰĻǿңȻ㲻ǣҲԲ˵ûǴ⣬Զ氲ȫ
ЩԥҲЩᣬ֪Щ˲飬뿪
쿴޺ȻˣΪǹڵĺͺˣǻ˸⣬ǼȻ㲻£ͽһĹȥɣСʱū˵Ĺ£Һòã
һϵʣ޵һ˿Ļҡ
Ҳ˵𣿡Щʧ
ܡޱ۾𴦣֪ʲô
׿ӦˣЩȣҲЩʧǰޱ׷ɱԭ򣬶Ƕǰһ׮¡
Աߵλӣ°ͣ˵Ϊһ˷裬𣿡
ʵĻǼΪ¶ǣˣɫ˱䣬ΨΪǵİޣƺû̫⣬̾˿ۣ˻š
Լڶʮǰ춼ʢһʱʦڳõĵؽ翪һֹݣмָ
ָһžͳΪ춼ڣдٹˡҹϲȥ
йԸǧӣȥκһȴܾ
Ҫ֪֪һԵˡ
׼ЩǮˣֻķС
ֱһ죬һεӣ߽˼ָ
죬޵һ˼䡷
һ״򴫽Ĺڴ˻±ףЩɬѶһϣڳ˶ţƬָ̺˼ҵ
̨µЩʧ
ʱǸεˣչһЦôδдӣأ
޾סˣȻˡ
ֻеȱҲֻҲӭϱˣָ⡣
Ц
֮γ࣬ҲһгĽڵȥ
ÿһָޱЩҹдʱǹ¶ˡ
ǽһ̽
޷֣βͨϣҲ
Ц˵ôôȥȡ
ʱûָ߽ˣǵӡ
βδشǵһЦת⡣
ȻȻıһˣҲ֪εʵݡ
˵һȢģڣЩʱ䡣
ˣʱһת꣬Уٵˡ
˵ǳף¸¾ͳס
ԣȴȻͣôˣأˣ
ûС޵ģҽӵ˸ϣϸչˣȴӲҳš
޲ûлʲôܴѾ߿Щԡ
һһ󣬰޿ʼţʱף
˵Ѻͳס
ºӵҹԣȡһɫļ£Ϊϡ
ǰһҸ˲䡣
Ҳֻ˲䣬ΪԼ¸ͷͻȻʹ´󺺣űӽҹɽһ
󱾾˵Ҫɽйһҹֻɽ·춼ǵķѽѽ
үڿɣһ䣬ڰ޵ϣɽ·Ͽ޺ȣ˵ˣʳҰ޶һֻ
ޱΪԼһˣԶԼĻǿǳûȴˣ¡
ֻ֪Լһϲˣ˵ҪȢԼš
ܻسеİޣٲǵǸָϵģһǵˣû˸ϣ񲣬˸
˵İֻһͷҵǸҪȢԼˡ
ҰţЦЦ춼˶࣬С
ԼֻһźµŮ˶ѡ
˶Զ˵ĻҪأҪʹࡣ
Ѿ۾ӣץס޵֣ȻôĵˣңģһҪÿ
Ⱥķŭ˵ɫҲòȥ
ǫóĬһ̧ۣĪǳܿ
˷׷̧ͷܿ˭
ǫƽϲ֣ЩȻû˵ӣСʱ˵춼һλò˫ŮʦͻȻʧˡ˵޸ĳ٣е˵뿪춼ˣ˵硣û뵽ǰޣ
Ҳû뵽ʱգܼǵҵ֡
ޣǵĳܿ
׿쵹ģע⵽һ£޿еΣƺ춼УĳְȨܴˣȷԼδ˵춼ôһʹǶʮǰ£԰޵㣬ӦҲǺͬһֵˣˣܲʶ
һǽܿɡ
ûϵҡҡͷͽҰްɣ֣ܿѾӦٴˡ
׿ͷҲȷʵΪڣãޣ˵˭춼𣿡
޶һ£´֪
׿һ۱㿴˵ѣޣ㲻ԸǺ˴ɱɣǲΪⱳйأ
ûС
Ƿĺܿ죬ȴ׿Ļɡ
컹ڹôأ

ǡ޺ȻԳЦˣҲû뵽ܴɽܻɣ֪еķӰ޾ңһΰҶȥٽֻڳǽεɱסŵһλоˣҽҳҩͺˡ
޸Ľţɺȴһᡣ
Ǹμֱ̫Ƕˣ
죡û˵ĺסĬĬҡҡͷȻ򰢼ޣҴС춼ǳĸǳǱ飬ӻʹƷ״󳼣Ҵδ˵нεˡ˵ģ˭
΢ŵ˿ˮ춼ô󣬴ٹô࣬ôܶʶ
ôܣ㲻ʶ໹ǫҲһʶ˵һ֣

 55 

ֲ£׿Ҫô˿ĿڣͺֻһСˡ
һǺӣӣˣ
ʲô»ŻŵģЩá
СһĹ˲ϴȣʹﴫϢ̫ү̫үˣ
游͵վζЩζֱӴ͡
游֮λ̫Ѹߣֻû뵽ߵͻȻ
ѾɫҲҰףǲٵ飬ظȥ
ҲЩһʱҲ˼׷Űˡ
һ⣬ǳеҪ֪޵ܡ
ǫ׿콻һǫ㽫μҽȴ˳ȥ
˲ֻʣ׿Ͱˡ
ޣ㡣
׿̳࣬ոյŴҵ棬͸¶̫ڰӰ飬ֻʣ׿
ǲ֪һЩڰӰ£
ƺҲû뵽ôֱӵĵӰʱһ˿ȣûӹ׿ۡ
ȻǰӰ
¶ܵİЩ㣬ʲôӰҲ֪˵ʲô
׿쿿ֻһľ룬½һ£Ӱ׿ֲ鱨׿ݺУҪӰ˼便ôһ¡鲻׿ܻܿᱳϴɱ׹
ĿһͣЩҡˡ
׿סЩɱˣǳйŰɱ֣רЩ˵£Ҳ²⣬Ȼ㱻׷ɱô֪£һ׿ҡ
ûֱӿѾʼҲ֪ʲôӰ֪ЩΪʲôɱҡ
˵ѡ׿Ĳ𴩵ոڴǰûϸʣ֪Ļ©ġ
ʲô©޺ȻϬ
׿카һЦû˵㲡֮ȥģ
ǡ޵Ц⸱ӻȥģȻڽ£ƽӰˡ
̹·зһ׿ȴĵҡҡͷԣȬһ£һǱ𡣡
ѡӡݡʬ
һ׮Խ˺ޡ
׿ָ̫оˡ
Щʧɫȥҵȷ𣬿ǶȥôҸܽӽ
׿Щסˣһϲɫ䵭ҿ̫͹Լˣ˵㹦򲻴һ³ǽѣѵס𣿡һҪ˵㲻ǲ뱨𣬶ǲܱΪĳԭ㲻ֱɱҲ²¡
ˣ޺ļܾԼ¡
ɰӰǡ׿ü㲻˵ܻܿкܶ˶
ǳ鴤ô϶£ͰӰйأ
ԡ׿ڣ˵ҹ˸ң˵治֣֮󣬾˶ˡ
Ƕţã׿һĶ۾ڰް
ðɣȻ֪Ҿ͸㡣Эǰڽ⣬һˣǴĹŹ֣ΪǹŹ֣һʱ͸˹ȥߵʱǽһƬӣмڵţ̶Ϊ׵˵׼ãֻҪӰ˭
Ӧָľ׿Ңɡ
׼ã׿΢üʲô˼
޿һۣһʣ᲻ᱻɱͷǸΪ׵˵νҪɱͷִеҲǴˣа취С
׿ˣ˼ðӰ͵űһˮֻҪݺ׿ҢϼصҲν
ǸΪ׵ˣʶ
ʶ̹ԣ̲ɼҵĹܼңʤ
̲ɰס
׿첻ۣ׿Һʲôڣ
֪̾ľЩˣҲضʣЩӦ԰׿ɡ
׿عл
ء
˵껰󣬺ҲѾص˸ϡ
֮Ѳ볯һ𣬺ԶԼլһسרǺ֮իĵطƽﵹҲ˴ţ̫үˣҲںԺƽﰲޱȵĵطһӾ
֮ߵͻȻ׼Ķ˱ȫˣȺصкѾһȺ˹š̻ɥŹǰȥãƵסȴͺűӣЩˡ
֮еŹ֣ƽջԺӣʲôСҲ˸ҷΨ谮мӡǺ죬ΪΨһһͨͿԺˣ˿Ѿɢָ̧õıԼ۾Ҳˡ
֮Ѷûñ㴫ˣһʱϵﲻԶǰԺкţæ۷衣Ժ˽ȥԵ徻ˣﲻ̣г£ȴһæﲻϡ
磬ȥǰԺ︸װɡ
һ˵Ҳ֪Ϊθо˺ѹ˫̥еӦ
ȷĽ游һ̣־ԼΪĴӣӦȥԺ︸׵æںȻ˾˲ͨࡣ
ȥɸ磬үүġ
úүү
á
ſ޳˵ã̾˿á
߹ǰԺĻ԰ʱͻȻСѾڽ
˵ĵʲôģ̫үˣһһ۵ġ
ˣ˵ˣƢ㿴үС㶼ôǵġ
˵ҲǣһСܳȥ棬һأˡ
ⶼõˣǲǵүСʱͷҪʱ򻹴ء
ĺݣôСĺӣôص֣ʱ˻ɣǲģ
꣡˵ʲôأȥ㻹ҪҪڸˣ
ѽҾһ˵˺ˣԺ˵ˡ
߰ɣǰԺкöء
СѾߴӼɽƹײĿɫĺ
١ү
ƺΪЩѹûΪСѾ߱ӶΪ˵ľʵűŤ
ĸǳδЦ
ӡĸģº͵ģС͸׸ףʲôҲֻ͸˵
ҲʹĸΪβϲң
Զֻ˵ĸڹгģض࣬ô
ڵĺѾˣĸҲδɫ
̫үˣΪϱĸף߳ſһ۶ϣһ
үҲˡҲˡ
ǣ߰ɡ
лү
ĸ׶ԺķЩᡣ
˵عĸ׾ͻϲ
̫˵úھӪгɾһĸ׾ͻϲ
ںãĸԶϲˡ

 56 

׿ڵõԼҪĴ𰸣˰֤ٿ֤Ӱ±ģ̻ص¸ճ㡣
ſڣͿͣһճһؾĳߡ
үҪȥģ
ճ׿糾͵Ĺŵüͷչȥ
̫ѶҲǸմãҪȥ
һ˵Ҫȥ׿ɫóʹͬүһɡ
ճûоܾ׿ط˼ص·ժԼϵƷڸߵβϵһ׵ĳ˿ʾ
׿̲סճ˵˰޵飬ճıЩ֡
ôˣ
ճ̧һ²ŵ࣬б䡣
׿üͷһʲôˣ
ҡҡͷձ߾б˵Σϣǰȥ򡣡
Ͻ
Ƕ
׿صĵط
׿첻һ£Ҫҵȥ𣿡
˵ģ׿ǵǰҲǼα߾оգһȴĪĻš
ճ㿴ȥҲɣϵ˼ģ̫󲢲ͬ⡣
Ϊʲô
Ȼ̫û˵ΪӰ£׿һĴǡ
ߡ׿һЦȻҵǾñȥˡ
˵Ȼڹ࣬Ӷ䣬˭ƿصģճҲ˵Լһܳɴ¡
ճסԻڵֱӰ٣׿ҵλٽǰȥ
磿
ճͷǴС׿սԶΪ˽⣬Ǻʵѡ
ǡ鱨׼ȷ𣿶Ѿ˴ˣôȻҪˣ
ճҲϸڣֻ֪鱨ǵϸģӦÿɿ
׿ͷһͬǰȥҲģ£ıȻǶᣬʵս˵̳
Ұҵϴԩͻ
ճͻȻ񶨵׿ڵԶĸΪӡ
ҡҡͷҲס
ճ̾˿֪ôӺ˵
࣬׶ʣĶǻˣ׿ݺѲ˸ϵʱ׿ƽͷţǰߣıָֻʲôֶԸ
ʲô׿첻ѵһֱҵ𣿡
ĿüճһΡ
Ȼ׿Ңϴȥڡ
糯󣬻ϵʱ˵Ļ
̫Խȥ޲룬Բδ£Ͷѡϵگ飬̫ģ𣿡
һճʮ𶯣֪̫ûжԻȫȨû뵽̫Ѿزճ֪һɵ̫󱳺ǰˣһҲһǸԽ̫Ǳߵˡ
ϰˣڵıķѣͳ౱ϱϺ򣬶׿ҾԼҾҲнȴûһ޵ģ޵׵ܵܣȻ㣬Ϻ󣬱ؽָ̫ɵѡԼҾ̫ıңͳվ̫һߣΨһȡľֻ׿ҡ
ƫƫڹϣֳ¡
֪׿ǱСԩģµ޸ȻλϣʵǸܶѡ𣿡
ճעϵ۾⡣
Ϊѵģһǰ͸оˣϲǸ߸ϵЩòȥԡ
ճޱ飬ǻкδ㣿
һº͵ϣһ˿һΣԼҾռ춫׿Ҿѱˡ
ճΪβ׿Ң׿ұģԶ裬׿Ҷվڻһߣοӵӣǳ֮𡣡
ǡһЦϰ˰㻹ڱ̫ˣ֪жն񡣱Ӱһֱ׿ң޹㣬ʵ˴ݳ޵ȷģǾͲἱڶԸ׿ҡ޴˿̲ܲ˵ķ׿ҢҲ˵ǻۣ̫һΪѾ׿ңô׿ҾĳΪ˱жˣ
ô˵ҲֻճĴǣĴûлɹ׿Ң
ûע⵽ճԴĿ⣬ԹԵ˵ȥɽ߻ʵԶοս飬Ƿʲô£ڱˣʲôıָô죿
ճȷûһ㣬׿λٽǰȥʲôֱ𣿡
ȻУϺ׿Ҿ׿ҢˣֻҪ׿Ңһ첻׿ҾͲֻа׿Ңߣȫ
ճһ񺮣˵ҪճȴζѵϲΪ׿Ңǣ׿ҵλٽ𣿡
Ǳһٿ۾ϰˣΪǱֺ֣αǣƣ
شʵڲŷճ㿴ϵȷס׿ңͬʱҲɵ׿ңԼеĲãǼȻѾˣͳ˵Щδ㣿
Ͽճ㾹Ȼͷ㻺ɫЦ׿ҵ飬ȷһţ׿ҢҲְֻͣ㣬Ҳίڱ䣬ǶõıҪҪס߾˴ٽǰȥϣУ̫ˣԲ
ңճ㾪Ȳѣ˵
㲻Ը⣿ɫһ䡣
ճ㴹Ŀһ룬ǲԸ⣬ֻȥ
ϣֻǾԼõѡ
˼ǣ
˴ζҪڹ֮ս裬ҪɱأԷֽսǰȥԷһִҪսźţǿ²ʲô¡ֻǵ˻ڴӾ;ΪλٽǳܲƼһѡڣ̫ǱһΪѡ
Ŷ˭Ϻ档
ǳ֮ӣ̫ӣ
ϻȻǰҲѾʮˡ
ûһֱڳҾѵο˳ɼǳãҲһֱЩʵս顣
ĵͷ˵áΪֱ̫谮׿Ҿǰȥ˺ֻǡ̫ӣǲͬġ
ðɡճƴ𣬡ǺҪǰȥأ

׿Ҳ֪Ϊ»Ϊĵ֮Ǻ
үҪȥ
ճ㵭ĵͷ֪׿˲̣ǴĳӣӦˡ
ɡǻӰ
һǻӣǡ
ѵѲʮȥսүܱ֤𣿡
ճû뵽׿ôķӦЩۣҲܱ֤˭û֤õѡ񣡡
˲ʶԼʧ̬Ȼһᣬ৵ĵ˼׿ƲȥѵĴǸ
Ҳ֪ΪΣһҪȥս̳˺׻ܾһУڵϵĻ棬ʵڲ뿴κ޹ˣΪĹϵܵ˺ˡ
ճһѽͷȻʧ࡭ľᣬѾѡýˡ
ճȻʶ˵һֱǨ
ȴֺǹѴأ
֪ˡ׿ᣬΣүģһøúչġ
ճ̾һǣҪȡġ
׿쳶˸ȻЦڰοճ㣬ҲڰοԼ
˵ûһ̿ʼһоͲ
ΪԼǰѹĹһء
ȴ룬Եȫµÿһÿһ룬˲ȷ
Ҫȡġ
ȻѡػôľͶˡ
׿ûɵʹԭ򡢸顢ѣܱ
һ̫ѻش⣬θһġ

 57 

ݵŴգİڣй߽롣
ⲽſվһλ˫ֱŽݵĺˡ
˵ˣͣ¡
ײã׼ôã˵ͣ¾ͣ£
޲˵ˣͣ¡
ߡü׿ˣ
ˣżȻ޷׿ҢͷأպеǻᣬֻҪץŰӰ飬ԶܰѸϵ
׶Ŀ⣬ǣǸŮ˲ǵļƻԶܱ֤һʧ
ͣ¡
֪⣬˵ʲôˣպô죿
˻˸ƿϣ˵ڶ߾ս£˭Ҳܱ֤᲻˼裬׿ҢҲδɣӰȻûֱӽ׿Ң֮أҲûϲǰˣʱ֮ڣ׿ҢǹвǬҲȥܣֻҪֽŸɾ鲻ͷϡպ׿ҢٸԭְڳҲӦΪѣֻҪʱ죬Ҫġ
û˵ʲôʱʱ죿
Сʵ۹Ԯܸ֧ŵҲһ׿ҢһѣֻҪ뾩ǳ׿Ңʱ룬û˳ҾڣٹٶҪɱ׿Ңһ޴Сʵָۣ˵ʲôأ
ȻȫֻǺ춼һ꣬ҪʱŻ뾩
Ц£˼ʲôÿǳ౱ٳһ᷵ر̽ʱҸɣȻܳ
û˳Ҿ׿Ҿ׻ǵġ
ЦĸΪʲô׿Ҿ׿ȥɢˡˣȻ󣬵ҲȺΧ
׽ŵֶֻպʲôƲߣǾͻˡ
˷ĺˣôֿյ³ֻһɱˣվ˭죬Щ㵱裬˭£

ͣ־Ͷסˣǰ˵ĳš
һ㳵С˿źӵĳܽȥ˳ӭ
ûһԶͺӭ˳
ϳμү
ճѾͲЩųҲûǰĳ·̫鲻ض񡣡
׿ȴʼעźȥɫ糿ʱˡ
ʧȥʹ࣬׿ˣߵԱߣļ硣
ڰ
Ҳͷ۾ģ֪Ѿ޹̲סҪˡ
лл
Ȼ֪ʱһԶԵò԰ףʱʲôˣ˵뿪²ؼĻˣʣµ˾ʹġ
ʹֻ࣬ʱܵȥȴԶܸƽ
Զճ˸ǰ㡣
ճλ̫ʵʶȴ౱λƺҲǸ֮ˡ౱һ˵֮һֻһŮˣǸŮΪһӣҲǺ֮һΨһһӣǺԶֻǺ֮ǸŮվԵ޷֣Ǵδһûĳɹ顣
ʱǸӵճ㣬ִԸȻ׷ʣŮ˭ǻʲô£ڵмֺ档
֪ǲг˶һɱ
׿վ벽ԶɫףüӸոڳһֱŶĵĳ嶯
𣿡
׿̧һЦû£̫ˡ
ճ˿Լոյ뷨³Уһ˵ġ
㣬ֺͺԶ˼䣬鲻չ˱ˣȥк˰ɣͬȥ˵˵
ҲãҲáԶӦţйһչү
һТͷϰһТճ˸ơ
˴ãԺ࣬Ҳ֣ǰ·ֳһָţǱ߾үүǰĵԺóիϲ徲ԸײŽ䴦棬ʵںԺģүҪȥһ𣿡
ΪճҪȥײĵģճȴҡҡͷ̫ϲ徲ͲȥˣҸطİɡ
΢΢һȻ˵ͷãɡ
ճ׿һСƽʱϾʱȲĵطǰһƬɻǴ󿪵Ĵʱڣɻ䣬ʣˮһغҶ
ү
ճͷɣֻؾ񡣡
һ̫ʦУǺˮ̱ͣһš
׿쿴Щ̣Ѿ˲ˮ׿æһ
ѹ˵һ˳š
οЦЦʵЦļΪǿ
ճСһȦﾰ²ܿȥмɽг̨ͤлճָһ򣬡Ǻδ
һճָķλһԺӣĸ׵ס
ŶճΪɻ󣬡뺫סԶ𣿡
ǽʱָԶס˴԰Ӻû뵽סҪԶЩ
۱˵ճĳ㣬ֻһʱ㣬ǻһζΪ
ճᵽĸףɫְȥǣĸ״ҼͰȥǱߵԺסˡ
ճȻͷ˵ٹںԶѸ鲻õĴԵģҲֹһںʱֹճ֪иѽµģҪľ
㻹ǲŲ𣿡
ճĻһ´ʹ˺ģʮкЩѹֲסԼеԹޡ
ǰԼ𣬳ʼղŲʣ
ҧֹסĲΪĸѪΪԶòĸ׵Ĺģ
ѹԹۿҪȦԽĺ죬ԽĿƲסԼĺޡ

ͻȻһ
͵شӳոڸʲôô룿
׿ı̫ˣҪúϢ
ҡҡͷү˵öԣĸ״δ࿴һۡ
ճ㲢û˵ĻҲ𴩻ǳֹ֪Ҫһڡ
ΪĸֻĮаģǺǡȻЦˣСʱܾĸ׺ңԶҡܳȥ治ؼңҲһȥģֻҪùţܼ͵͵ӣһΪĸ׸ģͿĵܵĸǰȥȴȥš
˵Щ״Σ˭óį
Ѿǵϴμʲôʱˣÿȥ밲ѾߴҺãǻǼȥһ죬õһ죬ͻҺãӪеĽѾʮˣ̫̫£ţȴʼûÿ
׿Щǣ˿ճ㣬ҧҡҡͷϣճ˵ˣٱʱϵ˿ڡ
ճȴûиӦ
˿ѵڳλʱ
ڷһȥ
ճ۾ͷƳ𴦣û˻Ը˺޹ˡ
Щ޹ȴн١
ճĿڣҲϣܳͷء
е̧ͷѾŬģ顢ϰ䡢ӪһҪô
ճĿڸɣһսˡ
׿ͺһ㶣ǰĿǲ̣ﾡϣ

 58 

ȰڣһҰ
̫ӣϣԵĹŮڰӡ
̫鲻ãŮ̫ǶΪСģ´̫üͷ
ͨĹ˽ſڹ£С̫ү밲ˡ
ŵ۾˵ʲô

ǡ
СŮǱϹϾ˵һԡ
˭֪̫۰ľǺҵӣˣ̫һǸ˵ġ
С̫˽ͱ̫סˡ
΢΢һ٣ǹȥŷһݣ˴
̫Щȣ
̫ɥգ㲻ڸдţʲô˴񣿡
̧ɱŹŵƣ̫һ󡣡
վߵǰȥ뽫˲٣˵Ҫ£ڹţ
ȴûҪ˼ҧҧ׿λٽ׸սּ̫
￩һ£ǲŵʣ˵ʲô˵һ飡
̫üüȻ֪̫۰Ҳȷʵʶ̫κ󹬵ֶΣҲ˿λá
̫ȫ
Ҫǣ֣Ȼ˻˦תУһսˣȥʲôҲͬ⡣
ŵЩ̫̬ȣЭ
ұȥ
תͷ۾Ķס̫ߣںһƬң㲻ʱúð㸸ףƫҪܵȥɻǵʲôТ
ȭһ룬ȻʲôТ̫׼
ʲô˼
̫Ӧף϶£һȥ̫׼Լȥ
һҪ˶Ͽ
۷죬Ƣˡ
̴סԼƮԶ˼һ¿˵˵ΪʲôҪȥ
жʲô𣿡
˵̹Ȼȴƭߡ˴ζֻɾܴܲǸδ֪׿λٽǰȥѾ㹻Ҫȥ
ɫһףû뵽̫ôʹûʵɡ
˵ΪʲôһҪȥ
ȻƭǸɴ˵ʵˡ
ĿһۣżᶨΪһĽ
˵ʲôü
ΪһĽһϹսĽ
Цͷǳˡ
ͬˣЩϲ
ҡҡͷ뵱ȥ̣ԣǲڡ
Ϊʲô
ľǳҪһλս˸㣬ڳҾѧϰϣ̵ܽ㣬պлᣬ溮һȥսġ
ѾȲˣ
ɫԽѿˣ²ҪˣѾ˵ˣӦġ
̫󣡡Ȼ̧ͷһס½ǣʢᡰˣһҪȥһҪȥ
Ŀ֣˶ɢ˲һĸо
㱼䣬񿴼һʮ꣬Ҳںʲôš
ȫ޸ҡ
̫󡭡Щʣȥɣĸ׿ңǸսҡ
ʧлʲô
ĵȥʧ⣬Ѿܾûмĸˣүү뿪ĸ׶û߳ǸԺӣһ̫ۡ˵ֻҪھһΪĸ׾ͻϲҵģⲻ˵л֤ΪʲôҪң
Ķݣ۽ҲЩʪ󣬡Ѷ
ںУһ׵¡
ĸסֻ̾Ϣ
ûйֹĸףֻԼ㣬ĸʧˡĨĨӣûܳΪĸϲˡ
ճ˵ʱϲһλ緢Ľȴ޸˺Զһĳ
ǣǵɰɡ
һͷ̫˴ǰϣܵõĶ׼ĲϣԼҲսȥ
Ҫȥ
Ҫȥ
̾ϢһðɡҪȥȥɡ
Ƿծ˸ûծʱˡ
ģвƼգ˸Цлл̫󣡡

ص׿ʼЩѾûмˣ֪״̬Σ
죬׿Ҿӣȥ磬һЩ飬ҲŵһҳݺԼ׵ˡ
ЦЦԣ֪˴˵⡣
ճնȥǬһҪͫһҹ͵ĺϢǽתҲΪܴ̽Щ顣
ͫĵƺȴͣˣ׷ҲҲ
׿ճϼţһΪ͵ܣЩ˲ˡ
ǸϢҲǸϢ
ûжͫû취鵽ǡ
׿£СЩ̫ˣһ۾ǳܾǰȥĻ档
֪ĻץⱲԭԼ
ţȻһһͷճЦվ
ү
ʲô
ճߵߣԡ
ʲôǺ˼ˡ
ճһ㷢Ȧָ⣬Ѿõ̫Ķ׼ˡ
׿Ŀؿճıƽ׿ıȴŵĺݣȥˣ
ճ϶ְ̫һ׿Ҿһ
׿¿ˮԼĲүǲǡ
ǡճ̹Ȼ
׿ļһԽ̹ʣԽѹǸúӡ
ճͷȷʵǸƷжĺӡǰһڳҾУһֱΪеĺ󱲣һ˱ʣʽΪҾӪĴ󽫡
һֱǺúӡ
ѾߵһٶΣҲʵ
׿ͷճļϣȫǺ
ƽģ԰ɣ
ճֵͷ׿ͷķᡣ
ճҲ֪֣жٿ϶壬˵ˣͻһ㡣
׿ʣүô֪ǳʱأ
ճͷҲ㲻Ǹܣֻû˸˵˶ѡ
ǵǸˣǸսĽȻѾͻˣֻҪѾͻΪǸ˵ӡ
ֻս飬Զزˡ
֪ԵʣʱʺһĴѼ޸Զ
Ѳϣջǵвһּ
Ȼ޸˺ԶУⲢһ׮õĻ¡
˵ѰҲ֮
׿첻⣬ΪʲôҪԶأ
ҡҡͷ
׿һ˿ʧ⣬ϲˣǿԸһ۰ɡ

 59 

ҹһڽε
Զ֪Ҫȥս飬ôԶһλ
ܳȥԺ˶լ
ѾͶ˺ֵܣ˶춼ǣ˼һ뵽ĵطȻ
μҽܶΪĺͺ죬æӭڡ
æΪ˲裬ȴ˵Ҫơ
࣬۾Ҳй¶˲£޾ɵĳǰЩࡣ
˵һ磬ҾҪˡ
Ⱥȥģ
ȥ߾
Ҫȥ̣
˵ͷ
ֹһսѾİˣҪСˣǸطġ
۾ðϽսʲôģ
ȥ䣬ЩѾԶĿ
ˣɵˡеĳףһеֻˣڵҲΪײΪ̶
ǺǡǺˣȻҲûô£ʤأʤʲôģ
ʤһ£Ͻʤžճϣŵɲǰɡ
ûлش⣬ǰЦ˵һҪƽһѡ
¾Ʊͷģһ
ʲôʱ
֪£öпܣҲһ£Ҳһ꣬һȥһʮꡣ
۶ãܻصطصĸ׵Ժſڡ
ͻȻ洫ֵ
ߣͳת˼ϳ
۾Щ룬ӣ
˭
Ҳˣ⣬⼸и˻ҹʱࡣ
ǰޡ
ͷȻǸʦ
վӰҡεߵԺУ׷ȥ
Ժе£¹ϣһǺӶдΧ
ԶǹĶдϢƺ˵˵İԹȴ˼
δ߽ǰһԵɺʯϣƬ̵İȡ
ӣǻСʱÿ˯ȥ׾ͻ߳
һˣע⵽ǵĺһ˿ȡ
΢죬ϵľɢۣӣʲô֣
û֡
ôûֵӣֻĵ˲Ը˵ˡ
Ҳ׷ʣЦЦٴһ𣿡
ںĶ٣ƺıȺҪЩǿżɽʯյߣһִסļ˳㿿ȥص˵ޣҪˣٴһɡ
ߣȥģ
°ͣȥ߾
ˣ˲䶶һ£ЩҪȥ̣
ֻȥأһ򡣡
ĵĵͷ·ңԶÿһÿһ̤ϡ
˵һҥһİ¡
İĹһһ裬˵ҪԶһ
һ췢սң겻òеİĹ⵶ϸս
ƬǱŵϣȴ
ոһգ긴һ꣬еûд죬Ҳûл
ʱŶӣеȴģ
һɣ¹µİޣһϣпʯͷϵ꣬Ѿ۾硣
޲ˮҵǰȥڼϡ
Ž˽λͻ˷޸һԿš
ſţһᡣ
ůůһЦޣܾ⺫ӡ
꣬ɫ˲ˣ̵ֻĿ˶һۣ͵ҡͷϣȻ˳ȥ
صԼʶոЩʧ̬ˡ
޵Խı뿪ʱˡ
ڶһ磬һһݱˣߵ޵ķǰҲڵһ˲š
վſֹ
ӣС
ָֻ緢ģ֡
̫ຮˣûйϲãǹ͹Ľְɡ

׿ҾѾ׿ڳ£λͺһ̡
һᣬ׿ݡ׿kˣף̤ҰС
࣡
磬磬
׿սǰͣ£İɣûµġ
һģ׿ʲô᲻׿kסļ£Լ춼ǣСģԡ
׿һһӦţУôԼˣ
óȥƽһ硢硢һ·ƽ
˳һЦӹƽ㡣
ûս飬һҪСġ
˴Լļ緢ģģһƽ
׿ϵĲ˶һϾսǸ˭ϲ
ʵޣţֻеȴ
׿ԼõͷһĨ׿
ˣǸˡ
˵꣬ȼ˳ǡ
ţ׿kһۣתӱ޶ȥ
һ˦ͷȥˣݣ
׿Ŀ˽нԶߣĳ档
һΣ·ϣһΣȴ
ֹһ󣬳ǽϵսóع
ߵĹԽ٣Խƽ
ڣȻֹҲǰһڣˤȥ

ǰæʻһӡ
һͣ޿³Ѿʵˣ

ŵСǣһ۱ϳûʶ׿죬ҲͲһͨȥ
׿εˣ
׿εˣ
һУʧɫǰȥһѣ޺ˡ
ƳһĻüëһ˹ȥ
ô£
ļ٣쿴ôˣ
ưǿ׿۾һȷŵȥ
ǫ٣ݣѾ˷ŵ˴ϡ
׿ϵժ£ش
ǫͷô£
Ҳüͷ֪ҷʱ͵ڳſڣΧһȺˣԻһƥ
ǫȣ˼ǣˤˣɡļǺġ
ҡҡͷȷʵ֪үأ
лصүûѾȥˡ
Ƭָ̣ⲻһȻ׿ĸ첲Ž
һæʣôû°ɣ
һЦ˵ûд󰭣⺮Ҫһ׮ϲˡ
ϲ£ǫü⣬ʲô˼
һۣȻתˣϲˡ
ʲô
գ
ǫһ㵣޺ȴϲԽ
ǫĿͣСϲˣһеġ
һ룬͵ͣסֻ˶ЦĿ
Գƴһ˵ǫȻһ촽ɡ࡭
ǫָΡţָָԺķ򣬡ǰɡ
һѴļ磬Ц㰡
ǫ˲ˣԭôʱ䣬ֻˣڹء
޿̴һǫУҲЦ
ٻͷ׿죬˯ðȣ滹һɰ
ЦԽݣΪˡ

 60 

ճ߳ſڣŵ˾æӭȥΪ
ү׿εˡ
ճʱһεˣ
¬ķȥ
ϵļ٣ͷǺ飬Ǹ׿⼸ЩԾΪʲôȴ
ʹľ벢Զʱ䣬¬͵š
ճδͣתܽš
˶֪׿ε£ճ㷢ƢȫԹԵĺһߡ
ճԺͿ޹Ȳ裬Ц⣬ǫȴƲ֡
أ
пճˣүģû¡
õشճһɣҲָǣ޹ô⣿
Ʋ죬ô⣿ҰѰͻġ
л
˵Ǹл䣬ȴ˷޷²豭Ц˵үôҵһ㶼أô𣿡
˵ʲôճɫһ䣬ˡûк
˵žҷߣ޲ƽԼ˰֣໹ûأǸû׼ţ
Ǹճһ٣Щ£عͷüʲô˼
Ƥüʲô˼֪үǱ˼ǡ
ƽʱ˸˵ճǱôĿ֪ܶճȴһ㶼ļ΢ȽŷƮ
˵׿ˡ
͵۾˲һ䵭ϣĲЦ绨
ճҲȲãϼ
ҵƿֺһԣ˻˯ţƽȡ
СѾ΢΢һЦճ񣬵ϲү˳ȥ
ôҸʱ̣Լаɡ
ճ߽ԼĶŵϢˡ
῿ڴһ࣬ԡ
ѾѾ·ͷҲȫɢһࡣ
˯е׿죬ɫףʱü˿̰չţһ˫۾رţ۽ǿɰ룬Ȼˡ
ճִָϣϸϸĸҪԼĽźͼ͸Ƥ¶ȴݸ
ĵĿҪˡ
ճǰҲ׵Ƭ̣δһ׿ĶĹ⡣
˵ȷ̫ңɼˡ
ڣ׿֣ĸһоȻˡ
ճǰ׿ںʱҲһӣʱӵˣҲˡ
֪Ϣʱںʹڻʹۡ
ʱճ㽫ȫõĲҩĶͽ̫˵ʲôϳԣҩҩ룬ֻǶԷޡ
ճЩӣ˵ܸͬܣܵĥ˿١
ճʵڵģֻȥ̫æ
̫ͫĸףϼλ̫ȥޡ̫ճĸǰΪҪãճҲûжʣӦˡ
׿Сסһ£ָ˾
ճЩʧ߬ŵľԽԽ󣬾еŪˡ
ү
һƣڽƮɢ˼ճ㻻˻
Ȼɿ֣׿ֶЩˣճʱѡ
ǸŪˡ
׿գգۣһ£ҡҡͷûС
һ£Һˤˡ
ճֲ̧˲ϵķҵõϢʱѾ޹ͻˡ
ޣ˵ĲЦ£ûˣ𣿡
áճ磬Ц
ڰɣȥ׿žȴճ㰴סúϢҶ
Ѿûˡסճ֣İүзִ硣޾ңҪȥлһ°ɣһȥޣЩûء
ճȴûһȥǼҡҡͷУúϢ齻ҡ
ǡ
ΪңΪճ˵ţִ򸹲ڱġ
׿һʱûӦ˭
ճüЦȻǵĺӡ
ӡӡǵĺӡ
׿ȻЩ㵵ĿԼĶӣ˵
ûˡ
׿ţظţˡ
˲һţӡӡȻճĺӡ
ٿ£Ʋס
ͬʱһ־޴ıʹϮͷ
ճ۵ıס֪׿ǻǰи˰̵˿ڣ˿·ף۵Ҫ
кˡճļţүкˡ
̫ҽ˵ҲⱲӣкˡ
ڴ˺ļˣȷʵûлӡ
ΪԼԵΪһĸס
ճᰲ׿ĿҲ˺ˡˣˡ
׿ţʹ࣬Խ
գ˿ڱ˺۵
ܿ죬׿ʶԼ̥Ӱ졣
ŵճ۾һּᶨ
һҪǻסһе
˿̵ĸӦúһɣ׿֣үкˡ
Ҳͷǣǵĺӡ
׿֪ʱ׿ҾһѾݣ춼һ̽ӱ޵ĽĳС
ˣ׿ҾѾ˳ݡ
á
̽ȥʱ߳һˡ
ѾԽжȡˡ

κȻúܣʵǸߡ
ߣҾȻû뵽һ㣬ճӮˡ
ߵߣȻ׿ҾǶˣΪβںأ
˼ǣ
ѵˣŮװӪ£
üͷҡҡͷʱɡŮװӾȻ۾֮Ͼ⣬ڻκʹǴһ㣬ҲδػжЧοδʲô¶ˣҲûʮ֤ݣٵȵȡ
ȵȣ²⡣
ӪѵΪ˺𣿱׿ҢŮպһճʱֻҪǰ϶֤ݣǳʵǰıҲΪ֮
Ӣ
ˣԽ׿Ҿһ·ϵľǰ£Ҫ
סһɣ˵ѡ񺫹ӣǲѾ֪ǵ£ôᡭ
һӦòᣬ̫谮˽֪ճ˾ٵ⣬ֻû뵽
Ǵ˺ǲҪٺ뺫ҵĽӴ
Ҳأȥ֪ҪãǾ;䡣
ǡ
סҪԽһ·ӦϾպҪһ
ǣ

 61 

׿컳еϢֶߣڶһӸ󳼵ģȻҲⲻ˹еġ
˶ճԺȻˣ˹ȴһ
㬶ĸһ·ۣ⺮صĺܣãȴܵüһ棬⺮¶ɼ谮ʢ
׿Ůװֺ˺һ˼磬ȴûصʣױŨʱĸо
ͭԼ΢΢ǳЦҲ֪ûôڵԼȻ˼ֶĸ׵ĳζ
ڻԻĶϣĸ˸һᱣ
ѵŵʱ䣬˲ˣЩ嵭СˣЩʱѾԸϲ壬Ҳ֪Уϲĳ̶ǰΪϲ˲ٵ
ճһ˹ȥǬǴ׿ԵЩĲɣŹڰ޵顣
ҹ˺һּۻۣ׿ŵе⼸£԰Ŀʾˣĵ壬ճҲӦһðӰˮʯ
ڣճӦþںͫɣ׿ʱеûζ
Ŭֳ˼ڡ
ǬͫճҲûŵθڡ
ܵƽʱȥᣬҪִҲΡ
Ҫ糡
˵ˣУ
Ҫ糡
㻹ûûˡ˵ʲô
Ҫ糡
ñ룬ôˣƤأ
Ҫ糡ƽ
ͫսȭͷҧгݣã˵Ҫʲô
ճ㲻ɫѯʡ
ʲô£ңҰʡ
ɡճҡҡͷõѯʣ߸粻ڳ
ͫ˸ף⽫˵ļΪأǿͫڳͫӣȻΪĶβסҪ֪ĳ嶯
ͫȻüʲô飿Ҷ֪
ճ㰵Ц£ֻкһ˿ʣ߸׼
ͫСƵתת۾ⲻ֪ԼѾ˵Ŀȥˣ˵ҲԣҪ֤ˣұڳ
ǡճЩΪѡ
ʲôѽͫǣҶס䲻Ҫ糣ұÿţ
ճϲԽĿѾﵽˣϵıȴƵĺܺãź̾̾Ǻðɡ
ãͫһƣôˣʹȥ
ԴӺ糳֮ͫͷѾ˼ΪѰҲ֮һԼıԺճкҹ͵ʱͫɴԼҸеĺԺһ᷿Уҡ
ĶԼƤӵ°ȫ
ͫճ㣬ź󣬵ҡ
ڴ˯Ϊ˲˶ĿȥԺȵһӦ飬ͫרŵİţͫԼҲֻҹŻ
ڰʱ䣬ǵһء
ϵ˲ִ˼Ϊʲô£ϳܲǬ£ôˣ
ͫûǿճ㣬ţǺ糣İӰʹ
ת糣λǱ뺮㣬ʵʵ˵ͺá
˵꣬ͫʵס˶䡣
΢΢һȻ񣬡μ¡
ض񡣡ճ㱳߽ձǰһˡ
ʲôˣ
ʮǰָܿ
žֻһĵ˼һϵ壬޹ʶˣˤڵϣһΪ
Ѿܶ꣬û˽гˡ
˰ͷ촽ܿҪʵˣܿ
ͫ־ɣܿǸδޣǵ𣿡
ţλճɻˣˣ
ҡͷҲ֪µǸ£춼ʮѩ¡
֪ͫǸ羰ĺȥұڶͣףȥûĿܡ
ҲΪܿ˽ˣڰǰȻ˴ţ˵춼һλճڵŮӣ糵һͷܿﻹţԼðűץķգҲҪһ
ܿûҵݽ˰Ӱķ粨
͵ؿճ㣬үΪʲôҪܿǲϢ
ճһ£ͷȷʵһλԳƳܿĹҲ֪ģȻشҵ⣬ܼ
ţĻţ糾Цţûû
ǺãԻش𣿡
ճΪ䵭糲Щүʲô
֪ڼָ󣬺ͳܿ˽õǵλˣ
ʲô糵ɫ̱ˣү鱨ɡЩŭܿȻֻһʦȴŮӲͬһֻ٣йӴ˵˽ǺͳеĴ󳼣
𣿡⵹Ǻ׿Щ룬ȷܿûܵλ˵ĸ𣿡
ûУҲ֪糵Ӳ۾ֱƲȥ˱𴦡

ճȻģƺڿάܿ
·ֻͨ辶
ǲ磬˵һ˵ͳܿʶģγδޣ
⡭
ճһߣѵ㲻𣿡
գգۣ̾˿ûѡ
ͳܿڼָʶġ
Ƕʮǰһҹ󣬺糸ոյõµ鱨иϡ
ԶԶ˺ȣǰһǳܿ
ǸˣɣҲ춼еĲŮš
㽫ȥ
糽ԼУһѯʣ֪ڳϷ顣
ʱʷ̨˼Ϊ࣬޹κλȨأֻܿӦ
ʱδʲô·֮ȴٳٲϷߣƺᱡ
ڳܿСƯϰһЩȭŹ򣬲ƾ˳
Ҳˣ˻ŻѰͷ
ڳʱԳܿ˰֮飬һиǶ̣Ҳ˵Ϊޡ
ǣ˵ʱӰǸˡ
֮󣬳ܿһ糣һȥ֮ĸ㶨
ճüʹûȥָ𣿡
ûСֲɣȥҲǸҴŹ꣬ܿҲ˼ָ󣬲̨ˣ˵ǳףͰѼָصֻҵӡ
ճ㴹Ŀ˼ţȻ޷жϾ˭˵˻ѣһ¿϶ܿ濴ô򵥡
׿˵һ˱ǰȥɱĺˣɼɲǺ˵ġһЩȭŹ򡱡
꼫ָ˥ƺҲԭ
ԭ򣬾Ȼǵµ鱨Ӱû˽⵽ࡣ
ܿܿޡ
ǵǲͬһˣǣΪ֪أ

 62 

һһʮĻشճ⣬Ȼڴ𰸵ٻɣҲֻе˵ʲ֪ˡ
ճתȦ̬Ʈò׼˼
ʲôʱܼܿ
ճ㿴ﻹһ㡣
͸ɻ󣬡ʲô¡
ճ갵ӰͻȻ֮ǰûյʲôҪ鱨ü۰ͫǹڻҵģ
ڻʲôͫɫ˱䣬ϰˣ˼ǣ
ճȴûǶź糵۾ϸ룬Ӱó֮ǰûзʲôر飿
⡭¶ɫʵ췢ʲô飬ǵãҪ֮ǰʲôһʱҲͷԡ
ӰȻǲ飬긴һոһˣ˭Ҳرȥƽһ졣
޷룬뵽ʲôٸ߱
ǡ
뵽ˣټҲ١ճӾҪߣȴʲôЩ׼ڵĳܿѾӡǸˡ
һүʲô˼
ʵں棬ү㽲޵Ĺ¡
ޣ
ճͷͺúɣ뵽ˣԻ
˵꣬㲻˺糵ļ׷ʣȳҡ
ͫһӵ⣬ϰˣǵ׻֪£˵˵
ճüûʲô˵ģҲµġ
µģͫȲѣɰӰ֪˻ҵܣҲµģ
νĵͷ
ͫľôƾ޾ݵҲ£
ճ㳤ڱԻʼûʲô飬Ҳ⣬ճ²ؼĵҵͫʵڵᴥĳЩ˵ۡ
У㲻ٲˡ
ճΪʲô
ͫĵĽͣڵĴ貢ҵֱӰŽɽȹ̣ʲôɸ˵ܣڱ˳ǸүҲӵ갵Ӱˡ
߸˼ɱ𣿡
鱻ˣΪЩ˲𣿡
ճ⻰֣üһЦô߸˽Щˡ
ҡͫȻʶԼʧҲ֪
ͫȷ֪˭ĻһУ֪ΪΣճ˵֮ʱͫԺ˲両ֳľſƴճСԺ춼Ҳڻʹͫ˵ȴЩԼ뷨
ۼ֮еĶթ֮еѪȷ磬Щ˲㣬ҲǺڰǳԵһǡ
ճҪһһ̤ڰȥͫסЩʲôأ
Ϊһ֧
ճЦһ޷ɱңˣͿû¡
˵ֹ°ͫŽȥıӰиһ㵣ǡ
Ǭճֱլ
һΪ˽׿ؼҵģϣ֪˱˴һܡ
֮׿ճĹϵûʲôı䣬кܴĸı䡣
ÿٿճ㱻޷ŴԸ˻
ÿͬЦճ㱻ȫϣǴ԰ů
֮䣬κθҡ
ԶԶسӭӣ
μү
ĳɳıճ㻹ǿģҲøΪȣȻҲųΪճǰԹӣϾ׿Ǹ὾ƤӲĵܵܡ
ճ룬˽궬죬ӦþͻöϽȥˣﻹҪһСүģǰλСүΪճ㵹һҲġ
үôûи
¡
Ŷճʲô𣿡
ЩҪʰޡ
ޣɶ˲ȥ밢޹
˵꣬ת뿪
ǰڶճϤ˷Ƕš
Ĳ˶˴ûиԵġ
ҲǸִ֪ˣӲճǰ
ճȴ֪ÿεԼصʱ˶Ĳ裬ݵġ
һΣճҵֻ࣬Ȩ֮ƣûʲôʧ
ȴ֮ΪֻһˮԱ顣
ճ㱣ǰ˶ŵˣȴûܾ
ûгΪĲҲлΪһƽŮӣӴֲ赭νá
ϧⶫ˭ӵˡ
һڶųϵĲ裬ǰζ
ճһ̾ϣһҵԼˡ
ţŲִ˹
ˣˣ
һվˣ糿ǻ𣿡
һţճ̽˹
һݵ壬߶ţָлڡ
ôһľأǻôм
ȴ۵ģүô죿Щ˻᲻
ճֽصģӦԱ
һùţŵֿһ飬ָлôл˵ģ
ˡճվ˵޵鲻ҪٺκҲҪٲ֣Իᴦ
ŶЩԸԴ춼ǣ££ȴû뵽ôݲճˡ
ڰˣҲˣҲ֪ȥģ죬û˼
ճҪߣæóһͱõĺ˹ȥ
ʲôճüʵ
΢죬ԽСǡۣĹЧż׿ӽɫãͲ˺˷ĩֻˮÿһΣգܿЧűֽ׿ӵģѾûˣû뵽ү֪үҲǹ׿ӣΪת
ճһͻŴ˿̵ı飬ʹٲ飬Ҳ˼֡
⵱Ǻãһҵ֮ˣȴû뵽ǣ׿ϡ
˿Ҳ˵ƣ廹ϵˡ
ӹҩһε뿪˶θ
һҲ֪ճ׿£ճתƵһ׿ƣӣﻹ˼ɵôࡣ
ڣүҩ
㣿ɵЦʲôأ
ŻعʱЩΣɵЦˡ
ôûɵЦЦɻˡ֪ˣǲΪ
˵ŽĵԼܵһۡ
Ҳûк˵Ϳˡ°ͣűϣ㿴񣬸˲һ
ﲻһ
͡Ժ˼һ´ǣҹ̧ͷա
ŲȥʱЦˣʲô˼
˶ֻǣֻ

 63 

㿴ɺΣƯһ￴ţһ׿ķԱȻţһ֯е·һ٣֤үˣ궼
Ƥӣ׿ҲЦðͰôɡ
ģȣû뵽׿쾹ȻĻӦ漴ʧˣǣǸûв֯·ӱּ飬˺ٵģȻҲһЩĽУ̫ػ̫ڣ䲻֧ӡ
Ǿû취׿һЦûеӣﻹҵĵ
龫ֵĴ۾һתʵ춼һطҵŶ
׿쾪ȵüֵطô֪
죬Դ޹ÿ֪Ӫܣﻹע⵽ЩСŮҵĶ
Ǵ֪ģ
ЦţЩݣǸڵʱҺҲģһȥɷôһרĵطʹ֮ǼҵͲҿˣǰ¿ţ˵˺ܶµء
׿ıסϽ֮ս춼ˣ뿪ˣû뵽ȻԸڴ˾Ӫ̡
ǾһȥֲȥӪˣÿڸдţ𣿡
׿Ц£ûг֮ǰǾȥϹ䣬֮ԼСѾ߾ȫˣҲǰӵġ
׿ͷãҸʱȥ
̫ˣһӱϵĿĲԶ
ʱִ˽үˣѾߵˡ
֣ǰǣסҡӦһȥˣ
ҲΪϲ׿ȷһ
׿˳Ƶͷȥ
ү
׿ոУ¶СӦţʱȥУ˵ġ
޷һЦԺү˵
Ҫͬ˵ʲôȻճ
׿üһͿǰճ˽
Ϲ糯󣬾һֱû׿쵹ûһǰͬ񽲻ʱãڿǷ糾͵ˣʱ
ѾǶ˳ȥճߵ׿ǰ˱˻
ıϢͣ׿Ķ׿ķһһµİ
ôˣ
׿ЩԾ
ճЦ⣬û£ֻˡ
һ˵Ļ׿΢죬Ĵ˼ı
ô˲𣿡
ȻҲģǰֻԼһ룬ǴŶĺӣһ롣
Ƭ̵´ճſ˵¡
ȥǬͶլ
ճ֪׿ţҲ֪İ޾ǵ˺糵ܿ˵ˡ
ôôɣ׿쾪ȲѣǺβǼһ棬鲻ˡ
ճͷҲģȥ˶լ󣬷ְˡ
ˣ׿첻ۣȥˣǡץ˰ɣ
ճæڻУ̫ꡣѾȫˣ˴ǱţӦòǱץߵġ
׿쳤һĹ򣬵ȷ̫ܱϢץߡ
ҵ˰ޣӦþˡ
׿ͷҲֻˡ
ճԥƬ̣Ӱˮʯһ죬ݵʵǶš
࣬ڶլҴһ㡣
׿ЩĲɵӦһʲô
ճ˵ſɫãЩĥ˷ۣոѾҪȵҩܵ㡣
Ǹùϸ
ճ֪ûʶԼ˼ܵ㡣
һȥлġ
ճε̾˿ͷ㻹û׶ŵ˼
ʲô˼׿ȷɻˡ
ճĿȥϲ㡣
׿ôҲû뵽Ȼ𰸣ϲң
ճͷѾǵڶˡ
׿Ȼ뵽ޣôװ٣װôû뵽ġ
춼ǵӵ˲٣Ǻ֮ģôϲأ
ΪϽɡ
ճ㴹ȥǸ֪ˣ˶μң㶯ġ
Ǹмɡϲ
һʮĹѣֵأ
⡭׿Ϊѣô죿
ճס֣ȥͬ˵
ң׿Щܣô˵һүأǲǺ𣿡
ǲģԼȥ̽飬˵ãҪճ̾Ϣк󣬰ݾʱ֣ܳѾźˣͬ˵ȥһʱ䣬ʹʧҲɡ
Ҫȥ˵
Ҫȥ
ճ˽ţ׿첻ȥĻ룬Խݸһ
ðɡ׿Эȥ
ھȥ
ڣ
ҹζࡣ
׿һоճУļᶨЩȥ·

լУڻ԰ժ¿ĺ
׿죬ճЩֻյǸö౸һЩ
ժţʯ䵽£û⣬ʯԽȴģ׷
ڴӻתעһͷͿһ׿죬һϣЦų֡
׿ӣϲ⣬ôҲû뵽ǡ
벻׿쳯
СͶ°֣ϷǾԲģôһƻﾹЩͷ
ͷ׿ӷϷȻץסŵĸ첲·ݶ
Ų
ȥߵһ
վڷϣ߼ΪźȻ˺£ǰľɫпԭ춼ô
ÿ𣿡
ϦڰɽնѪɫƶ佻ųɲͬ״
ûо
ÿ
˳£׿յˡ
һ˲ձ죬ͷȥ
׿쿴ճ˵ĶģŶĸ飬ȷһ㡣
ӡ
ţʵ
ʵʲôŲģÿĵӡ
׿ܵߵĻһ¾˻ȥ
ʵǸŮģ㲻ϲҡ
ʵͦõġ
ĿǲΪκȻô˵ﻹ˿˿ڴ
׿´Ӧиõ
׿ӡ
׿ָָԶգ㿴ߵķ羰ǸֻԺͻ
ƲͷȥҲ֪û˼
׿ӣԺľɫҲֵȥ͡
׿̾˿ܾ飬ĺ˵ڣץץͷԼСֹ͵Ǳ˼ҵԺӡ

 64 

ʵ׿ͻȻڶθʱž֪˼
ճ˻׿죬׿ˣһֹӣе˼һĿȻ
ƫҪװӣݶϺ׿һţƬ̶ֵϧġ
׿ӣɫ࣬ް˰ɣ
׿ֱ۳࣬˫ȴڷ£Щ͡
ʵЩݣôõĹѵҪֱ˵Ҳϲ˵Ļ𣿿˵Զ̫ƽˣԽţۿϦ£ҭںĻȴסһ
Զ΢ŵķŷ˿Ʈ׿ϡ
͵زﻮһ˿ɬǸ
׿̾Ϣһ뻹ǾڣţҪ뿪һʱ䡣
뿪£ŷ˿˾ȵҪȥ
ȥ׿֮ǰͨõ˵үȥϺү
ŶҪȥܾ𣿡
ܾá
׿ӲΪ˶Ұɡ
źȻΪƽ˵ôһ䣬׿ʱסˡ

ǲŸ׿ţ
׿Щãôô룿
ŵЦ£ŽղүתЩ׿ӱ˶θǴӴŽܹ˵ֱܵ˻԰˵Ǵſյķ羰ȴţ˿̹˵Ҫȥһʱ䣬ΪŸҪܿѵŸ𣿡
׿һδžȻϸܰЩ鴮һȻ׿رĽԭ򣬵ոյȷԴӱܶŶϲ
ȫ׿˼
εҡҡͷô᣿ʵǱҪ£үһȥġ
űЦţ˽֪౱뺮¸飬үε˻ȥҲ
׿첻Ծȥŵ۾˵ţȴûһ˿š
Ȼ϶ǺƭĻԡ
ţҡ
Ӳ˵ˡſֹӽķʽڶθѾ˴𰸡ֻǹӵײţǸ̰Ľ׵ˣͲһ׿ϡ
ֱӰѻˣ׿ҲԼΣţͻСûֵȥϲˡ
СûעĿ𣿡
Ϻ⣬ǿ۵˱Ѿ
˵۸
ŲͷչЦǾŵΪӺү˸Ųٴűǡ
ţҲ˼ûиţҲ˷Լһܵϡ
ɹӲҲѡ𣿡
ʲô׿ס
Ц⣬ү󣬸ңɹӲѡү𣿡
⡭׿û뵽ȣһ¡
ϺʱڲײһĻ
ֺγ˷Լһܵأ
ǲһ׿첻üҺүĹϵ
ŴδǰѵǼٵ𣿡
׿۾תôͣɻûڣż
ȻǳҲҲ֪밮үԹأӶүֺγǣʹ޷Լ빫ӵĸ飬ŴδڹõʲôҲδǵĸκθ棬ҪĲʼŹӣѡ˭ѡ·ߣδĹ;ΣŶԸⲻ벻Զڹ󡣡
׿쾪Щ˵ԭΪֻһʱͿŮԣû뵽Ѿյز
ﰵԼǶȻʶ
ԣûκҲĬĬ鹫𣿡
۾ģˮĴǳǳЦţֱ˾ó
׿찡
ԼԴְû޴롣
˳˵ŮӳΣڿеһΡ
׿ճʱҲðѻͬ˵ǰѾöһһӣٽ׿
šɫȥȻѻ˵ַϣҲøһ
ʲôżȻ࣬۽ֹס
㲢ûиţΪҴûϲҡڼȻ֪ˣҾӦñԼ̬ȣҡҵֻүһˡ
ǡЦ£ס
㲻ס׿۾ҾΪʱٰǵˣҡʱңҲ˾㣬㲻ظм
ѵŷֲʲôǸм𣿡
ΪʲôϣףҲֵ˷Ϊ㲻õκλӦҺүһүҡ
ӵ˼ף˵ˡ
źƲȥٿ
׿̾һձΣǾܾһҪʲôķʽŸãҲʵûо顣
̫ѾֻʣһϦ⣬վҸȥˡ
⻰˼ԲŲ˵ˣ׿ҲֻգǣŶŴӷϷص˲䣬ųԼĸ첲
лл׿ӣЩˣ㲻ˡ
µԣ׿챾ͲƤˣĺ˼š
úϢɡ޴Ц¡
ȥ·ϣ׿첻ס룬Ȼζ̸ĽãѾԼ̬ˡ
׿οԼϵı鲢ɡ
ճһ۾Ϳ£Ĵڴ߰̾ˡ
̫ˣҪڲ˺ǰ¾ܾʵ̫ˡ
ճЦôû˵𣿡
׿תͷüëү˵ҪҪ˵ʵû뵽ſȥģʵȴǸִŵĹɴֱӸԼݺˣ
˵ʲô˵ʵǸŮ𣿡
׿ͷȻףֻһ·ˡ
ҵãѾ˵Լ̬ȣ֮űǡ
Ŷ
źܴ˼
׿°ڴǰ𣿿һѹɡ
ճߣķͲӦһġ
׿ͷҲֻˣ֮󼸸£Ҷû취װʾˣúһ°ɡ

˵׿ȻѾ¡
죬ҿԺȥϹһ𣿡
伯жѣΪλرң
Ҫȥһ˿ĵꡣ
ˣ
׿ͷȻ춼ǵѾˣѵһϵĵ꣬ȥ
ճ˼Ƭ̣սȻ춼
üȥ鿴һ¡
á׿˼
ҵ꣬ûб濴ô򵥡

 65 

ŵʱ׿ȥ׿ҢİҲƺͣסˣ޺ȻǸؼˣճѰ춼ҲûϢ
׿ڴԼĶӣȻûֳѾԸоԼı仯ֱۣ̰ᷦ˯ϵ񶼶ȦճЦôԣǴѡ
ֽһУ˽߰ɣѾˡ
á׿Ӧ¡
ճ˵ȥճȥ˲Ǽ˿ӡ
׿ճﶼɵ̻¶󣬾飬Ƕ춼۾
һ޹Ӧò
׿ֲų˸ţѾԣˣ֡
С̨ס
ֱּУ˵Ǽҵ̾档
˶пڣ˳׿þúùһ䣬ȷ̫ˣÿһȺںһ䣬֬ˮʲôζˡ
п춼ֵĵطӶﳤֵǸʽĵ̣¥ķַԼСߺ˷Ϊ֡
Сʱ׿ǳϲʱ͵ȥƹСȻÿζᱻץȥĸ׽ѵִ˲ƣϻͷϰë
׿Ң˵ӣʱʱ˴ܶŹһҸĵط׿ȴȤˣǴϵĸߺȣ¥֣᲻ġ
ڵȻˡ
Щ̻ıΣѾˡ
׿ߣǰ棬󿴿ҿǮС
˼࣬Ϊ˷ֹ׿죬ճ㻹رһԱ׿ҲԾÿӵֵȺڲߡ
׿鲻Цţôʲô
Ӧţٹվˡ

ѽЩǵǺӵƣ֮ҹҪȥźǱ߷ŵġ
׿ͷ֪ϰףδĹźӷϺӵƣԵڶε̲ҵԼĺӵƣӦԸ
ЦˣԵ²ʲôϲˣ
ֵһЦ򴽣һСѾͷѣúɣʲôԵ
׿ͷ׷ʣֵգпȻѾˡ
ʱúÿ죬ڣѾȥôá
ճôûأÿҶҪмģҲñͽȥ׿ǰڹжЩҲһĵã濴ȥ⵽˱ãʵȴŵ
ڵĺͽףҪСĳǵżĴĹϵҪϸ㡣
˵ճ㶼Ѿźأ
ǰ˻ˣǰǼҵˡ
׿ű̧ۿȥָķһսСӣߵӿڱ㿴ڰҡ

ǼҵĲرÿ
ãȥ

ڽУԽ
̾ϢȰţЪЪɣЩЩٿҲ޷ġ
ߣȷ޷㿴Щû͵޵̫Ǳ߾Ѿ˴ˣǻ޸ֱӰλᵽ̫ȥ
æϢŭĪĪ
һˤγ֪⹬ж̫ߣ뷢йһ¡ʵǣһʵۣȨûС
ӵϼӷһߣūſ̫ˣֳ£ūϳȥɢɢİɡ
ȥ
ɫ˻ãͳȥ
ǣūȥ׼
Լĳȥ
⡭ⵣĻϵİȫ
Ѿöע⣬ҲֻӦ¡
ԼۣһӣΪСĹŮæʱڵϵġ
ڹѰҹСȴûҵ
ʱʶСƺǹеˡ
ɲ֪ΪΣûţҲûŭǸ˳Լһ˵ܡ
һȫ̫ƿصܡ
ҲڹѰˣֺȻ£ΨһСӣ˳ˮˣΡ
֪вȫҲСڹǶԵġ
ջ˼ıǿ·Ż

һͺϰ̸
׿´λһȵŮˣһɴ֯ȹӣԶء
ճĽ˵ҵһ˶֧ŵģһĶӣȴû˼ķ
ھǶ˵ǸѸ׿쿴ʣȴôá
ע⵽׿ĻΪЩˡ
׿ĬĬҡͷˣȻճѾ˵ؾûʲôˡ
Ÿô
ѾһӣˮɫĲ֯С
Ư
ǰȶһ̾Ȼÿɫķɫ
׿Ҳͷ۹⻹ǲϲ
Ǿɡ
˵꣬ȥȡӣרµĲ÷죬ߴ硣
ȥĵĲˣ⴫һǺ«ߺȣǰһ˳ȥ
׿εҡҡͷĺӵƣ˵ûСӰˣԵʲôΪӵͺÿİˡ
׿źӵƣȳ˲ȥҪܡ
ߵϣﻹõˡ
ȥˣ
һͷϴһɫװ
ߵֹסĲôôһ⡣
ǰϦпֵʱһи̣ô
Ͽȥȴ˲٣üͷչƽࡣ
ϣʡӣҼҾ¥ȥɣô࣬ȫ
ôͲȫˣЦ£Ҷڽ߶ȫƫƫ߾Ͳȫˣ
ݡ
ϲͷֹסĻʲôݣҺЩһǴ񡣡
ֻ̾
ţǰȻһϤӰ˴һ幤׵ĽзվڲԶĽֿڣš

ϾϲѣѰǧٶȣȻף˾ڵƻɺ
ԶԶţСһһϲһ˹ȥﻹǺ«
С谮ĶǹЦЦĺӵƣһһϣ˵ʲô
Ȼ˻˹ȥ
Żع׷ȥ裬Ⱥѵ˹ȥ
ٿڣﻹиո˵Ӱӡ
˲ʧ䣬ոľϲȻ޴档
ȺŸ˹ֹסĲ
ͻȻһһ
ʲôӴ
̧һһŽɫСһ֡
׿

 66 

ԴӶлϵһֱ˷ܡ
߬ǿСǲס
ֵµرû֪СĹ˭
Ҳ뵽˽ӦˣȻٰܼ繬Ů빬Ǿһ˵Լ
ϵЦ£˵֣һŮӴһ㶼
ϣʱҲˣЪϢɣСūŻ˼Ѱҵġ
ϿҹɫҲ͵˵ͷշ˶ټ
һߵĺУ˰Щƣۣ׼ϢȥǮʱ򣬺Ȼһ
֣пҵС𣿡
ûаֻæµб˹ôˣ
ҵСˡ
ֿһǮϣԭֻСҡҡλεֻʣ
ǰˡ
ɥİѺɰһߣôᶪأǿǽʱСģǴģȻŪˣ
ͷţĪˣС㲻ģô˵ҲǸͨҪȥһ
ôһأգǽ׿ͱָС㣬ȻôСණǣС͵ĵһôˡ
̾˿¶ԼһϵֻɫС
ֵȡһֻСϵǮϡ
Ǹ
ǮĽȷ׺󣬰ǮС
¾ͲѹСʧá
ǡ
㣬˯ɣСΪһһѾһˣĵ壬ĬĬͺˡ
۾˲ʪ󣬡֡ᰲοˡ
Ц䣬ߣ£ϱӡ
˯ɣջҪΪСء
ڱͷ
֮䣬ԼԶǱչ˵Ǹɫʵǵû̫ԸʹȻָƽĽһǸֻƤá
֣ҪߣȻ뵽ĺӵƣҪúš
üôˣ
üС죬ȥźӵư
źӵƣֻ˼ŮӲŻ顣
ϺΣȥźӵʲô
ȻԵˣЦΪҿ֮䡭
˵һ֣˲伱æϵı֣ס죬˯㣡
ʱڱЦһţֺҲͲټ˵Ц͸ŴԺõ
׿ǰͻȻһЦ䡣
ЦСѾͷʲôôˣ
׿첻̧ۿˣճƺûбţһĿ̡
̾˿ûԼôҪճأ
²
׿ִİѾ˽岽
ƫƫ˺ڣ˵Լ˵ãҪͬճһ¡
֪Լǵ㼼Ҳͺ֣׿ĥŹ綼ˡ
Ŵճû뵽ЦƮ˽׿һƣаһˤˣѾͷЦ˼·ˣ˲ˣƽƽ֡
˵žͰ̴ңڰӻһ
ճ̧һӲı飬켴εҡҡͷѾӮˡ
ã˵ƽ־ƽ֡
׿쿴ճ۴ЦӣЦһӲЦʲôΪ²𣿡
ɷ˵Ĳ顣
׿Щ飬æӣԼҪվ
ճַס˰ɣϢɡ
׿һɫҲˣҲȷЩˣá
ɵ齺׿ȴַȥ˯ˡ
ѾϨ˵ƣɫܿճ㿡εĲ
ı߸ߵͦţ۾ȻţҲʱʱ΢΢촽ȻԿֻ̱ƽ䵭ˣԾȥ캬ס
ڳݲĵôˣ
Ҳû˯׿ɴӣճ㻳ָ˳ؿǰȦȦ
վˣĻҼ磬үɱˣ
ճ겻硣
죿׿סæǰ빬ꡭûа硣
Ϊ
Сˡ
ճ㵭ڣ˵£»Ӱ쵽׿ڵûϵȻ
Сӡ׿ȻĶ𣿡
ԡ
׿ﱻУǰںõĽá
Ƕû˺ӵˡ
˵£׿һֱиɻǰϵɲ٣ȴûһܳĶӡ
ǣ׿죬ѱסĺӣƽҲΪָزۡ
ﶼϵĻλǶģͷá
׿첢˵֪һڶЩѪ
εľǣϴûй׷顣
׿ĺӣǵԼʱΪһԺӵˡ
ץŷ̿ʣȴֻǰο˵Ժ󻹻еġ
̫ҽĻһкˡ
̫ࡣճǶϤ뷨һǵĺӣһƽ
׿ûе£ϾϦͬգɻΪʲôĻӶ
ĺʱ꣬˵һСĵġ
Ϊ˴˼е̫࣬Ҳ˶ѡ
ү˲û»ӣ
˼ǣ
׿ҡҡͷҲֻһ뷨ѣǰһں󹬰ֶ꣬СĴڣºز۵Ķѵã˹Ϊ֮𣿡
ճۣǻ˭أʲôĿģ
׿벻ͨĵطµһϤ󹬵ˣҲضһȨѵ𣿵һӶûܻҲ̫˼Щϵ̬˸ƺ֪ʲôȴԸ˵Ƶӡ
ʲôĿģ
һûãʲôĿģǶΪλˡ
׿쾪ȣλ
ճȴ˼
׿ʶ뷨ճĴúΣգҪȨпľ׵ܵճ㡣
£ܸճ㳶Ϲϵ
ү뵽˭𣿡
ճȴתͷһ£ȻƣǰͳȻ
˯ɡ
ŵЦ£ã˯
֪Ļ˭ҲԸ׿Щ
׿찵Լеˣǰһܲ˵ġ
ճ㵭ͷ𣬡˯ɣ˯ɣﲻؽãһڱʱ˵ÿ춼ǵĽ϶ǳ֣ϻ𡭡кӵơС
˯⽥ŨߵȥԲ

 67 

ת۾͵졣
쳣Ҳŵƽʡ
׿촩õ·ֻɺΣͭԼһ̲סĿޡ
Ҳۼô䡣
ΪڣܽүƲۡ
׿쵭ЦţʱҲѧ˵
ūûк˵үʱ򣬱Ʋۡ
Ц۾Ǻ𣿡
׿ȤСѾͷһۣʲô߲ߵģѾеˡ
˵ЦģҲԽ
ճİţ֮ҹҪȥ¥Ծ£ϯǫ
֮ҪȥΪճ춼ҹУ֣׿챾ϲЩкһֱڸ»ƣóᣬͬһȥߡ
׿֪ҲȷĵĲˣΪ硣
Ѿã׿ǰ棬ָճҪЩʱֱȥ¥Լǰȥ
һ·ϣͣ¥ǰ
¥춼ľ¥µȥճĶ˶¥䣬濪¥һ־ܴ
׿¥СһţǫѾˣﱧһСƣƷĽζ
һ׿ˣǫվЩΣǵһֱŮװ׿졣
μ
ڵӣ׿Цһɡ
¥СЩɹ̺ͲˮһƣȻ¥ȥ
ֺſڣֻʣǫڷŶεЦ
׿쵹һƣݸǫȿڣǰ㣬ϣ½⡣
ǫһŤˣȻҲҹֻǰԼΪʲôû㷢֣ҪȻһ֪ġ
С޹֪
ǫӹƱһĩ˲˲ǣԳЦЦ
˵ûǱȻⶼû
׿һʽϣԺǻһദ㲻ݣʵҵǽҰʱ򣬸ڡ
ǫ˿ЦЦ˵Ҳôá
ͷ㶼֪˵㡭֮Ҷɵˣҵʱôܻأ̫ɵˡ
ǫ׿ŴĺܱǸ
̾һڶƣ䵽ʱͻЦˡ
ˣȥˡ

ܾöƲֵġ
˼Σȴʲô˵ֵĺܣ֮ǰʱ򣬶ŻͦĵģôȻͱɫ
θ¾Եùˣ˵˵Ŷȥ̽׿ҢأܶڸгԹϾ׿Ңڽ㣬Ҳҹţ򵥺˼ͷŶϽ뿪ˡ
գŶŵӣ㣬ȥתתɣܼ˵춼ǵҹпˣȥҲ壬Ǿȥɣ
ĲɣڽѾľȫڻҪȥ־ٺãҲȤ
ܾĻᣬ˾͹ս˴·
Ȼҹе֣̯Ѿ٣ֵҲࡣ
һ첽˳ȥͣһߵС̯ϡ
λ𣿡
һεİߣԶ֣㣡ߺƯ
ֲֻø˹ȥ
ˣϲ߰ɡ

һճҲ˳Ҿϵ¥
аƥС˩ãճ¥
үֺǵˣæȻƿ˰š
׿һĴ̨ϣһðĲ裬ǫ˵Цʲô
֪ʱҲѾˣǫһ࣬δ˵Ҳա
ү
໥кճ׿Լߡ
䲻䣿
仹죬ѾЩˣ׿ҡҡͷ䣬ʱ·
Ǿͺáճ㻹ӪףǼŸϹûܻظȥ·
׿££ճǰҵķ˿м۵үˡ
ӪʱһЩСҲͰˣûճҪ޾ϸķġ
ճ˳ץס֣ůģࡣ
û˵ٻϰߣֻ׿֮ҪЩԲԵЩִ١
Ǹǫ˵ĻЩۣСϲ˰ɣǶˡ
ĬƳһۣ˵ͶΪʲôҪҡ
ǫֻؾһֵܣҪ
ճͷֱԸСϲˡ
һᣬճһ˼䣬˱Ц
ƽ䵭ճ㣬˿̵¶ˣ׿ůůģ˱еĲˮ
磬һƬЦпʼˡ
ϯ䣬ǫʫ˻֮һԣѲ󣬱Ҳֻʣǫʫˡ
׿ĬĬصͷһˣе汾µģֻƽ̫ɢȫ
ǫҲתͷž⣬һף
ң׿쾪һ£˲ˣʫɡ
û뵽ǫȻֻǼôô˵
׿Щﻢ£ǫ飬ֻʫ飬治˵еġ
ԥʱճҲ˵ɣǸƷӣ㡣
û뵽ճ㶼˵ˣ׿̾˿ðɣ롣
̧ͷҲ֪Щдµǧ䡣
׿Ц£ǫ䡣
˵һ
⣬³˷ƣñů˼롣
Ŷǫü壿
׿Ц˵һȾˣҹŷ絽ƹŵоʱǸԼȾƵĹѾ뿪ˡ
˵˲䣬˶סˣǫҰľƣԽûζ
׿˵Ǹӣ
춼еĴ˵ֻһž˫ǫֻǸȾƵˣͲ˶ѡ
Ǽסģֻвž˫ǫ
׿ʶԼĲף˼ġ
ǸҲǹĵġ
û¡ǫҡҡͷԹԵЦҵͦģң˼ǵ
ճ㸧˸׿ıοһЦ
˼ǵѵð
ǫվЩζߵߣϵ£޾Ļ֮С
Ǻʱأ
Ųȴޱȼį
žǸɡ
ǰִļϣ¡
ǫ˳ǣʲôֻǸпѣѾûôˡ
ȥˡ
ǫһȣЩǰȥôˡ
ͻȻ´һ£ǫڸ𣿡
ͷһǶ

 68 

ϣԭǶСү
ͷϿţһߣԲôһ䣬˵ҹпˡ
ǫ⽥һˣöأ
ЦŻճүǶСү
ȻˣûвĵճͷȥӶ
ճס׿֣˸ĵ񣬡޷
׿Ҳֻö˿̵ױݺʹ磬װмĳ룬ҲҶʲô
Ƭ̣¥ϴ˽Ų
һ£Ķϴһµߣ˵
󣬻һλɴ£˵Ĺ
׿һƼ￩һô˺Ϳжĵطûжأ
μү
˰ݹү̰ճߵŮϡ
ճ㵭˹λǺ
μ
׿񡣡
ȻͬһϽܼûֵ̫ķӦֻǶ͵ۣǶδıı㣬Ĵɡ
ﻷһȦʲôûҵֲʧ
Ƴһֱӿʣأû𣿡
˺ĳĬܿлص˱
ȲѣôȻرȥˣҲ˵һʲôʱܻ
вԾӵĿ׿죬һɡ
ôòŻЩĹģһѣ߶˵һ
ЩΣæͣΪ·ͻȻߵ̫ˣ˱һдŵġ
𣿡üʣȻˣһҪңһҪ˵ء˵ø첲¶ţǰɣ㣿
ȴѾͷֹţû뵽լͬ˵ĻȻģΪҪűĻѻҪߡ
Ǹݶϣ׿ֹĻ
Ӧ˺ԼԲԥɡ
۽һʪ֪ˣӦҪͬúøġ
ʵνϲ£ҲδɣŰûڲѣֺοҪЩ翵Ķأ
׿˵ϣиõӦ£Ҳһ׮°ɡ
û㣿㷢ʲôأ
ûСŵΣȴȫ׿쿴
׿Ĭ̾õĹﰡ
ǫڴ̨Ѿ紵˾ƣ㲻Ƹղǰ߹ЦСүͿҪȥҹ𣿡
ͷ԰ܼ˵ҹпˣҪһȥɣ
ǫЦЦаҲȵòˣǾȥ䣡ͷһȥɣ
ңһǸֵˣҹУϲԼҩ
ѽǫҡͷһ첽ǰסܾĻᣬˣѵôһ𡣡
Ҳȥճһǵһ춼ǹҹʲôûأү
ճס׿֣ģڼ˸ǣҲǣãǾһȥ
ν춼ҹУʵһƻᣬҪʱٰ죬ÿԪҼһؽһŵǴӸߴ춼Ǿһ޴ķźҹ飬ҹɫĺڰ֮Уҫ۶Ŀ
̼Ҷ⣬ƹݲȣͣһҹϸ֣ԺܶնϳţҲγҹС
׿һУϣճ㽫ڻϾУǱ۵ǾͲˡ
ǫǰ棬ҲСѾ߸ߣҲס̯λС⣬׿쿴ŲЦæȥˣ
бҲ׿ΧŵģһҲȥˡ
õճУ첽ǫͶߣ󿴿ҿʱʱĹЦΪ⡣
ճ׿ߣֻʣһĶš
·һҩ̣㱻˹ȥǫǵҩȥˡ
ճ׿ߵ䵽˶׿ЦԽүһû߲·ʱɣ
СЩûġ
үĸá
Ȼһ·ϳĬԶźȻ˿ڣ׿һճ֡
ȻԼʲôأݲǰ࣬Ǻ
ţ춼ǵϰ𣿡
ճƺǲ׿Ĳ˸⿪ʵ
Щүǹңź͵ܵĺܺã׿˴缺ûʲôϰߵġ
Ǿͺáճ㳶ǡ
׿ɫЩܾԼ˵ʲôϾᵽ
ҲĸǣȷʵϲǽܣԺʲôΪ֮ܿڡ
лܵ׿˴Ѿмˣи
һµ壬׿̾˿ʵڲ֪ͬ˵ʲô
öǰ˻ﻹһյӵơ
㣡㿴
ŽݹĶǣ
Ǻӵơ׿㳤ϽҲ֪춼ǵϰףӵŮԵġ
źһص
һ㣬㲻ҪҺò״һ˵ҪǰȥȻڵƱдԸûϵҿǰ黭ģȥıīдϾˣ
㡭ŵոˡ
׼˼Щͷ㡭ôˣ˵ģ㲻ϲ
˵ˣͻȻ˶Ҳŵһӵƾ͵˵ϡ
ӵƶֽģȻˤһ²ڻҲû״
ʶԼʧ̬Ҳȥˣת˳ȥ
㣡
ȥ׷׿סͷСĶҵ˼
ȥ׷ɡ
׿ճͷճɿץ֣Сġ

ŲûܶԶʵȻΪܵܵĻΣСĽԼԶ󣬻鷳ֻֿڡ
һƽţϵ˺ܶ࣬µˮгصľǵȼյյӵơ
ߵϣȺȴ޷ġ
˵ȥ˱һ̣ȫˡ
ӱһỊֺ̇ڷźӵƣֽӵˮУߴߴЦĽǡ
Ȼ߿һˡ
תͷȥ
Сղסִ磬㲻
ˣ䶼ܵǵƤЩҪ⡭
ʲôýأ㣬ѹԼ
û
˵ţͻȻȺһɧңžűײ
ŵλñײ˸ţŵ˱͵Ͱһײһˮ浹ȥ

׿²һסŵһ˻˳ƻסŵһתţȵ䵽˰ϡ
ٴɿʱ׿˿ûˡ
Ŵ˿̵ȴƴǰĹǳ𾪡
ոץϵȣϤ
źȻηĶ׿쿴һҪҿһ
׿ʱһײһʵĻ
˵ͳڶ𣬡û°ɣ
عͷճһĿ
׿û
Ҳȷˡ

 69 

дӵȺг˹үǶ԰һ˻Ⱥӿˣ±߰ɡ
ճͷ½׿커ڻֿһĿɿڴĶš
ˣ߰ɡ
׿ŶĽƿ۾á
ճŵǫһ˾ͽˡ
İүһǰȫͻȥ
˵꣬бȺпһ·˽Զ
ŻԭأǸϵĸоԲǴ
һӿ˳ϺӣҲ鷿ײĳ档
һƺͶ͵ͨˡ
׿࡭
׿졭
ǣվˮߣȻЦɵĿɱ
㣿٣еʣû°ɣšҸոա֪Լ˵ˣ
ɫҰףŵľ˾ӣ㣿ҵ
֪ŸûȥκǰװµģֻһԸѡ
ڣЩеһԸԵôɱ
ǻǻص˶լλȥģȴһӡûˡ
һͷߣˮͣܿü׿վǰһϮ£ִȶЦɵȥȴֻһնѡ
죬ûÿš
žôţҪ˵Լǲļѣÿۣ׿׿ͻغһ𣬾ױݲͬ۽ǵɰ벻ƭˡ
ϲһŮˡ
峿ƿ˷ţһֱſڣҲ֪˶á
ҲˣΪʲô˱÷ˡ
ʼ޻򵥵ĺһࡣ
㣬㳢ɣóģϽķζء
ȴ꣬˲ǣһᱸҪȥ
⣬ȥǸʲô
侲˵ҹһӦȥлһµġ
һôˣʶϻʲô֪¡
ŵЦ£û£ֻǵʱ˺ܶ࣬Щײȥסҡ
Ŷͷ˿Ҹһȥ
áеԴǼΪľܾˣԼȥ
ȻǰЩİһˮôȻǿӲ̬˵
㡭û°ɣ
һʣ˺ֵЦ£·֮ǰ·ʲôûһ
û£ȥȥͻ

׿ڸе⼸չҲ
иоӦʶʲô
գճľͳ˸׿ڻ԰ͤУ۾Զȴ֪Щʲô
ֵ·ҲûʲôӦ
һԺֹôˣ춼겻ġ˵ǲϱŵˣ
ֶһβ裬ΪһС𣿡
ֲô˵ȻڱϾ㿴ѽ˵ˡ
Ҳⵣ̾˿ǻǽȥɣ濪ʼˡ
׿ع££Լϵ·һһᡣ
˵ѾҲûޣֻһţվڷ紵ķܵһҲǺõġ
˵ŻԺĹܼ˽Ϻſ
ţһ֣̻ع
׿ʱѣأˡ
һ˸ڹܼ󣬵˻԰
һ嵭װ磬Ψһͬǣ׿˫۾ûյ顣
ʱһ֪ԼݱԷʶˡ
μ
񡣡
˺޸˵ſ׵ĻŬԴӶԷ̽ࡣ
ȻǸסǸ
Щ뵥˵
׿Ȼĵͷֺ¡
ߺ׿췴һЩܲµҪ˵ʲô
лġ
׿üлʲô
ԹԵЦ£лľ֮
Ŷ˵һѵûʲô
̧ͷ۾˵Ϻ⣬ҡкʱ־ң֮ԶμеչˣŸм
㡭
۾˲ʪ󣬵ǾǿĿţûѾ֪ˣǰ࣬𣿡
Ȼֱӵʣ׿޷粵ǡ
Ȼˡ˸ǱЦ
Ҳǹ㡣
סͷ˵ֻϽһսУ־һ˶ѣûʲôرôΪһɵˣء
赭дģ˵׿첻⺢վִ̫ˡ
׿̾˿֮ŮװԼĴ㣬˭޹أǹ㡣
޹𣿡ҧŴ
ԣ˸ɵĲ㣬
ѪֺοǴ춼ǣʱ̵ţٰչأ
ұϾнڵģչҲӦõģҡҲϣиõֻû뵽ˡ
촽ԣʼգЦֻһ𣿡
š
׿컹Ȱ˵ѾֹסĻ
ԣѾ֪ԼˣǰһЩĻ͵ûɡ
ţҲϣá
ʲôſǻȻЩԼ˸Ц𣿾Լ㸲ĸôЦ𣿻ǾҸͲӵб˵ϲأѾ֪ҵ⣬ֺαװô̹ȻȰ˵ң
ҡ
Ǹʧ̬ˡסۿᣬǵһֱĺ⡭
׿켱Ķ죬㵽ô˵ףҴûоЦҲûоǸ׸ûоǶô飡һֱǸùֻǡ
ˣ𣿡
ϬĿ׿죬һͻ̫ˡ
֪ûݲûʲôϲһ˸ǴԵ֡
죬վϺǰ˲һоͲᷢˡ
ζլΪ˶ҵͷ𣿡
ǡ
ү𣿡
ԣΪҴûǷ
ΪŮ˰ôһϲԼأ
ȷˣ׿öš
վ˴Ǳ
ʵ֪ҲãΡϣʹ˰ɣЩ뻰ŵĳѣˣŲɵˡ
ͨˣ
벻ͨʲôϵأǸ˲Ұ
㣿
Цˡ˲ϻᣬ˵⼸˺ܶ࣬ʱܾⲻģڵһжĴŷôѹˡ
ϲŮʲôֱվǲԼġ
ûб£žȸˡ
ǡպ󡭡
תͣסӣƽ˵պȻҵǶլϺûоܿ͵ĵȻ׿ӲǰЩŮԣҲʲôûз
룬á
ĬĬ˿Цһ󱯰
ҲֻʱܿԼһ˾Ǹмǰ
ȥӰݣ鲻ڡ
Щĵ׵ܣ񱻷ɹһ⣬ֻܱãĻҳ
Ȼǣʡ

 70 

֮׿컹ͷᣬҲ˵ǵģܾ뿪Ķţϵıһ
Ҳû͵ȥ׷լʣճҲ˵ʱḧƽһеġ
׿ҲڸзʡԼǲǰжʱֹḡˣ
һ͹һ£ӽͦµķӦҲҲԽԽأճֻЩҩԣӾǿ׿ôϺȣ۳ʲôҩ̥ٻǻЩӰġ
ɰճۻˣÿڹСӪ͸ر˯ҺϽ۾׿ﲻʱһճ㶼ɼȥ
Ҳ䣬׿û»ȥ԰תתٻܣû˷羰Ҳû˱Ȥ⼸׿ֿʼǰһڹѧõĴı£ÿ尸ǰҪûĺС
ʱһҪ˵ԼСϷǸ֣ʲôʱѧôϸµˣû뵽׿һһģˣؼ뷨ôƵģ˶̲ס̾Ů˰һĸף仯
׿ڰǰŻµͨ޹ˡ
Ŷ룡
Ǵ׿ˤ£ͻظкûü˵л
һҲмµʱˣ׿컹ţ֪ӹô
һѩɫëƤ멣־˽
Ǻհõ𽣣˻
׿첻ĵ٩æӭ˽һ¡
Ϊ˲裬ʹȥ
׿Цûһ壬ڶһСҲ赶Ūȥ
˿ڲůů֣пһôĸ˵Һòϰ߰
𣿡׿첢££޽ǵͷɢĸԵζ
¿аڵʹǰֱˣڰо˲١
⵹ģ׿ҲһЩоʱ䣬ǻճ㶼˵ױˡ
ҲͶСйذɡһЦ칫һһûԸл㣬ллңӡ
Ҳֻ·ѣүѾлˣ󳵵л
ճ㵹ûͬ˵
վߵ尸ǰʲô
һ㣬ֻǼ򵥵ͼѡ
̫ǫˣ޵ָߵ·ĦһûĸýŮӻܾͨ幤ġҪҿ϶С
ˬʹЩҲӰ
ųһЦ⻰Ұ
׿ůůһЦӦȻʳԼõ£Ļ𣿡
΢΢Ƿ̼ҶҺܺá
׿ͷֻǿϧӵ׿ûǰȥһ㡣
εЦ£ϺүҲ֪׿ͰӰ£ͬһŻ׿ָʹģ㲻þñǸϺү׿ڵĴ
ҸǸмռҸԩϴѩǶȥǰһ㡣
޴սִ׿ļ£ģôһġ
һ˵⣬޵¶һ˿ã̾˿Ǹү׻᲻鰸
ôˣ׿쿴Դǵӡ
޷˷۾ǸͫҲ֪ô£ͷľȥȻ˵ҪѯʵϵÿεҲûʲôֵǣܾʱͫڳ
˵ˣҾҪӰ£ɲס
׿ͷǬɣȨıȷʵǵµѡǡ
͵ͣסȻǶκεĲΣ糵ĴڻԽ֪Խá
ǻкүò˶ãһнġ
׿֮Ը˵ҲΪճȥǬԽԽƵӦµĽչճ֮ԲҲӦ²ϣŵİɡ
ţ֮Ϊ׿ҢϴȥԩӦĵӣȴȫճϡ
ôˣһҪ޵ӣ
ͻȻս˵׿͵ػعҲ֪ôˣ֮ȶ
ùЦˡ
Ů˻оô鷳˵ҵʱˣ㱻Ҹ
Ǻǡ׿챻һЦŴСͻúöɡ
ǰü˵ȥʱ֪һụ̀ܽ㿴ֱ̯֣Ӱ͵ˣڲ÷ˡ
׿óȻɵ˵ﻹġ
ǲˣ
˱һᣬƲͷȥôأҼȻԺ׵˴裬ûⱲӻٻȥȻûҵȥڵĴûд֧ԮüΪΣ̧ͷ׿죬һмֵġ
׿۾һȣˣ֪ҵζ
ˡ
ԣԼ֪֪һ磬ѵʲô
ʲô
޳գգۣѵľǣû˵˰ѹ̾˿ؽôѣʱˣأ󣬱˵дˣ㶼¡
ʱҰ
еġҡҡͷ㶼֪㣬˶ľϺүﶼãƫƫ̫࣬塣˵ʲôǴТ֮ˣϲµĺ˵
׿Цȷʵ˵ʲôģ෴һ˴ʮֳƣͬ˵˲ٷ
ûôɻģʱ򡣡
ģ
Ȼ
Ժɳ㡣
֮á
ճصкԾ׿úˡ
һԻ֪ԭˣճ㸧׿ķЦ⡣
ˡ
ʲô
˱ϴµģȴֻڸš
׿ճļͷȻڸдŵȷЩģҴûкڹܺүһӣľúҸֻһź
ʲôź
ڰӰδˣӦøүվһģȴʲôˡ
Ҳá
ճü˱Ȼŵ˴ϡ
ү
ճ䣬ࡣ
׿ٿԴ֪кǾûз
һΪ˸̥İȫ׿Ҳʵںߡ
˿ճ˫ӣѾ뷨
ȥĳҧ죬
ճͳȻ𣬡˵ҿԲˡ


 71 

ڶһ磬׿ۣһųЦЦ
˿Ѿ˵λãүأ
ͽȥˡ
׿ͷõʲô
ǽţ˵Ƕүӱ߾ͻġ
Ŷ׿һ׿ݵϢ̾࣬ҿ
ȻϢȴ׿ԽԽţ׿˵߾ԶԤϵĻأ޺ҷѾˣѾеĵ˼βСײȻĿǰδս𣬵׿ݾóҲֻ¡
ү˵ʲôˣͷʣڶϰ𣿡
׿΢΢㶣вδἰڶ߾ȥϽ׿Ҳֻĵ£ſҲûһںġ
ñ
׿ٵĻһţ͵ȥ
ڵ𣿡
׿촽ûôģ׿ݣһȵĶ綼˵߾ֹۣ̲סˡ
û׿ҢĶʼ˲
Ҳ֪Ǭôˡ
׿ЩһճҲ顣
糯ʱͻȻдϱ۽
ֹϳһһ˭֪Լ̫ıҡ
ʹԼЩ֮٣ĴԭҲһֻ۱һֻ۵ġ
ϵͥˣǡ
³ճ׷ȥˣ౾˵Ŀɶ֤ݣ
ǸΪˣʹǰվճ㣬Ҳûκη֮⣬ȭ񣬡£û֤ݣǱǹݳ͢س
ô˵ȷʵԽܻ¸Ȧ˽õ֤ݣ
Цһû֤Ҫ𣿳ֻһ䣬Ҳ˻ϵ̬ȣ۲ΪҵݲŸôΪ𣿡
˽ԡ
ɫ˱䣬˵ճ飬жţϾǻʼҵˣʶԼʧҴ׼ȥ
ճס㽫ռ֤ݽ
ü֪үҪϡ̫Щ֤ݣҪֻ壿
ճ̹¶һζЦ
ճ㽫꽻ŷⴧ˻תҪ·ȥ
ͻȻڴһҽУճһ٣вá
ٻعȥѾһ鷿ϣҽеǹȥѾߡ
⡭ճüͷ壬ֱҲյĹôͻȻ̡
ճ˼һпܵľǣǰʱ˾ɱġ
Ҿ꽫֤ݽʱ̿;ڷϵţճ뿪󣬱̽֡
֤ݡ̿;֪֪Ĵڣ
ճԼŷ⣬һ¿Կ϶Լҵ
˵ز˾ˡ
ùܼѾȥͨ˹ٸճҲûбҪӣ߳ʱϵı飬Ѿ˪
պͬвδҲûдˣЩġ
һСʱͻȻǰĸˣгֽ¶
ճһӦǻܿ·ͱĸ˶ϵйճֱϿһۣ޴ܣֻӲˡ
ʱ䣬˳齣ճ㷭һ̤㽣𣬷ɲǽ̤˵ϣȻΧҲǵ֮׷תܣճץסյһǯס˵ĺ󾱣һʱˤڵء
˼״ִϣϴţȽţճ㼫ΪȫλСǵжûճ㵹Ϊڡ
ײճ㽥Ȧסλã˸Χסһʱ޷ȫ㱼ֱ䶼˼ճҧ֪Ʋ˺һ򡭡
ճ˼䣬ֱһ£ϣסһԼģһֱֻӽǺ˾𣬷֮ˤϡ
ǽĲԱƣճ첽˽׷ᡣ
ӼҲڣճϰ˼֧Ҫ׷ʱͻȻݼǷ׷׵ء
ճͣסŲȥֻһŮӣżֻڡ
ЩҲȫۡ
˭ճ䡣
Ůںϲ鿴һȷûҴ󣬲߽
˭Ҫȸңǲǽһŷ⣿
ճۣʶꣿ
ŮӲδشֽһֻķڵճľ䣬Դ棬𶯣Ϳ˾綾ֻҪմѪҺͱɣʵŷ⽻ҡ
ճǴЦ⣬ǲûбвǷΪʣɱꣿ
ŮӵС˼ٷϻŷ⽻ҡ
ճ㲻գȻո԰ΧˣϾٴ࣬ûһһﻹЩʤġ
ǲأ
ǾݹҲˣ
˵ţŮķھҪ֣ճͷһ㣬Ƿڱ̽Աߵǽ˲һ϶Ȼ
ճһֱڿнסһȭ
Ůӿʵ񣬲ǵ֮
㾿ʲôˣûйϵ
һ룬ŮĿЩ굱Ȼɱģ
ΪʲôҪŷ⣿
ǡЦһѵЩ潫𣿡
ճһζŮǽԼһˡ
·ƣЦ㻹Ǹ֮ˣ
¶ɣԭһֱأȻеһҵĽžͿճܸй˳͵͵ȥ鿴ͷ걻һ
һ϶ȻǸӸгû彣ԺѲ˸ϵһֱ籦ŵŷ⾹Ȼˡ
׷˹ֱճ㱻һȺ׷ɱŴæĳ֡
ҪõǸŷ⡣
ճ飬̹ˣŮﲻɣѵ
ճûиܵ˼͵ؿǽ£˿ڴ㲢֪˭
˭Ůӷʵ
ͻȻڴһдһȺ˳˽
ǺŮߣ̱дΧס
һճˣвѣү
ճȻҡҡͷû£˴ȥһ
ǣ
ǺŮӼ˶ڣҲδֻүλү
Ŀ¶׹⣬ȻǺ£
Ů͵ۣҽ룡
ü㻹еʶ
ճӵϳϵļ˿ѾѪһ
ʲôЩȡ
ճָָǼĺˣЩΧ׷ҵˣҡУЩ˵ز塣
ǣһЩǸ⣬ٿǺŮӵ񶼻˼֣Ҳ
롣
Ůһճ㣬֪

 72 

ŮӸŻص˳Ӫҽճϵ˿ڡ
ȻֻƤˣ˺ܶѪпĴĿģʮ𣬡ˣӦү粽ģү𷣣
ճ˿ڵϵĸˣҧɾҽ˿Ϸ˼룬ͷȴһ۶û˵
ô㣿ճȥͷϵĺǻЦ
йڣͨ죬үãԹԣ
áճһ䣬üǸ׿֪һⲻ˵ģһ¡
еǾظȥͨһҪӪйҹ
ж˶٣̧ͷԵɣ¸ô˵
ǶĿˣԲ֪ˣְء²ﲢ
Ȼճ̨أ㸩ȥס
УճӻóǸŷ⡣
Ǽŷ֤һܻ¸˵ûȷʵɾ
Ҫƾ㶫Ͱѱ̫۰⵹Ȼ껹̫ˡ
һ룬ճһЩȻյ֤ݲвۣԼôἱڽأ
ѵ˵ɱ˲۵ˣ˵Щ֤ճûзֵصأ
ǸŮӣֺʲôأ
ֻȥˡ
ճӣϵ˿ڷ˿ӰжѺǺŮӵĵطĿɫ˽ȥ
ߣ¾ôԴ˵ģ
Ůһϣɫơ
ճŵôΪˣ
æȭ²ң
ճͷȥתŮЦ£ͣǵ˹¡üŹ汾Ҳ͵İɣ
µûŮɴµĴǹ£ʱߣճҲһסֻﻹŷеݣԱ˳ˮۣˡ
Ȼү֪ҵ˼ҾͲϻˣŷݣ֪
ճ㲻£Ȼеŷϣ֪ԣ߱Ϊʲôᶢ֮꣬ʲôϵԼ㾿˭
Ů£ͷá
ʵûκιϵҲûжꡣ
һɺϡ
죬ڳкȻмֵ˸ﶼŵһͲʲôƲ磬ҾͶ˼ǿҪʱѲǱͻȻˣȻ˳͵ʱѲУξ˵ЩʲôУξ˽һ·ͻ˸С
ʮֺ棬ȥ̽̽ȻͿ꽫һΪŷŽ˷УŷŽ鷿İҲΪʲôᷢŷⲻԭǷϷţȴտҲ
˺ͽС׷ɱˣͬһ𣿡
ŮҡҡͷӦòǡ
ŶǾˣ겻һ˾ôôҪ
֪ںʲôŮЦ£Ҳ𰸾ŷүҿ𣿡
־Ҫȥãճһưס㻹û߱˭
Ů۽΢ϵ˼֣ŷ⣬ò
ʱһ˴ƿ˷ţɢִżֺ𣬡ҿλѴ֮ͽ˰˸ɱ֣
ǫˣ˽˲ϺŮӵ۾һ
޹
˭ճЩȣתĿޣ
ȷ棬ֲճ㾹û
ǫ߽´һ°ޣȥˣþá
޵ɫȴƽĺܣò۾ʦ
ճ˴ָ˼ԭǳܿ
֣޵˶ȥˣүͽҰްɡ
ճͷû뵽ôãȻķʽ
ô޹Ժͱ˵ʵ𣿡
ü˵ʲôʵ
㵱ΪʲôҪӶլϢߣΪλ֣
޲Ծ߬ȭͷողѾ˵𣿡
ճЦ£㲻Ϊ㻰еɣ
һ޹֮ˣôڴһע⵽ô˸ֻǳں棬˽ԱţҲ̫ǣǿˡ
̾˿ðɣȻүô֪⻰ҪӼǰ˵ˡ
ǰ̲ɰ׸еĹܼʤᵽ˰ӰʤҪڣһ·Ȼ׷Ҳںӧֻ˹ȥ׿һ˾֮ȴɱ˳ȥլϮˣӦþǰ׵¡
Ϊ˲ǣҾ뿪˶լ׿˵ӰºҪҾԵҲ㻹һ顣뿪լһֱŰףҪԸ꣬Ĵ֪ˡ
ǰ׵ˣд̱һˣ
޵ͷӦˣΪ׵ҶǲЩçѣҪ˵үºѣˣȴְҵɱ֣ѵسֺݾҪڰðԵĻҲһԵֵҾˡ˭ȴûͷֻܵүԼȥˡ
ճͷֵˣȷһɱ֣Ҳᱻ˳
ǫ鲻ѣӷôģǰû˵ΪʲôҪɱꣿ
ҡҡͷҲ֪Ӧúŷейء
ճ˼ĽŷĶչֻһЩһܻ¸沢ûκָ׻ԼҵĶһӡ¶ûУǺαôһȵ֤ݣ
ǫӹп˿ͣǷܻ¸ϣǲϵˣʲôأ
ճҲǷȻĺܶڳ٣Լұ̫ı˵һڷʲô
Ҳ⣬Ϊôᱻأ
ͻȻͬͻȻͶˣе⼸ֽǾȻһ֪
ճҧҧȻ֪Ǿȥ飬ǫ¾ͽ㡣
ǡ
Լҵ飬һۼֻҪĹ켣һ֪ŷⱳܡ
޵ͷȻүѾ˴㣬ôҾͲˡ
˵Ҫߣճֹס
һ¡
ʲô𣿡
Сճͷ£޹ﻹ汾ȥһˡ
üͷһ壬Щ֮⣬ʲôˣ
˹صЦЦˡ

 73 

ʱͣǬſڡ
ݳСڽǰĴ˿ȷû˲ӡ
ճͰȺ˳Ȼ߽Ǭ
﾿Ҫ˭
һ·϶׷ʣճ㲢ûиشЩõĸо
ճᳵ·Ĵȥ˺ԺͫѾ˰졣
ˣ̲ͫסŰ޿ճ㣬
ճͷǡ
Ǿͽȥɡͫ˰ҵţҪٲ˴ҵҲˣ
ճЦ£˽ȥ
˼Ҳη壬мֺ棬νˣ˭
ź󣬰˽һ䣬ʵиϢһ
Ȼ˵ܾЩϤĸо
Ҳλˡ
ܿ²ͱ֤ʵˣͫ˽ȥһ糣㿴˭ˣ
糡
İ޶ʱͣס˽Ųһľô
˼ٵĴӴ˹
ǵĿһ㣬б˴𰸡
Ȼɴȴһ۾϶ܿ˽ʮˡ
ȻҲսɣ꣬Ҳһ˲ʹ˫˹ȥ
ܿ˫ۺᣬûû
޶ԭأ𾪴ϲã˽ԼУ촽Ϻϣʲôû˵
糽§ڻ˿ûиоֻԹԵ˵
һΪºˡû뵽㾹Ȼţ̫ˡ̫ˡ
罭ˮ̲סΪʲô系⡭
ܿͻָԼǣϵˣ磬û뵽ټ㡣
糱ԸĿע⵽ǰŮӣѾǶʮǰǾģˡ
˿̵źɳ۽ƣҲ˼˿׷ʱվûĹκˡ
㡭ΪҪɴ
˱ȥЩӱܣճƴϺ糣ġ
ԶԶԣͫҲǻʮ겻һ˵˵
޿ˣֻ֮תһߵϣѣǸΡ
糣վӲ
ճ㿴֮仹Щңȿڣط갴˵ǲӦڴ˵ģλ϶Щ¹ܣҲòһʡһʮ꣬ʲô
¹ЩȵĿ˿ޣȻճүǲʲô᣿ֻܿһʦôأǲҪΪʲô
ǡճЦһʹʮȷ̫飬ߵλҲֻֻһλʦˡ
үʲô˼
ճ㿴ͫôûиһ޵Ĺ𣿡
ͫգգۣҽûͲ֪ˡ
¶ɫǬµȷˣ޺ܿʲôϵ
ͫȻһճ˵޵ʱûô࣬ٻԭһţԭ޾ܿܿǰޣҸ£Ȼ˼
ճεҡҡͷû뵽˾Ȼڲžζ
˵ܿǰޣЩţڼصĿ˭ܸһ񶨵񣬵ܿϧܿԼҲĬˡ
̱ȥǵǹеİ޾ʲô
ЩбġʹĵȻܿϣ
ôܣ
ġ
ҡͷͼҳе
ܿ˵ĲĶԲԣµʱǶʮǰܵԻǲףôᡭ
û˵ȥѾڵѪ
ôְˣô޸ˡ
硣޵ΪӣԼϵɴһޱȣ˺۵¶˳
ʹ׼ڿһɲǣЩ

̾˿µЩҲסˡ
磬Բ𡭡
ܿ㡭ûжԲңңң
ҡҡͷЩƭ㡣
˵ʲôɵ
޵ͷȥЩįûЩҲһӶ˵û뵽Ȼɣ£վҪԳ
ܿ˵ʲôأ
硣ʵûе¡
˵ʲôôܣۿȥģ
ţȥûеµף±ץסһã͵˰ʯ̨ϡ
Ȼ糸̾һֲȻûΪʲôң
ûȥԹԵ˵Ҳȥ㣬ʵν£һֲ߻ģֻȥǱ׷ȥĶѡ
ʲô
£Ϊ뿪㣬Ȼ³ˣôȥ㣿
ԭأû㡭˵ʲôΪʲôҪ뿪ңǲѾ׼𣿡
ʧأЩ
ȴûбӰ죬ɱ鵭Ȼճ㻹Щˡ
Ϊһжƭģ
ννģνĸ飬Ǽٵġ
޵Ļһ˺糵ϡ
ʲôмٵġ˫۷죬ü˵
޺Ȼú˳ΪԼ̹Ȼԣ浽һ̣׻ǻˡ
лڣ
磬ҡ޵סҶԲ㣡
ճĿϬޣڿԸǣʮǰʲô𣿡
̾˿ͷȥҲûκˡ
ʮǰڼָʶһˣͶϣ󣬲Ȣҡ˵ֻҪҰһ£Ϳ˵ˣҽšǼ¾ȥҵʱӰʹȡΡ
һδƽһ𣬡ӽңΪӰ
ԣǸ˺԰ӰܲϣܰռһЩڲ鱨ʶ֮еĺ˳ûлңҲûңܶʱҶڰˡ
޾͵֪˰ӰóϢҪ£֪Ӱ˶ᱻ
һ̣ˡ
Ȼûа糣Щദ϶ˣһˡ
Ƿ̫࣬뾡취Ҫס˵
û׿ϽҲô룬԰޽ƾͼƣѺ糴ӷص˳
ߣԽԶԽá
ԼȴܸߣĲϡ
ԵһµϷ֮󣬰޻صǸߡ
ֻǽ֡
Գϵİ̺ۣžǱӦɡ
棬ǰһУ̶̵ʱĴϲ󱯡
ΪܿûǴ֮£ȴû뵽ҵı󣬲ŵѪȵࡣ

 74 

ʱֻʣǿŵĳ
ʮǰ춼һΪٲܼܿӵ磬һɫʣȻ廹ţԼѾųܿһˡ
ֱ˵һλռѵĲŮ
ʹûκ֤֤ǳܿԸðص裬Ѱ
ֻ
ܿȷţȻòӰеӡ
ţʮ귢ʲô⣬ֻϣ
ڳܿ˵ֶǼѡ
糲֪ԭһζ˻ܡ
ͷӱϣ
ûǰȥοҲ޴Ӱο
Բ𡭡ܿ仰Ҳ˵ġ
һʼǴģΪߣ㵽Ϊֹˣȴû룬ʮֻضıӦһҲϷŹ

ãճ㻹ǲòǶ˿ڣޣɻʲôҪǵ𣿡
Ѿƽ飬ں糵ıȻҪ侲Щ
ûʲôܸǵˡ
˭糺Ȼ̧ͷӽҵǸ˭
ƲȥҲ˵
Ϊʲô˫ͨ죬һץס޵֣ǯסŪӣ㾹ȻҪ
ûУҲЩûлҺ޲ɱ
˵˭
ԥˣҡ˵
ճ˼Ϊʲô˵ѵʲôǱȸҪ𣿡
޵㣬ǲֻҪ鰵ӰѾ˵ˣǰģĹܼҴһȺð䰵ӰҪԴݺ׿ҢֻҪףҵЩˣܻ׿Ңף
ճ㵹ôãײԵ޹ʵݺ׿Ңһй¡
ǡЦһʲô֪
ʲô˼
޿ճ㣬ٳ֮ж˵ĺڰүѵ𣿡
ԡͫԵ׵ıѾˣ׿ǰӰûʲôϵ
Ǭ¡Ȼ˵žЩˡֱԣķҪ鵽Щʵںѡ
ɵͫۿҪճȴס̶԰޵ô˵֪׺׿ǰӰĹϵ
̧üɨһۣ׳ݣʮǰ𾪳Ұѩ¥ɱ˰Ļָʹ࣬ס
ࣿͫüܰ׵ĸղ˾ʹôݵ೶Ϲϵ
ѩ¥һ鵽ʱѾ©˷ʱ򻹲£ʹˣм˻⣿
ʱһֱϸŵĺ糺ȻվİӵȷǰӰһְģڳʱһճõĺӵġ
мΣɴ಻̧ͷ˭֤ǸģʵӤ׶أ
˵˰
ͷǸ޹ĺӣǴģ氲һء
ͫ°˼ǰ׶԰Ӱкޣ׿ʲôϵأ׿ûнֹӰ
үʱӦûСɣǵҲüĿǸڳϲˣ׿Ң
ʲôͫԾѣ׿
޵ͷȥ顣һǾ׿ҢϰӰס
¶ɫɵ෸ȷʵˡ׿ͰӰ˴£Ҳ෸ȣôŻأ
ҡҡͷδؼáӰͲΪΪ࣬ǳȨ
ճ㴹ô˵ǾȨƷ
û̾˿ҪΪ׿ҢϴԩֻҪףܻ¶ŵġ
ͫ˿ճ㣬һԣͷͼ֣ס
ͫһߣֻʣˣޱҲЩסˡ
˵Ĳ˵ģ˵ˡ
ں糣ľǽǹǺޣԼҵġ
ҿ𣿡Ȼڡ
תͷȥҪȥģ
˵һԼҪ硭㡭ҶԲס㣬ҪҪ޻ҪɱҶԣȥһЩ飬һл
˵Ҫߣ系׷Ǳճס
סġ
糽ǣ֫ж͸¶Ųᣬ̾һ
֪ΣƭԼΣġ
ԳһЦĵ
ôҪ
ʮһĻǸҹҸһ̣֪û
һпصĻ䣬ͳͳŮйء
ȻûѪܵҸ˿ƺҲû
ţԸһ磬㹻ˡ
ү֪ܿҪʲô𣿡
ճҡҡͷ֪
һԡ
࡭
ճ߽˶䣬οѾ˶ʮꡣ
ллתճ㣬лүټ
ճв̣ûг֮ĳԣҲֻΪԼĿĶѡ
ء
糴ͷճ˳ŵҲӦԼĳŵˡ
֪ү֪ڰӰ飬֮ϸ룬갵Ӱڱó֮ǰһֵ顣
ճһʲô£
˼ڲóگ·ǰ
ʱݷһȽϴ̰۰Ϊ永Ա漰бȽĴ󳼣ȻʱɰӰȥܵ顣
Ϊʹǰȥռ֤ݣһ·϶˳ռ֤ݵĹҲûܵʲô谭ֻһӡΪ̵¡
һԶ壬ӱɽסʮ˼Ҷѡ
·˵ʱȥЩˮȡ
ϴĵصһ˵һ䣬úȤ
ʲô˵
系ţ˵ɽһƽʱûкУҲ겻ȼ𣬵ܲʱĴӵĿԵ˶˵һ
ճüк֣ĸطЩȴ˵
ԭҲġЦ£ҵʱͶ˼䡣
Ǹ˵ʮǰݣǽޭݣﱾɽƸӣԺ˵ɽȥֱĳһˣȻɽ϶˸ǽӲӵģˣ˵ǸҲ˵ǵסĵط
Ծ½һȥϿǸɽƷǳӣмһ͹ȣûܹȥҵҲɢˣɺ˵˵˵һûкУҲ𣬷סһ
֮Ĵ˵͸Ϊˣ˵ǳСӵĿҲ˵סŮһÿĹ˵סĸˣ֣רץСġ
֮ȥɽ̽صԽԽ٣ڴģֻиεĴ˵ˡ
أճЩͷ
ȴһ㶼Ǿ֣ȥ˺ܾöûҵӸ˵ĵطҲΪͷ̫ãľڵסˣԾʹˡôţ
ǸɽϣڶһΪĵ̫ӣԴߴǽɽһʵֻһӵıԵ
ҲʲôֻһסլķѾˡ
ճǿԵʲô֣
ү𼱣֪Ǹլʲô𣿡
ճҡҡͷǰЩ˵ʮǰլӣûأô֪
糺СΪʺլӡ
ճü
糵ͷûڵ̫

 75 

׿ϣֱ۳°Щ˯
ֿȥǰС˽ЩϢɡ
׿˯ŴѾȫʲôʱˣ
ѵʱˡ
Ŷ׿ַԼ̾˿ʱͨ˵ճ½ҹǻزˣ׿ǷŲ£Դ֮ճûҹ޹
һյƣˣүѲ
׿ͷүҪȵҩûдţ
ˣİɡ
׿ֵͷǴճ㷢֮Űʱҩ飬Ȼܾȴ޷Ѫơ
ŵ׿ҵ鴦֮󣬱Ҫȥҽ˵ҩģһԡ
Ѿ̺ˣַϢɡ
Ц£ðɡ
ڴϵ׿죬ԼսĶӣľ˵ģЩǡ
һʱȷƽˣƽǱصľˮ޾Ԩ
۾ĬĬһò֧ľҲϣںԶԶԺ󣬶졢˿̻ڡ
Ѱظĸҵճ㣬ӵһӡ
һ룬ٳһɡ
ڽʱճҲǬ˳
Ķ߻ź糵Ļ
ǸլԺѾЩưܣϾǻʺסĵطŻͬһЩɣǵռ갸ӵ֤ݣص춼Ǻ󣬽һӦ֤ȳڵǰֵ鷢ˡ
ʲôֵ£
ڿ֤ݺ󣬶լӵֻδᣬһΪ֤̫࣬Ͽ©ˣԻرһ౨ǻϲûдһ٣˵Ҳרڲ鰸ϣܶЩëƤС¸ʲô
Ŷ
ʱҲֻΪ̰۰ϵ̬˷顣
ճǬԺУӶ˼糸ոյĻ
˵ģôȷʵЩ֡
ÿϱҪɵĻʼұԺȻкܶ඼ֻǼ򵥵ţΪάϣ϶ᲦɣȻޭɽ߻ʵԶϾǻʺΪĵطôβأ
ѵլУʲôϲԸ
ճҡҡͷڼʮǰ飬ȷ֪֮٣Ҹѯһźá
ҡճﲻظޭݡޭݡޭݣܾһ
߳ǬţѾſڣͳİޣҲվһԵš
ճЩȣȻûܡ
ү˵Ҷ˵ˣԷ𣿡˫ֱǰƳۿ˿С
ǡճЦ£ԭǱסˡ
ҲãɻЩ
ɫ簢޹ﻹȻشӪɣЩ飬ȷһ¡
ЩͷҲ֪򵥣Ҫһһ²Ķ֣ЭȻһ
ðɣ֪үʲôѾʲô֪ˡ
ճüһЦǿδأڱϵĹ£ƺֻҿһѡ
޺ȻЩ䱸ЦЦү̧̫ˣֻǸٵġ
ճȴǫһҲţ
һûܣ۾֪
޵˫۾ûܿ͸ء
һ˿صӪæҩźճ¡
һԿţ΢΢üսŷɥıҲġ
ҩһס̧ۿʲô˼
±ӣʡ¹䡢ʯ١룬ЩõļΪҩģү޶Ӱɡ
ճ΢΢һ٣ͷҩ꣬˲ǣһ˿û뵽ֻƾһĨζķֱҩҪļζҩģС㡣
ʶԼ˵̫ˣɫһҲνˣճ㱾Ͳ׷Źһ³
ү˵ʶһҲ⸱ҩˣԶζϤ
Ŷճü֪޹ʶˣʲô֢
ѪơһЦ
ճȴסˣͬһԵҲΪ𾪡
Ѫƣ˵Ǹ˵ѪƣЩ
޵ͷǣѪ˼Ϊ֢֮λ˾֢
ճ촽˶ʵκûУôˣ
ҡҡͷѾܶûмˡ
֪ѪֲѸΰɡ
иձȼ˲ȴΪճоء
ճ߿ʼ֪һճΪ޷ԼڵѪ֢֮Ķ
ȻҩܹæƣҲܱ֤һͻʧȥҩЧ
޲˵Щ׹үҲ
ճ̧ͷһۣû̫ʧ䣬Ͼ֢Ѿʮ꣬ԼҲ뿪ˣοѾĵڶ
Ѿûôˡ
ǰޣˡ
һʦĹ
˺õ֣˶ļʶ㾿ʲôˣ
޼۵Ĳɣƿۡ
˭үûκͻҲǵĿģ˭Ҫпܣһսϵˡ
ճ㲻š
޷һȫ֪ˡ
ʹ㲻˵һ챾Ҳ
үֺα˷ʱһɵأ
ڱ㲢ǲɵˣ෴̫ˣǶʮǰİӰڵ̲ɰףйϵ
ĬĬ̾ϢΪûѡ񡭡
ѡһоͲᷢˡ
ճüͷָһ𣬡ȻѡֻҪ˵ܶͻòһ磬߱Ǹָʹӽ糣ֽٳӵˣ˭
˲Ĭ˵֣ǾԲ˵ġ
ճȻЦ£Ȼ㲻˵ǲµõ
תͷȥһ˿Ⱥͷߺޡ
Ѳ°ɡм̽˶ʮǰڳоһλҺͰӰڶ棬ǸƷζͲˣӦҲ춼кӰˡ
޵ɫЩס
ճüˣ춼ﲻ֮˹˼ɣԸ˵֣²Ƕδˣвɣǡ
ʲô޽䱸
ûмǴ˵Լº֮󣬲űɽϻݣϳȥġôô˼ɣ޷Ϊ˱ĺӰɡ
޵촽ţճȻĵͷµûôӦþǡ
ҪһźסճĻʧţҪ˵֣Ҫ
ճգգۣ졣
޶ͷԵüΪ֣үԶ𣿡
㲻ǣ
ҵЦ£ôأ˵˵ľǣԸ˵Ըϡ
ճЩɣϾǵĸףδز֪ࡣ
࡭ͷһЦûʲôࡣ
ǲԶڻġ
ٵĻܱѪܵʵá
ճεҡҡͷֻĳȻҿʱѾϰ߻Եˣֻʣ·һ
ͻȻ洫һͨһͨű˽
ʲô£ʡ
ү̽޺ҷѾԼ³
ʲôճվ鱨ɿ𣿡
үԼ鱨ɿ
ճüͷһ壬²
У
үҪȥģ


 76 

ҹԺȻ
ճУվڶ۶˸
ȻЦȴ˵һžͲǸƲ硣
ճƲȥӵ֪޺ҷҪ迪սϢ֮󣬾ͣĽ˹ֻû뵽Ѿһ
۲δ⣬ճһ̾͵үҲ֪޺ҷҪˡ
ճЩȣû뵽۵ϢȻĻ졣
鷿̫ڴţٻ˽ȥϸոմڻλϣɫЩá
ҹʲô𣿡
˹ճϣ޺ҷѾԼ³跢
ʲô˲վתȦϢ׼ȷ𣿡
Ҳ˿ڣϣҲյܱ뺮˵һ£ӦģӦ֮ߣ
ϽͷöôȻǳأأ
۵ϣڶǲ˽⣬ҷĿһһССĵϣǼȻ֣Ҳǳ£֮ЩɸĽǰȥ֧Ԯźá
϶סŲЩɣ˵ҲеϾ׿СӶ̫ᣬǡ
׿Ңϻɾ
ϡճȻ룬Ըǰȥ֧Ԯ
㣿ϾȵĿ
ճȷǸѡʵսḻֵΣȴԥˣճΨһָˣҪڶʲô飬ָôأ
ϣǳȥɣ
۹һ䳣ڱսսպգϾ붫ԶйϵΪӣ볯ʱж̣Щ鲻ôοںУүǴʱսȥ񲻽
ճ⵹ԽģΪĽȻְʱǰȥΪһ˽ľڲˣǱʲô湶
үˣûүľģֻⶫ߾ȷӣȻҲ׿ǰȫȻ֪ϽϾͬԭ涼Ҫ˽Щܴǰȥټ׿λСİһܻסҴɽܵпַ
ճɫţ֪ԼѵѡҪԼǰȥԼƴ
ܿگ֤³ǰﶫ߾
ҲگǰȥһУ
ˣϺһ鷿˲䰲
вϵľţ׸˭ǰȥ֧Ԯ
ճȻΣһôԶ춼ʲô·ô죿
ۡ̾˿ɵԼҵ
ʱ򣬺Ȼ⴫һ̫̫ͨݵ
еϺճ׷һôˣ
ճתͷ۽ǵЦ׹۽Ѿ̫ͬˡ
̫ڹŮĲ߽鷿
ӭǰȥ̫ôôˣ
ȻѾʮɲһɫƽУ
Ҫǲô£ǲǻң
Ц⣬̫˵ﻰֻǲĸΪЩ鵣ˡ
ߣ£ģ˼ҶҪ򵽼ſˣģ
û̫˵ôء
̾˿۹ڵϵˣͣճϣϰҲˣ
ճ񣬡̫ʥҲǵ֪ϢͬӦ֮ߵġ
ӣΪôģ˵Դ֮һֱ࣬տ㰡ȷʵ˲١
Щ̫ģû¡
ͷȥۣǸո˵ʲôأԶڳ
۸һݣ̫ո뺮ּǰȥ߾֧Ԯ
ŶµĿϣ֪˭ȥ
촽δϡ
ȻĵͷȻ̾һս³Խǿǣϰ˴Сڱ󣬾̫ɱ¾ںò׻ص춼ǣȴһȥˣ㻹壬Ըͦĺܸж
̫ΪǶΣ̫ͻ׼ǰȥ֧Ԯ
ճһͷڵϣȻڿ̫һ̣Ѿ֪˽ҪԣҲ漣ġ
̬͸ˡ
ϰˣľ͹ˣУ춼ǰɣ̵£ȥأ
⡭Ϻ
üϳٳٲóȥԭѵΪĲ𣿡
Ŷȵʲô
̫ܸ泼ܻ¸Ȧ˽ãѾ֤겢ûκ֤ݣѵǻԳɣԲŲԸɳ֧Ԯ𣿡
һ޾ûлԽ㲻ҪĲԡ
ճƤϴ˿̵ӣﻹһ
Ц£ˣԼҵģôỳأ˵ĶԲԣϣ
ϲɫĵͷǰԼ̫ıңô᲻ޣأ˸ѿЦѾˣ̫˼ǵȫϰ˵ȷˣ֧ԮԽȥɡ
üһϲߵͷּ
ճҧضһ
ϿĲǰַ˳£̫Ļú춼Ϣһ󣬶¾ͽԽɡ
һݣϷģһṼ̫µΡ
䣬̫뿪Ҳȥ
ճڻָЩɫʣ䣬ֿ֪ȥʲôĺ
жϵαװ᲻֪
ȻˣΪʲôҪͬ⣿
һոյҲˣ۰̫ΪҪȥ
ճ㴹ȥЩʧʧĲϴͷβû
ϣ۴ʤ̣ǴӴ˺׿ҾҪˡ
ⲽ֪ô죿ֱӺ̫˺¶ҪˣҰ˳ӵӣΪľܹ躹ޣгһӵпԼҿأ㣬Ҿֻһ׿Ҿܹȡƫƫ׿Ңǣ˰ӰսƵҲ֪Ҹô죡
ճıѿܻм۵жκβ֮׼͵ɱ
üЩģаգ
ûСճʵʵ˵Ψһİ취
´ͷáȻҪȷˣ
ճ͸źǳܾȸˡ
һ¡̾˿ǰ̧ճֱۣ֪㵱춼ǣҲ֪رֻһ׵ܵܣֻ㡣ŵ⣬һΣͿˣΣ׿Ҿ
ճĿԣδϸĿϣͬĸͬ硣
ǣ񣬡
תһ̣ճЩƵĸоͲ֪ʲôǹ飬ȴһ
ֵ𣿻Ǿɡ

 77 

ʲôʱܻ
վںԶ鷿д˲ģЩʼڼڣԶÿæڱҲü棬ԴСһѹϡ
֮ɥʱһԶͷû̧ͽȥ
жһŮҲʲô
ίĲУͲˣֻǺԶдţҲѯʣڴСͺһ𳤴˵Ҳ̫ˡ
Զһˣ˵飬Ϊκ˶ı䣬۰Ů
˳鷿ȻԶ߲ͨѰ취
̧ͷ۽ջ㲻ѾжûгȥˣǣҲ֪ʱΣ
š׿ࡢޡǫ
֮ʱǫģֻǵʱԺ˲Ժˡ
һ뵽ˣ챾͵ͳ飬ʱɥˡ
Ҳ֪ζԼǫĹϵСʱΪܻȢģֻҪųһжһн
Ѿ˿Լ˵ͣǫȴԽĶ
쿪ʼɣЩõԸжңɼĳжԹԵƭأ
ҲͲ˽ǫ
ڶθǰͣ£ܼӭ˽ȥ
ټţ࣬һʡ
п˵ԼҪһЩģ۴Ϊ˴棬ŶҪЩԼǱ˿Ǹ軵Ĵ˼ҵС㡣
ţڸʲôأ
˦еԺ˴һ
ȥЩϲ̷еӣ㣡ˣ
СܹϿɼĿġ
ǰˣʲôأ
ǴЦ⣬ϾҪѩˣЩûаܵĻժҲǺõġ
㰡ɣԺĸȢ㣬Ǹ
һЩʧ⣬˵Цˣ޲޵£ƽƽһѾˣôأ
ֵ̧ıӣ˵ʲôɵ޲޵£ʧʧˣ
û˼ЩŵҪͣĿϵϵһ׳𺫼ҷɵɫĵпɻ𣿡
ҲЦ⣬ͷû£ȥˡ
⼸¶ں˵˱ʹȻгɳûи¶һ棬иů
ԼȻΪĵʵѾԸ˵ľԷĸͬܣǳɡ
Žã˲裬㣬ɣԼɹġ
һڣȻڲͬ㻹ôܸɣ⼸ڼݵĲˡ
ϲһЩߣÿˣΪҲãֻǿ½Ѿ統ʱˡ
˴걭ǣȻǣʱŹ˼¶ѣȴиı仯һεľڱ˴֮䣬ƴ޷ľ롣
̾˿Ȳ˵ˣ˰أСүأôǣ
ŴһͱٽȥˣһžˣҲ֪ȥˡ
ˣ
ŵͷϸ˵֮顣
ֱԺүҲҹ޻ǲ򵥡
֪Ӱ𣿡Ȼһ䡣
ҡҡͷӰʲô
ųüһ壬Ҳ̫֪׿ΪӰԲűڼҵģȥ˵ʱֵܼ̾ӣΪҲ˲˼ҰޣӦþΪ˰Ӱɡ
ʲôӰӰġҲ̫ˣ԰޵˵Ǻ׿һأҲ֪ʲôء
˵ľǣ밢֮ԲǶӦþΪ˲鷳ɡ
˫°ͣô룬ǸˣȻ˱ңȴԸΪ롣
˵һ֮ǰģʱ͵ܵܶˣҺͰްǷġ
Ŷ쾪ȵ
ŵͷĳɾƽһ˿˿˸УҲָоǺ뿪ĸоǰ޾Ҫ뿪ĸо
ʱ޻ΪһСӣƺϲء
𣬰޿ǸΪӵ֪Ĺ¡
߶ţһϲʲôɣԶø츳Сʱʦ٣һѧͻᣬ޾ɡ
û뵽ھȻҲϲҵǺˣ綼˵õӣʲôģ
Цһ£ҪŵǿΪ㵯һСΡ
ģ̫ˣ
ΪûԭҲֻڰ޴ʱĬĬһСΣڴȻȲðʦǵòãĪЦ
ߵһСȡһҹ٣ָظϡ
˵ٻǶĪѰΪģѡϵÿһ趼ɵġ
ټҲǶĪѰ̵ģ˶֪ϺǸţ˭֪ʵҲкأ
ұ죬ҵͳת·ǶĪѰԽʱĳӣָ
ٵˣһ˲ӯ
ѾûĪѰˣɵһ̣ڼб飬ȫܲ˵˳
ָ΢΢ñݵΪ
ֻһСΣĸѾֹסк
Ȼֹһ̣ŲŻԭõӣ鲻Խ޷԰Ρ
ٿ죬Ҳ촽΢΢ţЩ
㣿
ת۾Щ𾪣ţӣСʱÿҲ˯ҵǡ
Ҳ⾪ȣ˵ӣȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷӦûСҼºûС
ŶҲȽϹɣôԽ˹߳Ҳ֣Ų˰޴֮󣬾ͼǵһЩ𣿡
εĵط
Сѧ٣Ϻ츳ݹʦ˺ܶϧף׸״Сߺ߳ӣȴûڱ
ΪֻǸģÿ׷ʸףᱻܹȥ
ģûôˣҲˡ
û뵽ڶլȴȻˡ
ȻֻһСΣȷ׺߳ľӡ
ޡѵʶ
͵ıһ𣬺ʲôܼƿһ

 78 

ճѾûлعˡ
׿尸ǰĲɵ룬Ҳ֪ճ㾿ʲô£⼸ֻл򵥼ҪæͰܹȥˣٶʲôоһ̵ˡ
尸ϵĽѾֻʣƬˣĺҲԽԽʱʱڸһţҲ׿ӸܵΪһĸ׵ĸܡ
ŲֶһС˽
ЪЪɣǳĸ㡣
ǰɡ׿ûʲô飬еһָͱһ¡
Ѫð˳׿콫ָȴЩ
ֽŵôˣ졭Ͽһ¡
ˡ׿ҡҡͷûʲô󰭡
尸ǰվߵ⣬̧ͷһɵģȥҪѩˡ
ʱ侹֮졣
ҲҴ˽׿񣬡пˡ
˭
Ϻ򸮵Ķſͺĺˡ
Ŷ׿쾪ȣ
ȵǶžȻԸԴӺҰɥ֮ûٳֹˣôȻһˣ
׿ã뺫ѾںȲȴˣ׷
μ
μ
׿쳶˸Ц񣬿ɡ
ͶǴӶθֱӹģǺͶ˵ײдŵ飬ɶѾ֪׿ݣű
֮ǰиᵽ׿ҵλٽŻô׿һа취úϵϺҡﻹǵ׿ġ
еĲɢʼöЩھΣûпƺԼ֪׿ѾУôǰ㼤أ
棬˵ΣֻԼСܣ˵ˡ
ŵźͺ
ʲô£˵޷
첻˼Ц£ʵеⲻȥʵǵĸ磬СǴûзֿȻȥ߾ôԶÿ϶جΣֲҴŸ磬ֻұİ취ģֻ֪Ǳ߹ĺòãԲӰ
׿쿴Ŭ֤Ц£õĸ黹ãȻԣⲻʲô¡׿һᶨȥ߾ͼţʱ˳ľͺá
ģ쾪ϲѣлл
ЦļΪģЩӶƶڴ˿ɢһ
Ǹĺӣ׿š
ãҳ̡ϵر˵Цġ
һգۣͷѾ˰ɽۿžҪȥ
ɪ̹ǣ׿챾ǳԸŵǶҲ˵Լûؼȥˣ׿ֻա
ſڣ׿ëƤ멣Ż
䣬ȥɡ
֮ǰһֱ˵ҲΣֻʣˣ϶˼˿Σ۾¿ţӱű˴˿ܻύĿ⡣
׿һҲպȻЩԾӣãҲϿɣͦġ
áŲĹЦţˣ
˵꣬ת뿪
׿ĿԶ΢΢̾һ
ɻϲ𣿡
Ȼϲ׿Ŀ飬ֻϲеʱҲ˺һ˵
ʲô˼ֲ
׿Ц£Ǻ¡
˵žҪȥֺȻһǺǲүˣ
ģ׿æȥֻ·ľͷȻһźж
ֱȵ߽һӵˣһ׿վſڣ˵ü
ճ첽߽һѽ˻
ôôվţȥ
׿۾һᣬеίүڿϻˣõġ
Ǹ⼸̫࣬鲻㵣ˡճЩǸ⡣
׿ԼԺߣÿҲֻ˵үҪæֲ˵ʲô飬ôܽ˲ġ
Ǳ˼̫٣ˣڻУвɶ
׿һүﵹȫҸеĺˡ
ճüëһ첻ķ˾ѧˡ
ںͺ𣿡
׿̲һЦ˵ʲôء
ճҲЦ˴УֽĴ£Ѿָ߬С
׿Цδ۵ףͿճϰźı
⣡ˣ
ճ㰲οû£һС˶ѡ
׿첻ţˣôСأ
ۿҪ޳ճ㸧ͷûˣҲ𿪸㿴
𡭡ǲ𿪺˿ڸȾô죿
ճЦЦ ǺôģԲŲһ㿴
׿ôͻȻˣ
ճ˲Ϊˡ
׿첻üʲôˣ
ѾöϽȥ
ʲôʱ򣿡
졣
죿ôô֮ǰ˵Ҫȵ֮𣿡
ճͷһˡ
߾ս֮ϽͱüΪҪΪϺСүҪ
ǡʮ塭
ϽСү
׿һѵػһΣҲı䲻κ𣿡
ճ֪ĵģΨһ޷ο
ػһԶΪɿأһƫԤĹ֮һҲų˱仯ǽҲҪģܱԭĽӿ¡
һǫͶһϽȥ
ǫ׿ü
ճͷȻϽ˺ܶߣкܶ޷ʱǫȥܱ֤һڣϽ̫飬ֻҪսһǾиྫϽˣõѡ񡣡
ꡭ׿߶ţ꣬Ҳ㹻ɳˡ
ûճ̾˿ǵǣ֮⣬һҪ¡
׿񣬡ʲô£
㻹ǲǵ˵갵Ӱóԭ򣬺п֪ʲôйڻҵܡ
׿ͷǵãѵү֪Ǹˣ
ճҡҡͷĻǡȷʵЩ
ʲô
ճ˵걻ɱҽһŷ£ȴԼܵɱ£һ޺ͺ糼ظһ顣
׿۾Ծû뵽̶̵죬Ȼô顣
үǾúޭݣ֪ʲôвҵ𣿡
ûܾޭǳϤ
׿ͷճ㽻ŷ֤ݡ
Ȼ֣
ôˣճһ
׿쳶һŵүŵϵլӣޭݰ

 79 

һ鷿УǰһСһر֮İ㶣̾˿ò˼
ϣǶСүϽӡ
˻عȥ𣿡
ȥˡӦţСүڻϲ׼ſ뿪£΢ʡ
޷ϻ˸ƣ˵̫һ˻ȥѾʵףǶžί춼Űɡ
ͷϵĿģŵǳͻ׵ġ
һ뵽˾ЩͷʹˣǱûʲôϢ
˿ܣȷ˺С˵ˣԽһ·࣬Ӧÿ³֮ǰĿǰûʲô쳣֮
̫ѨãһҪǣκ鶼Ҫʱ
ǣūżˡ밫ӣĿ䵽鰸ϵСϣϻǷŲ𣿡
΢΢üȻЦһ
˵Ҳ֣ԴλѾû˶Ů鳤ΧĸΪ飿
湴ѡ
ǸԳƽСĹȴһĪڹг֣ͻȻʧһһ
Զǵóʱֵĸоǰͼһ
ôƲ㱻һţԨҲ᲻һеȥ
ϴûеĸо
ǰЦҵһԼ֮ʱݺ͵λȴôԵľ
ǰС̵һ׿ּΪ
룬ǸҲ׿Ҳһ׿
ʹǷҪ춼ѰˣϾǻϣֻҪңҲ
ȴԥˣΪԼǸǵĹȥ鷳
ǻʵۣһܱסԼĻʵۡ
ͺܺá
Ϊһһ㣬޸ĻţҲΪڼᶨҪҪסµľġ
ҲѾˡ
ţϾڽϿһյӵƵģֻԵĹŻĶ
ԡСŽһľС
õĽˡ
ջ˼»кܶҪҪȥһӣ汨걻ɱĵ顣
ǡЦһд浱ʵۣʲô֪
һ辴ϣϣ̫컹ʹ걻ɱһĴ
ϲɵһݣžһӱ˰ϣӦñ޻֪ждˣ̫ҲΪؽӦȵ飬춼Ļ̡̻ʲô
СС⹬ж̫ࡣ
һŭȥ˸һ˵Ͱɡ
ǡ
ҪճϻΪΪµ˺У겻ұɱҲΪճ˴£ϲ֪̲鰸ˣôʵ۵ġ
ճ˵ɱˣһѲϵ
ȻҲôΪǰһȻԼҵ鷿֮Уϵ˭ΣƫƫЩ鰸ĹְԱܱǧٸ޹ص
ɱǣΪһʵۣΪһûʵȨĻʵۣҲֻˡ
վ鷿ⲽǰһеҪһͻƿڡ
ʶԴȥλǳ¡
ʲô뽫Լ
ͻȻ뵽һܡ
ЩȲҪճ˵ǽ
Ҫȥģ

ճձ׿˸ϣȻճԼֻǲСĻһ׿֪ܿǺƭģĸϡ첲ϣˡ
׿쿴һ۱֪ǵˣճһʲô˶ˡ
˵
׿֪ճ֪ԺΪģҲɴ಻׷ˡ
ֻվҩҩҪΪճ㿴̣˸ɴһ
Ҫҩʱһ߿Ż𣬵ҲĬһȤ
ճȥ˶׿찭ӺڵҲóֻ֣ճȥһЩ·õõĶ
ճʱͬ˵˵еĳ棬ſ޵ĺףϾҪ˶ףһʣ᲻ףյ·
ǫһǰճ㽻飬ǫҲЩᣬϾһٵһ꣬ĸճߺ󣬻û뿪ôù
үҲౣء˵š
ճ£ȥɡ
׿ֻţѾʪۿ̾Ĺټʱֲ֪ĳˡ
±ûвɢϯľֻϧǰѡ
ţճĻ
˭л۾ľ
үԺǲҪٷֿˣòã
ճһ㶣׿ٻ˵ĻԴ̻¶֮֮ĬѾʤǧ
˿ϵ˵ţճ뱻һֻ߬һЩԺ
ãԶٷֿ
øճСĺ˵
׿첻Цû뵽ɱϵĳҽҲ˽С΢һ档
ȤճεЦһ£Ϊǰ׿û̫Լɣͻ֣ᷢʱճС
СĲغԼ˼СתԼСĿԼı顣
СĽսĸ飬˿ɼĽ䡣
ճĸ׿쳤ͷϣЦ⣬Ͽɲ˵ĵȺӳܿСӡ
ٿϺΣĴؿһ¡
˵ʲô
ճ̲סЦʲôû˵
ţܼҵү˵ϳˣӼݡ
ʲôڵ˾һճüôͻȻ
׿˲ĻϺȻֻܣһǷ˺ܴ飬Ȳճȥǡйء
ĸɣ˵Ǻ¡
ճ㿴ĵæοţû£ڷϢسȥݣҾ˵岻ʣԭҲ岻Ϊѣýȥ밲ڼ˵Ҳɡ
ǡԼСġ׿֪Լβ󣬳ǰģǵһǳģҪô죿
ԹԵճ㽫ڴϣ˿ߵʵҪңүҲ̫ʱһ˵ܼݣҲǿ
İɡճͷȻҲϺȻΪ£Ǻ
ճüһ𣬡ܼң֪ͨˣʥݡ
ǡ

 80 

ϵʥںǰͣסճŸ˹һӭ
ϴӽϵı鲢ɡ
ʥ
ܲμ֡
ճϽãѾ߳ϲ
϶룬һڣ͸һ˿𣬵Ҳûжôر
˿վźūǣ޽վ˾Ͷ°ɡ
ǡ
ճȻĶԹֲܼһ䣬ûдκ˲á
ǡ
˵ȫȥճɫһ䣬СֺȻǲǳʲô£
̾һ۶д£ԼĶͷ߳Ż
Ѿܹˡ
˵ʲôճЩȡ
Ȼճ㲢ǴС߳ģǰʱ䣬ҲǱȽ˽ġӡеʼǼΪ̵ˣڼλİʼջ̫Ӱ£Ҳûܻճ㲻ɻ󣬾Ƿʲô飬Ϸôı仯
˵Ѿܹˡϵ͸ֻƣȻǸ߸ϵǣ¶޴Լ
֡ʲô£
ϵȻ˵ΪһصŮˣӶȨ˸Ŀʵȷˡ
İӣ̲Ѿ˽˵Ǳڳҵķ˵ɱģԡ
ǡճЦһˡ
ûû˻Ϊ𣡶ôЦΪһ֮Ȼһҳ޷壡̲ǰҪȥһ̫˿ϰʵ۷ҾǸܣ
֣ճһ˿̣ҧŭˣϱ̣Ҳֻ̡
ƾʲôϵѪ˿ҲǻʵۣȻΪ̫󣬵ʲôʸԳָֻ֮ţҾǲ̫ˡ
ճüǻִô죿
Ͼڵ仰ֻҪճϰûʤ㡣
ˣ̫ҲΪԼҵԲ˲ϷֻҪԵģڹлʲôͣ
ԼңճüëһЩ⣬Լҵ鲼⣬ǣһȫô𣿡
˼β֪ԼһӲͷֺαȥ˶֧Ԯ˭֪Щʲôһ˵һһĨӵƣ׿Ҿԣʵ۾ҲûпԷĻˡ
ԣִԼҾ
ûһ͵۾Ȼðһ˿ݾۻ·ϣǻлᡣ
ܲס
С˵֧Ԯ֮ǰȥ֪ͨ׿ңлֲ
ճ͵ҡͷԲУ
Ϊʲô
ճЩģûȥս֪սж飬ڶ߾ս˽ţϲŹʿסģȻҪս𣿡
ֺγ֪Ǹ²ߣΨһĻˡ
ճȥǺ⣬Ȳ˵ĴܲӮֻҪĵоضһٹǵķߣԼҾҲ˶߾ǻҪ𣿡
ϵĲϷ죬óҲ֪ף˵ô죿ʲôֻҪӮˣ̫͸нڣԼҵõҫһʲô
ճ侲ǲûĻᡣ
˵ʲô
ճ֤ܵ𣿡
㲻˵֤ݸ԰⵹𣿡
ǣ˵ҷ֤ܡ
ۣʲô˼
ճԭ³ڻܸ߻ϡ
ʲô
Ͼ̫࣬ǲ֪ĺá
ü˵ͷȷߵˣ֮⣬ûκ˿ȫΡ
ϻЩɻ󣬡˵ܣĿ԰⵹Լ𣿡
ճЦ£֪Ҳû׼ֱӰ⵹̫󣬡
͵һʶճ񲢲ڿЦ
ã㡣
л֡ճ´Լ㣬ܻʻһЩ¡
ʲô£
̫¡
ճ㲻ǻʹﳤģǣ̫ҲΪ˽⡣
ʲô
ճ˵֪֪̫ȥޭ޵£
ޭݡ
ݡ
ݣϵ۾һ£Сʱȷʵĸ˵ôһ¡
ĸ󡭡ÿᵽǵĸճĶ˲ȻδԼĸף˿Ӱĸ顣
ʱҲСһЩԣ׷ĸʡ
ԣʲôԣ
ϻţ˵̫ձΪʺ꣬꾰ãദ󺵣Ϊ˰飬ʺΪȥĺݣһȥꡣ
Ǵǣ
Ϊ¡ع֮󣬼޶˶˵ˣĺΣԱ˴˵ʺڹ꣬ѾɾˡϴȥӦöЩ޶ҥˣȻݲɳӵˣд£ôڡ
ճȴ룬ûв͸ǽҥԶǿѨ硣
ο¡ǱԼȨɽˣȻ㡵ȷݲɳӣһɳɽݲҲݣ
Ϻ˵̫ģ
˵ˣЩٻ֪Ȼ˴˵һǲ֪βʹ˺úõһأģǶ˵ѩ̿ǲģҲʧκζ
˵Ҳûϳ촽
ָˣҲֻճһˡ
ϣ־͵ʲô֪ǧҪڹ£СĴݾߡ
ճϵͷģ˵ǰǿǴδ̸
á
һ£Ц˵Ҳÿźãǳɻ֮滹ûϱء
ճ͵һ٣ûϻ׿뷨ֻð֮ǰõ˵ܡ
˲Цѽ㣬һ˵ң˵̫ˣ
ܲңֻ˽ȷʵ
˰ˣ޼޾Ͳˣ治üʹȴ٣Ϊһã͡
ǳܾʹлˡ
ˣһ˻ʲô⺢ĳʱ͡
ȻЦ˵ģȴ¶һ˿ױ˲įԼĺӡ
ЩУÿһ⣬Ȼ㲻ͨҲǿϲġ
ЩѪҺΪ޹ĺӣ͸Ϊϲˡ
ֻǣû׵ɡ
ĺӶزˡ
Ҫ˵еΣҲǲֻ֪ǲȥϸϸ飬鵽ǽҲܳܵסġ
ЦһĬĬЩȥ޹Ǹ⣬ڵңҲõֻڡ
ϱ۾ΣҪΪȨ

 81 

תһΣꡣ
׿ĶѾн´Ѿĸܵĸ󣬿ϲڵ·ӦѾʧˣҲƽ˲١
Լǰʱײճ˲ٿͷʱʱĸ˻𣬺ճ㶼İοҲƽȵĶȹǶʱ䡣
ճ˲٣״ڣߣȥСסһʱ䡣
׿ȻǼΪĵġ
ͫĸ̫ڵס׿ǰСȥҪ̫Ŀʱ׿Ѿˡ
Ĵмֻǰȴûлȥһ˼ң㲻ź
ճ̫ҲǸ⾴صģһΪճĸǰΪҪãΪ̫ճæ
˵ǰ֮У˭֪ճ׿ĸ飬ֻ̫˰ɡ
ճ׿С̫֮İ˲δʱӦˡ̫֮׿չ˿ν΢ճҲһʱ̽
Ȼ׿첻֪ճĴڣ̫ȴǿġ
ҲԶֻǴЦţδһ䡣
׿ػʹ죬ճµһ̫ҵе鲦졣
˵үȥһ𣿡
˵ˡ
̫˵ͷ˳ȥ
׿Ҳһ֪µһһ˫۾ĬĬעá
ճҲҪҪǰȥ˵һ仰뻹ˣ˵ôվˡ
ʱգһжͬˣճϣﱧЩ˯ˣҪȥٿһǰҹĵط˼
׿ڻУһ˿ֹţʲôζ
ճĶ˵µķ㡣
׿࣬һǰһĻζţųζ뵽ǰĻ
Ǹʢģ׿ոʧȥԼĺӣ̫ҽ֪Ҳһкˡ
Ǹһݵ׿죬جĻˣԷвԲȣֻǿޣͣؿޡ
ķ
ʱһ˵µ̫ȥСס
׿쵱ʱûģֻǾǸѵİ취Ӧˡ
²Ǻóеĵط̫޵ĵطֻ̫չ˵һЩѾߡӡ
׿ϲζһ˰ζ
ҪģԼİ
ʼ̫ÿճիҲһȤ
ֻϧǺ쳾ˣƽȴԶ
ʲôʱתأ
Ǹ˳ֵʱ
׿Сסĵڰ죬ͻȻ¼һİˡ
Ǹ˲µˡ
֮Ըô϶ΪУһɫŮˣǸǸˡ
ʹδҲҿ϶ӦǸ֮ˡ
׿ڼʱ̲סȥ̫Ǹ˭
̫ŵۣͣƽĿ׿죬һԵˡ
Եˣ׿첻⣬һԵϣʲô˼
̫µĻӦţԵˣȻ⡣
׿챻˺ģ˵Եѵ𣿡
̫ҡҡͷ֪
ҿǶڰҲˣԵ֣üԵ𣿡
Ե֣벻ѡ񡣡
׿ͷ˵ҲֻǣΪˣԵ֮˾ʹ˴ˣǻź𣿡
̫Ц£к棬Եһ
׿쾾Լ֣ãһЦˣ˵Ե֣һɵˣʲôʸأ
̫Ц£תͷȥ±ۣдʣԵԵ֣Ե޷֡
֮׿ҲʱǸ˵ӰʱһĨȻȥ½ǣʱһصµĳʱһģĲʱһԽԶȥĽŲ
׿룬һˣסһˣ
أ׿ͿʼͨˣУΨѵá
еΪһθ飬鲻ΪȫеԸ޻ĵȴҲԸĵȥ
µԵˣ׿첻֪װľĸСѾߣΪǸСѾ߸еңһĬĬػ
׿Լأֺγ˵ģ
϶ٰϧʹڵңҲί
Ȼʧȥһӣһİˣ߲
׿ţڹһĨЦ⣬̧ͷϵ̫һθܵ¶ȡ
лԵˣˣϧ塣
лᣬϣٴʱҲҪ¸ץסһԵ֡
ֻǿϧ֮û
һµʱת˲ţеſʱ׿һλûмǸӰѾᶨࡣ
̫ſڣĿ뿪
Զǵ̫˵һ仰Ȼѡ񣬾ͺúϧ
׿Ӧţ񲢲Ǻ̫˼ȥ·ϣϸ˼һ̫˵ѡӦþָǸʧԼ𣬶õӭӽɡ
Цŵͷȴⲻ֪µĳУһ˵ѡĬĬ뿪ˡ
ǵˡ
ͻȻһ׿Ժξ˴룬ѹգգЩ۾
ճ㽫ǰһеģ
ﻹӡ
һ˺治ѣʱô˵ӣ
׿۾㲻֪ʱ򡣡
ū澴СĻҲ֪ʱ򡭡
ճס׿˴ͬǰʢģںҪС׿
Ȼ׿Լûǣ˼ǰůĿܣһһľһһͼеһģһ
ճ㲻ĵİëƤ멣
׿ϲѾȫӳϣճ㰲˲٣֮ǰģ׿ǰĻ䣬ֵǶġ
үҺܿġ
ճ֣У㿪ľͺá
ģΪټ̫ģǼڷһС
ʱԺŴ򿪣ֵߣ׷
μμ̫ѾõȺʱˣūߡ
׿æͷӦţ·ճ֣˴ǰԺ߹ȡ
׿쿴ǰԼĵطĸп
ǸİԵ˵ıӰҲ֪һļ
̣µĲӱ˼
ճǰһľ룬׿첻̧ͷȥ
ֻıӰ
ٿأ͵һһϤĸо˳
ճعͷЦʣôˣ
׿ֻǳճյȦһ죬۽Ƕʱ

 82 

ĵһѩѩڱƮţ·ɡ
µԺһһҹ֦֮ɱ㱻ѩѹԶһΪ滨֦һ
żеƤСѾߣ·ʱ˯ŵѩѩ滨׷ء
Ժб㴫ЦⳡѩѴصĺۼȫڸǣֻһƬâ
ǿŽ»Զɽһʱֲʵɾ
ˮӣһͰбˮ߽˳ʳ嵭׿ȴʣЦŴѩ׵磬ﰲֻѪ
ճѾڴ߿
ЦҲǡ
յʱɫѾˣּ̫׿Ļһʱû˵
ھŰѩأſɡ
ʲôճû壬˼£ߡ
ǰǸˣүɡ
ճ΢΢㶣һʱûŪ׿컰˼
Щɻ׿쵭ЦţĻү֪֪ǰһˡȻҴûмȴӡ̡
㡭ճ㻺𾪲ѣ׿˵ǸѵԼ
ͷ΢΢һЦɣǸСڰҳˣɡ
ճĶ˲ˣô֪ң
׿üһЦ֪ģֻգʵʱкȻǸӰүһģһ
ճ´ſڵԭǰͱ㿴ˡ
ԭȵ֮ٸ׿˵ģû뵽ԼδڣѾʶС
׿Ǽһᣬȥס֣ǰҲ֪ĵطүΪ˶£
һ뵽˾;κźճĬĬΪô࣬ȴ֪һݸĻᶼûУǰκλӦκθлκϵ
һεĻᣬʵڲ룬Լһ顣
ճȴź෴ֻҡ
ʼΪΪһ㹻ֿĸ飬һֲźĻᡣ
ǰ֣ҹλصǻңĹ¼ţС
ճ§סļ򣬸ο˼µΪһУֵõġ
۾ʪΪЦֵãûһүҪԶ˼жȹһ
ֺηճ㵭Ȼĵעܺһһһ
׿ͫ΢΢𾪣ֵү𣿡
ȻֵãҡԽ˽㣬Խֵá
ƽ϶ĵһô׿ļϣһЦĵûãûд˴ˡ
ѩͣˣſڵѾߴ緹˸¹㵽իš
յ緹Ƽ򵥣ȴΪ¡
СɫѩŴ⣬رΪ׿첹Ӷ˼
׿һڣ壬м뾮ˮ
Եù𣿡̫Цʡ
Եùߡ׿ˬһл̫չˣͻȻѾǴˣ̫ϸĵңʵڹⲻȥ
ްϰѵңҸ˻أһ˵
׿̫ǼΪеģҲұֵĹ׽̫ôžͺãСڼеƤˣʲôĲõĵط̫
⺢ӣ˵Щ⻰Һϰ˵ĸǰΪҪãȻϰ˲ڹг󣬵ǵĸʱ򣬿ǰһ࣬ϰ⺢ӰҲֻԼĺһԴȻ޸ϰˣҲǰҵĺӡ
׿һůչ¶Ц⣬л̫
ˣٳЩŮʱɲƽʱٳһû£⺢ӿɲɣⲻҪڶأ
ճһŲЦ̫ͫʱҲûٱС߰ɣ
̫Ц˵أͫڰҶʱƤĺܣʱҾ룬⺢Ժ϶ͣ£㿴ڳ֮󣬹ȻǸӡ
׿˲ǣҲûʲôãҿǬ£Ҫˡ
⵹ǡ̫̾һ˵ڵңҲǸˡ
ճ㵭ӦţҲĸ
̫ЦҡҡͷԼ컯ⳤеСӣĸǴСȨңͫоյߵ죬Լѡ񣬸Լ˸
׿ͷǬµӣ֮УסԼıģʵס
̫תͷճ㣬ҵͫǸƢ԰İ½УҲƲʲôϰ㡭аⲻЩǡ
׿ЩȣүΪҪǣ
ճЩرܣԸἰ顣
̫̾һ֪룬֮Ĳޡ
׿Խף˭
̧̫ۿճ㣬Ŀʱ˵Ȼ׸磬һ֮
סճ㲻ɫĻӦ̫赣ġ
׾ͺá
ϣ׿ճ˷䣬Ÿոģɵ˵ǣк治ѣ̫Ƿʲô˼
ճ㱻׷ţ޿ӣֻԡ
סļ磬˶ţ̫˼ǡϾǾбȻĵܵܣҲҪעִ硣
׿Ȼܾ̫Ե޹˵үô᲻أ̫ѣزֹ˰ɡ
ճεĿһۣЦ£ôô죿Ϊһܶᱻء
׿켷üë㻹Ͻ
áճͶƵЦЦ˷¡
̫˼ǣͫԶΪȨвߣԲصճ㲻ͬ
ճرڱǺ绽ĳҽڳ֮УԽԽϿĲܡ
ۣڹٳ֮У˸Ҳӡ
ϻŻҵѪ
׿ҡҡͷҲףѵ̫ǵһϻ˵үı𣿡
ճͷ˼
ôܣ׿ˣڻΨһĿɽүôỳأ
ճЦ£Ӧòỳɣ˵ǲһɰɡ
үʲô˼
ڸѣûͷ۵ԼңĿϣһԼҵˣһҲҡճü룬ңһƺˡ
ʲô
ûá
աһң˲ˡ
׿ŵү˵Ϊûãϣϰѻλ㣿
ճ̧ۣϣʵǰѾˡ
ʲô
ҲԱķΪɣ뿪춼ǣֻû뵽һߣ˷ǡϽ±䣬׿Ҳ
ں޵һ£Ҳ뿪ͻת
ٻ룬еĺܶѡˣԶ޷֪ǲǸõǸ
еİûѡ׷ȥͬ׿˵һţӵһ𣬻ع˹أ

 83 

ʱ֣д˵¡
Щӣճȥ鵱ޭݵ飬ֱȵڸűл
˶ϵѩݡ
ֶһȲճӺ˳
μү
ϵܵճóһ·ġ
ãˡճ
΢΢ţͷүҲáΪү£ࡣ
ôüĿ𣿡
зеĲ豭ү·ֱȥ̫޵ıԺŷָլӣլԺѾķˣҲΪأûзʲôмֵޭʱ䣬ҲһЩˣ˲ٵ顣
Ŷ˵
ǡ
ޭݵլԺνһǲԺӣû˾סҲû˴ĲݴѾķ϶ˡ
ɵǣŷеǴլԺĸвٷӣбһһǰȥѯʣû뵽ҵһλˣ֪Щ¡
˵ʮǰˣլסһݵĴ˼ңʺġ
оȣ˵ڵ̫
Ѿûݣ˵Щ壬ͷԣ
죬ȻڽȻڲס߹ʣ˶һվͲһģ˭˶֪ⲻͨˡ
죬ǰϣٱΧ˸ˮйͨ˲ע⡣
˾ͶԼҵԺ⿴Ϳ΢΢ζĽߣţֱӱ̧լԺȥ
ʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷͷҾͲ֪ˣʺѲЩϰ֪ģǴεڽ϶һѾͷҵĸˣԲŻô꣬
еͷȻͷĻ˵լһеϵլӾϵģ̫Ҳûʲô֮
ϿɻǵãլˣʲôʱߵģΪʲôߵģ
ͷЩ룬̫ˣլӿ˺öˣҼ޶ûʱլ˾ˡ
޶꼸ꣿ
޶޶Ҽ޶ͷԽ˵ԽɴҼ޶ˡ޶ˡ
ͻҲһʱ޴룬ʱ򣬴æܽһĸһһߺ
զֿɶ
˰Ϻ۾תУɶӵҵϺͿϣɶ
һǸ⣬λ㣬汧Ǹүү¡
˳ţ޶Ӵ޶˰
ϺͷҲզˡǴǸ˼ҵ޶Ӵ
Ųüλ㣬˵үүʲôǴˣ
ҵʹеͿඣö¶ǻ˼ҸǴԺ޶ˣǴ
˵ĸڴԺӣѾûסլԺ
ɲһ˺üʮඣҳûඡ
۾һλ㣬
ҽʮ޶ôඡ
ǲǵãүүûи˵⻧˼ҵ£
˵ǼûסĻլŶƵĿһۣЩ䱸˭ɶŶ
гϿҵЦ£ͳ˻еƣ㣬Ƿǰģϣ֪ܰĶҡ
䲻ϵö֣Ҿ쵱ţ֪ģһۣɴ۾ǳҾŶ˲õѽɶ²Ҫѽ
ûûУаοֻǵһصķ⣬̵ġ
ŶƲ۾Ƿ˽䱸ץղɻĹе̾ͺѽɱѽǵӲŹĺһŶһֲ֪Ҫඡ
ӣζӳ£Ц£˭Ըأ
˼˵ţҿҲģҲм˵ŵİɣϡһҲùѽ
Ǹ¶˿ȴһ˿ůȥ̶ֱһ˵ζʲôЩζʲôȻһͱ
㣬һ룬үүǰûи˵լ£˵լиˣʲô
̾˿լЩ֡
ô֣
Ҳҵ˵˵լŶиСӣŶ͡
˵ϸһ𣿡
ͻȻֹͣүү˿ڣլ޶Ǹ˽ӣǱɱգ
ʲôһ𾪡
ѽɲҺ˵ģ²ּǴѽ
ǴģͷȻһǸɱɱ˵ʱҿˣһӵ˰ˢˢˢ£ɱˣǸСŶۿʬ屻˷
ֻСʬ屻ˣ
Եġ
нͷûмǴ
ͷᶨҡҡͷûмǴǸǵÿء
вüȥʱûпκ˵ʬ尡
㻹ɶӴ˵
һǵáͷ΢΢ţլﻹиҴˡ
һϲ֪֪ģ
֪֪լ˱ɱĵڶҹǹ͵͵ܳˣҿҲҸ˵ģ˭֪ǹŶڻŵĻôҲʮ˰ɡ
еͷϢ̫мֵˣ˼䣬ͷ벻κˡ
лǣֽһլӣһĸΪϸ
ϾѾʮ꣬ʲôۼҲˡ
ڳ걻ɱ֮˵İ׹
ڶգдһ˽լӣʼڸѰңôĵĶΨһҲ͹˲ôˡ
ճƽţڵ𣿡
еͷڵˡ
ԺӵĺԺһڿݾǿݾһڳʮ߾߰׹ʬʮߣŮʬߡǵʱ죬ʮ꣬СҲʮ߰꣬ÿʬ­Ǻƫ¶һ˺ۣӦþˡ
­Ǻ󣿡ճ㲻ɵüһ˺׼ˣҲܿ˭𣿡
´Щ˿ڵΧżΪĳ״ĺۼֱֻһ˵ҲǺϡ
˶Կһۣͬʱףġ
Ҫ֪ҰǲǲģֻԱһˡ
еͷףʮǰˣΨһͽܡףЪҲˡԡֻڡ
֧֧ģճ㿴һۣ˼
ףЪֻпһǾ䲢ư˫ܵǫ
ճͷɸ봫ɡ
ǡ

 84 

ǫ»˳ڴǰμϴصϺϽмߵġ
Ҳһҹ֮ɳһ¸ΪȣҲԸȡ˵һڸϽϺ뷨ϾǴСϽģڵصķ鶼Ϊ˽⣬֮ľߺѡǫĿ࿴ˡ
Ц˵û뵽СүڴƷĹϵϣôֶΡ
ҲЦЦĸװɡ
ĪѰ׿ҢһֱԽеԭ죬Ȼ֮Ĺϵ˵һ̵ҲûϾҲһһӹϵˡ
ڻϽ֮ǰճ׿춼ǫԸһЩ飬ر˵ҪעϽľ·ǫͶפϽıѾ㹻ͻĶˣ֮أѲɻ񱱾Щԭƽԭ֮أ͵ս
Ȼǲġ
ճȴŴᵽһҪǫҲֻϽʵ̫ѵһˣϽİȻ˶ңǼ˶ΪֻҪ̣ͨסҪϽİͻȥ
ǫפӪ̱ţΪͷۡ
һ

ʦүļӼš
ù
ǫӹżֻж̶֣ŵȴһԭأþδ
ףЪ
Ѿܾûˡ
ǵԼǸھƹʶġ
ǫǸڵˣȻǳе£ֻľƹҹϹˣȴֻ
һӣһѽһ֧ͣȴװ޾Ĺ¼һӾǫע⡣
𣬽춼ôһû֪Ҳ֪Ҫʲôֻ֪书ȻһĪģ
ǫȥ鷳
žƺǰȥʣλҪҪһһ
ӹȻŵľƱһģ
žǫ粽ĳϣôѺȱƣ·һߡ
˭ѣҲʶ㡣
ǫƤһЦⱭƲʶˣеľƱǰһͣײ˵ıϣһĴײ£ǫԼıоơ
Ҳҹ¹̫ҲıᣬҲǰ˲УһˣȻҲᱭ˾ơ
ҽǫǸûʲôõأ
ҽףЪǸ͡
Ŷǫ˼ĴĽ˲ţǡҲһЩǴһɣ
˵ţһժӱ󱳵Ľ˳
һο
㻹ңףЪ
ǫ׷ŹôõĻᣬܳƹݣӰûһ
ףЪҲ׷˳ָǫٲңݹҲˡ
ǫһЦѽԼϣҴһҾͻ㡣
˵ţǫһͳ壬˦һݼ£ͱȵףЪ޿ɶ㡣
ȻԼͱˡ
˲䣬һһִȣ˴һ飬ҹܰƹݵĵ£ȴƽ
Ǵãѷʤ
ףЪԽԽѾܾûĶˣǫǿģ˼ֱУ޵һƳ
ڶ˴ѽѷʱԶ
ǫֵãҹѲ
ҹѲ춼ϵѲǱڴϴ򶷣ⲻҪ鷳
ǫüߣǻط
˵꣬Ϸһˡ
ףЪҧֻøȥѽң
һֱ׷ǽ֣ǫͣҵһϵطڿһض̳ӾƳ
ףЪ٣ǫһ̳Ӷ
˲ˣôõɫȾƶ˷ѡ
ףЪĴ˿ĽҰģȾƣ˵ľж󰡣
Ȱѽң
ҺˣҾͻ㣡
ǫƵգգۣԼȴ֦辺ܸߣߵĺ
ףЪ˿еľֿ̳˿ϵˣ̾һҲ
˻ͦ˼ġ
˼⻹ʮһ˵ףЪȤ
Ȥܲסҵ룬ԼֱŤš
ףЪĶ΢죬֪ⲻǾƵãûС
ǫЦ㿴Ť˼
ףЪ㲻˵ˣһ˿ϣһһڵžƣǫһֹš
ףЪûйĸоһİ˺Ⱦ쿴
оҲͦõġ
ʵ˵ˣһͣһ̿͡
ʦĵһ̿ף죬ⱳϵĲ
ףЪǲýģõˣҲɱˡ
ǫҲ˵ƵĻֻӣˣȷ硣
ι㿴ɫôãһô
ʹģףЪûоܾ￴һԹ
ǫ۾һƬһõȥַҪǧٱӦǾ䣬ֻӦУ˼ѵüš
ɾôɣˣһֵûҹ
һˣǫĺƽȣżףЪԾĹһĨЦ⣬ûгǫ˯ûԼĽǿǱǫѹڱĽĬĬضʦ˵ͽ콻˴һѡ
֮ףЪǫ˫һӰ롣
춼Ǳ˫ܡĳƺš
һǲž˫һ£һȣһСơ
һվ˫һϮ£һѽeһ֧
ֵǵʱǼΪݵģǫӻгһЦ⾹ȻѾǰǰˡ
ʶףЪĵڶͷǫִһ
ɱһŮˡ
һǫʱϲϲŮˡ
֮ףЪʧһ꣬ٳǫǰʱǵģ
һϮ£һѽeһ֧ȴûЦ
˵Ѿ飬ڸðҵˡɱҲɱҡ
ǫ˫ͨ죬ΪʲôҪɱ
ףЪȴտڲˡ
ǫʹ۾һᣬæȥ
ڴʱһѺѪҺ罦
ٻͷʱףЪѾѪС
žણһеֽϣǫû뵽ۿףЪȥʱδһᣬȥȴڻʱᡣ
ʵδֹġ
׿¥ʫ⣬³˷ƣñů˼롣
Ҳ֪˵ģ⡣
ȷʵǫףЪ
ȥÿһ춼ĴСƹݡ
ףЪǻȵһСºǫȵҶ࣬ǻڴڵλãǫ
ףЪո뿪Ǽ£ǫʱȵ
ֵĽ£Ъ㵽ȥˣҲˣ
Ҳˡ
ǫΪãֱһһеı
˵ԸԸΪҾЧ
Ҿһǫð
ž˫ľƹڲõˡ

 85 

³죬ѩ׷ɡ
춼ڵĽֵϿһˣ·ߵĵ̶׷׹ţֻʣһƮİ̺;С̻š
һҲ۵СƹΧһȾƳ⣬Цϡ
ȺеСһʱʱĵϿš
һ꼶ԳЩĴ˵ʲôأò׳һˣȾƺȾƣ
ǵССžƱֶڷ磬˵ǲᱻץסɡҪǻǸϽȥɡ
ͷһãҲ·ϣĻ˰Щٵ㻹֪һů͵طȥˣģ˭ץǣһ򲽽ǱץôϿɶɾء
СһҲǣһ֤ݵĶûУйٱǣҲʲʲôġ
ǣűоƻһ˿ů⣬Уʱһɻȵĸоڸ
Ѿþûȹˡ
ȻǻûʶԼѾ˶ˡ
С̵ĶԽӵİͨ˵Ż
Ѿ֪ͨ𣿡
֪ͨˣһ߲ܽ񣡡

׿Ѿס˿ʮ죬ͫڴ춼ǳ̫ˡ
һžͱ̫߶ţôһ
ͫʱ߿࣬С춼ǳҪ߶ʵ̫࣬ԶճôճһֱԸҲܵǰȥҲڣҹϣ˵˾亮ûгϯҲûȥǷŵͫϣⲻҪù߶һͨ
ǲǳӲˣͲЩ˼ˣ
ò׵˳ˣͫȥ̽Ķߵˣ̱˳ϡ
ĸһ굽ͷ棬Щѡݣò
׿ɧ̾˭˵үڣҲб˲֪ķա
⻰˵пϣҲǿڣʵϻǲòʼҵԼѰɣֻ·
ʲô·
Ҫô޲£Ҫôֻܳ׶ף翵ݡ
˵̹·һЦһ׿֪档
̫̾˿ͫ߬ģһһµĸţѽ治ڵҡ
ճʼһδͬĵͷȷ߸ڽضǸңӡ
ߣ˵أҪΪ˰鰵Ӱİӣڰңȥˡ
ճЦ£ϰѰӽ߸磬ҪȽ˺á
ͫNɪü⻰˵Ұҡ֮ǰǱߺжˣҲ˵׼죬һݴ񣡡
ŶճüһֱڶŰ׺ΧˣϢǱȻǸϢ
׿ţŲµľİӣֻҪⰸһƣǶ߾ս飬Ͷýˡ
뵽⣬̲סʣ֪ûжϢ
ͫüͷԴϸսԺ춼ǺͶĴʹǲ٣ȷϢȴ֪࣬ľأҪ־սεз׼֣ܳҲ֪ûͦס
ճ㵣ǵݿɹ
ߣ˵Ҿǲ֪Ǹж޳ܣҪ־սһǸ⣡׿ϽھУ䲻ǰߣҲȫﲻæ߼дţݣ۱ھеﾹ˿δ£⹦ԼͷϡҪ⼸ǵĹԱԼϱ˵ˣǻڹأ¶̫֮ô˵ģ
׿۾ͻͻֱô˵ģ
̫Ȼ͵˵˵Σ֮ͦǰߴǲף׿Ңں󷽾ЩӦı֣˵ѵ׿ҾͲ˭֪ҵֶҪƫЩ
̫ͫϴɫĶסĻú˵
ͫҲʶԼ̫ˣ˷۾˵ˡ
̫ת׿죬οƵЦЦ죬ǧ׿ģῴġ
׿֪̫ڿοҲЦ£̫İɣҵһΪԾ͸ıȻҲΪЩ۾ȥ粵ʲôҵҲһ죬и˸ĺá
á
һʱЩΣƺҲ̫ƽ
ܱѲ߶Ȼһ졣
˲ڲݸϷģȻ󣬵տĴѩУѾһִˡ
עĴĲ鿴š
ͻȻԶܳһӰӣԶһĨɫ˰ããĴѩ֮С
ʲôˣһὣ˹ȥ
ããѩؼ䣬˲һ·ӡпٵĽӽˡ
ͿһһĨӰѾһ˴
߽һͫЩ𾪣ǰޣô⣿
ȻǴһɫˣǰ޵Ķ֣йЩˡ
˻ܣһӒO˻

˳ƴһѷޱȵذף˺˵ĽŽ
ǺһУ˵һѩ
Ѿ߽Ǻ˻ڲĵķܾȾһܿϧҴˡ
̧ͷһۣЦûõģֻҸݣϽѶɣ
Ǻԭһġ
ŰޣЦһԶõ
һ·ĺһҧ˰ŵĶҩ
ã޴һӾȻ׼˶ҩ
Ͻ죬ΪʱҩѾ˸ܿӵǿʼѪԽԽû
ģ޺ݺݵһţЩɥ
Щ棬㣿ô⣿㲻ǱڴӪ𣿻ô£
ںţͺӪУЩôסң
üǻСˡ
һţһɻֹôûأôûأ
㵽ʲô
̧ͷѾˣǸ۰дϢˡ
Ŷգգۣ㲻һֱڶŰôֿʼעˣ
£
п˰Ҳûҵʲô˵᲻ϴˣ
ôܣ˵ضôһˣ
⵹ҲǸҲںϷţɷ˰컹һ񣬡޹Ǹ۴ϢģôϢϣһ⡣
ϡѽ
͵һۣ⵹ңÿ

ÿ
˼֪Ҫʲô
ֻһֽذ׳˳һں˵ĸ£׼λãһͱȥ
ʲô
ѪҺ˳˿ʣ޵ֲûͣ˳»һ߳Ŀ
ţһһ·ʿ˵θҵһ
ҵˣ

 86 

Ѿ˵
ްѴӺθҵĶڸɾѩϲ˲䡣
ſԭó°ŵһСԲͲСԲͲװľҪĶ
ô֪θ
ɴµİ޲ȻĹ´ǣ֪֪һǳϵش̿֯ȸ
еͷ˵֯ǰѾ伣ˡ
ûµִŵİ취ȴû伣óװϢһϸϵ棬ȥߵһͷ󣬵ȵϢʱ˳ߴθק
нűӣôġ
ǺܶģҲءҸոջ룬һŵΪʲôҪڿضأˡ
Ϊʲô
ֶҪҲڶʱٵθһµʬҲҲκκۼˡ
еͷֲ˵ԶҲõ
һǵõˡ޵еСԲͲ
˼Ҳû뵽֪ɡ
ĬСԲͲԼ䣬תҪߡ
һ£ǰҿһ𣿡
ΪʲôҪ㿴
ҿҾֻȥˣӦ֪򲻹Ұɡ
ʲôЦһ˲ſ˫ۣ޷Ƶãɡ
㡭ٿ֮ȻŲС࣬ϾŮбôĳȥ֡
ɴЦɣҲǺҪҾˡ
ȡһ£һסҪԸۣΪβأһ˾ܵô𣿡
Һǲһ·ˡ
ǻһ·ϰǰӰۣ㶼վһߣΪʲôǲأһзˣ뿪Ҳٰɣ
޵Щ䵭ûôãҪҲǵ޹أ㲻Ҫҵ·
򴽣²У㲻Ϻ֣Ҿֻܰץȥˣ
ƴȫǲһս
㲻ƴȫָָСԲͲ㻹иҪҪء
޵ı˲ԥˣЩģдԼһˣû뵽һξȻֻȰһ˼ִֵˡ
ðɡòˣһ𿴡
̴ȥչֽ˶סˡ
Ǹ۵ţһţģиͿ
ô޲˵
㿴ˣдʲô
üȻֽе޹أֽ㣬ˡ
˵ֵ꣬ķԶˣиֿ˿ֽĵɻ󣬡浽дʲô
߽֣ԶԶĻͷֻؼһƬѩףֻʣԶԶӰһһصѪ졣
عͷȥǰߡ
ϣÿһ£ܹܵ˵ġ
£޹ء
дú˵ʬصʱɫѾˡ
ÿճķţд¡
ˣճôһ綼ˡ
үΧѲӡҷһ¡
ʲô£
п˿ͷ߿׿죬Щԡ
ճͷȥ鷿˵
ǡ
е׿죬ֻǴµЩѪȣ׿컳УЩ
鷿ճ˵
˰ޡ
ճ㵹ӳüʲô
бѽϸһߣǰʿҵŵ¡
ô֪Ҳճ֣ȷ֪𣬷ͲΪܵķʽˡ
Ҳᵽ˵Ǵ̿֯ȸõİ취
ȸճü
ûǱףЪŵġȸ
ǡճЦ£ɰ޿Ҳ͡ȸйϵ
үʲô뷨𣿡
ճ˼ǫҾʱҪһ飬鵽ǫⲻ˻鵽ףЪ
Ե࣬ճκ˶
ףǡȸĵڶˣΨһĵӾףЪף챻ɱ֮ףЪ춼ΪʦǫϲǸŮǸͨˣǡȸߣҲʹף챻ɱĹؼ֮һףЪֻɱ
ףףЪͳ˵ˣʱѾ̿ˡ
ƺҲûʲôѡ
մ̫ѪеǺĵѪҲ޹ѪÿҹλأῴףСѵ޵ĳһۣʵ磬ȴǫЦ⣬žƺˣӡ
һϮµǫֻܴɫԼ
ʦ˵̿͵·ҪصסѪҪصסϵѪԼѪ
ԣѡ뿪Ҫͬǰһһ˶ϡ
ףЪ뿪һˡȸĨСȸϵĺۼ
ص춼ǵǰһ죬ףЪһջǰۡ
һѩһī
һҹսɫǼ̿裬Ȼһĺվǫǰ
ʣΪʲôҪɱ
ףЪ˵ֻǶĿǫϵİɫĬĬ룬ȻֻĴס
Զ޷ĸɾ
ǫɱ
ҲǰԼôѪôմأ
ǫıףЪĬĬĲȥһᣬγ˽Լ
֮ʱףЪǫԼԼڻУȥѪҺմǫϵǡ
ǫ˵һ䣬ҪȾ·ġ
Ѿʲô˵ˡ
ԽԽ䣬ǰѾֻʣ΢Ĺ⣬ǫĺԽԽԶ
סģֻǫİϣմ졣
֮󣬡ȸ㳹ڽʧˡ
ɼȻȸʧˣְ취أ
˵ףЪûаѡȸȫ
ճͷһֱ޲򵥣ֻһַʦ˺õĹٲһ
ǡ
Сճ´ѾµΪʲôͻȻȤԺжϢڲйܵ£͸һǹںġ
ǡ
ҵǷأ
ֽ̽˹ȥѾĵҹϹˡ
ճͷ˿еţȻģҲ
һ˵гһµүҾð޹öģڿʱֵĺ֡
ճüȷ֣ΪдľͶ϶޹Ҳ̫ˣοһ˶ݰɣȻˡ
ͷү˵Ǹ˰ɣ
ճ͵̧ۣ⵹Եġ

 87 

˼һʱԺ⴫˼ٵĽŲ
üߵűߵʲôˣ
ˡ
ڵ˶һۣճͷб
һᣬһɫڵ˰˽
һ۱˳ͽ¡
ճпǳʲô£
ΰݹأһ˿ϲүǻð䰵Ӱ޻Զ󽫾ˣץˣ
ģ˲ʲôʱץģ
ڽ죡ץ֮ͣˡ
ճʣץģ֤ҵ𣿡
үڳǱһլԺץģѳܶͷͼڵı߾񣡡
áճ㹴ˣȥϢɡ
ǣ
ߺиӺϲ죬̫ˣ̫ˣؿ׻ôƱ磡
ճҲһҪи˽ˡ
ǽô죿ʡ
Ȼسǡ
ʲôʱ򣿡
ҹҹζ࣡ճһ壬УȱҪȥͬ˵һ
еͷͬһȥ𣿡
ճҡҡͷѩɽȥ·ߣɽסţٻȥҲ١
Ӧţȥ
ŶСүһ𣬱Ͼⰸӵ󡣡
ǣ
׿ϣĸԼĶϣŸոѿɫһǳʲô飬ȻԸ֪׿Ҳȥʣȴȫܱ˵ĿƣƫƫҪ˼
һ԰Źǣһһ˵ĵĻ׿ҲͷӦţ˼ʵû⡣
Ҳµһӭ˵ЦģﵹҲԵ֡
˵ÿѩʱɽϵĺҪʳɽǱߣɫĻأ
ꣿǿǼ𰡣
ɲ˵꼫Ϊѵãܵôһһƶõӡ
㻹ȥɽ϶ȥ
ұҲģ˵һѩͷɽˣ˭ȥģ
˵ʱճ˽
׿˲žҪ
үһʶȤȥ
׿쿴ճϲŭǵ֮ɫԼոչڱˣҲ˵鲢ûʲô󰭡
ճ㿿ŷ΢΢иϢ
ʲôϢ
ð䰵Ӱ޻׿ץˡ
ģ
ճͷЦ⣬ģ߲񡣡
׿͵ĳ޴ЦݣЦΪĵһΡ
ϵĴʯͷ˵ء
ҵǲǡ
ճĸ׿ͷ׿ԩһϴģġ
ţ׿עճ۾˼ͷŵ飬ûʳԹ
ʱеүѾˡ
áճӦһȻ¿׿죬±ҹζࡣҺ߸ҹϻسȥٶЩӣȵˣȥ
׿֪ճΪ׿Ң飬˶˼ôٸ鷳Ȼճ˵ˣľǹԹȻĶѡ
ãүģҾԹԵ㣬үԼҲҪأѩҹ·һҪСģ
İɡ
Ǳ׿̫ճͫһ·ѩҹȻߣʹҲסżСɽͱھ͸ǾգܹоյĽ˳ǡ
һ춼ˡ
ͽץ֮Ϊİ׻ԳҾִ¶£ԾֱӽЩͷǬѺԿţٳʲô֦
ճ˵ǬͲ񣬽˽ճ㡣
úãճļ磬ȴ˻ȥǻҪΪãˣ㣡
лĩ
һ߰ҲѾ֪˱£ܻʹܼʤ˭ǳȥģ˵ȱһʱ𣿣
ʤվɪɪţȷʵҲģȺĸʡ͵ĵƣôһСܼҵĻ
ˣô찡ʤɥЩ֪롣
üëô졭ô֪ô죿Ѿ˵ͣڶ·ˣ˻ĵ̸סģҾһ춼˵壡˵ΪʲôѰӰĶɾ
ʤֱͷֻ˵ͣû˵ҰѶˡ
Ҳ˵Ͳ֪𣿣ǡҪ飬ڵز
ʤ°ٲߣҲֳܱʲôҪҪλ취
ЦһǺʹ;ǰ䣬Ҳֻдʽȥζְģ˵װҲһӶѡ
ֻҪû˼ֵͻΪӡ
ʤü˻Ҳ̫ģȻҵĵץģլѾ궼ûȥˣҲܾ֤ҺйϵɣοЩ˶һѵģδؾͻ˵ġ
˵Ȼáױ̾Ѿôûлˡ
ͻȻһ̻ֻһ·ߣȷˣ
ʱ󣬰׵ĸһ۵ˣ֪ôĽʲô𣿡
׳˳ɤӣˡ
ʹ̧üʲô£
ϴһ˱ץˡ
ϴ˭
ð䰵ӰԸ׿Ңˡ
ʹ߲ɵ˿ܿǲ˵ʲô
ĳû·½ΪһΪûйϵ
˵ͷȻˣ˽Ϊ£
ţͨһڵϣȻ¶ûлᲫһϣܹõʹߵİ
ü˵˼ǣ
ĳʹ֣߳ɱϴˣ
ֻҪϴ죬ֵײȫһᡣ
ǡʹЦڣ
ʹߣϴҲǵϵˣȻδػϳʵһסͫεĿʣὫҹǱûʱ͸ɵ
ϴ
Ѿ˲ˣϴǱһѵصץߵģȻݣϳͷǳҾͣץ֮ͽǬڻûг
ǬȥǬΪɱ𣿡
ĳѾû·ˣʹ߳
㵱а취׿Ң޷
УֻҪʹ߿ϰæ
˼һ£ã죬Ҳܱ֤һܳɣûɣϣܼסԼĳŵµΪֹĪҪǣ۵
Ƥһһͷڵϣлʹ

 88 

һ죬ͫҲûܴ⼸˵˳һõĻЩյ߳ѺЩ˵ķӣߵǰȥճ߿ࡣ
ճЩ˶ʲôʡ͵ĵƣ߸ôǲʳģõֶΡ
ͫһ£˼ǣ̣
ճͷû
вУܾͫ̾ֳˡ
߸ΪѣҿԴΪʡ
ͫһۣǻ˵ˣñӣţѾˡ
ճ㹴ЦҾûбӣҲֻ߸ԼѶƹѣҾ㲻¶Ҳܽʹ
ͫһ£ˣɣһٰ˸Ūˡ
߸ģǶ˵֤ˣ˵֮ǰһǵĹ
ͫۿﶼЩݵķˣϿסУһǳ극ȥʣҪʲôʲв
߸ġ
ڴʱһʳеСˣ߽˹Ѻ˵СԺŵĽʿʣʲôģ
С˵ү֮͵Եģү˵ҪҹѶȺ˶ûˡ
Ŷȥɣ¶ͳ
ǡ
Щ谵С˰ʳзŵλã㱻ſڵʿߴųȥֻÿһڽļˣȻʳĸӡ
ռʱӣӱץϴһ˻ûгԶأڱһһʱӶ˶ӹе
ϴҶ
ϴǸСһۣϽʳý
һ߹ȥ˰ʳ˽ĲʳУвͷ˶ֵסⷹ˵ջҲ˹Ĳ˹ˣȥץžͳԡ
ϴһţָ϶֬һһ߼һʱﶼǰ
ֻСǸˣһֱǽǣǰҲԶ
ϴһȣȥע⵽ǽǵˣĨĨСӣôԣ
Сӵˣھƹһֱı˶ϵǸСܣڽҡҡͷſǻҳԲ¡ϴ󡭡ǻ᲻Ⱑ
СģҲСƽܱ۸һס˻
ϴһļûζ̾˿ȻԴвĿѹСţǸɵ£һٴεģָ˵滰˾ͻŹǣҸ㣬Ψһָľǰ˰Ǿȳȥ
ǰôǣ
㼱ʲôⲻûƽ̲ôҸ˵ȻǸˣҲ֪ЩүӵģûȨնҪƽ̲ģֻҪúñͣʲô֪Ҳܰô֪𣿡
С⣬Žɵգգۡ
ϴݼ˵ʶȤպ죬յǳȥٻ󣬵Ͳϣұ֤ԼôĶ֪
ϴ󡭡ܻųȥ𣿡
ϴ˱סˣҲ㿴㣬ӱǺӻСʲôѽ컯֮£һүܰǶ˲ɣСӣˣҪǰˣ͸ûˣܻţǼ֪ɡ
˵꣬ϴ㲻صȺȥһ鼦ӡ
СӻǶǽǣֹס
ֺ嶼ڷԶûϴЩ֮ͽһں£ޱȺ¡
һжǴ쿪ʼıġ
ԭһͨ˼ҵĺӣ꾰üʳգĸҲ˱ծƵ·ߣ˫˫ֻܴһ˽ͷ
ڳеһƷԼһϽȥҳԵģʵ̫ˣӵ̯̣㶯˲е˼
ȥ͵Ҳǵϰ˵ֻӶѣɶ˵
ɾ͵˰׼ʱϰ巢Ҳĵ׷
ֻܲͷǰܣ·һʱϰ岻֪ôģʹӺϵȥ
ѰӽãԼȴõĺУȴٸѺš
ϰļҪ
֪ԼˣʵѾûôˣΨһŲµǻƷﺿ޵á
ԼˣôҲûл·˰ɡ
һֱУ͹ԱͷǷһ
û뵽ʵֵһ졣
վǰ벻ȥʱ͵ͷ
Ҫһ¡
ֻҪһȥʲôҶԸ
СʶϴԭȺ˶̷׸ǿԻȥĻᡣ
˼֮ʱȻһѽһȵ˲䵹˵ϣŸ˫ֱ㶵Ķǰ°ĭգۼͶ
ţһһˣŸȥ
ϴʶʲô־ҪеĶٳΪʱҩѾѪҺŵڵϣû˵
ֻʣСһˣɫҰ׵ɪڽۿһһˣȫȥڽһǵңѹˡ
ˣ˰ˣ
ŵʿŶ룬ۼ˾סˡ
һЩģ̽ȥͨǬԼǰһһһȫû˺
ʿڴ򿪵ģһɨʳϣЩţȻǱǬ¶
ͫճ٣Ⱥ˽ͫɫɼȥճ۾ˡ
ֳѻȸŵʿһԣ˵˸ոյ
ͫûɹκͷ
¸¸
ճٵһ۶ڽѾŴסˣֻͷ˿ˡ
˵ųϢȥ˵ȫˡ
ⲻǻһŵʿ˵һ㣬ͱճһ
˵
ǡ
ճ˷Ժӣͫü߸磬ĸϣҲȫ
ͫЩʧӣôҪ֤˾Ȼĸﱻˣ߬ȭҲ飡˭ɵģ
ճüԺˣǿεĸһɾ̲ˡ
ʲô뷨ͫ
ҪǵǾһ˵֪Ķ
ͫͷΪʲôҪɢϢȥͲǸ޼ɵ
áճЦһ£ҾһֱڹֻҪǸ¶ͷҾ͸ҰǵԴ
ϰ˰侲һ㡣
߸磡ճĿⶢǸڽˣ˾ͽˣȥЪŰɡ

ܿ죬ϴһ˱ɱϢʹ˳ȥԺǽµĳ˽ͷӶš
ȷ˶ˣ
ˣûүɫܳˡ
ãɵúãһͷ
ٺ١ǾͷʹǰΪҶԼˡ
˵˵ֻҪƯͷһ졣
ٺ٣ԡ

 89 

ͷӪʱʱſڿ
߶ţô
֮󣬱дϢжĵʦүҹϵȥû뵽ӰͻȻϢ߲Ŵ˲صʱ䣬ʦүҲû˲ǣ
أѲѩ̫󵢸ˣ̧ͷ˿죬磬ѾûټѩˣﲢԶӦҲûже㲻̫õĸо
ճиҪҪû̫˼棬һС˳·ȥһңһиʲôҲӦ
ʱԶڳǽɽϵ£Ѿɽ
׿һͻͻͻţڽհʱһʶˣųҾӣԳӪеʦү
Ȼ׿ûмˣҲΪ棬ҾӪмˣÿһοǲٵġ
ʦү˵յүŸ˵صģһţ׿һ۾ϳеıʼǡ
˵Ҫһλĵˣ¡
׿²⣬һǳʲô֪£ճŻҹ춼ˣֻǲϰӰҲʱϢȨ֮ճȻص춼ȥ
һʲôҪ°ɡ
ϵϢ֮٣ʦүҲ׿ַ˺˼ëᵽġѵϽʲô
Խ
ʦүй񣬾ҪϽص춼ȥ
˵¾ȳѩͣɽ·ʱ춼ȥˣүңһǳʲô£ӪжĵľһǸˣɾµˡ
׿ͷҲ֪˵Ĳ٣ճôһԭ
ģһȵȣͬһȥ
⣿ʦүһ£ǷŲү𣿡
׿û˵Ѿȫ¶뷨
ֱק׿죬ȻСߵү𣿡
ǣѾȲȥˡ
֪ճ˲˵飬ȴֻżصȥﲻκæٿԿҲİһЩ
ʦү˵ɽ·Ѿ˵ﻹүµĶʮţֻҪСĸ·µġ
ʦүͷѩѾͣˣʱͷ㣬·Ӧøˡ
ãǾ̳׿쿴˿ȥ̫
ǡ
Ѿ˰ʱɽ·Ƶߣʦү˵Ĳ·ϵѩ࣬Ҳࡣ
׿ڶм䣬Ϊҹ·ÿ˶ߵĺϸеĻӳұڴ
ԼĶӣСĶԶĺ˵ǲҲϿף
Цһ£Ժиֳĳ
ԭԵֶѾ㲻֪ʱĵİǣߡ
û뵽Ǹ½ǰȹӰȻճ㡣
Ҳû뵽ǿһλصǷ²ϡ
ҲΪˣԵֲ塣
׿카ŴǣüĿ䶼ů⣬ڲ濴ЦҲЦ
СԴӼ޸ү֮˺񶼱һ
׿̧ˣ
룬ֱ仯һһ˵ģһ򵥵ˣȻµӡ˶еıʶ־εĴĥض͡
ţͻȻһ٣ǳֿڴʯͷһ˲ͣ
ڵһ˲侪ţ׿侲ô£
泳µ˵ɽʯ·סˣðʯͷῪС
ֽõëƤ멸׿ϣҳȥ
ҲˣҲҪȥ׿ͷԸҪСġ
˻ţǰ˶ĵطȥȷʵкܶʯͷ֮һ˸᲻ء
ʱʦү˹׿ǼҲȥæһᣬ·ͨǺ·
ǣ
һᣬ׿ϣһ˶ʣˡ
׿촽Щӣ⿴
һһ
ͣɽ±ϣұ߰Զ⳵ꤾҪȥˡ
û°ɣ
Ȼһʦүġ
׿عһû¡·Ҫͨ
ǡ·һʱͨˡͻȻʦүɭ࣬׿ʱľѣһƿţͿʦүһЦվڳ⡣
֮ĳײ֪ʲôʱѾжȥ׿һסˣʦү˫ǰˣ͵һұ˹ȥ
ĽвãԼΧѾû˱ˣ˶ǰʯͷء
׿룬ʶĳԼͷϵӣʦүǰ˳ȥ
ֻˡһĳ嵹±ϣ׿һˤ˹ȥ
ͻʹȴ˼ϣΪûͣס˼Ǽұߵɽ£ȥ
ǰע⵽˺󷽵ĶֻһУֵ˫Ŀڵأܵ±ߣһҲҪˤȥһʿۼֿס
˶Ӧʱɽ·ĻʦүӰӣֻʣһصĳۣһ޾Ԩ


ճڰҵλϣɪɪСӡ
ϴ˱Ѿȥ˼ʱǾţճ㲻˵СҲһش
ңСȥ
СţξԲܱǣߣЩֻһճ˵гġ
û֪ںδҲֻһһˣ
үҴ﾿롭ʲô
Сȳסˡ
ճ㻹һŭ֮ɫ֪֪ϴôģ
Сţ֪
Ȼ֪ǱͲϻˣֻ·Ҫô˵Ҫôһ³
ճƽ˵ţСһв
ҡҿ˵үӦһ
ճЦˣû뵽СӾȻҺ̸Ŷ˵
СӿſˮһãֻҪүҵҾһ֪ǡ
ã
ԡԣ֮꣬ǰһֱڶǵƷڡҲ֪ǲǻš
˵žҪ޳ճЦ£Ҳô죿
СӹŲӣģòܵģҪҪʬãʲôҲ˵ġ
в𣿡
СӶ񣬡ǲ˵ģ
ðճصʿԸȥȫѲһûҪСҵ֮󡭡ճСӵ۾޸˵͵ش
㣡СӶʱð亹ôôѪֻһСŮѣͲɱͲбӦ𣿡
вĴۣ
ҡСһӺôвһԵĹүءһ˲£Сͷޡ
˵
Сӹ򵽵ϣһһµĿͷ˵үŹҵãҶ˵

 90 

ֱɫٴʱдϢ
һּĹǬǬ½¡
ͫճ㻥࿴һۣǹ˵˵ˣǺҲھһͬȥ
ܼͫʹ˸ɫЩлͫʣ֪֪֪ϴּΪ£
΢΢ͷЦ£ϵ˼ūſɲ֪ҹ̲ɰװҹ˵˺þõĻūҲ֪ڴǷйء
ֵͫͷܼұЩȥ๫ˡ
λүʰһūһͬȥɣϻء
ճ㳶˸ײЦǾ߰ɡ
ϴ˱ʱǾѾһʱֳϢʱճ;ãһǰģֻЩԶı죬ײп
ճ˷Ϣȥ˵˶ˣΪľð֮¶ֻû뵽׾Ȼסһ̶Ȳãҹֵǰȥˡ
Ҫ׾ʲôơ
˳Уվһߣв̹ҲѾˣһϡ
ܲμϡ
һۣ͵һģ̫ʧˣ
ͫüν£
Ƴۿ˿ֿ˿ǣǲѾץ˰Ӱˣ
ͫ˵ճסϣȷʵץ˼ͰӰйصˣҲѵͷͼڵı
ߣЦһ£ȻץˣΪβʱ޻㱨
ճ㲻Ųæ˵ϣȻץˣûвʳʲôԻϱ
ûвʳǲҲʳ
ͫﲻסˣʲô˼ѵڻɳ˽𣿡
ʱ򣬰˵ˣǬ£ϲû˼ǧˡ
ͫһۣ㵹˵˵ʲô˼
һЦ˵ų滰Ǭ£Ϣŭ˵
׿һϣȻȻЦ£λүʵģǰڳаÿˣµµͽűѺһ˽ǬѺ˼ͷͼڵıԵʱ֪ǰӰİ˽չֻǹ죬үû̲Ρ춼ЩõĴţȻҲԸλү׿˽ģԿηûڻǰʣλүΪã˻ϡ
ͫмЦ£ţ֪Ĵţﱾƫأ
̾˿ճ㣬ǳϹ¼ɣ֪үΪˣȻ֪ү˽׿Ů޽˺أ
׵ǳ鶯£λµĹϵ׽׿һϵҲ˲ɡοûʲôλºαزţֱӽ鵽˴ǰһ֪׿ǰǺô
Ҳͷϰˣ˵Ҫ㶮ñӣƫ㿴ʹĻ㣬Ҳ֪վ̤ߣھͰץ˴Ҫʣ
²Сճ
ΪʲôУۼŭ⡣
ճ㿴һ۰ףˡ
һ£ˣ˭ˣ
˿ıץǬеˣˡ
ôôأ
ճͰ׶ԿţǱ¶ˡ
㾪¶µĶµĶ
׵۽ǲԾ£ûӹճ۾
֪ҪϹˡ
ϣҪ֤Ȼڽ䱸ɭϵǬ˶ˣһҪϲ鰡
׵ĻϣǬҪطˣһ䱸ɭϣ˭¶¶ģü˼ţ鵽˰Ӱ˶׿˵ǼΪģƫƫʱ֤ˣͫճƤӵ£̫ˡ
̧üۣЩҡԭԸ׿Ң޹ģּ󶼱ⱳè壬ѵ׿Ң˽˰ӰճͫҲվ׿һ
һԲߴԼֵܱƫ̻κһ׿ǲ׵ģȷճ׿Ң˩һϵģͫƺҲǣס´һ£׿ûʲôɽ˵ľһ滰
ϣ׹ڵϣΪ¶Σ죡
ϱۣһʱ䲻֪ξ
ճ㲻ɫĿ۰ף˵˼ǾǱɱˣ
һ˵λүΪڻ׿ԲŰ˶ɱˣ˵׿˽˰Ӱɱ˳ӣ죬ıɾʵѽˣû֤ݣ⻰ɲ˵
ԣ£̷ϣû˼ֻ֤飬ʵ̫ˣϣϸ顣
ճһɱŰ˾˼
һ˿⣬׿ҢıճôΪȢ׿ҢŮΪ׿ҢıΪճأ
ǻ֮ԽԽȻԸϣճƺôǵ֧֣βһ˿
ޣүͱˣѲˣ
ǲ飬Ӧ˰ɡ
ü⻰ô˵
ճЦ£˶ԻӦû˵ʵɣ
ױ۾Ա¾ްԣ
ͫһۣſûһ滰
ճĿһۣǰûи߻ϣϴһ㸮ϵĹܼʤıԺУץģ
ʲôϾȡ
״Ѿϵճ˵ŵ̷ϣ֪ҲϵĹܼ⻹ıԺ
լûȥҧϣճҲûа취֤
ճüǲǾãϴˣʲô֪ˣ
ӭճ۾áѾȷϹͫճûʳκϴ˾ͱˣ˿£ⲻճըѡ
ʵڲ֪ү˵ʲôүΪԴ˰ǣͼ鶼Ƶϰɡ
һϰˣ㵽û֤ݣ
ûС
ǡЦүУ΢ݣͿ裬̤𣿡
üˡȻЩҲûҪ˼
ʱ˽ϣ̲
ôˣ
ճ㴹Ҫȵˣˡ
ϣȻȷû֤֤լӺͰκιϵǡ֤ݡ
ʲô֤ݣ
ճЦһǾ˽ɡ
׵ɫ˲ףЩţȻλ̲飬һֱã̲Ҳһֱǰڴ
ԭȵϾҪ˻ȥˣôʱ򣬺Ȼð˳
ſڣͿϴһк˽
׵˲ˣһ۾ϳкбȳȥ̷֮һ
ڵѪҺһסˣ֪һˡ

 91 

ϲμϣ
ϴųѾûеⳤΪಡѾǣѾ꣬͸ϻȥˣû뵽ڹϣȴŰݷá
ɺЩˣ
л¹ģϳ廹ŵסճ½ģ
˻
ִŲ£ϳ´ͳְ֮ܲ
Щԣôְأ˵
ϳһӣϣϳڼ䣬̲Ѻ̷ʧٵԱһʮˣ½
ʲôϵۣȻ̷ʧˣףˣ֪֪Ϊδûϱ
֧֧˵
Ͽһ۰ף£˲֪飬ͷ̷һ£ǰʹģ
ײӱͨź飬Ұûʲôڣιԩң
ϲǼԻ˵˵ʵص֤֤ǲţԴ˿̾󣡡
׵ɫˢף
ϵͷȻָ¹Сӣ˵֤𣿡
ûǴˣ
Ͽͷŵк̧ͷ㣬֪ͷ𣿡
Сݿţϡ֪
׵۾ĺ˪
ϸϸ˵ôܵ飬ô֪
СӿſˮΪҾһͷŵ
ʲô
СڵһĿͷСֻһʱͿջˣΪŴӦﰲð䰵Ӱȥݺ׿ģ
ۿϵɫɰת࣬Ѿûκα粵Ըһڵϣ˲ҡ
վǰ¶ˡ
ԼĴֻҪϴûбڣ𴩾顣
۾ðŻ𣬡˵ǰЩ̷ð䰵Ӱݺ͢س
ǡСӷŶ˵Ĺܼʤ˵ֻҪ㱻ץҲǽ̲ܣʱ򰲴ٰǷų֮ǡšԡ
ֱɶճžһеˤǰ㻹ʲô˵
Ѿ۾ɫƽȻԤϵԼ³޻˵
ô˵һ´˾֣ݺ׿ģ
׵ͷǡ
ߣȻ͸֪Լ³ɱӡݳ͢سһҲΪŭɶˣ˴Σմն
ϣճһֹɱӵ̣ȻλȨأڳܵĵأȴδκ̵ĿܣԳܻɰ˱ˣԳΪӦŰ˵һΪá
žͷðɣǾٶһʱ䡣飬˾ͽ̲Ѻˡյ֮˵޾͵Թֹˣϣ֮ǰ̲ܰĲݶɾ
ϸһݣϳּ
һ˵£ֻʣ˻ϡճͫ
ͷ⼸£ˡǲˣҲ׿ףдگ飬ȹڣϳɡǱߣҲȥͨһԪѽڣ˶ͬһ
ǡ
ճͫûжһͬ˻ʹ
ͫһ·϶ЩƲ֡
ôˣճ
ͫ˵˵ϵʱǲ˰׵ĻΪ׿˽ذӰΪάɱϴǣ
ճı鲻¶ɫ˴𰸡
ϵʱˡ
Ϊճ֪ʵûʲôˣǿԶεġ
Ȼ׵ܵܣҲв
֪ճعҡҡͷܻôģǰŲС
ͫͷЦ˳⵹ǡĴͷβûлɹ׿𣿾ֻΪȢ׿ҵŮɲ㰡
ճ㵭Цһ£ûлش
Ȼûлɹ׿ҰϾһεˣ˭ֵζֲ壬ǰ׻ˣ
߳ţͿϵͣ·ߣڵ˭һ
ճͫһۣ߽ȥ
飬л
ϴλүϳֻǽʵ鲢϶ѣûпİæ
ճͷ֪Ǹл飬ʱԸǣЩ飬԰̲ºõ˽ŷ˵֤
Լĺӣ˼ܣ㽫˴ǰֽ£Ǻ±¶˽䱸𣿡
ճ㴹ȥȷ־ãĹˡȻսֺαڳϸأΪϴ׿ϵҲΪþȪ֮µĳܹϢԲŲѵĲֵ̲ȻѾƣԸڻǰ˵࣬Ĵм
үˡüĿϳȻй֮⣬׻ǴĳӣȻڵΡ
ô룬Ǵ֮ҡ
ʱճ㿴Сӣʣ֪׼δã
ϵϳѾ˽İӣȻϰʵʵֱӹϵдʵǹˣǵʱ󰸵ˣǮɡӣҲǲȫģ֮ôУҪٽϴǰ֤ٵ顣
ճͷ참Ͻ̲ˣ֮ԩٴٺܶɡˡͬ⺢˵仰𣿡
ү롣
ճߵСӵǰüոڵǰֵĲΪᱻŵû˵أ
Сӿ۾ﶼ󣬡Ѿ˼֪Ķ˵ˣүԷŹҵ𣿡
ճЦ£СӾǺƭ
ģŲһСӶ֣ѾҵˣǸƷӦûڵȥɣ˷ʱѾιȥˣѾûˡ
ҵˣ
˵࣬ȻҲʳԣı˺úչõģгұҪˡ
СӵѾֹסµûճѾҵãչ˵ôá
ǰΪĻһĺʹɱ֣ʱճ£жٲΪ֪أ
СӳһЦݣ¶һݡ
˭˵뺮Ǹɱ˲գħ
ʵҲֻǸѪжѡ
лү
Сͨһ򵽵ϣ͵ؿͷ
ճקлңҪллԼûû֪ɡ

 92 

ݣ
ֱۣҾӪ
ӪĽʿڷչŵӣҲûжֱӷУֱȵӪ⽫ʿע⵽ôһλأ
ʱסϵ˺ţȥͨҪү
ӪĽһ㶣ʱʲô£үӪа
˵ţд˳鿴Ҳɣжʣôˣ
ѾûѪɫػ˾ͳŲסˤȥֹ
֣оȣһѽˤˣ˳Ʊסô£㲻𣿡
׿֮ȥңаɸߣǸ޷µײȥֻܸϽӪȡ
ֱӪһ·ѾЩ֧ˡ
̱˿΢֪ͨүȾȾȡ
ԽԽۿҪȥͷ϶֣׳ʲô£ôˣ
ˡ
ʲôлһʣѾȫȥˣ̧ͷǸ⵽ô£
ɳȥѰʦүôִ˻
ҡҡͷҲ֪ʲôֹ˵ѩ±ߵȥˣɳȥѰʦүĵ֣ȥѰˣ
ѩ±ߵȥˡѩаɸߣȥȥ
һӶס͵ҡҡͷģ󣬲ġ
ô죿øϽ֪ͨү
еͷүȥˣȥңϿ켯֣׼ҲҪҵ
ǣ
Ը飬бֽӣţ

ճǱϣ͸ͫһǬ
Ȼϴ׿Ңϵﶼɴڡ
ױһˡ
һʼճΪ̫ǱߵˣڵǰʱƺҲûرﰲ˵ճҲЩ²͸ڰױˣ˭
һùţһܼ˽
ʲô£Żŵģ
үǳҾҺ£˵м£
ճüӪ˾Բ޹ô˵߸磬ҾȻӪˡ
Ŷá
ճǬţͿһǣԼķ¬
ճʣʲô£
촽ţү

Ѿˣѩ±ߣһ˻ţȴһ
ȥѰҵһһǶµײȥ˼ѩֱɽɵģһѩȡ
Ѿ˼ʱһ
Ѿұ̫ϣˣ׿컳УôߵĵطˤȥĻп
ֱ̫ɽǻûҵκ׿Ϣ
ָۣѾɫֵȴһ㶼оۡ
˶֪ôʱɽ·һ˴
վһүү
ճûһ˿¶ȣҲֻк˪ȴܵǷݳȡ
һԲߵ׿ȥĵطһۡ
ããѩɫס
ү²ס
иǴ
ճһѶӣţҴȥҡ
үȥɡ
ҪԼȥ
˵꣬ճ㽫һϵڰϵʯ׮һԼҲ˵裬˿δԥȥ
үжʱֱһ
һᣬѾʮµµȥе棬ʱʱ溰Ǿʵ̫ԶòκλӦ
񱻺˲ѾˣҪúûһ
еòĻӦֻȥ˽
ɽ·ȻЩߣҲڵȥĳ̶ȣǷʲô飿
Ȳ裬ͷ˹ŲͣĨᡣ
ǵʲôˣ
ҡ
ʦүϸĺ˵һ飬еɫԽԽǧû㵽Ȼ©
мסʦүĳ𣿡
룬ȻţҸһЩǷģһӣ۾ϸһǺܾˣҵʱųҾӣױţ˿ûлɡ
ҧˣǳҾӪеʦү
ʦүҲѾˣӪеӺеױŲŻڱ˵
벻ͨǺ˲ŻĿʲôأ
ѵѾڰʱ̶źһһ
ʱºȻϢ
ҵˣǡ˲档
ճϵľͷһһῪԽԽԽ
ֱһľͷѩڳûҵκһ׿ĺۼ
ˣôϢʧˡ
ճ߬ȭͷԶĴ˼ţ׿﷭Ҳпڰ˦ȥģֻֽҪôûҵҪôѾ뿪
Ȼڵڶ֣˵׿컹š
ү𣿡һʿ
µз磬㲻ѣԴֻܾɫˡ
ҡ
ڵߣҲҪһ
Ϣһ̵ڣճûһֿܣǾ׿ˡ
û룬ҲԸ룬ȥ롣
̹ǵµףͷһδð˳
һ˲䣬ճͽ뷨Լﶪ˳ȥ
ܵģ˴ԽһΪľֲܹеź
ΪˣطһַʽԷ
ְÿһܵѩѣÿһζʧ
Ǳĸо͸壬ѪҺճǰʱһɫ
öָоİģΪʹࡣ
оѩҪҪˡ
׿죬Բ
үнӡͻȻһʿһ
Ѹٱ˹ȥͼʿָһӡǵģһµġ
ճ㿴ӡĴСȷһ˵ĴСһŮˣһӡ

һǵģһû
ӡԶķţճ۾˹â
ȥң
ǡ
ճˣѩһǳһŵţԶĴ俴ôȴôԶ
ĬĬ˵ţңң࡭ңһҪҡ
ǴеһСԺһãǱһ԰׵ˣۡ
ʶľȥԼĶӣȻѾûκļˡ
֪⺢ӣһε뿪

 93 

һʹ޴ﴫ
׿ڴϣҧ촽档
ʧȥӡ
ԭ˴ûзŹһΣעʧȥģҲûסһ
޴ıʹϮͷ˲佫ѹ壬ûС
ԼĸܲκδڵϢ
ҵĺӡ
ĿԵüѣɳ˿˿ʲôأ
׿ɫ԰ף֪Լеһ쵽˿̣ÿһ˲䶼ʹ͸ģʱ䵽ˣֺؽջˡ
Ϊ˲̣Ϊ˲̣Ϊ˲̡
ѾʧȥһˣΪʲôҪپһӵкֲòֵĸܣ
ȻоһѪȵĶڿǻӿԭڲ䣬촽Ѿҧˡ
ѪҺˮʽȥҭסеĺ
׿ȥץסʲô˿̺Ҳ޷ӦܸܵģֻԼȥĴ
ѾֹͣˣԼҲҪֹͣһ
е˼ȫ˼ôķţⱯѾӿԽûһԶԶں
ס
ס
ס·úڡ
ס
׿ǰԺĳһͨ··ľͷ·һ֡
˭
סĺӰ·úڡҺú¡𣿡
׿ֹסʣԶ˺ţվԭصң㣡
Σӣһߡ
ˡ
һֱԺҩˣһһţѵ
⵹ǳԤϡ
Ǹʱһˤòװ˳ͷ˲˺صˣһС
˱˴ӣ˲źʹ
Ǵ˵⸹еĺζסˣڴܻܲͿ컯ˡ
û뵽һûȻˡ
Ǹǿҵ˰
Ժ˴æݣôһףⲻǻôѵոԼˣȥ̽Ϣʱ㷢Ϣ֮ǰ࣬ʱһǺã
Ҵɡ
ҹţڰѴΨһĴ
Ǵ̾Ϣһôˣ˵ˣ˵̫أܻܲÿԼ컯
Źܲô࣬һץסһݺݵĵҲܣ˻ΪһͲܼȣ򡭡һҲҩ̣
ѽѽۡúúáȥֲֻЭҩ䣬һȥˡ
ȻصСԺʱ׿ϢѾ΢ˡ
ҡҡͷ˵̫ˡ
ôͻȻأղҰҩʱ򣬻˺ôһ
üˣ
԰
ǡۺӣλ֪ԼĺûܱסҲʧȥϢԽԽ
˵Լˣ
ⲡԼԸʲô취أǴҡҡͷʲô֮ҲܰһѪ
֮
ûһЩϵ˲Ρѩ֥֮ЩСа
һ£˲
˭˵ûϺõ˲أ
׿ֻ˼ʱѾƽ
Ǵ׳˲Σϲѣǰϵ˲ΰû뵽֮꾹ȻܿǸˣΪһİˣﾹȻ׳
δ𻰣ǴߴŴϿ콫˲ҩ
ȴůůģΪҲһЩˣԸһİ
ڶյ󣬳սС
׿۾ѣһ˲ӴӺڰгƣԭʵ硣
ģ
ͻȻԺĻ䷭ӿѩϣһʦү׹ǰɽµһĨɫڰֵͣӰӡ
ԡɽϵ
ʧȥԼĺӡ
Ҫȷһ飬ѵƶ֣ԼĶӣﰲ
ģһжġ
ϤϢУһζסĺòھ޴ʹ
ʹֱ࣬޷޷ȥ
ȱǻǿҪըͲͨ죬ָűӡ
ˣǿںϵԽԽ
òһ㴭ϢĻᡣ
ǲһ־һҳͷ޷ԭԼ޷Ǹȥĺӡ
׿촽ϣǰһŤ
룬ҲҪˣΪûٻȥ֪ʲôճ㡭
ճ㡭
ճ㡭
ͻȻճıӰǰ
ڷ׷ѩҹδӹڣ˫ָһɫɫɴӣѩĭϮķ˵ۡ
һǳʱĳ
תüһ˿ǵ֡
Ȼô塣
׿ȥôŬ޷
ճûбǵĺ
ճҲᡭ׿ȴҲԭԼˡ
֣
Ժеճ㣬Ȼ׿죬üĵ֮ɫŨˡ
֣
ͻȻճһ˲׿ˡ
ػһ㣬ⴳ׿ķǻ֮У͵ؿ˼£ֿԺˡ
׿쳹ѹʱע⵽Լŵ֣ԭȻԼ֡
ڸʲôȻԼ
ڻʱҷǸոջþҪ˶ϣʧȥӵʹ񾭻㱣⼫ȵͱˣ˿ӱܵĴ
ճһ֡׺Ҳ
׿Ÿ첲ôų
ܾʹ䡣
ʦүĿⱳ󾿾ı͹ƣˣź
׿˲ϲ֪Ѿɵˮ
ѾǰǸ֪ĹˣڵǰҪȥܵ·
УҲֻһܹͨҪյ㡣
ԣԲΪһ·ˤñˣͷһ·
׿ԼѾƽ̹ĶӣĬĬ˵
ҵĺӣҲעûԵ֣֪㹻˼һϣ㻹Ը
ʱŲһŮӶһҩ˽
һˣ
׿̧ͷһʱסޣ
Ůüʶң
׿𣬰ֻ׿࣬ûм׿졣
𣿡
޷룬΢Ŀ䵽׿ڸϡ
Ǹûܾĺӡ
׿۾ƽзӿȻҡҡͷⲻĴҸлл㣬ҡ
ɴµ΢΢û뵽㾹Ȼô侲ȻǸˡĺӱںɽˣҾʹȥ
лл
޵ͷȻҩݸ˵ոջû˵꣬ô֪ҽаޣ
׿һڣҩܿࡣ
ΪǼ

 94 

ôǵǼأ
ǣ
׿£Լɢҵͷڶ¶ԼĶͷ۽ǵɰ룬׿ࡣ
ԭأ׿ࣿߵĻ׿ࣿôǸŮİ
׿ͷüĿһ˿Ǹ⣬ܱǸǰҶԼϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
ҡҡͷⲻ⣬㲻ǻ˭սֿ˿ױôһ£ҾȻһ㶼ûп
ǡ׿Ң֮Ů
޻Ȼԭˣֲ԰Ӱôġ
ʱЩȷʵǼΪϴϵԩðǸ
ҡͷǵҲءôϵأ
׿룬ʦү鵹ҲûҪ߰ޣ˵ѩ·֡
㻹Ҫ˼ѩôߵ㶼ɡ
ǰ󣬼ȻⶼˤǾ˵þ
׿򴽣ޣлֻ֮ҵ̫Լ߶ɲ԰һŸ
׿ĿŰޣճ֪µ飬ʲôķӦ뾡ճȥԼϢ׿ҲǸʦү飬ŵĵȷǳҾƺеױţǴֻص춼ȥҲճɲ뾡콫ԭԭĸ֪ճС
룬ȻŴӳҾӪܳϾ׿Ҳȹһһӡ
׿ֱߵҩ룬Ǿ˲ΣӶθ뿪ʱߵĶ
ҲԵɡ
ðɣҾͰ˰ﵽס
л
˵һ޵׿ԲϢˡ
һԺɫѩϷĹ⡣
һдõţһҪ͵ȥ
ʵСȻž춼ǲԶʵҪɽ·ĻҲʮ·̣򲻴ֱӴȥܽʡܶĽų̡
ʼѡΪ㹻ƫƧҰ
⣬ĿªҪΪ֪Сطõѡ
콫͵ӾͲٰȫˣֻ뿪
Ժ˼ţ뿪뿪ɣܹһҲ˸˽ʱ
ȻܺǣҲһǣҵߡ
תصԼУ򵥵ʰһϸֻһСͰܴĶˡ
û뵽ʮ꣬һա
ߵӵһǣһͭģȴûչ
ǸٵòҹʵѪĵ׵Ĵ̡
ʮˣûϸԼ
ʲôɿأһİ̺ۣĿӡ
Ҳ֪ôˣ޾ȻժԼɴžǸģԼ¶ʵĿ
һ˵İ̺ۣڶʮʱѾĥûô㤡
Ծһѣһ衣
ԼҪڶ˷ɵԼȻôһˡ
ҧǸˣôý³ǸˣôԼĺʮ겻һǸˣôںޡ
ûлͷ·ߡ
Ǹ˿ʼѾ̤·
Ҳٻͷˡ
ڶһ磬Ժžͱõ졣
ɣסô꣬ûŹ
𣿡
þòϣֻǰȥ͸ŷ죬һ۾Ϳվǰ棬ɫճ㡣
ѾճҵĵˣҲµ׵һӡ
Ҳܷ׿ټôճ񾭣ܿҲ֮ѡ
һʼϢʱ𾪣ѰʱѾЩˡ
ûĺҹһҹ
׿Ѿ׶༪ˡ
֨ѽһŴ򿪣վһλŮӡ
㣿ճϳô⣿
գۣҼҰ
ճһԺӣû˼ٶ˵ȻЩʣûмһеˣ
޶˶٣ü
ճ˲ͣסˣЩʣģ
޻ָָӡ
ճ˹ȥ
ݣͿ׿ڴϣ˫۽գɫ԰ס
࡭
޸˹վſڵûʲô£ֻǳҩ˯ȥѡ
ճ齱ߣϸĿ׿ÿһ
ķ˿ʵĴС
ʱһɾ޴ľϲ֮ĵ͸š
ţ
űϵҷʱµ׵һҿͰˡ
лճһ壬ֻԼ֪˶ſסԼҪ
ȱл̾һĺӡûס
ճ̶˼
ʵһ̣Ѿʶˡ
ֻҪž㹻ˡ
ճ㽫׿ָϣû£ֻҪû¾ͺá
޳Цû뵽¾ȻǸ֡
ճ㲻ĵ٩ţûѹ֪û
Ҳûˣճ˵ûôԽܣǶ׿˵һĴ
ǰ׿죬ʧȥ˺֮˻Ƶġ
ôҲû뵽һȻҪһĴ
֪ˣɴδӵйӡ
֪ˡ޵ҡͦˡ
׿ͬ˵Լ־ʱ飬˼Ϊ£׿ûз֣ҲıԼˡ
ǼȻŹԼҲ˵Ըʵˡ
ͦˡ
ճ仰ȴ
޷׿ڵ֪Ϣʱʱճȴûߡ
ס֣ȥᶼ
Ȼ֪׿ճ㣬һкŻǣ֪ΪճĴڣ׿˼ǰе
վ˵ȻᣬмۣԲŲүԶһЩֺҩõҲһЩ
ճͷ⵹ص㣬ԸֵµˣкϿ
Լ粽׿ԱߣҲ֪ʲôʱŻ
ʶȤ˳ȥСԺѾǳҾˣôҲûȥıҪԼİһţȻӺ뿪ˡ
ֹʱкҲˡ
ֺҲҪǱй˼ҲڵĲᣬҲǸúúϢˡ
Ϊ׿ȷûд󰭣ճ
ֱ̫һεҪɽȥճŵָ¡
ǽüͷ£һ˫羵۾΢
׿˲䱻ǰˣˡ
ճͷɢţ°ϡð룬һ˫۾Ѿʧȥ˹ʣȥƣϧ
ˣ
ү׿һίĴſǻ
ճСĽοûûˡ
׿˵Բ𡭡ҡûܱס
ճûôĶ䣬͹ˡ

 95 

СԺ֮׿ճ춼ǡ
һеѾվ˼ţغ׿ҢҲſڡ
û˵£춼Ƕ֪ˣֻǴҲΪû˺ӣͨ˵Ҳû˭Ļķϣ£Ѿǲ෹̸ˡ
׿˵Ǹجġ
׿һţͱ׿Ңסʹޡ
֮ǰճѾ˵춼Ƿ飬ȻΪ׳ԩѩеңڿ׿Ң˽ںһӾˡ
׿Ң͸Ǽ׿ļ򣬿޵ĲǵԲס㰡
ѽ˺ˡǰֹס׿Ңı˵ʲôӰ׿Ļ
׿ҢǾã׿ĺġ
ǣ׿֣˾ͺãûˡ
ײѰŮӣԴ飬Ҳǿסᣬ׿쵭ЦŰο
׿ĸ׽һʱͶˡ
ӭظ
ӭظ
ֺǿŲû޳Ƕ¹׿£ֻҪһ뵽ҹ׿˴ĹɽȥĳĶһ
ڣû¡
ֺ񳶳ȻЦϿס׿ӭû뵽׿˳ס˵֣Цŵˡ
һ仰˵Ҳﲻסˣ
׿Цŵ˵˵ıӣ޵Ŀѿ

֮ļգʹ½Щ̽ˣճɴ򷢻ȥˣ׿ҪľǾճʹ粽˯šҩȻЦճƽȷҲΪӡ
ºһ죬ճϳԺ󣬾ͿһԺ轣
޾֮轣˵Ĳ䣬ǡôҲʹĿ
ճǵڶο׿轣
ÿһζӡ̡
үȻ轣ͣܵߣЦ䣬
ճעЦе۾̽﾿˶ʹٴοЦճֻĳ㡣
ô轣ˣû𣿡
׿Цһ£ü˷˼Ͽһ֦˦ճ㣬һ²֪ˣ
䣬ճŸ֦һٱ׿죬ٶȼ죬׿㣬ֻһһճʶת˷һ̤ϣһָ׿Ѿվպýסһֲ£ճȷһֳֽһ沿Ϯȥ׿һֵ£ַһճ۾ڵһȻĨЦһ粽ǰס׿·׿챻һײϵһ͹ʯͷһûվȾʧȥġ
ճջظ֦һסɵ׿
ˣӮˡ
׿ѣˣ
ճһͷˣˣ
˵˱Խôõʹأ
ճĻЦ˳ƽ׿ӮǺý
׿££ԼͷܲܣӮ
ճӹĽŵǺãˡ
׿쿴һۣƲ죬ս˱ԣӮҲû
ճε̾ӮҲҲǡ
ڣ׿ҲΪ¶Ӱ顣
ص£̵Ʒ˿ڲ衣
ճ£˵ճз顣
ϣ߾ǲֹۣѾʧˡ
׿̾˿̫ǲͬҵȥ𣿡
ţ̫ѹס׿ң۸ǿϣҪµġ
׿ͷҵȥˣٲʧء
ûԾͿʲôʱ¶ģ׿ȥˣ֪֪ζʲô
ζšϺ̫ѣ
ճüû
׿üһǲţ̫дȨҰġǰҲٽȻȥǣҿûôںȨοҲҪҪģŮȨΪݰɡ
׿ҲӪôҴŵġ
ճͷȻ֪̫󾿾ΪôǻθҹȻ̫˼֮ǲƽˡôҲҪӿС
š׿֮ͬǰү˵ġҵ𣿡
ǫ֮ǰмŻ˵˲֮ǫסһԺ춼ǵߣѾ˻ֻ֮ҪЩʬͷϵ˺۱ȶһ¾ˡ
׿˿Ҳһ
ճޭݵ±ĻҪӣұԼȥһˣһġ
ȴû뵽׿ڹϳ顣
׿Ҳ֪ճ㻰˼촽ЦЦǾȥɣ
죿ճ㵣ĵĿ׿죬·˵ô졣
׿ŤŤӣȻүһȥ
㡭
׿һЦЩӿɰұﻵˣҲСɾɽ˰ɣ

ճԻر̽౱ΪɣȻ͢Ҳûж໳ɣڶսңϲƽҲñ֤²С
ճûдŴ󲿶ӳֻһҽһȻУһ֮ǰ˵رȥĻ׿࣬춼֪²⣬ôŻعҪرȥѲǳ౱ʲô𣿻ǱҪˣ
߻ʵԶұҲǼҳ㷹춼Ǵ˼վͣˣ˵ȴϲɵĽ䱸Щճرǲǻԭأ
ճˣǳ춼ǱȥˣǵĿĵޭݣǱޡ
һյĽų̱㵽ˣ֮ǰһΣҲᳵ·
һһĿջס£˵˵֮ǰһ£ûǱҪլȥ
Ҳûֵܷ
լѾٸˣճ㲻뱩¶ԼԾҹȥ鿴
ξϲ˵ģլҹܳŮӡ
˵˶Ѿ뿪ˣ޴Ѱҡ
ճȴܾãŮӾޭݣլӸҲ˵
լ﷢ĲҰൽΣŮҲΨһͻƿڡ
׿ˣ˴һҵ
СĿ⴦լӣһ·ԶҪΪ򵥡
լӸѾûж˼ˣҵϼҼһŲϸûˣǾֳʲôҲû֪
ճ۲ܵĻʮǰƺܽˣΪլӱţȴֻסڸϲˡ
ߵլſڣϿȥǹһҵģժȥˡ
йٸķɫ»ģĿϵ֩
Ѿ̫ãʱ̫ˡ

 96 

ĸûƻϵķȺǽϷ˹ȥеȼֻѣԺľ˼֡
ԺѾǵһˣԶԸӻЩӡŻĴһȦʱ쵽һ˿
ճע⵽ı仯ʣôˣ
ԺͷүҾ֮ǰĲһ
ߵߣļ磬ﲻһ
־Ż⿴һȦҲ˵ǾﲻԾ
׿컷һȦԺӵĸ֣Ǻܱ׼Ľṹûʲôر֮ԺǱٸĴţͨԺ䷿һǸլСסģڶѾòŴѾõˣԺ̾͵ʯ·ðӲݡ
һǻķˡ
ճ࣬ȥ᷿ͰȥߣκҪŹעⰲȫ
ǡ
̷ֿжճǰ棬׿һ߽š
᷿ѾȫһϣСĵ˹ȥǾһصĻҳ
ճûѽ᷿Ϊ֣ΣǴ̣ӦþϢĵط
׿űӣ˼Ĺӣȫǿյġ
˶һۣլߵʱӦǰжˣ˵ߵĲǺܴæ
˼Ҿ֮⣬ûκõҲԭ·˳ȥкǱҲһ
ĸһ£ߡ
ڶԺӣŵһã©ȣսǴͨ󷽵Ľš
Ϲһңͷ̫˴ҶϵּѾˡ
Ҷ·һɽˮֵĶжԳưڷżźľΡ
һ۾ͿĵطȫûϢ
ߣһС԰ǰԺӦ໨ݣѾȫƳһţҪڣľήˣĲݵĸ߶ûǵ
׿Ѿȫ·סˡ
Ц˵û£ǲһ·԰ʺϴǾôȥġ
⻰һ䣬͵ؼһ£սʱĲͬʲôˡ
ôˣճ
ү֪ˣеɴ۾ϴʬʱЩԺӶϸˣ԰˸飬⼸ԺӵĵȫǽʱſȻҲңȴһûУ԰棬ЩεĲݡǡǱȥһ
һ˵꣬˵ɫüΪѿ
˵У˵լֹ𣿡
йճüߺˡ
еͷɻΪʲôҪЩȥأ
׿ҲҧҲǲﱻƻأ
ʱӺ洫һ죬ʲôˤ
ĸ໥һۣճüǹȥ˵
ִţڵĵط
зʮ߾ʬԺӣ˿һǿڿݾԱߣֽǮ
ĸ˶ڰϸĹ۲š
׿СĶճ˵ôֽܵ᲻ǡ
ճҡҡͷҲ̸ʹ˸ɫ
еͷһ˳ȥ
ԭΪǰŻǸֵˣ֪֮͵رסͷ
ɱңɱңɱң
һӦ˶Щȡ
ҹլֽˣȻһ޸֮ϸˡ
ҲЩΣæšǺˣɱġ
գգ۾㲻ɱң
̯֣ԩ޳ΪʲôҪɱء
ʱҲѾӰ˳ſǼʱЩֽĻ˶ûע⵽
׿߽ʣţôֽ
ǰɺüʵ˭ô
ǡи˵ͱ׿ţ·˵أ˵լֹ棬Բ
̾˿ֹֻ˿µ˲ŻẦ£
׿쿴Ⱒź֪ʲôһʵţôôֽǲǺլİʲôϵ˵ǰʱ䣬ٸڳʮʬأ
û뵽׿һ£ǰžֱӿ
ճ㻥һۣԽᶨ뷨źпܾϲ˵ŰڶҹܳŮ
׿찲οʹİţţҪʲôί͸˵һ㣡
Ų˲ӣܰʲô˶ôˡ
׿ţȻܸǸϴԩҪЩŬԩϣԶҲܰġ
ŵ˫ͨ죬˵ļ򵥣ЩԩǲϴġУϹͷҲˡ
ǵİţֻҪ˵һΪϴȥԩǻġ
ǣЩãĿ
׿ͷţֻҪլӵ꾿ʲô飬Ǿһ£
˵ͷѾ̫ˡ
ʮǰլܼҵĴŮȻǹܼҵŮլʵҲ㲻ˡ
ĸ׺үүլլӵ˶Ǻܺãһһ
լӵһСԺļҡ
ڣסĸסú͵ܵܡ
ȻƽһֱҸֱһ˵ĳ֡
˭
ҡҡͷҲ֪˭լӵ죬˶ȥԺֻҵԺǸ˴һӤ
׿üӤ
ûһӤ
ʱĸҲܵûãǸӤͺ͵ܵһĸ׵̡
Ӥһĳլе˶ڲ²⣬˭ĺӣ
լ˵̬Ҳ֣ÿ۴˭լǻܴܴһֱӰ˺˳ȥ
Ҳʹףɸ˸ʣɴһ١
ǸкΪլ˾֪ܡ
أ
Ųᣬһ죬լӵ˴кͼҾ˵Ҫȥ棬׺Ǿլû뵽ǡߵĵڶ죬ɱˣɱʮ˿ˣҵĸסĸסú͵ܵܣȫ˵Ľ¡
ôȥģ
ʱںԺľƽƣԲŻ
ûпɱֵò
ŵͷȻ棬˫۾һӶѪ۾
Ǻأ
ɱְѴҵܵܵʬ塣
ܵܣΪʲôֻܵܵģ
ҡҡͷҲ֪һǸصкйأլӵԺҲûл

 97 

ŷϾɵӣ˻ѣ˾ΧһŰŽ¡
׿ʣ鷢֮ȥأլӻʲôֵ
̾˿۷⣬֮һֱںɽСľұլ˻֮˵ĳǸûٻ
˵žͺ׿ֻðοţΪʲôأ
١ôұ٣ű˲þҵﱻɱ֮ûճϢʹˣ˵⸮飬ȫ¶ʧˣв˲²ǲ˱˸ɱˣ֪ǹٸ˵ѾԺ鿴ˣ˵ֻǰ˶ѣûʲôֵģиʵľֱӱץԴ˺û˸ҹլ飬ҵʱ¼ˣֻܵɽȥţɽϴ˼ҲŷӦٸլôܿصʬأҾͳҹ͵͵˻ҷҵʬ岻֪ʲôʱӽ˾
׿üô˵Щʬ岻㶪ȥģ뿪ֳ֮
ûʶլ˸ǳȥˣǴǸкԼļҾˣ
׿쵹һ̧ۿ˿ճ㣬ŵĵܵܿǸкˡ
ţںú룬ûʲô鷢
ҡҡͷ֮լӾûκ˿ˣֱǰʱһ˷ǰʬ壬ٸŲɾǷʬʲôãûԸȥôģҲûں
׿쿴ŻյֽǮٻǵǣԸ˵ࡣģһȥúõģ
ǰס֣Сӣܰѩ׮ӣҽԸţǣ
˵žϿͷ׿æסʹãһġ
ллллǣ 
׿쿴촽Щ÷ϣɵЩۣţסﰡȥɡ
ҡһ£һסɽϵСľ
׿һ㶣ʮһֱס𣿡
ŵͷ׿Ȼսѵ
ѾϰɽϵˣƽʱֻиֽŻԴⳡ֮Ѿˣһɽ
׿۵ĲţǾɽȥ
áл
˴ӺԺһƶСŴ˳ȥС·ֱϺɽΪ˪Եʣ׿СĲŰţһѯЩϸڡ
ţһֱ˵լˡլ˵˭
ȻǴСⳤģʵһֱҲֻһ˿Ժլ˵ԺʵǲǽȥġֱֻլӵǵغͲˣıʲôҲ
ܸ֪ʲôɣ
ԣҶү
׿üԣ
ճͷȻϡ
ͷһ̽ʣţǽȥʱԺĻݶ˻ȥ𣿡
һ䣬׿̳۾
һ£ȻҼǸӣϾҵ֮ء
̨ףͣסŲָָһŵСľݵסĵطˣллϹͷСҾͲǽȥˣլ֪Ҳôˣϣܰҵףллˡ
˰ȥݣ׿סţİɣϢһ֪ͨġ
лл㣬Сӡ
ĿŰŽݣĸ˻ٵɽ
ԽԽɴͣס˽Ų
׿ĲԾҲͣסŲôˣ
ͷȻ˦˦ܾﲻԾ
Цһô˭Ծ
ǵģ˵ʵոѾ˵˻Ҫ࿴һۣ¾˵©ˣֻҪϸһ»ǻ֣ǰȴ˿ûлɡ˵Լǵһȴ˵˻԰֮ǰƻϢǸûעأǡ
üӦûע⵽ɣŸոտȥ˸еӣҲעû档
ƵĵͷҲܰɡ
׿룬Ÿ첲ۣȷʵﲻԾ
ճ߽ʣ뵽ʲôˣ
׿һոհ˵һ仰˵ԸɽȥסԭǣűˣΪʲôǵʱ˿ûлɣͰЩأ
еͷ԰űЩʮ꣬ȴô׵Ķ˵ˣ
ճ㿴˼ǣǹǵģ
׿ԭתȦڽʱı鲻ǼٵġȷʵЩΡ
СճȻڵǸϴ·֯ͣгͨĿʽ˵ԼɽΪֽ⣬ӲɽҲ⡣
׿첻ɵõɴ۾ү벻Բϻоأ
۵һЦ֪ճΪʲôԲоΪԼһλ绨ķ
ȡճһڿλȷʵ濴ô򵥡
ҪҪȥ
ָָɽ˵Сľݣ
š
ճ㿴׿죬Ȼͷȥ
ĸѸٵɽСľݵĵԶԶķ⡣
߽׿ǰȥţţţ𣿡
һҲţ׿첻ü
߿ճ
һ߿ţϵǣСľݸסĵطǹɽ˶ܷѩĵطֻһЩ𣬺ͼ򵥵湤ߡ
Ȼ⣡ĴҲûӰһۿɼСĻκӰ
үô죿
ճ߽ȥȼе͵ƣʵĹյůůġ
ȼһ£ûʲô
׿̾ﲻ֮Ӧòʲôˡ
үнӡӦɽĽӡ
ճü£ԶĻҪӡȻѾˣε¶סˡ
СľŻĴ̽ţͻȻһɫĲϣϸһԭһƽ
ү㿴
ǡƽ
Ц⸽ֻһ
׿쾪ϲüǾȥƽˣ֮һȥһŵģ
û͵صͷǸϽ߰ɡ
ճͷǲܶȥǵʱޣֿжɡ
УȥҺͰȥһط
׿ʣȥģ
ճҾ˵ĻδȫǼٵģȥסү˭ǸصӤȥġ
á

 98 

׿ھ¥һӵĲЩΣߵգգۣүǲҪȥլӵ⡭
ճ㲻ŲæļһҪ飬ҲҪӡ
ҲҪôɣԵ°
ճʢһŸոЩοҲ֪ķ˺ϲθڣԸɴ඼
׿쳶˳ǣճ㽫ԼǰĿ뽥ѳСɽεЦ£ֻܹԹԵԼ
ճ㿴ˣԼҲӳЩšζйоأǴʱԵҪʶˡ
׿ٵĳһ룬ȻԼĶӵұ
ճȡһȥǲա
ɺչˡ
һĻɱſڵһСлӿȥ׿ʱ
찭ԼװҲúճ̫׽ˣԸϽճӵԼԼ
ճҲЦЦ
˶˷һӵĲҲû˶٣׿ҧҲ̫˷ˡ
ճüȷʵҿǲˡ
׿ƫͷȥҪοճ㣬ÿǽл۰Ͱ͵Ŀһ
۾һˣ
׿Сл֣Сл˽
λүң
׿ЦӯӯǲǶˣ
Сл۽һӲ˵ͷ
׿ЦЦһ˫Ӹ㲻⣬Щԣ⻹кüûжġ
Слһô˶ԣ۾æ˵ⲻ⡭ĿԳ𣿡
СлӲɵÿճ㣬ճҲͷСлӿɾͲٿˣҲû˵ȥ׿ݹĿӣһѾͳһ
׿Ͻһԣġ
ɱ¥ϰˣæ߹˭ģҳԿ˵Ĳˣҿִ˰ɣˡҺȥ
Слһһ߱żһ߶㵽׿ȥ
׿æϰ˵һ£ҽнģҲԵġ
ϡλүǺĳֻǡϰΪѵϾʱ¥һؤӰ˰
׿һʱҲЩΪѣͷ˿ԵСؤЩġ
ѵҪϳȥ
λϰ塭ʱһԵճ˵˻ȡһӷϣ˭òףȥǣһʧ⡣
һϰɫ̱ˣճ㣬ôҲǸƲ磬ǸϽӣˡ
׿첻ɵĹ𴽽ǣСؤϣĳ԰ɣˡ
Слӿճµӣ۾ֱˣûһؤôˣʲô˰
Ҳ֪Щ²ʣרĿмȱȽϺá
׿쿴̻ʵӣɵмָпӦúͶ󣬿ȷȫͬҲ޷ȥȽһָΪˣΪԶ֪һʲôֽʲô
ճ㿴Щ񣬳˳֣ʲôأ
׿켯лעҡҡͷŶûʲôǲҪȥѾʲôƻ
ճ˵ͷ⻹߸ģ˵ÿطа֪ʲôʾͶˡ
׿룬Ǹȥأ
ճһ㶼ӵĵطռϢͷϢ˵⸽һУҲǿȥʡ
š
СؤҲŵģһҪȥУЩסˡ
УǲȥУ
ճٿüͷΪʲôܣ
СؤճɫֱţЩǡǳ˵ĵطû·һᱻƵġȥȥһҪңһҪңǸҶԾҵĶˣҲẦǵģңҪȥ
ճȥһҪȥأ
Сؤһºһ°ף˰죬յͷȥСһҪȥǡҴȥ

ɽȻط󣬵ȴһֱ˷ǳ࣬Ϊʮǰһλ˵ˡ
λ˾ڵ¡̫󣬵¡ʺ
ʮǰʺ˵ޣţǱһҲԽԽˡ
ϺеĻͷֲʣȻˣΪβȥʺ޵լԺȥأʺסҪ˵и֮˵Ҳ︣ɣ
Ϻлرû˵ʱԱһ˵İɡ
ô𣿡
ҡҡͷǲġ
Ϊʲô
̾˿С˵˶֪ʺʱסլӣйŹ֣
棬ôŹˣ
լڰҹǻᴫӵĿö˶ˣ˵ܶûӤլʱǰЩӤķظƻˣԲŻôŹ֣
кһۣʣ˵ӤĿʲôʱֵģ
˵ǻʺסȥԺɣ˿ʼôˣҲû̫⣬һҲˣ֪˵ģԺҶ㶼㲻˭ҿ
ʣڻп𣿡
ҡҡͷھͲ֪ˣԴӻʺعԺլӾͻķˣľԶ͸û˿ˣ˵һúõĻʼұԺҪΪֹôô궼ûɹ϶⡭
ȻĵͷֹӤޡȷʵҲô˵Ӧ˲СӰ졣
ֹֻȷ£˹Ϊ֮»дȶ
лʱʱӴſ߽һ̫̫
һ۱ϳһ˹ȥ
ţһֱɽϴôôԶ
λҹլӺԺǸֽİţкڴѾ۰Ͱ͵ĵһ硣
ȡһƽǰǲΪģ
һƽˣ⡭ô⣿
еǼ񵽵ģ𣿡
ǰ͵¿ˮȻ͵ؿѽҿҵˣҵġҵҵƽû뵽ҸŪˣһʦһء
пϷɵİţѾȥСľˣ㲻ٷѾ˼ƭˣ
ǣһסˡ
ʣʲôˣΪʲôҪƭǣ
ûƭǡ˵Ķģ
Сľô£ΪʲôҪ˵Լסɽϣ
˲ĬֹһŲ촽һˣô˵ġ

 99 

Сؤлӣ޸ĸ¶һһֱΪû뵽һһµѳʳ˷ϰ塣
мѣѾܾûгôˡ
û뵽λ˾ȻҪȥǿǸ˳˵ĵط˴Ľ»汻˶ϣѸƤѱ
˼ǰ˰죬Լǰȥ
λӡǰһ־ǹˡ
׿˵ˣΪˣЦЦ˵ã֪ˣͲøǽȥˡ
һɫɷףеģҴǽȥ
㣿׿쿴ͷðĺЩġ
ӵͷǲȥҰǸ˺ܹŹֵģʶˣǲġ
ճü˼ǡʶ
ʶҡͷ֪һʶҴȥ
׿ճһۣҲֻˡ
ֹһ֣ǰǹˣ׿Ĵ˿ЩʧΪǺرһأҲûʲôһ
·Ǹָ̯λʲôĶУʳﵽӦоУ㲻֣żмЦߺȡ
ǰ·׿ţԵĴ·ߵӣ
ͻȻͷҪĴҲҪ̯λϵĶ
Ϊʲô׿첻ʳڣע⵽ϵ۹⡣
Щ˵۹ԲֻǺ棬ЩϷ˼׿оһ˿ơ
Ϊʲôǣ
ճס׿СۣСȲȥҵҪ
׿ͷһ²һ£ճ˵öԣҵΪ
ʱӺȻͣһŻ˼£һһĻ֦չŮ˴š
Щȣӣôһ
׿ճ㶼һӶʱ˵ҡҡ
˵˰Ҳû˵ҶȴѾע⵽ˡ
ӴҶﳯգۣȻȥ׿죬λİɡ
˲ˣϽסҶӣǲģǣ
ǣҶͣסɫһӱüΪѿʲôģ
ӲţȥҰҶүæ
Ҷü
׿ͷ˳Ʊȭæһ
ҶʮɫɣһԲűߣЦ£ϣǲɣҸȥˡ
׿ʣֺʱ
Ҷﵯָҿɲ֪ôõģ˭֪ȥķַã
⡭׿ΪѵĿճ㣬ȴճһֱڶŻӿĻŲӣͨ졣
Ҷ׿գգۣҪҵǿ԰æ
ģ
Ȼġֻ⡭
ճüֻʲô
ҶΪѵЦ£Ұ̽Ϣ˶ȥˣ˵ͼģ㶮ɡ
ָ׿Ȼĵͷ̵ףģ³֮Ǳл
ҶĬĬջ֣˸ۣϡ³֮һȥ
׿֪ǲǮͼ˵˼ʣãʣ
ҶһЦһڼۣ
׿쾪ţ˭ϣҶ¡
˵Ҫֻһ취һ֣Ҷʻ˭ܴ
һ˵һ߽ͷ׿ע⵽ѾΧһȺϵˣĿء
ŵˣʹȥɣҵĶˣˣ
ҶһǸʲôҲ飿׿ճ㣬λӣ۸ѾˣܲܳɾͿˡǹȻˣҾͲܵ
ǲˡճȻ۵лǡ
һס׿תҪߣ˲䱻Χס
Ҷ￿űߵĵλӣʲôط벻Ͳģ㣡ڹоûвɵ
׿عͷʲôǲæȻ㲻Ը߱ǣΧʲô˼
ϡҶһЦûиеĹ˵Ķ򣬲ܻ۲˻һʼҪôǮҪôʲô߳ȥĵ
Цճһҽվʲôַ߲أ
˲䣬Χ˲֪Ӻδó˵׿ճ㡣
ҶҲЦ⣬ǾͿӲҵĵ죡ˣҶι
һ£ճһȻץס׿ֵһϢԼ
ҶЩ𾪣Ҫһ˶ôˣ
ճͷԿʼ𣿡
һ䣬һ̤Ųڼ˵ز࣬Χס˲䵹ȥһƬ
ҶЩˣкһӵϣʱճûȺˡ
׿쿿һߵǽϣ˳ְѻ˹
ӵĵʣһˣ᲻°
׿˿ĵҡҡͷЩ˵Ĺ򣬸˵ճ㣬ǵһ㶼ģЩϷ顣
ȻһյĹ򣬹еһأճ˵վȺ֮УȻ
̲סƽкãӺ
ҶվЩˣ׿ʱڿճ㣬ûʲôͻȻű߳һѴžͳ׿ȥ
Сģճü
׿Ȼ廹ȫָʢʱҪԸһҶﻹǴ´ģһһһţҶĵ֡
׿˳ƽҶߣǯסĺ𶯣

ճ߹̧üҶڿԴȥ𣿡
ҶһίſǻˣôܶһŮӶأ
׿ƫͷһЦôҲŮӰ
οҲǴˡ
׿Щȥ򡭡Сɡ
ҴȥҴȥ
շת˼Ҷǽһӣģ߹źڿһͷ档
׿ſҶԼĺԬпˣ
ԬƵĻعͷ۾˿Ƶĵôˣ
ˡҶ˦˦ָָ֣ˣҸˣʲôԼİɣִյԬĶ˵Сĵ㣬˿ɲʲôƲ磡

 100 

Ҷߺճ׿ǰȥЩһ¡
Ԭһ£Ȼ˵ǰϵӣһдšСһǮһдšʮ
׿ͷԽܣҪȥǮǮͿճ㲻֪óһӣžһϡ
Ԭ۾ֱˣ⡭
ճüֻҪʵشҵ⣬ЩͶġ
Ԭ¶ݴЦúúáʲô
йнѾõլӡ
ͻȻԬЦݽסˡ
ô㲻֪
ǲֻ֪Ѿʮǰˣʮﶼû˹ʣôȴô˴
ճüʲô˼˵б𣿡
Ԭ̾˿ǰȷʵʹ£ûãլڳʮ߾ʬ塭ꡭ֮װ
ڳʬдģѯʵľС
׿ǲǵµˣʲôˣ
ԬͷǵãһźߵŮӡ
Ԭ˵ǰһǸźߵŮҲǺ˦һǮҪլӵ顣
Ԭû⣬˵˵ž;òԾŮӵĿִ֣߿峤࣬ʲôݡ
˵ˣôһˣֳ֮ʮ߾ʬİӣԬʶԡ
Ȼûãˡ
׿ͷ˵ŮӲԾﲻԾ
Ԭ°ͣʼֻ˵ķʽŤףŮӦòǱˣһЩʾ÷ϺǶͬͺ˵ѾԱˡ˵ǡԣұˡȻҲе˼ǱŤҾһǴˡ˵ǻеǱߵġ
󣿣׿һ㶣ȷ
ԬӴһˣһģֻ˲ŻѺаԵĶߣͼڰ
ճͷ⵹ûڴ˱ֲܿĶȴż顢ǻۡ
׿ЩģͻȻ£Ϊأ
ңƺҪ֪ĸ࣬Ҷ졣
ԬǸﶼʲô⣬һҪǣ
ҡ
䵹ǰʱǸ
ʣʮǰլǷһк
У׼ȷ˵
кȥģ
һԶ߸߷ɣһɥȪ
Զ߸߷ɵǸǲǲǸǸ
˸иò֮˵
һʷǲһк֮һкͲˣ
ǡ
ǹЦҲµû
ԬĻȻֹ׿һ㶣Щ
ԬͷЩ˵ҲµûȷһЩµģ˽һЩµġ
Ҳ˵ЩѾ֪ˣҪһ϶Ĵ𰸶ѡ׿첻üճ㣬Ѿ֪ȥѾǰˡ
ճ˿˵ȲҲȻʵ¡
ԬһЦʣҲģֻҪǮ̸£
㣬ʮǰլӵ˭
幣ǻԼҵıף޹޾ΪԼŴڴ˵ҲŰ裬˸ǡ
ΪʲôҪͻȻߣ
ǰôǵߵģ
ߣճ㶨񣬡Ϊʲôߣ
ߵĵڶҹլͱѪϴˣ˵Ϊʲôӣ
ǵʲô𣿡
Լǻ׹ݣ̫Լұҵ飬˵õʲô˲Ӱ
˼ǣ
˾ԼҲҵ˵׵
˭
ԬȻͣסָǶӣЦ£Ǹܣ
ճִȡһӷϣĴ⡣
ԬֺǺǵİѽõԼߣ˾ǡ㡡
Ȼ㡣׿𾪵վ˵˵
ԬЩŭ⣬⿪ģžǮʣžȥ
ճ㵹ǲΪ׿£ţ˵Ϊ㡣ԲߵǸ޻̸֮ɱܵﶼһլŵİӣǽģһбҪý𣿡һѶԬŵĽ𶧣Ȱ㻹ʵʵĻش⣬һڴ˿̵ѡ񡣡
ԬճŵҶͷʱðϸܵĺ
ˡҹңû˵ҵլӵ飬ٸ֪㶫ģʲô֪ааɣ˵˵
ճſ֣ͳ˵
幰ǰһԼҵıףûʲô۵ģת۾ͳھͶʮһꡣһ껹ǻӵȢ˵ʱԼҵŮҲڵ̫ͱ˶λ֮սԼҵ֮ͦµ˻λҲͱΪ˻ʺ󣬿һ꾰ãദ󺵣Ϊ˻ʺԸΪӦ֪ʺȥɣ
׿ͷ
ûʱﻹޭݣݣȻҲǸֵĵطǱȽ΢ģʺѡʱ֪ܶ軹ôСطȻʺ֮סڳǱ޽լԺɵҲסޭݣԻʺҲżȥլ֮干һԶСʺôݣȥլҲЩװɣ
ճü㵽˵ʲô
ԬЦ£û˵ʺ޵ԺʱᴫӤĿ
С
ǿ϶ΪֹɣʵǵġһӤڿޡ
һӤ׿Ȼǰ˵ĻլҲȥһӤ
ûԬ˵۷Ź⣬Ӥǻʺͱ˵˽ӣΪ£ںǰļ¾˷ųҥԣ˵ҹլпôΪʲôʵΪڸӤޣ
׿Ѿ˵ˣճɫҲÿ
Ԭ˵ӤһЩ֮󣬾ͱ͵լլܼҵҲûã⺢ӵȻ⺢ӣȴûа취ֻ幰ҲµʺҪΪģǺȻԼУԼڳǵһȫĵطѺطþ춼ԶһЩпܰˣ˻ʺŻѡôһСط
׿첻ͣȵ˵ʺȻһ˽ӣ
Ԭͷʺ˸¾˺ӣʱ˵˵ȫУʺ󻳵ǻϵֺ֣αأ
ǡǸأڻ𣿡
ԬĸĪЦ£ҾͲ֪ˣ϶£ô֪أ
⻰ʲô˼
㻹ǵǸʵǲլӣһͲһˣ
׿ͷǵã⵽ʲô˼
ԬԼĹͷ˼ǡϵһ£ɱǸӣֻϧһˣǱɱִߵкʬ壬ǻʺ˽ӡ
ճüȴΪӱɱˣ
ûԬԣϲûкͻʺΪʱֽлΪ̫󡣡

 101 

׿λϣƽԼĺܵȷ󣬴Ʒǰľơ
ԬӣҲ˵幵㡣
ճʼüͷС춼ǳԶЩȫ֪⵹̫ܽΪҲûа㡣Ǻռҵġ
׿æʣ˽ӵ̫˭ģ
ԬЦ£Ҳѹǲ֪ϾѾȥʮ꣬˭ǵ´ɽ⣬һ÷ĸأ
´ɽ
û´ɽ
׿Щȣ´ɽ춼ǲԶҲǸСطΪ֪ܶ׿֮Լǵ֣Ϊһλ
̫֮
λǲµʲôˣ
׿Щţҡҡͷܰɡ̫ڽ֮ǰһֱڻԼңôʶĺ̫أ
Ԭڰ֣ʲôܵģ´ɽԼҵĹϽ֮ڿȡ֮ǰԼҵĽأ
ʲô׿۾ϴ󣬡ôû˵
ԲΰȻ̫ΪʲôҪԼҵĹϵأʺ֮󣬺֮;νƽƣһĺӵܣô̫λãǧ˵ǿԼ̫ƢôŹ˭֪ûڱٳ㹻Բˡ
ˡɡ׿컹š
Ԭһһֹ⹬ͷ°أΪܷģ˵ʵ֪ĿɶˣŲ㡣
ճ˼һ⣬˵Щû֤ݿ֤̫ȷʵͺ֮һ˽ӣ
ԬҡͷûСô֤ǰǸҵѪס
׿ü취̫ˣǸĶҲ̫Ժûٻع´ɽˣҲû˵ʲô֮ġ
һӶû𣿡
еУֻ̫һӣǵı麫Զ̫˽ӡ
ԬһЦΪʲôܣ
Ϊ׿룬ǾܰԼĺӷȻƤӵ£֪֪̫ΨһһŮǳǼ޸˺Զĸĸ׻ԼŮ޸Լӣⲻܡ
ˣԬûʲô飬ճȴһ¡
׿߰ɡ
Ͳ𣿡
ճҡҡͷӦҲûʲôܸˡ
Ŷ׿쿴˿Ԭ޹¼磬ֻõš
ߺԬ춼ϲ£İѸյڻȥһһźߵӰ¶˳
ϣһ
˵ˣ
˵˵ˣĻ˵ˡ
ܺãһӣõõġ
ѽԬһӰ׻ӣ춼ҪЦˣæͷл
ٻʱͻȻһذ״Ӳಱһеû
ǽ˵࡭ûн˵ҵݡˡǡ֪Ҳûϵı䲻˽ֵġֿһǰˣ·˲ذף㻰Ĵۡ
׿ճ߳ʱɫѾȫһսǣ·϶һˡ
׿ϳӣô⣿
˽̧ͷһһףǿ˸Цʱ۵ġ
׿߽ϸ鿴һ˭ģңҰ
ӡӡסԼû£ҲСˤġ
һ˴ģôˤóأ
ǲҶȺ˴㣿
ӡû£ǧҪΪȥҶˣ˸ʲôһͲˡ
׿쿴ӣ۲ѣһӶѣӡ
ӡǣʵл˵
ţ˵
ʵҡ
ԭӲֻǸСؤʵǰҶС
ӺСʱû˵ֺֻܿ͵ȥҶм˻ȥӴ֮㿪ʼӴе⡣
֮ԽйУΪĶرһ㶼ϼĺñĹҲرǲܻ۵ģ̼ҪҪ٣һĸʲôͱ
ȻܲƽкܶǮ˺ѰӣҪľЩҪôǮ£Ҫô¡
Ե˵׿ճҪʱԣɲɵҪҵƫƫסڹ
û취Դǹ
û뵽ȴҶΪҲǱӴĿˡ
λӡĺܱǸΪңǲŻᱻΧסˡ
׿˵꣬ЦԭҪ˵ľѽ
ʵճ׿ѾӵˣֻǾҲûЩ˶Ӳˡ
ûϵ㿴ⲻǺúõ㲻ԸҵǺܸм㡣ֻǡϾǳ֮ƣ㻹СǸЩе
ӵЩãʲôᣬÿ֪Լܻܲ̫ȻҶ¡ֻһؤҵ˵㲻ʲô̧Ц£¶ÿСӡһҪллǡԵǶٷⱲӳԹóԵһ٣ѾܾöûϣÿӳԹˡ
׿ۿ죬Դû˺֮͸ӵĳˡ
ճע⵽׿仯ס֣ȻԻ˵ԸԸߣ
ӵ۾һߣ
Ը⣬͸ɣܲڵĲ
˵꣬תק׿ˡ
׿컹Щûճ㣬Ҫߣ
ô㲻룿
ǲǲǣ׿첦˹Ƶҡͷֻǵģ鲻
ճ㵭ȻĵȻǰߣֻǰѰһȥ
׿ЦԽľճˣȻ黹ģ۵׵İ׹⣬ȴ˳Ѿõĺڰ
æͷȥֻԭãĵţ˹
صջ׿Ȱ˻ӣȻصǵķ䡣
к˿̻û׿ճ˱Ŵǰ֪Ϣ
׿ӳͷү˵Ԭ˵ĵǲģ̫ĺͺ̫˽𣿡
ճŲͷҲûпܣ㻹ǲú˵Ļ
׿Ȼ˵갵ӰΪ֪飬ԲűȻóģ
ûȻʶ԰Ӱ˴ɱģпǰӰѾʲô֤ݣȻȫɱҲŹһ
׿쾪Ǿ鱻ͱ˳ùҲԼңȻΪҪڸأ
ˣȻʵĴͺڻϵĴһģҪԼңԾԲԼҳ¡
׿ͷ㡻ǿ֪ʺñӣȴпԡ
׿̾Ǹӵأֻ̫һӰɺԶֲǣǻ˭أ
ճ룬´ҲԶأ
ôܣ׿췴̫ĶӣǳҲ̫ĺӣôأôͺأ
ճһӳĬƬ̧̺ʵһһֱûи㡣
ţʲô£
ճµ˵졭ǳǵĸʵǰޡ

 102 

ճѰ޵ͬ׿Ľһ飬ЩǸ˵޲ϣ´ȥҵʱ㻳У֪̫Ծûи㡣
׿ŵĲ豭Щˣĵʣ֪𣿡
ճҡҡͷǻ֪
׿һֱ޷һ캫֪Ρ
ԡԶпܾ̫̫ĺӣ
ûճ˵Ȼܲ˼飬ûпܡ
׿ҧ̫ˡҲûа취ȥӡ֤µǲģ𾪳Ұ£ûʮ֤ݣºѽŷ
ճüͷ˵Ķԣû֤ܹ֤ô¾;˵
׿侲ֻܵȻȥԺٺúʺ糣갵Ӱǲʲô֤ݣȻҲûбҪ˴ľģðӰһɡ
ճ˼ҵΪӰʲô֤ݣҲӦ׿
ҵ
šôҪĶ׿ϽһԱ棬˼û٣һύ㸸ס
׿ҡͷҵʲô֪û
ճüҲ׿Ͻֻǽûиʲôأһ룬׿Ͻûʲôǣ
п϶С׿ҼͷĶ̫ˣҪ˵ʲôرģ
׿ǰһˣүүһӡ
ӣ
ûǸһֱڸ鷿ǿ
׿û˵ʲô
˵үүʲôҾͲ֪ˡ
ճ϶ĵͷ֤ݣǾһ棡
ǵһȥ֮ҵӿ֪ˡ
˸üĿ˽Ų
ճһ
Ȼкʹλ˽
ⰢŵĴҹνˣҹһص̫̫ٿͷŷ٣žµΣϵ·Ҳࡣ
λŹȻƭǡ
һֹǻץʲôʲô֪ˡ֪Ķˣ
вŲȥתͷ˵ǲµûⰢŹȻƽ֮׼ȥһǵץסˡ
׿ǰţο˵ţ£ûֻҹЩģɽȥҲˣҵɽϵСľҲѾȥˣûĺۼǲƭǣ
ҡ৵һ¶ͨ죬ЩطƭǡҲʲô˰ɣҹĵլȥ˭֪ǰʲôİҡҷһʲô𣿡
Ȼû׿ЦͣǽҪ֪ƭǣ˵ĻϹ𣿡
Ȼǣ̷ϣЩ鶼ģ
ȻģΪʲôҪ˵Լסɽϣ
ҡűˣһҧɴʵ˵˰ɣʵլ֮͵ȥˣլ﷢ô£ҵʱһСʲôأֻ͵͵ȥҪǰʱլͻȻڳҵʬ壬ǵȥģ
׿Щ飬ƺҲ⣬ϾŵҪǰߵģ˭Ըⱳôصļϡ
㻹û˵ΪʲôҪƭסɽϡ
żеΪΪҺңǰѾȥˣҪǸ˱ңζȥģ
Ǹˣճۣ˵˭㣬ʲô
źʶԼʧ͵סҡͷʲôû˵һ
пճ㣬̳ڰŵĲԣ˵
ǰº͹˺Ȼ飬Ŷʱŵû
׿첻ɵ̾˿Щ˾սɱˣʲôýԵһ޴İţвŵʲô˵ˡ
׿ϿǰȥеĽ£ߣȻһЦţ£ֻҪµȥǣ֤һ˺㣬ԻصԼԭȥȥ㣡ʲô˵ҲˣϴƢɲ̫á
˵һڵϣ޵ɱңɱҡ˵˵
ǰһ˺ȻҼң˵֪ǵլŰеҴߣʱһΪҪɱҵģֻ˵֪һЩ顭͸ʵҲ࡭˵֮ˣҵʱΪ¾ȥˣǰǸˣвÿȥլš
ţ
û˵˵ȥšһ
ճü𣿡
ǡǡǰɡ˵мҵ£Ұǡɱҡ
׿첻⣬ǣ
ԣࡣ˵Ķģ˲ٴ֮⣬ûƭǣ
ճʣǸ˭
Ҳ֪ߣҲ֪
׿￩һ£ǲǡźߣ
סô֪
׿쿴˿ճ㣬ճɫҲÿ
˶ˡ
ճ˼˶֮˵ͰŻȥɣԺ󲻻ȥˡ
ģ̴ӵллллǣ˵ͺɵĿ߳ȥ
ү׿ߺļǽô죿ΪʲôҪѾ˼ĵ£ҪðŰǣ
ճҡҡͷ֪һǿȷ֪Ҫ࣬ѾǰˣǰŻǰ
һͷˮ˵ʲôأʲôˣʲôϵ
׿Ҫͣоʹ˽ϻվһֻࡣ
ȵСףôˣ
дŴҸ濴ģСš
ճɫһ䣬
ͽдģ˵Ƕ߾սңۺԼҾƵƵʧأѾ˵ˡϵǶսԶ󽫾մ̣֧Ԯս
׿дǣȻս˼ҡҲ֪ôˣ
ճʣϻ˵𣿡
еͷͽ˵Ѿ˴Ѷȥȥ
֪ˡ
׿쿴ǣ
ߵҲˣǾ̻춼ǣ׿һߣ̫ͻϵʧ⣬ԻϲŻἱһȥ
ү˼ǡ̫˻ԻϷ𣿡
ճü˵׼Ͼ̫ģҪʲô׿ͱ˭סأ
ģ׿ס֣Ϊڱϻ춼ҲҪʱ䣬ʵݣȥֻҪһʱ䣬һϵϣ
š

 103 

ҹ麫Զͱּҹȥˣֻûȥ·
һ̫˱ϸ˰ס棬Ҫκ˽
̫ʱϣ֪ʲôԶزμ̫
̫ҹʲôҪ£
һ̷СѾǣǶȥ̼ʣˡ
̫һƽĴģϬѾˣͶ֡
ʲôԶһ˵죬Ϊʲôô
ʲô̫ЩΪһѾﻮô꣬ôõĻᣬһҲٵˣ
ԶɫüΪѿ̫󣬴¹ش󣬻ٵȵȰɣ
ȣҾǵȵ̫ˣԲŻɽľ棡۾һУݺݵʱǾͷңǵģЩɱԭΪõģܺÿƣͻȻðճ㣬ֵ밧ԣϵĵӿԽԽˣѾҵ涥ײˣߡҾԲٵˣٵȥ¾ͳճˣ
ԶȻҲүͷʢˣԺǸвʱðǺ°̹򵽵ϣȰ˵ţ̫Ȼ׿ҢͰүھУȷǵĻᣬǱϾҾ춼⣬ҪٱǶԿʤδ⣡
㲻صģ°ѾˣҾȻͣҪҪģοҪĿǻʹûбĸңûճڵĳҾΪ塣
еѾ뵽ˣȻڴ̣ϽҲ̫ƽЩڿɿصĳ̶£ΨԽԽɿصĻʵۣճȷԣͷۣ
ֻҪĵڻϵһ㶾ҩȻѸ»ʵΪս²͹أȨȻȻ͵˰ҵҲûãԺȨ˭Ǳ˵㣡
ǰүճأڲڳУܻģʱʱô죿ѵ˿ỳ𣿡
ʲôҪȥĹϰɣοûдŻ
ʲôԶüͷ׼ɱ
һǸѾ;ɱɰ˶ˣΪ
ɡ
Զ˼ɵӣЩŭ裡һ㸸׵ǶûУ
Զĵͷǡ֪ˡ
һ˲䣬˿˿̣ߵԶߣֽ˷˳ͷ˵ҪְҺģҪֻǰռǷҵû
̫󡭡ԶǾⲻǺõѡ񣬡ľҪ𣿡
ǡͷΪһ죬Ѿʮ꣬ʮ֪ôΪʳ𣿺ǡֻһЦҪĴЩ㡻ҵһֻİɡҪģǺֱǣǸõĵҲ㰧ûй¡
ԶЩۣĵľһ㣬⺢֪ȨôģĻ𣿡
¶ɫĿһۣģȻа취Ϊµ
Զ̾˿̫ѾˣγôȰ˵޼ˡôô
ҡ˻ȥ£ԼţʲôҪ֡һ˵һûɣٲҲȥ
̫󡭡
ţҽϽһҪ׼ˣǡ㡣Ȼóһݸ˺Զ
ʲô
ԼҵƣûܳɹȥԼңǻģ
ҪҾٱǣ
ĵͷȻ²ߣģ춼ǸֻгҾѣ׿Ҿȫ޺ҷæˣϽûָԪ౱ȻǸǱϾɽ·ԶˣͲһˣ춼ԼҾͽ֣ͲŻҾɣ
ɡʲô幥ǣ
Ц£ɵӣֻҪʲô壬塣
ˡ
ԶͷӦţѾȫ꣬Щˣ׼¡
ȴͻȻס

̫ʲôԸ
Ȼ۾һĶ˺һᣬǳЦ㳤㸸ס
ԶҲЦ£˵Ҳô˵һ㶼ҡ
˲ԭأ֪롣
ںԶļУĸʼǺصģǰһֱһԺȻкܶ棬ȴ׼ȥҲûмԼĸĸס
꣬Ȼһµĵطһμ˸סһʱԶԶĿˮȴǼˮǿɬˮһСʱȻûвǵٻȴȫˮĺ塣
Ƕ˵κͶĸ׵˼
ȻûܼĸףٿԴӸ֪ĸ׵֪һңԶˣҲⱲûлˡ
ʮ춼ǵһ̸ıˣڼԼĸףһ߸ϵˡǶسΪʺҲ˳Ϊĸ󣬶ԼֻԶԶĿţһһĻᶼûС
˵Բκ֪£˶
ĸҲ𣿡
ᡭ
ʼձܣŬغòɸ˵£ֻҪĸ㲻ܽһҲѾˡ
ϵĻԵɺԶκĶҪ˼顣
һ죬ʺּ⴫˺ҪӭȢǹ
ԭأϽּǹǻʺͻΨһĺӣҲãôȢԼأ
ϣٽУһνļԼĸס
ûĸӼܰ棬Ҳû˸Уڵϣĸڸλ
˵ҪȢѣΪҲ뿴⺢һӵǸزˣѾˣ޸ʡ
ͬˣû취ܾĸ׵һκ˵
ģһ챾Ჹġ
ʱ򺫺Զ֪νĲʲô˼ѾˣνĲǸĸϵĻȨ
ԶӻгѾ֪ߵߡ
ͷĸ첲Щ꣬ˡ
ͻȻһʮֹסˣžӿ
ЦԼ˲
ԶһôĿ˫ѾƵ֡
һ̾һĸס
Щסˡ
һҲһĸӡ
ԶȻЩ巢ĸףҹĳƺȴһ˵ˡ
˺˰벽͵۾ЦˣˣԺٽаɡ
˵ˡ
˹ĺԶʱʱÿ򹬳ǵķ򿴣֪һĸףܲܽеĳˡ

 104 

ں󣬳ֶڶսţÿ춼Ҫ鷿дӺ£糯̫Ǳ߱㴫˴ҪͬһţϾ֣̫󲢲ĸ֮ʵûʲô顣
֪֧ҲΪĻƿضѣûнԼҲûаΪĸһ
Ȼ˴˶֪ôȻҪһأ
֡

Լţ۾ƮóЩǡ
һѾʮˡ
ңʱԼΪԹ˼ңΪС㣬ܸĸͼмλֳ۰˵ҪŸ׵´ɽȥ棬ױȥˡ
ʶ˺֮
һμ赶Ūʫָӣԭԡ
ϲ϶еīζдһֺ֣ʸٴ¶ĲŻΪ֮ԣȴΪҾƶʩչԼı
Ͽ̵Сĵܵǣʵһʱġ
һ飬һд֣һ̸ʫʸ踳ѧ
Ⱳֵʱ⡣
û꣬˺ȻˣҪ޹ȥ˵㡺пܻδĻϣ޸ܱסԼҵȨƣͬƣȻ޼¡
Ϊʲô۰ĸףȨǰ׵ؽ˳ȥ
ޣûа취ܾΪԼΨһһŮĿԼĸĸ׸ܵǣΪȨƷЭˡ
뿪죬ҵ֮˵ԵԸ
춼֮ԶĻҪ⣬ΪȻӦǡ»֮ҹͳҹδ飬ڵڶʱ˵㲻ԼֺñһӶѡ
һ̵ңӳȥֻ˶Լ˺֮
ԭ뿪֮󣬺֮;ȡû뵽˾ܵüһҹǰѾԻò
Ϊ㡼ҹδʵ⣬֪뿪
һѪˣԽԽ٣ʱȥ뺫֮棬ֱλ֮ս֮ԼΪ㡶ǸϵĻȨ㡲ſʼۿ
ʱһжѾˣѾ޷أΪ˺ڣû˿ҡ
ûáԼС
ӣǺ֮ģ㡷֣֮ʱȥΪҲ֪֮Щ⣬ֿһʱҲãȴ֪빬Ϊһһӡ
ٻع֮󣬷ȫһһٰǻЩ￴в㡻ףҪĶԶȨǸںôġ
һ̣һ뷨Ҫ׷һȫٵ
ȨǾͰ
Ŀֻ꣬һ֮ң
ֻҪȨˡ
ţֵЦЦԽԽȾ˿ǻ
СŮЩ񣬡̫ôˣôˣ
ùմմᣬҡҡͷû£Щ¡
˵ͿСŮæ˳ű̫Ҫౣ尡ٴ̫ҽưɣѾ˼ˣҩҲ˺üôͲأ
ڰ֣ˡȿȡҵԼ֪û¡ҲǰѰҩѽʵڲЩˣĶһˡ
̫󡭡ôܲҩأ
Ц£ΪûоȵĲҲûгҩıҪˡ
ԼӰԼ
ں֮ߵҹҲһѪûоߵˣΪ֪ԼĴ޽ˡ
£ʹҲá
ֻһŲ£Ǻҡ
ԶȻĺӣǹƣʺϳΪȴǸѵúúӡ
Ҫ֮ǰȫ͸
ԭҪȥ߾ʱǼԵģһ뺫Щƹ£Ҳ÷ڣҲȥˡ
ֻû뵽Լôһ궼ȲˣԵԽüβʹȥԼʱǲˣԲŻôżҪ֣
׿Ңճ㶼ڳеᣬԲܴ
СŮ˱̫һɡ
źһڣȻЩʣʲôʱˣϿæˣ
̫ĻѾʱˡ˵ˣӾ͹ϵš
ǾͺáǾͺá
һŷҲӽæµţ̫յ˼ˣƽϰԵģҪĸΪС
˳װ̺󣬷һԵϵȺ򴫲ˣһʺ̫̹
׼ôˣ
Ѿ׼ˡ
ǾͺãһȻ˾ʹˣϸ㣬֪𣿡
ǡ
š㿴˿ƷæţĴ
ǡ
עˣĵó׼õĶҩÿﶼ˵㣬ȻĴ˿ȷû˷ֲųˡ

ˣ
ϵʱɫѾЩˣ˶ԺţֻһŮڷš
һݣ̫밲
λϵͷôæôҪע塣
л̫ģֻս³ԽʵڷĲ¡
ˣǻ֮ϽսңڶִҲ湻æġ
ⶼ޸ġ
ˣ˵ˣǳԷ
ϷҴҵĿһϵĲˣȻƽϲԵĲˣû뵽Ȼ֪
Ů߹ƣֵ£̫⼸շĺܣ̫ҽİ裬ơ
ŶЦ£ǾͲˣԵ˰ɣⶼ㰮Եġ
û뵽̫󡭡ǵްԵĶ
⻰˵ģϲʲôȻ԰ɡ
ϵͷһڿг˳ȷʵ
ô̫󲻳𣿡
幬ŮͷȻϵҽӹǷֵЩѾŷ˲ҳžС
˵꣬СŮͶһ
֣ôôǼȻˣҲ̫Ӳ˳Ż̫岻н̫ҽôûޣ
һˣ̫ҽҲûƳʲôʹˣӹǲˣҲʲô£Ҫȥ㣿
ƽڶĹˣ֪̫
ϵ£ܶչ˵ֻҪҡͰ
ҡһ㶣δ̫һҡ
ǳǳЦ⣬ԽľΣ˼ʱȻһ飬һܵʹﷺ˳
ɫ˲ò԰ףźѣһֻ֣סһ
޷ܵĵڵϣǰһж룬ߵҲȫֹͣûκηӦ
аˣûκΪϵĵضӦ
Ƭ̺ǵϵ˲󣬹Ůǰ̽̽ϢȻͷ
ǻ˲һǱ䡣

 105 

һҹߣһҹֱ
̫ٹѾڳϵˣǲǸùȥˡ
ָ̫Ѩͷš׼˰ɡ
̫ģ׼ˡѾķԸôͳʹΧסˣʳ֮ڶǵˡǸѾūŹˣԲỵ̫¡
šӦʣϵʬ嶼𣿡
̫ѾˣֶҩɫζҸ鲻㳯˲ŷҪʬܵõĽҲֻǻϲ͹ȣƣ۶ҡ⳯¶վߵˣô۵ģɣҲҵŽ棬Ȼײǣͷİɣ
˵䣬ѾߵϳĵطϸյǼǵǶʱ䣬ŹˣϾ̫ԣ˿ʵۻǻȽĿһҲԸвҲΪ
ȴз˼ʮֲ
ϴϻյ·£ǣ˿һϸʹʧԼİһ
δߵ̨׶ˣѾɴһ̨ϣʹ
ٹٵɫ˲üΪѿԵ޹ûϳ˵̫ѹӣ˶֪ˡ
Զվλϣһδû̧ͷȥɫѾһƬҰˡ
дվʣ̫󣡾ʲô£ط尡
ǰ⵽ôˣ
׳ʲôˣ
µÿ˵϶дʡ
ǰһʲ㣬̹ʲô飬͸Ǵ˵һɣ
⡭Ҳһ˫۾ѹӣλϣ̫󣬻˵ɡ
ĵͷᣬɳƵλǣϼݱˡ
ʲô
ʱ䣬Ծ
ô
ô£
ѯһʱ뷢˲
˼ǰ
λ̫ҽѾˣ˵ǻϽ˼ǣҹҹ޷˯ټͲã֢;ɼ𷢣˲ŻôͻȻ֮ûѸ£ظλҲɣڶս³ԽùóȻѸϵѶǻ趼ֻ֮СԣհλǰΪľѰһ취ϵˣ⽭ɽܵĲܵ
һλʹվ̫󣡻ϼݱǾٹ֮䣬˵ȴ»ӦЩѸ£Լİ˼
һԱΪ̫˼ǵǣڴвȣʱͻȻѸ棬ضֻţǻӦԲ߲ǣ
˵ɣʲôõĶԲ𣿡
Ϊտֻŵԭ޷һڶս³Խ֧Ԯ£Ǵ˿һʤ̵Ϣһģǻϼݱ󡭡λ˭ΪֻҪðտȨȻȶܽ˿̵Ŀֻš
ͷȻ̾˿ȻҲеĵֻǡϥ²һӰŮλô˭ʵûⰡ
һأеһЩе˼Ϊϼݱ˸֮ɫʱȥ
һվ̫֮ǻȨȹ̣Ȼ޻ӿԼ̳лλô̫ȴΪִƣ
ʲôδɣɫȣңǡұϾѾˣܶѾˡ
̫ڴҲֻпˣڻϳǻʱһԸȶ
⡭Ĭš
һվ˵̫ƴҲ޵Ͼ˼ҵѸߣַӣӦλ;ˣ֮⺮¾ǸѡûãôҲӦôүŶԣ
⻰˵òԣһ󳼷ҪҲӦôүǬ²Ŷԣֵõ
ǬһǬƢ˭˲֪Ҫ۳Ժû˱УҪ˵ι£ɲУλû֮ǰӱɱһɣ֮ôôòҵ֣һǺ°ҵģȻ˵ӱӣ֣λӦöףûкⰸܲ鵽±ȥʵۣҲͬ⡣
۵Ĵ󳼶һ죬Ǭµȷι֮ϲ̫óҵĿõģɺͲ˰ɣһ˫̶Ƶ۾ʹսǾԵİǵʵȴУʵۣͲǶɱ⣡
ٺееİ
ҾòС
һһͷ۲ѣֹλˣȲλүǷʺϣµǣǬǺڳУԶˮⲻý𰡡
ǡһӦ͵ڳֻ̫λүȲƷкһǶأ̫ˣԸƲ˽⣬Ǭɢƫִ˭Ϊʵ۶úãҲûûǸʱȥɳˣ̻ڴʱܳ벻ı仯Ϊ̫ãԺԺ۰ɡ
˵
š̫ȨΪ׵
ѽ
λ󳼶ͷӦţ΢һ£ͷȻλΰңҲֻȽ£պ㣬ڻҪȰסĽʿµİգоǻϰ顭öͷλ󳼡
̫ˡ
̫ҲҪౣط尡
˵ſ˼лλǹͬѹأŻϵ֮飬ᱣǵġ
ʱһʼվڽûڵʵ̫ôڣ
һ䣬Įţڻϼݱ󣬾Ͳˡ
Ŷǰһֻ֣ǰϳʱϵɫŵҹҹߵӣôͻȻ̫ﴫ̫ҽϸ֪һſɽеǰ
ѵ̫𣿡
ңֻδ⣬֪𰸶ѡ
𰸣ߡߵǰ̫Ѿ˵ˣ͹ȼϾɼҲ̫ҽˣǴ𰸣˻Ҫʲô𰸣
˻˵һ̧ͷͿǰ󳼷׷׳ҡͷ˼üë˼ˡ
Ļһӿ˺ʶû˷ΣֻѾ˸ȥ׷ˡ
ֻʵһ۴֪ΧӿĽվ
űףϵıҲǱġ
һ˲йԲҡҡͷûˡ
ڴ֮ϵͷȻѾҵ˴𰸣ôҾӽһɰҴΪ˭Ҫ𣿡
һƬྲ˶΢ͷϢţû˷ԡ
áƽô
δ䣬ͻȻĴţһ߿
վſڣһ˽ɫһһεѪ
һҷԣ

 106 

ճĺȻ룬óڵһӾͱý
˽һţճ㲻ǻرôȻ⣿Ѳɲɣ
£۾ĿİͰ͵˵ǹʲôڲѵ֪𣿡
ճɨһۣ˿ᣬУһֱӱƽǰ
ҲһĲţôȻˣһϢûС
ճǹϵѪ²Ѿ͹ڵĽˣЩţòڽϣķ£ڼȻѾһҲû·ˣνҲճ߳
عָճ㣡Ҫǹɺͳ
ճĿ䵽ϣձǷ
㣡㲻ҪΪԼү󣬰ҾͲᴦ㣡δǰ˽ҪˣǲҪȻ밧ԣ
һ·ΧڳڵĽʿ˲俿Ƕ彣ɫء
ߡճ㳶һЦô̫󶼻нڴҰɣ
ɫüΪѿϣһ˿ɱ⡣
ʱһվ˳Ǹղ̫ˣڵϵ̫Ϣŭʲôɡ¸սײ̫󣡡
һհճ˵ĴҲ͵˵ǣ¸մӱ֪Ϣһʱ޷Ҳпԭģ̫Ҫ¼ƽϣҲ̫ѹˣ
ճ㲻ɫգգۣλ뱣ҲǼΪԵֿôʿɡ
ֵģȻЩ࣬ȻվȻѾ׼
ɫҲһ£ʱ˳Ȱ˵Ҳǻ£ϾҪճ浶ǹĴ򣬽ЩܲӮҲû㹻İա
˵еսճ㣬ǶЩ˼ɵġ
ƲۣȻ֪Խ飬ҲӻȨԼǹվ⣬ʲôӣǻϵ֮鿴ǻοǺأ
ճĺûһ˿һиĮĿοҾͲ̫ˣǶСԼɡ
⻰ʲô˼ûӦ㵹ȼˣ£в̫ۺúÿڳŵˣ̫ү˵Ƕ̫ʲô
ӣճ㲻ɵһݣŵĽǹ৵һ˹ȥ໵һгǹͷͣĺǰһ粻ĵطŵȶðһĺ
ô˵Ҫụ̄ٶһ仰ھҪĹ
Ŀɫһճ㣡㵽ʲô
ҪΪֵһࡣ
࡭´̫ҽѾ˵ΪͼϾɼµġ
ճһü𣿿ô˵̫ڻֵУ˶أ

ճ㻰һأйŵĴǶЩˣ໥˿ѡĬ
λĿճ㣬һ仰˵һƨɵȥ˶йһ
üǴ˻ĸôᶾϣ
ճȴش𣬶ǿЦ
﷢ëŭɶָճ㾿Ǻξݰңȥĸһ֣֣һ֣ɷǣĸǱģҲǱģڻıˣˣҰ£
ǣ
Ƽתֱ£ΧصĴǷ׷׶㵽һߣҲϿճǹ˹ȥںУճջЩʱ䣬ӵ׿
ʱ䣬ѾΧһȦֽ˹
ճ㶨˦һкɨǧ
еĴĳ棬㵽һԵĽ˷
սͣճҲҵȫĵͶ뵽ȥԷϾռţЩ˼ϾʮйճϹ˼ʣҲ޴󰭡
˴Ĳɿڸλϣ߬ȭͷŵ촽Щˡ
ɱճΨһѡԲ߳
ʱһҵһλãճӾǣ׼ʱһ
ճ쵽һɾϮǰ˽ƣ޴
ۿǽ̾Ҫļ˲䵹ȥ
⣬һɫӰ˽үˣ
⡭˭
֪˭
Ų˭ݺݵֽ볤ɱۣ
ǣ
׿ճ㱳Ҳ˿и
ճ΢ĵСû°ɣô
׿һӦŽһ߻ش𣬡е㼬֣ڣӦò˶áͫѾȥˣҲͳҸ㡣
áСģճ˵ţǹһ
໥ţʵ̫󣬶һһЩĽ˽
ȥǰ취ճһǺˣ
˵꣬һ̤һϣһڿշ͵ǰһǹ˹ȥ
Ҫ
ûϵⳡı仯һˡ
ԶĴһҪĵĴȺг嵽ǰǿ󣬡үҪҪ£Ҫɵ£ɱ̫󣬿Ĵﰡ
˶׷ͣס֣׿ٵߵճߣýĲӡ
ճһ˷ģɱ
ɫɵñףɺǿӲճ㣬ǺôĵӣȻýвҡáڻϵķϣҿԲƽϣɷ˵ĵ򾿾ΪΣѵ˵ǲִƴȨ𣿡ЦЦ˵αڣҪλҲضɣ
һϯճ˲Ҳľء
ȴ˿⡣
ճۣǴЦսǿͷˣ̫ﻹֻȨ
ҧѵ԰ңλ𣿡
ճɫüΪ䵭̫Ѿ˼Ҫλڱƨǡ
㣡
ɲΪλġ
ʲôģ
ճۣȻüëüС̫Ĳ߻˼ʮıģ
ʲô˲ʧ
ʱϤϼݵ
ɫЩ㲵ͫĲ£߽˳
ԭע̫߶ˣˢˢתͷſڿ
ϵһ̣˶һЩ֪롣
ϲôֻˣ
ȻɫѿģҪͲ㡣
˼̨ϣ߶ţܡܡܡܡ

 107 

ȷӦˣˣߵأſǻμϣ
󳼱Ҳع̹زμ
ϵɫÿǴһƵģͫĲ£ߵϡ
һɧңһڵ£ҵĽ൳׽ã´ã
ϵЩ˻ϸ˵Ļ
Ѻ󡣡
ǣ
˲·ʧȥ˻һ㣬۷ֱĴĵţ֪Լˣһ壬վˡ
ʵճ㴳ʱ֪鲻û뵽ǣϾȻš
ˣٻкճ㶷һʱڡ޷Ŀܡ
Ϊʲô˶촽Ϊʲô
תͷԼĲ㣬Ѫ˿ָ̫ʹ¶ޣ֤ȷ䣬ˡ¡
ǣ
߽ʿ㣬ֻܻŵĹڵģûֻһֱ쵽Զȥ
һһֻһ˲顣
һʱǰ˭뵽̫ıȨΣ
ʵڵĴ󳼣󲿷ֵ˶еϵ̫˵λ̳еһ̿ʼǾ֪˸ôû뵽ϾȻû
ղŵ̫˴˿̶Щˣ»ϻˣȻˣʱϵ۾ֻܿõ
̫һܺ棬ΪжĲˣѾûϢȴֻվǰɣ
ȫûѪɫЦ£µ񣬰޻˵ҵȷ棬ϵôӹһģ
ͫ£Ȼü°̫ɡ
⻰ءҪ峿ʱһɸ봫˵𡭡
ճڵõ׿Ң뾩Ϣ֮󣬾һֱܲݻص춼ֻҪһʱ䣬ǵĻʲô鷢ǱС״һŸͫҪйעеĶǹ̫ġ
ڿźͫҲҵ飬Խ̽ɿ˲ͽͳ飬ͫúܲԾһֱŲ㣬Ϳڻϵ¶顣
ͫ´»ݾߣ̫ǸΪ裬Ǿ˳ˮۣȥŷеˣз˻ػɢ
ػɢһֿ˳ֶʱҩ갵Ӱóʱ׿Ϊ˾õġ߻աҩƳɵģҩһºܿͻᷢõ˻ֳ״̬ϢѲͫںͺ糵鵱갵Ӱ飬Ӵҩ˼Ͼһպõ
˲ˣͫ׼ȥһ˵£ȥʱãʱѾȥ·ˣֻͫװ·Ƶģæ˵⣬˽Ѽ±ź⣬Ҫԡ
ͫԼıӣʱĻϲҵģû뵽ԤƵģҵͷ
Ӧ£Ϊ֮ǰϰҲ˵Ҫ̫֪̫ҪһʱޱѾˣȴû뵽ĸڲ¶
ô˵ϰ˵ĹͰǰɣͫ˵ųճü
ճûʲô飬ȥĲݶǱƫԶĵطⳤϣ͸һ˰ɡ
׿վ࣬ĵӣСҾ˵һϵϣ
ճ㹻´ǣ֮һεΣǽ˰ɡ
ҹظϣҹϵ˳⣬ͫѾϢͣճһصҾӪ㿪ʼŵĲ𣬻ʳѾΧסΪͻƷ˲ٵĹ֮ճֻõǹƥȴУʱס棬Ǹλã
ߵճǰ̧ļϣ£ˡ
ճգգۣϣô̫󣿡
ôãⲻǺ𣿡ͫıϿԹˣ̫Ҳɡ
Ȼճ˶٣ֻ̫ıϣ¶Ҫ飬漰˻ǲ֪ģ׷Źҡճ̫󱳺Լҡ
˼ĵͷ˵ûһϸ飬˭̫Ӧϵıޣ
δ˵һ⻰ͻȻͼϣıǰһΪвǰæҲǷҵ£㲻ҪΪǣˣҪɱɱֻǲҪǣ޹ˣ
޹޵Ȼǣ޹ˣҲŹˣ
ǺǡƵЦЦôһǷأΪŵ𣿴˵ĹŮΪε̫ҽ𣿻Щոչ󰧼ִƻȨٹٶ𣿣ϡ㿴ҪɱңҪҡǡΪ̫ΪϵȨǲòôѡľﲻţҪɱˣ
̫ǡʴȡճĻԸԼҲǣ۱ˣķӦҲ̫Щñãڱʲôأ
˵ֻǲôҶˣȻȨջû䵽ҵϣұϾǴ̫󡭡Ҳ뿴
Ŀ̫ģһΪ޲µǶ޵ĳޱϣ˽㣬޿ࡣüͷˡ̫Σ
ǣ
˵ţ
һ˦ˣԼߡ
䣬ŴӵվĲ˸̨׿ԶԶĿıӰ
ҲǸ˶ѣֻߴ·
Զڵϣʼû̧ͷһ̧ͷͱ¶ԼѾʧӡ
ôӣôͻȻͱӣ
Ӧӵġ
ͷϵĺڵϣһЩϸСĳǳڷɣѽɡȻ䵽һ˫ƽƵЬϡ
Ь߹ǰ
ԶľһţȥסĽţߡ
֣ѾĲӣ֧ŵ޼ˡ
ѵ
ԺкȻֳǰʱȥٹӡ
һĸס
һҲһĸӡ
ˣԺٽаɡ
ԶڵĴϢţûԺˡûԺˡ

͵غڣҪȥһ飬ֻҪȥ飬ͻлᣡͻԺ
Զһ̧ͷֻǱײ
ȻĿ۾·װ˺ܶ˵Ļֺʲôû˵һ
һ룬ԶȻˣں𡭡
дģǿǷ
Զתͷȥϣϣ
˵ڣáˡһ˵Ľ
ãȻתͷȥѾûĸ׵۾һѪҺʬ塣
ײ
ҵıʹϢϮԶɵסԼ졭
ҿޣҲܿޣ֪Ϊʲôѡ
ĿǷһҲҪȥ˼
Ϊ˱סѡط˽Լ
ǰһڣȫʧȥʶһĸסҲȫʧȥˡԺ󡯡

 108 

Ȩһǵƽ
ȻѡɱķʽΪ»˸㣬ճ֪Ⲣյ㡣
֮ϣԶķӦѾֱ֤Щԣ̫֮䣬Ȼйϵ
պԶͻ˸кճҲȥֻҪκ춯ܵһʱ֪
֮⣬϶̫ıȨһ£иĿվչ࣬⵹ճΪ⣬ҲϵĹ˼ɣսҷ׷ף´ҪùĻ̡̻
κý֮ճڵÿճ׿һؽȥǻҪȷһ£׿Ƿ֤Զ̫˽ӵ֤ݡ
׿׿Ң鷿ҵǸľӡ
ĸ˵׿µҲû˴򿪹Եʲôû֪
׿ճһۣӸƿһ壬һֻΣһεķڣûš
Ӧö׿Ңĸģεķɱ׿Ңĸ׵
үүһ̵ֱ׿壬Ѿûκ¶ˡ
̣׿˽Ĳֻ֪࣬ҲΪŮкܣֻϧߵ硭׿ϽӰƺ̵йأ֪ЩˣѾ뿪Ĳˣ׿ҲȥЩȥĶԹˡ
šһڿּ˲䣬סˡ
һһİּдһ˵֡
ڶּ̫ΪϤˣǺּ֮Ϊ̫дܶ͸׿ҵĳ׺񣬾һ֡
Ȼʼǵͬǿȷһдġ
ճͣסˣʣдʲô
һţǺ֮дһˣȥޭݾһӡ
ȵǺԶ
׿˵ͷӦǰɣȻûᵽ֣Ӧþˡ
ճҲˣӦþǺԶİɡ
Ⲣֱ֤Զ̫˽ӡ
ճȴѾ㹻ˣ̫ԶѾη壬ҪԼҾѣҪ๫֮ڣʵֻҪʺԶͿԣڴֳ֮ӣѾ˰ɡ
ǿԼ˵
Լ˵׿һ㶣ǲ̫ˡ
ˣ
ֻǡ׿̾˿ʵ֪µ֮󣬾һֱ뾿ҪҪ֮ڣڳΪ˰⵹̫Ҳ˾ĵģ̫ѾûвλˣǻбҪ
¹֮ԽܵӦǺҵӰɡ
׿ÿÿ뵽ʶаЦݣԽɡ
ĺ𣿡ճ㿴˼ס֣ǵ֪󣬻Խ𣿡
׿ͷϾǶôϲ̫󡭡һ֪£ҲͱȻ֪ǵĸ׸ǳ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ճ֣߬ޱ׷۾ȷ˵Ạ̊́ܲһ๫֮ڣҵҫ֮һ棬Ҳͺ춼Դˡ
ɾүҪ˵𣿡׿Ŀ
ǡճ侲ĻشҪ˵
ΪʲôҶԻѾûвˣ˶ãϾͻҵڱġ
ճҡͷΪкܶܺ߶ڵࡣ
ܺߣ
ûճһڹĲֹкãлϡлЩĪز۵ĿӡǳҲаޡԾüͷǶӦ֪ࡣ
׿סˣȷûй˼ɵЩ˵Ĳҡ
ҡԥˣһʱ۳ࡣ
ճЩ۵ĽĴ¶Ȼֻ̣Ѫܵ࣬ķ¡룬Ǻеκһѡ񣿡
ǰǺôѡأ
׿ۿһ¾ʪˣΪȻõ˴𰸡
õ֤ݣ˾׼뿪ˣؽס³
ǰ˵޳ȥĹóȥˮұţڡˣ㿴޳ȥ֮󣬻ҺԹٷ˼Ҷţû¾ңöڣһԹߡ
׿εķŰۣŲüˣ
ǰ˵⣬˼һ´ŵĸŮأòײҸġ㰡ǲ·˼Сƭˣóᣬǣ
׿챻˵һһףôʲô֪
Դҿʲô֪ˡ￴ĳǸĵĺù˼Ҷˣ㻹ŤʲôԷ
Ŷ׿챻سߣֻƫͷǳЦճεգգۣףֻͶķݰ
ճ㵹ûʲô뷨ܵΪԹߵȤ
ںѾһڲ;ߣһˣæݹ
طЦŵһˣôʲô³Էɡ
̧ͷ͵׿һۣȻͷš
óƽǺϲģϯơ죬ǡô˿˾òһٷҲڡ
׿ͶŻȥճû˵ʲô׿ȻҲûƴǡ
ֻһ·Щˣһʱ˭Ҳ֪ôڡ
Щֶ˾ƣŵǳ죬۾һգһգΪϧӣ׿첻ɵöó񡭡ôõĹôƫƫϲأ
ȻָһۣתͷȥԭǱճ㾾סˡ
ɵЦôСƵģԴأ
Ϳճ˶ϣ۾ͺ˵㲻ˡ
׿Цĸˡ
ŴƲͷȥôĿ޴ɶ㡣
Ǿ˵ʲôɡ
үǻرȥôôͻˣ
ȡ׿ΪЩ飬Ծǰˡ
Ŷ
ۿˣ׿Ͻ˸ʣˣûмҲ֪Ͻô
һ˵ܵܣȻЩ񣬡Ĺ˵ϽָԶл죬۹һ԰⣬ʡ鷳ҡϽܰհģܵ˵ϽİԷΪһȪ֪һܿİɣȻ뿪ģķʽϽӦá
ˣ׿ȥοűסЦˣʹһأҪ𣿡
˵žʹһ׿ԭǰ˵õģŷһ׿ע⵽֣Ȼġ
˳ֽӹϸĿ˿ȷʵġ
ôдţ
ŶΪܵܺű֮˽ȥǾԼдϾ趮ֵ˺٣ԱȽϰȫȻҲûдʲô̫Ҫ¡
Ľţ׿ȴȼˣǾȻģ
ŵɫ˱䣬Ȼ˸ȻЦǡȻݣϱϾһ˵ѪԴСѧ֡
׿ЩΣҡǸ˼
ؽ黳ס
˵׿Ҳ˲٣Ȼ뵽һ£һϲȻ㿴öģҷһΣ
һ㶣룿
׿ճüȻճӻóһ

 109 

ΪʱڣʵҲεĶĵˣ׿ճҲ뵽ö룬Ͼпܻһ޹ǣ
ʵڼ֪ݣһ뵽˼ǰжﶼż
Ŷ˽˶μ鷿ȡǷš
Ȼġ
׿üʣдʲô
ţһһеĿȥеĹдҪͶдõָɬѶͷ飬۾ֽ˺һƿ۾
õֺɬЩҲףֻܴŲµе˼
׿ЦЦûϵ˵㿴Ĳ֣дʲô
ŵͷһ㱨Ϣţᵽ¡
һǶϽ
ڶйذ׺ͰӰ
йغ̫
жڵµ࣬滹ᵽ̫ڴµķӦ
Щ鱨ճ㶼֪Ǵ֪ģ
ǹȻ֪ıǶࡣ׿߬ȭǵðЩҳ˭֪ʲôʱֳ
ճҲôΪǴĻǡ
໥һۣ˲˱˴룬ǰٴιϽܹȡýڽʤǳ䲻⣬ҪΪ׼˰ꡣ
׿ʱһһƻţռġ
ſǵı飬ţӦһ춼ǵߣ㱨Ϣţ춼ҲѾȫˡ
׿򴽣ճ㣬ǽô죿
ճ۾飬˭Ҫ
š׿ͷȻתţţ㲻Ҫκ˵Ҳ˵
۴Ӧţţס
˵꣬˱ת뿪ˡ
Ŀǣɵҧס촽
Ƕ׿С󣬵һμһεʺû˵ڡ

⼸պȻ嵽춼˲Ծ
պԶͻظк󣬾һֱڷҲ˵ûӣֻš
ƽﺫԶˣ̽˴絽ӴѾȥˣȴһ
Ծǣ췢Լ޷ȥˡչ˲øףȥ̫󣬿ֻ˹ſھͱ˻ŵ˵̫ЩӲˡ
Ҷ֪֪˭
ǵȻ֪˭ֻǻ̫󶼲ǡλˣûͱΪˡ
ܼǳʲô˲õ£
֮£ֻȥĸ׵Ժţǽӡ
һ˶ĺҲһ˵˵ˣײˣĸױŲȥսǫܵϽȥ
һίĿ硭Һ㰡㾿ʲôʱܻ硭
ѾٽʱͻȻܼ˽һһߺţС㣡С㣡ºǬ´һȺ˳ǸϹˣ
Ǭ޵̧ͨͷǿһҵģ
ܼ촽λү˺üˡҡǼ˿ȥǵӡ
Ѹվ˵ʲô㣡ϽºǬ»ܴҲɣȥ
ǡǡ
Ͻ˲ԼѾݲ
⸮еˡ
һܼҾʹճͫ˽󻹸׿졢С͡ˣһ첢ʶӡ
æӭ˽һһй
׿ʱƤĳüС˵࣬ӱˣ㶼֪ʱ䷢˶顭滳ǰһȥլӡ
׿ȴֻܳȻЦһ仰˵ĵֳָ֮⡣
첢ûвĲԾתͷЦŶͫλүҼңҵ𣿡
ͫͷţǰɡҪһЩȥšлʽ㣬Ҳɡ
һ㶣ѾܾûгԺˣЩΪѵĵϼҡ϶ġ
ճȴȻ˿ڣ޷ȥ뺫˰ɣǱߣȥ
ȥ
šճͷȻȥˡ
Щɻ󣬵Ҳûж룬ͫճ㶼ĸѵĵܵܣҲûʲôֵİɡ
һյ󣬺ԶںĲ£Ӻ˳
ࡣ
μү
񡣡
ԶȻɫ㲣ȴһ㶼磬䣬ȥĺܡ
үǰΪ°
ͫճٳٲ飬ԼҲö˵гţⲻǿ岻㿴
ԶĬɨɨˣôҲҪ̽ӡ
ǳͶлүˡ
ּٺ˼䣬ӺһСˣյԶ˵ʲôһ㶣ʲôѣ
䣬Ѿ˳ճ㡣
һɫ·ͷɢڱֻͷһ֧ľΡò˫ӺƵ۾װ㡡
˶ûѣ׿ӼһҲû
ѼӲֻԼСԺ춼Щǲ壬һμԼĸףʲôʱˡ
ѵĳ֣еһ½
Զߵǰɻ󣬡ѣôˣ
Ҳ˹ȥԼĸ׵ߣţ찡ڿϳˣ
ȴûһֱ˹ȥ
ӭμ
Զĵߵߣѣôˣ
ѵĮĿһ˵ֻ㾿ôҵһ
Զ˲佩ԭأϵļ⳶ѿЦѣ˵ʲôأ
ɱ鵭ģǲǺ˵һˡ
ԶʶʲôϵĿҲάֲȥˣüݺݵĿճ㣬ǽʲô
ճĿţϵı飬һһ䣬ˣΪࡣ
ࣿԶ⣬ʲôࣿЩºûκιϵڵʧ̬Ϊ
ԶΪճǾ̫ıйأű⣬û뵽ճ˵ȫһ£һûᱻ֪¡
ˣ˵࣬ࡣ
ԶһӴסˣ࡭ⲻܡ֪
ճƲ۾治ɫ˵Ԫ꣬Ϊʺ󣬵ڶޭйһӤӤ㡣

 110 

ճĻصҽڳÿ˵Ҳ϶ŵĲ֮͡
ɫһףЩ˹ȥ
һԭأһţ׿߽˵ʲôοȴҲ޴ӿڡ
ճˣ˵Ķʵ̫뺫̫˽ӡ
Զɫ࣬ҧźں˵ʲô
ǲǺ˵óһݸԶǰʱ䣬ȥһݡҲǵʺΪޭݣõһšȻǺ̫дµһ̿ףġϺ̫ϣףܰȥһӡ
ԶɫԽҰףͷȫǺ
ˣǸµĺӰɡ
㡭ƾʲô˵ҡ
ճǴЦ⣬û˵ȷûа취֤ǸӾǺԶҪȥ֤£Ϊڴʱ˿̣ԶѾ޷ˡ
ɫҰףﺬᣬʺԶ˵ġ𣿡
Զҡͷǵģǵģ˵ģ
ѿ޺ţңൽʲô㵽ΪʲôҪȢң
ҡסˡ
ΪʲôȢңȴûһʮʱ˿
ҡ
ճޱ¾Ǻ˵Ϊ֮˰ɣȻԷ̫֮Ȣ㣬ȴİ㿴ǷˡΪͬĸ츸á
һأͨһ˵ϣ棬֪ȥ˭ͺԶáʲô͸ʲô
ճ㣡Զ˫ͨĵҪҼ𣿡
˵ˣǰǻһġѵںӦ֪𣿻ϣһӶǸСԺ
㣡ԶŴҳһţԴӿǰԾ󣬺Զľûָ˿ճıȣȻɱģֻнǰɱܹƽϢˣ
̻õǽϣһѹŵı㡭Իڣɱ㣡
ԶžȻЩȭŹ򣬵Ͼڳ֮УѾܶûùˣҲֻܿľͷˡ
ûճǰͱýԶһǽ˲ˣŵףġһжǴѽʼģһжǴʼģ
ԶһһµķĿȥȴûʶԼԷ⣬ѾȫռݣֻǰɱͿԱסܡû֪ͺ֮ĳˡ
вɵüʼɷرΪ˲ʹԶڽڰˣԶеĶ֣ԷĽֿ׼ԶۿǽԼǰ̹ܡ
ͻȻһǷڴеĽϣָһһ
˭
ķȥֻһŮվڷϣﻹֻڡ
ޣ
𽣣˻صճ󣬰ҲӷϷվ˺Զǰճˣ̬֮
ֻã˶붯
ʱ첻ʶǸվ˳һĵܿô
磬ⲻ£㲻Ҫ֡
йĺԶ֣ͻȻɴۣܿ㡭ǳܿǳܿ
ޱһȻתȥ򺫺Զûҡ
Զ㵵Ŀϵɴ㡭ûԭû
ߡɴµĴǹһ£ܾҲԡں˵ӦڻĽҰ˰ɡ
ʲô˼첻Ŀǣ⻰ʲô˼
Զ˫ȥס޵ļ磬ȴ˦ˣҡͷġ鲻ģ
ճǰһȻ˿ڿ˵Ϊβɴཫ˵أѵ㻹ǿЦ𣿡
ҡԶȻԥˣһµĳܿ˵ģ̱ϵѣǴ۾ʱʹĺۼ춪˻ƵģκЦ⡭
㻹ҪǿЦൽʲôʱأ
Ѿûصˡ
Զһá˵
һеһУҪ˵
Զޭլģֱ֮ǰƽ˾Ȼûиĸ׵飬ԾѰ
һ죬ԼͻȻӵһţ˵ԶΣգϿ뿪ޭݡ
Լҵ˱ҹ뿪ˡ
飬֮󣬺֮Ÿġ
ԭͻȻ֪ޭʱһӵϢȴ֪Ǻ˭ġʱԼҵȨܴ㡲׶ֻǸ϶֣Ҫɱıɱ鲻ܶùٸοԼҵԶĻҪֻܼϣڽ
ڽһˣִдɱȴ֪ҵľǵµһ̿ף죬ףԼҵ˽ãϢ©ˡ
ճõǷţֻһżѡ֮ףȣӦԵļƻ
֮˵լһͺԶµкֻҪףɱȥ㡾ܱסԶΪ˱ܣֻ֮Լұ״źԶһ뿪լӣˣףĽ¡
³֮ףȥ˽˴¡
Զûе˾ͽ
ףˣʱܶ˶֪ı㡵ҵʱе书Ҳûô࣬Ǽ֮ףڽϵԽԽġѾ˲֪˲ˡ
֪󣬾鲻㶯ɱף뷨֪ףصĴ̿֯ȸĵˣ͸϶Ҫ˵˼
ף첢ףϾ⣬ոǿ׷ɱ궼ûнʱһ˳ˡ
˵гܿףͬʦá
ʲô׿һ㶣޾Ȼףͬʦã
Զ˵а취Գף죬ҪһǮ
Ϊ֪ף֮£Ҳ֪˭ɱף죬̿͵ĵǵˣûжʣסԼ
ͬҪûãףˡ
ܿǱǮ춼ڿһֹݣΪָ󡱡
ټڣƯܿ춼еĴٹ˾Ͷȥӡ
ԶȻҲ⡣
ڼָ̨£춼ʢһʱĳܿ

 111 

ܿڵһ׵ӣС˼䡷
ɺԶȴ˿û֡һֳĬıˣһδĵߡ
һˣ̨µ󣬿ɺԶȴ̲ס˵ôδдӣأ
ȻĿԵĿá
ԶԳֻܿһͣϲвŮӡ
ĽӴУʼλرӣǻôһϲȴȥ֣ԶҲʮڳֽܵ״̬׼ȷĲ³˼
ָɽˮ֪ĸоǱ˴˶Ϊ֮ԡ
ԶСķΧ⣬޷϶ԼǲϲǰΪ˵ı̲סȥӽܿͳܿһʱܵõûйøо
ֱ͸¶Լݡ
ҲǺԶع˰һ
û˵Լ˭ܿҲͲ̹ͬϵ˵ԼݣҲͲ֮ҹҹ飬ҲͲ˴Щ࣬ҲͲ
ܿ̿֯ȸˣΪһЩ飬ѡ뿪
ٹӣͺԶһУһǵļҡ
Ȼ±֪֮ˣȻŭ𺫺ԶʣδٷˣԲһݵͼʦ
ɺ֮ȴûֹһ෴ϣܿһЩǲóֵ顣
Զ˵Ȼڵϣƭ˵ֻҪܿΪЩ£ͿȢ
еķڵڵأ˲们ᡭ
ֲãһҪȥЩ¡
Զİûڣûиʵ飬Ҳһס
ǡֻЦһ¡
֮óܿɵ񣬲գֹݣռִٹ˵Ϣһ꣬ӽҲһΪѡ
ܿţֻҪ춼ǵľȶλãͿ뿪ϲһˣȴ֪ʱ̫ҳһ⡣
̫ҪúԶȢǳ
ɫɢĲһ£˵
ԭѺһٽлԼģҲ÷λٽһսˣΪá
ʱ㡿ѵӺ޵ȥҲԶһ𳤴ĵطͽ˱
֪һԸ⣬ȥɶûнΪͷ
ϾֻһŮΣۿѾң뵽һ취
ǾúԶȢѰɡ
һѾ޸һ˽ˣ޸һԲ˺ˡ
ҵʱĵλȣȢһλں˵ǼΪġ
ѵķԣȻȻİѵĽӣͽ˺
ںӣһ㶼һ
ѽ뺫ԼһԺӣƽ밲֮⣬ԶԺӣҲΪѵϰߡ
Ƿޣסͬһеİˡ
ԶĹգı뷨ҲһʼĽ䱸ûôẫԶˡ
Ҫ߳ԼԺӣȥطʱеѾ˵ԶһŮ˻
ǸŮ˲Ǳˣʽеĳܿ
ܿԸס˺ȴҲһ
ʱ򣬺֮˵صģḺֻܿһٷˣԲίѡ
ʱȴֻʣ˱
ʮ£ԶϤϳܿһṳ̂ѵԺӣճ밲Ҳûˡ
Ϊһ˰ɣԺƺҲûʲôõġ
ʮ֮˱仯ܿʧˣһ̥ʧӰ٣еѾҲҧ죬˵дûһгܿĹ̥ʮ»̥ѽ
ͻȻЩ֪룬֪ʲô֪ӣģ
һţﺬż־ţ޴룬⡭ҡתͷȥޣһžવǡƭҶԲԣҡ
졭ҲĿԲԭʱ޷ϡ
ںߵ׿۵ļ磬üͷţµľ׵һ̣ʹǳ޷ġǵú˵ĸʱʹɫ˿ԽıȾ˼֡
ûƭ㡭ѺĿڣǼҸܿǵĵڶ죬ˣ˺ܶණʱҾ֪һжǸƭ֡û뵽ɷˣȻҵ׸硭ĸ󰡡ôôݰ
ԶۣڵѡҶԲס㡭ôҶҰ㡭
㵱ȻҸңôң㡭Ҳĸ󡭡ҪֻܹԼԼϹۣҾȻǸˣҾȻϹ۵Ŀ㣡˻ߵĺţҲˣźԺķ񱼶ȥԶ׷Ѿû
ͻȻһεķڵںԶĲϣ˿侲ʵѾڲˡ
˵˵һ˵ôƭҵġ˵һ˵ΪʲôҪôң
ܿ
Ҫôң޵ɫ֮࣬Ѿûκֿˣѻ˵˶ϡ
ܿҡԶţ޿ɱ粵ҶԲס㡭ɱҡҲӦõġ
ܿĽ֣ǺԶһ͵ģ޿ɷϡ
Ҳʮÿÿҹλʱµʡ
֪ܿк󣬺ԶȢ
ûеõ̫̫˵£˾
Զûа취̫УʥĸףʤеĴڡ
Ӧˣֻǿϣչ˵֮ܿ
ǳܿӽ˺ʲôʱף㸸Ľ𣿡
ԶЦŶ˵ȻΪô£ⶼõõġ
ܿΰΰȴ֪ԼģȻǸجġ
ܿºӵ죬Զó׼õĴѣΪϣЦôġ
ǣûüΪϸͷһˣܿͱҵˡ
֪Ǻ֮²Ǹģȥֻҹζࡣ
ʵ̫ˡ
ͨɱ֣ϣܷ˳ܿû취
ɱֻЭ˵ǻѳܿɽܻܲȥͿԼ컯ˡ
Զѡֻܽܡ
˵춼һɫµķĴţҪҵǸŵȢˡ
Զһǳܿһûڳ֣ᾪ̫֮ԸسŵĽʿĹϳȥԶܽ
֮һһ⣬ʹţżһЩǸĴšû꣬Ҳûᵽˡ
ѾˣϾһ˷ֱݵˣҪôȥ
Եټܿվǰ֪Ǿȴϲǻں޶ᡣ

 112 

ԶλںԼѡʱȥ̫Ҳ³ܿȴˣǸ߸ϵĸףԶڵûС
ֽܿԨġ
ɡȢ㡭ҡ
ջʧˡܿᣬժԼϵɴ¶һĿĵ˺ۡ
ԶȻ֪òѾٵˣĿʱǲɵ˼
ܿԼᣬĿ˰ɣЩ˺ۣȻһֻȥģȫǰͣҾʹЩ˺ۣʮ꣬ΪþгһգٴվǰҪ׿ڸң㸺ҡǺǡڡԸԳˣԸԳˡļԶȻϸҡɣ
˵ţͻȻһָ˹ȥŵķ䵶˲򺫺Զĺ
Ҫ˺ѵһ𣬵̫ˡ
ǷòźԶĲһһѪۡ
ƫˣ
ٶһԭ׿쿴׼ʱ׳һʯӣô˷ϣúԶһ١
֣Ѿ˹ȥ뺫Զ֮䡣
Ҫ㡭
۾Ѿ޺죬Űޣ촽
һʱǰ⸮еǧС㣬ǳŮ
̶һʱȴȻ֪Լ˭ˡ
ôһ˲䣬֪Զ̫ĶӺΪԼǲôڵ
һ˲ֱԼʮĸ׸֪ġ
һ˲ԼƴµķŮӣȻĸס
˲䣬ĸҪĸͬھ
ҲŲסˡ
ͨһڵϣںԶǰ
ŰޣҪ˵ʲôȴȫ˿ڣ˾ĸ
Ǹ춼֪Ĵ˵ĿŮӣȻĸ
ı磬Ȼĸףһɵġ
Ŀ޺ţֻ涵ĿŰޣ̫̫ิӵ
һ֣޿ˣ
Ҫɱ˺Զ
졭
㡭ҪɱҵҪҪ
죡ÿԶ˿̵һӣǷģȨȥ
ҡͷҪҪǲҪ̫ƽˣұʮ꣬ʲô֪ǲңи硭ûУսƴɱΪ֤ɵ֮أһ𣡣ǲộ
סˣ˺֮ǰǸҹ
ӵ֣˵С
ɵȵĹһ˷ˡ
޴ȥŵķڵ䵽ϣĻǴʹġ
Ѿʧȥӵĳɳٽǵٵ
ˣ޷ź棬ɱ˺Զ
ĨޣҲŲ¡
̧۵źԶҲգտϣҷһгһգһΪԼծۣ
˵꣬һܣӷ뿪˵ʵ֡
׿̰ѹڵϵĺ⺢ӽյĴ̼̫󣬴˿ѾƣˣȻհ˷һ˹ȥ
׿ǽİ˷˿ֻιȥˣ޴󰭣Ѿߺչš
ߣȻЩ»Ѿˣճ㻹кܶ໰ҪʺԶ
ûȵճ㿪ڣԶ˵㲻ˣҶϡ
֪Ҫʲô
ԶЦ£֪ʵ֪ûһ˲䣬ѾʶԼ³ȻûֱӲ붾ϣǡһ̫վһߵģҲԲ׷Źҵġ
ճۣȻˣǾͷ˺ȥ̲һ˰ɡ
ҡ
ʲô𣿡
ҿԺߡ졭ϣǲҪǨŭǡʲô֪
ճѾõӲùҲԲ޹ǣǣϾϲĺӣһͽ˳ҾӪ
ճͷ˷ģӣúչ˵ġ
Ҿлүˡ
˵ˣͺ˾ǰԶѹȥ
һϷͫһȻͷû뵽̫Ȼע⣬Ҫռҵ¸պ𣿻ǺݾءôҲԼôȨҫһ㶼顭ʹЩҲ˰ɣתͷһĺɫҲ̫õӣôˣﻹųذɡ˵㻹һ˼Ҳ˵ƭģ㿴ղţֻкˣװ㣿ôġб˵ʲôã
ܿȷûк糣糵ȴҲװ±ˡ
ĿͫһۣȻĮȻ˳ȥ
٣˻󡭡˼ҹﶼѻ߰ιͫԶתĿ꿴ճ㣬˵ɫҲÿôˣ١һģôôڰ鲻ǽ𣿡
𣿡ճʣôãŸոտʼ
ͫҡͷ⻰ʲô˼ںԶѾԸˣ֮ͺ𣿡
δءճһˣ̫󱳺ֵĲǺԶԼҾ
ôһ˵ͫɫҲԼҾȻͷҾô죬ʼռŻƬƽԭڶͶһЩطҲо𣬱ۺ񣬺ѶԸ
ϰˣ˼ǡ̫Լ˺У
ճҡҡͷҲʲôУ̫Ҳѡ񶾺ôðյķʽǱϾԼҺ̫Ĺϵˣ̫һûϻԼ𣿡
Ȼᣡ
Ǿˣ˭֪ϲŹԼңôԼҵ˾͸ˡ롭ǻ᲻Ƹۡ
˵ǻӱ춼ǣ
ճüͷ̫Ѷû⹫ϢҲǷˣԼҿܻ֪ı仯ҹҲ˶ˣԱ׼С
ô죿ͫŵʡ
ճüһЦ˸ĨӵĶ֮ɱ֮
׿ٻصʱѾˣֻʣճлڵš
׿߳ճʣô
׿̾˿˵ûʲô󰭣ڸѾдҩأӦѹˡ
ճ֣أ
ң
ճ££׿޽ǵķǰԶ˵ʱճʼնע׿ı飬ǵģ̫
Ŷ׿쳶˸ЦֻǸտʼӭʱϵЦ⡭ЩΡϾΪǵĿģŰЩġ⺢ӡҲ֪Ժô죬߲
ճ۵ĽԼĻˣ˸뾭ģʹû˵һҲ֪
˵öԡ׿˳§סûܶԼ

 113 

֮һ۵ӣ̲⣬ҡһ䡭۵·һʳУȻС˽ȥ
˭ôû㣿
λ硭µġ
Ŷô֪תˣ֪𣿡˵ȥһˡ
Ҳҡҡͷ˭ģŵʲô
ЦЦǴġ˵ҪˣҪɼϼӿܲǡΪλ׼һСˣƿǴɸģ
ɸ󣿡һۺۣһ˵ҼǵǴô˵šпǱæġСӻͦϵ֪ЩƲТǣ
һ˵˵ɱ̰£ǻǴʰɣ
ιǴȥѽķġ˶Ժ˵СӣûУ
У˴һݸ
š˼һ飬ġֿһۣ˰ɣƿ첻˼٣
ǡ
ˡĥߴȥǾƵζûˡѽġС⣬Ҳܲˣ㵱ſڿص˶İ
һ˵ͷǵҲǡ
Ȼ˱ЦӯӯİԼõľƲ˶˹ȥηһ˶ʱƱյ
󣬱žˡ
ǺѸٵηѰûһڵ¶λҵ˺Զ
Զ˾ڲݵϣһȻǣıȴΪȻ
˹ȥţܿˡ
Զۣء
ˡ߰ɣ
Զȴûж̾˿أˡѾˡ
ֻҪţǾһа취ģСѾķԸźﶼ͵Լң˵һ̫ԸֻҪڸӳȥȵԼҾ춼ǵʱһоͶһˣ
Զ̧ͷء߰ɡҲ㡣
˵ʲôԸѡģһ˵ġѾ뵽취ˣ۵·һ߳ȥǰ˲ģ
Զҡҡͷ㲻סѾûߵıҪˡ

Զ΢΢תһ²ӣηһǣһֱЩΪ̫ˡʹ֪Щ鲻ԡֻҪ̫ҪģҶԸȥ˰ÿﶼΪҪǸˡΪ̫ˡܿȢѡѾ̫޿ص顭̫ѾˡԶһᣬһͷײڴ֮ϡһĸ׶ûнгҲҽСҲܽС
һ㣡̫󡭡ܸѵϣ̫֮鿴ηηѵϣﻮ˼ʮĴҵ
ءһˡѾʲô֪ˡҵ̫Ҹ׵ľ顭ܿʲô֪ˡˡ
üͷһĺ飬ѵ̫˵Ļ𣿡ֻҪʲô壬塣һĵֻҪվʷļﲻκйЩļ¼ֻվˣȨʲô˿ʲôԶڸǣ
Զһ٣ЩĿأô֪̫˵Ļ
ҡһӻԼ˵İ
ءңҴδ˵Щ㵽ô֪ģ
ۿԶε̾˿˲ͻһ棬ˣȻԸҳȥǾɡ
㣡أ㵽˭ѻ˵
ش΢΢һЦɶλҵˡֻҿˣû뵽Ȼ֮߳ηţȻѾѡҲͲǿˡԸ֮дţǾʹŰɡ
˵תҪߣԶסأ㵽ʲôˡôꡭЧ˭
Щ𣿡رѾټȥˣЩҲͺ޹ˡĻҲҪʡҿܾû취ˡ
㣡Ҫɱң
û֣ϾôꡭЩֵġҲҪˡ򡭡ͻȻȻ߳η
ԶȫһйڵϣͻȻԼһЦһЦ
ػԼ·תתһΪӡ
ϰ塭Ҫ򲼡
ʲô
ڲײڲ壬ײ˫塣
кɫһ䣬͹ҪĻң絽õһɣȥҡ
á
ظ߽ãûһһҡҷŮӣ˦˹
ʱһЦҵ˭أԭ㰡˵ʲô£
㣬԰׿ҵϢȥˡ
ŶȽƵӣôѾ׼Ϣˣ
ȴҡҡͷ֮١Ϊʱ䡭ǱųһЩϢȥ
ȽҡҡͷҿɲǺð취
Ϊʲô
밡̫Լҿ϶Ҫ顭ϻڹϺԼĵֽܵϵɲһΪŮ˲ҪɽĻʵۡ
ô϶
ȽЦЦ⻹򵥣㿴ϴǰ̫̬Ⱦ֪ˣ˺̵ġҵǾֵΪһŮ϶Ŀɳֻһ¿ܡ
ʲô
ȽգۣǾǡҲҪճʱ򡭡
˵
ûȽЦԼҵжʧˣôϾûʲôµˣ˵Ǹʱ˭вأ
شʣҲԼһܣ
ⲻôԼôѾ͸ˣȻ࣬мϹսġҾɲһôŬҪǴΪҲԼܷʲôԼںİˣǵ¡ǰʹ£
üȷʵ˭ҲûԼܰѻλ 
Ƚգ۾˵ճĳҾԼҾ֮˭ֻΪвأ
ش۵ʡճ㡣
Ƚ鹵ͷһЦճĳҾΪжд̣ڶճпΣǵԼһ̾ͲһˣӵصүԹܻʵ۽䱸ˡ
̾˿ǰڻϵԶֵεˡ
԰ҾϢٵȵȣ㲻ԼҾӵʱð죬¾ͽˡ
а취
Ƚ˸Ц˵ճˡ
һǷšҪûбػ񡭡Ҳôͺ棡
ҪһģҲţ档
ɱ˽ж˴£
ġзִ硣Ƚ鹲ŪԼͷ͵ſɡ

 114 

սԶȺҪΪҡ
ǰ˺ȻĽƴֿûܵסʧ˼ǣǰ춼ǱߴϢ˵ԶѾ֧ԮˣϣǳסһҪѰסǺһ˴Ӳ͵Ϯ˴ݵĲֿ⡭
жɹˣҲˣǰڳ˵Ĺйˡ
Ϊӻ˽ٶȣҲ׿ǿ˵ȥˣȻٰ㲻Ը⣬ǾɽΥ
ڣǳŵ׿Ңǰ֧ԮѾ˸ϳ˳ʮҲѾڽһƻˡ
ɼ˳˵ĺΧžҽת˵ûһȥɣ
У״Լҡͷ˻ûȫأҪǲúţ첲ͷˣ
״򡭡ƤҲսں󷽰æҲùŰɣǴжҾҪڹƵţඪ˰
Ҫ
Ҫûˣɶͷѽ״򡭡ͷȥɡ
״˦īˣ˵Ҳ㣬ԽѾ˲ãܻȥ
ֺõ㿴Խڶˣ׿Ͻ˵㣡
״üһЦҾ͸ܷˣʲôʱ׿Ͻҷ룬Ҿͷˡ
٣ͷҸ׿ţ
ţ״һЦ㣬㻹ǺúŰɣ
˵꣬״תˡ
ε̾˿Ĵһֹ̱סֹ
ǰߣ˵ʵһЩջģȻҲ֪ڱ浽սϵǲ۵ģϰ˺ü£Ҳ˼̡
ˬĵǰ͵ϮǴΣʮ͵͵ӲƵ˵˵ݿ⣬һѻ˸ɾ
˵ķӦҲܿ죬Ǹոշ𣬵˾Χ˹˶٣룬ǸݵԺһսôʹ죡
ֻǿϧܵʱ˵һֻˣܾ˲䣬װһʯͷȻͱӡ
˿һҩʱ䷢顣
ԭΪĸо˺ܲÿÿһɱһʿʱﶼΪƽ
һͬĸо֪ԼڲǱǸԹַſڵүˡ
һ£Щ⡣
ǾǡԼεһǹʶڻʹϣ׿ٰǸ
ǸͰĬĬضЦ˭Ҳ˵
Ⱥ뿪˵ʲôʱ׿һѲԼϵ֬Ŀ
룬ԼǷ˰ɡ
ǿǺֵܣôֵܴܵأοĺֵܣѾкˡ
̾˿ȻԼǰ׿Ļ
̵̹ģࡣ
ţͻȻһʿӣҪ
͵رѵǰ״Ǹִͷˣǰߵ׿ҴϢ
˭ǲһǰߵģ
ʿͷûм˵֪ˡ
ߵرϵһһߴˣһվţһת
ʱŵˣԽôѾ춼Ǹȥ𣿡
۵ı鲢ɣмء
Ӷ⣬׿Ң֮۾ͱٻȥˣڲȥ춼Ǹʲô
ۿˣϣ׼
ھԶĵطͣסˣɫһ䣬Խʲôˣ
۵üͷɰ֣صĿ˿ڣֻж̶̼֣ѾѺԭء
˵䣬춼ˡ
˺һ󣬺ŷӦԼʲô˵ˣ
۵ͷ£С˵һҪܣҿһ۵ﲻȫ
ѾɵˣĿѣԽǲϢ󰡣ôأϿ׸磡
ɵӣԹֵΪ˻ȨĿɳĻ𣿡
Ǻһʱ춼ʱǸλͰǰһۣ
ʲôһ֮԰ѻλóȥΪڱûʶǸλʲôѾһˣ춼ǵһ࣬˵û˵ǸȨһ𣿣
һҡͷһ߷񶨣һǲţҲôڳҾӪôãΪˡôģ
ۼִ֣̾˿Ȼ㲻ţԼɡ
˵ţ۴ӻóһݸ
㸸׵ıʼӦϵðɡ춼Ѿȫˣ㸸׵ƴϢ˳Լˣڿ˵ĲôˣЩʲô
̰ų˳ȷʵǺԶıʼǡ
дţ
춼б䣬ʱԮ
ճʳҾʳǣϴвӣ̫ʿƴԻѵֵ
̫ڴ֮ϣײڴ޸ҷߡ
дԮһ⣬Խ췢춼ǣѻ̫ƽ
һ֮룬Сڶǰߣ׿Ңճй֮ӣݲţС׿Ңֻ»׶༪٣ǰȥȣ
˰ɡִӻͳһӣںǰ£Լ洫ƣ̫㸸׵ġ㻹𣿡
͵¿ˮûȫеݡ
˵ճ㷴ˣ̫ˣ춼᧿ΣҲпΣա
һУˣڲĵʱ򣡸ϿߣҪǱ׿Ң֣ǾԶص춼ȥˣ
˵ţקߣѾ˳
קţӶݣ˲
Ʈһʱ䲻֪ηӦ
ճ㷴ˣ̫ˡ
ճ㷴ˣ̫ˡ
ճ㷴ˣ̫ˡ
ͻȻڳϵ꣬ͷһǧϿʳһ㣬˲ʹȥ
ιȥĺȻ۽ʪţԺȫǹƬΡ
ڻʹк̫ˣģڳҾӪѵģٹһ̫ͬĳ棬Լ׿춼ſĳ档
Ȼ뵽ճ㷴ˣ׿أҲһ
ҲճǸ˲²͸ˣ׿ء
ǲ׿飬ϵһһ䣬һ̽òš
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
ţҲ֮վ棬ٽ˾ͻ׿ˡ

 115 

Զĵڶ죬ҾͱˣԼǰĸУصĶһռ޹صȫǲɢֻʣºһ޴ȥ
ĿŹٱԼСļҰգǺԶղصֻ͸ôʹͣȫûˣͷʣµֻһѣʮĻѡ
ŵҲժˣµķſʯʨҲûյɣ챧Ŵӹٱµĺ֮λվڽ˭ȥô죿
󣬻Ƕҵ˵һסɣլȻ󣬵һҲǸ飬Լһסܹ̫ˣ˽ңҲͲ¶ˡ
һѱסʪ˶ŵļͷлллл㡭
ڶլӺںʱȫһģǰںÿյĸѾϣʲô鶼ԼţҲϰ߹Сˡ
źȫͬϰˣԶլѾһҲûҴǰչ˶ģھ͸չһ¶լĻݲݡ
ĵһҹǶչ˯µģҲʲôǵڶһǲϰߵĸоֳˣڴòʶѾˣֻԼڶլţˮϴ
ϴϴţ͵ˮԼĵӰˣͷҲģΪԼͷǰѾ߰ͷģСѾر𰮰ӣҲϲԼӵӣڡˮ𼸵ܿ͹ƽ̾һʮã֪µ·η
ʱվһ㣬ͷɡ
쿴žеԼյģͷڶŵİŪ£ܿͱ÷
Щ棬űϾҲǸ˵ֻãΪʲôһʱŲǸ곤һƽ⣬رչˡ
ǰʲôأ
ֹ˼գ쿪ʼϰµˣԭһҲûеôѣŬѧϰһܣˮղȻҲʱԼĺǱûзÿκһ˻ͷİʱͻῴŴݵЩ飬ȻЦŶ˵Ѿúܺˣ´һõģ
öŵĻħģΪһľͻøá
죬һЩС㣬һ԰š
˰죬ǾһʣţϽʲôģΪʲôôʲôᡭʶиеС㶼һʲôԼĽ㡭
ŵͣסˣȻתͷƬ̺һЦʵҲûʲôҲĽ㰡
Ľң촹üȥʲôĽġ
˵ĽǰҲ⣬ѾˣȫֵñĽסǲˣŵҲûбõȥźۣԼٹʮĿӣǶأ
ǲ͸뷨һͣڰĺң㲻ΪŵģѾ֪ˡ
˵ʵǸﳤģ֮󣬾ͺ͵Ĺϵܽˣܺ޵ҲŲϲҡҵ˵ﲻǲңֻǲ֪ôҡҺСʱ򣬾֪ҪԹԵĲѧܶ£Ϊ׸ˡʱһͻڷޣȻµĲҺ͵
Թ𣿡
üԹʼһԹɣŵܵÿ춼ױۣô᲻Թأ˵Ϊ˺ίҲԹҲ⻰ʲô˼ҲˣҵΪһģΪֻһףû뵽ȶˣҵԲ֪ôңΪңֲĶԵʲô2ǸΪѵˡ
Ϊʲôأ
СʱҲʹΪʲô԰ңȴܰأ˵ҵİͶ׵İǲһġҵְԷָܶˣ׵ְȴֻܸһˡѾˣû취ٸˡ
۾ʪЩпû뵽κүȻôרˡ̫˶檣ѾˣԸֻһˡ
𣿡ɫȥˣǶֻԸⰮһˡ
Ŷأϲ𣿡
ҡҡһӽ
Цʲôĸ˵ˣ
ûءҡͷ̷ϣſЦˡ
һתͷƳ淿һĨɫӰǸˡˡ
죬Сˣڶ淿ϡ
һɫˣЩ찢ʱͻڶլĳһӲϳ˵仰ѵѾʱԸ
͵͵û
Ѿ֪Щ飬ЩģӦúͰްѻ˵ģҲһҲʲô֮أ
ңݺݵ߬סһվԺ⡣
˵ûдЩǸ˵ģȻ޲ҹȥˣѾһˣѵ
ȻһԺӣ޾Ͷȥ
ĺ߬죬㻹㵽ʲôʱ򣡡
ǷûжõŶΪˡ
ʱǸɴĺɫӰ̽ͷˣµأվ˾뺫켸Զλá
ʹɴŻǸо˰޵Ĳ֪롣
˵Ǹ
Ժտյֻһ䱧ǸڿƮá
˫۷죬ʣΪʲôҪÿ
һɴİҲ֧ͷҡ㡭úòá
㿴ˣ
šˡ
߰ɡ
̧ۿ죬ֻ֪˵Բ𡭡
ͻȻίĿһѾ޵̫ˣȴǰʮࡣ
ΪʲôҪ˵ԲʲôԲҵģҡְһ˼ҡʲôԲҵġ
Բ𡭡ظţԲ𡭡
ᣬŬİˮ̻۾־ȻˣʣǾѵ֪˶Բԣ
޵ͷҽܵʱ֪ˡ
ɵһξ̣ҧŴûҡԲԣ
ûŮ

 116 

ź޵һӻˡ
˵ǵģģȴôŲڡ
˵ףǷġ
֮󣬰޵ֻһͷǱ𡭡
һҪɱ˺ԶʱĺԶѾӸλԽӽˡ
ԹܶΣûлᣬֻôһأ֮岻ãԶʱȥ㣬޾ǸѵõĻᣬһ·βš
죬һ糿ȵ˺Զһ˹ǰĻᣬ޸ֵźͺˣʱǲꡣ
޶ڰ֪ĺӣ̥ʮֱߵĺӣһ޼ˣֱҪ̳ȥ˺ԶȻ
ͺѧźԶӣϣ˫ֺƣֹţСԴ̲סĴתſȥ
ԶǳЦţӵͷ
ǰһУеһ뺫Զ֮
мٻ󣬸ں𱰣Ҫ޷ǸߣȵĹһѡ
һУȻǸֻˡ
죬ڰĿţ޼ˡ
ǣһεĻҲòˣںͺǰ֡
ģʼð޵һЩ仯Ǻ޺Զ޹ģɱ˺ԶҪôأ
ǻ֮䣬ֹʮ꣬ڼ䰢һֱڰй۲캫ԶֺԶһЩص飬ֱӰǼ£ڸʱˣһ·ܣû뵽Ȼ˻
ǴޱϺ޲ʵѼѡ
ԭʱѾȥôãԭǶѾˡ
Ǹ£޵ȻǣҲȷʵǸ뷨ҲһϣǶõѡ
ûдңԲԣվǰţϳҺ͸磬˲ǵľԲԣ
ǿᣬԡ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôεЦ£ΪҲ䡣ֻǣһĸ׵ְûоʲôʸǣҡʱǵôôһ˵Ļأ
ˮۿתԽɣϾʱ˵ˣҲûưɡ
أҧŴʣ㻹ǲ𣿡
ҡ
ô죬һֱվǸ棬ΪʲôԸΪʲô˵˵
ҡ
Ҫҽպ㻹㵽ʲôʱ򣿡
졭Ҳ㡭
ʲôҹúòãȻһ֮𣿡ţѾ¹һˣҪٶһ𣡡
ûУ޻ţһ̥ʮģôܲҪǣôܶǣǺԶ
㣬Һ͸ءίţ֪֪СҶΪҵǳǲǣҲֻΪƢˡҴûҸġĺӿĸ׻Һ͸ȴԺŶȥҴûиܹʲôĸ֪ˣԭҵĸףҺ͸磬ҲԹԭҵĸǱ׸ߵģôĿѡҲԹ㡭µ񡭡Ϊʲôֻվڷ͵͵ؿҡ˵һ仰Ը⡭֪֪жϣҽһһĨᣬѾҵˡΪʲôȴԸءѾʧȥˣѵҪʧȥ𣿣
ҡͷѶһĿڣһֲҪȥ죬ҴûвҪ㣬ҡǺ¡Һ¡Һ»Ầǡ
һס֣ǳһЦҲ£ҲµģǺһ𣬾ʲôˡ
һ˫Ѿ޺ˣһţһ§ס졣
Ů
Ҳ޺ڰ޵Ĳݺݵسš

ڷĹ˼ˣҲĬĬز˲ᡣ
ЩĽҲףһҲûлס׿һˡ
뿪Ͻ֮ûκϢǻţڶҲͺûʲô
ʱ룬ôһ̣ĵŮ֮Ψһϵ
ЩѾֵȥˣջĿ⣬䵽ĺϣǸӣҪЩҸ밢ޡ
ڶլĸŮϵϷʱҾӪУһֵ¡
ճ鰸ʣô£
˵үϪɽַˣԹ𣬹ٸɱȥΧ˼ΣǻرƻǸˣٸû취үæ
ճ̧ͷַˣԵ޹ôַˣ
˵ΪġɫΪѡ
ճüͷһ˵
пһΪڲڴһʼ۸һ·ٸֲҵֻÿ˿۰գֵԹ𣬻˲񣬺ܶ˳ԲϷɽΪˡϪɽһҲٸɱǰȥ˵˼ΣҲûܽϾʳȱء֮ǰϽһվûȫֿʼˡкȻ뵽ޭǸ㣬հǽսˡ
ճͷ͵ˣȥϽΪ꾰ãŵ˳룬ֽô飬Ѿˡ
ԼҾ񣬾ԲԺ֮ʱ
Уͺ˴ȥͳһʳȱ٣ŵ죬Ҫճɻü£ǵ취ʱͦȥ
ǡ
ȵȡ
ôˣү
飬һҪܣǲ޺ҷ֪
İɣףүʲô·Ը
ճ˵дŸ常˵һûʲô취
ү롭ӱЩʳ
ճͷȻΪλõԭʳճԶԭÿ궼ڻĴ궬챱ûս£Ӧö٣д常оͲ˾͹
á̾˿Զˮⲻ˽𰡣ʳ˹ҲҪ°ɡ
ճüչȿִöٳɣĴӪвϡ
һǲҪԼҾһôûݡ
ȷָհɣܲܿǶ
ǡ
õģǺһսսپ
ǣ

 117 

ƥɽ·ϼ۶Уһ̡
ѾˣհǾܵݣݾ춼ֻа
ڶ룬ǲճ췴ģһ·Ѿ˺üˣԶһЩѵصɱ֣˲ǻص춼ȥºҲˡ
벻ͨճΪʲôҪ췴
֮һջԺ˵úϢɣ·ɾûôƽ̹ˡ
ﻹ˯أ֪Ϣ̫٣Ҳ֪ĸ׺öôˡǷ֮⣬ԶûдϢɳȥҲûܴ̽
˵춼Ѿȫˣճ㲻ǵõκõϢҲֻҵ˶ƽˡ
Թ۰Ѻе˷УЩҪ˵
ЩǣǷֿ·ߡ
ֿΪʲô
̾˿ҴӦҪչ˺㣬һܳ¡
üͷȻ£Ǵһ߲Ǹȫ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵һ·Ҳˣô࣬ȻҲ˲٣©֮㣬ճҲѾ֪춼ǸϣһǡҲ춼ʮһʱȻһ֮սңʵڲȫ
⣬ȻҾ͸Ҫˡ
㲻ܸңûţ˴ԼҾҾս˭ûбʤİգǾԲܰ¹ˣճҰĵóѣҪģǻص춼ȥҵȻ
ʣҸô
ѾˣǷֿ·һһЩǻһصС·ֱ춼ǣȵ˳ǧǵ㣬ҪľǴЩ˳ճķߣɱʹȥȳʵۣ
סˣҡҿ𣿡
㵱ȻԣģճĴ󲿶ǣסͳ䲻ȳϣʱһоͺðˣ
Щǵ˵ͷҡͷǲ֪ʹ֮ڵһϡѾأ
ɫϾҾֻܺӲӲˡ
ӿ죬мְգ
Цҡҡͷ֪Ҿһֱųս޲ʤԼҾҲǳصġһΪЩ껪ս£ԼҾôӽˣߡǱˣԼҵ֮
ȻԼϵĵӺܳѹЩ
˵ʱб䣬ͺ㸸һɣӦôġ
ţ
ļ磬áȥϢɣһͳ
񣬴Ǳۡ
ź۵һλ˽׼ˡ
áסɫ˵˺һߣԭƻ£Ƚ˻ʹͰΣȻɱʵۣ
ǣף
У̫µگٹ鷿İʱйŮģگ齻𣿡
˵ͷʣһүԸô죿
ɫӲǶĻλԸҲ
ǣ

Ȼıͬʱ춼ӪУҲڽܲĳﻮš
׿ҴҽڣĴѰճӰһƬҵˡ
ճһͼ׿үѾ׼ˡ
ճתͷֻһ˼ɫףʱճרΪģΪ
׿һֱæսǰ׼飬Ϊͺ˶ȥɽ˺Ͱˣ׿ƺİţܺճ㲢ս£Ѿ˺ܾˡ
ճұ
ٿأ׿һȣæĴ˿ûˡ׿߹ȥһֻ˲䱻ճסȻ󱧽˻
׿۾Сôˣ
ճЦ£û£ֻ֪׵ķˣʲôо
׿ЦŻסʲôо
ճԵֱۣšС
ʲôۣ׿Ȼ̫⡣
ճЦŷſüΪ˼ǣǲ㱧ио
㣡׿̷˵ʲô
˻Цţ˵ʲô
㡭׿ͻ˵ЩȡЦҡ
ҿԩճοƵĺ˵˲׵ʱ򣬱ůһЩױģ֡
׿ͨĴһ£ߣ˵㡭
ճ֣ϴʰ·硣
ϴ̬ȣ׿쿴Ц⣬ǵ⡭
ճۣá
һᣬת⣬ճָָͼ춼ǵλá
ôˣүʲô𣿡
ճ㰵˼һ̽˵Ѿˡ
׿󾪣ǲǺվܵ춼ˣ
ճͷûĻҪ졣
˶ˣԼҾأ
ѾݳⷢԼҾټʮ򡣡
׿ĿϺ꣬Ȼ͵͵ôˡ
ճ̾˿ûǵעʱ˼ȷʵƻ
أжˣ
ճ£ʮ򣬵ʮҲȫ֮һսǻкܶطҪ
׿ͬĵͷճ˵ûۿȫһսǳҾУǱɱ춼ǡ
أ׿ͻȻ뵽жˣ
ճҡͷݲã̫ȻѾˣӰ컹ڣﵽΪõˣǻȫֻسǡ
ô˵ȥǰߴ̵Ҳ
׿쵣үа𣿡
ճͷοһ£ģҾսʿһʮӢۣǻӮá
ı飬׿˿ûһӮģ
˵ţճͻȻ壬࣬һ²սˡ
Ϊʲô׿üͷΪʲôУ
ճΪһҪ񽻸㡣
ʲô񣿡
ճ˵˵ߴһλ꣬ճ㻳Ǻ
׿첻ŵҡͷôǸ쵰һأµģ
ճ㸧ƽŭ⣬ҲΪˣǱˣ춼ǣ֪﷢ʲôۺ˵ʲôҲδ֪
׿᲻Σգ
ӦòᣬϾǺԶӣ̫ôϲɱ̫ҪıȨλΪ˭
׿һΪ˺ҡ
ûΨһĶӾǺ֮ԻܿҪ̫ϣ顣
׿첻ۣ˵Ҫλܣôġ
ճüԼ֪ڴλأ
׿סˡ
ճ߬ס֣ԣҪһҪ񡣡

 118 

꣬¶ʮߡ
춼ʮﴦҾʮԼҾƴ
ճʰʿסߡ
ճϣսףսǹ¬ǰŽµƬأţѾŵ˼㡣
ͻȻճеĽǹһᣬֻĽʿһɱ
ʿɱ
һʱ䣬̶뵶Ħڶ
ճϵ˷ŷ¬һȣиʯ֮䣬ѾɨһȦˡ
ʵԼҾҲС׷׾ٵϣɱ
Ϊ˶֪һսۡ
۵һߣʵһȻҪ˳öࡣ
ǵ춼ʱֻмʮصʿɾͱϴ˸ɵˡ
ǼǰֱڻʹúЩǣоȻûǺܿ͵˹ſڡ
׿ԭҲڳſھͰסģһᲨаգʵڲٿ޹˶ˣǽȺ˽˻ʳǣм
ЩԥĿſһ˵Ļʳڣ᲻թ
ϣŹǣʤۿǰˣթҲҪȥѾ˳Ҿ춼صıǧаǧˣӲӲҲ˿飡
ȥ
ιסҪҪһЩ棿
ǸԸˣȻۺ⺫ϴĵǲСӵģϹսδɵĳСӶʲô
ãѾûôԵˣЩ˼㹻ǣߣ
˵꣬ȼ߽˹̿ڡ
Ҳ֪϶Լ̬ȣҡͷȻӸȥ
ӹſһֱߣһžǳţ˭֪ʲô
˽ճ㣬Բô׷ǽȥ
ɣǸ壬ƺûʶ
ǵǧȫ˹ţֻ֨ѽһĴűˡ
ڵԼҾЩţ׷ʣô£
ǰһۣ߰˶࣬ʲô
˵ִ꣬ŴǰߣƥλãüͷԽԽŵĳţǲĸоԽԽǿҡ
ͻȻߺХһһһ֧
ţǧ֧ݡݡݡģ
ʱмƥҲ˾ƵģܿƣҪҴܡ
һʿãܣ
Ѿ彣ǰţһһϵĸ¥ȥȻŹ֣ڽ
ϼЩˣţҪңӿǰ
һĹģ̫Զ̫޷ӦĹʱֻмǰϲߡ
һ£ǧʿ̳ǰȥ¥ϵȻ޷Ƕ䵽ˡ
»һŽţǱײ
Ϊ׷оٶȣźǧûдκսߣֻÿȥײ
ⳤشǧǶʱײġ
ܿ˿ÿͨԲľƻܣ
ǣ
ƻܵĵײ˲Χ£ľƳɵģÿ峵ײš
һһһ
һںźţԲľײڳϣʳǶڲ
ʱȻ¥¼ͰһĽв̺ôɢ
Ⱥ̫ܼһ֧϶¾Եȼο滹м֧ڵǡ
ʱһƬ𺣣˷һš
׿ڣĶȴһ㶼ҷɣԼҾаǧˣֻǧ
Ҳ֪⼸Ƕ
ⲻһƾеսȴһս޿ˣսʤɱ
Σ۵óѡ
ճ˵ۺܿĿ겻ǳҾǻʹҲһЩ·ʳǡҲ̫࣬ϾҪ˶Ŀ̫ҾʱӦճܸıҲ࣬ΪճҪǣס۵Ĵ󲿶ӣӲ롣
׿ҪģΣ۵ļıóѡ
еļƽϢԲľײŵ
һֻӲƴˣ
ˣ ˣ ˣ
űײһɲǣ׿߾𽣣źţս޲ʤ
ս޲ʤ
ս޲ʤ
ս޲ʤ
źУ׿·ص˳κճ㹲ͬϽʱĻ档
һΣȻƽȹģ
һ۾Ϳվź׵׿죬ͷ߸ţһѳƺûʲô仯촽ţ۾гһֱߣ۽ǵɰ˶ɢʡ
뿴սˣյһϧͬ
׿Ҳһ۾ͿȻճǰ˵Ŀԣǲ⾪ȵüͬʱҲںϿ˳ɳİĺۼ
ȥսˣ֮ǰǸӸˣ͹ԳǣҲ˲ѪԺηʣǸƴڻĳСˡ
׿üĸϹ㣬ҡ
ǣ
ɱ
һź˲սһƬ׿һֱ̤ϵĺ
׿챼оЩϲҲ̤˦
ǴûĽǰйд裬Ҳһβһһαƴȫ
ţעҪô׿ҲõĽ
˭û飬Ҳ޷ʤһ
ҲѲۿʤǰһйһ
Ŷ󷽵һʧ˸ɫȥ۽һ˱ѸٽǰʿȻ͵͵Ӳ˳ȥ
׿ȫעںϣûп͵ߵһˡ
ǻ˴ӲųƽٵȻѾйŮڵˣһگ顣
̫ʱдĴλگ顣
گ£ûõģˣÿɾʹˡ
׿ͺѽѷ֣˶һԣȫʽϡ
Щȣ׿Ĺ죬ûаʤ
׿Ҳ̾ţս꣬ȷɳ˲٣ûô໨ڵʽˣжһ̶á
Ĳɿʱһʥּ
ּǸղ͵ߵǻˡ
ּ̫ʵãΪ轭ɽȹ̣λǳ֮ӣ

ʲôһˡ
ͻȻٻʱ׿ѾҲһѷĽ

 119 

֣ͣ
ϼ׿ѾЮס˺֣̽ͣúЦ
֣ͣˡ׿Ҳ˳ƷԸˣ˫˾롣
ûдӸոگлعǰѾһơ
Щû뵽ôûãһ򲻹֪ͲǰˣҲˡ
Ϻеĳ׿˵֪֪Юֵ˭
׿춥źЦ£ҵȻ֪˭ΪˣҲŲܷš
ǰûм׿죬Բ˽Ƣԣ˿ҲóȻġ
ϳǼگʹ˸ɫǼ̵ͷ
ѾɣϾûк֮ˡ
ֻҪôǰ棬䣡
Цһ´ճ治Ϊλɱ̫ϣ̫گΪ֤ڳλʶȤ̷Ͷ򡭡Υߣɱ⣡
ʲô
ܣ
ڳʿһ׷׷ŵǶǳҾеʿһ£Բ֮䵽׷ʲôټϴǰ̫λһֱڱ״̬Ǹ֪֮١
Ǵĵﲻţճı档
˵
үôı棿
Ϻ£ǿԲңǴı̫گҵϣѾ˵ˣϱôλ򴫸»ʾָȥЮ»ʵۣ˵ı棡ң
⡭
ЩʿЩˣ׷š
ȴȻ˵˻ϣ㵽˵ʲôô»ʣλôᴫңǵ׻Ҷ£
üȫ˼ڳҾϣɲ뺫ʱң͵ˣʵ㵱ҲõҲõ̫گдѵҪ°ڲˣҪҵ䵽Щ
סˣҡǡ
ô׿ĵִûʵ𣿡
ȻûУΪʲôҪʵ̷ۣȷʵδй뷨
ô˵Ҳ֪̫Ҫѻλ£
һͷˮô֪ʲô֪
׿£ΪʲôȺһ飿
࡭ͷðູ飬׿˵ֻǲΪʲôӣǰҵңһ⸸дţ˵ˡ춼ѾˣһֻһУֻȳҸף࡭ķ𣿡
أ
Ҳ֪Һ㣬Ǹ˵
㸸𣿡
ҵȻĻȻסˣΪͻȻʶ׿ôƺ⣬ʲô˼
׿ѾﵽԼĿģջ˽ĺļ磬Ĳү̫󡭡ԼҾ춼ǣΪþϻλеԵɣԺȥ죬ģҪǣվߣǱߡ
㡭һˣ˵ʲô
֪һӺ⣬ѡ񡣡
ϵɫΪѿ˵ӣҪǵĻ̫گΪ֤ѾõϢھͱѺ̲֮УǽѾȻȥҺڣҪǣ
ΪѣԼͷΪʲôҪЩֻȥսһȻ֤Լĸ׿ȴһõѣһʮʼΪ𾴵ĸףΪʲôҪѡ
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪һԴĻҲ˼֣Ƭ̧̺ͷ˵޷ֱ˭˵ģһҿȷ
׿üʲô£
սȭͷǲϵģگ滹Ǽ٣Ҷϵġ
׿ţĬĬع´ǣ֪ǾԲҪƵ۵˼ġ
Ѿŭɶȥˣ㺫ڲ뵱ʵۣǵİȫʱͲ˻᲻Ķ¼Ҿ֮أеĽʩ
ڽʿȻȺѵֿҲͲˡɱ
׿Ҳۣקҿս϶ѧʲô
ǧӦս޲ʤ
ʱ䣬ٴƴ⣬һȷѪꡣ
׿Ҳ֪Լ˶£ֱֱ۶Щ̧ˣֱϵȫѪɫȾֱߵһ¡
̫ˣЩŲסˡ

ǰճ˵ҪһҪ
ʣʲô񣿡
ճ˵Ѿһ̷̫СŮ�ʵ̫һگģگдǣҪλ
۴ԭһΪ
׿һǸô죿
ճ˵һ۵ҪĿǣگ飬ҪҲگ鹫֮¡
׿ŵǲͳıˣ
ûճ˼ţһԼ춼ҵ㹻ĺԣΪӵ»ʣǲѳ
׿ʹӣĿã
Ҫ£һȾ
һۣĬϡ
ճͷûֻлˣگܹ֮ڣʵҡ
׿ͷǱסϲˣϿ֪ͨȥһ㡣
Сճҡͷڳֻһˡ
׿첻⣬Ϊʲô
ճ˵ܺûеϵԸֻҪ۵˽˹ıˣҪ뺫лǱڻǰ֤ǱвȵģǱƭˣûκλ˼ֻܻ
һ˵꣬׿סˣɵɵĿû˵
ôˣճü
׿һᣬ˳˽ճĻ΢΢Ц˵үҺÿġ
ճ㱻ûɵŪЩͷԣȻеҲ׿ļ磬ʣôˣ
׿Ц£Ǹˡ
Ϊճڲôˡ
ǵճսʱ˵һֱֺ飬ǲһ˿ʴȵģڵѾԽ
һΣѡźΪ·
׿춼ûʶжôΣգճ뵽ˡ
׿ãԹԵʣүʲôƻôû֪޹ģ
ճ̾Ҫ񡣡
ճļƻǣǰ߻ΣգȻҾУԼҾʹ֮һȥگ飬ʱһȰźõĹŮگ齻ǣǻѾˣΪճ㻹һ˵ǣֻû뵽ǰȥگôô򷢣ûȹŮ˵Ḷ́Ǿˡճţõگ֮һἱڰѳҾʱ׿Ϊϴԩʱˡ
û⡣׿ճͷһû֪޹ġ
ճ㴹üȥգԭǲȥģǺĸ˽⣬ֻ˵ԡ
׿ͷףʵҺܿģүôҪ񽻸ңģһ轫
ճ㱻ַĵӶЦıǼ⣬ǵãԼ
һ

 120 

ڣ׿쵹֮ǰ
Ԯˣ
һĿաˣ˳ţٵĵƽ˻ԼҾһЩѵȫץ
ǣ
׿ĽëѾմѪҺЩڵߣһȺ׵ʿԼҾ൳ȫ£˷Ȼ󼸲ߵǰ
׿ſ壬ɫڣĿĸߴҿ࣬źļӲףͷһ٣ϵıЩࡣ
׿ࣿ
׿ýʳŵأʹԼڵ£ǣ׿ࡣ
һüȻһЦúúáҾ֪ճСӵ۹ⲻһȻף
׿Щͷԣʽǣ
Īа
Īа׿һ㶣Ȼǳ౱εĳӣ
׿̱ȭΰݣʵ̫ʱˣ֮ǰүֻ˵ҪǳŵԮȣû뵽Ȼ
Īаϵüͺãһ·һ浣ǳŲסİɣͽˡ
׿ǳЦ£ֻô춼Ǹأ춼ôԶô̵ʱ䣬ܸϵüɡ
Īаԭ֮˵ɣˡģ
׿һüôôҪˣϿĪаȥϡ
ϴ˿ڳǰĽϣһӲȥûʲôˣǰվżƣĳҾʿ󷽵սҲͦҵġ
Īаμϣȼ٣ˡ
´̧ۿһվߵĪаǰ
ǣ
׿Ҫ˵ȥսβкܶҪ
صţһ۾Ϳ˳ȷĺ
ĻҲȫѪ첲ͺ£׿Ͻ߹ȥҪҪ
̧ͷٶۣ࡭
ô
û¡һܣˣ
ţˡ
ͻȻһֱӲŵĺԼϥ䣬ĳš
޷ǰ⼸Щʲôаǧصĸܣһȫӿ˳Ϊ̫ˣΪҵս¶ʹΪԼľ޴롣
ҲһʮĺӶѡ
׿ļ硣
Ҳ֪ðοЩʲôΪδıڵȴ㡣
޷Լģֻܾ̬ȶѡ
һᣬ˵ӵ£ӳĲ˳ȥץϿһĻ۾ŭպˡ
ɪɪţ𡭡
Ҳע⵽ˣЩãʣϻţ
Ȼ׿Ц¡
ӣȻȵĿ׿죬Ǹղš
׿һʬ°ǳսбڵϵگ飬һۣȻк֣گֶЦ˵ղţλʧ֮ˡ
ȴһ׹߬گղǹô˵ģ԰ɡΪڻǰ֤ûҪ췴
׿ߵ£ָָگ飬ⶫҪˡֻпܱס㡣
ۺᣬЩ˵ζôң
׿첻˼ĵͷȻֹţүҲ㡣
ԾûϢˣмΣΪڿԶǷʱճ׿Σжҡġ
׿֪ʲô㰲οͷ㣬ҲỳɣϾѲ⣬ûʲô
ô˵ҵġ
췴ô˵ڣϾʮ֮ˡ
׿ĬĬ̾˿飬ǵ֮ɣҡֻϣסΣǽΣıʱ˿̵㡣
һģ׿ƺкܶܡ
һ仰׿˵öԣǽ󣬶ıһ̵ǡ
лл㡣˸ЩѿЦ
׿ЩĵϣӦ˺һЦȻͱ۾˯˹ȥ
Դʧȥ֮ͺѻָ۷״̬һս͸ˣ׿찵ĽһҪŬУ˵Ҫվճߣһ
ʱ׿ԺĿ˿ܣڳţҲںһӾ
ǳӪ
˯˶ãճôˣ
ţ׿û˼ϴĵ·һͷɢŵͷͳ˳ȥ
ţ׿һתӭײһӰ
ûü˭׿ͱһĻ
ϸָ׿ĺԣһ˲䲻ľ̤ʵˡ
׿Ͽ컷סճСʵˡʲôʱģûˣ˯˶ãôң
ͷϵЦ£Ȼͳ𣬡ôô⣿
׿ÿûˣ˱ճıŸá
𶯣ұ
һ䣬׿ƶһ̹ɵĲˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻ˿һ
үΧˣҪҲؼȥ
׿Ͻ̧һȻǫЦ߻վкͺ֮⻹ҪĪаҲһЦĿǡ
׿ٿһ£ͷ쵽ŵġ
ճ㿴ı飬ûס׿ҵͷǾͻؼٱ
ĪаͻȻЦǰճ㣬û뵽СҲһ찡
ճ㵭Ц£磬ȡЦ𣿡
ڡĽ㣬šԣĽ㣬ȻҵŮкܣĽû뵽Ҳйܸܰܵշðǲ򵥰
áŮкܡ
һסˣڿƺʲôûģȻ֪һֱǹĪĲʸʲôˡ
ԭǸλ뵽ڱ߾ʱǸҹҹСŮ˼һӾˡ
ճĪаĻֻЦЦû˵ʲô׿ȴѾߵ۾ÿĶ֪ˡ
׿ץͷϿתƻҪȥģ
ճ֪ڹһ˵ͰŵҪȥãȥ·Ҳɡ
ŶŶ׿ע⵽Լһ磬ȥҺܿ
áճ˵ŷſĪаȥ
ǫں棬·׿ʱ͵͵˸Ȼ׿ݺݵػؾһţǫצʱѾи°ˡ
ֻʣºһԭأһ
׿ʶոĪаĻᵽݣ֪¡
ǰСԲ𡭡ҲֻǾжݣȽϷ㣬ԡ
̧ͷ۾׿쿴ҲЦ£Ȼҡҡͷû¡Ҿ˵ô˵Ůװôÿԭ㻹ǸŶԣӦý
ǧ𣡡׿ҡͷһϣǰһֻҪԸ⣬ǻõֵܣ
õֵ
΢΢ҧãԶõֵܡ
׿ϲ۾û뵽Ȼô׵ľͽĽͣȥðɣһȥ·
áͷĵȻͻȻתȥס׿죬࣡
ţôˣ
۾ģʱ䣬ǵûŮװҿҼÿĹ
׿΢ЦŵͷȻתʧ˺ߡ

 121 

˵
׿»һ·򵥵ױһ£͸˹ȥ
һžͿĪаЦţ׿ǰļֶֹֻѣǳ౱ĳӣ౱һĸӣӣŮСŮꡣ
Īаպ̳г౱λˣԳ౱ζĽ̵ʮϿĪаսǱӪҲط
׿쿴Īаڵɫ֪Ǹսˡ
ճϵĮȫͬȼŻҪһжȼմһ
磬ζлˡ
ճ˵ţ׿˽ֻ࣬λҳͬ˵ĳ׽Īа
μ׿һݡ
ĪаЦǶһˣðǲ֪СдŸ˵׵ʱжྪȣ㵽ǸʲôĹأ
ճ㴹ĿЦ£ĸǼôûи𣿡
Īаȵˣĸ˵õʱ򣬻ǸСѾͷأҲ֪ʲôüëһĸ׸ǿһõĻ񣡡
ҵĻ񣿡׿ЩȣѾ˳౱Щˡ
ճһĿһĪа
ô˵Īа˿Ц㿴ûУʲôС˼ȫţҸ˵СӿɵЩͷˣĸ׶ˣ˵Ϊĸ״춼ǴȥĻȻͲ跹˼ôꡣ
׿ЩĿճ㣬ʣ
ճֻĿȴǰûڣ֪ܻķʽ׿֪統Ը׿ء
˽ĪаģҪڴǲܵģ簡ϲ
Īа鼤ĸ˵ʱСԴӿ轣ͼ֮û¾ĸ׵鷿ܣ˵ЩʵΪ˿㣡ĸ׸ɴĻ鷿۵λãӵĲҽȥˣÿξſ͵͵һۣȻװʲôûƵ߿Ϊ˭֪أʵȫĸ׿ˡ
ĪаӺЦţ׿ҲϵĹ˴ǣֻ۽һֱһԵճ㡣
׿컹ΪճΣɫһֱܴݣֻĬĬעһ̶ƿ
ĸ׻ΪֻÿкӶе궯ҲûķϣľͲԾˣҲóܵʵڹ㣬ÿ˵µһֶŲ£СҲÿζ˵Լ⣬²ôʡߡ˭֪ںľԼݣû뵽ʱѧˣˣ˭˵ôһϡû뵽춼±֮󣬻ˡĪа´Ȼճļ򣬡УСУǸ֡
ճջ׿ͣĿ⣬Īа磬սµġ
٣Īаɨ˵գգۣ˵ǰɣСӣ鶼ˣôʰ㣡
ճЦ£磬ˣһһûʤУҲûʤҡ
㣡Īаû˵
ճȥУһװʲôûһճȻĵͷáǵúõĴһ
ǰг౱ţճĲ֢Բֵܻд裬ֻ֣ǽܣԿ˭ʤһ
а˵˰ȫԸ飡
ģһ㣬ĸϲ
˵󻰵ı¼ҵҪʲôͣ
ֻ˵ʵͲ࣬ԸѾ㹻ˡ
٣СӣûûСġ
׿쿴Ƕ첻Цûмճ㣬һӻصЩӣǸʱճ㣬ҲǵƤģҲǼģҲҵġ
ճɫʼ˵¡
׿һţ֪ԭԼѾ˯һˡ
ճ춼ʮҰԣճ۵ԼҾһɢɳһһǸûֿ̫Ѿˡ
ճΪ˻ʧ˽ˡ
ѱѺȻдá˵ԼҾνְλѾȫˡӦò֪еĻүôǣ
ճ̧ۻһڼϵı飬׿ǽŵ֪÷ĵ۾ɷá
˶һǶճһ£ѱߣɱ⡣
еͷ˵ԼҾĺݳҵ˴ĴӦԳŵʳ͵
áճͷЩʳͺ˵䡣
ǡ
˵һᣬ鴦߰˰ˣ׿ЩĿ˿ڡ
үôôɵǰȼأʱΪҪȵԮճ㡣
ŶĪаһЦ»ôӴǰ˵𡭡
ʱ౱յһ춼ǵţ˵Ҫճٻؾ
׿һ㣬׿Ң뾩ʱϵ춼б˽ճؾǷţ
ûĪаûлرǾţ춼ǿǷʲôˣ׵Ҵ춼ǿһһûߵ춼ǣ˳ҾȥĴŹ٣ͬ˵Ҳ֪ԭ춼ǳô£ҸϽҹЪĺϵϵˣ˵ҽ춼ֱ֮ʹҾˡ
ԭ׿쳤һû뵽صһţǾһ
ճͷҲڳǰյ˴Ϣʱʱȣұûͬϸ͡
׿ҡҡͷҪͣľ

ȺɢȥʱɫѾˡ
׿ճүкǫĪаڳӪȥ˶լ
һ¹ƽ׿˿ԡУķ㶡
źصլ֮УҪٵп࣬ĴҲ֪ܾܲܵס
ĳճ˽
ү
ճ㲻һԣĬĬ׿ǰȥȫȻûԡ֮С
׿챻ڵˮĵչ̣Ծתȥһԡ
ҿճĵ˵
׿ˡ
ճסҿˡ
Ŷ׿ͷԼۣһһģһǳ˿ڡ
𣿡ʡ
׿ҡҡͷҩĨ˾Ͳˡ
ճָ˿ڣۣ㱧ʱҺµķȻ˵ֻ˯ˡ
׿ҧ´Ȼļϣôǿǻһεˡ
ǰճ㾲ĴһǶҡˣҲ֪ӦķʽߣǶԻǴ
׿һ͵תȥˣӦңҺ㲢սģ
ճëڷҲΪĳεģǵĿսˣҡ
׿ͻȻסճͣЩ˵Ҫս;
ճɫٿһۣ˲۾ȼһȻ
ӵס׿죬ĥ
ܿŻյı˴˶޷˼ֻиΪӵʹ˵ĵİ⡣

 122 

Ѿûгˡ
ԴӺЩ飬ͰԼһ˹˵ҲϳԶ
ףһζ
õ࣬ںķţ磬ٳһ㶫ɡ
ҲûκλӦ̾˿ĬĬ߿ˡ
żĻ֪ûкתο˵㣬̫ˣֻһʱ仹ܲˣܻ׵ġ
̾ͷȷʵҲֻܵȺԼ߳ˡ
Լ֪ЩӣҲһѰʱаޣɺȴֻ
ںϵĵڶ뿪ģ˵кҪҪȥ
ʲôҪ飬ѵĸŮϻҪҪ
û뵽޾Ȼ˵ͷȻˡ
ζ˵ĿɬԼվǸ۵ɡ
ڵ˼ȫ˵˺ϣΨһˣ¡
ţȥ׿ɡ
ʲôһԼ˻
סֵȥҰ࣬һҸϵˣȰȰ磡
⡭ŴЩΪѣô죬Ҳ׿ӻæذɡ
ۣǸѾûгԶˣĵ벻Ѿֻһˡĵġ
Ŀ̾ˣúáްҴӦˡ
ģ
š΢Цŵͷ

⼸׿һֱڳӪճ㼸æƵ⣬ۿǸ˲鷳òײͷ
ǫԹţôһ͵ûûҹĴЩ⣬һӶùѽԹ鱧ԹǸ˺ܶʵԵĽͽ
׿Цһ˵ţ˵õء
飬ɢȥϢнסǫ˵Ҫ
ȥһڷűһǫע⵽˹мġüԴףЪ֮˫֮һֱҪޭݵ鱻˳ҲǫһӶټ
ǫ߹ȥһ˵ߣءҲΪʲôֻϲӵԭ
˵ˣԭ
ǫЩʵˣⲻ˵ѡ
ôõĽϧˡ
ĬĬؿȻѽ
ʵûôϧ
ǫӱﵽӪʱÿŶլӵͣ£ǰȥкȻͿȴˡ
죿Щȡ
쿴ֱӺ۾һ˹ǫ˸
ˣڻˡ
ǫţҲֱӰƿ³ʱÿһĻ
ǫ˼ЦЦȻĺı˶أĹˣôޱӣ
ǫȻ֪ΪʲôޣٴЩ첻ԸĻ䣬һغЦš
ιıɶҼ
ȻЦ˳
۹ӡ߹΢΢лչ˵ܵܣһɡ
ĻСүҵְڣûʲôģοСүҲ翤ĵӣǡͦģģԿɲصģϽһаá
Ź𴽽ǵЦţǾͺá
ǽʲô
ĨĨ˵Ұġ
ʲô
Ҹ硭촹ͷȥ֪˼֮ѾԼˣʵڵԲ׿࣬ȰȰ磬һĻˡ
ǫɫɥҲ󵽺ʧӣ̾һҴȥ
ҵ׿ʱؾһЩȡ
ôһ飿
˵ž˹˵鰸ǰ࣬ȥҸɣֻܾˣ
׿һ￩һ͵ź£ֻ⼸̫æµʵûʱȥ£һĻ̾ͻˡ
ôˣʲôˣ
ҸϳԷҲϼǡһ˶ڷѾˣ浣벻
׿Ȼĵͷã֪ˣ͸ȥ

˫Ŀڴ֮µĵϣһִϥϣһĴţѾ˺ܾãõѾӲ޷
Ҳ붯
ԺһֱģǺ
صլ˽˵ЩԴݻĻ
ԭǳĸǰޣǸѰ޶ĽҰĸĺʮĸס
׵Ϊ棬Ǻ̫֮˽ӡ
оԼԴҪըˣ޷ܣԸš
һһģģ
ˣˣˣ
űˣ˸ûκ
׿ЩżŴ򿪡ǲţҾŽȥˣ
һֱû켱ֱţ࣬ô졭
𼱡ÿŽȥ
˵ţ׿һȻһţ˵һľ߿ˡ
æܽȥͿĿ͵Ǹûв˽һ
磡
׿æһסȻԶŵȴȥ׼Щ嵭ķˣȰ
ŵͷáȻźߡ
˶ߺ°׿ţȻ¡
ͫƶһ¡
׿챧Լ˫ϥǸ˾ðȫơ
ǲǺܺްЩ˵ˣ
ͷĿͣĲϡ
Բ𡭡˵ұ˵
ǺޱĿҲ˵
ΪӦ֪ࡣ
˭˿ڣޱȵ˻ơ
׿תͷȥţͺ˳׶꣬ȴûеõӦеĶԴӦ֪࡭аޣôֺ꣬ô꣬Ӧ֪࡭죬㡭һֱģΪδĮӦ֪ࡣ
žડһ
û뵽ྐྵȻôпᡣ
Բ𡭡
۾Щ㣬˵࡭ûᡭϣ˵ܵ˲㡣
׿ЩȣĲ֪ѵںԼʵ𣿡
ںıЩʹֻ࣬ǲǰеΡ
㣿ʲô˼׿Щסˡ
۾عҡҡͷûʲô¶ѣ˵ˡ

 123 

պ󣬳ϡ
ճµȥڴ֮󣬷׷׿佱ճ°Ư
дͷ˵ճ˰񣬵ֵ飬һޡ
ΣҪϺúüν£˵ǼӾҲΪɡ
۵֣ճȴע⵽ϵɫôÿĵ飬â¶ʲô£ҪЩˡ
֮־ͺԶһᣬ̲Ѿ漰İѲʵԶҲԴ˹ϲ䡣
ߣϱ࣬Ѳôþôãˡ¾ͽ㴦ɡ
ǣ¡
Ȼ󺫺Զն̣պ̡
³֮ճ׿˵飬һ£Ǿ¸߸ãϾһӦúúõ
źʱ֮׿ȥ֪ͨõԴ뺫ɢ֮׿һֱź״̬ʣ˺ܴĴ
ͺȻǺҵĺӣʵЩġ
һֱ˼ɵĹ˵ı仯ʵϵģǻϵģһӦˣҲûôѹˡ
ɺǣʮУҪĺۼǶԸ׵ľأĸɫ롭ȻǶ̼ˡ
׿˶θǰһ˴һ˶լţ׿ע⵽Ϲϸӡ
һᣬլĹܼҳţһˣü
๫ӣôѽ⡭⺫Ĳڸϡ
˲ţ֪ô˵ģ⻹ȥģ
׿췭ʣܼңô£
ϣ׿ܼע⵽㿪һŵ
ιƾʲôܽүͲָܽ׿
ܼҷܵŲǣ׿ǿĿˣ๫ͱΪˣ⺫Ѿڸˡ
˵ž͹˴ţƾôãҲӦˡ
׿ŹܼԺߣһô£
ǹܼ̾˿ȥʺɡ
׿ں԰ҵźͺģʯϣ֪˵ʲô׿Ĵ˿ûкӰ
ֱ߽䣬˵Ǵſڵء
ϸүʲô
˵˲ע⵽
࡭
׿ӡ
£Ȼ˱裬˫ԼɫΪѿ
˵׵ġ
ȿȡ׿챻Ǻˣף˭ףģ
ͷ
ǪϵСӣҲǸŰ֮ǰȥףʱԶ԰Ů׵ɸˣ֮һĶǫϣԶ簮ȻҲͰЩĵĻ£ֻû뵽ǪվȻô쵰źҰ䣬Һ˻¡
뿴ҺҵЦҧΪҰˣҾͻż޸Σ
㡭αΪ˶أŰѾùܼҴˣѲܴƫҪ߲ɣ
׿ͷ˵ĲϾǶլп⣬ôġ
ίĨᣬǰܹί˵ǸϵĶӣǸĻ׹ҲҶô߬ȭͷһжıˣû˻ᵲǰٴĻҲᴦһС
ڵֻܺͺΪˡ
ͻȻһЩƵɤ𣬡ô˵
תͷȥȻǺ
һɫ·ͷ򵥵ȻĹвٳ룬ɫϿѾָ˲پ
硭
߽Ůͷϣ࣬ģиأû۸㡣
š͵صͷǣÿһŶΪ˺
׿쿴źȻʶǰ⼸֮ɳ࣬ı仯һҲЩۣǸĿ꣬ȴòĲпĲ̡
Խᶨ׿ԽΣЩעסġ
࣬ʲô𣿡ʡ
׿ͷ
Ͳµ˴𰸣ҵϢ𣿡
׿ֵͷүѾźˣл𡣡
һᣬǿסᣬûôǿˣ
ǲûʶֻˣɵҪʱŷ׼޼¡
հһǣú׼ɡ
׿˵껰뿪˶θЩἸ

תۼʱ͵ˣͺ챻̲Ρ
ǵһĵطԶηһ㣬ѺĶһЩݵˡ
Σһ޻ȥĿˡ
Զηţ泯ǽš
εЩӣлĻԼһôںޣʣµҲһ̾Ϣѡ
űϽ
Զתͷþȥĺӣɵͷ˺ˣҲԼ
졭ôˣǻϰץ𣿣ûйϵûйϵ
˵û¡Ǻүǽһġ
ԶںڰԶԶĿǣȻû˾񣬡߰ɡﲻǸôĵط
ɽ߹ٿɡ
ô飬ʲôأ
Զڰ֣Щᣬ߰ɡ߰ɡҲǿ̫¡Ѿ޷ˣҲǵĵ
ȻûҪ뿪˼üͷÿ°ڣͨһȥ
Ҳȥ
ǡǸʲô
Ӹȥһͷ
лл֮
Ȼ󣬿µڶͷ
Ǹл֮
ֿһͷ
ǡлһֱİͰݡ
ԶˮǵԲסǡǵԲסǡ
ָ΢΢ţΨûжԲˣҺá
ԶЩסˣǡޡԹֵ𣿡
˶ҡҡͷţһˣôԹأ
Ҳ۾˵֪˺ܶ£Ƕ˵Ǹףûʸʲôҵ

ġһúչ졭һúȥġ
ԶǿһһͻȻޱԼΪʲôϧԼӵеأ
ԶڴӺڰվߵűߣȥӵͷ
ֱһ̣ڳں޵ζ

 124 

ҹԶڲϯϣþòߡ
ΪվҪ̶µĲ˯һе˯⡣
ߵͷʱһ·ϣӵйķ羰
ԶţϾһƬȥԭ档
ԼʱǸլӣԼˣԼȥǸ޹ĺӣһμʱļҲ˵֪Լ֮ʱľ㵺
Լں÷ļڣŸ춼ǵġ
Լ滨µ죬߽˼ָĴš
ͳܿҹ̸һӰҡҷ
ΪϼµǸҹһưôꡭ
ѧеһʱķĺ˵Ŀ
۾֪ԼأϧֻЩźźԼһ㾡ȴһ޳ɡ
Ƕ̫󣬻Ǻ֮ѣǳܿ
ҹĿ£·нŲڵϵԽԽԽԽͣĶߡ
Ȼһֻļͷ
Զٿ۾ʶһвǻþ
ܿһ£ɫɴһߡ
ܿ
ԶЩȣôģô
ܿ˰벽ؿǰˡ
˵ֻá
Զţɱҵģ
ܿĴһذףֱںԶǰ˲ʹ͸ϵ£Ƥ֡
Զûиоκʹ˿ƵģЦ¡
̳
ܿذףһ֮ǰ㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ĬˣܿԽı䣬׼ʱԶ˵ˡ
Բ𡭡ţ֪˵ʲôˡһϣҴṳָ̂󣬴ûʶ㡭
ܿҧذӲֲֽȥһָ̤֮ǰɱ㡣
ǡЦ
ҲáҲá
Զ̧ͷɴס̧֣ժɴ¶˿ڡ
ȻЩ˺ۺܿ£ԶˣԶ͸Щںɫİ̺ۣ˳ʱȴա
شһ˺ۣ˵ţԸһԸҾͲ㡭ҲͲ˺㡭ϲЩۼҲʹꡭ
ܿǰһȷģҲŵġ
ܿԲ𡭡һûûҾ߽˼ָ󡭡Ҿǿ㣬㡭Ȼ㡭
죡Ҫ˵ˡ
Ҫ˵ĻˡԶס֣Ҳԭңֻ㣬ôûһ첻Ϊ˺ڡûһ첻尾ҡûһ졭㡭
죡ܿϵذ˼֣Զһ
ܿҡûκˡԶͷðһ㺹ѾЩˣɻǼᶨĿ۾һӣԲסˣ㡭ң޻˵ֻһ¡һӦҡչ˺졭ǵĺӰҵĺӰ
ܿᣬߵģǶߵģ
ҡһжҵĴ޹ġ㡭չ˺ǡ
ذȫû뺫ԶţǿŲϵ¡
ܿܿܿ
ܿɿ֣ȫǺʮһֱɱʱΪȴûһ㿪ĵĸоأ
ԶɫѾòҰף¶ߣǰĳܿģʱģ̵ӡļ
΢΢Цţһ˿ߣϺԶˣոǸϡ
ŵҪΪϼ£ϺͷȢš
ֻʳˣܿߣǿͷԶź
ԶʶԽƮԽԶǰ΢ЦŵĳܿҲɢ
һʳԣٸһΡ
ԶѾܲؿڵָۣΡΡͷռѵĸЦĳܿͷϡ
ܿǡڡˡڡȢȢˡ
˵һ֣ǰþƵ˱ʧ޾ĺڰ֮УԶȥԶ۾
ηֻ֮ʣܿǰͷϸһɫɴ
ܿ޵ʧһʱȻֲ壬ԼǺһЩǰöһЩ
֮ʵĺԶִİĺɴǵͷʱһ˲䣬ʱ·һ㡣
ûиĳΪ˷ޣһж
ĹãƾѪմԼ·ϡ
´ðͷ뿪

ڴϷȥ˯ţȻǸϤɡ
׷˷ȻһŮǣ
һЩͬûдɴͷϸһ飬ȴһ
ͣסˣҲ˺
ЩѾܶӣʹ𣿻ǻԹޣʧ
µһĻӲ
߽Ȼ£ҹ紵ϣһŨصѪζ
ɱ˵
һʱû⣬һ²ʶ˼
˵ǺԶ
һӱסˣΪԼԽܵģһķʱɫף
ܿЦ£һҪһ˭ñȽϲң
ͷӲߵʹ𣿡
ʹ࡭ܿ˵˵ʹ࣬Զˡ
ΪʲôһҪɱҪˡ
ܿתͷȥΪҺܴǸϻΪ˱ҴӦԼһҪɱ
Ʋȥ֪ʲô̬ȣһɱ׵ĸס

شҲ֪ôش
ܿɬĳԼͷϵɴЦˣɵϡΪ˸ͷȢҹͷҪƵİˮĵĨţ˾ǴˣôֲûáҸ˸ͷҲزȥˡ
ʣ㻹𣿡
ܿסᣬ˵ɣѾˣ޲޶ûˡ
أҵĴڻ𣿡
ܿɫ˱䣬ҲǿһҪңҲ䡭
ϡᶨ㣬Ը𣿡
ܿЩȣû뵽ôͽԼȻҵȻҪ㣬ҵĶӣ
ǾͲҪ˷ʱˡһѱסܿĸס
ܿһסˡ
ĸסԶ۾ɬţĸ׵ӵѾ̫ˣֱܿҲļϣĵ׵սһ˿
һúػ㡣
ĸסһúϧ㡣

 125 

˯һ̤ʵ
ֻݵİֻһ϶ѣڶһ̲ԾԴ˵Ҫ뺫һ̲ϵ顣
֪Զܿɱ֮ѾԤϵĽˣ͢ǰһɱһϲ顭ֻĵЩûи߰ޣΪǷݺ⣬⣬ôֻ㡣
ѾˣȥԼ£ѡ¡
޵ڶŵĻĿźߣ֪ҹʲôֻ֪׶༪ˡ
ӽʱ׿켱Ҵҵĵ˶լһžʣô£
ͶҲֻҡҡͷȷʵʲô֪
׿켱ԭشת񳿺Ȼ˵Դ˺ֹ̲κ˶ȥճ˺ܶ취Ŵ̲ǱһϢ˵ǺԶˣһĿڡ
˾ȥԶĺá
ҵˣһ̱˵ϣ˭ɵģվ֮գ˭ôһ춼Ȳ𣿡
׿ü̲˵Ϊɵġ
ⲻܣҡͷҺ͸һȥģ뿪֮ҲǼģôץأ
Ҳͷ˵̲ԺӰɣΪȥԻɣΪʲôȴ߽أ
׿Ŵ˵ûΪʲôߺأֻһԭǾǺǻϵߵġ
뵽ˣ׿Ҳһ̶סˣԶ˵ţҪȥϢġүѾȥˣһˮʯ׵ġ

ʱϣռֵܶҲΪ¶š
һŭ⣬ΪҲ֪һҼľ㣬ڳ飬㻹޵ǰΪ飿ûѾǿˡ
ϣһǺΪûȥɱԶ
ôûɣü˽٣ô֪ΪɱԶڣ
ڣճЩȣΪʲôҪڣʲôûһѾˡ
ǡ˵棬ͷɵ޿گдʲôλ봫ǺԶԹԵ˵;ˣΪʲôԼҾһ·춼ǣֺȻ굽һߡһʼôҲ벻ףڿҲǿԼҴȥԼնɽ𡭡˵ĻôͱɱԶ򺫺Զǹʲôͱˣ
ճվڵϣֱϵ˵סˡ
ϣôΪ
޵Ȼô룡˼ĶûϹλãͲ˽жڻĿ
ճ䣬ܼźǸˡ
üǲĵ˭ǣ𣿡
ճĿԣκһЦ֪ܶȨû˿Ȥ
𡭡ҲЦ£ȻƲ۾ȻǿӲĵ֮㲻ٲˣѾȥˣ治ɱģҲԩ
ϣ
޲˵ڶ飬°ɡ
ճ֪޷Ȱϵˣֻһǣ֪ˡ

ʱ򣬸ϸһͣ˶լĴǰһιܼûа˺ߣΪǪ˵а취Ⱥ
Źܼߵʱһݵϣɫ㲼ˣһԶŲ룬Ȱȿڲһ
Ǫտһǵע⡣
մһɫĳ񣬷Ƕһҹ飬ǰƶ̷£٬μſá
ſһۣȻصԼλϣ࿪żɽ˵๫ӣȷа취ܾȺ𣿡
ǪյͷȻ
˹⣬ôȣ
ǪտۣЦ˵˵ϽϺμҴ飬û뵽ӵһˮûȾվﱻʶģôƲ𣿡
üƽȷдֻǽΪ콹ģҲûô࣬Ǫôһ˵վ͵е๫ӣֻǾУ¡ɡСԧ衭
Ǫչ´ǣƵ߹ȥ£ɵ뵽ǰҸȥ׵ʱ
ʱĺ涼û¶ֻкԶһһĹ򶼲ʹǣһӡ
Сԧ˲׼ʱǪס˲豭ڣЦ¡
ΪƷʲãͽ˵ϽõĶ裬ȡ¶ˮݵģ๫Ʒһڱ֪
ǪղŪһͷȻǵĿĲ費áСԧǾôõĲ裬ȴһѾϧˡ˭֪᲻Ⱦָĳζѽϧ
Сԧͨ죬ڶլôãܹί
üͷСԧʹ˸ɫȻЦů˵ǾΪɡ
Ǫֵס豭ΪƽǻҿɲҺȡЦſۺ죬ҪȻɺɣΣ
Ż𣬾֪Ǫվǹ׽ŪģҲѡ
߹ȥӹСԧĲǪյıﵹ裬ˮֱ豭Ե˳
ǪЦ£趼ˣҲȡ
޵޲ðĲֱӽԴϡ
ô㲻Ⱥˣ
Ϊ˾ȸ磬㲻ʲô
Сԧһ֧豭µһһˮλøոպá
Ǫն豭ɫһ䣬ѽô˰
㣡찵һ㵽
Ǫշ²豭üңɲ㣬㲻Ը⡭ߺˡ
˵ţǪվվҪߡ
һͲקסˣͷһǺʹͷ½ǡ
Сȥһ裬š
Ǫյ˻ȥȣȡ
һᣬŲ߳Ϊµһ衣
ڿ˵˵ôҸ𣿡
Ǫһڲ裬ͷðɣȻݵĻǷ򣬵ǿһЩķϣҲͲΪˡ²豭㲵ʵҪܼ򵥣Ҹ˰ڻǰ˵˵Уֻɱ˸ѣɴСؼڻϵ̬ȣʱһзܰ˵˵⡣
˼ţǺѾȥΪˣǲǾûˣ
Ǫǿ͸뷨ƵģҡҡͷУ˵κԼҾٱйص˶УֻҪǿˣһ룬Աһ޹صģзˡ
첻֪Ŀ۶ţȥ˰
ǪЦ£Ұҵȥﺫڻǰ˵û
۾һϵʦҲǻʮ־صˣȥ˵һз
Ըңʡ
ǪյͷȻֻҪ޸ҡ

 126 

Ǫ˵һʱ俼ǣͬ⣬ǾϳףֻҪһţϾͻȥǰ溫顣
Ȼ֪ǪǹģǺ컹ӦˣǱûа취⽫ȸΨһᣬǵɽ𺣣Ҳֻȥ
ȰܾãǺѾŵȵ̫ɽûȥǪա
ŷѾҲ޼£ֻԺȣϣϢ㴫
ԲԸΥ
ƻʱܼҴһ˵պΪ´һܣڵΪֵò죬ˡ
ε̾ɵÿ죬Ѿվһҹδ۵˼Сȥϸ
㣡ס취һ취ģ㲻ܾô޸Ǹˣ
عסţһֱչңǰиףи磬㡭ҴǱұǸ˵Ҳ֣ҲǸ곤ǸɻΪҵġšġһԼίģҪ˵ġ޸ϵĶҲͦġǺǡٲ˳ԴܾȸһĲΪҵġˡ
㣡
İɡ
˸ϸͨǪմ˳пɼЦ⡣
ˣ˵
.ͷʲôʱף
ǪЦţ֮ôǸŶ
ü̫ˣհɡ
գǪЩȣôܣôҲҪд׼ʱɣǪյĴ飬ôôʣ
飿ﳼ֮ŮٴǲðɡƵһдӼɣֻ飬վҸ
ǪոջϲЦտ˲һǰһﳼ֮ŮܽҵĴѾٹˣߡҲ⣬˵ǰͷ޸ңҲֻ檣ٷ˵λûʸ
治ɫνֻҪǵԼ
Ǫյɫˣã죬ûƸҲҪױϯˣҲˣһҾýȥլ̧㣬ǡٴ㻹룬һﳼ֮Ů浱Լϣ
˸á˿İѻ°ˣܶ鷳
Ǫյһۣ㻹ʲôҪһ˵ˣɱ֮û㡣
ûˡЦ£ûκαҪ󡣡
Ǫյɫڻ˵㣬۾ЦЦ˵ȥ㡣
áޱӦš
ǪЦ˵ģҵӦһ
á
Ҳġ
š
ٺ١ɵЦӺԣҾȻȥ׼ˡ
á
ȥ·ϣڻ̲סĿǫ
Ϊһ죬ǫȢŵģһжΪӰ
֪ǸóЦԼ棬Ǹŭ˵޳
·ʱȻ͸һϤӰڡѿƹݡŴͷơ
̽ס˳šѿҲһϣӦȥ˵Щʲô
ڣһʰԼ˽ȥ
ǫһЦܲȥÿһμʱһһѱסĺ󱳣ֵôһ͵źȾƲң
ǫ˲֪˴ϳһߣѾ˰̳۽Щ죬ô֪⣿ǲ˸ң
ЦһӽסˣЩʧ䣬ѾˣĻ˿ȥ
ǫʶԼ˵˻Լ죬⡭
콿εһ죬ҪҲҲ԰ҺȾơ
㡭ǺȾġܹС̳
̳ôЦһȥȻţС̳
ǫ۾Ҫŵˣ̳˵С㣬֪֪̳ƣܹ൹һͷţˡ𣿡
٣Ʋ˭أǰǲǰˣƷ裬źȵģ첻һǲ飡
ǫһЦһ߸ƣʲôһûȾͿʼƷ˰ɣ
ٷϻɣ
顭ڿײһһޱȳ졣
ƹѲǰǫѾЩӰˣĻ˵˵
ָôߣеᣬι㣬ǲǡǲǴûдȢң
ǫҲȵеߣҪȺѵģЦЦ˭Ȣ㰡
ôˣҵﲻã
ǫͷ⳰˵㡭ƢְֳԵֽᡭһӶûС
Щίķǰ˵ҶϣôûˣԼıӣ㿴ôÿս˴ԼôͲǹͦͦԼأ⡭𣿲𣿡
ǫĶùЦļҵĹ֮ͥ£Ķ
εͷЩΣգգ۵ǲ˵ֻҪұֹԸȢˣ
ǫ׵ҡҡͷǱŮҲȢġ
ΪʲôһȻɴίĳô𣿡
ˣǫЩţϿ˸Ķ̣ôˣϡ˼ˣΪ۸أ
סԼ죬ỹžµ
ǫúúãҴҴˡǸġôأ㻹һȾƣ
ģĿ
ǫͷ庢ƵĨĨᣬġ
ԸȢˣ
ǫƲͷš
ЦܿȻ̾˿ûˡ
˵ʲô
쿴ָ˵ıӣ˵ûˡ
ǿллˡǫ˵ЦҲ֪ĸùᰡ
ſϣ糺죬еҪȢء
ǫͷһ룬û
Ȼע⵽ǫȻһѽǸýˣȻᱳһѽ
ʲôָһ¡
ǫ۱Ĳ˵
ͷ
ѵ
׿Ǵǫι˸ЦǺҪ𣿡
ǫټİͷҪѡ
˵ɱĹΪ¡ԲŲȢҵ𣿡
ǫ£Ȼָһ룬ɴǡ
ʲô
ʵѾ벻׳ʲôˡǡʲôĹҿǸӡûֻһϲѡҧΪˣʧȥõֵܡ
ͷģǸɱǸˡ
ԡǫҡҡͷԲģϲǸֵܶҲһҪʱûбֳǸôϲĻͲΪ˿ǷҶȥˣģҸûйֹ
쿴ӣȻΪʲôǫȢףҲκһֳ⡣
ں¶𣿡
ǫ͵̧ͷ˵ûˡ
ʧȥκһˡ
ſϵĺŬЦ£¡ʧȥҲûô¡ȻһСҲʲôˡ
ʧȥ㣬Ҷˡ
һ䣬γԴȥô̧ˡ
ǫ£Ȼһ̳û׵ľƣεҡҡͷ
ǡ߹ˡ

 127 

Ǳǫ뿪ƹݵġ
һ·ϣǿ֣ʱʱĻҪǫһ¡
ǫԼһ±ץڵϹһ㣬ɵ÷˰ۡ
߹ľҸ߹ľƷ
꣬ǫ°ڲ˲죬ȻĵǰţҲǰ·ǽ
һ̳ɣ
ǫϵ׷˿ڼϡ
Ѿͷǲᰡ
ϾǫҲǺ˲پƵģЩ·ƮټϺڼһͨһƫ˾ˤȥ
˶֪ʹֻԼ˯ϮҲԼڻʲôѹԼϵʲôô˯˹ȥ
ǫͲˣѹںϣһֱ첲߬ţҲǲҲǡ
·ɫãӳϸĿˡ
΢죬üͷëֳţĴ΢΢ţˡ
ǫȻھƹʱΪ֤ԼǸʱĶܸܵĳɳ
ǰѾʮˣǸδɵСѾͷˡ
ͻȻˣǧֻҰ·һֱײ
ôˣ
ǫ¿ˮ֪ΪΣǰǸʩħһɵҪҪӵС
Խ룬е궯ԽǼң֪ԼҪʧˣΪǰ˶ʧء
ٿأĴһѹ
ʶԼʲôʱ͵ƿǰˣȻݺݵظԼһơ
ǫڸʲô㲻ǵôܡôأ
ԽԽǫɴվִԼơ
ƿ治Ǹöȶˣʲô¶ɵĳ
úһֱ˯ţֻлˡ
ǫ侲ڵϵĺһο˼ϣһעޱȼУֱͻضլľѸ뿪ˡ

һֱڶլźϢû뵽ȵľȻฮļ¡
ȴٳٲ
ֱҹܼҲ˵ˡ
һѾȫʡˣһľ
˭ģ
۹ӡ
۹ӡأ
ѺｻǣʹҴææˡ
üͷ˰֣̾һˣȰ˷ȥɡ
ǡ
һ˺üأֻһֱչţһֱԺ߶šǫǫǫ
ʮֵľᣬ֪ԼǲǸ£Ӧ޸ǪգΪΨһܾȺİ취Ͼסһˡ
˼ǰһϣǰ¶˾ģԸܼȥ׿죬¸ǫ
޷溫ľҲܾôĿ޸Լˡ

ĴűˣθĹܼ˵ûһ׿˳
ô£
ܼԭԭ˵飬׿ԽɫԽŨأͷ֪ˣȥ߿
ǾͰ׿ˣҼҿΪѾҹûˡ
׿æӦ£ӪøںĽӽҴǰס
׿һ·۵糸˴Ӫǫ˯أһ̧¡
㻹˼˯ǲǺһ飿ιѣ
ǫԺŷ˸ţһֻƤˣô֪һ飿Ҹ˵ѾͷˣܲƫƫǿǵҰȥ
Ҫˡ׿첻īֱ˵⡣
ˣǫһ㶣һӦǡѵ֪ˣԴΪҪЮȢ
׿ͷԣҪ޸Ǫˡ
ǫһ㶣Ǫա˭
ϵСӣͺ䡣
ǫ׹ˣһ𾪣ʲôʱ£ô֪ǺȾƵʱѾͷҲû˵
׿üͷҲǸող֪ģſң˵ǪԾȺΪҪЮ޸
ʲôǫŭüѾͷûҪûռ˰˵үȥΪѾͷΪʲôҪӦѵ˵үʹ𣿡
׿үΪºͻֵúܲ죬ҲѾ˵ˡȷʵܻϵ𾴣Ը飬û׼Ļת
ǫ˴ԼҲļ޹ȥɡȥҸæ͵ˡ
ι׿쿴ŵӣѵڿɲ㿼ЩµģٹһʱҵĽӿɾҪȥլˣѵľĿ͵Լ𣿡
ǫ㵵Ŀ⻰ʲô˼
ʲô˼ȻҪȥ㶮ϲ㣬Ψһֻܴ㣡׿캰ٵȥҵţһжˣңôһŮ֮鶼ûУ˵һ㶼ϲһ㶼ں޸˭Ժӹúòã
ҡǫҭסˣ⻰һǰԺԥĻش𣬿ɾ׿ʵͬʱǫԺĶɫͺĽë
ԥˣһ̣ǫǶ˵ġ
ɡҪǲԸô죿ЩΪŴӦ޸Ǫյģǿдߣ᲻Թû磿
׿Цһ£ʱ㵹˼ˣġǣҺү취ġ
ǫ̧ͷģ
ģ͸úõش
ǫͣһ£ǰߣһ᲻ǣүȥ
׿һ㶣⵹Ǹ⡭룬۾һգа취ˣ

ڽͷϸŴͷΪľЩΣ῿Žӡ
Ǫղû˵һдӼ
һ粹Ƹ񣬻׼˶ʮ˵Ĺֽ׶飬ʮ˺̧Ľӡ
ôģ֡
׵ĶŽȦͣฮǰ
ǪմŴϲվǰϲŽĻǽ£ϲɫ
䣡Σ
һ֧ϸִӽ̽˳ϲæǣţǽ˳
죬ฮǰϲ֮⣬ֿתǴƥ˵飬γԱȡ
׿ļƻ棬ֱӰѺߣҲ֪˭ƻ˻ҲͲճ鷳ˡ
׿ģƾ֣Ⱥ֮У˳ײˡ
ϵһۣͷж
Ǫǰȥеϲ񽻵ӵ۾Щͷ˾Ǻ졣
ϸĲӣ˸
Ҫżʱ׶һɧңƥ˹
ֱԼһһתͷȥǱһоĪЩϤ
Ǳסˣһһֹ
Щͷԣ˭ҪʲôѵҪ
Уߣ˾ûܾȺˡ
ţ͵һѿס˹ϵָһ

ȥǪյĻ
ʲôˣڸϸң
Ǫջһ䣬վҪߵˣֻһ۾ͽסˡ
Ȼ棬˫۾ʵ̫Ϥˡ
ǫҲڿ֣˵ߡ

 128 

Щûǫߡ
֣Ѿ̫á
ƫƫһΣܸߡ
ǫסˣ˵һ飬죡ߣ
ǪհѺ쵲󣬱鲻ƵĿˣļҶˣ£
ǫٳٲѾЩˣǪվһš
ǪˤڵأһӾ
׿Ľвãȥһִġ
ǫ֣ߣ
СҲܸߡܾˡ
ǫ񶼽סˣû뵽쾹Ȼܾ
ҲܸߣҪȸ硭
ǫü취֮ߣҲĿ޸
Ϊʲôᣬʲôʸңʲô˰
ǫһɬһʱ侹֪ôش
ʱڵؿڵǪһˣЩȵʺ죬ʶ
ҧ촽ûǪգǶסǫ˵߰ɣԼľ޹ءûгŵʲôôǸӡ
ҡֻǲ޸һ㲻ϲˡǫֲɿ߰ɣ
ԳһЦϲϲʲôϵǰҲᶨֻ޸ԼϲˣѾǸԵСˣѾסǸ˲ϲңҼŬҲûáȻܼ޸ô޸˭һġ
ӸгļҶԽԽ࣬׿һӦһ߶ǫ취ߣѲǾˣǾͶ߲ˣ
ǫߴٵͷԷͣҹǰûԴݸ飬Сӵĺֶѣɾҹ֮ǫźȻʶ֮ı仯
ֻϧת̫ˣôҲûϵѡ
ʱ˿̵ǫļ˿ʳϣּʹ
֪ԼԺ⵽жأ֪ںܳá
һǸˣϲŮʤʵ޷жԺ죬һʱԣ鲻֪
ͻȻǪմӵ־Ҫȥ졣
ǫ۾һ죬һư˳ȥ
һ˲䣬ǫ϶һоҲԼﵽʲôǵҪȥʱúܲ
ſ˿ѪǪգȻǫôôص֣ſңҲߵģ㡭š
ǫŭһѳԼ֣˺ੲݵ졣
Ǹ˵
Ƭ̺ǫɿ˺죬סС˵˽Ҳã쵰Ҳգ֮һҪߣ
˫ĿʧûǸͻȻлعʱǫѾ
׿״̽˾ļҶǣѲǾûϵ֮ǰ뿪ҵֳ

գ춼ǶϸСӵĻ£˵Ǳ֪·˸ˣֵǶѲǾҲûץء
ˣΪ˲˶ĿĵǷ˲ٹ
ȽЦ̫Се˶ڿҵ֣˭ע
ЦЦҲǣˣ»СЩΪá
ʲô°Ƚ鹳°ͣз
ЩƲ۾ȡ֮ǰĲ⡭
Ƚ鹺ǺһЦҲǰѴصԹɿĴ˺˷ЩͲֻû뵽Ǹ۾Ȼôûãͺ˶ȥֺͰˣۻûճһ졣
νҲûָܸʲôصյһЩϢ˵ճΪ˺飬ͻϳڻһճһɲˡ
ŶȽ鹾ϲüô£Ǻǡֵ֮Ҳûô
صͷûҾھǰ׿ʵݣ¶ϵʱ
ȽҲͬĵͷ˵ûһƯ
Ц£㣬֮⹫ķԸ
ʲô£
򴽵ѾȥӴǸˡ
Ƚüһ壬ģа𣿡
֪˵Ǹ˵ߡ
Ƚ֮ŷ˿ɵĸ̾ǺġǿŮ
Ц£ģȴǶĪѰѪ

صӪ֮׿Թǫ䣬˵˽ժ֣ܻܿ˳ҵүͷϿ̽ϢԱʱӦԡ
ǫͰѺؽԼķô˵Ϸȥ
ڵǫһͷض¿ſڣĿתĶһµĺ쿴
ǵһμĺ죬ͬԼ˵ˡ
һ뵽Ϊ˴ģͲһ
ǫߵǰһ£·ѵ
ʲô첻˼Ŀ
ǫŤͷ˵·ѵҿŰۡ
ҲأͷһŤҲ⴩ţ
ǫҧѲѣ

㲻ѣҰѣ˵žȥ
ιʲôǫ̬ޣɿػԼ·ǫĶ֣ûһ¾ͱǹⶪˣǫݲš
ǫĿԼĽһĨЦ
ɺίˣԼϽʣᶼҪˡ
쵰ǫ쵰
Ҫ޵ӣǫղŵĵ˲ʧˣ˼Լ·ںϣοţѽҲǸ˼㴩ҵ··ˣ
ȥҲš˭֪ĸŮ˵֬㡭
ǫһʱԱǰǻ쵰˵㡣
Ҫȥ¸һ
ٿسǼ·ڵϣŮ˵֬㣡ǫǸ۲۵Ĵ쵰
ǫһҲһֻ˵ͻȻԼڵľͬǰͬˣǰͺ˿κι˼ɣۺˣ˵ʲôǴġ
Լļ磬Ƴһ޴ǫ㵽ʲô˼
ǫһ㶣ʲôʲô˼
һۣȥʲô˼
ҡҲ˵ҲĿ޸Լϲˡ
أȦһ죬Ϊ˰ҹȻǹҵ·𣿡
ûУҲǡǫæҵΪԼͣںľٶɸһ˺
ĵýˣһȥɡ
ȥǸǪյ𣿡ǫĴ˵㲻ܼ޸
Ҳ޸޸˭޸𣿣ҲȥҰȢ𣿣
ôңǫԼ˵궼סˣ򴽣ҡ
ǡ쿴ԥı飬Ц£Ȼ㶼ûãƾʲôֹҼ޸أ
˵꣬ϵļ£ſڵķȥ
ǫüûһô尾
ΪŮһ𣬾ѰҿֵģǰŮȴδĿɬ
ǺͿȫͬȴҲ޷ᡣ
죡סߡ޸
Ϊʲô
ǫͷҲ֪ôͣǰҵȷûܡǵ֪޸ǪʱҺܡҲܿܡҿļǣ֣Һ޲һɱҲ֪Լָо㲻ϲҲҳŵ㡭֪ˡŮ֮ϣǸ쵰Ҳ֪ô˵Ҿǿ޸Ҫѡһޣǡǡ£ǡ㡭޸ҡ

̧ͷȥת档
ǫһѰȦӵš
޵Щڵȵǫ仰ˡ
ɲܷڡſ
ǫҲЩ񽻻䣬һסĴ
ǣ
Щɬգգۣڶҡ
ǫͷЦ£ʵǵΡ

 129 

ճڳãϾǲϼ
˼ţҲǵ˸뿪ʱˡ
£ʵǻһ룬ֻҪܻȡ㹻󣬻ϾͻĸԸķ֡
ţȻһ˴ҴææˣȻϡ
£ôţȥ
ճͷֲҽֻˡ
Ŷ£׵ĺ΢΢ţ¶ʢɲҪΪЩС£˺
Լǣˡ
ʱӳ߳Ͻȥճ㣬΢΢ҡͷ
ճ֪˵ϵûء
ͼŰɡ
ֹһʱҲ˵˻˳ȥϻûдճ㡣
ۿɫҪȥˣճ㲢꣬ͲϻԶ
ֹһʱ䣬ӵ˳Цµ½
ŶôʹӦˣ
ʱվţڿһϵĻ
ճϸƣŷǲǻǴ塣
̾һɽǸʱϲġ
ճţĬĬƿ۾ϲǸˣǸϲһУ
ǲճĿһЦ£ȷʵЩҲǺ޸֮ˣɽĸǰģһֱڵǰԴ˶˼ˡ
ճüͷһ壬ɵֶǷͼ
ת㲻棬ĸô𣿡
ճ˵ͷҲ춼Ŀġ
ϸ̾Ż룬ĸһ꣬Ҳֻ꣬ǵõҲࡣӡĸһζõСģ֡ҡ⡢֡õ֡ʽǳ֣Ҳϲ֣޵ҲǸζĸǸвŮӣ黭һ븸嵽ҹʱһԿſž˯ˡºֲͣԴŮҲԹܶ˶ĺáЦ£Ҳ㲻ţᣬһܰĸ
ճĬţ֪ĸһǸܺõˣȴܽĸһѪбĻʵۡ
ϼһ룬Ϊʲôôĸȴ𣿡
ճһ䣬ҳʱ˫ĿͫںѪҽֿĸһȻҡ
ġϵ㣬Ҳ֮١ʱ̬֮˺ܶ˵ĹעЩﲻλˣһ̬أ³ֻһԸŻ¶İߣԱһ
ǡΪ¿𣿡
ֻΪλϣ˵길ĿĶѡϰˣλͲףҪλжѣڿ㣡в㣡ɼ
üͷճȻ˻ΪͻȻЩ
˵𣿡
ϳ˸Цû޲Ըԭɱĸףǰ̣ܻĽɽӦ÷𣿡
ʲôû޹ġ
˵޹޹ߵΪԼҾǵ죬ˣļ޲֪ԶЩһټǵģǷҪţΪòú޹µ޵˵𣿣ǸʱѾŰˣ޵ʱû⣬ڲһˣԶѾˣ˭֪ǰͺ˵ʲôҲıôߥ޵£
ճۣҡҡͷȷʵϣúڻǰϴԩһ»ˣ졭ûôıҴ硭
޲Ĵ磡ŭţһ߬סӣ޼ǵã޲Ĵ磡
ճסˡ
૵޲Ĵ硭ȴȻΥ޵˼Ҫ顭ߡ޸㡭飬޸㣡
飿ճЩɻƺҲûཻ̫顣
ǰȻҲ飬˵һ֪ͨɱȷʵܶ޶˵Ĳ룬һЩ޾ǲĹ
ճϻ̬ЩɶˣϵĻȷʵЩá
޽ս㣬޿ԷźһҪһŵ
ճ̧üʣʲôŵ
ҪĸģԶվһߣԶޣ
ճüΪΪȻԶվھһߡӳܴ춼ǣΪʱģδ
϶Կţģ
ġճ㴹ȥ˼ҳܽһҪ˵
˿ʲô£
ճһЦѾرȥˡ
˵ʲô
ѶѾҪٴˣһҲܵĳȻڸȥ¶ԻֵӰ졣ѾãʮҾ춼ǣɻ·ƱȨֻЯ˻صȥսΪЧ
˵꣬ճӻͳسϡ
һסˣɵÿǸŴǿսĳҾ
㡭ԸıȨ
ǳܵıȨǻϵıȨ
ɫЩȣҪ뿪춼ǣصǸຮ֮ȥ
ǡճܿ϶˵
ϿıãȻѾãҲ㣬ϾڱģӦöиˡ
ǡճлֳȫ
Ц£ȻǱһԵţʣʲôʱߣ
ճ˵ա
գôô
Ц£ȻѾˣͲ
Ϲ´ԸϣҲò˵˸ˣȻҪǾͲ˵ЩĵˣڹΪУɲѰ
ճüǺ
ģһ춼⣬ôãֻһ㣬ҲҪ޵ǰһΡ޾Ͳˡ
ּ

ճصʱ׿Ѿʼ˯ˣͷһһµĵţɾǾǿĲϴȥ˯
ճϣСȥ£˱
׿۾үôôǲֺͻϳˣ
ճͷЦ£ûУѾӦ˺ˡ
ģ׿һ˾ȥסߵճ㣬ϴӦˣôͻȻʹӦˣ
šճ֣ԳҾıȨΪ룬Ϸ˺ͬˡ
˵ļΪɣ׿ȴһ£Ȼһֱ֪ճ㣬ĵһǲǰˡ
Ҿүһ᲻ðɣ
ճ˿㲻ϷֻǶÿ˶õѡѣųҾԻ˵ԶǸвڡҲҵĺãӦףҶԻλûκҰġ
׿˫ֻסǲҪرȥˣ
˵ţճҲתͷĿ࣬춼ǷǸһ֮¶ѩĵطԸһȥ𣿡
ȻԸ⣡׿۾Ѿ޸ˣȻȥҾȥģҰҲ֪үСĵطʲôģһµѩ֪ԶΪҳɡġ
ճЦ£ĶͷһǣãһҶԸΪɡ

 130 

ڶ죬׿ֺ֪ȥ飬һֻСһ𳤴Ѿȥ
һȥ˽شǱ׿Щزûбֳ̫Ĳᣬ׿ͷЦ˵Ů޳ȥˣȻҪŷߣܿദã˻أ׿ֱؿһͨźԼȻ޷ڸĸߣϾ̫»ȥݸҲòᡣ
ճһȥ˳ҾӪµһ˵ճҪرȥ׷ױ̬ҪŻȥǶճˣճҪ춼ǡ
ĩǶǸүӱˣҪȥˣôܰأ
ճü֪Щʿģֺγ˼ɵԭء
ǶǴĽʿ˵ڶΡ
ү
ճѾٶȰҲ޼ˣϽһ̾λүİɣΪ¾ҡ
Ͻ˵˻ҲͲʲôˣֻʿɢˡ
ճɵЦ£ʲôһôɥΪ˱û˼ලճѵˣ
һüүҪˡѵѵ𣿡
ճ㴸һȭǶǱıҾľ滹Ҫ˵һ𣿡
üͷү˵öԣʹ˧ڣǳҾҪʮֵľԲ˿⣡
ұĽʿճЦŶ˵һնټʱϣλǧ
ǡ˰Ӧš
ճû
ǣ
մߵ飬ʿ˵ӪһλĹѰ졣
ճЩȵУô⣿
бͬϸ˵췢飬ճȻ򣬹ֲϻͻȻȥʥ˵顭ֻǣײδɣôȥأ
ճ̴ȥǫסȻ⡣
๫ӪѰˣҪҪȥһ£
ʲôǫһû뵽ôҹˣ
ǫס֣˵˵⣬㲻֪ôˣ
ճ΢΢üһЦǫ˵Ͱȥ𣿡
ǫʱεĶô¡
Щĵͷ˵үҲã̫³çˣҪǫͰ࣬ǶǲΪ˾ȸ޸Ǫա
ճգۣˣΪ㻹ȥ๫ӣѻ˵ĺá
Уǫǰ棬һߵģײͰ׷𣿡
˿ŵĵͷү˵öԣҲðѻ˵ġǪ˵̫ƽˡֿǫȻ˳ȥ
ǫҪ׷£ǫЩյǸʲôǸĲң
ճ㵭Ŀһۣһ£ѾӦѺˡ
ǫһ㶣漴Цģ̫ˣүôȰϵģ
ŵүѳҾıȨȥˣͻر
ǫЩɵˣʲôѱȨȥˣ
ճͷ⻹ϵİ£ϲЭ
ϣǫ񣬡ʲô˼
ճЦ£˵ȰϲɱлԱȨ룬غɡ
ǫüү˼ǣϷǵûйף˵
ûճͷҲúȥ๫Ӱɡ
ǫͷô˵ĻȷʵӦüһ
ճ˿֮⣬Ҫ㡣
ʲô£
źȥϽӦϣԶ̤춼ǰ벽ǸȥϽɣÿ԰Сүæ
ǫ̫ԸôҪȥϽŻܺһرһͦģ
СճϵˣϽȥġ
֪ˡǫĵйע˵Ķ򡣡

ǡ

Ǫյڴſڣǰⲽ֪ѾӦ˺Ҳ֪һ纫ͻԶ뿪춼ǣҲⱲӶټˡ
Ǫ˵Լʲôоֻһۡ
һᣬתǴڳһĨ޵ӰһɫȹͷСӣӡһֱϲͷСӣ·һһ
ȻҲǸ˼ҵС㣬ȴĻҪԣʵ۾ܴ˿һ۾ˣǪӡĻĴӨ΢΢̣ǴЦá
鼫Ϊ飬ľʹһ˵磬ֲִٶȥ
ǴЦ⣬ġ
ʮ꣬Ϊƽʱ˶ΪҲͰЩżҲˣû˸۸ֻ׽Ū˵ķݡ
һ죬ѪҪȥ棬ĸôҲ˽Դȥһ˽֡
ƽʱ׽Ūһˣһû˻ţͶ˱˼
ʮһȺСӶ費ֹ
Ѿıסͷʱ
٣Сǣٲɱ߱ǵƨɣ
̧ͷȥͿ̫£һˣͷСӵŮЦš
󻹸׳ʵļҶ
ȺСһˣ׷״ӣʣǪԼǽ۹
ŮۣЦû°ɣ
ûлشȥ㣬ϿؼҰɡ
Ů˵ʲôʱļҶѾڴˡ
һѰкܿˡ
ǪնŴ̫ڵȻ֪Ů֣ϳϹҵĵǺġ
˼ˣѾߵǰд˿Ƿ
ǸΥ֮Լ
ǪֱֱĿû˼ʣǸ˾һֱڵȵ𣿡
´ͷ
ǪЦˣҡΪ˼£
ҡһѿɡ
Цǰѿˣһ٣˵Ұˡ
Բ𡭡ҡ
ǪҡҡͷҲûʲôõĻͲ˵ˣҲðɡϾ׼Ĳִ٣Ц˵˵ҲɢˣΪҰһ׮£º󡣡
ҲͦõġһλܺõĹ
ǰ̾òѧʶã֪Ҫö١
һЦǾ͡ԸҸ
ǪɫЩףģ϶ȢҪҸˣֵԣʲôáȢأ
ЩҲסͷȥȻѾ˵ˣҾͻȥˡ
תҪߣǪսסι
ʲô𣿡
㰮𣿡
ʲô첻⡣
ǪյЦ£ûʲôֻҪ㣬ڴ̫³ˣĺ𡣡
˵꣬ˡ
ԺĻصӪУʵ޷ǪյĻʲô˼
ǵǫĿе֪ȥǰΪʱ̲סĿ
룬ҲǸҲûôᡣ
ʹһͲͣԸȸ
ҲǷĲһ䱧Ǹһлл

 131 

ڼÿϵı鶼ɣճ׼ȥϵ磬׿첻ظȥڳӪתƣٻЩ᲻õġ
һ뵽Ҫȥ׿ȼڴ
һߵ䳡滹ѵĽʿһһʽΪ棬ſ
Ȼʲôײϣ׿һȻǸС
ͷСӣһ䲻֪ĲȵҰ۾Ŀ׿졣
ԴǸʣ磬ײ𣿡
ʱ䣬׿Ķˣ̶СŮڻûУûײҡ
׿ûסСʣʲô֣ô⣿ǸĵطΣյġ
СһգգۣҽСǻӸġ
Ӹ磿׿΢΢һüɵ̧ۿȥͿһԶܹһ߽׿ϳⲻǴޭݺϱǴǸ
һ׿Ҳϲסˣ׿ӣּˣ
׿Ц֮ǰճ˵Ҹȥԭ˰⣬ӣޭݻ֮һֱû㣬ôĻϰ𣿡
ţ͵ͷϰϰߣҶҺܺãҰιÿ춼ṳ́ʵڽƭҪ̫ˡ
ϰ߾ͺá׿찲ʣСô£λŮ𣿡
ҡҡͷǵġ˵⺢ӵҲͦҵġ
׿ᣬСԼȥһ棬Ȼ˵СԭǸвȥð䰵ӰһȺΨһǸ˵á
ճҵʱСһѾһϢˣò׾˹ӪУƽʱǸڵչš
̾˿˵СĸڱУү˵֮ȻõģԽǺúչšƽʱιιҲû̫飬տ档
׿ͷ۵ĿССԵʣӣĪС
Ǻ˸ӣͷĵİСҰɣҴȥ棬˼ô˵ҲһСܺȺүһôУ
ͷ׿ӡô˵ĺ㲻еһ
׿ȻЦҲԡһ
һѱСЦòã߰ɣȥ档
С¶۵СӶС첲ѽѽȥඣ
׿Цļһ˲ֻװСһˣõһж
ճ㻻Ҫ·һ߳žͿЦ׿Ǹӡ
δճ롭һϲӰɡ
׿ȥ˶լ˶ţ׼Ҫر飬См䣬Ρ
ȻǺܻϲ׿һȥ
ǣС˼УһһǸǸСӵ⣬СһһˣĲֺ
ƽӪдţǵǹǹûһĶһ׿ɴ˸顣
رСð˼·ŮҪƯƯĲС
ҲѵõľˣҪ˵Ҳ˲ֹһΣɶһεȤΪߵ˲ͬˣԸҲͬ˰ɡ
ֱˣ˼Ҿ¥ʱ׿֧֧ĺͶ˵Ҫر£˳Ҳ˵ºõ顣
׿û뵽ǣŲûʲôӦֻǵһЦǺܺðҵˣҲԺүرȥȵӣ˶˸õĹޣΪǸˡ
š׿Щģֻǽ춼ǡʣԼˡ
ôأһЦĸչҰӷİɣŻúġ
硭С廰ҪԺͲС𣿡
׿ͷǰҪ뿪ˣءǻкܶġ
Сѹǰ绹ٻ𣿡
Ҳ̲סҲ֪𰸡
Ȼᡣ׿Ц£һġ
δɵ飬һص
ϣ׿쿴ŶŽ˶լĴţűѾͷ˯ŵС˴Ӫ
һű󣬾̲ס͵͵Ŀ
׿ǰ˵ǷְοѣֻеԼʱŲòжѹ
չ춼Ǿֻʣһˡ
֪Լݣһ춼ǵĵǣƶμҵʡ
ԭžİĵط׿ڣҲûôܣżļǳΪеĻ𡭡
ϧҲϨˡ
˲ԼᣬȻЩʹԼųΪԵŻʣһˡ
׿죬ңԶս
Ǻ죬һǰ򰮶
ֻһųη壬ǣעʧȥעɬķˡ
ȻԼ֮ŵģϵرľ룬һһ硣
һںڰĹ꣬Ҫ߽ȴһûС
Ϊ֪ǹںڰ˺顣
סᣬٿϣ
ǵ߻ԼķʱһѾãϴźߵˡ
һ̣·һⴳ˽ͿҪҪðץסˡ

׿챧Сһ·߻˳ӪȻŶ̶һ죬׿Ѿʮˡ
֪ԼڽСδ뿪ĺӡ
ԭޱȥһĸܡ
ճȫͬĸоճڴлӦڴͨ
СҪκλֻкõһж͸
ճѾ磬һֱڳ£ǸСıŻСؽ˻ӣ˺һͨ
ճŴûȥš
Լһ֣׿ͻǸ޹뿪
׿;վŻӱ˯ŵСԽԽԶʧ˺ҹȥ
Ǹڳ¶ŵˣϢһᣬԼûз

ڹǽ֮ڣһ¡
ϲѵܵǰϣūһϢ
ڸճϺ˲پƣЩԺʣʲôϢ
ٺ١ϣǸˣūѾҵˣ
ʲôһѹҵˣ˭ޣ
Цϻϡϵôüǵ죬үУټҲ١
ϼصͷ˵öԡ˵öԡģȷʼ桭Ǿ죬ټܹԸ˭ɣ
ūͿˣЦЦλʲôūŻ֪Ǿݿɿ߱˵˿ԶˣһǴ󽫾ˣūСȥ׿Ҹһʱ֪
˿ѰôãЩüĿˣܿɻ޿ǹĴ粻ףӦǸС㡭׿ҳһѾ޳ȥŮĻбС㣿᲻ˣ
ͷ׿ҸϵŮ˵ҲжʮˣĸԶҲ˵֮ūȥˣһʱ֪
ŵͷɵϣ̲ס֣ĺ»డ

 132 

ڶһ磬춼⼫֣еһһ
ǳеĴǣȻճѾֹˣһĹԱΪУһһݱ𣬳һʱô˸С
ȻһͫҲ֮ĸ࣬Ͼͫ˵ӣ˵ʲôʱͳ˱
ֹһ޹Ҳƥ׿ʱɫѪ춼ڸ˹
ͣ׿ǰԹɫǵġӦҵ黹ûأôҪˣ
˵Ǻд£Դڱ䳡˴һ֮޻ûҵٺֽأÿȥ׿죬ܻʲôһ׿УһȥޭݣкöҪνˣֱͻϡ
޲һµı޷һ㣡
׿ЦЦǲڴһô
ڣ⣿
Ҳң
ʲôҵġ޴ӱӣڵһ˦һ죬ҪСˣ
˵׼ӱ޳ȥҪڴһϼݵ
׿첻üôˣ
ɨ˵ӣһһôôѣ
Գ¥ϵճͫҲ׼Ӽݡ
յûдֻһ£εĽͳ죬ٺ滹һ
μϡ˲ΰݡ
˸Цɣڳ⣬ֲڹСֻΪһֳԼĵܵܡ
лϡ
ϸߵʹ˸ɫ˾ͱ
Ǻ
׿ʵ࣬һûлϵı粻Ǹֱˡ
˵ϰˣ޾Ͱˡ
л֡
˵˼䣬׿ûˣϿ˽˹͵˵ŵϡ
ĺһ˲͵
硭ܿˡ
ҡҡͷ۾ЩãȻ֪ǰƣҪȥģ
ŵ硭ǵ뿪춼ˣҲݲˡҪȥһµĵطһȫĵطҲû˺ˡ
׿쿴ȥһ𣿡
׿ȵ˵ͷҡҡҲҪߣĿĵ㲻ͬţһټġ
˵Ŵӱóһѽݸ彣滹׿͸Ľ׹
úˣȥ°ɡ
˵꣬׿ĳţصճߣҲѾ˵˻Ըݻȥճ㿴ϵıӰ΢΢˿໥ɵӣǿͣһˡ
ճ˵Ҳóˡ
ǣ
ճһߣֻкټ׿ѾߣҲˣѣǫͺҪȥϽĶ͸ԵȻ˸УҲΪ˸õۡ
Ϊճ׿ʼձһΪ󡱵ҡ
Ⱥȴ뿪׿۾̾˿
һ治֪ʲôʱŻټˡ
׿ǳЦԵܻټġ
޵ͷȻߵĺѪ㣬ٱ
ң׿Ŀƥһڽʱ̲ס̾ƥԣôԼŰɡ
ʲô˵㣬춼ίȥ˵кܶԭһšްݸȥ
Ȼ޶˵ˣ׿ҲûƴǣϾϲƥ
ӹлʲô֣
춹
֡
׿룬ӸµĿޣһúչġ
˵꣬һ˦Զ
޳ȥӰһΣһһҪͬʹĴһһ
ã
ֱӰʧ·ľͷ޲תȥ֪ҲûһΣТʱһҪصȥˣʣһʱѣټ׿ˡ
Ե־ﻭϽ֣Ҳƺûôź
ţЦŲǸϰ˸еˣǰ
ͫһԿıֱ䣬һĨζЦ޹㿴ˣѲҪ߻ȥҪȻ뱾ͬһƥô
޵һۣôôᣬ֮ǰӰİʱҸֽȥ鷳һЦ


һȥ˽׿뿪ӣһһģȥţҲͲ̫ѹˡ
³Ϊһˣڻ԰˹䣬ؿЩ
˿ڸе㷻۴幤գȻܼ˵ߵˡ
˶Щȣ⸮е˶ڣҪʲôأ
Ͼ룬ҲֻǰȥӼݡ
غͶ˳¶˸Цݡ
æʣ֪æ֮ǰΪ£ǷȮʲôϢ
һЦˣ׿λٽǰ߷սݱƵѾǻһؼͣͷİɡ
˿׿Ңʲô¡
ǹǰ
ġóСūŽѰ˵ġ
ؽӹСֻһۣסˡ
δ˵ūѰˣȥҪ˵˵
ؽŵЩ֪ɷ֪Ҫʲô
˵һ΢ʱλúͶԵֻǵʱңûüʹֻôһūҲǷ˺ô˺ܳʱ䣬ŵ֪ǹϣԾ͸Ѱˣͷˣһɡ
ؽŵʿˮϡϼǹòˣ
ģԲŻᳯ˼ĺ밡һЦи㣬ūŻȥ
߬߬ȭ빫ڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
õġ
ѸٴŶŻصãһصıͱסˣˡ
ȫ֪ʲôĸôˣʲôˣ
üǸСʱҸģ׿֣ȥģҾԲϴ
Ҳһӽô˵Ҫҵ˾ǡ
صͷ˵Ѿòˣô죡
Ųҧ˼ϲˡ
ⲽ͸ˡ
ĸ룬ȥ˵ҪҵĹѾˣһ֮ܲڶɣ
Сҡͷ㻹С֪еϲѾΪ˸Ҳģǻϣ˭
׿ûߣнİ취ȥǰϵҲ˲֣׿ͳˣǰ¿ôźã
üȻһ취˵ĸҽȥɡ
ʲô
ȥȰϡ
УĸܰҲȥ
ĸģа취

 133 

ôҲû뵽˾ȻǶš
޹ҡҡͷʾԼҲô£ƫҪһסһλ
ɫѵļ˸Цݳţôˣ
Ÿ񣬡ϣΪ˵
һй£΢΢üȻ˰˰֣ټĹһʱֻʣˡ
˵ʲô˵ɡ
ǡ̧ͷϣλɣλѾΪ˸¼ˡ
ʲôϲţԵĺӵƣѼ˸ֺԵ
룬û׼׿СѾõģ͵ǻϿˣõģϿɻǵãǹǷˣ
ôһ˵ȷʵʱС߻һСѾţѵ˼ĺôãֻһ
ϲġ
ţѾ˸кβ𣿡
ûʲôɡ˿ֻǡѾ춼ˣѾ뿪춼ˡ
ˣϵ˼ŭ⣬ţʵޣǲ׿ҲʲôǣЩƭޣ
ŲңڵϵԾʵϣ
΢Щ飬Ȼˣһһʮĸޣﵽ˭ʲôģ˵ޡѾãֻ֮ԵȴǰԵһʱǰʱԴŵӡǡȻҲ͵͵Ϊ˺£޾Ǿ޵ģ޺ܸлĳ֡תͷϹŵˣţĺѾ˷ң޻
Щţû뵽϶׿ִţѾĵز
ϡǸˡʵʵǡ
˭ڴĿ
ҧҧжĵĳɷ֣Ѿȥˡ
ԶŮ׿졣
һסˣòգۣһЦԭˡԭ˰ֲϰűƵģ޼ϵԭǲôˡЦЩ
ɵȻû뵽¡
ǣȻΪΪʲôһŮĴ磬ڳأ
ʣţǲǻʲôûиޣ
ųһ£Ȼͷȷʵһ£ûи߻ϡ
˵
ŸһߵŶϣȲҪ
һã޵Ҫ˵ʲô
˶׼ű׿Ͻ˶μңΰװھӪ˵һ飬ں²˵Ҳ뵽ˡ
ԽɫԽɵԭճߵǸС׿졣
֮ǰôûע⵽ȻȫͬòǼΪģ۽ǵǿɰ롣
ûע⵽֣ŮװܴҲɹġ
һ˳ζ
ż˵ڽС׿Ѭգװǰա£ĻˣȻڴ֮УŻϰжװҾʵҲΪ辡һϽ飬֤һ֮ˣſϣҪ
ϱۣԺиֳǡԼҾ춼ǵ죬׿һվڵǰݵӡ
ʹʱ֪һУ϶ǸСҲоģ˿̵֪Ǹڵǰƴȫˣ˼ҹˣĹ
ͻȻԺֳָճӰӡ
ϵʱĶʻ
̧ͷۣüţ֪ӲŮӲξ
֪ŻѡķʽΪʲôʵҲ֤ȷʵȴӲ
ȷҲһȻı䲻ˣճޣ
һϣүǹϵģֻǡֻǻûҵ˵ѣ
𣿡üǲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ˵˵ŻλϻˣǾͲ˵ˣ
ϢŭŷڵϣЩǻѵϵڻڻүɷҾıȨصǱѩȥҲɱ¼ɵĶݳģѵ»ûп𣿣
š㣡û뵽ô˵
ŸоԼ嶼סˣͣҪԼ˵ĻϣΨһĻᡣ
ϣŲǾ֮˰춼еģ˭Ǿ֮أ³Ҿرȥľٶ˭ⱳԵɣϣžû˼Ҳû˸һ෴ǡ룬ĹǣĵǡҲսң֪ǱжôĲ϶οǸձȨĺأ
Ǳ˴һ̷ϣ˵ʲô
Ż϶үΣֻҵౣһݼɵǻ¡ԺҲҾıȨǲΪѣڻѾ֪үܣſϿүõķϣҪβѵ֮ڱǸңԶĵطȥɡ
ɫ˱䣬ϰ˻ر֮£ȷʵ޵⣬
ſǣ֪Ĳ²ǶԵˣϼɵĲֻǳҾѣճˣֻҪ˻ţĿ־Ͳʧ
ҧҧ¶ĵ»ǷĲºšһݣԸ޸ϣԱϺڱµĳ⡣
˵ʲôΪԼˡ
̧ͷԸ޸£ԱϺڱµĳ⡣
üţ֪Լ˵ʲô
֪Ÿ֪롣Ȼ̫һѾγ֮ڻг౱Զ˵ǶͺйϵסֻϺ򸮲𣿡
ȭ˵û־ݣԳ౱׿ġ
ΪʲôҪô
ֻһ󣬲׷µ¡
ϲ⣬ΪʲôΪ˸飬͸Ը𣿡
ǣŸԸĻӦȹŵԸΪκ¡
ϵ͵һ֪ΪڶпĻ档
ϣĶˣΪĶˡ
Ȼճ׿ľٶ˵ڵˣҲûҪô˼žȻϺΪ룬Źˡ
ü˵ֻ׬ȫûɾܾ
ǸǰСһЦã޴Ӧ㡣
һݣлϳȫ
£ƵĹ˴ǣһжոպá

 134 

ºԶڱ׿յźͶűΪϢ
һء
˵ȥ׿Ҹ˵£׿֪Լ˶鷳ĵǣ˵ŽΪֱӸϵ
ܶǿԸģػΡ
ڶԴڶš
׿๫Ӿ
뾩£ˬƮ㣬ų˼֮ιڱ¿˳
һ֪عţ빬ΪԵĸ˲ȫиԼ˼
սȹ̣ϽãƷ⣬ʵȻ
ǳһ֮Զ´˲ߣѱϽƽ˳μҫ
Ī֮⣬Ŵ˾ٲֻΪӣҲΪԼΪϡ
鲻⡣̽š
ֱգٹ±Ҫѩճͳȥԣշ¹߽Ϳ׿ſûʲôﻹżš
ࣿǳʲô£
׿̧ͷǿһ˫ͨ۾ûҧ´춼ǵϢΪ
ճҲüͷô
׿صŽΪҡֹۣסĻںޣġ
ճٵĶţ˴ţ֪׿ӣ˿һǺԼˡ
׿ְѶŵŽЦ£ɾ˽οҡôôɵ
׿컹ǿΪ󹬾Ǹôĵط
Уٿվҵûȥȥͻ˵Ҳҳôصĵӣ
ճһסЩۣ㲻ܻȥ
׿˦֣Ҳô˽ôİõŽȥҳܵһУ
ڻȥֻ㡣ճסļ磬ΪʲôҪرдһ£Ǻ֪Ժ£
ǡ׿ˮμֱҪϢĸоҪ
ճü̾˿ңžһ嶯ˣôһԭģҿϵδǰοġ
׿ЩȣүŻΪ˶μңԸ޽
ճ˵ûܡʵԶĴ֪ڶμҵӲùҪһɽɽǻϵĻǾٺòˡ
׿ҡҡͷͬ˼ȫ˵ͨȻμ֮ǰһЩ飬ϽǺģǫҲ˵Ͻĺܺã
ճ㿴ۣͨЩ̧ۣͷֻΪŲŵİɡ
Լ׵ܵܶɵֺοһѪ׹ϵϺأ
׿סˣǰκȨҲ˼Щ飬û뵽һְ̬˸顣
Ǹ߸ϵĻλĶҲ˼ɵĶ
νȨҲ䱾ʣƿص
ô죿׿ɥ֪Ǹʹǳ˲¹ͷĹһ
ΪػɵͷȴԽԽˣƫԭ켣
ܾˣμˣھҲˡ
ճʵڲ֪ΰοֻнرš
ϣܸɸܵһһֱʧȥҲջġ
ջճ޾İǰյ̫ƽ£ǴӴԺ޿ܡ

춼ܵ£ŲһЩȸüĿ
ʵ춼⣬һץסŵʹʱʶڴ裬ߣЩ⣬ӦöǡȸĳԱ뵱ӦһˣҪáȸȫʧⲢһԣһҪԼĳŵ
֮󣬰ʶҪƾԼȫȸʱܵģ£һˡ
ѡ׿졣
׿⣬Ƕ෽ʹ˲춼ǣ춼ǻԵҪ׿͡ȸ֮䣬в֮
ǡȸ׿츹е̥Ͳ
԰дһŸ׿졣

ճ׿ӵţֱɫȥ
ƽճ˵Ļ޵ʱððʧʧĻص춼ȥ¶Զ˵ްֻ鷳
ʻ˷ţе־ޱȱǸ뵣ǡ
ϣܹúñԼۺʱҪ׿ضǧﱼϮ
ճĿתĶּſžЦ
ڵּҲˡ
׿±ʣżװŷ⣬ЦЦ˵ҵŬûа׷ѣġôү֣ѧ˾裬ԺүҪʣҲδɰ
һЦԴӻصӹüΪɢҪȥӪҲôÿԣż鷿д֣ʮֿ
紾ӣ׿ܿӦճ˾͸Ϊˡ
׿رճǰ붼飬ڴ˿̾Ȼˡ
ǳ̲ϵϪˮȴζ
ճӺ滳ס׿죬ϲƱͺӵȫһ
ճ΢΢ͷ촽׿ĶᣬһӰɡ
еһ㶣˵ʲô
ճСĸֱۣ˵һӰɡ
׿￩һ£ǰС̫֮ҽ˵޷кˣһӦҲࡣ
Щʧ䣬ҡҿ¡
ճĹģѾʹˣֻ˵ѣûлᡣ
׿ͷſǻỹǺС԰ɡ˸۵ЦʵûкҲûʲôһ𣬶˵㹻ˡ
ճͷ̺Ͷģһһӵġ
û£׿תȥЦŶкӹȻãûҲӰ֮ĸ飬үʲô
ճﺬ˵飬쿴׿챧Сӣʶˣʵ׿ڴӵһӵģֻӲοѡ
ȷ˵ˣٴλеĻǳСҲǲܡ
ճۣս׿Ķͷ۽ǣûֻٸһӡ
׿챻ıϢþģֲܾ̾
ֻӦʣҪô죿
ճЦСǾͶഴЩᡣ
׿Щ£ôഴ᣿
ճ΢΢üһӽ׿𣬡Ǿͷͬˡ
˲һץճͷ߳ܵүں˵ˡ
ůһҹϡҡ
һжôã˱ȴ鰸ϵĵš

 135 

׿ǵڶ˵š
ǳܿдģϸ˵ˡȸ顣
ȸܴ֮̿֯ܿǰҲǡȸһԱ뵱֯ףͬʦá
˵ʱȸǸֻ֯ɱ֮ˡ
ɺףӹˡȸ֮󣬡ȸͱҵС
ҲΪʲôܿ롰ȸѣӵԭ
Ȼ˳֮ܿ⣬кܶ̿ӣǸǫϲġףЪɱĹҲ֮һ
ףΪɱ֮ˣ˴裬ȴ뷴ƶ
£ʵǳܿڱһıġ
ףЪΪʦҲĴѰӵĴ̿ͣҵܿʱ򣬺Ȼ֮ģ֪ΪʲôôԸҲҪ롣
ʱףЪѾǫӰ£ƶһԼжϣԵӳܿе֪ȸȻΪҵʱѡ֡
˵һȥѡȸ
ףЪҲȷʵģ͹Ҷԡȸӳ̶ȣףЪһڣҾ½ˡȸһĵ̿֯ڵġȸɱˣռ鱨αװ̽С
׿쿴ţüͷ˵ڻ֪춼˶١ȸߣ
˹ȻѾ˴⣬ǰһսǱȻᷢġ
ܿ˵Ҫ׿Ѿ춼йڡȸһЩֻҪϰæܿһܰȺ˾
׿δҶ룬ȥճ㣬ǵúú
ǵޭݹеʱ򣬰Ҳᵽ˵һߵȥҹ׿ǸӦþǡȸˣô˵ȸֹ춼ǣҲǵİߡ
ճ㿴ţ΢΢üȸ鱨һ֪ģǰճȫûע⵽Ҳ˵صж
үô죿
ճŵֲԾ߬Удһţܿ
ǣ˳ȥһʱֻʣˡ
׿˵أ춼аްǣĵطֻԼˡ
ճ㿴˵ͷһսȸֱӹϵǰȻûֱӲϽһսҲ֪һЩ飬߱˵ϽǺȻӿģƾճֵһǵսǿʱձҲûͨʲôķʽմġ
׿쾪ȣǴͨ̿ڽ𣿡
ճҡҡͷͨ̿Ѿˣһ㶼ء
׿룬Ҳ벻üĿϽ֮䲻Ƕ¾ǴɽǵôģѵǴСƹģǾ͸ˡôĶǲһ㶼֪
벻ͨͲȥˣճһǫעϽ紦ĶԱ׼
Ҳֻˡ

º춼ǶּϵȻٸˡ
Χİն⣬ôôĵ꣬˵Ͳˡ
ϰҲ֪١
һͻϮȽЩֲֻôӺ˺׼·ûнӵκϢȽ鹺֣⣬Ȼᱻٸϡ
ֱ̧ͷȺɵĳܿ
һ£ͷɴˣһ֧·ڡ
ѵȺʱˡ
˭ȽԵ
ɴµṴǣúŮ˷ϻֱһڹȥֱȽ鹵ĸһԵĸо
Ƚ鹰ãڵģ׽Լġ
֮İ춼½жط⣬û֪Щ˶ȥ
ڰһеȴʶ¡ȸѾȫˡ
ģΪһֻǴȫġ
Ҫץס

֮󣬶ʽ̳Ϻ֮λűΪ
μҲǸ˱۵Ĵڣ˶òϣμڶϣѾΪ˴辳ڣµһ
ڶƺ죬ճҲʽϽصפأӴ˺İɶμػ

գ۾͵꣬ǰ󷢱ʱ
ԽǿǸʱ䣬׿Խ
⼸ճʼĴѰҡȸĺۼȸȫʧһô鶼û
սڼ׿յϢȻָ
Ͻÿʮվͻ߱Ȼ߱˵Ͻ̫ƽԽ׿Խġ
֮ǰǰһޣ˭֪ڶĳϼӳĻ᲻Ѫȷ硣
¶ʮߣǰаµʱ䣬춼ǴϢճ뾩μ̫Ӳ䡣
Դ̫󣬺ڵƾ˱仯мλΪ˺ӡ
ҪΪ̫ӵĻӣǻʺĶӣꡣ
֮ǰʼزϺˣԲŻôżľͼӷ̫ӡ
ճžͿʼ׼̣һεĲٹٶҪμҲ⣬ճر𽻴ǫҪĶᣬԴ跢
׿λ춼Ҳ²ϾѾûмˡ
׿Ңƽ˶֮ͻص춼ǣż׿ддţȰˣϾӣͣǲΪá
ֺ׼˺ܶ౱زҪ͸үˣȻܸȥ⻹еģСȫС
пЦõĿһһİҪȥûôĶ
׿Ƽüô˼Сæϣ
֮䲻ԾֻһֱҲû˵տⲻҪ䡣
׿쿴˿ճ˵үǴʲôʱƸ񰡣
Ƹ񣿡ճ㲻⡣
׿һЦָָ̧Уţ⣬ϽƸȢȥ֪ˣΪҰԧأ
ߺϵİһԵȫлͷһͣ鲽ܻȥ
ճ㿴׹Ŷһֲֹӡ
аվ̲סˣүǲҪȤˡ
ô˵ˣ׿첻˵㲻ȢҼֹ
⻰ҲŶеĴ𰸣֪˵뻹ǲ롣
Ҳ½ţѽҡ
׿쿴֧֧ӣЦһ£Ҫǲ룬ҿɰˣ
𣡡ɬͷ롭뻹𡭡
˿漴۵Ц
׿ҲοĵͷãǡҾͰõãչɱ𹼸
һ㶣˸Цģһúչֹ
׿üأȻֻҵѾߣҲƸܰ˴ߣҲȱлңʲôʱƸ˵°ɡ
֣صĵͷ뷨׿ĲıϣҪƸȢֹţί
зźð߽ȥͿŴš
ϾҪӭˡ
еո˵Ļ㶼˰ɡ
ֽߵĵ˵ͷ
һЦңҴ춼ǻȢš

 136 

꣬³죬Ļ汻ʽΪ̫ӡ
ٹڳǰزΰݣ֤ͬһ䡣
ͬٹٳԾƣף̫ӣҲΪԶĿ˽ӷ硣
춼ڷ˲Сı仯ϲǸܻʵۣоԵȨҲȫΧ֮ǰսڶԪ˵Ĵ裬㻺
ڵϵϣǰȷʵɣ˲٣ǰǲɫѲټ
һƣŵ˾ٱ
죬ĺܸˡ
ճһģǰڳΪٵԱѾϴһ̫Ϊ峯ãҲǷ˲˼
ͫûû磬̫ӵĲûг֡
֣߸ôû
һЦ˵ͫС˵ˣ˭֪ȥˡ޿Ҳ
һԵĴЦϣ˵үǰʱڵϳˡ
ϣϾȵСѵȥ޹ˣ
˶˺Ķ䣬ճҲü޹кιϵ
ЦЦϰˣԶڱ֪Ҳ֪ʲôʱϲϹˣТ֮ǰޣϣܴͻ顭ԷϾǵϵĹôȥ޵˼Ҹͬ⣬߰һӵĻң뿪˴裬ޱΪ¾ȥˡĳǸˣȻ׷ȥˡ
ĴҲЦүȻ˰ϣͫķ¾ͳȤ̸ʡ
ɢǰϵճ㣬ٹǵȻΪֵܶûҪһ£ճȴƤͣе㲻õԤС
ȻϿھ׿¡
ȻӦŲ׷£޻ϣ޵ǰһ£ġϷԣ޾Ϊ
϶˵ˣճ㻹ô죬ΨӦ¡
糯ޡ
ǡ

׿ص춼Ǻֱӻ˽ȥأҪȥμ̫ӵķóʱĸ˵˵
ؿŮȻˣ˱ڻµĴ
ˣҲʵˡΪȥܿ࣬ڿүչ˵Ĳ
׿ʪĵͷүҺܺãĸ⼸࡭
Щϵͷϵİ׷Ҳ˲١
ĸŮһٺѣ˼֮Բö˵˶ģټ̫ˡ
˵˵⼸﷢飬䲻Ķǣ׿ҲʮȤģرԹ׿ҢľƢʱ׿۾Цˡ
׿ڽԹ緹ͻ˺Ҳ֪ճǱߵôֱȵ䣬û뵽ȵľȻǶ
δһ׿ϲд̾лⲻ˸п
ǸôˣƤĳСӣȻѾôˡ
һɫϵڡ
˫дȣ˫ıǰԴվںĴǰ
Ա˼ţ׿컹Щ
࣬ɰƭĺòҰ
׿Ǻ£ǫģ֪µĶ̷õ׿ƭǡȻһ֪µģ
̫ɶˡ
׿쿴ǰһͷߵĶֹסû뵽Сӳ֮Ȼô־Ӧĸ̡
̧ͷа겻Ҷˣ
Ʋ˦֣ѾǺүˡɲСƨˡ
׿Цŵͷãκүӭٺᡣ
Ųӣ˽ȥ
׿˵ճ㱻˵ˣԼһ
׿˸˲裬˵˺һỰճŻص
һţ׿ͷճɫ̫ã첻ҪҩӣӦþǺͻ̸Ĳ²Լйء
μү
κүض񣬺οûˣ̫
ʵڷϾͼ棬ֻ˵ϻѡ
ЦЦˣҪлүЩİҪûүϽЩˣϽԲᷢչҪϽллү
ϽнգĹ͡ճļ磬ĺܺá
佱Ķֲ֧͵صͷ˵Щʲôһʹæ
׿̽ŵôˣ
˰֣ëˣû¡ҳԿҩͺá
˵ͳһСƿһźɫҩ裬
û£һͺˡ
׿첻ĵüͷǽ㿴ɡ˵ȥ˺
ûʲôֻȥԼϣƵ
ǰĳһ죬ȻʹëӶŲʲôҧһ
Ͻλҽһҩר
ֱȻѯЩ֢״ֿ˿ҩ衣
˵һ²ŻᷢһβÿγһžͺãҩѵãҪٶеģҲֻŶѡ
ԽǸζüͷԽڶĸ˰̾˿
ûв´ǲǸеĹƳ淢
ʲôļ˶סˣƳ棿ʲô
˵ƳһֺܹϵϽһʢУԴΪĽɡ
Ƴ˵ˣ档
ɶĶһֻƳ档
ۣôܣҴûгԹӣ
кܶ෽ʽڣδؾҪֱӳԽȥܿǻʲô㲻עԽȥġ
׿Ųûа취ó
˵Ӧа취ģҪ֪ĹƳ浽ʲôźö֢ҩܻ̼ҪôҩҲ᳦ö
ԾԼĶӣǻŰɣҷʱԿҩͺ
ͷҲǸ취
ճıȴɣҩþһأ
ڳҩ飬ճĵˣԲܳƵǸð취
㻹취ŪĹƳ澿ʲô
ã취
üĿˣҶμҵһӢɡ
ճ㿴һۣǵ㻹룬˭Ҫôɡ
ǰ˭Ҫأ
׿ֱڴҲûףһռ̳оλĺүʲôˣ
ճͷȱˣһ绹Ҫȥϡ
Ŷ׿ǰˣҪϣûôԲ͵¡
һ㶼ú»ˡ
Ϊ֪ճڡ

 137 

ڶ죬׿Ժճʥ
Ⲣ׿һεȴǵһݶ
ǰ׿ôһԼվһߣվǸ߸ϵĻʵ۶棬̹Ȼ
ܲμϡ
檲μϡ
ڴ֮ϵϣɫ࣬۾ȴǸ˿ȷ
ȻһǹŮװȫͬɢ䵭ʣȴһޡ
ôҲû뵽СŮȻ㲻ޱصĺ
ɡ
лϡ
ϳ˿ڼˡϰˣȳȥлҪͬ˵
ճ㿴׿һۣ˵ͷȻ˳ȥ
ڵճѾôϻ̳Ͽ֣Ϊ֪Ѿûκܰˡ
ճһߣϾ˸̨׿ߡ
һ첻֪˶á
ԹԵЦ£þðС
׿΢΢ͷ˻ϣˡ
ˡüҪ㣬վͲúõվˡ
лϡ
㲻лޣΪ顭ʵһʼ֪ʱ޲һʥּץ㲻ޣ˽ŮװǱӪ֪֪Լ˶
׿۽һȷʵд£˽ǳȴΪŮӪǶ
ŶһЦ˼ǣֹŮӲξǴඣ
׿ɫ檲µĶԴǳΪŮ֮ҲĻߣҲԸʿߣͼ־ǶıߣҪΪһͶŮһŶۣȷʵʧƽ
˵ġԼ𣿡
檲ûָ֮УӢֹ߲һˡ
Ϻ̾ݡ
׿ʶԼܹڼʧԣ̵檲ⶥײϡ
޷ϵŮ˵ƽǶ޵ĻӲʹҲ˵˿ģΪѵáһЦ޿ʼΪʲôϰôϲˡҪ㣬Ҳ
û˵ȥȴǳĬ˼
׿΢΢üţճ㲻һӵңҲճǰϧ
ˣޱ粻㣬Ҳ׷Щ飬ҲԤ㡭üһЦ㲻ٽӪϰҲһŪޡ
檲ҡ
޿ɲʲôң˽飬㶼ɵóʲô㲻ҵģ
׿һ£ƺûҪϸ˼
˵޽սʵʵģҲ֪ôõˣֵֵáһ޾áֵá
׿Ĭֻܵͷȥ˵š
ҡ޻еź
ʱ˽ϣǹ˵ˣڵš
ŶɫһɣЦЦɡֿ׿죬ҲûˣǸ˵˵
һ䣬׿Ϳ̬ǧĶſ˽
һ׿һ˲ʧ񣬺Ȼصǰһ
·ͷϵΣϵЦǰӰӡ
֮£׿öűԼһӣϸĶ£ӦԺ֮е飬ӦñʱԼҪӦֵĶɡ
檲μ
׿񣬶ûл񣬶̸ȥ
ڶŵ׿ֵһ̣׿ü
񡣡Цţ˵ӱˣһֱü˵ˣűļ׷ˣºͽ㲻Ҫʧ񡣡
Цҡҡͷ޷ǽҲûˣô㡣
׿΢΢£ƺͦ谮ŵģҲǡôõĹĸܾܾأ
ϵţȥ㹬Ҳ˵
Դź̾檱Ҳģֻǽճ檻Ҫȥɻʺｻ飬ʵڹ˲д㣬빬ɺã
׿æͷáÿգټҲ١
Ǿô˵ˣŸ˵һЦ񣬡ǳ檾ˡ
˵꣬һƵ˳ȥ
ֹһ׿Ҳӳ˳ճһԵţӭȥ
ôûΪɡ
׿ҡҡͷСǻȥ˵
ճ̾Ͷ˼㲻ϸʣ̴˳ȥˡ
صеˣȷ˸٣˿
ճ㼱е׳ʲô£
׿۾һүڵɼˣ
ˡ
еĿʲôˣ
мŮ
׿ͷŽռҴҵĵǰּҴҵ뿪ӦþΪ˲ߵѾߣ
ճһ׿̯һֽ
ʲôʡ
ڲʱġ
ճ̱ñִֽ
дţʱ̣ӵԺ᷿һܡ
ʲô˼ӵǻϵ޵ȥǸʲô׿Щɻ
ճҲҪǵ飬ֽ˵뵱ǡ
׿Щô˵ı˼ˣҼ˺ܾܿߵĹŮŻַʽǡ
ճҲͬ⣬ǱǱȥ

æһǰѻʺ󽻴Ĳ°ˣ͸ðԼˡ
СŮһʣȥӵ𣿡
˿ڱеĲ裬ͷææҹȥȻҪǰȥš
Աġ
ǱķµȻҪϸչš㡭ͬŷ˵𣬽ձҲҪȥΪ°
ģԸˣҪ׼ʳҲˣ͵ȥˡ
Ǿͺá
ʱһСŮ߹Ϊż磬һһ̽ʵȥǰˣǺū澿ӵгɫ˼ˣҲ֪˵ʲô˵أ
۽΢΢һȻЦ£ǣǺҲǱı㣬ֻǿϧڱǰҲû˵ϼ䡭Ǹүһμ̫ӵķ䣬ǹվͻȥˡǶûл˵ˡ
СŮȻĵͷ㲻˵ˡ
ŶŲ豭ȴһڶȲȥˣɫۣŽҪ顭ֻһλᡣ
ϣ׿Ǳܹ˳ʵ̫ĻҪ˵
̫ܣҪ

 138 

ϣճ׿ƹ˹
ӵ᷿ǻƽʱһЩ黭ĵط׿ճûˣѸٵ˽ȥһƬ
ʱ̣춯һۣӦˡ
һȻ˿ſ׿ճڰ۲ţͼһŵĵĴţΪ¿˿ȷϰȫźš
΢΢ᣬ׿㿴
ţ׿
սŵĶ̳ȥ׿˿
û˵׿ߣſ˵ǲȫ
ȵã׿̲סʣţô½ǳʲô£ﰲȫ𣿻᲻ᾪҹѲ
Űѵһߣ˴ңŵĶͷ˺
лүΣǰ֪һ֣ΪʲôҪôʱ䲻࣬ź˻Ϻ˰ߵĲ˯ʱͻүһҪϸŽҪ˵Ļ
׿ճ㶼һȻʶƺĻҪء
̹ȥһ˴
׿쾪ˣæȥǸʲô
ŹŰɡһƬţ
׳ʲô£ճ̲ʡ
߬ȭͷӽҧĳݼѵؼһ仰
Ѿ׼Ҫˣ
ʲô׿챻һʲôʱô֪
۽һšȸ˵ġ
ȸճҲüͷʶȸˣ
ŵͷҲҲеһ
˵ʲô
ıۣ뿪춼ǰҺһСϽϣҵҵġ
ǵǸߵ˶˵֪֪СүѾˣ
вռϢԭĿ걾үġǵǵ֪үҪ뿪춼֮󣬾;ѾûмֵˡҺܺ¡ҲȡǵΣͱɣԵʱҾһ취֪ģҽɻ϶ݵ飬˳ļ޽ʲôطܱȻߵ鱨мֵ𣿴Ժ󡭡ҾݿʼڹȸռϢ
׿Ŀɿڴԭ޽ͼǲǰŮӣȻе飿
ţ֪˵ʲô𣿡
֪ɬĵͷű˴ҡ
ճЩɻ󣬡Ͻбţ˿˵Ļ
ۿţЩݣʵʵһֱ֪һֱ֪¡
СʱһԺ֪ΪŶ棬ۿĸ׸˵ܵһǡ
ǿǣǹƳ档
ֹƳҪʮģȵƳѹͻ˺ҧֱʹ
˵ۿŶĪѰ̳ʮĶӣͻȻȥʱϵı黹᲻ôҸ
Ҳ¸߸ĪѰģȴô˵Ҷ죬ҲΪһš
ź¼ˣľԲ˵ȥϾǸʱ򻹺СûþͰ¸ˡ
ֱϽ·ɱ̺ʶţҪҪͬȥ
ҡͷ˵ҪŸףչ˵ܵܡ
һЦĪѰѾˣҲģĹƳ𣿼Ȼ㲻һȥǾ˰ɡ
ųҾ춼֮Ѱҽҵܾȶİ취
ǣֹƣ¹Ƶа취ӻƳ淢⣬˸ҩΡ
˵ҪȥִСڵĹƳ棬ֻһ취ʿȡ
Ҳûˡ
˵仰֮󣬶ŵ˲ˡ
ֻܼϣԼļֵȡ
׿Щһֱȸˣ
ŵͷ⣬˭һвأ
ճü˵ĹƳ֮£ϲıϣӦġ
ż˵֮Ҿͳ̽ϢȥȡƳĽҩÿһҩάֵʱһ£ϢԽмֵܻʱԽ
׿һ£γһֻҩҲ˵ֻµʱ䣬ҵİ취Ƕͱˡ
ճʣȻˣҹΪΪΰҪϢأ
ҧ´ΪΪѾѡˡ
ʵмƻϢڰǰ˵ˣϸϢȻ֪׼ˡ
ʹ迪սõһǰһǶ⣬žԲ鷢
ǶȰ˵֮Ļϣʱз䣬
һϽסճص춼Ϳ취֪ǰӦս֪Լٴȥˡ
۵˵֪أԭ£ϣү׼бȸѾȫǵıս׼ĴһܵģһͷڵϣſүһΣ
׿۽ֹסû뵽ô飬ȻǶһִٳɵģһ֪ŴȷҲ̫ڴˣ
׿ȥ᲻öԶ˵ʲôػйƳ飬Ѿ֪ˣҵ취ģ˵飬ǿʱģүڣһ˵óѵģ
̧ۿ֣㲻ң
ʲôʸȥأɼϹĿ˶ѡ
׿쳶˸Цô֣ҲΪ㡣㻹Ҫ㶼󴫵ʲôϢҲ㡣
ָֻЩͷļ꣬ûʲô̫ҪϢսʲôӰ죬ǰǰҪһݾڱͼ
ˣճü
ŰûڵصͷˣǷͼϲı𡣡
ճͷս£б仯֪飬עͼҲûʲô֡
ү֪Լ˴ֻ뾡ȣֻȸİʱ̼ӣֻүȴ˽֮һȥǰԸΪԼµĴеκκֻǡϣүΪʱܣǰҲãԼĽˡ
˵˵ſ޳޵׿ͷһᣬţ㲻Ҫ̫㣬Ҳһѡ񡣡
ճ̾һƲȥպ˵֮ҪŪǵĽƻճ˵ţȰǧܴݾߣҪʲôϢ취ǡ
æ˵ͷүģѾ֪꣬ô
׿ţһᣬ뿪ʱŻֻǸδСѾԶһˡ
˷ǣ˷ǡ

 139 

õҪ鱨֮ճ̸ϽصǫţҪ׼ǿ߾Ѳ
֮ճ㻹дţҪʱ׼֧Ԯ
׿ҲÿϽĵͼо˵ôģǽ˼죬Ҳ紦ֻɽͶ£Ѳ˻ɲɣ
һʱ˼޹ʱת۾͵ʮ죬ڹ磬ճ㡢׿컹ж
϶ڶϽĹϸʮָȤ˵
ҲţżһƣӦ䣬ϯҲ֡
ƹѲͻȻ£öһղûϵϲ
ȻͷƺãϾһ˵ҲȤ׿٣轣ɺã
׿쿴˿Լһµ·ûдô·轣أžܾһճжмڴӣֻЦӦˡ
һʱ𣬽Ӱ׷ɡ
⻹ϵһο׿轣Ͳÿ
˴Լ䣬һһʽ֮䣬޲˾̾
ԭŮ轣ҲӢ
ϵЦ£Ȼƿۡ
ճȻԼķˣͲǳʱĳ档
ȥе˴δ䣬ǰҲδ䡣
һձϣ׿츩л񣬸Ҫ̧ͷʹæܽһС̫
ϣϽмӼű
һڳ˶һʶ׿컥һۡ
Ӧ󷢱ˡ
ȻϿű֮ɫ̺
ͻȻϽжʮֹۡ
ճüͷһ壬鲻ô򵥣ֻжʮˣǰ׿ҢŶʮǰȥ֧ԮʱͲڽڰˡ
ϣԸʱǰȥ֧Ԯճ˵ϽʮǾУ
ϱ࣬εľٱǰȫͬһֻˣһȴжʮϽ֮أǵôģ
ûճʶϽжսɵֵס
ɫףϣϽʮбʮ򡭡ϽϾع㣬ɢڸפǾ֮䣬ĶʮͬʱһǣǺѵֵ
üͷԽԽ̧ۿ˿ڵϵճ㣬áϰˣ޾ٸʮһͬϸϽʮһܶ
ǣ
ϣճ׿׼һ
ڹȻżһ޸֮Ůӻʲôأֻȥǰϣ׼׿һ̡
ϰڶźͶôûҲʹӦˡ
ڶʮѾڳ⼯ˡ
׿´ף˷촽ЩףԼЩţϾһȴ˰ʱ䣬ùƼıһγ֡
ճҲף׿һЦ
֪ճڰοԼ
߰ɡ˵
׿쳤һͷеĽס
ڶߵսýﶼ˳
һΣһӮ
ʮˣ߳춼ͼһϧͤ£һ۵ǵˡ
׿̼ӭ˹ȥЩȵʣţô⣿
Ŵһ£һʳУͤͣһԵһŮ
ǡ
׿ȻĵͷŶֶճ˵үȴ·ɣһҺ׷
ճҲ֪һкܶĻ˵ͷá
Ӽн׿ͶȺ
ڻʹûļͬźú˵仰ڼ۾̾ͺˡ
㡭ŻûգҪˣ´ֲ֪ʲôʱܼ᲻㡭
ſЦţļ磬ȷҩֻά£ûҵ취ܰһλܼܲŵﶼûеס
ǰοӮ̣Ǿܼˡ
ͷİɣѾСˣϽ˵ģ
һҪעⰲȫᣬóø˸УϽһֱǶμػһͿˡ
šҧҶμڣһģϿأᱣǵġ
šЩʣġ
תͷ׿죬㺲ԶŴδ¹
࡭ౣء
׿˸ЦڹҲһչˣ㲻صġ
˵ǹƳ£˵ƳȻȡӻҩȴδƲֻҪʱ䣬һа취
ŵ˵ͷҲ֪û˼ǿ
һ
һ
ЦЦ˸ɢˣʳУЩСģǴ·ϳ԰ɣһ·ⲻࡣ
СʱϲĵˣһжԳԣ۾
ȲĴʳУһ
к֡÷⡢ҡö֣̳һ׼
ȵȣźȻгЩԾ
ôˣͣԭأЩĪʡ
Ŷеĺ֣ڱšζԾ
˵ҲаٴΣζѾʮ̶ֹȻɢˣǶŻǴʵһ˿гĹζ
Ŷʱһ˼æͬһСŮ㣬ʳг㣬˭
СŮȻɫصҲһսսĵŮ澡͡һᡭ
𰣡Ǹȸߣˡ
ˡһӻеʳӦ䣬֪ˡ
׿ô£ͻȻ·һԵУܳʮ󺺣ŵ˿ɵؾǿ˹
Сģ׿һὣӭս
һʱǵҲ˾ĴҴܣ׿커Ŷ㵽ϧͤ£ԼͶűЩ˶š
ʲôˣ׿ͼͺһ£ȻЩ˶ѵصɱ֣ᵶǰ壬Ҫǵ
׿ͶҲҵϾ˫ȫѵ֣еͻͷء
ԷĹҲһһ֮䣬׿Ͷͽ·硣
ʱ淢ѣǷס׿죬ʣΧŶ׼ȰĶٽ׿졣
Ȼ͸ǵ뷨׿˦ԼˣֻۿŶǱ˼
ͻȻϰһˤ˵ϣһ˻Ҫն
׿챻סߣ״һޱȵĿ޺㣡
֪ʱ˹ǰһ
׿һеĽЩ䣬š
ûʱȥ룬׿սĽҪƴɱһѪ·
ʱֻಡΧĺ̵ȥһХ
׿̧ۿȥԭĺ춹׷˴󲿶ӣ֧Ԯ
ճϣһѹٵĳɱ

 140 

죬ˡ
׿ͷڶߣ΢ĺͶ˻ߵĿ޺
ˮϣˢȾѪĵϡ
㡭ڵϣŶŵϰ
ŵıϱһ޴˿ڣѪֹɫѾޱȲ԰ף촽ķ
㡭һˡҡ
ųȥڶϣ𡭡ޡޡѾѾǸӺˡ
ס֣һĵͷãҲޡҲޡҲˣҲ㶥ˡˣ
ŬĳǣһѪӿ˳
㣡
ҲĬˣΪ˶֪ûˡ
ؿڳ鶯ţǿ죬㲻١չˡ㡭Ҫչ˺ԼϽҺ͵ῴ㡭
㣡ҪҪңңֻˣֻ˰
źԽ΢̧ƿ˶ţ˿ɫʹ׿졣
࡭
׿Ӧţ˵
ѪӶŵʳڵϣ˳ˮȾ׿ףš㡭δ
Ƕŵһβþͬ׿˵ҲֻʱԸĸ˵
׿ҧŴԼ޳֪
֪һֱ֪
ŲЦ£ͬƽǾͺá
ȻۣҲû
ԽԽ󣬴ۣ͹УıŶŵʬ塣
ⳡͻıʣ˲ɣ
ʧȥĸʱʹԹޣȻǸйӡ
׵ʬʱǱŻ۰
Ļ꣬κ
Ѿᣬϵֻпɬˮ
ճǰ׿ļ磬˼ס
ⲻյ㣬Ǳȥ
׿ĨϵᣬŽվԶ˵Ȼ춼ǣҺүȥϽ
ճҲͬ취ӦĴ̿֯ȸȴŻȥͬ㣬Ǳ̸Ͻ̲ݻ
ſվվǰˣ˵ûϽսţûʱﵢ顣
Ѿʬ壬ճһͽ
ҽʬ춼ȥ
أ
ԽᶨҺүȥϽҵļ磬ҴӦ˰Ҫػͷ˿ˣһЦڿء
׿쿴ͻȻɳ꣬Щɬ
ǻͻȻ

ʮգ̫ɽ֮ǰճʮϽؽ硣
Ϊ֮ǰ鱨ϽηӦܿ죬󹥳һ֮ھѾӦԡ
ĿǰϽʮܵ˽ǫѾ֯سǣڵȴ֧Ԯ
ʮîʱճǫųǳɹغϡ
ȻѾδҲûʱ
ǫΪճ˽ս
ǴϽϱߵĳҺǿʼģڿٵĵ֮һ·вڵλųʮңͻһֵĹǡ
ճ㿴ŵͼıע˵ͷжˣ
ٶʮ򡣡ǫ⻹ǱعƣΪүʱע߾ĶԳҺһǾյϢҪǻ֪˾ôġ
ճüİûκϢ𣿡
ûСǫɫȥηϢأΪ׼˺ܾá
ճͷȷ׼˺ܾáꡭꡭ
ʱһֱŵ׿쿴ŵͼЩɻ󣬡ǫȷǴӳҺǿʼģ
š
Ǿˣ׿ֵ˵ͼϵĳҺǣҺǺ֮ŵģһɽôģ
ôһ˵ҲסˣȷҺǺ֮ŵϽʥɽ
ճ΢΢̾˿ǵȰǰã׼Ӧս
ǣ
ϣ׿쿴ŵͼٳٲ˯ܾųҺʲô⡣
ճæһصӪʱ׿ͷĿתĶŵͼ
ڿʲô
׿˼˵үѵѡҺǺ𣿡
ճժԼĻļףʲô뷨
׿ѵͼ̯һŸΪϸĵͼү㿴ҺǺʥɽ֮һƬ֣һƬ˵شϽ˶ʥɽǺܾصģײ῿ڱʥɽǾҲǼûдׯûг򡣡
ճü˼ǣ
׿ͷҲ˵Ǿ˳Ρ֮ǰһֱΪǴϱǲ֪ķʽģڿƺǡ
ճ㿿ͷʲôʽһӮġ
׿찲οĳ˸ЦճĻûģ
Ϊ֪ճҲû㹻İա
ʱ⴫Ǻ̽Ϣˡ
׿ڴ˾һֱź֪Ϊͷǰȥ̽Ϣ׿켴ΪģҲΪġ
ܳӣͿһһףϣ࣬Ҳ˲٣ϵǸŽ˩ľ׿͸Ľ׹
ƥ߽ϳǰ׿졣
࣡ܵǰմȾһЩôˣ
׿쿴ڸԼһͷЦү֧Ԯ
˵ͷʵҲµǰ֧ԮӦүֻû뵽ҲˣһΪȥڱأû뵽һû䡣
һᵽӣ׿εЦ£ҾԼǸó󡭡
ЦǵǣǾһ𲢼սˡ
׿˳ִһ£šǽʵ࣬ô书ûУ
üҪҪһҿо԰ʤ㣡
𣿡
ȻϽ⼸꣬ҿһ㶼ûţÿϰд衣
׿Ӧţ˭д裿ǫ𣿡

׿һ㶣˵
һЦûǰޡ
׿Щοԭ춼뿪֮Ͻˡ
šͷ˵˱Ҫ£ͻҺ졣
ҲõĽˣ׿ͣĲ
ͷ̾˿ǰʲôУȴ֪ԼҪʲôʲôûˣѧȥϧԼʣġȻûԺյݣûбûнǮãиɰСֶӣѾǳˡ
Сֶӣ׿첻һ㶡
㻹֪ɣЦϸ£ոһк
ģ׿쾪ϲѣǫô¶˵һ
ÿæӪ£ƶԼѾǵˡ
أ
ٰˣչҺǫҲġ

ԽԽģĬĬһеճҲ˴ǡ
á
ûⳡսۣ͸ˡ

 141 

˱ٳ¡
ճսףվڳǽ֮ϣսһ
ȻХܲսһӣѹǶ

ս֮ãսһһϮڽء
ȴԽĲֹۣ˿ûҪ˵˼ԽսԽ¡
˶Ρ
ս׿ЩסˣʾүҴӲǰɣȥƳǽģ
ճ㿴ֱߵͼϵı˹ƵļǣҡҡͷУǵ̽Ӹ̽ȥóȻȥܻܿ˵
׿첻ָָͬͼһص·ҴߣȻ·ԶӦúܰȫ
ճ㿴һѡ·һųԶƹһɽػص·
ȷأҪҪյ·̡
׿ü֪ճԥүǱֻǱأŲסġӦҲˣ˵ݹӦƺĻҪʱ֮ǰҪñսȻƲڣǱҪһСͣ£ҡ·ͨҺǡ
ճ΢ʲô
׿˼һһǾǴӳҺǿʼܲԾҴǱȥ
ճԳһ£׿˵Ҳ޵ķܹ鲻ǰ취
áӦˣһҪСģһʲôԾ̳ˣսǿ
ǣ

Ȼճһαų򣬵Ǹ׿ӢҰλͺһ
Լ֮ʽ𷴹
׿֪һεжڴ˵жôҪҲһ·Сĸ·
ڳĵڶϣ׿Ѿ˳Һ⡣
вͬǣҺǲûأֱһճǡ
׿ģȥ
У̫ͬΣˡ
׿Ҳ֪ܿµ壬һֱиڸ֪ܣڳҺǺƬ֮С
λҼ·ҳҹȥһۣұ֤һǡ
Уһʲôô죿㲻ȥ
׿ǸԽԽң۾Խ벻ǳš
ȥ
ѾεòȥҲԣȥ
Լȥ
ҾԼȥ
׿ִֺ֣γִ֣
̾˿ðɡ
ڳҺǰҰŴ׿ͺ·
ϣ׿ͺҹɫŨ͵͵˳Һǡ
ʮְǫ˵аѾ˳ȥ׿ֵǣôسǵûС
Һǲ󣬲ʱ׿ͺѾˡ
ʲôûз֣˿߰ɣʲôûС
ȵȡ׿Ȼͣס˶ûʲô
ϸֻкķûʲôر
ԡ׿ɫúѿ˻
׿˳˹ȥֱӴӺŴ֮С
ȻΡ
ԽԽǿңҲˣһۣĵǰ̽ȥ
ǰ˰׺׿Ȼŵʳζ
ǰ˼ʮףǰֺȻ
һסˣ˲ЩԼʲôǸϽ㵽ĺ棬´ݾߡ
׿ţƽ̽ͷȥȷԼոտһвξ
ڼʮѾһƬյأĿ֮߼ʣڿյʤľʣⶼȼ𸽽ڿš
⻹׿𾪵ģʵм䣬һʮȿͨͨһֱͨԶʥɽ
ʥɽ֮£һޱȾ޴Ķ
׿֪ôˣȻʱ䣬ʥɽӵײڿ
Ȼһ⣬һǲĿĲݵġ
ʹһܰ˴ȥҲʮ֮
׿ֻһѡɱ
˼ʱȻһȼľ߳һͷ׵ˡ
˸һ̧ͷֱֱĶ׿ķ
￩һ£Ͻص
ҲһУҲˣǵðүѹЩ˵ݹӦ⣬ԭѾ˺Ǵ־ս׼
׿üû뵽Ȼôģɽ·
ɫһô˵ز˾ǸϽ߰ɡ
׿ͷ
˱ԭ·أߵҺǺʱȻЩԾ
ԭĳţ˿ȴƻͨ
׿ͺһ͡
ͻȻӳֱܳӰΧסˡ
׼ӦսʱֵķȻոǸ߳ˣǵҰ֮ڡ
׿ŻĿһЩϣȴܾ
˫۾·ܿ͸һС
Ц£Ȼ׿׿ҢСŮ
һ׿ͺסˡ
׿Ů±֪ο˻ˣ
˴Ц£ǲǺܺ棬Ϸô֪ݣ
׿ۣͷȷܺ档
ͷĲȽߵߣҪ˵㻹ҪϷһүү
үү
׿ͷԣүү׿ϣǰѾˣӲ֪Լбүү
׿ǰһķ㵽˭
˭ͷЩã˭
Žʱ׼ٷϻ㵽ô
ͷһ£Ȼ̬ȡ
ͻȻͷһϮ˺Ĳٶ֮죬˶ûܿ塣
һӱס˺ͷ־֮󣬳
׿ˣ̳ȥȣͷȫ֮ϣͷһֻźԸ׿Ȼࡣ
ͷһ󳷣Щ룬ЦٶһѿɾҪˡ
˵ţͷּЩʱøԺˡ
úúã׿ŵЭҲ㵽ô
ͷ˸Цܼ򵥣дһţųǵĴţ÷
׿üΣɱˣҲ룡
ǡӻ׿ˡͷɿ֣ˡͶһȥͷԼдŸҵҪĺǻѡ£Ůˡ
㣡׿һͱ˺һ£Ȼǰһڣ˹ȥ
״Ҳһȥһۣ׿챻ӵϡ

֮Ұûеȵ׿ͺԥҪҪԭƻʱСճš
жȡ
Ϊճ׼ǰһŸһ壬׿ġ

 142 

Ƿ͸ճУдҪճųǵĳţȥպۿ׿ͺԴء
вķʽһһľͽ뵽Ͻĵشȥ
ֱ룡
ճеһţѣǺ⡣
֪ԲܴӦ׿ϡ
׿ˣΣθأ
ͻȻ䣬ճԺֳ︡׿ģϣԼôѡأ
һ̣ճ˴𰸡
˽ųصİɢȥȻҪǾǽ
Уպ׼ʱ򿪳ţǽ
üǽ
ճͷӷݣֻѪϽأ
ǣ

׿ģڲŶеһǶţվô󵶵ˣʱҪǵ
Դ֮󣬾һ·ģιҩʶģЩ㲻ʱ䣬Ҳ֪սôˡ
ʱߵĺѹģ
׿ҡҡͷ֪Ǻо·ϡ
ûߣǰкƺƵ
ϵļûʲôãǱ²ˣ
ȷˡ׿ЩΣ㣬ҪҷҪȥͲˡ
ԼԴ˵ʲôأҪֽȥôᷢ˵أҪǣǵ취ӳȥϢү
׿쿴˿Щѵصϣ
Ȳ˵ǱﻹżһҲѴôȫˡ
Ҫܣ·һ
˿̵׿Ҳ˲ֻŸôϢȥô˸ϳ衣

Լ˵գճӳϿнҲǰ
ʶ߬ȭͷһҵʹࡣ
үˡ
ţȥ򿪳ŰɣƻС
ǣ
ճѡҪųһս
һʱѾ˳֮£ڶǰģһճҲûˡ
һδףٵˣξݣĿϬ
̧һӣͣ
Ȼճӳ˳ֻһ˸š
ѾԤˣʹǿ˳˽ȥҲһɣͱضȽȥ鿴
ճѾڳҪľ˽ȥ鿴֮ǰ׿ͺȳ
롭߿ЦЦϷȻûп㡣
ճĮĿ˭أ
ͷЦЦη裬Ϸ𡣳ɽ˵̧Ϸһүôҡ
ǽˣճЩȣȻԺ˼ǷһүһߵҲһͷˮ鲻ãǽˣΪҪս
ү΢΢һЦɾ˵ˡ
ճ㣬ΪԼŮˣһǣϷĸοġүͷ׿죬û뵽֪ʲôҪġ
ųǵķ򣬡ʲôȨɽֵΪ֮һУһİŮˣֵȥϧ
ճ㲻ηľȻˣѿҲӦԼ˻ˡ
үü˻ỹģҪǳ֮ھͰ˸㣬һˣթڳһô죿
һ䣬ճ֪鲻ݵ飬ֲС
ĬĬУֱ˸ԼõĶǺͳϰصĹֵİš
ͻȻӳʮֱֻ
ʱ˾ţųǳŵķܹȥ
ͻı仯öүЩû뵽׷ȴѾˣƥܵ÷ɿ졣
үùļȫճе
Ⱥճ㿴ܻĶү¶Ц
һƣƶү׷
Ƕү˼ǰ˺յճ˾
ү׷𣿣
ˣճŴȥթҲܲ˵׷ȥȦס
ʱ䲻ˡ
ߵһλԥǵʱ䣬ֻˣòųǡ
֪ˣүıܽӲ׷
ʮѵ˲ɣ

֮ܽճ̰׿ͺ˳
򿪵ɲǣ˽ճĻš
ڱץסвεʱ׿춼ûо
ǵճӰֻվ֮ǰʱȴˡ
ûˡճıûˡ
󣬡ү֪ôˣµûѡҺǾΪĵλãȻɥĲ˴ʥɽ˹һ޴Ķ
ճʵһ£ڵƿɲִˡ
ü˲ԥ̫õģǺܿͻ
á
ȻĹ˾ͰͲס̽ӽ
ճѾ˲ڳˣڳⰲʮ˰Уڳ˴ġͬھҲٽһ
̽ڳûз˱ȥһү˽
Ǻܾ裬Ϊ֪ճԲװø
ʱʮѾ߽ˣųоĵģ˿ûΪ߽֡
ϢԴ֮ʱͻȻһӥХŴӵ·ԵİУɰǧ
ڳ·ϵʱһƬ
ܿͼ˶ƣһһأƾͱˡ

֮˲أʮǰ΢΢ˡ
轫ʿֻһˡ
ճվڸߴĳǽ֮ϣףսǹڽʿ׼ӭս
ǣ
ɫӰɱֱ
һڳʱҲʿʢĳ˳
սʱָ֣ճڳ⣬׿ڳڡ
⣬Ѫɫ׷ɣųⶼ˲ѪӰ֮С
ɱ
ɱ
ֱɱߵһ£ɱеĽȫѪ졣
׿ѾȫľԺֻһ򵥵ͷɱ
ҪӶеĽɱǰˡ
ͻȻһÿʿһǹǹͷ̽˺ס
ץǹͷӽϡ
ѪӺϵɫףϵȴһû
ּһѽ˫֣Ŀȥ
Լ⣬ХĳɱУеͳֱݵĿ޺
ĽѾʬ壬ģҲдġ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ͣ׿ҧǰģʶǱ˵Ѫ絽ϡ
һ˵ȥһ
ʵ̫ˣ׿ŽпϣƿѪ⡣
ȻԼѾɱ˳ſڣһ֮ճս
ĽԽԽմѪҲԽԽࡣ
ͻȻоԼıۣһһŴ󵶣Ҫٿ
̽һӣɱȥһʹȥֵ첲ֱһǹ
׿ֱٶѪҲ治
ͻȻĿһ壬˴ӱһγ˲䣬оԼѪӿ˳
ʱ˶ܵ¶ȥ
׿þһ˿⿴ȥ
ճ㱻Χţǹ˫۳졣
ǰˡ

 143 

ڲĻζ׿ۡ
ˣ
׿üգգۣڿ塭ԭʱһߵǡ
£
׿ڵһǰʵСŮ⡭
׿ЩˣǰߵСŮô
Ͻ׿컹ǵûǰһۿĳճ˫۳죬ŰΧš
ŮѾóһţǻϸţ㿴˾ȫˡ
׿һ𾪵չţȷϵıʼǡ
㿴ŵʱӦѾȫ뿪춼ǡ
֪һֲֺ⡣
Ϊβ㣬㲻ΪԼ˶ƣȴû
޻ĸ㡣
ǰ̫ٻ׿һ޾֪Ҫжˡ
ܣ̫ôãȴȻû취ĸףû㡣
޻ȥ޴͸ĶƣΪ߻աºֳ״̬ʱûˣãֻ취뿪춼ǣȥ
죬޺֣Ϊ޲ϣ̫Һ㣬޺ìͷָ㣬Щֻиˡ
޺ϲ㣬һڵһǰӽ˹
ϣһƽķޣǻܶܶĺӡ
죬ûĻ̫ͻвóλˣڽﶼˣҲˣǵ˳ʱˡ
ϣ֮ߵԽԶԽã뿪Ƿ֮ء
ټ

ŵˣָ
׿۾Ȼʶ˼¡
һƺΪĳֻصһʱ䣬ֻȥ˼ʱѡ
ǣϵȷпԣҪ׿ҸϾɱԼ
ǡ̫һ˻ûб׼ƹλ
ǣճ㲻ˡ
û°ɣСذοǧֻϣҲǱѡˡ
׿ǿԼ侲š
ǰʱڹѶӦûûüȥճӦûţܾô
Ͻ̬أ춼űƹλܾôԴС
£ǻȥ
ʲôʣϺòײŰͳܻȥ
׿Ż᲻ɵֱɱػʹȥѾˣȻճڲ춼ǣǻгҾһѡ
£ֽ𣿡
СŮ֪׿ΪôʣǵͷС
׿üǾͺãȥҾӪ
֮ʱ׿ڵ춼⣬Ѿһװͷ̲ס￴ŵжƵġ
׿ŵĽʿ˵кµױţҪͽ
һȻ߳һ׵ˡ
ɫ̫ܰ壬ֱ߽˵ʶ˭
үױҪ𣿡
˾ȻǺҾеӪ󽫾
׿Ըڴ˿ԵˣΪҪųҾȥ»ϣǺҲζҪ̫󵶽
ҪΪӲһЩŽҰɣȥ˲Ӫ
׿Щţʲôʱ
˵ɣôˣ
Ǿû취ˣ׿̾˿Ҳֻίˡ
үļӼűȻڣ𿪿ɣ
ͷӹţȴճıʼǣٵĿһ飬üͷԽԽ
׿ţ˵үɼһʱ֮ز뽫ʱҽݣ
ɫЩѿ׿쵣ĺʱĵ˵Ҫλ
׿Щȣѵв𣿡
ɫһǰͰдŸ˵ľ̫׺Զ׼ıȨλ顣ǲŵģǾ˳ʱĹ۲죬ȷʵһЩ֮
ڿճ˵ʱȻûرȣֻǺġ
ȻЩ߸һδıˣԴ̽Ŀ׿죬˭ôû㣿
׿Ѿ׼˵ǣĩ׿࣬ԭԶӪеˡ
Ȼĵͷ׿Ң춼Ѿ˲֪ˣеǷǣȻҲԼĿ
׿֮󣬻ϱĩȥүæֻүɼĩֻϣܹ̫ͽʱп֣ܶûжʱˣ
˳ɡ

ϣ˱׼һȥ
׿óҾеŸԶڱճдһţŵʮּ򵥣û
׿룬ٿԱ֤ճ㲻ἱĶ
ֻҪ׿˿⣬ЩõӴͷһء
ȵʱ׿źʱ춼ǡ
һ·ϲûܵʲôϾ˶֪̫Ĺϵֱʹſڣű
ŵ˵֮ڲܴӦ֪ɡ
ÿ䵭
˱ЩΣȥסˡˡĩܷš
һǲܷţǲҷţ
׿żԺǷϻ
ͷ˲Ϣ䣬ǵ鲻ãȻƫҪǾͱҲˡ
˵ţгһӣ̴˵Ŀס
˲죬һȣǰ档
ȻûϵҾһֱǰ
ڴʱǧһ֮ʣ¡ִ̫̫дλگ飬վһԣ˫ȭա
ϣҲĸһʵڲϾɱֻҪگˣһ
ɫ԰ףȻ̫Ѿ˾ֺαطҪ£ɴɱңȻѸ£ʹ죿
¡һЦȻְ취ж֮˸ҿ۸ıñӣԻǻگ飬Ѹ¸ã
ߡ̫ǹȫ
¡ķ̣ҪŻλΪԼگдµҲ
Ҫ⽭ɽ͸ҵСӣսɽȫЩΪá
ϣȥˣҪһ̧ͷɣ˭ճ𣿱ɵˣճԶڱɼ֪ѹ˲㣬Ȳ㣡
үڣҾڣ
ͻȻһŭ漴Ŷ롣
һףվһˡ
¡һ𾪣Щʲô
治ɫĿ˿¡һվŵĺԶ⻰Ӧǰɡ
ԶһɫΪѣϽ£
ЦһС֪ΪھϣΪΪϣ븸ͬȾ󸸣Ϊ´壡
¡촽֪⴫λگϣд֣㵱Ҫ밧ԣȨԣ
ݵļָۣ｣оʿǣȺѳӣ£
ǣ

 144 

̫ˡ
ܾͰںϡ
ϣܳΪһ͵µľֲòӵֶᵽλ
Ȿһۡ
Ѹ嵴ѳϵڻλ֮ϣЩ¡
ԭڵ֪ճڱɼ֮ʱѾˣϾճ㻹˭ǰأ
û뵽ǰݵˣȻǺ
֪ı֮ģԲԶ⺫Ҳ֮ˡ
һ൳ĺ׿»ص
Ⱦȼ٣ˡ
ɫп㡭
ڣ
лл㣬˴衣
ˣǳ֮¡
۾Щʪ󣬻֮ػ͸ˡ
޻һ²ô֪̫˽Ҫƹλģ
ٿһ˿ߵ׿죬ǻŵ𣿡
ŶҲȵĿȥ
׿ɿڵϣȥҾӪ뺫ġŤͷеˡ
죿ϵɴ۾˸̨
ڿǿڷ˿ɰʱţ޲ǡ
׿카һЦϾһôܶ»ϲأ
Ͽ̹ȻɫȻִǰ˺һ
ɢǿںǸĥĽСŮӣˡ
üЩţǷš
ģүıʼдġ׿͵Ϊû취ҪֻүױΪ󽫾
̾ѣģµүıʼǣǳ뻯
׿Ц£˴ʱġĽû뵽ó
˳ǣȻ֪ҵ̫󣬾ȻԸóǷţô𣿡
׿ͷȻһ˽⣬׿Ÿƶе塣
źһֱš
Ȼ֪׿ģǱܹǿĵģл
׿һЦתڿɲܷɵʱϵϣмӦʣ
ϵͷϸ˵
׿ҹѾ˸ôӦ֮սܣǱԭ򣬾ǵıࡣ
Ͻʮ׿ҢȥĶʮһҲʮ򡭡ǴһľƺѾҪռϽע˴ı档
عҲʮ
Ȼˣ׿һƣ
֮ԸҰѴͶ뵽ϽΪ߾С߱һս֮ǲǡ
׿һ㣬һͳܾӳɹ޹ǣͷдһŸϣɵϳע
һͲܰбϽֻҪǣôϽͻõ⡣
׿취ͬ˵ˣҲÿС
Ͼ꽻ãҲʼո˵ϲٺôεϿϳպ֮һܣϾ׷Źᡣ
ãͰ˵һͽ
׿ͷ´⣬컹һ롣
˵
ͷйѺ׿׾ͷ׿ˡ
ϵͷⱾ̫µǶ޹ߣӦ÷ǡ
׿ͷһɣȻһ׿Ңˣ˶úûš
ǻ㱵һ׿췢ԼƺЩҪסһʱĴҪʧȥء
»İȻûǳܾˣˡ
սбһǹĺͱоΧճ㡭Լǫ͡ˡ
սܣôǶ
Ϊס׿ҢĴۡ
׿һĿʹνʵһʧȥḶ́ҪԭҪҡ
룬ֻдʱ˿̲ʵġ
ɻ󣿡
׿عȭȷʵһ룡ҲҪһ롣
˵
ϴͱȥϽ
һ£ΪԼˣҪȥϽ
ǣ
סļ磬жҵ飬Ҳȥ
ϣ׿ᶨû˱Ҹ˽Ͻڵ״
Сҡҡͷ޵ӣ˵ʲôҲȥ
׿ͨأΪ׿ˣСܸӰһгһܴսΪŮֻ֮СϽ̬ţҸֱ鳼类δܾ̣컹ܰĴڹУϡϽжʮ׿Ҿڷսǵ֪˧ٻڵǰɱʱѾսֻʣˣ˿̻ĽȥǶʮ׿ҾȻǻһ׿ȥڽʿõѡּ
Ͽ˼Ĳһ
ȼ֮ǰΪһЩСͬˣ˿ܱ̾ǿ
ȴŹ⣬ϺȻԼңԶ
ЩѾһֻΧŻתŮˡ
׿죬һѪˡ
㵱Ҫȥ
ǡ
ڿµһ̣ϾѾ֪Լסˣתȥ̾˿
á޾ͷΪƽϴ󽫾ͱʮҾϸϽһֻۣʤܣ
׿죬ּ

׿ʥּص˳ҾӪһжϤ
һŮװ⻹һŮӵӣھӪ
һΣҪҪαװǴĵһλŮ
׿˱׼һ
ͺ˽ͬһǰϽ
׿ָдһţ˵˵ճȴзǳҪȥ
һŲµľǶţһĶš
׿˺ǰ壬û˿أҲӦ
ճ㲻ھУ⸮ҲͶϢȥˡ
ôؼҵĹܼҶûأ
׿ЩŹ֣һ²Ǹϳʲô£
׿Ƶǽ˷һվԺһ׿һ
дԺ˵żʬ壬Ͻȥ̽˱Ϣ
ȫˡ
廹¶ȣӦǸá
ʱԺॵ׿ĵãæԺܹȥ
ѾԼǰһˣһݡ
׿ɿԺ԰ÿһźߵˣһˤڵصĶš
̰ν˹ȥǺ˼׿˹ýȥ׿һţ˳ȥ
Ŵӵ㵽׿
Ǻ˼״Ҳپ˷˲ʧ
ţû°ɣ׿תͷЩеʡ
Ÿ˵û£һ׿ʱסˡ
ûˣ
ſ׿۽ǵǿɰ룬૵ү𣿡
ʲô
˫һЩ˳үڵȵˣ

 145 

ټţ׿Щ˵
ǵһǳǰ˵Ļ
[Ŷδ]
[֪]
ʵ׿˵˻ѣû뵽Լһᣬ˶һ
£һ䡰֪ҲöŰȥ
׿һֱлڡ
׿񣬶ǰЦ£Ҳүģġ
ңոĶɫҰš
û׿ͷһϽɡ
ſͻȻ˵ҪϽİˣ֪Ϊһ˿ɶûУһĪθС
ҲΪճһֱڵȵǸˡ
Ŷлĺ⡣лֻſ»ߡ
׿֪ĹǣȻڵɣġǸƳа취Խ⡣
˵ĻĹƳа취ȥ
Ȼһӻʹ͵ǿ鶼ճϣһ׿카һЦѾ뿪ʹǰ͵͵õ֡
漴ǰһЩȣô֪Ƴ£
ҰɣҲ֪Ƴ£һ֪ոҪɱڵĴ̿֯ȸ
ŵ۾ɵøˡ
׿Ҳ֪в㣬ȸ춼ѼϢ
ʶܣǰ֪ģ
׿찲ο㲻غ£³֮ûκ֪ҲϽռɵģֻһСӶѣûüֵȸŻɱɱ㡣
㡭ţȻ֪ô࣬ΪʲôҪң
Ϊ֪ôǱƲѵġ׿סļ磬һϽɣ뿪
ʱͻȻӰɳһڣ׿ὣһ
ţ尵׿ȫý£ʲôˣ
˲δ¶棬ǳſĹ
һϳæڵޣˣû˺ңң
ޡ׿һļ£û뵽һźͰҲˡ
Ž꣬޲ŴӰ˳һװɴ
е˲ɱģ
׿𽣣ǣʱһźߵ׷ɱϧ书ûס
üû뵽Ƕô졣
ŸϽȥʣޣôȻˣǲǳʲô£
޵ͷûˣҵЩ˻㶯֣û뵽һ
׿Щ⣬ȸɱʲôȻĹϵ𣿡
ᵽȸ޵£ĵͷ֪ˡ
ȻЩ䱸ûԶȸˣ֮ˣҲŵҪɱڡ
׿Ȼĵͷԭȸں֮Ҳߣû뵽ġ
̾˿̫ϺıǱˣȸȦˡ
Ц£ҲĹͰҪκӣ̫ͺΪдŸӻҲѾɡ
׿Ųüԭǰͺͺ˵ҵ飬ֲõʱȥӪ˵µʱ򣬺̬ǰ׽
[λ]
׿ʱ˵ĻԭϵĴӦǿǷģµױϣΪԼɡ
׿죬㾿˭ô֪ȸ£
ҲЩ棬ͻȻ֣֪һУ˵ҪϽˣ˭
Ҫ˵һݵĻϸոּΪƽϽ
һǱȥϽƽϽ
ǡ
ƽϽȻǸŮˣ
׿ɫ̹ȻŮʲôҪֻҪܴʤ̣͹ˡ
ޱеļᶨˣûܴʤ̾͹ˡ
׿תͷȥţҪȰԼһϽȥ춼Ƕ˵̫Σˡ
ţ߰ɣңһϽһһľʱͿԻؼˡ
ؼҡŵ۾Щʪ뿪Ͻô꣬ûһ̲ȥ
㲻ٵκ飬ĹƳа취ȣǱӦֻҪߣս½֮ȻϽĿ
㣬¹Լ
ޱ׿컰ǸҪصϽȥҪ͵ܴܵһ
͵صͷŬӦЦл
׿Ӧ£չЦݣֿɫõİޣأô죿
£ͲˣȻҪߣǾͺúչɣһԼҪȥˡ㡣
ȵȣ׿뿪ǰҪɱԶҲϣ֮ܶ
㣿޲˼ĵ·˵ô֪
׿üͷģ֪ʲôҶ˵ϣһ죬
ôһ˲ɣֱܿޱȣתȥ
׿쿴ʧĵط̾˿˿̵İ޻ڱ֧ţһʶкܶ±Ⱥһ˸Ҫ
һΣˡ
ţ߰ɡ
ԥһ£֮ǰϣȥһط
ʲôط
뽫
ȥճ鷿
һ߿һ֪ԼΣ˵Щźڲ˵Ժûл˵ˡ
鷿ţ˽ȥ
׿Ҳ˹ȥƹһ۾Ϳ˹ǽϵĻ轣
ÿߵʵүһֱڵȽ
׿̲ס߽ϸĿǱʴϸ壬һע˺ܶ˼档
ŵƽʱү鷿ǲκ˽ģҲżȻһλῴġȻǺĲֻ֪үΪ˾Һѡ֮ߣүһֱֻнġ
⸱үֻģһкܶġŴӴ̳óչȫ׿졣
׿Ŀһۣ·𿴵ĳҹճ鰸ñ軭ӡ
ʱճ飿
򴽣үƺĳԭٳٲϺͽ˵Լ⣬űȨ֣ǡ֪ү˼ģԲŶ˵ý֪Ҳ⣬һҪүĳİ
׿챳ȥ˲۽ǵᣬصһԼݾֱճĻɩ
ճʧˣ˭ǰҪճһ
ġ׿카һЦҾṼүһƬġ

յˣ׿֮ǰ
ǴĵһλŮɢǿ˶Ҳŷ
Ǻλ֪Ϊʲô׿ΪһɣϣȻĵá
ڳ֮ǰѾսƻ̾׿쾹Ȼ˵Ӧ֡
ǲ˼顣
Ƽݳǣ׿죬ǧҪǿ¶
׿ҲһһӦ¡
γǰ߶ճڣһֻԼ
׿첢£ճ㹲ȵǰѾѧ˼ǿ
Ҿ
ڣ
׿ͷףᶨ
ս޲ʤ

 146 

պ׿ʱϵϽ
ʱϽ״ҪĻҪ⣬ϽʮѾʧʮѾ޿ˡ
׿Ѹټڽʿ۹طϽƸҪдģķ˲ףԶСģսȡʤܰǣһټ
׿ţӦ˴ôӦպ߾ͻӦ֮ǰ취жʥɽ±ڿͨ
ֻжǵ·лӮ
˵ըô
׿ȻҲǸ취ȴһѶȣϽʧ֣ʥɽλ棬ǺѲػعȥôһʥɽڹϣҪȥ㹻ġ
λϵĶһЦѲϽ绽ĶСү
ϣ֪С
׿쿴һĶһȴкܶ಻֮ͬǸϲǸŤֽ
á׿ͷ¾ͽСүôѺڻͽȥֻƴһѪ·ˡ
ʱһʦµһ֪Ըһ
˵
ָϽͼһϽʮʧأӦû㹻ıȥռأǵҪǼĵش˵㣬Ϊķô⼸ǵıͲòǰ֧ԮʱͺڻıǱȥֻҪмشļǣǺӹȣƸΪӣ˲ڣʱźӹһ·ߣվ֪Ľʥɽ
˿ָ·ߣȷʵС
Ҳб׶ˡʦһȥͺڻըɽ˲̫࣬һͻעĿһ͵˽ȥˣûܰˣǳʲô飬ͱɡ
˵ˣ׷ľһˣȴһ˿ʤĿܡ
ü׿ĩԸǰȥ
ʦΪѵӹȵĸ״ϽˣӦԲ˰
ǾҺһȥüϽһһľû˱ҸϤˡ
Сү⡭ʦȻû뵽һĶȻҪǰȥ
±ӣ֪ʲôȻҲó书ұϾϺΨһĺү˵˼ֻҪ˷ֻǳʲô⣬·һ书ʲôãǡƽϽȥɣϽ·û˱ҸˣΪϽһ겻һһ̤ƽϽÿһ·ŰϽľȻȻǶҵǱԩģһϽشϺ򸮾ˣҪ֪ҶΪϺ򸮵ĵˣеĲǹթļƣвηϺ򸮶μҵķǣ
ƮƮģȴصҽ׿Щ۵ĿǰĶһֱ֪һֻûѡòֶμңѡ񡭡һԥվ
Ϻ򸮶μҵķǣ
á׿Ӧͺڻͽǡ
ǣ

һ磬Ͷʹһǧͺڻ·
׿ҲԭƻʽռϽǷ˽
һ׿ȫʮˣʮҾʣµʮ׿ҾҪǣ㹻ʱ䡣
գա
ʥɽԲ᳷ˣ
ɱѽ
׿ĵȷʵôǰƵ׿Ҿ»ս
ÿһһʮսʿһǰ
׿ǰϣһһն
Ͻգ˲ȾѪɫ
ɽХĳ쳹Ͻɽء
׿ޱȵļᶨûһ˿һԥҪȺ̤Ͻصķͽȫɱ⡣
ϡʱʱЪս٣ɫ´Žǡ
һ̣졣
սʮֽţǵҲսԽԽսҲԽĽš
׿ţ⣬ôҹͶӦܵʥɽˡ
ʱһǾһս֮ʱ
ҹ٣Ҳ˵ս⡣
׿վھһһʣµıӮսĿԡ
ʵֻҪ˵ĺ·ϵôӮĿԾͷǳ
ʥɽһը˵ݲͻ⣬ôıͶ룬û춼֧Ųס
ӮսĹؼȻںͶϡ
ȫע˼ʱȻ
һͣвãǳˡ
׿ὣ˳ȥһͻȻ͵ϮǵݿӪ
ߣ
׿ϵʱǰ͵ϮѾ˲٣Ӫ״ãֻʧ˼ƥݿûôˣѾһѻٵĲˡ
ʦҲ˹һݣʣµҲŲ졣
׿ѣеĽҪ죿
졣
׿ˣ졭ǲûݵ¼졣
ûбİ취𣿡
ʦ̾ҡҡͷûа취ˡ
׿ģʤǰˡ
ݹҪٶȡ졭ҲҪȥӭһսǾسǡǣơ֮ҾȺֻ߳Ͻ
ǣ
׿췵ӪأָеʿΧ棬ϵıܵͳ
ǶѾ֪ݱٵ飬ˣ˵ʲô
ʿǡ
ڡ
֪ҶڵݵĹȷǲòԵ⣬ⲻ赲ǰì˵ɡǶĿ˼̤ǵأĿǻٻǵļ԰Ŀɱ¾ǵĵ֣ˣǰһĻĻٴݣǱ뷴Ǳ붷Ǳ˸ϳȥǴ裡Ͻǵļңܷʲôǲˣˣ
۾ʪЩ˿ӰǺĵ
ӪеĽʿҲʰ˶־ţˣˣˣ
˸ϳȥ
ϳȥ
ʱӪһƥֱ˽˸
Ⱥͣ׿ǰ
ŻУ׿ڿƥϤǣõˡ
ĿԣԱ˱˴˵⡣
ճһѱס׿졣
ĴĲңˡ
׿һᣬ̽رס򵥵֣Ͱ׿õļǿȫ顣
ճ㸧ͷָ¶ůĲѹһΪǰֻһΣֱҽӵдšġҵıʼдġû֪֪һ˲жˣ
׿쿿ľѵͷȻ֪ճһжˣ˿̵жˡ
ſѾ۵׿죬ипǧ
ǿԽ꣬һλصүݡ
һΣֻǱ΢˼һమˡ
Ӫл⻷ƣճȥ׿۽ǵᡣ
ڣԽס˻ˡ

 147 

ճļʱϵ׿ȼü֮
ӱʮҲ㹻ǳŹȥݲʵʿվսʤֶ˼֡
׿ճȽ˾ʣǫСҲ½˽
⼸˶˸ոӪӵǵһĻ˿ϵ⾫ʡ
׿֪ģ׿Ң֮Ů󹬵̫ıƴ˻ϣֱΪƽϽּƽϽ
Ů˵ȷ棬ǾȵĻǡ׿ճĹϵ
ǫײײһԵУСʲôƽϽǻϵүĵҲ̫˰ɣ
е۾ת˼£Ҳһӵʡ
Ȼ֪ճװ׿죬֮ûκνôͺȻ˿ԵӵǵĹϵ
ͷҲ֪ҾүȷʵЩԾ
šǫ°͵ͷ֡
ͷʵˣԵʮֵˣһоͼսճ׿죬ԾĹ𴽽ǡ
ϲ£ûиòãճȻѡߵ·ǾӦѾ׼ĺ
ҪΪճ㵣ʲôֻҪվ֧־͹ˡ
׿ǽܹ󣬻ȥ
ʲô𣿡
׿ͷճĲ
Ŷ˿үĲ޴󰭣ֻǡͣһ£ƲסҾȵһʱȲһ
׿üףүĲѸΣֻܵ
ЦŰοҲùڵģֻҪүʱҩúҵƣҲûô
׿ƳŵĻЦ£Ǿͺá
»һʽ֪ʡ
ʡ
һȻѡүϾǻϵӣ֪ô죿
׿˼Ϊճ㵣ģ֪᲻ţճ㲡ԵǳҺ˰꣬ǰԼġ
ƶǶճȷʵ˵˸ʵΡ
û׿ЦǳΣҲֻǸӹеΪǳΣԼ£ҲҵԼˡ׳м䣬ѾҪˣȵϽս½һȥ׿ںͻ˵ԸȫȻԴϲԸҲ
Ųһ𣬡Ȼ˵Σ²ȫ˽⣬ܵýһŵүġ
׿һЦʵÿĵңﻹڣǶԸβվҺүߡ
ǣ
㣬ǫСкܶˡ
ü֪кǫǵʲôģ
׿۽΢ЦֻֿɬʣµĶǲ˵ΣϲˣԼʤһ̾Ȣšǫ͸벻ˣ˵һܿɰĶӡ
ǺǡǫӣҲ֪ļҵŮôӣ
׿üЦҲʶǺ졣
죿ȵҡҡͷǵһħһɣǫǧ㻹ûܶ
ؿɲһǫź޸ģС
黹ء
û뵽ǫҲôһ졣
׿ͷ벻黹أôԼ
ʲôʵġ̹Ȼ֮Ȥˡ
׿쵹Ҳͬ˵ֻҩӣǡǺܶΡ
üɫҲ˸ɣ˵ﲢ˳
ˣΪڣﶼ̤ʵ׿ʵҽ㣬һ¡
Ŷ
׿ҲӣֱӵϺĶб˹Ƴ棬ϣܾȾ
Ƴ棿ȣʮֺݶĺֶΡ
ûʱֻҪСа취׿ӱóӣҰѡ㣬Ⱦ
۾Ծ󣬡ôôϡеĶ
Ժ˵һҪ
ºӣͷҾ
׿صУճ㻹ڲϵս׿һȻ߽֪˳оˡ
ճ֡
׿ϲԽԴճ֮׿û
ߣͷļ磬а˵Ϣһ
ճһĽ֣ʱǳսۡ
׿졢ǫ͡ˡʮųǡ
ճڿһ֧Ԯʱ֪Լˡ
һ̣ѹѪƣٿԼ壬ۣдɱɱҲڽƣ֮С
׿Ĭţסճ֣˿ʵ¶ȡ
һжһһǿĿİײײ˰꣬ͷȴһա
ճļ磬Ҳһգ֪ôġ
ȷˣǿܻӮһ̡
ճָĶ૵һΣһӮ
ţһ׿ϵЦ£Ȼ̲סʣүûʲôҵ𣿡
ʲô
׿ҧ´ҵݡ
ճͷһЦһγѣ˳˽ΪȻˡ
ǡһγѣֱ
ճϵЦȥô죿
׿Ѿˣϳȫǡ
ճһһ𡣡
׿챧סԼȥϴӦˣǾ뿪춼ǣϲӦҾ
ճͻȻס졣
˵֡
׿үܸһһžûκˡָĻٵüۣ֪ǰһֱػһؾΪȥʲôȥıʲôǵ߹ǰ꣬»ص֮ҺȻˣ»һΣǸıѡʧȥľעʧȥΨһɣ˴ˡ
ſǻǰʱ䣬ȻֲҵźҲ˶˸źܾӵŵõıȳɳһʧȥԼĺӡүǰܵʹ࣬һ㶼һ٣ʲôһĽ֣ÿ˶ÿ˵Ϊ㣬ϴԸ⡣
ճ˫۳죬ҧ֪׿˵٣İǵȷ˺ܶ࣬źҲͬܶࡣ
ճ޷˵ʲôֹ׿ѡΪǱ˴˶Է⡣
ֻܳŵãҶ㡣

 148 

ɫʱĳҺǳһЩ춯
õĺͶڰй۲ţʥɽһƥϵʹǵ϶Ϣ
Ϣã󸹱ܵУһԾӰ죬Ȼٳǵĺ·Ǳ޴ӣ
ȻûһӪо˰ϢݸϽвս֮ǰϢһԴݵһж׿Ԥһ
һͿˡĺļѾǰɽ˺ڻ𣬵ʱѵһ֧ȥͿ
ġŵĵͷӪѵʱĳɼãҲδʤùҡ
ĬһЦ֪ڴţǺҲ֪֪Լڴţ
̧ۿ˿̫㲻˵ˣʱ̡
ʱһ׼һ֧ȥ

Ͻвսϣš
׿Ѿȫı֪˶һеʱ
Ȼ˻ûʶֱǵӵ˳ҺǵϢ϶ˡ
˼ǣݻ
׿ɷߺ޵ҧ߬еţǴı
ݵϷ׹⣬ѵô
ġ
׿ɵȴһѾ˶ʮ꣬лٵջʱȴҪͣ
ү׿ߵһʣô죿Ҫ𣿡
׿۾һУ¶ģȴһ˵ϵʵڽţٳҲ١
ǣ
ʱһս졣
׿ϣճաߡ
ȵĿߵŮˣȴҪǿһ棬Ҳִһ档
ĿɳһɱΪĽ
սǧ˿ӣ˿ˡ
һ
׿һû뵽ճг֣Ȼ˴
ȻԼıһ˫֧
ճһЦʱˡ
׿˿࣬еĽԽ֮ȫ
ա
һƾеĶݣ׿ǰ棬һһնŵˡ
ܿ죬ȫ߽
׿ֱо˧Ǹһӡ̵İ׷ͷ
Ȼûлȥ˾˭ֻҪվĶ棬Ǿǵˡ
Ѹٿ׿һ̤ϣڿն𣬵ִһ˳ȥ
׿ɵǰӵȥһЦ
׿Ž˼ϥƣս
뵶ײоǶ֮ơ
׿ɵĵҲѾ¯֮׿켸ƴҲһ
׿Ҳȫעţû¶һ·硣
׿켲ͻ̣׿ɴӦԣ׿׿˲׿ӽƽɨ׿ɷ¿
˴ѽѷ֣Ѫӿ
ͻȻԶҺǵķһ죬սضһ
׿һϲϵĽȡ
׿ɵɫͲÿˣȻ֪ʲô顣
׿첽ƣЦǲǺܺ澿ʲô
׿΢΢ۣʥɽըˣ
û׿һҶĺ·
㣡
Ѿ·ˣ
ʱҲӦ׷ʲôʥɽըҲζ޷ˡ
ʿ˲ͳȥɽ
׿ɫһһݣҪ׿ơ
׿Ѹ˼ûиᡣ
ճ㡢СǫҲѸٽǰ鷳й
˽׿Χס޴ӡ
׿ü˰ɡ
׿ŵֲţû뵽ԼȻķʽˡ
ȻܣûйıҪˡ
׿һҧ𵶾ҪԾ
ءûӣһʯ׿ɵϣ͵˵ϡ
ǫ漴Ц£̫ˡ
׿ԼĽʤѷֵսһ
Ϊһʤ¾˰ꡣ
һжֵá
׿ظЦЦȥҪʡ
ǣ
׿ɱ˴ȥճߵ׿ߣ
ǵ϶մ˲ٱ˵ѪȥЩ
׿쿿ճļͷЦӮˡ
ճף
үȡЦˡ
ĵġ
׿üǰȡЦඣ
ճ΢Цûлشս׷ɵϽİ˽ıڻ֡
Ȼ׿һЩûվס
ճסЩġ
׿ע⵽ԼСȾȻһȫûע⵽
𣿡ճü
׿ҡҡͷСˣû¡
ճ㰵һ
ү㡭Լߣ˿ˣʲôӡƽϴ󽫾˵С·߲ã
ճŲܣߡ
˾òҪǱˣɻҪ
׿Ųһ㶣ΪճҲˣæȥ̽ؿڣˣǻҷ
𶯡ճЦһҪˡ
׿ͷգЩ죬סճĲ
ȥôôɣġѾֻճһˡ

ʤĵڶգ׿׿ɡ
׿ɷ·һҹ֮࣬׿ǵõһο׺ͷʱľ⡣
׿΢һ£׼ֱ룬׿ңʲôϵ
׿ᵽ׿Ұ̧ͷ
ң׿ҵӡ
׿üͷϸϸ˵
׿Ц£ϸϸ˵ǿǰˡ
׿׿ҵ˽ӣȻ׿ϵĵܵܣ֪ʵû˰׿ҵү
ֻһҰֶѡ
׿Ҵ˰Ӱ֮׿ɾͳΪ׿ϵİ֡
׿ɺϲڰӰ£ϲ˱˵ܵĸо
֣ӰռЩܣԻȡܶ档
ЩԱϧؽ¸ǡ
׿ֱĸо˴ڸУڲֻ׿ϵӰӡ
һжΪһֽگıˡ
ڻɢӰĵһʱ䣬׿ϾͰϢ׿ɡ
Ҹ׿ɾǣ׿ϸһƣҪ
ҲҵԼڵ壬ǾҪٵһУҾ׿ɫĿ¶׹⣬˭ҪҾҪᣡ
Ϊ׿ɲǰӰʮеˣԵһʱ䲢ûע⵽Ұ֡
׿ɱһʬԼԼ͵͵ﵽȥ
ʶˡȸΪȸӴ
պöԴ൱Ұģ׿ɵ⡣
Լ֣Ҫõ裬׿Ҫǻ
ջһķʽǱԣ׿Ҳϧ
׿ֺʹҧŴ׿ɵүүǱƽС߻աһֻ˼ľƣҪɱ㣡Լѡ˱

 149 

һº׿뿪Ͻ춼Ǹ
ϱΪӷϴǱ׿ܾˣһӦҲûҪֲõԤУԼŮˣҲղסˡ
׿찲ٺñȻ˽ڼãΪ׿Ңһ㡣
Ůû㶪ˣ׿סˡ
غ׿ٽҲѾͷţֻǶ˲ٵĿ࣬׿ݺ׿kȫǱ޺ۣۼһȦ
ر׿涣Լļ۰Ůջὣɱеĵ·ǿɬĸûб
׿쵹ᣬصᣬһЦ׿ҵĺӸġ
𵱸Ը
Ǳ֮׿ʹķߣѾճ˵ãȥͻ̹ס
һһ붼Ըٵˡ
ճŷ¬ڻʳſڣ׿
ͣߣ
ĲҪһ𣿡ճһ˿ǡ
׿ҡҡͷ˵õģӦԼԡ
ճס֣Һˡ
׿Ц£үǽȥֻóѿѣңһ˵ϳȫǵġ
ճɫЩ䣬ǰȷӦ㣬ȥͻ˶ϣϷ㣬Ҳ֡
׿Ҫʲô
ճͷʱ֮ǰ㻹Ҿɱȥ
ү
㣬Ҳҡ
׿ʶ˵Ĵô̧ۿ˿̫λãʱŻһʱ
áģҴӦ㣬һʱ֮ǰ
ճ㳤һڿϷſȥɡ
ƣЩɬʼ׷Ӱ˭Ҳ֪Ǳ˴Ƿ񻹻ټ
ҲһۣǴһۡ
ճæͷȥ۾ЩᣬִסԼǰǽŲԼԽԽԶ
Ѿ˾ҲҪһ顣

˿̵ĳϣ׿˫ϥأȭһݣμϡ
Ϲ߹׽ûˣ㻹ӵͬ˵ɣס֣ˣĺܵ㡣
׿ͷȥֳ˳ϣ檽һͱ˵
ϵɫ˲ЩӲҲûһЩ
˵ʲô
׿ͷһ룬˳檰ɣ
˵ʲôü˦䱳֪֪˵ʲô
檵Ȼ֪Լ˵ʲôҰɣ
˫죬Ϊϰ˶Բԣ
ԡ
̽ʣڴЩԲǿѨѣ׿شľ˸ɴ࣬һ˿һԥûУûүһʲôѿһ
޵ӣȴΪһүǰ㣡㻹û֮߳ģ
׿ü̧ͷӣ֪ܹ֣֪ԵɣҲ볼ͬѡ񡣡
ԵɣʲôԵɣ
׿һ£Ҫ֪檽һԽĹ°ɡ
ڽһʱ׿ԼճԵ֣һһ˵
˵ǵҲ˵ǵĴ
˵ϽļսҲ˵յʧܡ
˵ԼδӾҵϣҲ˵ճĬĬػ
һĹ׿Լġ
ϵ𽥰ȥΪ֪ԼѾ׿Ĺ¡
ŽʱϾ֪ǰ˱òͬˣϴûĹâദİʱ׿δйɡ
׿ĸо͸ǿңʹӲҲʶѾˡ
Ҫѡϰˣޣ
׿´ϳȫ
Ͻҧ޲ȫأô죿
׿촹ȥǳֻһ֤ġ
㣡ָָڱޣ
׿ûбѡֻϳȫ
㡭ôֵϰҪϲ㣬ΪʲôҪ㵥ޣΪʲôɴ˽ΪʲôҪޣΪʲôƫҪ޳ȫ֪֪ûл޳ȫүȺӣҪ˳Цް
ϣ׿ѵүԻʼĹΨһ˰үڵ֪檽֮󣬲һԽΪһ˲˾쵽ҵĸ飡ڳүıȨʱүҲͻйκִ룬صǸңԶıȥϣүǰǳҲǵܣҲԷһ³ȫǣҲȻԼ
׿ҡͷ֮ԲһͬǰϣĸпСһ㡣Һ֮ĸ飬עܣǳҲϣ壬ʧصǸңүȴ궼˿δ¶һΪϣΨһˡ
ϣ˽үȻϲ˵ȴġԶүʹԳ檲Ը⿴үѵӣ¾ãүΪһŮˣͱֵ֮ꡣ
Ļ侲˵ûճһֱСάϵֵ֮ĸ飬âϰġ
ϣѾûκ赲Һүһˣĳȫȥһ̡檿£Ұɣ

ϱ۾ĬãԺﲻʱ׿һ߹ǰʱ䡣
ȣҲûй
Ǹ˾۾ȥˡ
׿еЦ࣬Ѫۡ
ճӰϷŹ⣬һػһ׿ԡ
ȻЦˣЦĲá
̾һ۵ȴٿˣã޳ȫǡ
׿һϲһͷڵϣлϣ

ٹʱ䣬͵ˡ
ճվ̫£ͷðһЩϸܵĺ顣
˫ֱ߬ȭͷ
ڵȣѾͲסӣӦ
ڡճ㿴һĨϤӰӹſð˳
˿˹һԾ˽Ļ
ճʧðϲм
Цеگ飬ϳȫˡ
ճ˵סˣֱ˶ЩŷŹ
үٳһλɡ
˵ʲô
ѵ㲻Ȣҹ𣿡
ճü촽ɺÿĻȣһοҪ޹ġ
ǣҪޣȢȢ
ճְϣȦڻԼͬһȢȻҪȢٹӣҪȢţҵķˡ

 150 

º󣬼ռʱ
׿һھǰ棬Ϊһͷһ߶
һж·Ƶġ
طϲᣬ׿֣ϲõᡣ
ˣҲܿһ죬жá
׿찲οһЦһῴġ
صͷͷȥĨᣬǺӣÿ޵ġ
ֺȴ˽˷ܣˣС㣬үѾſˣ
ΪЦæͷɵ׿ͷϣȻԸСѾǣǻŸʲôȥ׼
ŶŶ
׿ǰ俴ҲǵĻ뼤
𴽽ǣһ޸ճʱﻹûװǸˣҲʲô
ڣȻЩţֹסĳ
ԭ޸һԼϲˣҸ顣
Ѿӵ׿ߣҲһƬ֡
ǫǰ棬ǫкţ
׿ݺ׿kĿôɵľͷԼ۰ߣһڶǰЦΪǡ
ӣȹһأ
ǫȻҲһЦӭȥ
׿ҵλٽͳҾλӢıԣһ˵ֻΧһʱ̾һǻס˫۵׿룬һĺܾʡ
ʱֱסˣһ˫ұ֣Ϥճ֡
ߵ߰ɡ
׿΢΢һ£ĸûҪֵ˼
ճһЦǴȥʱѾˡ
˵ţһѱ׿죬ûһ󾪺
׿ߵСѾ߲ŷӦæ첽׷ϣһЦźүˣС㶼үˣ
ʲôѾϷλүһ㶣ǻûֳʤأôͰ˸ˡ
λүȥ׷ظЦס˰ˡ
׿ݾ죬Сôô׵ļ޳ȥˡ
ЦۣΪ׿ԼԸ⣿

ӽ˺ţճ㻹һ׿졣
һûжµ̫˵Ϊˣڳ˶ĵЦţ塣
׿쿿ճĻϷΣޱȰġ
ǹϲУߵݡ
һߵ죬
ߵˣǴδ
ߵ˴ˣηȥ
Ȼճ㵱ڣƿ׿ĸͷ
˵ĻУԼ

ʱ׿컻һ·ճһ𾴾дˡ
һүͫճĴĪаԼһЩߵˡ
ͫޣϲǴ
ĪаҲЦճļ磬һеľƣСȢԼҪˡ
ڶǸմϽǫ˵ȼλҾĽ
ѵþ˵Ķ˼׿˵ԭμҽҲǶĹƳճ廹ЩֻչˣǻǱףүԶҸ
ǫǸˣͺ˵ЦҲ̸֪ļҵĹһ˹ֱӾסǫĶʣֵðСģɵĴŹҲ֪ðֵܻá
׿쿴ǳţһЦ
ճȻס֣֮Ѿԣ֪˴˵ˡ
ȥһǳܾӺ޹
ܾҪǰһһЩϴЦ⣬Ʊϲү
ճͷӦţл
žѣ´׿쿪ڵһΪƽϽǸ뺷Ůӣû뵽һȻޣԭ軹Ů
׿ﲻһЦ޻Ǹ뵽ʲô˵ʲôӣܾҲ⣬ֻĿİⲻԶ
˵Ĺ򼫺ã֪ʲôʱҿԺдһ£
׿һ٣ǰǷһ䣬ֱ뿪Ҳûʵ֡
ǲ硭ڰɡ
ܾһЦϾճ׿Ĵ飬赶Ūܹ鲻̫á
ȴ۾һ̷еľƱѽˬ죬ȥĴ򣡡
׿ָָԺӣ޿ĵü̸˳ȥ
ܾεЦҡͷճЩǸ⣬ճֱԺӣ񲢲⡣
޴ӱóԼıӣ׿ҲԼĽ
һЦͶ
һԣѾ̫ã׿ڴҲΡ
ĻοҺԼлֲ
˴ѽѷ֣ΪʣΧ۵ĿҲԽԽ࣬ʱʱкãһȷǳ֡
ǫţżȻһ̧ۣϯĳһһ´ɴŮڿԼһĪů⣬ûƿ۾
׹ǫһĸ첲ոպ˲ٵľƣպģЩĽǫ֡ǫܵĵͷӦţ۾ǲʱȥƵСѾͷȥ
ֺѾܾûм׿˱ˣ˿̶վԺֽкţȻָоԼȵ˭Ľţ̧ۿȥȻǸʱүߵĻּǵС
ҲɵÿղԼһŵ֣ｿģ峺кȻûɵһȣæƿ۾ȴ֪ͣ
ҲһЦߵ棬㲻Цʲôأ
ֱҲһ죬ôıǼ⣬Цʲôúÿȥ

ֱҹճ׿˿ˣص·
Ÿһϣճʹӱס׿졣
˲ٵľƣ
ҵķˡ׿Ķš
ճת壬ĴӡĶͷһһǱա
ÿһǶ顣
Һøˡ
׿۾ʪֺγǡ
ڿԺ޹˼ɣİ㡣
׿첻֪һжô֮ס
ճ㱧ŵϡ
ճĴȻӱӵһóһѲغõС
׿ע£ǸɫӣһֻӨ͸
ǣ
ճ׿ϣĸΨһ
׿΢һ£ôصĶǲСŪ˿ô죬үպðɡ
ճҡͷӽԺ󣬶˵Ҫģ㡣
׿쿴ӣɵùĺܿģճܰͬĸһҪ
үлл㡣
ָ˵·лʲô
׿ס˵
ҹԣȥճ㣬ĸл
ֹ춼ҾӪ
һӵСɳŲ
һСкһβͲݣͼЦ
кô˵СŮ첻ˡ
ʱһĸߴˣ˳
СŮվ˹ȥһ˽˵Ļ
۸ң
СкҲЩίҪԵģ˾ڵϲ
үҲû۸ǿԼҪұԵġ
ΪᣬЦ£һѱСŮڻˣ
СŮס˵ĲӵͷίľҪ޳˵ֻҪúϰͿӮġ
ԶĻ£ǫ仰һ׿죬СƢͽôС˺ʤ
ʤʲôãʤԶӮüЦ£ҪȻŵСһÿ춼š
ǫҡҡͷǿɲУʤƾ¡
׿ЦҲƾµıһô
ǫԴȵĿ۲Զճ㣬ֵͷ˿׿սͦĶӡ
Ҫڸ㶯䣬Ƥˣʲôƾ£
׿첻ЦһָԼĶӣһ߿бСŮ۳ճ㡣
ӵǸ˵İôͲı£
ı¡

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ