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ũ֦ɽʧܣһǼ2024һŮϣ̳һ˭Ҳϵ

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Ӳӵ峺ĺϺŸˮĹһ

֮⣬֦౻ӵС䵱ͶÿߣèˮӺò⣡

Ǽ˷ִũͳˮɾûһʣܹҵ׷ǩ˹ߺЭ飬Ҳǰ

֦èè㣡

΢΢һЦ:Ҳ

ˣè3sް

֦רҵģߣèҲרҵģ
==================

 1 

Ͷʮ̤꣬ڣ
ڴ޷ʹЩеʹ࣬еЪ˹ɢˡ
ⱲΨһǲĸ͸׵Ȱ棬ִ޸˺ơ
İĽɢȥʣ˶ʵĲпᡣ
Ǽҷ·Ѫһ㣬ļױɵһɶˣǸˣ飬ֻȨƣԼĽ̤ʯûһİ⡣
ǵóǰ׵ʹļףݱ˫ʱֻһ仰Īڡʱֻļ޸İ֮˵ϲãô
벻̶̵ļ£װԸװˡʱľͦһǲѹ߾ôӲͦţͲôˣ뺫Ҳ꣬ôԼԺС
۵ʱֿ˸ױӣĸ𻨸ĳһ˳۽ǻ£ţĸˣˡ
߸оԼͻȻúᣬŰǧĵ񻨴ݣɫ԰׵ԼѾߴ޵ѹͷοһ£ȴͷϴ
ؼͼȥɣҲٵˡ
ƴ˽ʹ࣬ʬ޵˺ѷΣǲ˽»ΪжమԼ
㣬Сôôȥˣôôȥݺݵƿ𽥱ʬ
߲뿴ǣֻؼȥĸס
˳ƮƮյϢĸ˹ȥһֱĸһӾͷ·ʮӡĸµ䵶Լ͸С˳ȥ
ĸϢҲ˳ǰΪԼĸףһֱԹš
ҶҵʱᣬԼŮ֣ߣȥؼңȫеļҶټ׼˼ߵϲǶӣͬһʱֻȥԼ̰ĺӽӻؼҶѡ
߲֪ԼΪʲôôɵԼˣԼãΪȫ綼Լе鶼һϡ
ǵԼոռȥҵʱ򣬼ĸ͹ţûֱ˺ˡ
üҲҹԼֻʱԼͺѾ϶ԼǱӣֻǰ⡣ж࣬ĳţԸؼңҲôȥ˵
˵Լ񣬶һɾ󣬹ȻǶһľ
׵ķס˺ҵˣסֱĸˡǿűʹøдº飬źǩ֡
Խ𣬼ߣǺûһ˿һĹϵ
ױ걧ӵԼһ૵˵ؼҡ
ͬС˵ļϵױһƬҲ֪ʲôطǰסƵ죬һһֵġôĲ㣡˵ô㣡
߰ɡüߵļױûУǾǸ״ҲݡֹԼŮһƬҡ
һеĻظƽһҵЦôͿأ
߸ǻصԼļңãųҹ롣
װԼؽ˷ĸ׵Լңûչ˺ңҷҪ࣬һ
ĸţױʹֻмĸһææ£æŽӴͣæκҡ
չûдյױû취˷ӣټһϼˡûȥһۣһ۶öģҪԼֻص·
ܸоԼһ黯Ҳһ죬ʧˡ
һҲȥˣľϵһ̣ͷԼ߲ˣֻԼĹظĹ޵ĺƯ˼ϲķ˻ϲЩһһո
˵˵㣬Ҷ㣬㣬Ҫʲô㡣ƫƫҪ޸Ǹˡں˰ɣеƯ·ζԼˡԼģĸҲԼģأֻܴĴʯͷ棬һɵӡ
˵ְ޻ˡ
㣬ҪȥԺˣ㿴ȥ㲻ȥں˰ɣᶼҵء
ͷ˵ţԹԵĶ飬ҲȥȻôϲԼдҾдĺܺõġ
ĵдķһϻ͵͵ĵˣдĺܺá
ˣһġɾԼᣬ뿪ˡ
ļҲǼһЩǰýһĹˣ˵ſϧ
ÿ˶˵ϧҲãͦϧģԼôôɵأ
оԼϾҪʧˣĿĹϡһŴ멣߹
˳ÿ۾ģǺӶУƤ𪣬ƵĲֻǿϧˣǸȳӡ
֮С˵̸
Բӣǻʱ߹Ѿûˡ
ͥǿĹһ̶⣬ҵĴûغ͹ùõĳŵûܺúչߣһҪôϹˡ
ˣҪڱ˷ǰ˵ôһ䡣
ߺֻصĸײصʱĸԼһСкַһ𣬵ͥԺùòˣùտһòã
÷۵кĵͷ
ˣùõĺӰҵĴӡϧر߽ùúһȥˣ겻ؾ
ͥ磬´οɲҪôˡ߷Ĵչȥȳ˵ȣ˵ЩôȳأǲҲڵʱû˽һˤˡ㿴һϹӣһȳӣ
Լ˵Щʲô߿ЦһأԼԲҪƣҲҪͼˣֻǣһأ
ͥоһ紵ĿԶǵüСʱӣɰСһֻС
Ϊ岻ãҪҪ׷šͥȵȵ
Լܻ᲻ͷͣҪñ˺
ֻͷɻĿ˵㺰ʲô
ߣߡ
ֻû뵽ʮȥˣǸẰšͥ硱СѾΪһݹ
үˣǻذɡͥȲܳվСĵţûзӦһ䡣
źãǻذɡҵ飬֪ôͥһˣȻ˶Ϊһˡ
ǡ
߲֪ǣΪһʧɴֱ÷
Ҳ˵д˻һమˣͨ͸ˡ
ֻЩûйϵˡ                        
лҪ˵ûеĻһղأqaq΢̰

 2 

ﲻҪ˯ˣһ￴Ҫ˵СˡˮɫɴӣĽŴ˯ˡ
һ㾧Ө͸ƤСɵıΪ˯һһţ޺С΢΢ſں˳ĳɢͷϡ
ߺ˴ֻǡνȥٷˡ
ҲҰҡѣֻСţһż̤ڣǳٵҪ˵ˡ
۾ͬС¹۾峺͸߿ϤĵطС˺üĴ䣬ûΪԼ͹ϵĳݣͺǻڼ͸һ㡣
۾ֱ㶵ĿԼۿ죬Ķѻֱһһεĵ
ˣôˣԼĺ񱻴ôһ
ĪĪޣ˯˯ɣ̤𣿲ǱǲȥҲԡæøɾӲɾᣬο
ﻹܲףԼĻˣǰͺһһ
䣬ˡ
СԺˣǰҲŹʮհһ߰ױǰʼ׼ϴ
ʮ꣬ǾԼʮ꣬ԼûƣԼû
ž۵ӣûΪݲҰףһЩӤʡָţһΣԼɲôɵˡ
䣬ĸأֻԼĸףãĸס
Сˣ̤ڣϷͺϽǾۻȥˣ̤ϾܼϷˡֽźܿ죬·ѡõġ
ɫ·ǻ˺üĹ̤ڴСһÿġһŸƵɫȹϸĵĸߴϣϵһСң롣
߻ЩԺͬһľżһŪֱһֱɵӲķ١
䣬Ҫ߰ǸȡΪӣԼʶ˺ƣԼԲҪٷǰĴˡ
ãҡ˸ģҲǼÿġִӺóһֻʮ־ϸĲҡֻӸʤһֻǷ͵СδҪ
ֻɡҲǵĸֻһģһģԼͼһһֻֻԼûдǼϲˣǰΡ
㣬𣿽ҽˡͬһöŮԺӡҪԼͬ⣬ƿžͽˡ
ֻһŷɫȹŮٵһֱֱĿΪͻС廹ûгģΪɰ
伱æһ㹤꣬Ŷ߽һɲ뱻߶
㣬ˣҲģĸ˵̫Сˡί;ĶԹͺˡ
ְСŮڻһһͷۿһЩ졣ǵԼķԭΪҲԼġ
ûϵģǰӺòãҲǾһˡ
ߴκóһ˿ƵĻֻ˼ϡ֦ҶƵļΪĸġ
лл㡣ܾϲ㶼ǲϲģ컹һֻ̫ˡһΪ뷹ԭ
俴ǣ֣һֻϸһֻϸ۰𪣬һģһֻһжüˡ
ȣԺԺŮҪһ緹ģΪ̤ڵԵʣеŮҪΪԼĶŮף
ĸסԼĸ׾ܹȥסҫƵİǸֻ¶ҵġ
ǸɫЩˣǵǼĸģô͸
ĸףǲҪˣĸײǸ߹㡭
ĸס߰񣬼ҪæͣǵģԼ͸ģܹԡ
ǰͤͤļߣЩ㱣οߵʱСµĶԼ׵ĵ̽ͷֺСһȥֿɰ
ĸףҡǳʳɡҪڣǸ˵ԼˣԭԼ
ãɡܾüҪ˵Щʲôû˵ڣĲ߱ˡЩƵķâ˳һˮĸʱҲǿʵġ֪ĵطʲô
һҨһϡЩʱһ㶼˰æģϲչ˼˵ĸо
ǳʱ򣬳һϡֶĸʳ̲סίĿżߡ
ﲻ֪ĸײ˱Цٳһ㡣
Եô㣬Ҳһء߼˸ڼЦŶĸ˵
ЦеĳˣõӣֻЦŵȥɡ
ʳ̤ڵףˡÿ˼Ҷ׼ʻô´ʦˮմȾԼŮϡ
ߺͼԺУһһմˮǵͷϣŮ߰彡ƽ˳졣ǽһøҡ
ͦţӾˣƻۿޣ޼ߡ
漴㽫һϵϺ˩ԺӵĴϣ˵񿴼˾ͻʵԸ
ˣˡɡһŪú׼һ˵ķϡ
߰ɣѾ׼ˡȫǵ˶ףлݣǳŮ࿴ľѻᡣ
мģе¸ص˸͸Ϸ˾֮һԽûܼ
㣬һòãżߵ֣Ž
ЩģȻ֪ԼŮǸĵģǼֱ̫ӵľܾǻôܰɡ

ãǽֻĸ׵һˡ߷ס֣ЦŶĸ˵
ãȥɡýЩħãԼû˯Ѱɡ
ǵһκһ˷ܼˣȥĲ֡
Ǿ˱ֱĿż߲˵
ֻÿܿҸʲô
ʲ˼סԼС˵úÿ۾ÿģҲϸϸĺٺٺ١
СѾһСåˡ
Ҳܺÿ۾ĸһģһԺǾĴŮءΪһ޵ĹͶķ鲻֪˾ġ
𣿡ԼСӣҲ
㻹СԺ󳤴ˣԲýʳġ֪ڵһЩʲô
ô˵ĵĴԼС淭˼㶹ƣݸ˼ԣҾͲõˡͷһԼ̵ͣĳˡ
ûʲôʱصģһһЩˮ֪ĸﲻ̫ܳ࣬ԺӵʱС׼ġ
СǼŮҲһԵġ
С㣬ǵˡϳСѡ
á

 3 

ΧһƽĲݵأΧÿ̤ڶѡ
ÿﶼԼÿ·ͷϴžϸѡĻһá
ߣһ·ĹﳯԶԶ֣̲סƲ죬ôﶼ
Ǹͼ񲿵һСɣԶ޽ϣֱҲûټһ档
޿ٴοԼĺѼҲܿģϼǱ߹ȥˡཻ֣źˡ
ϯ޿ˣ̲סȤѽļҵСֶհ
⻰ɲˣϯ޿ͷѽļҵĹͷ˰
ϯ޿ʶԼͷ
һȥϯ޿ͣϯ޿ոιԼĳһǱ·ǣĳ뻹пˣĸĻš
ߣ档ϯ޿żһߡ
ֱţסߵ֣Һͽһ棬㡣
߿˵̲סЦ˺ˣȥĸ޿òĸ϶Ҳˡ
ⳡսͣ
ͼ̫̫ϽһרŴ棬ϰ˳ʳ
ߴǹ
ҵĴСﶼˣĸ
ϸ˿һŮ͸ˣõġ
߿᲻ٵĸЦ⣬Լִ޸ƣĸһҹ֮Ͱ˲ͷôҲûȰסԼɼߣ֪ǲǱʺۣͷһ
ĸߺһʵ˵Χ˶ڿţʵڲʧ̬Ȼĸضӵġ
Ϸ˰ذ۵˵ҵǲί˺ĸ˵˵
ŴЦ߲˼ĴĻûУֻĸˡ
˵ѽô绨ŮҲѲɻĲɡ˵⻰ǼϷ˵ԸϷˡ
ɲȥ޿ҿòԽˡ
Ϸˡϯ޿ȫʱӡ
Щӣε̤һСøʶСʱ򻹼ء
Ϸǣż֣һֱȥһͷϸˣׯ󣬿Ѿаʮˡ
һƻĥţЦöΪ飬һӵ˶ڶġ
ӴС죬Һϸ۾żߡ
Χôһ˵̲סЦԱߵһλʮ޷˵ĸǼͼ̫̫Ůˡ
ɲУÿһСﶼۼͥȢôСԱһһ˫۵ĸЦ˵
ļͳСʱ򳤵һģһء⻰һĬǼߵĸȥˡ
ϽˣǳŮ˵񡱼Ϸǰȥס֡
̫̫ϸţһ󾪺°ôôˡ
ʮˣܲϰǼ̫̫Ĺϻô˿ֻǰһλˡ
Ƕǰ֣СǰǵһοộЩ£˼ߵ
ߺϯ޿ˣǣżһǰȥ񣬡ڡ
ããǣðһͺ濪õɽ档һһĿţͺ񿴼СʱԼôʱҲ⡣
ģȥδӸλС͵Ҷ̤ڵףˡ䣬һѾ߾ͰѺӵݸ޸ˣ򿪺ӸǰŮ
˿̲סĽ̫̫Ժ׵ʱҪϸˡ
ֻӿŲͬĻ䣬漫ˣмĺ챦ʯ÷·ҪγѪ˵۾ˡ
ðãǳȥɣЩӴһҲ棬°˵˵ڻǳȥˣ˳ȥЦ
ҲԼͬһϯ޿Ħֻӣ֪ļҵ˵ͥĪǡ˶һۣһ˵ڡͥ
ҵǾ˵ͨˣҵ̫үʥڻʵ۴µˣĽ顣һƽ֮Ͻ˱ȨӲûʵ۵ǡӾ̲ʮ㣬ڱҪʱмҲȫýʿ׿ʳ¿ɴԺɶ
¸лΪһУ̫үΪλϮ
ոλϷ˲ҵĹԣԼ¶ˡʥڻʵ۵Ů¹̡
δ޵Ĺζһϧʵ̫ˣǰܿʵ֮ϲ
ǲҪ˵ȥȻôҶ֪ǸҪǫ飬ҫסǡ
Ҷ֪ʲô׷׵ͷ֤
ߺɻ󣬵겢ûз飬Լûλڡ
ˣʱԼĺӵˣżʹ䵽ңĸûҵԼ
ɣԭһжǿԸıġ
߰ɣȥǰȥʱ䣬ϾҪˡ
̤ڵֻҪǻʵ۵ŮũŮԳ绨һŮǷֿվţ˵ףıӣȫͬ֡
ε֪ڻ᲻ûеģڱʵ̫࣬Ҳȷˡĳˣĺˡ
ʱ䶨ʱ̫õʱȥȥĲãף彿Ĺﻹιȥǲִˡ
ʱ䵽֮ҰչվԼλϣ˵ǻǰռŵģÿҲһķ£óеķÿҲûʲô顣
ʵԶ˸Ǵͬ·ΪÿһλȥףÿһƮϵڹǵϡĺƮķ罫ҵȹڴͬʢ
һʢĽգ׽ڣÿ궼вٵ˱һɾ˺£Ҹ࿴ѾΪһĬ顣
ûгμӻǼţһԼõףڳˡÿһ˶յһֻһӣβһССġ֣һǽġ
̲ס̾ǼҴҵһ֪ͣͳȥ˶١֪͸Ǹ֪˶һӡ
˾ԼĴ棬μ߳ˣԸٵ䣬Լֵˡ
صǵ̸ǽζ                        
лҪ˵һղأлл( 񩤡 )

 4 

ϯ޿żһȦͻˣĵİѼصӣ̲סʵôˣȥʲôˡ
ϯ޿ѹԼ̤и༫ԽӣСﶼչȥأֻҹѹķͷˡ
ﲻף϶ǺơԼĺӣһ˲Ķ˱ͬħһ㣬ȷǳüΪεģΪ˷棬ѧ輫ãȻԼҲֻЩǹȥˡ
ѽ֪ߣǰСС;ˡԼָĵڼĶͷ
ûأǰ޿ȥģҪ˵ʲôƺƣȲӡסԼĶͷίĿżߡ
٣ССͣЩǿ
ϯ޿⻰Ҳͷͥھʱʲô֮ӣڸĹ֮£ױ顰񣬵һˡر߽һӶȥͥҲȥˣе񾩶Ӹʢĳ棬˽ۣһͺͷҵĻȸƵģ˭Ҳ˭
ͥ뿪ѾˣȻڸҹŮС
úÿĶжģȻӳ⡣̲סۣȻʧƫģǴȷġ
ͥĹ£Ҳʧȥ˶ԺƵȤˣȥС̷˼ֻݣ׼ŷˡ
Ҳ̤ڵһͳԼҲãҲãܻὫԼԸдڷϣɵָԶʱϷݵߣϣɵǰõıӡ
˸ԽԼķݷڵϣдԼԸ
Ըƽ˳𡣡
ҿдʲôϯ޿չȥ۵СдšҸ춼ͽһ
СӰסϯ޿ֻԼֺĵĿżߣⷢ˺죬ϯ޿϶ᷳġ
ϯ޿Ļ̲סοһ¼Ըһῴġ
ǽͽһ
ᡣ
أ
Ҳᡣ
ǡ
һֱᣬǰԲ𡣡һֱȷʣ۾ԼĴһһۿżͷ̲סǸ
Ǿ򵥵Ļ֪ôģ˳ۿһӾˡ㲻ϲԼϲԼ棬ϲһ˯֮ǲϲÿȥԼҪԼͣһԵġ
ĸ׹ȻûƭԼȥ֪Լˡ
˿ԽԽףòˡ
ϯ޿Լķݰǰţϣܼ޸ӣ˰ɣˣҴˡϯ޿Ϳż
ءӲŲϲ㣬ҪҲֻҽءȻŵǲӰ˵
úúãϣֻ߲ܼ޸ͥ˰ɡϯ޿⣬ϾδŮ棬ʮ˵ķ߸˶ôд
ܲ˼ԼһŷԶˡ
ߣʵáϯ޿ǸӰڷˡ
ǰԼɵˣҺõ˾ߣƫҪʲô֪лл㣬޿Ȼ㲻ܼ޸ܼͥ޸Լϲˡ
ߺܸлϯ޿ϯ޿޸ϼҵһλԶ磬޶ͥ
ߣܼܲ˭˵׼ءˣϯ޿Լķ˳ȥҲŷ׼ˡ
˸ԽԼķݼϣԽԽԶԽԽԶ֪Ϊһڵ㣬ʧҰС
̤˳Եͳؼˡ
ĸףҵɡ߿ʮֵ ˳
ãһҲáһĻ룬Ȼ벻ͨҲԸȥˣϾļ߶أͺԼŮһ
̤ڵһ˾м硣ͼ˶ïʢֻ̫̫ӣ٣ֻм͸
͸Ҳλ䲻ȴҲܰ
ס
ɡ͵°˹ؼѾˣԼŮɵһƣҲʧˡ
ĸˣ˵ЪˡԼɷЦ⡣
ãǾͲȥĸˡҲ͵°ùԼӼϲԵĲˣЩĿһۼߣûʲôӦĵĳ
ʵע⵽ˣôĸѾȥʮˣѵҪһֱÿ˶׷ԼҸȨ
ԡ߼ϲ㣬ڴĿ
лл
ð̤ڿɷʲô鰡ߡ
ʣҲˣ͸СƵߴĽһ鶼˵ˡȻҫİԼ¶棬°ʾ֣ġȻֿ֡ڸġ
͵°ԼӣЩȷǸ
صĵͷʱҲúǾȣ뵽ĸʱ꣬ЩȻˡĸѾŰߺͰ
ǿҪúñӣŪˡ͵°̲סǿɵúúõš
õġ߸һЩˣӦš
͵°ҲЩĲ̲ͬסҪѯʱԼӲһ¡

ȥ˵
ʾ˽ε̸
ҹ
Ҹ͵°ŸԼ·ӣûס
ǲҲðûôᰢǺϲ޶꣬˽Լɷ롣
Եİ⺢ڶˡ͵°̲ס̾Ҳ֪ô£ʱߺϲģȴֺᣬʮˡ
˵ʲôأ߱ǼµġûڣҲûôĹء
Լ޵һ˫һ˵޾ķ顣̲סıסЩ꣬ˣлл㡣
еˮ˵ϣһƬƽ֮䣬ء
ĸͲͼʮ̷꣬ţŮΪ˵
иӣ֮ҲΪ߰ˡ
Ǹж񣺡
ҹܳ˺棬Ÿϸ
ԼĴϣȫǰһڻĻҡ
һ˼ƽ̲֮סһĻˣصʮʱһжüʱ
۾˯ţ£һжǻ
С㣬С˯𡱴ѹļͣ˯Ǿġ
ҪӦʱ򣬾һĽȥҪѽ㳳ˡ
УС㣬һᱻСġ
䣬ɡ߻һƬɣѽ㳳ˡ
Ÿ֨ƿ£һ֣ԼСͷ˼Ŀ㡣
ɡԼĴأһСƵıѣ۾ģװſɰ
´β׼۸ҵѾߡСӣ̲ס򱧲ƽ
Ҳû۸
š
ŶСԼսĻ
лҪ˵һղأллңͬʱڼһҪúñԼϴ֣ͨ磬֣ȥԼϲˣ

 5 

ôŹһ˯ˡɢҵͷ
ͽһ˯ϲĸоҲǽߵĲͬһЩҪһ˯
ǰǲǶܲã߲֪ΪʲôܹСôִţԼôĮԴչԼĿܻûһСǿ
ҿ˵𣿡ţܾᣬʱĺ鰡
Ȼˣ˵
ǲǲϲһԷҲЦһЦһǺϲ㣬֪ǽ˰ſؿڣͷ档
Ǽʱ򣬺͸СƤƵģķҪ׷żܣСĵ˺Ѿŵ˵ߡͨȥŮӣֱԱߵСŷӦǸ
屾ͲãԺǳһҩһҩιˡ
ʵʱʲôûȥԼˡ̲סʱԼҲ֪ЩʲôֱӾȥȴԼӾ˻ţСĺǼʱ
ôѾΧߣֻнˡǵõʱָоֻûһ۾ϾҪȥˡ຦°Ǽ߱סůϣ
ʱ룬˸ĸֻнŻôһУԼҪýС
һһµͷǰԼȥʱ򣬼Ъ˹ӣʱжİ
Բǰǽ̫ˣԺһúöģ𣿡
۾ĿԼСĴָ˵֤֮ˣ˭Ҳܷڡ
Լ۵ָĹסߵָϵһ꣬䡣
ٺٺ٣Һÿİ㡣ſϲԸ
ѹЩ˯ɡ߰һߣ¶ȣֻЩ¶ɢˡ
ĸ˵öԣҪˡô˵̲סͬĸ˵Ļ˺ͽһ˯ܺú˯
˯ɣʵ˵һĽ⿪ֻһɣ˯ˡ
Сһܲģ
ڶһԼСĻԼķ䣬ΪСİĺܺãһʳʱǱˡ
ѽ̲סһԴҪȥʹ󷽷ȥ͵͵ǼͼҶŮΪ
ΪӲһ˵ļĿԼĸףܵĸ׵İʾ˵Ц
ˣҳ԰ɡ˰ߣһҪµʲôļǵú˵
һ߳һѼߡ
ͣ⻰һżߣòңҪȿҩˡ
ĸסߺҩѾͳԷˮһϰߣЩĻֻÿµĲҩһֱšС͸ߵˣʱҽġ
ķԺŲգô᲻أһΣҲһɽһСԼһ
ôżţֳʲôµë
СϴһЩֻЩģ뿪źáɽдµĵӽˡ
壬ûʲôҵӺãһڽԼãʳ⡣
еģֻЩ֪࣬Сܼܲ
ҿԣ϶Ĵ𸴣̲ס
ãҼҷ˶ⷽЩоֻԺϿΣСպҼҷϢ
ɽķĽԺһӣרŽϰŮǿķߵЩ⣬רڴ˲¶ۣԻǷá
Ǳͷˡȥ֪ķˣǳ㣬ĻԼһӵĽġ
úͻص˼ߵԺӡ
߿߽æȥӭʵĸ׿ɻ˵ˡ
żߣո˵ĻģΪʲôӻһЩ뵽Щڵɻ
ߣո˵Ҳˣ˵ģչ˲ǰ̫ˡ
⻰Χ˲Ծͷĵ͵͵ģԼûз֪ǲûкúչС㡣
߿Աóأ߹ȥϸ
ĸֲǲ֪ԺǿһľЩĵģ˵£ⶼСµġ߿οǸֶˣȻǰҲܼ䵽ǲء
ô˵Ҳȥ価ܺͼ˵ʱǿԵģһºһδԣǰҲԸȥĻȥɢɢġ
һοĸо߱ˡվܣһЩװһˣϸŵչ˴С㣬Ǳҷ͵ˣҼ͸档
ǣˡ񣬶ͷ΢΢
ǰߣұˡ
ǣĸס߿߳ȥΧһ
ȥæɣȫΧˡ߰ȫ˶˳ȥֻźĴ䡣
װһǰôںأֻĶѣǰʲô
ճ˵ãĸûļĸĸڣ㹻ˣЩ޷Ĺȥʱڷаɡ
ȻȥңǼǰ֪һЩķӣôȥ׼һ󷽵·ܲ
佫˳ĳһβһ·Ĺճϸ˵ĺһˬӢ˵Ů˶ˡ
װ磬ϲĲˣܻԼԺСҳҲԼˡһŪúܵ˼ߵߣһ
߿ҲϲҪͽһ𣿡
صͷ
ñ˰ԺʰһƬɾĵطΧ
߲ûΪԼоԼѾļޱ㿪ʼ·
Ǽܲһֱܣһͣ
֮߱㺰סһѹȡ
һλԺѽ̸ģǲСЩúѿ
һ֮ԻԺȥˣһɾ·ҪȥԵˡ


 6 

Ӻܿ͵˺Լõһ죬һ߾ʹļ򵥵ģĸױˡ
С˺ŷ˵󣬼߾ųѾ˽ȥ
ɽҲһСԺӣԺֵҲЩ˼ҵĻݲݣ෴˲ҩ֮ġ
ߺȵĶˣҲʶ١ѾżߵһСͤ棬Χ˲ҩһССĳ
ˣţһ㲮ĸˡɽԼеҽ飬
塣߹ԹţҲҿɽн߻ǵһɲҪţЩҩݶǷ˺ֵģˣ㲮ĸҵһֶڼͣǲӣ㿴̫ȡ
ڶŮ֮ĲأŮӻԽԺ飬ֻǱϾ
߲⣬ѾʮСô࣬ЩŮ¶˵Ѿٹˡ
ûãͿһһʮĳ༫ΪŮ߽˼ΪǾ
߼æվ߹ȥ񣬵ĸ
Ľæ̾ĿСﳤüΪ£ˮһ˫۾ĸ࣬º͡ƤȻϸ۵͸һ˿԰ףҲΪ̲סҪӵ
ֻһֲڵĶӣǶЩСϲĺܡ
ҾͻϲĽ߽ͤӣɽ˱ȥҩȥˡ
£ĽϸϸĿһȷ̫ãǵҪһһȰѵһ׶εĵȷ
ĸˡϵĵл
ߣҿɡͷĽû´Ų׼һҲʹ࣬𣿡
ô˵ɫҲ̲סˣŵʱסĶӣֻܴڴһҲܶصʱԶҪ³һ޸˺ƺٳӣĸ״ĥԼҲʮ𣬱ˡȥĴڽӴԼòõġ
ǵģÿţҾ;ԼֻһΡ
Ҳ˵һ£ҩһһЩֻҪü֣һܷĽȸһʾѰ޷֣֪ûˡ
ãһֵġߵͷʹҲ뾭ˣжѣܼ
˺úһ£ĽЩԽһһĸ̣߶ɢͷʪճĶͷġ
ĸӹȻе۰ǼҲòϣͨ泩ĸо̹ˡ
ŵһ죬ҪһְֱĽչԼ壬һЦŹ
ͤϢԱźѾ߶Ųˮһһ˵
ߣҲʮˣ֪Ժ·ʲô뷨һ˵ʮҵĹŮһ·ߣһ࿴ʵӽӣǽԺ飬·Լѡ
һ߱ѡ˵һ·Ҫ޸ܳ磬һܽѡһ·ԺһҪȥġ
׼ȥԺ顣
ãĸ׿ԺķҶɻô㸸ǰŰˡܳ࣬ĸ׸ͣҲ
ֻ΢Цȴ̲סﷴҸ׿ɲŰ壬ֻǰ˵ˡ
˰ߣ׼ѧĻǲģ˵ѧϰĶһЩŮѧĿγ̣ǻǺǼ̫һһЩ鱾ͿûȥĽ˵̵ǵѧĿγ̣Ҳ˽һЩ
ллĸĵлЩ˶ǿĸյ֣ǣĸҲǡ
Ҳ˵ԺŮҪѧһſγſγ֮ѣò˽п죬˵֪𣿡ĽһصĿʵ
ߵ˵ſγ̣ǶĿ¾ҲǺ˽⡣
̫˽⡣
ԺΪһſγ̣ĲԲأҪгȥԺȺȷӵȲˡĽһʼº͵ı֣Цúֻ
ƿԣԼĸȥ˵Լĳɼǻ;þ㤡
ſγʵЩѣûȥúÿʱ֮øĸȥɡ
һ鷿ߣһԺһЩ飬ǵһЩȤ飬оԼĶǰ̫һˡ
鷿װĺܰһɵҩζⶼҽҩҵĳ̬ɣﶼܸܵ޴ڵҩġ
ĽЩ齻һ˳ȥ
˵˵ЦЦžͿӭһӣߵȻֹ
Ľ˳۹⿴ȥЦŽ͵ԶһֶӣԺѧýס졣
ûע⵽ߵ˲òҰף۾һҲΪܹ̹׵İѺƵһİˣˣ߻̲סǶʱʹ࣬˼˵ıˡ
ߡ
ĸû£ֻЩȰˡߺܿͷӦϹ͵Ц⣬ֻĵĹ۲ܷ֣ЦֻǳǳĹϣĮġ
ùáҾ񣬼ɨԱߵĹæͷ֪Ϊʲô۾ͺܿ죬ʶܾˡ
߾ôȥԼЦĹҲסˣָĿ۽⣬кͱĽˡ
ƿԶȥѱӰһ
ôˡĽ㶵ӴȤ˵ʵֶӳ಻ΪҲŬ˼Щ⣬ҲʧΪһˡҪȢߣֻԶԶġ
ùãԲʧˣֻǲ֪λǡĵ׵һߵӡ
λǹɵŮ游ǵĺӶϵˣǶɲСĽֱӸˮ
Ӷ㱻Ƴ磬̳ĲѧǳеĴ٣вʦǵѧң¡
ƵƲ޴⣬ֻǷ·λˡ
˽㣬⻰ЩˡĽЩ죬˶ǣҲȥ棬ֻ飬ǳĶԼȥ̤ڣҲŵġ
ùü£Ƹǡ
߱ЩһӱǱϣС˻ظΪԼԵģΪʲôôԼǿżģף̲סøһȥ˺
У߲У㲻һһĸԼοֱ侲
ͺֻһ޹ϵİˣԼܸһһֵİԼҪ·ߵʯͷ޶á


 7 

ĸıԼüϰոµͼҵķΧǰ࣬ҲõĴСԵĳ棬ԾҲ
߰Ե㡣Ϸ˿ż߳ԷԺèƵģͳһôУ̲סһЩ
ĸףȵѩΪζָ̫̫һһҲǺ߶Եˡ
߸мʵЩһֱĸķӶţԵıǰˣֻĸǲ
һڵĳ緹һСѾżܽҲ֪ͨҶƵüͷһҪ
СѾ߼æżĵ򣬷ˣССˡ˵ڵϣϣܴᴦ
ʵڲأÿС̹Ҫڸһ粨һҪһʱͨ
ô˵üͷĸˣɫĿһۼߣϵƽƽģûǰͩһڵ顣
Ϣ̫̫Ҳ̲ס꣬ˣαôš
䣬һĵŮ洫ֻһĸαĽк˿ŵڵĶׯ
˴һɫĽ˿ȹȹĵͷϲź챦ʯӣ·޹ǣ̲סkֱˡ
ҵĸαĸδ㣬͸չ˵㻹𣿡ͩһ߾̲ס˵䡣ɨĸ׺ĸɫáæѳС̣ĸ׺ĸչ˵ҼãҲء
ͩ·ʱŷӦߵϷǰһ׼ǣܿһЩҵķ緶ˡ
ֻǿʱǸ۾۾ӲǱӵģ
ͷˡ
أԶˣҲڳ緹Ҫһ
άŴ󸾵ĶׯʹͩôҲûɷСӣҵŮǸڵĸµŮ
ˣлˡ
ϷѾˣ˰ôӿǵǰȥԼͩĵģȴûʲôġ
˺ú棬񣬺úչ˿ˣұȥˡϷ˲Ѿߵ֣Ļȥˡ
ϷߵòӰͩżߵֱ֣ӵһ䡰ҪͰ˵˵ֱ뿪ˣֻܱǸĿֱĸףҺС뿪ˡһıˡ
뿪Ժ̲ͩͣסСڵĴĸεǲҶˣЩ̫ϰߡ
εĿͦõģԺﳳˡ
⻰ͩһ˫۵ɴ̲סԼĶͷҵİĪͿˣôˡ
ûС ˵ǰҲ£ڶ˶ѣĺܺãǰҵŮġ
ô˵̲ͩסһãʮôĺֱҲҩڣ֪𣬵ɲȥĸˡ뵽͸ʱŴɫҰףٵļߣûз衣
Լҽֻһӣ£Լպôȥ
Һ˵ģԼȥġʱȻϲĸŮǻмѣѺ㽫ʵһһʮĸͩ
˵ˣǸСƨȥ˵˵ȥǹǡ
ͩĽ͸⣬ֻںԼıΪôЩһֱںҩʹǱܹᡣ
С̣ںĺ˵ȥɡȴǰԼǰϲǣСԼͷԼ̲ס죬̫ɵˡ
ͩһӣʵ㣬˵ġ
ǣ˵ģС̣ĸѾȥôˣҲ÷ˡȰΪʲôСôһֱɻ飬ĸͰʱʱֵǼиҲ˴ȥ
ͩƽ̲ס룬ǲͬģͬġ
ϸָĸüۣ˵ҵİ߰ˡ
С̡ס֣Щ״̬ôδðһɵıϵҲɢˡ
û£ȻúãҾͲᷳˣߣҪغӶˣԺܲˡ
û뵽Ϣ̲ססҲǸ˼ġ
飬ұҪ˵ģ֪ͽ⣬ҲˡͩžžવĵҲϧһһ㽫ǲɾ
ΪʲôͻȻҪغӶίҪԼ
ĸˣҵûȥչҶġǰЩӺӶţĸΣʮֽαͼߵġ
𣿡ԼĸҲܻš
û£ôЩ꣬ҲӦûغӶˡͩοǹࡣ
һһ߳Ժӣ֪ΪʲôܾãԶҲˡһʹЩôҲֹסģˮߣǸıӰԽԽԶԽԽԶֱ
޿Ѿͨæ޵ĲѵޱȣѾ߷طȥ
޵Ҫˡ𾪣ӦðӦúܸ˲Ŷԣｹ͸ȥ˼ߵԺӣ˵ĹȻ߿޵ļΪܡ
ôˣôġᣬｹĲ֪βźãô˵ķ˺¡
Χ˹һأĲ֪
ǵ£С̻غӶˣ˵Ҳؾˡ߳Ž͡
˻£οûϵģȥӶĪĪޡ
߲֪ô˵һָоָоޱǿҡ
ҾҲˡ
һеĺۣϧĲȥˮ뵽ԼͩĴԣɫЩˣ߿޵ǰģֺܺõ
ǶǼٵİˣޣôأĻüƽ뵽ǰûյС̵ϢӦԼˡ
߳ԺӣŵĹˣСĵĶȥӶǲǣǲɿˡ
ǡֵˣȥȥˡ
ЩĽԼָⲽɲҪԼźá


 8 

һ˵ͩԼڹеʱʱ˫£˭˲֪˭˲
࣬Ժͷˣ黭ͨŮ֪֮
ͩŮȴڵĸ£ò겻֪ǺӶҹӵˡ
ѧʱεȷ⣬ʱҶͬͬ
Ҷڲ£֪޽ʲô˼ңǵս֪࣬ǼһǼ޽ҡ
ĽִҶ֪ˣ޸˾м͸ĹӣˣͩҲ֪ΪΣҲûгף˾ȵǣҲûжķӦĮͩԽǰģҵǼõģ˭ޣ仨Ŀήˡ
ȱľǲŮе˥ˣȻܿҾǡ
񻹼ǵãǵóǵʱһοôÿĹʵĶ
֮£Լ޸˼͵°˲ź˵һЩ¡
ͩԺʱԵɺ֮ʶһλŴһඨ顣
ͬأŮȴϲһЩͩҲͬԼķһصĴ󽫾ſȢ
ҵСǼӣุܼ̳̫׵ļҲҪִһƬͩ͵͵Ĳξȥˡĳ룬Ҳûл
֪ͩҪ׷ȥҧɿڣԼҵأⱲӣٿӷĹһ档
ͩǵԼĳŵӦ޸Ҳɿڣĺţ˱ϲȾƣԽˣٶ࿴һۣһֱ׵Ծӡ
תʮȥˣͩæĻȥ¾ɿˡ
ȴЩʹģŮļˣҰҺޣһѾȵ̫̫ãҲҪġ
޽͸żһĳҲͩһһĸı䣬ôЩ꣬ѣһͩǶôİֻΣҪԼźá
߻ָ֮󽫵ѹԼĵףǰļЩţд·ġ
ʱ飬̲סЩͷۣ̫⾩йŮΪʲôҪѧ⣬ѵҪ
Ҳ˺ü죬ʱˣϾͺ͸ĸ˵顣
ʲôҪȥԺ͵°Щţܾ֮ǰͺͰ˵飬ʼղͬ⣬Ȱö˱ְԴᡣ
ҲЩ˼ϾǵԼȥӡ
ˣ˵ҪȥȥֻڰСֻһȥˡûԼɷľ㶵ˣӺòɿһ׷ʣСﱾƤ
ǸˣúúãȥԺ˵˵ڼ׼׼ĸװѶ㱸롣͵°ҲӦԵЦЦԼŮ˼ϸ壬ƽίҲͬ˵
лŮˡ֮뿪ˡ
˵һȥǲ̫ģ˵Ժᷢʲô¡͵°ЩԼŮСųǰãİǰܶͶ㣬Ҳ֪ľҪȥԺˡ
û£ҵֶֶŮ飬һȥǺúչһ°ߡ£˷ӡ
ˡ͵°£Щпͷ
ԴȥӶľûеϵӵܹ԰ߵ׵ıУȴ֮⣬һЩҲ࣬£ЩԹҵģ·һеϵˣǼߣҲֻЩû˹ͩ㣬Ѿ̫ˡ
㣬ĸ˵ҪȥǲǼֻһ𣿡˵Ϣɲò׽ôãӻû죬ҪȥԺˣеѹ֪
˵ĸеҲ᳣ҲڼҪȥĸʰԼ׼һЩŮӵС
֪ˣʲôʱȥ鰡⡣
ڻţٳͺˡͣ¶Լ߰ο
ԺСԺıƣв֪жɾ¶Ժ࿴ɹģҴ˶ܶ˴ҳϣһգһȥԺټ
ðɣҪúչԼŶȥϯ޿㣬ҲҪȥģҲһЩԼСͷ¾ϯ޿㣬û¾ǳ޿
ЩЦãԼСΪʲôÿ˶ôԼСҲ㡣
úúãҷģһúչԼ֤߱һϢˡ
͵°ΪһõܿͰѼߵˣֺʹ˵Ϣ
ͼҴСҪȥϾǸ£̫̫˵ˣ˺öƱҪίԼ
߻صԼ䣬Ʊڷŵ룬Ǹĸģʱ͵͵ĪҪ߱ˣˡ߼߼ˡ
ڶһ磬żȥҲϣһ·Ϻ˷ܡ
ԺڳⲻԶһյϣ޵ĺܴ󣬲ϿεĵطдϢ˶ĵطԺԶĵĵط֮ЩʱԺѧͻȥԡ
Ժ޵ĺܴ⡣
㣬ҪúչԼ
֪ȥɡ˵ŴԺ
Ժÿֻһ̵ģ˭˾ҪĹأϾԺԺɻʵ۵Σ˼ԴҲҪվȥ˵һԼ
С㣬ϢĵطˣһԺһλѧǶϿΣʲôҾͺá߽һʮҵŮӣݶׯ˵ˡ
лùá
ңū澸ˡŮ뿪ˡ
̲סڣС㣬ոǸùÿᣬҺú°
̲ס͵ΪЩͨĹùҪôǹԸ˵ģҪôսʿףԿ˵ĿȥǣҪйأס
̲סȻ𾴣ԺҲһͺˡסĽ
Ҳ𣿡߿̲סʡ
С㣬ˣǰ㲻ġЩߣǲܳǻ˰ɡ
˵ƭģԺûôԡ
Ժ޵ĺܺã԰һССǧŲͬĻʺŮӾס
߽ԺҵԼӣϾͿʼʰ
û˴ŮȻСЩ
ҲûʲôŪģ̫ż
߰ԼСźã洫һЩ
߳ȥüԺŮ߽
һĸһһЩӤʺǿɰ
ͬѧˡŮǿģҽнλҽ
ҽмߣ㣬þò


 9 

ǵ ùûҵʱͼһʱСģϲùƫƫֶ󲻳Լֲ˼
ãþò
ʶ̫˷ܵ˵֣ļˣԺˣһ㻹ûлҲǼദġ
ĿһϴЦЩϾԼǰĸʵ̫಻ˣҲӦõġ
ˣߣҿԽ㰢߰ɡע⵽С̲ס룬ǰҲûʲô
Ȼˣ
Ҳʲôˣ곤꣬Ұͺá
߿һˣò̫ãҲԼұ㡣
ûϵǶֵģ곤һءԥ֪ǲ˼
㻰ࡣ
Ůȵֽ˷׼˵˵Ļ
ŮһҲǸˣŮҩ֪ԨԴģʴ䣺ÿǰæģԺҹһҪźá
ҴͺãѾʰˣӼдһЩʳ֪ҪҪԡҲȥʳȥˡ
׻˵úãûʲôϵһԶܱõģУǾͳΡ
ߣҪһȥϿˣԺһЩɵĵط㲻ȥ˱Ͼã֪ôԼĸġ
ʲôط
һǲȥԷǱѧǱҪ飬Ž̲ľ͵ѧ
ڶҪʦĻԺеʦһƷˣԼĳЩ涼һĽ
ԶֻͥԶۣɡһˮ𣿡
ͥر߽𣿡߻ǵǰһֱû֣ԼŸôͼ䲻ͬ
˵ûǲ֪ģСϢ˵ҪǰˣҪ˼ҪԺˡʼҲһЩţ˼ĸײ֪ȻҪˡ
ͥһϾˣ˭أһԵӣļ߷㶡
ͱˣǲܵġͷѡ
֪ǲˣ㣬ҲУԺҲͰ߿ǿһɡô˵Ҳż߳ϣ
ڲڣĺѡƵġɫЩ죬ͥŭԹ˭Ķ
ɱȱѡѶˡ
ѡڶͥȢףǺ޹ɿѰοˣУũŮУѹںԼŮʲôݣҪҲҪ
Цһ׼ȥԷˡ
ԺĳӶǶĴΪչ˸ѧĿζԽԺ֮㰲˸طĳӣѧõѧϰ飬ѧбԹӵģбԹƶȵģǴû˵κεĲǡ
ʱǷ㣬ˡ˵ŮӣԺеҶǿŵ鼮̸࣬˵أʲôĶС
˵ͥΪȸˤ˻ˡ
žડ
ҵĿ߿һصǽ壬Щ΢΢Ĳ
ΪʲôģǰͥûлʱҲûˣΪʲôһȫˡ
˿ɫãæ£̵˼æɾ
ߣ㻹𣿡
ոգ˵ͥȣˡЩĲ·ƵĿǣץһƵĹ⡣
˵ɫһЩãҲȷһЩԣʼղţ˭ţǸµһΪһȳأ
ߣĪǺԣ˭ͥϵĵմӣΨһĶӣǱ׷Ŀô˵Լأ
һˮѲͰĽͥⶼЩʲô°
ǣôػһȻ˺ƣͥˤȣʲôûиı䡣
岻̫ȻȥϢʲôҲԲˣֻúûȥһۣЩ꾿һЩʲô
Լķ棬ִëʣԼܼסһһд
ʮ꣬Լ޸ܺƣ
ʮ꣬ȥ
Ͷʮ꣬Լȥ
ĬĬֽӽĻÿһɢֱʲô޷ʶ
С㡱վСĿڡ
ô˽˵
ҿɫ糣ĬĬһ
ԺеһλСˣ棬׼С㡣
ߵԼ˳ȥмˣɵһ㶡
ǵة֮Ůδ̫
λǼ˰ɿɱڲźá
˳һ˫鶯۾Ƥϸ壬΢΢̧޶˱˺øС
㡣񣬺ֵЩȡ
þȻ֪ҡ࿴ͻϲͺСһ㣬޹
˭˲֪
̫һĴ𣿡Աߵһ⻰̲סЦ
΢΢գҲǵЦˣһָ졣
಻еŮһ㣬СĸҳֱĸŻصϾȴû뵽һ̤ż̫ӣ֪ʲôմͻʥּˡ
ȻˣϾ˭뵽һة֮ŮΪ߹̫أ
ЩǣãЩԺдǲȥ
Ұ߾ͺãѾûˣɡ߲żһ˽ȥ
ʣµЩգôûأ
һĸʽˣΪݣЩԥ
ߣʲô˵
㣬ʣͥȣĶ𣿡
ЩĽָҲ
ǵġЩѵĵͷлһЩܣ̫ȴҲɿ˵ˡ
ǲҪ˵ǣȻͥҪؾʱȫǽ֪ϢʺԼȥ
֪ԵʣԵͷ֤


 10 

ԺӼӦĺܺãͬס˽԰Сһչˣӹò丮С
ֻʵǹڷͷۣ˾ȵǣȴѧõһķġ
һ󼱴ٵ洫ܽ
ô˷˺˾š
һԼ侲
Сˡ
ߡ䡱һվϸָĽš

ڴšм仰û˵λġ
߿첽ȥǵüͥһ棬ɽĴɫҲֲһЦǵԼֻʱԼֻһĹ»ˡ
ûдյǰȥŽ͸Ⱥûһ˿ۼ
żĶţҪˡ
һֻץסְȺ
߷һתһϯ޿
޿Ҫȥ
ɵӣǿģȥǸͤϡ
ϯ޿˵ͤλԺԱߵСɽϣӾѡ
ȥȺɢ
ĵһۣߵ
һɫ·ϣԼĹǰˣ㲻УҲȻķǡ
ôƵһˣΪʲôҪô
ް
ͥеĿǸͤӣȴʲôûп
ӡ
û£߰ɡҲˡ
ϯ޿Լؿڣһ£Լۼֿ졣
תһͿ޵ĲС
ҵİ߰ˣȻκõġϯ޿ԼҲܡ
Ŀκ𣿡߳ſ
ԣϯ޿ʵҲȷȱ޲¡
߲֪ΪʲôǰǰҲ֪ͥܲվ
彫ոõĲݸͥվһߵ˵żȥ
ĸǡ͸һͥһ˿º͵Ц⣬ͷϸ
ҽôˣ
ӣͼС㵽Ժˡ岻ΪʲôҪȥһͨŮӣЩߣҲû˵һﰡĪҲ·Ķ˲ɡ
顱⵹벻һûԺʲô飬ֵš
ӣйȵĴԡСĵǲŻûãҥԱԽ˵ˡ
ЩҲգ˵ҵҪһ㿴⻰˴
뵽үԷ˵۰֮ģ깫ӳ˲ûлԴ˹үû÷ˡ

ҾĶһ˫ء
ͥδЩ˷ԡ
Ȼҵ˶֪ʵʲôǼ߲֪
ҵԼĴ򣬴ңһֱ˶ƽ֮סɽ
壬һ¶ɫЩ죬Ͼһδʵᡣ
Ŷ˵ɡ
СүôˡЩ
ɽͣԼĶǸһŵŮǵǰĽ֮˵Ľţǵ˵Ľš
˵ԼҴҵĸȥ뿴⺢Ӿ˵Σɻܾȣأ
ͥԼԺһѹˣٿȣȷˤ˹ǻҪˣƫƫϣ治֪ЩڸЩʲô
ĻɫһףҲô˵Ѳǲ
Ҳ͸¶̫࣬ҷſġɽοߣһǶһŮҪˡ
Щ̽Ŀɲֹһˣ˼ﰵĴ֪˵̶ֳȣɻվǺȥСͥ⺢뷨͹Źִ֣֪Ǹʲô
лл塣߰ͳԺӣûףһɽѩˣ˿Ҫܴ۵ˡ
ԼҰ취ڴһ˾βźá
еһ򴫵ĺܿ죬ͥ˵顣
ÿһμȥöһֻ͵С󣬲ŹκһѶϢĵļȥдֽϡ
ʼһֻǴȲκˣȻͥС
˵ǵʱգΪ˾̫ӣֱˤɽȣ˵ȣҲһˡ
ͨ죬ЩСƽװı˭ׯ˿֪ߡ
ߣ˵ȥСүȣҲǡ
ֶڷοɱʲô
϶ˣ֪Ҫô족
͸һ˿߸ϵһ䣬۰ˡ
ǰŮ˭޸ֻڡ
ž߰ԼĿˤϣߵŮǰ
㣬ʲô
۾ƺҪᣬƫƫ׺ݼˣԭȴƾ׶һӲ̲ס˲
ˤȣǹӣֻΪͥҲ䲻߲֪ΪʲôЩ˵һ䲻ãһǷǡ
ŮƺҲˣü𣬡Σͥ˭ֿϣǱȥ޸޸ػѡ
ޱޣ䣬һƬü紵Ҷɳɳ
߱ͷԣӱѿڶڡԺ⣬ԼҲԸġ
ˣҪˣСүǱ׷⣬̸۵Ķ󡣡վҲͲۡ
߱ԼᣬԺӡ
ǰóֻӺδϢһһεֽϣһʪĻ
һȳӣҲõĸ硣


 11 


ǵСүȶҲùԴŶ٬⴫ͥ۾û̧һ£ĿԼ顣
ιͥ˵˵Ҳ磬ôһɡ򿪰״߽Ϊһš
š
̧ͥͷһ۱ʾԡ
ǸؿЩûбйƵʹȣֱֻŸϡ
á
򿪰׿һۣá
治֪Ƣһ˭ܵˡ
Ͳ֪ǳʲô𣿡
롱ͥһҳһۡ
٣㲻ƫҪ˵򿪰׶Զ·˵һ㡰žİϡ
˵
ҵıͥ豭ĺһڲ衣
򿪰׺񱻾ŵ˰ļһ£ûãûˡ
첻µز£¹øԼıˡ
С򿪰׾ͱøĲҰԷҪ򣬲Ҫ򣬽鷿ƻǸҡʼͥһᣬͥѧˣ򿪰׻ǸɵģС򵽴ø̲ס
ô˵ҪҸոǲ𣿡µԼؿڣԼӹһ١
Ҫ˵𣿲˵ͻҡ
һžĽˣ֮ͥ֡
˵ߡ
Ȥ򿪰ִչȥ¹Թá
԰㻹ǵǰùûʱʱϲƨɺܣӾͺƵģû뵽δսǸŮӺѷɫ򿪰׻ǵãСĺܣҲãõǼɰġ
ôǵãԼһԼһҲ뿪
˵ˡǱ̨ˡ
ûĵġ
㻰öࡱҺ÷
ͥ߹ȥûǱ飬Ŀ
ðɺðɣ㿴ɣˣ֪Ƕ˵㲻ˡһ򿪰һ̵ľܳȥ
ʲôСڸ׵µͥûŮ֮£ԺûѾ߷̣鷳ȻҲûѧϰⷽ棬ƫƫ򸾶û뵽ȥˡ
ھзԷǱŶԼӾԵţûһ˳ȥ塣ڴԽԽң˵аۣ˶ʼҡˡ
һ߰ĽЩ˵ĻԼСϣһȥҴúõһ¶֮ҪʲôܺõĿһЩ
Щ˾֪λҲһ˾ܲԼС˼ֻǻⲻ̾һɵʲô˼ңȱһʳСôСү͹ȥأŮ˼ǲ
߿û뵽ЦǴȰĳİתǧأֻһҪúõʲôеģΪͥ飬ֻǣԼģδ̫뾭ѵһЩ
ʲôҪͥͳԵģĻǺĸոպȥĲˮˡ
Դڼߵͷϣһǡ
ҵãɱǻûðɡ
˵ģһ㶫ȥ
֣Ŀˡ
˻˼ۣеľɺ͵ȻûȥЩҲûмϲͥˣҲûиҴŵȥ˽ʲôҪǴ˳ȥǵñʲô
٣鲻СӣϲĺͿ
ǣ뿴ôˡ
еĹһӾͰˡҲûа취ĺȥͥôˣǲ˵߲ţһ겻Ծ
ôϲ𣿡
üݵӣʮСʮԹ
ߣ
ϲ𣿲ϲǡһֵΡ֪ΪʲôͥѾԼǿеĵطԼˣһ㣬ָоϲһץһĨ⣬ԼĹǰǸȽŲͦˡ
ʵҲҪͥôˣѰ쵹ҲѰ죬ֻҪίһ°ˡ
಻ģȴȫġ
һֶصʣĺ񴵹ɽĴ磬һˮеı䣬ÿ˶̲ס˵
ࣺ̫ӵºͥСһ𳤴󣬲úĴԲӦû棬ֻʱֻĵĿϼۣϲܱ˷ˡ
̫ˣǻʵ۸µ׼̫̫ӵĵģƫƫ̫ӵһسģʲôĶҪ˵䲻СһЩιýԣ˵Ҳ͹ˡ
ʵǲֳҪͣԴ̫ڻʵÿһλʵ۶һЩãƫƫҴδƫҲԽˡ
лл㣡߸˵ĳȥסࡣ
ԼҲģֻǺ̫˵ֲ֪ҪԼʲôˣǰЩҪԼĺɰڻֻһΪ˽õҸһ°ɡ


 12 

Ҫȥ
򿪰ľͻϲùˣһ˫ֻùڵĹһС
ҲȥϷôȥ
Ǹˣ֪̳ĵ㣬ǵŽߴְ塣
°һ˿ˣͥҲ̲סһĨЦ⡣
õĹһԣΡ
ҲûлʲôװһɫĶ忡
ðɣǾȥɡ򿪰װС˽пͥ˴š
ߣ㵽ʱͺã£һ𡣡
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䡱
һ𣬼߸Ͻȥ̫ӵʵ̫ˣ˲һ˿飬ҲͿһ˿˿Ļ
°ߡ
תվ˵üĿº͡
ܳһ಻õü
಻źۼĿһΧҶͷҿֻǰվߡ
ĴԶ̫ӵ֣ϰĹԣ˵˼ֽͤӡ
ûмǴ⼸仰̫ӵƺѾ˵ˡ
ʱֻ̫ͤӵºͼ̵Ĵˡ
һҲɵ˺ԼͬĿ
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£ںʲô򿪰׺Ǻ棬еĲ豭߹ȥ
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ཹĲ֪ô죬ͥܳһ˶һʮС
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ףֻһСèˡ
ԶԶԣèè䣡ģûʲôÿġ༱æӦ͡

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Ϊڸǵͦãû뵽ˡ
£ǲģ
԰˵𣿡
֪ܳʲô˵ģֻͥһ֪СҲʲô𺦣㵱ˡ
¡СΪʲô


 13 

ྫ㱵Сõݸ˼ߣζ
ǣ
ͥ͸ġ
Ŷ͸ҵģ˭ͥ
Լһܾŵӣƽˡ
߿ɵɵСӣ뵽Լɵ㶵ǵȫͱ֪ˣʲô°
ô˵֪СѯʣϣҪ˵Ǹ𰸡
š
䣡һƬհף뵽ԼѧһèУ޵Դ޲ҸطȥҲˡ
ҵĺý㣬ɱ߱ˡѾߵĲ֪ô죬Ǳ֪ñЦʲôӡ
֪Ҳ˵ġ༱æˮҪô߳ܡ
߰Сӽ䣬úչˣԼ̬һͬȥˡ
صĸأ
ûû£Ǽ档
һˣȥ򳡿˴
һأйŮ˶ʢǴҴŹʵʱ
ȥиСӳüΪ
ǱʱԱߵС̸˭
ƲƲ죬˵ıϴ̤ڵλӣ˰СүȽϣۼòƷȵˣ
ϯ޿ֵĿǰôûͥɱˣҲʮһ꣬ëѾͷ
ĵһСͨ죬δ㡭
Ͳ˼Ŀһ۴ҡĵߣ׼˵
ԹĿһۣα죬˵ôСֻ⼸üˡ
Ҹȥʱսҵʱ
ų̲֮ס̾˵λӵȷЩ¡
ֻһɫװɾԶԶźһƥɫĿҲΪɫ
ƲֱתͷһԼ۾ࡣ
⻹ǵһμ㲻һˣ˵ҲӦʶֻ»Ǹոռ˵Ļˡ
ԶԶľͿ˼ߣǵڹùüҿǸһ͸˺ӡԼһֱĬĬţû뵽ˡ
С㣬̫ӵ롣һ¹ߵǰ󹧾Ķ
ұȥˡ
̫ӾǰľǸ¹ٱ뿪ˡ
ʣµļҲһλ£Ǵ
ĲͷһֻһϺõĸ̣ˮͷ㡣
˵ȱһֻӵҲǣֻ˭õֻӣضǽճĿˡ
ҿҪλӮȥˣ֪͸λһĳţ²Ӯҡ
ţе㲻ȻȥϢһ¡
Ȼƣ֪ʱûбֳڴǸ湫ӡ
ҿȷ̫Ҳûִǿ
߻صôСӵݸ
ɵ㶵ǵģһҲߴһͶһ£۾ҲתģֱЦ
ڼתͷĹתͿСôϱ㶵Ŀһˡ
Ӽæ³죬׷ԭΪǸɵģû뵽һԶˣȫոմɵӡ
ССܵĻͦ죬˸棬ƫƫҲû׽Сľ飬۵ֱ
ǰݸӣһӹлл
л
ͣסԼӹӵ֣վǰЦ紺ˡ
ɽ˫ַߣľʵγĵָ޳ǽڷ紵ĺڷ߿Щˡ
ôżûͲʶ𣿡
ͥűС۵ĲӵС񿴼Сʱ׷ԼӣҲɵ㶵ǵĸܲ·ˤҲԡ
ͥ硣
С￴βʼ죬ίòУͺҵԳˡ
ͥЩˣȫӣеҲԸ񣬴ûк㽿СһദôЩȥҲû˽̹ҪôȥοһҪ޵С
ǸǲǱСˣ
ͥͷһСӵͷ㲻˸ǿˡ
ҲǸƢģ۾һתƨɶ
߱ǰһĻЦ۽ǵǵỨҲûˡ
ͥźۼһ°ӵݸ
ͥ磬ȣ𣿡
߽ӹӣοͷЩǵĿͥȡ
̫ģû¡ͥûҪԼԽã鷳¾Խ٣ѵõ徻ֻСɵɵĻҪһۣû취
ԺӶ˱㶪˰ɣҲȫ
ͥ߾ֻһСѾߣ
ⲻͨӡЩί͸Լİ
ͥ⻰ﷺһĶȾ˺죬СһҲ֡
ȥɣԺŶһЩˣ֪𣿡
⻰ͺͺСƵġԱߵ岻ɵó˳ǣԼҹѼС㵱СˡǱϷ˿һĻƵЦ
ãˣͥټ߱ĵת뿪ͥ磬ڿԷˡ
塱
ӣ
ȥбע˷ˡ
ͥһԼΣ¶ڷĹẰͥ硣
ǣ͸һ˿ͷ
һ㣬׼ͼ˵
ǣףһи㶨ٸ߼ˡ
߻صͿһԸˡոջһӾˡ
͹ƹ˼òľ룬˼Ҳ˵ʲôл
ƾˣֹ񣬾ѿ˭֪Բ˻ô̡
֪λʲô飿䵲ڼǰһľ衣
¾޶⣬ֻǾֻӷǳʺϹƴӻóһľϻ򿪣ǴǸͷ
ˡߴӴվûһ飬Ҳȱһ֧ӣӻ͸˰ɣңӿ֪ܲľǺ
⻰Ĵɫе֣СǰǺϲ
Щ㵣оӦϲģвɱһ˿ʧ䡣
䣬߰ɡƿӽûһ
С㣬ϲʲôƽֻӣЩġ
ӣҼСʲôȱʲôСû˵شˡ
ƿнԶĸ³ϲģΪʲôԼݲ𣿻Լ𣿻ʵͺ;ŮһصǱ˵Ȩһӹס
һڸǵģ߲ˡ
俴ɫõС㣬̲סԹǸôС㲻ͣƫƫǼС㡣


˫

Թȥ֮бƽ˲٣ͥϣ˶Կɫ鶼̫Ӷһֻ֪Щҥ˿ӹˡ
ԺȴÿѧһεĿҪˣĵҲ£ֻǲؾҪиĸڷһȲĳ͹ˡ

СҪô찡Լ۾ͼǰɰСһ֮ġ
ֱӣһߣߣСѾܽĶ㽲ˣʵǲܰʲôˡ
ԴڱƽСԺʼڽİ¸ϰȻ㾫ͨҲȥǲõģר˸Ψмߣֱּⷽ˴۽硣
Ҳ֪ΪǰӴ̫˻ͨÿһˣһˣ𽥷ʹȲɡ
ߣΪˣҪȥҿɣ⣬ȡҲûˣֻñӣߵôˡ
ǿ𣿡ҲǼߵһβμӣǵġ
Уÿһԭ⣬ֻĿ̫࣬ѱȫˡ
СЩףһ򲻺ãֻùƫƫֲܲԺúõҪأ
ҲǷӣûûεʱȥңҵ꿼Ŀһһо
ϸ߸ߵһ⣬߾;ǰһڣҪ°ƫƫúǿˣİѵ뵽ԺֻԼ̧ͷˡ
һµĴӱ̧Լ˫ĿԼС㣬̲סɵЦٺ٣ԼС濴Ÿÿء
ԣ
伱æվɾǵĿˮһĵС㣬ôū澣ɫôôڿ鰡Ǳ֪ū澿϶Բ˶ˡ=~ѩ~~~~=
ԣʲô߻㱵ĴǶѾ̧ͷһãʲô̶⻹㶹ƣ
ҵСɱˣⶼɵˡ
ŽְеϣۿҶҪˣѾˣ˵ԺҲôȥһķգٴ֪Ǳ֪СôõԼƨɿܱסˡ
ҡҡԼԴһЩһδϰ⣬һ󱯷ߴͷӿ𣬿ɥŵش䣬ôô찡ѧˡ
ȻȥɣԵ㶫úϢ߹ȥϵԾһĸ
Уһѧ߿ɲԼҵΪд󳼵ЦȥԼûشŮӵĽֻµñǳЦꡣ
С㣬Եʲô㶹ƻǺ֣ѼѪ˿ǻһŨļ
ѼѪ˿ĬĬһڿˮѧʲôѧ˲Ҫ¡
źãҹλùýһֻż߻СԺ
Ϲһ£ԼɼǣХĴţҶɳɳ졣
ԼЩ̲סţµŮƮƮ
͵һͷӰʲôҲûУһûá
С㣬ôˣ
䣬ûţºڷҹɱ˷ŻʱСЩϲ
ֱҪŵÿ޳ˣҵС㣬ǿȥɣ
źɫҹµŮεĺ˻࿴һۣ̲סңûãԼ죬Ȼ͵ȥ췣ˡС˵ˣϲģһ۸Ҳ֪״ӵС
˴һ첽СԺԺֻнڣʣµ˶ظȥˡ
ߣôʱŻ
Ҳ벻ءߺһˮеĽ̲סοû£õģԺܷʲô飿
СҪԵʲôҹ
ŴҲҪȥʳãһŪˡ
ԹĿҿɲܼˡ
һûϵģ䣬ѼѪ˿֪ԣ˵ˣֲ֡
Իǲԣһ⡣仹û߳䣬Ǳ㲻ԡ
塢ġˣȥˣɲԼİõһĳ
ԺɲˣòСϲˡ
գգۣ⻰ƺʶ
ûµģԺܰȫ·ϰһЩá֪Լżˣֻϴ֤ᡣ
䶯ܿ죬ѼѪ˿̵ĳ

ôˣ
𽽫֮޾ϸλӣԸ
ѧҪˣһѼѪ˿ҹɻʲôͥǲ֪ôŬ
ϸϸĻһ£С˵Ժ·̫ˣûˡ
ȥɣúñĲ˳һѼѪ˿
ߵſڵĺ̲סһģʲôϲҪԺһҹǵģһΪԼҹӿ϶˼С㣬֪ΪʲôȥһҹĺͻȻûθڡ
ţ
ǣֱͦ˱װʲôû˳ȥ
壬ɹȥԺе·ÿ˵ϣԺ𣬱˵Ϊѧܹѧϰϣȫ
ǣ׼ȥְֱס
ͥϸϸһ£ҵ򻻳ģǮҳ
ǣֱҪΪԼҹӵϸľֲ̾˼СϲأһӵĴֲˣҲϱԣΪʲôҪô˵Լ
֮λЯһȥԷ
ĿŶ̨ôͻȻŰˣ
֪һϾͰˣٶȻͦ졣
߻ͦģϻȥʱͲúˣ֪˭ģлл
磡
ͷ׵˷Լе飬ĵӣһôСү㽿󣬱Ͱˣ
ͥëʣӣ˵ˣ֮ͥá
ЦҲĿ㡣֪ͥԼûչ˺ԼȿҲûк˵ʮ˻ģȷԼˡⲻ͸
ӴԼĺӣʱԭ
Һúñ࣬ĺҾԭ㡣
ǡͥиͷ
Աźŵ忴͸һУǸ˯ͷˣôüСأºˣֲʱص
ӡͥѱõԾݸɵĵһߡ
ˡ
ͥˡ
߳ſѹܣӣʲôʱԾС㣿
ͥĿһӣҾˣ
ãˣѵ
ͥóһֽݸǵðܳɣҪ棬ܿʮ־ˡ
һ̹˿׵
ӹԾСķ˻ԼҹӣҲĺʲô츣һĺһ㡣
ͥͱŤСܲżҪ˰ɣ
лҪ˵ղQAQ

 15 

ߣɲ̫ˡ
İɣеˣûµġ߿ŽһĲģֻȰο䡣
ϣһԾó
˺üݣˡ
С㣬ôˣͣһΪˡ
⼸ݵĿôųɶһİԱȣȷ
¿ֿһġ
ǾɡҲǼݷһ
߰ЩһߣһЩĻȥǡ
Сѽֻһ±յͨ
ôˣԼɬ۾ʡ
ҲˣһֻϺõεĹӦֻ²ˡ
𣿡߾ú֣һֻҪڶĬĬʵֵĸо
ãõС̫۾ˡ
ʱˣŵ߻СԺ·ÿױһģĶˡ
ȥʱҷֺüԾһģһô°
£ڿǡ
ŶǸѽǰĿôһο϶ٿˣ㲻̫⡣
νĻһ䣬û
Ҳ˵ĺеôƵʵĳ֣ŲٿˡջǺúõıһĿɡ
һȥܿ͵ҪԵһ죬Ҷļ̫ţ׷׸ʹ
ڿϣ߿׵ϷӣСҶ˲Ĵӷɨһ۾ӣЩĿһϤӿЩЩЩƵʺܸߵĿʱǵĻҲûסˣ
һһдţҪԼˣԭߣԼûϧȫƾģļд
վͣʣȥɡ
һֱţæӭȥʣСôˣĺ𣿡
һ԰ףȫ޿ίˣ䣬ҪһԺˡ
ûµİС㣬˲ġ۵סϸļϸİοСԺ
صСԺʣµѾĿˡ
ְεĿǰܲһߣ㿼ô
һĿ֪ǷӳģǷӻ˭أ
ˣҿ϶ˣҪô͵˵ߴͷɥϣԺ֮ǰ͵֤Ժúö飬һοԱҪˣôôѰ
ûµģø㣬Ȼġ߹ȥοȻһ㣬ǹø϶

壬ô£
ͥǧ㻹û㵽ɵֵزֱӸŪ˺üţºˣһĸ
ӣСģɨһԱվŵ˵õĴһӵĺ£㻹ҼСѹûܵӵĺ⣬⻹һԵĺͬ
ܿǴ񣬵ͷסЦ⣬˭ɵӾһ칦ͣã·ˡ
ʲôͥһ뵽۽Ҫ䲻оһ꣬ô죿
ӱңȥԾ͵
ߣôֱӰѾأͥЦǺԼһ𳤴ġ
𣿡һ˫΢΢һһҾȥӡ
ͥûۿˣݺݵһţԼȥ췣ִС
ǣվߵǰС˵߰ɣˡ
¸ˡ忴ǰǸӰ̲סһ䡰Ѿͷ
죬µı԰ɣҰѺ𽻻
ЦʮֺƣϸָԼƤһһµصš
Ҵˡ
𽻹˰ɣı˭ܵס
ͥտܻҪȥһˡ

ӣѧ߶˼ˡ
ԣҶԷӡ
ԷӶϵȲĴţϡˣǰ˰ҲһΣڿˣ
ͥһĿЦɰͥˣֻ鷿ʱּ±øⲻǿԽͥԾ
ԷӷеıӣΧͥ˺üȦϷ˵ʵСӵ
İ£ϾϢ鲻𣿡
ͥǼĻߵǰ¾Ҫʼ
Էⷭһ£ǰһͶðײãǴǼеĳȥԺеҡˡ
ͥȥ֮󣬷ЩԾѼߵ˳ⷭһľӣе鴤С￴ҲɵôӣҪԼģֻñޡ
ͥռߵıʼĴ˼ʣŸպúϸӣһɣȻ
ŸĵĲˣ߳ȥ׼ͷӸ
˭Ѿ˯ˣϣ˯ú졣
ͥתһ̺߳Ժӡ
ȥԷϵ飬ϵı̺һĨЦСӣһ֪ܲ㣬ҵҪʲôŹ֡
Է߽ӣԼԾȻҵֽŵģ֪ͥЩӷͿһ飬ÿ˵ĳɼﶼŪʵЩԡ
ߣǼͼǸСɣѲСӴĶˣ
ΪĵȻ飬ʵʹͥɲҪַҰԧ쿩


 16 

ԳɼѾˣλǵûȥ֪ͨԼĵԷ֮ͰԾ˳һһķȥûÿֻ֪Լûйء
߿һԼĳɼͰԾ˰ǷֱûۿƵһˡ
ߣҹԷӿһ۴ͷɥС⡣
ӡ߹ԹʮȻĵȷãǷӰԼгʲô˼
ʶҵĴͥ
ʲôѧʶ
ͻȻͥҪʲô
εԾģܵȷһЩǵýҳᣬﶼɣδҲɡԷźһ仰Լ±
δδ򣿡߿ŷ뿪ȫɻʲôδΪʲôͻȻԼ˵Լûδ򡣻֪ô͵˵Ƕˡ

˵ûйأͥϣ֪⣬Լġ޷죬ôû
ԼĻص˵СļȥᣬδҲɡ
δСδ򣿡ͥ˶ҪЦˣѲﻹһδ򲻳ɣ
ɫãƺǸ˵еδкܴһװһ䣺ӲǼСδ𣿡
ǣͥһ˲ˣǲǻĲ˵
˵öԣδܵҪȥССһﻰˣùûڵʱȷ˵»Լ飬ֻǺȥҲͲ֮ˡ
ӣһ顣֪ò˵ǿСֻǰˡ
ʲô
ԷӸ߼СεԾġ
ͥЦˣΪʲôˣԭǷӸĹֻǾδҲ˵ã˵Լðɡ
֪ˣȥˣʲôͨ
ǡ
Ӵ˼˰ĪԺʲôöͷܣ
ԷһСĺһڣվſڵ˾Сӣ
˵ʲôⲻӵĻ𣿡ͥ׼õĲҶϣϺõ²衣
ҽ𣿡ԷҶúõһЩ˱ǣ
ӣѧˡͥ˵ĺ棬Ҳࡣ
ˣԷб۾ķʡ
ãҼǸСﵽô£ﶼаԵԣԷˣⲻײˡ
ĸĸǺýãùǰҪҺúչ
Ҳûʲôģʵӡ
Ϸ˵ʵɿ˼Сˣ
ͥɫأϾǸûгŮӣԺǲҪôˡ
װװû뷨ãһֶͺʼҲʣСȻɵһ㵫ϲѽý
Է֪ԼѧʲôԽϲĶԽԵƽ˿ˣɲɡ
ͥ뵽Ժ޸һİӣеίѹбֵߣҲͥ磬һɬСһԺģܸоᱻƭ뵽ǸΣͥ͸ˡ
ӣĸ֮ý֮ԣùĸǷйԼͥвʹĸ
Ǽһ˵ĸ֮浱ˣСеô˼Ǿһ㿪һĿ𣿡
Էƽ￴࣬ʾһСͷһϲ׽ŪЩ󱲡˵ͥ軵軵ģ׽Ū
ͥû˵Ͽʲô˼ԷĬĬߣϱֵĺżСҪҳ˹ģǿŶҲ֪˭ĿôŶ
²ǳֺãĿǰ΢һʵģúܡ
ӻǸֶ뿴ŮӰɣ߰ｿӻʹ񣬻˰ɡ
ͥ磿˵ʲôû뵽ӣûſڿ壬֪ͥҲˡ
ͨߺǸҪһϲû뵽ȷǾˣֻϲ
û뵽ԼԭӵģֲԼĴӺ˵Ծģίס
ԷӴյͥߣС˵ºˣԿˡ
ͥҲû뵽߻ͻȻϵЦȥüͷ嵽Լ̲סݺݵĿһۺ壬²࣡
ӣѧһݼӡסίΪεĺܺãеĿǻ¶ûпһԵͥ뿪ˡ
ͥһҲԷҲˣ׷С治˵
ͥŷӦո˵Щһ㶼ˣǰʧ̬˵ȥ˵һСҪǻˡ
ߣվס
ͣתһĬĬȥԼᣬǿװǿ֪ԼҲãʲôãǣǡôܹô˵Լ˭ô˵ܡҲ֪Ϊʲôܣ˵Լã˵Լ
ޣͥԼɬɬģҪᵫְŮ֮ǲס
ӣһӾˡ᲻ĵҲһ߿һ߿ͥ
㣬ֻּͥţҪڰղˡ
߿ɲܣֱסְӷŽ
㣬ҲԼһˣΪʲôҪЩƣΪʲôҪȥЩ޹˵۹⣬ԼǾͥãµһã
ãҸͥһһĲȥᣬҲºҲ˵㱿Է˵Ҫ˵ýҲ˵ģоģҪòã
ңҲҾί
߲֪˵Լʱ۾滹ˮΪ΢죬Сɱӳ鶯ţֿɰĪͥɭĸʧС¹
ãͥ˺òãСޱӡͥԼϸָĹιСӣϸЦԼûзֵĳ硣
ãõġԺģߵʱ򻹲ߣֻֻͥôһΣľһֱŭԹͻȻñ˵Ҳûʲôˡ
ΪһĻΨĹڣ̲סͷԼӣѼСԵߵΪʲôˡ


 17 

ͥԺԼֻصԷ
ô˺𣿡
ӣͲҪȡЦѧˣѧˡ
ԷӺߺ߼˵ƽﲻҲ̫
ͥѼǿޱΣҪһЩȥֻܰԲˡ
ӣܲü߼д𣿡
زƣﲻҲ԰ԷӿЦһζ
֪ͥʲô˼ԼԼϲ߰ˡԼԼߵĸϲ
ֻǰԼҪúúõģ
ѧѧ֪
Էӿټ󣬱֪Ĳ֪⺢ƽ˻ӭһ򲻰ȻҲ֪˭ԼѧأΪʦҪġ
ǹ޸𣿡
Էôһ˵ͥǸΣÿտᣬһҲ֣Ļ޸Լ޸Լ
ǻһ˵ԺԼеĺöһˣ㲻ֻͥһͨô
ᡣ
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ӣҪȢҲһ֪ʲôĸ飬ܱ֤һúô
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СǺ£ū˵үڸɫδˡ
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ԺҪ˵Щˣ֪𣿡һҲЩģϾԼôˡ
ǣС㡣
˵⻰˼ߣǰһ׵ȷʱ࿴˼ˣ֪һǷˣԼĲˡ




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Ϊʲô
ţ
Ϊʲôˣͳʲôûб֣ȴü˶ˡ
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š
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͸û͵ӣڼ˺ǸˣиոеĶϱкһҲ㹻ˡ
ͥҼϲҲ֪ˣ֪ץܲ⺢ӱ㡣ԹűϰףСץץĶضͳ˽һԵ֣Ժ᳤
ͥҡ
͵ɣȥݻڡ̫̫Ůת
ĸ֪һܸ˵ġͥûд͵͵ӵļߣϵЦϣ͵͵һƣ߷ӡ
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㣬ʲôô᲻ãĵ˵۲ÿһ顣
С˵Щʲôأʲô᲻ãֻ˼߿ɲˣһСǲС
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ԲǵСܺòãΪԼ޷죬ʵȫ˿ˡ
ã⣬һֱ;ֻͥˣļԼõĽ㣬ǹϵҲĵ׸ˡ


 19 

⼸Ҫ׼̫ӵ´飬æĲɿ³Ҫ飬ðߺͰҪˡ
͵°˵ź°ѹٷ£ϵ˵⼸յİš
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͵°ֻֻͣʺͬţʺ
ǺӵڷܣתҲ죬ҲأǰһЩ˼̫ˣҲӣʺϡ
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ĸ׿ʱ鹣Ҫǰ˿ڼ򵥣ܶ԰ߺñɡ
ΨһҪˣԶǻ˼ҺҲǲС
ͷżãҪȽϲУߵȷ˼ǽЩŴ󻧣ֻҪеĹͷʣˡ

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͵°ñźãԸϹģ˼㿪ʼˡ
˴̫ӴǴΨһĴ£ҲиӰӵóõģϾ̫ûϻʺأҪСġ
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ĸ׾㣬ǵˣϾҪһһӵˣƷܼͥȥõġ
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ĸףġȥеС˼Ц绨
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á
Щѹ֪֮ûֻѹոռ޽ͼҵʱ͵°ֻжӵı֣ЩҲãֻΪܹĿ࣬ԲԼĺҲ
Լĸ׺ͽ㣬ӵĻ˻ȥЦôģƫƫ;ѹϲ˵ġ
ûˣȻȥ
㣬
˵ˡߴĻԺ󶼲Ҫ˵Ļˣ֪𣿱ȥá
ҶǺˣԼжİһλãֻҲֲ壬ĸ龿Ǹжϲ
㡭ס֣ǲܺԼϲһǵöܰԼ㲻Ӧѹ
ʵҲѹģֻҪҶܿģҾͿˡ
ǴδϺµĽ˵˵ͥԺԵˣֻһ뵽ҸûԼЩѹ
ͷȻû꣬Ǽ͵°Ƕ˼ҡ
ûߣȵȫ˶ˣż͵°˵
͵°֪Ҫʲôѯ
ʹˣһ֮롣
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ȢŮ
ۡ
͵°һ˫۾ȥеºͣĮַ
֪˵ʲô𣿡
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ô֪ģ͵°룬߲ϲô֪ԼŮġ
̤ڣ͹йһ֮Եˣôأ
һҪȢѲǼɫ⣿⻰Ѿˣɫһ䣬ƽһЩҡ
ǣĽҪô˵ŮҵˣܰңЩ˵ֻ»ᱻ͸
ƣǸúӣҼҰ䲻㣬㻹ȥһʺԼİɡ
ʹˡ
ˣͿͣ
͵°ֱת뿪û˵
ǲˣЩΣܻʲôʾʺϼߵˡ
ǺƲ֪εʲôεֹԨ


 20 

ôˣյǰҽȥ
ɨһۣС˵̫ãȥɡ
۾һգƿš
ݼӡ
û˵Ҳĵ̧ͷһд֣ĬĬ̾ˣӵ鲻ǲãǷǳá
ô˵
͹˵һӼﰲš
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ͥǰȥнȴֲ֪Ӧô졣
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ͥԽԽǼμ涼úõģôͱأ
ĸڼУ

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ĸĸٸͥһʱ䣬İĽˣҡҲǲԸֵġ
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ɩӰѼԼ
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Ǹ㲻֪ġΪӣԲţˣһֱԼ
ܳⷽҲǳԹͷδ֮⡣
ãһ˵ġ
ӦͥСϲĶҪץԼˣĸ̺ãͥף˵ûдЩܵű͵ЩҲֻòˣòĺ


 21 

㣬һûף㣬Ҫ˶̫ˡ
ôԼ˫壬һֻķˡ
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Ϊʲô
ԸҲ
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ڸ࿴˼ˣǼ˲ͥ򵥣ΪǹŰһЩڿϽ
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ǣǺܺá
ܺãͥ΢΢ߣɪһ£ѹҧгݵ
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СͦŸԴֱֱĿжܣĲһֻС죬˵ĻͥЦˡ
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ǰԺգôģǾƲѹġҲ֪Լӣֻʺϼ򵥵˼ңǰ㣬Ǹ׾Բῼǵġ
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ŮͥԼִͷϣĲһֻӣһ仰㲻ˡ
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̾ӿ½εİţػԼı˿޾ռ
ڼԹԵĵң֪𣿡ƽͥϣԼǰȥ۽ǲˮۿЩ죬ȥЩ
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лɩӣնͥǡ
תͷţСûվͥѾ֪⣬֪Ҳ㹻ˡ
಻֪˵׷һЩʲô뿪æ߽ȥĦһֻӡ
𣿡
ǡ
ߣԲ𡭡
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ǾͺáҲʱһûصĳƣһɡ
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ǸԵˣۡ
һģҲҪҸźá


 22 

ʹѾģɴЩ⣬һλžװŮŴɫķ£ϸͷƮڶߣһ˫ϸķȴԴģȫЦ⡣
ˡɳ֮µ˻ޣк
ϸϸ÷ŽߵĴһ·˹ȥ
ˡסְǣǰţƥɵĸš
ĸ˵ʲôȻѾʮͣҲ˻룬ȻɼüĿߵ顣
Ҷӵ鿩
ѵӣǲʲôˣһͥʲô¾ˣϡ
ʲô£Ҷӻ𣿡⻰ɲˣͥСʹ׵Ҳ׼˵
ãԼˡ
úúã׸ʲôˣҲż⺢ӻ˾ûдţֱӰĸ׵Ժˡ
ϲһС
˵ܡüͷ䭼ʱĿڣģļСôùˣ
⵹ùҲ֪ǳĺӡᵽѣһգۣĺӶˡ
û£ԺǺúõչѾ׼ʮ꣬ɼüѹ
㵹ӻûȢأĸһȥϱȢˡ
ΪʲôԼȢϱΪʲôҪϱȥҵҪдĸ˭ӡ䭲ˣȢҲãʲôãǶԼ飬ǲˡ
ûƣɴŮĽ˵̲סбɨһۣ΢΢ȡ
׵𣿡
ǰϱȥˣֻһˡ˵治˵ˣĸΪͥԼһ¶أ
Ҳߣ㣬ЦÿģǺȢõȢı£ĸаģҷģֻ㣬Ҳġ
⻰̣޲һֱ
ҲôˣԼһĻɳȥߵֱЦ
ڣɩŻˡŷĻûв
ɡҰҰԼͣյĸĻ
ĸҲˣҪ䭡
ĸôȥһˣȢͥԼȥɡ
˻࣬򵥵׻ֱЦ
ͲСѲɻίɡ
ıסЦ⣬ŵãڣɩϾΣ¶죬ͥСȢؼҡ

ŮǶŲټˣҲҿϾԼҴδҡ
׵һǼ͸ϷˣһλͷǺƣ׵һλŵı񣬶ѾܴˣŶĺȫ⡣
Ȼոʮ꣬Ѿȡ˹ֻһӣ˿ڼ򵥣ĸҲ֮ˣ뾩̫Զûʲôȱ㡣
ϽãյұӸˣһգۼʮȥˣû뵽ǵﱲҪˡ
˼ҵ̫̫͸̫̫ⲻҺͺʣ̫̫дŹѯʿ⣬ϷʼҪһ۲㰲ģдŹȥѺӽ
ⲻ͵ˡ
˽̧ͷŮӣ¶Ķ΢Щ죬СǶ飬Ϊľ㶣ǵһοôɰС˵ĶҲǣֻǵĿŮӵĺߡ
ĺִܾ٣ͷϵɫ࣬һֱںȲ裬ƺ²̫⣬΢Щһ
Щ˼˵ĻЩҲԸ߰˼Ҹڸɡ̫̫涼Ц⣬˾Ż¿ɳɡ
ǣĸǰ棬ԶԶģǴһʵķΧ
߲ͣתԼָߵˣʵϣֱڻһ仰û˵
ãҽй˽
ͻȻĻһң֪
ҼֻңҵҲֻ˽ĸ˵ҪѼġ
֪Щľ֪ˡ
Ѿ˾ˣԡ˵仰һĳĬ
˴磬ϲ𣿡
ϲˣûС˽ֲߣΪڷܣһֱרĶ飬ǼеҲϱҲ͸
ңСһ仰ͺӬ֮һ㣬ǹ˽һֱֻ»˵һЩʲô
˵һ˵һ顣
Ŷ
ߵĻһĬ
ƫͷߵˣɫ棺˵ϲˡ
֪˽֪Ӧôشû˽̹
˵Ҳϲ㣬Ȼ𣿡
˽΢˼е˼
ǣԲ𣬹˴硣Ҫһ£ǱڴԼȴҪܾ¡
Ժ˵˵𣿡תһСľţߵСͤ¡
Щ㵣ûһ˿˵Ц棬ͺǵһμһ
֪ͥĶӡ
˿ŲԵĺ棬żмֻˮɹ˲֪ǵ˵һЩʲôǿǺг
Ļ˽ǰ·𿴼ʲôܺÿĶʵϾƽĺˮҲͬˮ
֪ˣģһĸǲʡ
˽תͷߵͷŮһɫ·ĵлΪȵɢһ˿⡣
͵̧ͷҪ˵Щʲôȴʲôסһ仰Ҳ˵
ߵĲ豭˼˸ɬĺĿڣлл㣬˴硣
лңŮ˵ڼѣⶼӦġ
˵ѹҲûУͼͺһİһ㣬Ҳֻжڼõĸо˵ϲǵ̸ϡʼ˽ΪԼһֻ͵Ҫһʵ˳׹ˣû뵽ϲ˵ģ˵˭ԣǶԼ˵ֻеӡ
ôãԺһܺõĹǻҸġеĴʯ˵أȻ֪·ԼҪôߣûǰãˡ
Ҳá˽鲢żֻĸżˣҪԣϾԼҪ鵱ڡ
̲סЦ˽˵ʲôʲô棬ûͥĲʧΪһѡֻЩ鶼ע˵ģ˭˵أ
ãǻȥɡȻûδҲûҪˣε̸ģ֮ľ뵹˲١
ã˴磬лҽʶһָопܻΪѡ
˵ӣ֪ϲΪŬ𣿡
˽ЩģȻֻͼߴôһǾһ¸ҵĹλϲ
ţڡ˶ΪԼδŬ
Ǳá˽ûʲôĵˣԼþҲˡ


 23 

ϽãҶԲˡϷ˺ݺݵĵһԼӣżϷһֱڵǸ
߹ԹվŵļźԼǼϲģĳԼȴ˵ʲôʡ
߰Ժ϶ҵһ÷ģҼС
̫̫æ˵ʲô̫̫˵ġ
ԶԶԣҶϺͿˡˡϷ˲סĵͷת뿪˼͸˽˼һۣף
ԶˣϷ˵ЦɢȥԼŮߣ
һ˻˴ȰԺϷ˻ǶȥվмļǺɸ֡
¡
ž߲ԥʵʵĹ˵ϣԴŵذ岻ҿԼĸ
㣡ҪʲôĸΪʲô˽𣿡
Ϸ˵΢ƺıˡ
Щ΢΢̧ͷֱӹŵǰסˡ
ĸҵĴҲڡ߲ȥ۱ߵˮ˫΢΢Щβ֪ôźá
ңǲϲˣϷ˺ĲСһſȥΪ
ǣĸͷۿˡ
Ϸ˱Լ۾ŮСûʲôǼиţԭΪҲᰲŵĺúõģ˭Ще涼ѵˡŮôﻹԼľǿͼ֡
ù˽˵һ֪ܲǸ𣿱ض˵ʲôùϷ˿ôЩϣ¾ҹ㣬ǣ
ĸѾŮ뵽õķˣԭΪԼԺúõĽܰţĸƴһѡ˵ĻĶš
ϾԼųĺӰĸʱǴѪ˵ӻǳôˣ˼껹ȥˡӵԼϥţô󰡡
Ϸ˲ȥԼᣬ
ߣĸ˭
߱ܿ۾˵
ϷϷˣˣżĳǰĳԾ͡
û𰸵Ϸ˿һۼߣֿ˴ˣߣҵҪȥ˭
Ϸ˺ݺݵ˦Լ䣬ѼߵԺ
һδƽһ𣬼߸ѹˣⶼʲô¶
ɾ߼æȥոߵͱߵĴѾŪסˡ
˽סȱȥ߼æץס֣˭ˣ
Ǻƺˡ
ּһͥͺáʱײݣֻĸֲ˺ˣһЩֻ
Ϸ߽ʩʩȻλɫ̫á
⺫ǰռ͵°ǧܴĳӹǰŸոߣ͸ˡ
Ϸˣ͵ԵΪ˫ȫԼʹĲѰ
ŵĲǱˣǾڸߵһλˣƲ֪ô
Է˿ɵԣҼҰױӲİӶԣ֪⺫ʶ
Ϸ˲ίߣ˵Ҳ
Է˰һáֻ½ǲˣ뵽͵еЩ䱦ֲʹ˷
Ϸ˵ﻰʹ˭˲֪֪Ҳ֮С
ԷЦʮֳֿ·˵һ֮ȫ֪һ㡣
ҼҰ߿ɲҵȵϹӵĴ󣿡⻰ոһ䣬ϸЦͿŰ
Ϸ˵⻰ɱˣ˭˲֪Է˵Ĵӳޣһ֪Ұ䱦ԼýȢһԡ
ԷҧסԼݣֻܽķŭ¶ǣƫƫ˵ʵ޿κΡ
鷱Ͳ³Էˣ֣Ϳ͡
Ϸ˶豭ĺţٿһۡԷվ˵Щʲôֱߵǰ΢΢һӣͿ͵ƣԷˣ롣
ո߳͸ϵЦ˵һɶԹޣҵҪұҪиʲô¡
أ׮ûǼߵ顣
ԼĶվ΢΢һ
ð߻Ժȥʡˣΰú÷ʡҲȥ
Ϸ˻ܲ˼߱Ͳϲܣʲôã⵹ˣҲȥǸҰˡ
ɡˣܲЩСˡˣȥİɡ
ĸס΢΢һ鰢̫صˣҲںһЩǹ˼СǸԺõģȻ֪Ҫֳʲôأ
Ū񣬷ȥǶ
ߴԼԺŴǰ͵͵Ϣ֪Ϸ˺ĽԷ˸˳ȥڳЦ
ԷԼҵ鶼ܲ׻пȥܱҵ飬ǿЦ
˹ˡæѸո֪̽Ϣ
֪Ƕ㲻ˣվͺĸ˵ˡ
ߡһͿڵϣһæ˰
Ǹʲô
ĸףŮ֪ˡԴռ
֪ҪǸ˭ȻǱϾôЩ꣬Ƿֵߵ֪װֱӽҴĿ
΢΢һӣƵĲȥĸס
ߣֻ˵ĸײܰ㡣ֹŰ֮ˣʹߣʱ߻˵ûУ˭뵽һ¹ȥء
߿һӵˣȫȥյĵĸ
ʲô˵ģУôأΪĸȻ
ͬġ
ǰ˼͵°ԶԶܿ˵ٱͥҪǸñŵİѰ߼޳ȥ
ĸףϲ߾֪Ľһʼû˵ʵ˱ļͥõˣһúöԼġ
鲻Ҫ㸸ףǱ֪ˡǳԼĶӣ֪Ӧô졣
ͼǰСèʹϻϻԼҵСèôأƫƫСèҪϻԼ·ȥˡ
һȺ뿪СԺ߽ȥԼҹɫƽһôٶҲ֪϶Ƿʲô飬ڷûгͷС㡣
û°ɣ
û£䲻Ҫġ߼һľͺǿƵģÿˡ
⻹ǵ
ģ鰡ء߿ŴǴ̫ϾҪ飬׿ûʱԼ顣ͥ簡㵽׼ô


 24 

Ⱦϲڴһڵ
ʹ˶ϲȻ̫Į飬ǴҶΪȢԼϲĹˣ洦ɼĺڷƮ
ƣڰʽٹҪһ𣬲ˣиλ˵ŮҲݼ̫ͬ֡
ʺϯʼ֮ǰ˵ʱ򲻾ڹأҳԺò¡ⲻ⼸־һ
ŮͬͬסôãƢҲǺϵģΪ˵ͬʱ̲סΪһѺϾǻʹǳ˵ĵطǰº͵һҪúõǲס
ߣһգ㣬ͣӦ̫£СԺֲȫˡ
Щ꣬ǽӣԺһЩ£һİӣûûˡ
˵̲סļο
ǺϸΪ˵ģ̫ӵǰܻס
һԼԺҲȥǴÿս淢˵ƶһײñ˺ӣ̫λã̫Ҳȫһˡ
ˣ¶ɫ߷ѯǷʲô顣
ҽҲһҪǡҼΪҶһ£úҪлˣСԺֻˡ
һĨϼɫ͵͵ӣ޵ˣ¸Ķ
ôһҪ˰¹ǳû˾񣬿Ŀżߵߣûл°ɣ
ûУûл¡˵仰һﻺڵȷûУҲƭˡ
ѾǿµĶӣֻԼλĬĬһЩСģԼ˵˵С
ͷˣδһϲ
һæվ㱻
񡣡
̫ﰲ
Ǯ̫ҲǴŴӹ⵽˹
Ǯ̫һõˣһСӣκλ̫СӶûаŽʥСĵܵҲнʮ꣬ȫԼĶˡ
һϱλǮ̫һ帣ȥˡ
Ǻþû棬ྡ
Ǯ̫һҪ̸̬ȡ
ЦüΪģȴ̲סʲôʱнˡ
Ǯ̸̸̫֣ž̸˼Ů
˵Ǯ̫Ҳʮͣȴһӡ
Ҳ֪Ǻӣﶷ湷ûΣøҸ˹ܹˡ
һ⻰ľЩˣǮ̫˵⻰Ҳ֪ʲô˼
ﻰ˭֪²Ż磬Ϊѡ
ô˵Ǯ̫ˣ˵ĵûǰ͵˾͸óɼˣ˵ҴҲ˺ʵ͡
Լ֣΢΢ĺ̲סֲ֣ãԭء
̫˵Цˣ߲ѧǳòª϶£
˵˳
䲻Ͽɲ˵ˡǮ̫ʶȤ䵭ǶҽҲͷ˻ǻȥʼʹٸҴ𸴰ɡ

㶵λϣɫҰףкƺҲܵĸ׵Ĳʣ͵Ķ
һ⣬Ͼ̫Ӵϲӣ˭Ҳ֦ڣԼʱˡ
߲֪ʲôɫ࣬Щ£ųһ
ĸףû°ɣ
û£ߡֻҪˡ
δʣҲ˵ģȻȥʼ͵°£ֻǰϯδɢҪٵȵȡ

ʹˣʹ߰
һ˼͵°æת뿪û뻹Ǳס䡣
ɺͳ»أ͵°ݺݵ˦ӣһۡ
ԲסԲסϷһˡ
ԼĺӣЦúģһ˵Ƥ
֪ʲô飿
͵°ȻƤ˵ǱϾǹ磬Ҳܾô߿
˿ڣһߣǰĵ˵
ʹ˰ǰҰҴˣһõı͵°ĲͬͺǴƵģһ͵°Ȼ֪«ЩʲôҩǺеһ
ⱭǾˡ
һھ͵°ҲҲǣ˭ѣ
ʹ˰Ϸ곤㼸꣬ҲôˣҵƷҲ˽⡣
⻰˵ĵҲȻǸ⣬Ϊ˻ŵĹ
ѽǲҪƤˣ밡һ¡
ʲô
͵°ʱҲˡ
Ҳ֪ȮոǿֻǿϧҼҾǸȫ򣬾ϲҳĺùⲻҴʲİ
ЩһûаѼ͵°ĵȥ磬˸󣬿߻Ҫ׳յȷǿת˵ɵŷȭͷͲϹԼŮļ޸͵°Ѿ߱һƴ򵹵ˡ
ʹ˼ʹ߰ҸʱúǼ˵Ϳˣ
͵°ͣһתûһ˿飬²̸ܡ
ô˵ɫȻû䣬ʹҲ֪ѺӸոմʤ̻Ų֪һЩʲôأ㿴δŮδ޵ģʰ
͵°ƤЦⲻЦһ仰Ҳ˵ת뿪
͵°̼ȫһͳϢû˸Һ˵
ϯһ͵°ͼҴҵ˼ҡ
͵ȵżˣæŶӭȥ
л˵
л˵
ŶԷжƣż
˵ɡ͵°£һˮԼĻ
ҪȢߡ
ۡոպȥˮô˳͵°۾ţ˵ʲô
̫˵顣
͵°ݺݵİѱӸϣܻȥ
ޣͶҲȢҹŮΣ
ˣıοһ˫Ŀǳô죿
ʱҼҶʻСӣҲͰˣһѹȥƫƫɽǸƤΪȢߣвң
͵°ͣ޶ԼĺӣûעʱѾ޶²١
úõĻƫƫ˽û˼ˣ⻰˵ˣǱ֪ǼŪģֻµúݺݷһ١
ô죿˿ɲУҿ˵ˣλһˣزɣԺ˲֪ˣҡʣµĻҲ˵ڣǸɫģŮںƫƫֲǿȡ飬˫ĸԸ
ֻһ취¶֮ǰѰ߼޳ȥ͵°˾
ˣʱкʵ˼ңҪ㲻Ҫôˣٲܲȶˡ
ɬǮֻ̫ѾϢ˳ȥ˭ҵأ
ž͵°ݺݵľϣв


 25 

߷ּһֹķΧĸճüȰԺߣƫƫԼѯʱֻ̧ͷԣۡ
䣬ȥпɷʲô飿Ǹڳϵʲôˣ
Ӧһȥˡ
ԼԺ׼Ĵ˼ƮԶ֪Ϊʲôܾò
ﲻˣżĴܽ۾ȫˮ˵
㣬ǿʲôʲôҰ
߰һţüһ
˵ҪȢ˵⻰䳹׵Ĵʲô˰ļ޸ǲǱԵʬ޴档
С˲ɷףԭأ۾ʧȥ˹ԣʧȥĳϣָĻ档
ŵüæ£ū澰
û£ҪţҪš߶⼸֣ȴ֪Ӧô죿
ͥ磬ԣȥ
йܵļΪϸ񣬸ûлȥ
߻ҵİͷϵȡ
ҵĲȥеˮ˵ȥҴӣͥˡ
ӣͺɽŵĿżߣ
ʣȥɡ
սӣһ·ôȥ
䲻ֱӳȥֻĵһߣܲǡ
ŵĶʲô˰ȫϹսģͷһֻСƵһߣֻǼƺûʲô춯û
俴Ÿ߳һˣɫװֱֱĳԼϸæתҪӿȴ˺ס
ǼСŮ𣿡
ô˵תһֱӾ
ˣūڵȵˡֱӹڵϣóˣӾȾҼСɣ
弱æ޵ģ̲סȻǰ޵ġ
üС㲻õģڼҵȺ򡣡
ùӾͽɼ߽񣬼æ˼͸
ӣ͵ͥУһԡ
ͥǴĦţڳ͸ʱڸԲ͸һհġ
һܺ¡
⻰̲ס˳ͣ׾һŵû̻̲գСҲѰ
Ҫ˶ãˡҾ㵣ˡ
ֻͥӽԼؿڣ·ܸżߵ¶ȣоŵϵܰζ
ţҲ֪ǲӦÿ߹ˣΪ磬ʵǺŨī

С㣬ˡ
˵ʲô
ˣתҪģڼаĵš
ô˵һֻΪʲôҪ˵أ
ҹ
΢΢üߵ۾΢΢ſԺ۾ߵɴĸţĺ䣬䣿
ûӦ˯ˡ
Ө׵¹⴩ڣ˵棬΢ҹ˳Ŵ˽
Ӵ߹ȥ˴
ԽԽϸˣȻǹˡ
΢΢˫й¶ĽţˣһɫӰ
߲ҴˣǱ֪˴˽ֻƺϴҲˡ
תǵӰʧˣĺһɻ˴ϡ
۾нŴֻϣ˶ߡ
ָܵ˷紵ĸоѾˣңһȶȣȴֲ۾˵ϣΪԼ˯ˡ
ͥСﳤĽë΢΢ĲὫëʪˣһûһ˿Ѫɫ
ֻһ۹ÿɺãɼ˯ǰɰ̲סȥòСવĶһ𣬻Կ̱죬ҪʲôζǲҲһ棬һӵζ
ûЩʲôСˣԺŴӣԼҲС¹Ƶ۾ˮģŪޡ
ͥü߷֣¼ٳʮҲ֣ᷢǰ㻵ƫƫ¶һӰһӰӱŵҪޣһصĿУܿ޵ĸһЩͺˡ
߸һӡԼϣʪĸо޿ֱƿϵˣʹµ˼»Ǳ۾˵뿪ܻ
ΪʲôңòϣĴкüˡ

۾һµˣĻ
ֱӴӴߵͷҹȥ
ֲ𴲱ߵĻƿݺݵҹȥͥɽסһһ
ߣҪûбˣ˭Ҳ֪
̱ڵϣһ仰Ҳ˵ٺĿ־ıԼҧԼͽѪɫ
ͥˣ߹ȥҪֲңߣԲҵĴֻúòãҶã㲻Ҫ˺Լòã
ֱۺݺݵҧȥƺҪеίºЩӵѹй
ͥɫδ䣬ֻҪ˺Լͺãʹ˵ֵһᡣ
֪֪ж຦£֪֪һδŮ˵ж£
߿ţþȫҴֻۣͥ´ϰߵֻһЩ
±¡ͥԲҲ֪ô¡
߲˵ֻһֱڿޣûвˣոĲ١
֪۸ңҲ۸ң˭ҹȥء
û˻۸ˣҲУԺҲĻˡ
С£ͥĺˣʱҲ֪ԼΪʲôֻǿ˯ŵӾħһ㡣
߿ˣͥɾشϣתһˮ
߿Ҳһۣȴӹ豭๾ࡱĺˡ
㣬Ǻˡ
ûİѱӵݸ۾
ߣ£˯ɣ˯Ҿ뿪
ƽͥѱӸǺãԲ𣬰ߣУϲ㡣
뿪֮ǰĿһıӰ˼ߵķ䡣
ˣ۾ŷ·ʲôûзķ䣬ЩȻ
ӦùģҹŮӹ뷿˵ΪǷǰԼֻҲһ棬ȴݲ뿪뿪ƫƫȴҪһ仰
жǼ£·һУѲɣ
һָоҲͥĽӴһ档
С㣿죡û˯𣿡ƿӾͷţһƬңɫ԰ףƣС
˵ʲôһͥ飬ûһ˯⡣
˯һȥȡԵԵϢ۵Ľһû˯֪жܡ
ҲȷҪϢһˣոûñ˯ˡ
Ѿ˯˷⡣ԼҹЩӰģòܺúϢ˿ɱˡ


 26 

˳͵°ͼæˣǸֻҪһҵǰ˵жãж䡣
˹ţ͵°һæߴС˸Ͽؼҡ
ûߺһͣ͵°ʣ洫ʹ˰
һǺƣ̲סüͷʲô

˵ɣ㾿ʲô飿
͵°ԼĹñ·ϣĿźƣ֪ʲô
ưҲգһ衣
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͵°һܲβǵ˼豭һڣôѵΪеѡˣ
ƶ΢΢һ٣ȥеĮ̧ͷʱЦ硣
ˣ¹ٲ֪Ϊʲô˶ôƫ¹˸Ϊʡ
˵ձһȵĲǲ裬Ǿˡ
͵°⻰ûз˵ĵȷȻ˼纣ֶζǱǺõö࣬Ȼӵ߲檣ֱһЩ
ͲµǶˣ
Ҳ¡ȫǼᶨûƭˣϲǸСǺܶ߻ʱĸĦ飬ˡ
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ʹˣƱףϣʹ˿Ժúÿǡ
⻰ĵļ͵°ͣûתĺƣӰһЩ
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֪һԽ鷳£黹йأȻԼ
ҹɫѾȫˣ͵°ûгЩģ٣٣
û˻Ӧûֻýֱš
ûüš֨ѽĿˡ͵°˫ͨ죬˿ңߵǰı
ҲһøװҶԲడ뱯۾һᣬӣοһˮǵģһøףһᱣӰߵġ
޹ˣ˰Է
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͵°ҽżߣһֱ˵Բ㡣
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Щ࣬ҸЩʵ̫³çˣǺôʺϼأ
⻰ˣױãǸˡ
Ĺﰡϸͥġ
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ÿǶӲࡣ
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ҪջĻòԯޣһģˣ
˵Цˡ
ҿɲ˵ЦɩھЩȻҪġ
ŶӲ˵ϲͥģ¼͸ֱƵⲽأҪδķܹ֮ܶŭҲֻСӣ谮ӱǸŮˣļ޹ȥֻ͸ˡ
룬롭ûףСֻŻŵˡ
пֲ˵ɫż
ôˣ
ˣˣķˡ
ˣ͵°˵Ʋջף˭뵽ɣƫƫǽ졣
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Ľĺʽ߸һµĺƣϵЩ㵡
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ͷˣǰݼҪΪֶӵ¡
һ⻰ĲҲˣеȥһɶ־ӿ
ˣڵȵˣҵ˵Ÿȥ̵ĸоˡ
ˣҲ̫ˡ
ô˵Ľ⡣
Ҳʮһ꣬Ҫ׻ٵȼɡ
Ľһ㶣͵Ƕ
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˵꣬ıЦӯӯĿźơ
Сӣǰһ㡣
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ĺ⣬ǸצδС̣Ҳ֮ˡ
ĽŵĿһԼֶӣֿһϣһͣôԽԽͿˡ
ͷˣ⡭
ǰĻֻǿһЦ˵ûոյȷȺ˵ˡ
ĽεһЦʵǲ˼
Ҫ뿪վ񣺡ͷˣڻδ飬ʼ͹ɡ
񶼴һЩãǽмֻһᶼûˡ
Ͳ˰ɡ
ɱ𣬻ðԼ˵ɣ˵ƴˣҼڿܲ衣
һж֣Ǿİɡ
ȥѴ
ڴսš
ںԺдĴҲ˽Ĳ࣬û뵽ƾȻţȻҪȥǺã֮ĶԹӽ쳹׽ɡ
ߵλйһûиơ
Լѡ
ĸףĸɡ
ĸŮͨģȻ˼
߱ϾǸδĹ˵⻰ȥˡ
Ҳ˵ˣˣϾҲ˵ˣҼҼ߶л˵̧պ󺫴˱ضҵʵӡ
Ǹ޿κΡ
ͷˣ
ƣˡлˣȸˡ
ƻ˵ЩʲôĽֱӽ˳ȥ
ͷĿһģһæԼĶӣоȫ˲١ģвŽ
ãһǱ׼ˣð߰ڼš
ǶЩģǿү
صģˡ
һӦڳˣΰͥڶܷˡ


½Զ

͵°һͷָķΧһˣϲɫСԺӣ
񣬽տʲô·
ϣһ˵ˤյȷһЩ顣
ʲô£
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⻰ʲô˼ͲҪˣҰɡ
ڼߵһ̣һ±۵΢е紵ݶ¡
֮ǰĶˡߵߣЩֺá
Ȼأ
ͺһ
ţţףҼǵѾлԼˡ
һ͵°ͷⲻԡ
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˵ǰͷĸͣ޲ôǰʧ
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ǡ
͵°ͬʨȺսܵʨӣŭȥ
ôͬأ˼ҡ
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˵öԣ˵öԡ
һ˵ȥˣǸľͺֻͥͨ»
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͵°Щ㱣ԼŮô˼оǻԼ͡
ھͰѰߵļױ׼š
Ļ͵°ѾûˣһֱĶǼߣһνеļߣһ·ļߣһԼ鷨ļߣڣСҪΪ˼ҵˡ
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ͥѾˣʣµİҲԲˡ
ϲЦտûĴϲˣϧǴűѲûؾɩŴҲԸͥ
л졣
ͥһҲȲˣҪǸСȢͥӡǣȫµ˶֪Լġ
¶ɿ첻ˣڿ׼һԻˡĻδ㼱ȵͥǶˡ
ڣͥѾˡ
ãðͥϲӣ游ֱ游һЩСͷҪˡ
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ͨ˼ұýűã˼ңȻ볣һ㡣ɲ֮˵ݵλԽߣԽʾҶĿأѡá
ҰҰͣžпкʵѡ⻹汻뵽һ
ذɣӻˡ
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ȻϲԣҲţǮ̫Ű裬Ǻ¿ء
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رҪݼң¶Һ˵ȰƸЩ׼ãǰúһ֡
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˹򣬲ҹҹ
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ϱȸˣַġ

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ΪʲôҪôأ
ƾҵЩִͥһֱֱ֧Ķ򿪰׵档
Ǳ嶯嶯
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žžž򿪰׵Цϡ
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йĲˣͥҲ˳ˡ
򿪰׼˼յߺʶһ
ʱĺùãôģ
ƫƫһЩʶȴǲ֪
ʱԼôŮӻģԣӦôŮӸˣɰ򿪰׸˵ģҴȥЩϣԼֵܿϣ˭֪ȻõĲѧĵѧͦá
ҹŮӷҲĳ˰
ͥСʱЩ谵£̲ס˳ǡ
һĻᡣ
˵ֻҪ򿪰Լظһжû⡣
ˣ
˵ġ˵ֻƷòѵĴ㣬ųҲֻ
򿪰⻰ǿģֻСרŪһׯǡҼԣƤë˳˾ϲ
˵Ҳҵôڷǵĺÿˣ򿪰׵ֻ
Ҳû뵽һװ
ձȥɡ
УС̣׼緹ͺҺСүһҪȥ
ϣӡ
˸õĳ緹һ·ûе飬ͳųׯܹȥˡ
ׯӲԶûñ㵽ˡ
򿪰װͥԱߣʹԶȻܿţһ԰׶㣬ë˳ŲԼë
򿪰״һڣֻ
ͥ⣬Ĵϰߡ




磬㻹ǵþ˾ߵʱ˵ʲô𣿡
ͥ䲻һ䣬򿪰׺ɵĿһۣͥСͻСʱ֪˭˭СԼ磬Ҳϲи磬ͻȻһ䡰硱ûš
ҵҺúչ㣬
򿪰׶췢ģܸͥõģһֱûĻ
ڻˡ
˵
Ҫˡͥ˫ͷ죬΢΢ЩȻ
Сӣ㶯찡򿪰˷ܵļͥޱɨһۣ㬵˻ȥ
һ鷳£ֶǸܲ۵鷳ġ
򿪰˽淢ֲǵĵ⡣
ҽ˰ɣ˵򿪰żԼҵڹ˼ҵСײˡ
Ҳ֪ɲҪһԴģҿֻͺܲ
һ⻰򿪰ľˣ漴ӦҾ֪û£ԭġ
ͥǳתǶԴ㲻˵ıӰܸܵʧ䡣
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ǡȥɡ򿪰ת뿴̵һĻڵѪ
л磬С̣壬ȥǶԴװãҽҪûؼҡ
ͥϲﻹЩ̡
ҵֻСϻһֻȥɡ
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򿪰׾֪϶ûôף֪Ϊʲôںͥȭôôᡣᵽߵʱ϶ĵı飬˭ûСƵġ
˼ûУһ룬ˡ
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ŽнԶ򿪰׻ֱϲĻ״̬档
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ڲסĵͷĵݸͥһС񣬼æοߵء
ͥܵڵİʾѹƺ۸ĺܲҡ
ؿڣùģһ׵ģ֮ұ϶Ҫңүжң
Ŷһӵ̲סΪһᡣ
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ȥϳļ͵°Ϸ˺һ׼ãۿ˰Ѹɨøɸɾ͵š
μ
Ϸ˿𣬲ض񡣡
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ľ裬ޣŮ˳Ӧ֮⣬꣬ԴͥԴģԼ͹һƬɽӿ¿ɼ
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ˣԸ㷹ɡ
ͲˣҵøϿȥϢҲˣҰʵҵŮȢȥ
⻰˽ǿЦЦ˭Ҽ޹˭֪ǵȥһⰡ
ؿոճ˸ŵŮ˳
յǴǰ۶Ǿ̾ǺƯ㡣
СִҪǵëûȥͳݺݵһģŵøϿ
װ
ͬĵͷȷףĺܺÿ
ߣĸ
ҪĻˣҿżĺܣ˵Ѿ˴룬ҪץʱͲҪˣúõĴޡ
ǣĸס
ɬ𷿼״Ļͺһңģ޸ԼҪ޸ˡ
Ǵˣ㶼Ҫˣ˵˵
СŮ֪£ŮҪޣѹ޷ԡ
ڼϣճ֡
㣬޺ҿ𣿡
԰Һ޲ðһȥء
˸ǺߣҿԺһ˯𣿡
ſ԰ɣЩãȻӦûʲôϵɡ
ǵӲҺһ˯뵽Ǹ󻵵
ǣǿҪ˵Ļ֪ɣߺҵĽͣ
𣿡С棬峺ľһ⣬ļЩ߳ܡ
Եİ϶ģ




ؿϢ˼ңʱ磬ͥеǰ
ͶĹϵȻʮ䣬ǻݣҲС壬һȥǵˡ
ͥ󣬿ͥѾܳս⣬һˡ
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ͣͣͣһغԺȥ·Ҵʵʵġ
żĲ֪ô죬ϽµĲУôͻȻҪ
ү
ʲô˵ûү𣿡
·
ͷһ²壬ǱƼֻҪʥˡ
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Ŷʲô˭Ҫ
ؿ
ױ磬һ㡣
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ĸʰöһһһƬƽͣ˿֮ǰĻҡ
ͥݼ̫¡
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Ӧȥݷýģû뵽ˡ
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ȢҲûʲô˵ģ㿴ĺԺĵ̫˵˵Ķ𣿡
ٿֵ̫ɫһݣ豭ϡžһŵöֱ¡
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һƬȥ㱻ӵ˹̫ʱոճСĵܵܣչ
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΢ЦеɽЩˡ
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Ϊš
û뵽һС̫ǡ
ʵڼҶǡ
һ̫źһȫϡ
ĺñǵԸˡ
⻰û˵꣬ͨˡ
ϯ޿Сˡ
ʲôӣ˶ܡ
ߣΪˡ
ϯ޿߽ץס֣һϢκҲҪ׼ԼĻ£˾ţ֪ղܳ
޿Ҳˡ
˶һЩĽ졣
Ǵ޵ĹȻĸܣŮǶȥŹϣĴóһ飬ɫ⡣
ǷΪеĻˣС˶͵͵ҽҲˣãĿ
ϯ޿ͼ߶һۣţϯ޿㡢㵨Ҳ̫˰ɣץҪˡ
֣
ߺͬϯ޿סԼ޲û
ðԭǵǸȻöˣǾ͡
ڵϣ˿һˣ˰ͷյһȥ


Сذ

ûٱͨ죬žһ°ˡ
ʣµɻĿ
ôˣ߶ںڴ
԰
ı飬Ͱ͵˵㡢ǲ᲻˼𣿡
Ͽд˴С˽Ѿͨˣ
ߺϯ޿ŷӦ
ϯ޿Դǵĵͷ˵öԣ̫ˣҹС㷿䣬̫ˣܿˡ˵Բԣ
ô˵۾ɨɨġ
˵ʲô˵ԼҲֻֻ֪ͥҪǲ͵ˡ
ԣ̫ˣ
˶ô˵ڰĿǣҺϲСķʽδңһҸˡ
ʿˮɱҿ˵ˣλǶǱ֪͵ֻ¼޹ȥҪ˵䡣
ǡǻ𣿡ϯ޿͵͵İּ쿴ͻȥѾĵԼ͵͵
ɣ
˻ûпҳ߼æ
ողغžʹˣǼ˶һ
΢΢ƫͷֵˣڲʲô
ûаʲôûСֽ֯һ𣬲֡
ԼСֱͣߵ˸ոռ߲ĵط˻ֹ㿴תʣʲô콿ǣ
ô֪
ҽضֻһطأһһ׼
֪ˣ˵ˣҪ˵ȥ
ãߣ˰
Ҳˣһߡ
ǿˣһСץҸھˡ
߿żЩֺõЦЦԺҲˣ𣿡
ûȥһ£ҾͲˡЦһҲᡣ
УСôԿ
Ҿȥӣ㱳
ȻԼ߻ʶס͡
ССҴӦ˰ɣҪӦңͻҡ
ûСĴָģ뿪ֱЩģҪѰڵûʬ𼣡
ȥ
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ʱ£ȥ
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ѵӵݸĺ˵ĸ׵Ķȫȥ׼ʮӣׯ帱ͷ棬н⻹һЩֻЩǰȻʲôѾǼܸ׼õˡ
߿ǵӣĬá
ĸףó˲ٰɣ
ԼĶӣû٣Ҳ֪ģҾͰԼļױ˼ݣһݣʣµܵá
ĸסǺαأ
߱һᣬͷۿǰޡ
һĸףӦġ⼸ãܾöԲ㡣ʲô˼ҰȻٹ⣬ǶҵѪİԺòãҪô׽أ
ˮӦҵһֱ⡣߻СױһʱĻϲ۾ΪгȻҪΪѡպãͥ游һսɳָôأ
ĸףⶼԼѡģԺǰ·οҶԹԼҲ
ſ˫ϣˮʪȹӡ
úӣޣǺ飬ѽҪЦ
ⵥûȥúÿһ£ʲôȱıңҸð졣
߲ɾᣬŵӻԼԺӡ
俴һֽһֱڷ˵˵ֲҡ
䣬һ顣
˵
˵һŮôѲԼĺӵԼӿģ
С¶ңҿɲ֪ȥʷˣǶͶһģһ𣿡
԰𣿡
俴һЦһޣĵĲС
㣬ôˣɱҰ
û£ڸˡ
һˣü߶֪ӦôȥܻرĶ顣
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Ӻܹԣڴһ߰ǸСͲ𿪣һСֽ
ҿԺ𣿡
ϵ֣ǵȷкüûˡ
߽дһСֽСͲ档
СӹԹ԰ȥɡ
ŸӵӰԽԽСĿӰˡ
ͥǾͬˣǽһڡ
תشʱо䱻ס
׼־
ѹ͵װ׺ݣͥԹԵľ

ӣȻҰҹôŮӹ󣬰Ť͹ٸ
⻰ͥɲˡ
ҿûҴδ޵ķ䣬ѽСĺܣҹجο޵òģһֱͥ磬Һ˯
ĺݺݵĴһ£תڴϲ
ԲҴˡ
ʲô𣿡
ͥ۾΢΢һ˻ƣҡҾ㡣
߼ίҲ֪Լ仰ˣôһ仹ίأ
ҡһΪʲô·Ҫң
ˣ㣬Ǵ¡
ͥվǱ߹ȥǼеСذֱ
׼ǻûгˣҲˣȥɡ
ֶͥ΢΢µĲУǿװԼֽϻ
Сذģʹ˸𣿡
ԣǷִ󻵵
ͥԼóһѺɫذףͺͼǰѲ
͸㣬ǰСľͷŻˣˡ
ȥ߰ѵȡ£ȷ˵һСľͷ
߰һߣ߹ȥͥһѣһĨŽС
ߺǼСûнӴЩȤҲŪСľͷԼ档
Сذ׷ԼͷԱߣˡ
ԣͥô֪جϺͥ磿ֻʹ֪û֪ˡ
Ѳ˼ԼɣһСذεıڻһ˿ȫС


Ƹ

ˣƸˣ
˷ܵĴͼ˵Ϣ
ǲ֪ȫ˶ȥˣꡣƸǶ
ȥȥɡ
һ֪ȥ֣ëëġ
лл
ѾˣҪˣһ޵Ǿǰ϶ˡ
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úӺúӣˡ
ͥͬھеһֱһһĴڣĹһֱûʲô˼סĵط
ֱǰĵԣӱµΪ״ԪҲŷʮľ֮ţȴҷӵţԼΪǵع٣ȥˡ
ϼңʮƶٽ߹أʱʱɧţûԸȥ˭֪һҲԥ
ǻڻΡ
ˣȥɽȥ
롣
˰һƸ̧Ժƽرˡ
ʹˣƸӣĿ
͵°ЩݸӹӣɨһۣﰵԾȣҴҵ
ûʲô⣬
ū澻ˡ
ˣ𣿡
һҲԼƸ񣬵ͷֻԼļ£ӵĻˡ
ģǲ֪Щ̧ԺӶװأ鱦޳УӦоУҶ˵ǳ˹еͷһأ
䣬ɺ
߰Ѽ·£Ŀһۡ
һשͷˣ˼й٣ͲʮԺյң޸֪ͥжۺ죬ԽʱԽҪС΢
ڳ¸ӾģĸҲȫǰ棬˸Ҵż͸Ĵκ͸£ˡ
ԲǴˣԺ󲻻ˡ
ôһ˵Ҳ֪еĸϵ̲סԼçײûԶ
û£´μסС
ǰԺһ¾Ѿ磬ҵ˸ո뿪Ѽ߽˹ȥ
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ĸףȻЩҵޡ
ɵ˶Ҫһ㣬㵹ãư
˼ûбЦ
߲˼Цʵ̫ˡ
ˣ㿴ԣӹʱһͷ棬Ƹ棬Ǵűȼ׼ЩһЩ޵ʱǸͷô
˰Ѷһľװϡ
򿪿
ߴӵһ˲䣬һĨ
мǸʲôʯ˵ǴӺģӨ͸ڹģϡˡ
ͷڣмȷһŸӵСʯһžͲֵ֪ΣΧǶȫϺõĺ񣬺ѪǱȲͳֻϵĺȴҲȥͷȫһͬһġ
ߣŸŮңǲڵ˼ң
ĸף⻹ء
סĺߣͷ
ÿҲǺӴɣҶ߹
һ˰͵ķȥȻԺϲʣˣӸձ㶨ڣȻǽˣҿҵӣ¸¾ҪȫŪˣﰡܾòġ
ʵ̫ˣףƸһ¶ٶֱţʼǲǳʲô飬ԼҲûҿԵǵİ
ĸףģûµģûڵģҲڵģܵóһСͷ
ᵽȫĸԵĹâ˵ҲԣҲãźӻûһܸٳһ£Ҳޡ
ȥɣϢ
ߴŶԼԺӣȲĴ򿪣ðū澼ÿˡ
ԺȥԺһҪУһˣ˼ֻ¹غܴ󡣡
Сһ𳤴ҲûѴ䵱һڼԼܻȥҺɲˡ
ԲС㡣
ʱĵȷˣҵһõżңм˱ȵϰеЩСѾҲ˵иӻںء
Ĵɲǿĸȥ
߼ĻڹˣҲûм˵ȥˡЩЩСѾͺóԵĺģһһ㡱ֹԣɲþԼСβ͡
߸ոʰͷڣʹ
㣬ˡ
߼ǱĽżİ˸ϳȥ
ôһ£Ǳĸ׿ȥá
һôС㿴
ݸߣӹһֻ֡һߵ顣
⼸ոһֱڼҵҾͰѷˣôûÿ춼ٲֻҪȥ͵óˡ
߱͸˼ֲ˼ģø˴Ͽȥˣˣһɶ
㣬ҿⱾС˵дһҲãҾдĶҪá
ִԼСóһֽݸ
㿴ǲǺܲ
ǰȷⷽе֣ԼĹǰչԼдС˵ǲǳ˵˺þҲûյЩС˵ıɷɻˡ
һһ㿴ȷǸʲô콿дĺһ㣬Ȼ벻дҹŶΣƫƫ˻дúá
дĻУֻǴӦ㣬׼дЩ߰Ķ
֪Ⱥ콿Ǹ¶ǵĻкܶ࣬Щ˼˵ͺ¼ддž뿴ôдģɳˡ
֪ģ㣬ҰдҵĵһߣȻ׬ĵһǮ͸
ȱǮԼ׬ǮԼϲ˵ĸоġ
úúãֻҪԸúõд
ЩɥڵϣſϿû
߲֪뵽ʲôոջš
ôˣ
㣬Ҳˣɲӵס
ԭΪ֮ԼԺһĸȴܣǺþöܺͽһ
ôأԺҲסڼѽ
߲֪ССô뷨
ǿɲһ
ʲô
ûʲô㡣
죬ԺҪһԸһסڼģЩ˵ʲôŮԺȥһŮ


 32 

ҹķһ˿ˬɢȡ
ϵ˰ѷ˰ԺУͼҵ
ϡļ͵°һЩꡣ
ĸףˡϷæλ
ȫԸÿ˵һƣ߼æӹȴڰ֡
찡ǵƼвˣһľ󻹲֪ʲôʱأ
⻰һȫ˶Ĭ̫̫ƫͷ΢΢ᣬʧ̬
ԴӰǴβҸоһȴû뵽ӻûйã߾Ҫˡ
˵һһæס˵˵ģٺһЩ
͵°ݺݵգգۣ˾Ʊ
˰Ѷµ˵ˣ¸³ţ˵ʲôþáҲʮ죬Ǽ˺úþһۡ
ѿĬĬķ²ԸˣֻܾҪԲٳһ죬޵Ӿûô
ҪúþһۣᣬҲҪ˵仰
Ϸ˷˴Ҷ¿ӣ
СҴģ֪һĺܣԺɷദʱ򣬲ҪţǼ⣬ʲôìúý֪𣿡
ĬĬͷһûзŹԼһҪƵͷϧˡ
ͼұȲң游һʼͼҵŮûüͼҶԼ̳Ů֪޹ȥҪТ˳ذãԼΡҲĪҪ£㣬ֻܻؼͼԶҡ
̫̫ͣЪһףЩ¶
⻰Ҳ˵밢һҲҪţ°ͰҲҪţֻҪһĵģҾɢˡ
ǣĸס
ǣĸ
ң֪ɻίЩǱһֱû˹ζһʼұȥ˺ӶǻҲˣ˾˵Ķӡ
߲֪ҺͼͼҵжԹܹʮ겻ϵ·ŮҲˡ
ĸС̵Ϣ𣿡
д˺öŵӶȥĸɺãСôһŶûУһ̡
ɣҲ⼸ˡ
ʵ̫̫Ҳ֪һЩϢǱϾûǱ֪Ķࡣ
áϢͺãѾôҲںһˡ
ҵĻ˵ˣĸ׺˵˵ɡ
ԼᣬɤӣҲûʲô˵ģߣȻĸףҵкͰһģһֻϣ޹ȥܹҸٰ֮üϱ֮ͺ
ĸף֪
߲ɾᣬ˺üǣЦ˳
ǽͺúóԣúúȣֻܺһɹࡣ
ҼǵðϲϲԣһЩ
͵°΢΢̽ÿ˶вˡǳԵĸҲˡ
͸ھһжŮ֪ԼʱܻãԼˡү㿪۰ɣһҪһкԺ
һ̸Ц֮ӹúܿ죬߶֪Լ˺öƣѾһЩ⡣
㣬Һһ˯𣿡
ֲϻԼķ䣬Ѿ⣬ڼҴ޵Ҫͽ˯һ
ã߰ɣһ˯
ʰڴϣգգԼ۾ͷżߣ۽һۡ
һЩżְɾ
㣬ôˣ
㲻֪᲻
Լ˯ʮĴŵԼϤζ˯ŵԼãŵԼŮеÿһӣÿһƿԼ۾֪
ʮ󣬾ҪһȫİĵطʶˣϤζΪ˵ЩİˣãȻֺ¡
㣬ǲǺˣڱһҵεץס
ŶԶᱣ㡣
ôСһ˫֣Ҳȱ޾û˵Ļ㣬ˣһǰһڡ
лл
߷ס֣ݸͬ
ǽ㻹𣿡
ˡ
һְֻɾ
˯ɡ
á

˽ȥһˣ˵絽ˡ
ģ߾ϲˣϵĶֱֱܹȥ
伱æȥʲôǰҲû˵
ĸס
߼ĵȥˣˣ׵Ǹʮӡ
һۣ֪ԼĴ磬Լʵ̫ˡ
۾üëһģ̳ġ
ȴŮֻǾþ¡
󡢴磿
΢Цվá
֪׳ᣬȴûмǺ͹ùõĻ߳ơۼһһ۾ϲϵġ
Ƕ໰˵ҲŴǣ˼߿ˡ
硭߲֪˵ЩʲôΪʲôԼС̵Ϣǧȴ֪Ӻ
ιǰһжżʡ
С̣ĸĲ𣿡
ĸѾˣ㲻õģιҴСùá
Ĭˣ֪Ӧô˵Сùĸһֱظһ
Сôˣ
뿪ʱԼĻңڼ˵һľͺڱƵġ
û£ˣúҸֻɷѾȥ꣬ԼһСΪ˿⣬ֻСùӦþúҸɣֻ֮ǰСùѹЩغͼ˵
Ҫ֪˼ҲˣֻҪû±ãû뵽С̾Ȼˡ
ҡʣΪʲôôЩӶû˹أ
߻˳һ֪һлһҪŪףȴĲ
֪ĸ׵Ϊʲô޸㸸𣿡
ҡͷ֪
ùúСùõʱֻһʱ䣬ҪغӶǴù˴øΥ˸Ҫ޸ҵѵϵϵ׼ٳ׼ٳ֮ˣùһ֮Ҫҹ棬͸б㽫游κ˵ֱǰ游ȥɶһЩȻҲ˹
˵Щû˵ˣ֪Ҫʱúõһ롣
Ҳʷ飬Ȼ֪ȥǣһ£Щ壬ֲúٳǵӰԭʱ㶨¹صϵԶ볯ãŮ
ԭˡҲ֪ǰԼַ辢Լĸ˰
ιϲûй̫࣬ùѾҵˣȻҲûʲôϵΪǰϵ
ãǣ㲻
뵽֮ǰ游ĸĶ׶ĵģͺԹǣļУоֹͲǵĸƣֻ´ùòǳô򵥡
Ҳ֣Ҿ͸ˡ
Ľڽˣĸ鿴һĻһܸ˰ɣ


 33 

ǳ˫ҶϸüƤ͸һĨˮ죬Сɵ˫մһĨ޺죬ƽһ˿ġƻͷڳĵñԡķˡ
˵ļͷɫ˿һһĹճһֻչɵķˣ۾Ѫ˲ϸ߹š
桢ÿ
̵˿ˣĿ۾Ҳ᲻գһ¡
ͷַӦæѸͷŽ
ҵĺùۿʱҪˣȥݱĸ˰ɡ
ֲˣΧŵ˺¾ŵ
׵Ϸ˺ˣ²ף˵ɫ̫ãƺûкúϢ
һһУ˵ϣɢŮ߰ݱĸףĸס
һݳٳٲ̧ͷ΢΢ĲϷ˿̲סλվ
ߣҵİߣԺĸͲչˡ
ˮһһȥϵᡣ
ĸģ߻úõġ
һԵֺżıʱѾˡ
Ϸˣʱ쵽ˣʹˣϸͷɡ
͵°ʮ꣬ĺͷߣԶļҡ
ͷݣ͵°ûסˡ
ߣ߰ɡ
ˡ
ֲĸ첲ǰ
˵ʱӦɼи米ţǼ͸û͵ӣЩΪѡ
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˳һͷ󺰣ſ
һڵĳ£ɫ·ϣ񷢹ׯأԵͥٸͻüĿǴЦˡ
л硣
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˵ͥҲʦֵܣֻû뵽ٴμĳ
ͥñ㽻ˣãҲġ
֪ͥ
ߵ΢΢ļϣͥоĲȵİǰ棬Īģһжá
ʵ̫ˣͺûһ˼һҪúõС
ְãͥͷһ۳Ķ飬ָ̧ķ򣬡
һ˺ƺƵǰ
ӭ׶СӣרŷϲǮϲǡ
ͥе̧ͷһۣȻǺơ
ңңһ̧֣ϵЦúסƱҧݰѾƺ˽ȥתžİѾƱӵ˵ϣͥͥ
֪ͥﻹʵıߣҪһŮˣװĵֱ̹˭˾һҲֻԼСŻᱻƭ
ѽСﱻԼؼˣԴϱҲû˿ƭˡ
뵽ﱻˣͺƯĵҵԼķˣԼЩΣлʱԼܹΪһʱ֮ĴĮϻȻͲȢ

ڣˣˣ
úúãҳȥ
ڼæȣȥ֡
ĸͱȥˣͥϱ
׼æסͬ⡣
ɩͲܻϱ֪˻ô룬Ҳ˵أ
ڱλãӾֲ
ĳ䲻˵˵ˣ浱Сˡ
׼ʱͣλõ˽š
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ҴȥĮûĮķɡ
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ݸá
޶԰ݡ
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ͥ
ŴйȥѾɵúúúһСɩȢҲ˲ٵæ
һޣҵ̫ˣú롣
عùýһͨҲ˵˰Լйȥʵôһ¡
ҹǲ顣
һ
յǰǰָָ˵ɱǻֱȥˡ
ͥ˳ſȥھƣϴЦһ˿ѹžƱ˹
ףү
̹ͥȻһ
үɵغöȻָͶˡ
ͥһҪɱˡ
֪ΪʲôǶ
ͥյߵƽҧأɫ䡣
˺Ⱥãȸˡ

߱Ž˷䣬ΪиͷʲôҲУڴϽŵĿָ
ٷ˶ӿɶˣӶūΪ׼˳ʳҪЩ
΢΢ҡͷú𽷸ˡǧһҪһ㶫عأϳԡ
ٷǲһӶū澵ģٷϧ
ҲбôЩӣ֪Լ𷣡
߿һ˫һϲӣݵͷ֮¡
ðɡ߰ѸͷƵ棬ӹ룬̧ͷһܣ˶ˡ
߶һİŮΪԼڷ
˷һЩЩ˺ɫ͸һģһǻƿеĵ㣬ҲԼϤζ
⡭
ЩǹӷԸõģԸūתٷˣһغ¡
ʳ͸봫ݵУһ¿ڣζҲԼϲԵһģһ
ϲǳǶǼҵ𣿡
ǵģӷԸ˰ѳӴ˻ٷ˿ϲǲϲĶ
ϲﵴһСѣһһڵĳˡ
ͷҲУ˱֪˼ûа׷ѡ
ںﻹһأٷʲôʲô
ӹ룬һ뿪ˡֻд͸޹֣ԼϤ˼Ҳ࣬¸ǻԼĸͷ
ҹ˽ˣ֮ҪгŹ졣
ּԼⲻһ䡣
Щ߶ףֻɬҹĸ׻ݸһСᣬڻױѹš
Ҫȥɩء
СС㣬ټɣԣˡ
Ҫ
һ֣ʾȥһ£ոմһСӰ͵ײײܽȼ߷ӦһСſϥϣ˫ֹԹԵĽţСԴսһ˫۾գѽգġ
߱һ
С˱ȥ
ٷˡСС֪
µúܡ
£ɡ
С˦˵֣ûдչȥˡ
ɩÿҴ绹ÿҿ𣿡
֮ǰ˽ССƾҶүСŮ
áиӲƴڻȫˡ


 34 

ͥոߵſԼĻ鷿һСӵȻԤϣǸС
磬
߼æãŵֱʿˮ
ԣҴɩòã
СһЩ⣬ۿžҪˡ
һֱҪСûˡ
粻׼ƭˡ
Һʱƭ
Χ⻰ͷЦһиͷȻǶˡ
ССȥҲȥɡ
ϸĽŲûˣһƬ߸оԼ
ͥ߹ȥڴϣ˫ץסԼϥǣһתҿĺͷ
ߵʹͷҿ
ߣҡǺȽưɡ
á
վԱ߸˸Եһƣݸͥ
·ͻȻ˶Է˼˾Ĭԣ꽻ƺ˿ŶԷͻȻЦ˳
Цʲô
ͥѱӷһߵСϣЦЦžͿˡ
ЦԼһ˫۾һ۾㡣
ͥһ֪Ϊʲôܾڵļߺеļһġ
۾Ҳûйϵһȥġ
ϵźСԱߵС棬ùļޱߵһͷּͥһͷƴٷŽһɫĺɰᷢΪޣɡ
ͥס֣§ԼĻȱһǵ
ߣлл㡣ллԸ޸ҡ
ǿг
ҵ
ǿг
ҵ
΢˱׼ϴĹߺǰһѱϣֻˮ˺üȻûнˣۿٲҪ˾ʱˣ׼ֱӰѹѡ
𽼰ʱסλְٷ˻δֲҪż
С￴ȴˣһ㶼ѡ
ٲѣٷʱֻ²á
һٵֻ»ᱻ˵Ŀˣ͸ûн̳һˡ
Եȡ
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ͥľˣҲ֪Сۣǿ˯һļġ
ϼ̫ˣҹ˲˯ͥʵǿ޵Ҫȥֻһ϶Ҫ˯ˡ
ֻǲ֪Լֻ±Ͽ޵ĻҪңڴκεطޡ
ߣߣһ˯ȥݹ
üͷԸۣȫûһطǺõģ۾Ҳ΢΢ʹ
ʲô
͵ۣˣɲܳˡ
ʲôʱˣ
ɤۣ˵˻Ƴƣһ㶣Լϵķһһ渡֣ҧһ仰ҲԸͥ˵ˡ
öҪ޳ͥæοû£ü
𽣬źٷˡ
ںˣһߣ롱
ûĿһۣѾ
һԼСҰף۾ͨ죬ͺƣۣвɸһ˿ۡ
үǵģ֪ϧŵһ϶Ūʲôˡ

ոպͱ˺ݺݵɨһۣʣµĻȫضϡ
ӦøĿˡ
ǣٷˣɡ
ֺʹױ̨ǰһһͷȥϺʵΡ
߼мԼʹױܿ㲣һЩ죬ɫࡣ
ҵķŪ𣿡
ͥϴ˼߱ϣֵֶ΢΢
ȥȫŪĲˡ
㲻Ҫҵˡ
ֻǱһ۳־ͺ³ǰģԺô졣
ҿûУҵˡ
ͥǣ߳˷䣬֪˽Ų㵽ٰԺ
һȻһ·ͥѾ˵ýţǲܿԼǿƹԼ˵Ǽһ棬ڻһֲʵУȻĳΪϱˣ
ǵˡ
ѻ׼ˣһ˰ЩȫϣȥǰԺ
ݼڡ
߸ոʹȥͱ
һת͹ȥɱҸǰ
߲Ŀһͥ΢΢ͷʾġ
΢ͣϹԼԹɵ΢ЦֻԼ֪жš
úӣˣ㿴СҰ׵ġڲͬĿһͥǿž۸˼С
ܻǻܺⱭˡ
ڰְ֣Ѹո׼Ķ
ЩʱһЩС⣬ȥ
߽ӹӣĽˡںĺܲһԼĸһͰûһҵİ
ˣȥĸȻͻȥϢϢɡ
ۣСһͱڵĹңµͿôۻһ۾ͿһҪ밲ⲻΪ˼
ͦǣٰ߳ãɫѾʱǰ㽩Ӳĸа취
ҶĸǼΪƵˣӣ㶼ˣûʲôúúµġ
ڼҲȷûʲôúµˣֻ·ʵЩԶ߼˫ȾĲУֻͣЪЪ
ͻȻڻŵһ飬ϽΧߵһʾԼҪ
ԼȻҪеˣģ·ûʲôˣҲ˵ʲôҪҾͰ
۵ȻǱ˵Ҳûϵɡ
ĻװԼʲôҲ֪
֮ͥ·ã߽˽ȥ
߼塢ĸ
úӣ°ɡ
߸˵ĶүųжȣƷи߽࣬Ϊֱռһ۽ǵ·˵һˡ
Һף»졣
лĸ
ߴӴóһСľУݸһͰͲס͸Сϲϲ
ýԼĻûе򿪣Ц÷ǳɰɩʲôҶϲϲɩÿ
С˵˿˿ģ߶ϲһЩ
ǾͲˣȥɡ
Ƿദ죬Ҳġ
ǸûôĹأÿ·ᵽĸԲƽҲʰԺӶԼСʲôԼԸСá
ͥһһԽԻĸ˵ĺܲһûԼҹضࡣ
С
ǣһˣڿѵԶܳԼϲģǻҲ̫û˼ˡ
кߵŮǶ书ñ㣬ദһʱòʱ㻻ˡ
ô˵ƫͷһһī̵ü۹˳ºͣǿϰ֮ˡ
ͥ뵽˵ѾļˣӾԻǶôĵطȼ͸


 35 

ڼ߼޽֮ǰͥѾź˳ӣרϲԵĶ
˻صԼԺ緹Ѿںˣ϶ǼϲԵĶ
ʲôԵֱӺС˵Ժеǰڹܡ
վһźվ
Ժ
ּɻһӹԺӣҲҲڶˡ
壬Լͷ˽͡
ˣԺе˺ŮӣһЩϴӣʣµıȫӣҹܵͦõġ
岻˼Լͷ񶼿ˣ˼޽ŴһЩСˡ
ûźĴѾ𣿡
ûУҲûͨѾߡ
ȿȿȡ⻰ܿƵĿ˼
ҪѾԼþͺãԺ鶼
緹վһʳͥһѽ˾ڴߵСϿ
ɾ䣬ˮһСǵһοͥϽ˶⣬Ũҹûһ˿С
ÿ𣿡
ͥսߵǰ΢΢ͷеĽһͷĶͷ
һ㣬һΧҵͷ㲻Ҫ۸ҡ
Ҳ۸㡣
ͥѽӸ壬߽ӡ
𣿡
ͥбŰѼ§ţɫĶͷ岻ãе㵫ǲǷˡ
еˡ
ͥϵζܺţݲеĴҲеѩأģǰ˯ˡ
ͥͷʾһű̺Ǻã˶ȥ
Ĳż紵ӣá
ߣѡ
ʱ䵽ˣͥѣó緹ˡ
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ЩϲԵģ緹㻨һϢһ£̫ɽҴ丮Ϥһ¡
ͥһ߸Ҩһ߰ļƻ˵˳кܶĵطӦûϲ
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ÿɰģ
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˳ָҲͥˣߺĺǿġ
ɩɩ
ǣһֻĹֱ߽˷䣬ŵü߲г
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ƺ֪ߺǹͷĹͷڶȳȥ棬һٽŶ
Ĳû䵹ļ亹Ҫˡ
ڳ˷䣬һѻúÿһ£û²㰲ˡ
ˡ
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ǰѻȥɡ
С󣬱ŻĻһ㲻ƣۣոհѻڵϣڶͳȥصĽţһһצӴͷϡ
Щĺڶ˳ͥ䣬ѻ
ͥʾٿһڶſڻԱߣΧһȦģһҲ֡
ڶϲ
ԵİɩԺ԰ѴŻͺڶһ𣿡
ܾǰһ棬Ǵ˵δɩСҪԸСŹܲһ档
԰ҪӦңһ˴棬дߺòã
Ȼèܹԣʵ̫СˣһʵǺܲġ
ллɩ
߹ȥ׵ϣһֻŻĶӣһֻźڶͷڶԺԺͻһ㿪𣿡
ڶö˻һ̧ͷſڵŻ档
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̾һϺڶȥˡ
һһ档
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ʢĵͣͰں˱ߺܿ˯ˡ
ͥԼ۾һСӣ˵Сƭӡĵ˯ˡ
ȵ˯Ѿûˣ̫Ҳһˣ΢΢죬˯Ҳ̫ˣоԼͱˡ
ٷˣˡ
źţͽˡ
أ
طˣе£һͻūź𴲡
߸ոŪͥˡ
һɣ֧
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߰ɣҴǾͲøˡ
뿪ȻԼǴû뿪С㡣
һ֣Ҳȥ·Ժ˷ԸҲط
ЦҪǰС
Ļ԰ܴ˻ڵĶУΪŮ˵İòͬ˻вҩԼ
߿ʱ򻹲ţԼǰȥʱǵȷһ
ҷֳ˼С飬ÿС滹Լˡ
ǣ
游ģ游ģǵģǶģҺͶܵĻû꿪ҾͿˡ
ͥ˳⼸һˮ
ʲô𣿡
߷֣ÿһľ϶˺ӵ֣ѵǼ崫ͳ
ţһܳܳĹˣ֮ٺ˵
ͥǰߣԺһܴǧװεĺǺÿߺܸȤ
ߣһЩСȥ𣿡
ͥһԼЩСɰȥ
ŻͺڶĿɰ߶ЩСڴͥ͵԰
һ߾˸ֶĺУףèè
֪һֻ˼֣ͥʿˮ˵
㡢С


 36 

һֻϻڵϣһ˫ֱֱͫɨпᡣ
ͥСɷ֪ŵˣǰ
ֻϻǸɽʱֵģʱСһֻˡ
⡢ֻҲǣ
߸ǰߣֿһֻϻǰһֻС࣬ͨѩףǲˡ
ҵġ
ǣֹһֻ߲ˡ֪Щʲôأ
ĸġ
ĸٿһۣǵȷǡĸͲǣⲻǵ˰
ɣĸŻŮʱ򻹸游ϹսǾļױ֮һ
˲紫ǰ㣬ľ֪ˡ
ɫԽԽͥҲû¹ˡ
һһԲ
ϯٰãʱ˱ȥˡ
ߵʱ磬Էʱ仹һΣڰн
ߣͥǺһ齫ҺĲˡ
ĸһһȻᣬǲͨϵ˭Ǹֻ֣½Ҫˡ
Ͳ
ˡ
ͥոӳһƣ˷ܵȷԼƣȷˡ
ߵ
ЦеĿһۣ߲˼ҡͷҰˡ

Һֺˡ
߲Լһֱҵûô˹
ڱ죬˲ˣҪԷ
߰ɣַߣͷЦŰοһ¼ߣġ
𣿡ߺ֪Ͳˡ
ûУڿɸˡ
ھǵ˵ദôպǴ֣ദ治Ҳķˡ
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ǰ߽ҼԵĵһԲҺϲʺǼҡ
˵⻰ʵе飬˵˾佫֮ңŮɱУûʲôĳǵһŮӣϣӦɡ
ͥȢҲģʲôʱȢأҲǻˣɲ˹ȥˡ
ĸĸѾ׼ˡ
˵ĻԼľͶµģ˹Ҳ꣬Ǹóˡ
ǱãǴҾͳ԰ɣ궯ꡣ
ҳԷҲǡʳԡһ˰ʲôȤ˵Ҳһǹ֮ңЩƽͨͥһ
극Ҿɢˣͥż·ʳյҹշǳƯǹҹĻ
о𣿡
ܺãҼ޽֮ǰĺܶ඼һ
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ﲻҪ£һúñ㣬ǺͶߵǲͬ·ӣ֣ศɣھˣǾȥߡ
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ãܺãҲܺá
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ͱĹϵá
ɲü֪Լ߻ģЩĲãֻˡ
Ů𣿡
ӦûӹǺˣǿ졣
ŮǾ͸ˣ߷Ը׼˾һЩζСԣ͵ǹˡ
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ᵽǸŬЦøһЩе˶ݡ
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ʲôϲԵ𣿡
Ҳ֪ô룬ֻͨˡ
ŬЩ˼ȷʵЩˡ
⡱
ãǽվͳԿ⣡
ӣʣԵģշ˺׼Կ⡣
Ǳ㶼Կɣȥ߷˰ɡ
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£ҲþûˣҪǴ¾һ԰ɣü﹤ȫһ
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նԸʹ졣
߷Ը˿ʼ׼Ժں˹߲ϣ͵ˡ


 37 

ר򣬶ǼСᣬ۶֭ʺϿԡ
߼߸ոշԸȥС˾׼ˡ
ٷ˵һδͣɲ
ɱõ˿ϣᵽԺ
̼̼⼫㣬׼ϺõҰۺͣеϷľϡ
ٷˣһЩ߲ˣ⴮ͼȣҪź򣿡
СеĲ϶׼ãտʱҪź˼Լֱһζ
һ˾ͺá
߿һ£һô³һֱȽϺá
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ͥ˳ſȥŬ飬չСһչ
һˡ
תٹעǣŬڵĲսܣʱؾʱܶ˶⣬Լ˵ҪȢǱ׺ݺݳ˺üƤޣɿˡ
һ㲻ŬЩˣ˵֮˺ܲġһҲΪͥŷĴ
⼸߲˴Ѿˣȳԡ
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㰡ͼⲻһζһЩζҲء
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лл
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ŬѱӹĹһȦһȦתܡ
лл顣
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ԺԽЩýһûУԵرࡣ
ǣҪˣֻֻˡ
ˣվӣﵹѾ׼ãǲ֪û©һȥ
һӦﶼǰŹģð߿ҲһЩ
Ǹ׵ģԶɽĻǸĸ׵ģϺõǸõģǸĸġ
һһ˵ġ
㻹һˡ
˭
͸ôˣӦ©Ŷԡ
δĵܵܡ
ӣҲˣһЩġ
ãͷҾͷԸ׼ˣհĴһȥ
ĴǹеһλϹүİӹºһֱ
˵λĸƽļָһЩ
ллҡ
֮䣬صлĸлҡ
ͥڼ߶ߵĶѸٳѪ
㣡޳ܣ
˵Ļ˻ô֪ԼױڵǱ飬ȻЩ˵Ķ
ɲ޳ܣ֮䣬ˡ
ͥ۾΢΢ϷʵЦ
ûĿһۣƽ˵Щ
ͥûк˵ЦҹĻҪ֮¡վǹӣͥδãȻֻջᱻԼ˷ۡ
ٷˣմʲô
նڼ˵һӣúúװźãĸҲӡ
⸱ɡ
ָָǸ򵥴󷽣ʺϡ
ٷˡ
ַãķټϲ
ٷ˻ü
ͥϸݣԼ޽֮ǰڵһ죬һЩüʣһ뵽һգЩʱĵȴֵõġ
ĺܺðǰ˭أ
ŨŨĴŵͥġ
ߣⱲӣֻ㻭ü
ҡ֪ˡ
ֱ߲۾Ҫ̽ȥ
ĸײĸٰݻԺȥɡ
á
˳緹ˡ
Ǽ߳׺һγţƿӿ˼̻ľЩˡ
ô
͵°Լ·ھ￴һ׵һǰ߻ţ̫ˡ
ܺˣô
ԼĴӣºˮ
㲻Ҫ̫ˣǧҪӲš
֪
һأȻֵػ
Ҳ֪Ŀɺá
ģպúá
ʰúԺš
ˣү͹үˣ
Ūһ͸Ͻͨǡ
߰ɣˡ


 38 

㣡Һ㣡
֪Ҫľſڵţͱס
֪Ҳ㡣߰οͷһߣü
򡣡
úãС
˼վڼԱߣֲϷſܾǰ֪ͽܰ䣬վһȻ䡣
Ѿˣǿȥɡ
һۣһ߽˼͸
ĸĸôˣ
һһʣȻų죬ȴѾȥܾˡ
޺ұȥ˴ȰԺĸһжãֻĸ㡣
ĸܹȥԱվЯǰ
ͥݼסĸס
ͥһͬڵϣԱŮ˲衣
úӣˡ
͵°˷ԼŮüĿЦɫҸͥȷ
ͥȥ壬ðĸס
͵°ͥЩǣ֣ͥŮ͵°ʲôġ
ߣô
ĸףһжãĺܲһ
һһ˵ɫ٣ȷ
ߣĺñãʲôίĻһҪңǾվߡ
ĸףǰһˣΪѰô
û뵽λԴ˺ΪΣҲ˵⡣
𽣬ȥ
ʮѾףӿӲʡ
ͼ
ٷ˲ˣϷӦġ
ɫߣպԼĹߣȲѯԼˡ
̥ô
˲ģһжãǿܽӦþ˱ƽǡ
Ļ˶һƽá
л䣬ȥϢɡ
ĸںúñоͺãһ˳
Ÿո˵Щӽûһ㼣͸¶Ա𣬵ԸԼɡ
ͥүôˣ
ףĮߣδܻμҺͰߵĳԲߡ
͵°ⷬ۹οȷһС̣ͥҲˡ
һ˲˵һ塣
Ͱں̣㡣
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Сųģ˳һЩݣȡ֮ˡ
ž
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ϣס˵Щ㸺۵Ҳȥ
֪
׺գˡ
͵°һۣ̲סЦԼǸʲôˮƽ֪֮ģͥľھбҳƵˮƽҲΪˡ
ˣ岻̫ãЩ庮һҪලúóҩҲҪ̫żЩѣĸȥұҲ˵䡣
֪ͥ
ЩѾЩ˽⣬еĴҲ˵ģֻҩһϲζҪúôźá
ʲôأ
߳ҩ
ͥһ·Ӧʱ͡
͵°ִӵһ٣ȵķӦڵλá
μ͵°ͥӡһЩұ£ԣȷɳΪ֮ӡ
߰ɣĸŮӦ̸ĲˣҲȥĸ
ǡ
ǹ߼æӭվͥСûΪɣ
û£͸塣
ȿȿȣߣ˵ʲôСأ
߱ͣⲻǵֻǸǸա
ˣĸѾǺܾˣȥɡ͵°ӻǸϿߡ
׺˵һЩʲôˣ
˵СʱܵƤһСкһ
ôʲô˵
ڼûеˮ֮ǰȷһƤӣСϲġ岻ֻܴԼСԺÿպҩӲ
ô˵˵㲻ҩһҪԱ߿š
šûС
ԸҩǺܾǰˡ
ͥģҾ֪ôһСһӵĴѾһúóҩġ
ʲôʱ鰡
ողŰѻ˵ȥûô챨ӦˣĲҩˡ
ǰ㲻֪ʱ򡣡
ͥؾ˴̽Ϣ֪岻ãȥѰƷĴҲ˾ֻʱҶ֪ᷢʲô
Ҫúóҩ֪𣿡
֪
һֱʱԵҩڼܷ˵İĹ֢֮Ѿǰࡣ
ݼĸ
ͥǶҺúÿǡ
Ϸһһˣɫʮ꣬ʶ˵ļɻеġͥаߵģʱʱ̶̿ϡƹĺٲܲȥأʮӷ檵ļҹ棬һ׮ϺõԵ
ͥڿɻã
ĸĸһаãأ
ãȥݼڡ
ˣϷźôһڼ߸ƣƼһ򲻺á
ͥ׼߷ˮ
߲˼ķһƣһѾӮˣȫͥŵڡ
ĸûиˮ
ͥĴһ򣬿żᡣ
ߣҺôõ齫һ֪
ʾͥǲҪˮˣԣⲻǷˮֱйˡ
ߵƼգ
ͥİʾˮҲûϵԼӮͺá
ϷˣūͨһԳ緹ˡ
ѾѽӲִƣּæվϷˣ齫ȥС˽Ҫˡ
߰ģӦϰˡ
ߴӶûˣĸǮҲˡ
Ҳģҵȷϰˡ
ͥԼӮǮȫøߣЩӣĸҲҪˮӮ㱣š´δ齫ңҰ㡣
һһ𣬿³ֵοȻദʱ䲻˶⣬鲻١
ߣһ극ͥȥԺϢһ£Ͳˡ
õģ
ߵԺͥҲϤصԼʮĵطкǸп
ͥ磬ǲǼסҷĲ֣
·Լͬȷ࣬ü߶ݡ
ţҿ㵨ôСϤĵطûô¡
лл
ͥۿ΢Ҫ˵ӡ
׼ޣԺҲޡ


 39 

ڷСƬ̣ȥйһ¡
ߴ˹仨԰͸󣬵һСĺܺá
ǺǴ磿
߽һȷ
ʦ֡
硱
̰ںãЦЦĿͥǺþûһˣ

һֹأ˶˼֮ˣ֮̽Է˼
ܾͥûغӶ˰ɣ游㡣
֪Ȱߵӣһȥʦ
ֱͥɫ֮䲻٣ȻҪ߻ȥң˻ӭ
Ҫȥ
ǣͥӣȻҪȥ游ĸ磬˵𣿡
ߵĸѳңһֱӱ峤ҲȥڣȻüĸТ
ˣұںӶǷ޶ˡ
ȥеѹȣԼãԼ԰ĻغӶˡȻ֪ԼûжͥκεѹѾԼˡ
һֱˣǵ̸һԼȥӶĸ׿游ĸС̣ĸԸҲ˰ɡ
ˣµĺܿģߣȥݼһ¹ùðɣʱѾٽޣûлᣬڴȥɡ
õģ磬ҲҪȥݼĸס
СԺǼ͵°᲻޽͵°ȥ˵ټؿСԺסСԺһֱȥ
ĸǰסĵطλãĻ񡣡
СԺܸɾʱ˹ɨֻ˾סǹһЩ
ŻͷҲͬһ㡣
ҵķͥҴҺܺãԷˡǴ磬һҲɣҪģһúþТġ
ͥǸţҲЩƣϵ˻ǵķˣĵȷֻǸһЩܷϴСݵˣҲ־ᶨ֮ˡ
ĸףģһúչ˰ߡ
ãҺ͹ùõһ𣿡
߿һͥͷ˳ȥ
֪Ҫĸ˵һЩʲôҲ
вɱĴһЩȻ
û£ĸ;˾һЩĸװɡ
ͥȷûв´ȷΪһЩü
ӻóһźһСľУľһֻ򵥵ľѾЩͷˡ
ùãǸҴģ˵㵱뿪ʱˡĸµһš
óǷţĬĬˡ͸̣񿴼˵Ĺùã¸ҵˡ
磿
ãұҪغӶȥˣںӶǡ
Ժ˸ǣҲû뵽ôҪ뿪
ңҲҡ
ûи˵ҵֱ뿪ˡȻûòһǶԼ͵°Թġ
ǻذɣһȥӶġ
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ɫҲ˴Сһ仰û˵ֻżߵֲɿ
һᣬͷο
͵ȥòã
ãĸ֮ұȥ㡣
סͲۿᣬǿŲͥǽԼһһ
ÿеʱ档
߰ɰߡ
ϳǰĿſڵļˣת뿪ˡ
ߣô򿴿״ãԺҲóҩˡ
һЦⶼʮҩˡĻвúҩһ
ã֪ôǲܷϾҪΪӣһӺһŮ
߼޽ĵһϣͥͰԼµвҵ˼ߣǼ߻ûкúõĿýû£á
ͥ˽˵ׯӱлһǻʵ۴µġ
ׯ
Ǳ´µģ羰ãȪҴȥơ
״ֻͣ˲СĹ͡
ׯأµıһЩӣʽĶУҲ˲ٵӣĶࡣ
ȫˣû˽
ԼҵҲһЩ˽ǮҲ࣬ƽʱԼͰЩĸײС
ûˣȫҶˣҪЩǮˣһˣȥﶼҪһ𣬴Ӧҡ
ͥڴ§һյ֫˸˸Ŀ̵߰˵ƽͥ˵ģԶҪ
ãͱһСˣװҵĺɰ
ǹüۣǼ⣬ԼһĨԶᡣ

ɢһأ֤һϵĴ
ڶԹ緹ͥλ뵽СԺλţǽϵĸʥ֣Ҳǻ˴󹦷
Ŵ׾Σ
ŴʰԼĶͥе档
Сү˵Ĺ֢֮Ѿ࣬Ȼиڼ䣬ţ⺢ҲżЩ㣬ӻһЩȵһ꣬ҲҪꡣȸ˿ҩΪһƳ̣֮ٸݾƳ̸
лԴһҩܷ裬ҩ𣿡
һ𺦣Ƿ˲ҩһЩζĵľͿɡ
ͥЪ˼һ궼ãҪð߲УⲻܹƵġ
Դһи֮룬ʵıҩ
ԴˬһЦܹ⣬Ͼ˭
ʶˣеģһҰѷһд
л
Դͥת
Ըոմ뿪񲻰ڿ鲻⣬Īǲˣ
Դô˵
߲ˣͥס궯ָơ
ϢһϢʲô
áϢɡ
ֻҪ굽һ㲻ٺҩˡ
ģ
ڿԲúҩ
ǻϢأ
һǵҩ裬Ҫˡ
ֳ߰ؿڣʲôϢ
ͥװʹһࣺǻϢˡ
ʲô
ǵĺҪȰˡ˵̫С
ûϵкӱá
߷ֻһѣûϵԼҪ׼кӵ
ɽͥĻĿţǻǿǿţΪ޾İģٵȵףҲҪһʹˡ
ͥḧڷһ֮Ҳü߻УŮ֮䣬ǿԣϣԼİԶҪվ֮Уһ뵽һӣҲԼ˹ͬѪҺļͲķۣһŮüۣԸ񣬶Լİһ


 40 

ߣ̫һۣҰҲϡ
ͥһ̱̽ߵǰÿһּ̫ӣ̫ıʼ
̫
š
ʰ׵ǰԼָͷԡ
ϸɢޱߣɫĶ׺ĶߣͥûסĲŪһ¡
ţ
߸ܵɻĲͷ
ָͥϸ۵ָ΢΢죬Լɼָӡ
ڵʲô
û¡
ѹǣҲԼ˰ɡ
̫Ӹ˰쵽鷿ָָԼҲҪȥ
ǵģˣ롣
ͥס֣ƣģһҡ
̫Ӷϣģǵ¡
ߵԤϣ̫ӳֱֱ߹ǺһԵͥ
߼ƣԼɼ䣬ӵͥһ¡
£
ͥס̫ͣסǰãȥ̫ġ
ǣ¡
תȥ̫
Ȼһ㵽ʲôȻҪԼȰο
ոߵԺǰӭ˳
С㣬ȥ̫ɣ
δʱźŵѾߣһش󷽣ڿۿ죬Ѫ˿ֻķʲô顣
ôˣ
Լȥɡ
߼æܽͷһᣬս֡
㣬㡢ôˣ
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Ѿݵ࣬˫ĿĻһ磬һͻ뿪䣬Ǹ󷽵ûһ˿֮
΢ǿһ˿Цˡ
΢ĬĬɢĳ·ʲôҭס˵
ǲЦ㲻ҪЦˡ
⻰Цʧȸոո԰һЩǸЦͺķȫ
ôˣ
ߣؼˣؽϡ
ĿǰĴ񿴼˽ϵĵ꣬ϵĻ
㡭
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еģкӵġ
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ˡ
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̫𣿡
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ǿˮµ
һ㷢Լ岻ʣҽϣ˵Сˣ͵͵ҽ̫ӵĶԻ岻ӣУҲסȻºӱûˡ
ǻǰ̫ҽרΪʲô
Ұ׵һ˿Ѫɫ̫ӣҽ˽
̫һ֪飿
ǣ޾ԣҲ촹һӣˣϧˡ
ǡôӣ
̫ӣôһ̫أұҡ
²Ը𣿡
࿴۾ͷ
㣬Ǻαأ̫Ըġ
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ԣԣո˵һǾ˵пܡ
˵ȥҴҽһκõġһϵҽ㿴һõġ
ߣᡭ
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͸һ˿תͷ¡
뿪ɡ
ǡ޵飬ҪԼĵ£߲֪ͬһǿȴ񿴵һҪĺӣЩȫһ֮䡣
ͥ磬Һѹ
߱޵ĴõһˣôమΪûа취ӣҪֿ
ѹ²֣㲻˵𣿻ϣģһȥԴ
ͥһֱ֪飬ֻû뵽ô̫Ӿ֪̫ô֪
ֻĲʱ׶εܱסӣ֪̳װγȥ
̫Ӵ飬һֻⱲӶˡ
ͥż߻˸Ϣ
ڴϣŽЩͥƭԼô죿ǲпܣԼҲûа취ӣ
ͥ磬ʵĿ԰𣿡
ǰûа취ܵ䳰ȷİۣЩûϵڣҪͥӣǺԣΪҪһ˵ĺӣһϣһġ
ɵѾͷҿûƭ㣬ģԴɲ򵥣˵ܺܺá
ͥıǺСһһ˯ˡ
ŵ뿪˷䣬ŵݸһš
ӣǹүģּٻؾˡ
ּǽµģҲǽŵġ
֪ˡ
ͥõһŷдǡϱԣдߵġ
ţҪʲô
ҵأ
ֻһ⡣
ַͥˣȻ˶ϱ˶
ͥŷ
ͷȥ鷿⼸ջĹ
㿴Ƿţеļû뵽дŸԼ
ϱ
޸ҼǸСӣڲõȢϱˡ
Ц˳ֻ֪Լùãû뵽ô档
СͲϲ˵ϲͱ棬ʲôҲ˵Ȣһǳڰڴǵļ棡
ÿ϶Լİ˵Ҳǻˣż밲ͥͷ
߰պ÷Žľϻ׼һЩԵģͥ͵鷿
ٷˣ
׼ȥͨס
ãͽȥͺá
׼뿪鷿Ŵˡ
ߣĥīɡ
á
߰Լţ¶ϸеָϺõĻīĥţרעʲôҪ顣
һֱҸʲô
ͥӳԼһֱŰҲܺãЩÿ
дŻ˵ʲôˣ
û˵ʲô˵ڴǵļ档
Цһֻ͵ȵè䣬ԼСܲ˵


 41 

ɩҿԽ𣿡
ԼСƨװģã۾ơ
ɣ
ƿţյܵǰŽſʲô
ɩ·𣿡
ϰ˲ͬĲϣߵȷѡ׼ͥһ£һЩǰ¿ԲοǼһһġ
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Ϊʲôѡѽ
ΪˣһŶ
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ǣٷˡ
ҪԼѡǿ鲼˵ֱ
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ԵİҪߴòãǵܡ
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ãɩ֪
ʵߵ߻ҲãһµҲѡ
һ뿪ˡ
»ͥ㲻ÿˡҲ֪æЩʲôڳвδְȷӰ
óһ˳ߴ磬Ĳü
߻һüãͥҪˣĵĲغá
ոշźã˽
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еļԽ˵Խ˷ܣڿ԰ɽ󽻳ȥˣΪĻ㾡ľ
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عӣٷڿ˱
ͥûͨĴţһӵ˱СǱûˣ̧ۿʱк񿴵˾ǣͰ͵ġ
뿴Ͳ˰ɣ
ҲãֻЩ˻᲻ƭҡ
ŤŤԼĲӣ˱÷
Щ㲻õģרŹҪʲô쳣ֱͨ

ͥ͸СԺƵģɿɰ£Ħ
֪ģԼ˽Ȼ࣬ÿһһʮĺж
֪飬ʥڻʵ۸ҵȨֻδһ˷ǰ
ͺҲ𣿡
ǲǣʿ
͵۾ֻͥ˵һ䡰ܺáܡ
˵ûϵ𣿡
ӦԽ֪źãƵ˵ˡ
ҵӣҲǵӡ
ҲʲôܣĺӳԺͻΪһʿߣҲеģڴ沢ټҲʿ
߽ܵĳ̫ҪĻΪʲôΪÿ׼ʿأ
ôţԾҲ˳
ͥĦһͣĶ֪һرйɱ֣Ķ֣˵Ҫأ
㡢ǰҲ𣿡
ţһЩССְˡ
һѹôСĺӾҪܵЩ˺˳ɹˡ߲ԼҲûľͷ
ģǵĺӻúóġ
ԺҲս𣿡
ţǱģһƽġ
ڵһһһսģѪȾҵľ죬ҵڡ
ߴԼַۡ
㾡ȥһڼúõ㣬úǵļҡ
𣿡
ͥɹƭȢֱҲ֪޽Щı֪޽ҵζʲôٹͬʱҲʧȥԼɷ
ҲǺӣҼ޸㣬ȫһսұڼģ𣿡
ǣһ
ͥûôһ̾Լ˨һ𣬵Լ֮Щǹǰ㲻ܴǰһˡ


 42 

⼸߱ȥѧϰܼ֮ԼԺǼ¡
ߴԼС˼̸֮ͥ˵ʲôֻýԼе˼۵һһ֮ϡ
µӱˡƽ֣õͬɫߣϸ
ͥ磬ֻԸһƽƽ
ɩ𣿡
⼸ÿ춼棬ͣˣѻһߣܹϣ
԰ô˵ϲ𣿡
ᣡɩãˣɩҲһòã
С
߹˹Сӣôպá
ڴɩ𣿡
ߺһʱûж٣ʱǻͺڶһ档
İҴӦˣҪŴɩŶ
СﱧŻһ㲻ǿĺǿġ
ģ
Եİ
ЦͷҵˣôһĶ
ٷˣҹ
ĻѾ£վҪޣױ񣬼ı׼ˣһϲ
µ󣬼ҪҪͥ˵һֻ⼸飬ƺæʲô飬ǲҪˡ
Ȼ˵֪ͥˡ
׼ʲô񣿡
߾Ŀһۣ˭ģ
֪֪ˣһ֪ÿ춼ԹԺҩ
΢΢ߺҩʵ̫ˣߺôȹҩÿڶߴ翪ʼѣܰÿ涨ķݶꡣ
ͥŲԸ˵ϹһĨЦЩۣǲȵĻǾͼһҩûôˡ
ôԣ⻰Ըˣ۾һɨͥϵΣȻҲԼϵΣڽӴТҩٺȼ¾ͺˡ
ߣˡ
࣬Ҫлл㡣
ллҴԨллҴ⡣
ӵ´һոʵ⡣
Ҹ׼һΣ
ͥ΢ǰߵļױǴӿⷿõġ
Ϊʲôȥⷿأ
ԺԼСⷿͥеĽ䱦棬֮£Ҳǲ浽Щʲô
ϣԼļױ
ߵҲûôֻ࣬Ҫһ񣬿ⷿĶЩȻԿףǲȡá
ǼгųģΪʲôôأ
ͥѡԱʷϡʵϾЩӵദּ߹һЩԱԼгҪ󲻻ܾ
ԼѾһˣǲöκζʹˣҲܿĻָԭӡ
ҲԼԸȱݣڱ˵һǧ򱶵Ļȥĸڣһɺ£Ƕܺá
һĸĥСõ裬ɷĲŲʣǿԼߵͬʱҲĺˡ
ЩΪԸһ֣һ޸ͥһ֮𣬿ҹλʱǻẦ£һֻ֮صǸ治ķ䣬õű˵ȡ
ߣ£һȥⷿΪѡһòã
ͥ̾żһЩûаȫУҲԼİȻ֪׾һЩʲôһָоԼСԼ֪ĵطһܹܶ۸һ
Բͥ磬һĵġ㲻Ҫʧòã
߼޵ңʼձţϲҪӼ߶С
ͥϲ͸ᣬֻҪһֱЩãȻǲǲˣ
ͥ룬֪в֪뵽ȥˡ֣һȥ˿ⷿ
һɣһԵɺ֮ڽϵõģ
һͷ棬֮⻹׵ȼ׼ĺϲ١
лл㣬ͥ硣
Ҫ˵ллǷޣһ壬ǰģߡ
ͥҪİѼǲǰܹ̹ϵİԼһ
ʾＤǻߣȴôҲ˵ڡ
ҡҲϲ㡣
ͥӰȥûϵδӻܳʱҪȢʱ򣬲Ѿ뵽һƸףӦԼʱĸ羿һʲôĸ顣
ռúһͬѡõαȥ
Ȼڳûд٣ҵļãҲкױдСﶼˡ
ߴð˴̵ѯ߼ΪˣԼķ徲
ߣҿɫСӹòѽ
üȥƽһǰһǣһӾͳˡ
ԵĶŪ͵꣬ҲԼʲôԺĻһ飬ܹ¸δŮһᣬֲ˵ˣԽԽÿˡ
ɱȡЦˣҸ㵥׼ġ
뻹ǰԭǸˣԼ⣬ڿⷿǸ͵Լͥɡ
һʽִһ˿ɫķɫϲˡ
ллߣҺϲ
ϲãһױһһͬ׼ģɱ⸱öˡ
׾ǲͬˡ
ĪȡЦңҲҪˡ
߰ƵȾһ˿΢ϼһЩĶˣôһŮܽ崿Ľһأֻ֮ͥˣ֪ӦĽ˭
ȻСڳҲǰˣЩѯʳʰߡ
˵ʵ׵ʱʹ𣿡
һüŪۣÿһŮȻҪЦĳ嶯
ʹе׼˳ԵģҲã㰴ֵĻɡ
˵껰һ٣Ӷһ·쵽ӣŵĿ㡢˵Ǹ
ҵĺˣǸʹ𣿡
һԼĵǻãǼ亦ʹ
㡢ô
߸оԼͷҪðˡ
Ǻʹɡ
ҹͥᣬϺһЩСƣҲʶЩûúʹ
ԲԣôͻˡЩĻӳȥ
ô˵ô۵һ˶˵ǺʹӦûԼͷΧڡ
ǾͺãһҪעʲô𣿡
ıźѧ̬ȣ֪Խûôˡ
ûע˰ɣˣڶ쾴ǧҪˣ
Ϊʲô٣


 43 

ȫ棬ûһ˿ЦζںԼ⡣
Ҫô˵ѵҪ˵»鵱ҹԼ̫ʲô𰸣Ѹٵķˡ
㵽ʱͻ֪ˣ
ͨĻ⣬߽ڷˡ
ȷ֪ˣдҳŸߣͨƪʹ벻ʹͳٵٵ⣬ŵüżûȥ
ױһ뾩иԴ֣α˽Ϸˡ
֮ÿ˰ԼױŽľУҲԿȦӺ;˶Ŀ
߰ǸͷʱһЩ˲¶Ľ֮ɫе˶ɿǷƷǼ޽Ͳͬˡ
ûЩĽ߶ʼɵĿ⣬ȻһߣȴױĽ
ֻķߵǰк߱ŵ΢ЦñȴҲ׽Ļᡣ
ߣȥ졣
λˣ´ġ
ٷٷˣ
´´Ρ
߰һһˮ
ôûһϲ֣
ոױĴҲδⲻ̫ϳ
СԼԼŻأǰѾˣҪ˵һ˼ңԼڷ
һЦҲ硣
ұˡ
һʱ࣬߾˸ǡ
صҺͰԼõó׼ϱͥⲻʲôӵֻǵҪΪһ·ˡ
ҵģ
ͥǼ·ϸϸĦŴȲøеŮҲɿߵϸƺܵڵСܣָĻи֡
ߣҴӦ㣬ʲôʱҶƽ
ĲãȲġ
Щɬͥǳϲ£ܾϲ
ȷȲϣõġ
ߵЦЩ̣ǾչˣûǰǾĵġ
Ӧòúͻᵽˣ㲻عڽš
ͥյž͸˼ߣʱ䣬Żʮܽˡ
ţҲš
Լ֣ʪģ⼸һֱԼ뵽ǿƲסš
ͥ۽΢۾ϰԵĿŵ棬΢СĸԼϲļߣһš
ʮ˵˵Ҳ̣ƽڣû±㿴ιιʱ䡣
䭺ķǴĴ档ʮʱ游ϹսɳоڣΣסһһҵĹػ˷ƮҡĴ죬Ҷ˵游ķˡ
ķ󽫾ΨһŮ󽫾սףһͬػʮˣӵļѵֵڵĴоľ춼ǰȻʤˣҲ㱻ƬأﶼҪΪǵһˡ
ܹҲΪǩ˺ԼˣĽԴǵλá
ˣٷˣүѾ˳ʮء
е˿ϻͨһϢ˷ܵż߾׼õڻ
ߣǸܺˣˣ֪ˣ
һŶԵ˷ܣŽдڵľҲűǰ˲١
˳ŵʱһδһߺͼ˵ŹŵһЩ飬һƵƵҿ⿴
ͻȻɫһ䣬ߵİһ˦Ը⿴һۡ
ôˣ
߼һӱӲĪ淢ʲô飿
㿴Ǽܺɫ
ƿһűϵȷһɫĻҪĶ࣬Χ˶żУͦһˡ
ǣ
Ĳ͵ķһۣǻʼҵ̫ӡ
Ŀ࣬ƿһ˲ûгҲû˸ҿǣƺ˲̽ӣһɨŵü߼æӣ̫ˣ̫ǵˡ
̫ôôˣ
ӴɩģˣǾͲܽǻظˣǱضҪȥʹġ
߻ȻֲһǸ֮һֱܸˣܽǻȥҲʧ䣬ôһ·Ľ̸ԼŵĺԽԽŨˡ
߰ɰߣȥݼһǵ̫ӵ¡
ǲϲǿܲܵ
˳ߵǰɻδ߽ףͱЩõˡ
̫ӵ£˰ݼ
ƿ̫ӱĿһۡ
ݼ̫ӵ¡
𣬽չǲǻȥˣʺڡ
ǣ¡
̫һжãٷƽ¿ȥ̫Ӹ
ǣ¡
ոռĵ飬ǿʱҲѯʣΨжĻŻһЩô˵Ӧòʲôˡ
̸һѾԿǳԶ
Ⱥ߽ǰеӦþǹͷ
һ۾˳ͥĸƣͨȴһһһ¼⣬˸ɫĴϣ˿ʣһ˴Ŵսһһ߳Ѫɱ
ﰵƺ˵ĲͬǰδһŮӿ㣬ʹԱߣҲ˲ܺĴڡοɷ򲢷ѰˣأһǿҵԺУҲЩΪʲôԳʢ˥ˡ
վŵǸСһӾºͺɽıѩһڻ漴ʢһ
Сﴩˮ·װ۵ģģԼǸɵһҲһϲ
䭺ֱֱ̫ӡ
䭡
ݼ̫ӵ£
ܳ㣬Ƿ
壬ĸѾڹеˡ
߰ɡ䭿һԼӺԱߺŵˣʾȻȥ
΢΢ҡͷ£˵䡣
롱
ȡԼñӣԼıġ
ģþòЩˡ
΢ᣬЩʡ
ɩҲࡣ
Լ΢ɬ촽Լĸδȥͱ
΢ţδܽгӦ˵ȻЩ㱣򽫾վԼǰԼĸ
żһŮԸˡ
ϱ߹ϲ
úӣȥɣǽܻһ㡣
æĵͷĿȥ

ôˣ
ǴӢ۰
΢΢̾ǰǴӢۡ


 44 

ߺĻ˸ϣĿǣ̽ͷȥˡ
ˣǱ뵽ȥˣֻϲܻ֪ͨȥ׼ϯ
ϲɱĹһЩʧ䣬漴ôЩ궼ˣںһʱ
Щ˶ȥ׼ţҲüȥϢˡ
ȥɣĲڿԲˡ
ԺӣﻹЩģĴĿɾġ
Ǽ磬δˣѾͥؼңҲãһһ˾Ϳžˡ
Ƴϣ˶Ųһһ̵ķϡ
ȥٰðڽ˳ûĴӣ֮ǰԴصװ磬һ죬Ѿͷ߰ףҲȺ۵Ǹ̫̫
ҶţѾͨˣѾӹˡ
ͥոջһ·üȥſڡ
Ǿŵ
ͥһֱŽͷûкһĪ˷ɴס
㲻ҽ췢ʲô𣿡
ʲô
߲һ䣬ûпһۡ
ţһĬߺʲôͷͥһֱŽͷһ治֪һЩʲôЩƣŸոԼĲ⣬ҲһЩ
ҵ죬סݵ
ԲԺһúÿ㡣
౧ңҾͺˡ
߿һ۸УûʲôˣֵҲһƬž
ıһߵĲУ˵౧һˡ
֪㺦ߣ˰ɡ
ͥһһ֣Щż˵ֻһסƽױ㽫ÿͥƺһû
ͥ΢ЦڹţƽĮº
ŵ˲СһۼæͷԼҴӿ˿Թˡ
ѹʯϣڰҹص߼æջԼ֣Զͷֵĺɫ̲סͥ½ǡ
ͥ磬˻ˣ
΢΢Ŀ鱻ƣԶɵһƽˡ
ſھͣˣ
үūȥˡ
ߡ
˶һۣǰ΢ƵĵƹԼĶӺͶϱվһ续

ϱ߰ݼףĸס
ɡ䭰ʱûעֻ໹һЩһÿ
Сӣ䭺ݺݵͥļһоڲС
߾ڿԺúõĿԼѾõˣѵ˰յװһɫ·һҲϣ˵ͥĽҲŵġ
ôˣռϲ𣿡
ϷļߣమĽˡ
¸Ӷ䭰οһԼĶӡ
߰ɣǺúúһȡ
µڵţڿ߽˲Լ΢ۡ
ҿСҲ
ڲһֻһƽƽҲûȱ첲ȣڰ
ͺûͺã𣿡
ڣǲˣԺ㡣
ȥô᲻أ˵ĵİˡ
ҲûԼĸ磬һ濴˲ٵƽɽҲ̲סʧ̬硭
ܣˡôˣٵʱһ
СЩµĶԼĵ̽ͷڰ׷۾İĴ󲮣Լȫͬˡ
д󲮣ĺڶʹǵ𣿡
һתڶôԣҲÿԭ󲮣
󲮺ã
ֶնյ񣬿һȣΨһСϧˣԼһŮһһ
󲮣͸㡣
ԼСɰóԼƽʱԵСԣȫŽ
ֻѳԵķָԼϲˡ
һԼҲҪһУһȡһСذס
͸۸
׻ֹѾۼֿõ
ǵ˵ŮӣԴ³
ĻͲҪ˵
Ա˲ţؼǴҲʲôԡͥҹʱǸСذףԭҲǼ崫ͳ
󲮵Ļ˭۸ʹȥ򲻹ܻؼң򡣡
ڼһֱһ̩ɽǰ治ɫˣǫǫӣĶŵ˵ĻüˢԼ֪ˡ
ϧİǰСذ׷ŽԼСĵ˵ͷ
̲סΪЩӵһ亹
ɣЩϲԵģҪ
ںʲôȥ衣
ǶȺܾˡߣȥɡ
ߵͷߵһ裬ǰ
ףȲ衣
ãġ
Ҳ֪ԼĹôذףݵϵһԱһѴһЩ
ллסذ׷ںתһǰ
ĸףȲ衣
úúãҿɲ㸸ҪʲôذסѽһӣַЯҲûϵҽ㡣
ллĸס
߰ǱҲ֪ʲôģʮɣҹһЩĹ󣬿һЩװΡ
²ҲˣǷûʲôõĵˡ
һźͺĳһԲĿ۵С޶ˣֿһ۹¹µԲԼҶӣ̲סԼһš
ף
ʾӣ޷ͬôЩ꣬Ĭеġ
ĸɩҲˣ׼ҲȢˡ
һǺ鰡
Ȼˣ׼ȥӡ
ĸֻǲ֪ǰȥƸ˭ȽϺá
֧ҲˣֻȥĻ޼ҵ˻᲻̫ʣ
壬ȥɡҴŰȥӹһ䣬ô
˵ͥʲĺǿģֹˡ
磬ϻб񣬻Ǳȥˡ
û£ȥһͺã֤Ƹ͵
˵һЩʲôڵͥȥˡ
˵ˣģӦõġǱ²ʣҾŹҲҪȥһʡ
⻰һ˭ҷԣԴϲ
극Ѿˣǳ;ѾˣҲɢˡ
ôˣ
֮ͥͻ겻ᣬһֱʲô
Ҫȥӣ
Ȼ
ûʲôɻġ
ˡⱲûгԭΪͥ˵ҪȥĴǿЦģû뵽ôʵˡ
˾ͺáҲ»ۻȥˡ


 45 

ͥɻ֮ı㿪ʼ׼Ƹһ¹ȥҲ׼Ĳ࣬ڵҲҡ
ȥӣһΪ˸ƸǴż߳ȥһ䡣
ҲûгԶţҲ֪Ӧ׼һЩʲôֻðԼ뵽Ķϡ
ʲô

߿˶ĽǶɢ࣬ÿ
ϲɫҲϲ¾ʱ˵ѿʽЩȹ̫鷳򵥵·ϲԵʮ־Ӣˬ
ϲһ
лл
Ϸ߰ģҲ֪ʰһЩʲô
Ϊȥӷգ
ҲûгԶţ֪һЩʲôȽϺá
߲˼ԼĶ䣬С
Щĵģֻ׼õģҲȷҪһЩǲ֪Ķ
ʲô
İԼľӴ򿪣ƿƿ޹ȫó
ϺõĽҩвеġ
ǽⶾҩ裬һ㳣ĶԽ⡣
η纮ҩ
߿һƿһƿĽܣԽ˵Խ˷ܡ
ȥƸģȥ̵ġ
ͬһۣͲ֪ˣ˭֪·ϻᷢʲô׼һЩܲ
⻰ﷺһֵĸо⻰ôԽԽԾ
ͱô࣬°ɣˡ
ŶˡԼǸ̲סһ䣬ͥн񱣬˶׼һЩϴ·
ǣ߼ǵˡ
ͥȷɾһЩֻǽ񱣿ƽһԷͥûбֳЩԼϸģƽջҪϸһЩС
䣬͵͸ȥߵȥӲ֪Ҫãǲõңƾˣһɡ
ƽĴᶨڸóĽǺõģߵǲôġ
ɩ
á
ѻȥιòã
ϬһͨҲ˵飡
ͥһ䣬ָһĶͷ
˭Ϭһͨأ
Լͣ۾һתܳȥˡ
ˣ׼Ķˣҩ
߰Ǹľд򿪷ǰͥһƿһƿĿЩҩǺҩֻǰ߿ܾÿһЩ
ãһ·ߣż
Ĵȥ̫Ӹһ·Ҫ£ͥ߰ʣµҩãһһأҲ˲µҩˡ
Ŵô
Ŵȥ˵ͥס
˵޷
Ŵһۼߣɫ󣬽ƺԼԤĽҪһЩ
ٷˣʳ˺ҩɻһЩʲô
߻ӣ˺ҩҲûˣǵʱ˽ԼĶһֱ
°ЩһһŴ˵
ŴԼ׵ĺ룬סĵͷ
ٷǶԵģһֱȥֻ°ͻĺܺˡ
ֱͦӣϲĿ̫ͥˣ
л򡣡
ȥƸܻƱı㾡ƱϼߺͥŵĶڼӰ˵ĻŮӣһ˲ȥƸģе̵ˡ
Ǿˡ
һ˶ſ뿪·ϵ˶ǻ书ˣȫҲġ
ȥɣһ·˳硣
ƿӿԽԽСֱתֽҲ
һεĿĵڼӿӾһ·϶½·
ʼ߻²ʱһãȫԺġ
壬ͣϢ
ǡ
ͥ
ߣҪҪȥߣ
˯ʵĿҡҡǵͷ
ôˣϢ𣿡
ţ
ߴѾ뿪һ·ˣԶȺɽƣȵʱ̫˵ϣżдɽ硣
һ³ȥҲ˲١
ҩûкȣǰҩ˰ɡ
һϢǾͼ˻ʹѾʼҩҩζ˳ŷƮĴǡ
á
ҩһͶŹһЩ۽֪ҩжһЩʲô ȼǰԵЩĶࡣ
ҩĲ࣬һȫˣͥæι˼۽һţͺһС̫һǵֱЦ
ϳһ͵һˣҸطס¡
ͥûֱӽ
һߵڣڵٽС򣬲ԤϵǣȵǶ˷䣬ֱסͿɣʲôùܡ
ٷˣȥܣҪϴ𣿡
ãȥš
𽰴ļ򣬡Ҳҵ𣿡
ˣҵĿɴˣÿжῪһңǲܵﶼץϹ
𣿡
ƽҲ˲ٵʷ飬ļʷҲв٣᲻˵أ
ͥصʱѾϴϣԼͷ
ʵ̲סһ±ȽϺá
ûϵ𣿡
ͥɢȥЩź˶¡
ߣʵЩ궼Ǳµĵꡣ
ʲô˵
ҵģʵǱµģЩ̶ǱµϢǻලصĹԱʱȥ
ͥһʼûдֻҲû𣬱һһʮȫ
ԣΪЩڳв޹ְǳ׺û飬ʱҹȥΪЩ𣿡
߲Ҳ֪ÿҹȥҲ˯ţȫܰ˯Ҳ壬ûκˣһָоͥһֺΣյְϣˡ
֪ͥѾСģ֮ǰͻص䣬ֻû뵽ûס
ǰֻһ²⣬ȷˡͥ硭
ס᲻ǵλãֱڵߣԲעԨ
㲻ҪΪҵģѾ죬дһֱ֪ԼϢֻǲ֪ʲôҿǰܶˡ
ͥһɣû˵ܵĸоȴ޲ôûܣԽ֪ԽõĻϣ˱˭ҲҪ֪
㲻Ӧú˵ġ
Ҫ㡣Ҫסɷеٹ⣬ڰΣ㡣ֻҪ֪ұȫ㡣
ӦǸжǼȴЩˡ޸ͥδڹЩԼûпǵͥȫźãᣬȫȫ⣬һɷ򣬿ǣԼ
ͥ磬ңһЩܵġԼʲôҲﲻЩ͵ҹķ磬ɢ˰ɡ


 46 

ߣһǾҪӿˣȥջϴһȻƸȥ
ͥ磬ǰƸ͵ҲҪӹȥ𣿡
ԣ߳ʱǱҲҪᵽ·Ͻ
ڵӵʱͥŻ˾ͿɵǱ߳ʱ߲ࡣ
ҺúõϢһϣڶȥ˴޼ҡ
ӵĴ壬ʷвٵ˲š˼ҲͬжǴңɳǾ̸ͬڵĴһڵĵǴһĵ׽͸˴ζµ±ǴϵϵĶ
ʮʱһٳֻ֪´ҲӦŻ£ҵļҹҲ˺ܴáʳ֮ңһ򿴲¹ܾǴ³κε͵飬϶Ҳжţڸص£ҲͽһŻ¡
һ·ͥϵֹض˼ߣ̲סզ࣬ǴаĴ塣
һߵͷʱѾܹ޸ſڵ֡ͥϣŴҰݼϵĳ
ͥЯ׾ǰݼ
λıǴĸ״ꡣߵķ뾩вͬϲңΪԭϲӡһɫ·ݳºͣͺԺԺһ㣬ü䶼ƽͣһĵҡ
ֶöɣһ·ࡣ
ࡣͥùľУ޾˵Ļ͸Цɡ
ЦһЩ޾Ļ޼ҲûУû뵽ҾȻѰǾˡ
ãллеĳһģڿʼɡ
վһߣһһƸ̧˴޸ߣҲԼصĹż黭ΪϺãˣһһĽҲò˲Ŀƴ֡ͽĲ۾
еҵĻ鷨Ʒʷ֮˵ĹЩòҲı뷨ЩϴϵŮ
ĸһӦƸƸӡ
úúãϢɡ
Ͱźǵλãͥż°Ȼĳ
𿴴ϵıȲĳĺóԡ
ͥһӷŽϴΪϲƺԵʲôζ˵Ļȴü̲סЦ
СЩһóӸ
ڷͥҲġԴһֱţһһа㣬˳ʱҲû㡣һϺ˵Щŵ¸Ҷˡ
˳ԵĺãԱߵҲڹעǡ̲סͣߣӣҲûгԹЩʽǸ㲻޲ΪʲôҪŮ޵˼ҡ
ͥ΢ЦЦתͷǸˣңңһơ
˵ĲӺʲôסһ仰Ҳ˵ɫǵͨ졣תͷһӿԺʿڴڵĴϢ̫ˣǸ̫ˣͺʬɽʬĶ
֡ʣµĻȻֹδĿһ˵ıӰˡ
ͥһ壬ͷʾףԼת˳ȥ
忴뿪ϻ֪Щʲôޱ۾ѸٹսСһ˼ƨɡҪ˵Ȼ̲˵ֻñˡ
ֻʣ˺ʹϵˡ
ֶͥס£ȼﰲ׵˱Գˡ
ǣл
ƺʲôͣתٷȥ˵˵ȻҲġ
߿һͥƺá
˻˴ϰŵԺӣͥһŽ˼ߵϡ
ǣ
дСģҪȥͰŴȥɡ
á
լʻҰɫ͸һʷظСڵСԺ˺ܴһƬ񣬻Ұеһ̣͸һƵζ
С㣬ˡ
롱
żǰѾ΢΢ٷˣ롣
ƿľţװҲСԺһ㣬һ˿š

ٷˡ
úá
߿ǰŮӣиֳ̾
ɫȹӣͷֻǼ򵥵Ĳһӣʩ죬۾ξƤ𪲻һ˿覴áͬŮЩơǲһˣһš
ÿϵŮһ㡣
⻰ֻǵȻһЦûкߣƽĻ˲°ٰʮ˰ɡ
һ·ۡԼݵĲ裬롣
죬ָںɫĲ豭ϣ͸һɾУ϶С㣬Ǽ߼пǰˡ
߽ӹ豭ǳǳĺһڡóֻǾƽȵĶͬ
ͺպһưô꣬ɢ˿˿㣬˷θһƬ£ͷҲ˲١
ò裡ҺȹĶһ
΢΢һЦЦһЩУҲһЩ
ҶµˮݣҶҲеĲҶϵġ㣬Ҳ򵥣ǽϲĻһͷѷд㡣
лá
һһռҶϵΣһû¡ȻţǼΪһ˻Իˡ
ãһɻ㲻Ҫ⻰˵ͦ˼ģǲ֪Ļš
˵
Ҷˮݲ裬лҳ𣿡
Ȳһ٣Ѳ豭ϣ񿴼ʲôһ㡣
㣬һˣЩҲݸ˺ȹ˿úȵģ˿ɵģǴûʹ᲻ࡣ
߲˼ˣͷ˼ڲ軺һ顣
ȫҺɡ
ɲǺˮȡòյĵһ꣬ƽҲţӦòʲôĶ
һСľзϡ
ǲҶϲȥ档Ĳûм˺ȵĵ
ллá
˵Ҳ˻š
ǶţҲתˡ
ӹţŷдš
ּдִ󿪴ϣͺһòСдԼδдţҲûһ˿ء
ãҸġĿʱҲˣˡ
˼ߣǸӣһ򵥵ɫƷ͵һ˿߹
Լϣˣá
Ƿţһ˿СŮɬ
ֻһ仰¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼
ѧʱһϦϣڽͷһ档ôһۣ;ãԼԺķžӰɡҪ޸ˡ


 47 

ͥ磬һˡ
ô
߰ǲҶǰЦЦ
޶ҿﶼ̫һоر嵭
֪𣿶Сʱȥ۵һʱ䣬ܾʱƵӡ
ԭˣĻҲˡ
޸Ѿʼ׼Ҫ̻ؾ
ʱ˴λȥ˼ͬǣ޴һЩԼղص鼮һЩ⣬޵Ľûж١һЩ˼Ҳܷ
ã߰ɡ
תһԼʮլӣ̾һ
ŴĴ磬ĲĲʮͷĲѾ½֪ͼҲɿ϶Դӡ
ʱ߳еƸֱ´˻ȥοޣǴϣͼھҲǱС׼ס
ͥӣӷ
ôˣ
ÿˣߣԺҲþǰԱãɱϾļģ᲻ԾЩ
֪ߵûôԶһ죬о䵭һЩ˻ͦദġ
֪ͥ棬ϰԵİô롣⼸ϵ˽̸ʹǾڸǣҲеĲ⣬ôǵͼˡ
ڴгʦӺӶϣܹίЩ壬ʹѾˣȻҪάűٹ⡣ҵƸʮ϶֪ǿĲܣͨʵֻһԭ򡣴޵Ľ಻ʮƸµĿܶȥ˰ɡ
ͥϣЩûкͼ˵ȻҲǲ֪ġ
س̵ĶʱӴټϼߺʹ嶼ôãһ·ͣͣʱ֮ǰҪһЩ
޴磬Ϣһ£Ѿͨһŵǡ
ã͡
ͥ˵֮ʹż³ĴߡԶĲ㣬ԺŮԲܼ޵ȥҪԼºúտŲźá
֪Լ֮ܿƽҲ궯Ůһ澵Ӹһ·㲣΢΢ͿһЩ֬ɫࡣ
ԶĲ㣬ĲȢסɼеĳ ɻǰӼгһӦϴ;б޶ױװ硣
װ͵УͥżѾǰȥˡ
·̣ӵس磬ļ磬ܿˡ
磬һ·ƽ𣿡
ƽ·ЩСٻûпǵʱͱɱˡ
ɩ
ܰ
ֵܶͬͥŵӣƵһƯȺеһ۱ܹ˿ȫģĸףͳ˺Ȼ˫Īڴˡ
źɫ£õΣҳ֪öĽ
ͷ֮תȥ˴ͣЪס
Ѿϣһһ˿̻ϢϸβģӵͷβûԵĶһЩ
Ĳͷͷϣûд΢ĩ⡣΢ŵ̾һԸ׮´Ҷ⣬ԼҶԲãȷ꣬Ҳ
һԽԽҼæԼλá
޴硱۾ɫϣŴ
ҲҪ˷ʱˣɡ
ǣ硣Ļһһ·򾩶ȥ
üǰ˵ҵĶҪȢˡ˵ǴϵĶС㣬̲סͷ׮²϶ӡ
ھ˿ҶǹȢõġģͨϰЩʲôɱȲҡǴϵĳЩֻ»ᱻѪ
ҵĹصͷ΢ȣһҪ˰ɣ
ӵ֮ͥʹżһ
Ӻٷһ
ȥݼ˸ĸһ߾۵İ
ߵСôݡ
Ļû˵ڣ̲סֵֵཱུãͥչ˵Ĳ
Һܺõġ
úúã۸㿴ôʰ
మȥͣ䭿ԼĶӱǰȷ˲٣ɼ֮ȷࡣ
һ·ûʲôɣ
ûУһ·ϿǳʵϢ·ϵĹԱܰ֡
䭱ߵͷԼһЩʲôȻ֪ҲΪ
ȥɣܴϲȥдˡ
Լһʶ˲پеķˣѺԺúϢһ
ʱɷʲôûУ
ٷˣСܵܳˣһжƽ뿪ĵ죬ϴҲˡȥ
ߵĵľ⣬˺ϢҲˡߵĻԺȥȥ
ߣҺһ¡
ˣȸˡ߸֪ǰλ˵λ󳼵ӣĹԱʵ̫࣬ϲʶЦӭһǿѹĵļתһæߵߡ
ҵϱ㿴
ͥͬһ޵ĵ΢΢ĲС
ĸá
úúãġ
ʱ飬Ĺѡͥ׵ʱĶӶѾеڶˡд˲֪ٷҫÿĻţֻ˲ŻϲԼһ档
ͥɵüӰѾȡһӣﰡ֪˶أ
΢΢һ㶣޴ĵĿ¡޷ư
˵
Ȼȷ뿴ͥĺӾʲôģһãֻǧҪͥŻ
ˣͺһ죬ЩҲʶ۵Ļšƣ֮ɫӦ겻ˡ
߰ĵ£û˲۵ĴչҿԶˡ
ϲһ˭ӶҲ᲻۵ţ
Ҳϲĸӣϲ˱㲻ദܾҲʹ죬ñϴˡ
߰һߣǻ䵱꣬ʵϸǶòֻ۱ߵϸҲڲס˾Ϳʼǰ
߱ԺӣͥǰдЩˡͲʶҲ࣬ϴһ裬һƣһӴùĲ裬ֻûôõҶϵˮڰϼϲԵСʳͥ
ߡ


 48 

߽ͥ䣬ľζü̲סüͷ
ôôࣿҲȰŵ㡣
߻ͥƿ˫ֻ
ͷߵૣߣߡ
ڣȥŰ
ߺ˺ŵ˴ϡ۵Ĳ˲ȥѾͥץסɿ
𽣬ѾùߣǾֻýˡ
ͥƺǹɣֻ˯ڴϣ˵һЩ
ǰ˺òã
߰ţҨһѾߡ
ͥһҡͷҪ
֪׺˶٣ͨ죬۾һЩˮŷţ΢΢Ŀһۣȫ
ǾͺһСںòã
ã߲ϲˡͥˣƵƫͷһҲԸǸѾ
ĲҾͲϲˡ
Ѿһߣʵ۾⿴ţҪô
Ƕȥɡ̵˸ߣƵĴӶ˵ҲǺһ顣ƽӲϲ˷̣˵ˣò׿һΣȴû뵽ƽǰ߹֮ƺһӡ
ǣٷˡ
Ҳ˽ģҲͥƽʱͬ˿
ͥ䣬ûӦίı˱͡ԺȥԱߵѾüͷһȫˡӻһ붾ҩƵġ
ꡢˡİѿڼǰ˻ΣЦſ
ﰵԷЦתµͥƽյľУű˵Ҳ̲ס۾۾ÿͺں˵黰
ǹƽˣͥһļһıָͦ͹߻˵Щû߸оԼһһķˣǿγ۾̲ססԼ
̫̫ÿˡЩܲסͥ
ͥɻգգԼ۾ԹԵİźãյǰ
ôˣޱޡ
С۾ˣһ˭ˡ
ͥڻϸļ򣬡ް߹ԡ
߲֪ΪʲôΪԼڿޣͥƲסļӿ죬Ҫ
Ҳޣ˭
ɵǰ߰
˭
һ˵СҪ߱Ŷ
ͥļ򣬶ĿָԼϣ꣬˭˵Ŷ
ͷһͣҵС
˵㿿ļ˯ˡߺҲûзӦķ˯á
һһıӣ͡ǰԼСһ˵ġ
֨ѽһˣ弱æǰ
ȥһЩˮɡ
ǣٷˡ
ȵˮˣһһĸϴһ壬ĵı˯˹ȥ
ͥ۾ӴЩʹͷ
˲ٵľƣϾҲȵľơ˭֪Щ˴˻͸͹߾ƣˣ˸ҵľƣˡ֮飬һҲǲסˡҲ֪ȥˡ
ӣˡ
弱æȥˮͥӦõ⣬ԺҲûаߣǻ˯á
ٷأ
عӣٷȥٰˡ
ܷȥ裬ĸȥ˰ɡ
ϴɣûʲôʧɣ
ûУֻһֱٷˡ
Űߣǵ硣
Цʲô޽޵Ⱥôᶮң
ˣȢϱĴ
ǹÿ춼Ըȥ飬ҲڶȢϱ
˼ҵĴˣ
ͥһ٣תȥһš

ίˣҪ˼ҵʱǺ֣Ҫ˼˾ͺ˼ҹ
һҹ϶ģȥһЩ֮ɫ
ߣͺ񿴼˵յԼҲûжʱ䣬ôͻȻôĸ
ɩҶڹţʲôҪֱӺ˵
ľȣż߸һЩʵû뵽Ƽ֮ȨȻĴɩҶһĿء
ôӶĲϰߣֱӷԸ˱ɡ
ˣȥɣѹ˵˵
ƣԼͷ۵ĻţһҲˡ
ǣڡ
زżʱһСӸͺãв׵ʶҲУҾͲǷˡ
ţһߵߣ߿మ̲סޣһˡ
ˣɩ
ҲתԼԺӣʱͥӦˣ뵽ϵﷺ˿ۣϲСǳơ
ٷˣˡ
壬ôˣ
ȻϿίӣӦð˭Ժ۸ǡ
ٷ˻ȥʹӰɡ
Ȼ²һ棬ֻǲ֪˵ʲôȻƽ˱
ͷ𣿡
ͥϣȫߣ̧ͷء˼һš
ˣߣûʲôֵɣ
ѻԼ˸ҿ
֪ͥڶԼǾܼƺԼһЩʲôƵĴһֶֻ
а
߱Ķӣߵչ˵Ĳ˲ֻȦ
ʲô
ͥЩȣĿǺܺõģûǰʧ̬ξȻڼǰˡ
ԱߣͥʶԱһ¡Ȼİͷļϣͥһ
ƽû˵һЩƤߣߺٻ׽Ҳ׺ߡ
˵һ˵С
ͥⲻԾȾһ졣
Ϊʲôһӣѵʲô𣿡
ûУʲô㡣
߿ĽЦ˳
֪ǲҵġҲһ˵ͥѽ
ͥһָоһʲô飬üߵĺĸһ
øʵԼĿˣԼסʵֻаһ֪Ը˵ԼҲͲ׷ˡ뵽⣬ЩԹԼѺë
ˣҪȥĸףϴûھУڻȥ𣿡
Ůǳ˷飬Ҫô˵ڷίҪȥ߿࣬Ҫô˵ʲôȼңЩأ
Ȼã컹죬ҿһȥйһȥ׼ʲôʱȥ
ȥɣϾǵýĵһ졣
ȻԼǽҲ´룬Ҳؼһʱ


 49 

û¸ɵʱͰĹرһСӣó
񣬰͸ˣвֻҡ
ǱӣšдĺܲԿⱾӵ˵ģֻĸһ˿
ߵĵһ棬ûнŽֻԺҶ沣ܺúദͺãû뵽ѾĵλԼѾһ˿ĸ˼
վڶ˵ˣǼòڣǶĴڡֻһɵŮˡ
ǱӣĿŴ⡣Զ޾ﱾЩƽձ˿޵ĵط˲⡣෴ƽղĵط֮
ʱĴֲ֪Ľмʡ
ôˣ
֣ĸ밲
ԼĽҲԼûз֣ѧЦ
ٷû˵ÿ·밲˱ҲȥʺһɣԺˡ
εһЦռĲϵȷһȴšڼг趨ʡһȱοĸݡ
߲֪﷢飬ͺĸ˵Ҫؼ͸һˣһͳˡ
ŷ˵ֱ
СˣСˣ
ҶٷأЦҲܸˡѾϰߺٷ˶Ǵ
˵ͨͼҴҵſڸϡ
㣡ڻˡ
㡣Ҳһûп͸о񳤴࣬ȻϻཱུģȴԳˡ
ǻ͵ܵܵĶ԰ɣ
˿첽˷䣬ʱӣź˱һÿ϶ϲ
߽ȥʱڿӡͷ֮ǰһЩɫҲʱõöࡣ
һˡ
ܵܡ
ڴϣѺӷԱߡ
Сĵ٣©ӵСŹԹ˯ŵʶķ˺Ƥʵ̫ˣƤںڵģǷرáССճһСȭͷɰˡ
ͥ飬ûһ˵¾Ƶʱһ͵ܵһ񡣡
Ϊָף߲СҲ㹻ˡ
ûϵģֻҪǷ޹úҾͷġ
ϴʱͺܹأǰѰ߿ġ
ˣ𣿡
ûУǽǲǰ
Сĸӡ
ãá
һĸЩƣˣ߾͸ˡ
ǾȥȰÿĸ
ĸһˣ
ϷԶԶͿ۾߽ԼİԽԽÿˡ
͵ܵ𣿡
ˣá
ϷЦۣҲϲܵܣԼҲȥ͸ˡ
ͼҵĶ︣ǳѾˡһڷݣȢ˲֪ˣԺ˽ȻֻһжλͶ˹أͼҶʮӷ檣͵°˶ӣҲˣҲԼȥǸˡ
Ϸƺʲôӻͳɫƽݸ˼ߡ
ǣ
ƽϻż߿ĺɫƣһɵ̴ζ˺ܰġ
Ҫʱǲģȥ˼ƽһһͥġ
ĸŷЩֲڵĻֽЩСǱ߽ѾһЩĥĸһΪԼȥһһܵģֻǲ˵ˡ
ã֪һģллĸ
лҸʲôŮծûлҲ㣬ȥɡ
ҸĺܽƽĻҲܶ࣬ոȢϱǷæʱ
ǣĸŮˡ
εˡÿλĸﶼߣ˵ЦԼ˵⣬Ǿǲš
߸ոյ˸ͰѽϵɻĿǲǽ𣿡
ǣūۿ˵ġ
ǲдôȥˣھԽԽãƽȥ밲˵һţǴϤɡ
û£С£Ժ֪ˡ
⣬ĬĬԼ֪͡Ϊʲôܸоٷ˶Լٷе⣬Ҳп˰ɡ
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Ǻúչš
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ȥһС棬һ治֪ʲôصġ
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װ׵ѳһţëģСӹرһֻצӰԼ۾צҲֺģС۷۵ġ
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ͥģڻСһֻϻˡû㿴𣿡
ⲻӵ簡
ҡҡͷңҵһʱ򿴼ôҰЩ£;۷ˡ
ͷ
ߣͥǶԴ㻹ڸţǿһֻСϻģõĴˡ
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δ˵Щɬĺ仰ʧСϻ˼֪Ʈ
һˣʲô˵棬ƺ«һ
ԼﶼãһЩȴԸ˵ԿԼľҪ
һ飬ˡߴæˣԼҪôܳԼĺá


 50 

ͥոջصСԺ߾ĵһ¶ȸոպõĲ裬Ȳ̿ζŨ
ͥŲòƲĿ
Сëƿ豭ǲĪմʲôʲô飿
ߡ
һİɣģԣ
߼˵һ಻̫õĵķǰ
ǽڷָһ飬߸Ķ۵ڴ
ͥҧһڣȻôǲ
ָҡ

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ҩ𣿡ͥ΢ÿҩҪϲźȵ꣬Ѳǽ첻ҩˣ
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ͥ΢ţһӰԼĻ
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ǶȥԼ·
˻࿴һ£վ˳ٷˣֻūòã
߿һ£Ӧˡ
ӣᶼû
Ҳ̫ˣ
߲˼ĿʵǿˣƤۣӡǣʵûʲôġ
ûµģġ
߸ոճ緹˽еί
⵹ˣ˭ί
ɩ
ô˭ˣ
߸һСģˡ
ɩ͸Ҽ飬Ҳϲ
ԭ飬ּģҲû¡
ɩϲŸأǲǰ
ԲԲ۾һۣģ̾
ɩôɵôŶ
ɵôɵˣ
ûָ˵ĶͷС
㲻ܣָ档
ɩǲϲ赶ŪǹȻ˵֪ҲͶɩˣ
ίſĻԼôڴɩһһõˣǼ֮еĸܵɩϲ
ǵģɩƽϲˣ㲻Ҳϲ˵Բԣ
һһĿϾǸСӣһ룬ɩ˵ҲԣԼΪԼϲͲϲɩ
ţ֪ˡ


 51 

ˣֱıĻȥˡҪȥɩǼ飬˵ܺÿأ
СڣΣԼҪɢܵȥ
˺ӣȥĺܣ
֪ճӯΣԹԵߡ
ӣĵ˯ˡ
Сһ󣬴Ͱˡ߻ûӦһںҩͰڵǰһϤζı¡
źÿüͷίĿŴ䣬ңһȺòã
Įҡҡͷҩǰһ͡
߼ûҩҪȵʱ˽
ϰҩ£ɤӣôˣ
ٷˣٷˡ
룡һٺȰ
粻ɣܶһ±һ¡
߽۾ĿԼңôˣ
ɩ
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û£ëˣһֱãҩһ¡
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Ѿʼϳˣߵǲ֪ϾͥڼһӣԭЩԱôҵģ»鶼ܺúϢ졣
ñ¿أûа취ô˵߻һ˿ίζ
ǣһÿģûֵ̫ˡ
ɫ΢΢һָԭļ߸ûз֡
Ȼ޹ûã֪Ҵӳڱ߹أȻؾ˵ϲ޹ְո˵ǻǱֻ»˵ʵ
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дãҡ
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ŮӶЩɵģǰЩӻΪҪӭ˵еլˣû뵽Ľ֡

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ͥͿ°Ŀ
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Ź㣬ȥȪΣ

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ȥϴȥߵãúźӡɫٲ˵ˡ
ȥɡ
ͺһĶӵСһɿɰ

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ֱӺ˵ѽ»鲻ãһûʲôģ㲻˵ô֪ңǹˡ
ĵԼظֻҪһʲôġ
ܡ𣿡
Ȼ꣬ǼĻᲢࡣ»鵱һһľͷǿ󣬴ɬҲԽ䣬ﰵ֮£˾Ȼǰۡ
ȻˣôÿôвŻϲ㡣⻰¶ģԣ
߹˺ȥһǸ˵ĲУڿԳȥˣ


 52 

ΪȪׯӾڳ⣬ͥµһׯӣʲô׼׵˵ģֻҪȥͺá
ǰ棬ĴﶼǲԷķΧü͵Ц
ϴһͶܶɹһõҹ
磡ͺһСڵƵһӳ嵽ͥǰͥǺЦ
磬ɩ
Ҷ˾ɡ
ò׿Ժͥúõ棬Ը֡
ͥʵģرǱǬ
֪ʲôƤë˺һ㣬һСľ档˷ܵȥ
磬ԡ
Ϊ̫˷ˣ緹ûкúóԣͶˡ
ͥƿһһӣȫһЩСľ
棬Լðɡ
߾ĿһۣȻ
һ̽һ
ۣǺҡ
ǹӣ
Ǹ㣬ϲԵġ
ˮһƻֱһر⡣
ЩԵİһӣͥǿڿóһˮ
۾ЦÿˣιһڼУϲʹһˣʲôС
Ҳû뵽Ȼôϸ£Լûпôࡣ
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ׯڰɽɽΧȫӣޱߵŨڸСɽɾ
һԺӾϲԺмɽƣ˻ϲӽһˮջţɽϵɽȪˮ˳Ͳ串ϢҲһЩ
ط̫ˣôģ
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ɽ·רݹʯһһĴ˳ֵС·š
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ûһ͵ȪĵطׯӲ󣬵СȪһȪСȪſˣͥżȥСȪ
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ͥɻôѣ𣿡
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һɫĶ̿ͥļⲢͻأǡǡáԣ鼡İڼǰīĳɢ󣬾ͺ߳ľ֡
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ˡ͸һ˿ߣʱҲһЩֻͥ뷨ʵڹпգ׷ϡ
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á
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ˣ
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ͥԼɼһ˿죬סССĶлһȦģĳֲ˶
磡̫ˣһ󻵵
סԼͣЩֵסһСͥƴĶ֣١
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ͣڽëϳٳٲ䣬ͥ䵽˸ĵط
ôˣ㲻ţ
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˭֪ƫƫͥҪ֪ʲôֻһ󻵵ƫƫԽ˷ܣŪļҲˡ׼ȷ˵ſˣĴ


 53 

߼ǲˣ֪ⱲӶȥǸȪһˣġ
ʱѾˣһСͥ
ɩΪʲô氡
ˡ
˵ɩҲˣΪʲôȪ۰Ͳ۰
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ʵ̫ˣԺҪһ䣡
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ͥõƻϣ֧ȥ
ŪСӣ̲ס룬ԼǲҲŪˡ
ˣԵ㶫ɣûг緹
߿һϿ
Ϊʲô緹޹أ
ͥ˰ѳԵȫ˵˷ζӡ
ʣһζĢģƽھɳԲҪҪһ㰡
ԼСӣȷЩˣЩζһСһ
УԷǸԼܱһˡ
Ų˴ͥѾʢͷֻҪԱɡ
ó𣿡һӼͥȥһĨЦ
óԡȻڲ⼸˵ȷĲƽԵıһζ
ͥ˷Ϳ׼ʱҩ˽
ͥʱ˳ȥߺҩʱʱ򣬼Ͻȷ۸ˣֻ»ﲢΪ
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ͥҩ˲ˣֻ˷䡣
Ҫȥ𣿡
ȥˡׯӸߵӡ̫̣ھȥŻú˯һ
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ڶߺʹ˵һͥһ뿪ˡ޴棬ǾͲˡ

ͥ磬ǰ磬ʱ𣿡
Уҵʱһȥ
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úúãȥɡ
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һҳһҳȻдĻֻôԽԽϤ˹ʶ
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ֱԼԴӿʼ׼д֮ͰϴȵЩȫһ飬ǴͬС졣
ǿЩ˹ȲԼĽǸŽлһԼԵļӹһ£һ¶ѡ
߿Ȿ̶߳ܳȼֱԺͥһСᲢۡƽͥദ뻰޼һЩ
УԲгǺ˿Լôӵʲô
һºòð
ȥһв治ɫİǵֽźãĿż
ʲô
Ҫȥòã
΢΢üͷùıţίдĵһ
߼æûû£ûϵġ
Լʱȫһġ
Ȼίһɨɾ龫İѻ˼ߡ
д͸ģҲûд棬ЩС
㡢ӣĵļˣû뵽Ȼݳģǳˡ
߰ѻúõպã׼ûȥ͵͵ĿȻͰǻ᲻á

ͥͷżߣԴͲԾ۾һֱĸһЩˣѲʲô֪ĶѵС飿
ߡ
ôˣ
ջԼΪصĺܺõĿ⣬Ц
ĸ˵Щʲôˣ
ûʲô˵ҪТ˳֮ġ
ûˣ
ţʲôÿһμ߻ȥǺЩԱˡ
ͥԼ˼ĽëͶһƬӰס۾
ص߾ͰľӰ˷䣬ͥ벽Ҳ뿪
һЩСˣûʲôÿġ
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ʲôܿģҪ̹һĵġ
ͷĺģ֪ǲǼߵĴȻβЩ죬ɫǳһģҲһЩˡͥŲĵıˡ
ǸҲûʲôϵֻ̫߳ˡ
ѽǰдһѡߴľӰѻݸ

šǡΪԭдġ
ŶӵĻҲûаˡ


 54 

ͥӹûʼǰһߡ
һҪǵ濴Ĳ֪Դˣûá
˯֮ͥСĵǺ˱ӡϣȥ䡣
ѸոշźõĻ˳һûмˡ֪ˣԼͰ߹ӱȻϸһЩֻֻߵĲС
ѻŻǸľ˯ǰ˫ȥΣߡ

˳̫ĹȥӦھ޶Ŷˣ֮ദҲǢͼߴþˣѧ˴齫
һŶͲľʦʣµһֻ۱һֻȫ
ҡҡͷŹƻᱻĸ
ָָԱߵһţ߰Ŵ˳ȥ
ڴİ£һѩǰܣӮ˲Ǯƾֽʱһ
ôô
ֵ΢ͷڼơ
ߵɴ۾ֻǴ齫ѣҪ𣿲ⲻǹؼؼļȻôã츳ɣҲǹĿˡ
ɩЩȻȥϢˡ֪ģͻȻһЩģӲǺ
һ𣬺ȥѴ뵽ިԺ
߼ɫԽ԰ףüͷһ𣬱ƽһ˿
Ϻ󲻾ãŴ򼱴ҴҵĸϹ
ȴʼ
˶ı飬üüͷչüͷȻȫˣЦ⡣
⵽ôˣ˵ɡ
ϲٷˣϲˣѾһˡ
ϲĿŵһ顣ԼСȻһС
Ҫĸˣ
Ҳˣ޽Ҳ¾˺ӣ̫ˡ
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ҪúϢϢҾͲ˵ˣȥǰɡ
һ˯˾뿪ިԺ
ѾЩˣȴһ̫ϣůůϣԺߵһľܽؿãռķ顣ҪӭһµΪ˵ͬʱЩ꣬ѾôõҩˣҪȵʲôʱأ
ƽ̹ĶϣϣԼаøɡ
ͥصʱ˵£Щļߣֱֱľȥ
ںҩ黹һ
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߰ʣµҩһڳ꣬һСϡ
ͥĴ۵Сָϸһ
ôô԰
ſ
ͥԼ֣ιһС
ˣΪˣʲôʱҲб
ʧĿĻͥݵļͷô˻ǲ⣬ЩļҪˡһεεСôʼأ
ٳٺһӵҩˣԸˡ
°Ĳ˲ͷ޾֧֡
ίıͣ۾ҲҰԼ⸱ӣһк˰ɣǻ᲻ʧȰҪȽһ£ǲ̫ûˡ
һžָͥ⣬ͺ̵ֱۡ
ҵİ߲õģ̫СˣӶడҪôܿòã
ĻֻһЩĵĲȥԼᣬٿˣԼֻޡ
ͥװʲô֪ƽϢһֱûֹͣĵĶҲ֪ΪʲôôҪһӣԼôҪһȹ̵λȦĺˣ˳
ûпޡ
ԼıӣǿĿ
֪Ǹˣˡ
βĺ죬ëҲһЩʪȫʲôûп
СӺܲԵģԺҪòã
죬ɪĿһۣԶкӣô죿
ͥһ٣㷢ģģȴ
ûϵģôĺӣǵʱһòã
ԭǵһֱµҲԼȢͲΪЩԭ򰡡Сߣʲôʱܶأ
á
ܿ޵ļߣҲ¡
߰סԼᣬ˫εĹ̶סͥͷİüۡ
ԼھԼ
ͥĶҲƽ̫ˣŻô߰ĶԼȻˣԼҪΪɷΡ
ôҪӵĻ߾ҪһЩźˡ
ͥ޹ǵ̡
ǡǰ찡
뵽Ҫ飬æסҶ֡
ûϵ˭Ҳ֪
õķ羰ͨͫͷЩҵԼмŵ³һ֣á
⿴쿴ؿԷǲǸС䡣żĶţʵ̫Ǳ֪Լҹﲻñĭ
֮߳˯˹ȥԱͥбһͷȫ㣬ֻ»ᱻʱ㵹
ʵʱʱϹҲϾĶԼֻǧٿˣ޵ۡ

˴󲨣ıˮһͽިԺƽʱȺĴˣ̵Ҳһ
ƽʱûҲȥʱ䣬ǼÿչֻҪеˡ
һһȺ˸ţҪԼһǸ뿪
ҪҪ
߼ʵģֻٴ鿴
ʵĵҪùˣǰЩĻҲѡˡס˼ºȻĴĥһ
߿ɫƽҲûдôԺеЩȫЩɶǼѡ֮ľƷ˵һЩ˿𣬵вдõȷ
һͻԼԺӡ֪ΪΣĶر磬껹̫ʱ򣬽Ѿˡ¶ҲԽԽͣͥҲԽԽæ
һ££Լķ£һƮɢ棬ߵı鿴Ĳ̫УƺЩǡҲпԼ˰ɡ
Щ죬պȻƮϸѩȻҲ㹻ôҾˡ
ߵСѩ׵ƤëԵøСһĨעĿЩԼֽ˼Ƭѩģûһͻˮ
Ժеĺ÷ƺҲܵ˶ǰΪҪôµ÷Ҳǰˣѩеһ죬ÿĽͥѾûлˣÿֻһжá


 55 

ԴʼѩԺͱһ㣬ÿղϵƮѩֻһһҹһ£ϵ˶ࡣ
ūʹɫްͷɨѩ
ֹСԺˣһҹȥСԺĴƽϸһƽޱȵѩͺһŴ׵Ļȥ档
׼ȥƻƬأԼ˺Ĵ멣ѻѩء
֪ʲôСצ̤棬һһɰС÷ļЦ
һۣԼͬһ
ûлͨһûۣһͿŴ⣬ϲһ˿飬һľˡ
żĲУȴʲôҲˡ
ӣҪԵ㶫
̽Եİϲһǰƣɨһ΢΢ҡͷѩϵĻ
仹˵ЩʲôȥӵӣҲԲ¡
˰˻¯ԺУԼһͤ£ѩ˳ŷƮ˼ѩǼѾˡ
ѩԽԽ󣬲ͣЪ֪ģͥûлΪⳡѵһĴѩ
ߡ
Сů¯Ϊ˵ĽӲܿƵĻѩϣ๾ĹԶֱͣ
ҧأʵĿԺſڴ˴źɫ·ǰճŵһúܣ϶ˡ
ߣ
쿪Լ˫ۣ㶵վ漴뷭ɵĺһ㣬ܹͥǰ˼εĽ˻
㡢ˡ
õıԼһֲˡδδĵļϣһ̤ʵУĻˡ
ţһˡ
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ͥԲģͺůͣ
ȥһ·׼һЩʳҶˡ
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ͥҲʵǶˣҴҵĳһ˵ӣźһЩ
ŶļߣҪһЩСƽﻹǶˡԣڼô
ߣúóԷ𣿡
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ҡаҵȻкúóԷ
ͥǵС֪϶ûԷûԷܻû˯
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ʾú˵һô꣬ͰԼˡԼܲ˹Źүܲˡ
ٷƭˣԷ˯ʱʱŴ⣬ūôȰҲ˵棬ίĲУĨȥ۽ǵˮ̫ˡ
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׾ӵĻԱ˺ĴƣƫƫĲ˵ҿˡ
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д˼飬ʮʱͲˡȫֻд˼ҪǱ֪ԼΪɩ飿
Իһ𣿡߷¿Сּۻۡ
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ͥһ⣬ⲻС͡
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ߺúõһ£ԼȷˡȻȷ˷˼֮ģٸ˼ȪӿˢˢˢľͰѷ˼дˡ
дˡߴīԺͰֽŵУԼ΢ɬ
̧ͥһۣǸոЦֱѹȥ߸ûԼڻһС¡
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ף߶϶Ҫˡ
ߣѩĹ죬ֻô죬͸ô֪࣬𣿴ıѾ˰ˡ
ͥյĿ챨üͷһ
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Ȼ׻˵ѩ׷꣬Ǽ£˭Ҳܲס
š˵ûѩڣҷӦʱѾˡ
Ҫȥ֣벻ʲôҹޣԷʱ䶼ûС
ţ졣
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תͷͼ续ϿһЩ˵Ц˼ûУ۾ȫ档
ҪߣߣԱҵĺòã
ͥ£̾һļôĵ뿪
ҡҲ㵣ģһҪƽòã
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ôã
껹һ£һ¶޷꣬ⳡѩֵжأ
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ĵͷԼһúչǣġ
ĸԽԽˣƽʱ֣ҵĲúҲᱻɳȥ
Ѿ֪οֹܲѩô򵥣Ȼô˵˵ģȫҪһӮһ̡


 56 

ͥ뵽˵רעĿһ۶뿪Ҫȥôˣһһۡ
ͥȻܵҵĿ⣬֪һ˵ţܼ۶ĸо˵ʱҪлµһȻҪԶһӣʱ߻ܴľϲɡ
ôÿ𣿡
΢һ£εĿ
ÿҼÿˡ
ƵĲһһ㻬ͦı
һҪúñ
ͥԳƵЦЦ߲Ŀһۡ
ϲϲаݼڡ
ãͰݼټڣҲϲһİɡ
ϤͷΧһӾ˼ͥϵǣ߲δǰͨĵͷȥһ촽
㡭
߹ƵĿֻҪƽʲôԴӦ㡣
ͥһԼĵ촽Ŀ֪ߵغСѾͷƵĵΪʲôҪڰɣ
ѩµԽĴˣСԺָ˺һ㡣ݵĺ뽻Ժǵĺ÷ǸܵԽԽԽޣ͸һĵζ
ͥ΢ʪͷ뿪Ժתȥ˸ĸԺӡ
ʱɫѾˣؼһƬž˲ѩϼŲͥӭŴѩļᶨ
ˣƺ֪û˯ӵߣϰһƣƺѾá
ˡ
ͥһɫĿףͷֻ¶һ˫һѳ
ǣ˵ϡ˼ײĽҲû
ҹߣ䭿ŵĶӣѾˡ
ҹߡ
һҵĳĬ̶̼Իһ˵Ѿ㹻
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ҵĶɣ죬ֵأϳѪǣ̤ɵءȥɣһСġ
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ϴԽԽңԶֱ˯еļ߲֪һУҪ뿪
ԺĽһ֣ʶߵλãһƬ䡣

һ¾ˣѸٴӴʹ̲סüźߵˣÿ˶ͷҿ
أ
ûӦ

һ񣬻صѾˡ
ץ˱ӣѾˣ
ʲôʱ򣿡

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ɢͷͷԲ˿ı飬ĵĲС
ٷˡ
׼緹ɣһȥٰԺĸĽ
̧ͷЦһۣƿ˱ӡ
伱æȥȥԸ׼緹Ҹ˾ְʲôûз
극ȥٰԺ
ոմţһϯѩӡѾĺܺ񣬻塣
ӣ
߰ɡ
֪䲻䣿
ٰԺԺԶѾѩٶԶԶϲѩٶȡ
ٰԺѾԺˣʲôˡȥʱû˾ڣֻ˰ֽ˳
ٷ˰
ְ̫ˣôˣ
Ϸ˵ëˣȽЩ㣬Ķãɺýȥ
סˣֲظл֡
ת뿪ٰãֿǵӰ뿪΢΢̾һ
˭
ڲŪһŵ裬һСƵš
΢΢һЦһصǴٷˣӿɺã
ڴ˴̵Ȳ裬Сһڣͥߵðɣ
ǣʱߵã֮ǰȥ˹үͷˡ
ǺҲĺݣһԼȥĻᡣ
Ϸ˳һʶˣֻܳһЩŴŴĶ
ҲΪٷ˺ãȻС޷ܰ
Ҳǣⳡѩ֪ʲôʱͣ

ٷˣׯͷǶѽ˱ˣ
Űɣ𽣬ĳ⣬ȥɡ
ѩµֻ̫»ᵢĴһǾ͸ˣĳɵ𣬶˵ܾǾǮ
߿˱˼ǵһķ񣬲ûлʱ䡣
ٷˣ̫Ӹ
֣ôʱ
Ұɡ
һþû̫ˣ֪ں̫ôˡ

µ󣬼ߴһЩϲԵĵĺһЩʱĻȻ̫ӸУҲԼ⡣
͵ͣǰһ⧣ˤúģʱסȻҪˤϡ
Ҫˣ
һµżãƿ׼׷ʲô¡
ô£
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˴õģľȻŸ첲ͷľһѣҲ֪Ǻ»䣬ȫͣʲôش
ιʲôͻȻҪˣ
ߵһƺûнƿӣźʲô
ôˣ
תǸͻȻʲô˵
߿ͷĺܵͣ
ʲô𣿡
ͬ˵࣬ͺеһƴ磬ŵ̽Ե̧ͷһۡ
ÿĪ·Ůǵģ
߼̧ͷѿĲУͷȻңȴʮӣȴһƬҰ
ʲô𣿡Ϊûһ顣
˰ͷĵĺ죬һ㶣æ˰
˾Ⱦǰɣ
˿ǣָȥ̫Ӹʵڲһʱ
˺һʲôܹæľͰȥԼ
ԸֺǸ˵һߣǽһ顣

̫Ӹһžͱ˽ӵĸ߽ǷĸĻ¯һ㡣
ߣ
ͬһμңɫ࣬鿴Ҳ
ôҹˣ
΢ڲڣͥ뿪˾Щļߡ
Ҫ˵һϢǼǸ治ٺúõһӦþͿԻˡ
Ҳ鼤û뵽ҽǰˣ֪ͥô뵽ģݶ̫ˡ
Ǳá
ҩҲ˲ˣʹ֢״˺ܶ࣬ҲȵʱԼȫˡ
һҪ˵˴ѩ֣ɣ


 57 

ߵͷܲǷѩô򵥵顣
ճɿֵ

ǸС֮󣬼߾ľ÷ʲô顣
ȻЩԱܷ絲ѩĵطŲؤŮٶУˡ
㷢˰ɣվ˺
ţǲΪѩ֣
ɬЦˣ߼޹ȥı࣬ٲǰǰ档
ԣڻֻС˶ѡ֪浽ж٣ԽԽֻ࣬¾ǡҲԶԶ򵥣Ȼ֪̫ӻ͸¶˼ֻء
Ҫʲô𣿡
СĶ޳УԵĶɽ亣ζ޵֮ǻû˵ö͸˹Խ쿴ǸӺЩʱ޷Ǵӱܵ׾һЩʲôѡǿԣ뾡Լһͥǰ֣ԼںҲҪġ
񻹲࣬ǿԵĻÿոһݳԵģһЩͺáһ͸ķ˹ͬ£ֻҪмͷˡ
಻˵ҲôǶǴֱ޿ɱܣܾȱȡ
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š
ɡ
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ʱԼҪЩʲôأ̹Լ˵ĶҪԶοĴ顣
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͵͵һۣžડ˵ϣˡĿ˺üͷ˵̺Ҳûжۣŵ˵ո·Ҫôлڿȴһ仰Ҳ˵
ûã
ùҡ
ϴɾСһЩƺͼ󡣼ڼܸĸ谮Ѿһ¶ˡһᣬôһǰ
ִٵˣĵһ鰵ɫĵӣԼϴů·ҪֵǮĶࡣ
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Цˣ⺢ӵǶ¡
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Ǻһûеĺӡ
ȥеˮЩСĺӣܵĲСԼܿޣϲ
ֲԼ˵ûˣԭһЩ¶
ƺʲô˼ǰ׼ס
ˣȾǰɣʲôҪֻҪܸһڳԵľͺãҵţı
ǻ͸ίһЩϣߵĺһ˫ֽĽţᡣ
Ĺڵϣᵹȫһ仰ڣϣҪ˵ʵͻһЩ
ãҴӦ㣬ɣˡ
۾͵ͷ̧Цˣ޵ĸһЩ
ȻĴӦˣоˣ
һ·ˣٷ˵л
عǼͷ
ллллллٷˣĴһᱨģ
԰ͷҲҪ㱨ʲôԺҪúóһõˣȻȥˡ
ȥַԸʰ˼õķ䣬ЩӰס
䣬ȥѹµĶйлҪǡ
ǲ֪ʲôԴٷ˿ʼܼңֻʼйȥһΣ¾ľûбйȥ

ҲҪţ˴ѩ֣ѾȥˡؼеҲҪһҴ˵·Ҫ·ϴɾ͸ǣҷԸȥһԸ
ǣٷˡ
߳ԺŸո˵Ļֿ˿ѩ̲ס̾һŶ첻˻·ʲô취ĵ˼ңΪūΪ澵ģȻҪӷǡ
ҸеҪôǼӣҪôһЩսսʿˣܹģǻԸġÿ궼Ҫеð·ͷܰһѱһѰɡ
˰ѽׯ޻ȫڲֿУֻСãҪ͢
ͥˣӦûڸ·ϡߵʱϢҲԼһţԼǲ֪ôϵ
һ˴ӣѩ˳ŴƮﰲһЩ
ͥ磬㻹

ֻͥԼױİ˺ֵĶǰΪεˣѾʧְֻܿӱ޵׷ϴ󲿶ӡ
Ϻõıں˺ü죬Ҳɲƣ̬
ӣϢһ°ɣֵܲˣ
˵ţֱ࣬üë϶Ⱦ˷ѩ


 58 


ͥͣ¼һƬѩ
˿ŵˣȻ˵ȷˡ
ǾϢһ°ɡ
˵ϢʵҲһƬյأóѱʯͷĸ
ӣʳˮݸͥͥkһŽԼ
忴ճ£ЩԼҹӺʱԹʳ
ͥԵͨʳûκεı顣һԳԣ֪Щտһƽʳ
ڵı˪Ҫ䣬Ŀңķ򣬾þδ
Ǿ߰ɡͥɨɨϵѩ
ǣ
һʧķѩ

⼸쾩ĸ˶̫ôжҲĵط
άͷ࣬ĺӼҲԸһЩС飬ϾЩɺݶ͵ëȥҪǺúһȥ
ӿ뾩ԽԽ࣬͢Ҳʿרŷֹ˵ҡÿռ߶ʱǲҪеٳЩ顣
ۼ⣬һ۾Ϳ͹µһк˷ܹܵȥˡ
㰲
ͷƿӣһСԴ˳
㣬ԭô𣿡
ˣ粇ʯ۾Ǹɫ·СͷϲһֻСӣľѣƯŮˡ
ͷĿվŵǸ꣬ʵ˭
áÿɰ
ŵͣص֡
ҽмһЦ
ע⵽ٷ˵üС㣬񡣡
С㡱ֲôÿﲻһ˿ʧ䣬Լȫˡ
˷ܵļεı
ϾһδŮӣȻͻСǻҪעһЩǽ棬ڼҲ
Сô
ٷˣһжá
ȷˣڸеʧ䣬·µֽһ
߷ȻһжԼҲԻظˡ
תͷ뿪ٷ˺ͼСһЩ΢̸Сƺںģһθֳİĸо
㣬˵ҿ㣬㿪𣿡
ֻȥЦʮġ
һͰйȥŵüΪԼд鱩¶ˣżĲСȴû뵽ǽȥСסһ󣬲ż
ûɣȥ㣿
Ҳ֪ԼҵƽҲȥҡ˵̰ͼҵĸȨƣû뵽̫߳ˣ
ǣûεĿһԽ龫ֵļһծ
ѾȥˣҲ㣬ڴѩڼҲģȥ
һԺʰˡ
Ǵˣע̬

ģҵĿĹһıӣʱӣĻ
û뵽ȻʱǣѼ͹
һգ۶ˣ

ˣˣ
һźʵ޷˴漱ææ˳
ͥӸһߺŵˣϵķ£ʵôˣ
شˣ֮Ѹٿʼֹصûӡ
ûӣ
ͥЦĿһۣ·һЦ
͢ʮûӣ
İͷȥûٴ𻰡
ͥûϣҲôһС˵ġ
أ
ߡ
ˣþò
ƶһȲͥһۣݰףС
лˣࡣ
ֱͥߵףλһ漴Цºͣƺʲôûз
¹پŴˣ¹ҲԷˡƹһס
ְֱ𣿡ͥŲ豭ǣͷһۡ
¹ٲޡ
δףȻ֪еĽҪ
⡣ҧǱ֡
ŶͥǺЦĿȻá
ѹķŭǿһ˿Цٷµָѹ⣬Ƥ
ˣǵľҲˣˡȥЩԱȫй
ͥЦ޸ķԸȥ
ǡˣҺ黹ûء
תţֹЦ
ܿˣ͢ԶһߣصĹԱһߣμ˴˶ûкɫ
ͥûкѣֱӰ֮ǰֵĵعԱ˳
Ȱʮ˱͵סͽ졣
ЩǰһСɽʮվ
ˣһܡ
ŵʶȤıϣ˲ͷĺһ
ͥðɫŸոմıɫĽĺ⣬ұ̵ıܿǵ⡣
Ϊҽһ컧ıµûһݿ۾ˣǻˣ˵˵Ŀɶԣ
ûܶЩɫ׵ˣĵ˵ͷ
û뵽ͥȻ˴˹˵Щ׶ˡ
˳ǽһѽǱ´µз
ȫ˴ˢˢ˵ϣ㺹۾Ҳû˸Ҳ
ҲҪţ˵ˣһȫȨǱٷ˸Բ£Բյ飬ɱ⣡
ִһһֵıĳ͸޾ɱѪ
һֵĹԱڵأ޷ԼĲˣһжˣ
ͥûһҵǽ壬ֱ߳˴
͢ĹԱվݺݵĵһۣһȽĳһĭ
ޣô죡
ŷĹԱ̰ᣬղ֪˶ٿ࣡ڿʰˡ
ǸɽͷοƵļ
˽ץס½ǣ·ץסΨһһžݡ
ˣȾǡ
ƹǸЦº͵˵ˣǿȥǮɣʮ򣬿ɲСĿ
ƵЦ﷢飬һʧȥ̱ڵϡ
ȥǮǮ
߳Լ֣մʲôණޱһ䡰
ͥʮΨһһˮ裬ůʱЩӽ񾭡
֪ߺúòãûпޣûкúóԷ
ǣҾͲܲһˡ
壿
ڡ
ϸķԸ
ȥһױīֽ

˷ܵĴӦһæȥˡӿ϶Ҫٷдˣߵʱǰϣڿ϶ĲУ


 59 

ͥŰɫ£ǴԼɼС֣ΪƽһĺɫĴ멣ԴʪĳϻƵϴһƬӰ
īֽѾϣһҲûдīѩ׵ֽϽһīš
޲޵ĸһ˿顣ҲʱԼþôˣӦýһ䡣˯ô죬ԼֲˣѰˡ
ޡ
ͥЩ췢鶼ȥһЩΣյĶֻ˵һƽ
֪䣬дҳֽɺСĵķŽŷվŹһͳȥ
ˣڴϳٳû˯⣬ƺȾϺڵĸһЩûϤˣ֪ʲô
ڶ컹ûͥȥסĵط
ԤϣеĻһЩ
ʦ֣
ͥɡ
ͥƿţ·ǰ˱һȲ衣
ʦ֣ˡ
ɫֻûô˯
ȳĺͨΨһ˫۾ž⣬Ⱥлû˻ע˭ҲܲµǻĴ󱦱ÿĩ͢˶㣬ͥ˱¼˵ԸȺ˿᲻Զ졣
࣬հЩ˲־͸һЩ
Ȼ˺ܶʱ䣬ѾֵôˡЩʵڹĺݣʮֻʮϡ֪жУʬҰ֪Щ˯ʱ᲻Щ˵ȡ
һһĸͥ˵ɫԽ࣬ɱ
ôԽģô³͢Ǯɲôõġ
֪СʦŮ˼ܣʮִֶʱҲһ¡ЩˣҲӦá
ͥȥе˽ѣ˻о鼱ٵһһŵ͵۾
λҪ£
λٵ
ֻüϹٷҴææȥͥһµĶ
ҵ˰ɣѾ˱ˣʮȻûһˣǲΪѩ·ûأ
ȵͷסЦ⣬ͥĳ顣
ĹԱͣһЩϣô˵δأ
𣿡ͥͷǣɫıͰǰĿǡ
˵Ǵѩ·ˡ
վһתǡ
ˡ
ѵǰ̰ˣ
⻰Ϲ˵ұŵùڵɪɪ仰ˣֻ½ҪѪڴˡ
Żܵǲǣ
ǣ˵öԣ¹ٻȥӣһ
Ƹһ̨Ǽæ˳¡
ͥüȥûֻ˵졣˵˳ȥ屧űһǴӽ쿪ʼ
죡
ͥһ̯ӵ£ȥ˷سǵĽ죬ոĿ࣬ɫڵĴ󺺾ͳ
ĩͰݼӣ
ͥæǽȥ˵
վֱ˱ͥ߰ͷϿµĺۼȰĴֺݺݵļϣʵ񣬺Сӣûʧ
ӵʱֻҵôߣ񶼳ɴˡ
ͥ游µСΪµͽפط죬û뵽ٿӣԴյϢͼĲУǰԼ˵ʱ䣬ֻͥĵһͱ˽
廹Ƶ꣡
Сӣ㵹Ǳȵ˵ˣ
˻һ¹ȥ;Ͱڵ
ͥ˷ϽҲϵλԽԽõġ
˴ӣһֱפط죬ǳһӦСﶼɷ츮һĺϺ꣬һСġ
ʱһ䡣츮Ǹɽӿͨͷɣ
ҪЩʲô
ͥȥһ¾ֵǲְ¡οΪ͵Ѫ棬ʿǶľżеҵҲʱץ
壬ҴЩҲȥæ
ӣ˭㣿岻ϣһ·ϴССĴɱһֶֻֻµﻹиıơ
ʱôˣôҵأ
Ȼ˷ܵӦһ֪Լҹӽƻúܣȵȣһôʡ
ͥϻصϢĵطʱַ޵ŮĴһ㱡ɴҪּЦҲǲס
ūݼˡΣߵĿһѸٵĵͷȥ
ûԣôپǳˡ
عӣū䡣
λ̵гõһͬ˵Էʳλ£ͺϵһ䡣
ȻǾͳȥɨѩɣԺô࣬壬ȥ
ͥÿٿһۣ࿴Լ۾
ŮŵĿһۣ⡢ôܣǷˣûһ˿ǵġ
ǣӣһһƽѩ˳ɨ㡣Լ֣࣡
ǿɣҼٷһòǸҼٷЬ䣡ɨ
屧Žпϣɨѩ
ѩϣûһڻˮϵ·ȫʪˣɫϣͣһԱߣ˺ܾûܹĿˡޣˣ
ͥóֽʣոԼ̲סЩ⣬Ӧø߰ߣߣԼҲԺãܾջķǰߵĺø
ָдҳĴֽװŷ⡣ȥ߾ԴԴյţԶһ

ƽӿһ½½ľˡ߹ʱ䣬ӦͥʼˡѩҲǰЩһ㲻ͣϣӭһ졣
쿴̫ˣ
̫ˣѩͣˣ
̫ɢŴ۵Ĺ⣬ůġȻѩδڣѾ㹻Ҵµϣ
߿žΥָ̫΢΢סЩ۵Ĺ⡣֪ͥǲҲнõ⡣
ŷɫްͬһԲ˳ųһܹ󻹸һСԲ򡣻ŵкһţһһߺ㣡ˣ
ɩˣ
߷Լ֣㶵Ŀǡ
ˣ
ôɵƵģ㣬ţ
Ȼ֪ã뿪һˣ˵һš
ŷֻдšա滹һСŷ⣬дš


 60 

뿪һĻҪĿҲ
ûעǣСĵ˺ŷ⣬ͷǡޣ˼񣿡
߱ˮЦ˳Ϊ˵ԼͻԭյΪҪÿ
ȥĿ˺ü飬ֽԼıǼ⣬ıʣͼûζ
ҧԼӣĴ꣬ûˣȻ⸱ҪˣĴ
ϸĵۺֽԼĺǣǱ಻ѵС鰲ڵײ߷һһ
ãȥڣһɹɹ̫
ٰԺѾҪĵطɾˣǺͼ뵽һȥˡ
ڵȵȷǲˣϣںš
ԶͿһȺ˺ƺĹ۾ϸһźǴ˺Ͷˡ
ǵǸˣˡ
΢΢һЦ𻰡ⲻҲ
ĸ
ãȻˣһȥ䡣
Ĵ֣С԰ȥ
С԰˸ָ÷Ĺ죬÷ȴĺܺá
ժ˼֦ļõģںĵͷϸԲһֱ֦Ц
ȥһٰԺŵ˸ȥ˻԰
ߵʱŰһ֦÷嵽ͷϡ
ĸ
ãҲһ֦
Сԣһ֦ģ˱Ȼˡ
вĸµˣ·泱ʪިԺвڿԼЩϱϱϻο
а¾Ҫˣð
ЩɬͥĲˡ
ģ껹ʲô鶼ӸĬĬ˼һͻȻ
ǣϱأ
֪Դͥ˾߱ÿ춼ԼŶðôһȦɫҲá
ߣֻ׼úϢҪ֪ͥûչ˺㣬ֻ»
߻;ͼ֣ǰ˵ͥˣҶأ
ֱ߱ЦոջЩࡣ
ųǹһҲЩˣԺ׼Ϣ
ڹ⻬ľǰеŮӳһ˫ۣıӣǰЩӻЩĵŵȷһЩȡͷϵķΣĴϣ˯˹ȥ
׼Ҽ죬ϢȥطˡСβͣ
˴ĺʵźף׼ȥѩˡ
СĺǿģͻȻͣԼĶСüëһӿԵĴʯͷ
ôˣΪʲô飬˳Ŀ⿴ȥһͨͨĴʯͷʲôÿġ
ҡҡͷŮȥ
Ů߹ȥһ󺰵
Ҳǻˣٷ˾Ȼģ
˼æʯͷǵͨ죬޴ĽһСעԽ
ŮŲģ͵͵ĿԼҹСС;֮£ͽӣ
ԽԽϤ˺Ǹ
ȵȣûƭˣǻˡ
ҶŽɵ֣ȴߣֹ춯
ﲼǸˣ𣿡
ǣҾǸˡĿûȻǵԼ
΢΢һ䣬һ˿Ц⣬ʵǲ·ˣ
Խĺ죬ҿͷҵġš䡣
ɸȥɣҽϢģǻˡǼ档
ŶӦһתͷһŵЦ
ֿһۣЩʵʵ·ǸǹġǴٷԺĸ󣬿ѩЩûסǰһЩȻҲᱻ˷֡
һԲԲѩ򣬹ͿһۡѩִһЩֿ˼һۡ

㣬㲻ҪǸ˵Ļ
ɻĿʵ˭˵
صĵͷţ
ôˣ·˶ѡȫСˣԱȽϸߡ
㲻̹Լڱ˵˻ǸոǸ˿Ͳԣװ޹ӣڶƶһ
ƶһƹոձ̡
ãҲֲ
Ӧ˵ĺ棬ӡȷá
ڸִ˼죬׼ȥˡЩ֪Ļġ
ȥɣʺһµһжá
һЩСװſڡ
ͼ˵ټ
ԼСż֣ԹԵ˵һ䡰ټ
ɰСתߣֻ֧Сô¡

Һͽһȥ
ѾСװˣ˵ܿȥ˼ңԼǸԺӡ
˿Цã˵˵ټ㻹棬ǹԹԵĺòá
֣ԹվߵߣĿż뿪Լһ档

ĴС϶˴ҵĵҲ˴ɫѾʣһֻһͥ
ڷƵɫ¹⻬ޱȣзһЩߣŪм֣߹ݻ
ȹһΪϪɴ˿ƣ˵봫˵ƵɴҲضá
߿ϲϿǷǲϱȥøеġ
·Ϊӯһյ֫չֳֻ˾ø߹󲻿ַǰһˡ
ٷÿ
ҲˣʱȻһЩȴԽԽÿֻ´ӻʱҲҪһأ
ÿɣҴ
Ҿ֪˵ﶼŴӿЩɡ
λԴؼҹˣǰ뿪ˡʱµҩ˴ǣڵҩάٷ˵壬ѾȫˣҲͥ
ҪҪٷ˰Ѱ
Щģٷô࣬ҹҲ˯ţ¶ȥ˴룬ŻûᡢԴµҩ˰ɣ
Լĵĸ˺ƽղһ棬ڲ֪Ѿôء
䣡ôڲ˵ǹӻ֪ˣûӹȥ򣬵ȷ˾͸
ҲˣԼѹٷˣ˵ûʲô⣬ԼҲиˡ䰡䣡ٷĳ˿ô죡


 61 

˯ڴϻ˻ź춯Сʵٷˣ𣿡
ˡĴڹϣ߷׼´䰴ס
ôˣ
ٷˣڻûɡ
ѣˡԴͥˣһֱԼԹ԰ҩճȣûעⷽ⡣
ãɡҲȷоЩʣǶӣԼƢҲ࣬ŭ
ѴϸĵסȻŵĴ˽
ٷ˰
͡
Լһֻ֣ϸϸĸһƺȷְһΡ
Щţ߿ıûʲôоͺŵĺʱͣˡ
үɱǣ
ϲٷˣˣڿֻһ£ҲЩһȥץÿΡ
ͺ𽼤Ķӣ̫ˣֱǽõϢˡ
Ѿûע˵Щˡ
ˣ
Լ
ȷһ𣿡͸һ˿飬һЩɡ
ٷˣϷҽʮˣ㻹ǿȷġ
𽣬ʹȥ
䣬Ҳȥɣһ˾
һڴϣɢڻǸװϢ
Ļ
ƽƽ̹̹Ķͥĺӣ
˳ָЩķСϣƺûʲôͬѾһСĽԼںһҲڲú󣬺ӵ۾ͻԼ
洫һ󶯾ְŵ߽ڻʹҲûСĹ
ߣ
ôˣ
ţո˵ˣˡ
֣ǰԴĺӣһᡣߣҲǺܺãö຦°
ʲô룬úչԼͺӣͥõģҪһЩеЩҲùˣҺ
߶߶˵һѣ߽
Уչиһ֣չ㡣滹㰲һЩˣǲϲ˶࣬ǲҪǰ㲻ܲҪ֪𣿡
֪ģһúչԼͺӵġ
߻ܽţǿԼţҲ
ˣúϢ
뿪һʮƵ֡
ٷˣҲֱá
֣ǾҪൣˡ
ٷ˵Цˡ
Цºˡ
򸮴ˣһչио飬һֺҩšʮأȫܳ¶ҽҲһЩ˽⣬ٷߣȻ׷˵˼
µһҪˣҲû뵽ϢӶкˣ˱ˡ

ʮʱһЩ˻ؼžˣֻһЩӣ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
һӦﶼѾȥҺüлûг·Ӧֻǿ˴θʱ̶ڱ䣬͵ֳԲ£Ŷþݵ
Ĺ綨ʮϣΪжиҲѭˣǶһʲôʲôʽ
ٳٲϵĹѾĹ֣΢΢һЦһˡ
ô˵Ǳô
Ҳ죬֪һЩڹأָߣǻҵĵճοҲͥ˵һλ˱ȹҪһЩ
꣬ͬ˰ɣǵﻹڣ֪жˡ
䭺¶˸֮ɫʮʱĸ˫˫սɳҪǻſһӸö˰
Ӳ˵⻰ҳԷ
һ䣬ϯʹ˰˵ֽ֡
֮ȥ׼̻𣬺ÿĺܡ
ҵͷӦǡ̻ھÿ궼ڸ̻дʡʮıߵʢұ֪ʼ̻ˡ
һ˳磬󣬵Ժȥ
Ѿں̻𣬷мǸִָߣǽĵһһͥ㣬ǽڣ㡣
Ϸ԰ѻݸȥɣСЩ
ǡȼ˻ߣûһһ޴ޱȵĻ߳˺ҹը޴ޱȵ̻СǵըСɫĺÿˡߵձӳͨ
ˣµһˣΩԸƽƽˣȻȥϢˡ
ڻٰԺҲԼԺӣԺ̧ͷܿǱߵĻ
Ըͬ࣬곣
˫ֺʮ۾۾Ǵһ˿ǳЦܸ˴ϣͥ磬ϣڷƽƽ

ĹԱܻؼңǴҾһһ꣬˴£Ҷһ£ͥҲûţ˱ľƣһƿ£Լпϣһûһĺš
ˮһЩСѩ֪ߺòãһ궼ûкһһί
ˣһ
һƹûػֱӵݵǰ
ͥЦĿһۣûӣֱֱ֪ߺԼǲһ
ǲҺ𣿡
ܼ𣿺˵ʲô鲻ֱ˵ɡ
ͥɫ⣬밢ĺúõģûë
ͬôҲûкúģŽպʱ򣬲ģ
ưǱһûٸˡ
ʲô
ļߡ
ͥĺĿޱ˵Ӧýˡ
ãǱˡ
˼ûȤͥˣ뿪
һź룬𣿡
ƿžડڵϣˤƬϺõ滨ɢһأ硣
ͥһĿĺϣƷպաǵͨ죬еһγ˺£ɱԼ
˵һ飿ͥһ࣬еԽԽ󣬺Ƶ۾ĵĺܴ󣬲˺Ѫ˿ۿžҪˡ
þȫҪ֣ȴ˿Ҳ˵ˡ
ͥһĨ̵Цݺݵˤǽϣͬˮ˴ڴڵĺš
ȿȿȣҺǷޣ֪𣿡
ͥߣԭǵã
ƸոջͨһӱòҰף˵㡢֪
Ҳ֪һ֪ˣ֪㵱ʱΪʲô𣿡
㣡
ûн̹㲻ҪǱ˵û̹ûϵҽ̽㡣
ͥ˫ȭúƱףһϢ
ҵӡоԼһ֮˵˳
Ҳ֪


 62 

Ⱳֻһİ˰ˡ
ͥվֱ忴ɺ޲ûϡ
ƳճյЦˣ˵öԣںҲûпˡ
˰ߡһʱŷɫŵʲôԼѼ񵽵ĺӻһͷࡣİȢˣԼȴ;סۣһӽԺ
ʲôţ
Ŷˡ
Լֻôһֿʼʧڹٳˡ
ˣǸŮѾҪԼ˰
ƣ˵Լǲǻõġ
ƣҾ㣬Щֶκ˼Ѿһ㻹һãԶҪȫûȻĻɱ㡣
ڱĵϣʹⲻǰҲԼļߡ
֪ҶԲֻúò
³仰һ˿ϣͥ
ͥҧأݺ°ͣ˻
Ժ󲻻ȥֻﲻҡ
k֣ѪˮҲҪ˵
ͥһԲĿ˵βֵȷķȻͷĹԱЩйᣬҹҪ
ƣؾ뾩ܻִˣĺݡ
ѾǺִǾɱ
ͥת뿪ƿıӰҪúöõŮӡ
ͥһ٣ûлͷֻһ仰
ֻ֪㲻֪
һ񿴼Ǹ˳Ц
ǰ֪Լ֪˻һһȫȫⰮԼһôҸ飬Լûˡ
Ҳ÷ˣ̤ϣûʧӣҲûҪ޸ͥʱûֹҲûѡԼڣԼߵĻҲûС
ͥµӲҲһ¡֪츮ͥŮˣҲ֪ﰵж˶Ʒ
ͥһŲӣȫ˳ԼӸϾͲһˡ֮ӣԼأһڵĸ³Ӱˡûкһˡ
ԼѾԲһˣһͲҪЩûȥڸԼ˽ˡڸһȫȫⱻ˰ŵĸܰˡ
ԼԶԶģǶõġ
ߣһŪˡ
ƽˣһţ˫ֽıԼļ򣬾ͺĸ׸ʱȫƣ޵ľһӡ

ֿʼβʱéҲɣµگѾũ˰һ꣬㹻Ϣˡ˰گĻжԷһɹԱİ⡣µĹԱûһ·ϹҪ£·ɲȺס
ͥѹƼǾġ
壬ܲݹܰ£ºµεĸ˾͵ˡ
ɫһ䣬ԼֱлҵĴⲻΪһ򣬽Ҵ̿ԣҹЩвС
ͥҲ֪ȷЩΪˣѡʵѶûУԼȥҪӺ¡
ˣ֪¹ٿɷ񣿡=~ѩ~~~~=
׵ĺվ˳ʹޱҲվıֱ
ҵû뵽ˤôػˣ㵱Ҫ
ͥĿĿһ档
ǣ¹ٵµĸٻؾ
ãʱţʣµһӦҲ㸺𡣡
ͥϣ˵뿪Ѿʰöھͻؾ
˵ȵȣ
׼ȥͥˣʵ˺ˣ
ʹһĨЦ¹ٲڣֻ¹һ¡
˵
ؾһ棬Ȼ뾩ء
Ըðϸʱ˿̣Ƕôеϣֻܹͥͬϣã
Ը⣬ҴӦ㡣ݣ
ɳһƻллˡ
ɣͥĲһɽ磬ϵ£Զ塣ԼأͬˮʲôҲץסʲôҲ¡

ӣӦʲôˣôһ仰Ҳס֮ǰ˻ˮûôǿˡ
ûʲôһ˰ˣǼӽؾĸˣݣͥ۱޳Զ弱æϡ
ӵȵңʲô˰ˣӣ

ٷˣӵˣһǱ߾͸дˡ
Ϥŷױ̨ϡ
ûױɢųڸĦʧߣ˯á
ӵٷš
ȥɣ첻ٰĦˡ
ŵʱ˶ȥдŶǸһЩ£ǰյһ˵Լ־ᶨֻһˡ
ߴûлɹԼ⣬ҲǰУ뿪һȹӶһ顣žİļˡӣӦѾӷһʱˣҪ˶ã˾Ϳ˰ɡ
ã̫µı߲ʵĹ⣬ڻıˮεδĴʯϣˡ
ʱѾ˰ɣҲһЩļûˡ

ٷˣļһɡ
ն˽߾ͼæ˳ȥһʷ˳Ÿˡ
һ¼߾;ԼҪ³ˡ·ӦرأһȶŲãƫƫҪ壬СŷóԵľһ㡣
ٷ˻ûȣ
ôýȥôó֪ô¡
û֪ʲôʱ
ǴڵĻٷһںȵҪһЩ
ⲻͻ𣿡
󿴣СԲ˽꣡˵
˷ܵĲУȴһû
ͥӹļŶ˽ȥ
˵Ҳˣڲ
Ĳ𣿡
ȡ߰ϣ͵վȴת
ôͷң
ͥѼϣĻסľˣԼ۾
ڻˣϤĴУϤζҲڰˡ
ңһӰͥûע⣬汻óˡ
ôˣǲ˭ˣ
ͥˣվǰĿԼĲһ
㣬ֻ㣡
߾ǿ̧ͷҪҲȥǲ
ҡҴˡ
ͥ޴վţȻЩί
Ķˣ
ע˼һЩ
˵ҴĶҾʹĶˡͥĲ֪ԼˡǿߵӺĺίѲԼʲô֪ĵطˣ


 63 

㡢֪ԼˣĽͣʼûôԽԽˡ
òãҵĴúõľͰ˸ǿˣҲ˲٣Ժ
ˣ߾ߣͻ
ڱﲻסˣ޵ĲУǰ˼Լϲ˲䡣
ͥˣԭԼߵʱû˵
ߣҲˡ
׵䱻߰㣬ͥĿûôԽԽһСˡ
߲ӦЩеί˳еļÿնʱĻűȾϲҪһЩ
֣ܹͥ޿֣˵ҲҸüȡ֣ԼĵȷЩˡ
ƽϢͥĴϸϸĿţһ˿ۡŶãôô࣬°͸ˣϵҲˣеڣһ˯òá
ߣԲҴӦҪúչ㣬ȢͰڼԲ𡣡
Ѿˣ˵ЩһɵͷҲûа취ʵҲûʲô
ЩĺһƵģһС¾Ҫñµ컹Ҫ죬ΪĪԭᣬһҲϲԼ
޶˰ɣǺһ㼦
ͥҨһķ̽һ£ͽ
ҲǽСĵȷһζûУ߰һ붼ˡ
ٺһ㣿
ҪˡҡҡͷԼĶӣ챦ԡ
ͥ˰ѶʰȥϸԼ
ôˣ񣬾ǿЩƣһҹ̵ĸϻġ
ȥϴȻú˯һòãβմһЩ㣬ǼɾģƽʱҲϲɫ·ǸŻôǱ
ãһ˯ͥͷһ۾οƵͷ뿪ˡ
żС˶šٷ˳ԲãҲ㷲ȻûǣٷٲֻСλþͱסˡ
㣬ٷ˳𣿡
һСѾͷĽӹӣһ䡣
˳ˣӻˣǿʱˡҲ˰ǹзӡ

Ϣɡϴûһ˯⣬˯ִıҪ˯š
ͥ۾Ժо˯ˣ۾ҲϵĶҲͣˡ
ͥ˯۾ַŽҴʵʵġҲѧһһµģ˯øһЩ
ⲻһСͥĵ˯ˡ
ͥ˯һͷ˴һ㶼ûоŵߡԺûмĸĸڹȥ١

ˣ
ˡ
εĲ°ĲôѺĶˣ
һݶģһҲԪ˧ӡ
ǶԼҪġ
䭾Ŀһۣ⻰ɲšȻؾûжãҲ˵˺
˿ɲ򵥣Եʱ̽ȷڹ¾Ͱ˻Ŷãֵ¶Ҳһ֡
ʱգֻ»Ǵ쳯ִ֮ţ
Ҫǣ˵˰ԼӰ˼Ҹغˡ׻˵֮𣬲죬˻ͥģʹӾõˡ
ģȽϸӣ÷ϡ
ͥ˵ҲˣӴˣЩԼס
ȥɣĸȥȥˡ
ǣˡ
ֱͥȥٰãȥʱպãԺɹ̫һ۾Ϳ
ˡ
һֻ۾һۣƵıϡ
һ·ȫ𣿡
ȫĸҵ˺ܺʹͥһק˫ֳʸ֡
ԭĸŰɡ
΢Цҡҡͷӡ
ȻˣûĵŰɣԺЩҲ㡣
ĸɲС
ǵ۾ߵĹȺݺݵĸһ¡
ͻȻͥ
ʲô
һһ룬žţң
⻰ְͥ˻ȥ
ⲻһ򵥵壬ֱһոǿҳ϶Ⱥܸߵİη־ڰﱣͥ˲ٵİɱʵá
ˣȥɣɹ̫
ͥ뿪ߵſֽס
ϱ岻úտţȥ٣úβúãһʡ
ͥһ̫̫Ҳ󰡡
ĸ˵ʲôأôû˺˵
ϰˣû˵Ҳû˵ոȥݼҲûԼ˵
û˺˵ڲǺ˵𣿿߿ߣɹ̫
һξˣôҲס̫ԣҪǰ߻ˡ
߻ˣ
Լˣ
ͥ¶ɵЦþûɢֱٰܻԺ˿˻ΪԼۻˣԼҴӻ·ŵһ죬ǹ£
ͥͣſڣΪոտٱܺЩ٣ŵһڿˮŰϵַһЩ𣬻һЩ£Ҫ֪߻У֡ǵȥǾԻ֮ǰŵĸ׵һЩ
ӣôȥ
һ밲̥ҩվſһе档
㡢ٷ˻ˣ
ͥһ飬ɶͷԣȫ˶֪˰
ǰߺ󲻾÷ֵģڲˡûи𣿡
Ҳ֪вƴһ˿ɱһ㶣һǾ͸ˡ
ͽȥɡͥ΢Цһۣת˰еǰ
֪ٷ˻ˣ
֪֪
ƾ꾭ķһЩͬɫԼֻ֣Ĳ֪
ΪʲôңͥǴＷ仰
ҡΪ˸߹ˣٲùүҲø˰˵ٷ˾һ㣬Ҳû˵ˡ
ûеһ֪ԼҪϢŻأֻˡ
Ϊδĺӣξʱ㡣ԺٷйصҪϸң𣿡²ٳֵڶΡ
ǣлӡ
һͥҲ࣬ʶһԼҪˣҪǰһЩ
ԺѾˣ̥ҩƺûж
ߡ
̧ͷΪʲôһĸж
ͥǰСİͷĶϣһůͨ
ôˣһͷĶ
Ҫˡ


 64 

Цúᣬ԰кˣ㿪𣿡
ġͥҪֲڼԱߣͷıģĽȥ²ԵӡͷԲ˰˴˵ֽһһ𡣴ʱ˿̣ǸСΪһ塣

ͥ¸˼٣רڸżߡ˳ѩʱǼӰˡ
ӿ뾩ڻҪ̤˻·ȥľͻһƬĵأӣԼֵء
ЩӣҪǻҵõԼˣúӸšѰľЩûûͶĺӣ鱾Ǽڹܣڻˣͽͥ
˰ЩӴǰʮ꣬СꡣЩȽϾЩľľģ֪ǲΰǸŵˡ
ͥٷ˵ķ岻ʱҹܡ
ֻҷɿĿһۣһЩСĻҿ޳
ͥǿЦãԼѾͰˣΪ߻УҲƽ֮࣬ǰѾºˣʱ˵ɡ
׼ޣкӸ׼
һСŵôһöԼứֱ
æοûпˡ
ͥһ˸һЩǹǳһҲûôˡ
ǵĸĸѾȥˣ·ѡһһЩ˼ûкӣԸǣȥ˾µĵǻúöǣڶǿǷһԺҪӦһ飬Լѡ
һЩӿʼ˼һЩӻãţֻ֪Զ
Сָָͥеߡ
ͥ˿ˣ⺢ģҲЩӶ
ȥúǣҴ𸴣Щ˼ҲõģһЩ˺ӵġ
ͷӦǣתҪߣǹ˳
ٷ廹𣿡
֪ͥǼ߾һҲ֤ġ
£û龡ȥ
ͥǶһ䣬ȥˡ
ߵЩǰĺӣǽлԼסŵӡ
ЩӻСͥ˵˼һһǽЩҪôѡҪ

ôź𣿡
ߵĶѾһЩģ·ȽϿɣϸҲ
źˣҩ𣿡
ûСȻûôˣҩʵЩţҪȣҲҪȣʲôʱǸͷ
ͥһ飬֪ڷˡĲҩһ÷Ȼһҩȥһ÷һҩǺˡ
ǲˣ
ͣɽһЩһϡѾˣڳȥãԺҲ¼
һ㡣Ѿ£ûô߻ǺСģƽվڻ԰䡣
ǹǳȥ̤࣬ɽ֪һطһĺܺá
Ǻӡ߸ԼĶӣЩġ
ûϵһ·ȥƽأһҲɽ£µġ
ҲȷЩᷳ˸ǧƪһɵķ羰ȥһˡ
á
֪Ҫȥæּͥӹһ㣬Ҳһŵȫ˼ϲԵġ
һСġǵĶ
ЩֵĿԼһۣҪߥޣ߿ɲҳȥ档
ġ
ƽȣûһ
߷ӣ׼Ե㶫ע⵽ͥɫЩأЩա
ͥ磬ôˣǳʲô𣿡
ͥȻڼңһЩҪ߾İ˽͹ġ
ǡͥ죬ƻؾˡ
ţؾʲôϵ
ѾˣһΣʲôıˣһĺʲôûͰһİ˾ͺá
һ档
ͥ˵⻰žü֣úõԼȥһĻˣǸ˶
ң߻еļμ棬һЩ⣬ƺǰһˡѵԼһ
㲻ͲѾ뾩ˡˣͥ߳
أ
ʶĺһӷѾĻרоҪڴ쳯Լһϯ֮أΪ˴ﵽĿģԼӣˣûĵʯͷ
ǣѾͬˣպߡ
ǱһɡǿһĨЦ˼ǧ
߿۵ķۣһ󳩿졣֪˭ֵģǺÿˡ
ͥһСͤԱߣͤһˡ
ҾָָԶһô߿ˡ
ûǰߣҲûúƳ
ˣʲô˵ɣұϾǱ˵ӡ
ͤӲСվλøպãӵʵʵһҲ档
վҪߵȥ˵˳ͤӣҲûʲô˵ġ
ͣס˽ţŸԼһ衣ԼΪʲôˣͬһǵǰһ
ˣպҪ뾩ˣ֪ûʲôҪ˵
еĲʹ࣬ƽʱûʲôͬ
ȥףǰ;ƺóԸ
óԸóԸţֻô̵ľ룬һϼԼһ档
ǴûұˣҼҷڵҡ
лˣУߣԲ𡣡
⻰ûһ㲨ֱת뿪ˡѾûһ飬ǲԭ£˵Ǹʲôá
ͥæȥ
̸ˣ
̸ˡ
ͥУûгЩʲôǾһʱ䣬Ҳ仰
ͥͤһۣһǺɫڷƮ
߰ɡ
ǣӡ
ƸոĵĳֻһıӰͬһС͵һ㿴ͥСĵĲϳһȫȫ⡣Լ֪˶١
֮ǰԼ˵һ仰Ȼ˽Լֻǰ뷨ˡԼȻҪߣβһһЩǰ¶һ̣ƮƬְɡ

ͥסߵ֣ЩĵĿ
㡢㲻Һ𣿡
ץԼ°׵ȹӣŪһȦ塣
ͥӴԼȣָʮָۡ
Ҳ㣬֪Ҳ㡣֪ͥĲ࣬ǿԼЩΣҼ߼޽֮ⳡҲˡʱԼʺҲթһթȻԼթҿռߵģֻ˶һˡ
Ժúõġ߿Ļе˵仰Լڳװһж£ͬһ㣬һȫµļߡ


 65 

˻кڣߵĶӿѾܴˣθҲܺãҲһȦ
ֿЩģٳԶදǼ߳Բ;ίۣͥÿŲ͵͵ͳԵġСһһ谵򣬼һȣԵĳˡ
ԣѾȥϢˡ
ͥԵĴæȥǵͣҭţһߡ
һ⣬˼ľֺһ衣
Ҳ֪ΪʲôôԣǺԡ
ͥЦ֪ǰһҲ졣
߳Ժ˾˯ͥ˯˾ͽЩȫʰóȥ
ոհĺϣ΢ʵ˭
һϮɫĵӰ߳¹µӰЩ֣ͥһ漴Ķ̹̹ʵ֣Ϣ𣿡
ֻʲôף΢ŵ̾һӣֿ㳤㻹ʲôأ
ֱͥӴҲַ
ӣҲٷ˶ԲǴԭѵûзĶӴһЩ쳣𣿡
ǰʱͷ⣬ٷ˱ٷ绳һ£ǿǶӻԼٷ˵ĶӴи̫󲢲Ǻ£Ǻ̫ܻ֮ǡ
һѣͥҲˡƽҲĶӣûⷽ롣
֣ͥĴȥͥˢıףĸֳһ˿¡
ҲûϾһεԺˡҲһ²⡣
ʲô
һٷ˫̥
ͥȵ˵кӾ㹻ϲ˫̥˵ͬʱŮӻеΣգ߱Сɣ˵Ƕǲ̫Σˣ
֣Щģ˫̥
ĵģЩۿŹӶٷ˵ϤչˣһݡԽǼٷ䰮ǼĽġ
ӣ˼վڻü
л֡ͥת뿪æǰ
ȥԴ
Դͻ˾ֻǱ̫ȥ̫ˡ
ڣڿǴˣ̫Ӹͱոˡ
ͥȡһھȥԴ
ʶԣӹֱɳ۹ȥĽֵһһ

С΢ţһССĹǷ˯ʵʵ䣬ʱˣ
ѾʱˣҪˣ
ɡ
ϣһ˫׵ӡ
ϴһ£ѰںͣȫϲԵġ
أҪԼòͣһûп
һ˫̴ľڿСĵĸһ۰ӣصԴˣ졣
ȻĵͷԴһЩɡԴͥ׼һСӣʲôöϾʱȥЩḻˣ֪ıҪЩ
߳˺󣬱ƵĻȥǰոͨȥԴһƽ
ԴµϣԴ׵üë΢һ漴չ
ϲٷˡӡٷȷΪ˫̥ӱѰиһЩҲģùڵġٷÿù仨԰Ժ
ˣָԲĶϣȻ
лԴ壬Դȥ
ͥԼָڼߵϣովŵ΢ƽӣȻ֪Ǻûǻˡ
Ժ׼һ
߹ԹԵĵͷͷŶӣƵ·峺ĺˮγҸӯ
˫̥ϢܿʹͦŴҲҪԺ
һɢЩĿĶӡ¾Ҫ˵ںѾжˡر棬Ҳ뿴ʲôġ
˹԰еͤϢո£һΧ˼æΧ
οԼĶӣǲõģżߵ⺢ǸģͣͲ
ԭɽѩƵﱻ·ķ͸һЩҸһӵħ
ֶˡ
ҿ𣿡
Ĵںӷڵĵط߹ܵһСС͹𣬾ջء
棡
ԺĺҲֵССŶȥ
ûñŻ˸ԵԺӡ
Դ֪˫̥󣬲ֱǰϸһЩԾͳˡԵĶнֻԻȣÿնҪڲֵʵ˵Լ͹๾ȥü롣

ӾôոһյĹȥŶĹֱվҲԼĽż⡣
ˣһ̫硣ȫѾ׼׵ިԺɵæµҲȥͨס
СѾźģССֻ˵ٷˣЩѪȥҲûʲôãǱæһţϢūͨ
Ҳ֪˵ʵֻðĴԺ˺ȥžǸʲô
һ԰ģתһС䣬ǽϹһĻ
ϵһҪĸƽ
̫бɽ£ިԺûдϢ𽵹ǻͨ˺üΡֻ˵ٷææָϻȥˡ
ͥȥǱ߿һ۾ʹҴһԺ֪ôˡ
һ߽æŶżʵôˣ
ģһжãúչԼȥ
ͥοƵıһͷϡ
ȥɣһ޴룬Ҫʱ򡣡
԰ߡ
ͥתȥԺȻ˵վһһεĺ˳򢻬˫ֽһ𣬺ʱȥӡ
沢ûд̫һСѾ߶һѪˮ߳һסˮ衰žડڵϣصĺȾۣѵʵٷôΪʲôû
СѾ߱ŵòᣬһӹڵϡɫҰףͰ͵Ļص֡˵ڻʱٷʡЩ
һһ£·ʧȥȫˡ
ͥĵķסļ
תͷƽɽۿˣȻ˳
󡢴磬Һú¡Ҫ֪ô࣬ôеġѾĻŰȢܿġ
֪£Ų˵ֻǻûеʱѣµġ
еĲſڣûпҲ֪Ůѵһ顣׵ΪʲôԸˡ


 66 


ˣˣһžϲĺԺŵȫվ
ͷ󺹵֣ͥʵˣ
ԣȥӺ͵ðɡ
ҵĨȥˮֱӳ˲
ͥһԺ
һֱɫƽӦƽġ
ĸƽ
߳һ¡ҹûгʲô顣
ԼĶӣͷһԵͥҧԼ´ô̫Ծ
Ƶָһ·㶵ˣʵʲôˣ
ͥץס֣ͷĶϡ·ݴˣżҲкӵĶͥһŲ
ͷ֪ʲôǰ뵣ġ
ߣިԺūǶһһѪˮҾ뵽㡭ͥͣˣúͰ˵ЩģǸô죿
̫ˣ㿴ͺƽҲһġ
ͥͬƽӸ˺ܴģúԼҲƽĳġ
ʱѾ˿԰Ϣˡ
ҹ߸оһƬʪ۾ĵһȹɫǵͨ죬˯ͥ׾ҪɫԽȥ
ոշһһֻסĸ첲һֻСĵĻĶӡ
Ҫʲôȥá
߽Ͱ͵һ仰Ҳ˵ֻҪ´
ͥԽżӴ򣬿ɫţñӻס棬ΪǷʲôҪ飬Ҫˡ
𡢱Уû¡
߼æסߵĿǲ
ǰҹʲô𣿡
ǣҾ뻻һ·
·
ͥ̽ԵİַڱϣֻǺҿ˱ӡ
һΪʲô£ԭֻȹӴʪˡ
ͥƺ뵽ʲô𾪵Ŀżߡ
ߣ·ݴˣǵ֮󡭡
챻һֻסɫ紺ĵ׼׼˵
ͥҪߵĲܼˣֻñտڲԣȥһ׸ɾ·ϡ
ող
ͥϴһĶͷ
ǸҡҺ˵˰ɣҶӴԺͿƲסױ磬ҡ˵˵ȥˣɢƵĵͣ
̫߳ˣ߳ܵ顣Ⱥͥǵ¶߳һ򱶡ƫƫûɫһֱһֱʣԼԼҪίˣ
ͥĺҲû뵽ոջҪҪѰʲôӰﰢߡ
ѾϨ𣬾˵ĲܼˣǱ˴˶ûз֡
ôûк˵Щ
ͥΪԼѾչ˰㹻ܵЩһ㶼֪ǽ͵͵۵ȹֻ»һֱȥ
˼˵ǽʵʱԣЩȫȥͥԶҲ֪
۾ѾӦ˺ڰԼɼһЩͥ׼ץ˼ߵ֣Ӧú˵ģ˵Զ֪㻳еֻ࣬ӦľӦõġߣң𣿡
⻰ȺģǻǲԸ˵еĿֻЩǸ᲻Լڲδأ
ƲԼ˼ʹ֪ͥ˵һЩƽǡԼҪˣ㲻ƽʲôأ
ߣңҰɡ֪Ҳ
ߵ촽˼ĵпˣ·ݴ֮󲻽ḡףҲҲúܴЩС飬ǿƲԼ壬ĺƿһУͺҰһ㣬ʧȥϡ
˵󣬼ѹĵͷڿƲסԼʱʱԼ˻ʲô
ͥ۵İ֪ģ֪ôί
ߣ㲻ҰޣΰĸסԺǵĺӴˣһĸܹĿ඼ǣ֪ж಻ס
ø˰ɣⶼһЩ£ֻҪ֪ͺˡ
ͥûмش˯ˡ
ʵһҲˣͰԼ̫̫١
ͥ¶˾ģ꺢ӣ㲻Ҫˡ

ٷˣٷ˹ˡ
ڴϣ˻
СĵķŶӣڴߵĵϡ
㣬֪
ߵһʶ´Ůӿ͡һԷʱ򣬺ɫĸһϴ׳١
ڵ̾ΪһЦϵ˿ڣһ
û°ɣ
û£ֻҪ˵ЩҷЦͺá
߼ɫҰûѪɫúϢЩ㡣
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á
ӴĵطڴĸڡĵĴţʾЩ˲Ҫߵ̴ľʵСǰ˯ĺӣĶˡ
ΪῴһװֵСӣûݵģССźһֻСƵġе󣬵ȴǶɰ
߻Ժһīеʱ£ͥô˵ǱȲЩңһСӻûġ
ʻСʱ㹴ճģ
񣬰⸱ٷȥҸСֶӵĵһ
ʲô
ͥƿ߽еĻ
ǣ
Сֶӣȥһ°㻭
ȥɡ
󳯴ʹһɫЦȥ
ϵıīͥ¡żڴߣҲ㻭һͺڵģֽϣӳˣǾͷ
ã
һʵƣԲĶ¶֪ǲǺҲܸܵ縸ĸ̸ĶҲ˷
ԹԵı֣ǻһòã
ǼĶеĺӹûֱͥ꣬Ҳһֱ
ͥīɣõ˼ǰ
ͥĻãͼߵıϲֹһΡǻڻС
Ժӳˣÿ궼ǻһ߿ϲõľװ
ʲô
ͥóһֽȻЦЦЩֵʱдߵģû뵽úõıš
Ĳر𣿡
ϵţͻһŽ
ǣԺûҵ׼͵͵
ЩŶҸģҲһģܿ𣿡
߸ҲŲܣȻ͸Ǿҵˣ㲻׼ûȥ
ͥ⸱ϲС˵ЩˣҶġ


 67 

Ϊ˫̥ҸһЩǲֺԴ˵˫̥Ůڲһ׼ʱԽԽҪСġ
ͥǵĻһԸ뿪ҲҪ⡣΢е紵ݶ͵ǲҪˣ˺ü
̫ĺܣʱ߻ɹ̫ͥԱ߸ͺ顣
Դһ˺ӵĶ;ú˵Լ˼룬ҲǻģһЩȤĹ½
߲֪ܲǾԼͦĵġ
޾ᣬÿÿʱҸ˯ȥ
ٷˣ̫ɽˣ˯ɡ
߱Ľѣ˯ۣͥȻûԼߣⲻ̫԰
أ
Сĵİţһ̻ķ£
ǰԺٷˣ֪ǲūˣܾù⼸첻̫Ծ
֣ȥͥڸ
ǰԺ簡ո˵Ļĳʲô֪ɣ
߸ոߵԺУͣԼĽŲͥվǿķ棬īڵĳ͸һɹ¼źǰܵζ
һοͥͺϵĹһ¾͵ˣã޴룬Щίһۡ
ûţԼСĵ߹ȥ̤ڸɿݵҶϷһûһ㡣
ն˫ʯ۾Ҳˡ
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ͥɵĿһۣյĻش𣺡Ҳ֪
ԼǲˡĲġ
ÿհѰߺ˯֮Ҳ˯ţ޵Ŀ߷ſգʵѹʱĶӡ˯ˣҲ޾ĲҽкĿĺ죬ȥǲôܣôУҲ
ʲôֻڰߣʱţûкӾͺˡõİһ뷨ͻöԲӣڰ˯ź˵Ǹ
סᣬװʲô֪һӡ

ϸĹ۲죬Щ쳣ĵطԴʱĵԴ
ԴϸֽٷˣϷûв´ĻΪǹ࣬޷ƣԺҪעⷽ棬ĵĺͲȫСٷҪϵĸ߹ͺһƽƽġ
л

ûþȣοߣģҲƽͻָˡ
ҺõģǸ̫ˡΨһüҵľûҪˣ˵ͥܿͿԻָǰˡ
û£⺢Ӿƽ̫࣬ʲôԼΨ£޷ԤҲ޷ƣãµԭ򡣰Ҫͥɷ򡣡
Ļ΢ƽһʱϸһЩʱעϤչˣͥȼǰࡣ

ָоʪˣεߵˡĬʮ㣬ͥ˼հѸɾȹùץס֣һƬհס
ֵʹǰȫͬӿͬ
ͥ磬ҡҿҪˣȥźʹ򣬲Ҫż
ͥһ¾ͱòҰףָ΢΢
壡
һ֪ʲôֱӷһֱźǹԺ˶ʼж
֧źǹǲǰӸģӵٷͻȻһһ˵֪ͨ˷ʱ䣬㷢ֻźǹ˼˻ͱ顣
ͥżߵһ仰Ҳ˵ǼһĨЦοƵս֣ģǶúõģһԹԵĵҺòã¡
źִʹǵ֣һְֻŪԹ
֣ͥΧڸûй俴ͬľͷһվԱߣ¾治һء
ȳȥҲæһ˳ȥÿӴԺżҴҵĽһ
ӣӽˡ˵ͽ˷䣬ҪֵʱڹҪﻹǵٷ꺢˵ɡ
ͬܵļڿӾ뵽˵հʱֻԼȴ绹硣
û£ɩһƽġ
ҲһԼҶʧ˻ӻʲôסֻͷɽȥˡ
ĸ
û£
Ҿͥ
ģ㿴ʧǵģôܹ㡣
ˡ
ͥ飬۾ȼ⡣
ȥŰߡ
ȥɡ
֪ͥںֻǸһ䡣Լͬͬأ
ͥƿŽȥһ㶣æȥѪӲܽ
ҪҵķˡֱͥڴǰСϣεסߵ˫֣͸һɴܿߵı顣
⡢ɲУⲻϹأŵģ
ǰûУԺûСٷϻһ䣬Ը
ͥĿһ۶֣ɱ
ĺԼ죬ӣҪɱ
㡢ôˣ
ͷ󺹣ڷȫʪ䴫һһʹ̲סҪгǲУҪʡ
㡣ͥסǻ˵ƽأȫ
ãҡץ֣ովźµһ¾ͰһֻŶԽԽĶӣţӣ£ţ
ӣٷ˳һ㶫ʱţŵ
һŮΡΡİһ뼦˿ͥӹӡ
߲֪Լʲôӣ룬Ӧûܳɣ
ܳɣҪЦһЦһ½ŵգκֻǿһǡ
ڵİߣҿÿİߡ
ͥʪι
ԽԽۣҧס´ͥԼֱ۷ߣѾԺļһҧȥ
ߣ¡
ٷˣټӰѾԶԶԣ
ٷˣڿˣϾͺˣ
ҧԽ׺ݣõϡϾͺˡ
ͷˣͷˣٷˣٷ

ˣǸСӣ
ʧڴڵĴŴ˷
ٷˣһɲй
ԣһӣһ
Ϥʹþɶĺˮϸֿϲ顣
ٷ˿˿ˣ
ˣǸСС㣡
һǰһڣֱιȥˡ


 68 

ߣͥĿѣ˻ƵĴ𣺡
ŵ̱ڵϣֿʼû£ٷֻιȥˣιȥˡ
ͥץĿסҲ̲ᣬ֪֪Ҫˣ
˺ѷεһ𣬾ɫ䣬ǣ
ոߵſڣźѾ߾ͱӹŵͷѾң󱳱ʪһˣһĨظЦϲˣһһŮĸƽ
ԺҲҪˣȻӶ࣬ҲҪð
һƽͺãƽͺã
ѺӱȥѾ׼ˣǶͣ
˿ո߹ҵ̫̲סЦԽԽˡ
ӣҪٷ˻·졣
֪ˡͥɿ֣˵һߣǶ΢һЩһ䣬СЩ
ǡ
һȺϢȥͥһڷС֪ǲĴܸоһֵѪڱǼ䡣
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ˡ
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ͷһֱû뿪ٷˣǷ޹˿Ҳж
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ǣˡ

ָ΢΢һ£δ˯ͥһ¾ѹ
ߣ
Ժĺ˺ӵĿСͥ
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ͥڽԼΪʲôƤôأΪʲô۾
һư׹͸߿ɫ԰·ˣһĨЦôˣ
Ҹˡ˵Ÿ˵Ļƫƫ͸ŨŨί
𣿽𣿡
ʵûмںӳʲô֪ǰˣҪش
ƭˡһӾ֪һֱصڡ
ߣԺǲ˺òãӾ͹ˡһΣͥǰȥˣԲע⣬Ͼûˡʵ̫ˣΪ޲üûлС
ҶˣԼȡ
ãšͥᣬָֻģΨβһ쿴ĳ޹
ûлش⣬ȻԼҲܺ£˺ֵ֮ܽ以ﻥСǰδЩºӺͿʼΪǿǡ
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ǣٷˡ
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ڳһڡ
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ҿҵСԹԡ
Сӡһɫٰŵĺӵݹ߲ҽܣСĵ˯֪ǲΪ˫̥ԭ򣬿ȴĺСһЩ⡣
ӵƤģģЩоĸ˵Խ죬ԺƤԽףԼǻһСɾ
ͥ磬𣿡
ͥסСĵİָС֪ӸܵʲôץסǸָϸˡ
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һĶͷӵʶſһ
Ķˣ
ͥǸӣֿһԼߵޣ͡
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۾ߣԼҲԼͷ̫ˣԼĵطҪһЩǵĹԹŮ
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ūԱʾһ£ͥһˣѧ˵СĵİŮޱһҲҶ̫ˣһͻ
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ո꣬ӾʹѸҲѣСɲСҪָӮ
ôˣǶˣˣͥɫһ䣬úõôͿˣ
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Ů湻һ۶ӣҲǸ磬ôһЩͷҲõĺںܡ
ͬİ⻹һЩΣϣӳԺͬһ㱣Լĸףá
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ѽ
ŵĸҴ˱ӣȥ˼
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߾֪ˡ
ǿҪһͬʣ֪ϲãɡ
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ҵжԴϣϾ͸һЩ
߷ҲտһЩ
ˣͥ磬ȡʲô𣿡
֣
ڰҹ˵ʱǳʱ˺ӣϣԼĺ̫ңǰ財
ĸӰӽǳþͽǳɡ
أ
磿ͽƳɡ
⺢̫˵ڴΣϣܺúó
ٷˣٷˡ
ȥӡ
ͥתȥ˺ߣô
ɩϲ㣬ҸĻͷЬһһ˫ǸҶġ
˫ЬļΪÿŮܺãȥЩͬϻĶ׺Žǻ·ˣһܺ
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һҪͣҶ֪ûķ¼ӵĳɳ⼸£С仯̫ˡ
ãӿһ𳤴󡣡


 69 

ӳҪСϴ񡱣ںӳʱ͸ȥΪδͣ඼ǽס
ϴĵǵΪ߽ǸţʱΪšһŵĻϵϺɫĳУԺСڼݺλأ󣬼űźӱ㿪ʼʽ
ҲٰԺףһͲһЩˮ׼õƱŽ˲̡Ϊ𱰣˲û˹أŵĴ඼һЩӣŪɸָĻȥϲ졣
ֱӳСĵĽӹΪӱһһЩֻˮ΢΢Ĳһ£Ӵ
޴̲סЦ
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