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˵ɫˣôҲȽϲŮߣϺ¸ңҳĲ䡣
ҪǴ˳ңȥŮʶһ£ϲ֮飬߱ʲôˡ
뵽ܷͻȻһֶ̬ɵ󣬻ɫһˡ
ŶŴ˸õĻɫܷ̾˿
ˣڵĻɫֻܾгˣһɵģҲ֪ʲôʱкڣ
֪ɫᱻƭͲӲܣˣٻ鲻Ҫҵ֤ûɫνȵʵԶС
ҪɫбʣҪûΪˣ֧Լڻ飡
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ɲԴеűǸʹָʲôèһҲһӣɶŮԣһҪöģ׬Ǯճ̣
þķܷʱӦ˿ƽ޵飬Ϊ˻ɫܵصǸ
ΪϷû뵽ȴϷ
δڻСãܷ֪Լش
ԼʣǮܷ褻ҧȥ̽黪ɫϸ
£ܷ褻װȥй䣬һʵؿһ´ҵĿǵ֪ԼᱻŮŪЩˡ
£ڸҳˡ
ܷ褵Ŀܿ챻ֱߵ̯ˡ
ƽΪǣڣһܷǰֱ֣СԸصϡСԵ̯λɢ
Ƿܷ褵һγŹ֣⿴ʲô棬Ҳ˲ǲõϣ濴
Ϳŷܷÿʮ־ᣬ׻ǾҪסС㻳Ǯӡ
ۼԼСʲô󽮲ˣĥôֹʱܷͻȻ̧˳̯λϹŵСͭһ۾ͿڹضԼ
ο࣬һӦģȻڶ࣬ǲҶ֣ǵһᵽĵطѰˡ
ͣͷǱ˶ˡ
ܷ褵ͷŪˣϢ͡
Ͷʱһ亹СЦ
ϲţȴѹüͣ±˷һ
ܷ褷ˣɨһͭѵʱƳԶһ̨ݻĲӭΧΧʮѵصĻⲽϵ˷Ǹ
ܷ褺һ£ͷ

;ͳ촦ȥֱײȻʡ
ƿֱָһ˲䣬ܷȴڰȫͻȻͣס״ƽָװ˵
磬Ҹղ˵Ҫдӣÿѽָ׳Ҫɱڡ
̧ͷһȻ׳߶
ܷ褼ɣƹܣȴ֪ԼѾһΣյ˶ˡ
ȻļУҲÿԱӽԼӡ
ǻעӭ׳˼ȺҲҿŷܷߵķ׳һͷȥ
Զ죬ֻ洫һͳ


ܷͿãѾľʡ
С㣬ǰȫ˰ɡ
ܷ´˴ȻЩƧˣǰһα㵽̫ˡ
˵֪ǻ᲻׷ƦåԽϵ·Ҳǲܵġ
ʲôǿظɣ
ͻ䣬ͻȻǴصĴϢ
Сӣˣӣ
åο࣬ƤڣŭĿԲؿŷܷ褡
ǺǣһΪⱿܲأû뵽ܵĺܿ찡ܷļɫش󣬹Ȼһʱû
åķܷ褣ϻֱӶ֡
ǮӸң
Ҫķܷ褿϶ǮƽˣڣһԼĴ᲻ã
å˿һ룬Ѿǰһص㲿λåʹŭץסܷ褵ļ
ܷҧס˳ǰ̧ϥٴγСͬʱֱָ˫۴ȥ
ʲôˣУ
åֱַʹŻʹ
ܷ褿ɲ˷ʱ䣬Ѿˡ
һһ߰ЩŴΪʲôһҪѼլĵط˾Ҳֻܣ
ܷ褿֧ͣ
һ׷㲻ԥܻظң
صͷղҲˣⲻǣ»СϺȡ
ڣ̫ĺžǰˣ
һ룬һСѾƵ˹



ܷͣ½Ųʹ˸ɫûиåκηӦأֱӳУ
åҪ࣬±㻯˷ܷ褵Ĺơ
ͻ⼸УèһϷʵؿܷ褡
Ҫ̽ңܷ褹ЦŹѾеףԼӸ򲻹ˣ࣡
ɣڻ࣡
Сå̲֪ܷ褵뷨һƽ
Ȼֹ࣬ݣϲ
ЪϢƬ̣һϲ
ܷһϹһ̫Ҳ֪ǱΣ
һԵȴͻȻѣΣյ۾լԺ
ߣСӻ˰ȱȥˣǮң
åӦսپֱ㳯ܷ褵Ļжȥܷ褼æܣȴһǽǡ
Сå֪ʲôͻȻһĨЦ´ǰϸˣĿСɵĶϡ
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ܷüһû뵽к˻ҪɫģǷʤ
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СåӦ˵Цȴҽȡ
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սζڿɫĻѸȼ𣬼ûиӦʱ䣬Ѹٽ˰סϵڵء
ɫĻУһߴӰ֣һ˵Ҳһڷܷ褵ǰ
һɫУ֮һ˫ɫӿŭ⣬ƺʮֲåôʹˡ
ŵϵĻһʧʶղŵåѾ˻ңܷ褼ѵ̿ˮ
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ˣץۣұ˿Ӱ첻ã
Ԩ֪ط֣Ů°ϺһƬһ˿գͣߵϡ
ܷ褵ϵĻңŵϵλҶѣȻ֣ղŴôΪʲôʲô鶼ûУǸʲôĻ
뵽ղԨĻ棬ܷ褼ֱԼĲ²⡣
ҹŴ书ôôֵ𣿿ô
ӿԨߴͦεıӰܷ褻ĥĥߵߣܾƺлҪ˵
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Ƭ̣ϵؿڡ
ղŶлȡ
ԨĬŷܷ褴һͷģ˿̼鷢ıǼ⣬ֺͷ漴ӵ̧ͷ
۾Цһоǻ˵ɫ΢ĺ촽һͬǯ毺õϣµ
ʲô֣ȻԾģڲôˡ
ܷܷ
֪ģȴת䣬Σյˣܷǲٶཻġ
ԨȴͻȻЦһ
ܷܷˡ
ܷ˲ͷƮ죬Ȼںߵģôôûһ˵ְιŮӵĹôУеô
Ԩͷŷܷ褺͸͸Ķ⣬Ī
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ͻȻһŲܷѰȥֻʹż˹
ԶܿĨᣬҪǱ˾ˣ˵ҪôĶ̫үлأ
ܷһ뵽һͬãĪһ񺮣ϸһ뻪ҲԸԼŮص˳Ϲϵɡ
Ƶش֣Ǹ˰ҼлЩ飬֮Ҹлɺã
ϸһ仰Ԩ˿Сһ˿Ц⡣
ѾͷΣûһǺģģδζǱֿƫƫһ˫۾ˡ
΢΢ӦתȺȥûֻͷ˷ܷһۣʹȴջ
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ô룬Ϊʲôȴô찡

͵ܳȥʱǱ֪ˣû취ֿܷģʽձɽԷ
ƻɫЩüĿˣӻ˲٣ڻһջġ
һǰɫĸǰȴһͽλɫȥѹկ˵Ѿ˷ʱһ˴˶ʮͽȻ˻ɫ
ɽ˵׷£ʧɽ£Ļҵˡ
¹غŮڲֻм֪λͨһ𷣵֣ܷ褲˽ȥ
ֵü˳۵һıС㣬ԽԽòһˣǰӣ͸һɭ֮УڻǸüۣĳţȴʮ鶯
С㣬˵þ䶼滰ţȥʴֻܴʦʱΪɫСʹεġ
ܷתȣܴʦˡ
ܴʦ𷨾Ļȱؼֻܾش˵ܴʦһɫ;ʮԵԲֹҽʵ
ָ㣬ɫڲѧһ꣬ҦѾͷ˵ͨҽɼͦбµģ
ܷһԭα̬ƿڡ
ֵĻܲţ˵µȥҲ֪¶ԱþУҲ֪ȤˣΪЦһˡ
ֻصƲƲͣһСӣ֪Լ⼸仰϶ˡ
ҧ˵ĹУСһ飬ҲǵУҪ˻˻ϽҧǼ˵£ͲСˡ
ǱߣܷһؾԷȥ
ͣҷˣֻȥɡ
ź̾Ϣһɡ
˳ȥɽԷ˼䣬û˸ϽŸһתֱϵԷȥ
ɽԷߣܷſ´ߵֵȣڵȵϹ˻



С㣬ǸȥԺˡ
ܷ褵س°ͣôҾ˵ǹİɡ
ָãСڷֱӾ͸ϳˣ˵ʲôɴʹӣŪ˭أ
ԼǼӣСȻֱ֪ȻܣҲ˵ū澣ūΪ˿ʹ˶ӣǮ˶ã
˾ǲôҪ黪ɫ
ϴηܷ褱ʱЩˣϾԻҲֻ뵽ٵ
Ϊðͷ߻װǹҪϴε飬˻һˡ
ڿҲûԭԱñĹϵ
ϻ˿ʵСһô
ҿҲżˣּȻȥһ⣬ҾȥǸϳģ
ҹԲǡ
ԨŻϢ֮һ˫ü΢΢
Ȩҵģ
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ǡ
лԼˡ
ӣСڻϣӵĻԼǰǰȨ˧ǰʥ״͵ġ
пƣͻȻ˼ҹû͵ؿ˿ڣС˵רŸ鱨ģƽ˭֪ģ
˼䣬Ӳǳȥ飬˻˵û⼸䡣
Ȼһ򲻹Щ˽֪飬ڱһ߶صĴһ㣬Լ©ʲôص㡣
ЩԨ˹ؿα̧ŵļּһ䡣
Ƕ֪ ֪СȻ˼ң
Ϊ׵Īص
С׿类ʹУСƽ˵Ƥ泤ܲ鵽ϢЩϿǷλСʲô֮ˡ
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аʹ
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ͥԺֻյҹƣԷſҲûҹڵ΢ƺû˯
ԨһۣҹɫΪһ壬ãϢߵſڣֽڡ
˿̣ܷ˫ߣһϮɴ崿޺˿شڼͷڻ밵£á
ԨǱʲô͵ײһ£СﰲʱȻôԡ
Ȼһ룬ֻڷܷ͵һӡ
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ŮŴ¾ȻôԶ
һһؾҪ죬϶Ҫǹҹ
һԵĲӿ˿Ĵ¹ԣԿ۵øˡ
ܾȻҪôǮ²ɣ
ܷ褲ɸпĲôõģϷȻǴ봽ͱοʼģΪСνǾľˡ
˵棬ҲҪǮģǸϽоһȡ˴ʲôİɡ
⣬ԨСüͷչֹɵطд˻ذ
ԶİʼԼƽ͵˻ͷƤˣ
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ղſɿģӾȻ˼ҹĴֽ͵
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㲻ץ˼ңҹԼʮŵˣ
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ԣɻ󲻽⣬ȫ˸ղԼԲֿܣ˵̬ȣôֵֹأ
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ܾģҲҰ
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õ˼׼ķܷ֯˴˴δεĶ顣
γлװ磬Ҳ٣һ˳ϣǻɹĸ
ĸûиаʵ꣬СģǽһҰ񣬷ܷ褶Դ˺⡣
԰ʵĿķǳ죡
ٽɽƲеһɽ·䡣
һڽʯ̨룬ĳһϣϣܷ褣ͣ棬Ͼ޿֮ɫ
ܷôҲû뵽ɽ·Уƫƫɽ̧ȫȥˣϻȰϢһٵɽ
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ԲԼǧСˡ
ĸһΪֲҴߴ٣ٲɽֻҪɽйҹˣǼ˻ãɱС֦Ҷôܸɽн͡
ʿɲںʲôС˵ãҪܷ褣ῴŮһۣҲë
үǿɣٲҪɽйҹˣ
ܷܷѾûӦʵĴߴˣһ·Ͼߵڡ
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С΢Ц˫ƺʮλʩǱǸнй͵ãӴλЩɽȥɡ
˵꣬СоҪţܷۼֹֿ
Сʦͨһôɽİݷ涼͸ߣ㲻·ô
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ܷƲƲ˵ǰƽȣôȺɮУͷ˹ͣƶͣǼҲǷҪΪ㣬ֻɽʵڲˣôЪһɽɣȥŹҲô
ܷҪϢһ˼йͲСĲʱ򣬵ͣɽԼֱӹɽȥ
С˼ƺ÷ܷ˵е˿ܷһˣ˵˾Եȱˡ
ܷ褵˻ΪûϷˣʹɽʱִˡ
СУʦ˵λޣȥʹǷͬ⣡




ܷһ˼顣
ͻȻЩ㲻е˼ˣǹȥأ
С΢ЦѯʣСɮʩȥ
˵ţСѾǰ·ˣܷæȥ
ڲȱȽǣǰһ˸ߵĴ¯ȻͦУɾһ㡣
ܷеľɫ䡰ͷӳУ£Св硣
Сʦ֪ʲôˣ ˣҪ˽һ¶Էϸźá
Сҡҡͷ˵
Ҫܿ˵˵ɣ
˵ǰ¡
ܷһСʱǹҪ£Ҳ˵İˡ
ȷܷʣСͻȻͣ½Ųָǰķ˵ʹ˿ǷУʩȥܼ
ܷлСУ漴¹ڴǰţĥһ´漴ڡ
̨СԶɽ𣬲֪й͵徲ɫɷͨҵһһǾͻɽġ


ӦһƬ
ܷ°ͣѵ˯ˣ
̨
˵
ڴ˷ܷһ߶һ䡰ˡ˽ȥ
л谵ֻţһƬУܷԼλбһӣ޳֧ãɳԺǷŲ̬Ĳ԰ףȴ޵̾
ܷ۾Ƹϸ𾪵س˼

Ԩ

Ԩ겻ϳ𾪵飬ڷܷļ˶ԭء
λ͵òѾ˾ȣûСﲻݣ
㿴˼ҿҲһͺɣ
ȻعĿԼӺ½֮ת˼Ȧ
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ʲôϵô׽գ㱦ôô㣿Ů̫֪߳ˣ
̲֪룬ܷ־̾һ䣺
ô
˧˳ٵı
ĬãԨ̧СǾϲ˫ۡ
Сֵԣ»֡
ܷ褿񣬡
֣ô
ȵȣɽ۵ôȱ־˰ɣıôأ
ǰλҪĹͰǾǷд˯ĹͰ

ܷ褺ɫش˵Ŀա
λȻұú񣬵òϣֵҪʤһ֡
ô Ԩǣû뵽СȻ
ǰ˳ܷ褣ŷܷһӵѣү¡
ܷſˮͷǸǣ̨ҺҵСڴסһôǱ֤ŵģ
޳ָǣƬ̺ԨЦſڡ
סһ
ܷ͵ͷţ
ƾʲôأ
ܷ褣
ѸŶû뵽㳤ôÿȴôȤζղһЦӯӯΪϷأ
ȴһƾʲô
˼Ƭ̣ܷԻȡԼĴ湥Ե˹ȥ
ԨһСӻ̵ķӳĲӣֻг̹滮ʮˣʲôˣʲôʳʲôС
ֻ⻭ܡɰ
׼湥ԣԵֻܽҪˣ̨Դ˵οڴ»һһ顣ܷ褽͵
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ֱܷҧÿǿôãϹûһҳҳǽһ
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СĹĵСԨͷڹЦ⣬һΪѵؿڡ
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һԶգϣСʱܷ褵˫̧ۣǰˣĪֵ˼֡
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Ԩһп˵ǲԸ⣬Щɽ
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ôһûСȥͷϢɡ
ԨǺ˳ķ䣬İʻͷԼĴָ
˵һһƣɽĲ죬ŮۻɽֹΪѣҪɽ
Ϊľһ
СˣԽȥӣȻ쿪ʼūūū
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ǺӶϹˣΪȴǺܿĵӣ
䣬ɻòƵˣԨʵ
һμ棬汻ˮСﱧסȣһһš|ҡ
μֱʡô⣿ʮǰǡ
ɱˣеİ|
˭ܵǰǵĳƺ
Ī˼ȣŲײĴ⡣
Ƶ׽֮˶Ū졣
Ȼš
ǲǶԼĳʲô⣬֮ô֮ˣҲʮǧأ
²ȥ顣

ҹ˾֮ʱܷڴϷȥ˯š
˳żе·д
еƹͨ͵нׯϣ·ֵҹоĺһ˼仯⡣
ܷվſоĪ侹һʵУĵһΣԼʵڵˣʵڵ硣
оͻȻͣǰɮ˻ͷܷ褡
ܷǻֻɮ˴üĿ뻨ֱǰ
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ɮЦƶɮ벻Ƕ޷ܽʩɻĲǻҲǻܣܽʩɻǻҲǻܣ
ܷ褣
ţܿԣܷϵѧ
˼϶֪Ҫʲôˣ
㲻ô֪ ɮʼش
ܷ褶ʱһҭ
ԣ룬ȷǻܵķ

ڰ

ܷ߽ϺſһԻܣһشԼЩڵǼ⡣
ô
ЦǺǵسܷ褰ڰ֣ȥ㣬Ǹ˲ң˳Ȼͺá
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ܵͷпȴʵ
ܷ褶ʱȷʵѾźˣҪɷܷ
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δ䣬ܷѾŻʩһƾҪ뿪
ܼ״ֹඣ˾ߣ
ʦҳشæսǮô治.Σʵ˯ųй䣬һǮҲûС
װײΣ ̾
ܷǰ°ֱͦ˸ɮơ֪Сʩ黭һ֪ɲԸһһ񰡣

ܷ˫΢жŻܣСѧϰ̹ӣСҲһ黭һ---һ
ŷһô
һܻ˼˵ԭ黭һһһQǲ¶
ܲͷر죬㻭ͻǵϸһ֪ô
ܷ褣
ʲôϸϸϸ
޿̵˰ںõơ ѽ̫īˣɣ
ܷ褣ܳȻ֪裡
ʳָָָܷ褣𳳣ٳ㵱ץ
ܷҲ볳ܾòһɤӶԲܵı¡
ʦô֪İ
й¶֪֪ҡҡͷֲһ䣬֮֮ô
ܷһصͷʦǸ˾ҪúûţܱϷĹȥˡ
֮ǰԼȷʵû澭Ӫڵܾȫ磬ķչ֮УǻһϯʶԼÿغԼĴ
лʦָ㣬ȻҪҶ͸ô
̿ĵСӣððһҪֵģ۾ͷϴȦȦĻ񡣡
۾
ñڻ
ʦ֪̫ˣ
ǣһܷƵĹߣΪܴʦŻһֱ𴲣Źȥ
ܺܿģִҪԼQ滭й˹հ
ҪǷܷţ⴩Խߵݿ治סˣ
ֱôÿĻȴҸ˿ϧ
һųÿƬȴܷȦһģûţ
ʦ⣬Ըһ¡
ܷͷƤһѰſڣԨſЦЦؿ
ŻѽѽĽʩѽ
ȷֹܷѾ󲽹ȥ԰Լջˡ
ܷͷ۵رս˫ۣҪ˵ӹ뷿֮ΪȡԼĻ磬ô
ʱԨٶ𣬻һ˿졣
ò
ܷ褺ɵؿ㲻ô
ԨȻػصĻҲֵġ
ܷ褣ͱ¶ˡ

С󣬷ܷ褹ԹԵԨ򵼣ǰ֪˵֡
˵ҲɰȻҲĽƫ|Ͳһ֣һ˿Ļȣв˸һǴˣпİ
ºɽƷ壬ܷػÿʼԨ̽
ԡôƫ|ĳ
Ԩؿ
ܷ褣ǿг϶ɣ
Ԩüͷ΢
ܷ褣2020С£ǰɣ
Ԩḧǣһ
ӷŭæӹܷ褻磬ֹССֵܿҪϢϢ
ܷΪʧؿź޷ӦԨͷŶϢһᡣ
ԨŲԶĲȥȱ衣
һһ£Թ嶼ΰݵģȻشɽУСһ㣬ƷȴһҲѷɫƽеľƹݡ
Ск˿Ŵ䰴ϰ߽˲ˮһ˱㶼û˻
ܷγʹ˰ʣԨҲֻ䣬ĸһ·ϱֻзܷ褰䰮䣬ߣҲŲˡ
俴һȦʴԼĴ󵶣ܷһû˯ղ˴һ¾Ϳʼ
ԨˣҸӴ
ڲʱСŲ˹ƺܵ˵ѹַΧСҲҶ˵²ܡ
ɸһת˽ס
С
СսսػͷλĿ͹٣ǿ͹ٳÿ쳣ɫȴˡ
͹Ը
Ƶĸһݡ
Сæȥ
գգ۾ְˣӴСôֻȲأΪ˭еĲԶ
תۼһһµĵʢ
ʸҪ֣ȴڶԨһ۵
ʲԣﰡĲǸ˳Եô
״̻⣬һʱˡ
ֵܸղŲ߶ôϽ˼㲻ô
ܷ褺֪ػ˫ʳϻָࡣ
һԼֱһڣִ࣬Ŵܷ褵˲ͺ
úó԰ š
ʿԵҲȥһ飬һȷʵ
ܷߺһڲˮǡɿһԵԨȲ裬߲ϣ̬԰׵϶˼ֽɫʡ
һ˳Ҳ̫ãɽ˰죬漴ӻע⡣
ĽϰûҸĹԿ֪ܲƲмľ˵ñȹﻹ
ԨԻ
ܷһ˵һָŵĽܣ˿ٺ֣ǸҬŴ٣ش࣬ǿڱõģ˵˷Ʒ岻ֵǰˣѽ
Թղŷܷ褽ܵĵķﰵ؅һҲûãֲĶ
һԵԨȴôΪ˿̣СɫؿͻȻĶƺҲԳһһڡ
µζ˲̼ζ٣ĴһЦô
Ԩͷԡ
õ͵ϿɣܷȻܿģѪһָ
ã̫壬󣬷ܷ褱ǺȲ裬ûϢĻʳԿĲź뿪
СӵûһֱӵĶˣǳԣ
Ҳ˼䣬ǲǻеӰɣ
ܷҪҪһ°ʱֻͻȻͣ¶Ŀɭؿſڡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻСӭ
˴̬ͨţмɽҰç˼
һ䱦صһˤϣֵؿڡ
ĳһ֪޿޿ޣ޵ķѹկˣίˣ
Ҫ˵ƣѹկҲ䣬ĻȥλС㰡Сϸһۣɫ㰡

ھ

ѹկˣȥǹټС㣿
ܷ褷еĲ豭ٴ̧ۿˡ
һӣ˶ŭʮž̳ӹƣһСһӡ
Сһ߼ŻһɱǼˣΪʮô뵽£Ҿʲ˵һֽǮһֽˣ˭뵽·ɱҪġ
¾̳ӣǳ⣬죡Ⱦƣ˭Ҫ˭
СŵһӣԷ
˸Ҫȴ϶ķܷ褡
㿴ʲô
ܷͻȻһ
͵ˣ
ץ𱦽ĵܷһСӣ㻰أʲôأ
ܷ褱ɤžһʱΪ˸ôߡ
ǰϸСүŰ˵ĹʱȴͻȻðһɺſܷˣŲһ˿Щȴ쳣ˣһ˴ͷ俴óģеȴź⡣
вõԤҪ˻ȥСţ¶ӡ
ܺԼ۾ҿ͸ڵ
ܷ褣ңˣˣ
û˸˵ػɽ˾Ȼ
ʣŻң үӸǱģģͲ̫ѡ˸ɲһɽҰͽ
δ䣬Ȼ޷׽һѪɫѾ
ܷû뵽ƢôȻֱȥ.ˣŻŻɽ˵ģûҪģҲ֪һȥ˻веĻ
ֻĿָŰʣ㣡
û˵꣬һѪӿֱȥ
ȷܷ褷ӦǰһƬɫ漴㱻Χڻ
ԨϵĲҩڷܷ褵ıǼ䣬ǿסѪζ
ǰƢð˴Ҳ죬ʵûô£˱Ϊ֮ͽڷƲƵĹŴᣬʰҲеˡ
ͻȻǰ÷ܷ褺𾪣⡣ǲôѪȵĳô
𿴡
̧ܷ࣬ͷǰһԨ
ĿİͰ͵˵һ䣬ңҲ¡
Ԩü·˵㲻Ϊʲôأ
ܷ룬ʱͲ壬ԹԹԱ͡
ܷŶһᣬûʮ룬ͰҪܵӺСץ˻
򴽲ĿԽԨ⿴ȥϰȫˣֻаŵָŹڵϵɽˣ䡭Űʣˡ
ܷ´һ°һŭͻȻðƺȺжԹһ޲ǧı顣
û룬ԼȷʵȺ˻жԹ
ܷ褳ӵĶ̵ֱָĿڴ
ô
С̿ͷģүүүүҰɣҶǱεģ
ܷ褿ĵӣ㲻ˣ
ӣ룡룡үү
ܷͶ䣬Ŀϴתúſڡ
ɣиǣ˭ش⣬Ҿ˭ô
СŰʵĴ󵶼еسܷ褹֣үүʰɣ
ܷ褣˵˵һǰǸϸһ۵ĹСɣүүҲڡ
ʿݵ˲һ㺮˪Ůʲô
ʱСæ
ǵ̫ҵĵճŮһǰܹͰ°ɽկ˳ۺܸߣϴͶ˼ȴû˵λС㰡ϴҸɣǸ˸ˡ
ϴ˵ڶ׮ֻܰŮˣʱװɾģǰ˼˼Ǳɡ
һСҪ˸Ͻӵȴ˸һˣֵǶװװûзȴɱ˴룬ϴ˲׷ȥʱǷѾûټ
ܷüͷ壬ȻȥƻɫҪѯʶǺʱʵ
ϴ˭
С
ӣ
С̿ˮүүǱ㲻Ҫˣǲƽ֪飬үүǸȤѰȥ̫͵ˣľͱˣ
䣬ʵĵѾļϣֱӽڵϡ
ŻڵصСӲС治һ˭ϴ˵ǴӵţдţܳҵŮɽկͱƽˣ
ܷ治֪һ˭Ӷˣ˭ҹ
һʱ뻪ɫͬеϣѾ˲²⡣
ж̵ǰλΣɭô
үүİ֪Ķˣ
ܷ褹һЦһˣֻҪһ£ǿԲɱ㡣
˵˵

µг̽ĺܿ죬ΪҪӺȥлɫ
Ŀ죬صҲ죬÷ܷ褶ﻹһǸϴء
ٽȥõ·ϱɮס
ʩɫݣüгƣҪƶɮæ
ܷһЦˣ˵˵ɣ
˻Ե
ʦҲ
Ŀ佱ɮʮãֹˣƶɮ֪˭
ܷҲøˣʦ˵ɶҶţʲôҲ˵ˣһؼֻҪʦ¶˵ĳԸóһлʦ
ɮ۾ʱһ˵˵ŮݷѣڰֻܻǿԵζʩԸ
̤ЬٴȫѹϵȻԼˣʱȥͲŰǲһƤ
šܷЦŽйĻָɮ˵ʦȥտش粽룬ʦ
ŻԼСͼɮߡ
ܷãŲҲ༸·͵˷á
һãˣܷ褵ĽźֹǦˡ
ôóԷأ
˵ĿܷԼ֣ôΪʲôȴһҲûпԼ̵أ
ֵˣʱ
ܷ褹ɵس߽кĿȴԨСϡ
ȥ¸Ĵ湥ԣֻһҪˡ
Ԩ²ӣĵس˿СʱȸԾЦһڡ
Ҫˣ
ܷ褲ɵûûܳȥʱʦҲ
ʱôشš
˵ǷҶᲹģ
ǷҶᲹģ
˵ܷ꣬ԼˣʲôԣͲǷģΪʲôҪ˵ֻ
Ԩʲô
ܷ褲˵ŲҪղ˵ˣֲǷʲôƨˣԶˣԼȥ
ǡ˵£ ˵ĻȴȫһΪʲô
ԨϵĲӣǰŮ
ָ΢ֽ̧ͷϡ
ʮպȥԲңȥˡ
˶ָ۾һһС㣬ţ

 10 

̫ɽԷܷ褰ڸڴϣùȴ۾գһµضݶ
˿ԺȫԨ赭д С㡱ȻǾ䡰ˡ
֪뵽ʲôܷ褻Ȼŵü
ûв´ĻĽƫ|²Ƕʲô뷨ɣ
°ĥԼֵ˼ҵǵġ
˵ɣúÒҲȲ˼Ľϰ˵Ǯɣ˼˵Ѵ峡˺ü죬ѵĲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
뵽ܷ۾һʿũ̽׼Ľƫ|ǰô⣬Ҳָָָء
ԼǼ٣ʵ̫ɣ
ԼúÿȻʵˣ
Сʲôأ·̫үǱߵأ͹ᣣ漴Ϊܷȡѡ
ܷҪȥ￴Ϸأ
հɽ֮󣬻ӻлɫ֪˵յľɫû˵ʲôѾŴ롣
ԭǰʩ룬˺۵ĺ󱳲ģյʩв֮£С
ɽ°ȥգȻԣʼƺʶ
ˣĵɽ󱳵ѪȾʪ·֪˺صˡ
ɽʼ俴һҧԼ˿ڣȴ֧ιȥ
ȴͷ˹ȥ
ߣ˵ҲκΣա
˿̣ޱػɫܷεصͷӡ
ǲˣӴ̼úѱ˹ֺˣܵô
ιҲ֪㵽ŲţԺԼһЩɣ
һûзܷ褻˵ʲôѩܷðɫ㲻޴Ҳⲻ˸ŴЩ£ɳУ
ɫЦ̧ܷ褣ǰֻ֪λǰ磬˺ԣȴû
ƺҪˣѵͿ˴Ϊˣ
ǲǾҺɵ
ܷ򴽣ɵǵ̫ǿˣ϶ͶˣҪȻô֪㱻ơ
̾ϢһĻɫ򣬡⣬ɵĲȥµĲ İԵ̫ӻڵأһҪٴˣ
ɫԳЦЦǰѾ϶žŮһҲãȻһֱѭ浸أûг񣬵ڱͲ
ǰΪ໤ԵﲻʲôȻһԼһˣԺԵǲ̫ں
֪Ǹؾεɽ˵ôˡ
ܷ֪˵ʲôʱֻɮ˾ϵĿ
үҵôأɫļ޸˴ӣ˸ô㼹ǰڴǻ۰ͰͽλС㶼ȥôɫ룬ҸѰ˼ҰȹӰ
Ŀѣгɢô⻰ȥɫˣŮӻˣ
ϿίѣֲܷǸɵģô⻰ȥŵʱҲͼ֪ѻ½˾ͺãʵûп̫ࡣ
Ūеķ飬һž䣬һǰ˭ҵɽʼ޷ȷɢҥԣȻǲܰλĸô
Ҳ֪һ㣬һŭ
Ҳ׼һ㣬Ȼڣų
ףϱ֪ˣôԴƽɫʲô֪ģһκͿˣҰɣƽҪɻˣƽҲҪˣϱԺæУɫĻϱһֶκˣ
ܷһϻ
仰ץʹ㣬³ɼҵʱЩҪĸ棬ȻǷϵģȻԺǻϣǱĺгҪġ
ɫۿϣȻˣĸʬδܽţҲĸ׵ģҲˣֻӣײƽݺǰġ
ɫĸǸС֮Ůļձ޸һ˫Ůȥˣƽǻɫֳƽݺͻġ
ƽ뻪֮Ů飬ȥ״Ԫ볯Ϊ٣ĩҪȢˡƽ귽ʮ˽Ӷ飬뻪ƽ˫ӣԸȴǽȻ෴ĹƧٳţ϶ټ
ۻô˼ʼţһǻɫǷܷ褶Ľġ
ܷ褸ӰӰپپһۻһ޿κεӣٿڵϵа⡣
ҾͲβˣ ܷŭһŻɫ˳
ĸñأһͨǵ游ҽ£ȴԼĸȫ˲ɣ
ԼʱѾͷ㣬һһӵӣ㴹ŪеĲ豭˵ˡ
ϰԷ˸ۣһ̧ͷȴεЦ⣬ܷ褰ǰЩˮĸٴ뿴㣬㶼Ҿ֮⣬һﻰ˵㶼Ҹи㴫Ҳٰ֮
ܷҲЦˣ㵱ҲʮĹ⾰ʲôܴʲôܴ᲻֪ôҿҪºͿˣҲҪñ绹ƽ˵ǣĸٳ֣˭֪᲻ְʲô˵˵ȥ
ߵڵظż򣬡游˵ǲǰĸĻǻŮ˵˴;ǰ̻ˣ˵ģӿڳĵĸҿǸҸطЪЪˣѹܼ֮𽻳
Ȳһ٣ΪɨһСѾͷ
żȻЦȷʵܷ褼Ǻˣ޲ӣȻ˵ҸλҲֵС
˶ٳ˵ףĩϽţұܼҡ
ܷЦһõͦ¸žͽӹôϰ̴ǲŵʱϿ϶Ҫĸһأ
ϵڿܷô£ԡ
ĸȻҪͣҵиӰʵԸ
ϣʵ⣬ûֹƨԸ
游ҪɫܼΣ
ɫͻȻһ£һ̧ͷܷ褳Ƥ˸ۡ
ҲɫƬʵɫô
һͷʺţͷʲô˼ԣô⻪Ǹɫô
ף֮ܶϷɫģ
δ䣬ɫڡ
ĸս̵С£ʲôϢ½ٳ֡
ϣɫһЦ
һЦڷܷѾְкڵļˡ

 11 

ӹ󣬻ɫҪٰĵһ¾Ȼǻʹ
뵽Ϊľ·Ļʹܷ褺ͻɫЩͷۡ
³ţжʮ죬ܷȴԼʱˣʹѾյ֪Ҫٻ飬ʱһ棬һʧСܾûˡ
һ뵽Լ̲ܵûأܷ˼ȥԼϱϽָ˻ȥ

ƽǵĳ֣ߣ㼯óǮĴүĽֵԽǾƹݣᣬ¥ķֱ߸ǻ˸صˣˣŻϵݻ
ܷһɫ£ױݷ͵ϸ֮˴һƼݵСģڳһ̯ӣΪ֮ࡣ
֮ǰѧʱ򣬶ĹѨλ˼Ȥо
ֻû뵽ҲͰˣ˸š
ǣȻôлͷͣ
˿̣һҹָָܷ褵̯ӣеضߵŮƼ
˵ľر飡
ԣ̧ܷͷȥԶŮȻǻ
ϴˣҲȥС̯ʲôÿģ
𰡣£Ҫ˼ǮȰ˵
쿴Źִı磬Эϡ
ӽڷܷǰЦˣ
ܷطۣ˵˺üˣǵʿǸģ
ҵ
⸻ҹҸСүطɣԼ;ܷӲʺƨһ罫λСү˵Ļŭӡ
һ뵽طɳ£˿ֺûܷ΢תĿ⻺ڻϣ˵
С㣬Ҫʲô
ɴ۾ܷ褣ֻƬʼ˵ҵݣƽҲܣ
ܷ褵ЦСѾͷƲңôƿȫĵŮ˵ˣһҪúһʡ
һԵĻ˼Ƭ̣תܷ褣߰Ƴһ֪ۡ˵ʲô
ܷ褹һЦȻظ֡
ûУ
գһָ죬ԼʵĳͻȻִıߵһ𣬻춼Ҫˡ
СҪܿĲŹأ
طɲ֪飬ֻ÷ܷ⻰˵еԼƵ˼
һ㰡
Ȼһ룬ȴȵؿطɡһûУ
طɣ
ƽһ£˫ҲŶС
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ܷһЦҪѻ鸴һ飬ǮֱҪ̫׬
ӣʾҪǮģ
ط̷һȥԱ֤Գ衣
ܷһ˵Сɵ
ôˣ
Ҳ㣬̾㰡
ܷ褶˶ټ˵λĸǰ䣬㻵ԭ׵ļƻ˵ǲɵ
ʱڵĸ
ܷ褵ͷдţǲǺһڳԸˣ
ǰȳһģĸҪǲȰǼôôļ
طһѻĪҪҲӦԼղ˵©죬ŶƤƴС˵Ҳûɶ˵˵涼
ʦ̫׼ˣ
ûãܷЦʮƽȴġ
ȻЩʵ
ʦ˵ܵóԸô
ʵί񣬵Ƿܷ֪иСԸҲ޸ӣ
Ըûдɡ
ѰܷҲûƭҲû˵ֱ̫ס
֪뵽ʲôУȡһƱ˷ܷǰ
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ܷüӣһĪ⡭ΥѰ찡
ΪϵͳƱ˹ȥʦ취
ܷ˼Ƭ̣Ʊصؿ
С㣬м㣬һԣĪŲԡ
С˵Ļ³ͦҵģһԼԸƫΪԼ㣬ܼܲ޸Ӳ֪ܹ鲻̫ҡ
˼Ƭ̣ƺĳѵ⣬ļ̺ͷܷ褵仰غϡ
ѵʦ˼ǣ㣬Ӿͻĺã
æطƱֱӶϡʦ˵öԣСŮлʦָ㡣
ܷһ㶣Լ֪Լ˵öˣɿŶɵֵĻЦҡҡͷƱ˻ȥ⺢ɵĺˡ
ҪھܾȺȴͻȻһ󾪺¥Ĺȫſϻűãóһͨ
ǰǰʮ˵ĶѵصпĲfΧʵʵ
΢紵fᣣϡɼտؿϱĿ
ܷߵȺУסһյĴ塣Ǹʲô
Ľ𣺡㲻֪𣿲fϵλǺպ񰡣
񡭡񣿡
ǰǮֺÿӹеԳ֮Ϊ񣬰ѽΪ׬ǮֱֶΡ
ܷƶǶʡû˹ܵô
մƳһ۷ܷ褡
ɶѽĽҴµʱĽ϶Ǯˣǽд֮ʱϮ簲֮λ˭ҹܰ
ܷȻصͷƺĶ飬һĽǮã
ã˼ãǮеλ
Ľƫ|Ҫ
ȵȣ
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ܷŵ񲻻Ľƫ|ɣ
ѽզأ
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»ѾߵǰѸٷֵ߽м䣬ܷüܣֻѾΧһȦȺԸ
fڷܷǰһ״
غаοԼҪţԼУûϵóĽƫ|鷳
ʱֻһѾÿ
һϢʹҲɺˣӵߵɫȴһƬĮȻжһ㣡
ڿòһ˲䣬£ȺһƬĬ
ܷ۾΢΢ǰ֮ˣ㣬ϴδһѾʮ֮ˡ
ԨǰͣסЦЦشС磬ǹ˹漴ڣ

ܷܷӵȷûϳ
⣬ûش
ٴһ飬ǸģʲôɶȫʺƨһŪ˵ġ
ҺŪˣҺŪĽƫ|
ɲԶոչ˹ĿǶǿأֲ˵㣡
ʲôܷǿԼ侲Сʵ
ǰһĮȻһ˿ĺ
ʮǰİǺʱұ
ܷܷԶʱһҭҪҪǵô氡
Ԩһ
ô

 12 

㣬ٲǮ
ͳǴħһ÷ܷ褵ĺһ飬һ˲Լͷˣ
˵ҪǮܾܾ㵱Ȼܣ
ҿ㣡ҲҪ·ˣûϳԼһ˵
ԨͷЦ⣬һ룬һĹĵǮӾͱһԵӵ˷ܷǰ
ܷûԥ̰Ǯһؿڡ
ָһĽϰʵ˼ˣûôʲôȥ˾ͻȥģҪٵȵȣ
Ԩζصͷ
Ȼ벻ȥݷһ£ֻô
ܷ褴Ƭ̣ˣ˾̫ʹϵ
ʿԣǴͻƿڿ϶УҪû֪˿϶Ҫˡ
Ľϰ𼱰ЮͼĽϰݣа취ţ
Ԩ˵
ܷһéٿĽϰҪʲôңθ
ôǮܷ褵ǿԿҪȥһ档
Ԩŷܷ褣˵Բң
õģ½һθλ
ܷɷнµسŵȴԨĺһ˿Ϸʡ
Һû˵λɣ
ȷʵû˵
û˵һ㰡
ӦıԨһξ
ܷ褼˵ֻزһ䡣İɣһȥģ
Сذ׵СһǮӣԨЦü֮ҲȾᡣ
΢΢һЩͷܷ褼һ˼ӣ˵
СϲҲԸһؼӡ
ܷ褣
ҡܳ
˰죬ͱ˼ϳˣôǮ
ܷ褿ɥһСؿԨǼװȥǳϴ
һԵ˺Ͼؿָֻ΢΢ѹĵҪȥһյĳ嶯
ҵ㡣
ܷſˮʲô˼ȥ㣿ǵҸؼӰ
Ԩȴû˵ʲôڷܷ褷ʱѾصfϡ
Ⱥָ֣ղŵһҲȻ̸ʡ
ʶ̯ܷǰǰڰ֡
ǽˣ²ǽƭҺڵհˣмĻڽε
СȻѲүƭסˣò˵Ǹ֣
Сֵܣ԰ˣ
Ժ󷢼ˣɱǣ
쿴Ǯ
ܷһǮڻ񣬵֪Ʋ¶
ûж٣λȸˣλȾƣ
ַм䣬ܷ褲ų뿪ҵͺͰʻϱظ
һ·ϣ˳һ顣
Ľƫ|˾ڶ棡ԼǮꡣ
ںˣ˼ҵǮһղȥԲǣĽƫ|ž͸鷳ˡ
ǲȥҲȥˣ
ô˵׬ǮǿֵģܷһͷԼѽ׬Ǯ̯ϡ
Ľƫ|Ǯʱʱͱһɳĺ̵񾭣
ȻǽԪ
ܷ褼ֱҪˣҪĲĽƫ|񰡣

˲⻷ӳ֣Ľƫ|ߴ峿ܷһɫװرԲǶȥ
֮ǰ˵ķԲǣС¥ʮ㼯ĹȰǮǮˡ
Ҳ˵˷ԲǣɷԲǶΧҵ˵ϰ嶼һˣ
ܷ褴ûʶϰ壡
Բſڣ˳
Ѿ¥ˣ
ܷ΢΢׸䣬ʱ仹磬ûʲôˣķɨһǽ岻֪սж༤ң
ߵ¥ֳȾͷһΣڵԨڵķ䡣
Ž˽ȥڹ߻谵̨ϵҪȼ֪ǲһҹ
ɣ
ͻȻ𣬷ܷѰȥŹ⣬ֻһĨӰȴĪϤ
Ǹ߻ħа
̽سǱ˹ȥû߼ͱһζ
ϣһɫͣģˮˮ
˿ԨŵߣͷһŨɫҩ
ܷһ;ԼҲȾ˿ζ
Ԩ̧һۣҲȣ
ܷ褣ĽϰȣҿȾͺˡ
˵꣬˳ֽһ˵ԨǰЩĶɡ
ܷ褲Ÿ飬û뵽˺ҩ֮ĺͶ࿴ۡ
Ը⿴˳Զ
ܷͻȻʵȻʶصͷĽϰ񲻶ʱѾˡ
ü΢΢䡣
춼óˣʲôңҳԸ㿴
ܷ褣ɰɣǳԲһˣ
ܷ褹ԹԴ֤۾Ʈˡ
Ƭ̺Ԩڳ㣬ǲ˰ɣ
һ˿ãܷ褼æ͡Ľϰ壬ûҪôлл㡣
֪ˣ
ܷ褵ͷⲻ𡭡
Ԩŷܷ褿˺ðΣ㻹
һߵķܷ褵ͷҡҡͷҾͻһ㣡Ҫ˻š
ǲң
ԨĿİؿƬ̺и׬Ǯô
ܷһ飬ô£ʲôԼûҵֵô
һǰ˿Ǳ˳Ĵڣģ˼Ҳǲ񰡣
ڲô˵أ
мܶԲү˵أ
ܷ褾ƽ飬Щʲô
ԣԨ˿Ц㲻ǻô
ܷ褣
Ľϰ۶ߣ̻ʲô㵽ġ
Ԩ˵ûҲûãԼܸʲô
޲ܷȴ϶һ˿ƻζ
૵ֻửЩ羰Ҳ˶ûһ
ʯ֮䣬ܷ褺Ȼͨһ㡣
Ƭ񣬽ģŮԸͷ¶ôøģأֲ¡
һӣװһͲһˡ
۾ԽԽԨʵ뵽ˣ
뵽ˣĽϰҪô
ԨЦһôƭߵҵӣСı
˶ٸһʲôùܣͺãҸһÿ곤һɡ
ܷһ£һ곤һȷʵ٣Ҳδƽôð
ɣԨһ뿪
ܷ褼æ׷ϡ
Ƣ
²ⱩƢʱԨͻȻͣ½Ųͷ˺ź⣬÷ܷĿڡ
ƢһǸɴµˣԸ˵
Ԩÿɷ񡣡ĳģ
סˣװǵģ
ãóԼĳ⣬ԼС֣
Ľϰ塣
Ϊ⣬֣ؽһ£ҽзܷ褣
Ԩ 
г⣡һô
εҪһЭһ鷿̸

 13 

ƽһ
п˼ΪݡĻңƽеĸŹŮ֮͡
仭棬ͬӳֽһ㣬˻Ҫʵ޸òģԼԼϲı
ʦǿĻһɰСˣⶫ޼ۣ˵ĹǰȥҲûеõС
ڻֽȾǾϲѡֽϸ󣬱֤񳤾棬Ⱦϸǻʦֵƣͬɫвͬòɢ
ʦһֻţźŵѾŵº
̫Уؼҵķܷһʰߣһ߸лĽͷԡ
ÿӺ滭ͺãʲôûܹĽƫ|ȴƾһּӪݡȥˡ
ڹŮۻᣬҪʱ˴ûȥһʦûҪûõʦĺŶأ
Уôϲ㣬ǻǽã
ûУҪʡһԼûиĲˣ
뵽ܷ褰һĽƫ|ͬ־
ȻͷԣǰհԵؿ˼Ӫģʽʽͬʱθ߷һͨĻͨװһݳƷ
ݵǣĽϰȻܱƷſڴһʦԸʵЩӽʯϡ
ǿԽСҲ԰͸ɡ
һҲ׬϶
ܷ̾ϢһȻһŴͷԣ
ΪԼСˣæȥ磬ܷ褻ͷһСЦЦ
أ
ϣͽȥСȡˡ
ѣ ܷɻϣȡʲôѡ
δ䣬ֻſһ
²ˣպǻʹˡ
˵䣬ɫѾĸѾ˽͸һɫȹ
ܷ褻ûüϸͱɫסߡ
㣬ںܻƳȥܼңǲǾΪ˷ܳȥ棿
ܷ褲˼ͷȻˣ֮Ҳŷֺܷģ
ȥͳȥû˹ܵˡ
ɫü΢ԺɲݱˣǱ˷ܳȥҪڱ˵ˡ
ܷĬĬ첻ǲµԱҪÿϰģ
ɫպ󣬻ʹ׼ˣ
ܷһ㶣øɸɾˡ
һ飬ɫ֪ˣɫѾ֡
һɽ⣬Ϊ׼ˣ㻹ҪԼ׼һЩϲźãʹڰͲǴأձϵģ
ܷڴӦʹһHappy Birthday To You
ʵһ޶
ôģ浽գܷ褻ˣĸҳ

ֺΡʹůϦȴϣ̴ľĵ̶ɵڷǽ߼ʯǶ̾ͶɵĵҫĹâΪϵ˶Ϲ⻪
ܷ褰缦ظһȺŹŮλǧĽ̸ܷ褰͵Ц
ΪЩǧСһһ̬ǧأû뵽ûˣһȺѾͷҲߴߴġ
ʱ֪λСͻȻͷܷ褡
СΪζں棿
ܷ褵Ц̧ͷʱˣǸǶ죬˵¶ڡ
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ܷԼֻܿǰ
Ȼ󡭡ȺͳĬˣ
ܷ褰ԷԼȻʮӡ
ҵĺС˽֣Ľ㣬ղǶ˵ǱߵĻң֪ȥˡ
һǧҲæͣ԰Сܾλʦ֮棬϶ܳˡ
ܷ褣˵һ
ԳϲңЩǧǾȻ¡
ǷĽȥˣ
ܷ褣ȥȥҲǻˣ˵ġ
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䣬ȺһڳĬмλСһ˼ؿŷܷ褣ǰǼٵһ
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ллѣҼˡ
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˵ղôùֵֹģڲҵСͬеĸоСõ壬ٻһƣִ̡
ԲĺСٴοڣ⻭ʦΪβ߰ء
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ǰ罫DķĶãôˣҲһ۸
Ѱɣʲôðжô
ʲôһСŮʵܷǺزͷ
˭֪ʲô֪˶ˣղǽԼʵʵκ˿
ǲΪ˭˭ͻΪû˸D¹
˵DһѾ빴õ¶ֱӱûˣ
ѾԼ¹ͣD岽֮ߣۣD⴦á
£ԺǧǠD
ܷҲԼԺͬʱDˣûǴĻӦһʴĴУDԨ
ΪĽ̵ܳɳΪǧһĵҲΪŻñŭ
ܷ褰զ࣬ʵû뵽λоȻôֵĶżλǧ˼ӦûŰɣл͵͵һ۴еķɡ
䣬Ѿվٰĳ
ߵſڴҲûʲô˿λС㲻Ƶ
˵ֽʳ̸˵ûһ
ܷ褲һɣѵ·ˣ
ʱͶеĿⲻڿһӰ
ͦһۣñ˶Сɫߣ˿ףɼʹˣҲزסһȣѹ£˲ֱӡ
ͻȻ̧ͷԽĿֱֱſڵŮ
ܷŵ̶㵽Ű֮󣬾δסؿ
߻ħУ
ѵǠD

 14 

СҲ㵽һԾDٳţվȻμӻʹˣ
ܷüźС㣬ĬĬᣬȻٳţж൹ùһΣ
һλǧЦܷ߷еDǰҲǿڴӵϣСδǺø
ܷ褹᳹߰û˵ֻǵƳһ˵ˡ
浭ѾŵҪ
Dж˭˭趨ģǰαDŲӣǲҲҪˡ
ķʱС鲽˳ؽλǧӭС
˳λŵĠD밲󣬹λСȵܷﾹһֱǰȥ
ͣʱܷ褲ŷԼλѾλܽˡ
С롣
ֶܷɸָԼλΡΡС˵
ûɣҰŠD
˵ʩȥ
ܷվǰƳһ±߿ϷλС㣬͵͵һ۸ĠD
󣬷ܷ褵ͷ
λÿƿңޣʵȴǻʹľ档
˽֪Dϲ˿ǸܿĴڣʹţһȻھҪڴʲôڻͷҪȻ͵DߵҲпܵģ
ǽҪŠDѹһѹܷ褵ĻŽţЩͷӵĻҲһ٣Щ棬պҲùˡ
ûʹˣܷ褱Ѿܵ˹ֵս
ѹõĳλǧ
Уܷ׳ŵ͵Ԩ
Ԩ¾Ʊͷ˹
ЩˣСĺϲ˳Զ
Сȣ
ܷε˵ݰֽͣûûУ
ԣԨЦЦһ˿⡣
ǱĶ벻˷Сˣ
ܷ褣УôóĽ۰ҪǱҺȾƲô
һɡԨΪ·쭣Сһָ
ԨСﻰβСЦⶼҪѹסˡ
΢΢ƺֱ̧Ҫ˷ܷǴܷ褸ȥӣһӱࡣ
ָľ룬ԨͻȻ̧ͷϸŷܷɫӡ
ܷãȻգգ۾Ҫͷȴôҵȥ
κԨЦһأΪһλүҪȡŮһ֪ԭ㰡ܷܷ
ܷ褣ܷܷ
ҪҰDϳˣ
Ȼ֪Ԩ˵СоǴε顣ױôôΪʲôһĶϳ
˵ʲôŮ
ܷ褸ЦӹƺʼװɵЦʱ˵ʲô֮ٱDջ˵š
Ҫ汻ϳҪˣ
һԵԨܷܷǵˣɼǵóǴҲҾȵ㣿
ܷ褾ֵصɴ۾
㻹˼˵ǴңûҺ
ܷܷңˣ
ܷ褶ͷ亹ֱܷܷһˣ˲һġ
ŻŮˣŮˣ
˵䣬ܷϵĺѾһֱӵҲ֪ߵĻǼġ
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輿̨ˣһӹһڼ伸λӹ˺񣬱ǾƹѲϯƺҪӽβ
ܷԷŮǵ͵֮ˣûգƺһſҲʹԹˣʡĵˣ
ϲ̵Ҫӣͼ±һεεСվʩʩȻǰ
Ů첻ţΪػʹ֮ϲصһףﲻӴֱݳŮ
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ϣѾŹǰڴ룬ҡ
ܷǷϵشԼСָܸŴմϱߵľѧ٣⼸Ҳһһ͸λȲˡ
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Сʱʻգܷ褣ԼסӣĶˣ
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Ľ㣬ô
ܷ褣ð
ʹͷܷ褣ɫݣΪհŠDɱļƻˡ
ܷҲ׼ôڴأ
ܷ褷Ļᣬʹֱӿڡ
ܷ褴ĬЩŮ輼øûʮ궼ɣձȲҲãͷѹȥҲգ֮Ӳ˶ܷĽ֡
ʱɫվ˳
֪Ϊ粻߲ݼ׼һͷ˳ŮﱣܣĿ
ɫ˵곯ŷܷʹ˸ɫʵû뵽λȻ󵨣ʹ羹Ȼû׼
ܷӣʵ׼ţĳңôǰأ
˿̣Ǹչֻһشĵţֻ練ʯϣɫ󵨣ȴĿĻΣɵϾдŸͣ󳤴˸֡
̾СС⻭ȴʮ㣬ɣмֻܴʦķ̲С
ǰ֮ˣһ˵һû̫࣬С˼
˵⻭ܴʦֱʣ㿴ĵ鷿Ǹܴʦİٻͼƣ
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ɫһ߹ǺЩƳȻżһֹһƾƳˡ
ͻȻЦһܷ褣㻭ģɫܴʦģ
̫˽Ůˣó
ʶ֪꣬㲻ͨ黭˵ܻܴʦ߰˷ĺͼǲš

 15 

ܷб۰һۣһ仰ǽܷ褶˳ϣڳ˿ܷ褵Ѿ
˵ܷȫͨ黭ȷʵеίˣ˽֪һµķС㣬òûʲôʵĲŻ
黭ʫʸ踳ԣȻˮƽͿƲŮȷûһóܴﵽǷ켫ĵز
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ҲԼŮмＸǺͼһ۱ϳԻܴʦ֣֮ôܻó
С㽫˷ӦУﾡֻ
Ľ㣬㲻׼ʧðûܴʦ黭ʧ£ҵսΪΪҵΪݡ
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ڿұΪȴ㲻ұĳȣ鶼ûж۾;ͱˣʧŮеݣ
Сһʱԣ⻪ɫΪʹ°飬һǸ˳겻Ľɫû뵽һȴڵϣ
СĿֱֱͶܷ褣ȻСڿͼҾҪԸԸٻһ
ɫһû뵽ԼΪܷúַ鷳ҪֹȴѾתܷ褾Խ
СΣֻҪ㻭һĵͺãºԼλϡ
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ȴĺľǳ⣬ܷʶã㲻Ҫ˷ǵʱˣЩȥ췣ɣ
һ÷ܷһ٣Ѿ컭õĵԣһָ״īֽȾ
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ʮӳμӿƿԪͲţʮ˧ƽĮǼʹж˱ȨܺĴڡ
˵ЩһˬһվС꣡
ĠD·Ҳͣ

ܷ褣
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һܷľȴΪܷһʵƻã˴ޱ֮С
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Сĵ˿ѷɫڻܴʦɼ㻭ʵ˵ãǧѵһȴԾȻֽϣ
ʵۿ佱㣬±ߵλ֣λԸһͬͣ
ĸ˵һΧһȦǰﶼϼţںһƬĶôûʵϲ
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˶ڵŷܷҪʹܷͣ뻹һȴ˵
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ܷ褼æлҪ˻ô

ʱɫѾˡ
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ܷ֪֪⻭Ǹõģɫʵ˵˻֪飬˵Ҫܷһϲ
⣬ܷѾϻһˣоǹ׽Ū
˱߱ĳ˹ţɫ˻㱨һЩˣܷ褲Щһ
ʺǰչŷܷ󣬻һסҪȥ͡
ͽ߿ɺãûĳ棬ҽҿ۰ɣ
ʸɸɰͰ͵ͣһͷˮ
ܷ褲ҽô㷭ȫģ
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һ룬Ѿ˴ס͡

 16 

ڻ谵ܷ褻һϳǰˡ
ɫ߽ߣȵĺùв

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ҵͷԨֱʾԼ˵ֲܷ̳Сʵ
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ܷһãȻң
Ԩ΢׻һ˿⣬漴ڡ
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ܷǷյģĽ
ǮˣһŻø˼һҪġ
Ҳۣÿظ
һԺӱ㱻֪һ---˻ȥˣ
ϣܷһմã˼ȥô˻˻ãǻʹָ飬ҲҪ˼ɻʵǱߣҪ֪ʵ⼸߶ŷĹĲ飬мְϧŵ˼
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ܷ褽ضЦʼվдҪɣ

 17 

ص͡Էɫ˽Լؽҡ
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ɫֳҹ黺µҵС
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䣬Ԩʹ߶ֻһ˲䣬ɫĻ㸡С

 18 

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 19 

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һûһţ䵽ˠDɫЩȵؿŷܷ褣ʲôûʣֻ˵Լðһˡ
ܷ°ͣԼСú԰ʺİȻʺܲǹ䵳²ɵΪԵ̫ӵµٲߣҪˣ

Ī׼ʱ⣬շܷ΢һЩˣĪģλȴ֪飬Ϊĳչˣ˿̰Щˬ
һңܷ褾ͿԨϣκܺÿɫ˼īɫӣɢԺɫ߸棬ء
ܷ褵ĽŲż־̧һ룬˴
Ī̾ҪƣԼݼ൱˵ãһϷգ۾ͱһ۵Ĳү
ȻܷǰСشԨϣ˳ǶȣͿǸֹˣǶ
춼öˣôֿˣܷ褴صĪһۣйûչ˺õ˼
ĪίͰͲ˵
Ԩɳƣʱʱ
ԲҪΪ˾ʹ㲻ˣӦҪչˣҪһֱչȥ
ܷ褣һǴãҾͲٹˡDҲ̫á
Ԩü£
е£ҼЩʱܰꡣ
׬ǮҪҲûлҪ
ԨҲСﻹҪÿȥҳŻءȥҺDһģƤ档
ʱС˶ҩԶԶϣԨȥҩܷ褲Լһǹ
ԨѾҩ룬ܷ˹ȥױƵؾһǷǰ
£Ҹǡ
Ԩָ촽ȥҩ֭˿СһСԼҩһ㣬ѹ˫ɫӶˮĹ󣬽ŵҧסԼĴꡣ
Ԩɫһ˲䣬۵뿴ܿʲôǿÿ޳ֱɵ
ȥܷգգۺ˰벽ʶΪԨҪǣ붼ûͰǿ
Ԩʱͣסüһܷ褣ֻСһı飬Ŵ
óô
Ԩֱóԡ
ҪԵĲŲʺòóԡ
ܷЩɻⲻӦðղųһͦóԵѽ
Ȼҩ̫ˣǿζȲˡ

 20 

ʱһζʹİȴȻͷ
ճ֮ϣ򱱴󽫾Ȩٴδݱһս󣬱ǳ׳ˣȨҶ֪꣬Լܻؼˣһ˺Щơ
ʵ۵У˵ģ˵ģȫ˵˸飬ص˵СŮĻ£ڼ̸ӣôʿ˵úܴˡ
Զڴ󱱷֪ƽй°߻ʹѾϣһų׵ȼ˵
Ȩļλ̫үĴҹôӸһҪ˻飬Ȩб£Ů绨ҲԸƥףҪѸˣ˻ȫΪŮпҪ˷ܷ褡
Ρ
ǲϲܷ褣Ҳû˻飬ǰܷϲĥҲ鷳˻鲻˵ֵĸʧ٣ĸ˾ȻΪͷҶ
ﲻôѡ
ԲڣԨб֧ǱĿ˻㱨˸Ҵ󳼵ĶʱԨ̧
ǵӶʱ¾޲ѣԼȻӿæһ
Ѿأ֪˻ƺ󡣡
Ԩǻֱȥ߽ԽҪȢܷ褡
ȻıʿԽӰڴߵˣϵ˼ѵҪԽײȥһʵ۽С´ͻ飿
ȥ죡
ţȻԺʮֲԼΪʲôҪȢܷ褣Ȼ֪Խһ⻰ܷ˵ʲô
Ǻ棡
ʱһͣڷԲſڣ»С˴ȻҪǰӴˡ
վһԣȴʸźҡ
ûüͰʽ񣬳ϵѾƿ
Ůһɫɴȹ翣һֻӼ򵥵Ժ˸٣ǶȣֻܿŮ޳ĲԼµĲգ
΢촽ɫЩ䵭һһĨЦ⣬ǰС֡
䣡簡
˹С簡߰ûҪˡ
չԵһλǷС㣬ˣԭҪȢľλС㣡
ԣͬˣˣ
ܷ褲֪ԼѾˣ˿ԼĹǮء
˼ظЦ漴߽ŵʵĽϰû˵ҪǮɣ
䣺⻰ӵû˵⼸գΪ˰ȥĿˣⲻӡ
˶٣ָ¥ϵ¥æȥҰɣ˳һҪȥģ
ܷһϰҪӲ칤̴ȥԼĻҡ
һݣ˵ؿʼݲ
үүң⻷ѹסĽϰ壬Ҳ̫Ǯ
˵ЦܷɪɪͷȥֻĽϰѾ˹
Ԩ´һ·ܷ褣ԿóСˡ
֪ΪʲôԨͻȻЩˬѵΪ˼Ľƫ|Ŵģ
Ȼﻹǡˬ
Ԩڷܷ࣬㹩ϲĲǰ漴ĵؿڡ
Ǯ׬⼸ȥˣ
ܷ룬ʹ˵һ䡣ҵӳЩ⣬Ե˼죬Ľϰ֡
Ԩӣ
ǲ˵ܷҲʶԼһǰųʲô֮ʡ
ȷһСȫԨɼѪ裬ƵʦȵȵȶҪá
޲ҧԼͷôҵӳ˵⡣
ǵģĽϰ壡ʵҵǰˣ˶ƣûҹ
˿̣Ԩͣڻ֮ʵС
ܷͷҪȣĽϰ˵ʵһ컭ʮŵģӼӰҿԵģ
Ԩͷһ䣬ˡ
Ľϰ㲻ҪҰɣܷЩţĽƫ|Ҫǰˣȥô׬ǮĹ
ԨЦЦȻˣҲһʱ
ܷһޡ
˧Ǯʲôϰ壡
ձ㻭ңʲôʱҾˣٸ˻
ܷ褣ҲҪãҪҾãĽϰ壬Ŀԣ
ԨüԿǮô
̸ܷĿڣҿԻֱΪֹ
ǺǣǿʼɡԨЦ
ܷ褣ʱң
֪뵽ʲôܷǹһĨЦָŲԶ˵
Ľϰ壬һţԼǱ°ľˡ
Ԩǰ˵ҪֳһƲ֣ܲĵӡ
Ԩһġ
ƽôЩŮӵģ
ܷ褣أǳˣ
Ԩվбϡ
ܷȴŻԹƵߡ
ģɲ֪˶ã̧ȴڱϢܷϸĽϰƺһЩɫ֮ǰҲࡣ
ĿǷϣһµ°ͺ.еıܷһ¡
⡭Ԩ¶һ񰡣
ȻʾͿʼԼ뷨ֽϵŰɫ£ɫӣؿϣ˳°ϣڻʹ£ϵ߲٣ü۱ͦü΢纮ҹ
ܷͻȻܺ棬Ԩµʲôġ
㻭˭
֪ʱԨѾվܷ
ܷ褿ŻϵˣܿĽƫ|ʣµĸռԨ
ǲܻţܵϰ¶ӡ
ܷ褲ط±ʣĽϰ
Ԩ˵㻭õȷң϶ʲôĽϰ塣
ؿŻϵˣЩܷ褶ˣȻ˶ͷһֹĸо
Ԩ䣬»
ܷ褲ҷæԼǰŻ
滭ɺĽϰҲûΪ»㱨Ľƫ|뿪ˡ
Ժ󣬷ְܷذѸղŵĻ˳
һʱڻϼ˸ɫߡ
ܷ°ͻ˵Ļ
ԨĽƫ|񰡣

Ƿһ죬ĺˣʵߵֹʥּƺƴ̫
̫һû뵽ʹ䲻ˣ˼Ȣϱ
ɵֹϸɤȨŮܷDԨʱ³顱ʱ󶼹סˡ
˵ˣҪǻɫֿ찴סˣܷ褶ˣ
ôԨ˰
ֹʥּ𣬡̫С㣬ּɣ
ֻЦѾղסˡ
󣺡Ӱ!
DﶼãὨҵһ̫ƽҲеӢۡ
жã
ԼŮػѾǱ
ôԸ⣡
ֹD亱ӢۣС޹ƽˣԹӢˣ¼á
һƱֹֹʾΪͻȻ
ǮķϣֹС˵̫ŰɣǱΪʹʧʱ޷Ȣף·С䵽ֻôȥʥˡ
Ҳ֪DָվûˣˣֻҪһСһǹӣʱ˵ѰӵܣǴȢҲ֪

 21 

ȻֹڰʾĻ֮ƣ˴˷Ȩû÷ܷ褱Ȣȥٽ֮ķܷ褽ӽûЦ˻Ůˣȫ˷ҵ棬ܷǶޡ
̫ѨͻͻСӣȫһռ˿ɻУ
ֹװ֪ķŭȰ˵罫ǱߵǶŻº⣬̫ҲŲˡ
ۣȨȻԨģçУмɿȠDӢ䣬ûЩ䣬ԼŮӢۣȻ˵Ҫ
ֹ̫¶˵ǻ£ھǰѷСȰڠDУĹմӻŽͣʥּ˰ɡ
ܷ褿˹ıӰԼԼ䣬ܽһ仰
һ֣Լ׵Լǰδһͬ---Ԩˣ

ûһٴαʵ۴ͻ飬淭˴ӵܣԼȨµĽʿȴûġ
һ뵽Ԩܷ褵ĸܸӡ
ǿԼӰǲ޸ҲҪÿʮ˼ȥССӰ
ҰеԨλߺ磬˳ɻԨȥ취ȥŠDͷҧҪΪDؽڣ˱ļޣֻҲͬģǸˣ
Ԩ廹ô϶Է֮ǵҲûʲôȤֻҪСЩٸ߻ħͳˡ
뵽ܷ褺ٺһЦǸ˲ţȻ֮°ˣРDɡڣùܱģֻҪڠD֮ǰҵȥİ취ͳˣ
ԣܺã
ֹߺ󣬻üչؽʥּݸܷ褣Ϻͻܷ褵΢ܷ̣ɫ뵽ͣڠDٿϵ΢ЦһʱҲ֪ˡ
ϱͬһߵܷǰЦһ
㣬ڰ
ܷ褣
ҽõİ
ɫšüвϴο˲ɣٸҺ˵ҲȥׯӴ°ɣ
һۣ㣬ˣҪعѣԣػˣҲ˵ڰҪ˵ϲɣ
ܷ褣ֺˣ
Ȼȷܷ褶תһ֣ǿ˦ڻϣֱӽƷڵء
ڳˣ׶Ӷûû˭ִˣһʱ䶼ԭء
ȷӦڵϻסģףпģΪܷί˵Ļȴԭһذɣ
ίϻӵؿĸ໤ϻš
Ǽ޹ȥѸһ˵ˣ游ұ죬ȴƽ˱죬ֹһȫƽͶ֪ˣҪDػȥˣ
ò˵⼸仰ʹģס÷۵Ŀڣ˿ǰһڻϡ
̫鲼ã˾أһӲĻҸ˻Ȩĳ룬ڲô
ΨһıŮһӾһ£Ůܷ褣һ¾Ȼ
ߵһ߿һ£游֪ңôȥ߿˵ж˵ű㱻D˵عѶĺأ
Ҫ˽ʩԼҷȴһͳ
˵عѣ䱾ô
ŵֹס˿ٵغ£һˡ
DD¡
ܷҲȥֻԨǰ㽫Լʵʵ߸ĪһȦʮ̫ԶԶض㵽һˡ
ԨĿʱ˹۵ûκǸս˴ͻʥּķܷһ¾ͺòˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ǰŸոʥּԨ͵ˣͷϣԨҲûй๧ֻԵش̫ʰ
ԨȴЩָŻʵλСԱ䱾֪̫δã
ܷ褲˼ﻹûȺʥּͷ
ȿȡˣ
ڳ˼⣬˵صȫڠDҪûһϡ
Ŀؿɪɪ޶ҿ޵Ļϣ
ȥȴʮ
Ԩɭɨ˻һⲨ϶ŵ˳ֱŮߣ׷˹ȥ
һʱ䣬ͥԺڰؿ¡
ðκɫǰ˳ʾá
ڣλ߸Ż±ԶԶԨһֵĪɷһ
ɫͷܷ褶棬ſ˰죬۾Ҳûʲô
Ƭ̺һ֪D´ݹкιɣ
Ԩ˹̫ҲǺˣ
ԣ̾˿ԨҲ޹֮ˣôֵĶȫƽٸŹŮҪһˣսҲȨӡ
ϱֱ䣬Ԩ˵ŻµҲ̫ǰ㲻
ЦһDΪǾľΪ˴Ȩɢ԰ԼĻϷ
˿̣Ѿ϶ƻĴͻǾԨͬġ
ԨЦȻܸ߻ⶼƣΪ˼ҵ룬⻰˵
˵ģ˼
̧󷽵磬һŵһϸӰ
С㣬Ըһ棿 ߲͵ܷ褸պ
ܷ褿˿ı飬뻺˳Թվڻ
󲻽⣬DǺ⣿
Ԩֳܷ褹ָ
ܷ褣ðɣ
Ԩ΢΢üһһ˵֣ܷܷ
ܷȹ˹ȥ
ɲ游ôǣ游϶
˿ȴûЩܷ褾վԨǰ
ܷ褣վԶЩ ɵӷ˲ɣDһָͻᱻˣ
Ȼһ룬ûĵ鷢ˣ
Ԩ˷ܷһָͷŮСֶǣקĲȣ˶
󣺡

ɫ
ܷ褣ܳ
Ǽôǹôô˼һ͵˼һˣ
֣޵ؽȦڻסû
УҪס
ܷ褺ԨֱۣСģ£㣬
߼ľ룬ܷؿߺĺǹһĨЦ漴ֻ˵
ã
ܷ㶵ؿ˴ߵĻЦϵĺһֱյ⡣
ùְͻȻˣå˵Ȼˣˣ
λϣû̼һĻл񣬻̿ˮһ
ɫɫ㣡жˣ

 22 

治ֻʧݺ£ŷܷ褰ζôڠDȻܷжˡ
ɫ˲࣬˹Ī״ǰһ˽ס
ɫעܷ褳ֵĺ죬񡭡ûʲô£
ܷЩˣԨһѣȻĻ
һ룬Ԩסƹĵطѹֵؿ
ܷһ㶣漴Ԩ廹ûղôôܵˡ
Բ𣬶ԲҲǹģæһĺ󱳡
չ߰죬һƸûˡ
ԨڴסߵĻЦ˵ˮ
ܷ褻豭ݵԨǰ
Ԩ֣ҲӲ豭סСӨ׵󣬸һڲ衣
ܷûף˱ϵˮ¶Ĳ԰ƤЩġ
£Щô
Ԩͷܷ褲ŷĵ˵һԡ
˵ĻȻѾãĿ⾼ؿǰһĻܷ褿ˣɿԨǹһأ
Ȼץ豭Ԩʲô˼ʹŮ֪жҲԸɶ˻ô
Ѿͷղżʲôˣֻ游ˣѾͷôż
ܷ褣ǳ⡣
ܷŷԼȻɵɵվԨߣŭּ˻ȥ
ɫҲŹȥץһһʵ
㣬ﲻ
ܷҡͷɫȴȻģʾֶϳš
һ۷ܷ褣ۿԨµǺ⣿
Ԩ̫Ҫ̸
ǣܷ褵˾ôˡ
һԴ˵вܿĠD˵ǼٵģһԨʶ󿿿
Ԩȴͣ룬Ī֪óһһֱѻɪš
ԣԨͻȻ̧
̫ĵ֪ȻжȴԷСް
üˡ
ֻԨ˵˽֪Ԩãȴ֪˵׻ô
˵ţץӻУѻƺΣգܲסջ󣬵ͷӡ
뿪ڣһ룬ȴԨɫĻ˲ȼѻûüһͱû
Ԩ֣ϻ󾪺Ŀ⣬˵
ұ˲һֻһ⡣
ðһԼֲ˭Ҳ֪ˠD׻ô˲㱻ô֪أ
Ȼ֪ôַܷģ֪ſǸˡ
ԣεĻıҲɵ뵽εĴͻ顣
ԨûзϣֻǺ޲ͻȻ˼һ˿һ㡣
̫ȢΪǸ⣬
ֻΪһ㣬һμʱͻˣ˼һСˡ
ſտյʧãڿڡ
ˡϳֱԣж岡֪ҽΪ¶Ϲ
µĻû˵ԨѾˣ
ҽΪһ˿ıһֱΪԨ壬ֻҪԨ߶岢ʲô⡣
һ㣬Ԩʵ֪ĩֽһ䣬ҽⶼ໹ܻꡣ
ȻЩ⣬ûϸʣϾDĶеΣЩ²ȴ֪𰸡
˵Ԩˣ˲ıŮĻδ䣬ҸղѾͷı֣ˣ˽ӴϵҲһ㡣
ʵ
ܷŮиҵģΪˣڿǣԵǸĶȻȴҪߵһ𣬲֪ΪҼܷһ
ŮСԨ쳣һһȴ
ܣһƽϲ֡

ܷȺεû۾컨ˣŴ߳
ϵǣɫÿ࣬ԨЦ٣һ
ܷ۾˿ϵͷ绹ûѾ˵ô
˼룬ͻȻܷ褣Dµһڸߡ

ܷ褲ɵþȳͬȵĻɫŮ뻹ߵԨǰ
ɡ
ԨЦһͷСˡ
ǣܷ褾شԨĪڸй䣬Լ̫ҲϤ˰춼·Ȧ
ڿǰ治Զɻرи̧ͤͷԨʵ
£ȥǱЪһЪɡ
Ԩ΢΢ף˱㳯ͤȥ
󲻾ãͷϲˮıԶԶصȺһߣĪվôԶܷͻȻеڣΪʲôҪ˵ദʲôģպ΢
ܷ褽ָЩֲ֪˵Щʲôźãʱֻߵ˵
ҵһμ
ܷ褻û̫ףԻؿԨ
˵ʲô
ǡûʲô
Ԩ豭һСڣΡ
С˫룬һϢ§ĽףѾˮʶ壬¾ͷȴһðź|ɣҪιȥˡ
һ㶣|
ϸ룬һʶôȻһ¶ûУ
ҵĽŲ֪˲ٶһץסŮļ
뵽ԨµЩ죬һԳԵĵķܷ褵ĿҲ
ԶҲˣŮŵֵİɫȹ̵ľˣ֫¶ߡ
Ů˫۽ѹǺˮˮѹϣճ
ƿȴŮźڰӨ޳Сȣ΢΢ŷ۽ֺĿɰСϡ
˽Ĳκ˿ԼۣŮϡ
һ룬ԶѾӰ֣ԨٶʧӰ١
һŮӵΡ
СﻹֵİɫȹЦǺǵؽ|
ʣ|˭
˲˦ܱ˵|㣡
֪ԼеǸˣνҲûȥ
ƵСȴһδǰ֣˫ɫһ˿һ˿̰Ϊİ|ΪΨһ
Ԩ˱۾Լ˼漴֧ÿԵС
΢ƣһƬ
ܷܷҪ޸ˡ
ܷ褶ʱһĶϡ
ɵԨЦЦۣһȥܷ褴ߵĸм
ԺҸⶾˡ
˶٣·ܷ褵գô
Ų֣зܷ˵һ֣סſļơ
ܷ۾ƤЦⲻЦ
ܿأ
˵ܷ꣬褰룺Ҫǲ棬һģ

 23 

绪˵ǰ㣬ܷ褳ΪƽЦ
ѹһͷĸŹŮֳƿ죬ݺݾܾӵ۳Ц
ƽȫĻⲻǽô˷ܷʲôʱᱻD
ܷ褶Դ˲⣬Ϊ֪ԼñЩӵ˻ö
ɽԷڣܷ褿žžવϺͣ˵Լжʱڵԡ
ʨӲȮͻͷȸ
ĨĨᣬСɶ˼
ܷ褷еӣ˵ҿҪµˣûЩ
ΪȫĵŮˣ˵ʲô⡣
һ֪ԼᱻDҵ׽ⶾķҲѹһ㣬ҪĵŮǸö֣ıûɫ
ڶĲַɣ㲻϶ܸöһ㣬ҲģԨߵˣֻҪ޹ȥҳɵ񽻸ˣ
ӣԼС㷴Ѿϰˡ
СĻȻô˵˵Ļ᣿ǶŶ䲻˼ȥ
˵ţͿ˿еɥС
ĹҲǵģڰʲô簡ʱСһ֣ű
ܷ褽ӹչԵɨһۣ˼ǱսܣЩޣĹСһȥп֡
ʲôһܶһӲôͻһ¶ĹƤӵҲãôЩŮǧĹҲֵ̫
Ĳ⣬ҲķſЩû˵ʲôǰܷᷢ

ٽ磬ܷ褲Ųص˻ҡ
мСˣǴӷԲǵģֻ飬֪ܷ⣬˿һţܹš
С㣬ةŮ磬Ů֥в¹մŮ¥أ˱ײһˣССĵƼˡ
ܷ΢΢ףʾ˽⣬ֻû뵽һʱ⼸˱ײһˡ
УֻЩӡȴעϴλʹ磬ҲǷˡ
뵽ܷ褴ˣͻ֥˳ǺԭһɣӵǱߵˡ
ܷ褻ߵ¥ңӲŽ룬ֱӹյӺãұһӷΪ֣֪Ľƫ|ŪĲϣܷؿߣߵȴѹ档
˿̣λСѾߣܷ룬С˸øɴ
ҹѣסˣ
һ磬糤Դ˵Ц⣬Це١
ָܷ£Ч΢Ҳû˵ʲôЦЦӰ컭
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ܷ褣
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˵Ĳ𣿣
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ص㲻ʲôӣСѾͷƬҪʲôץ
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ܷǶȣÿԿϵĳ
ܷüͷ΢ةҵԶүʲôΪ֪Сô
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⣬˻֮±ˡ
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ܷһǾɽϻӳƴ
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ܷ褿ǮϣǿԼʱҪıԼ飬ó̼ķ̬Ⱥ
С㣬˷Сķ΢СЩ䲻ƣ߲ѡء
֥Ůһ˿˷ʲôģҲֲײС˿ɰһǴƽСװɰװˣһܷ褵ĻСų
㵹ῴˣձ㲻ҪСĶˣ컭ɣ
ܷЦųǣ漴Ǳ߻֥ȴвס嶯ˣͶƤС
죬ǰԶ˵Ҫɽˣ
ԣֶ٣ѹסңס
֥ǸңǺЦѽЩɣұˣҲһٻܸԶˣŪ㻹ʲô
˵֥ƻȻһţԣηѾ˵˲׼Զˣٶ벻ʲôأ
컺̧֣ɿңͷһĻ֥񿴼˼Ϊɱľ
С㣬ú㡣
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һ븮Ϊ檵ŵ˿ģô
ۿŻ֥ҪܷСĪٶһ⻭Ҫ¸ǮŶ
֥ôݺݵصһۣ˷ܷ褻ꡣ
ʱԼĻǰȻš
Զϲˣ⻭һϲ
ĬĬŲ˵ܷӺ״Ʋ˵˾䣺
Զүϲ֮ˣÿ껨һֻҪԶү⣬ʮһؼҶ⣬ûʲôԼ軨ݲƽʱˮֲŽ飬űˡ
ԣ֥ûζЦ
֥һͷˮֱҲûĥܷ˵Զ檣ԶؼҶٸԣҲᱻԶӾͶˡ
ȻҲ֪ɵûǷܷ̫ίˡ
ܷ褿뿪ıӰԸ̾һ䣬ԼȻʺĶʺ϶֣
һ죬λŮһһ㣬˲٣ʹǻҲǱģٵơ
ܷṩ˼ֳֻĸ֣ɽˮ
ǸĲŮûˣ
ɽˮ֪١
ܷ褵ͷǰĻ⣬ŮӲң
ͻȻةԶǰ쿴лԶˣǰЩ⣬Ż˹еı롣
˵һֱûлΪη̫ޣڿλ춼ûϣȷˡ
İԣǱȴͻȻڣ
С㣬ոллΪҽΧ
ܷ褣ҵô

 24 

ܷ褻룬ȻװʲôҲû
Ǳȴ⣬Ҳû˵ʲô

ܷ褻ظֱӽаȥǸҵѵˣһ֮²֪
֥νҩʵǱѵʱרõۣѣѵϰԣ۵ζ˲Ŀ꣬Կиԡ
ѵ˻һص㣬¼ζֻҪ뼸£ֹͣ
ܷѾ֪ôˡ
գܷ褺ͻɫйԲʱĸŹŮѾ˴롣
һܷ褾Ȼǰ磬Ͼһ
Ů˶¶ôձȻƲˣﻹҳۡ
ôΪóԶЩָͷӵģָͱDˣɲץ˼ϡ
λ㻹֪ɣնҲǰҿܷ褰Ϊ˶ġ
ǵȤˣڶǰ飬δС㻹ó
ԣܷ΢΢СɫʵҺͶ֮йʲô𣿡
ɫһЩΡ֮ǰΪͶһӡ
ܷ褾۾Բһӣʲôʱ£ϵô
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ܷ˻һ˿û뵽ԭݷծ
˼ӻΪĻȥ˻ʵۣ²ɵΪܷŻٻΪɣ
ʱһСѾĳڷܷࡣ
С㣬ҼСȥ԰һ
̧ܷһСѾߣϳոڻ֥ߵǸ
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ܷɻ֥Լ磬漴Цӹľơ
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±㽫Լ׼۶˻֥ϡ
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ܷĹܻ֥ô룬֮ЦֱߵǰҪȷܷ褰ͷվţܷ褵ӰС
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ҵȾһˣպҲϣСǶźá
ܷЦŵͷһһ
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͹ģ˵մɫǵҰ޷񣬸ϱһܡ
ĩˣɫֲһ䣬⶷Ҳݹ¼ˮ
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ʱĹǱ㵽ˡ
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֥Ц⣬δС㿴ɻ⡣
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С
Хķ˲ͷʶ̧ͷȥȴһƬӰͷѹ˹پĳȶĳӥצǰԹһԵĻ֥ļϡ
羯鲻ԣҪܣһ룬ȴԺһһֻץסͷ­
ͻڳĹŮǧŵɢ룬ֻ֥ͮ˱ֻΧ
޺ӥţܷԶԶսȭͷһĻڻǵƣ챻ӥץľͻ
ʧ֮ʱһɫӰͻȻȦڻУסߣ΢սȭͷο
£úܺá

 25 

һƬУԨȴһһס˷ܷ褵ġ
ûˣȻʵʵץλ˼һЩΧԼ
Щ鷳ˣˣֻһβ뵽ŹŮĹĶУһʱӦҪٵܶġ
ԨŵüͷĽøԶһЩ
ܷԼߵȺԶĵطʶԨô
ĹĶŮ죬ûԨ
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ܷ褻Լˣڽô
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Ůݼ¡
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ôˣ
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һԵԨЦһ޲ĿֱֱͶ𣬡ǲ֡
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뵽лԨͿÿʮСԣӦȥѯһ»ɫûʲô취ܽ⿪ԨϵĶ

ҵΪŹץ˹Ůˣѵ˱ָܻ֥ʾſ˱ץҲû˵̼ܵԭֻܷ
綼ɵˣһعֵĵһǻ֥ûף֥֪Σ˰죬Ҳûš
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֥ڵҪԶϲζŨأ겻ˣҲûʹãܷ褵ʱǾ䡰ô ʵ˵ϵ¼㡣
ֻʱûӦЩӦҲڱץˡ
Ϊιǣѵ˲ܷɢҩʱСմϣͮôմһЩҲпԭΪ¼㲻ȥץܷ褣ȻǼȴҸ硣

պ󣬷ܷ褴ӻҳ˼ȾҪȥѡԭϵơ
յ¼ǵ֬ӣ㱻ɳҵ
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ںˣ㿴ҵ㿪ô㿴δСҲô
΢΢һЦش
ŭ죬ռֺãûз㣬ôҵģӦҸ翴жޣĸƲȻĵ㻹μҵš
궯˶ȴû˵ʲôСܵĽǰڶʧݡ
ܷ׼ʱҲϵһ㡣
ô죬Զ˰ɣȻģǾͲҪҲ
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һƱֶˣ߰˸һţ˲ɣôһ룬˶ߣӳȥ
컹ǲܷȴܲˡ
˽ȥվС㣬Ҹſ˰ˣԭǼֻ׼ҵģ
֥㶵ؿͻȻֵķܷ褣ĿİͰ͵Ӳʲô׼ģ
Ȼܵϡ
ܷԵͷȻ׼ҵģСΪʲôôأ
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СԼҪӰץˡ
ܷüһЦ㵹Ҫ⼸ȴȫԼɾˣ

 26 

ԣʶסԼ˰̣۾ɺ죬ת˼ȦȴɳЦ
Ҷڣܷأڶ㶨ˣ³ԣDҪȢⱻ˻Ů˿϶һɻ˵ڶûͱɱˣ
ܷһ£ղ˵ʲô
ıʮ࣬ΪԼĻʹЦøġ
˵Ǹ˻ŮˣDȢ㣬϶ùģ

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Цһ˵Σ
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ʰʰˣ㼸գ˭Ҷةฮǧ𲻳ɡ
̧ɨ֣ǼôֵԶô
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ҡҡͷȻŵȴ˵ձȥ档

գܷڸɵСɷãʧ٣ɷ˼ԲڴСʱ䶼ˡ
ܷһ߻һԡ
С檴ӻʹ˵˽С̣ʮ־ϲسԵԼĹϡ
˵DѾʼѡˣǡܾϲ
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²ʱС˴æɴ˽
С㣬һڡ
ܷ褣
ˣ
ܷһƿС˵֣⻹ɴñ

 27 

Բǵ鷿У亹ֱ
վ뿪һᣬܷ褾ȥ˴ܣ˿̹췣ǹȥһʱҲû˵һ仰
ӣҰɡ
Ԩ˲ĴͲý˵ġ
ʵһ˵Ǳˡ
ӣҽһ粽ظ
ԨûлشԼĶĵ˵
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ӣӸȥ˻ңһֱҪӼС㣬˼Ī˴ˡ
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ʽæȥôôӵĵ̶ҷܷ鷳ˡ
俴һǰһûӰˣɵø̾һ䣺Ȼϱ飬ҪԼУµ黹Ҫȥɡ

һߣӣϵ΢ЦĴ磬һ˲˲ضҪӺܵķܷ褡
ܷ褣ҵʲôҪңˣ
ܷüͷ΢΢仰ʵþͺˣ˺ֱŤһ
ϴˡܷӲػص
º͵ɫһ˿ۿԽԽѸķܷ褣ǰֱβ
Ҹüˣôϴôһֵܵطˣ̸̸ÿô
ǰһñŮӵ˵
ҽɼҵ֪ģΪҸϴֽˣҶѾˣΪʲôȴŲң
ܷܷǻһ˿亹Ϊ˻Ϊ
ֻҪһ仰ֻҪԸңƴҲһģ
Ӣ޲Ϊܷ褵ѳһģѰʮа˾Ŷɣ
۵ûһ˿顣
ܷ棬ôԲϲ˽ôĻأ
з꣬תͷĮؿ棬Զ㣬ǰƣ
ԣһ˿Ϸʣ漴ϲǰ
ڿϳԼ˭ˣ
˭θɣҪûʲô¾͸Ͻ뿪
ǰոΪһ£ȥֵ˾֪Ժ⻭һˣ
޹˭йأϴ󣿻Ǹ壿ܷ㻹ֻĴô
ܷ褱ĺ޳ܾյѾץסܷ褵ñҪ
ŮӨ׵°Ѿ¶Ĵǰһֱֻ
Īһ£ֱֱȥüԶܷ褷סņ̃ͷȥֻǰѾһƬһš
Īһ±㽫ڵأ̵һһǽһڷܷǰ˵ʵʵ
أλǲǷС㣬һñ
Լ߹ǣɫעĪ
˭֪ĪǠDĪD϶ڸ
ʱһͦӰſڣʶΪԨŵ
壿
̧ܷͷȥȴĽϰѾߡ
һԣӸµؿ˵
۾ëϴҷˣϴң
ҷǲȵ˷ܷβһ̳Ų˾롣
˿Ҳݣ΢΢㶣漴վֱ
ԭĽӡ
ĽϸɵйʵС⣬ĽϷʺҲĽңҶҪ֣Ľƫ|ֻǼ϶ùݻҲ˵һĸҪһӲС
ҾȻ֪ĽӺʱȢޡ
ԨƳһ۶Զĳˣعͷѵ
ΪӣĹȴܵǱȢ֮£ǴСˡ
̰νָ˹ȥһ

䣬ĪһĿڣֱӽߵÿѪ
ŭ⣬üԨӿڻʺͺүķϸӣȴԽ񡣡
ָָܷ褼˵ָδŵ˵ԼˣĽĪҲ
ܷ褣ñժ
ԨЦһһڣӳȥ
Ľƫ|ңŲҽ˷ĳ
䣬ʹ鼸졣
Ԩҡҡͷתķܷȥ
ܷκԨǣϣ㱼ﲻ̫ԡ
Ԩһֱƿǰᣣã˫ۡ

СﵨһܴһرӦòŵ
ѵڵǸûˣ
ǡʱ˵Ѿˣܷ褿˿̧Ԩ
ĪΪʲô
ĪԨĻôͻȻڳ
ԨĥʲôɵùЦ˵ǠDģ
ܷһץסɵ㣬ĪոҲڱ㣡
оĪĽƫ|Ƿӵģ
ͻȻܷǰ˵ʵ㲻Ԩɣ
κҲ񣬶ûԨ׳ʲô
Ԩ΢ת飬ʣôϣǸлԼң
ܷ褣
⻰ʵã޸һ
ԣĪԨĻңҲӦģǵʲôϵ
һûд𰸾ļƣԨ̫Ѩ˵
DĸĽңҵı磬Ļһûʲôɡ
ԣܷ°ͻ䵽ȷʵдʺĽңDĸҲĽңԨֶǱֵܡ
˵ԼĽƫ|ԨĹϵȻ˼ǱֵܣĪı֣˵ƵҲпԭˡ
ԨǰŮһСͻȻȥֽ޵Լӡ
㻹ûشңϣȢô
شģŮɫĻңŶơ
վ붼ûһ䡣
ܺá
һ仰ʹ⣬Ľƫ|עݡ
˵ܷ꣬ԼҲסˡ
Ԩܺá

 28 

ԨԭذΣü۲䡣
Ի»ͦģʵ
ķ繣˷ܷϵĺ죬عͷȴ˼ɤǴµһ仰˵
Ľƫ|⼸仰ʵ˺ܶ£һʼԵģģˣĽƫ|ӦǶкøеģ
ҲŪԼԨʲô飬ԼĽƫ|ûб뷨
Ľϰ壬ˡ
δ䣬ܷѾƵˡ

ܷ褵һֱ쵽ҹ
˫ſڴϷǰϴθĽƫ|ʱ⻭ԨԽԽԽԽ
֪ʱߵڴЦ
ְܷ˽ŵؽһۣϲ˯ЦҸ
͹ۣ⳯ԼСּŰݡ
Сûԣū׼һѣû뵽С㾹ȻѾɫ伢ˡ
ܷ΢һü˵ʲôȴڰ֣
ԡ
˼ԼĴ£θڡ
ȰͳҲãϸ϶˯š
ܷ˵ע˯ˡ
ˣһԣȥϢɡ
ܵ漴ɺò
һ춯ָֻܷ֪ˣӱСؽողĻ˳
һŵĻСͼƽϵ壬ָշתȴԽԽࡣ
Ҳⶾģһ취ûС
Ц𣬷ܷ褻ͷ
ЦңղҪЦңҵĻܱô
ָŻϵͣǰ͵Ӱӡ
ԨվڴߣߺĺǳЦ⣬Ŀ⻺ӻƵܷĿɿڴСϡ
ܷʶ뽫ֵٴĥһΣ⻭Ƿˣԥ
Ԩһֽ˹
ң
ܷ褰ڴȥԨתֻź߳ŭСèץƵĴ¡
ܷ褴˿Ҳ侲֪Ҳ޼ˣԨ϶ˣػãһ䡣
кֻܶġ
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ԨȴЦŻָеĻ΢΢ü
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ܷµ̧ʣô
Ԩױ̨ǰͭпСﰵȹС֡
Ī˵ڳˣ
ܷ褹ԹԵͷԨ˵ѵ֪Լڳ￪ҵ飿
ԨžˣС͵صͷһ˳˿Ӽͷ£ǰһֱѵ䣬һԱȣĵ۵޳Ĳ
ͳף֪£ȴ֪
ԣܷ褱㿪ʼҼ֣ǲԭǵ£Ԩˡ
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ܷ褿ߣԨںܲˬ˵Լ֪Ľƫ|˼
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Ϊıɩ
һ仰˵Ԩ˲ƹЦǿװҲֱɢǰ˵Ķͷ
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Ԩ鲻ΧߵĵѹҲûˣܷ褱Ҳû̫⡣
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ǣְԼ߽ҿҪ֪Ľƫ|Ūôò˵ǰһ뻹Ż
ˣСƢҲرãҲΪΪ汻ƼֱӰȥǺõġ
ԨƬڿڣ㵱ȻԿи
ܷ褵ʲô
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˵ɶܷ褶ʱ¼
һ컭ţҲҪһ²ܻ꣬²ڵֻ
Ԩڵͷظһ飬һһŻ񡣡
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ܷ褼״̺ͣܺãƺܺÿ
ԨԼŵ˫ֿۣһķܷ褣ȷ
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ֱ̧̧ۣǳãͦסˣܶ
Ԩﲻ֪С˼͵͵ȥҿ˻񣬴Ҳû˵˶˵ʲô׽Ūˡ
Ԩ˿ѣĿ⻺ƵŮϣʮϵ˵ҲЩ
ܷ褵ͷƲƲ죬ȻСϷ϶۵Ԩֻеᣬ㲻ᣬҲʱʱߺغһ䡣
˾һһˣ
ȻԨûжǱѨһûκζֻٱʱǲŻ΢΢Ϲһ
ܰ
ֻлֽϵɳɳ˵ĺ
ĩҹĳϲѾ࣬¹һţӳɫϣͬӰϵĺ¶ˡ
ܷ褻ŻŲ룬˸ôѿͣе˶ǹ滭һ˧
ڷܷʱֻһ촫
̧ȥֻԨѾ᲻صصֻҲһֱڶ
ܷ褵һЦ˹ȥ
һ֮ң뿪ڳЦȴһۿԨֻͣһֻɫʰ쵵ĺ
Ԩ죬ʣܷܷʲô
ܷҲ¾ŵСأһֻ
ǣˣ԰վŲзˣ
ָźʵ˵̣ܻܶһʮô

 29 

Ԩ̧ؿ˷ܷһۣ漴еĶɺŷߡ
ΪһÿҵĻⶾô
ܷ˼
ˣ봺ˣʮ꣬Ķˡ
գҽ㱻ƽ׷ͯյһ˵ӱ޵ظD
յĺٸԨһЩϣֻطˣǲζڵĶ˱仯
ʵܴܲˣܻãԨǲģֻںԺʼϣԼи塣
ĽҲȷϲ
ԨڵĶһЩһЩ΢СĻֵ׻ˡ
ԭ򣬷ѺӶҪͺҲûƷתͷҩоԼ䷽ȥˡ
Ԩ˼Ĭȴû˵еĲ롣
һ죬ƽǵ˲ֹ塣
סͬסִʦһ빬Ϊʹƺƴ󣬷ղˡ
ʱܷ褻ڻɫСԺо
ɫһ鲼ϸزԼ겻ҩƿʱ̧һһжķܷ褡
ֽеôǺţɫΪĿڡ
㵽ʲô
̧ܷԴ֧֧˵ǣ뿴Dϵʲô
ԣɫһ١
ܷ褲ͷŻɫϵ쳣һ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ϵĶµİɣ
ɫæϣ
Խ˵ϢԽͰ͵ؽͣʵҲЩϵ
ܷ褲ɵýô£
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ֶ֪˵ж߻һƣʮʱ˱񱻻չһýɻҽ
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㣬ôʮʱƳҩҵʱ뵽ǰµĶˡ
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ֶڵµҲ֪ں˻໥ǯţڵµǱסˣ֮󡭡
ܷ褴ͷ֮Ԩһܹµ
Լս۳ɳٴϺѵļ򿪻ĦĽߡ
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һƽûһһˣܷƵ
ǰʱԨûˣŠDͷҲͦңģһ뵽ߣľһְֻסĲһ
˳Ĭ֮ʱϣϲ߽ͨ
С㣬С㣬ܴʦˣ

ͣΪ׼իȻܶԴ˲Ȥ
ǻɫʮ˽ԼʦƢԣԼСԺ׼һ⣬ǿ˻硣
ܷʦͽѣҲ໰ֻԹԺȾƣƹѲ󣬻ܲ÷ܷǰ档
СʩƲ֣ ﻹֵͦģϴλʹͼ飬һѣôһСʩȴһֲᡣ
ܷоƣ෢̾ϢΪ
ܣզأǰ濶Ūˣʲôɷģ
⻰˵ãɫͷܷεؿ˿˴ˣղ飬ôӦ˵˹ֲ˼ġ
ɫһܳ˸ȣʦԶϹ˵
˼Ⱥֿ˿ܷðΪˣ
ԣܷ褾ƺججԴͻȻָԽݶ֪ܳΪɫʦ˵а취Ԩ
ڵذһֻҲǰʦûа취ܾȾ
һü˭
Ԩѽܷ褵
һ֣ЦˣҾȲˣԼȰɡ

 30 

ܷһͷˮң
ԼĴͺͷƺ־Լûʲôãֵ˵ܷ褵š
ĺлСʩôԶĵطĽҩ
ɫ΢תԼʦ˵һ֮ȴиѰ˵֮ϴΠDʱľٶܷһر֮
ָҡ
ܷʣɵؽ˹ȥ
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ãܷҲͷȥɺɫ롣
ۣſᰡѪǺ̵ô
ɫͷ亹ܷ褵תСؽݸ˻ܡ
ʦԶֻɫģرıǺ³ɺɫɻɫɫʲô
ЦЦֱӰɫҪֹȴɫʧָֻ˱ɫ
ɫ⡭
Ƴһ۷ܷ褵˵ɫıǽҩ
ܷ褴˸ãԽҩϣ
ܻԿ϶񣬻ɫһãȻ
ܷ룬ҡҡλεվҲˣҪýҩЩˮȾˣ
˶ͷʻܣҪֱӷѪԨȣ
ɫ
ܣ
ǵҲأģ˳Ȼͺá
ܷصصͷһ˱ֱھˡ

ɽԷԷϰŷܷ褣ҩһ黯
СץˣͿҩˣ
ܷƺȥץһ£ѹýûҩ򷭡
ͿϷӣСǰ䲻ǧҲǲģô屭¶ǣϻ˶
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ܷ褣
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ܷ褴ԼϷĵط⼸ƺȵöֻþˡ
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ԨȽס÷ˣһͷʵɫָԼ촽΢³֣
 ίֱֽֿӰԨĶ˵
΢΢̧ḧϣ΢û̾һֻèһĲ˲䡣
Ԩ΢ۣĦסС°ͣǰȥĴǰʱȴ˺ݺƿˣ
ԨһȻʧȴֻվڴ߲Եؿŷܷ褣ֻСڴͷСӶˡ
΢Լҩ࣬ǵЩڴͷ˰β֪óһƿҩԹԵͿ
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ԨĹֻһۣԭڻ֪Լľء
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Ԩ̿ˮ΢΢һ£ҪԶһ㣬ȴһ󼱴ܼġžž
ܷ褣ڸ
ڻ

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ʣԨѾͷ۵ط֣ҩ౻Сƹڱˡ
ԨεرϣŻ桰ͣŮЩǡ
ܷܷﲻСǺȾƺɵô
ʲôϵ
ܷƳһۣǸģԨֻЦǰץסͣ˫֣Ŀע
㿴ң˭
ô֪˭
˵ָ꣬˼飬ڳԨߴ˹
ѧӣڴߣʱʱ͵ߵһۡ
Ԩ龫ֵӣҲǺȻӵģǸӹС꣡
ܷ褺ֱֱԨһֻСèԾԾԡ
κԨڱƵɫ΢رͷ㿪ˡ
ſڱϵҩƿҪҩʰȴȻú͵ѹʲô
ܷһͻɽԨ˲ȥһģһֻų߶ȥ
Ԩתͷ۵ؿɣװû˵ķܷ褣һ룬Ȼȥһᣬ˱
ĴץסֻϣǯסŮԶǳ⣬Ҷ
Լ˵ķܷ褣ԹԵصͷκ飬Ԩã˵ĥʲôأ
ϸ룬ŮСԴȻÿļϡ
ԨͷŮǹ޵ζıǼ⣬ռе˼
ܷܷ
䣬ŮǻӦƵͷ˲䣬ֱӲ䵽Ƥ
Ԩ󱳽ֱ΢΢ͷһ
ȻŬƽʱ򣬷ܷͻȻһҧԵ
촽Ƿ򢣬˲һɵȫڵֻɷܷ褼ҧߡ
ܷٶ죬һתۣѾ⽫ߵ
Ԩɶܷɵش˵βҡҡһɵЦһ߇Nɪ
ý㿴㳤øʲôСģ

 31 

Ԩͷ۵üģͷܿ˷ܷ̽ѰĿ⡣
Ƿܷ褴˿ǺͷʱôݵԼϣСܵԨǰɷ˵ؽ˵Լӡ
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Ľϰ壿
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ܷʹԼԿǣô⣿ҸղԨ˵ѽ
ԨüɻֽСĿҴԹ΢ҵ쾶ֱһ˫СӨ׵Ľϡ
˸̧һ㽫صá
ܷ߰ģȴǰ֮Ľƫ|ĻԶһΪá
ţϢŲλɻվԨѾ׷ϣ˻
ε̾ϢһߵͣˣҾԨ
ܷ褣
ժˣ
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СԴйϵǰԨĽƫ|˲ǳһˡ
һԵԨΪС̧ͷһʣ˰ȴС̧ͷճһЦ㳤ûͦÿģ
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Ԩü߬ô£
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ȺһѹѹϵĶ
Ԩû뵽ԼĲ²棬ܷϾȻнҩѾͷһţ˵ҪѪܽⶾôôףôȻؾԼһϵѪҲϧӣԼһ嶼ů
ٳٲܷܻڴŻСһ˵ǰҵ
ԼֻĵɫѪܸԣҲȻ
ҽ˱ǣҪ˵ˣаְҶģ
˵ţְ˹ȥͻȻ֪еѪȣܺҪúûŲа
ҲŸո֪Լϲ㣬㲻ҪôȥòãһŬĽ٣ĽҩҲ޲ڵػš
û˵ڵĻȫһ̲ˮɫУ˵˶Ĳ˵ͷ裬˵ЦЦ˵޾Ϳޣ˵;ޣ˲ұ
˵޵۾˵һԳֱǰ᲻Υһ֡
ԨͷִŵϣСƺܲһˮȵˣֱȵļ⣬̧һۣȴŵøҿԼ
ԨЦЦ᲻صҧһڡ
˻ ܷ۵õһӶŤȥ۾ǰˣþϴһʪշת
Ȼɿ˱㱻˱ڻܷ˫ֻۣɫǷҽҪһ㡣
ʣ֪ԼѪʲôζ𣿡
ܷãȻҡͷһ룬°;ͱסѹĴϡ
ú߬Ԩ½գ۾ٵغš
֪ʲôζô
̧쳣ĺ죬סԼĿڣġ
䣬ܷԴһᣬԨ˯ˡ
ԨֺֺЦؿ˵˯˯С˱۾ѹĵ׵
ҲǽգŶ˵ĥ˯Ҳã

һգͶԼСʧ
ʱԼſžˣ֮ͻžԼգһղѵı顣
ͷеӸ⣬СȥɫСԺߣǧëˡ
ܷҡҡͷ˼ȥɫ⼸ѾƲȥˡ
һΡ
ԨˣˣƷ轿ûʲôôŵԨȴĽƫ|ȻĽƫ|
һԼǸͷβŮȻŲֻ
ֻҲͰˣûЩ£ԼǱʶĻ˼Ľƫ|ɫǶԲסԨˡ
뻹Ǿòصǻ·ŷԲǾȥˡ
Ľƫ|ЦЦư͸񣬷ܷȿ̹̹˵ˡ
Ľϰ壬Ҳ֪ұͻ飬ҵĲҲܼȥˡ
Ԩ㶣ôҲû뵽Լ˵ľȻ
㲻ǵˣ
ܷһ㶣ʲô
ǵʲôǩԼôѽûдԴְ
Ԩҡҡͷ
ôҲû뵽СȻǸȾƶƬĽɫΪ⼸ղݣ⼸æЩҲͷ
Ȼǵ£е鶼ˣ
뿪ˡ
ܷΪǸصͷ
ѡѡҿԽֱҳ׳Ϊֹ
Ԩһ֣۵ԳЦ⣬Ӧһ䡣
Цһֱܷ֮Ԩ۵ףһתۣ伱Ҵҽͨһ仰---ӣСDȥˣ

 32 

ԨϻؠDʱҴææܳĪۼֻֿһͷײԨˡ
Īؿŷ壺ҽôôСġ
ŭ˼·˴ң̧һԨʱ£ؿλ
Ԩζؿλҽҽֻҽе˳ؽͣ
ϱнⶾ֮ҩоһ££
ϣѾ뿪ˡ
Ԩ˿ҩͯ𽥰
Ī˳Ŀ⿴ȥѯʵӣʵˣҪôã
ԨDͰһ飬Żᰲġ
ɴ¹غС㡭
Īţʵ֪˷ܷ褸ҩйأԲ׷Źܷ褵ġ
ް
Ԩ˼Ƭֵ̣Իʵ۵Ը񣬽ջ̫ҽ׼ãʲô˵ʲô˵
Īȥ졣

ʥּȻúܿ죬а˸£˼ãʵ۹ٷܷ褽һۡ
ܷܷĬĬֹƬ̺Ѿ˷޹
޹У˵ĲǸ˵İ裬һһΣ޲дб߽ǵĶϵȵƤǽȭͷҹÿһ
Ⱦıʮܳġ
ˡ
һĨƽŮһ룬һͲ󣬵ŻŮӷŴ˳
ܷ룬Ǹ񣬡á
ܷƺûоòףкúŽзܷ
ɣεʵôίҲûҿ֡
ղʰһ£ܷѾ²⵽ǽùϵã˵ǹؿࡣ
ǰ£ý㷳ģԺ󲻻ˡ
ܷЦЦǴǰ㲻˵ҲΪıֻǻʹһҲʵ۱ᷣ㵹ˣŠDүܺá
ܷ򴽲ȴġ
ķµۣҲ˱ӻѣڿˠDֻҪʵ֣ǠDˣһٻٲˣԺҲ¹µҶ̸㣬˴ҲиӦˡ
ܷһ˵D䣬ϵƢҲزסˣֱӵ˹ȥ
»úõģ˵ʲôأ
ܷû뵽þȻǲĠDţЩЦҡҡͷ
ҽã˵ʵôˣ˵ĠDҵı²Ҳô
̾һ˵˵
빬óôЩ̫꣬ˣʹˣۼĲǰƴ˶ΪĲҲô
̧ܷЦĪ⡣
ܷԼԲĶӿܷ褼˵
һأҲҪΪһ㣬ڿ̸͠DҲˡ
ܷ߶Ҳ̫ˣԼԻСԺ˿ڲ裬˵Եɡ
Թģµ۵ǻֵ꣬ա
ܷͻȻʲôͷܷ᣺
ʲô˼
ܷ᣺֪ҵ˼ʲôԹĸʵλԼֵܲϼӷģȻԴ곤ĺ׵ķͬ;ͬ飬һҪżԽԶԽã
ԶĲ˵˵Dĸȥ磬ȵۼݱԼû취ȥزƽɾƽùô
˾͸սûھٶ˾ʲôã涾˵ȥˣ
δ䣬ֻһɺϯ
ܷץŲ豭ּƣȴ̲ס
ǻʵ۸µĶ
ɫҲ˵ʵ۵ǻسȴڽƽǵǰҹжˣʱôû뵽ǻʵأ
ܷҡͷʺµĶʵ۲ʺ˭֪أ
ܷһ㶣ǰôãûʺ󣬿ǻʺĸףԨĸĸ¶ܷһ붼Լı
ɫ쳣ѿܷ᲻Ϊǰӻ֡
DԼ׷ʲô
ԣܷ褻̧ͷһϣĺ󹬣Ԩĵط
ڣѾˣţҪŬЩ͹¶ʧ
ܷᶢŷܷ褿˿ͻȻָ۾ü۾ôɫˣ
ܷʶͷױݡ

 33 

ܷɵسסܷ褵ͷ
תҿôҲܱɫѽ
ܷ褵Ƴһۣȴŵһ
ҲԴˮ֮˺ܶı䣬ԸĸıԲض˵һɫı仯
ʱҲڷܹȥˣǼǰ˵˺죬ģֻ֪ԼԽһȴ֪Լǻ괩˴˹
Ǻߣԭķܷȥˣ
ڷܷҪ׷֮ʱĹ̫ҽ˽ܷɫü̫ҽ
̫ҽƽĶǺ̫ҽôˣ
̫ҽ̧һ˫ؿŷܷ褣ĿֻƵܷϣＪ飬պ̫ҽ岻ʣСǰ
ܷᳯ˿ɲʲô˶ģ°ɡ
̫ҽԼǣСӹµ̫ҽһֻС˸ղſСɫݣƺļ֮ɷСΪС
ܷЦһе㱾£㶼ó
ܷ褣һܷ褼˵СļµëҲС
ļµëܷ褰ϣȥ
̫ҽڷܷ褵ϣƬ̺ջֽ䣬ܷһҩ뿪ˡ
ܷպҩҲûٹͻ̫
һֱ͡ԺȥȻײʴ
ָܷŰʣ㣿
ʺ룬ವһ¾ܳȥˡ

Ůģ
СҪǽˣ
Բԣ ɫ֮ǰڴʣǰЩӰ˵ҲûȥǣڿĪǻɫѰҪȥˣ
Ե̫ӵʲôʱְٲ֣ɫָˣ
뵽ܷ褵ͻȻС˵̫ӵʱԨѾˡ
㣬ô
ʱɫڷܷǰܷ褻Լ⣬ó̫ҽҩɫ
ҿҩܹļô
ɫҩֻѰ̲ҩ
𣿡
ܷ룬Żɫ£󣬡⼸ؿڷƣ㿴ǲļµëˣ
ܷë̫˶֪ģɫҲҵΪ˰죬ұ̲ҩǶġ
㣬ܺðʲô⣿
ܷ֪ͣ˵ЩʲôָԼֱ˵
ٿʲô⣿
ɫȥָᰴѹڷܷ褵ֱϡ
ĸ첲ʱܹ˰ûϵҸ㿪ҩԺҲ᲻ˣ
ܷ褼ȻЦЦ
Ĳǻɫı㣬ﵽⶼǡ
첲ϵˣǳưУ԰ʱ˴µġ
۾ɫСǰǲǴͫ
ƾһθƴƣһ¶ûãȫϺ
ԭ
ʯ֮䣬ܷ褺Ȼһ£֮ԨĽҩѵΪԼǸô
Ľҩ

ҹɽԷźܷ˯£صԼ᷿һأһӰҹɫлܷ褵ķС
ܷ褽أ˯ñͲ̤ʵˣδۣᵽһ嵭Ĳҩķұ㻮Ĳ
뷢һ룬ͷµ΢꣬˲ˣ
ԨڴͷָɨСĽëһƳָ档
˯ˣʵ
Ϥڶ𣬷ܷɪɪ۾һԨ
ʲôΪ ҹ͵ף
ԨЦЦֵΪҲˣȶƬ˸ǵá
Ҫ뿪졣
ԣܷҲղŵľٶæ֧ӣҪȥ
ԨΪسıͳ׿ˣһԨҪߣܷͷš
Ԩ°ͺ΢׵촽س߿˿סֱۡ
ǸȥǵòҪ̫ۣҩԷʲôҲˣ
˵ţʹ˿ǻ
Ԩʲôֲǲˡ
ܷп˵ֻ򴽵ͷֺ۾ĵʵ
ҿԸȥô
ǽҩĳʲô£ҲԷһ
ƺǿ뷨ԨһƬһѽСﱧȦԼ
ܷ褣ŻԼ
˶ٽ˱øͷ㣬˵⼸ָúܺãڵĶҲЩ
ܷ褲ͷǷ˵ԭô
ԨΪ⼸㡣
ܷܷʵûʲôұʮ춾˵ҵ˶ᱻֱӱ
ܷ褱˵÷£СǴô
һǸåŻ𻯳ɻˡ
§ø
ǣֻһ⡣

 34 

ܷ룬һ£
ԣƭҵôƭƭϲ㡭
Ԩôһ⣬϶Ҳ׷Źġ
ԣҵ⣬ΪΨһһӴˣ 䣬ܷ褵͵
֮ʲôûУԨû˵ϲҲû⣬˻ʵ۵Ĵͻ飬ʲôϵûУһ̣ܷȴί
ⲻǳ˵Ǿ䣬ֻһŮˣ᲻Ȣô
ڶԨ˵ˣǡһˣҲûˣŶмġ
ԨᣬŵֽŶ֪ôţСᡣ
ܷܷޡ
δ䣬Ѿɴֱϡ
ԨæҵĨȥܷϵᣬϢСβ޺죬۵ĺ󱳣ֽ§ڻ
ûŮ֮飬֪СΪһ仰жң֪ԼǿޣһԼղŵĻŷӦƢСˡ
ܷ褡
Ǵδй滹һ˿ţܷס˿Ĺĵ̧ͷ
ôǲˣԨСģЩЦҪڽҪҪˡ
˼˴СɷۺĶЩѿص˵
ϲ㡣
ܷû뵽˿̻˵㶵ؿߺԶǧٱ˵Щʼǲ̫Ӧ
ǣ˭СŪޡ
ܷܷǵʱˮô
Щûߣܷ褾ͻᷢˡ
ǴôǴˮģԨΪʲôͻȻ˵Ǹ
ʵҵһμ㣬ǴΣ㵱ʱκģҰģʱҾ֪ġ
ȵңܷ褴ȫԭ̵Ԩ
ǣʱߣȥоһʲôر֮
֮⣬ǵ֮Ԩʼ㺦ı˼
ңҾˡ ܵʱͶģԼ֪ˡ
ܷӣΪʲô
޹۾ˮؿԵˣԨֿͮͮıǼ⣬ص̾˿
ֻҪģԼ˵ЩĻô
Ϊһ㡭
һ˽ûˣǿѹΪܰȦԵûõѡ
ûУģܷ褽ŵ§סԨխϲԱ
ԨСԴЦһһһܵǰô
ܷ褺һû˵ֻԵ˼˵ܷܷ˵νĽҩʵҲһֶⲻˣҪȥʦ
ʦϵĶˣĽҩûô
ԨĬ˼ǣڶǾ綾Ȼ໥ںϣһһƽʧˣҲ
Ը˶ƽƽͨˡ
ܷ褼˵ãȥô
ԨʵѾˣͬʱ뿪ƽע㡣
ԣܷƶǶصͷʵһֱԨʱܸҡ
ܷ褡 Ԩ֣ŪӨ˳ָʵ
Ҹղ˵ϲ㣬㣬ûʲô˵ô

 35 

ܷ褡 Ԩ֣ŪӨ˳ָʵ
Ҹղ˵ϲ㣬㣬ûʲô˵ô
ܷ褵˽һָһһָ̧ѹԨĴϡ
Сʱһʫ
𣺡磬̾һһ飬ٰݳԸһԸɾǧ꣬Ը
ܷ糺һƬߵҧͷŴˣûѧᣬʫСˡ
Ԩ֧ðڴϣضСǰ糺ա
Ըأ
̧ܷƳһۣ̫ͻȻͲ˵ȥˡ
Ԩϸ̧֫°ͣ˫峺ˮɫĺ£§ø
ԸҪҵôʡ
ܷһʱûӦæҡͷϣûУһ𣡡
ԨЦЦԴࡣ
ãһԺǾͲֿˡ
۷ʦ˵ʲôǶֿ
СĻԨͻȻͻˣ˶ΪɵʱˣΪʲôúõشʱȴȵӷˡ
ֿˡ
Ǻǻһ̣עܷˣ

ӸＱҴ߽ˮ鿡
£̫ĶĿ˵ܷ褵Ժһƥİ˸û취СԺ
ԣüͷ΢˭ô
ҡҡͷûУ˿Dҹܷ褵Ժӡ
𽥸һĨЦݣԽԽȤˣ徹ȻҲ̰ɫʱ򡣡
ʱĻԴܷ褵̬ȣڿλԭǶԷܷˣܷҹԼĹ뷿Ѱζˡ
ĥӲôãֶûû뵽ȴ׽˱֮Ļ塣
ܷͨ£ģڿǲˣŮϿЩˮܾԼ˲١
ĬؿˮϵĵӰƺԼҲȻ٣
ȻֳݶЦȥһߡ
һź͠DǸͬġߣ

Ԩ뿪죬ܷ褲òŸԼЩԼÿ춼ּĸо˻ָԼĽӰˡ
Ҳ֪ǽӰ̫Լ̫ңһ磬ÿڸ
ʱ磬ӰСؾʾ⣬ʦ㲻ô
ܷ褵һߵ꣬ˡ
ͣίǲǸΪʲôҪѧѽ
ܷ褣ˣȥԷɡ
ԣ꿪ĵӻ˳ȥһЩײϷϡ
һѣȴСѾͷѾϲܵԼСǰ
ЦЦױһԷܷ˵С㣬Dˣ
üͷ΢ܵԠDҲܳڷԲǣԺСѾͷô˵DˣҪȥһ£
ߣܷѽһСϴ˰
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˵Ĵǹ𣬳ܷ֣
ЩͣվҲû֮ͦУЩĸо
ܷ褲ԾһҺ£
΢΢ϵ߲ɫؿһ䱸ķܷ褣ȻǴһͬǰȥˡ
ߵܷǰƽӣü͵˵⼸ûô
ܷ褴۾תͣߺ۾ëβ̫۵Ҳ峺
£۾ѰǱᣬѰû
𻺻֧ӣŮмֵӣ֪̽һ̽ӣǺҪʱеı顣
κûشܷ褵⣬ǽ
Ѳɵ˶ȥлҪС㵥˵
䣬ϱ㱻˴˳ȥ
ܷ褵⿴ſִϣƬĿ㱻յķжϡ
͵ǯסܷ褵°ͣƵǽϣ漴ѹ˹ˣһֽץסֻ߾ٹͷ
ô棬Ͳϵñˣ
ܷ褵ţֻܷصɣʹǰ˻ԳƱ϶Ԩ
£ϥ͵ض˹ȥȴзز㿪ˡ
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Щõ⣬ĶãĲȫȡһƿ
ܷҧ˫ȭȫȫ۵󱳲ϷʵУܷ褺󱳵סǽ͵ؽͷײ°͡
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Ԩһһ۾ͿģСﱻŻˣ˭Ҳˡ
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ԨǹһĨЦСǰ𣬡ãҴȥĵط

ȫƽ˭Ҳû뵽ողʹʧٰû죬ת۶ʧˡ
ҳԱʧ٣ֱ˻ӣƽĻ̻̣췣֮˵ϣةΪ׵ĴҪʵ۳£Ϊǣӭ빬Ľʺӡ
ʵҲԼõһҶȨȻλҲھͳɶ硣
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ܷ褾ȵ˵̿ˮβһԼ
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Ԩ۵ʱವسͶȥʼæϣС˵ʲôʱҪ¥ȥ
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ԨףʣعȥǣѲɷҪٱ췴źô
սȥɱʹ죡
ԼʹףöҲܣ
˭֪ԹԹг𱨳һȥһ˰ˣгƿһҰյôܲƺͼʹأ
ȥة˶㣬Ժûʲô²ˡ
һҪˣСӣ磬Լȥʵ£Ҹ㵱󽫾սķѽ
ԨƳһۣȥʵۣҵңүÿС޶á
˵ţܷգգۡ
һ𾪣ۿЦСʾúܴ̼
ԨԸعҲ޷ֻãҲܱӻһʵۺʹһܷܲŹ㣿
˶٣̧Űֲһ䣬СӲġ
ʵۿɼٶȺô˵
ܷ褲ûЦԨصץú׼ѽ

 36 

ȻŤͷǣֱӸߺˣ
ԨƤû̧һ£̫ҽѾ̥ǸʵΪż󹬣ģ֣ʵԼҲȥ
ʵͷã
һԨûػʱ˳ȥ
ܷ򴽣֧֧ʵ˵Щ飬Ҳҵ㣿
Ԩ̧ͷ峺ãҵ㶼֪
㲻Ҹ游ᵳͼıλܷüŻ
游Ҳһ
ܷʺţԨЦЦֲһ䣬Ҳǡ
ȫҶˣ
˵罫а¾Ҫƽˡ
£ܷҲܸˣ游˵θĸ׻д綼ˡ
ˣԨ۵ҲӯЦ⣬Ҳûˡ
ܷû뵽ԨҴ簿Ǿʶ֪Ҵ綼ʮˡ
Ҵϵô
ԣԨ˱䣬֮ǰʱ
̫ӽãո̫ߣϵ
ܷǷʲô飬ԨոڱӦСʱˡ
ǺȻǸ̫ӣڵĻʵۡ
ԨĬĬĿ⣬ܷ룬һһԨһˣԨӰǵһһǸ̫ӰԨһ
ܷ褰ŰʣԨߴ˴գһ޵Цݶơ
Ժȥ̫ӸôôȻܺãñȻϣһãҪǿһ϶ܷĵġ
ãԨһԣֻ΢һٴӳŮЦ
Сֽ뻳У̫һͼˡ
ܷ褲ʲôʱ򣿡
Ԩ͵ߣǴðأ
ܷ褶ʱ𣬾Ԩ
Ĳ˵ԼǴġ
ʱǸĴС㣬һҲǰԼûȻԼ塣
룬ԼԽǰȵƿϿ϶⣬֮һֱͷƣ»
ĪԼĶҩȥֻһƿ͵ϰ
ǰָԨô񣬲̫Ӹİɣ
ܷ褲˸ͻȻù

ǻسһ£ǲܲ˵Ȣ̫Ůɫ
ûӵΪʵۺ⣬϶Ȣ̫ҵǧȴʧȥ˳λ󳼵ġ
ĽʺһܲԼĶӣҲܡ
ֻԼʱˣ֪Ů˵ᵶҪɫԼԵö겻Ҫɫܷĵġ
ǣҪԼĶϱмԼ沼ϱܷ褡
ǣ˱˹ŻʺԳԷȺȲ裬Щ湤ȴһһС졣
ʱһĵһѩ
ܷŻɫ˷ܵĲУСһȥӷ׷ѩֶñҲݡ
ֱܷ褿ɫؽɫקʱŷԼҲһɫУһ룬˫գ˱ڻ
ܷͷֳԨϵɫߣǺĺȴϤֻ˫۾Ǹŭԡ
ҳѩ
ܷ꣬ŷԼĶˣԨһֱůܷ̻رסߴ١
˰ɣǿ
˵ԨҲѾ󲽽˳ֻǷܷ褸ãһ΢è
ûèУԨ
ԨüһۣĿ⻺ƵԼĽűߣһֻҡҡλεɫСèĽűɡ
ܷ褣Сèԣô㰡
ԨҲʮȷһ¡
֮ǰǺСèڵĶˣͻָ糣ˡ
ܷ򣬡ţԣ϶֪㲻ܵߵģɡ
ԨСè뵱ȷܷ褳ˮʱһŲӣ죬Сè˷ܷ褻
ܷḧСè뵽ԨղŵӣȻ˵ˮǴξˮץסĽţҲôһ𾪣
Ԩü˿Сèʱĳ
ûС


תʮ£ȨسܷŮʵۺܸˣҪܷλ֣ҪȨӹٽ
ֻ⸸Ů˶ܾˣȨϲЩܷǻʹܲ
Ҳ˵ʹʧٰѾˣû룬ոջسǾȻ˴߱ĸ飬ǣΪᴢλɱһ¡
ʵ۴ŭȴǿֻ˻Ӹ
ֻǾһ£ȴ֣ʢ̫ƽѾãһϰ˷̫ƽһʱƢ𱬵ӣϻһ˿еѪ̨ܴס
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ڴ󳼲ıϣ׷˵û
ʵҲ֪ȥˣǹΪ֮һ󽫾ںʱսû˵
ֻشɽ֣ѹڶöܶԸ˹ƶ˵ô
ǲ̾ǵĠDȻǿӦԵģֻǠDﻹս
ⲻҪȢޣеˡ
ۿûȨҵĹҪˣ£ƺڵſĹЦ
۱˵ʲôܷǺܸ˵ġ
Ԩ۰ĸĸֳ
ȨسҲؽסˣڽȨ㲻Ԩˡ
ƽãûˣܷȴҿķϼ£ˡ
˿ĲɵСŮֵţһ춼Ȳˣͼ޹ȥˣ
ܷίͰ͵˵Ҵɵˣ
һۣҲǸģҪޠDˣҪǲ룬취ߡ
ѽﰡҲǶ˵üôDңҺϲޣ
ûҸȨ˵Ԩ£ʣǷȨȴʮŻ£Ҳûʡ
аɣ˵˵»ҹ¡
ܷ»ҹʲô°
ʲôҪװܷݵЩΡ
ȴֻŮҵĺߣһͨ˵󣬷ܷ褵ﶼֻ˷˲ߡ
ܷߵõڶ˻ζԺġ
ڷܷ褰ϲŵĽ̵һһˣɹԨ߽һ
ӡ
ܷ褸źͷǰԼԼӰ
ϲˡ
ֳܷ˳ԨڡеĶǰ˻ۡ

 37 

Ԩ⣬д͵ȫаʺĪæ
˿̣·ҲûжϲѾߣֻ˹صڻ鴲ϡ
ܷ褵ͷָߵ˼ʱԼĸͷֲ˼
ԨҲûõȣͷЦЦһ룬ݹһơ
ᱭͬģֱ۽֮һһеľƿˣܷ褵Ҳˣֻǲ֪ǱѬģ뵽Щߺġ
Ԩ¾Ʊܷ褵
ܷ褾죬׷ȥ˲䣬ԨȻ
ˡ
ܷգգ۾ԼҺȲ˾ơ
ԨߣϴС˾ƣƬǵˡ
Ȼʲôÿһۣһ²ͻȻ˯Űɣ
ܷȻӦеˣԨ˼Լεı֣ĵضŵ
Ҿ˯
С˵ٻһЩԨָöǣüƬ̡
ȻһЦ漴ϣ̧°͡
Ұȥȥ⡣
ϣ΢ıŮ̺ĴϣⳢһԽŬؽԺСԽȥ
֪ʱܷ褲ŷԼϲѾ˸ɾߣԺѲ١
˶㣬ȴ㲻׷Ŀ⡭
ȱҡ
ÿ˵
÷ܷĲ䶼ȣ̧Ө׵СסԨ۽ǣæӸ֮ջԼ֣
ô
Ԩʵȵø
˿СںڳڴĴϣӨС͸ĺ죬ɫ۽棬˼˲֪
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˯ɡ
ܷ褵ɴ۾ӵűΪʲô˯ѽ㲻롭
ԨΣôܲ룬̫Сˡ
İȻ磬ҲŮ̫С廹δɣ˵ķ᲻öС¸ġ
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ʮ Ԩü
֪֮ǰķܷ褣ȴû뵽˳˳ͬȴ䶼һ
ԨһƬƵС㵽״ʲôطðˣ
ܷüͷһ壬֪Լղ˵ʲô򴽣űԨŲŲ
ʵҲ֪ҡ
㻹뿪ô
ͻȻĻʳǵ⡣
ܷһ£̧Ԩ룬ס˲ˣСֱϲ˲䡣
ǲ˵ˣҲֿ𣿡
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Ԩֽ§ڻָ񱳣ͷķίĺӡ
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˵
Ԩֹס붼˵Ļѹ£ؿ۾ǽڷĴִƵĺڷĺеļͷٴס
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ܷ褽ŵز£Żع񣬸ܵϵȣ룬ֱȦ˵խ
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ܷЦýҶʮˣ
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󣬷ܷ褺ܺڡ
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ֱܷڵ
һۣһ̵èۿ̶̼£СèѾ쳤Сˡ
ܷߣһͽ׳Ĵ٣أ
ٸ߰Ƴһۣβ˵ϣܵſڣһ룬Ѿڵոճֵϡ
⼸£ʹһЩĻҲԽӴԨˡ
ԨŴ٣ߵԷڷܷߣ۵ϷʵЦ⡣
ѵô磬ҹŬ
ܷһ㶣ŶͷǺèң
ıԨˣŬһ£ͱˣҲֻ۸ⲻ˵Ĵˣ
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ܷ˸ѣɻ鼸£һֱ˸ģԴˣĳԻѵѣҲҪ㴩ϡ
ܷʰ׵󣬰ʺͻɫѾˡ
ĩɻ飬»
ʵѾּ󽫾Ҫȥƽˡ
ܷ褱Ϊֵ˻̸£ֻδᣬǳɻ֮кڳɳŬԼκǰ̡
˲֣Ų֪ˡ
Żɫŷܷ褲֣һؼҵӣܷ褾׵߰˰ˡ
һ۲ԶԨͰʣĻɫ֣ĳ
ãҰŰɣ
ԺˣǶ㲻ģ
Ԫû˧Ĳ
ԨûȥС
ֻʧһʱ
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һƥɫĴŨңվԨǰȴͷ쳣˳
ܷ褿Ԩֶ˺üΣȴʼûȥһվǣʱʱԴ̤һ㳯ԼŲ
ԨղٿתץһѸɲι
ڶ죬ȥˡ
죬ˡ
죬Ԩ̧֣ٶȼһš
ܷ褿һ뷨
ϣܷѵúŮһԨŴؽǷǸ磬Һ˺üϹһһеԨͷС
ڶ죬ܷʰ˰
Ԩˣȴ۾С«ﵽװʲôҩʰʱҲͲסˡ
ߣ뿪ڣȴʰĶ
ܷܷǸ
̧ܷͷȴȿǰĺۼһ졭ˡ
ڼţҶϢãȥ߿ǱûҪæİɣϢһʱ䣡
Ԩһ㶣ĿĶƶ֪ˣ
ܷһ֪ʲô㵽ȥȥ
ԨӺסơ
ܷܷԲ𡣡ӦҲ뿪ġ
ܷһɵ˵ˣֲǲʱʲôʲôϰɣ
ԨЦˣͷͷƵһ
ҹԨһĽƫ|ݳˡ
ܷ褱ȥǴֵû취ֻܱŴԶԶȥһۡ
˿̣ժߣһɫۣɫĴϣʱ
͸緢ģܷ֪һлû˽ذÿè
ԼҪ
ҪԼܰﵽ
ʵ۵ԽգԼҲ֪Լÿ£ʴһߣųԼļλ
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Ҳܱ˵ǰŪġ
ǻʵŪͺˡ
ܷĥ죬ҵ˻ɫֹϼ죬˼ƻ
գΪĲҩѾ͵
ҹһôҲòֻܻظ檡
ֻԼǱ̫ã˶ѣǽ䣬һûй檣һΣȻ̧ͷ
β⣬֪ģӸ˶֪ˣҲ֪ˡ
ܻش˸м檣ȴѽͷԹĻûط
ЦϣĵؿĻʵۡ
ʵˣΪޣ
һЦͬһ߮ſڻʵ۵ϣ˳׵ĺӣ
檲˵˵˱¾Ҫ˼ˡ
ʵ۴ַźС꣬ĥʲôˣ
ͷЦЦһƬ棬ȴѾ¡
СԭΪһ.ͣ⼸ղ֪Ψһɣ
ϵĻʵ۱ģ˽ˣ˵
Ǳ˴ЩлʵȻǲмԼģ⻰ں˵ʵ˾ͱһ¡
죬.һͼӴ׵˵ʵˡ
ʵŭ˭˵ģ˻ҷӣ
Ȼŵһ
ʵ۶ʱһעȫתƱ𴦣ޣɵ㣬޾ʲô
ȴ˵ˣ˼˵ģҪк˼ң̫ˣСҪɽȥҲˣߣ
ʵЩͷۣεرź˸֪ܱڸıǴ˴ˣ޲á
Ťͷֻͷ۵ʵ۵ԣ㲻ԼĶӱ˵ô
ʵ̾ϢһòϣôҲû뵽Լõļ̳˾Ȼ˴
ݺգ£ʦʹ͵ɵҲָһŲͺ𣿡
ʵ۳ĬƬ̣⵹ҲʧΪһ취



ܷΪģղ˼ʳ
Ϣñÿ졣
ʵʹ͵ɵУд͹Ȿ޴󰭣ȴ˽·õĲҩˣʵ۵޹û߳ȥ˹ȥ
̫ҽ죬ȥסһһֻǸԴˡ
˽º󣬶Իʵ۳ˡ
ɵԷһӣһܸ֮ɳ£
ʵһҹ֮ࡣ
ķŭὣĹ
ˣʦأǺ޵Ĵ
ϵ࣬ʵǰ
ͷɢĻʵۣЦһа˵ʲôҲ
㣡޳Եҩзôж⣡ɱޣ
ǽܲ˷飬ʧغߡ
ңҴ⹬Ҳû˼ˡ
ʵʶ᲻ú֣ȴһ۵Ũէǰæǰݣǰ󲻹ʮ룬ǰһϮɷƺ;СﻹкӰӡ
ʵĿѣأҸҳ

콫нʺ밲ķܷҲ׼ؠDˡ
ʻʹϦµĻʹԽԽԶֻɵԡ
һСѾͻȻݳȴûһ糣޳ǰš
Ѿ֣ͷҲصСС
תůתѽ£ƲõĻʵϳˡ
ˣȫΪ󽫾ʤʵȺյۺը˼ǺԴ˻Ϊ̫ӡ
Ԩʱܷ褻˯
ϢܷΪǸΣȴĪʶˡ
ۿȥȻ˼ҹЦ
ˣԨʵ
ܷ褻չȥ°ͷļҲ䡣
ȵϢĲϣԨ΢δýС޹ǵһˣ
Ԩת§סܷ褣˳ƾҪСѹ¡
̷ܷ͵۾һæҵֹԨĶУ
Ԩüһɳƣȥϴϴ
ΪԼһ·糾ͻ˼ˣСȴ𴽽ǣһЦֹסĲӡ
ȥȥ
ܷܷ ֲֲߣԨµЦѡ
ܷ褿ίһһ˵ ҵĶӡ
Ԩ֣̽һŮ¡Сһڵ

ɵ˵ܷ褹һЦɫ˵Ѿˡ
ģСˣ
ԨַŵĲУѹȴͻȻСһﶥһ¡
ܷѽһȥԼĶӣ϶֪Ժܿġ
Ԩĺעŷܷ褣кܶ໰˵ɴ˿̿ŹԹԵȴ鷳ôһϲСһҲ˵
ܷܷˡ
ˮӿ㺳ܷϯǣַ¡Ķϡ
úöǰ
Ԩصͷͷһǡ
Сػһңһǵôܲúö
ڵķܷҲֹƢ߰˸µʱ˯ţԲ¡
ԭǷչʱһɫ顣
û̫ģ֮ǵģԭķܷ褵ȥ
ԨСһȦԽԽѹ
ȵҹԨڴͷҡѵС˯һᣬֻϣܶϢһ¡
еķܷ褲سԨ˶㣬ֹ
ҲҪϹҰɣԼݵֵģûϵ
˵ţѾצץ
Ԩæ§ڻĺ󱳰˭Ҳȥ£
ܷ褻۾Ͼһ㱡
Ԩجˣ
ܷ褵ͷԼί̧ͷԨ۾ƿһ£һ¡
εʲôˣţ
ܷӣֱ׵ԭǸܷ褣ֻڲ˵
ǣίͰ͵Լĵǡ
ԨĻЩεصͷһۡˣӦЩġ
ָŮ΢β۵˵ܷܷˡ
ʵҺ֮ǰ֪㲻ǷС㣬ȥطҵʬס
ܷһ㶣ʬף
һʹͻʱ͵壬أʬףѾˡ
ǡôģܷСʡ
⡣ԨСԴ˵޹أԺҲˣĴߺô
ܷû뵽Ԩ֪쳣һԭķС㡣
巽֮ȥһɡô˵ݡ
ԨӦһֺ˼䣬ηܷڰȵ˯ȥ
ȥ֮ǰԨ˱ϢôҲ޷ǸС
ȥ飬̫ĺ׷˷СʬףںʱˮݲƵһʬ£Ҳûи
ǿɶԵ壬ϲϣȷݡ
㱨ʱԨҲû룬ֱӽ˰źˡ
ʱѾûԭϲСӺζֻԺߡ
Ԩͷ˯СĵòС
ģ˾ˡ
֪֮٣ҲãԸΪѧ˼е⣬עһϡ
ʹѾ»عⷱƽ䣬ҵҲֻһˣҲֻһˡ
ܷ褣ǾĽҩĳٵĶҩ
±ö޹أΨȫһ
ꡣ

 39 

ƫ|2019ѲݳAվܷͺߵſı
ֻý̫磬Aȵʱһֱڴ̫ܣϵİɫȹҪʪˡ
СȥڴﴵɣǧˡһСõǵؿŷܷ褡
Ҷƫ|ķ˿»˺ܶΣˣֻû뵽ƽķܷ褣ξȻðˡ
ܷҲԼֻȥڴ
һȥãĿΧƹܷ˲оԼ˹
˸ãһֻĵ࣬ͳҩ
ðͷߣܱ˵ĳԷǳ˻ܷһֱûҳԣеطϢԳҩһӿɳϱĻ
ԺҪ˯ˣߵɳ˲ø֨֨졣
ܷ褲ͷһֻۣһƤ͸ףͷĴк͸īƬó
ܷ룬͵۾Ҫʱȴкһ仰ɵˡ
ף ƫ|ָŷܷѹϵıܷһޡ
ܷ褣
ȻûǱԼǽܣؼҲ֪ôһ۰ɡ
ƫ|ժīǾϲôҲܳˣ֪ô
Բԣ׿ô֪ܲ档
뵽ʲôƫ|ֵرסԼһͷҲһ˰ɣ
ҪǸͷˣȾģ᲻ֱšԴ
ܷû뵽ԼҰȻˡж浱Լλм̳ô
ôģȦ첻ȥͻؼҼ̳λô
ܷûԼ֮¾Ȼֱ˰жİû⣬ط
λǻλ ҲǵģҪ̳Լɧ
һ̥ǻӻǹ ˣ̫׸ġ
ܷҧҧ촽һʦϴҲ㡭˵Ǹˣ
ƫ|š
ˣ˵ϴпܣϴпô
ܷ褿Ű˧ˡ
ʱһ԰ϴүͺͷ˹ܷϳˣ漴һ
ܸá
˲Ǳˣƫ|ΪͿĳӾĽɫԷ˿еسΪܸ硣
߻Ÿ۾ŮӣܷҲʶ
ۿǰСٺһЦԭǴ⿪ʼġ
ܷû뵽ܸ˵Ҳôű߼ʣ˿ȻӲϻˡ
ܲû˵ʲôֻǸƫ|˵䣬ƫ|̱ˡ
תͷ۷ܷ褣Բ𰡣С㣬ҵȷϴˡ
ô˵ȴһҲǸϴ˺Ρ
˭˼أܷ褵Ȼֻ˵ûϵ
ƫ|ЦЦóֻǺӰô
ܷ褼æͷӰȻˣǲӦҵֻô
ƫ|ϲ̵ؿ˺գܷôԼֻһʱһߵܸͻȻѣ|Ҫȥˡ
ƫ|һЩźؿŷܷ褣Ӱóһƿֵ˹ȥˡ
ǵǰ˵Ķլˮˣܵ˼ҲϾҪȥǱˣⶫͺȲѽ
ܷ룬òյ͵ĿҲǲģ̿ĵؽ˹
һλŮƺܽƿֻ֣ǵʱûж롣
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