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עŮģӡ



ӵλŮǲ㱰΢ʮ֮һҲڳΪ١

(ŮŻĶ)



Ͼŵոлл֧֣

ӵġΪս

һĵط



ҹĹӤ



ĪּƵ꣬



ҽԺֵĺɫ߸Ь



ԶҲҲؼ·Ů



ַӶٵݣߴһԨ



ī鳺Ϊ˱һȥ֪бѡ



һжıͳͳΪ¡



ī鳺ľȥԹǿ



һӰĵ۽ǵˮߵૡ







Ϊս



ұУұǼʵݡ



֮־֮־



ĺһԶ㣬ܵһ˿䡣



ǺڰϵȮŮⲡ֮ת

ӵġүĽ̡

ǰ



īԨֵܱѣֲ书ܴķ



ҡ֮ǰ֮ˣīһȺ֮



īԨۿҪȥΪ֮ʣīһˡ



ǵӰǰƴҪȳīԨ



˶˵īɵѾīԨḶ̌Ҫƴ;īԨø³



˲֪īԣⱲҸīԨĽ̡



īһһˣ޻ڡ







ͬھīԨˣ



ī㣬ػ㣡



    Ȯ


1

ҹɫе׺ŵ㷱ǣס˴룬ȥʲôôÿ˶ͣ͵ġ
ϺֶҵĹٵĵط֮һıҲҹͣæµ
һҶһ߿Ŵҹɫ۾ƣͣһ߶չ˶
ʱİ칫ҵÿСʱҪôһ£Ȼôǿȹ£׳Բ
ҶѾһܵİˣ˵ǣһܻ϶˯ڰ칫ң۾ȼһѻ˸ɾѾˣⵥĿ꣬ҶԹһꡣ
οŰ칫һӰͬ£ΪܵôҲҪʹվһսϡ
ҶΪҽ˷ҹԺͶ˽ŵĹһֱæµ̫ڰѴĿꡣ
ҪĶԷǩԺʽᣬڽǲõģԷǱĴ˾ҵڿڱһá
ҶտɲϣԼԱΪ̫ŶԲЦ˵ʱˣȻֻǵȻظҽͺúûؼϢ£ʲô˵n(*RQ*)n
洫ԱǵĻȤ½½ʰؼҡ
ҶĿʹȥԺϴʰһ£Ӱాҹʱ˲ϴҪάֺ
еһǸǿȹ棬Ժڷ湫˾ΪӰ׼úȫ
ҶսʮߣȥҲǶʮͷټΪĲйԣЦʱѣһִüĿ׽У˵ǼΪϲĳࡣ
ΪҶǾʹشˡ
ҶǸӤСڹ¶Ժģ޸ƼһѧҵԺϺطվȽŸ˸Сķӣ̸߰ǿǼӰӵƴͼĺݾ
Ϊ˽ĳɾͳ˻罻͹Ҫûʲô罻˴ѧ̸ϰҲû̸ˣʵ̫æˡ
Ҷտһʱ䣬ʱͷ˾ӦѾ˾ˣһһ沿飬׼㱨
Ҫ˳ö࣬ڶСλûѾһͷ̷źСװϻߵױҶպ̫˵Ц칫ҡ
Ҷյ˿ȥ⾫񣬼ȲʧҲ˾òרҵ
̫ǸʮˣΪƽʱĹ;˶ȥҲʮͷѣ˵˾ϲӲ١
ܿ˶ԺΪʶһҶյļ˵ĶԴ˵ĿܵõĿԲ깤Ҷգÿ˶дԴͣ򵥵Ҷա
ҶεĿ˾ЦôǶ˴ҵİõĿ룬ҿʲô
ԱߵͬڴĿҶʵǾȥ¿ɾӰɣ˵᲻
ɾһרߵĵطȻȲ˽˶ƵһҲˡ
Լһ·ӰాҹС飬ҶղģϾʵԱĻҲһ˾Ӧ顣
û⣬Ժȥɭ㣬ҲæĻ֮KTVưһ
ǰһȺ˵Ļ˾ĻǴ淨ֻҪҵվͼнӼڣԴҶԺЩûٹҵѾ˵һĥڣѾռһˣôȻٲˡ
ЩΪҵϸڹ˾ȻǵĿǷΧڣϾǲȥԱûеġ
ҶЦŶ˵Ҫôһ𣿡
ܴȤҪȥǻòĵģܲվۻһȥɡ
ܲվۻϯԱϾǹ˾Ĺɶ͸߲㣬Ҷв㼫١
ôԵ֦ҶȻŹҶЦŴлһҵԺܳȥ
ոܻصͿſ߽һʮŮˣȻŲףһᾫӢģΪλȥЩ֣ڼܻģһӾ³ˡ
Ҷյüëһ£Ȼ֪߲ƣνֲЦˣҶ׼ЦźͶԷк֪û˵ǸŮſھͶŭ
ҶСңܶӦǩԼˣתͷ;ͱغˣ˻̧ۣȻתͷҵµ˻ﲻһ󱲿ô⣬֪˶˵Ĵ
Ů˽Ҷնֹ˾ܣʽҲΪҹ˾Ŀغ϶αҶ⣬ҵʮ걻Ա䱻ԱҵͬнĹϾͬȼλĹʿҺöѧ
οԴ걻Ҷ˴룬ֵԴȻ߳ŭ˲̬ˡ
ҶϵЦѾʧˣΪΣյʵ˵мֽţԻ˷ŻʱӼۣ
ᷴҲҲǻȥˣûʲô˼ɵĳôһ¶û̵¼ӣ֪ڹ¶ԺѧʲôֶΣЩĵ顣
ĻⶨŭҶգЦŻص˽·Ҷ˼ˣԼʲôűҲȷʵ֮飬ʱ֪˶ٴŻҵڡҲûҪˡ
Ҷӵ۹´ᣬرЩֵѾβƵӹͣ˵Ȼ˵һһ㣬ֹҪһ˼ȷʵ
Ҳܹ˽㣬ϾǸöÿ˶ãֻõĶЩöǻģʱűϹ˦ڹֱˣǿ
˵껰Ҷչϧҡҡͷ
ҶյĻ׼ŭᣬ˵
ҡҴ㣡
˵Ժ󲻹ܲ˵ĳϿΪ߾̫Χͬ±æҲˡ
ҶյĻ׵ļŭᣬ᲻ܲ˵Ҷ˹ȥ˫Ҷյץȡָ׳ڻֳּ⣬һҪץʵˣҽ෢ҶҲǻ°̵ġ
Χ˷ӦҪȰܵʱѾˣ˶ͷˣ˭û뵽˵㶯Χͬ¶ۿҶվҪԿˡ
ֻǺ沢룬ҶվʧѪܵԱߵİ칫Լײ
ּֿᷴӦʱѾײŰϣΪʹġת۾ͱ˴ҽС
Ҷճûᣬԣǹ¶ԴС֪αԼܵʱʲôطȽʹֲ̫ء
ۿűѾˣҶȻˣȽٴȥվסˡ
ͷڵʯ֮䣬ΧǷӦѾˡ
Χ˼ΪĿˣû뵽ɵϵĻЩֵᣬǸȥЩҶա
Ŀ˵Ǹƾ£ԼûĿܵԼҹ˾Ǵ˵ģټƽ¾ЩаԵҲ̫ãΧȻϲ
Ա߻˳˹֪·αأ
ڵԹĿҶյҲô˵ģ
ҶպЦ㵽ס                        
лҪ˵ӵġΪսȤղأлл֧֣
һĵط
ҹĹӤ
ĪּƵ꣬
ҽԺֵĺɫ߸Ь
ԶҲҲؼ·Ů
ַӶٵݣߴһԨ
ī鳺Ϊ˱һȥ֪бѡ
һжıͳͳΪ¡
ī鳺ľȥԹǿ
һӰĵ۽ǵˮߵૡ

Ϊս
ұУұǼʵݡ
֮־֮־
ĺһԶ㣬ܵһ˿䡣
ħ̹ҷŷŮǿŮǿ


2

ɳԱѾʮˣ̾Ҳ˲٣һһɳԼһŨ衣ûþһŮ˵ĸü
ҸҪˣû꣡
һʮ΢ŮˣЩװͷҵ߽칫ңǸոŮˡ
ӣм令һྫµŮ۽俴ȥΪ׺䲻ҲʮͷΧ˵ĳԵЩ
ôľԱȻֻƾЩͶ϶һǷǶԴ
οŮǰôˡ
˰칫ҿ̫·ҵһ۾һҶտߵͬ־òֶҵĿ۵ʱ򻹶ˣȫ¶ʹҪˣ
ҶգʾǷʲôҪ˵ġ
ҶճĿЦҿ㳳ɳΪʲôҪ˵ȥȫǷϻΪ˭һ¸ְһôа
ŭһվʲô˼ҽ¶Щ岻ĹϵͶִ˻ˣ
ᵱҶ鷳ǻҲùҲù˼ȥҶհ칫ҴһټиûݵĻ˵ȥûҶ϶һЩˮҪҶܲ˾͸ˡ
˳ܵΧ˶Щ룬ټϳܵʱ伫̣Χ˷Ӧʱ򿴵Ѿ˶ˣôõĻȻȻҪߵڰס
ҶոᣬǶ˵ͬ־ǵʱļ¼ǵʱڵǸطͷģǸǶС˵ʲôҲյģһᴽ˷һ£¡Ҳˡ
ᾪһ£۲˵طŶֵģ뵽ǸطȻͷ
ԴҶܵλӾһֱںԣʱǿ⣬ԼѾ˾ˣŵĲ´ЬģúʰҶա
֪ҶչͷôӲβݣֱ˶ûֵ
Ҫôʵǲģæ˵ҲҪˣǲǷа顣
˵ĶԻڼ֫ԵĹ۲죬Ҳ֪˸ʮ
ʮӣûҪ˷ѶľȰҶдοȶֱ˴ģ˽ˣ
֪˵ץסʲôѱһŵ˵Ҿ˵ôôš
һŭͬ־ע˵̬ȣǲ춼Ҫ
Ҷհĵ飬顣
᲻ĴһҶղǸСѾͷƬӱûзϡ
ܽһ죬һ˵⣬һ˵⣬ЩĿ飬ѾȥˣҶȴЦӯӯ顣
΢࣬ƬûУٽ
εĿᣬǺαأ
ʲô鶼ûС
˵ȻѾȷѾûʲôǾ˽˰ɡ
ΪҶȥĳ˿ŵĶҶ˵Ժӷһ㣬ˡ
ҶղɵʧЦһûأ
ʲô˼
Ҷ˵óһ̵ݸ˵٣ռô͵˰©˰ˣչ֤ݡ
᲻žŭɲҪԩˣα֤ܴģЩı鿴ȥЩǿиɡ
ķԣ̽ˡ롯ᵽһ칫ԺĿһϣЩӵĿǰůЦݵҶ˵ҳԵĿһ·ǳԲһһϦܹռģֻΪʲôҪһ
ҶЦΪӰˣܵ͹ҵĽ¶
޷ɣ׺͵ᶨĹ֪ʲʲôˣǻʲôԭЩϣȻ˾ٱҪȥʵһԱְ𣬸οǣĿ޴
վҶֵлṩЩ֤ݣҪʱʵʿܻҪϵ顣
ҶյͷӦõģ
ȻҶվٱӵԱͽ޴󣬵ҶյݽɳϼΪ㣬ԲһʱӰĲҲ̡ЩҶյ飬ֻǰˡ
οкҪҪ
԰ϺһĹ԰ΪϺƤ۸񼫸ߣĹ԰ʩƣﰲһǸ
Ҷմһ׼úȺ˸ɫЩĵױ˫һӻ˿ȥΪ֣ء
ҶվߵһĹķӻΪϸĲĹĹϿŰ֮Ĺ֣ƬһЦļΪŮӣĹϵĽʱ򲻹Ŷʮꡣ
껪ϧˡ
Ҷתȥɳû뵽ôɻ١
ҲǺɣġ
Ҷնٵĵûб̫ྪȣҿֱӸҵ绰֪ʲô𣿡
ǰ¶һＯţǸŮΪʶ֣ＯžͰͷ֡СǸСͱѵС͵͵·˵ĶֱСǸһ͵һٵĶץס˳ϲƻＯš
ŮȻˣһֱΪǸŮԺԼһ¶Ժ޼ҿɹĺӣֻǺ¶ԺƤ̿УڿΪһЩ⣬ھΪѾûˣ԰ǸŮ˹¶Ժ档
Ŀǣͷ˾ᣬύ֤ݵǣ˶͵йصˡ
ҶճĬ˺ܾöû˵Ϊʲô˵ʱֻҶ˵ʵԽСĺԽͬ飬Сǹ¶޹ʵģǴŮСŮ⡣
Ƥ鶼Ѿ̸׵ģŮҲͬȥһԺ飬Ҫ½ù¶ԺСѣ֪Ϊûкǰˡ
΢紵ΧƮɢӻζǸŮδ뿪
ҹúܺãõġ
ҶհݼԺͻȻЩǶԼиһתֿһЩԽӡ
˵ҶմʳУһۼõĽӵ꿪ȥһ̽ӣĸ˵Ҷһ߳һ߼ƻʮʵ̫ǸúúϢԼŸ١
ӣУ̸ʲôġ
Ҷ֮ǰΪӼͻĹȻǳԵòġ
Ϻܶ˵Ҫģɡ
ûȤľ͸ȤˣҶʳǰһֱΪƣһȻЩŷˡ
ûþȫˣǵ÷ԱҶʱʱĿôһզôܳأ
ҶղǺѹ⣬ֻһתۿһͷСкһ˫һԲԲںڵĴ۾鶯ɰϻŸΪ˼Լߵġ
СкҲҶЦҶղԾĵСкͷģָĺá
СкͷԺ󿩿Цܿӻмֺߣɷǿɰ
ҶһðһͷԺҲиôɰĺӡ
֮Ҷֽ㣬Ժ׼뿪
ȻҪԳԺȺȲŹá
ԱҶ׼ɱ̳ʱֿǸɰСкרĵԼСߣ׼ٺСһкʱ򣬾ͿСһϵһСĴл䵽·м䣬СкԼİߵˣֱܳȥ׷
ʱתһ˹Ҷճһ˲վܹȥƿСк
СкǱƿˣȴûйҶա
ҶոоӾһӣȵıãնԭҶ˱ײ˳ȥ
Ҷ˼Ȼ̾һ£
Ӿҵʹ飬ҶֲĸطʹΪȫûһطʹģЩĸо
ҶղͣĸԼһ
վֻҪվûˡ
кö鶼ûŸոտʼΪԼ
֪ʱٳһƷˡ
˵־ʱô棬һ˫߸ЬҶվЩŤΡΡսսվ
壬塭
ֻҶճڹѵıʶܹ˾˫˼Խҵײڼ׿İļóֻ׼ӵ绰ʱѾֹͣˡ
ҶտֻĻʶʲô־ҲѹƲס͸֧壬һѪٴλٵϡ
ԭΧۼôˣǴͷβû
ȥҶԱߵֻӳһѪŮˣȾ˵棬ԭһ˵ĿôѪ
ûֻϴһţװҶŮʿллޥĹ¶ԺľΪǮµĹ¶Ժ¥㹻鱾ѧѣСǶܸл㣡ϣʱԼ㣡n(*RQ*)n
ֻǶŵԶѶˡ
лҪ˵û㻹һ£Ҫٿ

3

Ļʹƣ˶ȻԼĹЩһЩЩæµһЩ湤һЩĹҲû˸ҵģϾסĲūžӣǵݸһһ
̫Ҫɽˣʱ˵æµȻǺΪæϾҪ˶þʱ䣬Ĺǻỹڵš
ղſ˺ܶǣʵƫżһԾͺá
Ʒһֱڹ۲죬ôĶȻ£ǿϧõʱʵַ̫
Ĳϲһ͹ʵ۳ԵĶȻַ˲һ

æµĺ֮иӰԵЩ룬ֻΧ˲Ҷմʳ֮䣬ʳţǸû¿ʱʱĵһ£Եõӡ
ֻʱƣæԺ˼ԣҶҲԱ߼ΪţʱʱĲ죬ֻǳǻĵ̫ģû˻ӦҶա
һֱҹԱͻˣֻ¼С˹ʦԷĹҪԵʲôȻ˯ǴҶ̨Ա񣬱ϾҪһ۾գһҲʵ
ҶεЦЦϲڵĻҳźļ˵ҿˣұ㲻Ϣˡ
Ҷһû˻Ӧ
ԺҲ˻Ӧˡ
ܴҶٴλָʶԺѾʹˣֻû˿õõ뵽ļ䣬ѪԼͲӦǱ˴˵еĹˡ
Ҷջһ󾪻ţǰĵӾӰ٣ĵط֮һôۼǸƮӪڻʹû޵ģ˵ס
ľŮ˺С֮ȱ˵ġ
ҶһӰˣΨӵ߻ͷϾԼڶǸƮһǸƮȻҪСĽɲ뱻Ǹ¶ǣһΣɡ
ʱҶշ޴Ĺûзһͬ࡯ҶҲĴңϧӰӶûп
ĵҶղûȥһֻʹûаƮʹеأϾΪ˻ҰȫðƮҲпܵġ
ҶճȥκεطҶնȥΨ޷ȥƺ⴦ռһ
ԵķҶնԹˣǳȥ
ҶձȽֹϣӲݵԣҰοģΪ˱ⳤڲ˽Ժ˵ˣҶÿ춼ѡ죬ȻԷӦԼǻŵʱ˵Ҳÿζ˻Ӧоá
ǺǰִйأԾȥĵطŷ
ĵʱҶջһʳǻͿԳȥǸʱ˺ܶԳΪһưһİƮ
Ҷɽաn(*RQ*)n
ͼΪ磬ҲҶֹ۵ԸҪǻ˻Ӧĵطͷˡ
Ϊһ˯ߵİƮҶƮ֪ܶ಻Ϊ֪ܣҪǳӳһϵҲûġ
Ů۵Ҳ˯˵ʵûкãеӲ
ҲֻŮ۲齵ʱ˯ˣֻںԶĵطҶղĽӴҶյŮȫɢŽҫˣ̫յա
ĺɫҲҶܿġ
ЩǴ˵еֻӲŻС
֮ҶҲ̫̫ܿŮȻ̫ŮϵĽûŮǿǿҲʹҶռΪŮˣȻҲһЩ⣬Ǻ˱ө֮⣬༫
ˣŮۡ
ǸϴδֹŮңŮ
ӵǲ̣˵ʮ֮һҲڳΪ٣ũҵӺŮ£Իò㱰΢
Ҷһþ⹬洦ɼĺÿС硣
ʼҳƷƷܱԺѡеȷʵΪۡ
ҶһΧġɫһĿĵڻʳ֮УԾԽԽƫ
ΧӰһµĸоûУҲ㵱Ʈһָɡ
ʱŮǰӰ߹
̫Ů
Ҷãҹʱ򿴵ǰһС̫벻ѡ
ҹܣʲôܡ
ֻεġС̫ȺģȥȶӣҶԼԼһֲõԤУټ֮дʵȤ֮Ѫڣԥĸȥ
ֻǸȥûþͿ̫ŮͻȻһͣҶյĽǶȿȥ̫Ů˶ֱ岻סĲ
Ҷ˳̫ŮȥȻһ˱һӼΪ
̫Ů̾
Բۣ׽ֳ
̫ŮŮ۳谮˵̫Ůѧʶ书Ȼ츳ڶŮҲ㲻ټŮ۷ӦüΪù
ʹҶմ̫ŮϿҫ۽ĳֽǶҲ֤̫Ůλ
κ̫ŮȻֻ򹷡
׻˵ĺã򹷣һС
̫Ů쳣谮һСԱĶ̫ŮѾʮˣȻع涨ʮŻ飬ǻʼͬ˵Ҳм̫̾ŮӲһ̾ûҪ
֮˵ӦҶ˶ò̾ø
κЩÿ˶ȥϧģ˳ֳ
һֱΪʱüɹҶվ
̫ŮһֱȽһ飬зϷİ
һĻ̫Ů̵õһӳŭʵʲô
˷ʧķֿ˵ʱɫ԰׹ڵϷһ仰˵
Ҳһľʧ룬ǿ̫ŮǹһǰϾı˲١
ƫԶг޿֣ȻŲ˵㿴ӡ
̫ŮĲŻΪʹధˣ૵Ҷ㲻𣿡
˵ʲôǺã˽԰ҽӽûʹҵԸ
̫Ů·˵Ұ޷ɫ԰׵̲סȷʵû㱾ˣǵʱȷʹ㸸Ƿͬ⣬˶ܸ¡䱾Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣкβף
ǵ̫Ů˭ҾܾҪ󣿡
˵ĻƺЩϸĥȴá
縸ĸ֮ý֮ԼȢǳ̬ȻԼ˵ôίƣôô̫Ů
Ȼ̫ŮͻϵҲˣԼҲǺܹ˼Ȼ˼ɼôΪʲô̫Ůܾأ
ǸʱճǼΪص飬˵̫ŮУͨռҲҪġ
ֻ̫ŮǿѹԼʱŰѹʹѪ۾һ˿ɺ졣
Ƭ̺̫Ůʶһ̫ŮӲɵÿЦһ£ᣬֻǸո̫ʹЩɳơ
ҳһڣ֪Ҵδѹ㣬ǡûע⵽ʱǸ
ֻҪԺٱңԺúùӣҾ͵ûз
ΪĿ̫Ůû뵽鶼̫Ůò̶ֳȡ
ǳȻǧӦ֪Щƽ̫ܳ裬Ȼָָ̫ŮʵҲŹ𣿡
仰ѹ̫Ůǵһң֮ǰ̫ŮǿѹȥķŭһӾͰΪǵұϡ
̫ŮЩЦ۾еˮҲ̲ס˳
ʱ㻹δ飬дδйң
ܣԲܣƻǵģֻҪûǾͻӹںãʲôûзһ
̫Ůγذ̹ȥۿžҪߣҷƴ̫Ů
ҿ
ҶԱ߶þˣΪˡȻȥԼţ⵽ʲôɲ⻹Ǵ˵еķ⽨
ԾĲֹҶգ̫ŮҲ¶˼飬תǶԵɱ
κһֱƴ赲ֺã˲ͣذס
ҶþЩԶҶյĽǶֻ֮һͣذײ̫ӵ壬Ѫɫ˲Ⱦ̫Ů·
쳣Ӻ̫ŮЩȻЦݡ
̫ŮϵĽɢȥ
ҶտһĻĻԼѪеӣϧˣ㵹ߵɣĸʣĹҸô죿
֪ո˵̫ŮΧĽһһӰסҶհ̫Ů

4

ҶշԼһƬռ䣬ΧĶƬ䣬ƺ˵̫ŮһЦŭʮȤֻɫԽԽٶҪ˶þͻȫɻɫ
ϲ𣿡
Ҷһתɫ԰׵̫Ůɻʵô£
̫ŮЩį˵Ҳڽ֮ʲ֪ĴڵģһҪǵĹϵн͵Ļǰ˵
˵öԣҵĸʣҵĹҲ֪Ҫô죬̫ˣѾûȥˣʽװɣҵ㣬Һú縺Ӧü縺Ρ
ĪҶȻȫ̫Ůʱ˿̵飬ǲеĿϲм˻ȥ
̫ŮҶյıЦˣȻЦݼǳǼµһ֦ͷһʱҶյЩˡ
ǰô
ЦҶʶٴԣʶǶߴ˵ԲҪ£
ҶٴλָʶʱܵӸԼϵȣǱ۾ԾЩ۵⡣
նûѣȷûд𣿡˵Ůдϣֻ֮´Źġ
һŮӱϹϾĻشģֻʧѪ˶ѣҪ˶þͻѡ
Ҷԭٶ˽һЩѶϢ֪Ůۺ̫ŮкܶӰЩӰǿҶղҶǷֱܷһǷѡ
ֻҶĶһ֣۾
۵һλŽɫƵĳۣ绪Ůӣ۾ĵǣΧЩ㲣ǷعŮ
Ҷռ̳ȫ͸飬λġ
ҶմʱŮҲǳġ
Ƿعķһ֮Ů۳谮ϧԵǳʱѲȥܴŮһһ겻λյġ
˵СĿŻŮҪôڸϥ»רŵĹΨŮԴСģһͱΪ̫Ůɼʢ衣
Ů۽ӹԱҩȻȻĴιҶպȣһιһ߶ţ㰡ֱӽȥͺãҲ۾ԼȥȷҲӦôӰοй¶㡣
ҶεĿЦһʱĸʵˡ
ǸŮĸ֪һôϵһˣԭŷ㻹СϲžͳҲûʲô
ûд󰭣ΪλӦò꣬䲻Ժ̩ɽǰ治ɫ
Ů״Ϊ֮
ҶصĸŮлĸʽ̵ԺҲ᷸ˡ
˵ģͷκҩ׼۽
۹ݴĺӣĽͷÿÿû۽ǳԲȥҩģĳͷ˵ȴһٻҪءҶղǸ¶СʱǳԱͺãĳͷʵڲʲô
ǵҶպһҩԺȫƷ֮ǰ뷨оͷ˺ڰÿһ񾭶ſ࣬ҶһָоڷʶĻӦ̾ͻȥǼҩеĸо
̳̫Ůļ䡢ĸ顢壬ͬĴС
ĳֽǶ˵ҶպѾһˡ̫Ů֣ԺҶҾֱӽˡ
ŮۿǰСΪոպһҩ˵ٶŤˣ׺ݵĶʣµҩ׵ġ
˶·˼ľ׼ҩһսһʣµҩ꣬Ժɫһ۲ͣãͺСʱһɷǿɰ
ŮͷЦúϢɡ
֪һתͿץʲôҪ˵
ŮҲĿ
ԭʱŮ۵ǰģŮǰͰŮΪȻŭ
ӦõʲôûзҹΪŮ֮ĸŮ顣
֪ڲȻһѿݹǣҲ⡣
ӲͷƤ̽ʵĸ׼δ
Ů۵ϲŭʵѶôã
ôãҵȻɱ˿ڻʹͻڿ࣬
κǰ̫ŮΨһִǱ
ֻɫαãҳٵǷϣǿЦЩŮ˵ŮôΨһˣϧվһơ
仨ˮˮ仨ʱˣֻվǺ뷨빬εҲҪһЩΣͰı԰ɡ
Ϊ̹ϵĿŮۣʱ·ͣ
ŮΪλߵѹǻһͨ˻ڻˣ֪ʱܻرܣ㡣
ֻǹƬ̣о·˰ꡣ
Ը
õҪĴԺŷӦԼĺڲ֪Ѿʪ͸ˡ
æʩлĸȫ
Ů۷·ûвոսŵЦȻѾ÷ĸҼƥҹӺദ
Ǻǣʱ˵ͬ
ҶȻЦĸѡ˶ȻǼõģĸˡ
ŮĵͷˣĸͲϢˡ
ŮԺĺһȻֽϵվǳʵʵһѲ⡣
ǰۿӳһŮϻصӤʡ
Ц۾һЦָӾͺŮ΢ĵоŷƣֻŮ۵۾Ϊ۾ҪԲһЩ׺͡
ıȥԵЩӢ񻨰һĴͣٲ̫Цӣͻһ˵ķ飬дӢ
ƤǸط˵㼫Ϊϲ㣬Դ˼Ϊ⡣
ϹŰɴǵ˵ĵطĸ˵λãʵ̫ʹ
һ̫ҽҽ˵ã
һǰû֮˿ڱСŮ۵˽ҲΪŮ۲ŻӦ˺
ǳ飬еĽˡ
ŮԵĲʽ˵һߵӣڵ˵ʮŮ߶ЩˣǷعȴȫȻᡣ
ŮӺ£Ҳû̫⡣
ȽҵȻŮ磬ӲͿ֬Ĩۣǧ·ߡ
ȻҲգȻȵϵ˻Ǻôö࣬͵ֻ̫ǸΪԪˡ
ΧĹü˳ʹӣȨ
ʱа׳ԵͣõԽҪԽࡣ
ĺġ
ֻǸƽӹɢүǻ˵Ϊ̫Ů˲ãУв̤
ܵǸλãϼ縺ľΣǲܵǸλԼ촦ظ֮˶벻ա
Ầ
ʵһģҲһˡ
ϾѾһεˡ
һ죬Ҳûʲôġ
΢΢ԺẦ¼įˡ                        
лҪ˵ִˣŮΨһĽָЩֲǼٵˡ
ˣд˰ŷС˵ûǩ
ٺ٣֪ܶСɰǳźģû¾ɫˣġ


5

˯ȻԺźϴһȻȻſΪԼ·
һ壬û߾ĶһЩ嵭̲ʳרԶƷûԺ
߰ΪţڹźĳƷĹŮӣµĻһɫӡ
źĸרѵüΪɫ˼⡣
㿡ŵԼһһҵĹţԼƽʱϲӪ䲼ˣ¼·һ΢΢һüͷԹɫľԲٰõڶΣ˵ϸ¡
һʼȤԲʲôü㵽޲˿ѡ˼תɫŵְæɷǿ
󿴵ЦղԼԼ֪ԼϷŪˡ
ӴЩ使ĿһۣЦмҰȤ
ǸΪĽīϰֲ¶Ц⣬᲻ͣͣĲ֪ˡ
ϸǺͣЪĸ޳̣뺰ֻբзֶ޵ģκδ֮һ˻ʳ֮УΪź
ķʵ̫˶ˣϲn(*RQ*)n
˵źǶȻܾģǱ˵ĹҪǾܾ˱˲ûй
Ҫ֮ûһݲ
ǾĺǺˡ
ԼĿ¼ûãŮۻû˵ʲôŮһʵġ
٣ۼˡ
ûǸϣԼĺӹڡ顯ģο̫Ů
ԼΪٻᴫŮ۶ߣܴһЩŮ۵ǡ
ΪʲôɴΧߣ˺
Ȳ˵ڵ򲻹ǳие̫²֣˵ԼǲվҪ׵ˣôŶӦøз㹻ء
зҪ
Ȼڶ֪з˭Ϸ͹ˣ͵ˡ
ߵϸźʼոµһ졣
ʵһʼÿʳﶼ̫࣬һǾԳԲģϾ滹סʱʳ쳣ִŵС¶
Ǻ˽⵽ԲʳȻȥãǶһݲСĶ裬Ʋ˷ѡ
ĵСȻͲپ˷ѣʳˡ
ﶼãΨһвľǸ۽Ҳûгֹÿÿҩ־пɬζڡ
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ǲߣóܺܺҳֽ֮УΪɡ
˺ֽԺֲܺʧøɸɾ֪ʲôԭΪȤ
ֶдģǲϤĵ˸ĶĶˣҲ޷֤ݡ
Щ̫ŮΪ̫ŮϢһַʽ
˵ŮһʼͶϢֻ˵˷纮Ҫһӡ
¿ܲ͸´ϢȷʵֶΡ
һǴ£ӦЩ²⡣
Щڸòĵ顣
ϴ濴ʱ䣬ʵʱ˽硣
˿ϵ˿ڣ͢ҩȷʵѾްˡϢ¾͹Ҳ̫ܣѹ˼ϵ顣
ֵ֮һķع͹ٹ
ƬֵСʱ䱻ɹϷָоǱع͹
ѷع͹ΪٹΪСļз֮档
Ϊһǵľơ
Ϊֻ޻ģΪķع͹ҲΪǵĻԱһֻȻǻ򻢵ĻҪֹƥǴе
ϵȻżĦһֱֲ¡
һͨʮطǧһԱԻꡣ
عʢʳŮȵ׷̫ŮκȵţֳҪɱλɱ˳ǻ
һѪƣʮ꣬νﶦʢ
عҲΪ֮ΪǿʢĹҡ
͹ߵƽ֮ûʲôʢʲôһ㡣
͹֮ʱʢѾ꣬žʮĸ䣬͹ʷλŮۡ
Ѿĺ꣬ûһ˿һλߣԲĻơ
ϥ´Ů̫Ůκεһӵ̫Ůʮʱȥ
λŮ׼̫Ů֮ŮʳΪµһμ̳ˡ
Ůʮ꣬ΪвŸɡ
ҲʹŮԱȡ
ٹԱϳıʦ϶Դٹ
ٹĹһŮͯȨĸҲٹ
֮ĹӣȻٹ
׵۲һӲ󣬶ʱֵȨ
ã׵۳ɳ
ǶãѵͲȥάˡ
ֻҪһûпϱȻҡ
߻лԲᣬû¶³
һңܶ鶼Ҫ㡭
֮͸ԭźܶ壬Ϊ˼һССĲ䡣
ĲΪ䳤֮ʱ
Ȼ뺷ÿնԳΪսʿǺ˿ϡ٣ʲᡣ
ĿǰΪֹûгּΪĲ䳤ȻЩвʱΪ塣
ںⲻǿƼǱ궼ʹϹ
ֻҪעһתǷʲôĳͿˣʱӦҲûʲô⡣
ô⻹֮
ʱ洫̵ĻǲԾĹʱñԼԤлҪ졣
ûֻһͬ껭Ůͯĵܵǰ
ȻȻĿԲԲĴ۾峺ͶеСʵ:㣬Կˣ֪õ纮㣬ûң
۵Сֲͷ
ͷģ˳˳ģָвn(*RQ*)n
ǷعŮСѡ
˵ŮһִģôԾһġ
ԵĸǷع׸ӣŮ۵ŮΪ˸л׸ĹͲΪ̡
СĸҲ࣬κʿụ̃˵ĵλ͵Ŵ࣬ҲΪ£׸Ҳ⡣
ʹط˵ΪĵطҲΪټŮ۳æµϾ֮зһֱȱ֮˹Ͻַ͸ˡ
丸˼ȲرóǸӣССС;ͱ䣬ӹüΪ䡣
ʱʼҵ翴ۡ
ôó裬ôҲӣҲǷҵĶŮ
Ǽūſ˦ģ
ӲǰΧһô飬˵߲ȵ͵ķ˺ܳһʱ䡣
Ҳ˵ŮӴҲһСβͣŰ㡣
ΪϲԴʱ䶼ס˵ͬͬ˯ϵΪܡ
ڵǰļ͸ȫ̳˵ģȻϲС
οСѿ׸Ů
ִ˼˵˶ǽġ
õСͷһ֣ҽѲԷǮûǮûǮ
ͻȻ˸ЩɵĿΧů¯Ӧðů͡
а㿴ôоðŽǣ
С˦˦ͷֵͷѹȥһܾûˡ
ЩֹӴȤ:ǰԳˣʼˡ
Щ˼Ц:ҪˣÿӶҪݣĸ˵󲡳԰ɲ԰Ұࣿ
΢һüһˣŮҪŮ˫ȫÿͻԸŮսп¾ҪˣԼ˵ĸԼ˿ڷԲŻԼĿˡ
СҪݵĽĿʱž֪СΪʲôҪԼˡ
鲻ɵݸ
СһԽ٣ҲЦŵͷӦˡ                        
лҪ˵֪С˵Ҫһ΢򲻻ı䡣
кӾ飬Էʽʱһ
Ҫһ£Ͼ֮ǰϸٶдˡ

6


һůѵá
춼֪ǸرӣԸ˸ͷ
ҵĴ˲ͬȹҲΧ̺죬ⱦҲϲ졣
ԭŮ۵ٶȱлҪ죬ոˡ˺ûͱףһæѡ·
뻹е
ǵģ
ϱԭͼú̸ʲôġ
ϧ⣬˷ع
ϺܶŮ̫ϲףȴϲģʽֻҪԼҪ˵ˣĵǾͻҵʺϵĶ
ںʲʣⱲӼ˳ǧ֪Ѳһ׵ĸٱ߰ɣԾʧҲûʲô
;Ķ󻹲õĸĸǹͨʡʡ
ŲΪǰΪ¶ֹػЩԼΡ
еûܹĵСϣõעо
Ҫӹڣ˵Ǹׯӣ񣬽жȡ
òͿ񣬿ǿͲû
عĻߵʶȫ˳Ρ
ǻҪӲ˵Ҳŵġ
ЦŸƼ̫ŮոΣׯ
ǻˣǲ̫ˣ֪ĻΪҪȥ档
̵Ů٣˿˵һ𳤴
¼Ϊչ˲ܣŮ۴ʮȥ˰˴²á
ԴΪھΡ
ҡͷһɫ˿߽Ц̫Ů֬·ϲֳķɫ
ÿǺÿֻ׵Ļɫǲ̫ҫЩ
ЩɵӣһˮɫĽۣ幤£ȥȻ
ȥ׺ͣټ׵ıá
ȥȷʵ
ֻɫģ
Ǻ
ΪʲôⱲɫĶˡ
ʱһ׵ȹӣڶ໪·ۣϸȴһζ
·ŵ˿壬㻹Űơ
ȥ·ְѷĿۺϵĹԣ˶
еԼϺëΧΣеഺԵƯл
ֱԱһʺƨ̹̹
̫Ů㶼Ѿ׼ˡ
ǰӸЦˡ
Ϊò׼ڵĿζС
һ֣һ̶֡
ҪڵкӺŮӼҪźȥԷͽĿġ
ڻʹҪЩ
üȻǵһμҪЩ⣬һЩ㡣
еʱŮŮҪӦеķȣǰʱˡ
һߵԼطͿģһͦȴվӰһʼϸ۲죬Ѻ˵Ĵڡ
ǰɣ
ǰʱԷȵˡ
ӸĸоΪǺӰΪһڸмͣһע⵽ȴӶѡ
һ˫ƯǳɫһƷ
Ƕ֮ȴһ޾ڣ׵ĸо
ͦıЩշ壬ʹ˿ȥЩ䡣
԰׵üûѪɫļټ΢΢Щıصĳ
Ǵ˵еĶׯׯӣ
ǴҶ⼸ʲô⣿
һϵ
һ²ۣͷ񲻿ţҲòš
ݼ̫Ůö˿ײȻĺ
ӶɾһĽ£ǫ˳ֻһЩֵĸоһʱ˵
æ˽ЦǸѾǰˣû뵽㵹ıҺҪ硣
ӳһ˲æĻش̫ܵŮūĸ
ŶԷ·϶ʪˣѾ˲̵ʱ䣬ɰǺò˶
ŵһӷӵЦһŶϼһֱôôûҪû뵽Ȼˣźúůů֣ҪǶžͲˡ
Ӷݹӣһ˿ңܺõסЩ֪ôµ
δ˽̹Ҫô
Ҳδ˸ôůĶ
ʱǺߣɷ˵İԷУ¶ԷԱ֫ĽӴ
ǲ룬ƾĹǿ׶㿪ġ
ϾǲϹصġ
ǹʹ岢ûжȷӦʱѾڻˡ
ů
ůóڱֶ˴ʹС
ӵůסһȴ
л̫Ůʹͣ
֪ǲĴӵ۾ȸղҪ鶯öࡣ
δ飬Էֻǿ˵㣬ʵǸׯˣ
ŶԷƺҪдæֹ
ɵϣֲʲô˲Ķôˡ
ֲǣӣûҪ׶Լϰߡ
ˣôӦûгԶɣ
̫ŮūδԹ
ϣһôȳԶմȾ
һϲûԶóԼĵġ
ѵǴ˵еԵ֣
ûгԣ糢Ҵĵģ
ʲôûԵĻǳְɣֱȽ𣬳Ҳá
֪һͷӻһ£ִԭ԰׵ϸӵĲ԰ˣ۵׸ոȼĹ˲䰵˥ƺ˶ҪӰɡ
ǰɣֻԸѾȻӦô
ѵǰ㣬̫ѳԻ˳ʲô¨ӣ
ǰҲǲܡ
־͹Ѻйصļȫˡ
ŵĵһʱЩ˲ãӸ˻˵Ϊ˺ãǰԻ˶ڶУԼһȥͱ˳Եľˡ
ӲȻĿǰĸ㣬Ҫò
֪̫࣬ѾҪڵʱ
ΪЩҪ
ʲôҪˣ涼ֻ̫Ůִо֪ûԭ
ŸڿеȥҲǣջҲǵʱ
ӹ˫ֽӹл䡣
¶Ǿ
ζģ̵ġ
δԹζǽԼΪЧꡣ
ڹ仰ͱӺˣϾְѶҩָԼԣôôܡ
ֻǹһ׻ˡ
һֵ߳ƱϲģЩԼǲ˼ʧˡ
곢ζġ
ûⰡ
ųԹһѲʺƨѵŻεģ
ܰ
ǶԷôԳֱ
ȻͿӳһƺͨʲôĸһһĳȥ
ٶȾˣһգ۵ĹȫԹˡ
ƷģԷ㣬һ㹻˵ķ
֪ûӦͳˣӦϲİɣ
Ȼ˾Ϳʼ۶С۵Ķӡ
ʺƨأ
ˣ͸ÿ
ӣô׼·
أ
ôûж                        
лҪ˵һ£еҵȲ˾Ͽ

7


˴۶С۵ʱͻȻ

ݼϣݼ£ݼ̫Ů
תŮ۴Զһ
ׯӣ
񣡣
˲ͷӦ
Ǹǹڣ
ģϣӣ׶ֳץô죬ͦģߵȻظ
ĸʰã
ŮЩָѶͦİ
ЦҲû硣Ǹոպöһ˰ˡ
յĻţЩ˼ӱ顣
ģԼһú˳Զ
ڹŴŮ𰡡
ԶԷոյıԼ̫Ů޿κβŻɫһһ׵ġ
ƱԼǸ϶ˣ㲻ûǸͽ
ԣǵͽŮ

ӡҲòˡ
ҪǿԿڵ²۹׶һƷŮںԼĵطȥСů
ĻӶ¥ˡ
ǰڸ鷽Ϊ
ˡ
Ҳǰˡ
ȻĵС˸ִǱֵüΪ̹Ȼ·ոһٲ绢˺ԼһϵûУֻǰˡ
ϾӶѾɾˣӲٶˡ
ŮζЦλ๫ӹڡ
ͷʧǵЦŹӺá
ڳһ˫۾ڰ׷ǺɫͫȴԵðһִ󺣰Ͱݡͨһ֮һǽõĴӵܡ
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ʵиܵߵģǾչ֮Ůκγûþ͵ˮأȻ˾Ͳˡ
ʵǰļǲмɣѹ켺ġ
һСŮѾڵ˴󲿷ַֻ꣬ҪĽɳͺá
һ棬ǰŮڳ˵ĸΣټĸʴﶦʢֻҪ飬ĸʻᴦõġ
ʵڶҲͬģŮ۲ʮߣջҰˮٵʮĵ⡣
ʱЩʲôʵ̫ˣ簲ĵ躹ޡ
ҪǱQ̫죬һСİСQ̫ˡ
ҪãŮϢ㲻ĸʳţŮ̳Уһٻңڡ
ֵܡ
ѾԶޣţ˶ûм
λӶѾˡ
ڻΨһδ޵ľˣʮ꣬丸ϲҲ͸ˣǰȥˡ
Ů۱ӺСĴѾȢ֮иλߵķǺõġ
ǸʱѾʮ˸öҲˣԸٸôŮҲɻӸ
ֻǶûиӶһûеʱӵǵ
ҲͱýӴĶЩϵҲҪ׺һЩ
Сһڼ䡯ƾ˲С桮ˡҲһ˼Ρ
ʵרʦԼϿεģĵ
̫ٸֲ֮ǰؼ̽ףӵϿΣζҪġ
Կæк㣬С˵Ŀȥȡ
Ц˴кˡ
ûֲıˣѾʮֲͷѾ٣ǿȥ񼫺ãȣû˥֮С
񣺡ٸã
ֲЦҺã̫Ů纮д󰭣
ͷЦлٸһ֮ǰ´ȾаĴȻȬ
ֲĵͷʼʽϿΡ
ֲĲǵ壬˵ݵ䡣
ڹߵѧֱָԴֲ壬ν
ڻشע⡣
һӺ飬СһŹ͢ټѡ
عŮӵ޷ӿĸԺΪСżҪͷʹһ¡
һλŮŮȥǫãһλŮʵѵá
شⲢ̫ڣСС˵ʱˮ©Ϊѵá
ȻʼҳƷƷ
һÿΪʡ
һԾȸԾʵ㣬Ͼ̫Ĵ٣ʱһͬǰɣ
˵ԵĶͷЦ㰡һоۻֵøʲôġ
һС˵ӵͷ˵ҲŲǸ˶ӵģԿǺ˵ġ
ǣ
̫ǵŮŮТ壬Ůϵһֱܺ
ŮѲ
̫һϲԣ̫ٳҲѹ˿ˡ
Ҳǹһ£ҪˣȷʵҪú׼׼
лҪ˵˲ϵ
Ůۺ󹬷ΪһƷƷʹƷĴ÷գƷλƷʲôڳʱƷġ
ӵܵķǣ̾


11

̫٣ŵƽʣɫһĨĨɫżΪϲ졣
ڻż
ݲʲôܣеֶε˶Ѿ֪ˣֻϰЩյΪã𲻱Ҫ鷳
һüϣЩ鲻ҪӰ̫˼ҵٳȻ˾Ҫˡ
Եī˵°ɣ·ѡ͹Ľ˿ߺȹɫϲ졣
ŵ
žǰԼ֬üĿ绨ŮУرЦŵʱ
һޱʱ˫⣬ȥϣη
ȷʵƵ֮ˣ׺Ǻܸߡ
ûԱ߸˵ˣ߰ɡ
˿ʱ绹һʱʱȻЩ̫ŰҲʱæꡣ
ʱ򻹿Ժ̫һţҪĻкһ¿ˡ
뵽ˣԺֳһӵӰֽҲǻİɡ
Цŵͷá
һȿȥ
ȿблҪϲ졣
̫ƽիΪ˺ƣ˶ϲٿΧŵƽʣһϲľ
˸ոսٿܹ¾Цӯӯĳ˵̫Ůˣһ̫
Цźܹ´к˳˴øܹ¡
ЦҺͰ֪̫֣ԾЩմ֣ܹ·ˡ
ģġܹЦŴ˵
Զ̫ˬʵЦ

ܹ½͵Էоžֽ̫̣ʱ˵ЩЦ̫̫ʮֿ
ЦŻӦ͸ѧȡȷʵѵá
֮һ˺ٻȥרУϾŴõĹȥʵԼ뱧󲿷Ҳָͷľרз𷨡
ҲˣԷѧֻԶƤëڸֳܺ˵ĳ̶ȡ
Ͼʮ꣬ȥרй
ֻȥѧЩ΢ˣ
չ
ԴȤҲֽֽ̡
Цźһͬ
˸ս໤к̫˵
߾͸Ե˸ӣΧǻ¯ƺĺ䷿һϵûС
ֻСԼСһ̫̫ܵԿˣû밢ԣ
̵껭߳Ľģֱֲ̫ġ
ֱ̫Ц룬֪Ҫ׼ϲĳʳϲϲ
ԿﶼԼϲԵĶһ̫ϣ߸˵ȥѡԵġ
СɰģټϳԶ澢оԼЩˡ
ֹ̫Ϊ֣صĶ˵ӰȻҲҪһԺ²
̫֪ģϾ֮»Ϻ̫
ͷ˵úչԼģֱ㵱һкˡ
̫ļ
һҲ׼ˣѾ½½ˣԺҪȥд
ֻû뵽˲˻ûгھЩϤĳ
ûþܹ¼ææܹ˵ŮͶŮˡ
ֻŮ˵̫ţҺĽȥ
᣿СǳϢˣԼҪȥˣ̫Ҫ졣
廰˵ˣҲȥûж˵ʲô
Ƕ̫˵Һȥš
Ҳ˵Ҳȥ
Цͷ׼̫һˣ̫𣿡
Сһͷðɣ̫
ŮͶŮûڡ
ŮɫĳۣƤԺڣ忴ȥЩ׳ֳϰԺµĺۼ
ߵľǴ򣬿ȥ˹Ĵ󷽣ֻǳƺġ
ҪֹŮǶûгɹ
ԱߵĶŮЩߣĿ߳˴ͷɫ𪣬üĿ续ֻưȥǺܺദӡ
ԱߵĶȻûмǿɫҲǷֺõӣһЭˡ
ʵ˵󲻴˵СҲС
ʽȢĴɹ֮ףԵĵӣҲǻʳĲӡ
ɹٿ˵Ĺһвƽ֮£ĸʶҪֱ档
˵ɹٵĵλҲ΢ܵɹٵҪŮǲ͹ʵҹģԼҵ̫
ҲʽΪˣɹõúá
˵ĸҲ˵ģʽ³嶯иĴҹƥպһĻҲίʽ㡣
һ˵Ǵʽһϵ·ӣȾ͢ʵȨүҲǼõġ
κЩ뷨ǺõģȴԸΥ
ܲס㣬ټϳ֮һֱڼλ¡
һһŵ̾ɣЩǻʽ˼ӣʽҲԽϴˣ˵ĹϵȻҲͺȥ
Ǵʽɵ̾ĸµдԼŻȥ֡
̾ǴŮɵĲССģһ˵õȮ죬ΪϿŮ͸һȡ
֪ʳطǹˣһȥʮմ״ʵĹˣ׵ﲻá
Ż˶ŮСӣԼʹʽݵֵϷ
ǽһ壬ԼܵܳŸУֻΪСÿһֱȥں汣
СӴСǱ泤ģʳǾǼжĹϵһź¡
֪;͹־ȻϷˣŭСӾһ仰Ҵ򣡡
֪λŲȥܣһСĿѺӸŪûˡ
˾𩣬˵ʲôûãںӶûˣ
ŮƤЦⲻЦ㣬ǽļҵĵӣܴ裬˹ڷ治ԲȵģҪǳô㣿
ǺЦ䣬ǻôأ
ŭѵڽͿ̤𣿡
˫ԽԽأζʮ㡣
ʵǺ£Ͼ´Ҷдֺá
̫ٳ½½ˣٲ鷢չȥʼںεأ
Ϊ̫Ůǹܲɡ
׼ǰʱֻǰö÷ǺÿͿɺã
˵ŮʵʼҵŮÿøǧŮ˾µȴֻһ
ľ¾߳ŮӣĽëӣС졣
Ůŭܡ
ʱмЦõһֲףԼʽһͬϰʽʽͻ
м䣬һʱ仹÷
Ҳʱ˵̫˼ݵϰߣǵȻݱǾͲˡ
˵ż˰ưڰ˷ֿˡ
ʽ㣬һֱԱߣҲᷢʲô飬ͺһкˡ
̫ٳ˻ҳԱ⣬ǹԱҾ죬Ͼ⳼ǲڹġ
кʱͨ
Яá
лҪ˵ڷ飬Ƕע

12

̧ͷͿڲЦ
Ȼˡ
߹ȥòĴкŷ˺ãˣҲ֪Ů𺰱ʲô˼ֵֹģ͸ɴзˡ
½𰲡
λ̫ĽҰ೪ϷҸǰŵλӷۿ
ŷЦ¿ˣ֮ǰڸ鷳ˣһֱûллл¡
˹һֹۣҲڿڿǳ֮ҫ
ŷ˵ЦˣҸ鷳ˣϴû˵ıˡ
Щ˼˵Ӧġ
һ·˵Ц԰кλϲ뿪뿪ʱרŷԸкǡ
ûŮ۶ˣĲ࣬ԼҲ׼ϯˡ
ʱ̫ټæЦŹʵ̫ң
̫иɫ۵꣬ȥһӣЦУü䣬ЩֻСꡣ
̫ЦĳֳӣűҲ硣
ĳ
ôЩ죿
ѹɻ󣬼ΪǵЦĳЦá
ĳҲһӼнĻºá
̫Цŵʳǣʲôľ
ĳЩɵĵͷֻ᲻̫ŵ¡
ЦʳǣȻҪ̸ֺ֮꣬أ
̫ЦͶģԱ߰ɡ

ֳϺһкʵ̫ȷˡ
̫Ůߵʱ֪ŮŸŮһ
۾ʶĿŮֻۣŮ۱Ҳһ˲Ĳ죬ȻҲ֪¡
ֻŮ۷ӦԺ˵ͷ
ǿǵ̫ѵʲôҪŮһʱҲ˵ʲô
ˣʱͣʱԽԽע⣬˵Ҳ١
뵽˴ҲͣЦŶĳ
ʱһûһţҲ˳Ϊĳܹ͢ɫպǢ
ֻĳԼԼϤУʵ벻
ʱµľĳйؽֱǰˣҲڶⷽôУʵöӰ
û̫ϷϳϷˣϷ͵ࡣ
˵ʵǰûоģֻЩϲ
̫ϳϷŮаٰ飬ǻ
ϵķζһȤζ
֪;оȻ˱һһŵ˲ãվɡ

ʲôȻĳ磬Ǽ𣿡
û뵽ĳƽЦЦȻǱ·֣װûǲϸ񡣡
˵֮һüһ˲ʹӱ˷ġ
統һۺɫǰǸɫޱߵӰغϡ
Ǵˡ
ڨĹӺ࣬żȻȥȻûģȻҲûȥ˼רŴ̽
֪Ȼðĳô࣬Ƿʤ
ҧǺ£רűװ˴ȤͲ֪̫Ƿ֪£
евĳ̸Ц̫ϳ͵£ǵΧ̺컷ƣǳ취ܹעأ
΢еȻг⣬ôԸҺ԰һۣ
ĳ¶СЦݵ³ҪȻȴ֮
űݸһ䣬˶һĳһǰһС԰ĺ䰡
ʱС԰ˣĳָֻɵһμǸʲôĻȸӡ
ָ޵Ĺס´޵ૣͳС԰ǷҪͳ¡
¹ӯӯϣȥһ⣬ĳЩסˣһʱ侹Ȼоյĺ紵ϾȻҲôˡ
ֻϴһΨֱ֮΢΢ϹЦȻʢ˵Ǳǡ
˵֮ĳ߹ȥ·λмɣȫĳ·
ֱ֮ľ벻ͣǵĿָ״Ūĳķ˿
ӣĳһγֻҡ
ʱһåһåˡ
ĳ彩һµ£С԰վǺܰȫʱʱܻˡ
Цһ竵˵˵Цˣ˵ûͲˡ
ĳû뵽˴󵨣Ȼں֮˵ֻֻ֪Ҷġ
ĳƬЦЩӲ̫֮ǰ£иˡ
˵֮ɵĵתſȥ֪ʹ
ʵδһɣֻӡ
ĳô֪
εЦµģֻǿҲ֪Ĳˡ
ĳżŭ㣡
Ҳⷽ룬Ǳ֥˺γ𱾹ע⣬Ҫ˶辶ұ˵ķʽʵ̫رر²ҵķһ
ĳ峺۾֪ٱȥ⡣
ϴһ˿ȻΪ˵ʱĳĵֻǲôˡ
ͷʾ⣺Ͼһʼֻǻʶİ˰ˣȻѾ˵ƣȥû˼ˣ籣رǡ
ת´ס¿ɷң
ֻĳϴ飬ټЩʾӣȷʵһϧĸо
ˣ̲סЦҪˡ
վʮ꣬Щݵñ棬ǿóݼĳɷ֡
οóʵǴݺݺ࿴̫࣬Ҳͱ˶˼֣ټһֱо֮ȻҲͲѷֱˡ
ĳռ½ϲ㣬ԶԼģû뵽ˣһβӣա
²ųҲ޻˵
ЦҲǾܾ㡣ĳĻ۾鶯µµתæʲôô
ĳЦС꣺Ҫʲôô
ɫҶź֮£һЩ߹ٻĺԺ
£
Ҫžܾңֶ̫ӣֻҪͻ֪ܶ˲֪顣Ѿ̫ŮˣЩԽص飬һЩ˵ĶˡΪر֮¡
ԲһˣԺûͷ˾ˡ
ãԺĻµ²øԤ
ͷȻ֮һõġ
ʵҲԼĿǣôصС⣬ܾ˸㲻ת޸λŮƽգԼƤӵ¡
ʱо԰ƺˣҪ˵ʱĳѾ˵Ҫҵģڲƿɣ
ЩΣȻӦĳϷʱȻҪȫ׵ġ㣬ƿ
ĽǶȿĿĳĽëЩɫ۾ŵ鶯ȷʵһѵһĿιӣκʵ̫˷Ͼˡ
оǸ˵ϢȻ뿪µķֿ壬ԵĳЩ΢ĲӵĻ
ֱ˷ֿĳƤ˵ˣ£ոսС԰ǹŶ
ʲô
һֱųڣȻоǴδ˻ǹڡ
εĿһĳת׷˳ȥ
κȻ˲ǰŵĹϵȥʱѾûпڵӰ

뵽˫ڰ׷۾ǳӣһ˲
ˣ
Ŀڶ࣬ȥҷͽ¶ˡ
´һͰɡ
£
ͷھԼ࣬Цˡ
ʵ֪ջʰϴμ治ձٴμʱĻϲģֻû뵽鼱תֱ£̫ȻĳߣŮҲͬˡ
ֻڻܰοԼҲþܾ֪С԰һĻһӶ뺮Ԩ
ú͸ߵģ͵ʲôûз
ֻǲű߲ˡ
ԼײίΪˡ
Щϲڣ
ţոС԰Ϊ̽ԲǷɣֻû뵽ľȻ㡣
֪
æ͵ڲȥӵ£ǵºͳȥˡ
Щҵѿڶҵϣǹҹȥġ
ϴ糺죺¡
֮Ͼ̫ܵˣҲõܾ
һӾ˵ϯһͬ顣
һ˫ڰ׷۾żпʵǱ½ܵˣǷҲõܾ
Źڵ˫֣һֱϣߵ㡣
ʱȫӡŶӣ˫ԣ쳣


13


ʮƣġ
һһȻŮչʾ书ʱ,ع䣬Ů书ף̳лλҲԶԸλŮ书ûзɹ
λŮÿһȵУҲΪ,Ҳһ絽У
ԭΪ絽ģ֪ʱʽöѾˡ
عѾûսˣŮҲչʾĻᣬԴȻŹѵõĻᡣ
ʽ㴩һɫװ־鲻ӡ
Ӧǹ⼸մгŻΪϷ׷꣬Ų⣬ǽҵСȻǱϷǷҳ̾ͷ˼һ겢⳥ŲһǮơ
ֻǱ˼һ꣬ͷȻСҲٱʽʧҪõö࣬Ҳѹá
ÿȥлͬһֻǴһɫװȥ˼ֻøС
ÿæк̫ŮСð
Цҿþȵӣ춨øóɼ
Цҡҡͷѡеϧ̾ϧ̫ŮղμӣȻȻʡ
һͷЦʵҲҪϳģֻΰǰԵְˡ
ͦЦ
ЩĿһԣĽֻصüã鲻һ˲ʧˣΧ˶ûв
ûʽʹʽҲ½½ˣ໥˸кļ䡣
ԶԺЩʵ㣬ҵʱϳչʾݲø㶪ô죿ȫǰӡ
СֹԣǼΪֳϲֺӣⱲеһˣǾĸŮԾǱҲŽԼ׳ҪԼݲ˸㶪Ļ˶
ΪŶͣ½ǵԣİƽ˵ǰһֱȥһû⣬аڡ
ĻעԵҲû֮ǰôˡ
СһһһڣЦã˵ûһû⡣
һ˲䣬εҡҡͷСһǺú尡
ûŮҲŮ۴һɫĳۣɫ󣬿鲻
Ա½Ϊܳײײĳɱ㽿ޣ˵ЩѵüĿ¡
棬ȥֻ֮ˣаǣҲѹĸʻϲ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôÿÿײʱЩ˵иУܾ֮Եְɡ
ûʾ㿪ʼˣ̨ľǴŮ
ŮһɫۣϼúʣѴŮϳɽͻֻֻͻʵ̫¶
һ״ͨҪһȦǱ˾ǲѡ
ʱʽͿʼչʾӦǳʹĹϵڴʽﲻòԵúֻУʹǻ
ʽʽ󿪴ϣÿλ趼ʾɽţͨ˱һʵˣҲͽˡ
ŮһʾΧҲΪϵĹơ
ŮҲͷ˵ԽȷʵȥҪƿصĺãɼ˿๦ģЩˮ磬ӯҪ콥̫
ŮɫȭлỤָ̊Ͳ֪Ů۵Ļȥ١
ڶ³ǶŮ
ŮʹõһѾӽմ׵·ΪƣȥϹ֮ˡ
ŮڽǱʣ̬ͽɶҪ󼫸ߡ
αǼŮߵģټϳλߵƺͶ̬ĳ߰ѿأоǳȸϽһһʽԿɳɻ
ݴʱеķ񣬽Уò˵ȷʵһӾʢ硣
һ´ҲЧɡ
ŮۿҲĵͷ˾֮ȷʵ͡
Ů˵Ц˾лĸʿ佱
Ů
û뵽ƽʱ˹˹ĵŮϳݵľȻһѺӧǹȻ˲òࡣ
һǹŮ·һǹߣָʹ
ĻҫһŮúá
ŮһЩɱ֮Ǽ˼
ԼͷʹǴż亦ˡ
˵õĵϲ֮ôɱ֮ǹ˻еģ
С˵㣬ҷ
ǺǣСѶˡ
Ծ˵ȷʵ޴ϲԺսٲҪ
Ŀ峺ĿŮЦȻ岻ݴǣΩԸعĺƽ
⻰˵˼ǵЦ
ֵŮ
ԼۿʽıݣѾǼ˵ˡ
ʲôģˡ
֪ԱС
ٲǰɣ
ãá
аںúֻһͭǮ乭
֮аٲİ֮ڣϻֱöͭǮ

žԣСҪ̨ʱˡ
԰Ժÿʱһϰɡ
Ըжĵͷл㶽٣ԶȻǲðʧġ
ĺӡ
οԵϹ
ʵŽһ£󲿷ʱ䶼˽֪ʶĻ
书ʲôϱȫûнӴȻǰļ䣬ҪϳʲôҲ̫Ϊˣںһŵһơ
ת۾͵ϳˡ
Աݵľ̫
ԣ̫
͵޼
Ȼ˵̫йԵģǷ켫ʱ򹥻ҲǸǹͺʡ
ദһʱҲ֣Ĳпɣϻ쳣Եֺãֻ֮巽Щ⣬ʵǺúǸˡ
κ˵λʵ̫ͣ溰ⷽδúá
˵ɡ
Կȥӳ̨ȫΧ
ȫİԡ
̣ǻӵܼ˴棬ȷʵá
СཱུӤʣСˣΪȤ
Ͼʦָ㣬ʽݿʼһ̧һͶдҹ뷶
ԵıݣԱ촫Ȼ˶ߣ廷ƣԵչʾνá
ŮЦŵԹȻǳˣҪȥʵöࡣ
Сϲ˵Լģĸʿ佱Ц۾ˡ
ҲܲȣľкܴĽ
Цлĸʿ佱
ڴڵʱŮֻ߳ǵʵ̫ȤǻЩȤ飿
ŮЦ֪ʲôأ
浶ǹıһΣŮ˵ʱֱӿŮ֮ⲻԶ

14

һʱУž˭֪ŮĻԶŮ
ʱãдŲĺһŮ
ŮȻмӣȫк紫һŮӤŮ˷ŭҲͲˡ
һʱУΧš
ڴŮƣŮЦӯӯĽ£дˣСȻϡ֪ĸΣ
ŮɫѱȻҪдǾɣ㵽ֹ
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Աߺصӹ֮죬ÿ˵ϡ
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Ժʵ㣬˵ǴӮǶӮ
˿˵ԭΪʽӮģϾʽʵ̫ķֻҪʽ㿸ոտʼٽһʱͿںʽвʱʤ׷ˡ
ԵֻǴʽĹлҪңҲд󡣡
ͷǵģҾδʽӮ
ԲΪΣʽֻҪټһӾͿԷˡ
ЦⱲӲ˭ɻֵģ˶ݣѡʽʤ
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ԭΪѾ֪ŮƲˣȻֱŮ׷
˲֮䣬ŮԼͷûбֵֵֻܱԵıĿ˫ڵסͷ
ԴŮֵƣĴʵ˺롣
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ԺƬΣѵոտʼҪΪֹˣ
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ŮæĸϢŭֻһʱղסԲ˺õģ
ղסͲҪõǷһǲ޵Ҫˣ
Ů۵ĻŮһʱ侪彻ӣɫ԰ףߵϴ޴ģ޴ģ
Ůȥһ꣬˼˵֮ͽ˰ѴŮȥˡ
ŮۿŮ󻢿ѪЩε˵󰡣ûкʵľȥѡһѡ
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ЦˣҶġ
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˵⣬ʽΪʲôʧҪɱʽ㣬̫ܽΪŲ顣
ʽʱոհæǹͷ˦Լˡ
ǰڵĻǶùģôһôûС
ȻһʱĥЩĹϵ϶è塣
ŮЩ͵Ŀ̫Ů䲻ȷʵдҷ緢
Цĸˣҵ
ʱҲˣҲ½ȥһӭϴҹ硣                        
лҪ˵ҿСʹ˵鲻ר˼ʵ鲻רǺܶ鶼Ϊమһ𣬵ԺЩ˻ǻϲٽ飬Ҹоǲͻġ
ϲϲФսΰෲͻ
ϲϰ裬ǴûҪһҪרһ
ٽȥû˼ˣϾ󱳾ǹŴŮ
ЩʽЩϷʲô֪ҿԲ²¡

15

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Ȼ֪Ů֣Ȼš
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ŷдּվԲڷе⡣
Թڴҹӵ磬˺ܾòŻдĸ֣̫Ů
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ŴȤūʹˡ
ĵͷѡһҷɫۣĵ߻ױʱױݲ⣬Լ˼ʲ⡣
ǷĿǳǳƵĴδЦԽޡ
Ա߸һٲʺƨֱЦ
ھȥɣ˱㲻ˡ
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˵ʱѾ˲ˣһͳ˵Ľ㡣
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ŵŮӿȥʮ꣬оķɫǽСɫüĿ༫Ϊš
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Цĸҹʮˣٹˡ
ĵͷţʱ죬һתͱɴˡ
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һӹΪҪһ治Ǽ棬ҲЩ̫ȷ

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һΪԼǿŵǲԼοԼֻôˡ
κǹڳϣԼֲֵ

һ깬͢ҹϲhenxiangdarenˡ                        
лҪ˵ڼģʱͲдģӭ߸֪뿴ȥģ



ҹԴ˸кԺʹĽŲ뿪ʹˡ
һžͿ濴ƮŶëѩͷףķϣʵı䣬תƶҲǶ졣
á
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ҶԲҵܹܵѳɢɢİˣͻؼҾͺáЦţִ滹΢С
ڴȤҲû˶١
һġϱӶʮˡ
¼縺ܶ࣬ȷʵ˲һ
͵ôСҾ׵õٱҪ٣˾ְˡ
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Ķߣ༫ǲ
ϣڴ𣿡
ںڰ׷۾ȥͣȫǷһ˿ǣҵȫݲκ
оڵΪŶЩԾɹִסڹִĵŴ𰸡

һֹԼװ׵дϣﻹʲô׵ġ
Цſ϶ĵͷϲߡ
϶һ仰ùڵ˫ԣϵȫɢ棬ʡ
벻ʱѾһҵůĻ֮Уīİ
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׽־¡
ڹǰŮǵܵõĴ㣬ǻΪŮӡ
ǰ޼ӣò˼飬Ůϴδġ
մȾͲԸȥ
Ӳ֪¹µһ϶ͷǰȾ裬޻ڡ

17


һʱ⻮ƺڰһж١
ѾһŮӴŰɫװӰ,ȣӰƮʮˬ
ļɽиɫӰΪԼصúܺõĶڽ͵͵¶С۾Ŀ
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֪СһܾԵˣʧһСĲڼɽԱߵʯ˾ˤ˳ȥ
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˷סԺδСһ鷳ķ֣һֻֻ࣬˰벽ϾϵŮǺϵġ
겻ʮ߰꣬һδӣС¹һ޹˫ۻˮ⣬СһװףȥһɷȤ
ǵںԪ
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ԪҲǷԼ˵ôʲκԽԽ˵СǼװ׵ģɫĵɫ̡
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Խ˵λʽ㶼Ӧˣʽ㶼ͷŶ
ҲѹԽʽԴǰڼҷ˼֮Ϳʼǰǰ丸ԽҲûжĶʱ䶼ڼң·һӳΪˣ붯ʽȷʵֵý
ʽ仯һĸ߰
ʽȢ֮ΪӲǺܺãԴΧ˶Ȱʽ̾Աһһܾˡ
˾ʽɵ˾ʽ㵭һ㡣
ֻǶۣʽǳţϸ
ܶ˶˵ǸиģȻõӣǸһһһ۰Լڶġ
ûһº񡢵ˮ©硣
ˣֶ˸߻ãײԴһǰ߻Ժ˷λƷ׾
׾ôŵ׵ˣں̫֮С
ҲΪʲô⼸費˥νǵǰֿȵ֮һ
Ȼûϳ㹦Σڳ֪֮꣬ʼͰӴ¡
뵽һ֮ҪԳ֮£ڴ                        
лҪ˵ӣֲŭĳࡣ
Ϊǻ˴߸ģһľС
ֻùԹԵļ


18


գ˿ɫаվԵգӦЩȥǡ
극Ϳʼʰװ׼š
ţ׼𣿡
ЦóһĻص̫ŮģõװκԺһūһ˾ûظԲᵢ¡
ĵͷֵһ˿Ƕ̣ɫӨ͸ˮɫá
Ͻ˿ɢĹΣʣһǼƷ
Ц̫ŮﷱæΪ´ĥܱġ
ʫʸ踳书û̫ȤΨһ͸ϲ쳣ϧ˵λ£ʽĶ֧֣ԺԵ·ߡ
οֻóһر͹ҵֻóˣҵˮƽŻߣֻЩһʱ䵹ǲ˵ˡ
ЩĽ˵лŮĽ㣬֮
ҡҡͷҵļˣӦˡתЦԺʲôϲܸҲġ
һͬȻͬ˱һֱɶ£ٹɵĺҲƤʱ
ŴСûΪΪͣʵ
żæŲң
֪ģԺҪʲôٸ˵
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˲ϵˮȤǱ˿Ŵ˱һֻСèʮȤ
ūûпޡ
ú庢ӵ˵úúãûпޡЦװˡ
һиոžſڣԵ߾͹밲ӭ̫ŮŮŮһƥѪ¿ĵĺͶŮŮȥһͻȴȥ
ԭԼӦ㵽ģû뵽Ѿˡ
ȻСȥˣǲüȥϯ
ЦžӴֻһֱδĴ䣬ȥдˡ
߹ŵʲôԸΧߡ
˸
žӣϻһЩ͹ӵķ壬紵еõ
ǰ߿һ
󣬵ǰ˸ǶޣС޵̵Ӧǳ֮֡
ȻĿţмֻ׷𣬿ȥȷʵмȤζ
Ϊ̨ͤ¥ǹŷ罨죬ֵۣƣʽҵ껨˲˼
ʱǰԶ⣬ת
ܵô֮ˣ˼Ȼ͸Ǹˡ
Ծĸ߹ȥύһ
֪߹ȥȻӰ֮һλڵࡣ
ԼĪʮߡ껪ü续֮һǴҹӡ
˵ڵǶׯҹ֮ģĳǹ龫֮д˿˿Ȼλӵ뷲ľ飬鶯֮вȾ
Χ޵㣬ȥ嵭ģЩݵζ
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Ÿôãв⣬֪ӲֹǵЩӣǵŮˡ
֪ʱöͣǵλӡ
߽Ժؾصů˪ݼˣˣö
žӺԺרŹžӵĹϢѵĵطһ¸˽οǰա
ů˪ŮŻټϽŮ磬ڶԷҲ˸µĲ²⣬ԵﲻĴڡ
񡣡ʱУЩǨŭ
ů˪֪ΪǲҪ
ҪǹһЩū³ңϼҲǼΪ顣
Ͼֻ˷йѣ˭лںأ
οǰĹȣԼǵ볾ˡ
뵽˴ů˪۵һ˿ңָǲԾ䡣
ů˪Щ΢΢ü뵽ϾŮ磬黹ҪƫһЩ
οһֱ֪Լ̫׺ͣƽʱЦʱһӣοʱ
ŵˣ
˵ŮԼֵطΪ˼ҲǲþܾģʵǹֲԷϡ
Ц£Ҳ
ů˪ôһΪԾ΢̧һͷ
ŮЦº͵ĿŶġģ

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һů˪һʱ˵
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žӱͷǲҪԭģֻҪ˸˱á
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пģȻȻвġ
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ů˪ԭΪղѣ֪龪һΪԼҪʮ˲ײ֪ո̤޵ط˼䡣
ů˪мдллˣ
ˮ۾Ӳ䵽䣬۾볾ӣõˣӦñմȾǵģ뵽˴ɵЩ
»ؼұֵǣƬ̺οûµģҽؼң˳˽Ͳδʲô飬ǲġ
ءؼң
ů˪ʲô
ů˪ʱͶʧˣм֪Լﳼ֮ӣΪټˣ󱻷䵽žӡ
ǸΪůĵطɣ
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ů˪ǹټˣⱲӳԭ򣬲
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һ˸ǿԻؼҵġ
лů֪ҲҲˡ
ů˪ĿԶȥӰ̧ͷգǸӰ
ԸԺԼֻǰڴȻ࣬Ůӣûпҹӣ˿ûг֡
εҡҡͷ˵ڷعŮصĹңִŮȥҹܻҲǲ׵ġ
˿ȫӭӣ̫Ů𰲣
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ЦҲҲ㶼ˣСȥĵõĺѪҵҲûء
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ڵĴǰˣ֮ǰֻȷʧǷâˡ
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㣬⺹Ѫȷʵ´һ
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һǿոӣ
˾ЦСԣûƤԽԽ񣬲ʲôʲô
Цлл㣬ףʹˣ
Կ͹ԽæܵǰҴǿºѪ䡣
ԵļЦãʱǿԼȥһ
ԽҲͷЦǽü˺þûоһ𣬵ʱԱҹ̸
λŮҲƺãȷʵкܾûоȫˡ
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ĵʵδ˵øȾ纮֪Ƿأ
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˾Ц˹ʱԲڻʼҹϻһá
ͬӲԾЦ
˵ڵעԵǳʵҲȻ
Ȼ֮以ȣݣֹԾһˡ

ֻû뵽ЩȻٵ֮졣

19

ĳƽпռУů˪Ĺº
Ժѵüþһһ˺˲پơ
һʱӻģдˣԭΪŴƶ߶һҲްֻû뵽ôͷ
Ѿ֮Ϥ΢΢üֻǴԻһʱͷ㱾Եȥ
žӷڸܽڸ˷ǸҹŮڸΪҲƷ̸ʫȷ֮¡
ͱȽƷӣֻҪʵĸ˼ҶԽ
һžȻǲ˽ơ
֮Ȼͣ£һȥӰζ֮ǰů˪С
ֻһʮЩֵŮץסů˪ֵЦСֻͦģҲǻġ
ΧҲǸһЦ
ů˪߷ߵҪֲܾңΪŮ˽͵ūֻʦӿ͡
ȻΪټˣů˪žӵʱѾʮһ꣬͹Сõѵ껪ټϵһֺ١
ֵһʼӿԺů˪ҲͲڿ峺ټů˪ڸգȽ˲֪ᷢʲô飬һλʦ
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ů˪֪ʱ˵ЩԽأԾ̲סʵˣѵ°ŵūķɣ
ſԷ˫峺̹ϣڿʱüĿŨŨĹġ
Ӵʱ䣬̫Ůзı¼
Χ鲼Ӱֲʲô۶ӣ֣صĵͷǾů˪ˡ                        
лҪ˵е㼱ʱҪһ¡
Ҫȥϰ࣬еɪɪ
ܲȥǲҪȥˣ

20


ʮڣԲ
·洦ɼĻ͸ůɫĹâʱʱĻűСǿĵЦǺڴĽ֮һʹھƶ˼ҽҲҪСһٺóԵġ
ϵС̯ĴȻؼҺͼžۣǶŽոϻؼѹһá
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ֻûгʳ۹峺Ŀĳ֮˽ֻ֮ϲŮ֮ǲһġ
Ů֮Σ
ôϱӿŮǲմǲݣĶΥ͸С
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Цҡҡͷ㿴Ǹֻ֮һģ
ԽԽŮ̫Ůɫˡ
ĳ·𿴴ӵЦ
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ĳЦü۽ǵ룬Ҫȥ͵С꣺ⲻҲŸĸ⡣
˼Ƭ̣ȻŮûбֳܾĸ׾ʱǿûеͰӿֻҲ˵ʲô
ĸ׾ġʵˣող˵ͻȻǲǷʲôˣ
ĳתֱĬϲõҵõϢڹ˻˶㶯֡
лҪ˵ĳǰϷ
˵˾ϸڣһʼûһյģֲ֪籾ˣԼ̫Ůʲôı˵ʲôȻϲľͶҪ
ġ
Ǻ汻ĳӸжţġ
ЩϸʧܵģƲкܶ෬ϵ

20

ҪԼֳô£
ʵҲǺȷҵӦײƵģϧԷڣǰϢֻдһ룬ԷºܽҺ׷ҲֻǲЩ˿ȷԷ᲻֡
ϢںǲĳϢںϢͨĳҪǰͨöֻ࣬û뵽ʱ˸Ҷ֣
ĳɫͣõ˵ǣ󹬣֮һҪСġ
ǰȻͬǧ˿ơ
ĳİʾѾˣǣ󹬣Ȼͺλأǰ˲ŰѾԻ
ȼݽڸ
̫ͬ
벻׵ΪʲôҪԼ֣
Ů񲻹ʮԷعܻ˵ֱ׳꣬Լ£ĸȫٴһλδػֵ֮ˡ
ԷŶȡ֮ȫ
ԼΪ̫Ů󣬾Լǰ֮Ҫ֪Ҳܴʮ֮οʵȨʮŮۣܹŮ۵ĶĿ
ŮҪ֣͸ˡ
ôĸʶԼ׻׻̻壬ݳĸŮ飬ĸʻԼ֡
˵ĸʶ֣ᵣշعмҷѣҡ
ϾмҺһپ٣һ
ĸһ޹ʶ֡
ֻ벻ͨĸ֣óܹ㿪ĸʵĶĿֳ֣ɹ㿪
ЩԷûаգôΪʲôҪأ
Լ˳ۣ
ܣȻ㲻ϵˮ©ǲڵ˵ԷҪżסųնҲҪԼ
һг
Ҳ̫ܣĸкܶ࣬ΣյĻ϶ˣڹ֮Ҳ̫ɶֶԼϾĸλεţԸԼ岻
Ҳ̫ܣ嶼ˡмҵĳвӦҲ˵ġ
Ϊ
Ҳ̫ܣ岻Ǹ֥С٣ô
뻹ǲգϾû֮ǰļ䣬Ǳһ㣬ҹͺ˲顣
·ѭгûôûôĳ
һ²⣬ȫƷ
ȵưɡ
ȤӹƱһˬЦҸо˻ɹģ˰Ȼ벻ʲô˻֡
Ǻǡ
˵ʵĳˣ͵˵ʽѧϰ֮죬ν츳
Դ˻벻⣬Է֪ԼϢ涼뵽˴ĳΪԼʳӰ̺㲻õģıɽׯ˵ʳҲȥȼһ
ĳҡҡЦѼ飬ôؼʱҲŲȥʲô٣Ҫߣ˺ܳɹ̫Ů¶ȻỤȫġ
εĺ
ĳŶ亢ҪҲȥҪ㡣
εͷӻȡ彻ĳʲô±ӲͷԼˣ㲻ʱȥҡ
ĳӹպãЦҾ֪Ѷãϲ㣡
ĲͷЦףΪҲ֪һϸҲʳǰԼϲԵķ
ٺ٣ǰҸѲʳѶûоܾⲻΪϲ
һĳͷҪҿ㲻һԱ߾͸ҰԼϲ͡
ĳݼЦһжߵѶϸģȻһξ֪ϲʲô
Ǻǡ˳Ÿͦģ㿪ľͺá
Χòϣʼһ½½ȥ£зȵĶĳ˵Բ°ɣ
ĳһﲻ֪ǲϷˣЦȥȥ
ú庢ӵЦǣҵ֣ҪԼ㶪ˡ
գĳǣʮָۣ·һһ߳
ҹĻˮһԲ¹ڵգǹ£
ΧŲϵԵû԰Ϊ֡
ĳ̾㿴ϧȴֻһ
ЦһŽǶ˾û˼ˡ
ĳǳ嫣Ҳܺÿ
ͬĵͷǺܺÿǹﶼ£ٺÿķҲĶѡ
ĳ˼ʱһ߹̫Ů𰲣Ĺӽ𰲣̫þûмĹˣĹһۡ
ͷЦ빬һʱ䣬̫ˣȥɡ
ĳЦŵͷãЩʱ㡣ͺһͬȥ
ԹԵ˻£׼ø죬֮ǰĳԼĳʳʵ̫ѳˡ
һת㱻һײһ£ˮ·ϣƺ˾ţæҪˮգıܿˡ
Էôæūˡūˡ
ĿŶԷû˵Ϥ˶֪ˡ
ʱһ´˹һǶǸСʧְôײһݺݳͷֺõĶЦȻū̫Ůͽһ·
·Լոպϲ֪ϴĸɾ
ЦһǶòȴ˻пԭǾȻžˮ̫Ůϳ˵֮ʧǾԲŵġ
ɹƣ·Ȼ£ôô졣
ͷ·Ҫ֮ӰУԷҪʲôϷ
ߵʱȺеһ񣬶ǸߣŪˡ
Źû͵ůרŹϢĵطҶ£ﷴûˣطȷʵ֮ûжԶһ㶼Ƨ
Լôĵط
ʱǼŵһɵ㣬һʱ˵ʲôζ
ˣȻŲζģ׼̤ůʱԶѣҺң
ĳΪߵļĹϵϻź
΢΢üôˣ
ĳֱӻش𣬶˵˵·Ūˣ·㣬ߣҺ˴·ˡ
ĳԼЩӴЦá
һֱ֮ѯʵͬʱ𣺡֪ô£쳣
ͷ֪ġ
ĳʱһֻըëè֪쳣ΪҪȥ
ǺЦĽ͵˶ˣҪȥģ˵вǹǰ
ĳƬ̵ˡ
ԭ׷ʵʲôʱԶȺľص뿪õů

21

ĳůͽ˸ϵůʱѾЩΧ
Χ۵˱鶼Ϊʣоġвġвݵģһ㡣
˱һֲõԤС
ûнůô£
ʱѾ˲ô࣬۷ʲôҲȻǺ¡
ů֮ǰŵζѾĳʵûʵһɺܵζ
ĳϸΧҡҡͷûŵЩȷʵ⸽ζ
˹ȻŲ
˵ͷšŶΧӰԸĴûʲôĻ
ϧո뿪ôæº˲鿴ݾߣʲôûǲ֪»ü
ůڼ䣬ΧȺȻȻĸóһ·
ʲô鿴ֻƬѾ֪߰˰ˡ
һһŮ
ֶ˵һһŮ
ߵǰȻ֮ǰ·Ĺ£ԷͷĿԼͷðź
һʱǶԷԼʱӦô
ݱ¿ɫһϲ̫Ůͺˣ桭
ŽյķҦĿȥҦҪ˵ڵĻ˲俨ں˵ˡ
ԸҪΧˣϽ⴫漰ԱȫָҪǷ⡯
ŵƬ̾˰Ҧ´ȥˡ
ҴҵİΧһ£ͽ뿴䣬ϢȻȥץʱ˶ýˡ
Ȼû㣬һַݵζݺݵü
ĿǺ˷ɽҾ
·˺ѵĴǣΧİڼкܶ඼Ǳײӡ
Ȼ׼ǿ˵ʱﻹǴһ
ŮӾȻ㣡
ӾСߵĸջ̨ϱݻ
׾
˴ͬߣڻ˯
龰ʶľתͷȥæߵԱ߼㣬ѣ׾׾Ҳѡ
Сź˼˶ûжʱ洫
¼ݵ̫ݵ
ĸʵӰһȺμҹıͣȻ갲˵䡣
ĸѵվˡ
ĸʿŴϵһ仰û˵纮˪˶֪ŭˡ
̫ͨȫֱǲ֪߳ܣҰѣ
̫ûôº̴ͣӲ֪Ͱˮֱͷܹȥ˲Ͱ˸͸
书ӣʽѿڻ粻תͷĸʺ·ʶʲôһת׾·ܵһ۾ɫ˲԰ֽæ˵ϡ
ĸϢŭŮͣŮûԲĸʵ飬ŮǱݺġڽʶǰץסŮ۵ۣԱܿ
еĽ͵С·ϣů·֪һůͱΣ;ֻ֮ģһЩӡ󣬵ҩ¸ܿԼ
һ˲ȫ̹ǣ·Ū࣬ů·
ԭŲֻԼ֣ǰʱ㣬ԷȻͬһʱˣ
ʽȻȥ£ոǿӦڻŮΪǿһƽճŻϲẰӰԲô˱˵
ʵ˵λʽǰǺϲӰţǿڱĵλԵԼȽϡԻСʱҲ뷨
Դǰ˵һȣӰʹӲ
СڶĿȾ֮ҲЧʱӰ
ʱ׾Ȼѣϵı߷ʹɫְֺףһϹŶŮ۵檴δҩԲµ顣
ǻʲôµʱų˷ֿˣů֪ů󿴵Ů˾Ժ
̫ߵĺЦ߻ŮһֱðúõģǴĿһ鶼ûг̫ϻõŮأ
ǰҲܳģֻ׾˳谮̶Ⱦʹǰ
ʵǺԴ׾ԺܶӶ䣬ټ׾˵Ϊ䣬˵ǲƽʣһֱ֪뿴ʧ¡
ôʯĻϲŹ
̾Ц֮˵治У޷粻ˣô˭˶ݺרݺأ
׾ֻ̾ǼΪִֵĿŮʣͬѪŲûϵֻǷұݺ
ʱ˶ȻǼ֤Լף׾ʱȴǰ֮ŲԼ
׾һʳ仰֪ˡ
ڸĸŲŵ⣬ֻҪǸ˶ٻỳè塣
Ŀ֮Щ˾ˣ֤׾޹Ŀ׶ûˣ޲޹˶ûôҪ
Բ֮˺ݶǸʱŮͼ̸һǴɣοҡ
ǲ֤ǷݺŮϾŮӣӰҪСһЩҲԡ
׾Ͳһһȥ˴žͻˡ
׾һƵҪĸλشţһʱҪΧν˵ţ׾˾Ҫˡ
Ϊ˻ʼ棬ֱӰ˴ȻƲҲǲܡ
׾Ǳ׾֮ˣЩǶģκ֮һһݽȥ˵ͷҲͲôˡ
οĸһǸ߸ϣҪ棬񵱳ײƴ¶Ĵʵˡ
Ů˽⼫ĸһ˽ڣ޷ˡ
ǰˣһʽ㣬һСߵĸ
ʽĸڷƽʱǻزģ棬û˳ˡ
Լ½ֹĳҧҧǰĸһԡ
ͻȻͣͣҶû뵽̫Ůʱվ
Ů۳˵
ŮҲҹҲ˾ˮҲ˴ů󣬿;ûȥˮں·ϣòжڳ˿˵ɺϣǷ̫ɺϣ
̫ĵѶ£
Χ˿ϵյһû뵽˸Ұ쵽̫ŮŮʶü
еĻص£ǱδкôáʽĺĿã岻ʵҲԸȢˣ׾ĸƺǾԲᱳĸס
Ǻ޶׾ûгԼܻǹܳˣ׾ĳŮʵ񶼺ͣԼϣиôõĻôܷŹ
ָ˵˭֪ԸȢΪʷˡ
˵껰ͷĿǿŮ۵ò絶۾˴˸սҲҶ˵һ仰
Ŀ峺ĿŮۣıͦüֱֻԼ֪ѾȫǺˮʪ͸
Ůλ߶꣬Ŀжֻкӵ֪
֪ʱԼˣȻһʼ˾Ҫֳеĵ򻹲һʼͲ
ʱŮۺİĺ֮Ķӣ˲岻ȥ졣
žˡ
Ů̾˿ˣѹȥ󡣡
仰·𱻳ȡȫȴһ
˾ˡ
ߵòԺĳŹڵϵ̽ѾˣĳѾܵˣ
ΧûʲôԺһϻҪڣң
ĳȤҿ֮ǰͦ¸ҵģԭҲẦ¡
ĬƬ̵Ѳ⣬Ź֡
ĳ㻹Ҳû˵Ů˽񣬱˽±ȻҪ֤µġ
Ц˽Ҳ㣬Ѫסο֮ĸʿ˽ڸǹ׶ۣ˽²£Щζϴɾˡ
ʱȨı֮£˶λߣƷݽ棬
Ȳ˵ǰֻǸ¶С֪¿ĸܡοЧǵȨ߶ô˸һ£һʥĸܱ֤ԼΣ»Ԯ֡
ĳЩӵĿҵǲ֪ĳ
ЦҲ˶ԷҲˡ
ο֪ĸʶԴǷǣС
ĳԺİ·ƽЦӰҪ£Ҿףɡ
ֵ׼ˣ˵𣿡
ĳգһüëĽë۲תһۣ۽ǵǿ붼·һ¹⣬һʱסˡ
ĳƤ˵ǵһԲİ鴦ãͲңԹԵĵȰմ顣
Ǻǣˡ


22

ҹ޵ڻ⵭⡣
Ŵϻŵĺ󣬾ߴ̫Ůڵ
Ųҵ󣬵õֱ̫Ů޵ʱ鼮ͷɢܣһ͵Χ࣬º͵ҫٶ
һ򶼲ϲϿ飬˵Ϊ۾ĻԶ׳֡Գѿʱѡڰգһ裬ϼģΪΪȻԵá
ݼ̫Ů
оڿŵˣΣ
ŻūӦ飬ūһ·ǸѾˮڵµϣ;Ҫɱˣūˡūץˣһɱȣһж°ͲűѶ
Էʿô׿ڡ
˵ֻҪŪˣҲʲô취һҪ˿ˡ
ŵ߿ڹȷʵָʹѾˮڵµ·ϣ˲ԲŴӦ飬ͲˣūȥΧ˵ĻӦʵ
ֻǸ߶ȥͨߣѾˣδҵټ֪ǱˣǼҸط
Ƭ̵߲Ҫĵȥ׷٣˽˾ͺá˵ǲڣûǴķȻݾߣĻֶ֡
úñȥĸۡˣůΧջ񣿡
Աʣûʲôѳ̫ʹ֪˿Ƶľû˵ʲôˡ
̫
֮ǰĳԼԼҲֻ֪Ϣһ̫ͼææֹԼů̫᲻֪Щʲô
ҪҪȥ̫һʣתͷˡ
ĳ̬ĳֽǶȾʹ̫̬ȣС黹ǲҪ߶˼ˡ
ˣȥϢɣʲô˵
ŵ
Ůһ³ع㿴վſڣźԼ߰˷ƵԵýģȻǸˡ
лصĺ໴ΨһһһִĺӣתۼȻԼһߣٹһҪˡ
ŮЦݼĸ󣡡
ε̸˿ôȥһš
ĸµ죬ҹҲû˯ˣ
飬ĸӦѹİɣ
ھګګնײĸʣΡ
ŮḧͷЦĸŮиҹ㻹ûгԶĸһԵ㡣
ɵĵͷ빬
ϻһϲԵĲɫЩɫҪǰһ׼ζ
Ůۿһֱÿӹĵôˣ˲
һƽԺЦûУǸո۾ɳӣһվͺá
ȻԸϣǱý޵úܣ˵ҲɣֻǷԸЩ¶ϴϴ۾
Ѷһ¶һ£û˵ġ
ĵȫ֪֮ԼΪçײֻĲ̣ллĸʵİݺ½⡣
ŮɫĿʵѶ
ص˸
˵ͷѶȻȥȥɡ
ЩεЦ֪ģȴЩˣ
ŮЩô꣬һԾŶô˵ڶ֣
Ͽҵ֮ǲϣ֮ܵԩǵĸײԸ
Ļ˵ѶˣûôȻȥɡ
ʱĸ͸ڿĳˣȥĸ
ĸʵͷ֪Լ԰ĳЦллĸʣ
Ůͷһµ۾ɳѾˣŰɣˡ
Цŵͷĸǲ֪ҿɲ֥ˡ
ŮЦϲͶԵ㣬»ҽгӼ
ҡҡͷвУĸ⹬еĶʵ̫óԣһעͻԶ࣬Ҫ˸ӡ
˵һԵĶ̲㻹ڳԵ㡣뵽ʲôЦֵĻҵʱ̫ҽ㿪һЩҩţ᳤ܲ֡
Ǻǣǲʣǿడ
ЦҲԼˣЩ˾ͦõģҶԵ㣬ÿҩţ治ÿҩš
ҶȻΪͬ극Ļɡ
䣬˳ԺͿʼ塣
߳ϲǶ֡
ֻǴСһԸĵһһ̵߽һԽԽ£嵹á
ʱ԰ԹΪأϾѾ²㣬ռȻͻ䡣
ֻһ̬شȴ
Ů۲Ѷִƺб仯
ЦӵǼΪ𣬵ӵеĶԽԽҪرǵҲ֪з·ʱ򡣡
Ůָ˵ĻѶ´ʧȻ
һŴĹ𻨸⣬ζζҲļ䣺Ů˱ȻȻ֮УֻҪȵץסȻʧںĸʶԣĸŮ䲻Ȼ֮ԸǺԸĸΪأ
ŮˬЦҶ˵
ŮԺ뿪鰸
ŮۿȥӰǴЦ
ʱһͨĸһϣб¶ϣѺӱӻܷ֮˪
ңһֱܺãϻۣĻʺ
ʱ̫ʴЩϸϸĥ
ЩҲãҲá
Χ̴ӷԸ̫ŮԸ׾ﲻҪˡ
ŵ
лҪ˵ӵġΪս
һĵط
ҹĹӤ
ĪּƵ꣬
ҽԺֵĺɫ߸Ь
ԶҲҲؼ·Ů
ַӶٵݣߴһԨ
ī鳺Ϊ˱һȥ֪бѡ
һжıͳͳΪ¡
ī鳺ľȥԹǿ
һӰĵ۽ǵˮߵૡ

Ϊս
ұУұǼʵݡ
֮־֮־
ĺһԶ㣬ܵһ˿䡣
ħ̹ҷŷŮǿŮǿ

24

һ䷿, 洫һöŮֻŭ
, 
Ҳǡ
ǲǹ, Ѿ˼ϣζԽԽ֣
˵, ΪůΧʵζ, ůʵһζֻζɢ̫죬Χ˻ûüűɢˡ
ůǹڳ, ֲǸס֮أڹס, ҹĿֽӴ, ˵ů̫ܻпûŹů
϶, ̫ҽʦרζ
κκһŵӶǻĻûҵζԴŭʹ˵㡣
Ͼʱ, ô˫۾, ʱʵڲࡣ
׼, ֪һ˲ˤ, ֿס
ڳˣһ޹ʹ̶Ȳںһҩ
öˣȻζҲһŭϵĶȫɨڵصǵвУĪǸŵǶҩɣñվ
̫ҽʦһŵ÷ַڵصūǾԲ˺̫Ů, Щǲжģ
˼˰Եȫǲ˺ϣ
̫ҽĴЩϾԲ˺̫Ů塣
Σյ۵ڲζԴǷ쳣ǸһЩʲôЧĶûеϣʵڻҵж𣿡
һƬͷūңūҡ
һǿѹеĲ͵ǶǸ̳뻹ʲô취
ĥĥģиµ˵Ҫ˵һĻһ壬ϵһ֪˵䷽
һüʵ˲ڻʳǸǣ
æصϵŮȫţӱΪټˡ
һʱᶼҲˣټ˵ĻҪںεء
Ƭʵ䷽ɻᴫӣ
߹ؾصĴʱԶǲǴūǺȷֻһӣûѡҲǺпܵġ
ţȥһ䡣
ŵȰһˣۿ˷òʧԵ㶫Ϣ£
̧ͷգԭ֪ѵգԸ˶ɢ˰ɣȥ뻹ʲô䷽
ŵ
ȥϢһ°ɣҲɢɢŶ岻á
ͷǿߵſڣʵڲ̫飬Ͼ˿ȥһ鶼ûУκʵ̫УһĶһ
Ѿ΢Щ⣬ЩѣԴڻ԰ҡ棬Ŀ
ʱΪԼһ磬Ϊĸ߲̫⣬ǵһ˫İĦͷʼգʱ֪еˡ
ס˫תȵڣôˣ
ڴһվյЩıˡЩ̽ʵҿǳˣ
ǲܾˣ
һϵĵû˯ţʱԺΣжڵ
֪ܵвʣһ뵽˲ôˣҴҳЩȥ
ΧߴŹˣ̫Ůæһֱûš
ŹڵЩ´ֱӽɣұͷʹ㲻ˡڵǵǲǺܲȥ̫ҽ
ֲŵһͷʹ˵۾ڹڵϣͺá
ûһ˿̴ζŵˮǼǰܲпԡһ뵽˴ǲԾ
૵ˡ
Ц²ҪڵļͺãЩӦģҲġ
ĦеĽ滺񾭣˫ֵһֻҪߣܻһְƽĸо
֪ΪԼ˵ǰĦЦЦ͡
һιеһԵ㶫θǷԵĶ
ЦǰŵĻˣЩʱҪ
ڲ˼˵ֻǽ軨׷ˣҪǳ׼ܰѳʳøѡ
ʲôһʵˣԼ˶ûУ
Լ۲⣬ЦõӵȻǳ˵ġ
ЦҳԵ㣿
Цŵͷһһ飬ûþͰѸˡ
ζζɢҲź
һֻèƵ˫ֻڹڵϣǰεǰ·
ܵ彩ֱһ£˲ͷѾȾ˺ε˫ֻʶĻסΪƽûƿغöȥ
ƽմ·ûпû뵽ڵϸЩϸŶ
ЩʧϸѲϲĻҶһЩ
ǰΪԼһ仰Լöŵ˶Щݸһ㶼ԼҪǵͷԷؼҾͻѼʽĳԶֱԼΪֹ
ɵ
һֱֻҪҪܾԼĲá
ϴԼֻڱԹ˰Ħղ⣬Լɸһɵϱȥѧ
·ֻҪԼҪ᲻ƴ۵ϣֻҪԼĶԾջ
ĿŹڣḧ˿͵ڶһЩһЩжһĺãֻҪڶá
ںٿôӣȴƵȾ˺Σ׵·Ⱦ֬һȾˣһʱ䶼˼۾
˵ΪüݣΪԼζܴ׵Ժܴ׵һңչ˺Լ
Եһϸ»ңǱ˵ҲһЦ֮Ĺˣ벻⡣
ǲһԼȻҪĵġ
Ļ֮вδ֮Уھ͸ĵĻӦǡüİɣ
˾ҪĵĹڴδôϵ˵ֻҪԼͺõĻʶľԼĽΪҪĵķ·Ưڿеëǲ̡
ڶǰδйĳƺ
ǲǴΪ׽ˣ
ܵڵãҲķΰԼȫڹڵĻУŶԷľĵİĦڶ˵Щ°ɣڹжûĹ¡
Цʲô͵ģ
ѡڶĹ²ƽվⷲ˵Щ֮Ĺ°ɣ
Цû뵽ѻЩȤ֪ߴû
ߴǲ֪͵汾Ƿһ
Ц
һС߱˲ɱҺõõһͯȡܶԺСɾҵͯתСͯתΪŮҩ굱ѧͽ
మС߹Ѻ׷¡
µݺ͵ͬС죬ֻԱתһ¡
ʵǷ淢ӣ
Ц棬຦֮Ǳ㲻ˣܵ˾һǽܲˡֻСίʵ̫ص˵ƭ𲻴󡣡
ЩʵһʼʵԸ棬ܽܶԷߣ
ͷϲܽܣֲ컯ߵܣʵǱҲáڶǷܽࣿ±ӵĻǺⱲһ֮С
ڿ϶ĵͷֻҪǰҵȻܽܡ
ɵϡ
Щʵǰһ췢ʵûôã޺ǲǻң
Ƭ̵ʵܶŮӶϲǰʵҴδ⣬Ҷϲϲֻ񲻵òһЩ
֥峺ʵڶʵ׾֮»㣬𣿡
һû뵽ͻȻôһʣͲͬĻش𣬿ǿ峺۾ô˵ƭ֮ʡ
ҿ۾ֻŵĴڡᡣᣬȴΪ϶
סΪԵЩϹڵĶૣ¡
ΪǶסˣԭ۾дЩ㯣˶˼ɫ˿ȥ쳣͡۸ӡ
ɵڵͷڶҪԱ¶ֱ顣ȻһԴ׵ġ
ڴʱΪǸﻹκģֻ˵ʶĵͷͬ⡣
͵ǰ鲻Ǻ˳ͬĸʵһҽܵ˾ڶڶ涼ǼΪŻܡ
Ϊ׾Ҳŷ֮ûԱ֮˹ݣҲŷֵĸʱȻͲˡĸһ׺ⷽѰĸһõĸԼĺӡ
ҲŻ²ĸѡ˱ȻСԱ֮ġ
ĻɫԽԽ԰ףڽЩʲôȴֻĻһ䣺Բ𡣡˵仰Ժ·ȫȻĿŵ档
ΪʲôǸ
Բڲá
ӣҲǵճΨһһӣ״СͰδҪϸҪӼĵȻҲ漰ΧֻЩ֪һ£ǰһ¡
֪ԼŪˣӶӦǸŮϲĻӣᱻɣ
нʹ̧ͷҿı飬ֻԭס˫ֽץס·ץסһԸ֣·Ͳ뿪һ
֪Щ˼ǲǱֻ֣ڲĽղţˡϵĽնͼԺķˡ
о˫ֿһԺ˵Ҳſ˱޴ľΧ淢ްʧȥ࣬˶޴
ûгƬ̣ھ͸оԼ쳣ůĻͣһһ
㱼ߵĺ庢Ӱૣ˵ҵڶãĶĶã˭Ȳϡϸоůġ

ѭȥЦĵĿԼһʱ˵
ûԼǾ仰ôķӦѾԵĽ˱䲻֪ͻȻӦô£Ժǲϲұ㲻ʣĪҪġ
ڿвĹĺͺСûвʱоɢ˴롣
ڼеĽ͵ڲƭֻһֱദԽԽ˵ѲϲϾ͸ġ
ɵϡڵıǼ⣬ֹȥҪ˵Ļ
ΪԼǫ塣
ڵԽбԽһԽ飬֮ͬụྺżȴǸӷ
Ȼ
֪ǹ̫ԼӵộϾϳΪҲʮ֮һġ
Ľ͵һֱԼں󹬳󣬺֪ġ
κ֪ʶ绢ʵʲͭ塣
ֻû뵽վдˡ׵ضĸͨ׾ǳˡڶͷϣڶܹ϶ΣҸ˶ô᲻أмڶӦҺòã
ڼеʵʲô飿
ɫ粻ֹԺ·ôǻ粨ϣ϶Ը֪кܶ鲻˵ڣǲ˵Բ˵ǲҪƭҿɺã
ڼæͷãԶƭѣ
ЦȻ˵飬ֻҪһأӽԺҲƭڶ
ŮĵЦݡڵУӵһμ֪ĶҩĽҩⱻǣһ仰ͻ˵ķ·ƶˣһ仰Ҳ·ʮ˲
ӲҲӿΪ֮¡
ܵõӣΪ֯档
Ϊ
лҪ˵ҿһڶսƺʲô⣬̫ߣҾһų£


25

в¶һ, Ѿתѣ޵洫ˬζζ
ڤڤ֮иоػ, һ˯ð, л˯Ĳѡ
£ļڶһ, Ȼˣ
뵽˴, ŵһӾѹˣתϵһͷ
û
ܷܸɾûҵļ
ҲǱ, ȻôҲ뵽ҪеʲôʲôҲʰɾˡ
ĸһ, Ҳû쳣ĸ, ʲôûз
Ҳ, Ů磬ǫǫ, ҪǷ˵ʲôűȽְɡ
뵽˴΢΢һ, ת˲֮΢΢ʧ, ǿѹİֵīʵô£
ī, ˷ģ̫Ů̫̫۱˯ˣǹŹӰ̫Ůط޵ģūǿ̫Ů˯߶ţһ˯˯ڡ
Ǽ·ŵõϴŵˮ뵽˴ҲֵĺΡ
ڵĿʵǡأ
æ̫Ů, ʱɫū¹Źӻؼ;⣬ѾԸ˰ȫؼˡ
ĵĵͷǾͺáƬʵʱû˵ʲô
īһۣ¶΢Ц͵Źµ±нȳ̴㣬ʱ˵̫Ůͷ˰Ħʱ
˻оΧĿ·Ҫ࣬ͷϻհѹĴУ΢΢̵ڶ˵⼸ڲҪ̴ˣԺǵͨɵȡ
ŵ
ֲĹ𻨸ζСζҲУʱһЩ͵Ÿȥ£ɫŵҲһ͹ȥӻϲĶҲһһЩȥ
Ըãʱ䲻̣ʱȤŹӺø̫ܵŮ˷ϡ
ЩεȤұãڶǰ˵תī˼ϸ졣
ī֪ǶԹŹˣŵūúô
ĵͷ򵥵ϴһ£ͨˡ
۾Ѫ˿ҲЩûϢõģĵҸŸٺúϢ£ʱˡ
΢ЦŹūӦġ
Ц֮ʲô
л̫ŮɫЩصõһʼͰ˵ȿסˣݿڹѾ˺ܶ࣬ůҲҵһЩ֤ݣ˵Ŀ˿ˡŰĳ
üͷ壬ɫЩԸϵѾˮ档
һʵĸʣ
Źصһнչūر̫Ůˣδκ͸¶Ƭ̺ż˵ϵ걻Ϊټ˵Ѿ鵽ھǡ
ҡ촽Цû뵽ôɣ֤
ָǵº鸣죬ֹˣɵǻ
žӣ
ŵͷžӵů˪ӡ
Ժλ³д֮磬˵ԷȻžӵСģһȲ̫š
ֻǺﷱæҲûзˣû뵽תתƵžӡ
ЩζС
㿪žӡ
˵ʹͨŮݵ
ԻǷԸ񣬱·Ҫȳ˿ϼ֣СϲһϲЦտЩӡ
Ŵĺš㡣ѾߵƵĿ
˳ԵͷЦʲôǰԲˡ˵óһݸԵȳԿ˳˳
ҧŸ·ŵйһݺݵҧȥȥ׵ġ
ֻǳ˻ЩʧĿʵ㣬鲻ȫõΣ
֪ӽôˣԵһ˼𣬴ӲΪ׶ܣһתϰҲ˺ܶꡣ
˺ܶΪʲôӣȺӳֹֺӳˡ
ʵôֲý̵ֶ»麢ӣǳߵĻϸĽ̵ˡ
Ƭ̺㻹С֪䲻ȫ֮º࣬ǲȫһѡġ
Ҳȫ֮£
ԵС鶺Ц̥ǣȻҲȫ顣
׷ʵ׾£
ЩĿԣѾֻͷ֮亢ͯѾͤͤͬҲʼ
ǿԳģ˸ͬˣҲĵͷǡ˵Ǻ氢ԱȫԾľ棬ִ±ɻմ£ȫˣΪƫƫִ£
ĵͷȴĴ𰸡
Ц˽ԷȻҳҿ˵һΣһ˵õڶΣ˱ܵȱ˸ֹϲȨԼ
ڹ֮˶ɨǰѩܱ幫֮ģȥܲƽ֮£
λıΪ̫Ůǲ֪ˣ֪ȻҪһܵġ
ƺʲô˿ҪҪ㣬л˵
ʾΧȥʵ£
֣ڲʱԼһʱ벻Ȼ׼һȥҴ㣬ǻϺһҰ㣬˶ҵķ
ʱûȥˣ֪ȥʱ򿴵Ҳĸȥҿ鲻ԣ
ʹľԼӰ͵͵ĸ˶㣬±ֲҸ̫Զ˼˵̫ͦ
ֻǺ泳ԼԼΪΪ׾£ŭ֮¶ִ˴㣬´㶼û֣²ŻֵģûþͱΧҲȻȥ
ôһǲǰҰ飬͵͵뿪ԺҰˡ
εЦЦԿϢĴ󣬺ĿеһЩغһ
⹬йȻûһʡ͵ĵơ
ЦŶ˵֪ˣȥ飬ҵĺðԱԼҪǣоͿˡ
ЩĵѾˣҲ뱣ʽ㣬˵ȥҿܶģ
ůůģŮеִֺͼ֣ԺͻᱻĥɢһֱΪϧϣľһЩ˼һЩ
ɫԿˣ˵ðܶ飬ܲ˶ȥɣ
ǰǿĺܣвȻǻҰԿڵģ԰ԾͺúõȰϢɺã
Щɵʵģ
ƭ㣿
ùأЦãҵȰϢ
˼ԻȥˣߵʱСһﻹǵüй𻨸⣬Сġ
źնųЦ˼䳿ãȥžһ̽ͰѲ鵽ʵ֤ĸ͹ȥɣЩ»ҪĸʾϣڡЩȷͲҪȥĸˡ
ŵ
лҪ˵޵һ飬ۺͰ׷ͬˣȤԿ
  
Ụ̊Ը



Ժǰžˡ
չѾܴ, ֻҪٸ;ܶҲˣǲ֪һǷ˵
ԾĻ𵱳ִҪͱ˻ؼҵ, 
뵽˴ǲ, ֻû뵽תתһȦϵӾȻů˪, Һɲɾڶ㿪žӡ
ԵʹȻ
ϵ, ·˻̫࣬һյĹ㵽žӡ
ϴȥž³ײ, Ͱ˵Ļ߹Ŀžӵ߻϶ʶ, 㲻ʶĿǻб־Ҳ֪˲Ĺˡ
һӭ, 쳣ܵ, ĳˣҲ, ֻ˵ɷů˪һ
Ҿܾ, Ƭů˪ѳ֡
ů˪ū̫Ů
ů˪һ, ǸȾ֮, ֻβ֪ǲĴ˿ȥȵһμҪݲ٣뵽˴΢ɲһü
ʵһֱܲĲů˪òϾ֮ٺÿòҲʱ
ů˪ʣ֮һССžó
Ƕž֮ٻ˼ҲСĵɴҹ
֪ů˪, ĸǸϵС٣Ϊ֮󣬵СٻȵĶӣԴǴɡ
Ǵص㣬Ҫʱѹסɻ
뵽ϴμƺЩŵԷķЩض񣬱ϾҺů˪ϴҲʶ
ů˪죬һֱֵ֪볾֮ˣܼ̫ŮһĪĸջһôõһ죬ִӲ
ֻû뵽¸̫Ůֳǰ
ҡǵ
ů˪˸ûӣȻ϶ɬֻҪһ˿˿𣬱㹻ϲ쳣ˡ
ֻһ㶼ұֳ˼¶һĹˣöԷ
ů˪ն̫ŮֻǸ̫Ůƽ鷳ūһֱΣ֪̫Ů˴ūк£ů˪ϾΪ̫Ů
̫Ůžӣů˪ȻԴ󵽲²̫ŮרԼģȻʲô£Ǵ¡
Ĳת˲ţº͵˵û뵽ů˪˼͸֪ȷʵҪ˽⣬֪Եϻ˽٣
ů˪漰ϣһʱ侪ɲʻǾʵԸ棺ů˪ʮǰļģΪǼ洫ϰһֱЯ
ɻϰ᣿
ů˪ͷ˵ʱ֮üֻϰūĻУ֮¶ھ󲿷˶ôūһֱܽһֱ
²ʲô²ںδ
ϲҪ˵һЩϵ䷽˯ߣ㾫֮ġ²ᡭ˵һЩ;䷽
Ծ۾΢΢ȥŭ׷ʵ;飬ǣ𣿡
ů˪һ֪޲޲ů˪вδǴ֮еġ
°Ӧûڱסլλþڳ⡣ھصů˪ûʱҲȷ
ͷŵζů˪ŵһ£ȻҵרȻζв࣬ǱЩ̫ҽϹٵƵҪӽöࡣ
ů˪˿ԵЧҪһЩϲܸ̫Ůֻԭů˪ﲢûС
ҪĲдһ嵥ңҺ˸ƹȥһլһˣǷѰ²᣿
ů˪ȫƾ̫ŮԸ
ǰӹڵأī˿ɢϣ续
ֻ̫ڹˣ΢
ʵ̬ӦӦģϾ˶̬ȣֻ̬ȷů˪ЩΥ͸к̡͡
ĿӲӦ̬
ʹĽһ䣺£Ƣ˵жãҲ޹Ǩŭֻ¿ȥЩҵԴұȻл
л̫ŮֻҪܰﵽ̫Ůūĸ
֪ů˪һԺͱ˰ȫҵôܻأ
Ĵڡ
ֻǵ̫Ů˼飬һ̫ŮʧǺãֻû뵽̫Ůˡ
ů˪ڵϣı飬ܾõԼ˵仰Ժ˵տʼһЩ̫Ӳ
Ը˲ů˪Ϻͺů˪һϾլ
ϵľլʳǲԶһ˾Ѿ
լ滹˷źһңӦµ룬¼ȨȨ˸´к͹ˣڳЩʱв졣
լΪڷ˴ҳ
ΧֲֵﶼΪ˴˿ľΨһϰ̳ͩ࣬·Ų⣬ʺûκιϵ
ȻԵã±Ǩ
ů˪صɾǳãƬָֻ
Ͼ˲Żصļңʲô
ů˪ЩǸӡ󣬲ʱһʱǺϵһģֻǺ΢һЩŷֿģū˵ھլණʦͨûãӦûڴ˴
ͷΧ·ԸĴҡԸŪĶ
ŵ
ϾЩʵֻ֪ϻﱻ⣬֪Ϊʱ
ů˪Щɬů˪ʱѾȫʧֻΧ˵Ϊı˹ˣŻ³
ЦŰοЩʱȥһ¾ڣһ¾ǸʲôϾѾȥʮˣǲ̫ص»ԼЩ𡣡
ů˪мл¶䡣ԲǾ֮ͣǶů˪Բ֮
һӰһţƤֽŵ˹ţƤֽȻͼס
Ȼҵרȥ˼ΪϧⱾ飬ղصĵطҲ̫ǰյʱ䲻ͱӰҵˡ
ٶȵķ鼮ҪϢ
˴ϡ
ȷðٺϹӷ̶ͻγ˴ϡ
ӷ̶ɢζ
˴ھ٣־ģɽ겻ܽ
书ԽǸǿѪԽʢ˴ԺӦΪҡ
дžϵ䷽ָоԼŵζرǿӷҪ俪ϲЧůкܶ
ʵһֱɸɻ׾书˵书ҪĶ㲻ܱƳѹһҲǿԵġ
˴ҲͲ㵱ᱻǱ
õĹһ룬֮ǰûʵùٺϹҾͺů˪ڴ˵ص㡣
ů˪֪أ֡
Ϊڵٵԭů˪ָ޳鶯쳣ƹˮȴŶеĽ࣬ȥĿ
Ƭ̻𣬰㣬ӷѾˡ
ζŵʱ򲢲̫⣬ǲʱͻʲôṳһ
أǻģҲŻһ¡
Ȼůŵζ
ů˪ѯʵūǷҪڶ֡
Ƭ̺ҡͷˡ
ȻںȷϵڶǷǵůŵζһ־ֹЧ˵Ҷûг԰ٺϹҪ˵ڶֲ֪᲻ʲôЧԷһֻʱա
˵ʰһ£ů˪ͱһع
ŵ
ѱ棬е֤ݶָһˣǵҲȷˣ
˫ֽշΣʾʱ鲨󣬲ôҪȥԷһ棬Եɡ
ĸȨʮ꣬һֱƿУʮĺƽܶ˶ʼЩŮʵѪ
Ů͸϶ضؽ̻ĸʰж˭
ཻ鵽ϢĸҲӲȻҲϾ֮νײͬǴݻ򵥵öࡣ
ڲ֪ĸ֪˶٣ϾԼ鵽طοĸʡ
̾һϣĸʲһ֮ǰ黹תء
˼ʱͻȻԵӰһѣͬʱԵů˪ҲӰһѣΪ˲ŶӦʱһ֧˲
ʸλãһǸոһ룬šмıԼ
ԳɹһԺԷͷ˹ѵΪ׶
ʯ֮Աߵů˪˴Ͽ
õů˪ɶشù˺ֶӰԸǷ·ߣǱסͶҪ
ӰΧУԷӵΪְõӰɵͻΧ
Ȼû뵽ӰȥûùٴϮ
ڻ±ΧӰ࣬˫֮仹һ롣
һ£ԷôŵƳɹһ֣ϾֻҪԼŵ϶һʲôû˵
뵽˴ԭԷǳԼġ
һʼɱľԼ
ʱһֻּֿţ





Ϯĵ, ɵóڵ̻շȥȡ
ߵӰ̫Ůˡ
ɢӰԼ⵶Ͱɱŵ
˵ͷ, סů˪, ûµġ
ȻδϹսѧʮ, Եлһʤ, ܵṦȴһⶼûС
ʱĳͣĸԼ
סûµġ
ȽӰȥ, ׼뿪֪ո˳ſھͿƥ, һ䵽ƨ, °ĭȻء
ƥӰ, ˶ùʸȴС
ƥܾĴɢмƥܵʸҲһĵغ°ĭ
ʱ֪˭һ䣺Сļж
ע鿴ŷּͷϴɫĹ, Ȼж
, ͬʱҲ, ԶĹٵ, ұߺͨ򻤳Ǻӣǰͨʳǵ·
ͨʳǵ·ѱӾΪ˷ֹʳȡ
ϸ˵˽ʮӰսֹٶҼΪɹۣ⻹ΪԶġ
ӰѵĴһ֣
һ˵ӰǲܷɱԺִɱ㹻ˣҲΪʲôôҡĳη塣
Դ̿ʹɱӰܽѵľ񲿶ӡ
ǵ, 񲿶ӡ
ǰΧɱǵǧѵصľ񲿶ӣΪǼʸ涼жأҪء
δԼ뿪ʳûԶᱻӽɱ
Щ˼ȲǽҲǳӪˡ
Ȳ˵ͳӪĽʶ˵ǴǾͲֻǧˡ
ǸȨĸ͸ˣŮȨӵأʳ֮ڵȨάϵȫҲᳬˡ
һʱʵ벻ͨЩ˵״Ӻζ
ΧʵϤˮ𣿡
˻صᡣ
ͷãôұߡһ˺ɵұɱΧ
Է˵ͼҲʼұߺΧȻ൫ʤ书ǿٶȼȱڳɱȥ
ǽεάм䣬촽۾ǰעʱעܣԷٴϮεĽů˪δɿƬ̡
ů˪书ʱԵˣһֱů˪ܣ˿˿ˮմȾĶȴȻ
Χûκεɱźֻ֮лƤĦмƺ
ʱƣմȾѪ۾ҲȾѪۣȥǰѪһƬǰںƽ񱻵̫ŮüõǵһֱѪȵѪɱ档
ǾմȾѪҲδܵһˣΪΪһһӰǰ£Ϊ̳һѪ·ҲһȨѪȲб
ۿҪͻΧɹͻȻоһ⺮ëըʶһ£
תͷֻԼӰѾȻأԭԷľȻ˸֣ڹԼⷽʱЩͻȻ֣ӰʱƴԼŶһ١
ӰȴȻز
һӰûֻдŵġ
ڻǵõΪ˷ǸȡСߣСʱ˷·õǹĺϲлӣת֮ȴŶѪ˵ϡ
ǲҲŶʮ껪ƽռңһжŸոտʼ䣬ȻڴʱѾֹѾҲûԺˡ
һĹӰѹͽո˺ĿۿҪΧˡ
鼱һ˫۴Ѫɫ˺󺰣˷ع̫Ůع̩񰲣ƽѵҪð֮踴ɱԼݷعڶ֮Уڱľ𣿡
ΧľĻȻֻңߴ˽ʲôԷ̫Ůô죿
һĶˡ
űԷعĿű˻ʳΧûвԲŶĶԷǷعĹ
Է£֪ɱǷع̫Ů
յһǰͻΧκζԷڲĸڶ࣬һʱֲ¡
ʱ֪˭һ䣺̫ŮǶˣҪȥ׻л·𣿡
仰Χʿٴοɫˣɸոյԥתһ˿
ʱаæ̫Ů屣ֻ֤ҪǷ
Ϊֹ˵ȥԷɱٴΪǿеĻ
ۿҪϣѾó佣֪ӰѾ˺ܶ࣬ȦȻȱڡ
Ȼ֪ܲӹһ٣Ǳ޿ɱ֮£ܣӭѶϣʱҲֵʱ
ڵʯ֮һֱĬĬŵů˪ȻͻȻܵǰΪӦʱů˪ֻк֮䣬Ԯ
֮ΧӰٴΪⲨæůס˭ϵ鼱ʱů˪ȾȻŤһ¡
һɫͲ԰ʱŤζʲôԶ
ǰӣ׼ҧҧů˪һߣϾԷԼģҲΪԼǣⳡɱŶԷ롣
ɾʱȴů˪ȻЦ⣬ǺЦݼ綬յůͷĻ䡣
Цֲõĸоֻů˪ƺʲôĻУֻĴ̿͡
ů˪Ķ̫ȻϴμɱײǽľȻֻϴײȥײȴ޾Ԩ
æץȥʱֻů˪ϵһ鲼鲼ϻ¶ȣʱȴɢˡ
ů˪˼͸ѶҪߵ˼
һʼɱûųȥֻû뵽ܣһ·ػ
һ糾˼롣ȴδ뵽һȻŤȻΪ׸֮˻Ụˣο̫Ů
Ⱳӹˣʲôˡ
ɱҲûӾȻԼһʱ챻˵˺󼸲֮ľǾȻôŭһдҪ֮
֪ڴʱһֱ㽣ָŶֳܱȵ̫ŮɱҶϡ
Ǹɱֿ̫ŮĪֶһ£ִ·˺λõ
ҪĽƫ˼硣
ɱֵĽů˪壬ݵѾһȻεıס̿ͺò֣ȻǺĵڶ
ů˪Ŀ￪ϺϣȻǶڿ֮Ҫ˼ߣߣߣ
Ŀһů˪һѪƮȻ£˫ֲսָѴеƤ̵ֶѪ
ĽŲƬͣΪһˣһֱڱӰ
ôҵѪˡ
ֻǴ˿ҲеУۺļ뵽սȥ
ҲãҲãǲս
ů˪İȾ죬֪ԼмԸܵѪҺ̹ǵĺ䣬ֱɱΧŷſס̿͵˫֡
Ѿûˣǿĵġ
ΪЩõģٰ¡סһ̿͡
ů˪̰ĿıӰҲֻʱŸ޼ɵĿðĿ̰ѵ⡣
ů˪֪߳ˮ߳˿ɢ·Զɢ
á
ɱȥˡ
ֻҪܰȫعֻƶ֮ϵ
ż
ֻҪżԺȹСá
¶Բ֮ͣҳݣů˪ȴǺڰΨһ⡣



ͻưΧԺûһ, õһˡ
ΪԷ׷ˣǶԷֻ׷ᡣ
Ŵ, ζ, Ŀһ֪Ϊ˶͸֧ɵġ
мζ, ȻЩ﹫ӳ, ҵרЩͷѪ˵ȷʵ
ֻÿÿ뵽ҪʱЩȥˣŶԸĸ, 뵽ҧҧȥˡ
ʱһѻ䵶ȥ, Ĳ, ֪䵶˳ƿľ, һס˵ȥ·
֣
ΧҲжֵģΧİ졣
κһְ, һѾڸոⳡɱ֮ɢ, ֪
λΪ˱ԼȻദ, λĶ, 뵽˴΢
ʹ䵶Ķθ߳ݣΨһ¶۾޸Ļһ¶⡣
Է۾Ȼǵɫģ
ˣ
һֱǣ󹬣Щ񲿶ӱֳĶǷعʿôˡ
ֻһպɺϻǡ
һʱЩɲ
ʱӰ£Ȼסٶȳ룡
ԥĵͷá
˵껰ת, 䵶Ӽ׷ȥȴӲıӰͳ£̱֮ӰͳһѪ
ԷǶ֣ڶ֮Ҳʵǿᡣ
ӰͳȫʢʱҲδ֣οǿ֮ĩ
ӰͳǵѪݺݵĽŶԷְڣ֪ŶΪ֮Ϊ̫ŮİȫƴҲҪסˣ
Ӱͳ׼赲䵶ӵʱȻһתһѷĩ䵶ӵ۾ߺߣ
˶ǶֶԾҷġ
뵽ɱһǹ̫ŮȻֶΣһʱ˫һ¡
䵶Ӳ죬ĩ˲۾ƺߣȻС
Ƭ̵Ӱͳǰ񱼣νӵһʱһʱ
ԭȥǵů˪һҩۣʵҲȷǵʲôϾů˪ʲô˵㡭
ԭЩĩǵů˪Ժ󱻿ɧţԱģֻû뵽󷴶
֪Ӱͳ䵶ӺȥǸ¼ȨҲֻöһˣ˵ҩ۾Ҳ̫ܡ
ֻǿ䵶ӵķӦҩЧԼлҪá
Ǿ䵶ӱǣסˣ׷
رЩʿȻΪ䵶ӵԭҳƬ̺׷ɱǵ׷ɱŰһûһµƣԽΣ
֪˵ļ׷ɱҲԽ׷Խľ
ⳡΧɱǼƻѾõģԷԭþΧסǵʿٽнɱ
书飬Ҷû̫ڷϡ
һ˺ͽϰʦδ˿̫Ů˭֣ʢͣôӦд衣
ο˵̫ŮƽﷱæĵŮϲôЩʿһȥ䡣
Ҫ̫Ůһ֧Ӧòʲô£Ͼɱ˿ɱȾ˼򵥵öࡣ
ֻûϵλ̫Ů书ɫ˵ȻҲʼý
ҲԶԶ͹Ů۶̫Ů۰߶־һ־ʮˣȫѵ
ûƥ¾ȻҪɱΧ
ֶǴײ
ҪѵһֲֹҪСϰ츳ȱһɡ
̫ŮΧȻʮˣǷعǿʢˣλ̫ŮĸҪ
ûлͷ뵽˴Է¶ɱѳֲ۴ʲôλع̫ŮԲ
ŲƵ׷οЦ
ˣҪǱ۸Ҳˣǿʢڼſڱ׷ɥȮһĴӴʵǶˡ
Ǹ䵶ھǿ֪ĩܳŶá
֮ʱֻһӰԾ֮׷һֱȡ䵶ʺ
δôȵôĽ䵶Ȼ۾ǵǸ֣ӦݣҪǼͷԾһ
ֻǼͷϵһתۼ䵶Ȼںڡ
ж
ǼѪľ綾
ǷˮתǸոձжļʸ׷һת۾ѭˡ
Ǻӿ䵶нҲ׷Χʿ̹ȥ
Ӧò󣬲ھжǿж
ٶ㹻죬һѴ˾綾
ҪƽʱսֻҪûҪһս֮ġ
ӲҪĴ򷨣ֺݾҲҪڶԷϴһȻһӾͰ׷Ĵ̿ͻʮ֮
󲿷˱ײµľ㻹վŶҲûսɼ䶾
ӴӦǷعӰĪĸһϤУر˫ǳɫ۾
Ԩ
һ両Ժʱ󣬵ڱ䳡ȹԼһΣǵڶΡ
䳡¼ԭԨһѣԱ֮
Ҳ̫ԣһΪԨĸֱӰӪһ̫ŮУֱȥĸӰӪ±˹ݽᵳӪ˽
һ棬ڱ䳡˶ΪǶùǹͷģȻͲ˳ȥ֮ˡ
ԨʱʱĻǹעģС֮͡飬Ȼһϸ˵δлﵽʲôæ
ֻû뵽ǲʱԨȻӰӰӪĸͳ죬ٶ֮ν̾Ϊֹ
Ԩ˫ӥ溮˪һִʹ֮̿䣬ŭ
ֻһˣЩ̿ͺ;񲿶һʱ֮Ȼ
һĻʼΪʲô̶굱ǸͿôߵλá
ʱԨһڣƬ̼һֻѪ
ݣʸ¶һÿ
ԨٶȷԾǰȴ³ˣ󣡡
ΧӰ֪ԼҲͿԨ̫Ůһ
֮һֻξĲʵоյ֮ǰԼӡ
ȴѰȫϷɳǰվ
Ȼ滹Ǵ׷ɱ֮˳ڱܵܲӮƥģûжþͱ˦ں棬ʧ
һʱ䶼ûȻıĻ˹ʻе͵ллǣ
Ԩ̫Ůأ·£ûµġ
ԷĿˣԷעҲȻӰϡ
ټӰǸҪҪѡ
ʵǿҵ̻ԹԮģ
ԨƬԺͷǡ
ԨĻ࣬ټϸոս꣬Ϣδȫ˿̻ɢϢʵУɫһֱƫ԰׵İ𪣬ϻ˿˿Ѫʵ
Ҫǻ˿ʱԨҳȴһĪİȫС
ķƤͿʼճһ
һˣڵĻԼ˯һӦǿԵİɣ
뵽˴Ҳı۾
֮ʳԽԽֲ·ʱƥûѡʳǷһ·
ţ
ôоֵֹģ
֮ԻδתƽŻǰԲŻԨӦû¡
ǵ紵ѹٴ۾ʱ̫ѾҪɽܻһƬƥڼС
һ˾ȫˣ²⡣
ѵ;ֳʲôʣ
ѵԼԨˣ
ѵ
ѹЩЩ̽˾䣺Ԩ
ûӦ
ֺ˼䣺ԨԨ
˾ûӦ
ЩתԨ˫Ŀգϲ԰ֽԭͲ촽ǰ׵͸ԭ֮˶Ѿû֪ˡ
˴һңæȥ̽ԨȻǻš
һã˻ţֻǻ˶ѡ
ո̫תʱ̫ʹԨ˫ɿ˾Ȼ޷Ĵˤȥ
˾ŵεѣæȥԨ
ǽס
ˡ
ѧԨƥ߿ڣȻûʲôãֵҰʧڵƽߡ
˴һ΢ƺߣѾû˼ȥˡ
оԼУæ鿴ŷԨĺһ˿ڣ֮⻹һڲУϸдССü˿ڡ
ڲ鿴һṦѪѾȾ׵ۣȥĿģԨǿ˿ڵѪ϶סˡ
Ԩһֱһ£ɫմȾѪɫҲǿġ
ȻƲģƤֱ˰ö࣬ǳֺ¶һ˿Щʿ嵽Ҳʶľ;ԨǿԲġ
ǿҲǸˣǸꡣ
ܵԨϢЩңѹеĲͻңİԼָòԨڣס
ڹķǹ͢ǻ岻ãߵƽͳڹķܹ
׷һԨ͸ܵԷһƹ֮Ĵһ¡
ԨڹٳɵĹٶǿ죬в߻ħ
ڱΣǲС߻ħײһغ
ҧҧ͵Ԩ֮λסµһһ˳Ԩ塣
亹仮ԨʱѾֽ



깦Ԩ԰׵͸·ҪɢɫϻָЩѪɫ, ȻѾƽ
һ, ʱסˡ
ʱüΧ, Χǰ˸ߵҰݿȥЩֻԶһЩеСɽ
Ұȥﶼһ, Χһ־Ʒû, ϲʲôط
ǵûþ˴ɱ̫Ѿɽˣ
Ҳ˵ʱ, ƥ˯ʱĽų, ǡѾһˡ
뵽˴ͷʹ, Χʵ̫, ҪֱߵĻܶԽһǳˡ
ڵǲĻᱻ׷ɱϾɱֶҵõ, ľҪˡ
ڵûҵԼ
Ԩ˵̵, ֿ̫Ҫɽ, ޳û, ȴҸطٴϵ˿ڣ
˵ԨüͷûӦ
΢Щʧһ¸ԼͶСıԨ
ŮŮ൱ֳ䣬Ϣʱָ٣ԨȻЩ, ⲻ
ҲԨõһ·һ·߶߶˵ŻǾʱעܵĶ
ʵЩµģһ˼һԵԨڻҰ
Щʱʱĸܵ紵ľЩһЩҰлŪĶ
ƬҰĻﲻֵֹٰĶ£Ǹµֻɽ߶ʲôģ뵽˴Ųּӿ˼֡
ͬʱҲעΧֲ뿴ܲһܹģϧʶֲûм
ʵѾԼˣΨûкúѧϰҰ
һֱ̫æˣοһֱźţžҰҲᱻչ˵úܺãȻҲûķ˼ˣ֪
ܵеüΪĶӣε̾һ
ˣžӶóԣڳ㲻ھûˡ
彿úܣ񲻹һûԣ˶
Ҫ֪͸óԱϴŵġ

ǳԵ⡣
Ҫ֪͸ᱻ׷ɱ
ù׾͸תˣһյĹȻҵ˸ɽ
ɽ̫󣬵ǰ˴´ࡣ
漫ΪůȷʵǸõط¾;ҹˡ
һЩĲݣһ̺õܿԨ˴İ˰ڸɲϡ
תЩ֦ӣôʯ˰
ҹֲĵط˻˲ͲôֲůڵĻɽʹ˶ůһʱҲͲҰɧš
ҲǸܵůʱԨҲתѣ۾֮ã˲ɻҵľĴѰңֱŶֻﰵ˿İӿһתš
˵ˣ
Ԩƺʲô˵ǲ֪ΪʧѪ໹ʲôԭһʱһ仰˵Ϊ̫ŪԼϢԲֹ
İ𼱣˵
ǵʱˣ֪ƥǴʲôطĻҰҼû׷ںܰȫ
ĻƺİãرԨްʱ˶ͻЦˡ
ʵԨЦǳǳעѲ⼫ǳЦݷ·ǵصԨĺһڿһ㣬֮ײ˾޲ѡ
һӿסˣЩεתװԡ
֪ʱԨΪʲô飬æȥΪһͻȻ̫֧ͣˤ
ԨûγİˤҪðںֱ룬붼ûæȥˡ
³ͻȻһʱ䲻Ǻܺա
ǷסˣǷ֮䲻ܵԷ¶ȣĿԣϢ໥ֱ˴ˣһʱ˶Щסˡ
һֳǽ棬һֻסԨıӴǽ棬۾Щ˼Ԩֻİ˷Żزݵ˵û£ֻǿѡ
֪Ԩ⻰ʹ˷ģԾɸоĿ⿴ԼһʱĻһġ
תƻˣ֮ǰ֮ûиȡڻԳԲҩһѰ˳ѪֹչʾΪȡһ̿𣿡
ǿģҩ˵ġ
Ԩܴ̫ŮƺϲЦ
뵽˴Ԩ΢΢ϹһƽʱԼĶȻЩӲǺÿý
ͬʱ˫ǳɫ۾͸Ŀ϶գһ£ھԼܱķʽ֪Լû£Եġ
ĪľԨ˫۾ɫͫȻЩС̫
ԨڵлϲԨʶġ
ʱ˺Ͳħʱ򿴵־ֻҪ־ʤӵö࣬Ҳˡ
æӻͳһ͸ƿһҩҩһƿھɢҩ㣬ɼ
ҩҲûгԹŸͷСûˮ԰ҩֳɼιԨ̷ҩڼʡ
ԨҩŵĻһ֡
ӲԨĺˮȴյʱҩЧѯʵҿʼˣ
Ԩǳɫ۾ٴο϶գգ
ͷҲɣԨİ뿿Լ˺Ԩ·
Ϊʱеã·ѪôЩճС⻹ǻŪ˿ڡ
浨սľģɫԣȻᣬϤ̶ȵļԽԽ졣
ѲѪֿ󣬴˺˼鲼Ѫۺҩҩ˿ڴȻ
;Ԩûзһ
ЩĶԷεˣȷϵĿһۣԨǴսЦԼĪľͰ
ֻһطˣűڴĵطҲѡһֵĵط
ûдҪǺ
ȻʺСǰγȥѪֹĻ
ƺǷĳɣҩѾָԨҲµģΰɡ
΢Цá˵Ȼѷڡ
һʱѪע׼æԨѨֹѪҩһǳɡ
Ѫֹס˸˵Цûˣûˡ
ԨͷæһϢѾ£ϻغҹġ
ԨŸոеѪɫΪ˶ѪɫẰҹæ˵òã壬ʲôԤлҰҲ
Ԩƺ˵ʲôװ
񽻻㣬Ԩƺ֣ᶨ°ˣŵ
Ԩ˯ȥҲ׼˯һϾҲڵüˡ
ȥԺ߶һ£ұ߶һ¡
о
ٷоǲԡ
һֱڵҹû˯š
ʧŶ
ԺͻȻֳһϱͯ¡
һӭȢһĹǰ˵Ĺ
Ϊ˼٣Ӿһ취
ڶ˯Ƿá
һ˵˯÷ǳãһ˵ȫû˯ãоЩʲô
ԭӸλĴϵ˶ʮӣһ㶹
湫Ǿǲ㶹Ĺ
Ӻ͹
СʱһͼǵǹжôĴˣΪôеˡ
òһʵʩ
ʧˡ
òУ˯ڶǸоﲻﲻȫ˯š
ҹܳ
лҪ˵ʮǰ



ҹʵ޷ߵֻñĿ, ;˻ڹӲĳŵ
΢Ԩ˯Ĳڰ˯ûг, ڻЩľûȼ, ˸̽
һԨ۾ˣ۾ã֮⡣
ʵԨ, Ӱʱ֮, ǻԴ˯ֻǸ̫ܵŮĿԼ۹Ȼû, ʹһֱ۾
˶ƾԼΪľ飩飨壩, ѡһ·ȥ
һյĹȻѰһٵ, ʱת
ò, ƥûɭɽ߸ϰ
˳Źٵһ·ǺţøѰԼѶϢ
֪ǲΪʱ̫ԭ, һڹٵ˽һʱûпӰ
̧ͷһ, ̫Ѿȫˡ
߲ԭ·ɽ, ׼ط̽
һ·ϻûпʳõֲʵ֮, ǺôץֻҰãʳʱˡ
źþöûгԿˣԾ̿ˮִȻȾĶ㿾ζӦҲɣ
һ֮û߶ҵϪˮѾһɤӶЩɳƵæˮ
ˮʳԨƺЩȻ֪Щֲܳ, ӿǲΪʳ﷢ˡ
һԱߵӣʢˮ׼ûȥԨȣϧûˮߣȻһˮ
˿СϪ㣬ץģǿ˿ˮͷ󣬹ϴɾҲûͷˡ
ϴɾԼҲ򵥵ϴһ¾սƷɽȥˣϾԨˣҲҶ
һصھͿԨŽӣǿ䱸˲䱻ȡ֮ûڣǵȸ
ԨæӹĶ²ãŻ̫Ůĥѣ̫Ů𷣣˵ԺѾڵأصߵס
ԨҹѵʱѾϣټעûмһֱδõµ̫Ů䵽ôǱľء
ȻЦãҲϴĺۼǷϵıʯ䣬ڲסڣһһҹδߣ
һմȾϴѪգǷˣƿأ
°Ǳ˺һ飬һġ
µĿϻбľҵĺۼЩط϶ѻƣ涼ܿѩ׼ϵĺۡ
Ƕ˾Ȼ̫Ůȥ̽ѰʳԼȴɽϢ
ԨԼѴ̣̫Ůģô̫Ůػ
뵽˴Ԩߵȴæֹʲôú˵
һٲĿɿڴģϻúõģôͻȻ̬Ⱦͱˡ
˳Ԩ˿ԼǺ˵㣬һʱʲô
Ŵط鷳購һס
ʱ룬ľǲͷʱԼЩ֮͵飬˵սľһΪԼüΪӣҲͲȥˡ
ʱ룬ܾЩ˵̬ȣԼԽԽ
Цߣ滺֫ԺԨƽӵ㿴һⶼûУ˵̫̿ͣһҪȥֿϢһⶼûУΪ˱ҵĲԣ㲻Ϊ𡭡
̸һԨŵ֪֪ӺҪģҪǿĻ˼𽣾ʹǸǺð
Ԩæ͵ūζԵ˴治֮£
ͷ˪ãǾͲҪԼˡ
ԨһٿƣҲ֪Ч١
ֻ˪۾Ǿ´Щʳɣ
ЦãǵöһЩˮСϪܽʱȥȡˮõˮԴ
Ԩȷʵ֣ûжþժЩֲϴɾӶһ𿾣ЩϵãһŵΪˡ
ʵζ佱һŵ֪ӱȻζпڸǲǾԼһԡ
Ԩʵ˿ʼʱԹζδ˾ĳԹԨ͵ӰܳζصĶմȾζ٣οӰܹţοǿڸ֮
㻹ôóԣ
Ԩ΢Цһ԰׻ǰ׻ƻһֱԲӡ
Ц׻Ʒζߵģ
ʵ׻ûб֪øɱѪպõЧõöࡣ˵Ԩ𿾺õ˺ȹĵݸ̫Ů
ԨյüãǱ⽹۵ģȥʵعζķθڡ
˵֮ǰӦûȴ˿ɿڣ˵츳ʵһ㡣
˵ԨнҲ˺˸ȸԨһԣ˾ͲóˡԨЩ𣬽ҲǷҲǵֽ䣺˲ң԰ɳ԰ɡ
Ԩŵ㲻ײıлл̫ŮΪӰһҲ⣬Լ˭Ҳֶ֪ನӿ
ϸ۲ͻᷢԨԶӼΪϣһһڵƷȥҲֻ̫̲û̫⡣
ͻȻʵζô㣬᲻Χޣ
ԨҡҡͷΧ޵ģȥʮ·ӰӪһӪΧͱɾˣ̫ŮڹٵµĺۼҪ˶þͻᱻֵġ
˵ôҪ˶ǾͻþȣִӻóǸƿϿ˯ûҩڸպóԡ
֪׼ƿȴԨסֹ̫ŮҩǾʥҩһܰѵһ´ӹŹˣ˷ѡ
Щô˷أﻹ㵣һ˵²ӦǱһһ
ԨЦĽ͵ǻƽǸûʸôҩģ˺ܶ࣬µֻʱ⡣
ɵô棿
˵ŲĸԨȷʵƽ೤Ķ࣬ƺ͡
ûаͿԨһѪͲŵ˵һ£˱Թȥˡ
⡭û£
æԨ壬ԭ֮ǰԨʹýľҴҲޣΪҩκ˴룬ҲȻָˡ
ټѪƳ⣬ûѹƣ֮ǰΪʹý߻ħȻֿʼײԨŻڳײ֮½˳
ֻ߻ħҵô˳ģȻҲô߻ħ֮ɫˡ
Ԩ𣬶ͷ¡
ΪʹԨԼҧڶѪ
Ԩԭͱټ񱩣֮ǰԨľʱ˾ţ֮˳Ԩָ롭
Ȼҩҳԣ֪ЧôþӦֻģҽҲû˵
֪ҩרΪƵľҩʵƽͣ޾ȻôԶõ߻ħȻ޸ܡ
Ƭ̼ԨһѪֻѪҺںڣʺ죬ȥĿġ
֪ٲʩȵĻٲξˡ
Ԩ֮Ժ֮䡣
ȻԸϣԨЩ̬ġ
һ׶Ϊ
һΣվԼ
ԼյĻ
ҧҧƴˣ
ȾȾȣ
еҩʵڲоͳ԰Ŷһ¡
뵽˴ٲ⣬ھԨ建롣                        
лҪ˵㻹һ

31

һܳ, ܵѪɫĺɱ
һϲҲд, ΧĹҲһȥ, ûֹͣɱ¾Ѿ۵ֶڲ̧ȴòӭжϡ
ʱһӴ, ۿҪ
ʱһֻһҧˡ

һӾʹо, ۵ϤϤ˹ĵ񣬶ԼϵѾˡ
ŵǵʵ¿ˣˣȺȿڰɣ
ոѾЩ, ·ΪѹסеһʱҲ˲ðĿɬµµĹȥ
̽ٺȵˮ
ֹЩˮ˵۽Ӳſʼѹ
޿û˵ĵȤ󸣴, ֻ΢Сˡ
ļ޴ҵԼ, Ѿǰ֮, 񿴵ֱ۾Ȼǵʵô£
æ͵޿պӪӵӵ̻Ԯ, ǸʱѾ뿪, ǿ˽ֲܵˡ
ϵЦѾ, ǴЩ̵ѪСû, 󲿷ѵҶѾץʣ¼׷ЩѾնǵϢȱ´ºŸǵѪһȫٸֻڶ
޴ССʱǺĸ켣ãСС;Ѿս, ɱأһŮ书ϵĵһ
һ򲻴ȻҲǺ˱ȡ
ǺޱǾǡΪ˴С浽ȻȻľ͵˱ߵְ𣬴ݲܵ˺
ҵ֪Ѿ˯һһҹˣŮ֪ŭ
Ů۸ṩ֤Ѿ֤ʵȫǴŮΪǣµȫȺ䡣
Ȼ
޵ļҿˡЩ¶ɵʵˡôˣ
ųӰͳްֻⱲӶû취ýˣͳѾʮӰ˹롭
ŨصıȫᣬǼ˴ʵĸã˵ĺúƣٶľͺúðúá
ӣӰȫǹ¶޸ĸŵᣬ¾ѾڿɢȴصĻϡ
Ǿͺúúᣬ﹩λ֡ʵů˪Ԩôˣ
ŹĻشԨΪ˳øѾް˯ů˪ѾȻˣǻڻԵѶ
Ѷ
ÿһ˶ҵľˣȻڲö˶˵˵ĻõҪҲҪҴӹŹذ
ŵ
һʻתۼɢֹоֹķŭ
˵֮Ѿ´·ŻæţҪȥ̫ҽԸҪϢ
޲ͬĳ
ҪȥԽ
ҪΪ
ҪΪȥֻع
źֲľɿˣЩڴ¡
ҪȥŮҲֻǵ㴩·Ե㶫ȥҵҪû˳ıӵҲҪɱ㡣
¾ڻʳ֮ڣȻǼõģΧҲ
ͷ˵㶫׼ţֻȥױ̨ϻ˸޶Ŀױݣȷһ˿˲źһš
ֻǸո̤ſھͿԪСһͮͮԲƺʲôҪ˵
޿һ۴Ȥ㡣
ͷֱȥԪʲô£
ڼȥ£ټϴ󲡳̬Ȳá
ӵԪЩµһԴ͡ǡ
ԪƬ̶û˵ȻüǺܽһ˵
ԪʱŷҪţæÿͷǣ̫Ů
޳ˡ
Լǰδе
֪кܶ˶ڹ˶ڵſЦܶ˶
ƫƫЩԸҪúܺã˶ã
Ҳ˴УΧԱ³֮˾Ȼ̫Ůһ˵̫Ụ̊ô˴£
³˸Ƭ̡
಻ŭ˲ֱӡ
ԭŮ߷һӱ˾ŷ֣Աǿʱǹмӡ
΢Ŵ¹ԱŮ׾Ůһǣ̫ŮɱȻˡ
ŹԱҲһνֵط
Ȼ˵ϺãǲûеʪֻխһЩ˸оЩ
Ůη棬Χηûйˣ֪ǷֹʽϢݳȥʲô˵
Ůϸɾֻ࣬ǻ¡
Ͼ׾¼ѾĴɱǣ㣬ڳ顣
Խʱ¶ת˲ţʱε񣬾˲Ҳ׽ˡ
ԽЦ̫Ů硣
ʾԱº޽ηЦʽһ·չˣȻҪЩʽʰֻЩɻ̴ʽ㡣
Ȼ˺飬ԽȻҲٸ̫ŮݳЦ̫Ů״ϻ쳣Խûʲôܹ̫Ůġ
ڹԽ̬벻Сաбʢ
أԽɫ䣬رһֵʱԽһԲסʲôǶûгꡱ
Īˣ겻ʮţҲδꡣ
Խǿװ򶨵ô֪ʢ
Ц˵Цˣ˶֪һעѪף˵ֻǸģǺôǴĺӣȻעһ
֪Խһֱѡֻ˶ӣŮ
ʵͺ˸Ůʢ߰꣬ȴһֱûнӻظУʦһӦȫ
ʱΪԺȣݣ°Ѻӽӻظг⣬˵ֱʢ꣬ҲеŮǺλʵ̫ͣһݼ͵ŮڸҲλΡ
ϾǴļ£Ե֪Ϣʱδ⣬æһ
ϸ˼֡
ŮδضǺô뷨
οմ绢Ĳ⺢ԼҪûֻǣҲδĳһɱŮΪĸ
ԵеָʽʱΪԷһͺ˿סʢδ뵽Ļõһ졣
Խŭ㵹ô
޾ĺɱԱ֮ʩܱɱãߵܱɱãҲǡ
ԽֻҪ㲻Ҫ֪ʲô㡣
ЦǾҪҵĴǷ⡣˵ֱʵΪʲô֣
ԽΪʲôΪ˻Ȩ֮ϵǸλá
û뵽ԽشôֱЩļʣôرڻʳΧģ
ǰɺܶʧӵʳǣҽʩҩҽ񰲶ڳׯΪûлʳǻԸ뿪ԭסصģԸû֪Ұ
Щĵͷȷʵߣôʽκרɴ̿ʹɱң
Խ⻰ŭת죺ԩң̿ȷʵȥˣҹԽٻҲ뵽ᡣ
Щɻĺ޶һ۵۾ʹ䵶ӡ󣿡
Խ϶ҡͷı죬ʿôҪô֮ˡЩɻʵɱ֮ˣ
ͷԺ˼̿͵װԱԽˡ
ʵ˰ѵʿ
Խ˵һ޶ӵͷʱһ飬ʽǻʲôʱ˵ϣôҲҷع֮ڲǣ֮ս
ԽĵͷҼȻ˵Ķ˵ˣ㲻˺ʢɣ
мɻ˵ȨΪʲô׾ʽ㡢ͬʱ֣С߻ôСﰭˣ
Խ·ʲôЦЦˮЦֵǻʹ㣬ʲô׾ϧ;ˡ
ʹںλߵˣҲǶŮĸ
ԺԼ˵Ͷִ֣ŵʵǻʹ
ǰմŮļƻʹŮ̫ŮȾʵˣôŮҲǣһβҰٴã˭ỳʼǷʵ
ŮȷʵݶĳɹԺǾסҲһӰѶŮŮĸλˢȥ
ʣµҲΪ˵Ů̼ͥŮһ߻ŮȷʵŮʤҪöࡣ
ŰԼĲ²˵ʹ֪ļƻܳ׾ͰѡˣһĻԱŻ׾ʽңʽӦǲ֪ģԺܵĸִۡ󻹶ִһ
ԽɫüЦԭ£Ⱦ̫Ů֪۹֮£ʵ϶ǲ֪»ǹƲϵ˭ȷأ
ЦǴʽ³ɣƳѾ߶˵ǿûʹݺų²ߣĺһ˵ף˵֪¾ٱʽԼΪյߣҪͶ˻Ǻ׵ģϾȭͷϡ
ǸɲɴվͿʼġְʲôɫ
Խ˵ɫ䣬ΪԼ㾡û뵽ֹһУɱţǰŲӹ׷ɱžͰѵĸʽ̳츳
Խ֪ȻģʵһƬ
ĽǶȲ²ģû뵽ÿÿһ¾أЩɲԸϡ
ŵıʵУûôĸʻжģ
ģĸֻΪһģԽдŰ˵ĸĴ㣬ĸǻϸĽ̵һٴ
ŭţĸǶƫǾˣĸҲûпãǴʽֵɣ
ԽʵûпҸôô
һʱ侪ɲԽ֮⣬ôĸйϵ
Żʼһʱ䷴ȥԽΪ֪飬ȻҶ֪ȻҲͲ˵ʲôˣֻǴЦ
һ⣬ĸ񲻹ʮǴﶦʢԺ󻹻СˣСšСʮܿ϶ǶȥܵõǸλã
ԽϸֱɫͻȻЩЦԭ㻹֪Ҳ㲻֪ģſϵӷ·ǶԵõߵĺӡ
ڹԽҪ˵ʱֻ洫ܹܸ΢ò̫Ů󲡳ҲˣǻȥϢһ£˾͵ǰ
΢Ů۽źˣ൱ڳĵλ
˵ڼҹΪ˵ã޶һۣĵһ˿ûвҲ֪˶ã˶١
֪ĻĸʲԼ֪ġ
ò΢˵ܹ˵ǣҲЩˣ֮Ͱܹˡ
΢̫Ůūġ

32

, ǡ
ʵҲ¶һ⣬Ȼƿ, ǶԺ󹬵Ķǰղ㡣
κ׾¼, Ȼʽأ֪ʵ١
ʹ, Ҳʽһġ
á, Ҳò׼дɻһУʱһһ롣
ĳ֪Լ֪, ô̫ӦǶ֪һЩġ
֮ǰͶŮռϷ磬ʵֻ֪˲, Լǿһˡ
һֱ֪ԼǱĸƫĺ, ⵹жϻ, ĸʵƫʵ̫ԡ
²ĸһֱǷǵĶҡԼλ
뵽²;һ¡
ĸԼΪԼȷ֮Ů
ΪԼĲŸɻǱŻһֱȷԼ̫Ů
˴ͻȻ뵽ǰһЦܶǮ˼±ϲԼ̰ͼԼǮ, Ϊ˻Ҫȥװ
֮Ա, ͦ򵥡
, ۵ʱ򵥴ľҪָꡣ
Ȼϲ˳Ե, ۺĺϼ
һӣĺüӷ
ˣӷ
ۺϣӷ
̫
鷳һ, 

һۺϷ֡
ֻһٷֵĻЩʮ־ͿԽΪ£ЩȴҪʮ֡
ʵԴܶﶼôֻ֣Ǻܶ˲Ըϡ
Ȼ󲿷˴ֶǶ˴֣ϣϲԼǴԼ
ֺγ
˵ʽѾŻظˣε˵ǱݺǶӰ첻ν
ոտʽһʱ䲻ȥʽ㡣
ָоȥҪġ
ЩҪȥ׾ˮʯ֮ĸѾΪ׾ǲ֪ΪʲôȴҪңƹŷ
ĸȥȰһΣκ׾ѾֻںһƧĵط׾޷𡯡
ǸӻңԤַ֮·֮С
Ҫȥӣ޺׾ûʲôֶв㣬عԺ˱ֿˡ
԰СλǺߣ徲徲ЩƫԶ
ǰһܳľסĵطֻǹˡ
ֻǵԺӵĴӴž֪Ϊʲô׾סˡ
׾æȥӭӡ
ɫЩ԰㲣黹ƽͣδľ״̬ѾǼˡ
ıֱֱͦģκε׺һɫ·ԵЩ
׾Ȼд񣺡л̫Ůϴˢԩ֮
۱ôҲǳ׾Լæ׷׾
κ׾ִӲһݵס
ھûָ٣Ȼһʱûֹ׾ֻЦ׾ˣġҾղֺҲ˻ֵġ
׾İʾÿɷҡҡͷ̫Ů˵Цˣ̫ŮԮ֣ǳ檻һϴˢԩ
׾һڲûеκѬ㣬ֻ⵭ĲľȻζ
׾ΪԼݲ裬ˮ׾Ľ࿴ȥзǡ
ȷʵɶãѹĸʻġ
ֻǹۣǴ΢ԲЩˡ
֪ӵλȻŮӿ̣վ֮»ǼΪġ
ĸʿһ͸ֺŮȻǲһġ
ȻŻ׾عͲ£жٻЩ黳ʱҲ
ĸʲôˣ
Ͼһλ˵һԼƢ
ȻȰ׾ȥһǾȣϾ׾ǱԩģӦûǻȰһΪ顣
²ڲץŻ̨£Ĵˡ
ν˰ﵽףͷ͵οҲ֪ΪʲôЩ׽׾ģһ
ӹ˱ǵĲϸϸƷĸȰ׾ع׾ܾˡ
׾Щɬĵͷϸڱߡ
ϵ׾ǸͲʢ꣬Ϊ;СС۶ʵ̫ϧ֪׾ĸʣĸʺϲ׾βƾԲ
׾Цȷʵڱ£ΪԻزȥ
ЩɻĿ׾Ǻܶ׾˼
׾ĵĽ͵˶֪ܱʢں֮гΪʸ֮ģл˶ȡֻΪλʵ̫ջˣȨλ鰮
ĳĽҲΪԼᰮһô˴ӵı£ڽǰһֱΪԼǺ˲һġ
ϧɰǣɰĳԾľͱ¶ദһЩ˲е
˵˴׾ԳЦĳ֪ʢΪʸ֮ģ˽ֹȰ¶մռб£֪˽ȴԾɷɶ˻𣬲ƺ
ϸĳд˱ǲΪ飬Ժ󻹻б鴥
׾̾ϢҲʱˡ
һֱ׾ʲôʲôֻ֪Щ䣬Ȼ̰أοˣ
֮涷ޣ̳ǺҪܰʱ涷޸ΪҪ
ȷ磬Ժ֮ŻôҲ㷭
ǸǸλã㱾ǼΪˣڣȣҪٴ϶ٻһ·ı
ϾԱ֮Ȼƣʱһ˶ʤܹġ
Ȼ£⸣С
ǸڣĸҲͲԼ˹ػˡ
С꣬աδ֮ȴЩ˵ȥˡ
仰׾Ů׾¶˴ȸЦݣλŮ֮ˣҲΨһϣСֵܹһãھδǺ¡
ĸŮΪ֮Զ
ֱȨλ·һҹ֮ͳˣȥ
׾Ʒ飬˵׼ҽľôӣطȻ׾ϣ֮Ҳϵı
ټ׾ʢ裬Ǹλһ˵᲻󣬵δûлᡣ
С߳ԺǲǸλӣֻ˳ȨҲѣϾôʢĸ
Ǳ̫ܣаȻǱ£ĶǴĶ
׾ƹŷҲԤʾС˳ȨմȾС
֪׾Ѿ¶ģˣѳɶ֣Ȱ档
׾СߵĸĸӦҲģ
ǸţԼҲܳлϥ¡
뵽˴׾Ͽҵ׾壬СҵãԻһ
ֻ˵һչмӣͬ׾С߽ԼϵȨˡ
׾֮⣬æлֻ׼˷ˡ
СߵһҲҪתۣĴȰͽĻػ֮顣
˾԰СЦãȻǲĺڰů
лҪ˵׾⣬ЩкܶҪдҶ

33

ҵ׳ǵȡ, ȡԡŵϦѡ
ĸȵ۵ĺ, ˵ְ, Ҳңվûˡ
˵״Ԫ, ٳ, Ҳһʱ̻֮ء
Ϊİ游Ϊװ˵Ż, ȡ˵̾
ŵǲԸģȻѾͥ, ԸС˼ҲǲԸ̾ġ
ϧ游Ƿ游, ܲ, Ӧˡ
ûǸŮϣԼĻǱвȵģʹŻײ뿴ʱȻʲô
Һô
Ȼǲܳġ
ǿҳʱֶǵȡľ֪ˡ
Ϊװ, ȡֵȨ, Ǵʼ׾ûлع, ֱҳԺŹ, һ¥ȾĹӡ
˵һֱãֻ游ͬ⣬һֱûи˰ѹߣһ׷׷¡
ҲΪҵҪ漮һֱ, ԵŰȢ֡
ֵô游ĵٴңվͬ˽ӻˡ
׵ķ˵λɶҡˡȾ̾ټϼС̡
ˣиľګ˶
˶ҫ׶Ӧǵİɡ
ϾҶÿõһΣܼһģ˽£һС£ǸС׾æȥչˣν΢
游ֵûа취׶ԵҲûôˡ
СʱңԺ壬ȸΪ鳤
Ϊʲô棬ҲԸ⣬Ҫ̫ˣ浽һʱʱĵˮŤǵҶĲʹ죬粻档
СʱһֱõСǲһģﲻһȴ˵
ֻǾõɵɵģֲʾõĶȻҲͱȱ١
Ϊһܵĵʹӵӻ᲻ģ
ʱӼΪصʹңŵɻõõĶ٣ã
룺Ҫö࣬ûˤӣҾڵͦõġ
ҵĴ𰸺ģΪδĹ
ʱһǺܶǼȻģҲӻãǱĻˡ
ֻʱҰǾʹδϹģ㲻εļ
Ҽ˺֮ܶ䲻ȡˡ
Ȼ谮̰ȻҲͲˡ
궬ˡ
޸ʷ̨ҵΪҵһξôĺÿ̲סһβĽ
ҵЦŵϲ
Цųϣɫÿ
ȢѡúɫרõģԺֻףͬᣬ뵽˴ǼĽġ
ɫΪѯңŵԺ͵򣬱ŵСһҲǿԵģɺã
ʱһǺܶӿֻ뵽ԺһܲǱõ飬ԥĵͷ
Ժҵ˸Ŀ꣬Ҫһ
Ŭѧϰ黭ʫʸ踳ĿϸһܺͶϣٳż
֪ҵ츳ߣǿδҸʱƾȻСв
رǻ
ֻӣΪӸ߷ϲΪҵԺǰֻӣһʼġϰߡ
浹ֻˡ
ʵƽȣʲôߵ͹֣֮ԼúһЩȷеø߹
Դ˲ŮǸ֮ͣδҪˣҲҸҲûнᡣ
˶ΪģԸ˼һҪѡͿֱӽ˽󹬡
ʵһôһΣʾʶƵԳµֵֻͬǼҡ
ĸĵӣȻ̷¡
ȻҲָ˵ģĸ޹ȥֵеˡ
ֻǴδ뵽Ǻȴ콵
ĸ˽ͽģϾֻҪһӾͻ֪״
ͽʵıֻСˡ
ûз֪Ϣ̺Լж԰׻Ұ
ѳɶֻ֣ܲͣĬֻҪģ㲻᲻ġ
ģ́ͷ͵Ӻ󣬿ŵǶϤһеԾĶܿˡ
ҲòϴСת˲
οŵûʲôģκòҪĵôԸġ
Ȼ֪ʲôǵδƭң뵽˴ұ㰲ĵڵ˯ˡ
ǱԺļгѵģܹȥʱ򿴵Ѫĵʡ¡
ԭɱȫңҪТ꣬ȻҲͱܹ빬ˡ
Ҵδ˹ĵȻôķ
빬ѡȻͱССֻС̫СЩҲӣ±Ϊһֱûѡ
õ˻֮˿Ŀ׼ᶨ־֪ĺģȵĵĺһξȲĺڶΣŵ빬
״δһ棬һʱڵ
ϵΪʱҲ̲סס޵ҲҪҪҺ͵һҼҼޣ̾Ҳ̾檣Ҳ檣ûʲôģûʲôģ
Ҳ֪Ǿ仰˵˵ҵʱûп޹һκұͷʹޡ
ֻԺʲôûиı䣬һǼˡ
ңϲʲôɫ
ϲô죬ɫõģôΪ׺ҲǿԵġ
Ҷԣûдɫļ£ɫ
Ҫð׵ЩȥͺãʹżеСԺǸġ
߻ǰҵһЩţӦҵҪ
İݱ˵һСӱ˹š
Ǽ˰ɣ
ұҲϣֻ㣬֮вСʯͶ˵ѡ
һ±¶δңʵǰϲġ
һӲǾˣϾ⹬öȱȸҪãЩ⣬ӵҶԱǼˡ
֪һȥ԰˱£¿ҵ׿šȾĹһ
ʵЩġ
һЩ𾪡ӡ廳
Ժ¹˱µʹͣЩȻʧ롣
Ҳδ˸߹ң˳ϲŵĸоôů˳ԡ
һеһбζġ
Ͼ͹ڶʵ̫ͨˡ
ʱҹ߶Ҳʲô̸ֻѣҶԱ´ӿʼľη䱸˷ɣɷɱΪΡ
ʵϲģֻűµĵ鷳Ҳʼ
Ȼҵû̫׷󣬵Ҳ벻׵ں󹬣±׽ˡ
ҹԼ뷨˱£Ҳҵһξܾ£ҶǵñϵĴ㵺͡ŭ
˱£Ժ󶼲ˡ
뵽˴ﲻЩʧ䣬ҲȻǰһصͷ
ҸԼãǲȥⱲҵӶ徲˵ġ
ֻû뵽պ󹬵᲼ױǴɫļ·ڴǰ
µž飺޶ڲͬģ˵ϲļ£ԸΪ޴һΣ
űĿȴĿ˿࣬ұ֪Լɶ˻ݽȥˡ
˿ϣ¾ࡣ
żҹλʱﺰһֱҵ֡
֪»ǽҵ˱ˡ
ԾĴ룬ԺµңԽԽࡣ
ϣֻҡ
ֻҲģ㲻ģȴδҶ˿¡
ٻʱҲ𽥱úһҪֻԼᡮˤӡ
վˡ
˶Ϊ䣬ʵǲ֪ϲľɫһܶãлϥ¡
ãҵĳ˷ԺȢƽ˳ĳ
ԺһҵҪ˵
ܺǰС                        
лҪ˵ӵġΪս߹·ղأôôգ  
һĵط
ҹĹӤ
ĪּƵ꣬
ҽԺֵĺɫ߸Ь
ԶҲҲؼ·Ů
ַӶٵݣߴһԨ
ī鳺Ϊ˱һȥ֪бѡ
һжıͳͳΪ¡
ī鳺ľȥԹǿ
һӰĵ۽ǵˮߵૡ

Ϊս
ұУұǼʵݡ
֮־֮־
ĺһԶ㣬ܵһ˿䡣
ǺڰϵȮŮⲡ֮ת

34

ʵܹҲû˵, ĹȷʵҪϢ
һصԺҴҵĳһЩͷ˯ˡ
֪Ǹոտʼ˯ʱüë˯̤ʵ;Щ΢Ҫһ, ֱһӰĵ, ϤϢȻ˯
һ˯ðʱѾָ˴롣
۾ʱԵ˶ЦĿԼڣ
͵ˣ˯һһҹȳԵ㶫
סڵƵ˵Ҿ˵ô˯, ԭ, ˯ᡣ
˵Լ࣬һֱͣסˣҲ˯Ϳ, ʱϴȷʵḡЩʲôʱֹѾ˳˯Լˡ
ƽڴ, Ĳ, ŮʱѾ, ϸ˼زŻÿ
ѾźΣǺõγѪ, ȴΪŶЩ, , ҲΪһ仰ɵࡣ
ʧЦ, ڰڣ˵ʲôã˲İ
ǹûϴɿƲԽ񣬿ȴһıסԷͷڹڵļϣȡŶԷϵů
粨ӿ, ܶ˶ֲټ٣Ҫʱȡ䱸
ǹڲһһԼġ
оԼŹڣ彩ֱƬַȻһ۾ﻹڣԼá
ָᴥŹڵ۽ڲ磬ùԺ˯ظ
ЦղͣԼȥͺá
Ȥ˿Ժô죿
˻Ŀ۾ü󣬾ȻôҹӵϿôɰı飬һʱ֮䲻ʧЦ
ɡףһֱȻΧ˶Ĭ֮Ĺϵǹڳ֮һֱûȻԴεҲȥᡣ
˵˵ǳɻ飬ȢĴ΢΢ʧ䣬ԺԺİ֮˳һЩʧֵһᡣ
üͷЩյĵԭڲ޸Ұ𣿡
æԸģԸġ
ӦˬʵЦʹȤ
ΪĿŹڣ˫۸۲תˮ˹вƹѲ⣬̬ѻšȻ㲻˷ʱϷֻǰεߡ
˫ֽסʵҲдԸԺ㳤þõһɺã
˵ͽһůĻյ۵͹ʵԸ⣬һֱԸ⣬ھ
ɵһֱֵôԣô᲻Ըأ
׶˵Ը⣬֪Ժ·иԸһֱȥͻȻͱˣģģȴôҲԸ֡
ʵ̫ŮǲɹڵЩǵġ
Լ±˵̫ŮһⶼûУ
ںԺֶȻûǲĸʿе˻ǹԼͬҲûġ
̫ĻԺкܶҪٳ֣ô˫۾ţţλӻۣһܺĵط
ο˽ģȨԻǹǸλӣǷҲ䣬Ƿ񻹻ԼĿеǸ
ǹڲ̫ŮЩиˣί
һʱò׼λǷҪڣмǺܿ϶˵ġ
̫Ůһ£Ҫ˵ġ
Լûвڿǵ˫Ӯľ棬ҪԼģҲҪڿģһŲöԷ۵Կ䡭
鲻֪һЩڲԾԼΪĻҪ
´Ƭ̺ϴţֹֻΪ·ǵЩɬЩ㲻ʵԼԵġ
ڹڶԣ˵ʲôţ˵ȢһȢ˵ҪþõȥһþõȥȻˣȻ̫ܻͬ䡣
ڶԴ˺ܻЦ׽һЩֵЩ죬˵Ľɫ˲ͽ
νԹ壬ԡ
̫Ůһʼûʶ߶˵Ĺϵȫ塣
̫ŮĲأǽļأ׽ǶڹŹȴ˸ʱָɴ˿ɼһ㡣
ûʳͶˣָһЩıȽϺóԵĸڽܣƬ̺ʵʲôʱϲҵģ
ЦѲ֪
ЩɻӦû֪𣿿Ǵӵһμ濪ʼÿο仯ûкܴ󡭡һμͣ
ԭΪڻɬһ£֪תͷ㿴ĿƵ̹Ȼԭѻǵãڵһοѱ顣
֮ദǡԽ֣ʰ
ڵ̶̫Ŀһʱ䲻ҶӣҵӺϲǣ
Ǻа̶⡣
𰸲ɵЩʧЦԭô㣬һ̶ܺСɵӣŲɷ˵Ϊ˴ȤЩ˸Եİܡ
Сɵ˶
ЦųԶ͡
ȻЦʱһЦʱ˵Уƽʱǲŭġ
Ϊ̫ŮϾҪˣΧ̾ûɣΧɾˮһʵ׽ҹӶ಻ʤ
ȻĳһЩǸʵǱŵȥ׽ֲңԪǸܺõӣʱʮ仰û˵ϡ
ʵ»кܶ࣬ǲ֪˼û滹ⷽıȽϳٶۣӲʲôûп֪˶ġ
ЩһӶûл֪ǣ΢Щ˵Ƿ̳ȺУƽ˼ҹҲûпģҲһٵݲ԰εԭ
ŲҪ˵
˳ȷȻƬ̣಻̫˴ţԺ߱ģһעߵƧ֮
ǰ˵Ƨ֮˵붼ЩģټһһŮ㲻ûС֮Ļᡣ
ӣƽʱҲͱܿˡ
ãĴʾһ£˾ĵܹȥۿ
֪߽Ժ͵СߺŮûˡ
Ȼǣ                        
лҪ˵ӵġΪսղذn(*RQ*)n
һĵط
ҹĹӤ
ĪּƵ꣬
ҽԺֵĺɫ߸Ь
ԶҲҲؼ·Ů
ַӶٵݣߴһԨ
ī鳺Ϊ˱һȥ֪бѡ
һжıͳͳΪ¡
ī鳺ľȥԹǿ
һӰĵ۽ǵˮߵૡ

Ϊս
ұУұǼʵݡ
֮־֮־
ĺһԶ㣬ܵһ˿䡣
ħ̹ҷŷŮǿŮǿ

35

ƧĲǱ˶Ԫ
Ǻ
ɫ, ֪Լˡ̹֡Ѷˡ
Ԫʮ߰껪Ȼ鳤, ǰЩͯģ, ֻСԲӡ
ֻѴĺԲ۾ģƺſ޹, ȥΪ, ǱļȮ
ֻȮǰĵСЩĺִ
ҲǣԪС, ͲܵԼǰͲˣֻǺ治֪ôͳǸӡ
ЩζĹ, òڼ, ѵǺԼûյϢ
ԪᶨִֵĿȻ໥ϲ, һһ̫Ů
СһĪĺǰغһԭû䡣
ǵԼȥʽʱԭҹԼ, ֻʱæżû, Ԫ˵ľǴ¡
ʱܵԼ, ƺ밲οԼ
Ҳ, ȻԪû˵仰Ԫÿͳ¶ġټһСĶӣбӻ֮Ҳ̫ù
ʱˣΧҲĬ֮Ĺϵ, ԪΪҲǸжġ
ΪΪ׾Ҳ΢չԪҪˣδʺڸǽ֮ڣֻǻûĥͿһĻ
ʧ䵽ЩʧģҲǲĵģҲе㶪ӵģҲǱˡ
ֻԪ֮鶨޳ŵҲûôˡ
ڵָһЦݣḧͷһǣתŹ뿪
ںȰԪҪ嶯ôжذģɫ΢һ仰ȥ
ԪֻСûʲôǸ˶֪ںԼӴжӺһűˡ
ȻѾһԺֹ˵ȻԪ£Ĳ
ûע⵽Ĺڵ۾ڿʱ͸ת˲š
תۼѾѾʼ̿¯ӣůڵġ
˲û̫ʱȥҲѾָòԺÿ峿ֿʼϰϰھʽϰʽԲ
޼ĸоѵ֮ʱ档
ټϴεսȻƶ
ϰʦ˵ɾͷΪһָտɴ˵Ҫúûȥ˶Ŀ
ټϻаҪʮˣΪڳ֮վȽŸҪĸʰŵĹ⣬ԼҪѧϰܶණҲΪæµ
æµѹеһЩΪʱڲвҲôȹĸоʱҵоˡ
ʽʵ׾ʽʹɱ飬ṫţΪˣŮҲΪˣȫǧ
ȻЩһֱûиˮ棬Ϊˣû뵽ڶ˴ʽ˵Ϣ
ʽķվûа죬ǰҲ
дţĲԭɫΪ̼ҩʯ飬Ŵþͱѹȥ伣δһ
һϵеϢʱˡ
Ժɽˮµͬ޵ĸǰ߽ľӱĸˡ
߽࣬ȥһǧ֮ң겻ҪȥС
ӳ⻪УǵĹǰµӣǺܶ뿪ˡ
Һһ̳ΪУҲӦΪտ
׽ʽĸʵĲ죬˲Ǻܶࡣ
Դ֮Աǣǰĸʵʲôˣĸôխ֮ǰҲ䶨֪ЩԶزȥˣ಻صȥ
ЩӣʵǺþöûеʳתתˣʲôýܵľ¥ȥߣ
ĵ˵Ҫʳľ¥ȻֺŵĴ¥¿һϲŴݵףζҲ⼫á
üף
ЦٵģǴţĶΪųȥ
ⶫһе˼Ǿȥϲųա뵽ǰֱʣЦŷԸǽиͿˣ̫ˡ
ŵ
ѾˣȻʱͺȶԼһƵ߹ȥãŵ˾¥ҲʱҲˡ
һ·벻ۣǻЩϲġ
һƽۣ˵󣬵ɫΣƷʼãҪһۿϾϲˡ
ʱһһոպá
ʱ͵ϲţȷʵ⼫á
ټ뻹иϷ̨ӣ߳ԶϷ飬ȷʵǸѡ
Щʳֺ㿪ʼҲ͵øУȻԵá
ʱ¥һ޺ɫӵĶʮŮӣŮӿӼΪȷʵıǮ
Щ׵ӣһ毺õӲѹӵɫҲͻأ
żһվкȥ졣
֮Ӧģͨ˴ӦҲްֻǽŲЩ鸡ЩգῴԺʹ˿ܻ
ſȤĵĽ͵ǽİѦ㣬״Ԫ֮ţΪâ̫¶¹ĥһԷһۣƷ֣רűд鼮
ţƾٵдԷʲôŻȷʵҪͬһ˳һЩֻ̫ưЩֲŷԺǲڹٳóԶ뵽˴ҲͲעˡ
ʱѾӣһ磬˾𴼺ʵʮ㣬һСľͻ
Ʒһڣ洫ӵ
ֻиֹЩֿɾŽָѦ˵ҪȢңΪʧԼ                        
лҪ˵СԪôɰȻûкߡ
һҵʱкӳˡ
дģͷеʹ׼ôô

36

û뵽ֻ, ȻԿӵĺϷɵĿϷ̨ϽϷʶ, ΧӰζҪԼ, æڰʾţ˳㻹С̹
һŹ, һߺС, ִҲóֻ֣Ǹо̻ʮ㣬Ϊ˼
Ѧ㿴ŭӺȢͬѽ, ֻȢ㵱С̣ܵ, Ҫǵͷһؼ, û
ѦĻȷʵЩ˵˼, ȲȢǷ̣Ƕһ, οΪŮôḡͥںһӸԼؼ, ںεأ
һѦĻŭдί, ˵Щͣ㡭֮ǰ˵, ˵Ҿ㣬֮ΪҪ̧Ȣţ
ѦЦЦһ쳤Ц˼Ҫ޽ú𣿾ҼŴ󻧣ҵ͵Цһ˵û뵽Ȼ
ԭΪֻС¼İ죬˴΢ü, ԣ֮ǲͶϣһʵҲûʲôϵ
ǻ֮ɶϷѾŵֹسŵҶԾ˻˵裬ȷʵǾΪ¿ư۵Ʒô
뵽˴׼Ըȥֹⳡ־磬κ˲Ӧд˱رƤҪ˶ʲôˡ
֪ûԸȥֻŭ̧űӾѦ˹ȥ
ǱƼѦӦ֪Ѧ֪ոǿ˲ץǰ赲ʬĹܵһ˲ķˡ
ھ
Ҫھȡʲôٳɹɣһ֪˾ͳ
ӿ£û뵽
֮Ĳ࣬Ӧڲ֮䡣
Լ͸ǼѣҩԡʳƲϣԭΪ츳֮ˣӦ֮ͬһ֣û뵽һžô꣬Сˡ
ѦһԺҲţΧ塢书Ļæ֣֪յʱñ
ѦȻ֪书û뵽ô
ƲãŵĨͿᣬžһѦ˹ȥ
ѦҲǸƻģԺ֪Ҫ˲ת¥еĿȥ
ʳʮپǸҲǼһЩ档
֮ǰϷ̨Χ򣬵Ǻܶ˻źһֵ飬ҲжţԼǰһˡ
Ѧǰܣں׷ǻһʱһ¥ľϯɹġ
ѦǰܵûֵģΪ˱ܿ޹һʱ޿κΣɾм˶ײԣʣֽҲæӳ˾¥
ʱϲŵĿ˲඼ӳ˾¥ѦԽԽٵܵˣٲ˱ץס˼ӣֱҲΪ赲ܣҲæ¥ߵ¥ȥ
¥ֲɵͷҲ½½ҲŵĨͿˡ
Ψһг޿Ϊ˿Ϸһֱ
ԭΪֻҪ΢ϸĵͻָᷢѦǵˣζܰǵ
ϧʵ̫ڸ߹һ׷ɥȮĹ۲
ԵѦԼӣоһְõĸо
ȻѦ㿴ˣ۾һܣٶΪϣȻһ˲٣˲ʹܵ
ŵ˿ûʾ⣬ȻҲûȥˡ
꿴ѦҪ㵽˲ͼˣñӾѦ˹ȥ
ĿҵæھӸ
Ҳ֪ĻǼĺЦλӣҲһٳˣҲһͨҲˣȥѲ㲻ˣ˰ɣ
꿴ȲϴԺŭҲ˴룬ٿΧΣȷʵֵЩˣ뵽˴ȷʵЩԥ
ԥȰ˵黯Ҳһ׮£Լš
֪ѦʱȴͻȻð곰ôˣҾǹⲻȢģ˵Ժۼб´Ҳӣȸˣ䲻ң
ԭѦС˶˳ûгԹĴСƢǴ׷һͨͱһڶ
һȺ书ԸΪԼ֣˲ͻˣ겻ôҪոյĶֿʼڲ
Ѧһ˵֪Ҫ⣬رǻȱµ붯ִˡ
ȻŴֲ£ǴݰףʮִŴ棬ûѦ˵ô
˵곤ûο㳤ٳˣҲϲô˵
ܣѦŭȵСүҴ㣡
ԤеĹٴεѦһ߳˹ȥһӴޱߵŭıӶҪҪֻһαȴȵĽסд̴ĸоѡ
ʵһʼǲµģֻ뵱ĬĬĳԸϵĿͶѣ
˶ѾܵԼǰʱ򲻹ܣŭҪѦǰҲ鷳ϾôҲǸƷ١
ѦҲ֪ǲɵʱ򶼲ῴɫΪ¹е㿴Ƥӣ˶ȥˣԼһ£
ѦǸʺԺŭ죡
Ѧû뵽ҺһӾԼӹҲס㵽֪֪˭ô˵
ЦˣɵӸ˵̨ӦԼ˵İɣ
뵽˴ʹ˸ɫ˰Ѧȥúýѵһô˵Ҫ֪ߵغˡ
꿴˴˳ȥΪҪӻѦ㣬æĹȥ
þûк൱д裬ѵЩȻԵɣֹΧֹӰԴ
Ĵڰγ佣佣һƬ֮佣ַŻӣǴӰ˰ѳҪ
ıʺԶ빥ȻԸսս롣
ֻı÷·һͬ߳ҧųĹ
ĲƵĹ⣬翵㿪ΧΧŻ
Ͼĳɣеʱġ
Ҳ֪Ҫȳö࣬ʱϳ˱ȻԼ
뵽˴ץϵĹȡľǰսʤ
ȻʱƣûսʤȴʼĲ֧ôõʱϷŹᣬһ϶Ŀ϶귢
ۿҪֹסҪսʤ֪ʱͳһѷұۡ
ԭ귢ԼܰѳôԹװӣճ˴ܳ
ҲȷʵֻûʲôɱģԷұȥ
ӦݣֲԼæת壬˵Ƕ㿪ˣֻ·һӣֻһ㣬ľ˳
ԤٴνйʱֻˬʵЦҲǰٴȥû˼ˡ
꿴Ѧ˶Ѿ֪ȥˣٺȥȷʵҲû˼ʱҲ֣ͣжƤһ
ƹһֱ̽ͷ̽ԵĹ۲ˣǲȥˣæĳʵСү㿴Ӷٳˣǲǣ˵ǰ˼ײˡ
ƹҲǸῴɫˣѦǲ֪ȥˣ򲻸ҵټƻ֮ǰǮ´࣬ȻֻҪˡ
Ȼ˱ɫһʱҪǮѹֿ԰ϲžӪôá
꿴ܱٵȻҲ֪ƹ˼𻵵ĶŻһֱ̨ϴܣֻǺʵûסû뵽
ֻ£ԴӻӻаͭǮǮҪ⳥װ޲ƵϲŸǱˮн
ЩͰ͵Ŀž¥ƹ̽ʵ򹤵ծɺã
¥ƹһСү𰡣򹤵²ЩǮ
Ҳ֪ƹ˵ʵƬɫЩȻĴӻЩɵĺ첼һɫԲһŻЧ
Ҫݸƹֹˡ
ЦҿôϷӴҲзݣǮҳɡ˵ͽƹٱЩ˾ͰƹĴ򷢳ȥˡ
꿴ΪһʱЩסˣ
ΪѦһ·;˲ٵطΪ·;ңԶһ·ϻǮΪʡ
˶ĵط˿װһ·֪˲ٰۣҲģôһǮЩ֪
֮ͻȻӹĽֻ˲ߺ
ʲôûһһʱûʲôĻ³ЩҲ̽һ¸ոյıʽ
꿴Ϊ˵ģԺỹġ
Դ˻첻⣬ֵССͱ¶޵ģв̡
ͷð庢ӵúúãʱҵҡ
Ļһ˼ɵĿʼԶӲ³ٶȼ죬һյʱһӵĲ˱㱻Ƶĳ˴롣
ֻϸȰԣͷԸϲˣϾӻûԶء
ƷŲȣ⡮ĶȷʵмɫڹﶼûгԹǿԽѧԺԡ
ʱʱΪԼһƣõľƱòΪ굹һơ
֪꿴ƷͻȻһͣΪʵȰҺȾǷԴҵɫĻ죿
ôǵһô˵ԼЩЦĴȤȷʵɫͼԲȰȾˡΪɫͼı㻹Ǳ˰ɣ
˵֮׼ľƱ֪ʱùԱߵľ̳ƣһ߹࣬һ߿ޣȥġ
૵ǰҲ˵ҵɫ˵ԺҪȢΪ򣬳ŮˣƭƭӣĹ
ЩĲ̣Եֲ翪䣺ϲҲ֮ԣŮ
ŭ˵ôӻķ
Ȥк˵Ư·ǲǿһϲһϵĲǲǿóԵĲ˶볢һӲǲҶǲ룿
걻˵ЩԺټ󾢼ѾɫΣЩ𣿡
ԼմСñţŶԷɷǺ棬ټѦʵɶŻַʽο꣬ٲҪΪ˸Լôġ
Կ϶˵Ȼģ㿴Ѧ㵱С̣Ҳ԰С檿ԼóԳԣ棬Ҫ뻹ҸƯС㿪ġѦ㲻ˣ书ã㻹԰һ񲻿գ
ô˵۾һĵͷ˵öԣ
ƺָ˾ЦԾͺã㲻Ҫ̫Ѧ㣬ȥú˯һʲôնûˣʲôʲô
ʣҪĻûھѾȻֹˡ
ΪȻĴ
ԱǳȻôˣ
˲һƬհ״ڵ
лҪ˵꣺㺰С㿪ĵģ
ҺС㣬ûң
ʯС

37

Ƭ, ͻȻԱߴһȣʲô
ѹתһԭһû, ͷһ˵
оԼеϤ, һ飬ݵȴûӡ
ʱԵԺɤ¶ȵѦԭô󣿡
ǰŮȻ, ȥڡ
ȫ˵Ļ, ոӵһټ·бѺۣͷһ, ȥȷʵЩһѾ
ڡ
һ仰֪ǸЦֻҪ˵һ˿, ̲סҲſʼЦ
Ѧŭ, ĪЩͬ顣
Ѧﶪ, ָŭˣһΪǺİ, ˰ǿս, ˰Ҵһ١սΪҵ, ô͹, еŮ潣һԻ
Ȼ֮˱пɺ֮
תĬĬĸŵһ͵Ǵ̫λˣģרŴ
ŭգǴˣǸúúýѵһ˵
֪ʱ꼫ΪŵضѦһ, Ժ󳰷Ѧ˵Ҳһ𣿳øͷһðѽΪ书жߣ˭Ӯǽһһ
˵۾޵ĿѦѾһˣҸʲô뿪ľͿģ־Ϳ֡˵˺һʣҶ˺ö֣Ͼ˭ȣ㣡ã
˵Ժ󻹹°һ£رƵĿѦ㡣
ĶЪѦոյĶ֮ͬʤ
Ժգô̵¼Ȼд裬ȷʵ츳
Ѧɫ㡭˰˵һ仰߶µı֣Ҵ򣡡
Ƿڿһˡ
򷴶һҪƤһͱ˳ȷʵЩۣǴ˾Ͳˣ־ͺá
׼һ뿿ԼȰãϾòᣬ˾Ͳˡ
֪ԹԵһϵľ̳µµĺȸ⣬һ
󻹶ƤЦȵı㶼ҵģ˭Ҳߣn(*RQ*)n
Щķģ˭˵ѿ̳ӵݸ걧õԹãòã
Ҳûлػ֪ǲ̫ϻԭӰ׼ϳˡ
˵ʵôдüܣһҲ뵽˴˻ս
Ѧ֮ǰͱӰȥˣû䣬ΪֻǸС
֮ǰʰģκһֱߵţʱ³ȻǲᷢôõĻᡣ
Ѧһ٣ٶҲˡ
һʱ䵹ʮĬϬԷ£
ۿžҪ֣֪λϷԾѦһš
֮վǰЦ޺ҿˣ㣡
ססЩ֣ȥš
յҲоһȣмһ򣡡˵ԺȻ̧ҪȥѦ㡣
Ѧ۾ˣԹŮȻҪ̫
Ѧ㼫ΪƵĳ˹ȥȷʵƬݣȴȵУ߷ڵء
Ȼݱһֻһ׷Ѧ
һ߽Ѧ˵Ϯһ߸Ѧϼ¡
һߴһЦȥüΪģ¥ȥΪϲС
źʹ󲿷ӰԼӡ桯úܿģѦ㻹еõġ
תڽ͵͵ۿֲֹϼͷҪץͺ˵ƹָЩƱƹҲΪȤƱԺϲЦտСЩθҡ
ߵļ룬һʱϲţǼɹȷʵִΪ֮С
֮һѦҶȽϿĵĳ档
һȦѦ˸èۣۿŴĲˡ
֪ʱͻȻȺèǣųܡ
֪Ҫʲô书֪ǲǷʲô쳣ҲĹ۲ͬһܡ
һܾǰյʱ䣬ҪʳСһСĵĹ۲ܣƺû׷
һ㵽ŽŵӰĴ۲Ժ˦ʲô󣬲˿
СһܣŵӲҲŽ
ѵǴ̿ͣ
껤࣬ϸĴ۲һ£ԼİԼӰΧû쳣ˡ
һʱأĪԼûзʲô쳣
ʱעȫ棬ͻȻ͸оϴʪʪĴУ䴫˰һ
תͷ𾪵Ŀֱ꣬͵ˣ
ֻ˫̺죬ϴľ㣬۾ʪĿһֻ޹С¹һ
ֻ޹С¹͵ԼΣ
꿴ӣЦãսϲ㣡صض˵㲻ýţ׷ǵġ
仰һŲ˲ʧ˴롣
Ȼ˸Լ
ǺηʥȻһ㶼ûв
ѹĵ˵ôľоԼĶϣůůģʪʪġ֪ĶҲȾ˺Ρ
֮ǰȾƵԭһġ
ģƹû׷n(*RQ*)n
Щ٣ظһ飺ƹ񣿣
Ϊţ϶ĵͷСôණƹ϶ˣ׷ǣ
Щҧгʵһ֣ƹץ
꿴Щ¶ʲôԴĿ֪ˣӦûǮܵġһžȻıظϴ㸶ģ
Ƕı飬͸۾ȴһˡ
׼ô
ϲ䣬ѾһЩί򹤵ծһܻġ
ЦԴͷʸв㲻õˣѦſˣ϶ܲˣ£϶Ǯ
⻰۾˲СЦſôޣⶼ뵽ˣ
Ǻǣֻûѡ
˵׺ź뿪ǽӰ
һٴɫѾˣƳϣһЩӵǵںӱ߷š
ӵϻһЩСػصʻţò֡
ƺδĳһֻСè䣬˺棬￴
ʵźӵҲûмģĶڹźӵƣȻǷźӵƣ֮ȴȻͬ
ŴԶʵӣͻѾ׼ˣҪҪۺϣ
֪ΪʲôܾŴԼЩ֣Žʲôɣ
Ҫͣ־ûҪһЩĪ顭
длƣ۾÷⣬β˿Ѿҡ
뵽˴ЦĶŵͷûôͻˡ
ﻹů¯еһӦȫ
滹ʳĺ͡
ֻΪʲô̱ҲУҿȥǸոռȥոµӣ                        
лҪ˵ŰԸµе
ǿһ·ϸɵߵղذ


38


, ﲼõĺþ°
һܾϲӣıĲιźӴ, ҲıȾ, ԼûвʱѾ΢΢Ϲˡ
ӦýսˣոôƺԼġ
꿴ʱȻܵϹ˼Ȧ, ű, ﻹ߶ţ
ĪҲԼոˣֻǷõһ, һҲûʲôˡ
֪뷨ûɢȥ˵׼ôණ, һϲң˵֮󻹼Ϊŵͦͦš
ԴŮ, ͵˵, һʱűеľˮȻǺԼ
ȿȿȣ
æı˳ԹԵ˵ô, սսҲϲ㣡n(*RQ*)n
һʱ, 껹ûо, ˵ϲֻͨѵϲ
ԼȻΪ˸С, һʱЩЦõ˵ˣ֪Լ˵ʲô֮ϲҲϲսսġ
Щֱ̫ܷ˼˵ҲϲԼʱĵ˵ͷ
ԭΪѦģȻǺˣȫĵɫ, ֮ѹӦҲްˡ
겻֪֪ζĽ
ʱ꿴Ǳĺӵϲ쳣Ǹֵӡ
ֻûϲ֮оȻ˿ա
߹ȥɻʵôǻʽϲǿʽ⣿
ѻƷڻ˸
ʻҡͷϲϲģ̫ϲˣôƯĺӵЩ᲻÷ŵȥˡ
ЩʧЦ
ڹп̫ΪȨթˣͻȻһõƾϲ꣬һʱ仹ЩӦ
Цͷ͵ЦЩģŶٱŶ٣ϲʱٽһ㣬ſΪֹԺٽЩ㷽ؼҰ档
⻰ûбֳϲüͷһ£һ·¶˼ľġ
ĶԳ˵˲̫̰ˣЩҾһһʣȫ˰ɣҪټˣѾܶˡ
뿪֮˵ضԳ˵Ըɡ
ɷӵͷֻһֱδʣֻǹעĶ
ԸĶֻ࣬ԸЩһѾʲôԡʲôôԶԲ֡
һӾԸѺӵƷ˺˵Ҳ֣ϱûжķ磬ǵӵʱȻһ磬ѺӵƴͺģҲȽϲ꣬ҪʵԸ
꿪ĵԸԺûжЩյʵôûԸ
ȻǴԽ֮ˣǾɻ֮ʱҲûľ֮ǲŵġ
ֻǿȤȻӣ̴ˣҲ̧д
Ըĺƽհҵ
꿴ԸƬ̺ЦԸͦõģҲһԸ˵֮ҲһͬԸڻ档
ԺرһƷ˵дԸӵƻкܶ࣬ǿкܶܶԸ
΢һüëôԸɹܵù𣿡
꿩Цŵһüͷɵ˶ĹأȻжٻٸԸһҲûϵ˵ԸǸܿģһҲǼõˡ
굹ͨ͸Ļֲǿ
뵽˴дһԸԸƽ綫ٱɽ
ѧСں԰쳤һ㣬СӵҲһ·
תʱַ߰˸ӵƣӵϵԸ廨ţȤ
밢쿪ģǡ
밢죬ззԣоƺȡ
밢̤ʤ顣
밢ѡ
оڿԼЦҿԸ̫ˣҵԸһˣҲԸˡ
Ĳձůĵƻȥ˶Ź⣬͡
ΧΧɫĲһĺӵƣˮһƬƬӰӳȥгá
ΧֵĽͯĴˣԶԺŵƻЩѧӻں㲻´οƾپǽʱ
õķҲƽվƶ̫ãЩеͨյĿ֣Ȼ׺ɣǰҲʵʵ
ǰδеĳʵЩҲԺҪȥػĶðǰҵ
ʱܵϵůԭ꿴ʲô˸ӷС
Щ·ԺıӣŲԼȷʵڴͷЩˡ
Լϣ䣬ǻȥԶɡ
ůӣԶʱʱԣҲ䣬Ա߻иɫĿѡ
һ̳֮ǰϲⱸġ
ֻǰϼûٺȡ
ҲǹɣųԿˣʳϲ
ҲϲЩ㣬ĸζ˿˿ζȥ˶
ֻǳ֮ʱʱ۾͵һ¾Ʊװӣɷǿɰ
ӲɺЦ˵ٶˡ
ٺСһ۾ԲæͣĸԼ˾ָѵһСƳ档
ȶ˻֣úԺ۾İ뿿ǽҲۻˡ
˵˱ȥ˯ɣ
ƺѾԺûиӦ
Ǵ̫ů˸˸ʵ˯˯ӣﻹһص
û뵽Ȼ˸һë׵ĸо
ָоʵ̫ˣ
һδ˵ʵԼë޿أ
Щ̲סḧһ°͡
֪СһһƺǺԴֲ˲䡣
ʹ͸о˼
ĻһǰôھӼҵСף̽ĸһӡ
е۾ﻹϸ
ȵֱдָ⣬ʹһʱ䲻ԸͣΪСһ
֪ǲַ̫ãСһȻֱӰ°ʹϡ
ԼԼһдڷŶ
ѹĸоȻһֱĸֱ갲Ȼ˯ǰǰһʱԼɵˡ
ǰȻ˯ĵ꣬ر߹ȥ
ö࣬Ҳö࣬һë׵ĸо
λб䶯ҲûѣȻ˲䣬һƼ˯ȥ
ûзĵ˶
ֵİڴԺ󣬰˱ӣϸϸΪۺñǡ
΢Цӣҹ˯þ
ӻóƱİв뿪ڡ
˴ͷӰ˵ǻع
˰ѾűõЩִٵķԸú˯һ׼ЩµĺӵƺšƬּ̺һ䣺ƾͲҪ׼ˡ
˵һĻصڣȴ֪ע̬ӣȥЩǱ
֪뿪۾ûа⡣
ЦţȻϲҵġ
лҪ˵Ҫϰ࣬»΢һ㣬ôôգ

39

һ, һ䣬ͽϰһǴú졣
Ϥ׼ŵɫ, ȤʲôŴ죿
ֹЩҵ£
Щҡҡͷ˵ǡƬ̺˵¸Ůͻ, ĶŮԪӡ
飿
ܳƴĶع֮, ŮΪÿŮŵٶƷ, ô˵ŮôԪһƷСļĶѡѡأ
οȻͬһԼѡûж, ôĸʻȰ¸ˣ
۾һʱ侪ɲ
Ƭ̹ʵô£
ŵ¾ͰԼ֪ʼĩ˵ԪĵԪӵʺϳ޵, ԾýźúúϼƺϼΪԪѰһ, ʱԪӸİ֮, Ͷϡ
Ǹ˾ǵŮ
ŴϢమּ˴, Ҳһѻ
ܺ, ѻͷβժ, ·ͶϺһϵûС
ɫ𲻳ϲŭ, ֻ΢һʵ˵ǣôʵôһ£
Сļ˵ʵԴһǰԪӲն¶һκԪҵҲԪİΪżȰԪҪ׽
ԪӱαԵԼϲˣǺȴһֱδ˵
ԪΪӲɼ¶ӲϣҲ, Ҳں֮иԪӻżһԪң΢Ϣͨһ˶ĬԪԺԺˣԪȻҲΪģԼҶӾȻ˵ֻȻǾ֡
ԪҼæ벹ȵķͣȰԪӳӲ֪նԵȻӶ׽׽֪Ԫȴ˵ʲôԸ⣬ԪұֻðԪ
֪˵ڶԪȴͻȻͨˣͬ˼Ľ顣
Ԫҹζ࣬ýźףհԪҲöϾ˼
֪ýԪӣԪͻȻ˵˵֮ŮҲʹˡ
±¾ּͻˡ
ڵģһʱƷζϸϸƷζҲǰŴ
ԴǰײԪԺһֱδȻﲻδϾҪڣǻ̫ŮӻǶ֮궼һСĴ
ûͷԪͳ¶ʱ䳤ˣŻԪԶԼһȻȻĺԪ߽˳һ
ⷽ˵㵽ٿ԰˺ͣ飬ʵʱһѣѺԪ֮Ĺϵ˵ɽ֮飬Ϊһߡ
ԼԪ֮䡭һ㣬Ͼ˭֮ʱйγ嶯
ֻû뵽һҹ֮˼תֱ¡
عӵ껹ǿЩصģ˵ŮǽڵԼͷϣˣ͵ʴףǵŮŭҪȢһƷСĶΪ
ԼԴ϶Щ̵ģȻЦ˲٣ͬ˻࣬ϾԼһԪԪҲ
ֻԼΪˣȴ֪ⲻǸ⣬һʵ̫ˣرʱϡ
պԼΪеʱýŰ鹫ڣô̵¼鴫ĸʵĶɲɵĸôּ⡣
ԷȻأȴ͸¶Ϊĺۼ
ҿ϶ĸʵķӦڶԷԤ֮ڻֻɺϣ
ʽѾˡ
Դž¼ԺĸȻûжԶʽʲôʾ֪ĸʱһֱԻʹ䵭ʽҲ͵˺ܶ࣬νǼβˡ
̫ڻˣҳֶá
ʽԼΪУ˶˻һ֡ʽһҵӣҲ̫ܳ֡
崦ԲʣԼôԼ
ǰ֪£пΪԼƽ֣С鲻ô޷죬ܶԼһ֡
ϴˣ϶ѹ棬ȥ˱߽屻ĸʲϲ˶֪ԼʧǱδԺһ¡
ôԼ淽֮˴󵽵˭
ϾԼûзŻ̫Լ֮˳֣ΪԼƽҲܵΪֹ֪Լһ
뵽˴Ժֳ︡˵Ӱͣ֡
ʱĳݷá
΢һ۾ֱӽɡ
ĳһɫĳһֱϲɫɫɫɫĿɫôص·һϴȥ绪ȴɫǣе֮Уȥࡣ
ĳиԺҲԱЦ˵ʹ֮г˱˽̫֮Ůãγпڸˡ
ĳһ˯ϲʶô⻹ǵһš
Цѵô磬ϲԱһЩ˵ĵΪĳʳ
ĳ͹ŶԵһ߷ȴȻͬ
ŵĶŹ淶ڶصĽ࣬ÿһԵҹΪѧϰģ塣
ĳҲܹ淶ֻһʱ򣬾ŵĶҲȻʱߵˣбʳ˵Ķڡ
ֻʱû˼ָͣʵ࣬ôջ֮磿
ĳϲŭƬ̣ͻȻЦˡ
֮¹ȻǵµΪ
˵ԺȤҲǳΪȻôֻͣλƽжһ־ôĳ棬һǵսľģһס
˵֮˸ۣаֱŵӡ
ĳĻ۾΢գ΢ûлػ
ĳһӦһﲻԸֵȻĵ˳̶ȣ
ûзĳĻ֣صĿʵһճҪͬԸ⣿
ĳû뵽ͻȻʳ⣬֪׽֮ԣ̽
ɴһʣĳֳ룬ﾪɲһʱ䷴òλش
ĳαõ֪ԷڲԼ˼ý뵽ѵĴ𰸡
ѵĴȴĴ𰸡
Ƭ֮ƽЦ޷һ벻ûйϵñԼ̫
ĻںֹûĳһɫһӲ԰
˶ں֮䣬һ͸
Ƭ̣ĳ֪ʧȥΨһǸλõĻᡣ
ĳЩĵʵôȷõ
ֳڵӣǲůůЦݵĸλöҵĻγֵĶͲǣˣ
ĳ仰֮ЩȻλϡ
֪γ֮ǹڣʵվڹڵĽǶ˵γֶԼȴһôûС
ԹڶͬΪ̫ǿĶĳǹڶĳһֱȴûвԪ֡
ôֹʹпܵӣпʹŮʲ¼ɣһпӰ̫λӣϾаҪˣǾ˹ڻˡ
ĳΪֻǲŮԪ˽飬ԲŻ֡
֪γԶֹЩԭ
ɵϣǶһԼͲڹж
뵽˴ʹ
ĳǵЦʵѾ𣿡
Цŵͷţˡ
ĳһֱеķȶֵúܺãν䲻ԼѾҲˡ
ĳһΪ׼ǵǳˡ
һаͳˡ
ĳĻʱҪĽŲӲͣסˡ
ĳ֣˵˵̶ʮأǲÿ鶼ӽŲߣﵱȡ֮ʱˡ
ĳ٣˴һʼ໥̽УĬΡ
ԷʲôҪʲôҲԲ¸ʮ֮߰ˡ
֪ĳԼһֱȨ֮¸Լ·޿ɺǣοĳڴ̫࣬ЩǱҪ̵ö࣬ʱоˣʱսѡ
ΪŮĬϲͬİãǾǶȨĿ
ȻĳԼߵģֻ»ǽԸΪԸĳĥϵģˮɡ
ʱ䲻ˣаҪꡣ
޲ɽ֮ϯд󵱻Ů󵱼ޣ֮Ĺϵ֮󽫻ϴơ
һ̾һΪδҪߵ·׼
ļҵŵȻҲΪ·㡭ѡңֻҪͬģ˹ڣĲ˵Ů֮йʲôӣ֮йʲôӡ
ĳжݣԼϲġ
СΧӴŮӲ٣֪ܺúܺãһʼӽֻΪҸӻʱҪõöࡣ
ԭ͸õͷģϾһ𣬲õĻᱻʧ裬಻ᵣĺֵܶĲϲɷ̫ܸɵԼϡ
ֻľˣõԽŸࡣ
ʱͻ룬ϸ˵ֻ͹ڣԪ֮СèСû룬ɱ֮䡣
ǲǿֻһ
Ȼ͹˽ζݽֶ֪̽βͣǹڿЩҹӵߣĳһֱǽģЩھδˡ
ĳһֱ֤Լļֵ֤̫λԼȥʵѡ
ֻû뵽ΪḪ׳нһС
֮ʱѳɶ֣һ
һ֮վǴ
ǡһʼԼ᲻᲻һأ                        
лҪ˵ӳ£ôôգ

40

ĳԺ, ţȥԵüΪӡ
һֱ˲ʲôһͲϵϰߡ
ΪԺ󾭳Ҫܶ, ϰһͲԶ, ȻԲϤ˶֪̫ŮԵҪտࡣ
źԸ׼һ, ҪȥฮƬ̺˵ڽȫ, ʱ䰲ں档
ŵ
֪ػҵ飬Ƭ̾Ͱźˡ
ʱѡһɫȹ, һɫױݣھǰһ΢Ц, ֻ˼ζоЩֵֹ, ЧûԼкá
Ƭ̺Ҳ˷ʱ, ЧٲԼҲǰҪһЩ
һЩ·Ժˡ
Ͼб, ʵฮĴָ
ֻǲ֪Ӻʱʼ, ȥฮۡһͨͿֱӽ, ûͽ˹ڵԺ
ԺĲֹ, ˼Ϊơ
ԺһŴһһ·컰ɷǺÿ
ֻһǳεķɫǶׯŵİɫ뵽˴ͻȻһЩգǲӦôɫȹȽϺʣ
֪ԼЩˣЩ֪ȻԹ, ΪӱһЩȥ飬ŻЩӵ˼
ʱڴӷ߳ϴżǹеϲֻϲ֮л壺ô磬ùţ˵֮æԸЩʳ
ŹڵЦ鷳ˣҳ˶Źġ
֪ڵЦҪ֮ǰھϰʱȻࡣ
Щϸ΢죬֮ǰ޸ֻ۲Ļǻֵᷢġ
һû˯
ǼնûϢã
ḧڵۣǵǰ̽ʵڿʲôԭûϢã
֪ЩҲûҪֻǿǵЩһʱȴô˵ڡ
ôһĪѾ֪ˣ
ô֪˶٣
ЩڼȻ㲻ڣ񶼼ǵõžӵ¼һ;С
Ͳһ㣬һ㣬ٲ
Է˺֣УΪ̫ŮҲԨвǷǣʱάҲδܶɽ
ÿÿ뵽˴ľͷ·𱻾޴ץסƵ͸·ı˴Ƭ˶
ԲͬٴηԲκ˺
ۣ֮֮
ǹڵۡ
Ե֪Ů˼ϵʱ򣬱Ϊǿ߳
˵黹ҪЩĳ
ĳҪռԽӽܻ뷽跨ߣĸԪҲ⡣
ֻĳ￴ԪԶԸԪҲûʲôģǰʾжô׺Ͳ顣
ֻùû뵽ô׾ӵĽԪȻȫˣŵʱ˵˲ʮ仰

ױԻ
ӴȻôˣɵÿ԰
ĳңȻҲԡ
ڴǰͷŮӽԪֻʱûдĸ֪͢ʷҲȷŮ˼
ǱĶԼҪȻ˭Ⱦָ̬˵Ĺϵ֮ƻΣŮڴʱﶼýչ
֪ŮҪʱˡ
ֻԪ˵˼䣬յĹ⾰ԪŮ㡮áϾӵ˼Ӳ˽⣬ⷽŮΪŮȻǱȲϵġ
ŮԪԺ󣬲ֹԼ˵һֹԪ˵ֶԪסĿ
ȻԪΪ壬ߡ
ԲŻӽԪˡమǲܡءԪصĶԼ޸
Ա£ԪΪɢŮˡһȻȻĻһöĵӡ
Ԫ˼Թڶ˽⣬ȻǲģһΣˣ
ȥԪɻ飬ŮĺӣһǸŮӵĻ
ǾԲô·
ŮԸŪΪ֣Ūڹ֮䣬֪ôƿصģûǸǲԼİ֮һġ
ڰʾԪŮ̯ƣҪŮһ
ʱھʹպá䡯ײƴ¡
ֻû뵽ʱȻûеڳֹʱûС
װʲôûзҪȫˣΪԸԼ˳Ц
ɵϣ꣬ʶ֮飬֪ڴĻǵΰ֮¡
Ȼ⣬ǹڲܲ⡣
Ԫ鹫ڣŮ֪Ů쵽ԼʽĺԺ
ž¼پŮӰӣֻһֱ˺ڼңǣ̫࣬ټǰ滹иʹλεè̫ӵİϷ
ŮһʱҲûаעĹעŮϣⳡ֮ʧٵġ
ЩŮ۲Щ飬ֻû뵽ȻҪ飬Ұ쵽ϣȻŭһʥּȥ
ŮȢԪϾŮ۶Ѹ棬ϣǸλӣűŮˡ
ʤƯ
Ϊֹ֪ۣҲŮ۵ۡ
пЦ˵һǧ˰١
ԺŮȻҲǲϲģŮ۶۰صԸôĻƻŮߡ
Щ֮ǰԤϵˡ
ܺãڳ֮ϼ˼ѧһʰ֮ġ
ټŮ۵ķ֣պȻ֧á
ֻ˵ǹȴ֪ѪԵף֮¿üء
üأпܱǣ񣬱ƻԭ¶Է
ԭ¶ԷԷᣬǱ˻
ǣŮ۶ƫ
óĻŮǵ̫Ů
Ů۲ֹһӣЩӻŮҲǱµĹѪ
˺ģǴ֮λҪȥǸ˾Ǻˡ
Ȼˣϰɨɡ
ֻȻڣ⺦¡
ɰǣɰ
ôãԼĻ֮֮β£
Ժҡ
֪Ժ
ϾǿŮԪһҲˣԼȴŮ֡

û˯ãǸû˯
֪жôȥöԷԭ£һ뵽ǲ罾ϻ¶Ա飬ζҶ߳һ
һ뵽˼֣ҿǸоĿͱ鵶Ƭʵϡãֹͣˣһʱ˵
Լ̽쿴ɫ԰ףͷ侹Ȼðһʱ־ּ
æ׼дȴץסû¡
صѰ
˳ĵͷԾİֵݸ
Ժ˵ǸΪϧ˵ʱῴЩҽ飬Զ֮µʱͨһ
ǹأ
ЦŶԹʵ¿ɷ˵
й֮ˣҪȢķ֮Ǽˡ
οΪԼ֣ۺʲô飬Ӳ
ֻҪԼڣ赣ǡ
ֻû뵽ѾڶǵƬ̹ڶûлشԼĻ
ϵЦˣĹҲ
ԼôֵΣ
֮Ĺϵֿ
һܵĻԸ˵
˵ԼʲôоֻǸеһꡣ
뿪ʵģֻһԷΪ촽ҧѪˣǷˮ⣬Ҳ˵ˡ
ḧŹڵĴҧˣúϢɡ
˵ǹһӲЦݣ֮ǰھǰЦݻҪö࣬Ψһˡ
Ȼ˵Ҳֻˡ
֪ӿߺҡ
һľ·𶼱ߣֻľżһϣն߳ķ
ţҪˡ
лҪ˵̫ϧԷᱻǣסţֱ˵

41

żΪ嵭εƲƲ, ȥһ㶼óԡ
ЩĿһۣЩߵļڲ˳
ſߵֱð, Ҷ֪̫Ůǽͷ, ϻ嵥ʳ˾͹ˡ
˭̫ŮǰŹԺϲ, ǽСȫˡ
ڶϳ˼Ŷ
Ƕͨ˶ԲСһ, ̫Ů֮滹ʲôûֵĲ֢Ǻã
ŷԺ˴
һʲô£ԺȴΪЦ
ʲôŭ, Ļʢ
װ÷ƵǼźĶ֪ӲڹŹ˻ӡ
رǿҽ˵˾Ĳҩҽͱһ۵˦˹ȥ
дû, Ȼصӡ
ʹڵҽ, Ǹ˾
ⲻͿЩ嵭ʳҩŸ̫Ů, ȻǽĶȻҲ嵭ˡ
ԭŵ, ǿԸעת, ȻҲȥˡ
֪һðŻ𶻶
, ְŲɫ, һɵְ̬̫ҽйˡ
ʳӵ嵭˼书ˣԻ߻ħ
ǺǺ
ϸǸôأ˿һͬڵǵӣ֪˿ӻΪҪˡ
Լ첻ûԣҪЩһҩζҩš
Ǹ̫ҽϲ, ָ֮Ť˵ôأʲôĻʢô˵զȥ˵飿
ģϡ
ľǹˣ
ôŮƣĸʵǹʹԼȻһ仰˵
ԼҲûϢ˵㲻׷㲻˿˵
ȻôĻˡ
ԼˣҲԼ
ô
׼սôϹˣ֮ʲôûзǰɣ
Ҫϱӵѹƾͱǰˡ
Ů˲ǰɣ
ļȫûĽ
ԽԽԽȾԽϻ𣬸οҪϵĶٶʳƣһСֱˡ
ﰵп࣬˲ĺ鵱ʲôûĸ˸µꡣ
ŵݹȥͿԵķһʳﶼԵĸɸɾϲ鲻ϲҩ󣬲˷ѣȻҪġ
ǶǳˣڵĿζĻǸˡ
ǲ֪ĳ꣬ǽϻˡ
ʱʵŮµӻȥ𣿡
ŮڴͻһֱûʲôҲûվ˵ʲôֶ˼ǡáĻӡ
ԭ˿֮ϣӦҪһʱ䡣
û뵽ձյӣ˵Ϊ˸лʶƵʹĸһ׮ԵʹԪżɣⷴӦٶȹġ
ҲǸߡ
˵˾ȫڹٳ
ٳ˳ͣϵ൱ֻֿѣ󲿷˻ǷǱߴǱߵġ
Ů˱Ƚ϶ǲ²⣬Щ²ˣ˳ɻҲɼٵģٵҲġ
ڲ²⻹ûȫסʱҹ磬ȷʵǸķ
ټĸʴͻ壬ЩԱȻҪЩһ˵ġ
۾΢΢ǲ֪λ׼ʲô˵ˡ
ЦŻصҪҹ磬ȻҪȥġֻЦⲢδﵽ۵ס
ӶԳƱˣ
ֲ˲ĺˮֻҪˡ
θ粢ûǰʱø粻
һ½ӾͿŮ崺վſӭͣԪЩߵվ࣬·һԱϲףˡ
ľӭ˹Ϊ˵Ľ岻Ӧòˣû뵽˸ӡ
ָЦõϢһͨģӦ֪ʵް
죬沿齩Ӳ˲ָֻ糣ЦĽ鸣죬Ȼµġ
ЦŵͷҲû˵ʲô
ʱԪҲˣɫӣƺʲôҪ˵Ҳ֪ôľȻ˳ˮ۵ԪĽʶҺúкʽ㡣
Ԫô˵һϲЦŵͷǡ
Ԫʮ껪۽ǴҸϲúӡ
΢һЩͺûֻ黹ǵһμʱһŲͨµ¶ʹ棬Ҳ֪ǸǻЩȷʵ̫ˣҲģ
Ԫڿʱ黹һĽźͲﲻץ½ǣ·˼˵Ԫԣлл̫ŮԪȫԪ˵˸
ȫ
üë΢΢𣬲֪ȫӺζ
ɫĵճɾĺ£̫⣬üżɣƥ䡣
ԪԼŮƥ䣬˿ԼҪģЦ˵ԭҲûԼ⣬˹Źſס
Ԫ̸ڣ۾ת˲ţԪһĳԼȻûпӾǿҲδػ⡣
ЦһֱûԼ⣬ǲ֪һòŲģ
ԪЩɬĴˡ
Цζ
ԪЩǵʵ֮ǰԭȥŸллŹӵģ֪ŹӾȻ֪ڿɺһЩûУ
˻һһʱ侪ɲ
ˣ
ǲԪдʣ
װԼ֪µЦӦްģҩ˯˯ͻõġ
Ԫɵĵͷ
ʱ䱾ǸոպãԺҹ㿪ʼˡ
ĹԱǲ٣ʱʱ޹ʹףھҲȴԱᵹǿȥֺ
Ĺ۲ͻ֣ᷢһЩһ仰û˵޵Ĺ۲̫ŮĶȷ̫Ů̬Ȳžվӡ
΢˵ȤҶ֪Ϊ˺˳ȴ֪Ǹ֣ˮǧֻȡһưﶼԪҹӣ֮ҲҪóԸȻҪúصġ
Ȼ׿˵ǳֻ֣ҪһգֵñӾ;ժ
ôΪŮ۴ͻΪӰԪû취Ŵͻģû紫ǰ㱻
룬Ҫ֡ҪȢҹӾ͵õˡ
û֮һǱֵüΪϿҵн죬ҪлĽȫ
ȫ
ȫԪ
ȻΪԼģһ»
ЦЦâ֮ǰȾ˺ȻҪȫһƬ˼Ӱ徲
ĵһ仰ԱǻƷһƷ֪̫Ů˼
ǵڶ仰ͼֱӵöˣλεĽҪ
û뵽ʱ˵ôֱӵĻ䣬ôάסеЦݡ
ֻǴ󲿷ֹԱǽףضٶšġ壬ҪúñϢ
ſ΢üʵӺαأ
ŮѾŮԵˣαٶһŮԹޣ
ʣǲһþ͸ִ۳ֵˣ
æҡͷŹסȻǣ
ЦҲڲǣڻǳˣǾʹҪǿĸأֻڲԸ˵Ҳ֪ʲô顣
οĸ㶼ûųͷĳͷȴ㻹أȻҲʲôĸ֪Լ֪
ϧĸʲԸԼȥ
ЦʵոԪ˴ȷԼ⣬㣬˽⼸Ԫ쳣
Ԫϲŭɫ쳣ȻͱˣҲڹôá
Цǰž¼ڡ˺ԪôһĵûУͳ¶
Ԫŵ̫治ͨ£Լ˶ҲΪס˼һע⵽ܶƳˡ
ԪģΪ֪塯û˺
һһŮҹ֮ǰѾ˺ˣΪԵ綼ûȥҲ˵ŮõϢʱӻҪ硣
ɺ
ôɺϣ
һֱӺϢ£ͨΪΪŮ¸ҲҲŮӣȴ
͵˵ʵôõϢģҪܱʲô˵ҵҲ⡣
ǰͽӴԪȴһֱض˵
Ǳ֮ôҵˣ
жӲĶԷܵ˺ô궼˵
ڰ˺һǵҵ㣬֮δز䵶ӡ
˴һѾʪ͸
Цʵ㣬涷ΪʤΣ
ԲмŮ޸֧֣ǳǵգȻ°磬Բӳڣӱө֮ԣ
ͷȻ˵ЩţʵˣҺӲû˻Ӯǡǡǿֲ֮ɵҰ˼ͷϡ
Ƭ̺Ŀ¶ЩǶ֪֪ģ˵ϵĶ̣
켱ʲô
ҡҡͷϢ̫ˣҲ
ӽղŻŮҪ֪˭죿
εҡͷڶŮҵ˭֪ûôȥǿԪӴңӦҪ̽ҡ˵˴ЩüֻԪԼ֪ԼǱó̽ģҲȷҪ̽ʲô
Ҷ֪ڵֱʣȻҲ֪ģֻӦòȷǲָʹġ
˽ƻϲרӪʹøֲǵ㡣֪ڵµ֣ڶԽԽΪΪҵԭ֣עȫתƵ
ЦŹĸӹȻе֮ˡ
û뵽ͻȻһƨĹЩ˼˵ʲôأڶ֮ãȻҪرġ
Цû˵ӾӲְߡ
˵øǹŹӣԪӡ
ŹãӶԹŹȻ֮顣
ԪӲͬѾӻά˵ŮԪ֣ʵˣŮڶ̫ý˽ù顣
ֻԪѾŮˣȻǰ˵ʲôˡ
ʵǵĶ˵Щ޷֮
˶֪ĸƫԼԵԼԺĸʾ͸ͻԪҶΪΪĸʶԼά
ǻǶ˵ЩֺγǶά
ԣڵԼĶ֣Լ˵鷳һЩҪ¾ҪأҲ̫ѡ
ʱĸΣϾ˶ˡ
ĸʳֳͷһ٣Լûˡ
Ѿǵһˣ֮ǰʽ鵽һĸʾͲԼˣҲǣԼûпʼ飬ĸʾʹͻᣬԼ
ԼΪ˲ĸʵõϢ϶ģ㲻ûûڶࡣ
ϸȨ֮ľϵʱ֮ͬ䣬ǳŮ֮ǰ
ŮѴ󣬶ĸδϡ
ǰϵľվһȷѪ꣬ᣬǾ͸ȴѾ
Ҳеġ
ʱ·;ȥԽƽ̯ʵԽǲɱ
ѡȻ뵱ңү̫Ů
Ϊү·̫Ůˣһʧ̫ܵŮܹңһ
ŮȫϣԼԼҪ͵㣬Ҳôۡ
񼸸ʽģԼ̫Ůۣĸʻλв
ǸһβףҪ߾衣
Ǹ˵ǲԸǸһԼ󣬶Լ׻׻̻׻ԼһᷢչĸŮеľ档
սַɣݺݵҧԼͷڵѪͷԸ
εľԼĸԼ֣Ȼһжֻǲ²⣬õ档

42


һֱһϲ, رϲÿ˸˼ټٵ, ʵС
ֻǽᵽһ˾ͿʼЩ, ʱǰ볡ˡ
ȵ棬еķû
ԭſӻ, ſӹԾı, ۹۱ǣǹģһʲô鶼ûеӡ
Щ, һ
װһ, һȻʵǸһѾԼû, Ǻ໥õȴһĲԸ⽻, δ
һ֮ȻӣȻɫӵĿԼ
һ˿ĸ׿ԼǸ鳵΢
һʵӡѺûУ
ɵԷʲô˵, Ҫô壿
źЦֻԼû˵, ûֹԷ˵Ƭ̺ɫӵʴϻ, ֮ҲΪ˽, ôѡõġֻǹ鰮֮£ūΪԸڣҲҪʲôͽź
̧ͷѸɫȥŸ
ŵ
ʱȥŸȻǲ̫ϹصģԺͻȻֳʱҲΪů¼ĶһֱԼǷҲ飿
˳ڵСԺ, Ǻһһ·ϳͨ衣
¹Ѿ˯ԼԽСԺԺûͨ
ڵߵСЩɫЩǵĴӹڵķ˳ڿԺʾȻǿϲ밲
ɫæʵڿǳʲô飿
С˵ʲôֹסˣֻɫǵֻҪ̫ŮڣӾͲд󰭡Ƭ̺дǹӡǵ̫Ůģ̫Ůӻᣬӻĵúܺõģٸ̫Ůǵģ
üͷ΢壬Сźˣжȣ˵
񡭡ĪԼĻҪأ
ҽȥ
ûпСԼ仰ʱ¶ͻϲЦݡ
ڵķŵīϵζϵζһģһԴ֪޸Ժԭõ̴㶼ٵˡ
Ȼһ֧ûе㣬˯
˳¹⿴ȥ֮䴲ŸһӰ
ϡɱӰŷţͷǰ
ǹڣ
ǰѧ飬һ˯ʱǾʹûаȫУʱ˯ģԺ˺ܶʱŵԸ״̬
ڱŷţͷǰӣǲ硣
Ĺ֥绪ô
ƺΪС࣬ЩɳƵЩźˣЩȥϢɡ
΢̴ȤǱźô죿
ڲŵתѾ߽ûϴԼԺԼǰ
Цݻôůãôá
õ¥һ
вϲʱҲž޴Ŀֻţʲô˵ǲ⣬֮ǲҲûԺ
æܹܵȥ
ֹڿԼԺæԼΪ̫Щˤ
ãסˡ
׼˵ЩʲôʱĻӦǹּҵӵ嶼оʹĳһ˿صĵطȴˡ
лſǻİԲ𣬶ԲϴֻǺ²ûлشģ֪ʲôͳͳ㣬ôҶԣǲҪһ֮˺òã
ḧգ̶ʱڱɫ㲣ӡ
ʵ͸о˵ģ˰ǣԼȴֻһֱҿ϶ˡ
Ͼĸڴȴûеõġ
ǰڹ¶ԺģȻһɰƯмΪǾΪ̫Ưˣѡʱǲѡ
ΪܾõһǺܺҵͥģĺӲǸҪġ
Ծһһ꣬һһˣڿ佱ֺԺתСȻҲϰЩ˵ϲԼ˵ſϧȴԶѡԼ
ڹ¶ԺҲ֪û˻Լ¶ֻܿԼ
ǵúСʱһԷ򸾺ϲȻûȴһƯܣϱյõˡ
ôϲﲻΪƯΪҲһӵԼĶ
ȫԼĸоڴСʱ¶ԺʲôҪǴδԹøо
ϧܱ죬¶Ժ棬԰ǾҪСѡ
Ҳǹ¶Ժİ̵һηƽʱɵСŮ˹ִһ棬ıסܲ˵һ仰ȴôϷ֡
СǴ˵Ķ֣ΪӰ첻ãСǶ˽ߣǻǰߡˡΪ˻úõĽСӲô˽
ǰ̵Ϲȥ֪ǷҲô󷽣
ǻкö˽Ʒȴֻһܡ
ǸСѣΪܣ͵ҲãҲãҲУǻ뷽跨û
ĶҪεץУʧȥζҪ
˹¶ԺĴͷЩϲô
ֻҪܡ
ԭΪҪһӵģ֪Ϊܵļץסܼˡ
һƲζƴӲˡ
ºαЩӣȴˣҲزˡ
˵Ҳ˼ǰҲƵִ
ǰΪ̫Ůǳ֮󸸾ȥˣ˵Ǳĸʴ󣬵ĸʲֹĸףǺöຢӵĸףµĵ
Χ߶ηϲȻҲ׽ġ
ǰСͱ̵̫ŮȺΣҲǼΪģȻͲʱ˷
ں֮ȫԼġִֻǱεѹһӲ˷֣Щִȴڴ̼
Ҷ̫ŮȻϣΪʵǫá
֪ԼΪûôˣĶ٣ķĻȴƫִɿռǿմȾ֡
۾ˮȴӿΪʵʲô𣿡
ڼԸԼԸԼﲻɵһ޻ϲæȻԣԵ֪޲޲
΢ŵջħĵૣǵȫȫ𣿡
û뵽ʵĻֻԱⶼҪôöࡣ
ֻҪʵشˡ
ڿ϶ĻشǰֻҪѻҪңһӶġ񡭡˵һЩɬͣƬ̲ץ۵Ѿ벻ˣ㰢ңҲݲ±˵ˡ
ڹõģ뵽˴ڹһĴȻֻѵˮ
ûӦ뿪ˣٶȿǻþǴϻȷܵģյĹУ⻹ǹڵһô
ŹȻ糺죬˫ʱڰ׷˫Ȼ˿ʹδйļᶨ
ǶļᶨΪʲôԲҪҲҪػļᶨ
ɵϣԽԽɵ
ϹڵĴ˵ࡣ
ȻһʼĽţɬǼӦ
ȡġ
һʱϢֻཻб˴ˡ
֪˱ߵ˴ߣֻһǣȴоԼϻ
ŮŮǷģòοѶ顣
ͣϢƬ̣Ļ
֪ʱĴǣߵ૵ڽϦʱ
Щεĵڡ
Цˮƽ˵ҪȢңֻǰһЩ̵ôࡣ˵Ȼ붯Ϊ´
Ůԭܵһӡڴ֮Ƿл뿴ŮӣڵһǾԲܲʹġ
οǰʧ˵ʲôʵ飬̫ŮǾԲڴǰʧӵġ
һȢǴ飬ڶ̫λӱ㲻ˡ
Ϊ̵ô࣬Ҳû͡
ڿֹԼĶϵЦһѲѾԭԼΪԸ⡭
ڿķӦɫһӾͲ԰ֽԾɹ䣬ǿЦẰѣ
һ¹ڵĶͷֵ룬ҳԺǾʹɣЩʵԸҵ̫Ů
ڱϢҵôƬ̺ӿϲ˳վ࣬æȻԸġ뵽֮ǰԼŮӦòϲԼЩɵʵڲ̫ϲʵڲҾ㲻̫ҲһĶԲԣ
˹ڵıǼ϶ֻҪͷǸλӾģסĵٴѯʣԸ𣿡
ϲԸ⣬ζԸġ
һʱѾˡ
鲻ԽİԺ
տΪ
Ϊ
ϲŭΪ
ҲΪ
аڣһѾ㹻ˡ
ıŹڣֻֻСܳˡ
ԺС뿪Ҳǲֵġ
СܲŲ뿪ÿʱÿ̶ܸоСܶԼİָоǲƭ˵ġ
ֻСеɵһͰԼŵúᣬᵽҲһȻӣȫᱣԼ
ҪúñԼСܡ

ӽԺ
㣡                        
лҪ˵Ҫôôգ

43

峿ůϸ, ߴߴզզһ졣
, ǻʲôȻһΪ, ˲
ǵԼʱ˲ͱƽˡ
ԭѻ
һжΡ
˳ֿ˯̫ʦĿԼЩɬʵʲôʱ, ôң
ЦһñȳҪһЩ, һֱûϢãѵ˯ôôȥţ˯᣿
հѻ˵⿪ĽԺ, ֹ춼ûкúóԶȻǽ׼ʳ, ԺʱҲЩ, , ˸̫ʦ˯ڹ࣬ߡ
ڲ˼Ц˯, ϴŰɣЦı֤, ֮ú˯š
ĵͷһ¹ڵĶͷ
Ҳûз, е֤׵˼, ԺûпԸ£˯ʱҲҲϢ̵ġ
λҪϴţƬ̱׼
óһƽۣóһݸ˹ڵ֮ǰϽֵʱеģ˵ʲôƷʯҵһۿȥϲ, ϴξøģһһ
Ц۾״ΪĵĽӹƽۣϸϸĲԺ
ƬԺתӹóһִȻʮ
֮еԶֹסһʱֿòǺС
Ź˰죬ƺóһݸ
ӹüȤҿкöôֻһ㻹кöҪ
ЩĽ͵Ȼǣ׺ôٸЩĽ͵ҴСһ;ʾͱ˲Щ嶫ͿóʲôǿԣҪüǴĳЩ⾳ȴô
ЩĶǶһģֻòÿһֱظ壬Ǹõˡ
ûϵҿԼ壬嵽ΪֹֻǺĻ˵ԽԽСԽԽûе
˵͹͢в࣬Ҳ㾫¡
Цʵϲ𣿡
ڶһʱЩסˣǴҹӵǹ淶ǱѧĿγ̡
عĻϰУǳɻʱ㲻ðѼȫãǼҲҪ岿ֵģ֮ҪһЩΪױԴΪӵͻɡ
Դһ;ͿʼѧϰģֲֻãŬҲֻø¡
ʫʸ踳黭츳ףټϿѧλҹ˫վһϯ֮ء
ֻΪӣ׾ѧϰдʦ̵ˮƽ
˵֪ر£뵽˴ЩûţοױԼƷ
ǴϲϲʵûжĹϵ뵽˴һ㣬̸ϲ
ڵͷЦһ㣬Ǿʱ壬Ͳ壬˸Լ̫ѹ
ԺĿҼôãԭΪһԾһôͨұС˵þ£ϡãҳ㣬ֻĽ˵ġ
ԴӺһľǻ
ڻЦҪ׼һЩģҾΪԼɺã
ĵͷ
λı
ʵÿ˶ҪԼλϵ顣

Ȼǲɵģܶʱǲĵġ
ÿ˶Լְλϵ飬ôὫף˶ܺߡ
񲶿첻ȥץѰյĶˣûǮ˰첻ǮͻγһֵĶѭ
ǹڵĺܶණѧϰʱΪ˽ϺõȥֻҪһǸ˼ͿˣֻҪ⣬ȻҲͲˡ
Ͼ˶֪һԺ󣬹ڼϵѹ̫ᡣ
˵ľϾޣ뾡ڼ˸⣬иʱϲ飬ú£ⷱ˼һ⡣
ֵǰ׵׽˿Ϊķˣվһʻ̴ͩϡ
Ȥôһֻ˹Ϊһ˫棿
εĿһ۵ͼ壬ҲҪ͸ҲŸһֻ档˫ʲôġʱǲδ˵ͱߺԽԽơ
׺ߵ˶˲ȥһ£۸һ¡
ЦʵڵȡûУ
عŮӳ굱һΪȡ֣ҲζѾ˵˼
ܶҹ˵ûŮǰ㽲ǴҲϰףЩľͻɷȡֱӲȡˡ
ȡ֣һõģֻǳ굱ѣֺţľȻȡĸʣĸʶᡣ
ںֻͬ꣬ҪС£˵Ӧбѡֺˣдһʡ
ЦڻûУ˵ٵȵȡ
ٵȵ⼸ֵ˼Ϊ΢ȻǸ˼ˡ
Լ͹֮һΪĵĳһӲ˵ʲôΪס
Ҫ֪ĳ飬̫ò˺ö顣
ѹ⼸ʮĸϲһССΪļ֮һȷʵ֪ʶȤй֮
ЦΪȡһɣ
ڵƤЦǰѿҪȡһŶ
˷ֹͩʵʳȪϵḧͩɺã
ѣ
ŹĿƵһЩ˵ͩǷ˵ѣڲɡ
ھȵûţδ˿ܣֱӭãͩﶼȥԶŷ˹ҡ
ҡҡͷҪ
ЩɻĿ
ŹЩֵҲ
æҡͷȻǡЩɵȻȥģֻǵıŵԲųٳٲȥ
㲻㲻Ҹ˵ЩҾͲܺѵ
Щɻĵૣ壿
ŷѾ˵ˣҲ̫νŮӵӣһ˵ˣȻҪģҿģҽЦ棬úóԵĸҳԣ˵
жңÿζ˵Լоģעûϣʲôоʲô˵ôԺǲǽʻԽԽ٣
Խ˵Խֱ׳ŮӱҪ˺ģΪ̫Ů棬ܲ˭ҶҪӣ˵ôң˽ң˵ǷҲͳͳˡ
˼ײ͹ǰѧһ˼ײͷֱð
СѧϰǲɳֳҪС
֮ǰŭѹҪڸͣȴֻһȴеͽһԼۣʱȥ߶¸һ˿鷳
Ȼ׽ģЩ뷨ںǷϲԵ΢ˡ
֮ǰ˵ͩĵʱҲһڵĵһѡһŷ˵Ĺ
û˲
Ȼģ䲻ֹһͩ
ô
ϣͩͩһֱԶԭص
ȵϣȵ
ԭЩҪģ߽ģ͵ģġ
ԹڶҪȻǧԸ⣬ζ׽һЩ
ںѧһƽЦǰѧΪ˸ðģǰʵϲĲȫЩȻҪġ
ڿˣ׵һЦ͵ԵƷСЦĽƽࣺ
ԺҴʳѳ
һȥϷ
һȥ̻

ʲô߰ѣ
߰жϲ
Ҷ԰ѵİһӶ˵ꡣ                        
лҪ˵ӵġٺĽ̡ϲĻ͵ղأôô
ǰ
īԨֵܱѣֲ书ܴķ
ҡ֮ǰ֮ˣīһȺ֮
īԨۿҪȥΪ֮ʣīһˡ
ǵӰǰƴҪȳīԨ
˶˵īɵѾīԨḶ̌Ҫƴ;īԨø³
˲֪īԣⱲҸīԨĽ̡
īһһˣ޻ڡ

ͬھīԨˣ
ī㣬ػ㣡
  蹷ֻйȮ

44

͹źȻҪȥ˵ġ
˵û滹˵ùȥ, ˵ûʲôڱ˶һҹҲֲ˼, ȻҪȥġ
͹ŷ˻Ǹе, ƺӡ
ʵҲǺõ׼˼Ȼʱ, ּϺ˼ôġ
ټ϶Էǹڵĳ, ԼҲ̽ʲô
շҲ
֪򸾶⣬⡣
λϿȨ, ֣Ůϡ
Ϊһĸ, ˽Ļǿɹ, ֪ԼĶʵǺܲġ
ʵȴѾûжôˡ
ΪڵѾȫȫĹ̫Ů, ֻҪ̫ŮԸ⣬ԼҵɵǱȫ, һ㷴ضûС
̫Ů˵ʲôʲô
ȨĽǶ˵, Ķܲܰ, ܰһΪֵÿ⡣
ԶԻ֮úá
ĸ׵ĽǶ˵, ±۸ȥ
Լӱ۸ϾԼжٽģֻΪΪ̫ŮֽţôҪЩίġ
ϾʼҵŮһʡ͵ĵƣĸĳ֣
ǰĵλŮǺףǺͻʼ, ѡĵطĲࡣ
ĵӾֻйһ˺ͻʼҽ׻嶤顣
ʱŮ֮ʻľŮ̫ŮŮ
ֻû뵽ԼĶôã̫ŮУ֮ʼϲĶӾȻôݽȥˣΪ̫Ůϧ֣ⶼû޽ȥأ
ûַ·תǶⷬȻøõ̫Ůġ
˽⣬̫Ůڸ鷽棬и֮⣬˶ֵӣǻȨĵӽ˸һûУɾò˼飬֪ǲΪ˲ϲ
ֻû뵽̫ŮԼҵġɵӡģ̫Ů˿ȥ䲻׽ӽĻȣģǼΪġ
·棬֪飬Ůı˭ϣ̫ŮܹǸλӡ
ټ̫Ů֪񣬳֮⼸˸ԽԽء
Ȼǧ⣬֪˹̫λ̬ǸΪ׺͡
뿪ฮԺֱӻصҪԺ󣬹һʱ䣬׼Ƭ̱ȥĸˡ
Щ飬ȻѾ֪ĸʡ
лһЩɻҲҪĸʽ⿪
ǵʱɣĸʸողŰɣȤѶ
Щ˼ЦĸæЩʱ
ΪǰĸŮʵѾղ
ĸû˵ƣŮùڵ̫Ůĸʳȫ
Цá
û뵽ĸ׵ıӦ˴¡
ĸʿŮı͵ڸ涼ܺãĻֶΣҲʺֻ̫ҵǺϲǡǡͬһ㣬Ǿ̫ˡ
û˵㲻ϲרˣ̫λʱԹ˵˺֮˵ǸӵԸһ㲻÷޲ֹͬˮ𣬷Ը
һֱҶûаָ㣬Ϊ̫λӣԸȻϲģĸȻûзԵĵ
Ůе˵Ѷþûкˣһ֡
Цȴ֮
պŮ嶼֣һĸʵļҪߣֶ䣬ַһ١
ǺĸѵõĻʱ⣬Ҳͨһϣõĸ׵Ŀҫ
±Ǩһʱһʱ
â̫¶Ļ
֮Ծݰ˿ڣƬ̾Ѿʼ¶ܼ
º͵ȻʥƣƽȡѶΪĸףϣִ֮˶ӡ
ЩĿĸʣֻĿ峺ŹĿԼ
΢ůĸǰȻǸӡ
Щ꣬ر⼸ĸķȨټϰԵлץסԸ
ʹԭͲǱںܶ˵Ȼǲкܶ塢ȨѹԼϣҲΪ˱ڴ´Ӳһ˿и
˵ڲ֪Ѿһ˵ˣŴϵ̸ڣһ˲ֹ꣬ᶯҡԲԸ⿴ġ
ȶΪִ֮ˣҪִ֮˵Ĳأδս԰ܣȫԸܲС
һȶ񣬽벫ɱ״̬
ռߣ˼ȫϲֿʧ´
ټϲֹؼ汸жȣֻҪץһ˿ͻĲ˺һӣɸɾ
ЩĶټǰľ飬ȻҲ
ȻһʼʧʧȻ˼άڳˣַٳҵͻϮֶκҪʱƴԼ˰٣ҲҪԷһǧ
һԾҲڲͣɱΧŵҳһ¡
һյĲɱ֮£ĸŮ˽û֣Ҳֻյʤӡ
̣ɫŰӿ
Ҳֻ϶ɫ
ɻ󣬿ĸʽ
ЩԽװ֪ԽпܳΪһϣ˿ڲ¼޷ϣһʼ𰸲⣬Ҳ֪ࡣ
۱˵ʲôԼô룬ڶĸ׵κΪԣƫִҪĸʵĿеõ
Ů۾İӿȻɢָֻɴȰĸ׵οЦѶȷʵˣ˶°ɡ
ѾҺ󹧾ʵĸֱ׳꣬ΪηôȨ
֪̫Ůĸһмǵһ壬ۺ񣬸ƹܷعȨ
м֧֣ڱŮ۾˵һĴڡ
ټ׾͸ߣǵ͵̫Ů
Աµһ׸ϵ֮ҲС
ǵͬԺߵļҲŮ۰ĬϵģϾ˶ס
ԭǵŮΪ̫ŮϱռȻбǮ
ֻڷعϾĹȻ֧߲٣λȨصȴûС
ϾĹٲ佫˼Ҫһ㣬ٺÿʼδ꣬ĹٶĲԶǽöע
ʱŮ۰ѹڽܸ
Ĺ׳ɣȻﲻ壬һǨҲѾ
ڼ޸Ժ˵һĻᣬҲùżұֳĲѡ
ӪΪļӳ֣˵ٵĽĹٵıʣɹ䵽ʱͻƣڶԱѳɣȻ׷վӡ
ڿ˵Ů֮⣬ڷع졣
ͷҲͬһƬ֮ô̫֣
ԭλʽڣԵһôۣǱ޿ɱܣѾƵ̨ϡ
ֻٶĸʵƲĸΪҪ˼
ɻȻ̧ͷԶƺڻʲôʵѶ˽֮ң
϶ĴȻ֪ģĸʹΪ̫Ůȴƣıȵۣȡλĸʲҷнع̫ƽʢ
ŮЩɬЦǣҲȫǡ
˼䣬˵ĸŮĺƣҰ㱻ȵյΪ̫ŮҲǱΪϸ࣬ӭȢмҵӣҲ㸸Ϊ̫
ԭ˶ΪδԾѡԼôΪġ
ϧвƣȴһĸͬƭȥĮɱҾһĻصعѾԺˣȵ˵λ
Ȼҵɻ󣬵ҸͬͬԴµʱò켺ҲòˣʣµĶ¡
һǻŭ𣬾ΪǿܴӵټһȵǱԴеıɱػʳǶõλʱЩıߣҲԺԷǵȫɱһ˿ء
֮ҵɽ𺣣ʬҰҡ˷عĹ
ºʮʱ÷عǿ󣬻ָ
ҹλʱ룬ҵʱ̫Ů֮λˣᱻƽɱΪ鲻еӷѡ
ұɱ֮󣬲طعضλعҳǻʮ궯Σ
ϾǸʱҶضλûоԵİյģԴ˵ʤΪΪܣҲӦȥơ
Сһ𳤴β֮ܲ£ǵû֮÷عԪ֮㶦мĿҷعһͳ¡
ÿ뵽˴Ҿͻھκ֮С
һŭʬǧ˵˵ѡ
֮·Ҫ˵Ϊ̫ŮвͲٲȵ۹Ϊһ֮Ҳһšλ֮СĶΪ
оѣһֱԼΪעɱ¼֤ģ¹Ȼעģ
ͷ˵ȻΪ̫Ůǲһȵ۶鼫Ϊ谮еĶҲУڸĲܸг̣ۺڲ֮䣬˼ΪܳΪ̫ŮΪұ곤
æĸ۲ΰԣȻܱȵģ
Ц㶼û飬ƨ
û뵽ĵϣ㬵ı졣
ŮۼʵΪһ㶼ûд̫ŮֻΪСǺ֮䣬˭СأڱСͬʱŸɲܳԽңǳǵճ̫Ů޿ɺǡ
ŮۼΪ֣صĿҵѡ̫ŮȻ˽棬ĸȻҲõĶ㡣
ǷعľĸףΪһϸľҲֹҪùһǿʢҲҪΪعһҵһõĴοлᣬϣһͳ¡
ҼȻѾѡ㣬Ҳûʧ¡Ϊ˱ⲻҪ⣬ȻںʵʱһЩʱ˵ͷ
ԿһĳɳҲŻʵʱһȨ
⼸ΪĿԽԽãҷȨٶȻԽԽ졣
ȻϲȨƣǴӲ̰ȨƣλӺǺãϧ̫ˡ
۾ɫΪĵǾԲعĻȨٳκΣ֮ҲٳһΣΪĵߣ
˷ȨǷֹĸŮ֮˭⣬һԶȥ
عĴֻҪŮڣڣԲ⡣
Ȼع
֪Ҳ֪
ļΪص˵ҪǣΪǷعΪ꣬Ϊͳһ꣬ԲΪȨֻ꣬ùûںġ
λӰƿصٶȣʮͻϤǸʱҲǻȨʱ򡣡
ĸôһ˵ЩæŮϧ˵һ㱻Ůֹסˡ
ĸʰѪλЩ᲻ãʲôԹҲˡΪδʮ·ߣҪ֮·ûкߵġ
뵽ʲôȤʲôһҪѡ̳ˣΪ˶ʡ飬ɲҪĸʧ
ȺֲǺĸʵû뵽ȨϵʱĸʾȻôֻĸɲôķȨ
ԹҵĽǶ˵ӵȨȷʵǶԷعΪмĻ΢΢ϾҪڷعһֻ˵ĻȻСǲǲܡ
عǿʢҪͬʱ֧˵ǾԲܵģһһ⣬߾ͻ⵽һķ񱨸ͬʱֻҪеһڣعͲû䡣
һգعȨƵŮڻȨϴ˹ʶҲΪպһͳ˻
лҪ˵
йʷϺܶ೯ư֣ܶȨʱںġ
Ůʵкܶܣ̿
´ֳǲ֮ǰ˵ļӸ

45

ʱæ, ʵûʲôʱǲæģֻʱæ, ʹŰɡ
ʱҪ, ڳҪƽʱҪ֮⣬Ҫﱸﱸ, ҪʱʱĶ̫Ů, Ҫ׼ˣ˿˵æת
书Сɣ, ֻǾæ嵹Ǻܽ
ʵ, , Ҫȥ׼Ķ, ·̾һΪ顣
̫Ů޽, ȻҲרŵ˸, ֻԺҪסĵط, ȻȻ, ƵͼֽоʱʱĻҪʹڵϲãҪȻҲͶˡ
ڹ̫Ůܶ鶼ǹ⣬ʱİϵԴ
˵ھͲò˵ǵĴˣ˵Ĵʱ䶩ԺԺѡĻ, ˵Ҫ󣬲Բ㼪գ鷳
ҲǺܶ˵δõӡ
Ͼ̫ŮĴϿ˵ǷعģĻҲʢҪ׼Ķࡣ
˵ʵΪ׻һ׼ҲΪӿʼµɻҲֻаʱ䡣
ټҪ׼ʱ˵ǳˡ
һоȽεǣһ컹˵Ͼһģ˵˻ͬʱȥ棬Ҳûʲô
ΪȱָѡӣǸ̫ãĸʲ֪⻹⣬ȻҲѡ죬֪ʱѾѡˡ
ýֺͷ붼֪鵱˶ȥ̫ŮŮȻͥ䡣
ο⹬ĹһˣԼƷôչ˲
˵λԼǽ㣬򣬵ǱϾָģʵĸһѡһһķ
ϾĶʱ죬ô˵ʵǴ̫ˣֻǵ˵Լ뷨ʱȴĸζĻҲΪá
Ȼ֪ĸڶ࣬ǻ֮˭ûеܣĸô˵Ҳ͵ʲô֪ԹԱˡ
һʱȻæǺϢҲ١
ů˪ˣһǾζˣá
ů˪ǼˣȴΪûмǸò˵ġ
ʲôȱҪǮǮҪҩҩҪ˸ˡ
ů˪ȥ濼ǹȽǼﷸ鱻Ϊټ˵ģ̫ŮйָƽȻû⡣
һů˪ŻػʳǰãǴˮƽ͵ܸȡ
οů˪֮ǰΣ±۸Ѱů˪ԺͰ˰úõˡ
ԨҲѹ˻øѾɡ
ǿ˹ɲ߻ħù͢ҩΣͳඥֹܹϣʮͱһٳΪ֣δ費
ʹԨδʲô㣬ϾԼξ֮ô˵ر
Ԩѡߣպö֮ǰ˲ܶӰͳһְ
ͬʱԨǰӰӪĸͳڣÿ԰ѵһµӰʿΪڰļ⵶˵绢
ѻҳԱרĹ¼͸Ԩͳ޲ִʱµİˣʧȥѪԪ
ԺÿҲһôģֻҪûԨһС
ԨӰǱУɱϰΪɱ˲ϧ˻ˣĴ򷢡
һֱѧϰͳԱΪΪǷȱ
ǰûΪӰ˼̫ŮԸУʱСɶûеʵ⣬׾ͻŪԵʱŻ
СɣӲÿպԨУȷʵǳ
ЩоǵɱʱԼĹҲôǱÿÿ뵽˴͸ڷϾÿһվԼߣҪԼʵǿϲߡ
ʱǼŵһŨõ廨ûֻһŵɫӵ˽ʮ߰껪޽Σһĸ󻨳ࡣ
Ʒʷĵճӣĭʮ꣬ҲǰŮ۴͸ˡ
ͬһʱĸʻ͸һ꣬壬ʮ꣬Ʒͳĵճӣ
ôĺԺʵ̫ɾˣһ˶ûС
ʱյĵλ˶Ҫôź˶ûȷʵ̫ʣڸŮҲ˳˸
ⷽҲԼ뷨ĸô׽ҹ֮ǰֵ飬ֱӴӦڳΪ̫ĸʵĳȫԼȻҪ˳ĸʵ˼ģӲžܾŪôҶѿ
ԼԺһ˶ûУҪһ˽ˣԼɵĻ˵Ŀⶼϡ
֮ɢƶʣԼԺ˵Ϣʱ˶ָʵ̫ˣĶûбҪ
ڵԺᣬί˵ʮ˸СҲʲô
ҲԼĸʽףʱĸһӸҸʮʮ˵ľϾޣڻôĻδ֪ҪӶˣ˼㲻ˡ
Լ뷨ĸʣ񻹼ǵĸζĸĸ˲Ҫˣһ˼һ¾Ϳˣûλסˡ
Ӧãĵ˻᲻˵㣿
ʱദûü˹ϵͻüá

ĽǶȿļãܵܵĽš
ȻʵôͲҿ϶ˣӵʵ̫ˣҲǺܶÿÿ뵽˴ĶΪ΢
ʱһŴԲЦҿղ;˵ԲȳԵ㶫ϢƬ̣
ĭǼΪϽˣ±Ĳ˵ٰԶĿζ˸߰˰ˡ
ֹˣϲԵƷȻΪֹڵĲһ
˭֪ǳĽͷԳʳҪóԵĶһ£ǺܶĶҲֻǸǿڰˣĭƷһ٣ٶѾ˵ˡ
²ʳҲ쳣ء
ĭӴˣȻҲ˽ϰߣĶ࣬ԵҲ˷ѡ
ЦŽӹԲһڿĭԲŴŴУȷʵθڣԼû
ĭＫΪˣþ͸ùˣҾȥԡ
Ҳ֪ôģĭֿϽ΢С
⺢ϽѧϲʱԼģȻϲģٳԵֶ˼ѡֻǶǵϲ͹Ϭ֮ȫһġ
ֻҪĭҪԽ飬ȻĭϾԼԺˣΪҪеΡ
ĭ˵Լڳ飬Ƚ¼ܹΣĭʱζЩŨҲֻһ䣬͸ܶ˵ˡ
ĭ̬Ȳ룬쳣ˣϾÿͳԵĹرӵǿ佱ʱԵøɸɾ׽Լı֡
ʵĺӡ
֪ǣʵĭ㣬ΪԼҲʱŮŮ֮Ҫõöࡣ
ʱ˽Щ˼ҵŮӱ˵ϸĺţǲʱҲƽʱ
ĭûСӣʱʱľͿһ䣬Ǵ̫ģרѯӵȤãȻʦ̵
ĭô̵ʱͻƷһȷʵΪΪĭҪֺǸôãȻҪúûر뷨档
һкӽ塣
˵ǽͳĶӣգҲĭô˵Ϊϲ
Ҳϲ꣬ϲŪһ»ľǺܺõӣ
ЩݰˣҲǺ⡣
Ȼϲͼ͹ȥ֪ͶȻܾˡ
֪뽿귢Լ͵ĻˣѣԲŻܾ
ӣ۾ǿ޵úͮͮģһֻ۸޹һȥ
һٰοŰĸѹȥָվտĻЩȤȻҲԸѧ
һŸ߸˵Ľ͵ĻϲЦտӣЩˡ
ҪЩ˯ȥɰ
æµʵʱȹĸ£׼ӭһºĳ                        
лҪ˵ˣŮ۴ͻǹ˹ԺֹҾͲˡ
ŮؿǹģƪҪƫʵһ㣬ڹŴȨ֮£ʵһȻ٣ǻеģҪֻһ˻ǲܵġ
ֻ̫ŮȨûеͨ죬͸ĵز
ǵֻҪһΪ˹뾭ѵĻпܵǺ˹ڡ
οڣΧﶼûһҪֻȢһ趨

46


Ѿ鴦, ʱ͵øУеԺС, ѤĿϼȾ, رһȤζ
ʱŹѾҵˣɽȪ
۾΢, , Ҫڸʲô
ɽȪǰΪĻȪȻˮʼ, ˵ݹԺۻ˿Լʢ, ڻʳʮﴦ
ȵۿ̫ϲ, ͰѴȪ͸̫, ̺̫û¾ϲȥɽȪһݡ
̫ʹˣ߶, ͰȪ͸Լֶĳ
ҵľĳ
˵ʵ, ЩΪѾǲˡ
һλûϲ˸ܡ
һ濴, ֲһԺҪö, ҲͲôױŭ
û뵽ΪĳǰƵǸɸɾ
ԭ˾Լϵʼأżġ
ΪԼʲôµľӣҲе̹мʲôĵ顣
Լѡ˹ڵ̫Ů飬ĳǵһ֪ġ
ʱͼ˵ĳҲһ޽, 㲻̫ԼҲ
ԸȻԼеʧ˵ҲûϵϾ˵õģԼҺ·ҪеԼҲְæ
֪ĳ˹һֱ𸴣ˡ
ϾﷱæҲûжľȥӦ̺˹Ȼװһ˵ӣ̫ﲻ֪˵ʲôܻ֮ϼҼװȥˡ
һʱ˶Ҳ˲ͳ˱Ů̫һ䡣
ΪԼòܱ汻˦飬˦˦ң˦˦ġ
ʵǱûҪ
ĳʶôˣ֪ʲôʲô̯˵Ҫһ
Ȳ˵һʼǾЭûаֵֽд
û뵽ĳȻĸҹĻԼԼ˵̫ܵﵹһҡ
ôֺõ֪ͼʲô
ĳⲨ绢Ĳʱ˶µģȻǴĵײŭ
ưͿñ⣬ѵҪ˵ԼĳԼϵ
ô뾭ѵҪ˵ȥˣƻȻ󲨡
ԼѵҪ
ɺ޵ĳ˹Ҳǿ׼һ㣬Ȼܻϼҹһʱûа취
ĳô޼ɵĶϼң̫谮ԼҪΪɡ
̫ϲĳȻϲģϾѪԵϵ˳׽
Ǳϣ̫ȻĳصǼ棬Żһֱˡ
Ͼ̫ʻֶȻ൫Ҳ٣ĳദ󲿷ֵĿΪĳôӱ˵Ϊѡ
̫ĲΪ֮ûнףûйҹĳ˹ϵ
ȻҲͺýˡ
ȻҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣرǱĳİһԺǱһġ
ϷʲôȻмбҪҲһݡ
ʱƤһգ̫ܵ˼̹ԼĺܰĳֻƲɼã̫λֻһĳԼȻúô
⼸Ϸ˶ʱȥ̫˵ݵüΪƺƴŮ۵ĺ󹬶ഫˡ
񶼼ǵĸʿԼο֮дŸӵò˵ı顣
ָоʵ̫߳ˣ
Ȼ죬ǿļݳҲЩ״Լȥĳһˡ
ŵæܾˡ
ЦԼڶûиĳǷʲô裬򲻸Һȥġ
ϾҪյһ£һ̸ģ֪ᷢʲô޷Ԥϵ顣
ֶһѾЩڻЧġ
̫ʲôˣ
һ󹬵ˣǧϺ꣬˺󹬷ơ
±˵󲻴˵СС
Ҷ֪̫ŮλӾֻһʵҲ̫Ůλüĳ͹
ּ̫λ߹Ȼ˼ҵģԵΪĳһᣬ֪·ת̫λӸ˹ڡ
ѡŮ۽ܵĹڣϸ˵ʵҲûʲô⡣
Ϊ̫Ůκ̫̬ȣԼĳ֣Ըĳúö˵Ǹ̫ĳӡ
Ȼ̫ģҲǲѡҪȥͲֹǲӣǲŮˡ
һʱû취ĳ̫ԣĳĸԺٴλص˻ʳ
ֻû뵽Ƕˣĳ̫ԺԼܶܵɽȪ
һѹĵ׵ĻԽԽ
Ц
ĳøһĽͣȻһ֪Ϊʲôô죿
ɽȪʱ۵ǴһϮɫ̫ʦȻڵĳ
ܿ˶ٴΣǼ˵òĳȷʵƵ϶컯үϸĹճ
δ죬޿װ磬ǿȥһһǧַ飬ʱ޿̶ɢŶص
Щڵ˵ܽŭ𣬷ԽԽơ
ԼֲԷԵõģŹ֡
ĳһƺЦ˶ΪȪõʱڣȴ֪õʱʵǴرһΪΪȪȻȽ˵ԲǴ︴棬¶ȲҲô󣬸պÿԼ˵
ΧӰ¾ҲûжˣҲ˷ȵĳôõ£Ī׼ԺרžӪȪ⣿
ĳȤǳ룬ҲǲͬĲ𣿡˵װһӵǵİ̫գɢɢ
ĳ⸱ЦˣǧҪôսҵߵ飬ΪȤ
ĳɫȻΪȤΪԱ
ŭˣ㵱عʲôطֵʲôˣѭ浸غ˸Ϊѣ
ĳŮӣ                        
лҪ˵ҵĳǹĳ
ĳȨҲѡ˹ڵ
ֻܰĳдŮӣűȽϺý󹬣ֲˡ

47

̫Ů֮ǰʮȫ, þ߸һӦȫ
һϲ̫޽
һȽϸĽɫȶȽϱҫÿǺÿ, ǿ׼Ӿӹĸ, Ҳƣͣͬʱάɱϸ鷳
ԼϱӼӰ, Ϊ˼ٴʱ, ڵҲ˱ûҪĶҲ١
ʵЩ˵˼档
ǲǮöȣ˵ʵ, ʱڵǮĻܳĲ֮
ֻÿռ˼̫, Щû¾ԼǰƾЩ, Թ뾡źˡ
Ͼǹ󾫲ġ
Ȼ, ȷʵô£ǻȴԲôֱ˵
Ҳֻ˵Լ˷, ҪڼһЩ֡
˵, »Ůһٿ佱, ڷعһڼķ粨, ЩǺˡ
յ̫Ů쳣æµһ죬Ϊ̫ŮĳҪڽվС
ѾչطիգԴﵽĿġ
˵ʵͦģһӾôһΣЩϸ֦ĩڵĶͳȻϿԺԲơ
С˯һ, ϶ͿʼͿʼʰȫ·ʮأʮַΧæ߾а˸Ϊ˵׼ˡ
عΪŮӵĳرǺ壬ŷ֮С
һŮܵķֽߣǳͯĻ֡
ŮҪ̳мҵƲڳ˵лȨȡڳ÷ҪڳԺһش
Ϊ̫ŮһҵĴĳ֮أŷعһεļ̳ȻԳеӦеΣЧĹο֮顣
СѾצͼӲ԰ؼ䡣
عˣһعٹͬ죬¡
ĳ񣬺ܶණǰѾʼ׼ֻ·²Σǰʼſʼķϰٸɸơ
عԺɫͺɫΪױϣµŮζžŷơ
ͷڣɫ˿ƽۣһֻ޴ĺɫҫ۶Ŀ
ΧŰ񳯻ˣǹ£ۼ˵⡣
һλվͬͬͬŮװϺҪö࣬ϾʱΪб𣬳ÿһԱĳ񶼻ݸơ
֪ǻױʦջ⣬ӿ崺磬кͰӡ
վһγǿҵĶԱȡ
˵ĵĸоǲϲַĸо
ԴҲЩΣʵ֮ȷʵΪ㣬˽¾ЩһѾˡ
껢ͷԵС߾һõӣѾʼˡ
ÿȥʱЩµĿֲҿ޵ĿΪ˱ԺЦѡ
˵ԺչȥԼĺӿ˼ˡ
Դ˼ΪмĺӵӶȻ֮С
ʱѾݼļ̨Ĺ£Ŵ˾ĵ档
һŮվǰϵ˵Ϊ̫Ůȡȡ¿ѣΪ˼̫Ůȷʵ޵汸β룬ѧĻ
ΪȡΪʣϣҪǣ¿ѣΪΪǷع̫ع
ʱ̽ǿʺ񣬲
ĿᶨŴߵ׵ʶĸ
ĵͷ𰡣Ϊȡʱϣһ𡣻ͲһֺҪ޸ȡΪ֣ϣһþõĿ֡
лĸʴ
ļʽĻʣµľѲλʳǡ
ҴһصרϢ棬׼һԺȥѲλʳǡ
Ҫ߽ͿվſڴԼĹڡ
ֻлҳԱͳسμӣԭûʸġ
ǹδ̫ŮԲƸμӣֻϢݵ
ȵӣһıӴȤĪ̫ŵˣ
ڻعȾΣ˫ۺ˿ͰȻǣǰǸ¥̫֮ҫ۷⣬һʱЩסˡ˵⻰Ժⶼ
Ϊҹӵĵ䷶һģǰǲ˵񡯵Ļ
ԴϴκԺһжһˣĹӿʼԼģ˵һЩȻÿ˵ԺĶǹڣ·ǱϷǸһ
ÿÿǻĶයڣӺޡ
ɵϣ
¶ˮأʪ
ڵæʪ䣬ů¯Ͽȵ˫ֽסԼϵݸʹܸ
סڣһǣֽ
һ㱻λߴӵŴΣľżһˡ
ʱŵһһζԭǹŸιʳ
ѾæµöûгԶ֮ǰãʳǰȻоЩˡ
ҲŹڵĳ
ƺ뵽ʲôתͷڡ
·Ϭһ㣬ڿӾ֪ʲôЦѷģѾˡ
ϾҪԱܽܳþõչ˰ѡ
йɫĵͷһװ磬һߺ͹ϵĸս
յĹѾʰ׼ò࣬ȥˡ
æȥּ͵ֻԶžͺá
ع̫ŮڳʱҪѲλʳǣΪǺð֪δľ˭
˵ʽΪϰףһ汻׷ɱΧʶİȣҲΪһμѻ
ȻҪΪԺѣ˵Ǳˣ᲻ᱻͱӶ˵
ѲӻʳҲΪعרеĳ̣˵ܶ˶ἫԶĵطǰۿ漫Ϊʢ
ȻʢҲζΣա
ȻԲ󣬵ǱϾеġ
㣬֪ȻҲ֪
ЩĵЦΧûµģؼҵҡŴĶԹֻ˽ҵĿζǵûȥԺгӶЩϲԵĶһæԺҴһ٣
εЦá
Ӧ̺ѾһůĻУﴫĶīζѡ
ֻǲ֪Ƿ˰̫ԭһִ˵Ƶغһٴϸȥʱֻһ
ĶܵůʪůůģĴĶϡ
૵æͻڵȵ̫ˡ
˵껰ûеȵĴ𸴾ͽŲЩҵ뿪ӣ̺ĶѸֺˡ
ǲ̣˶ĵ
ã
лҪ˵ܵλŰ࣬ԹǻҪһڵ飬е
Ҿ£Ǹ²ͺϢʱ¸һ
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л2020-03-15 19:23:10~2020-03-16 21:54:07ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лӪҺСʹ 56ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

48

һ, ʽȥˡ
֮±׵ö࣬һЩѧϰʹδ, ʵһϱӱȽǵ, ĸ涼Ҫ٣ҲʹĿ۹ۼǰհԡ
δģƳ¸, ٶڲᡣ
Ȳ˵ĸܵõ, Ͼÿʱеԡ
ڲŸոս볯ãŲδȣ֮⳯ȫ˲, в˭棬Ϊ̫ŮҲѱź
ڵҪǶ࿴ѧ
ȻҪƶϴģƳ¸, ǺܶЩԼ
, ÿζһ, ҲΪɹۡ
Ϊǰ۹⣬ͷԸ, , ÿÿŮۺʹǾϲ, 볯, õΧ˵ͬô֪δĴ֮ǿԴ÷عһԻ͡
ȻĳɹҲŬġ
𴲵ʱǰһʱҪǰռԺȥãⷢһЩͻ״޷Ӧԡ
곯ԺҪʹ, ô绹ܳЩʱ䣬Ǿֻаʱŵˡ
ҳǽ£ϳϢ죬ҲԻԸʱһ¡
ʱǾԲͣģһǿ壬ɱʱҲܿ㡣
ΪҪǻؼΪϧ˵껹ڽȷѪꡣ
ƽͣ˵Ժܰٶ֣궼˵˴ɹˡ
ô˹һʱ൱˯һϡ
Ȼϲ˯Ҫһ컹ãʱȻǰסģֻҪ书ڷշæжܱ־ȡ
ȻΪһҪ̫ŮʱʱĻҪʱһ׼ǺƷոպþԽüʱ䡣
뵽˴ո곯ķ͵ЦݣЦݾڽ̫ŮԺȻֹ
ΧæµţһһͼֽƺоεĿʽ֪Ͷ˻ӢͨĵϲЦտǿü
һĻ˵ϣһ֥һķ飬ȥһȾĻһȥȻĿġ
ƽҲȥ࿴ۡ
ǰǹں
ĳ
˿һ续лҪĽһ֮
͵һƬ⣬̵ţ
ԴĳϴƹˤֱӳԼŮԺ¾ͻʱʱսĵߣû뵽ؾȻܵƤӵս
޵Щ֮ǰĳɵЭˡ
ֻоԼͷи嶯ְֱ˷ֿٽʵʵĳһ١
ܶ
ȻǲܵģȻ֪ᴫʲôȥ
ڽһԼʰԺ⼸쾫ѡĴƷͼֽʽѡ
һʼΪڴ֮зǲôģϾΪŮкܶҪЩͺá
ֻû뵽ѶЩȴġ
Թڻᶢظ飬ȻҪѡĶͼֽƷóһѡ
ÿοŰϸĿͼֽƷһѡʱ˵ҸУǵĴ飬һһһ顣
ڽ̫ŮſЦӭĳ
̫ŮѶ֮ڲͻ֮ǰĳϼҵѾȻǴˣĳȻὣţٱǾԲġ
ֻû뵽ĳԼĹڴϸ⣬ŷ˵ĺܶ뷨ıϡ
ʱߴ
ˣ
̧ͷְѾȻԼ١
ɫЩ΢Цʵô˶ң
ȻЦĵÿΡ
Ŀǧʵ⡭Σ
ָʵǾҪھˣ
ȿȣ
ʱĳ˵̸
ĵСͿˣȥǰɣȥ͹
ϻº͹ĵʵǲĻЩȥϢҰ̫ҽ
ĳЦ޺ѶˣֻϳԵĶȥ壬һʱ
ģǺǣ԰
Ŀ˵ȥһǱߵĻȻǿ
֪ͱס
·ʲô鶼ûзȻȻʦǶڵţȰһٿ
ЩĿϾ涼ô䣬Ҫʱһ
ʱȻԷЦŵͷ˳ʦǰ
Ȼ֪ĳԼģܺ͹̸Цӱ֪Ҳʲô¡
ټÿÿĳԼǰװתתȥŭδ͹վôһ
һ͵˿Ҫŵʱ䣬ۿʱҲ࣬źĳ鷿ġ
˵ļʵͦϧģļǷعĿҲǷعĺ֮һʱƣļҵŮһһĳȻڳΪٵĶûС
ļȷʵһָļҳˣļҵǼΪҺŻӭģܶҵĵļˡ
ÿһʵ۵ĺǻļҵӵܣعĻʺλļңҲļҶλкԭ
˵ļҵŮкûУӾжջӭԾŮΪԲʱƣļڲı䷽ͻûˡ
ļߵ̫̫һգļҵȻǲ޵ģ̫ˣļһûҵµĿɽӿ¾ûôùˡ
ĳļҵĸĵӣĸ겢򣬶Ժӹġ
ļҵǰöĳĸʱĳԺĳŮӻᱻԲŶкӣֻû뵽һҪúԲ
ļҵȥĳĸλãԭкݾһֱˡ
ĳĸ׼һԿƵ޹ȥԶסˡ
ĳȻǲԸģԲŻ˽ܵʳͶ̫Ҳһϵˡ
ˣ
ĳϴŵԳᶨĵͷˡ
΢΢üƬ̻ȰȻһûôס
ĳЩô֪ѡ
εЦЦ㲻ѡ·ôӦͽңתսҵĵߡ
ԭĳ̹ϣһԭȻΪƵû취һԭΪļҲʵǴȥˡ
ĸãļĵճŮ
ļҸǰе˼ճŮϣΪ߾ĸ
ʱļûϣĳָŮݵġ
ϾĳҪǻָݣŮô̵ô̫ôǸļҡճŮָԴ
ļǵãʱԼŪĳӣȥĳ·һ̽
ȷĳŮӵͬʱϴĿδȬĽۡ
˵ĳϼˣ棬ֻǲ˰ˡ
֮˭Զ
ĳʱĿƵҲ˵ȻԼ̹סԼȾơ
ĳ⼸ôǳںϵʱʱľҪԷ
Լǰ緢Ļֶζȱ̶һ¡
һҪ֤Ҳôƴˡ
Ǿĳ˴ɱоЩ΢ƽ֮С
ʱĳѡһĳָŮݣĳļҼλӣӽļҽ
һѡǰĳƮƮݣȫɨβܹͣµݣ˴ţͷʼ
ĳ֪й͢Ϊر
Ȼϣĳѡһֻû뵽ѡ˵ڶ
Щɻʵһ·ҪߵöҲҵߵһΪλѡͷʼ
ĳ̧ͷԶƺʲôڶһЩ϶ļƬȻʱһСļǵøΪ˱ҵŮӵݲҹŵµҲûзңҲ谮ĺӡ
֪ҪôҪôһȥСñˡ㵱ʱΪŮĻرԺҺļұ޹ϵ
Ƭĳɷһף
Цҡҡͷβˣȥһ֪ܷ֮ı˰ɡ
֪ĳдл̫ŮȫļԺлˣпһΣϵҲȫ̫Ůֻ̫Ůһ䣬ļԺܹʩԮ֣ٱ¼һ˿Ѫ
üͷݺݵʵļǷʲô£
ĳԳǣֻļѾڸǣ֡һ
ĳĳ֪ļԺ⣬ȴļҼ֮λ
͸ģļҰҲУҲУȴ޷֡
ļԶ֪ʧȥʲô
ͷӦ㣡
л̫Ůȫ                        
лҪ˵
ĳķǺڻ

49

Źڵһʽ
ʦĶЦŹص̫Ů͹Źӵĺģһ, ˡ
͹һЦǫʦ̵úá
ʦæҡͷҾӹƽĶ׼Ķ׼, ձ㻰һ, յ鰴ϰױ㶼ˡ
ʦרŽ̵﹫Ӵϰ׵ʦŮ֮˵˲١
֮ʱ罺˵, Ҳ, ̫ŮһԵĿ˵ëǡ
ȫж̫ŮԹŹӵȫȨչˣԻĺӳ̶ȡ
ʼŮǸ֮, ڻصӺ, мΪӹӵ뷨
ӶǶԸ, ǸҪӸԼĲ, ȴӲͣµȴԷ
Ƿʣ
Ƿģ
Ƿϲ
̫ŮȴȫһһһεȷϹŹӵϲѡ, ʱ̶ǣŹŹӵ, ¶Է·
˵̫Ů׺Ͳ, ɻƤѻ, ֪֪治֪ġ
⼸ദ˭õ̫ŮԹŹӾȻǧᡣ
Ź̫ܵŮ˿Ҳûеġ
Ϊʦڹദô֪꣬˶ٹˣ̫ŮֹԶԶһۣ˲ֱӵĳŮҲû˭ˡ
ǹŹӼ̫Ůȴް㺦£˫˿۹⿴Զ̫Ů, ʵ飬Ҳ˼̫Ůϡ
ʱʱ̼̿ס̫ŮϲãȫȫҪġ
֮һԸȶԷһԸһֱ׷ŶԷ벻֮һѾεǣһ
ӦߵĺܳԶʱ㱨µʱҲἫΪο
˵ͷһʦ
һţߣʱȥ
ЦŵͷҪҪͷռ˺üռȻһģղͻǶϢϢͲҪˡ
ѧȤôۣôõĻȻ˷ѣҰȫƵˣ⼸һ㶼ۣ㻹ܶ۾ۡ
ڿǰˣ߸ϣȴٰᣬζδãõЩʵҲЩ
ЩԥĿǾʵΪϲңԺնζ𣿡
˫ֽסڵ֣ͷ῿ļʵռҿɻζ
æ˵Ȼǲζġ˵ǲһģ
ʵﲻһ
ڵ૵ѵкܶණعбСܶܶɷ򡣶ֻаѣôԼΨһζأȥһ嶼û𣿡
Ƭ̺۾˵İӿԭЩ㲻ʣұһӲ˵ȥΪЩ뷨Ǿ֮Ҳ䡣
Ҳǲ֮ˡ
ʵȴǡǡ෴㿴ж⣬һж
ΪãʱӦȰ㲻ҪֻװңҪһЩԼȤ顣ʵֻ֪ʱȴޱȵĿģϲѣֻԶֻң
İŵԶǶռ
ЩԳļ˵ζ˻ᷳôԼᷳأǲġ
ҵģҲԡԼˡζ
˻һζϳ۾һû۾㿴ˣûڣҵϱѺۡ
۾ŵͬЦȴЩ˷䣬ЩΪܹҶ뿪ҵģ𣿡
ӦĲǹھµ飬ǲǹ۾ȫӡӰǸӰǰοĸʵ塣
ϲŭ֣Ѫ⡣
ڽıסҵҡͷŲײʣģģﶼȥȫȫڰѣҲˡ
εЦЦа취ոŭͳͳɢ
ÿԼûôõʱ򣬿ŹԼε۾ǾԼǷһЩ˫Լ۾øƯ֪˺ܶ࣬ٴתʱԼԼúҪá
˵ԼĻعȷʵˣ֪Ǳ÷عһԭҲǱԼֻλӲȣĲܹȥǲܿĳþһ
֪Ťķĸƽ˹ڵĲ
֪˸鲻Ǹۣ޹ؽҪĶ
ϦϦֵĺãԵ޹ʵİͻȻʧ
ǰģҪģǾԲ뿪ģ
öԷ·ĸ׻˶Ծ㤿ֲǶڹڶûʲô˾ϲˡ
ҰʱԭҲңֻʱԭҲ벻ҡ
ŹҪҸЦݣɵҡͷ
Ҳֻйɵ֪ԼʲôԺ޷ˣԼʱǽԼȥҲԹԡ
뵽˴㲻Ḳ˹ڵĴһ೤·ĸȫעС
ڴƬԺͿʼɬĻӦ
鰮֮ȷʵҪļŲ޶˵Ĳ²⣬쳵Ҫ޻ڡ
ҪİѣжమÿжԸΪκ¡
Ź˫뺬ĿԼĹһıӵƤ˵˵ҵȱɣ׼õʱദܲ
⻰ĺСѧһڳһϸٿҲҪ˷ļᶨӡ
ʧЦҳԶ֪ģҵ޶
ڱȻﰢѱѰʳ
ڵͷЦŵͷһȥԣ˯Ǻܰʡ֣ȥӦǻӵġ
΢죬ᶨڻѸǺñӣðţȻѲײԼ
΢ϲʵϲ˯𣿡
Цڰ첹߾ͺã˵ԺϰҲްˡ֮õͲŵƽܸոǱǱ˵ģôܻࡣ
شô棬Щ˼Ҳź
ҳ볯ã˽һȻЩΪ裬ʵұôϲ͵ˣԱҪҪʣ⡣
Ц񣬰ѲڻȥģǴġǰһ˾һȻҲѵġ
Ц˹ڵĶͷЦʱͺáƬ̺˵ʱͱ˵ʱһһ׵ģΪʱ̫ŮʱҪˣǹǸˡ
ɻΪ˵ԷͬԼĿаʲôǶԵģȻǲҪٽˡ
ôоúеӡ
ȿȣּ˵˻ִƥȥ
һ߰ĦһЦԼҪֵܺðʲôڶ㰢һ
һ
֪ǲĴôо͹ڽԼԼΪĴ
ʵ̫߳ˡ
ɫĿŹ˵һ飬ΪҪ
ɫĿȴ˵ȥ
Ժ󻹻ССѹأܡӦң㲻˵Ҳ㣬Ǳƭҡһ˻ɵӺпܾͻѿ·ˣϣ֮û
ںԥĴá
һֱȥȻܾҪ·ô᫣ֻҪһʲôˡ


50

Ѿϴ, ʰʱ䣬ֹһ㶼, ҴǻЦ, Ϊĺӡ
ʱʱĸΧԼװһЩ顣
Ŵļ´˽ɫķˣټͷƹ, ϳѥ, ȥ˵Ļ
յױݴЩϣЩɫʹ˿ȥΪʻ, ˵ԡ
Ա߿ŲҪǳ, ֪СɾҪ˻ꡣ
εЦ˵ûʢװһ, ҲǴôװ, ƽʱôȥᱻ˵ֵġ
Ա˷ô˵ԼæаôƯ֣
ʮԳԼǴ, ԸҪΪ, ҹ̫ŮϢ, гӡ
ЦС𡣡
̫ŮȻ¡, ǺͳЩģϾ̫ŮֻһΣǴͲһˡ
ƾϾԼĵһδ飬ȫϣΨһһΡ
Ҷ˵ȷʵһ֮Ҫһ, ȻҪӵġ
ΪŮʼհ֮ģҲϣڿԼõӣΪ˻Ըױ߻ױװķϴ磬Ҫ̫ˡ
˵̫ŮĴ飬Ҳᾡƾ̫Ů
һ֮ʰԺǰˡ
̫ŮۡฮۡԶʱһ·ͨ춼ûеѾˡ
ฮſӭӣڵССҲЩΪѵ̫Ů磬ӻںͷү㿴
ҡҡͷްģ;һЩȥˣſڵžͺá
Сæôأ̫ŮԺȵȺȿڲ衣
Цŵͷ絽ˣǶ˵˵˵˸СԺ
޿ӴȤ򣿡
Ժ͹ദĵεβЦҺദˣ֪֮Ժ·ҪȥǲѡЩԺϾԼ֪ԼҪʲôˡ
޷˸Ц⻰˵ˣ˭֪ǱΪѡģ
һҵʱѡ˼࣬ȴѡڣɼҺĸӢͬ
Ϊ˵ʲôǶԵģԱüΪ棬۾ﻹֳȻĸо
֪֮СΪһκҵİ飬Ҳ˵ôమˡ
һյʱ󣬼ʱҲ쵽ˡ
Űݱ길ĸ۾΢Щףȥ滨ǺЦǸ˵ġ
ԭҹӻôֻ֥ϴŵĺΣϺõƿȾһ֬һҲմȾ;
ǰŹڵ಻صģฮ̫ŮʱʱԻ
æܿæ˵ڴСڼˣкܶ಻ĵط̫ŮൣתͷԹ˵ȥ̫ŮΪأú̷̫Ů֪𣿡
ڶԵģﲻõġ
ҲЦ˵ܺãչңԺһúչġ
οĵͷá
˸󣬾ǰʹˡ
˵ȥʹԺٻ̫Ů磬Ϊʹĸ̫ŮԺļҡ
˵Ҳɣ˸ոյʹſھ塣
ӭ׶ȻıҪһЩǵŮףԶԶȥҲΪɡ
ŮͬһճףҪ˶˵ᱻ˽İմһμѻ
Ǹ崺ӣ·ʲô鶼ºۼ뵽˴΢һü
Ȼ벻λǴʲôʱʼһֱıʾˣӦʮ˰ɣ
Ǽĺôһֱ崺磬޲֡أ
Ǿʲôü꿪ʼҪԼߣ
һţͺ֪֮µʲô
Ҹʱ仹Ҫú˽һˡ
ɣǸôסԪ
ԪɫЦϣͬʱҲŽŲ
Ҳǣһ֦ͷʱҲδ뵽ģҲ֮顣
ʵԪЩӣڹм˶թѵһ˼кӣ뻤һմȾ
κԸΥֻỹ·ȺΣ˭Ҳ֪
֧ӭ׶òĴкԺ󲻵յʱһǰһǵ
ΪȷŮδλλֻŮۣԱ̫
̫ЦĿЦһתǱѾôˣҪ˶ֿԱŮˡ
ЩͬӰ㺬̫
ʵںӷǲôҪģΪϲӡ
ϸ˵Ժûرϲ񣬵񲻹ʮعаһҪ˺ӺпܻŮ϶ĸδϵ״״һþͼпҶҡ
οڳϺܶ鶼Ȳ֮У˺ȻҪʱ飬Լǳ鲻ôʱġ
Ǹĸǲ飬ԺӶЩȱʧҲԸ⿴ġ
Ҫﴦ˳ԺڳúչԼĺӣǽɳ
ĹǾǻ̫ҽҽӾͻзգԼȷԼʱѲûеģԴ˶ЩӰ
ǿԣϣܶһЩʱ䣬ݸ̫ҽһЩִҽԺʵԺúӳήһЩա
ʱǽຢร⻰Ȼǲ˵ģίʵ̫뾭ѵ
̫ûв쳣ֻһδ֮ͥ˵Щ߶ѡ
º͵ĿһԪЦ̫Ȼ̫ʧġ
²۵Ǻǣ˵Էˮһɡ
ⲻֻ֪ᣬľȨŮ˵ľǱȳԷˮһЩѡ
ŮҲЦŶ˵ԸǷ޺δ룡
лĸʣЦŽӹһں
ۿʱҪˣǹԱЦյĺ
һأ
͹һЦŻİȥӽΪ֤Ϊޡ
ݸã
ЦĸʣŮճˡСʱһǲ͡
޶԰ݣ
ӳ˵
ִ֣֮ϡ
ɣ붴
Цڹڶд˾͹ȥǵóԵ㶫һ¡
ڶ̺죬üĿˮĵͷ۾Ϣһ£Щʱûϵҵ㡣ǵúѾ˵ˡ
ḧķЦá
ĸʡ̫ƬԺص̫Ů
ϲٰĵص㻹̫ŮϾѾȻҪԼĵطٰ졣
ڷعͳϲʱ仹ǰѾٰʱ䰲ŵ磬
ص̫Ů΢ʰһ¾ͳӭˣϾ̫ŮܶѶϵΪȻҪһȥд
һе̶ɵľţЩдʱ޺Ա߰ģҲ㵡
ںȾƵʱΪˣǺȶһЩʱ磬ѾС˯һᵹҲ¡
ʰһԺڵʱ˿ˣȥˡ
һװĹϣ˿ȥͶá                        
лҪ˵黹һ

51


ڿæȥ˵˲, ҪҪЪЪ
˳ƿڹϣ΢Ȥҹ, ҪЪЪ, һ˯ô죿
֪ڿЦȴĸź, һЩȷʵô𣿡
ЦŶأ
εȻúϢ֪뵽ʲôɫ糺ܲ˻㡭˵Խ˵ԽС, ֱ˵ȥ
С֪ò
֪Լ˵ЩףȤ, ⶼõѪһʱ۾Һӡ
СӼֱջ㶯֡
ȥʵǿɿڰ
뵽Ϳһ˼άϹڵĴ, , , ȴ˵ľˬʵЦ
ôҪʱǲȱϯġ
֣صĻڵĶ, еůȡ
ֳǹ, ϴŻЦ, ˫ս, Լĵů
Ц´ӣʱˣѵ̫Ů̫úȺˡ
΢࣬ľˮ⣬ȴȴû, յһжʵĹΣʵдãЩˡ
Ƭ̺Ǿ̧һȵ̿¯
عŷ棬Ϊ
ºۼ
»ʱɷӡԼӺۣԺϵӡҲ˫ٴ֮ٷ롣
һΪĴ˵ʵȴѪȲ̡
˵ǲģԼҲҿ϶Ͼ֮治УԽ鶼ڣҲûʲôϡġ
ڷع٣Ҳÿ٣ҪΪϲпܻ
Ͼʱ˾ηתǲÿԸת򻹸Լġ
ȻбףӡϾԺĺҪļȴ
ϾûǸŮӻѡһӳΪԼɷġ
ӡҲǷ˫ͬһսߵƾ֤˵Ƿ
̾ġ¡Ҳġ
˾ǲ
¯һһͬСԽԽԭ붺ڵģ±㲻Ҫˡ
Ͼ塣
֪ͷһ˫Լ˫ۡ
ڣҪġ
ʵҪ
ȻǧҪģԶԶ˳վࡣ
Ȼ֪˵٣ֻҪ˰ѵӡԺҲټѣ±ӻֹסҪ
ӡʹͣôȥأ
ǲһ󣬶ʧȥȻᱧġ
ʶŵս˫εĿͷҪʵڡ𣿡
һ¹ڵͷЦɵϡ
ڿӱ֪ͬˣǹƲסЦݡ
εʹԼţҸһ
º͵Ľ͵Ҳ˹ż¼ʹǹԱӡǣʹСʵûжϵֻǺΪԶԶԷĳ谮ѡӡ
ӡⶫӡϣһ˵Ȳ̸Ƕ϶ǲõģҺ͹һ£ҵĻ¿ڶ棬ӡʽ˿ڲּۡ
Ƭ̴ȤҲʱܱ̿ЩСɾҪҫ谮һ·Ҫõöɣһжϲ˭֪
۾΢΢ϴҵĺۼҵҲ֪
ڸոΪжˮֱĻЦ˼ȫˣ
ͷҡҡͷҲ̫磬˴̲뵽ģϾӡϣô˵ǶΪŮӵ˵Ҫö࣬Ҫö꣬ǲҪҲ޷
ڼæ˵ȻҪģ
ЦŹһıǼЦ֪ˣ㡣
ԭӡԶΪѡԼϲĲλΪԼӡȥֻҪ⣬Լ˵ڷòʧ
˫ס¡
ǴЦŲأ
ԭһ񲻹ССһˡ
ʦֽżΪƬ̱Ѿ깤
Щһʱǧѣһ˰һԵѷ·һӾӭж⡣
ǰչŷ˵ҪϢʮ²´񲻹ССգѾﵽĿġ
ѾڵǸˡ
ûаѵĴڣʹǸѭ浸أеĹڣһӴ»ò԰ˮ
аڣƺʲôⶼԽʲôԣһжͷ
СЦóֶ͵ǰ̫Ůѡһ̫Ůϰɣ
궼СɾµģһǺ챦ʯǶУҫ۶Ŀ
һǶɫʯȥľƽ͡
һǶԲİɫ飬ȥ׺Ϳˡ
ѡǿźɫʯĶΪڴϣȥ
ʼΪʲôĵΪ˼主󻨣Ϊɫ
δӣڴûһһš
ѹЩýݲؽˡ
ҲЩڲñ˿ӡ
ʱϲ̧йڹڵǰЦףף̫ӡ̫ǧ
ڿһۿͷЩɬĳй
˿ʽѾȫɣԾʱ»Сޡ
ʱӳȻ⣬зйһ;
Ȼвô׵ģ궼òһӡ
йһȿԷһΣһøӾͻỳУһģҲϲãһξͻС
йԴٽӻУΪڷֵѹͬʱйԽЧԽãԺµСԽá
ƽռķ׼֮ǰǻ취ҪйΪɳ¡
عӵ弫ã϶аһΪԴöȶΪ⣬һΪйԭ
ŷعǧϵһڻʹ֮Уһڻ꣬һڴֻзعľ֪ط֪
ԭûôҪСʱֹڳйһξǱԵʹȻûԺԺ˵ɡ
ߵΪ·ڣΪĦ塣
֮ܵ˵ԽİĦַ˷Ҫ˯
˯ʱ
Ȼǵ
ֻǴ˯Ǳˡ˯
ͻȻ۾ŹڻڴЦĦ»˶ðɣ
ΪͻȻĶ۾аȰӿ۾Ϣһתͷҿ
Ըо֮˾Լȡ
̬Ҳˮһϸǣڹڵϣ߶£ҾŪʹ㡣
ڲĿæ˵ûйϵġֻҪ㿪ôûйϵ
û˵֮꣬С
Щ屾ܣ˲Ͱ˵·Ѹɸɾ
Ϣ֮䣬ɲһ
һӴɫ


52

ڶһ㱻ߴߴզզ, תͷܵԼů壬续۽ǻŵ, ӣɫĴΡ
һ, ѹסٴĻԼϰ֮ڵЩ, Բ
ŶԼޱ, ȫĹ¶ܰЦݡ
˯ΪǺñӡ
⼸׼æµ˵ҲһСĸټƽﾤҵҵĴ, ҲȷʵҪʱúϢһ¡
ѵ͵øУŴϢ, ټͼΪá
ûش, ׼úϢһµġ
Ҫ԰Ϥһ¸, һɣ, , ϸ˵ǵǲæ, Ȥ
ҵ˼֮ڵҲٴ˯֮, ٴ̺ѾѾˡ
תѵʱ򿴵һÿһµԼͷεЦôң
һЦҿ̫ŶϢ
üë΢΢⻰û⣬ֻôоЩֵֹģ
ƺԼ˵죬׼䣬һǱѾڴ, һ꣬ٴʱѾˡ
΢Цһ޹ʰŹš
йһۺˮӣòпòƷϰ֮˵һôn(*RQ*)n
ʱԺɹ̫Ÿ㣬Եãѵõ¾á
ۿ̫ҪɽŹԺ涵תתϤԭͺϤ̫Ů
źִŹϤһ̫Ů񣬳Լ˽⣬Ժ׼ȫڴ
ԼҪСԱʱ֮衣
ڶһ׼ȥЩƷϾڵվҪţȻ̫Ů٣ǹԼҲ㶫Լ⡣
⼸ձ£ȻҲȥѡҲԼӵ⡣
һʳóԵĶ٣ԺںúƷһ£ϻԷŷźӵ̻𣬷ۺϣҲȤһ׮
֪ųſھͿһŹ·Щȵ̫Ů
Ӹո߽΢΢üͷ
Ѫ
ӵײײߵǰͼæд£ݼ̫Ů̫ŮȾӣ
Щĺ͹ڶһۣȻǼǵõġ
˵ҲɣǰԪѽڵʱ͹ڵһԼ棬ӺλС㣬׼ȥλСˡ
ĺ£⺰ͺع
ӦҲûʲôˣ˽Ҳǹʱ̫ϷϷʱӴһ¡
ؾصСֶû
ȻĵУܲײƽƽôã
ԺҲأôȻһδȢ
˵ʵٺһЩ㲻Ǹ߹ԹǸҵʵĸ֮ٳɴ¡
ǳʵ̫̫ˡ
Ϸӵڻʼغؤʵ˶٣عзϸ˵ûؤ
ͨռҶԼĺӼ޸ؤοʼҡ
׿ݲ̸Ҳġ
ǶԻҳԱĽ̶⣬Լ˵ɣԴöȫõġ
ǰҲôЩ˷Ǯƣͼһ±׼Ƿֱ׼һ½һ͸оˡ
ﲻﲻ
ڳҪٶٳԲָо˺ܲӦҲֻܴطŽڼһ¡
Ȼ˵ܽ빬͢ݺͨձ벻ƣǺĸ֮ұĲʲô
͸˵Ҫӵܵĺˡ
˾һѣҲ̫ܡ
˰뱲ӵϷѵڲźѧĿƾ٣ѧ俿״Ԫ
ⲻΪ
ºзִ磬ҲʲôӣȻҲͰעתˡ
ԭ˵ѾԺû뵽ջԼ
΢æʳʲô飿
һ֪⼸ջʹ٣ϷϷȻһ˽¹
ϧ鱻ʹײƣѳץ˽̣鱻ʹ㡣
»ʹΪѳ͵͵ȥ˷ˡ
Ȼߣͽг
Ϊ˹˼﷭˸ۣж޿ڡ
ΪǶ飬ֻǷͽ۾˵˺飬˰ϲ̨Ĺ֮͢£˷ʱ䡣
ת˵С׼䷿ӣúչˡ˵ѾȫˡЦź͹˵Ǽ֡
һ㶼ûȥȺ˼ʱͼˣæߵͷధ̫ŮȾӣ
֮ǰĺ鰲Σ˽Ȼʲô
֪ûԺ󣬿ųԼ֣һѪζԼǰȥľЩͷˡ
ڿæְʵ¹ӺһǷһֱǣ
ͷȻ
º͵Ľ͵ôС㲻õģȻµġ
ŹѾԺ׼͹һţֱ֪סȹǡ
˫Ѫ۵ֽ񱷢ˣʱ
ɵʲôûӣֻǻʹֲֲ̫Ǳ£ܰѺô
Σյޱ˺
ʹǣƺֱŪ㣬ԺŻðվ
㲻ԲƭҾΪ˰֧̫Ůõӻ
û䵽ʹȻܻʹǣƣҲǽ㼸죬ܷʲô
ڿųʧĵĽ͵Ѿȥ֪ͨӣƽ̫ŮżȻн۵ģʹӵļңº̫ڣʲôġ
ɿȹ૵顭
εΪʳǰ裬ʲôΧ˶֪ڻܻúúõľװ׺ͺܳõ֤ݣ̫ˣûµġ
һʧĳûƣһֱΪû˷֣һֱΪڱɣ
˵ȷʵƵǾӣϧȴǸӲתû˳ֵļֵȻһһ׼ôĶ֪
Ҳѹֺڼǰһ³ȡһһҲȷ䣬˸㲻ûˡ
û˵ʹͻȻ鷢ѣΪҪ޸ԼֶŮ鲻Ը⣬ôԴҪЮ顣
ǰûֿʼڣԽϲ̨棬ֲǹ¶ѪԵԣʼӵֽĿ
ܻʹû뵽Сһͦа취ģȻ˾ȳ͵Լ̫Ů
ֿŴϢʵڲлǻعɡ
û뵽һԼҲǣˡ
ȥһ˻ʹͻʹһ£Ͳʲô£ˣȻҲͲжˡ
ֻû뵽ǻʹҲͦ˼ģһѺ֣ץһһȻûԺˡ
˵ʵ˵ǻ壬ҺСҲϡƽ顣
Ŵڶ˾Щֵȶˡ
ԭܾģ汻ֹҲͲö˵ʲôˡ
ǵڲż޽̫Ů˾ͽʹøʷȷʵֵֻڻʹ͵˼һһ
Ͼĸ˶ֻʹܱܲĸʶɣ
ںҲ˼һ·㣬һ·𾭣ʹľ͹ˡ
鿴Щ˼ǸĽĽ黹ŵ㣬˸ˡ
ǰѾúһߵɣ˳ͷްûнգֻҪʹҲҵͷġָĻ̫Ů
Ȼ֪ĿָǳƬ̺ᶨĿѧϰЩͲĽˡ
鼫ΪصĴӻȡһݸ㶮ˡ
۾΢΢ǺģһֱӲЯ
һºıǼúûȥϢɣµĽᴦõġ
ŴĺֵֹĻصҲĵĺ͹ڻص̫Ů
ԭŶԳҪѺһ֪࣬ǿʱ˫ۺᣬǻЦл̫ŮϡҪ˵ĻѾˣúչԼ赣ġ
֮ǰͺ֮ʲôԼΪˡ
дӿǿʵֻǰǡ
ֹסҪ˵Ļο˶񣬺ܣ±᲻ܡ
ڶճǰϢ뿪̫ŮϷԺҲûгֳˡ
伣·δֹһ

53

Ϊϧ֮׵ʱ, һһҹ࣬һ˯
ʶѾʼ, , ʶİͷڣů
ǵȥʱͲԡ
, ʪʪġ
˯˲
æ۾ȥǹڴʹĿ⡣
ˡ
һ֮, ʲôϰߵߣԼǰȴ˺üΡ
ÿζΪԼ
ָоͬΪԼ
ԼײСʵ, ôˣ
¶һЩӲЦݵҳˣٶ˯
һֱ֪ƽʱ࣬ѵϢ, ȻΪԼԭ˷ѰϢʱ䡣
ﻹ˯, ĵʵ, 㿴ңǰѰ, ôˣ
ڰ춢ʵʱʹɣ
˳ŹڵĿ⿴ȥ, ΢
ԭǵһµİ̺ۡ
˱Ͼ»û, ɬ, һʼʲôʱ۾̫Ҷ࿴һ£ȻϸϸרŴ塣
ֻǽѵЩ¶ڱߣҪǱӲ俴ģʱľͲܿƵʹ
һֱ֪ƽȻ˵ʵǼΪ, а̶Ȼǧټ취
͢ҽҽߣ͢ҩַ̺ۣ֪࣬˶صˣÿÿ뵽ڱʹѡ
ʵ˴룬ǵֹ̲ǰôûġ
ֻǰ˱ǣӲƴ벻ֻҲҪ֮˿ڣԵȥŻỮȥһ
ֻǲ֪ʲôԭ̺ζ
ǰľɣһȴһ̺۶¡
˼̹ǣ˰ɡ
±ɣǶʱ価ҽǰֳԹⲻ̺۵ӡ
ϾкóհĿõ飬˵Ҳ֣οҽ˰ˣҲû⡣
˵м˻лרſ壿
ֻû뵽ᱻڿȥôķӦ
ʵӦ뵽ģֻ̺һֱϣö֮ѾϰĴڣ˵ˡ
Ȼ˵Щæ͵ҵ˿ڲûأصǸǰ
ŹЩ͵Һϲһꡭ
Žһ֪ǰ֮Щǰ飬ôԺ󲻻ԼΣĺòã
ڱЩƫִʵģ
˫ֺ͹ڵ˫ֽסȻģʹ֪ģˡ
ڵӿεһЦ
ֻͷİ̺ۣ·ʥһϣʪʪĴһ˲
εߵ࣡
Ӧǹڴˮɫ۵͸Ϊϸܵǣ·Ǿܸסʹ˺ۡ
ĶԵɳƵૣûϵϲͺãԺúñѡ
ʹ

ڵ۾ĵطůжײ̹ǵıڲʳ֮ǰĵĿ⣬ػ߿ַߵĿ⡣
İôãЩõĶӦͳͳԶ
ѾӦֵˣõķԲú˺
Ȼǲ֪룬ΪԼѾöԷ
Цźһʱ䣬˵ǻŵļʱʰһ¹ȥҲˡ
˻һӣùԺͳˡ
ŵһмΪ˳ɷǣŹ½Ϊչ˵ӡ
ǵĶɫĶҸǴСĻ֪ӹòȻΪο
ฮԺ죬ѧʶԨͨŽһͨࡣ
̫Ů֣̫ŮССȴʵԷع˽˼ϣΪѵõһĻ𢣬ո֮ģʵ˷ع֮ҡ
Ů֮ĵǼ£ڱİ˺ԺһЩĻҪ˵һЩԺֵҪɡ
˵ʵȻڶฮһʱ޳ȥóȥˮ˷顣
͹ŶһŸǵġ
Ժһ˻ؼ±飬ʱڶؼҿǾһ˵ˣ˭ҫһżҵСɾ谮ġ
˿ʱ࣬ҲͲͷϢظ
ڣ۾ڹڵļϣպĵó죬ͶһЩ
֮ǰʱ򲻾ãЩͷΡ
΢΢۾ЦԺҶʱؼҿ㻹Ծ̫Ů
ڱЩᣬʱ޳ȥһزһأЩԶ޵һӶǳ£ˡ
ǰѶĺòΪ֪ôɣѱæͷˡ
æҡͷˣѾܺˡ
ƤĹ˹ιڵıǼƽЦѽΪ̫࣬ҿɲȫΪ㣬ҵȥฮҽ˿㰢̺ܶ⣬˵ռ˵ң㲻Ҫ
ﲻ֪ѵĺ⣬ĵ˵ͷĵóһιú庢ӵĳҿѽճԵò࣬ȴ˲٣Եòã
ƤĿһ۹һֳۣڴŵҩζЩζƽЩһ
ЦŰѽտܻЩƣڰҺѾв㣬ͽűһ¼Ѿҩĵĸ㣬ǰѻζӵöһЩζɻڣ
ЦѾúȶˣԺô԰ɣ
ЦҡͷҩԻǲһЩģҽǺȾʱ˹ھ⣬˵񻭱˵Իøɸɾʮ֮ȴǿԵģԺǺȶ˿ԣ
Щ̫ҽôû˵
Цƾ˵˴ţҲʲôʵ飬̫ҽȫģ˵ȥ̫ŮΪǿԼ̫ŮòʧȻ졣
ԺӦöһЩҩ֮ˣϾʱЩڿɽɲ֮䣬ЩĸڹؼʱŤתǬ
Ƭ̱ƷζεҡҡͷǺӡ
˻ؼҺ󣬾Ϳ̫ŮſһװεüֵΣԱ߻мװŻЩѾͽ̫Ů
ϸ֪ǻʹѾ͵̫Ůû뵽ʹĶ֮졣
г¶ǻʹֶӣʮͬ꣬ĸƷܹܣֻǸӡ
¶ϳĽëϴ۾һ£ǽӺкãĳлǱȽټġ
ֻȻټڿƵ˵ֻܳһ㲻Ͼޡ
˵ˣǲ֪ǲĴܾó¶ȥЩĪ죬ϸȴȫ벻
˵¶ͻ˵ĺԺҲֻǸˮ׼㲻ðμ⡣
׿˵ʹô˸Ҳǡ֡
ڻӵ֮гʥǳĺԺ٣ʹѵ˵ȴֻһ¶Щˡ
ѵ¶ʲô֮
ȻЩһЩ˲²⣬֮͢Ǻƽ飬ˡ
ǲΪԼһЩ²͵˳¶
ʲôԭԷȻ̫ŮӦúúðãֻҪûһЩԽ˼ӦӦе
뵽˴ŷԸЩˣеĶǵȫˡ
˼ŵ
ŹڵЦҺԺĸĭǿģսŵĳ¶оů˪ˡ˵٣ʲôѶȣĴɡʲô¼ǵøңһ˱
ЦŵͷİɣúԺ鳳Ѵµġ
ͷ˵ů˪о֮Ǵ˵ˣ̫ҽ˵Ҫü꣬Σв㣬ҲŽӻ̫Ůƽʱտһ
͵Цѵľ˱ڵľˣڻסʿĵġ
ĵĵͷڹڵļ˵еҺܷģˡ
ڻܹøΪʣǴЦݣǱģһ㶼ࡣ
ǿԣΪֵࡣ                        
лҪ˵СջСʹǣԤնԣղذɡn(*RQ*)n

54

лҪ˵һ¼Щ֣ȤĿԿһ£СʹӦǲټǮ˵ġ
ɢ˯˼ʹľԺ, ȻΪûЩӦҪ书
ûþͿһװĳ¶˹
΢üȤ˵⼸ϢҪ밲ղŰٺ, ҪϢһ𣿡
¶Ժ¶һЦݵ书, ¶ʱҲѧһЩȭȣ̫Ůָһ
۾΢΢, 뵽¶Ͻ, վˡ
һֱҵרΪΪ, ÿ˶ڸʩְ
ְǴ÷عðհҵ, ĺƽ
Ȼ, һͳȻõġ
Ժ, ļϵ׿˵˵ְΪȡ
ΪιϵԸ, ǲҪ鳬, Ҳܽܵġ
, ڻûзĲ鲻Ը˴ڡ
ȡΪ˼Ҳ, ΪԼҲãΪҲá
ΪرǱӻܵԼϲõ飬ÿĳ졣
ֻҪ̫ᡮ򿨡, ֻҪҪ̫֣ϾԷҲְڣΪ˸õ档
ʱЩ飬밲һǣţʲôҲûйϵģֻÿʱ֮ϾŲ࣬㲻ûöԷӲ֪룬òʧ
Եʱţһ֮䲻̫ණһϵر졣
ų¶Ӳ֮ˣԺ渡ֳͬµһ㣬һѺӧǹǻԼ壬ѧ֮ҲǼ츳ѹеӡ
˲ò࣬ԷȻˣ˵⾪ϲԺҲ˶Ҳһ׮
ȻǷʵǹǸеġ
һʼֻ̽һ£ٶȲ졣
֪ȥ¶Ƕ㿪ʽȻһˣ˱ﵹ˹ȥ
Ǻ
Ƿˡ
ε̾Ϣһ£Ƭ̺ѡŰȽסˡ
¶˵һˮֶûУȻǡȭȡ
һϵеĽ˵߲·Ҫҩһϵеķ˴죬֪ŵ
ſں¶ƽЦָĶŷԸȻ˵ˣôϰһЩҩúϢһҪκò߶Ȼ˸Ͳˡ
ЦŵƬԺʵô
Сһ׮ʾ֧һʾͲ˵ˡ
㲻˵Ҳа취֪ġ
ΪԼܴǴЦ뵽Ǹոսְ̫Ͻˣһ³֮ͻͣˡ
û뵽ǻǱ̫ۣԼ̫ۡ
ŲźõĳҲ˹Σ֪ʳڶһ˺ܶóԵĶ˹
ϿȥʳΪӵĶƷһ£ž㲻ǵóԣһԼϲԵҲǲľϲ
Ҳǳ¶òãļҪĿСҲǿԵģֻȷʵҪ޵öࡣ
Щ˶ʵЩ⡣
Ŵ۾εĿԼһȿ佱ĳ¶һ´ǣίıʾԶϲ̫˷ѣ»һá
ԼżһҲ̫ǿ
ų¶Ӧ̫ˣԼǰڡ
ЦôŵջʵûʲôȤǰã̫ŮԺûķϣרʦ̵㡣
ػɬ¶ûʲôİãΨһİþóԵĶúź
ŶԷΪϽĵӣиӺΡ
ֻèĻǳİþǣԼңգԼߣԼë
飬Լͺĺ
ЦЩӲ˵ްԺ뵽ʲôȤһҪ˵
۾ˡ
Ϊ鵽̶ӦþͲˣϰʵҲúá
ֻû뵽ǻԼ̫ˡ
һգڵĸ٣ȥฮѵһฮͽϢһϣڶЩʱٻ̫Ů
ԼΪһЩҪȥͻ̫Ů񣬴ʱʱЩˡ
Щƣϴһ¾ȥˡ
֪ոȥһ
ȵģ
ģ
ģ
壿
ԼϿ
˻Լ·
ϸȥԭǳ¶ԼѹԺѹ⣿
ٲ̼˶µģƬ̲ŷӦ
˲ʲô뵡ͳͳɵ˾⣬ȡ֮ѹסŭ
˭ԼĴ
̫Ůʲôģ
ǳܹĽ޵ô̿ǲҲԣ
ˮʵô£
æ¹ūų⣬Ծóˡ
ûĵطЩֹֻû˵
žŴھϲ²Ϊ
ŵ
̧ͷЩʧɫĳȣҲ࿴𾭽𡣡˵뿪޵ȥƫϢ
ޱĸ¶ϱԺ󣬷ԸŴ²⴫Ժ󣬶ȥƫ鷿Ϣ
˵̾ĴҲҰȤһ׮ǻᱻһ׮Ȥ¡
֪˵շع˵̾ҲδͨȥĴϣ˶¶࣬Ǹ̾ȥǲ
ȻЩʹ̿ͰȫصĿ⣬лһЩ޷˵顣
ȻŮôǰڵǿµʱģǸʱкѹŮӵĴǲǳå
ԣѾǵְϽģְɧˡ
ԼǡǡǱɧȻĶ
ȷʵ޷ϰЩḡΪرΪ棬ǾóԿԼ
̫֮ŮأӰ׼κ˽Խ̫Ů޵
ʱҴࡣ
Ҳ̫Ů¹أԺһʮϴһԷҲһ¡
ǣŹʱů˪Ѿĵˣ˵æЦ밲
ɫѾָЩһЩ
Ѿ´·ֻ߿˾ͻᴭ
æů˪ö񣬿ұˣ̫ҽ˵ָĺܺãϾ㻹ǰշӷʽҩͻȬԺҲ²õġ
ů˪мĿ͹ڵ̫ŮȻů˪Ҳõô졣
ڴȤĳˣҲϰʱҩ
ĳˣЩεЦһ£ЩԼ̫ԸҩţԴʱڲŻ˵
ԼֻЩϻͿʼҩţһȥͱԽԽǲҪͺˡ
Ȼôġ
ĭҲ絽ˣ˵ЦǺг
ʱˣʵûе𣿡
ʱ߽˷񣬶һƵҲһͬ
ǸӾȻ


55

¶һת𾪲, ŵͷ΢΢˵Ĵǡ
ᱻʹѡҪԭֹǻʹֶӣҲı, ֮żΪƵ, ¶Щ˵Ϥеԭ
ϧǱȻӦϳˡ
ʹѳ¶͵߾ͼ, 谮
Ǵò, ǲÿ˶ĸԸӵġ
һ֪ʲôԭⶼúܣ¶ͲԸ˰ڲ
Ȼ˵ӣô˵ҲǴҹ, ҲĽҲСС֮ġ
¶Сʶ, òݵλԲԼԵõ̫Ů, ΪԼҲǿԵġ
Щ˼ζĺõʱѾ޷Ŵ
ôǸɾԼԼ裿Լ谮һ
οԷǸ߸ϵ̫Ů¡
Գ̫Ůĳ¶еϣܹעһϵе顣
ԭǿԵ, ϾѾŵȥĴˣȴһ˶ؿշ
ʵŻó޵, ܴһԭΪ֪¶, ǶԳ¶Ǵ, ԲŻС
Ͼ鳿¶ıʱȫ˵˵ġ
֪Ϊ˹ļ, ûķ룬Żɺһϵе顣
Щڳ¶˵Ǵδģ߳ŭ֮еŭ𶼹ֵ˹ϡ
ǹһֱռ̫Ů̫ŮϾ˼ˣ̫ŮͲԼôмһˡ
ƽյʱ̫ŮԼ˵ʹģǴԺȻԼ, ôһԼ̫ŮЦ
ʱЩʱһͻԽԽ࣬ԽȻԽ⣬ǴӲԼĶԴϹֵ֣ܹˣƺԼһûˡ
Գ¶ΪڵĴԼŲܳ裬Ȼôǰ֪ǲǻЦأ
뵽˴¶ҲƲסԼĵĶħܵĵطͼӴ׵һͳ
Ȼܵõ谮ȻҲԸùںù
ţභԼ㲻֮
Ͼĳ⹬֮͢п˵㲻ܵܡ
дŲײĸ̬߰ݼ̫Ů
Ժ󲻵˵ԹԵվΧ˵һ
źһЩõεҡҡͷ
̫Ůļϵˣǧ谮һҪĶ̫Ů뷽跨㣬̫ŮǰǲҪ
˶̬ţⲻ֪Ѿǿǫˡ
һֱû˵ͷðһЩ飬΢΢򣬳֮µ˫ֽգǾҲڷƺʲô
ʱоһ˫ůסԼתͷͿڴŹĵ˫ۡ
һůӦһЩӲЦݣ˵°ɡ
˱־ʵȥѾȥ۲죬ֻεץڵֱ֣ȴŷ
ԭһ֣͸ܵǵ̴Ƭ̺˲յÿһ
ͣĽҪȥ࿴Ҫȥ
ǰǰĳ谮ǰΪ̫ŮʲôҪˣαΪ˸򹷵̶ֳȣ
ᵽǰôȵİǷԼҲ˵ϧȷʵէࡣ
ո쳣ںԿڽֲµʱڵ˹վϷ硣
ΪԼնº۵˫æԼǸŪʹˣԲ𰡣ҸոЩʲŻġ
ԭŵǵĻе򱣻ӰԸȥ̫ҽ
ãæֹңûµģҿͺá
һů޵ӵ
Ļʵģġ
ǰôȣôжûаϵ
һֱǰسŵģֹһ̫ŮТ˳ĸʣҲסļܵǽʹɱ̫Ů¼Ӱ졣
˫ڹڿĵط¶˺⣬ǰԷӦٳĿȨ
ʵһֱ֪ס̫Ůġ
Ͼ൱ڱ乬ô˵ˣȥ̫ŮʱȻҲ͸ˣһֱԺ档
ûһֱ乬ܲˣֻһԼǰ壬չһˣڵҲӦõġ
ô乬ʵסţҲǶĴ㡣
һǵһ˶乬֮УЩǰĸ档
ֻû뵽ڼ֮ɸᱬոյõ겻ȵʱȥֱ롣
ֻҪ΢һõͷ˾ͻἫΪǸոմ̼̫ˡ
۶ҪδãֻܻһӦ
뵽˴ﰵޡ
΢һҲ֪ǰȻҲ˭顣
Լոǰôʧ̬֪᲻롣
ŹЩί㿴ֻԹԵţȴţᣡŽƽ˵𾭶ܾǾ͹𾭣Ͳòã
ڳ˳Ļ˵ãֻҪǰѿôá˵֮ΪصʵֻǰвһҪ̫ҽ𣿡
Цŵͷã
ںʶ꣬˼ȫϣĺܶ˲ײϸ΢֪֮
ЩԾ¶СԼǹȷ֪ġ
ȻͬѴδ̸۹飬Ҳ˿ڸǡ
ĵλҪ黹ֵ֪ģ˵̫Ůжమǵ֪ΪʲôʧûþͺԼ
ǸʱĿŮ޵Ϣ˿ɷͲչ˵ӡ
ԶڴŰѵжһֱǳֻɵ̬ȡ
οհѼķӦҲ֣岻
ڰѵӰܴ󣬵ӰƺݣֻǵôһʱҲò׼
ʵڰ߻ָʽ׼һ찢ѻԼĳ
˵һЩᴦúЩС
Եֻ֪˵ĴǶ̬ЩؾʱҲĬϵġ
º͵Цǰûкһ㣿
һ壬ƺȥѾָˣﲻСһ׮⡣
һ¹ڵĲЦȻǺܺõġ
ڿŰָֻĵЦҲɵĸ΢СŰɣʽж࣬ϲԵʳn(*RQ*)n
ֿһΧ˱ԼӰˣЦźιң
ڴȤιʲô𣿡
͵һиԼرԵĲˣЩ಻ϲԵġҳһ㡣
ﲻָ֪Щˣѵÿ˺һ濪Цõģһһ㡣
ÿһ㣬ոһգ긴һ꣬긴
лҪ˵Լ治ϲĲˣͷҡ˹һ׵ԣ
ڳĿһ
۾һ˲ͰĲ˳ԺڴĿŹڣף

56


æµһ, ֻϲпճʱ䣬֮ʱƺڹۿҲû, ϾҲǳеʵ顣
ֻǵ۾ע⿴ۿԼӰʱ, ϵĶ˼һ˲
ﴩһɫӣµ˼ְ֮, ˼º, ˿Ȼмִҹӵš
ԶĵطĹۿҲδš
ǿѹͻأӲͷƤ书ȫͣ
֮ǰס乬, ס̫ŮһֱǱϢ, ԶϢ֪֮١
һִ̽ȥ, ֪һжݶء
ºûк, ûкڹֻЩվ, 벹Ҳˡ
١桯Ҳ֪, Ҳûܵǣ, 乬֮иʳ, ̫Ů½ҲǰԼϵġ
Լνǡˡ
ʧȥ˲Ŷϧ乬侲֡
ĺã
ĳ谮
ĳ磬Σ
ֻҪҪĶǶôȡǻ취
ԼԼĹʱ, ȴ᲻˵һ˿ػһί
乬ҹҹܹķֱǸУŮӶԼİεĲһУ
һݸôϡ䱦޿ɱġ
ֻȻ׼䣬ԼѾûа취ڶԷˡ
Ǽ滹ǴϣģôԼֻŮ۵ѹ͵ʱѲŰԼ乬ŰԼ
ԼֻҪȴһĽӻ
ԼôԣôġΪ
һԻصǰʱ⣬øá
֪ոһյĵȴĳճźԼĵһ˾ȻԼıܣõĵһϢȻĿѾ˱ˡ
˲ΪǵǸ˲ͱˡ
ζԸŶǧãõųˡ
˲סˣһʱҲ˲ֱ֮߳ء
ʵΧҪǰٰʮһҲ߲ȥġ
κ֮ǰ̫谮ֻҪûʲôԭԣΥܵ𷣣ҲΧ˸ݾȻҲͲҶˡ
һֻһҪǿ̫Ů˭Ҳ
̫Ůȥ
еغŮѾȥʱۣȻϻЩӤʣǸ˵ĸоƺ͵궼ͬն
Խ·ˣõһۿȥƲ۾
ֻû뵽ڿԼ𾪹ע㱻Աߵתע
ᣬǴЦĿӡ
ʱԭ۹ǲмڹ˵ģΪӵе̫ࡣ
ֻҪ֮ԶӲƿӲʡ
ǫ鵽δɹһֱͣԼϣԶֻԼ
ֻδ뵽˫۾Ҳűˣ
Ҳϱˡ
Լİ
ǴŲĮ
Ŀԣ·յůͻȻһͰˮֱ£˵ı͸ǡ
ȫܽԭԼĶԼǰȻȥĵȴʲô
Լ侲飬Ҫûԭ͸һ
Ҳ뵱ߴůȨֿɵã߻ר̫Ů顣
˭׵ӽ쵶ӳһлΪġ
ȴ
乬ѾǰΪõѡˡ
Ϊѡеôί
䣬ǰΪöĺˮ
ʶľˣϧһԺִ벻ǿҪ˵ĽŲӲͣ
һһϵζһ쳣ϤĸоֹסҪմȾЩϤС
֪ϤвԼģǰϤС
ǰϤС
иͣڳͣڽҪҪԶԶһԶԶĲֿ
ӲеִͣĿ⣬Էֻһִһɳհɿִûа취ͨ
屾ǰģں˳һʼҲģһʱִֲ¡
޲лΪûܾԼϲϲ֮־Ȼ
ôôܾأ
ϴμİһΪԼͻȻеɵġ
뵽Ҫʤ׷ЩѾ꣬ٵȥ
ϴŵĽͲײͿ֪Ҳԣʱ֪ˣԺҲٷǴͷòã
ĻʱӶը˻ĸоĿϲͿԺԲƵίУûзӦʱֻԼŲá
ȷӦʱѾ໥ӵһ𣬶ĥ
ﾪ壬Ȩִˣ
ֻΪһ仰ĿȨͱˣ
ô֮ǰԼͳЦһ
ҧԼȨϧ˼ζֻ˲ֱ˻ȥ
ֻĿԼ˵Ļһһ
ܵõΧܹŵĻ㣬ȸĻȴʲôܸı䡣
ŵü֮ЩıΧӡ
ȥǸ˲Լ
Ҫô˵
ԭֻǰתһĹ»ˡ
ɥΣִ˶ûвĸо
ֻźΪ
鷢ˡ
ĿһһԼ·Ƥ֮ĴϢ㣬ָоôʵԼôͷûá
ʱ·֮һң׵׽˿Ϊķˣվһʻ̴ͩϡ
ͩ
࣬࣡
һƹ»꣬мҵģֻԼͩ
ʹ䣬ͩҪô죿
ٴĿȨоִҪȨȥʱҧԼأĸܵ˺ȴû÷ֺ
׼ɣԼģ˭Ṱá
»Ұ࣬˭ԣΨԡ
ķعҪػͩҪػļң˭ֹص·
ɫڶΪ˺Ѵʹҧ촽Ѫζ
쳣ͣĶʵôˣ
ӦԺһƣ˲ʶ˺ڰ
ϴŽٺľϲ鿴Լ˫֣ĿȨ
ָǺһ£һָоǵʱĿȨĺ˵ʲô͸ĿȨ
ıִͬһЦԺҲ䡣
뵽˴ԵϾɱºԥһ̹ȥ


57

ĵһ, תѣȻûɱġ
ֵһ˲, ִٴη, ôƤˣһʱ˫ҵĳͻ
ʵܲ˻, ⷬŻ¾š
žԼɫ԰ֽ, Լƽ潡𼫴󣬿Լִ֮˱֮лҪô˻ԡ
ޱҪӵ, ȻĻΪع̵Ĵ
ӲܶԶˣǺ˴ͣ
֪ոͷ, ͸ִܵͼ, æͷ
˼, ǲҪ˺ͷִͻῪʼ, ҪҪִͷ, ִһ㷴ӦûС
Լҵע, ִһ㷴ӦûС
½½˼˺Ժ󲻵ò, ִΪԭ򣬳ˣ޷Ӧһǣͷԡ
ۿϳʱҪˣ˷ʱ, ӵ̧˴ϣαװһԺ˽ʰϴ
ڱԼӰȫǱԼʿ
ʼҹȥˣǻϢ⴫ȥ
ʰԺԷһԼ϶ĨһЩ֬ȷԼϿʲô쳣ųš
Ȼ˿Լɫ죬ֻ಻ҪĲ²⡣
ĵڣȻＫ۵糯ʱԾɾȵŸ飬䲻жȡ
ֻ곯ԺڽϸžԼԽԺһȥͻԼ졭
һңһȥϳڡ
뵽˴ɫһһףæʵտʲôҪ
æһЩй£ûʲôرҪ
ͷϲֿڵĺ֣ȻǹȥһЩžá
ŵ
һ·϶νʧԼ飬ֱ˵϶С
ѵҪԼԼڻиǰִҪߵģ
Ȳ˵̫˼Ųš
ɾˣǷԼ֣ǷԼǸˣ
ǲ˵Ҫô͹ȥ
ȥ

ͣİοԼ˵׷ʵģʵҪġ
ʵô࣬ԼûвĴûһΪԼ̾ȻҪ͵ѡ档
洫ĵһֱϲڵԼԼʱȥǴ˿˿࣬Լʫһ
һֱһرԺ£ڵ˶ȴ
Ǵ˵֪ˡ
ȴԸԼʲôʲô֪
ôöĵ˲زסİ˼
£ɶϾ
ȫΪ
С࿴Ϲžϲæ׼ֹͨסˡ
Щ²ʵ࡭ٵ˶ã
Сһ£ƺһʱûӦôش
Ȼ죬СڵߣҲĸһڣڷҲ
ǲ֪ʼĩڿģ
СĻ۾ĵҹ̫ŮϲԵʳ̫Ůȥ̫ŮͿʲôûж˵͵һҹ١˵æڽ͵̫Ůӣǹ⻵ӵġ
ſɬЦ᲻ŵĵ૵ԭҵĴôأƺ뵽ʲôʵù𣿡
С࿴ƺûһæĻÿٷʱԵģֻǽϳԵһЩ
ʹСߵˣСʲôٴġ
ѺֵݸС£ûֻȥĽŲȴӲֹסˡ
ܵԼֿʼ֪ǲִҪͼ壿
̫ˣǺһڼִ˲֪ʲô
ԼĿ֮ٴλ赹ȥصĻᶯҡ١
ҶģҲĲ
СԸתڣ˵ĻδֻǡЩĪҪģú˯
˵껰󲻸ҶƬ̣תȥ
Ϊ̫ģûעͣˡ
ո˵Ļһֲ©ȫ˹ڵĶ
ڽӹСոճ¯ĺ֣ϲζ滹Űϵ¶ȣֻѾʧǰˡ
һֽϡ
ʱһգ
ְǿˡ
лҪ˵ӵġΪս
һĵط
ҹĹӤ
ĪּƵ꣬
ҽԺֵĺɫ߸Ь
ԶҲҲؼ·Ů
ַӶٵݣߴһԨ
ī鳺Ϊ˱һȥ֪бѡ
һжıͳͳΪ¡
ī鳺ľȥԹǿ
һӰĵ۽ǵˮߵૡ

Ϊս
ұУұǼʵݡ
֮־֮־
ĺһԶ㣬ܵһ˿䡣
ħ̹ҷŷŮǿŮǿ

58

ҡҷ鷿, ˿⣬ķе顣
Աߵĵѵ, ҹѾ, ЩϢɣ
ϴŵľͷҹ㲻ȥ, ˯鷿
̽, ǲ뱻˴ţһ޵ϢҲ
һû˵
ܻ޵᲻
ʱĥζˣǰֻ, ִ򹷡
ϲʲôʲôԼ, Լڡ
֮徭ܲס, ԲǺִ涥ײ, ԸԼΪ
Խаŭ㲻Ҽϲ, Ǻ, ϲҲ
һ
ԺȲȥ, Ҳȥ
ʹһ
ʱ, ҲִһЩŵ
е㰮ʶģֻҪ㵽鷿ĲˣҲڡ
û취֮£ֻó鷿ҹ
֪ԼΪ˿Ҫô̫ڷܣҪõĵطƾӽˮˡ
ΪʲôԸԼ޵Ϣ, ʵΪ֪ôģ̫Ͻˣ·;֮żֱʤ
ʵ䴦ģϾʱӻǱȽֵģԼûлӦҪ˶þͻˡ
ӵĻһలµͬһ£ҲĳֽǶȵ¾á
֪̬Ѿúˡ
ĶҪҲǻӦҲǵġ
ǶԷȴƫƫӶԽԽ£һղ
鷿Ѿ࣬˶ˣǰ컹רűĸʽȥ飬ĸúõİοһҪݽϣϾûš
ѹзҵ˼ʱѾҹˣʱǲԼġ
鷿̫ãоЩƣݣϳȥ԰ߡ
ůɫ¹ϣϡĵ׺ܿȥãĪһƽĸо
̧ͷЦʵǹ²ͦÿģΪʲôеǶ
ЦΪ󲿷ǲ֪Լ
΢΢üЩѾԵİǰˣҲ㲻֪
칪ͷЩϹЩϹװ׵İǰԸȥԣȻԵ֪ġ
ЩεЦ԰ôܽһװ˯أǰʾװҲԵ֪
õһӱȻζı۾Ż㣬ҹڲ֪˳˯
ڶ鷿Ĵѣһ˯üΪıǼ⻹ŵϤϢ
ϵϢ
æ۾Ҳ鿴ȴûзڵӰ
Ѿ
뵽Щ΢΢ʧ䣬ôõʱ仹ûа취Ӧߡ
ʵ
ŵͷڻ԰ӣ˯˾ûдӡ
ĬƬ̺ʵ𣿡
Żһտɫȥܺá
ܺãЩɻ΢΢üչǴЦĵǾͺá
̧ͷŴģƿ鷿ĴţԼϣůڵġ
ֻҪȥͻᷢʲôɢ
ӱôãҲǻʱ䴦ʱˡ
ָֻɺǰһ
ϣһʱʢװ絽ԼǰֻûٻرܶԷ
֪˲ֻ֮һ̫ҽ˵̫ŮůҩҵˣֻҪú÷վͿȬ
ů˪Ĳܸϲɫģںȥů˪￴
ŵ
ĺϢȻĵĺ̫ҽһȥů˪
ӲӿʧӰɫҪγˮ
Ÿոպ˵ϻϵѾʼͣû뵽ůȴܳһţʵǿɶ
ůٸʱů˪һüΪרעӣõ÷·ǻ߳ľ飬˭Ը֡
ѹžֵطղôֻ꣬ǵ̸̸پͿԡ
ů˪ȷʵ˵ﱻ˿һкܶΪһǧ
ڣԵ̫ҽů˪Ծķ˽Ų˵ܶˡ
ڿʲô飿
ů˪̧ͷ㿴Ȥӣæů˪ݼ̫Ů֪һͱסˡ
ů˪ϴζôĺš
ֻƺЩͬ
ů˪Щüĵʵ񾫡岻ʵ˯߲ã
ů˪æҡͷȻǣڸΪģô˯߲أ
Щɻ㿴飿
ů˪Щ˼ֻǡֻ⿴
ů˪һЩΪҿģ
ů˪ЦŽ͵ϵζǰ΢ЩǵһŵζԲǲµĹãֿ㿴Ȿ飬Żô²⡣
ů˪̫Ů鷿æµ˯в㣬һЩϻõϡ
Цŵͷǧ󣬱Ȼõϵġ˵ʾ̫ҽΪů˪ϡ
̫ҽΪĸů˪Ժ˵ůƼأΪȲˣ֪ůǿֻܶ࣬ǵ˸εõպþܸɼ̱Ԫ
ů˪һҩǹƷæҡͷ򲻿ɣƷôů˪˷ѣʵѾúܶˣǻõġ
˵װ˵㵱ҲǾ˱ѵֵһ𣿡
ů˪ЩҵĽ͵Ȼǡ
һů˪ıЦˣ̫ࡣ
Ժ̫ŮʢůΪ̫Ů̫Ůϲ
̫Ůʲôö͵ůǵܳҲȥ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôԭЩһֱûǣůȡ
֪ûжþʹΪɱů̫Ůֹ̫Ů
ŭֱӰᵽңϴԼµС
ԭΪѾһ䣬֪ûж̫Ů֪Ůʲô˻ʹֱ֮ӱչذ겻
Դˣ˵硡
˲²̫ŮΪ̫˲Żˣ˵Ϊ̫Ů˲ӣе˵Ϊɱˡ
۴ô²⣬ŮĴ֮£عĳٻ̩ɽ                        
лҪ˵ӵġΪս
һĵط
ҹĹӤ
ĪּƵ꣬
ҽԺֵĺɫ߸Ь
ԶҲҲؼ·Ů
ַӶٵݣߴһԨ
ī鳺Ϊ˱һȥ֪бѡ
һжıͳͳΪ¡
ī鳺ľȥԹǿ
һӰĵ۽ǵˮߵૡ

Ϊս
ұУұǼʵݡ
֮־֮־
ĺһԶ㣬ܵһ˿䡣
ħ̹ҷŷŮǿŮǿ

59


ɫ΢Щ, Ǿ񼫺ãǴȻͿЦݡ
⻬ļ, Ҳûа̺档
չΪ˺ǰִ׵׵һ˽ᡣ
֮˺˯
Ըȫ¾ѡȫ, ǲȫȻҲԥ𷴿ɱ
ڷִϾǰ, ǸԼġ
Լ, ΪڶִȻԸ⡣
Լ˲ů˪˵ů˪, ֻŮ֮ǲһġ
ִûа취жԼӽů˪Ϊ
ԼŽִ߽зӦһ, Ϊ֮, ȻзӦ
ڷһԺ, ͿԿů˪ů˪, Դŭ
Ϊʲôѡů, ʵԺ̫, ѡ˲ࡣ
Լᶯ, Ȼǲѡġ
廹Ǹ̫кӣʱ򶼲Ǻܱȷʵ̫ʺ
ĭû⣬ǾΪĭžǵĸʹ͵ˣҪһ㲻ôЩֵֹĻȥ, ͽĸʷշԸ
ů˪˼͸ŽС΢ΪԼҪȷʵõѡ
ů˪⣬רȥ
Ӵ磬ҲƢ
軵˵ĺӣƶױŭ²ֲƺ
˵ڳãԺǵûǰôţӶʣˡ
ȻͲסȥů鷳
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