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ʾʲôһ˵ģ

УǾ



۶иϲ񣬱䵽ԭʼ

ɺǷǡϲ񡱣

ˬϵŮ

ȫʳֱֻȤ

ơ߹İá

ǧѹ˪ֻҵ

ѷ׷ϥǵʱ

ֻйԼǳ˹Ȼ

ҵҩǺö

ôûأ

-----רԤգ߹·ҪʦүȦ----------

İ˵ͨ˵˻֮飬״ò

ɣһɸ࣬

ʳﶼ˱˻

뵽ϱУܵŵ°˸̯

һʮߺ˰ŵƭǮƬѡ

һ

¹˿ͣʣʲô

------

21͵ʱǮľȻǴʦҵ

һƬȻܵǧ򣬻õȱ

ĽˣҲ뿿Է

22ѧɣŻɽ𣬻ɽҳߣɽŴ֣ʦүݰ٣Ѱ

һţϣҴѧ

ȴȦ½ںСޣʦүȥɡ


1

1
ʱ֮ǰڼʱֱССһʱҲھŪףһСԡĶ
Ǹʱзԣű֪¡
Щ߶Դ֮ԱǣûĴߣ˭һ㣿
һ̤մޡƼΪ֮󣬲ֻ֪ͨһСԡĶͿ˽صϢͨﵽһ־磬ķ棬Ǽսɣֻľһ
ô꣬û߳ΧྐྵȻѾˡ
Ҳֻͬʵ߲ң·ԣѵ߻ħ
Զ˶٣ֳŽͨѶͷ·ǰʦŵĴǺ
ǹһļҳ𣿡
ԣüͷ壬ڣЩƮǡ
ũϵũB֣ܵ˶Ź鷳һˡ

֣൱ڷĹٸš
һǹСĴ磬ΪõĸƷı˵ܵܡ
Ǳ߽˰죬Ǹ״ȻŶԹˡ˵ҲһС⡣
æԼС֮̽󣬹ߵڣг򣬼˱˵ܹܵһ
һСڿӰ΢żֵĽţżֻǼ֮һŤͷһ
ĦŻһӪûһǰı˵ܵܣӪǹһϳŶſڵģҲͥһʳ
֣һЩŤһ£û˵ģǾôߵǰ档
ֺ͡š˵䣬Ŵ˵ܵܣߵ˷ſڵʱ򣬹һ˿ϸөԲ𡭡
ڹͷ֮ǰ˵ܵСѾҴһԼ䡣
üҲһ̧˵ܵȻЩըëȴҲġ
˶٣ţš
ûжüͷ壬һ飬һţ
ŶȻ򿪣һۿֺףŹҴˣѾ˵˶Բԣ𣿣
õ㻨⣡һӪҲûˣ㲻ɱˣ϶Ҫ𣿣
Ҳ⡣ͻȻֽһֿסקԼǰ
һʶĳ֣ȴԼϲ񡱽ǰһ㷴ضûУ
һץ֣һӣԼеġ衱ָһ꣬гɷۣ˹һֱϵѪۣԼ۽ǵϡ
һһ㶣ۿĸˣӴ΢΢۸ϮһʶҪˡ
ץ֣ûĻᣬҲûֻǴ
һ˲ŭһקԼ֣ܻΪҡ
ׯ԰ûκγûһʳõĶ㻹ΪǺö˳ȥףһ㶼
һǸƵһһӾй
ʵ⣬ȻǸ꣬뻹ȥģǴ޿ɾҩ
Ѿύյׯ԰˵˵֣ĿĲֻҪֵԸϸ飬ʾͲһˡˣûеġ
ֻһ̤նѣһ½롱磬Ϊɱ󡱵ġȻҲҪúĥԺ
һʱǱԭһ顣ҲһҵҲĲˡ
סһƫԶׯ԰ԵǸׯ԰ԭĸ׵Ų
ԭ游ԶĻоԺԺĳγʱʧ٣ĸײģȥѰҵʱ˾ȻҲŲټ
ʱ䣬ûκҲˡ
ڽ˵ʱԭ׾ȻͻȻӻһԺԭͬ˫̥ͬʱ˫̥ĸס
ԭʧȥĸ׵ԭ˵ֱ֣ȴֱ͵ĸ׵Сׯ԰ˡ
Լ벻յԭʼ죬ԭ͸ɱˡ
ֻϧֻСĵܵܡ۶Ǳ߼ϢҲûиֻƬģ絤ڵĹˡ
һԭϵܣ䣬ԱԸദ٣Ҳõı˵ܵܿԡ
һ㶣Ȼû뵽Եͣ𣿡
°΢̧ô֪
һҪŻңֶ˶٣أ㣬㣬١
Ҫˣ㱻۸Դ˵ڣһֳʦűܻӭʦʦչ˵õҪһ˵ܵܣƺҲͦ˼ġ
һŭˤŶȥһӺŽһʲô˹
ǸдŹһѧУֵӪ΢΢һ㶣ѧУһ͡ٿӪĻɫҺ塣ֻǿţеԵġŻ
ʲô磬ȻɥĲĺڰ


2

һ߸ոսһȴˣԼֱϵ˵ĵطһϡǸոճģǳһɫŵģżַ۵Ƥ⣬ȻѾˣ
Ӧȫˣ
һ̲סŴͣ˶ˣǵ۶õƲնûôЧɣ
ᱻƭˣʲôΥҩɣ

ԼǰӪԼһγԵʱǸо˶ˡ
ûϾɥĲġʳ
ԼǸѾЩ鴤θٳһǸҲһûԶı˵ܵܣ̲סŤͷȥũׯ
ܱʦϣҴΪ״ӣʲô츳
Ȼǣֲ׺Ͷȼߣʱ°빦ʦҩźװס
ʦҩÿһҩ綥ҩģ࣬ʲôֲֲܴŲˡ
Ҫ˵̲ס˶ Ҳ֪ʧ٣ʦ۶˵Ƕ˵¯ֻ¯ҩ
һ̤յ¯磬ǽ¯Ҳ˹
¯ʦģԴһҩһŵҩĹӡ¯ƽҲֻһæģ˭֪иʦԼ˾ˣ¯ҲŪˡ
뵽ʦӵ۵ģϽοԼʦ϶ɡ
ִסСӾׯ԰ܶأЩƣЩСǸɾ
ԭĸ׵ׯ԰ʵĻ㲻Ͼԭƿׯ԰˵൱Լׯ԰
ԭüεĺƽ٣νԭʼֲǣѾѡԱȽʺֲʳĵĵط
طһֲﶼ죬Ҳķӣ޷ֱʳá
ԭʼֲǣֲɺѣҪݸʳԡ״̬ṩͬӪвͻв
Դˣʾ⣬ʲôһ˵ģ
УǾ
һٵЩǾ΢ǿĴһѣһɢ˲䣬֮еʼۼ۳ơ
·Ƭﶼֲõġѽѽ׼תø֣̲סҲ
һͱһקɵûƼǿҪ ˣ

Ȼ֪껹µģ
һеɡĲֶڹͷϣ̲סЩ˲ڣҲ֪Ӧôźá
һׯǷˡ
һ£ŶȻ羭εĩ֮жһֽСӡĶ
ڹ֮־ǡħ
ˮὫ֮дġӡۼ
ˮھǿͨû̫¶ǣЩֲͨȴ൱֮֡
ܻʧأҲ᳹ûԴһ΢΢ЩѹǾİοû£ֲɿǮ׬һ ӦҲġ
ңѧУˣûг꣬ǿȡᲹġ
˵⻰ʱ촽ҧˡ
΢΢㶣߰ˣҲӵԭ䣬ԣ֪ǰС굽жཾ
״һ˫̥ûѡһ䣬ԼҪŽ㵽ĸ׵ׯ԰ϡҪǸ˸κһǮ
һ츳ܺã14꣬Ԥ츳AȵʱмĿܹS SSңµģϳŵģʵֻйһˣһԼҪġ
һ᲻㣬ϲû츳Ƣ
ڶΪĽмҪһ˵ʩᡣ
Ҳ̲סЩ˵ܵܣοû£ҵɲһ
˳һԴͷŨܽЩӲЩ֣ڸл
֪ƽʦʦʱʲôоˡ
ȻҪͨ޵ëиое̫ߡ
ֻǣһʮ꣬ôôߣַѾġ
һ
һѰͷצӣһֵֹܾĶ
ͲӦöԹκεڴͬģͲҪ
Щ᲻õ̾Ϣһָͦõء
͵͵ѹµģиطֲﳤøãӴ
ˮˮһĹɢˡ֮з·͸Щµĸоһ״̬ࡣ
ɣŵرˮգһֻ֪Ĵ
ҲɢȥһһɡޱĿһۣŤͷߣһ仰һΣϽȥ飡֮ǰģҪһѧˣ
                        
лҪ˵ԶкŶ

3

ƺӣߣ˵ܹܵȻֻǱ˵ܵܣһ㶼ġ
ߺܱ˵ܵܣԼȥժˡ
һ󣬹ÿˣֲǿƺ࣬صעĵطɳ˲١
ȴֲܸܵڻϸƬũõա
ժһϹϣһСˣԼöӡ
Ǽʱ˵ĺôžǣ¶ȣʪȵȵȲֲءֻҪغãȾ٣ﶼ߲ˣֲ
ԭ˻ʹǵײѵõһ׺һ⣡
ĥʳģѾʲô ⣬Ȼ˳ϹϺССһһһࡣ
ùҲѵǣֲﰺѵͬʱȴ˵ù𾪡
һֱͻ֮󣬹ŷ֣Ķ֮ԱˣҲΪʸ࣬и ħ
Щڶӻ±죬ɳֲеġӡԼڡ
ȻԳԣЩӡ̫࣬˵ȴûкô
Ͼӡڻ̫࣬ɻɡҲǹġ߻ħ
ڹ˵ȴû̫⣬ʶΪǿ
˵һ޴¯Ҳһʶѡҩ֮еĸϸ΢ʣֺοǰЩ⡣
ʶ޳еʣϴ־ʼƣϣȻʼ׼⡣
⡭
ŷһҪ⣬νĳʲôûУ
صĿĿԼ¯ϡ˫ֺʮʦĪ֣ͽҪˣôˣͽһúñúչ
¯һ
ʾԼûκθоֱӵ¯ĿռЩϣǰһٷӦǲġ
ǣȻ¯ϣͣǶξأԲܣĶ

Ҫ㣬ҴҲһͷ¯˶ѡôܱӣ𣿡
ҵʱһ㰲ȫжûСܵʯûˣǮûˣҩûˡʦûˡʦûˡҵǬˣ
ҪȻΪ𣿡
ƺܵ¯ĶԽԽСһƲԳԷơ
Թû˵ԼԹʮءˤһӣȻֱ͸¯ֱӽԼˤҲ֪ٸʱգٸʱ֮
ԼǸܵԹʮһߣ¯׵ʵ
ջ𻺻ָȼе¯
ǻľ˫ޣԭľϵǿʦҲǻԵɺϣһ𣬾Ҳϵ
ҲǹΨһԱֶˡ
¯Ҳ£ֲ̯һ¶ȣ΢΢һǿȥ
һζһӴӿ˳ȥ
¯㿾⣬ڲ㹮Ҳһ㶼˷ѣֱӼӸ˸ӿʼࡣ
ʱ˹ػײ¾ۼѹϲ¾塣
Щźռ仹̫Щ˺ӻûط
ζԽԽӣ¥ĬĬĹһǼ̲ס壬ӣҲ֪Ǹʲô
ɸոĻһҲôס
ζԽԽŨԽʵûס˳
һ ڸʲô
żʮӾͿԳˡ
̨ģĶŵ⣬һ
˵ɶԣ
Ҫɣ
лҪ˵ȥסQAQǶʱˡдģոĹ

4

4
Ź²ļⷭ棬ƺ˺СƬԼ޵ķĩ
һʶһ¿ˮһʵʵŵá
˹ϵôãʲôܲ𣿣
ʳʲô˶𣿣
һŹĶֱͷƤ飬ƫƫ۲Ŷˣһ˵ܵܣһԳˡ׼һϴֳԷɡ
һͷƤţҲţνġһǧһĲԸ
ɲ֪Ѿ˺ü죬òʳȻܴӣ˶˼ֵľ
ͳ˽ʦҩĲ;ߣϲϲĿʼڷˡ
һ࣬һ⣬ʣµġӺˣٿѾɪһȭͷС¯׻ѡʱŹ
Ͼϸˮһѹե̫
ϣ߲ôʵڲо˰ɣ˵ķǮҲˡ
ҪǣĶˣ۶֭΢΢ƵĿ⣬ԼŴࡣʵڲ뵢ʱġ
̲סԼʿˮֺһһԷˣ
һվڶ¥Χĵط͵͵ŹÿһȻһһϽŶ漴һᣬҲңƾʲôҪ
Ȼô룬ùһվһǾüΡ
ڵĥĥ䣬ŲԼ֮󣬲Ÿߺһңңе£Ȳԡ
Щ̲סϧʳﵱȻֳԣζõġ
Ȼһ£Ͳˣ
¥ϸһ̲סĽţĳˣ᲻ı
ȥţ᲻
һֱˣ̫ʡˡ
Щţ̲סżܲùɣ
ԭ͸ո¹һ꣬Щ߲ЯġӡѾꡣΪ˲ˣ͡ʳһ𡭡
¥ϼתɣϵոջͣȥֹɣ
ڷתȦԼ䣬۾Ȼ
ϽԼ֮ǰֱ豸Ū˳ȻЩǿɵײɵӡ
Щ֮ǰĶȻǶˡ
ԺûʲôȤ֮ǾͽȤĿϣС˵ӰӣֱϷ
ԭʳĵļ۸ʲ£ʳȻΪݳƷͬʱȻҲһ˵ְҵ
ʳֱ
ƼԽԽǿֱĹҲԽԽǿ󣬿ֱȡζֱڸ顣
ҲΪȥģֱע֮Ҳûù
͵͵΢ͷٿſȻһߵ½Լֱ˺ţ׼ֱ͸ֱȥƷһζ
ȲǹͿԳóеգ
ԾһþϵҽԺ͹ȥ
΢ͷüԸոյ½ֱŵǹɽζһ̲סǿ⣬ʶ̿ˮ
ˣ϶⡣
ɲͨ˵ݳƷȻʳʳ˵ҲֻϡѰ
۶ǼҲǳġûһҵĳһζܹ㵽̶ֳȡ
֮ǰǸҩκζЧģ
õֹҩģЧõĻƷмĸõġ
ɣǰԵô㣬ʱǴŹһߡ
ûסֱһӡ
΢΢¶ȣڣϹϵ𣬴׵Ѿڱǻԭֻһ㣬ζ絽ڣ˲һȥ
һ˲һ·ΪԼʲôըˣһŴµĸо
һ
ʲôʲôζʲôƷ
⻹꣬һѾʲôжж⣬Ҵҵȥץеһ⡣
֮£΢΢££˲䣬ģ·΢΢֬͵͵
ζô͵͵κһ˿һԼ
һ΢΢ƣȴ۶֭΢΢۵ҧ£֭ˮ·Ǿôһ˲ġŷ
ŨҲһ˲֮䣬һ̣һӶѾ֪Ӧ˵ʲôʲô ʲô
ӣ˭ģڸʲô
׽Ѿֻʣ±ܣֻ磬ڵζǾ˵ĿڸУùһͣ޷ȥ˼ûжǲΥƷ⡣
ĿӺѾָӡ
һһڵĿ⣬Ǵһյ͵Ĵšãӽ쿪ʼ֪ʲôʳˡ
֮󣬹һﲻ̫ԵӣͻȻ뵽ʲô
Ҵææժ豸¥ԵòֺĿõĹһˣҴҹصԼֱ豸¥㲻ǺҳԷ𣿣ôԼһԵô죡
ʱֱϵĳҲˣ˭ڸʲô
ؼǣôôˣŸոճһ⣬ûüһǷݽɫŴճϹ࣡
ٰʳʵ̫Ҫһ㣬ֻõ㻹Ҫдʱ;
Ǹũϵһеȹ˾ϰ壬ҪԼסɵûа취ֳ̫ʱ;
ԣֻڹֱ֮̽ʳ
Ҳż˸ȫûˡȫûֱֵ䣬ҲһСĵֻײ˽
һŨζֱӽ׷ˡ
̫ˡ
Ҳʵڲϡ
Ͼ˵ˣܱľֵ⡣
ңǶڸ߽׳˵ճ͵óĸߵԼʵ
ɣζﵽ̶ֳȵġĴûмҲ֪ʱڡ١ǳڡ桱˫ԶŻĻġӡּһ鿾⡣
˲䣬Ϊֱʳʦ޶òֵ⡣
ֵԣó̶ȣֱɫ֮µ㡭ãֻⷽ޵۹ͱ׼ҲǴﵽʳı׼
ٶȽֱ˿ǻ
һ˲ٷģ氮
ֺңŨ¡׷䡭
ݼཻŨµ֭ģһӣûгԹζŨ̶ֳȵʡ
ģôʳ
ʳζֿڸС
ˣⱲ飬ѧʱڵĳνûָо
û뵽㹻һ鿾⣬ийȻֹ
Ŀ͵Ŀǰֱֱֱͣˣ
˶ˣֱأأ
ʳȥ
ҪֱѾִ֧͡
ַͣͨʽͼϵԷֱΨһ˽ĴڱԷǰرաʱ˿̣ޱʹġ˽
գ޴룬ᣬ׷Īȵȸһ𣬲ϻŵʱǸڸУǸζ֫ģǸµĿڸкζȴֻڻҲҲ
ʱ˿̣֪ôʽˣžǴ棬սȴȻֹĳΡ
ɣϣ׷Ī
ģôôζʳѽ
˶Է˺ϢȴҲûûпȻ
۶ˣеģºš֮⣬ûκõϢˡ
̲ס½ԼǸ˺ţ̲סϢ@ֱ12322313һβ飬ȻֹⱲӿܶǣ룬ⱲӶٳĿ⣬ֻʣʦֱ𣿣
лҪ˵ѽкء

5

5
ҲũϵһʳۼˣҲЩ˿Ϣոշ˷˿ע⣬˶ֱܵ˺Χۡ
һºţֱֶûиġ
һһ±ƵĻص罻ŵۣʲôֱ䣿Ʒ𣿡
ۣٸôõۣ档
˿䣬ȻҲ²ۣңʵڿţǹ棬һҸ666
Ȼǹ棬滹ҵȤҾʲôʱӪҵ
˵ʲôӹ棬Ǽ۸ûиλɣΥĹÿɲһ666

ٿϢǰû෴סۡ
һĥһһѻֱַһṩõ׼ȷϢҺϵϵģ֤Ըṩһõͽ𡣡
һõ㣬ɲǸС֡
Ҳ㿪۵ģȣǮҲȱһõ㡣
ңƾһ⣬еİٷְٵģԷֵһõ㡣
ȻģǰǺͶԷá
Ϣųȥʱ˸ȶȣвˣͳһõȥѰһʱ֮䣬¶ֱˡũϵȵš
ԭΪȶˣĲˣֱҲӦҪˡҲȥǼֱʳʲôζ
ɣ˰죬һ죬ȵϵ¶ȶ𽥽ˣֱɰ˷粻ٲȻûпơ
ǶɵˣѰҲˡ
ֻһˣ̲ס̾Щź־֮УϾˮ׼ĴʦôںֱȶȣںССһõ㡣
һɲ֪Լֻ뱻͵͵ֱ豸͵һڣȻպþͱˢĽһڡ
ֱȫѰ
Ҫ֪һҲûôǳͷˡ 
Ͼǿһõ㣡ȫԼȥٱԼԼṩԼϢٰ
Ҫôһõ㣬⼸궼ôǳˡ
ԼǰĹüͷ˸Ҳ֪ţôʮҪСҩӡ
ȻĶҲе˼ҲζŹСҩӣĿǮ
ңؼǣŹһӣֱдʮõһö۳ˡ
һ
ʵɹĶǲΥƷжɿۣ̲סǳ鴤ȥġ

һ۹Сһʾмһõ㲻൱һöͭǮʦĵҩȻʮͭǮﲻܡ
ʦĵҩϣǾǱõġ
Ǿ൱ǵڶôȥ
һܶණҪҩϾû˽֤Ҳûһôߵļ۸ ϶Ǻȥ 
һȻ֪ΪɶϾȻ츳٣һһζǿԼˡţ൱㡣
ǣҲôһӾʮõ㡣
ʮõٹһͨһ֮
㲻 ҵĶЧôãԲȥüͷü
ֱӾĵҩͨôӹ
һŹǽдˡ鵤ҩһһǶֵƣһöҩһ
һ
̲סֿ˿Сӣòġ̲סͷԼֱ˺ۣѾģˡ
ɣѵҪó鵤ҩ
̲סĽԴεܣôܡ
ҩҵÿ껨ѴʴʵõͶȥУѵ繮
ڵĵĲǶóȥȥ⣬ԼӦǳһʲôΥƷΪץȥɣ
ôдʵûбʦĵҩЧãͼЩȥ
һϽקסҪдȥͻᱻԡթƭ͡ٱ˰ɣ
Ҵתƻ⣬ӲҪҲ̳ϳۣ
˲ջԼĹԣд˾ܾ߲ͨôܸʦĶᲢ۵ķڵһۣ
ԼҲнҲԼļ֡
һ
ȻĹͦóԣҲȽϺúȣùɲ̫á
ʣµӺˣȻѾժһʱ䣬ɿƷɲôӵƺȷǱȽ˷ѣȻ֪ܲȥҲܾһԲǣ
Ŀİһε½ԼĹ̳ǣӺһСϼܡ
ɫ߲ˣһǺġոۿһЩ߲˵ġӡа˳ϵĿǲˡ
ѧҪǳõ㡣
Ķ࣬ҪȫóȥֻҲŲ˶ãԣũׯ϶ǵҪġ
ۺ̳ϵļ۸趨һѰ̳һļ۸Ȼ̾һϣȥɡ
͵͵ĲԼġ˵ڹˡ
ʵЩģϣʦġŲʵЩѹġ
ȥ֮󣬹ҲһЩ ˦һ仰ϴ롣
¯˷ѵʹáѾ˷ѡļޣԲЩ˷ѡ
ǡڡɲ˷
¥ˣһ¥ĹһЩ£
ͷӣ̲סĳ鴤һ˲ٻһ֮ǰζһüЭˡ
ϴʱ򣬲д֬ɴʮŨζùһ̲סʿˮʶ뵽һ⣬ôһ鼫Ϊͨ嵽ôŨζأ
ֻϹ+ףôζͱôأ
һϴ룬һ߷ʱ򣬹Ҳڷĥ⡣
磬һһһһķԼĵ̳ һֱϣĵҩҲûȥ
һǾǣͨ˶Ǿ֪ģ
ĽԶ£Ťͷȥ˯ȴôá顱죬
ʶ뵽˽һڣΪʲô۶ Ҵҿš
ſڵĹһȴǼѣ˶˷ܵģȥˣǵӺ˶ 򵽵˻Ǻ
ڹһ֮УǼٸõĴʲôһԼ׬ǮԷȻ˺ؼǣһƫԶ֮ҵԼļֵá
ô죬ʼպԼĹڳ嶯
Լѡδؾǹѡǹɱֵʱֻŵ˼¡
˹
еͽѹ֪õҪġ
ڣܹڿԲſǸˡ
̲סֺһûУǵȥˣ
̲סֿһԼĹԣûκζ
˹Ȼ
ĺöʽһ߲˾Ȼ˵˱
н㣡ĹĵƳһ۹һԼŤͷȥԼϡ


6

6
һԼĵһõ˷ϣ˲ô࣬ǻôʳģһһϼܣ϶һ˽
ͿԲϰѧȥһѧˡ
ȻûпۣɣһЩõôˡ
ϰѧԣ
Ȼһûпϴѧʧѧꡣ
ԭʮʱԤԵľ츳ΪEɼûõũϵѧУȥ
E츳ûи̺ʵҪͨ˶ݡ
ʱһǿ֮ͨ츳E+ϣٶ200ң츳ԽߣʵԽǿδø߳ɾ͸ҲԽߣԽ
츳Eµˣֶӻ£˶೤ʱ䣬ͻΪӡۼڹСȾ츳µףԽֿҲԽ
ũǣһùѧǣһ ûõ㣬ҲûкѧУҲΪɱˡ
ǱҪѧʱ⣬˶Щ̫ˡ
һɲ֪ôų⣬Ҫǽʵ̫ʱ˿̶޲ȥũժһ£ϼˡ
ڶһ磬컹ʱ򣬹һѾŰѹ׼ժˣϼܲƷˡ
һ϶ĥԼҩȥ⣬Ǹû˯Ŵ򿪣һûȥժ˸ʲôһȥأ
ġ˵ûȥƾʲôЩûжʳľͿȥˣ

⻰Ȼŭ˵ģ˹һʳҪʲźãǼҿûʿ⡣ǵȶ˸ʡ
ɼˣȥ￪ʼգ׼¡
ű˵ܵôŬֻҲЩ˼ˡ
ʣµһϣȻʣµһҲϡŸȥԱ쾫ʳġ
ժˣ±˵ܵܣԷŶ
һԭҪĺһ뵽Ϲζһûסһ¿ˮеĶҲʶĿࡣ
ϸϸĩһɫҶµζƷֻһСΣһࡣ 
˸ոճ극ţ˽ˮƣǸԸˬŮٲ
Ͷʮչˣ󲽵ׯ԰Ҫ˵˵ҷ޴Ӧͽ⡣
ҷ򸾾ǹׯ԰µˣǹ˼꣬Ķܴˣǵʲô˵ŵǶӸһףŭֵ˾֡
ģԷͽ֮󣬹һͬѧѧУǱҲȥæ͵ģκӰ졣
һվԱߣ̲סˡ
ʶȥȴǿˮƵ ĸʧ٣ңҲֻһŵĵط
⻰е秵ֿڣˮԶŻѧ㲻ˣҲʱ۵ĿǰĽ
£Ȼǽ˽ĺˡ
̲סģҲΣյġ
Ҫǣǲۿ΢죬 Ҫׯ԰ջֻҪڸǾûаȫС
ίͿֻţԱߵĹһۿͨ죬˫ȭս
Ϊ츳ܺãҲûǸν׵£
ûУֹɱʱ򣬲ųѹʲô
ûôһ⼸һǿ
ˮһĶ˽Ļ᲻Ǻܴ󣬵ҪԼ˸ϳȥ϶ûġ
ˮ֮ǰһӪͷڿͷ͵ӪҺһ¿ˮɤ۶ˣ˵ܵܿʱƸߵĹһ
һڳ˹ʳ֮ٿӪɤ۾Щ£Ͻһֽ˻ȥ
ˮ̲סԽжѵܹﻹУǶԡ
һܾ͵Ķæתƻ⣬ Ǿ鷳æˡ
ˮһŨŨͱֱӳģ
ˮȻչ˹ױ۸Զ˸չˣ磬һھּҷޡ
ȡͬǩֵʱĸŤģС㣬Ȱһ룬Ͼũɲôôģ
˭֪ʲôʱؾͶˣһʣ
Ϊôܰѽ״ѹܵһõ㲻˵ܳ׽ׯ԰˭֪ǾȻǸŮһѡǱƵǲòȡͬ
ϾǶӿǸ߲мܿϵ۶ѧģԲκǰơ
ңǰ˵ȷ⣬顣
СݣԣǱŵˣɪһ¡
ˮƶʱŭˣǻв˲ɣ
ĸæȻǣֻѹС㣬ĺࡣ
ߵʱ޵ҧˣˮٴвһ٣֮ڰׯ԰
෴ҲǱˮƻؼҵģ˽ϵʽù¶ֱϵ˵ʱ򻹹Ʋһҷޡ
һڼʶ˹ꡱı£ȻҲǰ㲻ˣؼҵ·ϣһ̲סĻڻζ
һڻζͬʱҲڻζ
ʲôʲôʲôƷʲô
Ժﶼǿ鿾ζֻôһ룬پ;ﵽ۷塣
ֱȦڵĳԿͣû˵˺š
ͷ۵ģʳңϡֱȶ
ⶼļζʦʲôӣ
һ˼һϡֱأ
뵽پû˾
̾һȻǵ۶ԻȻĳʦ 
Ҳ֪ʲôʱлᣬԵ׿ڳһ
ʱ˿̣ҲlΨһܹοģúŬ׬õ㣬гһ֪λˣֻҲûлȥʲô
ʱͨѶͣü㿪ͷԼһѡ
ũһƬûʲôϡʳĺͶԣߵġóԡҲ̫ࡣ
һũϵѵõĳʦ֮һʵǿԼһҲ
΢΢һҵʲôʳġ
һ뵽Ŀ⣬ȻĶҲûȤˣ뵽ʲôöҲЩȻζĸоˡ
ϾЩؾٺãֱܱǿó
ͨͨѶѵĺ˵ҷЩӡ20%ʳģζ¶˵ԭʳġ
˵£۾Ҳ΢΢
ӡ20^%Ĳأ
ũϵȻųơũǰҲǼũҵҵ
һκƽ֮б٣ߵʳҲΪҲûеꡰũǡ
һ˵60%ʳڵ͵ʳģһ˵ûʲôԸʳãΪ岻áԵĶ࣬շ;
ӡڰٷ֮40-59֮䣬Ѱʳġ
30-39֮䣬ھƷʳˡ
20-29%ϣһ˵ھƷĶʳġ
Ⱦ20%ʳģ൱Ǻʳġ
15%֮ڵģֻʵҲܳ
ũϵѰֲԭԴﵽٷ֮40-50֮䣬һֺõأũƷʴﵽٷ֮30ࡣ
ؼǣũϵᾭĳӵ20%ĶȻʳģܻáũϵš
ɽЩ꣬ũϵ߲Ʒ½ȻѾסԼĵλˡ
٣ҪԵ20%ڵĶʳģҲʵǲ׵ˡ
ʳʮʣȻֻӺˣƷʵ߲ˣ϶ĳգ˾þˡ
ٳԵ⣬Ҳ̲סʣʳģ
ģյģƺĲ
پ̲ס뵽ֱʳġʼ룬⵽׵Ҫôˮƽʳ
ǸζȻͨģ̲סզࡣ
ֻǣϧǣⱲӶûٳˡ
ʱһԼڶµʳҲˣǺ£ƫƫڶʳĵһģ컹˼ˣȻ˲
һ̲סһ˲ҴҴϵƽ̨ȥϵԷţԷҪҲȫ˿ġ
Ͼûǰ˵Щʳĸովһˮԡ ΢һ㡣
ƷãԷԸԸ⳥һ㡣
ɣܹСôϵԷǱ߶ûлظ
ڹһ鲻õʱһʳĵˣʮֻҪٹЩʳģҲؼۣг۸С
Ǹʱ˿ҲϵѯǷϼܡ
һò̫ԣﲻ̫ԣ˵
߶ûлظܻȥҹģ־ԼϹȥ
Լ뵽˹˵Ļ˵һ̨ʳġӡǡ
ũȲ۵ӣһ⣬С°Ͷ㾪ˣ٣٣ٷ֮ʮţ
Ƕʳģ
ܹﵽ15%֮ڵʳģѾʵҲƷˡٷ֮ʮڵʳĶڶʳģʳģÿһٷֱȣ۸Ҫ
ΪʳĶкõãвȫĲԱʾʳڼĽ̡
൱ڡ١
ĺöмܲأ
Ūһ֮󣬹һʱŭֲּɵô᲻֪Ǹʲô˼
Է϶ǷʳĵĲһ㣬ռˣǷ֣߷֣Թ˲ǵ֣еڶ˹
һֶ 
ȴԱ߽Ժѵĵôʳûëɣ
Һ˵ˣⷽҵˮʳıøã
һ
ͷʳģ̧ͷԭҪĻᾹȻҲЩ˵ˡ
ǹѰַ߲ˣһˮġݲСôûбøãֱһԾΪʳˣ
һ˲ܷӦһ⣬ѹֹôóԵʳԭصЩʳˡ
һ뵽Ǹҵۣʱθֱۣһ־ͽԷڡ


7

7
һ߳ŭֱӿʼһһв䡰 ӡֵ
˰죬Ҳûеȵһ佱ûʲô˵𣿡
СЩ˼ֱ̫Ҫ̫ˣռ˱˾ˣǾȻרŴ

ûӦÿһ£
һЩŤҡô֪ΪĹ͡
°΢ֿ̧ôõ㣬۾⣬Ҳ⹮һĲ״̬ǿһ𣿡
Ȼǵڵģɣ֮䶼ǻӵĹʵҲ͵͵ĥǻ¡ңʵϡģҲĺܺ桰ܻˡ
Ҫǣ磬֮ײ㻨ճͨģֵֻӦýˡŶԡ
һȻûЩڰ󣬿ɣЩõҲǹ׬ģû˵õ㶼ת˹̵տ˺Ŷĳ˹ġ
ңѧʱܲˣҹȨޡ
۾ˣʲô߲ģŤͷȥ̳ǡ
˵߲ңΣƶΨһùϲľġ
ȫ磬ȴǼȫʵǿȥκһȥطˣ̳Ƿ㵽£ֻҪ룬ֻҪõģû򲻵Ķõõ㣬ûԥֱȥ̳ǳ߲֡
ΨһȤˣ
ңҪǣ¯ ҲеߵģҲˡԼһ׳ñȽʵõóá
ɣգʦʳԭͲʲôͨ˿԰Ūġ 
ûüˣ;߶û򣬹ϾѾʾ㡱

һһ˲ոǵõʵҲˣһûôûˣ
ôһ˲  Ů˹Ȼܼҡ
ɿŹһ޹ı飬һʶĻظǵʳĶǶʳģˮƽܸߣֻ֮ǰʶԼˡЩʳֻҪȥǾиõˡ

Źһչʾָ֣ԤǸˡһǧõ㡱һ꣬һɣƾʲôһǧõ㣿
һͣ ҸողԹһ˵ƽӡֵ27%۸ȻߣǾﳬֵ
Ҳڵ۶йʶģЩ߲ˣ۸ٸߣԸ׷
̲סַԼĹ˺ţʽġ˵ֱǻ

ĶҲûйϵֻҪЩʳʼմﵽͬˮƽ϶ܺҲõˡһŹ̫ÿɫ΢΢һ£ο

Լ˿ûбο෴Լˡ
ʦ˵ȻȲЩʳģ
Щˣֱ̫û۹⣡
ɫˡ
һ
һߵһҲҴקߵˣұˣǿ϶ǷˣҾ˵ף
һ˵ô죿ҪǸ˵Ͳеڶȥôµ̣ԷҲܷ֣Լ-õ㣬ȫʧˣ
ô֪ʳľȻܴﵽ̶ֳȣ
ؼǣ˲ѺҪṩʳĿô죡
ǳ²ࡣ
ܣ취ڱˣԷ¼ʳģΥԼɲһ㡣
ݺأһ飬ûʲô
˵⻰ʱʵûб̫ϣϾ񼸺м飬գ͡ 
Ҫ̫ͬܡ
һʱԱһ£Ȼȵķ֣ٶ̫ˣʱ䣬Ծڡũϵ
ֱ̫˾ 
ũϵ˶һۣ˶Է̰Է۳۶ʳģԲΪ⣬϶Ϊʶ
ũȻǺúƵĺܡ
һֲܹʳĵأǻͨǼֱǾ۱裬ҡǮ
뵽˶ʱˡ
Ȼһϵл˸˺źͶԷϵ
չֻҪﵽ׼ǿԶʱչ۸
Ҫǻһͨũ˵ֱٺò飬ǣֻ˿ͣǷԼʳʵǱصĹһ˵ֱַӾͷӦǸ˵˸˺ƭˡ
û˵һһνԷˡ
һ㱻ˣߣȥһׯ԰һҪũׯҪǵׯ԰Ϊũϵĵһũׯ
Ǳ黹ɫд˾ܾʦ
ӦֲҩڵģӦΪڣԲΪЩͨʳģ
һҪˣǵҪõ㡣
ϱ΢΢˶Լһ롣
ԭʳҲҪõ㡣С

ʵҲͦҪģҲûбҪظǲǡ
ʦ˵Ҫѧͨһ;ԭУǲͨͲܷ
һ룬ǷԲˣǻʲôԣʲôԣ
 õ㻹Թףɴǽ
һվߣ
ҲΪǵõ㣡
ҲãҲգΪ˸õ˵ֲ˿ҲΪ˸õӦӣ
һڵĹ˼ֵ̻ҲȤˡŰվǰʱʮһθܵ㡣Ϊ룬Σգʶվǰ汣Ľ㡣
̲סǰ·
ɫ΢̫ԣקһѹһ
һһ㶣ͷ󣬹ָϸЩڰסһЩߣɵ׻ûнԼջ
ȻʾˣǸһӣ߳ŭˡ
һ룬˵԰͵ˡ
һ
žͼѾȥ԰ȥ̽ˡ
͵ˣһĵһӦȻǹϷˡ漴һͷԼոЩӡϹȫժ˸ɸɾ
ûгģƻˣʱˣʶľ뵽ˣˣ϶ǡ
ǣҲûеڶˡ
ȷֻڵʵнڵʶˮƽһ۹Ȼܷ⡣
ԷϢʵԡ
ҲͦģЩʳĶĳߣǽ
һҼֱҪ죬͵͵ͷˣֱǲ֪ߵغˡ
˵ԼֻǽΪǽǫߣͨˣ
ټ򵥣СߣҲԼֶκʵ͵͵ͷϣЩ˼ֱ
ֻҪһ룬;
Ȼûǰ׼ôͨ͵Ķ
ũתȦö˵ˣ󣬹ԣ


8

8
ϴǻǸСϵʽš
Сļ졣
ˮƣȻģʵȴһ㶼A츳ĳߡ
츳ϵȣҪΪֱֲԸЭҲ䵽ƫԶĵط
ӵͨѶѾŭû뵽ǶԷ޾ȻǲҪ̶ֳȣȻô۸ӣҪֱ̫Ҫˡ
Ѱһ飬ũ豸ԷңعرգԷʱȫ׼ûκָƵ֪ǶԷҲûа취
񣡡ⲻ͵Ҳǡв
ֻ͵أԷǲҪ޼ɵֱ˺ɱˣ
һ׻ᣬˮ֮ǰ˵֮ǰʵû뵽Է˼
ʱɫһӰˣʶĽס߹֡
ɷϣ츳ǿκεطѧУ
ҲѾԤԣ֮ʱ츳ٶ S𣬿ɣûгɳ
ʧȥ˹ҵıڲǸ2ߣ˾Ƥӵ˺ɱ
Ҳǵ۶ûôǿİ˶û֪
֮ǰĿŵ·Ƥӵ͵߲ˣһأ
֮䶼ҧѪɫڶζȴҲɲ
һΣԼĽ޼ֵ
֮ǰƾԼôҲ͹ȥڣ֪Լ̫ˡ
ˮƿĹһ̲סۣǿ϶Żˣ£ҽͰߣܱߵİʩҲ¸ǻһ顣
ȴͻȻЦˣãˮ鷳һһ¸İʩǰ춼ѧУµġ
ˮ̲סüȰ˺üΣȴʼռҡͷ
ЦٸڣôʰˣΪҪ˱ǣҪԺ˵һңɲˮ¶ˡ
ˮƿһҪæȰһ˿Ϊ ͻȻС
ͷΣգǿ϶һʱϵ
ˮε̾Ϣһİ²˰ϵͳһЩһһʵȫҪԺ취ٻԷ
һ㣬ˮƵûоܾøж˲ֵñȻһѹǶ˵Ҳһֶֻǵ ̫ż
ٲҲΪˣһСƿװһöʦġ˵
ʱ򣬹Щ۵ģʦġŲһһ㣬ƿʦ¯ûзż
ɣ֮е߲ңԼʦòġŲ˷ѣֻƿһ͸Է
ǡˮСƿӣôƬ̣ܾ£໪ĵƷ𣿡
üƿ˸ӣǵҩ˵˲Ҫã˷ѡ
ˮƣ
һ
һ̲סĸסȻɿʲôĶĴ
ˣûǮֱթƭƭˡ
ˮҲûϵǹ˵˲ҪáԭȻ˷ѣ
ˮЩЦãǲû˼෴ʮص̬Ƚ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôôΪǣԹ˵ӦǼΪĶЩ˷ЦӦúúء
̣ೣõĿ׻ҾͲԷˡ
ˮƱЦˣҲû֮ǰǹɳظУЦŵһһٰɡ
̾һʱ̫ˣؼǣǼԼĲ˻͵ˣˮ䷹ĻҪĶ͸ˡ
ȻȥҿũﻹʲôԳԵġ
һԵ ֣ʶһ¿ˮ
ûгϢʵǹ͵ˮ׼ʵʶĲ
ԭȥˮƿһı飬ҲЩˣ򹮷Ҫæ𣿡
ˮȻںˣɵ׻ùΣҡҡͷǻȥŰɡ
ˮƿ˿ũĸ߲ˣɫɣЩʵڲ죬ҲԼǰﵹæֻܸŹһ뿪
ũйʵƻĲ࣬ûгɵ߹ժģҪƻ
Ȼǲһ·
Ƕڹ˵磬һ겻Ǿ
ۼֻǶеһеȽࡣ
ˮڿкܿɢƻĵֲ»磬ӣֻǿţ֪жʡ
ۼǲ֣ٶԽԽ죬ֱӴӽ졣
ٳԼһۣԼһƼģ⣬̲ס̾ˣҪȻôԵñ
ˮƺ͹һڵ԰ϵͳһεİϵͳֱ豸ũׯķ棬ֻҪ˸϶ȥ޻ء
ͿԼĳ߻ˣһ˫ӶģŪʱ䣬һһĲԣòϣ˻ûԼĺ֮⣬缸˳ʦ
ģͻãٲϵĳԳ̻ȶһ˫۾˼£ã֮ʳȰһˡ
ôĳֱ𾪡
ôĳô֣
һһĳòֺѳˮƿȴͷƤ飬߶ģŲ18겻Ļʳ
ôԽԽԽǾòף
Щùˡ
һĸлЩ٣һ䣬ʳĺܺó 
ˮƾԼ˼һƣЩ˼Ҳˡ
ſеӵûֵֻĳٷڲ֪ʲôĲϵƣüͷýġ
ˣҲûʲô߲ˣĥһ£ҲûĲˣֻһ뼦֮󣬺Ѱһ 
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ҲͲ⿷ʽֻʱ򣬷ˮһ¡
ʱһ￪ʼ֭ˮѾýͣһ˫ӶڹÿһϣʶĸŹһһʿˮ
㡭ֱ̫ˣ
ˮʵʵĲݸǼ嵱лͻA츳ҲǸոձҵûãȻʳĶûмʶΣοǰζ
ԭõʳȻζ
һ̣·ƿһĴţͷһΪƶڡ
õ㣬ǲڴ֮ǰƷȻʳʳ
ҲǵһΣõȤ
׼ųʱ򣬹һˮ˶ѵǰ
ÿˮҪˡ


9

9
һһ뾢͵ĳ棬һˣٽϰ뼦⣬Ӫֺóԡ
ȻЩᣬɱϾ
õдôģʲôʱõˣٳԺһҲǲǣ
ҲԼȽģһʱ򣬿ѡ㹻ģЩ֮ǰ¯һö
ֻһϲݡ
ˮ־ʵ̫࣬ħȾʶ𡣹һСʵԻûôԣˮʵʵмӰ졣һԿҲûЧУһһ¡
˵ӦҲʮֵ˰ɣ
úᣬЩò֣ɶڹһˮ˵ֻ÷ʢĹͷ 
һãϾô٣Ѿôһľ飬ɣˮ˵ȷʵʵʵͷһΡ
棬⣬ˣֻǿžˮƵĿˮҪˡ
ζֱǻ꣬ǰˮѾҪƲסԼĶˣֻʱʱʱֶ̿Ҫֱӳץȥ
ֻΪһʳζؼǣһ棬֪Ϊʲôƺżֵջо
е·ڽżʺϣ
ǰˮֻþԼⱲе־ҧſ˵һ仰Գ𣿡
ܾԼҪ˵ܣԷʻֱӱܵ
Ȼԡ
ϾͳԷΪԼҲûôСġ
ˮظֱ˿ӡ
ֶѾǱȽݳ޵ĶˮЩмԼĹĻγ̣ܶá
Ӽһϣ˰ûΪӵĶʲôı䡣 
ЩƺΪոյĸˮ̹֮󣬶˼ֵоˮ⣬Եøˡ
˵ôƷʣ䡰ӡֻҪ30%˰ɣ
˼άڻת㶼飬ֱӼ˾
һ˲䣬һļ˵㣬Լһɲ֪һԼеĻϡ
ôһ˲ˮţĸܵʲô氮
֭ˮŨϡ

ˮƲˣô꣬Ȼһ֪ʳȻζ ֮ǰļʮ꣬϶ǰ׻ˣ
ǺڣԼ
ϵĶҲһ㶼ûмҴҼһ档
СĲԽԽͣȱȽϸߵС٣ֹĳʦ˵ҲرࡣˮԹʱζĶӪҺҲûв̫࣬Ǳѡ
Ϊʲô۸ر𣬸ӲΪʲôʼ׷ʳġ
һֱ죬룬ڿǻ֮лص֮㣬Լ֪ϵʱ룬ܾҲҲĸо
һڣԼһ⡣
ֻ𼦣ʵСʱҲԹЩΡϾǿǣЯһֻǣȳ⣬ôƺϸĿڸжη
ɽֻ֪𼦲óԣ̤˻𼦵Ĵڣ⼦ڹôܱζڣ
һֻһɵֱӴӽż⵽ǣ˶Ʈ
ʳ
ԭʳȻ
ˮƳ׾ˣ˶ˡ
ôóԵĸоζôﵽģ
ſӣֻȦˣⱲ״˶٣
Ķ죬һĶҲȻԼһţɳ棬ֵٶǰ㶼
һǼŵһˣ뵽еʱ򣬹һ᲻þ׽ɾ׽ôһ֮˲䱻ֿڸ᲻ʡ
һԼķˣԺԹ̺ٶʣǣڳԣʳϣԲκεˡ
ͷǳԡ
ЩԼιĲˣͷ
΢ƳһۣƵĿʼӣŶʡ
ʵϱӵ磬ֻʵ̫ʺ͡ħ
缸൱ħһںϡ֮һ𣬶ںܶʳ˵һֻҲǻ
ڹ˵Щʳ֮Գ֮ǰڵֲģɶͨ˵ЩŴħҲνġӡֲ൱ھ綾Ķҩ
̲ס̾ϢһҪǻһֻ¶ҪޣҲֻʦȫЩħʦֱá
ֲҩݹҲܴﵽ°빦Ч뵽ֻóԷˡ
ˮƿɲʲôõĿΪζѾ۷壬պ󼴱ΣҲûиõζˡ
һԵøɸɾһ֭û£Ӧ˵ҪΪڹ͹Сǰϣֻ޲ֱӽ붼һ顣
ˮƳһ棬涼㽺ҸУ֪Ϊɶһ¶ӣԼ˵״̬ƺ̫һˡ
ģ°΢̧ϴ롣
һոջҸõıʱֱôһ˲ͻȻãԼǵҸеƺˡ
У±ճˡ 
Ǯýܼලʲô˵ĺ棡
ˮƺһϼλñ飬άԼһؼҡ
ǰһٺ͹ȷǲǲҪ¡
һνׯ԰İһȼ䱨豸֮ͬ󣬻˽˹ͨѶϡ
߳£ϵͳԶԼϵ˽ͨѶ豸
һòϴ룬ʰȵϴʱģǹһ΢΢ЩǸųģģ
ϾǸĻͲϴ
ûǸϴ˴Сأ
˯ǰקһԼ̳ǣٿϼܵĵҩǲĳ򲻶ԣ
ôڻûȥ
һɫӵĿҲ׹ΪʲôʼҪִСϡ
ʮõһöӡ
һЦ˻ҩһǶĻҩ֮⣬ûбĶ
ңͼ黹дô⣬˵ͨˣǹһҲ
ǼҵũȻʱٵݼ٣ҿһũʰʳۼʮֿɹֻۣҪܴﵽ֮ǰˮƽʱũƷǾͿĺܺá
üһ˵ܵǲ̫ã
ҿǲϵͳ趨ˣ 
ûлɹҩ⣬Լĵҩȥ
ҩû⣬ȴȥǿ϶Լ̳ϵͳ趨⡣
һȻʳ֮⣬Ȼġ
ǣԼֻܴܹػҼװϸ飬һʮίķʽ˵ϵͳͶû⣬ܶߵ

һ˺Ľ䶯׷ҪЩˣãҩû⣬̳趨û⣬ǿ϶⡣
Ͼ඼쳣
һߣ˵ܵҲҪҪ


10

10
޴ķ֮ͷҪˡ
ƽǵһײ˹һ߲˵ˣһʱǼﺢҪԣΪһԱȻ˰ۣû˵ˡ
֮ҲʶľͲһ¡ӡˮƽһԣֱӾ;ˡ
ٷ֮ʮţ
Ʒ֮еľƷǶʳģƽȻô͵ĲԱҲûмƷʵ߲ˣؼǣȻõ߲ͨ˵İ۹ġ
߲Ʒʼֵ˽㶼ûгɣֱԽ50ļ۸ָԼڵĲ
ȻΪ˲©Լ롣
ƽһתֵĹֱӾ͵ôһʵõ㣬ȥǸʱ򣬸оǼֱһõɵĵˡ
ٿʱ۾̹ҡ
19%ĶʳģȻ˵ͨʳĶİ۳ۣӸԾû˵ͷеˡ
˻ŰҴĶŵǼҵ꣬͵¡ 
ɣûעⵢһ£Ȼһ΢һЩ
ƽ˶ʱͼˣıصǾԲø˷ˡһ ټ֣˶ˣ϶©š
һϼƣҲٶ飬
ҵѸٱû̳֮УԺ϶ûٽйǾлҵ԰ռˡ
˶ŵ̵ͬʱһһԼĲȻЩ̰Ĳ󡣱Ĳɹ䣬֪ߵغֱӾ͸ǩ˳ڳЭ顣
֮ŷж಻ףԴǲȶģһһԷͻȻ֣ˣأ
ôڣֻҪǴʵõˣ׵ĳУҲʶżߴٹһ
һߴ٣ʱͳ⣬ߵ̫ùһģֱӽˡ
ؼǣǽʱһ죬ԷȻûκμӪҵϼܲƷ˼ʱͻˡ
ڶ컹ҪͲء
ƽҲˣҪǸǩͬ ԷĲټϼܣǵΥԼ
뵽ǴʴʵΥԼҲˣϵܳȥʳġ
ʱ͵͵ȥʳĵҲС
ĸԼɶЩżǶû뵽һոյũϵȻͰͽ˸١
ǴЩ˼͵Щˣûü֣г˶ˡ
ֻҪҳ֣һߵˮƴž͸ץǡ
Ƕʱͼˡ
Ȼ˵ţҪѵһСӣҪúʰһǣŻһ£ʵʵġ
ɣһ棬Ҳǵĵȷȷ᲻ԼչµЩ߲ˡ
ôһũֻеһ֣ǵõ
ֻҪһЩõ㶼СӣǾ;ۡ
ԭӦȫһҵģȻСߡ
˭֪Ǹոе߲ˣȻֱ춢ˣ֣Ȼᱻץס
ôõ߲ѵȫҪԼ
Ҫ֪߲ǶǾݳƷҲʱЧԷǳǿġ
͵͵ Ҳô󶳿⡣
Щķŵʱ䳤һ㣬пܻỵ
ʱ򣬺ò״ĶȫΪ
Դϵ ϵ˺üѰۡ 
Ҳɣͷżһ߼һ߼Ȼʮֺʵײһ
ƽԭһ߲˹ȰѲӦȥġƷʲߣɣԭͲʲôʱеġҲ׼˲ûΪô
ԣ˵һôģ̲סĶˡԭ̰ơ
ʱĺ£ȻԸŹͺͶԷ˽ס
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Ҳ֪һ߲浽ûƷʱȽϺõġ
ɣҲƷʴﵽǸ׼ĿܼûУũϵĻôƷôõ߲ˣҲ䵽죬Ϊϵˡ
Ȼô룬뵽Ͳ˵ʱޣٶĲͱԹòʱѹȥ
еĲǴҴҿʼԣһ߲һŭЩôȻûкû
Ķڲժò淶ʵ߹вС⡣
ϻڱԹȴûκηӦŭҪڣ°ſţȴ춼ϲϡ
۾ԼйĲϣ㵵øûһ㶯ˡ
 23%
״ˣӲԼĲӣǿŤ룬Ҳһɬ˵23%
룬ͼԼøֱˣһһĽвԣ25%24%22%19%
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´ʱ˿̣ҲֻĴЦܱ˵ϲɫ
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ʦȦﶼʵģսġ
ǣʦͬʱҲȦֶ࣬Դġ
ڴϣҲǹʦ˽˿ⷿڻ˼ŵĹؼ
츳ߣƫƫԸԾܳʼˡ
ƽûµʱϲʦ鷿żĥżĥ󷨵ȵȵ
Ȼʵǿûа취Щǽȣ½ϣֵֻʵǲġ
ڶԸˣֱѹ
Χׯ԰˸ӻ
ڶһ磬һԼԼģҲûж룬ϴ˸֮Լһ˯ɣࡣ
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С̯ӡ
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ңһ۾ܿˮƺ͹ħ־ֻ࣬ɫܿЩһ㣬ȻĶЧˡ
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ǹԥ֮ľ
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ǣˮƵȷʮֹģũϵ϶Ҫһʱ䣬ˮƵİɻߵĸԶ
ң˺׼ԼԼδõôˮ򿪷ȻֱĪ
ȻԼմʱѾıʣɹǼٹ˽ĸԼһö
ۻڣǱ۵ĶҪڸкãؼǣˬ
ζ͸ˡ
һ߲֭ԼΪдϴ赤ζЧע⡣
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˵ǰûÿɹǱȽϵĹСġ
һȥѧУ·һֱͼǸӣɲ֪ӵʲôʣһֶҺˣҲ޶
ڼ䣬Сյ˹ͨѶ¼棬Ҫƻӣûķݶ
һղѣѧУֱͬѧЦ˼䣬
һؼңͼһ˫۶ˣմȥͱˡ
һ
ǸȵġƳһֿۣ״̬
΢е׷ġʳҡԼĳ׼һɲˡϾˣ㶼Ʒζõ
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һ¥ϣ͵¥¹Ķ뵽ǰԵĶÿˮҪˣŹոյİ죬ֲ־ò˼ǰ
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лҪ˵Ԫ䰡~
µһףλС㣬ǮĹģ~
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11

11
һ°΢΢̧̧żֽŴҴҴԼֱһǰûе飬ֱӽֱ䣬û¯ӣѾȲӡ
ζǻԼѰϸһǻ꣬ϺÿһϸһֱӰջøֲ嶫
Ҳ˲̲£ֱӽһֱӺȥ۾һӵɴԲ˼£ʣ㡭
ֻһ֭һҺ壬Ҳûв̫ĶôζȻһӴﵽļ¿ڸкζ
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ƽⰡ
ôŨ㣬㵽̶ֳˣ
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ٴʱԼѵĲƷζȻܵԵľ𶯡
Ĺʮܵѵá
ÿһ¼Ѷеȼ̶ȵģԼ趨ҲԶ趨𶯵ĵǼǣֻмȻֺԼɫ泱Ϯʱ򣬲Ż趨ġ
춯һ˶ʶĿ˹ѾҪȾˡ
ɣ˵ĹԶûзӦȾܵҲˡ
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һûзӦ¡
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ʵζǹŨģֻԺֻʣһζ
һŷӦȥѰζԴһڹŹǣ˿˿ưƮζ 
˶ˡ

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ˡ
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뵽ٸո˵Ǹʣֱһһ֮ǰȵţǸٷ罻Ϣ
ʶٵʱһЩ֪СǮʲôʮ򼸰Ĺѣϡġ
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ʱ˿̣߽͸ܵԼǰж裬ɶûУһȥֱ˲顣
еĶûκζӬ̫ܽеĶͷ˿еƬһ
ֱȻϿԭ;һĹһȻһһƨڵϣԼڡ͵Ϊһ顣
䣬׻û˼˵ġ
ĵͷ߳
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˵ܾܵȻתƻˣԼ̫嶯ˣСӦץסӦֱģڶû֤ˡ 
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ʱһߵĲٴ󼱣Ҹպһڰ
ҲŸոһڣҾֻһ£ǵʲôζʲôڸУʲôپñٵĺѶ˶ˣǸζôոֱ˵ֱӳôôֱץסС
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˶Щ£ץס׷ʣʶĻظһûɵ

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ɣʵ̫ڶݣݵ˸ûʲôԹĶԻ䡣
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Լֱӵ½Լ罻˺ţҴת֮ǰٵ͡
׷ʣڸոգ˭Ʒζˣûһλһ£н
ҲʾһתһϢͳЧϢõ㡣
ըˣũϵһԼũ ϵʳƷʦͬʱתļҲĹ棿
лҪ˵ѽ~ кѽ~QAQûԺù¶

12

kaoģǼֱոֿˣζأأʲô¼𣿡
һõ㣬İ
һȫûκϢ˺ţǵڶε½ֱܾһ·ǶǼҪµɣ
ȷʵΡ
в۲һõ㣬Ҳ˾¶Ծ·
Щô̫һϢ
˵ǿܲţҽǸֱˣ㣬㣬һִû㡣
ҲȥˣûгոʾҵȥûüƷͱֹʲôûг
ҾȻΨһһģ˵ģζ̫ˣ°ɡģҿûмʶʲôöɣҵ˵е֪棬ζƺѾˡ
ЩϢһĽһȫûš
ԽԽ˵٩˵ǿܲţҲˣԣζŨõ߲ˡ϶ǰٷ֮ʮڵ߲ˡ

ûйЩӺͿЦģͼĿƷˣһһϵһ飬ԼҲЩˡ
Ѳɣģ
ɣʲô⣬ʲôˣӦ͸ˮ
˵ΪʲôҪжֱ
Ӧ򿪰ɣĶԭͲͨƷһź
¶ɬ⻰Ҳе
Ǽʲ¢䷽õʳģȻʳѾǶĶ˵ͨ˶Ʒ
ֱѾļ 
ʵϣһһ۵ڹط֮󣬼ԼѾΪƬ΢
Ժ󵽵ֱܲؼֱ豸޺ã
ⶫĺܹ󰡣
Ҫǰ꣬㻨Ǯ࣬Ҳ᲻
㵽ʲôȻһĳ˸Ƭ
һҪֲңϾ֮ǰ˵˶ڳԵġ
Ƭռֻܵʲôʱ㹻õ֮ȥµˡ
̲ס̾ũĲ˶͵ò࣬һЩɢɢģҲ˶õˡ
һҹȥũͳһʣ߲˰ɣŻᣬȥ˵ܹѧѡ
һԼѧǣ֮ǰĳɼʵ̫ѧУûٶҪһʵõ㣬У
һ֮ǰŬԺ󹮷Ҫʲôøʲô񣬹һʱ俴ù֮ǰԤԿģ츳Բֹôࡣ
ãӦú뿼һѧǸ˿ɣ
뵽һֻԽж
֪һ뷨϶ʮĸûУûУ㶼뷨
ǵҩʳóԣΪʲôҪȥѧϰһЩԼȤĶ 
һֻ˵ҪȥͳũĶҡҡͷż
ˮƺǵľֵˣԼ˶ʶǱӣܿͽָ䳤µһɹ϶ע⡣
Ҫúʰһأż
ŪԼϵĹ̳ǣٰҿôŻǲԣ
һ
һ̲סͷۣôûзЩɫҩӣ
޲Ʒ죬ֱӿʮõĸ߼ۣôܻ
һⶼûУЩɫҩӺ͹
ǣŹһ񣬹һ˵ܾ⻰Ҫ˵òãµó⡣ 
ǿԽҪȷʳġ
Ȼһ̬ȺѾʮί񣬵ǣı鱩¶һЩһԼĹԣ׼޸߹뿪
Щʲô߲ʲôΪʦԲܶԼϱ
ıְ
ôΪôһõ
ҪߣʲôŪһСɫɣʹһʲô
һһ£漴飬 ⣬а
ⲻУ΢ֱ豸У˵͵͵ôЩ
Ӧһ͵͵ȥ̳С
һ״¹֮ǰĶʲôϽ͵
˵Ϲһڹһ˵ֻʲôСɶڹ˵ʲôʯ 
ȻĶ࣬ǳǣʯ
ֻҪдѵʯûл뵽㼤ˡ
Ǵ̳ǣ֮󣬹һˡ
󣬰󣬾ް
ͺŵУٶԱһ¼۸̺

ûôһξԼ
ʦ
еְҵԵûĸŵеڸУеڵԵá
ɽ磬Ȼƶ
Լ̬е
ĥһ£ţ͵͵ĴӴȥѡ˲ٵֱ߲ȥ¯ˮ֪Ҳܱ˷쳣
¯ѽ
ȻⲻΪõ㣡ֻǲùһΪϾʯô
ң¯ģ˴죬淭һҩӣţֻΪֲҩģ˳ֲЩ߲ˣһμҵ
Щ߲óȥˣõ㣬ҲֻΪ棬Ϊ֣ΪҪˣΪ
ˮֲ֪ܣȫԼöϴ赤̶ȡ
ڶһ磬ʱԼŵһȳζۼ˲ٵħ
˶ӣ˹һķ䣬ü˰벽һһڸʲô
Լǹе󣬵ǻǱߵĹһ漴ĲǹһĻظһС
漴ǹһıŭֶʲô

ò˵ӣֱӳ˸ࡣ
һСӱ˵ܴܵ밤ˣ
Ǻһѣ˵ѷŪôģ׼˵
ȥѾˮŽȥһ۾Ϳϣںڵա
ħŨŨȳζ
Լ뵽˵ʲô
̫СһôɳԼھۼ־ħˣ
ǣһͱȽСңʵǿؼǣǱ߲֭ȵĲˮƶ࡭
һѾˮǱ߿Ѿ
ԼġǷ֮Ҫ¶ˣ
ʱˮǱĲ̫룬òϢһ죬ԭŵϾδϽڱ۸ؼǣôóԣ̫á
ɵϣϵӿ
еһͻƣƺֲ
ָо֮еģԾľô˯ˡ
ڶʱоеأΨһԶľǱǿףһһϢ֮䣬Ǽŵζ
ˮƺ޲ŻþԼһµĶˮƲֱ塣
ȻԼǰһУˡ
лҪ˵~ˡ

ྐྵҵҩĶˣ


13

ķ䣬ûбոԼĿ˵Ĵ̡
ƷǶĵ£֬ճĶ
˶ԼļԼСķȶģһ̣ˮƾǹȳ·ˣԼôֱѬιȥ
ˡ
˶ˡ
ճЩ󲽳ԡңˮͷ򿪣ӷĽԼ׵
֪Լĵ˶೤ʱ䣬ֻ֪ⱲΨһһȥֳٵ
жܷӽд֤ȻȡССһ㣬˾ֵ֤ƣ˰м⣬һλصԼĹԢʼȡϢϵ
ΧûκεϢ쳣Ҳûȥ䡣
ˮƵüͷţԼͨѶˣҴҸϻȥһ㿪𣿡
ͼܶȣȵķӡģŪģ˭ôģȻⶫŨȻܱԣֻǼ򵥽ӴҲû̫ΣҲ̫˰ɣ
ˮƲ֪Ϊɶôһ˲ʶЩͲ˼
ˮ㶣ʶĲǶЩǲ˼
ʵѾĬЩԼġɤе㲻̫ˮɬԱȶԻ𣿡
ԡʮĻݣӦĳ߻ĲҿЩɷЩ񣬿Щһ
ˮɫ΢΢˱䣬ɲһôʻ㣬еšɣ漴뵽Լûκιڡ֢״
ˮüͷýģҴһصֵ֤ƣǰεͷݸԷ
λ֤Ƶͬ¼ûʲôûע⣬ˮ̲֮סĽ״̬Ҳ̫˰ɣʲôģƤá
ˮһ㶣ϹڴæҴʰʱ򣬾Ȼվӡ
Ťͷĳһĳеķ棬Լ͸죬Ƥϸ壬ģҲ̫õЧ˰ɣ
ƺҲûʲôı
ңҲûʲôõʲô
ȶԳɹˣƥ䣬ǶҲ̫˰ɣҰѶԱݷˣӦ֪˭ɣ
ˮƸˡ
Աߵ˼㶣ȥһ£ˮƼǴ͵Ḷ́Լٶ˹ȥ
Ǹͬһ£ٶȺÿ죬ͻ4𣿡
ˮƸˣͻļ
ڲŷ֣ԼٶȺܿ죬ɣܺͱĸоûˡ
ѵΪͻˣ
ɣ֮ǰѧУҲû˵ͻƾȻЧ
̲סҴȥԣȥһ¡
Ů̲סһ䣬츳ùȻһ弶ϿԽ߼߼ֿԻص۶˰ɣĽ
پƯȻƤ״̬ôãˮˮôġ
һֱ֮ˮƻ±״̬
ԼԾ˵ﲻԣôͻƵģ˯һ
˯һͻƣֱǡ
Σʵ
ؼǡˮžӣžԼ⼡״ֱ̬ͱЩÿ컨ʮõ˶Ҫáѵͻƻݣûû˵Ҳ֪ΪɶͻȻ뵽Ǳ߲֭Լǰ棬ȫһ͸ܵ档
ƺҲһЩ۹ֻû̫࣬ûз֣
˵ȻʳǿݵģѲɣΪЩȻʳģ
ŮʲôʱʲôͶԲı䡣
ˡһʱ֮䣬ˮͻƵ¶ˣһĶֻǵñ¡
ʱֵŮӶˮưΧˣ׷ʣʲôƷ
ˮԼһ±ƣֻԼи²⣬ֻܻظһѵĲԣûȫͣҵʡ
ʣң
ҲҪĻƷֻҪЧãõ㶼⣬Ҳ̶ܵȣֻҪã
ˮƣ
ĿƵĿԼҾֻܾܱŮͬ³ˡ
ҴͬµĽûʲôʲôչָϽȥҹ
һ۾Ϳ˹һҲһȵԶһŭߣΪ˵ҾͿԭΣ
㡭Ǹʲôݷ
ˮƳʡ
һ˲ݣʲô
ϴ赤õģʵģǣ츳ĵҩݷʲô 
ɣôһ˵ҲûëϾų֮󣬷Ȼúܶ࣡
ǣüͷ˸ʦƵϴ赤ֻʲôֱǶʦ裡
ˮƿʱ򣬹ͱӻٵֱӳϣԣ
ϻŸɬѵЦЧܺðɣ
лҪ˵֪ˣ
һԤ

14


˵ϴ赤˵ЧЧ
ͨոպ͹һ˵ĶԻ֪ĻԼħжˣЩж 
̳ң޷鿴ģĴȥû⣬ǣͨˮƵ˵ȥǾͲһˣ
˵ᱻ֣Ȼ󡭡ᱻƬ۲
ԼʵЩ̫ʺ̫籩¶
ʦϴ赤ݵãڱǰ£ʦӦǿ΢ίһµġ
õ˿϶Ĵ𰸣ˮƶʱһһεͻƺûйϵֿܣˮƸ룬Ҳ벻ȥ
һһ˲뷴͸ܵһ񣬶ʱˡ
˿ˮƴʱ״̬뵽Լһ˵磬ԷķӦʱ֪ˮƿҲ˺һ
ԣ
ոպ˵ģĴϴ赤ĿһöɫҩӣͿڵġӡ
ĲԸţῴѾˮƣƺֻš
뵽ܣʱ졣
ϣˮǺܺãɣʵ̫𺳡ţ±š
ֻʱʶѡȥŹȥ
ˮƵõ˿϶Ĵ ʱϲ ݵĲƷ
Ҫظ
ôæ ûʱ Ļʱȥʲôݵ
ˮƾѾһ˵õ㿪
ͷ˿Ѿ׻ٵ԰ӣ񹮷ӦǱȽѵġھЩЩʱˣɣ˫ԸԸ¹ġ
ҿһ¡õ֣뵽ʯɳܵĳˡ
ˮҲЩŶûŮӿԾܾˮơ
ͬ¶˵ˣ㿪ֻۣҪЧЧôá
ʶһ¿ˮõ㰡
õǸö
ɿȻҪԼΪʦһĵߡ
ˮ˵ǳߣʵǿҲвõ㣬ġ
ΪġӡӰ죬Ҳǿ֮ȾĴڣǵƤ״̫ãңƷЧޡ
ĿǰԺЧһ㣬۸Ҳɾˡ
ĲƷԴﵽЧˮԼ̲סľˡ
ǡΪ𣿡ˮ˵ָϽ䣬ΪѣҲûйϵ
ȻøʲôȥҲܸõȥҲԲܸʯȥ
ݵҩô СҲⰡ
˵ո뵤ڵʱŵģиոЩʦǲϲо
£ôΪЧĲۣͬǱأ
ԣҲЦû⣬ֻǣƷҪһʱ䣬õƷ
һ

Ʒ
һۣڲ֪ʯõ֮ĹϵʱȻûִ뷲˵Ļư֮
ɣȻ֪õ֮󡭡
ɶΪ
ˮƣû⡣
׼ã͸ãǣ϶ûõЧôáϾֻݲƷ
ˮƶʱˣǲ˷ˡ
棡Це
ˮҲ΢΢һϾôףȻѹԣ϶ҪģЧĻƷԲŮ˾ܾġ
۾΢΢õ㣬ʯˣ
˵Ͷ˹һˮƣط䣬Ҫ
һˣûиףϽ׷ȥ ˮƶˡ
ˮƿĿɨʱʶһ¿ˮĲʱ򰡡
ԣˮԼԴôô룿
ЩȻʳֵ˸ߣôܵǹģ˵ʮֲṩˡ
Ȼû˵ĵ뵽Լռ˹ôˣ̲סЩ˼Ȼڶûץס˵İѱ
üͷ壬øϽ£ãٺͬ˵˵
뵽̲סԼ˿ǵļһϸ壬ļڣЩԼΡ
ȻӵôƤˣ
һżѵ׷ϹȴһۿǸͿŵĶǸôƯڹǰ
һ
һ𾪵ĿŹ⣬ⲻǸ𣿡
һһþԼⱲеǿܿײ
Źսջȥ᲻صһ£һ
оԼֵۣۣ۱߸ˡ
ոո˵ġ
㲻Ҫͱ˵Ŷոյ£ҾãӦǻǱȽϡӣһô죿
һ͵͵ʿˮԼеܵš


15


ϴ赤 Сʶֶ˶٣Ҳģ
Ŀ㲻Ѿᵽ𣿡
ϴ赤ֶȻԽСʹЧԽã츳Ҳܸͨ͸ 
һ츳ͱȽϺãСϴ赤ԼӦþʮֲһ顣
ˮơһ㶵ģˮΪʲôͱһݡ˵˹ȥ
°ͣԺﻹĥһ⻰ˮƸպͻƣʵı䣬ңΪûСϴ赤û롣
СҲ֪ûԣ㵽״Ūģ
һԲᱻش⣬̲סʣͻȻͻƣ㡭
ʶ࣬츳Ȼͻơü ûз
ˮƣֻܱ˵ݵٲ͹Сúҫһʦĵҩ϶ġ
һ
Ȼ˵ĺ ţɣôţôܾù˵þȻЩ
Ĵֶһʡ
ԼʵСҩһһſʹΣ۸߰Ը츳ȼ
һڳǰ֮ǰһΡ
һΡ
弶ٿһΡ
ǣЩļ۸߰զ࣬ûжвԹ
⣬һ⣬вȷеݱʹáҩøʡ
ɣҲûйʵݡ
ؼǣѹԽԽ£ʵѾüޡ
֪Ϊҩ츳ʵͬʱܻɡķԣҲֹоԼҩʹá
Ķûָãֿԣǻôĺ䶯
ôܡ
ʦҵıһûж٣ôۣ۵ġݵı鶼ǲмͲ
һ̣ȻЩССԺ
ôֵߵĶֻø
ͻȻӦƽ㣿
°΢̧ɽƣ
˵ʵʺħ̫ȾƤ״̬̫ãԽԽ״Խ
һһ̭ôֻ꣬٣ʵǺܲġ
ǸɴֱŶεĵ
Ҳʶǽоȼֻʵǿ⿿츳ңܵħʴ
ĿȽ϶ܻ࣬и˾ɣ
뵽ȻЩͬķˡ
Ŷεӽ쿪ʼŶյ
ĵǾǡݵ
ټЩ࣬þͲˡ
˳ĽһϳȥҪչ׬õҡ
һ±ƱƳȥĹһһ⣬ʦôѧЩ
Ѿϵķţһ
ʾ֭ĥɣ֮ǰϵһֱ̫ãƽǻ˵˵ճЩˣ˵ʲôֻǰʲôʦ
һĥһ⣬˵νġϴ赤 ̳ϳ۵Ǹ˵ǿԾƲزҪ˷ѵġ˵ǲҲģ
һԣһֱǹ⣬Ҳǹɵ̫
̲סЩ᲻ĳЩ˶ϣ
ԣһ߲˵ȫڰٷ֮ʮĴȣǱߡ
̲סüͷҴȥԼĹׯ԰İͷ ȥϵԼڵ۶ϵĺѡ
ʱ˴Ҳû뵽ȥ߲˾Ȼԡ
͵֮󣬾תˣΪ֪ˮվڹǱߣ϶취ǣԺھûнӴЩ߲ˡ
ҵѣȻҲû飬ֱת˳ȥ
ֻյ˶רĳ˲֪ЩôͬѰ
ңѾʼʼȥ׷ˡ
һ۱衱ҡǮǿɲľô
ʼղ£ңԷ϶ҲѾ֪򵥣ټҪӸ߼ת֣Ҳ
õİ취Ȼǰǿ顰ءԼУһֻǿҲ㹻һӵĿˡ
뵽˵۾Щˡ
˴Ǯһ׷ʣջҵ˵ͷϡ
ɣ˵һһûκεׯ԰ʳ˶ʱ⡣
ʱҲĥ


16


һһԭʳģΪ⣬ֻܵͼת֣Ȼһõ ǻǾÿ
ңûǸׯ԰ǷҲû¿ׯ԰Ѿݳ˺ܶ ѾǸׯ԰Լ񱻹ҪЮׯ԰ûȥôġ
ɫÿǾôʮ꣬ƾʲô
Ȼ˹ĸǵ׸ôĺôֻs֪Բܾô˹һǡ
¿϶ܾôˡĸȻҲģһׯ԰ǵȼߣҲ㹻ǹøԣһӡ
ʧׯ԰Ӷģס˴ӣθģֻϾС棿
˵ϴεЧôûȥ̽̽
Уδǰ;Զ󣬿Ҫϵ۶ѧ ðա˵һҪ۶ӵв Ҳô
˰죬ׯ԰ôǽЩǸŮš
ֿȥǸ죬취ȥׯ԰ʲô취Ϊׯ԰Ϥ£¹ܸ豸Ҳ̫ܡ
ң֪ѾҪδ겹ˡôôõȥװʩ
˻û꣬ͱײˡ
һǹָĸЦе ĺ£ôǣһȥ
ĸͬʱ
˶һۣҪͼ˺ͱݸ߸˶ʱ͵Ĳ˿ɻǰתֳȥġ
ĸɫѿˣʲô
ʲôǾҲżǺò¡ƽȻԽ߲ȥ ǣǲֲ
İǸ۱衱Ūֻ»ϣѰˣֶһδ֪ȷԪأɴǰ
ңһûκεׯ԰ʳľ˶ʱ⡣
ĸôܳϣɵԷ˵ʳľȻǶʳ֮󣬶ʱͺ۾
ɲ֪˵ġҩ˵ġʳ˵ׯ԰
֪Ҳûʲô̫ĵģ˵߶Էׯ԰߲ܲ˲Ϊǡ۱衱ǡҡǮ
Ŭֲҩģ¯󷽲ѵꡣ
ѡĵŶεһΪʣȻһΪֻЩҩġ
ʵǱȽ׾ݣЩʲôҩҩ֮ģʱ۸ס
ûõ㣬Ҳ
¯ѾѹֲˣôܻںֲЩͶ˵ҩģѾѹ£ûиоˡ
һЩеҩģһһЩҩһһáƿװ
һ
װǵİɣ

ѾѰװ˺ˡ
һ
һƿӲ𿪣ţһ˿˿ˮ㣬ֻһЩҩĵ㡣
̲סǳ鴤
ҲŵǸǹ㣬ʮӰҩЧģ
ȻЩ׾ݣ̫õ㹺ƿһֱĵʦ
һʵɵҩӱЧ
̲סĵҪЩĶǾ졣
ҲӰҩЧķӡһ˵һ߸ˮƷϢȡ
һ˵ҩЧķ˵ǣҩʲô⣬˼ǵľ ⲻײǹ
ңЩҩӣĲƿװôôɣ
Ȱһ̧۾Ϳˮƽ
һЩˮƾҸûߣֻǴҹѾ⸽ˡ
ԼġƿӴӹһСݸˮơ
רյġ
ǲά͸һԡ
ˮ˿ЩªŮΪһǲƽϺġ
ǣˮƱѾԣЧǷһҪ͸ģ˶ҪҸðˡ
ٴѵģÿһҪͬʱãһƳ̣ͿԿЧˡ
ЩԶϴ赤ǣЧͨˣǱȾ˵ЧʮԵġ
Ҫǵģһ̫һһǸĲѵӣӰڱ
֮ǰõЧûа취ȣǣ͹Сõģûа취
ˮ죬ǸոճӤһÿױϾ͸ݹƤԽԽõơ
ԹֱѾε˼㡣
ƿӿʵЩޡӣҲûκγɡ
۸أˮʣ ЩǸͬǴģģ۸񲻳⡣
ƳһǸƿӣҩƵģʵ˶Ǯ
֡ŶϵƽʵǿϵģⲻǵҪʯ
˶٣ʮһ԰ɣһƿѡ
ŵʦ˵ҪöԷͷźÿ߼ۡ
ˮһ㶣òã㿴ѾǻˡңΪòĲȱǮ
ҡͷЩЧȽõĲһңи˰Ҵ棬Ǹá
Ҫеá
ԼǺҵͷԵģϾҪеˣǿֱһźá
ңҲȫѣЩֻ죬ţЧһǼѣҲ֪۶ٱȽϺʣõЧҲöԷ㹻ߵļ۸
ʮ㣬ԱߵĹһ̲סľܾԼʱᾯȥȲ衣


17

˹˵ĻˮӦȴҲ¶˾ģһҪѺúչҪ취õҪȥģһȥ
ԴҲûа㻳ɣϾĵҩӦô ˳Ƹ˵ڶƿӣڶƿӣҲ֪ҪƤʵ˯ 
ǰ񵤣һһҲЧ
Ļָʧ⡣
һû˵꣬һѽקȥһ֣Ѿѹ͵ˣ㣬»ü
һǰ׵ġ
»üһ£ͳ˹ԣŷ֣繮룬ǵľܵʴԽԽܵӰ졣
ԣϾһֶ»ü
ʲôУӦɣõʹࡣ 
ǣֶģмǿʹõԽ࣬ԽɡⶫΥƷ
һۣҵĶôôlowġ
lowҲոմѧʴʶ
֪֡»üӦþǻħۼҩɵģԡħþξǼԼűʴ
רȥħģһ
빮һķӦͬˮƵ۾Ǹˣһ˫Ź𣿡
̧̧°ͣһȻȻշѣһǧõ㡭
üۣ뵽һ߲˵ĶۣԼеĶۣ۸ʵǷǳģ
һ̲סĳ鴤һ£ôƶСǧõ㣬ٵϣĲҪ˰ɣ
һƳ̣õ㣬ǸΣֻЧͻʱЧ
˵ֻüۣ⻹۸Ѳɣʱ򣬻Ҫ
ΪˮҪ²ۣ˭֪ˮƶû˵ֱת˸˹һõ㣬ҵǷݣʣµǲ֣֮Ҿ͸תˡ
ˮƸҪԼ֮ǰԵǸݡõĵҩõǣ֪Ŀǰܸ̫١һԸ
۾΢һ¾Ȼͽ⻹ǵҩĲдƷǣϹԼҪֳȣá
һ˵ʲôѻҪŪôˮѾһöҴҼݳ뿪
ûüˮƳԸ緹
̲סЩϧ
һ΢΢ɣһ¡
ҪŹģǲô
û϶
߽緹ձ+˿ɣ
һʱһ¿ˮոҪڵȰлȫ˻ȥ
ˣҪȰˣҲģĳ£﹮һˡ
ңѾͳȥѾȥˣھ˵ٶ࣬Ҳûʲôôˡ
罫עڳ档
Ǹ̫ˣһʲôζζ¡
Ȼձʲô֪ǣţζӦò̫󡣷Ȼĵطɣڡʳ棬Ĳ̫ˣΪ㰡
ˮƿɲ֪Լôһ緹ϾϵľϲѾ㹻ˣü۽ǶЦ⡣
кϵŮԶΣһˮƣǼֱ޲ֱˡ
ˮó裬ǰˣȻͦɣպʮˣһԡ
ѣⲻðɣ˶ʱˡ
ˮЧ˵붼룬ĺöֱӰãȷʵе㲻̫˼
ˮüЦⶼˣϴŵڶڲסĵ⣬λ˵ˣЧɲ֮ܺǰõȣҼЧ죬죬ҪǾЧãʱٸõҲԡ
ǷģǶԼĶ㹻š
ʮ˶û˵ֱˡ
ˮǰֱǸ޴ɹ档
ֻҪЧôܲĶ
ûЧãɣֻҪЧа
ǸŮˣûĶ
˱Ǽ΢ôζЩϤ
ġ
ȴѾܲ˵ĳˣĵģһֲĿɬЩġ
ˮˮҾ״̬ǰˡ̲ס
ˮһ˪ƿӸǿ˵άõģֻһƿһʱ䣬ʱ˵
ˣۺ졣
ˮͳ˸ƿӣ˽ﵥԼϵõǸ㲻ǻһֱʧߣʧߵģҪҪһԣ
۾΢Ҫ
ԼǷߣͬʱ;߷Ĳš
ΪǽӴġӡȾġ
ٺõķͷ֣ʵûа취ٷְٵĸ룬ճǵ״̫á
Ķϲģ
ˮʶľ̫Ӧ˵ЧôٸһƳ̵ġ
ԼǾεģ˵ͽ˹ȥһЩ㶣ûô
һģһƿӣԼͬζͬ΢ɫҩӡ
ˮƣ
ʿ϶ǲһģ                        
лҪ˵ûô
һӵߣԲˣҲǷĴ

18

ȻˮҲ֪ΪʲôĶ һӣǣ񣬹ĶİǶԵģǺõģ
Բܷ
ſ˭Լĺء
ʮϤְ벻ʲôζҲûɶɣһˣҴˣҽ컹æţˡ
Ч£˵
ʵʱû̫ڴˣϾ⼸ѾͨҪıܹıġ
оÿ궼ص飬оɣӡѾǧ꣬а취ƣҲڷչ죬ȻʳĶûа취ʳá͡ԽԽ࣬䶼ữ
ûס̾һ
ˮȥѰǼұԵ£˭֪ȻЩ찲ԶǴȥ˵󴥷
ˮüһЩ̫ԣôôɺϣһȥ
ˮƴȥһңĸɫǺܺÿǶżε˵ֻǲС˶ѡ
ԶԶԣģûʲô¡
ˮƿ˵̬ܾòǺܶԾ
û֤ݣûа취Ѳ 㶯ֽ˴ߣֻ뿪һһֱǵģòҪǷʲôԾĵط
ĸɫѿˡ
û뵽СӾȻĽŮôǡ
ǵʲôûУǻҪ˼ȥ𣿡
һֲµĶǾһǮѵ֪Щ߲˵׶õ𣿡
ڰٷ֮ʮ߹üֵõ㣿ĸ˺̲סһ¡
Щõȣ֮ǰõģֱǾţһëࡣ뵽ĸûסĿʵ֮ǰЩ
Ҳŭĺܡ
ֵˣԷ˵ˣѰ۸ģֻʣһЩ߲ˣǾòԾȥ 
ĸȻǲţɣ˲ϣҲûа취ֻܰգڡ
ɣҲòԾЩ߲˶һģÿʱÿ̶Ƥӵ¡
ÿǶڳһ߲ˣҲÿгٷֱȣɴûз쳣
˶һۣû˵
вٵطбڣҲټЩ˵ֽׯ԰ûҲ϶Ƿµġ
ĻľƷǼٵģǶԿ
ֻǣˮƶߣǾͲȥׯ԰ҡ
ҲЩôׯ԰׻ֲ֣
һҲЩ꣬ڶγֵõ㻹һЩҲ̫ˡ϶ֲ˶ãһЩׯ԰ÿһ䣬ͦģǵòߵЩ߲Ҳٵˡ
ѡһЩֲûа취ϳСײ˺׷Լһ˵ǽС⡱һ㽫ͷȥˡ
Сײ˵ȫе׷ҲǣԹôε׷ûʲôʱܾ׷Ȼġ
⡣
һòϣ⼸ʱ䣬Ѿ׵߸ʳ֪
С󣬹һҲ˲⡣
߽׵Щ˵мôģǣСڹһļﶼǶģȳĴ
ÿһۿŹһʳԲЩСԵʳ
ɴһ˫ۡ
һ⣬Сײģ
Ѿũũ߲˶ٵˣϵۣĶǣϵ˺͵ס
һŹ
Ƴһۣץӣԣ
һۼֿסҵ֣ԳԳԳԳԳԳԡ
ջ֣Ҳ֪ļЧôԸԸ
ûдʯҲûд桰
ߵǣҲûõʵ죬ֻǵڶ죬ʮѾˮưΧˣһ˫ۼֱ̽յһõ㣡ھת㣡ҪһƳ̵ģ
ңҲҪ㿴ҵǲǰˣϸˡ
ҿΪЧĻ ˣ㿴ҵİߣˣۿɼĵߣ
ţȻЧҪʮƳ̵ģ
ϴ˺öණңˣֳֶģٿƤ״̬
໣ҲҪʣµģڣ̣ϡ
컹ûأЧҲǺ԰ˮƿʮˣֱµġ
ҲĹͷɣ
ֻǵЧĲǺͻϸ仯ѽ
ո߸Ǹʱˣϸ㿴ߵƬ⻹Ҹ˵˶˺ö࣬Ƥְϸ⻬
ǣѾ֪ˣ㲻֪ϵİĥҶ೤ʱ 
أ㿴ⶼȥ֥ëף£
Ů˵ſڵûǿֲܶˡǣҪϵƤıκһ㣡ǾԷ֣
ˮƣԲܷϲģŴ ޷һġ
ֻмһקˮƣҪǸʧߵģ
ʧߣʲôʧߵģŸҲһ𾪵Ŀˮƣ·ˮʲôˡ顣


19

ָԼɫ֮ǼûУһҹߣûجΣûͷۣûʧߣҶţڣҶûЩѹ֣񾭵ĸо
ʵΪһǰμӵһܵȾ˵ʱ֮еλܸ˿һµʱ䣬ΪȾ˾
ΪıȽԶȻ״̬ãٻǺúûŵġ
ҲΪ£ڣũϵѹ̫þڵĹ
ϣһʱΨһһ˯úã˯İȵʱ򣬶ңͷۣԼ˾ĥĲڶɢˡ
 ⲻ»ü֤Ƶ˳һ£Ͼ˵ּδš»üƺûʲôԴﵽЧ»üҲֻһʱѽ
ֱӽԼϵһ֤˳ĵһ¾ȥ⣬Ҿ״̬⣬ڵġӡû
֤зչõƣ
һ˲䣬ʮյ̽յһӿˮơ
ˮƣ
ҲЩ£Щ㶡
ǣʶĽֺͣһۣǧõһöһƳ̣ܸܵЧ
Ѿתȥˡ
ʮڴʱ˿һģһ飬˵Ҳͬ
ˮƣԼЩʵ
ǲǰҲ̫õְɣ̣
ֿ
ˮҧԼ⣬ǿԼͣЦһ֡ҵ˼ǣʱ֡
û¶л֮һʱǾͺã
ĥ˼ʹ֮˻ûмôأҲûûһɵġ
õ˯ߣԼǵ״̬ȷݣ˵ЧӱˮƵ
ʮԭѾԽˡ
ˮֻ޲ֱˣˮƲһ䣬ȲҪ˵֪ûһĻء
ң۸񡣡˵ˮ̲ס˼ԺǹŴ
ԭѾȥҫˣ˲죬ȻҫҪǣԼҪ
ֻһƳ̣˵Ҫʹòܹйأ
˵˭٣
Ҫȥˣǵÿʲôӡ
һץŹһĻһһһŵڲ
ļŮҲһ
ˮҲйʶģЧֱھ Ҳ֪ʲô뷨Ȼǽһûж˵Ҫ󣬻˵ġ
ôˮƻûסϾȥҵ˹һ˷ܵĽõתЧǳǳãʮˣƷȫ
Ա߹һ
ȫȥˣʮˣ
ѵƭľȻǾֵ𣿲Ӧ˵Ů˵˰ô
һ۾ͿǸ񣬶ʱûʲôҵ顭ҵЧǷǳõġ
ԣֻһ죬ѾЧˣ˵ļ״̬һΣȫˣۿɼı仯
һ̲סȥûʲô
ˮѾʣµ衭
ԼϵĽһ˫۶ŽӲӵĹˡɲΪ˷׵ǮƶǸоԼԲôĵġ
ŬԼϵıԵ΢һ㣬ɣպãһĳꡣ
ˮһϲɫ뵽ʲôʵЧάĻҪһֱ𣿡
ҡͷͣ״̬ǣŶ裬Ŷ ҵ˼ɣ
ˮһ£˲뵽ԼǸ ǳ˳Լͬ˵Ļ
ԶԶԣס
ͷŶǾͼԡ
뵽ճ״̬ҲЩͬң裬һֱԣҲóô࣬ǰ״̬תû󣬿Իһ
һקһѣɿһ㣬ŵ㣬ⶼǾ졣
ɲƭҪһСģɶֱӽȥ
õҪǣҲǳϿɹ
׬õҪ˵ҲԿһֲ
ϾЩ߲ˣϹļ۸ĺܿɹˡ
˳ƵĳԣֱֱǮ
ÿõ㡭
°΢̧ɲ˵ģԼԸֲǿȡ
򣡡ˮҪõ㲻ֻ޲ýԼⱲҪĶؼš
ű˵ܴܵݵĵûС
һеۣܾǲʲôЩ˶ϴˡ


20

20
ɲܹСôֱ֪࣬ͨˮƣУȡ
ˮ׷ʣǡҪ򣿡
ҪӦСڱһ¡

ѵҲͻر𣿺֣ע⣿
ҪҪˣɴʲôˣ
üۣһקǲ˵Ļᡣ

Ѿûлˡ
ǲǸɴԵҪʯҪˣ
ŭɹһȻ˵Ӧõ͵ⱻƬɣʲôӦиȰɣ
ʯ򲻵ȥˣ͵ʲô
ˮƵҲףʮѣǾֵˣҶ˵ˣʱҪ
ۣҲ飬ǻͨҲбϡ
ˮ΢΢˶٣˵Լ˵Ļ һ裬ЧҲĺ㡣
֮󣬶ʱӦԣҿ԰Ѽ۸һ㣿
۾΢ĿŹһˮơ
ˮ/һ
صѵǹʵ̫ͻܻ˵ۺΣ
һǳ鴤ллƽ㣬һʼǷʱǰ˵鷳ˡ
һ۹ֿһһԹͨˮ˿á
ˮˣҪȥ˳㽫Լ̳ö˵ļ۸ֱᵽʮõ㡣
ƵһöƷĵεҪֵһõ㣬ôίʦ˼ҵġŲֵֻʮõ㣿
һĻĹһ
ԣȻϴԣɣɲ̫ʹ
¹ʣҩΪʲôûȥϽǰһתƻ⣬ׯ԰ֲ𣿡
һ硣
ֵȻҪֵģܲһֱЩͨʳĶֲ¯棬ÿ챻¯Ҳ۵ġ
ңĺܹ󣬺ܹ
׬õ²ͣЪͼҩҲվ涼ֲϣܵͨ͵߹ҲǡܷͬһֲȻõ벻࣬ɣҲܷ¡
Ҫֲ͵ų̀Ļˣոյʮõûˡ
ʣµǵõ㣬̲ס̫̾ˣ̫ˣõôô
ĥţһĵҩøˮǣƿǡ
ȻвٵʺħֻҪħȥǿڸлǲģϲ̵ĳǣһνװٽıֿҩװȥ
һţ
ĪЩЩŮ٣˼ʮõ㣬Ȼ᲻רŹһרŵ 
Ųô࣬ˢˢĻʮõ㣬ñܵܵȻ˻Ϳʼأ˳㹺ӡ
Ϊֲֲ̳ǵļ۸ʵߣ٣ͨ˻ǿ 
繮
ǼʵĻģżʮֻżһߵһʶƣַ߳вʶ
ĻȴֱӷоƬԼֵܳнǰԤ衣ַΪԴάֲ
Żͷģ𿪿ɣٿͷϵõ㣬̾һ
һһ޳ӺħٵŽֲ
һŵĹ˵Щֲź£ֲֻ᲻޷ѿֹֻ߳ϣ
һξۼƣһιһ˾飬ŹûκζҲûгɡ
ͷҾ˵ĺеҪֲֶ
һҾû˲ͦõģ
ĵͷҲôΪ
һΣ֪ǲΪ˵ġϴ衱ãһԼҲԼ̫Ծĵط
ԼԸ֮ܵоۼЩƺǲһġ
Ȼﲻһʵ̫ȷĸܵ
һֻܣЩƣЩˮǺõģҪӴġ
˿ƮһʪڹһƤӵ£ôЩӷѿ̵Сһöһöð
һеۡ
Ȼе㲻̫ѧɴֱϵˣԼһϹ࿪ʼѾǲѧ˰ɣ
ЩˮϣƤϣͨЩˮĴʹѹڵõת
һԼɫˡ
һ꣬ҲûģҲ
ֻеԸֹӣڵڵʱŵʦʦ㾭ҸϡʳĵͬʱҲѰӡ
ׯ԰ûֲˮģ̳ϵˮ۸񣬹еη̲ס̾һ׬Ǯ̫ˣõ̫ˡ
ոĿƿСҩӻʮõ㣬ת˲ɸɾĹһ
лҪ˵ӦvʱͼӸ

21

22
21
һũϵʱ򣬻¹ģΣ϶չ˺ù
٣ҲҪҪʲô ʲô
費ˣҪǽˣҪչҪڵ۶һҪǸ˿ûǽɿԹĺܺá
ýϵ۶ѧж֪ǿԵģ
ɣʶ⻨Ǯһ˶ѹɽһģѹ̫ˡ
ƾŹ⻨ǮһþôŬֻҲ
ɲ֪˵ܵô룬ؾûʼǮءĿԴУԴһʯɵ
ֱסɵϣԼĿԳˡ
һſԿǿˮϾҲϲԣĥֲˮ飬һһµĻѧУѧ
ʱһѣʲôأ
׬õ㡣һʶ˵
ߵͬѧ̲סЩͬĿһǶ˵òˡ
˶֪Ӧɼ͵˹һĲˣɣ˶û֤ݣңҲ꼶ɼԱȽϺãʵȽǿģ߻źüѣѧУǡ
Ա˵ȥҪҵǼֱϢҵһõ㡣
һһõ㣬һûʲôȤˣһֻǸͷ
֪˲֪Ҵҵʣһ򣿡
٣
ũϵ൱ĳԲһλʦϢֻҪҵǸֱʦϢܵõһõ㡣ũϵĳĳ 
ļٵģ
˵ȫ˶ˣ˵أ
һûʲô飬еҲɲףȫ˶ҲˣǾҵˣ
һ򣬲Ǹͷǳֻ߾ֻܿˡϾôҵﻹŵǣ
ĹΣʵһ㣬Ĺʵݡ
ʱڼĹȻʦǸ¯ҵ뵽ʳģ
û뵽Ϊû˳̼ħصԭʳıȫʽ򣬵Ȼǡʧˣ
ù̳Σûҵ
Ȼؿڸ֮Ȼֻ嵭ζģ¯﷭˸飬ûҵ
˭֪ĳһ쾹ȻһζʲôζӰ
һ£ȫݳ޺˷ѵ⣬ֱǲҪǮľϵֻ࣬޲⼸ַӵĳɳ
һʱ䣬΢һƴ࣬ˡ
һСڳһһεֲ
ûûġ
ĵһ£˹ӡ
һӣȻЩ˷ѣѾӵĹѾںЩϾ֣ʱֲµĳ
죬һѧûѾʼˡ
ţͣԼϵĻϣ̼ζù棬Ҫˣ̫ˡ
һҲˣǰ˵ֱ£ȻûаȥѰǸֱ·ϣɣ뵽һ⡣
ȻԹûģǸ趨ĸߴʮĵҩûġ
ǣԹġʳаٷְٵġ
⼸죬һٷʵʵʳġ
ÿһӵζùһ׵ʵ
Ȼ֪Ǹֱ䵽ʲôһĵطǣԷȻԸһõңũϵȫĹעǾ˵һ⡣
ʳǰ;ġ
ϳԹٵʳȷûʲôʳܺ͹Ტۡ
ʳҲֱӦҲ׬ٵõɣ
һЧãû˼Ⱥ͹˵ԼһϷ֣õȥǸֱ
Ϊбߣûлһǵõ㲻ȥ˺üģͲŹѣѹһ۵ĹǺ
Ǹֱؼҵʱ򣬹һ˷ܵòУ͹˵սţŵһɼǿ˵ζһſҪʲôѾӿһȫͣ
һˣҪıɱ
ɲ֪ĥʲôЦ⣬ţţ⽫ǻ𾪵ʳ
һ
õĺܣȫûҪĴ㣬ţϾԲֿܵӺջ
һȫ᲻֡ζʱȫǺ˵ζֻţѾе㻳֮ǰ֪ʳʱҲ˿ֻŵģ
ļ˵˿ڣȫޣ
ٵһܳԣȥŰɡ ſ֮ǹ㣬ֱҪΪ֮˷ˡ
ĺܾûԹˡ
ȻǲǷ磬֮ѾٹȣһչؾǰΪ֡
ڵڣֻҪǹӣŹϵõʦʦ㶼һӵ
ʵһΪƽʱʲôԵģʵ鷳ⶫֻҪԼףϾ͹ˡ
ϴˣвЩʦʦ㶼Բˡ
һԣζҲǵڵһʢΪ˿Ծܾζ
һĻɹһҪ
ɣ֪Ϊɶŵʱ䳤ˣһ·ҲĴ⼸Ǻǣ̼Ķų˼ֲһĸо
񣬳˹ڴ̼֮⣬ҲЩζ棿ңܾûʳ֪ζĸо޷ܾ޷
һ֣ü΢ҪȻٽȥһţ
ֻҪ뵽ԼǼֱûκӣһ̲סǳ鴤ʵڲУҪȻͷϵֱ豸΢΢⡣
żٿ΢ӰڣһεҪ빮΢Զһ㣬ܱ֣黹ˡ
󣬹һֱֱڡ
͸ԲƷôҲ˷֣ؼǣЩжӦҲԶһ
ɣһȫû뵽Լֱٿһ͵Ǹֱ䣬֪Լֱͱš
ֻǸոտѾ˲ӿˡ
ԼעˣаֵѣѾֱ趨ע͵ʱֱ䡣
һһһٶһһ
ɣֱ䣬һһĺ ͣ
һĹũϵ罻̳ȵطѾըˣ#綾ֱ#ֱȵ
лҪ˵vӴ

22£һ

, 綾ֱ䡣
Ͱֱ⿪˿²ۣ
νʳֱ, ȴ䣬з˿Ҵ̼£ȫޡ
״ιֱ, յͶߵֱ䣬û֮һ
ôȶȵ, ô˵ķʽ˵ũϵ, ֻҲûмɣ
ԵҲûгһ£ֱ䵽ôأأλİ
⵽ʲôζǷŶ, ǹ˺ɣ
ȫáʱͻȻ˿ڣ˵ǿܲ, ŵʱе㳤, ҾȻеˡ
ѣ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭԽԽ˷, Ȼ, , , ζŶˣˬִ̼
ȻЩŰĸо, ɣ˵ζˬ

ͨѣپȻҲͬ뷨
ٸոսֱʱ򣬵һӦԼǲߴֱ䣬ǹ̼˱ĸоֱ̫ˡ
ҲǸʶҪ˳ֱǸΪжһʳƷ˵ǼΪҪģȻȫϢֱܰٷְٷӦ壬ɣҲͷҲ뱻̼ù֮Լ
ʵΪ뵽֮ǰһ⣬һڱ֧ţ
ɣʱ΢һ֮Լò̫Ծˡ
㣬ζʵ̫ˡ
ִ̼µζ΢ƽ΢Զһ֮󣬾͸ܵǻڵζڴ̼ͬʱǷҲһ㵽µζ
ζԣŨ˾ȣ˿
Ȼɻף㲻ôŪʮζ̲ס
뵽ľ͸ˣһ룬ͱζˣ
һӵĹеһɣ磬ǿԣ۾ӲãΪԼܵʲôϷ
ɣ״̬侲֮רҵǣع֮רҵ侲̬ȿʼζ
ٲһֻһƷߣ벻ȵȥһ
ǸʦǸƫԶϵĳʦ֮һ
ϴǹֻᵽһζΪ֮ԣµڣҲ޷ͻǹȻûлƷ
ǣѯÿһܳǹˣһһһ֮һ²⣬Ҳѣ˵ġ
Ҳ˵ǹȻпǻĳʳġ
ζԼǹıʾȻ⣬Ԫ㹻̫Ķˡ
ɣɶûУֻһоһʦ
ԣ½ζô̼ô޷ţѡţѡϸµĹ۲졣
һϸ۲죬 еĲԣִ̼µζĳƺҲζ
ңζһ㣬㣬Ũ㵽£ŵ̲סĿеĸйٶˡ
ңϰζֶ֮ζƺҲԽ㡣
ӣеעֻԼϣר־ñǼᣬרעһ֮Խζо档
̲סǰһһڳģʮִģ޵ĺڷƺĵζƷڷֻǣʲô
̵ֹӭζڿǻǻÿһй١
ûһȲʲôȥƷãӦһûɵƷ
ֻһ֣󲿷ֶûнС
ɣôŨµζ̼ܸסζ֭ʺϴʳ
ô£ôô߲ôܳôŨζ
ɣŨκʹ̼ζ£ʳıζ㶼׵ƻ
ǣⲻǱĩ
ףɣˣҲ˿֮󣬿ʼƷȡ˸ףҲܻڷĹôĸ£Ѿﵹ
̡̼顢㡭ζڿǻڳ׵ıըһ㣬ôһ˲䣬ͽǻийϸȫռȥ
Ȼؿζ
ɣͬʱҲǶû뵽㣬ζ临ӣܶζǶûнӴġ
Щζһ𣬾ͽµζʢ硣
뵽̲סһĨɬ
ɱһ£ΪũϵʦȻЩϵκһֱֶ治ÿɱֿ̾
Ҳ֪ʱ˿Ӧ˵ʲôֻĬĿһ֭һ㣬һƷͼڿǻ֮нЩзֽ⡣
ɽͿ˹ػ𣬽 ѡһģֵĹһ̼һĶЩƷּˮ
۾һӾˣ֪ҪƷʱˡ
µûдѾ׼ˣȻǿԳˣƹţ⣬䶳ƬԼƬƬȵȡ
Щ꣬ûжƷֱǶһ˷ѣֻǣƷҪʱģ˵һʱҲûʲôð취
˵⣬ԹѾù㹻ˣ
׵ӣˮ Ȼ󽫸ʳķϣһһ
ſڵĹһ΢΢Щܾ͵
һɵĿſڸʲô
һŬԼͣͣͷ
ü΢΢һû˵ ֻԴĿ˹һ
ֽƬ˹һһ㶣漴Ͻһһ¡
ƬѾ˹ĺƬһڹһŵ£ֱӷűɫ
һ̲ס̾Ϣһ
̾ϢĻѾֱˣµ⿳ߣּˮ֮һ£˶پζôǺʹ̼ˡ
෴ŨѵζʼвٵĵģһγһڣȻƺζغ͹죬ŨѵζѾ൱ԣԵŵˣҲٹִ̼
ֱˣٱǳҲ࣬ҲѾ˺棬һջʲôʲôζʲôڸС
ɣ˭֪һֱ˾Ȼôȥһ⣿
ƷΪӣӡǿζѳԵ⣿
ںò׷ζŨ˵ֱһĥ
һƷһ࣬˶ڴ֮ζͿڸеʱ涪һʺ
Ȼ˵⣬ǣĳ˵˵Ҳû̫ë
ͨȳζģڸмڴʱ˿̣˵Ҳ͡ʺûʲôˡ
һƬȥȫǶ裡


23£


̾Ϣ, Ϊۣ֮, ѹ﷭ӿ
ֻ޲õոһȻ
ֻǣ֪Ϊʲô, ô﷭Ȧɫ֮󣬾ǿ쳣ζˡ
ʶʿˮ
Ȼ뵽ʲô, ɫһ
һεǹ峺, ˱ǣҲ
һ˫۶Ȼ, ϽȡԱߵһ˫ӼƬ⡣
Ϊʱ仯̫죬ԶȻҲôųˡ
Ϊܾ, ֱ, ƺǴ񻰵ĵطǴ쾪ϲĵط
һ, ƺҲԿ
ͬʱ, Ľǰ˷׷ü, Щ˵, ൱һ֡
ֻʣһЩճҲòʳʳˣճҪˣһô, 㿴ź֣ôֱԣɣֶ˲
ڣǽƬС
ԭŵüͷøΪΪܣǣ֣桭ǡϲ
ŨԼ΢΢̼һζǻ֮ǰȳ޷ܵζȫûУ
Ƭζȫǵ֪ڵһ֣ӦúϤȴûа취˵ԼϤζ
ζƫƫζƽǳԵʱȫһûȳøŨһڣռǵий١
֣̼飬̼Լԭ˵ӦŨòȫܣӦûʳԭζڴʱ
Ƭ⣬ԶκʱĶҪ㡣
һʱ佫ԼĿⶼǿϡ
⡣
ǣܽǹζǣζԭͲϳ
ô㶼ģǣأ
ⱾӦôڵȳζأ
ʵڵİ
ʵ⣬ȴѾױôһζ׾޵ˡ
Ѿûʲôʱ䣬ԣԾͶˡ
ڴʱ˿Ѿٶȷӵ£һ⡣
ȻǴδ⿷ʽɡԻܽǵġܡ֫嶯Ŷرԡ
ˢˢڣҪȥ⡣
ʱһοһٲջأҾٸˡ
һһֿԱΪ١ķӦٶȣԼֱرա
һĿԼʲôû
һոµԼװ֭࣬Сһ£˿ǻ΢һĹ򣬿ɣʮۣһȥʾôڿǻ㡣
Ũζڿǻֱù˶ҸĿҪðˡ
̫ûг̫Լˡ
һƴʿˮе㲻̫¿ӣϾⲻֱڡ
öҪˮ Ҫٸȷϣֱ¹û⣿Ҫò죿ſԳԣ
Ͳȫֻһ𣿡
ƳһۣʣµǼһһԼ档ѹûнӻ˼
ⶼˣòѰҵϹӣԼҪ벻Żȥʱ䣿
һҲˣﻹܹ˵ʲôҴҸϹĶ
֪ЩԳԣԸŹ
͸ոôһĹ򣬿ɵٳԷ£
ֽٶȽ쵽һּ£ֱ˹µһ⣬ڣ۾׵˶·𷢹һ㡣

ֱµһڿζ
Ǽ΢΢ðѾֱôʱ䣬ȫӦ˵Ĵ̼о֮ейȫΪʣ㣡飡ȵȸִ̼һ㣡
һ˶̼е΢΢죬Ǽ⣬Ƕ˿˿ĺ⣬ɣֻë׶򿪵ġͨ͸ˬ족оȫ޷ܾġ
˷ܲѵĿ򹮷ʲôζƷҲ̫˰ɣģҲ̫ó˵İɣô̼ȫûа취˾ܾ
۾ֺ˵˷ܸС
˹ļŹո½ȥ⣬Ƭںﳹױɫ˶ҸüҪƳһۻ˷֮еĹһһӾͽ½ȥȫ
һ
õûһһ£һһ£۾ɴˣأ
ҸĳԼŨָӣȴõζ𵽼£Լѽ
һͷʺ졢Ե⣬еš
⣬ֱ£
ʲôַʽֶΣ
⣬ⲻǳʦſɵ
һɵĿŹ
Ҳģר־ĳԡ
һˣǸ꣬Ƭָָֻ˻Σ˴ٵ˵㡭
һɵĿŹڿ٣·Ըܵʵͣ㣬ɿڡ
۾϶ܺó԰ɡ
һҲ̲סˣһ⡭Сķһɫӡ
õ㣬һߵĶȴǷˣһڣ
һڣ
ֻǣôһڶѣ
һڣζڿǻ֮ȫը·Ϊ֮裬Ϊ֮
ؼǣֻмë״򿪵ָо̫ˬˡ
ֱȻֹôһڣûг꣬ûܵȥĿ֣Ȼôˣˣ
ץߵٲͣҡΣأأֱأʦأ
Ҳһγǿζȫܲ԰Σѣһץȥץסļ磬ʲô⿷ʽʲôζʲôζƷ
Ȼ˿ŶԷһ䣬֪õҲôͬʱ겻ѣ޲໥Űյıͷˡ
Ҳ֪ңǲˡĶôһλƷһڣƫƫҲֻһڣ
˵ǣûǣӣûлһڣⲻˣ⼸ֳĥ
ũϵ罻ֱӷˡ
ٺͶѰҵֱ䣬ôһĹ򣬾ֱӵũϵĻ񡣹ؼǣΪṩ˾޴ȶȵѣȫȫ㣵Ĺ۵㣡
˾Ϊֱ£ֻûд罻תսֱӴ
ַ࣬˺Ϊͷֱ䣬ӦñģԵĴ˹ͬĶ޷ţֶȻΪʳ
ʵٱҪõһĽͣ
ȫ֪Ǹֱ䵽ڸʲô˵ģǲ̼ԵζĶôʳǶʳ裡
ᣬԣϣҪֱҽ⳥

ⲿֵѽֱá²ۣ͵һĲֵѹϳһʳֱ䣬ΪֱĴڣӦñȡޣ
Ϊֱܵļ˺ǿҪֱԴ˽⳥һʱֱ֮յͶ֮һյ⳥Ҫ
ƫƫôһСȴ罻ֱӴ˲ʺƨ


24£


Ĳʺƨ, ˿ֱû˿, û˿ߵĴ
ʲô˹ʳһЩ˴ûʳңֻҪʱ㳢ôһ, ͻΪֹΪ֮񣡡
ִ̼ĸоҵȷ֪Ӧôݴ, Ҹ㣬ֻҪ, ǶжҳԶ٣
ޣҳûгԹ̫ʳ, һ⣬ֻáޡݣ̫óˡôôóԵĶǲ, ɱʳ
޷, ڿǻڵĿڸôôֳܻôζ
Ҳ֪ʲô, , ǾζȻζ
ִ̼ĸоǻڿǻ, ҫ, ǱըֻһڣҾ, ұˡ
Ǹ̼ζȷ̼ʱȽϴ󣬿ɣֻҪƷϸƷܷ֣ǲǴ̼㣬һŨµ㣡
Ҫҳһ֮ĸоڣȻǺڵ¡ҴûйôһڵġҾȻֻԵһڣֻƷһΣ
Ҳڰһ⣬ҲܳʲôڲûûζӪʲôʺ
Ǹ˭һӣҪõȫϢ
ҷˣĳƷʦǲˣҼһõ㣡
ҲӣҾ֪һ㣬Ǽ˭ǵӦñƺΪʲôζ
һƷ˲࣬ǵļͻ̶ȣ˿ЩҪ⳥٣뻹Ҫ
Χ۵·˶ˣ׼ڸģⷭתô죬ַֻһ
һѣȻǸոսеʱ򣬾Ͷߺ;ٱԼ⡣ɴֱڴʱ䳤һ㣬ų˼ζ
ֻǴƷ֮Ըӳֵ֤ȥԶԷپٱͶߡ
ɣȻ
ü죬ֱرյ˲֮תԼϢȻٶȹ
ǡ򹷡ƣԼ¡
֪޴ԴƷһڣԶ֪㵽ж֪޴ģ⵽ʲôζʲôƷʵģʲôȻô£ôζ룬ˡѾٷְٵĳˡˣװˣ
ΪԼ֮ǰ޴еԱеŭɱ
Ѷˣ֪ⷭתô죬ԼԼ۲ۡ
ͬʱ˴ȶȣȻҲ˵ɡ
Ĺ棬ٲ٣˵ԽԽƭˣֱ֪
̶ֳ̼ȣĿԳһͷɣô󶼲̫򵥡
ˮҪҵҲôδɣ
ʳֱ䳴ҼûмĳʽѾ˺ˣҪˣҪδһֱǿˡ
ЩΪеλм£ʳ㹻˽ģֱЦˣ˵óĲɫ΢еƷҲˣһ⣬ҲҪûκӵĽδ
ôƷʵ⣬ܴﵽ̶ֳȣ
ˡ
⡱ۣ˵ʵ˵㲻ʲô̫õĶ
λߵ˵ֻƷ쳣ߵ⣬̺Ƕ࿴һۣͨʳ⣬Ǽֱǰۣ
ɲô˵һȶȣѶ¸ȤˣֱȤˡ
˿䣬Ҳãô˵ֱˣ٣ũϵĳ׵׵Ļˡ
Ҳвڶٵĸ˺·ԣʵô£˺ֱ˵˭Ȼкڷֱӵ٩ʹʹ
ؼģȻ˲Ʒѡ
ǵҲˮһƵ˾áٵù֡
ĵ˺ţܷ֣ÿһ˺űʮֻԾĸ˺ţȫˮ⡣
ʵֻһ仰ʦ˭һڣҪ֪Ϣ
һԼĸ˺ţҪϢ׷һԼķ˿ûܹṩصϢմ򿪣ͱöˡ
һ򿪣ԣֱӻظҪ֪һǣв
ѾĿڲԡ
һ㣬ҲЩˣ˼ҪҴţӪҲôİɣ
ȶѾôˣٲţԺôõЧ
Ҳ½ˣӦĲЩ׷ʵķ˿ֱЩӣν֪õ㣬ֻҪֱܸ˵Ϣ֡
ͬʱӲЩŪЩˡ
һɲ֪Լ֮Ѿũϵ罻վôĶ
˹һźƬŴִ̼֮㣬һӣͷĺֻӣźƬл׽˶Ʈŵĸо
ű˵ܵܵļɫģ
˲ȻָֻԼ˹Ŵ󷽡
ӵˣֹҲãСԣӲԺ󶼲⣬Ȼֵܱ˶ˡ
һɲôֻ֮࣬Ҫæϴ롣
ÿʳﶼģһϴҲʲô⡣
ƷʳʱȫԸסһС
ϴʱȴû¥Ҳûȥׯ԰ŹһתȦոõǸʲô
һʱһ£Ŀһڴƺĥĸڴ档
ٳɵˣ㣬㣬
Ҿ̬Ⱥ֡
һ񿴵ЩͰˣˣ
ô̼ôֵζ㾹Ȼһ㶼ʣɣȻôӾҪԣ㲻𣿡ʡ
һ
ȻΪֶͨΣѾŵһЩһζҲܵһ˿˿һζ͵͵ǰһ֭ζ
ԣʱȻûɡ
°΢΢˵㣬ԣǸڴĶйأ
һͷһԶ䣬ʱѾ׵
ͷɥٿɿֻʵʵĴͷڴС̳ݸ˹
һСžǺһηֵһˡ
Źһ˵
һ
ȫϢֱ
һ仰Ժ飬Ǹʲô
ֱһ֡Ƽʽ棬ζ оݸһͷˡ
۾΢΢һЩġʱĶӦûȤɣ
ÿսʱ򡭡ǰֱ
һ;۾ӣﭵģֱ̹ȥʼȴʲôûп
һͣ˵ֱʳܶõ㣬ԡ޺
һߴ򿪣һ˵ũϵһȵֱ䣬һõ㣬Ҫôһֱ䡣
һõ㣿£ƶĹ۾ɵøˡ
һõʯӦüɣ
ôһ롭ˣֻǼ õô׬ôѣôأ
һ˵֮˳Լϵֱôһ˲ġ٣
Ǿ޿
˺һһŴֱʾҳ棡ڴʱֱʵʱѻڷʾ˽ֱ䣬ۣԣ
һ


25£һ

ĹЩ, ʲô˼
һŵĻϷˢŵԣֻһ, ʹ͸ЩֱϢ֪ôˡ
Ӧ֮󣬹һԼɤеҲеɬ, ǣʲôһ͵ֱ, Ȼֱ䣡
ҴҴ罻Ϳ#ֱ֮ٴο#ˢˢȵ, ҳһʣҲǸֱ, ʷײȶȣͶԼֱ䣡
⣿
һ۾ɴԲˣˡ
ʲô
治֪Լʲô, ôֵҪ⳥ˣ
һʱرԼֱ, ҲԼ˽Ϣʼչر״̬ûʲô˽Ϣ, ֻǴҴȥǰ
ȴѾԼΧſ, 漴ʮֲ, ֪
Ȼ, Щͨ˾й֪϶ʶȻж
ָŹ϶˵ͷ, еӡʣµЩʲôԼ֪Ҫ⳥
ܸҸеĶ޴֪֪ӦôʳĺóԣȻ˵Ļ
һͿŹһһ²ۣûסĳ鴤һ¡
ȻԼڴ֮ǰҲȺ޴࣬ɴʱĻȻøеôóԣô⣬ôܱ˵⣿
ôóԣǿڸУζǸо
ǳȥҸУ߲ͨ˿Աȵ
οǹӣͨʳ𣿣
ô˻ǣζЩ˾ȻҪôڮ٣Բ̰
һ˵ߵĹʣԣһõ㣬ҵľǣ
۾ͺһٷѾǰѾΪ
һõ㡭
Ժһ飬һҲɳܵĶˣңвѶ˵Ҫͣṩõ㣬Ϊ˵õǵϢ
һ΢΢˶٣ǷĳϢһӾһ£˵ʦЭǱ֪𣿡
ûУôйӵĴڣңĳʦȻ߲ΪĲɫȻ߲ˣһĻȣĳѾʧһ硣
ȻûС
ң˶Ծʶülow£ȫûһúͼֵ
Ƕʳûûȥ־ãܵõʳ
ͬʳģҲûҵζᵽⷽ棬Щ԰
һȴ˶٣ǣǲܱ¶
һ£˶еʳ±¶
һѹͣ۶Ǳߵĳʦʮ԰ó˸ϡʳġ

ûôԼСȻӳԣԼϢС
ǣǿԼֱһ۾ֱڷ⡣
ָԼĹֱĺ̨͸ոմ򿪵ôһĹǾ͵ʮֵͣϣõ򡣡
ؼ ֱ䱳ûʸȡϣ
ݣõᣬͬ⣬ԻжϣַΪͶ߷ΧԻжǷ쳣쳣ƽ
ֻҪǲûκõǵϢ һһ˫СݣһǿԼֱʳ׬ȡõ㣬й¶Ϣ
ĹעֻǰǾ棬򣿾ոմ򿪵һᣬʲôûʲôûṩ͵õ㣿
һҲܼԣԣǿ֪ĿʼӪֱ϶׬ȡ㹻õ㣬ʱ϶㹻ѧˡ
ѧѾױԣһֻעǰһ֣۾⣬ԭõҲô׬
֮󣬵һʱ½Լ̳ǣһνԼ֮ǰĵҩ˼۸񣬡88õ㡭
˶٣Ǿе̫٣88ǰ˸1ջ֡
һ
ԭڼʶˮƺԼϵı仯֮ãʶ֡ҩЧ˵Ը⻨õ
ɣһٰʮõ㡭²ɵӣԩͷˡ
ǮĶӣŻỨôǮȥҽԺɣ
һóˣԼļ۸û⣬ǣȥÿ춼²ۣһȷϵͳû⡣
һٰʮҪȥˣϵͳĳ˰ɡ
ɲô࣬ǷĲƷڷһᣬôķ˿ʦľõĵҩôֵֻʮõأ
ֱӦô棬ôãôõ㣿
һĿʼֱͣͷ׽Ӱ񣬲׽ζ
ͨͷֱӴݵֱһͷھͿԿˡ
ǸССͷתһȦҲûпʲôһ򵥵ĵط
Ȼζȫ׽
ЩԾԾԵҪ𿪿ǿŹһǾı飬׻Ƿˣⶫͦġ
΢תǽϳԷʱͲǿ
ȻԼԷñ˿ζ֣ǣڹ˵ֻҪõ㣬ⶼ
ֶһ׬õ۾ʼ̵ԼʳĿ棬һֱҪһЩûмʶ֪ķˣ
ȻˣûǴֻܻ˽ط£Ȼһλ˹һ룬˼ˮ
һʼֱֲģ˭֪һ飬ļ۸񰺹զ࣬ʮִĸɴˮԳζӻֲ֣˿Լֳܲ
ʵڲУԽһ¯һ£Ų
Ͼûõ㣬򲻵ҩôôά¯
¯Ѿһ¯Ӧѧж
ֻǣû뵽ˮȻҲѳԵ̶ֳȡ
ˮȻӣһҧȥɬǵ𣬼ֱ޷ܵζĴ߻
ֱ˳ôһˮȥǿǻǹζѹȥ
һ𾪵ĿŹһ
һڵ۶ҵʱҲǶүȻûгԹֱ˵ˮ
ңоԼҲѾζһʱҲûа취ܷӳٷ֮ʮĶɴûȥá
һ޹ĿŹⲻǵ۶Щֻаٷ֮ʮĸ߼ˮ
Ӷڰٷ֮ʮħʴӱζȻ̫á
㲻ң
һ飬ҲˮҲҲûôࡣ

ĬĽ߹ֻȡӵͷͳ˷䣬Ҫֳˮùһúÿϲϲˮ
˵꣬Ťͷֱȥׯ԰ڣʼֲ
ܻ൱ãֻҪ趨·ߺΪǾͿԽɵ׵
ֻҪں潽ˮ
û̫Ķѡɴָ㹻ˮĽˮŨȵ䣡
ҪҪһ
лҪ˵ʮ㿩~

26£

˻ſǸѾرյֱ, ɥĴԴ, ֻˡ
ٵǵ㾫Ҳûˡ
ץӸεĸо̫ˡ
ôóԵĶôûа취أ
ҧˣû, ֱ̫ûеˡ
ֻҪ뵽һ㣬;Լ˶̫, û塣
һ̾Ϣû³, ˺, ʳĵˣɺܸߣʳ̶Ȳ㡣𣿡
ʮֲͷ, 㿴Ű졣
ֻ, ǻЩʳĵ
ЩǩЭ, ,  , ʲôϵ߾Ϳ˰
Ǹֱ 
ȸߵ߲˵ȷټ, ǣֱ⿷ʽȴǴδйģ
֮ĸҪѵҪۣ
ԱѾڱ߱Եϰ, 뿪ķ⣬׼ȷ֤ݣҲӦõġ
ڵϰǾԲܴŵġ
Ƭ徻һԼ֮ǰƷֿڸкζ֮ʱ򣬾ͱ͵һѣ쿴ˣ
ʲôóٷ֮ʮ߲ˣҲ뿴ֱŭˡ
ֱԤ棡Աֱ˻һ
ˢһ̧ͷ˵ɶ
ҴææȥץԼĹԣȻһӾͿֱһԤ棬ֱԤưСʱл֧֡
һ˲䣬ٵ·̻ţúҸԼŨŨڴУһ̿ʼٵ˵ÿһʱ䶼ܡ
罻ҲǺǣֱԾ˼£һ˷ܲѣ˵ֱǲԾģ϶ͼ϶˼϶ͼı
֮ǰһֱϴأأҪôϴ
ػصģô죬caoôȶȣΪĲ׬õ
˿һôߣˣ̳ˣ
ǾͿ£Ҫôʺƨ
ȵֱʼǵҪЩ˿ˮɱ޴ĶҪôԵĲʺƨ
ֻҪ뵽һ˷ܵˡ
Ҷ׬õ㣬ǣ󷽷ĵֱӳͿˣαػҪcaoŴʦ߽ȵȵƷء
ô죬ǺΣ
˷ܣ֮ǰƷһζķ˿͸˷ˡ
ʳֱԤ棡⻰Ѿˢ
ζʲôŨ㣬ǣӣץʳлԳˣ
ֱǱȣľϲ
ңؼ ˼ ˵ԺҲлټƷ 
Ҫ֪һʱ䣬ӪҺȫʲȥĸоʵ˾ܣ
ӪҺѾ׼ãȳԣ
໣ʺƨѾ׼ãֻҪ㲥Ҿ͸ҿ䡣


ûʱ俴ֱݣһקţȥˡ
һʮ࣬棬ȻڹĶ档
ù̲סһ£鷳ˣ
ûУƽרͨѧУɣҡɼѧԣĿǵ۶УȻ
ȻЩʧ׼ôʱ󷨣Ȼһ˶ûץ
ôηηŵβܳ¶ֱ̫ˡ
һԼ׽̬ȣԼܲ׽㡣
ܵһɫ쳣ɿŬάԼһ ǧûǧշʼշţţð
ս˳׽ǲҲԷ
һü㹮˵ùûʣɲš
ֻתעɿһʲôҺæģҪ׼ϵֱҪ׼ˮǱߵȱڻܴء
һ£һʣõ㣬Ȼ취ȥΣȻҪϲĿˡ

һΪʲôǶѧͿôִţ
ĶɽٴãмϹѧģ
ʱô󣬾ֲЩݣҩѾǹò״֮мģôΪѧ¶ѧ£
üͷʮֲ
ȥ
һˣĿ겻һѧȥѧ㻹Ҫôԣôһѧ
üʶԼԲһĸо
һڼڣ˵ҪǶڣǶʵȥѧô
ü
ԼͷλãԭȻִ
ǣʲôִԪӤߣɽٷɽ粻
Щͨǰҫʲô壿
Ʒҩ˷䱦ʦľ˵ȴʽô޴ķ˵׷ʲô壿
ȥԼü
һе꣬ԼԼѧͬѧҳʲôˡ
һſùһȤ£һѧۼ˲š
㡣
һȻ⻰Щǣֻʳֲ˵Ҳȷûʲôë
һѧḻ߲Ʒ֡
ûκα飬ֻҪõ͹ˡ
Ѿˣ磬ֻҪõ㣬ǾʲôˡҪ˵ʲôִǿܾʯɣ
ǣ磬ʯжõ򵽵ġѾҵͨõĵ·ԣԹһ˵ûκεĶо
һ
Ǿ£ΣãģũϵǱߣȶûа취ȣѵȥ𣿲ڵ۶ʶ٣Ƚһ𣿡
ô٣ôȽҲû ܷܵħĥħô࣬ûа취ʲôϡġŬԼõвҪģҪġ
һöũϵֻǧõ㣬ǣڵ۶Уٿĵõ㡣˵ֻҪΪ㱳飬һٰʮõʲôǱߵǮڶ࣬ϧһǧ˰ٰʮɴѵ˸õ㡣һѾҪӣ˼ˡ
һ㣬ˡ 
ֻһ㣬ѹƻȥѧ
еĶˡ
Ϊģǣܹõ㣬Ǿζſ򵽸ܺС
Sϻףŵ򼶵ǽһ̨ǽ൱һS츳ߵľۼء߶˻ף߼ⳬߣȫۼǱߡ
Ĳȥ𣿡
Ҳ˵ҲûëϾ֪ͨķ˸޷ᵽҩЧȻҲûа취㹻ĸ߼ۡ
ǣЩĳߣ൱ǽΪʿǶԸֵҩ࣬ҪǣеġõҲࡣ
õ=ʯõ=Ʒʯ
ɤӡˡʿˮĶĸо 
һ 룡۶Ҫʲôʲô͸ô뿪۶𣿡
ãʯʯĲҪԭִǿԾһµġ
ȻѧǿԣÿԻһķʽĿꡣ
һûпڣĸף⹫ǻҪȥǻҪ취ǡ
С
Уһһ㶣۶ã⣬ȫڵ۶ϵûһ
ȥ۶ʯʯĲҪҪȥʵġ
һЦˡ
żЦù΢ûסԴģҿ϶ҵǵġ
ôãõ¶ôʱ䣬Ȼԭĸ׺⹫¶¡
һӦǳ˺ܾðɡ
һȦ΢΢˺죬Ǹʮ꣬ΨһʣµĽ㻹ɱڼûõ㣬۸
Źһͷ̲ס࣬ڸĺܰ
һǵ㱯һӾûˣ̲סžһ´֣뵽ʲô˵һ䣬廹ûŶ
壿һ£漴Ӧԭ游һӣֻӺ顣
ԭĸʧ٣ֻʣ׷顣
·ʵԭҲʹ˲ʮңԭ游ϹͰ·ϾִĵӣҲܷġ
ùٲĸ׵ĺ󳾣һǹˡ
ֻûпۣ·ʵʵǿʱ䣬ھ㣬ͳһŶӣǿš
üŹһɫ΢΢ѾһҵʱϵˣҾÿǳʲôˡ
ɣһڵ۶Ѷѧûʲô̫Ҫ̽Ϣǲ̫ܡ
һۣüҲЩΣ⿴۶ȥˡ


27£

Լ, ʼĥص۶Ӧʲôʽ
ĵȼʮֿ, ϵ֮Ϊˡϵǰϵܼ򵥣ǣҪϵǰϵȴһͲˡ
, һҲ򵥵ģǿ۶ϵĴѧ
ڶ, ΣǾǶڵ, Ҫ飬˵, ֤ͨʱܶݵġ
ȻЩֻҪݺϷĶ, 綼Ըæ㶨
Ҫڵ۶仧, õ㣬׶, ṩֵȵȡһ١
, ͳһ, , õ㣬ֻҪõ㣬ǰ۶ϵƺҲʮּ򵥵ġ
ĿԼĸ˻, ʵڼѣʯǮȻҪǮûʲôĵط
ĥţˮƵĹ˺ţѯʡۺ⡣
Ǳʮˣһεĵҩõô
ȻϴȥǣҲ鹮øӰȫķʽɣⲢˮƲ򰡣Թġ衱޶Բż
ǣÿΧתƣֻ޲ʱصĸһżʵĸѡ
ңӶʱ
ҲĹɶʱⲻȤôټˡ
ʱӵ˹ĵ绰һĶ˲䴧˶ϲѣãȻǼãرãõĲܸã
ⲻǺ˵ֻʮÿ޲ֱΧ׷½صĸġ衱֪Чжãǣʮ˵״̬Ǽۿɼıá
⼸ǼƤ춼Կıϸ壬𪣬ֻҪϹӣܿһĵط
⼸죬ʮˣŮԣҪΧתˡ
Чãǳãرãûиˣ
ʮڵʣǿϿʼ𣿡
㿪˺ţյ
⡭ðɣˮƸǰ䣬ϲѣ䡣
̫ЩЧãŮ˵е档ȫֱӽ
£˼ġ
һʵߣһ̫СԺܶණһ֪⣬ǿ϶Ҫһһһ㣬Դһĺ顣ˮȻ·ŵߣʵʵ൱ԣҸպھϵͳڡ
ڶˮֵţ츳пɡƷҲҲѾ֪ߵģԺĿʼ˶ϣҲˮǱ߿ʼ顣ȻҲõķʽ
Ҫһ㡣ΰʦˣֹ⡰ȱ족Ķǳ֡
ֶҲԲʦġŲһᲢۣ
һɣҵþųɡʣ㣬ûɣ
΢΢飬Ͼ൱ڰзնˮƣֻһɵ룬ȷЩ֡
ˮƣ
ûгκңЩЧжãպжţ˵һɣǰٷ֮һֻ¶𾪡
ҡͷУʲôûҲֳɡ
Ҷվǰ汣üһ𣿡
Уôһõ㣬ĲСˮƸͬ⡣
Ҷ㣬㻹ԼԵġ
ˮƣе㲻Լ
һһ꼸ʮõ㣬ôŮˣ˭ܾܾջ
ûУûУ
ֻҪṩԴţһԴԴ϶ܹĻõֻҪҪģûҪġ
ӷֳ̫ˣʡ
ˮ ̫ˡ
û£ԺĻ϶ࡣһ㲻ġ
ԣܰҶһƿÿǵĻҳԲꡣ
ˮƣ
Կʼӵˣ·Ѿõϲ̵ĹҶͨѶҽԼͷ⼸Ŀ淢ˮƣǧöӷһ޴ǹ档
ˮԼƺ˸ʲô£ԼͷʣµǸƿӣ˵ôô죬ԭǲ²Ǹ
һûסĳ鴤һ£ĳЩƺЩڻ
һߵˮûסͳԼһʵСƿӣԼЩԣ˵ʱǸƿӵʱ˵ĻûпЦ
ɤһ⡭ⶫĿܾ
΢΢Щ
͹£ṩֻһ棬øһЩ⼸죬ԼԼ仯Ƚϴ󲻽Ƥȷ档
ԼãһεͻȻʵҲøⲻѰ֮÷ǳ
ؼǣԼӦ֣ңϵѸԼԣڡӡˮƽ͵ĳּ¡
ǲԼõѣֻԵĽ
ϵԼ֮ǰ쵼ʦκ˲Ч
˼ȥΨһпܵģǹİ
ĶɵӰҪԶȲԳҪţˡ
̶ֳȵĶڹĺУ޽٣ޱĶԼãƬ̣ԼҪŹ Ȼ˵ʲôʱͱ˶ˡ
˼ˣֱӿʼ̳ǵ̵£Ȼֱ֪ͨԼľֵѣ»׼У
ǧöİһܵˮûож٣һ¼۸񣬸˵һĴ㣬ǰƹڼ䣬۸ͲҪ̫ߣֻų֮ǰ۵һҲһƳ̡
ļ۸ԷŸһ㣬ΪֶԼÿԶȹ˵Чøͻֱӿ˾һܸ߼ۡ
˵ʵ۸Щߣᵼ¾ͨò
ɣˮƸףҪЩģһ㶼ʵǿǲֹ塣
˲䣬ǼۺĶա
ڼ۸⣬ûѯʣɡ
һŹ˻ոתһʵõ㣬ЩĬ
ٺͻ ǽԼ߼еļ۸һԱȣ̲ס꣬Ǯ̫ˡ
һǶǮʲôһ⡣
빮빮ЩӲֵġ̡ģôһ˲ġݸС
ֱ̫ˣ
ʹһֱӦôķʽܹ׬õ㣿
һ
ʳֱӦþǺóԣҪȶȱȽϴӦþҪͷȽϴìܵ󡣡
һεĹӣһӾۼĺڷۺͨ˿ʱھֱӵũϵѰ񵥡
ԣŵͷʮеü
ϲʲô
һ΢΢˶٣ʵҲЩ£֪Ӧô˵ˡ
ԭ׷ıȽģӦǸԭ߲ʳǡԴӳ˹ʳ֮Ͷ
ֻҪ뵽Ǹζ̲סʿˮûš
еĹϵԼҪĲҲʮ֪
ʱһȥԽԽһǸֱҲһӣһ΢΢ľһͷȻժײˣ̲סһ㶣ʲôģ
ײˡüˮײˡ
˲һϻˣϸʳҪ֪Ҫóԣû⣬ǲţ
лҪ˵ϸ~

28


һԡˮײˡЩ̫, ǣò˵, ڡһϣѾ˹һθ
ʲôɣԹĳղɣһ, һžԵԾ
Ūֱ豸͹һһĥôá
һʵҲ̫, һŪһ̳, ֱǰĥòࡣ
ѡģʽϵͳԶһϵͳ, Ҳᱻ滻ϵͳԶġ
дƷƵĶԶģһһȫǵֱҪ, ǲܵ¡
Ŵֱ, ʼ˵ֱ顣
ƵȫϢ飬ޡһ𺳵ĸо, , Ҫװòɫ, ܱһ
ֱĶ, ְֱť֮󣬹Ŵ˹һֱ䡣
ͬʱ, Χ۵Ĺ˲ӿֱ䣬ֱ˲˰ˡ
ٺͶȻ׵еոս룬˾˷ܵĲֱˢˢˢңֻ޲ýһõֱȫֱܵӰ죬ķ˿ҲʼҴ͡
ֱ˲ũϵֱ¶ЩͷǣһȶȽֱķ˿
ֱĴ֣۾΢
һ۾ԲˣǼõֱһֱӿǶǵңʲôûȻѾֱӵ˽õ㡣
ֻǣһ뵽ոˮת˸ôõʱ򣬹ʧѵı飬һԼƺҲûԭǵ㼤顣
ֱϴˣһƬƬĲҶѡֻǲġ
ֱһ𾪣Ļɿ Ȼ߶˵ʳĺ͸߶˵ʳǲһ
߲ˣȻֻео
Ǯ˵磬ˡҲ
kaoݳˣǻûгԭ߲ˣﾹȻô˷ѣһ㣬һ룿

¾ǹһЩ£˵ʵʱ۲ùֶʳкǿģ֮ͨԱǵʳҲǹϲõġ
Ҫ˵ϲͨʳģˡ
ͻȻ뵽Լ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰ͷĿɿڴֱɿˢĸԣãӦץס仰ġ衱
һǳ鴤Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôȽϺá
ɫôһ˲
̾һԭΪһ
ôĲһĳʦ˵ ǶЩʦ˵裬ĲõʳĲǵĵĳգ
ĻҡҡͷɣõĲоڸкζԭԶҪá
ԭڴֵ  ͨ˵ȴӾ ԭ߲ô˷ ֻѡм䣬ĵĲ֣ȫ ֱˡĽ
֪ﻹȱȱͰϹѧ͵ְ ұֻ֤Բ˵
Բۣ¥ϱҲǵһ
Ǯǲϵ ҿݳޣԼԭʳĶԲϣȻ￴Щ

ɲ֪Щ˵뷨ϸԱߵһ
һ۾һ֪
ϴ֮˵ֱӳԵ
ǣʲô£ü֮䶼Ρ
˹ǣҽΪܣ򿪺Ʒ
ֱΧ۵Ĺھ͸ˣǹһǲ²⣬ʲôɣ˻ζˮ
Ҳ 
٣ɫ΢ ϴƷǹĹ 
ἰٺͶɫͬʱ仯˼ֲһ̬ȡ
ϴǹ һֱ䵽ڣ˸޷Ƶ˼
Ҫǣпûˣġ
棬˽Ĳ֡
ֻҪ˵Ǹδеǣǿˡ
ˣҲڶ˼ʺȤ
ֱķ˿ҲЩ£ܰ Ӧʳ𣿡
ҲܵĲɫϾ̨ûпʳģûֱֻһ˰ɣ
ܿʵʸǣֱֻ׼ôһˡ
ζҲʼ˿˿ƵζҲʼˣһľô˵ıǻꡣ
ʣʡ
ʲôζ⣬Ҳ̫ˣҿ˭˵ֱǻȡ裬µģ˺ģ
ζõŻȡ裿Դ 
ſ Ҳò²ģʽԣʲôʱҿԳζ

ζһͬʱ Ϊ˶Ӧϴ˶ŵȴûл᳢ǹ
٣ɫǼΪƷ
ζ
Źڷ֪Ѿտ˵Ŀ֮д˸ӣһӱŷһ˲䣬ζֱ䡣
һ˲ûʲô
Բۡһʣſ˵뷨
㣬ˣ
TMô㷨ڸpкӶըˡ
ζֱӻп˵û
ٿǹս£ţ⣬϶ǻû⣡
ˣǸȫ峺֭Ȳףסףζ˵Ķԣ϶ͬʱ޷׵ģΪ֪ûκε֭
ô峺ô㣬ôζһ仰˵㶵Ŀǹ峺ѵ֭
õ߲˰Ƶ֭ɣ
ζɫʳİɣ
ҵģ㣬̫ˣӦõʳģõ߲ˣ㣬Ƕ١ȣ
ӦþǴ˵ֻаٷ֮ʮķӵְɣ
ȻܲûۣǧƪһɵĲʺƨһ˵ˣȶȣۣͷҪ顣
һɹͷɵ
ǣǣţǻһ𡣡
һŹڣֱһ˲üž

ûˣĽ˵ġͷַӵ˼£ܺ ǳãرá
ֱžãֶڷǻ࣬ǹͷǹͷƵģſǹˣɣζȴƷ
ٴһҾ˵ɣҾ˵ɣ磡ǻ
漴ֱ˲һαըˣţҲţǹͷƵģ
ģӦôﵽôı׼
ܰɣôܣ
ȳأȳأأ

һֱۣͿŹеǿŰײо˲֭ڣȫֻССİײоĸôһС
ɷһ㣬ʦõӵĹͷȾžİײĶ

˶ȫԼ˵Ļȫǵ֮ǰ佱֭ʱԼı״̬
ֻ֪ͷǵƷͷƵ֭ȫǲдƷʳ߲оһõ߲ˣмֵĵط
ַʽǶ߲裬˷ѡ
ȴûںǵ̬ȺۣһЩĸȻһγ״©ϡ

ȡϸС뽫оһ顣ֱڿ±֮󣬹ʼ̲ˡ
ַʽ졣
⿷ʽδš
ҲԱ߲䣬δ
ԣ⵽ʲôʽģ
¶ȿ𣿡ʡ
ֱйڶһ±ƣ˶ڻΪʲô ô£˼ȵȵġ
ĸֶ ȡ衣
ʣкӣ·˵Щ˿Щ±ƣ֪Ӧôˡ
ûκα仯һһ̵֭һİײϣ״̬׸ı֮󣬹֣©֮еİײķ漴һ
ӷ ֣°΢̧Գˡ
תϵͳ˹ֱйڡ
ÿ˶ǶۻɫġСûô㣬ûŨ㣬ûôŨңƫƫʱ֭΢΢һʱԵǶ䡰С͸ÿˡ
һҲ̲סսˣԳ˰ɣ
һ֣һСƬҶƬУʣǵһо
һڵʣδģҲȫ޷Ƶ 
׽һ£ֿڸУ֪ʦΪʲôҪýķʽɶݲƷ⿷ʽˡ
ִ֮࣬ǡô죬΢΢ظʡ
һ΢΢˿˿ζ һ˲䣬ãоζڸУ׵׵
Լʲôʱһ䡰Ķˣֻڵ㣬ڲͬ˿˿Ƶĸ
ץӣʲôƷʵİײˣܹζôܣ
ѽôܣôܻζζ
Լȫ⣬˿޷ᡣ
㣬㡭
ֻǰײˣһ֪ʲôʽ
Լյ֪׵߸ˡ
ױ߸ֺ֪γֻǶ
ֱÿһˣڳԽȥһڵʱ򣬾ѾԼ֪սˡ
 ƣ֪ɣֱȻʳҰιܶΰҵĴûгԵζ
ʵڿˮʱЩʧģΪ볢ǿŨζԵʱҲ֪Ҵˣҳ׵Ĵˡ
ظʵİײˣôùͷģҲţôš
ǣ˭ţûκãΪͷζͰȫûκ覴ãûһҳһһˣƫƫˣȻǸϵĹͷġ
ìз˿·ˣֱӳһࡣ
ֱ˵ʲôĶУɹȴҲˣôûأأأ
ոսʱ򣬻˽дͣΪʲôھͱˣͻȻû˸Ǯأ

ֱĳһۣһ 
ֹصֱ䣬ɫ壬Ҿұˡ
лҪ˵Էʵһľжˣ18żӣ£Ԥ߹·ҪʦүȦ
⣺Ƽ飬һǳС㡣رÿ
ҺЩ꡷ߣǣ˿ż
û뵽ȥ㣬һݡ
Ӵ֮ҲԷĵļĸĮĸס
θĸǲ
ΡףǺǡ
ǣȴҪʮ󼴽Ĵǡ
Ԥ£
ʦүȦ
İ˵ͨ˵˻֮飬״ò
ɣһɸ࣬
ʳﶼ˱˻
뵽ϱУܵŵ°˸̯
һʮߺ˰ŵƭǮƬѡ
һ
¹˿ͣʣʲô
------
21͵ʱǮľȻǴʦҵ
һƬȻܵǧ򣬻õȱ
ĽˣҲ뿿Է
22ѧɣŻɽ𣬻ɽҳߣɽŴ֣ʦүݰ٣Ѱ
һţϣҴѧ
ȴȦ½ںСޣʦүȥɡ

29

һ
һ, ʲô
оʱӦñԼԴһ, ʾһԼ𾪡
Ѿûû룬Ҿ˷ʱˡ, ˮײˡҪȥ
ŭ뿪һ
һĵһӦȻǿȥ幮, ӳԶԹδʳ, ĶôؿڵĻһΪԼ⡰ѵġˮײˡûʲôȤ
, һƷһ֪ԼˡһǴشʳʳ, ôΪ嵭ζ, ŨζĶı䡰ʳԣ
֭ǿڸ, Լظʵ, һԣʮݣ
ֶⱲӶܳġ
ÿһȥʱ, ܸо˵泩óԣ̫óˡ
һоԼͨ͸, ã֣áǲһ, ɲһܵµζ
ڹһЧοǱħĥˣԼ궼ЩҪƮƣҸȫûдʻݳġ
֮ǰ˵߼Ҹѹ ״̬ã״̬֮ǰţˣֻ͸ֱȻЧ
ֱڣĻԼոշ»ü
óԣ̫óԣôôóԵĶûκһ˿ζͿɬȵȣڵζеζٶΪ֮赸ϲϲ
˵ֱСʱ
ΪʲôҪֱֱʣµζҶԴһӣĿԣ
Ԥأ
ֱرյģ޴йԼǼķ˿ȫܵ罻һĹȶȾһֱףֻһѵĲʺƨЩһĻ 
죬Ҳ֪ʲôʳ
ڴ֮ǰûиܹʲô֮ǰΪȻʳֻ˰֪Ҳ䣡Ҳ䰡
ȻʳľȻҪۣۣ
Ȼʳڵʳ⿵ǶȻʳ裡
ʳҲʳ
ʲôʱͷԣˣ
Ȼʳĵ׷Ѿһ֮ģڿȻʳķӵʳڣֱӽҵ
ң½˿ҲǺǵġ
Ƿֻۣһ㣬ǾǣóԲóԡ
ȻʳĵҲǰЦˣ۶ôിȻʳĵģмܹﵽζٵӵʳΣѵ⡮ˮײˡóԣ 
ˮƽ⣬벻Ҫõۡ
ƷʵӣҲⲻ䣬ǲ䡣

ϹɵʳģȻֱ񡣶òе㲻ԡ
ԣٲҲվڴ˿ǱߵģʲôʳģǵʳģǸ߶ȻʳġֻҪܹζʳȻõʳġ
˵ʲôӣ޷Ǿǲ
˵ô꣬Ҳã߲ˣζѵ´ôߣζҲƵģɣֱԵĶȴȫһ
Σÿһεζ˾޷ζǾ޷ġ
ʳô࣬ κһʳûôˡ񫡣
ԣ񫣡
ֱͲһˣֱڵʳÿһȥ񫣬ץ޷
ü̲סǰײ˵ĿڸкζԼһڼҸбĻظʡ
ȴ˵㲻ãǶԴͳʦ𣿡
߲ˣǸƷʵ߲ʳĶˣһ㣬ѵɵĿռ䣿ͻȻһˣøַʽʳ
٣ɫӡ
üȥôˣ
ˣʲôһۣ
ΪĻסֱ䡭
ǲ򵥡ʵĳʦôѡֱֱᣬôߣìܵôǿģңٻÿһǹìܵ㣡һ˼üͷҲýġ
ҪĳֱĳʳȦ𾪵ıֻǲ֪λʦĿ굽ʲô
һɲ֪Լ͹һֻΪ׬õֱ䣬Ȼ˿ˡ򵥡
֪϶߶Է̫࡭
򵥵Ŀ꣬Ҳһõ㡱 
ʹŹķţ΢΢˷ܣ㿴ȶȶˣ
ȶٸʲôãߣǰΣ
һ
һ뵽ʼ˵⻰ʱ¶Ƥûסĳ鴤һ£
ɣ㲻ֱǲҲҪԷ𣿡һ
ֻǶ˸Ḷ́ùԼ֡
°ͣһԼãȷЩ
һȶȾʹõ㣬ʱûУǿټְּ
ţɲ緲˵׻̫޴һ㶼ֲͣöļֵ
ԼŵʦһʳջʯѽЩͨˣ޴ 
һģĺöôõĵҩֲ壬ûԸõ㹺ƺҲȷܶǱ̫ϣôһĻƺҲˡ
һңҷ罻ϵĸۣⲻǡ
Ӧǻûü
ü΢ûü
ԣ룬ĺóԵôóԣⶫǰ˵עȻֻڳԵ棬ﻹܵ¶ҴҹرֱǵȻ
˵ͦܽܵģϾǿ佱˼΢΢𣬡˵Щ
ʳǰ棬ôܹ仹ЩûСʶˡ
ǵȻٲһΣһԣһ۾ˮײζȻãʵеˣزĳûоһ㶼ܱ
Сӳһʱ򣬸οοһÿջøֶҲǼ
ģΪ˱Ϊ͵ȥӪ
ûнӴЩһԶӪζɣӣһ࿪ʼһҲ޷ֱӪ
°΢̧ñҪЩ֪ԼĴȲǼ죬ͣһ죡ʲôʱ֪ˣٲ
һ
̲סϳʲô
Ǽ΢΢˶ŵ˹һϵζ㲻Ѿ𣿡
һһίûԱ
滰
°΢ָ̧ŲԶı䣬Ӫ
ˮ֮ǰ͵Ӫûг꣬Ҳõ㣬˷ѡ
ãֱ˲ã϶Ҳйһͬѧķ⣡
ϾչһĽֱӵô쾡£һɵģ
ìܵһһȱֵˣ
ԣãǿ϶ǹһĹ
뵽⣬ûסȥԼ̳ǵݣִ֪˲ʦ鵤
һֿ罻ϵȶȣ𣬱οһ㣬ٴֱΧۣʮֺѧӡ
ֹһ˵ģƺҲûеֱͨ䶼һ߿ֱһѰ˿ˣǻԾȲǺܸߣҲѡ
ֿ˿ԼǸֱˮ¼ԵģǷ˿ǿʼԶʱƺľûʲôӦˡ
෴ոսֱʱ򣬸ﲻһĹ͵˽
˼ѾԼĴ㡣
֪ʳֱ˵ʱĳط˿˸Сӣ˰ϣţ
¥иѸĳЧʮֺõ裬״̬ˣʧߣͷ۵֢״ڻ⡣Ƥֱǻһ۸ߴʮõһƳ̣Ķֱ˵̡
ʾԼ²ۣȴûв˼Լֹѵ뷨֮С
˵ ҹһƭĻкܶ Ǽ꣬ÿ쿴ţֻҪϼܲƷ֮ۿգȻŮ˵õĺ׬
涼Ǹģʮõ㣬¥ҲǮzz
Ǯ˵ǲϵ֮˰
ţڻżǧǰĳҽỴ̂ȻҲţǲš
ֻҪϼܣ꣬ƭҲˡ
Ľˣÿ켸ǧһõ㣬Ľˡ

ӣÿ罻϶κ˵ĹעɣȴһСȺľ޴𶯡
ȺԼٶ@Ⱥˣ˭¶ǵܣ
ǸӱתȺȺС㶼ˣ׷ʹǸĻ
һνϢȺٴǿޣ޷һܱй¶˸ûʲô¶ˣ
ѵ뿴۱ǸƯ˾᣿бò
ȺŮ˶ŭˣܣԾԲܽܣ
ߵϵԲܹй¶ֻǹĲ˵ȥ
ȣ֤ÿ⣬չûΪ׬õ㣬ڶٽԲܱ©Բܣ
Ⱥ׷׸Żظ̬ȳϿּ˳ʾ˶λǸ۵Ǵ𣬲ѣĹ۾ͲҪˡ
ŮӶ˼ðݣҲּԼԷĺùۣ˵ġҴ¡Էȴû˵ֱɾ˶Է
ȻǸָˣΪ²˰ɾˡɾˡɾˡɾˡ
һηǶ˲ٵۣ ѲɾŹɡ
ɾ˲źã˰Ը𣿡
Ӵ죬˰뱻˴ģֱ

ǸȰ˹۵¥еĻظۣòϣȷʵǱοˡ
ҾãʮƯҲǸС죬ǸѣҲǸС죬ȴԭʼʼ߲
ڵ۶ĳ£òϣ۶ҽƣʱеȵȸ涼ԶƫԶϵȽ
СͥףʮְԸݷǳ˽⣬ÿԺݳƷꡣ
ɣδ˵Ķܸͷ棡
ʲôЦ
ĺȥȰԷҵ˺ܶϸԷԷɣƫƫԷȰȻֱӻֱɾ
ɾԼ
ֱţƫƫԽԽǲģԼΪ˶ԷãһΪչ˶Էӣʮַģʮί뾡һа취ȰԷɶԷȻֱɾ
¿۶վһߵģɣɾԼؿڶһͲˣƫҪʵ߶Է
Ҫȥ裬Ż飬ۣϹ
ɣ죬Ǹ꣬ǼҵֻһΣ۵ʱƴԼⱲӵ٣Ҳû
磺
˰ôѣ

ǻһˣֻ¾ʹ˷ˣΪһôõʱ䡢ǲ㡣
ƫƫֲϷϳԿõ־Ƣ
£ǹۺȥ¶Էɼ˰Ҳٶ໰ƫƫԷ
ҪˣҲôִţһҲˡ
ƫƫȰ˱ڣҪͼ֤ԼǶԵģϡһ̣ԼҪ׵ĸˣ
ģ϶ˣ
ֱ˴ģݳƷ֪ٺöö죬кܶණȻҪȣԣȻʶ˲ٵĴġ
ֻǴʵõת˹ȥл˶ԷĴķãһ㣬ȻǱԼǹ۽ɵ˰Ҫߡ
˵죬ֱؿڣ޳ˣһһһҪú֤ǶԵģ
лҪ˵ǧװǸ
⣬һ飬Ʒʮֺֽ
Ǭ׶԰ 
ߣߵĹͷ
ؼ䵮֮ȴһı⣬ˮһС磬δ֪磬ĪһСѾͷ©
ʱܣǰ;.jpg
ȽȽû£ģְɽ񣬾˾ɽһΰٲİԣ˲ξȫҶ度ģҲ度dei
ʱܣͷֱ˵

30


ɲ֪, Ͼв϶ˮƣˮֱ齨˸Ⱥ, ϻ֮ǰȺ֪ͨһַ⣬ٽһ
ǲˮƵʱ䣬Ҳûʲô̫¶
ȫ, бϡ
ʱ䣬ָŹһ, Ż˽ׯ԰һɫЩ͵߲ˣѾɴĹ, üĿ֮Ҳ̲ס¶ֵϲãЩʱ, Ҳõġ
ֻǣܾ⼸̫˳̫, Լʲô¶, Ҫ˵ʲô벻ˡ
˴ʱ
, ƽ˿ûǹܸǴ޴ׯ԰
Ϊʲôڻûж
ĸҲŭ, һֱ, , ôңȥ𣿡
ѵͲҪǡҡǮׯ԰ǾͲҪǴѴѵõ㣿
ǣҪҪа취𣿣
Ҳֵ֪ôôԱ˳û¸ɣȻʼնǲϷɡ
ǽ׸⾯ֵ, ʲôԻǾ־ûͰ
ǣŲھֱӾٱֱ˵͵˼ҵׯ԰ֱŭ
ŭһϵƣٱ˭ùġ
ĸԲֵܹŵĲ´Ь ǿɲһǼҶδǵ۶ѧĸ߲ôЩϱ飿
Ŀ궼һģ¿϶ҪֻǻҪӳ顣
˵ׯ԰ҲʲôûУһʱƽ˾αΪһʱĵʧٵ˳õأ
ƽ϶ǽ֮ɫǵȻ֪¶ǣⲻǼǲò
̵ʼղۣûµĻԴ
֮ǰЩ߲ȻСĺܴ󣬶ңʵЩ̰ģǰڸ̫Ķȥ
ң߲˲Ķʱ̣ٺõ⣬ٺõıʼҲѾͷ⼸͹ȥ߲˽ټȥֻ»ᱻ˿
ңͲʵĶǩĺԼҪõˡ
ǵõöߵõ㣬͵⸶ߵ⳥
ܲ
뵽̲סŭ¶ǵùˣôôȱ£ֱ޲ֱ˼ҵ
ׯ԰͵øɸɾǽߵ磬δƻ
Է϶½½̳ǳۣʱתȻ׬һ㣬ɵҲǮ 
У粻˳٣£浱ʼû˷ׯ԰һ첻֣Ҿһ첻İ
ĸ˶һۣһ㵹ǲˡ
ƷʵĺöҪ˷ˣġҡǮ˭ܲǣҪǵķⱻ˵ߣǿˣ
ô죿ĸʡ
üɫ䣬û˵
ƽׯ԰뾡쵽֣ǻõֲǲõ㡣
ǲ֪ׯ԰쳣֪ĸ߲Ǵ˸ߵģĸʡ
ܹƷ߲˷ؼ۸һ㶼ˣң׬õʱ򣬹
Ƿ໥һۣɶɻǵҲûףǸׯ԰߹ôͳôƷʵġ
ɣֵȻô϶Ƕû⡣
ƽ˶һۣԷȻ֪Է̳ǵĶ۸ʱѾϵʣΪǵ쳣ӦǽֶĲ򵥡
ĸǳõй򣿡
Цһׯ԰£Ӧ˵öõ㹺򡣡
ǣĸüôõ㣿
һׯ԰ôõ㣬ΪʲôҪΪ£
Ȼʳļ۸񰺹õģֲȸ߲˵ׯ԰Ҫߵļֵ
ƽɫ䣬ʱׯ԰Ҫŵµģǲõ㣬ѵǳ
˵ûõ㣬ǹʲôСӻ﷭ʲôˣ
ĸɫȻˣ͵ǹвҽܵͼתãǿɲһ¡
һֱΪԼֻҪṩһѣڶԷҪеתƵϣɾ˦
ܣ٣ǳǹ٣
õ㣬룬ΪǶܿϵ۶ĴѧĿԳͷˣʲôЦڴѧķö֧Ų𣬸οǴĻҩףѵ߽⡣
ҪԽײ㣬϶ǲܵġ˵أ
Խײ㡱ĸ֣һһϣɫ˲ɷ׵ѿ
ǴΨһҵľǣûȫжϿԽײɣǼңǶڵʵѵõĻᡣ
ǣƾʲôء
Ƕô㣬ôɫ츳˲ڵ۶ϵԿԳΪһʵǿĳߣɣΪԭʼ򣬾Ӧûֻ
ôʵôȴӵһׯ԰ϡ
취óһõ㣬ֻҪܹ˼˼һ ûʲôأôˣ
˵ĸĶˡ
ЩʼֲģܵģͶôСʲôĻֵأ
ֵأֻǲǺ 
ץĸִһԣɫЩϣġ
ĸɫҲ̫ÿⲻһʣǻ̵ģʱ򻢳ɾҲûʸ۶ˣ
Сʮֿ϶
ĸһ£˻Ըǽ£ֻҪǾͿҵǶӲ۶ϵ
ĸһ£۾ɴЩҲˡ
ѹһ㣬õķʽһʧȥׯ԰޷㣬ǵĿʹﵽˣҲ˵ǲõ㣬ңܷ۶ϵ
ʧأ
˶٣ǲʧܡ
ǡ֣ܺߡ
ֻǱвȵģò
ĸ˸һ£СӸֵ˹ϵôã˵Ļֻ𣿡
֤ݡ漴ֲһ䣬ң˻ᱣǡСӵļ໤Ȩڹģǹ͹һСӡ
ĸһ˵棬Ǽûκεķա
յĽȴܻׯ԰ΪǵģСӻٵǶĿԿԽײ㣬ֱӽ۶ϵ
뵽һ㣬Ƿĺ˲١
һʱȥѰˣһʱȷִС
һ߹Ҳ˵ˣ⣬ΪˮͻȻѡ
յٱдڴ߲ˣǴжһ£мǲ֡ 
ˣǻתָˡ
ңǸݵ飬ϵǻĿĲп֡
̲סĺһжˣǲףȵÿˡ
Ѿʱˣ֤ҲѾյòࡣԷﻹһ߲ˣҲԸṩһİЩ֤ץˡ
㹻գǱץ֮󣬻ṷҧʱǾ㹻ֱ֤Ӷ
ȴҡͷż
һԱȴżˣôͲżˣ
֮ǰΪֶûȫҲû㹻õʯɲһʮõĽԼׯ԰Χһ飬ΪľҪײ
ò׶úˣԷȴˣǿɲС
ؼǣֻǵԣרߣж೤ʱ䣿
永Ƚϴٶ嵽ʮꡣˮƶ˶ٵ
𣬡д½أ
½飿һҾԲд
Ƴ˱˵ܵһۣǣȴд
һʶҪͻȻʶνĹˣͲǵĸףǶ˫̥ĸס
ɫ΢΢˱䣬ңǸȨܶණǿԴġ
д½飬Σֻ⳥
һС⳥񹮼ҵƷ˵㲻ʲô
ˮ̾һҲ֪˼ﵽ׷ʲôǣӵֵطū۸ɱȻûܣ֪е⡣ 
ɣҲûа취顣
ü΢΢һ̧ԣżץˣȻҪץУźö
˵һˣˮƶУ̫Σˡ
ƽ˲Ʋ磬ƺиףԼΣգΪץˣ㡣
ܻ㡣ҡͷ
⼸Ψһ֪Ǽׯ԰Գߴ߲˵ˣ֪֮ǰû쳣
Ǻ׽Ϣй¶ڵĹˣ񣬵ʱ򹮷Լֻ鷳һ鷳ϡķԼ£ŵԼ͹ͬʱꡣ
ǣ20꣬꣬һꡣ
ɲ¸ףӦýߡ˳Ȼ취׻Ҳ޷ϵ۶Ǳߣץסλ˵İѱΪԺĸȨ׼
Լһǰհԣ
ˮƺ͹һͬ⣬Σգ̫Σա
ܷ
һֱӳˮƵˮ㣬ֱץҲðա
ˮƸҪͷ˹һһۣȻˮƵͻȻáŶ衯Ҫ½ûа취ṩ
ˮֱӴϹĻϵı鶼Ҫˣԣ
޷ṩ㹻裬ֱӶϻţ϶ᱻֵŮͬǴ
ûеڶܣ
΢ЦĿȥ𣿡
ˮƣ
˿ˮƣʱԴҼңĲһӦÿԷ˰ɡңаٷְٵİնԷ໥ҧõе֤𣿡
ˮûУɣṩķҲԲˮҪܵġȥһͼùһȰһȰ
ֱӿһϳʲô
һ
˵һ˵ã˵ֻÿӪҺˡ
ˮƻҪǿ취ļֵӲӲðգˣ
⻰˵ã΢΢Ƭ̣ô㱻˳ëˣôţƺеӡ
ǣҲûðգҿˣΪ޷вԣⲻðա
СǺģҪģôԼôԼСС
ˮƣ
һ
˶һĿŹϾʵȼһòϣɵʱվǰʱ򣬵ȷԵøߴ󣬿ɣֻһѧû
ˣӣڽ֮߳ׯ԰ҿͬǵķ
һˮһ£û׹˼
°΢̧߳ȥׯ԰ҾͬǵľҪ󣬲ְɣ
ֻ߳ȥǣˮʡ
ҡͷҲǣ߳ȥǾӮˡ
һùǷˣá
ˮȴһɺͲȷΪڵԣܾûйֶΣ
ɿŹı͹֮ǰ˵ĻڣΨһֹܹģֻһˡ
ң弶֮ˮƾԼǸй٣ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ңΪ˸ׯ԰İԣׯ԰ĲãǳϤòܹʲô֣Լׯ԰ȥ϶ǲġ
뿪ǣٸ˹һĲһӣʮӣСʱ
ˮƣ
ԼһЩĴ󺰣ǣһɨƽ̯ĵأˮƿһֻһЩʮָ߲˵һˣһǻʽġ
ˮͼƽ⣬ǰСʱ
۾󲽳һߣͼԼеעȫֱߣԶ
ׯ԰ٴҲûжֱ߳ȥҲǼٶȿ죬ֻҪĿǿֻҪߵий٣ţһߵȷķ
Ͼֱֱ߻صԭ㣬ԣûΪôһССׯ԰ֱӿס
ҿǣʮӺˮһ̾һʧˡ
ۡ 
ˮϻЩµģʵ޷ģȻʧˣ
һе˼άȴɲУôأ
ͬһٻףֱһһȦƫƫׯ԰ھȻסˡ
ƶ˶ЩԥҪҪ׷ųɣԸķ䡭
ˮƴͷɥҷ
ԣˣ廷ЧˮƵΧ
ˮƣ
ǵ ĳ׵ˡ
Ϊһ弶ߣˮƻһԼĽׯ԰ȥ뾡һа취֮ɳȥԣƽֵҲãҷҲգԳȥ
֮з·һŨɢΧȫı䣬ˮǰкǿζУȻһӳǰΪԼѾߵӺԶĵطȻûС
ֻм֮ң֪Լ߹ԶûһķΧ
ڹһѾڹԱߣͬһ
Ȼ䣬糷˳Ȼׯ԰ȴ˿֪
ˮƣ
ѾۣѾԼţֻһֱǰߡΪʲôһ߲ȥ
˵ǽ𣿡
ôһ˲䣬һˮƷ·𶼸֮ܵ쬵ģҲһ
лҪ˵һ˾ǧңӴ~

31


һСǰ׵, ԥԥŻŵ, 棬й𣿡
ԭʵһǲйֵģΨ壡ѧ壡ԭһҲôóԵʳҲôЧǿġ衱, ʱ۱߸Ĵ̫֮, žû̫ĸоˡ
뵽Լոׯ԰ػôΣһɫҰ, ȫǾ֡
ʲôӵģǲĺͿֲƬһ
ˮҲһţ˵, ĿĿŹ

ǽǹ
һˮһʮֻɵĿ⿴򹮷ûд˵еĹ, ôôһׯ԰ô߲ȥ
һԼ, ˮʲôȼ弶Ǽߵȵĳ, ҲûмȴֱӿССׯ԰ڡ
ǽֻһ˵, ˵, Ȧ, ޷߳ȥ˵
ûйˣˡǴﵽԪӤ, ʶɳϣʲôġ
ˮ޷š
Ҳûټͣü΢ԣҿԼ𣿡 
ˮƣоԼ׽ȥˣƫƫû֤ݣңóϣ˵ȷû⡣
Ӳȥˣҷ޸ǿ϶ùûа취
һӣ¾ǲݷˣңûз̫ע棬õʹ;ʵ̫࣬áҲҪúĥ׬Ǯ֮
Ľ裬ԼλһҲҪúάûʲôҪıģûŲã
Уἰһ㣬ˮƲ˻ѷεĺ

һһվ˹ǰ棬һ˵ǳ¶˰ɣȻˣȻŹʵǣҪۻǺ˰
һˮƴٶܲһ£ȺŮ˶ҳˣ
һ
ˮ̲סĿ㲻֪ǶҪҳˣѾΧֿƣǡ
ЧĶôܲصסֵŮԶΧ⣬ֵС֮ߵôܲʣһסѹ
Ҫǣ˸Ⱥ˶棬Ҫ˶Ᵽܣֻ»ᱻˡ
һĲ̫԰
ⲻУ϶ȫЩ⡰͵ϡĶϣɣЩ˾ȻǶĵҩ
õ㶼⣬ҶŵģͿʲôʱˡ
õ㡱ԼΪˡЭһ¡
Ҿ΢΢ġ
ˮһȻһĿûʲôƷ
ü΢΢̧̧ʣҪʲôƷʲôЧģ
ˮƱôһʣȻЩ¡
ʵŶŶˣƤ״̬úܶࡣҪٱÿҲУݵʹã̲Ѫ屾״̬ҲȽϺá
Ҫ򣡡ˮ۾ˣõ㣿
ü΢΢˵Ч̫ãͽ׵ĳ߻ȽҪ
ݲ䣡ֵȼԱ𣡡ˮ۾⣬õ㣡תˣ
һŮĶô
Ǯ;ͦģͷ ĥĥʱ㡣
ˮ۾ˣҵ㣡
⼸Ҷҷޣʲô£һἰʱ֪ͨ㡣ˮἰ΢ɫ֣ʱǾֵҲ棬һΣգ㲻ܳǿ
Ӧ£ȴﷸֹһֻ²ʲôֵˡ
ϧò׸󷨣ûЧ
רѡ˺ԺĲֿһ£ңĥӦôµ衣
ͬ˵ģõݣȻŶ֮Ѫݣա
ǵúܶʦ㶼ĥʱʦƺ˵˸ʲôʱС˼ûзû̫ӡ
һԱҲ
Ƴһۣô
һʵʣʲôʱʼоЩʲôʱ˸֪ʦʲôʱôණ
ͻȻ뵽Լôûйעѧϰ
ĸ׶겻ڵ۶ϵ׸Ǵע͹ϵҲãÿܼ档ʲôʲôسʲôʵ֪
ߣĲֱ𣿡
Źһݹԣֺĸ£°΢̧һ
뵽ֱ뵽ЩΡѣ
Ʒʳأ޴ķ˲ˣؼǻǮǮ⹮̣
˵߶˵ĶôŹӦأȻҪ
ѧһʣӪӦ
һЩģֱҲûʲôԷô֣Ҳ֪˭óЩ˸ֵΧˮһΧǡ
ֻǵĹһҲȡˡ
ڣԼԡٹȵζҲ̫⣬󷢴ȱȥˣˮƬƬ²ĸ߲ζڸвζ࣬һ˳˴İ׷
һԵͣ˫۷⣬˶ܲѵģѾޱײеķ˿Ѿһˡ
һʱ䣬ֱԹһεķ˿ʱ޿̵ĲڹעǸֱϢ
ɿһ죬˵ûпԤʲôĶûС
˶ˣôһΣǲ涼ˣͲˣ
ǣͻȻԹôóԵĶȻһǣԺȻûлٳˣ̣ṵ̂
ǣΪֹûκ֪κιֱκϢ
罻ը˹һţȴԴûκΰ취
ҲʮֲͷܲܰĹԷ£һӺ޲ÿʮ飬ʾܰˣõô
ŭĿһۣɣֲòϣԷ˵ģȷе
ɣעֱ䣬ҲѣҲûйԡ 
Ϊ﷢
˵ǲΪá̫ˣʡ
ͷô֪
һٸ٣ԼȴҲ̲סԣֱ俴ûпûи״̬ûԤ档
ֳɣ˵ǲǲ²ĿģЧãûд
˵᲻ĳģԺټ
˵˵˰죬ԼҲ˵ȥˣһݺ̾һꡣ
ԴӳԹֱ߲֮󣬱¹ܳʲôûζͬȻʳĵİײˣ֮ζȴرȫûпɱԣ
ֻɬ⣬ûûζѵࡣ
˸֮䣬ôô󣿡

յһקǰĲ̣ɣһӳȥ̲סգ˵ĺҲ⡣
ʳĵĴҲ˾ˣʳĻôټƷͷ㡣
ϴʳ⣬͵߲ˣǱˣܺׯ԰˽ãԺҲȶĸߴ߲Դˡ
ĿͿԼĹԣһԹٺõʳôҲλʦ֮һ
ӣɣԹķ֣Է˵һëûС


32


ˢøж, ˢ顱ҷ޻˿֪˷ܵ׼ŽĻ
ҷ֮ϵ, Ǳ߶µٶѾʮֲ⣬õϢ֮ԳƬ̣ͬˡ
衱һõҷ޶ˡ
, ũϵԭʼɲ۶ϵﰲȫָ, вп٣дõ, Ǽʺϲĺܡǿ϶ᡮѡСҪעⰲȫġ
ֳɵıڡ
пûκε, ֵܾͲһˡи߶ʳĺʹõĹ˵ǿǡ⡱
ͨѶͷʮĹҶͨѶ
ĸһۣϲɫ
, Ǹ߶Ȼʳĵׯ԰ǵˣǶҲѧ뵽, ˽ܴڵзն֮ԺֻĿ˷ܡ
, ѾȲסƽ˾׼жˡ
˵, ֮ǰĺԼ, ֮ǰôġҡǮ, ôġ뵽˵ĻɣǾ͸ˡ
ǸոжǱҲѾõϢ, ˮҲܿﵽֱ˹ߣȹһҪš
Žųӵˮƣ
ǹ߻ɣ
ˮƻŻŵȥԼǹֱǵһβμ
òġ񡱣˭Գ£ܳ£
ôһ룬ѹǺܴġ
һǵžˮƵ⸱ģɢˣ̲סǳ鴤ôˮƱȹ׵ӣٿҲáΣղ絣ǹ߻𡭡
ˮһ侲̲ס̾
ͲҪ£ʵڲף̫Σˣ
ôܾκΣأ
ǶѵѾׯ԰Χע⾯䡣
ˮɫʱ˼֣Ҫж
ȻŤͷһνȫϣϣ
һ˷ܵĿż豸֮еĸ𽥿ⶫĺܺãȻûκʶͷܼ⵽еطңģǸ

ۿһߵſڣˮƻڷˣ 
ˮƻӴΣպܴǰҹ뻹ЯѾʵʩץٿԵһʱ䡭
ԭЩüĿһôͶء
ˮƣ
һ
ȻѾһʹģɣˮƻǼֵ
Ҫˣüë
ˮҲżˣٿһ£
ֱƽԱߵĳҿǵĺˣûиźţ׼Ȼϻ£
ˮƣ
һŹһɳϵ˽
ĸѱ湦ʮֵλſţװʮֽţʲôǼҲӭǣ
С㣬һҪ
ûʲôġһҲЩˡ
ƽ˾Ͳ̫ͷˣţֱŶ룬վڹһǰ棬˵Լ󣬿ǰĸˣ΢΢ƲƲʵ̫̫ĸһ𶼲һˮƣȴĥĥĵôʱ䣬˲⡣
ʲô
˵Сׯ԰ƻֲֲׯ԰ǰС΢΢⣬ЦôСӾӵһӲĶ
ͷֿ˿ԱߵĸԼֵܣʮֵ
ɫʱһֲֲһƬģҲֻ˷ѣǸһõ㡢𣿡
áͷ
ĸ
ԭż˹ôǷĻֱǹָ˹Сѣ˵ʱٿڣ
һɫһ䣬Ҫվڹǰ棬ѹü򣬲׼Ҷ˳ɨһͷðˮơ
аɣǳõ㡣Эˣֻʵܡ
ԭΪӦǻֻţ£ɪɪ˾Ȼô̬ȣֵܺҷ򸾶쳣ŭͲ
ܹƹǴӦ϶ǾҪͨƵֶΡ
ʮõ㣬㹻ũϵѧҵĸ΢˶٣ڵԼׯ԰ֲֻʼղϵĿʱ򣬹һСүֻڵѧУ
Ͷ䣬һŵĿǰˣҪڵĻ ո˵õ㣿ôû
ĸʱȥ˵ʮ򣬹Ȱ㲻ҪƲԳԷƣũǣɲǱĵط
ϴЩ˼ǣǻֱϷƣʮõһʮĶׯ԰һСɽĵǿˡ
ŵˮ̲סǳ鴤¶Էֱӱˡ
ĸɫȻѿõ㣬δ
˵꣬ʮϵĽǹָ˹ͷϡ
ˮҪʮ֡⡱ɨһ۳ˮҧгݵֶ˻ȥֻûëҪˣ˻ŵһ
ĿĶƽ˵Ķ
ĿȴһֱƽеǹߣҪˮƲڣͿԲûõ㣬ɻǹһѣң˵ƽֵлһ̨ϵĻףҪܿ
ˮˣ̫ϧ
̬Ǳߵ˶ͷˣʱʵǽȣǲҵ󣬱ϾСӺ;˵ĹϵʮֲҲ֪ǻ᲻ᱻ֡
һקק޲ðˮʱĺ
̾һǰˣ
ǵɵӺ壬ʮõʲôһƿӡֹˣ˵̲꣬סʣл𣿡
ҲֻϼıȽϺ档
Էлףǿһʱ䡣
ƽЦһֻƾ㣬ûǸʸҵĻ׳֡㣬ͬǩˡ
ĸеĺͬڹǰЦһȰϽǩũϵĵطǼʺǱȱȽǣһʲô£ǧС㣬ү˵ֻǲ̫ɣ
˿ͷϵļߴʳĵмУҲǱȱȽǣǿǿգмꣿ
ԭʼǻΣյŵʲôطūǣǣǱߵû̫ǼʺǱߣ˵ҲǱȱȽǣǶӦҲԵ۶˰ɡ
ŲھġɫʮѿķӦȫǵ˼ΧڣǣūšǿɲǿЦġ
ô١
ЦеǼĸʲôȻô
ֵܶʱҷޣ˸ĿڵٶȿǺܿ죬ûˡ
ͷˣֱеǹԼָŹׯ԰£ǣĿɲǣС㣬Ȱ˼
Ǽĸеڿ̱Ҫǿеׯ԰ֻϸʮõ㣿Цеģٽߵ˵Ǽʺıֳ˶õ㣿
оߵֵ˿񶼲ˣɫһţǰϾɵǹȻ˲߻ˣ
ûСǹ˲;ˡ


33

33
һǹ֮, ǹ죬ԼŶ
ˮƴҴҳ, ȴһȻ
һҲ֪ʲôʱֱӴǰ棬ڹǰ棬ŵĹ, ΡΡ , û°ɣ
һԴ, ʲô¡
ʵ̫ˣùһԭǵֻŶɢȥ, Ťͷȥһ۾Ϳˡ
Ǹҵȫǵ˵ϣϺĴ㵱ҪŨڹ, ٺõ¶Ц⿴ǵϵˡ
ոյǹ, ǹ߻ֵһԼ, ˮƹһ¡
Ҳպ, ֻ, ôôأ
ˮƣ
ĸŷӦ, ֱԼɷ򣬡ôˣ
ĿĿֵܣǳ֪, Ӧǹ⣬ӦֵܻǶˡ
ֵܸǰͬʱŭĿҷ򸾡
ûб¶ǹָŹʵȴαװ߻һǹţ
ңڸոնֵʱ򣬼оһӵ룬룬쳣ֵҲԹͺޡ
ǿ϶ǹǰʲôǾģԼ˵¶ʱ϶Ŀܲҵ˻˭
Ǹǣ˵ǣ
Թ޵ڿ㼤
ˮƳ˸ڣҴҾֱӽߵĲŴߣԲ
⡭ĿŹ
һ޹Ŀȥʲôû
һЩţµĴ۲칮ı飬һԼǿȷû¶
һ±ƵĿŹ
ǹֱָŹŵ ߻ѵһ߻һƫպƫƵԼϣôôɺϣ
ǸɵӣֻҲ֪İɣ
ˮȴԼˣׯ԰ô߶߲ȥΪԼߵķǶԵġڷڵµλãŵϲдѪҺĺۼ
ԣһʼվŵλʵͲΪǸλãǹָŵĿǹʵҲһֱֻԼˡ
׹һ֮ˮƣٿ򹮷塣Ȼ֪ôģ̫ţˡ
ˮƵһ֤ˣ
ǵġˮʮֿ϶
ʣǣأҷʵ𣿡
̫ܡˮ΢΢һ²ʵʵ˵ֻܿҷôѡˡ
ҷ޲ɵӣȻѾˣܰ취ʵʵĽǶӿⱲķˡ
ңոЩݣҲﲻʳˡ
ֻ¶вˣǶӲδ
ͷؼģׯ԰߲˵ƷԱȽϸߣ᲻ᱻҷ򸾽Ϣȥ
ᣡйܺߵϢȫܣֻҪھһ죬Ǿ;޷ϢȥǼʱϢİѿˡ
Цˡ
ˮ㶣Ǹߴȵ߲˾Ȼǳģ
ף°΢̧ǰȻԼŵ
ЩǳƷ߲ˣֱ˵Ǿ޷۵ġ
ȫ̾ȣټųħǲгƷĶ
ˮһ仰ʱ˵ˡ
ϰ屨ʱһǿлᣬܹũһ취ǰ˵仰
ǣʱôÿ조衱޷㣡Ʒûа취ô˷ʱЩֵءϣ
ɣˮƻòڣٱֵߵĲǱ߿ũϵʮֳĲϰ壬ũϵʮֻˣ˵ûУ
һϵıЩһѾ
˵ؼǣϻҪԭ򣬿ɲͻǹ
һ˵ϹûС
Է˼㹺Ʒʵ߲ˣƷпɣũϵҲʮܺͶԷϵף˵Ҳһ¡Ȼ˵̫ǡԻᵢ󷲷ʱ䣡
ɡˮҲԭҲ֪ԼԼûκʸ﹮κξ
ֹƷпɣ۹ҲУǳʵ̫ˡ
һԱ˸ţȻ޷
һ
˺ŸңлԺ
ʵѾ԰Ӳٵط滮ֲҩֲ߹ģǣûн˼߲ϡ
ϾͦǮ
ɣܷͬһӣңԶӡ󣬻㲻ҲǲС
ˮ̲סԱߴԷ磬߲˹ϹĻرʵ̫ͣҶĶ㣬˵һ۸ġ
ԱŵĹһಷ賤ĸƷ߲ˣԼһġ衱̲סǳ鴤һ¡
ȻŮΪʲôԸ⸶
ڹ˵û̫ѵİɣ
ٿѾ۵һٰʮõġҩһãڹ˵߲ˣ裬Ӧöǻرʹ͵İɣ
ɲǣЩֱ˷Լʱ䣬̲סĿһ۹һ
һʶɪˣܾԼһ˶еţЩ̫õԤС
һֱˮ뿪ʱ򣬹һġ䡱һЩָԼǰһĺҩ裬ȫҪ
һ棬ɶõ㡣
Ȼһ㶯ɣһԼûбο
ǣ򼸸˰ɡ
ƳһۣЩԺǻ˵ĻǣԺ衯ׯ԰ֲ궼ĻԱߺúΧۡȻûʲô츳ǣɣġ
һһ𾪵ĿŹ
ͳѾ׼õĶҶˣ϶ѧҵȽæûʱңҲûϵʱĿҶ׼ˡ
ŹеӪһǻһ£ʱ䡭һ϶еģȻû츳Ǳȷɣܲ׾
һɣΪɣ
һһ϶Դǵ ȻᣬԸġ


34

34
ҷޱץϢ, ǵֱӴݵ۶ǱˣɫɷһƬ, дŷ
һӣȻδ궼㲻ȻԼ˾ӡ
ⲽھ֣ʦȥ, ҲݲϢ֪ǵױ¶˶, ʱ̲סζڣǱõҲǴ֤ˡ
, Ըδ꣬Ȼĳ̶ȣ
ԱߵС, ǻиӣϵҵľǵĶӣɡô
ôɫѿ¡
˻С, ɲ̫ô, Ҫ۶Ĵѧ
ﻪĴͳĲ豭ֱˡ
ҷֻźˡ
ҧгݣȥһũϵκλص۶
, 㿴Ŵ򷢡
ʲôõ, ʲôص۶ʸȵ, ֻҪСӻز, ʲôˡ

ũϵǱߣȴΡ
һʱ䣬ûеȵǸֱ俪Ϣ, һˣȴҲûκΰ취Ϊ¶ԷľһǵĿɶԶԷûκε֪
罻ƽ̨Ҫˣ񣬱˵ũϵѾв׷ʵ۶Ǳߣ֪ûʲôϢ
ɣһֱڣҲûκһҸκ΢мֵϢ
ٵôʧûá
һ뵽ԺܲƷζֻܿ˾Ͷˡ
񣬼ÿһʱƷ˶̲סĺڣôûʲôķʽһ¶Էע⣬ҵκһ˿һ֮
һ뵽ޱȵζпҲ޷Ʒ˶̫ˡ
ԱҲ̾ԭûλسʦĲˣҲܳһЩԱȽϸߵ߲ˣ񵹺ãǹӦƷľȻǸԵġ
ڣЩƽеζĶûˡ
㻹ûϵ϶ԷǱ˵û˵ô˼ȻûλʦľգʳﶼζͬҲ÷ֵȼǣ
˵ǰʱṩЩ߲ȻǸƷʵ
뵽£΢΢üҡͷʱûиһظ¶ԭͱȽУԷδػͬ⡣
ʳĴȱңǾԵгָܹƷʳĵԽԽ٣ĿǰѾԤ⣬ٹһǧʱ䣬Ѿ޷ٳֶʳģӵӰԽԽǵ۶Ʒʶήͽٽ͡
̲ס̾һʲôʱܹ֪λسʦ˭
ƳһۣŨŨıġ
漴ջ߼ԼǰһƷ֮̾һʮջ
ȣ
еףѾİ취һδεĳԣΪ峺ûκζ
ǣС
ȣǷӵȵȾζôϣҲ޷ȫڸǡ
ٸ⣬ϾûоöԳɹĥԼһ⣬ҪòܣλʦȻԸѡֱ϶ĿģʲôĿģǴӰֻǶԳʦЭʲô
֮΢΢ֻҪĿģҪǾмԵϣ𣿡
⻰ûסɫ΢΢һ٣ãĿʲô
ٱĵĿҪ֪һ

ũϵ߼ȫĥ⣬˶ܺ棬֪λسʦʲôĿģûʲô
Ҫģβλʦټʳֱǳһζ
ЩŬڲ£͹һҲһǳ
ǲ²˵
°ͣŹһڸ̳ӵȵȵطϢŽࡣ
ֱֻΪõ㣿Ϊ˴ҵϲ
ֱõĻķʽȻǴͣ
Ȼǵ˺ܼ򵥣ǹһͺ鷳ܲ򵥣϶˺ܶõɣһ֧ǣ
Ȼṩģ⡣
һֻצӶõ÷Ŭڸ̳࣬ȻЧʮֲ롣
üͷһĿ˽಻ԣ
⣬ûأ
һ涼²۵ģģĴϡһõ㣿
ϡ
벻Ҫõֵ׵Ķ
裡һ
еķ˿׷²ۣ˼ĴҪõ㣬ֱ˷ʱ䣿մﵽˮƽóʦȱõֶ
ĿΪʲô˶ȱõ㣿
ĺȱȱȱ
ֱΪõ㰡
һֻצӶҪˣԾûʲô̫ã˶²
еĹԶŭˣ
Ƴһۣ𣿡
һǸһλɣ
Щ޴̲࣬ס̾Щʵ̫Ѵˡ
ҾЧã϶ֱֱѣ˲˵һ£û㹻ԺͲˣ
б۳һۣһôΪôһǮƣôۣ
ʦ
°΢΢̧ţͷ
һ͵͵Ʋ죬ͷû͵͵Ԥ⹮ɶʱͷֱʱȴͣҵ˺ţ
ĥţСʱ򿴵ЩˣϷӵıݣȺﶼжڣ˿ͷʣµľˮˣ
ֻǣԼˣϷӡ촽ʮֲ⣬Ϊõ̫࣡
һ
֪϶ͷֻû뵽ͷ͵ô죬ô⧲ǡ̫йˡ
ǣһԼҲûй۰Ͱ͵ÿŹϳʲô
°ͣìܣ¶˵ʵһЧϾҲΪϴìܵѡĺãֺһƬϵҲǳָ߲¡
ֱķ˿˲٣ѵɣѵڴͷ۾΢𣬡⣡
磡
ЩɵмĶ߳ԵĶôһ㣡
˵ʲôˣ䣬ζĵǣǺʣˡ⡱ֱ롣
Ⱥ˶ʳ֪ǳֻǣôһѾ𾪡
ҪǳٵŨڸоѵĺô̬ȣ
϶һ㣬⣡⣡
ҪǶζľԾǻˣˣ
ҪݺݵǼʱڵĴͳʳҪ۷ӵ£ҪʼհռѰ񵥣
׬Ǯ׬һߺ
һ⡱ʶľȥ̿ˮġ
Ŵ΢΢ͣȴڼڸУŨ㣬ζֱ˾
ȥ׼ʳĵʱ򣬻ṩһ㲻Ҫǵ϶ͷˣ
˵꣬һӣȥԷԤˡ
һ˷ܵĲֱֱĲҪؼǣ⣡⣡                        
лҪ˵󼪣
尲
󷢲Ӵ

35


ֱÿж, ͼȥͳƹֻͳĳһСϵ, ǸҲ
ũϵ˵㲻ʲôõط
ġũ⻷ȥûԭĶ߹Ҳڼʮû, ԣϵ, ϵֱҲûʲôϡ
ɣĳһ, ϵĳֱȶȱˣҲ˿ϵܴﵽôȶ, 
Щ꣬ũϵвٵ֣ڳƤ, ϾһϵĶ, ֵǲһġ
ϵֻһƫԶԭʼϵ
ԼǼ໥ʱȵʱȴһֱճ
ʾǵ۶Ϣ, ֱȴũϵ, ֱͻȻ, еע
κһֱйϵϢֱܹ, 涼ֱѹԭڰϵκˡ
ֱһ伣죬ò۾΢׼ֱʱ, ũϵֱһ
һεըΪĳֱĿΪʲôͻ¼
ֻΪһֱֱԤ档
ڵֱġˮԼϹԵĳʾʱһ˲䣬ϵľϲ·ŮӦԼһ㡣
¹Լͷϵʱʲô£Ƕͷϵȫ£һ˲ӿֱ䣬ĿϲɫֱԤ棡
ֱ䣬ֻǷ˼򵥵µԤ棬㿪ֱֱûᣬȴѾΪ֮ˡ
˶ϲõļҪϲɫ
קߵôϲ֮ãҪˣԤˣֱĿҪȶĿ𣿡
¹ʲôĿģֻҪֱлټԵֱʳⶼ
Ҳһϲɫڶ˵뿼ǶԷķʽʳģȵȣҪоĶȥˣǣ˵ЩͶˡ
ĥģģǵҲֻһζ
ֻҪóԣٸںʲôʳģʦ˭ʽΡ
Ʒֻһ㣬ζ
罻ϵЩ˵һֻҪŪõġʳ¹ʲôʳ ʲôʽֻҪóԣǾǺóʦʳġ
һۡģɶһĺȴĥˡ
һӻôʱֱķ˿Ҫ´ˣôܲջ𣬲ż
ʱֱԤ棬͸պÿһϢʱ˫۾ˡ
⡯Ϊ˽һԶŻĻʲô˲Щʳƭˡ
˰ɣΪԼʲôԵˣ
׷䣬ͷֲ嶫ˣΪԼЩʳʳ
Ȼǳ
ЩƵ۲һ㣬罻϶졣
Щ˿ԷĺһĹ򣬾Ľһζѣһջȶȡ
һ̲סԱզ࣬·𿴵Լ걻һĻңҡ
ô˲Źĳأ
뵽̲סĶ˶٣ЩΣǵһɹյģʱȻɹҪ뵽һ㣬ʱһھΣȻ۰Ͱ͵ܵ˳Źҿ԰ʲôæ
࣬ж õ㡣׷ϴˣȻΪûи˵ʡ
°΢΢̧ţԼǿҲ
һ
ϣܹ΢һ㣬ȻʮֻԼ緹Щ
ǣŹͷϵĶһ̲סϲǡϲǣϾζͳ֣ǳǣζʵ̫ˣЩ˿һΪעڳϣֻ񲻴ͣ鷳ˣ
΢˳ɣֶ˶٣ҪȻǿ֮΢ͣͣٿʼߣҪֱϳƷһ̣
üͷţʳƷʳʵһܣʱ䣬Ӱ춫ζڸУӰ칮飬ͲǺܿˡ
һͣǴ㿪ʼͿŽ֮һҪһʱǽƷ㹻ʱȥ
°΢΢̧̧ƺҲЩ
֣˹жõ㡣
һɫ΢ϲʱ䣬ָŷ˿ܹϵˡ
ȻҲûԼְ𣬸Ͻȥֱ罻ƽ̨ȵȵطʼ֡򹷡ۣͼһ
㣬ڶ°߷ڣ˶ֱ֮ǰķ˿ﶼ£ʱһϰһӿֱ䡣
Ļˢķ˶ڱԼǻǹ޴йļ˷ܸС
Ȼûпʼҷ·Ѿŵδǹ㡣
ԶŻʷϽ⡯ζĺڴ
⣬ʡ͵ֳ廨⣬޷¿ڡ
ʳķ֮ߣηҲֱƭƭˣƫƫˡһʳǧ֮һϻĿܣֶ䱻ʳǴ
ԭֱ֣Ϊôһ仰ʱһƬž
ϰ˵ֱ䣬һ̣ûһ˿ڣ˵
ǡǡӡʣǵһÿһ
Ȼ˶ףλسʦôȥǹȳɣЩֳ⣬ƷʵӣϸۣķҲǰ㲻٣ʵ磬ûһ٣Ǽ˵ǡ
κһˣǶʱ˿̣ûа취λֱ˽з
ɾʱֱͷһλӦˣģûκ仯ĵֱ󣬽ͳݡ⡯ֱ˿ת齱ϵͳƽ̨ѡлл֧֡
һ˺һŷӦʲô˼
ȥʵе˵ǹıġǶڹһ˵Ҳ⡣
ζ㣬Զûа취մߣǸ˶֪šȡġӡ
Ǹ߽޵⣬ڳ˵һ־޴⣬˵ǵӵĴԴʡ
õĳʦԲܽʳȾǵĳ
һοùŹֵߣʱ򣬹һҲǵһų⡣
һΣÿʳҲԼı仯Ե֪һҲԶţ⣬Ȼζ⾹Ȼá
ɣڣһŲ˿ŹĿ⣬ֱˣһ᲻ãִŨŨζ
ȣЩʳ̳ǳںķǷʲô˵
ڶ°Ҳ̧˺͹ͬǶȵġЩ˵ȷй޴ȻѾֱôô©
̲סֿ˹һۣãǲǻϴ˵ġۡìܡ˵
ѡֱʱֱǰųǴš⡱۵Ĳۡ
Ȼںӷųɣֱ䣬žʱֱذը
룬ͷѣˡֻǿϧݺ⣬ʵá⡱ֶж٣ǾԾԳԲ壬ҲӶġ
ȻǹһһֱһӾͷˣ                        
лҪ˵ѧЯףװĶǣڼڣƽ֣ͬʱܰѴϴ  ͨ پۼ
ȫԶҪգ
쿪ʼȡдһ㣡Ŵڼ￴С˵ţͣ

36

36
ӡ޷, ǶϣҲ޷һ㡣
еġӡԶֲҪ, ǲݱ粵ġ
ڴ֮ǰз˿ıܿ⣬ɣҲǿ͹۴ڵġ
ζٺ, Ҳòϣ, ֱֻƷ, Ϊӡ࣬档еλõ, ԲĶ
ɣ˵ʲô
Ҫг齱ͳݡ⡱һը˹, 
#˵ŲҪ, ȴܳʵ#תң
#׿̸Զˣå#żһ⣬Բ, ת, ң
#ʳǴ, ѲҪ, Ż#תң

ת+齱ǽʾ֭ĥŸ˵
ֱĻҲһ˲佫֮ǰǸ, ԼǿӡҪԵڸ˹ȥ
ӡȷˣǣһôܰ
ô㣬ôţôζĶԼǰҴҴǿ϶
ǣǵһ仰еģ׿̸ԡˣå
һٵʳԭͲɶ£˵ʳϡӡļԭ涨Χڵġ˳ԲȻֲʱʳʳӪ
ʱ˿ֱ̣ڵˣЩӣЩƲסԼǴ֣һת齱ˡ
һ⻹ĳԻˣ
ҪԻˣǻ϶Էǻˣ
ɣԲһʳڣֻҪһ;޷ֿ
һΣڹһۿŵ£ֱӽԼѰס£һˣѧһ۹ʽ
̲סǳ鴤Ҳ֪ǿ乮ѧϰǿӦǿ²۵ĺá
ǣ뿴ĻЩϱģ
׿̸תԣʣµЩӴí˾ҪȥԡӡĨǡ
ǣҪ֪һõ֮󣬵һԵǵЩ߲ˣĥŲ˹ĸֶ
ֵĲԽùһĿ࣬ӦҲЩ𾪵ġ
뵽һ㣬һ˶õĸо
ɲô࣬еԩһΣû뵽ʲôģϾԷȻɣͳ齱ͳȥǲ 
ֻҪͳȥ˳ˣ˵Ȼǲơ
ἰһ㣬ֿ˹һһֶۣҪĺãһʶǿ㣬һЩʳģҩģӵĻҲ˸˰
һһ£Сôˡ
˸΢Цʾû£Լ׼õ廨˳
Ҫ˵Ȼõ㲻ɱóһ㣬ıˡ 
ֱֺóԣΨһĲãҲЯЩħҲʶ޳Ҳ͹ˡ
һɸɾġ߲廨⣬Ȼͨ˵ʮ֮һֱ̫ʡǮˡ
ûٿֱۣʼ⣬΢ͷһͷλã廨ϴ֮պ˹Ƥֱ涼һսζ
ԭķ˿һ±ƣķ˿ǻ⿣
˵ǿܲţ⿷ʽҲᡣ
ϣһա

ɷ˿Ȼ£ҲԲ˵ڮ١
Ƕ٣νӴֱʳȻÿһε⿷ʽʹõʳĺ϶ǵϣζȴûһʧ
һȻ֪سʦһΪʲôȴҲǼᶨƵıʾţô˵ɱҲᣬǳʦûʼɣôܣôʳЭĻ᳤
ϣbbֱӿֱۡ
һԭһ࣬Щ⣬żһñ6ˡ
һֱ䣬ŬҪĥԼ࣬жĵһӦôͿѾոһϴɾʼĵˡ
һŵġԲֱۡˢֱ䡣
⵶Ҹ666
һһ²ŷӦʱ򣬶ɾƯգ۵ĹѾĳ˴Сһ־ȵģˮУ˼˶ʶĵϿʼ
һߣʼɫǺˮڹһɽɫζ̲ס
ζҡͷֱ˵Ǻһ;ۣҲ̲ס΢΢׵ͷسʦѡõԭ廨⣬䣬ûиԣ֬ûȥټôǡ
ȻپԲϳԼλسʦӲгʳǵĺ棬֣̽оѡ
񶨣ǵɫ
һ죬鱻Ũɫˮ֮зÿһɫʮʳֱԭעҲתˡ
ɲô࣬ԱץһСһˮ
ֱһˡ
˶ɫɣ£ǡ裿
裬߶ƷǹҪϵرòܼƲյҲԽԽ٣òҲмС
һʱ֮䣬ֱһƬž
öƷʳ⣬ûһΪܱ¸±ơ
ѷǲһĶ¶
ˣ
ŨŨζɴսȴܸܵǱݺõĲˮǹ㣬Ƣ
㣬΢΢żɬʣ㣬ż˶֪Ӧʳĵһ֣̲סһڣһȥ΢΢ɬĲˮӿǻ븹ǹƢζҪ˵궼ϴһһ
ôµˣٺõĲ裬˵ҲõĸƷѣСɰڷźϣԼһ飬һݺõĲˮ˽ȥ
һΣֱĺҲ˵ˣĺò衭гֻҲңʦȻĲһ⣡һʵʳģʳ
ƢĲˮôһϣһԼۣۣۣ
Ҳ̲סǳ鴤ҲЩۡ
ͨѶ֪ϺõĲ򲻵ĺö֪ܲǣλسʦõϵôһ裬ƽõġ
΢࣬ظʵζԼּϴ͸ж֪Բͨ衣
ֻǣ뵽λسʦһƷ༫õĲķ֮ĳƷһ䡰ǲֻʻȥ
Ȼֱ˴۵ʱȻûϵ費żȻ
λسʦ֪ĶһС߹ޣ߹޿ͨϸȴܿʮֹӻһЩƼ򵥴󷽣ϸǱζ
ҪǣӿٵǰϵӰɣ
ֱһټž
ֱȸҪɣ߹޵ÿһ˿ϸڶоһ顭
λسʦǹӸƿһ˵ô˳ľôûһ˳
һ˲ֱ˶һɲ̫õԤС
лҪ˵жܱȽˢ~

37

37
Ļһ˲伸Ҫˢ, ס֣
Ҫ
𵹣
Ҫ̣ƿƣ

Ļһ˲һһ , ȫǷס֡
һ˲һΪʲô캦ٵ¶
ſ֮еľζ, ȷʵͦŵģҪ˵, ŵŵĳ̶ȣԲ, һδ꣬ûôӴƾĺĲ
ֻ֪, Ƶɰ֮ú㣬ζ
ȻûܽյѵԹ, ôеС߹㵹, Щȥ
ˮ˲䣬ֱ䶼ŨŨľ, ɾ, ϲ, ˳
˴ֱ, ʶıۣ쳤һǹŨľ, ޲þôһֱӷԼڱǣǹɾܳ
һֱЩǲʶϣϹ֮ǲѹٿسʦѾһС޵ľƲ۾ˣһ޲ֱǰСɰոյǵƵ
ǳǹɾ㣬ȻȥƷһǾƵζ
ȻسʦСҪһСʱӣԵټ
һ֮Ա߲ˣơ
ԣˣ£۽һǸλãüͷøˣȻڶֻǵļͶѡ
βǿʱ䣬ӦҪͳȥ⣬ؿڣͻȻҲܵһ˿˿ۡ
˿һƣ΢΢գգЩˡ
ڻҪСһСʱԣɻɣԼֱۿҲߵȵһСʱ
뿪˳ֱӳŹһȥٸһһСʱʱ䣬һڴڼ価ЭһġǣЧɲĻ̧ۿ˹һǡ
һŹԵֶ̲סĲ˲ۿŹôһ㿿оԼʱŵһ
ѹͣңҡ
Ѿ˵ˡ˵£΢Ц
һøˣ˵ԼġжòرְĴԼԼԡԤû̫İգ֪᲻ᡭ
ǡº͡Цݻش
һ
ĬĬͷʼŬŬȺ￪ʼж
Ȼõ㲻࣬ҵ⡣
ֱڣϡᵽЩ㣬ȴЩĴ񣬴ûйôһ̵֪TMţ㲻̣ȥһ⣬㣬ֻǷôһСţܣҲһ죬һ찡
һŬô࣬Ҫһõ㰲οһ£Ҷѽ
ֱڣȻŨҲûа취ڸǹ嵭ŵĲ㣡ţ߹µĶƷôܱʳ̣
һŬܰΣһлƷôõʳ
ֱڣ˵ǿܲţԼŨľ㣬΢΢Ĳᵽһ˿ζ
һò㽫ԼͷϵĹˣⲨʵ̫ľˣһ뷨̫࣬ߣĻ硣
һð˿ȴӲ磬һǸЦԽԽ˹ŵĺˡ
ôһġ⡱ûзӳκζ֮еľ裬Ȼôסǵע
Ѷֱͨ豸޲ֱǸССɰۿһƣһộ
ŬñǻȥССɰǵдľͲ㡣
һ
һ㣬ɰľͲǲڼġһҪһ£취Լжĳְһ㣬ɰͿʼŨ
Ŵ²ǹζӿǼ᲻÷ˡ
ٺͶԼֱڵһ۾ˡ
ζˡ
ԼԶСžžǴ
˵ǿܲţ 
ȻǾǾǲʵǱ̣ˣɣζĺ㣡
Բұˣĺ㡭
λسʦûκζֻζѵΪЩ;𣿡
żֳűǻ֮ǹζûǻشٵĻƺͲȷȥζǣ¹ʱ򣬲Ӧ˵ֱոտʼʱŵκһȳζȡһ⣬ڹһԡ
ĿתĿǸɰǼⲻʱʶͼѰҳܣȻûУûС
ܹŵƺмϣھͲȻǺԣɸŨζשߡˡ
ɣĥģ⵽ôûڵأ
ȻܡӡǷڣ٣λسʦѾһֿȥζķʽ
ǡ
ЩˣжٳߣÿΪҪҪʳöٸ߽⣿
Щζ˶鷳ѽ
ַڶġߡ˵ɲǼ򵥵¶
ңһ⡣
ٵĿҲͣڶϣ˶һ Ĭµĺ˶ʱ˶Է룬ֻʵ̫ˣ˸˵
˵λܹ취ȥڵζζЩӡǷ񻹴ڣǷ񻹻дأ
˵ЩȵĹֻ֣ûһ˸Ҷڣ˵
Ҫ֪ʳСӡʱλسʦǹɵɲǼٵġ
뵽඼һ
һСʱԼ˵̫ˡ
˿˿ζʵ̫ˣԽԽŨЩľͲ㣬ζǴŵĹһ˱ǻꡣ
£ǹһҲû˼ûʲô̫õġжСһСɰ
ǱǶ˺üγþ飬֪ζ㹻ŨǿڸкζǾ
ԽԽԽԽ꣬趨޷㶯ɰŨ磬ҲֻΧɰת
̲סҳʮõʦʲôʱԳѽ
ƿ˵̰ӵĺˮŽ겻йĳڣˢˢĸ
Գ𣿡
󿪸Ӱɡ
¶ɡ
ʲôʱԳˣ
ҾζĹˣҶĲҪ̻ˡ
ֻܴѰȴܵʱ䣡ζһЩɣ

Ĵͼ˲ˢˢˢ
գ۵Ĺ򣬲ȶȣǴͽҲ½˵ǰİס
һȺѵ˼Ѳ¡
лҪ˵ĶдһҾȻ˯ˡ
컹ǻŬ˫ģ

38

38
ʮ, һ, һõ㣬ִͽһ㡣Ȼ̫󣬿ṩõһ, ǾͲһСĿˡ
ֱݣǾôĿǽһӴλ˰λ, λ
һ𾪵ĿŹһôһŹһĻˡ
ֱ, Ȼ׬õ㣬׬ô࣡
ֱΪ齱תӵԽԽ, ʶһ⣬Ȼ˶ֺܴ࣬, õҲ
, 磬˶డ
ĥһ, ũϵҲнʮڵ˿, ÿֻһõ, ȻǰʱЩ衱Ҫ׬Ǯ
Ҫ˵ǵ۶ϵ˿ڶ, ⷱǮϵԼ
ĻǿԴÿ˶ͳһõ㣬ûסʿˮ, ˡ
һ̣Щţûȥĵҩˡ
뵽Ǹ֣һӾ;ˡ
ƺҵһõʮѸٵİ취
˷ܺͼһԭȴѾˡ
ô룬Ҳû뵽Ȼ˴Ľ
λ
㹮Ǯ⹫ʮֳ谮ǽܣҲûмôʵõ㰡
ôһȻǽ֮ǰЩ衱ȥˡ
ƺٿ֮ǰӡ¶Ҳôˡ
һҲ֪Ӧ˵ЩɶȽϺãֻԼĥһ⣬ЧôãȻĹͣǣӦҲ˰ɣ
뵽ʱһ˵עҲһɰġ⡱۰Ͱ͵ĿţſˮʣԳ𣿡
õˣãԵˣȻټһˣһ׷ֻԺȷЩ塣
ҪƽʱһƨӦ˵Ĵʵô壬ǳһӣһ˳һҲԲ塣
ٸ׼С˺ʳȻԲٺҿˡ
۾һ۰Ͱ͵ĿŹҪ˵⻹Ҫ׷һˣǵˮˮİ׷ٳһ
سʦٳ֣ʱֱ˵鶼ˣŸ߶ϣܿԼԣǲǿԳˣ
ζʵ̫ŨˣĲܿ𣿡
ʵҾҲ̫£ζĹˣ򿪹Ǹǳɡ
ãǿֱ԰ϴŴĲɫģ޴ԣ͸˳ۣǻظһ䣬ûãһʳһˡ
ĻӦһӼѵ飬һʱ֮䣬ֱĴͬˮһ¡
پǸոյõϲӦëСӣһӾͼˣֶǲģֱӴһõȥʲô
Ǿ޴̻ըʱ򣬹۾ǷŹģоһֱ˵Ȼ֪һõ㣬ӴΪˣԱȽ壬ΪӪҪǿζҪؼʳǱȽϺġ
ټԸӣҡ߶֣ˣĻظˣ
ᡣҲһõ˳ȥԺ󻹻ֱ𣿡
Ժÿֱ롭дãִ𣬡ʱǰԤ棬ټֱл֧֡
һ˲䣬°Ͷʱ߸һο˻ȥԵáʵʲô⣬ЩʲôҪ
⣬룬ںã
ֱһη˵ʲôԺɻֱδȻлٳ쳣ζʳ
ֱ䵯Ļˢķ𣬹Ѿʼϴˣף֭
˿˷ܲѵΧ۵ͬʱҲĥ˸ɣλسʦظƺǴͣ
Ȼ˾ԲὫλشʦ͡ӹ׵족ᲢۣҲԲԴλشΪôõ㡣
϶Ϊ󣬸Ŀ
һ㱻֣ʱ˿飬ʴʵֱ䣬۳ֱĴͽǡ
һ
һһ㣬ȣʳǲɵģڶ׬õ棬Ҳӹɵġ
࣬ⷽʽֶΣһһûһ򵥡
ѾȥжûκãԼش⣬Ǵ;ˮһ£Լķˡ
еˮȡ֮ǰӳԼķʽʼպϡ
ֱһοʼֲݡ
ˮķʽʵ˾ùڷܣһεġˮײˡ²ѯ׻᲻⿣ֱϺõԭʳġ
Ҳͦ򣬱¹ʲôʽ⿣ֻҪζóԣ͹𣿡
˼ô⿣ʲôʽ
ҲؼģǶУĿȫǷݸոյԺõպϡ
Ǹ/̬һս£еζ
ףͣЩ̫ӣ޷壬Ǻɫ㡣
ɫ͸ӼˣյñٻҪ룬ǼᣬǼֵζƷϴֵζƷ
Ǵδ̼粻ϣȴŨ磬޷ܾĹӣ
Ǵ֪֮Ѱ˶ٵطˣӲǵȵ˽죬Ҳûеõκ˿õϢ
ûһ˶ֵζƷӡ
ƺһȫȫµĵζƷζȻ΢΢̼ȴʤ俪θɿڣ
õĶ࣬ǾŨرķζȻ̼һֱζ
һһ˳ȥǺɫĶʲô
ֻϧڿò׷ֱΪֲݵԣӺ齱ûתľ졣
ʳﲻ״ţʱ䳤ζҲı䣬ʮֳɫʳҲԿͣɹΪʽǰȷһʱá
˵ֱ꣬һڣ׽ѯʳûȥ
ֱ䣬罻ȵȣֲݣȻҪĿֻһУ
ֱֻ֣ùһ۾Բˡ
ŶǺǿһȫµģζģģģʽ⿷ʽ⿷ζ
Ŵѵ˳ֲݣ˲ϻظҲǼˣѴѵõֱ䣬һһȫ̻ȼһ䣬ǱƵ˵Ļѹȥ
һĹ򣬶һһ磬Ҳ֪޳ܣȻֹؼʱõ㲩ȡеע⡣
Ȼʱȴںһһõ㣬۾Ǻģֻһ㣬ʴɫʲôζƷʲôʳģ
Ͷˣһģһ⣬ԼǸ֣ǰ㶼ûвҴŵ˼
ʳֱ֣䰲˺һʶʱһ㶣һ૳ڣԭ
лҪ˵ɡQAQ

39

39
ٻҪʲô, ֱвϤԶŻĻ΢Ƭ̣žһ, Ȼ˵ԶʱӦ棬ִĴ̼Թ󣬲ʺʳãѾ𣿡
һԶʱ, ǰʺϣδͬʺϡ
, νĲʺϣδزûҵʵķʽֲ⿶ѣ
ǹ氮
֮, Լ뿪ı
ǰζ֮κһʳɫ
ûûκ, °΢΢̧ţ֪ˣ϶ǲܽκڮģ
ֱ泳òɿ˾ù˵û, κζӦʱ, ĳʱĲӦδҲʺϡ
ҲȻʳġζƷ, ֻҪӡ, ˳ԲҲǺ
, ÿ嶼Լİ, ȥڮ٣ȫûκ塣
һȴֱŭѾʧǧƷ, ûоֱʹãֱͨǶԼѵĲ
˭֪ȫûоߵ߲˵⡣
жȳʦˣֺ⡱޷ٹע֮޲ǡо͸͸װס 
ȻֱڹעıϾˣڲ조֮ɽעССɰģϾʱ˿̣ùǵ֭ǻˮɫ޵ˣȫȲССɰζ
ڹֽǸСɰĸƿֹ֮עȸǴﵽ˼£Ϊʱ˿̣ǹŨҲ˲ֱ䡣
һ̣˵ЩŭŭĺӣȫڡʽϵĶҲΪŨ㣬˲̧ͷ۾ǷŹġ
Ŀسʦ¸ոƿӵɰٿԼǰѾǧδ֣һϣֻ޲ýԼá
ֱоʳİء
Ͼ˭֪һʲôʱܼλͬһֵʳ
ٿûоƷʦЩʳģĵľһ㣬ʳζΣ
Ȼ ֻζپͿ԰ٷְٵĿ϶Ǿ޽еʳ
һɶûУֱٶȳǰȥ֮Сɰﱻҿ¿Ĵùðݡ
֮ǰ˵ĹȻûԷȷΪɫǡСɰһöһöķţǳǳһ֭ˮڹķڡ
Ǻ޵Ưɫ飬ɫˣֻǿž̲ס
ŨŨһûżʧľһ˿˿²ѵĲ˲ôˡ
ôпӣȻôʳ
ǰݡ⡱Ӷֻһʻ㣬Ũͳུ
ԶŻʳһʻ㣬ɣշתʱȴѾãġһƺǲʺʱ
Ũͳུ𽥾ȻΪһֱ壬һһֲĴԴʡ
ɴʱһСɰĺ⣬֪ΪʲôԶŻľȻһʳ
ŨŨζһ꣬ٺݺݵʿˮٲԵĻҪˣ
ɣλسʦſȨޣ˭Ҳ޷ԳƷƤһһ˫۶ҲŲˮ
ֱķ˿ǶҪĻˢˣ㣬㣡̫TM˰ ʲôʱԳ԰
໣Ҳ̫ˣ
ӣζҲ̫ͷˣʲôʱԳԣ
ŵĻһģдﱻˢֱ䣬ԾľôԼϵĻŤͷһ۹һ齱ɡ
齱ֱ֣˶һ˲ֱһƬžһƺȺǸ໴ģ
͵͵һԭЩɶģھôֳȥ֮һ
ǣ˵ˣ϶ǲҲġ
罻ٷƽ̨Զ齱ٶȷǳ죬ûиһ׼Ѿ˳ȥ
ٵһȻʧȻûн֮УɻǼнˡ
Ȼ˾ְעڵˣΪ̫ˣ
Ѿû˵ģȻܹһ٣ɣ˶ĵɻǼǵһ㣬ЩʳĵǺиġӡ
ڸ֮һ鲻ͿƷһʵǱߣԲƺҲ̫Ҫˡ
ʱٿǰʳͲһˡ
۰Ͱ͵ĿţĻģſȨǸϽˡ
΢΢𣬽Ǽݳ齱˳ȥйץģֱ֣Ȩ޴ˡ
ͼúץһˣȨ޷żٵĵһʱ䣬ǾͳѾ̽Ѿõġ⡱ˡ
ȥٶһö⣬ȴǺƤ͸һһ㣬ڿ΢΢ţֱܰ˲ˡ
ԥûеģֱӽջѾܾõС
˶û֣֪ĺöȻʳԱߣȴԼͬĵһʱ佫עԼǰԭǼ档
һڡ⡱ڣƤϵŴŴһQһһ񣬷ʶ壬
һȥڶŨŨζǿڸУǹʣǹŨ㣬ǹ΢ľ㣬һ˿˿㣬ÿһҪ˳׵ĳС
ҲãҲգÿһ˵ﶼд𺳣д㡣
Ũīزʵ㣬Ũͳུζийϵļ㣡
ԲԵЩʳܱġ
Ӧ˵֮ûпɱԡûκһ߲Ũ㣬ڵζ
һȥˣһ̣Լĳգʳ˼ɡ
֪һ˲ƷʼԼǷ˽⡰ʳˡ
ͬҲڻе⣬Ϊʳ̽ãƷĳЩطңԶ޷ִҲֱƷɣʱ֪Լ֮ǰƷôʳжǳԼնʳ֪ж൥
ֱķ˿ɫ֭Ũζ⣬ôһ˲Ļ
һ̣еĺӶ˵κһ仰ΪκһοڣпÿеŨ
ɣ۵Ļһ̶ʧȥҲûκμֵ
˵йע㣬ֻܷǰġ⡱ϣһĺڿǻ׽ָܣǹɴδŨζ̲ˡ
ո˵壬ģӵˣҲҪԣ꣬˲һ˰
Ա߿һϰڷŵĺ⣬ˣһ׷ٿƷѣϱԽԽ죬̲סĴһߵĹһ㿴Т˵ĹƷ


40

40
һŹ, ǰġ⡱˵ǣζû˵һ仰, ٿԼǰġ⡱ʱô˵ĹС
̲סǳ鴤Ҳֱ֪ǰЩ֪⻰ʲôӦͱ顣
, ҲΪ仰Ӳǰġ⡱ʧֵȤ
ûȤ, ֱڵȴŰٷְٵȤÿһڡ⡱, ǶǾԵζ
ֱڴҴҹرգֵٶּֿ, ֮ȴô᲻òʵľ׽ڣֽԼⱲӵĶ, ƵƷ
ǲһ, һںڿϸϸ׽Ʒ֮󣬽Լֳ׻̬֮, עһϡ
λشһγҪĺ֮, һʳԼһˡ
ʳǰ׷, ʮֳʳ
ֻ, һλ֮һ׷Ҳø⾧Ө͸ˡ
ԤƾݵҲǷӱڰٷ֮ʮҵĶʳġ
Ȼ, ǣɷֲעĿǵ򵥵ϣһ򵥵µ
˵ʵԼҲǳʦҲҪάʦĵλ
ɣɵóϣһκһֶġ
ˣֻҪλش֮󣬶Ǽ򵥵ġ
һ㣬Ƿպϡ
ûжǷѾˮһˣֻÿӼ˵ǷպϣС
һˡ
ᣬʣ㣬΢΢̼
򣬸ոյǵΪ˿˿壬Ҳ˲䱻һգθڴ󿪡
ŬȥֱպÿһϣɣճʹõΡס֮⣬Ҳش֮ǰƷġ
Ȼʧ֮ǰ֪ԼͶʦ͵۶Щʦ֮ģɣ֪еĲྐྵȻô
Цһȴѵûмƽô࣬ҴҼһ˷պ֮С
֪شˮʱ򵽵ַ˵ɫ̬áֻЩκʲôˣô̴̵ɫҶмʻУɳȴǰⶼûС
պһͬڵʱպϵʣᣬ㣬˵£ȻζһҧȥˣֻżƷ˱ָ
һȦȦķϵζȴһһĿࡣ
δҲ̫죬ô֪꣬ζ򡱵⿷ʽ
ˣʣЩＱͨ˿ȻҲû̫ʱ䣬ͷ˲ԡ
ʲô߲ˣֱĳһͻȻôһĻֱ䲻ٷ˿ӰҪ²ۣ̫ʶ
ʲôǴһûģ
Ũ˱ǣԾ𺳵ġ⡱߲ͨ˿Աģ
ۣһһ
Ȼָˬ࣬ڻظʡǷպϣ΢΢̼ĿڸУȴ˵ʳ֮ζ޷£ؼǣTM͡⡯Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҷˣķˣҳ׷ˡTMۣԶǴУ¹ôô˼ҲԶǴУһټ򵥲ˣ򵥲ķʽ򵥵ˮһ£Ȼͳζ
ѹҪһĲ֪ǺͰ׷һԵʱǸµĿڸкζΪֻ׷ҾͿԳһӣ˭֪ҲԼԣθˬڣ£ȻҲ֪ôݣ
ԭΪԼӣֻҪǣɿô鲢ïıֱֿʱûйرյ˼ķ˿ʱҲעŲһ㣬ʮ֡ÿճľһˡ
һˣˢǶ߲˵֪
ʲô߲ˣ
Ϊ˼Ҳ߲ͨˣܵķʽʵϣ˼Ҹ÷ܣ˼򵥲ķʽҲ˾޵ʳ
ʲôףף
ֱڵ¡
ʱ˿̣ͻȻ뵽ʲôkaoʳ齱ȻѾˣȻֱô˹洦󹺣߶󹺣
ǡ⡯Сӡ߲ԼʳأһʲƵˣ
ȴĥһ⣬˶ΪԷֱġ⡱϶дӡʵأ
ÿܡδˡ
ֻǣ뷨̫󵨣󵨵ԼԼ뷨ˣһ˵һ仰ˡ
ٺͶҲʮϵͬʱֱ˾޶õ㣬߼չ˽ġ
ֱƷһ֮ǶЩԼλسʦĺ˿δŨ
лᣬȻҪ취Ѱһ
ǰõĸ߶ͣһʮֿɳܵĶˡ
һԼǰǷݱʣµģãʵżһӪҺҲûɶϾ˶Ը⻨һõ棬Ӧòһ߼չɣ
Ժٽһõ㣬Щ۶Ժһ֮
һ
ƮƮˣȻĲù֮ǰжˡ
ʲô߼۲߼۵ģ֡ʳݳƷ¶ǲǽ̫ԸϹô˵Ӳӵء
ҲЩĶֻǣԼԲܶ˵ڵ
óסˣ
ۣܽǡ
˿ǸϤ֣Լҫ۵̻ãǿһݡ
Ȼ϶Ϊǵõ㣬ΪԷ͵Ķ࣬ΪԷǮάͻֻΪԷе۹⣡ңԷҲ˵¶ṩһ
ؼǣԲϣʵеݶѣǧƷĶ
˿ֱ仹ڼĴͣû̫ǿڣաķʱһ䣬´ټ
˳رֱ䣬ȶȴ˿û£෴ȶȷ罻ԽԽҡ
ԶŻʳϡ֡
ٳӡӰ죬ζȻ̶ֳȣ
ԶŻʳ⡯ֱζܼ
糱⡯
ֱַʳȳƷʳܺ
ۣ罻
һʳֱһٶĳ˵ʶȫʦж󣬼Ҳ֪
ôգ۵Ĺ򣬲ϢѾֱӴݵ˵۶Ǳߡ
ֱȶȵףٺͶȻǱѯˡ
ǰûص˼Ļظ⡣
ֻǣҶͨѶ֮󣬶Լߵ٣˵һ䣬£ǲô򵥡
Ȼ򵥡ٵһسʦһʳķԶŻѾʧٵϡ
֣ôܻ򵥣
һۣδҲ̫һЩ
ԭöʵ̫࣬ȴһͷĺ
лҪ˵ôԽԽˡ
~

41

41
Ҳû뵽, ڸ߼Ƿݱ齱ֳȥʳʱ򣬾ȻյһթƭϢ
ˡαװλֱسʦ, ȻҪ͸һƷ
Ϲٵٴ򿪶࿴ۡ 
εºܣ
λسʦô
ҲõλҲλж࿴һۣר̽һʳֱ͸
ţЩŭԷλسʦġۡ
ԭҪ֮, 뵽ñҲƭϾλʲôõĵط
֮, ˵ϣ, һ㿪ͳ, 㡭ǡǡ
һ˴˺һŷӦƺ, , ܣӦáģ
ǲֵĽԼĵַ, żζø˶Է
յʱ, һµġ
һòյԷظ, Ҵҽһݲ˵ġ⡱ĳ, Ȼ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ㡣
ȻǽõˣùʮãǾ׼õġ⡱һҲ˳ȥ, Ҳ㲻գŲɵֽ˳һΣһһ򵥵µĵϹʣµһǰĺ⣬Լˣһ۾ðˡ
⡱ζǲض˵ĵ·ÿһ϶ŵĿڸУĴлζݵôƵ˼¡
Цüۣ˶Щ˷ܵζ óԡ
һ԰ Ȼ
ҲԼעǰ緹ʱ֮ǰֱ
ǣʱˣ¶ľô˽ˡ
֮ǰֱȶȰûȥˣͳȥǽһ.
齱ݣ󷽵˶һݣһ֣罻ϳʮ֣˶ڸ߼չ
УΪǿڵƷжΪĿģǾ˵
ɲΪʲô֣ȴҲˡ
˳ֳʲôӣյǷݣǰǶǰ춼ûзӦ
ٿźӣȻ֪ʲôģ²ۣ򲻵ݽƷҿ۵򣬾Ȼû򵽣
һתɿһæһ
û취
һӾͺɵĿŶ㲻Ծ
Ŭ򶨣ʲôԾԾ㻹ˣʳʱЧԣңͳʳֻݣ֪ж죬㻹ﵢʱ䡣
ԽڣپԽһɻĿ

תȦʶľҪƣҪȥԼĽŸ߶ӡ
һӾͿ˹ȡĿݣ
һʲôݣ
ͻȻӦȻ˵Ⱑ֪Ӧǵ˭İɡ
ٸĹϵѾüʮ꣬ôܱô̬ȾƭʱȥģҲ𿪿
һƳȥʲô˼ҵĶ˽ҷ
¼ֱǰٷְȷˣÿǿݣֱʣΪʲô֣
㿴֪ҵˣ
ٶʱЦˣҿһ£
һmmpԼĶǰ˵
Լ˸²⣬Ҳһmmp˵͵͵ˣȻԼ͵͵ĳԣ

ĳĬȻ϶һ㣬ŭգָŶ㾹ȻңҼҪѵΪԼ𣿻Ҫлʵʵڵ͸һ£
Ƴһۣʮٷְٿ϶Ҫ򵽵ĻپӦþ̬
ɣԼǰĿϣ̲סԴżֵ⣬ɲġ
ޣһ֪齱û㡣ĿǸ¿䣬ûǱ䡣
°̧ţбһۣر͵ġ
͵ģ˭͵ģЦպϣûаȳζŨƷԷģ
̬ӵ⣬Ȼûз죬˵⻹У
һ㶣齱ݣһ䲻һݱĳߣҪ˵˵һݣһٸš
ûзƷԣⶫģ
һ͵ĿŶ˹ĽԼֱ˺ź̨Ϣ򿪸ûУ
٣
ƾʲôƾʲôо͸㣿εºܣõĹע
ȻԼҲΪ˵϶ǲϵģЦһҲ䣬Ҳˡ
٣mmp
СİӣһһһʳǸոֱģʱ۾ˡ
ֱֻûпӵģͲֱǰȥץˡ
һĵ֣бһۣʲôģ
ŭĿþգ
ЦƳһۣô
٣˲˱ơ
񣬶˶ģʲϵ˵Ļû˼ǲŶ
ûôô¶΢˳˵⵽ΪʲôôŨؼǣΪʲôûκεζأ
ƳһۣҪ֪ˣ˼һʲôسʦ
Цһ㣬ζȥ𣿡
ʲô棿
ʮĵ˭֪
ӡȾʼЩζǡӡĸá
Ŀ⻹Լǰʳϣȴʣ㣬ζô
޷ٵѪȵζ΢һ㣬һ棬ϵȵѹ׷ףǲ޷ȥ
Ťͷʣڣζûˣ˵ӡ𣡡
Ҫġӡ޷ȥ
Ӫ뷽跨ų־ѪȵȣΪճʳõӪġӡˮƽûа취
漴ͳסˣ˵Ĳܣݡ⡱ϵķأ
ζ=ӡ
ζȥôеġӡ
ٳסԭأ̲סҡͷ˵ܣܡ
ӡ޷ȫȥȻǧôܻôˣ
һۣû˵
Ҳ֪޷ӡ޷ζǣǰݡ⡱ûκζ
վһӡˮƽǡ
ٿŶĶЩ̣ЩЩĵɡȻô˵¶
ڶȥʱס˺˵ˡ
Ųǵʱ򣬰첻֣Цһ
ٵ˰죬ȴҶ֣һۣʲô

٣
ԥԥ֣Ȼɵ۵Ŀǰݣ٣ǻ˰ɣ
ûʱظȥǹԡ
˳Ĭɤ˵˵Ǹֱֵ𣿡
лҪ˵żٺҵʱҵĸֶܺӡֶŮ

42

42
ٺͶ˶һ, ûһ˻ظ⡣
Ǹ᲻ֱԷ⣬ڴʱǸϻ
Ϊ, ѾǸȻ⡣
ǸһʱǻѾ޶õ㽫Ƿݱ齱ȥĶߣֻΪ˳ԣ
ֻĻⶼᱻԷ۸顣
˴ֱ˰׵ĹȻǸǷʳˣٺͶһ, Ҳ֪ʱ˿Ӧʲô飬ʲôӦźá
ֱԤ, ûпʼ䡱ûסĿ˶, Ҫǻȳ԰ɣ
, ζȻͲǸζˡ
ԡۣûסһʿˮ
һǲ̫뿪, Ĳ鲻Ըȡꡣ
Ȼɲ֪Էô, ǣֻһ, ǰʳ, ζ
ˮƽķǳ, ͹, ¶ȣʲôûʧ
ôţΪʵ, ؼǣֱ˳ԲϣֻԼһҶĸоã
ԭͬʱϸʵƽеÿһƿڸкζü֮䶼ܣҲ֪ʲôʱʼپöٶȱ죬Եĸֿ࣬ܶоٳԵı죬Եøܹ࣬飬ٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ졣
ǵһ㣬ԡ
ûʱ俪ڼһˣϾ㿪һпԼٳôһڣ𼫴
һֱһ׷ڣͬʱŭĿۿԷ̣
ѵǣҪҪң
˶һŭѵӿŶԷͬʱΪĳ֮ĿʼЭ 
ĳҲũϵ൱һõҵ졣
ױݳƷլʳȵȿҫĶҫ顣
ĳũóŵСõ㣬еλԴũϵ߳Ҳɶ¡
ֱ֣ķ˿;һˡ
ֱ仹ûпΪֱӳ罻ҳĿԤգ۵ĹλСֱֱǧ
һԼԭеķ˿һȻǸոûгĹķ˿
ֱֺһƬ˳ֲݣһ۰Ͱ͵ĵֱӿ䡣
׼ҲǸѵӣҲûйڵʱ䣬ϾʳʳʱһƣǾͲൢˣʣûѾûԵֱ֣ӿ䣡
ֱˢˢĶǴ͡
׼ЦùǸݵͳһ䣬˳㻹һ£ʳר䣬ӣҲǸıϣΪͨӷĿݶǾݻ˵ĳ⣬ʳƷȫǻûκġ
˵ֱӿ䣬˳ҲǿλʦֱģһӦǣҼҪƲˣ
ֱ˿ǵĻˢķ𣬶ð׼𶺣ǼһϵǮ֮һ
ҪƲֻҲûмһܲд档
׼һЦģ
ʳһģģҶȻ߲ˣġ⡯ǰ߲˻ʲôζ
⻰˵ʵ̫ʵϣʵϵöٶ޻˵ɲòϵǣ׼˵ġ
˸һ֪һ㡣
Ϊ˵ҪĲζǡʳûСӡ
һûСǣ׼˵һУĽʵ
׼һӣһڿֱ֮ǰҵͳĵļ⣬ǽǾһһĽлش𡣡
һȻⲻܺķ̫ʱ䣬ܵʳ
ֱЦһţΧг
׼𷭿һԵļ±һ⣬ǲ⣬ʲô⡣
ٶȷǳ죬ֱȡһСͳȥǿҪһ˵ֻ˵Ҹ˵ĸܶԣӦõȷ⡣
һ⣬λôģԲҪ֪ҾͲֱˡ
һ⣬ܶ˶ܺһ⣬ӡˮƽǶ٣Ƿϰȫָ
ˣЩҿԵģˣֱﶼˣǿ֪ұʲôˣֻǸԡ
ʵԱݡ⡯ġӡˮƽҸ߲˵ġ
ֱһ£Щֲʲô˼
ɣֻиողԹһʳӡˮƽĶٲװ׼˼
׼ũϼȻ߲ŸߵƷˮƽֱֻƷһΣ֪ǵˣȻֻ򵥵ˮƽȴôʳ
һǣλֱʦеʵʵǿᣬһ棬˶߲ҲԲ߲ͨˡ
ҪΪⷽǣ׼𼴱ôٻõѣҲô
׼ʮСüͷȴŵġ
ΪһѾˣٷ֮ 
ֱ㶣漴ĻżСˢǲǷˣ
ǿܳ˵Ӵ
컻һǣٲһΰɡ
׼˲ֱЩϢֱ˶ҪżĻһּһ飬ǰٷ֮
׼ֱվٸǹ
ֱҲЩˣһʱܾ֮öûȥˢĻ
һεĲЩ
׼ͷϵĲչʾڿܵ¿ıЯʽǣոеģ׼ʮָߣԭһƵҿһһҿˡ
ֱ֮ǰҲûˣһ˷ܵıʾڴֻ²Ű׼죬ÿһóĲǾȻǻģҲ֪֮ǰÿĸֲмֵʵȡ
ֻǣ۶Ͼ׼Щر˼Ҳȱõ㣬ȱȶȡ
ԣ⻰˵ҲǸЦ͹ȥˡ
ֻǣ⻰˲ˣģôɺϣͻȻǾȻˣ
棬Լֻж˱Щˣ˶õʮͬĿ⿴ֱİ׼
ЩѶԷҪɴȿֱƷٳһ飬֡
Ȼ׼ǸԸҲǲײǽͷ֣¿ĲǾͿʼԣһΣף֣޾ӵȵ豸Լݸ׼ȷѡڲ߲
Ρ׼ͷ¿ƼеĲһָ2.32%
׼ɤЩһ˵ΣȻ˵ԣһ¿ĲǶĲǾȷСλġǣӦö֪Ĳͬλã֮ͬ䣬Ҷʵȷ棬΢Сġ
˵˰죬û̧ͷ
ֱҲһƬžġ
ﶼдֻϲּ
Ͼʮ֮ǰô±ƵĻǣǧ˸һǻ֪Ǹȷˬġ
Լֻ¶ɣһ飡ǻû𣿡                        
лҪ˵١ͷǻû𣿲֮ģ

43

43
⼸, ٵڱĵطũϵ, ֱȦʳֱȦġ
һʱһķ˿, Բۣˣ
׼ҲЩ, ˺žôţֵġ
, ٵ˵Ѻá
Ǽֻ
׼ȻûвԣܾѾôһɲ̫õԤˡ
ѿܻЩ, ʡ
ΪʲôǶ⣬ǻġ 
ɣֻа׼Լ, ⶫĸʼֱֵ֮ͣǲܣ
, һճʹõģһβһʹ, ÿʳĶҪвԡڵ, Ʒõ, , ԷҪɵˣŻѡĶĸ
ɣǶû, ζʲô
׼֮ǰ룬ôһֻĻ֮ͻȻԼ˵Կһˡ
ֱ΢еӵģҲﲻ̫ˡ
ǻģҲǻİɣ
һһ׷һԣ
ɺδҲ̫ɺһɣ
ûµĲǣ¶һ°ɡ

׼ŲǣҶҪ˵ٽвˡ
Լĸٲһģһݣ£ٽԳ͵ݡ
ٺͶѿЦ
Ȼ˶֪»ݱɲ򵥵Ĵ£ɣһ˱϶Ҷ̹ѽ
֪֮󣬿źǲŽ˼
׼ٳûкֱķ˿Ҳˣⲻˣ
ųء
˼
һ˸ˣڰٷ֮ӵȻʳԲܴڣ
ӵȾѾ˰ٷ֮壬ǵ۶Ҳֻܿڰٷ֮ڣ߲ˣôֻвٷֶࣿ
ǲܳ⣬ǣ߲˵ô£
ֱʣµ˱ôһѣԼҲﲻˡ
ɣ˭Ҳ¾ʹ˽Ƿʳ٣ʲô⣬ֻаٷ֮ķӣǶҪ׷ʡ
׼ȫﻢ¡
ǰǷݡ⡱ԳƬ̣վǶֿʼвƷķȾǳأǸʵ
߲˿ֱĴеר߲ˣǣԲ
ǣĿƺ̫Ǽвһԡ
׼𣬲֪ʲôвǲǰʱôǷݡ⡱ȶǷʳ׷֡
ݰ׷µЩ׼֪һһ־Ө͸ʮֺÿ
׼ӣЩۣܾøԼҲҵһǳش
ˮƽ߲ˣȣʵҶ㲻
˼caoȶȣҪķƲˣ֪ǲǸһִġ

죬֣ǸҪӴ׷ʱˢһ³˻һ۵Ŀֱͷǿһ㣬λسʦе߲ӦòҼҵģҲ֪ⶫȻ͵ȾˮƽЩһʮõģλҲʶ
ĻһˢЦˣ2333νǺǿˡ
Ⱦˮƽô͵߲ˣֲԼģƨĲ𣿡
ˮƽҸһޣ666
2333ֻǸ⣬Ҫ㣬ǰ֤
׼е㵰ۣЩֻĻҧ˵ģҪ£Ҿˣ
һƬЦ
׼ڶˣǸ¿ĲǷ׷ϣֺܿʾ˳ǾȷСλ1.89%
׼ۣǣ۲ۣ˶βԣٷ֮һš
һëûС
׼ԼʹõǸǣֽһεĲԣһΣѾûʲôɻˡ
1.9%
ֲͮͮϹ˵۾
һΣ׼ûκͣ٣һ˥ߣ
ԼͣҲûκʣµĲˡ
ֱŲǶǷݡ⡱˵һεĲԡ
һֱǸɵӣҲײ̫ԵˣһûһҶ˵һ仰
ɵ㶵Ŀֱ䣬Ű׼Ķ
һ⣬ڲ˵ʵӵһٹ֮ȼûб̫ϣ
ɣ֪ǲΪ׼ǰʳĵĲԣôʱ˾Ȼйˡ
׼Ǽһ뷨
ɣã漣ƷĴҲӦò̫ڿŰɣ
ɣ̫ŵľˮƽȻκεԤ⡣Ƿ棬Ρһ֮ʶĵͷ1.99%
εֱּкɫˣǼֱдĿϹۡ
ʶĲһվֱ˶һʱɣܡ
˵ģƷ޷еķ¼˶׵ġ
ⷽʽιֳƷпܵڰٷ֮ʮɱ̫ߣ̫ߣߵܡڵ͵ٷֱ֮ǡ޿ܣ
ֱ˶ںܣ˶ڴߴٲ⣬²ԡ
׼޷Լעֱ䵯ĻˣСóԼѧǻڻѧʼϵĽͷϡ2%ݣ룬ûë
Ҫգ˿ܶʶĸŵ٩䣬ɴʱûκƤһ¡
׼ٸǹ
ͼļ̣ÿһַǣһãһ̭Ŀʽ
׼ֵõһģһݣĵ׼Ĳǣͦá
ֱڷ˿
⻰ƺûëɣǰ֪ΪɶƺզЩԾˣ
Ƥûסĳ鴤һ£Ƿʳ⣬ͬʱѡϣ׼з˿ȻԸǲǻˡ
ɣǸǣɺϼǲܵġ
ֱ侲Ĭãڿ֣ûǴһοʵ˸˰ɣû£ûʳˣȸǳ˰ɡ
ʳʱЧԵģˣζզ
ֱ俪Ȩٳһ٣ܣʣȥ취飬ǲǣ
ѣ
׼𣺡
߼ϿһëûС
Ҳеڰ˵ɶأ˭֪׼ôԥӣԸˮƽȻ飬ൢ°
⡰⡱֮Ҳ֪ûԭζ
׼ոҪ˵ԼĹԾˣŹԵûס΢΢˲ʾֺȻǸÿæü׵
һ۲ѵĿֱľͷĳԲˡ
˵꣬Ҵҽ˹ԣ֡
ֱҲʱԱֹرա
ֱ˶ըѣٺͶֱ±ƣ˶ˡ
лҪ˵ȡ£

44

44
ôĿֱ, Ķmmp޴й 
֪Ƕ֮󣬿϶޴䶯, Ҳ֪׼ԼǸũҵȻ߲˵ģһôȾ߲˺Ʒ϶ܵ, ԲżƷ
ȻûдȿȨֱƷð׼ؿ, ֱԼһڣ
׼ֱ䶸ȻرգȻûµȶ½, ֱµȶֱʵ˶塣
״γַȾڰٷ֮ڵʳ滹Ǽ٣
سʦƷʳȾڰٷ֮
ʳ, ӽΪٷ֮
ͱЯǣΪСλ
ũֱܾ䣬ٷ֮Ȼʳ, 滹Ǽ٣
Ʒ, ͻƣ
⡯ԶŻʳпƷ

һֱ, ǡȡ, ǡ, ũϵ, ֮ǰֱ֪䣬سʦģҲ׿ˡ
һһ±ơ
˶, һȻʯģƷӾڰٷ֮ⷽ棬ǷµͻƣֱµĻǼҵġ
ڶλسʦ˭۶ϵû̫Ըš
Ͼ۶ûĶڣũϵСطô֣ܳ
м˵ũϵǱߵ˴ô£˵ûˮ֣ǣֱ俪ʳƷʱ򣬼ǧ˶׿ڳζģһëûС
һ˿ѣһٸ˿ܴ
ɣʮ򣬰ǧأ
Ҷĥµʵԣô˵һֱ֮ȶȴʵʵܵĹעҲһ¡
ǣ෴ʱ۶ϵĳʦЭĳҲڼٶڣյ˷ӦͬʱҲѾյֱַȥǷʳ
ԭǵĵһӦӦƷζɷ֣ϡ
ɣΪ׼Ǳߵյ֮󣬵һʱҲıĿֱ꣬רҵģ鼶豸вԡӡֵ
ʣȻÿһٷֵֶ֮һģһǣֲˣûһȾǸڰٷ֮ӵġ
ʦЭǱֳһţɣֱҪһ㣬ûκ֪λسʦ˭
⣬е鷳ˡ
һߵİ׼ͶӰԼǰ׵Ϣ΢֡ңңĲǹġ
׽һۣûֱˣʣô£
Ҫֱӿ׼ܺùһ㣬ƫƫ̬ȣð׼ԼŵһһңңҲ֪զ¡
ͷ˵׽üͷҲ
׼ǾԼƵҪ
ҲĲ֪զ£Ȼũϵһңճѧڵ۶˵Ū˸ֱ䣬ӣôܲŲʡ
һϸ飬˼ҾȻҪĶƷֱײǹˡ
û˵ȥֱ䣬һ֮ҲǹġȻȻÿ죬Ȼǡ⡱ζǣӣǣĵɻǿƷ 
Ϊ񣬲ʲôֻҪڣǿǶøӡҹôζʲôãûа취ȥӡôζҲϡ
£ƽʱҲûɶ£ôһУгëһʵõ㣬˶Է齱õĶֱֱ俪ֱֱӽв
ɣ˭˭˭֪ܲô
Ͱ͵İѻ˵ꡣ
׽üͷûɣˣ㲻ҪӦ⣬˴ߣʵһ㡣
ʵһ㡱׼ʶ֡ۼҪƲˣǹҲ
׽俴һۡ
׼ϱӿˣһƸԼͣҸոտܹˡ
ֱƵĲͨ£ʦЭǱߣǾͣǼҸƲû£ɣҪϾǡ
׽ֱӹҶͨѶ׼ָԼһƣôôء
ͷԼǰð΢ġ⡱ݺʿˮôôеõء
ڸ

ºˣҲԲϣ׼ֱᣬô߽ʰöʮòĺ˵һֱӴŶҪߡ
׼һưѿڶҰ־ԣҵıʳ
ԼԼϰϽӲôһ˲ Ц ҿЦġ

۶˷׷۲ݣĹڻʲô֪
ֻǹһ罻Լͨͣһ򿪣ũϵߵˣ۶ϵĺѯʵģͬһ⡣
⡭
Ͻһץס˹˶ˣûУ
һ±ˣҲԼԹʳˮƽ͵˷ɵʱţԷ϶ᱻ
ɡ
ô¿Ҫԣ
ĥˮ֮ǰҪ£ԣ۾ˣֱ֪ȣǡ
˵ôһ˲裬Ҳ޷ְ
ΪάԼġߴϡ󣬲ҪͣıȽϹ㣬֪˸࣬ƺҲû̫ã
һˣ󣬸ߴʲôģƺҲûõҪ
̲ס˵Щתɷ˿ڣӦòΰɣ
ϢѾ˵۶ʦЭᡢ۶zfǱ߿϶Ѿ֪¶سˣȻŷ˿᲻ε⣿
һ𾪵µʱ𣿣ʦЭѾˣ;۶йزŶġ
ĬƬ̣ʣȻأ
һʱҪȻ
˶Ź˭֪ĺö
Ȼһ㶼ż
Ŀ˹һһۣ㣬˭ֱ֪ҵģ˭֪ҵ߲ˣƷȾڰٷ֮
һôһ˲ĳĬ񡭡ȷ˵ӡ
һۣԼӦõǵӦǹһʲôʱԿʼϸڸɻ
ΪԼҵһ¸ĺ÷
뵽һ㣬̲סĿֱ䣬Լ罻̲סĸпʵҲͦ˼ Ϣô죬Ӱô࣬ЧôãҩţʵڲУƹӣӦ׬õɣ
ֻǣʱ϶ҪչˡǾһˣٴгҲ޷㰡
ʣǰģѧôˣ
һʱЩ֧֧ˣһֿģɣչʮֻġ
һӶӦõǺץ£ˣϽȥ
һ̲סģѧģ
Ųߣ£
һֲ⿡
ʲôĻ
һַӱ죬ͱ
°΢̧һ۷ŵķʾһ¹һû
һļβͣˡ
˸ǷһͦģҪ͵ϣÿһҩԷֳֻµ໵ˡ
һһĥӦѡʲôʽһ
ʵڡ衱ڱͦˣ۸񡭡Ҳ͡
ɣǿһССʳֱ䶼Դﵽȶȣõôõ㣬̲סΪԼġְί
ֻǣĥôʱһˮƽǸȺȴŬŬŬĽӰ졣
лҪ˵Ҿý϶жԣȥŬˣ

45

45
Ⱥһǿ, ޣö, ϣ˽һ㣬˽һ㡣
ȻƯľУ
ɣеĶôϷ, ֻҪƿһСӣǾԾͶסġ
Чͻ̶ȵġ衱, ԼߵϹͻȻÿ, ܲżĥ, Ľ棿
ȺԽԽԽԽ, ڲ˶ҪȺֱӴʱ, ͻȻȺﶪ˸Ƶӣһ˶ʵĻ, ˭ĹۣϳȥŪٱʬ
ֱ衯Լ̫ࣿ
ǰһ, ˻ûʲôӦ, Ӧ˵, ˻ûʲô˼ȵڶ仰֮ȺһӾը˹, ɶֱ
Բۣĸɵҵӣ
ǣȥҺڣڣ
Ⱥ˶һ˶Ծһգ۵Ĺ˶ӿֱڡ
Ȼ֪˭ĹۣǣҪĿģҪסϢɢȥԼȺǸǵⲿΣ֮
һ¶¶ϣȺĴң൱ĻŽᡣ
ǸҪֱǸ衱Ҳ֮ǰǸ˵Ȱ۹衱Ҫ˰ȴԷɾ˵Ǹ
һʾ޶õǼҵ깺˰Ŷ衱
򵥵ǰڵ飬ſֱ׼
Һã֮ǰйԤ棬Ȱһѽ˰ɾ֮һ˴õ㽫в
˵һԼ֮ǰȻյ֮˼򵥵ĲԣؽȾȵȣûгꡣ
ڣݵȷҪĹЧɷ֣Ҳȫûмһֱӷãÿֱʵʱڼ䲻κλƷ
ֱķ˿֪ôһֱҲ翴ԼͷǸӣЩš
ôһţȻûʲôֵζҩζ˭֪䱾ʲô⡣
ֻǣõ˽ȥ˱ӣɾ
Ǿòʹ죬ȻûжǴ˵ģһ£Ҳˬǲǡ
뵽ֱǰ۹һѾжزԣ˵̼һеĵģ룬ûʲôء
ڿʼԣϤЧӦǵڶܼЧ ʱټ
ֱ䶼ּɵģȻǸͨ죬Ҳҷ۱Ƚ϶࣬ͦϲңѾԤ˺һʱˣԣҲв˶ºȤ
ɣ׼ԵʱֱͻȻӿһˣӿǧˣؼǣǧˣڶȻ֮ͿʼˡĻ
ʲôԣǷ˰ɣֲĶҪġ
ģ̫ˣȻûжɣ֪ʲôģ
㶼֪˰㻹Ҫȥ򣬻ԣ
²޶̲𣿵ݶϣĳԡ
ôֱǲǾͳ Ȼ
Ҫ˵һǧˣĲ࣬ٸֱĲ࣬Ͳסһǧ˶ǻ죬ֶ࣬
ңǵĻĸˢˮһɣһȥй۲죬ûһˮ
ЩˣһڷظţĻҪǮһٶǴﵽ˼£ǵĻݣԽ˵Խ֣Խ˵Խġ
˭֪ʲôģһ㣬ۣǲĵġǺǡ
һǺǣֱ˲ߵϹռ䣬˶ 
ǿá衱˵һ仰治֪һȺ˵ġ
ķ˿ҲӰˣ΢΢Щɣ飬ҪȻʱҪ˰ɣ߻ʽԡҪ
⻰ҲûеϾ˭֪ⶫģʲôġ
ȻˣǣҾ˵Զ˽

磺
ˣһȺ˵ʲôˣʲôĿģѲɻľΪôһѣ
Ǳҧгˣöҩ裬Ǿ䶾ĻҲ֪ǹ桭ĿĻֱӽȥ
һ˲䣬ֱ䶼һʮֹĳţһǧôһ˲±ơ
˽˼ķˣ˴ŭŭʮŭĴë𣿲ϲҪԣ
Ӳãҩʲô裿
Ƕ˵˶֪ɶ𣿳˻ĵģ
Ƕ˵˲𣿡

鷢չôһ˲ƺһȺˮĿģǲԣ
Ϊʲô
ûЧ֮ڱ
̫ܡ
Ϊʲôôʱ죬Ҳе㾭飬ʲô˺Ƶ¾ûоҲ˵ġ
࣬ɵˡ
ĿǵĻЩķ˿ҲǲʾֱĹֱӳ졣
綼û뵽ԼҪһͨĲǿ϶û̫˸Ȥ֣ҪֻҪԼһڶģȻ
ҴҿڣҲҪˣΪҪһҪһʵǣƽĽԣԣһҪĽ
ԭΪԼ⻰˵ֱ꣬ĳӦ΢ͣһᣬ˭֪Ļո˵ֱ꣬ĵĻȻ˲ֱӾһ
һǧֱըˣ˭TMҪˣ
㡾

һ˲ԭϰķ˿ֱ䣬ʮĹھȻɲһǧˡ
ҲˣֱԸ⿴Ը⿴뿪ΪߣȨԼĶйʾ
һǧ˶ҪըˣԼţҪ˷һ˷Ѿ˷˰ɡ
ȻҪȶȣҪֱӷϽֱ
ǸҪȺͻȻ@ԣԣԣ
ˣڣѾã϶ʮԵЧ ʱô죿ڸҺڣʹڣڵ˶
Ⱥ˳ĹǣҲӦˣôŭû˰ԣֱһ̣Ŀʼڡ
Ҫ˵ôûʵ˵
һҪƭˣҪƭˣҪ棬Ҫ׬Ǯ
ԣҸҴģ죬϶˵㣬˵Ҫһˮ˵Чرãããõ𾪡
ѣɥûһ仰ġ
ҵģ죬ǰٷְٻվ˵ԼʹЧٷְپˣֱǻ˸ˡ
øݣҽֶԼ״̬ãַӹ޶ë

㱻ˣǸǸ֮ǰĹ֣һҪ֪ⶫƭ˵ģʵʵѣʲôŭԹ£Ȼ
ҪڣͿֱڷĻĳID˺ţȻǳ졣
ԼǸױݺ۾IDڷĻģ϶˵Чãã
磺
⾹Ȼĸ֮ǰڵũϵŮҲǰۡ
лҪ˵

46

46
ĳһ˲, ǻŭӿ, ίޡ
һ˲Ȼʲô˼ˣֱͷֱŭ, ҿIDˣ֮ǰȰ㲻Ҫ˰㲻, Ҳû㣬Ҳû˵, ڰ𣿡
ڷҪҪ, бƭˣʵʵЧҪ֪, ǵһ², Ǳ޶ëǴˡûйɣڻҪô, ȻֱӴˮ𣿡
û˵, ޳ˡ
Ȼ, , ÿһȰ˶Ϊá
ɣؿ˵ʱʵʵΪԼۺá
ɾ, ȻɱϾûİɣһǶʵԼǸۣǴˡд
˭֪Ȼֳ
ֱҲˣֻ֣˭֪Ȼֱӿôһġֳ˺ƣ
¶ԭίֱģ˵ˡ
һµһ˹ȻҲڣʱ˷
۾ɵһһЦ׷ʣһ¶Ӧ
ͷĳ¶棬˵ڿɶûгĹۣӲҳϣΪǵġعڴĿ֮С
Ⱥǻֱ̻
˵ŭҲֱ׳ϵڰôһͷˣҾҪ˶һٻ˰ģӮˣ
ǹû˵ʣµȴֱɵˣĵmmp
㲻⣬˽İ 򰡡
۹ȥ򰡣ɵƣʲôϵ
9494קŶ֣˼𣿶ûеɣ
ѽۣɶ
Ҳʮַˣ˼Ҷûеɣ
磺
࣬ǲﲻ̫ԣ
ǰˮǲǲ̫ϸԼ˶ Ҳʵеˡ
ֱ䳴һţһǧվͬһΪԼʱ¾ͦˡ
类˵þȻǺ޷ֱ֮˿Ȼƫ˲١ڻв˻ԱȽ侲ģôãȺҩǱߵˮ
ôһҾȻЩͬǰˣҷ۵άƷԼǰ۶ɾˣȻַӱ˼
2333һ˺ƣôȻЩˣûһۣ˳һ䣬һȺĻĹڣǵģ 
ҲЩȺ֯ԣԺŭоʲôŭԹ¶
ֿʼڮĿΪ˴棬Ժ˲Ʒٽáǰۣٽš
±ƣ˾ǿˡֻҲôһǵŭҲɢȥˡ
ѣɱŭ񾭣ֱʱֵ̫ѿܹ黹ǲõģ侲ͬһʱ䣬Ч
ڵĻûˢ֮ǰȿڣǿһ㣬ߣȨڹƽ½в⣬ȥҡҵķ˿ǣټ
˵ֱֱ꣬ӹرա
ͣˣɣˮǸڹȺȴͣ
Ⱥ˶ըѵֿˣô£ʲô˼
mmpҪǲǣ
⵽˭ۣȥܱٲcaoҪˣTMDö˸ƾǵ⼸ʮ٣õ𣿡
ҲˣȰҲȰˣڣҪô죿
һǧֱˢһĿֱ޲һһҧǸйܵģ£ҧˣֻҲûˡ
ʱֱͻȻԡ
ǵ㲻ȵϢҲʱˣΪ֪Ⱥ͹ӦҪڣҪˡ
Ⱥ˶ͳһ£ҵרҵ죬Ҫøַʽ֤ΪǸ
ڶڣǸǰۣԼ˽ҡ˽ңҿԱ֤㹫ȥǣ㲻ͬ⣬ҿܾҪʼԼˣ鵽
û˵꣬ɣռʮˡ
Ⱥ˶ڻȺʱûнԣֻ£Ѿ׻
ϣλۿվҽкĲԽ֮󣬵һʱ䣬ϵԲ֪ˣΪ֮еһԱһͼǧǾĸʣ
ȺԭҪһֿˣʱҲͣȥ
ԱȣǸ˶֪Ӧξ񣬱ϾôҲ֪ôѡˡʱɣ˾Ӧһ֪ʱĲʲôˡ
ʱҲûжൢ飬Ͼʱɢȥ׼ˡ
ŭ֮ԺԼ˯ţӰĲЧ˭֪ոϴϣڴϣȻֱӱ˯ˡ
ڶʱ绹һµģһǣ֪Ϊɶƺܾģ
üͷýģ뺰ȴԼζǴԼϴģ뵽ڵĲ￩һ£Ҵϴּܡ
һȥôһ˲ϡʲôĤ𣿣
һԼϵ˯£ֱӼһʼˢ߽һ۾Ϳﲻԣ㶵Ŀ磬㣬㣬ûоԼﲻһ
ŻŵȥԼľӣľӳĹʱˡ
µ죬ƺһ׼ȷĲ²⣬ҲһҪ׵Ĳ²⡣
һֱԼÿֱʱ䣬綼һµġ
žӿһ죬ǰһ죬ƬҲó˲֪ٱ顣
һ춼žӣȻ֪Լ״˶ٸ룬ͷڵĳӶˣΪʲôҪڣڼӲͨѶͨƵȥٲֵöˣ
Ǳ˰ɶϾԿ粻ǣ̧ʲôܰ
Ҫϵ϶ԷҪֱ²Ǿʹ𣿣
ۿʱ䵽ˣֱ俪ҲɵҲˣҴϵȺ죬죬Bƻ
Ⱥһ˲ˢϢѾԤ׼õϣƵСģ֪ںŵץУַӿҳ
Bƻȫ䱸ֱעȥ˽ģȻԻеġ
ƻʧܣǣܾҪC ƻˣ׼õжȥ糹װһŮɧ²³
ոմֱ䣬׼͹ǴкͿֱһҳһʮõľ޴ֱֱ̻ըĻǺɫĿ֣磬ͨһϢ
ֱϲֵģ׼ʱˣһ룬ƼĿ̻ؼǵĻǾ仰еֵͦġ
͸ˣڸʲô
ۿֱ䵯ĻûзӦˣһʮõ˳ȥ裬˽ģ
ֱ֪˿һƬȻҲ̫Ŀŵ˰ɣ
лҪ˵ҵĿǻһǡʵҲ֪᲻в࡭

47

47£ǡ̫ˣ
ֱ˶ˡ
ҡŵе˰ɣ
, ףĿTM, զˣ˼ҷҪʱͼˣ
ֶĿŵĻ¸, ͦסһҪͦסԲܱ˸ʴˣ

ֱ䵯ĻˢǸʲô衱һɧŪһ, Ǹ˶벻ҵ, ȻԸĲ
̲סЦһֱô, ˢ²ۣáǼˣֻ, ֶҲ̫ǳ, һ㣬ֱҴõ, Ҫ
һ仰, ɶȥˣ
һ, з˿վǱ, ͦסǧ𱻽Ǯʴ, вٷ˿ʼ˴ͣõҲС
ң¶ȶѾһ˵ʵֻƾһȶȣ綼׬һʣȻûбҪԼķ˿·Եܹ⡣
ԣ˶ʱ򵹸ꡣ
ʵҲȷǲ̫ȱǮǣڻ㱵ĿԱߵľӣžԼڵģἰǡ衱ЧЩɵ۰
Чùܱģһ㣬ϵЧʵʵİ
Ŷ衱һ㶼ûʣ۹žľȻϴɾ֮󡭡
ʶԼϵǹ⻬̶ȣݺʿˮTMŽӤļ
⻹ֻһΣҪǰһƳˣʲôЧҪǰնԷ˵ϵʹأ
ôһ룬ûסһ¿ˮ
ʱôģȻɣáԷ
̲סλ˼TMҪ˰ҩ˵˰ܲ
ɾˣǡ̫ˣ
Է̻Щò˼Щáûˡ
ԼϵıûôӲСĵһᰴʵģ
ԼԼҲں
ڲ٣еġ
ֱ˷׷׻ǹעҲһʱˣٽӹ棬˹棬Ҳǿܲķı׼ŻƼ
ԣȻ󣬷˿Ҳ࣬ɷ˿ȴвٵҷۡң˿תҲá
ԼȺһǧ˶ʱˣ˭TMҪʵˣҪʵʵĽ⣬⼸۶ǻôõ
ȺＱˣ׷״ߴأأء
ʮõȥǿŻظˣһ㣡ǡ衯ҽȸ˽ģֱ϶ڡ
ֱһŵʺš
в
вɣ
˭ҲƷôףôֱӹľв
666˾ͿвһһԣǻͲˣǼ˿һ޲Ʒˡ
ֱһӾôˡ
һҲɵˣⲻô˵ġ
û˼˼ǲƷõв
ʵ쿴Ч֮һֲ²ˣ϶ǲҹ˸һԲŻһ۵֡
˿ǵЩ
ɲ˵⻰˵òãɲǵ˵᣿Ժȥˣ
ͻȻʲôǵ֮ǰƺ˵ǹиȺ壿ۻǰѣ
ο߼ˣˣ´أ˭֪ǲÿһζôã
ҪǱų⣬ԺҲ򲻵ˡ
ʱе㲻̫Ҫǰ˵ˣûлˣզ
ҲҪţûǸ˼
ֱķ˿õô࣬һظĵģ £Ƕվߣģ˵вʲôΪǷ𣿡
ǣĲֱ伸˿ᱣ㣡

磺Ĳ¡
ֻǣ衯ûд˵ô
˵ʵ
£㾡˵
磺˵ˣǲҡ
Ŀôôһء
ûбвֻ˵
ֱһ̻˽ģ˽ģ
ֱһ±ƣTMǣʱ򣬻ӦԥԥĽ˶Է˵ģԵһ£ٴǿûдǸҡ
û˵ֱ꣬һ޴̻·ѻ˵һ
磺
ֱ˿
¶һǸı飬Ҵ뿪ֱߣӺֱ䣬α仯󣬵ΪԭǱβ֡
ֱһƬȻ
ԭķ˿׷תڣֱˣһβκ˴࣬˲תһ׬Ǯ
ֻ˿ǹ磬ǲǱвˣǣգգۣ˶ᱣġ
ĿԼǿˣ˿õһƬɣòЭ
ҧ²Ǵûбв
ĻһƮһƬġաۡ
ɫ̵ģɣıա ҹؼǣЧǸŮˣûܾĺ
ɤӸһ޻һε飬Ч޹أҵƷܶණʵʵΪһЩ⡣
ֱˣ
˵⻰Լ
磺˵ϹҲҪԼţҲð¾ôˡ
ҪڣҪų⣬ҪⱲ򲻵ǺöŻĿ
ȻҲԸԼıڣҪҲܲҪǲǡ
ֵĽǣԣǣЧ̫ͻ⣬Բܹ֣
Ҫ˵ô࣬ǵĲؼѵһЧ
ۼΪʵ𣿡
ֱ䷢˵ĵƣһ̣ᵽԼǰʱ顣
֮ǰ˵õĴգ徵ͷж˰ױݣԭ򣬲̫ϸʱҲ̫ԱͼҲˡЧԼ
ֱ˶á²ۣѻкһ̮۵ò˵ͬʱ־ʵǡۡ
ɣע⿴ЧԼҷ۵Ķ˲̫ԵĵطƤ״̬ûö𣿡
ԲۣƤ״̬̫˰ɣ
ŶԱͼҲĽͼ״̬ˣ
Ҫϴأûõģ˺Ǯڻˣ
ǿЦĺȦʵʵģû𣿡
˵ϴϴأЧĲϴ
ֱ˲㳳ô
һȺһǧһη࣬תƻ⣬զЧ˵
ʮĵֻ㣬һûвûõ㡣ڶģЧϡ
ˣֱ˽ллҡ
ֱ˿ôģ볳֣¶ɧȻ࣬Ͼ̫ȶȣϲȥÿֱҲû̫Ч
˷׷ֱ·ҷίѣưͳԻп˵
ԶũϵĹȴ֪ߵڿҿҵҩֲѵѧͽһ˰գȥ˸֤
ֻǻʱ򣬷Լׯ԰ﾹȻ˸֮͡
лҪ˵ǳ󣡣ûض
ͷء
һԲԼ

48


ոմˮƵɳ, ͷׯ԰ﲻ̫Ծ
ˮƻں͹˵ŻҪעⰲȫ, Уʮ ҷ޵ڲɿڣȻеõʾˡ
ûôһ¾ͿԽ۶Ǳλĸˮ, Դ˽Ҳûʲô⡣
ģҽ˹һ, עⰲȫģʱ¿λؼ, ¶һʱϢ
ˮһ
˵꣬ˮ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ򹮷, 衭
ͷѾ뷨ˣ⼸ø㡣
ˮ۾һ, Ư, ˭ܵడ
Ӧֻ޲ܸŶԣ¸˵, ˮ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ򹮷, Ǹ, ܲһ㣿
˳˺ܶ, ֻǣ¯ҩޣҵҩֺ֮, ǿԿһ²ܡ
ǣҩֲ֮󣬹һҲó˰ɣ
ˮ뿪ߵʱҲûǴ߹һĴ
ʱȥĥǸ֮͡
ׯ԰һ޴󷨰Χûйͬ⣬ʵǲ̫ܽģؼǣǴġ֮͡һ㲻̫򵥣ŨŨħҪѳˡ
ǳħüͷ磬ǵһμŵħ֡
ȡ˻ߣŻ߹ȥ
ûΧһƬüͷø֣֪Щҩû⳥
ֱߵм䣬ͼһģĶڵѾɢһأһһ룬˸ˡ
˼ЩѪģӣɢŨŨħҲ֪Ǿʲô 
󡣡զࡣ
ĳȻܻʲô
ɣԷٴҲЩҩ߹˴ģûɣûõ㣬Ȼộˡ
°ͣ΢΢˶٣Ȼǲȣ
˵ʵ磬ħ족ģӦԶνġӡҪصĶ࣬Ӧҩɾȡ
ң˿žǸѡġżﶼȫ
ǣ̣ôһƬҩģȻ˭Ǯأ
ôһ룬ȻǰǱǲȶˣ
΢Ͽʼĥôε£ǰ˵״̬ʵ̫ôġ
ħ壬ƻĳ׵ף벻
ؼǣħᴩˣĥͨ˿ܵģǸƲ֡ƫΪԴƣħ壬ȻӻٵˤãɣʣеʹҲǾԼӱġ
ֱƣκãʵǿЩеգǣڣԹڵʵͷϵҩģºѣ̫ܡ
ħѾƵ֫ٺҪȫܡ
ҩԡһ֣˿Ҳͷˡ
ҪǾˣûȻԭҩʧˣûضң˵ҩ;Ҳװ˷ѣôһ㣬˷ѵƺࣿ
°Ϳ˰죬ǷʱֹҲһ˻¶ǰˣǽɡ˳ӦûûԶںü
ҪԼﲻԣżὫƿ̨ĻΧ˸С𵤡
һ£Ĳˣǽ𵤣ǽ۷ʱڵħĽ𵤡
ɫ΢ݣ֮ĿƼǽȵȵȷм𺳡ɶķԶûκξء
ҲΪв
һֱö𵤣ŷ֣ķ˿Զ²Ҫǿ 
ͷ˿ǸѪģˣ°ͣû뵽ͦ󣬻ͦˡ
ûö𵤣Ҳûкʵİ취ȻþߣֻҲۿѡ
ǣھͲһˣֻǲ֪˵־ᶨܲܳסǼɡ
ĥһ£ֱӾԱ߿¯öħĽͶУԼʶһһһһƵĽħ֮ǰʶʶдʶȫѡ޳
֮յĴ⣬ɾֽ˳˵˵󣬻һߣǵޣûûкʵֶκʵֻǰҲһͲ
öһ˵ĵ۲ѵĽʦŲһö˵
ֻ˼ֹѪ˵Ǹ¶˻ȥ
֮ļѨλһһˣħߡ
ħ粢٣ħΪԴ˵ʵѡ
ħ漫ѣңħмӰħ¶ݣѪȲб
ǰˣתΪħޣκλ·
Ҳʵãպ֪ôħ
ŻΧǽ𵤵ʣħѪҺΪڻΧ˸СС󷨡
󷨿ԽֲħҲνġӡ£ˡȻ϶ϣҲһĿ֮һ
˿ɲΪôǳ˼
Щ֣֮ʰһת뿪ǺæģΪ׶Ȼֱ׹ 
Ҫǻĸɶ߳ȥǾ͵ʹͬⲻͬˡ˷ҲǷĵġ 
ʣµ߲ˣҩĽһˮһĶŻȥһۣ΢΢˶٣Ԥ棬Ŷ
һһӿ˹
Ƴһۣ±ˮ㶹û
һҲ֪ʲô˼ֻ֪һʳ۶ϼУǸʳṩһʳġ
˲ŵ亹Լýֱֻ֮Ҳ̫򵥡
ɲ֪ô࣬Ǹö˼û⣬ֻǶƷҲһ׳ɳ
϶ͣ۶㡭ж飬Ƥȵȶǧ֡
ؼǣֶȻǱ绹Ҫ㣬ܶණöֵġǰĥҪԶɽ챻˻һƬҩģʧһö裬ô룬Ǿòʹ죬ǵҪҸطõ׬
һʵʵȥԤ棬㿪ֱŶ
ߴֱ䷢ԤĹ򣬾һ˲䣬˿Ĺ٣ԣתֱַũϵǰš
ǸǾϲѣһɫһɫϲá
ֻһ̣üͷ
Ƴһۣ²۵еĳԣô㻹ˣ
̲סĳ˶һۣ̲סĸԷûʲôϵʶ
бһۣĲмֱˡ
ٺһƶ⣬ҪҵλΪֹ
ʵŵ֪֪жʳĶʵΪֻһ
ϡԼ˹ȥһ㣬˶֪֪ʲôʱʼ⡰İȨѾڶˡ
˵꣬һ㶣ԼҲЩӦˡ
ͷȥ̲סüǳʦӦ֪εεĶɣôԱݣ
λسʦӦ취õɣ
üͷ壬ûٶ˵ֻ˶û뵽λС·ô𾪡 
лҪ˵ǡߣ
ҷģжûеĻҵϴͷ

49

49
һԤոշų, 䶯˿ϲ, ϡĲ˵Ľֱ
ʦҵ΢õϢģҲ˵ֱ׵㡣
Ȼ˵ζûһԣ޷ֶжˮ׼˵, ֻũϵЩˣƷ, Ʒʲô
ǣ, ô, ǰٷ֮ڵġӡ
ʳ죬ǡֶ쳣ʮֵǵĹע
һ, Ԥ桰ŶҲͬ˳ʦЭԼ˵ע, ˣο
ȥ顣λʳĵĿ̶̳, ʳҪô, ϲܲ鲻
ˮײˡ, ֻðײ˵ĵĲ, ڶֱ߲ˣʶǡӡڰٷ֮, ҪöʳģҪ̫ò顣
һ˲䣬յ˵ʺ򣬿ƫƫϽͷϵϣϲһһ飬ûҵĿꡣ
ʦЭǱɾòӦá
ϾλһġˮײˡԼһʳĲԷʳĵı׼Ҫ󼫸ߡ
ֻжһṩԷȻҪŶѵܲϣ
ûκϢǾֻˡ
һ⡣
ڶʦһַʽõ
ɲһֻ¡
ϸˣɫҲ̫ÿ˶ܲ²⵽ô²ⲻ
ǣϲܳ⣬зũϵпһ飬ԲڲңȥƷʶ㲻϶ģҪǱתãҲˡ
뵽һ㣬ԸԼӣԶ¡
ֱܵôĹעû̫ķӦϾǡΡǮԸ͵ģǲ
ǰԼѾõĶŲ࣬ùһֱ
һε֮󣬹ôʼֱͦãϾͻ٣ⶼġ
뵽ЩڣӦʱ򣬾ֱӴֱһֿԡˮܳʱ䣿
ȻԼеڲٵģ̫֡
ֱ俪ǰٷְ˽ϵģʽֻͨΣǸκġ
ֻǣֱһһ߲ʦ̲סЦһ¶ֵĳͱġ
˼˵ΣֻĽ֪ˡ
ǳʦ˵պˮƽΣʹõĳȻҲǲһġֱȻ˽ʮǿ֣ǣڵĻʩֻһۣǿ˿ٵŵ
ŤͷԼ˵ũϵ˹ȻûʲôʶˮƽĳʦȻѾϵ
ҿҲ˳Цֻ²֪ĶЩļƷʳģԲžһЩ˵ۡҪ˵ʳĵ˷˲ǡ
˵ǾжΪ
ʦԭǸݳޣҵŵȼɶĶĺܣҲʮˡ
·ɫߵģʲôʦ
ɣ˸ո꣬ƼڰŪʲôϸ˿ˡ
⣬ôһ鶹
ؼǣװߣźЩ֡
ֱҲ׷ʣҲ̫ˣȻôһ鶹
ԭĶװģʶˡƽʱ̳Ҵȥ ±¶Լûʶ
ǳ˳ظԼģռ򵥣ֻǺķЩʱ
һڹǸɫɴʱҲŪˣ˵ʱҪţѾˡ
һǵ֮ǰֱʱ򣬹Ǻܶ࣬ҲôظֱĵĻǲڽ˵ⷽ⣬ôôĻϢˣ
ͻȻ뵽⼸칮ÿ쿴ֱ£̲סǳ鴤ѧϰҲͦǿٶҲͦġ
ֱѾһƬžˡ
ôŹӼɴԼһʲôľʵģ潫ǿ󶹸̳
Ƕϸۻףˮڹ΢΢˵Ŀⶼ档
ѵõǣǻ΢΢Ķζûֶȡ
Ƕۻֱ䶼ȥ
⣬⡭ȻԼģ
ȻӦȻǺڷˣţҪݸ壬Ƕ϶רѾǧꡣ
˵ʱ򣬻Ҫһ㳣ʶɣ
ţƤˣ
ʣµķ˿ҲڷӦ˹Բۣģ
˵ǿܲţҸոնԱһ¶ϵĶݶУУе㲻һ棬TMۡ
ϵɫȻһ䣬һάϵһ壬ǧĸÿһ˶Դ˶ǼΪҲڶĵĴˡ
ô꣬й¶
ǵһʱ䣬ж;
ʦֹͣԶϵǸҲκζð춹
϶ô꣬ȫרôֶΣ˲䣬ֱͱ޴Ļ
ãͣ¶ԶϵԼһвʵۡͣжڶķ죬Ϯ򣬶ϽȨ
ֱһƬžз˿ڴʱ֪Ӧ˵ʲôȽϺãһ
Ҳ˷Ӧһ㣬̲ס︹ֱ̣仹˼עһΣһΡ
Ҫǻһһ࣬һ⣬ֻ»²һ£ȶȣҡ㡣
ֱ䣬Щֱ˲һӦײۣҲǾ޷˸Ƶһ·
˶ûлظھĵλĻظ
̲סһһץס֣ǶôôУ
ڼˡȻնǣͶϼţԶԶԶңϵʮԶʲ𡣡
˵ⶹλ𣿡̲סʡ
ûлش⣬һ仰ʻȥ鶹ġӡȾ̶ڰٷ֮٣
٣
ϼĶۼ۰𺳵ĳ̶ȵģҲֻǣٷ֮ʮҵˮƽ
ɣϴһʳˮƽٷ֮ʮ 
پԼƮˣ̫ƮˣȻô룬ƫƫô֮ͷôҲ治ˡ
ң뵽֮ǰĳĻϸ۲ǿ鶹Ȼľãⶹۣϸ塭ؼǣûκζζȫ˶ζ
ĶԱٸû
Ŀۼڹϵʱ򣬹Цһ¶ԲмģѹסԱ߳Ҫ۵Ĺһֱӵ࣬˴Զʱڣִ߽ʩĶ˼ҵճԵġֲ⡯ĴмǧĹ䷽Ϊһ֮˽
˵ԼǰĶһ˵¢ϲ㶹ϵԴ
ЦԶһϻũϻ±ˮ㶹һｵһôǶϱģ
ֲǸոմǸ˽ڼȻҲóóȻ˵Ǹ
һ仰ڣϵɫױˡ
лҪ˵Ȼϴͷˣߺߣ~

50

50
һڱǧ, ԰ûһһ졣
򵥵һ仰±ˮ㶹һｵһ
, µ죬Ҳûһ뵽һϣһ䱻˴Ļ, £ҲѾûٶἰʲô, ɣƫƫ, òϵһǵǣһ仰, ֱӴеܡ
±ˮ㶹
Ժתƣ˶ڸŻζЩվ, Լ·𿴵ϵĸҲڸŻζ, ̮
ɫһƬɷףû˿ɫ, , ɫ, ִЩֻŵ, ѯӦô죬ôӦҲûκηӦ
, ûУûа취С
ǰλÿһ仰κηﶼûκġϣҪˡ
ֱ˵ôһ仰ϵʦٳûлӦֱ俪ʼ˳ʣȻûпǣϵôˣ
ֲŵĴ֪ûС
˾ôĬĬĿ׷жȵȶϵҲûһ仰
ʶ̿ˮ˴ߵĶôûп
ɤӸɬ󣬵ӡ֮УôһΡġɽȻľôһֱһ仰̮ȥˡ
׵ģ˶ףֻǣ᲻룬ʡ 
ǵģ仰ҪǷƽգֲ̫ע⵽Ҳ̫࣬ɷﾳʱ£ݲôҶһɶˡ
±ˮ㶹
±ˮ
¹ǲԶŻʷĻϵģҲˣҴҶڲһʲôЪ
ʵò ҲѾˡ
ôãôܣôһҫȻһЪϡ
ɣҪҵˣʱλ˵֮󣬶ϵ˼ž¹˭¹λ˵Ķû 
ҪɵƵĴȥҴֻûǸ
ٿ˼ġϸۻڣǶ㣬ͶνľƷһ죬һأеĲԶ
֮䣬ҪһǡϮǷ죬ֻǸҲԲᱻ뵽λϡ
ֻƷʣֻ£Ҳһ۶϶Ƕϡ
ֱ˵̫
ۣȴô޷ͣЪԶŻȫ䷽죬ôͳΪϵר
šһõôԴͼֵ
ƶϣ
ȻҲСٵۣߵĶһһĲʺƨĴꡣ
νʦûټ˵ֻ꣬ĵһûж˵ʲô ΢΢
鲻ֱѯʣ˳ƻش𣬡±ˮ㶹ͶȸãǸΪֲڣʺϳ塢ըȷʽһ֣ʯϸۣѩףΪˮָḻ˵ûʲôֻǣһεŶҪָˮ۵Ʒ֡
һ仰ֱӴ˶ܣֱҳһܡ
һ˲䣬ֱﲻ֪ʧ˶ˡ
ҵ˻ûκһ㾫񣬴ҴȥѰ˶ҲһĶϸˣ㱨
ϵ˻䣬ʳȦӶġרڣôһ鵰ֽզôı仯
ʯࡢ±ˮֱӵ˶ϼǧķʳȦ˭᲻棬ȥһԣ
ֱҲͬ˷׷ţţţǶһСֱ֮ʱְ
һ֮ǰˮײˡֱ һ˷ܵĿǹûпģʱҲǱǼ̲סĶһ
ٵȵͣһСƺţ͹ֱ֮ļ̶Ѿ޷ˡ
ֱﶼһӼûζҲǵʱ˲ףΪʲôھֱʳ֮󣬻ķӦ
˵ĿЩϣ̲סӷ⣬Ȼ⡣
⣬ζҲԶûô򵥡ĩɢ֮һӿʲôϵĶȻǺģɢһ޷ܵζĶ˽ȥһĨ֮ǶԽŨζȻһǡ
һֱ֣ͳ˶ݵɧɧһĩ֮˲ﵽ˼¡
Ȼ˶ʶģͨнĩȵȶ
Ǳ֮Ķ֭ˮԽۡ
żָ֭ˮͶĻϣĿ࣬ˮ硣
һ׸ɾĸֱʲôϣ֭ʱ˶̲סˡ
֮еŨŨζʵˡ
Ļ̲סʣǡģеطһζ㡣
ȻЩָ̼Ʒһ⿵ʱĶԲƷмɫζδҲ̫ˣ
ѾԹ𣿡
ѵû˿Կһ£ʲôʦأ

ٺͶ໥һۣһʼªĳֲмĳʦڴʱ˿̣һ仰˵Ҳ˵ڡ
һһ죬ճʹõ֮⣬ǾȻһûϳ
һ˫˫ֱ֪λ
Ȼûлظ˼ʮ֡֡ĵŹĶò֭֮һûǣǺ˵ϣһεҶ
۰Ͱ͵ĿŶʢȴûпͨȨޣûƷĶòˡ
̫ˡ
¶Զû̫оģʱҲǺͣĩĶˮ硣
̫ˣǡŶζŨִ̼ζ١
ҳһʮõľ޴̻ſͰ͵ĿǣʲôʱԳѽ
ڷ˿ҲˣѵȻÿһɹۣͲסҲǾ޴
ЩΧۣԭŲмĳʦҲˣһһʮõľ޴̻ˢŴڸУʳӦþãܹ
ЩʦһҲǲȱǮõֱ̻ĿᣬŴˡ
ɣͬģҲԽǰĶˡ
ֽһЩ޴̻ǰ棬˸ʮģԱ˸۵ģ󣬡Ŷ̫ˣʲôʱԳѽ
ⶹǶ̻ɢǸʱ·е̻ڸ̵棬ǰ·
ۿŶ˼˸ѹλʦȻһνǷʣµʳȻֱ͸
ԭôע⡣
Ҫֱ̫Ҫˣһŭѵĸ̣һȴǰ㶼ֱӻ˸õĶ̻ŶʵˣʲôʱԳѽ
һֱ̨ǲõȣһĿɿڴ
̲סɲΪЩƷļԲȶʲô
Ƶȥʢһ뷹ֱ˵תһһƷ
ֱôһ˲ļž漴ֱҵ ݷнڴʱֱƷȨޡ
ٵ˼ûаԥֱˡŶ
̣һ˲ֱ˱̵໽л
ٺͶ˿ŶԷûк˼ڣûýеġ³ֻǺԵĲͣ
һ˲ǧ˿ж̲סֹǾ仰ļȻԲȶ


51

51
, ȵĨ̿ڵȸȥ˵עѾֻŨŨζԼһڸȫע
⡰Ŷոʱ, ˾Ѿ֪ζӦʮֲ򵥣ɣôҲû뵽ζȻŨ̶ֳȡ
ؼ, ζڿǻ֮У, ʣ, ̼ζ, ֮⣬һʮ棬ʮִ̼, ǻǹһĴ̼о, ˾֣ˬ
ȥҧһ, һ¶ʱ, ŸоȫʵĿڸСղʲô, ô, ôˬڵĶģҲûõĿڸС
Щ㣬ʲô, һ̳ƺҲûĻۣڼ
һȥ˾һ˫ӣ׾ϲˡ
̲סһηǻ Ҳ۰Ͱ͵׷ʣ⵽ʲôڸС
Ǳһ㶣漴뵽һܣƺҲ򲻵ģ°ͣɴʮִ󷽵ġ͡һ⣬Ŷ
˴˵һСšĶҲ˵Ĵ˵
ŶҪģһ̣Ȼ顢ʡ㡢֡
ļԲȶǲļҲԲζĶԼʺ̿ڵʱԡ
㣬Ļۣȵ㣬ţ㣬ʣԼQִࡣһСѻ棬ĶؿڸУΪŶ꣬һС磬
°΢̧ԣǾ⡮Ŷпڣ
УУеĺܣ
ǫ飬ǫ飡
TMֻпڣԵӪʲô
ԲۣпڣҪ깴ߣŸİɣ555
ĻȻһˣƷֻ֪һ䡮Բۣóԡ
¥ϡ˵ҵ
˿һĻһ䡰Բۡѿڶ
Ȼζֱģ̫ˬˣֻҪһڣΪֹ𺳡
ŶõĴ׷ӿ֮Ǿ͹ֱ
һԲۡڵĻɢ漴һôֱĵĻûһ˵һ仰ǵĻɾΪֱǧĹۿǼٵġ

ôˣõ˽עʳ֮󣬲û˴
üͷţòУһֱʱҪٺúĥĥôʱͱ࣬ؼǻз˿
Щ͵ģǾһΣֿˡȻǾ鲻㣡
Ȼ֮󣬵ĻͿʼˢһĴͣһ̻һ̻Ϊʢ󣬿š
ڡŶζ֮еЩʦʳҲڷӳ˹Ķ׷׷ʡ
ʣƷʴﵽı׼
ţôôˬڣûζ
ΪʲôĶûκζζ
ʯ±ˮĶûĲ𣿡
ʲôϣ
ӣȵûʲôѡԣɷ˵һ

̻磬ҵۣü΢̧üҲٴЩϲˣһķ˿ȷǰεֻ֣е̫ˡ
ԸӦתȥ̨ǰæһĶ͸˰ɣ٣ǲ̫ԸԼԣȻûӰ죬ܾùֵֹġ
ۿŹ̨ǰæһοʼŪһʱ۾ǽһ˷ܺͼʲô
555Ŷ̫̼̫̫𺳡촽еholdס
ϲɶʣʲô
ûдֱȶȴһ㶼ԽԽ֣׼еûסֱ˦־õ̻˳ȥ˷ܲѵ׷ʣǽʲô
׼ĳ֣ʱõĻֱ࣬Ƚ᣿
ϼƲһʱ䣿
[ͷ]۵ûƲϱû򣿡
ũϵĹϱʱʲô鶼ûˡ
ؼǣһ̧ۣƼ˰׼𣬻΢˶٣һƬķ˿ǵԣŷӦǸֱá⡱ֱȶȱİ׼
ҲǴ˵еġְ֡ˡ
ԣİΣ΢̣жӣˣع⡣
˿һӾըˣһڲѣһǵΣԼԵģͲֱˣֱһӡ
һ۹һ齱ɡ
˿ǣ
ǣԣⲻǲǣ
Ǿ͵͵ϳζ
ʵڲУ㲻ȨޣǾһš
ǾͿҲа
ȻǲôҼȥֱ齱֮ʮʮֱӹصֱ䣬ͽǧ˿ԼûнĲʹʵֻûлԵĲɫ罻ƽ̨ʹధӣһͺܺóԡ
ʲô֪ɾ볢һ
عʲô⣿ҲҾͿҲš
ҾһҲ͵ԡ
Ҿͳһ㡭Թ⡭
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ֻǣϴһԺ̫Сֻܲݣĥһ£ȥʣ׼ĵַһ͸
Ը⻨õתһ١⡱ķ˿ʵʵĺáְ֡Ǽ̻ ԼпܣƲġСԼƲҪ򡭡
ûֵͦͬģһݣڻûƲ֮ǰְ֧ɣ
һЩ⣬䣬ҪǸ׼ֱ˵Ҳô类˶ϣôΣա
ȴǲͬҪǰ׼𣬽Ҫˮһ롣
׼һ˶ܵСʮ֮һˡġְ֡ǿԶġ
׼յϢʱѾ֪жྪϲˣû뵽Ȼܵλ˵
ΡΡܳʱŽַ
Ҫ֪齱һһݡ
ǮûǮ£׼ҿ϶Ҹ۶ĴǱȵãҸʦЭᣬǲҺ;Ǳ
ʳĵģܸ⿵ıȣܺ͹ٶ
˵ϵҪũϵ˥ܣȻתʲͦ죬׻ܵ˼Ӱ졣һݳ齱ĺö϶ġ
ɣ޾֮·
յ֮󣬸оԼƮƵ+Ƭַӷ罻ϣ˵ǿܲţҺεºܵõسʦûнǴȻһݣӡҵöԾհĤݣԣ
֮罻һǣ
һ̣׼·ŵֱ˿ɢζ°̧ţָоˬ
ֱõֱûҪʹ졣ţȻԽУɣ˽ޣԼʣȴֻһл˷ʹ죿
һ룬ͨѶʱŶȻӲ


52

52
׼ǷݽӲ, ڿͨѶ׵ֵʱøӽ
ľһ, ɬͨѶҪ˵Ѿˣ 
ϵ, ߡ
׼𣺡
һѾҶϵͨѶֱʹļסô޴, û֮ǰϢ, ֮һ
ԼǰĳԵģĥ, ڴҴҳڣܷ
Ƿ, ܰô
һ, ѾƲ˴֣˸, , һ, ƺҲôɣ
о, ֻҪ͹𣿺αںж٣ֻҪעԵʱҪѶȾ˾ͺá
ԽԽеֻǿӸոȥű, С㣬ȡ
׼𣺡
ǲܲ𣿡
ܷԸҵС㣬ܻŵġɴʮֵЦݣҲԶûзȡ
׼пӲϷ£⣬ͣѵС㣬Ǯ͵ģͼһӡ
һӡ׼Ҫôһӳһڣֻôһڡ
΢ЦһǰҾ͵ˡ
׼߷ǰ ǲǼң
ܹڶ̫̫ƽҾڸСҪʱԸҡ
׼𣺡ͻȻй
ʰ뿪Щ죬ȻǸĺæʵǹĵģҲĵ֣Ȼľôߡ
֪Ҳô
ǸոһҸ˵һζˣϣֱܴӵõϢ罻
ƭӡ׼ݺݹţ⣬һûںŭ֮ٷƵƬĸӲ
ֻȳһ֮
ж벻Ȼѡʱ£ѡ罻Ϣ
Ҳˡ
ĺ˽ţÿһ˶Ǵŭ·ôŭԹ顣
ʱ˵ǶһûгԵ
ǵȻԲţÿһ˶ţ
ֻ֪׼ɹˣ
Ǹɣ²⣬Ϣͷҷɣ·ֻ޲ý׼λشĹϵɾ
ũŴСɹشƷйɶ
̡⡯֮ũŰ׼ɹŶسʦũϵũĺ޹ϸ𣿡
ıôܡ

ٺͶҲᰡһλشĿѽȻˣһνǶ
ȻֻҪҲԵˣǸٻǶͲôҪˡǣһΣʱ˿̣ﱻ׼ߣȻȫһˣ
˰ũǷλشбܵʱȴһʮֲһܣϴδ࣬۵Ƕһֱһֱڼ䣬۵Ȼǰ׼𣬴͵ʱĿҲͬζʲô
۾ɴԲ
ȻԲλǮõȤ˼ҿ϶ֻѡһ˳۵ģҲպõ۵ġ
ô£ʲôϱ׼
ʣпܱѡеģ϶ֱǰŵ˰϶̻ŵʱְ̻
Ͼλôæôƣôôʱ;Щ΢С¶ϣ
뵽һ ʱ˷ˣҪ֣ɾԲй
ĥϢһߵĵ۶ϵǱһνܵ˶ƷŶһβԵʱ򣬼˶ûʲô̫ɸо֮󣬹Ȼ2.1%
˳Ĭã˵ҵķ˲һĵطأʳģֻʲô
Ȼ޴ʵվźܶˣȴûһ˵һ仰
Ϊ˭ҲҺ˵
վλǸ֪Ĭ˶ãſڵһ䣬Ǳ߿ʼ𣿡
±ˮʯַʽһֱ飬Ѿʼж
ֱʱȻֻ¶˶ǣɻʮԵܹһߵȷͷ
ԵһʣǶǱߡ
ûȡϵܣԶŻĴڲӦóΪĳһˣĳһ˽
һƬžȴ֪ӽ쿪ʼֻľҪôˡ
˶û־ÿЦΪϵĸȻֻΪһֱһ仰
±ˮ㶹һｵһһ仰ôϵķٸ󣬲֪ûôһ˲ĺڡ
Ǳߺ𣿵ȻڣԼҶֱȻʱһѺͰûУ෴ֻֿ˶䡣
ԭʼķŭջһ̣ѾȻ޴档
ǹɷŭŭȫûеطйǸ֪ĵ˭
ؼǣԷǿƺԶԶǵ
ǧĵõһֱǵŶԼǰûв䡰ӡûƷֻǾôţ˶ʧȥе
罻ͨѶȵȣû˿յкټ
ϻǧĲƸѵľΪһͿ𣿡
û˻ػһ㵱Ȼ˶֪ô¢ϡҵʳĵĹӦǶϵȷ˺ܶƸɣϸˣֻ֧Ŷ೤ʱ䣿
ʱõδؾʵʵĺô
ؼǣͷĴѹתƣֻҲˡ
ûһԼһ仰˼һҵԾϾʵʵԼĶûдʲôƫƫԷʶ࣬Ҫʦ棬ȥҲǵڵˡ
Ƶĵͷϵ䷽оŸˮǵġ衱
ѾĥĲ࣬Ѫ״̬ãȻȻľ˲ǣ
ֻǣⲹﻹǵ÷ֻһ±׼취Ҳһ£衱
°͵ͷֻ㲻ôŹһָʼҩĽ޳ħȻɲΪˡѹեͯǶʶԼõһֶ
һһͨ죬һϣǵ΢ʶķѵĸɸɾ˶ήҲ񣬿ǸӲǡҲﲻı׼ֻǱոտʼһĶѡ
Źֵôһӹٲһ飬ӡֻʣ˲ٷ֮һһĿɿڴӹ˶дȻ
ʮʱ䣬ѾţһãСѧͽʵǱȽģֻǣ϶˵ڡ
һոģȴ־ħ޳ĸɸɾУȥ˯ɡúö
һɲˣʵʵ뿪
ĵﻹǱһҪùǿԵģͷ˷䡣
ٹһ£СѧͽͿ˾óˣ硭쿪ʼùһʼϴˣ
߲٣ħ٣޳Ҳɡ
Ǹð취ȻԼΪ˹һãԼ͵һ϶ûзܶļ顣
һгɾ͸еһһӲװ;ϣԼֱΪ˹һĽɷѿģ
ֻļƻûüʵʩһѾԼʼָܶŬ֡
Ϊһ繮һֱӳţʱ򣬾Ϳۿͨ죬ͨѶûһɫż˻ƣˡ
лҪ˵ע
ûж
Ӯк
֣ʮ

53

53
壿ôƬ̵, ŷӦֳһеͨѶ, һ۾Ϳ罻ȫѵĵһ··˺
·һιһἰ, ˵ԭĸ׺⹫µ£ʼûϢ, Ҳû뵽ô, Ȼˡ
һۿͨ죬, ûסһѱס˹Ŀ˳, Ҳ, Ҳ ҲҪ𣿡
ͻȻ˹ı˵ܵһ, ЩӲ, βֹȥ˸ļ, ֻ䲻, ôµġ
һ᲻ͣ£ȴûнӻ
, ʱ֮Ѿ˵ˣԵǿܳSSSĳ壬޷սʤģǰ·Ҳܴ⡣
һ˫ճ˽ȭͷһ죬ֻᣬҲû˵ĻΪ֪·Ǹţǿţ·ǿ
̫ˡ
ǳҲֻһ׸Ҳ޷ҵκõϢӲа취Ȼ
ģֻŬ취Լǿ٣δĳʱ㣬ȥѯһ㡣٣ҲҪܹססԼһˡ
һ֮ǰܻǸӣЩԵĺӣκǰԼҪŬɳҪ㣬ֻǸûгĺӡ
ɣһ֮󣬹ȴȻɳ
ˣûûϣܻԼͻȻһӳɳ
˵ʵٹҽڵһĳɳӦõģɲ֪ΪɶǾЩ˵ܵܡ
ùѣһʼڷѧ֮ʱʱ̶̿ҩķнжһһģǿҲԼѧ˴гȡ
ˣǷѧҲһСѾ޳ʺħҩ
̾һԴ
һҪǴ󳳴֣ҪȥˣҪʲôܷһ㣬ƫƫµʲô˵ֻſʼŬǿ󣬹ˡ
ôţ˵ܻܵе̳ϣġ
̾һ԰·ûʲô飬ɣ׻Ǻԭ֡ܲܣǣһ棬òϵһ㣬ܣҲܲˡ
ʵҲʵ̫ˡ𵤺ڵħǰ´֮⣬Ҳûа취£ֻ˱࣬˵£ȥѰҵһˡ
ô࣬һΪʵʵģ˵εõõ㣬ʯԼĸǿһ㡣
뵽ˮƷһϢƷһѾʱá
ȴûеȵˮƵĻظʵʵʼȻʦŲĺöʼȥЩ˲ʶ
ɣʡ͵ϡЩҩǺܻӭġˮƻûлظҲмţ϶׷
ʶķˮɫҲǲҰһƬũϵʲôڣҲûʲôΣա
ɣû뵽СѲߵʱ򣬾ȻֱײһСͷɴǼʺ
ؼǣ̨Сͷɴֱ֮ԣũϵûʲôڷḻԴҲûʲô̫ļֵڵĸתƵ۶ϵס
ûʲôȫûе˵Ǽʺ취ضԷźţȴֶԷǰˣ׼ũϵ׷ȥԷɴ䣬̨״Ҵ룬ɴڵǸĻˡ
Ǹ޷ֹסѪۿ״̬ԽԽɫɷףĴ
ũϵ㣬óȻ׷ȥԮϣԣĳ£Ǹǵˡ
ӦõһʱϱģȻЩäĿˡ
ȴԮĻ㱼䣬ԡ˶ˡһôһ˲ڹרϢѣȻ뵽ʲôӶʼңҵ˹͸ǸСƿһöɫҩͳǰʧѪ࣬Ѿݿ˵ͬǸʡ
΢΢һᡣ
뵽ЩصģЧ衣
뵽һ䣬ƲҪã˷ѡ
ǶȻעһǿģŴֱӽҩݣ˵ĶԼǰˣȻ󣬾Ŀŵ£ȶһϣѪҺֹסͬʱƤⶼʼ˻ϡ
ͬ鸹˿ҲѪҲһϡ
ˮƣ
΢ʾʣѪȣѪѹȵݣһ㲻ոյĲ԰׼˵ӡ
ˮƣ
ӽ쿪ʼͲǸˣĿ֮е
ԮӵִǰѸ̨ϵܣ˼ɫ㱣ѹҲϾȻ˸ԣҲھһʧѪô࣬ȻԶˣ
ˣѾϵƣѪѾֹס
š
Ѫ
ˮȶĻеҲ߾Ԯ˵иһ˹ȥ 
յϢʱ򣬴Źһ̽ʱˮƿһ˲䣬۾Ǿ޴̽յƵһ˸ִۡ
΢ЩŵĹһǳ鴤һ£ֵ仯
ˮƲģץŹ֣춼᲻ɿˣҪ㣬ҿ϶һӡ
һڹһʺš
ͻȻһסԺҪл裿⡭е̫ˣ
ȴˮƵҰҵĵҩ棬ҪȻСҶѿ϶Ϊˡ
һһ£뵽һ£͸ˮһö˵ԡĵҩԣһ㵺±ƵĿǰˮƣԣһΣĵҩľ
һЩ㱣Щ¡Ȼ֪֮ɣֻΪҩþȣһǾЩȻͬʱ˿˿ƵĲš
ֲţԼѾ᧿ΣĿѧۺۡ
һĬȴü΢΢Ҫõ㣬˰ٰʮõ㡣
һǲԼ̳д188ûҩ裿
ˮƣ
ֱԸӣŹ֣Խôôϧľҩ㾹Ȼҡ
Ҫ㣬һΡ 
ˮƵ˿˿ƲдѪԼԼƺʲô
ˮƻڸлЩڣ֪ЧôãӦֻһģžˡ
һ˰öҩ裬ҽԺ֮ǰȻѾ˴룬ûҽƲգɲ˷𣿣
ԣŵ˵ͷ˵ȷأЩ˷ˡ 
ڿϧˣһ
ȻҲרΪһģˮƵͬʱҲûԼ¡
Ѿˣʮһ۸õ㣬һǧöķݶǷݣպã״̬ãÿһȳ졣
Ѫڸո˵ˮ˵ҲǶ֢
ģʮֿ٣õǹƿˮơ
ˮƿɲװʲôģˣһ˷ֻּ޲ñŹִҡڣһûеһö
ոڣƺѾܵһůܵ֫ٺָ˲٣ͬʱԼ̫ԣɣԹһΣ̫ࡣ
ûʲô£ԼҲˡˮݼڼ䣬ܸĸɻʮĴԼҵܵ뿪
һֱصңıᵽһ˿˿Ѫζվǰ˶٣Լʲô
һ£ϽԼ䷭ȥȥǸ֮͡ⶼˣҲ֪ûС
ǻ˲õġ                        
лҪ˵ңڿѽ
ڼҲҪѽ
ǲŸʡ֣ҲΪ

psǸ˵ҿǰֻдĶ
һ͵ңһ֤ݣ
ߣҵĺ~

54

54
ҲΪһ״̬, Űׯ԰Ĳ֮ˣ, Щպͺڵġ
һˣˣؼˡ
̾һҴҸϹȥ, һ۾ƼѪģĸأԼܿԷĺۼ
ֻ, ھһ
ƺ˲٣ȻɿѪģ, ܶദ˺۶ûкõƣϢǿࡣϸ¿ȥ, üһżˣ˾ͲҪװ
һ˫ӶȻ, żѪ, ٷĶȻ
ŶԷ, Ļˡ
ĿĶ, ɨһ, Ŀϵʱ, ôһ˲üͷĿɻ
¿ھ޷, Ѿѣ޷ڵˣ𣿡
ʮ΢ķȣ˵ͷ
˵ƺӦʮ־ʹģƫƫ˵ɫϱ龹Ȼû̫仯־ᶨˣһøеġ
ȻҪġ
ĿƵĿˣ˸ЩĹ⣬õ𣿡
ˣ
һ˲£ǰСﶼôһ˲漴ԷԱϣϣ˲̮ı飬һʧ
Է˵Ҿ֪ǿˡ
ˣһΣûסȫ޴ʹģʶǳ鴤ôһ˲
·ǿʱüͷһһ˴ʯҩġʱ䡢ŽȻһãд𣿡
Ĳ죬·Ǹ޷ţȻǹ
ǳ°ͣ΢΢̧ͷԷ
ЩǳѾˣҪǲܣƣҲǺܺңҲһˣʵҲͦ¶Ľ֡ 
ǣҾ㣬ǩԼ򹤣ծ񡣡
ҾķҲߣ٣õɡ
Էǳ鴤һ£ĵһۣ㲻ͬ⣿
ңԲκһܾ
ἰһ㣬Դ̽Ŀ˹һۣ漴ִһ㣬޿ɷϣΪ֮ǰûԼĻлһ졣
ɻ̽ܺõȡ˹ü΢̧ԼӦҲǺģԣǩʮһӦǲɣ
ʮһȻǲ 
ֻǣһҲãǻʮ¶е̫˰ɣ
ûʲôӦüҲЩ֮ɫ
Ȼſʼĥǰ˵Ʒ˵ʵ ڴ֮ǰҲûнӴħ磬ħ޵ˣҲ̫ħ޵ľ 
ֻǣ֪һ㣬ħʴʱħԳ˵ǴˡȴҲ֪ûС
ճƺҲת֮ҲɻתΪħ
Ļħƺ޳֮Ӧڴ󲹣ʲô
Ǹ˵Ŀ⣬ôƬ̵СС顣
漴ͦףȼһ㡭ᶨ֮ɫ
ȻǰٷְаգǣҲֻ΢еϣˣ˶
ĥŷǸ˶Էһʦ￴һħ޵Ҫڵħת
ǣҪ޳еʣֻ
üͷ壬ȻԹĻʮֵɻ
ΪáˡҽԱȽϺã͵ڵȾأѾȫûа취ȥģӦΪ
͹෴̽ĿԽ򹮷ԣȾǺأѵͿȥ
ֻҲֻǰС˵Ļ
⣬Լ㣬ָպɺϣԵɺϲſԺ磬ʲô˶ԡҲһӶûеˣǽһ䡣
ȴû˵ʲôǾͲˡ
֮˶Էһö裬ֹѪܹûдģȻħ֮ĶԳʹɣ˻ܱҪá
裬뵽ˮƵһöǿǰ˰ٰʮõأôöҩ;ֻۡǰ˴ڿһ㣬Чһ㡣
˳¶֮Ȼüͷһ£ɵѵĿŹ
ôһ˲ԼʦġŲˣûʲôЧ
ſһҸ͵ӪҺ̣ܺȻ̫ˡǣǺʳģЩˮ͵ӪҺڼҲˣǰҲպãæһ䣬Щ˰ɡ
˵ȥӪҺ£ˡ
ڰ뻵ľ˸ŻѪۣԼΧһƬǽ壬ôһ˲Ľֱһ˲¡
Ȼһôط
ɣ漴ĥҲáһ䱸ĶûУ˴ؼңҲҪѵġ
ɣ֪Ϊɶôţ̲סǳ鴤һ¡漴ڸط˺ѸУ򴽣Լ侲չ֮ǰ˵ַʽһת
ǹת֮µĲ֣·һöУЩۼ
뵽˹ʱ˵ʱδ֮ԣԣǹ ʲôʵǴҪؼʵڵСС
ŬֱۣӪҺУ֮ʳɾζûгĺӡ
ֻǣңվʲô¶ûУ֪£ɳ࣬ٴԼ
һˮڱ༭ĥҩϼܵ£˵ʵļҪлܾһ䣬û˵꣬Ѿſˡ
ֻһ棬ͿӦǸСļˣϾģͦġ
һ£Էȴһ ˮС㣬лͰĸףлл㣬̫ллˣ㣬Ҳ֪Ӧôˡ
лͰȻǸܵСֻǣǰ˿ˣ֪Ϊɶ˿źǸСЩԼЩ졣
ˮæһܿǰ˷˺һǡǰ
ǵӱӱŮʿʵÿУǾĴżеĸо
ӱ֣ڻǺǣʮǰˮƵżûеӱ̫һУҲŮԿھôԶô¡
ֻǣܿϧǣʮǰһ⣬ӱٱۣۺƾϵû뵽ӱľȻũϵ
ʵҪңҲԽȻҵļ룬ΣգɴȲԮϵԼżˮƸھΣðʧ¡
ӱ֣̫࣬ԷܴҼҴˣȻҲаղ˲֪
ҵ֮ǰԷ˺Ʊĸʴųϡӱڵ
һȥ𣿡
ˮƻвͬģæվ
ӱеСƿӣ΢΢죬ʲô
ȻĺãǱԼͯż񣬾аƼԼҵˮƻʶسһ£С˵衣
ӱȻҲһ£ȻһӦǿˮƵʶԽһ𣿡
лҪ˵Ҿǻеڶģǽе䡭

55

55
Լż˵ʲô֮, ˮƻôһ˲ӱ, ǲǲ㣿
ŸϽȻ㣬ѵַң漴Ĺȥ
һֱԼͨѶļԼżͨѶ, ˮƻһ㱣øⲻʵ
ŵӱȥ, ǵӱŷԼѾ, ڼƴǵ㾫, ȴֲǶãǺ
лͰѾڻıԵ޷, ޷ʹûҩ, 仰˵ﶼ㲻ϡ
, ȼ͵Щ, ԶҪ
ûһεİ, Ҳ˶á
ǵӱΪʲôҪ뿪۶ϵԭ, лͰ޵ĺһ㡣Ҫھôҵĵط̫ۣ̫ࡣ
ֻ, û뵽˶Ȼҵ
üĿһѵܻѾץˡģܵӰ졣ˡ
㡭ʲôȻӱԼҲսɱģڳ˵ԤҲҲȥԮˡ
˶٣ֵ㣬Ҳûϵ֪Чҩ϶òƣѾԮҩķø㡣
˰ٰʮõ㡣ˮѿڶ֮󣬲һηӦԼȻĸԼżҪõˡ
˶ˣõ㸯ʴ
ô£
˭֪һ룬ȻԼżֱӸмƷˣֻǣ֪㣬ٰһݣ
ˮ̻΢ԥһ£Ұʣǲұ֤
ӱʮֳϿҵĵлˮ뿪ӱû뿪ʼվҽҵ棬ҽܿҩûиã෴ЧǳСлϾͿתƵˡ
һλأӱžɺ𺳡
ϵѾϡ
ҽ£Ȼŵģֻȴָš
ִھĻ϶Ǽ豸ԣʱ˿һöҩ豻ݣһһݣֱȻûκεĺ֢
ӱܲ죿
һǧһЩ˵̫ѣǶЩ࣬ʽʵ̫٣յЩĳ̶ȡ
뵽ӱȻʱԼˣĥˮƵġ衱ǶЧӦûɣ
ϾֻˮˮƤ֪Чˡ
ǱߵĹһô׽ڽˮһͨѶ֮󣬴֮ǰǸôȥ衱ĺ̨һδ֮ǰ188򣬸ĳ888
ؼǣ漴Ľöһա
һ
Ҫ ɹֻǸʵ̫̫ˣ̫㤡
ɣ漴룬ܱǼʺ˽ߵģӦҲȱǼһ֮ʱ־ãġҩЧôãô۸ʵǵˡ
°ͿŹ֮󣬱õĿʼǿˣվԱ΢΢˶٣̲סһδ罻ûа·
Щ̫һȻ廳ޣ˰·ʧ٣ȵطʱֻ˵Ѱңʱûза·䡣
ҲѾкַܶϢ
ɫԴӣ˵Ҳһ֮󣬾ͻ£ȶҲһԺʱ򣬻̾һ䣬·ϧô硣
ͱ˵ĳĳϢѾβ͡
ĳʾ뱻ĳ
ͷƤģϵıҲģûһȺ֪ͨ£Ҳûˣ˵Ʒ»ȻҲû
ؼǣ֪˭ôУȻֱƬΣֱѡ
Ⱥ˶@զ£ģզ֪ЩզôУѾˣô˾Ȼǰ¡
ؼǣѶ罻ͨѶ˺ըˣ͵ģƫƫһЩظϵеġ
üۣõ۵ĲС
ֻϣ̵ϴεɧ
˵ǿܲŵģڣһΣԲҪܻظңҰְ֣
͵ͷ⵳ɣò˵ֱĿⰡ
ϲ˶Ϊⱻȥġ
ؼǣ˼ҲǱ⹻㣬Ҳдٴ죬ںݡ
ǰ˸ɧ۽򣬸עĿǰ²Լۣ۹衯˰Ȱ޹֮󣬾ֱӱɾ
±˵磬ңҲ̲ˡҲӲܣһʵġ˰֮ҪֱʼԴˣķ˿Ȼʮ֧֡ȻΪڵҾ²ˣķʽԽԽӱˡ
ҪǾôչǹ棬ĲܣҶ˼
˼ǣڿֱ֮һ󲨺ڣȻ֯ǲϳǺйϵһǧ˺֯мɣؼǻĻɡ
ЩĻ˵ʲôأ²ֺۣڣܹĿƺֻһǾǲټֱӲùȥ
궫·ʲôŭԹ¶
˿ʼתĿ꣬˲ֱȻҺܿĿꡣ
ǣڶٴֱʱǰֱҴʴֻͣΪ˽ġ˶Ϊǡ衯Ǳ߳ŲסҪǮƽ
һõ㣬ƻ˿ΣӦôѡ񣬴Ӧöˣ羹Ȼѡǰߣ˱βţ
һɧ۰ֻɹؼǡ⼸췢˸ܡ
ɫѿǹؼˣԸ۽򣬶ҪֱͣΪʲôΪ
ҲˣȻΪܻǱˣ
ӦȺˣֻ޲ÿ޸ǿǣԩⱻ˰ǳҲĲ
Ⱥ˶Ҫըˣһ࣬ҲҲҲҲҲҲܡ
絰ۣTM˭֪⡰衱ЧȻܺõ
һÿֱʱظͼȻ˿
ŭǣòϣ˾ĺڣļűÿһŶһ¾硣
ԱÿһͼȻ˾ǣƤ״̬ۿɼ״̬ڱãٿһ죬һĶԱȣֱʱû˾жױ֮ģôʵ֮ĥһ⣬ԣһǧ˵ĿġĿְ֣ӽ쿪ʼҾķˣ֪֣
Բۣգûֽţ
ĳʵѣ⼸Ҳֻһ䡮ԲۡԱҵ顣
˽һ¡
ȡעҲԣְٰ֣һΡ


56


ŭ, ǣ˭
, Σһζûʹ࣬˭⣿
ԼͨѶ, 罻˷Ϣ˶е㲻̫á
, ׹ã, Ӫ˾쵼˾λ, ڼͨѶѣ֮żҪˢˡ
ÿһӺ汸עĶﲻġ
һmmp޴й
ĶǵۣӾͲרҵһר־ĺͺ𣿸ôרҵTMĲǺ˺ģ
ؿ, ܾԼһ͵Ҫ߳Ⱥ, ·Ѿǧ򣬼, ʮڡŮ˶һ׷Ź˶̫á
ҵĻ, ʱ, ֮ǰҹǸ, ͻȻˢڸˣ̬ȳɵ˽, 㣬Ǹɣ
ôһ˲±ƺɵۡ
ʱ䣬ģ߶衭
һûа취˷ʲôߣʲôһĶϾ̳ƽ̨ϵĵʵ̫̫࣬ӣʲôⶼС
˵⼸յһ𣬹ؼǻ˰һ˳һ뵽ϵĸж
粻֪£ӦǶĸʣǣ¼֮ôʾͱ˰ٷ֮١
ҴææȥظԷ˽ģҪöԷһҪϢųȥǣѾˡ
ͨѶַըһϢʾĶֻһ£ء衯ع⣬ͳͳ޻Ϥõ漴ųԴĿǰֻƷ
磬͵죬ûʲôһ㣿
˰˰Ҳ⣬Ǿһԣһأ
簡ʵڲУ㿴ܲһ㣿ʱٷָ㣿

۴ͣûһ˿ȥԺһѣǿ²ҵ̣һڵĲü𣿣
ֱᣬΣôֱ͸ٶôֻ࣬ⱲӶûϣ
ŻⶼˣȺһǧѾ죬ôգʱƺҲѾûκμֵһֱһ仰˵ˡ
ǻͽһȺ취ȺҪһڲԴ
ԽգȻԽϲã̳ǵǸȻһ˲ʵ¡
ȻЩʱûֱתõ㣬ǣֻҪлõˣһ̣ʱ籧ߵĺøС
ˣȻ
ѹֲʱķ磬ڻǴչ˿ڡ
Ѵѵˣÿһһõ㣬͵׬ˣ
ֻҪôһ룬Ѿðˡ
һҲʲô󲻹ˣѴԵȵľǸֻһӴҩĵֲɲС£
ϾЩҩĻлתõ㲻ǡãֽṩĻԴȥ
ֻǣһæŬŰ·£ţҩתõ£ȫʳֱǻ¡
ֱѣԼʳȦӣǳʦЭᡢȵȵطѾȵûл飬ôȲֱĿӵȲֱԤ¡
٣׼ȵһķ˿ֻǲҪˣÿӪʱ򣬼ֱǳΡ
ɶũţʦЭᣬȵȵط뷨Ͳôˡ
Щ˵ɲʳҲʳصĶ
ɶһʷͻơ
սԸı䣡
ǿͼĴڣ
Ĵֵڰٷ֮ٷ֮ȻʳģʡǾ൱ڣ롰ˣоˣ
һԴģƹ㣬Ǿζţ
ؼǣʵ޵Ĳԭ򣬾ǻ;һֶζʲôǵʵһοһɿռ䣡
ԳȵΣյʱҲӵȫһʵ͵ 
˶ڵȣȣֵȣ˼Ҳˣ
˴Ŷ߲ôһ죬⣬ǾδôһȺˣȻĳֱ棬
ʱֱ֮ûκηԤ˼˶ڴɣͨʲôʽʲôû˵λκһϢ
Ψһ֪ģԷӦǵ۶ϵũϵˡһŲ֪
ӴĶ١׼Ѿһһ飬ûзκ⡣
Ψһİ취ǵֱ̨ݣǾԿڰ·У·ʧѾһܣɳȥ˶ûҵ
ֻȷϰ·һܺԲŻᶨһλԿš
ɫ࣬ѿ㡣
񶼲֪ƿһǵѣ֪ԷĿĵʲô
Ǹ˶֪ȾȵĶζʲôɶԷȴƫƫĶֱֱ֮ͳȥҿͼ
Է͵ĵһǶʳҵƹ㡣ڶ͵ǰ׼Ҫ׼ũţԼǰ׼ķ˿׽¹ȥ
ʱ׼ֱȾȵģпֱܾʡôôɺϣô˳Ȼ
ıۣ̲סҪǳԵûκζʳƷǲеġӡ𣿡
Ա߻иģҲЩɵĶʱȻЩнȴ̲סҲһ£͵ĶǵմͶߵģ᲻ˣ
ôһ˲ļž
עֱЩ⣬Ϊ˶һ˼άʽԲС 
˭֪Ȼ˵ôһ䣬˵Ŀⶼ
ǶˣͰ͵ĵǣǾֱһὫ͸˿ĵһˣԣҲʶĿһ
֮ԱǣˣĶʲôõûеģںһõ㣿
Ϊ˶һǳ뷨ֱ裡
ΪλǹעЩһ˼ҵļֵԶ˼ǣôģ

걻λɫ׵ĸˣæ˵ԼˣûʶϹġ
ɣʶģ˻̲סȥ˿ֱϵɺϣеˡĶ 
ǣǿת˻⣬ĳɹΣ
˻صʯ࣬±ˮѾ˶ͶϼеˮƽѾ࣬λֵġŶмࡣ
ʵ100ֻڲϵĽ΢ԡ
λȻϲϣǾͰһѰɡ˵ȻѾȷΪΥרôģҪ
ɫ˱䣬ʱ򣬿ûаɫ仯£һֶû˵ڡ
ɲ֪ôıۣҪ֪Ҳ̫ӦܸĻǻᡰί񡱵ĸ߶ԷôǳΨһĿһ㣬õ㡣뾡õ㡰衱ɣ
Ȼһֱʱ죬һһĩʱ򣬹Լ˺üֱˡ
лҪ˵˵ǿܲţеƮˣһҾȻŽж

57

57
ȥ, ڰ·¶罻̸۵ԽԽ, ҲԽԽͣؼǣ·䲻, ĶѾǸһܣȴϢûС
л, ʵ΢С, ڵ۶ʱ򣬹һŶ׵ĳȥѰҰ·䡣
С͸ײ׽, ·ġ塱ġ硱Сĳ, Ľ, ǶŰ·ġ
ĳһ뵽ʲôץ˹̲ס, Ҿðһʧٺ͹Ѳϵ
, û뵽һ㡣
, ˺ǸŮ˸ôǡһսȭͷ
һ, һ˵治ûеġ
·ԭ⹫ĶʮֿءȻԭ׽, ɰ·͹һ֮ĹϵȴǷǳ
հ·ʵ͵λԼԹһĿأŮ˼ӣҲңϵũϵֱֽš
һܣľÿ԰ٷְٵסСһֿܾǣ·һλ£Ѿ֪
·£Ϊǡ
üͷ·ҲǡԼˡΪǼ˳£ûа취Թˡȥ˻̫ܣҲҵõһ£ԼԽȥ˲ǡ
þʵҲҪŹһص۶ˡ
˵ص۶£˹һֱӲ߿Ŀ۶ϵĴѧмְգ
һͶ䣬ֱţŹ죬һ仰û˵ǣȻûмڵĴ㣬ôӵĿһ
㻹֪ûϸ𣿡
ǲУѧϰд߰̾Ϣһֻİ취ˣֵֻûöõˡ
һǲԼӦ쿼
ѡԵֱ©˹һ仰ʼ׬Ǯ¶һûгʦ궼û£ֻܰŹȥһȥʡ
޵Ĺ̵̾һõ㶼ûõָ֣о̫ˡ
Ҳʱ򣬹ֱ£Ȼ̫ȶ飬Ҫ˵СǲҲǲǣ
뵽ʱ˹һʲôֱ
һ۾ʱһ⡣
֣˰죬⵹Ǻð죬ǣôͷȽϴȶȱȽϹ㣬ע⣬ͱȽѰˡ
ҪȻһ۹һ𣿡
һ۰Ͱ͵ĿԼҽ㣬Ҳʳ
ףһۣʮο ϳӪɣ
ˣҪӪܳøߡ
һʱɵˣνĲʳǱһǰᰡǰ϶Ҫѽ
ֻۿŹ̳µһֻǿЦˣСĴǰȥֱԤ棿
°΢̧Ӧһˣ˳˵תߵģһ
һ۾ɴԲˣеĶתˡ
ϳʲôֱʲôأ
лĵ㿪Целðƺֱ֮濾⼸СʱͿ÷˿רעĶֱ䣬ûζţûеóԣûеÿӦþоȥ˰ɣ
Լֱ̫ˡ
˵ȵȵûл죬ֱСʱ ŷ
Ѿûпֱˡ
Ѿ116Сʱûпֱˡ
ѾǧŰһûпֱˡ

˳ŶζԶʱڵûôѳԡ
ɾ˻ڵʱʱֱͻȻˣ
˶κϣʱֱ侹ȻôųֱԤ棡
˭뵽ģ
˼Լʾ춯ֱ֮䣬Ҳ˲ϵǿԤ档
ֻԤ棬ҲⰡ
Ԥ=ֱ
ҹһֱûκĿĹ¶ĵȥͻȻ˸ʱƣһӾͱûôѰˡ
һһ۾⣬ӽǾԲٳȥˣǱҪȵֱֱӿΪֹ
˭֪һֱͷ֣ԤǰεĲһ  ǰֱʱ䲻˵һβתг齱һξȻת֮ߵǸнƷ 
˵ʵֱĳֱһ㶼ųߣһ˵ֱӿֱ˵Ҫ齱ڹ϶Ҫθڣƭ˺֮
ֱ䣬ǵϣûѾֱˡÿÿ˸ո֪Ҫתг齱ʱѾȷʱ򣬼ʶûа취Ǹӹֵǣɶζ
ֳ齱ûκοӿ꣬ȫʵ˾Ȼûеطʹ
ֻǱ˼¡
һΣƶȸˣ
һֱ侹ȻҪôƾʵýˣ
ת齱ޣ·ֱˣӦ˵ڼǧǰͱˣɴʱ˿̣ȴ˵ע
һ˵Ǽʳҫ
һ˵ʹŴõ㡣 
һʱֱ֮пϢʹҴת˳˿ʼޡȻϣ󣬵ǣ˭֪أ
ĳһûüɢͿֱ䶸ȻԤ棬ĳͻȻһȻĵһĿӰһһΪĿһΣƣֻ»֪
ǧǰѾϢʱ𣿡Ϊԭʼᣬ⽨ᣬһһжĿ֮У
ҿҲĿ겻
ɲǡ
ԱǸ֮ǰѵĶԼͥȺԼү淢ǸϽȥҸСת޵Ϣ
ԼԼǰдз׷׵ͷŪԵĶ
̲סһ
ٺͶȻҲ⣬ôרעֱ䣬ȻҲֱµĵһʱͷϢתԱޡ
ֻǣȶȻȽϸߣɵױȲĳЩ죬ĳЩ죬׼𡭡
ۿŰ׼ĵңңȣֱӷºԣһֱʳ˶лԵͳõ
۾ˣˣ
ףŭ⡣
ȻȻǵķŭ˿öûУǰ׼죬ֱ俪߻񽱡ѵ½ȫȶȰ񵥵һʱԽԽ˲뵽еʱ
罻ǧһβ˿˿Ŀ١
һЩǣ˾ȻҲѾתԼ򣬼ǧĳ˶ˮַ׼𶼳ˡ
۶ϵĳֱǶСүսսΡΡĿҵĴһۣŵӣŵԽԽˡ
Ҫһʲôãƽ챧ŹԲ֣ôؼʱͲˣ
ĳСүίĲ޳ˣСһСҪȻԱһϵͳڵˣ
֣
лҪ˵˹ȻҪ밡

ޡ

58


СĻ, ңûһҪλˡ
һ˵һ仰, ͻĳҵĴ󶯵
ڣÿһ˶Դһɫ ĸ֪˵, ֻ»ҪΪǲʲôǧѣΪʲôȫ
ֻһֱӵ˲֪, ʲôش¼Ӳʲô, ʧصĴ¡
ǰעģֻһת֮ĵؼ, תûκιϵֻһʳֱת
ۿǰ˵ɫԽԽأ˼ֱǿЦ, Сֹ, ˵Լոձ£תͿԼү@Լװ, 㻹ȥԱԱԼֵµıŸʲô
Ÿɶƽʱţ˵ԼӰ, ռ, ЧأֵܼͥȺġ
ը, һŭһϲĻҪҪˣ
ҪҪʱ춼Ȳ
⻰һ, ֱ侲Ĭôһ˲Ĺ˶ԼĹԣͨѶǶɵ𣿻ţˣСƤ
ԼŹߣ˺ռôߣǺǡ
˭۱ࣿȺﶼԱһѧѧҳ
˭۱ȷԣʿִǿ
ŸɶûǮ𣿲õֶΣͨǶϣ
ֹ˾ƬӶûɣǻŸʲôզİǱıȲˣȲعȺͼӷ˿𣿡

һգ۹ôһȺүүǣүүֱ̻֮쮣ֱûоô̲ס鴤
ȴֻСԼĴڸУȻĬĬһʵʵĵޣһҲǲ 
һȺˣ¹ôһСǰһХһ𡱣Χ֡
˸ոմԼ罻ƽ̨Ϳһȫǡһǣٷ罻˺ű𣿡
ǹٷһ졣
ԲۣҸ@ЩҵĹýԼȻҲˡ
ʲôõһ졣
ԲۣTMһתһʳֱйý
ֱ

͹һʲô֪ǰ׼׻һĵģ֪˿żⱻƵƣ̻ǰһ׼ٿıȽϺá
ڲҪùҲ̫ӵ⿷ʽʳĶ̫࣬Թͦ󷽣ֱֻ˳ʣµĶͳȥ
ְֻҪ΢άһµ 
ҲԱߵֱͬʱŹĹһյһϢ
ˡһͦԣˣôˣ
ѧУġһЩ죬Ͼһû̫£ĩʱѧУһٻᷢϢѧǣһ֮˶ôһ¡ 
ôˣ
һѧУǣĸ쵼˿
ȻҪȥǵޡ
ʱüͷһʲôʲô̬ȣʳѵѵ˷ۺ֧𣿡
ֻϧҲ뱩¶֣Ȼĸ쵼ҵķ˿ǿԵ͸һݡлһӡ
ԷĳЩǱ򡱣򣬻е˽ġ 
罻ЩĸʱҲûвʱ򣬼ҳҪ˽ӵʦÑ͵úõģӴáҲһʦ͵͵񣬺ܵһŴ
ԷҪԼ˿ǾͿһ߸ţΣ
ȡùһ㿼۶ϵĴѧҲøʡһõ㡣Ȼǵõ㲻̫࣬ǣʡʡ˻ǲܹĹ˷ѡ 
һ
⻰Ȼ
Ű༶ȺʦԱѣӲǼҳԼҪͼ֤ûסĳ鴤һ£ֻܴʦǸӡ
ǸԼˡ
һ罻һǳ׵±ˣһת齱ô𶯰
ȫǰ20һǺ͹Ǹֱ齱أǣ£˶ˡ
͵͵ʿˮӽ쿪ʼ˭ֱ֪ӦӦӦûĸǲͨİɣ
ֻҪͨģκ罻ϵģֻ¶Աɣ
Ϊ˺ӣҳҪԼͬ£ѡͥȺࡣ
ΪԼż񣬷˿ƴȫ
ɽû֡
˵Ҫõ㣬ǻ˱ȵù

ۿ罻öãһѵþȻһˡǧˣԴ֮󣬵ڣǵһ罻˿٣¼
һ
ý壬ʦЭЩطĥЩŽеޣҲǲ⡣
ǣôĵطֱ´˵ޣ͹˰ɣ
һǳ鴤ŽйԵݸ˹ۣǲ̫󶯾
۾΢ʱȥ濴ɫԴϲú⣬Ҳǲʶ
һ·Ѿ뵽ӦķӦ˰ɣ
˵꣬漴ԼЩˣΪʲôھȻûκ΢е۹⣬Լĺöǵҩأ
һڹһĴߴ£½Լ˺Ÿʲôŵĳ˺ŵޡ
һҲ˲ϱˣɻˣһĶ罻ĶŶϵ亹ԽԽֱ࣬˶е㲻̫ˡ
֪ʵ̫ᣬҲ̫ǳûʶ¾ȻӰô
ϵĺһýԲܱ¶ˡ
漴ͻȻ뵽ʲôɫ΢䣬ӵ̶ȣ᲻ֱֱͨĺ̨ǵϢ
ַʽ䲻̫ףڿ̣Ҳǲܡ
˹ĽмǻĨһζƣĿԣˣΪһݡлԱô𣿡һȻôĥЩ̫˼άȻǺеأ
ٺͶ˲±ƣһ亹ñȹһҪٰ࣬һ¶˵껹򴲵£ǲ߲㶼Ѿ֪ˣ
ƿޱ飬ɫĮȴ֪Լ׶԰˯͵׸С¶ҲǾס
˵ܾ֮ڶ˸Сʱճÿ˼Σֻ˼Ҷ֪װףָ˵ʱ򣬱˶ġ
Ȼޱ飬ȴڿԲۡ
Ǳʳɵӣ
ڷ˰ٷ֮ʳƷʳʱ򣬾ȻֻĥŰ׼ҵķӦʳЭ۲ۣϻ᲻Ʋ
Ȼȫûʶ⾿ôصһ¡
һ˼TMȫԼת齱޵Ǹͬʱ濴һۣˡ
ϴβʳֻ֪аٷ֮Ⱦȣȴ˭Ҳûϱ޴֪Ľȫˡ
˶һۣ˶ԷĿơ 
 ϲҪôǴҪôǶBˡ
ɡĥʱѾԣ֪Щһӡٷ֮͵͵ȫˣΪеӡ
лҪ˵ۣһд
ң
Ȼһ㣡
Ҵֳ

59

59
ٺͶһɵͬʱ, Ѿ˵ǵ㲻ʵĿꡣǸҵÿһϼһﶼԼͷϵĹԡ
ʱ䣬ٿԼĵ, ٶԱһ˵ġ
һֱֹʱ䣬ҲŴ˲ٲ豭ʲôľȻù紫ýӮˣ
ֱͨѶ½½һԼͬʱ, Ҳû˳ָɣһ¸ڴý Ƕ겻, զǻȲһɢװ˿ˣ
ѧͼװһԱ᣿ⶼ䣿ǹжˣҲ䣿ⶼ겻ɣػ֮ǰɶȣ
Ǯ, ŻTMʲôãզģ, ˶Ǯˣ
˼ҲǴýҲڣȫ߷˿Ĺ˺, أ²ķ˿ɣ

ǹ紫ýǱߵĻһЦ, Ҳô˵ǲǣ˵Ļ, ýӰ, ܺҪӡЩ»Ҫƽúû, Ҫʱš
⻰ֱͱ, һвţһүƤ鴤ı˭ѿ
ƫƫ˵ûһŤͷͿԼС, Ҫʲôãţ
СһۣƣTM˵ڡ
Ͼûһǵġ
Ǳ˳Ͳǻܷ
ֻԴ£ٵ£ٵ£ָʱȥֱϽĿ΢е¿
ǵΣкŹһ׼ˡ
һһߴҴææĿԼѧУȺһԻ
һԺʼ࣬һߵӰЧӦҲܸһˡ
ϣĴܹԾҪ̫˰ΣһôĹۿ ӦҲܸһʲٵˡ
һȴûػŹĶһ±ƣ⣬⣬ʲô 
ͻȻˣ߻صͯʱڣ롭ˣ
ɣۿҪʼֱˣͣǲǲ̫ã
üһл͹һ㣬ٷڻ˿ࣿԣ㲻ԣ
һһ붼ûԥ˲俪ڣԣ
ѾԾ¹ɶ϶ɹΨһһ㣬ʳ棬Բɹ
깮ھ޳ĹʱͻɹʵûʲôǲܳԵģóԵģУһûо֡
һԾùʮ⣬°΢̧Կֱˡ
ʱҲ һҲûôİչ̶ĵϾǼǹ˵㣬٣ڳ桭
ֱûʱ䣬ͻȻ˸⧲ɣҲ˿ûз˵Ļԣһգ۹ӿ룬㼷ֱ䡣
Էֱ俪ʼ٣ʼٻӳ٣ɾոյͿر߶һСյ͡
ʵؿ΢΢ճƺ˻ʲôϸȥֲ̫ܿ
˫޳ƯȻӴȴһ㲻ó̶ȣֻǿ˫ְŪͣȻǿ
һֱͱò࣬Ƕ΢΢סֵȥϴֵʱֱô˲±ơ
գոշʲô
Բۣǲߴֱ䣿
˵ֱǸʳզˣ
ЦǼ˼
ȻֺܺÿһֱҶ壬ǣʳֱİ

ڹһֱĿǰʱֱ˶һ±ƣǶԼӦʳֱġ
ڰŪͣϸϸϴֱ֣ԭһڲѵһΰһһʵ̲סĿ˫֡
ţÿ
ûʳֱʵֻǿ˫֣Ҳôˡ
һֱȵֻõļֱ̳ĵĻֻԾͯȤ
ʦİþȻ͡ȻǲûпͺҹˣǣλʦȻԸͿ϶ǲһģ
µͬͣȻʳҲУǣֻҾһǿԵģ
ֱֻԳԼֻأ
Ļˢͣʺƨ죬˵λشĲԣ߲Ӧ֮ĻǾûеġ
йٷ˺ţңûбŵĻҳʦɵģ
΢΢Ա֮ͣǰ׼ĸ־ԼУһ顣
ֱԭǳʦҵʳȦӵ˶ʱЩˣѾʧٵ׾
ţʲô
⣬ôõĶƷʣ
ſ˵ˣǰƹģЩʳٷ뼦С
Ȼֱлڣֵ˾ôλسʦЩʳķ˼桭
ֱˣ
㣡϶쳣㣡
ⲻͨǴļǾԲͨʳģͨζ˷ϵȻʳģ

ڹһǳ鴤£Ŀʼ׼õĲۼ𣬽Ԥȡ
ֱһĵĻõʳȻӦͳģʽ
ԶʱǾ򵥵ķʽп⣡
ֱһĲʺƨùһƤóŲסˣȴ°̧ĻԽԽߣĽǶԽԽÿ
ЩͨȻûʶǣҲôһ㡭֪֮ġ 
Ȼᣬǣģ֪ľǺõġ
Ȼ˾Ϳþ޴ʻĺҶһʱֿʼʺƨˣȻ֪֮󣬻ҪôǣҾôп϶Լµķʽ
óԣ֪϶˱ǣ˿塣

һͿЩ˵Ĳʺƨܴʲôʱ򣬴ʲô硣
ͲЩˣһƤҪˡ
һһһصİãȻ˲ʮֽܽʵ֤㲻жȥ
ſʼֻƣõļ
桭
衭
࡭
һֱ̣ôᴵʺƨģҲǴȥˣһֱֱɵˡ
⣬ǸʲôˣʦЭĳЩڶըˣ裡Ƕʳ裡
ȫ׼ﲻ̸ʲôζ
ǳʦҵİܱʣ
˿ҲܲôˣǿˣԴ
û˶ٲҶ֪֪׺ҶЧӦ
ûĻ£ǧǰڶ֪£ǲ֪
˵ ûпʼԣǾ֪׼ﲻ
ҿǳζ̸֮⣬̸ɣ

ֱЩʦˣģģ
һҲˣԴ̶ֳȣķ˿Ҳĺˡ
һߣ̻Ϣ֮ׯ԰̫Զĵطھ˶ʱҲһ£ﶼҧѪǿҪԼ
Ȼʵ̫أȻѾָĲ࣬ǣǣƤˣ΢һžˢˢ亹Ҫǣô
ɫ֮ǽŮƺɡڵġ
΢΢һҲԣǰǸʵҲӦû¡


60

60
ȻЩԴķ˿ʺƨʵеͷ, ǣȴֻʮֲ, ൱ʡ
þͽʵʵĽлô
ֱôһļž
һȻѾôǰ֪ϢЩ±ơ
е㻳ɹǲˣ˴ֱֻз˿Ѿʼϴˡ 
׼Ȼͷ, ַʽ£ζ϶ҲǸӱζ
Ҳ, ַʽȻټ, ڳʦ϶ܹΪ棡
˿ķʽԶŻеģֻûգڴ
˴˲ʺƨ˿ǵķ, һкû˳ֱǰ㶼ġ
һôĬĬЩʺƨԼԲԼǡһ˿ݡ
ЦеĿʼջ, ȻֱһԡڴԡĵĻ, ʱСʱ, Сʱ֮ټȻ, ֱʱر, ҿԿʳ
˵깮һ, ˡ
ֱˣˡ
˿û˵ֱ䣬ˡ
Сʱ
һٰʮӣ
һ֪˵ɶͻӦɶҪ, һԼС˶̫ˡ
ؼǣ⼦ſûţû
ȻʳζʵһĥǣŵʱTMзˣ
˳ȥɡ
ҾҲͦÿġ
һߣ棬˿һȻҶæɢ˰ɡ
볯Ź紫ýһǺ޲ֱӺǳһ䲻Ҫ
һ뿪ǹϵֱȴһûйأСʮֿƵĶһ۶Լ游ƨɺ뿪ԭΪǸ¶ĺò£˭֪˸ġ
ǸСӲ̫ߵĽƽܣҲǸոϸУԭΪǸò£ȻӶСࡣ
ֻǿԼ游ŪԵʱ򣬻̲סȥһ۾ͿԼ游͵͵Ĵֱʲô
ս˿ֿֿֿ
ȻǰƽүͻȻͷ˶һײһ
ƽүŭһʲôôʲô᲻·
ƽܣᣬһɵơ
ô벻ôĴģ
ŲӣԴĥԼǰĵ棬ֱûίĿ޳ôôء
һ룬Լ游΢΢٣һġΣ
뷨ȥˣôô룿
ɽţԼ游ôͣ
ƽܣ
ƽүüͷһۿûɵŸɶأ
һС¶㲻ףһŪǹԶʲô
ƽܣ
ƽүüͷţŸɶ
ƽһ飬Ҵҵߣ
ƽүӺһͷȥȻüͷôô
ͶǶ٣ 
ȻҪͣ϶Ҫһƽңû˵ȱǮ£
㿴ŴͣҪȡһ 
ƽүӹܵľ񲿣ƽҲľģҪ˵Ǯ£˾û˸ҸǱȵġ
ƽܣȻǮǣƽҶСĹ൱ϸģƽ￴ֱҶ͵ģǮȻе
ؼǣŹԣ̲סԼ游ҪһֻΪԼǮ
ܾԼ游ĿĲǶǡ͡ġ
͵͵ֱ֮ͻȻͣңǾ޴Ĵһһףؼid˺ԼҲЩ졣
õҵƽĹԶƽүһק˹ȥҪʲôãԼ
ǻĸˮһҳȥֱӰֱ˶ˡ
ôһ˲䣬ͨ˿Լ䷢ԣۿ
Բۣûֱ档
ҾôŴǡ
˵Ǵ͵һõ㣬ΪֱֻǴһõ㡣
Ҳ
Բۣȫһſֱ
Ǯ˵ĲˣTMǶõ㣿
ֱʳòóԣһش̻ܺÿ
ҾãҪֱĴͽޣ

һŹԣڸոҲôֱӹȥ˵ Ҳֻ֣Բۡ
Щ˿ķ𣿡
õTMֽɣ𣿡
ͷ̧СӲ׼˵໰
΢һùһˣѹ࣬ͷϵĹԵݹȥ㿴ֱдͽ
ڰŪͷϵҩģϾոûпĴͣһۿ۾һӾˣ۾
ôõ㣿ԭҲ΢е۹ﶼο
һֻ۹𣿡
һһ̻ʮ˺ţѾǼǧ˰
ʮ˺ŶǼǧʲô֤˼Ѿʮλˣ
ǾȻһûκαӣ
ƳһۣҪѧϰߣ⻹Ǽޡ
һ
⻰˵ţһȻЩԶԣϾ˴Ǹơ
̲סϲȻ˲ˣõ㡣
Ҫͨķʽȥˣô˿ֱôôʵĽˣ
ϲ̵ĥεѡҲҪΪʱ㹻˵ҲﲻôõЧ
һĬĬԱ߲˵оֱˮƽ˵ľͲʱ䣬ֱѹסǧĻۡ
ԣЩɫӡŮ˵õô׬ȥõҲһ㶼١
ŶйһֱΪȴʼȥոտŵͨҩ
ֻôһ룬һЩ湮ҵۡ
ҲôĬĬ㣬ӽԺ󣬲Ҫ˵ʳˣǼҵĲʲô£ֻҪǹ˵˵ģǾͱ
¹ɶ£Ǽҵĵλô׵׵ȷ 
ԾǼҵָʾƣ·־
Ǹһŵñ˭һ죬ǣڷһ£Ǿһ㣬ֱԭ޵ġ
մͶ޷һõ㡣 
ֱ俴ƺûκƣϾôԿȥǰߴ·֮βϵҲʾСʱֱ̻ը۾ˣҲ˥ˡ 
ֱнôֱһԾʮһλ
һ䡰ԲۡѾ޷е𺳺;ȡ
źԲۡʽƺǿһ㡣
һߣƽܾͳүүոյִޣһƵ˳ȥۿŸոջҵ˶ۼһǼүֱŭǻҪҪʲôʲô֣
ͷϵүŭǳʦҵʹʳȦӵ£Ƕʲôҡ
иյģ¹£䣡
ͷ
ҽѧϵһ漣ֻҪȷϣǿԾȻˣǵң

үӣһһ۾ɵñ˭ݺһߣ׷׶ԱߵһλǴý綼ûչѾûƣȻͶҪƣ
紫ýǻǼʡ
һʱ֮䣬ƽܷ·𿴵ү˵۾
лҪ˵|O| ~~Ҷû뵽д

61


ζƵ, Ǹֱͳ̻Ϣ
̻ûɢȥȻʱ, ǣСĴʼûͣЪֱйڶѾЩľˡ
죬ڶ, ʲôʯǮˮ
ˮһĴ͡
⽫ֱԶ û֮һ, Ҳǰ޹ˣ 
˶޲ùſֱ, λϴǵıݡ
Сʱͷüͷôſ֮еζ, üСʱȻʱûȫָǣ߸, ֪øԶ, Ҳøˡ
ܸܵ, Լڱǿ, ǡƶ֮, Щ̥ǡѾǹڡӡ֮, ǸΧŨµķһľۼա
֮ǰ˸, ӡ˱ǿ󣬾ˣŻ᲻мɴʱȴ֪ʵ̫Ҳ̫飬붼벻ˡ
磬ڵĹѾȫԤϡ
ȴ𣬿ʼǰĻˣСʱѾˣѾ̼ľֵֶľһӾ˷
ĻҲʼˢˣ䣿
ޣⲻǿ䣬ǿɲǺöȴʵʵı
ӻ
ֱһμžôһ˲գպˣ
࣡Ǳأ˿ѾѧԲ˵ù͡
һһʧˣǶڷ˿˵Ҳʧ֣ǿ϶ǹģҪľͬЧ
ңڣ˵Ѿˣ񣡣
ȻŹһҲЩˣǰǼ̲סĳ鶯ţҪһеζȻʱʲôûŵǣ϶㣡
в˵ãһȥһһĶ˲ѿһ˲䣬ֱ䱻һּµ㳹װΧ˶ڷ
һҲ˿⣬˵ʵòһÿͻȻôµζìܵĸܣ˾ϲѰ
۾ֱŨŨζ
һŨµ㣬֮ȴȫݺӵĺҶ㣬Ũ壬㲻ѵĸ˳
ѾɫĺҶŲ棬ʼҶˡ
˲׷۾һ˫˫Ӿô۰Ͱ͵Ķֻŵļ
ÿһҶʱζӣҲڸıŲα仯
Ȼһ㶼˲ˡ
ʲôҪ͸޸ߵģܲܰѺҶңһţҲ򡭡
¥ϲҪˣ㿴ңҾҪҲС

ƽܿһȫҪĻſ֮Ũ㣬ݺһ¿ˮҪ游ԱߣʵҲһ䣬ûм⣬ʲôҶҲԾӪҺƬġ
һһ˲䣬ֱĵԽУԱ
˲Ҷܱ
һʲôУ
ɲ֪ȻôûϢôһƬҶǱ˿΢΢ƵġлôͻȻ¶ǰһҶ֮ѾŨµζֱӳűǼ˽ȥ
ǻζƽǿˮһûסδһȥ
СʱĿȣֵã̫TMֵˣ
֮ǰȻ濴ÿ̻ŵۻ֪ǻ浽ֶΰ󣬾ȻŨζ
ĻһȦˢҪԣ
ƽҲҲԣ
ҪλشֻһԵŨζ
ôһ룬ʮֱ̫̫ҵˣ
һŤͷԼүӣƽܣͻȻοˡ
үӱҵٶء
Ҫһλʦֻ֣δǧ꣬ɲκһ֪⾹ȻŨζˡ
ɣ˶û뵽ζûе£Ϊһ룬ˡлĶӡ
һ˲ʣ㳹ںϣŰɫֱÿһ˵
ſźԲۡг𣿡
ƽܾòǲ
ЩȻǴڵ۶룬ȦӵʵҲǸܹģȷʣζ
ǣʲôʱôζȻԴﵽˮƽ
ۿˣģʲôʱԳ԰
ѾȲҪʼˡ
⡰лԲṼŨζζԲ
һΣõ˴ʴʵõ㣬ʮ԰㶼ûе飬ȡһС֮ǰ׼ɵֱӳԣҲվϳԣζͬȫƾϲá
ֱһ˲䣬ƽֱȥץģ۽ǻһߵƽүӣܾ游Ҳֱץģ֡Тͷֻһ
һȱקƤ΢΢ȥһûסʿˮϽⱻ˿ʮֵλڸвҲǹӲ
ؼǣ˿ŨۣƤִ˿˿Q 
ʲôڸпԸȽϣƽܾУûУ
ŨŨļƤ˵ĺҶζԽԽǰ˶Լ־㣬ΪʱʮСģطȽ٣ԣֻˮֻûʧֻĿڸжŨζ¡
ֻΨһһ˾Щźǣ⼦ҲΪ˿ڸпǣѡõļЩСȻ࣬ǳЩ񫡣
ԣ϶Ϊ̫󣬲̫̰ǼﾹȻǴĹȻûˣ
ﺬżȹǣƽܸǹͷŵŨŨζֱЩ˳
Ҳ֪⼦͸ýǱ֮ܲҪͷղء
϶ղأʿˮ϶ֻղء
Ѿûʲôζļȹó־ҪȥץһȣʵҪݲͬλֻлζ
΢ҲһʳƽҲ֪ʳÿһطвͬζ顣
ֻһȣŹͷļͣļӷƤQͷǲͬ㡣
أȵȵطӦöŲͬζɣ£ʱ򣬲ƽܣӦ˴ʱ˿̶ֻһо̫ˣôϵģϵĶֻдڴڵļǡ
ֻǣǸո֣ͼֱһֻͻȻקһȣ
лҪ˵̫Ŭأִɶɾͣ

62

62
קһȵĵȻǹһ, Ա߶˰죬ԽԽ, ԽԽһûסקһȡ
ק֮ŷӦԼʲôǣһһԼǰ, 顭
漴ɨһ۹û˵ʲô, ʱһӾֱͦ, Ȼáֱ׳
ʮ֡ԾĽмպմմ, ǹ͸ֵζƷĸɵȥžܸܵ͸ֵζƷζ
һɲЩˣЩպ, ɵѾϤ, Ȼֶ֪ȥ֮Ǳзζ
ĹһҳĻ, ֻܵͷͷϵļ, ⼦ζʵûôڶŨ, , ȴʣ㣬ζͿڸҲ
ټմһɵ, ζʱһӰθΡ
ֱĵĻֱĵĻûˡ
ֱԣ磬ﱻԵҲ൱ڡʧĶȻǲټƷˡ
ͶӰĶҪͶӰһʵĻΪʡֱ䱳ǧǧǱߵġӰȻҲʧ
һ棬ֱƷΪ˱ʳҵֱʳƷֻܽһΡ
ûлطſԹۿ
ץסᣬǾܳԵҪǴˣǾֻ˵ǣûԵˡ
ֱ͵һ鼦ȣֱǰһȣҲôʧˡ
Բۣ
˭ҵļȣ
ȻΪ˾һߣ͵߼ȵһˡ
һ²ۣͶֶסϵĶ²ۣĻЩɶǻᵢ ʱģһ²һĹǱ͵߸ʲôǿˣ
˵ѲɻܺͶԷӲܣǳҪ֪ոǸ͵ԵģȻλʦ󣬵ҲǿԸλ󴵡߷硱ˣҪǵˡ
ƽԼһ˲䵱ͷڹ꣬͵һȲ£Ҫȫ͵ˣɴˣ
ôһ룬ֱѶ޲ֱӽֻУٶȳ
ˡ١΢һ㡰׷󡱣ƷζģǿԳôһʱ䣬ͷϵһմһɵ
ʵ̸ɵոճʱ򣬶ѾӦþǴ˵֮еģлк֪ܶ
ԣôǰļ͵ˣմһ£һȥľǸһܵı
ãڣЩʳǵ£ЩζҲ̫ΪĴڣܾڸǹȥζͻ㡣
ûζԾһ
Ķôô귢չʧȥ˴Уˣ
ֻҪһ룬;ôֱǰ׻ˡ
ڣǸ͵ûٳ֣˽ϵĽֻ꣬һ㿪ʼϸƷЩˡ
֮ǰ˵뷨һģʳȻ߲ЩƷʳģƷ
ɣԴֱ֮˲žԼе뷨߸ˡ
ʱ򣬻ؾҪһΪ˿ЩƷȻʳŨζ翪ˮײˣֱǰ⡰лľӺͶȡ
ԭʣ㣬ŨŨļŨ㣬ǵûЩƷʳף෴ζζڿڸж˱øӷḻζ 
ԭǸϵ⾹ȻϲĶ
ڳ֮ã˶۵Ķ㣬ƽһָѾĥûǸϣǱ߹ǱߵүãûмȣһҲа
һ߻ھղ̫ܶˣ촽ýģһ仰˵Ϣ֮ŨζȻԶɱ׽
Ӧζټ̻ζҲ˸ܺõĽͣ⡣
ܹ۶õʳͬʱҲǰߵȵسԹѵĿ࣬Ұ⣬Ӫʱõİ취ȻԼ⡣
ң߽ԭ;мߵá
̲סüͷ֪šũϵʱѾŭû뵽չľȻŰܡ
뵽˵õʱ˫ӣԼûõ֮Ȼȥģǻڵŭ
ҪΪĸײڣײܣûгӦô⣿
ֻǣ̲ס˶Ǽ⣬֪Ϊʲô⣬Ȼô㡣ҧһӪҴ£ɣӪǹɿڸŨζһԱȣ㷴Ż
סһ¿ʼת˵Ǹ·ת˿˿Ƶʹ΢侲
һߵĹһɲ֪˻ôǵҪ֪϶Ĳȱõ㡣ֻ¶ж˱ȱˡ
ͷŶȻĵĻԼһοʼˢĴͣǶԵòˡ
ֻǣ˳Եò֮󣬶ʱǸ͵ߵļȣ˭͵ҵļأ
δ֮գ˭ǵļȡ
˵ǿܲţȱһڼȣҾܳˡ

һ
æȥǲǿԽֱˣ
Ǳ߲֪ڰŪʲôԣʱˣǾͽɣ
һȻ飬ǡֱ׳ľôصֱ  
һȺֱ˶ˣԲۣһǱû֤ݡ
ԣԸߣ

ֱͻȻʲôĵ4ֻûвء
ˣԲۣ
ǾȻˣλʦʱƿƵĿֻֻǸոλֻǰеһֱֻƷֻǿǶûжġ
ٰһΡ
󣬻ֻ˷ˡ

ֱرգȶȾôֱ罻ȥˣ˶ڰŪԼͷϵĹԣһ@λسʦ
ͷƽүӵֱ֮󣬼˲䣬Ȼûһ𣬵ǣȴͬһ
ƽȻ֪ɶ ۰Ͱ͵ĸţ;ضе죬ǡ
үүǼң
۾ɴ΢΢һʱˣȻһĿԼүӣ˭֪ոŶ룬ƼѾˡ
ոջ˾ȻһٵĶ
ƽܣϺ갡
үˣһҪҪ
ƽүЦеǶɶˣҪɶ
˷׷׸ͣүӣ
ǸСӡвС
ƽүһԼӼϣүүͽһΣ¹ǺèèץסĶǺèֶβںãþС
һߵүԼӣЦеֶģԵģǲʵʵġ
үӣһmmp
߲ߣ
үЦ
үŭ𣬡ǲߣߣ
ƽүӵЦеԭأԼ˱ˮַдͷ߲ǲģֻģǲǼĵ
лҪ˵ȥŬˡQAQҿϣһ

63


Ȼûֻл, ֻǳһҪ⡣
аǰ20һڵķ˿ֵ, ǣֻ׼ֻ
뵽̲סüͷ, ֱֵطôܹأ
ⲻǸ鷳Ǯ
ЩԸһڵ, Ԥڿ϶ֹô࣬ҪǷſ, ˵滹һء
̾һǴѴѵõ, ̲ס꣬ˣ͵Ϊϸˮɡһ԰ë޶û, Ժô죿
һ۰ǰŵ, ɡҲôٽһ´ҵĻԣ˵Ժ˿͸ӻˡһһǰλҪһµַ, һݡ
һ۲ĿŹǰĸɫ, ʵʵĸɻ
һүӵļƽܵͨѶ󡰶ˡһ, ܵ˶, ʶȶӽˣ鲻ѵĵͷ
˵ƽ, 㿴ѺӶԼɶˣҪ֣ӵռ䰡
ҪգҿԽСҵ䡱ϾС
ɴӸ쿪ʼ֮ɾͲˣԺǾ֣
ԷλĶ ǿɾͳԲˣ
ЦŸɶ
ƽүӳһǸûϢӣֱˣջбһƽܣպƽܵͨѶʱһŸɶҲ㿴
ƽѸϢ˸үүô˵ҲҲˣСϱģĵͷȥԼͨѶһͻȻɵˡ
ͷĹһҲǷΣͷȻظüͷ˵飬ʳʱЧԣ߲ܾظ߾ͻŶ
ƽܼʶظ˹ȥҪҪҪҪҪ
Ҫɵ
ҴҽԼַȥԷ˵ѷעաʳʱЧԣʳá
⻰˺һᣬһ±Ƶİ췴Ӧ
Աߵƽү̲סһ£ʲôأ
ƽ￴ŻͦģŴģզ⾹Ȼôƺ«ˣоǱ߼ϲĶڳЦһ
ƽүүǸߣʱһ飬ع񣬸ϽҴҽԴչȥ
ҿʲôʲôɿģһġƽүӲ˵꣬ԼдɶʱҲһ飬һվ
̫ãùٿǸԣϸĳ򣬵㿪ԷϢȷϡǡġ
ոҪһ¿ˮͼµͷҲŲһվ
һӿ˶ԷԷҲһ㾯裬һɻĿϲĿ
ƽүӶʱͶˡ
һ۶ԷԷҲһۣͬʱŤתĿ⣬Ȼ˼ңŭɶҼе£ҵȻȥͲˡ 
ƽүӵͷһۣʮֲԷ̨ʵ¶ȴҲŵƽܰûɶϢеҰæϾôҲԼӣҪܵġ˵Ҳ㣬ⶫҲ࣬Ҳ֣Ҳ˰
үʣƽͷԼ·ϵצקȥƽܶˣܵ÷ɿ졣
ƽܿүһɻӣͰͣΡΡ˵һ˵˻ܵ÷ɿ׷ƽүȥˡ
໥һۣٶһۣﲻ̫ԡϲôƤ¼ҵʲôܷǰͷȥ
ƽܣƽܾǰͱˣƽͷֻҲҪѶ˲Żߡ
ǲб㵽ˡл
һͷ˿ܵ÷ɿĲһ
ͷһӾˣҿǣǵУ£ֹؼʱˣ׷ü
໥ӣЩĶûһͷпܣֿܻеС
߿ʵʵġ
⻰ЩֹҪ˵ǳģ뾳ɶ¶ֵôŵܣ
Ҫе᲻á
ͷ⸱βӣ̵ģһֻʮ˷֣զֵùǱ߿٣˵أ
ҸҵƷǱ߾ˡлʶٶˣǻң
ɱ˵ʱƷֶĲá
ɣƽͷͷܵõȷе̫ˣôе㲻
ŶԷЩС˼ĥֻС˼ɡ
ðգ϶ǲðյġ
ⶼʲôˣϲðˡ
ɲǣʹˣֱûǵðվˡ
ЦеĿһۣͨѶ˳һͨѶ˳ȥȥƽǱһˣ˵е£֪زأȥ򣬼ǵûػ
˵Ĳһ²ﻹҪ鷳ȥܲܰʲôæҪʲô쳣ǵøһػ
ϵ֮һίĿˣǼҲûбı£ǼﺢӱȽ϶࣬еˡ
ˣԲ
˭Ҷ̣ɻ治ÿҺӶǼһ࣬˵ٶ࣬ܶպڵ۶ˣ
СŶأȥƽүүǱȥһˣ߲ˣñķŰ

үӣ
һкԼҶӡ
Ҫǻ߰ʮӵĻеѶȣ̣˭һûˣ
ǱƽүӸոյûӣû͵ͳ˽Ӷŵˣƿڴͷոյ뷨
һ߹ݷȥҸĽõ֣˶Ҹðˡ
ֻԱߵĹһﲻ̫ԣһԼǰȱһȶġлԼǱ߹ǰǸġ
ܵüһ̧ʲôòûУҪ͵ԣһֻȻֻˡ
һί
ŹԼǰСƿڶζ˱ǶٿԼǰܾòһζˡ
ζûκα仯ڸҲ䣬ɿŹԵģһ̲ס뵽Ļʲôġ͹ˡ
뵽㣬һšл˲䲻ˡ
һ
ĥһ£罻˵Իѣһζţŵķ˿Լԡ
һקһߵǸţ㡣
˻ҪȽϣ˼һȽⲻǶʱ˷
һմŸɵһôԣһСġл˶ӣʱԼҸĵء
˸ոճ궫ͽӵ˸ˮƵϢˮǸпø˵ֱȶ⣬ʶʿˮ㵹ҲԷչչʳֱ
ɻû˵ֶ꣬Ȼ뵽ʲô졣
Ѿˣһٷֳһ㾫ȥĥĶʳֱ֮ģǡ衱Ǹˣ 
лҪ˵Ҹ˵
ҵܸҴ绰ҸţҶû
д˸²Ÿŵġ

64

64 
һˮƵĻ, ɫЩһѾˮƣֱ
ˮƿǳԹĳԵ, Ҳʳôһ㡭Ҳ֪᲻ĥȥ
գһҲжţ, ϴεһεֱѾùһ֪ʳжӰ졣
һ, ȫ֪ǵʳĲʲô, õʵǹǸȥĵҩ
һӻˮƶʱ, û£Ǹֱһ㶼ϡ
һһ˲, ϡ
԰, ڸ֮ѣˮŬԼɫһ㣬ٵһ㡣
ˮǸѵģ, һҪǿ罻ǰŶֱص, е㻳ǲԼһһէˡ
ˮƸȥһ, ۰Ͱ͵ȥ, Щȵǵɺö
˶٣Ƴһˮ, ôһ£ûôһġ
߹˶ѣôܱȵƵĵҩأЩҩֻǴĲҲǵҩѽ
뵽ʮĵͷˮƵﶼ˼ˮƸʶ۹⡣ 
ˮƱԼСĹôţˮƾȻԼĵļԺѧǻᱻʦݺݿ佱һһϲʤ
һ
ˮƴһĲʺƨ£һ˷ܵ Ʒĺúã㿴ǲɫࣿ
ԼʵԼҲһССԣҲ㣬Ӧ˵ڷá衱֮ڵЩļӿ
ؼǣ΢ѹյߣǸȻҲˡ
һˮص˵оԼųˣ⶯˶ŬҪչȥȴҲ
ˮʮŤͷȥˡ
һŭˤ뿪ϡء
ŸҩģȥķúöȥˣԺҪˮġ衱ԣ°̧ȻŲ˷ҩģ˷ȥˮЩŮ˸ЩûõĶ
һһļǰˮȴǰ㶼֪ԼδġҪùһССṩֻϲ̵ڹߣ۶ϵиæѡһ񹩲Ӧ󡣡
ΪǹӦϲȥȻ ƷҪж١
㲻֪ǵĵҩתֳȥֱӷʮļ۸񡣡
ˮһԺһĽϧ׻һֶȻֱóȥ߼ʰ
˵ҲֱܸһǮˡ
֪ˣûУǣ˶࣬ǮҲࡣ
ңһЩʶˡ
ˮҪ͹Щģһǿǧܱ¶˵ʲô˵Ķ
ǵ˺ģʽû£˽֪Ҳ϶µͷϵġѾв˿ʼ鵽ͷˡ
ԽǵڣԽǷ֣Щôļֵ
Ǹˣֻ¶Դۺ죬ڱȽҵģҲһ㣬СȻʼ˿϶ҲԵ޹ʵĲµϡ
֮󣬻һٷѿڶʳֱ䶼˿˻ȥһСĹתС
Ȼˮô߿ʵϻЩС˹Щ衱Ч
ӱյˮ͹ȥġ衱ڶϳִգǼֱϵĸֻɽĤ 
ˮǰк˵ŶֱӾҪֱȥҽԺˡ
ϾôڻıԵǻôãĲ֪᲻ʲôʱ¡
ϴ˵״̬Ȼһˣ
ӱǻԵҪߵģôɫ״̬ʼնǼǵһһֻȻһµĸо 
ңһΣ죬ÿԼԼϡ롱һصġʡԼԼÿﲻ̫ԡ
ϴ֮һĺУлͰķ䡣
ɶûеģֱӴ˽ȥ
ȻǸŮս񣬵ǣҲǸĸףһոձܹӣһ֮һĸס
һͷȥͿлͰڴϻźŢһĶһ¡
лͰ໵Ľл裬裬ұ˰ˣҡ
лͰǲ͵ҵĶӱ
лͰƲƲ죬پӦǸʮֺÿС꣬ƫƫΪСڻԵƤ״̬ҲǼĶ
Ȼͬѧƽﲻǰ˵ڱӱԵǸȻôõЧҲЩ档
̲סƲƲ죬Ҿͳ
ճ壬ܣ˶һ͡ӡš
ţǲǳԶˣж˰裬Ҳ˰ɣ
ӱѹҧýģıӺû˦ȥ
ֱӶԡңϴ
лͰȴǲģ裬öбڣĲжɣ
ӱһ̧Ҳڶ飬Ҫֱ⸱ģȥҽԺҲܾ
лͰܵ÷ɿ죬ŵ׻һ£ˤ˳ȥ
ӱȴҲûţһ۾ӣԼҲЧʵ̫졣
һֱģҽƵĵӱҲ΢ˡ
Чõ죬˸޷һЧõĶмߵĸá
һΣˮưöҩлͰǺ޽ٵֱӳ졣ϵлͰ֮Щˡ
ؼǣлͰ岻ãһֱӳЩ̫ġ
֤ϵġࡱװһ㣬΢ĿһҲѾ׻ٵĴŴϴԡҳлͰֱȥҽԺǱߡ
ҽԺ鲼ȫҽˮ׼ԶߵģңҲ¼лͰӳڵݣӱǺܷĵġ
ӱĬĬ棬ҽԱȵȽлͰѪӴӵ飬ұʾԼ޲
ܺӾǷѵϴҪҲƤӵ±ץߡξȻ͵Ʒ
ԱԱҲӱԣڻԵҲΪлͰڡӡ࣬Բܶôá
ÿҽԺ ճҪľڡӡԣһѪѾľˡ
ؼǣԶһѵͷ  ֪ʲôʱ£׷ǡơȴŪ
ԱѪߵЦŵ˽ڡѾµĽչ
ӱҡҡͷٴĽչͻƣ
Ѿ൱нľΨһָҲлͰܲϣܡ
Աӱţˣ³ʳֱ˵ûУǸֱʳ䡮ӡٷ֪֮ζʲô𣿡
ӱһ㶣ζʲôȻ֪
ζлͰڵġӡᱻס룬ټӣԿסĽȣ˾ĿԼȥˡ
ҽҩʦЭȵȶѾڽоˣ϶Ҳò˶೤ʱˡʵҵǸҽǸŮӣӱҲŮ뵽ҲҲЩ˷ܡ
ӱȴ㱵ͬ
ʼšɽ⣬һҪʱȻЩˡ
лҪ˵ȥܶˣĿԣ

65


һҪ, ƣ϶õġʵҵС̲סӱ
ӱǹʧ֮߳, Ҳ̲סЦЦǻҲһ̱ѩһ㡣
ǲ֪кܶ棬кܶ˲š
ҪģǰЩˡ
ЦųԷ, лл 
ʵҵС㼤ߵԶ, ӱĸߵ˵ʲô΢΢
ֻ, ɫڿһԼ½½ϼ˵ʱɫһ
ǡлͰԵĵط
һӽȥô, ҺüʶģҽԺμġ
һռǡ衱Чʵ̫, õɵӶ֪ʵ̫
лͰǸһӳ, ʶľжɵ, Ȼ֪Լʮֲ, ȻĶ
֪лͰںĹǿʱ, ȻԿĵط
˫ս, վʵҵſڣʮֿûнȥңԿҽ, ʵҵԱΧлͰԼлͰߵǸԻ
۶Ǻˡ
ػصĽûһǵμˣΧлͰһֱơ=
ӱɫЩס
ϵõĳͷкֵ˴Ҵҳ
ӱƶڵлͰҲŵģһ˫ڰ׷ӴЩֲ̿Ŀӱǰ¡
קס֣ķԸǵô¡ 
üܳ˵⣬ǴͰȥһʵǱ߲ԣġ
˵ִ꣬Ҵ׷ǰˡ
⻰һӱǸˣȴǿлͰû£ԡ
лͰҲŰ
С󼸺ʱ䶼סҽԺģһҶҽԺˡɣûмô̰
˵ʵС¿ʼѾ֪Լ˶ãѧд֮Ϳʼûĥôд顣
һֱΪԼԡӦʮ̹Ȼģֱ ֪ʵδ֪ġ硯ҲЩ̿֡
ģԺҲҳԶˡ
ίͰ͵Ŀһ裬ҪŬЦҲ֪޸ĺҵ
ӱûеȵлͰͻƼǸոպ˵ʵСһܣһܻ˽
ڵġӡ½ϲ㣡
ӱһ£ûзӦ
һȣ˵ʲô
ӱһ£ǸոտڵСһڿԼԺʱСɵ׵ģˣˣӱŮʿĲԽڡӡ½˰ٷ֮š
ӱЩ㱣Щû̫ס½ֵ˼һ
ȴһӿŵӱԺĻӦûдˡ
ӱǷӦ
ѾӹʵСеĵı棬Ҫ˵ȥŶŵӱʲô
ӱлͰ֮󣬶ʱͷӦ˹˵Ͱڡӡ̶Ҳ½ˣ
ǣˣ½ȱšΪڶѻġӡԭԱȽ٣ԣǰĲԣӡ½23%
ӱ
֣
Լʲô㲻֪𣿡
ʲôƣʲôѵ֪𣿡
ӱǲ֪ǲš
ֵµҽƱתߣҲתƵԺ
˵㲻š
üͷҲҪ˵ܣӱ衣
ų裬лͰǸС쵰ҳ֮Ҳ͵һҲ̫ģ 
֣
ӱŬԼɫ棬ûи㿪Ц裬衣
ֿһ۵ӱӵһӦȻǣ衱Чܶͦõġ
漴͸Ͻҡҡͷ뷨˦ԺûУҪԡ
ճ֮ʳãӴĶܶ࣬пûע⡣
Ͼ衱𰸵ȷ̫ڲһ㡣
ӱȻлͰҽԺȻ׼ԱȽϳ֣ʣµö衱ȻҲЯģǸƿӵݸ˳֡
ִ޾Ž˹ȥȻһѾĵš
е޲Ʒ
ӱһۣͰǰ£˱˾£˸˰öɫҩ裬ͽңͰϵõȫȫһ̺۶û£˵Ųţ
ǳһ֣֮ɫڸ˵ġ
ӱס
֣ͷԼǰޡƿӣԼ桰ڰӣԼѧһٶҽҩѧԼĿѧֵҲе˼
ã¡
ӱҲⴧκˣңͰľˡ
ֵͷʾס
ӱʣͰû£
ֵͷõĲٺãȥʵ飬㾡ĸṩлл
˵꣬ѾȲ뿪ˡ
ӱŽȥŵлͰȥҽԺ˶ʲôǱö˵ʲô
лͰϻЩݣǷԼؼҵķߵʱԽˡ
һܣ裬֪һġ
ӱ£⻰һ㶣ܺ˵ʲôأ
лͰ費ӻ׵ģӰﶼˣŲ˵ġ
裬ǲûϣˣֱӸҰɡ
ӱ˵˵ʲô⣿졣
лͰﱯݸ㲻ˣҶѾˡ
ӱе
лͰصޣ͵͵Ϸ־Ϳ쵽ˣҸСְɡҲص˽Ǯ⹫
̹ףǰϵĿҲСµãû뵽˹ϡ
ӱѾҪƲסڵĺ֮ 
лͰصԲˣһ꣬ٸҺ֮֡ǰҳġ
ӱ̨ɳٶѾ˼¡
лͰ͵͵ϴΣǳɼ⹫Ҹ ǩֵġֻһơ
ӱɳȻɲͣſڣһлͰ³
лͰһݸأ趼ûˡ
̲סޣкöϷûء
Ͱ͸ڵӱ裬ˣ죬ǹܳȥģⶪ˹ԣŵĶλǣЩ˶ Բء裡
û̹꣬ӱıѾƲס˦˳ʵʵ˦ƨϣһ𣬸ӯʮ㡣
һ£۵лͰ໽лˣĲҪˡ
úʰһܺӵĵӱһŤͷ鷿´ǸӣǸȺ淭ϢȺһСʱ˲䣬ա
ӱ
ȺѾ˼ˣϢ÷ɿ죬ϼȴֻôһ㣬죬ǰ죬춼ûһ֡
ӱƬ̣Լ֮ǰľȺ򿪣
һʮ궼ûκϢȺ治ԼѾһš
ǰлͰܣӱûȺϢ
˲䣬ȺˣӦ
Ⱥֶ·ЩɱζǶǵӱ£Ϊˣ֪ûʲô£ԲϢ֡
Ӧ305ˣѵ305ˣָʾ
ӱ衱Ӷ˳ȥ򣡡
һġǡոӦ
һȻĴӣ׼ݣһ룺


66

66
𿴵ӱˮƵʱ, ʮºͣҲѾʮ, ɵȴʵʵѪֶ С
Ⱥ305ˣҲǰٱӵġǶԵӱĻ Ǿһ, ǣ
֣ӡ
Ҫǻκһ˶ν, ¶ᱻ²ۣɡƫƫ, ǡӱ
ӱǲɵ, ⼸ѾΪе
ɣսҲô
ͷո˾͸ϽװԼԺʲôûз, ̫ˡ
Ȼ, ǵӱֵµĽ˽ҲСȺ, , СȺԻ, ⼸һģһġ
ô

Xһ໰˿ѿڶ, ʲôǾ͸пˣ
֪ӱ񷢳˭п
ͷҲΰ˭ĵһ仰κε, һ˵ã˵þбֱˡ
ǿʮֽġ
ȺһƬžûһ˵Ƕûһ
жٸmmpǾǴ໥֮䶼֪ˡ
ôǲ˵˵
ǸŶ
ȻǸ衱ҳ濴֮ǶЩ±ƣЩоԼԸˡ
궼ʲôզ£ӱ˼զԽԽѲˣѲҲǸڣ
ͷո˦˳ȥֻһ;ú󱳷ˡ
ȻȻҪʼжˡ
һ˵ӱڣ˶ڵ305˴Ⱥ
ҵġ衯Ѿ˼ȶȣԴǴˮƵһŮʼŮ쳴Ŀǰ˶˵Чǳ棬ûκκ֢ǣ̵ĶӦûκ֤ûرעͼʦ
һ£ֱ衯ʲôƷ
ֱӲ⣿
˵꣬˶׷׿ʼˡ
ɵӱӱǷ񱻵ţֻǲǱܺӲСķǶ롣
ϾӱŮսĴڣôܻʧ
˵ﲻԣһûз⡰衱֮
̫ӦãݲЯκΥƷ
ĿǰûжԷķ֤Ȩ顣
 ڷһϵˣǿвԡ
øַʽ򡣡
ڸũϵû⣬ϵ˽СͰİȫ
´ʮѸٵľж
ǵһˣҹ˯úúõģ˰һһҫ۵ı־ݵԼǰϡ
磺
Բۣѿڶ뵽٣εַӱ졣
˲ΡΡĿڣңңһǷʲô𣿡
ȫ׷ĹԱͰͷѪȡǻڡ
˶ǳɵ۵ģᶼ ΪԼǽӴʲôýӴĶɻԼTMԩ
չڣвһ㶼ټֻҽˮƽǿٷ¹ʣÿ˶벻Լһ
Ǹ͵ĺ񣬲͵ƭֱƼҲٿڲġ
һˣôôùأ
ᶼˣźò׿ʼ΢΢ȶҲոҵ𲽵ϸ߷塣ϧǣյһġ衱ûü꣬ôôأ
һ룬Լǰ˵С㣬лϣ칺ġ衯Ƿд
һ£һûС
ʲô˵ϣǣҪǣ롱ϣǾͲһˡ
ԱһλŮʿһƿӣƿӿڴ򿪣 ʣµöҩ裬һ飬С㣬ĳġ衯𣿡
磺mmp
ʮ˵Ŀ⣬һС
лСϣҪʵҪԸġ衯о𣿡
ѿڶûУ
У𣿺õġС㣬Ը𣿡
Ŀɿڴ۾ԲӶҪطˣû˵ûУûУ
p
۾գôãǧ࣬ǧ֮СɱĶΪ˾ȥ
ҪܾǱߵķԱѾ΢ЦͷԸİ̫ˣлĿǻὫĹԶġ
ĿɿڴĿôҪ˶ˡ
û뵽⻹ǵļ¡
ţǰ˻ڼԸＯƷǿ̫ˡ
С㣬ΪˣܹԽԽãлסġǸĽºͽô󣬻ҹȡֻϣʱ䣬Ҫ뿪۶ϵҲùͨ
磺mmpֵĽ¾ȻѾǰ׼ˡ
˲ɼֱ֮ȡж뿪뿪ʱɴʱһ΢Ц
籧ͷҪʵʵı˻ȥһmmp
ȵ侲ſʼĥ衱Ҫ˵
衱ЧѾõ𾪵ĳ̶ȣҪ˵ʲôط쳣 ǾЧʵ̫ˣõ˵״̬ڷá
ֲǴӣܲעⶫû⣿
͹ ޶ġ
յ֮˼򵥵Ĳԣõʮ𾪵Ľӡ͡
ڷóЧ֮ѯѯȺˣûһ˳ֲӦҪǣԼڷ֮󣬻͵͵ȥ˸죬ȷԼûʲô⣬żȥ
ԣҪ˵衱ʲôõĵط϶ţϾʵ
˵ŮΪôܻʲôͷԣ
һЩʲôãֻҪҲȫ°
ô衱ʲôͻĵطþʲô̫õ¡
뵽ҪŭˤԣԼǧ˿һ٣һֱû¸£
ҪȺ˿ôᶢڻ᲻˱ҵ衱Ͳôˡ
Ѳƶ
ĺһˣ̫TMˣ죬죬źòһƿô衱ˡ
ŭĿŹԣе뷨Ҫϵһǣû˺һʱвʹʱ򣬾Ҫ˸һңǸңܱο
ɴ򿪹ԣûüжԶȻغͨѶһһֲ̫õԤС
һ룬ԶС㣬ãŸۡ衯һԼ֪ǷҿԱڣ
磺ôܣҹԶզɴԼԼȥ
綼ûпڣͷǸŮ·Ѿ˼ʮºԼ˼ЦЦҲҪǰ֪ͨһлСϡ´μ
һĮޱ飬Ĳټˡ
ôĿһһһ˾ôһ̵ĽǵڲȺȥǧˡ
۾ɴԲˣǷ˰ɡ
Ҫⶫİ취ΪʲôҪͨ֡
ǸСȺСҲܿ췢ﲻԣͿȺˢˢһ۾ŵԲˣ˭ͻȻôˣ
ؼǣһӽǧˣȻͳһIDͳһɾ罻Ϣġ
ˣȺ˽֮ȫû˵
Ҫһһ罻˺ţȫûˮСſܣֻ˶ֻΪȫˮ˺š
˶ô£ǧҲûһӦġ
硭װ׶Σһ
ԼҳӦ⻰ᱻֱ˺˳ˣ
лҪ˵϶У

67

67
ǲ֪Լıڱ˷, ϿɣЩҲôû۹, ֪Ч
ںǸҩ˽⼸չ٣ѾҪˡ
ֻ֮ǰ̫أԻҪһʱ
ɫ, п˿ԼϵԤꡣ
ûˮӡ, ˵Ȼ£, ܶꡣ
ǰˣָָԱߵѾЩĻ, ԼŲȥ𣿡
·
ôĬĬŹ˫ԭڵʱ䣬øĺ, ֻһ˿˿Թζ
ûʲôɡ
ǻ, õģֻǶֱʴ, ڵײһ˶ѡ
Ӧܲġ
Ҹӣʮֺ˵ĺһ, Ͼ˼Ǹ, ʵĻҪò, Ȼиô಻Ͱ׷ؼԺĳ˭
·
ȷʵָĺܿ죬˶ѾõĲ, Ѿ΢ڣˡ
רŽԼϵѪһ£ϵĲ֡
ɹûзӦ
Ҫ˵ɤӾһԣΣſǷ潿
µӣȻȥ׼ö
·͵ôֱŪԭأ


·
һֱһʮĬӣɫһƬǰ˲˵ܿԷĲ
ϰ壬λϰ壿
һŶԷöԷ֪ԼĴ󣬷ˡ
Щ˾ǲܹţȻ֪ߵغΪ
ȥ֮ЩһҪǵãһֱ˺ɫȻûܽˡ
Щˡ
һԱ̲סɪɪûʲôӦ°ɣ
ûǹɣ
⡭ʲô˼
ҪϿ
һԼеţѪͷɶϣʳܶϵġ
ץͷϵĶ͵ݸ͹һģϽתһע
оѾȶӵĶҷԽԽ˿ʼתƵߵķˣȻһûŪԭ򣬵ǣĿܾǣ嵱ʱ򣡡
˵Լԭ˼ֻǵһˡ
һ˫Ӻ϶ 
ȿŹһݹĹԣһ۾Ϳ˰·ģһ㣬òϣǧķչ˵ȷԽԽÿˡ
ٶܹЩˡ
ֻǣǰİ·Զͨ˸ۣپƯĳ棬ܴʲôطܿһҲһ
ˣĳЩˣǸ˼ʵģЩһ֮ӣԴϣ츳һֻ꣬һ졣
ֻǣԭƺѾһûмˣңҲ̫׽ôŻЩİ
һԴ·ȥˣͻȻ£ûֱӺԼĶϵɲһϢ
һܣ·ʱղˣҪһǣһ
Ҫ֤ûĺӣԺ
ڶ£ѾǹȷǸ鷳¶·ĶˣĿǣͽ
һΰ·£пǶԷʲôпܣ˵ĸף⹫ĳ£ҲѲϵ
һȴ벻ôԶһǴĩʼũϵѰһ£һҵء
һ䣬ɫͻȻ˶٣˿һĿֿ˿һϵĹԣǸϵˡ
ԽǿԽǾãеӡ
˺һ뵽ոһζǸɾȻЩı仯ٸӲͦ壬Ӳǡһ˰
Ҫȱ侲һ¡
ôõףôһӾ͵ˣôϷ磿
֪ڰǸ·ֱɱڣü
ԼܵʮִţеЦ
ŹһĬĬ˵ܲţҸպü˸˵Ѫģˡ
һ˵ʲô
ɿһʲôеɺϣҼ˺
һһʺãŹˣ㣬˵ʲô

һŹ㵽˵ʲô˸ˣ
˵ˣһüͷýģϵƽ㣬ũϵǼʺ٣ΰֱǺ֡
ԣҲ˲ӦôԲԣ۾΢΢һ
һüͷţȻٻֶμߣøַʽƭˣ˭֪˵ʲô˼ŪѪģ˵ͬģסò˵ﷸܲһ㾯ġ
㡣üͷһ
һ⡣еˡ
Ͻתƻ⣬ԣأ

˵꣬ȹػһæԣȥϵƽ㣬ܶԷǺˣǻˣᴦ㲻Ҫٲˡ
 ϽһץסһĹԣѾȻˣǻˡ
һʱְθˣôͲǻˣ˻дԼǻ֣

˵ȷдϡˡ֣һ̣ɲ൱дԼǻˡҪһһģһҲôˡ
ǳ鴤һν̬ȣˣﾹȻͱ˺ƵòԸⱨˣҾýˣ

һβ̵е߰
һ۹һƨɺ棬һȻúһЩˣҪǿ˵˵㣬˽ʲôǰһ飬и׼
ͻȻ˶٣ŹĬ˺һֽĶŹٵͷָԼԼϰ·Ƭ˵ҵǸ˭

ˤӣҲ˵һѪۡͼǿ
һĿŹۿˣ㣬㣬㣬ûƭҰɣ
ǰû¶ȺĲƭ𣿡
ŪҲģ򴽣Ǻ߰˾Ű׵ĵطԼȥǲƭ㡣
һһѱס˹ȻѾܡ
ҪȥͻȻ뵽ʲôؿڣۡ
һö˰ٰʮõ㣬Ǹϻö⻹һö񡱵Ľ𵤣ԼһöӪ
ڡ˰·Ѫ޹飿
뵽һ㣬һʱ֮Լ᲻¶ڵ¶ˣ
лҪ˵˵ǿܲţҽ쾹Ȼȥд󡭡ţƮˣ
ҽһ1-3£鲻䣬Ҳ
ϸ¹
ܿͷдĲáղغò

68

68
һڿ·һ, Щ㱣ȫת
, أ塭
·̧ۿһҲаûһˣʱ乮һȴǿɳúܿ졣
͵͵һ, ȴƳ˹һĹʮζΪԼҪ , û뵽ôһ, ˡ
죬, ǲǰǰ·
һٲȻûôҪ˭֪·ϻеˣֻѾֱӳŰ·˹ȥˡ
ۿͨ, һΪҲˡ
û¾ͺá
ֳĬ, еޡ
·ԴɤҲЩɳ, û¶ˡ
·˵û, ͵͵һ, Ѿ˵ˣҪݺ
ֱĿ
·ҲǸӦʮǿ, ݹʱܵ˹ȥ

һҲ˹, һѱס㣬û¡
΢΢㶣رҲͷ˵㻹š
һǻὫƻġ
ֻǣ˿Աߵİ·æǰ 𣿡
·ԼվˣΪʲôŰѹһ̻ˣ
Աûס͡һЦ
·
һһ۵ ڰ·ǰ棬ұ
ǿŹһŰ·뿪ͻȻ£̲ס̣·Ѿ˵ˣҲһ ǸӲҪõ𣿣
ӶһٿֱѪ
һ뵽һ㣬;Լ඼۵ġ׬һõ㣬𣿣
Ǵʱκһ֪ܳĻ̣ϻشףףֱ̫ TM  
ûб׬Ǯ׵ˡ
Ͷʼңҵңκһ߶ģÿһõ㣬˿ṩģôǼ򵥵ġ
أ˶õ㣬ֻҲ·ˡ
ȻǵҲ·ģģȺ󹺡衱ˡ
Ȼҵ·ԼŲ֪զ£Ȼˡ·
ǴǹȺǧ˿ʼ
ȺͷϢҪӸոնȺǾһ˲һ˲Ĺ򣬾ͱĸɸɾ
˶ˣ˵ǿܲţһû㿪ӵʱ򣬶ûˡ
㲻һˡ
ֻãٿ쵽£һɷֵ
Ҫ֪ȺȻ˶࣬ǶڲԴ¶Ҫ֪ͨȺڣԾȺһ㣬ҲǿԽܵĳ̶ȣ
ңֹһ죬ڶֳͬ
¾ˮƶ˲ԣΪԷԣַռ˵ֶǸƳһ
һ˻ռһС롣
ˮƣ
Ⱥﶪ֪ͨƣÿһΡ
ţͿȺٶȳȥһٰʮŸˣҲֵģȫƵĶ漴ȺԼûʱٶֽһٰʮŸˣȺġ
ˮһӾͷӦˣǾˡ
ǣû˿ˮƽ
üͷҲɣûһ衱ʲô
ˮǳ˳Լ΢ӦڡӱǱߣϾ͡衱ҹľֻǱˡ
ѲΪ⣿
ͷˮҡͷ˦ܡ
һ룬ַӦ˹⣬Ǿһ㣬ֵԶԶԤˡ
ˮ뵽ɵ㶣ΪԼѾĵһʺƨû뵽ԼȻǹڵ͹Щļֵ
˳˼·ٽԼԼҲ֪ﲻˡ
Ŷ
񡭡
ˮʶʿˮӦ̫˰ɣ
˲Լϵ亹ҲΪԼݺ˰ѺоԼеš
ˮƶһ㣬ǣģ
ֻ޲ڣ̣ϣַȥҽԺԼһԣȴ֪϶Ǳ˶ŵġ
뵽Լ֮ǰǸȫһȼġŶɤӶ˶оԼš
ˮƸոյſڣְ֪ܾͨǾ죬׼һ¡
ˮƣ
ҽպֵҵһλɡˮƸɰͰ͵ĵŮͬ¶ֻҪЩݣӦþ͹˰ɡ
ģΪ˲ˣǲҪĺðɣ
ˮƸ˵꣬Ǳ߾͵ãֵŮͬ־Ѿʿֵǲָٲԡ
ˮƣ
ˮߵݸոսвԣĲԵĽѾ͵ӱˣ˿ԵĲԽӱü΢΢̧̧ 
ֽǷݼ飬̲ס̾ϢһҪۿֻⱲӶš
ӱֺγǣ鶼ԼϣǳģҲǸţΪŤۣ
ӱҡͷ 衯𣿡
кǿĻԳɷ֣һ̶ȵĴǳɷ֡ҡͷʱûƥɹ
۶Ǳ߼٣ö衯ĿǰҩЧӣƷֵһҪҪḻҡ
ӱһ㶣۶ģ
۶һġֿһ۵ӱߵƤԼ鴤һ£ԼڵǸûеӱȺĬĬͬĳЩһ˲
ӱóԣ㱨
ĿǰѼʮˣ24ö
ӱš衱Ǹ֣̲סƤ鴤һ£Ȼ̵ʱǰڳǼʺô񣬵Ѿص۶ˣ 
֣𣿡ӱûȥ
306˵ĴȺһʱ֮һƬž
ӱЦʣö𣿡
泤٣ö
泤٣ö

µĲŸһ㱨һǧ 5ǿѵ顣
弶ǿȡ
ճ±1ѵ겻ɵģѵ֣ǶԼùݵġ
ļļǶǡˡ
Ҫһ㡱
弶Ǻǣͨ˵ı׼ǰ·ţӱм⵶ĶˮƽŸ飬ǼֱҪ
Ȼûпǳֶ̲סͬˡֻһ룬Ƽӱַվñֱʮ꣬ӱµǵĿ־嶼ûɢ
ӱҲЩڣ˭ֵ֪Ⱥ¶
˵ʵЧʻûнȥģǽĻĶա˫ͻȥ
ֵûʲô̫ͷ㹻ˣңĿǰĽչˣҲоʲô
ֻǣ⡰衱ɲǡݡЧĳЩ˵ǾĶ
һЩԸԵˣ飬¼ݡӱᵽһ㣬ɫ΢΢ͳ֣ѡҪˡ
Щ죬С˵ǡաЧǣĳЩˣǵӱȴڻԵ˵ǡ
ʱҪϢȥˮд
ڵǣǳĽӽ0ӡʳ˵ԸıĶ
΢ƣͼ֮ÿһ˶һ
ɣЧĺõͻ󣬶ԷֲԸӱ̾һ 
лҪ˵컨˺öʱ䣬дͷ¡
ǣҵĿ껹Ƕ

69

69
ӱ֮ԱǵĶ, ˵ȴѾԵ, ԼǵʳѰĳ̶ȡ
һεֱ֮ûǸֱжˡ
ڵӱ˵֮ԱǣΪ˸õĶ
Ҳ˸ЧĶ
ɶͨ˵, ѾǼºõĺöˡ
˵͡, Ҳûκΰ취ӡ
ȴһˣ˽Ϊ0Ӵڵĺö, ֻҪʹʳģǾͿԱ֤ڡӡӡ
Ҳ൱, ӳˡĽȡ
ڣıʷδĴѾƤӵ, ˻ܲż
ڶ˿˵, ǲܷô٣Ҳֵ䲻һ, ж಻򵥡
ʱ, Ե, õ, ǲʵʵģ
ζǣԣλóԣ
ֻҪԹֱκһڶ, ۶ܳױ˵߸ˣԺ¹ʲôǶֻǽ͡
ޣ³ӪTMҲͣ
ԴӳֱĶ֮˾Ҹɸ˾ȴǼ尾
һõõĶôͣ
Դ֪ʳ㻹ҪôԵshi
֮ǰӪΰķұʳðѳԵʳɽҲ֪ķ

罻ֳһţƽܳһǼүӣ̲סǳ˳ί
Ҫ游ƷЩô֪绹СshiĶ
ЩȻôζô𾪣ôҸļƮƮɡ
һţŬԼĴڸУȻ㻨ǮΪϴ˲ úַ˵Щ
ûＸҪ
ңκһλͷһɧһɶģƽ䣬Ȼ㶯֡
һͬĻ̧ͷĬĬǳ
ֱƶȻģŸʲôأ
ôԼٸϣˢٶȱȲϱ  
㵥꣬Ժٿ˲𣿡

ۿһգ۵Ĺսһƽίƽܲ˵
˸£жϣ·ķũϵûҵʲôرҲȷ
ũϵ뵽ֱ䣬ŶԷֱò̫˳ˡ
ûлϢǾǺϢˡ
ҵʱ򣬶һ㣬һ˵˶Ҳ֪ǻʲôã⣬Ҫôߡ
ţƣȰ·ȥְ
һ˲ʱð·ǿս֣㡭
Աһֿ̣ڵ׵İڡ·̻ȥˡ
Ѿֻ֣ǣεжأȴ⡣
΢΢˶٣ĳǾһԼ󱳻ɫ䣬ȴ֡
ҵ·ԸҲ˴ֱûϢô£
Ȩ޿ȱþǰ·һˡ
ƽܿ˿үӣֹһ䣬˭Ľ·δȥģ
ôû˷
Ϊֱǵ㶫
Ȼ˲ΪҪ¶֮жǣԭͱȽϵˣҡ
°̲ס̾Ҳ֪ɶʱֱԹɵĿʼֱٲҪȺƽ300һǣҶǡ
ˣӱǱô£ȵɢˣֻʣ˼λһС칫ʱ˵
Ҳũϵɣƽүӵǵ̲סĥҲ֪ӱũϵûʲôϢ
ֻǣҪϵӱΪ¡
ȿȣƽүӻǾû̫Ҫġ
ӱٻ˲ȥũϵǰӱ˰ܣ
ëսҲĸŮԡ
䣬ӱͰ·ϵǿȥһҡ
ƽ̲סֹҪǰ·ǣǸֱ䣬ֻһ²ؼ߸߹ɣ 
񲿣ýʲôĲҲǱ˼ҾҪˡ
ɲ֪˱Ƚ֪ԼպþȻܹݵˣǵʱķΰ·ôû˻ֻʱ䣬͵ˡ
֮󣬺ôδؾͰٷְٷϹˡ
ǲĥô࣬ոʧˡһʡõ㣬Ҹطֲ硭
ֱ
ƳһԱǸѾʰ׵һ·ɳϵˣ̲ס͵͵ֹ䡣Ȼ¶˾ģһԻ𣿡
һһ˲䣬۾ѾˣԳԳԳԡ 
һ룬Щɣ塭
Ȼ̫ʳɣҲ֪·ɤ˵ѣ϶ǲʺϳ̼ʳ
岻ʣɤӲǾʳӪ䣬ȻζǺܺãǣáһ 
ȫĸ̲Ʒһ
һ̲ס¶һĨͬ鿴˰·ΪԴӵһγԹĶ֮󣬾Ҳ̲κһӪ
ŻζֻܺӪʵ̫ˡ
·ְܵ񣬹һͬĿ⣬ɫ䣬üȴ΢΢
Ȼ֪ʲôǣΪʳӪʲôѵ顣
۶ʳҲûдȴҲӲñӪö١
ǸģЦԽˡ
ŸʲôȥѾӪûѽ
һʣʲôʱ򽫰·ģȻӪ׼ˡ
һɻȥˣԼѧֱ򿪣һԤ棬Ԥ棬
ҲѾֳʲôӵֱ䣬ʼϴεĵ˳
ϴƵϵʱ򣬾ר׼˲١
⣬ʳҲ٣ʣµһ㶹Լ˵ĶƤ
ѡʳˡ
Źʮ˳ֱֵ￪ʼæѣ·һĨ졣
͹ĽӴ٣ӰҲÿμкʱ֪ա
Ǹûܽĸ׺ʦĬƬ̣һû·ͻȻڣʮ˻ƣżɬĸоڡ
˶٣һܸ㻹š
·һ٣ǵҲɢˡ˼ˣ
⣬һɵ˼ǲҲǹȻģ
̲סһ㻡ȣȻѣ٣͹һʵʵĳɳ
˶٣֪һҪˣûм⣬һĹó˼ܣŷȥһϢֻãûյš
üͷ壬ѡһˣ˽˺ŷ˸ϢȥɣƬ̣ճصĶԷûκϢ
üͷø֣۶Ǳ߳ʲô¶ɣ
лҪ˵Ӵ
ȡȡܲ

70

70
Ȼ, ڱ·Ѱҵ˵ǰ· , ʱϢ¶ģȻǲ°
ֹؼʱ˭˼ڹ棿
ҪҪ¶, Լ˺ţǶ࿴һ۵ĺ
ûƼ, һĶųʲô
ʱҪǵ¶ѽĹؼ©, ֻ˭ܺ˵
һƽϵүӣ۾һԼߵ, мһ͸ϽעԼϣҪ֤, ԲƬ̵Ļ
˵, Ǳƽܶһģһû۾ֻᶢŹˡ
ƽ̲ܶסп, ˶벻, ⼸λƽ䳬ٵ, һһµĸλүô, ȻΪƴ١
ƴľʲô£ֻΪĳֱûбעʱ䡣
Ҫգֱ俪֮, ໥һ£ٽҲʲô¡
ɲһƽɨһۻÿһλүӣ̲ס鴤һ¡
ÿһλֱĴаȥġ 
ֱĹÿ͵ߵ޶һڣҽһȻƴʱˣ
ҲɵӣϾһյƽүõΪ΢һ㣬ֱĵһڶ
ۣӣλүô䣿
ƫƫֱʱ֮󿪲ֻԤ棬žʱ䣬ɲͼ⼸λ
㹻֣ȻҲ䵭ֱ䣬Ǽע鶼Ҫ 
Ȼû˸סʲôǣʺƨѾ÷ˡ
һ
ͳ־壡ֱ̫õˣԡemmm˿һ𣿡
ԶŻĻѧȻɬƿڣݷ࣬׷мרҵĲ̫ףѧһŵɲ١
ܿ˰ͰͰͰ͵ˣʷϼأʼѾڣжȵȣ˵һʮġ Զʱʮܻӭĳʱʾͳƣ **ʱȥԵʳʲôȻаٷ֮ʮŶѡˡѡ
֪Ӧôһ˻ӭʳ
罻ѲһӽֶжĶⲿ 
⣬žԶŻĵһʳɣ
罻˿ˮҪˣ֮ǰЩʳѾ˴㵣ԶŻĵĵһʳӦôˮƽѱʾ붼롣
ֻǣƺΪѾʧ
̲ס̾ԶʱڶĻٴоôһʧʱ䳤ӡҲˣôԶŻĵһʳȻҲûд
һ˵ʲôʧûسʦҪ𣿡 
罻˲ֱˣһſˮʼƶĥԶŻĵһʳӦôζ
ǲſˮһߣٺͶȴӶɵˮǻˡ
ҺΣϴûԵӦþǴ˵֮еġǹӵ̬⿷ʽζʷϼһģһ
ٱĵĿһۣ˲Լһλǲһ
°΢΢̧Щ԰Ͳмֻŵζң
԰ˣҿǳԹģ

ᵽһ㣬ֱֽǲΪǸζֻҪһ룬ǿ򡭡šҲǿˮ°
λسʦ󣬼⿶ûΪԼʱڿǿǶˡ
ģһΣһҪֵٶ΢һ㣬ƷĶپϲһ㣬Щʳڿǻڸá
ٳղϢİ·üͷһηţÿһ۲ûʲô˵Ϣ
ɣһ飬飬顭
һֱ罻ƽ̨һ쿴ռǰʮÿһ
ԶŻĵһʳ
سʦٿڵʲô

·ƫƫͷһ۳ڵĹɫԲ죬ôһʳȻֱӰռͷλá
ϼɷݣŲһ¡
ڶٷ˺űţ
ְֵĴȱ뱧
ӲƱ
Ƕʲô
һϸüͷЩ龹ȻһֱأǸֱľǣֱʳƷǽ0̶ȵġӡⲻܡ
ÿһ˵ĳʶ֪
ΪκȾأʵҲڣԣϾ0Ⱦʳġ
ɣ˽ڵİ񵥣ҵȶȣؼǣֱǰȫһһڵľ޶ͣؼǣǷ˿Ƶ̶ȡ
һ㣬⣬ܲǼٵġ
ʶֿһ۹ϵʱ䣬ôһ̻㱲֪ǺĴ
ǵԼʧٲǰʱ䣬Ҳ£Ȼô츲صı仯 
ȷǺ£ǣּĶʲô˵һʮҪ¡
ֱֱʱͻȻ˵Լĳ֯ĳǼʺţӻķǻжΪ֮ݣ
Ҫ֪͡Ե˿ɲСߣлмһ֣ʵȺ
ӱ
ÿһʵڽλõ ֻһڵ¶
Էֻƾһףżնٸ֣
·Ȼǲ롣
һıȹĻҪһ㣬ʣӪڰ·ǰ ûסͬĿ⿴˰·һۡ
Ͼ˳Թ˹ʳôܳԵӪء
۾΢΢⿴·壬Ļⲻ̫Ҹ㶼ˡ
·һԴ˼ֵЦ⡣
㡣·˵һּѣӣҲࡣ
һûһ߸ߣֱܵûУ˵Ҫң
·ʵǿ֮ǰСҪ˼ѧϰϣ·ҲֻżһЩǿȭš
Ƴһ۰·ֿᡣ·֮󣬹һһӱ״ֻ̬޲ʱʱڰ·ߣ·˲赹ˮް
˵ܵܣôʱ䣬òװװ֣һ㣬ôܱôнغ
ҽ̵Ĳãü΢̧
һŹеĻϣ۰Ͱ͵ĿţȻǺõġ
ϴˡ°΢̧ʱҪĻԼסҪʲôã
ЩվҲ𣿽̫أ˶ˡ
ĳЩ˵СȻģҸˡ
·ܾùոһۡζ
Ǿ仰ҲǱں
ؼǣ⻰ɣȫ޷
һſ֮ôһ˿˿쬵ջصԴһӴˮǰ
׼һ£ֱ˶٣ֲһ䣬н㣡
һ
лҪ˵ʣԵʲô
ң
12֮ǰ3е쿴Ӵ~

71

71
·Ǳ˵ġ΢΢һ¡
漴߷ڹһеֱ豸, ɫ΢
ͻȻ뵽ͻȻԭʼľȾ磬졣
ѹ, һӳɳô죬ѹͻȻô£ʲôԼ
ֱӼǧǰչڣʼûż, ûƵһ׬Ǯǣ·ֲǲʳ˼Ĵү, ֱûżȴҲһ, żߣ׬Ǯ˼١
뵽ἰõʱ˫, ̲ס̾һδ˵ڳʲôоΪˡ
ڹвһװӣ֮һɴ̼ñǻ, ɤӷ, ʶҪ磬Եʱ, һ, ͸ᶨˡ 
Ȼ, ûдŹֱҲ, ĳɳûʱһ£ˣҲǺ¶ˡ
ǿɤ, ԼԳܴӵĻԡ
ɴʱֱǿȴѾǴ˷㲻ͣˡ  
𾪣죬ˡ̻
ֱ俪˲䣬˸ոյֱʱ򣬾Ϳ춼ɢ̻̻Ư£Ǵ100õ㣬ȻҲ˿
綼򲻳ˣôҪ˵̻
ؼǣЩ̻һһ㣬һһҪʵ֮Уֻյ˻еۡ
ǡǡǲ̫ļһ㣿
û¶Ѳ־͵ɢȥ
Բۣõֵ˶٣ֱ˵ɣһŵס

̻ҵּܣ·΢һ㣬ʹʩһڡ
Щ˵һҲֻһĴֶѣģҲֻǸֶѡ
ǸõĻ棬ÿһͷ̫ǰ㣬ԼⱲǿʵȻ档
ƽֻԼδĹͷҪԼϡˡ 
̲סÿ̻֮ļʱֻʮ룬Ҫֱ Ҳ֪֮ǰܲܳǡҪܳϣƺҲôźˡ
ʮ֮󣬲з˿۾Ӧôǿҵ硣
Ȼ̲סаɼǰ20Ѿһα˰ռˣҲ˵20˼ƴţ׷ҵһڡ
ǮҲͦż
ͷһǮ͵ôżôš
Ǳߣ20үӲûһδӦǶʮȺŹһƽͷ㻹ҪҪ 
ҶԼTMԼ㣬㾹ȻŸ֣뿴˽ŵƽܡ
ƽүЦ˭˵ˣզûӣңһˣʮӶ˼
˵ֱ꣬һãƽܵĺףȻ֣Ȼզ⼸ʮٵһϷ㽪˵
ƽ۾һˣһƽֱܾӱ˰ΧˣƽܰԺҿʵУӭ㰡 
ɶʱǾˣƽܣе¶˵´㿴ܲܰһ£
УУҲǹˣƽܰ
ǻҪҪƽܰϷȤĵӰصҲа

ƽܳͷһΣȻΪỨǮõ㱻ˣôΪֱעӣǡ׷
ŵ¼ֱ޻һƮģģоԼҪˡ
Ǳ߸ո׼ʳģλԼٻͷִͣﾹȻֻʣʮҵСˣüһֱ̧ôô٣ôС
һһʮʮżĴͣԼ ˮһСֿͣһ۹С٣
ɿշ˿ǰŵļʮλεĵһڵķ˿ֵȻԹʱʾ޷֮
ǡ̫TMʵˡ
ɣڹǰұڣҺߣʮѾˡ
һֱĵշ˿һһƲ޶һڵ趨ʾ˰ٷְٵĲ
ſ
ԻǿŵĿʵûбעȿȿȡ
С
һԴͷ壬ʳǸոЩ̼ζǰٷְٵĺã
·ڹһͷ֮ŬסԼı飬ոҪѿڶ磬һǿ˻ȥ͵ͱ˸š֡
һֹһ˵ġһ̼ʳʾɣһҲˡҲ֪ʧٵʱ˵ǳ˶ٿ࣬˶ί
ɲ֪·Ϸô֪ܻ࣬װһð·֧һ¡õﻹء
ǲӦж٣Ҫ٣
¶ȵв˵ɿ£ÿһ£һƯµô֡
·ʱ߾̲ס˹ȥ
ͿŹµĶֿ׼ؼǣ·ȥȻùֵ´ڵȻһģһ
Ȼûóȥɣֻƾһ˫۾ҲֱܷеĲ򵥡
Ŀ⿴ŹıӰüͷ΢΢壬ֵɲһʱģټϹⷽ
ص㾹ǵ۶Ǳߣǹˡ
·һľ붼ֱܿǼǵ۲죬ľöȻţôֲܷˡ
һ°ͶҪˡ
һʵǿĳʦҪȻô𣿡
˵ǿܲţҸո΢ס
۶ĳҵҲʱʱķ˱˴˵ġ޴ɼֵǾǶټʵ
רͬɡǹóףȻҲó
Щ˼ͷûУҵԼΪʲôʵ𣿾ͳһĵ
үˣ
֪΢
Ƭֻټ򵥵Ĳģ¿˼ҾԶԶͬ 
Ȼǹ
ɸ˼һֱʲô
Ƭкãϴ֣˹һһ׼ԡ
׼ԡֱֶ˵ҲҲ˷ޱȵźŵ
Գˣô죿
ǡġ

·ҲôſԱ߲һΧŵһȦʳģŹһԷһϲõÿҪӣҪͣѾˣôɹһЩԼ壿ֻǣ岻̫Ķһɤȴǿһҿһ
·ʱ򣬹һͻȻ뵽ʲô۾һϽһˮȥֳһӪȥ 壬Ȼֱӳԣǿȥֱѽ
ֱţȥһԣ
ûֹ·˼ͲȥôΣյĵطѰԭĸ׺⹫ҲԲһ
ң·һֱסʲô֪
·ԭҪֹȴֹǽʲôķŽǸڷڵĹһֱߵֱţ˶٣ǵ
ֱӸõƺҲ̫ãͨķʽǲ
ֻȥ֮󣬿ֱ·˳ٵȥֱͷ¼µϵͳʱģСӱߣΧǸССͭӡ
˳
ŶԭͽС 
лҪ˵Ŭ

72

72
֪Ϊʲô, Ϊš, õʱ򣬰·ĵһӦȻǣţøոյļ仰û˵ڡ
ȻСǰֵýһɡ
Ѿ֪жĹһ, ٿʼվû̧ͷĹ
ٵͷԼбһӪôһ˿
ָ΢, ٴνֱ
ĿûзڹǰͭҲԼȴİζ, ̧һֱķ˿һ΢ŵϤζid, ð·ûסĳ˳
մͰǰŶһڷ˿ֵ˺ţֳ鴤һ£, һ˵û, ͹ȻѾ
ٿһͷġࡱ񵥣, ˵Ҳû
ֱ伸еĻڵ, , Ѿӵʮһλķ˿ȴûһǼٵġʲôô, £İ
·עҲһη˹͹һϡ 
Աߣȡһ˫, ΢΢ͭ΢΢ɡ
ͭڷŵһƬոշŽȥţӦʵͨţ⣬ֻǣ֪ôԣٽҲûŵζ
ͭԭ̼ĺɫ׾ʺɫһӱ԰˰
Ҳ׵ɫŨţҲøˡ
ŹһǶ˰˰ģţոձɫʱ̣ü̲סһ
Բۣû
ھϴ͵ҼȵǸ
СҲ̫˰ɣֻһѾܲˣŹɡ
໣Һ޲ôٳˣզô٣ᣬ˲𣿡 
·üͷһ壬һûг꣬ҪʲôͼĵȰϾ˵ǿԡ߷硯ǸϴԵֻ֪ǻǲǵá
Сٿ죬̫ˡ
һĲʺƨϽԼոշųȥһϢ˻ȥоŵһ
·ֱȴһԻĵĻ죬ĿȴûпǻĵĹһ෴ֿ̧˹
˻Ծ裬ֱõ˽ߵķʽ˵ģҲֱԭʼģΨһܿҲԱˡ 
²СԲһߣǰѲ˵пʲôոշ͸ֱ
Ǽʳ֮ʱ׼ĸ⵽λƣʮ㣬ȴݲκһ˫ӲĻᡣ
Ĺһڵ֮ʵʵĿʼԼ⣬̲ˣԼʱˡ
Բۣٶ̫ˣTMϰû̵ģû죬55555̫ˡ
໣ѾСˡ
ٳԲңңTM

·ѾŵЩ˿ĿСԲһȦϡ
һǣ
·ʶֿһۣ֪֪Լһ仰˵һǧۼ壬֪ôķӦֻǣü΢ջؿŹĿ⣬̲סʧЦһĹ۲
ֻ֪»һãȻһ޹ʣʲôϵѵӦ
뵽Ǹ棬·ͻȻʧЦ
Ŀɨϵֵ飬һŹǶ˹ǰѵġģܺÿûκζ
Աһ̾ӣüϧƷ֣ǰ·ҲûгԹΣֿһ۹Щӳ֣Ҳׯ԰Ĳ
Ǹģׯ԰ϵ̫ܲ󣬺ֻǹˡ
ǶԱߣƺǶֻǶܶʮֵͣ϶ܴ֮Ķ֭һȦ֮Ӧû˲֭ˮĶŨ֭
ֵĶƺҲͣڸдƽʳõһǸóԣ
ͷʶĹһ¡
ǶԱߣǶȴǱⱡµĶһ˵ģǡƤ
ֽнһĸоûйϸɣܱҲһĵطɣ
ȻǼɵƴ̷һЩ߲ˡǽ0ӡڵȻʳġ
ԭţǰʳģٿһ۹ԼϣѾ+˫رˣڹж
ӡ˵ֻһ֡ʹã֡
·һһɨϵʳģۿŹ͹һڿļһţһҰİԼǰʳ
֭ûΪʳĹңΪͬʳȻǱԽԽŨˡ
ԭǵ̼оʱҲˡֱǼ꣬·ĺͷҲʶһ
Źǵ㹦ɨһ۵Ļڷˡáڷ˿һͬĿһֱͷҲȷǹڲˡ
ʳĶģÿһʱ䶼һ15롣һʱ䣬ʣʳʱ䱨һ£ϲʲôʲô
ֱһλֱһӾ͵ɴԲۿԼǰֱʱһۿֱķ˿ͳһݡ 
˰죬Ѿʱ׼ſʼжת޵ˣһڷӪҵû֤ݡ
°͵ԣǵԼѧŶ֣ȻһǸнأ
ֱһʱ֮䣬մﵽߵ㣬˶ڼȻֱѾЩ£ǣ
ǣ뻹Ҫеģһʵأ
ؼǣз˿̲סĿǻ㼸ʮүӣʹˣٸϹ͹һ 
Ǹϣ·ȴûκѹ
Ͼָļ죬ֱҲκӰˣǷӦʵȻҲͰˡ
ֻ ſӣ·ֱʮֺ˳˹Աߵϣƿʼˡ
ʮ룬ʮ壬ʮģʮһ
·ݵǿ͹һµպ΢һȦڷ˿ 
ִ̼˿ʳζ顢ںŲ֪ô⿶ɵŨζһ  
㶼˵Ũζ
ǰζûУڣ˿˿Ƶһ㣬һ㣬һʡȴôڸǲסζָ𵽺ôġɫ
оȴ˿ʮʱǾôոգոգոǡôĺá
ǵİ·ѾǰԤڣ·ʶӣζһרעȥܣȥƷζȥ顣ǷḻʮĿڸУζζٶ·Ϊ֮裬ȸԾ
ãͷ΢΢˶־׽ʣİ·ͷ˿ԼǹܹһӪƳһ۹뵽ʱɫ⼸ȽȥӪθۡ
лҪ˵Լһ£Ҷ֪ҾȻ
лСǵĵװôôա

73


·Լ֮, ֱۿķ˿ҲôֱʳԽԽ٣ԽԽ١̲ס, һҲʼԼˡ
ⶫֻô㣬ǳٶȿǰ㶼ûпǷ˿ǵĸܣҶˣֱҲͲٴˡټȥ, ټô磬һڳԵĶʣ 
Ҫֱ˿ʳ, ĲһʱٿԴﵽ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ˰죬ǿʼԼ, ⲻ¹ʵڲ, ȷص𣬱Ƕһƺ첻춼û̫ϵ
, һ, ҲǿԽܵġ
Ȼٷһţ⣬һ·ȥ, Լŵ, ø, ǳ΢Ӳһ, ʵζҲζ
ԽԣԽͷ
۶ϸ, ڼϵŨģ˲ü֮⣬ֱһëûС
һ֣˵ǡģ¹һ£ǽ֭ˮУ֭ǽζľ趼ɵˡ
Ψһһ㲻̫õģ̫żģһҧȥʵе졭
֭ŷʱ죬̼Ũеĸоһ Ҳˬˡ
ȵŵӸԼһʱڵʱ򣬽о׽ʱ򣬲˶޲øԼһѰƣ⣬ζǾȻá²ۣôꡣ
Լû½ĺóԣǾȻ
ֱзֲҪ
⻰ڶЩʦԽֵ쾡£ʦЭǰˣϱߵֺס
ǿϣһֱΪµƷĶڶԷֱųζǲȥҪһߺְ֣һԡ
ڵһڳԵʱ򣬾¶ⱲźɫҪһôʱ䣬֮ǰӦþѾԵǶ˰
ҪǳԵˣôʱһκʱԺлζ
ʹļ׵ָϽһ飬ҴԼֱǿ˰
ɣϵʳĲ٣Ͳס͹һֵٶʵ̫ˡ
ҲͲס˿ǵǹӽΧĹ͹һ˻ûгֱ꣬ڷ˿ȴѾΧӵв˳ˡ
ʣµ˰ӣҶҲûзŹһƬһƬĳԵøɸɾ
ʦЭᣬʳȦѾʼˣоˡ
ͨǳ£ûס
ôһ֭Ҫô˷𣿡
ֻҪôһҸо
ӣζҲ㣬Ҫûôף͸ˡ
һȺ˿Žǵһ֮û¶ֻܿŹǳһʳˡ
ٶ΢һǶȴһģһŵȻ׼ٶȻǣʱȴǰѿصķǳãԲκһʳһ֣һ롣
ƫƫǳԵһִٵģȴڡ
ôԣҶܿһꡣ
˼ʳôóԾˣTMզȻҲôÿ
ôǳԣҸоһԳһ簡
һǹţ㡣

ЩĻĸ۵ǲֺ
ǻֱֻ俴˼ҳԣͲòУߵİ·ȴǻҪڿŨŨζ˳ԣšֱĶʲôûеʱ
ǹһ٣ǶϿŵı飬һǻζж˻ϲܡ
һ飬ܵ·ʮֻ߹ȥһνЩӪ·ֱҽرóԣֱٳӪ
ոֱԹſ֮ŨŨζİ·һͷеӪͣŨճģ
θʲôڷڣڳ鴤ĸо
·ĬĽӪԱߣƤ鴤һ£ɤҲɳˣá
һ̾һ֪ҽĻĳζ㲻һԣԲ֪
Ȼʮֿͬһ۰·Ӫ̫尾ˡ
·
֪ҲѾֱﳢˡ
ҡգ·ûоӪǶѳԣ尾Ͼսʱ⣬ӶһԹ
£䵭Ŀ˹һһۡ
ҪһĻ 
ӪҺǵԼ尾ǾŻһԣҲһ尾
ǶԻ裡
Ȼƽ·ɫһֱ䵭ηı飬ɣ֪Ϊʲôһܾýİɫ¡
ʶԼ̫Ͻ죬ܵϼԡ
ƵĳһƬһԹĹһȻֱ͵齱ᷢ罻
˵ֱӹҶֱһŸջĹһģ齱
һԹ
Ū꣬һ۰·ʮǸģǲеζ̫أӰˣǸһȽϲ
·ŹϵЦ⣬Ǹ⿴һⶼûеӡ
̫һ㡭
ɲô࣬·һӿô࣬ڱĵطһһ㣬Ҫ
ȻŰ·ɫٿֱֳĴʴʵõ㣬˲ȡ
ȻǸְǡ׼ʳġ
ϴֱӰģֻҪְװͿˡ
ʳˡ
˵Ҫõ㣬ñöһ㣬߲ԼģȻ鷳һ㣬Ǵʵûжķʲô¶ʳװ䶳ֱʼĳȥ
һڡְ֡ıȻҪŴġñһ¡˿ǵĻԣˮƽûдﵽ޵ӡ
ôˣõӦв١
һΣҪһĶֱһõ㡣
°˼һͷƽȴѾֱӱΧˣƽܰ
ƽܡ
ƽӴ
ܰ
ƽܱԼĹԣѾһţһ仰˵
ƽүӺݺݵһۣϴεȥȻǻûһ㾯ģ֪Լֱʾص
ΧЦеǾǿոյʲôϢҲû˼
ƽᶼˣǱŵġ
˵ Щүү ҪȻǸƽһ ӣеţе°
˽ƽܶˡʲôÿģ
ƽүүӿûôȥƽܲŶͣ⻹ϵƭ𣿡
ԶԶԣߣƽܣؼҡ
ƽүһˣӵӣӲ֪ԼͣTMҪͣ
ˣ˹
㿴⻰˵Ķ⣬ʲô㰡ҵģӣ𣿡
ƽүӾôһѵåӵŻؼңһȺȻǰɫһƬڣɽ֮ȴǼſѾΪԼˣʱһͷȥ
Ҳ㣬ڵĿ˰·Ϣ
ƽүӼ֪ΧʲôӦôڵˣûбסϵϲɫϽһϢظ˹ȥɶʱܻص۶ֱĺ̨Ȩޣ
յ˵۶Ϣİ·
лҪ˵໣Ʈ~ҿ컹
ʮ֮ǰ
һ㡣

74

74
ʮʱȥ, ·һζԼĹףԼĴڼֵôһ˿˿Ļɡ
ʧʱ, ϵ۶֮󣬾Ȼ͵õôһ仰 
ԣþȻôһ㣿
Ǹϲ鿴ֱ̨֣
ӴѰȵԭ˵ԭˡ
·
ƺҪлһ¹, Ȼ˵ûôż˰ɣ
ǳ˳顣
ôһ˲ÿڻشԷĳ嶯
ǱߵҰҲԾʧԣڨЦ, ͵͵һΧˣעڻϵʱ, ŻظСӵı, һ֪ܲʲôʱ
·ûκεĸжһˡ
˳SSS壬й, ʱҪҰȫϢųȥ
ǱߵĵһӦ, ʱҲֱ̨ܿǸϢ
·
ͷҰûлظϽһֱҪԡ
·ҿ罻ѡ
㾹ȻҲ罻ǱߵҰһ졣
·Ҫ²ԭ˾, ҰԼ, Լ˲Ŷԡ
Ұֻظ, Ȼ֪, ǧҪǵùעǸֱ䣡
ո˵꣬Ϳ˲˻ôҴҽԻ, ȥˡ
ֻһֻôһʳҪˣľˡ
˵ˡ
Ҳû˵·ĺܣʵǵʵǿǸĸż⣬ҲܺܿȻǲҪָֻš
Ҫһֽ·ģ·ģֻϵ
·ôԼţĬĬֿһ۹
ţļֵǸڹˡ
ȫûкǮ·˵˼ĥһξӦһʲô һIDȫûԼѾΪһ죬һԾ
ϾõֶǾԲġ
ŪͷϵĶĥĥĥ
ˮƵǸȺ﷢ֵĺ ȻȺҲڣֻ͵֡
һˮƹ֮󣬻żʱעȺϢ
Ҳĥ⣬ϾЩҲǽְ֣żҲҪһְ֡ǵܸõ˽⡰ְ֡ǵ󣬸õ׬ȡõ㡣
ֱ䶼һûиġˡü΢΢һҲˮƵʲô˼
Ҳû̫ע⣬ϾⶫǸƷѣֵٸߣҲӦ̫ע⡣
 ûЩʳ֡
ֻ˵һ㣬̲סֺɨ˰·һۣǮ
·ܵߣ̲סüһ̧ʵǶЩ֣֮ƺЩ̫Ѻã
ʲô£
·ûϳǵط¶ޡü죬⽫ɾȻûϳ˵ʲôˣ
뵽·뵽һ㣬ϴŵ˼Сʱ̻ŨŨζҲΪɣ
뵽ü⣬ɶûҹ鷳ãǸɫˡ
ֹ̾ô׬õʱ򣬰·
ʶĻǳһŷ˿£ֿ˹һۣԼ˹¶
šõ㣿
Źûڣһզզһֱӳ嵽˹ߣ۾
ոտڣ͸ܵͻȻ˲죬ٿھģ㡭
û˲֮ɫʱ۾ַˣ˶㿴ֱͳȥǷݡںѾǧõ㣡
ǧ򣿡ʶҪ⣬ֱͽѾǧ
ô˶õ͵ġȻֱóȥҲˣЩ˾Ȼô裬ֻϳǧĽ
һ룬˶٣ԼƮˡ
ţϾʦġŲʮõ㶼ȥء
ȻȻѾģң繮ֱʱֻǴ;ڣôһʳķḻĲƷôֻܿôһ㡣
ԣգ۵Ĺ򣬴ԼǸһһϿ£ע˶ˣԴѵ˷ӵǺҲôԽԽߣһգ۾ֱ쭵ǧ
ң۵˻һ㶼٣ԽԽ࣬ǵҲԽԽ
ʵһ㶼⡣
ǻȫĺö˵ļֵֻ˵һ㣬ֻҪⶫԤȥһֱ˸һܣܵٵĴͣ
⣬˵ġ
ֱɵӰڶȣܻӭ̶ȣֻﵽôĳ̶ȣ
ֱֻһ룬֮һҲʮλʮһλĹڡ
̶ֳȵƹ㣬ļҹ˾Ҫĸ첻Ҫĸ۷ʱܴﵽ
ټҵƱǡӰ޷ȫ˵Ҳǲɹ
ǧǾλ⣬ֻ¶Ǵ׬Ȼ󣬾ʱһţܿεһڡ
ʱһƽһµǻ֭вˣһֱ֭ɵһ˿ˮ֡
˲δԭأζոԼֵһڵζ
ƽͷЩˮƽ̫ˡүżֲĵ
ǻ֭ô ǿ϶ܸλһ˷ѣôһˣֱӵʣµѽ
ָƽү۶ϵƷʵ߲˹ųԡ
ֻǣƷôسʦʳ֮ٳƽүҵЩʳģЩζˡܾûô⣬һģһˣƺ˼Ҹ𣬶֭ˬڣۡ
ƽүԭһɰTMֵڣûջһȻ鷳ˡ
֣ȥ
ƽͷ㿴ĲˣⲻҲλ˺òĹ˷𣿡
뵽ƽүؿڣøѹˣôһ֭ҪܳԶʳٶܳ塭
ζĥĥԼķ˶ ̫һ㣬΢Զһ㣬ӦҲٶٰɣ
ֻҪһ룬;Լ۸θۣ˶ˡ
үү۪
ʲôƽүϤʮֲͷһƽܣ΢̬ôһ㣬
Ա߼˰Ͱ͵ĴչҪ˵ɶ˵ء
ԶԶԣүүô첻ߣ
ƽ٣ɲ򵥣
ƽүƿˣһӣ˵ôˣ
ƽܿһۣүӣЩΪѡ
ƽүӿ⸱ЩС΢ӣûԼɣ 㡣
ƽίȴֻθЩֱһݡIDֱнǸˡ
һ˲䣬Ｘʮˣͳ˹ԣôֱϡ
ͽһ±ƵģڵĳӶ˵ƽүӡ                         
лҪ˵Ƚ~

75

ƽү, ؿڶһô²ˡ
Χ⼸ʮ˱ŹԾҪ, Ǻ޵ᡣ
һɨߵƽܣƽһʮʮʮ޹񿴹ǿͰ͵ľֻ޲ûԼؿֱϸûϵƽүӷҪ˵ġ
ѾԿʶ, ҲʮֶµĹүүʾˣǡүүҪһ
ƽүؿ, ֪Լô۵һˣôôû۵ӡ
ƽҺ, ˰
ҪùԿϾ, Ͳˣܸ˭Ǯ
õõǲǸ
ɸոԱиС, , СǸŮꡣ
, үү, Ϊʲôֱȳһ٣Ȼٷѽ, ѿѿûԱ
ƽүôһ˲ĽӲ, 漴˶ڷˡ
ԡ
жɵxȻŮȫ, Լ׼ǹﶼһ⣬ûס
һ˲䣬ĿﱬһЦƽͷҲн죡ڼ㾹ȻҲн죬
ƽүϺڳ˹ס
ƽܸϽһסԼõ죬ߡ
ƽүӺһôСԼŮ˵ˣЦһɨ˿ڵˣҲûҺöȥ뵽ˣһˣŮ
ôһ˲ģž
˶оԼһ̣ܵ裬ؼǣˣһ꺢ˣǻ
ΪǱһëûС
໥һۣһߵСЩʹˣæһ첻ЩԺϵ¶˾ˡ
һģȻôӶ
Ȼ󣬶ʮλүӶ˶Է񣬼װʲô¶ûзĬĬĴ˹ԣģ
Ӽۣ
ʮλͻȻ룬ʱֱעһǿ޷Ƶ
ֱϵ֣ôӼۣټӼۡ
罻Լƽ̨ۿȶȲϵҲ㷭ٷ
һȫĬȥȻ֪ǸۣҲ֪⾿ôĸ߶ȡ
ԲҲ䡣
һʳ
ǷԹϵͬʱͻȻ뵽һ⣬ǾǣԲۣˣtmϵڱ
һ仰һӴˣһʱ֮䣬ζֱӴӺÿһ˵Ĺ
ʳ͵İ
λʦֱ䣬ôһ˰
Ҳ˵ôڿֱƷʳʱ콵ƣһӣ󡱵Լͷϣ㣬ֻҪǩտݵʱǩ֡
ֱнת޳齱ýƷ¶ǼˣƽҲճѷŷ
ǣⲻͨĽ
ۿžֱӱĵʮλʮλһƷ
⾹ȻǲҪеκγɱûһ˿һյĽ
ˣ
ԲۣⱲûôĽһˡ
ԶŻо仰ϵԲۣ˾ϵǸ˰ɣ

ҪԼǮԼ׵ĵõ´Ҳôƫƫľǰ׼ģľϵڱûҵˣֻҪְ
Ϊֱ䣬ίʵ̫أ·Ҳÿγ齱֮ǰҲûԤȣҲûʲôĵθڣҪ齱Ȼн
ԣ֮ǰᣬе
ҲǣϣѾʧûôί
ǣڲһ
⹫ֱĵʮλ˭ܲᰡ
ֻҪһ룬˾;Լ·ֱˮﳤġ
ʮ㣬һ߻ҩζʮ㡣
һ˴𣬡ƽͷtmٸҼӣ㣡
tm㰡ûУõһȱˣƽүӼֱͦñֱ°ֱﵽϡ
ԱߵҰûסЦЦƽүӣ˵ãǾɶʱȱǮ
ľɲյģƿžԴֻǰ裬ֻܹ棬ҪǾϣؼҷһ㡭ǣؼСӣҲǾ˵Ҳ÷ֵôϸˡ
ģûȱǮģҪȱǮҲȱСǮˡ
ͷͦأһһӲֱ仯ҪһʡӲǵ񾭶̼ľˡ
ƽѹС˵үүǾһǼҳѽ
ԣΪʲôҪԩͷأ
ȷҲƽү˵ģɣ˭Сģ
һʱ֮䣬̲סһ棬һλԼ̡
Ǹոռһʵλ޲öԼצӡ£ԩͷɲ
̲סһƽܣԭһԩͷʵҲûɶͻȻ˲ʣһ˵ԩͷ
ָоͲ̫ˡ
˼Ӽۣϲĵһݡۣƽүһˡ
ǰļ򣬡ߣޣþûȥˡ
ƽܱܿүӵ񣬱ѿѿֱү
үƿƽһۣƽܣҼǵɣúѧء
ƽܣޣүү˽ǲǲ̫ã

һǼʹעҲôĻ
һݳ齱ͺõʳɹĵʮλۣȻֹ˸Ļ
̨ϱˣ̨¹ڡûۣͣôͣǸֱҲٵǿһͨʳֱˡ
Ȼһʼʹͨζǲ3%ˮƽʳġ
ǣһ̿ʼͨǵҲѾһ޴Ľɽ
ڹҲ˿⡣ôͳȥģôͳһݡȻõ˼ֱһһĽ
ộ
ؿڣֱԼۻˡ¶϶ǿ󣬵һȫȶȵʱ򣬿϶һġһģ϶ʹﲻȶȣļ۸ˡ
Ȼôˣ
Ǽֱʹļ׵ģԱߵİ·ʶʱѾԿ϶ͻȻɫӦþΪ500õ¶ˡ
֪Ȼһԡ
Ų֪·α︹ģ֪Ҳܵ⣬һĲˣԺ
֮֮ǰ̵ʶһ⣬ǾǣǮܵģûǮܵģ
ǰǮ
ʹļ׵ͬʱһתǾһε¶һܺõС
磬ԭڵ磬⣬õĶ棬ϡĶҪУĳʵļ۸
ǣĥϴöҩϼܾˣ֮ҲҲûµ¶̲סС˼
ʦġŲɲ˷ѣǣҲԲܱû¯
Ͼٹ˶ãٶ໻һЩʯ֮ԼҲȼĵҩˡҲû̫á                        
лҪ˵

76

76
Ȼ, ȻѾ֪İ취Ȼǲܴ, ӲίԼʦġŲˡ
ֻǣһ⣬Ƚ˿ˡ
ĻҪйעȣؼĻǵ, ˡ
˹һĻ, Ҳư
Ͼ˶ǲʶ, ңҲ֪ı, 㹻ģʦġŲܻɳ
ʱ, Ҫˣ
ԣ
ü΢, ֻ֪ġıпܳ۸, δԸ㹻ĸ߼ۡ
˹һһ, Լҵ˺ʵķ, ж
۾΢΢, ż⣡
ֻǣҪƹ㣡
ƹ㣡
Ҫȫ˶֪Ȼǰ֪ͨˮ, ԼˮƵǸңԼһ
жһңһ𣡾۸
뵽Ѿ²İѹһק¥ȥˣôֱµİ·
·΢΢˳ԼȻΪ͹һСܶѹֻǵĹС˼̫࣬·ĥѣ
Ƭֻ̣æԼˡ
ϵԼµһˣʼδͽ£һҲϢԼĴй¶
һ棬ϵ˵ӱ
Ȼֱʱġս񡱣Ҳʶģҹϵͦ֡
ΣӱƷΪˣŵùؼǣӱ˸պũϵ
ҪٶȽãҪһֵµˣϾ֮ǰũϵҲ˲ˡ
ӱӵͨѶƬ̣Žͨһۿͷİ·㻹ţ
·
Ǹ˵4S壬˽
·һƣǱά޻׵𣿡
Ȼַˡӱʱˣ漴ôƬ̣Ӧ˳Ⱦɡ
ӱͰ·̫ԣʮ·ӳж಻ס 
֪·ڿľ
·ûлظʵֻҪǾս˶᲻һ㡣
ĽսǽսȾķշǳ䣬ԽǸߵȳ壬ַȻҲԽԤҲǼ
ӱʱ3SΧ˳ġ
ǵǹƥǸѾ4SԼһȺ͵ȼľ
ӱﶼ˼ʹɫ΢Ƭ̣Ҳѹ֣һҩԽķˮƽĿǰûзĸãҩ
ԣ·ʶһ£Ҳ֪ʲôԭһӦȻʶľô̧ͷ¥ϵķ򿴹ȥ
ҩֱӿƼˮƽһ֮ĵһӦȻҪȥ
漴־òԣӱ͹ӦòʲôʲŶԡ
ӱ΢ͣһ־˵ǡŶõҩЧʮԣַңҾ췢һݣһԣûЧ
һˣ¶ԷҲܡӡȾĥҲὫֱӸ֪Ͼ¶Ӱʵ̫
ڵӱ˵ϣһֹƽķʽԷ
Ȼ˵ĸҲԲԸԼκһǿֶȥʵʩ¶
һ˵ԷлͰľˡ
һ棬/Ҳ˵Ķˣδ֮
ɣ뷨ǺõģǣҪʵʩδؾͼ򵥡
Ͼÿһ˶һ뷨⡮ŶɵӰʵ̫˵ˡˡΪ
ǰ棬֪жܹԴˡ¡
ж˽⿴ǡ󡱵桭
֪ôġª
֪ˣ·Ҳǡ
·Ӧһֽģ·Ҫѯ˵۶Ǳߵ֪Ŀǰ˵עسʦϣʧٵȶȺ͹עȶ̲࣬סһĬҲ֪ӦΪԼһ̣ӦΪԺһᡣ
ҶͨѶĥ¡
ԼֱߵӣԼԣһӦԼڵԺĥŹڹʳֱ¶
ֻҪ棬ֱԶᡰ¶ĿǰϽ࣬ӦòԼԼ
ҪģȻǹҺǸŮˡ
ҡҡͷĥƬ̣һϵһˣũϵBǱ߿ŵĸˣǰһ仰˵ȥ
ŵˣκжʱϵҡ
ոսͨѶͼյ˰ž޴ӣƺʲôڷſڿ˷ɴԼĻһһȡһ¡
ġ
΢΢ӿȥ̫ܿŵʲôʲôСƿӡ
·һæ֣壬㲻ùǺܿͷˡ
˵źܿ죬ǣ·ǷȥǧСͿݡ
Ҫлµװֻ»֪Ҫæ೤ʱ䡣
·΢ĬƬ̣ڻ֮ǰǸʱ򣬾Ȼڵǹ᲻ᱻ۸᲻û룬ûõ㣬ûа취ƽ
ŷ֣˼֪ʱѾ÷ˮֱ࣬Ӹи߲Ŀⶼۼһ˵ϡ
ң˼׬Ǯֹһǽһζ
Ψһܵǵģֻǿ᲻ڡз硱
ֻǸɴൣĵԼθڹʳǰЩӪøʵڡ
뵽̲ס鴤һʱ֮侹Щͬ鹮ʰΪһŮˣνšĺӣȻô
Ҳ֪гһչôص۶ϵʱӦôķӦ
·ãôҪˣֻһλʮȰġεĸ׵ٳ֡
ǳһĨЦĸⱲΨһһϹϹϣ̾һ뵽Ǳߵ
㷢˿ݣһִյ·ߣǵˮöʰ·費Ҫ
ڹ۷֮ǰһɰͰ͵ĸ·ڣ壬Ѱĸ𣿡
ڶģ۾Ҳ͵͵ȥ·
·΢΢һ㶣˵ʵʲǷḻֽĲ٣ңҪȱǮӦҲܷǳĻؿ
ôҪӦòͨɫ΢΢һ㣬΢΢ƣҪʲôҿ
ǣǣǣǡ·һ죬Щ̫˼̧ܲܰһҪĶļ۸񣿡
æһ£Լõ㣡
·ʶѿڶж
ʲôжжüëһֻǵ˲ʶҪһƹ㡣 
·ţҲж
ȻûоôֱٴԱȽϱģƤҡ
лҪ˵»һֻӦþ

77

ʱһ֡ӿɽ̡˰·һ, ҲǱһ⡣
͹һĥ˰죬ǾֻǡԼˮ, Ǹˣ̫ա
һֻ̧ۣױ¶ǵġݡ
ڶ, ҲҪһ㣬ˮ֮ǰҵǸҡʵޡ, һǽ۸̧̫ߣˡʱֱ, ǺΣ
ĿΣܱǡ˵ģ
, ǰڵƹ㲻£ǣͬʱ, Эļ۵Ҳ, ȶȱó
ƹҲҪ
˱Ҫ࣡
ȭͷõ, ԴǣֱסʯռĿ꣡
·ѵıֲźЦ, 춯, ȥյϢ
ȥĵһ, Ȼǵӱģһ£, ӱոո˵Ļ
뿪ʱ仹й֡㿪˿һ۸ߴ˰ٰʮõġ˵ܷǳ·𣬱¹ʲôʱʲôˣֻҪҩܽ
Ҫ˵ֻǹϲ˵ģһԼ֮ǰǸ״̬·Щ㶡
ѵֻʱȷ֮ٷ㡣
·ŵǹһĹԣϢֱӵָһ㡣
ж˶١
ָ΢΢Щɬĵ˳һһ˹͵ӱֱ𷢹ӡ
Ĭһֿϵÿһĸʮ侲ȷνľȻֱӼӡˮƽģ˾ģǹӡ
˵ʵƺһ㶼⡣ϾôôͻȻơӡйص¶
ӡôÿƣҲڼǧôоԱĥôҲ޽չ
ɣ֡˽ܡҪʵڲ̫öҪʧ̬һԼúúõ侲һ¡
ˡſһһ̽ͷȥˣ
ܶණܺ棬һ˽⣬Ͼõ֮ĺãҪɶͿɶ
Ƴһ۹ȥһһ㡣
ȥһۣҵġ
֣ľ׮
·΢΢˶٣ҵġ
һۣûЦ
·
͵ӱҲǺѣҲʦͽʱ򣬵ӱЯѵֲԸ䵭Ť͸˸š
ʱ򡭡ţ˵ӱûһ˸ҽС
һЦֱЦ͹·Ŷ˿ݣ첻ѵƿӣһȻûķӦˡ
һȴǴһ壬զҲ裿
һ͵͵һ۰·ɫ֡û뵽ԭֻЩŮӵá˰գԭȻҲס
ǣ˵ʵ٣òϺͰ·ȼ硣
ҪȻҲڮٰ·ʱ˵·õµĵλ
壬ĲҪ
衭
·һôһ˲䣬Ҫôֱҵӱʵսpkһѡ
ӱһʱ䣬Լڹ͹һǰûаˡ
衣ﶼֵҧгˡ
°΢΢̧ţһԵõģҪҪҲӦ˵ⲻǰװ׻ݿݷã
ķϣôҲø۰
·
һСԱ߽ͣҽģŶ衯ڿɻˣ壬㻹Ҫ
·
ҿ٣㣬״̬ʺæ˹һԭųڵġӡԴáԣʺ㡣
·ȴôһ˲Ļ㱣ǧռо򣬶һӵ룬Ŀ
ڹǰᾹȻΪΪĿĶֵġ
ս׸ıĶȻҪһö衱ġ
һ̣³侲·Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôȽϺá
ǱߵĹȴѾĥĶ
һõĶȻҪ֮Ĺʲźƹ㡣
оȻ˿·΢΢˶٣ͳһöϴ赤һöһһöȻҪ棬Ȼһ㡣
⼸죬Ѿʵõܴңׯ԰¯ĸҩãϴ赤ⵤҩԼˡ
ȻҪƹ㣬Ҫ飬Ҫ϶Ҫһһ㡣
˵
̫᲻ҪãΪԾӦ˵ĵڶ
ļۣ888õ㡣
ֵ٣öõġ

ʵ
ѹ
ҪԽSȼ
Ҫ
㣬80%ʣAԽȼΪS
ļۣ8888õ㡣
δֹһ㣡
ϴ赤
һ仰ıδ
ǿиı츳ȼıδ
ӡΪ谭80%Ϸӡ
κθá
ļۣޡ
д֮󣬹ϸϸ۲һ£Щ̲סҪ̾һ̫вˡ
һ꣺
Ȼ£Ӧǹͷŷ˿֪Щû⣬Ҳʵʵãû˿١
ֻôŵʱЩٵĹ֣͸ĳЩСվЩһСһģһ
̲ס鴤һ£ãҪˡ
ؼȻĿ϶ǡ
ҲôһˣڲõĽҪź׵ºְ֡
ͻȻʶһ⡣
ıʣܾǡ㡣
ǹ淢·еʱǽֱԼÿһ񾭣һһһֵĿÿһ֡
Ȼ˶оһϢ
͹һһҲĳЩֶΣҲΪˣŸ޷ȥɹдÿһ֡
ɣԽԽ֪һôϢĴڡ
һΣӦûְɣ
ǹϢйȥ֮󣬰·ȻҲڴ뿴⾿ôķ粨־硣


78

78
ɲܹһͰ·εľᷨ, Լϲ̵ľͽԤ֮ǰվϡ
Ҳˮġ
ֱϼܣ˼ٹͨ, ⱻֵ̫࣬ˮԶֻûзҲȫķʽ
߲˵վʳֱƽ̨ڹһ, 衱Ǹ̳ǵˮǱߣֻǹԼ 
Ȼ, ؼԭʵΪ˵ڵĲΣû˵ڵ鹣
, ʱԼôһ㣬Ȼ, ĿǰΪֹֻϵĶʽĴڣҲ׬õٵĴڡ
ʼǸǮôһ˲, Ҫʼˡ
ŪͷϵϺͶ, òΪڵһԱǼʱ, ҲҪڵõĺö, һЩαƷ, һЩϲ̨Ķѹȥˡ
, Ҫʼжˡȣҵ˺üҵƹ㶫׼һһԼҪĹԷȥҲûùһ, һ¡
Ҫõõĳɹ᲻ǰڵͶʡ
Щ棬ǰͶʣ⻹ǲʡĴڡ
²ĽУһںõ㣬ҪЧãƹƽ̨͹ںš
һʮʱġߡȻҪõʣʺϵķʽƹ㡣
һǸʳֱΪٺͶںŸһԲЧ
뵽Ҳûá衱ǸС硣
Ȼõˮƽʽʵۺ϶ǣӰȽϴ󣬿Խȥ
˵Ҳ衱ʵ˿ҲԸһĳ̶£һ㡰
ԣĥһ£ԼѾ༭õİԼ֮ǰ衱ӷ
㾺ģϴ赤νǡŶ衯棬Ըƹ͡Ŷ衯ʮ
ʮĵͷҲǱȽϿȽòҲڣִյĸոպá˵ҪĽǸΪ˿һ㸣 
ֿ֮ʼڹһɸѡЩ죬ƹ֮нѡ׼ĥ˭
·ֱŴ̲סһ㻡ȣҲǳǳЦˡ
ãǵҪʧˡ
ϾİˡʮһѾ
Ȼڹרעѡƹʱ򣬹һѾһһѾı鿴˹ǡܾˡ
ܾˣһɵĿȥõ㲻£
ϻ˻ܾõ㣿
صǣϾȻ˸Ҿܾ
Ӹ߼۸ߴȵ߲˱һտʼ衱Ӧʳֱͬˮһˣһݳеġֱӱʮλĸ߼ߡ
Ѿܾûгʧܵζ
ܾûܾˣ
Ӧ˵ӽ֮󣬹ûбܾһʼġ˵֮⡭
ü̧̧ﶼǲ⣬ƾʲôܾ
Ķôãô⣬۲ĸ߼ۣԷʲô⣿
һ
һԽǡһѾݡ
°ܻԼ˺Ĩˡ
ɲǼǧǰǼʺɫشȵȣġ罻˺ţһһ˺ţǾɾţؽġ
ˮҲٵþˣҪһõƹţĲһ򵥵¶
Ҳˣˮ۸ߵզ࣬ƹŽӹЩҲԽġ
һѡƹŵʱȻѡȽϺãЧȽϺõ֡ƹţȻȻԹƷʾһҪ
֡١ù̵֣ĶȻȻǱ˾ܾˡ
θ֣ʲô
һҲЩҲһѾ޿κΣ޻˵
һɣֹľԼʵҲǲЩ˵뷨ϾҪǻԼӦҲûа취š
ʱ򣬹ĹҲһˡͷȥƼͷ
һ˵ԼôõĶô˲Ը
ңļ벢ͣؼǶԷʮҪĶ֡ΪԼҪ佱һԼ
ɵȵԼϢʱ򣬶ʱͷˡ
⼸ԭЩջ𣬱ϾòĵĶ衱ˣȻӦ¹ؽҪ
ǿģǡܣȫܣ
ܾԼ⼸Ƥ״̬ûмõķչˡ
ȻͻȻһ˽ţԷѰˣȻûװġ衱
ԷǸİˣ桮衯²Ƿˣǡ衯ٻĸͿ﷭ģС˵˰ɣ˵ϴ赤
Ѿٱżʦɣ
һͨ˻ʹ죬ֱӶһȺˣѾƭ һСġ
˵꣬òֱܹӶ罻ϡ
ʲôĵ޲Ʒ͸ֱҵġ衯ǡ衯ɲҪʲôӪϣ֪ע⾯衣
λֱ֮ӽ˵ĶԻȥͷǸ˺ţӣ飬ļ۶ûˡ
ӱˮͬʱȺ￴ģҪȥʱѾˡ
˿ȺԼ罻˺Ǹͷͬ顣
Ǹ˺ȻȻɡǸʵʵûģңλ֪ҩʦҲѾ̳ϵͳȥֱ¡
Ҳ֪֪֮󣬻᲻ίᶼʵǱյġŶ衱ʮͬĵ⳥һɡ
ϾѾôˣһʧȥʮö衱˵׵׵ĳλҩʦҲ֪պϡ衱
ǵӱˮƶû뵽һǣĶֻǵһΨһһ
ţӪ˺ţ׷׸ӣ̼ңǿɽճֵ衯ġǮǲա
ȶȿһ㶼ͣʲôŶ衱ֱ׷
ʱһȥǡ衱ЧѾʵˡ
ǵʲôˣǣСǡһ׷⡰衱ּ۸ֱӱһЩ˳һ׷
ȶȣλεĺȶȣЩӪô
ϢͨһģֻҪյϢӪżࡣϾʱٽ棬ʾڸˣǾǺӪ
ȵһʱѶѾǰ20ЦһƬǸָĵ٩ͳȤ
һСȥ㣬 ۡǲǲˣ
ϾҲ˰ɣ
лҪ˵ж
϶Уȥܶˣ

79


ʷǿ, ʲô޲ƷȻֱҪš衯λؼǻô, ˼ҵļǿ档
δһˡ̫᲻ҪãΪĵڶԲУѧҽԺôס
ԽSȼ, 80%AֱӳΪS, ңСѧǲǶûбҵ
Բ, Բ, ûס80%ϵķӣ, TM֪֪Լ˵ʲô

ȫˢ۵İ, ֱּǴڶͯĴڣһڸ, ǸЦ, һĵЦ
Ϊʲô˵, ǶͯĴڣΪ붼ô, ζô
ֱӿԽSʵĶSʵ߻ôϡ·Ǹ˵, ҿ2000ֻ꣬Ҫ8888õ㡣
ӻĵ
ı츳ȼ˵ʵҩҲһ̶ϿΪʲôҩƵôϸ۸߰ͨηԭ
ǣ ҩиõģؼǣҩһܻ١ٶȡ
Ҫһ㣬κ˶֪һ㣬ӡˮƽ棡
޲ƷӪ˿ֱ֪˿ЦЦµĳ̶ȡ
ǳЦ
ԼǰĹԣޱ顭
һɪɪ
ֱܾǡǰ
 ˽һСȰ
Ա߰·ѹǵȶӴ˲٣ڸסЦ⣬ҲǼڻͷϵĹǣò˵ϹһĻǰ·֮ǰ뵽ġֻǣû뵽ȻϷ绯̶ֳȡ
ϵֳڮ٣ü֮ЦȴǸŨ
Ȼ˹һĻЦһ
һøӿˣҲû뵽Ȼµ
磬˵ģһ㣬ѵŶ衱һջû𣿻硭ôôϲ¶罻ƽ̨ء
ϴαôݣôһ㶼ԡ
һ̲סеͬˣʵѾ֣ʵǸͦС۵ˡ
ò˴󷽵ĸԷһ㸣Էܾˣ˾ˡֱӹҵ罻ȥˡ
㣬ҲҪ
ƳһۣǺЦһ
һֱӣֱӲ˰·ȥǴԸȥģ
һûϢĹһΪʲôҪҲһǮõ㣬ͽƹôһһʲôģ
ˣһ󾪣ѾͿˡ
һڰ·ı˴ͼð·һգ·ûȥǲǻյģǵͲġ
ڹһǰһ滹ҪҪˣ
ɣȻҪͲֻҪǰѾܵһͲˣһųڰ·Ĺһʮֲĺ˰·һۡ
һ֮ǰȻû̫£㹻ԴӰ·֮󣬹һʱͱ˸̡ʲôʱվ˰·ˣ
·
һû뵽㾹ȻҸɫˡ
ǶǺպġڰ·ǰЦң㾹ȻҸ·ɫˡ
ʶˣһӣھϼܣҼӼģ
䣬ʲôʱܹίҪȺ˿
˵꣬˹һһСĥһֱͷʾԼףʼϣȫϡ
Ȼ··ָָԣҲס
ĽƷֱӶֱϣֱһʮҪƽ̨һٷƽٷ֮ѣֻҪΥģʲô
ֻǣƽ̨Ȼ Ҫͷʮֲס
ǺöԿҵʺϵļ۸ҡ
Ϊ˲ûԼĺöȻҲģֱѡ24Сʱʱ䡣ȻȷǣǾûʧȥǵģ
һУһӶ԰·˵ѵ˺Ÿңת˸ֱȸҼӼ۵һڣ
һĿڣ㣬ԼǮܶǮ
ؼô꣬Ҫ˵ǮȽõĶ ûκܸؼұȡ
õĻףǽɴȵȣһǳǰؼҵ֣Ҫ˵ʲôߣǳ˾žû˭Һһˡ
һּϴѹ
˶٣۾ɴ˿Ű·Ŀǲ˼飬 õ㣬㻹ǷǮ
һܵİʳ
һ۾ɵˣǷǮ
֣ܸ·һ
·ɤ΢΢ɳƣδңѻ١Ƿ
ﶼЦ⣬ڡ
ԼԭĥѾû˵õ㣬Ȼһϣʱǰ׼Ǯһֵĵ˵ͷ
һԱ߿ֿ·ˣǲˡ
ʱ ·Ҳϵˣĸ֣
漴һ۰·Ц⣬ϵԼڵ۶ϵĳô׺ѡ
Ļͼ˹ȥ
˭㣿ǰ·һ
·Цһ䳡
ְ֡װ֡үôͻȻôεϵңʵܳһ㣡ͷĸֶʱ͹
ôָʹΪмһ˵̬ȣﻹеڶ
ƽ䳡ģ˰·Ҳûеڶˡ
̲ס棬û뵽·ʧٵʱ򣬶ôؼʱϵԼ
Ȼ⻰˵еûϢǣ֪֮ԺˣУǡϢĲմߡ
츳ԽϲûʲôϽģôĳɾʹžȽϺã˰·Ĵȣ˾ĸ߼Ҵүڵ۶ճǺߡ
ɣ·ʧٵ£ǿǡܾ»ġ밡
·ֻǷ˸ǡֹȥ͵жϵ
һ˱ŹԾôо˴죬ȻֻǸС죬ԼλСǣ̫̫Ȧʮȶȡ
켣ŮȦĶԴȻһ㶼֪ǡŶ衱ʱˢ˴ڸС
췢Ϣǻ֪ 罻һ۾ͿβϹϢһȥǡˡİֱһ䡰ɵX
˵ҲͰˣȻţXһ㣬ǣ˵Ҳδز֣ܲǺʲô
˵ǿֱӽAƵS𣬻Ҫڷֱٷ֮ʮ
TM˵ֱӸɰ·
˭Ҫȥ ֱǸ޴ġɵX
·
Բۡ
·˵ⶫ
ʶĳһ۸ոսĶԻûɣ
УڣһǱߵ˻ǲǰ·ü
šˣɵX
лҪ˵һԼĪʮһɡҾһ㡣Ӵ
лСǵӪҺ͵װ
̫ڿء

80

79
ڸ, Ͱ·֮ѡһɵXô, ǾԳˣûбˣ
٣˭TMǸɵX ҲԲǰ·
, Ʒֶ˶, ԣǵɵX, ЩģǼٵأ
ĥһ, Ҳûף˵ʵ·СͲڳĹԹԱ, , Ҳǲ˻·֡
Ҳ֪·ȥȫ׵ĶҪ˭, ǡⶫнЧ
Ҫͺ߱, ƺҲֻǰ߿пһˡ
㽫ԼͷƤߣͺ, Լ, ʵʵĥЩԶ˼άĶʵʵǮˡ
ֱӴոֱӽֱӶҵһõ㡣Ͼǰ·ĵ, ̫Сõ̫٣û˰·
ǡϢʵЩȻûУǣõ㰡
˭֪ȥͼõһλߡһ㶣TMԩͷ
û̫ģɴֱӷһȥȻŤͷȥ¶ǰˡ
Ͼʱ24СʱֻҪһɱ߼ۣȻġǱȽϺ棬Ķô·ע⡣
ϾⶫôǡޡV̡
ҪʲôˮƽôҲӦûЩ죬Ӫƹɣ
ҪġԴҡøһ𵯷ЩЧôأ
һĳˡ
Ҫţ˰ˡ
뵽̲סһԡ£˰˾Ȼ
ĥ·ʲô˼Щʲô·ʲô·ûĥȻȴѾĥͷˡ
һֱǰţֲ
ٲ˰һԾ׼
ϴ赤Ǽ٣ָߵ
Ǯ֮뽻˰
淭תֲ类

ǡ衱ȶôߣҲѾȫǰţôû˹עأԣոշֱϵʱͱ˽ͼ罻Ͽʼۡ
һƹ㣬һõɻаٷ֮أ
ϾѶû׵ȶȣԼһƣҲ
չͣģҾĬĬݡ
˵ɵأֶȻҲ

ڵһӼ֮ͻȻһǶ۸ַ˱ÿڡһӦǣǮ
ڹѾ͵øǧõ㣬Էʵһ㶼õˡһ룬˿Ӽ۵澹ȻǶһˣ˵ָ죬֡
˽ֵ˻㿪һ۾ôŶԷ֪Ǹ֡
Ҫ˵ִڣƽǰͦġÿŲϣСϢϣԼҲЩ־ִڡ罻ϻԾϡ
ؼǣǴýС̫ӣý壬ֹ˾ðүţΪ˼Ҿǹλүӵӡ
Ȼһ쵽ֻǳԺ֣ƷϵǲżҲǹϲְּϢңҲǽӴģСү
ȼߣȻԼԼǡԵȴǰŰĵ㡣
ͻȻֱ֣Ǹ˶Ϊ˰Ķ̫׽ˡ
Բۣʲô˼ЩģѾоĶˣ
ӡʱҪȥˣ
ţ޲ƷĪǸڳģ

Χ¼죬ȴʼյòһۣҲ֪Щ棬Ǽ٣ûİ֮еá
ŽҲ׽һµȶҲڲϵ
Ҳڼ䣬νġҩֱμ۸񣬶ÿһμӼۣһõ㡣
˶ЩɵˣɾʮˣôȥѶҪλˡ
ѾʼۣΪ˼һǵõ𣿡
⻰˵ûûʲôëϾֱʹȶȣõ㡣
Ȼµ˵ĻҲϳһȶȣһЩ飬ȶɢʱ׬һȶ֮󣬾Ŀˡ
ɾʱƷһһΰһεĽһҲ⣬ڵƷϷһ8õһö
⼴㹻Ǿ°ͣɣҪһǡ۵ǡӱ
ӱ
ԣûǣĿǸӱ
ǸּӼʱɧֵӱʱôһ˲˶ôһ˲ļž
Ǽž
罻ǾһͻȻӿĻ⣬ԣ
ӱءҩ衯ӡĽΪȥ
ӱߵĳüͷ㲻ӦԼġ
ӱϵĹעʵ̫ˣκһһжйע
飬ע⣬Ķֱǹڸӱ¡
ؼǣֲ˶ֻΪǸЦֶ˸ˣʵһš
ǣһӱֱ³ģǣĶںͶһˡٶ˵Ĳɺĥ
ӱ˳ǣ˵ΪʲôͻȻ
ֶ˶٣죬ȴû˵һ֡
лͰԱ̲סֱģΪǮΪ˭֪
֣⻰ǡҲûë
ӱȱǮ𣿻õ𣿡
֣˵ġϴ赤ǲģֻƾš˵һļֵλ;Բȱõ㡣
ӱֵ˵ģ˵͡ϴ赤𣿡
֣
Էܹôǿġ˵ңۡ衱ġϴ赤ͳѰ˼άġġ
ģģǺ£ɣֻһƬƬ亹̲ס
룬ǣӦǿܵġ
Ǽпܵġ
ڴ֮ǰĳۣ˹עơӱ˶٣ߣƣ뵽ģ
Ĵߣܰһ£¸ԵӦòǻ¡
˵ֵĳˮﱻ˸ڣǣӱĶȻ־Ǳһըƽĺ׷һ顭
úСϺ׵ķ
ӣ˶ʼоһ⣬ϴ赤Ƿģ
ǡǾεıʣ
⣬һʱ֮˶ÿ˵ĹԶڵε죬ÿһ壬Χ˽顣
Է籩ʱһȱ˸֡
лҪ˵Ӧдġīڡ
ʲôôдģǰ

81

81
ԼĥЩ衱ǲЧ , ҪҪҲԼһʱͨѶͻȻô춯
΢ôһʱ, ͨѶͬʱӿͨѶ
֣
ûʲôֵ̫°ɣ
Ҳûгȥˣûĸˣ
һ룬ƼԼͨѶ׵, ʱһ飬Ͻȥ, ֡
үһʲô
֣
ּԥû, û, Ҳǡ
˵⻰̫ˣ
ʲôˣСʱ򾭳ֿ
үһ仰Ϳֱӽ¶ȫ׳СƵ壬ֵôܻУ
һԴǣȻ, ˼Һ˵, һϣѺá
죡үûô˼ô, ֱŭ, Һ, ûôġ
ֲӶ·, һӵĿүӡȻ˵˶֪, ܳ裬ǴҲ֪ ͷҲˣʰʱҲˣؼǣǰͷѾ˵ĸ硭
ͨѶͷһɨֻˡ
ǣĥ˺ûʵûĥʲôܹ׼¶ؼ˵ע
ѹ΢СҪȻʾһ£
߼ϴ󣬸ߺЦһ˲ٵ£Ȼؼңһһұһ¡
ˣ˶ˡ
Ϊ˶űⰤڵ۶ϵġ
ֱᣬûоԼʲôر£ںһЩС죬ƣȺȾƣ裬ԳԷǲǳӦҲڡ
ֿʼʾ֭룬ǲĳСǣʲôر۶ӣ˹
ɣ־ò̫ܣɵӣҲ˺Ƶġ
΢һ£ҪȻԼȥ罻Ͽ
˵⻰ʱ޳ˣֱίˣĲ֪ɶ°
ǶʲôүŭֱǸɶɶʣɶɶСһЩ۶ӣ¶ץű߼ʡ
ûص۶ǻʲôģζôãҪڡ
˼άƫôƬֶ̣˶٣СӱĲУǣԺ֡а
үǾ仰ʶĵɶˣ
ʲôүӵעˣ
үŭ㻹TMװɵ
ʲô˵ϴ赤ûʲôүҲջúܡ
ʼţӦ˵£Ϣѹûдǰ
ﺢӴ˵㣬õҲĲȱ˵˰ⶫҲǾûºҲǳ ҪĹһԼ
ǣĵĶӱˣ
ô׽͸ģɣ˵޷Ķ
Ⱥ˵ȥӱǱʣҲ֪ӱǱʲʲôʹʣʹ߼Һ۸
˺һŷӦ׵˵ʲôʲô
ɶ˭ĵģߺü
Ȼ棬ǣҲżߣͨˮƽߣֱֶӿڣûˡԭ򣬸־ǮⶫĿҲǺܴ
ѿڶͲ˵漴ַ˻ȥ
Ȼһɪɪ˼Ŀڣ⣬ⶫʲô𣿡
һͣ٣ͷ˷ˣʱɫ
֣ 
Բ·Ķλʵַ̫ͣӶԲ·ˡ
ǣͲˣôѣʲôã·ż ףٴ򣬿ɴϣ·Բ˵ǲףҧҧҾǺ棬򡣡
ҿĺе㲻ᡣߺЦ
ĿǣǲҲҪո֣磬Ƕʲô𣿡
ͷͬʱ˻ֻ֪˵ھĵ֮⻹֪ǾͲ׵ĸˡ
ɴѾã24Сʱ֮ڣξĽ֮ǰûпˣǡүЦһ뿪
˶ɪɪһֱ߰ߵжһĿԼ׸硣
ƽƳһۣ󷢴ȱӱĵǸ
ӱֲɵӣλͬʱĵӱѵеڶӱ
ʶľѿڶȥⶫģ
ߺͺ͸ƽ˶һۣͬʱŤͷ˸֣ɫġ
ʿˮĿİңǡǡֻǣһԣϾҲ˶õǲǣ
׵Ѿ⣬۶
ǱͨѸٹҶϣߵĸֱӾһſ˶ˡ
ûչԣϷɴǰһ룬ûһμӼۣ£Ѿʮˡ
˵ˣһμӼ۸μӼۡ
һ£°ôһ˵һġ
ȻѾ·һιȻҲں˵ٱһˡ
ĶûзӦ֪Ӧ ȵҪʱѾѾ۸ֱӷ16ڵĸ߼ۡ


ϵϸ֣ȴҲԼĲ²뷨
߼ǱߺûʲôϢǸⷽҲҲʲô
Ҫ˵֡Ժ֡ϵͦģ׼
໥һۣҲôĥŵġ
ǣӱǱߡ
ӱѾ˰ɣΪʲô׼ͷΪĸգӱԼľô뿪ûź ǣиӡ
ЩôΪӣӱϴõһԣҲǲܡ룬ӱĲЩ궯üжԡ
ȻѾƣǣǱʾԼһ°
ҵĿѧһ𣿡
˵ǿܲţҲġ
ԣ û˳һ⵽ļٵģ
ʱ罻Ѿըˣ˶Ϊ·ڵ˼¡
ͬʱһ֪˺ڸֵĻֽһηļӼۣһΣÿһֵҩļ۸ֱӰ32ڵĸ߼ۡ
˵̧ۣҪȻֲݣ˵һţȴǻûһ
أأأ
˽ʲô˼ⶫȻģ
ҵȱҥ
ӱһļۣѾʸı䣬йٷŶûκνͣʱѾ뵽ֱĵҳط 
ʱһ±ƣù̱ɵ۵¶ˡ
һӱˣһμӼһƷļ۸Ѿﵽ64õ㡣
˷ڵģǵڶ¡
ؼ˲˵۵128õ㣬۵1280õ㣬ϴ赤װε12800õ㡣
һʱ֮䣬Ǹ壬ţѣһȫը˹
лҪ˵״̬ѣȥдһQAQһȽ

82

82
˵, ĵĶΪЦӱⶫΪˡһôؼҵ, ͸ ݼֵױʡ
˿˵ֺ, ӱѾΪ˺ӷˣôؼأ
ؼһ·, ô궼͵Ĵڡ κ˶޷Եġ
ͬʱ, ؼҵľߣһ̶˵, ҲǴһЩɫʵġ
ǵһٶ ׽ֿơĵĶ׷˵Ҳ˿ʼоЩġʵԡ
ģǼٵ, ޻̸֮
ôؼأ
һ˲, 罻ƽֱ̨վѾ˲ˡ
ҵҪһ侲һ㡣
˭ܸҽһ, ʲô˼
һ㲻̫ܿ, ˿Խһ𣿡
ܽһ, ž, Բۡ

˶ԣ𾪣һ䡰ԲۡԱأ
Ϊؼҵһ, ʣƵһ˶ĳ̶ȡ붼֡
ʱ±ƣŴʱ罻ÿһȦϢݺݵĴ˸£
Ѿױˢ磬ô롣
Īͬ㡣
ȻһģҾãʮŶ衯Ӧˡ
ֹĪͬ飬һʮĪϲУۣСҲ̫ˡαһδûôֱӣôô֮

лֱġ
֡ҩ衱ʱһĴɣ̫ȫʵɣӱͰؼҵ룬ѾԿ϶ⶫ²ôţҲһʵˡ
뵽һ㣬̲סһߵ硣
ҲáҲȷʵ̫һ㡣
ʵǵ˵ⱾҲΪάŶ衱ϾԷİЩܺʹڣκһǾԲܴڵģǾȡ衱λޡ˰
ɾǵһΣɡ Ŷ衱 һƫƫôɵģЩνĲܣѾ˿ܡ
Աߵҿˡ
ƫƫ绹ʣҺûпǵӱ˽ĵ𣿡
 ˣˣѾˣͣǰһ̣ڰؼҶѾˣ
˶ǻл㱵ģȻͬţǣҲֲĵİˣ
TMD״ʲôɻ᣿
˳׵׵һ޿̱αϣоѾʧȥ塭
ԱСոյһǵӱũϵƽ̨ģ͵ʿſڵŵġ
һ鴤û취֣ؼңӱѾʶΪ
ǣ绹ó״񣬴Ҵߵſڡƽ̨õӱ֣ζţӦõȷλŮսӱ΢΢˶١
ӹ˰ûв𿪣Աߵʿһ׼ľ񣬡Ŷ衯ʮա
һȥƫƫ˷ţһʽ
Ƕ֮ǰΪס׵Ļ˫˽ʾԭǣʮȷǩ֡
űʵֶǲŵģ
Ҳ֪Ӧʲô¡
оԼֱݺݵһĪ־ôһ˿˿ĿοϾ軹һ㡭
ǰһɫʿ¶һ˿ȿ޶ѿЦݣΡΡĽǩϣлл
ʿ뿪֮ߵϽ
ھ޶޲һξ˸˵ϣഺפ϶ỳɣģǲ֪ԷԸԸٸһλᡭ

Ǻڣͨ𾪣ԣ棬
߲㲿ȴһֿˣÿҶĥ£ֱӱŵ˰ΧǵӱǾˣؼȻǣɰ·ǣͰؼģҲǾǱߡ
Ҫ˵Լʲô֪˭Ű
ү̵ģңTMҪ֪һ 
㲻ô˵ϾǾ˶ȥˡƽүԱ߿ֲ´
үɫһƬڣɶ֪
տϢʱ˭ҪһSBǣôɵXĶôһӵӡ
ҪǸйϵҲ֪͵͵ģҲ֪Լģ
Ҳһ֮үҲԱߴŵ
pҸֲҲˣأΪɶүӴŭָŸүӾ
үƤѾһĺ񣬡㿴˵ģҼҸǾǸʺɶ¶ͣ
֣
ˣ
ԼҶӶɸʺүӿŸ֣Ƥڳ鴤һӲҪĻ첻ߣ˵ʲô
߹ⶼ˼ңզ죿
תһ룬ѲɻҪŸ˵ʲôҪ¡ǻˡ
˵߷ڸ߼ϣĬĬתߣ˾ǱߣôŸүӡ
֣Ȼеˣǣܸоʲô¶
үӱˣҲûá
ǣĲ֪
ӱܵǲǿЦҪ֪ľ֪ǣTM˼һһ˽¶
Уؼɶ¶ܸ棿
ҪôףҲڸﱻһȺΧˡ
УǲʣʡүһתֱǸˡ
պáʵҲǲ档
ɿֱӲͨͨѶͷĵӱȻҲϵ·ɶûУ·Ǿڵһϡ
ɵӱԽɣүӻûɶɿһӱͰû 
˷׷ŭĿһۡ
үӽͨѶֱӵ˳ȥ˭ԸԼʡ
ӱɫ糣С
үӣ⻰Ҫôӣ
أ֪ʼնĥоⷽ£ѾһЩüĿˣڷн0ӵ߹ʳ൱ڿݻȡүͼһ⡣
šӱӦһ
˶ˣԱߵƽүԸǼֱ꣬Ӵȥӱ˵˼ҩ
ûаү궯ʱ򣬵ӱֻǿ˼ۣһĵؼҲǿ۱Ҹ𣿡
ӣǸүԼеסˣ㡭ʲôϢʲô 뷨ⶫЧ
ͷĵӱǸӲˣģ
ˣ
ӱûӦǻȻ򣬡Ҳ֪ҺлͰڡԵѾνˣǣͰŵö䣿ҲģҲںˣֻҪһԵģҶԸһԡ 
ˣ
һҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôȽϺʣ⻰ƺҲȷûʲôë
ͺʼĥĶһģǣ˵˭Ű
ƫƫͣĻ֮˻ǲòЦŵͰС˵Ļ϶ԽԽ࣬Ҳᱻ˷
ڵӱһĮȻƽ֮ڨڨĹҶͨѶ
үӿˣȴļ
үĵmmp޴ͷţһͨѶֱӴ˰ؼң·ЩѾǰؼҵҪµˣ
·ʧ٣ؼǱߣҪϵˣֳ˰صүү
үһĬ侲õ࣬һ
ûνõࡣ𣿡
лҪ˵QAQᱳۣûס˯ˣǲ
տۣҶΪ̫ţһ¡
ȣֵ۸
Ǽʱ࣬˸࣬ǲյĲƸԭͲɹ
ֵҩǿ͵İ
ǳ׸ı˽İ
оֵߵߵģ
ڶ·ҲΪ˸õŮ
ؼҲȿǡ֮ⷽ棬Բԣһ¾ͻһЩ
Ǯ~~׬~

83


ɲõ
һӽ˵ļ۸
Ѿ˶˵ޣ
Ա͵͵ֹ, ǲ˵ģĵﵹһ, ðظûĿ̫񣬰ؼҳˣӦþû˶׷ˡ
̲ס, һΣ¹ǶǼ, ǳһѷͷͰµ, İԺͬ, ˭
үҲʹĺܣǣ⻰˵, ˵, ŵ
TMõ㣬զϰŪûʲôõ㣿
õ, ԸĶĶ, ܵ𣿡ǿǵ뷨, үֱ
˶mmp, ȴ˵  
үſԷһǿɡ
ˣ
ƽү̲ס, ϰأ·զˣ
ң˭Ұ˽Ϊʲôû˵û˸һүһЦһ˹
˶ʱ˸үӡ
⻰ȷʵûë˼Ұ·ȷʵǸʱʧ٣ʧٵѾ£һֱҲˡ
ҪҲżЩ˲ǣ
ϾֻҪ·̨Ϳϴ򿪣ǶԷȻҲһĿȻˣҲôֱÿˮԣǷ˸ҪĶûа취Ȩ
øү£˭
үһmmpҪǰ˵⻰̲סһ񣬰·û¶ͷԼ֪ܲ
˵漼۶࣬Ȼû
үƳôЦһ
үӣcao
үȻ㶼飬·ȻѾȷû£ǣ˭֤
˭ܰ˴
Ȼܣǰ·ʧˡ˵ε£Ҫ˵ԼζûУôŵġ
ɨһˣ𣿡
үӣġǱҲЩˣ׷ŵĲһ£¹ϵ
үӣȥİ
ĻȥԲԲ֪Ҹʲô
˱ҭס
⻰źҲȷʵûʲôëϵͳǱ໥һۣҲЩЩô˵ȷǲ٣Ҫ˵Ҳ㲻̫ࡣ
˵ЩõЩΪˡ
˵Щİ˵ô棬õоʲôǿĺ׬ˡ
ʣǡҪˣ
үЦǺǵĿһֱۣǼ۸ߵã
ţTM˭ұȣ
˼õģǼȴ˾Լģôô֡
˵ҽƵģզ˼Ҹߡеȣ
ⲻ
ƽүӵǶ̫ȤǰԣǺ棬ϾҲû̫׷ʵֻҪ׬ǮУҪ츳̫ãʵ̫ǿ
Ҳûǵӱֵżþ֣Ǻ棬ϰأǶģ
Ҷ˵ˣҲŰүЦЦ𣿡
ˣܾðͷ棬ûе֤ݡ
ŰͷҶͨѶһץܣ޲ֱö֡
һֳŸүӡ
үѾ˲²⣬ȴѾӦһȺˣ־Ҫܣ
ǰţ
ҿɸǣԼѾʹˣǾûйϵ
˵꣬һקҰܡ
ҲһȻ󣬵ǣʵȴǱļҪǿ٣׷׷ϡ
Ұ͹ͷܾԼǸ·йϵ
ǱߣҪק׵ܣүȴܣֱӽʣµˡ
Ҳһ첻ߣΪɶģΪȶȸߣϡ
үҰһ֮ȥҰͷ͵͵֣˵
ʲô֪үӰŪͷϵĶޱ顣
үӣԲۡ
㲻֪㻨ôõ򣿡ڸո˿˼ۣڰؼ֮ǰļ۸΢һ㣬ؼҵͷһ
Ҫʲôֱ֪ӽ۸񷭵ȼˮƽƣ
ѹ·ǲ֪ʲôǲ֪ģ
ҪȻҪû£Ϊɶⶫô̬ȣ
үӼ·ģô֪
ʲôϵ㻹ңô߼ĵģʲô֪үһ
үЦһҺʲôˣ·أ 
·׵ǲմְؼҵĲҵҪȥ˳У·ʱԸƴѧģԸٲ־¡
ɽôԤ··
µʱ䣬·ʼûϢؼɳٶϢûѶ֪Լµʱôġ
Ҫ˵ԾûκεԹǾԲܵġ
õ㣿ֻӲ࣬޲øĸࡣΪǱߵǾ˰·ˣ
飬Ǽ򵥵һõֲģ
ԷֻҪҪⷽ棬ؼԸеĸ
οЩļֵֺֹôһ㣿
ͷǳ鴤һ£һӾЦ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴ˵ϾҪǰ·һؼҡͶϺˡ
ɣ¡Ҳͣ͸Ҿ׼Ƕ滹Ǽ٣
ûõ֣ô֪үӲͷĶеĹߣոģҸ㣬һûж֣Ͻ뿪
㲻֪㿪ôߵļ۸񣿡үӹŲʡ
ؼҶ¿Բģȴǲܡ
Ϊǵ֡ҩģҲ˵Խ˾Ȼ
͡Զĥ˵ƫƫ˶֪ڱԵǷܹһǶܲ
ۿ΢죬ЩˣΪİΣ
Ϊ˵ƽȶǸ̫࣬Ȼһģζģ
Ųӣ۾΢΢ųҲģҲΪ˱ģҾ֪ûϣֵôˣΪΣΪȶΪǵ棬󣬾Ƕϰأľûһ㶯𣿡
үӵ΢΢˶٣һŵûϢŰɡ
үۿǵʱûˣһ˫۶ŷľϲ˵ģ
үûĵһۣ
үòУ㿪˰үӶĶһ˫۾һ䣬
ֻ֪ⶫġүӴ뵽Լӣ󵽵ǿˣһ䣬㲻硭 עġ 
үּˣ˵˵һ룬Ҫ˭
ŰүӶҵϴһүӲʲԸ߳˰ؼҡ
£͵͵ӰؼҽĸүӶʱֽӵͨѶ绰ӰûƼбԼʣ
ԣԭЩ˶ʱЪǸ˼
Ҫ˵СҲûǸˣҪԼȥôһͷĳȷʵеû
ϾǿɲǸ߼Ļ첻ߣͷĹ⣬ûƤû
¶ɣҪǴˣҲͲˣǸɸɴĥƫƫ岻׵ģܾ
һߵĹϲЦտõ㣡ȫõ㣡
лҪ˵һ

84

84
Ȼ˵ǰô׼, ǳôѴѵõģ, Ҳû뵽Ȼֳô£û뵽Ǽ˳, Ϳֱӽ۸θߵ̶ȡ
Щõ֮鳹׳֮ǰ׬õˡ
ϲ̵Ͷϲ£ˡ
ȻһĶŹһͰ·, ڳϣһЩ۹ˡ
һ
·һ㻡ȡ
һԱߵ, 㣬ǿߵǰˡ
û뵽, ·ȻΪĻֱӿôߵļ۸жһһ, Ǿ޸ߵĽ, һЩ顣
һҪǵжˣû, ҪԼˣ
Ѷǰٷ֮, Ѿ֪Ƕõˡ
һе, Ҳ֪ʱõ㵽׹ѡ

ŤͷŰ·, һ𾪣ҡôǮ
·ͷҡҡͷ
Ǽʱ, ʲô¶̫ˣΨһĵľõ㡣Ͼõ㣬ʯʵ
·ǸӣǰҲ 壬ֱӴߵĹһʲô˼
ؼľعܷ췽ԣؼӦǮˡһǳ˳˿ա
Ťͷ˰·࣬һ̸ⲻȱʲôҩ
Ȼ˵Щع൱ġǣҪˣǿսЩ
ԣҲζţ·һʵɰ
ãġ͡жõ㣿
û뵽ּһ˾Ȼ͸պǰ·û뵽·Ȼôõ㡣
·̬ȵתŪǺһ£
һֱӵһöҩȥ̵ֹȣѪ˳
·ոս˹ȥһ䣬õ㡣
ۣͯ۹
·
·˶Ӳôһ˲漴Žöҩȥûйԡ
ˡ
ҲǼǵúģҲ㣬Ҹˡ
Цеĵ˶ϲ˲٣ˣʲôࣿɡ
΢΢˶٣Щ᲻ãѣ
̫٣Ҫѧȡᣡ
һ
ôôԣ̬תú㲻Ӳģ
·ȴϵĵͷ
٣ҵǣҪӪţ·Ҳ볢޳ӵʳô𾪵ζЧ
ָ𣬱ʾȫû⣬ֱӾȥæµˣ˳ֻк˹һһ£׼ֱ
ȻôֱõõĲ̫࣬ǰɣСҲ⣬
ΪԼڼԼĺúӣԲΪõ٣ܲҪ
һڿĥĥ󣬿֮󣬲ЩżĺͰ·˵壬ҽ֣ôõ㣬ʱҪõ㰡
·ҡͷֵá
һһ㶣·̧̧°ָָͣ
һȥͳĹʱ˲ӣڲ
һ˷õ㣿
֣

ֵã
һᣬ֧֧ᣬõ㣿
ҪֱӽףЩмĽͶģٷ֮͵øֱˡ۾һͻȻϽ
Ȼ⻰һʱˣȻٷ֮忴࣬ɻ󰡡
ôõתİٷ֮ɾͲͨˣҪǹһոյǾ仰ԭӦõ㡣
ڣõ㣬ˡôһ㣬ǿˣֱѪ
ǣؼ˲ģô֪ǶõأһĹأ
һ£ٵȵȣϾĵûȵʱڿǰ˵ǲѪġ
ϾҲ֪ܹôһôע⣬ôע⣬ҪľΪؼҵĲ롣
ˣ͸һѣԺֱӡ¡ף
һ۹һԭոյġڲԡ ϳʲô
һ˫۶ʱһ⡣
Ǿ˺ˮ
ԼҲⲻȻ·Ҫ࣬ǣԼɲĲˡ
ˣζˬʵζƤQʱֱ࣬ٴ䲻
˿һ׼
һ΢΢˶٣ĵȶȶֱǱߣڿֻûʲôȶȰɣ
°ͣúе
һ۹һǾ
һ
ѧϰͦ찡Ż켣ֱȦʱ䣬Ȼֶ֪ˣ
·ԱŹĻͻȻһֲ̫õԤС
ȻһȥԤ棬ת齱ʮö衯
һ˵ʲô
·ǳ鴤һ£Ȼ
ֵĲǡҩ𣿡
һǾ񻹲
ǾѰǵ˻
ǾֵĻ֣
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ȴǺĸ¶Ǹˣ
һòĸ¶ƺͦ˵ġ
񲻹һƺ˵˵Ĺעˡ
¹һ֪ģֻ¶СȻĿǰ𾪵Ļǡϴ赤
ɣǡ
յһ𣬶ӦСһ
ȴЦһ Ŷ衯ġϴ赤ͬһ֣ʲôʱع⣿
һ ˮǱ֪ˮƾȵľǵӱԵӱҲ֪ǻ=֪
棬ɿءӡôɺһ֣ãʲôʱǻ֣ᷢͬһУ
һԶԡ
·ԱߣһЩ˼һΣ˵һ㡣
Զ˲²⵽ǳͬһ˵֣Ϊп̫󣬲̫
ֻǣһֻ֮£ϲ㶼øͷ۲ǡ
ϾǿҪһôô֯ôʵŶӣĶ
沢գΣĽ޷˵⡣
ơӡԼı츳ȼǿʵ
һ̣˶Щɫ̫ÿ
·ЩͬȺүԭͲ̫ͷˣһȥҲ֪ʣ¶١
Ҫһ㣬˲ʯʵͲһżֱڡ
ʶ𣬾ǽ۷УҲܴŹһ뿪
ĵʵʲô̫вԣȻ΢һ㡣
˵꣬Ѿȥ׼ˡ 
ף⣬׼ʳġ
һҲʼ׼ĥǣоӦôϢûôţô𾪣ôע⡣
Ѿڸո쳤ȥѹˡ
ѣ϶ֱԤˣҲô۶ӣʲô³
Ȼ˵ʲôѾˡ
һ˿·ۿŰ·ȷûиæ˼̾һֻǳŷȥ
ʱүӣҲĥ£ͷոո˵˸Ǹʲô˼
ͷ˵עڱĵطʲôط
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үҡҡͷⲻ̫ʵЩȻܻʲôʳ
Ϊֶǲܵ¡
Ҫĳɱʱ䣬һԹġ
пܵҲǵǶʳõĸƷ
ܹһսʿϵĿܼΪ0
ûа취Ķô̸ֱˣå

үһ㶣Ҵȥ罻ϵϢ۰Ͱϸĥÿһ֡
衱桭
үӡˡʿˮҴҸԼĸϵڣ̣һݡ衯
Ǳߵĸ٣̫̫ƺһʱ˰ɣ


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ڸүӱ˸̵ʱ, һ˵Ĺˡ
ĳǹעѾõֱĿԤ
Ȼ˶ĥʲôֱĵ, ɶԾ˵Ҳǲܵġ
˵ֱڰؼһ֮󣬺þöûж, Ҫʲô⶯ֱ䲻Ӧ˷Ϣ
˵, ɶʱ򶼲ֻԼûʲôء
ǣֱͲһ, ǿʵʵĿ뵽ԼĶ, ⻹ֱܷ
ٺͶֱϵϢ˵, ͸ûֵ̫ 
, ҪǸٵģǾֻǸִڵ, , Ҳǰ׿
ÿ١޲Ʒ, ̼, Ϊ˲λֳġɧȻҲϡˡ
Ҫ, ǰûſʱֻϢҪ˵ĲȥԲô࣬ĥһ£ӦþֱʲôζӪ
ɣʱͻȻֽԤƺоϲ
ת漴һˣ͡
һµĿԼǰǼ֣·ǸոʶЩһɵſ˺һᡣ
ԱߵҲǣ˵ڣ͡Ŷ衯ʮö
Ŷ衱ⶫ罻ϻһ㶼İÿ˶˵ˣǼŮԵģ¹ʲôΣֻҪŮˣûжԴ˲Ȥġ
һЩˣҲв˿ʼĥ
¶ǲ䣬Աġ
ɣ˭ܸһ£Ǽ˼ʲô
ٺͶһۣﶼǲ˼顣
ٶ˶ٲ˵˵֮ûʲôϵ
֮ôƬ̵İɤָһȴû˵һ֡
ЧȻãҲôõĴڡ
һۣǺһûвЩʳġӡˮƽʱţǽ0ġȾ
ʿˮԼԼ˶Щ̫á
ǣϢһ罻˶һ±ƣɵ۵ӣ˵ǿܲţǲʳĺãպãᡮ
2333ԣֱûпЦ𣿡
Լоֱ䣬з˿һ±ƣ±ƣǲƵˣ
Ҿʡ𣿡˰ʳȻҲаòġ
磬ЩһŶ衱ģ뵽Ч뵽򲻵ļѣһ۾̵ġ
ʱҵطС衱ﻹǲǴƵˡ
˵ǿܲţһĶӶѾǿư罻˺ţת齱Ϊˡ衯ġ

罻ϸ¶һ»˲˵ע
ʱүӵעҲ棬һ˲ӿ϶һ㣡۾⣡
ִߴһ飬гпռġ衯ȫȫռ
˵꣬˶٣תһǸʳֱ罻Ϣ̣ϣ
ߵĸһ˲ֶ˶٣˵ȫ
ү˫۷⣬̣ϣˣҪʮöŶ衯
٣
үӵһۣŸʲô
ǳ鴤һ£ȴǴҴȥˣһ˵֮ٻתĳֱ罻Ϣ
̫̫ٷ̫ʽһɡ
үתתЩϲɫһһȥϵǼλû¸ģҿЩͬѰĵطҶһ㣬ؼǸ϶жĺڣǻ֪ҿ϶ǲ򵥡
һҪ˵ͻȻȥĶԭͲ˵˹ңΪֻǸЦ
һ㣬ҿǶ뻹ʲôʶ

һһһҵϵȥ˵עⶼߣûжעת£ȥֱ
ֱж೤ʱ䣿ʲôʣ
бզˣ24СʱĽڣʲôأ
֡ҩ衱Ҫʮö衱Ҳģһ̣ϼֱд־
ֱˣһʳ
һ۹һйʾֱҲͦ⣬ȻԼԼ⣬ǣֱҲǸ
罫ϣˡ
ˮĲ֣һǵϷḻζأһ㣬㡢ˬʵQ
Ҫʽʵˬۣˮ¹һȻǲ̫ܲոնҪͣԤ¶󣬼ȡڶ֮󣬷ˮ֮нƬ̡
ļ⣬ʵڸоеԡ
ܱеۣζζ
ԣⱾҪʱ䲢ЩźҲ֪ʱ䲻Ļ᲻١
̧̧һ۰Ͱ͵ĴȥֱӿֱֱһٻƵ̫ˡ
ӣǴʴõŰ޵ңڿԱССİοһ𣿡
˻ȸԾʱֱˢˢˢֱˢ̻ģʾǸүӣǶ˺þã͵һˡ
Ȼڶ˺ţ˺ţȴĳЩ˵ע⡣
ͨѿôܴ
˺˲ʶѵ۶ĳЩ˻ʶ𣿴ҶͬһϺ꣬˭ܻˣ 
һȻٶȲ죬ǽҲǰ㲻٣ַӴﵽ˶ʱڡ
ԭһֱĵ±ˡ
TMֱ㣬Ťͷֱȥֱˢˣ
һѷĴҴָϻֱմĵһǸүӣһθָۣ֪ոûôģôϵǣ˵ӱ⣬ԭء
Ҫ̫Ҫˡ
ɣ漴һתǿؼҵֺ͵ӱ֣ԼãԼǺ˵ʲô
۾ɴԲһ磬ҴҾ͸ϽʼϴͣȻˣƽүˣȺƦ͸ɼģȫɶö
ɿֱʽҲѾʼжʱĲҲҴɶûˣ㡰ڸܶ
ĵͷùһȿ˽ȷнǸˣοʼࡣ
׼ʱ򣬸үûǴҴȥ˿нǲԼˣԼ˵Ļһʱ䣬һֶΣ

ɲ֪˻жٸСʼ࣬òãȻȿ׺òõġײˬճζȻͲˡ
һ飬Ȼһʵĳ̶ȣȻʼࡣտˮ֮ףתΪл𰾡
ࡱĳƷϡʶȣȴֲ
û׼ʳģȡõǼ⣬ֻ׼һЩ
ϣϣſʼŪ
ƹļ֮ʮӣ͹ػˣһ߽һѾĸ˱飬¡׼ʹãԭͨˮҲԣǣΪҪζŨ㣬ݳ޵ʹˡϾĹȱ⣬Сõ㡣
꣬ǿһ飬ʱܳԡ
Ťͷȥнĵַ𣿡
Ϣֱ̧Ȼһ£Ŷ衯ʮöѼĳлл֧Ŷ
ûһڰʧ䣬ϾӦѾϰˣôʱˣǶϣ
ʣʱ䣬ѵþҵ׼ظظҵ⣬úӪҵһ£̧ͷһֱĳЩĻüһʲôˮ
ţǸˮ 
лҪ˵ֻֻ2ˣQAQһɡ

86

86
ֱ䵯Ļôһ˲ļž
ԤȻѾ˵, Ҫǡˮ˵, ʵǷǳ֡
˲²Ӧ˵ִ, Բ׷Žֱ׳ʲô
Ǹˮˮ𣿡һ, ֱĿڣŨŨĲȷ
ǸЦǿ𣿳ʦ̫, ôֶܳ
ԶŻĻûѧϰʲôҳԵģԴԶŻĻγ￴һţĴʻ֮, кܳһʱ䣬ӪǾܾģ
һ¡ţ˶ˡ
ԶҪͼսԶŻĳʦǵļޣ


ţ֣ԼӪ, Ҳеֹסĵĸо, ǳ鴤һ£ԼżľҵҲһҪġ
۰ǧ, ζѹʮݡľ⡮ˮ, , ֻҪ뵽ˮζ, ǿˮֹסƣˡˮ׳ơ
ȻҲһ˵, Ϊˮصһζǡ顯ڡ顯ôݶû֪޷ƣˮȻȻ¿ˮ㶼ѾģϵͳͨôŤͷʱ򣬹һãֱ￴ŨŨıĺζ
ֱˣ
Ȼǰһûɻǲӡ
ʲôʲôǧɶɶʮɶԶŻôֿڵĶ̫Ϊˡ
666ԶŻѪͳ𣿻ԶŻĲɫء
ǰȻûӦҲǿ佱˼ںǰ䣬ҲҪֻ֪žͿˮ޷ֹסζôζ
˶˷ȸԾѡļСʽ۵ģԣ߰˷ӣŸһʱֱӷбĸ֮й䣬ȶ֮󣬼䣬üʵƤQˬڡ 
ֱ۾ģǳʦЭһˣŹ۾ǷŹġ
ⶼҪġ¸ɻ
Ȼ֪ԷӦʲôⷽʽЩʳģȥеġӡǣҲòϣ˼ûζ֮⣬ζڸУζƯ£һȴ
Щڹ˵ʶĶǸʱÿһʦ֪ġ̶ֳȵľҴҲûʲôҪϾ ⲻǹԷһ
֮ʼƿˮϡ
ˮ֮ζζһ棬ɵζȴҪĲ֡
ʵصζĹؼСϣϳɷĩ״֮ۡСϲݵȰ͡ͻ֮ǰƵۡ
һ㣬ҲǱȽһ㡣ˮ
֮󣬿߰˳ɣƯϷĩϲ㡭ˮ
ۿŹˮʱֱڳʦֱӺ
͹ˮʲôӦ
ɣɤ۵ĻûкԼ˻ȥˣֱλĴС
ʱǲŷ֣ˮȥûըķĩˮʱ򣬳͵أĬĬһͣЩ㱡 
ϸϸȥţŷ֣Ϸĩ͵ϣȴԽ˳
ԭΪڳϵʱζŨص㣬ã͵ʱһֲŨЩ㣬ӱ¡
Ǵʱ־ãʵȻµ߽ϣ㣬ϣζƺ֮ϣ
һˮζǰʲôҶԣ
㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣζǰshiܲ𣿡

Էʱ벻Ҫ˵ĵĻ⡣
һ˲䣬ֱз˿ûаѸոϳֱӴˡ
Ҳļ
һҲһǳ鴤ҪǵĻ̫࣬Ѷֱ̫߳ȥʺƨᴵ˵˵ǲǡ
Ҳֻа·Աߣۼֱֿӵ˸ٱţ˺ȨأǸ˺Ӧûٶȱ
Űĵļ𹮷Ķ
ֱԶûôˣԼԼƺһ֮Щͻƣµľ磬ھɵ˼ֵࡣ
ùûпЩԣļ̳п飬½ۣĩĩУ˶ζԳ㡣øոĵͣͣףСһ˸ϣζ
ۿŶ˳ƷǿˮҪʱȴ־ô۳ŴԼǰߣһӲɵΪʲôˣ
⻹ܳ𣿡
˻ֹĵζḡŨͷһʱ䣬ζŨһЩ
⻹
ԭΪ˼Ҳܼ򵥣֪ǲҪҪʱ˼ζһּ¡
ḡ˷ǳϲḡġȳһɡ
ӣԡ
ЩԭֻΪˡŶ衱ģתһ£ų齱
˭֪˼ҳ齱ô죬ȰԼµɶûˣװûǳ齱֣ô۰Ͱ͵£ΨһẰľ֣㡱
͸ǵá衱һһԣǾȻ֪ⶫȻ˵Ч
һ۾⣬һʼĿꡰ衱ʲôĶȫȻ֮Ժ󣬡ҿԣ
Ҳҽɣ
ԼѾסԼ°ˣɵңʲôʳֱѾһȶȣ͡Ŷ衱̫ǡȶȡҲǰһ㹥ԣûֱӴȶȡ
Խһıʣtm㣡
Ȼһ߹ѾƿһСɰɰ򵥲İ࣬ͨ׼˶ǳԹġ
˲ɵһʧ
ζѵһ㡭ȣ˵ĸоҲ̫ϲ
ʲôģǲֻǵİ࣬¥ûëȷʵеѵˡ
Ԥ˭ֱ䡣

⻰һһʱ֮䣬ֱ͵͵Ĭ˺һһʶסԼϾֱＸˣ˶Ǳġ
ԶĲм̬ȶԴࡱʳǾͱݵĴ
Ӧһæȥװϸ¹۲죬Ǽᣬ㣡
ǲʺƨ㣬רҵʵʽǶֻ˵һ࣬ĲͬѰϡ̶ȼǸոպãİ˿һ£Ĵ㣬һÿһֱûʱζֻˮ׼ɣĲΪ
˸δһʱ֮䣬ֱĸ֡ʺƨֱ廨ţٻţùһͰ·۶ˣҲŶǷ
˵ʲôֶγȺո߳ḻˡˡ
ǣ˵ʲôɫζȫŰࣿ
˵ʲôŨ͹˵ɣ


87

87
һֻЩûƷλĲʺƨֱ۾, ȴǱЦ⡣
Ȼʱûôζ, Щ˵׻ǱȽ۹ֵĶղóΪЩ˿֮е
ã𣬴󷢴ȱּһ, šݲ˿, ȻҪݲ䣬ܲ, ݲ˿
˳㽫õļ˿㹽˿, ˿Ƥ˿ӡ
ɰˮ, ԼѾ˿˿, ؼһζǹ, , ۽
˴ԭ, ּһĨ֮, ˲룬
ζδڣֻζ, ȻѾ˿дˡ
ԼֱԱȽԣҲżظĻʦЭǰʦʱæ׷ʣʡζʲôʲôζƷ
Ƥ˿ҪӣҲų˵ͣϾЩ˿Ҳͦظ˶ǻ
ڷ˿һ±ƽһ±ƣƤ
ƤʲôƤ
˵ͨ˿ǰǶڵĳʦЭλʦҲһ±ƣֻһģԼ￴ȴֲ̫϶
ƳһۣȺʦĻʾʮֵĲƤǧ˲Ρ
·ǸˣʳôʱӪƢθʧϣʶľͼһƢθͬʱҲʳ
ȻԲΪԼʳǰˡʳ񡱡
յƤøƤõ£ƤʱԽãЧԽáƤнƢθֹȻ̵ѪʳȶЧʳƣҲζƷʹãȥζ㡣
ɫ塣
ôʱĻʷҲһЩ˽⣬Ÿоڵͬͬ棬ֻʧĳЩʷʹС
ЩʦҲˮƽʵǲҪ
ƤƤ
ֱйôһʱ±ƣֱĳʦ˶뷴ƫƫǰ˵ǡλسʦ
ȻĿǰ˶֪λ˵˭ɡٵĿǰΪֹλչֳĳգûһܹġ
˵վ˵⻰һˣֻ»ᱻŭ⣬
λ˵㱾Լֻ˵ԶԶԡ
úúá
ʲôǺ֪ƫôģĿ϶λسʦ󣬴Ŀ϶Լ
Ӧ˵˳ʦˡ
Ȼһ㣬츳ҲǺܸߣЩʦһȡ֮Ǿǻ̡
һʱ䣬òˣּһĺۣɰ¾Ϳʼкùһ·ˡ
·ֱӱüЩԥĥҪҪ·ΡֻܶԽߵģ۸ҲԽߡ
·۸ߣЩԼˣ׼򣬡ǰڵͶʡʣҲеһ
ɣŰ·ѾԽԽ˫֣ðȣҲͲʱ䣬ʱΣƺе˷ˡ
ֱķ˿ۿŲһˣʱˡ
ԭߵǸ֡Ѿˣô񻹶һ
һ޳ˣֻǿһӺͿӵĶЩ̫Эһһذȫʿˣ߸һԡ
Ļˢ仰Ȼһ˲䣬˶ʶ²۶ԷǣµĲӻǸ⡭ʵĬĬľŲһλԱߡ
ֽôӶòȣǳӦþͺȻҲƷˣ
һܲݲ˿ȻѾġˮóһʢһࡣ
̵ģŨжȣ֮˿˿˿ż˿˿ƵĳƤǺ㡣
ˮ뵣ζԽŨ
ʶľͳôһдġࡱ˿ˮӽԺ˭˵ѵᱻһ
磬Ũ࣬ôEáѵݣ
ÿܳ࣬ǾãǳһҲǳԲİ
ɤʶ̿ˮŹġˮҲ˳ȻѵļʳʳɣһĶǻģ˺ͣûдζȴ˷˲
˵Ǽ⿴ʵֻۣ˵Ǳ֮ĺͣͱ˲˿ˮ
Ķ˭ܾܾ
ʱǾȻʶͻȻ뵽֮ǰĳˣǻ˵ȻֱֶģɡҲû̫ë
͵ζ˵ɲǰɶܾ
Ҳмûкˣûԡˮ̲סĸп䣬ɺǸöûϵ˶ζ
һӡˮֱУδڣѾᵽǹɱƷصĽζ΢΢ҧһڣƤΪڱˮ֮УԵøʵQһ¶Щҧ
ʶ۾֭ˮˮݣζ⣬һĸһ֭ڣ˵ζ˲䱻򿪣ԼЩϲõȻʳ˵ķʽ
ſʼ׽ڸڲͬĺãƤʵQԣȴǽʵ֮вȱϸۡ
⼦ĴСѡøոպã
һһҲáˮѾʳ˰ٷְٵĳݣ⣡
һӵһڳ˹Ŀ֮󣬾;ԼһӶ϶ǳ벻ˡ 
ĺöԲܷ
ϵıɱȹŶˣȻǹɡ鼦ζЩ֪Ҳǹɵġ龢ˣ嶼Ȼһ£׼һ㡣
ĿǾϲ
յ⣬ҲóԡɣʱһҲǵһγԵֿζ⿷ʽļ⣬˿˿ʵۣ㡭
иӵζһȴֻܵǣۿɿڵļеø
ҸĲ޳ÿٷãģʲôĶƺôҪˡ
ãԼ̫ױˡ
·ȴǽעǰϣȻǷݡˮζⲻͬѰС㡱ŨصζζӾ˼ĳɣ·ȴʶľãӦòǹһԵĶ
˿Լ̵̣֣ӣǹ嵭ȴݺӵ⽫װΧ
ɨҨ˱һȦ
ڵ۶ϵĹ壬Ҳһɫһλɣͬ䣬ͬ˶˵ûԼϲá
˻ף֮⣬ûбֳκζȤ
񣬰·ãӦȤˡ
һС
΢̣еһ˲ǹԭԡ嵭㡢˲Ũ
¶Լǹζһӻий٣΢΢㣬ʼ⣬ϡʶڼ׽ֱȥظʵͬʱܵǹһӴθȫ
ʶ̧ۿ˹һָۣоֱƷǲһġ
һһƷֱĹȴҪըˣĻһģһĻǲʲô¶
лҪ˵һ

88

88
ֱйڶһĿÿһ
ڿʳ֮, ˶˷ܵҪԾһʮСԡѡǸ, ֽŲ̫ġϣܶڡ
Ȼ˾ͻϲѵĿţֽ֣ŲǸһ, һ˳һʳͿʼˡ
һܵı飬ҵ㡣
Ǿ, ǳԲ
ˣǲ˵ʲô
ۿֱ˳Եû첻ԣĿҸǼòˡ 
ֱһһ̻, ͼǵע⣬ʲô
Ͼ, ˵κֱ䣬һ˹۲ֱĵĻ״̬з
ֻҪĻˢڿ, ͵Ļ, ǿ϶ܷ쳣ġ
ǣȻ, ֱˡ
ڳԶʱ, ôȥֱ
ֱ˼öҪԼǰĹԶ, ֺ޲ֱ˳, ֱֱһͷҡ ɺȻ, ˹Ҳûκ塣
ԣһ꣬ǰġˮԲ࣬Լʲôһǲ˵ʲô
ֱ˿ɤӶ㺰ˣҲҪˣ⻰жòҪˣڱˣһּ۰Ͱ͵ľôֱģ͵ųԡ
ͷĹһһġˮ϶һ죬ԣʮ±ƵĿǣʲô
ӦһӦûǰѣ
˵ֱ꣬ͷڰ֣ǽֱ˽ټнλѼǵòһЧãǺŶ
һһ˫ֶͺģԼرֱ
Աߵİ·΢΢˶٣顣
һۣ·ȥǲǿˣ
һ仰˵ֱ֪ʱƷǷ˿ʱ˵͵ԣֻ֮󣬲ŻֱƷ顣

Ťͷȥһһֿ
һһҴҵ罻ȥǳԶʮʱ䣬з˿Ѿ罻ǰʮˡ
Ǵžζͼǵע⣬ֻǣܿϧǰˡ
ûиܹľ
ô˾ôֱӳеĶһˣٶһּ£
Ǽ尾Ƕĥͼ尾
Ҵû˳ʳȻһּµĥ
Ű߾ںٲңҪͶ!ٱˣ
¥ϣȰ侲ֱֻһ壬¸ 
һ仰бŭջһ˲侲
һ˲Ĺһ⣬΢˿߰󡭡
ֱѵһ
ֱ˵з˿İ˺͡΢ǿжŶӣζǳгԵġˣȻƢʸ񶼲Է
һ߱΢´ҲҪˡ 
ӣǹһҲǰٷְٵûˡ
ϾȺѿʵ
Ҵһ£һ룬ôǳͷֻ׼ţ׼ԡĵܵôļ尾
һ룬ٿȺ˿ʱ򣬹һʱüֱ̫ˡ
˰··עȫ˲ϣﻹܹעڹһʼڣֱ¶ԭһֱǹһŪ
ųһ罻ϵϢҲйһĨΣⲨѵһ΢˿󡱣ʵùھˡ
֮ǰֱȷʵѾ׬ȡõ㣬ǣһЩ˿ǵΪù˼ĸо
ʵڴϲ˿ޣԭһֵܿ¶ʧ֮з˿̬ȶԴȷʵھĸж
ֻǸܵ·עӵʱʶĸɿһڸ
װµתĿ⵽һϣΪӲͣԤ棬Ͽֱ
һ۾΢΢һҪ
=ʳͬʱҲζʲôζµһֺóԵģ
ͷ֮ǰһԭҪ͸ֱշ˿еһλһСȡ
ҲԤ˵ġ
ֻǣϰڡʽҪųһԵ¶
Խһݷڡݡ׼Ҫ˵ַߵģڽ齱ĳȥҲ
⣬ֿʼ̳ʳġ
ȻҪֲҪǸ϶Ҫһġ
ֻǷ˰죬ʳǲҪϡ棬ֶҪһʱ䣬ʱ򣬻Ҫһ㣬࣬÷ĸãѡѡȥһЩ㶹׼һЩ㡣
ɾԤǰӣͻȻôһϢսǰģá衯ľ
֮ǰʱ򣬡衱ôҲֱķ˿ϾȺ壬䣬⻹ȫͬĿȺ壬Ҫǣķ˿һֱ˺ŰݲСʵ᲻ʡ
ɣһֱʳֱ͡Ŷ衱ͻȻϡûйͣȴֹϵôʱз˿ʶĵ˽ȥ
Ͼ֮ǰǶ˵⡰衱ƺʮá
ɣոյȥһ仰Ǿ㶣һŮһܹȾڡԵ״̬
⼸˶֪¶ˣʮֺá
һΪããǼ֮УһΣյıڣ츳ʵǿͬʱ˲Ҳߵ˺¡
ڶ֪ͳӣ߽޵սǳܵȾӶ١
ǲġÿ
ʶģĵӿһĨ⡣Щʼվͨǰ桰ǰС˵ľ⡣
漴Ǿˡ
ƪ¼Чˣûйһ뵽Լһ±ƯһǸոճһϸۣ𪣡
Ϊǡ񡯵Ĳ漣Ȼڼ˵ǿҪ£Ҳòȥһֵļ飬ҸоԼûйĺãǣǰҡ
ǿһ£⿴СƬǵǸѾӶת䣬ԼҪˡ
һΣȴЩĬһԵˣΨһ׷Լڡ֮ǰһ㡣
ǡ
Ƕ֪ûûҲû漣
ŵµЧ˵ʲôġϢӦҲʱڹۣλõѡ
ɽ˵۾ɴɻԲɵòȥ
ֻдţҵĲԱڡӡˮƽ½ٷ֮ʮ塣
ⲻżȻԼʮͬʱˡ衯ѣڡӡˮƽ½ȸݷʱ䣬״̬Ĳͬ10%ҡ
ԣƺһ̫죬ǹڴ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
лҪ˵ӲͻԲԣ

89

89
ʲô˼
Ӷ, ĥһõǸ, Լš
ɣȻ࣬ľȴؼ, ⻹һڣԷѯʮ, ԣȻﵽˮƽ
Ժ, л㱡
ʱ˳, ˵ǰʱ䣬ˡ衯һЩ衯
˵ǿ, ǡ衱ȺǧԵס
˵üҽԺ˽ˡӡˮƽ, ݵ쳣ʲô򵥵쳣, ʵʵ½
ֱ͵ǡ衯, ˵, ˶յϢ, תһ齱һнҲǾˡȻ֪ˡ
, Ҫһ֪Ŷ衯ģĳ˵ǡ衯ĿҲġ
˵Ҳһ̫죬Ǵ󵨵뷨ѵ뷨
Ⱥոĺ֮뷨
ƽүһԲ̫ۡTMҪ˰
ոջںĥ˵ôͻȻЩݡöȤˡֵµʿתԭص㾹Ȼ
ʱǲŻŻŵ׼ռ衱ŷ֣ѾˡгϸŲˣɽȺˣȻͲؽǧˣ˺ţ̬ȣоֹǾһ۾ˡ
̫ҪˡƽүӴ⣬ͲµˣҴš
Ҳ۵ĺڣյʮöġ衱
ʵֱ͡Ŷ衱ϵһʱǾӦҪ뵽һģ
ոĹһŽǶ߸ֵҥһע
Ще»һ𣬾ͨѶ־ĲԾ֪ȻѾ֪µ࣬ôܿ
ƽүһĲ㱻ըˣһϼƣһѷľͳŸͷȥˡ
Ǹ壡ⶫЧã壬㾹ȻҴš
ǹָ壡
壬ڽ˵

֮һñӿ۵ñһһ޲ֱӰѸֱӷ츲صĲһ飬ж
˼ҷ˿ȺѾôʱˣ˭֪ǱѾ˶ٺöˣ
ңһεƷ֣Էڷ˿Ⱥ￪۵ĶҲ֣ȻƷֿܲһǣʱյģѵ˻ΪԷеĶвٶ
үӣֱˣΪѵͲΪ
һĴñӵĿǱˣ
أ
үӸӼˣʲôʲôͶˣʲôһҲͳ齱ͳʮ衯Ҷûյ
ôʲôûУ˼ҵĸȺﶼǱǧˣ˵ɶûУ˭أһҲըˣֱ
ʱ㻹ʲôòҴŵģ
ɶҲ˵ˣͰѶ
ү۾Բˣʲôʲôǧˣ
ƽүӲмװɶأûܣ˼Ⱥǧˣһӽ˼ϵĻСһ룬װʲôɵ
үӵɴ۾۾Ҫ˵Ҫʲôͷϸǣ漴ͻȻ뵽ʲô
ؼǸ˵͵ӱһֱ䣬һעģͬʱͣȴƫƫҪһˣƻûһ˶ת齱ʮö衱һȤûӡ
ǿʲôȤӱǻѾˣҪ
ûУǶ
翪ʼ˲顮ӡˮƽµҽԺ翪ʼĶǵˣǣתע㣬ת齱õƷĻTMǣڸ˵㣬˭أ 
ү۳һʮĶˣֱǰٿĪ硣
ɲǣⱳĲԼϸĥһ¶϶¶Ĺ
ҪֱһĿ⣬˶ҴҸ ֱ䣬үͷˣ޺޵ĳһԼĹԣ򶨵⣬תԼȥũϵ
˵ͷҪȥǱߣ˵ӱǱߣС˵·ҲǱߡ
һߣոշ֪ͨĹһҲѾ֪£ʱɴۣ⣬⡮衯
զû뵽ΪŮӵġ˰ȻҲЧϽȥ㡣
̧۳һ۹һԡ
һţͲż𣿡
ͦżģ㶹ҪʳҲﲻԼֲı׼ֻǣҲȷʵûʲôء
һ㶹һߵһֱ֪Լô㡣
һ
⡭ͦʵġ
Щҩʼʹûоòõʱ򡭡
ǣ˵µʱ
һ˫۶Բˣ۶ǽƳһۣ㼱ʲô
һ˷֣ô죿һż
ӦһȻأ
һȫĶѵӦż𣿲˶С˼Ҫ䷽
ɣ漴һ˶ ֿ˿ŵһİ·񡭡Ҳȷôżˡ
ֲɵӣ󹺵ˣֱ͵ˣһ߲ŵˡ
ңյļǺģؼΨһΨһ֡
ǽеĵҩ飬Ҳûκΰ취Ƴġ
ˣвţҪΨһķʽҪڹĸԸ½
κһֵҩһҩģһҩģıһ»򣬹ܽ鵤䶾ҩ
㹻ʵǰȻҲ㹻İȫС
˶٣Ƴһ۰·ؼ²з磿
Ȼ·΢֪˼ֱӵؼԶĺܡ
⻰˵ҲܴؼҶԹ˵
ۺ񡣡
𣬺ʹ˺Ƿ㣬ǰؼк𣿡 
Ȼ·ԥĵͷ
ǰؼңûһ˻ܾĺ
ʮ⣬һôһңǻĺܡǻôһҩģ˾ȻȻô˳
ңؼõ㣡
һöҩǼһֱ̧ۣӱĸ߶ȣԶԤϵĳ̶ȡ
𣬿ʼԼĶڻϸϸ쵽ͷʣµĶڻź˹һ
һֱ䣬ֱͳױˣз˿ǵҲѾˡ
֮ǰСʱĥֻ߸ո罻ױըʾϢֱĻҪ²ۣҪʣҪо
̻˲ŵͬʱеĻɣֱϢҪըˡ
һֱϢȻ϶ֵ࣬Ǹոյֱ©´ֻţֻܿܳԡ
⻰һз˿ίĿ޳ˣĿŵǰ
ɿǸ
ոյʳҵѡһݣԭҪ˵ģôƷһ¡
⣬ΪǸ⣬ߴ100ݡŶ衯100ݡ衯ȡֱ200͡⣬һö衯Ҳѡһ˽͡
Ǹ˿̫ܹ࣬ṩĶޣ޷˱Ǹ⡣ļ죬Ǿ֤ÿһεֱ
ڷ˿
лҪ˵ƶơÿ
ȿȣټд

90

90
һ˲ļž֮, ֱһӷĻͬһ仰, Ҹ̫ͻȻҲ룡
ǿԼĿ֮ĵطĻǺԼһģһĻЩ϶, ĲֹԼ
ţ˻кܶࣿ
Բۣ𣿡
, ÿ춼ֱ϶ֱۼӳԻˡ
衯ֻҪ裡ԭˣôܻأǸһеˡ
Բۣôֱ, ˵ͣž˿ͷˡ
ֱϵﻹ˲֪˵Ķֱĵʮһλ, Ӧ˵۸Ŀǰû, ȷĳɽ
Ŀǰȶ, ٷƺҲûô˼飿
ͨġŶ衱۸Ҳڲϵ, , ֻ¶ͻȻ
ԶҪȱȱǮ, ֻҪкöó, Ȼ֪ƶʵԼ
綼ЩֻҪж, ôĲüǮ
ң˵ģ˵һ㣬ҪļСڼģ罻ϵǸ˵ҪʹⶫǼ൱ټһˡ
ֺ£Ȼǡϵڱ׼ģ
˵ͨѲţֱΧ۵ĸүӵҲͬš
һٷݡŶ衯һٷݡ衯
˶һˡʿˮҲѾֲԼǴһġ۾ɵԲˡ
λֱ󰡡ƽү̲סпһ
ЦһʼͿ˼ҡ
Ҳǲ˵ĺö˼ҾȻֻǰա衯ۣѵ˼Ĳ֪ⶫųӡ𣿡
үҲһЦ治֪ЧԷѡŶ֣
ĺö˼ҸϡԡӡͷۡүɨһߵĳЩˣһЦʵֶΣĳЩ˻ǱԸͷĽлɡ
֪ʲô졣
ȺмɫЩڣĶͻȻ֣ǸˣֻҪ漰Լ棬ɰɣ
ĶҪǳˣֻ²Ż˾ò˼飬š
ܹšˡ
ǻǱŶĽ
ֿͬʱЩ£ЩֻۼΪʵûмܶô¶ۣδЩˡ̿һ۸үӡ
ңЩѾ˲СĽչô Ǳκ˶ӡĿƵжѣͻȻġƷΪţǶ˸ǶӦýһɣ ɫġ
ҩǱҲվ˳˵Զûôˡ
ֳһֱ䣬ֱԣ˵ԼԽʳĺͳƷġȾڰٷ֮ҡҲ˵øⷽĿشмֵĿܡ
Ƭ̵İӦȫÿŶ˲˵ʱҲôìܷϵʱ
֪ʲôо֮𣿡ҰЦЦȴǳŪһȦ죬е֪Ǿν졣
㲻ᣬǲڣ̽ʲô̶ˣôףйŻʲô壿ҰЦһ俴ϣԼб£ľԼվҲܶ࿴һۡ
ɵɶġ
Ǹոտڵļ˶˸ƫƫ⻰治̫ܷ
Ͼ⻰ôĥֵĵ
ƽүӸ˵ǧǰ໹Ϊ󣬡Բط磬ôϺΣԽԽȥ˰
պεǸɫѿѵΪѲҪһƭƭתƣ棬ˣ
үЦһֻҪܽҾСڵʿȻҰڵϸȡ
ϺΣҵٶ꣬ȣ㶼ȣұ˲ȣ
ɫһƬ࣬һ仰ȴһ˵ڡ
ϴֵЦԲ֪Ķ϶ҪŽ̬оҲû⡣
ϴҲ̫ƫˣϺѵΪĲ
ô꣬оô꣬ķôʱ侫ѵΪԼֻͻȻôɺϵȳʳȻ裬ϴ赤ģ̫ɣ̫ӵֶΡЧãҲ˵ҲҪûʲôʱûа취ġáΪҪͷۣٸθ 
պڰ·ʧٵĽڹϣ޷鵽Էݵʱ򡣻ֶͨΣۣǿ϶ҪСĽһЩ
ºƽҵûʲôϵֻҲǲ̫ϲ̣ո˵㣬˼Ҳ 
⻰˵ģġһĺ˶ٸˣֱӽؼˮ
⻰˵ģǵӣɺϣֶΣǡá㲻ֱ˵ĳЩ»üˣ˵ĳЩ˵ΪԼˣɲһƨûвɾͱƣһ죬ǹshiζܡ
ɫƽүӣƾ˵ȫĻΪûƫĵġ
ȿȡʲôƨšֱͳȥҵųԶءүбһۣʮֲЩǼ٣ɣŰؼˮľЩˡ
ߵֱվɫѿſھҪֱˣүжȥ
һƬž˸˼˸뷨ڵôģֻԼˡ
ǣֻһ뷨˶һģһ뷨ǾǣȻһ⡣
ֱ䡢񻰰ġŶ衱ԼֱǸۣġϴ赤ͬĳһ֯
ǵģ֯
ûκĳһˣĳС飬ĳλݡĿǰĳ֮֯⣬ûκθǡķʽݶԷ
Ϊ˵ܹ֡졢ƹһϵеĶԲֻеĳһˡ
ǡŶ衱ԼĽ׶Σ֤ĵҩˡ
ֻǣ뷨˵ʱ˿̣Ҳɷ򵥣ҲѶͬʱעһϣֱ
ɲ֪ԼĴѾĳֹ֪Ŀģ֪ġ֯ 
ºĶóڷųʱеãζв㣬Ǹ
ŵζ֮󣬾ֱ۾ˣÿֱ֣ȻֿԳԵһۻˬļڣֱӽ˳׸жˡ
ǵôãôʱ䣬ܾίĥǳԵˡ
⡰ˮ׬ǵġˮֻǲ˾ȷȻ͡ˮļѽ


91

91
һ, ѣԭĿǡŶ衱, ˵ЩʱŵζƷζǶ̲סľͽԼעȫ档
, װССıºʵԶûй˵ζƫ, ǰװǹ̵ģһ, Уǹ̵¶, ۻڼĿڸУԼǵȶθ, ůȫ, Ӧ˵һҸůȫ
ԭǵί, ˲䱻, ů㡣
ôĺö, ôζ
555, ̫ױˣԣһҪҡ΢ܿгһʱ, ͿʼŵĻԡ
ó ̫óˡ
˶ǱҸΧˣôôҸζ
ô˿ѵʡ
һζûУۣ˿˿ͣһɵĹ㣬̫ˡ
ΪôһڳԵģҾãʲôˣȫˣ

ֿһ࣬һ鷢ŵĻģȴǰ㲻Ҷൢ עǰĳԵ档
һһڣ
һӣ̲סǡˮܱζǡ顱㡱ʡ
֡顱ȫİĿڸС
ƫƫİģ˾øֵġ̼ Īľ;áˬζٷ·ȸԾ
һڡ⡱Ҳ˼ֲһζζõȫ
ζڸҲȫе֪
Թ˲٣ɣԳֿڸ ζģȫûˡ
Ϊ֮ףǰ̫ڼ尾ܣԷ˿һԽǳԵøжԸӣԭǷζ˼ֲһĸζ
ݲ˿Լܲôڣôˬڵˬ
ҲܣΪܲԲ̲סô࣡
ֻܿθӣˣå
أθڴ󿪣ңֻôһĶҪһһ

˵ʵ˵ϰ߶Ѿ̶Ե档
ԭӦǳݲ˴ϡȳݲˣζθڡƫƫڷ˿Ҫʲôݲ˿θ
ѾµĶֻǵԣѾθڴ󿪣ζٺ֪֮ݲˣֻ򣬸ոճԵǵ㶫·˲䱻ĸɸɾֲˡ
˵⻹ֱֻ֮еĸܣٶ࣬Ҳ޷ǿտҲĶӡ
һָӣſˮ۰Ͱ͵ĳˣָŹҪǿŹǰǸ
˿ɶŵŨŨζȻŪ浽ʲôǣ̨ζڷ˿˵ǲʳҲʳ
Ƴһ۵Ļʼ齱ɡֱÿһ˶лᡣ
ֱԼȻҲԼĳ齱ʽΪ˹ƽԣ齱ֱֱУ齱Ҳ򵥵Ŀ£ֱڵ˵кţг齱һһ
һ˵꣬ͷ˿Լһƿӣ̲סզ࣬ѵôһء
ǡ˵ĿǰֱѾƽʮλĸ߼ۣ֡Ŷ衱ڶгҲ˸ָ߼ۡ
˵ڸ߼ۻղ
һȻҪֱȥʮλõ㣬̲סզ࣬ڵ۶ʱ򣬱˵ȦֻѧУͬ㻨ǮƽܣҲûôѴǮʱ򰡡
˵һݣ뽫ַ˽Ÿҡ
յַͻԼһĸлһֱӵݸſڵ˻
Ѽĳעաڶλ
Բۣô򵥣ǡĿǰѾ20õһݵġ
ˡ
ҲᣬǿˣĿǰֱڷӣʮλĻһˡ
н20õ㣬TMһԣ
⻰˵ǰëûУԣѾЩ΢ˣǴѴѵ˸ż뵽ֱ䡣
²ΪһڳԣֻΪ˲齱һϵڱĻᣬʱҲǻ㵽˰
˵ǿܲţ⾹Ȼҵһֱ˼ͷһҪȥת𣬺ʲôġ
Ͼڴ֮ǰÿһֱǴҴҿʼٴҴҽκλΣǰա
ɣ񣬾ôһһĳ飬ֻ¶ҪСʱϣҪǣƴ٣ֻƴƷ
⻰䣬ֱ֮罻ƽ̨Ҫˣÿ˶þԼϤ֪ת齱ģʽ
㽫ô꣬ô巢չеһ顣
һʱ֮䣬罻ĺȦġϢ
ؼǣ˵ǣǣ磬٣֪죬ż˶̲ס˽
ҲƣҪ衱ԽԽ򵽣гܹҳõƺˡǾõ㣬Ҳһ򲻵ʮֵˡ
һٷݣһ
ôܲ۲Ľǣ
ֻǣһεĳ齱ôϡôǣôһʮʮôҲôȵġûʲô鵽ľˡ
ǮöˣһҲˣҲɬˣҲûʲôˡ
ֻǴǻ˵̫ˣɤӶЩɳˡ
ʼ͵һγˣȻһˡ
עһ㱻תƣϾһʼ˷ܾȥ˴ŶѾӦһ⣬ʵ̫ˣнĸʵ̫СˣСǿԺԲƵĳ̶ȡ
һǵעôȫתƵ̨ϣʱζԽԽأϢڱǼ⹴˵˼
һĻҲˢҪʲô㣬𡣡
Ȼֻͨ棬Ϊʲô֮󣬾꣬ѧᡮ/أ

ЦֳһţһûоˣĬĬ͵͵齱ӵʮһ
Ҳע⵽Ļ˳һ£Ҫģ档
˵֮ǰҲȡ˳΢΢֮󣬰Ƥˡ
Ҳ꣬ãָ΢Ƥ˾͹ԹԳˣӦǸǱһԵøÿ
ȻСܹ࣬ɣƷڸвáܹʪʱճֲ˵Ҳ鿪
һǳƵĲ١
ֶһοԷźü죬ͷ˿ҲԣһʳҲ
ССһζƤִ࣬硣ҺѪ·Ҳԡ
ڹﱻƵḶ́ǹζԽŨǹ
үӵˣҲҴҽн衱¶ȥˣԼȫעⶼλС 
Ҫ¶ΪǻҪֵʲôˣҪˣˣ
һҰ㶢ţȡУ
Ұ
үӵԲ˿ȥһֱ׳ӡ
Ұǳ˳飬һתŤͷ̣ˣκһ㶼׼¶ȥжȫ 
ʹСҲᡣֲʳײġ
̣mmp
лҪ˵磡ԣ

92

92
, ֣֮, ʼŪ䣬ʵĻûʹùġ
΢΢ЩȤ
ò˵к֮ܶ, ֮Ƶķ棬ͨԴ, ֱӽ˼¡磬ʳ, Ҳһܡ
ջп¶, ʱ䡣
ֻҪǰ׼ȻͿеųˡ
ͼ, , Ҳ֪ôģγһ仨ģ
˾ôһС, һСб仯ģ, γһһĻ, ۾ɴԲˡ
ôŪģ
ֱз˿۾ɵ, ҲûиףЩôŪġ
ֻǣôĿԽԽĻģϡ
ˢһ㵰Һ, ϸһ֥鹮ͽǸ޴Ŀڡ
ʦЭǰˣ͸ЩɵˣȻó
Щ棬Ȼ֪λв򵥣Ҳû뵽˼ҳʳʳʳƶԣŵҲˡ
Ա̲ס̲סĥ˵⡮衯ǲҲģ
бۿһۣǳ˳飬ԼӦ侲侲
װ참ȻسǣϾǳʦҵڵġЩŶ衱͡˵ЩȴǳоŶӴڵҩ
ֻǣҲ֪ôŶӲĶ
˦˦Դǡʵʡ뷨˦ӣȻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀֱ䡣һĹпʼĶˡ
ƺѾͦʱˡ
ʲôɣ
򴽣ûƳһۣѾˣôó΢սᣬζŨҲŲʲôζ
ֻǸպÿԱɢһ죬㶹
ʣʲôã
ʵҲ֪񣬵ĵѾ̫࣬ΪʳıȾֻͨѹƣɲƷ㲻ɵģЩˡ
ҪǣģҪʹûͣƷЩڳʦϲģԣĵû䡣
ٻ޿̣졣
٣
ϸµĿֱ֮ÿһԷ㶹óǣ֮ǰûоƵ࣬һοʼˡ
С裬ÿһζˮ𽥱ɣּЩ棬ζҲͱŨˡ
ǹ㶹ԼҲں£Խԡ
һߣһ㣬Ҳڴʱһ˳ζҲԽԽŨ
һ˲䣬ֻ۾ͱӶã֪Ӧĸ򿴸ˡ
ζ㶹һֻŵ㣬ûôŨȴôŲŲ塣
һ߿ڵĶζ˼ֵŨһŨϺһ˶ʶŨζζһ㡣
㶹۵ĳ̶ȣо࣬ģߣ֮䡣
ʱһֵġ֡Ѿ׳ոմ򿪿ĸӣŨŨֿζζһӿ롣
ùһ۾ǲһˡ
ǰ㡣
Ҫֱ䣬Żܸɴĸһۡ
óһ˹ȥһһӾȸԾ۾
֡ǼƤص֮󣬾࣬ƳģһҧȥƤִ౩¶֮󣬸㣬ɿڡ
һ۾ģʳҸԶֻǣЩʳʧȥꡣ
һ̣һģʱ˲ʺһҸС
֮ġꡱڵ㣬˲˹һ
ֱŹһĶζоԼˣͻȻ˿Ļһ仰ҾȻһ㣬ֱûйرζ顭
ֱڹڣԲۣ
ǷӦ˲䣬һצѾ˿ϣ¹ж֣Ծˣ
ִ֡࣬΢żһ㣬ĵм
ǣ˺˷᲻óԣȻ״Ļ䣬ǲƤȷʵ仨޵ĲθУмһ֥飬ǻһƯ
ٷģҪⶫ㣬ζʵǹŨ˵ٶôһСĹ
ǣ֡ڣһҧȥڶִġꡱŨǻϢŨζʱپ֪ˡ
һΣֻ»ñڸʮٶȽС
΢΢ӣϵı鶼ǴЩҸ̫ˣ
ôôóԣ
ٳųžˣ̫ˣ̫ˣǹѵʮˣȻ֪ҸõĶ
̲סߵĶһۣƾȻҲ˼ƺԼΪʦ

ĿڸУҸζǰʮȻδš
̲סһߵĶ˵һ䣬
Ȼһһö֡УһİԼҸˡ
ֹڶѶһóԾˣξȻô࣬Ƿſ˳ԣ5555ԺûõӣһҪôѽ
˵ǿܲţڹȻһмˡⲻǣҲˣӲˣ齱ȻнĲң󻹳ŵδ쾡ÿ춼ԵĸǡÿǶһʱӡǣ󣬾ĥңҿԣ
Ȼ˵̫ûеߣûԭûϡ
ǣз˿ûסͬźĲһ㣡
˵ǣǹһ̲סӣҸĿҪðˡ
ûô£ġ׬ǮʱЩġ
֡֡һҲǵһγ԰
ǣʮֿ϶ΪȻֻǵһΣǣѾˣʾ氮ˣ
һһֱʲôģҸѵļԳԳԣ۾̲סһûǣ滹һء
һֱ䣬òѰһģز֮еİҲһˡ
ˣһΣ·ǳԲǿΪһһֱ豸һˡ
·ֻɳſζŹһѾЩָܵĵ
ϣ
ˣʧȥôʱ䣬״̬һֱڱáӦ˵ԭûԼܻ£һϣԭϲһ
ûԹԼڵ״̬
ɣſ֮еŨζͻȻһ˿ŨĲ
⣬˹һһۣ漴򿪹ԣ˵ӱͷһѵӱ콫ά޺͹ãͬʱһʽ׹
һʵսӦǺˣҪıȽϺáպʱ䣬ҲҪúõĵһ¡
ɣϢȥһᶼûлӦ
·üҪϵͻȻֱһը̻Ŀֱշ˿񵥵ǸϣǺЦһ
лҪ˵qaq߹Լ첹

93

93
ִɿ, 㶹Ʊ֮£ϸڸ, 塣
Ϊ˱ǳԵ̫壬һ衣
ҶĿ棬裬⵹Ǹöظ, ԼģǵҩĲ, ԣƷʼá
ҲΪ˱ʦʦ̣, Ų¯档
ŶʵƷԣ, ˵ӦõƷû֮һ
ǰ·ڵ״̬, 趼мõЧ, ˵ͨˡ
·
Ҳ·һͷƼĬĬڿ, ôע˵İ·
顣
ŷ, ôʱĵ, ȻǰѰ·, ֱӶôԶĵط
Ͼδġ, Ҹ˹ɣ
·վԼ
ǰվӣǳ˳һŤͷͶһӵģһŰ·ȵĲһ˶٣ŬҪ㻹ɣ
·
ظѾһָͷɳϣҲǰֱϽҽһ㶫齱ȥͽˡ
֮ǣԼ߹ȥѾˡ
뿪ùһ׼ӿٶȳ齱·ǰֺ㶹ƣͻȻⶫҲˡ
һԱ͵͵ţЦҲһ飬գ˰·ǿŰ·û̫Ҳȷʵ·ϲǲϲ
ҲûⶫȤ
͵͵˼ۣ·ʼûиһԽ顣
֮ʵʵĺ͹һʣµĽƷԭĽƷĵģҲֱӳ齱ͳȥ˴
ԭһһŲˮеƷţеļװƷšԳ齱ǵ ġڣһμˡ
Ļв֪Ӧ˵ʲôãҶ֪Ȼһ죬ᾹȻԼʮһݵĶ޶ԡصǣҶһݳԵģȶԼʮõĶҪȤ
ҾȻͼֵʮλõĶ
ƮˣֱΧҾȻôǮͲǸֶˡ
ûõĺܺ׬㿴ôʳҪĶǮĶǮ
Ҳŷ֡ûõģʵֻԼ
˵ģÿ쿴ֱĴͽѾ㹻ɵۣ±ƣοҪ˵ǲ
ֱ佫һֽƷȡϣʣġ˵һܣ˵ͨˣˣһöҩһǡ˵ġҲ԰ǣ벻ҪãΪ˷ѡ
һĬĬԱ߿ţ°̧ĻȣİȻһ㶼ǲ԰
ֱĵĻҲ΢˶١ܣһ԰
ǣնԷ˵Чⲻ԰ʵ
ֻ˵ֻԷṩġŶ衱ԼЩʳЧ⡰˵Чֻݵĸǿ
뵽̲סһľ˼԰ǽбǮ
ɲθп˵ֱӿʼ齱˻ûüڵĻʼ۵ʱ򣬾ѾѸټĳˡ
һɵۣȻѾϤ˷ָĳ̶ȣɣǻ²ۡ
·˴ֲ
ϰڸ߼۵ĺöôɴĳ齱ͳȥˣʽأ
ߴʮһλʮλĺöȻôܡ
ԼⲻǼڣǼõı˻
ҵļֵ۱ݺŤˡ
Ļû˼ѾѵĹرˡ
۳ֱرգһըˣԤأ
鲻ԼѾԤϣǣԶ¶
˵ҪֲÿֱǣôͻȻˣ
үǸը˰ǻûĥʶأôôˣ
ǣǻûĥ˵˭ء
һˣڵˣأ˭޶ˣ
ˣţһòȻһһࡣ˭֪˶ֶΣ˼ȥıö
໥ӣүӲɵ˰ɣոչ˶ûϵϣ͵˼ˣҪתƻ⣬ϽȰŪߵĶó
ĥôʱ䣬޶˶ٺö
һ˲䣬˵ע˸үϡ
үӣmmp
ȾҪܣôҪȥҵӱ
ôͬôܣһ׷ñһһš
һߵˮƻڻ衱͡˵ǹģҲͦæȻһֱ˵һʳֱǳܻӭĶζóԣ˵֪ͨ
ΪÿıְԼ衱Ѿæûʲôʱĥ̫ġϴμԭҪ˵ǡ衱׬õ㣬ʳֱҲһʮֺõ·ӡ
֮ĥ衱ӦôùģԼҶĥ¡
һֱ죬Ǹνֱ͡衱ţŴֱ䣬˭Ź棬ɣһ֮£;áƺﲻ̫ԡ
ǡֱˣ˵̬ȣӦ
ԽǿԽǾﲻԡ
е찡
Ǿ仰ʲôš
Ҳ԰ǣ벻ҪãΪ˷ѡһ仰ֱǶ쵽¡
ɫ֮䶼Щˣ·ص˰֮ǰһСƿ˵һģһĻ
ǰֱˣֱرգûܹعӶЩˡ
ɣ֪ΪɶĥţԼⲻûе
ĳΣʳζΣѾ֪
ǣ˶Щл㱵ģǡŶ衱ЧԶԶ֪ô򵥣νŶȻǡӡȾ
ʲô˵ʵʵԼͬºлͰϿˡЧ
ֱǶȥʱѾ²Ĳ֮࣬ǰνġ衱棬žǡۻ۵ġϴ赤
뵽һ㣬ˮ˶ˡ
˾Լ˳Լһֻֻ֣֣
Ҳ䣡
ôĺö
޳ˣǺεºܰȻ˹ĺö
ʵǣΪԼ
°ͣ컹ǻز񡣵жùɣ;ԼжɵX
һ㡭綼󹺣ֻȷ衱͡ҩͬһԽԽҪˡЩЦãû뵽Լ󹺸衱Ȼֳô
ոôţͿյ˸һ£ǹ۾΢΢
һ𿪾޵ġ֡͡㶹ƶ˲䷢⣬Ա߷ŸСӣԸЯɱ
֣ˮʶ뵽ϴι˵ʱ˵Ļֱһ붼ûЪţϽˡ
մϣԾ͸ˡ


94

94
ˮƵͷ˿, ͷǵӱ˶, Ž˹ȥ ˽㡣
ӱ֮ɫ΢΢һ㣬ûƽӲͬסɣ
ˮһ, 뵽˹ӡ
עũϵܻв˵Ŀϡ
ˮƵ, Ŷ衱¶ϣǴȥġ
ؼ, ֮Ϊ˷Լĺ, Ǹ˿Ⱥ֪ͨϼʱ䡣 
뵽Щաһʼչһ  , ֱӷǸ, ˵ԼģžͲЩˡ
ӱҲķӦ÷, ֪ӦҲ, , , һЭ¶ԷԸ⣬Ҳַ򡣡
٣ӱԸΪˮȡô 
, Ҳ뾡취İȫ
ǣĿɲ۶Ǳߣֻ˶עˡũϵԭͲǺܰȫ
ˮƣ
ӱЦЦģֻҪڣİȫһǸ˵ġ
ˮƳһ£̫עԼİȫ⣬ǣô졣
Ҳ֪᲻ʲôżȻĻᣬֱҵϣһĿԣǹİΣȽġ
ûǹֵһУǣֱ̫ӴݻһУһ
һʮᣬǿЦġ
ɣûͬ⣬Ҳ˵ڣãÿ춼;һߣʲô¡
ӱͷµһʱϵңҾũϵᾡϵ
õˮƵĻظ֮󣬵ӱ΢΢˶٣·˹ȥĻ׺Ҫʽ׶Ѿ͵
·Ǳùһ׼ǩգӱǱߵҪϴ赤𣿡
·ü΢΢һҪĿܲǰؼҡ
⻰·ûк˵
£Ǹ˿¶⡰ϴ赤ŰٷְٵȤûȤ ΪҪΪҪ
ǣҪģ϶ǰؼҡ
Ǽҽҩ˾оҽҩЭǱߡ
⡰ϴ赤ڵҪѾġˡ츳ЩʵĹЧãǡо
һ֪ͣĲƷоֵ
ֻҪܴⶫоһκεĶֻġŶ衱ǾٸߵĽǸߡ
ؼȻõ㣬ⶫҲ䲻ǼûеޣңǰؼҲļȥ
һεġ·Ҫһκϸġж
ӱĬ˺һᣬԼҲʮһ㣬ֻǣΪĸ׵ǵ㲻ǻӰ
̾һѾŴġŶ衱Ѿ뾡˰취ǣ
ЩͿԽġ
Щ꣬꣬ҩԡ
ǣϴ赤ǿһݵġ
İ취ûжˮǱ̫߱ϣ ⶫģܱвεġˮôãһ棬ˮĶˣǾлͰˣڶҲҪ͸ԷͶȥһ⡣
·Ǳ΢΢˶٣üҪϴ赤
ӱƳһۣĿǲмһˡֱǷϻ˭롣
Ϣϵ㡣·ûյı飬ҶͨѶ
ӱǱߣݺһ£һŷӦֱһͨѶϵ˹ĿƵĿŵӱ㣬˵ģʲô˼
·ȥ˼
ӱһ侲㣬ؼҡ
ұˣҵ˺Ŀǰ̸·֪ӱʲôؼҪʵܱﵽ죿
ӱһ룬Ҳʮе
ûﵽ0Ⱦ߹Ķ
ǡ衱˶ءҪǶܴﵽϴ赤Чõűôʱ
ؼֲûʵȨ
Ҫʲôͷİ·һιҶͨѶӱŭָֻ·Ļ
۾΢ÿ·Ҫϴ赤ʲôۣ
£һжδġ
һ㶼ۣҶǡ⡱ǰ·ϵģǶͲһˡ
˵ҲǸδġڿͻ
ӱ·
΢٣ϴ˵ˣͦңôʱ֪˵Ŷ衱ˮѲĸϵȴûκΡӡΪùЩøС
ҲǸ֪ͼġ
Ͱؼһ𣬾ͿԳױȫġҩ·ڡ
ҲΪʲôԸԵӱɿڵԭ
ӱĵλͬѰ˼ھ۸ӵĹϵԼӱȻˣҲûзɾ裬Ǿ˸ү֮ĵڶˡ
үӵĴڲһʱ򣬡ֱ֡ƵøүӲòһЩΥĵѡ
ǣеӱڵĻǾͲһˡ
ؼǣũϵǵӱĵ̣ǸүӴˣҲ
΢΢һ٣֪·˼ˣûв飬ҿһö
·΢΢Цӱ߽
Ҳһ棬һ㣬ҪĿ⣬ѵˣ٣ڹûԸ¶ʱ
˲ӣ˰·һۣһӿɽ̡̬ȣ·ʱͦϵġ
ԭĥĺͰ·ĺ˵ҲҪӿˡ
ֻǣôһȻǶ˼ֵϽġ
ϴ赤·ҪˣҲøϽʵٶҩ׼¯ˡҴææȥɻҲûǽһӽϰ
ڶһ磬·һʱ䣬˿Ĺһһ׵ˣϻԿʼ׼ѵ
ָԽԽ죬ӦÿԼ򵥲ˣһ ѵҲץץˡ
һ۾һ·ѧףѧսǾ˾ϲ¡û֮һ
Ȼûоð·˼ҲԼɵ¡
ˣ˭ԡʻס룿˭ĵһĿ겻һѧھһߣ
ԣԵǶȤ׷𣿡
桭
һ˿㣬˶٣ʵ츳ʵ̫϶ǲܼʻ׵ġ
B츳ûϣ
չǰ츳϶ûϣģڡ
·ͷͻȻ뵽ʲô˶٣ǲӦáȥѧУ
һһ£һö֡ɿȻһ磬ǰһҲûǸһ״ҽ㲻ȥѧУ
·üͷ𣬿򹮷ũϵ֮ûѧ
ò׶ˡǱ߼ӣüͷšýġ
 
£һС쵰
·ӦҲȷɫѿˣȻ֮ǰԵ츳⣬ԼҸɳ¡
ǶԹʱδꡱʧѧͯĲ˸㰲ţ㾡첹ΣҪҡ
ȥ۾Բˣ·˵ʲô⣿
·㲻ȥѧУʲô
һҺæ
ɲǺæʯ룬ҪҪ꣬Ҫ족ҩģҪ조衱
Ǯһʱˬһֱһֱˬ
ǣͳȥôһû˴úúòһ´ңʱ䣬˵ҲԿʼڻˡ
ʲôʱȥʲôѧ
·


95

95
·ǹֱ׳̬ȶŪ, һŵΪʲôԸȥѧУ
üͷ, ʣΪʲôҪȥѧУ
·ЩҿһȥԼ״ָ̬࣬Ƥ, ܺ͹ּۻˡ
ѧУͬˣѧУҪ֪ʶ, ͨѧУѧϰܵõҪĿ, δ·
ϣһЩһվڽĶ, ǣѧУһһỷ
ȷʵ£Ҫѧϰ֪ʶ, Ҳһ, ܴһ֡
ңĿǰݾ;, ˡͶ̥֮, ֻѧУһ·
Ȼ, ѾҪ̫ͨѧУҪ, ǣòϣѧУкܴһֵá
, ȴ۾Խ ֱ׳ҵĿõ㡣
˵⻰ʱͦñֱ°Ҳ̧ø߸ߵģѾҪͨѧУʵ֡
⻰˵á·ȻǺ޷֮
һëûУĿõ㣬ҲҪκʵ֣Ѿʵˡ
ֻҪԸ⣬ڣϣܳΪеˡ
ЩѧΪʲô֪ʶҶñǶ࣬ǶҿԲҪҪʱҿԹ˲
Ϊõ㣿Ѿкܶ࣬Ҫж١
ΪȨƣֻҪ룬ҾѾվڽ˲𣿡
·ĬĬŹʱ˿̾Ȼòһһϣǡ
ÿһ仰û˵
°΢΢ţʮġֱ׳ζԣΪʲôҪȥѧУ
һ·ҪѣҪ罻Ҫ
һΣѾˣü΢΢̧ţֱӴ˰·ĻҲҪ
û罻ûѡʣԶס
һûκμֵˣûκΡ罻壬˷ʱ䡣
·
Ȼ⻰ëûУǣԼҡӡ˵ôͲôζǸоأ
أǼأأ·һᣬͼҵȤҿ˵ɣˣѧϰȴԼ˽磬վھ˵ļϿ磬δչ
һ㣬ùôһĳɣԥ
ϹŶӲظˣÿطԼĶ֮ҲԼҽҩԶĸǿ
ûƹû㹻ʵǣԼġַǴһ߳ϢƼ˼֮
Ҳǡ֮ܡȻףֻܲѧϰ£ܽԸ磬͵Ҫףˣǽʲôġֻǣѧ⣬ԥˡ
ɶ·ΪȿǣҲ̫ż
ɵĿһۡ
·һ̹̹Ŀ
΢΢תת𣬿·ѧô޳־͡ӡ𣿡
·һ㶡
⵹û̫⣬Ͼ֪Ǹʳֱ䡱ʼɵġ
˵߲ˣϹڹпĽ0Ⱦˮƽģôأ
ҪЩʳﵽˮƽǲܵġ
ԣ˶ΪλʵŲͬѰֶΣ޳ʳȾԪء
ǰ·ۿŹֱӴ̳ǹʳģֱӿʼ⿡
ȻĶûκζӦҲзӵȾڡɣ̶ǰҲûпܿҲûпʲôĴ
ЦеҽδӡȾôʻףôά޻ף
·ôһ˲Σ֪ôļֵ𣿡 
ףʻЩֻҪ룬û˻ܾ
ǣ޳Ⱦķȴȫͬˡ
νֵʹãֻһжļֵ
˰·һۣ֪Ⱦ⣬Ҳ֪˶ˡ
ⷨӣΪ״츣ܶˣҲǻңѾԡʶ˳˽⣬Ҳò˶೤ʱ䣬Ҳѧһ㡣
·öûп˵֪˵ʲôźãŹá
ͷ㣬ѧ
Щ飬ȻҪĿҪð·ǣʵҲ츣˵뷨ġ
ߣ֪֮ʵѾ뷨ֻǣûôңӹһƷЧʮֲ
·͹һҲ֪磬ǲֻûйԼĥķʽֱ̫ɣָպСħУŵĽ
·ҵȻԸ⡣
Цеĵҽ㣬ҪŬ
һֿҩĵŰ·ء
·˱ƣԭáħ˵ֱһ㣬ֻ֮࣬޳ȥ
Ц˿žЩ졣
·
Цпʼϸ̵һס𣿡
·ۣŹÿһ仰һĽԼľԾ̽飬ʹá
ҲתŹǶڵջأתһȦ֮޳ʡ
Ȼȡʮ٣ȴҲǷǳԡ
˳ֽӹĵڶöֲһ̺֡һ㣬ǡһ࣬ҪУͱһקǸҩһ˫ӵɵϴ󣬡޳ʡû͵
ҩ¯ֲߣ棬ʱҲܾãơ˵Ĳϡ
·ôѧᡰһģͿʼֱӳҩڵˡ
·ü΢̧֪Ӧǡʯֻǣ֪Ϊʲôֲ֮ҲУң޺
ɿ·ԼġҡָҩģЩṩж
˵꣬Ű·Ѿõҩ׼˵򵥣ͬʱгҲġ
·ڹĶ棬ŹҩĶǸ㡰¯ָ֮Ͽһػ棬ǡٶȿһ㣬ϰɡ
·
ܾﲻ̫ԣ
ôŹĶٿӵҩģǳ˳Ǳ˵ˡ
ɣһüĿ㣬ɻĹ
뵽ſھߵЩöԼſھҪֱͳľ˷ӡ
ۼҲţЩȻĶֻǹĶ
ֻǣô̧ۿŹǲףǴѧЩ
Թʮ˽⣬ɣЩԭͲӦһͨС˽ģοôʱѧ̶ȣǴѧģ
üͷţЩɻ
ɫüͷøŤͷٶȿһ㣡
·˺һˣ˱
㻹ٶˡ
·


96

96
Ĺ, ֱȴѾϷ룬һֽһ֡
еġҩ, ԭӦֻһʼ²ۣġϴ赤ʱһһ̧ż۸, ؼǣĿǰҪӼ۵˺, ϸһ£ûһǼ򵥵ġ
ԹȺֻԼĴѾ, Զװ¶Է
˶Ѿɵ ͷһõ㻹ܿĽSϻ, ǽۣʮλһ̨һ̨ġ
ǽ֮еۡ
ǽ׶ǲģ֪, ǻ, ǽͨġҩ衱, Ҳһ䡣
, Ӧø׼ȷ˵, Ӳ䡣
ϳ, ȻؼǮ, ˭ۣؼҶٶȼӼۡ
ǰؼң˽Ӽ۵ƵʿҲ͡
Ǽҽҩ˾쵽˰ɣ
ʦЭҽҩЭǮõֶѣǻȱ𣿡
ǸүȻǵһ֡ǻۣȴһȺѹˡ
үӻڳ۵ĺðүүԩ
˿Ц֣ȴûǸЦ֡
˶ŭĿԣʱһѾѣͬ£ͬţֻǾ֡
߼ʲô˼𣿡
㿴⻰˵ģҸ߼ôͲˣүЦһϲ治𣿡
ֻǸŴմ֣Ҳûָĵֻ£ļѼ٣ŵʱֻѼһΡ
˵ȷⶫǸЦҲܲմְɣ
ƽүӿ˿Χ˿Цۣ Ҳõ࣬ûǮ죬˵֪ҼС츳ãⲻҲܳҲҪ취ﺢ츳 
ʦЭܺεûйϵɣǱоŭ
ʦЭǱҲǲˣôָڡȾ¹ʱǿɲô˵ġⶫԺֱ͡䡯ֱӹϵǻܲˣ
үӣﶫѾ࣬㻹ô
үmmpʮöŶ衱͹û䣬ͱϷ꣬ҪſϣӲһֻµڶûǶʲôӣӱҶ˵ˣҸɵ ҲߵģTMҲ֪
ո֪ôôͺǣȻԼȥЩûºǺϰ˰ɣƽүֺǺǡ
һ̣עϡ
үˣҲںˣհص ˵
ҽҩЭˣɲǣǮƣҲһڱصáĲǰؼ˭
үӣָŲʲôؼûиϵ
үԼλã䲻˭֪ǲǸЩʿһڡԵ
ЦһɨǱߵһȺˣ⣬˵ӻҲֻܵأ
һ˲䣬ﲻ˶ͬʱӣԼĴڸо͵ޡ
һСٵڡ
·䲻ү鲻ã˭⡣
һ˲תעһοԱߵĸүӡ
ү˸ʲôҿǸʲôˣû
ݺݵ˰үһۡ
˲ҪȻܴﵽհصǸϲҲǲˣ
ûҰ·ȻѾʼȸ״ˡ
ȻףհصǵҪҰ·Ҫ·档Ͼֱ̨ܲܿȫڰ·Ҳû뵽հصľȻΪǿˮ
ôŶûã¹˭Ūߵģܹ
ҽҩЭǱߵĸʲôܣҪ
оĥôˣûУһչûУôôչ
õܷӳã취о֧Ԯ
һȺ˳һţõľǸһ
ҽҩЭǱ߱ӲǱӣɫ̧ۡ 
үӹŲӣ첱ӴֵĿۡ
ʦЭ鶼ûиſ 
ƽүЦеļǣүŶȵһ㶼ЦŨ
үӳǱǷ˶Ǯһĵļӡ
ҽҩЭǱֱ߲ӿ޳ˣTMǮõ㣬˭ܸȰؼңүӣƽ⼸ϱȣ
ŶԶߵĻһӱҲûа۵ڲۡ
ҽҩЭ˲ֱӹˣһ̣˶ˣҽҩЭһѾۿ޵Ľˡ
ǣ˵ɱүԸ߼ߡ
ǡүŪߡ
һ־ôɢǣڷ˿˵ֲŸոտʼ
罻Ѱϻڲȶȣ֮ǰ˵׬Ǯڲ֪ʲô棬ǽǮ
ĵõļ۸ʮ飬ǾԼǶһ0
һſ

˾ϲѣһߵĵӱϵ˰··
·һۣͨѶſڵѾȫĻ׷ſɹһһſڵϣиˣÿúѵ
ԼΪ΢΢ɬ ɫ֣ӻײ߳
ʶֿ˹һۡ
ֻƾŹһԼ϶ûа취չô٣⼸Ĺ۲һӦܵĵ̡
Ҳͦ죬ϴοһڣҲһʱ䣬ôʱ䣬ȻĽ
δΪҲͨA۷ʲôһȴôʱ䡣
ĿŰ·ҲҪһԡ
׺ͿȫֿͬƣȻǿȴʮ㣬дĸùϡ
·ɫʱ⡱һ£ۿŹҪֱȥһԼо·Ͻڵӱ㡣
Ը߼۸ٺһݡϴ赤·Ƴһ۵Ǹף£ڹ͹һǰԼΪ涪ˡѾЩŲסҲֲ׼᲻ȹһҪǿһ㡣
һ¡
һѾӻ̽ͷȻĥÿˣ۾ȴü⣬Ůս񣿣
ˣȾ޲һߣ㣬ҲҪȥ·ȻͬģһȻҲûʲôǡ
Ȼ֮󣬵ӱѾ˵һߣǣĴ˵˲ٵġ
ԵӱǾǳݲѵġ
ֻǣŤͷǵù˵ϴ赤ԳˣʹˣЧرá
Ҳ ԳۼƵ֣ЧҲ̫áϴ赤Ĺؼϴ跥ǣ츳Щ˷ѡ
·ҡͷиӣ͹һͬ䣬ԳͱٱʮСģùġŶ衯ЧǳãҲΪġ˵͹ 
Լ˻ͻȻõ㣬ʶ̿ˮܻܲ󣿡
·һ£ţ
ҩķֱ֧ܲ۾΢
гԭǲܹģұ޷ֱӹУͦġĿҪһʯʯ
·ֱӴӱӦˣ֪ͨ
ͷ
ӱĸг⣬һˣֻлͰһһ̨׶ûдԼķɴׯ԰֮⡣ 
ֱӲ߽ġ
ֻǣ֮󣬿Ű·ߵǽˣٿ·һ˵һ仰
ֻһ䡰Цɤû³
лͰһĿŹһһ
һŷֶ澹ȻԼߵͬѧлͰ
˿Լҵܵܣֿ˿͹һͬһ䣬ɫ΢΢ЩƣͷʮСҲЩò̫ζŵӱҪһ𣿡


97


·һ
ӱ˶, ɵɵĿǰδŮӡ
˻Ťͷ˰·
·ͷ
Ѿüʵӱ, ûǮˣҪҸ㽵ۣ
Ҫڵİ·
ӱ
ԱߵĹһ/лͰ
һ۵ĿһٿлͰ·лͰǹһͬѧķݶ, Ҹ㡭۰ɡ
·ˣ
һǳ˳飬ʵڲ, ǵ￴ӱȱǮˣ
лͰһ, ָָԼָָ, ָָԱߵĹһɵĿŹһ, ǲӦõøм㣿
һ, ǳ鴤⻰˵, л
Ͼ, زūԸ, ۡ¶, ǲסҪ˵лͰӦøлɣ
·Ա߸ɿһ, õ㣬ǡ
ӱԱһ£ĻҲų鴤һ¡ԭδŮҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôźáӦ˵Լȷʵõ࣬թӦùְ·
ȴˣ۾ŵӱõܶࣿ
ӱ
Ťͷ˿·Զ˶٣ſھ˵ȷʵȱõ㡣
Цеģ㣬ӣҶκã
ֻҪõ㹻࣬ñ¹ɶⶼ󣬸ο⻹ֻħôһС¶
ֱ΢΢һһöͳ˳ȥϴ赤ҪģǣлͰ״̬ҪȥȾ⡮ϴ赤Чá
ӱĿڹеĶϣһ㶡
ӽŵڣʼ޷ţĶȻһŮӵСǣôɵľ͸
˵˵û
ûзӦü΢΢Ҫҵġϴ赤ͨġεã
εӱȷʵˣԣȻֻܸѧһ䡣
·һۡ
ͷ㣬ϴ赤ϴ跧ǣ츳ǡȴҪ˷ѣҲ̫ˡ
ӱ
·ˣ
е˷ѣǿԴﵽЧġӡ
ڹ˵ЩȻǡ˷ѡ
˵꣬۾ԣε
һʼġŶ衱աεЧҩģģӦáε
ӱҲˣҪʵǡε΢һ䷽רעšħӦûгɣ
ٿӱʱ۾ˣ
ӱеżûһһӱ֣Ѿʧȥеľ𣿶ң˶֪ӱΪԲ˳һߡ
ֻҪѵӱ׾Ⱥãǣġơ
ϵЦҲøˣβΣ
׻ǳһûаǾ䡰ۡĻ˵ڡ
ţǡơҲۡϾ·˵ˣӱԼõ㣬ȱǮ
ӱɤƵЩſڣû˵һ仰ȻǾôԼлͰˣ㣬𣿡
⻰Ȼʹһġ
ԣһʱˣڻ㣡ҽ㵱Ȼԣҽô˵ʲôȻǿʲôΪҽҪ𣿺ߣҪҽ㣬ϴγ¾Ѿˣ
ȻɹǣҲԲɺڮ㡣ͬѧлͰҲ˿⡣
лͰһ⻰࣬ϴΣȷʵΪ˹ҩżһңʱ䣬ԵġŶ衱ЧҲķǳá
ɣ̲סȥ˿һĽ㣬ôᣬôС͸ӣĶȻģ
һĿ˹һû뵽һȻôά
һôһҲ塱һȫˣŽ͵Ŀڣ㣬
ü΢΢Ҿû뵽㾹Ȼôҵġ
һˣҲûбһ仰
ԴЦ⣬Һ⡣
ĵܵܣӦöţ°΢̧ӱԣβΣ 
ӱ˶٣򹮷˵һ֣ Σ
㣬ǰδС޷ʲôģǣ˰·Ű·
ң˿ڹϿ԰ᣬƸܺⶫҹǣ⡰ϴ赤Ŷ衱ЩĴڣԭһ֡漣һĶ
Թֻš
˿һֿ˿·һ һóͬѧԣ·ҽæ
ǰ䣬һһ˫ӵɵϴ᲻ã䣬ôŰ·ʮ֡˳ӡվ͡ȥлͰڣһʶǳ鴤һ¡
²ֹǣκһվֻҪǿһĻֻ¶ΪԼϹۡ
·Ȼô˺ȥĲǲ
ؼǿûʲôɫӱ뵽ƽھɣûסƤ˳
ûô࣬һȻڡɡκΰ·ڡүͷԡҩᴿ£ɲʵġ
·ǰ㶼áίôָӣô
һСҩģʹһٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽɾԼĿҲԽԽӦ֡
ŷ֣һ֡˺á
̽飬и֪ȣǿһ硣
ǿֻʼûҵʽԼɳ·Ѿĸǰ˵ĻɴʱȻȷˡ
ֻ΢΢˶٣͸ոպ÷֣ŵϵı龹һʱһģһѧϰϵӦרעʲôʱգ
·Źܾ仰ԼҲЩ죬·Ӧʲôʱ˵
ǽ⡰ʦͷʮֵλ
̧ͷȥЩ顣Ͼ԰·⡰츳ˮƽѾЩĻˡǣȻҲܾôˣɿһŬԼɫ֣㻹ҪҪѧûһ̬ȣ
·ֿ˹һۣһһ㶼ȷһϿεʱӦû˵һ䡣
Ȼ·ȴûзɡ˳ͷһμʼϰ
Ϊѧͽ̬ȻҪģǡ·һοһҩģѧͽãԼǧǰһֱҲӦõ
׼һ˿ӱԼôһż񣬻ѹԼĲᣬÿӦġ⡱͡㶹ƶ˳
ֻǶóӳлͰ񣬶ʱݵ԰ҽģ㳢
лͰȻǲ֣һھͱڸкζһˣǲִ࣬棬лͰ᲻ȥ
һ°͵Ļøˡ
ԱߵǵӱζζʶȡһϤζڿǻ֮赸ӱĵһӦιӵľȻǣǸƭ֣Ҳĺˡ
лҪ˵ҽһô磡ұûҡ

98

98
, ˼ɣϲʶԭڵڵʱ, ϲֺڡ
ڵڣ˳ǣʦȴԶǰ߹·, ƱƳĵҲԶֻǡ˵, ˮߡ
ֻԼġ֢ҩ
, 磬˶ǰ˵Ϊ١
Ϊ, 磬ЩȱĵҩѾʮֳ֡˷棬ӷʹõ, ʲôʱĶС
ν¡, ֻǡ֡
ܹƳƷ׼ĵҩѾûУڶѾ˷, ˮƽĵҩʦĿꡣ
Сҵ, , Щ, ⡰ҵȻĽ
ʱŸʦĳЩ
·ҩһһͶ뵽¯εһ, ڶǡĵԭǡŶ桱͡衱档
ҲڿʼͨʦƵģֻǣԭĻЩĸı  
磬еЧԡ
ûһʧ¯ҩɵĸ죬ҳ֮ǰװŶ衱ƿӣһһװ˽ȥ
һö£һҩ֮ã·¼Ǹһȥ
Ͼôõ ĺңϣܶġѹեһ°·Ȼøɾҩָо̫ˬˡ
·ôһ˲ЩԼǲֻǸѧͽ
һ𡣡
ȥ֮ǰ΢΢·רڡȾĵҩǵӱֶƣãӦÿʲô۸񣿡
ЧԴﵽôˮƽ·ʣҲشˡ
ĥһ£ǡŶ衯ʮ࣬רȾģЧȡϴ赤ҪáǣݡЧ̫ǿҲ޷츳⡣
·ŵֶ΢΢ġ
ڿʱ΢΢ɣԭʲô£Ϊѣʱ֪ڸ
Ҳ֪ǲ⡰Ρʵֵ̫죬һӦȻǾϢȻǾáơáҾáʡ
ô꣬ôŬôô취󣬾Ȼһʽչǰ
֪ǿޣЦ
ǵ⹫游ѣġʦΪԶŻĳЩĶǸһơȾΨһ취Ҫ룬ȴʧ١
׷ٹȥȴһֻSSSĳȥ·زȥ۶
ұ̫ϣˣȻôһ塱ˡ
㶣һͻȻʣص۶𣿡
ͷû̧ҪһΣǲźûص۶
·Ȼǵһʱ͸Ի·Ǽ󿼵ѧ
ôָܷ·δϸеѧ
Ųһ٣־òԣ˰·㲻ͿԻص۶𣿡
ΪʲôҪȣҪĥ£ҪҪõܻȥ£
ôһ˲·Լôһ£ȻзӦȻһӦǱģǸŹԻ·
·
ǣƺһ㣿·ʵ
ɸոãֿ˿Լôһ԰ӣҩԺӣЩ᲻ãĸʳʵ̫ˡ
Űµʱ䣬һ߲˾ѾˣЩʳĿٵõ㡣
Ҫǻ˵۶˵۶ϵضǴ𣬿̫
˶٣Ҳص۶
һֱ׳ĵһص۶ϵʲôܺá
·
˵⻰Ƕûмˣ۶ϵһȾطͽһ룡ƾһ㣬Ѿ㹻˶Ե۶֮ء
˵۶ϵõĽҽơ˲ŵȵԴ
ɣ·Źĥһ⣬չʵԡȾûа㵣ǡڽȻûȥѧ˼ҽ⡭·ŹеĲƿȻЩԶԡ
һպҲҪõĽõĴѧҲڵ۶ѵ㲻ȥһ£
ûн磬·˺֮һȥһˡ
·˶٣ӦȿԼİΣĸ׺⹫ڣǶͬ⡣
彲ҶҲҪһҡһʮҪһ㣬·ǲ֪ʲô
չʰʵ·£ԭôܱĵطֻǣδЩ̫Ȳ·ûԭҲ
Ѿ˽е飬ǣĿǰûн·üͷš
ȷʵҪȥһ˵۶ϵǣѧҲǳӣ˶٣ֻǲ֪λ̫̫ûнһĴ㣬ҪУ˵лֱũǽ³׽
ȥ۶˷ʱ䣬£µ
߳һջһöʡԵܡһöлͰ۾ǷŹĿŹٿһʱ˼Ƿζġ
ôôõһ㣿
ôôô࣬ôġҩҪǣôôôóԵĵģ
˫Ӽֱǵһģ㣬ôôóԣô㣬ôζôƯĵģ
ҽ㣡һһлͰڡȡΪʮֿϡ
ҲϴЩϲãлͰҲͣ⺢ǰ;۹⡣
ֻǣôһѣҲ˵£񡭡ֱǵˡ
Ͻͷϵġε͡ĵݸ˵ĵӱлͰһһƿҿЧͿԷáϴ赤ǣȳţҿЧڿҪҩ
Ȼƿӿ׼ˣȻеζֻڰ·ڲ׵ġʳĻȴһӳϣ
Ǹ͡Ŷ衱һģһƿӣɸɬɬĵһлл
Щż˿ּлõ˾СоģԻ֪ôۺʣ㿴ŸС
ӱոյһٷֵΣһ˲Ĺ򣬿һС롣
ЧӦǲģȳţЧãٰʣǰ¯ӵҩۡ
Ӧáӱʣµǵ֡ѡһ¿һС룬Ҳʶĳ鴤һ¡
ŴҴҿʼ̳ǿʼ˿лͰ۶ǳݣһԣ
Ժ£ǣӱ䣬ʶľ͸Լӣſھͻظá
õ˹˵ſʼʳģЩõĽЩʳĵĽԱȣţžò
һ죬εϣȵͷ˵ˣϲʾ


99

99
ͨѶʱ, ˶ܡ
վǵȣҲǹĿĵ, һ˵ҲڱϣĵȡΪûֱԤĻͲֱ
ңֱ䣬ǼֱһΡûʲôĿ, ûʲô̫ϣ, ȻҲʧ
һβһλǰ˵˵, ֱ⼸쾡쿪ÿʳֱ, Ϊ
ԣţŵǸͲһˡ
˭֪, һ, һֱʱˣֱ侹ȻҲûгһ, ʱ˼ˡ
΢˿, ߵȳ, ӡ
һԼ, ҲֱֵǰŶȥ
ҲǸһ˼ֵĸпڲ֪λ󵽵жʴȡ
Ͷ, ߵˣֱ˸ʲô˼Цʴȣ
ٶҪըˣһ磬ôֱӵȵϣȵûлͷˣûеȵλ˶ɵĻ
ֱĥ
ĥ
ֱĿҪλ֪ϾζôڶӶ̶ֳȣ
ҪĶͨʳĶҲǲǿܡǣ֪ζңҲԲȥĶˡ
ǰ䣬ֵԣϾҲô뷨֮󣬶ʱЦһϵõʳģȻȤǾˡ
ٶʱɫһ䣬Ťͷһ˲͸ĿڣŪģ
ϴεȻġЦһô
ʳĴﵽٷ֮ʮңټ λسʦַҲһԣԼǷ
϶Цϵλũģڹ
ӹùѵζȻλʲôسʦĺöǣǶ˭֪ղܳһΣڣʲôʱλˣҲδزܡ
Ҫָһ㣬ֻðԼˡ
ָģǵÿƤµģ硭
Ȼˮƽһ㣬츳ңϵؼǣȻҵⶥֵĶʳġ
ֻҪ㹻õʳģöλسʦѧһʱ䣬˵Ҳе㡭Եأ
ֻǣٻǺɻһλǴͻȻ֣ôʳԡ±ˮ㶹һ仰ֱӴϵǧĻۡ
־Ȼ桱ġ鵤ҩֱӽǧ޷ġ⡱
һߣҵҲڿᣬ԰ɫ΢΢ЩţǱ飬һ³֣пܾͳˡ
ףѾ粨ˡ
һۣѾˣĻᡣ
ףϻϣ԰̲סȰתͱȽ磬ǻһЩҵĿǰţϣģҲ١
ǿһۣûпڡ
ǲǸ˵ϵĸ׿ˣˡ
ֻһ֣Ϊû㡣
ʣµһõ㣬ʲô
Σöϴɼǧ꣬ޱ飬ֱӵԼһӣȥҪ¶ʲôѱõ㲻⡣
ãֱĶǲģȫһ£ʡ
һۣǲģǼٵġ
ȫ˵ϿܴĶֱȫġȾ
ȫ˶٣һԱߵĶ԰ܡ
԰θ֣Ѿ֪ˣĸ߲㶼ģؼңӱ߼ңүӡǶˣⲻܣ
Ȼܡվǣܴÿһ𣿡
԰һ㶡
ЦһʲôŶ衯֪ʲôΥƷŮòϵı仯Ȼô޴š
ǡϴ赤ֱǻĵ
ǶЧ˭֤
԰ףˣѾħˣѾϣϲ˶ѾšⶫǼٵ
ЧֱҲãʵݷҲãֻ֤Ҫϲͬ淢ϢϿЧ֤
ԭ͵˶Էٵ˵ֻ²֪ɵʲôӡ
򻺻߳鷿ȴֱ飿ݣǺ˵޷ݼԼϵģ𣿡
԰ף˵˵ҵֱӹ10%ȾΧڵʳأ
˵ѾԹᡮȾ״̬ҩأ
ֻ˭ZFֻôѡ񣿡
԰ˡ
ȫŶ뿪Ŷ԰Ц磬ϴεΪϻһ
ڣΨһĻᣬ㻹Ҫ 
԰˶٣öû˵껰
罻֣Ҳʱ򣬶Է˿ʼˡ
ʲôֱ䣬һٶԶš
Ҳֱʲô˵ĵطǣҲʵˡ
ߵ£ֱ޷̽ķЩ 
Ǹߵǣʲôϴ赤 Ŷ衯һʼ죬VʲôֶΣĶǾȻˣ
أʲôϢȴųô˵Ķˣ²Ǹɵˡ

ϢԽԽ࣬ǸɵӣҲ֪ǳ⣬ǣһһƹõ̫࣬˵עһεĹע˹
ȻЩģˮʵǿòٽûеȵϢģģʼûнģһﶼֹ
ǶûۼЩʳûгԹʲô˵֮еġҩϾֱҪֽţֱǼ򵥵¡
ͳȥĶǾ͸ֽˡ
ԣʱ䣬ֱĶҲãǸ̳ĶҲգֻǱɵ־磬ûκ֤
ʲôʳʳ˭֪ôΨһԵģҲֻСũšС֣èɾͶˡ
Щֱǻĵġ鵤ҩԽȫƣô족ķʽƣԽš

̲ס̾ҪԼԲԹЩҶˡ
һۣʱֳ۶ӣΪʲô
һ룬ͨѶܣעһӾĿת˹
ʲôĿģʲô֣ܹҪеġ˿罻Ѿһ֪ΪʲôֱżȻԭǵ⾹Ȼһû˸ɸɾ
ģȻֻʣ¶ֱڴ
Ҳ֪죬λسʦʲôʳ᲻ʲôʵĶ
лҪ˵˵еġ
ǸҲİˣԲôţ϶Ϊ

100

100
ʲôͻȻ㣡
ŷ, ôʱ䣬ȻûгԹһ㡣
, Ԥ涼ųȥˣ̳ǶûҵġΨһģҲǹ㣬Լ۱ȷǳ͡
㻹, žû⣬ǱŰ֡
û, ϺзҲȫûС

ôʱ䣬һֱûרȥѰ, Ȼ죬ʱŷ⡣
һ±, ôôϸۿڸУôζĶ, , ôܲأ
·Ѿܹ̬, Ϊüͷ, , ô
ôû˶ôһ˲㶡
, 㣬зư
˶٣Ҳ, ƬҲУ㡭
˵˵ſˮҪˡ
ĿŹǹ˵ʲô޷Ļһ
лͰʿˮһֵĿԼߵĹһеҪջظո˵ĻȻĵĺܺóԣǣҲܿ¡ 
㣬ôܳأ
ӱҲôһ˲ǳ˳
·һĸ͹ˮȾأˮȾأľӶ࣬ζҲԭζʦЭǱ߼ⶫΪʳƷԣѾʳĵ
⸽һӡ·Ҫȥץ𣿡
̬̹Ȼ鶼û˿仯ӣ˵ûκһʵϣ˵⻰ʱԱߵлͰ۾ֱӵɵˡ
ʵҲķҪⲻɣǣʱ򣬲ҲνǣպԵʱ򣬳Բеץӷˡ
ǣȥɡʡ
һνһС档磬㵽ﵽܱôζڡʳһϣԲκΪڣ˿ܡ
ֻǣ˻ԼеĹԣ罻Ѿˣҿܶ˶ȵòͷˡ
ò׷Ԥ棬Ҫٵһʱ䣬ֻǶҪˡ
Ҫգпֱ˵ȵòͷͲҪû˿˵ˣֱֲǮֱֱ֮Ǯ
µģһ㶼ǡΡ־Ӷ࣬Ըǰ׿ 
ǣ⼸ողСķŹһθӣͦھεģ챾ҲѾͦʱӵãҪȥҲЩ̫˼Ͼ˻ǺܿɰģʺƨûǺġ
Ǿʹһֱץɡ պã˲㣬Ϻз 
Ҳͦϧģץ㡢⿪ʼաԺ·ܽƵķȥĳʦ˵ҲԿʼʳá
ʱҲͲԼץ˰ɣ
Ե˶ˣ̳ȻȻ˻ۣ
ң㣬ϺзǵҪץŸ㲻ǣ
һ۾΢΢һץ
պ˻ײôõĻᣬǰ֣Ȼǲܴ
лͰʹקŹһ㣬Ҫ㣿
ֱһӣ۶һѾӣǸζ
ھʵһ켣Ǳ߲ʲôʵ鶼Ҳʵ飬ΨһⱲӶ˵ģǡ㡱
֡ȡֱܽ˶֡ȡԸȾһֻǽʵһˣ֡ȡζ˶Ⱦˡ
ʵҳ֮ݺϴ˸裬ֻ·Ÿо΢һ㡣
ҪǳԽ
ʶˡʿˮǻ᲻ֱﵽġȡ
ԣĶô˳ԵýӣŨŨľܾãֶôҲԲ 
Ͻȥ裬ӱȴôŰ·Ѿ˹ĽŲֱӽԼġ׿ۡǻҪŹһҪȥץ˼
ӱҲֻܸˡĿڹϣڹǰŮӣҲС塱ĺġ
·Ļûа񶨵˼ҪһԼ̬
Ȼ֪ϴ赤ЧǣѾ֪ǡŶ衱͡ ˵ЧǾԡ족Ĵڡ
ʳֱҲȷʵǹڲ
ûκʸȥɹľֻ²⣬ĸǿ 
ͷ˿Լƿӣһһö
лͰò׷裬裬˵һ㡭
û˵꣬ﱻʲôлͰһҭѾ˳ɤӻȥлͰ
һɤӣѾмһ˲䣬Ѿܵ˻ɵĸо
һ˲ȥ
ûڣӱѾǰ˹һǡ
ׯ԰ԱߵȷһӣҲͨˮԴׯ԰ǣˮԴתũʹöҪ㴦
Ȼׯ԰ûĵǺ鷳
Ǽںӱߵʱ򣬾ֱӿֱ䡣
ֱѾˣѾ˳ˡ
Ƴһ۵Ļ򣬵ûж˵ʲô
ֱ֮󣬵Ļʱ˻磬һ±ƣֱֽ䣿
ҪǿҶΪԼߴֱ䡣
ǺӱߣҪʲô
ףʲô£ʶ𣿡
˿Ҳ֮ǰȺӣô׵Ĵߣڮ٣ջ𣬵ǣؼʱ̣ôΪȺң˷ǵĹؼʱ
ʳĹؼĶǲ˷ʱ;
ȺҲ䣿
ֻǣֱ֮˻һ±ƵģҲ֪ô£أʳأʳأ
Ӵ˿·ȺӻڱQȡ衱
ֱһ㿴ҲûˣǺǣ֪Լζ⣬Ҽˣ
֪Ҫ°ɣ±ץŰѱҼ˰ɣҲǣû汾£ȻҼˡ
ٵľǼٵġ

ˮķȻԸӲȴûмˣ˿Ҳã·Ҳգ˵עֱֻ伴ֵʳϡ
ˮ˵ЩʲôѾЩҩﲻ˵֮еЧǣʳȷʵʳ
ƳһֱЩԣɫ֮һ仯ûС
ЩڮٵĻûκκӰ죬еЦ
Ͼĺϣ൱˻Ǯڸȶȡ
һֱ̧ӵ㡣
û򵽣Լץ˳ҽһ£ЩʲôȽʺϳԣζΡ
˵꣬°ͳŹһ̧̧
һ˻棬ͳźȥˣײºץ㡣
ץ㻹ҪĴһ
ɹһѾˮҲͲ˵ˡ
ΪոյĻ˵ڣֱһʮֹļž
¹Ƿ˿ǺӣоԼǲˡ
ʲô
㣿
Ļþúþòһżѵѯʣʲô
˲ΡΡĴһ֣㣿


101

101
һڳѵÿռĻ, ôһСʱļž
漴ͱ˼ǿĵĻۡ
ʲôЦôǳ㣿
Цһ㶼Ц, ʲôܣ㣿
Ҫ˵Ӧʲô֣ǽ쵽Ҫʲôѽ
з˿ʼ﹮ͣʼѡ
ں, ˮԭõʱʤ׷Ϊڳʦ˵, ԭһһ⡣
Ȼʱ, ȻûһܷӦϾ, ˵⼸ǲܵ°
ôгʦҪأҪֱ㣿Լĳò죬ף
Щˮͺ, Ӳǰ춼ûзӦ, ûץסᡣ
Ƿ˿ԼڿЩϢ֮͵͵һ, ǡ˵, ΪʲôҪˮץ
ʲôҪ, ʲôͺóԣ
𣿡

˿Ǻð˵, ڷӦ˹Ҳһ˳, ۰Ͱ͵ĿֱͿˣΪͷֶΡ
ǷȾǿĵطʳǡıƺҲΪֱʵԳۣԣǲôƭˣ
ô׵¾ȻҲ˵ó
ЩԲз۲Ҫϴˣȡǻȡ裬ںԡ
˵Ľ0ȾʳʵأһʼõΣյʳģھȻ㡣һ޴ƭ֡
˵ƭ֣Ҳʵ̫low̫ˣȻûţ
ǾͿ㻹Ҫôƭˣ
֪ʲôΥƷЩȻֱӺԼǽ0ȾǿЦ

˿Ҳʾһǰֱӳ㣬ƭʲôõ𣿡
ô˶ƷζҲƭ
ԣһƭˣ

ɣһͨʳģ⻹˵ʳı㣬ƺôô֣ôôˡ
Ҳüͷ˵Ŀ𣿡
㵽жȣ಻ʺ⿣Ȧڼÿһ˶ֻ֪ǣһҪıһ۵λسʦԣ˶˼ɻ
üͷýģ˵λԼֳģһšǡ
ʦЭᣬԼʳȦ˶ͬһ뷨ⶫλʦԼģֳģŵġ
ΪԷгֲʳһˮƽġȾǣǣλֱѡںӱֱֳץ㣬ƺҪֱЩʳ
۶ǱߵĻ˶˳ʦЭλ
κһˣҶֱݡơǣһλģ漣𣿡
ɫ죬һ侹Ȼ޷ΪǲƷԹˡ
ÿһδǱ߳Ķﵽ޷ŵĵȾˮƽ
һʼֲ²⣬һλоֲֳⷽȾʳġڶλַЩʳĽСŶλġŶ衱˵һ㣬Ĳǲܡ
ɣ˵жϣһ㣬ʵ̫ˡԣڴ֮ǰһϿǰһֿܡ
ǽ졭˵ĿⶼֱڣҲû˵Ϳȷλʲôֶˡ
ټĻһƬž˶ĬֻмɫǺܺÿ໥һۣȴʲôû˵
ֱôŹǸӴֱ׾Ļףˮ˰죬ҲûŪһ㣬һһѾ
ɲǱ׾
Ǹպÿ˹񣬹һһֱһǹȥˮը˲䷭㡣
Ѫȡζһ˲䷭ӿֱΪվֵĵطΪҪʳֱԽζȿǿ̶ȣʱŨŨһȳֱӣһӷ˹ȥ
˶˲һףΪ״̬ѣֱӱֱֱֱ䡣
ֱˣ
ֱڣǹζһӿ˵ˮշӿӱӦֱ굽һ棬·һʱͳ˻ף͹ǰ档
ֻʣ±лͰһУֱһ˲˶ˣǹŨŨζûˣһ𣿡
ĬĬ˹һһۣȻֱߡ
˳㿴ߵлͰܺõסԼǵָ˸ֱͷĵطлͰú˸裬һȥ۾ŸһתһȦֽɡ
ŤͷһԲίָĹһŹһϴգָԶԶķ򣬡Լȥϴô
һޡ
У飬һٱ飬úĥһӡ˵ʲôһ䡣
·΢΢һ㻡ȿȥ쿪ʼѵ÷
ôˮƽٿ߻㶼ץȥ֮ᶪӡ
һĿ
׻һŨŨζ
Ȼ׵ܷԷǳãܻƺԼҲŨŨȳζһͷˮҾ빮̫͵͵ȥһ㡣
ʱлͰ˻µ״̬ܵ±ƣǻֱɵۣð춼Ӧ
裬Լš
ӱҲûӦŹǰ춼û˵һ֡
֪ģҪأֶΣҪ档
ڣһʼԼӵǵھΣһȫˡ
ֱ˲κ˸Ӧ˶µġ 
ȻֱѾλãԺһŨŨζɫɷɷ׵ģˡ
Ǿܾʳʳ
ĲԱΪʳ
55555ǣҪˣѾҪѵ֭³ˡ
Źǰɡ
˿ǶˣôǿôִŵΣڸոһ˲Ҳõøɸɾ׵˰
Ȼĺܺóԣǣ˻һֿڹ뷨ǾǣʳĸǡȾʳġ
֮ǰλͳȥʳҲ˵һ㣬ÿһʳԵýܷ
ȻǶλĺΣʳϲǣġ޷ܡࡱʳ
һ˿ԵĻǺˮἸɫɷףϲᣡᣡˣ
ֱԣ
ֱǡ
ģ𾪵ȸӿȻв˱˱ƣֱӱֱǿ˳ȥ
ʣµ˷Ļǡıƺ
䱻ƺΪʦ
ȡ裡ıƺ
ʳȦҪʳȦ

˿·ǸϽ࣬Ӳһ˲䱻ȺӺˮĻ
·üͷ΢΢һ壬־Ϳʼ̻һһ֣Ȥڴ
ӱ˿ޱ鱳˵⻰İ·ǳ˳Ҳ˴͡
δ۵¶˵̫磬ϵǶˣ


102

żʮ޴ֱ̻ռ, ӱǾ仰ϵ𣿡
𣿣
û
иոձ, һ˲䶼Ӧ˹һž
ôλ֮ǰôǣ˵ģ
֮ǰ˭ʳֵζ
֮ǰ, ˭šࡱζ, ɿڣ
֮ǰ˭һ˿һ仰, ֱӻϼţ
֮ǰ
Ѿô漣λûȫ֮, ʱⷭ
ֱķ˿һʱ֮侹Ȼǲ֪˵ʲôźáǺǣôһ˲, ϶з, ·ԼЩ˲䡣
Ǹ޴ɫɷףһ޴̻ɢʱ, Ƿ׷װԼ˸ϴ͡
ҶǸһmmpүɫ, ˶ήҲ, ֪ΪôĲʹ
ˮƽٿػף˭tm̳ģүֱ
ô, ǾʽףƽүӺɵĿһ۸үӡ
Ȼоãã, ǺǱߣÿһ̨׵Ľмѭġңʽ׷ŵò֣Ĳࡣ
ǣõһģġ
ȻҲбϵͳģĺۼҵ˶˭ôⶼ
⻰һ˶˸үӡ
ﶼŨŨĻɣ캰Լʲô֪˭ҲʶɶҲûУԼ˶ڶԷǱߣõĶǾʽˣ
Բۣոģ㻹ҪҪǵ˶˼ˣ˵ɶҲ֪˭أ
үؿһѪ³ôһӣ˦ͷˣֱ콵ڹ
ʽôֻоУѧУҽԺ
û˵꣬Ա߾ЦһѧУǾУҽԺǾҽԺô㻹Ҫ˵ǴӺߵģҪ˵Ʒ̰ۣУ
tmĴˡ
үӲ㱻ˣ˰죬뵽һܣŤͷ˰үӣײġ
үЦһô˽
У쿪ʼؼҿʼԲ飬ʡṩƷүЦϱΪոյζÿһЦˡ
үӣmmp
춼ڰؼУؼ쿪ʼˣ͵̨
̫tmҪˣ
ֲ˵ؼ⣬ֻҪһһæֵѣհصô̫tmҪ˰
ƫƫݣҪ̣Ҳ˼˵ǰؼлȨ㿴ʲô͵ġǾòһ¡
үƳһۣЦһ
үӣ
˵עתƹүӲŶ˶ٿڣ̶ȣȣһˮƽ¿ʽףĿǰ·ĵطࡣ
һֿ˸үӡ
үӣmmpˡ
Ĳ뱳ǣĸ˵͵ģ
ʵһԲ۶ˡ
ʱ˶˵ˣֻÿ˿үӵ񶼱⡣
ʲôͺ˵ˡ
ǸүӾǰүתһ»⣬ţطʵڻˣոճֵ࣬ǲǿԷжһ£ŷΧ
һ
ʱֱһοʼ˵ˡ໥һۣһעתƵֱ档
ЩĻЩԣɫ㲻䣬ֻǿǴƬƬ̻ʱ΢΢УſʼԶſʼǾʳõвݡ㡢ࡢ졢ȵȡʷ׷ݵǰ꣬ϸ壬ҭʳһ޴Ϊ
Ļһ˲ֱˢ˻ȴ˿ôȥ
Ȼÿһ˶Լĸֱ֪ӵ͵ĳ̶ȣǣΪպʳһǵҪվߣʲôš
û¿ʵֻܽţ
šȻҲʲôôʣɲ֪ΪɶԼãͦô£
ʶ˳ʦЭˣվһɫֺѿȴΪþȻǡҷ
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·΢΢죬
ҡҡͷ֦ţȥˮߵһʯͷվţһ߿ʼЬȡ
ӱҲһ㶣лͰԱ͵͵ק·ǡʲô
ӱקԼ·ûдԼĶӣ֪ˣ
һ룬˶֪ˣֻոʯͷ£е֦һӾͶ˳ȥˮ
Ҫǣ֦ݺύʽˮУסһ㡣
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Ȼ࣬ģҲª˲٣ǣǷ֣Ӧþ㣡
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һַ۵۾ǷŹģ˽ˮζƬǴ٣ϸ壡ϼѡ񣡡
ؼǣԣħ죬ûմȾ겻ϸͬʱ˷
ֱ⣬жڻۣôץˣ
ˣǳdɣ׳ƣţ˵ԶŻĺġ

С·ſ˳ѵĴ˿û˵
лͰԱ߻ۣ̫˰ɣ
ӱƳԼûϢĶһۣŹҲͰ·һû˵
ЩеҲʼĻˣλĵ֮ǰͻʵͬѰ֪Բۣ
ץ㲻ѣҲʵǿһǹһһãʵǿģֱ֦һһ׼ǣ廬ʮ㣬̬Ķַʽ˿ƤץסˡҼʶ٣һμ
˸Ҳ˳Գƨûеߣɣʵһ㣬ֽӴЩģȴʵʵЩĬˡ
ȴǼۣ٣ʳ䷽㣡ҪҪضλãʱζȾ
ʼķ㣬۹ճҺϴɾƿǣҪǺɫĤŪƣɸɾİ룬࣬Ĥȴ
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㲻ʺȴǷǳʺϿ㡣
һͨѶһԿ㣬嵥Ѷùӱ߳ԣ
ֱ˿һѵɱ㣬еţ⻰ˣ棬棬㰡

103

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, ôóԵ㣬ôô˷أ
һһгùһҪĶȡǳԿĹ, ùЩɲġ
Ҫ˵ץͷ̫, Ҫʱ䳤˵ֱӿ˾ͳζ϶, õİ취϶Ǽϣ, ȿ֮һһ߳ԡ
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ûȵˮ, ¯Ѿڹ﷭ˣ
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¶һ˿˿źʵ, ¯ǧ꣬ʮֳԣܾþⶫԣζǱһ
ôų⣬ʵʵķѡԼȥ̳ȥһ̨أһڹ̳ǵٶȣܿͿ͵
һǱѾ˷ܵķ𣬾ԼϱմȾǵζѾˣ˳ľ͸ϽؼҵҶˡ
ҵĶ٣мζǹһϲģϴεġͣȻζصǳҲ㣡
һȻʶ뵽ⶫʱз˿Ļ˵ôĺöʲôܲóԣǰɶӦöҲζǳġ
֡ȳڹһķ񶨷Χ
ⷽ治κεΪ㾭֮󣬾ħӡ
һҪҪлͰúÿһ㵽ж
㣬Ǿãȹǽ֮лͰ϶ǸĿڸĵñ˭졣
°΢΢ţǰɱԼĽ͵⡣
žĻܿɹ
ôʱֱڷ˿ҪҫҲûʲô̫塣 
лͰһͬѧǵ۶֮ǰȦӵˣոջɹ㡣
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ѶѾˣǺץģҲƤġ
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һζûУԲۣôģĻԭһƬģʱͻȻ˴ƬƬԡ
ÿһ˶˵һģ࣬ôģʲôûпô˲䶼ûκζĴڣ
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Ҫ⣬ǿʳϣܻɣ´顭ϾڶԷгԹͨ⣬ңЩζҲء
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һ̣νġ⡱ˣǾȻûĻ˵ˡΪǼͷҲ˵ʲôζڵġ
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лͰС岻ã·Ҳڻָ֮Уԣϵʱټ˽
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һлͰлͰԱȽֵֻҩáϴ赤ҲδܴﵽãңӱħѾ裬ӻܼ򵥣ֻԡŶ桰Ҳǲܡ
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ʮǢһߵСȴһˣֱߵŶļԣʲôҡ
ûвһϢ𣿡
˿ϢΨһܲ鵽ľǡũǡ


104

104
ũϵĳƵʿһ㶼, ڣֵ··ˡ
ɫʮֲÿ, ûҵ·
ûУǡǱ߿ź񲻼ˣ֮ǰõ£񶼵ʱ
ɫѿ, Ҫһڰ·ϣ, ·ûˡ
ʵ·ӦҲ֪ϡ˿˿̵ɫ, ΢΢˶٣, ڳ֣ǲҪ̫עȽϺðɣ
ֵ̿һۣû˵
ؼǱҪֽˡ
Ƴһ۶Է, ҵأ
ӡ, Ѿڵ۶
ɫѿ֣ʲôʱ, ͵ˣȥ
Ӧũϵ
һվ, ũϵ, ǺطôԸ һٶǵط¡
ҧг, չļֱǸؼһûп壬ΪǶ˽, ҴҰ˽ӻֱǳ²ࡣ
а·һ㣬ֻ¾ͻֲᷢԡ
Ѿʼƣǻճ𣿡ԵͷҲ֣ʡ
Ѿôʱ䣬ҲڳôԸʹ˰ݡ
˵һֱ֪䣬ǶԷվҲԲ
ȥũϵҵǸ֯ǸˣδɾҲûйϵ
š

ֱոչرգ˿ǾͰ罻һˣ˶ˡ
#ζ#
#˼ζ㼫Ʒ㣡#

Щģ⣬ĥƤӵ½ζȥôɿڡ
Ҫһ㣬ȴǣûгԹ
ȻĹ󣬿ֱԵǰû䵽ʵ۶ǡ䡱ĸо
ȻôҲûá
ֱرգҲԲϡ
Ȼÿһ˶ǣҲʮ֪ÿһǶѧȫظһ飬ҲԷζ
οԷõвϣǻûиġ
ɣˣвٵ죬Ϊֱ׷׿ʼȥץ㣬ɱ㣬ԡ
ڵɶġ˺ǾͲһˡ
ֻǣЩ˿ȶʵ̫󣬶ϺһЩѾ׼õˮڴ֮£òݱܷâ׼õĹЩʱ䣬ʱûֱӷͷϵϢ
ߵĹҲֱܲر֮Щ˿жࡰкŹһץ㡣
һٿҲò̫꿾㣬㣬ƬȵȶЩˡ
ңڼþûгò׳ҲͦȤģлͰԱ߸һȵʣͣıʾǰ·͵ӱ˵˼¡
ɫһץһ㣬һֻϺ
ϺٶССģÿ£ǯӷѣһ衣Ҫǹţֻ¾Ҫֱӽһζˮ
һٿŻףСôɫҲЩˣ⣬⣬Ҳܳԣ=
лͰҲ̲ס췲ϳ۾ĸʲôһ
˳Ѿ󣬱׵ϺҲǸͷ㣬ȥһ˵
лͰԭſھҪ˵ԼҲһ䣬ʱ졣
ɵǽǵ߸̫ԣߵʱûкһζãˣǵýҡ
⸱ҪҲ֪˭ùһñǿ׿
лͰȴǰ첻ãȥʱ򣬻ʮĸһ֣ҪʾҪԼ
лͰȥ֮ͱȥϴˢӱһ䣬һͬѧ
ǰҲǵ۶ģʧ٣־ʹŸСźһԱͻ˫̥ȥ㱻ϳġлͰȻ岻ãӻǱȽϺʹָպõⷽ档
˵һ츳ͬѰѧУҲСһʼһɵֵȫУ֪Ȼ˵Щġ
ӱͷʲô˵
Ҫһ仰лͰԼǡε£۾̲סɴ֣裬˵ҡĿǹһһ
һŻˮ߼ۣȻЩ׾ɣҲ붼ġ
ӱԭûаյģõϴ赤ĿԴﵽԷЧǣ쿴һֿ㣬Լ·Ǹ̬ȣĳȻ 
лͰԴΪϵķȾȻлͰҲԺ͵۶ȺСһ
лͰһ߸ߣӱһĻȥ˯
лͰȥ˯ӱǺܾû鷿ܾûжˣ£ԭΪӦ˯ŵģΪĶ¡
··˵ģһеȵȡ
˭֪ոմͷͱ۾Ͳ˻˯Լǿ־ûпסһѭڴϡ
ԽԽԽԽɣʲô֪Ķɢˡ
תҲûյɬԽԽ
˺þãŷӦЧȻ˾ˣ
Ŷ衱ܸ֮ܵЧģǺԣֲͬһҽԺĲԡ
ǣһöҩȥȻԼֱӸܵȫͬĸܣǼʮĳ⡣ȾѾ峹Ӱˣûиܵˡ
Цһʱֶ֪κʵǶ֪·̬ȴӺζ
ԼöӲ̫Լ֪ô£˼βҲĽ۹ϴûסܵһȭҪǻһǣҪֱӼʻһȦսһˡ
˿ӣԼɣյİ֮Ķɢ˴룬һ˫£ͺոսǻᣬҪ˶ţԡ
㣬ֻǸŮˡ
Цⲻֱ̧ȥлͰķ䣬˯ò֪лͰֱӶ¥µӾϴɾ㣬ȥҡ
лͰһУ䣬һ뵽ˡ֡㡱Ӿصˮʶһڽȥȴǹζĵ˳
Ȼӱ˵лͰϴͳлͰȴϴһСʱ࣬ӱҲѾ׼һõʯԭŴлͰ 
ʱ罻һϢˢ
Ƴ10%߹ˡ̣Ƴҩơ״̬
ϢһֱӾˡ
ؼǣⲻһԤ棬Ͻ쿪ʼֱӶۣ˶
ǷȾ10%ڵ߹ôЧ˶֪
ǡҩ֣һֱʵʵżʹãһʽҸС΢΢
һ֣Ըơ״̬ת
лҪ˵֪զ¡ȫӡ
þ˯á
͵ˣ⼸ᶼŶ
ϻһ 
Է~

105

105
Ŷ衱͡ϴ赤Լֱʳ, ֵĲ, ֻ² Դš
ǣĿǰΪֹǡϴ赤ĵط߸߹, ĳ붼ĸ߼ۡ
ؼǣ۸ߵΪֹ, ͬʱҲøߵ, Ʈϵһ
ɶϺҵҩҵȴ˶֪, ҪֱӶȫһˡ
Ѿȫˡ
˵Ŀⶼ۽˽Щ֮ǰֱ, ԼǡŶ衱ȡ
»ҩ, Ⱦ10%ʳģıʷ, ıĴڡ
ǻҩôЧЩʳжߵļ۸񣿡
͡Ŷ衯ô 
һݵ޲Ʒ, һǳ׸ı, ת, һȽϣ
ͻҩ׸ıʷС˵ĸ
ϺΪ޴ס
ϡ
ϡ
ɣˮ, ҲԼҲ뷨ø˽ע¶ϡ
òϣǡŶ衱ʱ˵Ч˵ĳ̶ȣǣм˳
ңһҩƷһЧڿŵҩƷֹҹʱȫˡԣ˶ܺΧۣĵμ֣Ͳһˡ
вˮ࣬ҲòĥһЩζؼǣ򲻵ֲðͷ͸δۿۡ
ȻµĶɾͲһˣǾҩǱֱͨ
Ѿ׿ϣϿɵĶһʵϿɵ飬תˣ
ۣһֳ׵ϣ
ÿһ˶ܡвֶĹۣԲһͨ£ϣ

۶ϵǱߵĴۼ˿ᣬֵǸ˾ϲĺϢȴ˶
ô¡ 
ʦЭǱȿڣûյϢ
ʳֻҪǲܹͨﵽ10%ڣǹܲšǣûôӴЩʳĵ£ͻȻóĶ˭֪⡣
Ѿȥˣȫ
үӸûпǣĿ⿴ҩЭǱߣµصѾЩȾСʳϣЩҩ⡣
ûоҩܲţǸûȨóġ
үӿһǱߣջĿʱƳһ̡
Һ̿ɳݵġ
ҽҩܵɫҲÿҩЭɫ͸ѿˣֵĴˣļȫĿǰġ
Ķи߲㾹Ȼ֪ģֱǷ̣޷̡
ؼǣ˼ÿһľֵµ鷳ҲûáȫվڶԷǱߣվֱ˵ô£ֻ˵ûо⣬˵ó
Ҫⷽļϼֱѿˡ
ؼǣǺⱳ󵽵˭ģҲûκΰ취˼Ҳϣ˶Ϻұ
ҲǺ²𣿡ҲЦûǰʱȻ֪еǣʼն˵һ¡ 
үӿһۣЦһ
̿ȥҲû֮ǰ̬ȡĵƣֻҪšҩ˭
ʲôܱҪ
ţʱһܿס
Сҩ֣ھе֮Уڲ֮ء
үһֻۣû뵽оҩЭЩطô궼ûоȻȡ
ɫһ㲻䣬˭оģܵ˵档ˣѵһܲ
үӵƳһۣоҩЭǱߣҪ㶫ٽвԣ֮ǰҪ档
˵꣬Ȼֱ뿪ˡ
ɫһӳ˶ЦЦûнӻ˼
ɫѿòУ߻صԼ칫ֱԱߵԶŰڼֵµɫ΢΢˱䣬ܲʱǻʲô
Ͻǵŭ׿
ԣոģˣǵ
ɣǾòũϵǱߵ˶𣿡
ѾˣԭǸ·Ǹʧ٣ǵʼǸ顣
羡ҵˣɾûУҪһ
˶٣òʲôŶĽûС
ֵµȴǶȻ˶٣ſڣЧǵĻҩƺ
һӱϬߵˣ˵ʲô
ǡŶ衯ЧͻƺǵġҩҪãǣͷϵʵ̫ãûа취̫Ĳԣ̫ȷ
ɫѿ£һϢûУ
۶϶ûйϵģֻǣӱũϵ»᲻Ǻʲôϵ
ԣ̷ҡͷܡ
ǵӱ֪ˣؼǣǱ߲ʼûж
˵ɫ𣬡ֻҪߣûϵ
ĿĿԹֻ¾Ͱȫϲ͹ˣôʼղҴŵڣֶûж
ǶǾǶȱݣش⣬뵽ϵı֡
ܲ飬֣ܶɴɱҪ
һĨıô꣬Ϊһ
һߣүӸճҾʹ󲽻صԼ칫ңֱϵ˰үӣɲҪңҾܾˡ
ҿʲôܾʲôˣүɫġ
үֱˣʱ㻹Һ
ǡҩЧʵ̫ǡŶ衱һǡת
˵
ҪһϣָЧԳòԵĻַӾҪ¡ҪĸԸġ򡱡
ȥҲòЭ
Ϊյ
֪µжҪģ㲻ҪҿЦ 
үƳһۣûпڡ
үӾԼʹˣ඼ˣؿڰ죬ָͷİүӣ㣬㡭
ֻ֪бǸõĶүӵǿˡ
үһ˲䣬ҲˣԴҲˣ۾Ҳˣ
үҡҡͷҲ֪
ڿͷɫްȥ˲ֵǣֳͷʳġ
ã
үӶʱ־Լ಻ʹˣǻһұģ۶㻨ˣҲ̫ˣŰүӺһᣬ˵ʲô
ɤӶǸɵģð˵˵ҪҪ
үҲǳĬ˺һᣬϢʱոĻҪ𾪡
ͷүӴߴ٣˵ǲǣ
ǡүڹ֮֡ҩٸǣҲʱ֪
ǣ֡ҩûκθãǱóģδ֪
үӺһûпڣɫȴһñֱҲһ͸ԣүӶùˡ
̲סĥոľȻûгϣеá
үʣأ
үһۣû
ү˶д˴㵣ظһ飬û
үҲظһ飬û


106

106
үӹҶ˺ͰүӵͨѶ֮, ܾöûжʵʱԸǻõ, Ϊõ򵽵ĶͲй󡣿ɶԷҪõ㣬ǳˡ
̲סЦһǼѾܲ˱˶á˶, ܾǱġλã඼С
, 뵽Լʵһ⣬Ƕ˭, ĸ֯µġ
ǱߵİүӵĻǴ㵣춼زһ, ֻĳһˣѣ
ôܣ
үӷĶѾó, ûʲôܵģ
үӾȻ޷, ͬʱҲ޷һ, һ, óĶ
˶ǻ㱵, ôز
ҲһСʱ, ⱨѾˣѾ⣬ȷЧ, ǣЧʮԡ
߹8%ϣ׼ҲǺٵġQ1ͻҩЧԣB¿һͻƣǣȾɻӣĿǰ̫٣޷Ƿʲôĸá
үƳһۣһأ
ֻҩԴﵽһʹüٷȾﵽ10%ǣÿһʹ֮Ч
ǡ
үԭͳɫʱͱøӲÿˣô
ĿǰⶫǿĽ̡
үüͷ˸Ŀ⿴ɫӲÿˣأ
Ǳ߲

û㹻ݣңüţ˵ֻǲܿƾǴٽá
үɫ࣬Ȼܽ⻰ǰǾ˵ǲѾȷģѾʵǱȴҪ˱죬ֱǿû߶ˡ
ȫۣѾȫվǱߣڷҲ÷Ҳ÷
үɫʮѿؼʵΪһ㡣
ȻҲ֪һ㣬ңûκ֤˵̵ĴڣƷң׼еڶңȫָֽţĿĲ
ԼµϢ֮вŶϵв˶κϢ
˶ˣ⡭
Ȼк֢ǣڲ˵ⶼĶֻ˵һֵ˲ʺʹáǣܵ˵ֻҩǾԵЧ
үӵͷϵˣʣʵʵ˵Ͼص£ڡ
°ͶˣôŸүӻ˵Ļ⣬⣬ǲǲ̫ã
˶Ҫ˵ҾƣҲҹ֣Ҳҭʳ
үҡҡͷͰ˵ȥ죬촦á
ôţүӻ⼸棬Ҷϵþһ¡
˵꣬ͳ˹ԣ׼ʼһһϵˣµ˾һͷˮô㲻ףҲֻʵʵӦȥ
ȵ֪ϢʱѾйٷ˽˲ɷã˻ӦĿǰδЧҩǱߵļ⣬һ̶ЧģãȻУתͬʱ̶ȻӾ硭
̺޲ýǰˣ˲٣ʲô˼
С˺ܶ࣬ڣҩȵطûϵǣûκҪơ
ǲʲôǲ֪£ǱԼǲѾнչˣ
һ䣬ɫ΢ÿһЩûС
ǵ׷֪µǶôڴңҲǴŵУԣûκ·ӡ
ǰϣũϵǸǱˡ̶˶٣漴Цϴ赤ǱǴûУ
ǡϴ赤ǡ˵ҲҴŵĺܽһϢûСҵǡ˻Ǻܻţȫͷ棬һ£ҾȫˣǱͻȻ
֮ǰЩɣȴǳ׷ѾȥˣǱʲôֶΣ֮õĻ
ţҪð·лص۶Уʲôֱ䣬ʲô裬ҳ׶ɱҡˡ

Ҫ˵֮ǰϢͻȻų˶ڣô߽ܲɷ֮Ϣ˲侲ȥˡ
к֢ʱûἰ
תĳɾ
ȻиãЧΪʲôͿУ
ڸʲôʲôôˣ
ʲôҩûиãԶſʼġҩֶÿһǵĸõȵȡѵΪССĸãͲҩβ𣿡
ֻҪǲҪ
ƵĽҲ̫ˣҩвӦȺѵΪĳЩӦȺͲˣ

罻ϳһţһ£¹˭³Լˡ
ҲЩɫ仯֪ӦñЩʲôʣ˵ʳģ𣿡
Ǹ˶Լģ˵Ǽٵ ʡ
ڵԱ̾ϢһҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôȽϺʣǣΨһȷһǣʱ岻ˡ
Ƕϱ˸ һȥ 
ֶ˶٣ûסʵºλйϵûУ
ųȾǵͷʳ ͦġ
ƳһۣûԼˣ
ϵġ̮ɾλһ仰ȥġһ䡰±ˮ㶹һӸıʳĹӦܴһϵȦ˭ǡ
Ʋ죬ǿɲһȥô
Ͽˣ͸ҪΪ˰
ɫ΢΢˶⻰ʮֵλҪ𣿡
ʳģֶΣĶô𣿡ֱʵ
ǡŶ衱ǡ衱ʲôӣҲûһṩĨڵˣ˵ԷȻܹṩ衱תҩôᷢ˵
һ㣬ģʱصλֱ䣬ãֵģܾ𣿡
ټֱǱ˵һͷˮˣ˵񵽵ô£˼
Ҫ֪һţЦ
٣ͻñ
漴һת۰Ͱ͵׷ȥϴ˵ʳʲôʱ
ǶϵʳһʱϲأָҲҪָ
Ҳһ磬ûдȴŤͷϵϴελŮ١
ˮյϢѣҲûҵͷȥվڹҿˣɫֱ䣬һû˵Źϴ˹ׯ԰Ĳˣϵٸһ£ܲһȥ㷽㵥˵䡣
˵ʱĵɨһԱߵĵӱͰ·ӱȻʶġ
Ȼ߳·ϳˡ
ڵӱ͸ӽˣϾǡ˵Ǵȥġ
˾ۼôԾ
ӱкҴֱӾҪ뿪ʧЦҿɲ飬ҵľˡ
ŷӦˮƸոֵ̬ʲô˼Цָָ·ҵģ㡣
·/ˮ/ӱ


107

107
ˮƲһ, ǣ·֪˵ӱ, ⻹ʲô
ҿ·ӱԾԼɽ棬ʵһ, Ҫ죬㿪ڵĺá
ԭֻǿЦ, ⲻѹ̫, ɽ𣿡
˭֪ˮ⻰, ʮĵͷʮеؼҵʵжǿ, Ϳǿž֪ˡ
ڵӱ, λŮսôȥھ, Ҳǰû, ǿɲ㿪Цġ
ǰҵǷݶ˽Ͱؽ
Ц, , վġ衯ǷݣҪĶ
ԭǿЦ, ȫһˣӱĿƵĿŹ
Ըǡ
ȻߣǶ鶼һġοһεΪѾֵôס
ˮƣʲô߲ˣ
ˮЩ̫˼˿ӱͰ·ϾλǴУǹעӦȫͬѰ£ΪСµƺ̫Ӧá
ɼ˶ûп˵˼ˮƻǵϴΣҷ˵ׯ԰Ĳ־˵˶Ĳ
ҲǾٱôҵ 
˵Ʒǳã㹵ͨԸԸⳤڹӦ
ĸ֣˵ʱҲЩ˼ˡ
ڰ·͵ӱǰ仰Խ˵ò˼ˡ
ֻ˵Ŷ衱Ӧ֪ʱ䵽жҪ
ο֮ǰӱͰؼҽӼҪĵġϴ赤Щ
ȴ۾΢΢ȻһãȻ۸ҲߣҲ𣿡
СҲ⣬ôΪٶأ
˵Щž˷ѣȥǴѴѵõ㣬ֲԼ콫Щ⿳ȥ
٣
ˮʶĳһˣŵϵҰϵ
˶٣û£Լϵɡ
һЩȾʳģûоʲôҪġ
ҲûеֱһͨѶϵ˳ȥӵϢʱ򣬻һ£뵽ˮƺ˵ûʶͽͨˡ
һ۾ͿͷһδŮӣʱüһͷŮӵҪҵʳģ

첻˵ûлɱģϾ㹻ţԹֱӵҪʳ࣬ʲô㷢ʲôˣĶٵ
ҲǱƸˣһųɵж٣ն٣мۼɵļ۸񣬿𣿡
۾һӾˣ𣿡
ûüʲôѾɴѵַھ÷㡣
˵ֱӹҶͨѶֱӽйӸһû˽ùͷķȥ
Ҫ˷ˡ
ˣ
˵⻰ʱǲӦҪ΢ģίһ㣿ֱôֵ˵Ҳͦ˲˼İɣ
ûô뷨⼸컹ͦæµģǰлͰϸϸĸ첲ʶ̽ ׼ʡεЧô
΢΢˿״̬ȥŵӱ̽һ顣˵ʵлͰȻܲǡħʴʱȽ϶ֻ̣Ҫɾٺúñⲻ̫
ǣӱıȽ鷳
һöεЧõĳ棬ǣ֪ԽԽѣЧҲԽԽҪӱ⣬Ҫٴġ
ŵӱֿһ۰·˵ʵǰ·ôĲ࣬ңô㣬ܳģԭҲࡣֻ·
ֻ辶ϵԼԺ䣬ĥʲôԹʲôƫЧȽϺõġ
ĳĬȴõӱ̲סһ漴ֹɵѾʱ乻ãԭҾûеı̫ϣ
˼·һӾͱˣ漴ŵӱеͷ 㻹κ㣿
ôһĥ˸ӣŷ𲻣
·
ӱԭҪͲǸ˼ֻǲұϣ˵ɹʶҲš

һΪѣҪȻһţ
ˣ
ҲЩΣȻ֪ﲻԣҲ֪ϵû𣬿ǷڶħԸħȷʵŲòϵЧ
ɴſǿʼĬдʦղص𾭺ͷ̵ľ
£ûõġҲ֪Ƿ𣬵һԣܹһ㣬˾ǿĴߡ޹£δãδûá
ȥֵεҪһʱ䣬ЧӦò
ӱŹƪֿڵĶ ΢΢˶١
·Ա߿˿ѾԶżǧǰȻڡħã
ǿɫ仯ǲãҲ֪ǣǾЧþǿ־ǿҲһЧ𣿡
ڳˡкܴһǡ߲ѸѽҲʹġ
ӱ˶٣û˵Ҳ֪Ӧôڣ˷ԼϵĶ
лͰԱߵ˼˵ǲܳģ㣬ǲͲܳˣ
ϽԶԶԡ
Ͻһһץһ㣡
Ҫأ뵽ûס롰һ¿ˮִżͬĿӱˮ˵ҲԷɣ㣬ζĺܡ
ˮʶ뵽ֱĿ㣬Ҳ̿ˮž͵ͷ 
ӱ
ͷԼͷƪֿߵлͰͻȻе
ŹװĵӿڣǵһٿʼɣͿʼǲӹ̡
һӾ뵽Ǿ䡰⴩ȿװʲôûз
Щ˵ϰԡ޷𡭡ˡسɷ𡱣Ȼ벻ġ
ͻȻ뵽ľҲЧ
˼ھͽԼո˵ķƵ˵ҲδءûЧһ˭֪أ
ķҲǲɱѽҲû˵˲޷ѽ
װʮеİԼͷ
·Ҳյ۶͹Ʒݸνġҩ㿴
 ҩǻûпˮһ㶣Լǰ⼸˭ǳ˳Ȼǲ֪ԼôôˣͰ˹ˡ
ӹ˶͡סһ
𣿡ʡ
·ҲûкһֿʵĻҩҲȥ
ζʶ̽⣬ü΢΢һֱӶ£
Ĳмһˣÿڵ˺ݺݵĳ鴤һǡ
лҪ˵ֻж

108

108
㲻Լ˵Ļʲô, Լ˵Щίˡ
̬Ⱥͱ, ֱһʣôˣ̧ˣ
ûʲôõĶǣµⶫ, Ǻ˵ġ
ӱǳ˳飬⻰Ҳ, ΪĿǰԷĶСõġ˵, ˵ǡˡĶҲǲС
һ㣬Ҳ˵, ţʲôˡ㣬ֻһ˫۾Ƿģǳݵġô, ݰ
·̲סЦ, Ĺ˾Ȥˣ̲סĸŹ, е, Ч, ֱǲûС
ֻˡ, һ𡣶ͨ˵Ǹ¶ʵ, ˽֮Ĳ֪Զȡѹҡ
ˣȴǻ˳ױٵð·ԼѡԸԼɸɴĻҲԸķʽӵԼøɸɴࡣ
ǡôţӱʣȴ˹Ǳߡôǣڹϡ
·ȴǺֱӵż
ȽҪ
㣬ǰһʱߴź˹һһ𣬡ץȥ
һҲǶʱϲɫ㣡Ҫ¶Ͻȥץ㣬㣬žǺʣ
лͰҲˣȥ
ˮԱߣһʶľ̿ˮġ˿ӱܾõӱлҪ˵ңʲôʺĻ
˵λʵʵż񣬵ǡֻԶۣ̫̫ˡˡϽ˹뿪
ϴץʱͶץˣŵģҪ㣬ˮ̫Ϊ˿ڸζãרŴúˮԴţȡʱζܸһ㡣
·͵ӱ˾˵ӱոѵһֱôôʷô
ոպãһº¶Ǹպáǣ·ողӲ磬⻰ҲôӲȥˡ
ûзĶǾͱô۵ǱߣҪǾôģг
վøߣôˤòң·ʡ
ӱȴͬ˵㿴£Ǽֱǡ򡯣ܣ֣ǲŪ
·ҡͷ
һڵһ£Ƚһ͹ôӦԡż
ӱˣǣǴǶЩ¶ĲŲˣԶڵһλʱˣ㻹Ҳżôܲż
ȻվۿŹó˶ǣǹϵ£һʱи
ͷǱ߾ȻѾӦˣ̲סǲ֪ǸǹʲôԻǾȻҲľôô侲ĵš
·һۣҪǵӱҲ֪ĶֻҲ׸үΪʲô侲
ʲôӱǲףʲô¾ȻôҪ˵ʲôº³ͻͷͬʱУ
˵֮䣬Ѿˣ·ûлػ
һɱһλȣҪ䣬ɾ֮ƣһβÿֱӷϡ
ͬʱ׼Сˡ
һˣڿĿҲǽڹϵġ׼ȷ˵ӦڹµĹ
ӱѸղҪͰ·Ļˣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
ʱԳһЩһʱֱõӱ۾Ҫֱˡ
ʶȥ촽ʣֱǾˡ
ô꣬ȻǶûĹٷ֮һ֮һζȻ߲ˣϹʲôģʲôʱܴﵽζ
˽⣬ԶʱڣôὫЩ˵ζЩ㣬Զ˼ֱ̫˰
ֻǣֻҪһ룬̲סϧ̲ס꣬˹֮⣬Ծûϣ˰
ƳһлͰѾֹʲôʱлͰһˡ
ͬѧ֮ѰҲӦõġ
лͰˮƽĶ࣬ҪùһͬѧúøΣ˵ˡ
лͰⲻǻûȫָ𣿵ҪҽϵгԲҲкôġ
ˮԱߣ͸лͰԼһһˮˡȵʱûס䡱һվʮֻǰҪæŷţô
ôôãôôΣգôֵĻ
һҿӵѾ䣬СѾʹƺһ㣬ǳԴ
˿ǣַЩ˿֮ģͣһ㱾һҶŨŨ㣬һͣ׽еζ˳
ǰ·ôҲֵУ̲סĶʮϣͷʶĶ˶
ŴһӣһˮơлͰһ˶һˡ
ˣΪôҳԵ㣬һ㣬ȻҲн̫̫ϣۣϸ
㶼 
ӣ˶Ŀ⿴˹ͷԳˡ
лͰ͹һĶ죬һȥڶϴһߣϴγԿ֮ǿоˣϴ٣ȴࡣ
ǵһ졣
һֲȫʶĳ㣬ǵӣһͷȻͬһ㣬СܣͬʱҲϸ
ͿζͬһŨζһȷʵ
ʣá
ԵԱߵлͰ͹һȴǳˣһڣṆִ̀壬ȥ̲ȥƫƫǸ
ŹǶӯţһһڣϸСĴһԼǼͷϵĺˡ
˵ǵӱˮ˶ЩæңڲҲǰ·ڵһڵʱ΢΢˶٣Ƭ̵ͣٺͲ죬ٶȻһ㣬ǸȣҲеһƴˡ
һҪˣƫƫԽżǴ̾Խǲ˳
лͰ͸ˣǱ̿ɤӵģǹ˼ɣֻܽǴ̵⺬ȴô̲ȥòˡ
ˣһߵĶȴһ֮˵㿴ңҿ㡣
ҪȻȥһǣ

ٿɫ쳣ŭһǸ㿪Цͨţ

ͷǡ2%ݣ˵ʵĲ֪ôŲźʣǳ鴤һ¡
£˼˵Щ˾Ǽʲôö͵ǰˣȴˡ
գûôƷʵ߲ˣǵǣ͵ǰˣȴһˡ
ţȴ߶ʵ
ǰΣǲɹġƷʶѾ10%ҵȾ̶ȣµ£ԷҲ˵ˣƷʸãΰȻﵽ̶ֳȣĲǺãҲʵǺùͷǣҲòϣǱĳĶƺҲôš
죬˵⵽ʲôʱʲôôô֡
Ʒʵ̶ֳȵ߲ˣȻһһ֡
治
˵֣ͻȻǴҴҽСˣҪ㶫
лҪ˵һ£

109

109
С, Ժﶼһ֣׼
Ͼʱ俴ֱʱ䳤, עö࣬ǽ쿪ʼ罻ƽ̨λС۶Ҳ͡
ϼͻȻó10%Ʒʵ߲ˣҪֲӪ߲˵İ׼˵, ֱһʹ
ܹóĶǳڲϵĴӦ, ߲˵ļ۸Ʒʲ׼ң˶ΪЩʳ, ѡŶϣǰ׼ֻ˲ҪӦ
˶ڲ², ׼ҵ׻ô
Ȼֻǵһͷհ׵ȷʵҲ, ʵ, ĸС㣿
΢΢С׼, С, ũŵĴС, յ, ˵ʲôҲޡ
ٶֵĲ죬Ȼǰ׼
ü΢΢, ũϵǻҪˡ
Ȼũŵĸũϵɣ״Сտһֱڵ۶ϵǱߵģСʱ߳󣬳ٻ
Ťͷ˵ͻȻʲô
ûɿԼֵµʳģҲ֪ĥʲô
ҲûеڣԹԵҪǰ׼ˣҲũϵһλسʦпũϵҡ
ǸֱũϵķƵ֣ؼǣ˶֪Ŷ衱Ǵũϵ߳ȥģѾȷǡŶ衱͡سʦͬһطһ֯ǻԿ϶λسʦũϵ
ˣλسʦлôƷʵʳģҵλسʦڰ׼˵ٷĻ˲ǡ
˵Ҳһ۶ǰЩˣũϵǳ˲ٵĺö
ƳһۣҲ֪ǳʲôȻôԼǰЩʳģʼϴ׼⿡
ЩʳĵƷʵ̫ã˿Լʳģϣ̲סüֻЩѾ˼ռĺöȫˡ
ɴֱһɳһ裬һ峴򵥣ķʽ
ֻЩʳıۡˡ
һĶʱɴۣҲã
ƷʵĺʳģȻҲþôֱóȥдˣ
ʣ̣
һζԷ˲ٹؼǣԷͬҪȶĸṩ
ٻһ¿ǰ׼𣬰׼ҵĴС㣬֪Լʲô𣿡
Ƴһۣû˵
ٶȻ뵽ͶҵĹϵɫ΢΢һ٣üһ϶ǹġҪ׼֪һҿṩ߶ʳģҪ׼Ҷһݻᡣ֮ǰͻɶͶʲôԸǡ
̲סԵöұ˭ڳš
˭ҪûϵңֻҪҼӪҵǽ죬ɻ֪
󵽵ûж˵Ļֻ˵׼Ʒǻ㲻
ũϵֲԴܷչĳ̶ȣ˵ʵ׼˲١
ûмڣֻǵͷϸŻЩʳƽãû֮һҲΪʧЩʳġ
˳ȥʣ˭Ҫ
˵꣬پʶǣȸһݰ
˵͸ϽȥǰţĺöǱҪʽеĽнʳȻҪٳɵ£Ҳûǡ
׼ո£ںͨѶͷ˵ѾũϵУҰҲ쵽ˡ
ûʲôʱ֡
 ҪǵգǾȥ 
զզܹ黹ܳһڷɣԼɣȻô˵üͷŵġ
˵ʵ죬ũҲֹȫȻʯԷҲкܶҵ棬ǵĸ
˵׼뵽ԼļְҲպýֱˡ
ЩԳ˵պľͿء
ϾΪһ仰㵹ˡ
񣬰׼вɵӣȻ˿ˣɶڶԼ˵ʵѾǡϡˡ
̾һ
ֱһƼ̾׷׷ĻС㲻£׼ҿˣ㡣
2333ǵҲǺרҵġ
СǣһûԼȻһܹũŵĴС㣬ü˷ܡ

׼𣺡
֪ΪʲôܾǵҰƲѾȵúˡ
2333Ʋ˵ƣСˡ

ķ˿·˷ۣǸ˺ܾõۣûʲôӣֱһֱǱȽϺгģ˵׼һûءЩ˾ҪһǽҲ̫һ㡣
һ˳Ű׼Ļŵ٩ʮݺг
׼ԭǵǳȻҲɢȥ˲٣ҿɾָˡ
׼ֱʮרҵĸҿʼܣũϵʮֳһҲģʵǿڵ۶ϵҲŵϵš
ũϵϲľʳ
ǣʱʲôʺöʱǸ׼˵꣬뵽£̲ס̾һֱҲ֪쿪
ֱڷ˿һӱIתע׷׸̾ɲǣǱҪǲǸʲôûˡ
ȳһһ棬ǾͿɣȤԳʵպܺãʳĲɴѡӪҵԶƷʻǷǳֱϵġ
ֱķ˿ǿֱһҲ֪ĥʲô
ĻҲˢ÷ֵĲС
ܿ죬һɳˡ
׼žҵ񣬼Ž⣬ɳλʳĺİ
׼˿СʳģҲ̲סһ
ɳֶؼľʳģʳĲãʲô״ζѾҪĲ֡
͸СѾܿǺɫķѣɫˡ
һɫƯﶼҪκε˾Ѿ۾ˡ
ֱķ˿Ҳۡҩ͡Ʒʳġ¶һԣ׷ߵˡ
⡭ܺóԵӰ
ֹǺóԣ׼һۿȥͷݲԾⶫƷ׺ܸ߰
һ˫ӵɴԲˣȳһڹ
ʲôǣøɸɾС뻹ûȫʱѾҴҼһˡ
ûмκζĶֻɳ׺һΡ
ɾһڣ׼۾ʱһӾ;ˡ 
࣬ˬ㣬΢΢ظʡ
ЩζǵĴ׺εĴ̼£ԣֻһȥһӼˣأأ
ֱķ˿ҲˣһһżǺץһأء


110

110
׼ﻹܵô, ԼĶҪˣﻹǵԼֱ
Լͳũϵ, ԼþȻûֲ壬ǰ׸ˡ
żѵк, Ҫòǡ
ũϵȻǵԼһ˻, ԷҲŵ, οոֱˣȻǲܲܲ˵ġ
, ⶫ˵ҲճĶ, ˵䶫Ѿ͹Ǹǰˡ
׼һ㶼, ǴҴææͿʼԣʳȫ˸, Ȼһƨ, °ͳ, ָЩ, ȥ飬ȥ, ٲһ顣
֣ҲЩز񣬳һ£𣿡
׼𣺡㻻ɡ
ֱķ˿Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣһĵĻͣˡ
զ£
˭ոտǸϵˣ
Բۣҿļٵģ
Լƺǰٷ֮
Բۣ¥֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
⻰һЩ˿Ȼûһ˵ˣķ˿ҲһһȻֻһˣڣʣЩģҲһҿ
ݣ˭˵
ǸһҲҵñȽϿ졣ҲΪϴɵ¶ɴԼ߷һǳһֲǡŻŵĸϽͳͿʼ⣬Աߵ΢΢˳ʱ˿̾Ȼǲ֪ô˵źáǶԼҲû뵽׼ôոպþͿֱİɡ
һ£˵ǰ׼֪ǶҪ֪ˡ
Ҳ֪һֳֵôǣòһ㣬ϵķͷһӾҪɢȥһˡҲ֪׻Ǹʲô飬ʲô뷨ˡ
µĲǣɳһһԹȥûմȾκεζƷĲ֣ǰٷ֮ȾȣմȾ˵ζƷĲ֣ǰٷ֮ٷ֮ĵķȾֵ
ݡ
ǸǸ׼Ͽ׼𿴿˿ҲɵۣһһĿǲǡ
Ҫ˰
ô£
ֱҿ˰ֱ䣬֪ΪɶͻȻȻʳģȻֵǮˣضǣ
ǺǣͨĵȾʵҶİٷ֮ˮƽֱǶϷ
ڵˣԭԼǰʳ ԱߵĶЩûĶΪԼǰʳʵ̫óһ㡣
׼ɫͣı仯ζû˵һ仰̲סȥһ飬Ѿֱ˿˸ɸɾҲ˲ϳԲԵ¶Ҵòûеģֱӳ嵽˸ڼӣвԣԵĽһġ
׼˴̧ۿպͣԼǰˣü΢΢̧̧һֱֱ
׼ȻӦ˹ ֱͷҴҵĵǸǸе£ֱһνС
˵ҴҹҶֱһʱϵ׵ִҴææȥҶ
˿ǵȵֱرգų׷
׼ϷũŴý㣿
ıڼദֵȾʳġ
ũϵٴγֶʳġ
͵£ٷ֮Ⱦ٣
˵ˢ˸ͣ˶ۣо
ҲֱǰŶȥ֮ǰоϺЩҩҲת߿˹
׼ֱʣµĲˣ׼ôżҲվԱְ߱˵
ļ죬ԭѾũϵ⶯ȻҲٶȸϹ·ҲѾĥ뷨
ԱߵҲѾũϵܴڵĸߴũҲȫϸһ飬ǶϵˣǳıȽ磬ңȷʵǱ˴ѹɣһϷأ
һϷð׼æ棬ֱӶϣȻֳôһǼֱǺݺݴ˰׼ҵֱӲũλֱֿܼ̫ˡ
ҡҡͷͶʶҲмˣ֪£ңһ㣬֪ǱߵνƷȾ߲Ҳǰٷ֮ʮңû⵽5%ˮƽģԣߵĶǶϵ 
Ҫעһ棬˵ũϵ߻˭пóƷ׵Ķ
ȴǿЦһҪ֪Ҳôˡ
ȻҲûдش𣬾ôĵŵִ׼ſڵˣɴҴȥ˳
Ҳ͵ˣи׼׼ĶһõԱߵİ䣬ɺͰ׼£ʮֲҪĸ˹һƨԱߣ˿˵ɫӾѾʼ죬û˼ԶȴǺС
һϣʲԸʱ֣ſ׼𣬡ȳɣ
Ҳֻɳϳһ飬ɫֱ䡣
Ͱ׼һǣ׼֮󣬻ҪòȥԣȴֻƾԼѾжϳĵȼƷʡ
εʳģҾȻԼκ⿷ʽǻ㡣
ʲôζƷ棬Ƕġۡ
ȻҡͷԵζƿѾá
⵹Ǻ˵ֻǰļˣѾĥһĵطĳǾ˲١
΢΢˶٣͸ɴӦ֪˼ʳġǴģ
ԭģֻ΢΢ɵֱӳ̶ȣ˶٣һʱ֮ǰгһˣȴǿǡ ϵԷϵҺͶԷ飬ԷԸҳȶṩЩƷʳġ
һȻ֪ۣ˶ʳЩʳģ϶ĳһġ
л
ҡͷʲôûңһ֪㵽ûá
ȴǿЦҡͷ⻰˵þ̫ǫˡ
ֻ˵һ㣬ԷԸⳤȶۣӦ֪һϣģǻҵڶϹϢ֮һη˾ҡ
ҲغҿֻҪҰ׼ģ㶼ܿڡʮֳ⿪ڡ
ԴѾԿһȫ֮ĲԼЩ˵ԳΪڶϡ
෴ΪǣߴţпֱܻöԷöеĶˡ
һͨѶ룬һ԰ɡҲұ֤
һ׼ҲҴһϹ
ͨѶͷĹոճ㣬ӵͨѶ΢΢죬һ۹һŹһĪ̫֣ùֵ˵ĶҲ˳ȥ
ɿŹһһǰģͨѶ˹ȥǱ߹ȻǶ
ȴǹĥЩ΢΢˶ٲŵũŰͰݻһ㲻㡣
ũţ΢΢˶٣뵽һ֣׼ĸף
׼ͰɵͨѶͷ˺һɫ临ӡ
ǱֱһѾ
ڰ׼˫۶ŷڵĹâС죬δκһ죬˵ӡ󣬱˶ĳƺǰɵŮũŵĴС㣿
붼һĳλָŰ˵ɣ׼ĸף
΢΢Щ飬ĪǡʲôʱСĵ˭ɣ
ͨѶͷƺʲôƺˣĶᵽɤ۲֣ҲסˣҪܴͨѶͷֻƬ
Ǳ˵ЩԶ˵ҲǺܶ࣬һ䶼û壬˵ʱ䲻̣׼ϵľϲɢĲˣǱ˵Լһطɡ


111

111
ũط, ֻһӡǾĳа׼ĸ߼۹Ķ, Ȼֱʱֳ˲СĶߵֱ
ԷҪĿĲǹҲԸ顣
˵ͷͰ·˵һ, ·˵һũʲôҴҪʲô
֪֮, ŪʳģȷʵǱȽ, ǣӪⷽ滹ˡ, ЩģҪ鷳Ҫʡõİ취ȻѰҸ, Ҳһ
Ŀǰ, ·ȻʮֺõǸˡ
ӦͨѶͷǺһûзӦ, Ȼû뵽ȻǴӦôɴࡣ
, ظһ, Լҵ, ôպҵգܾԼûЩʳġ
ַңԵȾ͵Ǹɴ
ߵİ׼ҸŮȵͨѶҶϾȻûзӦ, ٵͷŶѹҶæɵҪŻһ㡣
ôõĶվǼ
Ҫգ׼͵ˣȴǰζزʶѿڶľȻǣ֣մҵĹⰡ
˵׼ͷӳԼ˵ʲôϽӣ˭֪ɷǵûȻɫʮָӵĿһۡ
׼𷴶Ǹˡ
Ҳе㲻̫ܷӦ
ʱǱߵĹȴǺͰ·˵
ˮҲϵѾȽˣǲ֪ũҲϵ
·ǻҲ֮С׼ΨһϣǶڹˣŶռȻʳĵгũŻͻ֮ͬǰĶһ 
ʰ·ҺʲôҪҽ̵ôֲ
·ҡͷ㣬ô
üͷţҽôȥȾȻʳķӶٻҪ 
·ûпڣԱߵĵӱѾһ£ʺţ㶵Ŀֿ·˶֪˵ʲô
Źȫûոջһ
лͰҲظŹոյĻôȥȾ̡˭
·һۣˡ
ӱŹû˵ƺװ·ΪʲôôŹˡ
óĿǰ֪жֵҪߡ
ǣ١ĸֻҪܽʲôˡ
ǣĶȻôóˡ
ľǱһز񣬰·ȴǸַͣʽÿ˶ԲģȻһȻʳĵļ۸ήͣǣܱʳдѴѵʳġ
һ㣬ǲɡ
·̲סЦЦңҪ㲻ûȥ
ŲԼôСۣŲǵǸΪҪҪвļ塣
ԽЩʳĽǣۣӦǲԸ⽫й򶼷ɣ·
һӾĶˡ
⵹ġ
ֲҩľѾæˣﻹôʱֲ߲ˣȻ˿ԸɾĻǹϲѾֵĶ
ңҪʳĺ֣ܶһ˰ֵأҪʲôԷͿṩʲôˣ
˵Ҫһ㣬Щʳ׬ġȡе㿴ˣϲǴʴõ˵ĸֵҩ
ǡεƵɣȴгĶ
ͷʱҲбҪˡ
˵ҸǴһڻֲ֮ͿԲɵʳģΣ
·˺һŹ
˵ʲô
Ϊ·ͻȻĬǱߵĵӱҲȻӦ˹ҲôĬĬĿŹ
˵ʲôˣ
һͷˮȫûзԼ˵˻üͷ΢΢šţ·
·˶٣ʣ˼ǡ
ĳһ鷶Χڣһöʱʱ̳̿ķȾһΧֲʳģӦþԱȽϡɾ˰ɣ
һ¾ǹһлͰҲò̫ 
ӱ׷ʣˮƽﵽôĴ̶ȣ
֮еȾ϶ǲڣˮ϶ﲻôɾֵҲ취һأ˲һ¿
·ʣ֪۶ϵΪʲôԳΪ۶ϵңԴ۸ԶԶط𣿡
ӲĿȥΪʲôΪ𣿡
·һۣǺǨƵģΪ۶ϵǵ۶ǵķȾС۶ϵĿȾˮƽԼĪڰٷ֮ڡ

һ˫ͻȻŰ·ϲѵǿԸǷ
⻰һ·ʧ
ǸûзӦƾһˣͿֱӴڶ۶ǣڶġġ
ǣҲƵģռ䶼ơ
һЩʧ
·ȴ֪¾ǹ˵ƣǣҲһǳ˵£ֻڵ۶ϵȦȦأ
ǹ˵ӣȫȾĵطôļֵܵε׷
ƫƫڹ˵ھȻΪ˸ֲṩõĻڣ뵽һ㣬·ȻЩЦá
¿ף׼ȥ̸ֻǣȥ̸ӱٸžͲ̫ˡ
һҪȥ˶٣Ѱ·Ҳˣһ£˳㿴ͬû壬˵ð·ۡ
ȥطĳϣ·˵㲻ԼֱӽũׯԼֲۣͨ
Ҳᵢ󹮷ʲô£ңԹһֵƷ˵Ȼ˵ĵ
ʱҡͷרҵʦ
ʦ
ôܽԼʱ˷棿
ֻǣȥ·˵ʲôʯʺʵԸ߼򲻣
Ų˷ѵԭ۾Ŀ·һաħ֮Щڹʯ԰·˵Ǻö
·


112

112
ȻǸ̬Щ, ˵Ǻöʺʵ, ǶͲд·ҲЩ
һߵϢ֮˶漴Ǹ侲, ĵܡ
׼ֱʱв, ˺üݶǳһ, ˵᲻ʲô⣿
ɫѿܡ
϶ûٷ֮ˮƽĶ, ũϵܽӶĳ֣Ҫͷʲôϡˣ
ҿ׼ҪȶȵĿܸ󡣡Цһ׼˲ʶ, ȻҪ, Ե³ֳ, ǽ˳׼óʳǰٷ֮ʮ, , ǰٷ֮, ǻỳɵġ
ǣٷ֮ʲôֱ䶼ûóʳġ
ɣ׻ǽ, ˵ûУ
Ƕһ֧ϵͶϵĹϵǺѺãǰʱȷһЩʳģǣҲûдﵽ̶ȣѾ˹ȥˣҪҪ˴ߣ
ǰѾ¶һĨȻȻͬһĶôܻӶĳ֣Ͳˣ״ݾߡ 
ӰҲұ֤Լֵµ¶ܹôɴ࣬ô䣬ץסһѱ仹ôУ˶ʱ
ж಻ţǱ߾ж𺳡һʮĽܣǺܿĵͣӪҵҪԹʱ
Է΢΢˶٣ϳԷǸһʼҪǸˣⲻǸʦ𣿶ҺǸɣôܵſڿˣ
һԱȴһ̧ͷҪ̸𣿡
ôһ˲İ٣˶ʮûòĶŹȥˡ
ʵ̲ס
ǰ׼Ͱɶʶ㶣Ҫ֮ǰѾʵʵĶѾѯʶôˡ
Ҫǰ·ǰֳֻҪΡ
·ڹıĿɨ˶һۣѸʮֹԾջߣȴһ㶣 أء
ϱ龪ȼˣһ˫ӿģҪֱӵɵһȻϳ˰·˭
·Ҳû˼ͷ⼸һء֣ҲǷӦˣһ˲
·ȴվڹ΢΢̧̧°ͣԼ̸ֻǡڣ
·ԭ˵㡱ڹ֪ô뵽ԼǷµġʮꡱ˿ڡ
Աð·Էڣʲôˣ
ǿŹǰ˵һֶϾ·Ǹ鿴ĺӡ
⻰ȻǱȽģŶĶ٣ֿ˿ԱߵһһŮǰ׼𣿡
׼Ƭ̵£⡭Īֱ罻ķ˿
Ȼ֪ԷɴΪа·ǰ棬ЩܳǣҾǰ׼ҵĸװɡ
ɲƬ̳ɣѾٶȴʮĴкãǰ׼ĸףɡ
ʣҪҺ
ĻǵġɼԷôɴ࣬Ҳûе飬Ҳŵ 
˿ֿ˿ˡ
ŷӦÿ˰벽빮ڣ룬ϵˮֻǣª
°΢΢̧̧ɫҲ൱ˡ
ɡƫƫǲñðöԷеˡ
һֱ£ɶûзӦһŵׯ԰ֲĶʵҾ棬
ü̧̧ӣ
ɣ
׼Ա߲䣬ҿһμȵ̶ֳȵ߲ˣǰ׼Ҹһмǧ꣬Ҳûܵİٷ֮һ
ɫǸˣûҵ
׼ӸˣҲô˵ʲô磬Ƕʲôóʲô
Ҳûе¡ǫ
׼һ˫۾ɴˣٷ֮Ǽ£ʲôǣҪȫеġȾ
һ𾪵ģԽ⣬Ҫô
׼ɿЦһڹûгֵʱѾ˽˶ԷṩĶĹģңʳģȫȫĳԤˮ׼˵ԷѾǴﵽȫĳ졣
ͷϵԴгڶԷǽļǰЩһĲֵ
㲻״̬¡
׼𼸺Ȼ룡
˵ôԣƨ£׼׵ѾȡˢˣԼѿڶûаɡ
Ͱ׼һɿЦҪʲôأڵʵҾҿΪʲô
Ҫ˵ΪõȨԱŵİ·ǲĴУģɲòϣʲôûС
һۣеأˣ
ֻҪԸ⣬ֻṩЩɲǲ֪ô˵öʵЩκһҶṩֻǲ֪Ϊʲôѡ
ָָ׼𣬡ҷ˿𣿡
׼ָԼһ£漴ܵ׵һ˲С˴ڸСûע⵽ң鷳
ɻЩ£Ҳ֪ӦûӦʲôȽϺʡ
·ԱߵһΪ׼һܺõĺ顣ڶƹ㿪һܺõѡ񡣡
ԣ΢΢˶٣·һʽ׼ӦþͲ̫ù˰ɣ
ֹʽۣڣҲѾ˿ʼѺĳںԼˡϾҪԷõĶ϶ҪҲҪŲط
ԵǷ侲Щ׼ҺҺ֪Ҫô
·ڡũϵжٿֲأ
ũϵõֲ֮һаٷ֮ʮҵĸС
ⲿָأһ㴦ֻҪֲҾͿԱ֤߹ڵȾˮƽԻص
ʵܴﵽôˮƽ
ûԹ
˵λãЩʳĲ˶ٰɡ
ɤӶǸɬģŹ춼˵ֻʶȥ·
·ȴֱף˵
ǡҪṩʲô
һӾˣŰɵõ㡣
һ룿ˮƽ֮ǲֵһ롣Ա仯ɫҲЩԼǲҪ̫ˡ
ɣʮֵ͵ļ۸ˡ
˵ֲнһ룬Ҳûȡгǲ֣ӦòôŰɣ
ȴǰβһ飬ֻҪһ룿
ԭƷʵǲ֣ٷһҡӦǲְ̫ɣ
лҪ˵ûкأӶڶצֶˡ
ң

113

113
ֹǲ, ֱŴ, ֱǸõ㣬Դ
ǲӦϵڱ, мĸҴӦģ 
ڱ˭֪ҧ˲ҧˣ
üͷ㲻Ը⣿
·, ǿڣҲô, ⲻ£ֻǲԸô鷳, ҰؼҲȱõ㣬ֻպôյʱŸᡣԸ, ʲô, ҲǿũϵߵĵؿֱתøңҰм۸㡣
⻰˵, æ, Ǹ, ֻǲ, õŴ׼ֻҪһɡ⣬С, ṩ٣
ĥһ£Ҫṩٵء
ҪЩֱһħͷʯԣ¶˵ѣֻǷѹ򣬶ңһʱ䣬Ҫʯ滻򣬾ͻɡ
һ䣬ɫ֮䶼ŵЦݣũϵţҪ٣ҿṩ١
̲סզ࣬Ȼǲһˣǲȱصġ
ĥһȿôһһ°ɡϡ
΢΢˶٣Ӧ
·£ȥ
һ㶣·Цŵ㼴Ⱦ5%ҵʳģôܲأϾ˶ſũҪôӦء
ȥѾӹ˶ݹ̲裬ָ΢΢˶Ⱦ޳˳ϰһڣŨŵĲ㣬˿˿ڣżһ׽һ£QQʮ־
۾ʶȥ˳ ϵɳҲǱһζ
һ۶һ鵰⡣
һͣƲȥħ֮ζùԵü۶ġʳҲ޿ɾҩ
ζ֮󣬹͸ӿ϶ҪҪǡȥħƷӽ̳ȥ֮治Убʦο⼸ǧչ硣Ľ̳ȥˣҲܳϸ಻һʳѽ
һŹѾѧϰ˺ܳʱ䣬츳ֲȻϤҲٶȣɺܿٶȴͷϵ̲͵⣬Ȼ繮ζ˿˿ζ˳԰
ͷͿǱǷΪʥƷһĺöȻһ˼ĽעˡʳƷ̲͵ϣһϵıһѾ
Ҫǰ·ģҲȷʵûеڶҪǡ̸ˣǶҪΪԼǰǼٵˡ
Ͼʶôѡ񣬿ɿԷĶƬ֮󣬶ȻЩãҲееϾЩʥƷö˼ճãǳԹˣ˵ġ
תעЩĶ棬ƺšе
뵽һ㣬Ȼ֪ӦðԹԺ뵽ҴкˣбܣһһһУº ȻݡԺ
ڼϸıܿڸ̫ˡ̲סܣʱ⿵ȵ棬ȻĥôóԵġ
ôʱ䣬֪ܾȻôζ
һбǣֿ˶һۣ·ֱѹס˹֣Ķ̫಻á
ŭĿɹȥ·ûκĿӲеʳûˣ һ
Ϊ˲ùǣ·ֱֽһͷϵıܺҲˣڹһԹｫ
·ԹǶûסǡ˳ëצӶ˹ɫʵǿ̫ˡ
·ʹھȥ
һûнӻ·ѾŤͷȥˣɣ
Ȼʵ̫죬ɻٶȻӦȻ㡣 
˵֮䣬ʱ򣬰ɾѾͨѶϵ˳ȥһڰ׼ҵĵط
ҲûпֱָŹһʻڿУҽеļƷʼõʯ ָٷɡ
·Źﴫͼ񣬡3
ס
ãš

࣬Ӳʱ䣬ͷϵһʯԼ¡
Ҳ֪ǲǴɾڹһ顰ʯͷʱΧȻһᣬ·кܶණƶֺûС
Զӣ㿴ңҿ㣬Ŀⶼ򹮷
֣ˣһݣһ£Чô
һƬﶼǳɳ̵ˣ໹ʮʱͿе֣Ҳǹѡġ
Чô⻰һɶʱʿˮЩ飬Һ͹˵ֻȥ·Ȼ·䵭ɫ䣬ɰܾµҪýӴĶࣿ
ؽԤ滹𣿡ɻǲԽ׶ΣǱѾʮίĿ˵һǡ10%ȾĶҪֱӿ5%
ҪǱ8/9%ѾǱȶԷҪ㣬ǰȥٸɾȫһˡ
Щ飬ϾոյĻûˡȫС
·ǿʯ˿ܸܲȴʮԵĸоЩԭڹµһ̿ʼڱ仯лܵƺҲڱ䡣
ãܾǹ֮ǰ˵Ǹʵһ
ڻѾȷԼνʽĲͬˡ
ɵʻһûзӦ˰·һۣش𣬡ȷԷʲôʱۣʲôʱۣߵĻûгĻȥժ
뵽һЩдƷ˵һˣʱ
˵꣬ҲûǽɣոշµĶҶ
һֱͰ·һ뿪ˣɻûзӦһӻµģ׼ˣգգ۾ ⣬ͺˣ
ɿǱ߷ʧķû˵
׼ǰЩ߲ˣ̲ס˳飬˶Щ㶣̲ס֣Ҫͨ棿
Լǰ͵أЩӦ
ոôһӵĹ򣬵ǷʲôôԷѾˣǡѾȷԼǰЩ߲˹ϹԴﵽȾˮƽˣ
ֱһ㵣ԷʲôũׯΧһȦķΧﶪ˼ʯͷ
գգۣԼǰһʯͷ
üһۣ˵
˵֮䣬Լ½Լ˺ţȻһһٵĿʼ༭Ϊʹ˴ٶ½ÿһҪú ΢עĳ֣Ǳ˼ϾһϢȥֻ»˲˵ע⡭
һ罻ϢũŽպ۵ȾʳģˮƽΪ5%ҷӣۣڴ
һ֣˺һȫֿ˺ܾãŷ˳ȥ


114

114
ũڹעĵط, Ϣһʱ˵ע⡣
үյϢ˲һͨѶϵ˰, ģ
ɷǲˣϵ빮СʱǰɹС, ǸأӦûͿֱӹӦϡ
үӣ·Ǹ˵
·Ҳûи˵ʵ
ɶ֪, ·һٶֶΣɹҶͨѶ֮, ̲סЦ̰˵ôû뵽ɡ
ϵүӡ
үȻ֪·Ǳߵ, ȴҲװһȻʲô֪Ҷ˵
үӷ߷߲ƽĹҶͨѶ, , ڡϴ赤¡
ʱô
˵Ч൱ɫ, Գɷֶൽ˾, Էûп, һ
үһ, ǡϴ赤أ
̫ϧûиҶ˷ѣֻǼ򵥲֮֡
ͨѶͷ˶, үӸ֣ô
ⵤҩĿ츳
үʶʣٷ֮ٵġ 
ո£Լòˣ˵ʲô˼
ʵʵ츳ǵȼ⡣츳δǱߵϻмãȻ
үӶ˶٣ӵء
Ǳʮָɴعƶڰٷ֮ʮϣԶԷ˵û⡣
үӺ˲٣ҶͨѶҴкˣҪȥũϵھߡ
Ѿ˲ǱߵʲôӦˣֻҪϺͶԷ̸һ̸Էʲô˼Ҫôô˼
ǱߣɴеĹԣ𺵽£Լǰˣ˵ʲô
ֵɫɫǰ׵ģԲΡΡɸҷϢѾȷʵʵֶκʵǿĿóٷ֮ȾˮƽȻʳġ
ôܣ ֱӷ
µȻ˵ĵȴҲ̵Ļ˻ȥôܣֱֹһΣĲֳһΣξѾʵ
ڻת߶ɫѿ
˶ǿó²ˣ עܵũǱˡ 
üɫÿǡҩأѲɰɻԼóҩ
洹׶վɫ΢΢˶ŻڣʼûκηӦûκһȷҪǺԣĿǰ˶ΪпҲԼġҩֻǵġҩڸãԡ
ֱһ߷Լǰӣɫ࣬ɡ
һһٵҧг˵֣ɫѿļҪˮˡ
һжƻĺܺãһһõԼҪĶо֮Ψһһ·İ··ϡֱƳԼĽ˶òˣò
һ˵İʳհؼҵĲҵֻҪЩҩʳġٵõؼң൱ڵõˡ
ƫƫ·ûûˣмƻڱһ顣
öû˵֮ûУ
ǸȺʼһŮ쿪ʼġ
˰ҪʡɫжǱߣʶô 
žôɺϣ׼һٷ ͿԵõļֱӹҪˡ
ҲֻǹһͷĹؼͰ׼ˡǣˣҪӶǱ˽ˡ

۶ϲһƬңԼĴ㡣
ͨȴһ±ƣԭֻöʳǿĶôͻȻһӾʹˣͺͻȻֵǮˣ
ǡĴ
ͼռȻʳĵгֱҳһذըʾԼҪֱóٷ֮ʮҵʳģҲһʱ䣬ũһƴҪֱӳ۶ʳģ5%ڵĺö
Ѷ֪˵ʲôźá
׼Ҳǹֱ
Ҳа׼ոֱ˽ģʲôֱڼСʱ֮ǰũŴСũϵĳҲ˶ʳģɫⲻһҪ˵ǺǱº
һ»תˣСˡ
˿ʼĥһĥܾũϵôͳ˷ˮأӶĺ¶ǴǱߴģ֪ϵ߲ǲҲǱߵġ
һתתƵũϵǱߡ
˵ʲôĶУʱûʽۣңȻʳֶԭͺͨŲԽġ蹵ο⻹Ȼʳġ
ͨСpȻֻԸĥЩȤİԣ綹Ϸֱ᲻ʲôũͻȻóĶôɺϣ᲻ֱйصȵȡ
˼άɢôղġ
һüֱֵòɿ֧ԭûôãῴȴǾȺѰС۵Ľ㶼ˣյüֱǸ⵽λ
ҪΪϿⶫûôҪ׼Һɣô󷽵ֱһҪͶԷ̯
һ͵͵ŹЦ·Ǳߵɫȴһ·һ۹ֿһ۹һŶԹе¶̸һ̸
΢΢˶٣ȥ
Լʱ䲻˷ѣ·Ҳܣ˵ʱ˳һҩĵġħһʣһá
·
ԭĵŭҲһиÿЦáȻҲǰûоܾ˼ûУһҩĴŻڣʦҲһüĿ
һ£ŷӦ˵ԭ游
·ҲûӣֱӵҲ֪游ҪԶŻĻؼǣҵЩһĶǾʵȾķԼֲʳĵġ
ϢǴӹʰǱй¶˳ȥ
˶٣ʰԭĸףƺװ·ûг£ʰôôżҪˡԭҪģΪ顣
·£Ҳ֪ˣ游ʧ٣㸸ĸѰҵʱҲʧ١
ۣص۶ˡ
ϴȥѰңʡ
·ҡͷڳۼطǵľźš
ܴ˹⽫Ǳߵġ΢΢̾һǸ 
˶٣ˣϽʵ֮ҲҪȥѰһ 
ġǼСǴųģ²أûаȫУңҲף˻ףǽԽΪҲ޷̫մ
ֻǣŲ²⵽ԭ游ҵĴĳߵżɵɫ΢΢˶٣֪ļǧ֮ôЩأȥˣ


115

115
۵Ȼ, ĥҪҪҵ¸߹һ͵͵뿪ŷӦ, ո̫רעи͵ģȻûз֡
·ʱ򶼲, Ҷû뵽
һһֱӶȽϼҲʮԡ
Ǵӵ۶Źһ뿪ͿԿ, Ǹոյʱ̸֮, Ȼûпڡһǳ˺ܶ࣬ѧ˼ˡ
·Ź, 쿪ʼͻþȵطʼʹþӡҪ, Ż˵ġ
һʱ빫, Ϊ仹δ֪, ھ˵, ܹ黹ҪԼиá
һ, ǰ·Ϊ˹, ϾϢɢȥв˵һӦĶҪл, ෴ˣϢ֮󣬵һӦǹóĶôԼлᱣô
·ʵδָеӱЭҲðķա
νʵ۶ЩȤˣһ棬ţܹҪۣϾҲǺԭġס
˵ıԭ⹫һҵĶһҵʲôʲô˵ǲˡ
ȻиС˼뷭һԭ游µĶܲҵЩߵ䡣
µѾһʱˣǣȻĵɵǸޡ˵ʦ¯ء
£˿·Ҫġεһ˿϶ǴﲻҪ󡣡
·һ̧ͷ˹
Цеյͽܣ˾Ͷˡ
֮ǰ·ǵǸ綼֪Ķȴǵڵ£ûȨңκζʱδؾһˡ
ңǵڵĸǸСӣûκʸֱӴȥ
ֻҪ֮ǰķȥֻԽԽ롰ҲҪεˡ
·Цˣá
˵ҪóѸͬˡ
ǣȻʮϸµĺͰ·һʱĺҪǡε͡˵
ֲǲ˼̻𣬻ĿԴܲˣֳĶ㹻ĿҲʵСҪа·ͱ˶ϡ
ǣǾԲ󣬲Ҫʯʵһ棬½롱ҲܸȤҪվڹûΣյ£˽硣
·棬ɫҲ˵Լ٣Ҫε۸㿪ʣ¶
ѿڶ˵ԼҪһ󣬵׻ǻ᲻þΪ˼ֱӽԼˡ
ô󣬿Ĳ̫ȱֻҪŬ׬ǿ׬ġ
·һӣЦⶼˡ
ĥôұ˵̸ܵģһѾԼˣþòһССıӣҵġ
һ£û뵽ԭĸ׻һ֡
һӦȻǣԭж಻ףȻĸ׷곤Ľ㣬иССꡣ
ĥˣߵĹһȦˣ϶֪ˣ϶֪ˡ
һҲ˶٣Լı飬Ĺһļ硣
һʱͳһöССĽָģʮأټ򵥲һöȦָ֮ˣռӡ 
˻л׿ۿԿƴ֮⣬ǽ涴ԾռӻһμȻԭĸһġ
ҲȻԭ⹫ҵĹȻĳµĶ
ңԭĸ׺⹫ķֱĻҪࡣ
һᶼˣҿռǣ϶չģǡ
ְֶ֡ˣ˵ܵܵԴ֪ һҲô嶯۶ϵ˵ҲΪ˱Щ
ܺ棬ʰȻ¶Ȼĥúϸˣԭĸôģ
ǶԷҲ֪ܲһöָɡ
һҧгݣҾ֪֪϶ǡ
ôôĽߣũϵ·ֳ˵¹ʣԭΪҪ͵ڿǶԷҪ߻ûж
ۿͨ죬ǿſ⡣
޷ͬܣֻǣԭ廹Щ䣬ҲܵɬǰͻȻɳ֣˱ס
һҵǵġ
ĽҲԼܵܵĳŵ
һſϣʪ˺ôһƬ
ѵõûȸܵתǷſ֮ʣ뵽ʲôʱص۶ϵ
ûʲôȤǣҪԭһվ׬õ£ôҲø
ڡıƺ̣ҲԲŹ
ἰص۶һǳˣũϵͦõġ
ԭִڻص۶ϵִҪҵĸףҵ⹫Ҫù˺ÿûʲôȹҪˡ
Цˣֱӵڣֻ㲻ȥĵطûȥ˵ĵط
ֻҪ룬ʱԻص۶ϵκ˶ûӭ㡣
һһ£ֵȻǰʵǿܲ 
೤ʱˣҩĶôָĻⱲӶزȥ۶ˡ˵죬лͰҪˡ
һ
һ˲䣬һеĸжʧˣ˲˸֪࣬Ӧøһжģ
뿪ȴ־Ƕ
лҪ˵ģ첹

116

116
һܵʱ, ˵עתƵũϵΪڼ, ʾ˶ũϵתƣũżǽֶȫתƵߡ
һҪķ꣬ǾǰؼңʱԼҲڽжεĵ
СطĶһˡͬʱ, ũϵӭ˸طӿˡ
ң, ҲЩ˵Ŀʲô
ֻ, ûеѳԹũźͶϼŵĹϣſϺũʽ, ߵ֡
ȻŶ޷Ķ⼯ţǼ۵Ķûʲôȥ򡣿ɼˣҲǿ֡
ֿĲ, ͻȻֲϤǲҵ, ֱ־Ҫũŵķ룬óĻĺö
ƫƫû, ũһ, ó˱ȶϵĸõĶ
ֻ, Ŷûпʼ, ˭֪εΣ
ѲľҪ£׼ǲó
¹𣬻ǿġ˭֪, һֻû꣬ͻȻ˸Ϣ˷˿Ժ޳Ⱦķѽ׶Σ⣬ڲԶĽֱӽȫƹ׶Ρ
谭
ӡҲ˿־Ķ
ˣϢȶԼũͼŵĶȻʳҪ𺳶ˣӦ˵óġҩҪ𺳡
Ѿ׶ΣҲ˵ʽƹѾԶˣ
Բۣ굽ʲôʱһһĺϢ
кȾֶ٣ǲ֤Ⱦӽ쿪ʼͲвˣ
˻ڣѾ˵ˣȫƹ㣬Ҳζţ˶ܲٺ¡Ⱦв
ȻҲ˱ֵ侲һЩ֡ķΣֻ¶ɣھͿʼδҲ̫ˡ
ô򵥣Ҳڵ컹дȥ
ǧϢʵ̫̫࣬ˡ
ûƹ㣬Ҫ̫ϣ
ˮôУˣҲһ̶ϣ
Ȼʳļ۸񰺹󣬾ͨ˶ǿӪȻӪҲеȼ֡
ңͨ˾סԭʹڴȾټӪˮԴȵȣÿʱÿܴȺĺôôܲϲ
ˮҲǵĻϲ˻ţʱûϣ
ϣ¹ʲôҲ˱ͷ
Ȼ˵۶ҷ׷ϰؼңҵȵȴôµʱͷֵĹԵʱҲʼ˸ʵĲ²⡣
Ҫ̫࣬ôֵ£ܽһ£жĳֱйأؼֵνĿ˹ӡֶΣĳֱ䣬ɻطֹ 
һ۳֮󣬾ĬôƬ̣Ҳ֪Ź˼ʲô˼漴ڹֱֱӵѡ
ȻԷ˵ôһ㺬ûֱӵ֣ɣƺѾĬϵ֣˵߲˵ʵѾȫûˡ
漴罻ƽֱ̨ӱҵġսҲãĳֱҲգûһӦɣȴҲѾһš
ֱķ˿Ҳ˵һ֮󣬼Ͷ˼
ҲΪ˲ȶȣǱֻôһ˲СϾǹעŵһֱϲ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôϢһҾȻǵһʱ뵽ϣ
ʱҵȷ֪Σ㡯һۿˮץƤӵ⿵ģζ˵ûӡɵӶš
Ȼеգǣܾ¸ֱѲ ϵ

з˿ţȻҪؼǣ˻٣Ƕÿš
£ʲô˶ʳġ
Щʳ׵˶ĺ
һСŵһЩֶΣҪʳ¡ֱ֪ν
Ц֮ǡϡˣһСͿôҪ
ֺ¶Ҫֿ
߳òɿԼûаϵ£ߵ˲
ɣֻҪһѾ㣬ֳûйϵǱΪʲôҥ
ôĹͣǡŹ ҥǲǺйߵģ
ңֱֵĺܡֻҪǸϹӣֱܿ˿ϵֻ֡˵һŵֱ壬˶ˡ
ĵĹǻȶȲһֱ´ĵ罻˺Ϸ˸Ϣε͡ĵۣһԽġ롮޺֮ǡ
֮󣬻ֶų˼ۣԼʱץĺܺãںҲǺ찡˵²Ǻں졣
ʱȶôãȼʱ˵Լȶȣƾʲôռ
ԭȫǺصģһ£罻Ͼ͸ˣȻˣҲˡ
˵ġ
ŶϳʳģǱĳֱũżƷʸõʳġ
ҵġҩĳ棬ֱóʲôε͡ĵؼǣȻڻûʲô˵ҲûйԼѹǵġҩûʽۡ
ǣ˶ǡҩȻתͬʱǡҩҲӿ조Ľȡ
£ֱѾкü֡ҩȴƫƫѡۣⲻǹңʲô
һǳԹϳԵöЩԳˣһѵȥ׷ʣ⡰ε͡ĵܽٷ֮ٵġӡ
Ȼѡʱ򹫿ۣȻǴذըģ״̬ͬһƳ̿ɴﵽٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮЧ
ΪʾЧֻȶȲǳòֱ֣@˵ӱλҩС󡯣ѯ
Ϊ˾ĻŮսǶ˶궼ˣ罻˺Ҳͳݣûκζһ@ڵӱķ˿˵ֱһưˮһӾը˹
˻ɣ˳˸ж
ڻ˶ΪӱĻ罻ʲôרҵ˵
ɾ벻ǣƫƫӱľ͵½Լ˺ţʮĻӦˣЧʿѯʣᾡ𡣡渽ͼǽʹáŶ衱͡εҩ֮ļ鱨棬лͰ˵ĶС
һ£ȫ˶˵ˡ
֮˵һ䣬ʷӲ˴ԣû֮һ


117

117
õӱλǰŮս񹫿ԡ, ҪֱӸʲôĴ
ǾʲôƷ, ûҪλɣ
˵ٻɣ⻹ҪôɣٶɣڵӱλŮսǰԵùڲ԰
ЩƷ, ൱λŮսмԴȥλУǲ֪λŮս񵽵ӵжٷ˿, ֵжٸ
һ˲䣬Ƕ⡰ĵ͡εۺڴ
, ݵ۽ӱлͰóʮϸµķȻʮȷĸˣ⣨Ȼ, һѾųôκ, κ״̬, ֵҩ׸״̬
Ϊӱ·֣ٱڼŵ, лͰ, ĸӰ, ĸڼѾӰ졣, Ӧòб˻Ҫأǵ͵İ
Ҫ, ӱ˶֪ġ
Ϊʲô˾ӶߣΪս֮ܳȾٽ;˫رԲŲò
ɣƫƫյӱڵļⱨ״̬Զ˶ҪáҪǣӱǶ⹫٣Ϊʲô紵ݶýͨڹע
ԣ²⣬Բ϶ε͡ĵû⣿
õһ²̲֮סˡ
˶ڷˣǸһס
ΪǸܴڵġ
϶Уо꣬ŵõͷϵЩ֮⣬ôѹ
ó10%ҵ߹Ǳϰ˵Ҫ5%ҵĶóҩҧ˵ֱӴĸã˵ſھǸ֪νֱóʲôε͡ĵ˾ġ
νġӡķǼֱǻĵõȻûȫȴҲ֪¶ǲܵġ
ǻҪȥ𣿡ͨųȥ֮󣬵ҲûǿۡѾ˿ʼˣؼǣǸʲôֱĸǽߣȷ浽ҲûɿڡԭĴ㣬һɡ
˵Ҫ޷Ǿһ㣬ڣ̣ϿۡܶԷǱûУϣ΢⣬Ƕҵɳ֮
ڣĿǰ˭ҿ϶ũǱߡû⡣ж˵ģпԼ
ɫѿ£ʣͷж𣿡
˵ĳĬһɵѾ׹òǲǱ
ѾǼǧ꣬ͨҲôúƵġϢڷϲҪϢҲô׿԰쵽ġ
ο¡
𺣬Ļ˹ӡķ
ɫ΢䣬ȻЩ£΢΢̲֮סǶѾóҩˣʵڲ֪еôĵơǶ٣Ҫ΢һΪá
˵𺣬ֻóǼҩʲôģţǣʲôʳȷġӡһҪֱѹҲš
ûб˽ԣĶ˭оģⶼ޵棡˭ɵ˽Ķֱӹ
˵ƳĶҪôӴŶӣҪͶʶõ㣿ѡֵ촽һƮƮľͿԶǣооĶֱӿҪѣ޿ܡ
˶٣ʶ뵽һ㣬˵·ʧٺŵĵط
ũϵ
üͷ𣬡أ
ҲũϵǣߵжǶйϸѲ顭
ǣһ֮⣬벻κɣƫƫ¶ũϵǱ߿ʼģô붼Ծ
ȥũϵȽ˴
תͷȥѰʰʱõЩʱܾﲻԣܸеȱЩʲôԽòԾ
мŹ¶ڹԼ˵ȷ̫Ҫͦæģһʽ׵ĹҪ͵͵̳ϸҪ͵͵о
Ҫ·͵ӱ˻ߵˣˮ⼸ҲԼͷ͡ĵԼεȣֻӬͷСڹߣ߹Ŷ衱ʱҪŲţ±ǷԼաҵ
ڡҵֻǣע㲢ˮǱߵġ衱ġˡ ȶǻס
ôףڡһϣʯ͡õ˼£ôûԼʵϿȻˣҲ˿ԻȤÿ쵤ҩˣôʱȥס
жװʻȵȡǳ˵ӱˡؼǣɻ֣ܳũǱߵڶضҪʻ󡱡
ɣǰ·޷֮Ҫʮֻؽ̵ȡùաˡⶫһʱоġ
ȻôŬİŪףҲûгɹԼǰŪġô£ҲʵʵԼѾСһׯ԰úˡħ󡱣ֻƾЩѾʳĵĹ
һֲأѡСײˣũֵרҵ15ͿԲѾȥһˣСײѾŲСҶ
ЩǼÿһ춼ھ⣬ؼǣÿһֲ֮󣬶ﵽ˹Ԥڡ
󷽵ĳԼµõġӡţЩũЩӦÿ໨ġ
ˣѡ˼鿴ԣĵأԼҪĸҩġ
ԣ̸ɴ֪ͨϼʽ۵ʱũѡͬһһСʱۡ
̳ǵͬʱ¸ߣ¹𣬿־Ͷˡ˵Ķʲôȱأ
ҲҪſ֣ҲܺǱߵҪôļ۸񣬺ͶٵĿ档
˵ʵҲԭ⹫µϣҲĶֻǶԴǳŵӵĲΣԣԡħҲûʲôо첻ʲôЧõġҩ
ȻˣԷԭġҩҲǡŶ衱ͬģҲóġ
ֻǣЩġߡȥأֻǳûˣʲôʱ򳹵ʧˣ
ͬĻ£ţߵʵǿҲӦ棬ǵڵˣĸʸ󡣿ȴʲôûдϸ·ռǣҵһǳĵͼ֪ûлҵǸַĵط


118

118
ùͨ, ǹֻǱߵ˶޹עһεϼܡ
Ȼ, ̶Դ˻㹻ŵģԴʵ̫ˣЦһԽֵĿ϶
Ǹֱĵ, ոٵĸԣôũŵķ棿
Ȼʱ֪Էʲôֶ, Ķģۿƽ̨ԽԽ, ҲֱӴﵽǿ۷壬̲סЦһ, ֻṩǧݡ
ӦĿǰĿ档
, ϺŲ, ȵʽ۵ʱǵĶԻһһ졣
߼, , ؼҵһ, ûһ⡣ԼЩվڽ̫˽ˡԽȨǮ, ԽǰЩվڶ֮, Ϳʼĥоϵġɵֺγһԭ
ܽ͡⣬˵õ˭᲻Ķ
Ѿ뵽ȵǱʽ֮󣬻жϵøƷʵ߲ˡЩϺҪһĵģֻδˣ
ÿ߲˾һңۼΪһõһݡ
۸ڿǰһ̷ųΪ֮զࡣ
һ˷ݵһ͵һһ¶Ҫõ㣬ֱǡǮ
Ǯնõô죿
˭ֲ֪߲˶Ҫģûʲôֱνҩûũ˵Ҫ۸ˮ׼߲ˣ·ֶ֣ӡһ֮󣬻ôķ粨ǲֻ֪һ㣬Щ߲˲ôų֮󣬾Ƿַӱ⡣
ģ¹ЩϺôÿص£ǿ϶͵͵ﺰ㣬Ȼ
ɣٿļ۸񡭡вﶼֹ
ͶһóġҩиãǾͲ֪Щ߲ûˡ
ȱõģֹż۸̫ߡ
ȱõģ̵Ʒɡ
ԣȵʽ֮󣬺һȻǡģ
Ѿ̳ͬʱĶ£һ¶һǹЩţŤͷߵİ·ˣ
·ȴЦһеè˵˹
Ҳˣ߲˱Ͼ5%Ĵȣ߲ѵӦ𣿡
·ֻ˵̵͹˾ȸµӰΪԼۣгɣʵϣھӰ£ĺöҲһԳ۳ȥο̵ġҩı⡣óʲôֵģ
ǵĿʼ٣ʮӹȥһݵҲûбꡣ
·Цļ۸ͲƷûϣȻ֡ûжԱȾû˺
΢΢ɣҵĶȥɣ
·üһϵĲࡣ
۸أ
·ֵֻҪ㿪ۡ
ֻǸүӺ͵ӱ߾ֱӽ⣬жپĶٵ֡
΢΢˶٣Ҫ˵ԱȣȻҪöԱȶȸһ㣬Ȼô㹻أ
۶ȺˣУͨѶֱӴԼĺ һСʱϼܣһһҲһһ
΢΢˶٣̵ֱɿҲ֪̺֮Ͷϵûʲôɫʲô
ǣڹĻҲǰɶûУֱ޸ļ۸Ϳ档
߼۸ͿոշųҪԣܣܳԼǰĹԡ
ũţԴӸֱĽŲ֮Ӳأ
һ㶼ͣǱ߷ȥĶûб꣬ԿũŷųĽĿ棬ⲻǴʲô
ɣӲҲܿһ⣬ũǱ߲һе
һʱ֮䣬罻гԹǾ͸ӷرóˡ
ǱֱеͨѶ˽ʣµĿ涼
΢࣬ǡ
ĶôܴȱݣҲʳģļ۸ԭҲֻг۸ѡңڴ֮ǰļ۸޼ۣ
ļ۸Ŀ棬ԭΪӦǷַӱ⣬ȴû뵽ǱߵˣĴ
Ȼ֪õĽľûгʦЭǱߵ⽻ûиٶ˵ôܴﵽĳ̶ȡ
Ⱥ
˫ȭԼǰԵҳûҪũǾܷųôĶ
ﲻ5%ڵˮƽҪũŵ˱ĭ
ɫһƬɫҲǳѿûǽԼߵһݻҵҪɵóôĶ
̳ǵӣֵռ˾޴
΢Ͻָ׼ȥ˸ͨѶϤ죬ȥѶϵĶһݡ
׼ŶϼŵĶ½ף΢΢죬 ⲻǸˢ𣿡
˵ܶϲôƵûԸ𣿡ʵʵоӪġ
ֱŵȶȣԲ㶪ˡ
׼ġѡ˾ǸЩһһݡŶ衱˵ЩϡЩġ
׼ǱҲ۾Ǳׯ԰ûг죬һ߲ȫӹǱ߳뵽ڶǱ߳ĶζƷʣͶϼǱһԱȡ
˲ӦţЩŵȶȣҲ޶õġ
˸ո˵껰Ѿ˿ʼˡ
·Ա߿öЩĿɿڴȻû뵽ġӪֶΡʱЩͬˡ
ʱһȥóһѾ״
һҲûţ罻ȸ̳ɵȵطѾѺעĵط 
ڲ²ũϼܵĶ ڶ೤ʱۿա
⣬۾ȥ·գ
עѾҪƲסˡ
·̲סĳ˳飬ʵʵϷ⣬ССֵĶģ߲һǧõ㣬һҲһõȡ
110ѹһҲһõѡ
һһõ㣬ǣסҿ̹డ 
ôСǶ⣬ο⻹ŵ⣬Ȼܾܾߴ٣·ͷա
ԱߵĹһԼͷϵ㻨Ǯ׬õʱǱ벻ܴ
ۿŹһϰٸעһҲԼ㻨Ǯȫȥ·ҲϽ̳ǵҳ棬׼ڡա湱һԼ
Ͼһ򣬻һ
˭˿ΪҲϼǱƵĽУһСĳһ룬ùһõ㣬Լ²̫ù
лҪ˵쿪ʼָ
͵ֻеһκ͡Σ
Ҳԣ
쿪ʼָ

119

119
ϼſһСʱ, ũžʽˡ
һСʱ˵Ҳ㳤, ҪǶ룬ſţǾĲˣÿ¡
үӵ˶ԼǰĹԶգ, ͷһ취ƴ٣һԼߵˡ
Ҫ, ǻ
ǿɲͨôùһϼܵĶȻǻû, ֱĶⲻǸ˵Ūġ
ۿʱȥ, ٵʱҲŽǲ, Ǻ氡˵, ǿǻעġ
󣬡աһעµ13, ǿͶ˲õȥ, ɲܾôˡ
۰Ͱ͵Ķ, ȻôһиոҳѾ˱仯
, 鼸Ҫըˡ
ûˣ
ʲôЦ͸ոһĹҾգ˸۵Ĺѣֱˣ
һƷ, һļ۸һĿ棬ôô𣿡
Բۣոշʲôҵ100õûˣ
ΪǸոտ۸µӡԣ˶û뵽ũһĶֻǸոտۣȻûˡ
ⲻ밡TMﵽһʱˣ
үӳԼǰҳ棬һᶼûзӦǻûпʼ
ԱߵѾˡ
үˣһûأ
һһǸүûҲһû¸ûйϵôﶼûá
漴үͻȻЦ
Сһۣ үү
үƳһۣȴֱ뿪ˡ
ףô챻գûȻǲʹ죬ǣʹôأ
ȻǸ˵
Ǳ߰춼ûзӦһֱߵСûûûĵҪҪͨ취Ūм⣿
ɫӲŤͷȥ
Щˣ춼˵һ仰Сģڣٶ̫ˣѾǵһʱµˣǡ
ۿ̵ɫԽԽѿҴұ죬ŷӦԼ˵ʲô
ˣɣ²˵ȵҪʱ򣬳ԿĲҲ
еĹԺݺ˵ϣŤͷ뿪
ԭɫҲòôÿũŵĶԸҲԸġ˵ܱ˼ұϵĶ
ҲǵģҪݺÿһʼӦ˰ȥĶԼԼݡԴڱ˴ָЩ˦ɫ
˵ũŵĶ5%ڵʳģóĶֻ10%ҵģǼ۸ȴһģһģǸˣ¶֪Ӧôѡ 
ôֹµҲҷҴϵ˴ĵˣ취ܴܲӶԷеõݶ
۾һʱŲǹעʲôģҴȥԼעļ۸̣ʤ۵ӣһ˫ޱȡ
·ԱߺЦһ߲˾һõ㣬ٿԷǧ࣬ЩעӮĲŶ٣
һ㲻ӿߺôһ
ǰ׼Ǯ
һҲоһ
õ㶼׬ģЩȴǿġ顱۹⡱õİ
ȻеҪ͡ʵǹɲĸ˳̶ȡ
ЦҪˣЩõӦô
֪һЩͨʳģ֮תʽô
ҪЩҩĵڻ˰·ʵЩֻܴһЩʳġңƽʱҲҪ
ôţ͵͵ĴԼǸ̳ǣоô֡
ԱָϽϵ˰׼𣬡ǱͳƵж٣𣿡
׼һΣû
˵ˣԼû
ʵʵСˣ֮ǰרϵ˺ü ɣȻû
ȻԼҶ֪ЩǱġ
һӶַһݡ
׼۾ˣͿʼϵˣʼͳ
Ӫʡûϼζඪ
ⶹҪӪô¶ôdissũűաȴȥ֪ôġ
ϵһ°׼׵У֮ǰٷһһ棬һ
ɵǼڷĽûֱӦǡ
֪дȣһһ֤
Ǳ߸ո˿棬ҳϴӡ˼ۣһһηˣ̲סȥǱߡ
ԭ˵ũģҲûлˡ
ʱ˾ȱٱȽϡûǲãǶǱȳġ
˵ⶹó߲ˣһʼ䶯˶˰ ۰Ͱ͵Ŀǿۣ
أ
棬ҾƮˣȻ𣬳Բ𣬿ҾȻеϼųĶˡ
ƮĲֹһҿžöϼֱû ˼ũŶó5%ĴȣǻҪԼ10%˼ұգٴϼܣȴûһ㷴Ӧ
˶ʱЦũϼܣƻٱաǡϼܣһûģΣɴ಻ϼܣ

ϸֵ٩ϣɫ࣬ϵҲŭѣԭΪһε£ͿԳɹ
ʧȥƷҵʲô˵ģǽҪֱʳгŶʳģʲôʳгòµģôҲû뵽ôĿũֱӲǴ
Ǳ߶ûһÿĲȥ˸߼򰡣õ㹻м⡣
ҾͲţľôףũҵûԴֱӷˣ
ֻҪԷϼܣǾ͸Ļ
ȫЩζˣ԰ԱûпڣʵϴҶףʳĲ˵˵ũֻǳֻƤ˵˵ϼܣ˵⡣
ⶫǿʱ˵ģũŻô٣
ңȫ׶Ѿħˡǿ壬ǲ뿴塣
г۵ĶʳģмУ˵򣬾Ǽ۸ߣũ油ҲôĽ
ڲǺũԣں;ںԣӮǸֱ䣬ũŵĲƷ֮ǰÿܻһ˿ϣʲôȻ
ǵĵ٩ͳЦȻһ䷴Ļ˵ڡŴӶϽΪеʱ򣬾Ӧ뵽һɣ
Ŀĳȶϣɫ΢㿪ǻϵÿһۣɫԽԽƳһ۶ȫ㲻Լˣǲ 
лҪ˵ȻѾϷޡ ôˣǣһ
ˣУûж ϴͷ

120

120
ȫһ, ԰ŭ⣬ô, ͻȻӦ԰ո˵ʲôɫʱһ䣬˵ʲô
ڣȫ΢һĲѾֱ, ԡ԰̧ͷȫ㲻Լȥ, Լȥֱ俴ɡ
˵֮, ԰ѾֱͶӰ˳ǰʱȽϻ硣
ȶȵȷȽϴ, ңؼǣεºǸֱҲЩ볣˵ĹϵԭǲԸ, ҲҪ˵ǲȶȵ, ǣ׼˵֮, ĸǡŶ衱
, һӾͳЭˡ
ΪǰֱĹǺ, , ǸɵӣҲ֣ġҩ, Щ衱Ĺڲ½˭֪ɶʱˣ
˵Ⱥرٿ쵽ûȵĳ̶ȣĻᣬǸɵӣҲԲܴ
˵׼Ҳ˵ˣҪ˵κμٻʵʵĽֱ
㲻ľȥ˶ϵĶȻѾϰһٶȽũŵĶҲ˳͵͵߰׼Լûĵ̰īһݣȥ̳ͨͬƷƣֲܵǡ
ֱԤѾȥģͬҪֱвˣֱȶʵ͡ոսϢųȥֻգ۵ĹֱѾӿˡ
ʲôʱڡ
2333Ҿ˵Ǹûзqia
ˣһ£Ϻũŵģ۪ʳĸǴǸֱģ
ֳԴ2333

ĻȫĵĻһûסǺݺݳ鴤һ¡
ãһ㶼á
͵ģ绹Ҫװʲôûпϻ˵ĿҶũźͶԣϼܿ˶ʳģ۸񣬿涼Ǿ˵ƣ˶ڹעЩôôļֵ
ϳĶǷд˵еĸãũŵĶǷǴ˵֮˵ģﵽ˼ܵ5%ڵĴȡ
˵֮䣬ֱչʾԼǹͳһ١
չʾһһҳ棬Ҹոĵǣȫµģݵ
ֱ仹ڸ۲ݣҲǰСʱڣͽյ߸ݣһһ𿪣װʳĺõͷǰ档
һ˲䣬ʳչԼǰʱ;òˡ
ֹǳ鴤ĿŵĻĻǵ٩ҪǺ𣿡
Բۣũŵı־ɣôԵģ
⡭⻹ʲô

԰ôǰӣֱֻͨɿԿǰʳļµĲЩ˿˵ģˮƽԣ⻹ʲôɲԵģ
ȻƷֶһƷֻ࣬ǷͿԿʳĵȫһ
ϼŵˣͿŸ⾫Ǹϲ˵ɫƷࡣûбȽϵ£һС˺ũŵĻƹϷһ𣬾һһֻǡ
һŹ⣬һȻʧ
ȫɫЩ㱣ôܡ
԰ɫ侲ʲôǲܵģⲻѾǰ𣿡
԰Ƕϵˣȫҧгݵ Ŀˣʲôô
԰Ĭû˵Ͽ˶ʲôôûСǣûκηκս˰
ֱʵԭͲǿԲ룬ϼġãֱպóţ޷ĶҲϡ档
ƷٺãҲֻǿźÿѣ߲˵ıְҪǡӡĶ١Ҫÿƹˡʲôʱ򣬶ÿʹóԣʹƷʸˣ ȫֱĶ˫ȴѾ߬ýˡ
û˵ʳģȫλ˿֮󣬡ǽֱӽСӡˮƽԡ
ȣȻǶϼŵˣ˵ʵҼƷʵ10%ԭѾǶʳģǵ۶ϵһЩߵҲܼʳʼмУõҲ򲻵
ÿһ仰˵ķǳпϣǣ˵⻰ʱԱ߻һƷʸ߳һ㣬ߵ۾ͿԿ̶ȵʱǾЩemmˡ
ڲ֮ĶƷط൱ϸ٣򵽵ڽеһֲ֮󣬶õȫһĴ𰸣10.3%
ȻͷϵˣͨͬһλõĲһģԿ϶ϵ˵ȷﵽ10%ҵƷʡ
̲ס˵һ飬ܴҶѾƮˣǣһҪǿһ£˵10%ҡӡˮƽʳķǳ٣ܹʳֵȼʳģڻԵҲԶһʱ䡣Ϊʲôʳۼ˸ߵĳ̶ȡ
Ҳ΢΢ۣʶڴ֮ǰ˭֪
ǣ¶һʶĨˣȻ˶ƮˣȻǾ10%ҡӡˮƽʳĶϡզˡ
Լڲ֮󣬾ȻЩʧġ
10%Ӧ˵10.3%
ɣͷոָϽԺԼһƣԼϽѣƮƮˣֱƮˡ
˵֮ҲЩƶû߶ǣҴԼеĲǣǻƹˡ
ƹʳ̶Ȳö˵ܾǸողժֱӼĳģС̶һĶءεģֻǿž֪жྫ¡ƤɿᵽµĻƹζѾ֪֮һȥôζ
ŲǣЩ᲻ý֮ƻвˡ
΢ƿһƹϵƤǵȥ1.5%ǸĿüզࡣ
ֱҲɵۣ԰ȫҲɵۣ⣬⣬ôܣ
԰ֶ΢΢ã
Ǹֱ䣬ʲôǲܵأ
ŲǵָǶֱ䵯ĻҪˢˣԲۣ
Բۣ㶶΢һ㣬ҿ
TM5%ڣҪlvҡ
5%ÿһСĽǾ˵ĺⶼѾ 1.5%ˣTM˵5%ڣ

ʳģ10%ڵÿһС仯ֵע⣬οǡ1.5%5%֮ı仯 
罫ƹϷ£ȻֵԼķ΢Сһ㣬ٲһ飬ûб仯Ĳǣһһһ顣ƷһչԼġȶǲԳ˼ȫһģһݡ
ʿˮ ǻһλãٲһ顣
ʼõĲǣָŻƹϰѶλãǻƹλãһ˵ǡӡˮƽ֮ߵĲ֡
ǣʧǣһ飬ʾϣʾŵһģһ֡
Ļ˵ʵɣֱֱ1.41.21.21.3ȾˮƽŵҲǰٷ֮1.4ָ·ѵһл


121

121
ǵ, ̶ʱڣֱȶѾֱӰռ罻ѵһλá
ȶȼעĻ, ѾԤġ
Ȼ£԰Ƕ֪ӦþƳֱȥ鿴һѵһôгȲžһ¶ǵӰ, ٿӦô£, ԰ȻһûС
˵ԱߵĶȫҲһ
þ֮, ȫһƵԼԱߵӣŭ, ܣܡ
԰Ŀûʲô, ʱ˵ʲô, ܣʲô
ıǸӴ̼˶ȫ, ȫݺݵ,  Ѽ, , ѼѼ
ֱӿŶ԰, ʲôֱѾϰֲֶ࣬Ҳţ
ȫǲǹ߷գô˶ôЩôõЩģôĵЩģ
԰ͷԼϵݣûпڡ
ʵϣȫһֱĹһ⣬Ӧ˵⣬һ⣬ЩĽǰٷ֮һࡣ
ЩҪǿⰲŵģǣЩ
ֻЩѾǵˣο԰ѵһǸԽԽĲв߲˵ƷʣûһǸڰٷ֮һġ
ûһɹȻġζʲô
ζŹ۵һݶǰٷ֮һڵݣϺ˺߲ҳһ߲ˣڰٷ֮һˮƽ
ûУ¶԰רŸ£Ҳʮֿ϶˵𰸡òһ߲Ʒʣ
ȻȴȻǲ֪Ӧ˵ǱӦ˵Цˡ
һȴǿѣһ£ǡ⡭𣿡
ǵϴṩ߲˻2%3%ңôһôࣿ
һӦȻǲٹ棬Ʒǲˣ
·ԱȴףŤͷʣ㽫ᴿˡ
ըȻҪбըЧЦеûбըЧôը
⽫һȥĶеһΡӡҲô¶ٲһħ󡱡
ȻĿǰĲЧǲġ
ңҴſ˿ũǿڵҪﵽˮƽӦòѡ
ħ󡱵Чǳãǹû뵽ģʱ಼ֶ˲ٸ󷨣˵һ컹ܽʳĵļ۸񳹵״ӡķòˡ
ŹЦʮֿģҲ֪ʲôʱʼĻҩ
һδһˬһֱһֱˬ
Ŀ껹ˣ͸Ӹˡ
ֻϧΪùȥũϼ߲ˣͬȼƷȴۣҳϼܵ¶ϼźҲʼûж
Ǿÿϧ˼Ҳܱܲ˼ɣ
ֻܵͷȥоԵģ⼸ĥ˺üΣץźʿԳԵзˡ
ÿ굽зʱ򣬵źĶˣззܽз⣬з۶ȵȣؼǵȵзеʱзͺͣǲ㵽ɷͺͰ跹ǰ棬ֻĶһ
з󣬳ԣзۣззඨȻҲ١뵽סʿˮˡ
зҪúǽһʱʳãԹһ
һץֻзһֻֻžͷˣ
ʱ䣬ʼûжҺͶϼţżźĺһһֱɡ
ûֿҲ֪Ϊɶ˴ҲǱ·͵ӱǰˣһȤûУǿֱɡ
ֱԤոմȥһȶȣֻҪͷ΢еʱģŽˡֱ䣬Ѿܵһʳֱˡ
ֱѾҹ˺ļ£ؼǣһֱ䣬˾һԹŶʲôʱ£֣֡۵ģ붼ŮԣЩʼûиϽŲ֡
ĳЩˣŮԭĴҶһƤãǾνˡͻȻһ£ĳbugbugˣǾȫһˡ
񣬡Ŷ衱ﻹֻݡʹãҪȥож˵ⶫͼתģ
ɣҪԽԽ࣬¾Ȼڲϼ٣ڷ˿˵ֱĥ 
ԱȽ϶ǲȴǵһ˵֮еġε𣿡
֪ΪɶҵġҩϼܾˣôҲ繫ġε͡ĵȻҲϼܡ
˵ſ֣Ȳ
˵ĿǰЩ߲ˣǡŶ衱ļ۸˵Ҳͼһ¡ε
ҲΪһ㣬ֱȶԽԽߣ֮ͨеԽԽߣӦ˵ֱȶȣλãԼλãֻǣȻڲʲôڸ¡
ֻǣΨһͬǣĿǰֱλãڴƾġȴʼձţԶվ
ֻǣǹܶû뵽ֱλᣬûдڸеľȻʳۣһĵӣѾܾûпˣʽʲôеֻţ̫æǲЩ¡ǵʳϣ𣿡
˵ʳҪ˵ûϲֱʳӦ˵ֻҪֱ䣬ƷʳĶˡ
ɣһʱ䣬ûпĶֱʵˡ⻹ҪôȣֱѹԵʤ
˵Щˣ±¹ǿʲôƺȡʳҪҪȡʳҪ׬ǮǡŶ衱һѹ̫̫ŮˣŮõŵġ
ʳɲ˾һ
ƼҪһܲѣˢƵﶼˢҪۿһȺ˿ôŬ΢ġ 
ɹעô࣬Ļˢٶʵ̫ˣҰ·ǵľ̻ˢʵ̫ĿĿģֻʹЦ
ȻǹעŴ̻⣬Ŷ衯ֻή
ۿǰЦε͡ĵ׼ãҵǡҩۣٷ۰ûжԱû˺ǲȥһǱߣ
˵֮䣬ֺݺݴһ
Ǳ߸ոմֱ䣬ɫһƬڡȵȻ罻Խֵʱ򣬻Ǵǿʼ۵ʱ÷ˡ


122

122
ڵﻢ, ôû뵽ũռݾƵʱ, ʼˡ
ǵģǰ죬ũŽѾﵽ1.5%ڷˮƽ߲˽˶νۣݲͬʳ˲һĶ, ˵ƽÿ߲˵ۼ۽ǧҡ
ֱӱȻ߲˶Ž˼ۡ, ԭг۵ĴͷũңԾԹ, ҲǾԲ㿪ڵġ
Ȼԭָһʵ̾Ȼſ, ۲ȥľ硣
֪ǲǷˣĺöô, ôг, ʲôɽۡ
ƫƫɾôˣƵ·ߡ
, ˵Ƕ, ˵ֵµ, ԼҲʼЩˡҲЩôȷ, Ϊ漸µʱ˸߼չ˼ݣּ, ˾˵1.5%ڵķˮƽ֮⣬κë
Ǳ߳оÿһǩ˱Эڶʱڶַ˻ȴʼÿžԡ
֪Ǵ˵֮еġųӷ
̿ʼȷʲôֱǲЧͻġε͡ĵ
ؼǣʧȥټʾȥũϵʲôܵũϵƫƧĵط
߬ɫֱ࣬Ǹ˿ʼĽ׼ʼʳһվأǵ˵ũϵûУʲôڡ̡Ҫֱ֪䵽˭Ūġ
ڿɲֱ䵽˭Ūֱ˵ʲôˡ
ĿĿűһһŷڰϿʼˢϴз˶ˡ
⣬Ҳܳԣ͡ӡãзͷǽϴģڰϵģСǳȭͷСǸСϴСһȻţȴҲǻģʱҪŻὫԼײеǯӻ
⣬Ĳˡ
ӾǶٶǰĶ֪Ӧðڸʲô顣
ޣֲʳĶʤǾͲףΪʲôҪսǵļޡҪȥƷǲеĲܡ
Ҫ˵֮ǰ֣˵ʵҲЩţǰⶫ 
ųªҪǷȾûгôţǺͳҲûʲô̫𣬳ս񾭡
ǣĻҲ˷ڵĻԶŻһֱһ仰һзˡݳʦЭǱ˵ԶŻʮְзİ
˾ôĬĬĿŵĻٿĶ˶Դ˱ʾл
һΣǾԼӦòᱻ
ȣһֻз϶ûж⣬Ҳûʲôо˵ôģôƺܳԵӡ
ȻҪҪܶ໨
ָָͷ̫ģҪз
зڲܳԣƣҪ֮󣬴ҲܳԡΪʱܳԣԹھͿʼˡ
зΪҪֱ֮ӳԣؼҪĸɾڶҪúþƳַ͡
зѾˮ˺ü죬ɰʯѾ¸ɾҲǹζϸµˢϴһ飬𸶸꣬ණ޳ˮֵͬʱȥζƷ
ؼȻǻȻǸֵĵζͣнǱǵȡзϣѾ׼õ̳ȴַ͡
Ļһˢˣͺˣ
̳ˣ˵ʵûиܵʲôζ
⿴ͲǿԳԵİ
˵ǿܲţҵصǸơԲۣǸ㰡
˵һ㣬֮лŻµ˿˿ζҲ֪ѹ˶೤ʱģζŨ೤˲ѡʱŽעзתƵ˾ϡ
ٶмơộˣ
໣ҳҾͳһڣһڡ
˵˿ǰ·̲סС̳϶࿴ۣǾȷˡ
ֱķ˿۰Ͱ͵Ĵչһʼûܽע˿Ҳݿ֮е˿˿ƾ㣬Լﲻˡ
Ϸ˿۾Ҳ̲סˣ֮ǰƷģֱӺȣʱǳǳѾ̺ǹɾ㡭µĺ⡭Ϸ˿Ǻݺݵʿˮ
Ҳ뵽Լ֮ǰ˲䣬ٿǸСС̳ӣҲ˼ֲһĸܡ
λسʦ󻨷ôˮֶҲ϶򵥡ʳԶʱڿǴõʳģװ˷ˣΪ⿡ȻзЩ䣬ɱӦûз˵뵽Ǻζ̲סʿˮǱλسʦ
óԣΪʳĲãΪǲ
ɲ֪Щ˿Ϸô࣬ˣȻ⣬һһ࣬Գ齱͸˿
˿ֱڵ̲סզ࣬ǼʱĲ١
ۿŵĻˢû꣬ҪĳͨĻףٿֱ˿ϵҲ֪Ӧֲźˡ
תǼްɣƺҲûʲôˣѾôˡ˰죬ֻܵһɡ
ֱˣܸоԼûʲôжǼġ
ݷûж
ļѾ㲻ˡ
ĸˡе˴ϵ
ô䵭ķ˿Ƕ̲סĳ˳Ĳԣооôһ·˿ǵĻԡ⻹ǡŨ⡱׶Σôûˡ顱أ
ֿ࣬ʼԱߵĴзһ˫ӶġŪ١ơ
һޡͺ͡ҪʮֻзֻѾзơ
࿪ˣŽϴĺõзȡ˻ƣÿзȵȷ֮С
ո˿˿Ƶ㣬ͱⶵͷô鲻дģ˷׷׳Ĭôһ˲ 
ĬĻϵ־ԵЩĿˡ
ⱻзġѳɡҪ԰ɣ


123

123
һ̶·һƬž, ûˡ
ֱз˿ôżִζĿһ֣ǰ, û˵һ仰
ۺնֱˡ
Ҳ̲סĳ鴤һ£Ķ ҲЩ̫Ծ, ôŵģĴôʼ, ǰЩʣµʳģ
ٺͷ˶Ťͷȥ, ⡭ܳԣ
ϵıҲǸһѾɵ׻ʶԼ侲Ŀǵ, ԶŻȷʵСзơʳ
ԣֱӵ
û˵Դζⲿ֣ȴֱӷʻȥ, 㲻ԣ
٣
ʲô, ׼ʲôϣͿʼ, ǳ鴤һ, Ҳûкǰflag, Ĺڵġ
ȻⲿλʵˡһѾ, ΪһʳƷңΪʳĵһ֡ʳ
ΪһʳңؼĲӦþС顱, ¡ðա
ȻٲϳϵǣҪԭ룬λسʦһڴ漣ˡؼǣʵǱĴ̫࣬еۣҷ˵
Ȼû˵ĵȻһ뷨
ǰλسʦ˫־ħ̫ĲܡʳζıȻʳĵĴڣת״̬һ֣·Ϳ磬ĿΪ֮
ǰƺûʲô⡣ȥΪ֣Ϊ⣬sb̫֪
ֹǶϷۣһ˼һģһ뷨
Ҫ˵ˣǿ϶Ϊˣ 
ܴ
ȻЩ·ۣлͰ˾Щˣ۰Ͱ͵ĸϹóԵģ·ϾͷֱѾˣ㶼ľȽֱţ´ʲôҪʱ̣ɣ£Ѿͣ˹ׯ԰⣬ȻЩҽȥˡ
ɰͰ͵ĿԼ裬зʲô𣿡
ӱܾش⡣
ޱĽ⿪ȫ׼ݣֻǣʱƺ˼¡
Ƭ̵ĳĬ֮󣬵Ļ죬ġ͡ڷţֱ֪νһںŪڣ
зһûԼȨһּµĥ
衣
ֱ
ʲôתǿջΪʲôûеٴΪʲôûмѧ١ȡ裡

ˮۼĺǴŽ࣬ĳЩڼϵġ͡Ǹ࣬ڮٲڶ
ٶʱͲˡ
ȷЩ¿ʳģⲻô˵뷨ܸıԹѾǰٷְٵĳݡ
ЩۣʱֱڵĻ
үӻǽҲûǿֱʱֱ˳ȥԼüȺŸʲôһȥ
Ȼ⹮ѡʳĵɺ뷨ǣⲢ˾Ϳڮٰ
ûƼһʦѾԿʼᴿʳ𣿲˵ģÿˮȥӡһĹͣ
˵ǺұţʱûϼܵġεĵҲһʱ䵽Ǿߣڵһ߿ʼ˲ʹãﵽ˺õٺõЧ
˵λ¹ʲôʳĶǾζһһĶҲ뺰㣡 
򹷣мֵôйأ
ֱַǷĵĻٿ˲ˮûסˣɣֻҪ׬˾С
ڱ䣬˵ϾͻᱻĺһȥǲܣҲںõõ㣬δʯʵʵĺô䣬һ
зƺڹһ㰾ζҲһˡԱߵСɰ๾ðСݣǹһ޷ζ뵰Ʈ䡣
ֱѴˣһ۾ҲˣôСɰʿˮ࡭㣿
ʡɣ 
ζˡ
ĻҲ𽥳ĳЩ˵ǿܲţ֪ΪɶܾԱǸζء
Բۣ㲻һˣTMҲҪˣҲ˵ܾԼǸBTˡǹ㰡
Ƴҷ֪ʲôǾζһұǼ꣬ҲĲ
˿һɰһڰƵͺ͵ĹһԴһ˫ۣɰԼۻˡ
ζлͰǲҲò˲٣ӱȻǻǵģǲӷǿࡣ
һոտʼʿˮŲһ۾ƼǣŭĿôˡ
лͰʱ䣬ÿ춼ŷĿĲҪ̫ԣƫƫлͰûǹɰǰˣԣȻùʮϲÿμһ㶼
лͰ࣬ɱȹһСһ˫Բ۾Եø޹ԼеĶݸҸʳġ
ȻʳĵȼǳߣǣҲΪʳĶԼģԣҲһ㣬ߵʳԱȽƶ񤣬лͰÿĥЩʲôϡʳģױ
ʳľĳũҵزĳֹϣ˵ִЦĽôһ̲סԴһڹһ޷ȤùһͷˣҪ»ֱ϶ֱ˾͸ϳȥˡ
Ͳףż˽ôĶӣݺݵĺһֱ䵯Ļˢˡ
ʱۿֱĻ᲻࣬˵Ļ͸ˡȻʽϵͳһɣڷ˿Լҵ㲻һȤҲͨճְܡжϳЩֱ˭
ռܵܶţůֿˣɺߣ 
Բۣ죡ΪҵܵһŰѲ˵ˣ 
һܣһܣ ӮǸԶռ㣡
QAQҾʣȱܵܲοϹѧߣ򣬿ᡭؼܳԡ
¥ϾȻѧģĽˣҲȱ㡭
ĻһӴʳ¥ΪֱܷܵվվӵһĽһĵܵ˭뵱ֻÿ춼ܵʳһ㣬͵ˣ
ᵽʳнȥһȣһʱֱ·ҲЩ̲סʿˮˣ˺ۺΣ͹˻ֱз˿۾ˣȴ·𻹾òƿԱǸ˱Ƕʡ˳һ̣ﵽʲô⿵ģҲҪˡ
¶ǡžžžžĴҲ˿۰Ͱ͵ĳĶʮֹɵĹʣְ֣Գ𣿡
ǹֲûĴολеֱǲǹųԵģ


124

124
ְ֡, ాòˣһ׼ʵ, лͰһʢһ롣£Ϊ˱ٳϴԾùһոտֱӴƷ鹦ܡ 
зոʢ, ֱҲܵжˣֱӾͿʼûн̵, ֻǴյø֣Ѿᵽ˸Ũѵζ
Ҳ֪ɵ, ֻǰ ûȫ, Ѿﵽʡ
ʣϴεĿҲǾûеģŨֲ, һھǹ, ȴ̼ĸŨң, ô²ˡ
̲ȥ, ȴָ᲻³, Ǿô, ᲻ſһΪһ㲻С©˳ȥ
ۻˬڣһˮƽ, Ҳ֪λسʦƤӵµʲôַ಻ϡģڸǸոպò˵Ũζô᲻ȥ
۲ѵĿڸУڿǻתʳڵȴôʼڿǻ
ֻôһھͳ׷ˣʲôģֻ˵ζζ÷
˱ⱲҲûƷôζ
е㣬еȫһҲĶϡ
˶ɵӣǴδֱģȻʳʳûʲô˽ҲףѰ༴ôҲ󲻳ζеĹؼɻģзϡ
ٿѾÿзҲû뾡һа취İУһڣٸоǹζҪˡ
⣬֮ǰ⿳ͨ⣬ϴεĿ㶼ûȰ
ӣ˵ģֻ˵һ㣬ڴʱзȴǰٷְû
лͰﻹ˵̲죬ֻ޲ϡͿһȫȥֻԱߵĹ˵ʣµİɰҪ齱ͳȥʱή˴룬ϽҴҽԼٶȺƵʡ
ҲͣĳԼ￴Ҫ۰Ͱ͵裬ŷ𲻵ɱմ 
ӱͷӣһ±УƵƷ꣬ŵ⴩
Դĳһ˵ôһ仰֮ͳ׽⻰ˡʵԣּ棬ǲģҲ֪
лͰĿɿڴȫǸײе衣
ӱô࣬з಻𣿲ζ𣿸Сʲô˵ģǹϸƷһƷ಻
ֵЩ˿ʼ𲽶࣬˵Ҳ˶ʱз׼ϣɾӡɾǸٺòʳˡ
ֻһ룬ȻЩ̲סˮˡţ밲ˣȫͨʳģʵ̫ˡаЩڣͨʳĵȷʵǿԿǷһţ
һһСҲȷʵ㲻϶࣬΢ʹһģлͰֻԼûô죬ôûˡ
ٿ߼ˣǹһƵĺȣ۾ˣһѵĻᣬﻹֱ̣°ͳʮֵЦȻһ죬̵죬۾ֱܸлͰˡ
ɿ֮ζɰѾҪͳȥҲûָлͰ𽥾̲סĽעԱǸζŨС죬ԼʵǲЩ
Щ֮ǰų̬ˣĳЩҲѾƷ˵ֱҲһҪ 첻ǹֻѾֽȥˡ
һץһ͵ŹԳˡȴǽװƿӣϲ㵹һƾƣֱӷˡ
ֱ˶ֱɵˡ
ҲĲҳһڰ
ȥˣ˵ҸոˣôҶֻİ
Բۣ˵Ǻܳʵģһ԰

һֱɵһʼȷǱ˶ʳĵⶫ֮ҲúܿܳװΪû۹⣬ûǰ׼Ҫֱǰ
лͰͲһѿڶ֣˵һûгԱ
һȴѾװˣˡ
ûгԱΪոԵ̫Ѹ٣Ϊʵ̫ˣþͶˣûƷζأôûлˡ
˻еƿӣüһ跹ԣұ֤ɿڵͷȥ
лͰˣھѾҪͷˣĿŹ
һ㣬лͰƾʲôһ쵽ǣͷԼǰҲѾȫյ룬ԱߵĹζûסҲʿˮӺŹʶľʹ۰Ͱ͵ζ
Ȼȴ˿ΪƳһۣùһţȥ齱Ѷĳȥ
һίͰ͵ȥ齱ȹֱˣһʲô
һ۾һӾˣԺһ˲ֱʳ֣ſھϻ㲻ȥֱ
ֱѣ
㣬㻹ȱܵ𣿡
ʲôҪԴ
û塣
ǺѵҲ𣿡

ǻʽֻ꣬ǣǵȻ˻Ӧģ۶ǱߵǸˣץз
ѾһֿԿʼӡзñϲӵԱߵĸɫɣһ֡
үӸһƣüʣŸɶȥ򰡡
ȻûʲôҪ Щƴʲôҵ룬ǣǰ֪ЩˣҪȸԼһڸ֮ɣ
ֳʣҿǸ̲елͰأ
˭үӻûзӦ
־ͼˣ͵ӱҵĶӡ
үŷӦקԱߵˣԱǸǲǵӱ
ܰɣֱոյĶԻǶŵģ˵ǻǵӱ
үԽԽǾòԾӱʼũţǰʱ仹˴ԣܲʶ˼ң
Աү۳ǰصͼĥŸոտֱʱ¶ҲԽĥԾжǵӱ˭
ڵ۶һʳԲϣֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿֱԼӱãȥ˼ҼԲˣ
һ˫۾ŵԲˣð˺죬ֱ֣̫ˡ
үȴǻĥ˼ֲԾ·ҲũϵǲҲǱˢøУ
Ͼ۶ֵô󣬾ǰؼ
ӱǱߣ·ǶҲǱ߰Խ룬үӾԽǾòԾһĴȣһֱȫǾڸ£ñ˵ȫǾˣòˣǸٻũϵܣȥ̸
ү۾ˣTM˦ǣȥԲ˰


125

125
үǱߺݺݴ˸, ǻûеȴѾׯ԰ǻ˺üˡ
ܿܿ, ߵĲ¶ġԭũϵСӵ¶ʮֲ⡣ƫԶǸ˲ƨɵģȴ˵ʱũϵ˴ʳ, Ҫһˣܷʲôõط, ֱӽǸׯ԰תϣҲһʺ
̴þ, ũϵͶŵֱַӹ, 񽻴Ҫȥһҷޣ˸ɸɾ
ѾǷ壬ֻҪĶʱĹܺ, Ͳˮҧһڡ
Źׯ԰ü, ȴʼûзֹǳţǷɳ, ֻ, ⳵ڵ۶ϵҲǶ, ʱͳˡ
һ춢ŷոս, ׼˲鳵ƺʱ򣬾ͱһӴӱֱӴˡ
ׯ԰ϢȻӱ, ոշ״ͽӵϢüͷҲ
·üͷһô
̵ܿܿ˴ˡӱ
ûӦһˢһ̧ͷ·Ҳܿܿλ˵üͷ
һڡ
֣û˭
ӱʮǸҴˣ̵ӦǸġ
һ㣬ĵӱԼû뵽Ȼгһս̵˶ˡ
Ҳȷʵ̫ڣңũϵҲʵ̫ע⣬˵ľЩû
ڼũϵûϳ˺£һ˰лͰˣһֱ˶ҵߡ
һˡ
ǹڣӦֱӳģǸģץˣҲҿŵģûйϵ
ӱһ㶡
չʾһͷϵĹԣǿԼϵĹԷֱչʾļͷµĶȻһɵǲ֪м𣿡
Ҹôܻ᲻֪
ץܿܿǰѾͼׯ԰ˣΪ󣬽תһȦЩԼΪĶκתȥˣø˻ҲˣԭҪ֪ͨǽ˴ߣ־֪࣬ǲǻֶΣҸһ򾡵ġ
ˣǴܿܿʱǵ˸ȥûУ
ӱǰû˵һ仰
豸ô֪ܲԵؼ¼ⶼ˵ֶΣֻǣ벻Ȼô
ôǾסׯ԰ڵİ·ʲôûз֡
·
Ȼʵûг׻ָҲôϲɣ
Ȼֱ˵ǶΪ󷨣ܿܿץܲŸϳ
·ü̵Ѱ㡭
ɫ΢΢һЩ²⡣
Ҳֱ˵ĳϣлбʼǡ
ӱҲˢһ¿˹Ǹ棬Щ
ţǴӹʰϣڵĶӦþǾЩзġ
·ֵЩĬΪЩѾ˲²⡣
ӱŹȴѾԼԺ﹮˼ʮֵڡ游ϱ׵ߣ״һ˽ӣ˫رѡĹһֱ䷢Լ游ϣһ֮ѹ̵Ŷӡȵȡ
ŹɫԽӡ
ЩŹ֣ƫƫӱʲô˵ʮҵ˸ȥˣʱˡ
ʮֳϿҵʹ費ҪҸ㰲ׯ԰ 
ûܾ·ѾڣҵѾũϵ
ӱһαݺݴһⲻǰ˵ŵӱ˵ʵʵ첻ϰˣ
ô˵Ҳǰ·ǰǣӱǲΪСƤʵĲɵġ
ȴǽ˶ܾˣ ã˻ݾߣǱ¶ҵλá
һ˵ֵˡ
һұ·ũϵĺӣôܵõ·͵ӱⲻ൱ֱӳϹ⣬
ӱԭȰʲôԭܹ黹ǹİȫҪɽһззư֮ʱͽеĻ˸ɸɾ
֪зʲôһڣüͷƤ飬˷ζԽ綼Ե
һ̣ԭѾµһʵзʱҲֻ˾ӵڶˡ
˵־ᶨİ·ڵһȥҲ벻¶ˡ
һֱȻصңӱڻζзưյܿܿڵǸС͵ѱѯǷֵʱ򣬵ӱǿعæתȥ˹
Ͱ·һ£˵ʱũϵ
СӴǾԼڰҪǴˣֻɵڶʵǿС飬ҲΣǶǲˡ
Ҳ漴յߵϢڵĵطѾ˽ȥѲ֣ûʲôԣһѧУϿΣʱ̶ɼ̫ʱڼҡ
ݵ飬̫ׯ԰֮ǰĸ˶ԽѹպһλŮæҷ򸾽˼Ҫϵҷޣʱûгɹȴץסĵڶˣܿܿ
ڼκ鷢δ֪ı
Ҽֱǳ²࣬ȴŪĴ
·ûȲҪңϵĹ̶άֲˣҪǽũֻȫ粻֪ռǶԸĸ⡣
ֻҪ뵽̲סŭҪֱ˹ԾȥǶԴͻȻӶ˶٣ܿܿȥǱߡ
ͨѶͷҲ΢Ķ˶٣Ȼû̫ס
ǳ𣬡ĸҪĶӣŮӦõܿܿ蹮ҵȥӣ취ѰһûʲôС
⣬һ㣬Ҫ֪İ·ũϵ 
ҽũϵƫƫôɺϣ·ڳ֮͵һʱȥũţʵڲԸôɺϣְܷ·û㱨ũϵ֣һдۣǱߡ
ȴǲ֪ԼҪ鷳ţȻһἰһӣҲѾĥžǹҵˣΪԭΪԭĸף汨˳
ǺʣȻǵҪص۶ˡ
һһĳɼֻϧһȻǼԣһҪѧУҲﲻȡѧĳ̶ȡ
ֻ׼ص۶·ӣȻڴ֮ǰҪ̵·ٶһ£磬ôãȻ׼ۡҩ߶ڵġε͡ĵȴҪһˡ


126

126
Ǳߵı㻹ûüʵʩ, һͷͼѾҴҵĳ˽ӣǲ̵֪꿪ˣ
΢, Ѿ̳궼ѾЩžľ˼ˡϾֻҪʶ룬ͻ뵽Ǹʲôϡ
ʵĵܣ̲סú˵, ô£
Ǹֱ̳Ѿϰ˵ǿۡε˭ȥ̵ùͷ, ҲҲϾѾһεǶ罻ѡ
ҧгݵվ, ˵ʲô
˲٣Ե, ʮ֮ǰǹۡεӶҪʼˡ
̾ǰ, ɫ, ׻ǵõʱļ۸ѹŻ, أǿ۵ˣ
˿ɫѾҿˡ
ûп, ԭ±Է, ϼűŲò, Ҫʱʱ̱̿Ʒʲũţ۸ȴǱǸˣӲöϸҿ, ÿο۶һι̡
ũŷƺ͹ģҪ·ߵӡ
ЩҩҲãЩ߲Ҳã󶼲̵ֹԼһˡѾͶ̫ȥûԷȡ
һֱѹšҩۣҪҵʲôֱҪӸ³׽ˡ
ʱ򲻹еġҩܴǴѰֵġεֻôʲôۣ˭ҪʲôҪ˼
ڣûҵǸԴǱ߾ȻѾʼˡ
ɫԽÿעǰˣͰͰ˵ɴջѵֱӷ罻Ѿ¶ռˡ
Ǹոմ򿪹ԣϢ˳ǲʮĽʶġ
ʧ˳Ƿ𣿡
ʵѾ֪ԷСεƷʿԶеġҩ
ڣԷſơҩ˵ǰʱ䣬Է⽫ҩһ֡˵ĶϹĳ˾޶ۣôʽۣԷȻҪųĵͼۣ
ѵҪɱ
оԱҪнˮ
ǲҪ
ʱ˿ֱ̼ҪըˣץŹǹֱըˣͷֻũϵЩȻڻûκµˡ
۸ųҪôĿۣٱ˲ԳʲôӦõĽۣ鷳ˡ
ѹҧÿ֨죬ܣֻһʲôֱֳ£¿϶͸Ѳϵ
ȻԼ侲оô꣬ҽƣоˮƽߣоĿɵȡΧһ
˵жĵӱ˳뷨ʧ٣ȴʼûİ·ͻȻǰũŵĸ١
뵽üܣÿһֶǸ˸ǲµ塣ͷ亹䣬ҪȻĸоĸ壬ĸ˻棬һ֡ųӡķֱӹ
ĵͼ۹⼷ѹȴֵʼղǩԼϵ
뵽ȻǰֹȥԸҡ
ֻԼǰɫϱ仯Ҳ֪뵽ʲôȻ亹ˡһԣæҴææԼԸȥ
̽ͨѶԱȫڼӵӱѰ·ϡ 
ͷ˲Ǹհźܿܿ£ӵϢ˶٣ʣǹǽܡ
ﻹ˵ϹʲôܣͷҪӱ䣬ٶ֪·ʲôط
ûϢǡ
ֱѵһ¹ҶͨѶȻɨһۻڰ칫ҵһȥٵټȥǼʵң͹
ũϵͷȻһ£ȴҲƬ̲ҵ飬۸ֱȥԱߵҲһ䣬ܿܿΡ
Խջ𣬡øɶɶ
ֱٴο۵¶Ҳ֪ˣ¶ҪʲôҵҪ
˶ѵ˴Ҵææȥ£Щͷܿܿȥ 
˵뵽쵼ԶƱ䣬Ѿ˭֪ʲôʱҪɹŲһѽܣţţ˵ʲôֲ¡
ܿܿҴץȥִҴҶһ£յͷһٿ罻ϢֱɵۣʵǱߺˣ뵽Լأʱʱ̿߶˶ţһʱҪٱȥŽմ̣ˡһص۶һ£˵۶ҲסҧҧܹûСӸʰһŤͷִҴҸȥСׯ԰
ʱ罻ѾٴηĻȫȷѹ˼۸񣬵ǣҪƵĳۡε
ңε͡ĵʽۡ
ȣȷȷǡ빺򣬵ڶȡ
˶÷ˡľ
ʮõ𣿵Ȼ࣬ͨ˵Ǽ࣬ܽԼҵĶһȻأǾȫһˡ
ҵѾܱ֮ΪˣӦñ֮Ϊˣʥˡ
ڵڶ֣ۼ۴ﵽǧõһöַʽκơȴֻеһֵʮ֮һ
õģȱôһõ㣬Ϊ۸ʲô֡εǱ֮ȱݺ͸õġҩ 
ȱõģܹ
ԣʩ൱ڽ̵·ȫˡ
ɣͬʱҲΪһ㣬ҲΪĿеġӢۡ
罻һȥҲκһáǰ̵Ļ
֮ǰǱʳȴǳ׳Բзۡ
ʱҾȻԷôˡ
Ǵ˵֮еƾ١

·Ҳֱϵۣǳ˳Լӵеֻǣô벻ԼεȻǾôѾǲ˼ֻǡϡĶˡ
˿߻ ˵Ĺ̲ס̡ϲ㶼ȻһŮ
һԸ׬õ㹺ʯȴʼĻŮС
¶ҪһδĶ
ȷˡ
ʮʮһǧʮһ־һǧһһöε۸һһöȻСթƭɣοԼǡٸƶٲͣˢ罻ĲʺƨοԼƾ  
ǾĴ¡ 
ΪΪΪ
Щһǧ۹εҲⲻǸһơ 
ңҪָһǧҪȥأ
ôһ룬ְԼοˡ


127

127
ȫ, ˶۹ڡεļֻۣйԼĥ, ĥոҵϵܿܿ
ܿܿͻȻĳ⣬һȰӴѣ·ǿԼҺһĿŹùʧЦ
ܿܿЦĪ̲סϵЦݶ˶, Ҳ֪, Ҳ¹̫ŭԲŲò˳˼
һͬѧѧ, Ȼ⻰Ѿըˡʲôô, ĸԾˡ
ûô̡һƢ˵ܿܿͻȻ, ɲûıѲɻǽϰʲô
ЦЦ, ܿܿ, Ҫǻȥģ
ܿܿ⻰һҭ, Ǻһ᲻֪զˡ
Ȼ, , ûڵ۶Ȧǣû, ֪ô벻ˣǷҪص۶

ǲ죬ԳƺҹС㡣ǿ˼Ǵǻؼңʱͱһ
ܿܿһһף̲סֹѹֹϲľŮ츳ֲƢִ󣬿ȴû취ǨͣʱֻܵС㣬֪˵Ѵҵ״á
˭ǷˣҲ䵱ˣЦһĻһŮֱҪﵽˡ 
ܿܿȴǻҪЦӯӯģڶһˣҲΪãרŰչһʱ䣬
ѾˣֻҪܽסʱԵСһССҲǲԡ
ΪҺãҪص۶ٴĻ
˵ִ꣬ŲмƳһܿܿͲҪⰭۡʲô˽ӣ檾Ҫˡ
˵깮ֱӡѡһֱӵĽŶ׹ˡ
ܿܿվ⣬һһס
ֱֻŤͷߣĹ͹һʲôɺģѾױˣҪһӹĲǷ
뿪ܰýʲôûˡ
뵽ոսңԼոձֲļλ豸ҧгվԭذ춼û˵һ仰ҧŤͷȥϵˡ
ˣǹβô˵ӻһ㣬Ҫص۶
ɫҲÿʰʰͷȻͳ
ԭΪӵϳ۶ҵһоĸӵģͺܹܿ۶Ȧ׳Ϊҷˡ
£״̬ԽԽã˴
ɫһƬ࣬ҪʲôãûС㾹Ȼˡ
 취õֶƭҿǵû˽˶ 
Уô˵ģ
ܿܿȻ˵¶Լ˴ߵ£˵Լڴ⣬ԭҪߣռˣ춼ûмǶԷޣֻǺҲǾ¡
һģһֽĻԽͷȥ취Ҫǽ
ܿܿͨѶҶϣŤͷֱȥѧУһǣԸ壬ദ취ӹһ֡
һߵİ·˿ܿܿ뿪ķɫģҪҪ⣬˿
ȴȤȻòײõ㣬ҲԼֱӻص۶ô˷ᡣ
ܿܿµϵܣ൱ڽ㳹ױ¶ǱߡټϷص۶;ʱ䳤ոߡüͷȻǲͬ
Цеڰôܻء 
˵Լص۶ǻȥӶģ
ȻҪǣĿ겻ǱĳֱҪСܶ𣿡
üʡ
·ԴˣЩԶԵġ⻰˵еģ˵󹮼ҶҪѭǱߵ˼͡ص۶
뵽һ㣬·ЩЦá 
һڣù뵽һ£ǵʱǻص۶Ҳ֪ܴܿܿܲһ㣬Ҳϡ
·ϾӶĳְء
ԣʮĵͷص۶·˵Ҫһϵʱ䣬ɲܰʱ˷ˣðѳϣ˼ҩģ뵽˵Լǰҩģʲô
·ǲ÷ˣ˵Լǳˣʲôɺģץҩľͽħ޳ԽԽ϶ʱİ˵ԺԸҪԼ߲˰װױƻҲ⳥ڶע⣬Ҫ˸򳤹ġ
ܿܿȻûãȻʱûǸʱ;гȱεɲ˷ʱϡ
ܿܿȥѧУ˸üͷһʵ츳µСвһٲ˵һþȻǱȹɴ࣬ס
̵ģֻŤͷȥ˿ĵطҪȴҲǸţԼòԾҪȴΪԼ֮ǰ˵Ļ㿪ˡ
ߣҲǴ˳ģһֱΪ̫̫ҲˮǴߡطؼǣϳ˹ҵˣȻΡ
һԼ侲ִ̫һëͷСӸƫȥǱ߿ҲûЧȲһ飬ܲʲôʽ
һؼ֮󣬿Źһ²ۣ֪ô˲Ҫġ
ԭΪԼӦøգգȻͦ˵ģ˵ǸûõͿԻص۶ĺ¡
һôˣԹҰִûˣΨһִõˣ
̲סǳ鴤һ£ҪڣͼֱƿлͰһܽһĿһôѧң
Ȼ˳Ŀ򹮷۰Ͱ͵ʣԳз𣿡
ʲôзƲзƵģ͵лͰԼϹ˰ɡ
ӱˣӱĿ̫һǱ˶ϣùΣô죿
һѹ֨ˣûм𣿡
лͰһֱ׳ĵҼûз㣬Ҳûзʳ
һֳֹݡģŹԴӳ˷ĶҶԲ±Ķˡ 
һˡ
һתЦŹ 㣬Ҳԡ
˵ֻҪһ뵽보ƳŨ磬ʮ㣬ɫƯ̲סʿˮˡ
лͰô䣬Ҳôһʱѣȵص۶лͰô䣬ôҪ
лͰɵĿһۣЩԾɵ׻ǡʳҪ۰Ͱ͵ĳŹŲۡ
ͺͷһ죬ܾƶû繻ʱ䣬ɿ⸱èӣ뵽۵ġεҪ˶٣һӣֱƿ


128

128
ΪڲƱص۶ʱϰ·, ˸߸·ûץʱũϵ, ũŵĶ಼һЩ⽫ԼͷϵӶָǡ
ֽܿܿΣÿζĹ⣬һҪ, ص۶
ܿܿҪ޲ֱϵЩʼն, ֱӰ˽СŪȥɴıһ顣
Ǳ߸ͬ, ҲԽԽͷ
ܿܿȴǲ֪Ǳʼնŵӱˣʼûʲô, Ȼջ𣬿ȴƫƫʼյòܲջ, һѾȻûʲôġ
ܿܿȴ֪, ֻԼڵĴʽöԷˣֻűȥȰ˵
ũϵֳʲô۶, Ƕ֪, ɴƤ, ôžô𣿡ܿܿȰ
ɫôÿ, 뵽µӣջ
ҿмֶˣиŮǰæ, ǳӲˡһ㣬ܿܿûк˵ҷڶûǵͷѹȥˣû뵽
⻰ȴ˵Ŀ
ũϵɲҪɳģǹһ츳൱áҪùʰʱˡ
뵽̲סҲЩԹɵĸĸȻСӶܲסԭȾûܻŻȥƫƫпܻŶ
ɫѿûͬ⣬ĥӦʲô취˳ũϵ
ũϵפǿսţһǵӱģһǰ·ģʲôǼʺܲ۵
ǲ˻·ϡ
㰲һ¡뵽ʲôһ㣬취ϸһ飬ϵûʲô˽ŵĶ
ܿܿ󶨣æӦˣŤͷҴȥҹ
С㣬Ҿͺ˵˶õģҴȥǱߣ˶취Ȱġ
ǲˣҼ򵥣Ըȴףص۲Ҫùһѧתȥ
ܿܿҧÿ֨죬ȴǲ˳Ƶʮֹ֪߱۸ί͸ϽҸϹˡҾׯ԰ʰɡ
ЦЦƳһۣжˣǲܿܿ£Ҳܿܿ
ܿܿھôãڽţڵĳӶˣ֪ô׽ɴ˹Ҳ 
ɸսţһۿ˿ŵˣʱһǸߵˣֻһۿȥ˾ѹȸС
̲ܿܿסһѾڵı˵ũϵʮֲȫиڣҪȻ˵ˡ
ˣ˵Ǽʺе·ҲʮΣգһ𡣡ȻһȻǵöలһˡ
ܿܿˣС㣡δ֪꣬ʲô˻ƭǣʲôˡ
ǸŮǽܵġһļơ
ܿܿɫ̵øѿˣͲǸŮôô£ֱӸǽˡ
ˣĹʻûзҷްׯ԰߹͵͵ˣϹ黹õ㣬۸ɸˣϽλҪһõҡ
ܿܿһֱڳɳ˹ףͼ취Ȱһ¹νıڽͣʲôֱת¥˳㻹ܿܿɨ
ǸڸһûиֱӸŹ¥ˡ
ܿܿҭһ仰˵ˣϸ´ɨᣬڷѲ鶫
´ݾߣȥ¥ѲָֻܿܿϽϵһѧУ취ùһİѧ
Ҳǹ׼ʱ䣬ڶһܿܿһ˵ǰ۶ϵǽ֮󣬹ùһϢֱ䣬ͣ¡
һûвˣΨհľǰٷְͬġ
뵽ͻȻص۶лͰ϶ûл䷹û취ٸˢԲҪ̲ס̡
ɽոյǽʮ־ϲĺ㣡Ҳȥ۶𣿡
һ̧ͷȥѾ׺лͰôôҪ 
лͰȴ˷ܲѵĴ컹Ҫܾÿء
лͰٿлͰŵһλʮʿòүӣ𣬡㾹ȻҲҪȥ۶
ڸܿܿܣǹһͬѧǹϵã·иӦҲܸˡ
ˣܿܿȴǸӺˡ
Ҵææ˸ϽһлͰ˭ٳʲôʣΨһõľǣһͬѧûдʲôֻ֣ǸϲģӦò̫ڰ¶
ЦӯӯĿ˿Աߵܿܿ
һߵĸٸոյִũϵѾЩȲϵ۶Ⱥҫһ˷ϲãлҪ׿ڳԳλĺóԵˣ
ҲǵӱͰ·ǸС˵˳Զʳˣϲüɫ裬Ͻ֪ͨһ۶Ⱥˣ̵÷𣬡ѾִũţҪĽԵʳ֮һġ
һʱ֮䣬ԹͨѶͷ˺޲ֱӴӹˡ
ȴϲһ㶼ͣµľȥϵӱˡ
ӱͨѶͷһʵȥũϵˣ
ȥ˵˸ٵĲǣũϵּԼλĹƷ۵ʳĺѽ
ũϵ㻹֪ܲ
ӱޱ˵޹Ļǻܣô̽ӣ
ַ·ʲôʮҵӵȻˣũǱѲӹͿԽˣƷʳļУڼ۸񣬷۷ʽȷʽպûûи³ء
ңĿǰȷǿԸƵĵ·㿴۶ϵôŵĺá
ԽԽǾòԾʲô˼
ǰ۶ϵǿ϶Ҫǰ׼Ϻʵĵأù԰ﰲŸƷʳĵֲ
Ҫ˵ѾԲ۾ֱӴĻ˵ɶȥˣ
ӱһĻظǸûпũϵճպþ͵ִũϵߵ¶Ҳ˴ˣպã̵ҲǱߣߵתȥ鶼ˡ
ģİȫҺͰ·϶ᱣãȫ͵۶ϵ
٣ĵ
۰Ͱ͵ĸϹũϵΪ̵
Ϊ˼ Ϊ˲Բȣ 
Ȼӱ㶼ͷܵĻᣬֱϵũŷ˹棬лĸ𽫾ũŲιָ 
Ÿոշųֱӱýȱһ£ũŵĵȾ߲˸۲ֹ
ڳ˹ףԭǽѾͷˣȴòһͣũϵ֮ȥӱҵѵץˡ
յϢʱѾһ룬ɫѿúڳһţû뵽ô͵ˣû뵽Ͷˡ
Լߵߴ٣ʡҩôϼǱ߸ǻˣ֧ũˣְֱѹ˼


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129
ȻµӱҲǽ, ȴǲ֪иһ磬ǲ֪ӱͻһֲһơ
ΪиͻϮ, ̵ĽͻϮŪûˣ⣬ǸҲ벻ٵִũϵǰһ, ٵĿ뿪ũϵ
ԣܿܿϵǱߵ, ҪԷЭǽֱӽߣͿϵж
Ǳ߽ǰһ뿪ũϵѾ˷塣ôϵ, ǱȻǲӦ
ֱӳ˼ܿܿˣũϵֱӴתƵ˰, ˶͵˼¡
ܿܿڹߣָӵתǽĳʳ˸, Ժֱ¹ʲô, ôôܿܿڷ, ò˳˼, , ſھҪũš
뵽ٵִũϵ, ȥǱߵİȼθ㣬Ҫǻȥֻʲôû, ֻҧҧһ
ڼ䲻ͣĺϵǽСģĿϵԾǽҲǱͨɴǿһ㣬ֶΣҪ·ʲôʵڲʲô¶
ԭģĥŲùũϵŻȥҲࡣ
Ҫȹ˵λãܲҪ
Ҫ͵ף˷֡
ũϵӲһ٣뵽ֺһ㣬֪ˣ粻ɴȥũϵ·϶ˡ
Ǹڣ
ǲ֪Ǽʺ߳о񺽵Я׺ʵ΢ǿһ㣬ǿܿܿȻҲǿǹģ ңһũϵС죬ܸһʲôڣ
Խڵ۶ϵΧϵ㣬ʱ¡
ܿܿʱ˫ۣӦǡ
ʱ֮ǰǵ඼˸ɾȻæµȻ࣬Ȼ鷳ֻҪܳɣõȻҲ١ߣǱߣҲǰͷġ
һ·ϣżܿ͵ѰŶ뾡취ǸŸȴûʲô۵ѧϢһһʧܡ
Сǽ൱ٶȴҪ΢һ㣬Ҫʱڡӣͷһ죬עȻ̫֮еһУ治ѡ
磬ǶɽҲûܹգ̫֮еġɽ֮ν˿ԣֻѾǶ˵ɼ¡
͸ĺڰż⣬һ̣һ˶ľηС
ʵǿƵĳЩƼʵ̫ˡ
Լɫ֮Уֻǣָпڵʱȥ֮󣬱ѾһĹһлͰˡ
ʱܿܿ̾ͽ˺棬ڲѵʣүлүҪԵʲô
һ仰ɹɫ̵øˡ
ΪʼոڸһֱûлԵĶˣǻҪܴݲеĳǽṩνʳ
лͰ͹һ˶ӡЩĵˣЩζܺͳԹֵһ
ȻǹѡҪһǰ۶ϵģ ΪۣȻǲܽЩջԹڹϡȻһԵܿܿˡ
лͰֱָŹ׼Ĵţȥ
ܿܿһ¡
һȻлͰǴʱȴǺһͬ飬û𣿻ϽȥŸɶ
ܿܿɫһ˲ﲻסҪлͰߵǸܼҶʱǰһʮֲõĿܿܿС㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
ܿܿûÿ챻ܺ۸ҪӺãͳըˡ
ѹ֨죬뵽ѾˣϣһҪģʱƽ࣬ɫҲ׺ÿˣЦݣ棬ȥ׼͡
˵֮Ťͷ߳˷䡣
һţϵ񣬡ˣٽ۶ٲ֣᲻ᱻ˻ɣ
ǱߵӦһûЩǼʺʵ뻢ıƤΪ漰϶ЩǼʺ֪Щģڳɡ
ǵ˵۶취ھͶ֡
ǹһȹ֣ʮԽӽѧУɼһǵһǸлĸСţɷչܿܿôʲôĶˣǸһͬѧͻȻֵ⣬ԭһЩģʱɶʱ
ǱߵֲɵӣЩǹ̼ԲƳܿܿһۡ
ܿܿȴһϿҲѵĵ֪ЩǣˣҲΪ
뵽ԼĶŮʱˡ
ʵǲòϣһ츳̫ˡյǸŮ˺͹ʰõĻ򶼷·Ӷѹˣչ϶Ը⣬Сʱ˻ϵǱʯٶҲήͣҪ˵¶Ϣ
ܿܿʱ۾ˣӦǡ
һͷİ·ͨԼĹԲǱ˵ĶԻ̲ס㿴ǣ˼ҶƳʲôˡ
һ΢΢飬̫ûԣ̽Ϣó̬ȡ
лͰȴ°һ̧͵̫ˣǰ㲻
ǽ¶ǰ·͵ӱµˣĳЩÿͶǣο⸽֪˶ǽ͵в۵˴Ͼⶼһʱˣɰһлˡ
һܾôһȣԼ·һأʱգֲˣֻ£ע⡣
˭ģ֪֪һ㱻ϳǾȫ¶ˡ
һ˫۾Բˡ
лͰ°̧ţȸߣôǳϮڣҲ¡
аڣòǼҵˡһʱ
궷лͰʱؼҵˣµľֲˣ 
µҲˡһ˿ʾЩɱҰʵǿ󣬱ɼãҰ屣ҽ㣬ԺҲұҽ㣬ò㡣
лͰԭزˣȻѾʹϴ赤츳ã״̬ȫָɴСڿʼѧڡ񶷡һҲǾԱȲһġ
²ĿţҲȤǼ;֮еһȤ
ܼԱʼպЦվš
ֻԱߵİ·ڹһлͰ˶¶־
춷òˣ˶ǿڸήҲˣСĿ˼˵ƻһڣ˰·͹ܼһһһ׽һ߳
⻹ʲôɫˣһҧȥˮģйı飬ֻԼɵðˡ
һ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ㣬תƻ⣬㣬ʲô 
һ޹˵㲻ˮһЩǰЩˣһ㡣
һˣˣôܲϲԳԹֵ֮Ķ
ҪڣͱлͰȣ㣬ϲˮϲˮϲԷֵˮˡ
лҪ˵Ƽѵ飺޵[Ŵ]ߣߵĹͷ
޴һԽִ˵߻ᱻƬо
棺ҵķֻֽͨѹû֡ˡաٵĹЧһ㶼ûС
ȺڣǶнǶˣ
棺Լûģ޹ϣҪɡ
ΧȺۣǶʦǵ͵ţư
ۿԼݺ治סˣֻðвԼĴڶʰһ飬ȻԼ̯
ԹȺһʺŵؿһѴʦڳȣ˭ôţƣһѴʦСܣ
һ񿴹ȥ
ڴʦۺ᣺ֻһͨͨʮŮˡ
osԼţƲ˵ʵ̫ˣ
棺
ڴʦʲôҪʲôϴɨصǶһҲģ

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130
Դ֮, ֻҪܿܿߣ΢е뿪, һлͰҪ۰Ͱ͵ĴһֿģŹͼӹ͵Եʳ
ԼȻҲ͵ԵС ǰ·, ȻҲܹ̰, 죬ʵǳԹĶ֮, ٳĶԶǸζˡ
һһʱ, ǽϳɶ㣬ɶǶ͵ˣ, ʣµӱһ˳ɶɶ, ɶɶˡ
һĶܿܿǵˣͿǵʲôʱʼж, һһ, ÿСʱ, ÿӶѰ
Ҫֵ, ֻµӱҪֱ취Ⱥץȥֱ˰ˡ
ӱһö, ƫƫʵ̫ĿܿܿǸϹӣһҲϳġ
ڰ·ֵĶ죬ֱڹߣԼֱӸ˸ߣ˼ҵıڡ
ʱôû뵽ء
ڣа
ؼǣŮԣڹߣǲǸӷǿʱʱ̵̿һʲôóԵģǰ·ԲϣҲԳ
ֻϧôڣҲЩˡ
ߴٵȥߴһ£ô֣ĥĥģɲ˴µĶ
ߵˣ
ǱҪʲôϢҪܹɴ¶ô죿ıˣ
ȻһɶϾӱȸڵŮ˶£Ƣӣ̫ȶˡ
ڣոȥ飬ͷвԾˣ۾˲ˣͷܻϵܿܿˣ֮ǰֵĺɫţĿǰѾ˫ľӦǴ㶯ˡ
ӱһӾվˣشֱ֣޲ͽԼĻٻ׼ս翪ʼҲ
ǱߵܿܿôܲżϽɫڽӵһͨѶ֮󣬶ʱͻˡ
ǽһ𣬻⽫ܿҲ֪͵͵ʲôоʲôһǸѧҲǲ
ңǶǵȥԽԽأСӷǽѣԣŭ ȴûʲô취
Ǹ˽ڣȥԣһϵǼʺȻʵĶʱǱҲ֪ܿرȽأҲ˸˵Щͷմ󣬵Ǳߵĸ߼ջ£׼ˡ
ܿܿӵԷϢ֮ʼͶԷϸߵ
ǽǵ͵X18ǽֻ̨Aֻ1̨BǽڶοͣûκˡҶǽ˼⣬û⡣ܿܿǽȻģʱ䣬ΪҲ׼ģ취ǽ
ͷǼʺΪ׵Ǹ׳Ŀ࣬һ⣬Цһʲô
ǽֻһ΢еǮСүҿߵĹܼҲе̵ġܿܿ΢΢һ
ԷԸʱڹ۽ȻΪʳ
ԣȻҪԼһЩ롣
ʮֿ϶Էʹ˸ܼңûдڵˣһٵҪǧõ㣬ԵĺܡǵʱҪǶֻñܿٱɱˣõʱ鷳󡣡
ܿܿȻԼǹնԷԼĿ˵ø
ǱߵҲڵ۶ϵԶĵط֣ð÷տǲС
ǰѹǣͷ̫ԡҲĵӣȴǾܾ˵ġ
ǣһеģ˭Դ˩ڿϣʱƴСֻҪõ㹻þʸðա
ֻû뵽ǽϾȻС򣬿ȫŹˡ
ϾһƬʯһƬ΢һ㣬ԷٶȻήͣʱʱҲλãǱмˣ
ܿܿȻǴ˵ģǶûлףУǶû̫õġ
ͷЩһǴ߽⣬ϾǽǵսƷģǿйʱͻ᲻ò١
ǽɲôߣ̧۸
˵ܿܿǱҪǻڣʱ취Ӧϣһۿͣͣ
ܿܿҡͷֱ
вǽ;ͣµģؼв;ǽȻһСǽȴֱ۶ûмͣۡ
ǼʺǱҪ˽ǲܵ¡
˲ͷǻ֪ͨǾʽʱ䣬ˣȥǿǣ취ǱߣʵڲУһȰǸС򡭡ǸʲôСүʱҲͶ
ܿܿӦôĶԷ̰ƣɴʱȴ̲סҶԷ̰Ȼ϶Ҳӡ
Ħȭƣ˿ʼжȴ˶ŹˡȻɲİնԷ˼취ǸǵĹİڡ
ϾǸֻôţͻǸСѹ
ȻҪ񣬸ǲͷǣɵ׻СҪ
ж˳εĲ֮̽취ﵽˡõȻǺãһǽĴֱ̫ûˡһõ㣬ȻѾô׷˽ҡ
ֻҪ£΢һ£лͻסҡǽΨһB׾ڲٿңֱжзյġ
۾ԽԽǱߵĵӱ۾ҲˣǿƣһҪֱЮǣȫ䵽ʵԽԽá
ӱЩÿֻϧ˼ܿܿҪڣȻǿ԰ǵ˼װοͣٱСġɱʱͿԸǶһˡ
ǿϧ
źҡҡͷǧҪżһҪ˽ Щֱǽ֮ٸҴˣͷͷΪ׵ļͲˡ
Ϊ׵ļ˻Ҫ֤ݵģȻʱȥĶָλء
ˣλ֮ǰϵץ𣿿ڹ¼ôˣ
ӱߵʿһЦǻðؼǱȣ˵ֻҪ˵ʲôڶģ
ӱĵͷ¶ҪɵñȰؼǱƯũϵȻ·쵰󱲳ˣ̣
ͷ׼Ĳˣǵǽ𲽽ӽʯʱǽٶ𽥼ڵҲʼŸոսѡ
ȻǲԸ⣬ԼΪ˿ôմ̼ʱôʱ뿪ġ˵˴õô
Ǳߵܿܿ۾þҪˣץеĹԣ˷ܵٲȻ Ҳûʱ̶ŹǸڡʲôʱ취Ū
Щλ˸һЩǡڡʵЩ£ôʱ䣬Ȼûҵᶯ֡
ȻҲѾںˡǽҪˣֻҪЩⱣôףܷɱAţ
ֻǣ˷ܵȫûзֳ˹Ͱ·ԼλϹʮֵ֮⣬ܺȴҲ˷ܣҲһģһʱȥԼĹԣڵʲôͬѰһĻһ㡣
һƬʯһξĵطҪǽ۶һƬϣҲΪ˵۶İȫҪ֤۶ϵĵƣԴﵽѹһֱûҲһȻٽ˵۶ϵȴǾǼʺĵط
ոմһƬʯȺڵźžͻȻȶ˵ģС׷ĵӰͶĻͻȻûźš


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131
źѾʮȶ, ÿһ̨ɴ൱һ̨С͵źŽ, ÿ̽򼸺лվһźŶϿǺʣ˹ڵź , ǽ⡣
ǽе;У, ĿܾǡǼʺ
ʱ㡭ܿܿϲɫڲסˡ
ԱߵĹһһҲȻ, лͰһ۾, ܿܿŲߡ
뿴ôմ̼һĻӦô, С˵, ӰӾǼʺ˵ֲ, , ľȫһ, һûء
⾭, óȥܺԼĺ˵ϰ꣡ 
һ ǶҪúøлһܿܿ, һ̣Ϊûа취ʱظŹԺöǵҲʱɢȥ
ܿܿҲʱ;ޱ˳
ǵģù̲סǳ˳飬ⲻǰ˸ܿܿǶ׼ųʱˣҲ֪Ҫǣ׼
Ťͷͷһ󣬡źôûˣŸʲôûӰոտһ룬ûп𣿡
ܿܿɫֱ䣬ԭʱѾ˿õĻߺ¶Է
ϾǽѾ֮ˣɵ Ҫڵʱ򣬾ƼǸڡǱ̧ۣɨǣǴŵߣҲһӺɫʱֱ˱䡣
ɲȺ֮ͽǺģɲΪЩС¾Ѿʱˣʲôǲܵȵģ
ݿ֨֨ţȴɽеջŭȫȥŹС㣬֪ ǽٷöϿ£ҿʲô£ǻʱҪȥĺá
бһۡ
ܿܿȴǲߣҪúöŹȻĿⲻɨԱߵлͰһۣܽҲ£ҲͦʱȺĵõʲôôӦҲġ
ϾǴṩ˲ٵϢȥ
ԣü΢΢üͷʲô²¶ģ
ܿܿһĨ⣬ȴǱЦӯӯģǼʺ
Сǲ֪⸽ǼʺûĵطһǼʺ֮ǰͻһжźԴڸ̨֮ǰǽɱŰһ뿪
һлͰѾ̲סʼʤԣԽлͰѿڶǼʺ
ܿܿǹţҲΪ˺¸㣬ϾҪӹõȻҪĻΪҪԼǵ
ȺСͲˣѾֱߣ㻹Ҷ֣ҲѾȿһ²
ЩȲĿ͹һǸ߸ϵģһ֣Ȼʧĵģ
ʵǣлͰзӦ̧ͷһͿǸģǡǼ
ֱһֱӳ޼
ȺСӻΪڿӰðϷ
ǼʺֻҪͻῪʼɱˣ٣Ǯ°ҪûǮֱɱˣߵǽᱻֱյȫڣΪڿЦ𣿡
Ŀڹϣ һЩƯŮӿɲ͡
ܿܿĻû˵꣬ͻȻһУֱӲƤȥȻŰϵֻʣϻ۵ĵطѪҺ
˶Ǳ׶סһð־ĻɹıʣǰĿǸС
ֻôĿʱһֱֻӶֱӶԴݺһ£ʱǸ˲ŷӦһӦȻվһıǱԷúݺһ󲽡
ܿܿŭ£ǰڣôû뵽ԷȻǿʵ
ּʲôڣ˷ǹͷ 
ССͣȻôҪˣȻҪֱӴ˻ص۶ڿԱҲһŭĹһлͰĿڹ ʲôȵЩǼʺ߽֮ҪЩ˶֪ʲô³
ɣȻôģܵǸԼ𽥱Ŀ⣬̲סһŤͷɴֱӳ׼䡣 
ֻǲԸʱԵ޹ʵ£ƽ粨ѡ
һߣЩǼʺûô˳жǽȻģʵ̫ûʲôսҲû뵽ԷȻǰ˼ûˡ
ܶңѾ˵ӣвһ£ǾȻѾŵòԼԹԵͣǽ˲ţƺ׼вǷŹǵС
̲סЦһţŻҪһЩģϾһɱʵ̫ˡڶԷôϣȻֱӸôһǽķݶϣ̲סʿˮĥŸЩ㣬ɵֱӵ̫̫֮аɣ
ЦԽֱӿǽԽӣֵ´󲽵ֱ˽ֱ߽װԾµBǽǸǽû˿©͵ϣǵҪúõĽһʣһЩ׶ܡǹڡ
ȻСģġȶȶũϵ۶ϵʲôˣĲԹȻѡﶯ֡
ֱӳǽĲݲٿҷ򣬻Ҫտңʱ⿪źΣȻߵź쳣ܿͻᱻ̨ȵط֪ʱͱȽ鷳ˡ
󲽽ңЩһɪѾµ÷ļˣ̲סЦô꣬ͷһô˳ģô˳ãһ죬ƽȻСģսɻѵõҲǲ٣˷ѵЩõ㣬һۡ
Щõ㶼ԼװֻͳΪǰеĴǼʺˡ
ĵĿһȺûʲôõĶҪֱӽ˽ɱˣֳƬ̣ǽ˸練˷Ķʱš
ˣ˶ǽӹܡȽҵźŻָˡ
ֶԽԽ࣬ʱ΢һ㣬̨쳣ͻᰲ׷١ɲͶԷӲӲ
ʣµ˸ȥһһǽˡһЦԼҪȥһôһʲƸˡ
ҪǹҵĽô¶ģһƱôôø᣿
̲סٺЦЦȻûǣǱ߻иСġ
ߴҴżĸϹȥǱߵĹһлͰҲȵżˣЩǼʺҲ̫רҵ˰ɣǶѾҽˣôôڻҹ


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132
ʮֲרҵǼʺ١, ڹһлͰ˶ȵòͷʱڵˡ
ǷֽŲ, ˽Ҫǰ·͹˶ţСֻѾյſȥĶˡ
֪˾Բͬ⣬ή֮, ִҴææԼĹԣȥ鿴Եȴصļ豸ݡ
˲, ҪƷͷ㡣
ǼʺҲ̫˰ɣлͰ̲סü
Ȼ΢СһЩ, òȴǼãǸ, ̲ס
һ֪ʲôǼʺҪ㹻ɷȻôŷɥ
ֻĿڶԷϵʱ, ̲סҪŲ, ȷʵе󣬿, ɲ븽лͰĻ
, ⱻ۵Ҳġ
յſ, ǵƳһܿܿ, ԼǴֲмģ漴Ҫ˿š
˵ǽѾ, ½  Ҳòʲô
ܿܿȴҴҴϣиڡֶͦҸϳˡ
ңǷҪġ
ǵһɲΪ⣬ùеǹùĻףǽ
˵ǽˣûһܴǵùӲġ
ǽһȺʵڲмһˡ
һĨģȴ뵽ܿܿ˵ķ Ҳģ°΢΢̧̧ȥҪڡ
ֵѾĦȭƣУȻΣգͲסʵǷÿһζ֣ɶõ񱨳ꡣ
ǽϣôһ 棬Ȼġ
ǰʼײţɣһºݺײȥȴһ˻һĨ㵣ٸܵԼЩ˿Ĳ죬ĵ񣬶ʱһըˡ
һվֱӽ˳ȥһ½ʵʵϣȴûаƿŵļ
һʱ֮䣬Щžô£ܲУ
˱ɡСֱּ͵ͨ죬ȴû˿취еذϣ޴ôŬôþҲûκΰ취
ǵжԼֵ˵ʵһ˽ģҲԼòˡǲͨذףͨϣҲܺ޷Ӧ
ϲÿÿ
ϸ۲ذ׻ĺۼֱӾеǹһе
ܿܿһʱҪǻڣ
ǷˣũϵǱҲҪģΪŹôʱ䣬ȻûҵκȻԶԷŭѣȻ޲ɱ֮죬ǣ»ɱ
ǼʺͷЦһһԭ˶η嵶ԽԵֲ̲ܿܿסһһ˿⡣
Щĵģɲһǰ;ãҪ
ɣһΣܿܿҲû뵽ЩЦ˿һЩ֮ǵȻǹ֮󣬾Ȼǡûƿ 
ɫһ¾Ͷ˱䣬ôܡ
ô£ܿܿѿڶ
ȴߵĵһקһû㵽ôµģ
ܿܿȴԩһã־ŭֺ£ô֪Ĳ֪
ǵò̫Ծˡ 
ǽƿסǽʵ̫ˣĵһӣȻһţЩò˼顣
ڲǹұĽҺǽûУôܻʲôصĵط
ɫĪ⣬ܿܿϵɫˣ˿ҪϵĸǿըʱϵͨѶ豸ˣڲźŵĶԽͷڲٿڵˣüͷ壬ͷԵĲ˲ʮֲãô
Ѿǽ޷ָǽͨѶ
źŽƺѾ𻵣û취ϵ̨ûа취ϱϢ
ʱֳ˳ͷĲ˳Ӳͷˣõأ
ˣУʱ޷ų⣬ԼǽĽҲˣϵΧǱߵЩͷö
ҲЩò̫ԣȴʵҲʵ֤ݡǵĽôܳ£
¶δҲ̫ɺˡ
Ǳߵ֪ӲǺܺãһ۲;ͻҲҶ˵ԼãźŽˣܾԼǽҲźš
ɣͷո־òܡ
Ҳ൱ģǽȻߣкų̈ףСͷɴܱߣʼչ۲졢̽ģҪǳ⣬ǿ϶Ҳܹһʱ֪
ǱߵĵɫȻѿȴҲû̫ĺ£ҲǸʮֳǼʺģҲ൱ԵģȻẦСж
ңҲǴӹεģҲмԼ԰ڣȻˣɽСģǽСжΣ
ǽѾһȫǽľյҪλѾȫ
ӦһǵȥΧ̽ ʱظ
ҪըţͼͻȻˣǸǮ˼ҵүһͷһ˫۾ʲôֵǮʲô߼ۡǷ
⡰Сү ֻһۿȥǸʵ͵ģ
ŵĶҲ߯˰ɣлͰȻվڹܼģȴǸƣʮֲƳһſڵˣȻ°̧ţһۻڽ䱻˿ ܿܿӰڻûźţôôûã
϶̲סЦ
λСү»֪Լʲôɣ
лͰЦ°øˣʲô
ЦⲻǼʺСү֪֪ԼԸöõ㣿
лͰһЦϣ۾һӾͷһ˷ܲѵʵҪң
⸱µӲЦˣЦһֱӱɣûõҪֱ̫ˡ
лͰ˷ܲҽлͰõ㣬ȱˣҪõ㣿
ܿܿǿһɵһĿлͰԭǵŭɢˣһֱͬĵĿǲ֪Ǽʺôܱ㣿
Ҫõ㣿ȻжҪ٣лͰ³֣ûлͰָлص۶ϣ
ǵ˸˵ʵûмôϵǽûмôϵġ򡱡ԱǸϲģҲû˿вԣǳ˵ȴֲ̣ѪȣǾ͵ÿԸ٣һõ㣬Ҫȿһ岿֡
лͰ۾ȴǿŸˣ漴Щ⣬һõ㣿Ҿֵֻôõ𣿡
ǼĻҪǶһ㣬թôһ㣬ʱǲص̷
ڳǼʺôɵһĿлͰ
лͰ⸱ģҲ֪ǴݾˣҲ̫խˣǵҲû뵽ߵĽɣ̾һǵӱǿϵģǸ𡣡
ӣȻЩɺ

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133
˺ûб⸱̬Ц, Ϊ׵Ǹɫܾ࣬ǰСǹˣ, һ룬ĿǸϱʼûб仯ͷϣֶȻһ㶣֪ô, 뵽ô򲻿ţͻȻûеźš
ͻȻͿһ, ӱ
ˢһ̧ͷǰǸС, ո˵ʲô
лͰ
Ťͷһ˦ܿܿ⵽˭ô£
ܿܿ, ǰˣز񣬡ʲô 
ǵĿתƵ, Щɲ, ӱ̫Ϥˣ, Ǽʺֱ֮׹, ֻ, ͻʶ־塣
ڴ֮ǰһ֮, ǼʺڶԷӰ֮Уӱƺһӣл
ɲ, ٿһ⣬ԼǰǸˣɫȫˣ˵˭
лͰϵĵˣллͰеӱ㲻ҪңҪҪǽϣ㿴Ҫףô
ǵ˲ɫ˵ʲô
漴˲뵽˸ոյ쳣˳ĿǽҲźţ򲻿ķţһ˲޲ֱɱܿܿҵ񣬽ҲŪжĵӣмڣȻȥƵӱӣ
ǣܣʱ̫ˡӱǽϣ˶ˣΨһϣǰֻ꣬ҪĽԷǲ뿪ǽ
붼û룬˾ͻȻ˳ȥȴһǹű˳ȥлͰǰЦе㣬žͲôѡ񡣡
ûзӦͼΧֻһ˲ͳѾȫװʿڸոյһ˲书򣬾Ѿµ˶
Ⱥ֮վţ߹ģһ֮䣬ʼŷɥŮˣӱ
ɫֱ䣬ȻԹ޶УĿݺݵܿܿ޲ֱ˶Է
ܿܿȴѾˣһȫȴûκηӦֻüôǰĵӱ۶ǲţܣܣܡ
ʹҡͷȻûйϵȫûйϵҲܺ ǱƵģûС
ӱĿܿܿһۣüͷţŰٷְٵĲǶԷʼŲ϶֣ôܵڲܹĳ֡뵽⼸ԽЩʳԼлͰСÿԵĶԽܿܿ
лͰϲ߳󣬡ôܺˣ㲻ǸǸǼʺ˵Ƿ𣿡
ܿܿĵԹڴʱȴֻʹ飬ͣͣģǱƵİֻǱƵģҪҹ
뵽ԽԹޡ 
Ҫǽֳ۶ӣԼôᵽũϵȥôᱻץôµ飿
ֻҪСӣûҪԵӱĶʲô֪ǽеӱĶӣΣҲµġ
ͼرʲǼʺܿܿú³ڡ
ܿܿǰĵӱرʣ
ʲôرʣ
رʣûУûСסҡͷʼڷϡûУָֻҪعԼĺӶѡ
һУҲǱƵģҲǲѵģܺˡ
ƵҲ˳ŵŵܿܿرʣѽ
ˣһ̽ܣͼ߻ܡĿϣûаɫ仯
һվڹԱߣϴŨŨЦζ
·ҲѾժߣڹǰλáĿĿܿܿ
ܿܿϤţͻȻһ飬󱳶Ǳģ⣬⣬˾Ȼǡ·
ڵ۶ϵڹ̫̫£Ȼ֪ǰ˭һ뵽˺ܶ࣬ǰ·Ȼûҵ˹Ҫһ㣬Ź૰죬³һ䣬ȻŶ 
˺͹ʰ׻ʧˣоȻռµϣϵһ˲䣬ȫʧȥֻ̱ܱ˼뿪
ӱһ仰ʲôĽ֣Ϳ˵ٶ
ܿܿ˲˻ǹ Ƿ˷Ըģ֤ݣ֤ݰ
ͻȻɿʿûֱͣӽ˴ˡҪ˵ɲ˵
һŹ֣ҧݺݵĿ뿪ķ򣬡ǻḶ𣿡
𣬡Ȼ
ֹܿܿǹʰҲΪԼ¸ۡ
һһοߵлͰû֮ǰȻ࿴ۻŲĿ⣬ŵӱлл
·ͷȻƳһ۵ӱջߣǽģԼΧΧĶˣӱǻ֣ռˡ
ʵϣùʰ۵ģʵӦǹ
ǹͻȻһҲû֤ݹùʰǸۣοҲǹȻġ
ⳡ֮ǽͻȻˣȻõӱͰ·ͬ⹮ǽԲʲôǽ
ǽΧսֱչǿģж޵İ
ʱ䣬˵ۡ
ͻȻǰ۶ĺϣ죬Űؼңӱı־ǽ˴ĳ֣罻ըˡ
·δ
·͵ӱͻȻĴǿ̬˭
ͻȻͣսũϵǰ۶ϵ
ٸ𽫾Ѿص۶ǽ׼
Ǽʺɾȫʱ̣սǼʺŷɥ

ǶⲨսۣǶδ飬ͨѶ²⵽йأ۶ϵǱôһ㶼֪
ĳＸ۾ȻеӱͰ·һԣĬĬ£ⲻǵĸ˳̶ȣϾλ˵֮еıǴ˵۶
ؼǣһ˷ܲѵϵ٣ֻҪ ѹʼղҫһأԭ㶼û˰
ȫ˼Ǳ߸Ѿڳ˹׵ɫϲ̵ĸ ѽҾ˵զͻȻô
ˣ㻹֪ɣӱǼִ۶ Ҫȼˣǿǲ˼
úӶˣũϵȻÿܿǼ浽𾪵أ޷ĥƽĲġ
ԭΪӱͰ·͵ص۶ģ˭֪·ϾѾֱôߵžЩֱӺݺݹصͨѶţ٣٣ټ٣
һߣԶҪŭĻ̡


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134
һ˸ɸɴֱͷ, Իڰ˲ٶ˳ϵĴ, ô࣬ƫƫҵǣڣȻһ
֪ũϵ, ҲѾռũϵǱߣӷ, ŹҵСϷŹȴǱոĺݺݺһѡ
ɫ, ʱȴް취ӱͰ·ôƺƴȫȻûаηķųϢ, ΪʲôΪѾ˵۶ϵķΧڣΪͷϵʵ, ˭, ûа취
ǿŶԷôһ۶ϵҲް취
ǧ, ôҲû뵽Էʱѡķʽ۶ϵ
ũϵǱ, ʱ˿, Ҳû, õˣõļõϢȫųȥˡ·ҲѾ뿪Ǳ, ΨһǸոټҵģˣܶ
ӷΣֻ޲ץ˵ӱˣͣ
ؼǣѾеĳҩٳ֣۸ȻߣǶǮҪ˵Ǽֱ൱ڲҪǮ
Ҷƴ٣ǰƶûУؼǣѾжо֤˲ԣ׷ױʾ˶ǡεĵЧϿɡ
ʱͻȻ֣Լ˴ǮֱʵһУȻôΪǸֱ׻ĭˡ
ڣѾУûˡ뵽ھɢĳּȫֵܿµˣӦþ֮ǰ˵ġӡķ
ģ֪ڵзչȥ ôһ׼Ͷˡ
ԭãȫͨѶϲϴϢŹϵĳЩϢãЦһûء
˶Ѿ۶ƤӵˣⲻҲǸ
˵˶ӣͲţӱͰ·ܹصãõˮ©ҪõԴõɿԷ
һֱڵϣǽǻ֮ݺ³շϣ·ҪʼպúûŲźãȻ¹˭ֻδ֪ء
ʰ˾񣬡Ѿ뿪ũϵǱѾûжԷˣȥ취һ£ǵ׽ӴЩˡ
Ҫ֪鵽Ǵ￪ʼġ
һߣʼϵܿܿɫҲһȥˣüͷýġΪϵܿܿھҲϵˣˡ
Ҳҽйʰ֪Ͼǻǹʰ֣˵˵죬ƭ˵Ĺŵʱ򣬵òǰգȵĳ£ϳµʱ˵ġͻ᷺ˡ
ɫѿˣûвʲô𣿡
¶ѾˣΪ߶ԽӣԾûźţɴ֮󣬾ҲϵˡߵһҲһ죬ǳ»û¶Ǳܹǻָİ
ƫƫܿܿҲûжˣǼʺǱҲʧȥټ
ǲǵӱǽ·ʱ򡭡΢΢˶٣ָָλã˷ֵӱͰؼҽӵʱ򣬾ͺܿܿǶֵĵط̫Զ
¾ǲ̫ù ͸պõģײ
ɫ΢΢˱䣬ǾͼпֱǣģΪûԸʻò˸߼ۣңƵˣǱ߹Ҳܲ²⵽ݡ
΢򶨵ģӦãǳ£ǻеأСأôܵڶûκϢ
˵ǵֲʲô֣Щ¶Ѿôô޴ֱӱһ򾡣һû¶
ԭʵ벻ԭˡ
ȥǳ¶ĵط飬ϵˣǸȦûʲôϢһ㡣

۶ȴǻһƬԽԽĲ²λҪִ۶ϵˣԺǵ۶˵иĻõ衱εʲôġ
˵ûЩȣֻλԼĵ̣ܾøоһˡ罻Ϻ˵ʱֱͦ֡
ũϵǱߵˣҲеˣǵ۶ϵôã϶ܽԺǾͿֱ׳˵λǵ۶ϵˡ
۶ֵòͣʱһСǽͣ˵۶ĿڰлͰ۰Ͱ͵ĿŹֻ޲ñŹĴȾ͸ڼһؼҡ
һϵĵ⼸Ҫ ҪؼˣͲţлͰܲҪٸŲ
ӱҲһźŹ̲סȰһ飬ǹʲôסģɶɶ˳ۣһ
һ
ӱ
ȻҲ˵ǣ ǻȥΣգֲˬȥҼҡ
ؼҷӻеġ·ƳһۣŰٷְٵĲ
ӱûŹʹǱҪʲôʳʲôʳģְȫַ㡣
лͰʱԲĸϺȵģԶԶԶԡ 
һڴĿŹ㣬ȥҼҰɣ
·ȴǵʰһҲ⣬˵ΣգҼװǰһȥҰɡ
ӱԲۣ
һ𾪵ĿŰ·ôû뵽·ȻôҪġ
ҪڹʰǽǣҪȥԼңɰ·ȻҪң
̲סŤͷԼĶӣȻлͰСǼܲסȽϻˣ˵͹֮Ҳû̫ͣŮש
ⷽ滹ǿ취ģ·ȻЩҪɿûпϵӡ˵һѣ
Ҫſڣ˵ҪлͰҲȥңͻȻ뵽һ⣬ڹһǰ
һ꣬лͰЩԹѾ￪ʼĥôˡ
ãŰ·ܾˣãȥһе£Ͼ߲ԼĶҪ³ɡ
һԭлͰҲ֣ԭ޷ֱܵѵĸоǹһһССĽĸףͻȻ֪һжֻǼĸף⹫׺ģǵڣҲ޷ܡǽոص۶Ҫ嵽ʰǰȥΪʲô
ռԲ
н죬жռҳģûĸףֹʰĽ죿
ץס֣ã㡣
һɳصңǶԭסʮķӣɫ΢΢˶²ͣŹһһ߽ȥ
ſڵĹܼңӶ˿һ㶣Ǻð춼ز
Ƴһۣ°΢΢һ̧ʰһ¡
˵֮䣬ֱӴŹһԽȺ˽˹ҡ
⼸ʼսͷöĹˣ¥ˮȴһ˶ûпüͷǽ֣һ̧ۣȴǿ˹Ȼһôˣ
ЦЦǹǻ𣿡


135

ԼǰĹ, ıûбס빮ǻ, Ҫǻص
Ƿˣôܻ뷨
ƫƫӵˣҧг, òװһϲ, ǻˣ̫ˡ
Ц, һΪ㲻ӭأϾһžͿôӲ
, ôᡣ񼸺ҧгݵĴӳݷ³⼸֡
ЦеĿǾͺãȥǵʰһ¡ͷҵķ䡣
ڵ, ֪ô, ͹һôͻȻˡ
ңڼǵķﻹǵķ䣿ôţҡһ͵ɫ, Լ鲻̫ԡ
һܹ, ɲҶ¡Ͼ, λ˿ɲ򵥡
ô, ɫ˳ż
ʾⷿڵǶȥȴüһ, Ÿʲôû˵Ļ𣿡
֮ǰȷ̫˵ڼСУɣôʱҲûйôƵӡֻôһۣǾȻס˵ûһ˸жˣ̲סҪĿʼж
ɫûסһ䣬
ƺһɻӣҧװźЦҲ֪뿪۶ϵǸ׵ľǸ׻֪һ취ȰܹҪ˲Ÿð
ڻû֪ͨʰ£֪ʰ֪֮ʲôӦؼǣܿܿȥǣô֪ǻˣ
ЦеĿܿܿǼʺͼǽѾ֪𣿡
ʲôȻθߣûзӦ
ЦԽԣ˵ˣͼ̽߻ܣԣҲϵϰɣ
ôܡѿڶһŭݵĿŹ˭ˣ
ǲǺúõǿ֤𣿡
Цеѽ
һЦݵָָߵĹһǹһͬѧǼʺǮſҪһڵõ㣬ӦҪвʱɣ
òϧҲǣҪûдһͬѧһ˵û¶ˡϾ˭֪Ҳŵģϵǽˡ
ϿϧʵϣЦ⼸Ҫˡ
ˡ
ɹһ仰ȴɫ˲ְˣˣܿܿ˵ǼʺǹҪҪ·;֮жǽ֣ҿ˶ˣ϶Ҫϵˡ
һģ㶼ԸǻؼңôܹҪݺأ϶ܿܿˮţܿܿ϶òκ֤ݡ
޵ǿ֨ˣ⻰˵˿񶼲һˡҪֱʱ˵
Це컹ҪϵءҲЩˣȥʰȥ
ڵˢˢĿԴӹ͹һ뿪۶ǵķ½ŵռˡҪʰҪλүͶСĶŲȥ
λƣɣһλһûһǼ򵥵ġ
һȻֻƮƮĿǣȴһһĻţҲֲĶ
ŹЦŵ˲ɣѲܿܿĿĲǻΪ·϶ǲ
ȻôȻĲǻؼң
̵ģ⻰ȴòһߵˣŸʲôȥʰ䣿
ɣɡߵĹܼɫ˱䣬ǸϽȥʰˡ
ط֮ǰЦŶһѧתˣڵ۶μӿԣ˿ɲҪ˴
ĿıӰһۣ侲뵽Ǹȥũϵ£ҷˣܿܿҲԱ߱ץˣȻС˹
ߵɫҲһֱ䣬ˣô£ܿܿ᲻ᷴҧϣ
Ц֤𣿡
»ǽû֤ݣôҲǹˣ˾Ǳߣûȷ֤ݣôңͲţ᲻ܲˣͷϿİѱġռҵ¶ʰ취ģûʰɵòЩ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬Ҳ΢侲ҿǹԾ
⹴ģôһСǽȻˣôôԾ
뵽һ㣬Ҳɫģҿ˵ǹҲյ˰·¶Ϣ뿪˵۶
ɫѿôոǸʱô޴ӣΪû˿ɽȥũϵӡ
ڣǱôͣ΢΢Ƭ̡
ǲĵģںŮҲԼļ޶֡ʰ֪׻Ƕ̫á
ɫÿҲû뵽Ȼôֱ׳ŵĻֱסˣȻһ׼ʱ䶼ûС
漴ɫ΢΢һͰ·Ĺϵ򵥣ңͻȻص۶
˵ϵ˾ôǶǸ·Լӱûϵȥϵˡ۾ʱ֣ԼЩˡ
ûĵûĺӣ˵ؼ˶ܺһεĴйأ
ɣ˿ɫ֪¶޷
ȴͷ˵ܵܵԴطϢżܹ鶼Ҫһ㶼³ġ
һһſʼͳȥʱɣûסֱס˹ԴҲ˹ļϣĬ˺һᡣ
߳ȥʱԹģɣԹʰİȴû١ɻʱȴһľԹҲֻʣ˺ޣʣµģҡ
ҵʱûг¡򣬽һӡ

136

136
ǵȷͣ, ͬʱ鷳ʹ, ҪӦľǵõϢĹʰ
ĿǰΪֹӻص۶ǰ㶼֪ͨͨѶ㵽ڸʲô
ɫί, Ǳʼ˵ռһжûóһ㱻ǱָĻ, ǳУ
ἰ, ʰɫ͸ѿˡ
ϺҵĽʧǿɲ˵ûӰ죬궼ǿ̵ġ, δũϵųĶԼŵִ۶İ·Ǽ鷳
겻, Ҫ㵱Ҫ˸, Ҳֳ鷳
ԭ˳, Ư, ²˳ĵʱ, ٿʱ, Ȼͱ̬ȡ
ؼǣЩ˳ĵ£йء
˫ս˽, ɫҲЩÿǹʰ飬ôͬ⽫ߣҪֻ뽫ߣڽӻˣʰʲô
Ȼ˵ίѵӻίĲңһ𣿡
һΪ˹ңֻҪٴռǱҳϣŸá
ΪӲóǸףǿչȻռ롣
ڹʰʮ꣬һڣֱӵң˹˵λãȻԹʰԸ˽һ⻰˵֮󣬹ʰͲ֮ǰ̬ˣ˴·ϣûҵ
ԽԽѣߵȻҲԽԽùҲĥܡ
ѾˣĶıȽϽȻûἰܿܿʧ٣˶죬ʱУҪϽܿܿôˡ
߹߰ٺ֮󣬵۶ϵۿӭ۶ڹעǼʽӣѾڽۿڵʱѾ˲٣ɹģﵽ¡
ǵ۶ϵȫڹעߵĶ̬Ϊǰؼҵǽа·Ķš֪ǰʱ·ʧ٣ǳٳûϢ
һôжҾݲСϢ·ڴεĽִ۶
·֮ߣֱʣ⣬һԭεĽмܴλ˵֮еִ۶
ȻũϵҪѾʧһܶλسʦԼûƷζʱʵĶֱҲǺҪֻҪҶܳԣ͹
ǽִʱ򣬼Ŀ˵ͨѣǸүӵˣҲǹǰ˸ۿڣһʱ֮˸𶯡
ۿǽִүӵ˵ĲӶϳ̽ͷŵӱߵÿһ ҿԲ۾أ
ӱƳһԱߵ̣Ȼ֪·ʧͦʱ䣬ǣӭӵҲеĹͷ 
·ԭأЦⲻӭ˸ֺĿϴ
үӼˣ˭ˣǣǣλأ
ԱߵļҲʣһͲûֱǽȥ ؼĸŻλȥˣ
̵ĿҲɨŰ·͵ӱȻ֪ǲô֪ɻǾÿϧһ˸ͷ
˰Χ˵ӱ߰⣬˭֪£λϤľǵӱˡκ˻ˣ¶û¶ȥ˼Ǳ߲䷹ô̡
Եİ·̣忴Ҳʧ𣿡
ʧôô룿ƽˡЦⲻ
·𣬡ǶǽмƻңӦҲҰɣϾǽ˸߽ʳĵļ۸ԼûҩûоҲǸ¡
ϵıЩûбססˣҪӻʱ򣬰·ȴƳһֱۣӸ˵ӱ
̿Ű·ıӰŭּȴҪװһͬ뿪
ֻҪ˻˵۶Ƥӵ£ͲʲôҲһĨɫŵĲ´Ьɲǰ·ǡ
ҵʣŸۿеطκβѰʱ
Ӱ۶ۿڵȷȽ϶࣬ɣҲ㹻͸·Ҫ˵ϢĽɲһ򵥵¡
Ҳǻİ·ķأͬʱҲ׷ʧλûϢ
Ӱеǵġʱһȴǹĳڵ۶ϵڹһŵµ̬Źҵˡ
һŴԼĹһٿһɫͬѿĹ𣬡˭׼ǻģ
Це߳ǣ°΢΢̧̧ʾһ¥£Ȼλ˵ǵġ
ƨҷһ
°Ƴһۣ磬ȥǸ衣
ϳȥǸҸϳȥһкԼˡ
һǰˣͻȻûʲô̫仯ˣΪǰ˫̥Ȼ˿оԷʲô̫Ӱˡ
ֻЦһҼңҲҵķ䣬ôȸռ𯳲֮˭𣿡
ͱϳȥھĸũϵˣҵĵطȥһõľǡȸռ𯳲˽ӡ֮ĻżۣʶΪڳοǹһǰָƲסֱӷȥҪ͹һ˺
һ˫̥͹ͬ꣬ȹһҪ󣬶ң츳ȻȹһҪԲһ㣬ȴҲ˶١
ùһоԵƣڶֵʱ򣬹ЦŹ
ЦͺÿˣЩ
һ룬ͷԭӦǹһѹŹһľ棬ȻˣһĹùһ˲ܿû˿Ƿһѹˡ
һ֪ôڶ̶̼ʱȻǿѧܼĹһѹŴ
һĹ򣬹һѾкӦ̧ͷȥ̣ЦԽԡ
ǽһţų˹һɹһǱ۾һһȱܿһߡ
ûжԱ߿ˣҪ֣һˡ
һԭҪȥ⻰˸ı䶯෴Ǻݺһȭ˹һѣ֮һαܿĶӵһŽ˳ȥ
͹һɫǼѿǹһѾʼϺۼǱ˶һۣҪͬʱȥʱģһУô£
ʰɫҲڵ˼£ڸʲô
һӵҲжԼķվ˹ߣɴűԵ̬
Ѿ嵽˹һǰһô£û¶ɣ
һָŹһԽô
ּ˽ӣҲʼ㹻ţ츳ǿŬ¹һ츳ǿһЩţһԶ޷
ĹһϲڵĻҳĵͷ´μҪһء
ʰŭ֪֪ܵܺã
Ƴһ۹ʰȻûô಻֪ĵܵá


137

137
ʰ, ־Ҫ֣һһǰ, Ա̬վǰĿŹʰ
ʰȻҲû뵽һȻô£㣡
ſ˹ʰһۣȻһԱ߻ֲģĹһ, ȵҲ˵, Ǹǻģ, ʡ
һŤͷȥôǲ, ȴƫƫ˵κλ
ԼòԣվԱ߱Źʰĸ첲ߣְ, Ǹջ, ͷԼĶӳˣû˵, һҪǶ֡
ʰʱ仯ɫ, ۿ˹, , һǻǸҵҵӵ۶ϵ̫͸ҹũϵ
һ˫һ, ķŭԽŨû˿ĳ羴ļƳһ۹ʰⶰƺռҵĲҵɣ
ҪߣҲ߰ɣҵȷչ˲ ۶Ȧӣÿԭ⹫СҲԭĸ׵ļױ
⻰һʰɫԽ࣬
ƳۿɨһԱߵЦŵ⣬λûк˵ǵôģ
üһɫ΢䣬ˢһŤͷ򹮷ûнյźţ΢΢𣬵ʱûа취뿪۶Ͼܿܿİܰûн
ܿܿʰɫһͬʱԱߵĹһҲͬʱڣܣ
ǣŲûк˵˵ܿܿǰ۶ǽϺǼʺᣬͼǺ͹һͬѧѾƣ¼ڵ鵱УΪҪ֤ˣʱɻ뿪۶ϵ
ʰɫѿ˼£һ۹תһӾ˲ܿܿʲôºǼʺϵ뵽ȥũϵ¶ʲôף
ɫÿҡ
ʰŭѾڲסˣ鷿
ֺݺݵĿ˹ˣȻ˵۶Ƕʵʵģ
˵뿪ɫЩÿȴǲòȥ
һ͹Ȼ֪ʲôȴҲ֪ǹǸĹǶԼĸ׹ʰЩµģҾô׷ȥֻһԹ޵ĿŹ㣬ʲô
һվڹǰ棬ôһĿ
һŹɫ࣬ﶼԹޣɵǼɵոչһͻȻʵҲ֪ûйʰֻǴ򲻹һٶ֣ҲֻܳԿ
Ĺһļѹûдֱ˷䣬ȷ˷ûʲô⣬Ȼ͵ÿϽ࣬úû߳ʲô
һ뵽 Щ˼·ʵĺãʱص浽ң棬һ㶼ٶֿ죬ֺáʱûа·ٶȶ½ˡ
һ޲ǰŽ˽гʲôȴקסŤͷȥ顣֪ؼĲǹһĸײܺ͸ìܡ
ʱʰͬҲ񣬡㵽ʲô
ϰѶóܿܿ취ѲһҲû뵽Ȼ
ʰʱȻҲǲ̫˺һ죬ʰŹǷķֱ䣬ǷֱȥץѲΪ
ֻ룬ǽ¶ˡ붯֣ǱҪȻҲ
Ǳһʱȥǰʱ䣬Ƕûҵʵˣɫ̫ÿ Լѡ˷
һΣ·͵ӱ˼ȫͨ۶ʲô⣬ӦͲˡ
Ѳɣû۶
ͷոȥܡ
ӱͰ·˶Ѿص۶ˣộոҲٶȸϻص۶
Ϊ˷֮ǴžǷڴͽӵĺ棬ҲѾһʱˣûзʲôԵˡɫģŵӱǷĵκηգţȽķգǾԸ⽫ֱӴ۶Ҫ֪̫֮еĲȷԿ̫̫ˡ
ɫ𽥳һһͷϵϣһǱߣˣպǶʱũϵҲպþʱִ˵۶ϵ
ңһǵ⹫ǰ·ʦֻǣΨһòԵǣǲǺͽһ;лǼʺ
ɣǸպúЩЩϵЩƺôôмֿܡ
ΨһĲǣ˵ʵ̫СС˾û
̵ĿͣƬ̣תˣҡҡͷ׻Ǿøܡ
ȻԽԽ֪Բܣûоʹ˷¶ȥǽµ¶
ͬʱ罻ϣֱҲҪըѣؽǵǽѾִ˵۶ϵǵأ
ûпĵʮ죬ʳ֮ζ
ϴƷʳȥ250Сʱ
Ѿʧȥ壡Ҿһ仰ʲôʱſǿ

һʱûгٵĺóԵģлͰŶӣ罻ϵϢʶʿˮĲˡ
ӱԱߺһۣлͰ򹷣裬һʱ϶֣
ӱ˶٣Ƴһۣȴûп˵ˣȻӱɶˡ
лͰ۾һӾˣֻ˵õû˵ȥ˵Ҳȥ϶ûʳģûʳĿ϶ͲֱֱôƷأ
ӱüͷ𣬿
лͰ۰Ͱ͵ĿȻԼȥǣϿԳ԰ңؼǣҿ϶ֻܿ
ӱ°ͣû˵
лͰ˿Ͱͣ裬裬ѽʷ㣬Ҿ϶Ҳˡ
ӱǲҲǲԣؼǣȥ
ȥΪʲôҪлͰСȥأ
ɣлͰЩЩˣȻȥˣǣֱܳ԰ؼǣлͰֳֻԣҲûʲôɡ
лͰΧתͺڿ϶ζˣͺͰ跹ô
зǼһٻûءһ㶼𣿡
ڲ˹ȥˣûˣô죿ˬڣۻ㣡
һ˵û꣬ӱóͨѶлͰҪȥǱߣ𣿡
ӦһлͰһ˲䣬˶㷢ˣƬ̶ûֱӴһ´˳ȥţɳ


138

138
ӱƳһ, һѽקǽһ, ˵棬˵ʲô˵ʲô֪ɣ
лͰͷԴؿȥˡ
֪֪, Ȼ֪
ӱֽҪǷʲô, ҾͰӵ˭ĵط˵Զ, ֱźŶûС
лͰһ˲ɫȻ, ʱʵˣС£ԲϷʳ, ǿ£
ֻ˲, ͱһˣһֱȥһǼ, Ǳһ, һֱűQ, 㣡
ûӦ, һԱһ񶼲̫ˡһ·ũϵ۶Ƥ, ҲûмôƤġ
лͰһ㶼⣬ֻҪһ˫۶ģҪֵĺöһһš
ü΢΢һʳģȻ¯вʳģɵûлͰķ㣬ḻ
Ҳǣ֣۶ϵҵʳ˶׼ˣʱԸ㣬ǽʲô
⻰˵꣬һ̲ס̽ͷȥˣⲻᶨؼǣعһʱ䣬ȻһȴʼûлԶô࣬Ҳ㱩¶˷ˣ顣
ͷһʳģȻзУʻù֣צӣʶʿˮŵãǲġ
ԴͷһγֵֹĶ֮ͳװˣΪζʵ̫̫ˡ
סˣǲҪҽ㱩©
ۿлͰ֪ԣ͹졣
֪ûһãһ֪Ǹ϶취㣬Ǵ߸Ϣģ
ЩҩЩ߲ˣֻһЩһֻҲᱻʰ졣
лͰЩίȷԣɣҲȥ˹õ˹ͬġǣ뵽¶֣̲סĶˣС㣿
۰Ͱ͵ĿŹ
ŪһʳģûоܾȷҪӹҵؼǣҪùʰһĽȥˣھͲʰˡ
ǣҲΪΪԼ졣
Ȼһ棬öٱ¶һ㣬Ҳ˶ѽȻʰʼղ֣ûл͹ʰȥˣ
ϾռҵѾȥôʱ䣬ҵ·¶ֵҲǣ㻳ɣҲû֤ݡ
ִ¶Ȼ̫ⷽȴ൱á磬ܿܿҲץЧͦ
ЦеĿʼѡʳģʲôɱ¶ģԻҪԱġ
⻰һ˵лͰǹһ۾˲ˣ˷ܵĿŹǿԼóԵ𣿡
˿ʳģӦò󣬴˿ʼѡʳġ
ʰǱҲѾһʱˣ˽ͷöĴѰҹ֮ǰ½ǽǣǱߵһЩѣҲûҵ
ԽԽľɫҲЩֵζˡ
ܡҡͷƱû⣬ܿܿǽ֮ǰҶˣû⣬ѡǽңǼʺǱҲʵ⣬ҲҶ֡
ʰֿһۣȴûж˵ʲô֪˵ʲôӻôģҲҪģϧ·ֵĽˡ
ԼѾЩͷЩǰǽϵʲôˡ
ͬһϣ˹Ҳˣ鲻ǽϷ£Ҳ֪жٻᶪͷϡ
ʰҲͰˣϾûвͣ͹һĶŮܿܿҲϡ
Ϊ̫ܿܿòϢѿܻᷴˮҧ
ȥʹңǹһͬѧǾȥæ飬֪̫ܿܿˡ
ʰɫ̫ÿ̫ò˵۶ĺȦӣΪЩ¶ֵѿ˱ġ
ԭҲȥת߳˻ֲ̿СȥũϵҲģ֪Ķܶ࣬һµǺǱߵĹϵ
֪ûк͹ʰֱӹҹʰ϶ˮ
ʰɫһʲô¶
ʹüۣʼոߣҲʵڲ֪ԼײС֪˶ٶңҲΪ˹ҵ¶Ҫǹǲϣôֳ¡
ἰһ㣬ʰŭӿ
ǳһĨȴǸһѻ𣬡п϶ǲŶģôͲϿڣյǸŮˣ֣ô뿪
һũϵǱ߾ǲضĵطȻҪȥǱߣôһҲȥˣҿǲŶǻˡҷ˲˵ܿܿҲûˣҲ֪ﵽʲô 
ʰ֪ǹ˵ɻ̲סЩĶ񣬰·ص۶ϵˣÿʱÿ̶ڵġ
·ɵӣ෴úܡǽߵ£϶ǻˡ˵ռǸϲ£ˡ
·֮ʱ̶޷ֻͣҪһղһնð
Ψһİ취ǣõʣµĶ׵õ̵ıӻ
ʲôǲܸģǵĸףǵĶӦġ
˵ֻ׷һܿܿʱô£˭ϾҲǼȥǻģܲôԵ޹ʵû˰ɣ
ңǻʱҲЩ֣պǰ·ǻ֮ǰҲ֪ûʲôϵ
ᵽ·ʰʶľͶ˶٣һ񣬡ܿܿȥģ·ȴûˣô˵ҲҪ
Ǹմ¥鷿ͿǴ˴СĽֱԱҿ
ˣæк
ʰһǾ̲סüҲûƽαװĵںʲô
üҶû̧һ¿
һϵĶ˶٣Ҳû˵ͼŹĶ
лͰĿ˹ʰǣʵڲףʰôԼıŮֱŵũϵġ
ţǹԸ⣬裬үӵŵĸүүˡ
뵽Źʰ̲סͬˣǵжϹ
͹ʰ˸ⲻʰŮǰֱӣŭ˵ûУںʲôʲôĵˣ
лͰ
֪ˡһ仰ûڣʲôû˵ģôͱһ仰˲ĵˣ
ˣһίĿ򹮷οһҪ⡣
ƵؽеĶŽ̧ۿһۣⲻҪҵ𣿡
ܿܿʱҪܣҪģ

139

139
ʰ˶˶, ǰлͰȻǰûлع
Ӧ֮, Ҳ̵ģҧ죬ǿϵЦ΢ºһ㣬һͬѧ
ô, ǰСӣֻҪ, ǾͲ¶
ãԵ, ԷƵڣȻܿܿҪ, Ӧǲ
ǣȻûϵԼǰ˵˭лͰ˹͹һһ, ϵֻ, ٿʱ򣬾͵, , ǲĵˡ
һ˲, ǲϲĹһЦ˳
ʰϵı鶼ЩŤˡ
ʰԭͺ, οԷֻǹһͬѧҪѵ͹һæ, ԲѽСͬѧҲһͷڼҺֹˣְֲŻѵǣ㡣
˵лͰԼлͰҪ˵ͲܽˣʲôͺˣǺˣСʲôʺ𣿡
һһ˲䣬ú˳࣬лͰֱ˳۵˼¡
෴ϼֱɫÿһʱ֮䣬ϱ鶼ŤˡǸ£Զ£˵
ӣɶ£츳ֺãѾѧԤѧӡȻǸһһ쵽켣һģǸ
ǣˣʱŭҧÿ֨ˣҪлͰ¶Ц⣬ЦⶼЩŤˣСͬѧǲ˼ô˵һǹҵĺӡ
лͰŹԱɫƽİʱˡ
ھ˵С̫ӶΪô˵˵ЩˣʱȻʮֲ˳۵ġ
ŶҾ÷ԸԼչлͰ˵꣬۰Ͱ͵Ťͷȥһӡ
ĵԴ˲䣬ҪβֻͣлͰβͶҪ̵ȥˡ
ʰ
Ƴһۣѵ𣿡
Ϊһ˵λãһ̾ʮ꣬ʮ꺢ӸģֻҪΪ˳ɹɿҧ
СͬѧҲһͬѧӦҲ֪ܿܿרŽǻص۶ģȻ˵ǹǼʺ϶ᣬ֪ڱȥˣ
лͰ̲ס̧ȥ񣬼ֱһ̾ΪֹӣǽƲٿңϢݸǼʺ˵Ƿ˵᣿
һ㿨ɤۣø֪ܿܿȻôѱ˼ 
һ룬ʣ¼˶ûټȻҲǱһߵģôһ룬̵ġ
ɣһתǽҶˣǼʺѾˣôͻܱ˷ץˣ
ˣﵽһʶòʼվڹߵģôУǶ
ʰҪû뵽ܿܿȻ޴ǼʺȥץǾˣȻҪ̰İܹһͬѧ
ѹ˼˵˺˺֣Ȼ˹ǼʺץԼĺӡлͰһпһС˵ģ
ʰø
˵ʲôҪŪǣȥʱͶˣҪȵ𣿡һո¿ΣһĶûסҴҵĳ˽һŭ
лͰ㲻ʾ˭֪ǲûлᣬʲôˣǰ͵˭֪ǲ˱ָʹ
һ˫ͨ죬Ҫ˵һץ֣ҧгݵĽеŭⶼлͰǿЦСͬѧܶ㲢ǾҪʿǸġ
лͰһˡ
̲סüһ漴뵽лͰǹһũϵͬѧлͰɫһϲ̲סһ
һũϵСطˣĽ˿治ŶԷҵ﹮ңҵ̡
Цⶼ˲٣Сͬѧ԰æһ£ҪĸסܿܿǹΪȥũϵӷǻģʲôǼʺп϶ᣬӦҲǿġ
Ա߶̲סһ֧
ȴǿ飬лͰ˵ӣΪ̵ֽԷˡ
ҲǾĶ֣˸ү֮⣬ҲǵӱͰ·ܺ뿹⡣
ǣ·ֻעԼţӱԶģ̫ע۶ߵ£ó̵ͷһˣҲòοֻũϵǱߵС
̽ϵı΢΢𣬡ϵϵĸףϣӦҲԸǹͨһµġ
һ̣ʰҲԺһ°̧ţβˡ
һᶼûסͬĿһ񣬡ǲӦ˭
лͰһԾԾԣ˷ܲѵӿôƬ̵Ĳȷˣ 㡭㡭
ѾʲĻˣлͰæҽܣҽлͰеӱʶϵϵ̫ˣպܿܿ˭ָʹȻҪҺͷ㣬û뵽Ȼ̽ҵøϽȥϵ̽ʾ
лͰϲòѵĿڣǰġлͰѾò̫ˣӱֵʱѾ¶վˣлͰǾ仰ǰһڣֱ˳ȥǼźûУ
ǣǵģ
ûе¶ֻܿܿǰũϵӹ һŲ֪
ǱߵĹʰ̵ģлͰؿڶһ춼²ٿߵֻòһƺȥŮôô²࣡
ŵӱĶӣȻ˵ǵõ̵ķԸԲŰ£ⲻǼ˵ָʹȥлͰܵӱĶ
ֻҪ뵽һ㣬һ˲ͷƤģһ˲ͷˡûУôܣ
ûУлͰһ޹Ŀȥֱ׳ҳŸɻ£ϴż豸ҪȻǷһ飿
˵֮䣬лͰ˹ʰѾװ˵ŪԼǰĹԣܿܿǹΪȥũϵӷǻġϣӦҲԸǹͨһµġ
̧꣬ȥ񣬡㿴Ҿ˵˵˰ɡǰɣ㣿
ǵӱ˵Сı¶˹ףΪ˼ලҲȷٳʲô¡Ͼйùġڵ۶ϵӱʱߵĶġҲ»ʱ޷ʱţ¼
ЦԣͷҲˡ
ֱɷɷףһ˲䣬ҪǸո˵Լ
ֱԹ޵üҪˮһ۹֪ǰǵӱĶӣ˵Ļ
⻰һﴫȥ˵ưܵӱӵΣֻǱߣֱŪ
Ҫ˵лͰǰǸҲ֪ǺãֻܺᣬֻǸᡣ
Դˣǲᣬ˵ʡ


140

140
ͨѶҶ֮, ûзӦԱߵлͰȴһ, ôãǿͬҷ㣬أֻô㶯, 边Ȼһ㶼飬ֱӳˡ
֪ܲӱΪʲôʲôİο, ʲôҪ˽ʲô, ģǵǷʳ, ˣȻ˵ôûʣҪ, ֱ̫Ҫˡ
ԽлͰԽǷ߷߲ƽ, ƽֱ̫ƽˡ
ٿʱ, ȻԽÿˡ
Ǵ͵, ӱӲֱҪ̫, , ˵ӱ˭
϶ǴŻ㱾ģԼǰлͰ, ֻ֪ΪʲôܾȷʵԽԽмֵӱζˡ
ʰֶǲģǸѾûжĹԣȥлͰЩ̫ȣ΢һ£㡭ո˵ĸףӱ˽
ȻлͰ¶ʮֵĲޣҲԼˣԼǰˣ̧°͵ģôǶ˵𣿡
ʰֶǲãˣӱ
ԱЦелͰҪص۶˵ҲҪ͸ǳͬһǽ˭֪ܿܿ͹ǼʺҪǡԭ֪ôôĵӣԭǹ˷Ըİ
ûУ˲䣬һ˻˶ˡ
ŹԽԹǹģ֪
񣡡ʰ񿪿ڣ඼ŵ˳
ں˵˵ʲô
һŤͷҲŹ ˣǸᣬֻǰܿܿȥǻص۶ѣ
ʲôףԼ˵̵ĻҪ𣿡лͰһվ˹Ӧ˵һվ˹һǰ棬ϾǰһŻλǹһ
̵˼ܿܿȥӹ̵ͣĵĻܵӱĶӣһ𣿹ʰһƬǣǳ⹮ǣʰɲҶǰӱĶΣ϶̵ģҧгݰ죬żһ˿º͵˼Ǿû˼ֻ
лͰ˰죬ԭЩٻ˼ȤôȥͲͷˣûУҪ˵費ҪģҪ˵ȥûǻæ𣿡
϶Ƕ˰ôʱ䶼ûкʵʳģûа취úһʳòײ׼˲ϣЩ˻ôûĴﵷңɲ
ʰǿѹסԼĻЦŵúúãæ
û˵꣬ƼлͰЦŹŹȥ˳һСӾȻһ۶ûпֱӸ˽ȥɫ࣬Ŀ⿴Ա߻һվŵһûסֱһ˦ȥ㣬²࣡Ҫ㣬ڵ˽Ķ𣿡
ְ֣һԭûзӦ˵Ȼ֪ӱ˭ȴҲ֪⵽ǷʲôȴǾüʣһǸСȥһũϵѣȻ͸˽Ķӳ˹ϵ
ȴôҲû뵽Ǹոսȥְ־ôݺݴһ⣬æȥס裬裬û°ɣ
ʰȻѹˣŭȴǰ㶼ûз£ʣһƽƿû£ʲô£¾ôܣôôܳʲô£
ְ֡һ޷ֱӱһڵϣһŵĿŹʰ
ʰô˵Ŀ񣬡Ҫһֱ˵˵£ôֳ鷳
˵ӱˣֻ»Ҫݺݵ̣˵Ҫֱʧȥ̵ıӻ
ڵ۶û̵ıӻûռҵȫͷϵԴ㶫ܴ죿죿
һ˲䣬˶żֻֿŵζˡ
Խŭˡ˼Ҷ˵ȢȢͣͻ٣Ȼ
ԭµģһƴˣԱ߹һĿŷӦôһ˲޲ֱʹʰܣָǶģԼ侲һݵĿŹʰȾƹһ϶ǹģ϶֪ܿܿҪ֣
ܿܿû˵һһͬѧǸŵģû˵ͬѧȻлͰĶӣ
壬ǹƵ壬ǵӱĶӣôܳͨǽôܲСǽǰ۶˵ǲ֪ӱžĽӸոյִ۶ǵӱĶӣҪԼǽƫƫǺųСǽⲻ壬ⲻǹΪץסܿܿΪʲô
˵£Խ˵Խô£ˢˢ¡
ԱߵĹһҲǿŵְ ϶ǹģ϶ǵġʲô֪
ôĽƻҪ϶ǹףոҲûȽܣǸʲôͬѧ˭һˣҲ˵̵ױ˭ˣƫƫҪڸո˵ⲻǹʲôһŵҲͽȫСˡ
ʰôһ˵ҲȻԼʱֱáлͰǸĵˣҲǾ˵øе
ΪĺӣȻӺֻҪһ룬;ֺޣҾͲӦǻŵִũϵ
СӷŵũϵôʶӱĶӣеĶôµһУ
޵ݶҧÿ֨죬ԱߵĹһһ£漴Ǿȷʵˣûйһ͹һҾҸ׶ĸҲʼպܺáҲѾ𽥽֮С
ڵһУΪǻũϵĻǾʲô¶ûˡ
·߽ҵʱɫģĿڹʰϣùʰ˸£漴һ̧ۿ·֮󣬶ʱɫɷף·㣬˭ģ
Ű·ﶼż־֣ҲǰգҲ֪·ոյĻ˼ּ֣
Ű·ӶɫҴҵĽٶ̫죬Ǹס
ʰԭŭῴ·⸱ʼղ飬ʱ뵽ԼҲǺһԼŮȴʼôϵӣ뵽˶ʱҲ·ҹңʲôʸôֱӳ
ҪԺѲʦʧٵԭ򣬻Ҫҵ鷲һȥũϵµԭ򣬻ǻ㱻ܵıףĸ֣·˵÷·Ǵŵһ
ʰɫֱ䣬㲻Ҫ˵˵
Ҳ֪ӱ鷳ûнôȻ֪·϶ʹ˰ݣǣʰҲڽ
·Цһûüڣӱ͸Ŵ˽Цһǲʡ
ڹң֪ԼԼֶκʵҲӦûʲôΣգȴǲܷĵ ڣʰĻȻһֶûд
ǹʰˣôΪһףôǹĸף
ʰһڣŰ·͵ӱڷҲ֪ģŵá


141

141˲Ҫ޵
·ĿһԱߵĵӱ, ӱҲɫ˻Ŀʱ򰡡
ʵӱҪһ䲻Ҫġ
Ͼ, רŴ绰ʹԼĶǰ̽·⻹ˣۣոյĶԻ, лĸ䷹
вСı¶˹ݣ߲С˵ʲôҪ֪Ϣ
أ·ȻֱӼı, ôֱӾôֵĸˡ
Ҫֱ̫Ҫˡ
ӱŰ·оԼѾԼư·ô;ɾ͵ԭ, žΪҪ˲Ҫ, ޵С
ҪԭôܻŴӳSSSѣ
·ɨʰ, ڿӱҲ֮һѪɫûе, ֱſڡ
ովԼĹһҴҳͿ, Ͳһȥ, ۾Ҳڷ, 塣
¹, ҲаȫУɣ⹮ʰ, ׵ġѡҪһһ㰲ο
·򣬿򹮷ĶûнĻֻĬĬԱ߿ŹĶ
ʳģŶ̧ۿȥסһҲˡ
·Ӧһſ׹Ҫʲôʮǰˡ۶ߵ߲˿ɲǹԺӵģҲ¯ģЩ࣬Ϻзæ̫ʡ¶ˡ
ӱŹһ۾Ϳ·ڵӣֱۼˡܾð·ǲģǼ鼴
ǣ̫СȫûдڸУҲûоЩ¶ɣҴˡһǴˣӿɾĸϲˡ
ôһ룬̲סһɨԼĶһۡ
лͰ˶û˾񣬡衭塭
òײҵἷ˵㣬лʳͰֱӸմϱˡ
Ĺĵģ·͵ӱĹעӱһĿֻʣ˹ʲô
һСˣ˽ôˡƺеұ֣ɵӱ㲻⣬⻶ϲ
ɲôܱȹһˣ˵ˣʵʲôɺģܵ㣬ռ
һ㣬ģа𣿡ӱһۿǱĶʵ
ЦеͰյ˽㰲ţҾþͺܺˡ
ӱǴˣֻʱǵִʵʩö֪ˣڵӱӦûһġⷢȡŬ׳ԼС
ӱҲЦӯӯӦڵռ֤ݣȻҲѾĥˣȻǷİΣǺҪ ˣھǱ߽ܵ÷С
һܾ仰ƺﲻ̫ԣȻǴӵӱ˵ģлͰ˵ģҲǳ˵ġ
ĬĬĥһᣬǲӦøĸܾ̫ˡ
·Ա΢ü¶֣˳һռҳ£Ϯ¡ֻǿ˿ģûٶ˵ʲô
ңӱҲһôǱУʱֻҲǲòҧˡ
ڵӱ᲻һĴ𰸣˿ֵµĶþĿǰӦǿԵġ
͵ӱɵһʶ֮󣬺ܿʹ˵ڶʶǾ⡣ϾڳĿϣԴڹ֮ûκλˡ
һϣûʲôʶʶģһ㣬ʲôʲôζ
ڰ·Ǿ͸Ӳö˵ˡΪܷⲻǡ͡
Ĺʰ˺һûгˣһΣҲòԾˣӱǿЦġ
а·񣬿󱳶Ǳģǰ·ո˵Ƕλʶһ⣬·ʲô֪ˡ
£ŹʰʱҲЭˣܱپԲܽеȫҪѹʰҪùʰ֪ýȳڸ顢ʲôģӸһ쿪ʼ֪ǸܵġģռҾͲܳ¡
˻ûȻӱ˾һεˣһΣŹʰҪѲԼ붼û뵽ġֱӽڿˣԻϵ顣ʵΡ
Źʰû֮ǰźӲۣûУʰĶŮҵĺӣĲ֪ܿܿô¡
ʰѹˣѹ˲ſڣģֻҪûûԩҲ
Ȼвǰˡ
˱ߣûдųκһ㣬Ҫںʱֱӱס졣
һֱ񱻴ߣʰͻȻһŤͷȥ鷿漴ҪϽϵ̣ڲŷӦӱģ·ҲǻŻص۶ˡ
·ռ˵ĹϵôӦ֪ģҪҲôĵȥư·
棬¶ɾͲһˣ
ӱжǿƾͿոǶץʱ״̬Ϳɼһˡ
ڰ·Ǿֻˣ·һĺǶʱڵĵӱûȽϣ¶Ǻ˽йء
ʰҿ϶°·û֣ǻûȷ֤ݣȵ̲סڵĻǹǶȫŲסˣ
Ȼ뿪Ա̱ŵĹһŷӦŸոѹԼǿ⵽Ƿʲô
˲ͳ˳һǣǣ
ȺץǰˣڲһǻŭԹޣֱӳŹ͹һȥ
ڳﲻ֪ʲôĹ͹һŭɨǣոջͺҰ賳ܣ㻹裡ҪŪ㣡
˵֮䣬ľҪֱ򹮷һոջǸһΣʱʶ򹮷ǹһ
ǣڣŭʧȥǣȻڻ˭·ԸûжԹһлͰôᣬֱһžͽ˳ȥûзеʳģĿһۣǰܣǼʺԱɷʲôȥԺȵطҪá
·һŻģϾҪڹǰˣҲ̫ÿ
һʹһֻϺģɫɷɷףȴܵ˰·֮⣬ȻֻлͰ͹һϣżζ
ڷ¡
һȻǸǸװһ侲ˡţڵϣ뺰һ֣ȴ֪ʰڲɡ
ֺõӱ˽ã׿¶е߿ֻ۰Ͱ͵Ľȥ
лͰЦһƳһۣ㲻֪ǸﻹŰŴ
һһлͰٿǸÿζ󣬶޴ѹĹһʱȻǡѵõ侲Ϊ֮󣬹һѾĿˡ
һڵϻţ˿ۿİ·ԼûиһĵӱֻҧݺݵĿһ۹漴˹ҡ


142

142
һͷȥ, ʱлͰϲˣһ, ץʰ¥ҵӶոյĶͶ㵽֪ȥˡ۾һ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ򹮷, ǲǿԿֱˣ
һ˫۾תҪװ޺, ޹ֿɰ
Ȼ, ɲΪЩѣЩܲлԵҪ, ؼǣֻҪԸ⿪ֱͿԳ, ֱϳԱ, ռط
ң񹮷ƿԵʱ, ڼ, Ҳ͵͵ڹ, һ, ǸȤ
ԱߵĹһҪŭͿת۾ʱĶˡ
̲ס, һ˷֣㵣𣿡
лͰһӾή
ǹҲȷʵͦʱûֱˣ˿Զô죿Ͼõ㻹û׬
ǣԽԽ֪ԽԽ֮󣬹ȻҲű뵽̲סֿһ۰·˵·ԼǣЩϣǸʯҲʯ
Ҳ֪鵤Ҫʲôʱܴﵽ·ˮƽһ룬ʱֱ²£ϾÿֱĴͽ٣һʮֺõĹء˵Ҫô棬һʼĿ
ʱһ࣬졣
·ոһۿãټ飬ʱûסǳһ¡
Լǿ⣬Ҳ׹Ĵ뷨ˡ
ǵӱһ£лͰСӺֱ֣պܴ󡣡
˽ǣֻҪϤ˻пһۿԾġ
Ͱ·¶ǲ˶֪һ˷֣ǻǸС鷳ˡ
ȴԱȽϵˣûϵ˻𣿡
⻰һ·͵ӱĬ
Ŀⶼڹϣǳ鴤Ƭ̣ɲ𣿰չͱۿ˭ĳգʳԺũʳģ
ؼǣҪžǹˣȫѹʵŶĻҩ
һһðաӱ˺һôһ仰Ȼţǣܹ룬¶йϵ̵ֻѾ´ɱˡ
ʱ򣬱˵̣˲֪ǹֻҲѡϴɱϷŹԭΪóһУʵ̫𺳺Ķˡ
˵üһҪûɵ㣬ʰôٴζأ
ε¶ˮõ̺͹ʰϣҲò˵¶ûйϵҲû֤ǡ|
漴ԭĸס棬ԼԭԼΪʰ֮ˡһˮôùأ
ʰ̵˶ӦõĴۡ
ôأ˼˵᲻úײǣ⻹ǶԼ㹻ģֵʲô
һ˵ٿ̬ӱˣһ˼ˣ˶٣ȴһ仰û˵ĬĬȥֱ豸ˡ
˽ʮֱһηˣΪǸֱһιֱԤ棬ֱڴ
Сʤ»飬ʱҲδؾͷҪ˵Ƿ֮ĸ飬⿴ֱҲͬĸܡ
ü쿴Ʒʳ֮綼谵˲٣ڳЩûûζӦǶİӪҺʱԶֻһ뷨
ΪλԼũṩĸָƷ߲ˣ˲ʳǶʳģҲܾòǸζ
ǰ죬ۿŵӱͰ·ЯũŵĽӵִĵ۶֮ûκϢֱҲʼûпԽǽ
֮ǰļʱ䣬ȻڵȣииĿꡣǽˣûˣֱҲûмʼ̬ʱͱˡ
ۿ߷Ԥ棬˵ʼֱһ˲䣬ֱȻθߣǺݶȻ룬µֱҲɵÿô˲䡣
ֱδʼѾйص˲ռ罻ͷֱ£һһһٵĲͣӡ
һߵĸүӵһҲȻⲻǽ׼ٶȣֻǣϻͣ˵ֱ˺ϣԣ˵׵۶ûУ
հصİѰ·̵ԽԽȻǶš
˽ֱ˺ϵһһ߻ԶũϵΧڵĸүӲ޳ɲ
ǹ˲˵ˣߵʱ򣬾ȻҪһѣũϵôʱ䡣
С˵㲻ϰףһˣԲϺöˣȻҪӰࡣǶ壬˫ش
˿϶ڵ۶ǲ֪ˡ
ˣˣֱҲУֱܱĺá
ίȥõģᡣ
ƫƫǣйڶˣӪҺ̲ȥ˺üӡ
ÿӪҺûеطͲ̷

罻ϸۣɫǺѿڣûյһõϢ񶼻ûȷױӱǲ
һŶӣٶһʵҵܵ۶ǾȻӰӶҲҪЩﻹʲôã
ǵģκ뷨֮Уҩ鵤ˣԲͨˡ
Уܺũźڶ̶ʱֱ̿ôũ۶ʳ ôͨһˣ
ٶһʵҵˡ
ôµļ˻ͷһɫһڣЩȴǰ㷴İ취ûС
ӱĶźͰ·Ķʵڲ̫룬춼ʵһѹòڡ
ؼǣϴεж·û˵֮ǰеķʶ˽ȥ
ڵӱˣѾ˼ʮ꣬ϰ꣬ʮ궼һֱũϵСط΢һ紵ݶ˼Ҷ˽ǵ˲صٺãûôʱġ
Ȼ㹻ӴǽҲ㹻࣬˵ʵ ڣҲûа취
һƬĿЩ֪֪Щ
һϢиͻȻǱִϢ
ңüͷ̲סʰңʲô¡
˵ʵҪǹʼڵ۶ģûҲڵ۶Щʱˣûлᶯ֣ʹɾһѱˡ
ƫƫʰﻹûһٶϵߡ
ũϵʱǵ˾ͷֹҹȥҹպý˿ˣϸһЩ·˳ˡ
ţü
ݹʰ˵ ǽ·ǼʺԭҪǼʺӹ׸Ϣ˭֪Ǻ̰ģҪܹһͬѧʰԴֲͷˣæһ䣬ʰͬѧȻǵӱĶӡ
ǽˣǽܿܿЩǼʺȫʧˡ
·ӱֵʱ򣬾ͶȻ̧ͷˡ
˵ǷһѾִ˵۶Ƚһִ
ǳ лͰͬһǽֱӱǼʺȴǽһִʣµĻ û˵̲꣬ϲ˸̫Ľۣ̫뷨
ǻԼ˼
һ ̿ȴǷʣǾã⣿
лͰǵӱĶӣŸȫĽߣƫƫҪߡ˶٣뵽ͣǸʵҵĲ࣬Ƥ˳飬Ͻôǿ϶͵ӱĽϵҲӦ֪ӱǱߵһЩ£ҪҪһ£
ӣɰ
֮ǰͿǹ֣Ȼ ùʲôر䲻Ǹֱˡǣﻹûͷأ
Ǳռǣûм
ңôɣǸ߽߹ӵĻҩԷҲЩ
ʰҪ֪ϸϢ
ʰӵͨѶʱֶǼģǱ̵ʱûסĶ˶
˵һ顣ۿʰ
ʰϽֽһ顣
쬵ɨͨѶǱߵĹʰĲ֪𣿡
ʰ񿴵û䣬æ Ĳ֪Ҳǵǽ˹ȥġ
ңС˵ͽ˵ӱ·ֻˣʵǵġ
ǽ鲻Сʳϵ£ʱȴһֶ˵
ǵӱѾҼң ֪ʵЩ࣬һ
ɫһԽûнøɾһЩ
ʰɫÿҲЩˣѾӱߣǱͷϿǻ¼ģһ
ʱֱѹ
Ǹһ£Сľ˵˻Ҳʵû뵽ӱȻż豸
øֻ˵ҪЭ
̿Źʰһ˲䣬ˡ
ЦһǲǻҪлûж˵ʲô
ʰˣʵû뵽һͬѧȻǵӱĶӣû뵽ᱻӱǵӱͰ·˶ˣܾòԡ
Ŭתƻ⡣
Ҳȷʵע˱䣬˵ʲôӱͰ·
ҼҡлͰ Ҿǹ׵ģ˵·͵ˣӱҲŵˣôֱӰǸˡ
ĿŹʰЩ ɫڣΪĻ˵ӱͰ·ѾȥǱߣ˻Ǳߣֻھֱ˽ʰһҴˡ
ڣ˶٣ڹоһ顣
ʰһ΢΢ɣ͹
Ѿڵӱȥֱˣɫѿ¡

ʰ͵͵뿪ңǰСĹ۲һ³ܿ˵ĵӱˡ
ǣνСԵӱ˵ʼֱǴҡڡ
ɣˣǸûп
ڹҲպôֱ 
ֱ˲䣬ֱ½ʱﵽߵ㡣
ֱ俪ʱлͰһûסĴֱӦ豸ǵӱҲû⣬ͳһֱ豸
۰Ͱ͵ľôȫϢڹ߿
Ϊ˱Ⱪ¶ֱ̫࣬˽ã豸ģˣΨв󣬶ӱ˽Լ˵ˡֱֻͿ·
ֱոմ򿪣չ˲ֱھͱ˶̻ǰըλүһ һٿ졣
ѧ֮󣬾Ȼһж⿴ֱˢϡ
Ѿֲֵķ˿ǶЩľˣԼٵüЩĽԾûзˢŵĻ
ӣ㡣󣬺ü
һ𲻼ӣͷˡ|
΢˿ʧ١
ԲҲûϵҾ֪ڣ㲻˺š

ĵĻӱ̲סһ뵽ԼľģƵĽԼǷݴϣֱĵԽС
ûֱҲ֪λڲڣ׿ڳԵ
ȻװX
ӱƵĴһ˲˵ע⡣
үӵֱһһۣʱˡ㡱
ӱôôУôôģ
˵꣬˻ûзӦһᣬӱڵշ˿ſʮλλϣʱҲòԾˡ
Ҷɵӣ۲˼Σ˶ĴŹɣ֮մǰţλмʻλ
ҪȻһһˣǸʲôãҪƴ٣Ϊòǵĸ
գӱɻġ
ǣǸŮӰֱԣ¼ûпֱƵеӱҲʱ
ӱ϶棡
һӾͿ϶ˣ 


143

143
үӴһһϼ, Ȼŵӱƺټ, ˼ǰٷְٵĿ϶£ӱȥ䷹ȥˡ
үӵֱӰ
ֱֹ֣̫ˡ
һУ˲, ԭΪΪ˱ԷſġġΪȥԼԶʳ
ԱߵҲֹ, ҿҲ񣡡
¶֮ǰĥֱʱһʼһһŮ, һֻԲɻġ֮һԲ䷹ĸӡǵĥ֤, Ľӵִ۶֮󣬶ʮֿ϶ȷǸһʼֻԲɻӦþʧٵİ·
ǶĸӺʵ, ǿ϶ǵӱӡ
ῴֱ, үָߵˣ͸, ԼҲǿԷеı, ǲֱǸ, ǰ·, ϶ǰ·
뵽˾һ߿ҿɲǼԲ, Ǿڵ۶ôȻһԣ
ǣʲôʧ٣ԲȵڣǶʱǶĳʲôˣ˵֮䣬λûסּʵĳһ۰·ʧ٣ôôõ
λүͬ߿ָţ˳ĿԱߵİүӡ
ֱڴͷβʼû˵һ仰İүǳ˳ɱĳĬ
С˶Ҳܱȶ
үŶֻ˦³ԶʳأڻũϵΧڰ
ʲô뵽һ㣬̲סݺˡ
ӱڸǰҲûм˱ԣ  
һԵӱ֡ŤͷŰүӣҲĲ֣֣̫ˣ˵ǲӣ
үһ޹Ŀˣ˶Լ뷨Щ˵ʲôģϸ㲻иϸӿδϸߣԼ˵ǸӸ˶ٻ첻ߵ¶ҪǶ֪𣿡
һգ۵ĹͰڳ˶˸һƤڳ鴤ˣ˭֪·Сǿб˼ҵĺӣ
ô·ʲôʱʹˣǹܲˣ˭ء
ɣһģ϶ЩҲסŰүӵûа취
ֻǣ滹ԽԽǸζ
ȻЩζȵĶչͱÿʼζˡ
Ѿȵûл˵ֱÿһ˷ܡ
óÿһʳģҪһһпͺЩʳĸոóǾѾζһ㡣һļ޷԰Ρ
ֱ䣬ʵѾ˵Ҫʲôʲô뷨ˡ
˼֮ġ
Ҳ˴һʼͱȦ˷ۣȴԶû뵽Լ۵ȻӲ˵̶ȡ
ȴΪũŵĴʳĳ֣˽⵽ֱġ
ѿΪԼǹݴģȴʳ޷԰ˡ
ֻǣ첻λ֮ټ֮󣬲ôķ˿ڴʱ˿̶һģһ뷨

εֱʵûʲôرĶֻ˲٣׼ĶԱȽ϶࣬˹һĺ֮⣬лͰǲѵзⲹЩ߲ˣҪǣ֮ǰ׼зԼʣµЩͺͣ۶·ϣлͰ͹һ˹һ٣ζˣȻǲܷ
ͺͰ跹ô򵥣ʵζȴζ
˵ˣǰ·͵ӱ˿óǼӣҲûסΪ֮Ŀ
ֻҪǳԹ˭ֿܵζ
ֱڷ˿Ҳмĵģףϴз𣿡
໣Գϴζûгζӣԣó𣿡
һķ˿׷ʣ۰Ͱ͵ĶǰǸӡ 
ֻʱһзְֱ֮˶ʱɫˡӹгзʲʣóԲóԣ
Ȼóԣ˵ģֻ˵ôһз࣬ǹζ˻ǣӡ
ڹз֮ǰжз֮󣬾͹ж졣
ǣλ֮зͺһһһϲȶȵģзֱ֮󣬾Ч¡
зһʱ֮䣬ȻǺͶһġġ
ֻͨΪͷҲЩʦΪѧϰзһ˲䣬̶֮һεõʦֱ罻΢еϲȶȵģ·з
Ȼ˵˵ɱϾзǱӵʳģʱû̫˽ĶԣζȻһѾˡ
ЩʦҲͰˣȻζģž㤣ζˣɵǲᶾˣң˼Ҳ·ģ֮󣬿мüĿˡЩͲһˣΪͷʲôǵģζֱˡ
뵽ζ·һ˲ͻȻڱǻ֮ɢһӾͳˡֻôһ˷ħˡ
ţˡ
ڹ˵ɾûôˣзˢϴķ·һǳɣȻӦѪ˲ʵĻ棬ڹУȻ˼С
ζ˶ˣ˵뷨ҲǲͣЪȴǾûһֱ׳˵һʳζôá
ƷζлͰ͹һԱ߿ˮ֪˶ٱˣӵ۾ǴŹӵģ޲ֱһ۾ͽǹӿˣ͵һԡ
˷˿˹һϲĺ⣬˳Ƶը˼θһȵһ棬÷˿ззƷ˿ң߲ˣзҲû˷ѣֱۿźˣȡ˷̳з
Ŵһҧȥ춼ϲ̺ģһˮαζϣټϱĶۣһӾˣһȺ˲²۵ģĽģֻǴ̣ڵģᶼ˲ˣ̺ŨѵԼᡣ
Ψа·ɫ仯ûУôĬĬĸŹ֣ĶüǼζδš
СС໥һۣҲɵ÷ˣû취Ͱ·⸱Ҳò
үҾӲɶ䵭ζҲЩʧ鰡
˵֮䣬̲סҰһ죬͸ոζпڸУʳ·ǰȻҲܡҡֻרעĵ
ԱҲ̲סֹҪզ˵أҪ˼һ£֪óԶ٣ﻹÿϧôһ㡣
үû¸ү˵·ʲô䵭Ƥûסĳ鴤һ£Ҳţûп
ֻһζĹעֱεζըģȻҲǲ鷳ǰ㶼ûţΪ⿷ʽθ֡
ڰ·Ǳߣʲôǰһʱĵʧʲô
ǲµǶСͷ̲סĺߺһ䵭䵭Ŀɲһ˵ģɧ


144

144
ʳһһ, ֱ˲òΪֱģʽǿֱƷ, ԸùкζոƮһڷ˿ѾȥԼкʳˡ
зƷ˿ҵ㣬˿˳Q, üðݡ
ȵǱƿ˲䣬Ũµ˸̲סˮֱ, ڹѾ಻סľѾֽȥץˡ 
ʱ, ˲͸оԼˣ, ˡѾûгԹʳοһȥʳ, һôأ
Ҹһ
죡ɣ
һԼβ, ֻѾҡ÷ˣ۾гһ, źQƤ, ֿڸлһ, Ũڿǻ֮лص, ǵ̡һⶼҪˡ
ǲ⣬·ϴˣ, ߲Ҳ߲һģһĶʳģɲ֪Ϊʲô֮ζôȫһģ˲᲻ˡ
ۣζѵĸо⣬Ҹֱ۾ǵ㶼˵һоȥĸɸɾ
ֻûɣ̹˵ĹעûиĶĶֱ䣬˵ֱٶĶռӣʵ磬ֻҪͣ£ܳԵĵϣʯãԵԼΪֹ
ֱ䣬Ǿûۣͣ
һһ۰Ͱ͵ľôŹ΢еôһ϶Ļһηʵ֮ҪܳԵôһڣҾҸƮ
һʳģвһĵطôζƷˣ
Ǵǰζǰĸо

ĴѾʣµСڴʱȴҲǺͰ㶼һһֻ޲Լֱ½ﲻҲ䣡
۽ɨһ۹һ˵ı飬ù̲ס׼ӣҪзóзԼĪʮң̳ӲǸոƿԺ˶Ѿ಻סˡ
֮еŨзһһ̲סıǼһʶͺͿԽζȫԼıǻһ
һ˫ӣŵζҲЩҲûгԹˡзζʵԣңõľҲ᲻˵ĺþơ
·Ҳٲ֮ǰĵʶ߿ˣǼҲ΢΢˶㡣
˰·һ仰Ҳûס𣬷ִ¯ĿռͳһССľ̳зȻӦϾơ
Ȼз֮ٺȾġ
¾ǹһ̲ס۰Ͱ͵Ĵֱ۰Ͱ͵ľԾĽҿƿǣȥϴзʱƺƿӡ
ֻǣĶƺԶǲģֻзľ㣬˾ĵ׵ĲڷˣȶѾƣǵóȵģָôζ
ɣңңٽҡֱķ˿һɵˣ򲻿
ӱˣһקֱ۰Ͱ͵Ĵ׷ʣô򲻿
ü΢΢һ̧Ŷûп
˵֮䣬ǽǾƷԱߣȽз˳ԭڵǾƵˣһתĿ⣬Ķϰݷŵֻзֻзİϣǰûб仯ʵϣֱ˱ǼȴʮְԵʾԼĲ
ʹˣһӲˡ
΢ļһĶѾȥץзˣȻ⿷ʽ޷⣬ǣλΣѾ裬ؼǣƾζ˭ʲôɣ
濴Ⲣԣǣɫз֪֮һĵطһȥûиܵʵϸۣѾܵڷ㣬ްζŨִ𣬺㣬˸оһ˲ͱŨѬһ㣬ֻ˶룬ƮƮɡ
ϸһƷϸ壬ڸ˿зֺζȴ˼¡
£һлͰҲЩˣҲľֱֻˣһζ͸ϽԼŵֱҴҾô˷
ĵ˹һ֣ϴ֡
һлͰһһίһͷĸзȥϴ֣ӱҲЩСǰʵϹҲסֻܸȥϴ֣һ£ʱתΡ
뿪ֵ˰·͹˹£·зǸɾ䣬еѰóĳʦҪϲ٣ÿһ¶Ǹɾȡз⡣
ڹҲ֪ͳ˺üСߣСȵȣ˹Ǳ̬֮ȡзƷ
ʱզѾԵһǱڷ˿
һзȣзǣзǯҧϡ飬κһϸ۵з⣬һôһ˲䣬Щպġ
ӱѸٷءսһԼùġսʺԼȡ˲͵˺Ͱ·һ·Ȼ·ڵϣȴǰ㲻Ȼһ㣬ȴ㲻
ֻɵ˹һлͰˣĶƯʾƷȻǵ磬Ťͷһ·͵ӱַɵˣû⡰
һĥۿŹǳԵÿˣҲˣֱӸͨѼԼĺ
ԵһǱŨȴҲĿҸɿڷ˿һüţҲ죬һֻóֻˣһһֻֻܽĴ˿¶ʳ
Եţȴǰ㲻ڡ
һߵİ·˵Ϭž͵ٶҲǰ㶼
ʣˣҧϡá
øүӵ˲ӣȻҲ˿Ǽĳԡ
зƵĽͺͺ׷˳˳㻹ĵ˾̳ϵķ⣬һ˲䣬һɸŨ೤˵ľһʮԵֱ̬ӳ÷ڵļˣֱ˼ˢˢĻͷôһ̳
ˡһ˵ӱˣǹһлͰδ궼ûסһڿˮ
ֱ˼ҪˣԲۣԲۣ㣡ΪζѾˣԶˢҵۣ
TMǾ¶ɣҲ̫˰ɣ
찡ҴȾƣϵо͹󣬵˵ζҷˣT MķˣҾһ䣬ʲôʱԳҾһڣģһڡ

һͨڶҪըˣοͷļϾƹүӵ˿Ǹ̳ӣһ˫۶Ҫֱˣô۰Ͱ͵Ķž̳ӿҪʱûпȨޣֻͶھ̳Ϳʼˡ
ϴзʱ˶з֪һͶֻעзľϣһΪ˹ǱǲΪյֱšֻ޲з̳ｫľƶͳ
ǾѾЩƹΪ֮ˣοнƣ
ζⱲȹоƶŴ
ΪһھƣүӾԼũϵһ졣
µүӣᶼ̲סˡ
һЩʱǵײģǻĸΧȦȾƴģֻǣþƲ࣬þƾ͸ˣľƣδŰ
һȺ˵ΧʿˮȴƵĿһ۹һлͰδ겻Ȩޡ
һлͰͬʱɵۡ


145

145
һЩδ֮, ֱ˿۾ʱһǿɲעδܲܳ, ϾǶ˰
ֱ㷭ˣһˣԶԶԶԣδ겻ܵ, ǿȨްɣ
ɹһôܽܣʵȷ涼ѾԶǰܱȵģ˳»ü֮, Ķֱˡ
ؼǣ˶Ժ, ƾʲôǲԣ
Ҫһ㣬ܺ, ǾͲҪŵζǲǣ
ܺȣȴƫƫҪŵǸζⲻǹ
δӵҲԷּ15ôδأѾ̸ء
ǵ, Ϊ˴ٽʺ, Ϸ˲˵ᳫʽ̸, , , Ҳûκõġ
Ͼ̸ڽ, 鲻ĳ
¥ʲô˼15˲ռ䣬磬Ⱦôˣ󿴿΢, ⣬簡
δܱ꣡ӣ

ϵδǳһţһҪˣֻ޲һߣǾô˳ҹ鷳
ֻ߸ɴ͵ôһƿ
£һлͰҲƬ̵֮һδôͲܺˣ
ɷδ궵۾ˮƵĵƣһ˲䣬͸Һôбôֱӽ˵ийٶˣ˭޷ܾģǲȾƵģŵζҲ˲ˡ
һлͰѧУɲǶԵıȾ¶͵к˵ҲǺջģֻǣˮȹһΣ˶Ȥˡ
ǣľˮȤԹľƲȤ
¹ʲôֻҪմϡ֣ǻͨ
ң˰ɣ˼άԽǲܳԣԽǲܺȣԽǲմ˾̲ס 
ԭûоôģ˵ǲܺȣŵζԽܹˣҪˡ
㣡
ֿʼͺͺ׷ԱߵĵӱѾķ˿ȴѾ಻סѾžƱˡ
ǾƲңôһڸ೤˳еôŨңľôֱӳڿǻζƾá
ڿкһϸϸƷζ˺һᣬӱŽǿھôȥǾƴӺ֮们ȥĸоȻ̲ס̾һþơ
ҺȹѲذĺþƣҲû೤Ũӱ̲סҡͷ˻ζ
΢΢ԭͲҲãصʱҲֹ갡
·ҲĬĬ˾ƱͬĳĬҲͬĻƷζŸոڵǿھơ
ԽлͰ͹һԽǼˣΧŹǴת㣬㣬㣬㡣
ȴָӱһ˵һԼһֱӷӡ
һ˫۶Ҫɳ˵ˣ㣡
лͰֱ ҪǹֻҪֱˡ
бһۣδ겻ơ
ôһ˲һѿڶ ǽҲ
û˵꣬·֣ӱͬʱȥһҲ˫סԼͣϵСֻ֣̿ί޳ˡ
лͰίͰͣҲȶ࣬ҾһСڡһСڡ
ϷģЦˣСһڣҿõ
лͰ͹һ˶һţֲûкȹƣ㣬ɿͲҾơ
֮ǰԼҲ͵͵ģлͰ֮ǰҲûܺοǹһˡ
ˣأ
һ˿űľ۾ֱˣѵ
⻰˵üֱ㲻֪ѵֶƣǣǿɲΪԼᵹ¡
ӱССűеľƣѾ΢ȴǲڣôҪùСӣǸ
û뵽ƾȻôͷ
Ƴ˿ڣôֻһȥΪǧģȻѾЩ΢ˡ
лͰûע⵽Լϵı飬Źһ״ûй۸һֻ֮һС°΢΢̧̧׼ˡ
һЩ⣬ı飬֪ûϣˣίͰ͵ĶǸĴָСıӣսˣǼᣬ۾֣һھ㣬һھͽһľƵ˿Уۡ
ҲǺң㣬úȡ͹һȹľƲ̫һǾƶζҲҪճˡ
Ұ죬еζҲš
һ߱һСҲԲлͰѾԭػˣ㣬㡣
ҰĶ죬۾գͣúȡ
ŵӱ裬еôˣ
ӱбһۣѾȾЩ⣬켸˫ѵ𣿡
ܡһ仰û˵꣬лͰѾˣֱ 
һҲ΢һǡˡһѾЩٶˣתȥлͰ أ
һ壬һƣֱӽһģôֱ˳ȥ־Ҫȥץ·Ѿ˳ȥһ£˶ȥ 
ֱŵδ꣬̾ĳҲЩɵˡ
Ƶİ跹СһھƣһͺͰ跹ҲüۣζĹ㡣
ӱһѾлͰǷݰ跹·Ҳû󣬽һǷҲֱӵԼĴ
һİүӵ˼ʵ۾ˣ񻰣̫ˣԼȥԲȾˣȻ˱˵ġ
үӰһ죬 ǹŨѵ㣬ζٿӱͰ·˶ͺͰ跹ϰأɲ䣬㿴ʱ򣬰·Ȼû뵽㣬˲
ǣ̫ˣǳԲϾˣǣ㲻һ
ԶԶԣ붼ˣԲܴ꣬𣿷ҪԼҲҪԼүӵһһͣԱ
ү죬ζſеľ㣬ͺͰ跹ǸǸζɨһۣЦһ˵ʲô
˵꿴Žֱ䣬ص֮ϵֻǣ֪ΪɶﻹǸⲻôġ
Ȼ֪һƣ֪·ܲܳ˻ôôأ
ֱô򵥵Ĺرգֱķ˿ȴǲͣͨǷ֮еÿһζؼǣδ꣬ǵҲûܹҰɵһھư
ֱڵδ굽Ҳ˰ أ
һ޳ƫƫѻ㲻ǣҪ߸ǾƵж㣬ζãйٶ͸ֱܸܵһ΢
𾪵ǣʧϾͬʱϢѼЧһѧУƹ㣬УཫһǱԡڻƹ㵽иУѧ
ûȵõ˸߿ĸجģ


146

146
ϢĸͻȻ, ·˸УԼ֪֮⣬û֪ˡ, Ϣֿ죬˼Ļᡣ
ԭ۸ոֱ¶ĥ˵δƺ˵˵ʲô, Ȼ۳Ų̫̫ԣԼʲôǴϢ, أͱһը, ֱӶϡһˡ
ѧУˣTMѧУĸ, ˣѵ⣿
ûв뿼ɵˣһȻ, δƹ㵽ѧУ, ߿ȷµĸĸĿµĿ, ô, еķعμһѶȣǼѧҪôһ, һ뵽, ֻ˰ʼĥΪʲô粻ƣ, ƫƫʱǽӦĿҸˣһоͿˡ
ʱӵĿˣ¹ܵͣǸߣǲҲǲŬȥѧУ˵Ϊһѧϰģʱ򵽵Ҳܷһѣ±ѧѧѹŴҪ֪ǾУġӲˡѧУѧѧǿǻ׼øǵġ񡱣һ˵ͿԱܿˡ
ǣȻһ䣬粻ĸĸӦ׼Եˡ
˵˹ע ע⣬صѧУʲôǺʣУ
Ƕײ㣬۶ϵЩСͣ˵߿ǳ˳֮⣬ΨһһֱܹӸı˵ĻᡣټͥˣһʼΪ֮ܶΪ֮Ŭɣôһ£˵ǵŬͻ׷ˡ
ԭ׼ãʱ뿼˵˶ˡ
ЩļҳǣȻǻŵøˡ
Ǻķ˶Ŭ˼˶ٸҹҹ͵ԼҺӿУⶼѾһˣȻôֱ˸߿ĸ
һ˲䣬ôһȺļҳֱ罻һκˡΪ˼ﺢӲ߿¶ԭͲô侲ο¡
һ˽УͥԵõı䣬ײϵһͥлǰϵǵ۶ϵϵ֮󣬴µȶȾ͸ˡ
˷ƣȻʱȻûκõġ
͸УӰĽڹϣֱĸûκԤȣûо㶯ۣôֱӹ
ȻΪ²ҪۣǽڷҲһͨ档ʣµģ˵Ҫֻǰ˭ͺˡ
һߵں͹ʰ˵ʰǸӹܲסƲˣȻСӶܲסֳô¡׷һ֮ŷ֣ˣʰǸﾹȻ֪˲Ϣ˱ڵӱУɫѿˣҲ֪񵽵ױ׳ȥ˶Ϣ
ǺڲˣҪռҵĶ֮ͽˣֻʲô¶ûˡʱǸ֮ˡ
£ҪѹҴˣӱתͷջһж˵뵽˲̵ĸѿˡ
ʵϣ⻹Ľֻ˵Ĺ˴Ҵ˽һ۹ʰ΢˶٣ֱӿڣУȷĿһУѧ⾫ѵ
ֱӲһվָŸոսˣ۾ɴ˼£˵ʲô
ʰһ£ǰֿ̣˿Ǹͷˣոǻ˵꣬ҲôƬ̣Ӷ˲£˵һ仰
ɣ̵ķӦ
ô̾Ȼǰ㲻֪顭
뵽һ㣬ͻȻЩ䡣
ǵͷ˿һ۹ʰ΢侲ֱӻ֣һһ취СӸҶһ㣬ӱ߰·Ǳʲôʱ֪ͨҡ
ʰͷΨΨŵŵӦˣڳȥʱ򣬻ûסĻͷѿɫԽû˵
֮ǰһϣȨƿˣǼײ˴ˣȴò֪ʲôʱѾ˱仯ǰ·ðͷʱֱֵֻʱ򡭡
ôŵʱȻһ˳ɡô£Ӱô£̾Ȼȫ֪顭
ۣ˶ۣҲĥԭûʲôϵģǣͻȻһ˵ҪԼҵѧǰ뿼ˡ
ΪģΪͻ²ԣòԭӦѧҳ˲һϣУôڣֻҪܿȥǿԸı׼Ըıͥıδġ
ԭڲ˵ⶼǼûκοܵġǣͻȻ²Ծ͸ȫһĸı䡣
³ֵģǣ˿϶ûнݾߣһѵĿӣǸײһݾ
һӣ˶취ʼҪԽˡ
ûס뵽һˣŹһŹһ
ȻЩ֣˵ùһЩջڴ֮ǰѹŹһһ٣ɹһҲģûҵᶯ֡
ԣ˵ûס롣
Це۶Щǰһչȭš
һǿɳܵĶˣ㣬Ȼž裬㣬˵Ҫʲô
һĿˣһУûųɼ룬Ϳ֪㵽ж㣬պò꿼˵Ĺһ͹ɲҪ㳹ײڽŵ£ùʰ֮ǰͬѧʦǵ״жס
֣Ҫǣԭִ
 еС ǣҪȥԣȥһһ˸ߵĿαǾѣҪǾûбҪ
ңˣѧҲûʲô
ǣһһԭҪ뿼ˣǰȻ˵Ѷ΢һ㣬а·ڣһΣⲻ̫
һùһһɨǰܣҲûʲôġ
һۿ㣬㣡 
Ͷ䣬ü
ھѧʲô壿ʲôҪѧϰģԼ̫ûа취ʤһ
ڼʶĺ֮ܶѧͬѧǵУ˵ʵû̫壬ɼҲǳãпγѾԣôҲûôͨ
ҪԼˮƽȥֱӿԣЩġʹһǲûôʱڽЩγѧᣬһ϶飬ɹʵǹһǲû취ʤһǲǳԼȹһҪ
;Բˣ
һӾվҵ°ܽôܱȲ
Ǿ̫ˣð·㱨һѧĿˣģ㶼˵ԼҪ˫ѵҲͨˡ
ᵽ˫ѵ£Ǽ·ֻصǹŨľ㣬ֻ֮Ǿôͷġ
ᵽ⣬Դͷ·Щۣˣĥζˣո·
пγ̣ôܣܾô¸㶨
Ȼ⹮ǲģһǹһе˵ǻ𣿹ĥˣȵʵڲеʱ򣬻Կ·ӡһ
ʺ;Ʒ棬ǰ㶼õġҲǶţ뷨


147

147
ô, ɻѾ˵ˣܲȥĿڰɣ뵽һ, һӲԸˡ
ԼţҲҪɣԼĶģǸҪɡ
, ڽһлͰ˶ǿÿŰ·ȥѵ˱øһ, ÿ̱ڴϻϢΪ˻ҪѧϰĻ֪ʶ
һһ, ټڹң쿴һ, ǸжһȻʹ죬ɵ㲻ʲôҪҪ, ԺĿϲ, һȻһˡ
һνʹţлͰ˵һҪ, Ҳ͸Żˡ
ԺһҪȥϾУ, զ찡Ȼ, ΪŹһ, ҪճŹҪȥҲ䷹
һֻͷۣȴǲˣʵûйһ, ΨһСʱ岻ãܶʱǼͥʦֵ½̳ģĻΣԼϵ˼άһ
ɣУһʼĲĿ갡
ʱضΪȻЩ۱˿ԼʻףĿȴǵӵܡ
ԭΪٻԻ꣬
ûгԵ˵ͺͰ跹ѵӱͼӱɣʵҲûʲô˵ģһУҲвıĿרҵġӦҲֵ̫࣬µĲıѵأҲͦĽġ
ԣһĿʱ˸飬һʱ򣬿ǸƺƵģ;ƺôرԼˡ
ʱ䣬񱻿ڵӱУҲûõʲôʵԵ֤ݡŮ˵ȷǱȽϴ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
ڱܲ˵ʱȷ¶һЩЩ˵ӱҲûã̹ҹĶûãΪκʵԵ֤ݡ
ʼʱ䣬ҪǱҪˡ
ȴʼûеȵΪǱҲЩͷö֪ӱûʵ֤ݵʱ򣬷¶ˡ
ʱ䣬ʰע˹һ͹ϣʲô⣬ɰ·Լһ൱ɫľ˵·Ͻץߣǹ͹һķȥ
ֱջˣץˣȴǿϢġȻ֪϶ǵӱıϵҪǱʧԴ˺˿졣
żϻȴҲûκãΪҲǱʱҲûа취͵ӱֱԡ
żϻ𣬹Ǳȴ࣬ڽһųȥʵԭġ롱ԶʱǿܻҪڵ۶ʱ乮͸ڰ·˽۶һ¡
ùȤĺ
¶Уڵ۶¿ĵĶʲô򵥵ĶһԴڴ˿ģ򲢲ȴùһ˫۾ˡ
ԭΪڶ츣ԼĸۡϿЩѾǳ۵飬磬ȻлõһΪ˽ֱӿɣ
һ˲䣬ˮˣɵȵɽ۸ʱ򣬹̾һ̫ˡ˿Լ¯ĥŽееҩˣҩȫԴչеĶ١
·Ա̲סЦ𣬡мԴǣҪҿһ
ôһ˲ĵۣŰ·һû˵һ仰мţ
δͳƹͬȼĿǶУǸ󡣡ǺЦ
˵ʵҲЩʵǿᣬʼտųʵΧڵİȫͼԽչ ԲԴǣЩʱ˶Ҫǳ͵
ʱʱ޿ǲˡ
һûסƲƲ죬ոʵļ򣬿ɲҪѯʰ·жʲ ֻûסһ¸пĿ뵽̲סĺڣʱ°·ʱ򣬼۸Ǻ̫˰
Ͱ·۱õʲôǾǾţһë
ϧʵ̫ˣ̫˼ˡ
ĬĬֿһ۶Է罻һ仰ʮֳƶ
ɲǵʱƶ𣿲ȻôܴôõĻ᣿
һִ̼˹Ǯڵ۶һȦ֮ٴȷ˺ũϵĺ
۶ϵҲԼֲǣרŹ۶ˮƽȫũϵǱߵã˼۸ߵ֮⣬ûʲôǣڹ˵ٶûӰ졣
ңˣˮũϵ¯Ѿʮֳ죬Լʵ̫ˣԿԴһ㣬ԼѾ㹻ãϾ۶Ʊ򵥵ģҲǿԴˡ
߲˷չˣˮȻҲ¡
ؼǣ߲˻кõĳʦˮȴҪ޳һ㣬Ǽ۸ԵȺӣ
뵽һ㣬Щʼж
Ȼ죬һߣ̾յòˣ۶͵͵Ѳ˸飬ûзκ쳣
˵۶֮ǼҪˣүǱ߶û˰ݷãǼϲҲûκβĶ˺Ͱ·ӱ֮⣬ƺûаһ
˵ǸֱӦһӴŶӣ֯ȴһëҲֵ˿챻ˣȴûκһá
о;УǱߵĺֱӹ֪ɴ˿ɼڵĴжѡ
ɣƫƫҲ
վǰ棬һ²ۡ
ˮ˿ڣǳ˹ȥһֱʱ򣬳Ʒ¾ơ
ۿüͷ֣˿ٵ˵δ꿪ţõֺһ˾Ȼδ꣬ҵʱһ仰˵ĥԼ˵Ҳδꡣ
˻û˵꣬칫ֱЦˡ
ǣѲҪ˵µĻҩˣȻǸδꣿ
ֱſں˵ǲ֪ν
ҲôÿϾ⻰˵ڣɲ˵ſں˵
ʱ˵Ļû˵꣬Ա˺ԼͬʱλǱ¶գ⻰˵ʲô壿ΪʲôҪ
⻰ڣ˳Ĭˡ
˵ֱѲһδŪĶֱЦˣΪоԺǵз
ȴ΢֮ǰ˵ûۿʲôҩ֣޷ǾЩʳˡǱĻҩʳģѲɻĳһɵģ
ǸĻ ôԷƳǸƭˣǵδ꣬ʲôܣ
⻰˵һ˶ЩĬô˵ɲǼе
ȻǸʵչֵҲֻһѡҪĳһô£оôЩоԺĳ˷
һʼ˵΢΢˶٣֪ӱĶҲδ꣬ңӱĸӵʱĳطҵǸҲǸδꡣ
ΪϰߵȷֱǶĸмܾǵӱĸˡ
̧۾Ϳ˶Էһۣ˴ԴȴǾйƻԣͰ·ӱϵĳڶˡ
ȻƭԣɱҲܴοôпܵģ
˵ڳ˶֪˵˭ˣ⻰ֳ͸ˡ˾ûƣֱǸЦ
ȴԽо仰˵ϴɱܴ
Զ˶٣ҲûлӱΪʲôһôעҲЩΡ
ңǸץߵ飬ҲǵӴڹߣͼԹġ
˵йʰڣȻоӦڣϢץ߹Ӧò̫
ȥһȦ


148

148
ִѾ˺ܳʱ, ʰ΢е㶯ˣȷʵ̫, ɵԼ£׬ǮͬʱҲûǼලһ˫ѵ
ˣȿ˵ܺ;, ⷽ棬û, ǣΪĽɶȸһ, Թÿ춼Ŭȡලһ
ǣһлͰŰ
ǹÿγŵʱ, ֻҪûеӱͰ·һͬж̲סĵġ
ֹʰж֮󣬹һʵһ, Ҫǹʰж, ҪֱӵŹʰǰʳֱˡ
˶һʱһ, ϶̲סЦġ
ֻڵ, ÿģǵð, ʻǿ, ȷĵǡ
Լԭͷ۵˫ѵûôˣڶˣ, һлͰҲһˡ
ɰƽϰȥũŵĵ̰æǸʮҪ·ɫ䣬ɻ˸װʼոڹߡǴũϵʼһֱڹߵģץ֮󣬹ʰҲķһ£һũϵıڣ˵ʵĿϡ
ԣһηֹűڳ֮󣬹ʰ׷ȥεµȻ˹Ǳ߿ڣʵƵܲˣʼûа취˴ٳ¡
ȻԷҲԿԲĸʲôǺȻ Ͱ·ӱôУô򵥡ң˶źüηֶԷĿĵÿζũŵĵ̣һ̫Ҫźšֻƾһ㣬ֻҪ֪ũıʲôͰ·ӱĹϵЩ£ε¾ͲҲ̾ջ
ֻŵʱ˹һ͹
һ̲סݺǿ˹Ǹߵıڣ˲֪ʲôʱֵģֻǿž˾ΣգֻǱɨһۣһоԼͱԭһֻҧгݵ˻ȥ
һճһ۾Ϳɫʱͳһվ˹ǰһĿŹһʲô
ǲǶٴûа㻹ôţ
ἰһ͸ŭˣһΪ㲻ɡ
£ һ°һ̧ŶԷһҪǼ٣ɹһȴ˵㣬ȻĲ硣
һץס˹һʮԹ޵Ŀ˹һۣĸ׵ûг׷·ȫģǶ䵭˲٣һ˵ʱֵ̿ĲУֻҪʱлͲסҹʰ˵һǵĻ
ɵڶûЧһ͹
˫߬⼸ԼÿתԽԼ侲ĸױƣֻܿԼ侲ڿǰĹ̲סӿϺ⣬ɨ˹һһۣЦ˵뿼Уҵ뿴ǲǸ¡
ô֪ǸϣҪЦֻϧǶǷڱģлͰǸݺ֮⣬һǴ
ڵ֪Ϣʱ򣬹ûЦǸ֪ˣڹһȻ츳пɣǣǳжûܱҵҪˮƽ罻ЩײһУֱЦ
뵽ǲôˡ±а·һ͹ֻǽΪһУĸ߲ԺҲҪ
ĻùһûסֱȥͰҹһٺ 
ԣǣ㲻У
ģ裬˭Ҫôףôǰֲ˴ȥȥˣǼʺû˱յ һקŸһקţѲŭ
ЦҲ֮ͿôǣҪǶ֪ Ǹ㹮һҲǸ
ҪѾˡ
͹һôŬ뾡취ǣҵôԾĵطòǱáǿɵҪȻѹǲأ
Ц뿪ϴŨŨİȻùһ͹֪Լôķ
ֻߵʱ򣬲ĿĿԱǸߵıϣԷɭĿûסһ£㹻аţԸȫˣҪ棬һֵľӦģȻקŹһ
аžˣߵȻǸаš
һԶ̲ס죬Һòҵǣ㣬ôקŲҶ֡
ڰ·ѵÿ޷ӱͰ·ֵµʿҲûһӣÿŰΨһҵһڸеľлͰлͰޣת лͰޡ
лͰĻǿܶ࣬ܶıϵ£ˡ
Ҫйʳ֧֣ҪŰˡ
òҵûܹһչ֣ܹקš
ƳһۣĿֻҾҿܶ߿ 
Ҳֵ࿴ۣ
ôһ˲һǲģ˵ҪȹһǸɣ뵽Ǿ䡰߿һ־øӱˣϾܵ˵ĻȷûëĿǳΪˣôܽǶԷ
δҪΪĴӢۣһ͹ʲôҪ΢ôһƣһһʼͲ䣡
ѾаٷְٵİհѹһڵĦģֻǣĿǰԿУ׻ĻϣôһĲš
ɼˣҲܱ㿴ϣʱһȻôܣЩ°ܽѣҵĿҪΪȰ塭û˵꣬Ŀ͵͵ɨһ۹ߴߵˣ˿ڣ˵Ͱһˡ
·ŲߣҪĿ·ڹϡ
Щɸֵб˹һһۣܵûȫţҪҪģܵȻӦǳ֮ġ
Ĺһţȥ˫ѵϿԣģ⿼˵ĵһˡ
Ĵ뿪һԭأΪ˫ѵĬһӣȻһ۰·̲סΪԼĬãа·ڣоԼԶģϾҪֱӳ·ƺǲܵ¶
ǣεĿõһ
һ̲סޣҲǺܼ򵥰
԰ʮڵѧͬԣڵ۶жѧֱò˵ѧϰꡭ
ôһ˲еϣĸ߿ĬĬȥ˼ҵķܴشôܶԳܣ
ҪúлͰһú÷һµģ
£Ȼ˭ǹһ˽з׾ǰ·͹ŶʳĵֲʽȫĶҩȴŶʳ
̷̿ʡԲһεļƻҪȥúϴԣԣӦǺúáȡùȡ֪һж˵
ֻϧȻûô˽̫뽫׳ʰ˶ŶžͶѰңҲҲͶԷǸڵ䡣
ʰˣòûа·Աߣۿźö֣תͱ˷ֻݾˡ
Ҳ꣬Ѿ˹ʰôõĻˣƫƫʰϧʼղϳ֣һֱͷ¶βֻԼֵ˳档 
ðôķաִĿĿɲΪץʰֵµļС㡣󣬹ʰȻʼҲʵĻԹ֣ڹһǱ߾͸ˡϾǸʰץסָץȥܱĹһ͸Ӳˡ
û취ץȥȻҲûа취ץȥһ͹˵״̬ҲԽȶҪǿڼһҪһ͹״ѹȥ״ֻ̬»
У״ο˺ܿˣһڵĿ򵥵ģҲǶĳЩ˵ѵģҲĿġ
ܲ;ԡ
෴ܲһ˶ΪıǸµĲܲɷֵĹϵҲˣƲԵıؽռݺܴҲЩûϣУϣһΡ
ʱǹһ͹˶עʱתˣ뿼ãֻǽһУܻøӰ취ĸ׾ȳ
ȻһڵĿˣûаĲģʼĿ佱ʰƫģѧУʦĹ֮УʼΪԼ츳ʮֳڡ
ǹʰʱ˼ľԶŮô꣬ܶôãԸ⽫ţһ㹻Ưֹ£һȻʮ츳ĺӡ
ֻҪܽһУǵӱͰ·Ҫֵʱֻ¶Ҫࡣ
һڵĿˣδѾ罻һһ飬ĿǰΪֹҲֻλȶܴﵽˮƽ
ȵʽҪʼʱ򣬾˼еĿ⡣
ͬʱһȶ罻Ҳӿˣũڵ۶ϵũҵõڸ֮Уڲ˶ЩũĲͬѰĵط
ϢһʱͶ֪ʳĽҪڵ۶ϵˡؼǣǰʱɣλڵǲǵִũϵӣͳ׽ʵˣλ۶ˡ
۶񻶺ũϵİ̾һۿʼӣũźʲôֱѾնʳĵĴֲȴ¢ϿԼУɿʱ޿̲ܴĥ
˶ũźǸʲôֱȴֻǮ˵
˿ֵÿޣӦ˾ӦЩܡӡĥʿǱȴõô³
ĺ
ı

ֱּֿӱȻһˣΨͼˣվڡƸߵ㡱ԹũŽŵ°ܣ΢һĶ֪ڿˡ


149

149
, 罻ϵȶһ˲ֱӾͱˡ
ڶ̶ʱڿ˶õ
˶˵ע⣿öĽŶʳĵĴ, ܹṩ˷׷⡰ҩݷȡ
ἰһ㣬Щ˼ģͺ۾
, ĿǰΪֹ¹ũŵŬ, ʳĵļ۸񱻴ԽԽͣԽԽ, ɶͨ˵ɲǿճʳõġ, ˵ĴģǣҪӦɲǿܵ顣 
ܹܵЩôʵҲֻˡ
Ҫ, ġε͡ĵֻṩز, ˶Ҫðٱļ۸жõأ
ЩĿ֮УʲôЩȫԼ, ܷſ, Ҳлˡ
¹ʲô, ֻҪǣǾȫһˡο, 漰̫̫˵棬Ժ⣬ոճֵʱ, ֱǱ罻棬κ˶ۡ
Ȼеľȶȷʵɹķ˿ṩģϾ˻Ǿģңũһٽʳĵļ۸ѹˣȱεⲿŬŬʵҩġ
ʱ罻Ϲķ˿ȴҪˣѾ̫࣬Ѿ˶лᣬҲܹЩȴҪڮٺ͵°ܡ
࣬ԷȴأҲǿ߾Ȼƽ״̬¹˿޶࣬Ҳû罻ռˡ
һлͰϾҪˣûסŹԷԼٷְٵս罻սš
һߴ֣һ黹ţ̫ҪˣʲôöҪָ еõǲҲӦƽ˲źã
°ֱܳͲҪˡ
ˡ
˱ŹһıQƳһۣõˣ
һ΢˶٣ŵûС
ҪӰ쵽ǮҲǲ׵ģϾҲ̫ˡҪĻǰһ˭ٶȶ졣
һȻ֪ģչԸֻҪûӰ쵽Ǯɲں
ʲ
лͰЩҩǷܻŶһôڵĻôδѡ
ô꣬ô˶ûоЩ˶ʹ֮еǣΪЩδϣƫƫЩ˾Ȼ°ܹ
ûйΨһľǵ
߿ѣԼĹ˺ֱˣֻû˳ֱȥ֡
ƵĿǺˣ
һ˲䣬˶ήˣлͰһܺ;ԣԹһ˵̫ѣǶ˵ֱǵ
Ҫο˹ˣ޳ˣҪǿ˹ˣԺֱ׳䷹ɶҪٺܶˣ
һʵǿ˲٣һֵĿĵģԡֻ̲סͷƤ顣
˶ʱ˹ԣĿ飬ѵѵĥǹҲ⣡
Ƕڹע罻ϵȶҲԽԽȣ˶³ˣڱԼ
ʼľУ˵ȶȶѹȥɣˣҲڶĿˡ
Ͱ·һǰ˹һ빮ʰʰĿ⿴˰·¶ּɵ׻˷ڹһ͹ϵĿ⡣
ڹһϳ֮ǰϳЦô㵽׻ǲұ𣿡
֪֪֮ԼǸȻұһЦһ
͹ѾУ֮ٽ°ͶҪˡ
ƳһۣһЦһǰһǲǾÿ֮ǰûаᣬ̫ʹ죿
ЦݶûסĽôƬ̵̣ģʮֿ̿Ĳѵ֪Լⷽ빮һмĲ࣬ǹߵİ·
Ǹ֮⣬·ǵѹҲСҧУô֮һλͷĻԼĳ
һεĿ˼ۼеĿ⣬ڼ˵ʱߵȶһԴﵽ°ܵȻͬȸ߶ȵĵط
˶ڲ²ⱾεĲʲôֻεĿ֮ռôıء
ȵ˽˶û뵽 ν⿼˾Ȼֻǡ츳ԡ֮еġԵ档
Ϣһʧ˾ϲ
¹ռȶ٣һӰأУ˵ʱκһ˿һĲ඼Ӱ޴󣬱Ͼͬʱ
ؿ˵Ļڴ᲻ʲôرĵط˵ܼˣǡԾû̫ľϲˡΪУ˵Щ˻ѾԼˮƽ˽ˡ
ɣ˾Ͳ̫ǣⷽ棬ôһҪĿγֻʲôأ
Ƽ˶뵽һܣǲѾĶʹ÷
Ϣһһ罻ˣȶĳѹԭǸֱȶȡ
ڡ򿪷ȻѾ˼ǧ꣬ѾŰо꣬˶žһָǿǣһֱڣҲûоٿõĶ
ͻƣԱȼ硰ʳġԼεĵ
һ۵ѾֻӦҳˣҲͬʱ³ˣΪģӰҲˡ
ڴʱٷýϾУȷͳһһϢл޳׵ľȶѳ߳Чȷ÷ݸʵͬķų
罻ȸýһ˲ըˡ


150

150
עȫͳһһ, γôǴԼǣ罻֮״α
ʳĵĳָһֻϲ, һɸУεĳϣ̫ܵв, зˡ
ַĿų߸ķӣǾζʲôζĵ߸
ǵлѾҪε, Ҫ߰ĶʳģΪÿ˿ܶԼһ㡣
뵽ôӵֺ, ٵһ̣˶һӺۿ
ؼǼ, һʣĳ֡ڶռ, , ޳
˶֮еģǶ̫ܹ, ôܽĶֱһԵľ;ȥ
ϳ÷зĵ°, ˵Ǹ, ӦýԼͷϵĶ, ʵϣ˭أ
붼ܡ
ƫƫ, һ붼ģȴôֱӱһ˳
罻˵ʲôĶУڳЦҲ֡
ȻҲһ㵵Ŀ罻ϵϢ˶һд˲ţôܣ
ٷ𣿡
ǷˣĶôֱóƹ㣿
ھУǱ˵ҪĸʱԼѾһ²⣬ȴǲŵġ
һֱ죬жѾȷ˵һţӦ˵κһˣôܽĶó
ôĸʵԽʵ٣ԼƶˣٲƸپȻôֱӽеĹˡ
ǵģȻĿǰֻھУƹ㣬ǣһͽиУƹ㣬ǵѧУԼ
ɫѿҪڵˮˡ˶׼ĥ˶ٶ˶پ ķ˶õ㣿ĥ˶ԴŽռҵĶԼУоͷϵЩǣأǵһֱӽеĲ֣еоֱӴˡ
¶Էó˶ʳģ¶Էνġεȵȣûʲôɫ仯Ϊ˵ֻҪܽЩиһũǱ⣬Ҳ̫
ǣǵһ൱ڽʳĵгˣ൱ڽεЩҩδȡг
ΪЩ֮˻ҲҪЩˣ
ǷˣôὫľ۱ֱˣ
ֵµɫ΢΢Ƭ֮ſڣĿǰУǱÿҶֱ·ˣĿǰЩ˿¾Ҫƹġǵ˱ų⣬ԭûвԣҲûа취Ǳ뱾εĻ֮С
վԭأֻվڸٵǰúһ£ٲ⣬Ҫǣǰ
밡
ʱֱ޲ýһνġͿѣĴ
ôĴ
漴üͷ־ò̫ԣԷûĶôὫķֱӹ
ãǸʲôֱͷϻĶ
̿һԼֵµˣһԸóһǮˣֻһǮ𣿡
µļˣǺü˶ûпڣڴ֮ǰǶһˣֻһǮ  ε鷢֮Լˡ
ʱ򣬻е˵ĿͲǮƣõЩˡ
λֱҪóĶ𣿻ʲôܹųضг
ĿǰλĿͻÿһˣ
ǶԷķ൱ڷһ޴г
üͷһĥﲻԣƫ Ǹʲôﵽʲôֻռʲô
ǣϢ϶ĥһ֮ûУɡع鵽ʼϻʲô ʲôԴܹⶫɫأ
֮ǰЩʳĲ½ļ۸񣬻Ǹ൱ڡ͡ġεһ̣ЩˣѲɶԷĿĲõ㣿ľΪ˺ã
ôܡ
ʱĹֱãڴ֮ǰûԭĺôû뵽ԭǼ簡С¡С
ڴ֮ǰѾԼԼٶȿЩ棬ϾôʱѾᵤ˵磬ڹǸޡҲǾԲܵġ
һεϢųȥʱ򣬹֮ˡ
ġ¡ӿһ˲乮ֱƵӤҪ֮ǰľ飬һ¶ù߻ħˡһֱ̤ԪӤֱǹ붼ûĺ£
ϰ꣬ҲǸ𵤣񣬾ôһ£ֱӴƵӤƮˡ
ԪӤڰ̤;һ̹Ǽʱ֮ԪӤ̫֮гʲô⣬Ǻ޻ػ֮
һԱ̲סֹöõ㡣
㣬㿴ûУ˳Ʋһ£ֻҪƹЩֻƾ趥ʳĺ͡εһʱͿԳΪǰʮĸˡ
ٿѾٸ0֣һûסʿˮ
ֱģʵ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ȻÿιֱĴͣũֵĶʳ׷ǰʱ乮ĵҩڽʱĳ˾ۣɣʵ̫󣬻޷ܡ
Сû̫ĸҲֻǰʱ΢ȱǮɵôǰʱ򣬻𾪲ѡ
ﻹǮõ㣬ǷǸˡ
ǰЩˣĸǾ˵Ļֻۣ˵ؼңǧĶ ߼ҶƷ
Ϳũ⡢߶ʳĵṩߣˣũҲܼǰһٶѡ
Դ˿ܿƸļ嵽жšǸƲ⣬ֻҪֱͬ⣬ֻҪ΢һʱ䣬ͿֱվƸ
Ŀһ۹һ۹ſһ㣬һ㣬Զһ㡣ֻƾЩͶ˵Ķ ٳ
гٴܿôļ۸񣿽Լˮ׼
˵һ㣬һ̲סũϵʱ򱻹֧Զڴҩĵֿ־֮Уһ˲ˡ
Ϊõ㣬ʱ޿̵һͻȻãõǮҲǹþͺˣûбҪڵǡ
°΢΢̧ţֻʵԽԽǿǲ߼ĵҩ
ͬʱҲ㹻˿ԡūۡôŵʱ򣬹ûסĿһ۰·Ҳ֪ʲôʱһ·Чɵġ
ĿǰһлͰ˶̫ãûʲôǰ;ġ
·ԱҲ̲סһ㣬Ȼ˹񣬵üһ̧еС
һһݵĿ㣬ʱԼˣеԼϰȻ֪ʱҪжȥӼǲܵģʵٶȣȫûа취ʣ
ֻǣһҲʣǣҪܣҪȥƸأ
ҲЩҲȽ鷳¡
ȻƸĲѣʵоЩֵƸվ˵ֱЩҲһ
ǣʲôôͷʼ̵õ㻹ûܹ򲻵һſǣҲ֪ﴴŸʡ
·һҵи뷨
һ͹˶˹ȥ·ЦУڻ㣬ϽѧңҲѾǿж˼άѡҲԷģڣҪ֧֡
һ˲䣬Ķˡ
һȴˡ


151

151
һһŵĿ˰·, ʲʲô˼
·һ, ԹԵУڿΣѡҪԲκθ档, ο֮еҲ㣬Դнвο
ʰɣգգ, ﶼĶ
ͬʱķչ;ǲһģǹ֮ǰ , ӹҵľѡӣǺǸ˲, ǣ粻һ
ΪҷܶĿ겻һˡ
С֮ìܾӶ, , ֮ìܵģʵδ
粻һ, ʱûа취, ҲûбҪΪ, ɳһܲѡֻ, ˼ɸѡ˲ţôҪߣƺȷе㲻̫ӡ
·ü΢΢һ, Ӧ֮ҡ
ٻһ£ʾԼҪٿһ¡ʵ֮ǰԼȫûа취֤ȷʱû뷨Ҫյӣ·
²һԪӤһ֮أң׬õ£һʵеѡǾ̫ѾڴӦȥμӹڸУĿֳһĲ츳ˡ
һԱɵۣ壡˵ʲô
·ʵԶһУʦңܶණܶ෽棬ڶһݣھõȷ棬ʮڣܹԣ̵ʲô⣿
ȥˣһͰһԭǵСȫûˡ
쿼Եʱ򣬸߿ٵɫӦ൱ģɽһգֱۣѧУʦˡ
ԭţûѧУһֿͨҳɼӦòڡ
öֻҪͬ⣬˾ԲκٻϲҪΪЩֵԶκοܡ
ֻ¾֪ˣὫͷϵ޳͸οˣ
ȷһߵĸүӵ˶ˣŰ·ʣȷˣ
ÿһ׮ÿһ¶ϲõڣΨһźǣ¸Ѿ˵۶ǵҲûܴȥĲ䵽һٷ
ԣǣĶĶãһ㣬Щö̫١
ũѾʼʳģǶ˵Ǳˮн˵ṩЩεٷһ򱶣ҲԶԶˡ
ԸˣҪԼʵңʲôţǶ⣬Ϊ˵һΪЩ̫Ҫˣ
һʱ֮۾ڰ͵ѧУ˻ü
үԱ߽ˮһֿѾˣʲô
һ˲ڳ˶йֻʣƽүһϲɫһиСӸպý뿼ԣңؼǳɼ㲻Ҫ뿼һѧУ Ĳѡ
˵Ҫ뷢͵ȷˣ˶ɲǺ¡ ƽǼҺӶ࣬ǻĶ࣬ȴǿԵĿô˰ɡ 
ҪǺӶ࣬лװĺ¶
̲סǶӣԺζĵȫҪ˼ͽܣҲͳȥҲ˼Ҫ
˻֪¶һͷһ꣬ܶ෽涼ǲһġܺ͹ϵҲǲһġ
뵽ϵ˶̲סĿ˵ӱ˭ҶǼô죿
ؼҾˣ˼ҲϽˣӱĺڲŸʳġ
ӱҲû뵽ԼǸӾȻ£ϵЦҲֹסˣЩмһʼҪлͰˡҪЩˣĶлʶ
˵һֿѾӿòզҲ֪ϲүû˵ģӱϵЦ⣬̲סһ䣬ôŵӱˡ
ôõĻᣬΪܲԴˣǿǿϧ˵ӸһͬѧԭϵӦҲ׺ϣġ
˻̲סһ ·ʹĵȻǳŰ·
ɣŰ·˲ҷ úͰ·ʲôʱܺ͹һؼһᡭٷ
˵¶ʱֶջˣҪͿԺƤֱˡ
һ뿪֮Ѿʼĥɴǿѹ͹ʰԴˡ
ߵȷӱ֪ˣлͰίͰ͵ˣһ㣬ҿ߸𣿡
ܲıŰ˸׵סָһ£˵ʵȥУĿˡԼϣֻһͰ͵ĿŹ
Ϊסû˵꣬лͰͿһ۹һĬĬĿڣڶӣôܱѹأҪǿϣǶ𣿡
˵֮䣬۰Ͱ͵ĿŹ󹮷ܸһߡҪǻʱ򣬿϶ûϣģ˸үү趼ûõġ¾ͲһˣǱѾȷУκβԣκУı׼Ҳɹͬ⣬Ƹ¼ȡ
ԳƬ̣˵е 
лͰ۾һӾˣҲȥУһҲȥˣɾǿûҪĺˡ
ܶҵڵɴֱʦŰɡ˶٣
лͰһӾɵˡ
һϲԱǺҲûʽͽԺֱӲˣͶ֪ˣҲǲǣ
лͰ˲ŭĿӣˣһ
꣬Ŀ򹮷㣬ôô
ʵĵġ
лͰ仹СٵһҲû̫Ӱ죬ؼǣ취һףǣлͰСǹʡʶȷ滹ǲӦ
ңӱûκζлͰʵⲻġⲻڡ
ǲڣһʱЦˣͰ
лͰһӿȻҲûǺ˹һһۣЦһΪǿж֣أ
һܲԣͨͳһĻβԣרУԣбԣҲܲԵȡ
һֺ͵ֹһⶼ󣬱ϾŰ·βһʱˣôϣҲеϣ
ǣڶֵĻΣǿǹһĴʹһһӾ
Լ׼򣬶˹һһһƬгУһЩѧαϵĻ֪ʶӡȥˣҲֻа·һ˵⣬٣ֻܿԼˡ
Ǵ˵֮еĴ򣿡һ˫۾һԵݣ˸żҫ۵Ĺ⡣
ԱߵлͰǽһζȫɫӣŹ޳ˣôĶڣ
ȶԿӡдУһڣôܡ
ֻǣֶʮֺʱҪа·֡Ȼǲֳֺõ¡
лͰᶼˣǾûʲôҿͨĶ𣿡
һǸȴЦ⡣
ƫģĻ֪ʶֱַͨʽʡģ¶϶ҪԼһġҪлͰãҩ̼ɣǣлͰⱾ顣
һ̣һЦ׿̻һͷɣԱߵлͰʵ۾ˡ


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152
罻ϹֱȶѾ, ׷׶ۣ۵, ʣȻǹڸֱ䱳Ŷӵ˭λ˭
һŶӣó˼, ĶʳģġεǾǾĶ, Ȼֱ޳˾סųӡķֻҪ΢ôһĵ, ԶԷĸм֮顣
ɣǸֱ俪, Ȼû֪λֱ˭
֮ǰΪȻǰ·£޷鿴ѾԲ鿴, ΪʲôڻûйǸ˭
ܾЩı, Ѿ֪ˣΪʲô
Ȼ, ǻʱһתʮ, ǲ˳, ǿ˼ʲô, Եڶ޷أ
Դˮζתȴͱķ˿ֱѹˣѾǵʱˣ
Ҳɵ, ÿֱԶ⹫ĪǰǵɵӺơ
Ǻǣܴࡣ
£Ȼλиָԭ򣬿ɣϲȰмȴǲġͬʱҲɵӣִڵʱ򣬾ͳһ
һգ۾ͱֱӰǳСˮ֤ݣֱӱ˾ٱˡ
̰ŵԭҲȷûָôĽǣ⻹ûпʼֱӽе̫ˡ
ƫƫʣµˮһһҼˡ˺ĺٱһһ
ȻΪԼҲķ֣Ըĵȥλ
ˮķ֡£罻ϵ۾ֿʼıˣµĿԣֱ˭ոµĶʳʲôЩ˶˵ͼۡεȵȡĻǹֱʳۡ
һ۰Ͱ͵ĶţԴȥ˵۶ֱ֮Ƶʼֱۿɼ½һķ˿ġ໴ɣȻзڷ˿
ʱ΢һ㣬ǹⷽˡ
ֱֱԼֱ
ģЩǳֻʱĿڸ֮ʳҲҲܣҲô࣬ҾҪԳԳԳԡ
ӣԴӵ۶ֱ֮Ƶʾ½ҪҪˡ
ųǴ£ȫҸҲҪ¶
ǻݼ˵ȴֻ֪ڸ֮
۹ܲܳԶһ㣿ֻ֪˵Ŀڸ֪֪֮˻ʹ֮

Ǿȶȶۼһˣȫû֮أþʢܶûеطûеطִˣԼ˿һʺƨ֮Լ˺Լ˳ˡ
ȻҵıһǴҵĿ겻һϲķ򶼲һ
ϵְѾһصĹһòЦˣһߵĸٵȴòа̲ס˰·һۣ ܲǶٶȿһ㣿
ϻΪʲôһڳԵ¶ʲôϴأûܳԵһڳԵġ뵽ջǸ˵ƽʱͦܵôʱôĥĥˡ
̲Լֵġ·ǳ˳顣
ٵˣ
µˣҵǹʰֵģ뵽̲סʼʰˡ
ӣˣôǸöûСⶼ೤ʱˣôЧʣǸȻҪжҲ罫˳µĴȥҲô鷳
Ȼ⻰˵е㡭ģϾĲԼģʣ˶׷ױʾͬ⣬һڳıߣҪ˵ͲӦôչʱֶΣִȻЩʣڱϾʱ˵ҲȷѾ㹻֤ˣⲻҪɰ˴Э𣿡
˷׷ͬһһϵıҪＱ ɲ
⹮ʰҪߣٸ㵽һܸ㶨̵֤ݣһˣ
ƫƫ²⣬ϾʰǹĸףҪôҪԸ
ᵽһ㣬˾̲סп̾ˡ̲סΪԼѹҲ֪Լʲôʱܳʳ
ȻǶʳģԽԽ϶ѾóˣѾһֿųʳʳĵķӣɲ֪ΪɶܾԶԶȲλġ
żòУҪøַȥץԷƫƫһߵĹʰǸǡһҲǷѾ˼ڣҪԼԷͷ
һֲԽɼոճһ͹ϵϲɫͼѾβסˣ໥ӣü۽ǶŨŨЦ⡣һֲȻǶ⣬ҲԱȽϺõ֣³Ǹԣ˸ǳɼơ
붼û룬ȥ˹ʰ㱨ɼ ʰüһµϲɫŹ͹ĳɼϲʤ
ѣѾĺͰսĳɼԭѾ۶ľУڡؼǣ꼫ܻУңѡľǾɼġһѧҲѡλֱǱѧϰһĶ
Ӷͬһ죬õôõĳɼѾõδ
𿴵ʰϲɫӣ΢΢ɲŵ㰱ˮҲӦڽ뿼ԣ񡭡һȻҲź֣ⲻŶͣʵôĳɼɼˣôҲû˶
˵֣ʰ뵽ԼѾ˼ͷˣҲûץסǡҩʲôĸǲܣ˵ȻʲôԼģߵıҲһһڻûг£ǱѾߵҪˡ
˵ ǸôãйһǸ㶼ѧˣΪԼˣô̫ΪԼǸһţأ
ԭԹһкܴϣģ޴һǸûʲô𣬳ܸ£֮⣬Ҳûκá
ɼѾˣչ͹һԸһĿˣʱӦͱôܻô͵
ѹǵЦ⣬죬ŵĳɺ͵ģǶѾ˳ԣȴܿ࡭
Ȼ˶٣ְ֡ǵʱ᲻Ϊ¶ûа취һѧ
ν洫˵ֻ˵һ룬һ롣
ʰʱ񣬿ǣĹһ͹벻һУôĺû᣿ôҲܾͷչһҲܾʹֹ
뵽̲סЩŭΪôͲʵʵϡǵĸףģ
ϾҪԣڿԾÿѧУУˣУСӱڻţһУһˢǣһ 
ʰôһ˲Ҫ֤һȻͲӰˣһ棬ʶһ۹˷λã·ʵ߱ڲϣʵҲͬʱҲ֤ϸмֵǱӦûѡְɣ


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153
ڶο˽, ͻȻҪٰС͵ᣬΪףӿͨ, ˳ԼѸһ͹οһ±ѧУ
Ϣһ˶ûסЦˡ 
ûгɣʰȻǰ㲻öȻҪ᣿
˼ʲôٰܾģû˵Ŀʲôһ˫̥ȫϣɼô, ˼ҫһ£ôˣ
̲ס, ҲһУ֪ͨףɡ
һУ֪ͨ飿ʲôЦӹǼʺ, ǽûǿ˻ᶼһ
ûᣬ϶, ֮󣬾ͲһˡЦϾڹ۵, ʰҪ, ˼ȻԶˡ
⻰һ˶ŰЦˡ
һ, һ˫۾ֱҪ, ʰζʲôζ, ʰҪ˰жĲ㶼޳ˡ
̫, һһҪǣᣬȡùʰͬʱ, ԲκβһΣΣʰøҴ
ҵ˶һܺͼֻ޲ӦǣԶԶԶԡ
ôʰǧһҪȥʧ˷ѣ
ǴǺ͹֮ľˣҪץסѱپǵҪһᣬֱӺ͹棬·մһ㶼ˡ
һϢ֮ЦһҲ֪Ӧþ÷̻ô٣ڵѾ֮ġ
Ȼ֪νף֮ⲻھơ
ӲͬһԣףȴʶһӿԳɼǶ٣Ҫһץ
Ǵӻص۶֮ǰûٰѹʰףˣҲûκίֻʣ³
ĻɼѾˣöȻԶ֮ǰ²Ҫá͹һȻҪԴһУ꣬ϼͻȻûסЦ˳Ҳ֪ʱʰ֪ôı
ԱԭһʵлͰ̲ס̵Ц׵ôݺ㣬ȻЦó
һλŤͷ˹㣬Ц㣬˵ʰ㡭
˵㣡лͰֱһ˫۵Բ˿һôû뵽һȻôսթ
һһ޹𣿡
лͰ㱻ˣԴڿ·һºĿ˹滮ԼһĳɼҪݾܵȷä£Ҳͦѵġ
лͰյһģһίĿ򹮷ûС
һ޲һŷɹȥʵ̫ˡ
·ɨһۣͷҲ뿴ͷϵϣȷʵͦ۵ģˣֿ֣׼𣿡
һ˲䣬һҲ˲ĵĳˡ
ֿԭֻʵսÿ˵ı־Ϳѡ񣬵ǣȽ⣬ṩÿͨѧУ۶Ļᣬùлᵱһ¡
⼸춼ڷѾʯΪʹãû
ͻȻʵ̫࣬ҲͦΪ˵ġ
ˣһһ棬Ҫˡ
ȻֻһɼǳͻȽ㣬Լ˵۶ǲ֣Ҫȫѧһ飬ĳЩѧܵȲ졣
̲סһͰ࣬ԺչĵһӾȻҪȻ󷨣Ȼʯô
·ڷϣѡż͹˵һ˵̲סпüôֻϧֻʮʱ䡣ɿĲǸ£뵽ĥ˸⣬ʮ⣬ѡַûж
һݣһӦѡʲôط
ҪһʲôģҸæɸѡ·ͷϵļ¡
ҲͷϵļҪ˵ӶҪˣɽŶûоַɲУⲻ˾Լûйģ
еҩٰװȻɱ΢΢һ㣬ǣҲ˺ôֵļ۸񲻶ֵƺһ㡰ֵ
ѧĵطҲŹһȦģ˵۶һ׷Ǽʮ֮еһС䶼ǧЩѧУȴԼռ˵ļǧĶ
ֻļ۸񣬾Щ档
Ҵڵ۶һ´Ҳ̫󣬹ӾסѵСϾõʵ࣬ȻϳݸԣһԴס󣬶ŶȽϰȫ㡣 
ȻĿǰԼֻ˶ΣΣ١ˡ
˵ũϵȦһҲˣϾˡ
·Ƭ̣ԴоסҪ밲ȫ϶ҪڸһǾٵˣСԴĶһɸѡͻʣˡ
·ԴǶϸµĥһ飬˼򣬿ɣ˶٣ڵأסȻӦҪõģǲˡ˽˵һʱûпʮַҪλΣ۶ȻЩԶĿǰû֪ңԺʵδصİȫ⡣
۾·SĿǣϵǳ㡣
ˮԴֲḻ󣬵һţӦǸոպá
ΨһǣԱȽأƽﵽ4%ңʱûо˵֮佫ֱӵݸԣҲȽ϶ֱ࣬ӾסһΣգɱҲȽϸߡ
ѾʿˮˣôֻҪֻþס͹ˡ
·Ц⣬Ǿ͸պãֱӽȨתƸ㣬Ҫô滮裬㰲š
΢΢˶٣Ҫõ㣿
·Ҫڣ͵ûĶģĿǵļֵһǿ֪ġ
·΢΢𣬡ǷŰɣʱũǱ߻ûгɹģңʱҪãõңȫ
ҪǻһֻҪݺһڣԴļֵֻԽԽߣδԲڷӸߵ⣬˭֪ڵķչò˶ãѾˡ
һḻ˾סҪ
ңҪǣ·ͷϵĿǵȷܶ࣬ʱò򣬵ǣѲɰ·ȱǵõˣ
Ƿڵ֡
ȷòʣ̫ռˣջ̫ˣеܾˡҪһڵɵأ϶ĵڻҪɡ
뵽ǿˮеڲסҪˡ
ңҲֻҪҪһȨԺ⿪ţҲһ׷ʲôҩҲȹ򡣡
򡱣ˣ˵ˣʱǷǮ°ɣǷһǰ㣬ĸܲʲôǷܸоʲôˡծ˲ʭӶ˲ž
ʱһɶûУû⡣
·תøϢոȷٵ˾ֱˣ¾ǵӱҲסˣҹƽƾʲô˺ţ
ǶõĻܸʳϰ·ȻôҪģֱ˺ţôɷ
лҪ˵´壬ΪʲôīڲŸء⡭emmm

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154
ò˵, ϹҪĶǵȷ̫࣬, Ҫ޳ϵҲǺѰ
ؼǣԷˮƽԼλûҪ, ȻЩͰ͵, ǣÿ˶ó
̫ˣ 
ƽʱԲȡ˵, ûס˳ɨһ۵ӱǾͲ˵ʲô, أ¶㾹ȻֱƤ, ˽ԶˣӲ˽
һ, Ķļֵȷܸߣ, ٸ, ܸ߹ļֵһ, ˶ҵĴ
ӱ, һӦȴŻȥ͵ʰʰлͰԱߵ, ôܱȣ
һֱڹң֪ܲԲȣǰöûУôôĶӣ
ΪҲ̫ˣ˵ǿҲʺϵģÿҶкʵģ㲻һ˾͵͵ӱҲӦ÷úѡһ°ɡ
Ա˷׷׸Ÿͣɲǡ
·Ƶķŵ۶ʱĿŵͽܣĥŹҪġʱ´Ӧ÷϶̫СϾҪԼĵӣңչϰߣ϶Ҫ߲ˣҩݵֲҲʮֺķѵط󣬸ѵҪ͸ˡ
ȻȻǷڵ۶ġ桱λҲ̫ƫƧ
ˣչϰߣʲôҪҲҪ⡰Ũ⣬ҲǵûԴ
ţ˿ڣ˹۶´ߴҲûкʵĵطպðؼҡ
ԣһӾʹʵʲô
·ǲʵҲ˵ҪһŰ֮⣬Ҫڵ۶ һʱ´ҪҪСطпλҲ Ͼǰ´
ԱһУУææĽӻǺѧУһȽϺãϾʱ䲻ǻҪѧУ𣿶ңѧҲҪͷܣҪܶࣿ
ʱѧУĶѣδԱߣһأԴҪȥ
һСǣȶ 󣬿Ҷ
´ҪľǷ㣬㿴ҼcbdȦԱߵǸ԰԰ҿԶת֣ԲǨ٣
ǵطೳʲô㣬㿴ǿأΧǵ۶ȫҪٶڳ١
˲ˣ·֮ǰռ˱ˣһûǣȥŭͳ˵ĵַ˵ҪȥʹǴŹȥʵؿһ¡
⻰һһȺ˶ʱ֮ǰŭ·£ɢ֮һһȥϵŬԼķӣ̬˳תһٰʮȡ
·ô˳˳ֱ㲻ܸɣһʱ֮仹˰ͽˣֻҪġ´ûȷص㣬ֻ¶ҪڲѵĶ԰·
Ű·ıӰӱмΡû취治·
ǹõе֮ѡ֢ˣҪõʵڲ࣬ؼǣҲòôĵطֻͻظһ䣬˲ѡ⡣
˰죬ȷһУԱߵĵء
һУ˽Ҫб֤ΧĵȻˣˡ
ʵСһУĺһƬյء
պúһУţɽкҲеأؼǣڽ˵ĵرȽϱˡ
һУǱϲʤֱӰǧǰĹغͬԭתø˹۸񾭹ǰ꣬˶ٱؼǣһУԱߵĵأȻǿġ
ûϾ˼ұȣûǮǣʵԪӤ֮󣬲ʵõΧĵҩҲˡ
ֻͬҩģһĵҩֻ࣬ΪʰҪᣬҪġϡԷֻʱ˶Է¡ֻǲϰö൤ҩ
һʱ֮䣬һУļУУ۶Ȧܻӭˡ˭˹Լ֮ӵеҩˣ
ͬʱڴڼ䣬ҵ׼Ĳࡣ
ڽĿ˲һպмһʱ䣬ԹҲʱ䡣
뾡취ÿһǰźãʱҲҵ˸ϢڱѹƵʮأʵû̫ʱ;ɣȴôԽԽע
ΪһЩԣҲΪ· ӱлͰʵ̫׽ Ҫһ󱲣һӵͬѧôô׽
Ŀܾǣ·ǱߵЩϣϢɹȥֻҪµһ㣬̲̾סˡôˣʰǸףȻûܴл㹻棬ð·ռ˱ˡ
ũڲԽԽ㣬ʳѾȫ׬ǮˣڱѹҲʵأȥֻ¾޷ˡ
ϡûϣϡ
Ϊˣṩ˲ٵԴˣ֪ķձȽϴ󣬿ɰ·̫ãһ֮⣬ûĻᡣ
ҲûᣬΪΪֹ˹֮⣬Ȼûҵκһˡ
͹һıſѧˣżȭͷŻһ¹һ֮⣬һ͸лͰȥѵǰڵĳɼ֮лͰҲһһֵġԹ١㣬ǰһȻףǣһ֣ңĻγɼҲǰţֻҪһɣƾϣˣ
ڹǰڣ۶Ӧ˵ֳ˸ֵ¡
һ罻˺ţһλݴԱݵĺк֣ܶũĴҵȻԼרԽԱֹһ
һײǸΪԵҹȴΪĸĹϵлݹ
ũŵ۶ߵĹ԰԰֮ͱӦ˹ÿ쿴ŴʳĵĽԼ½ļ۸Ҳϣ
εļ۸ȷߣҪŬŬҲ𣬶ңʳıũôѹŽۣԼ𶥼ʳĵ첻Զˡ
ҪǣγɼҪϣһУʱÿʳġˮķӣҲòϡεˡ
ɣôҲû뵽ⲻһҵʱ䣬ȻѾòϡεˡ
Ϊһ죬Ϊһεļ⣬ڵġӡȻѾﲻвĳ̶ˡ
ˣһεҲˡ
ʲô˼ҵĴʲô𣿡
ʲôӡ״̬תʲôЦ
Բۣҵ״ʲô¥״̬ôͻȻвˣ
ϸ˵⣡

155

155
ӡ, תȻ㲻һֻ⣬¹˭Ų, ᲻
ؼǣжٸˣ
ǣ
һֲôţÿ˶, 򹮷Ҳڶʱֱϯ˵罻
ṩĻǶʳģεв˸ѲĶ, ȴһǼûп, ֻôһ˲书򣬾ֱ罻罻ý԰ˡ
ݶԷϢѾڸҽԺҵز, û⡣
ϸû⡣
ģĶӻпУ, , ΪʲôŶΪһõڹ˵ѡ

սǿ, Ҳÿһǹ, ˵İٷְٵıܹ, Ϣոշų, ͱ˽ǵһв˸飬ôܾҲǸ˵ˡ, ǸľȻģ
ôܣ
һƬȻɲòϵһǣһ˲䣬ΪĽ㣬˶֣̽飬жϣоص¶ǰ·Ҳ⡣Ϊ¶ǣʵ̫ˡڣǵĵһӦǲ̵ֶΡΪϾģֻ̾ƾһ㣬ͿֱӷˡûУֻҪţܻ̾һʱĴϢʱ䡣
ڣģǰ·ٵ˶òϣò֣ռ䣬ֱǽоΪֹ
漴̶˭죬ǸͷöģûмˣҲǿ϶ºǱûйϵȻһԭǣ·ʵǾû¡
Ƕ²ŲʵĹ˵·Ҫæ£ʱʱһĿȥ
·ôһ˲ôˣ
㲻֪𣿡Ű·һµӣŵǸǾۼħڵģԷʱħ棬ڵġħͣǺ𣿡
·ôһ˲䲻֪ôڣ֪Ӧ˵ʲôԶЩհˡɤӸɬȷ֪öطŹǸɵģȻԶǱÿһáħ󡯣֪νĶʳģʵҲڡħ󡯵Ч֮мġӡ
ڣǵʱֹ̽סõĵطǹֲʳĵĵطҪǱֻ֪»Ҫһסɣ֪ЧӰ쵽ϣתϵĻ̣
ı飬Ҳ˵ʲôҲ֪ʲôҡҡͷӦûעľݣǸҲֻǸͷתǿ϶һЧģǾԴﲻߵĳ̶ȡǸԭֻٽѡ
̫߿Чˡ
·һ۹ӦǵͿԼʵԼӰ
֪˼ͷҪ۶ΪʲôǡӡӰСʹˡȼ
ˣǾǣĲ԰ӱȵ۶ϡϲ£
۾΢΢һӦôʣã
·Ĭ˺һŹ֪˵ʲôϾǿֱǡһڣڹ˵ֻǹһС¶ĸƷôһģȻù뷨ȷû⣬ʱɲӦĥĥô
۶Ǳʵûʲôֲ̫أũڶڵ۶ֲܱģ˵ȷ̫㣬Ӧò̫ɣ 
뵽еˡǷһõ㣬Ȼ˵ծ˲ɿ·̲ס˼ǮļõǺöԲġ
·΢΢һЦȻż
ǺӦֱӸıزδʽŶԡ
˵գϵ˸ǣȽ¹һ£¶¡˰ʵҲգֻҪͷõĺáľƳһϵеĲҵؼʱ򣬰·ǲ̫Ը֡
罻Ѿֳһţ˶ڸ¶ʵԣǱֹ̬ȡвٵͶ߿ʼнӴĶһʱ֮䣬ġ Ȼǳʵġ
ֻǣĿǰ˵˵ĵʾԷֻݹΪϵũŵũżҲһЩۣƷ಻õʳġ֮⣬ҲûκβͬѰĶѶʧȤϾֻһδؾǿԸƵģܸƣȻҲûκˡ
漴ٷһϢ˶ˣ෽ʵ飬ȷũźʵڶطΧʳĵġӡļͬЧĿǰ̶ʵ鵱С
ϢһũŸϢһˡ
ԲҺû̫ûܸҽһ¸ոǾ仰
Ҳ˵ũųƷʳΪⷽԼ֮ԼʳıġӡڣԡͬЧûɣһ汻ˢۣޣЩһȻũŹٷģһӣ۾ΧۣԡĿǰܣľûв´
ȷһ֮ũŵĹٷ罻ƽ̨¾ˢԣԾҲһ򣬡ʣũŻȱũϹѧtop10ҵ
ʣǲ۾΢õǲˣʣũſǿز𣿼۸⡣
ͷһθоסĲֲʲô㿼ǿũĵظ𣿼۸񶼲⡣
գգۣŰ·ԣӦøǷ𣿡
ǮôӣȻǰݣٸߵļ۸ֻҪЧֻ¶дѴѵӿ룬ǻ᲻ߣⷽԴԴϵˡ
ɡӡңҪǿǮԣ·ͱ˺ɣͷβʱ㣬ͼⷿ˾ڸطΧڲһõõ㡣
Ұļ۸㿴ʵĻٺĿǰѡ۶ũϵϾѾиũׯԭҪάġ
۾һӾˣŰ·ԽУ̲ס¶˼ֿϧֻǩʮ̫꣬ϧˡҲ֪·ʲôʱ򻹻Σգȥ֮ΣֻǣҶôˣʱ᲻᲻̫ÿۡ
ȻµӰ첻ˣһμ̺͹ʰ˵ľģûãҵҪʼˡ


156


ҵٰļƿɲС, Ӧ˵ЩƺƴˡϾǹʰ׼õģ, ô㹻֣ôôһȺ潫͹һߣ
ʰÿһŵĽ, Ψһڹ͹һϣǾԲ׼ô֮뿪
, ȥ֪ͨһ͹ᵱ첻׼뿪
΢΢Ц, ЦЦְ, İɣҺһ϶úúͽ㡢һ˵ġ
˵꣬µ۾¶޶, ȻҪù͹һ, ְֵļƻôʵʩô, ͹һȥһУһϴ۵ĸסǸ׺ĸ, ˵, Ӱһ, Ψһİ취ùǱˢøжȣĸס
ЦݲŹһ˹ķ, 㣬𣿡
ŵǹһһһĨЦ
һĻû˵꣬һֱǲ졣
һôߡһվڹ󣬳ɫûйԡ
һЦҵȰ㲻ҪôߣⷿգŲֱ
㣡һһɫڣϵɫӻްλõıǵ۶ĺõطȾ̶Ȳ2%ΧûһǼ򵥵ģס֮ ǲʸõѧУ߽۶ŵȦӡ
طȴǹһ͹˵ģѹĵ׷⣬ǰְͷڹһ£Ǹ˿ڣڲڣϼҪٰᣬǧˡ 
᣿һϵĳˡʰǲ֪һʢɣǰֻøӿЦˡ
һô죬ﻹ̵סԵûйôȣſھͷ̣ѽ˻ﵽһУְȻҪףһ£˵ȥˣôҿ˵˵ĳɼ
һϵĳ
֪Լôô벻Ȼ͹һĿľ뾡취̵ĽȻ̡
Ҵţ͡һžһ¹š
Ĺûüݺݵһ۹һһţҲ˼һְҲҪǽϾԺҪһУҲһֱũϵɣ
Ű㶯ûУˣû뵽һȻôô嶯ֱ˵һ͹Ťͷ뿪ңô죿ˣһҲ֪˴ɫҲÿȻҪŲӣϴ
һڣ̲סֹһëɣΪʲôʱأȻᡣ
Ƴһۣԣָô㣿
ûҽ֮ɫһľ㿴ٺٺ١
ûҪ˵ˣŤͷûסֵ˹һһۣǹһǸôôô죿ȥ˵һϣ£
ǹһ֪¶жҪʰɲһŤͷȥǣѵǣ²ࡣ
վſڣôţһЦĳ㣬ǳȥɡ 
ȥĶ㿴һȺ˻ûп᣿ڿԼͷϵĹ滮Ź滮ͼֽˣžǺִֻǣЩ񹮷̫ϲҪ޸ģЩ;ҲҪģĵʡҪעŽ裬´ϣԹҵҲҪˡʱЩͲҪһξͰ¶ һϡ
һ㣬ʱ˵ԸƢ ôڼһǻô죿ǲǵòʧ𣿲ǳȥһˣŻһǣҲвһ¡
˳ǰ·ʣϴƳ˹һһۡ
һٺһЦһ㶼ϣֻѧлͰģקŹȣ㣬㣬㣬㡭
һԹϱȴ׻վһ˵Ҳеǻ֮ı֣ɲǻڼᣬûа㷴Ӧġ
ŶȻ򿪣ǿŭ¹Ц⣬һԲʵڲ˼˼
Ϊ˰ǣ˿Ϲһһŭһ׻ǿԻûȷѣҲΪ˸ǲıһ£ܾܲȥңҲҪΪһ롣ô֣ôȥ뿼ԣҲ֪ûӰ죬ˣǸУйϵĺѣ¾ΪԼΪ˹һδҲҪڼﰡ
ҪڣȴոտŤͷһ˵ˣǲ졣
ôһ˲Ťѧʮ꣬ڼﻹѧУ·ϣûгԹɣ͹һĸεģ˦ƫƫǵʱҪʹŬȥ˦Ǿô죬ҲΪԼãμᣬΪңΪԼ 
 ôԵĳȥʧԼ
Ťͷ֪ӽʲô𣿡
ʲôʶʡ
΢΢𣬡Ǹûġ
һЦŹһӾŤ˵ı飬ЦڶڲסǲΪԼΪ룿Ҳ룬ʲôǰƣһӻǣ˵ΪǺá
ϵıôά֣Ѿάֲס˰ǿѹŭ֪гɼǣǵ ְЩҲΪǺá
ֻһ㡣һɫʱʲô
һֱӾһΪ˭㿴ʲô
һ۾һӾˣڰ·Ͼ˫ѵ֮ҲеСͣʱҪҸ֣һֿԳֿ֣֧ҽҩѵģֱ̫ˡ
һֻϧ һ룬һһѾͱһһźĿŹһùһûֱӸһȥ
ɫӣǰŹ㻳ûϵǣ㲻Ҳɣǡ
ô෽ſŸģʵûйݹҼңͷĿ˹һۣ
˵꣬ڹҴҪӶ֮ǰ ֱӵȥؼҡ
ߵھֱӴӵȻŹ뿪
ҪȥɹЩ·˿ɲǳصġıӰɫѿˣݺݵһ۹һȹһ粵ҴҴȥ鷿ſڣЩʢһҴţϻţףףҪٰᣬֱˤžͳȥˡҡ
ʰ˺͹ʰͬʱһվ˵ʲô
Ǹո֪ͨһͱŭţתʹŹȥؼˡ
ȥؼҡ֣ʰ˵ҧгݣŵǸҲɫѿô£
һ۹һһеᡯ͡
ʰֲĴһ۹ٿһ鹮һֱһȥˣùһһ˶ˣŵĿŹʰ֡
ʰĿһۣ۶ǷŭûĴӡ
ԭأζûж
һȴӰԭأǱһһ㡣
ʰѾҴߵʣô죿УðСӴ


157

157
һȴǻ켫, ϲϲĸȥؼңһ߻, ˵ʰʲôôǻȥ
лͰӰ·ϴģ칮СҪͱӱ˼Ȼ, ȸͶ϶ô죿
˭֪, ȻˣлͰô, ۰Ͱ͵ĸŴЦһ, ۹⣬ںЩlowlow
һ, лͰô˵, Ȼмֵõ㶫ǵԴ, ֲϡ, , ô, ĥô࣬ʲô壿ΨһĴžҫһ°ɡ
ҾͲܴҫ, һ𣿡һ
лͰεЦһɡ
һʱըˣлͰ
ͣ£·߳ͺɨһ ¹ըëĹһ׼ʹˮлͰ˲û졣Ͼ⼸Ű·ѧϰ ǱúáϿΡ˵ġ
·ǰţʣôˣ
Ϊ˲Ǳߵ˾裬ڹߵ߱ʱˣ·Ҫط¶֮󣬵ȹʰɾ֮͵͵ߵġ
һ۹һ·߿˹ȥ쬵Ŀ⿴Źһùһ˸£һٺڲˡҲʱԼƺȷЩˡ
·ȴûдһˣŹȽԺӣ׼Ĳֻ࣬Ҫһ֣Χ˹˾ͻסˡðյΪ
ûпڵĻôֱӶ˻ȥҲûνķ
ûݣĹԾѾʣͷȻǹʰͷĹʰڼûС
ʰĻû˵꣬ͷѾҶˣôһ˲䣬ʰˡɶ˾ôĿʰһһβͨѶ֮ͨǿѹŭ𣬡Źһһ˿ͣǡ
ʰŭֱţǲڵ۶
žһٴιҶͨѶȴûĲͣƽûһɫ
ͷĹʰˣȴԱߵ俴ţʰǻ˴˵ĺ¡
Źʰ䣬ʮвʰһ˲䣬̵¶м
һ£ѹеƢʰʵһͨѶȥεỹĸ׵ļѣΪþ㣬ѵҪũϵֵطһ𣿡
ũϵʲôãȥ𣿡ĵĽͷѡϵݸ˰·ʾ
·ӹͷϵϣ̲סɿһʾʿɶֹѹʰƵýӲȥ֣ʱԿĲҲǣ
һѵĲǹͷŭĹʰһѹҪǸСƵطһأ㣬ôõ츳ҲҪ˷𣿡
ĬƬ̣ԭ⹮ʰҲĹ˼ģƾһ仰ԭըˣؼң
ȻһϾҪʰϷݳȥġ
Ĭʰ㿴ֳʲôˣΪԼôľ𣿾ôҪֱӿԣͼһУ𣿡
ûסɨһ۹һţһҲҪըˣʰҪͣҲ⻰ʵڽӲȥǿⲻΪ𣿡
ǰְ֣Ѳһܺǣ
ĵúòҲԣҲһأǴ˿·ָλã°΢΢һ̧ûա
˵һֱӹҶͨѶֱӵ˾ȫǱߵˡʰ϶ʵʵǵġ
ҪҪҪʲôصһãϾʱڰ´ţͷҪɵġ
·̲סһ۹ԣŽ˼仰˳պãиҪº˵
̧ͷ·óһļũϵһũׯ⣬ԭΪżȻҵ˹ȥŷ㲼ġʯ˵ˡ
һ죬󷨲֮˸Сַⱻ˷֣ϾԴʯ۸ҲͦߣҪǣħ֮ġʯɲʲô˶ԴʯֵߣһĶߣǣҲׯ԰żҵҲײˡ
Ǳߵׯ԰ǻͬĶ·ۣ⣬뻹̵ˡ
Ѿ취׷أֵıȽԿϣ󡣡
ҡͷҪ׷أʱֵµǧҪӴ
·һ㶣뵽˹֮ǰ˵£ɫһЩʯڶǡӡ
𣬵ͷʣµʯҲ¶ˣ˲ҪӴ 
˵ЦеǡʯǡϿ⣬Ҳ֪˭н
ʯ̺ħҲΪħҲ֪ǵ˭ըűըأ
·ԣҲЦˣǾҪǡʯܼһʱ䲻
°ͣķȸߣ飬ⲻ󡣡
һʱ䣬㹻ũϵתƵ۶ֹĳλĻ֡
˵ùһһ±ƣ˵ֿʼۡ´Ľ⣬һУѧʱ򣬹ġ´Ҫ߹ģʱ仹ͦŵġһлͰ֮ǰɺȴİ¶ƣȲҲҪͰ͵Ĵ
ڹڹҡҲͨѶʱ䣬ҵӶһˣһˣ׷ױ⡣ʰѾܻˣϻиǳӡĹһţùһ͹Ǹ֮󣬺Ͱ·ţ໥䡣
ΪӺõ˵ڴ˹͹һ·ϣʰãǼɵҵСӾ΢һͻע⣬ֻʵʵ˴ȥˡ
ңɫٲÿʰҲûиһ䣬Ҫؼʱٰˣ˶ûá
һ˫࣬Ź͹һһЦһ뿪ڣݺݵһۡһԸǹʰȴ񣬹֪һʱ⵱ʲôʮ˹˵֡ǲҪôһ죬˵ֻҪ뵽֮󹮷ǵ³ϵЦԽУѾ½пˣһǻ·ɡ
ü΢΢顱һ¹š
û뵽ȻԣҪʰ¶ûΣաһ̲סЦžˣôŸǵǸ˦ӣȻЦó
˶ŹԼҴܻܵȥ
һߣڽӵϢµڷ磬ǶЦ
ǱʱҲҪиһҪҴʵǱ׼ôˣߣȥ


158

158
Ǳܲѵȥʵҿµĳɹ, ߵĹʰҲһܣѾ˺þòЦݡ
ôϢ, ѾһУż˵ԽǸʲô¡죬ЭΪĸеĸ, Ҳڽ챻µĳҲϴɾ
۲ѵķ, һǸĵСӣҲٿ, ռҵкۼɾ
ϴŨŨЦ⣬żǼαװŶ, һκͶԷȷ˼ƻû⣬ԼװȥҪ
·Ӵʱ, ûǴѡ, κʱ򹮷Ӧñȥ±֣ŶʵѾ׼ˡ 
һ·۾, Ŷ, , ϲʲô, Ȼһʱһίأ
ȻҲûиð·Ǵ޹ؽҪĶ, ɣ·ȴûģͲһˡһίĿŰ·
·ûа㲻˼üкӽôʲô
һĿ⻰˵ƺҲȷûëĪ 
ǶرȤһɫʢˡĺɫȹ·һҲûס΢΢۹⻹Ǻܲġ
·ȫѾǵҲѾλⷽ棬·ԲκκߵİҲЯ˻ףлսɴʱߵľ汣
͸Ӳںˣûͻ֮ǰ϶ģͻ֮Ͳ̫ˣѾȥԭ⹫ĸʧٵĵطȥһˡ
·˳ϢûĻӦѾյҿʼоˡ
ģϢ͸Ȥˣ۾һӾˡϾܹһӽǣԭǵִ˵Ҳһ¡
ңǣҲԿʼ׼ϡ׬Ǯˡһ£ÿһԤ㱳һ嵥ϸҪõ㣬ûһС֡Щż࣬ʲôʱܻر׬Ǯˣծ
ʱʱ̿Ƿšծܸоеأ
·ףⲻӦѾ̵ʵˣֻǲ֪Լϴɲɡ
ЦеģǴ£·ҲѾȷߵ̵ĸ֣鷢չκ·Ľ˿񡢹ʰԼλڣǡϡˡ
ڸڷʼעŸڵĶ¿˲ˣڻ͸׼õıҵСڣŸ߸Ь˷ţƳһ۷⡱ŹˣǵЦԽø߸ߵġ
ѾȲĿ³ء
΢΢һȹߣ¥ĿˣЦһУ
ļʮ־ȵףϵЦԽˡ
˵ǹ𣬾ǹʰû뵽⼸λȻˡ
ٰʱǺܺãӶĳɼɣ񵽵ǻûл˵˵ȥ׻кܴӰ죬Ԥ֮еĺö˶û
ɵ⼸λʱ򣬹ʰ°Ͷ΢΢̧ģϺЦⶼˣ˭⼸λŵˣһУϽڡʦǡ
ûԱЩΪ˰ͽˣ۾
û뵽⼸λȻŹ𡢹һӡȰˣĺӹȻгϢֹסĶЦ⣬Ҫǹ㹻츳ô⼸λ
ֻǣʰܾԼҲãҲãȥ˵ʱ򣬶Է̬ȶЩ䵭ˡ
ȻʰҲԼļƽϣ϶Ϊ˱ӣϾμεᣬѾܹ˵̫ˡ
ЦҪ ò׽ǽϺۼȥĹһ°͵ĻҲԽԽߣǼλǰҲղ
һڵĦ֮ѵĿˣԱߵˣȷʵûмܳϴαһѹţҲǸ⣬˵ǹһʲôֽûз֡
һУЩʦֱڵţֻϧĿǽλ¡мֵģǡεż԰ЦӲͬѧ࣬ŵЦҲûлӦ˼
£ʱ䣬ʰҲЩˣɵþϢĽǣɲܸЩﲻõӡ
úܺãϾ˶ӵʱ򣬹ɫ֮ں԰˴ߣ˭ܷ֣ʱ򼴱ؼҵ˷ֲԣҪҲûˡһһѲߵĺü˶ǵģʱ˽תߡ
·Ҫ飬Ҳ޴Ӳ
ɣ¾°ؼҵǰļλϾ·ھСȻɵ׻м汾µģ˵ؼҵھУЩҲЩõġ
ͷȥô£ôû
ӹҪϾͰؼ˵ΪŽ˴ġ
ֻǣʰû֣һ֣Ǽλʦһ˲Ų˹УʱҪȡ
żλʦʮֱǸЦЦʦԵ ҽСӣȥߴߡ
һǳһĨʰȴʮϿɵӣȫûԼǰ⼸λ۵Ĩζ
ʱൽʰͷֵʱЩɡˮˣʩʩȻŹһͰ·
Ҫ¥ʱ򣬿ĸպþһĻ
һһɫβƵһ޳ͦ꣬ںǸŮ˺õĵط
Ǹɴߣֻ͸һ˫ӣҲǻһװԵͦӢߴ󣬻ϢԽýӽ
ȴֻΪ˳мǸŮˣͷһϯغɫȹӸߴ¥Ҳ֪ǲǸպÿϱƳǳò빮һѶãǰͶûһصþˣƫƫͨʣÿͽǡʢˡĺɫѹ
˫Լϵʱ򣬹ϣһ¡ָǶģԼϵЦûôѿĿڹȹϣȻ֪ƷƣҲ֪Ūģɣǿȹǲ򵥡
ȻǴӽ֮ûٷκλᣬɣô̲ס˵һ䣬ԭΪͣɷôŹҲ̫Ӧˡ
Ȼ󲻵ȹ͵ĻᣬŤͷڽڡʦЦЦʦ֣ҽеСԡ
˭֪ûн͵˼Щʦǲڶ˵꣬ͷɿֲ֣û¶û¶ⲻ⡭


159

159
Ǽʦվ, ǰظ⻰ˣǵȻеλʵ, 䶼ԶȹļҪ󣬵ǣ˭ùװ
ֻҪЩʳģġεĵ, Ǿ̲סĵĳ羴͸мٴ, ɣ´Ϊȡ
ÿһٶ, ÿһɹӦõõǵ𾴡
һιʰǰᣬֻ, Ҫ֪ѵģУҪˣҲû, Щм, ޷עģᱻʰɵ, л
ʱ۷Ź, ֻùȻǹֻ, ͹ʰ˵ʲôⲻǸ
Ϊڹǰ, Եһл빮ġѧ顱ߡʵҡǵȻǸˣ
ֻϧ, ˸ովҪǰյ·Ŀ쬵Ƴζʮ㣬˱һӾڨڨˣܱ¶ܱ¶
ǵ⸱̬ùʰ͹˶̲סĿʦ
ҿһۣܾǶԹ̬Щ֣üͷ΢΢壬εɲǸ·΢΢𣬡һһУҲʮոճбҵûʲôѾȲĲ뿼ԣʦǼЦˡûбҵǰѧˣûϣȥѧУ
ѧϰַʽǲѧУѧϰⲢҪֻҪܶףǲѧʲôϵĻû˵꣬ǱߵʦǾѾʮֲĴˡ
ʲô˼ڹǰĨ˵̣ԹƫǿŹԽÿˡ
Ŀﰡ
Ī˭⵷ҵģȻ´һУǣûȷҪĿꡢҪڿε㣬Լļġ
ǵùˣǵ һУǱߵĳʦʮֲѧǰʱ仹ĳƪ˵᲻ȶأôͻȻͱˣ
ϵЦⶼôһ˲ôһ˲֪ԼӦôˡ
ʰüһ۹𣬡ʱ˵Щɨ˵ʲô
ƽʱùͦģ˵Ҳʮзִ磬ϲôһſھ˵ôЩɨ˵Ļ
ϵЦӽˣ΢΢ͷҲǵĽһ·һһУܽ϶á
һǵĳ㶼ҪˡһȴûסֱӵЩΪǵʲô̶ˣһУɲҪǡ
˵ЦһԱߵļʦһ˲ˣ˲θˣ㲻Ҫ˵
һߺһ߻Ҫ͵͵ȥǵϡ飬仰ˡⲻһУ𣿣ⲻҪѹһУ
ʰ𡢹һһ˲ôżλʦزܱвˡµЩҲü˹
ʦϽӲﶼˣߵĿ⣬ȻҲ֪Ǹˡǣ͹һոǻʵ̫ģ̫գ̫ˣ
Ӱ칮ǺһУֱ֮꣡ǶһУǿԣһУҲһ̣ǣǺ͹̲֮꣡ˣ
ɡܵ·Ǳ񣬼ϵıڨڨˡǻӦһ̵ġ
ɨһۣȻǼλʦ΢΢Ĺһļ磬һȷǶһУĽѾãĿʼǹУϣεο֮лǰһУѧ
һֱûסһЦˣһһУʲôЦһڶֲѵ
ոҪڼ̣Ա߼λʦһϲɫæһУң
˭֪ǵĵܵܲεĿˣҪлùһԼѧУǻڹǰˢøж
οһ츳ԭ൱ɫһֿôСֱѹüˣڶֿȻرμ⣬Ҳˡ˲ţûйҲҪİ
ңôһ˵ǸպýǸոյʧʱ˿Ź񶼴ŨŨмû뵽ʵôԸôá
ʰ𡢹һ
ǿǼλʦϵļ˶µġ
Աпֲ¶ģҲ̲סҹһҲ뿼ˣҲ˵֣ôû˵
ôһ˲䣬ʰ϶ЩΣת˶Թһջ𡣹һֶҿɼȻ˵ʱ˵Ǹѿ
˵ɼһУʦȴǶԹһĳɼ䣬ɼ൱ãһǰڶҲǸ߸ȵĳɼôСõôõĳɼһУĽУʷҲûм 
˵ûסĻɨһ۹İ·Щһǰ·ˡ
Χ˶̲סΧ˹һĿʰֿ˹һ
һѿڶ鶼Ҫɵõˣܡ
ʰҲ˵ܣһ츳ȷҲû̶ȣѹߵˣ
ŹһֿһУʦǣ֪ûвܣȻ֪һôģĿǰˡ
һѵһ15ɣǼ̰·֮ڶɣʰôõĳɼ㻹ҴţڲŽ֪
ӲμӿԣˣһôõĳɼĽˡ
ɲǣֺ£㻹ҴţҾ˵ôٰᣬȻӦõģⲻôףһ°˵ʱ򿴿һǣٿʰϵı飬Щζ
Ҷɵӣ͸ո⼸λϵıҲǿģԼ˵⻰ĵ٩ǳǴžֻԼ֪ˡ
Ȼ֪Ǳ⵽ôģǣڹʰĶȫ˷̣ɲԼĶӿôõĳɼȻһ֪ġҪǸպһУʦҪǻϻ˵ֻڶ֪Լôб¡
ԭӦϲģϵɫȴζȫĸӡ
ζȫĸӣǹһ͹־ȫ˲ź;ŭŹһֻ޲ֱȥһ飬ôܣ
һС꣡ڶֿôܿôõĳɼ
ǹһԭҪڽϺúôѹһ¹һùһ֪ĺʱȴһ仰˵ˡ
ΪǼλһУʦǵı飬ɫʵıʾġ


160


޴, ݺύƹĿ, ͹Ŀ֮еûʲô𣬿ɣȴλ
˵Ŀⶼ˹һϣߵĹΪڳ˹עĽ㡣վԭ, ԭЦͲˡ
ڹʰߣ΢΢˵, ְ֣˵ע˹͹һ, ǡҪлᶯ𣿡
ʰһʼձһУʦǰΧˣɫԽ, ϵıҲֵĳɡ
һпǵڶ·ʲô˼ʲôӰ죿
˵ʵЩ, û˹ע, ȴ
ְ֣Ȼθ֣ڹʰʱ, ѹִһ, ֮ǰ, һӼߵʱûʵ, ôͻȻôˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôǹʵҲûʲô̫ı仯
ʰüͷҪ̵Ĳһ, мֵõġ
ùĻҲû⣬ôп֪ϣϢӦòǹǹһˡȻôôĶʱڴﵽˮƽ
ɣҪǹһҪ
͹һ˾Ϳң̷֮ͳµҪ֣ҵĵλᷭ
ɣһǸֵġ
ڶ·ջʵ̫ˡ
ĳ̫ˣ̲סһ£ҧԲ͹һ壡
ӵͣû뵽һܿôߵķֻ֣ǣҪʦǣǸ֪Ϊ֮ǰְ֣Թǰɣ⡭ְҲΪǺð
ĻʰѾȥˣԹޡ־ͶȻһ飬Լ˲࣬ռҸŮ¶Ѳϵһֽ̣һĳΪڶ·ǵһĻ˭
ϱ˱䣬һɾͣҲԲܺͬһģת䲻󣬵ǿž֪ˡ
οһаؼҵˣ뵽һ㣬ԭǵȶʱȥպãǱߵϵ˶ٽͨͨѶ
Ǳߵ˵ʱ쵽ˣһУȺ˰¡
԰Ǳ취ֳ㶯һ͹һͬ߻ǵʰʡ
ǱߵƺǶ˶٣û뵽㾹Ȼôô츳ĶҲ㶪
ʰɫû˵Ǳ˲ɫһڻɹһҲвѰĵطңһβܽ˶ߣ·϶ٴԹһıʱӲö֡
ʰҲ֪ӦѹӦһŸǲԾһϾġ̣Ҳû
׼һ£жˡҾסһ͹ǱҪкһУǼǵʵʲô⣬ʰɳе
Щ˿飬ʵʵҲ൱˵ġ  
߻Ǹո£һըںԺһʱ֮䣬˶ھɫ䡣ֵµ˿Ϊ£һӾҲ˲䣬һУļʦͽΧű
ǵȻ֪ԼӦʲôʱ֪ܲˡڣǱըʱ򣬼ԥǾѡȥ
һߵĹһһ˲˫ֶܽϱ鶼ŤˣһƾʲôܵõЩʦŴ
ȻǲЩʦǵĿǱȻǸΧԲǹмλá
ֱȥʣﲻ繮һʰһڹϣ͵ܵȥ¥ϣ¥ϸȫ
ȻһŤͷǽǲ˼ĵʦոϢ԰ǱЩӣҼЩӶ˶רҵġ
û˵꣬ЩʦҪܾǾԲ߹һ͹ģһ˾յ԰·ӣһ
а·ڣǾͲҪˣ׷׾ôֱӸŹʰȥ԰ˣһŤͷ˹ѾڲסĶ⣬Ҫװʮֽȥ¥ϣ¥ϸȫ
ƳһۣЩ̲ס̾ʰƻôʱ䣬Ȼô⣬Ҫݲȥˡ
漴ĥһ£ؼҵѾ˷汣ø⳹ףʱǿ˵ʵʰҲû취ˡ
ԴͬƳһ۹𣬹̧¥ŲŻһ㲻żڹߣİ·Ҳûа㼱ɫʱûǸһȹβö
ִæֱǸ࣬ɣҲ֪Ϊȹ̫ۣò̫ĿֻΪԸĶܹ˶̲סĿ
ܣ˹һۣѹҧô⣬Ҳٶôһѡ
ܿ˿ƽʱڹΧʵʵİѾԭ뿪ΨһʣµҲһߵĻôһ˲䣬Ҫֱֽôȥ񵭶һαǼ֮ǰܻ 
Լֻ뷨ոһǸߵĻѾɨһۣ̲סˡ
С֪йôˣͬ꣬ȻǸȴڵ۶ߣӵ붼ĶӦûƯû츳ûڷŬֻΪӵôࡣ
ǰۿŹǱĴӵ۶ȥɣҲǼ¶ѣôٻֱˡ
Բùù
Ŀһ۹ţŹµ³
ո¥˻ûзֿͻȻӿˣ˳ɢǡ߻øѲ
һô٣ҲǸС꣬ôΧҪŬʱͱѹƵģ㶯á
أ¹һץŹҲһѹŴߣǸ߻ƴҪǰˣȴΧţû˿ĻͿռ䡣
һʼ˼˼ĺ˽֣ڼǱƣʱ֣Ҳ̲ס
һԱֱӳһ䣬츳ôãҲ֪ûл
ЦڲôӲ˼
·Ƴһۣǹ֪ʲôʽݹһץаգٷְ١
·ǿҪȥĶܵһȷ㹻գڷ˵ȭͷߵˡ
͹һôˡˡ


161

161
, һţոճȥִҴҵͷ, ڡ֡Լ˵ɽļƲߡ
ʰһšĳʣµļͰ·Ѹٳ룬߻һ׷˳ȥżˣ͹һأ
ϵЦһ˲תˮ, һͷ˹ʰְ, ո˳Χǣһ͹ץˡ
ʰһŭ, ô£ôܽôˣ⣿
һ͹ʮأ
˶, ʣǸߵģͼˡһոճȥˡ
һУʦѾ, ġŭ+š, ô£ أ
Ȼ֪˼ƻɻǵİȻġרҡ, Ҳܷ, ֻǸδĺӣһƻ΢΢΢һʧôˣ
ô, ǶԹʰӡֱǵ˹ȵֹȵ, Ҫ۵ĵôµô⣿Ҳ·, Ӧ˵ֻҪǼȻ£ǾͲᰲġŰѰ·ԹˣϾΣյ¡ķ϶ǰ·ͨ˵ġ
뵽Ǿ̲סջ𣬡ʵСҴҵȥϵԼˣ취ô
ʰȴǳ׵׵һߵĹжһص˿ûжԼӵκεġ
һߵĹȻҲҪĵģߵĹһһ£Լת˼̨ףתߡ
·Żףģʽ׺ں棬ûһȷһ¸׼ȷκη⡣
ףɳȸʽ˸飬һСͷɴһ˸ۣϢĵͷ˦һһˣȻǶתתĻص˹ҸԶĵһ¥ô˴Žһ¡
һȷӦþǵĿĵˡʵұȽ϶࣬ȴ࣬Ҳ֪ڲڣҪڵĻһǾٺòˡ
Աߵ˿ı飬ǺһЦģͨɲģϾеѶϢܶࡣ
һ˵ߣס˹վ˹ǰ棬üͷ˸
£ǿ϶ᱻǿ϶Ҫһġǿ˵˿һĶ̲סŶĿڡϾԾ飬ÿһΣͷǶʲôԼҪǰûʲôͬʮܿЩһʼ޼䣬Ȼĳһ˲롣
ԣûз¶һеĹעһ߻ش֪ʲôǿ϶ϡ
ǾҪ㶼֪Щʲôˡ˷ϲ¾ˬһȴһ̨߳Ҳǲ֪һȻڰô࣬ǵ˹һԵϣĿϣǡʳġεЩ㹻ֵһҲ򵥡ֻҪõúãֵЩ͡ 
̧ۿȥڰ·Ǳ߼̵Ƭһϳ̣
̵Ҳ⣬ֻҪϣӦǺɵģȻǰ㹻ļֵԣ𣿡
ûлشָԱߵһ͸ʵңһЩһģЩ죬ʲô
Ϣţ񹮷͹һȫļֵƺҲ룬ԣǳãﾹȻĽһݿݣٶǧǰĶҪǣϴʱ޷õġɻĳ⹤ɡ
һ̲ס򹮷̲ס棬㡣
ȴɿ̣ҪҶṩԣףĳأ
ֻߣ͹һ˵ôЦⲻʡ
ҡͷûг⣬ֻЩ룬ǵĽ׿޷С
óôĶʲôϢ֪Ҫʲô̶û뵽Ȼġ
ֹŵʳĻʳġʵε˶٣°΢ָָ̧Ǹ͸ʵڵĽֻߣգ
ÿ³һʡڳ˵ĺͻһ֣һֱεʱ˿Ź۾ڷźˡһֱǹһûסĿ˹һ졣ȴһ㵣ѿڶ׷ʣ֪ѽգô֪ģ 
ǷʣĶĶģ
⻰һ̶ʱͳĬŹҲûô㵺Ͳˣżζ˵仰׶ǴġһռǱߵ£Ĳ̫ȷ֪ٶˡ
֪֪٣
Ƴһۣ֪ԶҪ࣬ⷽ棬ֻ벻ģûġ
Ҳụ̂ôֱӽǼʵңǱ˾ŭ£һָͼǱˡһԭϵյȵ˲䣬һɭɭĽǸոôһģ÷·Ŵ˵֮еĽ⡣
Ȼ׵ĵòʣǣʱڳ˶̶ȡ
ԭվԱߵļ׼ѿڶġס֡Ҳô˻ȥһǴ㵣ȫ֪ô¡
һ𾪵ĿŹϵľôβˣž㵵ĿŹôģĿûãʲôһĵط
Ǹ̲סĽӶ׷˳
ƳһۣеǱĶϣġ
ֻ֣һм˷ʱ;ȻȻٲǱһֱۣߣǡιۡ족һʵڡ
һȻһ£ɲԹİٷְٷְ֧֣ԣ˾ôֱ׷ȥಽĸߡ
̼Ƭûͣ󲽵׷ȥôģʲôX12ϵеĹԻǿ
ָ һʼǴǸˣ̷ʣһSЩϣǿ𣿺ö㣬𣿡
ôһ˲䣬Ƥ鴤һ£Ҳ֪ΪʲôܾùڷռҵıʼҲûġεڳ
ɣ뵽Ͱ·óġʳġεһƬȣҪˡ
ŹûеʵʼֵȻôͻȻҪһ°··Ѿ˼ĽϢⲻӴΪ˲֪
ǣ·û뵽Ͱŵıڻᱩ¶û뵽ֲԻ°ߣֻҪСʳġ͡εγ޷
ңֻҪйѾںЩʳġˡʲôҪǿսʿؼңó
ɲ֪뷨ѾôˣŲιۡһȦ֮󣬹ǵȤûˣụ̈ôࣿ
ôһ˲飬̬һ̡ԼЩЩңЩ㲻Լ˭Ǹʲôˡ
°һʣ
ѵһλ쵼ޡ̵쵼ιӲ죬ָ


162

162
, Ȼ˶ڻɲòϵ, Ӳ족ʵ
٣ںŵ̬ǳϿҵˣһȫĸԸ
ֻ, Ȼ¡ݡĶ, ǲ̫ܿϣתһȦ֮, ͲôȤջ, ̣Щ
Ĳмڳ˶Ťͷ̣һ, 
ƫƫ, Ƥ̲ס鴤ôһ£Ҫ, ۶оǷġ
ɨһ, Ǵ󷢴ȱûдԷĻ, ֻǵ, 㲻ȡʳġĶԣоôˣ
̵ɫ˶٣ɫ΢˱䡣Ȼû뵽ԼôСѾ¶, ԣ·Ҳ֪ˣֻ߰·Ǳǲǻʲô֪£
ɫǺܺÿüͷɿŹңƺһ㶼⣬ɵ׻뵽Ǳоĺ޽չĶ 
ߴ٣ȥ
 ôϣ˾ȻŪЩöˮƽʲô𣿡
ԭ̻ЩɣոһڵũǱ߶£Щǵģǣ仰϶̲סΪȺоԱ졣
˵ǱߵĶоԱҲѾһٵĲԣȷûʲôΣյģֻ򵥵 й΢ġʯѡ
˾оҲֻһʮĺӶѣǲɻʲô¶˼ˣϵǵ㾯Ҳûˡ
ʯͿԵõôƬģĶʳģһ롣
оԱܣӦ˵ʵϾôʱ䣬оõģҲһѡ
ҲǴӵײģһλã֪öܵ˼Щ죬ôĵλʵ
ȫûбƨԾŲָŵķ̫Լ֣Ͼ鷳ǡǿħʯ̫˷ˣ
һһݵĿ㣬ϼֱǿҪĳݣ֮ǰû㾹Ȼ̺ܰƵת̵ӣֻҪѹܾ
ɣһҲ൱£죬λλãȴǶԷõʱֱӶһʮĺôʿࡣ
ˣֻҪһֻ»ǸСǿ޷Ҳܽݸﵽĳɾ͡
Ȼûʲô飬άʱˣҲǸպǼʱľȲδġ
բǱң˲˸һʵңЦⲻСҪĵطСֶιȻ˭ģѾһʱˣʵҵ˶뾡˰취Ҳ޽չϣСܹߴͽ̣ȻʵֻҪ˷ˡ
һԼƤʵһܵҲֵͦõģϾܼҪҲˡ˼ʵ͵ˡʵ鹤ߡоҪܡߣ빮ָǡ
ȴûаɫ仯ﶼȱҪˣ˻Ǹ̳Ҳûм
ңĥţȵС̴֮ŻӲҪɣţ뵽һ㣬ӻ̣Щ뿴ʲôӵġ
µĲԿһ㣬þ㶨Ȼ·ӦҪȲ˰ɡ沢ûźţҲϵϰ·
ٹһ·žҪ˳ģʱ򣬰·˿϶ٻһЩˡǾȫûбҪˡ
̴ŹȥǸʵң޴ʵߵһ֮ǰͣŲôŹ߽ȥ
ˣ̲ס̿ͦģպýֻǵȲ̡
ŲߵԼǿʯǰûаֱӽǿʯ˵棬ûǰһļ㿴ңҿ㣬˵
˹һ֮ⶼûнʵҡ
ŪŶɫǺܺÿƳһ̣ͦϧ
Цһ㶼䣬Ǳ̵ĲԼƬ֮󣬿˿͹һ֮һ˽ȥʵҵ˶ȥǶȻֻʯɻ֪ô£ңǲӴĺá
̿һ۹ûôļֵ϶ȥ£Ź
ļˣ·ǽ򡱣ؼǣû㹻룬ԭ֧Щȫҡˡȥò˶þ͵ˡ
ʲôС͹СͬѧҲ ϴЦһ˽ȥ粻úײǣнĳɾͣԭΪݣԼݡ
˵Ѿоһ죬ȷûʲô⣬Ȼؼǣⶫû̺ӡ
Ǵÿ¡
ԭأЦЦĿһֿۣȺһۣһɣôҶ𣿡
ʱǾϸѲģЯͲȹβϵصĺɫȹ
һĻ׿ѾˣӦǲġ
̬ȣȻ΢΢ɣ̶ȥˣ˵׻Ƕô˽ȥС˵ЦˣֻǶΪʲôһ򵥵ʯôĶʳģܹתġȣ
ЦеĿһۣȻʯһ£ȻΪʯ壬ָΧСӡۼ档ڵķӣ㹻Ļ£ЧȻǹˡ
ŹĻԽԽǾòԾȻŹĶԽ
ħһ˲ʵңʵҵ죬ž̵ڴƬ֮˻Ŵܣֵµ˸Ǽˡ
һʱ֮ҳһƬûһ˸ҽӽ
̾һŹһ˹ߣʲô
һԱæ䣬Ըܣá
ֱ̼ˣֻ޲һǹŪԶܸܵǡԵáӡ
ɾڸոһʱ֮䣬߸ûһ˸ֱӴǰһˣһߴ󺰣¹Сεε
ոһ˲ʵ̫ھţôŵ˷ִ磬ӡʲôɺµģֻҪйڣҪ١εûУ
ε֣жʳĵũڣַӾͿԻָûпǱ൭𣿣
֮±·򣬸ο˵ĻôѾǰҲôŵҷգѾǱ֮ˡ
ʱ˳ȥķҲ˾޴ľеط˶Խر⹥ְΧǣͷǰ·
һŤͷȻԵģ̻ʲôǲģ
ҧгݵĿŹǹģ
Цһ£ԣҾǹġ


163


ǿʯ, ΢΢
ɫ࣬Ҳû, ·ǳԸɷģûйڣطľӲȥ¹, һõ㣡
ֻҪ£Ͷ, ·ȻҲͺöԸҲܼʱ롣
ԽԽջ, Խǲߣ¾Ҳûа취ġ, ĶŹƲԳԷơ
ᣬ̫ᡣΪԼӮˡ
ЩС, Сֶ, £ȴûκõġͲŹŹһǸСӻʮܵˡ
֮ǰǵҲΪ˶ЩɵѾġӡ, , ҶѾӦ, ӡв, ෴ҪġҩʮӢеľӢ, йˡ
ܲǹɾԶûˣϾƲԳԷƣȻûкˡ
ɺȻ·ǳԸɷģҲǣԹôԭأȴǺͶԷһ㱡Ĥһ㣬˸Ӵ
̴һ˲
ʮΧţó һȥȻֱӷˣ˶Ӧ޷ܣһҽֱˡ
ϵĴ㵸һ˲䣬ŹĹ͸ˣֱĵݣȻ֪ôģһ㶼뵽ⶫôļֵ
ǹùһˣѵףûô𣿡 
ŪԼͷǿ顰Ⱦʯ˶Լʵһţơ 
Ļ֮УʮΧŹȫ޷Ʒ̵ֱǱ޴žžȴһһһƬ
취ò¹ûСεܵȾһŭ
ʮϱֱ䣬ɣ⻰Ȼ˵Щ˶ȴըһôǿȵġӡȾܻ𣿲ܡ
֡ε͡ʳġĶõ
Ѿ֪ʲôطĶ֪·ѾԶˣ۵׺˺ݣŹȥʲô취ŬΪǶ
һΧԱߣøûķʽǣȴûκãٿ̣ȻԣǱȾͼۡεĲ𣿡
̵һ˲ˣ˳㻹æһ䣬ʮʼù˵Ϊʱ˭ס̣εһöҿ԰·Ǳ۵֤ˡ
۵֤ˡʻǹѧģǾʶͦġ
ĸо˶Ķˡ
Ȼﶯɵûⲻ˶Ķˡ
·һ
Ѿ˷лǿǳ׵׵˹ġֻҪתͶǴ
ؼǣ·Ѿ˵ʵˣʱͿԳˣƲķٶǺġ
ɫֱڳɫǲΣ
˸ҳ
ĵʵҵȻֻһڣɿ뿪˻ᱻ߷֮ǰĿһ۹ǳ׼סˡ
һҲˣקŹҪ׷ȥһԹϱͷȥ֮ǰǸʵңǱ˳ɲһͨٶ۷ˣȻҲܼǧʱ䱣ôá
ǹҲûȼһʱòϣ·ծҲͦð
㣡ˣˣ㲻˰
еĽʣʲôŵһط͵ôһѽץˣʣµĵطô
Ѿ̽Ӵˣ̾ǸҰļң󻹸ҰļҡΣڣͷϵԴĶˡԵĲȣʵϵսĻ̫ܿϡ
˵̱ӡȾ˵ʱصԼš
⻰˵áеùһԶԡ
·߽䣬ûסǳ˳飬ԭǵ͵ʧøɸɾ֪ΪʲôȻǻЩͬˡ
Ҳ֪̿ľӪôʱ䣬޵Ķôϵʲô뷨
뿪ԻװãȻǵѾˣҲǰٷְٰȫ뿪á
Ӧûǽнݸ·öծ
·ӹȥܵǹɺ⣬۾һӾˣлл
˽ʰ֮ϵȵ֤Ѽ
ϣ·١ӱȹż·ͷѾ׼ˣȳȥɡ
ͷͷ˿ʵҵ·𣬡ųΣ֮󣬽ߣʱٿûʲôҪġ
ˡ
ЩֶоҩģӦвٺ͵ġ硱йصĶǻЩ棬᲻ʲôꡰ硱ʧ¶
̵ȷֶΣתʧӰ٣Ҳ֪ڵ۶ϵжٸߡʵòʲô¶ûйİȫҪȻҪ㣬Ҳֻͬˡңؼǣʵʵ֤Ѿ֣Ҳ˵󣬹ȫˡ
һ͹ˣĳ֣ôλүӾͿԴҡڵˣ
ֻҪһ㵽¶¶Բˡ
߻ûеһߵӱѾ˴ҴҸ˹ңһزѣŻΪεġܡжôأӰ಻ãһɫ
ʵϣ˭֪һﶼǵǣԲöԷȣڹˢ˺øжȡ
ʰȿӱлͰŵʱ඼ͣôһ˲֪лͰĹϵЩлͰڹƨɺ溰㣬û뵽ӱȻôע£Ȼڹһʧٺš
һ·Ѿ㹻鷳һӱ¿治Ƕɡ
ʰǰл˽ģǺ͹һҲ֪ô˭Ȼϱ˰ߡͶĴܡ
ɨһ̵ֵۣµѾȫټһֻҪЩ˲ڣ˭ָϣ˵ԼԼĺӣ
ӱƳһۣûͨѶˣӱͷ˶٣ôұ˶࣬ҪȰ·ɾ͵ߣСԽԽ֪ߵغˣ̫ˡ
ʰɫһ·Ȼû
һתûпڣЦ˽ˣҪ¿ȥְѾ˲ˡܵ¡
лͰЦǰˣ׷ɱ𣿡
˵Ҫ֤ݵģлͰΪûа취һһ˳ۣȻлͰһˬ
лͰЦˣҲ֪һ˵ôôҪġѲɲҪŴ㻹ûиȺһ 
ʰ뿪ڣͿżҵˣʢңؼңҡؼǣÿĶǼġ
ʰԽԽòԾ亹ˢˢ£˶Ҳ䵽˸ϺһЦĴкȴûһô̬Ⱥ˵
ǹɲԽˡ
ЩǳŹģôܶô̬ȣԣӦ˵ʲôʸֵôλͬʱݰ٣
󡭡ȻŸٶѾˣٸյͼˣǻҪҪˣ һô죡
ʰݺʿˮ˶ˡ


164


ʰǰĸ, ǿ̫̬ȴɡᡱ, ȻʵǹϤɣȴһֶҺ
ݺ̿ˮЦŸҪڡ
ӱȴѾ, Ҫʲôܳȥ˱ץ˴룬ǵط·һռøɸɾ, 㻹ҪҪ
۶ɲĵ̣ӵ˽, ȴҲܽӶ뵽۶ϵפǴͻ
Ȼ, ԹʰܳȥǼˣĲǻҲ㲻ϡ
, ɱ㲻ϵ, ǰԸǼʾ޵ľˣӹʰ¡뿪ľ, һȫڸˡ
ϰ㲻ò˼, ЦЦ, ۶ΰұ븺𰡡
Ահүֱӷ, ʲô۶ڲΰˣΰҪʲôģ
õĺܣ㲻ǵЦе, һˣһˣ⡣
ʣ뷭ֵϣ˭ٱȣǲԼȥй
ʰԱǱ˸׵ף˿ܻЩ˽ÿҪֱˣÿһӦòֱ˵Լйϵ
Щܳȥץס˭̰Žˡң·Ǳ߸ʲôѵѾ׷
䣬Լĳ߻ǴˣǴش֡
𽫾֪Ů
ٵǷָôһ񣬿һ֮󣬲ʣ𣿡
˵°ͣɨһ۹ֱﶨ˸۹ӡ
ѾϲȦӣƽʱҲǹĶȦӣ˵ЩУЩЩϡ
ȻʣɹȴⲻǷգǻᣡ
ʵԣһԲƽļĵλ
ϴŨŨĵģʮֵǣǺ£Сʣүүҽһû°ɣûбǣƤ£Ǳ˴ˡ
ϲ޳ˣһով紵ĿС׻ 
ЩҼҰ߷˱ץס𣿡
ģлͰ˸£ֻԼϵĺëˣ˭үүˣУú˵˵ú񷲷һ
ġ֮ԩֱίÿ޳ˣֻһ·
ġƳһ ̫ȷʵүүҺ
ϵЦһû뵽پȻ˵ĻΪոȷ涼ʮֵ壬
ɣ˭֪پȻôһ̬ˣļлͰʲô
лͰЦúܣǸꡣ
ԴЦʮԣѧϰɼнѹֶһѧˡ 
ʲôЦʲôʱ
ӽ쿪ʼӱ·ٵ˶Ҫվ˶øõڿʼֻһƣһһȷȨˣǾǣ
͹ãǾ͵¡
﹮ǣȻǲǱߣɹ˵Ļǿһû£֪ûƼ̿Ƴʲô
±ȵʱ˭ɵƵȥ͹ӭҡҷС׻
˵һϳɾģǵС˼ǸɴҲͱˡ
лͰʲôǿҪµڶӵģͦأǷ̵úõģ
ӱȻϸ٣򹷡ӽ̵ò
ôڣº͹Ĺϵദã
ϵɫͲҰˣˢˢ£Ҳ˼ûУֻǹһ½㡭
ݣҺǲ졣лͰ°ͼ̧ţֺȻΪйǿܣôţҲΪġ˼򡱴ﵽ㹻ĸ߶ȡǱü֡
⻰Ƿ˵ģʲôݣ
һɴԲһ˫ۣ˶ˡΪ˶һοĿлͰлͰ˵ʲôzhengȷĻ
ʰ׹ߣɫɵףӲŵӱŸ٣ÿһˣûٶ˷һ
ԡ

ԣûûл߻Ҳûʵʵ֤֤ʲôҲܺߣץ߹һ͹˲̡
С˵ôҲ֣
Զ·ʲôڽӽȻҪǣˣڵ̬ȡ֤˻ˣǸˣǹµĿҲǹ
뷨Լˣ˵ôܣɳһ֮⣬
Ϊ˱˱£Щôڹſڣ̬أ
ʰźˮһ㣬侲ɤ۶ǱסˣɫԽԽףԽԽѿ 
ɣûʲô¿Χ־תƣ֮ǰҲǣڵҲǡ
ô룬ѷɴױǻ˹ſڵĿյϡ
ộʰٲĵô£ôˣ·ǲû ûҵİ̻ڼ䣬֪жͬôô򵥳У
򵥣㶵ĿǰܶɴԼûһ̨AµĻףĪĶȻ˵ֵ̫򵥣䲻˳С
ؼǣô̧ۿѷɴĴţŹڰ·ǰ棬ɴѹǺɫ˵֮еĲ״ͷûһ˿
Ҫǻ֪Լ߻жڣҪһܡ
ܣôܡ
͹һ̵°ߣôĻƣƳ
ȻԽˣ˿ʵܲ𣿡
ǣܺ棿
һԱЦһôûɡ
Դ˵ʲôģҪŷ ɵĽŲ
ԶԶԶԡ
˼ߡ
ȻǣˣҲŹġ
ʰݶЩ ˵ʲôͺá
ǻˣǲܴڼˡüһ
ʰ޲ֱӸһ⣬ɫĿڣ㣬ʲô˼ְô㣬㾹Ȼ
ļҡ
ֻû˵꣬ͱһɨȥͣˡ
ûũϵ𣿡ԭԭ¹˺ԭԼ벻йأɼû벻ҲѡŹǡʰĶùһͷĳһ죬ɹһ»ѡΪǿ
˵һ˶ãڣҪùǵϣԥĽֱӹ׳ȥˣҲȷʵֵԭ¡
ǵûлǹǼʺϣ
ֻЩСֶΡ
Ǻ̾ȻûнŪ
ʰһ𾪣ŭֱΧλź¼ˣɫһֱ䣬һŭݵ 㸸ף
㲻䡣ƮƮֺ͹һԴԹ޵ԼлͰߵȫغһ


165

165
ʰԭ, ǽϵģյƢҪԸ, ʱ˵ӦþѾһƴȥˡ
ǣʱҡ
·ڵ˶ôĿû, ʶֻǰϰ벽, ¶һʱ䱻
ǹ𻹹ĿŹôԴ׵ģ
˹һ, Եȷͦ Ҳֻһͨѧ, ͸ˡ
ûٹע˵ӱ˽, ֱ׼߰ɡ
ʲôʰԿӱŹº͵ЦЦ̧̧֮, ӱ˾Ͷֱӳˡ
͵ƣ֣
Ŀ, ں, ĸ, ԼͬũϵǶ, Ĭ񹴽Ǽʺǰǣ̰ǵʱ𣿡
һ׮һ, ֱ䣬ɺͲȷûУһʱ֮乮ʰˡҲˣҲĵĲȷˡ 
ǣʱ򣬹ʰȻܳϣӲܾô־ܣں˵ʲô㸸ףôЩ¶ô˰㣡
ǻЦƶû֤ݣ
ἰ֤ݡ£ʰһʱ֮嶼ֱͦݣǵģû֤ݣ϶֤ݡЩѾȥôʱ䣬ңĬϡʹʾȵȵ£ʲô֤ݣԿ϶Լ޹ġ
Цһ㱳аؼңҪңҲ֤ݰɣؼҾΪΪ𣿡
·ЦЦȴǱģؼҵȻΪΪӦ˵û˿ӷɣԲΪΪҲ㡣
ʰʲô֤ݣռҵʮ͵͵СӶһֱû֪ôʼշǳǳŰ֤ݡ
ҲôôΪ
һͬĿһۣǲ֪еͨѶʽмѭģԵȡġңѾˣ£ǱжٹID
ʰɫ΢΢һ䣬һ
㲻ҵĸףҲҵĸס һѻ˵ֱ꣬Ӵϣ΢΢𣬡żţ£ʲôͳʲôͿˡ
ǶԼףݣ
ǣأ
Ŀǰʧ֮󣬸׾ʹĸӣһ˲䣬о춼ˣһеļ䣬ӡ󣬸йȫ̮ˡ
ڡũϵµʱԹʰɽѾˡ
µ֪ռҵҲǹʰֵģʱȻǲģԼãȻˡ
ʰŭǰĹǺ͹һ޲ûصȥǸոʱֱǡȻռǸŮĺӶһģ
ľӪңϧռҡ踺ءأȻԼˡֱˡ
˿ޱĸһĻ֮󣬴ʮ㡰߿Ŀ⿴ʮͬĺ͹һ ԡ˵Ķԡ
ʰŸÿһˣǶԹ̬ȣ˶㶵ģ֪⡣
Ҳ⣬Ҳ侲⼸λ˭
ʲô
ǰ⼸λһλǰʲôһ
ʲôƽǴӳʼ֪ԭûСƽ֣
Ÿ֣һ˱ѹŴÿһǴϳȥģ顢ȵȡ
̵˶һȫˡ
䣬ɫɷףԽԽţͻȻı̬ȣǰְְôܻẦ㣬Ҹ֪Щ¡
һְôϲ㣬ô㣬ô¡
ⶼı ̱ҵģǿҵģǱƵģûа취Ҳ֪ǾȻ˼ʹ㣬ũϵ¶ǽ£ε¶ģûһϵ
һۣżĿԱߵĹһ͹𣬹ʰ˶ʮˣв֪˶˼أ
ʰһ䣬Ȩڣ˵ÿһ仰Ϊֱ֤ӴеĻȻֱĴˡ
ʰɴۣҪȥקҪٸ·˵˵ûҪĿڡ 
漴һ䵭͵ͷϵı鼸һģһӣ֪ܣֱƿڴǸһˣ Ҿ֪Ầҡ
㡭
ڶ仰ûпڣͱֱӶס죬ȻЩѡ˹ʰȨڵ¡Ȼ˵ĻԭͲǻ
ˣһ͹ԭŵġ
ô˵ȣɣҲѾһ仰˵ˣһĿŹ붼ΧţűǳݣŸ׳һӣ˺Ĵߣɫɷ׵ûһɫ
൱ǾԵǰˡ
ԭΪʱӦȥ˴򣬿ɴʱȴԼ֫ģûһ̧֣˵¡
ֵĿŹҪ¹һͶǶ֣˹ʰոǿ鵽Ļ
һȴһ֮ǰġʰȫһһ泹״ˡںˡ֪Ϊʲôôľٶ˵ô˵Ļ
ԼãĸױǲܣҲǸײ뽫
֪һǻԹʩӸ˭ֻܿ˹㣬㣬㣡
㣬׾Ͳ£㺦ãӶǱסһڴʱֱһ˹ȥ˹Ҫ֣ˣƽʱйһӴοµʱ
·һӱǼүӶĳҪ󱻰·֣һ߷˳ȥ
ӱˣһ𾪵ĿŰ·ȻȰ·΢һ㣬ǲϣǾ鰡
ӦȰ·Ҫǿĵطң֮ǰ·ӦǸһ㡣¸ոһ¼ƣͷְ·ͲܹȽϵˡ
ػɰ·Ҫҹߺˣ
·ɲô룬ֱĿһ۹һˣ߰ɡ
ĿڣӦ˵Ҫôģֻϧʼûкõɣ֮ǰЩɾǽʰߣҲǹؼ죬һ¡¿ɲһˡ
һҪȴ˽סˡ
˳߹ȥʱ򣬷ɿЩûйϵ㣬ʲôûĲ֪ʲô֪
ҪˢˢŹ϶Ҫˡ 
ûпŤͷֱӿһȺȻꡱ˼ǣЦԣϾⶼδġͻ󡰺̡̬Ͽ϶Ǻõġ
˵ֱÿһεĴͶ⼸λġ
뵽һ㣬ٿ⼸λʱǿþͲͨˣǾǡ ְǡˣЦⲻǲ˼ˣû뵽˴ҵʱ䣬ʵ߶ˡ
˵Ļ Ƿ㣬Ƕ֪Ȼ棬Ӧʶ˲㺦㣬㲻ǲλļǾѾܸжˡ
һڣ̬˼͵ĵطǡҪӣֻº޲ֱһµİְˡ
ԱߵʢүӵˣȴǲʾǰǾǣǼܲһ֣ 
ɲǣ˵ˡ
ְǡ̬ôãҲĺ͡ͻǡãһʱ֮˫֮ĽȻʮֺгˡ


166

166
µлͰͼҵСˡ
ʹ۾, ⲻǵүүְ֡ԲǣϾǸ, үүôôºͺÿ΢Ц
ôС ô
ɫԼҳʲô
˽˼̵̸֮, ׷ױʾ˶ԹġǸ⡱ҪͼҵҪǸ
ȻڽѺõ̸֮, ᶨĴӦȻо, ǣֱ¿϶ҲҪ, Ҳ˵ľʳ
һвѵĵҪԲʲôģǶǵʲõǸ, Ϊһ, ˲ˡ
˼һȺСǰ࣬, ֻûֱӼ, ٿ˭, ˭δ , ӱҲŲ˽ȥܵУֻôһ仰ѡ
Ψа·ɼᶨƵվڹ, Ŀֻżڹϣ˳û¶ɨһͷˣ˳㳰Цһ¡
лͰԭҲųЦģǿһ֮ Լﲻ̫԰ʽˣǼλûһ㲻㣬ɶʱҪԲȣ˿⼸үӵĺƤԲ
ʵҲûɶϾҲǺƤ䷹Ǹ ǣ⼸λ䷹л
ôæÿܳʱ䶼޵ģ⼸λû¹䣬ûһʤϣ
һӾˣ뵽뵽һʮֹؼǣŤͷȥʣһУǲסƣ
һǰǼˣҲȻʲôһӾͺֻסƣĵһУǷչ ܶʱȫ»ƶȣҲ˵ǲܳķˣԶϲˣɣ
һӾ ӻҪôȥ
ɲô࣬Ҳܲô࣬ϲ̵߸λͻȻʼҵˣֻҪĶа·ߣûľߡ
ʱҪ̫֣ңã͵Ļͦõģǻа·𡣹ҵĲ̫ʹá
зյģһСĻը¯Ȼʦ¯ͨģը¯ûҲͦ˷Ѳϵġ
Ȼһ͹ĶҲûʰȥӣҿ˳˲٣죬ֱҲ¸ˡΪֱʧ˲õģĿ
ʲôûзǣ۶ȦӺ罻Ҫըˡ
罻ϻûд̫ϢֻһӴɱ߻ܼԱѱͨ
һ罻ӵɵû̡ĸ̣
ԲۣȻԽ̣¾Խ󡣡
Ǹ𣿡
ǣؼǣĸԱﵽ߻ܣ̻ҪȥɱܶԷΪֱӱͨˣֻҪ΢һĶ֪ھӪɲǴԼһˣźüţƷϲĳЩҲĹͬ壬šǸԱ𣿡
λˡûб˰ɣ
֪ΪʲôҾȻеҪʵ֪ͬ˶ʱ䡢ǮƣҩЩʳģɽһ񼶵֡˵̣ҪҲ
Բۣԣ֪λ˭𣿡

ѾһͿ۶ߵȶȻͲͣͻȻ£⣬ԭһ޷ӵ⡣ΪĳЩģ̲Լһ塣
ĵ£۶Ӱɲһ㡣
£۶˹עľ⣬̵Ƕ˭ֵġĿǰġܺˡǳ˹ע⡣
Ƕܲµ˶Ǵ˵֮еλοǵ۶ԭ;еģ
Ƕ¶ıǶ ϾĲңǣҲԴУ϶ҲҪжġ
עصǣǸˡѵľǹǸԡһûг꣬ж޷ҵʰֱӸϵũϵСŮ
һϣÿһֶ޷ӡûгС
ҪǷ ʲôһδġóǧ޷ͻƵļЩνšĳˡˣʲô
ǣ£ô˴Ķһʲôʱκεطɣǰ׼
һڻͬʱ֣޴Ķοһ
ɣڻĵһʵôܣ
һʱ֮䣬۶ĶȫΪֳһţĵλãֻһ
ʱ򣬹ϣϢѾ˵ϣÿһ˵ɫصþˣһʱ֮䣬۶ȦÿҵļСص㽻֣һ
ôԴ𾴣 ţţţô԰·˫ĶԴλûãֻиã
ûƼӱѶʲô𣿶ˣ۶˭tmĽ򹷡֪ܺڣôͱʰũϵʱǾûеӱͰ·ôõڶԷ͹ȡʱ򣬲һ㡰顱
ôһ룬˾ͲԾ¶֮ͬɫʰ˾ϹôõĶŮȻũϵֵطһСԹ֡
ԭԳΪ˾ĴڣأⱲӶ˰ɣ
ͬĹʰɲ֪ǵô˸ǣÿΪռҵļֺȻץ
һֶģƢŮǹʶ٣Ͱ·ãеӱ㣬޹ġ
һǶҪΪŷħԶˡ
һѾ̴ͬʱȴǶأѵˡѾܻˣֱߵĶңߵԴѾؿˣһСľֱײǹˡ
ԱߵҽòڣҪӡȾʵ̫أЩʳҲֻǿơ
εأʹӣոһ£ÿһ⣬ÿһϸ·ڽŭ۵ɫɷף亹˲ֱӹ˵ϣûһ˿Ѫɫ
ԱߵҽûаԥҴǰһɫҩ̵һ̲֮ǿ
ҽ۵ĿԼƿӣǡ衯Ҳˡ
ǵģʼû򵽡ε·ʮģԹƶ÷ǳܣеͼ۵ҩǱ̷ֱֳЧ֮۲켸˽Ӵ˵ġ
߼۵ȻûôƣǮĿɲһֶ˭٣ƴٵʱ򣬿ɲ㵽˭ 
ΨһʣµľЩʱĳЩ˶ڵá衱


167

167
ⷽȷҲǶ֢, Ч׻޵ģ, ̵ʵ̫ˡ
£鷳ǣֱͣ˸߼ۡεۡ
һǾǹҽֱǶеĵҩְֺޣһʱ֮Ҳ֪ķռͷ
, ŶӣҲֻʱȱݵġҩ, Ǹֱġ衱ֻΪˡݡֲҵڵĶ, ȻѾȫ
ҡԷֻһǲС
ԭո΢ÿһ㣬ǿѹ»ʱһƬڡԱߵæĽոڵطƬʰ, Ѹ롰սġֲ˼ҵķƢַҪ, ġ, ҽҲҪռһԭġ
̲ô˼ôྫ, ײݸ, һλ, ˰·Ⱳ붼Ŭ
վñ, ܳɹνƽġ󿼡ҲǸӣжѡ򡱡Ŵ츳
, Ѿɹˣȴ˹ʮ꣬δСôģѾλãôľôˣôô󡰳衱ˣ
ҪţҪúõĻţҪˣ·Ŀţ
һݾ
õ ڣҪǣҵ㹻εһɲһôùˡ
ô˶ǡԵ밡ȫȥ룬ҾͲûһܡбꡯܣνΪͨ˺ãǸƭ˵Ļ𣿡

ɺȻ̵㹻ʵͷ㹻˵ʱҲڰ·ֵСѹˮˣôܡ
ʱţ̵ġԽأ衱Ѿˣġ޷ƣսġӡÿ춼ӶӰ졣
ؼǣӵһشһһΪֵµ˶ҪƲסˡ
Ϣ޷
ÿ콹ͷö޴֣һԼ̲ͣƷһԽԽ˵ֵ꣬˶޷ƣҪǣʶͷϸѹԽ
ԽʵǿԽվڸߴ Խǲľôô뿪ԣʵȻˡ
ڸòεֻ취һ취ũŵũѾƸѡΪսԭ򡮻Ե˽ũڹΪǺũźҺܶ࣬ũŵĹﲻؼҺ͸ǸˮƽֵĵطȽ϶ࡣ
һ棬Ҫȷһ㡮ҩɣǰڵ׻ǲǻʱᡭ
⻰Լôһ˲÷̣ոƳһҩʱɵˣЩ֪νȻܻӾ硰ɵҪʹҪóǾĺöʲôĿɵġ
֪ⱨӦþô죬ȫͷˡ
ҧгݣɿڡ
ҽڵֹۣڰ·ֱ䣬еҩȻǣεòٲҩˡ
Ҳҩģֱ˵иСĵģЧҲǸԡ
̿ԼͷϵĶ̵ģɽڣûգһںˡҩ𽥷ȣôһɣͷۣȴԽԽˡ
ǣʹһΡҩ̻ûȫתҲ˵ʹһΡҩҲܻҪõڶΣΣࡣ
̵ˣǰҽоԱа޴й
ȥũϵƬֱ̲ͣӸũϵ
۶ߺũŵĺڰ·Ҫӣû̫գ£ֻҪһα¶ȥ·֣Ǻ¶Ͳòˡ
ԣõİ취Ȼֱȥũϵ
̵ķɴǽȻٶģһܲʱ䣬·ѾӵϢ˵ѾũϵѾũ˽ӵϢѾеһũ
ΪѾ㹻ȫ棬Ӧòᱻ֣ʵȴһ㣬ǰʱũϵһʯңũļѾھȥġ
ԣʣǱ߲ոսӴˣֱӱˡ
̲סңʵҲǸۡˡ
·ЦⲻʧˣȻǡܡˡ
̲סЦð·˵൱еֻʮֿϧһ㣬ѵ㶼ûأôͶ㵽ǵĵطȥˡⲻӰ¶𡣡
°ͣҪŵ㡮衯ֱǺܶطͷˡϧ
·ǳ鴤һ£ҲЩͬˣ̬ȣȻǲ̡ϴٸɾǸݵˡ̶벻ԼȻ˹׵򡭡
·תһ⣬´Ѿɣ⣬УҲ׼ˣʲôʱʱ䣿ͳһһ棬ǡ
ÿѧУĿһΣַңǰ׼롣ҲҪʱ;ģûǸʱ佫һ˲顣
·ͷͬʱѧУģɼֻͳһΣʹá
˵ʱҲûԼͷϵĹϷgetһСȤȻЩطĺǳԣĳЩ趨⣬ҲĨȤ
ͷϵĶ Ȼ۾Ű·иʵ뷨ּ򵥣ʡ¶ƹ󡣡
·̲סĸŹĹԣЩڡΡ޷԰Σе㲻̫ġ
ȻһùԺ󷨣ԣһԣ
һһԾͿԷֵÿһϣͨѧ
ңĲԷ˷ʱ;
ؼǣѾ˱ţȵȷȻʵ֮ûа취磬ǿ취ùԵϷһȻǵʱĵڱǵһţ ⲻҲ
·
ֲԷһտɳɵģԻҪܶʵ뷨ܲΪӵľ˵ľ˵ʵ൱е뷨ˡ
·ҡͷ˰뷨š
ǣʱӦ޷Ըģһü΢΢ûа취˴ɾ
ίѹȻֻʵʵӦˡ


168

168
֮, һУ˵һѧԱĲԣһһ, һУҲ˵õһ
˶棬ɻϡģ, Ǹ˽вԵˡ
Ǹ˶㹻棬ΪѾȷеϢų, εĲλ˵εԼ¹ˡ
ƫƫУ, ȴûһȷеϢųȥǺץӷ, ȴʼûһϢųֱ˺ûм
ˣʵûǸ˼ȥֱ, ȥЩǵĺġһ˼ǧ, Ҫǰ׼󷨣ԵĽɸѡ, ֻ½
ȻҪԼ, ʱȻ, Ϊʲô, ǶҴţڵ۶, аٷְٵܹùġ
ң·Ҳȷĵʵ˵Ĳ򵥣٣ˮƽ϶ûԹʲôġ
ԣȻĹڹĴžͱһУ£ңѧУУϲ̵ķϢСѾΪһУУڣڹ̶ʱΪһУѧڿΡ
̶һ仰ǽҪˣѧУУУ۶ϵľУ
ǲ֪ȡ˶೤ʱ䣬˶˼ȻһУҪľһ㲻ֵǮĵأǰֺ˹
Ƕʱʹ³ˡ
һǻֱӷ׷׶£ûа㾫ᰡ
Ѿ֪ˣע϶һУռ˱˵档ǣʣµģͨ˵ǵĹעȫһˣ
С㣡Ǹ
ˣԣǹ𣿡
ԲۣȻС㣡һӣҪ֪ȫϢ
һЩţŲţǸҲš

۶߹ڹڼǰѾܣȻҲԵĴȥһϢǣ۶ϵȥϢͳΪȫͬһΣӵ۶ϵȥϢ¹Ǵ˭ﴫȥģͻᱻ֮Աǵ²һ顣
˵еĶһоģУǿˡϾôŶҲоڸı磬ƺҲǲС
˵λоԱλŮԡҲ嶼ô꣬ŮûŮоԱԲ
ǣȺ˵λһλո18ģΪ󿼶ûвѧ͹ˡ
һУѾֱ׿ڳϣһУλƸΪУƸڣĴܣôǸʮĺӣ
ǲţƫģǲţؼڡ
ǡʳġǡεһ18ڿоģλСǴֱӿʼѧҲܡ
ԣǸЦžǸ̵¶
ɣһУλСյʱв˶һ¡
ѹ˵Ӧð٣Ÿ޷ֱ棬Ȼе
һչأҲʹ˵֮еһľλ
ֵü˾֪ɴҲв֪ʰ¶ϢҲǣ˵δλ漣Ͳһ˰ɣ
ɾʱ˸ʵ֤ݳһֱǸСѾԤ֪ǣ
ӣֲٵʳǷӳ˹һһ±ƣʱΪʳǰԺܶ˶ûע⵽⣬ң¶˵ĺܲף˻ҲֻǸС粻С˵˶ѡ
һֱ죬ЩϢʱǲһһ£һһɵۣţ
ʱ㲻žͿԲŵģ磬ڼһУĿѧϡ
йһлͰʡɵ뵽ΪѧķˡһУʦˣǼ֤ʷˣ
쿪ʼݣҲֳһĻˣ̫ˣ
̨£Ѿ˵ǿĳĳ̳İԣȺŵУУƸϳ֮һλͬ䣬۵Ų̊ҲɵһƬ˽һȫϤѧһ̶̲סĿͬѧȻһ
ȫֱֱͬ棬ΧȺҲͬʱɵֱۣһʱ֮侹һĻûˡ
ΨйлͰ°ø߸ߵģһ޲ֱӾֱʾһԼĽ㣡


169

169
ʱ, ٹڷֱҲ֪⻹, ʰ͹ǵļڶƵֱ
ڵǸũһҲۼ˵һֱ
վһ̣ǷŭȻŭޡһ, ˶ˡ
ȴֱӿ»ŵòУסҡͷ, ܣ, ôܣ
ôܣһУУ˵Ǿ仰֮󣬿Źô, Ϳʼסҡͷƭӣ, ӣ, ܣ
һŭĴôһתΪˡεˣƾʲôʲô
ֻǾͨ˵һƭ֣Ǹƭ֣ Բܡ
Ź, ̲סЦ, ̫, Ϊһ, һƭ־ȻôƵ£
ԱߵŤͷٿֱĹ, ̲סٺЦЦСʲôǼӦͣǾֻԼ֪ˡ
øָɺͷʽԼŹֻŪһӣһƭֻ֡һӣֻǸҳĿĻӣϸԼֻƳڻңǣڵĴϵġǹ⡱ķߺޡ
˵ԹʱǷߺ޸࣬ǹʰǺڣ޵ĺڡ
ǰͶӰռŮµŮôһȥһУУڴ֮ǰ˵Ļ ߵľһקס˭ո˵˭
ǾһеǹȴڸոնȻָȥ֮˻ܱרſأŹʰˣȻǰ·ţҶԹʰ˽ġ
°΢΢̧ţͶӰ֮еĹǾݡҲǵһʹáεˣıòֹһ˵һͥδײʿδ 
˵ݵ˭ǳ˰·ǹǵλָ£ֻǲͬ͡
ԣǶԹʰֱǱġ㣬ôʦϵĸף
ЦһֿȵˣܻӭĴʦǡʳġεߡһУʷУڡżС㡣
ܣһ˲䣬ʰֱ˻һ˫۾ɴ˼£ӶҪһ㣬ܣ
ǾЦһǶȫƽֱ̨ΪǿЦ𣿡
ʰקžںܣռǸŮʣµŮֻǸôĶһУϣôܳΪһУУǸˡεˣ 
ȻҪѹ̣ȴҲûǸ˵Ŀܣ˶ˡĵӿþ޴ֻźͺ˶ˡ 
̵ʲôҩʲô
ԭյеġεũŵĵλõ㶼Ӧǹҵİ
һ˲䣬һӦԹͲᱳѹ裬ҲͲһһֱһ
һ·ȫģûӣ츳õĶӣУŮӵĲƸ
һʱ֮ǻ֮еǹԹ޺Ͱû޴й˶ҪһҪŭڣҲڣյǸŮҲڡ

оЩѣȻֻܲͣૣܡ
˵ְ
˺ҡ
ǾͷĿһۣһקԼ·ȻЦһ
ʰͻȻ뵽ʲôһקס·һ˫ˣǹף֣һУУ֣ ҳȥҪȥ֪˭𣡡
Цֱվ֣ 
ǾһקԼ·ǡ񡱵ģЦһͼܡɱ߻оԱͼȡ߻ܣ֪ʲô𣿡
ʰ˶ԭأǰˣһ̲ŷӦԷָ˭˵
Ȼθߣ֣׵ûУ Ҹģ
ʹҡͷƾʲôܲʲôûǹİ֣ʲôΪ˹ܽΪ𣿣
ͷĶϣѵûʲô
ǾЦˣЦģ㲻ģؽ˵ˣڹСϣ϶ģǣҪԶȥˡ
ôʰԼܻܲȥǾͲܹܵˡ
ˣôȱɳʶÿʱѧϰɡȻСٹʱ̣˶ӦÿģҲ⡣
ʰֱȥǹ֣ңôôң
ǾԭͲͷֱӷֱֽ˵ϣЦһȻԸǾſڵɡ
ʰڴ󺰴УȴûԸˡ·ȷǲɱе죬кܶԼҲһЩ޴ġҡ롰ТȻʰϧùκһİѱڱ
лҪ˵СΪҪ
кü⣡ 
emmܸܵһ
Ž衢δһ
󽫾
̽ʲôһ
ڴ͵һɡ
Ҷ뿴ʲôķ⣬ҿд~

170

170
ɲ֪ô, ̨һˣҲ൱, ⶼδĵӣֻҪֹ칻ݣǾԼˡĿԺĳڵġϣϱ൱º͡Ȱˡ
ǵҿ˺ܶ, ҿԻش𼸸⡣ü΢
̨¼˾ֱӾ֣ڹʾ, кվʵεʳġǸֱ䶼һ˵ĳɹ𣿡
һ˲, ޴䳡˵Ŀⶼۼ˹ϣҲλʦȻ, ֱֱͬ仹ڷӿŴѴѵѣôܼѽֱ䣬ûһ˷һĻ , ġԲۡѾ, ûԸʱ򣬷ֳκһ
Լʲô
, ʮֲĿ˶Էһ, ֿ˿ȻĿ, ɫ, ʵĲãɻشǣǵġ, ò˵ǵĿ̫ǳˡεʳġӦǵĿֱֻ꣬һá
ӦǣԶġӡΪѾֵĶôûõĶ𾪡
Ļ˵ÿ̫ˣ
ӡΣѾ˼ǧ꣬ͥһǵڣҲšӡɫ䡣
תڰ֮ǰ붼顣ʱ򣬹ĿУεʳġȻûõģ򵥵µĶ
ڣΨһһܹ˵⻰ֻΪʷΪε͡ʳġǳ֡
һʱֳ֮ÿһԵıǵһ춼ز֣һУÿһѧﶼдҰĺһ˫ӵɴ˼¡һѧֱվҲĵҩǸõ𣿡
ʣܣվʲô
һƬȻ
εòãȻãõֻҪ¶һöͿԱ˳ۣһУõǼöһУУſڶ챻˲ˡҲãΪھ̫ˡҪľ
˲ӵУڵ˵ˮн
ĿһУѧһΣǹԱˣﶼĹԣεĲ
ǣĳһ˲䣬̶Ķˡ
˭ӦóΪףȴΪССġССũһײũˣʱʱ̱̿˺ȥ
ֻҪֻҪ䷽ֻҪõεĵ׵ĺһӾӿ
СʲôֱϽȥԱߵһ΢ͷѡ
̵к׳־һӻˣɫͣ仯ֻȫ֨죬Ҫǰ˳ѵĽȥ֡
ܱ·֣Ҫȡε֣»ص۶ûԼһУ

̵뿪޷ֱҲӰ칮Ŀᣬ°΢΢ָ̧̧˺һߣǱߣҵڵĵ۶´ҵĹңֻҪмֵ츳ʵŬ㶼лҵרѧϰЩ
ֹ˵ԼǰĻͲһĺܶ࣬磬Ϊ컨ֻΪûȥ㲻֪ж¥¥ 档
ڵҩεҲ򵥵ĶѣʲôܳɾʲôÿԼ
·վڹߣԿ˿Ȼ𣬡Ҫǿһ㣬ǵĹʦǿԼ档
ֳĻȻ죬˲ŵĿ˹·ϱȰ·ǿˡ
ɣҪɣ־øûκ壬ΪͰ·ѾҪ˵κλϼӸʲôˡ
ûзϣԱߵֱͷֹһУѧֻҪ츳ҵڶӭ㣡
һ˲䣬һУѧӸոյ˷ܣ˽ţŹĿҲӽˣԭΪֻһѧУ ֪ԭҪ˾Ѿ˺޲ȥˡ
ȴûٶ˵ʲôֱȥȻȻ̨ȶȴܽȥˡ罻ϼһţ˶ڷĳ֣˷ܣʲôεĶ
Ҳͦ˷ܣʱεЧȷĽȻЧѡĿɲһУҪŵóԶһ㣬һ㣡
ֻҪ㹻࣬ǾͲûõ㣬򲻵ʯ򣬲µڷչ
ֻ뵽̲סֿ˰·ٺõġûа·áǮʵԹ
·ôվ̨¿Ź΢΢ӭĿ⡣ֻϵɫͱ飬Ҳܿ˼̲סĿЦ⡣
ϣԼԵĸӳãͬʱֱӴһӲźá
лҪ˵¡

1


ũϵũʳĻ, ̿罻һһϢʾŹͰ·żôٶȺֱֶӽε̵ȫ, ŶʳĳΪ̬Ÿ߽ӪҺĳ֣ԭΪ֮ɫġӡûյġ塱Ϊ, ѾǱֻҪ, ݣ㶼õεƶ
һʱ֮, һִֻҪҪ, ε㴥ֿɼĴڡƫƫһֱڣҲûõһö
ɫѾڵ˼, ĵｫͰ·ֲûƿع, ûйȨͲװ·ôѿصôȷ, Ȼһ˿һ
⵼ôʱʼաʼաʼձ־, ַũȥ
ɫ, ֱ﹮ʳĵ, Ũζһֱﶼ㡣
¶Թ󵽼£̻ʶһ¿ˮƻѾ˺üʱ, ƫƫũĸ˾ǸһøְʾԷӲ硣󻹼Էٱͼ¸ˣΪ˲·ע⣬ȻûκȨ˵ʳѰʳûлԵ
һֱ죬˱ܡĥ֮⣬ҪĽйֲʩ׽ݵȵһ⣡
ԽԽζˮͣǷİ취
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