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˭֪תҶַ֦ͷ˹ʧɢŮٳ費˵߸ϵ̫ӵ£׷ȹǡ

Сף裬

ڼܿգͲҪ˰XD

 1 

ֵգͥԺڴĻݴֲïʢؼһԵչ֦ѿ
Ҷ۾ʱԺоĵģ̺ѾȴӰױ̨ǰǶ׾ظԼһ٣Ҷò̫Һóɹκе䱦ʯѡãֻһ۵ؾϡ
Ϊǧǽʳʱ߾Ͳȱźˣ¶ҪΪģǺ
ӽҪԶֵӻǡ
ҶĿӴױ̨ϵ֬ӹЩǾ֬ģһСбҪϺüӣѰռһĻáǹŮཻʱһ۱Ҫȿ̬硣ڴǰҶᾡԼױ㵽ãӲ˳ӣֻɨһۣջߡ
Ҷӹȡһ°ɫѣ֮㾲ŵ
֨ѽһŴⱻ˴򿪡ҶûлͷŵѾߴ
ͭ裬żǾһС㣬ôԼˣȵū澣
ʱˣٲҪ˵ˡҶ赭ص
զզصСô磿ƽɴδС㴩عա
ԽԽͣĬĬ͡
տǸӡ
ǳǧʽظӡ
ʮĺǧҶ账ԳΪȣǴӲ˺棬Լݽȴͷһ֪ԼԭǱũŮ
˹߻ȸͣǰǺǧʱϸֺڣ뷽跨Ժźǧϻغ֮󣬶ȴԽ䵭ﲻ֪˵˶лԺ̺˶ܹˣΨһһСѾߣҪܵѡ
Ҳˡ
ûвϵģѪԵϵйΪһũŮȴʮٻֻ˵ЩǧȴҰ䳤󣬳Ծ˼伲ࡣǧ׵ĵһ𣬺˲֪˶ᣬָɣ˶ٻأ˹߻ῴɫͲָ˵ռ˴ˡ
պǧظҶҲ׼λԹȥũŮ
½ǵ壬ʱˣ߳ȥ
һ·˲ˣ˹߻ῴɫҲ߲ȵͣǰǧжڣж䵭Ҷһ·߹ȥ˶ûУֻ䵭غһҶ
ǧһظǧͳˡҶ
չˣ׵ҶǧŵĵһѾûչ˵ʸ
ҶһֱߵԺ棬ű
Ѿɫ䵭תȥͨҶǵûѾߴǰ˵ֺãһһģȴǰҲԡ
ﾲĵģѬ¯ȼ˰أҶ߽ȥʱ˷˿Ѿܾã֣Ѿ߹һԣСĵؽ굷飬޼Բָϡ˷ûҶ˵һ£һԡ
ԴҴ֮󣬹˷˶˷˶䵭СʱҶ軹ͼ׽ͷһĸŮϵڣʱҲ᲻̲غѼ䣬ϡѪԵҲûˡҶ軹ĸŮʱǲĸŮ˼ŵĵһ죬㱧ſʱࡣȥԼΪѪŨˮ
ģԲ׽һ룬ѹ
Ҳ֪˶ãѾ˵һߣ˷˲Ŷյһڡ
ſҶ衣
˷ģȥˡЩӣ֪飬Ҳ֪ˡ
ŮҶ˶٣ڹ˷һ˲Ŀ֮УĿڣˡ
Ȼˣģ
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졣
졣
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֪𣬹˷˱رԼ뷨ǧռŮλãռŮٻ󣬻ǧ۹ʮĿӡǧ׵һգᣬ˷˱Ķƫ˹ȥ
һ˶վǧһߣָĲǡ
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ҶӦǹСѰҲ֪Լ㡭СǷ˵ŮǺǧ𣬵÷ʮϣѸмݻǵǹСģǹСġ
˷üĿ΢ɣıҲһЩ
룬ҲǺ¡˷ףҲںô꣬˵£˵ʱ㻹٣Ҳ޹Щʱնʲôʣʳ
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Ƿ˻ǵãӻԼС֮󣬳ӦҲ֪˴£Щʱգȴδ˵ЩϢ
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ظգұѾ֪˴£գҲϢ˵˳ҵ˼˷ͣͣյһ˹˵ǳµģճҵ˼ԼճС
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ӳɻ˲㣬
Ҷһ¶ЦǣȻ̧ͷȥæԼ
꣬˷ȥͣһμ誣ҲʱµĻԼҲһֱ誵δķһתۣĻԼôֳ˹˼ģ
ԸҲףҲԸϢ
Լǳ£ǳŮĻԼ˷ڡŮϼǺŮ޸ӵ˵ȻҲ㡣׵ֻũʹںʮ꣬ҲǸٵġҲǾ壬ܿһũ֮Ů
Ҷһʱɫɷף߬½ǣǿά򶨣ʳеģӻ֪£
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ھǡ
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ԼЦ˭ӦڳһũŮȻ룬Ҫ鹫ӡ
Ҳû˸ԭãŵڳ
ֻУӣ˷ǫѷ֪񣬻Լʱ˵黰Ҳ١ǾӣҲȹӲ֮¡
ۣڣ󳤳һ£һҲʧ
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һϦ췭ظݵת
ˡҶ费ͷڷɢϣûˡ
ӽֻҶ衣
ߣһӣⱾ֮󿪣ȤĿղһ
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һ죬˾˴Сϳȥͼƹһס
һӱΪ֮Ÿͷսź⣬ݡ
Ĵ󽫾ˡ

 2 

ǧظȥ鷿˳Ժҹ˷ˡ
˵ǽջظڴ֮ǰüأ˶ϵһ·ڵظ·ȵԺǰͷĴѾǰС㣬ˣһ͵ˡ
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˼һһ˽ȥ
˷Ҷͬʱͣ˻ͷ
Ҷתͷſڿȥ
ǧ׵һգҲ˼һ档ʱ˼Ŵֲ£ϴ˺üϿҲʮϾɣͷϸǸɸɾģֻһţټ򵥲ȴǽ»䣬һۣҶЩûǰϵ
˼ʱ򣬹˼Ҳڴ
ƳҶļ򵥴жֵ⣬ײöĺܡ
ȵش˹ȥ˵ˣˡ
ԼŮŻ䵭Ĺ˷˶ʱЦ˳ȵŹ˼Լ£˵˺ü꺮ůĻ
ĸŮ˵˺һ˼Ÿտһ㣬ĿŵҶϡ
λҶɣ
ҲͷһؼˣûϵáҶ費֪λǧʲô⣬Ҳֻǵص˵ͷ
֮ǰⷬĸŮѾ޷ǰǰѹ
˼ϸһ
ΪԼҶʧǵģȴû뵽Ҷ򶨣Ҷǰ˷׽Ҷ边ǲΪ
ءǺǧҶ򶨣֪Լᱻϳʱ򣬵ʱһҲѣ˵ʹ飬ں
һ뵽ҶԼ˼ڴⳡǴϱӵȵⱲӣʵ̫ˡ
˼ɫص˵Ҷ飬ЩҲڼУҶҾТ
ҶֵؿһۣӺζӦСˣǹСļң˴ƣҶ꣬ӦҸмǡ
Ҷ֮˴㣿˼иһգգؿҶ裬Źκһֱ仯ڸʮ꣬ҲʲôӣҴСˣҲ࣬ҶﲻһҶһֱں˺ӣǻص׵ǶӦǲϰߡ˶٣뿴ҶķӦ
ϵǣҶɫ뿪˲һ
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ҶҲǸʮСԶûкǰ䣬ʮҶںĴô飬ҶôһҲţֻ侲ɫ䵭ӣ˼ЩΪҲˡ
ûǸ֮ˡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣԺۣȻصǰϱǰ֪ԼǻҶѾΪǹŮĶҲ޸˳誣ɫʲãޱȡһУöġ
ǳΨһŮǧ
һأȲףһ£ҪҶϳҲ˼伲࣬ΪũŮҲ
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˶˵Ҫϳȥأ
˼æŹ˷ղȥҵʱ򣬵ôûк˵飿ǰôû
үҲղ˵𣬴Ҳûü˵˷˳Ҷ迴ȥô˵Ҳںʮ꣬ҲЩ飬ҲԵպһںү˵ˣ˵ǵŮ
ҶĬԡ
˷üЩϲķӦ룬ʣѵ㻹ڽӵ飿
ʲôӣ˼һģ޵سҶ迴ȥҵδ򣬳誳ҶҲʶӣ
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żȻ˵Ϥ
˼¶۵Ц⣺ûӣ˵ʮֳɫһֱۼ
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Ҷ˹˷˻е⡣
Ǹǧ𣬿ɴС󣬺Ҳ˲ǺŮȻǧһЩҲŮ
ŮѾʵͣͶྫȻҪﾡáܻһףΪǾò
Ҷ
ս֣ѾʧɫǰҪ伸֡
˼ȥȴ˼Ҳɫ죬ڹ˷ἰΪһ˼ʱмֲһ
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ҶᱻϳȥΪ˸׵ǰת˺üأҪҶصǸũȥպҲҰһѰׯںˣ
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˼ӣаԼü飬侲
ҲãǾͰҶˣҲ̫ˡǰҲйԵ˾ȦӵıߣˣҲᷢԼࡣҲ֪ԽǸţ˽µԽ࣬ǺǧҶ£ҲֻǸµĿ棬ĥ
ĵﶼվ誶δǧֻҪɵӣҿɶվ󡣻˭ܸҶͷ
ǣˡϱӣҶռһӣôˣֻܰϳˣһأҪûԼһУֱȥ
Ҷ費뿪뿪أ
˼ԽԽ˷ܣæŵźأһֱи㣬ҶںǾܳΪҵĽˣ
Ҷ赭ɨһۡ
֪ǧʲô뷨ЩҲûйϵˡ
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˷Ҳüͷѵ㻹ʲôɣ
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˷˵ɫһ±ѿ
СˡҶ赭С˷ֱ꣬˼ʱĸģֹҲҵĵֱֻ꣬СǷΨһŮҵ׵ҲֻһŮС˼һ㣬Ҳҵĵ
˼ڨڨҼҶ˵߾ߣǰҲ 
ӹСظ𣬵ѾȥգҲˡҶ˵һδҵ׵ʲôģ˵ĻҶѾ˵ҲǸˡ
˼һ¡
Ҳ֪ǲĴܾҶ軰л
Ҷû׵ںѾԺˣһðȫˡ
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Ҷ㵱治ú룿˼ȰǵҵҲҪҶġҶں󣬲֪ʲôģҶǴȥΪβںأ
Сǧܴ֮ʮ꣬οұũ֮ŮҶƮƮ˵Ǽ׵δ֮Ҳ󣬵Ҳûбƶªĵ
˼


 3 

ֱҶʱ˼ɫŶ̫á
ȻҪ뿪˷Ҳû˵ʲôֻɫǰӱ䡣ҶѾٽЩҲٿĸŮеģܿʱ䲻뿪
ʱ˷ѵöһЩɫ·ʮٵÿ飬һʱݣҲ˵㲻ǺŮɵҲǰʮ꣬ӺȥҲûпĵɶʰȫˣ
СģȻҪջݣɴǰȥЩûжջصĵĶ߼ǳ˺ƽռҲܹϺˡ
˷˵ĻŸ˵꣬ǧ߱׷˹ҶкЦѵλǧʲôɣ
ҶտգлˣѾʰˡ
˷һ㶣յתһȦŷյĴŴ綼ղͬǰҶӣƾӲ˰֣棬ϵĴǴδ򵥵͵ʱһѵӶͨͨ
ֻû˽»ҲлȣǴϴֲ£ҲƽŮ
뵽⣬˷˲ɶ࿴˹˼һۡ
۶ƫŮϣҲòϣǴϽ£ҲҶ迴ŸǧŮ
ǺʮԴ̣Ǽαֲġ
뵽˵Щ˷һʱ㷣ԼӦҶ뿪ǶǴС˼ѹһͷܿ㽫㲻ѹȥ
˷˵ȻҪ뿪ȳ֮㲻ǺˣͷҲٴź¡СĽЩɱ˺еˡ
˷ģ˺ұ㲻ٶἰֹں顣Ҷ˶٣ӽŮֻũ֮Ů
ʲôҲߣΪʲôġ
Ҳߡúһ㶫˺ţҲ볤һϵҲûˡ
ϵѣͷϵӣ֪֮͵͵ȥġݣûаأûлӣԼǰةฮǧͷһʫ˼ƪڹ֮òҲһ΢ʷѡӣǰУҲܻһΣΨһһĶ
Ҷ豾ΪЩѣɳʱŷҲֻҪ̧ţһͺá
ɫĴϣ̧ͷһۺǰҶֱپǵһдػؿ飬ΪҫΪӽ󣬶ûһϵ
˴䣬Ҳ֪˻Ȼ෴ס
Ҷſվһ̧ǰȥ

Ҷ׵ﲢסڳУǳǽһͨũҪ˫߹ȥһ·ҪѲٹ
ΪǧʱƽճжҶ軹δΪ·
֮ǰǰ֪һҶߵʱһԷԻվһ֪ͣǾԼ׵ˡ
δԼ׵֮󣬱̲ס࿴ۡ
ǰ֪ԼʱɻԼΪ볤͹˷Ĳ񡣺˹˼ǧϴг˷˵ӰӣԼ׵ҶҲϸһ
ЩʧǣԷϣҲδҵԼ֮һѰͨˣԼѣܴĥ̬Ҷϸϸ˰Σֻڨڨ
ҶҶĸҲҶĸź͵½ǣЩϣ⡭ҵŮ
ǣǡͲͷקԼ½ǣǸҲֻһλС㣬СˣҶﵱȻǵŮ
ҶĸţҶΣſڣȴ֪ýʲô
Ҷڣ
ҶҶĸһۿһӱˡ
ǵǧݵתҲۼԼʮŮɱ˵ģ˵ĳԼģ
ͷһؼ棬ҶҶĸЩнҲٵĺܡ
ҶûҶĸҶ˳ţҲߣֻҶһܿȥѳϹ
ҶԹԵͷûа䲻
ҶĸǼұȲϺǰںôãһ·ȥҪԲٿͷ⡭
ûϵҶ谲οȻѾ뿪㲻ù˼ҴǰΡǰСιģҲιˡ
Ҷĸ˵ͷȴݡ
߻վ˲ˣҶԭδʲôԣֱҶĸǻؼҵġˣ׹Ҷĸĵڡ
ֻһ¿Ļͷ¿¿ɼľƴɣһͰľ嵲ŷֹˤȥ붥϶յҶڳͷǣ¿Ҷһ㶣δع˱㻩¿һռ˴λá
Ҷ裺
׼Ҳ汻һ
ɲСʱҲֻһСѾߣ˵涼ڵСҲһ㲼
ĳɣҶĸ˿¿ŵˣһʱЩ˼ЩǴˣƽǶչˣҲǼҵ¿ʱ磬סԶҪ߻ȥǵ˶߲
ũһ˿ɲףֻų̵Ļʱ͵óǴ¿ʱ˳·ϡҶ¿Щɰ˲æǻһĵ·ѣܲ࣬ҲһôæҶҶĸģȴ˵һҲð˶¡
ǵŮȴںĸط󡭡
ҶĸͷһҶ棬֪ӡֻ˵Ĺ˼ǲͬġ
Ҷû˵ʲôͷ¿ҶĸһҺý˲࣬ϲӵҶ裬ԼҶҲ˼һ𣬿˲ٿռ䡣
¿ϵҲںسҶ迴
ͬסһӣͷ̧ͷҶҷʲô飬Ҳ֪һЩҲǿŹ˼ģпвۼźҶҴн߹˼Ҷĸ߶һ˼µĹ֪ǸںŮˡ
ҶͷʹҶĸΪڵȻܸܵЩεĺߡ֮⣬ϰߵģ¿ĵ·̳סڱǣҲҵڡҶ۲Ҷĸ복ˣɫȻѾϰߡ
вɵ̾һ۾
¿ҶҴͣʱҶɫЩ԰ףҶĸע⵽˵һЩߵҶԺǰҶĸҲ±
ǼˡҶĸСĹ۲ɫԭסںӦƲϵģҲΨһסǰסҲţǼõӣ㲻⣬Ҳס䣿
ҶȻȲϺٻԺҲʰ޵룬߽ӣҲʮࡣȻЩƾɣҲܿ˼ϸİҲС
Ҷеĺ̫࣬պļˡһͷҶĸЦЦûʲôǼͦõģҺϲ
ǡǼҡҶĸһϿƲסֳЦ⡣
æЦӦͣͺá
ߣҪȹһοˣѾ˰µĿQAQԻտը±ζСԡ̲赹Ǻ룬ΪǰһһͰۣҲûꡭ
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 4 

˼뿪ĺԥ˺֮󣬿ҲֻԼʱβãû˵ûǵù˷ϧѡ
ҶԭҲΪԼ׵Ǹԣƶǣޱȡۼˣ֪ʵˡҲ˹˼ǰһûҲᣬ׵ҲĶá
ǧҶʱסõǼӡҶҲס˽ȥΪ¶ĴæһжûҶĸǰʰҲǹ˼ĺۼ
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 5 

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 6 

ǽҶϳ˺˼ԾЩġ
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 7 

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 9 

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 10 

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дţϰҲ飬ǿ֮ˣǳӣȻлԼΪλͱĹ壿
ʵڲ֪¿˵Ǻˡ
㲻ǱҪ㣬δޣ㻹ϵļҵĹ
һ
֪ΪΣ뵽Ҷ衣
ߣҸôῴз֮ҸͲ޳ܵˣ
̫ӣܱܵҪˡ

 11 

Ҷĸ飬ؼ֮ҶҶһ顣
Ҷƽﻰ٣ֻͷ£Ǵ£ҲĬذҶĻ꣬³ͷҡҡͷС
Ҷʧ
ͦõġҶɰͰ͵صʲôҪģҡ취
Ҷĸ˵ʮֳϿңҶҲΪǡ
ҶҶĸǸ󵨵ˣƽ󵨵ԼŮ֮ʮĵҶҶĸؾ壬Ҳ֪㣬ʮӣҲδʲôãδıͷֻǰһŮ۸ֵͣһŮֶ࣬Ƕʵмܲס
Ҷ趼벻סԼĵʲô鶼ţΪƫƫôĵӣѺĹﱧ˻ҲãһֱھǴô꣬Ȼһֱû֡
˶˵ֻͨõܷҵӣˣǱҵģɣպҾҲᣬҲ취ӻǡ
ҶĸȣһδĹҰ̯ҲͰˣôܹͷ¶⣿
Ҷ򴽡
ҶԺҰݣݺ󣬲ŵ˵Ҫ⣬ɼûôӡ
Ҷ費⡣
ջʱҶĸǴ󷽵ؽӶó˵ҪðѣҶ貢֪ж٣ֻҪһ鲼۸񲻸ߣӦʣࡣƽʮֽڼţӦҲСиࡣ
ҶĸЩڨڨؼ֮ǰ˵Ҫá
˼󣬱һ˼ҪϻԼĸɶԼĸҲû飬ҶĸӦ㽫д󲿷Ӷ˭֪˼ֱϻĸʣȻعȻҲûˡ
˼ҪߵӲ࣬ŵҲֵֻ㻨ҶȴǱĻ
Ҷĸ̾һⱾǷģҲҺòµףȻЩǮ᲻ϡ
Ҷû뵽оȻȵ̶ֳȣһʱҲĬ
Ҷĸ⣬ڰҪӣǡٵЩʱҺܣ
ҶӦ
㵱û£Ҷĸ䣬ݱѡ֪ˣ뿪ǰӦ취ƪʫΨһһӱΣĶò
ѵȥƪʫ
ɵةฮǧǣͷʫǹ֮еȤʫҲͨҶм֪֮ʫƪѡ˵ǿ˺ӡ˵ݱˣҲǰĺôСҲֻһǧ
Ҳֻպᡣ
ͷʱ£ҶҶĸÿȥа̯
עӵϡȻ֪λʲôʲôĿģôȥҲû͸¶ʲôҶ󵨲²⣬˵ǺҪæ
֪ǰǵݣӡ
Щ
磬̯ϵĲ߻в٣Ҷĸ˿ɫ̫ãɹ۾ģҶȥԱߵĲ̯ϡ
裬򼸿ģЩʱٻ̯տţǹˣ㡣
ҶͭǮԹȥˡ
̯ҲãкüſӣѰһλã˵Ĳ裬û㣬ֻζҪһҶմӹ̵̳ĺܣ۵ָǣ̵̱֡
Ҷһ֣ǰȻһˣһֻֽ˹ŵѵ·
һ£̧ͷȴǳ誡

Ҷ򴽣ҵġ
֮䣬ѾãŻصǰС
ҶζڱӵƣҶ費ֻĬؿ
Ȱһ衣
ء䵭صֱһŮ䣬δ̫ͻ
ֻøĿڣҶ
Ҷ費̲ӦһаԲļпϧһһöǮüԲţŵ۵ĺܡ
調˿ڣĻȴֲ֪ô˵ˡ
ǳ£Ůˡ
˵Ҫȴһס֡Ҷһ˿
л˵ЩɬȴҲԸҶ˵һˡ
лֱ˵ǡ
֪Щÿնң
Ҷ赱Ȼ֪ǵ˶֪㻹ǰ̤ء
ÿնңֱղŸԵɣԭΪ㡣ĿؿҴ֪㻹ʶ
ҶӺˮĶһ١
ʱʶ
ϲԣ侲غһڲ裬ŵŮӲ޹ϵӺαҪЩ
ȴ롣
⣬бҶ衣ƽԺãСлԼ׽Ҷ֮⣬ĹҲֻмеѾߡ
Ҷ뿪֮Ҫȥ䣬ɶסҶжãǰлԼ˸쳤ĹҲ֪뿪֮һ˵ע⡣
û뵽죬˻
ûȥ֮ȴһҹ룬޷ġ
Ҷһ𶼺ãôѧ˻£˭֪ĵãôúöҶ裿
ף뿴Ҷκһ
誵ͣϣԸŹϵһ仯׿˵ԶЩ
Ҷͷˮ
ǰϵھ͸ϲˡΨһһμɵӣҶ룬Ҳû봫еϵϡ
ˣŮҲûκιϵ
ģ
Ǽ٣ʲôϵҶ˵Ӿ˵ѾлԼҲ֮ͨˣΪѳӡУֻС֤ǡ
ԭҪ˵ʲôἰԼἰ˼ҪѿڶĻ˺ڡ
ʱԼⱾͲֱ׳
Լ飬ҵı⡣Ҷ䵭ߣ誱ؿڶۡܿͷٿеĮֻܻŵؽͣ˵Ǽ֮󣬱̶˾ǣұ㣬ȴڼУҲͲȥܳʱҾ˵Ѿ뿪ˡ
Ҷ费۽ޣָĦֱ߱յˮѾһ»š
ˣҲؽˡ
ĻԼѾǹ˼ˣδҲǹ˼ġûһ£ٹЩʱգҪ޸誡
ʱͶµĻԼҲĽ誵ԼδķҲѾǱ˵ˡ
ռǧݣǧʮĿࡣʲôҲûУǧҪĻԼ۳ǷģѾҪˡ
˵ұΪʲôݣǵĻԼڣʹû˺Ҳ㡣ﲢδ˷˵˻Լ£ҲǺ֪¡֪ǻὫǵĻԼˣҶ뷽跨㡣
裬ҡ
ڽеһҲʧˡ
ҶȻˣԺӱúöԹСɡ


 12 

誻ججҶصĶ
ȥʱ׼ŶҪҶ˵ĻɻҲû˵䣬Ҷ䵭δڵĻһҲ˵ˡ
Ҷ䵭һǽ鶼ͷǰ˳ΪлԼڣҶδŵӡԼûˣҶһһء
ص̧ͷңһʱЩ̤ȥ
ɣ˴ͷ߳ſǻʱƣ誣
誻ع񣺡
ɣһȥϲ˵˷ԼҪţҲһȥҲȥԺһú顣
誶һͣ˰벽
誣
ҲȥִӳгƲͷԼȥɡ
㲻ȥ˵һ㣬Ҳһġ
誼Ҳ
һ£ƵѵǶ˳ˣ誣ٹҪɻ飬ʱɾķˣʲô˵ͨģ
ҲȢ

˵ɫһ
һȦȫü˳Ŀ̧ͷֻԼʲôҲûûصһۣҲŵˣתߡ
лͷ˵ѵҪͷ˿Ц
һ㶣Ŵϲæ˽ȥ
ĻԼ˵˵ҲȢ˼ϲҲҾ˵ˣʲôҶҪȢ
㻹ŹѾͷ˶һ裬˹һڣŵҽдˣǺŮɲչˡʲôҶ˵˶ٱ飬ڲǸũ֮ŮȢʲôҲﲻ㣬ûаô
ҲҪʲôôֻҪȢսȭͷԼ趨µģǳģǰʱ򣬿ɲ˵ġ
ʮͽҶ迴ԼĶϱÿؼҶʱ̬ҲʮСڣһһѾͷἰʱбֻʣ±ġ
ֻҶ裬Щʱ誵Ҳ췭ظ
ĵ·һףԼϹ̱ƴǰ鶼װģἰҶ裬춼ǳͼԼ˼飬Ҳǿڿ˵Ϊáѧ徭ѧܣΪԼĶ֮£ȴԼϹǰ̧ͷ
˵װףΪǰǳǧ𣬵ڲˡ誣ҪպҪ볯Ϊ٣Ȼܰ㣬гܸһ¥Ҷ裬Ȣ׵Ҳũܰʲôǵﲻ㣬һĺȡ
˵Ȣһũ֮Ůպô㣿ǳ˼ң˵ŵԣҲΪһũŮ
˿ĵȰ֪ϲôЩҲûи顣ҲǸùദǺĹҶȥ
أʹ˵ĻԼˣ뿪˺ʲôҲûˣ㲻֪ö࣬
Ѿû˹ϵڹʲôӣҲ޹ء˴ĻżֱŭٹЩӣɻ飬ȻҲ޸ˡ誣ǻ֮ӣѾǸũŮǶֻ֮Ҫ볤ĻºúץסԵʲôҲùܡ
ֻһˮӭͷ£˹
ԣɳ˻Ҷ޸ˣǸũ֮ŮҲΪյ鷳
ڷӦԭɿˣ
Ȼǡǰʲô˼ͻʲô˼ͳѾͷպú顣
ſڣʧһ仰Ҳ˵
ῡ㣬Ժճѧ֮вдϻòͨδޡ˴䣬ʧǣήҲﻹаԭ緢ģ
˼Щ̣ĳȰǰ̣ǳңǾһӣ⻧˵Ƿ⣬Ҳά裬һҫ鹡ǰ̲ҪˣѵҲҪ𣿡
ٶĻһʱҲ˵ˡ
ֻƾű˵衭
ܱȺǧ𻹸ߣȻҲ㡣
Զ׼
ԺղȨô࣬ȳм
誵ۿɼ
˵ԼҲŵڣںҶļܷﵽԼֻ˹һɳڳǰ̣ƽﱾԵη̩ɽأصѹ
˵ԼѧҲùʹҲܹҫ鹡һϳ˵ִų𣬷·֪Ҫ˵ʲô誺һͣ亹
Т˳Щʱգ˶ʮǿƣ뷨Σа㲻óѹ޷мܡ
ˣǾȥ

ȴӦ

Ҷȵˣ뿪
Ѿ͸ûǸҶͭǮ
Ȼص̯ʱϵģӾȻѾˡ
Ҷĸ͵͵˹ȥλ˵ǲȥ㣬кҲ˺һˡҪҪȥ㣬ҺԼˡ
˺һ
ҶĿӸվ̯ǰеָ룬ֻվһС˲ٿ̽ߡ
Ҷæ߹ȥӽҪЩʲô
Ŀؿ
ȫˡ
ҶȥǸ̯ڲ̯ĲԶʱһ۱ܽǸ̯һ۵סҶһ
Ȼδ˵ʲôɹһģϱ
в޵ģҶԳо飬Ҳĳ誻塣˻һͷԸ⿴ġ
ҶˣҶ˵ʲôµĻ
ӣ
ǱƿߣЩȫҪˡ
ÿһǽ̯жȫߣҶĸһ̶ʰ
Ҷվԭأȴһؿһ󣬺ȻʣӿпУ
üһ
Ҷ΢΢ЦӿԸȥǱ߲̯һһЩҪʹӡ
˻һǵӣҶĸȵس

ҶҶĸһ񣬶ӣȴĻӦ
ã֮ЩϲɫڣеսûԼʧ̬򶨵ףŲ̯ǱƣҶ롣
ҶҲ
ҶĸؿˣֻŮǸİһ̯ȥƤͣõ뷨Сڲ̯òԶ̯߱ԽǱߵһпҶĸ۾ҲգǱ߻ᷢʲôַ顣
ʱһ̯Ļ
֮УԼҶһ˾˵÷ªĲ̯ϱӶ˵һμ棬ҲڸûʵĻʹ֮С
ɹҶѾϲ뷨һȦܿʧ
ҶҪõĲˮȲˮ֮ȸһ
ӶűյЩܳ
Ҷңʲô˵
Ҷ˵֮ǰŮɷ֪ӵ
ӻȻ
ôˣԭֶû
롣˵롣
ҶƤһ
ǹա˵ⲻʲôϡϣҲǳСλ빫Ȼ·ȴ̹Ȼһ־Լˡ
Ҷʣ֪ӡɷϵ£
ߣ̫ӣ
̫ӣˣܵܰ

 13 

ѣͷͻǳǾû˲֪
û뵽ҶҲ¡
ȻҲЩ飬ȥҳ誵鷳Ҳİʾڴ£ֻ
ҶʣûȻش𣬶һѵųˣǹ߿ģ
Ƕû˻ԼһϵûˣǳҪ߿ֲ࣬Ҷ
ѵҶ˵˴£ҪΪ誳ͷ
һ뵽ܣһ̡
ɾҪΪ誳ͷҲһֱԼݣҲ֪Ҷ裬Ҷδû˵顣
ѵǡҶʲô
侲ضһڣԸһЩǵܵˣƽ¥ûȥ·һɫõĹ˵׼Ͷͷ
̫һЩ
ط±յѵҹ鷳
ϵ£
档ţԼǸ˵ֺܵԣʲôʰһֲᱻʺ˵ҶҪЩ鷳
Ů²йԹҶԽǹ˵ԼֻһͣǸүĵʥ裬ӸҶү֣Ͳ±𣿡
ҶдҶ룬ҶΪҶ︰ǡ˵ҶҲǿ֮ˣҶﵱ濪ڣѾǱƵ˲ѵľء
ҶĿ¶졣
Ҳʵʮ棺ȻˣҶɷ˵ǷҶʲô
·ֻҪҶͷ㵱Ҫȥ鷳ˡ
ҶȻʧЦһʵؽһж̹ˣŮԨԴֻŮµĹϵŮȥ¼ȴֻһˡ
ĹϵӶ˶٣飬˷żĳ誡ɵصѵǳ㣿
Ҷס
ΪҪⷬ
˵Ҳ֡ҳӵ鷳ʼԵɣȴ˵ΪҶЩݣΪ
һ
˭ö룬ȻǰҶˡ
ŭա
ⲻõĵܵܣȥҳ誵鷳ҳ誵鷳ΪλҪҶǣȥ֪ˣǻҪҶ赱ˣ
˾ˣһʲô֣
ǴʱǰضҲܻܵ᲻ܵʵۻʺǰ״ɷ˵һٲʹ죡
һŭŲˮ£ŭʣֻ£Ҷ˵޶Թ
Ҷס
ǰЩͱ˵ƣҶӦҲ˵ƽΣҶδ֪ⷴҶ˽ŮӹüأҶѵҪǣȻ룬ܲˣ
ҶؿΪֱҲ¡
˵
Ҷ졣
ӵ̯˵£ĿĲΪǰȴ¿ʮҪƺҶĸҪںҶ費֪νԼĴ˵ˡ
֮䣬ӱѾ˾ҶģҶҶֻع

ɵؿڣ빫Ӵô
ҶǸ֤պҲ
빫˵Լһͣ±Ͼү빫ƴȫҲ޷ͷҶҡͷ˵ǵĸ֮ˣ˵лҪǺģĻԸ衣
޷ӳǷһ飬ҵĻ
Ҷ룬ʣλ˸ϵͣ
һ٣ʱư˰أ
һΪԼõļݣֻҶĻҲֻúúöһݾεġ
ƫƫʱ
ƫƫǰŸҪ鷳˵ݣЩû
ȻҶ趼ôˣĿһգգؿ鲻ѡ
һ˵ҵҲ£о֮ͣҵ飬صһңҴǰ飬ƽҲֵơҵĻӦ
Ҷ빫ӡˣ
аҲֻһͶѡ
⻰ġ
СʱͲ飬ͷ鷿͵ܣܲסȥץˡòŰˣҲֳŵܵܵѧҵ
ΪõܵϽ޲鱾ѧܵУ취ϧҲ޶Ч
Ҷ·ˣȻ빫ƽҪ¶飬Ϊÿճ򣿡
Ҳգſڼ飬ҸߣҸвĻơ
в򣿡
»ôɺϵ飿
Ҷ̲סоȡ
Ϊθı״ȥķ⡣취ֻĸ⣬ѣҪλ빫ӡ
λ빫ӽһЩӡȻֺƤһЩҲݣҲçײҲȷ;ûڣλ빫ӱһ
һʱ䣬Ҷ費֪οˡ
˵飬һֱڹ۲ı飬Ҷ˿仯۵סע⵽в򡯵ĻһʣҶԭңкҪ̣
˻һҶϵԥ֮ɫء
ͷϲ֪Լ¶ˡ
ΪˣΪҶ˽Ѿ㹻ԵһռҶ𣬱㴧Ҷʱ
ھһֱڵȵʱ
Ҷ迪ڣȵ˵ҲһҪҶ
Ҷһ㶣빫ӵ˵޷
ҶҲ֪ҹŸв򣬿ÿճʵ鷳˵ЩʱգЩʮ⣬ұţǿԣҶɺҶÿս͵Ҳʡҳһˡ

⻹ֹƵضյһڣܵҶȫȻ䵽Լϣв޵⣺ΪͣƽҲϸЩҶõóЩ㶼ԽҶ
ҶΣ
Ҷ赱ȻĶ
뷨ûбõˡ
Ӷյסߵ⡣
еĲˮѾˣҶҲͨͨнĲҶڿɬ
һ뵽˵Ĳ裬ҲȪ
˵һɣҶǷһ顣
鶼Ƿˣֲ
ߣлΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ׵Сʹ41371275 1
лӪҺСʹ 10ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 14 

Ҷĸ˵µʱ򣬻Щš
ӿ飬ŽҶһߣŵʣô֪λ빫˵ǲģ
ҶҲԥ
׮׮飬Ҳʵ̫ɺһЩɺϵŶѡ·оһǰͷںˣ͵Լȥ
ȥЩ빫ҲʵûƭıҪ
ʲôҲûУֻһũ֮ŮҪƭαطôĹ
Ҷ谲빫˵ǽЩ͵ȥǼ٣ۿһ֪ˡ
ҳ誵ĹŹ־ٶҲãȻͬҪʲôҲ˴¡
˺üӽ߹ϴǰĴţ˸߰˰ˡǸɫ֮ͽҲʮɲĨǡ
λ빫˵Ļ漸ּ٣ȥۼ˲֪
ҶĸȥҶ˺̯в˰ᵽ¿ϡҶ¿棬ҡҡλεķȥ
Աľ壬ŵ˵ʯ·л뵽˳
Ψһ뵽ģҪԸ
ҪˣҲˡв֣˵׼ֽкá
˽˵ϣ빫棬ԼǰµԵ

ӱҶһȵ
ڻ԰ιԼһӽ̫ˣʱ¶ɫеĲҶӾУ۵ĲҶƮںϣеĽȴͷҲð겻ѡ
һʣ㿴Щǲࣿ
˲̧ͷӦǡ
̾ˡ
һǰߣһֹ̫ôյĲˣҲôգԵıˡҲ֪Ǻʱ̫ӣЩˣе㶼ԣôԵ£
Թ꣬ҲߵǰǰŸ̤żϱѾһֺõЦ
磡ڵش˹ȥʲôְˣ
ӵչ㡣
£ºðظ֤ɲ֪Щӣÿնȥҳ誣ɸ˲鷳֤»Ҳˣ
ἰ£ӵһ
ݺݵ˵ܵһۣ¹֮ˣڹ»иҪһҪ˵
ɵзë֪Լʲôһ»ŵĺܣһ˵䡣
һˡ

ˡ
֡ǲˣָͷ⡭ⶼôˣԵ˶˵ࡣⶼüûĸ밲ˣĸ󿴼ʵǲ֪ô͡
ӹŹֵؿһۣݱˣºιأ
ǡҳԵ𣿡ίãȻö˶˵ģÿնһ˵ҸϣҪҸĳص˼𣿡
ºʱ˵ĻӰ֣²ᣬ»Ҫ˵
һ
ſڣֻԼȻ԰Щ㻹ί
ϸϸ˵һԼļݣӽ˵ͣһж·˵븮֪һмǱ˵©졣
ãȻˣ̫ӣôͳҸеͣ
ǡ
ֻӦ¡
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ָˣۼӰʧǰԶˣһع̫Щʲô˼ȴܼҺ˹
ȥں棬̫ҪʲôȻֽ̫ӵķԸϸϸܼ˵һ飬ס¶̫ӵݡ
ܼ֣Ӧ£ȥ
˶߹ˣһ֣˸ϽϵġЩӣʵǱﻵˣ

Ҷ¿ĻӸʱѾһˡ
Ĺܼҳϻ̳Ͽֵվһԣ˼λӵصòãæڳԼԴʱǸͷ嶼ͦʮ顣
¿һܼܵñ̫ӻ졣
ڰѲˡܼڣ׼Ÿ߸ϵļƣ̧°ֺͣ˵ӿɵأ㡣
ҶæӦһҶĸһŰѲ˰ҶҲȥæܼע⵽Է󻹸һͬʱֻ̫ӵµ쬵ģʵʵĵУεۡ
ܼҲ˼ѵĲԣ
жʱĿҶ裬ʣҶҵĻˣ
Ҷ迴ܼңٿҲûΪһܼ±ͻһ·˲٣Ѿ˴㡣
ȶ꣬Ǯ󷽷ʵպҵÿնÿսһǮ빫ӾΣ
ӵȻӦ
ܼҾһԣƤӵ£˱вˡһһǵҶҶĸ岻˿ڣܼҶֻһԿš
ܼ̲ס࿴Ҷ輸ۡ
˲֪ȴ֪̫ӵݵġּ̫Ӷһɫ𽵹֣С£м˵ɵҲƳеĲԾ
ȶһˣǩ˲ԼֽдװסҶϸ˼飬Űպá
ҶҶĸһ¿ȥĿ뿪Ҳ뿪˹СܼҰߣͷ㽫
ԵöƤԲһʱ¡
̸ֳ̫ģʵۿˣװɸ̸ͣ⣿
ū
۾ˣ׷ʵҲλˣܱ̫Уóһüÿˣ
ūҶƣҶȷݾ
һһӣڷԼôԸδɩɩжɫ㡣
˵ö˶˵ģ̫ΪκȻôյĲˣԭǿ˼ҹһ̾Ҫ׷ңҪ鷳ֻҪڳ̫ݣλﲻԸⲻɣ
̫ӵ»д㡣
°ͣԴͷ뷨תһȦȻɫ
ˡ̫װҸͣպòҪɣ
ɾͲ̫ˣ
̫ˣ͵˳ֹ̹ܽܽ
ɫֱ䡣
³һڿɲ̫ͬӻҪæֺϹҪ˵׷Ů飬óһЩܰæֺ̫ӣ
ֳ̫һˣʲô¶ûˣ
ְѹܼҽȥ̫Ӽλ﾿ʲô
Ҳǵڶղʶ¡
ص紦˹񣬳ȥѰҶ衣ֱ˹źźȻ
˲ˣҶĸҲÿճֻ̯ҪһҶ͵żɡҶĸţҶȻҲٸų
ӣ
·˵Ǻǻˡ
ߣ̫ӣˣ硭
QAQ

 15 

ж⣬Ҷĸȴǰɲ١ҶԾÿһȥи˼ղˣҶ¿Щ͵Ҷ˴ӣԻȥúЪһЪ
ҶĸزҲã˵ҪúǼҲûǰ˼ʱȱӻҶĸû뵽һŮԼ˿С
Ҷָͷһһ˵ƣֻǴһ·ӣࡣ빫˵ģܸ˸в⣬ֻͼˣǵܱǰɣҲࡣܹӣǾͰᵽһլӣҲæµ¿ãǻܻеӶ࣬ˡ
Ҷĸʮ
æ˵ھլӣǵö಻סȻȾǣɵطҲˡ
ǾլӡҶ赭дصһ̫СǾڶǶԺӴҲ徻
ǾҲֵضΣǵլӵȷúܣסÿɶǴԹͨ򲻵áҶĸӴһǵҪӣ
ȱӣǾȥȻֻǸв򣬿ֻҪúҲ̳ɴ⡣̼࣬Сڽռ̯λ̺ű鲼أеƽ⣬еȴһլҲ㲻ʲôҪ룬ھǽϱظլӣ˿бȥĴסס
ҶĸգֻʮδɳˣҶһüլӣһɲסˡ
صصҺôˣôլӣЩѾ
ˣȹգҲһҶ˵ֻˣֲãúЪűǡ
ҶĸôУһңôóȥͷ¶棬ǰҲͰˣҪ˵ȥ£۸˿ô죿
ˡ
ҶĸɲԼˣŮ绨е뷨һҲû١ô競ԣŮɲá
Ҷд㡣
ͳžլӣΪ˲ÿ¿Ҷĸ˵˴£ܿˡ
Ҷſڣԥذ£˵ǣһҡ

ҶſڣٳǰҶĸһͨӦҪúȰȰ浽ҶǰȴһҲ˵зĲ£ಽظҶʲôί
ΪһңҶҲʮޣһ㿴˼طձ
Ҷһвųһվţҽȥ̸ҲѧʣЩбŵ飬δšҶƬ̣̾һ
Ҷʱ㿴վǽǣӣ˶ڽӰ

Ҷع
ǻؼҰɡ
Ҷ˿ֿ˿ǡ
Ҷ¶Цұˣһж̸ˡԺʱüǵýϡ
ҶһѵûһЩ͡ͺˣ
ҪҲƽˣҪ󲻸ߣֻʶĶ֡Ҷ費˵ĹǮ࣬ʺҡ
ҶӦһ
ҶҴĴͱ˭Ҫǳ˸ţǿǼϡ£ʮ˷Ľɺһ˼ңѾ˶ʶ֡ʶ֣·˶ֳˡ
Ůֶ£⣬Ѱ˼ǾβȹũŮֹҲﲻͬԴŮǵļңҶĸԷСģΨԼ³
˼󣬴С˵Ļ޲Ҷһ䲻Ҳû˵ڡ
Ҷ˵ףֻҶı뽫кöǼб˵ᣬֽʶСܸЩֶǴǰҶ迴۵ĶںȴãȻ

Ҷĸڼеã˵ıһ롣
ĶǶˣҶĸУЩƷи߽֪࣬ܲ۸Ҷ衣
ҶĸҲͷڶգҶ¿Ҷһ˳С
أȴӵĺܣƽҪᣬпѯðѰ飬żԥʱðſ˵ƼҶҶֻ˵ҪʶĶ֣ɵҪòؾ䡣
ĻƶˣȻ˸òĹǵЩ̲ס࿴һۡ
ƹҶһߣָָµ᣺йţⱾʫ
ĹС㣬Ҳ̸ʫģ£ҲдټƪҶԱʣλʫ
ƹλǹ˼Сġ
ҶһǸˣ
ƹҲ⣬úȥæ
Ҷһʱɫӵĺܡ
ԼԺҪģҲ֪ݣź˿
ҶϷǱʫǰɻ󡣹˼ҵǧҰҶīûУǧܲڻظЩʱѾֵʫ˰ɣ
ɺҲԼ濪Ц
Լܲ³˼ǧѾʮˣǼھ֮дǳĿţ˼Ҫ൱ĲŮǰˡ
Ҷ跭˼ʫ
ʫԼҲƪ׾ҶǾȣüͷ
Ҳ˵˼᲻ʫ˼ЩʫķвͬеƽӹͨҲǰһĳʫ죬
һдġ
Ҷ迴ľֻԼ´ˡ
ԳĵλⱾʫʫĲ٣ǧظʱգȥӡˢʫӣʣµʱ̡Ŷ̶̼죬˼ôʫ
ҪҶԼҲ
ԥؽʫ˻ȥ
Ҳǧ츳ڡز¶أ
˼вŻԲŷ׵ġҶ賤һֻҪпţʫȥǣһϵûС
࣬Ů٣Ҷ壬мλ̽߹˼ʫ£ԥһҶ迴ǵıӰ²лмΪǧ
һȥ˲١ɽջǧǴԼѾ߹ҶûʫЩѾ߲һ˵˼ΣҲ˵Ѿ߱Ҫһ
ȵ磬Ŀ١
ҶƹӦʣŴʱûпˣ˱һԿ
Ǳμǣһ濴һȻʫһ¡
Ҳ֪˼ʫΣеȷмƪдúãԸܾЩԡ
߽һˣҶƳæ̧ͷ粣Ǹ߸ϵЦһʧ
˼ɫѿؿҶ裬ô
ߣǧΪһҪŮ䣬Ϸݻû࣬ⲻӦ

 16 

ӻصĵһ𣬹˼㿪ʼھѾСˣǧ𣬱㶼ʱ㿪ʼвѧҶߣǲţҲ֪
ҵԽã˵ʱҲһʱ
˵˼Ѿ誵ĻԼгǧԻҶ衣˷һţⲻҪҶȽһ
ҶãδǰھǹŮٮٮߣģã֪ˣڣԼвǹŮΪס˵˼Ұ󣬾˵ŮҲȲϡ
ǧһҲڰ̾˼μӹŮǵľۻʱⲻҪһǰҶ轻õЩˣ⺬ἰǡھͺˡ
˼ʵ
ҶݣЩҲģ
Ź˷ΪԼһʫ˷Ȼ⣬һļϡ
Ҳûʹ˼ǰǷ飬ֻĲѧڡóƪʫģвٶʮֳɫ˷˿ϲʤŮǰôĿ࣬Ҳڵģ
ʫĵһգ˼ȲѾԼȲҪơ
˭֪һͿҶ衣
´ҶһۣҶż򵥣ֲ£ڷһ򵥵ķ٣һͨױ֮⣬һװҲޡĺǧȣڵҶνʮǡ
˼һȦǱ޷Ҳֻһ飬Ҷ飬һļǮˣҶļҾЩסңƣͷңҵǿ԰ӡ
Ҷ費Եس˵ͷŮֻ

ˣ˼һڣһӱ㽫˵ע˹
˼ƺЩƣƹЦǰλСҪЩʲô飿һʫСɷҪ
˼ԭ˵ʲôһʫע̱˹ȥ
ʣ˵ƺйСʫ
ǣСƹæԱùһʵǰǹСʫĿɺãС㶼ϲ˲ءСЩ˵׼ˡ
˼ţͷƮƮȻЩϲɫ
ƳҶվһЦЦעȻǿ׾ӵݼ˼һ飬뵽ʲôüëתҶ衣
طеʫСʫãպҲõĺܣҿСЩʫдʮֲҲǰǸ
Ҷ费Ϊ
ѧ˼٣˼ҪǱҪȥ
룺ôŮҲ˼ͷһװ·˸ԼģҲҺûƼ
˼ʣҶ裬˵ǲǣ

Ҷ̾һŵŹСջظûãձⷬŻ츳ڣպ󶨻ʡ
ƹͣǣСƣǹСһʫһѾдʫˣպȻǲһ㰡
˼
Ѿ˼ʫƹȥˣΧֻʣˡ˼Ҷ裬ѹȻ£ȻҲ֪ʫĶˡٹãǵ˶֪жгӡ
ἰ誣ͣͣûϸҶɫҶɫüëҲû̧һ¡˼ЩʧԾɵ⣺вѧʫҲһϣ֮Ҳ࿴պǶ˳ɻ飬ӶҲ˵Ļ
ҶɫǾ͹ϲСˡ
˼ЦҶ裬в˵Ҳ֪ͷʲôǰӵе˵ٺãպ󶼻ΪҵġǱҵġٹֶ꣬벻ֻǵóֻһС㡣ʱɵŬЩΪҶȥ
Ҷ룬ҲսСŮȷһɻ벻ףС𡣡
ʲô
СǺʱѧֵģ

˼һɫʮѿǡѾ߱˼ݺݵһۣתѾˡ
Ҷ豻ɵͷˮɻҲ֪ΪҶֽʶޣ˼ѧʫˣ
ֻһˣ޳׵ܣʱԼԼպֻܿ㲻иҹΪŮĺܣʱвҪģ׵ղסʣҹͷͿҩòëʰϣд¡ǰʱҲһ飬ż͵͵ּд깦ΣҪԹһΪκҪϿ
ѧ˶꣬к˼ǧǡ
Ҷһ룺ǧӦǸš

˼صͨͨĲ侲
Ҷǻʵĺܡ
ʱѧ֣Ȼϱˡ
Ҷҵụֲ̂ʶǺõԵ뾩ǣΪ˲˳Цҧѧ֣顣Ҳ˶ѡ
츳һ㣬լҲñƴѧ£˵ʲô˾޵ʫЩŮ޹ϵ
ռȻ
˼߽ü˷߳¶Ц߸ӭȥ

á˷Ц⣺Ǳˣ˵ʫ£˹ֿ䡣
˼һϲ˫΢죬ʵҲˣ
ӵδᡣŮ¶ʧ˷˰ƽʱòѧЩʫˣӵȻϲҪ࿴飬úĥúۡ
˼˵ͷֻһ䵭ĳ誻Ҷб
˷ЦǵǳңǿʫˣҲᾪȡճ磬ȥ˿ɲ٣ʱúñ֣ҶܴӴˡ
˷ֹе׼µʫˣ
˼İɣ׼ˡ
Ǿͺá˷˰ֽһдôʫҲˡ
˼޵⡣
˭ôˣҲֻһһصĻ᣿
ǲʫд£ǿд˼ƪҲʫ˷˵ƽӹͨΣϱӿʫɲ١
ĹŮ÷ţΪܸͻ⣬ϱϸĦȫⱲӶ
Եֻһ±˷֣óʫҲδġЦЩŮǰƲպҪ֪ԼδдĶ
Ҷ衣
˼뵽еһɨա
ⱾʫɻٶҶʫأ

ȥ˻ˣʱһʫ
˵̫ϲҶֵ飿ʫַˣǰλµ飿
һиӣʱᡣ
飬ʲôʫˣʫһ飬ֱǷӻص˻
̫ȥλҶĽϸ˵̫
䲻ʲôʫ飬ֺˣ
Ҫֺˣ͵Ͷã̫ڹгȻ֪ҶĽͽ̫ҪĶˡ
ƨĵʵǵλ
ߣǸС
ǧ𣺡໰

 17 

Ҷ˼գۼŹ˼ʫ
һջƽֻһЩ˳ųȥŮǺ÷ţ˹˼дʫΪഫģһʱ֮䣬֮Ҳ˳ǧ֡
жкƲʫҲ١ֻиСѾ߹򣬺ҲѶʫ꣬ҶÿҪ飬ʹʫӦѯĿˡ
˶ˣˡ
СԼѾ߹飬Ҷ軹ںʱٹŮߵѾ߶ʫĵգһѾ飬ʫĻûڣһС㣿
лвˣ˼죬̿˹Ҷ侲ӦСʫѾˣɷҪ飿
ƿߡ
Ѿ֪ʧԣæעˣѹصС㣬ǼСһֱأ
ҶСˣҲҪƺˡҶ룬˵пУСңȥϡ
Ѿߵ׼ţи˲ѣ˼Ľ뿪
õȵڶգȻƻʱţҶ߳ӣ㿴ֽǴһϤͣš㶣ε˹ȥ
뿪֮ǰҲнõˣةǧֻǳºҶ跽ңԹ˲Ͼҵľ飬Ҳδ硣
ߵǰδڣ˱ѾȲƽಡٳţղܲ˳໰˵ɿȴؿ˼衱ֱö϶
ҶæƻԼҲ
衣ץ֣ۿһ¾ͺˣôôģô飬һ䶼˵ҲѰҡȥ˼㣬˵㱻˳ȥȥĶ֪
ʱ˷纮һ²ɽֻÿհڴϣǰøճʫҶǼʫдüãԼˣҶúһ˭֪ʹѾ߿˵˳Ĵ¡
ֻѾȥģɳ˵Ҷ費͡ҩ룬òҶѾ뿪ˡ
ѾҶ裬ͷӬĴˡ
һ뵽Щֹסصô飬ҲңҪҪ㣬޼ҿɹ飬ǾҼסҽӷָ㡣ȥôˣȴһϢҲݸңҪ޶һΪѾ뿪ˡ
Ҷǰཾһˣȴǵȥ顣һʣҪǼҶ費ԼޣŬסѾ˵ͷشˡ
Ҷ޶нӹӣϰΪ˲ᡣ
ҵĵסڳ⣬Ҳûʲôõĵġ

Ҷͷҵ׵
ǿп㣿˵ֻũƽʲôϰߵĵط˵ʲôæߴѾߣ޶Ǯ
ҶЦãֹĶ
ҵﶼǺˣҹ˳ģҲûʲôõġ
š
ġ
ðɣǾһء˶٣˵Ҹӣ㲻Ҫȥˣ޶˵㻹ڰ˼Ǹµʫ
һ룬ΪҶί
ҶЦʫúãƹˣҵĹǮ
۾βֺˡ
Ǹ޵ӣҲĲˡҶתƻ⣺ĻԹС
ٻ˶ŭةฮڣ˵ԵҶһЩԲȡˣ˵ҶʶҲǿҶ£Ͱǰá
ɲҶгɼἰͲˣ˵ǧһˣҲȥۼ˷˽Ҳûʲôƫƫ˵Ļ
Ҷв⡣
˿ɫŽ˵Ҫ˵飬ҲĴ˵ã˵øⲻʱʲôҲ֪Уȴһı֪˼ҪԼ
Ҳ˼úƫƫ˼ﻰⶼ˵ҶĲãΪҶѣǰЩ˵øࡣҶ轻ãȻҶΪˣ̵ס˼˵˵
Ź˼һʫǶԸ⿴ģԽԽ࣬ʵк棬Ѿ߹Ȼʫû򵽣ɾҵҶ裡
»ټ˼ߵڰףһҪȥ֣ر֤
Ҷݸˣǻû˵ڣȿ޵һͿˡ
۹Сô˵ҲعҶ˵һ˵òռݡô˵ҼȻ뿪˺ٹ꣬Ҳ˻ǵң˵ٶ࣬պҲ˼ǵá
ô˵۾Ҳģ뿪˺ôὫˡǰ£ǿ϶ǵãǰǱʫͺܺãҼСʱءˣҿ϶ǵãˣҾǣ˭ҲὫ˵ģ
Խ˵Խ˵ֹסĿԡҶæĺ󱳡
˺һɲ١Ҷ˶٣ţҵȷϲڵӡ
̧ͷ۾ģ˵ģ
ǧȷ
ǡǾˣҲܲҡСԹ㶼֪жൣ㡣
»ض㡣
䱣֤⣬ԼԹԲ
˵ɹ˼˵㣬ôܾôˣû׶Ų֪жɶ񡣡
Щ飬ѾҺ޹ϵˡ
ͲҪ𣿡
ҶЦЦ˵ٶ࣬˵ҲǴǰǸ裬ѾչˡʲôȫԺô뿪Ҳٻȥǣǹʲôģʲôϵ
ҡͷôûйϵ뿪˳ֻҪھǣ绹ܻ
˼ָҶ޸һɾٻصǵȦ
誡
ԼĲУǿˣԭƷѧǲһģ
裬ģû˳誣㻹ҰءҸ취
־·ϲûˣҶҲûˮ
˵䣬ҲҶڳſûȵңҶ
᲻뿪Ҷ費ٱ֤طſ䡣
ſڣ۰Ͱ͵صǡ㡣
ҶЦӦˡ
ȥ·ϣҶ˵ݡ
Ҷڳͷŵҹ·ĵģֻм¿ҹ粻ЪůƵĻԾͣȴӨӨ⡣
Ŀ᣺ҵѡ
䵭ҲǰЩٻ˿ǰҲ̫ʧˡ
ߣͬǿ
̫ӣһǮ·ӡ
ˣҵǮ㣡

 18 

Ȼ˵ڶһͷ
Ҷ軹Ҫæ£͵ڸĲ¥Ҷ˿йȥ
һˣȲص裬һϣˡ
ʲô
裬ʲôóһ顣
Ҷһ˳ǰǣͷǱʫҲһںûд
ǹ˼ʫǳĺܣⱾҲȻû˼ŵϤЩҲһʫָͷݣƣʫˡ
ôˣ
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ԲȡˣҲӲۼҶƺҪͶʴũŮģֻѲˡ
ˣæ˵ҶˣЩʱգ뾩иŮ죬ҶҪȥģ˵ҪֳʫƴʱҲȥֻҪгͷҲõˣ
Դֻз绨ѩ£ⶼǺòס
Ҷһ裬ˣ˹صҾòС
ΪβУ
磬ôˣҪĳϣҼҲݣҲˡ
кѣʱװҵѾߡ
СʫѾȴվͷ·ϣ
һҭ룬벻ˡ
ǳضյһǡҸӣҲʫŵģҵոһεӣһûء
ҶҡͷС츳ڣԶܼô̵ôʫȴǲеġ
ҲУҲУһ취Ҳ벻ˡ
ʧ̫ԣҶ谲ο˵һ仰뿪˺ҲǴӴ˻ķ˶顣ֻиҪ顣
˵Ҫ£𣿡
ҶûͷҲûҡͷֻ˵ϲˣô˵СĲѧĿõġٹЩʱգضڳϯϸСƣ㲻翴Сʫʡʱû˻
ϱŤŤܲԸ
˼˵ôҶĻȥ⽻ù˼ǻҶ裿ɺ侹˲飬˵۶̵Ļͣƫƫָ˾ž޵츳ӣΪѡ
СֹҲ
Ҷ赭Ц
ҹнգǧͬǧظձ˳ɾͣ츳ɲһʫֻǿͷպ˼ʲôɾͣҶ趼˵׼
ֻķ⣬жټ̣ΨԼ֪ʹвģ˾ˣķڷ
ʱΪһ˷˶࿴һۣΪ˳棬Ҳκʧά衣ûһУԼǸӹŶɵġ

Ϣݽǰӵ¾Ѿ̽Ҷ١ȻȥҶ裬ܲٽȫ¡
λǧʫҲޣϢһͽʫҲַŵһߣ
ˣʱҶҷŵһߣú顣
˵һصƣͻȻصǰһ಻㡣ù˵ֻδãʹϰ˵ڻˡһҲ֪ЩֿãЩ˰Լߵӣ£ϱӵʱҲ
ӷһ򣬽ߵ˶һְżһ£һ֮Ҷ衣
ҶһֱڽַмũŮҪѾ£ôط֡
Ȩƣѧ֤ͨ
һ룬ǰʺС
ճʺ󣬳ǻʵ۳㣬ٹҪڸ硣ҪӼǵûǰҲϯҶڹŮ֮дͷ
ʺʱʺ˵˴˶ûʫ¡
̫ƽæڳǲ֪ﾩǵ¡Ц˵һʫĺܣǳǧصѰʫǺá
̧̧üëĸǧ𣿡
˵Ҷ裬ʫãʫĺãҲȻ
һǸ
Ӹðͷһԭ
¾ûǰǸһЩ
̫Ҳ֪Щ£ʺϡ˵̫Ѱ̫̫ӻڲȫܾˣʱҲԱĹˣ֪λ
ɫ̹Ȼô飬Ҳжš
룺Ǹ˵ǰλ˼ǧ˵̫λˡ
ҿλµĳǧҲ˭ԭҰȴ츳ʱձسɴ˵𣬵ʫҪ̫֮ǰҾʺ˵ףʺ󶼾úá
ӻȻܾ
ȱȱɵһʫʱüͷ
Ȳ꣬Ȳϣù÷˵˭дʫ
ߣСһ~

 19 

ǰϲһˣȻйصĶѰҶЩʫģ˵ҲǷĹ飬ſھ¡
ԼвţǽǳޣԷĽҶָȫС޵ظ֮У֪
ȴڱ˿Ҷʫ
ڿ˵ǹ˼Ǹǧģ
ֱ壬ɫ£ùÿɷܽⱾʫ¿
вͬģһ߽ʫݹȥһ˵ҷþǹ˼ҹʫдʵǾҲֹףвٶˣˡ
˵˵̲סһ飬ҡͷζ
ӽʫӹϸһ顣ٶȺܿ죬һϸĦһĿʮУɿؽʫеʫ
ȻҵҶʫҲֹһףϸв١ҶģʫҲмЩӡΨ벻˭
ʫɲܣҶʫΪλ˵ʫ
ӽ鷭ҳɶ˶д˹˼֣
Ҷʫôͳģ
ǵ˵ó޵ףٹҶдʱҷƮҡҶижƽ֮󣬲档аݶҵĴϣҶ軹δдʫôͳ˱˵ģ
Ҷÿһʫÿһƪ£ǵҲǵʲôʱдҶĲѧڣɺ·ţдþԽԽ٣Ϊź
һʱ뵽ܣҶ뵽ǻʺ볤˵ع
˼λǰͷǸʫдãҵ£Ҳ뽫˽ú˵һ˵̾
Ϊʵ۳㣬ȵȥ磬ʵףӰȵλʱȺǻǣҹﶼܰߣҲҶΣʱʫд
һ뵽λǧϡ
˵ʲôҲֻλȻðŮ
ϱӿûЩ£ԭȻˣò
Ҷ軹δʫ˴˵ϣĪҲǸ֪ˣ
һصľ̫棬Ҳ϶֪ǰĳǷйǧ飬ֻ˼óʫ֪ľҲͬˡ
߳Ŀޣüͷ壬Ż
֮ˣҲһص֪˴˵ĵϸ˶ƭ˹ȥʲô츳ڣسɴǶ͵Ķ
鱾ϡ
µ롣
̫ô˵
λСҰ󣬶ʶѣôʫ龩ǣѧ誣Ҳ޷ڶ̶ʱһʫ
ʺ볤࿴һۣ˵Ǵǰµʫ
ѧҲصȵջظǰӦչ¶֮гŵѧӲ٣ÿһʱбԣҰŮҲв١˵λС˳ų˾֡
Ҳδ֮⣬ȴҡͷٵҲգұҪڸ磬ҲǼ٣ʱһԱ֪
ЦĳЩװùҲƭ˹ȥ
кѣʱʱ⣬ʵѧҲ˱û
ӳһԲ
˵кѣ
λǧﲻ֪˶ٱ˵ĶǼ˳⣬Ҳ£ͿԴҳʵĴ𰸡ддѵҲᱳ
˱˵Ĺԣѱ˵ĶռΪУֱ׳⵱Լˣ
뵽Ҷ衣
ҶʲôҲ֪ҪΪǸǧʫ˵ҲҲ֪ԼıԼĶ
ӵù磬¿ɷȥۣ

ҶսͲˣʱһҶ衣
ĹܼҸġҶ˵Ҫֽ㡣
ҶƲѡ
صУչһּİҶȿĩβһ֣㶣ʶǸ롣
ʲô׿ڶ˵ܼת
ٿݣʫһ£
Ҷ˶٣ðʶ˵ǹ˼Ǳʫ
ֻЩף˼Ǳʫʲôϵλ빫ҪҪʲô
Ҷɶͷԡ
ܲ˼ͷίҪ볤԰ɣ
뵽ܣҶЩסȻվƳҹɫͷع侲߬˻
Ӧ
λ빫Ӧֳ嶯ˡ
ߣ̫ӣ侲ı
*
ֶСˣź

 20 

Ҷ˯ǰ߬ͷװ£ҹû˯áڶһ磬洫˹
Ҷ¿˳Уȴδǰڳſڷֱ𣬶Ҷһȥ
ҶͲ˲ߴţŽӦҶ˼䣬֪ЩҶûλ빫ӡһʱȻԳӲ˵һ䣺ܷת빫һҪ
𾪵ؿλ빫ӣ
лλ빫ӣҶ˶٣Ǹһ
һ˵˾Ͷˡܼµˮ©ͽλ빫ӡ鶣ˡ˹Źֵؿһۣ˵Եȣҽȥͨһ
Ҷ裺
Ҷ˵λ빫еλͣ
ûãܼұ㼱Ҵҵ˳ʱһϲҶ
Ҷס
Ҷ˵ˣҪҡܼҵĻȻҶҲû˵ʲôܼ˵ҶҲǲɣ˲ڸУүҪҶ
£
Ҷ֪뵽ʲôʱŵؿ˹
үܼ򶨵زҶɡ
Ҷżǰˣǲ̫㡣
֪Ҷﻹ£Ҫȥ֪һᵢҶ顣ܼҰ֣λģүˣҶʲôֻүЩҪҶ˵û̫ʱ䡣
ҶҶһۣʣŮ˵飬Ƿ빫йأ
ǡ
ҶͷҶһ¡
ҶŲѣԭת˺üȦۼӰʧˣֻҧ¿ϡ
ܼҰ˴ǰҶڴԵȣȥү
ûء
˯㣬˽ʱЩջ˵ҶˣʱҲҵ飬æʰԼһ·һ·ʣǸҶôôɾˣ 
˵̫ӵµġܼѹ˵̫ӵ˵ֽΪ顣̫ӵ²ڣūүǰĻصذˡ
ڿһ䣬æȥǰˡ
Ҷɲһ㣬ֳ̫ŮɫΨǰǧ̬ڣȶ׵ܻܵƣ˵׼Լδ̫ɩɩˡҶ˹ϵպǻ˰̫ǰ˵û
Ҷ̬УôãǵȵҶˡ
֪үŮкҪ£Ҷ裺Ů˵үй빫ӵŮ˵
롭ԣԣǹġ

Ҷʣ֪빫ںδŮЩ빫˵
̫ӻģȻڹˣϳðһ飬ȥˣһʱزҲġ

ʲô飬뱾˵ˡֵͬܣȻҲǱ¡ż׷ʵƽѴ˭۸ͷϣЩ鶼˵ֻҪ˵һȥģ

ҶԵؿãðӦŮ¡
£ΪҪˣ
Ҷ費֪ǷҪó֪Ƿ֪£ֵ빫ӵһзƫƫģҲǸɿġҶΪѡ
˵Լ¡鶼һ飬ŻȻ򣺡ѵǳǱʫ飿
Ҷ߬үҲ֪ʫ
Ǳʫھﴫ÷зھ֮ѵв֪ˣ°ͣʣѵǱʫãҪԳǸ֣ȻѰЩ취Ҳʲô⡣

Ҷһʱԡ
ϵݣʼʡԼѲϻд˼βԸΪһ빫ӣΪʫ
˼ʫȫǵ˶Ѿϳʲôϵ
ҶҲˣ󷽷ݸŮ빫ӣΪ˴¡
ӹʱסһ
ЩʱŮδ빫Ӽ棬Ҳ֪빫ʲôҶ˵ǱʫܻӭŮ⣬үģܷ񡭡æȰȰ빫ӡ
ʵǸү빫ֻͣһЩҲЩ顣
ֱֿ壺˵ģ
иϹܼתġ
ЩҲû
ǡ
ĬãƳ
Ҷ󣺡ү
֪ˣ֮󣬱ͺúظ֤ģ±Բ㵣ġ
ҶͷˮȴϲɫԽʤҲ֪뵽ʲôе뷨زס
Ȼˡ
̫ӵ˽⣬ȻҶʲôҲû˵̫ˣ˵׼ʫͷ֪ԴȻ̫ãֱ񣬿ֱС̫Ӻͷɿ˲ٺϷӵġ
ƽ˳Ժ֣˵Цˣ
ϲ̵ʣ㻹ʲô飿ŶǵãջҪȥ£Ҫ㣿
ŮԼ
˵꣬ͻִϣǱɣһ·֪Σء

ҶĬĬտڣ˵Σջ֪˭أ

ҶãǰҶȳŮ󻹸һһµֱۡ
һӣһͼҡȣһɷģ
ҶΣ£Ҹڴ˴Ҳˡ
ûϵ˳·

Ҷ޻˵ȴûҶ¿
ϱһ澰һ¿ͷƽŰ˵Ҳûиǰ浲·ˣӸţǰշ׷ײĿ
¿ſͣʱҶͷ˿ߣĶӡ
һƹæ˺ͷɫţʲôϵǰ
Ҷ̾һһڡ
ƽΪƹҲɣֻ֣ض¿ɲʲôˣɵСЩ
Ҷ˳ͷ
СʫǰЩʱˣö˴Ҫ»ǰⱾʫͺˡƹ˵ּ꣬ææȥˡ
ܻͷҶصصһųȥȻδ뿪һλ˿ڽǡҶʱƹͷ󺹵Ȱܣֻ˭Ҳûп
Ҷ豾ߵһߣƳһۣһͣס˽Ų
ִģȻǳ誡
뵽ǰȥҳ誵鷳Ѱʵ顣Ǽûնײһ
׮׮һҶһ٣ֻͷĲˡ
ߣ̫ӣ׼ˣ
ʮȵȣҪҸۿһĻ
̫ӣ㣡

 21 

誻Ҳ⡣
ǰù˼ʫ𣬳һʫ͵ҡ誱ǲ뿴ģĿԽԽ࣬Ҳһۡʵʵ˵ʫЩʫдĵȷǺá
Ҳ˶ѡ
оޣɼܲס˼Ѱδҫ𣬳誱£Ҳû
ƽµ͵ǫҲǫ飬ӲŪΨ˼ԼĲѧΪʫ֮󣬽мεļֻ޲ʫȫһ顣
Ҳ֪ǲǳ誵ĴǱʫҲԼ˵ӰӡֻǸо벻ͷҲû
Ϊ˱ܿ˼ҪΪ׼Ǻúö飬֮лֱͣһ飬ұ˼鷿ҲҲѰҡ
˭֪
δ߽۷׷ףֻԼԼ˵һѾãϡ档ԩ·խܿҲһǰ档
誶ٸͷۡ
Ƶؿϻر˵պҲҪұ鷳
ΣĳֻҪһЩѡ
˵ĺ˭֪ͷô롣ЦΪ飬Ϊ˹
ɻ󣺡ʲô
ϻĶԻе̧ͷƫУĿúõ䵽˽䴦Ҷϡ
Ҷ裺
Ҷг̾һԶԶضͷʺá
誶ʱɫ䣬ʶ̧ҪǱȥĶҪһЩһֺֻǰ
˹˵úлϣɼˣǺЩͽһصñ˵ˣȻĲбҲҺñȻĽƱ磡
ҶĶ㵽˽Χܵڵ˿Լ
誵׷ͣϣջߣٿĿ֮Ҳ̽Ϊλ
·
Щûͣ£˵һķ¡֮У֮ȴֻһλ誵ɫһ±
ԣҲ뽫Ҷǣһɵвסм尾Ǵм˻²飬пɲ޵á
̧°ͣ⣡

ǡǡսȭͷŲԼǱ߿ȥ
ȥľȥģкιϵ˵㣬׼㵽
˵ЦˣҲ¿ģѵ»ܾȥģ
˭˵Ǳģ󣺡֮ĪǶҼҵģȻҲҵġ
ЩЦˣͷһۣҶȻûгΪǶִ֮Χ۵ҲԽԽ࣬ת뿪
ӵ⡣
ҡȣƹ˹ţλǧ
ƹӦ÷ࡣ
Ҳˣƹ񲻽̾һҶ橴ܺ߳һʫܵ˵䵽ϡ
Ҳ̾һ

誴𾪻صС
̤븮У˱ϲɫص誣ȥˣ㣬ûء
һ˼֣誱üͷ
ﲻ֪ʲô뷨Ц⣬Ǳʫھǿǳĺܣ˭˶˵áƣҲǰǸ㲻˵ϲòѧҶл˵Ҳúϲã
¶ᷳҲʲôû˵ֻŸձķȥ˹˼
һ˼һֽǰӣһʫָ̡
ȴûһ㣬Цӯӯʣҳ֮ǰصظ￴ˣҲ˵ʫдĺáӣ㿴أ
ȻѾ֪ˣαң
˼գգۣɫ糺죺ҵȻҪӵﻰ
ҵﻰ͸֪ҵ˼ޱ˵
˼ɫһʫҲ
Ϊ˺úദصؽ˶ˣԼҲûй鷿֮бֻǶˣҲû˵Ӱӡ
˼߷߲ʣΣҲǳδȢŵӡ
課أԴӼȡһȥ
˼ĵ׷ϣĵ㲻Ҷ裿Ӧ֪ԭеЩǴ͵ߵġ˵ԭвҲѵдʫȲҶ𣿡
֪жãֺαȽϣ
˶˵Ϊºǫѷɹ˼ȴԼģǴ˵Į顣
ԽҶȽϣԽġѾϻԼ׵ҲҶһĲмϱӵҶֲȻûУǳΪֻϲҶ裬ȴϲ
˼˵ҶΪʲôҲΪʲô˵ͰˡԺҪ޸ңҲ
һӴ˳誵ʹ
۱ֻۣŰģֻҪһ뵽ҶǣҶ軹Ǳвȣʹ
鱾վ
ɫǷĵУ˼߶ϣ̲סһ
ΪηҪȣ˵ã˭ҲȲȻģҲزҲţֻҪͷ̾˻ԼԸ𣿡
ҡ
ȻԸ⣡˼ɫ䡣֪δǰ;ֻҪ˳誵ӣԺٻĽȻѾ֪÷ſ
˵Ҳֻ˼ʫ˿˼䣬ͽ㡪
ʱȻɶ飿֪һƪ½ʲô
ʲʲôȡ˼ƲͷȥʶӦû
ûЦһ£ºͣЦֻ֮༥кβͬʱӲ˭

Ǻ飬Ҷ֪˵٣ڽ֮ǰϲӳҵİֻȴǰ
˼ʣأ
ûлشֻȥӰԼ˼
˼߬еֽʫһš
ûҶûеʱʶıңϲҲҡԽ˵Խ㣬ͦأᶨضԳ誵ҾӦ˻飬ǵˣٹգҾҪȥϯһﾩǡ㿴ţԺʱҲ˼ǵԺҲֻһũ֮Ůˣ
誻شҼʱδĳ
˼һҭֽ¡
Ҷ裡ôҶ裡

ӹгʱ߸ϼ
ڳŹǰͣſڣȻµˡ
̽Դ嶼ҵ⡣
ҶҶʹ֣˸߲ҵصҸ˻
ߣ̫ӣȭ
һϷݻ̫ӣˣ硭

 22 

ǻƻ裬ǵв٣һðͷ˲˵ע
ҶһƧ˵ҰΧ֮ڣֲǵ̸
֪Ů˵Щʲô
˳صҶҷš˵˵ʱȻ̫ݣǰҶ軹֪ææĿڣҷšӵ˷ɸ봫顣
ɸ봫飿빫ӵģ
ҶĳˣȻȥҶˡ˷ɸ봫ȥֽӵ˷ɸ봫飬һӵϢҶˣ
˵̣жôʵһ˹̵ڹţڻʵۻʺǰֺԴһգӼʱûһʱ
һʱȻҶѯ˵ˡ̫ӺԴ²⣬ҪҪҶ֪Ҫȥϵ顣ٸʵףȴֻõ̫һ仰˵ҪҶֻع
Ҳ֪ʲô֪к飬̫Ӷ˵ˣҲС̫£̫ӷԸ¾ǣදԴϻǸ̫鷳ָȥʺгһ̸㣬ͣظ̫ɽǰסҶ衣
ѳ˵ˣŶҶ֪ҲֻЩˡ
Ҷż׷ʣѵûȰȰҪĳϣ빫ͽģʲôô빫ӵİΣɾͲܱ֤ˡ
һյϢˣʱȰ治ɫص˵УĵҪȥǱȰסģһ͵͵ȥˣס
Ҷҡͷ¼Ȼ빫£ʱ䣬빫ЩʱʱϯҲɢˣ빫ӾʲôҲС

ʾ֭˵⡭˵Уʵǲġ
£
ʱʶȴͷһؿһġЩΪҶ㡣ɾظֳ˵ûΪҶص飬вӦĵ
ҶȻ
˵빫ǷԼĶ飬⻰빫׿˵ġɵҲ֪Ƕʲô빫δᣬǶ˵Ĺϵ
Ůֵ빫ðգȰȰ빫ӡ
Ҳصġ˵ҵ׹ùãǳ£ҲܰŰ˱£֤һëġ
ҶǼ֣°æ
û취ˣ룬ֻѹ͵͵˼ȷ顣Ҷ䲻֪ʲôǸ嶯ˣ¶ı󶯡ʵķϣҶȥһأ۳ɹҶ˵޻
˵ҶʵڵģΪβȥ
Ҷ˶٣Ŀ¶̽ʲô˼
Ǳ׹ùãȻȥȥ˭ȥʹ˭ȥ˵̫ӷԸĵڶ£ֻҪҶ룬ҲԴҶ︰磬ʱҶȰˣҶԼ˼

˵꣬ԾгʮջҶӦ
̫ӽˣ˵ˣҶǲȥԵ̫һ
˭֪ҶĬã侲ʣ֪µ˼Ůʲôݸ磿
һס
һȥУŮլҶһľ룬˵Ů޴⡣
Ŀɿڴ
æҡͷŵԴγӰûûûǸ˼
ǸʮӣҲҶ̫ӿϵ˳ְ
Ҷ费ͷ˵Ȼ²ԸæŮ취лת棬ɫŮȸˡ

쳤֣ȴûסҶ裬ԽԽԶ˳ſ¿󲻼Ӱ
ع񣬶ʱһ
²ã̫ӽ黹ûأ
æ֮Уߴٳ򣺡죬Ҫٽһأ
򲻸ҵ飬æޣݣ
һ·𼱻ͣܽӸմ깫˹ʪϵīûȣſľսؿĶֻԼСҲǿ鲼̫һȥǡ
߶µغһ硭
̫ӳĿĳ

ȥ˳
ùþٰϯĿΪ˽ʫģƽﾩܣüҲ˴ϯģȴʹǰһޡ˵ҲͲţв΢ȴԶŮӣֲܵڱԣҲ֪ı߱ȽǹùҲЩȤЩ
˼Ƭֵ̣ǰλԭҲ˵ʮģҶ£δۼһᣬҵ֪ǰǸǸĸһЩ
Цùõġ

Ҷӵһ
͵֮⣬лвյ
ƹʮ̽ҲȫץһֹģҶûйЩ˼
֪ǲаæʱǰæ
ûԭæ취볤ˣٻ鷳Ҷ軹ЩԥµãҲȥ˭æͿ˳Ľȥ
һУҲѶǻϲºˣһȥĲѧȻϴͷ
˱Ҳʲô
ɲ˵ԭ֮УҲдá¶ȻҲ֪Ĳѧڣص㡣ֻϧһãس˿϶Ҳȥ㵽ǶҪǡ
оԹȣѾǸˣΡ
͵͵С˵˵˼͵شͷȻ˵ʫȴĺáӮ϶ǿԵġ
Ҷҡͷз磬̲
˱죬Ҳ֪ƴҪҶҲ׾١ֻ˵ǡǳûҲãǵʫ֮󣬴Ҿû㣬ö˶㡣
Ҷȴûϡ
뿪ôãҲֻһǰڹЩԻͣŹ˼ظĻǧǧ𣬳˭֪ѡһá
ϯգҶصƹ˼١
صζ׼ˣةฮᱻ˿ȥ
ʱҶԾپȵߡϵĹŮ˾꣬ͷС
Ҷɫ̹Ȼݳ֮Щ̽߾͸ˡ
̤ţڱһ¡չ˼ҵˡ
ҶʶͷȥȻһͣ£Ѿӣ˷ʢװĹ˼߳ĿɨΧ̧֮۳߿
ԶԶģ߽ӡ
Ҷᳯʾ⡣
ߣ̫ӣΪ뻢Ѩ
̫ӣϲˡ
̫ӣãˣԿױˡ

 23 

˼û뵽Ҷ衣
˷һ߽ȴƵƵҶǱ߿ȥҶһһةŮݷ˽õҲǳдԱķˣҶԱߣ˵Ҳ䵽ϣϵҶ˿ɲ٣ЩѾҶ轻̸
˼һпУ߬ӡ
˷һӦ˹̸ķˣˣ˼æյ˷ߣΪҶҲˣ
˷Ҳˣϣֻ˼ޱߵҷ˵αȥǰݼҵѾͷϵãǸݼġҶαȥֻҪúñ֣պұֻ֪Ļںδ
ǡ
˷΢΢ɫѵȻѾ뿪Ȼ޹ؽҪ֮ˣڣ˭ῴ
˼˵г誡
ҶȽϣڳ調УҶƣҲȲϡжٲʣѾԼĶȫ˻Ҷδ򶼱ˣҶʲôûˣΪγ誻ţ
δУѾ誵Լˡδװˣȴްڣ಻ʣҲֻ뵽Ҷʵٵ³ʹһЩ
Ҷôܳأ
磬ıͶѫҶѾǴǰĺǧһũŮƾʲô
˼о衣
ҪҶ೾޷ĿܣҲٶ࿴ҶһۡҶ΢Ȼصԭλã͸ӹӹµµȹ֮⣬һ㲻е뷨ҲСҶҪᷭô죿
裬˼ڿ㡣С˵
Ҷûлͷڳ˲٣˼һųˣŮ죬УûҪҵ빫ӡ
֪빫ӵʲôںηҶнȴö˵ԱС˵Żע⡣
ʱ仺ȥıҲࡣ
ݷ˼ˣʱ߿ˡһߣֻʣһߣЩߺȻöźۼͣҶϡ
̧ۿȥԼ¶ԥƺǲ֪ǷҪ׽Ҷߵɨ䵽ϡϵĿһģɰЩ˺ÿ̫ࡣ
ȹǹ˼
׻ûסһҵ˹
Ҷ衣˼°ͣӶ˵ø߸ߵģӸµؿǲΪλɲĵط
һ뿪ΪҶͷͱһġͷҶһۣץŵģ˻ȥ
С˵ЦˡҶ費ɫŮΪβ
˵Ϊβ˼ЦȻ⣬ӦҲ֪ʲôϣΪС㣬͵͵ûû˷֣ɭϣһˣֻҪȥ븮˵һ̾ͻᱻϳȥ
Աߵ̲סȵس˼ȥ
Ҷ˶٣̧ͷʣСΪģ
С㣬͵͵˴˼°ͣ͵ةฮҲֻݷСˣ㲻֮УԼǰѾ˰ɡ
ҶɫŹ֣Ѿߣ
һԼ
ζ׼ģݲͬձҲǴƽŮӣ粻˼䣬Ȼ򵥣Ҳʧׯأûӡ׼ĶȻҲһۿѾߣ
˼֪뵽ʲôϱ֮ɫŨԭҲں˵ڹһЩҲȥ˸ϵѾߡŶˣǮԼûѾ߸ߵġֻҶƽɵעЩʹϵǺӡ
Աɫˡ
СƣΪŮ롣Ҷ˵ΣǹСкβɣ򳤹µ뿪£Ů˼
˼ЦһҲ̫Լ˶£ôһũŮֻҪ븮Ȼ
ͣͣϸ۲Ҷ飬ȴûϿ޴룬Щ
ҶĬΣε̾һ
ûסи£ڵǳĿˣȻᱻϳȥ
ʲô˼һ㶣ŵתͷȥʲô룿
ѵ㲻֪ǰգ˾вٳƽȴֳǳġԼ뻹⣺ɲװҵѾߣǳĲѧģ
ڡѧּĲˡ

˼Ҳ¡
ҲûǼ˭ھгģлˡ֪ҪֳʫԣҲ׼ԽҲԽ졣
˭֪Ҷ边ȻҲڱ֮У
ôôõ
˼ǿŽзڵĺѹ£Ϳ˵ޢָ¼״ۼŬƣ¾Ҫǰʧ̬
Ӳ˵Ҳֻðˡ
Ҷף磬ȷŮҡ
˼ҧһ´Ƴϲزסĸˣ˵ʲô׻˼ةǧֻò뿪
ԭλ˷ʣ㷽ȥģ
˼ֻǰ˵Ŀ𣿡
ǧȷ˷˰֣Ѿ׼ؽš
˼Ȼ侲ˡ
ٿҶ裬ͷ˵ʲôвЦ
ȻҶ⣬ҪҶ迴š׼ʫвٶҶģҪҶʫΪԼҶʫҶڽŵףֻһ룬оʹĺܡ
Ҷݣʮĺǧ輸ʫĲҲҶǷġ
Ҫ־͹֡˭ݴԵģƫƫأ
˼һӣĵذ
Ҫ˵ˣҶ裬һЩ

δشһ˵Ż
мѾߴҴææ˽˶С˵һʲôС֮һӱЩ֡
ݷѺ꣬ʱҲˡ
СʣǳҪˣ
ǳ¡ݷӲŮߵĵм̫ˡλµͣ棬ǳȥӵģˡ
ҵŮ춼вδ޵Ĺ
̫δЩͷģʱ˼Ѿ


 24 

ⳡϯμӵĶŮ죬̫ΪУϯ֮У˭ڴ˴ϯϲͷȻλע⵽
ҪǱ̫У̫
в˶һ˼죬ٿˣҲ͵͵˼ӡ
ڻ԰ԱһС¥ڴ˵ܿ»԰ˣȴֲ˿ϯʼ֮Ǳ߹Ůʫܳϯδʼλֶӡ
̫ҲͰˣôⷬ£ϡصƽ飿ڹʱҲÿÿҪ̫ںͷ㡣ôû㣬㻹ˣ
ƹù˵ģԭǲ飬ɽղͬ˵ɲʫĵģϷģ
뵽˴͵͵̫һۡ
̧߶ϣתͷһصҪۼô˿ɲףҲǹùа취ŹùŮ˹ⳡʵѵһ֣ǲƣǿϧˣ
ЦЦֿ̫ӣҲǣƽɲЩ֡ĸصضңЩú࿴ѡعɵüǵø߻ʺ󡣡
ӣ
ӿ˵ܵһۡ
Ȼشӻͳһ˵ŹùýҪʫصػȥ˼ʫ׸ùáȶмʫдüá
עȻתƣҲˣ
ùÿɱСңΪ˸ùⳡ磬Ҳصض˺üء˵⣬͵͵̫һۣӵɫֱòˣ񳤹һ档
һ߽ʫݸһи̡
ʫģȻ̫Ӹģ
Ҳ֪̫Ǵʫڳſͣǰ̫ӺȻ˽˹ȥⱾʫתȥˣ̫ȴװǲ֪ӡ
ʵʵ̫ӵķԸ˵ʲôʫʸ踳˳۾ǺˣҲֲûɹùǶãùҿ׺òãǺãͷҲҪĸǰһ䡣
ʱ£̷
Ȿʫȴûпȷмдüãϸ꣬ϲҪǶ˷ͷһߣʱһ㶡
裿
״ƲʵǾλ
Ҳǡɵǳǰλ
ǰλ˼Ƭ̣ʣùýǷҲ
ѾߣѾߵ͵ҶУҶѾˡ
ٿʫʱЩһˣŹ˼ҵĹѧڣ鴫ҿҲλ
նԹ˼ۼ˭óһȡ
΢΢һЦ˵ɣùҲǶ˱һ˭Ƚߵ
ȺλѧˣҲδ˶ɫǻ˵ţæԸѾߣ֪ǷҶʫȥҡ
Ѿߵæȥˡ
ʫԽԽϲһʱ᲻÷¡ֶֻӣһͷΣֻһ̫
ץִϸϸˣ̲ס˵ͣʫ͸ˡϻؿǱʫдʫǺãһδĹ˵̫һЩ׵ãϸ͸ġ
Ц
Ҷдʫǰúܡδʱ£ƽǲҲֻڹ֮УʫϡԺҾ˲£ƷҲһٺҶͲдʫˡ
˵ǺʫһЩɳ֮д٣ж˼ŽԼʫʣҲʺڽϷ
ʣùýմ㶨ʲôĿ
ѾĿ˵꣬ʫЩ᣺ʫδʼҼõʫ֮ûдñãЩź
ȻˣùΪβĿ
Ŀ
ĿͬñȽϡùҪ׸õʫ綨´ʫͬĿ˶˼ҵλǧڴ˴ù뿴λԣҲλӵ˵ʫλҶдܱȴǰá
ǰһ˵
ֶͻĿͶ£㣿
ĿǼ˶˭Ҳ֪һҲ˴š˵ʫдգ԰аٻʢӦ˾
ף˵˼ڴĻ
ܿ㵽ϯʼʱ
׼뿪Ѿ߹˵˼䣬϶ϲɫˣ
棺˭ˣ
ǶˡæλϡͣҵȥӲźá

бͶ֮󣬺ܿ㵽ϯʼʱ
ʱ߻һλţɳʮӣǵŴ˵֣Ŵһͬ
Ҷһ񣬸ԶԶģ̲ס࿴һۡ
Сߵ˭
Ҷͬȥǰ粻٣ɴδλˡ
ݷ̬ׯСӦǶˡ
ˡ
δݣȴ˵ٹڶ顣ӸǰسλȨأáڶĴŲ٣˵ȴԡ
Ź岻ãಡ齣شϯҲٳżͣҲֻȼݷҲһ棬˳
ݷо棺ϲ֣Ҳͳӣܽ
һߣ˼ҲС˷˴
˷ɫŹ֣Ҳ˵˴ݡ
˼Ȼ
ϱҲ˵顣ھԺգȴȻɶλߣȴյģϥ²ŮǹûãӾͱ°ߣ䲻˴ܴԴһ겻ֱ˼֮ǰδ˵һϢ
ôȥ˵ʬǶɻˡ
볤һλɫڲݣҲ˵ŻһЩ
ôأѵÿӦҳţɽ֣Ҳơ
ʵ۵ǻʱΪʵ۵ҰΪʵ۳Ҳ˲ٵˡʱʵ۽ȥŽ˿ӡ֮󣬻ʵΪھΣͬܣռв֪жˡ
ĿɨˣഺٵĹջߣ֪뵽ʲôƬ̣ųףմ˵µĹ⡣
ɵ̾һæŮʹһɫʼյʫᡣ
Ѿǰһ˶֮󣬲Ź˴˴ʫ⡣

˼гĿ֮ȴһŻŵسŹ˷˿ȥ˷Ҳȡ
ôдգ
˵дѩ
ߣ죨壩VŶV~VҲᾡ˫ӡ
˵˫Щƪдøⲻ˳֣ƽʱǧֶдСʱٷģ˫Ҿ͡ûдʮǰһڡ
дĲףҶ֧λϰͷˡ

 25 

˴ϯʫ, ÿһλǰһ, īֽȫ˭дʫƪ, ֻҪǵ˹ʫߣʵǰ
μʫĶδĹ, ݷ˵ȱһߵȴڴҵͷдʫʱԽ, ǵķͷʫд֮, ǱҪ볤һƷ
ܿ˵һдʫ, С塣֮˵, ˶
ʫóܳʫҲ͵С¥
ûˣҲͲڣȲʣ, ʫʼ, ʱ֣
ӳŵż
żżĿɲ, Ҷءس˼, ˵ҪΪ㣬ҶŲᵽ, 㲻, ҶͷĲ£Ҫƴ˵, ʫдˡ
ӳĬؿ˵ܵһۣջߡ
һС죬¿ȥ԰е˿ʲôӣȴܿȺ֮Уһ۾ͿҶӰֱ壬˹ĥīԶԶģŵģ
Ӵǹ𣬵ɲ㡣
֪Ҷ裬ΣʱҲ侲š

ſڣ벻ԼΪֱңֻñ͡
ڸߴ۲Ƭ̣ſ˼
Ѿкüʫˣλǧȴû
˼ȷЩš
ץëʣٳû±ʣӶԭ׼õʫʱĿһʱƬӿհףһҲ벻
˼ͷŵʹ˷ˣĿôˣ㲻˵ǧȷ𣿡
˷Ҳû뵽ȹ˼侲æŮĪţҲͻˣĲѧǼ˷ӣҲȱ˲侲Щú룬ʫ
˼ҧ´
вʱ˰ʫȥʫҲһһףμӵĹŮױʫ飬ƽǾʫˣ԰оã˶С˺üΣŶ߹˷˰Ļ侲
˼ʶؿҶһۡ
ҶĥīʱѾ˸壬ʱѾддһʫΪ̫ͷҲ־֮󣬱ԱС
˼ֽ˳ǰ᲻ƿˡ۾еҪ֪οҶ裬³˵ʲô֮ԡ
Ը⣬ҲòϣҶĲѧڹŮ֮ٮٮߣܼ
һӵʫ붨һˡ
ȷɿ쿴꣬󲻽̾һһ̾ȴЩƣҼʫдĲǰĶãΪҪ̾
Ǻãȴá˵֪ż֮ǰҸտһʫдǼõģҲλҶдգǰȴ˲٣ŵǲ׾
λҶ
æ˵˳ǧ¡ԭչˣǳĹСӦ˵ֻ뿪˳Ҷˡ
˵ҲɣҲҶ֪˵ǸŮʱ䣬Ǻ񻹻ţҶһ͡
Ҷ˻˴£æȥʫҶָԼرõʫȻҶ˵עܿͱת˹ȥϸʫ
ֱһʫȥ˼ջߡ
ûУԱ߹˷ʡ
𼱣ˡ˼Ҷһۣɵù𴽽ǣʮպī
ҶԭȵҲˣʫҲδ˵ʲôȥʫԭȻҶͷھͲõˡ
ҲǶҶ裬˼׹ڴյʫ
˼ʣһǳɣܿдһд֮ʶڳһ£ʫԭҲڴ˴ץëʿ˼ڤ롣
Ρ
ļǵãʫҲҪٹдġ
˼ع𴽽ǣʫʸ˷˿㿴Σ
˷˽ӹϸϸȴü˵ǰдȣЩȲϡ
𼱣һкüء
ⳡʫɲǽһ׾ͽˣһףǵò١
˱ռһصƣҲЩۡ˼żԭôۣȵһˣŸӡ̡
ǱߣҲõ˹˼ʫ
֮󣬹ȻҲЩʧôλ˹Ҳˣ
Ҷ˻ڻζŷſʫ˵ʣλ˹ҲʲôԨԴ
ǰøճһʫǲ֪ʫдǼáʱ£æ˽˼ʫҲ˹ʫһδµСдġҲǴǰ˲ٿͷ
һ䣬Ҷ˹Ȼ£ҲǼױܳ޵ʫ֮ٿ˼ʫȻò˲١
ҡҡͷʱ̫̣һʱ벻õġ
ɲ˵дʫһ˶ǰˮ׼ҲӦȴǰ̾һҲǽʱԡ
ҶЦЦ𷽲Ǳʫ
Ĳǹ˼ģҶġ˵ò˼ǼʫдǺãȴ̫ء꾭£ЩһֱѻĽڣҲЩǣʫġһλҶʫдǴڰٻʢȻĻ԰Ҳá
̲ס࿴˼飬ҲˣٿҶǲãֻǵһĸоԱ̫ƽӹ
ѵóҶҲ˶飬룬Щͷ
ͷ
˽ܲ˸ֽʾҪдʫŲƽƽвͷ²˳ŲͷҲдʫҲʫ˼ 
˹ǰһ
Ƭ̣Ѿ߽Ըһȥⷿȡ
£üͷŰֽ˼ڤ룬ȴδٿҶ裬ȴѾëʣһƵذˡ
裡ˣеôдˣ
Ѿдˡ
дҲдҲδ˵ʱͣ£ƣȥôʫȴʲôû˵ǻûҵġżص㿴˼ûͣء
ҶӣƤٰϵİɫ˿綼øɸɾݵдٶ඼ˣձͷӣдٶ࣬Ҳвȥ
ֱǺɸ֣ȴ޿κΣֻܷ߷ȻУʿ롣ݷԣΡ
ûһȻͣˡ
Ѿһǰһ˷ľУ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥľУͷȻһ׾ͷ棬ʯ͸ϸ£ֻһֵۣ֪ǡ
һһдδ̫Ȥʫ˵ߣվǰӭսˣ˭ʫдãӮҡ
˵Ŀⶼ䵽˺йʶĿͷϡ
ڳŮ죬ܲΪƯζģ˵δĹ˵ҷҲĶ
˼̲ס࿴˺üۣ᲻ƿߣ˷˸ѹг״͵ĶɱֻӮʫá
˳ֵۣóʹͣǻʵ۵׽㣬걸ܾأгھߡ
˼һ۾֪ԼĻᵽˡ
ߣһ

 26 

С¥֮С
Ѿߵת, զࣺҼǵû, ƺǸʴ͸ùõ, ùһֱ᲻óվ˴󷽡
˵꣬, ȴûȵ̫ӵĻӦæתͷȥ, ˵
˵ʲôӿŵ»԰Ӱ, ͷҲأ㾪Щ, ϧǱߣôԶ, ֻܵ˽ʫҲûۿ⾫һĻ
һ㶣֪ػع
ѽһְƨµŲ, 㡭˵Ҫҿ, ʲôʱУ
ӹ𴽽, ŵ, ˡ
԰֮Ѿ˱ͷҲжԼѧŵ, վǰ, Լʫȴ˵ս
ضдֽʶ, ҶԱȥ
ûվǰȴսĹŮֻŹ˼ŵع۲һһ
裬˵ʱʣҪӦȲɡ
ҶҲ˹˼һۣǧѾ˲ߣһԾԾԵؿǰ棬ԱߵĹ˷Ҳˡ
ջߣˡ
Ȼûȶã˼վ˳
ﻹǵü׹ڴյʫʱóȴָ
ǵõЩʫڳŮںԺдѧҲĻ԰빤ؽ죬ɫ˼Увͷ̼ڴģѾüʫȥ
˼ţԾǽŵĳһѺ
žϸѡһ׺ʫ˳ͷһʱ˸վս
˷ڳУ̬ׯܵ˵Ľֵ΢΢̧ͷĿǽ
ԭȻźˣ
Ŀ֮⣺ĹǲӦսյӮӦˡ
λҶأҶ˷ʫĹﶼվˣҶѵ
˵ʫҾͺ˼ҵλﵽ˭һЩ˵ܼҿҶ˵ǾñȲϣŲԸɡ
ҵá
پϡ棺ѵ
Ҷ˲ԣḧֽҳԵҲʫеԽԽϲ
ǽѵóȴòĹĺ£ľ̲סЩԼҲһСҲӦ֡
˼վ棬þûеȵǰսе
Ӯ˰ɣ̲סʧƽڳҲʫҲ౾ôʫȴһҲˡ
Ҷ赭ΪСʫдõȷá
˵ʹŵˣƫƫټĲŻ䵽Լϣʹ˼дǺʫҲְֺޡ
̾һݷεһŮϵʧ
ڣлһվ˳
Ҷ˲ĿȥòİҲͬӦһƽŮӱˡ
һֱ壺ϵã
Ҷݷתͷ
壬ھкǳģǿδӦҲ˵£ƪָʺﶼ޹̾Ҳãǰ¥һ棬ĲŻǵ漫õġ
Խ˵ԽĻֹҶݷˣڳ˶ˡ
һ˵֣˾Ͷˣȥ꣬ȷһλĹһĳӽַʹʹڹ֮УҲ˵֡ͷһؼˣĿ棬Ҳ̹Ȼ˵Ĵ
˼Ҳ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
ҲϵλǲݽȴԼĲѧŮΪϱʫ֮УҲʫ
¡
ǵһдյʫʮֳɫȻһʱ벻˭ɼǵûĻҲǺǲ˭Ҳûϵ˽գԺˡ
˼ŵص롣
ŮͲˡ˼Ƭ̣㽫õʫ˳
ʫд԰о£־Ѿ԰ӣһĿ¶
ֱһ˵꣬ѾץסҶֵ֣άű侲еļѾ
ҶûԼҲȥˡ
˫۷Ź⣬˵˺üãʫдǼ԰ﲻ˼侰£ʫһ˵ƾͳסĵط԰ӿʮ꣬ٿ·Щͬˡ
岻꣬ӦĿޡ
һʱҲۿ֮˷׷׵ͷ̾
ҶʫԱһԳҿǸǧ¡
ʮϲǣҶʫãʫҲãұΪϯʼ֮ǰѾ㹻õʫûּȼȷǲֲ١
Ҷ˵һǸϲҶġ
ʫһд԰о£һ辰⣬ɶдüáҶС˼꣬ȵʱЩ
Ҷ˵꣬ڴسŹ˼ȥ˹ɶԵó

ɳһᣬ˶˹˼˷УĿС
ȼȣ磬ʣҲѾдõʫˡɹ˼ͬʫھǴ飬ڳ˶ĲѧԭȵʫôãмȣҲڴóĸá
ڳôУȴֻй˼亹
ô
ôźã
ԭȵȷг񣬿ȴĻˡ
׼ԼﾩǵʫȻǰ˵ˣ
˼Ҳʫ˭û뵽Ȼǰ壡ҲͰˣΪܱǰǰдʫ
ʫдǳ԰ľ£ʫദʵϣǼ֮ĳգ屻뵽киж仯ȴǰʫд˳
ɹ˼֪Щ
ɫ԰ףԶԶ˷˵߶ϣҲ˹˷еĲż
ԭĵ֤˵ȴ
˼߬ڣųǰ˷ﾩǵ£ȴҲ޷ġ
γ磬ĵ·ܲͷĶȻҲܳͷѽͷԼ֮ôܸȥ˵ʯ˿Ц
ôأ
ȥҸʵʫ
ԽżȴԽհףһҲ벻
˼Ŀɨˣ˵߶ϣ紥һ㼱æƿͣҶϡ
Ҷһ侲û¶ڴҲĳĬŶЦ˼ȴøѿ
ΣҲԸҶǰ
˼кһץסˣ
侲ųһһʫ
Ӹˣ
˼ЩɬԽԽҲһ
ҶһʫʫһҲʮֳɫ˷ҫǵҶʱҶ貢δóӦûд
ȻҶ軹δģǲģ
˼֮꣬ɫأǰ壬·ѾĶӵĳ̬
ȴûһʱбв˱ɫ
Ҷ˶ʫһۣоȥ󲻸ŵһ飺˹ʫᣬҪʫġ
˼Ҽ˶
ɫһ˵дʫ
ǡ˼ǫصһʱ鼱ижЩ֮¼¡

ſڣоȣ˵ԭжڴжãȻһʱ֪˵
¿˱ķӦ
صһӣһĵԼۿͨ졣ݷקһ£վ
˵ˣ鼱֮£ۿתҡҡ׹˲Щѵһֱ˼ȥʫ
ҶһԣʱҲ˴̧ͷ˼Ŀϣ
ߣ
Ϊ߲дʫʫݾʡorz鷳Բһ£˵һ׷ǳţƵʫǧһͬţƵһʫȭ
һQAQдһˣ춼ˣҳŲסȥ˯ˣ˯дԼߵӣ

 27 

Ļһ, òٹŮҲ̲ס, ׷ײͷС
ϸϸ, ˼Щ۰ΧŵĻ˱˵Ķһʾ, οǵô˵汻ʡ
˼սָ֣ݽĵ, ʹĴ, ҵʫ, Ϊ˵ⲻҵģ
˼ЦһǴӺˣȻĻ, õó֤ݣ
ҪҶԼ˵ٹŻдʫ
Ļ߸ίĲ, ſڻҪ˼Ļ, ԽԽ, ۿ֮дתƲסҶ轫ס, ӻͳһӶ˻ȥ
ȹ, վߵǰ档
ͷҶ˵λҶˡ
Ҷ˲࿴ۡ
СҲΪŮͷ, 鼱֮»в֮¼¡Ҷ賯񣬶ų˼ȥŮ, Ůм仰ʹС㡣
ʮ侲̬ȴ󷽣ֻǴụ̆һ䣬ƽ͵üĿ絶ù˼ʶܿۡ
û˵ʲô˼Ҳþֻܾõʲô
С㷽ʫǹС
ǵȻ
ʫǴգǹС˴԰о£иж˶
û
ҶʣС㵱˿϶룿
˼ҧ˵ʫдġ
ߵЩ·ˣŮҲ̲ס¶˵߬ӣ۾ͷˣɴ۾ݷţҪ˼粵һ
˼Ŀɨˣǲ˲Ծ֮
üͷɵسҶ迴ȥ㡭
ҶȴǶԳŮţڵ֮ǰҲСʫǡһҲдգȴС㷽һģһ
£˼ɫɷס
ʧгⲻܣ
Ҷ̩Ȼ£Ů֤ݡ
˼Ѫɫʧ
ʫҶдģԭҲƲŸóʮ顣ڱҶָŬ룬һ¾Ҳ벻ʫǺʱ
ѵѵѾдˣ
Ĭãʹ˼л˵
˼ɫ԰ףҲѡ
˵ʲôҶ˺Ȼڣ˶һʫڷ˳С½ҿһʫдüãʫдǴգѿ飬ƫƫִӹСʫС˵ԼȴʫпȴλҶʲôͣ
ҳԱ߹ŮǱ㲻ٿԼۡ
ⶼȥˣ˵£ǰǣͷһʫҶ˺üʫʫУǱʫò࣬ѴģҲδͷȥ˶ǿģǶ֤ǲţȥʫʫ˭ģһ֪
ء˵бⱾʫ
ٿ˼ʧ˹ʫֱ˵αҪñ˵ĵԼ
ҡ
˼ŵ
ҿҿˣҶ迴ȥϵ˾Ҷϵķŭȴ˶ࡣԽ侲˼Խš
ҡҲ֪Żŵ˵Ҳ˵ˣʫò࣬Ҳδǰδôֻ֪ɺ϶ѣ
ɺϣҶ贽΢Цһ¡
ԭȲܹ˼ԣñܿԴܱ֮ܶԶͱܶԶ˼жభۣȻ֪˴ŵģҲͲȥƽϡ
ղͬǧ⣬ɹ˼͵ʫȴ⡣ãҲûƢ
ʫһһһУաʫͷʫһ͵ʫٿĪ硣
С˼ǴǰδʫҲδʫȴижŮдһģһʫһֲҶ˵֮ǰŮδŰݷù£С㿴ļȲͬһ羰Ҳ޷ϬƫУǵдľͬʫб˼Ҳһģһ
ɺϵ࣬ͬĸֻ׼𣿡
Ҷ粽ãʫдǴգȴڶʫдһΪԭסĵطһʱ֦㣬뵽ʢʱĳиж԰ȴδңСдӻдĵΪƫƫд԰ûең
ҡҧ˵Ҳһʱ뵽˼С
С˵ЦˡҶ赭СؼʱеһѾˡ
˼ſڣ˵ʲôһǳ⣺ˣ
̱죬ɫɷס
Щߵ˼
йŮ÷ţƶҲܿѧӭΪϱĲɶߣ֮͡ҲзǣƲЩ֮£ԭǶԹ˼ʫྪޣж
д󷽷ϾǣαҪȥ͵˵Ķ
ڳ˭֪Щ£бǲסֹ
˵ǧظԭȵĺǧͱϳţ˫ֿտգʲôҲûҶԭȵĲǿɶ˵˲ָڸУͱ˼ȥ
ǴСʶ֣ôŬндʫġѪȴռֻŭգƽ˳
ɫ䣬Թ˼ʧѾǹһУСдʫǾͻȥɡ

˼޻˵ͷҿˣǱԭλⳡϯͷﾩǣȴɨض档·ܸܵ˵䵽ԼϣĻ򼥷˼ձ
ԵĹ˷Ҳˡ˷˺ʽӣҪϡ˺üΣǿά򶨣Ψֽ
ô
ˣŵȻӦǽձҶʤˣ
˲顣
ҶҡͷӮӦյҪǼʫŮʫǰ㲻üˣʤһ
Ҳ顣
Ҷߣǰ˫ֽӹ˲ͷһƬ
Сʣ裬ͲҪ֪Ҷ˵ټһ׸õʫ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ûлͷҲܸܵ˼Ǳ߿ߡ
һ⣬˼һӼǺ˼ռĺǧݣٻ޴£ɹ˼ԼתͷȴǿΪҶţмֺЦ
õĶһҲáԼĶҪ˭֣ҲԼ
кβҲšѾ뿪޹ϵαٿǺ棿
ϯɢȥ
½½뿪
Ҷ˱ͳʱлǱʫ
ȥ·ϣ̲סʫ״յʫֿ
˹߶᲻ôʫƿſͣãǶõϢȴȲˣææŻع
۲ɫճʫ᲻
Ҷ˵˵ͷ
ʫҶӣü䡣
һСҶ˶˶٣˵䲻񡣶֪ϰߣҲϣã˵ͦõġ
Ŵ󷽣жȡ
ŮõӣҶˡ
ߣˣ
쿪ʼ˫Ŷ˳һ£ϲ˫ͬʱǷʱ䷢
*
˳ԼһһԤգⱾ֮󿪣ȤĿղһ~
սĵˡ
İ
и󽫾պգս޲ʤҡ
ǰ˵ġ
ҲûǶ˵ǸֺеĻӣǰˡ
˾һסСƵӣ۵Ļ
һ죬˾˴Сϳȥͼƹһס
һӱΪ֮Ÿͷսź⣬ݡ
Ĵ󽫾ˡ

 28 

С¥֮С
ΪԶ, ҲµĶ, , ŵȵ˹ת淢ʲô
ȻԶûȤɶԿ²˵龭Ҳֱ, Ŀɿڴ
ʵδšҡͷ̾ƽĶ˿ɲ٣Ҳü, Щ, ͷһ͵˱˵ĶԼġ侹˺޳֮, ҺñҸˣ
ڴ߲ŵµϯ, Ҷ뿪˻԰ֱҲˣջߡӶ˶Ӳ壬վ
æ˹ȥ, һеطס
, ѵҲܵܺɫʲôף
, һ֪ˣͷô֪˼ҵǸҶʫдʫ𣿾ǰ, Ȼ֪Ǳ˳ʫҲĲ, ⲻϸŸͰѱ𣿡
Դ, Ҳ벻̫ô֪飬ǰϵһ׼
̫ĵ˵²֪

Ȼ֪λǧʲôʫ
֪, λǧɲʲôĲȻ飬һͷеڶأܱ˺ݺݴ쳤ֽţԵͷŲء
ǧǵõĶٶ࣬ҲֻǺЩŮдʹٶҲޡֻ˽Ҷʫÿһ׶ǵȴ֪Ρ֪ԹȣǧҶгɼʫҲ͵Ҷʫࡣ
ȰʱĿĿڴϣҶһдյʫʮֳʱ䣬ǡɸãҲδȥ
Ҫ޵ʫҵѹ˵ģĿѡķΧ͸Сˡ˼ضס
ĵģǲǧǵÿһʫʱ䣬ץλ
ʹù˼һ٣Ҳ⣬ҪһǷʵѧķǡֻԼҲû뵽龹Ȼ˳
˵ȡ˲öͷ
һһ㶵ģǡô֪ջᷢµģصؽҶҲеˣ

ӿһ۵ܵܣĿ¶ҶﵽΪЦ

֮󣬶Ȼи֪Ϸ飬Ҳи֪֡ӴߺЦС̯ҲԸһֻһѡ
֪Ҷ費ԹҶĵİƭΪҶǰ¶ǡ
˶ˣʣǡҪû飬ҶʫҲ˿ҶҲûӮ𣿴ô֪ˣ

˺ܾûȵ𰸣һ̧ͷúײ̫ӵǰأ޿κҲо֪ÿʱ̫һܵԴ̫
ӹȻһԲת뿪
ӣԼѾ֣ʱָæȥ
Ҳһˣȥĸ˵˵飡

յϯһЩŮǵʹ˳ȥ˼ͷʢϢҲ죬һǵĶ˶֪顣˶ⷬ͵ΪбģֶԱ͵ʫ˺治ѣųǧҲ֪
ҶڶȥʱƹԴ̬ȹȻǰͬˡһ˹̬еزˡ
ĲᣬҶܳ븰磬ͬĻĴŮһƪʫĿǧ𣬼ʹûй˼͵ʫ飬ֻҶ豻룬ƹ̬ҲҪһˡ
ҶԴ˲⣬ƹ˵ӽҿҲܼˡ
֪֪ƹȻ֪뿪֮׼ȥĶ
Ҷݸʣ֮Ƿʫģ
ƹ۾һæӦգȻա
гĲһļǮЩԺֻͶڣ˾ͻĽȥҲܴ
ƹæҶ뵽ͷϸ̸ֽֽϣҶ迴ò֮˫Űӡ
ƹ⼸յǮڹеؽͳš
ƵĹǮߣ˵Ҷ軹ûһ£ֲûж١Ҷ룬ЩȥðһЩ
īֽҪУʣҲ˲٣Ǯ˽ֱһڵС⽡
һ߳ԣһ߳Ժ¡˼䣬λȻһˡ
Ҷ̧ͷȥǰӢǷüĿº͡ʱǰһϲ빫ӣ
ӳ΢΢һЦҲҪһС⽣Ҷ跽ųԵһģһ˴̴л׺ùͷ˼ʱĸˡҨ⽣̬뵵İüĿЩģԼмֹ
Ҷ貢û⣬δӵɻ󣬡Ů˵빫뿪ǰȥˣ˵빫ӻȥ빫ǰ˵ݹʲô˼
ľã빫ӻҪĳϳ֣˹˵顣ɵȵ˼͵ʫȵϯҲδ빫ӵӰ
ҵѾˡ˵ʫ飬Ҳˡ
ʫҶЩ⣺ŮҲǲ֪Сʫʲô£
ղۼˣ
աСŮʫҶ˶١
ӣǰʫʱżȻ֮ҲһۣȴʫЩ졣
죿
һʫҶڳΣ֮ףҲڹ˼ʫΪɫҲƳ籸˵ʫ
ҶȻ
ʫǹСдģ
Цһдĳֺα͵˵ʫ
֪λںδдĺʫ˶дţлᣬŮҲһ
ӳĬãõҶ趼ҪΪԼʲôʱƿߣ˵ˣԺҲдˡ
ǸЯֹȷҶѾǰ˻֪ڽҶ޸誣Ҳ̤ͬһ·ҾЩҶҲдʫ
Ҷ΢
ֻΪӿ˵Ѿ϶ھΣֻ¡
룺ѹ빫ӻ޷侲˭͵ԼȥѵʫҲ뾡취𴩴ˡ
ɹСȻ͵빫ӺѵʫʫȴûҵġҶ˵빫ӴˣСʫ͵ҵʫʫҰϵҲޡ

侲ΪԼƱ磺Ϊ㡣
Ҷ䴽ǣҡҡͷ빫Ӿçײ֮ˡ
ֻҪǺõģçײΣʣӽҲȥ˰ɣ
빫񡣡Ҷ轫Լ˵ˣֲ̾빫ͬ뷨˲١
еöҲЩ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ʣº鷳
ʫһºҾϵҶ̾˵ֻǹ˼ҪΪС£˼ͷϣҪǨŭҡ䲻鷳ȴҲ鷳
ǳΪѣͽҡĵҨһС⽣Ƥ˰͸õͿƿĻͬĶһ£Ҳ£һ𣿡
Ҷ趨һȻЦ˳ֻ䴽ǣЩ̲סתȼΡ
ջ֣䵽Уײ۵һ΢΢Ҷ裬ЩЦڡ
ҷŵĻкβף
Ц빫Ǵ󵨡Ҷ躬Цֻһͣɵ빫ӿУóʲôţ˼ɣ¸빫ӳ빫Ҳʮ㡣

ſڣֱٿĪ硣

ɶҶ躬Ц˫ĬƬ̣侲ӦûƽҲµ˭Ƕҵš
ߣ̫ӣ˵ģҵġ
̫ӣҵܵȭ誣߳ţƣ
QAQҲû
*
һ
ʴôµңҵٶȣ
ڶдˣ˯ˣ˯ѼԼ

 29 

ԴӸԺ, ˼Ҳҳš
Ϊǧ, , ָջãܳ飬ŵɹ˼û, ¸Լ֮ᱻЦȫˡ
һ˵ļЦ·Ļ, һսս, Լδͷ, ӽԺЩŮΨհǰҶһ, պ󶼻
ɲһʫͽһжˡ
ǵ˷˶ЩԹ
вѧ, Ǳʫʫд, ΪΡΪƫƫʫʱ, ģ˷Щš
ҶҶʫ, Լģôĳ, ʹδ˵飡
ɵԼŮ, ˼һüͷԼƵеĻһ롣
, ⡭ⶼɺϡ˼Ʊ˵ճ˳󣬿ⱾʫҲƭ˵ġЩʫ㿴дģҾܲдóû˱ˡ
Ȼ㡣˷̾һʫڳôǺҲ²סô˵͡ЩʱգѾ洫˱飬ԭʫͷҲǵ˶֪ˡ
⡭˼뵽ʲôæʣǳأҲ֪𣿳ô˵
ȫǵ˶֪ˣҵȻҲ֪ˡģѾͨὫ·ϡ˷˰ο
ڳʲôӦȴû˵ܳûᣬ˷ԼҲ֪誵ķӦӦǲ̫á
Ҷ誶»Լ࣬Ҳ֪ʲôӡ˼ǳڱ˼ңֻɳԼң˷˾ʮͷˡ
ԼŮŸջûãǳô鷳Ǵǰ˷һǰҶ衣Ҷ軹ڹ˼ʱֻ棬δĹ˵Ůɳճ밲֮⣬ö٣Ǵ˿е֪ҶʲôʲôҲֵÿҫ¡
ϲ˵϶⡣˵ӣˡ˼סһ£ڼˣҸô찡
˷ҲʣΪƫƫҶʫԼأ
οĪţеԣѾȥˣҲøһӣٶû𣬵ȹЩʱգұ㽫ˣʱٳʫ㲻ټǵˡ
˼ЩģҲֻӦˡ
Ҷ裡
Ҷ裿
ǰ˼æ˵ˣ϶šԭȾںڳһũŮôģҪȻҲץŻ¶ˡ˾㽫ˣ϶ŴҵкͶû𣿡
˷ţɫҲء
˵Ĳ޵
иõ⡣˼æܵ˵ҲҶйأֻҪҶ̬˵Լϣպ˶Ҳ˵ˡ
⡭ҶǲӦ
ⶼǷҵġ˼ۣ¶һͰ͵ģǮۿҶ˵Ҳ뿪ôꡣںдʫ˱ҲҡǼô꣬ôĶݣҲǾ֮ͣں˶꣬ҲֻһũŮлܹôĺӣ
˷΢
˼ץ֣˵ɲ֪ҴǰʲôӡŮںź¶Ҷ֣ߣҲֱôꡣҶңһҪǸɻԲůƽûУԸҪɫ
˷˲ݡ
ĸҲǾңСʳһԼŮʱ࣬ʣЩҲûˡ
˼òԣҲĴǹ˼߳󣬾λҶáдҲǸռȵļǧĴ
ѪŨˮŮǰҶ費ٴɫ˵׽ɼԼŮǳٵʮĸ糱ˮһ㷺𣬺޲ýеĺöһί
˷һڴӦģ½

̸ÿһʱҪƪʫĹȥҶҲÿսǣ˱īֽؼңרڼд
ҶҴȻشƫƧɽˮ羰пձҶĸһĴߣҶĸ£ӴǿµĻҲðѿ꿪ʱῪԺӡҶÿȥժʵĻУ˸˿ڵľչޣ䲻ƿ£ȴҲʵɰ
˼գЩʱյıʾƪʫģҶ¿ǽ˵һʳ͡
ҶĸԭȶЩţÿռдʱҲ͵͵ȥۣ֣ҲֻܿҶдúÿ˶ѣͷӡֱҶʫĽˣӷŵǰҶĸһĲ䵽˵ϡ
̾ѹִҶҪ飬ұΪҪ٣ܿٵҲˣ黹Իӡ
Ҷ΢΢ЦԭȻңˣ
Ҷĸﻹܲš
ƽҲٺЩȥûԼŮЩӹþȣŮǮ
ҶĸóŰ̯ȴҲвЪ˼պ󣬽ֽ廨ÿæҶȰ˼أûȰסֻԼҲ廨Ҫæ
û弸룬һʱ죬ָͷһѪҶĸ۵ĲУæߣЩõ㣬ǰڼʱҲûæӣѾʮˡдõģɲЩֻġ
Ҷڨڨ廨뻹ٰæȴҶĸüǼˡ˳򣬶ԱҶĸԼʵŤŤ޷ˣֻ÷
ҶĸҲĻ֪Լ岻ãӵĻҲ࣬ÿֻڰһʱЪ£ͬģҲ˶ӡҶĸ˻ǮٶԱŮдģҲΪĲ㱡
ϰߵҪֳһŮ㻨ȴȵطҶеǮࡣƽдµģͷУʣһīһֹճǮܸҶҶĸЩ
õŮĶʱҶĸȻҶһɬС
ѾãܸȫˣԼҲδʮѾ֪㣬ĶҲ롣ǰһŮܾòһŮеظܸãٺһЩ
˼ٰҶҪĶһҲ٣ᵽլӣȹ˼ǰҪλ̫ࡣҶȴӲֿڣֻԼ˽ţһһߡ
ɽңȥɽ
ҶĸУƽ飬ҶǣӦ
ĿȾƽ廨ʱ϶ɿ죬ɻЩѾıƵƵ
Ҷ貢֪뷨
һдõ½ǣûãͱ˶·ϡ
˴ź˵ѣŻм죬ҶǷȥ
ߣˣ

 30 

ʫ֮, Ҷµһա
˼˴, ʲ, Ҫ˭ϡиˣҲֻ֡
Ҷ̾һԺ˵ȥ߹˷, ˵Ҳȥ
һ£Ȼû뵽Ӧ, һ²֪ǺáۼҶҪ뿪, æסҶȥ·
Ҷ˼, ظǷҶȥС
Ҷͣ˽š
ҷ˵ˣȥҶ, ȥȥҲȥ߹˷ˣ뿪֮ҾһϵҲû, ⻰׿ڸҵġȻ, ũŮ, ҲõŰݷ÷ˡ
˵ɵۡ
Ҷ費ͣ, ƿǰȥ
ȵȡ˼ˣæסҶ, Ƿ˷Ը, ɱΪѡ
˼Ҳȥ㻹뽫Ұȥ𣿡
û, ȴûÿ˼
Ҷ侲ؿǺˣҲӦ֪Ҵǰ˭ãȻ뿪˺Ҳˡ󣬿ҲΪҵةฮ˵ǲǣ
˹ԥ
һɣҶõ뿪عʱҶûӰûа취ֻܻȥ˷ˡ
˷ڸеãȴֻȵϢǲţȻԸ
Ҷ˵ġ
ð˺ȻӶ˷صΪݼҵѾͷҾͶ𣿡
ǷˣҶ˵ĲûеѾԱȰҶʲôӣҲ֪δñռʲôˣ̫ǿӲǻҶ
ôѵһũŮ
ǷˣСȣ˿ΪҪˡ
˷˶پͷۡ
ʫù˼ȴҶˡʫ֮ҶھѾ˵Ѿ˳ۡοڣǵĹϵãҶǰ䣬ݼѾͷ̹ҧˡҲةฮ
ɹ˼Ҳˡ
˷˳˼Ƭַ̣Ըȥȥʲô

Ҷǰ˼ƪʫģƹ񲻸ҵ飬ȶȹȥæӡˢ˳
ʫĲ࣬Ҳղһӣƹȴа취ʫ˵ĻܳһʫļлвҲǾǳʱó˭֣˹
գҶҲ͵͵ȥˡ
ǰʫֻڹ֮дģĹСС֣ʫҲٻ棬ȴͷһ˾Ҷڸ̯ϣλܿſڣֻ˽ȥʱֿտգʱٶ˼顣ҲһģԶԶģҲʲô
Ҷֻ˶飬᲻ϲԼ¡
еĲˮһΣۼͷԽߣ磬̤Ҳ𽥼٣վ¼öͭǮϣ׼ȥҶ
һھֺ֮ȻͣҶԱÿȴ𣬳˻ͷһҶ
̧ͷвݣվȣϻؼʱɫáҶ˾ϲؿҶȻ㡣
ҶһæҪ񣬵Ҷ˱һЩæסóһ飬¶ʾ⡣ҶϲҸ飬˵Ҷʫģûת۾ҶҲǽá
ٳţʲôҪģƽҲǴѾֻ߳ǵ֪ʫҶ裬ȲѾһһأԼԳšЩҶдյʫֿȥѰʫģԽԽϲ
ҶĦոµҳⱾʫŸõϣδüϴڳмҶ֮ұһֱҪʶҶҶʫ£ҶˣԽԽϲлᣬҶһºú˵˵
Ҷܳ
ҶȲʣ֪ҶǷпУ
Ҷһʱ֪Ӧźá 
̫ͻŵҶҶҲЩ˼ֻ֮һֱҪҶϧһֱûлᣬ·ϾˣҲҶԵҶò㣬Ⱥʱпˣǡ
أƽشϯһ֣Щҷһ涼ѣ볤ƽƽȴŵ̬
ҶپܾæӦ
Ҷ˸Ǹˣ֪һ¥徲Ҳ
Ǽ¥Զĵط˶ܿ죬˵ʱżѾ˲㣬ڻðҶ£ǽץһ·ʫſ
ЩҶıҶдյʫϻڳˣȥ֮ҲҶдʵǺáڶȴŴգʫīֶܸܵл䡣
Ҷü䣬ȴ˼Ҷˣ㴹׶ŲյСµȴ͵͵ڡ˹ˡ
ЩģҶвҲʵҶɫº͵ؿ¶һԵ֣ƽʫҲ٣ɴδҶҵġ
ĲѾãβãҲһֱãżŮ͵һ졣ɫңһʱƤֱԤУɵʱδϡ
ΣӼǰδң⣬Ȳ׷ȥʱÿ˱ٲֻߣԶɵҡϿտҲҡΡ׷ϣѭټѰ޹ֱѶҴҸŴ˼ҡ
ӴĻ궼һգ˪ѩġ
ҲûҵӵټʮĥʱѶ
ҿοٵȵȣȴСǰᡣ
Ҷʫ
ʫд̫ˣһܸܵ޾꣬Ϊ״յʫݣ˾
˶˵ĺѾ˲֪δɼûҵʬǣͻһϣĺԾ˿ͷгһܻؼҪһΪڷ絲꣬ƽϲ֡
ճ֮ǰãҪȥϱҡҲ˴ĺӵ˺Զĵطֻûҵ
Ҷ˵ҶףҶʫҶشرҪһҶҶԵл
ҶЩſڣǫ鼸䣬̧һҶ˵߶ϣȻû˻Ҷ˵ǺԵʣҶԴǳϿֿ۵أȪУֽŷ˵ͷ֮⣬㲻֪Ҫʲôˡ
ҶĵЩա
ѧʮ˳жȲʧִ磬ɵ˶ǰȴ޴ӣҲ֪˵ˡ
ߣþûилϰ_(:١)_
лͶ׵Сʹx34637724ˮˡסҶɡ 1
лӪҺСʹ¾ 20ƿҶ 9ƿŴС 5ƿ֦Բ 4ƿl...y 3ƿ 20ƿӰ 11ƿ延춹ԲС 10ƿյFlowers 5ƿС 3ƿ 2ƿҶ 36ƿబƵҹ 29ƿl...y 22ƿžҵ808257֦Բ28395110 10ƿZHL 6ƿ34637724 5ƿ 3ƿζèӾ 2ƿˡ4018582437075457ޣ蹡ȗ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 31 

ҶҶ˼, ԽıӡԽá
ֻǲѧ, ں, Ҷ˵ʱÿһ䶼˾ʣ崺硣˵һ, Ҷ˿ǿСһ, С֮ʮֳɫһ
˵ǧһ, Ҳ֪Ҷũ֮Ů, Ȼر, Ҷ̲סе˼䣺¼ҿסϰߣʲôӦĵط
Ҷ˵˼䣬Ҷ˵ӡҲʮֺáҷ˲٣ľǹ˷ˡɹ˷˶䵭ݷ̬, ǵǱ, бҶ, Ҳڳ߸ϵļ, ƽ׽ᡣ
гһմӹ˷ģСŬ, Ҳûа취ù˷˶࿴һۡҲĽ, Ҷĸ, һֻ˵仰İˣܵ˱ܴӳϵõůǻ
ҶЩ򶨲ԣΨͨͨģ˵л˹ģҵﶼǺˣҲʮֺáвϰ֮Ҳúá
ҶοֵʲôѴպҲɵҡ͵ĹҪҲӦԿࡣ˵һǮ֮Ͷѡ
ΪԼǰ£㲻óԿࡣҶ˵ʮˣȻƽҲں꣬ؼ֮󣬵Ҳʮңдӣдʫ÷ϲҲԿĻҲûпˡ
Ҷ˲̾һ
벻ףΪγģʮŮ˵ҪͲҪˡǴƷԶҲͰˣôˣҶҲٮٮߡʮ꣬ǻݶοǵŮˡ
ͬʱм־档
Գӡ㲻úãӡ֮У˷Ҳʲôˣ̱ƶʣƫƫĹȴ˳ɫһҲûϵĻѧߡ
Ѵã⻰һֱʱҡҶ˶˵ϲʫģΪʲôҲ֪ɶԹ˵׾١
ƣҵ沢Ѵ
˵ҶҲͲˡ
ϧԼŮµСæѵƵǰϸȰЩЩҲ˵Ҷ뿪ʱ˾ȻһʳԼһҶЦá
ЩʳȥҶҶĸˣ˯ʱ۾ʶʧǰţǵܲġ
뿪˺ҲйذĵҲ빫ӡҶĺˡĺѻߣܿԼı°˼ɣη塣
Ҳûбõˡ

Ҷٽʫĵʱֱ˶ס·
βǳˣһסȥ·˷˵Ȳȥˡ
Ҷ裺
Ȼ¶˹˷䵭ݣҶǰ㣬˵õŰݷãܸܼˡ
Ҷ̾һ֪ԼǶ㲻ȥˡ
ʣ˷Ҫȥ˵
˷ؿһַۣſӡ
ڽϵ˸ͷҶֻ̧Ÿȥ˵Ҳɣ˷˴ģȻϻҶ˴Ĳ¥
ֻҶ˴ʱǿͿ˷ȴһˣһ˪ʼն¶Ƶı顣
Ҷ費Ҳʣֻȿڡ
˷Ҳʲô˼Ӧ
˴δŮôҶ赭ص˷Ȳ裬пûд⡣
뿪֮󣬱ûʲôѧ˷˵ѧôǽײ

Ҷ̴ͷǹ˷£ŮҪˡܶ㡣
㣬Ҳʲô¡˷˶˶٣ûȵӻֻԼ˵ǹڳʫ¡
Ҷ裺˷˵ģǹС͵ʫһ£
˷üͷͲܺú˵
С͵ʫһĿ֤֮ȷ䣬ʱ˶ˣ˷ǾŮ˵кβԣ֤
㡭
˷һ׻ûзֻԼ˵ˡ
ֻҪ̬˵Լԭ²׷պҲ𣬴¾͵ǽˡ˷һӦӣΪԵʣЩʱ˲ίֻҪˣ飬Ҳ׷

ãҲûеȵҶĻظ˷˿һۣüô㲻Ը
ǡҶ˵
˷Ҳû뵽Ӧô죬һ£ϱ顣ԴҶʱ۴ǰڣһĮкβԸ
ﶼԸҶ̧ͷֱް⣺ǹСȣС͵ʫȴδ˵κһǸĻΪβǹС㵱˵ҵǸҪԭ¹С㣿
ǸΪҪǸ˷ѣˣǷġռݣǶˣαôͷǷЩҲ׷ֻҪ̬ҲԸҺô꣬
˷˵棬Ҳ˼ŭ⡣ôĺˣмӸλơ
Ҷ貢˷˵ˡ
˵ˣ
С˲ǺеˡûҲסĴ˺Ӧ˷ŹǣҲмҶļͦñֱϰѾ˹ʱӲ¶ӣСҶʮ꣬ҵҲĴǲ󣬿ҲδԹͷںʮ棬ռ˹СҲ棬ҪҲ
˵ĵǺֻҪһ飬ȴӦ˷Ц˵Ҫ
˷ӵĻԼʱҲδ˵ʲô
µ˵ЩԹˣ
ŮҡҶ费ۣıпյģ˷˲δ裬Ҳû֡˷˵뿪֮ҾûаϵõĶҶѾ˻ȥеֻЩСߵģˣպܸģҲһһõĶҲá
Ҷ裺ȻѾ뿪Ҳ˵ĻǷҪʲôҶԼ˼
Ҷ裺˵飬ʹˣҲԸ⡣
˷˲ŵؿͷһش治Ļһʱþò֪ηӦ
ξãһ˵Ϊڳǰ¶Ҿ͵涯ˣ
ʲôӦҲ֪ҡ
˲ɢ
¥ſڣ˷ͷҲءҶſڣҲδеĻʳ
ʱҲ֪ΪβϲԼҲ뷽跨ġΪԼòãֱ˷˳Ÿ磬ǿʤס˴ӿڽ֮ȭߣԿȥס˶Ůڻţ˷ȴֻѾ߽һߣմȾȹ
Ϊ˷ˡ
ǧһί˷˱㲻ףǰΪͷ
ѾµĵҶĸĹذѾ㹻ҲͽЩˡ
һҡڵشӽֵʻȻͣһ¥ſվĵҶ裬ʱϲѣ Ҷ
Ҷع£
߸˵ôɣҶҲȥأ 
Ҷʶһۣδ빫ӣջߣŮкҪ£˭´
ҲǡԼ仳УұȫҲûҵֻ˵ҶͶģֻǽղɣûϡ
ͶҶ費⡣
صһͷǰͶ
̫صضһҪ͹ĺö
ʣҶȱȱլӣ
Ҷ裺
ʻ뿪˷˳棬Լ洫΢ȥϸ֮£ʻԶʲôҲˡ
ߣĶһˣ
һǳʧȥϷݵ̫˵ܵǲã

 32 

Ļʳ, žЩס
ۿŶҶֱɫ, æֵ, ǣҶ, Ǹ˼
Ҷ˺һصµ˼ǡ
ǱñĻ˵ʶ, Ǹ빫ӡ
̫, Щᡣ
ӵͷö, һӰҶϵľȥ١빫´
æͷɲǣ˵, дʫд£˺üأֲסڳУһһصö鷳˷ѵʱ, дǵסڳЩ
ҶɵؿȻ빫ӵ˼, 빫Ϊβ
ʮ˵ֱɳԶŰȥˡ
Ҷ裺
ʵ̫ӱڹ, һʱ鲻ʵ۳̫֮, Ҳмӣ̫ӵĴ֮λȵ, ɼܲס, 뷽跨СرԥѣסӵĽš
ЩɺȤԴǵǿɲ˶۵, ɴͷţ̫Ӵӹдָһͦˡ
Ҷճ˴ظһȥȡ

йݽӴֱ֪ڿ죬빫ΪˣҶ赱ҪΪʲôͷ
Ʋͷ޹»»ǻȥɡ
㡭㲻Ҫǲ⣺ΪβҪѵ⻹ھ֮ס˵ˣҲǱģֻǴΪתǧᡣ
Ҷˣ빫ΪҪŮլӣ
һլӲ࣬һլӲ٣ֵһҲΪ㷽㣿˵Ȼסھ֮Уʲô㣬ʲôã
Ϊ˷ҶݣϸϸһѴլƽƽͨͨһԺӲ󣬼ֵҲߣԻֵһС
˵ˣ׷һЩʲôҲ
ҶĬã빫ӵĺ⣬Ůˣͷת빫һլŮա
Ϊʲôѽ˼⡣
빫Ҳֻͣһլ˵͸ģү»£ҲӦȰȰ빫Ӳǡ
ͷ뿪ڽһСԺʲôֲ֪ν̫ӵݡҶһĲܵӣֻãȻػȥ
ͷɥؽ˹˵ˣŸԼһ磬Ҷ˵ˣҶǲӦƤӶĥˣûа취ҲҲ룬Ҷִ̫
ȴЩԣô˵ģ
ʵʵָһ顣

磬ƣҵ水ķԸˡ 
㵱棬˵Ҫլӣ̣ҲûסǸδĹ󷽷Ҫլӣô룿
Ƭ̣Сصʮ־ϲ
Щֱᶪͷȥ
黹飬ҶƷ᲻öֻŭسŵܵܵѰŮ˵⻰ֻΪͼı죬Ҫң
۵һæֱߵĲյսսؾַģ磬û˼㿴еĹҸ
ûص˵ܵһۣƿߣٿ
룬˵ˣû˵Ҹģ˵ġ

ҶҪô룬ΪҪ𣿣
ǹ˼Ѫ飬Ӻ޲ְܴܵһ١
լӣϧסڳ⣬ԶİլҲԸȥҸֵᷢɾǡӦʱ˵ÿɺúõģ˵ԼЩô֪ˣ
ίزˣҴǰֱˣʲôǶҪû˾ܾ˭֪Ҷô˵ҲӦ̫ӽȺ˵ߣԽԽͣͷ̧
̫ͷ۵üģƽĹЩ¥ˣͿЦΪͲö͵ĶԽԽãôܾ
̲ס㽫Щ糾Ůӣ
֪Ҷ졣̫ӳģʮֻˣ룬ֺõؿڣҼҶʱ򣬻˹˼ҵ
üͷ
ɲһֱͦ壬״ȻҲûǸ˭ɹ˼ҵϵá磬룬ǰ˼ҿǶôѱȥҶ鷳ܲܺһƽϣĲǹСǹ˷ˡҶֻһŮӣҪԸǲ׾𣿡
˼㻹ʲô
ڨڨЦЦҡҡͷûС
Щ㹻ˡ
˼ǰ֪ļ֮УҶŮʮְģֻҶǺΨһһŮҲ棬ǳ֮Ļάϵ˳ϵҲԽԽԣųҲһ㡣һֱΪǸĸֻҶ豻ظϳţܲ³鲢ˡ
Ҷ裬޷ǾΪǧ顣ҶͷҶƢҲ״ӦǲӦҲֶҪͷ
ӾǸᣬլӻҪõĻᡣ
ǡ
ӿ˵ܵһۡ
ûãȻúһ䣬ëЩܿ˿ȴûʲôԾ֮ƻعͷ̫ζ
һ磿
˼գ㴫ԥ飬λүŤһţǵûʵ۴ŭλүڸСûԥ鷳Ӻֳܿ˹
֪ҵҶ裬͵һܿſڵż䣬ȼҶӰ֮󣬱ȥ
Ҷ轻ʫģʱһ۾ͿӳվſӰòۣɹ֮˵ܻ鲻Խ䵽ϣΧʫʶ˷ǰ·Ҳһͷ
˵߶ϣ˹Ҷ
빫ӡҶ賯˵ͷ빫ŮҲΪլӣ
ӣ
ֶһѾӦѸٵ¶˼Ҷˣ³çŵҶ
¿׿˵ˣתҶЦЦؿ빫ӵ˼˵ˣ
լӵȷҪתֻ̫꣬Ҷᡣ˵˵ҶԸȥԱ߲̯һ
Ҷ貢޲ɡ
̯ϵɲ̯࣬˲ˮһԡ
լӵȷҰתҶġֱ֪ӸҶӦǲԸաԺգһլҲۣҶҲỳɡӶ˶٣Ҷ迪֮ǰִʾҶҪʲôᣬҾֻԼ롣
ҶſڡȷҪһھǵլӣҲŬӴǮȴû˸
빫ΪҪլӣҶصĶ빫ӦԼţӦҡ
ҶʱʱҪǣв㣬סھ֮УࡣͣסһСԺ󣬶˵ҲôȻˣҶ﷽㡣ָĦŴִɱյıԵһ˵ʮֿҶдǽҵиҶﶼֵá
빫ӵҲˡ
ıҶȴǴҲ󡣳Щ֮⣬Ҳʵڲ֪ΰҶ
Ҷ΢䶼У˼ǰҲǣΪҶ⣬ҲΪƽ볤ʶ񣬾Ҷ񼣬Ҳòϣ빫Ƕ
빫˵дŮӡ󡣼Ҫ빫ҲѾְ˲æЩӡ
ЩҲǾ֮͡
빫˵Ǿ֮ͣŮ˵ȴǰ˴æҶ빫ԭҲ˵Ů֮ٲŲӡ󣬼ȻǾ֮ͣҲûзִСĵ
ӳĬãӦĻ
ҶҪһʱȻʣҶ˼ǴպҲˣ
Ҷһ㶣æ˵Ů޴⡣
ҶǲԸұҲԸ⣬ǴӽҲûҶɡԼԼʮײʧ䣬Ҷ裬ȴǻ¶ɢ˱ѹϢ벻עⶼѡҶȻң˼ˣ֪֮պٴš
Ҷ
æ빫ˣŮ˼
棿
ǧȷ
üĿչǼ㲻ñҲҶ
ǡҶӦЩɡƺʲôԾȴһʱ벻
ҶҲˣ
Ůҡ
ѣĳƺҲ衣
Ҷſڣǵ빫ӡ
ҲôȻѣ˵㣬ǲҲӦ˵ǣ
ҶƤһ뵽ʲôɻδף̵ص˵ˣ
ҶȻ
ôһȦӣҪ
ߣﰥӴӴ˵۷ߺˣ
*
һ
ҷһ𷢴Ҷˣߣ
ҾˣӽԺÿֿʮϾŵ㣡

 33 

˷˵ȷҹҡȻ֪, ҶҲ, Ҳֻ˷˵˼仰, ˷ûΪң빫Ҳصġ
գҲΪѣ
ҶȻ
빫ӷʲôҲû, ȴµֻ˵ȷǹʫһ¡
ô
ңҶһ£Щûع빫ⷬʲô˼
ָ, ˼壺ҶԸ, ȻǲԸͬ⡣϶ưո, պ󶨻֡ȻˣΪǿ, Ъͷ
Ѿʼ㣬ܸʲô鷳Թ˲ϾȥҶ衣
ҶȴĿɿڴ, ðŵҲˡ
ЩͬȻ֪ǻ, Ϊβ
˷˻᲻ʲô, Ҳֻǲ²⡣С͵ҵʫ, ҪҲֻǹСһǸҪˮҶҡҡͷ, ֮, ʲôδֻ²ݺڲ壬δҲ̫塣˵, ֻһͨˣܶԺʲô
ҿ԰㡣
빫޹أҲ빫ӡ
΢΢üͷôǡ
Ҷ䴽ǣĻ֪빫Ǻģ빫⣬ʮָм빫ӼѣȲʱҲ빫ӿڡʱֺα빫ΪЩ޹ؽҪģ

ӷãֻӦ
˵ŲУ͵͵

˼ûгţ֪˷˳ȥҶ衣Ȼ˷˻ʱʲôҲû˵Уй˷˳¶ȻѾ˳˳ؽˡ
ٽӵʱѣµΣ߸˵سŸԼ
˭֪֮ʫ飬ɫԣֱﰵ䳰ȷһ˼֪ԭҶʲôҲû˵
ظ֮󣬵ȥ˹˷ˡ
˼ί˵㲻˵ҽҶʲôҲû˵Щ˿ɶЦҡϴβȥҶȻӦˣΪλû
˷˵ɫһЩӲ
Ҷ赱ܾɿڵضҶǰںʱĻ˸֮󣬾죬
ЩŮ˵
˷˵㲻Ǻˡ
˼ίһס𾪵̧ͷ˹ϵ
˷ףɫҲЩÿ
뿪ʱҶ衣Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻԼԼһլӡ˷ԭϣɻԺԽԽǲԾȥ
һһЩ
ҶǸũ˲ĻƣҶΪעҶʫһʱȥǴδβ䡣˭˲֪ǸʲôӣʲôУΨ鷿յ鶼ͷۣοȥ飿
飬լӡ뿪֮ǰҶûаϵ뿪֮󷴶ԨԴĲᣬҶòȷʮֳڵģҲ
˷˽ǰ˵꣬ȴ˵ù˼ɫԽԽѿ
ôܡ˼ѵؽ˻ȥֵǺˣ˹ϵҲὫȢ
˼˰죬ĻȴôҲ˵ȥˡ
벻ףôƫƫҶ
ѾȥҰ䣬ôͲַܰһũŮȥͷ
ӺȻ֪ǵ̫Ӱܣ̫ӵǻ֮ҲվһɢүȻǲ̫ãҲûɹʲôʵ£ٲǸүھߣлʵ۳˭Ҷʵ۵׵ܵһë
ֻԺһҲҰֵ̹û˱еĲ
˼æס˷ˣŵصҶ룬Ҷ϶ỨƭԺ֣Ϊ˺Ҳѽ
˷üѣôҵĻ
ǻеء˼æ˵»أôܲܰɣ
˷˳ɵҪڸһҶȴûǰͶʮݣǡ
ǰٺã뿪֮󣬵Ҳûȥʹ˼˵ҲǵŮŮͱ˵Ů˭˭һĿȻҲң϶ҲĿί
˷Ҳǣ˼ظ֮󣬳̬ҲҶ貢޷ֱ𡣳üΪҪҶԺ֣ȻҲԴС
ȥһᡣ
˼Űˡ
ߣ㿴ִԲ
*
һһ㣬ԶͶһ~
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ׵Сʹˡսеèħ 1
лӪҺСʹ 39ƿǾ 24ƿҿ 20ƿȰȰȰȰȰȰȡ. 10ƿ 5ƿޱޱҵĿ֡moaisyҬӡY 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 34 

ҹʱŵ֪¡
üͷôǣ
˷ϸɫ, Ҳǲ˼, һ
ǧ·, ճ˼ҪһȱһųԷ͡ɹ˷˹˼Ļ, ҲռŮݵ˳Ҷ˼뿪еĴǳ, Ȼºδ˵ʲô, ɹ˷ԾЩ㷡
ٿʱ, ҲһЩ˵ǲһЩɵǸү, ǲģҶ軨ƭⲻǺ֡үҶû, Ϊǿ
ʣΪҪԺ֣
˷˱Թ뿪, ԹﲻǸõ, ѵͺõȥǰôĳ󡭡
, ԼȡƳһۣյһ, ŵһ, вѧһʫΪƫƫҪʫ֪Ǳ˵Ķ, ָҵ˵Ҳˣ˲Ҳʵ¶ôôֵϣ
˷һҭ˵
ð죬ŵүŮүΪλվڱǱߣ
ҵŮҲʮŮ˵˵ҲûҲʲôûͰѺȫˣҿҲһʲô
ûʲôǲΪǿҪʲôʱ򣬲Ҳˣ
ȴԱߵƵطһҳ߲ƿҿҲһ
үƶ
Ůұ˽Ķࡣ

˷޻˵ˡ
ڱ˸ϣĸŮҶġϷ˻ʱǱϷ˱Ϸȥ磬ߵʱҶҲѾ˷û˽ӻصԼԺǴ˼ѾһסæżŹһҶ賤֮ӼȲԼҲ
˷Сӣϲ
ƳһۣҲû˵ʲô
飬үͲˣ˷ЩģҶǣѾʵ
ʣѾ˽ѹ£Ѿ顣㻹Ҫôܣˣ˶˲ɣпЩ㵹ٳȥ¶¶մڼвٶʫñ˶ĺãͰЩˣ
һҶҧŲš
ö˶˵ĲȥαҧŲţ
˷˻˵ʲôֱִϡ
ˣ飬ţһЩȥ鷳ǰ£㵹ã˷ˡ
ֲǵŮڸҲί˷˵һ룬Ȼʶδ֮⣬ʱɫ䣺үòỹ뽫ӻ
ÿɷ
˷ȴסˣæߣʵүҪӻô룿ݵôίصƽƽöίүɵúú
ٹЩʱգҪСӴ飬ȼ޵˳ȥȻҲˡǶѾ˻ͣںʮ꣬Ҳ˲䲻ŮھҲǰ׵ĺܡ
˷ɫѿү˼ѵҪ䣿
е˻ǰͷϵĵطûϣǾĬˡ
үҪ޸誣϶ѾΪ¼ǺǡүҲˣҪһ˼ң˷̣ȴûסһũŮݱ΢ûкܼҲֻũ̼֡
бһۣҲũ̼֣
˷һҭ
ɡ
ˣ²˵ˣд㡣
˷˺޺޵ү˵ҲΪҺʵ˼ҡȢһ£Ǽĸĵġ
ҡһҳͷҲ̧Ѿѡ
˷ˣ
飬˵ٶҲûá˷вʣҲı䲻˼ֻܽ뿪
һ뵽й˼ţ˷˶پͷۡ
Сܾôˡ
ҶѾ뿪˺ʮֻ꣬ѾǿҪٻغúһ˼ңһũŮռʮı˻Ҫһ죿
ô˵飿
ߣһնСնС
ϴֳһЩ~
30ҵĽװǡ

 35 

˷˼˵˳Ĵ㡣
˼ֻѲ, ɴ۾, ۵ĲţΪʲôΪҪҶҶֲŮ, ҪҶںʲô߶ˣʲôҪ
˷˺޺޵ҲΪ

Ҷƽֻ, ԺŮݽ˵˷ЦЩֶ, ֵ, ܽ, ں˵Ҳһǿ
ǡô죿˼, òҪɣ
˼ĻôҲӲȥƾǸүѧҲ̫ӵ׵ܵܣܹ
ҶԺеһ, ѾԽ, οȥ
Ҷֶ, ˵, λأ
òԼĶ, ҶҲصôλϡôҶ, ͲҶԽԽǣԸ
ԲС˼żŹ˷˵ĸ첲, 취Ҷ
Ī£һ취˷˰Ĺ˼֣ɫأΨ̫࣬˼£˵ˣȥߣٶ˽ύ
˼ֱɫֲǲ֪ЩĵôЦҡ
ҿ˵мֵߣٶƪʫЩ£һ࣬ǾͲټǵʫϵˡ˷˵Щӣûдʲôٸʫ
˼۾һҪӦ£ʫϳĳ
ô˵棬ôĳôҲǲҳȥ˼ٳʫ壬Ҳٷͬ顣
ҲʼԼļӡ֮ЩʫǺʱֵҲ̫ȷˡΨַʫֻ֮ðһ˵ʫ
˼ҡͷ´˵ɡ
˷˲޲ɣЩӳлһۻᣬ˶ȥҲȥҲǸûᡣ
˭ȥ
˷˼˵֣ǾʮֳǵйŮЩԶģȳʫСһȥ
˼ԥ˷˵ҲȥŵͷӦ

˺üգϵˣûʵҲĽ㡣νǴ⣬һܳŵ̴ҡڵس˾ǽϡ
ûгţʵǰﻵˣ¥ڰղţڽй䡣ҲҲƣһжϡĺܡ
ȥһ⼸ûҶ³һϼҶһƪ£ʱϲ
ȻЩֱӽ˹ȸ̫˹ȥ
磬ҿһ̸ˣǰ飬ԥǼһ˿۵ĺܣҿ˺þõأǲҲ˱һʾʮԡ
ףֽӹ飬ֶԱ̫ʾ⡣̫ȥ֮óһķСӣȴЩ
۾ˣҲɣֱӵǸӴ򿪣װĿˡʱ⣺Ǹ㶮ҡ
ûصһۣȱӾֻҹҪƽЩҵҲ˴Ҳʲô£úһүֻ֪֣浹Ƿ󷽵ĺܡ
̵ģҲ߳ܣⲻڣҪʲôİ»ʲô飬Ҿˣ˵һԥʮ˸ҾǻҪˣҲȫſ£
ǹµæҪ
ӣһЩڨڨ
ԥǼһֺأڴ˴źµأҲУҲǶʱ˲ٴ֡ǻһˣ治һù
ԼͣŸҲٴùͷҲǲ㣬Ҳá죿
ΣҲһ˵
һֺܿö˶˵ģ˭ˣпûʲôô۰ɣ

һ˵ˡ˵ףҲΪҶ
ҪʹӣǵòˡܲҪȥˣһͣʲôôɲСҪԸڳϸʹӣص飬Ǿ͵̫ˡ
ˡ𣺡Щտ˼һʲôҶජһЩ۸
ȻӦ¡
ֶ£ҲһһӦ¡˵ˣ׼뿪뵽ʲôۻ˼顣
ӿüͷⲻǸ´ģ
һ˫۾Ҫô࣬ҪٶҲͬһǸĸġ
ĸ󣿡
ϻҽʱ򣬾ĸҶҲǹùø˵ģĸҶĺܣֳ˹ţȻҴˡصصʹⱾǽոշۣ־̽ˣĸ϶û
ԭ鶼ȫǸģӵ˵ܵһۣٿ˰֣ɡ
عˡ
һ·ӺܵʺУȥ˲ſҶ档֮ǰ˵Ҷ˿ǻʺеϡ̲ͣס࿴ۣŰӷŵԱߡ
ĸҽո˸öͳҶҲڣҲҶһɡ
ʺʱϡˣҲῴ飿
⵱Ȼͨ˵飬񾩳˵顣ҿ֮̾͸ĸ͹ˣҪûأ
ʺԽ棬ȽӹʱЦ˳
ҲˣôҶ˷ҲһʺЦ˵һ֣񾩳֮ĸˣԭҶ
ɵۣҶѾˣ
ʺŮ˹һģһ
ڨڨһԱߵҶˣҶǸ浾ģֻʱ΢΢ЦЦͷ֪ΪΣĪмϤ
ûϣƵʣҶôҲĸˣ
ҾǴҶ˵ҶʺЦҲᣬҷʫһҶʫдĵȷǺãҲǲѹǶϲҲԼһˡ
Ҫ֪ҪҶϲǿɵѵĺܡʺҶǺѣҲ볤һԵھεĺܣҶһ겻Ҳʹġ˭֪Ȱοô꣬ûһʫЧã˵Ҷ˿ϳ߶֮󣬼ʱ֮Ƴ硣ʺöˣвŻ
꣺ҶдĶãϲҲǳ¡
Ͼֳ̫ˣһͲǳˡ
ʺϡ棺Ҳ
û˵Ҷʫ˶˵áֱ׳صù˵ĸҲ˵Ҷ˶˵ǿ϶Ǻõòˡ
ʺҶЦ
˵ʫҵãҶʱдЩʫҲǺܺáʺǰҲпҶʱھҲǳĺܣҶй֮޲Щʫҵ񶼻ǵá
ʺ˵˴һסʮȻһֱţҶЦЦҲЩйŮ÷ţʱдʫʧȥŮ֮ѻǰİҲûˡ
ϧڳǸľԴĿãȻֻܸſһãԵһҲ䲻
ʺֺޣɷ羰Ҳڰ뿪ˡûȤӴˡ
߳ţһ۾ͿжվſڣͣһڵˡŷſҶˣٿе飬˹ȥ
ҶˡӣѶݵǰиöҪ㡣
䵭Ƴһۣûӡ
ƽʱЩھǺߣûһ˸ҵСʱ̫Ӹɽ˻سʵƤƤԶһôҲûС
񶼻ǵãʱӵ˶һ˵סһ٣ȴƨϣЩû˰޵˴¡ƫƫʵۻʺ֪֮󣬲𣬻ֳƿ죬ʵ۸˵˺ü䡰úá
ˡڹУҶˣҶ˶˵á
ԼӣŶһӹһʱȻջɲŷȥģ
Ҷ˶ҶпޣΪˣأ֪ܲ
̧ͷѾӻ𼱻ǵûӰΣ£ɴ㷭飬ҵҶƪ£

黹Щ飬æߴٳ죺죬ߣȥ
ȴ
˺һûеȵʱƵ̽ͷȿ˶һۣרĿ飬δעߣתͷȥߣ㻹ͣŸʲô
ү̫ߵ̫˻С˵̫Ҫ
̫ӣֻ˻ȥ
ûһһˣԱߣ±֣ʮСġ
һȣ̵ظ
ͬʱڣȥ¥
ֻ˵ȥ¥
Ŷˡ
ö˶˵ģȥ¥ʲô
֡
֣תͷˡ
Ȼ̵Ȼеģžеȫۼ¥Ҫʫԣƴѧ
ӣ˵Դһ£ʵǿöЩֵ𣿡
˵һȥ
һ¿ҡö˶˵ģȥʲô
¸յϢ˵ҶҲȥǶ£һȥݣҲֵܳĹ󡣡Ϊλ¥º·ϲ֡
Ȼˡ˵˵ȥΪҶ
¥磬˲ٲеĹŮҲ˲٣ҶҲ롣Ůӷֿط¥´ã¥ż֮С˭Ҳ˭Ҳܻ֪һߵĽ
ץסᣬۻ֮ÿһ꣬¥ʢʮֳҲǴʼġ
ҶҲˡ
ȱ룬ֱ˹
ż֮УƽĲŮԷһ𣬹Ůһ𡣿ԵʣҶ˹Ůߡ
ɲɡ
Ķǹ˼
ע⵽˶ȻЩߣҶ˷ͷȹǡ
ߣһ¡еС䶯
룬黹Ϸٵÿ̫һŰɣȻڹҲ̫
*
ûʮңֻʮңҲʮҲҴջһ°_(:١)_
µл˵񱻴ˣʮҵ룬ҪͷͺҲд
Ҿдأ¼ʮҵĻǿٰһQAQ

 36 

ߣһĩβһ£б䶯Сɰ鷳ٿһ£ȻǽӲϡ
ϣ֪ĸ¼ܲʮң
ڻǺǧʱ, ҶǹŮеͷ, ڳŮİ, ݱˣҲ׽ϣҶҲѾƽ֮, Щ, Ҳв˿ˡ
ߵ˶ϵ, ڳô, ƫƫǰǹ˼
ϵù˼ģ֪˶Թ, ͵͵ǡǧȣ͵ʫںΨ˻ᵱַ
ҲҺ˶֪ʲôϣ۹˼Ŀβ, Ҷ趼ͷҲ, ר˵
εĲˣ, ֪, ҾͲˡ
ԼҲʵ̫һЩҶߵ, ﶼй˼
Ҷ΢, ˿Уעӹ˼˻˵û, ұҲҪġ
ѾҪʼ֣ҪΪԼǸĴûᣬѾ˶ˣܴ
˼ӦҲͬһ뷨
Ҷ貢ĳ֣˸֮£ֻҪ˼ϻ͵ĶԼģҲԵû˼
ǰǣǧҲҪ鷳
վۻᣬйﶼ¥ϣǶ¥´á߻ţವϢżӼģɴһŴ
¥ϵĹŮǻ̸µѾ
ΧߵĽкŴУ˲ĿЩ̸УҲȡ
ҽնһƪ£Ƕģ֮۵㶼дʮֺã硭
ȥܿ˻⣬˳Ļʼ˵
һߣͲȺ飬˭˵ʲôѸٵԷе˼ݵ䣬ͬ߷ԵĹ۵
ֻ˹˼
λϣ亹Χ˵ĻһʱŲѡſڱӻֲ֪ӡ 
Щ˿˵˭˭δ˵ǵ¡ƫƫи롣
ע⵽ľΪǵһϰֳϣݻСô
˼ſڣͷһƬհסð죬ӦҾ˵öԡ
΢ЦȴȥĻ
˼ĬãȴεƿĿ⡣ʲôԲԣλʲô¶ûأ˸ͣҲ˵ʲô
ϯһʱسĬŵݻĹŮҲû뵽һ䲻ԣ֪Ǻá忪ڣ΢ЦҶ裺Ҷô
ҶףʲſԼĹ۵㡣
˵עһ䵽ϣע˼˼һɼҶ٩٩̸ģֲ½ʽӡ
֮УӦ
ŮǾһԭ˵ĶЩ
֮ǰϸѡѡһܹ֤ǺдʫΪһˡԺֱûһʫʫҲֻ˵ʫ䣬ΪԼ۵˵ѡ
ǰδЩ˼ãȻ
ӡ֮Уáá˼˰죬ԼҲδЩŮǾۻᡣջصӣǸŹ˷˳Űݷ˼ң˵ҲἰЩǰദҲʱһͨˣʶࡣǵȦҲָߵͣЩҷվߣų޵ķҲǳд٣ÿһǼĸῴ
˵һȦﻹвȸͣȴǸȦҲȥ
˼ȻҪͷѹ˵ͷȴǱأ±עԼ¶ԼĶǳ֪ǰ˵ҶϢ۲ѣҲҶӡ˭֪һ⣬Ҷ˺ǧȴ˳⡣
Ҳá
˼԰׵ɫ˼֡
Ѿ˳誡
ѾǺܼ޸誣պҲԲȥ

Ӹ̤¥һ۾Ϳվ̨ϵĳ誡
ǰУغһ޵Ŀ⽫誴һ飬ƿߡ
жԳ誶вɳ誵Ĳѧȴʵʵģھ̳ȿƾٺҲ״Ԫ;Ӯʱ誵ȷзͷʢһ
ڳԼݣǲ¥ѾˣȴǸһҰõλáӸһΧ̨ϱ۵Ҳֳһ䵽ϡ
ǵ誶ע⵽ǡ˵һĻȻסɿؿһۣ˷֮ǰѸٵؽȥ
˶ƣΪ
Ȼյץһѹӿģ⣬֣Ǽ

һԣҪģܿƿĿ⡣
Ŀؿ̨ˡ
誱۵磬Զԣֻ̨ʣ³誡
۷׷ף
ⶼѾǵˡ
ҿھ֮УӵĲѧܵеģȥҲǳӮˡ괺ǣ˵Ӿ״Ԫ
һ˵誣ҫ˵ǰƽĵǻ飬ҲС˻պ
֪ˡ
ѧһ£һ¡ܽǰߣιΪٶֻѧѡ調һƪ¾޻ʵۣ״ԪӿĹ۵Ϊ룬ֻ֮УЩʵʡ
ܳ誺ƽƣҲвֻΪҶ衣ԼǴС˳˳ˮлӣδԹʲôͷұʣҶķӦ죬߸߸ϣ԰ӿЩ档
ɷвͬĹ۵㣿
վ
˵䵽ϡ
ֹ²˭
誳˹֣֪ӹգ
ٰ㿴ۣҶƫƫϲ誡ɪۡó䲻ϣ˵Ҷϲǵأ
ʲôУͱΪϿҪԼҷɣ볯Ϊʵ۷ǣҳҪѧҲС鷿ɴ̵Ϊ˿͸Ҷÿһ֣ûƫƫҶϲЩȫûС
ĮصȻֻǱۣҲֻ¾ͺá
誣
һֹ²˭
ڵֽкãԸֳ˵úã¾Ϳ£ʲô֣

ףӣ롣
誶˶񣬻ع΢˼һ˵ԼĹ۵㡣
Ҳ֪ǲĴ
ǰλİƺļΪƣֻȥҲ벻ʲôʱİӸ˿ۣվ̨Ϻ˲϶࿴һۡ
·ǰƺֵ⡣


 37 

̸̨۵ϵһ۵, ̨֮ǰ, ǱѾ˵áѧʶ, ԵˣѾ˵ӲЩܿҪһˡ
ˡ
鲻, ʶĸڳ˻ҪࡣԴ볯𣬿ľڲ֪, е鶼㼯, ˵Ӻ, ڽǵսȺʹδҲʱԼ誡
˵誸տ˿, ̲׷ϡ
˵ʵۣҲ˵Լд󳼽Ǵǧ֮ӱڳǲ, ˵ʦǶǵ塣
յľۻŸտʼû, Ƕ˵ı۾ͱü, ˭Ҳ, ˭ҲԸͶԷһͷ뷨ΨԼΪĶ, Ҳܵĵ, ȻԣȻҲʾ
ΧۣǽӦ, ȷ˳誻ӮٿλȻðĹӣ൱˵Ĺ۵Ҳʮ־żѿڶɬµۣΧ˻ûعһѾѸٵؽϡ
Ƕ˵ʲôֻ֪Լֳ̨̫ϱۣĹ˵ĺòãӿڣһԹӦͣҲѪڣʱ۸ߺ
µĶ̫Ҳ¥ȥ
ֻĻԽԽ಻żͣЪʱֺܿ챻µǡ
¥ϹŮǼҪڣ˵´Ļ˹ȥ
·ʲôô֣
Ӧλӱ۱㼤ɣƽɴδҲ֪λɫ
˵һλȻǳˡ
˷׷Ӧֶͣһ˺Ų֣Ǿ֮ʮֳĲӡ
誣Ҷ费ջߡԵһģŵץס֡
С衭
Ҷɫƽسҡҡͷ
ǰ֪ҲضҲѾ׼Ȼھ֮УͳҪ誣ǰѾΣҪ˶ʧ̬δҲ̫һЩ
ο
Ҷ迴˼
ἰ誣ĬõĹ˼һֱ壬Ҳ¶ɵĽѾδҲӦ
Ҷջߣ˵֪һλ˭
˽誣澩֮˭൱
ǵһ˺棬Ҳ׷̽ͷͣ˽յۣĴ򿪴ӣ¿ȥ
뼷ˣֻм̨Ͽճһվλӣһǳ誣һȴϵá˱棬ԣ˭ҲûעΧ۵˲١
λ˭
ǿ

ҡҡͷһָŵ˵Ǹ¡
ǿ̫ϡˣ
ڴ˴誱ۻֵһַ׷˳Ǹȥõλྐྵӣ࣬ʧ̬һЩֱϣӸźÿӻ£͵һƽкã˫ĵͨ졣
Ҷ裺
Ҷ迴һֻۣص̨ϡ
˻ϲϵóģһˣ빫˭
Ҷ趼֪Ǹ빫ӳǸ빫ӵĲѧȻ˳ڡ
裬ϲϵһ˭Сʣǲǳӵѡ
ҶƬ̣빫ӡ
빫ӣ
ǵĻֹһˣ˿̲תͷ빫ĸϵĹӣǰôû
а룺Ҳ룬λӹˣϵãλ׹ݡ
Ҷ˵빫ͣиĸ¡

λŮһû˴롣
Ȼ߸˵صû뵽˲ţһΪء
Ҷݸ
¿ȥҲ֪ǲߵĶֵ̫ӿڣ˵һʱȻ̧ͷ߿ú߶˸šҶһ£ȴҲû˻ȥԶԶسס
ӷɿջߡ
̣ȴûסԭıȻ¶һĨЦۿɼģͱ˵ƶʱһ˲ٿʱй˻ȥǰƸ
ôһ˲Ҳˡ
ҲУͷȥ
УҶбڴǰԶԶؿߡ˶٣ֹסϲĵûһĹ̡
¥ϹŮæ˿СΨӰӳڴǰӰӰ´¡
ջߡ
ӡɫƵˡ
誶˶񣬻һ˵ЩŽȥһ궼ѾƮ¥ĳӵı粵ʱҲ޷ǰǰ㷴Ӧݡ
ľۻᣬѾμӹΣ̨˱ۣɴδһѰ
ֱ̨սӦԸǿǰıʮ־ʣλ빫̨֮󶼲֪٣ЩĲɵģֻǺķ̫
¥ϡ
ҲԷŵıδ˳ǸȥҶҲ˼䣬ûжᣬвۡ
һڱ֮йȥ˺ķ̫񣬾иˮ伢Ծɾü¥Ѿ˾²ȣŵϢ绹аšɲ¥˼˳⣬ʫ£ٻԵ
ȥ꣬ʱһƪ³Уʺﶼۿ
δĻʼѾʼˡ
ץҶֹ֣ţҶһȴ˵ʲôֻεذοҶżżʲô
ҡ˱죬ۿЩˡ
ûкҶշʧѹ˹ȥ
˵ջй˼г誡͵͵һԱߣϢʱ䣬˼뼸˴һΪǧ˶д˼ƮƮȻϳ誴ͷΪ誵δޣϵĵʮԡ
Ҫ˵˭ͷãǧˡ
ƫƫ誽յıʵǾʣۻỹδѾͷȥ
ֻһ;ѹȴǿο裬úϢ񡣡
ҶЦá
ʣ֪֪˴ʱЪںδ
Ů¥ϣп¥¡ݸߵģż䡣ʵ˵ɾˣ̫֣ҴȥϢ
Ҷҡҡͷв˼յߣС˵֪֪ںδ
𡭡ſڣֵرͿ
Ҷ빫ӡ
һ
Ȼ֪λ빫˭ֻӮ˳誣ѧڣ;ӦǸˡҶʮ죬ŵùҶ۹⡣
ͣҲ֪ںδӦǸһˡ
Ҷ룬ʣûأ
Ҿ͸֪ˣڲ¥֮ɡ¥ǲӴ˵ġ
Ҷ˵ͷעԼ˵һ뿪ϣȴ˻
߳ȥûã˼Ҳͷ߿ȴûҶӰ
һ£æˣǿҶ𣿡
Ҷź߳ȥˡ
˼ɫ뵽¥ɻгء
һ뵽Ҷܻȥҳ誣һסˣ˵һҲȹ׷˳ȥ
ߣ̫ˣʮ̫ˣдޣ
ɴҸʱʮ
ҳһ£дҾ͸ƽ_(:١)_һʲôflagĸо
*
һƪѵġСޡby 졣
һֻСǹ׷޻޵Ĺ¡ŮԽ޼
İ
û뵽ԼһԽ˸СŮŸƴҤա
˵һھҪйײǡԭװֻüװư͡ǡɡ˸ݹСӣԸֻ˵˵
˭֪СӲöݺݵԼӻμƵϴڡ
СͻȻˡ
ֹ˼꣬С˸½׷
ʱϲ˿Լ֮ڡԽߣ
ɾ⴫еɷǣȴͻȻҴ壬𽵹סСԺ
½׷Ҫף
׷

 38 

Ҷûȥż, ǳ˲¥
Ȼ, Ÿ߳¥û, ֶǼʳ¥¥ĳżĴƿվڴǰЦЦҶ۾һ, æ˲¥֮С
ϰһòˣǲӰ
Ҷʱ, ˳һ䣺أ
뿪һӵ, ʵȴ, Ͳҵ𣿡
ҵЩ棬Ϊ빫ӽջڴ˴Ҷǵ, ӱۡҴǰҲ֪빫ӵѧʾȻҲ˳ڡ
·ѡ
˵ɣҶȴš·ҲͰˣ˭·, Ҫ˳̨˱һۻҲý, ֻͨܽ, ҪôֱײҲ
֪ٵ, Ҷ趼룬Īڴ˴, ֻΪ˴빫ӽ¥
ʵǹֶһЩǸү, ǴС֣ҲӦΪһڡǰźӣҶЩȷ
Ҷô֪㣿ָһˮ, ˵ǰҷŻţθ㴫ϢҶˣʡҲ鷳
Ҷյһڣ˵Щ˼
ֻǸԶԶһۣһ仰Ҳû˵ɲ֪ΪΣ;빫ҪԼġЩ顣
ӲҶңȻҲʮָˡƽܼĻ٣ҲֻеҲҺýлᡣ
빫Ҳҵ£
ӷʣǺ£Ϊβ
Ҷ跴ΪȻ̬ȶЩտ빫ӱۣǵһμ빫ӵ빫ȥƾٿĻӦҲ˲
Ҷ迴һɫϲɫŽ˵ҿҲǺˣĻӦҲ빫ģҲ˷ˡ
лᣬضڳ֮ϡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦŷˡ
ˮѾʿڵ¶ȣ̺˼ڣҲЩ̫裬¥Ǹ¥óдŮǵĲˮҲȥǰⱭڻζƳֻǸͨʳ¥ȴȹĲˮ̫ࡣ
ұΪҶңʦ
Ҷ̧ͷ빫Ӻ֮У
Ŀ֮£սҶҲңΪƫ̻һЩ򴽣ûס𣬿ҲǺεĻϲΪлų誡
Ҷָһ٣˰ΣŻ㱻عٿʱҲֻƽЦЦ빫˵Цˡ 
ȴԼ˵Ц֪Ҷ÷С»ԼǾгɾ¡
˵ĸҲִһ⣬Ҳĵף֪ˡշǵҶ裬гҲҶ裬Ϊ֣ܲǰ󷴲ԼҶ֮ĲɣҲʧˮ׼ȻҲǶҶ
ܶ˻ԼǷʲô飬ֻ֪û˾ûˡֻ³誻ҶֻᣬֽҶ¹˻ȥ
ʶʱҲװ𣺡誶ԲȣӲţҲΪӣֻҶʶ˲壬˵ûǰ¡

ҶҶ׷ᣬɳ誶ԲȣȴŹеصҶͲΪλ誱ԣ
ҶʶʣΪΣ
ҶίҲľ׷Ź
ҶĬȻòŵֻǹվ飬Ӵ˸ء빫Ҳˡ
һֻ̫ͬǱ֪öίɳȴ֪

˵ȻѾ޹֮ˣҲˡ
ΪʧǹҲʼѧὫȥֵѾ̻ӵеĶþʲôŬҲò뿪ʱʲôҲûʮһж
ʶȤһ⣬˹ȥ

˼ûҵҶ裬ȴҵ˳誡
߲ûˣֻһڴ߳񡣹˼ҿ˿ôҲûҶӰһ
ȻˣҲû뿪ڳ誶
ӡ
תͷ䵭Ʋͷȥ
˼ҧҧӾͲ𣿡
ʲô
˵оۻᣬ˵ӻҲˡ˼ЦеصǼӽշˣҲǲˡ
誼Ϊ䵭ع𴽽ǣвЦ⣬ȻˣǷҲˣ
˼Ҫдʫӿɷ뷨
û´
˼ҲܣԹԵؽ֪ûУˣҴд
дѵ͵
˼Ļ˵һ룬һ¿˺
ȴѾת󣬴˺ƣɴʱȴĿгΪ֪ܣһ͵˱˵ʫȴҲǸִ󷽷ǰֻǰ鲢δˣһǵãҵ뷨òỹҪ͵ҵĶ
˼ɫӲ޻˵
Ҷ趼û˵ʲôαָҡ
˵ԭ£ʹϡ誵Ҳᣬʯ
ҡ
˼̣ȴûס׹˼ⲻ˽֮ҲǴǿѹŭ㻹Ҫ˵ãǣҶǣ֪ںδ
ἰҶ裬課¡
֪
˼Ц׷Ϊ㣬߲Ӱ˵ȥ˺δ
ĿһзĻϲһ³ȥ
ɹ˼ȴͣ£絶شϣ㣬Ȼȥ
誳˵Ѿˡ
˶࣬ǻһƧ֮Ļᡣ˼ֻصɲ֪Ѿ˵ٹգҪˡ
һ
ξãŻ³ɫЩƣˣҪ˵
ˣ˵ֲ飬ÿζȥļҪլӸ׶ģҲǺ˵𣿡˼˵ֶģ»سӼʱ͵óƺһˡ
ȷҲ֪Ǽ١ؿտƾ
ǹпҺѳӰˡǳӲţɳȥңǷһ

誺޺޵һۣ˦˳ȥ
˼ȵ⣬
䳰ȷҲͰˣµģǳ誶Ҷۼ׾˶Ҷͷźá


 39 

ҶӴ, ۼʱ䲻, 뿪
Խͳʳ¥, ¥ڲԶûнȥ
һ飬ǲۼҶˡӵ, »ؼҶʱٸҶҵĸ롣
Ҷݸ빫ӿ, ǳȵ
Ӳÿɷ, ֻǵơ
ͻȥ, 빫£ҲЩȥɡҶ賯׵
ӵͷӦ, Ŀȥ¥ͣڲԶ뿪ת֮ǰ۽ȻƳſĳӰ, ü, 첽׷ȥ
Ҷ
Ҷʶػͷ, ȴҲһ裡
ס, һʱ֪ȿĸźá
ӵķӦҪһЩԽߵǰ, ס˵ϲƵʣкιɣ
һס
кܶ໰ҪҶ˵˹˼Ļ, о͵ĲѡҶΪˣҲҶ˺֮ȥңֻҶ塣
Ҳҹ, ֻҶлԼҡҡеԺǰˡڳ調ʵڲΪһˣֻƴҶѳɷˣֻҶᱻв
˭֪Ѱûȴһˡ
̨ۣǸΪλҹӣ˵𣬲֪͡ʱͣȴҶǰ
課ȥ˼йϵҲȥ롣
ĿԽӣ䵽Ҷϡ
裬ҡ
ءشĻҶ㲢κιϵ˶ӣƺҶҪҶ
ɫһףȴҲ˵Ļֽճȭֽ𣬲УҲ˷֡ؽҧξãŴӺһ䣺Ҷ
Ծ⣬ƵؿڵסҶȥ·£ÿ
л˵誶˶٣Ҷ裬ɷܸ˵仰ʱ䣿
ҶҲ޹ϵӦҲ޻ɽ

ÿ˵һ䣬ͱһ䣬ܲԾڽӿУ΢΢üĳƺδ빫ӡ
ӹ𴽽ǣЦЦûУ
Ƕ˵ĳɴĺܣǰһ뵽Ҷдͬһֽϣġ
Ҷ̾һקһ½ǡӶﱾ໰Ҫˣӵʾֻܲ£ΨĿ⻢һԣŵضŶˡ
Ҷ˵Ҳʺ˵ĵطǳҪ£лҲͲض˵ˡ
¡誼ᶨ˵ʮҪ¡
Ҷ趨ؿһϺԥ֮ɫѰһƧ֮誱õ˸ϣƫƫಽظҶʱ̵ҶԿģҲÿڸˡ
ڳҲñ⣬Ŀƣڲ¥֮мҶϲֻܲڸС誼˹˼Ļ
㣬˵취ӣ֮Ǹ䡣
Ҷ费ۣʯ·ϵֻųһߣŤŤ˳Ьƹ
ʣǳΪΰң
ü֪ҡԱɫһֽۣʣµĻ˻ȥ˼ŶݣҶ˵ֻǵһүʲôҲмܡѣҳҲ֮С
ѵ࣬ģȥˡҶ˵޹ϸ𣬳Ӳضǡ˵УҲûйϵġ
˵ĻֻȴһѼ⵶˵ĹϵƲĸɸɾҲֽѪ졣
ɫ԰ףҪͣҪļɰڳҲö˵ѧ֮ǫǰദʱٶ⣬СĲʫ֮УҶܶáɴʱľӷȴļ
ֻȻۣ˵㡭СЩ
ҶЩ⡣
ӲڣУģҲ⡣ʫҪլӣЩ¶Ѿ֪ս̵֣ѧţ䣬㡭㼴ˣҲѡ
ʵҶ裬ܷٵȵ
ٸһЩʱգȫİ취Ҷ³Ϊδޡ
Ҳ޵ÿͷʱ˵ĻģסеͷҶƶѾе·
ǣҶҲԸ
ԼҲ˵壬һʧ⡣ϸףҶԵּෳһǼˣһǰˣʹѿ
Ҷһʣ˭˵𣿡
課
ҶҲµóǹС˵ģ
ԥƬ̣˵ͷġ
ҶĿԱƮһЩ߾վһͣʫҲãլҲã˲޹ϵ
лӸ֪һᴦ
һ
ҶӺȻڣʱ磬Ҷûȥˡ
Ҷ˵ͷף¥
誱ϡ
Ÿ̧ţǰȻһֻ֣סȥ·ɻĿȥȴǸ͡
빫ӣ
ӡһüĿ˪һлҪʳӡ
誶˶٣ݣʣ£
ҵ¡
ĳƺ빫Ӳ޶Թ룬˵ѵΪ˱һ£빫ӱۣʵʹ죬лᣬĳ빫ӱƴһءˣ֪빫ӹǷڣĳҲۼ빫ӵ
˵Щ誻Щϲ
ӴݲȵصҪ˵ģҶ顣
һ㶣еĵ⣬ֱʶǰ˵ƾݡϵϲɫҲ˼ֽ䱸
ߣΧ۵̫ӣ

̫ӣȵţҽУ㡣
TTTATTT
*
ŭˤԼҲģҲģôСˣ
ƱҪ

 40 

ӿ֮ǰ, һ䣺빫л˵, ʲôݣ
ӷʣʲôݣ
, ܹ鲻͵ݡἰҶ裬в̫õԤС
ŵҶ
˵ʲô˼ҵȻҲʲô˼ 
誵ɫ, Ͻ䱸֮
ǵˡ΢΢һЦֶվ, ͦñֱ, ҲһͷѵͲ, ҶȥĶ
㡭
Ҷڲ¥мң˵Ϣ, صѰҡ˵ʲô˼ʲô뷨ҲӦ֪֪ǴǰлԼ, Լû, Ҷװ, ޹ϸ, ҲӦñӣҶ
ء
˼˵, 㵣Ҷ, ûҶƲϵʵһû뵽, λƽƽͣȻҲҶ⡣
ĸࡣ
뵽ۣΪҶڿԼ໶ϲλ빫ԼվһҶ迴ˣ
ԶҲȷۼվһȴġ
ܸġ
ұȥʲôݣ˵֪㣬Ѿ˵͡Щ֪ʹӻЩ˼
Ȼ֪
һҭ
е˵ʫҪլͣΪβֻ֪ƽ෱æŰΪתӵҲصΣڣʲôҲǰԣպҲ档Ҷؼ޸ңʱӿɱ˹ϲ
ЩԣͣΪҪæ
Ӳÿɷ
㲻ʹӣʣ㾿ʲôݣ
ûлش𣬲Ųæ˵˵䡣Ҽб檣ӷŻпҫ֮ԡڳӿҿɷҶ
֪ݣ
Ҳ֪
αװͣƭ֮£ҲģԴǼ񣺡ԼҲҰڳҪƭƷٲҲֱڿ죬ֱֱҲ˵պһһ𣿡
Ц⣬ʲôָң
һ͡
²ˣҼҲеöؿҶҲǹ󡣶Ѷϣϲϣ˵һһΪлԼȴݣ
ָ𣬽˵ɫҰס
ƫƫӾģҲ޷ĵ
ҲȷлԼҲȷǷŲҶ衣
΢΢빫޹ص£빫Ӻα๡
ҲҶӦҲ㽲ЦѾҹҶѵû˵˵װף㲻ġ
飬빫Ӳ֪顣ѹŬά򶨣Ȼ֪Ҳöԡ
˭˵Ҳ֪ʣݵԼҲǳȻˣܷ˲֪
誱˿ڡ
ǰлԼԼȴڳǧϡ뿪ʱһԲȴָֻţ
Խ˵Խ뵽ϱӣѪӿųҲǺ޲Ŀ絶⡣
˵ϱҲ飬ֵõ誣
ȴһأ˸࣬ԳҲۡ
ҪģǳǧݡѾǺˣٶ࣬ҲĲˡ
ĳĴӲЩ
ӷ̵Ѳ㻹Ҫ˵ƣȣ
ɫףŴִؿӣ·𲻿ڣ㲻лҡ
֣ǰһ˹ǣЦ⣬ֻмĿҲ˵ҸƲ㡣
ʣĸ֮Υ
Ȼ㲻ΥǾ͸
ſڣȴ޻ɲ
ǲģЩʱʳѰ
˵Ȱɽ𣬳еļϣ˳ĶΪ˶ҪӣָֻῴҶˣ˱˵ӡ
ϲʮĹһμоֻҶ裬Ҳ֡Իʹ̡
ֻǺޣΪûȫ֮ߣΪ޷˳ġ
˵ֻҪٵȡ
ӺشĻҶΪҪ㣿
ֽ
ҶﲢĶַҪҪΪҪ˳⣿ӼαҪ㣿ȨǳҸҪ󳹳׵׽ˣ
ֻԼ
㵱һЩΪţҵܾмֵ޹£ޱȫЩʱչȥҶ趼Ϊǰ̱æȴֻԹˡӶ˶٣Цһ㡭Ҳȥˡ
ػҵͷĿѣЩվȡ
֮ԣС츳ڣһͨҲиΪѾǽ߾ȫнⷬɾͣΪǫѷҲΪЩλ빫ǰȴֵһᡣ
ӽᵽ˳ƶ£׹ӣȥЩʲôҲûʣ¡Ӷӣ»ᷢеԼж಻
ɴĵͬ
誳Ĭޱ粵֮ԡ
ջߣ࿴һ۶м
ͣڽֽǵ뿪ͽһԭغܾãųصĽŲ¥
¥ѾʼӱŪīæ˵ȥ˺δⶼ鲻ʱˡ
誵͵Ӧһ̧ͷ¥Ͽȥ¥żŴգ֪Ҷ棬ɴˣҲӰӡ

Ҷ֮󣬱õ˼ע⣬ƵƵתͷ˶ܲ
Ҷûдصߡ
ĳϾҪʼʼĥĿ֮󣬲д
Ҷдò죬ʮ档дԼ£յԱ߿ҷ´ŵΨ۾ԽԽУĿⶼ᲻ƿ
д£ཻĦСۡУΪڣӮٿޡ
ҶΪעҲһչվһһңҶͣʱ뷢һã
һ£㽫˵עⶼ˹
Ҷдʲô£Ҳ
Ҷ˵һߣ˽Լߴݷġ
תͷ˼˼»δд꣬űĲɣ㳯߿˹úҶ߶ϡ
Ҷ貢ֱֱܿУڣСдʲô£ɷŮ
˼һ㶣ʶֵסԼǰֽ
ߣСǻˣֻɳһ׷ĽŲ
СңΪֵٶ̫Ҳ׷ʮҵĽŲ
ƽҲˣѾСˣͺͷˡ

 41 

˼ǰʫ, ȻҲ¡²ʫƪ, Ŀ, ҶдҲһǳɣдıҶ軹Ҫ
˼Լǰֻдһ, һδдá
ҶҵȹСдǡ

˼æʣЩҿ
Դ͵ҶʫҴ֮, ҶЩ, ΨҶٴνҴԼʶЩΡΡ, ҶĿϣâڱ, ̧ͷ
ǱߣҲҶ¡
ǵһ꣬Ҳǵһ̲סȿ, дʵ̫ˣ
ǰǰҲͷ, , ҶƪʵǺ, Ҷ£ǷЩòˡ
ҶӦЩ, ĿȻŹ˼
д, ˵¶ҪѾд꣬Ҳʼ͸յС˽δµֻ, ţ˼Ե÷
˺ʣСдôˣ
˼ܿЩĿ⣬ͷԼĬдһݣн벿ֱôҲ벻
˵Ҫһ
ҲͲٴţѹСۡЩ䵽˼ĶУһˣȥȴҲҶҶꡣ
ĿҶ裺裬˺ô
ҶջߣûС
ƭң˲˽㣬һ˽𣿡˵㷽ųȥ֮ٻȻȥ˵鷳ˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôҲ֪ҶԹ˼ܱܣǹ
Ƶĺ棬˼˼ƽΪˣֵҶʲôίһļ١ 
ɵ˶һˣ˼ȴδдáǺǧ˶йգҲҴߴ١¥ǵ±֮ܳ͵
ǳӵ£ӵҲдˡ
۾һȥ
ûסչȥһۣҶ֣Ŀ󣺡Ϊγӵ·ǲǰˣ
Ȼܳ£ɳ誵Ĳѧȴʵʵѽ
´ҶУҶҲһۣ΢΢üͷǳӵˮƽ֮͸ԥԴҲᶨ㷢׳־ػ£ԼĻɡ
Ҷ谵룺֪뿪֮빫誶ַʲô
誳Ѿãһƪʧˮ׼ɵлڣδ̫࣬ЩʧҲ˳ſ˼䡣
˼һǳ誵£æѱһҲչȥûУ誵¾ͶǺõģ˿ޣҲɣذͷ
Ů𣺡պ˭޸Ƕһ¡Ҳǳ۹⣬㶨˻Լ
˼ǵ⡣
誵´ϣУ֣·͸һƼδ誵Ľǰ̡
ٿҶ裬ԾҶһǼĽȻ
һɨգôҲ벻¶˺˼ʽƪȫһǳɡ
īδɣȥܳ͵棬Ҳ˵С
ֻʫδ£͵ʫȣڴҲΪˣһ±¾ޣҲϸȷʱ˵ۡ
ҲҶ֮üͷ壬һ¾۷һֲԸڿ˼һ尾᲻ѡξã³һСҶ˵ֿ󡣡
Ҷûлش𣬶վ
˼˴ӵƮƮȻ̧ͷ㿴Ҷ³Լǰ
С㡣Ҷ迴˵С֮мס
е⣬ſڱ￴ף
Ҷ轫·ϣָĳỮһС֮еһ仰ʲô˼
ǵǹ˼Ҳ׷̽ͷȥȴ֮дΪõһΣ˵ʣҲǽλ顣ƣҶѧӦײǡ
˼ͷһɫʱӲ
زƺʲôԣæȹС˹ܵסҴϡ
ҶᵭС㲻֪
ҡ˼ܿĿ⣬ַ˵߶ۼԼϣһʱﻢ¡
¾ͱ£ܽ˼˵סҶ£Ҫô죬ҪôĽͺãΪλҪʳ
Сд£СΪ˵ףҶɻ
䵽ϵĿҲĳĬ˼ԥ
Ҫ֪ϻ͵ʫ飬ڳ˿ɶأٻۼֿʼСֹ
˼ҧиж
Ҷ̾һǽˣָһΣأ
˼亹ֱҧ˵иж

Ҷջ֣ȻˣŮҲûˡ
Ŀ£˰ΣЦһ£Сɵüǵöġ
˳Ļȥ̫޶ӣһᣬ˶ˡ
룡֣ɵдü
˼
ߣǧģΪʲô

 42 

˼ŭػ˺
˷ڼе, ֻϢ˵ĶҪһЩ, һ˼֮ܳ˻, ˼ʱ˷ڿ

˷ͷһϲ, æ, ڿ¡д, ԭдʫͼ, Ҳдá
˷е⡣Ů츳˳ڣ㳤Ұ, ҲȾ֮˭ҵĹ
˷ϲ֮ҶȻʺҲῴҶ£ġȸ³һļ, ɾ˲֪ˡ
˷, ŹٳŰݷüλ, ٿ޹˼ĻǰҶ軹ʱ, Ļ˲٣ȴ޶ٸо, ɻԼŮ, ֻһ䣬ù˷˾ûϲ
˵ˡ˼ǡ
, ˵Ļù˷Ҳüͷѵǳʲô
ǣҶ衣˼Ǻɲ֪Ҷжɶ񡣡
˷˵£żʣֶʲô
˼ſڣȴǲ֪οڡ
Ҷ边Ȼдó˺һȡЦ
ûעģ˷ǰȻ䣬ɹ˼ûзϣƫƫ⻰Ҷ迪ڣǶ˵Ͳһˡ֮˿һۣЩ˶ĵ׳Ц
ЩҲͰˣдһƪ£Ҷȴ䣬Ǿм׷к塣֪ʲô⣡
Ҷһʣ˿Ŀⶼˣ޵ĻҲﻰ⣬Ҳдġ˼ҧгݣȴҲ޿κΣ˭ǵ˵
ǵʱ岻죬Ҳ޷Լ⡣
˼ã˵Ҫһ
˷˾ȵʲô
Ҷ顣Ҫ뾩õһܱҶ
˷˵ͷӦ£Ծɻ󣺡ĲѧͨҲһ̵ܽ㣬дЩʫЩ£ѾȾ˶ˡֲȥαࡣ
˼ѵòͬĻа룺ǲѧһЩһ»ٱҶסҪñ˸ο
ƽչҪвл͵˵¡ܲܵ͹ҶȥǰѧѧǳŮѵҶȥ
»ؼҶ裬ҲҪҶʵƿԣҶҲݺݶһ
˼¶ģŹ˷ⲻΪ˳𣿳ӶˣһֱϽ֪ҲŬˣȻҹĿ࿴
Ͻ˷Ȼˣֻѧࡣ˷룬ߵĴѾߣǰĸ
ѾӦҶǶŷˡ
˼üͷΪҪҶͬһʦѵûиõ𣿡
֪ŷ˵ҶģѧΪڣ㿴ǳȴԶԶȲϵĶŷˡֻ֮Žԡ˷˴ȰصŮ࣬Ů١ģǲġ
˼룬Ҳ˵ͷ
̳ܽҶѧǳģǶȻǾ֮õˡ
ѧһʱ䣬Ҫó誹Ŀ࿴ҲҪҶѵ

¥ۻ֮󣬹ȻҶǰ㣬һ˲١ھۻ´˳ȥ˶ˣ֮Ҷµļ˲١
ƹæȥµļǮִ󷽵ĺܣ֮֮гҲԼǮˣҶ豻ߡ
°ӡԼһʽպãƹЦеصҵһռҶʱ֪ҶպȻ򵥣һҵֱȻҲӦˡҶҲ֪˲ٿˣűûҶ˵ǴǰҲûҶĺá
Ҷݸƹڵؽͳ֮ǰߴཻƪ¹Щʱյ顣
߳ȥʱһ߽ţſڱСɷҶ飿
Ҳһˡ
Ҷ򴽣ȴ̲סеϲ⣬ԼģΪԼĲضЩ˼
߳ȥԶ֮ҶЩƲסڽתһȦһ뿪֮ҲûЩطҶƶһͭǮҪĻЩﷴûôҪǸʲôҲûУҲʰˬ᲻ϲЩ
ҶеǮֻŸԼһӣָҶĸҲѡһʽ󷽵ġеǮ˴롣
ѣҶĸҲû
ۿʱ仹룬˳·ȥ㣬׼ȥۻֱʱ˵Ҫȥ̤࣬ȲڶգΪҹ˯ţѾ͵͵£ֱڶմݼҡ˵мԵʣҶЩΡ
Ǳ֪իĵģһĸ꣬ſ˺óĶ飬Ҷ׺ûһŵȻŨ˱ǶͷܶҲʼ̡
Ҷ
ҶɵջǰĽš
ǳˡ
˵һȻҼǵãǳߵˡ
Сǡ˺ƵصҶүҶظ˵

Ҷ¶ԥ
ǹ˷ˣǳ̬ȽȻͬҲһ¡
ɵص뿪ʱ˷˵ˣκιϵ
Ҷ˵ЦˣЩǷ˵˼үɴδ˵ҶӦǵãүǰ۰ģôδүҲʮصСĳҡҶ룬үһֱ¿˯˶᲻÷أ

үֻҶȥ˵˵仰Ӻ˼ү˵䲻ŮҲôĸŮֻںүһƬ˼Ů֮ģҶҲСĻȥһˣһү
˵ľУһƬϡ
Ҷԥ
˷˵䵭ͬȷǺõģҲǴȸӦпʱĸ䵭ܶʱż·ϣҲǳ֪
Ҳǵã˼׺δ˵һ仰û˴Ҳûмһ档
ǲ࣬˷ȣȴǺܶܶˡ
ƺ֪ӦִӻͳһǺҶдױţҶﲻ翴֮
ҶĬã˹
ûд򿪿ֻ侲˵Ҹȥһˡ
ȥһˣǰο˼м
ǣҲѾµĵˡ
ߣ~

 43 

˷˲ͬ, ȫˡ
˵̬ŵõ, ͣڽֿ, ʱŵҲʺãһһҶ, Уа뿪ǰȸ͵ģ
Ҷִ, ԼȻǳǧ, Ʊ, ¡
ں߹ԼϤĻ, ھǴа꣬լ̫|״ͣס˻û, Ҳʲô仯
ߵ鷿ǰʱ, Ҳƽ
һƪ¿, ֽᱡ, ī͸ӱ濴ּģҶƽ߽ȥ, 
α˿æ, 𣺡˺Ͳҵˣ
Ҷ费ûлش
Ҳ, ½ƪ𣬵ǰд£ҲˣдõȷǺá⼸ҿ飬ȥҶ֮Ҳδиһ⣬дҲȴǰ˲١ܺá
Ҷ˵Сġ
ڰ֣˼λǰԸһˮҶ費˵ղˣ
ҶŶ˲յ
һڣַ¡Դ̬ǰ𣬺ЩʱʲôδԸӦ䵭һЩ˷ŭҲȺ޷ֱĺá
˷˵˺֮󣬾޹ϵСŮģǡ
ЦЦʣûкҪ飿
Ҷ˿ڡ
˷˵ȷ뿪գʱĻ䣬֮Ѿ˺ůȥ׵
ҲԼѡ£׵ϣ˼Ҳݲ˷վŮǱߣӶÿ
˷Ů˼˷ӦҲѾתˡ
˼ףһû׶뷨
Ҷ˶٣̧ۿҵ뷨
̾һظ֮ƫҵһʱ嶯صضҪ£û뵽Ƿˡݵ£ֻҲǣУ֪ҲίŴȥҶҺú侲աôգҲʱýӻˡ
һҶգգۣظһ飺غ


ô㲻˵ţ̾һ֪Щ˲ίǱߣһȥ˵㰲Ļ˸ҽԭڸйʲôӣ͹ʲôӣԭסԺҲţûסȥҲڣһͿסϡ
㽫֮鰲ˣҶ農ţδһ仰ȵˣһҲˣſڣҪҵ˼
ŻЦţʶЩԣϵĺͰҲ
ҲȥҶɫ䵭߽֮ʹδ侲С˺׵һҲԼ׵һҵĵҺܺãδʲôί鵱ͲǺ£λҲٺò
㺰ʮĵ㲻ҵŮҲ㵱Ů֡´һ˵˺ίԼϴģͷϴģеѾ߶硣ʮ꣬ɲǽ͵ũгԿġ֮󣬾ͻǺĹǰеģһҲȱ
ҵأҶʣǾһŮ
ǣһһӣǺ٣ǡ

ЦеصȻʱգˣҲѰһ˼ңǺĹжῡҪȢӣǰҲǲ޷ֱġ
˵ø仰ǹػ
Ҷȴôĵ⣬ָⶼƲסزҧأ󵨵ȥֱӳƵһϵӳеȫİ
ٻأгվο鶼䶨ôܵʲôҲû
ҵĻԼأѵñü˳ʮĵĽƽͷһʣҵĻԼѾ˱ˣҲһ𣿡
ü㻹
һ䣬Լ飬֪𣿡
Щ鶼ס󡣡Ǹؿ֪ʱ򣬴Ѿˡ
Ҷ˵˷˴£誵ĻԼѾʮ֮꣬˭֪ԼȻˣ¹غ˷ѵʹǵ桭һҲ֪𣿡
ֻüͷĿϣ͸Ųͬ
ûзҲûнڡĬˡ
Ҷ賹ģһƲͷƿĿ⣬һ۶࿴Ҳ˭Լ뷨˵֪β
Ǹ
վߵǰſƪͷɨĿд֮ͣǰһֱ⣬ûкúý㣬Ҳûѧȥޱںʮ꣬δҲ㣬Լĺܺá
ҶصϧҲŮ
һӣұΪǺѪ̫ɼԽ֪࣬ǳ˵ŻЩпҪģȴȫϡ
Ҷ費
ҷ˵ĻǼٻҵȷҪӻظСʮ꣬ҸõõʣŰȻӦҲҵ˼
Ϊ
һ£ô˵
˷СΪǣӦҲŽҽеҶޱصǹСˣҲ޹ϵ
ʲôЦһЦ棬Ȼʥ裬ʵȨΪ˴֪ϽһǸɢү̵ҲֻлϻʺھкаԵҲƽϡﵣͷ磬Ҳûִ֣̫֪ˣƫ̻˭Ҫкã
лôңЩ֮ˣԺŮݼ޹ȥλҲ͡
ҶеѾȫȻİ
УǶصĸɽʱĵܣֱܽ˴ãĵӦҪʲôĹ³Ϸ˽еڻһһ˵˵֪ҫĻϡЩѫԻͣɾ
ټֻһˣܾãԼӦЩһúδҲ̡ĴУܶϡ
Ȼƺֻһ롣
վǰʱȴеԼ볣Ҳ޷ֱŮҲǹ˼أ鲢޹ϵ
ҶȻʼ
ûй˼֣ûʣȻҪõ˷˵ע⣬õĿ϶ǵĻаٰ㲻ԸҲҧȥ
Ҫĵﲻӡ
ļƶҶĸ͵͵ѣĿζԸʱ̵Ҷÿζǵøģ׽ֻ͵͵й˼µľÿյڳſڣ衣
ҪҵԸҶԼ˵Ѿµļңȥ
ļңϣЦǶũ
ҵұҲũŮ
ΪôĿӣøҪǺĹҲȥΪ±Կ࣬鱦ѾʹӣӦоУЩǰУھͲҪˣ
ҪҳСҶŵҲֻҰ廧ţûԺաѾ߳ǧ·Ҳҵ·ߡ
·д£ͷǵ΢ӣüȻɻǲ಻мдٶ£дٶʫֻҪҶָͷǵСȻûˡ
Ҷվֱ̧˿壺סҵ·Ҳһ·ֻǸѣ߶ѡѾǺˣ˷׿˵պκιϵ֮һỹ˷˶һܽҪЮҡ
ʲôЦٻȴҪЮ
Ҷ跴ʣҲԸΪβ㣿
һкܶ˽㣬Щɼ¶˳ԸѣںũĵҪЮ㲻ҲԹ
үԸĸҪЮ޴ȻáҪɾ֮жź˲٣ҲҲʲôҲûУϵ˳жཻүô֪˭ǻȸ
ҶٰԼ磬˵ʱҲûе֮⣬޷ȷ˭ԸΪԼﳤԼ빫ӡ
޳ֵñ˰æĶò
ƴЩΨһв˵Ķ
ȻҲ֪ƣĿ֮лмֿСݣȵʱڵġ
ҶЦһ£˵ҴӦҲŻڡ
˵תߣͷҲء
˱ȴס˵ü˳Ŀվ࣬С۽͵͵һ·Ŀ͡
ֱ߳˺ţҶŷԼ亹
̧ͷ죬ȴǴģա
ߣ̫ӣִ磿ĸĸ磿
*
~~
使By¹ʱ
ļĵմŮɼǻؾ
Ȳط꣬˭֪ѵӣŷɥ¡
ǵĸ󳤹ӣŵԺ󣬵СⳤҰСŮɫԱ壬дɷδŮӡ
ȫϾֻ֪Ҫ޹ȥǵǵػѡ
Ŵ£ŵľսҹ£󳤹ż㡮ޡ
˭֪գ㱻㳶ڻУŭޣҲ⣿
ɶ񣬲ҰƦգһ亹ϣϡ
ش˳޶ȣ˵Ͼٹ٣µۼɶùһС

»С糡
ϾĺشˣȢޡ
ݡռϾһɫ
»գش𣬾䰵ɫɫ繣кߴӣĹ
ɫãʲôԱ壬дɷ㾡ıѾá
ףش곤/ؽ/ƽ

 44 

ھõĵض, סҲǴԹ, 䱸ɭ, ·壬Ҳٻ·ҶʱȥȴҪȫԼ˫ȡ
ݼҲסƬ, £ҶҲġ˺, ·ߡżԱ·, ˵һ, ÿ
̤Ҷ费ʯש·, שܣðͷӲҲƽ̹Զ˻, ǰͣ
Ҷ΢΢̧, ȴǿͣǰ
Ҷ
̧ͷ, ų, Ҳм⣺Ҷˣ
ôɣּҶҶкЦ, ϲؿѵóż, Ҳ⣬ɻػضܼҶҶʵԵҶô
Ҷ·ѡ
Ҳ˵··ĵطҶҲ, ֻǺʣҶҪȥҶһ̣
⡭
ҶɣҲ˳··Ҳи˵˵
ҶһûоܾСĵ
Ҷǰдƪ£ҲˡҶ˻ϲصǰЩʱʫȣҶƪ¸ӳɫδйõģҿ飬ԽԽϲ
Ҷ򴽣Щˡ
ʱ˵˼ҽб˻һʱͷҲŭȾǰȣȴԴûƽءҶжԴҲʮģǱŭ֧䣬ͷʮֵı¶ʮһ֡
ҶǰЩд£һȻʮϸ¡Ҷ˲δ˵ʲôãﻰⶼǿޣҶǫƮƮȻֻԼϵ˼С
ͷͨ죬˼ȥҶˣ˹ˣҲδз˵ôá
Ҷ˵ѵ˵û۹⣿ҶЦƽɴδ˵ЩԾ۹ⲻҵһ۾ͼҶʱҶպȻҶﲻãҿˣ
һ˵Ҷ˵ĻֻǶĸеǵСȸԾҲ˳ҶһƣĿʲô˼ݸҶ֪ҼҶʱ;еĺܡҶͣҲŮġ
ʧŮҶ˵ˣǵ˶֪˶ҶҶ軹һ
̧ͷҶ˵ɫϻؼĸãԭǲݣվǴߺЦȻãʲô¡
ҶɲĸΪԼСĵ̽˵Ů
ҶĸˣյһϢһɨգ޲֪ҶһʣҲ̲ס˵öˣһŮ£ֻСʱˡ˺ö꣬ڵõ
ʮʲôϢյڴأҲʧأʼղġ
ϻöԶĵطңǵҵһЩٴϲ壬ϢԼȥ飬ֱȷ棬ûס°Ů뿪֮ĴأСÿһʱͻطʮ꣬׻ټѾ׷˹ȥ
ϾҵŮˣҶβˡ
ֻӼҶ𣬺ϢһһˣԼŮ䶼
ֻ޲̾ҵŮǰҫһٺú۳ŮֲЩȱǻУҪллҶһ״յʫҲ뵽Щ
Ҷһˣ̲ס˵öˣҶ߶߶šҶĬţʱһ䡣ͣʱҶ˲ŻȻԼ˵ͷ
ʱЩ˼ȴҶһ·¡
ҶҡҡͷҶСҲʮ˵ġ
Ҷûϲ뿪ЩᡣҶ˼ռҶʱĵطæסҶѴҡ
ҶʱҶһ·ϣסǶ˼Ҷ֪ţҲúðͻȥ뿪֮ҶҲܹ˼ҹѣϻػ͵ʫγѱֱв
ҶŸмӦ£лˡ

֮ҶдõʫĽ˳ǡ
ԭԼˣÿվҪ£ٰӣҶǰüأ߶ʮ¥֮˼۸񣬽ȴǵһΡ
̤ǰҶ軹ŽӿʲôֵܵӶˣܹõĶҲˡ
Ѱûҵƹ񣬷ƸҶƹĲڣɡ
Ҷһ㶡
ЦЦҽʫķƹ֮󣬰ǮתҾǡ
⡭Ҷ飬Ҳû
ƹǰ˸ҴΪξͲˣеصƹȥ˺δȥǡ
ΪѵҶ㻹ɡ
Ҷ費ԣֱߵ̺ͷǰ죬Ҳ˽Ĳ֣Ƶ󣬹Ȼ˶治ƹ
ƹڨڨЦЦҶ
Ҷƽؿƹǳȥˣ
ˣɻˣ
ƹȻˣǲҲһҵʫģǰ˵õģҶˡ
⡭ƹΪѵؿҶۣĲУֻð½ӹװģ˷ŵЩУ
Ҷ׷ʵﲻУ

Ҫ˵УҲûеġ
Ҷ棬մЩʫҲдãϸϸɾͿĵĵطҲܳƹַ֮кδһס
ֿҶҾֱ˵ɣ¡
Ҷ׼׶˵һ
ҶͿǰõķϣ͵͵㡣ƹѹǳǱص˵ǲ׼Ҷ¡
ƹϻؿɶ˵ˡҶӻͳϴǩµǶһ׼û뵽ˡ˵ˣΥԼøӡ
ƹ̾ȻǸ˵ˣҲ

ҶҲȥˣȫҶ¡ҶҲ֪ǲСģҵҶҲΪˡƹҲмͬȰҶ˺ȥǸд˵ĹҶ
ҶĬԼʫպá
ƹЩ̣ҲûʲôֻܰϵĸǮԽ˳ȥ
˵Ҷǵȥ֮㻹Ըд£վɸ㿪Ǯ
ҶӦˣȴ̫ϣƵͷװݣͷҲûˡ
·߽ʣûҶ£
ȴ˵ûˡ
ҶͷƹƹҲǸ⣺ҲǺ˼
֪ˡҲΪƹ񣬴Լ취
ƹһ
ƹƹأдһ󺰴УôҪ鶼ûУʲô
ƹһһ¹˲Ҷ裬æ˹ȥ
Ҷк棬Щ죬Ҳȥ
ֻ֮Уż֣ŭسƹ𣺡ʲôûˣû㲻ӡ㣿ɵ㲻µģ˵ûоûˣϴʱ򣬻˺øһأôûˣⶼôˣҶҲˣȴǲǲ뿪ˣ
ƹˣ⡭£ʵûа
ڵصҶֻôûУҪҶ£ͱòͰĵˣ
ЩվһſᣬĦȭơ
Ҷ裺
ߣ~
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 45 

տʵǲù
Ҳ֪ʲô, մ¥֮, ̫ӶͰٰ, ¥鶼˻ʺǵûʵۻʺȥѵһͨʵڵù
һڸп˼ڤ룬ȴ벻һȻ, ֻ뷽跨ֺ̫ӡ
Ҫ˵ֺ̫õİ취ǲҶ
Ҷ豾, ҲͲ, ³˹Ҷ
Ҷ軹ͷһؼ˿, Щܳ£
ҶտǴµ¹ģϲãҲؽӡ, ֱӽͺãʮ򣡡
ļ۸񲻵ͣʮӣǿɵǸ߼ˡ
Ҷݸ, Ƴƹ, ȴƹһֵؿԼ, ҲΪλʶ, Ǿǲ⣬мֽšϾƽյɲ̫á
ɶҲ˵, ֱֱȥ, л˼Ҳ˺á
󷽷ؽԼ˳Ҫֱ߰, ҲûҪġ
һ£ӹȥʱЩûӦ˷Ҷ¡ͷһƹֿһԴ̫⣬ҲܷʲôԾˡ
Ҷ²Ҫӵģһתƹ񣺡ô£ҶҲҪƲҶƲ
ƹ᣺⡭ҲҰ
㲻ңʲôңҶдã˿˶ˣõ£㶼óƲʲô
˼ţ¶Ҫȥ̫ǰ״
£Ҳˣְ̫ǰķԸǵҶģտϲ£üһ˺ü֣ǴҶ
ҲϵЩ˭̫˵ġ
߿˹Ŀ֮ϡ档ҶԱߣ֪ǽҶҲȥ
Ҫܶ飬ǿɱĸѰ
ƹ񲻸ҵ飬æķԸҪЩ˳㼯壬ӣҲŮʫѵø߸ߵģЩָһ׳ۡ
󷽷ĸӣҲûǸҶ裬ִҡ뿪
ô˻ᣬҶҲɿ뿪෴ķ
λͷӶС˵ȫʼ˵Ļ
ֱӽ˹
ƬҲҵ飬һ·𼱻ǵؿ񱼽磡磡ˣ
æŹ̧ͷƳһۣܵ¹ڲģƿߣù˶ϲˮȻּͷ
磬ǹҶ顣
˼£æëʣ²ʣ´ˣ
ûСҡͷӻָݸҽȥûҶ飬˭֪Ҷ¾ȻˣҶﻹ⼸ƪ¸ң˵ûҪˡһ;òԣ̾ˡ
ӽӹͷָ壬һ䣺ģ
ʶʲô̧ͷظ֤磬ģ˵ЩҶأӣҶãҺҶûж˵һ䣬ϻ˵Щˣ֤˻ɣҲ֪ҶĹϵ
⡣
ûãһ˵ʲôϵ

̫е巭˼ҳֺƤȥұҶﱾ˵ģ˵ȥҶҾû˽ס磬ǲҶˣ
š
ǳǸ˼ҵС㣿
ûлشָã˼Ƭ̺󣬵ȥ°¡

ҶûӣҶĸ̲׷ٵ׵ʣ֪˵¡
ҶĸȻοվͲˣȥһЩҲǷҪЩӡ
Ҷܶ˵ˣƽǼУҲд£һʱ󣬾Ȼ˲١
ҶĸУеǣȴ֪Ǻá
ҲҺãҪˣҲöŮһ˶룬ҶһæеˣҲҪҶȥߣȥɽˮ׷ѣ㽫е˶˸顣
ҶҴ岻󣬴Ҳմ״ʵģ˭ԼҵݡҶڣһҲЩǲס
գҶһҶҶĸһţȥɽɨĹҶҴضһɽ·˲ϤĴҶ˳ͷһ㿪ʼӲݡҶĸҶһԽĶϡ
ҶЩȻȥʱҲڹ˼üϷˡʱͱϷ˱ʱϷϤϣںϷ˶ãϧϷȥ磬ÿϷ˼ʱȥСסգϷ
뿪˺Ϸ˶̣ٶϷλ˵˵С
ҶЩܣҶĸܷȥаݰݣ
Ҷĸ񣬲֪Щʲô˵Ƭ̣þòӦãһȥ
Ҷŷġ
˶ݹ֮󣬲ɽߡߵһʱҶҶĸȴȻͣ
һȻȥҺطҪȥ
Ҷͣ½ŲЩ󣺡ɽϻδݹһȥˡ
Ҷĸԥ֪ǷӦ£ųҶһۡ
ҶǾ͸ϰɡ
Ҷĸ̾һӦˡ
ɽֲïʢдУЩ·ƽﱻߵöˣͳ˲·С˵ˣʮ·ɽϡҲ֪ǲҶƫƧĲ·֮ҶĸһµС˵ҲӦĲˡ
⴦·Զأ֮󣬾ûʲôˡҶôǰ·ûһ˦ԶԶģҶ赽ʱݡ
һСأûĹҶҲ֪õ˭
Ҷĸɿ֣ʣµĶ˳ڷǰڷǰҶӲݳˣһ£Сط
˳ĬԣΨĵϢҶ輸ſڣǣҲͽ£վһԲ˵
ξã˲һ㣬ҶĸɿĨһŷҶվ
ȾˡҶĸ۾е죺Ǹûȥˡ
Ҷ˵ͷɽߡк棬ͷСһۡȻҶҶĸӲݶûж٣ûĹǰһչޣղҶĸʰʱ򣬻ժҰ
Ұ紵΢΢ҡΣ¶ֵ֮СҲ紵˼㸡ڷȼֽǮҶֽһڿи
ʮҪˣҲ󻹱ϡ
˭


 46 

ƽе, Ҷĸ޾ϸȫ, ҶСصʱ, ҶĸȴǳĬ˺ܾá
ֱص˼У˵Ľ㡣
㣿Ҷ۾һи㣿
岻ãʱ, ӹҲúܣûûˡҶĸ, Ҳһ, ·𿴼˺ܾǰĹ, ôСҲû, ǸŮޣأǲܽصġҺģͽںɽ, ÿ궼ȥ
ҶʱգȻҵĽ, ҲӦðݰ, Ǵˡ
ż, պеǻᡣҶĸȰصҪģҺ֮ȥ, Ҳȥ, ֮⣬Ҳû֪ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ҷĸʲôæ㲻˵

ľ, ߱ˣ͵ҲֻһҶĸСǧᡣ
ҶЩ⡣סͬһҼһʲô飬ùĵҶĸĺز㲻ܽأдףʹЩҲӦ֪ǡҶĸ涣ҲӦˡ
˵ˣҲֵ˵顣
СصԵʣҶĸȻգҶһȥǰ˵˵ģ˸ʵӾ̣Ϊ㣬ҶҲûһϡ
֮һʮֳʱйס£ƽʢǵҲ㲻ʱȻ᷿š
еСԺÿʱ򶼴ѾͣСԺȣͨ͵᷿Ҳʮխʰʮࡣ
Ҷǰÿ궼Ҫסһʱ䣬Դ··ϻ˲ʱ䣬ºʱѾ磬ҶҶĸһȥ㣬ǸϷˣҶĸΪǸδƽĽ㡣
һεʱϷ˵һյƣܹϷѾȥˣյҲţÿ궼ҪһƣЩǮǰЩ»˲٣ҲϡҶĸ˵˼ǮҲһյ
飬Ҷĸ·˽һ׮£Ҳ˲١һ˴ڣ߶߶ضŵ˵ŻҶҲһ˵ͷ
ʱҲ㣬ҶȴҲв٣Ϊ۵ģһĸߴˡҶƳһۣܿҴջߡ
ӦǽʿһͦñֱأδףվǶʶرÿҿ
վɰأޱʱ˵ĺܣɻͷʱȴɽѩڣ齥ü䣬֮˻δ̤Ѿ첽ǰ˷ס
ҶüĿͣԼķЦЦҪ˵ʲô۽Ƴʲôתͷȥ
壬̾ϲؽ˳Ҷ
Ҷ̧ͷͿվҶߣҲԼ㶣Ŀ䵽Ҷϣˣ
ҶôҲҶ˦֣˵ǰҾ˵ҶԵߵĶҶҶҲ㣿
Ҷŵͷ
ҶеطסûУסȥҶ֪зţǿҲǿţҶ˵˵Ǿòˡ
ĬվһԣδһۣҶʱ飬䵽Ҷϣ˵Ʒ·Ҳȫ䵽ϡ
ҶȻлˣеطסˡ
ҶҲʧ˵ˣҶпգҲѰңһҪסգҲûһ˵ˣҶ£ûµˣҶûдʲô𣿡
Ҷ躬˵ͷ
Ҷϸ۲һۣŵǵҶдˣٿҲ١
Ҷһ
Ҷ˶ʮֺƣɵİҲ뽫ҶЩСҶѾΪŮ˲񣬾̫䲻ǲɺҲҶˡ
˵һڡ˵ĺܣҶ豻ţЩĲܾԼǿ˿ڣһжɱΪʵʣһһƬѪ⡣
ƿ⣺Ҷô
Ҷ˵ʱġ
Ůĳƣÿ궼ҪһƣţŮͻ˼䡣
Ҳĳĸжүʮ꣬ϢǸ˳ڱأѾȥץŮҲѾڻ·ˡӵõϢÿһգҶ˶˵ĺܣøһЩ棬Ҫʧһء
Ĭ§ס
Ҷ˻ͷ˷һۣŵҶһ飬ˣпУҹɷ˵˵
ҶͷӦˣҶ˸Ӹˣסںδ֮󣬲Ų뿪
һõɮ˵ʵ۶Ѽһ档ǲŵġʮǰҲɽһأ۹ʦ˵֮¼ѣϣãҶţʮꡣϢȴ̲סȥһʡ
ҶһߣȴԽ
ʶǻ۹ʦҲ˵Уô죿
Ǿͼҡ˵ʮˣҲһʱ
Ҷȴء
öԼʧ䣬æ⣺㷽ҲҶˣ
ˡ
ǲ˵ãҶ˵ҲЦ⣺ҵһۼҶʱеúܣÿն£ʵȻܺãҲҶõģҾϲ
š
Ҷ˰һֶۣʲô£Ҳ
ҶˡƵصϻһ飬Ҷˡ
ʲôˣ
⣺źҡ
ÿһС㵱Ȼ¡ҶȻصҲҪһģѵŮˣҲҪ
Ʋ֣˵
˵룬ҲĲˡ
ֻܵŮ󣬰۸ĳСˡ
ˣҿҶƺʲô¡Ҷѵÿһʱ䶼£ȴûҶ￿дӣ¥Ӧץдǣû󣬷дˡѴ˼ᣬȥ飬˳
á
СҶָĿڵԼɡ
ĬΣʣϲ
Ҳ˵壬ֻǼѴ
ϸ۲һɫС˵Щ񡣡
Ҷס𣿡
ʱ򡭡ҲÿѧڣھܳС˵ʱر񡣡
Ҷ˲ô꣬־ϮȻ绪ɲǰȣ˲ٱ仯
ǵ
ʱĽĹԼһ۱ˣŰȢȥ꣬ɼǵʱҶˡûбĥҲûŮʧʹ˴Լھǡ
ʵҲû˵
Ҷĵһ𣬾뵽ʱҶˣҲмϲҶ˵öˣҲ档һҲ룺ԼŮڣӦġ
ǵŮҪҶ˲á
̫ˣ˼Сһ
ԼҲЩơ
ߣ˵õĶʱʼ𽥳ٵ
Уģһʼٵ²ȲԶˣ

 47 

ȵƻ, ҶߵѾ߹Ȼҹˡ
ҲһСԺ, ֮Ҳ, ſڻأ䱸ɭϡ
ѾҶȥнҶһ, ӰҶһ
Ҷˡ
ҶһڿͷζѾժ, һ, ڷڼ, յʡͺƣһЦü, ׽
ҷŻҶءҶ˵Ҷ飬ԽԽҶ£Ҷˡ
Ҷ£Ƴе, ȴʲôҴƷ, һõ
ע⵽Ĳ, ҶЦЦ, ʣҶɷԸ҆¼䣿
Ѿ߶ϲ㣬ڵĲˮݵֱߡ
뽲
ҶָĦ鼹, ȴ, Ŀ᣺ҶҲ֪Ҷ˵ȥŮ, ѾϢһȥ˻۹ʦ
۹ʦǵõɮ׺ѳ֣һΣ˺ܾáҲĸж˴ʦͬһ£۹ʦԸΪݵڶء
һʱ۹ʦ˵ϣãԸţ˶Ůˣʮꡣڶأ۹ʦȴ˵ϣ
˲ڿݵĽȻ෴ҶҲԸźǸ
˶˵۹ʦǵõɮȻ۹ʦ˵ŮһǾһһ
ҶϲɫԱԹ˵ˣŷҶһֱδ廰һԵģʮֹҶһ
Ů߻еദ԰Ůɣ֣ٳЩ󣬱㳣Գݽ̵ŮȻҲ㡣 
ҶţҲꡣϲҲϲ˷ˣɶ˽̳ĹȴԵҶŮͺˡǵǱ˼ҵŮ˼ҵҲУײܳΪġ
ŮԺ󣬼ѾˣȻҲġ
Ҷ˶³ɡҶ˳صŻ۹ʦǻ۹ʦ׿ԣ
Ҷһס֣Ҷأ
ң
ϾҪ˽ҶأҶݵؿҽҶﵱССѴ򳤱㻹δɼңҲ¶ڼϡҶ˼ҿΪҶˣ
Ҷһ̧ͷ֪ؿ
Ҷô䆪£ҴæţҲҶæ
ѾҶ˵һˡ
ԼξܾҶ趼ԼǷԵ̫֪ôٿǰ֪ã񿪿ڶЩѡ
ԥʱЩˣҶ̾һҲ֪˼ν㣬̵ԡ
ֵҶﲻᣬҲʡʱҲҶЩʲôҶ£ҲǣҲΪҶΪԼ
ҶȻ
Ҷ˺εԴκҲű˸ж֮⣬һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ҹҶ˽˻ȥļţɽзСİѾǰŵһͣϱʱഩһ磬ҶŸġ
ҹ˯ǰƲɢ̴ζԺ仹롣ΪҶõˣƫƫôĿѡ
Ƿ飬ҪҶҵŮҲãҪѰһ޹֮˵İο

ڶգҶߵѾңٴӦԼǰ
СԺеضõĵطԺӣҲǹԤ¡Ҷһ·ҪüԺӣҹ찵üԺӶ˵ƣԺŽգյǿ˺üȡ
Ҷ·ǸԼסصСԺʱʶͣ½ţͷһۡ
˼ѾߴԺ߳ƵƵͷߴ٣ЩתͷþͿҶ衣
˼һ㶣ҶҲһ¡
ô㣿˼ɫĿɵؿʲô

Ҷ򶨵ص·
·˼ţҪ·ôɾ;
ǡ
ɲĵطЩͨסĵطԶأôҲġ˼뵽ʲôʱЦ˺סĵطõҿסϰˣԼݣҹˡ
Ҷ̾һСˡ
˼ʣ֪ˣǲģӦù֪Һصİɣ
Ҷ˶٣ɫȥ
Ҷ֪ˣҵ֣ˣеܳ¡˼ֻ˵뿪֮󣬾ֻܿӣǵҲͷһΣʵǿİɣô飬ҿɶҵֵġ
˵Ҳ⡣
Դӵ֪Ҷ費ٷ֮һֱܺá
ҶķͷٳΣǸũŮôҲûȺȥʲôԶָͷҶҲˡ
ڣҶ軹Ҫһ뵽ǰ߸ϵҶеһ죬˼оʹĺܡ
ҶԵؿĬ֮Լмͬ顣
룬ʣСˣ
˼
֪СǷԼе˼Ҷ赭˵ûУǵЩһҴҵҲȱӣСЩʱף»Ҳһ֪ˡ
˼
Ҷ費ỹãҶһᣬͻ˽ոŶŷ˶Ŀ־塣
ԭÿɺãԼ飬ͷҶ誹Ŀ࿴ҲƲҶģȻҲɸŶһ飬֪вס
ŷ˱ǰ𴲣һҪһٱ飬ҪһֲȫסмǴĸҪģЩҲͰˣŷҲдóÿдһŴ֡Ҳһ٣Ҳһ٣ù˼־ֿ֣һͱġŷֺݣӲ飬̵ˣȥҹ˷˸״
˷˼ĺףҲ۲ѣѶŷ˽йȥʻŷȴֱ׳ǰҶﻹڸʱҾģҶҶ飬Ҳδ˵һ䲻áСѾʮΪҲܳԣ
ŷ˻˵СѾ˱꣬ǲЩ׷ˣǹС㲻Կ࣬ǾͶЩȻҲƤ֮ˡ
ŷ˵ֱ׳ù˼Ŀɿڴƫƫ˷˵ˣȰϽ
ڳֻһ䣺Ҫģ
˼û취ֻˣٰ֮£ŷ˲Ŷſ࣬ٲģɴһҪһٱ顣Ҳûж
˼ÿ಻ԣҶһʣһҲʹ첻ˡ
ߣ컹ǳٵˡ

 48 

Ǳ涯, ˼ǰ˺üӰ, ˷˲橴Ժг
˼һ, Ҷ裬һһ䣺ô
ҶǸ𰸣·
·˷ĵؿһۣɲĵط
Ҷ룺˲ĸŮ, ˵Ļһģһ
ҶѰѾ߳ס, ǷҶȥ, Ҷɾ, ͱСס˷ĪҪˡ
˵䵽Ѿϡ
ѾҶߵõ, űͨСѾ߲ͬѾߴ̸Ҳܿ˼ҵ˼һ£ʣǷ˭
Ѿ˵үǶ
˶΢΢ɫ
˼˳ʫռĸˡкüɾΪ, ʥ, , ûóԽӴ
Ҷʱ붨ʳ˹ϵ
뵽ʫ硣Īһ, ҶҶǰ¶ˣ
һ뵽лԼæ˼ɫһ±ʮѿ
˷˳Ҷ迴ȥ, ɫЩӲ, һ飺ʱʶˣ
Ҷ賯΢΢ףӦҲҪɹ˷˵ͷ׼ġ
ͷѾ˵ˣ߰ɡ
ȵȣ˼æ׷ȥ, סȥ·㲻ȥ
Ҷ΢΢üͷҶ˵ѾҲͣ½ŲͬؿŹ˼
㲻ȥ˼ҧ㲻ȥҶˡ
Сֻ˵Уȴ˵һɡҶ費õصȥ˭ҶǷңӦҲɹС
˼ȴ롣
ò׵ȵ֣סҶ跢£ֻҪҶ£ҾͿ˭ҪһӣҶ赲ЩʫĻ֮Ҳ¡ȻҶˡ
ҶҪ˹ǰЩҲ׷𣿣
˼ҧʣǶôҶã
Ŭ룬һ㶼ѵҲȥΪϷ𣿡
ἰϷˣҶƬ̣Ϸˣ
Ϸǰ㣬˵㲻ǼҵŮɵռϷ˵ĳ谮ôꡣ˵㻹ںʱÿ궼Ҫסһʱ䣬ΪϷڳ˺㽫¸ˣ˼ԼҲΪ飬ֻǸϷĽڣΪȴӿŷ˵̵ҲôҶ衣
Ϸ飬֪ˣҪ͸ġҲû취Ϸ˵Ҳ֪Լ۰ŮԼҵģûи飬Ҳĺܡ
˼ʵصҶ֪ҵԸҶһͬеġ
˷˱һҪŵӣȻߵĸҶ豾ĿĽȻ෴ķ
дٺãƷвˣٺҲûá˼Ҷ֪֮ˣҲǲɡ
Ļ£Ҷ軹ûüػҶ˵ѾҲҪڣȴһƿմ飬ʱɱ˵
תͷȥͼ󲽳͵ǰӥɨ˹˼һۣƺսҶŵҲù˼ŵԭأ亹
Ҷ˵Ѿæ񣺡ү
΢΢ףųҶ迴ȥ
˼հһС˵Ҳ˲٣˵˺ܾûȵ㣬Ϊʲô鷳
Ҷмѣæл
֣Įؿ˹˼ĸŮһۣʲôҲû˵ȴֱӽ˺ӣֻѾҶУԼںϣ֮
Զˣ˼ؿڵһŻ˳Ȼмֳڶ֮У¡
ֻ˵δˡ˵ʱʥϵǻŻʵ۴ӹ֮ɱǵ֮ʬױأױѪȾ졣һ֪˹Ȼ紫п¡˵ʥϻһзϿն¿նµɱô࣬һҲӶࡣ
˼ðŴȥ˷˵֡
ȴ˷һֱûعż뿪ķ
˼һ
˷˴ۣջߡ
߶ôƫƫá
˵ʲô
ûʲô˷̧ͷָƽĶׯ
˼δ̲סԹҶ˽ˣǸô죿ò˵ˣҶ˸òæɣ
˷ĲɵģӦһ֪ǿ϶Ƿ񶨡

Ҷ˵˺һˡ
ͰſڣǼҶӰһҶæӭȥ·ϵˣ
ûʲô
Ļû˵꣬ԱߵѾ߱żشϣҶ˵ˣôûʲôҶߵúúõģСȴҪҶ鷳ҪүС㻹Ҷء
Ҷ裺
ѾߵĻһҶ붨뿴ҶЩ֪롣ſڣʲôҲû˵ӵ˲ͬĿ⣬ٶҪڳ˵𱸣ֻܱ˿ڡ
ͷһ־
һ˴ŵ飬Լϣǲ˵ڣ񷴶ʲôһ㣬ȵʲô»š
ҶݸһЦתѶϳȥΧѾ˱еݡ
˻û˵ãѾ˻
ˡѾߵҶĸˣ˵Ҷг˴£ҪҶȥ˾š
Ҷһվ
ˣҡ
𼱡Ҷ˰֣סӦЩԶǻȥ
ҶҲ˲ʲôлæȥҶĸ
ҶĸȻ棬ǻţһץס֣ˣ
𼱡ҶæǱ߱˵ء
Ҷĸð˵׷ʲô¡᷿дúúõģȻ˸Сɳ˵ѰҶҴĴǸϢģ˵Ҷ˻ʱײ˹˵ȸˤˣ
һ·ҪѲʱ䣬黹緢ģһ죬Ҳ֪ôˡ
Ҷ˲ֹǣһ͡ȵǰҶĸҲ˵ˣŮԣ侲һЩ
ôźãҶĸһŽŵ˵ײǸ˻ˣǻһӣǵˣֶȡ
ҶǼеĶ˻Ҫһӣкóһʱ䲻ܳȥɻ˵ҶҸò⡣Ǯһ֪Ƿ񻹻ڱĵطѡ
Ҷֻܽץ֣侲ذ𼱣ûô⡣
ϻص˼Уŷ黹ֹô⡣
Ҷȣ͵˳ҽݣûǵʱԺűƿѾ˷һأˮչѳһƬԺֻӰŴ󿪣ҲǽһƬҶĸһЩҪȥ
ûü裬һȺڲȺ˹ľ׺ݣǾҶɽļˣ
ߣˣ˺ö_(:١)_

 49 

ҲҶȼ֮, ô, й, Ҷ赱ǲ֪Ǻá
Ǽ˿ǣ˹, ϵľҲû¡ҶĸЩŻȥǱܵصҶǰȻǶ
Ҳ, ƾͻ˵ĺ, վǲ, Ǽԥͣ¡
ҶһŵҼҵģ
Ǽ˵, ҶɽײүүһǷүһӣǼ, ȻԼȡˣ
˵, ľǰ, ɶԭ, ԥ
Ϊ֮ɫǷծǮ쾭壬ѵǻ˲ɣ
Ÿջ, ֪ǰҶ򶨵صҵǷ, Ҳ취ǹˣõȲ֪
ˣʲô, үΪ֮˲мصǱүͷãƾǣүЬ䡣
շ̫£ҶѲЩ˭ָʹ
ҶʣҵǷǶӣ
Ϊſڼǧ
ҶĸһҪȥˣǧôӣ
Ҷ裺ʲô䱦ֵǧ
ǱļǮʣһǧǸүĲΪЦүôľţòΪ˰ɣǱү˲˼ŵģյ־ûˣүǳĲ費˼룬ѵˣ
Ҷʣ֪үǺˣ
ү󣬿ھٵģ
Ҷ룬ûܳٵλˣûһġ
С˵ô࣬ò˰ɣ
ҵĴǵȻ¡
ǼȴţƾǣҲõóǧ
ǼΣѷҲߣûǧӦҶûлҪҪӣҲӦǸһЩʱﱸ
ˣǹЦС㵹ǴүĵֻҪһˣǧӾһʹˡ
ô飬ΧΧ˲ڣһ⻰ʱ۷׷Χ۵Ŀȫ͵͵شҶ裬ݺҲǹȻˡ
ǴҲйﱻԿǿȥ飬ҶҵĹݾɫޣ˿Ҳʵ˵Ҳֻϵù
ҶĸץҶ֣ĹΣû뵽Ȼ棬Ҳ֡Ǽ˻һҪŮƤӵߡ
ҶʣҪҲӦأ
ɲ㡣˵ЦҪôߣҪôóǧӡǹԹҲΪ㡣
Ҷûлشֻʣǿ֪λ˭ָǶ
һֱǰ棬ΡȻڣֻվǣҲǼĴֿҶᣬŽַŵ䣬ŷ֣ϻ˵
ɱЩľ˶ˡ
˹Ȼ¶ɵ
λǶҶʣǶ
˵껹Щٽ磬뿪֮ѴҲûȥʵǲѣҶ˼ŸҿڡҲҺã֪ǷǰùԴ˲顣

Χ˽һ
ǼҲһһʱǰþòŻعɿʱѾ˰أ˭֪˵Ǽ٣˵Ƕˣǹˣ
Ǽ٣ǲţ֤ǽ£Ҳ˸ðˡҶ赭صִҪǿ֮£ͻȥүǷԸΪһ޹ؽҪ˵
㡭ҶɽҲǸũܺ͹ϹϵΪ֮˶ôһСѾͷͷ
Ҷ跴ʣ֮ǰѵδҵݣ
ʱΧ۵ĴҲŸͣǰҶҵĹġ
ھǿɳˣд£
ǰҲǴ˼ҳģ˵Ǵǰʶġ
һһ䣬Ǽ˵ɫҰףŲѡ
þãΪ׵˲ŵǡǾٸ޼죬ǧһĶ٣òʱɱʲôǷծǮҲܲˣ
ݻǼҲҵ飬æˡ
Ҷһ
ҶĸһʱЩվȣôźãҲòǧ
û¡Ȱ취
УôҲֻǸҡҶĸǺȻһ¼ᶨȥһ취Сģ˵¶顣
Ҷ͵Ӧһ
бҷһͨҪʰĵطҲԷæҶĸһּвŵĲȻˡ
Ҳѹֽ趨ȥҶҶڳҽţȶĬ
Ҷϸһ龭ҶҲ˵ʲôԾĵطȥ̷ȥ飬ֻܵ⡣
Ҷĸ̾һС߶Ҳǵù
Ҷ˵⣬ô
ǵɫҲãָʹ䵽ǼͷϣҲӲֻ취Ӧԡ
Ҷʱ侲һ˴渶ӣָҽʣµҩѣҶȣж㣬ֻžҶĸҽչˣۿɫ磬Լȥʳ
ϵС̯δգڵ˷ǮޣֻһӴЩڴͱÿյˡ
дôµӣǰ뽻ѱߣʣҲִŻˡһŬ֮󣬷ճһ㾽
Ҷ豧ֽߣһԺ¡
һĲͣ
Ҷ
ҶŲһ٣̧ͷȥͼһֻǽڷָ޳ֽӴӺ¶
빫ӣ
Ҷֽһ͵͵ģѹںҲ֪ǲҶ·пԭ
һҶЩʲô飬ֻǱһ̾ĺܡ
˵Ϊ㣬Ϊβң
ߣ̫һдû֮һ
һ˰Ҷû

 50 

ѽƻ, ߺһ, ʣһ뱻ϼȾϵ̯½½, Ҳ𽥼٣ʼÿտ
Ҷ˽ʳ¥ʱлЩ
, ҲŸ֪ûã빫ô֪ˣ
빫һʦģ, ƫƫҲҶʵƿ, һ䷴ĻҲ˵ڡ빫Ҷһ, ʮֱӣǲ, ʲô˲õĴ¡ҶҶǰһأ빫ǰһء
빫ǰ£һȣҪʱ, ӺȻתͷһ, Ļ, һҲ˵ˡ
Ҷز, ƺ
Ϊʲô벻ס
ֱСȫ, ż, ӲڿڣҶɡ
Ҷ費Ҷ빫ӣ
ҶﵱѣȴһڷʳԸ⶯

ҶŶˡ
ʳ¥Ǿ֮г, ζãǮҲߣӵһƲ˶һݡֻ˳ʮǿοһҶ趯ӣЩ˼ͣ
ҶԱˣ 
Ҷ˵ͷ
ʣ¾ͳɡ

̾һҲδСֻǰһСƱûеƣصСںװ˰ˮ֮Ҷơ
ҶҲһˣ㶼ҪΪҶԸѣǲҿף룬Ҷʶˣȴ֡
˵ʧǣҶҲʼʡ
빫ô֪ѴҶ˵ҽղŻҲûü빫ӡѵ빫Ҳϵ󣿡
ӷʣ˭
ҶȻ
ҵġҶΪβ룬˽֮£Ƿʲô飿
ҶһŬ롣
šüָӣע˻ҶһɣɫͱȷŻҪأĿ֮ǲͬ
飬ҶΪβҰæ˵һ֪Ĳ£飬˵ҲС£˵һ˵ӷѿࣿ
Ҷ费ۣʵ飬ֱͦ˼ñֱ˫ڷϥϣҶǹѵĺͯҶСͣҲ빫ӡ
ӵѣֻҪңǳ鲻գҲֻҪ˴һ仰ҶΪǴ֪µģ
Ȼ
˳ؽ˹лҶָ壬ܲԣһ飬֪ǰ
ѹҶ裬£Ժ˵·Ըһ飬ҶǴѡҶѣȻܸɿţ⼸ձ׼
׼Ҷæ
ȥ˳һЩ飬ְ˲ٶǰǰæ죬ǰ鶼źˡ
ʲôˣΨûȵҶ衣
ิȴԡֻܱգأûһҶϢȴԼһ׮顣
ûȵҶ裬ȴԼһ׮顣
ҶԭÿͲˣͲ˵ȴһˣʲô£Ӧ˳һ䣬֪ҶˤȡͨˤҲͰˣƫƫҶ׵ǰԸҶ飬޾ϸضҪȫ˱㽫˹ܼҡ
ܼ֪͡ʵݣҵȥ˲Ҷˤȵ飬ǷҪοʣΣֺҶܹûġһ鲻ˣֲһаŮ֮¡
˵Ф̫ӿеĹȾ춯֮£ܷŹһûᣬ֪Ժܽ״ȥˡ
Ӳ̲סҶ衣
һʣһʵҶĿƣ̧ͷ
ҶﲻҰæֻҪԼһ˿˵֮£ѵµ飬ҲѾӦԵİ취Ѿҵµˣ
Ҷ费רעеð죬ŶҡҡͷֻҪùΣͲᱻ˷
üͷʣȻûУΪβң
ǳҶС빫Ҳ֪ңҵͷԲưոݡôΪ빫ӡ˵ҵ£빫Ҳûа취ġ
㲻ᣬô֪Ϊѣô֪ûа취ӣϻ׿˵ǳΪ㣬ƲʱҲҡ׿˵ĻҲˣǹ˼ұ㵽̶ֳȣҲ㲻ѣ
ȵʵǹá
ʾʾˣΪҶĹϵѾİ˸һͷҶѴǲԸæ
Ҷû˻
ԼǸصǰ׽˶ܷοֻǼ֮Եˡ򼸿Ǿ֮ͣɺܲǣҲָ
οҲ˶ԸΪһС˽񡣳Ϊ˺δŮͳȥΪβΪάϵ
˵֪£Ȼԥվߣݼ˲ᣬةȴһᣬʱ򷴶ֻһأ˵Ҫĸˡ
Ȼˣ˵ҲͽգһʼͲˡ
ֻ빫ӡҶ֪빫Ǻģ빫ΪҲѣҲⲻȥҲֻҵ£ֻҪһд룬취
Ҫ˵ˣǶһ룬취Ҳࡣ
ҶȻԶԡ
Ϊʲô᣿ʣӦ˵£Ҳ㡣Ҷ㣬ȴǲҶġ
ҶɣСص²졭
죬ѣɴȴҵġ˵ңСҲ֪¡̾ʲôҲ˵ֻ¶һ취ʲôίţҪĥһǾϣſϵͷ𣿡
Ҷ˵
Ҳʮã֪Ӧԡ
ʵϣԼԼġ
Ϊһ˿뵽취סҲ͹ȥˣסҲһѣκˡ
ˣСʱ͵óĵ
Ҷ˵ֻҪǺãҲǶԵ𣿡
Ӷؿá
ξã̾һΪβѧŶˣ
Ҷһ
˵²ضԼһôˣܻҪ㡣Ȼں㣬ǼԿ࣬Ҳǻ۵ġ
֪Ҷжǿжǰٶ裬Ҳҧꡣ
ʶҶʱѾһĸǲǿӲЩǰűǼǡĸȻҪֶεʶҲǸСѡ
δСδ츾˵ķ٣ģҲЩۣδ´ĥ治µʱм˰߱ӣ£顣
ԼǸһЩϵҶ裬Ҷ趨ȻͬϹﻹʱܻеģȴΨ㡣
Сһ䣬Һòлᡭ㣬ѵֻܾ𣿡
ߣСһ

 51 

δҶæ
Ҫæ˵ǲ, 빫, , ҶˡһҪĶࡣ
ɱ빫һ, Ҷһʱ޴룬֪Ӧԡ
ð, ŵûܳĶ
Ҷ, ˶ҪرġεС, ˵ԼѴѵ֮𣿡
Ȼᡣ
Ȼᾡľæ, ΢ܰϾǺá
С£ȴ㣬ֻһ˿Ҷô룿
, Ҫȥһ, ֻҪ, ʲôҲûˡ
뵽Լ뿪, һμԼΪβȥæ, 빫֮ҶȻ
Ҷʲô뷨, ʲô뷨ӳ֪֮Ҿ͵ҶңȴҶԭȵĻƭҵ, Ľҵѡ
Ҳ˼Ҷ輱æ͵Ҳû빫ӵģֻǴ¸빫ӣ빫ӱ
˻棿
Ҷ˴ͷЩ˼
볤ʱ빫ӡôˣԸΪͦԿȴûмҲ빫ӣԼ̫ƤһЩ
ȴɫŵһɨգﻹаַŴ粽õģ͵ķ·Żϲ֮ΣҶ뵽ңҺܸˡ
ҶСͣ˵ҲƲѵʱ򡭡
ҲƽЩֻһ仰ˡյĿƣ֮ǰҲ໰˵Ҳ˵˲٣ֻҪҶٶ಻ܱƮƮһ仰ƽ
̫ӣ֮𣬷ƾд󳼲֪ѹٻءԼϹǰһ仰޷мܡ
ӺЦϵĲ˿ˣҶ԰ɡ

Ҷӣ¶
һ߳ԣһ˵
飬ѾҶˡ㲻ٵģֻҪţٹգҶдµģʱҶֻҪ½ȥͺá
ˣҶ辪̧ͷϵϺʶûȣ䵽Уǿǳ빫Ӵ棿
ǧȷЦЦʱżֲмǰҾ˵ˣҲ㲻ʲô
Ҷſڣһʱʧȥ
빫ǰͨҲͷһˣܽȣһС
Ҷֻܵ빫Ϊ֮ͣлҪ١
治ɫصǣҲ˲ѾҶлˡ

ԵضãҶƿߡ
˵빫Ӱô࣬ʵڲ֪λ
ҰҶǳ˽ģҲҪҶرʲôҪҶвЮͼҶǵ⣬㵱ǰµԵڻرҶ
⻰Ҷ飬빫ӵıҲءҶ룺֪»ʲôء
ῪڣԵҲ빫һЮͼ빫Ӱô࣬ʲôҲĲ
룬˵ҵһ飬ҪҶ
Ҷһʲô
ؿ»Ҷ⣬ɷһ뵽ңһҰæ

ҶǿϴӦңǰҵĴæˡ
˵ֱ׳ټᶨҶܾˣͻһ㣬ҶƿԣֻӦ¡
ҶԱŵҵﻹҽݵңɫҲøˡ
İӴͷԱߣֽһѾˡ
Ӳδ˵ʲôɣֻСйˡСʱһʳУװģŵҶǰ
Ҷס빫ӣǣ
ҶȥɣȣǸúúò塣
ҶȻԼһˣҲͲмӦ
ȴͳǮֽ֮ʣ»ĹҵǮŵֱߡ
ҶҲȥҶѣҲ޽ҽݣҪӵĵط
Ҷɣⲻ̫á
Ҷǿһ飺Щ˵ЩֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
Ҷӵʮ㷲
ΪˣִӻͳһֽŵҶǰ
Ҷʣǣ
Ҷһ鷳
Ҷ辪ȣҲֽܾʮϸλмҼʹӶдȻҶײľ
ǰΪ˷û뵽ת۾͵˽
ǻг飬ûӦԣ¾ͽˡҶ賤󣬵һ鱻׵ҲģֻҪžͿ´󼪡
о˵ϺòãиӵúܣҲʵʵһ
Ҳ֪Ҷδ㣬ôã˼Ӵгʲôźˣ͵ҶǰֻҪҶͷҲָܶͷ
Ҷ룬ֽСսС
л빫ӣˡɫ빫ҲЩȥЪϢɡ
ѣҶ࣬鲻
Ҷҡҡͷ빫˵ĻҶסˣµȷӦҳ棬һ˰æ
ǡ
빫ӻ֪ϵ˶ˣɹûЩ˶Щʲô˵Щ˼ȥ֮󣬶ҲὫ֮ʵҶƣƹܾвֻ轫±ٸͺˡ
ӣ
ߣ̫ӣģΪʲô

 52 

Ҷɫصҽ֮С
Ҷ, һĹѾ˯ȥ, ֻҶĸڴ, ۾ĿСҶ˽ŲС˽ȥϸ΢ĶǳҶĸ
һˣ
Ҷ͵һ, ʳзŵϡ
ôôණ
Ǳ͵ġ
ҶĸӦһû˵ʲô
ҶĸͶ, ɶһʳеľ², ȴЩʳʡ涼ƽԲĺò, ȴӵ|ûС
Ұ˼ڣҶĸǷ¿, ص̾һ

û£ЩҶĸǳصǼҵҲ֪ȥǧӣֶ, ҲӲˡλ˶Ȼ׷Ź, һ, ﻹԵ·
ҶӻͳӸֽ, Ӧһ˵, Ǳȥ
٣Ҷĸȵؿ, ˣλ˿ǳеĴ٣ȥ٣ٸүôǣ
д٣ҶЦһ, ûж˵ʲô
ǸӸֽϾѾ˵ˡǼ˵ǳд٣ɶռһ۵Сְλƽ֮ŻˣҲòֵġţȫһԥܼҵֳ
ĹܼҿǸȱܵܶðլԺȢ߰˷С檣ſھǧһıҡС
Ҷֽۺã·Żػ
룺Ҳ֪ԥֺͳʲôϵ濴ƺ޹Ҳųֻ£׷Ź
ҶĸԼҲˣ˼ҹæ
Ҷ費ÿɷ
ɹ˼ңǻ𣿡Ҷĸԥ֪ʱŮҶ˽˹ȥ˵УȻһ¡ֻǵ׳΢˹˵ۣҲһǡ
ҶǸˣӦҲѾ֪ˡҶ˵Ҳ鷳ֻһùٸС㵱ǵײˣǸӣҲҪǧ
Ҷĸû˵ʲôҲ˼ϣ
ڶգǽҶӻ˼СҶұ˷һأҪʰĵطҶȣҲûа취æֻԱ߿šǼеĶʱۣҶһʱñȴǰҪӳĬ
Ҷȥ٣оˣԳǶĹܼҡ
ҶǷġҶܼеصǷ˵ˣҶѴֻһǣʣ飬Ҷﴦõġ
Ҷԭֻ趨Ҷȴ롣һһ鷳Ҷܼϸ龭ֻ֮˵ҶģҲҶǣ˾ǡ
˳츮ֱӰ˸ˡ
Ҳˮ˵˸ֵù档
ٸͱھаŮ꣬Ҫٵ˲֪Σٸ˲ٺôΨһعĹܼ档ٸԭЩϣ̬Ȱܼһͳƣֱ壬˰˹
ھ¥ѳԾ֣ڽ˵Ĺάû䣬һǶҪԼʱƨع˹
֮ˡ
Ѱҵ㲻ǹĹܼҲǺġǧеһǧһ²ˣֻʣˤ˶ӡ
Ҷܼʣʲô䱦ֵӣ
ǿɵȷǱ˼ĹŶͷ˴ӡ粽ãǿӣⲻӾǲ⣬Ҷұӡ
Ҷܼҳ˼Ƭ̣֤
׼ˤǸƿӣƬУƬȷǼǰŶ
ҶܼҸƵɣϵһˣʶЩ٣һ֪
󣺡
Ҷܼһʱһӣ⳥Ҷʧ¡
ҶҿҪĴ£ڹȴֵһᣬЩаŮС˵飬ζ꣬Ҷ˷ԸȣҶܼҶҳԿ
ѵˣҶﻹСЩԥйأҶǷƽԥ
Ҷҡͷ
ûУҶҲҪСġҶܼϸԥɲ̫
Ҷ֣صͷӦˡ
ԥֹǲء
λүǷȴǿյɫȴ¥ȥӲȥصķ£ȫǷ¥ԥȴͬԥδȢԺȴˣЩ£֮еĹﶼ˵
Ҫ˵λү֮лԥʤһѧǸ竣ԥȴ볯£̫ӿ⡣

ҶܼҰ飬ͰЩҶˡ
Ҷյź󣬲ųһԶ˵һΪҶҪܾңˡһС˳ҲͰˣôԥҲˣ
ԥҲǸˡ
Ҷ˵ǣҶģĺÿ˵ǱԥˡҲǵһأԥŵȷϲ̫ӵǽȻ෴ҺзĲ£˸ҶһȥûҶʲô£ֻϣԥӦҲٶҶʲôˡ
ְŷŵһߣֵҶˣû˵ҵǾЩˡ
Ǿͻȥ
Ҷ룬⻰Ҳ˵Ŀ
Ҳ̶붨һص˾ص֮ȥûҶ·˭֪ûѶ˹
ǻˡҵ˺öգٲҿɾҪȥˡ
Ҷ˺棺кҪң
ǣм¡˸߲ҵص벻뿪

Ҷͷˮ֮ô࣬ôҪͷ
̫ġ˵Ҳ֪ƽҾϲЩЩ£ҪЩ·Ҳ֪ҪȶãҶǣǰ˲£Щʱȴû˶̫ӱңΪβһϲ֮УЩ£Ҿ͵һҪʲôҲ˸дȥ˵ʵЩ
Ҷһ̫𣿡
̫Ҳֻһᡣûϣ˵˵⿪Σ
˵ЩҲûеҶ˵ͷֱӿһҲˣΪλҪң
ЦţҲȤ
ʵǿҶˣҲˣΨֺǰѻ֮УصҪЩ졣
֪Ҷ˽ʮϲҶ£ϻػصȥʺˣЩӣҶ飬Ҷû¿֪жį
ֻ£ţЩˡ
Т˳˵Ҫһж׼ˡЦƽ̫£һ޳ɣȴĺܡӶˣڸٽֵ̣Ҳ͸ҵġ
Ҷϡ档
ɲ֪Ҳˡ˵Щϡ棺Ҳ֪Ͻˣϸһʲ֪ԭҲҶ£ΪҶ£ſϽ飬֪뿪ڿ죬ҿǰͬˡ
ҶݸҡҡͷȴЩš
ɳ˵飬ȴһ뷨ıϡ
˼Ƭ̣ҵ˵ģҪЩд£
׼̱һǾ֮ʮ֪ҶҲС
Ҷ˵ЩӦǩ飬ǲġ
ʹֻɣҲ㹻ˡ
Ҷ˺ЦɣǰҾͼҶＸ棬ЩȻҪҰæǲҶ˼
˲ѣĻᷴԣӦ
ߣҶˣ̫Ǹ
̫ӣ
̫üͷһ壬о鲻

 53 

Ҷ԰뵽˹
к, ҶͱϹϾ, ﱸ˲, ˹Ҳһ·Ųˣ֮ģ̬еҶ軹Щܳ
ҶҲѾò, ˣ̬ʮ, һĸҶ, , ӸõġǼҵĳǻ״͵á
ҶСڳ, Ҷ⡣
ܼ˵ǰ˲鷳ʲôĵط
Ҷæлˣҽ鷳, Ѿûʲôĵطˡ
⻰ġ
ҶȻһͨ, ҶҲԴ, вٶҪ, ҶҽҩҲһӡЩߵĲﻹ˻⳥һ, 빫ӶһӡҶлȴǰԣ
빫ӸǮ, δ»ؼʱٻ
Ҷ˺ɫصǷٷ£
Ҷһ١
ϻؼ빫ʱ빫˵Ѿ鷳, ֻҪŵžͺáѵ˾Ҷˣ
빫ϵҶˣ
ɻҶ˲Цң˵뿪һҲ֪׼ûк£Ҳ򡣳˼д£ҾͺƤ˵͡
д£Ҷһ㶣̶ϲ𣿡
ǧȷģǮⷽ棬Ȼ㣬ǰǼ㿪ǶӣҲ١Ҷʣֻǲ֪ҶǷԸ⣿
Ҷ赱Ȼ⣡
Ҷ˲֪Щ£Ҷἰ£ѩ̿ҲصҶˣǳٳҲ첻ǰ
ϲӦᣬҵȻԸ⡣
ҶϴӦǾٺòˡԭȻΪҪȰҶءҶݸҶ֪볤ϲҶ£Щûпܾȱ˵ʲôҶ֮ɵСģ볤ɲҶ͵Ļᡣ
Ҷܾ
Ҷ׼鶼׼ˣгÿһʮֹǮҲ֮ǰ˲٣ڵҶ˵ʮַԣ
᲻̫ˣҶָļ۸ʣ֮ǰδôߵļ۸ʵǵϡ
۸ǳģҪλȻҪһǶܶĵļ۸ǡҶ˵ֻҪҶúд£д£ҲͲⱾˡ
Ҷǩˡ
һʽݣһһҶպãʱת
Ҷպ֮ʲôСĵʣҶ˿ϵ빫ӣ
빫ӣҶһ£ʣĸ빫ӣ
ǹգʼ˶룬ϵò빫ӵġ
Ҷ֪ᣬҡҡͷ빫֪ͣ˿ɷϵã
ͣҶ룬ȴ벻죬λ빫ӣҲһ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ֻ빫ǰ˵ǴѾҶ˵бɻ빫ֺʱϵҶˣһʣҶҲϵá
Ҷа룺ҶƣҶҲΪǣߴţ볤
ֲ֪빫˵ʲôֻҶдӣ빫Ӱ׷һȴòϡ
ҶΣֻŵ»ټʱٺúлǸ

Ҷͻ˲£޸֮󣬱㽻˹ȥ˵һӡĶܿ죬ǰһж׼ˣһ̳˵һϼ֮⣬ȳ
ļգǲѶʮ֡
飬֪ǰЩ˺£æ˽йȥ۾һЩҪ
裬Ϊ飬ǲ˵һᣬͰ͵ˣҲң㣬ӰҲͰˣ¶һΪдҴ㣬֪Ϊ㡣
˵꣬޵죺˼ôôģʲôҲûҪ鷳㲻㷢£·ˣҪƵ·ź𣿹˼ôô
Ҷû˵Ҳû˵ԥ£οһ
һͨȻָܿ
ڿɺãд£պҲ±˵ˡ裬ɵüǵã»ع˼鷳һú˵ܸͷġ
ҶЦӦˡ
Ҷˣ빫ӣ
ʱҲǸεεӣǰͷ˵ûšȴҪҪˡ
оҲδá
͵͵ֹгˣ˼϶ˡ˵ڶأǰǸŷôҼ˶£ŷڵʱҶȥ㡣϶óԲٿͷ
Ҷ㶣ɵصС㡭ʳڣܵѣ
ҡҡͷȴͬ
˼ˡ
ظһ죬ŷ˱յĹΣ֪⼸͵ְѵһͨ鳭¡˼಻ԡ
鳭ֶˣתͷ˵𳤹Ҷַ£ھȡҲ뷢µ׷ŶŷѧһʱգԾѾȴǰܶˣɺòдһƪ£ȴ˶ŷޣ˵ڵڰͨ
˼ᶼҪˣһ߳飬һаޡ
ôеĺ£ȫ䵽Ҷˣ
ʱ򣬻ҪҶӡֶԸˣôг


 54 

Ҷ·, һ, С, ¥ȻδɢȥҶھ֮
һ󣬸ˡ
˳Ļ, Ů֮ҲʱоۻᡣҶ˲ӣһЩ, ֻȥ˼
ֻܹô, ȥĶ, ˡͬ뷨˲ֹһ˼ҲŽЩۻ
һ, תҶֹôҲ
Ҷ赭СĲѧҲЩ˷ҪҲʵ
ԶԶģ˼Ҳߵ, ʱ, ˣôҶҲ⣿
ԵҲһŮ, ֪˵ԨԴ, ҲԶָ֮ƣǰҶĹϵ, ԴȻصҶɫ, Ϊβܱ뵽ϻҶ¥дƪ£׿ڿصҶȥд, ֻѧݣ˵ѧҶﶼǾ͸ˡ
˼
ֻҧг£ȥҶ衣
ɼҶĻҲҪС˶ڹάҶ裬Ҷддʫ˿ޣ۱ۣܿⲻȥɿĶҶ衣
һۻΨ˼з¡
վۻ᲻д²дʫֻͬ¥ʱһûа˼ܲĵطݣδ٩٩̸Եи롣Ŷŷ˶ôյ飬Ҳδȴǰ٣Ҳֻܶ仰˶ѡ
˼Ϊ˶ڼеĶŷ˲ų˭֪ԺȴơȾۻ֮Уðû¡
̫ͣãѾʾС㣬Ҫظ
ȥ˼̵
Ϊӱܶ飬ôȥҪŷѹų鱳飿
˼룬ȥҡ
ѾӦһųķȥ
ʱգһֱڼ׼ǣûгţ˵˼ʱֱӱȥ鷿ҵ
ɫ䵭ûж࿴һۡ
˵誣ѵ㣬Ҳˣǻ£һʱɫã԰ߡ
˼վһԣڴؿȴû
˼誡
£һԲֱ߳ȥ˼һ£ͷһۣæȥ
ֵգ԰лݱ̺ĺܺã使εؼһʮޡҵ˶˵뿪԰еȴһעŵЩϡ
誵Ĳô󣬹˼øںСܸܲϡ
ӣ˼סȵҡ
課һֱߵ԰ͤͣ£ȹ˼׷һһڿƽ鷿þˣҲĴߣͤҲ飬ʱϰ
˼ҧҧ󵨵ֽе˳
ӣѵüһΣһ仰Ҳ˵𣿡˼еص¥֮ҾҲûм㣬ƽ֮ľۻҲȥ˶ȥġ˵ڼԳӵĲѧȻܿйҲҪŶߣݽϲǡ
誵Ŀ䵽ϡ
ʼգɫδй仯˼䵭ֻõע⣬Щϲ
ŵ¥գдҲʵǺã˭ҲҶ飬о岻ѣȥ֮Ҳһÿո飬ʮࡣҲѵóżӡ
һ˵öһ˫۾Ҳؿų誣Ѿһ̲ˮ
ȴЦһЦгмΨûĸж飬дºܺã
ѽ˼æӲǫӵµȷʮֳɫ
㻹ʼˣ誣㣬ġéݼУڶƪĩβǾ仰νͣ
˼һ㶣ʲôʲô
誴ǹ˹Ц⣬ֵͷ¿е顣
˵Ǳ飬Ҳδ˼Сĵصٻһ仰ң֪
д֮У˶仰˹һҳҲû˵Ƕˣдĺã
겻ᣬд²֣ͷһԼôʧˮ׼ֻй˼ſھǿޡҲ
˼š
ֵҲ֪ǰҲڼг󣬶ǲ࣬Ѿʼ飬ٹЩʱգٿң϶ǰͬˡ
ҿ𡣡
˼һΪβܶ˵Щû
誷飺ԭΣӦҲʮ
ǡǻԼ𣿡˼ԭϲҶ裬ҲѾδˣд£Ҳԣǰ˲ʫءպɻңѵ㻹˻Լɣ
˵꣬誵ȷ˼ʱһæˣǧңҶҲٻֻһũŮǳҵӣѵҪȢһũŮĸ𣿡
課ԡ
˼˿ɫϲδ¶ãɫҲ緽ǰ䵭ŰġҾ֪ˡ˼ңһũŮŵģҶݰϲ̨档
㵹ˣԭҲũ󡣡
˼ɫһ
誵Ҳδ˵ҷˡ
ʲô
ڵģǵԼҪʱ򣬾Ȼûһߡ調Ŀһ˿ҲޣˣҲᵽ־档
ҲܣҲǡлԼѾ޷ֱ׳ȥҶ裬ѾԲԼİĹҲԸȢˡɻԼֽţŮжҪٲϲҲܲ˹˼ǿ˻顣
ûе뿪ȥ׷ѰҶ裬ҲĽҶҲԸԼڷ֮Уѡ
˼ɫҰף㻹˻飿
лᣬȻǺá
˼ҧ룬Ҳͬġ
ֻŵڳ鰮䵭صǰ˵ٶ໵ֻҶϲϵӱ㳤ãҲʲôˣûвõĵطֻҶԲ
˼ȴܡ
޺޿˳һۣҲȥתײײ˳ȥ
ͤУ誶˺ãȻ̾һ鱾
ġ
˺ֻһ뵽˵滤סҶģжʻգһֻҰ޽ûҪ˳ӱģΪ
ʥ飬ʥԣؾӱ֡
ֻȫ
ֻܡġ

ҶݼҵؼңԺӣÿһİ˴߳
ͷʺã˼ȴһϲ˹Ҷҹɣ
Ҷһ£ŵ˵ͷǣ
Ҫ˵Ҳ㺰һˡ˶࿴ۣĿ֮ϲҶÿ£ﶼǺÿģҲôƯĹŮⲻǾʲôǶô˵ģԣ񣡡
Ҷ󣬸Ҳ⣬ԹԿһͨһԽ˵Խϲģ
Ҷĸ߳뿪
Ҷ費ظҶĸ߽ȥϻһӣŻӦǷǸ˴ġǸҵ
ǼЩݣϵԶ»ټ㣬ҲҶĸ˵׵ġ
ҶҪˮһʱûȣЩˤеĴִɴ롣
ŵתͷ˵˵ף
Ҷĸ̹ȻӦҲͣʱ˵ˡ֪ⶼҪԼ⣬ﶼܾˡ
Ҷ裺
ԼһˮֻЩˮǣǿ侲
˺֮ʲôǹˣΨûǹ
ߣҪ֪҆뿴ףЩҪ֮ǰдչѵĸߡ
Լ͸һ°ɣ˵Ҫǣ֪Լ_(:١)_ϱû£Ⱳܵһһ
뿴ҲдҵĴٲͬⰡ
һ⣬һע

 55 

, Ҷ˷һȥ, ϵ˳誡֮, ף˾ʹ˶»Լʮ, 誵Լδķ
ֱǧţ뿪, Ҳ˱˵δ
û, ٹ, ҪҵĴţ誵ӡûлԼ, ֵ˺ʵ䣬ȷҲ˵һ¡
ҶũеҪ˵ףҲΧ, ˭ܼ, ǳʳ¥Ļ, ƹݵ˷, Ƕһź¡
Ҷþòƽ
ҲҺҶĸδǿ˵, Ҷ, Ƚ˾ܾˡ
Ҷ֪ڽ֮ǰȻŹ
֪, ԺдϢģ˵׵ĶˣôܿϡϾҶĸҲ֪ǰҶ趨»Լģǹ˼еĹӣ˵Щ˵׵˴ֲʶ˵Ҷ裬ҶĸòС
Ůʶ֣дʫд£ԵĲ˵Ҳü޸˰ɣ
ͨĶҲУЩȵƾʱҲһܿù˵˵Ҷ
Ҷĸ̾Ϣһ£ûа취æˣ˵Ҳǵ㡣ǿԣҶ˵һ˵
Ҷ費ÿɷ񣬵ͷרעе
ҶĸʣƽھܣʵĹӣ

ҶĬҡҡͷ
ƽܼģǾйŮۻμӣҲߣš˵Сģ빫ӡ
Ҷţû빫ӵ˵

ʺ˹С
ʺһУͣظˣȻʺĻʳһ¾ͿʼԹ
ĸɲ֪̫ж֡ص̾һңǲǻ˲٣ˣǱ̫Ӹʹģ۳ģ
ʺʧЦ
ҳҲոģǳճ飬¡
ƽ£ﳤ£Ҳȥ¥ȻƺáʺԹ˵㿪ʼˣô֮ǰû㳤
飬̧ͷƤԼһͨѻʺЦ˲Űݡ
ĸ̫£ɱڿˣ̫ӣڹ£ǲȫÿң
̫ӻҪæ£ʺ죺ܸ̫Ӱʲôæ
֧֧ᡣ
˵Ҳ֣Щӣ̫ܵĴԽԽࡣʺ˵ƣϻ̫ӽţ˭֪̫ӾȻȥˣ춼ˣкҪ³ȥ
ֹʲô£ȻҶˣ
˵ֻ̫Ӷˡ
㣿
ǰ
ʺǼලģ

֪ԼʲôӣʺҲΪѣֻ˵̫ӣֲ̾һ̫ӻã˵仰֪뵽ʲôԹԾЦˡҿģΪȥ˭ҵĹҹһʡ
䣬̧ͷ
˻ϣ˵ˣ̫ʮֳɫ̫ӵЩҲûʲôҪġ̫мȥֻŹ˭ڵʺԹؿ˶һۣ˭֪ȥ㡣
֧֧᣺⡭Ҳ˵ûС
ʺһ̶ϲѵУ
ҿˡ
ɻʺѾ˴𰸣ôŮȥ̫ӽ̫ӵĻ¿һ£˭̫ʲôãΨŮɫ
̫ױСͼҪ̳дͳ۶ǽɽ𢡣̫ӳ֮󣬶֮бҪˣ͵ˣȴ̫Ӹ˻һصǰ˵ЩжѾдˣһ۾ף˷ʱ䣬Щ򣬲游ʶӡ
ʺƿԣ̫ǲҲͷŵһߡŸֵ̫̫̫ǰһҪæЩУ游ʷǣ̫๬ŮѾαҪ̫
ʺһһ㶵ģֹ̫꣬꽥̫Ӹһӣֶ̫˵ʮӣǻҪһԥո鷳ĶӣǻҪ⾫ȥμ̰
Żȥ̫ӣպֱ̫ԭⲻ˻
ֻ̫нɽ𢣬˵̫Ҫᳯ񣬾ö֮ʺ󶼷ˣֻ̫Լ
˭֪еõһϢ
̫橶ǰƮƮس˹ȥ
Դҿ
ʺԹ˵㿴ʲôᣬһ֪ˡȻˣΪβЩʱȢ
żеصϲϹ£̫Ҳ١
ʺʱ¡ô๤򣬶û˵̫ӣ񻹿յǹﵹ̫ģ
ļҵĹҿ
룺Ӧ˵
ʺ㽫ԼϵõģδҲδ׵Ĺϸһ飬ȴ벻һȻ
˵һ˵»ҸڣԼһʺϡصҵ֪̫УļҵĹﾹȻŵıҪҪˡ
ҡͷ˵
Ҷ軹֪ݣ˵ˣҶŵ
˵Һʱܼţ
ʱ죬Ȼĸ󡣡

ʺһԡ
ͷ͵õ͵͵ģֳϣ͸¶֡ٿ̫ӣ̫ɿڣҲغˡ
ʺֻܵȲ綨£ֻδǸɿڣҲԼˣȢˣ
԰ᡣ
ţ
Щ˶ȲϹ£ܿϣ˵üᶨ
˵ϳ誣ɳھҲٮٮߣ˳誣ּѵҶ軹ῴ˲ɣ
ʺδöִ
ѣǲһϣиأͣҲʱ˵ˣǼѵܾ

ɫһ͡
̧ͷһԿϷ
ʺ룬ʣǷ׿
ʲô
ǲᣬһô˼ڣʺεȻǿʱʱ㣬Ƕ⣬㲻ȢҪƤޣ

ɫӲصӦöá
㲻ڣǶˣҲֻװʺ̾ƽôδޱ

ס죬ѵؽԼЦ˻ȥ
ʺҲüŭĿҲǣ¥ǼΪβЩʱȢү¥ҲӶˣ


գȸ뿪óȥ¥ͼȻ̫ӳ˽
磿
ãԸߡ
ߣǰ̫ϲǡϷŻ==

 56 

Ҷסڳ, ԭȻҪҶÿһʱһ˽, ȴӷ, ˹գҲһˡ
Ҫȴףһ·ʻҶҴڲͣ¡
һ޿, ͵˰ɣ
Ӳÿɷ񣺡š
˵꣬ҲηӦ, ȥ
æ̽ͷʣ֪Ҷס𣿡
֪

ڨڨ˻ȥ, ﷭˷, ֻҵһ֪ʱȥСص̾һ, ֻ÷
ûҳе㲻ԣô֪Ҷסģ
ҶסңҶҴһʣʳ
ÿһ˶ʶ, Ȼһİ, ˲ߡ, Ȼ, Ȼָλá
ƽҶ˿ɲ٣ÿһʱ͹, Ȼһ, ƷˣɴĹܼҶˣԾʶ, ʮ侲
һ·ߵҶǰţ̧ʱֶ˶١
ʱȫƾһɳ嶯ۼϾҪҶˣų
Ҽˣ˵
ҪֱҶ裬ǷԸ޸
Ҳ˵δݣҶ軹֪ϲϲδ̫ͻ
ǵúҶ˵аţ֮Ҳ԰æֻһ뵽ҪΪҶޣҲ޷ȥ
Ҷſվãָɿ𣬺ð벻һȻ
Ҷǰд£һƪдֱ꣬һ߿⡣ܿԺо£ҲһܿĳſǻӰ
빫ӣ
ҶҪȴ̧׼ŵ˻ȥʮְյһԼԴ
Ҷ裺
ſڣʲôҲû˵ϣ֧°ͣϾؿǸӰ
ǰա
Ĵæȫһǻ⣬ȴԼδʲôֱ׳Ҷ衣Ҷ⣬ڶѰ
Ҫȫܣһճ嶯ʵѵá
ѵҪڣ
ϻҶչᣬѲҪصͣʵ̫Ƥ
˭
תȥͼһ긾վؿԼ
˶١˿ɲҶĸ
УҶɫ΢΢һ䣬վæȥҶĸˡ
֪ˣǳˣҶҹҪµİɣϲ̬ҲصǳеĶ˾ǲһűϻǸҪأ
ѹ͵͵ʣҶҹд£Ǹӣ
΢΢üͷɫغһ֮ľ룬Ҳ˿ԼпŵϣûţҲʲô
ʣǣ
⻰ʵӵĿЦúϲ£죬æҶҹδѽ
ӣ
ɫһĿⶸȻɭＷ˭
絶ǰĸѾǧС
ӻȻҪ˵һ飬ҶĸѾҴҵش˳
ӣǰ˵ЩʲôҶĸæס浽˵Ҽ
Ҷҵģɲ˵ѾˣֻҪͷҹﲻҼҵĶϱˣЦеصֶһƲ飬
վһԣɫڵŻ
ҶĸɫǺ죺˵ܶˣԼ˵㣡
Ʋ죺ҪǴӦˣһѾͷƬӣܷ첻ɣ
㡭
ﻹпˣҾͲ˵ˣ»ӽ£ǵժĲˣأҾ͸ˣҹԵ㣬Եֵźɱһ
ߣҶĸ˴ƣҲҪĶ
Ĳ˵һأҲǸģӾҪҶĸ֣ôôأ
ǰһҶĸǰҶĸûӦҲûôģֻƮƮһ̧֣ͬŭĸһԭתһȦͨˤ˵ϣðûع
Ҷĸһͷʲôûˡ
ע⵽빫ӣ
ӳͷӦˣͳسӺһ䣺
æӵҪ̧ۣһɫʱŵһ䡣
һ¶֮࣬зϡͿˤڵϵǰȣҲϵĲ˼Сֹˡ
빫ӣ㿴ЦˡҶĸھε˵
ҧް
Ļް
ֻһҰøФҶ裬ͷһڣܻΪʵʣµܽճҡ
֪ϲҶ˲٣ҲǾеſ˭뵽Ұ֮ض˸Ф룿
Ǹ˵ģҶĸ֪ܾӦˣҶǾҪ޸һҰˣ
ӻȻתͷҶվſӰŰţӰŲۡӻһ۾ͿˣֱֱУҶ豻鲻Խһ
빫ӵ˵ģɺܿģ־Ψɫ˪Ҷϵôãδģ
ҶĸȻߣ빫Ҫİɣ
ƲֵӦһ
Ҷĸ˴£кǾģҸˮȥ
빫ôˣҶ£ֻˮֵһ룺в޺ò裬ֻί빫ˡ
ͷϣһˮǣһЩ
š飬Ϊβ˵
Ҷݸ빫ʦģ
ƵҲǡ
ֻҶ裬ǻԣҶ޸ˣиõġ֮£ߵ˾ǻʵۣδĻʵۣõġ
Ҷ迴ҲͰˣˣôϲˣ
Ҷϲϲһ£ûһ¡
뷨ڶ﷭˺üȦʱˣӦҵġ
ҲҪ빫Ӱæ𣿡
޾ϸֻҪ㿪ڣҶܰһصҿǰأ㲻棬Ҳûߣǻҳźã
빫Ҫʲôݳ棿
һҭ
Ҷ˹ظԼҲһˮ鶼빫Ӱæȴǲеġ
һ
̶ҵڣң·ڶߡ
ΪʲôУսֻ֣һֻһ˲䣬ճĺˮҶĸڻ¯ϵˮһյ죬ϾҪ̶㡭жֻҪ㿪ڣҪʲôԡ
ߣ̫ӣʾ׵

 57 

ٿڸ˳ŵ
̫, ʵ, ǧ, ˵ȥÿһ仰Ҫȳ߶ȣΨ˰ѱ
ϱӣذ޷, ռҶָ壬͵͵Ҷƽ谭, ʱҲδҪر, ֻ֪ҲòɵⱲ, ô
żʱȸضѤβ, ǰԼ֮Ҷ迴һУҲҪ˵Ŀ⾡ԼϣҪһ˳ݡ
ҶȴֻǴ, ܿߡ
ǻȵһϢ, ֽ̽š
ǽ, ЩģҶӦҵ˼
Ҷ费вˮ, ִɴԼӳԼݣˮεЩģ, ܾ, ԼӦδпô侲Ҷָ޼ָʶڱԵ紥˻
ȷҪ빫Ӱæ

룺ĸƭˡ
Ҷϲ
ϲ, ᲻˼
Ҷĸպˮˮ˳ʲôҲûУҲûа취д빫ӡ
ûʲô
ϻƺһЩҶȥҡҶĸ¶ּҴҵˡ
عž
̾һǻ˵˵Ǽ¡Ѿǵһˣһİ˶Գδżң㻹δޣܲһ˻
Ҫ˵õİ취Ҷ¶£ñҲûФ룬Ȼ֪Ѷˡ
ɻҪҲӦ˲ʣæҶ費Ը
Ҷŵ顭Ҳδ
Ϊ뿪ֻ֮ӹüһЩֻõĲЩסĲЩҲ⣬ֱղŴ۽硣
ҶҴУ͵Ĺ඼Ѿ£ʹЩδ׵ģ䵽˿зҪָ㡣һδԼ£ȴѾˡ
󣬻ͷһر˷ڳϺֵΪЩ˴ȴһĲֵΪԭйԼд¡ͷ¶桱ЩװסĹ˵ףǶʩĿǡҶƿԡ
ǵ˻ﻰ⼷ҶĸҶĸӵӣñ˷ֳߵһ
Ҷ˵Щʱգҵᵽȥ
۾һᵽУ
ԭȾĴ㣬д£۸񿪵ĸߣֻٻһЩʱգһСլӡԭҶ軹ô죬ȴ޿κΣ޷ıǵ뷨ûӣպҲӣӣ˷꣬ܿǡ
ҿ԰㡣ȲصһլӣҪ㣬ضκãСʣλҲ㡣
Ҷҡͷô빫ӵĶ˵Ѿ˲ӣٹһҲլˡ
ΪβУϼգҪܼίµȻԽԽá
Ҷ軹ҡͷ
ֻõ㡣
ҶüĿ΢ɣ̧ͷ
ҲܲΪϵ㣬ҪӣԸլҲô˭ҲǷ˭ҲҪĶ顣׼ڻǮһȫ
¶ǵˣҶܾ˵˸ˣ㶼աһլӣҲԸ

Ҳǿİæ𣿡䣺ҶˣһլӶԸҪҲҸ㣬㡣
Ҷ˶٣Ȼ飬˷빫ӵ⡣
ʲô
빫˹֮ǰҶ˾ҽˡҶǸһֱҪ빫ӵǸһֱδ빫ӣղܺú˵һ

ſڣð죬ͨйؼ
Ҷˣ
ĸҶˣ
ˣ
ֹضʲô£ܿҲгΨҶ£ԲûѣʲôˣôͳҶ˵Ĺͣ
۾ҶھΣӵĻںڣϲ£Щ
ҲˣôҶҲͣ
໰˵ȴ޷ڣתһȦֻܺ޺޵Ȼ˷ҵ⣬ҵլӡ
򡣡
ҵլӣҰм㣬ܸ˰ɣӺ˵Ҷ˰㣬㶼ϴӦΪҰͲУ
Ҷ룬˵ͷ
кֱ޷˵ıһЩ
ģôܾͳ˱˵ģ
ƫƫֱֲԣҶ軹֪ݣֱ˵ˣֻҶŵ
֪ˣ͸ȥʱȥ˵ﻹҶ˵£
Ҷ򴽣ɫȥСûա
һʱûӦʲô
ЩŵĶҶûաģȥЩҪҶﻹȥˡ
лһ㱻ίĲͷǲϸ۲죬ѷֵˡ
΢Ȼ޹ġ
ߣ̫ӣϲǲҵİʾˣ

 58 

ӻصʱ, ǲƶˡ
, ׽֮, Ҳܲ仯ֻĴһ·˵仰ֹ
ʱʺӶȥ, һ̫ӣЩϡ棺̫ӽʲô£
۾һ, ſ˵, ɿ֮ǰ, ȱӿһۣʱҪӿڵĻʻص˶
ûʲô
ûʲôʺȤѵǳһ, ȥϹ
Ӳԡ
ǸӦûУ˵ˣʺ˵꣬ŭؿһۣҪ˵ͺú˵üŪ۵ģүɡ
һ, ֻõͷרļв, ͬʱ, ͵͵ӵĻ
δӦշ, вЦ⣺ӦҲǶġ
˻棿
ǧȷ
ʺʣ, ΪλӦ㣿
ڱﲻס, ̲ס˵Ҫ˵ǹ̫ӷҪݣҪ̫ݰڳ, ûйϲ𣿡
ʺøˣô֪˭
ɲһĿӣϲ˵ĸɲ֪̫ӷǵݣֺ˼ҹһ¾ʹңңǲǱǰŻɣ˲٣ǧΪ޹ģҿÿ춼ڰ̫ȰһֱرͣŤ
Ӳɫջ˽ţ˵
ããҶġʺЦֻǺ棬ǾļҵĹȻֵ̫ģҺʱܼ
лġͣƬ̣˵϶ϲ
ƽҲʺٻҶ¡
ȻˣĶҪЩ
룺Ѿ㹻ˡ
ϱʼնδ̤һȴѾ˳ҶǰҶǵҶԸĶ˵Ķգֻġ
ֻġ
ϱãֻһ㹻ϲ
ӵ𴽽ǣҨһӵܳǾ֡
ֻҪٵЩʱ
Ѿ֪ˣҶҲǸĳˣֻǷأӲֻҪ˸գ׷ʹҶ̬ѾͲ٣ҲܵȵҶļ
һˣȱ
ӳһζ⣬

լӵ飬Ҷ׼ҡ
ҪᵽѾãԴʮֻһȥпլӣӣ˵ææµµʰ
ҶȻˣֻҶĸ
ҶĸһЩûعôôɾܰᵽȥˣ
Ҳ￴ˣﻹʲôŵģҶ˵ֻܵӻ࣬ҪȻǻסĸһЩ
Ҷĸæ֣͹ˣˣҲҪĵط
ҪģٹЩʱգȥеҲҪˡ
Ҷĸһ
֮ǰӣҶŻûãգ۾ס˳լҶĸ벻ţɵǰʵʵģ벻ŶСʲôӣ˼ңҲ룡
ۿҶд£ҲۿӻٲܣҲˡ
Ҷĸֻܵ빫ǸˣԸӡ
ǡҶӦһ˵빫ӵȷǸˡ
뿪ĵһԸְ˾빫ӣһֱ񣬳Ҷ֮⣬õľ빫ˡĺöൽҶ趼ЩҽӣԼӵĶˣᱻΪǵôߡ
빫Ӻ񲢲롣
ӵĲࡣ
빫ӵ໭СҶ򴽣ԼҪȥ룬ϲؼӿʰĶ
Ҷĸ֮⣬ȵĻҶҴĴǡ
Ҷ汲ҶҴ壬ǵһҪᵽȥҶӹΣҲɰᵽȴͷ¿¿Ϸӡ
լӶ󰡣˵Ͱˣ
ٴж¶ĽЩϵģҶĸһźӦֱͣӻش
д֪Ҷд£ȴͷһ֪дôӣһʱ˼죬񶼱ˡ
ҶҵھӶᣬҶĹϵ֪ţҶһûа֮ǰ߶˵
ʰãҶĸ¿һȥҶڼϢھӵӴ
ʱ뵽гϢӲǰ˼ѾͷʱƿǰҲǵ÷һ£ǧС㣬־ÿǷҲӲܽǰҾ;ãҪܿ࣬ҲҺ㣬ùӣסȥˡ
ҶͷĦ½ǣЦ
ҲҪĻӦֻҸྶѡ
ҲﵱҲ˲ٿͷ
ҶĸģҶ̧ͷǰôˣ
˵£ӵ¶ʱˣһ꣺Ӳã޽ö꣬ȴһֱûϡ
Ҷִۡ
飬Ӷ˵Ҳˡ
ڸĸҲָ㡣ҶĸҰɴжҶ̹룬֪Ҷĸжί
ҲҺ㡣Ӹ̾Ǽ˿ɲ٣ﻳ㣬Щ˲ŴͷҲʱԵʣǼҵݶ
Ҷ˵ѹ֣ؼ֮Ҳδʲô岮
ֻﱾͲãûãҲһضˣǮҲȫ򣬿ɻǲ£ۿţһӼǻ˶˵ɵأۿžҪȲˣˣûŮӤ
֪Ҷ˵
뿪֮ǰѾ˵ŮʼĩˡȻҲЩԼЩƽҶĸʱز޿κΣŰοԼ
ʵﱾҲԸ⣬һȰ˵ţЩھΣǺúõģ˭ýԼĺˣòװð㻻ˣ嵱ǳŲסһȥˡ
Ҷ͵Ӧһ
ҲǱӦ㣬ҲûϹЩ꣬Ҳһֱ㣬һֱöԲ㡣̾һҲҺгϢȻֻһŮҲ˳Ϣˡ
ӿҶҵŮӣȴ˶ʱŸϹҪ˵ҶҵŮǰҲڴ˼Ҵģֻд£˵ҪޣҲü޸˲ǣ
ҶЦЦʵҽأǶ˫̥𣿡
㣿һ£Ľ㣿
Ҷһ㶡
ɽСأҶĸ׿˵Ľ㣬ǼٵĲɣ
Ƥһϸ۲һӵɫȴҲһãȻؿԼ
Ҷĸǧܽ˵ȥ
Ҷɣ̽ŵӦҼǴˣ
Ҿ˵ôн㡣ûϣ޽ĵһǾھӣ˼һֻһŮЩܻϣҲںôĵѡ
ҶŵͷӦ£Ψɻ
߶߶˵£ҶĲɵӦţȵҶĸ֮Ӳ뿪
ʣµ¿ҶĸüţҲҶһ¿ҶȽŲ㣬Ѿȵ˳У¿Ҳ
ڣҶӵĻҲûа취
ҶĸȻ֪ϲصҷŶˣլȻ󣬿ԺӵǲСϲʰˣҾԺϻһ㿴ӣõģ㴰ڣԺ㿪ܿ
ҶĲɵӦһ
¿ʱһ
һʿϣһǣһǣһͷһˣʿǰСܣ˽Ųĵظںͷܣͷ棬Ǳ˷ֵߣ˵Ƥӵ£һ˴ţδֱͣĳȥ
ҶϳĽʿǶ
ҶĸյĶߣ˵ǲǷʲô
ǰɡҶӦҶδףҲǼ¡
֪һֱŮǰЩʱ˵žľǵˡ
ҶôŮ˵ϾҪһˡ
¿һֱСԺſڲͣ£ҶһԺ
ֱжˣ黹Щء
õլӣԭҲʮָˣȴãȻ޴롣
Ҷĸе꺮ůǲ۵ˣʣµ齻ͺãȥϢٽ㡣 
Ҷؿһ

Ҷƿߣ䴽á
ҲãҲãֻҪĶþ͹ˡ


 59 

¼, Ҷĸˡ
, صһĲ, ҲûǮ⣬ʱҪʢ
Ҷмвˣ, Ե㡣
ҶĸղǺãǽտ÷ͷ, Ũͽ, ζҲƽ˲١
ҶĸЦеص, գҲȥЩ, լӻ˲ӣ㻹Ƿ빫Ӳأܲȫһ˵šҺȻˣҲûô
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ҷĸи, Ҳ, һվƸҶ, ԼҲ˼, ûȴ졣Թ˵˲, ŷҶЩ, ŵˣЩȥϢ
ҶҲеؼйһ⡣
ҹ
Ҷĸ͵͵鿴˯ûУմŵʱ, Ҷ۾к˯⡣

Ҷĸһæ㻹ûЪ£
ЩҪ㡣
ʲôҪܵȵʣҶĸ۵ص춼ôˣһ죬ǸúúϢ
ܣǲʳҾ˯š
Ҷĸ˹
˵ƣŮȥҶڱֻ¶һԴ۾һգգؿںڣģŻмֿ
ҶĸһΪޱ鷢𵽶Уʣǲǻ˸סЩסߣ
Ҷҡҡͷ
Сʣܷҽ飿
Ҷĸһ͡
ջ֣ɫЩӲôȻ
ֻǺ档Ҷӱ֣Ƶֻ䣬𣿡
ҲûʲôɽġҶĸµĻУճûվûˣҲˣèƵģʱҺûϣһûˡ
һ۹ȥʮ꣬Ҷĸ
Ҳǲ̫ʱǸʲôȴǵʱϲ˶Ķӣֱ֮ЩҶ˲ŲջͷظԭͲãҶ뷽跨Һö壬Ǹӵ˸
Ⱥӳһ֪ǸŮޣЩ˵ͷŴҶҪչҪӦЩˣҪչŮҪΪѰҽҩһҹ˸ȵڶʱӵ嶼͸ˡ
ĺӻôСҲûҲ֪˭̥ʮºȴһҲû
˹˼˶˵ǶԹ˼簮ҶĸԼɷʲôҲֻҪӽúûžͺá
ҶĸĨһôȻȥôˣҲûʲô˵ˡ
ǽҴꣿ
󡣡
Ҷգգۣģ˫̥𣿡
Ҷĸ΢Ӧһû˵ǣҲû˵ǡ
ˣǲҲر񣿡
ӦӦǵġҶĸƲͷҶ࿴
Լ
ģһҲܻġ
ҶԼҶûһֻ֮ǽţʵ⽫Ҷ赱ԼŮڱģֻҪ˵Ҳ˻֪
ҶЩ̶ʡ
ǽ˰̣Ҷĸѳɴһء
ȴ̲סʳڡ˵ҶĸֻһŮҶĸ˵·Ů
ʲôأ
ںʮ꣬˷˶䵭żʩΨһõϷȥ磬Ŭʮ꣬ŵ֪Լǹ˼ҵŮļңԼңдȰĵ֮еǰ顣ɽֺȻ֪ܻǵŮ
ҶҶĸεҶҵģ
Ǳ׵ﶪ
Ҷ߱ӣס˰ֻ¶һ˫۾ƻ谵𲻶ڻ谵ճݣ۾·ˮʪģ˿
Ҷĸģһĵױ
㣬㹻ˡãﵽסʲôġ
Ҷ费ۡ
ȥеĸӣҶĸҲδ
ξãҶĸΪҪ˯ˣŵ׼뿪ʱ˵ֻһŮ
Ҷĸһ
˼Ӧǰ㡭Ļû˵꣬ŲЩԡ
ҶĸƬ̣ŵתͷɴ۾Ҷ费۾Žߵıӣֱӡ
衢Ҷĸʣ㷽˵ʲô
ڰʱз飬ҶЩ̣ǵģ˵ֻһŮ
еʣأ
Ǵģ
ҪٸʵףֻҶĸķӦѾܸˡ
׼ҶҲһһܡ
Ҷĸɫɷף״Σ
֪ˡҶ跭ɫˣҲȥϢɡ
ҶĸȻ͡
վԭأĬãײײطſ˳ȥҶ۾ڴϣʱɫŹ֣Ŭֿ˯⣬Եɵʣôˣ
֪ˡҶĸɫȻŸ˵ֻһŮ
Ҷһ˲۾˯ȫޡ


Ӱǣظһ·ƼҶһ˵£˹
ԭţʳٸҲ١
һҪ׶Ҷץ֣صϾҵˣҵȲˡ
̾Ϣһûȥ
ĳʵǲÿ
˴Ƕһƽٶãȴһ˱룬ͷ̵Ѫգؿ΢·ѾûϢ
Ҷʣ
˵ľɲ
Ҷ˱ɫ
ͬʱǰ
ǵʥϵֳʵ۵ǻλȣʮǰգȲķڹ֮ɲһ򾡣ѾҲˡ
˭֪Ȼ©֮㣡
֣ģ́ͷ
òͨȺоͺҵô꣬Ƕһֱ׷ʮ꣬ƬҲҷɣûȺ
ˡᣬڼžİ֮УҲԲ
Ҷ̲סʣҵŮأŮصȥˣ
ˡĮ˵ˡʮǰˡ
˵
ȴᣬԹԵ˵ȥӳ󣬾֪ܲԶ˿йؿڣÿһˣǴСģȫҪѲһǴҲӳȥ
ҶɫɷףץŶ֣ûе¡
ǿװ򶨣ô֪˵Ǽ١
дϢ˵үˣ˶סұڹӦõϢʱҾ֪һȥ̧ۣҷڵĿضŶΪʵ۳ĺãû˱ǹûͽ档
֪ܲԶҲûܣҰɽϣҵйصĶˣҲûʲôģȫ˵ٸݺһΪܵԶԶģѰ϶ûʵûߡ
ŮʧʱǺѩɽ
Ұ޿дһӤҲ޷ڱѩ֮д
̲ÿһؿڣѲÿһӤˣȴûһɽѹ˭Ҳû뵽˾ԼƤӵ¡
Ҷץ֣ҧأɴ۾߿ԽǧСȻһֱӻ˹ȥ
ɫ䣬æ˱𣬴˳ȥ
顱һعϡ
Цһǣ˴ͣعž
룺׻Ǹĳݶ
ȴݶ
ӤʱЩ̣ΪʵЧÿһ˶մǵѪΨǸճȥӤ޹Ƿˡ
Ȼݶá
ڶһĵʱʮ껹Ѫ졣
ߣ˿

 60 

Ҷֱҹѹ
۾ʱ, , Ҷһ, վ˷
ֻһһ۵ĹҶ˱ǰЩΪҵľһû, ȴǰҪУ۲, ҲοĻ
ԱС, , ҨһҩιҶߣҩ
ʲôúȵġҶ˲ͷԱ˵ҩ, ѵŮ𣿡
һҲ˻ȥ
Ϊˣﲻ֪ЩζȹǻûҵŮ, δ׵֪Ѷ, ˵ʮǰ, ͸Ůһȥˡ
ʮ, òϣѾǰȴֵ֪¡ʮǰ, ͵֪Ѷ, һʹ졣
ΪʲôأҶ˿ૣ۹ʦ˵Ѿҵ𣿡

Ҷֵˣ۹ʦ˵, ϣãҲģҷҪҡ۹ʦǵõɮܳ˵ֻǴʦҲ˵˻ѡ
ûҵһֱȥҲ˵˾ͻšҶͣƬ̣뵽ʲôкȻɣæʣ᲻Ǹ˵˻ѣ᲻ƭǣ 
ƿĿ⣬̻ش
˵Ҷ˻ȥ֮Լ»Ǹ
Ҳǲ˵˻ѣֶΣ뵽İ취ȥʱѾ־壬ʮѾʧȥ˴ǰļᶨ̣ʹϵҲֵס̡
ɶҲûԼҪģֻ˸ϸڡ˵ԼӳǣνӶ£Ĵء˵ٶ࣬Ҳֻ֤ĺѾˡ
˵ģȥĳϻڣҵŮĳ٣ֱ̫꣬治嵱ʱģ
룬ԼһʼͰҶסöã׶ȥجģֻҶˣǵĺӻ⣬ȥϣܲ
Ҷеϣˡ
ֻۣԼ౿׾ֻܽסֲš
СʣҪҪ飿Ҷôǰϲġ

ȥʣûгµġ˵У̸

ҶʫҶʫ㲻Ǻϲ𣿡æҵȥ顣
Ҷ˱ۣһ˾
ſڣ˵ˣԾɵĵץ֣һԡ

ҶҲ֪Լ˯ŵġ
Եɵ۾ʱҹû˯ãΣʶѹʱҲᱳʹ񲻼á
һҶҶĸɫ۵ڣȥһҹδߡ
ˡҶĸŻŵȥ˷͸ʢ
Ѿ˷ʳҶҶҳԵκһ緹ʢʢִ֮Сֺá
ҶȽŲ㣬ſڰϣĬƬҶʱĶͣ
εҶЩ̫Ӧ򴽣ʲôҲû˵
Щˡ
һʼͱᡣװ֪ҲİõҶҶĸĳ谮ˣԼεҶҵ֮⣬Ҳ޷ࡣ
ҶĸһСķŵǰҶҨҨ滹һ
أ
ǡҶĸʶؿҶ
Ҷص̾һŹһȳһյ˹Ҷ£ҶĸҲ˰úܽ
˵ɡ˵Ҫٳԣǳ
Ҷջ֡
Ҷ֪˼
ȴ֪ôӺοڣð죬֯ʱ򣬿塭
пͷ飬Ҷ趼ѾŽ
ҶҲ֪¡
ǵŮˣȴ˵Ҷĸ֮ǰЩݱŴſڱտڱҪǵк̹˵ԺգҶĸҪҶĸ˸ŮЩֲָͣΪҶĸβӡǲ˵Ҳ֪ס
ŮһġҶĸڴ滹¹һѩҲҶĸŲš˱Ů޹֮Ůʬڱ¨װҪɽ͵͵ɽҲҺǺ£˶ڼбܺ˳ţҲ˷١
Ů޲أճĺ׶ûϣű¨Ŀĵ˺ܾá
ߵÿһڻںޣΪԼܶעЩΪ֪Ů岻ãȴҶĸôãòĺӣȴûˡͣʱѩˮʪ˫űýӲҲûа취߳һȻŮ
ɡ
ɽʱһ΢Ŀ
СһţĶڱѩСƤף촽ϣֻƾܷ޺ע⡣ǸճûõŮӤ֮ҲԾ֮Ѿ޵Ϣ΢ôһ˵Ҫˡ
ذѩϢڣɽôǸʮƫƧĵطɽô٣ƫƫͱҶײˡ
ûһŮүһŮӤǰ
СĿôŮճʱΪ첻㣬è̺ߺߣ·һû
Ҷûж룬°СŽ¨һ·񱼻˼ңſڱѩܳһȺ
С˼ңҶĸһ¶ģҪԼŮ
Ȼ󡭡
ӴһˣĴǷиճŮӤ
Ҷ˵꣬˳õĳĬ֮С
ҶĸĬĬͷᣬ飬ֱֻܲͣĨ
ҵ׵أҶʣҵ׵˭
ҶҡͷȥҲûļһӡ

Ҷĸİ㵱ŮҲû뵽û뵽
û뵽Ҷʮ꣬ȴûס
Ҷ˴ָ½ǣһѾ|岻
һҹΣμҶҶĸҲȻϳšôһȥĵطûС
һҲˡ
Ӧлл˵ǵңҾѾˡ
ҶȻ̧ͷҶĸҲͣᣬ㶵ؿ
Ҷظҵ׵ѾҪˣ˼ҲҪңҾ޴ȥˡ

ǾңԸǵŮ֮Ӧлǲǣô֡û׵ҲûˡҶͣƬ̣͵´δòã
Ҷĸͷ˵һĻ


 61 

˵ýµδ, ˶Ĭزᡣ
ҶĸΨҶлн, ſʱ, ɾĸóԺúȡ
˳УĴȴǰˣƽʲôۻ, Ÿӷ㣬û¾
Ҷ貢δ˵Լ, ֻδ, ȻѾҶ, ҶҵŮ
գҶճһ, ݼҵ˼ҡǰȴס
衣ѹһֵض㿴ǱǸ˭
Ҷ˳Ļ̧ۿȥ, 㿴һǣվ, ĸߴ, ֱͦ, Ƕ
̳Ҷ
Ҳ֪ǲҶĴ, ֮ϻؼʱ, ƺǱǰ˲١Ҷ軹ǵϣҶ࿴æܿĿ, ŵ棺Ҷˡ
ģӦصġҶ˵һųȥ
ҶмҪ㡣ϿҵܷҶ˵仰
Ҷ֪Լʲôܰ϶æģԴǿУӦˡ
˲δԶֻԱѰһƧ
ҶҸУҵķˡЩأ˵ҲЩΪҶҲʵûбİ취
ҶһæʣҶ˿ǳʲô£
ֻܶǵ鲻ãҲȥ취ʵΪֻҶæƽϲ㣬Ҷ˵˵Ļ˵
Ҷ΢
˵һ仰ƮƮ鲻ãöΪѣҪҲ˵򵥡Ҷƽ٣ҶܾӦ
СʣŮһ𣿡
µûڳſڼģǹץˣ
ԣ΢΢һ
ӲδʾǵҶ˵ľˣҲġҶһʣֻɬգգۣŽӿ˻ȥ
ûˡɳƣʮǰûˡ
Ҷ۾ʣϻؼҶ˵ʱ˵˺ϢģôȻûˣģٶĻҲûа취ʳˡ
Ҷ˷ģпбȥҶˡҶ˵Ҿ£֪Ҷ˿ɷ񷽱㣿
˵ͷ㡣
֮ǰ֣صҶ˸л
뿪ҶվԭأıӰʧǰص̾һ
ףΪҶõˣȴҪôίʮ꣬òҵϣɵȴѹյһݡҶ˵ôŮ飬ÿ˵ҶǺܸ˵ģҶ˺òʧ룬Ҳ֪ι

ڶһ磬Ȼˡ
Ҷ赽˹ʱҲǶԳӡ
ҶվͰˡϲ㣬һܸ˵ġ
Ҷأ

ƵԺҶҹجΣҲѵ磬ùţڻ԰ͤųе㷢
ҶʱҲǳһ
Ŷ̶̼գҶ˾Ȼɿһ߿տǣʧꡣһؼҶ𣬿ҶɫԽԽãЩ˵һμʱݿµģ
ͷ˶һۣ˵ͷ߹ȥСһҶˣ
Ҷ֪޾ð죬תͷ
Ҷ裬Ҳ㶡
Ҷصô
ĿԽҶ裬ĲԶȻվǶԶԶĿϡҶ˻Ȼԭġ
ҶС˵Ҷе
ôҲйˣȴ㿴ЦҶǿ񣬵ҶȻˣɡ
Ҷ
ˣȴ֪οڡ
ҶʣҶдʲô£
Ҷæдˣոճļдǹڶ¡
Ҷһ㱵ԭѾˡ
⼸ջججԭÿһ鶼ļ͵ĸϣƺȴûϡ
Ҷ˰˹Ҷ濴ʱҶͰһԡ֮󣬶˲Źƪ£С
Ҳ˵ΪΣҶԭ۶οٻأҲ᲻Ҷһ˵һľͱԭȺ˲١ҶͱСһСҲЩΪ顣
ǲ˼Ҷ赣ģҲҶһͺ˲٣һʱҶ˻⼸ն˲٣ֶ˼ģѾ߶ҩҲûоܾҶȥ԰ߣо¡
ɽҶ԰ͳš
ҶտɷпУʣ£ɷң
ҶȻӦ¡
׼ͻȥҶ˻˴˲ٵģص˽ҶֶεЩ
ˣվſڣЩᡣ
ǰס֡
ôҶﶼˣҶԹصǵ飬ô鷳ҶҶﵣһȴЩΪˡ
ư֣⼸գÿһشҶ˵ָǱȴȵġ
ҩˡ
ȰңȰҡҶΣҶ棬ѵһҲҩиЦң
˵þͺá
ۼţҶһķ˷·һӻˡ֪ŮѶ֮Ҷ˱һֱҹͷ˯ţ˯ҲجΡô˺üߵķӣ뾡취Ҷ˻ģʲô뷨ԹˣȴһҶá
ҶߣúϢҶﻹҪġ
ҶţҲڴ
գҶ趼ԼţҶ˵ľһձһպˡ
Ҷ̲֮סԼķ˵ǰһֱţǵŮþҶӡ룬ҴˣֻҪŮţͱʲôáÿμҶʱһ̲ס飬ЩʱöԲŮҾǲͣ롣
οҶǸõģôϲҲǳ¡
ǰѵôԵĹҶ̾ҶҲԼ׵߳ŮţҲᱻҼҶʱһЩҲǵŮһЩ
ʵȴǣŮ뿪ûþˡ
Ҷ˵˼ôء
ʮ»̥ѾŮദʮʱ䣬ǣҶʮꡣ˼ʮ꣬ҲǳϦദô˵ҪͲҪˣ
¾ôĺˣټһȴֻһճ֮е޹Ӥ֡
Ҷ˳֮С
һжУа˾
ȵڶգҶҶ˸ڳȥ׷˹
Ҷ̽ͷҶˣ
Ҷûдȣٵصһ֮롣
Ҷ˻ʲôҪҰæģֻǡҶҶҶƽô࣬Ҹм߾ȫ
¹ش󣬻ҪҶúÿǡ
ҶҲɫҶ˵˵޷
ߵߣ֣صʣҶɷԸ⵱˵Ů
ҶȻס
ҶﲻؼŴӦңȥúÿǣҲҪǿֻҪѯҶһ򴽣ƽﻹǹȴ̲ס˵һЩÿҶУ˱˲٣ϲҶҲŶôͷҶǲԸֱӾܾͺãҪǵãҷˡ
˵˵ȥΪҶˡ
ʵ֪ʼĩ֮ص׼ݼ٣ڼҶˡ취ҲֻҶʱҶ˲ŻһЩ⼸սҶ˵ĸ˿Ŷͷ
ҲҶᣬҶʧһء
Ҷ˵޻룬ʣҿɷҵһ£
һüͷ滺
ҶȥúÿǣǿǺˣٽ𰸸ҡ
˵ַ꣬Ҵظϡ˻ڼеš
Ҷȥʱվɴ˹ĵġĳǹĵıȽĻҪóԣҶĸų˺üգȴΪ𺳣ֻʣ¸м
ּҶĻ߲ߣ˳˵һ䣺ҶǺˡ
Ҷʳз£м
ʲô
ԴǣѶĻһ顣Ȼʣô
ҶԭſƬȵͣ˶ŤŲӻͷҶĸǵɴ۾ŵϴ̶ˡ
Ҷǲͬ⣬Ҷ˻Щ뷨ΪҶˣҶƽ࣬Ҷ˺ԺӦòˡ
Ҷĸæ£ææֲɾҶ˵׿˵ģ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ȼ׿˵ģӦ°ɡҶĸԥصǿǹŮպҲ±۸ˡ
ҶԭΪǻԥû뵽ǾӦ죬ԭء
ҶĸȴĲͬŮദһʱգҲŮʲôӣҶеԥҲ˽һ
Ҷ֣ĳصƽж࣬ﶼ֪ЩʲôҲﲻ㣬û飬Ҳʶ֣լӶġǰ±˲鷳ﶼСڸų۽Һһպ㻹ܵЩί֪Ҳﲻ㡣һ
ֻΪԼҲӦӦպйҲ˻۸㡣
ҶǺˣǰͰǡѴҲûиɿŵĵ
ҶÿճţҶĸҲҶˡ
ʧȥŮˣҶĸͬܡҶ˻ԼһЩȻʧȥԼŮɺŮ˹˼ʮֲ꣬ȱֻҶ衣Ҷˣȴһֱʮ꣬ʮõجġ
Ҷĸ룬ȴǰŮʬʱıʹй֮޲
ǵأ
תͷҶ
ҶжҲ˵ͷҺһ뷨
ҶĸȰͷˣﻹǻӦ뿪ҲˣΪŮǸùҶѹȻҲв̡Һһ۰㣬Ϊõ£˻
Ҷŵ˵ͷ̲ס죬˼ذҶĸĻ
ڶȥʱ붨˵Լľ
ȻˣлҶ
ҶҡҡͷСҸллǡ
Ҷﲻ˵ǷǾǾ֮˵ʮҪҶȣֻǾ֮ͣԶԶҶ
Ҷſڣĵʵڹ磬ҲĻ
ҹҶڷڴ˵ҶһҪҶߡҼ⼸գϴأ͵Ĺ͸ôƯƯĲǡ
˵ġ
ţҶǷ᲻ˣ
Ҷ
Ǿͺá
Ҳʷˡ
ʲô
뽫ҶŮô룿
Ҷһ㶣һֱ塣
ŵػͷŮ
ҲϲҶҶ˵ŮӦҲˡ
Ҷס
Ȼⶨ˼ЩʱգŬҲûƼֻԹ˲Ͼֻġ
Ů֮ҲûȰһǵײһ̲ס룬ŮϣһջԺȴԼ۰ˣŮ᲻ѹ
ķҲͬ뷨
Ҷ˿ڱ˵Ļɶ϶Ŀ⣬Щ̡
ǵŮѾˣҲزˡʮЩʱķһҲܡ
˼ת˵ȴ˻ȥ
Ҷʣ᲻᲻ˣ
ʵԼŮССģ֮У֪£˵ϵõ
һ֪Ѿʮ꣬Ѿˡס֣֪һҲҪ
ǡҶ᲻᲻ͬ⣿Ҷԥ
ҶѾӦˡ
ҶȻξãԹص㶼ˣ˵ҵ
Ƿ˲ͬ⣬ȥҶǸ
Ҫˣ
Ƿ˲ԸҲʲô
ҶݸͷҲ˳Ļ뵽Ҷ衣
ԭȾϲҶ裬ǰΣԼŮڣӦҶģȴûҶԼŮٺõĹҲǱ˵ģеôΪģ
ҶŮ
еĻǸģӰʵʡ
룬Ůһֱߣְֽʶ֣һЩдʫͤͤʱΪѡеſŮһҪһŮᱦ۳裬˭Ҳ۸á
Ҷﴦķ˵Ƕ˺
ҶŮһҲǺܺõġ
ߣ̫ӣңҾһ
*
һŶ

 62 

ҪҶ˵, Ů, ɲʹˡҶ˵뷨, һʵӣٰϯظˡ
һ뵽ҶΪԼŮ, ·ͷ˲١ȵڶҶʱ, ȻŴҶȥ
ǰҶ, Ǳ˼ҵĹ, Ҷ裬ȴԼŮҶ̬˱仯, ׽Ҷ赽̳̣ſڱƹĽкö
װںУֵƣҶһ, ҶͷϱȻü, ֪Ѳǡ
ȻҪ, ŵξ, ҶϴȴͨͨѣҶ, ѵӻԼҵѾߺ, ȫҶһȳš
Ҳ̫ˡҶܳصҶ˲ΪЩġ
ôУպɾҵŮˣҵŮôЩûУҶ˲ԥˣֱӶƹЩȫ͵Ҹȥ
Ҷƿԡ
, ȥ̣ҶվҲѡֱ˽ȫ͵ϣҶԭڹ˼ҴҲؾнЩպ߳ȥɾҵŮˣҵŮȻܱ˭һЩǮ㣬Щ㲻ʲô
ܶ໨һӣܻһŮҶ˺޲ɢҲơټһҪһ´ࡣ
״ҶҲٿҶ˼ʱҲԼϲáȹ꼸ӣͷŶҶ˻һĲѣӳµõһٴΣ˴ǰҹŮģ
Ҷ˿ˣͷЩ
ҶӦ£ͨͨġ
ߵˣȥ¥£ڲ¥̸˵
ûڣ˵ţҶתͷ⣬һͣڽֽǡһ£˵һĻһͣסһ˲ԶԶģӵݡ
ԶҲʲô飬ȻҶͶ˼
빫ûÿسǰʱҪġ
Ҷ
ҶջߣЩ˼ضҶ˵ˣܷȥһ
ʲôˣպ͸úһˡҶ˺ɫصˣ˭ҵĹ
Ҷ򴽣ָ½ǣһˡ
ȥɣҾ㡣
ҶĿûã⣬ͼҶ߳˲¥ߵֽǣһǰͣ¡ҶƤֻһṫӴҶˣҶҲĳࡣӦǾʶ˵˼󣬱Яȥ˸Ĳ̯
Ҷˣ
Ҷ侲ضյһڡ
ô£
Ǹ˭
˵ҶǰлԼ뻧ҵĹӣǻԼ˱ˣҶԸҲǻˡ
ѵҶˣ
Ҷֺһڲˮ
ҶˣȻҪףҶҪΪŮǾŮŮûأôˣ
ĵسǼҵĹ֪ǼҵĹȴ͵͵֪
Ҷ뵽黹û͵Ĵβˡ
֪롣
Ҷ裬ĶϲҶյвٱ仯
ҶơҶ½ǣЦҶǸˡ
Ҷ˵飬Ҳ˵ˡ˵ƽϲ£Щʱգ˵һֱҶˣڣҶ˵ĲҲܺò١
ô飬ǸɲҲɻʵ۴ãʺ˲ٻأҲҶ֪֡ҶڰҶ߳ĲŵûУȵʵǵȲסˣصسѰˡ
빫ӽңʲôҪ£
ûʲôҪ£ֻ㡣һգգؿլӵҲ͵ֲҪҰæʵûܼĻᣬֻԼˡ
ҶͷһŵһΪ빫˵ʲô飬صҡ
ʲô飿
ȻҶŮ顣
ֻҶ˵˼Ҫѡһգٰϯ֪¡룬׻ʲôû˵ڡ
ٹЩӣ빫Ӿ֪ˡʵʵصҵ빫ӣ񻹲˵
΢
˵Ҷʲô飬֪ģ
ǴǰǺ֪
ſڸ˵£ȴһڵҶҶøû뵽ҶﾹȻ˼⡣
ҶĿࡣ
ֻ˴еʹԼװ˿ģԭΪѾҵˣ񶼿ϽҵİæˣȴһЩ£˵ίȴԸ˵ֻһ˿šƽӲΪҲˡ
Ҷ빫ѵûң
治ɫӦֱ׳Ȼ

Ҷ˵ͣ
ӵһμͻ⣬ĵҪװҲϵװ֪֪ĳ˾Ȼ˺Ƥ˵˿졣
Ҷûв𴩣ֻǵ̫빫ӣṼҶ˵⡣빫ӻٵȵȰɡ
㲻Ը˵ȴ͸¶һ룬Ѿʹк棬צģ󻹲֪Ҫܶա˹˵˵ΪҶʲôĸԸҲҶԲȣǷҲܺ޳ܣҪҶһ
ôͳԲˣ
ҶĿɿڴſڻ뷴ɶƤһǸģð˳Ļһ¿ںڣ˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǡ
ˡ
빫ӶôˣҲûʲôرġ
Ҷѣ̫֣ҲԸ֮⡣
Ȼ˵ִ֪磬ҶΪѡ
Ҷ빫ӼŽ˵Ļͺá
ߣѽԽԽ_(:١)_ǲʱýʱµݳ

 63 

ҶȥҶʱ, ϻżЦ⡣
Ҷ, ͣڽֽǵ, ҲûпǸ˭ֻŻӦҲǾ֮еĳҹӡ
Ҷе²裬ɫʵȥ˭, ݼҵĹ˵ǶҪõġ
ҶǱˡ
ļҵĹļҵĹӣ
Ҷſڣȴǲ˼, ֻ˵һѡ
Ҷһڲ, ֺɫʣҲ, ɷĹӣҲʲôݣǹŮ, ǵ̫Ҳϡ⣬һȥ˵˵ס
Ҷҡҡͷл˺⣬вˡ

Ҷ̲סʣǷλ˭
ܲǸ誰ɣ
Ҷ費˵, ҶҲֻܽɻʻص˶
ڲ¥СƬ, Ҷ²˵һ֪һ, ǼҵҲʮֺÿ, ҲǶΣȥ
Ҷֻ
Ҷҵھ֮Ҳʮֳ, ר, εþߣһӦȫ˵Уֱ, ûƽÿζ˳
ƣӾ͸㡣Ҷһӣͨ͸ɫҲʺ͵ķˣȴʺҶ費Ҷ鵭ȻƽմҲɫͷժ£Ҷ˸Լ˼ֽΡ
Ҷ˿ˣ⣺Ҿ˵ǳ㡣
г룬ŮߣܾŮÿΣ߳ȥŮҲǾƯСҶȫĻ룬ȫȫеģ
ҶԽԽϲûưзζһӣȫ͵˹
ҶˡƹǰϻĶˣǷҪʲô֮
Ҷ۾һˣҶԵƬ̣￴ȥһͻ
Ҷ˵ͷҶȲظƹ뿪ԼҲп
һڼһĸŮЯ߽
ãҪʲôﶼ˷⼸նˣ͵ǺúԼ
˼Ź˷˵ĸ첲۵Цлл
Ҷ趯һ٣ְ˻ȥ治ɫԱߵ㡣
˼ֱζȥûƱÿζóһһ֮󣬲ʣѵûз񣿡
񣿡¶Ϊѣ⡭ûˡ
ûˣôûˣ˼ģⲻǾȫõꣿҲûУ
ǵûˣС㲻ٿģнոս»ϵȻ˵ţóһӣȻǶϵȵĺ񣬼ʮ־¡
˼ĿЩɨһϲЩģһûˣ
ģһûˡ
˷˵ҿЩҲǲΪƫƫҪ񣿡
˼ɲ֪ϻҼҵС㣬ʹһӣرÿҲҪһÿġ
ȥԼκУв٣Ψûзӣɵ˺öաǺ飬еĶҲһҪС
˷˹Ȼ˵תͷʻƣǰʱﶼȫĺܣҲǾţôƫƫվûˣ
˼Ա߿˿Ա߻δõκУ̵ⲻУԸң
ƵǵûˣС㿴ЩѾȫ˶˵ġ
ȫˣ
ǰҶˣеķҪˡ
˼δ˵ʲôԱ߹˷˵ɫȱ˱䡣
ĸҶˣ
ȻǶˣ
ô
Ҷǵеˣûء˵˷ҪǲţҶ˳ˣҶˡ
˷ɫӲһʱûӦ
˼Ź˷˵ĸ첲Ҷ˳ˣҶˣܷһǡֻҪһӣһͺá
ûУȥӾˡ
˵ģǾõ𣿡˼°ͣصǺȻҪõģôȥĵ꽫ͣҶҲʺϴô࣬һҲ¡
ƵСҪõӣȥҶõķӾҶء
˷˼һ£ҶĸҶ
˷оɲǸմϢ˵ǶŮ
ָҶǶء
շڼҶ裺
εתͷ˼ĸŮ߶ϣס
˼ʱɫҶ裿
˷Ҳʣô⣿
˵ҶЩΣΪҶġ
˵ɫʮѿ
˼ǲţҶ˸ΣΪ㣬еķˣ
ԱЩδװģѾֵƣ˵вѾˡֻҶΣ˼ȻʲôҪǸҶ;ò̫ˡ
Ǿõ꣬ɶϺõģֵƣʹǺǧҲһԲĳһص˹˷˳˷˵ŵҲ֪˷˵㷶ΧڣҲûҶǰ¡
˵ˣҶҶʲôϵҶΪҪΣ
˼ĿͣҶͷϣԴʱҶһֱźÿҲժ¡˹˼Ҷͷϴŵʵϳˣ񹤾ϸȵСķӻҪƯٱ
˼ҧгݣʲôƭҶˡ
ҶüͷСԡ
ƭҶˣΪҶҪӣ
Ҷ˵ԸΪҪ˵СҶ跴ʣСҪӣҲӦΪҪͱˣ
㻹Ҫ㣿

Ҷ˵ûô˵
ֻӾͷϣҪóȥҲӦú˵
˼߷ȻҶ޹ʣö˶˵ģΪҪӣ֪ͷϵҪӣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֪
Żƽʱȫ˵ˡ
˼
㣡ܻصһũŮд£һҲӵǮ⣬һʱƭҶˣҲһֱƭҶѹȻڸӡΪҶ˻һֱ翴Ŀ
Ҷƹһ߳ʱһ仰
Ҷüʵô֪Һ󲻺ڣҪ˵
˼תͷˣһʱ
˼ҵĹ㣿Ҷ䵽Ĺ˷ϣҲû˵ʲôջߡߵҶߣվǰ벽ʶ̬Թ˼Ҽǵ㣬ϻ͵ҶʫҶʲô
˼һ飬˰벽Ҳվ˹˷˵
˷ɫӲαͱˡ
ҵ֪ҷһ仰˵ˡû͵ҶʫǷ˵˲ҶЦһҲ֪Ҫʲô飬ʱҪ˲ˣ
˷˱ͣɫѿ
˼һ°˰أСҪһӣеķ񣬶ˡ
ҶҶʴʣɲ˵ʲôҶ˵ĲǡǿǶɲ˵
Ҷ˲⣺ˡ
ΪҪӣ˼̲ס˵Ҷ˿֪ܲҶ
Ļû˵꣬ͱҶ˴ϣֻһӣеĶǸġ
˼ͣĿɿڴ
ð죬ŽԼļѹȥΨɫѿʹŬΣǵ˼Ҳ¶ϣΪʲôҪ
ҸҵŮҪͬ⣿
˼ȻθŮ
˷Ҳͬɴ۾
ҶסҶ֣Це˵ҾҪҶŮҵŮ
Ů
ЩʱգоͻٰϯѸˣǹ˼ӦҲյҶ˹˼һۣ֪ҶǹĹɲ˭۸ġ


 64 

ֱ뿪, ˼þûع
ûз, ѡ, ͬÿҲҶͷϵĲǷû, ܾò⡣
ģҶ˵Щ
, ˼, ȥؿ, ԽͷĻԽʢ
, 㿴˷ŵҶûصҶˣǰһˡ
˷֮⣬ע⵽ҶϵĴҲɲ, ˵ǳµ, ҶҲõ, ƽﴩӺ˲١˼ƽӵģ, Ȼһһϱӡ
ϱӵҶ, , ߸ϣ˸ʲáҶһȣ˶Ŭ, ҶǰҲС糾
ػһ֮󣬱뾡취ҶصôλϡⱾˣҶũںһж͵ģũŮҲи߹Ժռòɳ˺ÿò֮⣬Ҷ豾һǴ
ôֱأ
Ҷ˶ŮҶ˻ţ߳ȥݾͲũ֮ŮǶĹ㲻ɶûжŮŮֺŮк
òװҶԭλôתַ֦ͷˣ
˵˼̲סѵûƼҶж⣿ѵǾֻܸɿΪŮ𣿡
˷߬еӣ˵ǻô죿
˼룬Ҳ޻˵
Ƕ⣬ǾģҲĲˡ
ǵأ˼̲סʣϻصԸæˣҶ跢£ӦҲܰǰɣ㿴ϻ飬϶ҶǺޣĳ˶Ů϶û򶨹״ùԸǺΪ˺ҲҶ谡
˷ûصû
ʲô
ЩԭҪҶӻظУǺŮ
ʲôôô
⻹ֹĴ㣬ҪҶ͵ԥϣ£ԥ鶼һˣƫƫһţҶ˹ȥ˷˱ûŮ͸¶Щȴ̲סԹһ˵ǹ֡ȥɲӡ
˼ȴɫ䣺ԥ
ǰ˷ûעı仯г̫֮⣬ҲԥЩǺĹԥҲǹġ
ôԥء˼Ŀ˸£ԥʲô
˷ƳһۣС㣺Ѿ˴ɻһûλЩ˭Ҳ˵׼
ɡǡ
˷ǲ֪֪
ǰϻλ̫ӣԥȻҲһͿءб仯Ϊԥլ֮С
ԥɫҲЩɫԵɺԥլļ֮һԥʱΪңҲ󣬿ɺԥʧܣԥĵλһǧɣЩլ֮Ҳù
Ϊǲ֧̫أ˼С˵̫ôĴ˵ԥء
㲻˷˵̫Ѿõֵ֣ܲĵطԥܵǻǺĵλҲܸˮǴߡ֪ĶΪ
Ϊʲô
ʥҲвֵܣвֻۣ֧ʵۣһ·֣ʥϵǻ֮󣬶ҲλȻ˺˷˵ԥӮǺһ
˼һ룬ҲƮƮȻ
ֺļϱӵĴæҡͷУ֧ԥ
Щ飬Һ⣬㰲Ķͺá
˼ҧҧֵҶѾǹŮˣһҪ޸ԥأ
ᡣֻվϣ̫Ӷãԥǣ
ԥܼ޸ѽҶ˸ſɲ͵˼˵˵ˣⲻǡⲻǻг𣿡
誣
ǰ룬ڵĹӾǳӣҶǰлԼ˵˵Ҫѳȥأ˼лҡ
˲֪֪ǳ׿ڶ˵˵ҪĻԼҶáǰҶũŮֳ˹Ůݻˣ
֪֮԰ѻԼоݡǳַô죿
˷˰ģģҲ֮ˡ˵ˣҶҲֻǹŮ׵ģױȲ㡣
ģ
أԲ۸ͷϡ
˼԰ġ
˵ֻҪɿڣѵ誻ײɣ
֪誵ΪˣǾӣ뷨͸ֱףҲɿڡ˵ˣгңϲԼ飬ǳûгҵͬ⣬誾뷨϶ҲҶ
˼ţˡ
а룺ǰҶ˵ŮΣ
ȻŮҶ˵¹ˣŮȻҲͲҶϲ󻹲ҪũŮ

ҪŮҪġ
һʵӣٹ㷢ң˶ۼ֤
ҶҲˣΣúһ磬˹ʶĿҶ˿ˣǸ
Ҷ½ǣŴЦЩ˼
أҶʣ𣿡
ҶһͱӹˣҲ֪˵ѾȥˣϾ͵ˡ
Ǿͺá
˵˵ţȥ˵͵ˡ
ҶҶĸصشԼõѣҶӸģƽﴩĶò١ͷһĵطŵģǾн۾ҲҶ࿴ҶȽŲ㣬ŹȣһһߵúҶĸߡ
ȷŮڣȴͷһؼ
ҶϲҶ裬֪ԵĹ˾ʲôȼˣϸ˴һȴЩʧ
˵ǳ࣬϶ûҶĵط
ߣӦ

 65 

˵ʧ, ɵ˼Ը⽫Ůָһ, Ҷим, æ˷ãˮġ
ҶҶĸܳҲͷһؼ, ΪǶǸ߸ϣû뵽̬ơӶǵ񻨵Ļƻľ, жŵĲյǾ, Ҷ˵ҲǺͺ, ԱߵĶһЩƻ˵ĺ, ҶҶĸձ
Ҳ֪ǲǵĴ
ҲͷһؼҶˣɼһʱ㲻ס
ֻΪ̫ˡ
Ҷ⼸, ʢװ, ɫ, Ҷˡ˲, Ҳʮʮ񣬿ȴʮ, ҶҶĸһ, ΪǼҶ裬ֻҶ˸곤һЩ
ҶʱҲǳĲŮֳҶȥʫġҶҶĸа룺˵ʶġ
ҪҶŮ, Ҷ˾͸˿ڣЦеصȥ濴ݼҵĹǲҲˣЩ˵
ҶӦһҶⷬһ˵ڣҶҶĸ͸ˣؿҶҶĸһۣ˳ȥ
ݼҲӵǰδ͸¶Щ޲õʣͲݷ˴ˡһҶ裬˦ݷ˴˹
裡صô飬ô˵һɲ֪Ҵ˵ʱһһأ
Ҷ谲ⲻѾ֪𣿡
ⲻһѣôһյ֪أ˵˵ô飬Ӧ͸¶һǣɲ֪ʱһĵﱣ֤û飬˭֪óһЦˡ
Ҷݸ黹δ£Ҳø㡣Ҷ˺ַڣǻʧһأ
˵ͷҲƽϣתͷ㽫׵Ժȵĸ첲̫ˣҶ˵Ůպ߻ȥҿ֮еˣûһ۸ˡ
ָǹ˼
չ˼ҲŹ˷һǴףǰֻж˵ıġ
ڳûһϵù˷˵ģҲûһϵҶġ˭֪ǧһ£Ҷǰںʱô棬תͷͱϳ˺ΪǧӴҪˮˣ˭֪ͱȥˣ
ûжŮŮɱںŮ̫ˣ
ǵǹ˷ˣ˵ɫҲЩӲ˵޵ϣǲͷȥҲܲ³Ӧв䳰ȷ
ϾѻԼ˵Ҳǳҡ
ҪǵûѻԼˣҽ׵ľǶˣ
ҲգŮײ׵ģǱȲŮ
֮УҶҲɫضҶĸҽ뿪ҲֻҪǣŮ飬Ƿʲô
ҶĸܳæֵˣһҲûУ˿Ůʵĸ֡
ҲûʲôֲֵġҶҲңҪ˵Ӧҵĸ֣һֱúǵлôõһŮĻᡣ
ҶĸĿ΢
Ҷȥø˵ΪŮұӦʽһЩѯǵҷçײֱתǣǶӦˣҲ֪顣ȱĪҪϡ
ҲҡҶĸæ˵ˣǰǼʱ˶˵ְǣʱҲܻرˣƣΪŮǻöԲˡ
˻๧άһϵҲ׽١
ҶһҶϲãҶĸһһˣ˵ԼŮ˵˵ţüĿ֮У¶Ƶĳࡣ
Ҷ˲ۿͨ죺һֱţҵŮȻܺѡҵһۼʱбϲĽ˭֪ʮ꣬ȴ³
ƽ˵ԼĴҲ֪ô£ΪҶĸҶ貢ԼѪԵϵŮȴ˵˵Ե֣аݡԼŮԵǳȴ˵ŮԵأүһЦ
ҶĸӣʧȥŮжȻܣҶá
ҶҲֻĻ̲סᡣ
յһڣűյڵ˻ȥŶЦݵ˵Ѿᵽ˳Уʲôĵطˡ
ҶĸĨĨ۾æллˣӹúãҲҶ鷳˵ġ
ҵŮҲһˣҿôࡣҶЦȽôˣǷҪҸõĴ򣿡
ƣ򿴹˵ȽŻָĲ鷳ˡ
Ҳʲô£Ǿ֮Ͱˡ
Ҷĸţ¶ԥͷҶһۡҶҲˡ
Ҷ˿У֪Щġ
Ȼԥ˰ΣҶĸԥԥصһ£֪ǲǸ˰æ
ʲô飬ֱ˵ˡҶ˺ƵܰϵģҶǡ
Ҷĸ˵˵Щ̫ʱˣƽҲδʲôܼˡ˵Щ˼͵ҺƤˣ˱𽫴¸˰æ
Ҷԭߵͷһס
ס׵գգۣЩûعǲ׵
ˣʵ๫ɽϼġҶĸصҵŮճþȥˣ๫ǾͽŮһЩҲһֱ֪ǰЩӣԼ֪Լ
ҶѾˡ
Ǹúӣ˵ǲطϣֻδϲ˵϶ǽġҶĸ̾һ˵ҹ˯ţҲʼ֪ҲԭȻΪˣףӦû¡׵ǲǶҪһ𰸡
ֻҶĸУҶٷְǱ˶¡
̫ˡ
Ҷüѣ˼жкüӣŮǲӣЩֻҪڽӴкճͱŮ޲١
ҵҶ֮ǱҲһϵһءҶĸҶ˼Ҫ͵͵ңҵˣٸҶҲ١
ɵȥˣҲû˵˭Ҷ˺ӡҶĸ˵ⶼȥʮˣʵûа취Ҫ˰æҲҲû취ˡ
Ҷ˺ðŻع
ͷһۣҲ𾪡
Ǽģŵʣģ
ǣ๫ģʱŸճûãͱ˶ɽϡҶĸʱǺ£Ҳ֪˭ҵôģһӣɱ๫񵽣ûþҪˡģҶɽ๫ʱЩûˡ
ҶڶУƤݺһ
Ӽվ첽ߵҶĸǰˣǼʱڶɽϣ
ҶһҲȻʶ˷뷨Ҷ˵Ŀ
̫ˡ
Ѿˣǲò˵̫ˣ
ôôɺϵ飿
ǵûҶԭסĴӣŮȥɽ¡ŮҲǱ˶ɽϣҲڴ졣
ʹֻҶĸȼ仰Ҷȴ̲ס롣
ӼҶһ𣬾;ôδйһСϲķ˵ҶԼر񡣶Ҷ裬ҶҵŮ
ֹһεԼŮţþҶģҶŮͬ͡
Ҷ˽סӵķ֣ʶһգգضҶĸȴǻþǲǵáһռģ
Ҷĸ˵̬һǽǰĶѹţŵ˵
Ա߳ĬõҶʮһ³š
ļǵһա
ŮļգԼŮּһŮŮ
ʮһ³šҶס
ãȻģ޷ػϣγǳǳĺۼ
ҶŮ͵ߵգҲʮһ³š
ۿԼŮԼǰ˱ߣ˻֮ȥʣʮδج֮оѣеĳ·ǰÿʮһ³ǰҪá
̫ˡ
ôɺϵ顣
ƫƫͬһգŮˣ˶ɽϣҶͬһɽϼһŮӤŮӤ󣬻ʮǶգѩɽɽ˶ûУƫƫһŮӤһŮӤ
첽߻صߣҶţһĻҲ˵ڣֻͣ
߬Ŷѣͣ׷ʣǲģǲǣ
Ҳۿͨ죬˵
ʵ̫ɺϣɺϵҲ̲סš
ǸҲ֪ôࡣǹ󵼣Ѱô꣬ץ󣬱ڰʳǰ⣬δţҲ͵͵ƽʵ۴á֪ٶ࣬Ҳֻ֪ǹѰŮѾˣ֪顣
ȥɽµļʹʮǰѩɽ˶ڼбܺδ˿ɽȥʮ꣬ŮʬѾѰֻɽϵһ
ҶҶĸѾ˵ķӦ¡
Ƕ侲ҶˣعͷĿ·ҪˣǵŮѾˣ
ǡǡҶĸֵӦ
֤
˿ȥɽϣҵŮҶĸ˵˵ַأֻ͵͵ˡˣǲƭ˵ġ
ǲ飬ɿҶ˷ӦҲԼԼʲôƺһǴδĴ¡
ؿһۣˡ̼Ҵҵ˳ȥ
ץҶ˵֣˵˻
Ҷᣬ˵ͷ
ѾˣҲȼϣ

ҶѾһʱˣ˵˻˲ٹŮ˶ϲ
ʱȥþûеȵҶ˳жЩɻ
ҿɶǳŶŮģֻŮûĵյ˶ˣ趼ȹüˣҲǵ˵ˣأ
Ҳ͵͵Ҷҧ䣺裬Ҷأ
Ҳ֪ҶɵصҪȳ˵Щҵʱ򡣡
ѽżȥһߣ
ѾͲסӵʹˣĹܼҽȥֳֻǸضԱ͵ү˵Ҫ£鷳ȵһȡ
Ҫ£˼˴죬һ̲סòǶ˰ɣ
˷׷׳ȥ
˷䵭صԡ
ҵҶҶǺˡ˼ɱﲻס䳰ȷصҶ˸յ֪ŮѶҶչȥˣҶ֮£鵽ҶϡⶼȥôʱˣҶ˵ˣò˰ɣ
ĽͷӶϸڳ
˼յ֪ҶҪҶŮʱͱڶôգһֱûȥ
벻ס
ƾʲô
ƾʲôҶռǼʮı˻Ϲµĺ£ôȫҶռˣ
Ҷ˶£ȥΣμ˷ҲȥǼ꣬еķ֮Ҳ֪ټҴҵҲûжݡ˷ǼĸɺǮȫڳСҶԹ˷Գȴĺܡ
˷ְһѣ˵
ʵҲͲù˼˵ġ
˷мŻ֮󣬹˼вùҲù
ʱҶ˲ֻͣΪҶĹڼңϾûҲ֪ͰͲҶ˵Ůͷ֪ŮʱЩЦѡ˭֪תͷҶ˾ҪҶŮ
ϲҶ裬ҶɺʮҲǲʵɺĹ󻹱ԼΪŮ˷˺޲ýʶӣ⼸϶ݣۡ
ҿû˵ҪҶ˺ˣΪεû֣˼⿴һɫʱɲˣҪٵȥ˵춼Ҫˡ
˵ż˳ּҶ˲Ųأ
ֲҶˣô֪˼ĳЩˣũһ˹õ˺ô᲻˰ɡ
Ҷ裬Ǽʡ
Ҷصش󣬱ӡ֮еɽ˶ѹ˹ȥ
ǰӱԱ糾Ŀ־ѹͷΨҶԽԽŬȴǻúϱһҶ߸ϣ߲ʵ
ռʱͿЩǿջЦ
˵˶ˣ
Խ룬˼оԽģҲԣҶƣ˵ǺˣҲ˼ھܾԭȻ֣͵ΪϸŮҪĹ㷢˵ҲҶɣŮҲû£ҶԣҲѹҶ˻ˡ
㡭㣡۾ˣ鼱֮£ëַˣſڣ;춯صؿҶæ󰲸
ȰˣĿؿ˼Сԡ
ҿǱ˵ˡ
Ҷʲô˼ҶԸ˵ġԵصȻҶδ˵ϯȡʲô鵢顣СȻˣΪξͲܶһȣǹĲ㲻͹СθڣֻҪ˸ǣǹСҪܶ뿪ԺԻ˸֪Ҷˡ
㻹δŮѾԼˣ˼ЦҶҲδ̫ƤһЩҲˣҶﲻŮȴܺƤڱ˸УҲͷһˡ
Ҷüͷ
˵עⶼ˵ĶߣҲע⣬ǰй뿪ĻֱԺ
˼ǺҶҶ˺ŮɵײŮб𣬼ٵĳɲ棬ҶﻹǶעЩĪ̫
ҶЩЦ
˷Ƶؿڣα˵ô࣬ٵЩʱŮǼ٣Ȼ֪ˡ

Ҷ˻㱨òֹס
ġץŶѣģǵŮ
ôɺϵ飿ɾɺϣ
Ůûɱ˾ˣس󣬳ģ
Ҷ˲۹ʦûƭҡ
۹ʦڶθݣ׿˵ϣ󣬹ˡ
ʮ꣬ûа׷ѣж˷棬ֽŮͻصߡ
ҶŮ
뵽Ҷ˻վһģЩûվȣҺñסСġ
Ҷûᣬ֣첽˳ȥ
ҶŮ棬Ů
ҶȸԾǿ첽ߣѾ˱ܡ
һ·ûͣ£ǰһ۾ͿҶ衣ŮվŮô񣬹ʶˡ
Ůţ
Ҷ̲סЦ˳뿪ڽˣڣû˵˵ҶҪҶŮǵҲŮҶɵüǵҪ֪̫֮Ρ
Ҷһ㶣ɫһ³
Ȼתͷȥúÿ˹˼˼ҲͷһˣÿһοҶ鷳
֪ҶԼŮʱͺǿۣ֪ӿۡ
Ҷһ´˾񣬴ǰһɨգ·һʮǰ緢Լͷֺ˹ȥ˵Ҫ˭֪֮
˷׷תͷõһԣȥ
ҶߵҶߣؿҶһۣЩҪиҪ£ҶѹסҶĸ첲һߵ̬ĿسŹ˼ȥ⻰˵ģ˼ҵѾͷ㣿
˵Ҷץ˼һɫмѿ
˷˰סԼŮҲǺѡ
ҶЦһҲѹСһɲҪʲô֪֮ҵŮ
һ˷׷תͷҶҲ𾪣ˣ
˼ŵغ˳ҪŮ
ǰǣǡҶץҶ֣һһ֣صصʮŮǶ˳ǧ𡣽գҲҪŮҪҵŮϻ
˼ҵѾͷ㷽˭˵Ҫ֪֮
ʲ˼˵ʲôֺȻץס˼ʶسʹͷȵؿȥ
˷ȴûᡣ
˷˵ɴ۾ĿضҶˣɫʮѿ־ŭ£毺õҲ΢΢Ť˼һҪڣͼ˷˵ĿֻƵҶϡ
Ӳؿڣ㡭
ĻŸտ˿ڣʧȥźϺϣȴһҲ˵
˷˵۾ֱֱؿˣȻһֱӻ˹ȥ
ߣԽдԽ࣬ҪѪ
ϵĸ£30ң==ǲǿ԰ָĻˣ

д̫ˣдˣһŶ==
3.19

 66 

˵ĺúõŮ, ȴ磡
յ˽Ŀɿڴ, Ĳš˷˵ȥ֮, ˻ع
˼һŹ˷˹Ҳ˷˫۽, ڵ²֪
Ĺܼһ飬æָѾ߰˴, ҴǷ˵ס
ڳ˶Ѿ仯, ҶҲǾȵؿҶ, ð죬ŵ, ǲǸˣ
Ҳͷ
ǰǶ˵ŮѾȥǰЩӣҶô, ǿɶж, ôö˶˵, ֻ, ˲˵˻Ǹˣ
ڳ˭ϵҶ, Ҳֻ֪ǳļǧ, ϳ֮󣬾Ȼ˹Ů
ϸһƣ濴ҶҶмơ˷ֿʱ, վһһƣһҲΪĸŮ
ûҲġҶصѾȥˣǵŮ
ҶԴµġ
Ҷ˵ôŮԼȻҶ˵Ů
Ҳں׷˳ҶҶĸȽŲ㣬һЩ
ġǧȷ
ɡɡҶѾˣҶˣ뵽ܴӸɵ׵
˵ĶģҵŮҶ˽ץţԼһֽˣҪ֪ʲôȫ㡣
Ҷſڣ˵ͷ
˶û뵽ⷬʣһɴ۾ϸȥ˵ĽҲҶ˴Цⳡϯ磬ֺúд˿һ
뿪ʱЩʣɳʱҲ³壬֮ȲҪϢˡ֪ôһϢмֻ˹˷˺ͳˡ
ϯϣֻ˶ڳЦԼȴֻӲͷƤװʲôҲ֪ǿջЦ뿪ʱνĶӡڹ˷ˣѾ߰ᵽʱ˹ѹ˼һձҶ˵شҲ¿֮˸˵ģû˵һǰ뿪ˡ
˼ЩΪҪô뿪ñôǣ
˷ȴؼ˵
˼˱죬û˵ʲôԹԸһˡ
п˶뿪ˣҶ˲Ҷ˺
⾿ô£ҶãȻʣҲǱҵﶪ𣿡
ȻǣôðˣҶ˵Ȳؽǰ˵һ飬ŵ֪֮ұΪѾʱˣҲã˼˻ȥҪȻҲҽطꡣ
Ҷ˵ţۿֺˣҵһؼʱҾӦϳǣҴδйϲһƫƫԽԽϲүңվǰȴûϳ
ٻһЩﻹҪôãڸ֮ǰܽԼŮӻص
ҶæҵҪοҶԼᣬչ¶Цգƣ㿴Цˡ
Ҷš
һҲδʣһǵ֪ԼǺŮһڵ֪ԼҶŮǰһأܣһѹ֮Լһأ˫۾ȴȫŵضһһüͷȫġ
ҶСصǷʲô᣿
ô᣿Ҷĸ̵㲻ҵŮɽϼģҲ֪ͬһ죬ҶŮҲɽϣ˵ôɺϵ飿
ɡ
ûʲôǡҶ˼ᶨصҵŮŲңѵ𣿡
ָǶ
һԵ˵ͷ
˴뱲ӣһӶûͿϷͿ
Ҷ޻˵ˡ
ҶˣֿҶĸҶĸȴƲͷȥܿߡ
عȥҶˡҶ˵ĿһֱϣгΡ촽˶ؽһ

ҶӦ˺üϲʤۿһʪˡϲ£æ˻ȥ

Ů磬֮󶼻಻ͬˡ
Ҷ˵æָȥʰӣȥöԭѾҶ˲ʰ־òҲȥֻԸƽӾźö͹
󣬹ְҶҶĸ˻ȥ
Ҷ豾ҪһδͱҶĸס
ˡҶĸȰؿ͵͹ˣɫ磬㻹Щʱȥɣﻹڼеء
Ҷɫ΢䣺
ԺҲˣҶ˲ˣҶ˿ҪˡҶĸǹǧˣֻǸũ
Ҷʱˣ㲻Ҫˣ
ôǲҪˣҶļңǻؼˡҶĸҶһۣҶɳĬҵŮʮǰˣûԵ֣ʮҲʮŮҲ͹ˡҵ׵׵ֶôãѵ㻹Ҫˣ
Ҷ˵
ȻҪ
ٳǰҶ˻ֶ˵ǵȥӾʰˣ⣬óӸԵĲȡϲҶˣҵ׵Ҷ˵ŮȻˡļңУҶҲļҡ
ѾҶҶĸԼĵˣҲҶҵԼļңֻһ
ҶĸͷҶǺˣȥԺҲ۸ô꣬һúö㡣պҲҪúչԼҶ˲ġǾͰش鷳пգٻǡ
ΪʲôҪȥǺòײŰġ
ķӣܺƤסš
ȻԣҶ輱ҵ׵Ҳҵ
Ҷĸһ㶡
Ҷ费ۣЩѹҾ̰һأҪ𣿡
뿪֮޿ҶҶĸһµļҡûвĵطҲһֱе׼˭֪үЦÿض޷
ˣٻص϶Ҫ۸ǰﻤôأҲֵһˡҶ˵Ǿסڳסլ뿴ǣҲһЩ
Ҷĸֺγ׼ˣ
Ĩһӿڵ˻ȥð죬ŵȥʰһЩ
ҶĿ¶ʧ
ԺסڹˣЩǲҲôȥҶĸʣӣҾ͸ţպססҲ㡣ֻڹסϰˣҪˡ
Ҷ¶ЦôᣬŮôüвá
Ҷ˿ȣ
ƵƵתͷſȥǵصһԸأ
ס֣ġ
Ҳ̫ͻˣҲǸôãûиҲ˸óȻ϶⡣
֮Ҳи顣
ҡ
Ҷ˲ŸſڣͨСˡ
Ҷһϲæȥӭ
ȫ˿ڣҶһ·һ·˶С㡱ɲǴǰġҶҶ˸Уһһ
Ҷǰ£ϰŵĹȻԵĶ
ùźҶȥӣѾʰ˳м趼Ǵӿ֮ⷿóƷҶ˵ʲôģֻܺ˵ˡ
ҶĿɨЩЩ㹻ˡ
סںʱҲҲû㸻ûʡһӣĺöȫѵҶ۹⣬һڼǼֵǡ
ҶȴΨָĲ࣬˵˺þõĻۿЪˣ뿪
صУѾ˺ܾˡ
˵һϵĻ
ò׻˵ľͶһЩһ˵ˡҶ˵ȹգҪٴȥʺò׻ˣܸҪȥ
͵ӦһĿע
㣬ô˵

Ҷ룬ɷµصͷȷЩ㡣

Ƶ
շ̫飬Ҷ˿ɹ˲ʲô飬ϴˣҲ¡;ˣɾܣѹʮϲúһȫðˣǰģŮһЩʲôĻ棬дǰҶദʱĳʱԺ֮УȴҶԽԽ
Ȼֱ壬Ѷѡ
Եɵ۾ͼԼķɫࡣ
˸һ顣ҶصصƺѾˡ
ʱԲ۾˶˹

֮󣬶ŮһϢ㴫ǣȻҲĶ
ϢʱЩܲš
˵ʲôֵصҶǶʮŮ
ܼӦү˵ģϢǴӶģˡ
ҶôǶŮǶҶҲһ³ȫʵ˶૵̫ӵĵӿ󡭡
ʲôˣǻʵ۶øӣΪӣƨʱȴҲ³֮ңڻƨɻʹ
̫ӾȻô󵨣ҶŮ
һվҪһˡ
֪ϢӵȻҲ֪ˡ
Ǵӻʺе֪ϢģʱЩΪԼˡ
ĸ˵ҶǶŮŮ̫أʱȴЩʧ̬ǧȷ
ųϢȻǧȷʺ˵صźأǰǶΪŮѾûˣô꣬򲻸ˣǸҵˡ˵ôôɵ飿ǰҶôϲҶ˭֪ҶﾹȻŮ
ӻӦһ
ףҶʲô
ȴĺܡ
ϾǰãĵضҶ˵ԼްҶ趼˶Ůˣס
ҲҶ裬ֻʱ򣬿ҶҪ֪Լƭ
Ӷٸͷ
صȴѾãֻش˹磬Ҹ˵°ɡ
Ƴһۡ
˵ûУҶǶŮͣһû¶ȣѾ֪Ҳʧ䣬˵Ҷﻹ֪أ֪ˣ᲻һ
Ӻһ
жأҪȢҶȾͬ⡣ôһŮ˭˵һ䲻ãҪƴҪȢҶҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ص˵ˣ
վæַģ磬ģҪһ죬һ岻ݴǣǰ棬Ҵһ£ҡҾ㰤һ£
Ӱ֣ɡ
ҵ飬عˡ
ˣӵȴء
κҶ轻һ¡κͶһ¡
һص˳

ڶգȲϹݷá
ҶĺѣҶ˻ۼάҶ裬Ҳʮֺơ
Ҷ˻б˼ڶ˵ŻʱˣһڣҶȥöˣҶ˲ݼҵĹЩҪ
æ˵˵
ҶʣƽߵĽɷ֪˭
ˣҲ۾ˣ
㲻֪
ҡԥΣصҡͷܣô飬ôҡ
棿
ǰӡ˶٣СһɫҶɫ糣ŽŵлԼʱʲô飬˵ǵˣЩġ
Ҷ˳˼һʣ֪֪ûļҵĹߵý
룬ҡҡͷ
ִ磬֪ӣƽҲǾ֮еˣôĸߵıȽϽأ
Ҷüͷ
ҶһʱۿҶһṫһ顣ҲӣԴǺˣʲô
ԣôһʣҵһ
Ҷ۾һ׷ʣ˭
ҲļҵĹӣ룬Ҳ֪䣬ֻ빫ӡʵʵصҪ˵ݣ˵͡
ͣҶסɫŹ֣ģ
ǰ
֮أ
Ҳ֪ˡֻǸ빫һ棬¥ĲѧڣۻӮ˳誡Ӧѣ費æġҪ˵˵ĻɴδӦûеġ
Ҷ˼ص˵ͷ
ɣҶҲ˶Ҷ˲뿪Сһ档
߳԰Ѿվ˺ܾˡ
ӦҲ´ˡҶЩ˼ݼҵĹ˵ûʲô˵ġ
һҵģʮԡ
·Ǹܵ˵עӣһɫСƭˡ
ҶЦЦؿһۣҲ𴩡ΪԼҲ롣
ݼҹﵹǸңһ轻õˣ͡
üͷ
Ҷ˺棺ôˣ
ǲ֪ǰЩԷǹġҵŮͽйҶϢ˹˵ǿ£ȻöϽˡ
Ͻ
Ҷ˲ţֻͶϽˣôϺͻʺҪô˼黹ˣôƫƫôã
ռˣϴţŶֻͨһͣôЩҶԽԽԾתҪ߻ȥУҵǡ
æסŸջСŵ
Ҷɫ˱䣬ֻҲ̫ż˯Ҳ˯ãռȲ˳
ûʲô˼Ҷصڣ˭Ҳ۸
ߣ̫ӣ˾ס˺Ƥ

 67 

ס֮, ҶҲǰ̫
վÿд, пվҶ˵˵, żȥߵһµĵطһЩշת, ˼ԺҶ, ҲӦ
ǰЩ¶, Ż˵ĺ, ֪Լ׵ˣ뷽跨, Ҷٿ˲٣Ѿɫ糣غ
ƮƮȻϲ, ȴ͵͵ɾذѺö
ҶŸо, ׵ͼٵﵱǲͬġ
ںʱ, ˷˴ٴɫ, ʲôҪ֪ϰԼ, ʵڰ첻, ȥҳ˷ǲġ׵ﲻһ
Ҷüͷ, ǸͷδҶ˱ѾȽΪһпɡˣ͵͵£ȴҶ˵Ҷ趼֪
ԺеѾҶģĻԺֳһ󲿷Ժ棬ҹ˯֮󣬱Ѳ߱ЩҲǶѵĺ֡
صҶʱܵҶҶĸİѾʮ㡣ɵ˹׵й֮޲Ҷ趼̲ס룺ûб͵ߵĻ˵ᱻ齾ݣĿˡ
ڹ˼գ𽥰ҲٿףҪֱҶ˿ڣҲ衣Ҷ˵˼Ż
Ҷʵ̫ˡ
Ǹ빫ӵ飬ŵŮҲҶᣬЩ붨һȴץӷεģôҲ벻ס
ȥϵ򵥣ͷľֻһˣʲô빫ӡ
Ǹ빫Ӿ˭
ҶҶ˵ݼҵĹ֮⣬ЩʱգҲϵĹ㡣ֻȫˡǰ磬Ҷ֪ǹĹˣҲܾˡţǲҲôȥˣ㲻ͬ⡣
Ҷвͬ⣬ȻӦ¡
֮гоۻᣬҶ˱лѾãŮǾӴһĲȥˣְĵɫ˲٣Լɼˡ
Ҳʲôͨ˼ңһسţҶ˾ֱӴҶ˳
ʫʱԳӭҶʾأҶٴţҲʮ顣
һĿ䵽Ҷϡ
Ҷˡ˵˵ϻؼҶʱõҶﾹȻŮһҶĺܣ
Ҷʮã򴽣ֵЦ˳Ҷˣÿ걻䶼мֲ˼ض΢΢𴽣ĸŮı鿴Ŷмơ
ϡ棬˵ǰ֮Ҳһ˭뵽¾Ȼɺϵ飿Ҳǻ첻ˣҶʮУûй
Ŷ˽ȥճ磬˲٣Ҷ߽ȥһ۱㿴ݷߵ
ԶԶسЦЦ۰Ͱ͵ؿȴǲù
Ҷ˵λڳߣҶȻҲǶԱߡ
֮󣬳ŵ֪ҪҾͲ˼ҵˡ
չ˷˺͹˼Ҳˣ̸Цһ˽ɫʱӲ˲١
ҶЦңĿɲҡ
Ҷ̧۳˼ȥԶԶģ߽ӣ˼Ǳñܿߡ
Ҳ롣
ŵÿɲ
һڳУ˼ʫû˻ǡ˵ϣȥ˴Ҳ
Ҷջߣ˼ȴ롣
ҶһڳЦԼ
뵽ҶһȻͳ˶ʧ˶ŮأҶ費ũ֮ŮΪҶݣڹţȴũгԿͷ
˼ôҲ벻ס
ٲԸţɹҲƭˡ
Ҷ裬ҶʢװϴƷͷϵӣǶһź챦ʯͨ͸ѪҶݽޣǺÿһӻϱӣ֮ǰҶҹŮеĶ֮ҶΪ誵ķˣҷ֮ҲٮٮߣԶԶΣĽֻ߲ʡ
ֱ֪ԼǳŮ
˼һܿ
Ҷһʤڳʤһ誡
˹ǧΣ調ɻδǳδܼ޸誣Ҷַ֦ͷˣҵȳ誸õķ
ǰ޺󿴵ĿɾǷˣ
ߣ̫ӣҡˣҲ˵
*
һСһ϶һ㡣

 68 

ϯûʲôر, ֻǳһʱͻ, µ, ʫˣҲû̫ˡ
Ҷ˵ҲЩֻҶһ, ˶סҶԼŮ, Ҳ޲˶һԼŮ
û˵, ϻڸʱ, ֪Ҷһдյʫջδȥ, Ҷɷдʲôµˣ
Ҷ˳дģ㶼͵ȥˡ
һ㶣̶Цǣ, 㻹ΪҵдءҶڿ, һ, ô, Ҷдֺֿá
ԭȣ˹, ټһ, ҲԼŮдáǰգŸոյµĸ壬ǰ, Ҷġ
еʵҪǷһЩմڼд£ǲǻ㣿˵һպҲشˡ
᲻˵ˡǰ֮ˣҪȻҲֱӿһҶºʫдãһ뵽պ󿴲ˣе᲻ء
ҶЦЩǰãƽҲ¡
ŷġ
ֶҶ˵ҲãòһŮȻҶѧڵǰϲ£ƽڼУȻ˵ĸ࣬㡣
Ҳû˵ҶһضԺѵֻҹиждһСʫҵһ۾Ϳˡ
ʲôСʫ
ǲǸĸ壬ǵǿġ

˵ͣȴ޿κΣֻŭصһۡҶһŮ˶ǻһ㣬ǰӰ˵ʱҲС´Ĵ֮䶼˲١
ҶɵһԣһģҶݼҵĹҲأһȥɡ԰вپ£Ҳؾһ
ҶӦһԶԶؿһۣ׹İʾҲԱȥ
Ƕ˵ӰʧǰҶ˲ջߡ
Գ˵ԺҲžӲһˡ
ҲǶи̾Ҳ֪飬ٵ֪֮ԶԶؿ˹˷һۣ˵ҹ˼ҵ飬ô˵
ʲô˵ģҶ˵ȷǱʮ겻٣ǼҵŮһ̱Ǹϳ˼ţʮҲϣܲܣҺòһˣǻҪɣ
˵˼ҾҶòã⻹Ҫ˵
ġҶ뿪֮󣬹˼ҶҶԣ²÷Ҷʱֻдӣ˲·˻·к
Ҫ˺ãҲ̰˸ϳȥˡ
ıģҪҶԼϣǼŮҲʮ꣬뿪뿪ˣҲЩǮ˹ʲôӡ
˵ͶԳ޶΢ʡ
Ҳ˵˼ҡѣˣҵĹﻹڹ˼ʱԭлԼġ
ֻǻԼˡ
˵ҲЩصֻǰźӣҲڱ󸹷̼䡣
ֿˣճҲˣ˷һС˵ʲôԼ飬ЩҲ֪飬誵ȷǾ֮ʮֳɫģ˵ԼǴС£Ҳ֪ҹоô롣
ҶЦǻ˻Լȣˣôѵ
ҵĹǶ飬˵ģѣ˺õģĸ벻ۡ
ãҵôáҶ˵ǻԼô£ҲǳȷˣҲǳˣѧٳڣΪûеҲῴϡ⾩ҲûļҵĹõģɲʲ
Ҷ˵ʮԵá
ĵӸǰسλȨأŮãУŮûаȱ㣬ǻԼڣǳ誸ˣ
ȤôҶҲ˸˵׵ͣûһ誣պҲˣܸҪ޵ġ
Ҷɫһ
Ǹ빫ӡ
ҶֶӣӦϿɷһ룿
룿ãȻ˵
ˡ
ҡͷôҪȥġ
Ҷ벻ˡ
ôȻ
ҶС˵ƺһˣ룬ϻػǸṫӡ
˵ɡ
Ҷ˵ܣô

ſڣҪΪֶ˵û룬ȴҲͬУ˵ͷ
ǵУΪβֱʣ˵ˣܲ㡣
ֻ˸ƭˡҶ̾Ҳǲ֪ᣬڹУ֪ն˹ƭмܵס
Ҳˡ
ƣǰ֪ĸŮʱͰҲ٣ӲʲôرҪƴǡ˹ݺģƭĸ飬õ˵ȥҶ˵ҲȥҲû˭˵Ǹˣαݣǲǣ
Ҳֱ壬ɫ˵е
οҲôͳˡŸջصߣҲûúôãҪǼ޳ȥˣҲּˣҪ˵ܵҪһЩʱյġҶҧгݣҪޣҲúúðѹѡɲʲô빫ŹӵģͰ˸ƭˡ
ͬУŵ˵ͷ
һߡ
Ҷڻ԰Ҳ𣺡裬㷽ſûУ˼ųء
ˡ
ҿ˿ˣ͵͵ҧ䣺˵˻᲻ڣ
ʲô
ȻǻԼѽҰĻԼ˱ˣеǳȨƣ˶ŮҲûѽһǺڵĳӶˡ
Ҷ赭Ӧһ
Լ֮£ԼͿˣ˻ʵеؾôġ
ֵǳ誵ȷǾʮֳɫˣ֮УҲû˭ȳ誸ˡ
죬־Щġ
˵ȴҶʶһˡ
¥һӮ˳誡
Ҷ费ҲҪˡ
㲻Ҳˡ룬ʣ빫أ
ҶʶһĿȥ־ԼǷӦˣæʣ빫ôˣ
빫ҲûôֻϻأҴ

ѽ˵ΪʲôˣǲҪ˵װҸ빫ӵ飬빫Ҳˡ˵빫ҲӮ˳誣ƽǲԣǳҲһЩֻͣȻѣҲƽʲôˡ
Ҷɻ󣺡ΪҪҡҵˣ
֪ѽˣҲʵ˵ˣҲûʲô˵ģӦֻǹɡԹԵ̾ҶһҪһررˣһù˼⡣
ҶĲɵӦһ
ɢ경صҶʱҶ볤˵Ļ⡣
Ҷ̲ס࿴ҶۣҶתͷôˣ
ûʲôҶ˵ֻҿ¸еľɫʵںÿҲȥ
ˡҶݸͿٻˣ»شȥ֮⻹ÿĵط
ˣһۡ˵һŵģ
ʵҶﶼˣǲҲÿ˵׵ˣ
Ҷ˻Ȼתͷ
˵ҶҲ˺ʵͣѡӦ˵һûУҲһ
Ҷ˵ʲôҶ˱æ˵ôȻ
תͷҶ˵²żﶼģһҪҸģ
ҶſڣŽӿڵĻ˻ȥ
⣬Ҷ˽Ҷ̣æȥˡڵǰ̸
ֻԳ˶ģҹ֣Ҳأ뷽Ҷ˵̬ȽȻ෴̸϶˲תͷ㿴ҶҶ裬˻ԭС˵Ļתͷǣûŵķʡ
Ƕа룺볤һ
䣬ĸж⣿ǵԺգʥ裬붨һȣ㲻ʲô
Ա߿˹˼һۣ˼ڹ˷ߣֺõ볤˵Żԭ˼ҲǰٰãٿȲҶˣȴĶ̫á
һߡ
ҶҶˣǲ֪빫˭
Ҷһ侲ˮһڣ˵빫ӣѣݼҵĹ˵ˡôˣ
ߣ̫ӣҾһһ

 69 

Ҷԭδ㽫빫ӵ, û뵽Ҷ˻ȥЩ
Ҷ, ȴ, ҪԲûȥ˴֪ӺһˡҶ˵ЩӲźһЩҶ̫, ˼ǹأҲ
˵, Ҳǰͬˡ
׵һһ, Ҳ̲ס
Ҷ, ͷʼ˵˹빫ӵ顣
ĻŸ˸ͷ˵빫һ, Ҷ˱̲סˣ
˵ģҲ֤ҶԳͣҾ͵ˡ
Ҷüͷ壬ȴͬ
˵˵ȥ, 
ΪҪ򣿡Ҷ˵Ե޹ʵ, Ҳʶ, ΪҪ㣿 
Ҳ֪Ҷɵص빫˵, д˵ҪΪ˻ϴǰĶ顣
Ҷ˵üͷԾδչ
ʲô
ЩĻûƭ, ȻǵҪ, αҪݣòᱨűţպ˵黹̫ˣвҪɣ

ƽͲѧ, ƵأõģҲǾ֮е竡ҶƫǾ֮ЩſҲ㶼мáģʲô˼ң
ҶнǼ競ɫء
˵
Ҷ˵ʫ磬˵ʫһ£˵լӡ
ӰæҲر˵ҪҲδȡʲôΨһȡģҲֻҶ¡
Ҷ迴빫ٲȷǸˣ١
䵽Ҷ˶ǾǰҲûС
Ҷ˵˵ʫæɳʫ磬һʲô˼Ѿͷ͵ʫҲԼ֮¶˵ʫһ£ǳģ£ҲǳԼ⣬ʲôϵĻ˵ĺȴҲûм˵լӣպҪ˵Ǿûˣ
ҶĳصǧҪ˻ƭˣ仹вٻ˵ġ
Ҷһһ㶵ġ
ɵص빫Ҳˡ
ΪβҶ˵ֻ˵£ǹ˼ҳ֮УڳԵҲָˣѵ¹˼ұǲ£ù˼Ҽɵм
ʵ̫ˡ
һҲָǸڻʹ֮С
ڿ˵Լ룬ҲѲ»ػҪ˵Լ̫ˣ
Ц
˭֪̫ӲŮɫôʺΪ̫ӵĻ³˶ٻأ̫ӻԼһ
ҶնصһǱƭˣ
Ҷſڣһʱ˵Ļ
˵Լֱ
˵˵ˣҶ˻Ҫӵġ
ֻʱʲôҲûУ빫Ӽǻ˼ҲĨǵƭطô˼
ҶȴܣҶ裬ϸǵã»㣬˵֪˭Ȼ׷Ź
Ҷ˵ͷȴ룺빫»ʱһú

Ӳȥ
֪ϻŮ֮Ҳûš
ҪȥҶһûνͣҶһֱڶûгܲԵˡһϣϵڡ
ƽﴦм䶼ͣأ̲סôҶ͡ÿԼ³ǱŭĶҹ
⣬ǵ£Ҳ¡ҪԼŮʵۿɲһỤ˵Ҫֽкá
ϾЩ飬Լ˵顣
ӻعͷһֽ϶һī㣬æëʡ
ʷ£ȴص̾һ
ȥ˶
ʺ޹̫ͨˣæеĶ¡
̫ôˣ
ĸ󡣡һࣺҪĸ󡣡
£
Ƕ˴£ԭ£
ʺһ㶣̫ô鶼ף̫ϵĽʱ飬ʱЦ˳Ϲ
ǡ
ʲô飬˼ҹˣʺЦеص̫ƽأӦִǡҼЩӶûǲȥˣ
Ӧǡ
Ϲˣж
ҡͷ֪
ʺ;ϡˣ֪;ˣȥ
֪Ժ󣬶ȻӺĸ󲻱ôֻ࣬Ҫңԭ¾ˡ
ʺΣŭؿ˶һۣ˵£úõǸֻҪ㹻ʵ⣬Ȼԭ㡣˵ʲô£
ʺʵ̫ˡ
̫СأͰŻʵ۴£ÿһ֮⣬δĹû뵽гһվȻ̫ܰ׷һıߡ
Ҫ֪ҵˡ
ʲô˵ģʺƣ綼Ҫ֪ġ
̫ˡӵ̫ˡ
δ׼
֮УҪҶʵݣɲڣҪҶϲ˻֮ͨܽԼʵ˵ʱҶ϶ҲԼĲѧھ֮һϯ֮أҲԹİ˴Ҳ»ʵۻʺҶ΢ԡ
ƫƫһ⡣
Ҷ˶Ů
ǹˣʵۻʺһܾҶ軹δϲҶеǵ»ûƭռءã˴ţֻҪҶ軹ûϲһоͶǲ⣬ͼı졣
ʧ֮أ˴ȻͦñֱɻʺȴǿĿơ
ʺǾôˣӦǣϵԽãŻԽ
ĸ㲻˵ᱻܵġ
ʺ󣺡
ǰô֪̫¾Ȼôηηţ
ߣʺ㲻ҳ𣿣

 70 

, Խͳ˸
͵ǶĸŮ, ȴûߵЩ, ۿųֿʱᣬý, ֻǶ˶ء
˼ߵ, Ҳ, ۿŶʻԶ, ջԼߡ
˼ҵͣԱߣ˼, ǵصĸ
˺ɫҿʱ磬ɷҪһȥ⼸նڼУǶҲδ, Ǹúú˵˵
˼һ, ҪӦ, Լϻؼʱֻٴɫ, ų誵˵Ҷ費ã˵Ҷũ, Ҳûа취ϳҡʱѾʮֲ, Ҷ˹֮Ůֻ֪γԼ
˼˻ȥóӺúɣǾҪ, Ҫ
Ҫ޸誵ˣҲһʱ޸֮ٺúֳ誵ϲҲ١
һ룬˼ڼеţҲҪȥ飬һЩԺټʱҲӶ˵˵
涮¡˿һ󲻾𣺡Ҫ˵ҲóǶ˻ԼˣҲнʲôǲദܺõƽջڼʱľǶѧʣδҲû
˼һ㶡
ֹ֪һǻҶ衣
˸𣬷ʱҲ¶ų誣һ·ص˷һ˼ҡ
˵ǰ㣬ŷѾˣܳȥμᣬ˼ûţҵ飬æʿʼ顣մ˺üҪݶв١ŷ˼״ɫŻһЩһߣ߿߼ල
˼ȴĲɣֻǳ飬˺üֽͿͿĨĨɷѿ
ŷ˼ˣüͷֻ㳭ҲԸ
˼ëһʼ⻹δɺԵīֽϻһʣһ½ճõݻˡ
صҵҶˣǱ߿ûȥͲºһЩҲҶұȽϣ
ŷɫһҲδҶֻⳭ̬ȾǲԣȻǲѧֺα̡
ϲ˵һġ˼ŭصΪҲ֪ҪҶжãҪҺѧѧҲУôȲҶġ
ŷü˵Ҷȷ㣬֮ѧϰкβԣ
㡭˼ؽǰƿվҲ˵ˡ
ŷ˶Ѿ˳ȥ
˼ȥ˹˷ˡ
˷ЪϢձǸ߸ȥ磬û뵽ȻּĸŮٶĺҲûˡ
˵ᣬӹԺϵݺˣµĳʳҲûˣ̶̼վһȦȫá
ֻҪһ뵽ԼҶŮʳس󣬹˷˱ҲԲã˯Ҳ˯ãôò
ƾʲôƾʲôأ
үʵǲۣƫƫֲƽ飡ƽ˾ҶˣͲҶ˵Ůˣ˭֪Ҷ˵Ůˣ
ò׼չȥͷĻһЩ߸˳Ÿ磬ű㿴ĸŮ̬Ⱥмӣ˵Ļһðˣ
ǰҶѹһͷ˳ޣ޸˳Ҷ˼޸˸ĸ˫ĶûüãȻһ·ӳ購ֱҶѹȥˣ
ҲЩ˷ϵݺüնûã۵׶һȦڡ
ͨ˼˵ʱ򣬹˷˻Щ⶯
˼ʱ㲻ǸŶŷ˶ȥˣˣ
ҲҪˡ˼˵صһһɣһҲá
ŷģôã˷˵ͷûбȶŷ˸õˡ
Ʋҡ˼˵ǵǶŷˣܾã˶Ʋ
Ҷϻ˹֮
ҶȣȲòȲȲѧҶǰ̧ͷҲֻһδܱҶֺãҲδۻҶ衣
˷ֱӣϧͷҶǺĹ˭Ʋ㣿
˼죺ӡ
ô۸ˣ
Ҷ᲻ӣ˼ŻŵصҲ֪ԭлԼԼҴġôãô˵ҪͲҪˣйˣ᲻Ҫѳȥ
Ҳڹ·뵽ġ
ҡңҲǲ֪ҴǰÿȥҳӣҪҶ裬˵ҪлᣬҪǵĻԼȥҶģ˼ǵܻţжҪҶҪʲôҡ
ȲҶˣ
˷ţЩҪΪ¸ͬܵҶôôɶǰҲǣҲǣ㴦ҪΪί
ǰҶ裬ǺҶռԼŮλãŮʮĿࡣҶ裬ȴǺݼڣ˭ҶҶ˵Ů
ٿ˼˼Ҷ裬뵱Ҷ˶񰡣
ŮҲɴҪҶѹһͷһʱֻüҶ衣Ƕ˵ҶĲѧγڣдöãȴŮʫҲʮǰŮʫھ֮Ҳ׷
ǣŮϲĹӣҲֻҶ裡
˷˱Ź˼Ҷܿˡ
˵˵ҪҶҪ룬Ҹôѽ˼żôϲָȥˣҪӶģҡҡ
ΨһܱȵùҶĶûˣ
˷æ˵Ҷ£ǻԼڣҲ
ǹأǺȵùѽ˼ֹҪǡҪǳȻˣҪΪҶ˻飬ҿɲͶˡ
⻰ִ˹˷˵ĴſڣֻϵݺȻ˷˼ѵؽзļ£ֻҪóûھˡ
˼۾һĺð취
˷˸ߣ˵˼䡣
˼ţɫһ±óɣ⡭ⲻ̫ðɣ
ȻҪ޸ģʲôµģ¡˷˹ضˮһڣ˵˵ЩʣɳҲĵؽ˵ˣҪڶɡҶҪʲôҲܴӦ
˼ţЩĶ
˵ԭ誵Ļڶڰ£䵣ţô˰ѻǰѾ޸˳誣ҲͲصĸࡣ˷˵ȻҪҶҪֱ֣ûжֵĻᡣ
˼ȻĶˡ
Щԥɹ˷侲̬ȣҲ侲
ǰ
ѵ˰˵ȥ
޸˳誣ҪҶ
պᲽҲŷ⣬ǣҶٸߣҵȳ誸õˣպֻҶĽķݡ
˼ʣҸô
˷ģһ
ߣ׽

 71 

һص, ûüʽ˳ô, ȱҶ˹ȥ
ҶɫأǸ빫ӵˡ
, Ҳô˵
Ҷ˱㽫ҶЩһ飬ҹûǸ빫, žͲǸˣǱƭˡϧûҵǸ빫ӵ, ֻܵ»
صͷ, ɫҲʮѿ
˭֪ԼŮҰСӸƭ, Ҳ˲ҶҲͬ뷨ŮŸջؼû, ҪޣҲҪڼжȽ꣬޵ѡҲþϸѡ, ŮȻõĹӡ
ȥ顣
Ҷ˵ͷ, ֵҴ˳, , һˣҲʺ
á
Ҷ˻ȥҶһ˵, ˼, ȥˡ
ȥ·ϣҶ˶Ҷʺƣ˹Ҳ, ˵ʲôӦžǣ㶪Ժ󣬻ʺҲĺܣʹȥģֻ°ŵϵ˽ա
Ҷ˵ͷ
ʺҲֻҼ棬֪ʺ顣ֻǹ˷ʺĹϵûҶ׽ڹ֮ϣҲֻйҶʱʱȥ
Ҳؾʺڹ֮ʱѣݼҵĹһҶЦ㲻ذʺֻҵ˾ˡ

˵ţȻͣ
Ҷתͷʣôˣ
ˣҲһ
ƿˡ
ǡ
ҶתͷҶ趣
֮УС˻ͷ˵һ䣺үǶ
۾һ̧ͷĿַɿȥ˿
ǣү
ҵ˵һԣŹȥ֮˳ԶȥʵʵģʲôҲҲ֪ŵ˭
ֱʲôҲƲˣ̾һջԼ֡
߰ɡ
ҵʻųķȥˡ
ǹ˼ȥͣǲԸȥɳ˴ŻԼҪЮŲòӦ¡
ֻһ뵽ȻҪ˼зʤ
Щʱգ밲Ķ飬ɳÿնҪ߶Ҷ£ķң޷Ķ顣ǣлмֿЦ
ǳҿкȨƣŽҶĻԼ˹˼ϣҶ豻һȥǾȣҲֻܸ̾컯Ūˣɳȴвƽڼʱ治˵Ļ㶼˵ˣǻԼûֻҪһʱǳұףһصأԽź誵ľԽ䡣
Ȼڣֺαǰ飿
ּʱҶ֮еҲȥˡ
̾һ鱾һֱ˳
˼͵ˣһͨȲ˳ȥ
ӡ˼ǰһסĸ첲ɳ誵ĶһЩԱһܿĶ˼ҧҧ뵽飬ֱȸԾ
˼ӵصѵÿңʵǸˡ
䵭ؿһ̧ۣ߽˺š

˻ʹſͣ£ɺϵǣɻһͣš
մ̧۾ͿҶˣ۾һ̱ȥһкҶˣҲĸ󣿡
Ҷ˼ɫؼ֣һֻۣС˸ţ΢΢׵ͷ
ⲻ𣿱ҲҪĸ밲ҶһĻе飺ձصظĸҶ飬ҶдʵǺãһ̾ˡ
ȻҪǸ̫ӴģҪ飬Ҫ˰˵˼ҵŮ¿϶ˡ
˭֪Ҷ˵ɫȴȷŻҪ˲٣䵭صˡ
ûȤܿ˸ɽ˹
߽ţȻʲôͷȥһˡ
ȻûҶ˴һģҶﻹ˭
Դһת̼سŶ˹ȥ
̫ڴ󣬹𣺡磬Ҷ˵ûУ
ӷ飬ʱһð죬ӦûС
Ϊλ˵ʣҶﶼǶŮˣ綼Ҫ֪ġѵҶҶôõˣ϶
ӵͷȥš
˵ҲΪˣֵֻҷżҶ˽ĸˣ磬ҪҪҲȥ
ҼҶʲô
ǵȻǴˡɷµصҶҶҪȢҶ̫ҲֺҶˣҶһˣպҶ޸ʱҲҴˡ
⻰ֱ˵̫ӵĿ
ϡؿ˵ܵһۣ㾹ȻҲЩ
ȻΪҶ˶æ˶ٿࡣظ˵ԴǣҿһĶ㣬ͲҶȢأ
˵Ҫȥĸˣ磬һȥ
룬õܷܵ˵ǷʮеŵͷӦ£վ
͵ЦŬסˣҲûֳ
ҶպҶһȥʺˣȻ̫һҶﲻ̷ˣ
ֻһ뵽ֳ뵽̫ӻηӦһʮ־ʣЩѹֲסеȸԾһ»ᱻ̫ӿʲô
ϲϷ
ʺС
ʺһҶ裬Ҳ˼ۣͷŮʵ񡣡
Ҷ˵⣺ǵȻҵŮҵȻ񡣡
Ҷ򴽵ͷЩ˼
ʺֿҶһò䵽Ĳѧʺǰ͹飬ҿдʮֳɫǰ˵㲻٣ȴû뵽ǶĸŮһģӿ̳ģʱھ֮ҲǳĴŮĲѧҲ
Ҷ䲻߳󣬿ȴʮġ
ҶͷЩ˼ˡ
ǹ˵ģĻʺЦ
ǰŸ̤ţ˵ЦֹлʺҶˣһʮֶҶ衣
ʱһʶͣ˽Ųߣ˱Ѿͨһ̫ӵˡ
ӣ
ٶֻ֪˵磬ôȥ
ӻͷݺݵһ̧ۣ˽ȥÿһߵʮֳأǿհһƬѵתţŵȻӦ֮ߡ
룺أ
ɵߵ棬ۿҶ裬һĲصˤ˵ϣо֪ԥĿܡ
ҶҲ
˴̫ˣ̧ܿͷƳ߱һƲˡ
˴̫ӳǧȷٵĿܣƫƫƫƫ˵òʮ졣
Ҷ۾ʶԼ֣ûԼʧ̬ɼˣԴҲµģҲʮּѣ۶Ǹ߽ˡ
Ҷ費ŵصͺ빫ӣ
ܵͣҶ˾ߣ̾ˡҶ˾ֱ塣
˭
ĸ빫ӣ
ߣȣȵһҲ

 72 

뵽, Լݻᱩ¶졣
Ҷ̹׵ַʽ, ȴû뵽, Ȼ⧲ҶҶ֪ǰǵҶû׼ҲûС
ֻܽӲضԻʺ񣬶һ, ˫ַϥϣͦñֱ, 濴, ƾмҪѵ顣
Ȼ, Ҳǵ顣
ȥҶ裬ֻĿбӵؿŻʺ, ΨĿ֮йһ޴ͻңʺ׽ˡ
ʺԭȻûвʲôԣƫƫԼ˽ĺܣ̫һʲôԾ, ̾ͷˡʺ󲻶ɫؿһ, ֿ̫һ
ȻҲ֪ʲô, Źֵĺ, ڱʲôЦŬά, Ψ߲ͣ
ʺһͻ, ˳߿ȥúÿҶ衣
ҶѾͷʺʲôҲûп, ֻҶǰĶչȥСʣʲô빫ӣ
ҶҲѾˡ
˼̫ݣҲҶ࿴ɷֻһۣ̫ӵòӡļԱ߻һϵõչӣֵƣָʹ£˶ǰˣҲ֮
Ѳ»һģһˣҶʶ룿
Ҷ಻ţʵͰǰ͵͵һԼʹе֪ⲢΡ
빫ӾȻ̫ӣ
빫ô̫ӣ
빫ӳû뵽Ȼ̶ֳȣ
ҶһʣҶʶص빫ӡ
ҶĿ棬Ķ˿ȥһҶӦİһ̫ӣ
ǸƭĳˣȻ̫ӣ
Ҷ˵𽥱ؿ̫һۣϸһҪһȷֻ̫󱳵ʮϵǰҲڵչӣУ̫Ҳɷܡ
ֻΨһ벻׵ǣ̫ӺαҪĨǵڲݣ͵͵ӽ˵ˣ̫ӲŮɫûʺ𣿣
ҲҪ
̫ӲŮɫǼ٣ΪԵݣֻҪҶ裬ҶУﲻˡ
Ƥ߽̫࣬ӡ
̫ôпУһˣʺ󲻶ɫؿڣҲˣҶ˸պýŮŸһ̫ӴǰӦҲδǵû£ǶѾϵˣĻᵽղͷһؼ档
ʺ˵ŻЩп
Ҷ˹𴽽ǣҲǶûԵ֡
ӣ
ôûԵأ
Եֱģϡ
ҲĴܾҶָһҲ֪ԼںʱҶˡ
ǰѾҶˡųҶ迴ȥҶ̧ͷֱֱ֮СԵɺϣҶ档
ҶûֻĬĿѯ
Եɺϣ棿
ѵĳλ빫ˣԼǼصѰˣǼγǰ
ԳҪ
Ҷɲ֪Լʱʩ˶̫ӵ£˼ҾôΪǵڣ
ãǰڹУڳûпʡ
Ҷȴװݵģ򴽣Ҳ̫Ӽ档
ʺʣڹϣ
ǣڹ⡣
ƤȻһ˲̫õԤС
ֻҶ˵һʱü̫ӵ£̫ӵ´ųӦǳ΢˽ãҾûеϳҲǽռˣյ顣
Ļ£㷢һ춯صĿּæסȻֹһֻ˶סʺĴ죬ʱ˵ע˹ȥæյסԼǣ˵˵Ҳ˵
ӣ
ļڣܿҶ˵һա
ֻһգþûҶ裬Ͳס˹ҶҶһţҲ˵ҲһգҶߣôߵشҶһҪʱ˵ģ
˵ԼҶδй
ӲתͷҲΪˣؿҶ仯ȻҶҲһգЦЦؿǳ
ҶһԻ

ձâڱ
֮У鱾
Ŷڹ⣿ʺζؿ̫һۡ
֪̫ЩܣΪǸ֪Ϲ
»ôɵ飿
Ҷѵóһţͼݵ̫ӣ̫ٳƫƫҶҵĹ˺ü棿
ԼĶӣҲֻܻš
˿̫ҶҲвԵ֡Ҫ˵ʶҲ÷ʺҶ˵Ҷﻹ̫ӻȥտʼ˵˸Ů̫ӺǸˣ˵ԼһãֻϧҲû档Ҷﶼˡ
ãۡҶ˸ЦѾһˣ̫ãˣɽǶڣ˽վͽΪãҲһ׮¡
ӣ
һûסַһ춯صز˿æյһ
ҶҶ˵½ǣСѣ
ʺΣԹؿ̫һۣ֪̫ʲô¾ȻҶˡʺҶ˵˶ѾˣԼ⣬Ӧǵǡ
Ҷű˿ڡ
ӳһ亹
Ҷ˶ţҪҶҲҪڰʾҶ˲˻ȥֻ۰ͰͿŸżҲҲҶ˵Ļ
ʱˣҶҲҶǣ§Ůĸ첲ŮһͱĴβǵˡ
ȶ˳˻ʺ޹ҲҴվĸһ£ˡ
ʺſڸ˽ס̫ӵĶɿ죬˳ȥֻܱͣԹصһ̱ϣЦȫޡ
ô£ʺʣ̫ҶԭȾϵãҶǲ̫ӵǸˣ
ЦЦһ䣺ĸ̫ӷŵӣǲرЦ
ʺһ룬ˡ
ⶼˣ̫Ӷ֮Ǻþû̫ҵģ
ʺЦ龫ԭ⣿ҲˣҲ̫֪˻ͷѵ㣿
벻⣬ʲôҲͷһر̫ӽѵˣҲǱѺŶ顣˵ˣǰиҪ飬Ҷѵأ
ߣ죡

 73 

Ҷ軹δ߳, ͱ׷ˡ
Ҷ, 㽫Ҷ赲, ɫ䵭ʣ̫ӵкҪ£
ӿЦҶ裬ҶȴͷܿĿ, ֻܵ¿ɷҶ˵仰
СŮ¿ɲδʲô˵ġҶѣ̫ӵ¿ɵ֪Ǵ֮ͥ£ǵñӡ
ֻ˵, ͺá, 粽ãΪβҶ˼أ
ҶЩʧȥ
ûǸ빫ʲô˼, ̫ӾȻûˣ
̫ӣݺƭҹ, Ҳöˣ
Ҷ˸˵ʲôо½Ǳקק˶٣ͷȥ
Ҷص, Ҳ̫ӵҪ˵ʲô
Ҷһҭ, ȴûͱ, ֻܲĵزȥ˲δԶ, ʹôֻվڲԶ, Ҷ۱Ŀǵһһ, ֻǸһξ룬͹Ҳģ塣
ӳصҶ
ҶףǸóƺΪ̫ӵ£빫ӣ
ӵ, ̴Բ𡣡
ºδ֮أҶ˵°ô࣬Ҳδ£ҪҵǸֻǰݣδ֪̫ӵҲӦСĽҲĴ
Ļ˵ĺ̨£ΨŹ֣䲢δŭ⣬ȴѹֵķ޷ޡ
ҵĴͷҲ㣬ƭƭȡ
Ҷɷµص˵ͷʣ֪Ůʱµæʱȹʲôֵõ̫ӵŴαȴر

һ׮׮ƭ˻١
һسҶǰʱԳͣѾǿʼƭҶ衣޷˵͵Ļ
ܲܺҶ˵Ϊǰϲ㣬Խص뷽跨׷㣿
֮ǰҶ貢δ棬鼱֮£һĽڶҲ
аաӱΪ𣬾ʹδ޴飬ľȺԣҲսȺһһȰҶƮƮ仰ȴʵƿԡͷһ֪ԼĿྐྵȻ˱׾
ſڣֻظһ飺Բ𡣡
δ֮أ
ȻһʼݣһУȫǳġӳϿҵصһգգؿҶ裬ƿҲĿԼеϣ㣬˵ĻҲ䶼ǳұ⣬ȥ֮⣬Ҳƭ֮мģǱҡ㲻ؽҵ̫ӣֻҿ빫Ӿǡ
Ҷҡҡͷѣ̫ӣ빫Ҳڡ빫Ǽٵģ̫ȴġ˼ȴżٵģ𣿡
һʱ޻
ʵԼҲ
һʼ̫ݳҶǰҶҲнյꡣ빫ӵùĶ飬˲ֱ׳ظҶȴᱻܾ̫Ӳ̫ͬӼȲϵҶ裬̫ӵһк⣬ҶҲ¡
Ҷ˿룬˺ôҶһ¶ǰ
ˣǰŻηηţⳡ棬֤ԥ
ֻ˵һԲ𡣡
¼ȻûΪҪǸأ
ӱʵЩмܲס
ҶŭʣҲˣƫƫҶȻǰƽƽģԽǱֵĲ⣬ӲԽš
󣺡ֻǲ֪ȥ㡣̫ݳ棬㶨ȻԸӽҡ㱻˳ȥҼҴѰ㣬ȻعʱѾվǰʱ֪Ǻã鼱֮£˺Ϳ¡
Ҷ農ؿ
˵ٶҲǴƭȣ˵ٶҲǽƱ硣Ӷ˶٣ƹˤø㣬ֻ᲻ҡ
ŮҲȡ֮ˡ
ǣ㲻ȡֻ֣ڱܿҲҡ
Ҷ룬̫Ӷʮ˽⣬Ҳȷ
ǽûܳסȻȥ֮ᰲַԼĹǧ̫ӲҲȥѰʱһҲȻȻ¡
Щȷǳҵ˽ġ̹Ȼ˽Ҳԭ£ֻ뷽跨빫Ǽٵģġֻʶңҹ̫ǹǧҲ㡭
Ӻһ١
һʲôҶɷǵãǰӦң
ʲô
ҶŵһɷӦˣ
ҶĿ࣬û뵽˺޳ܵ¡ѵĳЩˣǸλƭȥģ
û뵽ĳЩ˵ĺ޳ܱ֮еĸҪһЩֻҪҶӦң֮󣬻ҶʱҶﲻҽڱܿ
⡭
Ӧ֣ҲҶԸ֮ڡӶ˶٣įҶӽҲԭңҲԸټһ档

Ҷƿԡ
ʵ벻ףö˶˵ģΪֱĲˣ
ҶЩЦƽ빫ҲΪ빫Ҳˡ
⻰̫ӵµ׿˵ģˡ
ɶĺ޳̶ܳȱĻиӸӲҪֻĳ̹ȻҶҲҪһҲǲɣ֮ãҶֻܿھǡ

Ҷؿһۣ޻˵
ֻܵȻȣҲϽĳ̶ȡ
ڹ¶ȡŵĻ٣̫ӵʱ١
㹻ˡ
֪᲻Լӱ㳤һ׷ġ
ҶԳУȻҶ
ҶƵƵ߿£Ҳˡ
뿪ǰҶ̲סʣΪҪأ
ӺȻĬ
ҶãҲûеȵĴ𰸣ҶΪ˵ɣʧҪת뿪ʱȻҶ಻һ飿
ıʮ棬ȴǾԼɲɿһ㣬ɳҿ
Ҷס
촽˶ſֺϣƺʲô˵Ǳˡ
ҴҵתصҶߡ
Ҷæסû°ɣ
Ҷ侲Ӧû£ǻؼҰɡ
ͦñֱֻвеһ½ǣ޼ԲָЩҪϺõĽ˿
Ҷ˶Ķ⣬ҡҡͷ
̫ʵǻˣŮƽͣ˶ŭ˵ĶԻҲû壬ԼҶʡƽɽȴ̫ö䶼ˡ
ߣ죡ˣ
̫ӣ𼱣һ㡣


 74 

ӻȥʱ, ڻʺû뿪
, ˶ϡ档
ʺڣ׷Ҷˣ
ӵ˵ͷ, صԭλϡһɣҲܿȻһý
̾һֻϧԼΪûۿҪ˵, ҪҶԭ£̫һ˵˺û, ⱲҲû̫Ӷ˭Ĺ, ǳһÿĺܡ
ʺеʣҶϹ
ǡ
ʺ˴, ׿Ӧ£Ҳ̲סҶȷǸõ, ھ֮ҲٮٮߣǶŮԭȻĻ£ԭ۹̫ߣˡ
ʺҲ֪Щˡ
Ҷ軹ڹ˼ʱ, Ͷ, ȻҶ赱̫ѡ, ˼ǧ, Ҳ̾۹ã˶¡֪, ˳̫ӵ, ǧҲ˹ǧ
ʺ󲻽̾Ҷﵱûб͵ߣǶ÷һ𳤴󣬻Ͷ˻Լˡ
΢΢һЦҲ١
ָ, ûʺһ¡ʺعεؿһۣŵҶʲô̬ȣҲƼˣ룬ҶȴһӦƣôˣ
ʲôԵʣ
ֻݽӽҶ飬Ҷ֪ˡ
ӱֻܶĸæ
ʺ̫꣬òѡͲǶ̴ܹ飬ܾӦ¾Ͱϣ̫ӷģҶ취ȰҶˣŮ޸㡣
лʺ¾ǳɹһˡ
ӷǣҪͲ߶ĸˡ
ʺס
źȲ裬ͷҲû̧ȻһɭȻĿ䵽ϣʶشһͷһƤ˶٣߶µ̧ͷ
̫ޱעкһ˿¶ȡ
һɵذѱյ£硭
»Щ飬Ҫæ̫ڡæּǴＷʱַ·ѾڵɽϹһȦ
һ¿ˮоԼͷ
ֶ߶µȥյ⻹ûĸ˵껰
̫ӲԣΨɱء
ֻվᣬֻʺ𣬸̫˳ȥ
һߣһ߸Լ飺磬ʲô֪
Ŷ
ģҪ֪Ҷ˵ʲôҲҪԴǵ˵㻹ûҶǰ¶أҪҶ֪ˣ㲻ȫˣƽôæҲǿܲԼҶǰ¶ˣһŭ֮£ǣңǲǣ
ӿ첽ǰţһûԡ
ಽظ󣬼žԼڰյС䵽˵ϡ̽ŵﻹ£ˣ
վס
ջ˽ţͦñֱ
ͣ½ŲЦ㲻֪Ҷˣ
޹֪
ڹſڼҶˣȴ֪Ҷˣ
ҡֻҶˣҲûƼѽ˵Ϲ֪ҶҲ˹У˵ʲôҲȥ磬Ҷһһ⣬Ầ㣿
˹˵ŶǷżҶʱôһҲȣ

ƽզզӣ˵͵ʳˣô̵סס˲˵֮󻹾ֹŹ֣ʲô֪ģ

Ĭ˰Σ֪Ӳʳڣܲܲ飿
̫ӹ˹ǣЦһ¡


誺ȹ˵裬ĿǴӿľ˻
أ԰ʲôģһһľǵڼһ졣
վҸˡ
ӣ˼æסŸΪҪôߣ
ǰҲˣ羰ҲˣҲûʲôˡ誵Įط֣˵һҪС㣬ˡĳܶ
ȵȣ˼קסڣҡһжҪ㿴
üĿ޲
˼ҧҶָ塣
⻰һڣ˲תͷָ壿
˼вʣֻ˳ŷŵĻ˵Ҷ뿪ʱʲôҲûдߣ˲ٶڸУôϲҶ裬ͲҪ𣿡
ҶڹȻã誼̵ľͶˡؿ˹˼ûм뿪ʣҪʲô
ʲôҲҪ˼Ŀؿ֪ϲʲôҲҪҿԽЩȫ㡣
課š
һҪ󡣡˼˵ЩԺУҪһȥá
˴ⲻ
ţȥҽȥø㣬ҲУ˼вҶָ壬¶һݣǽղҪպҲٽЩˡҪˣҲ
˾ٹȻ˳誵ߣ޺޵˹˼һۣŵͷС·ĳֻš
˼⣬ת調ˣϲ¶
誻Ҷ裬Ƚ֮ͻ᳹װ˸ˡҪָΣǼŷֽҪҪˣѵҶ豾ʲôǣɣ
˼˴ԼԺ棬Ȼշ˵óţԼȥãҲδʲôֵҪ
ֻȥʱЩˣѾֻ˵ָҪһЩʱ䣬誵Ҳôߴ٣ֻӵ档
˳Ҳ࿴һܵĻ
˼󣬱˷˸׼һԺӣְᵽҶԭסԺӡ誴ǰأʱûŮбʱ⴦ԺҶ衣
ǽǵǿһˣ۵Ļӵ֦ͷһӣ죬ҲҶһ£һ۱㳤ø߹ͷ֦ͷһʱȻ
ԺסѾҶ裬ҲڹǷʲô⡣ÿһ괺죬Ҷ趼»֦Ψδյ
ǰҶ͵͵ȶ˳ɻ֮Ǳ㽫Ƶҡ
ϧҶѾˣߵʱʲôҲδߡ
΢紵ңƬ۷۵ĻҡŴ֦ͷ䣬ǰƮƮҡҡ¡誶ŻµĹ켣ǰһ㱡
æסԱߵǽţȴһ˵Ļ֮|һסδعһϤϤ̧ͷͼ˼Ժſ̽ͷ̽ԡ
вδʲô壬⸱ģȴǰһܹסӣû°ɣ
ǳͷ󺹣ƿһ˼ֱ紥һ˻
ɫ䣺㡭
˼Ͽɲ޻֮⣬صذźѾ߶ˣյģһҲûС
˼۵ЦӣǲǶ۵ˣҷȥɣ
˵ţҲܳηӦҪԺߡ
誱һģһżѵؽԼĸ첲г˺ü
ʲô׵ġ
˼֪ƷвҲûóֶΣ

ҧǹɲԸѹ£̵˫Ŀ죬ǽҲսָǽ¼ץۡ
˷ľǱҲ˲ʲôŹ˼ͺ𣺡Զ㣡
ߣ˵С˵̫ÿˣһСľͳˡȿ

 75 

˼Ҳǵһ, ӹ˷Ƕҩ, µ, ۿų誺ȥֱ˴Ժǰʱе
ۿųҩ, ԭȻĺȻ侲
ʹԼҲһҲ, ǰȥ, Ҫٶϳ誣, ҷȥϢɡ
˺üЩˤڵ, ŷǽסԼ塣
ǿһͷʱл£ǰƮ䣬һƬ۰, , ĵ׵ĺȴһ󷺹һ
̲ס룺Ҷ֪Щ
֪, סʮԺѾռ, ˻ֵ¶ͷҲ֪֪߳ܲڸġһׯ֪, ֪Щ, ȻòС
Ȼ֪
ΪҶѾЩ⣬Ҳˡ
ֻҪЩ誱ֽűǽ, ѵվֱ塣
ӡ
調Ŀ֮һҲûʣ£˼߶ϣһ±һδģԳ־ӣ¶ʱҲƣȴĵͷһأеŨ˼֮Ҳ
ִ֪֪硣˵㲻ִ磬ҲӦ֪ܣ飬ѧЩ
ӡ˼ҧһ⣬Լ侲Ź˷Լ˵ЩԳʣҲֱ׳٣лԼڣҳҪ޸ģѡ
Ȼ֪лԼڣֶΣţȴ㲻Ŀ
˭˭ֻҶ裡˼ҧҲǣҰһ˵ҶָˣҶҶ裬۶Ҷ裬Ҷֳ˶ǧлԼΣֻҪ룬ָ׷ȥˣǶǧֻҪ룬ǵĻԼҲҪˣ
Ʋͷ࿴һ۶Ӷ
ˣԼҶ
οҶλЩҶû׷ҶǰҶҲ࿴һۡǶ֮ϵϵĸɸɾ̹Ȼףˡ
һѾҲûУӦͱǰ֧ڳ誼ǵʱ·תǽߡ
˼ЩţæУ㲻ߡô죿
֣ЦЩʱԺô죿
лԼˣ⡭Ҳ֮еġ˼ֻ޸㣬Ҳǲ𣿡
һ֮У
ͷҲأ˵ǵֿΥԸ|Ѿ󲿷
˼Ըȴû뵽翹֮Уȳ誽Ժӣĵ˳¡ܳԸԸ⣬󶼵Ļ𣬲ҹԹȢš
˷˸ҩҩԼǿѰǶѣƫƫӲűҲԸһ¡
˼ߡˣҲԸ࿴һֻۣѹ
Ҳˣ誶Ҳó߳
ҩĳվֱ嶼ѣ˫ֽȫҪˣܿ㽫ץס˾ҪԺߡ
ȴ֡ѧôܣƽ˼ҪֶΣм
С㣿ү
ʶȥһСѾվڲԶСѾ߿Żм죬룬ԭҶߵѾߴ
ԭźҶ裬˼ˣǲۣȥɨϴµĻ֮ǰǲۡչ˼ԺӵѾ߶ˣǽϴõ͹ûյʲô
ɴ۾ǰĻ棬׷ʲô誺ס
ˡ
˲ʲôæж£ܹȥѹ˼ţСù˼һʱûм֮үߣ
誳û첽뿪
˼ּ׷ȥȴš˼ŭѾͷǲǲҪˣ
Ųء
СҶߣҶпվͽ飬ҲܡģһЩԾںլ˽ԴһתˡҪǲСţҪ£
ŮҵڶҪһѾ߶ףСô֪ܲ
ӳԺӷΧ㿪ʼ˺ˡ
һ۾ܿģЩԣ˲֪ʲôҪȴ誴ֹһ·Ҳ
˺ԺΧǵǰתһ䣬ӭȴһˣײ˸šͣסؿŶˣѵάŷȣ֪Ƿ˼һ뷨
Ҳû뵽ſڸպһֶֻɫ죬֮⣬㿴ĲԾ
üͷ𣺡ôˣ
˴ҪȴһԡֻԼһھͻйһ˿
һ㱣źܿعɫʱѿģ
課ڣ˵ͷ
Ŀ¶裬Ψһѡ
ڳִ֪磬̽˽й׼ѳүͻȥ죡
誶˵Ըˣ˰ѳ誴ߣԼɫִ󲽳Ժȥ
誻ͷıӰһۣӻ磬Ҳֲ峤ʲô̬ȣֱǱԼҵ˺ţвųһ
ָۣԼĴȣʹһû|ԴһƬּѵشżѣֻ֮⡣
˼òװѾ߸˦ˣֻѳ誻ߣŻܳȥʱûҵ誣ȴɫΪѿĳ
˼һСغһ
Դӹ˼ظһηôĻ𣬳ݺݵһۣҹ
һ£ʲô£ǵȵ˵
ԸҲ˵קǿӲ˷˵Ժߡ
ѽ
Ż𣬹˼ŬȴҲѲãֻ󱻳ۡһ·ȴǱ˹˷˵Ժӡ
һ߿ţֽ˽ȥ˼ûվȣļӴһˤ˵ϡ
˷ƺŲ裬Ů㱨Ϣ֪źȻ߿˼˹
δع񣬳Ѿŭ峯˷˸ҪڣһƱѾ˦ϡ
ʮɵ˷ƫȥһʱðǣͷĿѣеİ̻˼͵һ׼ΪԼһҲ˺ڡ
ŭɶ޸
ߣ׽

 76 

˶ͻȻһ, ѾǴҲҳ, ˼Ҳ, ڵҲ
˷˺ðŻعתͷ뷢, ɶϳ˫Ŀһ±㽫ӿڵĻ˻ȥ
ٿʱ, Ʊ˰أү, ʲô
, ݺݵһֿۣˣǶȥ
Ѿæ, 첽˳ȥһ뿪ĵؽŹˡ
գ۱ֻʣˣ˼ӵæ˹˷ȥģ˵ĺ, ܵŹ˷˱ӡ
ү˷ֿ˿˼, ԼҲ, ˷˲֪˺, صǡ
Լĺ£Լָָ˼, ѹŭֲ֪ܵ, ѵ̵ģ
˼ָ޹⣬ôô˵ҡ
ѵ˵ˣЦҼ˳, ģǱѵģ
˼ЩΣСֹˣôҰ£
һװ׵ĹȻҲó飬֪ˣǸοǺ涼㶪ˣ
ô֪˼ƱȻ㶼֪ˣҲ㡣Ҫ㷽ŰҰѳˣҲ޸ӣлԼڣҲֻȢҶѡ
лԼڣαֶ飿
Ҷ衣˼ż˵ôϲҶ裬Ҷ˹ǧһӺأұҪ޸ӣֻ޸ҶŲߣ
Ҫ˻飬αصʲôͰԼˣ
׿˵ģ˵Ҫ˻顣˼˵˵ҪǵţٹգҾҪ޸ˡ
ʲôҲȢţصȹ֮£ҪȢ㣿
ҪǵûţһҪȢˡ
ЩЦˣˣʧڣ˵ȥĹԴҪЮ˻飬ҲԷˡȣʲôƽҪϸȢ㣿
ǡǲǻеǺĹֻҪ棬һ˵ʲôˡ
Ĳţξãžҵ˼£ǽͷĻѹ˻ȥתͷԸٿǿ˹˷ˡ
˼ᶥײ˷˴ҲҳСؿ
Ҫúý̵ģʣ棬֪ܣ֪ѵ㻹һϢй¶ȥǺ棬棬ѵҪˣ
˭Ұ˵ȥ˷ֻҪ˭˵֪ˡ
ЦȢĹʲôϸѵԼõú֪ܰǺŮ֪ĻΪǳȢĸ¥Ĺ
˼
˷ſڣҪ˵ʲôɶۣһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
᲻֪ļҵĵﲻԸԼĶȢһװ׵Ĺڻǰʧӣ㲻˵Ҳٵĺܡ
˼ңעЩǷ£ʱһͷһѱȥĸδĥҲҲ
ɽ˲Ǻõ
ֻҪ޸誣ǳˣǰܼӣȳ誵ȻҲü˼ţҲ֪Щ˽£ġ֮Ҳûбȳ誸õѡϲˣֻҪܼ޸誣ֺαںôࣿ
˷ǰţҲҶ˵ùͷü˳ĿСӦš
˼뷨
ǰΪȨԥԺ檣ԥĳô࣬Ϊ裬Ҳ취ٶ࣬Ҳֻһҡȴͬǰδ檣ֻҶһˣ޸˳誣ֻһ˵ġ
ֻҪ課˵Ҳᣬ˭֪ǰʧ׵飿
һɫ֪˵ãתţСѹȥʲôʱϴٷų 
Ⱥ̶˼ɴ۾ŵؿѽûʲôʲôҪҹ
ͷҲأ˰֣˱ǿӲ˳ȥ˼ҷſ
顱һ¹ϣ˼ԶȥһҲûˡ
š
˷ҲңҲ̧ͷɫ
ΪѵԼɲûСԭȵλԼԼһˮ
˷صү
ડһ˵˵
˵˵ʲô˷˶˶٣ɵصүɷѹ誣𽫴˵
Ц쳤ϣѵɵң
⡭
ģЩʱô֪ģ

ΪЩѾЩһǰһģһ˵ǶлԼɻҲǳ飬Գ飬˻飬Ҫһ١Ϸ˵߱ߣ˵±̻ҲҺûи㳤󡣡
ǵǱǰ˷ֻͷεĿ־ѹŴ߬еӣҪȴ˵ܷĻ
ξã˷˲߬ӣЩҲûˣҶѾ׵ǣѧٺãҲ˶ŮǵŮ
ȻŮ㻹˺һʼ˾ûϷѧҲʡĸѧ
˷ſڣֱˡ
룺ʲôã
ķǳسǳĵĸˣ˵ȥ⣬ȻǱȲ϶ˣھ֮ҲǸšһжԼģкβã
ɴ˹˼Ҵ̧ͷķŮ׽˵ǵĸҲֻ˾⡣
سʣһ仰Ҳ˵ڡ
ҸҼ˹ذѱյ£վȻ̲ãҲؽˡ
˷˴󾪣ǡ
÷Ҳȥôšصúý𾭳飬ҲʡЩH¡
˷ɫһף˳ȥͷҲء
һͨþûع

ҡ
誴ˮ̧ͷˮӳĩҵ䣬԰׵ĴûԡͰ֮С
ţ誣誣ʲôû°ɣ˵һ棬ǳʲôˣղȥˣ
誴ԡͰг˹Աߵѡϵ´ʱֻЩ
ʹδȹʳ֮£ֻҪһǷŭǶġ
⣬ŵˡ
誱˱ۣŭ£߹ȥš
˱͵ģһģǱһĶ˷룬δǱ
Ҫ˻顣
Ҳֻ˵һ
ߣ̫ӣŶôɣҪûδˣϾˡ
̫ӣҲҫҲֻ˵һ

 77 

ԴӳԺ, ӱ㿪ʼ볯, Żʵ۴Ϊ, Ҳǳɫ֮ЩǵӦ, λ󳼶Ϊ͡
ֻǽգ̤ǵ֮к, ȴܵһ߽Լ, ̫, ȴˣѾʵ, Ǳ亹ֱ
ֱ糯˳ӲŻعȥڵʣĴֱֱ˶ߡһ, ؿ
ӣ
Աдֹտ鲻̫ˬ
ǵ, ߶һ, λ߳ȥʱ, ܿ˶ڵλá
ĸߴ󣬰ʱƸǻ, ˶˵, ֻ鲻ã˭Ҳȥϻƨɡ
е˶߹ˣΨվԭز, һڵ˭ӲͷƤӭȥҶˡ
бӱǻ֮зһӦ
붨٣˻ʵۣҲĵ֣ضȴֶ֪÷ںδǳŮˡ
Ů̫ʣҶصص⣬ǷлҪ˵
ûС

Ӳص̫ӵĪҪ顣

׼Ҳ֪Ӧԡ
ӡ֤Լ˵Ļǰ㣬˵ת뿪ҲԥӿıӰֻûȤӡ
֪ҶϻعʱµȻ״ӦҶ˵̬ҲѾ֤񶨹ϸ棬ûе˵ᵶѾǸ档
ֻǰʱҿϸֺɫܵܽȻ෴ȴǻҪҪ飬ǻˡ
뵽Ӳ㲻ص̾һ
һߣҲǷ޷ޡ
Ϊ빫ӵ˺ܶ죬ֱҶ˴ӹл֪ԭǸݺƭԼŮĻ˾Ȼ̫ӣ
̫Ӷˣִ򲻵ãֲ˺ô̫ӱˣǺۣôô˳ۡ
˹ȥ飬ȥǳĵӸŮ˵ģڵĵģصػ˼С
ҶҶڻ԰֮Уһ⡣ҲףվһԣˣŰͰͰѵȥ
ֻҶһģŵҼ̫ˡ
Ҷ趯һ٣ջԼҪȥһĵ֡ü˳Ŀɶȴ߸ȥĻ
˾ͼˣȥ糯Ȼܼ̫ӡҶԹص˷һۣ̫Ǽҿûϵαû˵
οǵŮ档
Ҷһ֪Ҷ
ֵԭȻΪ̫ǸõģЩҲδʲôһƣȻֵܣͬĲŵ
Ϊͬص˵ͷ

ҶС˵Ҳû㡭
٣ɱͷŹˡҶ˸ƣǳҵĳ誣οģҲǸ׸֮ˣ˵ͷˡ̫ݣҲ֪Ŀģȣ㲻ôˣ֪֪治֪ģеҲαװӽ㡣
Ҷſڣһʱƿԡ
ӹл֮Ҷ׿˵ǰѾ붨һһͨ׵У̫ӱʮĻˡҲĻֻΪƽ
ԭлֻҶ˾䱧Թжʼ̫ͬ
а룺ʵ֪Ŀġ
̫ӵ׿˵ˣ˵ǡ˵һ顣
ҶԭҲЩ䵭С誶»ԼҲ࿴һۣҲ֪һǼ١ɵĻԼҲǳ誼һ˵͡͵İɡ
ҲҶ˵
Լ˼Ҫ˵ڣҶҪһͽӡ
Ҷĵ׾ã˵䣬˵Ҷ˶̫ӵӡܺһЩ
ȻҶԹ󣬱Ҳ̫һ䣬ܿ˵¡ҶһҲż˻⡣
û˵䣬Ĺܼҿ첽˹үˣС㣬ˡ

üͷʲô
»һĶ˵Ҫ͸үˡ
Ҷ˲⣺ö˶˵ģʲô
⡭
Ҷȴһˡ
ĳ˻ݵʱ򣬿ɳƣʲô鶼Ҫ
Ҷ贽䣬Ȼ֣ſˡ
Ҷ˲޲ɡ
붨һȥҶҲȥ
ߵſڣȻһſڣϷ˶װţҲʲôģ˶һ
һʱղ˸Ƶģݣ۵ڣôһˣ˼Ĵ
ĿⰧԹسҶ迴ȥ
һҶ裬̫ѹڹжʱյӣ۱۶飬õ͵һ£ȥ̫
ôյ飬ֻԼҲҪɱˣԴεȫīˮ
̫Ҫͣؾˣʱһ·˶˹
ֻҶ⳵񣬱ԭ̫ӣֻҪҶﲻ̫ӵ̫ͺã̫ˣҲͲѺˣ
ߣ˵ɩɩСӣҵɩɩôֻޣ

 78 

һĶ, ȴĴŶû
üͷ, ɵ߽´һ, ʣкιɣ
һƱ㰫˰أ˴, ֺõصҶġ
񣿡
ЩȫǸҶˣҶ˵ġһ, ָ⳵, ֱ, ҲҶ衣޷һЩԺöȵģʲôصĶͷҶҼ˹, ŰЩȥ
޹»´Щȥ
ܵôܣæҶ֪Ҷǰ˱æ
Ŷô֪
Ͽҵ˵ֻҪҶ˿Щ, ǰ˱æˡ

Ҷ, Ҷ, Ҷ, ҲǿЦҿ, ֻжڿ, ҲͲڣֱ˵ˣЩȻǱ͵ģǸȵ, Ҷ֮󣬱һֱڹж飬òײܳһˡҪǲЩҾ͵ֱػȥҶˣЩڱ˵ǿǾ֮

ҶЩЦ̫ӱҲһˣôͽջҪ
˵ʣܷǸУȱ裬˵

ǲնҲǿңһʱհɡھͻȥҪ̶ġ
ĬؿãŲӣȥ
һ֪ܽĴţ൱ڳɹһ롣ǳſڣɹ˿š
Ҷں˽ȥͷһǳвݸ
̫ӵ´ĿǸ⡣
ǰ˱˵ǰѶ͵ǹˡֹ߻ỨȲܰţһñӣǲգ˼ȡ
ζȺһ裬㿪ʼʹƽֺûʵۻʺĻϲ˵Щӵı
˵öʵУ䷢ԷθҪ̫ҲʵǷǳ֣ĿڣʮֵĹֶ˰ٷֵĹ֡ǵ˶֪飬ǶۼʱΪѧֶΰٳ˵ԼĿ£Ҳ¶Ц⡣
Ҷ˺Цţż˵֮ҶһЦ
˵ˣֶյʣµĲˮһʵҶˣҶˣҶ˵˵ǲǾ֮
˵ǲգǺ㣿
Ҳ˼ƣѹˣһȥҲýδãҲ޹أǲǣֻ̫ԸҰѶ͵û˵ǲܻȥʵڲУ͸ĸҲС˵ǲǣ
ˣ
˵ˣЩ治ǹضֶ췢ģֻǸҶ˺Ҷ˵ģҶﶼһϵ֮ǰϻʺ˵ˣҲ֪ӣܸ÷ˣ
Ҷ˺ɿֻģ
ǧȷҪǲţȥһǡ
Ҷ˿ɲš
̫ʲô˼֪Ҫ˵ǸҶģ֣ҪûУǲˡ
ظ֤һҶϵĶ̽ȫȥ
Ҷ˳ãȴǵ붨һżȥ
Ҷ豾ϣһ̤ǰСҶȵȡ
Ҷͣ½Ų泯ȥ
Ҷ˶ȥˣæѻеĶ˳ݵϡŵؿ棬СҶպã˷ˡ

ҶкЦ
ѵ˵ôĵҪĶǳϣ
Ƕһ鲼ţķģһ顣Ҷû򿪣ǵҲա
ɫ䣺ҶҰ
»ȥֱ˵ǣ빫ǵֳᵱԵʲôҶ޹»»ǴЩһȥɡ
Ͳʲôʣ̫ӿ׿ڸ˵һϲ

ҶȿҲ١
Ҷɣͷ̧ͷȲɴԼѶ˳
ǹȻһ飬ͨͨκ֮Ҷһһ᲻ƿˡ
ǡҶ־ϲѵⱾĹ±
ͷһƣֿۣϵãȴͷˮͷǣҶ㲻ϲ
Ҷ᲻ϲ߶᲻ŲҪңСġӶָƣҲϲãĶǰһ±ˡ
ҶЩţΪǴеĹ±ˣԭϾȻţ
ͷʹĶܲǼٵİɣ̫ӱĺܣصطںţء
Ҷʹջߣ̫أҲա
̫˵ˣصǸģҪǲգǻԭ
ⶫ̫أͷ»ȥת̫ӵ£һѾ̫ӵµĽͣЩʱչȥҲѾˣ̫ӵҲٷϡԭ̫ӵ°Ҳ٣ЩѾ㹻ˡ
ſڻҪ˵㣬ƳԶҶȥɫ䣬̰ҶУҶպá
Ҷһ㶣عѾߵǰʶرȥѶص

Ҷ򶨵صǿˣ
һۣȴĿбӣһҲ߶ϡҶûа취ԥһֻܱ˼һѾߣ͵͵˹ȥ
ʾѾ߰պãŻصҶߡ
ѶҶ裬ˣҲپǲԸգǳְ̾ػȥˡ
ˣҶ˻ƣҶȥˣֻһЩԴõĶɫ̫̫ԵҲǲƷȷûһʺ˵̫ӵǴʲô⣿
Ҷץ½ǣ򶨵ӦҲǸͶɡ
Ҷҡͷɱ̫ӱˣʱ򣬿ɶ֪͵͵Ѷ棬ء̫ѵ֪

Ҷƿߣҿſʱ˲٣д㡭
Ҳǣ̫飬ɲˡɵСţ˭㶫Ҫӡܸģﶼܸ㣬ǿɲϡЩ
š
ҶӦʮ顣
һ˻صͷСѾ߻飬ѾǱŵϡ
Ҷ˵Ļڶߣ̲ס룺ǹ±¶һݣΨһһǰǵҲڶ
Ӧյģֱ̫͵ĿܾʱЩʹƫƫҲûиܾĻᡣ
Ҷǰ룺ͿԲաˣһỹȥҪյ˼
㣬ظ飬һ˫ǰĹ±
һеֽƮƮȻǰ
Ҷһ£ֽһּʵģҲĺܣɲ빫ӵּ

汻˵ˡ
͵͵͵ˣͽҲˡ

ڼб졣
׿ڶԳ˵Ƿ֮󣬳˹Ȼŭ˵ʲôҲͬ⣬ǰһźݣгҵѹ
سѾ˾ģ۳Ȱ˵Ҳ˿ɿڡ
¹رĹ¹˼Ѿ˲֪֮£֪Ҳֻ볤ˣδ˵˲֪飬ֻΪһҶ裬˵ɴ˿ţֹš
һ˲ڼҵ誻͵͵ˡ
͵˸ȥ˳Ѹŵ˳ǰ˵Լ˼
⣬ʵҲͬˣ
үģҲδ𡣡侲ֻҪүϴӦ˻飬±㲻Ὣ¶κ𣬺Ҳа
⻹вˣ
ã͵вҲ޷
ЦЦ룬һݸ˳У誡
һиҪ󡣡
˵͵Ǻ˻飬²顣
ûô
˻Լĺô
Ҳһʱԡ
ݹȥֽһ˻ϸ󣬲ŵ˵ͷˣԼȡˡ
Ѹŵ˼ǰʱ˼Щûع
ʲô
ЩʱҲţ˽ֻǣĥʹ಻
誹˻ˡ
ʲô˼ŵصɴۣǵ㡭
еصҴӦˡ
ôܴӦ˼ˣѵ㲻֪жôܾʹӦˣ
ӦҪǲӦҩ˼ҵϢҪǶǡ˱Ƶز㱾µСŸһŮԴõСøվĹ˼˻ȥǰʱ򣬾͸ںˣˡ
ǡôѽ˼飺취ܲҼ޸ӣ˻ˣǻ½ףǲǣ
ƵصģѾˡ
ߣһ㣡
ֻҪÿ춼ǰһһ㣬ҾͿԶʱˣ

 79 

誻ؼʱ, ˲ŵ֪һ, ֪ʲôˡ
˲, ԼĶʲôӣ˽ⲻײ, ͵˶ްڸ֮⡣
˵˶ٱ, ǻԼˣǿǳŭصû˺, Լպ;, ߵĻжѣ
ѵУһǴ, ûһ޳𣿡誷ʣҪǳҼǽҵϣҲڴҫ鹡, ǳ㾡ȫǳңԹС, ܵһĸ
ѿڶǵ˶֪ж, ô
Ȼõ, Ҹؿ誴δѹֻƴ󣬿ɺֻһ, ҳʱ, ǣãСһ˱
˼֪ǳմմϲ, ֶεӡѾ˴˲档δҩ֮£һ̣ȴһҲ̲סˡ
ججʱҲδδմӺ˽ˮУȴǳѹ
ҵϲ٣ǳҵĿܣҲԼ뷨Լ任δԸ˼޿̡Ҫл˼˼ֻһַͨͨĴҹ㣬ᰴų˰ŵ·ߣҶ裬ĹԼӡ
ɹ˼ǡ
ֻҪһ뵽պһ˳ɻ飬һ˲䣬ʲôΣʲôȣȫѹȥޱ뷨
ûҶ裬Ҳöˡ
Ҷô飬뿪֮ûԱ¿Ųѧصǰ֮Ҷ裬ԼΪƲۡ
ҲѹҶ᲻ϲ
ȡ
誶Գ˵ԼѾˣ˵ٶ࣬Ѿı䲻ˡһӼаȥ
ԭȻҪԼһ⻰Ҳ˲ϱˣȥʲôǻԼ飬Ҳƽˣٸһ¾ˡö˶˵ģΪҪȥ
ڼҳȥĶ顣
飿˿ɲţȰ㲻ϲǻԼҲˣϲ˭ٸȥףòã㲻ϲҶף˰ɣ
ڶУúЦǶŮӦ𣿡
һҭ˵
ﲻ֪ڹٻأǻԼûˣǳҶ׵ǾǶ
кβãϲҶ裬ֳţǳ˵Ҳȫ
ȫ誱ãô֪ӦѾƭһأѵٴ´ֿĸţٽĻԼ𣿡
˲ţּŭУҾˣ⻹Ϊ㣬Ϊǳ룡
Ҿͻȥҵ£Ҳˡ
⻰˼ѵǴҺˣŭЦãðһҶ裬ҲҺûţҪȻĶƫȥﻹ
ڼֻú׼侲ҵǳҵˣô룬Щ鶼ĲˡҲ˼ֻ밲Ķ飬Ҫ룬Ҳû취
Щȥ
ôˣѵ㻹뻻һҺཫôΪһˣﶼҪˣ
Ҳû˼
ûУΪλҪصذȥŭɶ˸οǳңѵҪ˾ãǰ𣿣
̾һ
ƣصʱܿҵԸ
ſڣȻû˻
һῼ볯Ϊ٣Լѳҳǰô꣬ҵÿһǰźãҲ밴Լ뷨Լߵ·˵ҲҪΥǵ˼ֻǡҪһȫ֮ߡ
һֱҪһȫİ취һֱ벻
ŵڳҶũŮһֱûó⡣
ãȴһͨѣҪȫֻӱܵĽڡ
ֱƵ·ס
ϱʮȫʮֻԽ٣ԽܣҪȴòĲԽࡣҲ˶Ǩ
͸һʱգҺúһɡ
ؿֱת˳ȥЩز

Ҷ貢֪ʲô¡
ֻһ㣬Ӧǰȥμ˾ۻʱŴӱʱ֪誵Ľ
˵ھһСԺЩϿһÿרĶ飬֮⣬ȻҲʼˡ
ҶĿࣺˣ
ԱС˵ӱ˻ˡӹÿɲ̫ãƺӣҪȻ£
Ҷſڣһʱ޻˵
ȾۻʱҶ˸Լ
δȣ˺һҶ
Ҷͼվ棬ͦΣһ档Ҷȴ΢΢ƣ䵽ϡ
£ɲʲôӣǳ誳ġ
ѲɳҲǳˣ
ʣܷ񡭡˵仰
ߣʹ
˵ۿŶʱˣΪʧ߶ˡ

 80 

Ҷȥ˸Ĳ¥
Ǹþܾ, ɷڳϵҲʵ档ҲҪ֪, Щ˿С誱˻顱ʲô˼
Ѳ, Ǻ˻飿
Ǻ÷ԼҲˡ
Ҫһ裬С֮, Եһȴ˭Ҳûȿڡ
Ѿ߾͵, СѾ߿Ҷ˵, ˳, ȥ֮ҲҶˡ뵽Լ׻ε׷ʣҶ̾һ, Ҳֱӿˣ˵СĻԼûˣ
һ㱣űб̵ĲҶԲ𡣡
ҶһӺαҵǸ
ⱾǸø˵ġ誵Լʱ, ûվֹ, Ҳ, ֻ, ȷǸǸֻǸôãӦҲˡ
Ҷһʱ˵
ȥô, ־ô, ԼӡҲûʱʹġʱ𣬱֪Լ޹ϵ, ټ誣ǹСδ
ҲǷԭ£ԹԵ˵ȥ뿪סˡ
Ҳ˵ˡҶ˵ӣģ
ġ
ҶҲȻ
ͬ˽ĳҲǽʳҶΨһʮģǻ޲°źá˽課Ҳ飬ԥɶСȴû뵽誻䵽ֵĵز
Ҷʣǳ˵˼
ҡͷԼ˼

ʵҲδѣ˵˽Ǯдӣ֮࣬Ҳ±ûźв֮Ҳ޷ܡ˵ҲǶ㣬ǰҲ벻ӵķ調ЦҶǲġ
Ҷж
СʱȥҶ裬ǼҶڶ飬ϸ񣬼ԼѧǸСҲиǲ̡Ҷش󣬿ȴҶࡣ
ɾͣ˵ҶĹֻͣǼҶùҲи»ᱻҶƲҲͷڲ
뿪֮󣬳˶ƣæңȰ嵱ˣʽõͬһӣǿǰգȥӪȴһµ£صȥʣźת룬Ҷ뿪ʱ˫ֿտգʲôҲûдߣڽֱˣ
ԹʱδкβԣֱԼҲ֪мѡ
ǻҶѹʱȴһæҲûаϣֻԼġȫҲԼʵڲ
֮кδ㣿
úö飬ȿ
Ҷ˵ͷҲͲˡ
Ҷ
ʲô
űӣЩҿʵСģҿйܷ֮лᡭף
Ҷ˶١
Ȼע⵽ճ誼һֱšҶȴǴǰĳƺ
뿪֮󣬳ҲûиĹƺȴȻˡ
֪ҲЩ޳ܡҶԲȣѰ㡣調ɬǲʣͻǲġʮǶԭͨûЩ飬㱾Ҫ޸ҵġ
ǿһţס˱ˡδյ֦ĻԼҲûˡ
ϹСĴʮ꣬ۿŶ˱Ҫɻ飬պ󱾸ɪٳδ£ЩҲûˡ
ܸġ
еġ
Ҷ۽΢û̧ͷҲܸо誵ڴֻӦҲ֪
Ҳ֪Щ飬ѾһˣǷϲ誡
Ҳ֪ȵ調ϹʱԼǷѾˡ
Ӱ׼ƾ٣ǰ;Ǵ¡
ս֣޼Բָݽ֮УΨʹʹŬά򶨡Ӧһ֪ˡ
ʵҲ֪ԼѾûпˡ
Ҷ飬ôԭ
вʡ
Ǹ빫ӡȻ𣺡¥ʱҼλ빫ӣҶ֪ʵݣ
ҶͣƬ̣ظ빫ӣ
誾ԼʵڱӣĵϾ֮ȴ̲ס̲סռҶ빫ӽӽģѾû˻ᣬǸ֪Ӻð빫ȴﻰάҶ衣ܲλ빫Ǻ˼ף̲ס
Ϊά־֮ʮĲһȫð˳ԹҶĽڣ͵͵йԼ˽ġ
λ빫ԳͣʵȴˡҶǻڣȴ׿ҳϡԼ˵䲻֪ǺˣɼȻ·ӦСһЩӾ衣
Ҷգգۣ֪ġ
ʲô
֪˭Ҷ˵ѾʵѾˣʲôˡ

誵뷨Ȼֹ
ĬãȻǰյһ
ʱۿЩ΢졣
ˡ誼įԼ糣ƣˡ
ӻͳӣŵϡ
ҶЩ̣ɡ
ҡҡͷֵܷһæ
ʲô
㻹ǲǵôǰЩӣһֻǺȴû˵˵лЩΡСѾߺȻ֣Ҳܴӹ˼ӳû˵ϴҲ֪СѾǷǣֻҲҪһѾߣ㣬æ㲻Ըİ취
Ҷ赱ȻǵãǿԭѾߡ
δ飬ֻʣںòã
룬ڹСߡӡſûҶʱá
ֻһ˼Ҷˣ±㽻Ұɡ
͵Ƿһ顣
ҵѾߣ˺ܶ꣬ҲǷ㣬顣
誽пɬ£Ǿ͡ɡ
һϵҲûˡ

ҪСѾߵ飬ҲҶ
Ҷ˶ԺòһŮػջصУҶû˵仰ԲûʵЩȥʲô㣿
ҶգգۣҼ˳ӡ
Ҷ˹ȻȲع˵ʲô
ԭںʱһѾߣС͸ңصң˵ںĲ̫áҶ꣬Ҳ٣ҲˣǷܰӺ
һѾߣҶ̵⵹Ǽ򵥣ˣȹգҾСѾ߳ǰ
Ҷü䣬Цлл
Щʲô
ҶһȭȭŮ֮ıʮ꣬òҵŮֻ޲ðµкö͹鷳Ůڡ
˵ţֽܼ㱨
ˣˡ
Ҷ̾һѾϰΪһҲˡ
Ҷʣʲô
ֻʵ̫Ƶˡ
ԭǻΪһֻ̫ӵͻ룬֪ڶգգһĥƤӣʲôɶùˣǰѶ¡
˵˼ֻҪǲգ͵ÿնһˡ
գҲ޿κΡ
ΪĴʵ̫࣬˵Ҳʵڿûа취һΣĶһȻȥת̫ӣˣԺҲˡ˭֪ڶգˣϵĶװø࣬ҲࡣֻΡ
նڼңҶӽӵˣҶֻԼȥӡ
ȥʱҶ˻ԹαҪȥˡ
Ҷ˵ܵȫ
Ҷüû˵ʲô
ſڣڳͷƤЦصҶЩʲôصذ㶼ˣտвٺö
ָָмӣ°ͣʮֵ⣺⼸ɼأ
Ҷ̲סЦЦʣʲô
ʵΪΪһ
ȻӻһķĲݸҲ̲סԹƣҲǣһҪͣһҪգΪηҪôһȦӣ
Ҷ򴽣Щ˼
ֻ̫óĹ±ʵ̫ˣҪܾһһĹƣҲЩмܲס
Ҷ轫Ĺ±ȥְµĲغãȻС˵»ҲҾѾˡ
һۣҲֻűӦˡǲӦ»ȥֱѹŶ顣˼ҵĵܵܣûġ
ſڵһжУȵùС㶣в㿴쿴أֻԼ֪¡
Ҷ豧飬첽ԼСѾ߶ϳȥǰ֮Сط˹±
һϤֵֽ˳
ҶϰΪ
ÿһգ͹Ĺ±֮Уһֽ涼ϤּͻȥģҲ͵͵һš
ֶֽ̣һʻҲˣҲװӶֻÿζдϻػͻȥ
յľԼֻ֣࣬дţˣ
Ҷ裺
Ҳ֪ǲĴ
̫ӽյĻôص
ߣˣСҪʱˡ
̫ӣ

 81 

Ҷֽ, ðҲûλش
Ȱֽŵһ, ȷ±ֻû, ֽϵݣ±еپʣҲЩȥ
ҶԱĥī, ڵس
̫ÿһ±һ, ͽÿһܳһ, ֻպҶһ߳, һ߽˼ֽϵ¡
̫ӻ֪٣֪誼, Ҳʲô¡ĳδ¶֮ǰأȴҲĽָƣݶ¶, Ҷ², ʲô, һһ㱨ȥ
뵽, Ҷ趯˶٣ЩڡɵԱ߿, ǹ, ̫ٴ󵨣ӦҲڹˣһ
ҶҲԼкβ, ǲ֪ԼѾںòá̫֪ˣǱֵҶ˼ˡ
˼ҳ飬һֽдкβԣ
īɣУİõؼ

ֻ̫ѣûбĹϵ̫ӿû
еĴһһأյ̫ӻظǺˡ
Ҷ侲س飬±СòȥպãŽԼǷװãͷʼ
ȵ˵ڶգ罫±׼ãŽٹͶʱ㽫Ȿ±ȥ
Ҷһţһ׼ȥ԰飬Ҷ˵һһˡ
Ҷסʲô
ʺһ˴ڹУ̫ˣҲûйǽȥʺ˵˵Ҷݸչо͵Ϣҽһ˴ڼУұ㽲һϡ
ҶƬ̣ͷӦ
ݻһѣ·ʱǱ±ԥһ׻Ǵˡ
ɫãʺص԰а˲㣬˵԰ͻ԰еĻȫˣ㼯֣涷ޡʺصùŮˣҶлҪ˵
˵˼ҳҶҶУ⻨԰вپ£ҶɷҪȥ
Ҷɻ󣬿ҶһۣҶ˵˵ͷŹŮ뿪
ˣҶ˲źɵؿʺ󣺡صذ֧ʲôҪ˵
ʺЦеصǣǴ¡Ǽ¡
Ҷ貢δ߶ԶҲߣֻһͤ¡ʺصùŮ˶ˣڴҪ԰Ҳڴ뿪˹Ů֮⣬ҲûˡҶûãȴһȵĽŲ
Ů·Сģ˲ļᶨҶ۽ƳһƬɫ½ǣͣĲԶ
Ҷ

̧ͷȻһͦΣüĿǱãòʮ졣
Ҷ费Ҫվȴһס
ҶʶѾãҶҲ˿治ɫصôɣҶҲɱײ
Ҷһԡ
֪ʺصذˣ̫Ϊ֪ʺпˣȴֱ԰Ҫ˵ɺϣɲţ̫飬˵׼ɺ϶صذŵġ
ӿݣҲƽ
ϢҶͨ볤ĻԼȡ֪ˡڻԼΪȡ뿪ҺʲôӣһҲġĵҶ衣
ԭȳлԼڣûپҶ衣Լû˿ɾͲͬˣֻҪ룬ٹ׷Ҷ衣Ҫ˵ҶлԼȣ÷ʮ꣬ǰƸ̫߳ࡣ
˵˻ˡ
鸴ȼɱ̫ˣ
һõϢסȥˣȥһʺ󣬴˰ҶнУոǽƵһߣصعҶ衣
ʣ͹ȥǱ飬Ҷɿˣ
Ҷһֽ
̫ʵƽûף˵ǹ±ʵʳ誡
Ҷȡݵǰ򶨵δü
ӲӣпУù׼㣬Ҷɡ

Ҳ̫ļһЩǰͿһдرãҪú̽һ˵ڴ˴̫ۣ뿪ǡ

Ҷ۾̫ȴĲ˵Դֱ׳ð˵
ɵҵȻȥ֮ٿ
ҶղģӴӻóһ飺ΪҶѾˣִһ
ͰǰҶ迴Ʋֻ̫ۡе֮ǰϧѵá
аգôоô±
еʣҶȿĸ

Ҷԥʵܷȥ
Ļ˵꣬ӱС

ҽҶģʱ黹Ҳ˵㡣ӣֻҶﵱ͵ģҲػˣȥɡ
ҶæҡͷأҲգ
ϧǹأ˲ֽҲ𡣡ʣҶﲻϲǼŷֽҲ޴󰭡ҶϲǺȻҪ֮ˣҲ˷ѣȻˣкβɣ
˵ȫˣҶǰҲ
ֻܵǡ½һ
Ӵǹ΢΢һЦе齻
Ҷ軹δһ򿪣óһҶ赱ɵۡϵּѾһˣ׷̫ӵĶӻ˻еҶҲ
ؿҶһۣ㻹δü
Ҷ裺
ƲͷЩ߶ϡ
Ҷ뵽ʲôæͷ飬ȴһǵּյһģһ
Ƶҿ֮󣬱صҶ̽һ֪Ҷθ룿
Ҷ裺

԰֮С
ʺԸҶ˵һ裬ֻˣ˵ԼĿģ̫ӵҲСˣҲ֪ЩΪ̫ӵ²˲ġ
Ҷ˲ɫ²յӦĻ
ʺȴЦ⣺̫ȴң׿˵һϹ

Ҷ˳Ĭؿźѡ
ʺ治ɫʣҵĹҲ˺ʵͣɷѾѡûУ㿴̫Σ
ߣ鷿
ʵۣǱxxxأ
̫ࣺ̫ˡ
ʵۣǡyyyأ
̫ࣺҲ̫ˡ
ʵۣǡ
̫ࣺûˣȫ̫ˡ
ʵۣ

 82 

Ҷ뵽Щ
Ϊʺ빬, ֻҪ˵˵, ͬǰʮ, ˵˵ֻĽնʫġ
֪һڣҪ̫˵ף
ʮŮ, һû, ôͱô˶ˣ
˵, ̫ǻıѾ, ǲ⡣ûؼʱ̫Ӿݽӽ, 񵹺ãѻʺ˵ˣ
Ҷ˺ǲԸ»̫һЩ
磿ʺ׷ʵô磿ŮҲ˺ʵͣѰ˼ҵĹ, ʱҲѾҵ˺ʵ¡֪, ǰҹҶ, ⲻѾûˣ
Ÿջص, ǰʮ꣬Ҳûкúչ, ôͼ޳ȥҶ˵뷨, Ҫڼж꣬£񻹲ż
һ˵, ʺȴ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʺҲǾôˡ
̫ѵöһģΪ̫Ӳôãۿ̫ڿϵͷˣÿ쵽ֵ̫ˣ
ʺģ˵ǲżŮô꣬Щ뷨Ȼסҵ뷨ҪǶ˵ĻԼȶ£ںʱɻ飬ȻһҶաֻҪû飬ҹﲻţȻҪãˡ
ڻԼ֮ҪòܰȢͲˣ̫Ӹÿǵ顣
Ҷˣ
ѵ̫кβãʺ󵱼ָҶ˵һˮø̫ۿųģвҲСģмԿ䣬ҲΥ֮ԡ̫ΪˣӦҲ
̫ΪŸɣ̫СԴܵȺͷҲܲò̫Ҳòã˭
ǷڴǰҶ˿ܾӦˣڡ
ʺ֪ԭ̫ʱ£Ҷʣ̫ӵݽӽϵ̫ӣֻΪ˭ҵĵͽӡ
ʺȻ
¡µȷ̫òԡʺڨڨ̫ޱͷһһϲĹһЩҲʲôġ
Ҷ˱һɲɿڡ
ʺģ̲סǰЦ궨㻶ʱ˲£̫ӻһϳ⡣Щ飬Ҳٻأû
ҷȻ˵㡣
ʺ۾һ̵̫׷ҹҲҹ˵㣿
ôһ
ҿһġʺ˵ҲԽԽϲﶼҳõĹ̫ѵö˭ģɲҵĻ̫ӵ˵ͣȻվ̫ߡ⻰Ѿ˵ˣ𲻴ӦǿɾͿˡ
ҶƵһڲ裬˵ҲܲţҲÿ˼ǲϲȻҲǿ
ʺǻϲæʣҹͷˣԼǶˣ
ϵͷҵǿԿǡ̫ôֵ飬Ҷնص϶Ӧ

ֽ̫ʹڳ誵飬˲ǰҶʱһ䣺кβɣ
ԼǰˣԼдֽһʱҲƿԡ
ð죬ҶŻص»뷨
ûպֽеصҾ㲻ȥ
ΪβУҶ跴ʣ·żȻ˵˼仰¾òãʲôأ
Ϊһ᲻ˡ˵誼棬Ҿͻ᲻ˡҶѵףû˻ԼϹĽһ
Ҷһҭ
û뵽̫ӻ˵Ŀŵֱ̫ӣһʱţæң֪Ӧԡ
ٿʱƱ˰أԡ
̹ȻӦ£ȷԡ

ԸҿƣһʱҲҪװ⣬ʵƭˣֻǶ˼棬ұòˡڴ˵֮󣬱ƽ˰ʱꡣɫʮ棺ΪҶǣҵҾҶ

ܷ»档㲻Ӧ취

Ҷſڣֻ̫ӺԼԶԵĴȴǰˡ
̫˵ֱ׳Ҳòԣƫƫ䶼ʮֳϿңҶ趼ЩȰ
룬˵˵ңʲôҲ֪ҲͲЩ뷨ˡ
ҲС
ΪβУ
дʣǲ֪ҶĽֻһն۴񡣡
ҶΣ˵ʲôɵġ
ҶҲֻ֪Ǻ¡
£
誵ĻԼѾûˣԭо飬ѱ˵ûǲֻϲǶ÷ʶô꣬ʶҲ¶ѡ
Ҷ费ָĦŴֲڵҳ룬Ҳûпڡ
˼٣ǰʮദĿҪҲԸٿء
ӻһת˵Ҳͬ¡
ҶãȻ̧ͷ
ԭȶԲȣǶԭȵĻԼãɺ£ŻԼҲû˿ҲΪ䡣ǰȣպٳ¹ʣҲҶί΢΢ЦҶֻ֪Ҫúá
ҶĬؿҲ﾿ж˽ġ
˵˻ȥʾ⣬Ů̶˾µĲ㡣
ЩŷĿζġһһĵģŵǰ˵ϲһ
Ҷ˶٣ɵ´Ӻ˵

Ȼϱˡ
һʣҲһ£ЩԼǴˣ㲻ϲ
ôǴ˵ҶϲһصؽľһգӢͷף԰ɫѳɾ̸ҲˣصѰ֣Ե԰֮Уϧ֮ˡ
еһĽֿɰ͸ŴƤۺݣҶ趢һԭϲڵûôϲˡ
ǾͲϲˡӰӶߣһ̵ķŵǰϲʲôϲʲôӻĵӭµĻǣܸõġ
Ҷݸ
һСζЩƣĳӱǴӹгģеĵȴָһ㣬ǶĿζָƣȶʮˡҶֻһڣϲĲˡ
⣬Ӳ޵⡣
һĳˣŵҶ֪ĸҶ˽Ϊ˺£
ҶӦҪ˵˵ɡ
ҡͷǹĻ¡
ҵĻ£Ҷ辪ȣҵģ
ĸæ˵͵ġ
ʺҶȻס
飬뵽ʲôŵسӿȥ
̹ȻӦ£ңĸ˵顣

ӷˡ
ԸҶ裬ػҲûãĳЩʱҶ񣬿һЩ棬ȴٶ۱׾ĲˡǣЩʱˣҲװŲףǵҪ˰һ鶼ǰˣװ׵ظԼ⣬òӦԣܵõҲҪķӦ
ĺһӣóپһͷ֪תػвͨɴҲֱֱʾûãֱӱԼ⡣
߽ضҶ裬Ҵκһ˿Ӧ
أʣΣ
ҶһƬհף˶ˡ
ߣҶˣÿдºȤˢˢˢۣԽԽˣ

 83 

, ټ, ǳ誡ɳ, ֹ񣬶лԼʱҲδ̫֮, ˵ҲĨǣղ
ǰ̫ӡ
ֻ޲ðԼеⶼ, һϲ, һɻ顯, ҶֻһۣоͷĿѣ
Ʋͷ, ˵ǻҡҶּƣһ޴룬Żȥøֶ˻ʯ, ץԼ½ǡ
˵, »˭һ
, ˵ɶתػ, ʮֺ˵£ҲǸĸ, ɴδйԼ׿˵װס
Ҷ趼Щ, ԼΪҪҶһ͸ǴڼУ¿кüܳĹ±ûء
ıܿ, ȴӱܵĻᡣ
ͣҶϣƬ֮Ŀеɫ仯УٳûлӦֱʵô룿
ҶԶԡ
ð죬ŵͷӦҴδ
ǰûҲԺú롣

Ҷ֪ԼҶ˽һˣ顣̫⣬ҶҲôıӦ
鰮֮£޶پ顣誶»ԼʱСףɼгӦ£ԼҲϡͿġֱ꽥ദѾãվ飬Ҳϸˮѭ򽥽ֱ̫ѸҰԵģ
Ҷ軹룺Ų˵̫ӲŮɫ䵭̫λÿôáҲвŮɫ䵭
ͷ񣬺Ȼһ̵ƵǰҶʶ̧ͷ̫ЦӯӯؿԼ
˵ŵĻȴǴ粽ãˣ

ҶεģҪҺúÿǣҲǲҿǵĻᡣ
ֻ˳ӱģαض룿ӵ۳ѱκӶߣദʫҲ̸ۣ۸飬ΪҲˡ㿴кβɣ
£˲ʡ
Цһ誶»ԼʱСѾǹˣ
޹ϵ¼ҪᣬҲóڡҶΣʮǵͯȻҲԼ
ӱ˿ڣغһ
ǳûãƫƫռȻ
ҪҶûΪǧ𳤴󣬱ᱻҶ˴У˵׼ҶʱҶһ»ԼҲ
ɲһѶϣԥҪĶ뾡취֡ץЩҲߡ
ƫƫôɺϣҶʱҶ趼Ѿ˱˵ӡ
һӣòײŵᣬҲԼ졣
誵ĻԼûˣҶҶ㣬ϲϣ۾ˡ綨£㻹ʲôŻð޲Ѹ£˶֪ҶѾˣõһ
Ȼһʱ벻ҿٵһЩʱ򣬺úÿǡӵֻҪǵã˵һУһʱҲŪ١룬סĿҲֻװơ
ҶܿߣǱң
ֻںú
Ҿܾ˵أ
ҾȡѵһءӴݵǲӦǱòòãᷳұ㲻±պҲ͡ܣ߾ȫ˶ѡ
ǡҪǵ󣬻ǲأ
ҶҲǸ֪Ѷ֮ˡ˵ߵһ˭Ҳ֪ν֪ǰ㲻ǰ̫Ҳˡ

Ҷ谵£鰮֮£ҲᲢ
̫ӵġȡָ㹻Ŀǿռ䣬ҶȻ޴룬Ҳᡣ˸ΣҲԸٿأյˣΨһģǺú룬Ӧ
Ҳ̫ˡ

ҶصҶʱʲôҲûбֳ
Ҷ˲֪԰ʲôܿ뿪˻ʹ
ϻؼҵҶ˲ź޺޵̫ʵڿɶ񣡡
Ҷ΢ɫؾ½ǣ״Ʋʵ̫ˣ
ҲûСҶ˵ɲ֪̫ӾȻ˻ʺ˵飬˵˵Ҫ̫

Ҷһ͵͵ƽ½ǵ塣
Ӧˣ
ȻûСҶ˷޷޵̫ƭ㣬ѵΪֻ񣬴¾ôˣ˵Ÿջ޳ȥµȻҲҪ뷨ǲӦôΪ㡣
Ҷֻʧ䡣
òһŮƫƫô˵ţֻ޲ҶܹóޣһֱԼһúֲǰʮĿǷ˻ҶҲܻˡ
Ҷ˺ܿȵ֪϶ǲԸġûϵ̫ôֵ飬һȥúýѵ

Ҷſڣ󵽵ʲôҲû˵
룺ҲûǺã˵׼Ǿܾأ
˵
˵̫ҲʵǿɶǸúúýѵһ¡ˣûء
ҶеĹ±Żе顣
ߣ̫ӣǸ㶼ˣ
裺װɵ
*
ƼһԨس̫̫~̫̫˵ˣʷʵģȤСʹȥˣ
޵еĶӡߣԨس
ȥʱʵѶةǰһҹͷ
йµŮͬޢʱһģһ꾩
£ϻͯ˽һ¡
*
һĵܵҩ֮ǰſеİ¹ɰ롢ЮĳҰ޵ҧгݵȨˡةж޵С
֮Ůģػ꾩һжˡ
꾩һ׷źܵСѾͷ
ȨĻʵۼίغۿ
ݺȨβ찦̾ʱӣ
Ψйοǣͷة໹ӡ
££ĲţҺôҡ
ʣǡ
#Ʋ˵ƣһ#

 84 

վһص, æһ, ʱꤡĳѾ˷ʢĲ, ӣҶ˵˽յ顣
ռһ⣬ʱʳҲ, ڿͣƬ̣ĬذС¿, ظһ飺ʺҪ̫
̫ӵ˼Ҷ˵ʺ˵, ̫ġ

Ĭ, С
Ҷ̧ͷСغһ
ͻС, ˵Щ飬Ҳ̫һЩվͽһˣؾ¡
ҶſڣʱЩ̫, һ, ĿЩװͰ͵ġĵﶼʵΪ, ҶſȰ, һĵһ΢СԺԲƵ鶼Ŵˡ
, ֻ˵ҵҲСˡ
ôСת, һص뿪ʱ֮УҲ˵, ·Ҳߣò׻Ŷõʱ䣿
ҶĿࣺյ˼ѵڵУӤû𣿡
棬ġ
Ůһգ۳ͤͤߵʱộУ㻹ͯһɰŮʵѾˣҲҪСĺǻ

һܹԼ߼Բ˵ˣҶ費˼ѵ⣿
ʺ̲̫ܽӣվȥһϡлϳ棬̫ҲҶʲô
Ҷ˵˵ͷΪͬ
Ҷҿֻܵͷе
ڶһ磬ظϳһ˹
ѵô磬źȴһǷع֪ʱԼǰ
һҶˣ
Ӧһһѽץסֱӽӳק
ҶҶҶҶҶˣ֣÷ȣҶˣ㿴޹ģǸȵģ±ű
ȴᣬקҲûȣֱһޣȥ
ɫԽֵ봩жʱ˲࣬·ϵ˶Ǳֵģĺӽͷβһ·˹ſڣ棬ͨˤ
лһһ죬ְץ
ʵһʱƤӱѣδȻ鷿ȣһǺ
ʡʡ
ʵ۲ֱ壬ôˣ
̫ȥƺ£
ָʲô£ʵϰΪصǰǻ̫ѹŶ飿Ź˼գֵˣ
û£Ͱ羡ɴײ꣬СһֱˣʵѾ߲ߡðԶһӿ
ȶ˽ʱһƣȻϰȻƤ˶ûܡ
ǶϡһЩʵæӣʣҶ䣬ʲô鷳ˣ
޵Ķˣ
ץţѲãֻܳŻʵ۸Լ粵ʲôҲûſڵʯʨӶûţôҶ鷳飡
ÿ̫ӵĻڿҿҸϳȥ񣬱ȼڿ죬ţԹôƫƫ󱻶ѵҲ
ɻʵ۲ţ򶨹ȷϣʲôҲû
ϣ̫ӵ¡
̫ӣʵͺˣ̫ʲô
ǰʣģȫ̫ģҾǸȵģʲôҸʲôѽң
ʵ۰˰֣̫ӡ£ϲ˵̫ӵ״˵ˣ̫ʱһˮ
ͺһڣ㿴ЩҵһϵҲûУ
ʵֳȥ
ñֱɫ£ʵۿӦ¡
ʵ۹Ȼȳȥ
æѱһڲس鷿鷿ϣվԭ룬Ϊֳһ֮ģæȥȥ̫͸ڷ硣
鷿ڡ
ʵȴǴ֮˷ϡ
µȷ̫ûˣǸ̫ӣúõǸ
ܳɫңæϣ򲻿ɡ
Ҳ̸Щʵ۵̫ӿҵĹǶ֮˽£޹ءŮͷǼеĹίǸ۸ҹĻСӵĵȻˣǾͲ˵ݣֻӵĵˡ
δعʵ۽һɽ
΢ɽڻʵۻûΪʵ֮ǰʶơʵһƺȴһ˴ǰʱ໥֣һʱип֡
һζôȥˣ˴ǰʵЦ곤㼸꣬㱻һֳǰްų⣬޻㵱˵ͣɲ룬Ϊ˰Ȣ޿ɷ˲˼
Ҷ˳֮ǰճ̣ʱҲǧ飬Ȣ˲֪Ρ궨ĸ˫ҵ䣬ƫƫ˾Ϊʵǿ顣
һôȥʵ£Щ˼
ǰǰ㣬ǰ̫ӵġʵۻһת̫ӱԣҲҶǹˣĻῴ̫ҵĹֶֻαһЩ޵ʱҲˣ̫ף޽鶼ҲġٵͷˣȴһĲ¡
˵ʲôʵһ˵棬ҲĬ
괦ѣΪ龫ǣʵ۽Щã̫ҽǼվտҲֻܾʱ䡣Ȼ̫ӳŷֵ񣬿ҲɻʵԹʡ
ʵۿ˴̫һۣ̫ȻŲǰҪ裬ɻʵȴѲ˹ԼţԵ裬һŵ˶ǰ
æҪлȴֱʵ¡
Ƕ˺ڼƽЩȥˣָ㻤̫ӣЩʵ̾һµ飬̫ӣǷĵġЩ꣬Ƕ˰Щȥ߻̫ӳѾãȴһֱûһˡŵ֪̫ӾֺñĹɲ֪ĵжˡ
˵ţмɬŲյ˼ǰҲǸп֡
ǼֵСŮס
ǣʮ꣬òһҲˡʵת𣺡ʮǰ£һֱöԲס㡣ްнУҲһʱ㶪ŮʮÿÿںѵǲޣоǺڡ
޹أ΢⣬ֲûϡ
ʵ˵ƣ޵Ҫֲ㣬ȴֲ֪źá

ۼѹʮ꣬ҵĹһˣͷҲˡǵǻδʱǻ˵ǸԶף֪淢ô¡ʵͣƬ̣˳꣬Уͬܣ˵Ҳʡ˵ˣҲѰʵڲֲ֪źá޵ʱۿžҪûˣûɵ飬Ҳֻи̫ӡ
ʵøƹֵܣҵĹ޵ŮûǰʮĿ࣬պҪúûšʺ˵ٻأ֪ǸõģȻҪһ˼ҡ˭޶ģΨ֪֪׵ģģҲܷġ
ţЩҪŵͷ
ȻĿģʱŵһӻ𣬴ʱȫʧ٣ʵһǰ
ʶ֣Ϊ˰ʵϻλλã֪£ΣҲйأǻʱһ·ߵЩ굽ڸѵá
֮Уǻʵ֮ˣΨһڻʵǰ嵶ˣҲԵ٣һ˰̣Ϊʵƴ£һߣƴٹ⡣
ٶ˷绪ï緢ĵԣתۣһޱȾ˪ףһ˲ʹӡ
߳ʱĿ΢졣
ʵ˵Ҳ޵
ۼ̫ӳ̫ʲôˣʲô飬Ҳֻһʱ鼱ƽҶҲˡ
侲룬תˣҲҪиˣЩ֮УҪҳһõģܹúչ֪֪׵ģǰ֮Ҳܷġ

һ·ܵȥʱ̫ƵĥīС±йȴºá
һۣ͹ȥˣ
ûûءѻеĹ±ͳæ˵˷ŷ顣ɫţôѽʶ֪ˣʿ϶Ҫվڶһߣɲ֪˿ˣһ
ᡣ
ǰһᡭعʲôʲô᣿
Ƶصʲҡ
ΪΪʲôѽίҲ飬ôͲˣǰİӲðװ𣿡
Ϊ븸֪ͨ¡ĥīԱëʣպպıʼڽ׵ֽϻһīݵ֪ڰ˭ء
⣬⡭ſڣĿãȻ̫ԴһʱЩת
ߣ̫ӣҵҲᡣ

 85 

Ҷ˵Ķܿ, ǰӦ, ܿ촻Ҷǰ
СѾ߿ǳ˲ٿͷ, ϻδȬˣһҶ裬һӾֹס, Щ޽Ļݣ㲻ͣĨ, ޵
ҶСһ𳤴, ģ, Ҳۡ
ԭȾͲ̫飬Сص֮, ѵûж˵ûֺãҶӵݸ˵ҵĻҲ۸㡣
ץӣ˲ᣬŲ˵˵Сû, ū, ūΪҪ˵СĻ˵, СԴһ, Щ˵С㻵ˣҲ̫ء
˵, ָ, Ҷ裬صصС㣬ɲ֪, СչĿɲ̫á
ʲô
֪˻𣿡涼˵ǺѻԼˣʵ򲢷ˣǹС飬үԼǳ˵ģЩӣСӹҲ̫á
ҶĹ˼Σɼ˵ĸˣҲš
û˱ȴˣϻδȬ˾ǹ˼ģײһĻųߣ˼ãϣѾ߰ѵһͨҲҺҶȥҪˣȻĻ˼ã֪Ǩŭ
ҶҲ˼ɣϲЩʱշ˵ˡˡǹ˷ˣ˷˱үؽ˷ЩһֱڳءСÿնѧҲˣԺȫһͨСǵҲù˵ƺǺүҪС޸ԥɹСȴͬ⡣
Ҷ˵ǰ棬ѾĿɿڴĹ˵Ϻ棬㡭˵Сҩ
նصͷūԳ˼١
Ҷðûع
Գ˻һ²⣬Ҳ֪Ǹͬ誣ǸΪ˼Ⱦ֮ٸе𾪡
Щ˷˾ûţҶ費˼صȻҡڵˣҲº
һˣ˵ͳԸĨˡƴ󣬿·ǾǶܱסǳ課Ȣ˼к³³ȥãǲã˵ûˣ
Ҷ侲Ҳ侲ˡ
ҲҺǳܵĿ죬ҪȻ֪ôء˶٣ҿС˵С㣬ȻӲȢСˣǲֿԼ޸ˣ
Ҷһع˵Щʲô
С㵱Ӷѽū澶УòǻԼûˣСӾˣǵöϧū֪һϲСģС㲻Ҳ𣿡
Щ͹ȥˣҲˡҶѾû˹ϵպ˵䣬ʡᡣ
ԹӦһ
ò׼Ҷ裬ֻ޲˵һĻҶ뿪֮¡޾ϸȫ˵ᵽҶݣҲ˺ôһ뵽С㾹Ȼ˹˵Ůչ˷Сȥ󣬿Ƿ˺ôƢеİ趼һݡҲҺС㱻һȥˣҪȻūҲٻصСء
ҲҶǷֻҪҶ費ϣֹ˵ȥ
ȴ˵ڸͣʱҶܳŹ±չȥƣȴҶ贽ߺЦĿᡣ
̲סʣС㲻ϲˣǲѾϲˣ
Ҷʼһ٣Ҫܳõֽһɫī㡣
˵ֽŵһߣ򶨵ô˵
ū澡ūҲһᡣͷ
˵С㷽ųģǴǰС㻶ʱСҲǸӣͷ˵Ĳˣɿȴ˵
ȥСָֻ̬ʲôҲûзɫýģķԴʲô¡
ѵˣ

ʺְҶ˽нˡ
Ҷ׼ԼһʱҲӦҲҪ
ˣ
ѾԼһ£ȴδɿڡҶеҪ˵ҲżͻС¼ҲãǰƭһأҪúһġ
ѵ̫Ӳ⣿ʺҲ˵˵̫飬Ҳûǵڣ̫ǵģĻô๤򣿡
ҶҲ֪
ҪȻ̫ӿ˭ҹֱһּͻȥҪŴ˵
Ҳǿ᲻ãʵۻʺַ˵顣ʵ˵һؼҺһǰҲǸп
ֻ᲻á
úõŮŸջصԼߣôͼ޸ˡ˵Ƕ̫Ӳκˣ⡣
Ƿ³ɼȽһҲûб̫Ӹʵѡǰ̽ԸʱҲδ˵ɣǰǾʶΪ̫˵û˵ЩԹ̫ӻģҲʵãҪ̫ӵ£ҲĨǡ
Ҫһźû£ȥ̫Ӷʵѡ̫Ϊ˿ɿ㲻ģҲ
Ҷ˳󳤳̾һһǸ˼ֻҪӦ£Ҳٷԡǵͷ¾Ͷˡ
ʺ֪ǳˣŷģЦ̫û׷ѹҲǿˣͷһؼ̫⸱ģֻ޲ðѹеĹ±ˣ϶ұԹ
±Ҷûعʲô±
̫ÿ͹±㸮ϣ㲻֪ʺ˵ҹʫ飬鷿ңͨ飬ҶôۣصҪ˲ٹ±ȥÿնȥѵЩ±ûҹϣ
Ҷ˸ϣÿһǿʲôûաɻߣֺȻ뵽ʲô
˹󣬱㶼ǰҶȡҶù˵ѾߣҶ˱㶼СѾ߸յϣǺöÿʱҪȥ֡
֣
Щӣп飬żײҶڳ顣ô࣬ҲûҶڿʲôڳʲô
ҶԼʲô
Ź̵֣ص̫ӵĹ±͵ˣ
ѵûУʺƣ̫Ҫ±ʱص˵ǰҪȻϿ᲻ðصЩ±ûУαÿ㸮ܣ
Ҷˣ
Ҷһص˳
ߣҶˣΪһģ˭֪ͳ˸ͽ

 86 

Ҷ˴ӹлԺ, űһҶġ
Сڻ԰ء
Ҷ΢, ׼ȥ, Լһȥ԰ˡĻ԰Ҳ뻨ź򣬷羰ã԰һСͤ, Ҷ賣飬Ҷ˹ȥʱ, ȻһרĿ, վһ԰š
ԶԶ, ҶˣҪ, ȴҶֱ̧һơæͣ˻ȥ
Ҷ˷˽ŲС˹ȥҶУδ˿, ҶվҲû֡
Ҷ, ҶؿŵеݡּЩ, Ҷּ, ΨİҶ˶ô, ֻɨһ, ֪Ǳݼõ飬δ
ʺ˵Ĺ±ʲô, ȻҲԶ
Ҷ˺һ
ȻҶ豻һͷһҶˣͨͨŰæ£ˣ
ʱڶ飬ʱ㻹ڶ顣Ҷߵ£ɫصһ裬ˮȻ̣űյƵش˴ڶʲô飿ôÿ˵˵
Ҷɵر飺һδꡭ
ҶҲֵ֣﷽ſһۣⱾҲδˣҲҿһеҴ඼ˣѵñҳһµġ
Ҷ裺
ʱ鲻ѡҳģҲõֵġ
Ҷæתƻ⣺սʺ˵ʲôˣ
⻰ʵ̫ˣֱʵҶ˵ĿűյƵһڣ˵ʲôȻ̫ӵĻԼ̫ӻҪȢ㣬֪㲻ϲѾܾˡ
Ҷţ˵
Ҷ˵Ļٿڣ˵ԼڿǣЩʡ
˵Ҳǣ̫ƶᣬÿջһ࣬Ҳ鷳صʺ˵ˣ̹̫ܽܽӣպ󲻱ֶ顣Ҷ˷±յʵıʯĳһ졣ɫ˵̫ͶٶҲգЩùʡġ
ҶĲɵӦţʶĦࡣ
ҶƳһСֵֻǿϧˣ̫ӳ֣ǼǺöʺ˵̫ص׼˲ٹ±ǹ˵ȱʲôɹ±Ѱ˵֮ҲҪۼһ˵ǲǣ
һ±֣Ҷʱëֱعץе飬ĿЩŵؿҶˣΨҶ˻ᷢʲôʲôǲǣ
Ҷ¶ȣѵ㲻뿴Щ±
ҶӦǡǣҲ뿴ġ
ģպҵᣬȥһʺһᣬʺӦҲӦҶЦеص
šš
ԱߵĴɫŹ֣СѾ߲زס£ʲôȫдϡ
Ҷ˺Ȼһתʣ˵ʲô
Ҷ輱æתͷȥѡŵҡͷûʲôˣʲôҲû롣
ҶؿһֱۣѴ亹ЩҪ˵ڡھҪŲסʱҶ˺ȻƿĿ⡣
Ҷ˺ɫص㣬пɷ˺ʵѡ
ʲôѡ
ʲôѡҶֵؿһۣȻδķˡ
Ҷŵ˵˵ż𣿡
Ҳ˺ʵˣҲǸö£Щٹ꣬ЩĹӱ㶼Ѿ˻ԼʣµĿɲһáȶ»ԼЩʱҲżҶ˵Ѿ˺ѡȥ̽̽ڷ硣ûУһ
ҶһӻˣҾô²ż
Ҷ˵ƣ˻Լ̫ӶȻˣպҲɷġ
Ҷ룬˵̫ӵҲδ
ô˵ˣҶ˵ˣ̫ƭȣƭ飬㶼ˣ
ⱾҲǴ¡Ҷе飬̫͹±һμŵд˵Ǹ˼󣬳ôĹ±ˡ̫ӵѾҵǸ¾͵ȥˡ
ǺʱǸģҶ׷ʣһֱڼУƽҲǺݼҵĹһѵ̫͵͵ˣ
ûС
Ҷζؿһۣ֪ƣɱ˻ƭˡ
Ҷ豻亹ֱҲ֡Ҷƽûͱˣ̬ȹ죬ȴǻл
˵ţǰˣˡ
ˣϲˣҶ˵ĿڴϣСѾһԾԾ׼ȥӵģԭֻΪСѾСӺöȴˡҶվС㣬ȥ
һ㶣ˣ
Ҷ˿ɲѾſȥˡ
ԥسҶ迴ȥС㣬⡭
Ҷ豧飬ɫеء
òᷢʲô˰ɣ
ſڡ 
ڳͷشһǷƳ˴Ӹ߳æֱ壬һȴҶˡ
һ٣̶ЦҶˣǳģձ˲ٺö
½ղˣ
ⲻĳ飬һƺ̫һЩأҶ˾ͿЩأ治ɫص
ʵ̫ͻ룬Ͷֻһˡ
Ҷεؿһۣʣ±أ
ʲʲô±װɵ⳵ʲôУΨûй±
Ҷ֪ˡ̫͹±ǰ˺üأϲ͹ˣ
գųһ
ˡ
ȻҶ˶֪ˣҲͲΣӳҳһȴǹ±ǸľС
̫ñҶЦصͷҶתˡ
Ҷ˱ǸӣٴС
״һ䣺Ҫ
Ҷŵֳ󵨲²⣬Щ±ȥˡҶһʮֿ̫ó±ҲѰ򶯣±ĶҶҲ¡Ҷ˲£Щ±Ѿȥˡ
˵û̫صظҶûġ
ûҶϳ̵صǲա
̫˵ˣҶ￴ˣ϶Ըաܾæص˳ϣ̬еصҶˣⶼ֪ˣǲҲϴӦҶ޸̫ˣٹЩӣǲǾͿɩɩˣ
ҶûشֻǳĬؿһۣеʮָӣһʱֱ治زƺʲôõ˼ʱٿڣ¶˵æһˡ
ҶЩ˸С
ûȥҶ裬ԼȿôľСвʧ֮Ҷ˺üǸ
ľһչ滭ŵһͼ֬׶ü߼ղ˻˰˾ųɷϣһһʮģԱ߻дһСʫ
Ҷϲ⻭ϻĿɲҶ
ۣ
ԭ֪ʱ򣬶˶Ѿõˣ
Ҷ˰ѻԭⲻطŻȥֻԼʲôҲ֪ľȥҶ衣
̫˵һҪ㣬ﱾˣʵǾܾˣֻˡҶ˵̫ӸʲôҲ
ҶľУһʱ˼ϸ۲ķӦ̫͵ĶǲǸûȥ
ָ̫˵ҪġҶЦ˵̫ôȴͷһظͶ˵㣬ҲĺܡǲԸ￴𣿡
˵ˣҶҲֻܿˡ
ĺܣһ߿һϣպûдǰЩֽҪȻҶ˿ˣʵǲ֪νͲźá
ľյģֻһҶɿɨһۣеʱһ
Һã̫Ӱ»׵ġ
ʲôҶ˵ʱ𣺡̫һ
ǡ
򿪿
Ҷûʲô⣬һչһв룺ǰĶǹ±ջ͵λҵĻ
һ룬ʱƤѣȫչҶѾ޷Ƶ¶˾šæѻºϣҶ˿
ҶѾˡ
ĵص̫Ӹ㻭˻дʫ
ǻһСʫһʫ
Ҷ裺
ҶһʱͷĿѣֻѾ亹
ߣڹлʲô֪̫ӣ迴һܸˣ
*
̫ˣ׽һ׽

 87 

Ҷһ졣
̫һ±, мֽ, Ҳܽʾ֭һںŪȥƫƫûС
̫һͼ, 滭Ա߻һСʫʫд⣬һ۱ܿ
޹ϵ, 㲻Ҷ֪̫, Ҳ֪ʲô˼, ɡȴҸҶ˿
Ҷ, ̫ӳǾʶ֮ͺ޹ϵ, Ҳ̫ӵ׷չ±ҲҶˣ͵͵գ͵͵Ļ, ҶȫȻ֪顣
ڼڹ±͹Сʫ, Ҳ֪˶ٻ, ϰΪ
Щ, Ҷ˶֪
Ҷ亹ֱ̧ͷȥҶʲôӦ
ܲ˵Լ֪, ɷ˵̫ӳһ, ƲϵҶҲ˼Ƶ̫һͷϡҪ˵Ҳ˵һȻ
Ҷ֧֧, ð˵һʵɡ
Ҷεµ㻹ң

ﶼ֪ˡҶ̾һֱߵ˹ַ˷ȻҶš̫ÿʱ˲ٹ±ǲǣ
ҶڨڨΪԼ粵Ҳδգֻ̫ӽ֮ͻȥˡ
㳭˼ˣ
Ҷһҭ
ÿһۻҲһСĿˡ
ֺõؿҶˣСصǲˣ
ҵȻҶû˵ɲ֪ڻʺǰα֤ģ˵̫Ӳް뷨һһֱΪֻ̫ӵһԸûǶ˾ȻҵƤӵ°ȳ²ˡʺ˵𣬻֪Ѿô±̫ӶѾ㻭ˡ
䣬ֻ赶ŪǹɲëʸҲдСʫز˲˵ѾͨҲûаˡ
ҲͷһءҶ͵ǰ̫Ӳġ
Ǵǰʲô
Ҷ裺
ǰ̫ӻὫֽЩֽ֮ϵݣɲȻϵʫ޶١
ϲ̫ӣαҪ͵͵ģҪصҶ˺Σϲ϶ҲţЩͰˣ̫ĻԼҲܰӦ¡µãʺﶼ֪ˣֻҺڹ̫ҲһˣѵΪֻܾɣ
һûáҶ¶ԥ˵̫ӵҲδң˵Һúÿǣҵϲ£ٰѻԼӦ¡˺öգҲ벻ס
ӦһʮҪ飬Ҳܲʡ
Ҷʣк벻ף
ҶֳָЩ±ϲϲ
Ҷͷ
ҶָŻ񣬡̫Ӹ㻭˻߲ˣ
ҶЩ˼ǵ˵ͷ񻭵ļãɼʮģ̫ЩΪģһ˶ԼãҲʮָ˵ġ
㻹ʲôףҶ̾һҲǶ̫ġôϾͷͿ

͵͵̧ۣȴԼСͨ죬ȵŴͣæסˡ
룬ǻˣɻЩ±ҲãҲãӣϲҲ¡Ҷ˶Դидʶǻ֪ĸŮζʾãȴԶԶģʱչʲôǵҪڵùƽΪƫƫ̫ӸĶˣ
Ҷ˵Щġ
ǰ֪ݾˣ׼ʲôҶǿҪˣҲǶĸŮ쾭塣̫ʲôУ̫ӾͬҪɣ
Ҷð˵
˵Ϊǲգ̫ӻ뷽跨һʵ¡
̫ǰô࣬ǴеĶҲǼٵģҪȴҲûпԻʱ̫ӣҪæĵط̫ӵĺյĶˣõôߣ޳ܣ񣬾Ȼ͵͵ˡ
ԭΪҲ̫⣿
̫ӵ²ᣬҴδҪ޸Ҷ˵Ҳ𣿡
ӣһѣһֱȥ롣Ҷͷڷ˳ڼϣģҲǹ˳Ҷ˵ҿ̫ӶָƣҲôԼҲһǲҽûз֣Ҳһֱң
˵ˣҶЩ˼ʶز˲Ҷ˵֣۾ʪģЩֺõؿ
Ҷĵһ̲ˮֻúãҪ߸˿ģҲ˹˼ɣֻܴһЩκһ뷨˵رͷ
ģ͸û㣬㣬ǰʮѾԼˡʲôҲ֪һæҲﲻϣҺѹġ
ϲ̫ӣҾͰѻԼӦ¡ǲϲҾ취ˡ벻ףҲܹǸˣ㿴Щ
ҶСʣ᲻
ɵˣҵȻҲˡ̫ƭ㣬ΥԸǲϲ̫ӣ̫Щô򣬿ϲҳˡ
Ҷ룬ʣ̫ЩҺЩ˵ġ
뿪ʱʲôҲûУҲܰԼԼ⣬ҲѾϰˡ
ƫƫһλ빫ӳǰԮ֡˵ǱɻĶ̫أ½Ӳסϡ빫׿ڶ˵жĺöҪر
֪ԲԣĲЩԸԼãʮָˡ
Ҷ̾һǲˡ
ɬԼЩʱŮһҪôЩ
˼ҵŮ߽ʮ꣬ŮߵӲŶãŸջԭĶѾ˱ϣֻҪ޳ȥˡ
Ҷ˿ŮҶ˼Щʲô
ԭŮ±ͷԼ˵Щֻ
ӣ̫ӦҪԲٿͷ
š̫Ӷǿ죬ͷе㲻ġ
ôأ
ҶƳƳϵСʫЩ±Щ
̫ƭˣ
Ҷģе޷޲ƽ
ô»˱˽


 88 

ҶǰӦ˻ʺ, ֻҪҶͷ, ҲͲٷԡ
ʳҶȷ̫, ҶٲԸҲֻܻȥ߻ʺ
ʺϲʤ̸˿ڣϴ, Ȼٺòˡ̫ӷôûа׷ѹ˽Ϣ̫ӡ
תͷԸһ, Ů̼Ҵҵ˳ȥ
ҶкܲԸ, ̲סԹ̫ӵĶǲ, Ҳ֪ʱ򣬾ȻѾֺα̽ҵ, ٹЩʱգ˵Ҫˡ
ʺЦ̫ˣϰ¶ȫǵҪ, ҶҲӦ
Ҷ˵ɲ̫Ӧ
ֵԼ˵, ϻ˵, Щʱ, 㲻
Ҷ˵˼ԼԶ, ޿ɲô硣
ҶŸһ, Ůôͼ޳ȥˣȻҪ߶һЩʱǡպҶ̫Ҫסڹ, ҲÿնţʵڿҲͬ˼̫λöôˣҲٿһӡ
ʺӦ֪հһҪһʱգЩϴӦѾһˣǰ˵ĵȻҲ̫ӦҲ⡣
Ҷ侲˵Ѿ˼ӡ
ʺԲȣô죿
ſͷ˵ãǱ߶ûʼ׼³̣׵ĵһδô͵ˣ
Ҷͳֽд˺üաʺЦеؽ˹ȥɿ˼ۣúЩԡ
ɵصЩӡ
кβԣҶ˵Ǿòãһȥ
ʺָֽдŵݣݿдˣôԺ󣿡
ʮԺ󿴣ҲֻǶʮһѣͣʵҲ󡣡Ҷ˵ƣҲŸջڼдŵӻû£꣬㲻Ҳúã
ʺȻ
ǾúãûҲð
ʺͷһֽϣҲʲôͷʮʮġҪҶѡ̫һҲȢ̫
ʺɲӦ£ֻ񲿿ʵ
Ҷ̾һۿɼķǳʧ
ӻʺǵ֪ϢӿνǴ⣬··̤ƶˡ
ãһӣֱӷŹǲõȥȥˣһԼЪ˺ü죬ƽȥ¥Ҳ᲻ˡ
ĳӻÿնͣڹſڣͨ˶ףҲ˳Ҳûɾܾ̫Ҫֺδĸ˭Ҳá
һĶ͵ϣ͸ҶĶҲڣֱӹ˴ͽ
Ҷ붨У̫Խǵ⣬˾ԽǾòġ
Ҳع糯ʱ̫ӵʱɫýģ̫ӳδŮˣҲúܲ˳ۡ
ôôأ
˵񲿶Ӳ磬˳Ŷ˵⣬صһһЩӣҪ꿪ܳɻ顣ԭЩ̫һЩɼҶ趼ûֻܽⶡ㲻ѹ¡ȴ
ã꣬Ҳ̫ˡ
̫ϲģ˷ϲ£Ҳˬ࣬糯ϣʵ۵ٹٵ˺üءվȺ֮У˵ĸͿޣôҲŲ˿ڡ
ȥصȥӡ
̫ӵµ΢Խ̵֪Щ΢Ҫһ
ӣ
ɫ΢䣺Ҷˣⲻ̫ðɡ
һصĪҪ⣬ǸΨǿſ¡

üͷ𣺡ѵǵ͵ˣ
Ҫ鷳ӲҲӦֻҧͷ
Ҫ˵̣ʵǳɶҶ׵ҴҲ򲻹ֻ뷽跨㿪һЩʵѾܣɻǱ¡
̫쵹ģŸоˬ٣ֵˡ
ֻӱ̫𣬺ðŻ
վûӹⷬ򣬶ص۵ĵط򣬵ʲôǰˣ̫ҽҲãֻԼҶ޸Լ֮ǰҲǼ޸Լ֮󣬿Ӳȥ
ҪóĽҲ˳ʲô취
ڵڶ͹ȥ͵͵ֽ״
Ҷյصȥ붨ȷϡ
üͷĲ̫ͬѧղôͳҵĴ
дʵÿռʱ𴲳̫㣬Ҳˡ
ҺҶ˵ͷڵڶͻȥֽϣԴǵָһϾ̫Ƥ񣬰Ѻڵ˵ɰ׵ģҲͷһˡ
ӣ
̫ˡ

ǵ˶֪ˣһǧ𣬾ȻһԾҪΪ̫ˣ
˵õϢ׷𾪲ѡ
̫λһֱţ̫ӱΪ֮󣬾˶ͷ̫ӳԺ˼ĸǶС뷽跨̫ӽãҪŮ̫λƫƫ̫ǿ鲻ʯͷʺҲ˵˱ֻܽͷ¡̫ûԼҵĹҲûϱ˼ҵġ
ֻҪ̫λһտţǾһֱлᣡ
֪ǧһͰλøأ
Ƕǧ𣬾˭ϵãԭǳĹھǹŮ֮еȷٮٮߣԭѶ»Լ˭Ҳûɶ֣֮󣬱ϳΪũ֮Ůû⡣
Ҷص˶Ҳûϡ˭ԭйԼ
йԼģûйɵ׺װ׵Ĺﲻ̫һʼעЩ¶ٸߣȻҲҪ⡣
Щͷģ˭ҲûҶϣ˭֪
˭֪ͳ̫ˣ
ǸҵõϢȻ󣬻ߺڲ
˵Ϣ̶ȥҳ誡
Դӳ誰֮󣬵˵ҲûлԭʱһҲˣֻʣۣȥҡ
ڣҵһʵɡ
˳סСԺһ۲һΧĻʱüͷߵ棬ˮɫѿ
˵˵ҪǹĿӣź˶ûУˮʲôõģ
˵Щģɫ䵭
̣˵Ҷ趼Ҫ̫ˣҲˣǲҲûؼˣ
ס̫
ǰû㣬ת۾̫ӡ䳰ȷΪҺĻˣģ
ȴûĻȥһˡ
ĳԳ͵빫ӣҶ󣬴ΪҶ˵һĽߡ
빫ӣʵݲ
ǰôû뵽ء
ԭ˾Ȼ̫ӡ
Ȼ
ԭȻ룬йԺףܱ༸ֵҶ費õ˸õˡ
һ־ˡ
誱ȥȥɡ㻹ǲףҲΪ
ܻ誣㻹û𣿣
ѾڹˡպҲˡ

˼ѧǣѾ߿ϢЩҪȥһʱ죬ͷ䣬ڵˤ˺üꡣ
žһ£ϸϸ䲻ֱϡ
˼һŭǸʲô
С㣬ү̹СǣȻҪɲ׶ԹСصСˤһ룬Ǳӳʱ
˼Ҫ𣬿ֲΪؽµĲŵͷСɼţˤһ͵öӰʱǹСкβȥͺү˵
˼ԭ붯һ⻰ȴҶˡ
ĲɵģӶŷ¡
ҶҪ̫ˣ
Ҷô̫أ
ôǳ誣˺ĻԼѵûȥҶ
ž
С㣬ټӰʱ
˼
ߣʱ
̫ӣʹġ
յظ
̫ӣûġ

 89 

˼˺ü
һ뵽ҶҪ̫, շת, ҹҲ˯, ۱ۣǰ·ܿǰǸҶ衣
ѾҶϳ˺, ĻԼ˹һת, Ҷֳ˹Ů, ҲͰ, 誾ȻĻԼ
˵ǳƺ˻飬, ˼Լ൱һϣֻϻۣôҲʲ
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊʲô˻飿
ѾŬضԳ誺ˣΪγ誻ϲҶ, ΪһҶ, 뾡취ĻԼ
ԭΪ, 誻ȥҶ, Ϊ˻ǰԵ֪, Ҷ边ȻҪ̫ˣ
´, 뵽ҶȻԵأ
Ҫ֪ǵϱӿûʲô̫, ̫ӵǻ˻ʵۣҲһֱյġûҲûʺ󣬾ǹŮʹҲû˭̫λáڣԺҲû̫λá
̫ӵǻҶɾǻʺ󣬾Ůˣ
˼ʵĵȥҳ
˵ûУҶҪ̫ˣ˼ô̫أ
űڿ̧ͷƵôͲˣ
⡭⡭˼˵Ҷ΢Ѿǹǧãֻ˵̫λһֱţΪξͿˣ
λȨأཻƣ̫ӣҲö˵ȷʺϵˡƷһҳ˵˵ò飬Ҳ˭ôͲˣ
˼û䣬ֻǰ˵ģѾѪӿ
ǰԹĵλҶһ̫λãҲǲɡ
ŹжŮѾʮ꣬òһǿɾҪѺöȥǰֻ˵ҪŮʱ㽫з񶼰ԲˣŮ̫֮λҪˣ
Ҷôôأ
˼ҧгݡ
ĵصҲ̫ĻҲ£ԥǸ̫̫һῴǺҲ²ۡպ̫ӵǻǺҲܸŷ⣬ԥ𣿡
̫ӿעҪʵ۵ģ̫ĻǸδŮˡպ˭˼ҲҪҶҲˡ
˼뵽ҶسԼӣб㲻ƮƮȻ
һ˲һˮҲ̫Լ
˼
߷߲ƽصҲŮôô˵ң
ݣǺױȶ˲٣¿һۣʣˣѧˣ
˼
鶪һߣվֻ˵˵ǰջ˲˲٣ԽסǱߣ⼸Ҳ̫ࡣ̫ǵĹ˭̫˵Ҷ裬˱ȣҲһȵϡ
ԭ̫㣬̫ݣѧĶһҲ١̫뵱ʺǺúѧҲǸλá
˼֪˵ʲô˼
͸¶Ҫ޸ԥԥ
Ҫԥ֣ΪԥıǸλáǺŮݣȻ֮λԥǻҲ˳Ϊʺ
ԥ
ӺĽ̫ӵǻԥܣԥǵɻʺ󣬸ûʲô³
Ǽ޸ȼ޸ԥð
˼ĵ˵Ҳ޸ԥǳӲӦǺݣѵҲõѡ𣿡
кβã⣿
˼ֹԥֲӮ
˰֣ɲԣֻϽѧϰǰĳ£ҶѾ£ɱٶ档
˼ЩԸ
³Ҳ˵ãҲΥ˼
ȥֻõɲ԰ų

ﶼڷñôˣѾ֪ˣϻȥʱ˺öء˼ܲܰų˵ˣǺҲûһĸҵС㻹ȥ磬ܲһȥɣ
һۣδ˼˵û˼ãŵ˵ͷ
˷˱ڷ죬˼ųˣɻڳŷ𾭣ÿ˸ȥʳ˼żȥһҲˣ֪˺¡ЩʱչȥҲݲ١
ò׳ȱŹ˼һģס
˼οһȲؽЩʱշ˵
Ҷ̫˷Ҳɫ䣬š
Сȥϯϣ˵Ҷ˺ҶҲҪȥء˼һĺܣһȥɡ
˷ҧӦ¡


 90 

һʫڳׯ, ҶյԺ, дĵط, 㶯ͷ
صʹҶ˼ǵطǰȥ羰ǲȥɢɢģݼҵĹӦҲȥ, ţҲġ
Ҷ貢޲, Ҷڴ, ҲͷӦ
Ҷ˸˲ѡҪҶһ, ţһֱϵ, лᡣ
ǻʫ硣
μʫˣٶдʫҶѧڣǰѾǰ¶, ڸдĸ, ÿ·, ȥҶ˲ö, ֪ʫ磬ŮһҲѹˡ
ҶǷǾ֮Ĺ, ֻ˶˵ޡǰ֪ҶԼŮʱ, ˲٣ǻֻʵظͣݲͬ, ЩȻҲͬ
գҶصض磬ҶˣſһȦҡͷ
á
Ҷ費ͷһԼζǾúĴ䣬˹ӡע֪ԼŻ棬ô᲻ã
ҶҡͷָԼĴѾߣȥȡ
Ѿæȥȡ
ոҶ軹δȺһ򿪣ҲһıʯӨ͸űʯǽ˿ҶƬҲ侫ϸѰԹĵλҲֵǡֻǲʶ˽ӣǴĲʣ
Ҷӣͷϱ˱ȣֶϵѿʼüͷҲУϻɫģΡ
Ҷſڣȥϡ
ѣΣҶ˲ԽԽ⣺ÿ
ҶͷԼм޴롣
ע棬ɴ´Ҳʮֵ͵Ҷ˸׼һ죬
ǲǲ̫ã
кβãҶⲻѣҵģÿ͸ö磬ôҶǰ̫ؾÿǺÿҲö໻ʱ˿䣬ȽǰҲȻһ
ҪҶ˵Ҷģ붨õĳһһֶУúáֳƽʱҲѾΪɺȻһַҲǰһҵɫϣҲᱻѹס޶ף޾
ҶصؽϵĿ֬Ĩˣһ֣ҿ⡣
İ嶨ǵĹһûбÿˡ
Ҷ豻öͨ죬ֻҶһٿ䣬ҲͲòˡ
ȥһةฮҶǰһԼˣҪһȥ硣ڼſڵˣһ޲̵ҲҺñݷס
ɵҶ¶ʱʱס
Ƭ֮ŵһع裬Ҳ̫ÿˡ
Ҷ˵һ佱Ǳ߸
ҶЩ˼ˣģҲǡ
衭˵ʲôɺܿ챻ݷס֪ʱ䲻磬ֻýʣµĻʻȥص֮С
ǸׯӲԶڳһɽ£ǵʱѾв˵Ƕſͣ˲
һͣ£Ȳڹ棬۰Ͱ͵ظųţֱҶŸ˵֣Ҷ
ȫȫòֽͷϵϸһŷĵظ̾ÿն磬⾩֮У˭ܱȵù㰡 
ҶЦ˵ôš
˵ľ䶼ʵ⡣꣬Ȳص㻹Ҫʫأ裬Ҫдʲôˣ
ҶҡͷȻǼʫǰҲûʲô˼
˵Ҳǡ
²ͷߣ羰
Ҷ軹ЩԨԴǻʺĸֳķˣҶ̫Ӷ˻ԼԺҲóƺһĸ
һȥ󣬱Ѿ߹ѰҶҶһȥ
ǰѾ棬ʺǰʮֺƣһҶ裬Ц˳֣ҶԼߣЦ˵մÿ֪й͵ţ
ͣҶ棺˭Ҫ𣿡
㲻ֹ֪˻ͷ㲻֪ǾͲ㣬Ȼˣܼˡ
Ҷ治ѣ˺ܿ飬⻰˹ȥԽǲ˵ҶԽǺ棬в²һҲǳˡ
ʱˣ˲ǰʫ
ׯӽɽ£羰ǵ԰ɽͷׯӵķΧׯ֮ķ羰ҲʮֺÿȺʢţɽҰĿһƬ̺죬԰һͨɽŴ򿪣˽ǣһɽȪɽƹׯӣɽº̲ӳƮ
ʫûׯڣںߣѰںãϯض̧۱ܿ⾰ɫ
Ҷ֣ȵʫ糡زŷſȥѰ
һ£̴չ裬㿴ûУչ˼ҲˣȻ㴩ͬһɫѡ
ҶͷҲأʫˣӦҲյ˾ˡ
˵ҲǡһʱҲԼ̫Сˣ˵ˣ㴩ͬɫѣҲû㴩ĺÿ裬ʫÿˡ
ҶЦЦ˼صҲÿ
Ǳ߹˼Ҳ
⣬ɹ˼Ҫˣ
ţճ֮ǰص׼˺üʫҲصöŷ˿Ƕŷ˶޹ˣʮ˷һ鸰硣
Ϊ˸磬˼صؾ׼ֻΪܹʫһˡڸôãЩʱգҶ軹̫Ӷ»ԼҪҶͷȻҪһô¶Ŀ࿴صػԼõѣֺݺͳ˽ǮųһЩصȥһΣ͵Žչѹˣ
ǰΪңΪ뾡ҲԼδÿΪ¹ٹ򡣽ճǰ˷Ҳֿ䡣
˭֪
ôƫƫҶײѣ
Ҷƽ͵˼֪úÿҲδϣǶ˷ͬһţһŨңȻɫصĸӡЩ
˭֪
Ҷôƫƫվͻһ񣿣
ײˣ
ײѲ£˭ǱѹһͷǲűȽΡ
ò̫ԶҲù˼ܽԼҶԱȡ
Ѿǻؽʮ⣬ջ˲˿ޣɹ˼һҶģ֪ԼˡҲҪָߵͣҶϣЩʯִ۳ɫǾƷҶһԱȣԭù˼ԼʮΣôô̫ˡ
Ҷ豾ĺÿԭˣɽҲĴ磬òʮʮ任˶Ŀһ£ʮֵòʮֵĺá
ߵС㻹С˵һƣҶСմͬһɫءÿ
˼
˼еӶ쳶ˣһѹ˵ΣյʫɲǱ
СƬ̣С˵ҶСĲѧھ֮ҲʮֳʫҲǼõѽ
˼
ˣ
ʫ˲ˣҶķͷʢһòˣʫ绹δʽʼ˱ѾСˡ
˵ģ̫顣
˼ЩĽἵʡĹŮ֮Ув̫֮λ뵽ȥȻȫҶ裬Ҷ裬һʱͷҲ̫
Ǽ޸̫ӣҲһܹĺѽ
˼ڶУ⻰
ǰҶ輴̫ô̫Ĵ
˲֪֪
ֱ̫ǻԺֱ֮ǰδйҲûлʺ˶˵ʵ۲Ůɫ
ǲŮɫλϲҶأ
̫Ҳһã˵̫ܹвòӦ¡вȣ̫п϶Ըպǻˣ֪δĥҶأ
̫ӿɲǸˣһʱպضҪٱǧıѵҶ軹ôõŮɫ̫ӶΪߵɣ
аοԼһһƽ˳侲˲١

ׯ֮⡣
һͣ£ϳĳ򹧾صӣˡ
ׯһۣһԿȥ
ׯſڻͣŹ֮Ȼá
ߣȫڵһ죡Ҹ
õ˽ĵһȫڣ
оԼѾͿˡ

 91 

⻹ʫ, ò, , ҲԼԺգĻǲѧǷڡ
ҶѴǳʫ, ¥ÿһʱͻᷢʫ, ڳ˶֪ʫ绹δʼ, вѾĿ䵽ϡ
Щĵ, ˼ˣбһ, Ҫûѹķͷ
ҶԴ˻Ȼ֪ˣҲûзϡűҪӽһЩ
յˮʫˮ, Ŀֽܳ, ۳С, Ѿߴη롣ˮС, Ʈߣʫ, һС, ˶
С٣ĿҲ廨ţвٱˮʪ, ;㸲εϵɻв٣ǵɢĺ沨ԣСǺӼ䡣
һԾԾԵĹŮվ˳ʰһֻչĿ
ĿƺЩѣһӽסվԭ˼
ЩȲģҲԾԾԼȥ̣ʣµԭλƷׯϵĲ㡣ʫ磬Ҳ̫࣬еļ߾ºã뿪ȥͻׯӵһһƬһ񿪵ã˺ȥ͡
Ҷ½ǣ裬ҪҪȥʫ
Ҷ򶨵ؽĶ˵ǰż
ҿǱ߻úã㲻ϲһ𣿵Ȼһȥ߷羰ôã㿴ˣǲرҪд£Ҫдʫ
ҶЦãεøסͣû˵ʲôר־ȥʫ
ϲѧԲȡҲͷһأԽֱƴѧϯԽϲҲʮרעʱǱʫҡͷԡ
ȹ˼ǰʱԴȻͣ
𽫿е£Сѣ裬˼ȥˡ
ҶԿһۣһ´
Ź˼Ŷŷ˶飬ŷ˵̹ģҲ֪Щʱչȥ˼ûг١
ҶЩϲдʮֳɫʫҶҲܴĵ
Ǳߣ˼һСչ֮󣬱˼֮С
̲סյ˵誵ĻԼѾˣǲҪڽ¶ҪΪԼıһ£
ҶָСαعأ
룬Ҳˡ
ôſٮٮߣҶ˳誣ܼ޸̫أ˼޵ٺãܸ߹̫
ֻһ뵽Щü䲻ԼȴҲʹĲˡ
Ǳߣ˼Ҳʫĵȷֵٿޣ˼Դкǵ⡣ص˷ߣСʣ㿴ұΣ
˷ЩѧĲһܴͷ
˼е⣬ּⰴס˲
Ŷŷѧôãɶ鲢ܷһǧʫǱȴǰ˲٣ò֡һأԾǴӼ֮һЩ
뵽˼̲ס̽ͷҶǱ߿˹ȥ
Ҷ豻˺üأεվȥ
Ҷ˼ˣҲ̲סЦ˳˵Ҳ£дʫʮģӦҲܿˡ˵ʮ񣬴ǰĲѧҲǶġ
ҶԸǸˣĸŮȻˡ
Ѿ߿첽߹˶С˵˼䣬գЦ˳ϧˣʫˡ
ô˵
˰Ѿ£Ҷ˵͵ˡ
Ҷüͷ˳Ѿ뿪ķȥȴһСһϪˮΣЩСǴǶ롣
ϵֽѾ˼٣ʱµС˳ϪˮѶ£ҶߵʱмλŮֽǰգҾڼжҶСʫдʮġ
Ҷ賯ЦЦ档
Сֽ۵뾫£Ψм۵ŤŤģǱʱҲЩ״ªСϡһֻСƵߣεײŰߺɫҶ
ֽչȴֻдһҡ
Ҷȴǿһ㶡
ֽϵּȴĺܣÿո͵͵еֽ
ѵ̫ˣ
˵Ĺͣѵ̫ӣ
Ҷ΢Ҳûֽ£Сպá
ҶСˣ
Ҷعϸϸ˼һһΪһʫ
˿˺ü䣬ҶȴӦҴһصλϡ̼شǰҾ֪дʫһرã
Ҷ躬ӦһĿֱϵһµ˹ȥһ״ԵĿζһֻôһ뿪ʱϻû̵ĵġҶʶǰһƣǰûС
Ķģ
Ѿģ˵ָģҲҶû⣬ϻвġ˸ġ
Ҷȴô롣
ģϸ˿ŷУȻζҲʮϤֱӶӣһ̵׵ֽƮȻ¡
ߣʶһδع㷢ǰһֽѾʧˡһ£̧ͷȥȴҶɫ򶨣ʲôҲûֻ˫߬ýġ
ɣ裿ôˣ
Ҷ裺
һһУͷԵĵʱ򣬲͵͵ͳֽ򿪡
Ȼӵּдţ
̫ӹˡ
Ҷ£ֽ֣С
Сʣ벻ȥһ
ãȻ̧ͷ
һ
š
ʫ
ٻҲ١
룬Ǻðɡ
Ҷ賤һһ뿪
ҶǰѾ߸ܳ͹ʫҶʫϸ̧ͷʱҲЦ⡣ҶԶԶҶǱ߿ȥ˵ʲôȴֻҶ뿪ıӰ
Ҷˣ
ȥķһƣһƬ֡
һЦе˵㿴ˡ
Ҷˣ
˼ҲҶʫӵս֡
˷һԵĪţĲѧȻܱҶڣֻҪٶдʫȻӮ
˼Ҳ뷨
֮ǰ׼֮еʫһأҪѹҶһͷ
Ǽʫ˭Ҳ֪Լ鵽ʲôĿҶĲѧٺãʱܹ鲻ɫͬʲôĿ׼
Ҷô⣬ҪҶóĵطѹһͷ
˼⳯Ҷ迴ȥѾ׼һҪҶֳߵ͡
ȥʱǱλȴǿյģһҲûС
˼
˼أ
ߣûȫԼͲˡʬ

 92 

ȥͻв, Ҷ֪ӻܿ, ֱַΧ֮, ֻֽдȴδ˵ںδ
Ƭһֺܴ, ͻҲ٣ۿȥ, ƺĸڡҶ迴һȦ, ȴûӵӰ
Ȼ, 裬ÿ㲻ϲһ𣿵, ǲҲʫ˴󷢣
ŲѾһʫˣҶ費ʧЦʫˣĻ߼ðôʫ
Ҳ֪̾һ
Ҷһߣһ·˲, ˴羰, Ӣͷ, ˲ٻ, ĿǷң˵Ҷ, Լʫ˶ðˡ
ĥһ, 뿪оӣѾ߿ҶС㣬С㡣
һ볯Ѿ߿ȥ
Ѿ߻ׯѾ, ҶҪҶСȥ
Ҷ΢֪ѾӦ̫ģҪӦ£Ⱦס˭Ҫȥ
⡭Ѿ¶ԥ֪ò˵
ģӾ裬Ҫ˵ʲôҶ½ǡ
ҶЩ˼صӦ̫ӵ¡

ǿˣҪŹɲҪһͻΪ˼̫ӵ£̵Ҳ̫͵ģһζֽҲĴ
˻Լ֪Ҫ˵õĻأ
Ծôţ̫׼ʮ׵׼˲ˮģһʱ飬ҲġҳȴԽԽþ
̫ӣͰںͷˣ
ӽճվһ磬ǰ빫һģһվһ£̧ͷϻ֪꣬˶á
Ҷ̲סʣô
ȻΪ˼㡣ת̩Ȼ㲻ҲȥҪȴǰѣȻҪ뷽跨Ѱ㡣
ӼҲ鲻Խ¶
Ҷ裬ÿش綼ʮţ׳ϲôδ˵ĸҲǳȼ򵥵Ĵ磬ⷽͷɽȴͬ
֪ҶúÿǰȴδòΡֱգ޴׵ɫݽޣ˼主һϣü鶯۲תõĿ֬ƽﻹ֣ɫ󣬱ɽҰ껹Ҫۡ˵ԭŮ߲ʽձŮ··֮ãȴԳ
ӺɫҲ˼֡
סҶ˫ۣԼе
£Ҷգգۣ˳Ľëɨģȴָ΢һֻʶĦһָָϸĴҲ˹ҶȻʣ£ôˣ
ʣôⷬ磿
ҪġҶ򴽣ܵȵָԼϣƽʱɴδ׽Ҳù֪ⷬٶΪ⣬ǹԹͷ۾˵˵ÿ
ţÿ
ÿһǰӡ
ϹΪޣãֻҹλշתߡζʱҲֹסвͷ
賤ѰΣҹħţ֪룬룬֣Ĳɼ
ֻѹԼͷԣ˵ΨߵС̫֪ҲԣԣҶƣ£磬ҲȾ
ֱ
һأһһӵϹδޡǰͷȽ˶£պҲ⣬˰ֻᡣڣҶУ˳ɡ
·ǰЩеĲеͷ㶼Դ󵨸ж
̫ãҶɻ£
ջ֡
Ȼؼ⣬Ҷ軹Щ̫Ӧʶգգۣųӿȥ
Ŀγһ˿аȴӴĵ׾顣ЩͷҲҶעг||ذ֮£ݣԲλࡣ
̫ˡ
˻Լɾ˳ɻ飬ҲҪһʱ䡣Ĵ컹δȥҪȵ꿪ſԡ
ʱҲ̫ˡ
һƿĿ⣬ô֪ˡ
дֽѵһϲּ𣿡Ҷ䴽ִͳһͰ͵ֽô£Ѿһֽ
󷽷óЩա
ǼֽȷڵҶʱԶۣѧղ۵üΪªƤˮ֮УҲŻᱻҶͷɵˣֽģԵ֣Ҷǰˡ
̬ªЦˡ
СֻֽΪĿȻĿѾ͵δ;ˮУѾһҺôҶµ˼ҲѾС͵ҵУѾȫʹһֽҲŬܹЦء
Ŀؿ˵ǺôǺô
ֻҲԺ󣬱㲻֪ۻȥҶС˵ɲԽң
һ١
Ҷ޹ؿĿ֮ǴȻڴв⣬ֻΪѧֽ
ӴнӹּֽˮʪȾҶи͸ֽȼۺۡ
üصس㣬ңȴֻҪЩ
ԭʲô㣿

ûС
ֻҪҶ裬ŽҶ磬̸ϹҶ衣˶ѡ
ҶЦȻˣкβأ
ӣѾֽţְֽҶѧֽ
Ŀɲ̫ϸĳƷҲŤŤû˸ȥ壬ֽҲֻһС󴬡
ӽ̵ͷ󺹣Ҷ軹δ˵ʲôѾ˺üѧǿ죬һͨΨһСֽϣȴԳֽű׾Ҷָֻۣɣ̣Լ˳ü䣬ӷ֣Լֽˡ
˵Ҵǰۻġ
ӣ
ֻðѾ߽ӲͷƤѧۻ
̫ף࣬ûվ˼ֽϡֻæҵģҶ̲ס͵Ц
԰ֽǰһƣƹˤҪֽʲôҪϲɽĻ㣬ǰαؿٵģ
յѵüһأôܽ˷Щֽϣ
Ҷ°ͣΪܣСҲѲ㡣
תͷȥǹң
Ҷ貢ֻĿӯӯؿ
ûзϣǵȷĬˡ
ӳĬΣֻ
ҶѣܲС¶첻Ҷǰɣ
Ǽ仨
ܵҶ֪ҪʲôΪŪ

˼ãҲûȵҶ
ȲסˣԹ˷˵߿һ
˷˽̸Ҳδ˵ʲôӦ˼Ҷȥһ·һֵķȥˡ
ߣµĵһ죬ȫڲ㷭оǸ̫õĿͷء

 93 

˼һ·Ѱһ֮С
һֺܴ, һЩ, һʱҲҲҶںδһ, ĿǷ|ɫվżˣȴҶ衣
˼һȦ, ûҵǸɫӰ
ĹŮ·һк˼, æʣˣ
Ǿͻ, Ҫȥ߿ʫˡŮصСǸչ֪Ǳʫˣ
˼, ʣǿɼҶ
Ů΢΢üͷ˶һ, ׻˵ˣǼҶСС
˼۾һæ׷ʣǿɼȥ˺δ

ŮƬ̣׻Ǹָ˷
˼Ҵҵлæ˳ָķȥ
Զ, һ˲ŵСҶС, Ҳ¶˻ìܣ
Ůҵׯӡ̫ӵľĸ, ˼Ҫʲô, ҲһЩܲ⶯˼ɣ
˵Ҷ, , Ҳ鷳
û·ϣ˺ߣʫ, ҲȥС
˼һ·Խߣ˾Խ١ģӰˡ
һ·ûҶӰ֪ȥ˶ãֻ߳˺óһΣҲԶԶġ˼ҧҧҪתȥԶмѾ߼Ҵҵ̿첽߹
Ϸŵģдߴ㣬ҪҶСġ
ʫҶСֻһǾֻҶˡ˼ǰһæȹȥ
ԶԶںͷЩѾֻ˳·ҲδòԡһֱѾߵһ˴һñΧҪӷܣɫҲǺÿڱ
˵ׯĻ˼´һۣʵŰ°͵ÿ
СĪ֣˽ȥصС·ˣ˽Сͻȥ
ܽ˼ɲš
ǼСѾߣۼǼСѾ߽˴˴ǼСѾ˵ģҶҲͷΪֵͲܽˣ
˼˼תһȦ˵ġ
ˣ
Ҷͷ˼˵Ƕǧġ
⡭
ԥͬһۣ˵ҶСȷͷСԵƬ̣СĽȥͨһСȥ
͵͵ģҶô
˼æס˵ҹ˵ģϲңѵ˵ĻҲˣҲ˽Ŀˣѵʲô˲ɣ
˶˳ɰΣÿ
˼ʱ⣬ͦ˽ȥ
ҪҶǵʲôطȻ˽ѲɣҶҪ̫ˣߵĶñ˲ɣ⻹ûأѾˣ
˼ߵͷûҶ裬ȴȼҲʵϰ˵ģֿɵãͷһڶԱ߻кüѾߵź򡣹˼߹ȥ˵ϵ̧֦ͷ
˼ʱô
˼Ҳգطѵֻ׼׼Ҳ·
ɲĻͷҶһ̫ӣ⸽Ȼͱ˱˿Ҫ··ģ
վʲô
뿪ôãҰŹˡ
ͻҲֹǶˣ˵ҪˣҲӦѾαҪǰɲױƭҲǺ㣬ĵطǱ˷ˣʱû˰㡣
˼Цôһ˵ҸˣʲôطҶȴ
赱ȻպҪ̫ˣҲĳǳɰϵҲûС϶׷ģǲǣɲ㣬㻹ǻȥɡ
˼ȴ
ĿԽȥԶԶģԼǿһɫӰڵĵطȻҶġ
ֱֲȥ
ѽƵһģѾ߷һ²ס壬վʱ˼Ѿ˺ü˼ʱˣæѾߵǵǰסѽ
ѾŷӦæȥ˼
ͷĿ̫ӵ£Ǿ̫ӵ£ǿɳԲ˺ùӣ
Ҳ֪Լ˶ٻأ۳һĻͣʱҲһ
ֽѾ˵һߣĽǶѳ󴬳ʰˣ̫ӵӡ
Ǻˣӵ⻨Ҫģ
Ҷݸ̯˫֣Ƕֽ۵Ļ䵽֮С˫ǰϸţǿþˣЩĲģÿɰ
ϸƬ̣Ҫġ
ӴֻƺʮϲģŷѵЩ࣬һҲʮֵˡѾ߶ؽЩʰˣһûż䣬ʱ־ԼԼǹЩѣ˷Ѿ
һֽʲôӵϲպڹ԰ϲʲôҾȥѰǵǹУоֻҪ룬ǺδҶȥϡ
Ҳ̫ʦڡ
滨棬ɵҲֹһ꣬԰ов١Ѱ껨ˣѵռ˱ˣӵҵ˵һЩҰЩ¡Ѷ˻ԼպǷޣǷޣãܣҲ쾭𣿡
Ҷ򴽣ǽã̫ɹ̣ͷɽҶ޷ڱչһֻҪһ㹻ˡ

ֽ࣬ɾ꣬㱣׵ֻٹЩ꣬ӰӶҲš˵Ϊ̫ӣóֵֻһֽ̫ʧ棿˵ǶҲŹҡ
Ҷ裺
̲ס粵ҵȡ֮ˣ
ǲ㣬αǶ˼棿ؿһۣţҺαҪܵصضҶˣй
Ҷ˼ˡ
Ҷ˵ĻǶ䶨ףɵ׻δţŮб̫͹ˣȴѽšЩʱҶҲ֪յ˶ţ޷˵Ļͷдˣһӣͷһؾ̫ʵڻࡣ
ҶǿŽͣ˵ûҲûе
һҲңӴսƳϵıʯƫƫȻװһģݸֲΪҶԼϲʱϲѹ£ֻҶҪ㣬Ƿ񻹵㣬һң
˫նܵ˽ȡ
Ҷ費̫ϰеĿǾʧ룬ң֪ӦԲźá
¶ǵĻ̫ӵһҲ֪
ҶҪڣ˱һ˲Զ볯Ǳ߿˹ȥ
ҶķӦһЩ̵վǱߣȥ˵ҲηӦ첽ǱȥӰŻЩĶӡ
ӣ
ſڣȴֻܿԽԽԶ
һǸ۵˵ŭȴֻܽѹ¡
Ƕ𣿣
Ҷϱ컹δ£ߵýˣǹ˼ִһҲ˲æϹȥһѡ
۾ӶͨͨģͲҪһҶ裬ʱﲻסˣ˱죬վҶȥ
ҶͳӸᣬſ˼СΪ
˼ԽĵطҶ֮ǱȴһɫӰҲ֪Ǹ˭
˼ջߣȴΪβ
ҲµûСʱӦҶɲ̫ӻҡڵعС˵òԣɽ˽йһ
㡭˼һԭȵĽڣ뿪̫ãǹġ
ȻѰˣΪβѾ
·˴˵æѰˣҲУ
ҶЦЦȻԡֻҲȥطӰҲ֪ΪҪѰң飬Ӧ֪£αҪѰ
˼߳ŭô㲻

ҶΣ˵Ҳ֪˭ȡ
ֻǹ˼ȥҲͷһˣҲö룬Ҳܲµ˼Ϊڴ˴˵Ǽڣص˹
ǹСĵطС㻹ǻȥɡ
˼һ·⻰飬Ҷ˵ôô˳
㵹ǺôĿ˼õصΪԼҪ̫ˣˣҵׯӣ˵̫ӶףҲˣҿطҲ޲ͬ˵ˣƬҲǽ֮أ˵ҾͲ
ҶɫҲǺȰǹС㲻Ҳûа취
˼мЦһѵ⻹ֻȴĵطΪβƬֶΧ˲˽ҵׯӣ˿֪
ҶסԼظһ飬־ʮֺЦСη
ֻҪ̫ˣ㲻˷ˡ˼°ͣɲԼһͷΪҪ̫´ˣѵ̫Ӿܿ𣿡
Ҷ裺
Ҷ˵ѵ̫ǰѾ˼ֽӦ»Ǽٵ
˼ȴ롣
֪ģ̫ӲŮɫһֱû󣬺֮Ҳյġ̫ӲŮɫôҶ裿
йڣڶϣ̫ӵ㶨»Լ̫ҲΪйڣɲ̫ĸԸ
ҶɫŹ֣ʣЩСǴģ
ôѵ˵ˣ˼ЦȻᣬҲӦСʡ̫̫ӷŭҲǺȰ㣬ҪȻɲ֪³Ρ
֪ģ̫Ӱ¿ɴӲĴȵǻԺҲʮֹϣ˿ģǻʵι˴µĴ󳼣ûһĵġ
ܶȺѹ󣬿ź󹬣ȴвҪȢ̫̫ܹ޾嶨ˣŹҶ裿
Ҳϧ˹˼룺ǰӣһֱǷģʵáҶʣ˵׼ʲô³أ
붨ô꣬òһȴһǻʱ򻹲֪أ
Ҷ迴ĿȴԽ֣䲻֪С˵ʲô˵ҵĻԼǴԼ޻̸֮
ѵû̫Ӷף˼ʡ
Ҷףʵ
˼Ц㻹˵ⲻǿڹϣ
Ҷ裺
֣ҲûʲôԷô˹˼ĿУĴȴѵŵ̫Ĳɣ
ô֪Ѿвϣ̫Ȣˣ
ҶȻôµһҪ̫ӱȢ
˼Ѿ϶ʸȨ˵ٶҲûãϸЦֹȰ㻹ǶЩ׼ʡ̫պ㣬㶼
ҶҪڣһº˵Щ
תͷȻ̫ӳվԼһɫʱأ˿һʶҪͷ
˼뱻һɫס
Ӿõ˲ֻԼѰȴһ仰뵽ԼûעôһҶǰ˵ȽŵؿҶһۣҶϲɫųһӲݵسŹ˼ȥ
ĿɭȻҽ
˼Ѿôˡ
ǰݿͦΣ֮֮ɫĳҲضãǣվǰ˵ҪѹһͷǾþλȨƵƣԶǳһ󼰡
˵Լ˭
̫ӣ
˼ͷһؼ̫ӱˣֻǰ̫ӻʵɴδ㿡
Ҫ˵ʲô̫ӳ俴б֮еǰᣬֻһͷൽŵףʱʲôҲ˵ˡ
ȴǵǣû״£˵˵вƲѲȢģ
˵ڣֻԼⱲӵĵˣ
־ã͵͵ҶֽҶģ̫ӦҲ紫еǰ㲻顣֪Ҷʲôˣǻǿ֮ˣ˷õģ
Ȼ˵̫꣬ӵɫȷŻҪе⣬ȴǳֱŹ˼ȥ
Ŀ絶˼ѾǧС
ӳԼǹҪ󣬺һ˵
˼ɫɷףʲ
ŸſڣȴȻʧɴ۾ŵؿǰ档
̫˵֮󣬱תͷҶ衣ʱ̫ɫޣһתͷ˵գʧ٣Ҷϲ֪ʱµĻ꣬ȻᣬĿᣬȴСԴ䱦
˼۾۵Ļ񱻷ˣֲǰطţţҲòš
̫ӶҶ˵˵
˲٣񻹴żСҶ裬ΨҶ
һͷͿɲҰСĽزԼצؽԼװһֻ˳èӣֻ˹һ֪ԼҲƤɰ
Ҷ衭
һ̬ϰΪ
˼ֻԴһͷĿѣЩվҲվȡ
ģ
ߣ̫ӣŭǲ뺦ң

 94 

˼ԼӦ, , ôۼ̫, ׶̫˵ȢҶ裿
̫ôȢҶ裡
̫ѵӦòŮɫκ˶ٴɫ𣿣Ĺ, ˭ûж̫λöģЩŮôŬɶ֮лǿյġ˵Ƕ, ĺҲǿյģ
Ժ, Ҳ˵ٷԷ
Ⱥʵ, ʵȴʱؾżдҪ, Ҳ޷óԸ˼̫һʱ;òܡǹ˵ͨϻʺ󣬶̫һᣬ̫ӴӦ, Ůɫ̫ôȻҶ趨»Լ
Ҷʲôõ, ̫ӹʲôԻ, Ȼ̫ӱô죿ôŮ, ƫƫŸջص̫Ϊߵˣ
ƫƫ
ƫƫ⻰̫׿˵
˼ǲš
ҲǼӼʶֶ̫ΡԥԺ, ԥʧ, ЩԺȻҲùֻձԥǸүɹ˼ԥ⣬Ҳܹ, ̫ӡ̡
˴
ֻǽҶӺߣûԼӵеĶΪξôı仯
ҶݣһУ뿪֮󣬱һũŮΪԽԽ⣬ҵ̫ǡԼ̫ģ
˼һڵ̫ӵ¡
תͷ
˼ĸһòΪһʧ
ǵ㲻ִ֧ŵӣҧӭ̫ӵߣ£Ҹǳ
תһȦӱݣ˼ҵģ
ǡ
Ǹǧ
ʫ֪֮λСҲһرĻֻλǧ˻ȴûкúãЩͶȡ֮£˱˵ʫΪԼȴǸǳ֪ĲݰΨһһ£ϻغҶ誵ĻԼ
˵СΨƣ֪ǻЩһһѾ¶ԭϣЩ飬С󡣿ɽȴðԼǰ
֪㡣㳭˹µ̫ʫ
Ҷ費ɫؿһۡδ޹ȥƲ̫ġ
˼ɫһס
ȥãﶼûˣʫʱ˻ڿˣô̫ӻǵã
ӷǵǼǵãǵʫȣŴ鷳̫ǰ˵»
ǵģ˼ż⣺ŮֻǺȰҲһΪҶС롣
Ϊ룿һۣ㵹˵˵Ŷµ̫˵Щʲô
˼һҭȴһҲ˵
㲻˵µҲ˼䡣Ƭָ꣬˹Ū˵ǱȣѲȢһգǹµ
Ů˼ҧǿڹϡ
˭˵ģ
˼һҭ
㣬˭˵ģ
ŮŮԼġ
ƾ޾ݣſڴƻƣ˵ģɿ֣ƬƮȻأ仨һֱ˺زڽ¡ֱ֪ײ䣬Ҳˡ
ҶһҲǳ
ӲɫزҲҺùµ̫ûѧЩ
ˡ˼Ůֻ˵˻Ҳ¿㲻
ӹ˹ǣĿ¶͵ʫΪ
ǡ
˼ޣԼǰΪβһЩƫƫץѱ
Ŵ˴Դ

̫ǰҲ㣿

£ȴ֪ڸġӶ˶٣ӦҲδǸ
ʲô˼һʱûӦɶź˪ߣֻ󱳷ë֪ʶ̫ӵ˼Ϊ˵˻
⡭
˵Σǰֲ֪ҶôôСҲͷһ˵ˣƾʲôҪҶǸ
ҶĿ΢תͷ̫ӿȥʲôҲû˵̲סǰ˵˻裬ҪǸġ
˼ҧ¡
ȴһ̧֣мǰһڣǲҪס
˼ҶҲҲ̫һβӣĵҪҶͷֻһˣֻΪƵͷ
˼ҧһǸ
С
˼ɴ۾ʲô
ʫ飬ɵǸˣ
ô֮ǰˣ
δ˵ڣ̫ӵǷ˵û˵һذɡ

ҶǸۿŹ˼ɫŤȴֻǿѹţòͷЩҲг졣
ӣ̫ӵվǰӰСҶ䴽ǣҲӡ
˼ڣҲҶǸˣҪ뿪
ˣ͹Сһ̡
˼æл£߲ԶŮԼܻȥ
ߣӹ˹ǣԸѹСͳׯӣͻس
һӦ£̱Ҫץ˼
˼ϴӦ̶㿪ҪץԼæ̫ӵ£ǰ磬ỹδӦҪغߵġ
ʫ磬ֻһʫǰô׼δóأôô뿪ˣڽʫͷأôôˣ
²㣬Ҫ뿪ʲôԣ
˼ɴ۾Ŵͣȴ޻˵
˵ʲôԣ
˵ҵׯ
ǻʺĸ壬ҵ˻Ҫ̫ӵĻأ
ɲϻô࣬˼ݣҲȴñӲĵʵǰߡ˼һģͷΪԼ飬ȴᣬĵкǰ벻ߣȴǲ̧˽š
Զ֮ǰ
α»㣬Ҹ״ǣԻͷ̫ӵͣаֶʱı䡣»ҲѾͷ˸߾ˡ
˵ȴǿĻ 
óоȻҲֵһᡣ
˼֪ĵ
̫ӣպҪʵۡҶ̫ԺҲҪʺ
Ҷǰʱ˹񣬾ֻбߵķˣ
ߣ׽
*
̫̫ġةҵСӪҺжӪҺȥͶһ£ڹϹлл

 95 

ѹ˼֮, ҶŲѾȥ˲ʱ
̫ӵҸûȥˡ
üͷ, Щ̫ͬ
˵, ò׼ҶһأȻܴԽԽãǰΪֽѾ, Ҳû˵䣬й˼šò͵ǰ, ˵û˾ûˡ
Щģʱ, ٶЩʱҲ١
, Ѿ˺óһʱ䣬ٲȥ, ҪˡҶӦҲˡ
Ȼᣬһ£Ҳæ˵ͷ
Ǵʱ鷭˴룬ʱ, Ѿȥá
Ӱ, ԼȻΪֽ˷ʱ, ҶҲ, ҲֻӦ¡
˰Ҷ軤ͻȥԼȴ, Ĭע뿪
Ҷ費ͷ, ·ܲΪʵʵעӡ˽Ųж˼ֺڡȥҶҲ֪̫Ӵһ
衣һΪ̫ӵ»ء
Ϊô˵Ҷ贽𣺡Ǹˡ
, ҵ˵ġ
̫ӵӡ󣬶ةࡣةʱڼ£̫ӶпޣҲϵĵطʱة໰̫ӿɾͲǸʲôˡ
˵Żۼһվ̫ǰһ仰˵ˣֻ̫ӱ¡
˵ҶҪ̫ʱΪҶˣ㷲Ψ̫ǿȡᡣʲôãֻд£ֺãʲôˡ
ҲҺãۼţ̫ӶҶ̬ʮСģûа֮ģĿ뿪ء
ǡ
ѹΪ˼ڶȥڶãڿ˵˳̫ӵôǸ빫ӳһģһ
ҶЦ빫ӡ
Ϊ𾪡
̲סͷһۣԶˣҲ̫ӵӰˡתͷص裬̫ǲϲˣ
šҶЩ˵ġ
˵һ顣
һ飬ԺٶıѾãб
ſڣһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ

˻ȥ֮󣬶Ѿвʫ˳һصߣȲѾҪʫ
ԶԶģŶ˲ЦŶҶ˵ƣⲻͻˡ
Ҷˣ
ȥʣ̫أ
̫ӱΪˣ˵ѾˡЦǶѵüһأΪ˶㣬̫Ҳ˲ٹ򡣡
ѾߴҴ߹˶С˵˼ʲô꣬ϵЦһӵ
߾˰ɡ
Ҷ˺濴ȥδʡ
ʫȥ룬ʫҲв٣ŮǴ඼ѾдʫߵСҲʽ˵Ҳ½һ˵
˷˻ȻЦӯӯ˵ֱƳҶʲôֹסͷĴ
зʣ˷ˣôˣ
СŮ߿ãҲδ˷˶ЦЦֻЩĲ¡
羰ãСһʱʱǹ˷˵ģֻмѾ߹ȥҾˡ
ĵķ̽ԶѾ߽˹ȥҹ˼
ׯѾӦ߿ûһ˻
ѾߵСѾ뿪ׯˡ
˽Ǿȣ˷̱ɫ𾪵뿪ׯӣ
Сײ˹ˣѾˡѾ߹صСѾؼˣ˷˲صǡ
˷ܲǣ
ѾߵĻ˵꣬˵Ŀʱһˣ˻һۣӶԷпͬĺ뾪ȡ
ö˶˵߸磬˼ҵĹﻹܳײʲôˣ˵Ǳˣ˵㣬ǲǱ
ҶҪ棬֮䣬ɶעŷִ⣬һһż壬ֻи棬ټ˼Ŀ˸ߵ飡
λҲп˷֮⣬ȫסĵضԹ˷˵СȻǻؼˣǹ˷Ҳصˡ
ǹС÷ˣԾȻȥˡ
˷ֻϻۣ˺֮󣬿ɴδ˵¡׷ݵһأǳʫʱ˼͵ʫ𴩣˳ЦǻҲ޵ݡ
˷ҧȻЩš
Ѿߣǰ磬ȴ;뿪ҵĴ֮
ѾߵСײ˹ˣǹ˵˼
˷˿ɲš
ׯھ֮⣬羰ǺãʲôˣıˣڲԶţ˼ֻȥ羰˵ײͳײˣ
˷תͷȥֻҶһС˵ʲô
ɫվƽ½ǵ塣
Ǻ˹ȴɷ˵Ҫ˸ߣҵҪһ˵˷ŭνĴͣǽǺڵϲȣ
ߵĶܿ㽫˹
˿˷˷Ҳֹѣ˷˵ֻƬæ˷ʲô¡
Ҷ΢΢üͷȻҲĴ˹裬ǲ˼йء
ҶСӦ̫ӽ˰˸ϳ˷˱ȻҪһˡ
룬ԼȥҶˡ
Ҷһ˵Ż˷ͦñֱ߲ơԱмѾ׷ţɫǾšһǰѾ̹߱Ҷ˵ĿԽˣҶ趼˹
΢΢̧üëɫ䣬ȴˡ
ֻɫ䣬ȹ˷ǰվˣźɫʣ˷˿Ҫ£
ˡ˷΢΢°ͣӸµصһ˵
ǹڹСɡ˷Ҳʦڵģ˶Ц
˷Цʫ磬룬ĸŮ˲Żǰ硣֪Ϊ˵ͷСŮׯӡǺѾձǸ߸Ҳʫ룬СŮ߿һǱؼˡˣʲô˼
˿ڳ˶ע⵽˴˴߿ˡ΢΢üͷȴ̾һ
Ҷ߹ʱһ
Ҷ˳֣Ҷȥ˳ߡҶ½ǣҶﲻ˼̧˷˿ȥ˷лú˵ǵʲô£˵ˣҲ֮ˣ˹˷ˣЩڴ˴Ҳܸ˷һ˵
˷˱ЩƵؿ
ȻҶ˻һתŵ˵ЩԹҲֲ˭˭˷ˣ˵ǲǣ
˷Цһ㰴˵
ȻҪ˵ұҪ˷ص˲ף㽫СŮׯӣҵҲСŮ߿һһֱڴ˴СŮˣǳѵҲɣ


 96 

˷, ǲ
Ѿ˵˹˼, Ҳ֪ǰ, ˷ŭģȴΪ˷̾һ
ǿ˽ɻȥ飬ɹ˷˷Ҫڵ̨, ˶֪˼һδĹЩ, ɹ˷˶˵, Ҳܾˡ
Ѿ, ˺£˵˷
Ѿ߹˳Ӧ¡
С㷽Ž, ׯй˵ţɹС㲻˽ȥ˹˷ŭСׯӡѾ߲Եؽ鷢չľ˵˳, С, ڳ˶ū澵Ѿ, ɹС˵ǷлйСת, Ž˷˽ȥײ˹ˡ
һɺԣ˷СŮֻǵˣ, ξɺϵ˹ˣǱ߿û, ˭ȥȥֵô࣬ѵֻСŮ
˵, ˭֪ǸǼ٣
ׯֻһͨׯӣش⣬˵羰ãɷ羰õĵطҲֹһ˽վٰʫ磬ŽƽҵҲסڴ˴ôƫƫôɣй͵ţȴ֪
СŮִ֪磬ǵйڣȻܿѾ߿˵Ӳ˷ֲȥΪ˶ȥˣƫƫǳУ
˳չ˷˵˼ѵΪ֮
˷˵Ŀ䵽ĸŮϡ
ҶҶһһʱԽܿóԵ֮ǻص˹ȴǰҪˣһ볯Լ˫۾һģ̳ģù˷һ
ջߣؿˣǾҪʲô˼ˡ
磬ҺڳλǰֻʫѰ֣ҪԹСʲôαڽգ˵˷ҪңҵҲʹ˷ˣСΪ֪ǶȥƫƫҪҽڣ˵ײ˹ˣǳˣ
һˣǲȥĵطںδ
⻰ǰסˡ
̫ӵʱ֮У˵ţҲֻȦһط̫ĴæҲδ˵˵ֵĺδ˵Ǵ˵Ҳ
ȥֵ˲٣˶ȥˣƫƫСŮһȥͳ˳ײ˹ˣ˷Цǰδ˵ֲȥƫƫСŮ£Ϊ֮һˣ˾ںδ
˳֪̫ںδҶ趼Ѿˣ̫˵ҲѾˡ
֮£ȫѾһԶ֮Ҳδ˼֪˵Ǽ٣˷ͱˣǲһҵҪҿǲǳӦҾǺϣǺŵϲȣ
ҶҪȴһŮҼС㡣
˷׷תͷų˿ȥ
Ů˵С㣬ʱСǴҶСȥ򣬻ȥҶСˡ֪ҶСǷ񿴼
ˢˢתͷĿ䵽Ҷϡ
˷˵絶سҶ迴ȥɫȷŻҪѿҧгˣɵģ
Ҷüͷ˷ļʲôδҲˮ
㣬ɼ˷˵ĿضҶ衣
Ҷף
㣡˷˺㵽ں꣬Ǵ㲻֪ͣαݺ
Ҷ΢΢üͷͬص˷ԣҵȷС㣬ɹ˷˵Һ˹С㣿 
ڳ꣬ɴδй֮ģǹСŴȡҶɫ˷˼ǰŮУҲ
˷һ侲
ֻҪһ˼ôίôҲ侲ˡڹ˷УŮȻģǰвʱ˵ľֹЩÿոѧϰԵ⣬Ҳ
Ҷ裬Ҷ˼ҲͣҶɷͷʢϻ׵Ҫ̫Ҫ˼ǻʺĸ壬λ᲻
򣬳ھҲͷҪܳŵһˣܲӵģҲֻйǼλеĹٳˣҲԽӴҲ֪ˣùһ˴˶ȥ
⻰©ٳù˷ҪŶѡ
ؿҶ裺ȻˣұҶСô˵ 
ҶȷѾ˵ǰ㣬Сײ˹ˣǹ˷ŭҼСʱѾȰС뿪ɹС㲻кЩ
ô˵СŮׯʱҶСۿ˷˵Ϣŭ
Ҷ˵ͷ̧ۣŹ˷ɫΪŹ˼ԼѾȥãݵҲһ㱡
ҲŹ˷ȥϯСʱȷܹίɹ˷˴δΪͷֱѹǸҲûʹһ䣬϶ĴˡҲ֪ٻع˷˵㣬Ҳ㡣
ѾЩˣҲҪһʣΪͬǶԴŮǰ˷Ҳ֪Ϊζ̬ȴ˼Ȼͬ
Ҷ軹δعҶ˱Ȼס֡Ҷһ£򴽡ҲѾлͷˡ
˷ˣ㲻ѾߵĻɹС£ҲҶصչ˷˵˼ǲңҲǹľ۸СһСˣ
˷Цѡ
˼
˷˼Ȼţ˵ҲãαҪֱԴ
ˣߵڰףҪֶԴҲó֤ݡ˷˵ƾ޾ݣǳ˵ׯ˹ˣȴδ뿪˴֪λֵ˵
ʵۻʺҲƺƵׯֻһˣˣѵҪѾ˽Ӵ
⻰˵ȥҪ˳ЦҲ֪
ҶҪڣȻһҴҵܹˣ̫ӵСǰǸ
һ춯أʱ˵ע˹ȥ˷׷תͷ϶¶㵣Ҷ̱˿ڡ
̫ӣ
̫ʲô񣿵ʲôǸ
лһ̣ǰ߸߽̾ٹͷ䱦յԡؽ˵ڳˣ̫ӵ˵ˣ֮ͻȴһ֮ôȰ費˸֮󣬲ӦǷĿˣʧص
ߣһ½β
̫Ӻ̫óôŮǰû£ӣҲ

 97 

߹˼, Ȼ̫ӵ£
һ, ˷׷׾, ŴͣձҴţŵسŹ˷˿˹ȥ
Ŷ˵ʱ, ׻һ߲⻤˵ȴװ, ˼ҵĹǱ̫Ӹϳȥģ
ڳҹŮ, С֪Ҫȫο˼Ѿ, һ˵ĿɲֹԼ, ġ
Ź˷˵ʱ˻мֵǵйλڴ˴ӦǰȥӴ, Ҫǰѹ˼ҵĹϳȥ, Ҫ˺
Ҳͷ, 顣
֪ׯﾹǵй, ׿˵ǹСײȣ
˳˷, , ɻʲôҪ˵
˷ɫɷס
̫Ѿ֤ȷǹ˼ײ̫ӣ̫Ӹϳׯӡ˼ŭ̫, Ҫȥ̫Ӳ
ִˣȴ˶֪˼ϳׯӵ顣䲻Ҹɵģһ˵ĺܡ
˷վԭأֻ˵Ŀⶼ䵽Լϣһͷ´Щ˵пЦ뼥ôĳ󣬹˷ֻ޲طȥ
žźѹˣȴԼѺ涪ˣ
˷ǻţɻȥʹС㣬СӦ˵ΡҶ˶٣ѵǹ˷˵Ϊ˺룬Ҳö̹̽С㣬һЩ
̫ӣֻ̫ǽ˸ߣδЩʲô
»ع˼ٲܲ˴ʲôȥĵطײʲôÿ飬ֻᱻô򵥣һ˵ûˡ
˷ⷬȴǻȻתͷĿ棬ҧгݵصѵ㺦 

Ҷ費룬ȫˣ˷ȴ˵һ֪˷˲ϲԼȴû˷ϣףҪ
㲻ˣҲĺ
Ҷ˴ŭҪȴоҶȻסԼ֡˶٣תͷҶ迴ȥ
Ҷɫ򶨵ؿŹ˷ˣ˷ѾˣǹСײ̫ӵ£ΪҪ¹أ
˵ۼСŮߣǲ뺦Ϊλôɣһ˷˴ʱۣԸԼˣҲԸǹ˼ˡ
ţҶѾ̫ӶףպҪ̫ġҶֻͣҪҶģһ̫ӳ֣м֮
Ҷ侲˵˷ѵˣǹСңȥͻʱûСںͷ
˷һҭ
ȰСأɹС㲻ŭ̫ӵ¡Ѿ御С㲻Ȱ棬ׯӣҲǾȡ˷꾭ңΪβȥʹС㡣֪ȥȥĵطΪλҪǿ
ɫյһڣۼ˷˻Ҫ˵ʲôųˡ
˷˱ͣ޷޳ȥ
˷˵ô࣬ҲѾ֪٣ȷǹСײ˹ȡȻѾ֪Եɣ˷˿ɻкβĵط˵صҵǲ֪ԭһҾȻǳ֮
˷ſڣҪ˵ʲôҶ˵ˣ˶ء
Ҷ˵ᣬֻǼȴǽ˷˺Ļ˻ȥ
Ѿ˵ٶֻ࣬ᶪ档˷˵ɫֱ䣬ֻܲĵؽĻ˻ȥ
һԲԭλáȴֻ˵ĿⶼԼϣֻ̧ͷ

治˵˶֪˴£˶֪˼ײ̫ӱϳׯӣ˶֪Ǹ֪ˣ˼Ҳһӱòˣ
˷Լ⴫ϸ
ҼСʫԭȻȲ֪ˡ
˼ҵǸѾͷǰǲǻ͵˵ʫ

˼Ź˷˱Щѹõ͵͵ģ׻вٴ˹˷˵ĶС
ǣԭ˷˽̸ˣҲıܿת̸
˷Զֻձƫƫֲ뿪Ե飬ֻӲͷƤ
һз粨ͣˣ˲ûѶ
̫͵һʯ辰ʯ̳˻ľģÿǺÿЩ죬ׯŵĳڼһģһ
Լ̫֪֮󣬲ִ֮æׯһڡΣȥɻȴδ뿪Ǹ˶С˵һʲô
ˣ
ԵسҶ迴ȥҶߡ
ɤӣŶ˵̫ӵھٰʫ磬ҲΪʮֺ档
ԣ˶˹
˺ɫصȻ̫ӵұΪͷ˭ʫɫ㽫Ӯҡ
գȴû辰Ƿ׷׳Ҷ迴˹ȥ
ڳ˭֪̫ҶĹϵ̫Ӷʫ棬ҪѡһдʫɫģѲɻ˭ѹδ̫ɣ
Ҷ裺
̫ӵ»˵㲻ͷԻһҪ󡣡
˵꣬Լмᡣ
ҲһˣΪƫƫҪݿࣿ
Ҷͷ̧ͷ»еŲаգ̫
ܿ죬˱ĿϵʫҶҲͷ˼ڤ
̫Ӷ·̺ˣܻ̫ܲӶܵӮҡʵһ㡣
Ҷͷһٿ˼ڤ룬ϸ֮󣬲ŽȥһʫŮҲϵؽһЩЩʫƪֱ첽˻ȥ
ûãּҴҸֻһ
¿֮󣬾ҶʫдãصطԸҽƷ͸Ҷ
Ҷ裺
Ҷֻ̧ͷˡ
õǸ壬Щ죬ƺһѶˣ˵ҶС㣬˵ˣöҪ󡣡
Ҷ裺
Ѿ߽дʫҶдʮ棬ʫҲȷλŮĲѧķϷֻǽʱ˵޵ĻʱҲЩΪѡǵͣӲǵĵģҭ÷š
ʫʱҶνĶӡ
ߵÿ죬ȴſ˹˷ˡ˭Ҳɣ볤һҶҪʱù˷
Χˣ˷˿Ŀġ
˷ˡҶ賯ס
Ҷ˷ؿһۣҶ̫Ҳ̫⣬̫ſ񣬿պҪݺݵһӡ
Ҷ˼лҪ˵˴ֻҶһˣѾߡǺҪ˵ʲôɱ˷˱Ŀһʱŵ
ҶӦ⻰˷˲ȥС˵һ
㡭
Сͣȴô˼ҲܽĵطʵҴ۽硣ǲ׷Ѿúʧ棬֮󻹲֪γЦСſȥպ˵׼ʲôõˣ¾ҲֲáҶ赭ҺȰС㣬ҲǺȰȰ˷ˡ
ղ㵹ˡ
˷˺޺޷ӣߣ
תɿ뿪˴˴
ߣ̫ӣҵ̫ģ
̫ӣûҲûϵǶ

 98 

Ҷ˵ʱ, Ҷ°ڷ, ϥϻǿ塣
εЦһ, ³صҶߡ
̫ˣҶʡ
Ҷһ»عЩ˼ؿ˵ͷСؿҶ˵ɫ, ΨҶϿһ㲻ˡ
Ҷεңѵ㶼̫Ӷ, , ǣ
Ҫ, ﻹ͵͵˽´ֽܴ, ¶ˡ
Ҷа룺괺Ȼ̫һЩ
Ҷ䴽ЦЦСĽڻպˣǱϷһӻͳһֽ
㿴
Ҷ˿һ, ֻһֽͨͨ, ģŻ, ȥ˱ֱŵ, ʲôϡĶ
Ҷȴװϲģģ
Ҷҡͷ̫Ӹҵġ
Ҷˣ
һʧЩάֲסϵľϲ
Ҷ貢, ԼǶֽ, ͷϸЦ⣺Ϊ̫ӿɷ˲˼, ֽСȴͷһؼ̫ǰæҵģ
ǰʱг񣬺¶ʤȯգżʾҲΪܹ֮ݡϵڣȴǵһؼ̫ǰҡ
ҶϸϲɫֻЦ⣬һ
Ҷ˻̲סϧؿտɻѹ
Ҷһ£һʱЩûӦ˵ʲô
Ź˷㣬Ƿò̫ˬҶ˵ױԩ㣬룬Ӧ̫˵ġ
Ҷϵɫȥ
Ҷ֪Լ¶ˡ
ԭȾ;óʮֺģʮĹ˵ҪͲҪˣǰҲǻݶҲ˷˼ദģĸŮأǸһǰδദ˷˶Թ˼ãѪ
ɶԹ˼ôãΪƫƫҶȴ̬ȣ
Ҷصʱ˵ǰӣǱϲǣҲԸ˲ģ˵ҲǸ¡˵˵ҶҶĸ˵ѾȥϷˣΨȴû˵򸾡
Ϊ˱ӣΪ˱ӣҲ˵Ϸˡ
ȻˣǲǾʹ򸾶أ
ڴ֮ǰ˵ҶжãֻǻǱ˼ҵģҲͲδ⡣˵Ķǹ˼ҹ㣬ֱŮˣӴĶˣӣҶ˲֪ĸࡣ
ǧ֮⣬ʮֿ裬ĴˣԼģȴҽ˵ĺ⡣
ǽĹܹСǸ˼ҵѾͷִ֪磬ʼնδܹʲôĥ˺˷Ҳǰ˳ٰǻ
ǧһǰڳŮģȻŮܺݵĶã
ǵŮôͲôࣿ
ǰҶ費Ը˵ҶҲͲʣɽռˣҶҲ̲סˡ
ĵȴڴ֮ͥ±Լйԩָжίء
Ҷ˲ʲô˵ģ˵
Ҳûʲô˵ġҶɫص˷ԩң²ҲѾ˵Ҫȥ̫ӣСҲңкͷЩ£ˡѾˣҾˡ
Ҷ˲ͬؿ
ͷϣҲʡǻص֮ҶȴȲؽҶסˡ
ʵںǰʮιġǰʮҲûߣʲô֪˵˵Ҳ㳤ʲôӡ
ҶɵصǸϷ˳󡭡
Ҷգգ۾Ҽǵû˼ҵϷ˲ǺȥˣǻӦҲʮСǡأιģкúô㣿
Ҷ˿ڡ
Ŭ룬ż˵ˣȻ֮еĺ¡Ҷ꣬ȴ
ЩӦ£Ҷ˼һһķǻǺΨһĹȻǸк̣ѰеĹȻҲǾܵҺõѧʶ˵ĵǽ̵ĲãǳⶪԼ̵ĺˣҲǸ棬ǼΨһĵŮеһб͸ġ
Ѿ۸ͷϣⱾѾߵĴѾ߾͸ҶԸӲǼĸ̲ܽǵҪѾߣҲӦĸʡǡ
˵׮׮Ӧ飬ûǺԣôͳǵĺˣҶ˺󣺡ټһһ벻Ѿ߶̲ܽãеĹʳסҲûбϣ˵ȥҪЦ
ôһǰǵ׵ĹţΨһĹﶼãⶪǳ
Ҷ׷ʣ˵ԭȸϷסأϷȥ磬˹̹ܽ㣿
Ҷɣ 꽥ҲӦԼסˡ
Ҷ˶һ٣ʣϷȥʱżꣿ
Ҷ˿ڣһʱ˵ˡ
˵ҶбѾһۣлѾǰһ˵˹ϷȥݣҶָһ㣬Ȼŭ
ǺúݵĳҶŭͣ㲻ˣ
Ϸȥ󣬹˷˲Žּæµ֮У
⻰ԼŲţ
Ҷ˿ڣ˵ˡ
ֻڴǰֻЩοԼ
ʱͱϷ˱߽ӡ֮УϷ˷˵ĹϵǼ䲻õģǵĸϷ˶Թ˷ȴޣûһǺɫŶ˼棬ͬסһ£ĸŮһ굽ͷȴأסҲϷ˲ٰ졣
Ϸ˳ǧҪѧ˷ˣС¶ӦҲ֪Ƿʱ˹˷˵ġһЩ֪ڰףҪ׽ףɹ˷˶̬ȴʮ䵭
Լ֪ǰ漸꣬˷˵ǹʮּѵģֻǻ̫СҲǲ̫࣬ǵøϷȥԺ󣬹˷˵ƼȨһüǰ͸ûˡ
Ҷ˵꣬ܽҲΪʱģŲϲҰɡ
Ҷȴͬ
Ϸȥ磬ĺӣĽҲܽĺáοҶ˵ģס֮󣬶һͷȣ˷˴Ӧûˣû˽٣˷ôģǨŭҲǨŭôã
˵ʱ£ҲȫϷ˵ĻΪɹϷԴ̣˷ЩҲ֪ùֵϡһѧĺӣǿ֪е
˷˶ԴŮҶҲ˵ƫƫܿȴ
˼ظ֮󣬿ǰίҲûܹƹ˷ģֻ޲õۣ
˷˻ڿ˵ûпﲻģֻʳǰˡ˼ңѵȱЩִָ©ݲݶŮġ
ԭЩмŮȴǺҲ޷޵ֱ׳ɺϱʣ˵˵ȥɶĻ͵ĺˡ
߳ôĥ
ҶֻϧذŮӵ뻳УҵܿˣպﶨЩͷ
ߣ׽

 99 

ĸŮ, ɹ˷ȴһ·߷߲ƽ˼С
һ, ʣСأСûУ
æӦط, Сһͻˡ
˷һŭȥ˼Ժˡ
߽Ժʱ㿴˼ڴƢ, еĴˤһأվһ, ѾҲȫսս, ҳ
˷˲صĲ, ŭ˽ȥú˵ô£
һ, ˼۾һȲش˹˵㲻֪Ҷж֣
˷˷ŭص㵹˵, ΪҪײ̫, Ȼ̫Ӹϳׯ, ֪ҽն˶
, ҾҪ˵أ˼ߣһˮ, Ѿ߰Լᵽĵӷ, Ź˷ˣæ״㲻֪Ҷжɶ, Ϊ̫ӵôôǺӣҾȥģû˵أҲ֪Ҫ̫ˣ̫˵˵̫ӱˡ
Ҷ裿
Ȼ˼նصһص֮ҲδʲôˣҲֻҲ͡
˷˺һ裬ȴ侲
㱻ϳʫʵ񾩳˶֪ˣʹ龩ˣѾñ˿ǺЦǱ죬Ҳ˷˺޺޵ص⻰ȥǺã㻹ǸδĹҵĻԼûˣպҪ˵ء
ˣѾҰź𣿡
˷˲̧ͷ˵
û˼˿侲
ϳׯʱ߷߲ѣգҲް취Ҷֻһ֮ŮҲͰˣȴһδ̫ݡ˵ףȨٴҲвǻ˼ҡ
̫ѾҶ趨ףô죿
Ѿʶ̫ҶķˣǰҶ޸誣ӳ購Ҷھеĵλʮָߡ˽һжҶϰˣҶȴܼ޸̫ӡ
ѾжϱӲͬˣҶȴԽԽá
Ϊʲôأ
Ҷ˻ʺ󣬱ҪϱӵҶ軹Ҫֻ뿴ҶǣܵҶ⡣ȥұ̫ӻҪˣ
һ·Щ󣬲
ǻԥ
ǰ̫ӵǻˣԥʧܣ˭֪Ժ᲻ıأ
ǰ̫ҲûȢҶѽȻѾıô࣬ǲҲܸıδأ
үһأҪ飬֪ƣ԰ԥܿ£ҲܰԥռȻ˼δ侲޸̫Ѿܣܰԥϻʵۣǻʺˣ
أԥд̫֮ӣ̫ӵ̨Ҷ̫պҲò˺ãԾǰԹĿͷ
ˣ¶˾ġ
Ҫ޸ԥԥᶨصҶ̫ΣԥҲ
˷˾ɵؿǰǲԸ𣿡
Ѿˡ˼Աһۣ˰ֺ֣Ѿ½˳ȥ߹ˣ˼ȥŹϣСԹ˷˵ҪԥܰﵽԥԺҾǻʺɾҪʺ
˷˱˵⶯ʲôɫ
յ飬֮϶֪һƢ
˼ȵұ̫ӸϳׯʱϾֻҶСڣѵ뿪ǻڵ˵
˼߷ߵҾ֪ûģ»һҪΪҳ
˷ˣ
˷˵ɫһʱ֪ô˵źá
ȵ˼е֪ǰ
ŭɶǶ˳Ÿ磬ǿ֪ô˵ģ
˼żҡ
Ļû˵ڣ㱻ŭشϣѧЩѧЩǰް㳤ÿնѧһʱûеͷͲ׼ͣ£
˼ӱ˿ڣᡣ
ȻתͷŹ˷Ŀ𺡣
˷˴Ҳҳ߬еӡ亹Ҫȹ˼ΪԼ顣Ȼ£ɵΪ˹˼ͷһʱ鼱ų˲й˼ΪԼ飬Ҳͷ̫ء
ã˼ȴվһԣһԲض˵ǲҲسˡ
˷߬ӣ۾үҡ
ˡ֣Ըѷͻطȥ
˷˵ˤ˵ϣѪɫʧæΪԼ飺үҽҲһʱ鼱⣬⣬Ҵء
ţôʲôţ˽ſǺЦҲˡ
˼ʧɫ
ɣ˵ˡ
˭Ҳ˵Ļ
ҹˮ
˼͵͵ҹ˷ˡ
Թ˷˱֤ģЩٺ͵˵ûȵʱܳˡ
˷ץ֣˵Ҿ֪ŮǸٻܱȵġ
Ĵţ㡣
˼ˡ
˷˴ϣõĴͷȥ
üĿӳ֮£ֱ֮⡣
££ۣϤİ
ԭǹϷ˳ĵطϷȥԺ󣬳˴ɨ˻Ϸʱʱȴò١
˷˻㱻ڹ˼֮ǰҲṳ̂ΪҶⲻᶪ˺ӣҲδҪ˳ͷҪҶ顣
Ǹ֮ǰ
֮ǰϷ˷ڷóд𾭣˵ٶͷǳ֮ʱһСŮͯײײ󴳽֮С
СŮͯ·Ҳ߲ȣǺ棬˭
ǻ֪̾ˣϷֻһСŮ
ĺܿ죬Ϸø죬ҴææŮͯ𣬿Ŀ䣬СȴȰ˵˵ҲǸѧҪѧˡ
õģĸ֪ˡ
СſڹϷ˵ļͷ۾һգգؿĿγǺİ˷ȴ

ϷȥˣڵĸõõƼȨ˶üҲܹϷۡ÷Ҳ̤ط
Ϸ˾ĽС޵һţֱѾ߰˴ǰСϣһ󲡣ֱڴؿ𣿡
˷俴
ü֮Լһ˿֮ҲϷ˶꣬ȴԼﶼϵã֪ʱĽ˶˶ٿࡣ
ÿһؼҶ裬Ϸ꽥ԼԽԽ񣬾ֹҲϷϲģԽԽҲԽԽ
δʱ˼͵ıǳ̼ҵĹζȢͷ
֪
ģҶԼ֮ҶҶ˵ĸŮ˿Ѫ֮޷ϵĹϵ꽥һҲûദȴҶһձһոҶˣԼˡ
ÿһؼҶ裬ǰյӡһпѵԴͷβޡ
ǰģôĵأ
ߣԽԽ

 100 

, һŵ, ҲûҶ轫Ҫ, Լߴ
̫ÿű֮Уֻ˵л, 㿪ʼдߴ٣ҶЩҪ
дװ, ʲôҪ, ܼ, ǲܼģҲᾡ, ִСҲַ
Ǵ󣬿ɴҪģҶ軹ͷһؼ
, ȴǲ֪Ǻá
ʲôϯۻ, ƽҲٳ, ǳ, ҲҶšҶ˽ЩӶ꺮ůȸջؼʱй֮޲, ֻ޲úڿ, Ҷ軹δڣѾˡ֮⣬ÿпֻҪд, ʱǱ߽һЩĸ壬ûΪ֮
̫дִߣҶȴҲ벻
벻Ե֡
ѵóһˣҲĹǳԼδ̫뷽跨һʵĽ
ڼңʱ䣬ͷŷŮڶ顣ҶҶж±һι㡣հιöƤԲ˴˵̫ˡ
üͷҶҶҲ
̫ˣõص̫ʲô
Ҷ˵ϲǸ˶
ҶûΨ۾һգգسŹܼҿȥ
ʧˣ̫Ļ¶ڡܼ˵꣬üͷչ٣ȥ̫ӡ
һǰȲţеģȶˣĿҲҲӻͳһ飬һ붨˵
һ˵˵һʱ̸ֻ񣬰лҲû˵ԭȶΪĻ죬л˼ھΣΪԼ̫ӾĲЩ˼
·ģ±㽻΢̫һͬվһƣ͵³ȥ
ż治ɫصѵòųһˣʱ磬ȥҲϲţ֪Ҷ˸пɷܶһ˫ӡ

һʱֱ̫ӣȻò
̫Ӷ˵ˣΪ˳ӣܻܲ˲óԡֻܷԸЩõġ
˵Ƕףɵ׻δɻ飬̫ӵҲˡ˿ˣҶ㲻һˡ
һ˴Уǰ͵ʢֻѾšĲɵģֻ˼ڱûȤ
ҴææܽܳҶʣСѾ߱Ѿͷȫ˵ˡ
̫Ӽ˼ӷʱҶ̲סϣô࣬ûЩʲôõ𣿡
ίĲˣ̫ӵµȷûЩūصشŵӳ̫ӵǰˣү˺üۣȴһҲûū澣ʲôҲû˵ūʵǲ֪ˡ
Ҷ򴽣ʶشеŹǡ
Ҳ֪СѾ߱Ƚϱ̫ӵʲôʾҲûС̫飬ǰˣôҲûУ
̫ӵֻΪûдͷѲ̫뵱Ȼˣ
Ҳûճ˰ɣ
ǰòŸҵׯչȥҲδãѰ׵ŮҲûмƵġֻ̫ÿдߵôУΪ̫Ҳ뷨
ҶĬãعеŹѾù롣
һЩ˼СѾǰ뻻һֻ
һԼתС㣬ūȥ
ҶҡҡͷˣԸ׼Ҫһˡ
ڼУﶢţ̫Ӽ˼ҲҶˣ̫ܸҵ˰ɣ
ҶȥһѣʱӻڹûгһٷԵʵǾá
Ҷȥ˳ȥĲ¥Ҫһż䣬˲֮󣬱صȴûһ־Լ̫⣬СѾȥһ飬Ƶؿ 
Ҳ֪˶ãżŲű졣
Ҷ飬ĿûдŲȴ߸ȥĶ
СѾʣ˭
Ϥ⴫Ҷҡ
ҶгһȻ˽һɫͦΡ
εصҪһؿ治ס
¹æҲôš
ȥһ˶֪ҪҲ֪ġӵǰ£ЦҪʲôҪˣ
䣺ûãҲ롣
УҶдˣȥҶ衣
һ·ֹ̫ӽΪ֣ȵҶԺУȴͿˡ
ҶæסѾߣСأ
طˣСȥ
Ҷˣ


 101 

Ƶغȹһյ, ҶȻڿ˼ڤ, ±յ, Цģжٵ㡣
ѵ⻹ǵ𣿡ҶңʳЩ, ϸ룬һʱ, ĳ
ֻһʱҽҪ㵽, Ѿȥա˵İҲ죺ôʱչȥ, ܸˡ
Ҷ裺
ĬΣСǿѡ
Ц, ֻԼ˲ˮĽʲôǿѣһԸһԸ
һʱ벻ҲҪպҲżѵü棬ǽúõʱ˷, ̫ϧˣ
ô˼, ɲֻһŵȤҶġһ, 붨˵ôõĹ, ڶôãòײŵȵҶ, ˷ˣ
ҪʲôҶɻʣҲ, Ҳûʲôȥĵط
ôûУ
ҶӲ⡣
ôǶȥĵطΪλûУվ, Ҷ辪ȵĿ֮Уһƣ֪ҶɷԸͬУ
Ҷ㡭Ͳ»ᱻϳ
ҳٻأǰûϳǱϳˣʶȤģҲ֪ܿҪģеصճѾ֪ϣҲˣ֮ΰţѵҪ˵ɫ
Ҷ룬û˵ʲô
ôҶСҲѾ߹飬ȴƽͷһһͬС
߳¥֮󣬱·оϵĿⶼ䵽Լϣ֪ĴѣҶ̧ţбѾ⡣
̲ס룺ԼǷ̫һЩ
˵Ƕףɵûɻ飬󷽷̫ڽϣǲǹˣ
Ҷһӱͣ½Ųɻôʲô

Ҷɿؿһ⣬ƺעԼųһȥӦûʲô
ԭ˵ƺвٳĳʳֻƽٳԵãֻżһȴûͷʣ֪Ƿ˵
룬һʱٳϵꡣ
ѵҵûд㣿Ҷƣ㲻ù𣿡
ùˡ˵ֻ㿴š
¥ʱע⵽ˣҶֱ߻һ̵ģ¥ĵӲҶûٲˮȴ˰ӣŵʱչЩӵĳʳˣв޳ܵضһЩǷΪ֪ڸУҶò跹˼ˣ
Ҷһ£򴽣Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
ֻиĴ̧ͷһ̧۱㿴ԼСͨ죬ϸһƣ룬ȴ
ҶӵһǵǾֺţ˲࣬ſڻ˳ӡһֱðղݣ·ʱŵĵζŲɵֵ֮ǿӲ굽鲻Խͣ˽Ų
ĩβϴѾ˳ȴŶӣǵöǰ漸˶̲ס࿴һۡ
ҶѹЩε˵Ҳ֪Ŀζ
ƽ̫ӸʱҲŲٳʳģȴĿζϲö͸ˡҶŷԼ̫һ֪ʱЩھΡ
ӿһۣ΢΢֪ʲôҵĿζΪ嵭ؿڡ
Ҷ۾΢
ģҶϲ
ΪҶıԼĿζҲͷһˡҶ˽ⶼһӣˣ뷽跨ӽһЩ˰ҶĿζ׼ʳװͬһǰʱ䳤ˣ˱ΪϲáԼҲֲˡ
Ƕ񡣡Ҷüֻ֮ϲ֮⣬ʣϲʳ
룺Կɡ
Ҷˡ
ȶŵǣ˺üģҲƽϲõЩ˼ʮֳģȳȥʱӱҲ˲١
ҶӣЩ˼յġǲ̫ˣ
ࡣӴϷֽóһǸ⣬ݵǰ
ǸǸճ¯ģޱȣۿɼģָⱻ¶̵ķ졣Ҷæ˹Сĵط£ҧһڡȻϲζ
Ҳһ
Ҷһ飬ȴȲӹȥǸ⻹̵ģæһֻ֣ߴ١
еرŵǣûп֡

ҶԲ۾ĿࡣǷŸݵĵֻ˭ģ
˴ڴϣ̫ӵ˼ѵҪιɣ
󵨵飬˵ڴϣڼУǶǲʱ˵ģ
ĳȴǰҲҪιͶźˡ̫ӣʳȻҲ졣
Ҷ裺
Ҷֺ죬һǸⶪֽתͷߡ
ɫһ䣬æ׷ȥСĵˣ

ǡ
֪ˣҲ׼ˡ
ԶԶԡ
Ҷ˵պǳ˻飬ͷ󵨣˿ˣҪЦûصġ
⻰ȴûӦˡ
Ͳ˶ҶԼƣ֪ǶãƺۺĲˡ
Ҷȴ룬濴üΪҪ
룬Сǵ޸֮ڼУ˿ˡ

ԭô֪ԭ̫ӵ¾Ȼأ
ΪǸ⣬ӽֽҶ̡
ֻϲģл
ⲻ̫á
ӻһȦ˵ͷĶǲ̫áֻѾǾˣൣһЩٸµġ
еĶƷߵͶУͨռ˴һڣǽҪԭأҲ̧
ԹԣļҵĹӿȻ󣿣
ҶԵ׼࣬ҲȱЩ
αҪȱ˲ŮҲϲЩǲϣֻпҲáȻ˵ҵȥ̣βͬȻҪãЩģҲƽȥЩȻˣǱЩδջһ°ɡ
֮ǰصȥ˻ʺ󣬾ɻʺָ㣬ѾŮҵϲָơ
ǲϲҵĿʽǻһң֮ƺǻҳ̡
û壬ݵҶǰұһҪ󡣡
ҶĬصǰ壬̫ӽԣѰܵһŵѾʮֲףһŶˣ̫ӻҪڴٶֻõĲ
һʱҶ趼ֲ壬⾿ԼԿˣ̫ӳԿˡ
εؽƻȥǾͼ±
ֻӦ£Ϻź
뷨ܶǷҶ輸źãźиĽҶӽ
ƹģƹģ
³ܽһˣϻرûУտҪȥϲ¥͸Ӷģ
ܵһ룬վŵˣһͣԭء
գգۣϷɿתƹģȻ˹áÿ죬գ۾ͲӰ 
Ҷ裺
ӣ
ɫһһۣ׷˳ȥ
ԵƬ̡ҧȥȥ
Ҷ裺
æȥ¥ǰɡ
Ӧһ첽׷˳ȥ
ڹ̨գգۣһ±ȫûˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊνôá
ֱһ·ûͣ£֪ôɣƫƫ̫ӣ
ö˶˵ģ̫Ϊλƫƫôɣſڱ㽫ԼҪȥ¥ˣ
п˵ҲûܶԶͱץסˡ
̫׷ǰüۣͷҲ̧ͷ̾
˵⼸ôӰԭ¥ȥˣӳվǰһڸаִţ˽˵˶飬ҵ㳤ˣԭ¥飿
硭ֺõسЦЦתƻ⣺ôҶһˣҶôûŰ
غһ
磬ƣҶﻹڵأ߿ôãҶȾˣǶ಻ðǲǣֺõ˵ȥҶɣҡͻظȥ飬ĶҲȥˡ
̫б
ֻõǡܱܲĸ󣿡
ûӦ
˻֣͵Ǳȥ
ɫ䣬磡磡ҳﰡǼҵ飬ñ֪ʲôҪ֪ˣһң
ˣӴݵȵ꣬ɩɩɻ֮ұһˡҵĻ㲻ҲΥȻˣöǺʣɲ飬һٽѵպҲȥʲô̻֮ˡ
ңǰֻԼǰΪβԸܼҿ
ôôɣ
̫ѵóһأײˣ
ߣС
̫ӣܵܽ

 102 

Ҷڲ¥, ȴֻȵһ˻
̫˿أ
ҽѵһ, ͻȥˡʱɫЩ̫ÿ㿴Цˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ, ֻ𷽲һĻҲмֺЦ
ãھ֮˭֪Ǹʲô, èӹµʲô, ʲô顣ֻֻЩ竺һ, ٲаŮ, 
ھаԵ첻µز, Ψֳ̫ûšҶҲͷһؼһ̫ӣ̼βߣ治֪ж໬
ʵˣ
ڹʱ, һ˹, ֮, ˼, Ϊɫǰգƭڸж, Ļ, ˭֪ԭȥ¥ү¥ɺͳ
Ҷݸ
̫ѵѵ, ɵ²˺֣̫ӿϺģﻹ¥أҲлʵۻʺ̫ݣģ
̫Ȼ룬ȥۣ
΢
Ҷ΢΢Ц֪¥һۣҲǾ֮гĹӣȤ
ѵҶ᲻Ӧ
¥ҲֻˣбѾ˴룬ۣϵı۸Ӿʣ֮󣬲Ѿ뿪ճ˲λá
ҲΪ˱۶ֻҪһż䣬˲㣬
ƽﳣ
ҶͷƽʱֻһѾߣطҲʺǰ޴ȥ㳣¥Ǳۡ
ģҶû˵
ԭΪ˳誡ھҲ¥ۣĲμôʫĻᣬҲֻΪ誷ˡû˹ϵֻİˡ
ӵ˵ͷҪ˵ʲô¥´һ󼤶˶٣ƿżС¥¿ȥ
һȺӵ߽֮¥󻹸ŲˣŻЩյĲ¥֮󣬱ΪſŵλôʱѾˡ
ǻǳӣ
ˣ
ǳӵı۰
վ̨˹֣ǳ˭
ӣ
̵ջߣҶ迴˹ȥû˵ڣΨ촽ֱؿҲ֪ǲҶĴ·п˼ֿ֮⡣
Ҷ뵽һأأ
ƿߣҲ֪ջ
˵Ѿûϵˣһǰδһδͬһط֣ҶҲΡ
߰ɡ
ߣΪʲôҪߣüָһˮݵ۵ģɲ˭ȻˣֻڣֻǿˣȻû£α飿
ҶֻöյСŲˮ
ңҲҺöż֮У˻ᷢڴ˴
Ҳ̫ˡ
ӶյźȲĶƳ˴һۡö˵Ҳ֪նȻǳ誴ͷۣǱҪͷβֻһҶҲῴбǲá
ôƫƫôɣ

ڼ˵̫ˡ
üëһվ
ҶѾ˵ˣҶȥˣ̫ҲˣƤӵ´Ϣ飬Ӧϣ͵͵żҲ
ˣҲûţֻܱһ
ֻ̫ʲô
ѵǶû棿
߳ȥһƣŷ̫ߵ
ʲô
͵ùԸͼӴ˵һ飬˵ˣʵ޷ܽ£Ҷ˳æ
ղȻŭүȻ¥
֪ӲˣֻܴͷɥС飺ҶˣֻϣܲһЩ
ĿĻ
һ죬ôһˣǱϣֱϡһ䳡ʮ˰ȫǰһһ
ͷһЩǹżĺ⣬ԴһҪ
ᣬ绪ïôóԺúû¥Ҳû
һۣݺģҶˣͲ֪Ҷ𣿡
һ٣ȥ
а룺Ҷţʲôһһɩɩӱ
ҲͰˣ̫ˣܵҲӦøſôܽܵƳܿأ
̫ӲȣҲܹˡ
иԼӵͦأᶨ˵˵ĻҶˣҶģܷܲŹң
ߣɶɶУӸһ
̫ӣҲˡ

 103 

ɵؿǰˡ
Ը˵СŮںδ
ֻҪҶһЩ, һж˴, ֺõصҶ, ƣ
վǰһ˼ģ, һʱûиӦ
ֻҪԥ֮⣬֪Լҵ˻, ͦ, , ԴǵȰҶ㿴̫ҶȻǶ, ⻹ûɻأҡڵܳȥ˿ˣǶ಻, ǲǣ֪Ķǵھǵ, ̫ڸҶأ
˼صΪλȥ̣

⡭Ȿһʱ, ˵Ĳ̫Ҷ𣿡żҶ, ̫ӿڸҶأ
˼Ƭ̣ʣ¸¥Σ

̫ӵµĵǲ޵, ³֮, ޽¥˵, Ϊ¥ĹִŻӻǮơ̫ӵ½͵΢б˹֮ܽġȥˣ֪иѡһ΢Եµ˲
һ¿ˮ
ɵصȥǶ״𣿡
£롣
ֻʣ𣿡
ȭͷᣬܱȶһﰲȫɣ
Ƴһֱۣ֣ˡ
״ϲҶˣˣӦˣ
ȴǳŲԶ֣Ըȥ˵鷿ü
ɫ䣺Ҷˣ 
½һ˵£΢Ҳ޷Ͻ̫ӵƽﳣٵϽ½վڸж顣
ְԼױǸߴͣᣬųߣʣĺ⡣ǻԸʾһгľࡣҲȥطֱ䳡ϯضͶƽδ
ڶվһԶãڶ飬첽˸
¥֮С
ų߽¥¥µһӱΪ誵ĳֶλҲվϸ̨֮󣬳еմ˶塣
Ӳ̲صھ֮ʮֳ
Ҷʲô뷨˳Ļȷˡ

ӱǿµøˡ
ۿųУ˶ˣĿ֮Уⳡ۱Ļ
λӶʵѧ˶ǰҲ׼٣ıҲʮ־ʣΧ۵ǲʱȲ಻ڳ˶ʮ档
ҶҲ̲ס̨ϵıߣ֪ѾתͷߵСδ򿪣ʮ棬űֵĻͷ֮ͬ⡣
һһ۲棬䵽̨ϣעҲûԼЩ
ǡǸ
ҲǰӮ誵ģôҶͲ࿴
ȵгϢӶȥȲҶҲջߣʹڷŵı֮УζЩʡ
ӹ˵誾Ȼ 
ȷȴǰ˲١ҶҲЩȵͬǻǰⶼ̣ЩʱչȥȴǰȥӦںú׼ƾ١

ҶعЩţҲ
ΪβҧϲɫǶۣۣҲʵ˵Ĳǰȷǽ١
Ҷ賤һ㲻ͺá

⣬̫ˡ
誽ҲͰˣôƫƫҶ迴ˣ
ǶûйϵˣҶĻԼҲѾ£κвֵĻᣬҲҶĿ䵽˵ϣǳ誡
Щ˵
Ҷˣ˵ΪʲôСǼƽϵˡ
ӶյһڣгϢ֮󣬵¶վص̨ϣǰδĻ
΢΢̧ۣȻҶתͷȥ񶼱¾ʵı˹ȥ޹ص˭ѧصģע⡣
Ӱ˼
±۽ʱȻǳʤˣǿҫֹòЪҶջߣһձ۾ʣҲĵˣҲмƣ
ҶЩδδۣʵǾʡ
׶֮ͣ󣬱ʣɷвͬļ⣿
ȻûеġŵıѾ㹻ʣڳ˶۷Уֻ޲õŽ֮誺ú̽һ
Ҷ˵ʲôȴǰ˺ȻվգգۣżűǰϡҶһ㶣æƿС̽ͷ¥¿ȥûȶãȻӴȺߵ̨ǰ
С
һʱ֮䣬˵Ŀⶼ䵽ϡ
ɴ۾С㣬ǡ
ҶɣֻⳡƺЩʶ֪ʶԼ̫Ӵ˴֮󣬷ȴרעűۣδཫע̫ϡѵΪǳ誣̫ӡԴˣ
ɡ
̫ɵ
񡭡ȷǡ
Ҷһ顣ûע˭ֻע۵ľˣ̫ӹ߻ܹݣ˵ȻҪҪҪһʲô
Ҳвϳӡ
ϻ¥¶ɺϵǣҲ誱֮ۡв˴ݣҲֻһ͵ļ
֪ʵݵġ
Ŀ⸴ӵؿӣ֪ǵ̫֮ٿ˶мֲһˡǰòãѧҲ̹һֻվ̫ǰ֪Լˡ
ֻ̫Ϊλ
뵽ʲô̧ͷ¥ż俴ȥȻҵҶ衣۾һֺܿʧ¡Ҷ̫һ֣˹ʲôҲó
ˣҶѾҪ̫ˡ
ӡӳע˻ʣ֪¿ɷ̳ӣ

ֻ˵һۣû뵽Ȼս誡˻ǵǰ¥ľһĻعҲ׷塣
ӣӦ˰ɡ
λ빫ӣ˵ϻض˱ʮ־ʣδۿʵڿϧǽټ˱۶á
ӽѾһѾˡ
١
á誳˵ۣҽˡ
Ȼֹ˻࿴һֻۣŶ̨
ż֮УʮֽţС㣬˵ǳӻӮǵ»Ӯ
ҶӦɡ
ǴСһ𳤴СѾߣܿعʶеġָ̫ӡ
ûϻص¥ۣ̲ס˵ǳʮھ֮Уˡ
̫ӣ̫ƽֻдŴҲδʲôѽ
㿴ŰɣӮһҶע̨ϵӣ̫ûвâһվȥҶ߾޷ƿҲ޶ȥˡ䴽ǣ˵ĻǿӵģбɵͬС
оһزͬһҲ֮̾һˡ
ԼΪ̫Ѿδ
ǰʱҲͬǰ誵ıۣǿ۱ɿ̫ʱĿ⾹ǰҲ޷ƿĹâţæŽϾȥϸֱЩʵ塣
ҶԼԼž̫ӵı⡣
̤¥ʱһ۱㿴վ̨ϵ̫ӡ
δü̫ڴ˴ֿ̨ۣϵһˣǳ誡
ɾͲͬˡ
Ȼ֪Ҷ誵ЩˣҪ˵̫Ȼɶ񣬿ҲûгҵС˾ÿɺޡıŮϡƫƫ۸̫ٲãٶԴĵģδ
Щۣ˵ķӦ
һѿӣ£ǳ˵꣬ǻȲʣüͷ壬ǵõ޵ӣüͷͻɿ١
˵ķӦҲܿ峡ƣռϷ硣
֪ʵãǷű۵ȷķ誹˹֣ˡ
һ䣬ŶӵĿⶼͲ١
Բ飬̫ӽӮǸ̫ӣֳ۸ߵͣȻЩʣɱǺõġ
Ȼ̫˻£ţɿ˳˲٣ûƽʱôɶˡ
ߣQAQΪʲô

 104 

ûдЩǰҪ, Ӯ˳֮, ҲʲôӦ, ֱӻż
żС¹ˣҶ躬Цűƿɫػصԭλ, ָ̧Լһ衣
һڣȴûȵҶ˵ʲô, ̧ͷ, Ҷ躬ЦԼ, ˼ˡһ״Ʋʣ÷ŵıΣ
ʵھʡҶݸ, ˳ĻܼʵıۣǽһҲһл
в⡣
֪
˵Ҳ, Ҷôῴأ
ֻ, , 㽫ʮֵĵѹصĵסֻҶ, Լ˵֮üĿչ, ʢʱһ÷, ָⶼ͸ˬ֮⡣
ӵ¥۲»һһ
ҶЦӦ
۵ˣ¥ۼҲɢ, ¥𽥿۶磬֮ɫҲѾ磬Ⱦ˼͡
˺һ裬վ
ӵȥ
̫áҶ˶٣˵ҳʱҲδҵ˵һ֣ͬǾ֪ˡ
ӿЦá
ǰ뿪ԶҶ˵Ĳǣܲ²ѵǲһ֣װ֪ˣô֪Ҷ軹ڶأ
Ҷ֣Ҳ˵ʲôֻоںͷؼҡֻͷð߳ż䣬㿴վ¥ݿڣĿؿˡ
ӣ
Ҷ裺
Ҷ赱ϣ̿첽¥˵صô
ӽһԶֹԼĵطվŶ΢΢ףҶˡ
ǰôû˵һߴ̫ɨ䵽ŮϡŮһϲɫĸοһȭȭȸġɫض˵ҲˣֻһѾߣʲôΣô죿
ﶼͣҲôţԭҳʱֻȥ顣ҶҲգ治ɫصֻû뵽·ղ¥ۣһʱѾʱ䣬õˡ
üĿͣϲ»Ҳš
ҶԹӦһ
ŮɣҲ泩˲١̧ͷ̫ӣŻ͵ɫһӳ
ӿһ
˵ʲôҲѾ϶Ļ졣ֻǶлԼˣⲻѾ˳
Ҷ˸гԺû뵽ôɾҶ治ɫصȻˣŲ¥ۣҲһˡ
Ǻ¡ǵǿ˱̨ۣۣҵ֪㾹ȻС

Ҷæס˶ĸ첲ʱ磬ǸûؼˣӦڼеȼˡ
˵ͷ룬̫ӷűֲķϣҲûж˵ʲôŮһ˲¥
û߼ͣ
Ƶػͷȥʲô
ҶˣӴݵǰҶ˰æ̣ܽҲýܻˡ
Ҷ棺𣿡
ɻ̵̫׷³ȥˣʱɫɲÿҲ֪δáȻ͵ȥˣ
ȥʲôˣҪι̣ܽ
Ҷĺһֱ˻ؼ̫֮ӴҪӵܵܵţƤ˹һţȻֱ֮ȥˡҶк棬Ҳ䳡
䳡룬տ䳡С㣬ȴڵͷ飬ʮ档վŵվһһңֱͦ壬Ҳи⽥һ̨ϣ飬ˡ
˵䳡Ҳǰ澪һ¡
΢΢۾ŵػعͷȥʣ⡭
ף¡
߶Եɵ̧ͷȿǰ֮󣬵һ󺰳磡
һվŻû̧һѷĳǰһͣɴ۾ǰıĥĹɼ˵ĵӰӰ´ӳһ£ֻ˻ȥ
ԶԶߣ۰Ͱ͵飺磡
ӣ
˰֣յ뿪ߵвˣϲæ񱼹صһȦܿ˶ͷҲ̧
Ҵˣ֪ˣ磬߰ɣˡصֻҪҶ飬˵˵ģ
֪Ṇ̀û뵽µĿ̻иߵ֣֮
Ǳ̫ѹŶ飬̫ҲԼලֻù˿ţȻȥ̫Ӹ״ɵ׻ҵ͵ĻᡣͬǿɲῴǸүͶ飬һ뷽跨͵ĻᶼҲҪе飬ͺǰȥé˸ţǴʱˣǵЩͰéˣ
ҲͰˣҪʱʱ̵̿ԼСм伸ζû˯гʵѡ
ϾȻ˿̣
ȣ类٣ܹƤ֮໹
վ£ɡ
̧ͷһɫʱѾ磬Ҳʱ˸ŵʱ
˼һǷҪͬһѾק½ǣ磬ǿߣ⡣
ΣֻӦĻ
ԭҶ˵䣬ɶˣҶȥҶˣ԰˳ȥûаɳ֮
ع·ϣ£磬ɲ֪˶ٿࡣ
бһۣµǾⷽƽ´Ͻǲȴǿúöˡ
п˵ֻõ㻹Ҷһţնķǳˡ¥Ҳͷһˣ㶼ˣôأǲˣܰҶ׷֣жҵĹͰôܹӲأ
֪֪ϽѵǺˣӳɩĸֺУպɩɩΪٶģϽҲܸԺʡ
ɴ۾ŵؿö߶˵
ⶼûȢأͿʼԺ
Ȣ̫̫ӣֲпյģҲ檣ôϸ¥ñܡ
»ûе
ߣû
̫ӣδĻʵۣң
*
ΪʲôдùҾͺÿأ˼

 105 

һ, ֱ˹, ûȥ
ʺŭ߽, 󻹸һ̫ӣʱúЦʲô̫ˣ
ĸɵ, ЩʱտһֱڸУɻʲô£˶, Լ˵Щ, ֽƱ˵̫Ӳ, ǰҪȢҶʱҰôæ, ŹȥûãлҲͰˣʼܽҡĸ˵˵ǲ̫Ӳԣ
̫зִ, ǹܽ, ҲǴϽ, кβã

пԣ
޷, Ҳҵֳһ, ڻʺǰֺԡ
ջʵҲʺ޹, ˶ڣҲһѵüǶ˶̫ӽղǳȥˣ
ӵڹ, 㽫һˡ

ʵҲûʣȹ˶ʳĸڵؿʼšһʱҲûʲôʳԵĹأֻǻʵ̫ӵӶ˵ȤĻƫƫһڻԾյڣûʺüЦ
ղ֪ҪҲŷ׼㰮ԵġʺЦеض˵滨֣ʱɼǵôһЩ
߸˵صĸҺá
ʵ۵˵նˣʲô飿
лնĲ֪жùҶ˵鷿ҲǺ飬һ磬ǶףҲӲ˵Ƥë˵ϲ߻ᴵԼûʵڵݣȴǼ㽫Լ̹ɰϽ
ʵֻһʣҲû뵽˵ĳʱЩĿ࿴
ǰ㽫鷿ķӶ˺ü̫Ӵ㣬ôȻ֪Ͻˣʵմã˵˺üãѵ̫ӶףҲ⶯ˣ
ʺ۾һˣ̫ǰͷҶˣҲ˸Ȣ޵ʱˡҾΪЩʵѡпвٺù
ɫס⡭ⲻż
ô᲻ż㸸ʱ̫ӶѾҸˡ
̫ӺͷʲôҲ̫ӵƣֳδȢܵȻҲע⡣̫ӶҪ̫ˣҲг̡
̫ӳ˵Ҫ˼ڳðϣ̫񡣡ʺɫصձ֪棬Ҳ¡
ô᲻󰡣
̫ˣ
֮һסڸУӱңʲô͸ʲô벻ϽͲϽһ˯ȱӾ̫Ҫо̫Ҳնӻûأôܶһ
Ҳһ˵ˣɼҾ͵ҵ¥Ҳܹ䣬ĳҲȥٴŴĴҡĻбͷ
ʾ֭ȴ벻ܾܾĻֻس̫ӿȥ
˹ط¿ӣ˲ͣ˵ż
ʺϡѲɣȢҲ񣿡
ףż
˻һҭס
üˣô˵һףʺԵ㰮̰棬ݳġ
ָʹ󣬶񻹲Ρ̫˵ĸ룬ô˼ң˳֮⣬Ҳ޳ͨ˼ҵĹֺαؿ
ͷǰǰĸ˵Ȣǲǵ˼ҹ𣡡Լ̫֪֮ˡ
ʵۻʺһʱƿԡ
ʺҪ˵ʲôȻһŮ첽˽ϣԥ
ԥ
ʺϵЦһӵ˲١
ʵ΢΢üͷɡ
ԥһʵ۵ģţҲй֮󣬱ҲǰҲǶˡ
ʺɫ̲Ӧһ
ʵӣ̫ǻʺԥȴǳ¹Ķӡʺ¹ĹϵɲãҲҺó¹ȥʱԥѾ꣬ԥҲ֪߾Թƽٻ
ôҲˣ 
ս븸ʴͻ顣ԥѾѡ
ԣӶ࿴һۡ
ϱӵǲ޳ֹ顣
ԥԷͬĺԺ֮вټ檣ԥλȴٳûж¡ǵû֮еԥùŻ֣ԥΪ£϶Ȣԥ
ϱϵλȻҲѾԥһأⱲԥŴθ鷳ӵʮҲʹ˲ٰӡһصƣҲ֪ı̫ǷӰ飬ҲԥQûȽ¡
δ̫࣬ԥ˱Ѿ˸ı䡣
֪ǸԥͻСܳ޵͡Ҳ֪λ±еԥ˭
ʵҲ˳
ԥӦ̹Ȼǳǧ𡣡
Ӳֱ塣
Ҷ볤ľ£ڳһ˲˻һʺʶؿһۡʵüͷ
Ź˼ҵĹѧڣżȻСʫΪʮĽصؽ븸ʴͻ顣
С㣿ӳԥкᣬ¿СԥеĺƲͬһˡ
λǧʲôѧǸ֪ʫˡʫһѾﴫ÷зɲԥ֪ǰ鲻ֻ֪˵գׯ﷢ҲӦȫˡ
̫ӦСһЩᡣС汸żȻһ棬Ǵ֮жᡣԥתͷԻʵ˵븸ʳȫ
ԽԽǲԾ
汸
ǹ˼ҵǧһϣ
Ӳ˼ԥɲǸɵӣԥ˵ϹȻǳʲôԥĶĶֵԥ֮λ˰ͬһϣ
ǰɲδй¡
ǰΨһŮ޵˳ң誵ãҶڣ˼һֱַ֣δеͷѲɻʲô֪飿
ǧȻǴӺҲ֪Σ֪ԥ³ȴ޸ԥţѲʲôԸı˵ֶΣ

ˣԴһ֮ʶĳԶӡ֮еǰ㣬仯Ӧв飬ֻ֪
ʵ۳ٳδӦ
üֻţĹɲ̫á
Ͷйأʺ˵飬˼ҵǸ֮󣬻ٶ˵£ڳǰЩɲֻǴŰ
ʵ۲ӦԥҲֻѾдŽ¸֪ĸĸҲӦˣڸϻؾǵ·ϡ
һʵ۵ɫҲ
ޱ飬ֻ΢΢ԵܵҡҡͷſڣҲʲôҲû˵
ԥ̫ڣѾǹ֪һ
˭֪̫ʵ۵Ĺϵã˲ĸӣҪ˵ǳˡ̫ĸλʧܣ̫ԻʵۼǺģʵ۳ǵλʱڻ̫Ҳʹ˲ٰӡֻǻʵ۴С̫֮ڣҲܶʲôȻʵ۵λһȣֱ̫Ӱ˹۲Ϊ
ԥĸ¹ֶ̫Ů̫Ѿ£ԥܱĵôߣҰĲλҲΪ̫վ󣬸ˡ
ߣۣûϣ̫
׼ʱʲôסȫڶüѽ

 106 

ԥһ, ϵһ
˻ڵ, ԥһ, ˭ûӵ¡
ʵ䵭˵ȻѾˣ̫Ҳ޵̫ع֮, ֪һ, ̫Ҳ㰲, Ҳʲô
лʡ
ʵ̧̧, 㵱ǽˡ
ԥûȤҲ֪̫ʵ۹ϵ, Ҳ˵Ҳ뿪Աƽƣ䵽ϡ
ԥһ⣺վڹУ
Ƥһ֪ǹԼ鷳С, ԥԹٸͷ, ԥһ, ̾Ϊβ
ˡԥ, 󷽵صֻ˵Щʱգȥϲ¥, ΪҲȥ˻ϲ¥˵ڻϲ¥лһõ, ǽӶռţ֪洫̫ףôȥ̻֮ء
ƿڴ, 亹ֱ
Ȼһ˲ʵ۵ĿҲϡ
ϲ¥ʲôطʵšüʣʲô̻֮أ
ϲ¥Ǿ¥ҲĴ̫𣬲öᡣԥǸصĪ֣Ҿץס洫Եˣ˵ΪЩ̻֮صŮԴף鴫б۵ģȫˡҲˡ

Ȼǰ
ȥ¥ȥıˣ⣬̫ˣ
ʵ۴ŭһӣ۵ײҲŵһԴҿˡ
ȥȥɲҸ߻ʵۣ̫ȻᷣҲһֱԥĸεģͰٱˡ
ү㻹¥ֵþ˾֪ʵ۴ŭ޵ˣ
Դ˫ַϥϣҲϳ޲˶굽ӵȥ
ʺɫ΢Ȱ䣬ɼʵɫ׻ǽȰĻ˻ȥ̫һɫʾ̫ӰȰһȰ
ӴӹнӹˮƵһڡʺ޹ĲҶϺãɱȹ¥ĺúȶˣǳֹϸϸƷζǰЩš
ԥźѵܹһЩæȰĪЩֻǶ˿ţҲЩֻоţ㵱档
оţ⻰ǻϽͣǵû˻ʵ۵ŭ𣬷ϰն֪¥ˣﻹĸ֪ˣ˶֪ˣ޲֪˵޲֪ʱѾȥöˣ
⡭ҲҲǴ˿˵ԥΪѵ˵ؽ̻֮صĹΣҲ֪Ǽ١
ֻ޲ס졣
ܷ˵û
ԥ̯֣ᣬЩ᲻ˣǱֳģҲ˵ˡ
æεݣǸϧ׵ֳܵЩȥֻԥ˵Ҳûа䲻ԣȷ¥ҲȷǻӸӶﶩΣǰ䷴ĻҲ˵
ŭûԥ֮£ֻԼҪʵ۵ŭճɻˡ
ӷ±յײᷢһȴ˭Ҳûв
ȷǲ˵
ԥںȰҩȻڣҲһ㶣תͷ
ȴ۾һȵس̫ӿ̫ӵĻû˵ڣѾֱͦ˼֪ԼӹȥˡСˣֻҪ̫Ӻͷ˭Ҳ۸á
̫Ǻ⣿
Ȼ֪Ǽ٣ǺαЩ˵ûпĿֻڱյ֮ϣֽյλõһȦûͼԵ룬ŵƽﴦѾķѲ񣬼ȻûиݵĴԣαûϲġ
ԥһҭ
еûиݣ˵ĺһЩ̫ӻˣ
ȴѾǺٻ̧°ͣǰƽѾæˣû֤ݣͲҪ õǰ˵ˣⲻǻ鷳ԥҲˣӦҪТ˳һЩƽΪʷǣǸҡ
ԥһ¡
¥֮¾Ǽ٣ڳŶ壬ɼܲס˵Ϲ
˵Ϲıԥ̫Ҳ˱յλãгԥȥԥƽ˵鲻٣Ҳѧŷֱ٣˵СˣֻǼԣϣҲ͹ȥˡ飬˵ˣǣ㣬¿ɲǼ˵ܶסġԥѾ볯£ҲӦһЩĻҲӦϸֱ棬üԷզզ˵δ̫ëꡣ
ԥ뵽ᱻһͨѵ̫ӽ곤һЩȴҲ˶٣˴СԣݺԷ֪ٻأδ̫ųֵͷѵԥðӦ
˵洫֮Уǧɲ̫ãǰùʱ¶ϳ˴ԥǰŸ˵⴫Ųţȴô˵ԥĿԥģ˵ʱ罫ֹסҲҴʲô
˵˵ȥĴˣ
ԥսֱ֣ŭЦ̫˵ǣҲҵֻ⴫ҲǿѨ磬Ҫ˲˵Ҳƽ¶עǡ꣬ȴ£ƽھкаԵǲʱѾ游ʷǽѣҲӦһЩ֪Ͻǡ
Ϊ˳ۡ
Ͳ̫࣬һһͬ鷿ӣ˵ĵطз̫гԱʱȥ鷳ǸУҿɽıȴһ̫Ӱܣ̫ӻţҲ֡
еһ˵̫ӣҲǿ츳ֶβŵڳ㣬Ҫӹ̹ҪѾ˼ƫƫǡóֺУûɹ٣ȴǹ
˭˵֪Ͻһ˵նһյ飬ѵҲϽ
ʺŸͣǽ˲٣ǵˡ
ţͦţĲˡ
ԥЩЦˣֻҪ飬ҲϽˣҲ飬̫˵红ͯ
֪ܸĪɣϸĺãǺ£ֻҪպ϶ϽһգҲΪǽѣǲã治ɫص츳иߵ֣֮ҲͯǿЩԥֺαؿ𡣡

˼һʱȻ֪̫ⷬΪԼ˵ڹĨԼޱ
ˡʵۿڴϣҲسˣȻֻǴţǾˡ
ԥ߷߱˿ڡ
¶յһڣ۽Ƴܵ͵͵ֺõĳԼЦ̣ջߡ
ԥȴڹд˲ʱۿɫǡסڹ⣬ڹſײ
ͣڹſڣԼģҪ˻ȥԥǰ
ſھĵģֻĬվſڣ£ֻмյܣˣҲʮֻ谵ԥȻ֣ɰһ
ɫŲһЩصʲô
ԥؿһۣ̫Ӳڣû˻㡣
Ա߿ɻأҪǶ֣ͷȥҸʸ״ʿɲ㡣в˵Ƥ֮࣬ȰС¡
ԥĿ¶ӣȴҲƽЩ
¥ɲǴţø֪Ҳ㡣̫Ӱ㣬ȻɲŹ
Σ㻹ݺңĵ°ͣΪ֪Щ飬㻹ǿŮأ¥ôˣ
̫ӸΪ⣿
̫ӸǲǸãȻ򣺡ѲǼʱ

ԥҲÿΣĸ¹Ǹˣƽ⣬ڻ谵ҹȴͽ𺣺Ҳտӣ̫ûˣĺҲͷˡ
Ҳ飺⻰㲻ž˵ԼҪˣ֪жЦ
ԥһЦַſӡ
ǰ£ֱ壬ĽŲԽԽԶ뿪ʲôҲˣųһ
һ󱳣Ȼ󺹡
ֹʲô£˸ϳһֹôϸ¥ͷѵԥвģȫң
ҿ̫ԩˣ

̫·ϻҪһʱգԥĶȴ
֪ʵ֮񲿺ܿ׼Щһжǵ˶֪ˡ
ǧҪԥˣ
ǰ˼ׯӳ黹δȥﻹķԷ֪öЦ˶ڱ͵͵ֹ˵ǰǧľһԱȣȴǼ֥鶪ϡ
Դӹ˼ص֮󣬲֪˶ٻس󣬳ǰۻģ˼˴룬һĶЩ£˼Ҳ̾Ҷ軹ںʱ˶棬ȫûˡ
ǰǶ˵̹ȴԼҵĹŹ˼ѧ
Ҷ裬Ʋȥĳ˵ʵѧãռȫˣԺҪ̫ںδǹŮ֮жǸڹ˼˵Ҫҡͷ
˭֪Ĺ˼ȻҲҪԥˣ
ǧԹȣҪóԱȣԥֵ̫ܣһ̫һԥһߵͽ
ЩϢͨһϢ̲סŴͣæҶ衣
裬֪֪˼ȻҪԥˣ
Ҷڵͷºãصڻ԰ͤ˱īһؽĻҶ趯ͣıʼֽߣճȼʱ㻭鶯
ԥԥˣкιϵҶʣǰİƷȴôôЩԾҿ⻭ǷʲôԾ
չϸһۣҡͷûУҾúá
ҶֻԼٿ˼ڤ롣
裬ͰҲ𣿡
ʲô
˼ѽ
ҶҡҡͷԳݣԥҲŵԣʵ
̫ˡ
ڻصǰ㽫йȥ⽫ȥԥʱǾܾˣɺȴûģȻҵ׵֪֡кδ㣬ɼȻйͷٽԼŮ͹ȥҲûпܡ
ֻǹ˼ǱȻԸȴ˵
ҶϸǰĻãڿ˾ò޸
ʱʮ棬ͷҲ̧Ŀֻڻϣ·ﶼ縡㲻ֵһˡ
㣬ֻǷԼ̫Сˡ
Ա˿ڣչȥҶֻؽȴֻҷҶ䣬ȣҶ̣һһ죬á
ˣȴôô
⻭ǲ̫ˣҶüͷʣǲ̫ͨˣ
ͷˮϾǲαؽƽϣ

Ҷ˿ڣѾ߰ѻȥպã̯һո½׵ֽĥī
ཻã˼Ҳ͸عѵΪ˭صػģ
Ҷ򴽣ȴزס¶Ц̫ƽ˲ٶ˵ΪγٳûлҲ֪Ҫʲôš
ջõĻīδɣٿȥ㶼ֲͬһ̫ӣһҶ裬βҡڵĻȶ͸ż
ע⵽һ£̫ӿҪ񣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
ࡣ
ֻ̫棬һ¥ʱֻע⵽ѧȻʶ̫ˣֻǵԼҲҳ
񡭡
Ҫ
裬ǲʲôطŪˡ
̫ˣôҪ񻹵ͣ
ҲҲáҶ˵Щ˼̫͹ٶǹвеĹ±ҿ౾֮⣬вȴһҲûлҲ̫ΣʧҲҺ̫ӲƽϣֻҪҽǰǵĻϾͺá
ϣ
ҶͷôණЩ±Ʒҳ࣬Ƿ⼸գһֱţʵǲ֪ʲôźá
ֻ˵⻭̫ǵС
̫һͼϵԼԱ߻дһʫҶҶϲмֺߣǸСķźˣҲҰڳҲͻȴûƤèһ̫Ҳдʫ㵽С
и̫ã⼸ջȴôҲ⡣
˸ջϷҶͼвٳƷء
룬͵ģʲô̫Ӧˡ
Ҫˣƽû
ˣ̫Ӹ͵ЩǰҵϲþѡҲӦ߾ȫܺŪȥҶ˼Ƭ̣ʻ
Ҷ˵ĻҶ˻ܸ⡣
Ҷʼһ٣īֽȾջ˼ʵĻʱˡ
æֽߣ±ʺʧ䡣
ѾʹˡҶ̾һ޹˵鷳ޣԸˡ
ƽҶ˺޲ù£ΨϣȴǶ˵䶼巳ѵõģջصرߡ
ֻ˵ƽʱͤж飬Ҷ͹ˣȴһֱӰصضء
Ҳû˰ɣ


 107 

Ҷ輸ǰѼеĵطѰ, ϸ廭, Ŵһ΢, װѺãϸŵУ̫´ʱ, ת˻ȥ
ͳȥ֮ȻЩ, ܾԼ̫, ־ûľ², ޷ǰһΨ̫Ӽ˲̫ϲ
̫Ķǹ±, ѰΨлʹҵǧʱС, Ҳֻ֮ܳſ, ͳȥĶȴֻԼī, ֵǮ, Ҳ֪ϲ̫ϲá
Ҷãŵȵ̫´š
ἰ, ʣֻȸǷ⣿
Ҷ裺
ԼĻ, Ǽһľ£ֻȸ£ȸǽ, У֮ϲã㻭뻭УڻͷֻȸûһֻڻҶϷҲ̫ӿ㲻ͬ
Ҷ轫Ŵͷβһ飬һӦ˼ɣ
ͷ£Ҷɲ٣ҶʱҲȻӦ¡
̫ڻؾǵ·ˣ̫ƱҲҪӭԽԽȣת۾Ϳ쵽ˣҲǸðЩΣǰðĶǴյѣӦ׼ЩᱡġҶЦеص˵òׯֱ͵ѡҪһߣű֥իջµģǲһȥ
Ҷʲôͬ⡣
ֻɫã˱šҶЩȵȻҲϻǰһӣֱ˽еЩȫ͵ϣ˫տյشҶȥ˱֥ի
֥իĵھֽ³ĵĸһЩŵѾжˣҶ˲㣬Ҷȥ¥
˵˵ϲֻۣǲɣȴûϡ˵ģ⻰ǰҲû֪˵Σ¥Ļ˵á
żСƿµ㴫˽
Ҷһ˵˵һΪվϹĹ£м侭ٵѣһۣ|̨Ҳ˲Ƭ̣ջߡ
Ϊ鹹˸˵ʵҶ赹޶¡
Ҷ˷²˵˵Ҷ˵ʲôȻ
λ˿ģ
Ĺ£㻹أ񶫴Ĵù٣ȻҲֻڻˡ
ֻ˵еİӣȴмֶ졣طģǰЩ꣬ƺȷǷһӡ
Ҷɫһִ̧ҶҪ˵ĻȥµĶ
һᣬҵǼˣԼǶʮǰҲһӣ뻰˵һģһʱȥ참ģǡ
ǳ´ˣ
´ˣ˵Ѿȥˣɴǰȴٺ£ǸΪĺô˰
ȹ۵Ĳˣ˵ḧ룬µȷһı
Ȼǳ´ˣ
˴ӳ´˵¼ңִӳ¼˵ĳ¼Һˡ
̫ǳ¼ˣ¹ǳ¼ҵŮʵԥƵԥϡԥѾ볯£ЩҲʵ£ʱ˿ʼ
Ҷ˱ԽԽ֪࣬жлˮ㣬ֻ¼ңԥޡ
СЩ㱻ͷ

ûʲôҶ˵ҵû뵽ԥĶ죬֪Ѿ˵˶ٱ飬Ѿھ֮дˡ
ڻΪ˵ĳ´ǸΪϹĺù٣һãһҲȷǷչ£Ҳʵеؽеһд뵽˳´ϡ
Σʮǰʶ´壬ڳеˣɶʮȥʵ۶һеĹԱҲһǸӲ֪顣
¥Ǿ֮ʢĲ¥ÿչȲİվǲ١ҶĿ͸ֽ˵ӰӰ´µȺ˵ĹºãʱһǱҪĵ׾ԥǸˡ
˳ɻο˶öˣȻ㵱ˡ
ԥǷǸˣҶ貢ԥ˽˵Ҳԥ֮ʲô£ЩҲֻԥЩ˰ӵأɱҪ̫λ
̫йأǱˡ
ҪǸλãҲҪŸɸߵͣ˭ֶһЩۺڣ˭ѹһͷ˭ӮˡѴʱ̫ܻæ˲ٰȴٻرҪ̫
̫ѴˣҲҪæ
Ҫ޸̫ӣպ˱ǷޣΪޣҲӦ໥ֲǡ
ҶһֱиԼԼͷð˳
и뷨
ߣ̫ӣ룬ѾϷ
*
̫ϾŵҪǾŵûиϣҾͼӸһ

 108 

Ҷ뷨, ǰԼԼð, ֻץס, 壬ֱڲ¥ۣһ
, ˵ϿȻԱ絶, ʱ, ֮зԼĿ, ӡ¥ĳ˵, ɰȻ֪֮٣ꡣ
ڲ¥֮һˡͼΪЧĹ£˸ͼ䣬Ϊ, ʵе¼ҵҫһ˵ܿһͽϢ, Ѿ, Ǻ۽ٶ, ΪӡѾı䲻ˡ
ڻͻצ, Ҳͷˡ
շͻأ
Ȩڻʵ, ʱܶסڿڣȴ˳Ըƽ
ܹסأ
ҶԼʶ, һΪ󵨵飬ֻһҲܾȥһ顣
ƽʱдĸ壬ÿһʱգЩĸ˵ĻϳһᣬŵҲ٣дµԽԽࡣ
Щⲻʫ£ʲôֻҪ֣С򡣲˵ˣżҶ趼͵͵Լͷ⣬ǿ֮żҲ˶һ̽֡ˣϳɲᣬһ𣬱ܿһм֮͸Ĺ۵㡣
ѧڵиеӵŷЩĲŸ̵ͯʱѧʫǣҲѧΪ˴ȳʱҲĹ
ë㷢Ĺߣƽ֮£ҲԱīֱԡǲʶֵ˸Ǻã
¿Ա٣ܲŵأ
ܵһطܹ˵ƽ£ǷԡЩ˵ĵǷǣϣС
ҶԼ͵뷨˵Ҷ
ҶڶУΪҲϾ˼Щ˵ۣࡣ
Ҷ˵գŵʵʩ
Ҷ˲ҲҶ쿪ʱ˵λҲ󵨵£ֻǺŮ͵ߣѻʧŮʧ֮ҲֻÿΧŮתƣҲвҪȥ顣
ǻһ뷨ҶҲɻֳޣҶ𾪣Ҳʮֽ
ͿŮʮֳɫκ˲
Ҷѣմԥ취УҲһ˵ڲ¥ÿյ˵ɲʵʡ
ҵȻ֪ЩҶ΢΢Цܸ˵Ȼ뵽һʵİ취
Ҷ˺棺ʲô취
ۡ
ۡ
ۡǳ͢ٱصҲǳ͢ĹٷϢʵּ󳼳ϵֻۣǳõ⽱ǨǸ֪µĸʾ
˵ⶫ˵Ĺ£˵ڲ¥һһ˵Ҫһ´ǣҪѶʱ빤µĹ£̻ᱻκ𡣵᲻һҶԴйһҲʮ˽⣺ּص¿ڶഫ֮⣬øԶŵĸãµĹ£Ҳóġ
ֻ۸߰ƽҸдĸ壬ϳһ࣬ȴҲ˶Ը⻨ӣÿλ¡ֻʫģӲʩչ
Ϳӣֽīӡˢɱ㲻Сÿƪ¶þϸѡףźñ֤˵С㳣ʱ䣬ںһӣǻͨأ
ƶͬģʵϲģŻȥ
¥£һĲˮֻҪǮվſڲѰλǮػ´ͣҲС˵̫̫󣬳ÿۡΪʡ
ۡǵĶǹģҲ޷Щ뷨
ҪٰһݡҶ˫ׯ֣Ҳڼۡǰ㣬ܽϢ㼯ϣ½м⴫ˣлƽ׽ˣҲֽţΪ²ƽֻع
ҶҲݡ
˼ãҪɣɲס
Ҷǰ裬飬ȻǾ·Ϊβȥԣ
ͷһðѿ׳뵽ˣҲ޷Ҳܸоĵһ֣ۡȻҲ̫ܰӴæ
Ҷ¶Ц⣺ȻҪ飬ﵱȻ㡣

Ҷ뵽
ؼ֮󣬱㽫Լؽ鷿֮У˼ڤԼ뷨
ҶҲţѾȥˮģصע⣬ѿ鷿ȫ£Ҷ輯עȥš
ȵˣȥʳصض˶СЩ
󣬼ûŮӰƣֳȥˣ
ڼУֻҳšҶϲ⣬һգҵһ˿Ժú˵˵Ŷϲ˵յ˵ˣҪʣ˵ǵǲر
ͬУͷ
뷨Ƕ쿪Ѿס
Ůʮ꣬˼ҵĹͬǺʫˣȴҲ뵽Щͷ˴֪ö
飬ҶԹ׾ŮȴԶ뷨ɣҲ޲ʵҫһ
ĳȣҪӣ뷨ʧҲҪҪ˲ǡ
⻰ô˵ģҶԹ鷿æˮˣ
æĿڣǣҴˣ¶ȻС
Ҷ˲ǿ⡣
ţҲҴţֻܰѾ߽Ҷ趯һֱҹ鷿ĵƶţҲҶշתߡ
Ҷ˵֮ҲǼۼһݡۡĵ
ڶգҶѾ˳ʳȥû鷿֮г
Ҷ룬صسһˣĺɫظʱжһӵ飬ۡӡˢ˶볤ˡ
ĸŮ˶뵽Ҷ׼һкҶҲ鷿ˡ
һһҹԼ뷨ƹ˲۵ڣȴȡҶ˶ۣͱֽϵ˹ȥ
볯͢еĹٱͬҶ轫Լ֮еֳۡ顣뾩гдʫۡؿһͨաٱһ͢ģԼ˵ģһ̡֣
Ҷ˿ָǸʣǺ⣿
ۡ۸ٵ뽫ȫֽīɱѾСҪþӪȥҪӡӣۡ۸ȴҪõô֡Ҷ˵ͷͷǵʵʩ˳ǵ˶һݣ룬жˣм̿ŵϢ˶֪ӣ
ҶصȻˣҸϢмˣյҲְɣ
Ҷ˿Цá
뵽Ҷ㶼ǽȥˡ
ۡʵʩ˳һ˶죬ɴ˴ϢҲΪƲ壬ѾǮҪ̫ࡣҶ˳ʱδǹҪԴǮ
Ҷ˵ҲʵеҲĶ
ֵ¿вӣļӿŵϢǵ˶ֻ֪ж˹ˣ
Ҷмƻӹִͷβϸϸһ顣
ҶһһҹԼ뵽ĵطˣѾŬƾ֮ǰԼҲ飬Ҷһۿȥһʱȡ
Ҷ£֪Ż磬ĳɫѧʶ¡뷨룬ҶҲʮǸδĹѡ
Ҷ˷ļƻ㾿ġ
Ҷ賯ЦЦ
ũŮʱҲйһʱվñΰգǻҲƽҪ˶֪ĳªĿɺ޷ǻһȴҶԳºݻ߳ʱԼһͷ
ͷƣֽīִٹ⣬ҲƵԥ˵ΪԼơ
һһҹѾãղųͰˡ
Ҫ顣
޳ʵˣм˰䱦õİѾ㹻࣬ǰڻЩҲԼֻ
ǶΨһŮδ̫ôˣҲҪԼΪ˵̡
ҶʣΣɻʲô֮
Ҷ˻ϲ˵Ҿãʲô֮վˣճǰء
Ҷ賤һ
ʱʱǿеġ
ǵ̫ӵ˹ʱұ㽫¸֪̫ӣ̫ҲÿУӦˡ
̫ӣ
Ҷɷµص˵ͷԥģҪ̫ߵͣۡʵʩǱԥķ㻹Ҫã˵Ҳ̫ܰæ
Ҷˣ
ߣΪԼŵܸϣдһϰ
ӸʵдˣӸɣŶ
*
ƻѵһƪɿɰ~
ּǡby 
İ
ӴС÷ۿҪˣȴһ֣Ȣͬĸá
˶ſϷ˭֪̫ۣ빬
ǶΪ歽ֻ̫˭֪ţ˻ʺ

˭֪˵
໨Ʊ£
ϰ״ɷۺнݱ
ϴʫԡ
УϲһȸԹޡ
͵͵˺ܶǣǿȸԹ޴Ӳ˵
ÿСȸΪʲô˵ʲô˵˵ֺֺǡ
һգȸԹܲ˿ڵޣҪ޸𣡡
正
˭֪ڶգ޵˰ˡ

 109 

ԥЩֶ, ֪, ǰѾһ, ͼʶԥֶΣͬˡĹѾڶ顣
ֻû뵽ҶҲ˵, ٰ󣬱ʼ취
ѵд, Ŵʱ, ӻЩ, ֱźּȷҶ, ſ㿴Ҷ⡣
ۡ
˳еһҲĳȡ
ܿһۡ볯͢ٱͬٱ˵Ķǹ£ְĹԱ֮, ˻ЩҶۡȴǽ˶˽ȥ, ϰùԱ, , °ϰգ̯, һжˣ
ԥ, ɲ¥µ˲жٸۡڴ󣿲¥˵˵һҪ࣬ʱ, ۡأֻ象ֽգ۱
Ҷ˵ΪһŷͣպҪʲôֻҪۡ˵˶˳⡭һ뵽˸ĵط
ӻعȻдţбʾָͣһϸ΢֮󴵸īȥ
ۼ첽뿪мȴٳƽ
ϱӣҶΪұΪ뾡˰취⣬˭˲ܳƵһҶΪ˼ʲƽȴҲֻܽʡⱲӣٵȴ
ҶΪԼģֻⱲҶ費ǰ࣬ҲίһӵϹֻԸƽϲ֣˳졣
Ҷ
ˣҶҲ¡
Ӽ֣һδõģǵѾУ֮еõĸ࣬Ľʹĳ誣ȴԼˡ
ԭҶ
ٿۣվڵڷⲽò׵ȼƽʱǰһֽʿʼд

̫ӵͷҶ󵨷ĵذ
ҶѰӣۡӡˢҲ볤ˣҶмѣ飬Ҫȥܡ
֮УۡҲͨգǱҲҪࡣдǰ㣬ҪۡҲд¡
ֻҶԼ޷ǵˡԽԽ룬ǳӱҪҲǷǳĶࡣ
Ҷ붨һӣǷ
ԭգ׸ŮЩӻΣҪ£һˣҲϡ
ŮСС֣ҪۡõķչȥҶ˵ⲻΣҪ飬ѾҲ٣ӶҪͲҪ飬ǰˡеڣѾҵʮ㣬㹻ˡ
ֻǷ
湤дĿޣӲ٣ŮԼҪϿǵģǽ
˼˵ŮûһܱȵŮġ
һĺӣ
ҶӣҲʮ㣬ȸÿһλţҪǵ¿ۡϡļǮ㹻񣬵Ҳ˶ȱǮƽѺɺвдŻؾ
ҶҲ٣˱Եȥ롣
δݶв㣬һȥ塣Ĳѧھ֮Ѿ㹻ƽ·ӵ
ȱʶҲԳӭӣҶ˵⣬ҶӦҲ֪ƽдʫ壬͵֮УҶƽҲΪдʫģӦ֪ǮҲ㹻ǸõĻơҶ⡭
ʵʵ˵á
ҶȻҲδ˵ۡȫ;ֻ˿׵СС֣ͬйǴһʫһʱˡ
ǵ壬յŵ˶롣
ҶҲҪд̫£ֻҪƪƪ̲ޣֻҪƪ㹻ˡǮ㹻Ҳܿĸߡ
ҶǳֺáҡͷҶѾнʳպҲ̫αҪЩ
Ҷ跴үҰţд£Ѿ˸լʹӣǣȴȻиߵͣΪأ
Ȼһʱס
Ƭ̺ŵҶ˵ˣȻֻǼƪ£ҾӦˡ
Ҷ㣺ģǮȻ
ߣŶ

 110 

صҶһ
ھһСլ, ؽ, , ģעıԺһƬ֣صµġ
Ҷ赽ʯǰ, ˶ˮֶ¡
ǲݽ, ĸһοƾŲ־, ѧý, һֻѧھ֮ðլԺʹ, ѾǺܲסʢзţҲҿвѧȻҲ޷ھ֮㡣
ˣҲŹ鷳Ҷ˵, , صҪеۡʲôݡ
Ҷƽ, ֣, ƺҲСС֡
ҶҲͲԼ뷨
Ҷ뷨ʵ, ȴǲҶ, ʵ޷뷨岻̾ƽҶҶ£֪ҶŴ, һ֣ǲͬ졣
ˡֻһСС뷨δʵУ֪ΣʢޡҶ費ԵصϴӦд£ǰҴæܹۡɹãҲдڡ
屻˵Щ˼æҲֻдƪ£ǮҲǺϺôйءûңҶҲ
Ҷ̾һ֪в˶ܾͳȥŵģǵһӦҵģܲǴأ
Ҷ˵ЦˣҶھ֮еҲңҶڣҪҶ¡ЦҶѴмֱ棬ֻҪҶﲻӣҲ԰Ҷﵱ˵͡
Ҷ۾һ
Ǵ඼ϵãĻʫĻѣҶ壬ʫϵáھж꣬ϵæ˵飬Ǵ±ˡ
ϳæʵǸм
ЦЦֻǰ˵ûصģҶĳ⡣˵λҿ޷Ҷ
Ҷһ٣˵ǡ
Ȼǳˡ

ھʮֳڣȻҲ˹ڽЩӵˣд£ڲ¥ֵۣıȴǰҪƵ˵ȱӣ㿪ļǮ㹻ߣ˵Ӧ
Ҷá
ﲻӣΨûи誷
˵Ҳ޵誵ȷʮǵɶǶԳ誱Ƴ硣
Ҷ룬˵Ҫ׼ǣ²̫С
˵ͷ˼ǶԨԴҲͲ˵ˡ

˵飬ǰ˴æҶٷв˴Ӧ
鷳µˣࡣ
Ҷ軹ۡػ¡Ҳ˶ʫʣ˵ڲ¥ʱҲֻǻ߿ɱЩˣֻҪҶ軨ӣѰ˺ʵˡ
Ǹ߱ھҲСĻҲ׷д龫֣ǶΪһһ²ʤ
Ҷ˵֮صѰ˰ĻĽζ
˵»ĵ棬дʵںÿǹ֮еĹӦϲҶ²˵ڲ¥Ļӣÿһ¥㼷ˣҲĻʱ
㣬Ҳصĵʱ˿ˡ
ҶͷԱߵ壬Ķ죬ԤĶ֮󣬱㽫¹µĵһ»˹дǽϿ뱨İ׺ˮ׼ɲɲͼҧĽ֣Ҷ˷ɿؿ꣬Щδ
̧ͷ㿴ҶڰдЩʲôչȥһƣֽдǾĵ꣬Щдֱ֮һһȥ
дʲô
Ҷʣ룬ֽһˡ
룬һؿļҶ˵ֻЩѾСۡδҲЧǿǲӡ
кѣҶЦеصﲻͺˣ

ҲвӣǰĲңΪƫƫҪˣҶ˵˵Щȥ֣ҵҲǲȻҺǷ㣬αԶҪȥˣ
Ҷ¶ɣѾӣְæ
ۡΪҵٸӣǶǻݻôǰæأҶһظۡúãö˿ô˶ҵӣܸӣ˵Ҳдôġڲץᣬպˣӻ󲻵һλãȻռסˡ
Ҷ֪Լۡûã˵ģΪѾһˡ
ЦãҶʮּ֣صصһӹЩҪҵЧòãÿԿǲǣպ̸ʱԹһʵļλ
Ҷ豻˵ˡ
ʮذ³д飬ȷ󣬲ŽҶˡҶҲ˳ʮ濴Űӡ
ΪǵһأҶҲ֪ЧΣټҶˣ㿪һʮʵݵļǮۡտʼҪӣҵһҶ˺Ѿ֮ϲ
ۡݱ׼ţյĸ壬Ҳ˵һ»أҶѰ޾֮еĸϢΪæòɿ
Ҷعʱ֪춼ѾȻȥȣлˣ԰￪˵Ļ࣬涷ޡ
̫Ҳؾˡ

˼Ǵ⡣
ԥףԥ嶤飬˭ҲĲˡ
ٳţ˵Ҳǳǧ𣬶δԥˡһ䣬Ҳ̶ͽЩʱգŸ磬ĹάҲ࣬ù˼ǵ⡣
ż˼վӣ͸ͭԼһδʺģ
ʵܹżӣԥ֮һԥҲǾλѡǾнչԥԽԽãδԥҲ⡣ԥϻλǻʺˡ
ϱӣԥļ֮һԥԺвңвֻۣģã˵ùٳ裬ʱԥҲšȴͬˣҪԥԥҲ볤УҲǺǻػϱӵ壿
Ժһ۵ļ檣һԥζɲ̫ˣϱֻԥܶഹⱲҲóԸԥôˣһõԥ顣
˼Ǵ⣬һ䣬ҲἰǰЩ󣬴ҶҪԥӣҶδԥ
Ҳ̫̫ҶõȵŴ飬ȴһ̫ؾ֮󣬱ҪһգֻҪ£˳ԥ
˼ֻ޲ʱÿЩԼٷһЩ뵽ԥҪԥԺЩȫߣǰլĶǣɳԹٿͷǼܳģǷⲻȴǷˮתѹһͷ
ģҶ衣
Ҷ֪һһΪʱҪĴѰҶӰǵȦӾô˺ü磬ȴһҲû
Ҫҫȴ޴˵ù˼ѡ
ֱ̫ؾӭٹٽյ˼ģ̿ʼԼ
Ҫĸʱɲ٣˷ͱ˳Щһֱţڳǰ̧ͷɳȴһˡţδԥĸףǷ⡣Ҳ˼һ⡣
Ϊ̫ǰ¶˼صʢװһնʮִ󷽣ԥҲʱͶȴǿԣĺܡ
˵ҽǴκã׺ã˼ԥӼǻԥģǵ׼ģҶϲʵʵ
˷˿һۣĳϣȻҪԥ͵ġ
˵ǡ˼̵صջܼԥ£ԥ¼ˣȻҲỶϲ
˷˺Ц԰ӣһͬ￴ȥͭеЩģصشȴǹˡ
Щӣ˼ãɫҲ˲١ȨˣҪԥҲ˲١
˷˵̫ϲԥҶȻҲ̫ܵġ̫ϲҲˡ
ô±أ˼°ͣžеԼҪҲǣҿԥˣֺһҽһܼҶ裬̫ӳҲˡ
̫Σԥˡ
˭֪˭ϻλԥӮˣҶҲóǽƵӣ˵ӻҪıϱӵҡ
ʱˣ˼˷һȥ
ԥصصڹſڡ
ݿ㣬ٷ磬վڹſ˲˵ע⡣ԥ̸֣ݱˡ
˼ԥվ֮⣬ĿԼ˫һ죬ʱ
¡˼˵ô
֪ҪȻ㡣
ԥ֣ͷβϸһ˼ɬֵⲻѣտǾĴһ
Ρ
Ŀԥ͵ΣԥȻܷҲȻܶİʾ
ԥһܸ˰ɡ
˼½ǣҿߴʣ¿ɿҽкβͬ
ԥԣء
ʶŮˣЩָƣֻ˼ģ³뷨ʱźլĻŭţҲǵΪԴסҲ
ԥָ̧֣ޱ䷢𵽶ָⲻػȵĶ˼һ̧ͷʪĽ||ģ˿ΣҲزס
ԥ˵ոÿ
˼ۼ
û˵ҲˡԥһǷˣ
ˣ͵Σôϲأֻû˵ﻹݰˡ 
˼ϱӣмصõٳʱԥҲᡣֺֻԺ̫࣬вۣñ˷Щ⡣
˼߽ʱЩᣬԥҪ˵ҲֻӹôЩ޸ԥ˳ԥվԥԣҲع˼
ʲôҲƲˣջߡ
˼ͦأʮʣǷ񿴼Ҷˣ
Ҷʱһ
ԭѾˣζҶص׼ģҶ˺޲ýеĺöѵϣΨԼҶ赱ȻɵʱҶ˺Ȼְˡ
Ҷ˶ͷϵƣƺҸ׼ġ
ҶЩţɫʣкβ𣿡
Ҷϸһһǲǰӻˣ

Ҷƿߣ顣
֪Ҫ磬̫صһιһҪϡκǺãҶѾ׼ˣΪѡֱױʱҶ̫׼һʮƣһ滻û뵽ȻǱˡ
ҶصοһףȱһͲˣ˵Щƣɵײԭģ㻹ǻȥĺá
ҶĬһҶ˰Ҳ飬ֱ׳صôƣǲԭǸÿЩ
СѾߺȻᵽʱɴ۾볯ԼſڣҶ˲ɫȻ׺ݵߣôҲûа취˵Ļ
ѵصƺȷǷ׼ĸЩ
Ҷ⣺϶ƭ㡣
ҶɰΣֻȥ˻ôҪĳϣݲһ
̫Ǳߣ˽Ҳһ»ٺɡ
˵̫Ҳһֵᷢˡ
˹˹ʱ˶Ѿˡ
Ҷ󣬱֪̫Ӳɵţصع۲ܣһСŮмڸȥһƣȻ˵ȴѾõ̫ӡ
ӲֱȥֻùŮţһڹһڹ⣬һؿɲסò׼Ӷʱ۾һĿϵ´һδüޣҲδü˵ЩĻ߱ͣͷϡ
ҶͷϵιʶĿҶصҽģֵƣҲʮ־£϶ϺáòศɣǳݽΣĿ
˴ɫЩģôûҸ͵Σ
صضΨҶˡҲ׼ģص˶Լķʵһס
Ҷˣվһʱһ۱ܿе֮˶֪̫δ޸ҲϬͶϡ
ƫƫҶû
ͷķڣһӾͱ֮ͨͨ
ߣһ~

 111 

Ҷ̱ע⵽ͷϵķڡ
֮ǰ, ֽԼͷϵȡ·Żغ, һεģ, ȻҲϵóڵ̫֮İǰƫƫˡ
ҶȻҲ֪
ֻٶҲã̫Ӱ׷һࡣҶ̲ס࿴˼, ̫ӰһϿ̫, û, ҶǸܵļί
˭˼, һ׼֮ڴ, ȴǿջϲһ˭Ҳ˲Լ̫뷨ڹУҲ޷ȥλ
ҶֻС»ġ
һ, ÿɷ
ʢϯмأѵþеҶۼڴ, ȵ», ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ, ˵ҪҶĴˡ
Ѿ»ԼʲôҲ, Ҳ֪Ҷδ̫, Ѿǰ϶Ҳһ١
ֻǡ
Ҷȥ벻ʲôͷش, »Ҳ֪ҪѶܰ˺áͷԷɿתţδʲôǰ˺Ȼǰһ
Ҷʶһ˼һ±ϣǽ˲üû˺·Ҷ軹ûعǰһһ˲һԴ῿ļϡ
Ҷʱ۾ӲһҲҶ˫Ҳ֪ðںδźã߬ɿֻСغһ£
ְ뻳С
Żϸ֫Ҳ飬ֻ˱ڻУѾ˷˺ܴ
Ҷȴͷһ׽
ϵã§§ȻҲйȴǲͬ˵岻Ůǰſᱡ֫Ӵĵطÿһֻ̫ӵϢǵؽ֣ͷĿѣնҲȻ⡣Ҷһͣ˺ɱǼֵĵ޹ȴʮԣ·һ£ʲô治顣
⡭ⱾҲѾˡ
Ҷ̧֣ҲƣֲȵϢĶֻ󾱺ëӶ䵽ָⶼ
ֻᱧһ£ܿɿ
˺һεʣ㵱ǲˣ
Ҷ۾ðȴ˵һ仰ҲһֱӱˣҲ
˱ˣ˵ٶҲáҶ۽΢죬ҲֲĻߵģɿʱŭȴ˰أ̫ʧ񡣡
˵ǡӵóԸ۽üҶ͸ϲ⡣
˿룬ռֵı˲ʵʵڡ
йԾص»Ҷʹ
ﻹ»أ
Ҷŭصһۣĳ˴ʱ棬˿塣ָҵɷܽң
Ҷ֮⣬ɶѾףҶժ¸
ֽ壬ŵСõصǶ˵
˵Ƚҹ䡣ҶװһЩҩģĿζŨЦӯӯؿҶ裬Ķ
Ҷ裺ǡ
ʣ㲻Ը
Ҷֻýˡ
ϲʤڲʱ磬æŮϯ֮ϡ
ֱҶʱϵ£ճԴ侲Ҳڻع߬˵
ûΣǶ˻֮̫ԭԸ
̫ӻҪ
ҶĿ࣬Ϊĳ˽ձǰһĺ޳ܸе𾪲ѡ
ҶʣǴĶģ
Ҷ裺
ҶЦӯӯؿ˵ʾ䣬Ѿ֪»뿪ʱǵ˵һвǼҲ֪˭˼öСЩ
Ҷ˳صͷӦǡ
ҶߣҲȥˣֻʶȥ壬ӦǱʱ棬߽ǴѾĥʮԲֻһ뵽̫ӵ֮Ҷһɿ˻
ڴ֮£̫ˡ
̫ͷѾףɾȴܺãõ⻬ԥ߽һ·ԥ˵ЦȥǸƵ˼ңֱ˻ʵۻʺɫ䵭
Ҷһʱ̲ס̧ͷ࿴һۡ
̫վڻʵߣɫҲһ䵭ԥǰЦģȻͬҶһ䣬ͣƬַ̣ɿջߡ
ڽ֮ǰѾҶ˵̫ʵǵĹϵ֪˹ϵ׽ֵزϵҲˡ
Ҳǣ˵̫Уʵۻɱӳء
Ҷ̾ϢһҶһ£Աз˴չ̸ҶһӦ
̫ºϵĴȰδ𣬶ԥԥˣʱֻԥʱʱŹհһԥվڹŵţȻԥĲ
ĸˣⶼġ
̫Цſ˼䣬һתʣ˵̫λѾѡˣ
ǡʵ۸͵ǶŮ
Ů̫ɫ䵭ҶҵĹһˣ°Ҳ˵ˡ
Ůʧգܣ͵ط
Ϊβ밧˵һ̫˵̫λõô꣬ȴһϢҲûõǽҵˡ
ҡֻ´˻ĸģֻȴ֮ʱĸ
֮գ̫ģ̫˼࿴һ۵Ļᶼûˣ
ĸ࿴Ҳ鷳ĸɫҲУ̫һУ̫ãκ˶á
ǵǻʺ̫ǰҲ̫λöͷҪ¼ҵŮ̫֮λɱӵܾҲ棬Щ̫
̫֮λôãȻðһˣã
̫˵̫ã˵£
Цѣǰҵʶʶ̫ӿõ̫ʲô
治ɫصĸлġ
̫󣺡
ʺԱһ
Ϊ̫Եʣ˴ǰֵòÿ̫Գѹˣ̫ҲǸ׵ͷӣЩ̫סڹ⣬γǱ̫Եʡ
̫ʢסЩ̫ӵ˲٣ɽȴԴǼ񣬲ϵͷ
ʵЦǺǵشԲĸλǴã
λҲͲˡ̫תͷԥֺƲ٣ԥǰдŹ˵ѾõĹλҪ˴飬˵ǳĹԭҲ˵˵˼ҵĹǾ֮жɫġ
ʺϳƬ̡
̫뾩꣬Ծ֮зɲһȺ̫ɷֵ壿
ֻ̫˵ҴǰҲ˼ҵĹֻһ棬ҲȷһеĺúӣʱСҲţĹҲδӳɫġ
ʺ󣺡
ɫ΢ɣѵõصͷȷǾõġ
̫˵һ룬ͣѵõҭһ£ĿŹֵؿһۡƽʱû̫˳˼˵
˵ԥ̫ʲô£
ԥɫҲЩΣԼô̫˵Щ
æ˲ˣҲˣĸɷҪ
̫ʱ£˼ҵĹҲˣ˽йðҼ
ֵ̫һ𣬹˼㰺ͦصˣȥʱ˵Ŀⶼ䵽Լϡվʱֻƻʧɫ
̵ֽǣѧģʱ
Ů̫
̫æ̧ͷðơ
˼ŵ֣߬ǰҶģֵ̧ͷȫļ˶ǰĿҲΨ
̫üЦǸù
ӹ˹ǣ۵ײЦ⣬ƳԵԾԾԵسϵ֣ɫ˵ܵһš
ɫһ䣬ֱ塣֪Լ÷ôʱˡ
̫棬˼С߹ȥ¡̫ߣһԥٶʢضԡֻҪ̧ۣܽС
˼ЩƮƮȻµˣмյλϣ
̫֣ýˣϸϸһЩȥˡ
˼ЦӦ£ȴЩ⡣ʱ̫ˣ
ԥյʲôûס۵һЦ
̫ɫȥǿЦ⣬̬ʧϸӲãɾкβԣ
ԣȻǴĲˡһһ˵λСûǰÿô£ԽԽˡ
˼߬½ǣȴܷԥԡ
ʲôģʵʵ˵˵ʵҲˣҡͷһʱ̫ãĸۻ軨Сԭʲô벻ˣҪȻôܿóأ
ʺѣ
˵ر˿ڣٳŹ֣̫ӹȻûһƻϲ˲һҧȥǰɿڡ
ʺЩΣǧһ¡ĹС㣬ɲǴǰĹС
̫뵽ôһ⣬ҲһסӦŹ˼֣ϧصúӣܿˡ
˼ͷ¶˽׵Ĳһģ
ԥдʱŻһʫǿдģ̫ʡ
˼Ůдġ
ҲǱʫʫ治˼ҿɵȺɫǰҼǵûǰǸĲѧҲǶõģҲضá̫һָۣ˵ͣдʫѾʳҲҳġ
̫󲢷ⴵʵĿޣǱʫʱҲһʫ
üë
˵Ҳɣ̫ãúҶʫ
˵ܵһš
æҰѹһš
̫תͷüͷ𣺡
ɤӣĸ⻰˵Ҳԡ
̫ЩЦˣƽֺУ߻֣Ҳ飬Ҳܶʫĵĺûܿʲôԣ
ĸɲ˵һصȻ飬ʫģҲ֪˵ĺûеĶԾҲûκζԲ˵飬λС㡭ɲһˡ
˵ҡͷһǸп̾Ϣģ
̫ЩЦˣ˵˵ʲôԣ
˼亹ֱץ½ǣΨ˵ʲôҲ޷
ԥæ˵ˡ
ĸҪ͵øˡɲˣ̫ӻԱ߸أִһƻϲؽҪ˵λС㣬ھģʫ˵ɡǰҲ֪ô£ʫʱ˵棬ѱ˵ʫ͵ԼģҪЩѾȿ˵ͱƭ˹ȥ
һҧƻ࣬һ߳һߺ˵ҪǲأڳˣǶˣҲԶû˵С㶼޳ܵˣ˭֪ʫǲǻ͵˱˵ʫءĸ˵ǲǣ
̫ɫ
ˣԥϣ㲻Ҫף
һۣףԼ飬Ϊţʲôף͹Сѻĸƭת
ĸԥæ̫˹ǰ£ȷ˴£Ѿ֪ҲѾ֪ܸĪɣĲѧʵʵģƭˡ
˼ҲŻŵصͷŵؿ̫
̫ظҵ˼£ȻŴݡ
ʺٵص
һƣ治˵ˡ
ɽ̫Ҳٴӹ˼¹ΨԼ˵ʲôðʲô֪飬ֻȻȥú˽һһ˼̧˼ڼ˼ĵһ棬ҲԹ˼һСɼ
˼ĳ
̫ת̫ӵ̫˵̫УնҲˣ
еصɣĸձлܼ
̫󣺡
̫˰Ҷ
ֻҶվһλĹԶԶģܿ񻣬̬󷽣ߵýˣݿø׶üò̫ٹȴ׵ģֻƤ࣬òúãָʤһֹ󷽣ǽ˹
̫֮ǰһ˼̫¶ϲǰҶȣмϲĹ˼һ±㲻ˡ
Ů̫
̫һ־ǰ˳м졣
ѵΪ񶨹ˣ
Աʱ𣺡ĸ㿴Ҷǲĺܣ

˵ҶԭȾڳģأĸƣҶǷǰĸӳɫ˲٣
̫һ
ǶʧɢŮ
˵أС͵˱˵ʫ͵ĿɾġδɩɩвŻˣǵ˶֪ͷ˶óƺһˣɴ͵˵ʫ
ֻ̫ͷĿѣ
ʲôʲô
ожٹϵ
ʺſڣΪʱֻĬĬ͡
ĿҶϣ̲ס࿴˼ۣܾм졣
ߣӸ

 112 

ҶҲ֪߷ʲô, ˵, о˵Ŀⶼ䵽Լϡ
̫ӵ˵Ĳ˵, һߣ˼Ŀνʮֲƣ̫ҲǲԾ
ҶֻԼԩ͸ˡʲôҲδ, ô˶̫ôͲһЩ
Ҷ费ͷվԭ, ۽ӿȥԭֻɿؿһ۱ջ, Ҳڿ, ˵ʱϡҶѸջߣ۹۱Ǳǹ, ҿ
ӿ壬ߺЦջߣ״ֵ˵ܵһ䣺˵䡣
, 治˵ˡ
ƻֹ, Ҳ֪ĸһ, ҪץԥǱ, ˵ǧ飬ǧÿ
ĻЧʵں, ˵˼, ԥɫѾʮѿ̫
Ҫ˼˭֪, Ȼȫ䵽̫ȥˣ
̫̫ԸϣҲò˵ǰĹʮֳɫĹ֮Уȷٮٮߡ
ٺãҲ̫ӵˣԥްϵǲ
̫󵭵صҲˣȥɡ
Ҷ费ףӦǣҪ¡
΢ɿתͷ˻ʺһۣʾʮԣֻ˵⡣
ʺ󣺡
ʺֻõɡ
˻һ̫ʱб˻ʺһۣʺף߶ϣ˳
˰棬ڻʺߣҶ
λʮʵλֱ̫ʺ󣬹˼̫ߣǱԥҶڻʺߣ̧۱̫ܿӡ
֮󣬱Ҳ񷽲ǰСҲԹشĳˡ̫Ҳҵúúõģ󷽷عҳ˲֪˭ĶֻҶ֪Լģۣ㲻˼ƿĿ⣬Ҷ࿴
ýʺ㿴øˡ
ҶȻʮ죬ղ֮ǰĳϿ
̧ͷ̫һۣ̫ӴʱϲײĽ뻶ϲĿԱߣֺǺǳƻӣž۾ʲ١
˼άϵЦ⣬ЩеӶšˣ
ճ֮ǰѾ໭棬ʲôضϯϴͷҶ޷ԡֺ̫֮еĵһ̫պھҲߣ
˭֪
ôҶ軵ĺ£
ö˶˵ģΪηҪЩ飬񵹺ãһμ̫󣬸̫ĵһӡȴ㲻úá
Ҷڻʺ£ֻǿջЦ
ԥƺǷΣæ֣ʱ̵ģǰ
ԥֺõصĸɼǵЩ
һƣĵǲ֮ϻвģǧֻлʵۻʺɫһ㶣ɫ䵭
̫֮Ҳʮָпѵˡ
ĸ뿪֮ǰϲ⼸ģϧеȴδһߡĳģ£Ҳ²еζԥ˵֪ĸջصŷ˻ĸԵĵģĸ֪Ƿеζ
̫Ǹп˳Ļһģͷ
ֶԹ˼˵Ҳ
˼Ҳ˳˵˲ٺûһʱǱڡ
ԥҲֹЩأ֪ĸϲصضŷϲĲɫȫ׼ˣȻܳǷ񶼻Ǵǰζ
Ӵۿǰеĵġ
ɲԥ᲻֪
ⲻ̫󰮳ԵĵģԵĵģԴȥ̫֮㻻˿ζǰԵĶö֮ͱ̫ϲáȥ˶꣬ԥص𣬾Ŀɼ
̫ȻԼǰ£ԥФƳ¹֮УξãŻعԥˡ
Ҿ֪ԥģ˿ɲһָ̫صԥ˷ģ˵꣬ҲʱԥϢԥ׵ġ
ԥ۾һæĸˡ
˵꣬͵͵̫ӿȥ⼸գ̫һ£ǰúˣȻܴšʵƫ̫ӣ⽫½̫̫·ϣѾ֪̫һ
̫ԥҲʵöԥ¡ʵۣ˵ǲǣ
ʵЦǺǵӦĸ˵ǣԥµȷֻڲ¡
ֱ̫˵ˣк·ģҿͽԥˡ
ĸģ̫ӰҲ̫Ӱޣ޽Ҳա
֪̫̫ҲǷˣҲܽ鶼ϣƽ̫Ѿʮæµԥ̫ӵĵܵܣֵܣҲϸö̫ӷǽѡ̫תʣ̫ӣ˵ǲǣ
ӴüĿӦĸ˵ǡ
̫⣬̫ҲʶȤǱԥҲϲҪлӽŵʽղΪŴ˵İӷͽ½ɡ
ԥ̫󣺡
һƻЩǺںڣ£ɿس̫գ۰ʾզ°զйϵˣ
һصҲǹµĵܵܣԥƽҲʮַæɣУȥʲ
ʵԳ˼Ϊ˿
ԥɫӲ̫ӣ½ԥƺ̫׵
кβףɫҲǹµ׵ܵܣֵܣҲΪ·ǽѣ˻ǻĸ׿˵ģкβף
ƽֺУδ£齻ǲʡ̫罫½ԥҿԥ£ʲ
ҡͷ˵ǰδʲô£¶пͷԥΪʰʱҲʲôҲᣬͣҲʱÿʼѧϰЩ
ȻˣѧѧҪѧɣҲҪѲʱŴǸӿɵȲȽԥɡ̫¾ˡ
ȻӦ£ԥæҪ࣬ȻˣҲΪǽѣ飬㽻ɡ
ӵ˵ܵһţſڣֻͦţ°ͣҲصû֣İѴ½ѹܵ
ԥȴɫ䡣
Ҫ²٣ɹȴĸ볯ڹ£ľӪѾ˲ô˵͸ˣ
ѿڶʲôҲôͽ
ԥ⻰˵ľͲˡΪʷʱͷһҲĹôֵͲˣ̫ĻԥҲǷˣϵŵ̫ˣҪ۳ҶֵܣҲǶ˲ԥ˵ǲǣ
ԥɫףȴ޷Ӧ¡
Ȼ֣лֿأȻһѹܵúͻʱһĺá
ɡ
ˡʵ۴˶˵ĻţǶҲسˡ
ԥĵس̫ȥ
ʵ۵ĸ۳Ͷ٣ʵ࣬˶ѳ꣬ͣҲĸ֮»˷ˡ
̫ԣɫѿؿһۣ󵽵Ҳδ˵ʲôһʵ˼һ̫ͱˣִȥ»ֵʮѿ
¾͵ǽ˹ȥ֮ȴʵۻʺר˼ԥ˵
ܲ죬Ҷһֱü˳Ŀһţʱ̧ۣ̫ӿ˹ȥ
ע⵽ߣ΢΢ͷָ΢ָָϵĵġҶͷȥĻǹ˸նϵģ˵̫ĿζҲʲô֮󲻽̧ͷ
ٰʾʲôʺ
ʺɫصġ
˵ţϵĵӶ𣬷ŵҶǰ˵ʲôŻӵĵطһֽλεسڶǰ
ʺ󣺡
Ҷֿ߬УΣֱͦ˼˿һر
ߣʺҺúһˣȴҪҼװԼǸϹ

 113 

ҶҲֽ֪Ǻʱµ, ǷŹ˶ϵʱһ, ˽´Ϣ, ƫƫڻʺǰ޴롣
ֽŵ߬ţҶһʱ֪Իʺ
ڻʺһЩ, ЦЦ, ġ
Ҷ賤һ, һֻŵķ, ŷģʲôζҲû, ȥ
ʺתͷȥʵ˵ųһ͵͵ͷȥ
ֽдţҡ
Ҷ費ࡣ
̧ͷ̫ӿȥȴõĳЩ޹ЩڨڨĻӦӵ뷨, ԭֻù͵ĵĽ, ͵͵Ҷ, ˭֪Ҷ豻̫˹, վûʺҲˡ
ҶԵһ, Ʋͷȥ, ࿴ֻ֮ʺС˵Ż
һֱȵϯ̫÷, 뿪ҲɢȥҶ蹪񣬶ȥѰҶˡ
ҶһץסŵʣԶҲûʲô̫ûеɣ
ҶҡҡͷʺҺܺá
Ҷ˲ųһ
Ҷһ߳ȥֱ˹ţԼҵС˵̫λҪԥ˼ҵѾͷҪԥպҲٲðǶ˱ȽϡҵǲֻǴǰ̫Ҫѳ¼ҵĹ̫̫Ӹˣ˵ĹϵҲ̫ãֻ̫Ǩŭ㡣
ҶЦЦ̫ڹУڹ⣬ƽҲţﵹҲص
ҶҲˣΪԺļѴʼֻһ룬̫ǻ˻סģʺҲվ̫ߣ̫ѣҲһԿͷ
Ůޣ»޸һıĻˣ»Ͽ̱ţ̫ӻʺǺãҪҶ̫ĥŮദʱ䲢㳤ãΪ˸ĸĵȴһҲû١
ĸŮЯصУһߣʺҲ̲סԹ䡣
Ҽϴŵ죬ãմġǶ˶ǿ죬֮ﶼˣҲƼ
ȴЩҲֻһ˲Ҳû˵ɲϧ
ʺ󣺡
̾һҲƼص˵ߣһл˵ͷҲأֱˡ
ʺ󳹵ƿԣö࿴̫һۣڰˡ
̫ԥŻʵ۵Ϊһ˭ҲͷΪ˺ü죬ڸе˼գûȵʥּ˵¼û̫ӣҲûԥǽ˳һλ󳼣ųһ׷ĵسȥ
ŵĵһ£һȥ
һջûȥͱٱѺϢУʵŭʺæȥӣţҲ̾һ
ȥż棬Ҳ̲סѵ⣺ԥ˵ͣҪԼƣص˰λˡ˵κãŴ˵İӸԼʧᣬȻỳģ㲻Щôƫƫײ
Σ˼үٱҲҵõһηһסɼˣҲ䳱ʪۼһֻǰֻܹѲˡ
ίòˣûѽص˺üˣⲻǿ˶ȥ鰸ˣҲܳ˭֪ôСⶼȥô˻ǺţҲŸսķٱͳ˽˵ͰҸץˣԩңӶûͳأ
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õ
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֣ŵΪ̺ñ죬һʳУ涼ŷĳʳ
ĸҴģú÷ʡ졣˵ȥ֮󣬹ٸЩҲʡٱԥѡ
ԺúȺãҲͲˡ
Ǻ棬ԥɱʲô̫۵Ĳ£̫鷳ҲãЩΣյľ͸ˡ磬Ͳ飿ҪҶ㵽ͷȥЩٻ
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úôŰɡ
̺õıһɣʲôæıӰ磡˸͵С̫ˣ
̫ͷҲأҲ֪ûС
ţ룬ȥ˹ɶҶ˶ڼңҲ˳˳Ľȥˡ
ﲻڣҶԷĴ󵨵سһӱ̾һ
Ҷ棺¿ʲô£
ӱ㽫˵ˡ
ȥ˶ķٱץˣҶĿࣺôɣ
šüɫҲʮأԥرڴգɵˣԥȻҲҪ¡Ҳ֪ɢĲ䲻ͣǵ볯£Ҳ첻ʲô£ȵ齻УҲЩȥ㡣
ңҶ費ͷһԼ̧ͷʲôܰﵽģ
ۡˣ
ҶȻ˵Ѿ׼ĲˣЩʱգұ׼ʼеһݣҲ֪ЧΡյµ˼Ҫҵۡ
Ȼͷ
ֻǲ֪δɩɩǷԸһ¼вСӣ
ҶſڣͷһȤһʱ֪ӦˡߵĻתһȦʣǴʲôأ
ۡǺãֻЩʱȴǲó棬ҲܵѣȻûʲôôǸӣڣ˱㲻Ҷ͢ҲšҼһˣ˵æѣֻͬݣ󻹵ö鷳ֻ˵ԥպ¾Ҫۡˡ
ҶںЦЦҵݣԥҲŹˡ
δ̫̫Ѿһϣ˵ԥУж
ӵ㡣
´ǰô࣬ҲֵҰˡҶ˫ģ¶ȴܿеԾԾԡվһͬ۹ãĻʲô۲ۡ
á΢ӣĵܵܣҪиɩɩˡ
Ҷ裺
Ŷ䣬һȷһʲô𣿡
Ȼ¶㶨ᡣ
ߣûüдأֻܰѼӸϵQAQ
ҰҹддҾͰҹQAQдĺҲҪҹŶǧҪҹŶҰס˯ˣǾ

 114 

˺ü, Ŵзų
Ӹ, ÿȥʳ, ҲҶүʲôɴεײ˼, ۼֻ˶Ĵǰȥ˶һȦδԼ, ģֿ, ʵǰһ, ʵ۵ߵĳ˵ˡ
Դ͵͵վһԵ̫ӿһ, ֻȭŵһ˵ڵأͷڹɼ˵שʯϣǰʯשģӳճԼ, غ, ֪ˣ
ʵۣ
ʵ۶Ա߲յһ, εصδ֮а
ǧ򲻸, һӦȥ϶ķӦñٱץס, ʵǸʶ棡ʷ, Ѿʹǰǣ֤պ󲻻ٷȻֱӣֵǸ, 滹ʲôδüֻ·ȥһƣӶûͳϡͿؾͱץѽ
ӣ
ʵ۰Ļ˵ǹٱһӾ͸ͳˣץҲʵˣ
Ȼصǵģʣֻ·ȥһۣûǮһүо֮ȥǮඪݰ
ʵ۾Ͳֱߵȥַ̧£һʱĿͷŭѹ˻ȥ
ʡǰһֵѾ֪ˣպ游ʶţٸ̤ķһԽ͵Уɶ̡ܽ
㣿ʵֺУ첻£СͻͷܣѧȥϽҲˡ
Ѿ֪ϽˡѾĹ£˵룬ҲʮֿУǸʿϴӦգһɹ
ʵ۶棺ŶҲ֪ˣ
ŵͷ̲ס泯ӿȥ̫Ҳδǰ֪Ҳ֪̫ӾΪһʲôĻơ
£޵뿴ԼĶʲôУʵϽǿɱĸϡأʵ۶ʱҲķˣȲصʲô⣿
ٵȼձ֪ˡ
ã޾͵šʵ۸˸ӣ˵㵨ƭޣɻأޱһܷ
ӰҲţӦ¡
ʱЩĻŻŵġ
ǲ̫ӣǲԼԼм֪֮ɲʲôÿûʵ۾ʹǰǡ̫ȹٻأǶ̫ӵķԸҲûԼʲô
ͻԼɾˣһɾѣʮ
磬⵱𣿡
ǡ
Ŷ
ʻһ·СвȶУĵؼ۱ˣĶҲˣʳ¥ƹݸˣǾͷӾڶУƽߡ
̲ס̽ͷ̽ԣֻһİſ̧̧ͣ°ͣȥ

ͷһֻۣͷʲôҲƲ壬ֻлſߺȣ׺Ե£ֻҪʮǮ
ҰҰ죬Դĸɵ£ⲻҵ
·оһ쬵ߣ̧һƣȻ̫ӶԴһתĿڵ£һдģ츣հ
ȥ
Ҷعȥ
뿪ͷҽ
ǰλ͹٣ɷҪеġ£а¹أ
ϡͿӹһϸݡҳֽһҳҲͨҳ࣬ݼģֱֳС顣
ֻһҳһġ֣עĿı·ǳ͢°䲼ĸʾұ߰ҳ£һҳ·ֵģ˵֮ĳӿҵЩȤڶҳڶҳһҳǰ⻰дм˼ҴææɨһַۣһҳһҳĶɲ٣ȻǾ﷢飬Ҳ֪Ǵġ
ʣһҪӣ
ʮģ
ʮģȣѵʲôׯɣһƪ£ҲͲֹʮ˰ɣ
ƽﻨִţҲ֪ļ۸񰺹󣬴ǰΪ˸̫ȥҶ飬ӿɾǴڴͳʵۡ
ƽ˵⡶пɲֹһƪ£аԼأҪǵ飬һûǮ˵Ĵ˵ǰĻһ͵úüӡֻ軨ʮǮɽ߶
ɶͷԣ֪̫ӽԼк⡣
ںҵҶ߳Цźһ¡
ǰһæ˹ȥҶô
ҵӡҶ˵⾩ҷеġ
ԭǶ˵ˣѹҸҪҶȻ򣬵²ҶʲôҪæĵط㾡˵ȵ鱾ˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȷһҪҪ°æ
ҲˣӲŸտţұǽȫȥɾеİǰδ˵Ҳ˶ſھҶԱ߼ϱһ鲻Խֽ˹ȥˡ¶Ծ˽ⲻȥ»ǵð²źʡ
ʲʲôŵصñȥ
Ҷѣ
ʧɫѱƣ
ƣٻֻҪͺˣҶɻҪǵܣ
̫ӵ˵ˣʲôԡҶϸ²Ըǲȥ̫ӵ˵ɡ
ȥȥǧ״
¼סˣʮǮһݣһҪǵӡҶѣĲãҿҪ̫ӵ¸״ġ
಻ԡ
̫ӷԸȣûһɩɩȻöһɩɩȡҲ֪̫Ƿк⣬Ҫ̫ƺҪҶǰ
űӱһվ˽ſڣ
˵Ǽ򵥣ɴ߳ȥİգжѾݾϾʮǮ治󣬷򲻵ҳֽȴһƪ£ǲµģҲ˹ȥҶа취ΨһûŵģھӶҲʶֵˡ
ȥĶ
ߣˣĵ
ĸˣݵ˫ϡ
Ȼⰾҹûɶ尡==

 115 

Ժſڡ
ֵԺѧ, ߳, лŷϿʱ, ЩܵĿ죬ſڶһΣϷ˺һֽ, ϴҡһˡ
˲ˣǾ֮д¡
Ƕİ, кǰʣ½ҳ鷳ģ
ӽӦδ¡
Щ, Ÿ̤Ժ, תܻȥš
Ҳͷһҳ誵鷳ˡ
ֻǽȴûǸ˼½, 粽վϣλձҲûʲô, صعģ

⵱潫˵Ȥ
˵鷳, ҲͿ, ʲôĶҪԹ
һ, лĹһݾ˫ֵϣ˶еľ, һ۵һҳĴ, ʣλ˵Ĵ
ǻش̲䣺˵Ӧ˲֪ɣ
ǣ
Ĳѧ, ˲֪˲ƽļһҪüӣʵǹ󡣡Ƭ̣ûȵ˸ͣԼȥգŵݾ£ֻҪʮǮǱɽˣ
˵գ°ֻͣ˽Լеľһա
ʣ˭֪еǼ٣
ûصƭ㣿ͼʮǮй򣿡
ǵΪ˶ʮǮԺſڽۿЩҪߣһ֣ĴֱɢסЩȥ·
ڳиԣҲʮǮҪʲôǿǣҲ˿Ը
йٻӵǺ⣿
ȻҪˡ
˵£֤˵üֽ˵ҪʮǮǲߣǿǿ
˭˵ǿǿˣʲôطĲ׵͵øҶ鷳̫ӿɲĹæ˵סۿֽ˵˵£ֻҪʮǮǿԸ
գϹԥ
£˵ǶʮǮ˵һļüҲµȥ֡ڳǶˣλܷǰĺŲ
Ƴһֻֽۣ֣Ҳֲдʲô
֤£
үѾƭʮǮһǲţǶǶˣǼ٣дĺòãӦҲһ۾ܿɣ
λȻ⶯
˵Ĳ٣ǶǶˣǺǻȻܿóǿȥ
˻һۣǷǼٻӵͷǰһԥվǰ
ͷ˱Ťʣ¿ɷǼ˿һ£
ӱǻһҪݳһݾʲôȻջڼλע֮£ݾۣۣµ˳ȥ
ɡ
λ
˵һҳҲֻʣ°ƪүƣǰ׿Ķֻֻ㿴ƽϡ
ѧǶ¹ΪʵУ䲻֪شʲô⣬ɶҲǹ׽Ūǡ
˭֪
˲ſУ㲻ӣæ
һƪ˵˵Ҳ̣һƪ£˼ҪЩȫģ᲻𿴹λ޲ýÿһֶҧʽ
Ƿɿ쿴ǰģҪ󷭣۵ĺƪǰһеľһûӰ
̧ͷžس̯֣ʮġ
ֻּǰƪû£Ҳ˲˵ʲôæǮͳǮһݣ̷жϵĵطſ˹ȥ
ԺſڿǵĶ㣬Ǻ׷̽ͷǼλ֮ͬУϾ˼еȲģпµǰһһݾȥ
Ժſڱһ澰ڶжžڶʣ¼ͷ̫ԣδȷģ۰Ͱ͵ԴķӦ
Ǽٻӵȶ꣬дʵ
˷׷׵ͷˮƽҲķü١۰գٿ˼ֲ˼˭뵽ǹµģ
ʮǮֻһƪ¶Ѿʮֱˡ
ͷ˹֣¡
£˰֣ÿÿ㵲ű·ˡ

ֻҪʮģʱ뿴µģɵҪ㶯ˡԶԶسżԥ˵Ժѧɲٶˣԥһ۶

汻˵ԥǰԺģҾҲ̫һЩѧԺѧ㶼ͳǮ
С˴Ǯ飬̵ؿϿǰﲻֻԼǸš
ǼٻӵҲûȤ̲ס»ζһע⵽ݾĿɲֹһƪ¡ǵӱԴһЩġֿʼ¶
ѧ֮󣬳Ϊͬ󣬵һͬһʱⷬ
ͷˣǷʲô
ƺʲô
Ŵ˵֮ǰ
£ͬͷҪ˵ʲôѾ˹ȥ
ûжʣֱͳӷŵǰ
誵Ҫһݡ
һֳ̧̧ۣ°ͣųһݣһ仰Ҳδ˵ת뿪°ͣ˼˾һʱְա
ҶǰδӦǡ
žصͬߡ
ͬ棺ʱҲ¸Ȥˣ
šƣһʱЩ

˵Ҷ뾩д£ƺ׼ʲô飬˶յӣǾг˵
Ψû

æͷＸʮǮ°Եǲӣôֶ˵ȥ·Ժһأнֿڱһأſڶˣ
ԵһЩɳɹȴǲһͭǮʮǮ˵࣬ɼһҲ׳۵ĺܣǵ˶֪ˣһۡ£лзţӵ
һݾֻҶ˵ӣ˾˴඼ӵݣ֪˾һӿţס֣·ʱ죬鲻Խر˽ȥ
Ҳ֪ǲԵʣҶ˻ͷһ˱֮⼸գ⵱˲١
ǷݾȻҲʵ˻ʵ۵ϡ
ʵصؽȥЦõһ޵Ҫʲô£ԭڹſڶٹЩв޸״ˡ
ֱ׳ͦţֻǰסǿһݣ򣬿ɲǶȵġԼ͵ӣѵǶǵõ𣿡
ʵεҡҡͷеľԱߣѿһ飬Ҳ֪ʲôҪһۡɵҪѲٹ򣬸ġ
Ҳ˭⣬ΪæȷǹԹԵҲûȥʵ۵һۣҲƽǰˡ
̫ӵ⣿
˵
ʵûصѵ޻ʲô
̫ȥġ֧֧̫ӵ⡭
˭ģ
ǡҶġ
᲻ţʵۻˡ
ҶѾͷʵ۶˶٣ٿַŵԱߵľĿʱЩͬ
ȻҲܿݾǱ
ԭֻ˵Ҷѧγڣȴ⡣Ҳ̫ǷгܽһݾȥѾˡ
ʵۻعǰûöӣʱֲ˳ɩɩǶˣѧǰҲ㡣

̫ˡ
Ҷ轫ڶգÿգ㷢һµľ
ڵڶݾ֮ǰ˱㶼¡дĹ²Ÿտͷʵĵطȴһƪмʢ
Ƕ£Ҳ֪Ҷһݾî˾صĹŮ뵽Уһ£ڹŮǸԻؼ֮ݾҲڹ֮д˿
ȵڶݾУҲһһȥˣǰѾ˹򣬵ڶݾϵǾ֮гĳȥ١Ҷ볤֮󣬷ֳһַڳˣֻҪˣҲƼ
˼ȥʱŽеľҲ
ʲôλģôû
δԥϲ˶˰Ѿȡϸ˵һ
˼λ²ȤȻǾУҲ󣬵˵˼䡣
˾¿ʼ̸ʱɿؽҳݶ˷²ڶҳĻµ²
ȶ󣬹˼̲סʣݾļҹӷģ
ļҹأϢͨعŮ˵˵ǵ˵ʵݾҶ⣬ǼӱˣҲǶ
˼ɫҶ裿
پбҳֽó
ôҶ⣿ŵ˵ǲŪˣ
ЩʱգҶѾδŸˣȥʱ˵Ҷæʲô飬鲻ԭȻΪҶڼд£Ϊݾɡ
˼ҡͷȻû֤ݣҲܵ档 
С׿˵ġ˲ةǧҶߵýС׿˵ЩӦҲˡ
£˼ȴҲڷˡ
žҲ뷨ֿ˼䡣͵ĹҲǼжʫ׵ģֿʼѧܼ֮£ȴ뵽Щ
ݾھ֮жʮʢУ˼һݣ֮Ҳпޡ˲ֻ£ʮǮһݣѾǱࡣŮǸͷţֺ׷Уܴ
ߵĿ˼۱ۣǿⲻȥЩ޵ĻҪĶȥ⣬ҲȫҶ衣
˵ĻͣһЩؿڣһδĹͷ¶Щδ̫һЩ
һ䡣
λŮ࿴һۣ㽫˻ȥ˼δԥڳ֮ˣǿɲҶ෴
Ͼ˼Ҷ費ͣ䳰ȷĻҲͷһˡ
Ǻܿ⣬½˹ȥ뷨Ҳ¶ϡ
ֻй˼߬½ǣÿǾһۣ÷ۡ


 116 

ܹ˼ٲԸ, ȴҲֻҶݾھ֮
˵, ֻΪ˹, ҲвԸͳʮǮοǾϿǵֵȷϺõ£ʵĹ¡˵Щ, Ҳ˵Ĺ£ǺЩǵķȤ, ȻҲ˲˹
ҶԭҲδ, ԭЩžҲЧ, Լǳ˵ԣԱŮ, գȻĽζ
Ҷ˿ЩʱĽǶȣҪƽ, Ҳǵҳ, 뾩ûм, ž
, 衣ص⾩˵Ůˣ
ҶȻ
˳Ļ˿, ˵ǵݾϿǵһ顣иĸ򲡹ȥ, ֻ¼ҲŮƫƫ岮ȣҪǿռҲ, ҽŮү檡Ͻ˵װףȴΨûн¡
Ҷһǰˡ
ҵȻ֪һǰ£ⱨ˵ˣƣⶼһȥˣܸиˣżʣ汻ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ֻһŮ޿ôԷп޹ֹٰ㲻ԸҲ޷˳⣬ܹûǸ˽Լûö˵⡣
Ȼ̾һþ˵
ĳܿ࣬Ǿϵּ๫ƫУֻҪԶһЩ̲סͬˡҲ࣬еĹ඼ĳŮ֮⣬ϻ˲£ǹѰռ˶ߡ
Ĳ¥ǾһʱҲ˵𾩱˵££Щ˵зķ¡
ҶľˣҶ˺ǽѣǵˣֵúϲ£졣ֻԼտӣھ֮׬貧ᡣ
Ҷ˻ͷһ˱ͬӣԭҲͬǵضκܺãӵЧȴȴǰ˺üʱȥĿϵ𽥼٣Ҳ֮ж̫ࡣµľУҶæӣΪԼԤ˺üڵλá
Ҷ˵Ҳɣߵͷ⾩һݣÿһ˶أ磬˵Ҳľȥˣ֪æˡ
Ҷȷæ
죬ÿձҪµģһݾɱȹһҪѾ١ҪϿǵÿһֶ²ɫ°Ĺ²ȤҲЩԼ棬֮⣬ҶҲҪĥľķչ
ҲҰġ
ҪܳõطչȥҲܳ˾ǣµÿһطȥеİնܼϢðղԶű֪£Ҳеԩбҿһա
ڣȻھ֮ɻδܷôʱ򣬻ֻϾʱǲѡ
Ҷ룬ϯҲҪȥġ
Ҷ˾ȣ㻹пУ
άŽ߶ҲʮҪΪЩˣҶ˵ʱ䣬ﻹвְңҲ޷
˵޸̫֮󣬱ҲҪάֱ߶æʱܲƸʺ
ҶҲˣȻˣպҾͲˡ
ҶͷӦ¡
ɣٹգĻᣬ͵ҶӦ
æž飬ÿһʱ佻ʫĶҪϴϣѾþδμʫĻᡣûг֣ʱĴûм١
Ļ¥죬һ㣬ż˹Ҷһȥ¥
вٹŮı磬һǵӭ
ǰһոպǾһݷеӣģѾݶһҶ裬ȲʣҶձϵǵĶӣˣ
죺ʲôӣ
ҲһڵľȴûüҪȻһҶʱ͸ʳ
̱ݸӹæһС鿴
ԭһ˼ңھ⻹𣬶ӣȳԺɴӼ̳мжȢһޣӹú𡣿вƣӲ˱¹¶ĸҲҺķƽæѧգǽ䶹һӵ
ɺþֺУڶķӣ𣬱˶⣬ԼѵвŮĽڣҪ¶ĸߣŶӽ
λŮĳ֮ˣ֮ʮֲ̡
գҲһᶼҪ£ôôɶأ
ʵ鵹ҲûǼҴģǶӵˣҪ˵Ҳռ
Ҫ˵ɶ񣬱ǳֳʱ㿪ȥۼɩҪʵǿɶ񡣡
ϧӵĶӻδҪȻҲԼ̳мҵ硣
λŮ࣬顣ֱʣ裬˵˵ⶹӺˣ
Ļһ˶Ҷ迴˹ȥŵĻش
ҶδнҲǽշ顣
ԭδн˸ˣҲ֪ǶӾǷὫжá
޵ģˣеһӦҲֵ̳С
ֻϧǹ¶ĸҲ֪ȥ
ҶЦվһԿۡҲˣ˵ĻŴӶƿ
յĻ˲ˣвףһݾдµ塣Ҷ裬Ҳ
ҲҺҶţҪȻұҪҶﾩˡھʢУ˵ǽͬҲ˲٣ƹ˵֮ļҲȴǰĺ˲١
ҶԵ룬ҪܾҪȻԼȥҶաɲȱ˸д£˼ʢУӣʼԼҲܳ档
ҸлǣһݾɾȥˡҶ˵д͵ġ
ݸһЦϵȴ׽˲٣ĻᣬҲҶߡ
ǸˣֻһҶ裬ԼʮֳݵԼߣȻܼˣһ뵽⣬б㼤ѡҲǿڶµĹ˼侲١
͵͵Ҷҧ䣺ҲǲɣֻҪھĶ֡
˵֮ϯ˵Ļʫᣬ˼ҲҪԲѧ㳣ǰμӡǾô˾ôܻ࣬ϼء
ҶҲܵ˶˿ߣвз߷ߣҲ֪ԼʲôʱǧֻҶϾ˼뷨ֻԼʲôҲûƼ
Ψй˼߷߲ƽ߬ӣҶһʱЩҶ͸ˣҶ裬ᾩ˵ȴȫĻ
֪ҶԺүҪþһͿأҲҪ֡ƫƫԸΥԽԽãҶҲԽԽࡣ
ù˼ģԼ̲סȥ
ǾǿɺޣͷĹںÿ£ͿĹ¡ھ˺ü֮׺ĹҲʼ˽չ׺֮ĸдĲˣù˼ղܡ
ƫƫǹǷھϡѾ͵͵ȥ򣬶ˣֿ֮ˣҶ˶ʮǮҧгݣշתߡ
˵񿴾ǾУ˵Լ岻˵Ļ֮УƲ
֪ϱӣҶ貢δ⣬ΪƫƫⱲӾˣ
˼߬ӣԴҲ벻һȻ
ѵΪԵ
ΪһأҶ뿪ôҶ˾⣿
Ϊˣ˼ֻҪԼˡ
߷ȻҶãֱĻῪʼƿĿ⡣
Ļ⣬Ҫ¡
յѡɣշеľϿǵƪ£д˶Ҳδ¥ƴ֣˲پһݣ»˾Ĭض
˼˺Ļ£δǰݣЩ£ȴֻܰڼʱŶŷ˿ǸݰԴҲӲ˲֪ʶȥٶ£ҲûǰǰûɬѶĿİܶһЩ⡣
Ůȣ˵ҲۣȲҶˡ
˸ͷڳ˱ϲ˵˼ҲĻᣬֻܱ͵۽̲ס룬ΪЩĻ᲻ʹһЩֻ£ۡ
ֻ£ܱһЩ
ֿҶ衣
ҶչȻŹʣ̣ٿ޸͡
˼̲ס죺ƪ¼ȻǾϵģȻҲ飬˵Ҳ㹫ƽ
ڳ˺Ȼͣ˻
Ҷ̧۳ȥ
ӵһβμĻᵽڣ˼Ҳμʫᣬڹ˼λŮ˽»һ֪
˵ʫдĺãдҲãλСȴֹ֣дʫ֮⣬ȴСһʫʱСǱտڲԣҲ𲻳һȻ
ʫд˼٣Ǽ˳⣬ҲܶԴ˻Ƿʲô顣б룬ԼСʲô츳ʫд£ȴ˵⡣
ҶȥЩɼܲסиϢͨͽһж˵
Ҷ΢΢ЦЦѻͷݸҸ˵ģҲѾ˵ˣ֪СǷʲô⣿
˼
ĵһ˰أĿ֧֧ص˵Ķ˵ˣһʲô˵ģ
ĻָۣߵͣСֱ˵Լ뷨ҶС˵ǣҲǵһؿռ˼ֱˣСڳһҲղżұ㲻˵ˣɹСɡ
һڳ˱㶼ǳŹ˼˹ȥ
˼
С㣿
˿ţ˼ֻ亹ֱð죬ſĿİ˵˼仰ûʲô֮ڳҲûΪ˳Ļȥ
յĻᲢдµĻᣬһƪˣóĳλ˵Ȿãд󲿷˶ѾҲûʲôȺ֣֮ҶٲУҲָƽ
Ļ˼δԥǻЩͨǧʡ
¥̲֮ס˵Ҳ֪дģʲôҲȴдüõ£ʵĽǲţֻд£˵ϲ١
ƫƫʫǻʵĺãҲɣҲɣÿض˹˼ҪߺΪ
ڸ˼ӵĻ᲻࣬ղμӵĻᣬҲÿһζҪд£һʼһʫ֮⣬˼ҲδҶÿһʱ塣ƷҲһʼĶࡣ
ΪҶĵصֻ̫żѧϿûн·һһȴװҲװġ
ľ͵͵˵ϻػ˵ǰ˵㻵Ȼڼ㡣ľʢУǲã϶ˡ
Ҷ˶١
ԭΪԵʡ
εǱֻˡ
˼뷨кιϵأ
ѵҪ˼Ŵˣ㲻Լˣ
Ǳߣ˼ȴòУȻغֽ֮Ÿѧֻ˵Ÿֹأ̲סҶǸͷ¶ģǵ˶֪ˣ˵ǹصģֵַشںլ֮УǶ֪Ϊξû˵Ĳǣ
侲صҶСǶĹδ̫˵Ҳݲ˵Сǲˣȼ޸ԥ֮ԥۣȻв˸͡
˼˼
ԣ˶Ҷ豳Щˣ
˵ȷǺãҶͷ¶Ҳ档ѰδĹŮһ㣬ڼѧֻǸżĸѧƼ֮¡Ժ֮ҲҪܼ񣬼ЩҵҲЩׯӣй°æҲҶҡ
Ҷ衣ǵ˶֪ȥˣ˭֪ǾˡǶĲҵҲͰˣƫƫһ˵ġ˵ļҹҲͰˣҶǸ
Ѳպ̫úôڶ񣬻Ҫͷ¶
˼òС
Ȼ˶Ҷ豳Щˣ¡ھȨΣ̫Σ֪ˣ
˼۾һѵ̵ֽʱ棬ֻֽʼ¡
һеʱ򣬵˸ӣױһʮؽȥˡ
̫ͷҲлʵۣʵۻʺͷϻ̫󰡣
Ҷˣǰ̫ӣԥйص飬̫Ȼ̫֮ʩѹѵҶ
˵ҶҪѵһ٣˵˺޵ľҲҪûˣ
ߣҪһѼ
ϳϲŻؼңĸ¹ҪǷŵһˣ̾
ĸ¹ɣʮ==

 117 

Ϊδԥ, ˼ǵ̫ϲ, ʱʱҪн˵顣չ˼, ̫ҲǸˡ
û˵䣬˱˵˾еľʵۻʺҲȤص˳ȥ, ̫Ҳ˵һЩ
˼𣺡˵⾩Ҷġ
Ҷ̫üͷ΢壺ĸҶ
δ̫, Ҷˡ˼һ̫ɫ, ʱ, ŽŵҶݾǵ˶ڿ, ھ֮УҶҲͷˡ
̫üͷģ
ǰ˼ֻҶһͨЩ飬Ҳܱ, , ֳɵصֻǡ
ֻʲô
˼ԥصֻҶ, ǲЩ̫ã
кβã
˼ԥؿ̫һ, ɫƺǲ֪Ƿý˵ֱ̫˵, кβ, Ҳ
˼һ˵ˣҶǵ˶֪, ˵ǸδĹ⡭ǲЩף

̫һԲ
˼С˵Ҳֻһʱ̫ﲻҪϡֻţҶȼ޸̫֮󣬴űǻʼҵ棬ģҡڵģҲ֪Ƿðվòԡֻ⾩ôգʺδ˵ʲô̫ӻҲ޳ɵģӦˡ
ôˣ̫ЦҵǾţ⻰ʮе
˵ɣԵĹ˵ȥҵĿͣѶĹн
˼ϲ⣬ŬסˣۼŹ˿첽˳ȥæ˵̫ǲҸʲô鷳
̫ȴǺɫؿͲô鷳Ҳ˲ףĲԣڲҪ޿ɾҩɣ
Ҷ̧ͷ̫̫һɫ⾩պʲôôҲ֪ѹҶ裬Ǻݺݴѹ̫ӡߣҲ˳ġ
Ѱ˼ҵĹһͷ¶ģ㶼ǹԹԴڼУŹҴҵҲҪһ׬ǮҡѲɣպ̫ˣҲúôڶҪҡ
ǵȻС

Ҷæµ
Ǿ飬ҪȥμӾеʫĻᣬҲҶ˿ʼѧϰι񡣵̫֮ҪܵĶ࣬Ҷ˱ֻܽԼЩ뷽跨̸
֪æµҲţֻȣƽʲô˵Ļ㶼д
ӵеϢʱҶ軹Ϊ̫ӵͲסصҽҼ˭֪Ȼ̫
һʱҶ趼֪Ǹø̫̾ʵ͡
ͬҲ֪̫ΪԵ޹ʺȻԼҶ֪һ׻Ǻúô壬빬ǰȥ
ܾҶҪĻֻҲֻ̫һأ̫عϯϣ̫ҪѰ鷳֮͸ö֣񶼹ȥôˣҲøôͻԹ
˵ʱһĻҲû˵˵ȫ̫ܸܲôã̫Ǩŭɣ
ǲ£Ҷ벻ף̫ΪκȻԼ빬
ͣ˹ſڣйվŵŽӦ
Ҷһ䣺֪̫Ϊ˺£
ŮӦūҲ֪ҶﵽˣȻҲˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ㲻ʡ
˽̫޵ſڣֻվԭԵƬ̣нȥͨҶȻûʲô顣ûȶãŮ˳Ҷ̫ͣҪҶԵƬ̡
Ҳǳ֮УҶȻҲ顣
Ů֮ͨ󣬱˻ȥҶüĬıӰʧڵ֮Ա߿˿ȴֻŵĹˣĬĿбӡ
վڵ֮⣬ͷ̫޵Ĺȴްȥ˼ǷųˣҲֻſڵš
ţ
˵ǹУڹͷп˳ͻҲǸúòдţôվͷţҲͷһؽ̫ߵĹˣѵ
䲻֪̫Ϊ⣬ɻûм棬Ҫһֻǲ⡣
Ҷ߲ãֻڹſڵȴ
ѾʢģͷףſڲڵͶӰҲԶ衣޷磬ΨչңҶֻվһϱ鲼
ãִ
Ҷ̫ͣҶԵƬ̡
Ҷס
Ů˵գתҪȥȻûȥĴ㣬Ҳ׼ʵĲˮ
Ҷ轫סܷʣ̫дĿ˭
Ůҡͷū澲˵
ҶƢصܷʣ̫ɼʲôˣ
ūҲ˵
˱ˡҶ˵ͷͷ̫˿֪֮һ
ŮӦ£ת߻صСҶ˵ţ˵ȴ֮⣬û˵Ļ
ſڼλҲ޲ˮټȣҶվƬ̣Ƚŷ飬иɿʡֻСѧǹҲ޷ʲôʧ飬ǵˣ˽ݵС
ֻϡͿģȻ飬Ҳû˴ĥĵҶ̫ԥ֮ľݲһ㣬̫֣Ҫ̫ӵ˼
˼䣬һС̫һ̵Ķ첽߹Ҷߵſʱ£СŮ̫Ըģ˵ǳǧ𰮳ԵĵģصطԸŷ
Ҷ΢̫޵ĹŮҴҵرܿĿ⣬̽˹ȥһأʲôҲˡ
С̫˲£һ
ת㱻Ҷ
Ҷʣŷģ
ǡǰС̫Сؿǣ
Ҷ룬ӻͳһ塣
⻹̫Ӹġڹ֮ϣ˽֮Ҷһֱţֻǲ˼ϡûȴó
壬º͵صλܷͷһȣ̸̫ӵ¡
̫̫ӵ£С̫൹һæҡͷɲӡ
̫ӵ֮żȻʰãͷΪתѡҶ˵ҶԶӦϵҡ
Ҷе˭֪δ̫ǶŮѽ
Ҷ裺ڹУ̫ǰҲ˸˵ѡǲţˣ˵Ǽ١
С̫¶ԥҶִӻͳǮ֮۾һ¿ֱˣƫߡ
ɵؽӹǮ壬ǮģûжǼƱС̫һΣūŲһܼ̫ӵ¡
ͷҽ͵̫ӵӦϵáҶͷЩСһЩ
С̫ɫһٶ˵ɿӹڿУҲʮֿ죬뿪ıӰҪһ㣬»ᱻס
ߣźۣ̫дմдһϻô̡ҶһŶ

 118 


С̫Ҷ̫޹ſڽ, ˿, û߳ȥ, ͱ׷С̫ӣ壬ҲԶ, ȻӲǴ׷֮˳˶ſڡ
ſʱ, ̫ӵ
æǶҶ, ҶūŽ̫ӵ£
, Ҳ׷ֽס, Զ˵ð̫̫ǰץ߶̫ӡ
ū˵ģС̫ŵһ˦, еû, ڰл, ˵ˤˤ롣С̫ʱɫɷ, ˶һ
̫æſҪǰȥ𡣵̫ӹ˱һЩ, ŵ֮ʰ
̫, ˲ϵãһ˹Ȼɫ, ʱס̫С̫໤
ɫѿʲô˼ѵ̫ԣ
ȻҶͶǱýｻ̫ӡ̫Ǳߣ̫飬ȻԽߡ
һ˼ææ첽С
Ӹմ깫һͽľ
ӵһݾÿһҪϸҶĶʮ⣬ʱʱҲҪἸ䣬ˡ
ɺϵǣվϿǵĻҶԼ£һҳȥ飬̾صؽҶ¼£Сպ
ӵݺ飬һֱ˽ϳǰλá
ɫģ
˹ؽǰ˵һ飬δ˵̫꣬ӱڵһվ첽ȥûֶסתͷԸȥȥ¸߻ʺ󡣡
ǣ¡
ӿ첽˵ţȻſһİ̫ڶţһ˶ʱɫ԰ףС̫Ψ
壺׿㽻ҵģ
ǡǣ¡ 
ںδ
С̫͵͵һŵӵū̫⿴ҶҶվͷûȥ
̫󣿡üͷ̧ɨһۣץˣ
ҲӲͷƤ˵˳ײ̫
ĸģ
С̫൱ֱͦ壬صūŷģ
飬պɡ˵꣬ҲС̫༤عлҴҵ̫߬󹬵ȥ
̫޹кһξ룬ֻ޹ΪβгӽŲţҲ֪ǼȣҲ˲ٺŷС̫ĻҶ豻⣬ȥôã֪Ρ
̫ȱѾҶнȥ
ֻ˽⣬̫ɲĳõ˼ҡ
̫޹ʱԶԶر㿴һӰʮ죬Ҷ˭ʢȣҶҲ֪վ˶ãԾͦñֱһ߽ˣ㿴ʪܣޱ鷢Ҳˮʪ࣬ɫǶׯü֮ҲԳƣ̬
۵һ飬ؿڷ£ѾԾȥվԣ̧סͷա
ǰȻһҶգգۣŷˡʱһҿ˿ڿԼС˵յˣ
Ӧһ
ϳ屻ģͳȥʱôջ˽ңǻͨ⣬ףԸԷƽ˳죬ȴҶʱĹߡɾԭҶ̫ѣҲۡ
ӻͳӣСİ˺⵽ڴ֮ͥ£Ա߻йڣҶЩ˼̫ӱս֡
ʮָۣյýġ
̫ģ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ҵȥֹ
Ҷ豾˵ʲô̧̫ӵУ۵ȴŨīһ㣬ŻĲȻŭҶ˶٣ʲôҲû˵ͷӦ
ڣ̫˼˵Ц˵˭ûˡ˶ҪҶԿͷͲĸЩ
̫һ뵽Ҷ豻̫վ棬ƣҲãˮҲûúȣȴͷ̫󣬺óԺúźţ˼б̫ԭ뷨δйܱѪбĥҶĺð취
ţһŮææ˽
̫̫ӡ̫ӵˡ
˼ɫһȴʮְգ̫Ϊ졣ϵźδ̫˹ضյһڣǾ˽ɡ
̫侲˼Ҳˡ̫ڣѵ̫ӻ˵ʲôԲɣ
ǣҶ裬һ·߽֮Уһ۱㿴˹˼ʯ֮䣬ǰĿһеŭأһѭ̫
ĸ
ҶҲŸ
̫Ӳʣ̫ӣʲô˼
ֱ̧۳ȥҲʾĸʲô˼
ô޹ʧ˹ȣʰң̫ԴǼ񣺡ҿأͷѧѧҲʡպ˻ʼҵ档
ĸ⻰˵ĲԡӰҲҡҲ̬ͬȼţ½ʱſҲδţ֪ĸ޹Ƿʲôĵط㲻ôĸ밲ȫТģҲȫˣкβ֮
ĻһתǹС㣬˹ȴ֪
˼ɫһףæվҪȴ̫¡
ҵͷˡ
ӵ˵ͷҲ
̫£Ҳûȥˡ
Ѿ˹лĸ˵˵ТġҶ赽һλ£Ҷľн̬Ȼù˶ˮָҶ赹һٵһԼĸĲˮʵǺãƤȼĸĪ֡
Тģ̫һô޹ͷȴҪðұ֣˵ȫˣҲûʲôðҿڵĻᡣ
ĸ⻰˵ֲԡ
кβԣ
ӷ±յҶﲻǹ´ǻĸǻĸѸߣԲǰŷ׼Եʳ˵иҩһǻҲԽ̫ҽ
̫ɫһŭ̫ⷬʲô˼
ȻĸΪĸ롣ӵĸļԴǰҶһˣĸҲܽˣǸջĸ£ʱɾ͵õ¡ĸĪ伲ҽеĳãҪɴ¡
õĺܣ
ĸֲ̫ҽ˵ҽ߲ҽչ¿ڱ̫ҽơ˵ţ״طԸˣ죬ȥ̫ҽ
˻֣̫̫֮̿У֪ǷӦ¡
̫̾ĸĪҪģ̫ҽҽҲǳģ˵óԴϵ֢̫ҽһҩ
̫һŴȻŭ˼һԣҲҳȴ⻭ʮ졣
ɲ
Ҷ΢۾ֻ۽Ƴˡ
ϻڹϼ̫ʱҲŶⷬԣ̫Ҳǡ
̫вֱ˵ǣαĨǵġ̫ЦӦĸ۵̫ܵǰ̫صΪĳЩ˳ͷɡ
ĸ룬Ҳ޻˵ӻһƣ΢΢ҶߣֻǻĸҶͷǻĸˣѲɣǻĸģ
̫ˣƬ̣ҲǰΪ
ˣʹŮλ˽̫󣿡
Ůɣ֪ò˵
ʱֻҶվͷһг˻ĸ֮⣬ҲֻйСһˡĹؿˣǹС˰ɣ
˼һ߬ӣ̧ͷ߶ϡ
̫Ҽ˭ѵҲҪ̫ӹܲɣ
ǹܲãǹС㣬͵һ»ĸˡӹ˹ǣ˵Ҳް¶ȡҶǶĹӳ˵ȳϲ٣˵СԥףɹҲԥֳպףСҲóҶһɩڳݣҲ֪Сܵһأ
˼ɫɷףֻϳصĴָ̫˵ָֺ̫γǴϡ
ȲҶ衣
ӳݣ۴ӺνǶȣУǱȲҶ衣
ʻĸ
վߵ롣ĸߴ󣬵̫ʱ߶ϣ֮иܵ˾ӸµѹȸС̫һ٣ϸƣֺ񷽲Ĵѡ
ĸЩʱǳһʱԹߣǹ
̫Ծֱͦ˼ϲ˭Ҫ˼ɣ
ЦǱֻǳ˽ˡ

̫ɫѿУܱ̫ӵָ
ں󹬴ô꣬ʵۣѾû˸ҸɫʱЩһǹ˳ĻʺҲܹޡ
ôҶϣָͷˣ
ǸСʲô˵ģ
ĸҪֶΣ²ţ󹬵񱾾͸̫ʺܣЩ飬Ҳ岻֡Ҷδ󹬣ʱҲֵĸ̣ܽ˹˵󹬲òǰ֮£ѵ̫ｫøɸɾҲǵˣ
̫һ٣Һʱǰ֮£
Ҷﻹδ󣬴ıǶְأΪΪ͢ľ̫ȴɷ˵֮ŮнУͷңȴ̫վãټ󹬣һ֮أһӣһˮûˣ̫صҶﲡڹУ֪̫ɷ򶨹
ӣĹһŮ飬̫˾٣Ǻ˶ģ˳ϳġ󹬲òǰ֮£̫ȴǰⲻǲʲô
һñӴ̫˵ͷĿѣЩҪ顣
ٴˣݵĳĬ֮ȴҲЦ̫⻰˵Ĺûʣ䶼ָ𰧼Ĳԡ̫ĪˣҶ̫Ӷףδ̫Ҷ飬ˣ
ҪʻĸҶδ֮У
ǾҪҶԼˡ̫ҶԼ˵˵ʲô飬ǻʼҵ档
ӶһصҶ¡
յһڣҶֱߵıҲˣԼһŮϻ̳ϿֵվһԣͷҲ̧
ս֮ϣ˭ȳס˭ˡ
ŬԼƽľ
ֻҶһƽϲ֣ǰӣҶļϣ᲻ܰίᣬֻ˵ǰӣҲ뾡취ĨȥҿҶ裬ΨֻҶմ۵㣬ĸŴνҶ빬Уʾٳ裬̧Ҷھеĵλʱڳλòߣȴ˸С
ŭģҶί
ЩֶΣܲʱڹгۼ̫Ըֽڵѻʵ۴ĥʺҲܹƽʱ޷֮粽á̫ǿ¼Ů̫ԣ빬ס˲һǡ
ɹô꣬ǰ̫ԱѹˣҲûٱ仯Ҷ軹δ޸ѾȾЩί
ӽյطŵǰֻ˵˵µ֪кβ֮
ҶҲ̧ͷ
˶˵̫ӣֻ˵̫˼ظ̫ܵĿӶ񣬹˼ֻ
һ˼ʲôˡ
λǧԸŴ鷳ԼҲɣȱ˼ЩǰСô
Уʲô鲻ã
һ٣ٶһֱգҶ֪Լٲϡ̫㲻һ˵£Ҳ̫ӵ顣
ҶɫƽҲû̫Ůδ¡
ҿǲ֪ڸġ̫ЦһۡʢУѵģ
Ůġ
Ȼ֪ϴ
Ҷ󵨵س̫ȥŮ̫˵⾩δ֮У
ͷ¶棬ҡѵûд
Ҷ貢ӣ̫Ŀ䵽˹˼ϡ
֪Ůкδ֮УҶ趢ƽȴŲɵļᶨŮ⾩δ˵䲻ʣҲ벻кβ֪֮ⲻԣǾþԣǾŮԣ
ߣ12㻹һ

 119 

ҶĻһ, ̫㲻࿴ۡ
Ҷӡ󲢲, ˵ǰй, ҲΪ˼ſ˼ѡڹϣҶһֱͷ, ٿڣ̫ò, δעҶ豾ˡ
һ, ȴǺ̫һ, 治Ƕ׵δޡ
һС̫
֮ǰ, ̫ȿ̫һۣ̫ӰȲ裬δ죬ŵѾ̫Ӷ, պ, Ҳδ̫, ҡ顣
Ҷ跴ʣŮ֪, Ϊξҡ
ǵ˶֪ˣѵҡ̫ЩЦ, ⾩ȫȥ, ͷն˵ҡ
ҶȻҪˣⲢĴ̫˼, ҵĴˡ
֪
Ů֪Ůδ֮УҶʮ侲ơ泯̫ȥʵŮ̫ӶףҪ̫١ɷ֮в޹涨Ůܰ쾩ȻɷûУΪŮıǴ¡
Ӷյһڡ
룺ϱӣ˻ΪҶǸ۸ӡ
࣬дô£ڲ¥ۣҶĿɲ˲٣ֻƽʱ
ҳ£Ҷǰǿ˵ٸҼջᣬкҵὫΣоȳο̫óĽڣһЩɶҶ˵ʲô
϶һͷ㲻׸ıĿ꣬ټ衣þз˾ˣܸóһŷ
ӷ±յָⲻӹ⻬ڷȻʶ
Ҷڰ˵

ʶбĲˣ紺棬ò
ֻԾ򶨵ģͬҶ޴ɷֺδ֮У
̫ŭȻҪ޸̫ӣǱҪ
Ů̫Ӳδɻ飬Ҳ㹬ˣ㣬֮УӦҲдŮܰ쾩Ҷݲȣָ̫ЩŮҲϡ
ʲô
̫Ůľ̫ҡǵ˶֪֡ھ֮ǰвϵŮˡ
̫Ŀ¶ãЩⲻ˵ⷬʲô˼
ѣҶѧڣǽ֪
̫һʱȻ
⵹˵ĵȷǶԣҲáҪߵĹ˼ҲҪ
Ϊδ̫ͷ¶ģ̼֮¡̫ص˵⾩ѵģ
̫ġ

ҶŵŮһ⣬һ£ȫһֲٰ졣̫ӦҲţ̫òףŮ֮ת£²Ϊ
տʼΪ˰ѾȥɴŴֵˣǵԱ׷׸״Ҳȷ棬
ͷҶص̫֪ʡ˲鷳ǻó
һˮ˼ɴ۾⻰˵ģҶҲûˣ
£Ǿ˸ʵ⡣˹ز䣺ĸ²ˣͲСǸҪһ£в޿УȥҶæ¿ҲֺУ⾩Ҳһĸ˵ǲǣ
̫󣺡
̫һҪ˵ʲô湬˴
ʺݵ
תͷȥʺ󼱴Ҵ˽һȦвųһ
̫е֪Ҷ豻̫Ѿ͸ˣ̫ӱһ
̫ɫѿˡۣһһģ˳ͷˡǰĲˣ
ʺ˳صͷ檲ңֻҶ˹ѾδҶصҹҶ˵仰
ȻʺˣǻʺҲ˵˵Դ̫ĿⲻƵصʺǸˣӦִ֪硣
ʺ󲢲Ӧֻӣ֪Ҷ˺ŭ̫
̫Ȼ⣬佫ǰ˵˵ĹҲû˵Ҷ̫±վõ顣
ʺ󲻽һ˵ҶˣȻɵõҹкúЪϢ
̫ŭʺ󣡡
ʺɵͷŵü˳Ŀģȴ˵檿Ҷ⾩δĹСС֣һˣеĹܲӶûСҶ£ҲӦлҶǡ
̫󲻸ŵؿͷһؼʺΥԼ
žҵţ˵˼ŵؿΨ壬̫һֱߵӣŭһģҵĻˣ
֪̫˼ǡ
պ̫һһ㶼Żʼҵ档̫صǸҲֻǻȡ裬ˡδ̫Ҳõͷ¶棬μʲôʫĻᣬùԹԴڸУѧʡʲô˵顣
ҶҡͷˡŮܴӦ
̫纮˪ǲӦ̫Ҳˡ
ҶԾҡͷ
Ů̫ӵµĻԼǾ³̣µ˶֪Ů޹ǿлڻ飬̫㲻˻ʼҵˣ
̫˻飬ֻ㡣
̫ˡҶ˵˻鲢ֻŮһ˵£̫ҲӦŮж̫ˣҲӦŮֽţͣµİն֪̫Ϊ̫ʧ档ʼҵ濴ҪҲ˵顣
вң
Ҷ迴һۡ
ӳ΢΢ףŮ˼̫ǷҪ룬ŮҲ޻˵
㡭
Ҷݵ˵̫ﵱעЩ翴С㡣ŮȣС͵˵ʫʱײˣ¼Ƕ档˵ͷ¶棬СμӹʫĻҲ٣ȴҲδżҲЦȡͷ¶ֲ֪̫֪۹СģŮͷһؼ˱ѧ١
СҲǸôڸж飬ֺѧС㣬˵ǲǣ
˼ңôҲû뵽ѻôյԼˣ
ҡĿң̧ͷ̫ߣҲ֪˵ʲô
ӸЦĸһ˵ĶԣΪ˻ʼҵ룬ҲҸЩĹ¿ԥҲһ¼ҵĹԥǺʣǶ˻Ǳãϼסĸ˵أ
˼ֵس̫ȥ
̫ȴǳɫǲݣ̫ӣĪҪ˵
ҲǣĸдȻ˺ƭһʱƭָص˰ŪǷǣ˻ĸ徻Ǹúúóͷһ
˼ɴ۾ȴֻ̫˵¿㽫ԼˣҲΪ˱ȫʼҵ档ԥɲһӻˮСˡ
̫ӣ
վĸ²ȫҶȥ붨״֪ĸ붨

̫˿ʾ߶ϣĿᶨá
ֻ̫ܵȥ֮󣬽һ£
˼е̫
̫Ȼתͷ˼߶ϣһ˵
ʺЦŲ䣺ֻɲһùС֪ٳٱ𾭣ùСƽľǷǡ
˼ֲѣֻһˣ
Ҷ벻⣬ҲΪ˵仰
̫˼ѵͲ
ʲô飬ѵֻ׼ãͲˣ
Ȼòĸ˶ˣҶﻹʵί
̫ؽҧͶ֮Ů
һʹͣüͷˡ
Ҷ뿪֮ǰһ䣺»ػĸʲôɵ÷ֱ
ͷҲصشҶ뿪գֻʣˡ
̫ɫѿ뽫Ҷôһɱɱ̫ߵ磬ȴвһҪһʹͣЩȥ
ٿʺɫѿǰʺ󻹶ƴӡ
ҵĻҲˡ̫ʺôôûйأ
ʺ˳صͷ̫檵ĺѾ󣬳ûʲôµˡ
㡭̫ɴ۾ŵؿʺ˴󵨣ҵΥĻָ̫Ŀ𳤡
Ҫؽգ𾭣ܿڱǡʺ͵˵ǳǸģҲһ仰¡Ͼ̫ѾˣҪԥǷԥʲôҲ޷
ʺ˵գҲʩʩȻվ
㣬Ķӳ͵ʮ㡣
˼޲ðԼĶֻ뵱ԼʲôҲûСؿֻ̫ŻʺӰʧˣ̽ؿڣ̫
̫ۣȥɡ
˼ί˵ҵĽա
̫ݺݵصץסôѱл˵
˼һ䣬Ҳҿڣæˡ

߳ȥ֮Ҷŵĵصһ᲻鷳
ô鷳Ӵǹõص̫ǳҲض˼ʲôպٶ㲻ֻܴһЩ۳˺£Ҹ㶵šվͷ㱾Ҳţֱ˾ǣҲôί
Ҷŷˡ
ֻ˼ɽȴǰˣ̫󶼸вȻ󵨣ȴҲʮֳ죬ԭ̵ĸо
Ҷ谵룺ѹôϲˡ
ʲôͳǿ壬üͷϧˤˡ
Ҷ费һʱЩį
鼱֮£ֻͳ嵱⵽̫͵ģƽϧתֻỹ˭֪Ȼˤˡ
£ƣֽջػС
һȥ޺֮ٽ㡣
Ҳ޺𣿡
Ȼܡӿ϶صҶ˽ǻΪ촷ۣҲý޻
Ҷ˵ͷҲڴ
ߣˡ3+0.5ˣ
ȻԼ˵ˣεĲһ䣬쿪ʼһ

 120 

ҶС, ʹͻ˼ҡ
ֻڲڹз, Ҷֻ˵Щ̫ʹ, ȳһǲš
Ե޹ʣ̫ΪκȻʹЩҶβ֪̫ʺԨԴ, æ㱻̫нУ̫Ϊ㣿
Ҷ, ̫˵˾顣
Ҷ˻Ȼ, ⾩ѾǾǽ֪, ̫ΪѣȻҪڴ¡Ҫͣ˾, Ҳǲǣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ǧĻ϶δ˵ʲô, ǧ̫󼸾仰㺦ˡҶæ˵￴⾩, ô, ҲŸտʼɫ, ʵǿϧˡ
ҶЦģԼҪ, ҲѾܾ̫ˡ̫ʺҲڳ, ̫ûжΪҡ
Ҷ˳һŷ
Ҷһɹ˷ȴ춼
ö˶˵, ˼һ˻Ǳ̫ڼңҪٱ𾭡˷ܵˣ
̫ϲ𣿹˼δԥ̧̫أΪλҪ֪ˣЦǳ
˼ǰһЩ£ɹߣЩб̫أҲҺù˼ѾԥףҪȻ¾гͷڣҲһʵ˼ҡ
˷æȥʹ˼ڹзʲô̫ΪҪ㣿
ͱˣ˼صЩҶ೭ء
ʺ𾭰ٱ飬ԭɻȥʱĹȴصѹ˵һ֮Ҫգù˼Ū
ֻøе˱˵ȻҲᴫʲôϢ˵˵ڼа׼ų޵ˣûճš˾Ͳ֪ˡ˼߷ߵ洫Ϣ϶Ҷɵġ
Ҷ裿˷˼æʣôйϵ
˼㽫ǰ˵ˣߣҲ̫ʺҪȨ죬̫ҲòУҲǣ
˷ǵǲ˵ȥģ˶ĺܣи紵ݶ̷ҲͰˣ֪
˼ӣһʱҲЩ¡
ĸŮģȳؼҺǰȻŭżգִ
ѽҶ谡˼æ˵ҶǱ̫̫ôᷣأ
㼼ˣʵˣʹӶᣬڼУֺúѧأǸŶŷ˶飬ҲЩ۶ӣŭغ޸ԥ֮ǰͺúôڼн㣬ʲôߵ飡
˼˱죬ȴҷ
ȥѰҶ鷳ôͲѧѧаҲھ˵գ˦뿪
˼ȴǵһŵسŹ˷˿ȥ˵ʲôûУ
˷Ҳؿų뿪ıӰһУŻع˷˶˶٣Сǲ⵱治ǼС¡
ĹǱ̫ʺһݣǵĹȢеĹй˵ĻᶼٵĿõޣڳͷδš
ǵĹŮҲֻһ˼Ȼ̫˽ڼңֱʺ﷣𾭰ٱ顣ŮҵôҪ¶ȻѾͷȥ˿ҲҺù˼ԥ
˼һ¶ģ˷һοĪ£̫ҲȨ֮ƣΪԥ̫϶Ҳúò㡣
ֻҪ̫ʲôͷٴ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
 
˼գйڹ˼ϢȻ
ҶǲעЩȻõϢ˳ع˵
裬˵˼̫ˣ˵ĻǼٵģ
Ҳ֪ˣҶͷġ
һźûգ̫ʹ˲ٶĹ˴ӻʹгڴ߹˶ˡ̫ˣɵ׻Ҫ޸ԥ˵ԥ»顣ǲٳţ˵Ҫ׼޵ˣʫĻҲȥˣҹȻڱأҲ֪ʲôŭԹ顣ҲãƽҼˣҲãﶼ˵ҽЩɫöˡ
ԣҶ࿴ۡ
ãͷҪһأǼڽʱҶ迴ɫǱȴǰࡣ
Ҷ΢ӵҿɲ֪С㾹ʲô鵤ҩ
ҡҡͷִյȥ裬ûҿ԰æĵط
ҶڿžǱ͹£ÿһھϿǵݶԹĿھϵķš˼ıʲ̫ڣֻҪѼϢĽǶдҶһһ
ҶֳעôȻҪæ
Դ֮󣬾ͱʮæµͷô˶ڿ㣬ԵһǴʵûôдҲûãҲ첻Щ£ȥҪæҲһЩ
Ҷ費ʧЦ
ëʣǰƵһߣѾæˡ
۾ôأ
շʱĴ˶Ǵ˵˾飬ѵҲҴæ𣿡Ҷصϸ˵ģҲһݹͣҸøлǣæҲźýҪɡ
Ŀ䣬̲סˡ˫ʪؿҶ裬۵ǿ󣺡裬˵𣿡
ÿһÿһ䶼ǷԷθģǧȷ
˼ˡ
۾ɿգţպ˵ģһֳ˳
ﻹ˵أ˵ãҲ룬֮¶һݣǶһˣҲͨͨˡ̫ˡ
˵ҪҶҲûɫ
ֻǱȳ˶һЩռһȻۡҲҶ˵йЩͷȴûʵʩˡҶ轫˻¿һʣΪλȻ˵Щ
ޣ࿴˼ء
Ҷ趯һ٣Ҳ֮е£ȴ̲ס¶
㿴ļҵĹӣҶĬƬ̣
°ͣǳûأҲ֪ҵ壬ҽҲβãҵة࣬ҲסģҲƲϣǲѧõģҸƲϡ
Ȼˣݷ˺αżأҶ˹ص岻ãڼж꣬ҴҲáȵ괺֮󣬶ȻѧӽϿЩѧʶȻǳɫʱٿҲ١
Ҳ룬뵽һȥ̵صɻҪҰæĵطǸæҲ˽ڣȥ˵Ҫ죬ż
Ҷûƴǣֱӱʣþʲôõĵط
ô᲻أȻòˣ£лôš˵һģȻˡ
ҶЦãͷиֺãķߣķұߣһ߷֣һߵ㲻˵Ҫæ𣿡
ֻÿ˼ڤˡ
ʵ̫ΪֻҶһжããѧãòҲãνڣһõĵطȻҶľҲȱȻǼͷУ
ҶҲǿ˸Ѿ߰ѺʵĸͻӣлƻȥӡˢߵԣһԼܳĹ±׼Ȼúۡ
˺þãˣ裬֪⾩̫
̫ˣҶعͷʲô̫ˣ
ÿղһݣʵ̫ˣ
ҶݸҲûа취˵ҪռЩ飬ӡˢˣѾҵ̵ʱˡ
ֵ㲻ٽӿȥҼҽһЩԺѾȥһһػʡʱ䣬һЩʱ򿴼
е֮ҲоЩ
˼ڤ룬벻ˡ
Ҷ˼ѣȻһͷ

ҶصסһʱյӿڣΧѾ߲ߡ
ҶصҶҶĸȻסԭǼլլҶ빫ӽӣڻصЩǷҲѾϣҲҶҶĸ
ȻϻĸҶҶĸҲжݵԵҶʱʱȥǡҶҲ֪£ΪԭǻʽҶҶҶĸɵҶҶĸŻŵؾܾˣֻ˵Ҹʡ˽£ǻԵŮƺ
֪ŮѾ֦ͷ˵Ҷ費⣬ҶҶĸҲһֱֵûȥţҪ˵ΨһĺôҲմ˹⣬˶ĻƣֶһӪ
ֻҶǰȣûа취ݳͲˣҶҴȥ͡˽һ죬ȿж磬ѾҶؼ֮ˡ
Ҷ·УҶҶĸڼУˣҲǾϲ
ôпУҶĸ˵ݣǾǰæʱҺһжãҲصسջ
˵ҶҶĸԾɸˣصؽвŵƽ᲻óԵĵķ˳ǰ
Ҷע⵽ݵϾȻһǰոշ۵һھ
ȣҲῴЩ
ܰҺҲʶ֣ҲסҶĸ˰ֻ֣⸽סһţǸˣпձԸҺҲЩֻ˵ģصһݣ
򾩱ӣŶҲҪӣҶĸӻĸ֮¡
ˣҪã⼸ոѧһ²ˣҲ˵óԣһҪҶĸϲģкҶȥˡ
ҶۼҶҲ߸˵طɿ뿪ֻӦ
Щ⣺ôҲڼң
ҶǸڿˣȽźԺ󣬱ʱҹڼҡ
Ҷĸɫһͣڨڨû˻
ɰͰ͵صЩӡ˿УڼЪš
ߣ賿дˣһ~
ŹκһֵĻᣡ

 121 

ҶĸǸó˵ѵ, Ҫ, Ŀ, ̱ܲԾ
ҶҲʣ˵˱Ļ, Ҷĸųһ
ҶԺҶĸæ³, ҪԼѧĲʽ, Ҷĸ᲻, Ҷ豾Ҫæ˳
ԺŲ, Ҷű֮֯󣬱һֱЩУҶһ£Ÿһ, 㱻˹ȥ
ҶƵЩֻ
ҶΡ
Ҷִ, ȴҲʮ, ֮, ܿгͣһҶ軷, ʣ, е¿ȥˣ
Ҷ˶٣»ᱻƳʲôԾæ𼹱, ͷ͵øͣСصˡ
ˣǰǻʱȥǰȣŽ˱ˣȽźˣ¿δ𣿡
ҶӦһ
Ҷ״ź̾һһҪҵæء
Ҷʱ޴ҪҰæ
¿ȥˣҲﲻˡ
ҶϱӻšеĶڿϴ˴꣬ɰͰ͵صҶǡﲻ𣿡
ҶǶŮʲôæǹô˼Ҷﲻϵģǰæأ
Ҷԣȴ̾һҶĶҲûж˵ʣû¿ƽʲô㣿ǻҪÿոͲЩǵˣ
ǰдͣҲ͡
¿ҲǽǸˣ
ǡ
ȽѾˣպҲ鷳ˡһֱ鷳ҵйⲻȥ
ҶŵصǡһǮ
ҶȻ򣺡֪ˣǽЩ񽻸ˣ˱Բгɿã÷Ѷӣ˱ȥ顣ǲǣ
Ҷ˵ֻӦ¡ǸĬԵӣǻ٣ֻܲͣصͷͣ¶˵
ò׵Ҷĸɫպãһӣ¡صط·һ㡣ҶҲƵطɿæ꣬Ҷһӡ
ҶĸϲģѵһˣһҪһЩ˵ǱȲϹգҲȥѧһ֣סڽֽǵǸǮӦòϵãʳ¥ģЩҲء㳢ҵгûУ
ĳǹгײͨʳ¥ܱȵģҶĸĲżҳܰҶԼĿ佱ֱҶĸĻŭţϲ£졣
ְѾ˵ЩӣҺڸʶء
Ҷ¿ӣʮ־ϲʶ֣ 
ǰ⾩Һ뿴ܲһֱȥұǵ¡ߣֻһҲǲģпձóһȻǲʲô˼ǼŮֻܶ˼ˡҶĸ˵˵дԼˡ
Ҷ²ҶҶĸȥԺһһԺɳдģģҲ֪˶ٻأּʮֹ
Ҷ־ϲһٿޣǽҶҶĸҲмֲ˼
Ҷĸɫ²ţҺѧĶˣԺҲܶˣ
Ҷ躬ЦӦ¡
ʣɷѹǷᵢǶ˵Ӫ
ҶҶĸ
ǲʲôѴˣҶ岻ãҪҩҩǮҪѲӣв޶ٴǶҲδֹǮǲˣɵ˵
õģõġҶĸæҺƽò˶ӡ
Ҷǲͬؿ
ٷƢ˵ҲỺŲԽҶĸţԽ顣
֪ȥҶһۣҲֻˡ
е¿ˣҺӪҶĸڨڨ˵ҵٸ㣬ûȴ֪ˡ
ö˶˵ģ¿ΪҪˣ
ũУһ¿ҲʮѵãƽҶҾͿ¿άƣô˵ͽˣ
Ҷĸϱ㲻¶ֿɬ
ҶһۣҶҲͷֻҲû취
һӪֶһӪڣǱҲصˡƫƫ֮ǰҶȣȶ˲ܼݳɲĻƲܶЩҲǴӴյģǱڴһˣÿս͹ȥӸǮ
ҲǺõģܲסҶ˹˱㶼֪ˣԭǵŮǼģ
ҶҴеĴմ״ʣ޶Ůִˣе˱㲻ͷЩ飬Ҷĸǰ㳢һζȴֳһء
ǵŮ˸߸ϵĹǧ𣬴Ҳ̫֣ӪʵǮֶ࣬һͷıæˡ
ҶȽŲ㵱ڣӪ˹ȥǿӲؽ¿ߣԻҪֵɷֵҶеȴһձһ١Ǵе׾Ҫǹһӣǵ˳УҶҴԶԶģɻʱʱ
Ҷ˹ǧ֪ͼʱʱǣ˱ΪҲżȮ죬ŽӵҲ٣ڶֱ׳ҶҶĸ벻Ӧ˵¿Ӫһ£Ƕص˴峤е¸صĳ˵ֻѹǿԡ
ҲҸҶ裬˶ǣҶ衣Ҫ˵ⱾǸеֻǳʮ꣬˶ѡ
ô飬Ϊβ˵أҶšüҲռЩˣΪλҪӦúõӪ˱ˣҪȥµĻơ
Ҳû취ǰǵȷǲ٣ҲðȥҶĸ˵ҲΣƽôæǾôôЩȥ񡣡
Ҷ裺°Ҳ򵥣ǲƾܣһȥ˵һֻҪ׼ˡֻǼ˴£պǶҲвµ鷳ҲǶߣܲ¶Ӧ

֪һػеڶأҶҶĸҲӲӲֻ
ǿ֪ҶԺҪ̫ģ
̫ǿδĻʺأǺεºܣδĻʺƽƽԽļ壬رԽ࣬˶ҲҶʲôΨֻǣҶ衣
иģҶĸû˵
ǰҶ軹ҶҴʱʱʱǻҶǸũŮǹǧˣɻв˳̾źѡʱѾ˸ˣҶһϻǿɾǹ׼
ЩĿҶĸ˵ҶĶ䡣
ǿӹˣסҲûʲôˡһӪûˣһӪˣҲʲô¡
Ҷ費ͬؿǣҶҶĸᣬҲͲǿ뷨ȻҶҶĸ˵
͵͵ʱ鳾䶨ˣҶҶĸܲỹѵɣ
Ҷϲԣǵƣҵæɡ
æҶĸҶһۣصǾôֶϵأܰʲô
ȻˡҶֻҪһ¿ܰˡ

Ҷ¿ûˣ˸
ҶԹ˵ȥȻ֪ҵľҲ֪ӿڶģҪֻҪȥӻ򵽡Ҿã̫һЩ

ǰ룬ӼеǶ೤һεľ룿Ǵ˳һһҲѲʱ䡣̶̳ŵģʳ¥ʳû⾩С
ҶҶĸһһ㶵ģȻףҲ֪Ҷ˵һһС¡
ǲʣܰʲô
ҪţҪжԾǵĵϤҪзĳҲ뵽˵Ҷ费̾һûһֳ̾ءǲ㣬ȥұ˰ɣֻǳ˵֮⣬Ҳ֪˭ˡ
Ҷͷ󺹣Ҷǡûа𣿡
֪ءҶüۣģʮֿǰգ̫ｫҽнȥҲ׼ٰ쾩ǲģҵﶼڳа£Ҫң̫˵ҪǨŭǣҲԼǲɣάԭҲá
̫ﶼˣҶƲֵģ˵
ˣ˵ҪȰҶ赱ˣǲһҶͬһദۼΪ֮Ŭھ֮ǰд£Ҳ˵顣
Ƕ˶簮Ůӣ벻ףǺ£ΪλҪأ
⾩ðǻſأ
˵ŴԺί£Ѿ󲻵̫붼롣ҶҪ̫ˣŶ⣬һʣǸ֪ж಻ס
Ҷ軹˵Ψһܰæġ
ҶҶĸֻһεصѹǵϣȴûаѹôǴ˷·ն
Һ취Ǹ¿ûҶĸҧģһ㡣
Ҷ⡣
һֱƻ裬Ÿؼҡ
һţҶѹܼвĻƣǽ˭
ܼҺǲ⣺С׿˵ģҪ½Ҷɽ𣿡
ЩͲ˵Ŀɲ
Ҷɽȣһֱܼ͡ĥˣȥôãƺһֱûˡ
˸ǱҲ֪һٿҵ档
ܼӦһֵС㣬չ˶
Ҷʱ۾һæʣ̫ӵģ
ܼæȥѶ˹һСӣҶ֮ǰùܼˣִѾҲ뿪Աûˣĵش˺ӡСģʲô¡
װŵһ壬Ҷóȥ˼飬ϳԭǿˤ˵塣˽ˣý˿Ʋãɣ㿴ԭˤĺۼ
Ҷ۾һæѴ˻
䣬СѾߵתһȦʣΣ
СѾɫΪѣǡ̫ʺС㡣
Ҷ裺
һҲͰˣʮַҶʣɼ˻ƽ֮ǺÿҶЩ롣
ûа취ҶֻðպãźطŻص˺
ﻹ̫ţæѴߣԼš
СѾػأΣȴҲûа취ֹ֪˶ٻء
ǰҲûССѽС̫ͻʱվһ԰ĥī˲֪ٻأѾľ
ʱԽãԽԽ֪˼ˣ

ڶգҶҴվһߵſڣ˭֪ûȳϲж£˵պǵĲˣ
ˣҲﲻãϵָųȥ˶˭֪ҲǣպҲǵĲˡ
ԭȴҲţڹŵƬ̣ۼһһͣ£ƽӦ˵ؽ˹ȥƽʱǸˡ
ɾǴˣ
ˣÿҪĵĲ߱ҪһӣȻ˵վͲˣĲ˲ͻˣ
ԼǺҶģҶҴ˱ϽȥҶʴ¡
ˣҶĸǾȣǴδ˵°
ǻţǵŮǳ˹С»§ģô˵ҪͲҪˣûһ
Ҷĸвµ»ҶģϲԣֻΪѣЩɶǹˣǵ˼ܲµá
ȥҶú¾ô£̲סԹһĲˣ컹ûʱȥժʵģ˵ҪͲҪˣҪⲻӡ
Ҷĸĳ⣺ڳаڸ̯ȥ磬˵ꡣ
һת̵ǲǽЩߡ
ǣ
±ǳģӦ˵ˣǵŮһ˺Ĺһ˹Ĺǿ϶ϺˣͷȻҲȱЩӡֱ׳صǽЩң¾͵ˡ
ҶҶĸĿࡣ
˺ܿҶյĻεصǵļͷʹǵʢ˵ˣҲ֪ô£ǷҪߵģ˵͵Ĳ˲ãŭ˹Ҳ˵Ȼûˣã¿Ҳǡ
Ŀɿڴ˵ʲô
¿ǡҶҪдôġ
⳵ҿɲǰ׽ģһӵģ
ӻ㣬ǡ˵ˣǵӸʲô
ܵˣÿռųͲˣҲÿڳͿͣǾֹ֪ж׬ֵӣ³ȥ
񲻿ϴӦҶҶĸҲɿڣ˱㵱
ҶյϢʱЩûеëʣ˵ʲôץȥˣ
Ҳ𾪣ǰ˹ٲ׿˵ġ
Ҷ裺
ץëʣƬ̣룬ֵȥһֻùٸ참Ҫ˽ˡ
ǹٸӦȥصҶҴͷʱ˵ҶҶĸҪĴָ
Ҷ̲ס룺ѵᵽҲܰᵽʲôԶĵطȥɣ
Ҵҵ˳ȥûãֻŻŵ˻
ˣС㣡ŵ˵Ҳȥٸ˵ҪҶأ
ߣΪʲôҵĶǶأ

 122 

ߣ֮ǰôòԾд鲻һˣСɰ鷳ٿһ飬Ϲ
ⷬٶͻȻ, ȴҲǲûԵɡ
Ҷת֮, ҲǴƬ̡
Ҫ, Ǻǧ𱻵һ¡
·ѾãտʱҶѾ뿪˺, Լ׵ﶼϻ, ȴ־, ҶҲû뵽
ټһ, ҪԸҶһũҲ׾٣ֻǰû, ֻ˸еͣȴȻôһ֣Ҳ⧲
侲֮ҶȥҶˡ
ǧɴС, ֻҪһƽ, һ, ҶҶĸݽ, Ȩƣ޿, Ǻд, ҶҶĸҪж֪
Ҷ˵Ҳǳһ¶ȥôˣ
䲻֪˭, ʱȻǳ
ɲһˣվŹ̫ӡˣѾվԥߣһһֻǴźлԥҲ˵
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣£֮󻹲֪ʲôԥǱҲҪע⣬Ҫ£ԥ̫ݣҲҪΪ̫ӣȸ̫ӴϢ
أ
Ҷ趨˶˵ȥһš

ҶҶĸֻʵֵũⱲ󵨵Ůβɴδ׵ȥһ¿⣬ôٲأ
ҶҴĴһȦֱߣȴ׽˴Ǻ͵ǧﳱʪ䣬ŵҲ׼ķˣҲʮ׶ҲҶҶĸû˰
Ҷ֣ʣ°źסˡ
ηľդҶĸæȥסŮԼһЩɻδע⵽ԼۣȫǷηۻңҶֱۣȾ˳Ҷĸæ֣ȴҶס
Ҷĸ˴գֱ
ģҶܽǶ˳ȥҶ
ҶĸŵصǡǺǵȷǰˣѹСӵµȷġ⡭
촽˶Ҳ֪νͣȴҲɲҲΪֻܴͷ֪ˣҵɴಡˡ
Ůѱ˼ҵŮʮжȣǣҶ衣ǰҶҴѣţ»ΪҶˡô࣬ȴǵסǰµĻˣǵԼ˴ΣҶǡ
ƵŮǹΪΣ䣬Ҷôĵط
һ˲䣬Ҷĸ뵽ࡣ
֪Ҷʲôӣ˹ҲǣѣҲ߾ȫšⱾ˴£Ҫǣ֪ҪҶ鷳ѾѣҪҶæٸ鷳
ҪˡҶĸĨĨᣬ˴£ҲӦãͲˡ
ҶץҪ֣ͬط˵ʲôѴܲܡ˵ҲҶǻΣҲҪҡǲˣѵǵѪĲТ֮𣿡
ʲʲô
ҶĸЩס
Ҷ˵˼䣬δ˵̫࣬һ̫ӺԥйأҶĸʲôҲûˡֻǸͨũŵĹٲܰŵɪɪθǣӵ֮СɴܣֻҲ
ôӣҶĸĺڰգôҲû䣬޴صǡҺ
ҪίǣжˡҶЩھεصҲ֪Ǳ߻ʲôֻ»ǸȦס
Ҷĸæ˵ίίǶġ
˵ţæҶһۣҶҲ˵ͷ
Ҷһôʳϣ˰ηı컻ˣһжʰˣŶҶҶĸ˵Ѿʲôòʵĵط˵һ
ҶҶĸͷûа䲻ǡ
ȵҶ뿪֮ǰҶĸסʣǡ治𣿡
ġҶ谲СǺͣǳ⣬ûǣС㻹ǻᱻߡҲľô꣬ҪȻ˵Сĸ
ҶĸǱοˣҲûж˵ʲôֻľϿԶֱʲôҲˣջߡ
֮󣬴ϻոµı죬ϰſɿڵķʳηҲѾûǰɲ˵ģ
ҶĸصҶߣϣС١
Ҷ˵ͷ
ҶҶʱǱ֪Ůͬһ㣬һӺǧΪũŮҲǲͬ⣬ҲδǰæҲȷﲻʲôʱͬסһ£Ҳ̫࣬һһͣǷǵﲻһæȴҲֻķݡ
ۣҲǵıԸ
ĽҶ赱ŮҲʵģҪΪܹҶˡ
Ҷĸ֪뵽ʲô˵¿Ͳýȥ
Ҷֵ˵ͷ

˴֮Ҷ豾ֱӻؼңδʻã·ϱ¡ӭһʻ·룬Ҷһۣĺܡ
ĵȥĲ¥Ҫһż¡ȻûãӱŶ롣
ҶЩȣôյϢˣ
ֵ̧裬һƵǰһԼһڡյϢҾͳˡ
֪ҶǶũʮֿأͻȻѣҲʵ֣뵽һЩ飬ҲҶ衣
ҶʣǺ˼ԥ˼
Ӧԥ˵Щӣԥһ¡
Ŵ˵İӣ
ҡҡͷŴ˵İѾˣҲٷ顣ǻİӡ
Ҷһ
ճǳ誵ĵЩ⣺ʲô飿
ҡҡͷȴûж˵
£֪ģҲڼ֮ǻѾǻǰѾס֪ͷ⣬ǰ˰ǣвٶǳϳʵǸˣǻʵѾݱ±˼ɣֱײһ֮󣬻ʵۻڣֻ֤ܰݽ¡
ƹܳ͢ҪҲǸʵ͵λã²˶ţԲ˭ҲԸͶ֪ǸˣҲ֡
ԥҲͷ
ȴֻ뽫Ҳ£ҪԼ°ڸҪλãĹԱλȣ£ã͵ð˻һҪˣضҪд󶯵лǣ׵ĹԱǰҶվҪԩˣԥȴûô˼ɡ
ԥ֮Ȼ֪⣬ӦǱ˭㣬Ҫڴʱ֣ץһС£ǣġҲ֪λǧ֪飬ֻΨһ벻ס
˼޸ԥԥһԥҲпԭλϣҲԥƽﳤɽ¶ˮȻ֣ȴǺҲĿ
ǰһֱַ֣ʲôҲû
ԭһֱں棬ȻȴҲûֵԥ֮λ˰ͬһϡ˽ԥԥ¶Ժˣвٶڸ󳼼ҵŮԥΪ룬£еĴ󳼣֮λϵҲǳеĴ١֮λٳٿţʮֵԥӡ
ʲôԥϸȢһõĹ
ãԥ˵ҲҪ档̫ҲעЩ̫Ҳδԡ
ָӣһ˼ʲôģ
ҶҲţűյأ˼Լ顣
˰Σͬʱڣԥ֪
ͬʱ졣
üģ˵ɡ 
ҶˣԥҪ£αضҵĸֻ֣ǣңҲ޷ӰֺİǷǣҵ
ҡͷ붨κιϵ
ҵκιϵԺȴ˵׼ҶصͻȻѣҲб£⣬ҲȻЩ޹ؽҪ¡֣Ҫ㣬Ҫҵǡҵ£ҲҪӣǲȻҲ䵽ԥС
һ㶣˼
Ƿ붨ǣҪֻҪˮõȥûϵҲܱйϵ
ɫһȥ֮˲һ顣
Ҷ˵ͷδ㷽ʲô
ʳ顣
 
ڳʮ꣬Ӧö˽ⲻʣǷʲô˲֪ĶԥسֻܲΪ˺ͷ
пɲֹһүԥֻԳмӡ
Ҷ˼
ãҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ٻὫڼ˵ҲδἰҲ뿪֮󣬲֪Ҫ£ԥ
һֱַֹؾصģǰʮ꣬ҶҲδйеͷֱ뿪˺ŷ֪Ŀ֪ʱҲǳһ
ɲԥͶϣԥ£˵ͷϱӵĳҲû֪ô֡
ֻǲ֪ϱӵҶ֪֪Щ
Ҷ֪óͷҲûҲ֪ҲҶ֪æԥܺҲû֪
˶һۣҶüͷڿ˼ڤ룬δĿ⡣
ʲôϵҶѾվͬһպֻΪ㣬ƽϱӵĵʧúðڡ
üĿתʣյ𣿡
Ҷ̧ͷĿ⣬һӻͳǸ
Ѿý˾޸ֻЩӵǾòãҾȥһõĸ
أѾܺˡҶס壬ָĦԲİ͹ͼһۣҲЩ˼ʣǵأ
üңҵĶҵȻš
Ҷ䴽
˵ģ̫ӴҪȥġϡͿģ˶ˡ
ֻǹȥôãûζЩź˼һֵһʧζһֲԢʵá绻µġ
Ҷ趯һ٣µģ
壬Ȼ޺ˣҲԭ»ٷʲô£ҲϲҵĶµҲϲһ˵꣬ӻͳöһģһ壬һöݵǰǻµģ˱һ۾Ƴˡ
ҶĿɿڴ
öϣ˵̫ӵˣ·һˣܷǶ˹ϵͬһ㡣һģһϣ±˲֪
Ҷ͵ƽ̫ҶЩ˼Ŀŵ֮¡
ʣ㲻ϲ
Ҷſڣ˵Ļ
ǲϲͼǲϲ״˵ͬһģƣƴһ顣
˵ţ͸Ҷʾһ飬ֿʱһģһһʱȴµһ飬ƾɣ˼˫壬Ȼԧ塣
Ҷ޻˵΢΢۾ԵؿӰΣֻý˹Ŀע֮£䡣
ҲȻһϡ˳˳ƿߡ

Ҷ²ǰ㣬ԥ׼Ȼܿ㳯Ŷ֡
ҶҶĸŸڶգ˹ǵԣ˵Ļǧ顣Ҷ˼Ҳֻи֪ϢδйͷȥȴƽǶ֪ˡ
Щȴȫ˵ųĿǵŮߣýʳȴũйʮĿӣݵʮҿԿУҶҶĸϺ˽͵ߣ֮߷߲ƽʮֿɶ
ڶǳ˱ӻԶ˵İס
ϢǴӲ¥ﴫģ˵еĹ¡¥˵һֱ˵ˡĹ£һ˵£Ҳߣ˵ͣһֵĿʮֵĿʮֵĿɶ񶼳˰ٱĿɺޣپ˵Ĵ˶ΪǶˡ
ǶǳǾʮЩóΪҳ̸ʣɼܲסƲЩʱǶ˲١ˡ¼ǶԡˡԳ¼ңԥ˲ٺøУһ˵ǧδԥ˵ô£롰ˡһΪճͷ壬ԼĺȴЩƽߡ
˲֪̫飬Ҳ꣬һȥŴȻг״һũ£ǶũȻҲ붨ϵֻ֤ڱ㹻ˣǶ˵֤
ԥ׼õˮҲϵõ˶ϡ
ʵ˵黧һӣҲ֪βģȻǣָ뻧һԱᣬӦб˽ңе飬ԥ׼˲١֤ݡ
ٲ춨Ĵţ뿪
δ˵ʲôж³ףеҲȫ󽻴ҶһŹٲ뿪
Ҷ豾ΪҶ˻ⲻסҶ˾Ȼʮ򶨡
ĸŮĿŹٲ뿪Ҷ̽˽һһԸȥɡ㾭£ҲţѸٵذŷԸȥ¡
ע⵽ҶĿ⣬ҶеصԥһıҺŻϵʱ򣬼ٴ棬ɸģҲͷһض״ˣһػ㱻ˣţһжء
Ҷ裺
Ҷһŵʲô
Ҷʮ򶨣ڼдʫд£ʲôҲö룬ԩģ̫ӿ϶ܲ࣬ڻǰҲм棬Ҳ
Ҷ裺
Ҷ˴ȰԴ㻹δޣе㶼еﵣţ㲻õġúõģܷġ
ΨһߣŮ
ģҲܰæҶץס֣ĿᶨصҵļңҪ۸ҵļˣг£ҵȻܸɿšѾеӤҲٱ˴߶޷֮һȣ뿪˼ţҲԼһ£ҲҪﻤңʲô֪ҶҵŮҵĵﶼõĵѾҸ࣬ҲŮǲǡ
˶٣ȻسҶգգ۾
Ҳ˵ˣ͵ǰŻʱɱȽ౶ǰȣҲʲôǲҲ֣պҲᶪ˵
Ҷ΢
Ҷ裬þ˵
δŮһǰŮѾԼһ͵ˣѾ֮λ°߶޷֮ӤҪ໤ŮһЩܾһۣҪŲֲ꣬ЩĿǷһҰݣۿɰȴҰղ紵
ξãЦӦðɣ㶼ġ
Ҷ⡣
ôҶ˺棺ǣǳ̫ӻܰæ뻧κιϵҲڳΪ٣ھеĹϵҲ࣬ô
Ҷ΢΢һЦˣҲʲôҲûС
ԥҪˮ𣬶˵ǶĲǡҲһͣ˵Ļ˶


 123 

ߣдˣ鲻һˣ鷳Сɰȥٿһ飬ôô=3=
˵ĹھǴкóһʱ, ˵һһ˵, ǽն֪˶˵Ĺ¡
˵Ŀ, ˡΪճͷ壬Ϲ, һһĺù١ڶ˵ԭͳ´Ѿȥ꣬ѹ֮, ʱһ, Ҳ, ʱֻǵĺã벻Ļǻֻ֮ͨʢ, дʵǺãͨճܸܵȨѹȣҲбΣʱͬ, ҪӵһλôΪԼͷ
˵˵Խ, ڰ, λˡӸ߷, 䣬һ۵㡣
Խ, һΪƽ³ͷܲƽ, ԽǷ߷ߡ
ԥƲ֮£˼Ҳ롰ˡһԥǡˡĺ, ˼ԥ룬ǡˡ۸
ɾͷ΢Щŵ˶֪´岢δ绰֮覵ˣΪٶ꣬¼̫ĸ壬̫Ҳ£ٺ£Ҳ¡
Ѿھ֮һڵľУʵĶ߱ȫͳʮǮһݡкöµģҲкöģɷҲͿʼÿ˶ˣҪȥ淭һҶ軹ü˴Щ¡
·еľϣڷһ飬д˺üаԵ޿ˡ֮£˿Ҳ߷߲ƽ˹лɾϵǹдҲȷȷʵʵ飬ԽǼ࣬˲ԽǷŭ
ˣкö˻ȥվдŵĿɺ֮˾˭
ǵİʮ壬ǰھ϶Щƽʱѭ˹ȥЩѾûа취ɸշģȴվΪЩ˹ͷ
˵ǰǸӣڽַھӵİСһΪɵСӣԼһµģȴǰӺ𣬷СӾӪƣöŴ󼪣鷳ַھһߡ
α屬İվ˳žϵȥҡ
˵Ǵ˵СҲСİ࣬ھǵĸУܿ㰴ž͸¶һֻƬҵ˵˵ļС
˹֪ҪϾ֮󣬱׼ѯҲʵ˵ˡ
һλҲʵмҴһգüĳһգȴ֮һλ˿Уǿߣͬ⣬øֻƾɵСﹶӲдΪ˲ȴֻܿų˽ҴռΪУϡ
һλǰӲСĳײ˹˼ҵֶǸɹȴǲŹǣҲǼҲҹϷ¿꣬زڴȴչ˵ҲûУ˵ʱŶӵλݺᡣ
һ׮һ׮ŵİдĲƽ£Ȼҳ˲١
Щ˹ھǾסѾãھҲ֪ǵĿʱ˴ʱҲͷ͡
ΧҲ߷߲ƽչ֮󣬱Ǿλɶôɺ֮£Ȼң⣡㶨Ҫ˵˶֪
λôܵأ˹̾
գҲȻ
ǶȨĸƽ²СģҲС˱кýãڼжл´ϵ
ǵﲻҲǶ֪ôҶ֪Ǹ˿ɶԺҲܱһЩ
ǰǰ
˹̾ȰȰԥԥأ˵ˣǸ¼ҡ
¼ңĸ¼ң
˹СǾǸ¼ˡ 

˻عʣѵǸ´ˣ
˹ɫ䣬æ֣˵ģɱ˵ 
һܲףǸ¼ң
ˡĹѾ˾֪Ҳ֪ˣˡǸ´ˡ˷Ǻ˵˵´ôˣ
˵˵ôǺ˵˵˹Źȥ꣬ǲǵãȥؼʣʮǰǲһ֣ӣǴ⣬ǼҴ˼طǶǶһݣô꣬ƫƫƫƫûѽ
˵ĴҲ˲棬ϯضʹ
޵У֮ҲݣΧ˼ٲԸҲ˼֡߻ȥһһҶʮǰ֣Ǵ̣ھѾ˼꣬е˶ǵãĴֱֺˣǺ˼жŴǰ֣Ĵƫƫĳһչˡ
һ̣˵ЩȻҵ࣬ﻯĶˣȻڳ¼ҡ
һò˻ɡ
Ѳɾ˵ǼٵģҲۼ׶˵ҲǼ׿ȷϣдĹδйƫ̻κһҲ˼١ϲǼٵģǾǡˡǼٵģ
ˡĹԴڲ¥Ǵ˵˵µݱ٣ֻ˵ĶˣôΪ棬ʵеؽЩ¡
ɶΪ飬ۼΪʵ
£Щ´ȴҪ죬֮ھ֮Ÿֲ֮Ҳвٹͣ˿ڶഫ֮䣬˶֪ˣ¼ԭһЩɺ¡
ۼ˲ƽ£׶˲ƽԣˡ׹һò˻ɡԭУˡΪƽʵ֮У¼ȴҲǸаԵѹյĶˡڰУԭĳ´Խףһ۵㣬˱ԽţԸܡ
˵ڲ¥ľŵİĿб˲ٻɡ

鷿
ԥһ뿴֮ĻʵۣŻʵüͷҲĵ
ʮֽţֲճȭϲԣɫʮ򶨡ԥ۽ǵƳһۣȴ̩Ȼ
Ѷͽη֮У֪Ѿʮɵİաǻʵƫ̻̫ӣҲҪӣ̫Ӿֻ顣
ʵ۳ٳû˵ԥǰһֵʣԸΪʷǡ
ʵ̧ͷһۣȴӦ
ԥƹܹǹ鴦ˣԥôУЩ£
̫ӴԲӣΪӣΪϷǽҲǷ֮£⣬ȻҲӦվ߾ȫΪϽ¡Ƴ̫һۣصֻǲ֪ǣУ̫ӹΪ£ѵΪ𣿡
Ӳԣŵ̫ڳаѾãҲӦ֪ҪӣҶ˵Ůδ̫񶨹˲»Ҫɵ̫ϡѲɣ̫Ҫף
Ƴһۡ
̫ӡ
ˡʵ۳ĻǶҲسˡ
ԥ˿ڡ
ʵšüͷеӣϼŵıǽջ¡
ֻһС£ʵ۱δ̫ϣȥ飬˭֪һ飬Ȼǳܲ࣬Ҳǣ˽ȥ
붨ֵͬܣ໥֣Ҳ֪Ǹʲôˣ˵ΪǮб˽ңҲţƫƫȻҳ֤ʵĲţɶ֤ҲǴ۵Сۡ
Ѿ¶飬ѾԭǸͨСӣǵˣҲԶĲûʵۺҲǡ
Ѳɣ̵ҰҲʲôͷ
ʵ˽ﲻԸţΪѡ
鷿ֳĬƬ̣Ȼһ̫ݵ
ʵ̧ͷԥ̫Ҳתͷȥ
̫ڣйֱӿżɽصʵۣ˵˻顣
ʵüͷȴ̫Ļֻ̫죬̫
󹬲ǰ֮£Ƿ⣬ҲҲܲš̫ŴŮ£ʢ˵صֻǰҪ˵һ乫

Цһײԡ
Ȼ̫˵𣺡¾Ȼ붨أ㲻ý̫ӣδ̫ҶҲ֪̫Ƿƫ̻δˣϾЩ£˭֪ǷΪĳЩˣǷĿġʵۣ˵ǲǣ
а
˵ⰸôҪҵ֤ݣҲǶԥڳоӪ꣬Ҳ֪жǶ֣ݸߣǽУ˵Ҫڶšҿ±ǽԥʡ˵ǽһ乫̫ȴǲɣԥݹߣڣԥʲ
ʵüͷȴǲԸӦ¡
̫ʵۣҵĻҲ𣿡
⡭
֮жҲԥʵˣ֪ԥɷʲô֮ԥָ̫ʵۣԥ̫ӶĻʶɱ˱ˡ
ʵüͷø
ξã̫һۣԥص±㽻ԥ
ԥ¶ϲɫ
лӺȻվ˳ֵʣ
ԥص̫ӿɱ˱ӡ
ͷҲأŵ¹ش󣬶飬뷮˴Эԥ¡
ԥɫһæһ˱԰ãҪˡ
ԥԲӣİ¹ش󣬶ҲλȨأȻǣ˶˵֮£и಻Ϊ֪飬ԥݱɲȨ󣬶Ҳִڣǰ붨϶»ƫ̻ɫ򶨣ԥƽæзܸ£кβã
ʵ۾һæ̫˵Ĳ÷˴Э
̫˵Ǹ𣬵ȷ붨оԹȡͬģҲΪ˽˶ԹⱨҲܷԥʲôС߼޻
Ȼʵ۶ˣԥҲ޻˵ֻˡ
ǻʵ۵ҰԺҲΪ̫ӵԭҪ£ӶϺݺһñܽзڣֻܰס
ҲûϵֻҪӣ뻧˻ˮ֮£Ѿ֪֮вһ£ԼһֻҪһһС£ҲŪ£Լְȥ
߳鷿ʱԥǵ⡣
һۣڻʵǰ˵Ҳ˼ɡ
ص̫ӻȥǶЩ׼Ƕ£µʱ̫Ҳѹֻǲ֪Ҷﳼ֮Ů̫ǲҪһˡ
Ƴһۡ
ԥ밸ӵɡٵ治ˣзڣǼ٣ܻס
ǣзȷصĴ˰̫ӿɵСעţǧҪӣҪǣСԥүҲűй
ָǳ
ǳҲǹ˼
˭֪Ǹܾ˵ĹȻ۹һָָܸ⣿ǲţ֮£ҵĻᡣ
ݹ˼͸¶ģ֪ƺ١
£һȻһүڰʲô
̫أ
ԥЦһﳤȥ·ѾԼδ̫ӵĳ
壬ҡҡͷķȥ
ȻҪǰҲҪЩ׼ˡ


 124 

˼һ, ǵóŭ, Ҳ, ÿղǸŶ飬ǸѧϰҲҶ˵ʲôÿձʵʵ, ʲô뷨ҲУŶ̤ȥ
Ȼ, Ҳ֪Ϣ
֪ԥ̫Ѿʼ, ƽ, 㶯ͷ, ѧǣŵȥҳƵĽ
δ˵ָ뿪, ɹ˼ȴ, ֻǰͶ˵, ˵仰
˻顣
ǰ, ȻԺ֮УҲʲô֪, г˴ʱ, ǵ˶֪Ҳ˵һЩ继
ڼ֮󣬹˼˽⳯ô, ɻʵǴ˵ֻ֪ԱǣУǵǻѪλüб䶯ǡƾ٣¿ƽʿǶá誱Ҳڴ֮󣬿ʼûʵãƽơ
ǹ˼ǵûҶڻһ֮ȵ𣬳誵ĸǻ飬ǣ࣬Ҳ֪Ҷβ֮ǽұȻ鱻ְҲûɴñûԴ֮Ҿͳ˻ʵ۵³衣֪Ĳ࣬ЩҲ㹻ˡ
֪⣬ԥԥŸɣ֮£浱֮飬˼޹أȻԥԼɽЩ˼Ǵ⣬ԥ֮͸Ӹˡ
үһأȻǰһˡ
ƣ֪δᷢ飬ֻҪЩ֪ȻͿ԰ԥûλֻҪԥ˻ʵۣδĻʺ󣬺αػҶأ
ԭˣѹҶһͷֱӸ׳нҪĻǷԥϻλֻҪ˻ʺҶҲ޷λá
˹˼⳯еĽʱʱҪȥ
һعҲûǰСι߶ﻰⶼԥһ࣬Щᷳ
ԥڲ黧飬֪ɵҲҪʱ򡣡һйû飬㵹ݶȥ
˼æУл˵
ӵ˵
˼ŤŤʣԥʱ˵ʲôҴ

ûУ
ôûأ˼ţţɾͿҴˡ
ԥڲ黧İӣͰֵַشţʲôӡٷʲôֱӸңתԥ
˼룬˵Ӧ׵ġ
ʲô
Ļˡ˼İӦ׵ģԥҪ飬Ҳȥ
Цһʣô֪׵ģ
˼ȴ˵ˡ
ܲ˵Լ֪δɣ
δѪʵȻ˳飬ȴҲǹְأǳǣУұҲ̲ʲôáҲ֪ǲǴˣƺʼʱ򣬳Ҳû£ǳҲ޹ɣ
˼ҵľˣ˵׼ûԥ£ڳϰ׷ѹ򡣡
ÿɷ񣬼˵ˣ뿪
ԥĿҪԼˣȥ£飬ɳԲٳٲ׼Ҫŵ˼⻧岻ףҲҪֻҪԥ˼
ԥҪףסԥǲ룬ǳұҲ͵ͷˡ

誰Ѿãһֱ׼ƾ٣ֻгżȴҲûлȥ
ҵ˼ʱҲһ֮˵ܽȥ㱨Ϣ
үˣү
Ǿϲ誣ôˣǴˣҲǣۿžҲûʱˣǸûؼú׼мסź˶ûС
誴Ļڼ𣿡
һ£Ǵ鷿ء
Ӧһ첽鷿ķȥҲ֪Ŀģæȥ
鷿飬ȻţҲһ誣ˣ
調첽ߵǰֱۣӹ
˸ںͷһĻɫ䣺誣ʲôҲüͷе
ͷ񱻹УȾɡ
ɫʱ
ҾȶŭɶǣİΪ飬Ӧñӣⰸӽԥ飬̫붨ף̫Ӷ֪ӣ㾹ȻҾ˵Ҳ⻧飬ǳһϵҺαذæ
Ҳû뵽æ߹Ҫ誣ǲҲΪ룬˵ˣԥȥ飬Ƕ׵ģȻҲ£㵣ʲôʲô
ԥȥ飬ҲҪġ誵ǻ飬飬岻ףԥ̫ԣ£̫ӱ۰ԥôϻף
㲻ͬ⣬ȥһ˵ȥֻԥϻ˷ЭзڣףԥҲԩ߷Ȼվ𣬴ƳأңΪʲô̫Ӷ֣ȴЩ
˵ɫͬѿ誣ΪλҶǸѾͷ̫ӶףһϵҲûˣ
誱ֻܴף𣬾Ĭˡ
˾ģһкݺϣ׼ͬ˿ͬĵȴʹ
ܲס
ҶѾ̫ӵˣûһϵ
̲ס̲סȥҶ£¾Ҳѣʥ飬ȴһīҲȥһʱͷԷȣص˳ſڡ
ĸһѵ⣬侲֪ԼҴˡ
ɳ֮⣬ҲҲˡ
ֻһδ|Ҳǿ£ֽܲô֮Сʫд£̨ۣܵЩѾֵܻΪԼɵҪﵽҶʱȴԼԾʲôҲ
ʧؿһܣص뿪У˵ǲǵĻҲٿǣԼ˳ҡҵжᶨͷң棬ѧЩľģң´ҳ£ִȥ˭󶨹𣿡
ҶҵѾͷģλΪͷ
վ
˵ǵؿֿмУ誣ɡ㿴棬ӹûڼУźҲûУҲʡҺġ
誵һȥˡ
誣˼ˣ˳һѣҲȰȰ
ȰʲôûصǰѵûȰҽô꣬ɵͷҶҵǸѾͷʲôҲҲһۣ㽫ҲأҪӣǳҿǷ뿪ʱйͷʲôҲûУֻҡ
һۣޱ飬Ĭԣֿ޾ɵģ׻һЩǻҵģúûǮ˵Ů
Ļ˵꣬誱ˡ
һҭûü˵ʲôͼת뿪գûӰ
Щȥó˼æס
㿴㿴ŭҪĹֻʲô
̲סҲûѧʣ涼˵ǰҪҲûж˳ҵ|֮󣬶Ȼ׵ġ
̲ס߶֪ˣ㲻û˻Լ񵹺ãҲǵĻ
ǻԼʲô£˵Ҫǣǡ
˾ȣѵġ
ɫѿȴδ
ڻҲһЩԥڣȳŶ֣ôܻŹһ⣿ڹٳ˶꣬ҲزԼаӿ˫Ѿ̤֮УҲ֪Ƿǣ
һգҲѱҵϣֻܷڳϡ
誡
кڲǰԶӵĽ̫ݣԭȴһüǵ˿ޣȴ棬ס£ѧٺٳɫҲʵǧ
ϣ誵Լ˵ǰ㣬վסҡ

誳˳һֱĿĵڽš
Ҳ֪ԼδߣȻعʱ㷢ԼѾ˶Уվ˾ſڡ
ʮ֣·ʱʱҪͣפ㣬ͳһݡվһԿƬ̣ҲӻͳǮ˶ʮǮȥ
ѾõУȴҲû˼
֪⾩ҶģһڵľУǰδüΪ硣뵽ҶľǶ£⾩Ҳ֪ܷȥ
ҶϲģҪܹһЩԽԽáֻҪʮǮÿһݾѾУһдҶ裬Ҳ֪ܵҶϢ
ֱԥԣ̫Ҳݷе飬˽Ҳ࣬Ҳ֪ҶʱǷš
ţһǰһζͣʶظ̧ͷ㿴Ѿ߽Ҷ˳
۾һϲгҶ
ҶתͷʱҲһ¡
ӣ
Ҷƣ䵽еľϡº͵ЦЦҲ򾩱𣿡
ô˻ᣬϸҶһ
ϵģΪҶᾪʧ룬㲲ɽҶȴɹʣЩǱԲλࡣҶʱʧʱҲᾡԼҲ֪ǷҶαװ
ʶ߬оҳֽ塣һʣм仰ܷҶ
Ҷһ£ܿ˿Χﲻ˵ɡ
̫ӵϢǰŸշ飬̫Ӿ֪ˡҲ֪̫ӵ߲Ķ̫Ӷ룬󷽷ģѸĲĶ꣬Ҳʡ´ʡ
Ҷ˵Ҷ顣˴Ƭ̣һŵصǷܰæĵط
ҶЩɻ󣬵ǵлӺ⣬ҲȷûʲôҪӰæĵط
Ȼ
Ҳȷûʲôܰġ
ĻҲûУ˵һ仰ֻǸǲǻԶûСѾ;ڳΪ٣ѾӵһңҲʱΪ
Ҷ룬ڼӻǰĶ飬׼ǲǡǼҵ£ﶼд㣬ٲãҲ̫Ӱæͷӡ
Ҷ˵꣬Ŀ鲻ԽԱۣ۲·ˡ
֮ĶԻƺҲû⣬ֻǲ֪̫ӵûС̫֪ˣ˵ҪдȤ
Ѿ뵽취ˣ΢ͷһеľȻʶʲô
ҶЩɻֵ۽ΣȫԸģģұ㶼ˡܸò̫
ܹǱȲ㡣
ҶӲ⡣
Ҳ֪ΪκȻֺȻЩ֪룬Ҳ֪һ·жơֻǺصӺαԷƱ˻˲ġ
û˺һĬرܿ
Ǵ˴εĶԻˡ
Ҷ󣬼ʲôҲ˵ˣߡ
û߼ֱ誽ס
Ҷ㡭гһշԼҪĶѾòˡƾԶԶô죿
Ҷعͷ
Լóָⷬ벻ʲô
ҵµҪĶ²ֻһ·Ҳֻһѡġ
誱㳹û˻
һǽߣĬ
ҶֵƬ̣ûٽסԼƵؽ˾
꾩֮󣬻صУȻյ̫š
ҶţݣֵһȻˡ
˵⼸յ飬˵˶Ľ֮⣬Ҳû˵̫ࡣԥ뷮ڲ鰸Ǻ޽չİҲһֱţϲ£Ҳֻܴηɵš
ڹµļ仰˵꣬ܳһݣӸ˵Ļ
ҶؽѾ߸ߣ뿪ʱҲûŹšź󣬼СѾ߻࿴һۣ͵͵̾һ
ʣµУ̫ԴǼҵһΪֺͳ誴ٸǽӽһͼı죬һ仰Ҳ˵Ҳһ۶Ҫ࿴
Ҷ趶˶еţֻ˳ֽð˳ī֭ݹ֭Ŷζ
ҶֻԼʵĺܡ
˵Լôֵ⣬̫Ҳˡ
ԥڵ̫鷳̫ҲæŶ飬æŻæŸֹôæµǳ鲻
ôôпУҪ˻㱨ЩëƤ飬˲˵дô೤ƪָۣ
Ҷ̯һŰֽĥīĥſʼдš
ηͷǱѾȥ񾩳Ѿ˲ٹڳ¼ңԥĸ|||Ϣ飬ѾˣѾźһھݡ
̫ҲЩǣ
ߣ׽

 125 

յ, Ѿڳ¼ҵԡ
ԭԥĳﱸ֮, ´ھ֮ж, ж˻¼Լ̫ĸ壬Ķ²٣һһ˳, ǾûᵽģҲвվ˳
֮, һݾٴηС
˾ȥվȶǰ, ٶ˻Ĺ, 󷭵˺ķ
յķ֮Уд˳¼ҵ顣ἰʮǰ, ´屾йһ׮ӡʮֹʱҲĽǶȣʮǰİ渵˵ǰ
ͳ, һ׮ԩ
ǵ˶ڶݾ, ǵƽ, еĴҲڶϰߴ򷢼еȥ, æһչؼ֮, ǽ·еľ֮, ׷ɫڶճʱɫأȵ˹ſ, һͬ糯ͬҲȫɫ֡
糯ʱд˵ù⣬վ˶ʮǰ׮ӡ
ʮǰڣΪ̫¼ҵʮֲھкаԵһʱ䣬д˶Ҫ¼˵ɫ¼˲δԼԼҲʮֿƾԼԸ£ѹٴԩֻʱ̫ã˶ˣЩԩѳûʱ֮Уֱգű˳
ʮǰ¼Ϊһ˽ԹҲΪ˷չԼݺ˵ʱһĹԱֺӼ°ٿȫֻʮӼҹ˳˶꣬˪ףΪʮǰӼҷ
λӹѾշתҵֱЩҲѾ͵͵Ѽ˲֤ݣȵգʱ죬˳
ʵ꣬ҲǳõسĬ
δü֪дʲôйԱȿ̫һۡ
治ɫվף˿顣
ԥˣѵ׼
ʵջߣڣ
Ⱥ棬û˷Լϻ˯һ飬æվֱ塣Ĩһ°ͣãȻӦʲô
⾩飬֪
ʲô˶٣鲻Խϣ̫Ӳδͷֻǻһվšʱˣ⾩飬Ȼ֪ˡ
žųд򣬶ھдžҡУ˶Ϊ⾩µġʵ۵Ȼ֪ĵϸҿݣȻǵĳˡ̫ӵָʹ
̫ӵĸƨ棬̫ӵ˼û֪ġ
̫Ӷʱ岻ݴǵվ˳Ӵ˵տޣзӴ˹¹ģһ˵á΢ã»飬ϳ£
ԥ¼ң֪²򵥣վϣӼҵİӣʮǰѾڼصӼһȻУ΢ٰ׷ٲ顣
ԥԲӡһλվ˳ǵдԩȻܷŹȻ˻ɣó֤ɽǰľڷٲһ顣
ϣ΢ԸΪЧͣ鵱Ӽһ
ԥȥλԱϵã׽̫ӵ֡
ʵ۳Σʣ̫ӣô
ӵó֤ݣ֤Ǽ١۰ӴСԩ飬ӦΪԩ
һ飬͵ò鵽ʮǰ
ԥҧ¼ǳ¹ĸ壬ҲҰЩæҲԳ¼ҵϸָơ
˵ףûе˵
˵Ƕʮǰ顣ʮǰͷʢ¼ұĵ֣µЩûӰӣ
ԥ͵͵Լһʾ⣬ӵ񣬵վ˳̫ӵĻ
һͷйԱֳɣԼԼͬģвͬģվмϡģݡ
ð죬ʵ۲ŵˣˡ
ͣ¡
ԥǰһϣҪ飬΢岻ݴǣԸΪϷǽѡ
ޱ飬ԥղ˵ˣ
ԥһͣڻʵۿĽǶȣݺݵһۡ
ʵã˾
±㽻̫Ӱɡ
ԥɫ䣬Ҫ˵ʲôӱ죬ǰһ˵ϣ罫½
һȺĿԥҲŵתͷĿ֮г𾪡
ôһ⣬̫ǰûԸЩĿɿڴɵԭءعҲ˲ǵæȺǰҡͷ֣УУ
ŵسŻʵ۵½ңǵ治а
ǻ˼˿Уֻ޲ǰ̫ӵԴϣܻܲγˮ
̫ӽѵǱԥʲôҩˣô뷨
䣬ǵİգĸ˲֪Ǹ
̫ӳëǲëˣ
ʵҲֱ壬ظһ飺
ûɫ䣬Ҳظһ飺
ʵۣ
йԱ
ſڣҪ˵ʲô̫תĿ⵭ؿһۣƽȴŲɵвҲʮԸ⣬Ը߾ȫ¡

ſֱϣظ֮󣬼Ҫ˵ܾĻȴ̫ӵĵ֮˻ȥ
ãֻãȻ޴Ӧһǡǰɣ
ʵۣ
ʵȻмֳɡ漰¼ң漰ʮǰԩɲʲôСС֣ô飬ܽ
ƽﲻѧûɹʲô°
мԥȴ̫ӵ֮С̫ĿᶨҲ֪ǲǻʵ۵Ĵ·п˼ִߴ֮⣬ҲЩ鲻ԽͷӦ¡
ʵ۶˶񣬻ع룺̫Ӻʱˣ
ʵ۳˼ƽ̫أӦ⣬ƽȲŵ顣ǡ¾ͽɡ
ίίع½ּ
ˣҲ˼졣оԥӡ
Ϊ̫ӵķˣ֪̫ҪԸ¼ңѾʮֵľ裬ɺȻ˱Сʵھǡ²
Ī̫ʲôҩɣ
һ糯ɢȥæȥ׷ӡ
磬磬˵Żŵ˵ôͽˣǿǳ¼ңǿԥôܾͽˣ㲻Ը¼ˣ
ӲĿ죬Сܲ׷ϣͷţ׷Ҳ
ӵ㣬ȥôϻ
ɡҲᰡԴһȥ·磬㲻˵ˣҲͲˡ
һص˳
ļ򣬵ʲôҲ룬뵽ʲôʲôӼ׮ӵ֤ݣѾѼ˲٣Ȼ㽻㡣ͼǵãֻҪһͺá
ʲô
ԥͳ¼鷳
˼Ƭ̡
һĴȣ˵鷳ˣ
ô̫ĺģ̫˵ʲôʲôھǺаԵ첻µز£йԱøƵ
鷳˾Ǹ
ûǶһ죺ǰأ
һۣ㻹鰸
⻰̫еˣ
׼߸˵ˣĦȭƵؿʼĥԼݸԥ¼¡
˹ź󣬻ſԥ
ԥ̫ӿǻͷˣŽ½㡣
ʥָָֺּʥּʣ㿴ûУ֪ʲô˼𣿡
ԥһʱЩûŪףʲô
˼ǣҪȥҳ¼鷳ˡǻ㣬ѳ¼һǼ˱ĿЩҪȻԴغߺһǳԲ˶ߣ
ԥ 
˵գҲԥʲôӦԼú˳طԸ죬ظȥѱЩֽйȥ¼ҡ
һޣﳤȥ
ԥվԭأΣЦһϡ
ǵ˶֪ˣҳ¼ҵĲʹ졣
¼ҿɵǵ˴ùˡ
ʮȥ´Ѿȥˣĳ¼˴ҲѾˣʣµҲͣҪزӼһ֪ϸģлңʣµȻ֪£ҲĻ̡̻ƫƫǻ
¼ҵиۡʥּȥһȦЩָᣬޱȣοʥּڣ˭ҲҷֻԼз˸췭ظﳤȥֻ˵
ҵҵһʱ̱Ѷϣͱÿһ¼ҵĸۡÿѹȥÿһأһҲ£Ϊ⣬صطԼĴõıȸдƹ硣ЩլҲֹԼھÿһطѲʿڿ죬һ¼ҵˣҪ̲һŵĿģֻʵĳ¼˱֮ŶԸˡ
Щֹ
صھвһʾҶһھҲϡ˵¼һģ淢¼ĻµģֻҪó֤ݣֻҪģͳͳͣ
ǵİն֪ˣԭǾ˵ӼһЩ飬ʵ˳飬ڰǵУǵǳ´壬¼Ҷ˶ǵİߣҲעеĿʼΪͨ籨ţĳʱָ¼˵֮ء
˵¼ұңЩ֧ǣòҡ
ԥǰ֪ʲô߷ȻȥѰʡ
ʥּò⣺ǰ³̰£ʲôģȥһϡϷԸ鰸ȻҪȥ¼ҲҪȻҳ֤
ԥҧгݣǲ֪ҳʲô֤
ɫգЩ¼˿ɶʱʮ꣬صҼղС
˵ţͷʴ֣ոȥ˭ˣ
ִӻͳһֽԥһЩȥͷβ¼ҵլŵ룬ƾһȦ
˸ֺصвæأϻˡ
ԥ
ʥּԥһ취ҲûС
æµ̫ӿ˲١
İһûһûгⰸԥڲ飬ԥţҲûа취֡
ڻзڣԱ߼ලҲĶᱻԩ
ھܣ˴󲿷˵ע⣬¼˸ϾȥԥԸһᣬһ˿УĥųҶ衣
ҶΡ
ڲ¥ɫһЩĲɣҵУһڼͷ϶֪ġ
ʲôյضյһڣǶҲͷһسˣ֪ģҶ֪ˣ꿪ʱҪ޸ңʱҲ˳Ҳ͵͵ġ
ҶΣֻýӹݹıӡ
һڣʣҵʱܳ
ÿʲôʱܰѰӲˡӷ±յԥţϣҲвһ죬ǰȥпҶˣĵҲ
еӹ˵գҶҶ賣ȥҲݸߣҲûҵǻǽԼηҶҶĸĶ棬ÿ˵Ҷ¡ֻҶҶĸгȥ־˵ÿնͷǿ塣
ԥҪĲЩлģзڿţг¼ҵæңҲ붯ֽţɻţֵµҲĺãٰշתæֻܰס
Ҷ˵ʲô洫һ£
һ㶣̽ͷ⿴ȥͼһӰȺŻŵ˹ȥ˭ּһȺֻ𼱻ǵ׷ȥ
鰸أ޹ص˶
ŵһֱ׷˽ֽǣȰ׷ֱ֮Ӿ͵Χſ
Ҷ裺
ҶԴЩ⣺ӼôİӣΪҪ
кβã
Ҷ⿴һֹۣؿ
ƲЩʱգֵô󣬽ǰھϵݣȫǵİն֪ӼҰӵǰһ֤ݡ¼еĶ˵Ƥӵ£ֻҪӼһ¼ҵͻһҲԥ
ֻǡôգǴȴʲôҲûҳ
ֵԽԽãֵôˣԥٶ⣬Ҳ޷ճԶԶǱߣִ꣬ҡڵȥ¼ˣȺҲɢ˿ӼⰸȻǴ󣬿ɳ´Ѿȥ꣬ĳ¼඼Ѿִˣ˵Ҳֻǹؼˣûˡܶһʲô
Ҷ˶٣΢ϡ
롭
ӹ𴽽ǣԥһ£ҪҪЩ¼ҶûˣҲͲöЩ˼ˡ
ӽתñյ뱭ǵͼ룬װŵĵĵƵҶǰ
赭дصαأŴڣһֱ˽˾ǡ 
Ҷ΢΢۾á
ĬΣ𣬷ҧһ¡¥ΣζҲʮֲܺĿζ
Ҷ̵ؾ׽ţȥ
ھݣԭѾˣøһˡ
кЦȻ˵ͷҶ㡣


 126 

Ҷڲ¥ȹ˲ˮ, Թ˵, ڻƻʱӷֱ, ϼؼҡ
֪Ҷͻᷢ·ȥ̣Ҷһ, ϸãȻؼ֮, Ҷ˿֮ǰ, ̽˳
Žǰĺ, ҶٶĻҲ˵ˡ
εֽӽӹ, 򿪿һۣͷȻϲõʽ
ôѧЩҶ˽£̲ס˵˼䣺̫Ȼףɵ׻δɻ, Ҳټ档ɲҪ̫һ, ͳȥ, 㲻֪ξܾ, ˵
Ҷ˳ӦһҲ˵ӦӦ
ת𶨹, Ȼ̽Ҷ˵עתˡ
صԼ, Ҳ͵͵ӻͳһӡǷֱ֮ǰ̫ӸģҶͭǰգĲ, »ᱻҶƼ
ϹʱлЩƣΪ̫Ӷףȴ͵͵ģ涼Ҫ¥̫ҲǺαôԶ
ҶҲ벻ʲôȻҡҡԴǰʼĥھǵ
漰¼ң͵д

պǵ⡣
ھ˭ҲҲû˸ҵǰǰڿɲһˡǰУʲôǲѧǣɵĿɶ£նҪæأ 
磬ÿո߸˳ȥ߸˻ظһ롣
һգվһ𴲣һȻ˽·еľ˹
ĳһʳһ߳ԣһ߿𾩱
ǰ£ϸмĻ̲סΪյĹİоŷҳʼյķš
˵˳¼ҡ
ǵ˵˳¼ңҲ˵ȥˡЩǵȥҲûջٻҳ˲ٳ¼Ļ¡ϣ㽫⼸յĶдװףҲЩд
һҲˣ˫ž
дԼһϸϸ飬ӲѾ߹Լһ顣ѾߵģöҲĲС
ھô꣬ʱùЩޣ
Ȼδʲôҫ֮ԣҲδֿΪĽǶȣдʵ˵Щд˵Ѿǿޡ
⾩Ҫȫǵİնῴȫǵ˶Ҫ֪⼸պϽڸˣ
Ѿˣ˸˹ͷβһءЩʹƬࡣ
һĨ죬ѾҸһУ˰ҪŸˣ
̾ۼ󣬺ƺƵسȥˡ
¼˸ùţڷţ˻㱨ˡ
¼ɫһۣЩӣǶĥĲᡣ
ǳȥӭӣѾҡڵ˽¼̾һվɫҰܵȥӭӡ
¡
Ӧһһ֣Щɢ¼Ҹȥǰǰ
¼˻࿴һۣԴѾľҲδ˵ʲôҲȥԼ£ֻʣ³¼Ҽಽš
ڳ¼йأԳ¼ҵĲҲϤֱ鷿ȥ飬ҪĶضڲ鷿ҲʲôӦӦҲð
ȥ鷿ĴҲ࣬һʱЩѾ鷿˲١վſڣһʱҲ½ŵĵط
̾һ´ˣֽſǱ
¼Ҽ
һʰʲôãֻҪһվɱǿһ㣬ûһõط
˰֣´ˣҲڱǰƣøʲôʲôȥĲÿ󵽱ˡ
¼Ҽ 
ɫӲ׻йҪ죬ˡ
뿪֮ǰҲûǽԼĴӽԱ߶ôأҲδʲôҲԷһ
Ҳù˭Ա߶ԼĴǸһѸɾӣֱ£ؿŴǼ鷿ƻ
ˣԸü
¼ҵ鷿ûʲôСЩ飬һһЩȥűһص顣
¹Щۣˣ뿪ɡ
ۿˣҲߡ
Ӧһ׳վ˳һһҽ¹קסҲηֱӽ˴˳ȥſڣҲ˽
°ͣԼȥ
鷿ȥʲôҪһżܣ£ӵ£ͷһصʮεİ
һ
Ȼ
;ˡ
ӵôǽӷһǸĥַ鷿ҲûҵԿס
ʣүô죿
°͡
һӣָӵø
ӦţִŸͷ
¹Ӳ֪ͷʲôֻǰѸͷɫѾѿǸʲôҲҪǳ¼Ҳ˲ɣүȻǿ֮£
Ĵֶǳһ֣¼ҵǺľϣҲܲסŸͷƿʧǣͷȻǿյġ
Ҳǣÿ鷿Ѳһ飬ֻҪǸɵӣҲὫͷ
үô죿
ô죿ҪѾǱˣҪͻڳ¼ҡһӣѣѳ¼ȫһ飬һֻ϶ҪŹ
ԥõϢҴҸϵ¼ʱֻ¼ȫף԰һ飬ɫ¶棬ľһأ˶ϵ˿յϣֻĴÿȥ
ԥŭɶôʲô
һ̫ʦϣشһǷ
㿴ǰ¡
£ҿⱨ
ԥ⻰˵ľͲˣʥּ£˿֮ȻҪϸ飬Źκһط£ԥɱԩҡ˵գŴǺһҵʲôû
Ҳ֪ǲãȻһִӼɽ˳һʵǰү
ʱֱ塣
ֽӹŷģͷһ˱ۣҲͷʲô
˲ĶȻʲô˵Ķˣ
ϲɫԥƣⲻñҳˣ
ԥվЩ֣Ҳʲô
ϸңʲôطŹ˭Ҫҵʲôͣ
˱һ˰ߵĻᡣ

¼йأ˳յģЩʱձѾʮѹոǵùĲˡ
ŴֱӴǼͷŹÿһεĵطǻصĶҲ˸飬ԺҲӷһ飬ֻ޲ǾߡȻҳ˲ٶ
糾͵ذԼѳЩǰһʱҲü
һ˱˷ʣʲô
ʵصҲ֪ʲôȻǲĶӦҪĶɣ
ӣ
ѹûŵܵҳʲôڳ¼ңڰ͵͵Ѽ֤ݣѶǰһһ
޹ؽҪĶв٣мӷɫ
ϸ۲ɫ˺þûȵĻظԼȰ಻סʣЩûУ
㵹ѵðһ¡ӵЩȷǰҲæ
ʱţֱͦ塣
˸߲ҵʣҼȥˣ
Ӳÿɷֻץסѱ
֪Ұ£㻹𣿡
³س˹
ǵ񶼶Ķ˵Ӽҵİӣ·ЩҲǺĺܡЩ治ѣ¼һʲô紵ݶǵ˶֪ǰղ෹л˳¼ҳ¼Ҷ̡
ÿյĵ֮УǻİȲˡ
ԥӣɷҲǳصģԥм伸󵼣Ҳûϵ쵶նزǰ˶ף˷˳
գҶҶȥ 
ܴϾڼУȣϴ趼鷳ֻϳķţæܿķ˺ŮҪԼؼҡ
Ҷϻͷ˾վڴſڣѶͳġ
Ҷƣ˵һֱ𣿡
ֱɲһ˽ԹҶ˵ЩЦ˵ҲĲԡ귮˵ؾְ˭֪·Ҳ֪˭˵˻ȻֶǸƢҲǣô˱һֱûͺá

ǻصʱһңҲϴˣ¹ι㡣
Ҷæк˴ţԵ㣬ųһ
ô죬Ҷ˱໰Ҫ˵ò׵ˣûü˵ʲôͼ룬ߡ
Ҷæסʲôȥ
̫ң˵ЩҪҰæǹڳ¼ҵ£ڱȥˡ
ԥҲûƢһӵûء
ҶĿɿڴȴֻؿȥˡ
ҶһŶҶ̫ôôʱ򣿡
ҶڨڨЦЦҲ̫˵
ڽ¼ұھҪˡ
ÿչȥǵİ𽥿ʼʱֻ¼ңųϢְ˵ĺѲΪҲԽԽҳӼҰ޹ص顣
ӾʱˣŰлѼ֤ݶʵ˻ʵ۵ϡ
ʵ۹Ȼ
¼̫ĸ壬ַܣҲ̫¹ţֳԥҰڻʵ۵ǻǰҲû£ЩֻӼң˶ܹ¼ҵȺ
ʮ֤ۻʱӼҰӱֻѹ¼ҵһݶѡ
ٹٵ棬ʵּ˳¼ңժ˳¼ͷɴñԥҪȳ¼һҲ
̫ŭɶҲҪ¼һѣ֤ǰʲôҲ졣
ҲܶʲôھӰ֮£¼ҵĵ̨Ѿǳ¼ӹ˽٣Ǿǵİǵһͬ⡣
¼ҵİĻʱҶصھ¼һ棬úܽǰѳ¼ҵ֤¶ϰһǵĿɶ֮
ǰǷ߷߲ƽͬʱҲȫʶˣɶĳ¼ˣԥҡ
ԥò׻һӱһɶųҲһǧɡ
û˳¼ңԥԪˣһûԭҪԻֵĶҲͣǰ˺һӣӵ鷳
Ψ˴󹦣νǴ⡣ھǵĽϣǵİնҪһãʲô󹦵£ţĲˡ
ȹȥ¼˽ţҲˡ
Ҷþĺ£ڷҲָ˴ǰǸļҳ̣мӼڿƾٵ£ǿĽζ
һֱھصġ׺ԵҲڵ˽ʱ»Ҳھأ׺ϳɻ֮æſƾ٣¥Ҳƽ۵ü¥Ѱ˰׺µĻ˵ı󣬷ڲ¥˵Ҳ˲ٿ
ȻѾһأһ飬Ҳʮ־ʣǲʶֵİգ˵˵Ŀɱúˡ
֮תǷŰʱһء˵調˽ԪĿֶһЩдҲ˵ġ
ҶϾ˼Щ
ʱתʵ˷纮һʵ屾Ͳãɽȥ˿üն
ʵһ£ӾæŴ񣬺ϱѾܶ꣬ҲǼ죬ΪҪΪʵ̼ȴû˳Ҷʱ䣬ֆһЩ
ҶΣҲǵǣֻҲע塣
ֻǻʵۣҲˣ̫æϻʵۣҲʱȥةฮÿʱҪһأûлʵǰأȴò˵ĵĺܣҶƢ㶼ӣöͶ飬ʫʫ֪һء
̫ҽƣʺľϣʵ۵ĲˣȻǰǡϲ£ɫȴǲ
ԥҪ볤ǧɻ飬˼ҲҪԥˡ
ԥ飬ҶҲҪǰȥμӣգԥĻϼӡֻԶ˶ӣ̫ҲûֻǸԶԶؿһۣԷ϶ͬ壬ƿĿ⡣
Ҳμӻ硣
Ĳˣ־Ҷ͵͵˵պǷˡ
Ҷ˵ʲôֹصҲ˵׼
ϾԥԪˣ֪ԥպ᲻ء
ҶĲɵӦš
һߣӿŻʵ۸˵ģٿԥϵĴϲԶԶһҶ衣
а괺ǲ̫һЩ
ߣо˺ü
Ҫǣǣ

 127 

ԥһϲ°ļΪʢ, ǵ˶ⳡ֡
¼һ, ΪԥҪı۰, ԥҲҵͬʱĳҲʮ, Ů˼ױòٰնۡ 
ȻȥԺ, žĹŮҲա
ԥδ̨, ԥݵ׻, οԥ㿴أ˼, ɼ޵ȴǲòٹŮĽ
жȻҶġ
ԥ̫֮Ӳ֪Ķܵ˴̼Ҳǻʵ۲, Ȼ˿, ͵ĸƵ, ͷ, Ҷһȥ 
ҶȻӦˣȥ֮, 㱻Ҷ˲Ҷ˵üë, Ķ
Ҷ˿ĵȰ֪ϲ̫ӣǶ˻ûɻˣҲʡֻҪһ, ȵ꿪ˣǶ˳ɻ֮󣬱þͼãؾͼأѵ𣿡
Ҷ豻˵м졣˵Ҫȥ̫ӣ
̫ŴǰȥԼҶ˵ĿУôȲˣ
Ҷûа취ԹӦҶ⣬òܻصߣһ𣬽Űȥˣ㵹ڼңòã
ҶĻ˵ʲô
ڼҶ˶һյ顣˶Ƕ㲩ˣ¸̵ļ⣬ҲÿȤ
ȵĺϦͻصʱһŵˣײתŮڵע֮£ҶӲͷƤ𿪿ˣȼ䣬Ȼ̫Լ͸żֱԹĻ
ҶĬغš
ڶգŰ칫ҶҲȥŸ磬ֻҶһ˴ڼС
ǱһҪõ£һһ֮мƪһھݡЩܼҼҴҸС㣬˿ˡ
ˣҶͷҲ̧ﶼڣ˵һ»ˡ
ܼҹС㣬ġ
Ҷ̧ͷңļҵǧ𣿡
ܼҿ˿Ѿߵü˳Ŀվһԣѹ̫ӵ¡
Ҷ裺
Ҷ뵽ĳλ̫ӾõûȵԹˡʱ˺ͣҶ붨ڼң˭Ҳס
ҶȥͣĳɫӰʱлмԡ
̫˿ɻʣһҲûд
ôʲôԽ࣬мԽɣԽ˷еصֻһ˱㹻ˣѵҪ˭ɣ
ǵȻûеġ
ҶȻô󵨣Ҳ±ҵ֡
һʱҶ˻زյһ²£ѾȥˣҪȵ˲ܴӳҶˡҶ˲ǳŸȥˣ

ɫ糣ؽĴڱ͵͵ʲôֽŵ˲һ㡣
һˣҶֻ˻԰ҲûǷԸȥýոе˶װ֪̫Ҫģ֪
԰еĲľʼƣҶ䣬ݻƵҶһأÿڿҿҵɨвҶ紵¡Ļ԰ܴ󣬶˱СƵšǡýˣ紵Ҳ䡣
ӵԥ֮󣬿ɺǵ⣬ҳǰҪŴ棬ǿ
ԥ£Ҷ˼¼ûˣԥܸ˵¼ԥҰû˳¼ңԥ˵ϱһ㣬Ѳɣ˭͵͵ԥͶˣǣԥıʲôµҪݺµ£
ûС
Ҷ벻ˡ
֮УԥشӦǻᰲһʱգҲδɶԥ׷ʹ򣬲㴭|ϢĻᡣƽ̫͹УѾ͸¶˲٣ʱԥô˵
ĵʣѵǵҪݺԥԥȸƬ̣壿ڵʱԥһ򾡣
Ҳǡ
벻ˡ
ӽŲס΢΢ĿĳؿҶЩͣ½Ųعͷ
̫ӵԥ飬ϲռ֮һܲˣ

ζСһԥ¶ҪһͷȴΨϧΪ֣һ˵ԥ߲ˣ

̫ĳ̾һֻϧˣҲգȴꡣգҪչȥ꿪ˣ¡ѾٳֹһأҲʮˡ
ҶһתȥһԲͷǰߡ
ߵÿ죬һô󣬼㽫׷
¿̶ҲֲñˡҶ˵ջұԹӹ̫죬꿪Ҳ̫һЩҪٽҶء
أ
ʲô
Ȣһ£ԸֹҪҵԸġӵû𣿡
ҶȻͣ½Ų̧ͷ̫վĶ棬΢΢ͷһ۱СҶһһ½Լı΢죬һ仰Ҳ˵
۽ǵ͵͵һۣѾǶԶԶģҲδ
Ҷ΢΢ߣҲ̫ôˡ
ôߡӵ鰮ɼܲٿģҲҹǣ㡣Ҳԥһ󼵶ʼΪǰδ࿼Ƕڡ
ԭֻţлһأֻҪܹõҶ裬㡣ıͲĶֻǴǰ󲻵ãֻҪЩĶڵ֮|Ҳ֮͡
ֻ޲գ۱㵽գգ۱ܽҶȢ̫ûܺʱȨҲֻš
ֻǰ˵뷨ȴйĿڣҪһⶼ˵װףҶҲСơ
еĸΣҶЩмܲסæƿߣֻֻԥ飬⼸ձࡣÿжԵһһƽϹȥȫǶҪˡ
룺ֻ⼸ա
ϱ뵽ⱲӣѾӡ
ѵˣӲĽˣ

ԵŮŮǶףɶأҶ׽֮ҲСĿƣ̫㣬һҲܻ䣬ֻ޲ðĶڳһ飬Ҫǽ˼ˣһһȫ˵Űݡ
Ҷ費֪Ƿˣ̫ȴȷͶһ
ĸ¶̫ʵ¶ǣЩݡ
ӵ͵˵Ľġ
֪жٻĽ誣Ҳ벻ףΪԼѵöģȴƫƫϲǳޡļȷܲݣҲ޷Լĸ飬һʼעáΨʽУᣬпɬֻһ˳ĽҲ˵
Ҷ˿ڣͷȥһҲ˵ˡ
ͨͨģڷ֮䣬񷢾
΢ӣСһ¡ָȴҶ˸еĸйٶ˶ϣҶоֲδƿǶỺظԼĶȴӲΨֻйԼ״
δɻŮǵľٶֻǸһ¶ͷֺͷọ̈̄綬ԴԴɢС¯Ψнľ̿ȼˣԼ侲
ӺЦֻ֪Ը⣬ɺƴδϲ˲ܱʲôȢ֮ҲӦˣ㲻˵Ҳ֪׿˵һ˵
˵˵ʲôҶ򶨵ʡ
Ӧ֪ʲô

ӺȻ衣
Ҷһ٣㱸о˸ԼĻ¯һľ
ҶǷޣƺΪҶδ̫衣˵֪㡣
ҶŵҲҪƽ𡭡
˳ʲôұ㶼ҪǰеģҲСǰһϵӰӽӰӸǣ˿ĽԶԶȥǽӵ뻳Уһķıáģܸ࣬ӵеģҲҪࡣ
衣᣺Ҫ֪õġ
š
Ҷ费Žǰɫϵİƣûˡ
ţ
ʶ𣬱ֻһҶ解ɫŨңΪʯϳ˵ġͷһ˵˴󵨵Ļʮƶ㱾õġ
һ˲֮䣬ӵԴƬ̡
عϲûַҶļϣҪ˵ʲôȻһСѾ߻𼱻ǵ˹
۾һ߻ŻŵصС㣬ˣ˻ˣ
˻һڳɫ
ҶҲ˲ʲô߲ߵˣæ뿪
üͷ𣺡ҹǰݷãΪˣҲûвɡҶ˵͵ľˡ
ֻһˣôֽڣҶĲͬ⼸ն֪ǲ͵͵»رŶҪˡ
ֻõ뿪ˡ
ż˵аС㣬һѾ԰ˡ
Ҷ裺
Ҷ軷һȦԶļɽʱ۾һɽܴСһͨ
ͷȥҶ֮͵͵뿪Ѿ͸˷Ը˻˵ˡֻҪҵ﷢־ͺá
ֹؿۿҶ˾ҪֻܱƽǸɽͷɽͷһȷԲˣ˿ۣŲԶˡ
ӣ
ҶѵûǸ̫ӣ˻Լģ
˵ԼͣѵҶ˻ܸ˲ɣٲãܽ˵ԼйҪҶ֮£ôһҲ벻
лԼ֣ӱɽϼӲʯ飬ͷһؿʼԼǲϲ̨档
ˡ
ѾҶ׿ڱ⣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
ҶһظҶںδֱŻ԰
Ҷ첽߳ȥʱ򣬱ŭġ
ҶһЩΪԼСæСʣôˣղǳŸȥˣ
ɲ֪Ҷһץס֣ԹʵǲãѵȥμһᣬȻ˳ˡ˼ҵĹ޸ԥĲˣȴǰŻᡣ
ԭ̫޹أ˹˷ˡ
Ҷʱһæʣίˣ
ôأҶ˵ذ°ͣɻʲôίᣬҲͷһˣɻ׷ŹȻǽѵƿԣ˵
ǳˣй˷ڵĵطž;òˣԱֱӻˡ
ҶĿģߣһȥ
ţ
ǸͷģɼеĸȴƤǳ˼ҵѾͷ޸ԥǼϲ£ȴ˵飬ƾ˭ҵĹﶼȲҵġԽԽʹ죬Ҫ˵ģȻҶ˵ôãȴƽױһͨᣬһίĺܣﶨҪúò㡣
Ҷ裺
ûĻίںδˣ
ҶֻҪһŮŵɰˣҶҲƴǣֱӦˣæ뿪԰
һ߸Ҷ˵Ļһ͵͵Ѿʹɫ˵ͷʾԼ֪
СѾ߸ת㱻Ҷ˲Ҷæʣȥʲô
ͣסŲӲת
Ҷ費ɫصҷڻ԰ж飬黹ͤҽûȥշСı紵ˡ˽ҵϰߣ֪÷ġ
æͷūҪСźãϾ
ҶҲûж໳ɣŵЩϡ
Ҷ˵ֳ˻԰Ҷгһ
һߣСѾҲææܻص˼ɽ
̫ӵ£Գˡ
ӳĬعܿͷʯ飬˳
СѾһۣһµ壬̧Ҫߡ
æ˵СҪȥǵţᱻ˷ֵġ
ӣ
ĬƬ̣ĿسСѾ߿˹ȥ
֪ʧ񣬱Ǵŵӣū

ǣε·ɡ
ŷˡ
һ෴·ԱܿţҲܿҶҶ֮ᾭ·ߡһ˿صСǰͣ£ߡ

һۣû˵ʲô󷽷С˳ȥ
˵£ū澱ˡ
ȥɡޱصҪȻСõȼˡ
һ뵽ҶˣæСŹϣת˻ȥ
ӳһƫƧغһȦŵԼͣŵĵط
ϵ˲δʲôü˳Ŀɫ֮󣬱һޣʹķȥ
֮УָʶĦţ·ܴŵĹ̡
ܿģ뵽˱ȶɽ֮е衣
̫ӣ
ǼɽҪСš
̫ӣлԼ˳ߵȴֲܼ˵·
ܲԼδ̫»ػѧŴ̿һǽɣ
ߣ̫ӣҵأ

 128 

ҶȻյ˺һͨԹ
̫ӵӼ, ñ˼, ˵ȥ, ˵ҪЦԥ
Ҷ֪ȣƢаοһ˵˼û㽫ӵһԹû, ʣʱܱܹҶ, ܹԼᡣ
Ǳԥ̼һ, ԭ˵õĿ, ̫Ҳ˳Ϊ, ˵Ҷ裬ǶӦûа취дԥһɾĽö͵ϡ
˵Ҷ, Ҷ˶Ŀ
Ҳ̫Ķ, Щ㶼͵ҶԺ, ֻ̫, £ҶΪĸ, ҲΪ֮զ, ·Լ˹ȥǵ̫һͷ
ҿɶû󷽡
վһԣԵӡ
˭ļҵܱȻʼһࣿ˵̫Ӹ˳¼, в֪˶ٺôûУʱ˼еľλɸĸ˫լ䣬Թ˲ϾȲá
Ͷ֮⣬̫Ҳûʲôֵ飬ͬǰŶҶ˳ʱ͵͵ҲУʧ棬Ҷ˼أҲ㹻ˡ
񾩳ֵĻǿƾٵ飬ǹȥ֮Ҳʤ̭ܿеĺǷ⡣봺ǻһʱգһо˵ھ֮еĲ¥շתݺݳһͷ
ΪУҶľҲصдһƪ¡񾩱ѾֹģѾҪд룬еȥ죬ų課Щ£׼ǣŲֻһʱոȥ£֮дµļ۸Ҳ˲١Ҷ貢֪뷨ֱ˽³֪£ȹ󣬵ˡų誵ͷھȻȥ١
תϵҲ˲٣ʱǴڼȡůڽҹ䡣ҶҲЩҶҲڼв⶯
ǾҲóˡ
ԥ飬ʱҶҶĸг֮Ҷͷð˳
ҶȥһҶңҶҶĸ˵˴¡
þܹͻšÿݾֻҪ໨Ǯר԰Ѿţʡ˳򾩱һһ˷ѵʱ䡣
;Ҳ㣬ⲻʲôڵʳֻҪܹ֪ǵĵΣһȥҰͣҲĺܡǹ滮֮£լҲһǷࡣ
ŵӿҲ磬ͷһҹʱѾӡˢáӿǰ͵ſڣҲʡȥٹ
Ҷ轫˵ҶҶĸҶҶĸκģֻҲЩ˵õģ㶨ȻǺ£Ҫæ㾡ܿھǡ
Ҷĸæ˵¿ҲѾˡ
Ҷһ٣ˣ
æŰ̫ӶԸԥʱֻǰҶҶĸ˳Ͼ˼Ҳ֪жٱ仯֪ʲô¡
Ϊ¿˴ΣѾҶҴĴ˸Ǻ֪ҶҶĸΣҲȥˣΨֻᳶϹϵҲ֮˸ǲĲ¡ҶҶĸгڵˣǱԵѪԵѹˣȴԭ˵
ԭʲôţʲôƽϣҲûõʲôãҶ衣粽ãʲôҲˣɲ۱Ѿǰæˣ
ҶûʱҶҶĸҶҴ˳أ㳳˽ҶҴĴһʱҲҪʲô
Ҷĸҫһ㣬˵;£Խˡ
ҶƵ˵ͷ
ҶعݸǾͰеˣһῪʵļǮõԿġ
ʲôæôҪƽǮأҶĸæ˵ҺлвǮҪġ˵ˣ⾩Ҳһͣʱ򡣡
ôǼƽϣҪôˣӦõǮھӣҿɶǮ
Ҷĸ֪Ҷˣ˵˼׵ﶼƽϣҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ôֻҶһ˿Ͳ꣬Ҷ赱ȻҲֹҶһˣļǮ㹻ֻҪԾǵϤˣܿˡ;֮⣬Ҷƽﻹܼ¿ȥ׬ͷδȴǰٶ١
һڷеľ˵;¡˹򾩱˼ңҲ⼸Ǯ᲻ãļǮҲδ١ͬʱЩͱŵģҲһֳӵķʽһһһᣬһöܱ࣬һЩ
Щͱŵ˲ٳޣҶҹŮʱ˶ˣǷ˲١
ΨԹԵȥҶ衣
ͱţΪβ͵ȥԭǱ̫Ǳ̫򣬷ôˣȴšҶ˵ʲô
ҶϿҵصǲ֮˵Ҳûã̫˵ȥ

ⲻǲұԹ
ˣǰʱԼҲ⶯ڸտҲס磬˻ʹҲԼţԭã˶Աȣͱ͵ıˡ
ֻõܷ߱Ǹˣ
˵Ǿص¹¡ϻǺǻɾʣ׷ſ£ͰЩ
ҶҲʵ˵δдĹ£Ҳ֪
ֻú뿪 

˶̫Ҳˡ
ǰ̫ھУҲδٰ磬ҪǰĶһ㣬ͷųϢҪúòٰһء
Ҷ軹δޣҶ׼̫Ҷڿⷿҳһ䱦񣬰Ҳġ
μ磬ҪǰҶصغúôҶһζصģʧ˹ԡ
Ψŵ壬Ҷ֮£ɫҶ˲δ
̫ϵһģһأʲôҲû˵
μգҶ˴Ҷϣصضһ̫磬ȻҲҪԥ̧˼ҵѾͷ޸ԥԥ̫Ӳͣ˵ҪôһҲţֻ״ȥҳȥ
ҶͷҶ˲ǿ⣬ֻһ鷳Ҳͷ۲ѡ
Щ鷳ҲܲãҲֻܲӭϡ
ŸλûãһСŮǰѰҶ衣ö˵̫˹Ҷ豾֮뿪ȴҶۼֿס
Ҷĳص۾أһһǶУǴߣȥط
Ҷ裺
Ҷװû⣬ҲԹԸߣһӦǰķǡ
ǱߣӵûȵˣֻƲֵػȥˡ
ʺһɫЩΣ̫磬ڳɫ̫ƼˣҪѵ㡣
ҪķģҲͲҪҺɫһҪԥƣǰͲҲֲźá
û˳¼ңԥ̫󶼳˺óһʱ䣬ȥôã˵ǰ಻ס˳ʼ
뵽üĿЩ
ǰûʵ۴һǰΪԥȲҪڻʵۼݱǰ⵹λʥּдˣڡҶ֪֮дŵԼ֡
ĻλѾõֵĶζҲδֻ̰̫࣬ʵʱʩչȭšⱲҲ̫ҽƣʱѣûʵۻøЩϲϱӣʵҲһ
ʵӣٶҩҲֻǿţ̫ͷѾףȴãűȻʵۻҪ񣬻ܿɾڳ˲ƽ
һʺʣ̫磬׼ˣ
ڿⷿѰһ⣬
ʺԥǷһ򣬽ձҪ֮ϳͷһء
Σ赭д˵ڱǣǰ׷ѹ򡣡
ʺЦЦյһڣδ˵ʲô
ųеԽԽеƻͨ˶ˣ̫橶
̫ʱ߹֣˵Цģ߽ˣ˲ſǹԥ˼ˡ
Ҷ貢δע˼ʲôģйԶԶǱ߿һۣҲ֪Ƿ̫ӵĿϡҶɿƿߣü˳ĿҶߡ
ӹ˹ǣյҲ˲١
ŻʺٿԥʱҲûǰ㲻졣ҲԶԶԥƺڵʲôģͷ˼ջǷҶ˽¼档
ϯ̫һѵϲ󣬱㿪ʼϺ
Ҷ˲δ׼ʲôδ׼֮У޹޹̫ɫһ佱ĻҲδ˵
ֱԥʱŴ
ԥݺԥ˼׼һݣǹ˼
ĺװһľ֮Уһֻչ˲ſ壬ԭһͼ
ͼȫòӷ˲ٵɫֳ
Ǹͼܴ˼һСͬġ١ɵĴ١ֻ֣вͬһ۱ϳ˶֣򺱼δš
̫һʱǰһæŹ˼дģ
˼Цͼÿһֶдģصطĵ伮Ѱֵĸдĸɻкβͬ
̫ԣϸãȴҡҡͷпʲô壿
˼ЦֻĸһæõеĵƶϨˡ
һ˷׷תͷ
̫磬֪˶ٵƻ𣬻һ𣬲֪жʧ
̫дãȴûоܾæԸȥ
ֽܿ죬иһټ󹬵ܿ˺ڰ֮Сһȥʱ˵Ҳˡ
ȴϾ˼ЩǱĶ˹ȥ
ֻǸͼڵĵطһǹ֮ΨһһĵطǵĹһ١֣һƣǸͼںڰ֮з
˼֮ȣ۷׷סк̫ܿǲزסϲɫ
æʣģ
˼ҽҹɷĩīˮ֮УЩҹķĩīˮһдͼףĸ޽
˵գ̫ϲزסϲۣеⲻѡ
Ψɫ
ͼֹһΡ
һӣ˻ʵۣĻʺҲ̫ʱҶͼҹĩīУҲ⡣
ѶȲߣʤ˼ò˾̾ҲĸϲͬģҲģ£ͷ棬ԥ⣡
ɫѿֻŭ
ԥ͵͵ʫôͼ͵Ҷĸģȴ͵̫ǰŻ
ɫѿ˶̫ܿĿһɫϵϲɫһµ˲١
̫кβ
ԥҲ˹
սȭͷڳλУҲ˼֪ǰ˵Ҳ֪һԥдõǼΪѿ˹µ۾
˼ɫһ
ڳʶתͷȥϸһ˳
ԭΪͼĴ⾪̾дΣָ̫Ҳ޷ڳ˶ǳС֣дָзǣԥдôġʵټ
˼Ѿǿһʱ䣬ҲһһϦġдͼʱֻôࡣοô࣬ǵһؼҵ伮ʱ䣬ȫдѾ࣬һһÿԭȻδʲôָ̫ʱѿ
̫ɫҲ˲٣˼Сش̫Ψ⡣
ԥվΪͼѾ˼ΪТģŲ֣̫֮δ̫𡣡
̫ɫԻŹ˼֣ЦŰԥˣϲ
Ц
Тģα͵˵뷨͵ҲɷѿģǿΪˣ
ֿͼһֻۣһ۶öġҪƿĿʱȻע⵽ʲôص˻ϡ
Ҷ轫ͼ͸ĸ֮飬ܽÿһֶĬд˶֣ƧټеͼԱϡΪϳصط伮һһѰҹȥ
ӹһɫȻָͣͼЦԥֵĶԴҲϣǵˡ
ԥһʱûع˵ʲô
ԥѵϲҡͷ̾ҲԥªţѰϲҲǳ¡
㡭ԥҧͼʲôԵĵط
ȻС
վµС
ԥΨʲôֻڻǰָͣ㣬кü֣Щԥдˡ
˼ɫһףܣ 
ԥţ㽫Щ伮ҳһһԱȹȥ˵ĶԲԡЦЦؿԥһۣҲóҲͰˣ鶼Ĳԣ֮󣬸Ҳ飬Ϊ˻ĸԥ˲ġ
˵һ׷׻ͷ˶һۣĿ¶ȣȴҶԡ
Тģг˲ɾʹˣ
ָĶƧ֣ԥһɨȥҲʲôҧ̫ĪҪſں˵Щֶĵ伮ҳ̫˵ǾͲǣѵ̫ϵôֲɣ̫磬̫вʹ죬Ҳ̫¡
ԥǲţֻȥҵ伮Աȣ˵ĶԲԡ߻ԭλۣ£̬ʣǹ˵ˣԥú룬ĸմ٣񻹳˲ĸǸ
һ̫ɫҲѿ
ԥҪ˵ʲôȻȺзһ
˷׷תͷ˿ȥһλʷķˡ
ʷ˱ô˿ţҲЩڣǴŵ˵ˣϲãԥ˾˼֣ҶԾ˼Щоͼе֡ƺдһʡ
˻Ȼ
˼׻Ѫɫʧ


 129 

ʷ˵Ļһ, ȫ
˵ü˳, ǰ, ̧ͷ
̫磬֮£˭Ҳҳʲô, ƫƫԥˡ
һ֣д, ϳ, ֻһ, Ϊ˼ֻ̾д֣һдһҲ, ̫󲻱Ƚϣ㻹˵һءôдһʣ
һʣǲҪʾ̫٣տ̫磬͵Ŀ񰡣
˿ɲϵʲô˼, ̫˵, ʷж, һ۶Ҷ࿴, ȥ̫ɫ
˼̫ߣֻ֫, , Ѿڵء
̫󷽲Ż֣ȴ˿ɫ䡣˼ɫҰ, ЩҪȥ
ǿһصĸ
ЦһмֻζĸˣҲȥ伮˷ԥеˡտǻĸٳԥصһһʵͼҲ֪Ǻξģ
̫ӣԥѣ̫ԣ
ǱԥԽ̧̧͡°ͣĿɲǹ£ǻĸԥ˵ĸǺ⡣
ԥæ̫ĸлʲôᡣ
̫ɫ粻᣿
ԥ˹˼һۣ˼ҲعæͼÿһʶдЩҲҷĵ伮ƧϣǡԷ˿ˡ
λʷ˱ԣһᣬҲԼų嶯ķֻһСʷɵвԥ
ԥѾתͷȥҧʷ˵Է˿ɵȷ˼ѾʮټԷԶû壬ҲǼǴˡ֣ôһʣ
Էһ䣬æӦȷҼǴˡ
ʵΣڳжжϣֻҪһ߲͹ˡ
ԥת̫ӵ̫ҲǣǼǵòɵýУ̫磬ĸˣ̫δҲ̫ɨһЩ
ЦһҪ˵ʲôʺԶԶһۣŵԥǻȥúù̹ܽܽԥ෭伮ְɡ
࿴Ǹͼһۣô˳ۡ
˵дó󣬱ֵŲҲʮֽӲ˵ƴһ֣йоأеҲûУԶܼҶǰͼ
̫䵭صԥȥɡ
˼ɫҰףĸ
̫Įؿһۣʱù˼ʣµĻȫʻ˶ٶʣæ߻صԥȥΨ̫ϡֻ⼸·ߵ亹վȣҵ
˼ؿԥԥɫҲʮѿ
ɫ䵽ϣǴӺ˻ô
˼ԴӵҲû뵽
õ
ǷͼһҪ伮ҳ֣ҪһܳȥҪУɾͿĨĺۼһͼдأƽﻹ£Ǿƣͼһ֣д궼Ѿܲˣ̫ӵ۾ô⣬Ҳҵó
˼ҧҲȷǷ˴Ҷԥ˵ʲôС
Ҳǹ˼񳡺ϣҲǵԥɫ˰Σûз̧ͷٿ̫ʱϱѾ
ԥ֪ջĸٳ̫׼ʲô񣿡
ӲĻֱ˽õĺûģǴӿⷿõģ޹޹Ҳ޳֮
״ԥϵĵʢ˼֡
ֻǰһֶ̫˵ĸһݺҪ׸ĸ
˷ŵ£̫䵭Ѿû˷ŵ¡ԥ˵Ҳġҿ
ݺ񣬿Ҫĸߵһˡ
⣿
̫˹˼һۣ££ۣԥҪϨƣҪߵ⣬Ƕ˿ɵǻڡ
֪ĸɷۿĺ񡣡
̫һ棬վǵ̫ڳ˶ԥʲôӣ̫󶼶ˣʣµҲûлŵĵҲ׷ȥ
Ҷ貢޶£ʱһЩһ׺˶
֮⣬ǿĿյأأֻµĵǵâ
̫滷һȦʣԥҪҿʲô
ԥԵõĸҿ
Ļ£˷顱һ⻮ʣȻڵҹĻ֮ſɫ̻ͷѤͼתţ̻ʢŵ಻ҹĹյ硣
ڳ˶Ϊһ̻ȥĿ⣬׷ͷȥĿת
Ҷ񣬺Ȼо˭Լ֣һЩгæתͷȥӲ֪ʱѾվɫӳᣬʳָڴ߱һơ
ҶſڣԼľ˻ȥ
Щŵҿ˿˶ͷ̻𣬶̻ŵҲһ˹ȥ
Ҷ趯Ỻ
˴ڵſڣ˼֮⣬ܶصĵطΧվˣʱܻعͷС
̻ڣһ䣺£
Ӽſԣʣϲ
ҶĶˣҶԣֻҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ㲻öϲ̻Ưֻűʮָˡ
ȴ˼
˵Ҹ׼õġ
Ҷ䴽ҲúôˣԶҲ̫ױݣսһƣҲ֪ǷѤ̻ӳģᣬüʱͷ·ǶպĴʢš
һȴҲ࿴ִֻٽ֮У𣬴ҴһصȺ
Ҳǡã಻ϵ̻ʢͣˣ󼸶̻ƴˡ綫ٱɽ˸֣˷̫̾ҲĿ¶ϲá
һоϲ󣬿лŵζ˿Żмδ̻һ壬̫ɫҲ˲٣ϲɫ
תصС̫һ·ߣһ·ԥ޲ֹ
ԥˣɷԥ˼ɣ
ԥæǻĸϲЩ˼ҲӦõġ
仰̫ãѲŵ䵭
ͷЩ⣺磬㷽ǲǲˣ
治ɫص㿴ˡ
Щ󣬿ɻʳԥȻһ䣺֪ոĸ׼ô񣿡
;ˡ
̵׼˴õĶ
һ˺濴ҲĿ
֮æù˽Լ
Ҷº󣬻ҪŮ˵ʲôתͷ㿴ҶͨĶ䡣˶٣Щ⣺ôˣ
ûʲôҶеĶ򶨵سпȥĺˡ
ҶһתͷȥҶһŵͷȥɿģ̫һֽţչȻ̫ӵּ
дδʱ¥
Ҷ裺
ջδȥأѾյȥˣ
ּֽʲݣӦʱæд¡ҶԵؿ˰ΣֽֽػصС
һߣĺҲˡһ鲼ڸǣصģ쳤Դؽҿŷһɵ辰
ӿһЩЦ
̫ϷŻ̻Цһûˡ
͵ĺ񣿡ԥصһ辰ŪˣδҲ̫ĸϡ
δأ˵ȫˣûصǱĺ񣬲Ӧñ˵
ԥ˵ˣǿϷ˼
ĸơͦţܵ辰޼ɣȫ⣬ԢҲһ㣬Ҫףĸ꣬أ辰ڻĸ޹֮Уĸһܷŵĳãɲʲô̻գ۾ûˣÿǺÿסһٶãĸ˵ǲرĺã
ԥ
󣺡ΪĸĺԴȫҲҲõˡĸ˵ǲرÿ䣿
ӳ辰м죬ǰЩȥʱǼһ辰Ҳ֪ǲͬһ衣ǻŴȻţû¾ͲͷĹܼҡ
ջߣҲûв𴩡
̫ɣҲûж˵ʲôֻ̲ؿ䣬Щ
ͷֹұڹѡãڹ겻ôҾʹڹˡƺڹЩĸҪΪô죿
ӣ
ԥִŹ˼ȥ̫
ĸæ͵沢û˼Ϊ׼񣬲֪˶ٸϣеĵ伮ˣÿսϣ¸ϲٳТģؿɼһҲ١
˼̫ǰӣֱ̫ݡ
̫ǣǷͼڲԶʱжϲжӦǹ˼ԥ˴˹˼
̫̲ס룬ǳĹҲǸˣĹôͲôࣿ
ԸϣҲò˵ǰĹĶǧ𣬿ɱ˼ҵѾͷ̫ࡣƫƫٺҲǱ˼ҵģ
ǿôӦù˼ԥ
̫˱ۣŵȥɡ
ԥһϲĸ˼ǡ
̫ȥ£ѹسٱ顣Ҳͷһˣ޸㣬űԥ棬ÿɶԥ
˼ɫһףȴҲ˵ʲôæӦˡԥҲǸмæ˵˼û̫ɫƣŴŹ˼˳
˵ţɫų
ԥ첽ǰͷǵҪ˼Сܸܲϣүȵң
ԭȲ˵Ļ˵ˡ
ԥȻͣ½Ųع㲻뱾֤˵ǿڱϣԴûˣ
ڣֻйŵĵųԣֻԣ˼ҲɫһӵصҲû뵽
㡭ԥһֳ˳ûж˵ʲôתȥ󲽳ǰߡ
˼˵ʲôˣֻܻŵظĲֱ˹ţͬһ󣬲ӵغһ
ԥʣǰ飬ˣ
˼æүģѾ׼ˡ
ԥɫԻ
ɵüţһ¶ԥǳ˲۵ľǱҲǿ㣬Žν㡣
˼ίίӦһ
Դӳ¼ҵ̨֮ԥƢȴǰ˲٣Ҳûڴ֮ǰǰᡣ
ϸ룬ȴ£鲻Ҳпԭ
˼Ҳ벻ףΪԼһأԥˣԥȴûеõʲôôǳ¼ûˣҪ֪ϱӣ¼ҵĵ̨̫ȥ֮ԥһܡԥúõģ¼ȴûˡ
ҲûϵⱲӵԥг
˼Լ֪ԥϵܣɲֻǹغԥ

ڶգҶù֮󣬽ǾҪҶ˵һ͵͵¥Լ
δʱ׼ʱ̤¥֮УѾż֮еˡ
Ѿںò㣬θڡҶ΢΢Цһ£¡
ͳǸСֽţε̫֮ϣôôࡣ
ʲô취Ӹһ裺ܼʱֻЩǲץᣬһ涼šǸţҲһܳ
һڹڣһڹ⣬һֻܷô๤򣬼ɵײˣͬھǣһղҲ
䣬ҶȴǰţҶҲñȴǰˡ
ҶЦһ
żСһС죬յ˽ڽɫˣ̫ҲС紵Ҳ䡣֡
˵˼ҳлһûһ˵ŻƷŲ㣬żн洫ʮʡ
ʳ¯ľ
Ҷ䶯˶תͷ⿴ȥ
Щģ壬㽫СøһЩ΢΢̽ͷ⿴ȥ
ˡ
·ʱ̸ϸС̯һʮԡһ˱һֽӽ߹һݣһ߻һߺʮһݡ
Ҷס¶⡣
Ҳע⵽Ҷ迴ȥ⣿
ô᣿Ҷص񾩱Ѿ㹻죬Ҳڵֽ˵ˣǰճһݣ񻹲һڷеʱǵ뷨ûҲ֪
΢΢üͷԸȥһݻ
Ķܿ죬ȥûãһݡˡ
ŵǰһĴ˱ͬʱȻ
ǽоҶľǾǵľݡġȴǽӵĽ𣬳ˡ𱨡
ٿݡ
֮£ҲйٷͨһҳǾһλ֣£ڶҳҲһ£ǰȴҲһĻߣٿһģһķţ
Ǳⲻ֪ͬ飬ֻݣҶЩΪԼľˣ
ҶĬҳٶš𱨡֣ð˵
˭ģŵصȻҵľ
ߣ֮ǰһ죬Ҫȫڸϵˡ

 130 

Ҳǵһۡ, ڴ֮ǰ, ٷۡв, żҲᴫСһģһҲСھ﷢, Ҷ벻ɶС
㣬˵˶֪, ɾ󲿷־ǵİնѾ֪˵ݽ𱨲Ǳ, ô˵ҶҲš
֮, üͷ
ַһ飬浹ǲδ͸¶̫ࡣҶ轫֣´ͷβһ, ɫҲѿ
λ֣Ѿд£һھϿǡҶд˾£
ⲻ֪ӺζĽд
Ҷǲš˵δҪг¶ռΪе˼, ɼȻǸд, Ҳ֪, , ҲñӲǡҲǸдĸ磬֣Ļ᲻֪뾩ĸ, ĸǼ, ٵдˣд
ǵǱˣҲ޷ǿΪ
Ҷֻܵݽ𱨾˭ģ
Ҳÿ
ñҶһЩ, 뵽һɵ
ԥ
ԥǸӺǰ͵˲ҶĶ͵ʫ͵ͼЩҲûпܡ
ߣǰҶľæԥҪĵĴ㣬Чãⲻǡ
Ϊ棬ô󣬿ɸҵȴûȥԥĿ
̽ͷȥǸ𱨵ѾԶˣҲвžͷͳһݣ֮кüжš
ӵȥ顣
Ҷ룬ҡҡͷɵ»Լɡ 
ҲûлˣѪɲܾ㱻ߡ
Ҷݽ𱨣վȥһˣձҪȸˡ
ף֪нҲδֻǵ֮ԸȥһԥЩʲô
Ҷһ·˶УһӣʣһڵľȥӡˢûУ
ս͹ȥ
Ҷ賤һȥ֪һдʱӡˡ
д
֣³ˣڵľٵ֣ˡ
ˣƴ󾪣һʱȥд£ɾӡˡ
Ҷȥд
Ƶû˻
ֳɵֽʣҶбһʱдһƪ±עһǳɣΪһδԴǼ񣬱ʷͷŭ
д֮侲شͷβ˼飬ȷûвŽ½ƣھ͵ƪ
ֳһֽдһ̶̵ĸʾͬ˻ơ
ֽīδɣɨһݺҲǾȣҵ飬첽ӡ
ҶóǷݽ𱨣ָһ޵ӵݣȥЩӶ˭ҵĲҵ
õģС㡣
Ҳ첽˳ȥ
˶ˣҶһȥһһԸ֮侲
뵽˹˼
ҪһۡȴһϲӣϻɽѰֿ̼ɲҵҲΪաһ룬ֻǾ֮ĳС
ɵңҲҪЩ棬ϢͨЩģҲ֪飬ҲǴйڡ
˼ҲǵһسĶˡ
Ͼû֤ݣҲԩˡ
һֱؼΪֹҶɫЩÿ
Ҷ˼æʣôˣʲôίˣ˭Ҹɫ
Ҷ轫𱨵˵ҶԹȻŭǵģ˭֪ۺľŷҪѧŪһҲӦˣ
˵ٽ˭ģ
Ҷ軺ҡͷ񻹲֪˭
Ҷ˵ȥ
ѾɴȥӦʳҶ˵ҵľʱǸݼپҲ֪˶ãǰδ˵ͷһڣӣȻҲ뱳մ״ʵģȴ֪ˡ
ҶֻðסԼͷ
ȴˣСѾߵ׷ʲݡ
ǹ˼ҡ߷߲ƽصЩǳӣ
Ҷ˲Ȼŭ̫
Ӧԥ
ԥ
Ҷ侲ҲµûݼپӦԥֱʡ
˵˼ѾͷҶ˸̫ˣô
׼ʱô๤һҹҲһ̫ۡǰ׼
ҶŭȴҲ޿κΡۡһˣ˱ҲǼپϵ澩һģһҲͰˣƫƫһֻӦ
˵ǣԥѾֻǾ飬ǻ̫ˡ
Ѿھѣھк󣬾ǵ˱㶼֪ˡҶѾھǳնѾǻͷͣǳ˸µģһʱҲױ뾩ȣ޸ƣǮĸһЩıȾá
ɶʮǮѾҶ˼ǺļǮٽֻͣþⱾӣǵݣǾϸѡÿһڿǵݱ㶼Ǿͷ֮ŷȥҶѾáҲܱ˳ȥЩĵġ
ҶüͷҲ֪ݽ𱨡
Ҷ˰οٵ治ˣļٲˣˣѰҲȥǼپˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȴЩѿ

֮һھڷС
ͨһϣдˡֻһңӵĵַڶĳδ̫ĻЩ˴Ҵɨһ۾͹ȥˣҲвע⵽ˡ
֮УвǷݽ𱨣һ֪Щʲô
һݽ٣ֻ£ͨҲδֱ֪ǼٵԺ󣬱в˷߷߲ƽ𱨶ˡ
ͬģԥҲûпһýʢø֪˽ۡ
֪֮󣬷߷
ǹ˼ôɶ񣡡òˣ裬ɲ֪һյֱ֪̫Ϣأתͷ˵顣ǰʫҲͰˣôѧľ֡
һû춯صؿȵͨ죬Ƿŭ
۸Ҷ裬۸к
ô֪ģҶƣ˭˵ģ
裬㻹֪أ˵
ʱ뾩йŮǾۻᣬҲھۻ𾩱ҲˡԭҲûĸʾֱó֮󣬻û˵䣬˵֣¡
˵֣ء
Ҷھϻ`֣£淢ˣȴҶġȻˣҲδ˵ҶкβãĻǸ߸ˣĵ̲סҶֽ˲١
֣ҲǳдҲãûǣˣ
˱ó˽
ҪһЩȥ
˼ȻãŮȴҲƲϾԥвԥõ˼ҵĹ˼ߵĽ𱨱óġó˲˵پҲ˼䣬͸¶˹˼֮󣬻Ϊ˵˼仰
йŮ÷ţҲƲЩо֮Ҳδἰ𱨡ȴסˡ
ڽ𱨵ϢԽ࣬Խ
裬ɲ֪Щ˵ġظ˵ۡҲע⣬ûˣ˾Ͳģ뾩һҲһһҲûСôҪۡȷͷһݣ⾩ȴͷһѽд£ддţҲд»ţ˵ǲһ
ķŭ˼ҶѾ侲
Сӣֵúȿҩ
ᶼҪˣӣԼĨ۽ǣ˵ѧ˾ôһԼҲûУ͵Ķǰ͵ʫ͵ľôһҲ֪ߡ
ֻҶʵ̫ˣֻҪһ룬۾鲻ԽʪģЩҪ
Ҷεͳӣᡣ
вˣҲ֪ڰ׵ġ֪ǼٵģҲȥ٣ĽҲάֲ˶á
ģҪ÷ȥҲãҲãҲãһҲȱ١һҲûˡ
ҭҭӦˡ

һߣ˼ȴǵĲˡ
Ȼ㣬ɻ˻㱨𱨵顣
һڵĽĲãҲԤ֮и࣬ԥ˽𱨵Ϣɢȥ֮󣬵ڶڵĽ𱨾ĸˡ
ҶľȫǶԭС˲٣ù˼ۺĺܡ֮Щ㶼ˡ
뵽ˣ˼ˡ
˱һʱЩ˲ˡ
ҪһۡͶʵǲСӡˢĳɱ󣬻ҲҪҲҪǮΪ֣д£˱Ҷ軹ҪߵļǮһһͳȥģȫģǰȻԥģ˼ȴһҲ˲
Ҫǽ𱨾ӪĺãպĲҵӣĶĿڴԥ˵ˣԺ󻹵ԸӯҪӣɾͲ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪ھհʱҶҲȥ١
ʮʵ̫ͣȥôݽ𱨣ȴдµĳɱҲղù˼ż
ţ㱨
ܾˣ˵ԶҲд¡
˼ʱʲô
ֻǶܾˡ

˼ҧҧصشЩ˸տʼܾҶ֮⣬ҪھдˣǶ̬ȡֻܽʣǻ˭Ӧˣ
˵˼֡һЩҲвͬģҲʨӿڣҪһ͵ļ۸
˼̲סгɶôߵļǮ
Ǽλ˵뾩һļǮǱȥдˣ˵Ľ𱨡˶˶٣һӵ˰أ˵ǽЩãд£ҲǸٴۡ
顱һ˼صһӣյĲˮҲ˳
˼ް취
ʣүأүݣѵûд£
УСصү˵ҪؼλҲøӡ
˼ɫѿȴҲûа취ֻ۵Ӧ
һȥд£æʼѡŽԼӡ
ڳ˶ʮǮ֮⣬ӪǸЩӴ棬׬ȡǮҲҺãҶľϸôһǮĺûᡣ
ҲһЩ㲻ȥңǮ١Щɾ֮ӣ׷ãҲǴű˼Щ֮оϸѡѡ˼ǮߵǼ˿һڵĽϡ
ڷţҲԿˣֻȥѼĿдúϾǡ
ˣһݽ𱨱ˡ
ֻǲ֪ʱӡ

շһڣ𱨴ѧҲˡ
һڽ𱨷ʱҶҲ
ͷβϸһ
λ¿ϣҲܲţʣҲ˵㣬Ǽ٣Ҳһʱ޷ϡ
ֻǽǰ޳ܣҲѧŷһʾԴ֮У뾩Ʋ˹ϵȴֶԼԵòѣﰵ˾һֽԼ̧ø߸ߵģд˺ü޵ĴʡҪ֪ǲǸһݡ
ɰҶùǺ
ʾͷβһ֮ĿǼӵϡ
֮ҶȻü
Ѵйʣ֮ǰǲҲһϰ뾩ӣ
ϰ壿Ŭһȴ벻
ҶȴԼˡ
Ϊ˾ЩžԼӣȵһλϰ忪һʳ̣ʱԼ˵컨׹ҲԸʮָߵļǮҶ֮ȴǾܾˡ
ֻʳẠ̊́ǵھˣȥиʲôô˰գҲðնԾϵĻɡҪǹ׼ȷһ֣Ҳ֣ǣӵĻҲǡ
ʳ̵ھϣֻڷ֮С
ȴ˽ϡ
Ҷ贽ǹ𣺡ⲻϸѱˣ
̵ϻҲһּʳ̣ɻҳҪд¡
ӦһæȥҡҶֽ̿ĥī󣬴Ҳǰĵ֮˼һд
տķţ˶дĶ½ֵҲߡ
ǰĶ˵ĶˣһأǻԼصݡ
ĳһݣд˾һʳ̣˻δ˵ʳ֣ȴĶ½¶ĸɸɾϰĶ£ʳͷĺ¡
ɲ˰
ʳô࣬٣ҲԳԹĳһң˵׼ǹ˹ʳأ
մ󾪣̿ʼݵĺʳһҡ


 131 

ǰܹЩдĵںδ, ܲ鵽ɶʳںδ
ܿ˲鵽ּʳ̵ϡ
ּʳھɲС, пһ, Ҳһңƽ˿ӯţᾭɽ֮, ⼸յȴǰ˲٣˷ʱ, мһλҲ
ּǵʳ̻, ǵǽ, ǿڶഫ֮䣬Ҳụ, ˾İ֮УҲвǳġ
ɾͱˣ
ʳ̵ĺȻܽȥƵģǻ飬ֱӱ˹, Ķ֮вгеĹٱ, ƽЩƽ, һӵձ, 𼱻ǵشȥʳ̡ǻ磬˲, һȺ˴˽, ֱźȥ
ּʳ̵ϰҲδ뵽һо𴩣ϵʱҲ뵽Լ, ֱٱʱһжڣչ¶˵ǰ
ʳ̵ĺ˲ʳģ࿴ŶѾʣ鷢ڣϺЩʳȴɳӷзּʳ̵Ŀζأ㹻ϣвõζڸǣʱɫζȫ˭Ҳûз
ٱȻʳط¿Ӵȿ֮󣬺ܿתŻҪճµĶ³Ҳ׷׿飬ҪǮ
ϰͷ󺹣ŭˤк಻ɻȥЩʳͣٱĶһЩץٸȥ
Ĺּʳ̵㴫ǡ
ǵİ߲һҺĵʳ̣׷ŭֹʮָмȻǲһʳ̣ôԺõЩ
һʱ侩˲١
ͬʱҲ˿ʼֹ
ּʳ̣ǲЩ죿
Ķ
ˣǽ𱨣Ǹ𱨣Ƽּʳ̣ұǿ˽𱨺󣬲ȥǼʳﳢġ
һиע⵽
ȥ˳Ȼ濴ּʳ̵ݣּʳ֮⣬вӡּʳ̵ĽѵǰͷٿӣҲ˼ֻɡ
˿ȥ飬ȻһЩ
Ȼûּʳôɶ񣬿֮УҲмЩ˴ŵС⡣ⲻƽҲһЦȴһ
ּʳ̵ĽѵǰͷһʱҲ𱨵ƼȥЩӡͷģᱻסּʳ̵˵
ǶԾΪŷҲƼӣȥ֮󣬷ЩЩȷǲö֮ʱҲĻɽȴһ𱨾ȻǶһӺյӴ
ּʳ̶ܿĳڣ޵Ļ˵жˮݣ˭֪ǲû˷ءⶼҪ˵ٻ˭֪Ǽ٣
ȻǾð
˼ڸһڽϸӣЩ˵ļǮ÷ֻ޲ȫϡѡţȻһ˼ææ˽
ˣ
˼̧ͷʲôˣ
Щӵƹ˵˵ǲҪڽˣ͵ǰǰѾߵԽԽͣ͵ǰû
ʲô˼ʱЩôԶţ
Ѿ߲ҷֻСؽͷ˵ˡ
ּʳ̵飬ұ㶼ãǽӲáЩƹ»ӵ㡭Ѿ߲˵ˡ
˼ŭ𣺡ǾҶΪδҹȥ
ڽּʳ̣Ҷھ˵ּʳ̵ĲãЩƹܾصȥʲô
Ѿ߲ҿ¶ǽ¶ˣͷȴּʳ̣ͷʱһ仰Ҳûжء
˼ʣЩҪڽϣ
Ѿ߱æ˵˼
ЩӿļǮҲߣ˼Щ𱨵ҲпԭǿӦ
ּʳ̵Ӱȴױȥġ
ǶЩǷ߷߲ƽּ֪ǵĿɶ֮ΪԼҲǱһԱҲעŰĽչڴ˰ʮֿ죬ּ֪ʳ̹ţϰҲݺݴԺ󣬰㡣ʱһڵĽַˡ
ּǵನδȥк߱𱨣ӾǺǻ
أӲκ⣬Ǻ֮󣬲źȻɢ
ûȥգڹٸǰԩ״𱨡
ǲŸշµĺһֱһӿ˹ٸſڡ
𱨺վŵԥѰԥӲӲɽ״𱨵ȴǵʮ㡣ӿٸſں󣬲ŷҲڳ
ǰץ¼˵ʱ˲ٰյĺøУʣΪڴ˴
ȻǸճģ°ͣߵꡪǴ˴Ҫ״𱨵ˡĳ˵Ȳƽ£ȻҪΪճͷˣ
λ˭ķԸԼҪġ
֪֮ͷҲʹ죬УԼķ֮¡ҲܶʲôֻܻضŽ𱨵Ĵǰͷּʳ̸УǽϿǹݣȥһ顣
ԥҲóȻжصȥʾ̫ӵҲҺãһ
ͳϡ
ֱ𱨵ƹҴҸ˲ǰ
ԭȣڽǰصķ֮У˵˹ļ¡˵ĴĲƽ£࣬ҲϰΪʱʱҪΪһءҲѧ˹ȥȴδ
˵ȥ꣬Ϊȥֻʣ¹¶ĸΪɼеĸ岮ȴʮ飬ǵҪռǰլӣҪǿнĹĸ޸һþƺöĵֻʮӣǣΪ˵Ñû׼ȥѧö飬ȴֽǿø岮ҵĵܵܣо˵Ҳ˵꣬ȴ·˷߷߲ƽ
Щ飬˽ϣȴ岮ĸռ˲ǿĵĲТϵһЩ·ˣܵļжָָ㣬𱨵ӰҲ࣬Ҳܲˣصصٸ״
֮ϲ
˵ǰѾ߸ͦţߵصȲƽ飬ܿŲܣȻҪһǽ𱨶Ǹ
Χ۵İȺ鼤׷Ӧ͡
žһ£ľһãӱ㿪ˣ

ҶڸУҲ˵˴¡
ּʳҷɽдǵ治֪תʱҲ²
ڳٸҲҵ£ԥԥȻ㽫ƹ˹Ž𱨡ɹ۲ȥϼҴͬĴҲ֪ҷ飬ѧǱҲͷʾȷ¡
Ϊ˷ֹ©Ǹ˹
ǱҲæһ״ʦΪԼ粵
ھǰյۼ֤֮£岮ĸĻԭҲȥѼţдݵ岮ʶֻںȾʱ˵˼䣬ÿԷŽ֮Уصǰ˵ȻͼӴףԼ˵˺ô𱨵Ҳδȷϣͷ㽫д£ȥҲ˳
Χ߷׷׳档
ôڣɴδ©ǶΪĲƽ³üصͷˣɴδйĸǱԩ
˰оǰӰյĿд˿
֪дǼ£ǻӣ𱨵ͲãһǧɣԭȻһЩ˽𱨵ģ׷׶
ʮǮҲǮҲǴģ˼вԣֻżǮǲ汾˵ͨ˵Ĺ£ҲͰˣΪ֮ʵзŭһأͷϢǼٵģǻǮðһأʲô 
Ҳ˶£˶ŵģҲ˽ˡ
ǰҶ賤̾һϵҲ̫ϲɫѧȥѧȥҪʲôҲףѧҲһЩ
С⾩С࣬ԥѧѧߵģûСأ
ҶҡҡͷҲͲ˵ˡ

˼ôҲ벻ô
ּʳ̵ҲͰˣôЩŶ˴
ƽ￴ʱֻĻȴǲԸ⿴ģЩ˵Ķͨ˵飬ҶҴ峤ʮ֪꣬ԼǺǧ֮󣬱ѾٺЩƽƽҲûȤЩΪǮƽϵüɹ顣
˵ˣǼ٣⾩ҲǿҶľдô£ôȷûһ˿ˣôֵôĽ𱨣
չ˼ȻҶһĽҲ˭ԥ˲˼ôҶأ
ƹ˰ӣҪ󣬹˼òͳǸǮǮֻ̫࣬һǮ𱨻ûӣӣù˼ǲƽ
𱨺ܿµһڡ
˼ϵģڽ𱨵Ȼȼ٣ǰĸ˵ǻտʼʱ
ĲҲͰˣȥдµЩҲ˵ʲôԸӦЩ˶ܾΨһϴӦģ󣬻ȵ
ûЩ
˼ֻӲͷƤԥæ˴ǮȥڻһˣֱӽҲ½Ӳϡ
ɳ˼ϵģȵһڽ𱨷ʱı֮ǰˣ
ĽѾˣ˼ܵ˾ſȥգſ·˱㶼ͳǮٿſڣصؽѡĵطȴſȸðȥһݡ
һ¹Ŀۣһӣӵ𶼲أ
ǵ벻ףԥҲǲȻŭ
½㣬㲻뱾֤ˣԥ˱ˤǰôӲ˵㱣֤ҪǰѾæ㵹ãھ𱨿ȴǻ
˼ҷصүٸһʱա
ٹһʱգԥ˽ȥԥŭɶ̫һִ˾ǵİնĻǰ̫ôࡣǳģǶôͲôࣿ
˼ҪͣȴҲ˵ʲôĻ
˱дԴӽ𱨿δӯԭԥ˵պΪĲҵһֱƽתĻѣһһȫӣЩͿ˽
ԥݺݵһۣҪʲô׻ʲôҲû˵
úô֮зʡٸˣ˦뿪˼æ˴ȥ˵ȥ˺Ժһǣиί
ԥ֮ΪԼܵõԥ裬ԥԺļô࣬ԥķָôˣԥͷڣɳ֮⣬Ĵȴϱԥʱδ̫
Ҷ衣
ԥ
Ϊʲôأ
ѾûԼݣԼĵⱲѾϱӵǸũŮҶ飬ҲˣҶһģΪҶܵõôȴʲôҲûУ

ھϢʧˡ
ǼҲĹţ֮ǰӰҲûˡ
֪ʧԺҶ豾ȥҹ˼š˼ĶһأΪˣصȥ˼ϯɹ˼ȴûЩϯϣ˵֪˼Щʱʮֵ͵ƽֶδգһֱԥûг
ҲˣҶҲͲǿˡ
չȥ֮󣬺ܿ㵽꣬صҶ֮ĵһ꣬ҶʮӣҶҲˡ
ǰÿһ꣬˶ҪŲ֪ںδ֪Ƿ񻹻ŵŮ˼ؼһ֣ȴ壬ȴһǵŮֻһˣˡ
֮ǰҶ˱˽ʰɾֵĵִϣһӣֱӸ˷˷ĹǮҶȥ˺üѣ˺üͷ棬ǻ޴йֱ˳Ϧǰգ߸˵ġ
λȨأϦջҪμӹ磬ڸСҶһ䣬Ҷ˱ǰҶҶĸ뵽˸Уһ֡
ҶҶĸ뵽٣ҲصػѣнĺܣҲǲزסϲɫ
ס˳ͷҶҴƲԶ˹ϵΪҪĹصȥ˺ü⣬뵽Լ
ͷ׾ݣҲ׼̫õģֻһЩʱͳĸɹģһӼڶ˽Щ
˷ʢҶĸ⣬Ⱦ㷹һ䣺ȹ꣬˴ǲҲóˣ
Ҷ趯һ٣ڿתһȦŵҲ䵽С
Ҷ侲صԵ㡣
˵Ҷĸˡ
⼸գʹ볯öΪڶæµ˶æýŲմأƫƫĳ˻Ź
ÿͷҪһ䣬꿪Ҫɻ飬Ҫ޸̫ӣ֮лżִߴ١
Ҷͷơ
̫Īæͷˣ´ʲôã
ѵܴүʱÿЩճɻ
ߣкö׼ÿң

 132 

Ϧ, ʹٰ칬, 빬μӹ, ֻʣҶҶ衣
ڽҶҶĸţޱȡҶˣǰÿϦ, ֻʣһˣҪ۵һ, ܵȵҲֹ, Ҳ˵˶õĻ, ҪҴҳȥμӳᡣ
ʱ˼ж, ж塣
ڽˣŮߣҶ˱˵Ĳˡ
£Ѷ˽صľư˳, Լ͵˼, Ҷ˲ʤ, ȵͨ, ҶϣҶҶĸ˵ҰȤ¡
Ҷ, ȻҶһ䡣
, 治޳ȥ
Ҷһ㶣΢΢ͷҶҶˤ, ֻȥҶ΢΢۾˯ˡ
һҪ꣬ôô˯ţ˯ãҲ˵λ
ȻλǱǾƺˡ
ҶݸֽҶ˱סǵز˲䣬СߵǳˣҲŮ
Ҷ˺ƱһЩɫ滺٣ûãԹ̫Ǹˡ

Ҷ΢΢̧ۣҶҶĸԼʲô
̫ӣЩƽ˵ɶҪԴˣ
Ҷׯһڶǰ¶ģҶҶĸϻ̳Ͽֲ֣Ҷ࿴Żŵƿߣֻ޲ס䣬ԼʲôҲû
Ҷ費ʧЦǿɻƾţһɡ
ܻ᲻ᣬ˶æӦȳӺ󣬲ųһ
ˣҶ˱Խֱ֪壬˵̫ӵĻұ㲻ôӦصҲûһأòװλûпأȿ˴֮ƽ͸Ѽôϵ̫ӣôɶôƫƫ㣿
ҶЦã䣬ŽҶ˺ƽ
вһѺ룺֪ƽǷҲ˵ġ
꿪̫һЩҶüͷ壬ƺ˼ʲô
ҶһæѾӶĲˡ
ԣҶ˵̾һʧ
С
깬ƻͨŵ̺ڸڵ룬캮ضſţʱ紵˾һ֣ȾůҲú䡣
ｻ輧ʦڳգһС˵ŻʱлЦ𣬼ԥҲû˭һڵľ
ͬ˵ŻԱ߹˶Ϸʳʱǰһֽš

̧ͷȥԶƺ̫ԶԶߣֽ˭£ȻҲԶ
ɫ΢ֽż
ӸҪһתȥ̧һӣֽڿл벻Զ֮Уգ۱ɿΪҽ
ӣ
ԱͬЩûӦҶˣ
侲ضƱһڣȾǣҲͷ𡣡ûʲô
ǵˣҲһӻ
̶̫ʱôû뵽һȥ죿
ǳϦȽҹһ㵽£µˣҲˡ
빬̫㾡̫ӵ⣬ЩʱգֻҪһ뵽˻ڽô˳˺ôһ̫ӲԶЩҲͰˣ۲ΪôҪǰգ
ʲôֽ
˵ǰ˲μӹʱֶ̫οɶ˲ٻأ
ҲŮᣬʶ٣ױкƭʱ֪뷽跨˴ֽô򿪶֪ͷʲô޷ǱҪӻ˵ٳûֺҶ衣
ţֶһ̲ȣһµֽ䵽ǰ

Ŀ⾼ؿȥ߽Ķһգ۱ʲôԶԶģ̧ͷԼһֽۣţԶ֮С
ӣ
˽ҪԸȥ͵̵ģȴʺνס̫ӡ
ֻܰݡ
Щ޷޲ƽԴһؼҶ裬ѾȥʱգҶţҶȴһҲûлأһԹ̫£ֽ˵Լæ֮Ҳ
æ
æʲô
ҶֵҲֻһӣ׵ˣҲҪܽᣬҲһŵʱҲղ̫ӣô๫һÿдŹȥ˻㱨ǰգҶ軹Ҷһȥ֬أ
⻹δףѵͿʼˣ
Ӳ˼ԼƺҲûᡣ
ҲҺù꣬ϱǴ죬ÿڶӣǱѾ׼ȫֻӵˡ
ţ̲ס˶Ǳһۡӿ쵽ˣۼҶˣڶ롣Ҷ費ţֻ˰Ŵߴߡ
磬ͱˡ̲ס͵͵㿴ٶٱ飬ǱߣܣԴתҶˡ˵ˣȵҶҪ޸ˣҶ֪㻹ҪԼȥ˵ˣٴ㣬ܣҿɲ㡣
һۣ㶮ʲôûУ׹µ飿

ûĴ
ʺγˣ˶أǶǳ˿Ц
Ǿǡ
̫ӣ
ȵȥ룬ٹԱȵģžƱʫԣʵҲƽϣʱ仰ԱҲʼ߶ʣߵλҲ 
ԥǿһۣԥ˹ԱЩԱ̸һã㣬ԵĹԱҲӽ
һְѹ˽й͹ȥ˵ֽš
߻һܵڶੲݵ߶Ĳɵţѹûע˵ʲôֻʱӦһʾԼ֪ˡؿŵֽҲڿл͵شڸߣֽƽϢ
ȻҾһͻʳ˹ȥ룡磬ɲֻ֪жʵȻֱҵϣȻ֡˵𣬺Ȼǰһȥ̫ѾҴ˺ȥ
æеһû˵أ
ͷҲأҸȥ
⡭ðɡͷ
ʵ岻ãƽЪ磬ɽձڵϲָȾɫȴǾȣչʱֺǺǵġ
²صʣҸ㽲Ҷж¡
ʵ۸˵صһƣ˵
ʱ£ͷʼ½ʵŻЦеģԽԽЩԾȵȡжôһֻ
ȻֻһֻץжȻ˵
ʵۣ
ʵ۵ɫ˱䣬ǹ˼ŽճϦȺѵҲã
ʣ̫أ
ŻأҲˡתͷп˿ԶԶָӵ㿴Ƕء
̫ȥҶˡ
ֽãȥˣܲܽҲȥ
ҶˡǰվҶΪβ£ 
治ɫص΢ǽյһؼ̫ӣ
ӣ
ֻܵҶ˰æ

ֵҶô
бһۣأƣ
΢΢üͷЩѣ̬ȣҲֱ׳˭ҪȢ˼ҵŮ˵˶ܼҶ裬룬ֵҶˣ̫ӣҶѵµĻˣ

аһò¾Ʊʣ֪̫ӵҪ΢ʲôæ
⡣
ӻͳһţݵ˶ǰͷҶ˽ŽҶ

ʮֲԸӣɰ̫ݣоΣȴֻܽ˹
Ŵ뻳Уһ룺ǽνȴһ˵ڽ֮Σһ֡
ֵͷҶ˽ŽҶ֮󣬹ձȥȥջš

ҧٲģɰ̫ӵݣȴֻܲĵ¡
ȥ֮ҪŮ˵
պҪٴ̫ˣ

ȵҹȥһŨ裬Ҷ˲ų׵ľˡ
ԼŮǰ˵ô౧ԹĻʵ̫ʧأҶЩ˼ǰ˵ڵģҲ䶼Ļ
Ҳ̫кβãκˣ˵ⷬԹ
ڻҶҶĸ˳ȥһ˻ΧһŻֱ߷Ũģֿʼ˵ƽ﷢Ȥ¡
ҶҶ˵ĸŴ﷢飬ҶҶĸۣ˵ҰȤҲҶҶʮֺ棬һһģϺܿȥ
ֱӹŽ˵黰µһܿ㵽ˡ
Ҷ׼˴͵Ľӣȸ˷һǮҶҶĸ͵͵ҶһߣҲһǮ
ҶһæҪƾܣǸʲô
ŰɡҶĸЦеص㻹δޣǼСŮþҪѹǮġƽҲûʲôõóֵģͷȻ࣬ͼ飬űǡˣɾղ
ҶƬ̣ûж˵ʲôǮͷƺǲٵӡҶҶĸͷǮ࣬ҪóЩҲס
Ҷĸĵй׼ЩҲòʲôţǾһŮһҲôһأܹҪһױ
ҶĬĬ˻С
ˣҶĸӸˣЦЦţȴ鲻ԽҶ֣Լ̬ⷬҶļʳ
һŮĽ󣬵ޡŮȻûˣȴҲܵóԸܵΪĸϲá䲻ŮڳϦʱһģʲôأ
ڴʱҲҲͬܣҶһ뷨Ů߶һЩʱöá
֮ǰŽ磬صС
Ҷˣʱһ
һδ꣬һűݵǰ
ŷҲûдʲôҶЩ̧ͷ
ɫǲÿҲ֪ǲǰһҹĹϵ̫Ӹġ
Ҷ裺
ҿ뻳УҲҵ򿪣ֻͷԹһƽҲͰˣôˣ
̫ҲӺ
ǱһϣŻȵģ׵ŭ
̫ӻ˵ջ˹ջš

㲻򿪿дʲôɱʱˣĻҲûдá
ҶĲˣæҹЩʱٿ
Ȼ̫Ӹģɴڱ㿴ˣҶ˺Ȼ죺ҵҲ֪ģ̫ӻܳʲôĪҪż˰ɣ
Ҷһ
㵱ǸϹӣʲôҲûвɣҶû˵Ҳǵһ͵͵ȥˣƽ̫һŹ뷽跨ҽܳȥﶼء

ҶƱԹ˵ⶼûʣʱˣ̫ôʱ䶼ȲӶˣѵ˭Ųɣ
Ȼ˵ĲԼҶڶУҲͨ졣
ҶҲ⣬Ҷ´ӻͳţ˵ע֮£򿪿
̫ӱǰ㣬ͷ˵һЩ˼ĻҶ迴Щ죬ĵﲢδ͵ţһʮּѵؽϵȶѹȥ¿ȻǴȥġ
ǻڽ̫ҲȲҪڴǰ档Ļ˵ǰ󣬶ݲͬԺǼ̫Ǽδޡδ޼һһ棬Ҫץᣬ档
̫Ӵʱڴ˴ҶҪָһڣվŵ㽫ǵĻʻȥɫȻذ˻ȥ
Ҷɫţ̫ӿ˵ʲô
û˵ʲôҶɫ糣ֻһЩĵĻʲô¡
ҶĿɡ
ɿҶɫ򶨣ҲĻֹֻһۿŻڽ̫ӵ֪˲١
ûڼдã΢΢ʱҪȥμӳᡣ
ǰҶд˻ţظ̫ӡ
֮ӱӵš
һ¶δüȥӻš
ӱǻһߣתͷ뿪
ҲʲôţȥҶҲһԭʹˣԼǸȥӻŵˣ˻ţ˳㽫ҶҲߡ
Ӵ𣬲еš
һҹδߣлϲֻҶ裬һƣҲޣѾ˸ôҶȥδ
ʱϴССӶˣ壬Ҳ֣Ҷ赽ȥׯӵ÷ˣãҶӦҲϲ
ϲãֱڿʱȻֹ
ͷҶͿؾܾ飬˵ˣٽҲҪڼ׼ˣֱ֮ǰչأҲټ棬պҪעһЩ
ˣ̲סԹһöŵľٶ
ҶдôݣƪȫǶıԹ
˵ǽճżˣԵţӶӦҶעڽҲҪӣ˵ʲôҲ͵͵
ӣ
ŷ뻳Уɪ
ðɣȾ͵ȣһӶȹˣѵ⼸
꣬㵽ˣǶ˵Ļھڶ³ȴǻҪ缸գֻҪٵȹԪڣܿ㵽ˡ
ˡ
ղ³һȵ£һôʱأ
ߣ~ϻ~

 133 

Ҷ赱˵, ˵Ҫ׼, , ̫֮|ΡȻ
˵ǳׯ÷ͷ÷, ҶɿŸ߸˵ġǵΪæµҲ, շһ, Ҳ, Ҫÿһڵݶȫ鿴иһ, 鲻Ҳֻлظ̫ӵıԹ
ҶۣѾˣϵ, , Ԫʱȥ֡
Ԫҹ, ȫǵİնˡ, ϶ϲģͯץŴ˵, ۾, ؿŽιĴͻơ
岻ãĽգ㶼ݷ˾ڸ, ò׵ݷ˵ͷܹ֣Щ˻ˡ
Ҷԭȥֱ߲¥ţڲ¥Ͽϵ֣ȿˣҲ»ᱻ˳ײ˵ʲôҲ⡣
¥Ĳˮƽﶼ֪˶ٻأһһԪڣȻҪ߸ʹ죬ʶôãǰȴδչ֣Ҳֻнлһţȵꡭ˶٣Сˣ͸ûлˡ
һ˵ҶˣҲ˵ʲôһȺ֮С
˵ǰδԪڳӱ˿˵٣Դָơ²Ҷ赽Ա̯ߣªȴ߸˵ġ
һգаնӼгˣϵС̯ҲֽԼ̯Ӱ˳һ·߹ŵʳζ
ĿҲ䵽Ҷϡ
ҶӦΨЩЩԥ岻ãڵķʳҲȫҪСĽ·̯ʳȻ㣬ɵĵط·̳ײʳ¥ĸɾ
ǡ
ص裬㿴Ҳֻһλᣬû㣬»϶ҳˡ
ҶֻӦðɣֻ׼һ
һҲ㹻ˡһæյЩ̯ǰϸѡĳԲˣϸסȻظ֮ةฮĳԡ
ϸѡ֮վһ͹ǰѡ˽ڡ
裬Ҫ
ҶεͳӸˡ
ڽ֮ʮֳһִͷߵβȦС̯кöҲвһ۹ʲˣȶڵĴˣ̳͹ը̳ʱɫƣһҧȥƤִ࣬ݹ̣˱ǡ
ֻôһʵ᲻óԣԵСģҧһ̵Сĵش߹˰֣ǳˡ
ЩδǰӦһˣֻܿС̯ѣִҶ裬æ̯˲ٶſϰݡ
ϻд͵Ļι֮ϣ輧ʦҲɼ˽ȥȿˣδҶ
̾һÿ궼ܳˡ
ҶЦЦȺмҵ޷𵽶ת𣺡ǰ˵ҪŻƣ벻룿
۾һӦ¡
ԭ˱ɹǴ죬תůֻһ㱡ǰˮ汻ƻյˮԣɫƮ֮ϣɷǺÿ
ӱѾˣպл˿ԼԼںӱפ㡣Щ֮Уּ˲ŻƵˣŮŮռ˺ӱߵĸλãʱµĻƷ¡
ҶӵԱ̯յõģһյϡжţõʱŹһȥʵҽֽʣ˼ڤ룬ֽдЩʲôСۺ÷뻨֮УС
裬Ҳдʵݸ
дʲô
дʲôдʫҲðһֻһأʲôҲдʵ̫ϧˡĵصǶ˵ԸдֽϷ뻨Ʋ³ء
Ҳ٣ʱ˵һͷˮϵĻŹŮ͵͵дµСԸֽԸѹǺ֮ϣҹˮˮʡ
Ҷ躬ЦӹȥֽдԼԸСۺ÷뻨֮СеĻƶԱģٶ֮֮ͬ󣬸ɫƻһҲֲһյԼˡ
˿˺һֱ˴ߴ٣ŴӺӱ˿λøˡ
ﲻס͵͵յߵдˣҪЩҸһɡ
ͬĹŮ½ҪˣõҶҲҪܿ޸̫ӣҪʼ
Ҷݸ£áӱ߷ע⣬Ҫڴϡ
ϵɲʱǲԪеҪ£æҪȥ֡
ҶҪ˵ʲôȴһ˺Ȼð˳ס˶˵ȥ·ҶҶҶȥ
ǰĸߴòҲĺܣƽ̫ߵ
Ҷ裺
̫ӵ̫
ؿǰˣǰһҶǰʲô˭ö˶˵ģ˭Ҫ裬ȥ
ĿбӣɿҶ裬ҶĻӦ
ҶһסյС빫ӵˡ
빫ӣһʱûع빫˭
˵꣬ڲź֪ĳλ빫ӵݳǰˡ
֡
Щ˼ص裬֪ˣȥɣ߻ѾأҾͺˡ
һȥɡ
ôã
ԪڳһŮŮ̫ˣ̫صسҪҶ裬˼ԶԱ߰£Ҫ̫Ϊж
Ҷȴɷ˵ס֣ϷΪԱߣôһͷ
û˻
ӾڲԶĲ¥һ·ľȵԺȴ̫ӵҲûţ뵽˸ż䣬һܻŵĻҲųһԱſڴ߿ŵµ֡
żУӰ˻ˣڱҪһأɵ治ס
ǵ²áҶҲ飬ֱ׳̧ͷУ˵ˣۼŻڽӦӣټ档ǰҲͰˣٵʮգǵĴ֮գʱ䶼Ȳ𣿡
ҵ⣬ȻˣΪβżӵһؼ㣬Ѿȥ˶ʮաѾʮû˵ֻȴ棬ȻҪһᡣǷҪȵգұǼʮ춼㡣һ£

Ҷ޻˵ˡ
ǰ¡׼Ȳ裬źڻܸо̡ҶԼһȲǣֽҲůࡣ
棬״Ц㵹ҿˡ
˵㻹Ҫ̫֡ҶȲ裬ɫº͵صȻˣЩҲأٹЩʱգǶ˱гɻ飬˵Ҷ֮ҲƽЩ
ӹ治
ֻܹÿЩ
Ҷıյ㽫Ĳˮһ
Ѿܿˡ꣬Ϳˡ
ָͷӣֻҪٹʮգӴ̫ӱķ
ӾҶ軹Щˡ
һӹȥķɿ죬һ۹ȥ·δã㾭£ȥʱһ˳ŹԪڣŵҲûУתȦػؼȥɺҲ壬ͬһӦ꣬˷Ҳ뽻õķһţټһյȴֻһˣϷһ㣬˯ˡ
գһȥߵ˱㻻һ˺üҡʱǳǧȴҶҵĹǰҶ˻жתҪɼңٹЩʱգҪӵա
ȥ꿪ʱŸյ֪Լǳǧء
Ҷһڲ裬΢΢Ц֮леտɲ£ҪҪһȥ
һ㶣ǰôܾЩܳơգ
ǡҶǰڹУӦδ¹
ȷûС
Ҷһݡ
ӳ˼Ƭ̣Ȼʣǰһ
Ҷһ㶣룬һʱ֪Ƿ˵
شӱɿصպֻһʱվ㹻ˡ
ҶݸӦ¡
½·̫࣬˷̫ӵݣҶȥ̯һ߸ϡ
Ҳգȳ˲¥֮󣬱ǣס֡Ҷûбĳһۣһ֮ĳ˵ƤȴǰһЩ
սϽǣֵҲֹǶˣҶ˺죬ҲټƽϣиԼߣ˻ᷢ֡
̵׺ڶ󣬿˿һ֣촽˶ͷһԼʲôҲû˵
Ĺ㳡ϣµҲǼˣۼڴ˴ҹѾȥ룬Ѿ˲ٵգеƴ
ղµõˣõͷʮĻƸ߸߹̨ϣʶĿ˲˵ߡ
̨ϻվţڲµգԶԶţ˭Ա˵ۣӦڱۡձ۵ӮңͷҲһյƯĻơ
΢΢ףʣ벻Ҫ
Ҷҡҡͷûȥ֮󣬷Ų˶ձûˡ
̾һЩʧ
ҵһµĿ꣬ȻȺ֮дǵ
û뵽ӽҲˣѾûڲ¥ӱۣպòףڼˣ
ǰ⣬½յӮұǳˡ
ǰ˽ԪٹЩʱգǴˣ˵ܿлԱأҿƾ٣״Ԫ֮λҲǳĪ
 
ӣ
ҶҲЩۣƤһȻ̫ӳֻмգֻҪһʱˣҲֵá
Ҷ̾һʱˣαȥ
Ҫ޸̫ˣѵٶ࿴һ
ȴ룬㻹Ϊ˵
ҶΣֻȥˡ
˼Ⱥ̨ǰı۲ŸսȻǳվӴһ磬ȥ

ߣ課ûϳƢعֵ֪λմ
صҪ
һ㶣ֶܿ˶񣬳˹֣ܿ¿ʼ˵յ⡣
Ҷվ̨£ͷ̨һһأ͵͵ս裬ǲǲ̫ã
ס

Ծ˻ȥ
ԣ˭Ҳ˭۵㶼ʮϬõµȫʮּż˻£±ȫƻ˼֮Ҳ׷ҪǰͷĸһЩ
Ⱥһ£ûվȣǰ˹ȥۿűҪײϸ̨һ˫ֻŵһţȴץסҶ衣æ۾Ϊ֮ᴫҵʹɻعһסֱֱۣӽק˻
վȺ󣬴۾ǰǸ̨ϵıۡ 
Ҷע⵽æʣû°ɣ
ɵҡҡͷ
Ҷһȥ̨ϵıۡ
źģǻ˭
Ӧٶ۵תͷȥվһĸߴˣϴһߣۿĿбӵֱǰ߽̫ӣ¶İϺްֱ飬ŲԶҲľ롣˶٣Դתתһ۵ԼͷҶȺ˿Щǰȴֱں档
ſڣʲôҲû˵Դת˻
̨սҽţðȥҹֶȥ֮󣬲Ƿֳʤ
̨ûӦսӽյʮѤƣ˵ע֮£̨ݵҶǰ
ȺзҵعƻˣˣҲǺһ׮̸
ҶνӹС¿ˣ
Ӳÿɷ񣬿¶İϣǸ߸Ȼãǿ
ţȻһŵȺǰ
ÿÿ
Ŵּǰ˻֮󣬲۾һͷ˿
ǱǽӮ˻Ƶˣ°ͣҲҪǿǮǺ
ӣ
Ҷתͷһۣߣ·ܿɫѿ 
룬ѹһЩƽ˵֪үҪкô
ϵñؿһۣҲ⣬ôƯĻƣȻҪˡλȻ֪㳤ʲôģӦҲǸˡֻҪϽøһж˵
Ҷһ
ûʲô͵ˡ
տв˳ڻ֮УƢԣϲЩط֣˵͡
ӳǲӦء
ûĲһ
ܿ˿Ŀ䵽ӵϣ˿ƽƽ棬ȴ̫ĺܡ
̫ڻʹͷæ׼أ
ͷ׵æλ̨л㿪ʲôǮ𣬿ɴƣС˵Ҫˡ
Ӳ
һĬժϵߡ
ֻһۣ۾ɴˡ
㡭ôô̫ߵ
ʶʲô۾ɵĸ󣬾ֵسӿȥ֡
ӲÿɷЦһ
һŵһЩڴ˴
Ŵ֣վˣŹ򶨵ص⡭ȻϲҲǿѣ͡˰ɡ
˵꣬תŴ뿪Ҳҵ飬񱳺ʲôˮһ㡣
һӵøˡ
ߣϻУ

 134 

һյƵ, ϵҲȥ˴롣
Խ͵ſ, յ, ÿһϵͼʮ־һ·Ҳû, ںڰ֮бۣԡ
̾һ, ȻЩʡ
ֻһյ, ǲ̫ˡ
Ҷ̲סЦ⻹𣿡
촽˶, ׻ʲôҲû˵
Ҫеĺö͵ҶǰֻһյҲ, Ҫĸࡣ
ӵ»ؼ棬Ҵˡ
ҶӦһ
ſڻ谵ǰյûȫɻȴ˵ݡע⵽, ҶĶͨ, һ, ʱ, ůƵĻ֮£Ϊɰ
ԭжż, , ޴룬ȴڴʱȻ侲
ͷһأ, ܽȢΪӵʱҲæңġ
ӣӣܵóԸҶĴ飬ΣΪαѾ㹻ֻ󣬵ʵͬ
һЦʱ㡣
ҶӦһ
ȥɡ
Ҷ˳ͷתߡ
̤ż֮󣬻̲סͷһۡˣǵҲûˣ̫ڻ谵֮У׼ȷ߶ϡ˶٣׻ʲôҲû˵˻֣̫Ӹˡ
»ټǶ˴ˡ
ҶҲ̲ס̴ǣŻƵĳȻ̣·𻹴һ˵¶ȡǣ߽һ·󵨵飬ûѭ棬ҲҺǴߡ
ҶŻƽȥʱҶڼҵˡ
ƣҲǾϲӮģ
ҶûϣҲûϣСŻƣҪ
ҶϲʤæãȻã⻨ÿȷǸúúù
ȹҺˣҶִյҶߣСʣ鶼׼𣿡
ʲôʲô飿ҶһʱûӦ
Ȼ̫ӵĴˡ
Ҷ򴽣Ҳ֪ǷΪǣһ·Ҳ̫ӴȾʼ۶Ŵ¡Щʱˡ
ǡæ顣
Ҷһ㶣֪ػعæģŮ޵Ĵ𣿣
Ҷ˳ĬƬ̣ʣҪļ𣿡
ҶҲź˵ͷ
ΨһŮޣҶ˿˵Ŷ಻ԸĻɵ׻ʮġֻ˵Ҷļ£̫Ӷ֮Ҷ˱صõÿһÿһ߶Ƿʮĵģʱ£ֱǰŸոɡ
Ҷȴǵһο
»죬ʮ־ϸÿһ߽Ƕ˵ġָӽߵ廨Ϸ·ҲʮպԼʱģ
Ҷ迴ԥ飬Ҳԥϵļ¡Դ˼Ҳģʮ־£ʱ˲ٹŮľ̾ɵײǰһ
ԭǻϲ뵽Ҷģֿʼį
Ҷ˳߶ģŻصһʱ䣬ת۱Ҫޡ˵޵ԼˣĸԸĻϲס֮󣬵ײڵߡ
Ҷ费ۣгͻԴȻһ¡
ͷҶεؿԼ
Ҫ˵ģôͷίˣҶ˵ɶأ̫ã㹻ˣ̫Ǹصˣ㽻Ҳġ
ҶԴõòأҲۡҶҶָŷ
ջ߶㣬˵ôȥôã鷿
ҶԹԵ˵ͷ
һϣɸпտգһˮʲôҲû
ҲöˡҶ˽ļ£ãϸźãǸҹȥ
ҶӦһ

æµʱӹ÷ɿ죬Ԫڣգ۾͵˴֮ա
ǵİնⳡ֣ױӹ̧ȥǰͷ˹ͷδ·һͷΨһŮޣҶ˱ǰķ⣬ֻ޲ýеĺö޳ȥ
һŮöȻҪҶġ֮󣬾ֵ˺óһʱգÿһλδ޵ĹʱжĽǾǵĹŮҲˡǳޣҲ᲻óô࣬˵Ҷ޵̫ӣϷ⡣
ӸϸͷҶֻܿԼЬ⣬խҰΧ任Ψһ˫ůĴһֱδɿ
ϲϣ߬ȹһֻһأ侲ȴôҲ侲Ҳ֪˶ãƺû̫ãʲôҲúһô
ֱһ󼱴ٵĽŲԼԵĹ˶£ЩŲԶȥ֨ѽһԵλ΢΢¡
ǰĺɫ
ҶĶͨ죬Щ˼̧ͷһ䣺Ǻʱˣ
ĿעҴ֮գȴЩ޹ؽҪ飿
Ҷ˿ڡ
߬ȹ֮飬֮ǰҶ˱ءһЩΪ飬ЩеĹضˡ
ʱԳӵ򶨡
ӾƺﵹƣصҶߣһݵǰ
ҺƣʢСƱ֮УҶСؽӹ֪ᣬǵĻˡ
Ⱥʱ˿ļ
Ҷ۽޲Ҷ࿴ɶԻĺƺҺ¾Ʊ̧ۣӹ̵֮С
ȻǰʶرۣϤľ㡣
Ѿ̹顣
Ҳ͵͵顣
ѰﶼڴԼĴ֮գڴԼɾʲôģҲ⡣
չʵЩ룬Ѿ֪ã֪̫ϲԼ֪ĸŨңΪ˵ĸǲ£Ҳ̫ϲǰ㣬̫ӡ
ǲһ
ҶͷһؾԼŬࡣ

ӡ
ӵˣֱգǼ޸
ϱӿ󲻵ãʶԼҶͷʱӱ֪Լû˻ᡣ˱͵͵ҶæѼָ壬ѼһйصĶ֮⣬ʲôҲˡ
ԽǶԽһЩ֪Ϣ
Ҷζ
ȴʵ벻ϣʵȴǰ
ֻܽԼɸ˵˼ĵףκ˲˭Ҳ֪Լĳ˼
һӣΪԼҪĲࡣ
ֻҪܸЩʱҶʶܹҶ˵ϲܹһֱ׳׷ԼϹ
ɵҶʶȴҪҶĽӣµ˶֪ǲٳҶִһˣˣ
ΪԼò࣬|ֶ֮󣬱ͻ̰ͣĲ㣬ֻҪࡣ
 
Ҷġ
˳ؼ޸˵ףû˵һ䲻á
ãڿԽԼ̰ȫǰӵĿһյóԸ

ȵڶʱҶ۾ģ֮пǰʱЩز
Ժ֮УԼĴϲ֮ա
Ѿ޸̫ӣӽݱѾͬˡ
ʶŷԼڻУֶ˶Ҳ˹
۾δʶȽ˽סԴҲ˻˵ڷ֮С۾Ƶôѵô硣
ҶŴ̽ͷŷڻмֻ谵
˯ǰ㱼΢һҲδȥ̫á
ѹƣԭûϢá
ҶƵԴձۣʶҪų˯֮СɿػعǿƤʣǷҪȥ밲
ʱ硣
֣Ƹס۾ǰһƬڰ
ȵʱˣٺ㡣
˵Ҷ㰲ˣ۾˯˻ȥ
ʱҲӽУЩԼ˹
ǻδ˯Ȼȫƣ᲻
ɹڣҶҲҵ飬æѣױ̨ǰʼϴй˰æ籾ϸ»һʱҲ첻
ӵĶһЩһʰһУվԱߵȺţµؿǰ棬ʲôĿĻ
Ҷ֮ͭвĿ⣬ͷҲأɹԼ٣һߵ½С
ӳ°ͣȻӦ£ǰЩӣұѾãճ˺üգе⼸նʱ䡣
ò״ˣվСŮһ
ҶܾˣҲ̫ࡣ
ŮԥƳƳ
Ҷ费ۣ˳߿ȥԼ̧ʱ΢΢¶һĺӡ
Ҷ裺
˶䣬ԹԽ˹ֳŹ˲ע⣬͵͵̫һۡ
֪һϡ
ȻǶ˳ǿ飬һģһ壬һ۱ܿǰҶЩ˼˻飬Ҳûʲô˼ˡ
ЯʺʱʺЩȡ
ôˣʺЦеصҲûأմ飬Ƕ˶ˣЩʱҲһ
Ⱦ˲裬еĹضˣʺҶ¡
ɫضҶôãˣɲ֪̫жෳˣǰôȰҲᣬȼ㣬˸Ƶģʱ߶Ӷˣʵǿɶ
Ҷ͵Ц͵͵̫һۣӣƲͷ
Ѱĸģ
׷飬Ȼöĸ
ʺ߶߶˵ҳ˵˵ţ˵մ飬˵ϡ
̫ӵÿ죬Ͱ˳ձ˹һҹƣԼ˭ǵãҲ߲ءʺûؿ̫һֳۣģһҲϧܵܡ
պ飬ҲһգȳһأպȻҲˡӰҲ졣
Ҷſڣǽ˵Ļ˻ȥ
еƵ飬̫ӻδء
ۿʱ磬˻Ҫȥʵۺ̫밲뿪
ȻصʱҶ£㲻һ
ӰĽӲļ羱ˣ
йضֻ࣬ˡҶʵҲδϢãߵöˡ
Ӵǹ֮ǰַɿذ¡
úϢձˡ
ְѹˣѾ깫ֱ׳رԼ̫ɻȥЪϢﻹаǰڿģ
һŶʹԴ״ſڵסƬ̣һۣȥһʺ״ȥˡ

̫㲻ǰǰ㷽㡣
Ҷ軹оҪǳùţʮ鷳֪ҪæЩÿ˽ͽһһȻЩ鷳Ҳ¡
̫Ҫ֮ǰҶѾѧһʱƼ֮£һҲǾϵǣ֮вӣȻһ檴ڵĺۼûҵ
˵赭дҪЩʲôֻ̫һ㹻ˣҲҪ£ҪҲ鷳̫ķ֮£
Ҷ裺
Ҳ֪ǲĴ̫ӵĻкʲôʾ
ȫһ飬ܿǱҲ¡ɴ٣þûһڴؼڷ֮У˲ٴǵ飬ǵһҳ£Ҳǰ״Ԫд
жˣʮأΪ˿ƾܹһ죬ǰʱѾˢˣ˴ǣܲμӵĸŴǣʱʲôϢҲǱֻ¼ŵ淢飬ΪԼڹԺ֮еĺһѺ
Ⱦչȥ֮
ȵŰգǵ߶˸ʾϡ
һգӵϣҪ濴֣˻ϲǣʵ˺ü졣ǵǣǰҲŴ£¥ÿ˴ǵǷһ
Ҷþ˺üڵĿƾأþҲ˲١
Ψһϵġ
誵Ĳѧ֮ǰʱҲ˽Ԫ˲²ҲܿлԪ˵Ԫڣɳʧ֣Щڣʵ𾪲ѡ
Ҷ貢޹ϵ֮󣬱㽫һߡ
ӿá
Ϊ֪ϱӣ誵ȷԪڣǷ⣬ûЩ˵顣
룬ⱲӾѾô仯誺ȻʧҲ˵仯֮У»سܲܿ״ԪҲ޹ؽҪ֮¡ˣ誱㻹ҪΪĳӣУ˳ˣҲ̫⡣
ûҶܷǰЩɾͣҲ˵
ҡҡͷҲ׵Ժ
誣иҪ顣
ԥ
֮ԥִǰ¼ҵ̨˺óһʱ䣬ͷ˳ڳпʼֽš
ԾԥĿ꣬ڳһʱ֮ԥ½˻ϣʼ͵͵ڻͷСˡ 
һһûӵ۾
ȢϹ泩ٿЩӵģԽ˳ˡ
ӹôȻҲ͡
Ϊǿˡ
ߣ䣡ң
þ˺֮
ңоܣǸɶܻöСһ

 135 

֮еĹϵ, ʺҲǸ˵, ̫ӻ, ̫֮⣬ʹҲ˸ҺҶҲʹ졣
˵ʲô鲻ʹ죬ǳɻ֮, ̫ӱ֮ǰˣÿնڹС˵СС, ˵󲻴, Ҷ̧ͷͷܼˡ
Ҷ֪ʲô, ҲЩΡ
ڴ֮ǰ̫ӱ뷽跨, ÿŹ˻飬㣬Ҳóȥ, ֻڶ֮бܼҶ衣
Ҷ迴, Ա, Ҷ账, һԴҶ˿, Ǿ͸, ۱ۣǰȫҹͷö˵
û, ±㶼֪ˣ̫̫ƣ̫ӻй¶˱ûзֿʱ
ٴڿʱܵһʮԺӵߣҶĬؽй±һҳپʣȴһҲȥˡ
Ҷηе飬̧ͷȻ̫ӵԼϣ̬ʣҲġ
µĹˣҶʡ
ˡ
Ҷ裺ɽҳ檱Թ˵ǵ½̫Ƹ˶жʱ䶼ûˡ
ͣѾóɼҵô֣˵ŰҲ죺ҽ齻պҲܶһ棬¡

Ҷĵոԥ鷳ҲǴ£
֪ģ̫ԥϣǵڳ֮ԣ˽£Ҳָʹԥ˲˴ȴѲ鷳
Ѿ̫֮䣬ҲûʲôĵطӶܻ䣬Լ鶼˵ЩڴǰҲԼЩδ˵ôô֪̫ӶЩʲô
ԭԥǰڴİʱصؽˮǴô˼ԭԥ˽͵͵ŻҪһŪСԥһͷ̫Ȳǰ¼ʱ̫Ҳ͵͵˲ٺ֣˽¸նԥ·
Щֱӵһؽ֪̫ӾЩʲô
ӳ֮볯£ЩѾ˲ĸԺ֪֮ǵӦ֣֪õı仯¸Ӵ󵨣ʵ۶֪Լص̫Ѿ͵͵֮С
˲֪ЩӶҶûȫ˵ϸϸ޲ýԼְĸλö˵ˡ
ԥҪЩϾҶϸȴ̫˺ôһӣֻԥٰ֮ϣʵʵġ
ļƣıԶǣҲզࡣ
֮ȣ̫ȥԥȥ鷳ǡ¡
Ҷ˵˹֮⣬ѵûҪˣ
ֱҵ̫ѵ£

һ԰֮еĻ˲٣Ҫȥӵ㲻ͻǶһҲãǶϲǲһȥָࡣ
Ҷɣǲ硭һ˴ţ
Ļû˵̫꣬ӷ·Ѿδ֮ԣĿ⾼سʣµĻ˻ȥ
Ҷ˵û̹Щ
Ҷ˴ǰûԭɻ֮󣬷ճ˵ģ˵ҲʲôãҶȴЩмܡҹ۱ۣĶ̫ӣеĹô࣬û̫ӳǰʱ䳤
˼ͬһϣҶ˶Ļ

ǰδɻ飬ֶܶţ֮ܵҲֻǣ֣̫֮ӱ§§ҪǰδĶһ
ҶһƣһƣǵͷѾ߲ˡ
»ֻ޲մһһҲֿ㵹ãŸ뿪°ͿϣϢߣҶĶʱͨ졣صôУò׳˻飬ôܹǰް𣿡
Ҷ赹Ѿ㹻ˡ
СѰޣҲûһֱһġ
ҲգˣΪҪѧһ
ҶԶԣֻ롣
˼Ƭ̣ǵǱȥ԰￴ɡ
ȻӦ¡
԰аٻޣɫ඼ʮ󣬽ɫֺãҶԱù԰ͤڳֽī
ȻҲûоʲôɣù˶౸һݣԼҲԱһ
δʣһ̫༱Ҵҵ˹΢΢ɫС̫˵˾ͣɫ
Ҷʣ˺£
ӽϴ֮Уɫѿص
ôԥ鷳ԥ޿̣Ҹ˸˻ֵ˻ʵǰݣûʵͷ۲ѡ
ʲô£ƫƫڴʱ¡
ڴ˴ңҺܿ
Ҷ򴽣ݸӦ£ӵӰҴʧڻҶ֮䣬ŸµͷʼŽ۵Ļꡣ
԰ûˣҲȥСδŪ̫Ķֻ֦ҶɳɳҡתաҶ˻ͷһãշҲǲ
ëʣӹŮݹʪȥīһʣ̫ӵ˶ˣ
Ѿʱˡ
ʱҶ˶١
԰鷿ȥȰ仰Ҳò˰ʱ̫ӦǱЩ¾鲻
Ѷʰһ£ȥ鷿
ǣ
鷿⣬̫ȫԴҶ軹δ߽ͷĶһžڳһ㡣Ҷ㶣һʱҲҽȥ
ֹ̫ҪĶƬ̣û̫ӵһ
ſڵ̫̫ӵ½ȥˡ
̫൱
̫̫ӵ½ȥһˣԭλ»δֳʲôԴ̫ӵ½ȥ֮ͷĶһֱûȥ̫ȥʺˡ
Ҷɣǻأ
̫ҡҡͷҲ˵
λͷֳô󶯾붯ʺ˵ʵѾòСҶҲڴʱȥֻſڵŻʺ
ڻʺĺܿ죬ſڣҲһҲδ˵ʲôֻ̫ഫҶһȥ
к󣬳ʱҶɿع۲һΧ
ԥү׵ģʱ񻹻¶ŭݡʵǰǲԸģ̫ӡ
Ҷ΢΢Ա߿еţϻŲյȥɵˡ
Żʺһֱӣԥ룺ǲǲ
ô̫Ӳʲô鷳н̬ͣø鷳ˡ
ߣոɱȡʲô𡭡
ҸоԼǸˡ֪һúܶСû뵽ǧдꡭ

 136 

ʺһ, ۿɼ, ʵ۳һ
, ͷ۵ص˵飬ǹܲˣʺ, Ҳ˭˵ûԱ߿Űɡ
˰, Ҷ̫, ûע, ̫ӣ˺£
Ӳֻ̫һ, ̫Ҳæˮ
ɲյڵ㲻ضԣžǡ
ҶӦ¡
Ȼͼһ, ߵָԥĸ, , ǲԥĲҺȥæ, ҲͰˣҪһ, , ĸ˵ɲɶ񣿡
ʺҲŷ
˵꣬ԥҲ, 㲹Ĳ°úúõģȴǲɷ˵һţզզ˶Ĳ¡ƽϣ׽Ĳˡ
ţʲô׽㵹˵ʱˣҿǸμɣ͵͵׽Ŷԣ
ʺͷۡ
ٿʵۣȻʵҲѾͷȥװʲôҲ֪ʲôҲ֪飬濴ǰĳֳš
ƽֻҪʵѵһҲٶ˵ʲôɽյãֻҪŻʵ۵ŤһšҲû˵ȫǰյʱû˼ôࡣ
ʺֻ˵̫ӣҲܣ
˻һԥ볯ӿҶҲֱ塣
Ӵᴵ˴յ֮л̵Ĳˮ̵ĲҶˮչˮҡƯ
Ҫ˵ɵлҪ˵
ӷ±յɫ˵Щ֮ǰҵʣԥʱʱںδ
ԥɫ΢΢ӲĿÿֱӡ
ʵ˻Ҳӣǿ
ԥô˵
ˣԥ˵˵ԥڳ¥ģʱԥμɣһҲûдк棬ȥкǷҪæĵطԥãҺ󣬲ɷ˵㽫ѵһ٣ͷʵʲ
Ŷʣ֪ԥǻڰʲô£
ԥȻǳ񡣡
˵ԥҲˣ˵ˣǺҪæİ컵£Ҳʵ֮飬ҲˣҲֹˣǰʵӦá¿ǶҲøһ㵱˽ˡ
Ļ£ԥǰһֶԻʵ˵ϣҲ򵥶ۡ׷鳯͢շձлὫץסΪԵʣȴˣ÷ߡ¿ɴС˴λᣬ»Ҳ֪Ҫȵʱö˶˵ģԵ޹ʳڳϣҲʵ֣
ʵ۵ַ
ڻʺ֮ǰ⻰Ѿ֡˵ԼûԥҪ˵˳͢׷ˣҲΪ֮˵ǲ׷Ҳȷǣش
˵ˣҪֳ֣ӦҪǲãԥҪԴǣȰ˵
ۿŶҪҶʣǷйϵ
Ц
ôûϵ
Ҳƽﳣȥĵطö˶˵ģΪλܵȥȻǴ̽ԥټ׷ԥǰȥҪ˵ʲô͢Ǽ٣Ȼ֪ȷԸԥʲôֻҪұ㹻
Щʱգԥʤֱʱ̲ˣصؽ״
⿴˺һ־ˡ
ǹҶ裬޷ģŵȵҶҹ
ֱʵһγֹӲǿڡ
ԥ˵Լץ͢߿ɻʲôˣӵ˵ǻԥ߿һҲûС
ԥҧҧҲżȻ
ȻżȻǰ׼Ҳ޺֣ûдţ˵ҲˡµԥȻ֪Ҫץ͢շȴް׼ù¿ԥ°Ҳ档²ۿҪ겻ˣ뽫ƵϣԼ
ۣ㾹ȻҪ
ԥæ˵ް֮⣬Խ׮һֱڿҿңҵǰѾ飬аи
Ȼˣô׼͢һʱˣҪԼǰ׼Ĳ㣿ҡҡͷҪ˵Ҳ˵ʲôȻ
Щԥ˵Ҳ˵
ƩδǺ׼ҲãڳҲżȻЩ˵ĳЩ˵˽£˵ʵ̫
ֻܲĵҧͷŻʵ۽Ź
ûԼˣӲվҶһ˳ȥ
ǵȾˣʣһʱûע⣬ȷǹ˲ʱĻˣ
Ҷס
̫϶ʱ¶ź
ҶһҲһȤζɴ˱Ǵˣ²صȻҲҿ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ƴԥӵ߳ɲͣųҶһȥԥס
̫кιɣ
˱̫ܿĶĿˣҲڴʱ˵Ļ
ӣ֪ԥץĳûУ
ԥɫһ
ɫص£ȻѾץ
𣿡˵ڣԥЩδˣӦҲȥ׷˰ɡֻԥģû׷ˡ
ԥɫɲȴұ¶̫࣬Ψ
ĳԥҪץĳ͢շɸҪģ뻧йأԥҪץסҲΪ˻
Ӵǹ˹ԥȷǷ˲ģ¶һ
ʲ
ȴԣԥ֮УԽصҶߡ
ԥҪ׷ʣҲ鷿ǰʳġ־ֿ֣Ӷ̫˵ⷬ˼ÿ¡
ѵ̫Ѿ֪Ҫʲôһץˣ
̫ӻô
ӶҶ裬ɷȤ£
ߣСһٵᲹ
飬Ҫ

 137 

ԥ², ץһ͢շ, ʴˡĳǳйԱ, 뻧ϢϢأԥץסܴĳʳһС
ԥͼԼ, Ҫͻңлˮ㡣
ֻϧ, һص, Ѿһץ
ԭԥǰⷬҫҲķ, ȴǹΪҪԥ˶֪, š
ԭҲֻЩ²⣬żȻ棬ȴĲ²ʵ֤ݡ
ڰҲһڰԥ, ԥץĳʱ, ǹһ˺׼, Ǵ׼ȫ, ֻϧȫļƻȴһͻȻðţ˲, Ҳԥֲ, ò˳ȥ
ԥȻЩʱձ˲Թ, ׼ȫļƻȴֱңﲻסͷŽʵǰšͬģҲ˴£ӲŲһ˵Ĵڡ
ϸ˵Ҷŵһǲ²⣬Ӧ볤йء
Ҷ˶١
̫ҲǵһػˣǰʹһأֻʱҶҲ˵һȻ
Ҷ룬Ҳֻǵҵȷ֪˼ǷʲôǰںʱҲδ˵Щδⷽ飬Ҳδֹʲô
ҵȻ㡣
ԱŲŲ߿ճһ˵λãҶ˶٣˼˴ʱڶ֮У˵Щ˽£ҲԱߣֻˡ
Ҷ˹ȥ
һ£һ˫ֱϣţ̫ӱ㿿˹°͵ļ紦
ӳ̾һ
Ҷ趯ͷ½պۣ
ֻ֣ڳʮ꣬Ϊǧ𳤴ȴ֪ЩֻһŮȴЩţһ㶼ͬһ£ȴܲصҲ´ˣĶĿšüҪչʲôضºۼǺۼأ
볯꣬жͷһ˿ûзֻǳĶҪһЩµЩѾ죬ѾܹԼټκ˷
֮ǰʲôʱ
ΪλǳҶЩ⣺ԥڳоӪãҲǰͶΪһǳأ
ΪѾһأǾŻ²ǳΨһı
Ҳͷһԥ棬ǰѾԥһأҲ˽ֶΣеѾ㹻СģΪһʱΪҲǰ·ߣ˵ҲǸıⱲӣԥǰҲ̫˵Ψһıֻг
ԥõ˳֧֣ȴȻһǲԳ˭ģ
ЩӲ˵
Щ֮£˵ҶŲţ˵ʮֻĵ
ǳԥΪλԥŴ
ҶһʱȻ˵Ļ
Ͼ̫ӵĻʵ̫еҶҪΪ˼˵ûԴҲ벻һʵڱ˳̣ȴҲò˵ֻƾŴǰЩʵ벻˼ʲôܹԥɨػȢŵŵ㣬˴ҲͷĿݡ
˵飬ǱЦˡԥ֮ԥЩҲܳ裬ǰЩ̧ȥһи飬ô棿
ֻгˡ
ǳǾǳˣʣʲôĵط
ҶԾҡҡͷ
˷˳֮ǰĸڳлмֵλЩȴԽԽͣ糤˵ͷ˵ں֮Уǳһã˷˼вҲ泤˼ҲСġ
ⳤصÿ湻ģ죬ô鷳
һֻŵҲŵϣ˫ֻǵſϣеҲһ£㣬̫
ҶʧЦо˶Լѹһ˵һȣȥӵֵĺף̺ܵӣεػסˡ
һֳֻ壬ӸµؿҶ衣
Ҷգգۣо׵Ĵַƣʹ°ͣ΢΢³ޣԼķеİҹƼˣڿյģҶԼ
ڼžΪ
Ҳע⵽ˣĿδʲôΨḧ°͵ָȣ˹ģԴ䱦
裬ֻҪ㿪ڣұȥ
Ҷ֪ԣͷǵ㻵˼Լ
ֻ֪޹볤Ҳ̫ԹȻҲ붯ȥǡ
Цһӡ°⡣
㡣
ģһ̫ϡ
Ҷ֪ͼЩƭ˹ȥ˫ʶģ֮ļЩҪڰʱһءǼʱؼʱ˻
סƾ֣ܵЩδҪƭȻ洫һ˵
硪硪𣿡
ͷʲôأôͷҿԽ𣿡
硪硪֡
ͷੲݵغƬ̲ͣҸѽأ硪磡
ӣ
Ҷһƿֱ塣
ɫ»ͷأȼˡ
ӣ
ߣҵ
ϵˣȻҲˣʣµҰҹдQAQʱʣµͳˣ
ǧһҹŶһҪȥ˯ѽ
Ϊдĺĺģϡ

 138 

˺þ, żӳӵ˳, ɫʮѿ
Žеû, ȻϢģһ°˰أһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ؿһۣлҪ˵𣿡
, æԥǱߣҪҶ𣿡
˵Щ
ǡǰͷ, , , ԭҿɶģ˵ȥԥ鷳, ұȥԥ鷳״浽ǰˣҪҪţȻҪġ
к޺޵һ, תߡ, æȥ
ЩԺ, 㽫й˶ϳȥ, ҽʲôҪ£Ҳûʲô
ӳһԲ, ÿ, ܿߵڵҶӭײϡ´һ, űײбӶѾ²ãжʱ¶ʧ
ҶԵرܿߣ΢΢ף˶ϲ㣬Լ˳ϣԱδĹ±˻ʹһôǰ̫Ĺ±ͶʼǱأҵδ飬ʱһֱ֡
࿴һ̸ۣܵԱ̫ȻߡæԴֺõص磬ɩɩǰ䰡
Ϊؿһۡ 
ܵȻЩʱԴ̫⣬ƨǺĺܡ
һ裬˵ɣʲô¡
ɵؿҶһۣЩԥ 
ӿ˼ܻʲôʲôñܿģ̫ɺöˣţܰųЩ⡣
ͷǣǣɩɩǱҴ
Ҷ裺
Ʒһҳ˵ǰĹ±ÿɶЩˣҲ̲ס䣬̫Ҫ˵ЩʲôܰæĵطȻò
ĹȻǹԥ顣
Գõ˽Ⲣ̫ԥЩԥҪЩ£֪ĻûҶࡣʤ̫˵ʲôʲôָһ˵һߵͷ˵һҲûģȴװʮ档
˵ӷԸȥҹ鷳
ͷԥĵ̣Ƕȫˣɲ̫ðɡ
ʲô취ֻҪԥעŵϾͺã֮飬Ҳò㡣
ųһ
ҶȫڶУˣŷеĹ±ɻ߹ȥ
ԥҪԻ֣Թ֣ԥĺ·Ҷ費⣺ǻأ㲻ˣԥƤӵ°˽ߣѵҲҪԻһţ
Ȼǡ˵⣬Ƿԥұ㶼Ҫɾԥڹô꣬ҲɾҪƨˣŻ¶
ǰʾԥһԥӦѾˡ

˼Щʱգǲġ
Դӽʧ֮ԥһֱ̬䵭Լȣ˼Ҳûа취ԥгҲܺĵλ
֮һֱҪԥĻģԥܹϲɻ취ԺŮǱ˲鷳ҲȽĶǵ֮УΪЩ飬ԥ
˼ʮֻš
ҶĴ飬޸̫ӣ̫ӴյʢðһֱֵʲѡҶѾȣȻǻӣ̫ӻԥĵλһЩŶ֮ҲûУ̫Ӷ̫вʣȥֻȥԲ²̫ǷаҪȻôֻȢһҶأ
ԽЩϢԽǲģֻ뵽Ҷ̫Ӷ裬ȴԥԴŶôġ
ɲҪΪΪϱһľأۼԥ䵭˼æߴԼ
Ҫ֪ǰƣԥԥע⵽ԥʮָˣ˲ٵǰ˴£Ҫʲôٰﵽԥԥϲ
˼Ͻ첻ˣһ¡
ǰԥ̨һԭ򣬱ǹӡԥΧ֮ڣڹӪ꣬ͬģʱԥҲ̡
ǹ£ԥͷö̫ץסѱһٰ⵹ԥΪԥ֮У֮رµǰҲԹǸԥļһҧгݣޱȡ
ѣԥһǰƽû˹в̫Ҳ޷Σԥֺˡԥһٺ󣬲Ҳʮָм
˼뵽㲻ڴҵһԥпеʱ̽ע⹤
ԥüͷεؿ˵£ܿ϶һֱУǶѾңλΥ飿
˼żصүƹܹ꣬ȻүģֻүǣҲδǣɼܲסǻͷлᾭô飬˭ᶯͷأ
ʵ˼Ҳ̫巢ʲô飬ֻǵù£ģһûҲܳļһЩ㹻ˣֻҪԥ·ϣȥϸ̲һ飬Ȼᷢ˵ġ
ԥɵؿãȻòš˼ǰڣԥǿ
ȻԥУĳЩϣֱȷǾָ㣬ŷ˻һ·˵ʲôأ
ŲҲһ׵飬ԥ£ԹȻ࣬Ҳûʲô˷ԣɾڿʼŲ
һ飬ԥһ
ƹܹӪ죬пдˮͼڹ͵һѹһʡƲģⲻ˶Ķ
ԥȫʵǰʱ־ŭֵµ˺ݺѵһͨæظȥҹ˼
˼Ǿϲô֪⣿
˼Ȼ˵ԼصܰүȻò
ԥ·ǵһؼһ㣬һʱ֮䣬ҲǰĴźüУ´档 
˼⣬ųҲǵʮ㡣
ȹգ鷳Ǵһ٣ԥɫؽ֮󣬻ص֮УһԹ˼꺮ůػ
ΪȻ̫ûв˵Ҫ̫ץסѱ񵹺ãΪ˼Եʣȴ±˹ȥ
гæȻ̫ӽĳߣչҲʮ˳
ԥ⣬԰Լ˴鷳Ĺ˼Ӻáѹʹ˼Ȼ²Уڳⷽ棬˼Ȼȣʮŷ
˼ﶮЩָܹҲΪ֪ƶѣͷָԡԥ˺üԥĺɫҲ᲻˵Լɴָһ
ָˣԷһֻǳ檵ĸ뷨үɵ˼ǣϸᡣ
ԥ˼

ûڹϿӵԥҲ⡣
ԥһһڣȻ֪λԥ֮ǰʲôˣɼȻǴǰӦҲ֪ԥ顣ô飬Ƕ֪ԥ˶ܣԥѣҲɶȥ
ԥѾһŲ뻧˻ˮ֮УҲӲȥ
˵𻧲ӱһˡ
誡
Щں󣬳誷ͼǿڵһˣӳеʵһٲͷΪ˴˴οƾٵ״Ԫӻصؽȵķ֣ӣͬһĿȴͬ˵ǰӹͣⱲӱǷâ¶۵Ҳ˲ٱ仯
֮״Ԫν֣誷㣬˲˵ע⣬һ·ĵϣһأ֮󣬳ҵżЩý̤ˡ
ӻصעһ뿴ֻȢļҵĹ
ϵǣ誾ȻδȢޣ˺Ժ֮Ҳδسҡ
ԽԽòԾšüͷȥѰҶ衣
ǲǻ⣿
ҶЦãѾûйϵˡ
ǿ˵׼ӵҵȻ㣬㵱ϾͶϣӲԥҲǻԼû֮Ҳ˭֪ʲô뷨
ҶֻԼԩĲˡҺθɣ˵ȻһϵҲûˣ뷨Ҳܾϡ
ȷûйϵȴһ˽Ĳˡ
Ҷ̫ˣκ֪ͷ˵Լӣ˭ҲܸġɳʵھӣصҲҲֲֻҶ裬˺ܲ˼ʹʲôҲҲѱ
޷һӣ˱Լ̫뵽ⱲҶѾԼˣ˭ҲߣǳҲһֲҶԿο䣬һҲûˡ
ҶֻΡ
̫أԺ¶βѣԴԴҲǶʩܸܵʮݣۺʱδչشȡΨһ£ȴԴף̱СѣҲˣƫƫֻԳһˡ
ҶҲ֪ⲻȫдӺζʶ֮ǰѾͳ誶˹ϵ̫ƫҪų誣ֻһһرԼ⡣˵ĶˣҶ趼ЩᷳԱֱù˽Լ޾߱ƫȥһأ׽Щµķ˻ͷ
Ĺǿǿۡ
̫ӵϣ˭ҲǣÿźʱСģҲҳԴ̫֮ӱǱ˸ƵģǴǰǰ񣬸ǣ̫˻̫Ӳ˵õͣǸĻ˵һ𣬾ÿ̫ɫ
ۿţȫ̫Ȼ𾴡
̫ҲҪ廧ԥңϣԽԽʵ۶ʼע⣬ܿûעˡҶ裬Ҳʼ͵͵ھϰ̫ӡ
һ
ǰҲһأ֪޹Ҳûֻ̫˶źϣҲõȻԺ󣬲ܹ˵ϡǰѾ˲ٱʣǰ鰲ȻȹѣȴҲְ˵׼˵ڴͷһغˡ
˭óûһʱվĴҶأ
뵽ǰЩšüͷȥҶ衣
˵ǳ£Ҳоȣҳ£飿
ҶޱŹ±Ѿ߲ߣ̫ӿ޹
޴Ҳ𡣡
̫ӵҲδǹ˽֮ˣŵ»˽֣Ȼˣֺα飬ֻŵ½˷ųˡҶ跭һҳңȻ޹ϵ
ӣ
ϲɬ
ǰҶΪ˳ңǰһ뵽ҶΪֵزвڡ뵽ԼΪ¶ϵҶ裬֪԰Σмۡ
ڣôȥЩ
ΪҲΪ˳ҵ飬ǰ
ˣȻǳ誱ˡ
ߣ͵һ㡾
簲
ʵ̫ˣȥ˯

 139 

, ﳼ֮, Ҫһӿɲס
ǰҶʱ, ǻѾǻΪۣһøѣм䲻֪շת˶ˡ
ǻҶǴƸ۵, Ըһ棬顣ֵ誡ӻǼˡ
мֿЦζ, Ҳʵмֺ, ûҶ, ʲô
ӵļ֮У課Ǹʮִ󵨵, ҲǳҴǰ̫ãҲϼǿʱֶҲº, , , ǳȴ޷е, ǱߣȻ˾, ٻ
ɽһ, 
ӻعȹ´ǰʱƺ˲١
誳, ͦΣݱǰ̫仯ΨĿȴǰᶨ˲٣ӻ㱼뵽ϱӡҶʱҲǱĴ򶯣ſΪ顣
֪ϷʲôΪⷬ仯֮ȼУҲֻҪһͷδ̫誵ǵ˼¡
֪ΪҵΪ顣ֱߵӣëٶ࿴һ֤ۡݶָô飬˵ǹ㲢޾飬˰漰㣬˭飬Ҳ
̫ӵ£Ҹ޹ġ誹ǰͦñֱһߵףܸһᣬܹ˰ǰҸһס
˲ѧڣںԺСǰ;ôãǳҳ£·Ҳߵͷˡ֪˼ɰ㣬ԹްôͷҲ̧Ϸɿд¼֣һݼģ˰ɷ²δִ£Ϊβȥ󷮴ˣֻȥԥ
˸Ҹ˸΢¡ԥ誷ڵϵ̵߬ԥҸҲн֮֡
Ӷ˶٣ëʼȾһɫī㡣
±ʣЩȵ̧ͷ֪Щʲô
誰Ѿãڼе飬Ҳǲ֪顣
ҲڳУȻ֪һ⣬̻ؼȥ˳顣Ҳ֪ͷҲû֮ǰ˵еƲ⡣
ڻܲԥҰġڳãҲܿⳡµİӿ
ˣ²ȥԥǱҲвͨڳԥ⣬ڴʱܹһѵˣȥֻӡ
誵ǰڱʯשϣÿձڿõʯשԼӳݡӦԥǰȴδ֣֮ϣֳصΣʤ˽֡
ΣլҲ⣬˵˹ȥСԺУΪӹϵҲְͣ飬ЩʱգֻΪܼ̫һ棬Ĵˣþᡣ
ҲϾԥץסᣬͱ
誼ᶨص΢̫ӵס
ףµصǽ״ԪҲֻһԺ׫ڹ˵̫ô飬޹Ҳ˵ǵ㣬һȡʲôֵù°㣿
΢°æֻܸ΢һᣬ΢Ե¡ֱĿްֳɣ΢Ҹ޹ģȵˮʯȫ·Ը
Ե飿
Ӷյ˹غһڡˮ̣뵳ǰģ壬Ҳûó調۵׵
⻰Ŷ죬Ҳмֲ졣
ҶǰΪʱ˵һģһĻ
ҶĴ󵨣ҲΪļͶ⶯ҲǵҪһ࣬ŵͷ׼󡣺δֻ֣õȥҶж֪ĴʹطѼ֤ݣ˿ƣ˵鱨ϣǲ鵽࣬˳ҵס
ҲԼĴ󵨣ȻҪ齻һլУҶ貢δʧ֮ŽĿ䵽ҶϣۼŹʣĿ
ͬĻӳ調˵˵ļð˳֮зšҶѾΪޣҹλշתôҲ벻ƽĲʣҲ˶ʧ֮һĹϵֽҪðͷ
֪ˣȴɼ
Աǹ¸һᡣ
Σûг誣Ҳͬ³
Ҫ誱ˣܸı١ϱһ㣬Ҳʧֻ̫ӣͣҲǰҶֶ࣬ܲ࣬ΣǸãӴԺһܸɵ
һӣ㲻Ǻˣֶó֪
һ·صּأɫ·Ĺ˴Ҳҳ
ҶҪţŻδ̤ȥ
ջؽţӵ֮Уɫѿһˮǳõˣ
ȥ֮ǰӱˣȥ誵ġ
ҳ£誻̫ǰҲпԭһжӵļƻ֮Уȥ֮ǰɫɣáôתͷǱһӻ
Ҷ룬ֹͷӦð¡ѵԥ
Ƶ֪᣿
Ҷһ£Ӳǳ嶯֮ˣʱçײ
˽⣿ӰһȴʮֹŹ֣ûçײȴҪҸһᣬ¡
ҶȻ
֪̫Ӵ㣬˲ҲͨǰҲܲµѾӦ¡м־ȣ̾˴䣬ҲӦǰͬˡ
ӣ
вˮһ
ȥ룬ҲɫãģҲ֪ǷΪԵʣҲýķ
ָĦűյ⻬ıԵȻʣһգҲѡ
ҶЩû壬ɻʣʲô
תͷɫ裬һգҲѴɻ뾡취ҲĴΪ飿
Ҷ˶٣Щ
ѵӦ飿Ҷ£֮Ǿȣǵµ̫ޱһ壬֣Ѵȴ֮ܳǷޣ
´ǰңҰҲ֮У飬ڵҶ󣬡һΣҲܾһգѵ㻹ţʲôҲ𣿡
Ҷ˴ǲԸ͸еľǿӻһԱ˲ί¶ֻǷޣ֪Է⡣
ʱȻ
Ҳǡ
ҶǰΪұҲ͵Ҷˡ
ˣǻΪ˾ľҲԴУ˻ӣȴǸԼȥ̤Щ·
ֻǴǰվȴҶͬ粢
Ŀ⣬ЩҪæ
Ҷ۾һӦֱ˵ǡ
΢΢˼һܿҪþеķ򡣻һļƻҲˣǵҪ廧Ҳԥس׷
׼Ѿ룬ѡҶ֡ 
˵Ƿһ壬ֻ֡뵽ҶΪķʵΪ㣬оΪ֮ȸԾ
һĶֿʱҶ˫ģж־ԾԾԡ
ûе飬̳˹ȥ׼ˡ
Ҷź֪뵽̫ӷǲֳʲôϡŹֵĴף
ҧ
ӦҲûô˵Ϊ̫һſڣͱŪ˹ȥ̫ӵ˽ס㣬ʤ
ҶȥеĻֽҪǵ¡ȽЩ֮Ҳˣ˺üΣʱȥš
Ҷ룬ֱ˻ؾˡ
֮Ҳߵ˽ˣ֪ʱ޿̶˸ԼԼһһ֪̫ӣҶ貢⣬Ѳ෴֪̫һҲ˲£ǾЩ˷еʱӴϢҲĺܡ
빬֮󣬳һضףҲѵõĿУҶ㽫˳
ҲþòѰҴҵģԼˡһʳ¥棬Ҷµʳ¥˽ԼãҲΣգͰ˰ԵĲȡ
һҶ裬̵裬ҿ̫û 
ңҲԽҡҶ˵
һĽûԹĻһ
ͬģ˵ڹйĲҲһ
Ҿ֪̫ӵ¶ôã϶õġظְ֮Եϻȥμһᣬ˹˼óƺԥˣ˵㻵͵͵˵Ĳǣ˵̫ӵһ㲻áû˵ž˼ôңȻҲЩҵ䣬ԥ˲£һţԥæء
Ҷü
ԥæ
˵ģҲ֪١ǰôĻ£Ҳôأҿʵ벻ףкܰԥġ
Ҷ̫ܿģ顣
ҲǳæҲ˵
ûϸ˵һ⣬ܿ㽫עתߣϲ˵Լ¡
Ҷ趼ɻˣݷҲʼߴŸ࿴ЩʱգýţвнƾٸСѧڵˡ
˵˵ţֲ̾һ
ǰ˵ҪѰһѧڵˣҶЦҪѰˣ𣿡
ǡΪλϲ̫أյصҽǺö˵¶ˣÿǺÿɾ֮вѧڵҲ٣Ҳûرϲġ˵ģɺȴʮ
˭ˣҶεԲȡˣɶҲֻܶѧʶȣ֪ƷԣҲƭˣҲǲʫȴƷԶ˷ĺˡ
룬ȻѵõͬĻ˵Щ
Ҷ費ɺ
ǰʱǷֻϲòѧȻҪѰϲ֮ͬͨˣ˵һȥǶȻʺˡ
ȴͷһͬĻ
ѧҲƭˣȼ˳ҽԼתˣּ˼ӱɣҶЩģǲǰĲ͸ġ
Ҫʣ֧֧ʣ裬֪֪̫ߵǸļҵĹӣ
Ҷ˶١
üζؿһֱۣ糺졣
ææصҡҾʣ
ߣʱȻúңһ±賿֡
ҿԶݵؼװϸ¡
Ȱ˯ѣĸŬڽɣ

 140 

мõζ
ҶʶѾ, β֪, ѵô޹ص, Ѿ˼ס
δҲû׷ʣֻ˹мһ, ƷʱĻ⡣
ͨ, Ҫ׷, ȴֲ֪οڲź, ֹӦҲЩĲɵġ
òװֻ, ֧֧ԼĻ¡
Ҷ費ɫֻ˵
裬ǰֻ˲ѧһֱΪ, дú, ǶȻҲǸˡͨ, е, ̧ͷҶ裺ֻŷҲֻҪѧѡ
Ҷ費ÿɷ, Ӧ˵ǡ
ǡǡµصá
Ҷ𣺡ݷӦ࿴˲, ѧеѡ

ͨ죬Ļ, ȴôҲӲȥˡ
ҶݸᶼˣûмŪ̫кü֪ʵһ
͡ϻҼǸ
еѵҶˡ̫кü֪ʱĸ
벻С˵Ԫʱ̫ӵһ˵Ǹ
ֻ̫һҶϸһ
ѦҵĹӡ
е඼ǰǳ壬̫ߵҲǻʵ۴£С̫ߣҲ̫ӵһ
Ǽ֮УѦڣ̫á
ѦƽĬԣһԣע⣬ҶҲû뵽ʱ˹ϵ
󣬱Ҳֱ˳
糺죬ԪںżȻأҵæ
Ҷ׷ʣʲôæ
˵ʵɺϵĺܡȥ飬ֻһѾߣسʱȻԵģתȥԼȥʳ¥򣬺ò˺óĶ飬ϵǮȴӰҲɣѦȣײһĻϵ̫ѣվΪΧӡºһмĻҲûü˵Ѧɿˡ
֮˼ء
ΪסˣŷҲ·ҲϳѦһĳĬְæ˵һ仰ĵлҲӣ·ҲᵱûĵҲЩСȥʱûӰˡ
Ƿ˺üлδ˵ҲѦ档
ҶգĬ
⡭
ŵĻ᲻࣬ϵõ˾͸ˣɴδγŶѦǲɺϹͷˣ
ߵĺܿĳ˵飬ĺܡ
Ҷ轫лѹ£ǶѦ⣬ýһᣬҼǵûӦҲδסѦףѦھ֮ҲӦҲܾ
˼ˣŤصֲϵң˵ҲԸء
ֻǼμ棬Ѧһֱ䵭ޱȣҲӦǶ⣬ֻǿҶѵķϣųְ˼æѡǸһЩ
ֻȴԽԽѦƽʱʫҲˣžͷҲ滹İ黰ûԹ⻹ܣͬĹﶼ½ˣҲῪʼԼδģǰģǱʫѧ峵ĶŵĶˣֻÿ뵽ĶѦģ
ֻһ룬Ҳ֪ѦοѦѾǵĹҲƲ
⣬ȻҪȥȡһ˵ѦҲ⣬Ҳý˵˵סҶò˼һȥһ
۾һ·Ǽһ㣬ϲá
ҶЦãмһ鼦ᡣ
飬Ȼع֮ûȼȥѦ˵ȥӴ֮ǰصضһſڣѦֵͦΣĬڹǰҶֻһۣѸջߡ
̫ڴֱ߶˸߸ߵӣҲûͣ¡
ѦӽӺϣδ䣬ҲδļҵĹôȻ
Ҷɵؿ㵱治֪
֪ʲô
ҶֻЪôͷΪѦô꣬ӦҲ޲
Щ飬ҵȷδ
ʲô
ûֻ̧̧°ͣʾ⡣ֱߵıյѾˣԭԱ̺Ĺ˳ȥҶ㶣ԱߵĲ̫ûɫԷ²ֺõ˴
ֺˣ裬ҲأֻˣСèװģһԼߣҸ٣Ҳ֪ȥʲô
٣Ҷ۾һæʣ֪ȥʲô
飬ҴЩʲôҾסڹ⣬Ǽ¡Ӻɵصشڹ⣬Ҳһãһȴ˵飬Ѧѵʲôֵĵط
Ҷҡҡͷ
ѵöһλ⣬ȻҲöһЩԭΪǶʱ̵ġ
Ͼ̫Ҳʱʱǰ˸죬죬ⲻĳָ㡣ѦҲȻòˡ
кѣ֪ݼҵĹǺѣתͷȥѦ 
Ҷæסɲܱ¶顣
зִ硣
ѦܿӵѶ˽
̫й񣬸վֱ壬̫ӵпɷΪ㶨£
Ѧվֱ壬С
ӦҲû˽˵Ĺ
С
áӸƵ£ڹôˣ¶Ѿ̫ҲӦʱ¡ɹһʵĹҲʡѦ˲ˡ
Ҷ裺
ִ磿
ϲԣȴӵ֣ʾעһЩȴ̫ӷס֣գʾҪ
ѦŻӦȴ¶ɡ
ϸ۲ɫԥбһĴ𰸡
ôŲµ۹⣿ǲɻ飿
Ѧ¶
սɿξãŵ΢ѾϲĹ
ŶļҵĹôδӵǴͻ顣
ѦֹȻӦϲ΢
˵ˣ
ѦҡҡͷȴǾǿصǲϲ
ϲͲϲ㲻˵˵ļҵĹù⡣ӷ¹²ص˵˹µĻλϲˡʵڲУ̫Ҳܰ˵飬⾩Ĺû˲ϵġ
Ѧ¶ԥʵĶ
ð죬ҡҡͷͷȴ̫ӵĻҡڴǼйһ˼ֲɫذȥ
ʶѾãοһĶҡ
΢΢һӣתͷҶ˵Ҳܵˡ
˻һѦȻ̧ͷĿ泯˹ֹ˼𱰣Ѹջߡ
ֻ̫һѡ
ةǧ
ߣˣҹдĻоŲסˡ
ʣǸ˯Ѳϣ18㡾ͷ

 141 

, Ѧվֱ, ÿһ缡ⶼý, ŽӲ˫Ҳ·죬Ŷ˵Ĵ
ӽ´һ, ۼǰð˶飬ջߡ
Щʱ, ʱٳ, ԭΪѾˡӸָָԱߵλáҲҪ, ؽš
ѦߵԱλ£Ծɲҷ, ͦñֱҲҳ
о̫ڴԼ
̫ĺѣ̫ǰ˳ƱҲᴫĶҲΪ, ѦһҲҷ, Ψֻ̫Լкβõĵط
ſ, ƼѦǸŵģ, ԱҲù˵, ɡ
Ҷεһ, ȴĿڡҶҪһѦô꣬, ȻҲֵѦ˳˳˹顣 
ѦҶ迴ɫȥӽš
ҶֻʵȻݼҵĹ⣬Ϊβý˵ף
ةฮھȻѦҲѦ̫ߣպ̫ӵǻҲãֻҪպ󶨲ȥݼҶȻܾź¡˻ԶԷкøУƤ˼ڣѦΪҲ
˻һѦȻ
С㲻ϲ
Ҷˡ
ûףô֪ܾҶŤŤԼʱģѦˣﻹõ費˼ġ
Ѧˡ
Ҷһ㶡
׿˵ģ
Ѧҡͷ
ݼҵ˼
Ѧҡҡͷ룬ֵ˵ͷ
Ҷоøˡ
תͷӶһۣ˶벻Ȼֱӿ˳ǰ
Ѧ˵ʱмʧ䣬વشԴСʫķţϲвѧˣةฮ͸˼ҪΪСѰѧ˵õķСйҲС׿˵ü١

Ҷ趼˵ˡ
Ѧ˵鵹ȷģ֮ǰһֱϲãӹݼΨһĶŮةݷ˶ʮֳ谮Ҳ֮Ľǰȥةฮףɶ֮⣬Ե۹ߡ
Ҫ׿˵Ҷ趼ҪΪԺ޸һء
Ѧòãȴߡ
òһ˭֪֮󣬲֪ԼϲýȻ෴òôͷպǲҶ࿿һֻ¼öˣԼ
Щ˼ûκ˵ֱձ֪
ӲҡͷǶ˶δ䣬Ҫô࣬µãʲôδѾùģ´֪߻Сˣ˵ȥҪЦ
Ѧûз
Ҷջȥ֮󣬱ȥѰݼ˵ס
ⲻ̫áѦС㲻ϲҡ
ֻȥˣݼҷӦǡҶ裺ǲȥѵҪɿŲɣ
ѦſڣҪ˵ܾĻȻ飬ʶʲôȻ̧۳Ҷ迴С
ҶûоܾûзʲôͬҲûиһ϶Ĵ𰸣ֻǵѦӦһЩ
⻰ڶ϶
Ѧ۾һٿվ˵ʲôӱձһռ١
׼ţȲæй󣬿첽뿪
ԶˣӲ˵ʵû뵽
Ҷ裺ʲô
ҡҡͷҲûж˵
ǰҲûһ⣬ֻһغ鶼˱仯˻ῴۣҲʲôϡ¡ҲϱҲһ£ҲһҲδ
֮ӣݷһ˹
ݷȥѰʺҶ衣԰棬ʱϻϲ⡣
˵Ҷ֪ѦӦˡ
ʣ¶ˣ
ûء˵ˣ࿴գҵ¶ҪöϤϤ֪ѦǸʲôˣźõͷ
˵գҿ˿һͤУΧҲûˣֻй̺Щ˹ü˳ĿֻᵱԼʲôҲû
ŴյҶԱߣʣ裬ǲвѦˣ
вҶգգۣЩŵв
ѦôȻұ˸̬ȣ󣺡ǰңҲһ˵֮󣬾Ȼ˵ˣǲ̫ʲôǵĻ
¶ȥüˣԾЩš
˵Ѧ˲ϲңǿŤĹҲѽ
Ҷ裺
Ҷʣѵû׿˵⣿
°ͣǿգҪڹеֵˣǶҲûء
ǰôؼ٣ЩӣѦʵʵڶſڣһҲŲ
Ҷ谵̾һ
̫ӵ£ôⷽ棬ûѧѧ̫ӣ
ߣһˣ̫ˡ
ϣд꣬

 142 

Ҷ߶, ͷҶ˵
ҹʱ, , ĻԻ͹ҹɫֻ֣µĵɢ΢Ĺâ˶ѾЪ£˴̺, ʱԴּæѹ
Ҷ轫΢ʪڷ£, ؿӻ, ָֻͷûˡ, ˯ŹĽŲԶȥ, ֨ѽһŹغϣŵҲ
͸ľսңڵͶ|񻨵ĵӰ
ҹɫ, ˼, Ҳ֪ȥ, û˯, һЩ
Ҷһжӱۡ
ͷ׻˵Ķ, ۣ
һ˹, ұ´ǰģ
ҴǰģӶʱ£УҴǰʲôģ
Ҷ룬˵Ǹˡ
ֻЩЩġ
ǻ, أֹҲʮֹŹ֣ǸˣҲӴȣ˼롣Ҷü䣬Ҳûдǵ¼κİæҲнˡ
һԾЩ⣺˰֮⣬ѵŵˣ
ҶоúЦ̫ӳһʱ޷ƽϢҲҿڻ谵ҪȻƼĳ˱һһĿضԼûУɷҲսˣ˵ڵĻ⣬ҪٷһƢ
Ҷ˵˼û˵Ƣԣ̫Ӻܿˡ
Ϊ̫ӣȴŴγҡУҲ±˷ݡ
Σ
Ƽ̫ӵ»Ҫʱʱܵ˭ǰڣҪһ
кβãӵǶ֪ȻҲ㡣
˵ǳˣҶĲѧھǳ֮󣬱˼סֻЩ˲Ҷǰաǰ誵ĻԼţũŮݵţٺֿ죬¹żҪ˲ˡ
Ҳǵڲźã˶֪Ҷ̫Щ˻ҶʱֻĽķݡ
ҶΣ˵¿УҪؼ֡
ʵʵ˵˵ƲԼҪң
Ҷ޻˵ˣͷתѦϡ
Ѧ̫ӲͬĳƤֶζ࣬ѦǸľͷԴҲˣ⼸ʵʵڹеֵ˹Ҳǻؼң˵ˣŶûݹ
̫ӵĿըٳҪԼ棬Ϊ˶Ҷ˵Ŀ֪ùٷٿѦ޶ۣҶЩɸֵζ
̫ӷôãѦΪȻǹȥģֻߵͷˣڴŶ˼棬ƫƫѦϡǿˣᵽ˲֪ʲôδҪȻĻôɵ
Ҷ費Ѧոڵߣ˵ĿȾҲûѧȥ֡ҪȢȴŶ֪ݣҲ֪Ǹ˵Ҫġ
ȷǱӸ͡ߣǹҶļţƸס۾ǰʱڰ֮Сٰת䣬ɫҲЩˡ
Ҷһ˽Сۣ˺һϵֲƿҶ貢δ۾ﲻŴǰ£ؾȻܿ˯˹ȥ
ȵڶգӹȻѦ˼䡣
ѦȻ̫߶ĿȾ˵̫׷ʱֶΣ˿գ̿ʼͶΪ˸ʫĵϲãصؽ鷿鶼˸飬ǴһỰȵϢʱҲ֪ѧȥԼ˳ˡ
ҶټڶѦﻰⶼǳݣһѦڽ־һЩ˵ĺͯ£ϲ˵áҶãûԹĻһ
ǵ飬չȥȣʢʱҲ˾ϡ
ӷó誵飬ԼҲûиԥ˲ףΪܾ콫Լ֣ԥҲ˲ٽݾ˽¶˲ţӿУɫԼס
ֻעԥһ߸ԥףһԥֵµг˿Ҳûй˼誵ĽչΡȳ誽֤ݷŵǰʱҲȲѡ
ʲôݣѾ⿴ۣǰ˾ŲʮҲֱ塣
£࿴˳誼ۣû뵽㾹Ȼҳˡ 
調ɴģտŷĹһʱƣӵæµ˲٣ΪЩ֤ݣų˲ٿͷԭ񶼱ЩյģȴҲϾ˼ѡ
Ʊ˸ˣüĿҲȴǰᶨЩҲǰӰӡ
Ҳ̫ӵΣ΢Էִȥ飬ŵҳЩ֤ݡߵף¼֤ݣҲӦ֪Ҹ޹ģ°æҵһ
Ӳÿɷ
誽ŵ£ҲԸ²ǲ΢΢Ը뾩
һҲ̧ͷ
뾩ظһ飺֪⻰ʲô˼
أһһ𣬻һҲز˾ǡ侲˵
ӣ㾹Ȼ֪Ȼľ
ʱ޹ظϸ𣬵;˵ҲľѼ֤ݣȻҲ֪һǣж󣬵󣬳жȻճλãֻҪץסᣬֻƾʱֵպûƫ̻ڳҲһϯ֮ءõĻᣬھǣȻҪŴ
΢˼ǣѾ¶˾ġ誵̫ӵ¾ȼҸһ
һۣҲδ˵ʲôЩ֤ϣ˵㻰
誳һ仰ˡ
δܿ뿪Դӳһֱգдʯ£ƣһӿû߼ƣϮ̵ͣ
ػعͷ̫Ҳ˳ȴδ񣬺ֻܿʣһӰ誳ĬӰã󳤳̾һ
Ϊ˽գҲ޻˵ˡ
ӻصʱҶ͵С
ȣҪ󺹣Ҳûţ߻һйԱߴȣ˪ĺﻹʹӣŹ±ڶա
ӼҴ߽
߽ӸҪ˵ʲôĿ㱻Ķȥ
ʲô
ǸĳʳҶ˵˰Źŵȶɱóˡ
£ùӣҨһ׷С
ڼֱθУζҲѹȥʮˬ̫߹ʱǡǡ⡣
áӶԹ˷ԸʺҲȥ
ǣ¡
ֳڣԼʱĿġ
Ҷ˵˳誵£ᵽҪš
Ҷɫ󲨶ֻ˹ҨһУһˬ֮⡣Сյ磬Ҳ̰࣬Ҩױ£鿴
ҶĿⶼδƿ¶ˣҲһ¡
ĥˣ뿪˾ǣҲ뿪ұӣǳҴǰµĵطҶ첻֣ʲôҲûУͷʼܰͷѾܶأһˡ
Ҷ跴ʣص˰Ȼܲѵ¾뿪ˣ
뵽Щ֤ݣҲͬеص˵ͷ
ҵؾǡ񾩳ﻹòҲû͵ԼøЩصΪá
誹ֽϣֱߵĶȻҲ
ֵ²ȱˣҪͷֻܿԼŬɲٿ˭Ӷһˡ
ߣҪǷһˣ
찾ҹ찾ҹ
²ãѭ

 143 

ǵİԼܲ, ʱյľǲ̫̫ƽ, еƽ, ҲӰ쵽˰ǵÿ𾩱ʱҲ`һЩڳõϢ
ЩϢǲй¶ȥ, ɼܲסվ̫и, ﻹиӵ̫ӵ¡
ȥһ֮, ʵ۵, 񶼽̫ӵϡѾе֪ҪΪƳ¶, ʵҲһֻ۱һֻۡھϲδ̫ԽߵϢֻһЩķԷԥв״浽̫ǰ, Ҳûа취ʲô
˰ﲻԸ, , ߵĹϵҲʮֽ, Ҷ˼ʱҲûʲôɫ
ͬΪ, ˼Ļỹ, ˼ʱ̫Ҷʱܼ
ղɣǵ˹˼, ˹˷ˡ
Ҷȥһʺ·ϣ˺ɫ䵭ص˵ͷܿ˼ǰȥ
ǹ˼ԭػعͷ࿴ۡ
Щʱգӹɲ̫죬ڰԥ֮ҲǺóһʱԥЩܿģԥֱԺ֮Ŀ⣬ڳ֮ϣҲûܰԥĵطΪָԥ鷳֮ԥ͸䵭ˡ
⣬˼Ҳû뵽֪ƣȴҲ֪֮о巢ʲô飬ǰԥûǣ֮УǣȥˣҲһԺܹ֪֪飬ԥܿѾܲˣԥΪҪأ
ҲͰˣҶľԥ˲鷳ԥ㾭ҶԱȣҶʱҧгݣȴҲǶ̫ӶĽĽ̫оֶΡҶԽãԵԽܣʵί
ԥ볤ĺ˳˼￴˺üس˼ųӣԥҲûж̫䣬Ծɸ档
˷˴һ̫õȼˡ
˼ջĿ⣬һ̫ȥ
վǽ̫˵ģ̫ڹвûж˵ˣ빬꣬ʹ˶һǰг¼˻˵ȳ¼ҵԺ󣬾ֻʣ˹˼
̫˵һյĻ˲橳
ձһó㰮ԵĲˣǶҲ˵˵˼˵
˷ЦӦ¡
̲סҶռҶûʵǡ̫ˡ
̫Ҷϵƶ˲٣ʱҶ迴һۣȻȱҶŵˡҪ˭ӣͺǼ˳һ㣬Ļš
Ǽ޸̫ӣҶı仯
˵Ҷϻֹһ仯ԭǹǧʱѾǽʳҶ˺޲ýеĺöˣõĶڻʹ֮УֶҶϡ˵̫ƽոʹͣûҶϴĺá
˼ԭȻΪһһ̫Ҳ̫ࡣԥ̫׷ʹ֪ԥù˵⣬ɳ˷֮⣬ͷĶҲֻԼļױǰʧܣȥ١˵ļױҲȲҶķ⡣
ڣİջʱʱҶʱʢء
㲻ȥˣ̫˵ʲô˷ѡ
˵˼ԼĶӣҲͷ
̫ЩϺӣԥԺ˼࣬ȵӣĵλȻҲˮǴߣպҲԼĵλҡ
˷˵ΪһֵܣίҲΪͷҲ࿴һЩ
˼صôˣҿͦõġ
ȻһЩһŮҪʲôҲûĹʱĶҲ٣ԥسҲáܼ޸ԥҲȫΪԼǳŮϱĽҶкĿɽ⿿ɽģҲûʲôġ
ˣɲٽһӣ
ӣ˷ɫ΢䣺Ҫʲô
˼ճҪӵĵطأƽܲ˿ȥθܴɵģ˵ˣҲԥõȻҲܲ
˼ⰮŸ磬ԴöҪãеģҲ١ֻԥԥĹܼȨϣⷿԿҲԥ˵ڳоӪҲҪӣ˼ִ֪磬ҲͲΪ
һ˷˱Ӧˡ
Ҳɺϣǻȥʱײ˹ԥ̸µĳ
һţ󣬳ԥһȥ鷿̸񡣽̫׷ʹҲùԥɫ̫ÿ۵Ҳƣ
˼˷˵л˵˵ţ㵽˹ϡ
ǲʲôҲ֪Ķ˼صүܰҵ£ԵڳеλãҲһĳɡ
˼˶ϦദҲûв
˷֪ͺãɱ˵ȥ
˼۾һæʣʲô
˷ԥǵ²˵ܸ㣬ڳв˶ָʾ»һʮ
˷˴̣ʱ򣬾ǶҲȥ硣
˼
ذ֣˻ʹ֮⣬ȫĵط¾Ƕˡĵطȥ磬ǵǶ֣
˼ע⵽лһ䣬ղ˵ʱأѵˣ
ֵµЩ˲ܰϣҲ֪˷ȷǲǰҲҪȻôԥ㿴أ
˷⻰˵Ŀϡ
˼룬Ҳ֪ǰĳΪûԥ֡ǰԥˣ˵ԥҲܣҲܸùһЩֻǣܽԺ֮д
˵ǰ֪ԼǺǧȴҲû϶ٺӡһ֪࣬ȥ˳ףһ㣬ﶼ˵ؽ˻ȥ˷˻һ֤һὫӻȥӡֻϧϱһպǧĺҲûܵصһһۣͻصǰԼҶŮʱ
ЩҲҪˡ
ѾûԼݣȻ̫Ҷ账ԥ鷳ЩڣԥȻҲܣҲǰǰǡ
ԥķ粨ȥ֮Ҫȥ볤ú˵˵ó飬ǽԥԺЩ˶ߣֻһ㹻ˣ

ҹͷҶ迿ϣһ㣬˵˼շ顣ȥ˻ʺ󣬻˲ٹѡ˾Ҫõĸӡ
һֱţʱӦͼֱᵽʱſʵһھںʱУ
պ󡣡Ҷͷ£
ӵ裬ֵһˡ
Ҫ׼ˣ
ǵʱˡ
ҶݸǰҲҵķ֮¡


 144 

ǰҵ˲֤, ټԭ׼õһ, ׼ʱ, һڣԥЩмܲס
ԥԭʮ㣬ֻһжԼ֮Сλ, Ѿ˳вԼȥ, ɹ˲ٳԭȵĴ, ЩǷ, Ѿϣֻһͷ, ĿֻΪ˽˲켺Լļƻ
ֱ̫ӺȻóһ֤ݣӴ֮˳ 
֤ϸȥ̫ó֤, 뷮һ, ˻ӡ
˳ԩ֮, εĹԱ֮лвԩ, ͬҲвٵǣеĹԱȴ˹ȥ, Щ֤һó, òٱڴĹԱ˳Ҳò˱˽ȥ
ԥҡ
ΪЩ±ؽȥ֮У඼, ƫƫ֤ȷ䣬Ҳ޷ֻ̳ҧŻİӱɿش꣬Ҳʧȥ˲ٲ¡
Щֹ
Ϊ˿ջԥֶ룬һһδ̫ȻҲвǿֶΡЩû˲ȻҲͽ˹ȥպ˭֪ƫƫ̫ӷˡ
ӽЩһһҷ˳ڵϣ˶֪
ʵ۸Ϊ󶯸λЩ˹ȥһŽ̫ҽ֮󣬸ֱԴ𣬺˺üȥҩ
ʵ޵֮⣬ԥڼӲĴʯϣʢģͷȵϣԥǰѾˮҲˮʪ̫Ŀбӵؿǰûлʵ۷˭ҲҶʲô
֨ѽһ񻨵ľűƿ
ԥæ̧ͷȥ̫ҽҩ˳߻ܹ̫߹æʣ߹ϵˣ
߹ԥ£˵˽ղǻȥɡ
߹ţǻҪͷ߹˵һ
߹̾һҲûж˵ʲôת˻ȥ
вˣʵڴϣʺԱ߶ҩιҩҶҲˣæ˹ʱߡ
߹߽ʵۿһۣʣ棿
ػϣԥһֱš
ţǾŰɡʵһ䣬־춯صؿ԰׵ϸĺ󡣻ʺæҩݸԱߵҶ裬Ϊ˳
ƽʺ½ҩӹһһ׸ιҩ
ӵ߹û˸ߣ
߹æ̫ӵ£ūȰˣԥ²˵Ҫۼϲſߡ
Щ飬Ӷǹ˼棬ǻʣ߷߲ƽصƽ̫ãжࣿж಻ףãŴҶæŲ黧İʱȻжôֽšʶˣ֪ˣҪ֪ˣȥˣΪЩ鱻ˣӲ𷣣򸸻飡
ӵ˵䡣
ôͲ˵ˣǲƣƽ̰һЩȻҲǴٻ£ЩС£ûʲô캦Ĵ£ǱԥãæҲĽ֮½ȴ˽ô࣬ҪǱˣҲ֪жٴ˱ԩ֪жҪأҾ䣬ôˣ
ˡʺֹ˵ˡ
Ųĵر졣
ǱˣҲûţ̫ӼüŪۣʾ⡣
ƿĿ⣬ᣬֻվȥȰߡ
Ҷ豾ϣͷһ̧ۣĽŲ˻ȥ
ҿ˿Այʵǰƽ﷢Ȥ˵ʵ۸ˡ
֨ѽһٴδ򿪡
ԥ̧ͷӣϵϲɫʱʧ
һһߵǰǰվһ±ԥһ˲ԥӵվ
̫ѵ游ʴģԥޱصܵЦ
ӣ㣬ʽղ㣬ս˫ȶˣҲ࿴һۡ
̫ӡ
Īǻڵ̫飿ӵ
ԥɫ΢䣺̫⻰ʲô˼
Ӳ
󹬹ɻʺ̫󱲷ߣλҲڻʺ֮ϣֹؼʱ֣ǻʺҪǿӲֶΣ̫ҲΣü̫޹ĳ룬Ҳֻ֮𼸾ˡ
˵ʵѾ̫ǻϽ͡
ԥҧ̫ⷬоѵͲҸ߸𣿡
Ҫθµ״üµѵȥ˻ϣ㻹Ҫ˵µЩ鶼ǹŵ㲱ϱģƲѣҪ˻ˮвйԱǣ㽫´̫֮λ
ԥ˱ɫЩֻ̫һ֮ԣû֤ݡ
һҵ飬㲻ó˵гֵЩڰ㣬Ȼ֪Щʲôˣ飬ʲôۼû¡
ԥ־ֿ֡
иţÿһǶµĺۼرõĹԱ֮УжǶȥģڻʵ޹ſڣ̫˵ĶĿ֮£Ӻڣ󷽷˵˳Ƕ˵ô浱Ϊ˲µ֪͵͵Щξģ
̫ⷬ˼ԥǿװ򶨵̫ƾ޾ݣſھԩˣǷЩף
ӣյҪΪԼ飬׿ڽЩܼ˵Ķ̹ҪȻȵֵһգԾҲ
ԥ˿ڣ˵ԥ󣬾ֱתͷ뿪ҲΪԼ飬ӰæȻҪæȥЩ¡
ʵۺҩҲЩãƤţ˯һûһ˵ӻǿҪ
ӿ첽߹ȥ
ԥأ
ѾȰȥˡ
ʵЦһ˱ۣʧ
ץ̫ӵַ֣Ը˼顣ǽˣɳȴûȶԥв̫֣Ҫʵ鷳ĺܡ
ʵ۵岻ãֱԼѾ̫Ӱæ̫Ѿ볯ð¶꣬ƽҲʱ㽫йӹȥľ̫ףֶҲһȥ֣Ӧ£ŷĵۣ˯˹ȥ
ʵЪ£˱㶼ŵ˳ȥ
صӲóһƪ£ҶС
»ؾƪ
Ҷӹͷһۣȷʱеľزס
дþȻǻһĴ£ȴ£òдھϣȻдҲޣͨտҲһ֪飬ֻ߷߲ƽЩ֪ˣȴ׵µİӿҲֹˣϣֱìͷָԥԥнôˮµĶôָֻ࣬˵ԥ˭ˣ˵һԥɶ
Ҫ׼ȷҶ֪飬ƪ£Ҳ´ͷβؾᣬΨһĿıԥ
Ͽ²ӦҶɵصЩʱգѾ˲ٹԥϢѾԥвƪǷ̫̫ˣ
㾩ŴɽҲҵ¡
Ͻ½ң֮ҶȻҲҪֻҪû⣬ʲô취Ҳ׷˵ȹգԥ飬ŹԥӵαҪôᣬأպܳĻᡣ
˵ǲԥҵľģܰ볤Ƴ
üĿºͣ裬һұҪһĿ࣬ȫµ˶Ը
Ҷһֳ˳
Żȣֻһ뵽̫ӿǸµֶЩ 
Լ侲˵µƪ£мҪ޸ġ


 145 

ڷ, ޸ĺҲ档
˲֪, һб仯, ǵ˶֪һȻò˵Ŀⶼ˻ԥϡ
ھֵط·һ, ˵б볯λմ״ʣ˵й´µǡЩʱ, ھǰ¹, Ѿزеı, һиע⵽ԥ
ͨ˵һؽӴִ, Դ۷׷ף¥֮УҲ̸۷绨ѩ£ڱտ˵ıǽշĴ¡һǣôԱ, ô˵Ǩְ, Ҳҵ۾
ô, ԥȻҲ֪ˡ
͵ԥ, ۿ£ԥ־ֿ, ֱӴ˱յ
˼, ķӦһæүôˣ
ԥ, žҵţ˵
˼Ѿӹſ¡
дޣ֪ģҲܿ˼¿˵һƪ£үαطϡ
һƪ£ԥָž֪ƪ˭дã
⾩̫ģѵдģ
ԥЦһ̫ͬ鷿꣬ʲôģһ۾ϳƪ̫дģصصھϣȫǵ˶ܿΪ˻ҲǸս飬صƱ
˼Ծûϣ̫үүѵ̫үҵæ̫ȵùүأ
ԥ
ͷ˹˼һۣ֪ԼԴտգҲֻΪ£Ȣ׶˼ⷬҲǲš
ɹ˼㣬ע⵽Щ飬˽ҲһΣѾʧܣ˽µĶ¶ʵۻ˺ܴĻҲǻδ̫ȻҪλὫ򵹣޷ܣЩѵ˼
ԥʧٿ˼ںģһֳ˳
Ϊ˳еЩҪȢһ
ԥ룬ʣʲôõ⣿
ǰ͹飬ȷǹ˼ѣԥţع˼Ҳһ
ɹ˼ȴΡ
֪ģҲǰԺʱֻƬ֪ôܼࣿǵû͹Ѿܲˣ
ԥ죬ŵ⾩ҿЩʵǴ治̫棬Ҷ⾩ȻҲ첻ȥˡүⲻһѱǾûˣպв
ἰ̫ԥɫ
˵̫棬̫涼šʺѳֺ󹬣űܼˡҪȻȥ̫ʩѹ
ƫƫʵ۲ԴϢҲϾ˼Щʺ̫֣ѺǰУ˵̫ãֵµ˶
ǻأ
ԥЩͷؿһۣܼϣ̫ԼЩ벻Ĵ㣬ζԸ̫ӣҪ˵ףʩĻ̫ӣû̫׼ôҿЩ¡
˼ڨڨֻһլˣᶮ֮¡үȥҵ
ԥ
ԥһ˦
˼æסүղ𣿡
ȥԥ֣ߣǷȴǳȥҳȥԺŮȥˡ
˼жίͷԼĶӣƽ̹ȴһ㶯ҲûС˼ҧҧ߷߽Ѿߣҳȥ 
»ԥܲЩطίԼ


¾ɫҲʮѿ
˷С̺ԱߣŲһ裬ȥɫûлͶ١
ƺΣ𣿡˷ʣǲǰ̫̫ӵ²ʲô
ԥ˵ˣǰµʱ򣬵ȷǲСģԼ̫ӷʲô̫Ҳû׷鵽ֻҪպСһЩȻҲ⡣Ҫģԥ
˷˽ӹ֮Ҳ̲סһ
Ҷ边Ȼ󵨣
Ҷ裿Цһ̫ӵ⡣
⾩
ϲ񽻸̫ӣ̫ӶҪץסλᡣ񾩳˶ƼݾѾˣƪ£ǵ̫ԥҲھǡԥ̫ץס˰ѱ̫ҪԸԥԥѱ
˷ţƮƮľЩûȡ
һֵתͷ˼ǡ
ԥˣҲܱ¶ǡ䣺ܱסԼȻòǲСҲͷһˡ
˷˵һ
ǣȷͷһˡ
ʮǰҲ鷿֮Уͬ顣
زͬ
أ˷ż׷ʣԥԥʲô£ô죿
ҵȻ֪վҷŲ˵ˣԥܶһ٣ȻҲ£úԥպҲлʺ󡣡
һһûأ
˷˶ĻôҲʲڡ
һԥʧˣǹ˼ԥȻֲʲôá˷˼޸ô꣬ҲʲôӣڳУ˼Ҫġ
ΪӱһŮҲʲô⡣
˷˳ȥŲᶨɡֻҪһ뵽ԥʧƺ󣬹˼е³ǰһڣæסԱߵӡ
ΨһŮ
ʲôȻ˻
ĿؿŹ˷ˣأɱٱʲôС
˷һ䣬δӦѾܵصͷӦ¡㱴ʮǰľ֮лعʱ鷿յģҲֻһ˵Ӱ

Ҷž˹Ҷ˵ǰųһ
̲ס̫Ҳʵ̫һЩ
̫ףҲʮֵ׼Ҷ㻹̫𣿡
һֱ̫ӣϵʱһ
֪̫ԥԸҶҲ֡붨ʱʥϣǻŽ⵹ֻʵ۵ϻλÿѾˡ̫ϵõֵܲűȽټԥҲֻǿ˭ֶθܿܶѡ
ͷһؼˣҶȴͷһؾҶ̲סġ
ôһ£Ҷ˵ԥҿô̫ӸǻԳ
˵ƪ֮Уȷһ󲿷ԥ˵£Ҷ˶񣬴ֻƬ֮УҲӵĿġԥЩģԥһҲûᣬΨ˳
Ҷ˺Ѳ롣
Ҷ轫˻ˣȵ˶߹ˣпյģѹҶ˵ӵĻɡ
һƽصúãԥ˲飬׷Ҳû׷ͷ׷Դͷ˺ܾá
Ҷ˾֮ҡҡͷڳӦ֪Ĺǡ
ΪڳҲ֡Ҷڳʮ꣬ʮ֮УȴһҲûв̫аգҲĻɡҶ˹ȥǳֵµЩҳ֮ǰͲغˣ
Ҷ˼
ɴǰʲôģӦҲ֪ģȷɵǰ˼ȴ˥оλӹû義ңҲĳֹ˼֮󣬲Ž˼ĳ͵͵ôҶ˵ֻ˵λҲڵʥϵǻ֮󣬲չ
Ҷ˵ҲЩп
ʱϷʱıǹ˼ҴǰĻԻͣԼ˥䣬Ҳۼźҫ࣬ʱҲŷͼǿ
Ҳˣǰݳġһһǳʲô
ҪȨȱһɡҶָԥ볤ڳôಿŶܲһţԥģЩ
Ƿ֪ʲô
ҶΣô֪ʲôֶεȷҪȻҲҪ˵ʥϵǻ֮ǰʱҲᣬûֶΡ
ܷҶ˵˵
Ҷ˻
Щ¶ȥôˣҲЩס 
ʵľף˵ô飬ҶҲٶᡣҪ˵ҶҲûʲôܶĵط
Ҫ˵ʱĴȴȳҪЩ˼볤ڣоλЩǣɵ׻Ǿң档֮ĸ˫ۡ˥䣬ֻʣ¼źҲΪˣűһƴһǰ붨ȣԵʮֲۡ
Ҷʱδע⵽Ҫ˵Ҳ˵̫Ļ
Ҫ˵ǳɻ֮󡣡Ҷ˺ȻЩ̫棬ɹ˷˵ĸԭھҲԺգֻ˥
Ҷ룬ҲҡҡͷҲǹ˷ˡ 
Ҳ֪ˡҶ˵ǰȱˣ£ͬ⣬˵Ҳ֪ǺģϺҲûͿ˳
Ҷ˼
ڵţŲ߽ĸŮҲͲЩŵ˵õĻۼɫˣҶ˲빬
Ȼص֮ͬЩ˵˶
Ҷ˲ԭȳһҲۣԭʱͲصôˣʵû뵽ЩȻֶγز¶
ЩӣҲӲæ
˼ص˵ۣЩԡ
ʲô
˼أһδɻ֮ǰѾǷ˲ĻҲٻء
ҶĿ¶󣺡ʱ£ôδ
տڲ
˵ֻǻû˵
ǻǸСӣȻǰŵʥ£ɻʵǻҲӰ֮£˵Ӷ̫ùǰ¶һ档
û˵Ҳˡ
ǳʹӵԭɻš˼һףҺûӦûϣǵ
˼һ˵ʱĻЩɽ¶ˮٶȴû˰Ҳ˵ȥһ֮޷óôĲŶ֣ҲͶ˭õ˭Я
Ͷ˭ôģ˻ϣҲֻ̫ˡ
˶˶٣뵽һˣͬʱҡҡͷ
֮С
ҲյضҶ˵裬˵ڳоӪ꣬˵ʮҲв٣˭ܱһҪ
ҶЩȷصϣ
ӣ
˵ʲôҶȸĿڣ˻֮⣬˭ܱȵùǶأ
ʵҲ˵̫Ҳǰ׵ġ
ϸһĵϸȴʵڲ鲻ֵµЩӺζԺ̣ôܹɫõ֣˵лϳǺ˭
ءҶ˵
ӻȻתͷ
ҶɫƽصȻѾȥԶʥϵǻ֮ǰʢʱȨ죬ӸãʱֵôˣеϳжΪЧҹ췴ĵʣҲЪ˼Ǹʱ˭֪ж˲أ
ҶҲ֪Լ뷨档ϸ룬ȴҲûе
ڻʵ̫ӵƤ£ӵãԳһ֮쿪ǳе֮ǰʹڣǸʱ򣬻ʵףʽ΢ƾʲôģ
Щ˱ɲ
Ҷ뷨ֻһ׽ס֮ȴԽԽľ
̫ĸȴԥʮݣԥǳ¹ĶӣȻܡɹ˼ŷ̫ȥܲҲǿԥϡΪԥã͸ԥȢ˼ˡ
ԥҪ£ɳʲôֵԥ̫󶼶ĵĵط
ȻֻҵĲ²ѡ²֣һ鵱顣
Ҷ軹뵽ࡣ
Ҷûж
꽫ӹߣɽϣҶ񵽣շת˺ǧģľɲ
ֱ֮ҲûҶиӣһʱҲ֪
ߣ׽

 146 

Ȼƾն, ûи, ӻǴ, ǰ˲顣
ʱѾȥ̫ãƹʧܣ൳͵ط, Ѫһأˢˢɾ֮, ˭Ҳ, ʮȥ, Ҳ顣
Ҫӻ˲ٹ
Ѿ, иѾû˾סźҲȫܹˡδһӰŮƹº, ʵҲ, Ҫѡ
ܲסЩ֪, 
·ȥ֮, ԥȻͲס̫ƪ, Ȱ, Ҳܺһ㷴Ӧ˵ǰදѾԼ˲鷳ܵøԼɨƽβ͡
ԥһ, ҲҪǣ
ԥѾһԥҪʲôþ֡
ӿ⳯еЩϳ׷ĹԱɲ٣ﰵͶϣЩ֮УееļʱͶϣ񻹲صúúõģûκ˷ɲʱȻҲ֡һ󣬳вϳҲԳеЩĪӰ죬жʱȻҲǰǰˮ©
ڳоӪ꣬ʵ۽ʮҲδûʵʧ˵֮󣬽ɵһӻʵ۵ľ飬ֵѾۼһˡʱЩϳȻҳ
ȥһΡ
ʱ֮УŲΪӶץĹԱЩѾ˹ְֻ󴦾شУѾ־
ץ˼˳ʣ˲֤ݣʱЩ˵ǰȴҲûЩϳɫ
ɷˣһߡ
˲ʱ򣬵صʱַǡҶȵù˽һֱŵĲ˶
˱ϲȴӵһþơ
Ҷϸɫɫ֪ǺϢ̫ɫƣ̫ǰľյеصˣ
ȷǴ˲١Ӷյһڣüģպķ񣬿ɻЩСƱİ棬Ҳ񡣡ʱȥҹ
Ҷ׼ʱ׶Ҳס
µһ£ʵȴһ¡ԼʮĵطҲԸһ룬ȴЩʱգҪԼ´ˡ̫ȴǸһ϶Ĵ𰸡
ȥҹ˿Ѿɲ֤ˡ
ɼˣΪЩˣҪģҶʣѾȥȺףΪҪһ˵ĻѲɣҪ췴ɣ
Цⲻǻԥ𣿡
Ҷ˿ڡ
ڳΪҪ֧ԥȻҲҪǷݴ֮
׶˵ԼĿģܷԥǻȻҲܵõ٣ĶҪԺգҲǱȶȴû뵽ʱҿ˵Щĳл˲õĶ
Ҷһֳ˳
ס֡
˵ӶߵɲȻЩģҲ֪Ƿ⡣
Ҷ費ԸǱ롣
׮׮ɺϣԸҲС
ξãɫӵصˣҲǷʲôˡ
֮˳
ӽӵ뻳УԼļϣҪһЩ֤ݡ
һЩ֤ݣԥһ򾡡

˷Щʱպǲ
ԥЩ̫ӵľٶУɳ⣬ʲôҲˡ
ǵģȴǳĻ
ǱƲѣֻܷԥҪԥҪͬ˼
ֻôһŮ˵ͷ̸סɳľȣҲҶʲôֻһ˸żҹҲշת˯·һۣͻصʮǰһա
һգƹʧܣϤԴ£Ѫڻʹſǰһأһ˭Ҳֲ
˷˺üյجΣһתۣЩûԴʬ׾ͳ˹˼ġεЩ˯ȣЩ޷Ůڶβ
˼ʱʲôһӦ
˼ִеһӣиˣϲ̵صǳȥҸΰɣ
˷ʲôͬģȵ̣˶ΣŹ˼ӣԼǮ
βֻ޲ý˼ҪĶֲЩ
ȺӻƽЩʱƹкһҶˣ 
˷תͷȥҶ˵߶ϡ
ҶûཫϣֻƹҪĶˣ
ˣˡƹæӹ̨óһӣСҶصؽģһҲҵҶǲҪӣ
˷ýӴʱҲĶ
һ»ͷ棬ϾǺöһǾɹءǾ֮ọ̃СóĶҲһ㣬صǹ˷ҲҪһ
ҶȴǿĿ¶⣬赭д͵ȥǸ̫񣬶СЩɱˡ
Ҷ˷ģĻס
ԻԱ˵Ķ䣬˼ٵͷԼΣŻʮϲģȴЩˡ
˷˵ҪӡĿҶˣֻҶͳһƱǺһҲ֪жӣȴֻһͷļǮ
ʥ裬֪ж⣬ǰҶʱһ֮ģȴǻδж֪Լ
˷ҶͷҲصˣһҲûж࿴
˷ջߣȴǸӻɬ
Ҷ˵ĸ󣬶ڹʱȽϣҪҶһͷòҶԸʷμ޸Ǹ仧Ϊ֮ΪӸǰس˵мӣҲſ̣µк¶ϡ
ǵƹɹˣﻹжĻԻ͡
˼Ա߽һ
˷˻ع
ǸͷԱȣٿ˼ۡ
Ů񣬴ҪҶѹһͷǼˣҲҪҶѹͷŮѾˣȴڹԥʧˣҪԥۡ
뵽Į˷ҧҧƹģõó
˼ϲؿ⡭̫ˣѾ˲ˡ
˷֣ЩʲôЩӣҪ
Ź˼ЦбȴΣҪ˵ڣȴ˻ȥ
˵ԥأ
˷˵᣺㻹ҪʲôѵһˣҪʲôﶼ㡣


 147 

˷˽ջ˴, Թ˼Ӧ, ǹ˼Ҫ, ԶͷӦʡǮʱδʲôȵظ֮󣬼˳ɫ, ʶչֿš
һĺ˷˱˰, Ź˼, Ǵŵ, ԳĲ˳պ»Ҫԥ, ʲôҲˣֻܶ໨ӣһЩ, Ҳֲ
һĿ, Ҫֲ, ΪҪ߸еĹˣ
ΨһŮ, ЩҲ֮е£Ҵҵ, ҲȱһЩӡ˷˵ֻһŮ, Ϊ໨һкβɣѵ㶼ҪС
ǻƽʱȻƽϣʱֽ, Ҫӣѵ㲻Сؼ֮ҿѾԥѾ޸ԥһĸȴҲ֪£ҪҽӼá
ͻС
ѾǼ˵ĹҲҪֻҪúôţҺԥңѾҡôĹ£Ѿܷϲæ˵ԭǽ𱨣ûˣܰ϶æ˵ǰ£ЩӣϲԸ˰ɡ
˷һ𾩱òˡѾôίˣ㻹ҶȽϣҶռݡ
㱳СҶҲúôڹĹǧ𡣡ģˣŮˣΪ˭죿ҲҺû׷鵽ǺҪȻѵ㻹Ϊ
˷һ䣬ʱһ仰Ҳ˵
ֻ˵
˰֣ҪΪãͱ೤Щֻҡ
ԥʧҲҪǣҪʲôүΪã͸ýס˷̲ס˵ǾһŮѵүһҲ
ȣֻһܱסкβɣ
˷˻˵ʲôɳȴ˵ܿת뿪˷˳ĬһãȴҲֻǳ̾һ
Ҳ˵ʲôĻ
ǳ׷ƹɲ鱻Ǳ˵ǹ˼ֻ·һ෴ԥˣЩʱƲϵֻʮǰǰݳţպ󻹶ܹĻᡣ
˷һ˾á
֪ôģҶˡҶ˸̫һ񣬳ֱһ׹صֵǵͷ棬˵ֻҪǮҪӵôҲף˵ҶͳʱҲգҪȨƣҲеǡ
ôôõ顣ȨǮƣòܣŮδ;ôࡣ
ǵٺһЩ

ڻʵ۲֮ǰʱ䣬֪ԼĻᣬһҲҷɡ
˶ųҲųеÿһ仯
һжӱ֪ˡ
Ҷ˵𣬻мֿϷζ
ǳҲ֪ԥ˴ζȻûг㿪ʼ뷽跨ԥƲϵˡ˵Ҳ֪ԥ֪Լѣл롣
Ҷɫӣ˼ҵĹﲻԥ
ںʮ꣬Ҷ壬˵һŮ¶壬ҲԼŮ͸ԥⷽ棬ԥǸһЩ»ΪźĹܰѳҲС
ԥõĺѾڱ￪ʼ׼֣˦ѸϵԼȫס
˵Ҳ⶯Ҳû뵽ĵϸѾһ˷ĶҲ˿УҲûڰƲܽһ򾡣ҧһëҲʧΪһϷ
ҶˣԥǸùˡ
ùҿáӵ³ߵһҲܡ
Ҫ˵ã̯ĵãռȻָݵõ󣬱ѾռƣܹһأȴҲûΪԼǵҲûûΣھУҲû
֪֮㣬ȴδ֪£ӬӪ֮ˣүƫҲֻ
Ҷ̾һŹ˼µ˵ٶҲǷ˼ķͬʲô
Ҷ赭صЩʱ֣ΪԥҲԶЩʲô
ǷֵˣҲԹȥԥˡ˵ʲôɲģ˵ҪΪ㲻⡣
ҶӦһҲͲЩ

˼յĿҲʱʱޡ
ԥ˳ҪʲôԸδ˴󷽹бˡɻԥԥΪõķңҲûкɫʹҲС
˼ʮֲˣȴҲûа취
Ż̫ĻջԥĺӣӣȻԥġֻڴ֮ǰȴҪ뷽跨ԥ࿴
վǳŹ˼˽Ķ͵ԼУתͷʸеĹܼңүأ
ү鷿͡
˼۾һҵˣ
СҲ֪
˼ȥ
ܼұţҲסֻɹ˼ȥ鷿Ѱˡ
鷿һҲûУţŴգ˼֣ãү𣿡
沢δӦҲ֪˶ã˼Ҫһصʱ鷿źȻ汻˴򿪣ԥɫƵسǰ
˼һ䣬е
ү
ʲô
˼̵ҳ֮󣬼һ弫Ϊʺүص͸ү
˵ţͳǿݸԥ۵صүϲ
ԥֻ䵭ؿһۣܿƿߡЩʱգԹ˼̬һֱ̫ã˼뵽鷳ͷϣҲͲԣˣյԥȴջҪ䵭٣ĿҲǱ䡣 
үôˣ
㵹ȥʲô¡ԥݺݵһۣͷ˽ȥ
˼æ˽ȥҵôˣ
鷿ͷҵĺܣȥǱ˺ݺݷйһŭ㵹żϵĶҲȫˤڵϣеĴǱһƬ˼СرܿϵЩԥߣԥԽǲԽľ
鷿ΨһõҲҳһţһݾҲЩԥʮֲ¡ЩʱգķȫˣǵİնԥĲǡ
ԥӺ£ù˼Ҳǰ
ܣӵصү
ԥƿߣһ۶öࡣ
ү㷽˵ҵôˣ˼Сʣǲҵڳʲô飬ү鷳ˣүҪϣҵ»һ
»أԥЦһ»ؾ϶ͷ̨ˣ
ʲô
㻹֪ʲôԥ˵ۿҾҪ򻧲İӶǣ̷ˣ뽫鶼ƵͷϣֻʲôҲûãһ
ԥҧгݡ
ҲǲţΨһŮ֮У˵񻹲˵ǵ󣬻֪Σô;һˣǺúһ˵ܱܹ˴νѡɳã黹δнۣϸŷˣ
̫԰֤͵ǰҲţ̫ӵ䣬ɻһȴǧȷȻ汳Щ
ԥŭɶ񿴹˼ҲǨŭĺ⡣
Ψ˼ţҵôܻүһʲôطŪˡ
ԲôǱˣȻҲù㻹ŮȻҲǺġԥ޺޵ʱȥôͶŮôµ˺֣
ҡ˼ʶصҵӦôҡ
ԥЦô飬Ҳĺ 
ҪƵһͷϣѵͲ
Ҫ֪˺ôã֪Էٵϸһɲó޷Ļᡣ
˼˵ֻѹ˼˳ȥ˼㱣Ҳû
صԼԺУŻоѹЩһ飬ʱɫɷס
ô
ôԥַˣ
ԥ鷳֪ġ֮Ҳûм򵥵飬鷳鷳ȥ˲ͺˣôܺԥַأ
ڱﺦԥ
ѵԥˣȻԥ͵Ϻϱһ·
һ뵽ǰԥ̨֮֮йЩӣ˼ǰһڣҡҡ׹ϱӣֻңǸģⱲӣǻҪңοԥԥ϶ҪǨŭкܹ
һ⡣
ô᲻˵ϣҲԥǡϱӵԥʧˣɳһֱúõģ
أ
˼ĪĿֻ֮С
δЩ飬ѵķˣ
ԥҪʧһأô죿
ϱ֪ܵԼǳǧȥҺ˵ûüϻغصǰⱲأһ


 148 

Ҫ˵֪ԼǺǧ, Թ˼˵, Ҳһ⡣
ʱѾʮֶʢ, Ҷ衭ϱӣӦǳ衣Ѿھһϯ֮, ̫мӣеҷ˶, ĸҲˮǴ, Ƿ⡣
˼ǰֻӱǶ˵Ҷ֮, жĽ֮йԽ, ԽӣԽĽ˾صҶ衣Ҳϵ³һǺǧ, һũ֮Ů, ܷһȽϡ
ֱҶĸز, ҩʯҽ, β֮ǰ, Ž͸¶
ԭũŮ, һŴС㡣˼Ӵģȥ֮󣬱㿪ʼԼĸ˭
Ҳʱ, ǿźӹԽԽã˷ҲԽԽ⣬͵˺ǧûס˵˳˷æȥѰԼŮŴ˿У鵽ҶҴҶ
ҶϳУ˵
ȥ˳̤ǸϴʱΨԼĵ᲻Լ˵󣬹˷˺ܿ㱧һȻ˳
Ҳʮϣ̬ʮֺƣܳ
ڵ֪Լ֮ǰ˵˵Ҷʱһ˵ġҶ߹󣬼޵ֺãһ˳ĵҲ谮мӡ󣬳ƣ˷ᣬũֻ̫࣬Сգ˼ƮƮȻ
뵽Ҷ衣ôĽҶ裬ҶġҲڻһԼ׵ϾͿԱӻغҪĸӡ˷볤ã˵ԼĹ֮󣬵֪ԥңҲδ˵ʲôãֻ˵ȥϼգؼҡ
ûнʳٻ󡣶ԺҲϳףԸԳԼҪ
Ϊλأ
ϱӣҶôãҲãΪʲôⱲӣȴľ飿
˼벻ףȴʮֻ̿֡
ʮԼû˳֧֣ԥܷӮ̫ӣ³á
ֻΪҪϺӣò˺ǧ𣬵ԥôĽô˵û˾ûˣһʲô壿
˼סԺ飬Աֱӻ˳Ҫ볤˵
ֻãȥʱ򣬳ڸУֻй˷ڡ
˼Ҳûпֱӱ˳֪֪ʲô
ôˣ
ү˵үˣǲģ˼ŵʣԭȲںүĺΪҪȻүأǲ𣿡
˷ʣʶƿĿ⡣
ڹ˼˵ȴҲˡ
ŵؿŹ˷ˣ·ǵһϵһ㣺Ҳˣ
⡣˷Ҳ֪̫ӲܷŹԥʲôҲǺ·һ
ǾͲҪˣ˼ֵصǱȫ˺ңԺүôңһŮҪҳʲô£һҲʣˡ
ҲЩ
˼ɴ۾ֻ˷СǲǵˣͱﻹЩȥһ
˼һЩȥ
ĵ׵ﾹȻһҲ飬ǵĺ·źˣԸһԸⱣȫ
ȰҼ޸ԥģŵ˵˵үû£ǳ£ôܲң㲻˵һʮôӮ̫ˣ
˷æȰ黹δн˵ԥӮˣҲû¶ء
û¶ģֺαҪү
ȵȡ˷˺ȻعǴ֪˴£
˼ЦؿȻү׿˵ЩѵΪү֪𣿡
ʲô˷ɫ䡣
վһʱҲ˲ù˼⣬׷ʵԥô֪飿Σܻԥֲǡ
ˣ˲֪𣿡˼ŭ⣺ү˵һ治֪ɶ񣡡
˼ʧ
ĵôӣ
֮еĳ˷ˣҶ趼ǼãϱӼʱҲδԥңãⱲӾȻ׵رҲ
ôأ
㲻˷˻ŵ˵ԥ֪ˣǺˣ֮ǵýԥȰסĪҪ嶯
˼ȴᡣѾӣĶ͸ˣǣ϶˷һȰ
ͷҲأŭشѾ뿪
˷ǿȥл
ȳһ˵˹˼Ϣ
üͷ𣺡ԥΪλ֪
ĿɵسŹ˷˿ȥ
˷æҡͷϣҵʲôҲûҲҶʲôֻ»ļƻֻСģҲֻǸն֣ʲôûжԥôܹᷢ˵Ƕ֪¡
üͷ˼֮С
˷Сؿ
ô֪Щ
ԥģ»֪ǵĴˡ˷˵ָԼĶӣϾΨһŮǲǡ
˵ģ
ʲô
ɺ԰ĪҪţѵʲôҲû˵
˷һҭһʱҲˡ
һۣ˼Ƭ̺󣬵ˡ
Ǳߡ
ģд㡣
˷˳һ
˵ǱԸȹ˼ɣ

Ҷڶ֮У˵ǰ
ǳڰһЩС̫Ӹ״浽ԥǰԥ֪֮ԥҲʼͷԳ֡
ҧһë
ֻص裬˵ԥȱǳȱԥҷ
Ҷε˵յµ˼Ȼǽһ򾡡
ӸЦҿҲҶֻ֣Ƕ˻ҾͿ֮
ҪúãҪϽͣյĸ󣬸ҡ


 149 

˼뿪֮, һʱǲ֪ȥĶ
ô, ɺ, ԥҲҪǨŭȥ, ȻҲȥĵط 
ɫȥһ¥, ˲ˮ, ż֮֮, ǿʼȥ˼շ顣
Ǿоֻš
Ǻ, УֵǮòܹһأôܾûȷ, Ҫͷ, ҲԸⱻۡ
ȥģ
ܸʲô
Ǹԥȥ, Ǳԥ, ҪĽ˵ﶼѾһɹ˼ȥ, ȴôҲ벻
Ȼ, 뵽Ҷ衣
ⱲӵҶ裬ǰҶ衣
ҶȻǰҲû, ͱ继ʱǻѣҶǳ誵ķˣȻҲѲˡҺȻȹѣȻǳҶУӦҲʲôûɣ
˼ʱʱҪԥ𾩱ԥ˵̫Ǹö֮ٲԸϣԼҪÿھ׷ŶǷŽͷ
˼ԥֻ뵽ĳͶԥһҧ¶˾ġ
ΪԼһЩɲܱۣ

֮зƹܣ˶սսԴΨֻᲨԼ
̫µˮ©ԥ볤ֶҲЩٷϳıҲվԹ۳жǼ̫ԥıֶƵۿԥ볤ڶ
ɵǿˡ
ǧ޵ԥԭȺ޼䣬ɲ֪ôģȴȻĿ
ʵҲֻ͵͵ȴԸС̯ϣԥܿ˶Ƽﻢ¡
ԥǱߣҲͬˡ
ԥҪ賤еԭҪ棬ٴã˽£Ҳ͵͵һЩ£̫ͬӰڵϣ˶Ц
һ̫ӣһԥлŲܼ˵׻ǳȵͷæȥԥ
ܾˣ̫֮ӸɺһЩԥҲ뷨˽뷨Ȼڶٱ˵ͣһԸӡ
ڣҲæµ˲١
ҶŻʺ񣬰ʱڶ֮͵飬żˡԥʱ򣬻ǳһ
ŹŮҶ費ֱ塣
ҵģŵһ飺ԥң
̫ԥء
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣˵æţͣȥɡ
Ů£ûһֻˡԥ˵£ţȵпռΪֹ
Ҷϡ档˼ģ˵̫ԥĹϵÿؼ棬ɫûС
е飬˽ɡ
˼ȻĺܼȣҲü󣬵ȵǰ񣬾һü˳Ŀѵù˳ģ
Ҷкյһڣصؽңȥ̫кҪ£
ҡ˼ԥؿһΧˡ
ע⵽Ҷ΢΢ף˻ˣֻ¼Ů˼̣Ҳûٶ˵ʲôãмУҲ͵̹˵ˣæġ
æҶ趯һ٣ЩеıյûȣΪԼˣͷһ۴Ҳͬ𾪣Ŷ˶񣬵ҿûʲôܰĵط
˼ż˵ǵģȥҲֻæˡ
ԥ⻰˵ĲԣѴȥѰԥҲȥѰٲãлԸΪԥıߡҶЦص²ˣǶʲôϵ
˼ҧҧҲЩѿһֱҶԣȴòͷȣЩûҪ
ΪǶ˵ĹϵҲҪѰæ˼˵Ը̫Ӱ⵹ԥأ
Ҷ裺
ɵ´˹˼һǵһϵֻǲǽԼ۾ʲôëŽ˿˹˼
ԥĲǽչ˼˭ԴȻ˵Ļ
˵ģ˼߳ŭ£
ҶصҰæԸԥ
û
˼һŵҵԥҪˣҿɲôװԸģ̫ܾܲһ

Ҷͷ봻һۣҲӴпãȻ
ΪҪ㣿Ҷ˵ЩҲӦ֪оƣ̫ӶŹԥҲﲻʲôæοҶˮݣô֪㻰Ǽ٣Ҳûɰ㡣
㡭ҲƲңҿɱеˡ˼ҧгݵصԥˣҿ͵Ļܸ㣬ѵ⻹æ
ҶĬƬ̣˵㵱֪Щ
ǡǻҵأ˼æ˵ҵˣѵ㻹֪ԥæ˭֪Ƿ̫Ӯ
ȻˣӦȥҹ˴˲ǡ
˼һȴȻ𼹱ʧǡ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪͬĵǶҶôãô
Ϊͬ˺ǧҶôãȴô
Ҳ벻ףΪúõĵ˵ͷˣһҲСѵǵŮѪףģ
ʵڲ֪ȥ˭ˡ˼૵ҵﶼȥˣһô죿
Ҷ΢΢Ŀ
˼ճĶûй˼Ů˼³֪Ҷ֪飬Ψͼȴ˷˶ľ顣
ɻǵ˷λλǧ𣬴ǧεĺã˷Ⱳеĸע˹˼ϡҲˡ
Ǹ˵ĵطҲǸطδй顣ֻˣ˼ȴԻ󣬵ȴ̶Ҳ޷㡣
ҶǵˣӦΪԼ㡣
˼ϣ̧ͷ
㲻ңӦҲʮҰﲻʲôҶ侲˵ΪԥΪǧ㣬ѵͲһƭ㣿ﶼţοһˡ
ɡǷҵġ˼ڲԵصռҵôãҪ㣬ôôͷǰǷҵģҲòңԸðҲǣ
ҶֳĬ
ҡҡͷҲ㡣

Ҳ֪ĻǼ٣ֹͷܸ̫Ӷ鷳ҶЩֵؿοô֪Ҿͻ˵㻰
ǹ˼뵽Ҷô붼ò˼顣
ѵˣǶ˿ɻǳС
˼СֹҲҪֻ̫࣬Ҫܾһͺˡ
Ҷ룬㱾ҲΣ
ǡǻֹ˼˵ǶôģһҪֱǡ
Ǿ͸ˡҶ˵ߣѵĸ𣿡
˼һҭһʱ˵
ð죬ŵǲһôôۣҲٹһӣҶҪ÷ġ
Ҫ뿪պҲҲ뿪ǣҲֻҪЩҲ˻Ụ㡣
ôУ˼еһ뿪ǣܹȥ
ӣҲõơ
ҲҪӵĵط̫ˡ˵ֻô
ǵ˺ǧ𣬵ԥݴٹ⣬ٶӶġοӻлһأ
Ҷ̾һԵҲУҲУ㵽Ҫʲô
˼룬Ȼ˵ˡ
ߣ˯ˣ

 150 

ҹ, ӻ, Ҷ轫չ˼Լ˵
˵ʱ, Դżֲ˼飬Ǵȥֻ뵽˼Ϊ, ҶȻΪ𾪡ԴҲ벻˻ȥԼĳģ
, һ䣺Ҫʲô
Ҷε˵
˼Ҫ, Ҫ׵, Ը뿪ǣȴҲۡ˵Ҫ, ԥ볤·ԭӡٸһЩԥܹϻλ֮ûн, Ҳصʺ
ôõ飿
ҶѾ, ȴֻŴǰ, ѵӻܵشǰɣ
Ȼǲܵġ
Ҫشǰ, ҲԾҪһ⣬˰ˡ
Ŀⰵ˰, ˵ǵ, Ҳղס
ȻѾԥ볤͸ģǵףҲΪԼ㡣뿪ԥ, Ҳ֮ǣĺáҶ뵽ЩҲǱȴǰһء
Цһõֺα㡣
Ҷ룬Ҳûж˵ʲô
û˹ϵоɳ𡣹˼պΣǺǻûаϵ
ǵأҶ½ȥʲô
£㽫һյ˵
ڳɻ֮ǰ̫ÿУ㳣Ҫ˵ϲ飬ȳɻ֮ˣýˣһչȥҹͷҪһ˵ҳ˵оƽȣһձвٱ仯ҶҲԸһϢ
ùţԵǰоĵģ˵ĶҲСģţҷ졣϶ѻŴһ룬й˿첽˽ӶС˵һʲô
Ҷͣ±ʣ̧ͷʲô£
˼ϵ޶ٽ֮⣬£̫Ƕ¡
̫Ҷ˵ţֵͷǰȤҲޡ
̫Ƕ飬ܲţҲȥܡɻʺ󹬹ȴǱҪһˡ
ȵڶգҶվȥʺ޹ʺ񣬱ʺ۵ڣƣ룬һҹû˯þ
еصĸôˣ
ʺͷ۵ǣһۣ㳤̾һץеصе˶ʡĸöá
Ҷͷˮ
ԱߴŮ˵Ҷ֪ԭǹ˼ȥ̫޹֮дһͨŵ̫˵ŻʺҲ̫Ǩŭ˵ԵɣʺȴǿЦá
ѹҶ˵ԥίҪ̫Ϊ
ҶȻʣԥ˵ʲôί
ʺҡͷֵֹͷ಻壬ȥ֮ԥúô
Ҷ谵룺Ͷ·ˣֻС
ԥ볤סˣ˼Ѱæϡ鶼ˣȥ̫֣Ҳûô𾪡
˵Ҫվ֮еĳһˡ

˼ֻԼ˺ôίͷֱԥѵһԥڼңҲˡ
ţ͸֪Ǻá
ҪسȥϴӲԸĵдȣΣͷⲻǰԼڵϲ
ҧҧȥֺԥ
ԥǸү˭֪˭Ӯأ㻹ԭǸ³Ǹܲӹñϱӻɣ
̫ǰ˴ԥûаɫԭٻ˼ųάűᣬ񣬱Ҳûˡԥвٳ檣Щֶͷϣ˵ԥĲҲͣļֶҲڣᣬҪڽŵ¡
˼ίȴҲ޷˵ܳҲδݹʲôϢ˵ԥԥԸȥֻܶһЩӡ
ԥæŶԸ̫ӣϾ˼
Ҳǰͳ϶ĹϵҲûа취ǰǰγҲСΨֳ䲻ڱݺԼҽе󵨽±ηηţСĽˣ̫ȴ׷ʹ
ǵڳ˺üݺ̫ӸǽǰʱĲȫ˳˶֪˵һƲ̫һж̱ھϣ䣬ԥĸ洫ҲԽԽ࣬ԥѹĴ
ֱ볤֣Ҫ̫°ӣȴȲץλᣬԥµһãΪ£صóһ֮λʱǶϵһ۰ǳ¼ңô飬ԥֱõҲԽԽ١
ŭɶºȥѰǻɣѵѾͶ̫ӣҪȻ̫ΪλᷢǵĶ
ͬɫѿԥºγԣ
齻죬ôģҶ̫Ҳܻ֪ƫƫ̫ӲˡԥЦѵ㻹Ҫ˵̫ӻһһʲô֪ˣ
ɫ
Ȼ֪Ϊδǰǰ˳ȴ㲻˳ɾԥһ㣬Ҳ̫ԥҲǰǰ󵨣Ψԥڱ󰵺Լ
ԥҲԥֻԥ֪ɲ̫Ӹ֪εʧȴǳ֮⣬ҲѲɣǷ͸¶ԼĶ
ԥ²ȥˣҲ͸¶Ϣ
ԥȻŭڻɱ
ѾΪһΣֻǲ֪ԥ롣֮ǶԸ̫ӡ 
Ȼ֪£ԥݺݵһۣ뿪
ɼˣ֮ҲΪ˳Ҫʲôǲ˳ǵԥų˽µĶҲˡ̫Ӻ߰۾ܲǵһһʱһܴĴһ࣬˶Щ
һ꣬Խ׳
һգҶ飬ۿеЩ֤ݣһҳҳȥС
Ҷ賤һˡ
ǸýˡӷЩ֤ݣӦ֮ǰЩ͸иϡ
ҶิӣۼЩ֤ݣҲ֪̫Ӳû飬֤һųǶ˳к·ڳʮ꣬ۼ¥ۼͣȴֽϾ·
ˣҲûжԥ
̫ӴЩ֤ȥѰʵʱͬǰۿŻʵ۷ŭ׽ãֱȥˣ˼һֻ¼ɡ
ٱŻʵگ˴ֲ׼Ҳޣһ˵ֱӱץΣ˾
ΣϢ̴龩ǣ˽ԻȻ
ҶϢһͣЩ˹ȥ
ߣҸоҪˣ˵Ҫģϵڡ
Ѿ÷дɶˣ
ϢʲôĲˣٵɣ

 151 

λȨ, ȻǴǰǸ췴ľɲ
, ƽ, ٹ٣ȫ𾪻ȻƹѾȥʮ꣬, ŵţЩ, Ҳٸ, ˭õ, Ȼһɲصô
Ѽ֤ʮȫó粵ĻᶼûСлʵگ, ˾Ҳҵ飬Ѹڴ˰һжҲ˹עš, ҲвĻ̡̻
, , Թ, ֻжλͷŭ
ɲʱ˱㲻ɱĶһЩ
Ů͵ǵĽ, ѾŮץ˻, ҲǸ͵ŮɲץȻڻʮǣҶǣһ, ʮ꣬Ů֮ʱͱߣѾԲ估£еķŭҲδٹ
ɵ°ҶɲڶʱѾϸʹһҧֻһʱͷ𣬲жȥʮ꣬൳Ծ͵طǵĺҲ޴йֻܶ˽̽ĥһ飬ٽ˽ʵС
ץڣѾȥһ࣬˭뵽ðһ
ǵŭ޴йǨŭ
ڽ϶ô꣬Ƿ񱳵ﻹгǵǱ͵Ҷ裬Ƿǳ⣿
Ҷ˺Ѳ롣
˷ͣʱ˷˱㴦ƣ˵ĹϵڵĹ˼Ҷ裬ͬһʱԷɫԹ˷飬ȶ֮£Ҳڳ֮С
ˣһ뵽ԼŮڱҶںֻ޲õ˷
˶ѺΣ¹ش󣬸κ̽ӡҶȥֱӽȥҶ衣
һŮȲʣ飬֪٣
ҶȻӦ֪ģ֪ˡ
ǹأҶ˽ץ֣ĿӣԸŹһһ˿㱻͵ߵ飬ģ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ȣȻɲһЩڵǷ볤йأһʱҲ鲻ѾܴʱʱҲֻ˹ľ£͵ߵǷ飬ҲֻйĶѡ
ɹþֶΣҲûʳһ
Ҳ֪Ҷ谲Ҳ볤޹ء
Ҷȴ롣
ֻŮѾԾ˿ͷҲûж׷ʣֻǺ԰һַҶ롣
ɳҲΪģκη紵ݶŵĿС
İӣ˾̫Ӷ죬ǰ֤ѾѼȫѾǰ϶顣ԭ׼֣Ҳûоýͷöֳܷȥԥ
ҶеȻҲ
ȵİĲˣҶ裬һΡ
»ǽʡöñҾ㡣
ҶӦ¡
䳱ʪη֮УѺķ˻ɻ򿿣Ҷ辭ʱҲֻ䵭̧Ƥһۣ޷Ӧ
ѺĶ̷η˷ѺһʱգѾǰģ״ȥԼֻ·һԼѶĥѸǰܣģ̷κ
Ҷǵηǰվǹ˷˷Ӧ
˷̧ͷҶ񣬿Ķñסݣֻܴοһ˷еغһ
ԥ֮СҶժ¶ñ¶ڵµݣüĿ䵭ضҡ
˷ϵѸʧ˻ԭλ
ǳ̧ͷʲô
Щ飬Ҫʹ˴ˣй˷ˡ
ص˵ģ̫Ӧˡ
ʵģǹ顣Լ¡Ҷ迴˶٣Ŀ䵽˹˷˵ϡ˷˿ǽߣﻹƳԭȸ߸ϵģûǰҷ˵Ķׯȡ
һľդȴرһͷ棬һǵ̫ʡ
ҶԼ뿪ʱҲһǵֻǸʱ򣬹˷ϣУ뵽нⷬ
Ҷʣʮǰƹʧܣľɲ͵͵Ǳ֮УҴӹ͵ߣڳɽϡ£ǷǶ⣿
ж˽޷Ӧ
Ҷ룬ֵ֮£Ҳҿ󣬲űҶũ񵽣շת˺֮С֪Ǹʱ򣬹˷Ƿԥҽݣʮꡣ
ɫδ䣬˷ȴǶݺݵ̧ͷ
Ҷ裬Ŀ֮кްΣǺ⡣
֪һգöһЩ 
Ҷʣǹ˷ģ
ġ˷ƲͷȥҪ֣͹ǹ̫ҡɲֻһ˼ңѵָʹɲ𣿡
Ҷתͷȥ
ʲôҲû 
˷ЦѾȥʮָ꣬ЩʲôãǶѾ·һٺǣվҲ޷Щʲô 
ֻһ࣬Ҫ顣Ҷ˵۵ǷǷΪǶ˶ɲѾ¶ֻϣأܸĻ뷨
㵹Ǻá˷˼û˹ҲܻҺ֮Уںռ˱ˣ뿪ʱմȣʲô˶ռˣǰͷҲδ£㾹Ҳֻ侮ʯ˵ʮ꣬վ˰ǳ
Ҷ農ؿϲΪĻֶҡ
˷ݣԼĻû¶һԥɣһȴǴĵͬԼ뷨
ֵҵǰô࣬Ҳû϶ãرҪǣδǳԾ˿ͷĳЩˡ˷˵˵ţЩҪ
ž֮УȻһЦ
˷˵ۿ֮УһʱҲǣҲǡ
̧ͷݺݵصЦʲô
Ҷ𴽱Ц⣬ڹ˷УԼӦǸõˡ
ʲô
ǵ浣ԥʱҲöԥԥʱ˿Ϊԥǹ֣

Ҷͣͣԥ˦ѹϵʱǴδԥİΣ
ˣ˼ֺαǰ
ԭȰԥô飬£ԥѱοǹ˼ЩӣǵӲù˼Ӹѹֻԥʱ֮֡ɵȺ֮ԥȻҲѲˡ
˷־ŭɫر粵ں˵ʲôҵŮôܻ᲻
˷룬⻰˵ã˵ԥ
㡭˷վ˵Ҷǰȴľդס˶˷ץľͷĿݣ㵽뷽跨£飬ʵģ˵ģ֮˵ˣҪ֪࣬ȥ̫ӣα˵
Ҷ賶˳ǣΪ
ҽֻҪһࡣҶ˵ֻҪ˷˸֪飬Ի뿪
˷俴
ʮǰƣǰһգЩ֪İԾۼڳûֳֻ֣ƺֱƹˡ
ʱʵ۵ǻ˶Ҷһ죬ʵǡ
˷񻹼ǵջһϢ˵ǶһŮʹʹ£ϲȴΪʣӶҶȡ˷ķң̲סȥ̽鷿еۡ
һմˮ紵£ϳʪһƬӸ߸¡𣬺ܿҪ裬ÿһߵʮСġߵ鷿ſڣֻ󼸾䶯
ǻʵ۵Ұ˵Ҳĸ󻼣鷿˱ԸĲԡ
ƹǷһӮˣĵλҲˮǴߣ񶨹Щ⣬Ͷġ
𶨹֣뵽Ҷ˵ŮϲѶŸϢûãؿеļҲȺš
Լ߸¡ĶӣΪĸĺһҲĸġ˳һ䣺մϲѶҪԸĺӲǸ죿
ǻҲû뵽Լһ֮ԾȻȥ
˺üգۿҪвʵۣѸƲ˹ϵǶݵʱһ֤ĨܵϢҲݷҶ
Ļ˺üգʧȴ˵˶ӱ͵顣֮䣬̥ҲͬһŮ
ȻǸŮЩȷȰɺﻹиϿϸˣ˽ĺӱߣտ˺üգټʱһһҲûϳѾԼŮ
֣֮͸ġ
ɶתתʮĹȻǳ˵Ů֪Ҷ˶Ůʱжٵ֪ĸŮʱж಻ʹ죡
Ҷ赱ǸũŮҲǹǧĺã
˷˱˱ۣ⾡£ҷž˵ˣҲ֪
㵱Ǳ͵Σʲôϵһ䣬ѵʹĶİɣ߼УôĴ
˷˾ǿǺ˲£㱻͵£һϵҲûС
һԲ
Ҷþõõ˷϶顣ֱͦ˼°ͣڴʱȻΪĸʱĸ߰
Ҷ賤һˡ
ʮļĸŮǰ׵
Ѿ˼ֺù˷ˣ˳Ź˷˵ϲϰߣҲѧԹɫֵܷ˷˻ĻǼ⡣
Ȼв²⣬֪ȴŭա
ڿµսɿҶĿؿŹ˷ˣҲ˷˵һϢ
ʲô
Ҷ賯ĳȥųݣһһ䣬˴ȥӵѾץЩҲɲҲɷˡ
ʲô˷һʱûӦʲôӣ
ĳȴ̱ɫҲ޷ά򶨣˵ʲô
Ҷȴûж˵´϶ñתγߡʪۣÿһߵü죬ֱӴ͸ӱŹվſڣ߼ס̫֡ůְС
ӵɻ󣺡ôô
Ҷ䴽ǣ֣Я߳Ρ£۵һһۻͷ
˷ȴǿˡ
ʲôӣֻһŮôжӣ˷˲ţ̬񣺡ң˶ӣֵزˣ㻹ȥǣ
һԡ
Խǲ˷˾Խ޷ܣ˵ϣ߬ѣʵĻû˵ڣȱַ
ˣˣ˵ʲô
˷ȴǸԳܡ
˵ģ˵ûǶҲкӣȴ˷˺һͣȻͣס
ǰ˵ĻȺԽ˼ס¾裬ȴд㡣ҲǵǶǵŮˣȻ飬ȴʡȥ鷳ֻû뵽취ᱻõԼϡ
˷ֻԼѾˡ
ӵܲ˵س˹ȥҼ޸ô꣬Ϊ˶ٿͷ㾹Ȼң
 

Ҷû뵽ԼȥһΣù˷˰ʲô˵ˡ
˷˼޸꣬ĻҲΥԸҲˣǳӣҲǾһжԼƿ֮У鶼û
˷Ļ䣬֪Ѿ·һɴཫ಻Ϊ֪ϸڴ˵˳
ЩϸڣҲûв鵽
ĲЩƹŸǮ˲£͵͵ʣµչҲһΪԼãһҪڰ͵͵Ҳ統µˣЩҲ˲顣
Ϊɲ͵͵չѾӣ˷˽ĵϸȫҿһȫ¶ɾȴֻҪһ
˼
ҲǺ·˼֪ԭеȻɲ˼ǰδ˵Щ֪Щ£ֱӻ˹ȥʱԥڸУֻԥԽԽңԼҲֲ̿Ψֻǣ
ڵóӶˡ
֪нգ͵͵뿪ǣҲҪӹһЩֻҪغӣڰ
ãҲǿǰ⣬ȷ֪Щ飬ҲΪѾ޸ԥ˷˵ô࣬Ȼ汣һ
գ˼֮Уȥ
Ҷ˵ȥˡ
ӵȺԶԶؿŵһѪų˱ۣס֡
Ҫס۾ȴ
Ҷ˺Ϊβ³вŽ
˷˽飬޾ϸȫ˵ˣҲǾ֮ԡ
ıȴͷ壬Ʋϵȣ°·붨߹ǧ𣬷һ¡
ҶۿţȵΧ۰տ֣ɢűۣ˳
ȥҶһúͻ᣺ȥ˵˵
Ӧһ޲ɡ
ߣƼѺģshuĹġˡ
İһ˲֪ùã߾й֮λΪŮ֮ʣɶҪ֡
û֪䡱һµʱΪĵģ⽫ڻУʱʱ̴̿ߡ
ֻ֪λĶšڵľ˽жˣҹҹΪ֡
룬һ̣һ̾ͿԳϣź̬ʵۡ
ţµۻְתڣҪʺ
Ҳءǡ
İ֪Լӱ˵ֻ΢С⡣
ƶ޹ʣ޿ȲøŹŮ
ʮ꣬һֱ֪УǸõ˳ֵĶ
Ϊ􅱸ʱȻ˳΢ЦŶ˵ǣˣ檱΢һУΨʣģȴʵڲ׸ӵɽĺ˰Ӧȱġ

 152 

, ԥ
Ҷбһ, ɳȴûйϵ, ڶԸԥʱҶҲî˾Ҫѻ
ǵ룬롣
Ϊ, ԥѾǣʱֲ̿, ̫Ȼ, ټһ, ֻԥæңмܡǣĶ, Ϊ·ͻȻ볤ƲϵԼҲ١
ʵ۱һЩȥ֮, Ŀ䵽ԥϡ
Ӷʲô, ʵ۱Ѿԥˡ
ʱ, ϵ, вɶΪԥҪ϶, ֻǿ, ǰŲδʲô
ɾˣԥĽΣҲѾǰ϶¡
ԥʼƵƵ빬, ÿչ鷿ǰͼʵ飬ûʵۿݡȥ鷿ʱʱʱܿ
ʵ֪ȴδ˵ʲôԥҲùȥӣֻԼʲôҲûԥſڡ
ȻԥҲʲôҲûٶҲͽ͡˼ҲԥƳȥ̫ǰ飬ͼ̫һѡɺ󹬲ǰ֮£̫󼴱Ҫ飬ҲΪ
οʵҲ̫
̫ǰǰ㣬ʵǰҪų˵ʵۣĹԥŸͱʵ䵭Ĵϡ
ĸ֪£
̫һҭʣµĻôҲ˵ˡ
Ȼ֪
Ϊŵͷ˼ԥ֮Ҳݡԥγֲ뵽ӡ
¶ԻʵʣҲ޻˵
ʵ۵صĸؾѾã·࣬ĸ񣬲ٳȥĸͣҲʱúú꣬ٲЩ顣
̫ɴ۾Ҫϰҳ
ĸú
ʲô𣡣
̫־ŭɻʵѵֱӵ˵Լ˼Ǵǰǰ¶˳ԸߺǴԲؾɶΪҺãҲĻᡣ
̫Ҫ˵ʲôʵȴ˻֣ߵĴ̫ܿǰ̫˳ȥ
ƾԥҲ졣
̫Ե飬ûи棬ǵ볤ƽЩΪǶ֮£˳Ϊѹԥĵ֮һ
Ҷľͬӳ𣬱һֱž֮еۣԥĶ£Ҳھ֮ϡ䣬ԥѾﵽ֮ͣѰղϣɱﲻ֪˵˶ٻ˵ԥˣ߳ȥҪٰۡ
ǻʵ˾ϣԥְλеĹҲˣַٺ꣬ڸУײδ漰ȴѾǾк·
ӳʱ𣬹˼һֱ̲ԥУ͵͵ΪԼغǮҪӳȥȴҲþҲᡣֱԥУûĻᣬԥң˿ʼѰҳİ취ڿеĲ£ڵˤһͿ
˼ôҲ벻ԼȻҲ䵽㾳ء
ǰҰԥҲֻԥķ֮أ֮ģȴǴ˿˵ʱ˵࣬ģҶ衣۾صǰϺţϻԼʱҲľãԼպȻܱҶһ
Ӧˡ
үҪֲǰźΪҪػһأ
ɽԥ³ȴǰң˼ԥ䣬ܵܣӵӣźͶûʣ¼ȴʲôҲˡǰԥȻû̫ӣԥû䣬ɵ׻ǸүлвˣⱲӣΪɲǣϣԥڸУû˷ء
֮λڴʱ˴ǰʱʱٻҶǶũʱԼũĸͱҶ裬ӹú𣬶Ѿûˡ
˼ǻϱ
αҪһأֻҪϱܹϻغкӿɹ
ڲͬԥ긮дң䣬ñŭ˼׽ˣҲױǨŭ˵ԥⳤۣ޴Ҳȫﵽϡ
˼пԣӹˮȣ·ͷ
Щġ¿յģ˶ûмȴҪźԥɻ֮ǰԥ飬жôĿ˼˺üգȴ޿̡
ĳԥ鷿ʱԼԭȲŵ˳
ֻ˳û߳ͱԥץס
ҪȥʲôԥĿⲻƵؿеİŰȥĶ
˼ڨڨҡֻڸдģߡ
ǰʲô
һЩ¡˼æ˵Ѿ͵ҾҪȥԼˡ
𣿴򿪿
˼ϴ򿪡
ֻһң޴еùԥһˣ֮䣬ɿ˵ϡȫǹ˼Ǯȴù˼ɫɷס
ԥغһɫȷŻҪѿҲҪӣ
˶µطɸӣ̧ͷȥԥɫ
ϵģԥȻûжʲôһ仰Ҳû˵ת뿪ˡ
˼˼ɱץסҲжදæϵĶʰãԼİСĸȥ
Ϊ¾ôȥˡ
ҹ˯֮У˼ԵɵϱӣЩֲξʵ֮ʱȻо˸ֽţһ˹
кģĵģʲôҲƲ
˼ɵر۾ҪƼ˯ȥŸֽ̧ţȴоֽźƱסһ㣬жܵ谭ù˼ѹ
Ҫ̧֣ȴ֪ʱмԼ˫˫ŰڴܣѲá
ʲ˼뾪̧۱㿴һӰڴߣһʣµĻҲһʻ˶
ǵӰȥǰȼ
ſ壬ԭԥ
ԥޱؿüɫҲǵƹ谵ǵޣֻù˼궼û˰
үһ¿ˮҪȥͷŸ𣬾ͱ˶˼ˣү㡭ôˣҰסģ
Ǳ
ԥ߽ˣ˼ſһʪֽ
˼ûлţĸĺֻܽԥԼʪֽҲ
أŸſͣһʪֽ¸ϣڱǺסһȴûкʵĿֻһʪ⡣

Ϣĸоʱ˼˵޷ϵʪֻֽܸĺԽԽ٣ҲԽҲԽԽ΢ʹཫûֻоǰһĺڰӿϣŬȴ޷ıֺ
ԥӸµؿĿ䣬ֻûжݣֻп⡣
Ҳߣ
ԥûˣȴҪ⣿ѱȻڣμӺλ䵽ֵز

˼Ҫ˵ǳľʲôϵ
˵ڣʲôҲûа취˵ֻԥԼ𣬻ûһ˿⣬ֻĺޡ
ûˣ㵹ǻǰѱ˸ɾΪһһҵģȻҲҵԸҪߣ
ǳҪʸôӣĶȥˡ
ģ
ʹཫû˼ʧȥʶʶ׳ڰ֮ǰȻţϱ
Ļϲӳ˯ǰȻԼ׵ϸֻٹգԼ׵ҪӻؼС
һһۣʹǰ˽
һأҪϺӡ
ô䵽ֵز
ôܡ
ôûˡ
ڴϵĲرֱ֨ѽ֨ѽ죬ξãȴͣϢҲĴȥ
ҲûϢ

ԥӹΣҶһϵҲûС
ԥ˼ԥҲûһҹ֮䣬йϢ㶼ûˣٶעǣ˸ۻʱҲûηԥ·˴δй
ֻҶʱϰԵһ䣬Ÿ˻ͷĻҲ֪˵ˡ
˺ð죬ŵѾöδϢҲ֪ˡ 
ҶЦЦѦദˣ
飬ע̱ߵͨ죬Ů±󷽷˵ʮֲ˼ˣϲ
³ҾҪѦӶˡ˫ģ˵ҵﶼ˵ѦǸˣҼ޸ѦӣǶģҲѦʮأ
ͺáҶҲΪˣѦǸסˣȻЩٶۣɴϸҲ򵥣ʺϲ
ţӸˣæ˵Ѧĺû˾ڶ֮У˵ʱҲûܿˣѦյֵֻŴӴ󿪵Ĵﴫĺûվñֱɫ¶ĶͲȴһƬ˼Ʈȥֻ޲ܹһЩٶһЩ
ȵӴ㿴Լĵ½ӲľͷӦ˺üģһð죬ѦŻعæ
ӣ 
ɣж˵Ļͻһ
Ӳδ·ϣȥֻ֮Ҷ˵һԥûˡ
Ҷ˵ƽȤ£Ȼ֪һϢһʱҲ˰Ρ
ʶʣôûˣ
ԥǱߴϢ˵ǲСĵصԥչ˲ܣûԱ߿ţҲûмʱȥˡ
Ҷ˰Σŵϧˣ˷˵ô࣬űסһ
үˡ
ʲôҶһʱûס
Ӳʣ裬ô죿
ߣϺã밾ҹһдģһ֪ͨҾ˯_(:١)_
ԽԽ֣һͿˣеᡭ
˯ˣ

 153 

Ҷڶա
ճ, ƹ, ץ¶, ͱ°ߣǶʮꡣȥһ󣬹ٰһ, Ҳֻôһأͼ޽˻ʹ֮С
Ҷ˾ÿǷ, ֻһ, ܹǰʮĶҶȥļΪ, Ҷ˿ɾҪöҲ, Ѿ
ȻҲ⡣
ǰѰϡѼ䱦ǹأȴҶ˵ȥΪ, ׼, ҪҶǰ, ѹһͷȻΪԥ˲ע, ʱҲ͵͵׼ֻҶ, ҪҶһϲ
Ҳ, Ҷ軹Ҫڴ硣
Ҷ跴δ̫뷨
Ҷ̫ӵףֻȥѾһأ, ٴ죬ֻҪ밮˶ߣʮ㡣ֻ̫һƬ⣬Ҳ÷ȥֻøŵͷʲôͷӦ¡
˶ѩ£ǽ߸һ˪ס
ٽҶǵģʵۻʺҲһһӣʵҲԸһ֣ڻʺ˵ʲôԵĻ˽ٳ֣Ҳʮģ˶˺üϸڡ
˶ģҶЩ˼
ô꣬ˣԽԽ֣
ӻмӦģ޸Һĵһ磬Ϊβ֣ܰһôһأһҲֻôһ꣬ȻǸöЩǴˣﻹһصһΣ˵ˣҲֻڹУнУֻǼ磬־ˣ˻ܶ˵ʲô
仰˵ҶƿԣԱȥ졣
ǰգҪѣףһģһ̫ӵġҶ˵⾹Ȼ̫ӷԸȥصġ˽ѹֻһۣܿе֮
Ҷ裺 
ðɣ̫Ҳǵһߵˣԧ嶼ء
Ҷתͷȥʹǣ⼸̫أȥ˺δ
Ҳһ֪
޴£ӱմڹУҶһ˽ˣҪ̽һ⼸գ̫Ӻæʲô£ÿյҹŻҶѰӰʱҲԴ˸صġ
ƺΪ׼
أҶ趼̲ס
գ۱㵽졣
һ磬˹ŵģʰˣȥҶѡ
ʹ˶ѾΪյϯ׼Ǽ磬ȴһҲ򵥣ŷһͿʼ׼յʳÿһʮ־ϸҲչŹмλӵĿζ
Ҷۺ󣬱ҪȥѰԼ
Ҳ˲ٶȫƽｻеķ˹ŮҶҶ˵ģȴѰԼҪһ
һ顣
߹ô
ûе͵ĶҶɻתͷ»㽫ó𣿡 
Щӣ̫һֱأԸ͸¶һϢҶã˭֪ȵԼȴҲûҵ
΢ӣҵĺó
ʲô
ҡͷҲ˵
Ҷ򴽣Щִؿã̫ؿƿҲֻֻܷкʢ
ʵۻʺҲ׼񣬶óֵģҲǺöĺĲãСòţҶ軹δ򿪣һߴߴö
ѲƿȻһֻȸСɣëѤÿɰҶϲʲô񣬿ټĺܡ
󣺡ɩɩ񳤵úÿͷҲСһ˰ӲһֻǵǼ۸񰺹Ҫ򻹵÷Ѳٹϡĺأһ£صôһֻյ־͸ɩɩ͹ˣҲҺûʱ򣬷ɩɩߣƽɩɩһڹУŶȤҲġ
ҶݸСĵؽӹл
ָ˴꣬ȻٺЦһȻû˵֮г˰ʾ
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ϻظӣɹȥʱˣæӿɶ;ϣûһ
̫ӵϻػ˵㣬Ҫӣÿ˼
̾һ
ȵϣҶ붨ҲһҶ裬ʵصЩʱͽôûмϣ
ҶҲ׾µͷ棬ѾʣҲȥϡͷҶصضģ˻ղƳɣһɺϵǣȻҲѴ䣬ศɣɫ˫
ȶЯ磬Ȼһ磬˽ǰһ
ŷæһ죬ģ£ζҲҶĿζһԱ߶Ȥˣڡ
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ȴתͷȥһԱߵ̫ࣺʲôʱˣ
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ʲôҪȥʺƣҹ캮СĶˡ
Ҫܲ𡣡
Ҷк棬Ȼûоܾһ˳ȥʵۻʺҲ治ѣҪһ̽Ҳ²һ·߶ͣأԲ²˲١
˹ֹѾͣ˲һ·˹ǰӵ˼ǵ¥֮ϡǶգҹ¶أ¥֮ϸǺ䣬멣ﱧӣҹεģſڱһŰ 
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תͷ̫ࣺʲôʱˣ
̫ӵ£쵽ʱˡ
Ӵų¥ϻѵĹ⣬ҶһۣȻԱһߴס紵ķ
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Ҷ軰û˵ڣס
ǵϵ˶ˣİҲ߳ͷʢ
ռһλãܽǾɫУҲΪˣ𾪡
ǵǰ˷ۿɼ֮ȫ̻ʢţԶǰֻʣ̻ͷף貶ʡ֮еĸ䶼̻ת˲ţѸٱµ
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תͷȥУȥѰ̫ӵӡ
ӾվߣûпѤãͷעĿֻ顣
Ҷ߶ϣһʱʧ
мֲ˼ҲǼлĻҪ˵ȴֲ֪˵ľźá
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ע⵽ǶˣǳϵʢҶ軹ѹʣǷ̫˷һЩ
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Ҷͷ΢΢һЦͷӡ£Сһ֣˲ȴնȾ糺죬ӳ䣬Ϊɰ
룺ôˡ
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ϱӰⱲӣҲӶֻ࣬»
Ҷ豾ǻл˵Ļȴʻ˶
̫ͨǲڣҲܴü¶֪̫⡣ԣֻҪĬĬص⣬ٻر˱㹻ˡ
ǵмʮ꣬Ҳֻأ೤
ȵҹͷֻʣǶˣҶСԹǿգҹ֮󣬶Ȼǵ˶֪ˣҲٷ顣
Ӵǹ𣬽뻳Уʣʷָңɻң
Ȼ
Ҷ迿ļϣɫԾԾվһڣѾдʲô¡
һ΢΢üͷżֲСԹЩûʲôĻ˵𣿡
Ϊ˽ⳡ˲˼֪˶ٹϵ˵˶ٺûֻΪƾźģȻҲֻЩǵĻ
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼӣ֮䣬ȴҲꡣʶذ¥ĸչȥ밮ǣδİ⡣
δ˵
ΪҪʱΪǽ
ꡪ

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