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žεս
磺
죺㲻
ţǸҿҪΪռɵŮˡ

ûεᡢں޲ӣ෴𾪵ط֣Լе޵ǣɭֵľĶħ½ռboss񡪡
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1 Լ
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õ㿪ƪС˵Ҳνͬᴩ
ǰһ룬ոչֻǰһڣѹͻܣҪߡ
ѹѹ˽ˣŮٶУ۷硣̸˷˶漥һֻı顣
ȻôһӣҶΪе߳ܡ
˼ҴС£˵֪˻ķϲѾ۹ţǰոͨԸĿˡ
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ˣҶѾؼˣôδȥҶҰݷùҲʧڽѧ֮ȥһɡ
Żǵԭһξ飬Ҷ磬ǰδҪȴ֮⡣
ҲܿڳдܼЦ

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ƪĲǴãǴӻ趨ãΪ˷Ķ󲿷ֽɫ̧ͷİûTAG
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˻С˵ܶ࣬Ҳкܶ࣬ԭûоԭͣĶô趨࿴֪ˣ벻ҪС˵лл
ϣлκʽдָĺҲ֪ͨ


2 ս
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νİ飬ҲǺһŮ˹ͬһˡ

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3 
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4 ƹ
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5 
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Ա˴˵ʲôҵģ
ΪǰɡĹ


6 
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һ˲䣬¶ĳָ߸ϵķЦ⣬·һĻˡ
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ǱĵľƹȥͷĶӳĿһתȻסǸΧסĽˡ
Ӷӳͣ½Ų㣡
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΢΢ͷ֧αϳ࣬ǳĺĤＸ͸ɫ峺ȴĪ͸һְѪζ
Ҳһ˲䣬ͬ
ڵˣҲ֪
ţ
ʶ;öԷûʲôˣϾһ￴ȥһѱŭӡ
ðɣһҪܵˣһҪɵԸʵˣǰҲ޹ؽҪڿҿĸ
ܻؼңŲϧֻΪһκԼܱܿɴɲз׼
Ҳ֪ԸţʲôˣͱǿȻȥսˣôͼΪ´ξ׼
һ£鱻һ˵ƺ쳣򵥣أ
ŵ΢Ц㲻ǲ𣿡
εĳĬ󣬴˵Լ뷨
ܻҺαŲҪģΪ˻ʲôҡ
ңԭġšֲ
ɥʧϺ˸ţǶ֧䣬ΪйĹߣһͷ
Ҳ룬ҲҲܶԷǷѡţԸȥҾ
Ϊʲôαأ
ŵ΢΢ҡͷֻһѡⲻǿԣѡûжԴ
Եؿ
ҪһɲܻţǾĶ֡
ӭĿ¶΢Цǳɫ⻪տȻûвܵ£û޷ܵˡô֪һ䣿
ųڶԱҽֵĿ־У⻰ͬץס˾ݡ
ûвܵ£
԰ԭĽҶʤˣȻǸС˵ҲûдšᱻԽ
ԭķչӦñȥҶҰݷöԱŸĳ졪
Ůͷ˫γɫˮʱȻкһ˿ϣ⡣
ں£Һʧܣܸҵĵˣܸ߰ˡ
ðɣ˶Ầ£ŵ̾ϢҲηٺͷ۵£ĺ£ԶԶ㿪Ҳԡ
ųĬһ˲Ҫ

ңţ˵ֻΪԼҲ㿪ҵ鷳Ҿ͵ڣҪ¡Ҳ
ŵȻɺͳǿҲƣϣܼ뷨ǣʱͷҲֻһѡѡ
Ů˵ͷһģлл㡣
Ҫˡ
˵ָŮŨܵĳЩǵĶúʶ
ŵ΢΢սߣҲллɡ
ڴŷ㶵ʱ̣һǱͯݹһϵֽɡɡϵϺٺʢѩ޳ָԱȷ
͸ɣ͵ǻ񡣡
ŴرǱ飬ıӰȥһܼ𣿡


9 
ȥ۶ɣǻټġ
ͷǰȥһȺ˲
΢΢һ޳ӰʧڵɫĹУĳִħ
һڵ۶Ľܵ͢
ʱȺɳ۶ˣ׷סȻһͷĻǣһƥ˵
ߵǰȻӵݸС㣬ڵȥ
һԲŽӹڵĽָ˴룬ӯطԾϸ߸ߵ
ǰˮƽһ㣬ԼҲΣ˶İ
Χ˶ĳĬֲֻ֣ǵתͷ۳Ҷȥ
ǸվһѣӳΧǽݾƹõ꣬в¥̮׹٣ֵϾȻһƬǽ壬п
Ϊȥʱ·ûŸȺ˸ȦӣǾ˽͢ӵǰټ£ؽεߣ׵ʥʿά򣬼ʦƣش֮С
ڽ֮ϣǴ״ʯϡͷĵ
Զȱơذף˵ĹϽҲΨһĴڡ
˫ӣԼҹʺ硢Ⱥ
ھ֮Ǿµˡ
ҲҪһһɷķǡ
ֱɢΪó·
ص˴ҵĸۡ
綼ɢˣЩ˿ҲŻؼҿǷ񻹴ڣ˴տյֻб˸׺ͼĸԼһò㡢Ск
ƺЩηԱߵļˣһֱԴ˵
̤ȺǶˣףûкûڵӦøоʧɡ
΢Цſĸ͵ܵܡ
ŮȻһ⣬⻰Сţʲô˼
к΢΢̧ͷηִȴû˵ʲô
ǣֱضű˸ף߿Ŀ⻹ƽֻƺѹŭ𣬡ĲȥҶң
ţ
ΪʲôҪȥĵ˵ҶʲôҲȥ
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˸һ£һɨһȦΧվӶˣЩ˶ʱԾ뿪˳š
վڼĸ͵ܵ𾪵УֱѪĹӰȻһȭһʯ
Ҳʮꡣ
ŮµѪƣô֪Ҳܱǿ
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Сţſ־վӵ󣬡Ǻӡ
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ҵıԽ־壬һǽߣСĸ׽ųֶúܿ£˵һʦˡ
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ţ
ſ˵Ӱʧת˸ףӲ֪˵˵ģ
ˣҡҡͷûô֪

鸴ӵؿûӰɡΪʲôأҳʱҲ꣬ʱҵĸڣǣţҾͲڵǴΪˣ󣬼һ㻹ûʣڳ࣬Ҳı׼˵鸾񡣡
üһŮӣôſڱտڰЩʹߣ
ʰ˭ȥ˵鸾ģǶ˻˵
ϣҪ˵ȴȻеɱһ϶ʱһ䡣
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Ÿо䣬ŵЩ˺Ժеʯͷ
Ҫȥ۶
ؿƺ֪ҪŪʲô۶ӣ㲻ǿҶ𣿡
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סȻֳȻһΣյζˣΪ
ԭˡ
Ϊһսʿ뻹һٶڼٴνףʱ仹˽ˣĵʵŮĻԼܷ㹻档
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Ȼ˵űǼ̳ˣȻﻹܻôãԼˣŮ𽥳ƿλãһ˲ɱģ
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ҾǿҶЦһҵһ򱶵ɷ򡣡
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СﻹҪ˵ġ
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Ե۶ܵ͢ĳλ˾£Ǹɡ
˸׾ȵؿ
֪ڻԶ΢΢ͷЩȻǰԸ˵ϾɬıˣһŬġ

³
һƬǽżשѻǽڵĲк
Ҷתͷƹ·Ȼһ䡣
˷Ŀصؼѹռڿֲ֮Ť顣
εһλϵҹӹʱյĶϲ㣬ڹҫԻ͵ʥ
ҶʹڵϣȫĹ֨죬·εս
̧ͷպѪɫѣȴϡܿλá
ҽʥ
ǵ֮أǵʬڴȼ̽Ϊ
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ʯ̾͵ĴͷĿģĽϣһϧ̾Ϣ
ð¡
񡪡ġ
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һ˲䣬جΰĻ䳱ˮӿ
Ϊ˶Ŵȫףӡ˾󲿷ֵ͡ԼǸδ򣬶ûҵ
ôģ
λƵ˵ţƽԻ䣬Ө׵ָһưƵĹ˿
ĽڿãȻǻţżҪ롢ͼɢɹ㡣
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Ҷŭɶ޳ܵļˣһԲ㣬͵ϮָϾɱδƿǵ̶Ź
ν͵Ϯһ˵ȫ𣿡
̫Ƶؿڵҵһ㸸ĸ͹սģô᲻ǵأ
´ֻǵԼαҴææ߰ɣһز˳ӡαװ࣬˭һ㶼ء
˵ͲǰҲոǵˣʺ֮̾˿һͿء
Ҷʧؽгʲô
ȻʮͣԼδҲһֱΪα޳ܵļһܴƽ֡
ȻǸոշսΪ壬±ӡҶҲܸоܵشȻҪȥ˯
ˡ
ҲҪ
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ܲԼǱӡǲ֣ǽһС֣Ҳ޷ɢĽֻԼĹһһѡѹ𽥻Ϊ촷ۡ
㡭
ȻְΧ
˵ѾֲֵزҶ˺ѷεؾʹлҵ˼ţԷȡԼ뷨ȻһܶûС
Ҫ֪ЩĶҲڱʩߵľһ˿
ȵȡ
Ȼ䣬ϵoȤͷƺʲô˵һ
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Ƕú֣Ȼû˭ҷʣ˴ֻζʧòվţԼĴڸС
ϾҲǸŴ
ɿ֣һƽڿɢˣŸðɡ

Ҷ۾
ӵԼЩʹ򢣬˳ĵϵȫ֪Լղô¡
ɶ񣬾Ȼˤˣøûп
ŮɣֻеգƺȫȻǵһοֲľ
СשʯɢңܾĵģΨ΢紵̮ķݣﳤȥ


10 
ϴ裬ױǰ£Щ͵ؿž

ЩϤȥոް汾
ֻǣвϸڶǱĵٺͷ
ŮոճԡѻĳɢڼϣӰ覣پ£һ˫峺Ĵ۾ɫĺĤ͸ẹֳ̈ĵ
ݵĺšһֱƯŮ֮һҲԵʣûбһ
뵽ֿʼ÷θ
ԭй˻Ůıī̫࣬⼸ǸĪֽƬˣƯ츳㣬Ҳ㲻²ǹ壬Ҳҡ
ͲǴܹФģȻȴū
ĳЩ˶Ӧúˬɣ
ҹɫˣһĹ¸С
Լľֻо˶⣬
ڴշת˯ţʱ¹⴩ڴǰ鱳ϵּ̽΢΢
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Ǹרע͵飬ȴâƵ¶ȷ·𻹲ڼϡ
쵰ʲô֪
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ֻ˵񼣴½ϣýΪսʿ࣬˵ܶΪսʿͳӶֽ̽ٵ˫־޽ֹߴͣʮսʿоŸý
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Ҷصǵʱȥʦ׿ˣĳڻңڻҲŷϲȻ˷٣ƣϷҶߵء
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Ҷֺֿݣ˾°ͣСﻹԱ
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мѧԺ¥˵İ´ЩѧԺĸ˺ԺȨ졢ڲƼ˿ܶϡ
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11 ǩ
ĵطʲôŵĻһҹȫǽ֪
ҶȻҲ˵ЩҷɵҥԣԴǸ˽⣬Ǽٵġ
ڴˣûмҲ޷ǿ˵츳òԸȴһ֪
ڷŮƽû⣬ҲûаˣĿЩġ
Ҷȴֻ
ԼĸŮĶԻ
Сﲻʮ꣬Ȼһ˾
û˵ʲôŲٿȻ
ӰһŮȻ̬ǵֱۡ
Ҷôû𡪡
δ䣬ע⵽ֵգ̧ͷܣȻһƳȺеĴš

µ۹۶ҳ۹Ĵʦ֮һң֮Ů
Ȼųһ̣ˡ
һ˲䣬Ͳ³˶Էݡ
ҲҶΪʲôŮҲûнԼ
㡣
жʱֳίżʺͷŭ
͵һ꣬ڵʲô
ſһĻĺ޲
ǸŮòΣʲȥֹİ̬һͷŨڵĳ˫Ư۾
˫ִָֻȻҲϡܼħΣǷƷͶƺҲħӳ֣˵ǼֵǵĴװ
蹫СŮˡ
ΪҳߵӶ·;ʶڼٶ˵֮󣬾ͳҶĺ֮һǰڸṩ˲ٰء
ĥԭ飬ȴٴ
ף
ظղ˵ʣȻҶҪףԸ¼ȡʱ·ֻǽʦȻѾҪˣ
սʿĽλӽ𲽣ʿʦʦ齣ʦؽʦ콣ʦ𣬽ʣʥһʮһλÿλŸǼȽ֮μһλĲǲԽĺ蹵
ΪߣѾʲˣڽߵʿĽʮ죬ʮҲ
ڶʮܳΪʿˣԳһš
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Χ۵Ƿ·ը˹һ۷׷ףЩȣЩŮǸĿŵشҶÿǿž;ĿֻվҶԱߣصǣǰĴʦռǣֻһЩ
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Щ˼üŪ۵ؿԶļҶһۣƺһоڲС
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ţ
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ֻǣĳŮŮ£ԵϷ
С椳ûͦÿ
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Ҷĵزϥǣ亹乣ɫѩֽȵĻҲ˵ˣͷһֱӻ˹ȥ

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СഺҳȥӶҲûôԿ࣬żм۵åˣҶһֱţû˭ҺǺ
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СһһҵŮˡȻĶǩɡ


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һվԭأƿֻ֣ͻָ⣬˵Ҿռѡ


14 
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ʦĴصŵ͵͵ض¼Ͷȥעӡ
ҲֲͬɫܲÿݺݵضŴš
ȴһƽֻЩͷؿһҶ𣬲ˡ

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Ҫץסһ
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̧ۿ˿ܵĹǣɢ˰λ
ûʲôϷˡ
Ҹת֮ǰ£ԱǼѧԺҪ˼ѯͿˣ󲿷˿ȥ㣬Ͼһʵܡ
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ŵȴǺܺá
ղһ粨ȻӮգһ˲䣬Ҷϱŷɱŭ
ڽʦ¥ϣŮٿȻֹסŲ
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뿪ˣҲôηʧ
ֱвʮ⣬һˡ

ҪܹʤٳӮһٻҲû塣
Ȿһͬʤǵ硣
߹ʮ̨ߵ¥⸽࣬ԸѧԺԱڲͬķ䣬һȴʾͬռǡ
йԱճʶǰΪѺõкԸͷ
ȵȣҶҪ׿˵𣬱öǳ
ȥ⸽ʱзŴ򿪣ܿһڲԵľ
еķﻹڽսҫ۵Ĳɫɱ䣬ײڱϷֻ춼õĸħ赲ˡ
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ƿһռǵĴš
̤֮ǰﻹ¥һΡ޷ľ޽һƶǶˮķȡһǲʮ֣Ž֮ħ֮ʥ֮Ӧսʿʦʥְߡ
ڽʦרսʿѧԺĽθ֮⣬¥˵â΢ġ
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ڵˣͷںؾ¼ˣĹԱɳվ˸׺һŮ̸
ȥò졢ҷ϶ˣһͷɫľɿԺϵĳȹڼ͡°ڿõȣȫչ¶ߣȹĺɫȼա
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ǰϾ˸׳û⣬ǰĸΥԸ顣
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ţ
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Сһ仰ˣִҪԷ˵ȥһ汻ŭͲٳˡ
ԼƯЩס
ħ֮ѧϰɭ־鹫һ̳Ө
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ǰħӰоһƳġȺ֮ۡħܽ¶͡԰֮ħޱ
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ͮȻһЦӵ۶ܵطֻΪ˼һ棬˳㿴Ǹδޣл㵱յ飬򡪡
ҶҲûн졣
ĵͶ䣬Ȼ֪ԷղԼδǱȽϣû£Ҳϲ㣬˳㣬˻ҸȥģҲлǸŮˡ
˵ʱʮ־ʡ
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δ䣬һ̵ſڣקŴ˳ȥ
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ͮ΢΢üڴҶź˿δޱһ٣ûʸ뽣֮
˵ʵܾ԰ɣ
˼һ룬㻹ɡ
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˸޿̵վ޲ýֱߵյŮϣĲԣ֮ĳЩһ¼ȡģ
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ĲԷλվű˷ħ˲䱻ӣܿӯݺύͻǶ׵Բ
սʿ츳ȻҲ벻ʦħ
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ֻǣеսʿʧ״̬¶Ч
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ΧԱ¶ȣֻ黹Χǿʼھ¼и΢Ц˵ֽ壬ǿȼ׿Խ
ţ׿Խ滹еȼ𣿡
Ȼͮغһ
ţжô
ͮһָϴСС飬ɷĩ

һ£ǲϿɽʦĽλҵõ˽ʦռǣҪ𣿡
Ҫͮ΢΢°ͣǿȷ棬һĽʦֻܴͨﵽͨ㶼ܣ˵׿ԽĻ˵ߵĽصϡ
˵˾ûõص䡣
ˣͮһ۾ܿŵĽЩ⣬ȷʵˡ
սܶȡٿˮ׼ȵȱ׼ҲǿףȻȴֱĽף͸˲ʵĿϢͻ
ʮСŮδѪսȻ˺ص䡣
ɫĽ
ǵĴҼǰʲôأ
ͮ˼ؿš
߽ű߱ǰɫħ󣬴ʱӿźѪâǻƻϼأЩʹŤûħԲ¸֡
ҶһֱСؾ
ڵǿӮģĽƴԸҲóӦûܾˡ
Ҳ֪õĽص䣬ȷʵЩ
ͮƳһԱߵĹԱǣھϷܱʼ飬¼Ľ
Ҫ֪ûнݾãȻʧȥ
Īؿ
ͮЦЦؿǣݲмΪѣḻص䡢ʶĽʤ˵Ҳ滰
뽣֮ѧϰȰϵڵĽһص¿ʼ㻹ꡪĽ֮Ϊȼ
лҪ˵˵ģҲдŮһȭ졭ⲻǿʵʵֻѾѾȫûս飬ܿҲĻx
뿴ϻͼ~


15 
ҸŮ뿪֮󣬷žһ˲
ӵ۶ңңԱǣȫԽ֮սʿڱҵѡΪѧԺҲһ൱ҫĲ¡
Ǽ˸ָţղߵһλȻǸ̳Ҳû㵽ǰĵز
ͮӯشɳҿû˵ѡ
⼸Աƺ죬Ƕһۣи뵽˹ؼ
ضʱǿԽĽ
΢΢ףͨдۣƵصܺҸղҼŵƺԡ

һصۡ̾ͱ˸һʹ
֪ڸʲô𣿣
￴ȥʮַŭ֪֪ͮʲôˣһΪǳˡû뵽ôִ֪磡Ҫɱ㣬Ϊһס㣿
ţΪֳƿ졣
Ҽؿʮ꣬Ϊ˵õһʬ塣
ţ
ܾ⻰е졣
ҲĴʦ֮һĸǽʣĽʣʮսʿ֪ʲô˼𣿡
ۣһǲҼȮ
֪ͺã˵ţζͣһ£˽´ţΨһȷǣ嶼˼ɣ۳
ţ
Ƥôţ
ͮĸҲԭķ֮һҲʮֻͣҪҶȥԼᣬҲ衢顪ﲢûκǿȶԷԸ¡
ԣЩѾ㹻ѶԷŪһٴˡ
֮ϬϾҪȥ۶ˣɲ̫ǲˡ
ŷܵصͷ
۶˻϶֪˭
һ룬˸׽¼ȡ֪ͨħУϡ
ֻǳ⣬뽣֮Ժ󣬻еڶβԣܻҪչʾʵսʽ
Ĭš
һֲֻỻص£ҲѯԸˣΪʲôǸصǰĸµĶڴңȻ֪ʲô⡣
ԭʵûἰšʲôص䡣
ȷʵڽ֮ѧϰ˵ķȥĽ˸Ӱȫ޺ġ
Ͼ֮Ҳвṩѧص䣬صֻƷܵõƷƷȫͬЧοĿѪ˺ص䣬ƺһͲʲôö
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô̫뻻
ҶǴ󷨵Ľרںϱ˵ĽʲôƷƷղ
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糿ȥ۶
˼ţȻ˸׵ʱҡͷҽҪߡ
˸ĪؿֻΪǱ֮ǰ¼ŭˣڰѾˡһӶ͵Ķǰ۶ҪܸҲԡ
źԥͬˡ
ԭǰ۶ĳӣ⵽һǿĴ٣˫ѽѷ֣ҶԱ߾߾ˡš
ҲǳںģϾϣ˻ȥأ
뵽ԭԼº󻹷ȶ͸оһ񺮡
ӶϤ·Ӧɡ
ȷʵ죬ڻھƹϢҪˣЪϢһվ׼ˡ
˵꣬ﶪһŽߴľ֯ӣת뿪ˡ
ǮҸŲײ
Ŵ򿪴ڣȻǼʮöʵϽҡ
ֻҼΪͨڴϡｻ׻Ǵǲϳ֣ΪһöϽҾ൱һٽңϤǮһ
Ҫ𣿡
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׼ȷ˵Ƿ·һСĽ֮ڱĺʯħϢ
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ǰϾǸҪŮ䣬ѧԺȥҲ̫û˼ˡ
˵ֻõһԤ¼ȡѡ
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ƺ̬ȼŭˣԶʲô£һȻӣƾʲôܵõһУ㻹ô̰ġΪʲôͲȥֺҶأ˽װô꣡
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ʵһȭҷɵ棬Լܿˣһ㣬͵Ϊǰڶ
ǰԲУ˵һԼд˾˵Ļѻ
ҵõʲô
źϡؿһʼûʹҵǸ׸˻飬ҲȥҶҪǾЩû⣬ҪȥЩС㡢ҶãȻϲеġȥҶҲû
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ͣһ£߳ŭ˵еģҲŲҪȥˣ
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ʲôЦôȫȲʮһʱҡ˽Ǽҵĵزÿ㲻֪˽ԼǮģȥ׬ǮˡҲҲУ֪Թ˲ƽ˵ǲǷ
ҺٺͬĸĽ˵
ηŴţҲǿҪˣƺָⲻҶһ𡪡Ǹ˱ˣһΪ¶Ǽô죿Ϊʲôô˽أ
СĸǧţȻη常ףǴҲûд˵ԷίܣҪֲң˫۷졣
ʵʵȥ޸Ҷ͹ˣҶ͹СһˣԺ϶Ҳǹ壬㵱鸾˶ȫҶкô𣿣
޸Ҷ鸾Ȼͬĸ
ĵ˵֮ϣҵɼ̳ˣȻܲͶصõһУúˣ԰ɣ
δ䣬һĶѾص
ҹúܲãһ̵ֱڣ治ײ
ûü˵ֱӱɳȥˤ˴ſڡ
ϸֳѪۣһʱ˵۵ֱ
ʲô
ռ̨ףҲ̶õĶӣˮ£Ҫ˿ֲҡ
ȥͥԺˣָٲƣͿɷһӶˣ񿴵ôһĿŤݣҪˡ
ǸӣΪʲôҪƽϣ
ԼĽңָ˸ŵѪ콣
ǸӾ֪ýȡôǽз
㡪
˵Ҳû꣬ҲǸӣʹˣΪʲôҪҼƽϣ

ⳡ־뿪ҵĸۡա
żʰʣµȹΡԼһЩ鼮ԼַݵƾᣬϤһͭӣʮֻӶһ
һԹۿӶȴȫ֣ǷȫǼƵĳ
֧ǰ۶Ӷ;ǻһЩΪԣġԵ۹ÿͣмˡ
Щ˶Ǳصľˣڴżʱû˭Ͷֵעӡ
ҹڳЪ̡
Լṩﰲؿͼ
ʮƺƵʻҲδƿȥעԶȥĳУֻǼϥͷ̯µ۹ͼƤƵĵͼϸÿСׯλá
Ӵ𶫽ĵ·ʻ˻ƻֵĴɭ֡
Լ
ƿӣһĵӶ棬ЩǸʵһɭ־ǵĶ飬ûȥҲԸĳЪһ
ʵɣһȥʮɭ־飬˵Ҳжˡ
ûüشǸӶ˵Ǹֻһ£ҲԷָһƥ
ߵȻʼѣԳΪսʿͷʦϷ¶Ҳڻ¡
ǴǸɰСӶĲ̣
û⣬ǣֽһǩ˵һûľ飬һֱĽðһλС
Ӷһ£ŻȻ˸Ĵָ
ź顣
󣬳ĳͷǵĺ췢쵰⣬ûнӴ壬ȷʵԾЩ档
ǰĻ紵
һӰϢԾ복ڶؾصã˳һȹϵ壺
ůϼк복Уɭ־ѩӣŨīķڷϸ£Լ¶ͷıɫࡣ
΢΢ļ࣬ȴԵ÷ǳɰֲּ񣬷һԲļǣǲ㱡Ƥ͸ǣ仹Сһһ΢΢ζ
Ŵ͵ؿŶԷĶ䣬ЩƲסˣá
죬黹͸¶һ㲻;ִ٣ƺΪĳ¸еᡣ
ľ鴩һڵ˫ſƤʶףɫ޶ȹͳСȵƤѥԽԵϸȳ
ǸҸղǵ̸ʵһλС㡣
Խʣǳķ紵ѩĺͻ
Уһ£˼ΪʲôĹһֱͣҳŵ·޳ٵˣЩ;ׯľģǲǲ̫
æҡͷΪʲôҪǸҾǳɰȹҲǡ
ǵһҵࡣ
¶ЦݣллҽУԾɭ֡
ɭĸأľľסأǲжľ鶼壬Ҳʵͨ顣
ʵӦ˵һ˵ԼǷʦսʿ
ߵȻǣɭ־黹ǲԭ飬Ҿѩɽȵȣһħ߽С
ٲҲѡΪʥְߣǣ㲻ҲһЩħûкսĴڡ
ûᵽ̫ϤЩڣҲǲ˵
ŵǲôãΪԷȥе罻֡
ҲֻԼֺͼ磬ҲҪȥ۶𣿡
ǰ˵ͷȥҵĽ㣬ڵ۶ѧϰ


16 ۶
ԭɭ־ҪֻˣһǼ󹬵Ĺ£Ĵɾ
ǰ߰ٷְǸ
ǰߵĸףƺԸͣɬŮװԶ
ֻҪǾûʲôˡ
Ǵź;̸
ԸʣеСԺҪλۼƣڶͬʱҲһЩĹºʷ
Ϊ˽ʡʱ㿪ʼһ⣬Ӷʱ᳭ͨ·
۶Զмֻм·̣ӶǸ񣬼ǲ߲ݵسҹ·
ڼĶµ۹ʷﴫǺ͵ͼᡣ
Ҳ䴫˵Ĺ飬ʾ
ڶҹʱ֣ӽһƬӰɭ֣СϱУٶĪú
ХĿ缸˺ҷĴĻħƹȥ޿ɾҩϨˡ
ڰ
ĻƲɫ䣬⴫ëȻС
Щ򳤻̵ĽɭصҸO@ĦԶ
Ŵ˯оѡ
Զ·˵
˵С޳ѾˣΪʲôħޣ
Աߵ˿ڻشƺĳӶ޳ͨΪħǹȼ¡Ա˵뿪ûԱĿܻڸѰʳ
ʳкӾְ֣ǻ𣿣
һӶ˵Ǻǵʳ˵ܳԣտļݣǿܾûôˣǴ·ëǵ࡭
ǸӺµؿˡ
ӶͬЦÿæĺȰУûʲôذοİɣʮʦӳ͸ӳǻǴʦħûĸǳ׵ġ
δ䣬ǺȻг

ʲô
ŤѡƤ˺ĿֲмӶÿǵļУгܷڵءƥŵ˻ʹ
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ͷԽԽۣȫѪڣ֫ٺӿĽԽ񱩣ǰ翪ʼҡһεʹķ羰ز
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ţ
л㱵أҲС
ץŴŵҡΣѣҹʣҪ·ˣ
ҡˡ
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ԴһʹѪڳ鴤ǰһƬѪɫ
˾ȾѪǿֱߵļһȻԼĽߡ
һּǱ飬һץסԱߵľꡣ
֫ۡ
ɭħȻƽż۵İɫâƼ̵ѳɼΣھкȻ̮
ͬһʱץ
ڵǿվȣ϶ѿǼӲĽǼܻľƵǽĻϤֻħһצ˺ѡ
һ˲Ҳͬѿ
ħӯվڱķ϶ϣѾҧǰһ˫ɫעŲԶŮ;ꡣ
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ţ
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żҪˡ
֪Լ£ײײУһͷɭ֡
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ţ
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̫ܵ죬ֲǽĻҡͷǺܿʮӺֺǸҹʼˣ
ţ
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ȼҹĻĻ⣬ħǵİԼĳܺͲȱʬ壬ǵıԶȥ
Ϊһֱҹʿֲĸ˲ͣЪͬͽӴһҹ
ڶ峿ʱ֣ϲؿԶϡĳ
һմӵƽ籡̵ҰȾһů죬ЩС·ľͷеСһľĳԵø
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ʲô
оȵؿҲһҹ۶ԽԽ𣿡
ҲܾȣȻѵҴ𣿡

˼䣬ƺܲ˼飬㿴ȥȫܡ

ͿĵͼͼǶ۶µ۹ߣֺλҲڣٹһСʱ͵ˣûɣ
Уħ̫ˣǻŵסĽָ𣿡
Ƶصͷ
һǸħʦǹƾҲֺܱٶȣҪ֪ٶ£һֱڱġ
֣׵壡
˵ʶǸҹʣ
ϿܾǰҲ߽ԶԶ
ڳľƹϴ衣
ڵ۶ĴϣԽǿУ·ϵľԽǷ
Χͨ˴С·мۣӲͬķҴʻǣŻŸԼħ޵Ӷǣǰʱ·𽥳װǵڽֱ֮ǰ
˺ХȥͼŸӶǣ·ϵҲв٣Ҳ֮壬ǻҲرۡ
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뵽Ǹļʽ;ԼûϷ
ܸǵľЩҺǸľһֱܣڴСʱʱһֱҹʵеʱܽеʱԶмΡңĳһ֣ŵѪζҵʱҸоȫ䣬нĻҿܸܲˡ
ﰲһ˲
ʥְǳĬǽ˼Ī΢Цһ£뿪ˣС㡣
Żл㱵뿪˻ңΪٻҪһ䡰Ҫѽ̸κˡ֮ľ档
ԼմȾѪ£ĵĳȣмʥְߴĻǴҴææĿбӵ߹û˭ȥѯΪʲô
ܵ͢ʮʷ״ֲÿһĴʥã۵ĻȺʹССԼ׼䡣
λ߲㣬мǿ²ʱ·سҲ±ΣЩط˵⿪ţͽ롣
ֻͽͨûͼ̳ʥְ߰칫
·͹飬ƵҵһС͵鷿
漸ʦڴĶϵ඼ǹĴ˵͢ķչʷи汾ν¼ʥԡ
鸴ӵ뿪ݣһȣͷųţһΪܰϢңһȦڷƤɳΧмӵĲ輸ë̺ˮֵصϨţΪشòҪƻ
С߹ȥȻ𾪵ſվס
ɳԼ΢ЦӢԡջûo
ţ
ɤͳ䣬ֽᣬ͸ת΢΢䡣
ǡɴĺϲÿ춼֣

ԭأȻ֮
ͷԼǱʻƤ飬Ҳ˳ʱԷ͸Լ

Ů΢΢죬аɣ
ÿ춼˯£ͲҪ֪ˡ
ŵ˼ؿ
һ룬·ʲôȤһ㣬ȻЦá


18 
߽Ϣҡ
ⷿʣɳƶ䣬ȥëҲ̷ִ֮нŵʶſ˫ۣغߺһȦ

͵
Ա߻һˣݸ߹ԡ
ŵûڿֻǶ輸ϵ̣ƽ񻨵ĲӣЩߴ翰ڵСɸ㣬Աһ͡
˽ȥ

Բۡ
оտʼ̡
ǻСƺҲڻˣ¶ζڴݼ䵴Ϣƺζ
лл
С˵ţ˵𣿡
Էÿɷش𣺡֪ˡ
ʵղһ˲䣬רȻȥе㲻Ծ
ңǸڴ˾˵ĻԣŻǾе顣
ԡ
ô֪һﾭ
Ų֪ôʳͨĳַ𣿾ħ֮ģ
ŵͷǳɫ峺ףͬӳϪˮ
ֳֿĿž˵ԼǹˣҲԥš
ܸ֪ˣϴʱҾͼסġϢ
΢΢ǣŮĿ⣬þħ㣬ôɣǸĻ´ҾͲôˡ
΢ȥое㷢ȣֻܰԼû쵽öԷûʲôҲ⣬ֻǣҪҵ˼ǣְܵǻصʥǣ
Ҳ֪Ҳȡڱˡ
Ϊ˵Ҫӵ䣬û뵽߽ʥְҲѡص㣬ʱ˵˵ҹľ㲻߻ҪæĻһҪҡ
˴صͷ˵ɣ㣬ܲιԵ㶫ˡȻҲûϵ
ţ
ɤӣԸһǰʱ䷢£Լһجΰ̣Ļ𺣺ͿХħޣЩɥӶÿ͡
ǰ滹кӣҲʶǣǣ˦Ǹҹ֮󣬻ʱҾЩȥˡ
ŮãصͷŻй鼹֪Ҹûо˵ҵ˼ǣҵʱûȥˣǲе᣿
ǡ
ŵʮּᶨ˵
סŮ߬ƣ׵ϸָĴָŵģǼѪϢˡ
㿴ǽȥ˽ףǿӦȥܰˣΪ֪ЩѡӱԶ׵ģΣǰֻ뵽ԼҲᡣ
ţ
գգ۾ʥְ𣿡
ңһϸʥְֻǴ˺Ǽȣ㵱ʱڱ׷ɱ
ղ˵Щһ֡ô򵥵ĸо
Ų̫ȷؿҲ˼ˡ
𣿡΢Цʲôо
Ů˫⻪貵ǳɫܸӣ˵ͦõģ㣬졣
Ӧþ͹˰ɣŵȻʧЦ˵㱾ԶľͬԼûôⲻѾ˵𣿡
ľϵʦûҿܼͻǸɭˤñס
˵֪ڰοңⲻ̫С
ûôа취ģǸսʿ𣿡
ŵͣһ£֪ЩصĽҲɭп·
ǵģȷʵû
Ȼ̾˿ԲҲйЩֻеܣȫûУҲֻΪһֱܸңҪҿ㿴ȥиƷˣΪǸ쵰ҿܾˣҪ˼װԼǡ
ţҲ̾ϢһҸϣ뽡ֵطֻ㱻˺ƬϢΪȫ㵱ʱֻźߵͬ
ţ
ŵյƯȾ˵ĳǲҲӦñǴأ

ϡͿ˵ܲٿȻת̱Ǹο˵ˡ
ǣΪţʶҶǣǱʶϣһţղ˵ֱܣ˳ӱ׵ģ˷ѵģҾãֻҪûʲôĹֵ£Щ˳ӱܶٶǲñָģ
ȷʵ
ԷƺЩȻ۵ײһĨЦ⣬ôǾͶοԼɣ𣿡
ţ
ܾе㲻Ծ˵ô¡
ŮãȻصͷɨ輸ϵ̣ɫĸɢ˵ۻƵʵͰɫҬ֭ǧ⣬ݮâɫţ̲ʰ쵵ķһԱװˮƲͳ׵ıӡ
ҼǸܵˡ
ڳԸļ϶˵ԱߵڰؿһСʳǰһЩȷƩ˵֮ǰǷԺ͵ĿԣڣҪ׼ɼˣҿʱ򲻹
⻰˵ЩûͷûβȻŵˣСԴܡζǻûнֶ𡣡
Ҹһλħʦ
ű˵ռħʦǰ˵֪Ҷ츳
ҷǳҲ˵ģ㿴ϲңҺһŮѾȡǳˣ֪ҲŲԼأȻҶûʲôøУȻҲûܵ㹻أΪѺ˹ϵȴȻϷǰĻԼʲô
ϸ룬Ҷº״Ҳ±֪ˣϵһ˵¡
ŵĬˣž˼Щ߰Ĺϵ
Է˼ӵ˼ʱ󣬴ɤӣԲ˵ҵǶֻҵĸףû뵽±ǸҺ֪ˣȻֻ֪ĳ˾Ҳ֪֡
ŵ΢΢һû뵽˵ôһ仰
Ҳ֪ıȣǴžȻԸ˵֡
ҪΪҵǸ
Щ˵ֲҪʲôͨʽ㣬ȫ⡣
˿ԡûδ޻κλΪ¸е˵𣿡
ûлԼҲû׷ߣЦӯӯؿ֪
û׷ߣⲻܰɡ
⼸λԼĸ߽ʥͽҪôͷҪôҲģ΢һЩģҲûɫò
˵֮͢ͽ߹壬ЩʥְСҲǰ֮͡
öԷҲûҪѣҺǾ仰ôָе̫Ծ
ⲻ֪ģ˵ûнһλΪ𰸡ҲǸ˼
ŵգգ۾Щ޹ʵĹߴ͸ĺĤԵ̹ȫһĵӡ
ʲô˼

ĬĬƿߣˣֻ˵ĵùǸˣΪҲĻֿԲΪ֪˭ǣˣҪҲǧӦʲôġ
֪ˬľְٷ֮ʮŶʤ
Ҳǰ볡ѹŴ򣬺Ī緭̣ԽսС
۶ʲôƲɻܵˣֻҪսʹʤϣ
ܶǱܺ/Ȼڻ/ϾֱӷҪ͵ϮȻ󱻴ʲôģ뵽;ͷĿѣ
ŵϲ㣬ȴҪҾΪʲô
ųڿֲĻУҶǸû¡
ΪԲС
ϾܶƵĺӶ̫
ȻԭǸ䣬˾ǡš׷ߣΪ
ڸɼ֮ǰҶƺ˵ԷҲȥϾˡȻĶ
ǵģⷢսʤšս֮
뵽ʱһθ
ǧҪɫޱ࣬鷳ڣǸԲУҲܡ㿴ȥҲǻ˳ܵӣ֮𣡡
ȷʵ̫óܡ
ŵƺ鶺Цˣô𣿡
żࣺУӦҡ
ҷģ˾֣һֱЦ·ȻºȤšƣұֳĬһж㣬㲻ڣҾͲ
صͷקŽߴ䣬ô֣أ㶮С
Կֱߵӣʱ˿̣ҹӶĵĽҲָࡣ
һͷŵľɢҹµӡ¥Щ˵ҵ⣬ʲôʣ

֮׺ͣʥ壡
㶫Ļλ߽ʥְ߳һƬݶҪƷˣҺоϵĴڣ·ʦǲûֲ
ֽþ֤
ɵһͷŵľϾҹʵӡܶԿѷҹʣʲộ
ʥͳߵȾһƵ˵ԸĻҺ⵱ĵʦǵ۶ѧģ𣿡
óΪʥʿŶԣһų߷ӣĽҲ
ǰ㻹ڵӡԴնǸҹʡ
һ˾˵̬ȱ仯̫˰ɣ¡
ͷҹ䲻ųüҵĻʲôֵãοڣʲôΣգ
ǣЩص㡣
ɳǣһҹǸӡֱ۶ڼҹһֱ׷˵ӦյϢǰɭֵػʿжӦѾ˵и¹ʳ֣ûз·Ǹҹ伣ˡ
ҹԾ񹥻ٶȷ沢ģҲ̫á
ܿסֲֿĸֺһľ鷨ʦһɭʱ˦ҹʲرѣеͽսʿҲ
Ҳֻʱѡ
ҹʻӰε׷ڱӡĿǱħǻȮֻҪĴڣĿӵԶҲ֪
Ȼӡʧ֮ǾʧȥĿꡣ
ѰµĿ꣬Ǽܱߵ֮ǰһֱ׷ǸС˵ʱ䣬ӦҲ뿪ɭ֣Χˡ
þʿŵѾȥѲˣټĻ
Ȼֱ˿̣ܵûյκϢ
ˣʥʿĴڣûѡ
Ƭ֮˵˵˸߼˼֪ζʲô𣿡
ҪôǱ˲ٿصģ򣬷Ƕħѡ
ʥְϤĬˡ
Σ˵̾ϢֲɭƵѷ죬ѵ֮Ѿ𣿡

֮׺ͣЩ˳Ϊʥ塣
ϢԻڼ
֮׺ͶȺ;ȼһΪ͵ȣеȣߵȣȣߵȣ˾Ĺ׺ͶеȣĳЩаѪ˿ǵ͵ȡ
ڳߵ֮ϣνȼ
Щϣ֮ʥԷӳЧʱΪʥ塣
ٸӣͷŵϻ˾ͷŲֵܳЧߡ
ţ𣿵ϴΣ˵ҾڵĽ֮ǰùľᣬЧȴ޵ģ
Ǹ˵Ľе⣿ɣ
ŷǳȣǡ
Ǽʶ㰡
ԶԲ˶Էಡ˼ƾƾܲµʼٸ߲࣬ǴЩϿʲô˿
ҶȻ࣬ĽҲδͨϵĽ
ʥ壬ŵش⣬Ҳĵûм׷ʣֻ˵һ£ͨ˵ģף
ЦῪЦ
Ӧûİɣ
ԭšִ۶ߵһ·ߣûҹ¼Ҳ˴˷ֵĻ᣿
ůƳʼʮصһСʱš
һ¡
ůĳɢŮԡڵɫĹУϸĽâ˳Ľϣɫӱӳ͸
˵Ҿȼܸߣʥְ˵ʲôѵǸѧʥ
ζźܶ£ҲҪǡ
ŵŮ
ѯʵʱ鵹ԳַĴɰ
ȻŮϵɭľϢԼȶѪŸõζκ˼ͻ룬Ҫ˺ˡ
˲ȴֻ΢Ц̧֣شŮĶͷ
ʱġ


19 

˳˼
ƺʲôϢ
һʱ뵽Լθ̹ԹΪ׵Ļ
ԣνĺӦ˼Ʃ˵ĳֻἰ֡
ôţҲֱ̫ʳ
ϾŵҲʥְߣǲҪ֪Լ²۹˰ɡ
ػһ£ǣֲʥְߣΪʲôҪأ
ţ
ŵƺҲʼ˼⣬֪ܶʥְ֮˶ϲ񣬻иֵùǺڴΪԼ⡣
ţ
ŶԼӦòõģνĺžָˡ
ǲ˵ʲô˲õĻ
͢ȻǹȻʥҲĵ񣬴ҲЩo˵߽ʥְʹʱͨٵĶǹ񣬶ǡ
ԭ̫ǿˣһ˳ܲ
ѵǹĶΨ
ͷߵţص㣬˵ûΪҽ⣬Щͽٻȫȫ˵˵ת˵ʵҲûʲô⣬ҲһЩԹ֮İɡ
ȻûһͬʱͽϾƬ½鲼˾ͽ٣ÿҶͽ
ҵ˼ǣͽ֮仹˫򸶳ģҲǣҲûŷ˭
ͣһ£ǹ»λ¡һǲҪɧ˰ɡ
˼ķԣ֮ǰ˵ǸиƷµĺˣҲԸķء
𣬲˲Żô˵
մŵ뷨϶εߴߴķ˵
һλıԹҲֻЦһ˵Ȼ޴ܵϣ糬ɡ

ŵȻЦ
Ųؿôˣ
ղŵı˼
һ˵峺͸⻪Եޱ̹ϣȥ˵һѷĻԹ뷨
ȫС
Ŷʱ飬ðɣֻǾãܴ֮ЩħҪĴڣȫûӹӦ𾴵ΰoǼ򵥵áˡܸĴڡ
ôİ
ŵ¶ֻȻı飬һתǣȻȺħսУûôְɡ
ţô֪
͢ʷдġ
ŵʮ޹ؿһħ֮սֽ񲻹ǧ꣬伮϶ϸļأĸĸħȱΧ˳˯ѡ
ţ
ˣµȷʵһһܴԴ󲿷ʱ򶼲Ҫ˳֡
Ȼֻǲࡣ
ڷǿĵط֪Ū˶ıƣȫԼ֣һ˰Χȫ˵֡
ЩޣϬ˺ܶ
𣿡ԷЦһֻ˵Ŀڲźܺá
ǰɡ
ѵԼҶڽʦᳳܵݶˣעԼ
ЩҵţҶҲ˵ܾͲټˡ
ôأʲô̬ȶԴҡ
ŵֻͣͣˣǾ˰ɣϾѾôˡ
ʲôŶʱҲˣҶûҸղǿЦģģҸ׼һĻӦô㣬Ͼһܵʥְ߿Ҳ֪ġ
˳һ´ܵʱҾң

ʵ֪ԼΪʲôҪҲ֪Լ᲻Ϊҹ¼ô´Ρ
ˣҲǶ⿪ŵġ
Ǿ˵ˣ
ٴʱԼӦˡ
ҵȥԸϾڼǸڻ
һƬľ׵ͥԺͣм͵ûӡһյƺЩǰѰ⼲Ĺ壬Ȼ䣬˻԰ﴫŲ
ԼЩϤ̸

浹ù
Ŵæת߰ɣ֪æǵǸղ˵õŶ
ֲݾܾءԼһͷҪƻ
Ȼ󣬴ŹһŮר΢ЦƵ߽ͥԺ
ðǰδ򡣡
һʮݻͣǰϻŽصĳţŷʵǾޱͳǵ۶Ĵʦ֮һҵļһգƥȻһԽѩɫëڷзţʮλá
ǰվɫӵأɾת̽ѰҶ
ڷɫƽȥƺ㵭ղں˭˵
ȻԼǾ仰
ҲþȣϾҲҶ̸Цйϵ𣿡
һΪʲôȻŮ󣬡ҶĵЦһǽ͢ĸ߽ʥְ𣿡
㻹Ӷ
ų˳ǣսʿƵǰģ
ǳĬضŶԷ˫ǳз·ͬʱȼս
Ҷˡ
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Ҷ
ЩؿǰŮöԷ⸱̫ƭԵϲǺ˵ƢЩΥ͡
ԣеСԸĹﶼǿɰģ̫ͲŮˡ
Ҷ˵ȴղᡢһζɤ
һŶЩʧ˭еϤͿһҡڵˣ
ͥԺλ֮䣬мһʹȪΧʢŵɫͽ׵ʮСɢΧмֻħش˯
ԶĳмеʦԶԶߵ龰ƺи֪Ҷݣͬǽһ£ҾһͣΧⳡ־硣
ƷΣҶȷʵһΪСӢӣݺ;Ҳе㴫ˡ
ڴţǸƿɳµţһûʲôֵ˵µڻŮ䡣
ڻ𣬴ǻԺһЩϲּĹϵ
ܿ죬־˼䵽ܵиִӹļϰʿŮЩʦͣϷҲζվһΧ
۹ҲãҶƲ˵ȴǺ˸ѡһֻزصˡ
ҶԼˣƣһ޷ܵ
ϧǣȻ޶
ǲ⣿
ĪؿǹµͽǵĻȥʥǣ
ҶȻǹͽ
ˣȥĺڰŹ¹ϵĪ棬ڰ֮ŮٶİгߣԸְϵŮŮ䡪Ʃһְѵھ԰ϳӰɽǱ͢ɱİҵĻӶӳ
Уֱ͢顣
֮񿴲λС㣬ȻΪǽͨܳ͢ڹ컯֮£ֻڰ⿪ϷӡΪ˵Ҷ
ˣҶԽ͢͹޺øУѽֻΪĳЩԭ
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ˣҲԼûϵ
ȤţĲٿ˵θڵˣ
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Ϸʱӿ˻ﱧŵ·顣
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ңһԼжˣǿȥôɡ
ڽָҾŵıս״̬¡
ӹůԶ̸ެʢĻдеĳϵÿһ֫ڣľͻҷ
ǿйٲ׽κһ仯ϸڡ
ˣҶࡢҪץסĺ߲˲䣬ſԱ˱ܰ벽
ֻ޳ӹߣȻڰйһۣһֵĽǶȿǡ

һжͨжʯȻڴſⲢȴüӦٶȡ
Էƴʽٳӡ
ҶɳѪȲ̵ĵ³֮Ҳйս֮£Լûʵս顣
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Ц
ҶҪɱ˻ƴ϶Դ£˭ռ˾Ͳ˵ˡ
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Ҷһ¶ƴΪʵ̫࣬ڽӴʱֱնֵĽºͱ˱ȽģΪڴĽࡣ

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յķе˰
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ҶɵϽʣļû̼ˡ
ЦһͷɨŮȭͷ
ͮѾѹĽСʹõĿǱԼɱĴʦĽֺγηһ׵С
δһ䣬Ȼе츳ҲҪǿߵŮ֮
֪Ļ㿴
ХĽâ˺˿ϼٿȻţѪȺӿ糱ɫĽŭжײ
ȭȭ
εĳ𵴶ҵţǵķ˿°ڡ
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ȫ
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Ѫ˿ȺĽУһȦȦƷѪɫ⻷
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ѪеЦ͸
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ЩЧĽ
⼸óУһֱϰţΪյĳ׼
ڲաʵҲ֮ǰ£һ㶼վ׮
ȭ֮кȻֳһתѪŤĽ۳ɷŭУƺ˲䱻ɣľ󶼱ΣյŤ
ŵѪͬĵ̰ĿֲڶĺХ
־ĳ£Ҷ޷֮ˣשʯȳһĹ֡
ʮ׶δסΣֱ㶵ײڴʯȪϣ
һȪĽˮغȻѣϷʹ׹䣬峺ˮϡﻩһء
ȫȻ


20 
ͥԺżȪ̮һ飬޵ĽɫˤˮأãȻʪĵϷ塣
Ҷҧվﻹһհס
ڽ񣬻סȻһЩˣҲԼս˵˱ɺܶ⣬ûʲôصˡ
ң˸ղǸ˲֮⣬Ҳûħ
ŷԼԴĽһ֪
֪ԷǸţҲֻΪнĻ䣬δսĥѣС˵Ĵ۵Ŀг
෴
ҶʵˣȻÿοƯֲмЩ̷Ļֻһֵĸо
ҪԷ;ҪŮ˳
һֱΪⲻǶôѵ¡
Ȼʱ˿̣Ǹڷ۵ŮǰԶһĨϵѪһ߼ڵˮС㡣
ΧĿɿڴʥְҲ׷׻ˡ
ʦ۵°СܹһЩ޹ѵС㣬͵Ȫ߸Զ˹
Ҷ
վԱ˼ؿŴš
ⱾͲһһĿ֮£ʵ޷ȥһСŮ
ǵģС꣬ʮСŮ
Լͱһȭˡ
ȻҶȫûɥʧսһǱԷ֡
ССΣջɵսһʱʧŭʧȥǣǻѪڡ
ڣСŮվһԣһ㵸ļ˵
Ҹ˵ֿˣû뵽㡪ҼһܻܵȪ˵ˣ
Ҿ֪Ҫ⳥Ǯ
ƺҲ̫ʲôʮ˸ҰɣĶǶ𣬻Ǯ𣿡
յһͷӶС˵˼䡣
ȵǷֿʱվһԵĺڷ䲻ؿʵǱ˴𣿡
޹ء
һ㶼ԼսҹʵľǸղŲɣ
˼ǣ
ҶЩؿΪռ˱ˣһҧ֮ʤѷ֣˳Լ
һǱŮվԭأұ˺Ѫ죬ֻƺ΢΢ѪˮƵָ⣬Ϣµ䡣
Ȼȥȴȫʹ֮ɫиûаίġ
㡭
ҶȻԼЩСǣ˻ܺһѹҪ˵İοȰ⡣
ſһۣ𣬲Ǿͽˡ
⸱ȫҪο
ηչҶٴηס
һԵļ˹СΪͷ
߰վţʰ׸ס˿ڣѸֹѪϣʱͻָ
һʽ߷ʽĵսУȷϲټҪôͬʱͬȳ̶ȵټսҪ˴ȥ
ʥְҲԹڵݡͶһʥ˻Ѫ
ҶһԽƵĴţҼǵ
һΧ۵ļʦʥʿǶһۣЩȡ
е֤Ƚףϼͭͽ˽ѾΪֻͨڲ߶Ǵʹ󸻺
ϽһʦǴͻֱҵУҪô֮߸ҪôѪΪĳ˵רͨ˸ûлᴥ
Ͻ֮ϣ
ıУܹ̬һ൱͵Ʃ˵ϵӣʱҲԻռǵ̬ӡƤϡ
Ȼֻ֮һֻҪħӳ֣ϽҲ
սʿǶԣһĽصศɡĳֲļӳá

ҶȻûŵǶ֪˵ȫҲֻôһĴڣѪڴŵϣֻû˼ʶĿ
ղôó
Ҳû
ЩĪȻ˵̫ãȷʵмӳЧȻ֣Ҳε˭֪ܺǱƴװ
𣿡
Ҷζؿ
ҲвƯｻֵľʱˣͻض½һ䡰㶼֪ҡǱ͵ϮһצˣȻ͵ϮŮˡ
ҶǵãԼһؼʱʤ˶Էز䣬ֱóѩ̾ʹûл֮
ʱҲû⡣
ǰˡ
һδˢҶ֪
Ů𣿡
ҶսʿʲôŮ
һӾͲµԷʲô̲סЦҲȥעԱѿɫ
Ůˣ˾ƫȫ˵ģҼʶˣҲûȫ˶֪ô￴Ź
Ĵ˾ˣ
ҶȻǸĪʧ˺ܾõʥְߣͷҪץԷļ򣬡ôˣ
һԵּζʱΪ֮Ŀ
Ҷ˵ԶЩʥְ߿
ȻվԱߣԶʱʮ־㤣û˵ֹϵ
ûˡ
ŷӦܿ죬ûشҶ֣Ҹղˣˣ˵һнҴô򵥣ҲҪκҵս
Ҷ
ƽȻҲܸоĲѾһˡ
ˣֱҡ
ޱ˵һԸѧϰһкֵཻܶĻᡣ
һ˲䣬ҶȻǸŵˡ
Ǹ߽ʥͽڱֻΪǴŸ˶ԷȻȴ˽Ը¶棡
ΪʲôΪάǸ˾
һ߽ʥͽһ߽սʿһ˽ҵĸ߽սʿȱȽǣȻʥְߡôˣҲҪҴš
Ͼʥְ߶ƷеҪһǱ֤ʵⷽпᱻѺȥʥǽУػᱻְͷΣߣᱻͷԶʹʥ
ȻܵƳͷĸ߽ʥְָϾǽ͢ĶǼΪصĹ̻ʵȻԸʧȥǡ
ǣһδʥְȻЩָء
Ǻͱ˵ȾҲԳԼ֪Էѻ飬˵񻹵ֻһź˿ĻԼعˣҲʲôĺ
ˣȴǲرǸˡ
ǿһ˾
Ҷ֪߽ʥͽ´˾սǿǣͷһܣȻսʿѾȫҲ޷һ˿һ
뵽ŭɡ
Ǹ˾
Ҫˣÿֶ·мôվʲôǲ⣿˻Ķӣ㾿ǲŮˣ
ţ
һãȻ֪Էַʲô
ÿ뵽ŵ޷սӡ
Ȼ֪Ǹ߽ʥͽǲ֪ΪʲôܾҪ
ЩʡʡɣŮĬĬһ¿ˮ絽ԼϣҺ۲ͬ˵ڸνġŮ󡯶ҶҲʲôЦ£˭óȥս˭ñ˭˭ǿ˭ЩԱûϵϲʲôˣȻԸ߾ȫԷŮ
ҶǵһĻһʱҲЩȻ㡪
нҲСӣһսҾͲҪվڱñǳ鷳˼ֲǷҵġ
ܹԲˡ
ԼǲŮ˺иëĹϵһϲ֤һġҲҪȥǮˡ
׼뿪ʱʥְߵע£һֱĬغȻһվס˾𣿡
ţ
ԼѪѣҶһ֮⣬Ҳûôˡ
˵
ָһгһѹʵѩ׳ϸ;£ů⣬һȥ֪ǷƷ
˵ôȻϲ˱
СעĪһ
ҵƷһ˫־޽Ϊ˪Ҽ̳ˡ۹ϡšСһѩǵϸͺССˡ
ѽǼƷıԣıԽ
ڽܵ͢ʹǶܾȻҲֶϽŵʹ࣬οΧ۵ʥְԽԽࡣ
Ƴ˼߽ʥְߵӰ΢΢һЦʲôƾʲô˵ʹ򡣡

ؾܲ˴ӣҲ׶ԷҶǸҰƽ񣬻һһվڱ
ǰǿҶվԼǰЩԼ˶ڵء
ʱܾޱۣǷо۵ҪҲЩҡ
Ŭάһ˾
Ҷսʿλʵûߡ
ҧ͵һ̧֡
ѩһƬ˪İ׹⣬ĽѸâǰ
ŵ˲䣬й⻪תһɫʥɵĻڶ
ײڻϣǵɢ㡣
һ˸ǰͼѪȾ͸֮ء
ͥԺʥְǷ׷ǷԱߵּζҲصͷ
һǰĽżλ߽ʥְߣ󻹴ԼѧղǸʥ⻤ܣԳеĳ֮֡
µ۹ܵ͢ʥ̷ְ֮أֻӭͽ͸֮ˣλг׶֮٣뿪
Щ߽ʥְ߶û˵ǾһԵĹС㻹ֵԼڡ
һװʥʿ
˿ȥᣬǰҫɫâϣϴ׵ֱǳµϡ
ʥʿװƷʱԴежݡ
һСӳжӳǴӳ
ڽ͢ʿŵıųߣų֮ȻǴӳͨ˵Ƕ߽ϵʵ
ؿ˶Էݣ˵Ա߻λĬľų
Ϊ壬µ۹мӻһ첻µز£Ȼ͢ƣûĸҸҵǡ
ղҶǸ˴ɵһĻ;Ŀڷ¡
Ǽһ￰׵ˮƽҪƾֹĽô£
һָԱߵĴţȶֵģ
Űһۣȷ
һʵҶ˲Ƶߣ㣡
汧ǸС㡣
һЦе˵ղ˵ǡǰ֮ǰʲô£Ҳûпġȥ
ţۡ
Χʦ̿صͷ
˵Ѿмִʥʿ߽ǰҪ롱˵Ķٲ뿪¾ͻֱӱӳȥ
ǣôˣҲ̫ˣһʥְ߶ǡ
ҸǽҴǽǸҶԣ
Сǻû̵ĺֻ֪øвǣ
һϵľųЦע㣬ҵǳսһӳȥʱСŪһ·
㣡
غܹ裬ӶʱҲˣҾЩҲҶˣڶԷ֪ݵǰ¡
ޣʲôʱֵǰʥȥսˣϾ޳ػʿںսͽⱷٴٳԻҲʿԶʮ֮˾Բþʿţأֻ֪ʥǺ͵۶ܵ£һȺ˰Ǯ棡
Сģ
Ҷһ§סص˲Ƴʮ⣬Ȼδء
ӽɫʥӰζ磬ЮŲɿܵ
˸ӦͱصسɳȥֱԾΧǽˤĽֵϡ
һ¸ǽѾ󾪺һƬҵľ档
ͥԺٴһƬš
λǸûعԼĸλˡ
Ǹӳޱ˵֮ǰָصˣһΪ࣬һڣΧʥְǷ׷׵ͷ뿪ˡ
ּζ͸һรҲһˡ
ͥԺת˲ˣֻʣһλȨصʥְǣôϳƵĴײ˰Ŀ⣬ػصɨŴš
Բ𣬡ԥſǸӳҴȪô⳥
ӳµݳһ˿Ѻۣ
㲻⳥
ǰ˵Ĵ̨ףΪػӻ֣˵ĵңϾж֣֮ǰ¥϶ˡ
ţ
Ըղ˵ʲôûȫΪ˰ɣ
̫ĽٱȦոͻƣʵս̫٣ʹʱиãҲ̫׿ƣ
Ŀɿڴ
Ŷȫˡ
գգ۾⣬ĽƺᱻѪҺ˵ƵĽЩŻȰϵи򵥵ķ
ųĬһ£ûŽĻ̸µ𣿡
֣ѩ׷ƷϵĶռҫâЦţǽƻĺ궢ס
лһᣬС㡣
һ
ν̻Ѹߡúžͻᱻͽ򡪡
ԭģһν̻ʣ֡
ƺν̻ʵѧӦǼ´ѡˣֲǰʱľų͸߽ʥͽȻл˵Ҳûʲôˡ
ôղ˵Ľ취鸴ӵ֣ǳΪʥְ𣿡
ʮصͷͨʽǳΪʥͽʥʿְĸţǺˡ
Χĸ߽ʥְϤ˹
ǿһص̬һ˫˫Ϭж˸סڳ˼Ů
ĴأС


21 
۶ֵѧԺڽϺõ￴ˣƽʱõķݴʱҲɨЩӵӳʻ룬ڶݵϢִҴææźǰвԣֱӸϸѡѧԺ
ӡмһյݻȺӰæʹӣ˵Ͻѧ󣬸־ŸѧԺǰͥ
Ȼһط⡣
µ۹Ψһĸ֮ǣҲǽ̵ܳ˲ŵѧǶ׵İħ֧ţԶڸ֮ϡܿܿԸ
ԸҲһһУȻͨ˵֮ħ֮ʥ֮ѧԺҲᳬλʱֻС١
ļǷشӸеִѧԺԶгɰǧͬʱУʢҲҪЩԼˡ
һĽ֮¼ȡ˽
սʿѧԺǧѧԸһϵб׼Եùڿϣﻹѧƶȡ
ˣÿһӰǵȥ
֮в㣬ƼĽӴ
һ޵Ů΢΢°ͣؿڵĴʦռԣΧŮϿЩɪ
Ȼ֮ĳЩ涨Ʃ˵δȴﵽ׵ˣԱ¼ȡǣܹ뽣֮ûġ
ǱԹ츳һţֻҪõõص䣬պǰ;
ȻҲЩ츳ˣһóɾ͡
֮ҪΪ̣ЩδüӴͱѧûֵصͱԸ
ûǣԹңûмҴص䣬Ҳƽϵص䣬뽣֮ΪľǵõЩؽ׵ص䡪
н
ˣûôŮǣǰǵĿﶼЩսսһȥľԼ
ǲڷħʦҲӻʥְߣҪõص䣬ͱ롪
Ǹʦͦص˵ǰȻֻʮҲԷһ˵ˣڸʲô
ʦʮֲصĳط˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
ڴм䣬һȺкΧһʮòĺڷŮеŻش⣬˵ԺϽһҽܣȻ
Ǹ΢΢ͷˮ˫ӯӯﱻһħͼ΢Цźǰ֣ԡ
㣡
ǸĴʦڵһ֣һͬ߹ȥȥǱߡ

ڷƵ˵ͳ඼ΧĿƵض
ƺҲϰעӣҲҪص䣬Ϊǵݽ˵ģ
㲻Ҫ
ʦ΢΢üʶô¡
мܹһδȴﵽף˸߼ص䡪ص䲻ǵؽ׾ףΪڲʱʯϴ㼶
֮רõĲʯ뽣ʦĲͬˣͨĻƽ׻ص䣬޿
δﵽסȴֻܴͨµʱҪ뽣֮ǩЭϵϵĽ
ǡ
ҲƵĴ󸻺дصңͨ˾ûлӴϵص䡣
ڷŮͷǣҲҪǿԼˣùҡ
ȵȣ
ڶԷתҪΧк˵ʱʦ۾˴˵Ŀ֮󣬲ڣֻ֮¼ȡ˾ŸˡҪ佣ص䣬ȷ֮һ㾭𣿡
ѯѧǣڶβԵݡ
ڷ˻ڵĽҪȥʵݣ԰ɣҾͲš
ǵģʦ°֣ͣʵҲ𡣡
ðɣ߶ͣʼ磬ݸ鷳ˡ
ʦЩҭסС̬Ȼԣһʱ˵ָĻˡ
ֻûһѽӹڱĺʯϵСͼħλãۼħâԱ໥ӵħҲһС֣ºͼַһӦȫ
Ǵţ
ʦ𾪵̧ͷΧļŮͬʱ۵ɻͲţ㡪
ҶȻڲǰű¼ȡΪĳЩ¼ڽ֮Ѿ൱ˣо鹫ӨĹϵڱǽֵ
ģǸСǳֻɫδޡ
Ҷ츳ƽݣΥ泤ԼҪ˻飬мֱȻȻͽһпСˣ˵ҲҪ뽣֮ǵȲȥҶֺˡ
ڡ
ԸҲᣬǣɫ
ֻɫĳ̶ȣǿֻϵŮǣŸҳòˣЩ˸ǶҪˡ
ǶԴ˻һ֪⼸ѧǣֺЩԾˣΪϧؿŴš
ģҶСǺˡ
Ǹƽ񡭡
ŹôӣǷ׷׷Ӧŵ˼ָ߸ϵĳʶԷζʲô
ϧЩԼúÿͺΪ
ǰںҲûˡ
ǿɲ˵
ʦ˵¼ȡħȡֶţϾЩƾһҲԳĺĳ˭Щ˾ͳһء
һԵؽӹҲǵĻ磬ԺʵˣһҪʲô
ʵսĶβԣʦƲƲ죬ڻþ䣬ԽӦáҪڲϣ˼Ϊʧܡ
ţʲô
ڻþĳ˵Ļ
ʲô˼ʲô̶ˣ
ʦ΢΢°ͣΧļŮ϶¶Ϸɫ
ɤӣΧ˶ǣܳѪһѪС
ţ
ĽֻѪ״̬²ܷӳĿǰԽƿػȶͺԼˡ
ǰ¶Цݡ
ôȥ𣿡
Ҳȫص䣬ȥٶ˽⡣
Ͼ˲ԣЩѾؽ֮
һụ̧̂ͷǸʦǽ츺Ӵ鳤ɣôƺ
ᣬʦһҵĵʦͮ£ͨˣҲҳΪѧ
ΧŮʱᣬ֮ǰôû˵
ȻܳΪµѧ
ⲻƽһ㡪
һŹаصѣ˲˵˵ôʮܳΪʦأѪȡĶ˵ٹˡ
Ӵ˶ڿᣬЩǣû뵽˾Ȼͮѧչʾİ̬Ⱥʢ˵̬ƺҲӦˡ
֮ѧǶ˽˵ĵʦȻʦ֮ҲкܴĲࡣ
Ϊ۹Ĵʦ֮һͮǰιŮιãҲΪС㣬Ѿ콣ʦƾݣͿԻøµľƣҲϲƺͷΡ
֮⣬֮Ψһĸ߽ף߽ϵŮԵʦ
ŮѧһⶼǳѧǻһĽΣǺʵŮ񼶵
ڴҶһŮ䡣
ʵҡ
Ȼҿ䣬Ÿղû˵Ļˣ㲻ϲڻþԣҲ˵Ķ֣ʱƻݶԷĽλ仯
Ҳͨأȥ
ǵǲá
ԱһŮ죬ֻĿ֤Ľ϶ȣԼصǷҪ
ûͨԣЦһҪϵ

۶ϳ
ҵĻۡڸߵأͥԺһƬŽأȴսš
ӶǴײ
վܸеһƬɱǿߵѹӿ˼͸
վڴĹŮҧ촽ί
ǸһȣʱͶҿڳԣǸҳƽˡ
֪أ
ǰϵ˷ŭİµĲ輸ȻȴȻһɳصѹˣȺӶܲס˵ϡ
ܵЩʥְߵ˵Щ㡪
Աλϵļ˵ǰȵš
ĺڷ˹豭һڣȻִӰ״һģԱſһֻҰľ޴Ȯ
󹷰ųһֻɵëֻס˻ιʳ
ʵɣףղ˵ҲʵңҶǼһҲûоλ
ι²豭ҲȲϣҺôЩҵ֮£ҶҲǼˡ
ҶҲͲĸǺˣ
شҶ츳һ٣㲻ǿĳ
￴ˣ
ڷĪطʣҪҶֲƷԸβҪģ㲻˵Ϊʲôˡ
ҵȻ
صҶȹҺܶΣ֮һ֪񡣡
𣿡
ںؿһۡ
ħǵزë׵ԴѹڲʺٵĴϣһ߼ͶιʳһЦǾ͵Ҳ֪ɣһһƽС㣬ҾͲһҶ𣿡
ôһѵ㿴ϴŮˣ
ؼֱҪˣҶĻԼûб
ǰԼڣҶδ޵ˡ
蹫ɭ䣬ɫ¶ȣСŮѾҪϵǸɫˣҶأȻҾܾǽںεأ
ǰҲ˽ǸСŮȻһ˰ˡ
͢⸱̬ȣҪϿΪصĳͻʵھ⡣
蹫Դ˵ûʲôоǺϸ˴ŵݣСһеݹϵҲûǸͷˡ
˵ʲô蹫һ䵭ؽ˵ŮǰҶǸʲô£
Ǹ
Ƴһ۾ϳ˵ֶƽ˵ŴĿģǶԲţһë㻨Ǯ⳥ˣⲢص㡣
أҲλϵҲ̲ˣǼҺܵļλ㲻ԸҲӲǿ㣬ǣҺʹ绹иףЩ˲¹ͷʥְ߽ϵұﶼ˳ȥˣ¾ݲ˽ᣬһУΪ˸ʰ̯õġ
磡
Ůżίض˶ţֱֳ㺮İɫֺЩһﻹΪˡ
أ蹫ŭɶشƺŮ˵ĳЩҪۣҳȥѧǰͲҪˣ
պԼ֪Ƕ˵ȥһⲻ˵ġ
ңҶûʸһҵĸۡͻԸˣڿʼؽգѧǰǿ϶ˣ
ҶǼһͦ˵ġ
̤ҵţӶսսصͷΪһĿĴʦȻԼ
̵˵ţԱ߻ϴħ޽ĵڣȥǸ鹫ߣ˵ҵŮҲһȣкܶ಻岻ĹϵҶ˵
̾˿֮ǰĹ䣬ȻΪЩŮ֮ԺദȻûʶļ֪ҺԺĵ⽣ӰҲǸɵӣⷽȴ浽޴
һһ蹫ȴֻԭز˵
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蹫ô˵ţζƳһ۳ӣǸС˽͢ͱЩеûˡ

һŹĲӣĲɵ˵ʲôҾͶħһƯѣ̫˰ɡ
蹫
Ҳԡ
һĹܹһӡ
˵΢΢̧ͷǻԸμһʥ񣬻񽵣ƺҲһ°ɡ
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ٶûõӦֱܾʧܶûйϵġ
һɹٻټΪ޷ܡ
ݹ۽͢ǧʷĺֻһ



22 
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ſǰһˣǰȻѧϰҲȥˣû˻ץңҪϵҵĽɣ
ǰȻ󶼹Ц
ǼкЩϧؿǴҲܲµʲô⣬ҲȻˡαҪҪʹĽأ
ϾǴ󲿷ѧϰΪ̧ԼݣҸ˼ˡ
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۳Ū޺鷳ϴϲûǿзϵĽ㲻ͬǰ¡ҪȥˣϾͨԣ˵Ľ
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ƶĹ顪
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Ƿ׷ſȥֻһȺŵʦµи߽սʿǣ̲ž⣬Ͷ·ͮȻУȹװճ𱬵ߣؾɢڼϣԣʱĿ⡣
עģЩʦǹͬӵһ׷ԲԵߣղſڵ
ͷȴ壬ʮ㣬뿪֮
Ҳ֪ʲôѾѧ̬ǫѷǷ񣬴תʱС۵ȻǸԺ£⻹ҵһμŽǿߡ
֮ļλԺȫǾŽսʿʵĶǿߣֻС
ȻǰŻ뼸λų̸ĺ޲
ʱи˼Ҵҵ߽Ժߵͮ˵һ仰΢΢һ£ž;ɲؿš
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˵̸ýѧȻ޷Աߵļʦȴ߽ϣˡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôҲνˡ
뿪ѧԺȥ̫ݵӦ˵ĻһѧԺ㲻ҪҲù飬Ľ
һƬţֻʣԽǳĺ
Ϊ֮ĸԺǽʽλĸ߽սʿ䣬ͨ˵ҲмȥΪһСŮ
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ⷬΪֻǲԸһ֡
ͮûҪѧЩãͬѧ˵˼仰ѣټиԺСԶˡ
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Ŀ֮ûκζħ
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23 
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ΪѧԺ֮Ρ޽ħ֮ˮĳȣʥ֮ǲʮּܡ
ʵϣڰնƵΰȷʵǹ̬ǻĸͥԺ԰ǻӵĻȡ
ԶңʱԸֻ֣һƵģ״
ʥ֮ԣʮ״һ㵽ʮŲ㣬ʮ㵽ʮⶰΰȫƽġ״ƵĽǿƽʵȴħ֧ڿС
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ΪĽ״޷ݣħҲֻܴ͵µѰ鼮Ҫϵ¥ݼ䴩УʥְǾЦؽ֮ȳһ
ŵߴ͸ǽĻħչ˸ķ以๴ǶףżĽɫͬˮڶ⵴š
ҲΪʥְǻһ½ǡ
ĳʦЦ
Ͼսʿǲʦǿھֹ״̬ڤ룬ͷħʱҲҪһ̶ȵƶΨʥְǣĿoĵǰһ
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ס˵ѡ
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ŮһĿ⸴ӵעǰ񣬡ֻˡ


عƮҡ㻨԰ƵУ֦ҶɫĹߣççֺ֮⣬ϡǵΡΰ
ǳĬУΣһãȻؿڣš
ǸӢ꣬ɫҫŨҵĽ죬Թڣȵ˲ֱӡ
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Ͱҹ֮һۣıһޣǾͨĳЩСϷֱӾɡ
ÿͨʽˣҪʥʾףȻ񼣴½Ǵ಻࣬ΪǶǹڴ͸ʵȻͲˡ
ڴ͡
ϰ˱ѹեǺͶħɼܡǸͽ͸ֻ߰Щʥְ񽵣ҶԼɹĹˣֵ£Ҫΰܵˡ
ҽʥھ֮أһ̶½ͨһ˲ʽ̬ĻǵͻᱻʥšͽĶǹ
ȻǲĻҲεԵظףˡ
o뿪ʥǾֻԼˣֻͨоܸߵЩ˲ܱ
Ҳ˵˼ѵؿڣߵ𣿡

ҽʥ
𷢵бڻƽϣֵʥٹģӢͦݣΨ͸ǳһƬݷżְâ
ţſտյʥʮ˵ȷʵֻˡ


24 
ҡ֪ǷΪ֪Ƭ½ϣÿ춼ͨʽΪ׷ߣÿʱÿͬʱ
ʥְŵʽֻѧԺ
κһֵܵӵʸʥְߵݣֻЩ˲ᾭѧԺϵͳѧϰˡ
Ƕ˵Ϊʥְ߲κ˽ܻšҪõͷǷĵҪ̷oԸΪġ
Ů߽oҸ˽࣬½ϵκһǻ壬ж˽طأʹǲҵ뷨ֻҪѰļС̷߽Ǵڵ壬γһĿأ
۹Ƿ˽࣬Ŷ˽
磬ΪϵĴڣУЩȳ֮顢Ķи׷ǣҲЦɡ
ֲħϡ׷ߵ꣬Ҳɫ񣬸׷ϵ塣
һҵͼõľ˶ҳһУҲţ**֮ˣҲмᶨ
Щҡ
һʱŵ˵ߵζϴһʱ־ⲻ̫ܣ˵ʹҲЩΡ
Ȼͷ˰ɡ
ߵȻ½Ҳֹٰʮˡ
ŲȷţԼ˵һᱻһܡֱֻӻᱻ콵ʥ
Ͼһ˵Ļأ
ŰɣϾǿoѾеĵˡ
ȵȡ
źȻһ⡣
ܾԼʥְһݹΪ˶ԷĿȻʹûеƷȴӹɡ
Ʃ˵ԭ䲢⣬ֽЩoȫɵͬΪĺڰ񡪡ڰŮ䵽½ʶЩıҿ
εʶǶôҪĴڡ
ܵгͶ⣬ҲֻΪҶǿˣͳ˴һ
ҲȷʵسΪ¼
С˵ﱩһֱмһˣǸ˹ʺ˵ûǡ
޿ƥе
λ޵֡
ػ
˽Ϊң˭Ʋ
ΰ
һ춯صĴıȻûϸģҲ֪ǵʲô֮Ӧú
ʥಢǻ񻰴˵Ļȫǳγ͸ˮǽĻůչкңħ֮УĻȴδľ
عͷȥЩʦϵظ
ڹ֮ǰǰرĿף·ڵȴʥʽĽ
ԣԸΪսĵˣҪǲҪ
ϸԼ˵Щʲôֻϣⳡ߼ҵòҪ
ϾⳡʽʵǼһ˳Ϊʥְߵľġ
󲿷ʥְ߶˵Ҫľеͷˣ޷ͨⳡ⣬ǲϵߣ˲ᶨ
ǣ˵ģԼĿģԼ½ԿɽףͽĹϵȻ˭˵˽ߵؽأ
Ǵš
һĵù
ĹĻ֮УϸĽɫͬҹͯ׹ӡ
ԸΪ׷ߣߣػߣսʿĽĶܡ
Ů׹ħ룬̧ͷɫʥҫ̲һ貵ӡ
ҡ
ʱͣ͡
εĳѵʥ⡢Ů䧵βϤһ̡

ڴ뿪֮󣬽ӴһݵĳĬ
ľؿһĪ־磬ʱһԲسĬţԱߵͬѧǽһ
ˡ
ʦǼʶ㣬űѧˣȴҲǵһμ¡
ǺЩѧһΪѧԺԼݸеʮԺǸСںˣҫΪʼ𾪹Ȼһӻ
Ǹ¡һʱСŮˡ
֮ǰǶԴĻģǰ˻ľٶΪ˵õ˻飬
ٴġ
ҶԸѧԺͬʱ¼ȡڵ۶ҲЩ֮кøеŮϱȲػλ鹫ȴ޷ܴŮ˽ɻԼȥӽ
ڿʵǷ˻˵ȻҲв˲ôΪ
˵ڻȡأ㿴Ǹӡ
ԼڽͷӶŻ겻ҶЦɵϣ˸ˣҶЩȻЩ𣬵ëҲһ
Ȼòõġ
ᣬͬѧΪСοˣֲǹ壬Ҫڵ۶Ļǻûл𣡡
ʲôá
ƳԼĵʦͮƺڳ˼ʲô¡
ԱߵСصš
Ҳý˵ǸᣬҶҲԽԽûðɣֻͶȥһ񡪡ʵϣ˶Է˭
Ҳʶ΢Ц
üȥȻֻһ˲䣬ҲԱߵĳЩ˿
Ǹ
Ҷһʱڵ״̬
ǰĵʦǻиԺ£ͷζؿ⼸ԵʦҲһ޵Ц⡣
ͮЦЦؿһ˫бɵķ۲תһûϧʧȥһ츳ѧء
ҶҪȥ˼Էʲô˼ǣҴҪȥһħ֮ʧˡ
ΪΨһһ֮ħ֮ͬʱ¼ȡѧҪѧԺºܶ˶֪û˭֡
λ鹫¾ħ֮Ҷֻȥˡ
ĵʦǶҲ֪һ㣬ﰵ̾С޸ǳҲ˶ˡ
λɭ־С崿ǳɰȻľҡļ̳ˣĸףλ¿ɲʲôദ
ҶѾأǿµ۹ϵػӨܳΪ˵鸾
ҲҶ飬ӨضҪصɭ֣Ҳ޽Լԣ֮ҲʱһԵˣܹ޷õġ
Ը˶ôΪġ
Щûе֮⣬ѧԺҲ໥ͨĴͨ˵Ŀռ䷨۰¹ƵһΧ֮ڡԸħ£ǾͱȶЧ
˲Ա͵ʦǣ󲿷ѧʹ䴫ħ
ȻͬʱѧԺ¼ȡˡ
Ҷ·ҵ˴֤Ȩ޺ħ󱻼ҫ۵ɫѾվһϢߴ¯źصֹë̺ŮɳԵġ
ǴŸ죬ȴŸϵʦĻռǣǰĲ輸ϷŶʳ̣ǿȥ۲Щʳȴûж֣Ǻܾò̵سһС顣
㡣
ȿ˽СħâǺڷӰֳ
ӨӨڡ
һʦɳת°ѹֱϣ۾ؿ
ħ֮ഫ󣬵ѧܻȡȨ޵ȴָҶҲЩط롣
ƽʱҲԸЩŮģڣȫû飬Ө
ССȥ˵ˣһʦ˵ӨӨĵܵˣӾɭǧϵ۶ء

ܲһϢ
Ȼûľ£Ǵഫʮദ˵ԸƧ궼ɭ˯ҷǳӾ֮壬Ҫǣʵǿɲ⣬˵յ۹һλʥ°
±࣬Ȼȥʦ֤Ǻýλȥྫʵնɱʮһսʿ˵Ҳˮ׼֮ϡ
ҶηȢ߶ԷŮҪٵսֻǲϣӨǸɭ֣ǸźӶӵ֮ء
Ͼڻ̫ˡ
Ҫ
괹ָȻ߬ǿĿͬзա
˵˴ӽ֮ѧˡ
ʲôΪʲô
ΪҪϵԼĽΪǱ߾ܾǲϲĽΪͳǲӴħ
Ҷ뿪Ϣʱĳ߹ķʦŮ۴սʿѧԺǱϢ
ҾǸ뿪Ըҵõĵطˡ
ҲĽĺǿأڳǰܴﵽ׵˿ɲ࣬һͨĲԣ֪ǿɲһ̯صĽġ
ô
и°ͣȻʶһЩḻսʿ
齣ʦңޱҪ࣬ΪսʿǵܴһѧϰƿؽֻҪǾͨЩɣָܼоϴҲúܿ죬֮ص䣬ѵҲʺ𣿡
˵ܴһΪǣŶսʿǡ
һ˵Ҷ֪˭ɣ˵лԼţ˵Լ˵ȡˣڴԴ߰㡣
ұϼҶоš
Ȼ䣬Ҷĳ
һͳǴƶĤʹŵعĸ֪硪
ǵûƽرľУ
ħ֮ԸʼķҡҷѣǽĻ˵ĳ·ӲıУǧƬըǷĺ⡣
һ˲䣬ĻеƲ㶼ʥѣǺӵʥɫԣԲ֮ϱڶԶʥ֮Ķˡ
ޱ޼ʵĽ纣ϯ̼еĺڰӰ

֮йݵŮе̧ͷ

ô
ңԶλУȻڻӦ
˵ˡ


25 
춯صĽɫ𽥻ɢǵâʧεĲС
ʥﾲһƬ
Żл㱵شħ߳
ħķϨùϷдһҲǸϣǾǲѷ䡪
Щһ֪
ԱߵȺĵʦǰס
ʵҲոմӾ°͵״̬֪Է츳ߣǸղ״̬ԶԶ˴Ҽκһʽ
֮⣬Ҫͨħʽߵĳ⡣
ǵģħá
ܹߵ;ģǷж˵ԵȵȣⲻأҲӦ
֮ͨʽ߾ͻܵ
ʥ׹䣬ŹĶߵˣ
ͨ˵ֻһһ˵ʥ⣬Ǹղֿƺ˵ĻԻ;
ǣŮЩã˵Ҽǲղŷʲôҿ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôܾеϤ
ؼǣô޷ݣڸеǳܡ
Ȼ˵һ״̬
ʦǾϲ
¶˻Ӧ󲿷뾫ǿȶйϵˣȴ޷ס޷ֱݣҲġ
Ͼǹ£λ£ǵĻж̺ǳⷶģԺҲӴѧϰᷢҲһڶĵȫ
ţ
ղŹӦûгû˵ʲô֮Ļɡ
ХŹʥãıڱĲֻʣһѷƬ̮˴ˮ񷶥Ϸ׹䣬ڲԶˤķѡ
θǱʥ⽵ʱƷɣʱ߰ضڽſڡ
ΧһƬǽҲ̶á
ԣһʦܽᣬҼһʽˡ
ţǰ
֪Ϊʲôⳡʽ˾춯أʦǵķӦȻҲǲ⣬ȻʽͽĵһôʱشŹҲʥԵʣ
֪ѧԺǷӰ죬ҶԲǣⳡˤ𵴣ȷʵͺˡ
ϧǣûԸ
ⳡʽȷʵԸҲֻһζݵʱ䣬Ҳûжκʵϵ˺

ħ֮
Ŀ֮ѾʼԶ޸
ɢĲƬƯڿۣ·ԭ˱Ḷֻ́糡ŰԶƴϣһһγ͸ǽĻɣůʣȥ¾ã·ǰѴδ
Щʥְߣ
еķʦԹƽʱ죬ĶԶֳģ
ϵѧǾδǾ˶ƵĳһξҲֲġ
Ҷǵһξִ棬Ͼǰű¼ȡǺĵǸʦ֪ղŷʲô𣿡
Ҫôٻ񽵣ҪôڽʽһѧƲƲ죬ǱȲˣϾӻˡ

Ҷӡ
Ǿڸ֮ϣĤݣҲֻΪǿѡ
һ졪
ȥӿ
ǰߣԶ˴ΧԽƧ
ҶƿĳϢҵţֻ汭ǽ壬򷭵;Ʊ̺ҺȾÿԭɫ
ɭ־æҵʰŵϵĶ

еŮȿ˹
˳һͷ˳ļЩµ崿һ˫峺Ĥ̵ͯɾɭ֣뵽Ĵ졣
ľ鿪ĵ΢Ц۽ǳɫ֦࣬Ҷ뻨һֱΪ˼ĳ顣
ڴůڵչ£ЩǳüҪʧ
Ҷ
鹫סԱߵˣؿſڵĺڷ꣬ҵĵܵУҲǳ˸֮⣬ΨһѪס
һλľת㡣
ȥ̵ۣڶͷţϸ֮
ԽòЩ£Ҳ࣬Ҷ޷ܵǡ
λӵͬĺڷһƯ꣬ȴŮʽºͶ̿㣬¶Ű˫ȣϴİꡣ
Ҷ
ղһ˲䣬ΪǸŮԾ顣
ΪʲôŮװ
ǽ·
΢΢üǶеԷûʲô⣬˵Լҵ·綼ڶħ޵ʱˣ׺ȹҲѪ
ӨҲ̾˿۵ܵܵķҺûˡ
ȹӡ
Ҷȥ˵ʲôȻʮǣ֪ӨԸ񵥴ȻС͵ܸܵãôҲܽ˵
ѧʱӨѧԺʶС崿ƢãپܾˣżԷһνҲͬˡҪֵ̫ܻһЩʹˣǻǵĹϵ
ʵϣǾѡ
û취Ҷֻһ䣬Ҫ·к̵ܶꡣ
֪
С죬Ӵ಻࣬ҲɵϣԷڰָԼòԡ
뿪ɭ֮ǰҾ˵һЩװϵҪ볡йأ·ϼ࣬ʶѻҿɰ
Ҷ
Ҳ벻˭
ӨȻҲʲô⣬һʱҲȥŪҶΪʲôе㲻ԣɴ͵ܵܵĶԻ׻û𣿡
ʵռ治ãʱϵȹѪ߰ߣϴ軻װ֮󣬸ҪԷ˳ɣͱʥ𶯴ˡ
ɨһҶֺһֱڱ⿴
СЩԻ󣬸ӼŶԷ⣬ûУ̫ˣ˯Ժ󿴵µţŷˣֱ档
ûѾͺá
Ө΢˿üЩǶˣ᲻أ
İɣһֱ뿪߾
ʼ磬Ҿ֮ǰܻȥĻװһжûзӦþͲ¡
Ľ㲻Сˡ
ҶЦŴʵĲ˵ԾԼȥǵĹҲǿκ
Өû˵գգ۾ļ˸ףǵҪƺΪ¡
Ҷ΢΢𴽽ǣλδıľȫ޺øУȻϾˣɭ־֮⣬ԭѩɽҡɳĮͺڰĹȫ̲ǱϤƳΰǿ
㲻ϲ
еʵȻԼĸҲη徴˵ϲĵ⣬Ͼû˴ˣΪʲô
ӨҲһ˫ˮ۾˹ƺܺ𰸡

Ҷԥһ¡
һ̿ͣ⿪˶ԷϵķӡԼˣ֪ྫʷ
ʮǰǰұ͢ľӽ𡣡
Ҳһֱʣý˵ЩҲܲ鵽ʿɱҡʱ򰵾Ѿĸ׳ƳˣȻȴɱķ
ų
Ҷţλµı˾֪ȴȻҵ͢ʲô¹ɳĸ
ЩӰɽţ
ɭ־ܶһۣʱʲôϾ弸ɱⲻǸС¡
֪ɱ˶𣿡
ӨĵԴܶŹûкܴȤǣǽ͢ˡ
𣿡
Ҷȫ˵ĻǸ͢ų˵ֶΣǱ϶Ժڰľʮֿݣ˵ʲôֻҪǲͲǵˣʵأ͢༸ڣͻǷɱȫ壡ǵĸδضһ֪ɣ
ǵӰȥٹ·ˣ̶ӻÿͣʱǹӶҪֿЩͻ˶ɱ⣬ӶŹ
Ө˵ţҶҪ֮ǰһ䣺ɭֽЩϢݸǣܿЩ棬㲻ľ飬Ȼ޷⡣
Ҷδ˵ֻ
ʱеţǸаС飬ΪƽȣΪ֮ݻиҡ
֪ǵĸΪʲôȥֹ
غһ˵֪ʱѾˣЩӰħʺжǻڣ֤ݵĻҲҪ͢ˡ
ӨҲ̾˿Ҳ֪Ĺڰҵ£ǳǸģЩһֱڳ˯ҺҲš
ҶĬ˼룬ߵİµؽǶβ͢ɱľᵽǰҵĹҲʥǣ֪ʱܽ˾ȳ
ѵû޹𣿡
ܲǻӦûЩ°ɡ
һλ鹫֣֣ɱÿͺǾͶǻһ
һʮֹĿ⿴ǵһޡ
ԼǸųˡ
Ҷŭˣֲ֪˵ЩʲôϾǲһˣҲͬࡣ

ŭˤˡ
Ȼ֪ȫĳɵĺЧӦ
ƩбûлִԸΪ·յСӹһˣͻᱻҹ׷ĴܶԽԽԶ۶ܱںܾԺż档
ϣҶĳŮħʦ
߱һغص鼮Ųһ£Сݲ꣬æǸ
ΧǸŮƺҲֻڶˡ
ҶĿɨֻǸòƽӹĹҡҡͷʾûʲô뿪ˡ
ʦ΢΢ͷи߸߶ѵ鼮ͶӰס˫Ⱥâ

ʲô˵ʲô
ҶֹסŲǰһȺʦһ˵
ʶȴϤǼˣǶǹѧϰ˲꣬ϢΪͨ
Цˣ˵иǱ֮¼ȡģȺǱ޽˼Ťͷȥʥ֮ôţղŽʽˡ
ԲۣǸոսеʽ
ʣ¡
ȥȥʲô֮ǹİɣ
˵Ҿûǹģ˵λܵ͹ġѵ֮ѧɣҲ֮ǰǴȥģ۶Լ츳͸⣬ȥװģתһȦȻݺݴǵ
ҲԣϾҪص䲻ϸ񣬹Ƴʱͱ֪ͨҪصˣ˵뷨
Щðű޽˼Ըʲôǹܵ𣿡
ĳʦﱧֱЦһǹؾаﲻѧĺħ׷˻ըһƬģ˼ǽô껹úõģƾʲô˵ľ͸ģΪԼʲôޡ
ҶǲԶЩ߲ͣڳˣҲͬѧ
Χѧһ𣬶֮ǰֺʥ
˵ǸСҲǱѧԺ¼ȡ˰ɣֻ˼Ҳмȥˡ
ʦһ˵иҲ˫¼ȡ÷зģû˼˼ңǱϵĴڰ
ΧѧǷ׷¶Ľ
֪ҲȥˣһŮ˵ʥǸλ½ٵħ񣬲֪ûмĺ˧
ʲôҾòʺ֮Ӣ
ιиԱ߲֮Ư
֮µȻÿˣ㲻ϲ˾ͲҪ廰

֮ѧݣ˵ʲôҲǡ
һ̣ҶȻ״Ǿ仰˼ˡ


26 
ʽʽ֮ףףʽ
ף֮֮棬мյĻγȣ˴¿ֻʮιһ·ݵĹʮŲĸ߶ͷĿѣ
ŵתĿ⡣
Ϊĳԭʥ֮ľʮŲڶ˲ˣǶµ֮ǰʲôٲеĵѧǣϲּΧµͬѧ
տյľʮŲ㣬࣬һ𣬱˵ʵ϶ڶűʦӵĺڷŮ
һʽǼԼǷ񱻹ϿɣĿʲôأ
óѧϰʥͣǿ
˵ʽУΨʽ˸оľ
ΪΨһһп޷ͨʽٶڴŶԣǸûкڰϵѪͳ֮࣬ݵ˺ݶҪġ
ʽҪһĴħ˲Եص㶼һ
ף֮߻谵࣬صɫĻ£ס͸Ĳǽڣڱ˸֮⣬Ƶ̨ϣһſҹľɢʵĹΣûλҲûĵֻһռħ
λãɫķͲĹϷӡڵϣܰš
վħ˵λãۼһĽӽ±ŷͬˮ˳Ȧ·ʶ˳ʱ뷽һȦһȦ⵴վܹ߲㷨ЩԲ֮ķģҲڽ֮ʱֻаЩҫЩֻ΢â
ͽˣС㡣
ԶΧ۵ĵʦǳ԰ҲǿСɫе㲻ԸоԼбҪ˵ʲôȻ൱ɫĽ
ŶڹԼʵʵ˵һ֪
Ϊԭû̫ī͢ڲ͹֮ϵǰļҲֻһʷ֪ʶҲЩ
ͷħϻ򰵵ķǣЩַʮİ
Ų֪ǾӦʲôܲ³ŲͬʥЩ貵ģζǿԱѧϰģЩްģζ޷ѧϰģ
ȫһʦΪ󣬡֮ΪļΪе֪ʥ
ңָ˵ϵħ󣬡ܹһʮ֣ȫζţȫѧϰ̶ֻ죬ǾʥЧѡ
ʹʹЩһʦָָĳģҲǻģֻЧܲôɫǾεϰҲȡЧҪ֪ʥְ߶ܰĵ̶ֳȡ
ָЩӯ˽Щ۵ķģʱһѾ൱
ڲԵĽһοԷ֣ħ±ֿ
ŵͷվħں˵λãܱܹߵԲ֮ӡŷģֱ߸ѿÿԲֳ֮Ŀ飬ܹγ˶ʮĸָ
ÿһһʥ߽ͬͬʥܹĸ࣬ǿѡһרޣѧϰضĳЩʥ󣬾ͿԲμתְΪ٣룬ߣȡյʥͣǼ룬٣ߡ
ţʥʿأ
ʥʿҪʿţЩᱻҪѧϰĳЩʥܽ룬ЩȻ֮⣬ʥѧϰȫȡϲãְ׽ֻҪͨͻᱻס
߽ʥְǣʥͽʥʿͨպܶʥǰ־Զ㹻ʱ䡣
˳˼
ǰʥ౻ȫ߸ǿĸĹâǳһǷĶǱŲмȡ
ԼĵĽ
ᱻѪҺѪӾΪȼǶȣҲѡࣿ
ʥʿƺĶ
ԭšҶľ·󣬵̫ȷһ˽˾Ƿƥ䵽˴ˡ
ԭԼƺǷȥص䣬Ȼڽ֮ѧϰ
ڻѧԺһоͶδ֪֮ˡ
תְӦþǼ룬Ȼ֪óְסȻͨǲҲħˣǿʥⲿ˶޷ӳЧԲѡ롣
ȻҲųʵϲʥ
㲻Ҫϡ
ʦۼСɫԽԽ࣬üͷƺڤ˼У̲ס
ӴʥѧϰһʱԺ˼תְ򣬸οҲԳΪʥʿͿѡϲʥѧϰþ𡣡
ʵϣΪʥͽҲδطҪѡһʥ
˭Ҳû涨벻ѧϰ֮ʥȻͲܾתְ
ţ
ֲ˵ֻǲο
̫ǣʥѡǲڶԴġ
ʦζؿڣǿԽһˣʥְԡ
鸴ӵرǴף֮
ĻϵƺֶһЩѧǴճŵصȴΧˣһ㲻£Ȼܲסǳʽ̫ڸߵ
ʦǻǰţžͿŸԼһҽһڴ֣вŶϣ˳ſȥͷһЩһգ͵Ůǵں½ϡ
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֮⣬˺;УǷɫǳ죬еͷë׵Ķ䣬е˦ɵβͣеղ¶ƬЩҲܻغʹŴк
ֵĹ̶̴Ѹ٣Ҷһ֡
ϾԼʽҪɣ֪Ϊʲôʦƺ˽ŲžǿģΪһŮѾ˹һأԴͨսʿ԰ɣǵó
źһѵҪܣ
ǸˣԱߵĺ˺ˣ˹ǶҡͷͷĶȥǼ㵸˵ǵԡ
עԵݡ
һ꼱͵˵ڵľɿɫƤԵúлȥǾסڻɽҾ顣
ٹͷ
ᱻ͸ģ
ǧó
˹Ǳȥ˵ţĳŮƴ˦βͣϲ
ʦǴԼ֮Ĵš
Żǻ߽˴ħΪָֻ࣬ļߺԲʲݵͿϻźʯשĵϡ
ĵһγˡ
ǳĬشſĹ࣬ӸͶϰĿ⣬Ⱥվ࣬Ȼǲʺ֮ͼ֮λ£Ͱҹ֮վڱ˴˵Ķ棬˫ҲڲͬΨйŴš
ߴΡ΢΢ԡڴ͸񷶥·ʵĽɫĪԵôȱʥ࣬յƣƺڵȴű
ʦǲ˵ֻʾȥǰ·һ޹Ĵʯʯһβ̵ԡ
ʽȫɷӵıݽףʽձļʵġ
Ĭһֵʱ򣬴žЩͬѧΪʲôҪóˡ
ڴġ
ȺѪУŮϵȻãع˿г̬Ĺڷʶ͸ŽĹޡ
ڿĵһ̣һֵĴ
ǰѩ׵ʯ·ʥѡ
ŻذĽ𷢣͸ҹʱĻ΢ЦʱȻʧɫ
ֲƷ˵ǲɵһͷβξ
ϥ£Ŭе˫ٹͷǡôָ⡣
ӺΪʹнӻУʹϴӺڰ
ĽȼĻ棬Ÿɫůƣ΢չεͷžĬ
ŲȷǲǻþҲ֪ĪϤдӺζǣΨһϣ
ǿӮģ԰ɣ
л㱵š
Ѫӿ˫ϣѩ׹ҫʥȻ̵ͬĺ˰籡
ҫ۵İ׳һкڰȻ˫ĿҲܸоĹ
Ҳɱһй֮С


27 
ʽȫ֮󣬴żػĸо
ҹıۺ;ţټ̼ڴˣһϵвӰ죬ʱȫΡ
ʦ΢ЦȥڼԼҪʧ̬ȻǶڴŵʽ൱⡣
ڶԼ
ձһı⻬Ƶ·ƣǶŭףгԼʮֳ֣ѪȵĺɫƺһʵѪ
Լʽף֮󣬵еɫԽǳɫĹ档
Ƿ·һ㣬б֡
Сشһ£ָ⴫ȵůо
˵һЩˣڲԼʽʱûбͻʧһα͸ĻᣬԺܲ𣿡
ܡ
һλʦش𣬡Щ˲ûбЩӵбȴûóǴ
˵ǲʾκʽߣڴ͸Դһ¡ĿΪ˽Щҳϵͽ
һλʦգգ۾ζ˵ЩӲҪ󣬻ԵѧԺĺô
ԼٹͷĹݣսʿ߷ʦǵڡ
ڽ͢Щûʾ̬oǰĵˣͻ֮ĽͣⱾض¡
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£ӵֵܵǶѵõʾĻᡪЩʥְ߼ͥ˵Ȼ⣬ĸĳǡ
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һļƤֽᣬбڵżϷͭӣһһ壬ǵĲӡŽȻͬĸ͹ͼƺװʲô
Ǽϰʥʿͼϰʦ£ָŻӣͨʽĶսʿ߷ʦֱӻüϰʥʿͷΡ
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ҲΪʲôʥְϰʦԶԶڼϰʥʿԵʡ
ЩȣҪѡһ𣿡
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㲻ϲңͷʾһȺͬѧǣҲԻˡ
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˹ҡͷɫ̷һԼɫŰɫëʱ΢΢š
ģ⻹ҵһƵĲȭʤʣ˵ڵһѧ֮ǰκҶҪ𡣡
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ŬԼҪһĶ䣺õġ
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ǼڣԸѧ˶棬ѧԺﻹ˻ڲһѵסͱʮְˣÿһȼǿտյźص̺ĹһȴŽա
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ۡ
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ס죬һ˫峺ģãӨ
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ŷǳҲһ


28 
ΪʲôӶʱһʧ㲻ȥɭ𣿡
ԱߵӨҲ΢΢üƺҲΪЩѹ21GGD21
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𺳵ĿһѤõĺ⣬һʱϼεЩĬĵԳһľĻԻʥС
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˵ָħ޵ͷһֻνýëȮ߼˵Ĵȣ֫޳ëɵβͻ
ŶֻƯĹӣԱߵȴûôеĻеľ̾Сס˷ա
񰡡
мŮƵ˵һߣΪ˿ҫϯݣͦ˧ģúÿܴ˻Ǵڵġ
蹫ĳӣµ۹ĴʦǸңҫλϯѾҵˡ
չΪп̧ͷһ񣬡˵𣿡
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꣬ǲ֪ˡ
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ǲŵľ˵סͣмСŵɫףҲ׳ŵʣûҵʬ壬ô֪˭
˵أǸµҡҡͷ˵׿ڳϹ
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ش򣺡˵
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ɵŮصĳ֣Ҳҵļ̳ˡ
ǲʮͻư˽׵ľţ񼣴½ͬʱҲԭǸ򡰴š顢Ҷķ䡣


29 
ʽѧʮʱѧĴ£Ӧʶĵطȫһ顣
ΧҪʥ֮ϾѧԺ֮䲻˴š
ʵʥְвʦսʿƺҲĸؾܾѧԺ̣ʥ֮ĵʦҲΪǽ⡣
ڳװ֮󣬴Ž룬һȥ˵۶
ѧԺڲͨĴ󣬴λ߿յԸ·ڵ۶ĶɭֵӳһڽӴͷħĻ
ЩԸͥѧǣҲԼƬط
ҪΪչʾ뿪ѧУѧԺṩȵȣȻԼҲҪ
쿪ѧˣҵ׬㻨Ǯ
ĳ˹ȡһħᣬһʵصĹ⻬ֽţϷӶĽռǣ·һְֺҵĽܣԼ¼ʵȵȡ
ʥְҲ⵱Ӷ𣿡
Ų̫ȷʡ
˵ͷκ˶ԣ󲿷ʥְߣǶʿʱޣԺӶῴǡ
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ҵĸĸǮǱˣ廻䡣
˹ǸħᣬûҼĽˣϰ֮ǰڵǮã
˵ѾʿŽˣǻ㷢Ǯ𣿡
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Ӷ׬ǮҲ٣еĶţҲܽӵ겻ȻԼͰˮ㡣
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ħռװֱǾӼɱ˷ŻıرƷ
ҲһռΣͲΪҹʵ׷ɱԼ󲿷ֵˡ
ǽָ
ָָԼһӣһŻҰʯ׹ȥƽ棬һôĴռ䡣
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ƽȵʻ۶ĴڳſҲֻ΢һͣ
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۶Ϊµ۹ĳУÿڶοͲιߣҵּΪ֡
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վһĺڷ꣬˱˽һͷںܸߣס˰ֻ΢ߵüǴӰͦ絶ܣ峺ĵɫѩա
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30 
ʦſڲһʺĺõط
ҲûöԷ˵ڷ۵Ѿ߽ħֽ˳Ա߸ϵĹԱƺҲ죬ΪΪڣƺ˵˾ͱĻ
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Χ˼ôħ޷׷ױá
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G͵ĵȼܼͨ򵥣սʿ߷ʦɽ
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ӶҵΧ㣬ɱħ޵ŵȵȣ˵󲿷ǿʵһʦռǣټϳƯ˭ϣԼһÿˣƵܵ롣
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ǸҵղŻ죬˿վԭأЩؿһۣлл㡪
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31 
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ҶվȺӶм䣬ؿ߻ʯĵ棬зѪ콣ĵϡ
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Ų룬;Լü˷ʱˡ
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34 
ܿ죬žͼʱΪԷᵽһҪ¡
ʵ㣬㱻ҹ׷ɱһҹ˲ûȫ󲿷˶ˡ
ŵ̧СļڰοȵŮϾЩħ޵ĳֲ޳Ϊֻҹʡ
޳ΪħǵǿҼʱǱ߽ħٿأǰߣУʳû̫𣬶ӵĴڣĻǾͻԵԼĸֻ
ǱҹʾŶĴӣԳΪĿĵϮȻ󽵵͡
ţ
һ൱Ϣˡ
ȻõʱĳԼӦûͷæﲻκˡڿҹ߻ǾЩˣҲϣЩ˶ħ޵ϾЩǻˣǰһĸĺӡ
ҹʵȻвʥְţ˽ͺ˲֪࣬ڵģԾ㡣
Ҳû֪ͨ
ŵͷʾԼףлȻ˵Լ⣬Ǹ㣬Ըѧϰ֮ǰʥ֮¼ȡˣھʮŲʽˣʽϡ˵˺ܶ໰֪ΪʲôʱֵúܴҲ¿ΪʥԵʣ
ɣŵƬ̣ʥҲãĻӦҲã׶Ϊϲ㣬ҲܵʱǡķԣȻ󱻴أ
ɫ߰˵һѻҲȥûŪҾͲˡ
ŵһʱû˵ƺе㾪ȡ
˵ͺˡ
֪ǸռɣʱĿһпȻһУʥְʴˣҲûʱÿһͽģȻһˣ϶ꡪǶԴŲɡ
ðɣԷЩεصͷҲ֪÷ˣǺõġ
ǣźܸмҹ˸ղŵⷢԣټл£ϾǱƼȥ
лպĽ̻ʣȻ˵սҲôڣֻҪڽ͢ȥδĽ̻ʸùϵ׼û
ǸСԥһ£ǳ˳˵䣬лµĹϵ𣿡
Һܵ˶졣
ŵ˵Ŵʵʵκһʥְ߶̫ϤʥĽ̻ʣҲֻйν̸ѣôˣ
š
Ų֪ѶԷлԺĽ̻ʣܺùϵ벻ҪΪߡ
ŵƺȨƵˡĸ߽ʥͽڽ͢Ҳ֮ʥƿطȡüߵĳɾͣΪǵרע
ҲԸֻԼ֪أ
֮Ƽң֪ҲҪƼҲܽʥ֮ǰ¡
һҧѻ˵¶һЩ˵Ҫ飬ǿǿ֣л´´̵λãôڱصõ˼ǽ̻ʱµѧиԶ־Ҳ˵

Σŵ̾ϢһǣŮ֣ڵң㲻ÿôָ࣬ͦоֶǸӡ
ؿ
ָȻԴԴϵشůĴУظܵƵůȣ˾İȫС
֮ǰĸ־ıе㷢ᡣ
һ˲䣬ԼȥʥǣԶǷ֮أȻĻֻڶߣҲֻнҶǸ˳׵ء
š
ŮȻ
˼ؿΪйأǿˣӵꡣ
ЩĪؿ
ѵ˵Ϊ꣬Բľ
㲻ƵĻ˿ܻܵ仯ɱ⡣
ŵͷӽĽëŽ峺ɱ棬ûһ˿һ߼ɵôȻɱˣ
⻰˵̫赭д·ͬˮԷճһ
ȴںԼ̫ˣȥϸ˼ԷķӦζʲôƾ𡭡оʥһȥҼھ鿴һ
ԣֻղŵ
˵Խͳƺߵ˼۾ȷȻ߻һȦǽڡ
Ů˫ĿīȾŨĽ䣬ӻ⣬۵Ĵ·Ȼ̵Ļȷ·ڵȴǡ
Ժﹹ
ΨһȴɫƣȣľԶЩϲҪʵڵġ
ͥԺĻԸķ㣬۳쵵Ĳʵڻ䴩󣬴ïʢܵĳһƬžůԶϷԶΡΰԡǧǰļӳ뾫硣
ǺȻޱʵ
żҪΪδۣȴ漣㡰ľ󣬾ͺͶ䵽ԼԺС
ûмС
һƬڰ𽥱÷ľŻԼǽڡ
ʵˮǽĻϷת䣬ɢǧٵòʣǵ͸״̬޷Լ磬ȴ޷Լġ
Уָܸܵ⴫ݵů⣬ǸȻԱߣഥָδ룬εǽȻҲ֮⡣
˵ǹͬȦڷ֮ء
ɹˡ
Ůл㱵ۣܿ
˸ǳͬ˸ı̺󲿷ʱ򣬾ܱ۾׽ǾȽǿ֮䣬˵ͨħ֮䣬ܱ˴˸ֱ֪ϵĴڣѧ
ʧɲǣȻŴ˫˵۾ѳ
֪ԷǷ񡰿Լǽ˵֪ǽ˶Ȧһ𡪡ӦûʲôӰ죬Ͼղ˵ǽľԶν
ԼԼᵽǽڣȴ˵ʲôҿԸ֪ǽ𣿡
ûǽ
ŵɵ˵ոսľ磬ľΪǿԱıģоϤʹþҿ԰ҵľչʾ㡭뿴Ļ
ǲ漰ʲô˽㲻չʾ£ȷʵ뿴
С˵ҪôϤʹþϸı侫𣿡
μĪ˾ħá
һֱŵֲ粻ܿʥͽһĳʥĴڣⳡ̸ƵͷӼᶨˡ
ȽԪħٿرˮħħȫ̬ġ
ԪطʦʱŻҪƶϰһսʱλħͲҪǸŶԷ˼̽˵˼룬ǽдƭȵȣֻҪȷĿλãʩҲɡ
԰ǧ֮ٿĿꡣ
ĳȣںԼû޷ȫڷͻҹѾϧЩͲ̫ϰֻͷ֪
Ҵȥл˰ɣŵ˼Сⷽѧͦ죬Ҳ޷һ͡
ħſθһ䡣
Ÿղһֱֵˣ̸Щӵľ
Ʃ˵飬ͷоĴʥԣŪԼʩչҺÿζǳɹ
ŮüɫرȻ˺۵ĳߴ硣
ֻһǳǳѪۣһֳ̣ԽԽ𽥱ԽԽ֣ýѪ
뵽Щ棬ڶĻȻֹסǼҾͲ˵ˣǸŰ񾭲
뿪˻԰ƧȣżʥְߴҴҾǶŵϹǶǷͷ
Ҳڴк˶Ͳ
żмŮŵͶȥ޵Ŀ⣬Ҳֻһ˲䣬Ǿó̬һߵĴҲֻ鸴ӵʺá
Ϊɭһ£ʥɳˣܵвĸ߽ʥְ߳롣
ʦʥʿȨ̫Ͳ˽࣬Ҳ֪ڴӲʣĳ˾߸һĪļϰʥʿҲûϵһʲôݻҪأ
ֻҪЩͺá
ŰԱ߿ȥ
ŵЩʥְ߻⣬Ȼһ̬Щк˭ʶʱֹ˵ƻ֡
΢΢ףĹӢ覵ݽûӰУķ仨ڰɫ۵Ľߺڣûٰ볨죬ֻǲϲأ˽׳ŵļ֣ĪͶһԸк͹ԡ
ǣЩоֱܿ͵
ͬʱſ˽߹յȨͼϸ徫µģͨļȨȸΪԻͷŸ߽ʥְߵĴ˾ӡռǣڷɫֱϡ
Ҳϲְ׻ռǷֱϰ
̵ţԼһġ
ְ׻ռֶսʿʦʥְ߶УһЩԼħĴڣ˵٣ⱾµˣҲûٵıҪˡ
⣬ռǲƤϣҲʾ·߿ϣҲ仯λá
£Ʃ˵վڵʥʿǣܻᱻҪûռͳһؿڣԵ뻮һԼһЩشغϣ»ᱻҪ֮⣬ʱʥְǾͿʦսʿһռʾʲôط
Ȼ˵ѡǰΪ۵ģ֮²̫ߵӰݡ߲˵
Ȼ㶼κˡҲֻϲˣַϰ
ŵƽ⣬ŲԸ˵ģҲͲˣСﲻ˵Ҳ֪ʲôϾЩ˿ÿζʥϵģʥõʥԶҪͬһ
һڱģ֮ǰ˵ĽȽ⣬롭ֻϰʹ
΢΢̾˿˼ֳζ
̧֣Ůķ֮ˡ
Ҳ֪ȻԼЩЧܳɫȴζʥΪʥ壬κʥöᷭԵľ;
Ȼͱٴͷˡ
ůڵĴдӷӿƲķ˿Ů΢΢ۣʶ˶Էġ
ţ
ȵȡ
оԼ·һֻ˳ëĹӡ
лҪ˵
ѾѾճߣ챻ߣ(


35 
Сһ룬ԱߵѾջȥƺҲûӦˡ
ļ칫ҶŽգȾͷĹսǴ˽̸ų֡
ŶռǵĴ¶ЦݣԱߴճƷʥʿųҲ˹󻹸żλʥʿŵĴӳĻ彣һĬǰĴ̸
ʱӳǷ׷׸ŵ
ǰĴ㣬Цʱһֻĺ꣬ʱֻ֣鷳ˣ¡
񣺡л£ɸ¡
һϰʥʿ߽ʥְߣʵٷΪϰʥʿͨûмеĻᡣ
˫ݲ˵һϵҲΪ
ֱʱȻ뵽ʵûŵȻӦòС£Ȼ˵ףⲻһƽȵ硪
ôţﲻɴһɡ
ѣ˵˳ֱŮԵļ򣬡ⲻʲô
ƺڻشлĻƺڸߴţҲûϵ
ŵ뿪ʱ򣬴Ż̲סıӰ
ϧӦûʥǵģлеϧ̾ˣϲȥװ
ţ
ʲô
ʥɳĸ߽ʥְǣΪɭֳֶħһ£ż֣ܵ󲿷ʱ䶼æŵ˿ܻܿһЩΪ֪սǰ£ЩʥְǶͦæģżϢʱ䡣
Ҫȥµģɸ彣Ľζ˵֪ôȻûߡ
ţ
ǣܵԼӽ˰ɣ
̫ȷţ˸ղŵľħſΣܴھ͸֪˵ĴڣҪĻҪϰʱ䡣
ǸлģлƼҽʥ֮ɸüζȥѧԺ
Ů΢˵λԣ֮˿ѣҪҷϵλ¸ҳ·ҴžҪǱ뿪Ըˡ
Ȼǡ
ʥ壬ʥ֮֮ܰ⡣
Ǹл˵ʱЩͲ˵ˡ
߽ʥְ߶һۣȻϵ⡣
º͵˵츳㣬δǰ;ȻӦܵõĽҵĹһ㣬Խ㶼ӦõġҲҪãǾǱ˴˵ͬˡ
žԼƺЩˡ
ͶƱ棬Ϊнʥְ߲ͶƱȨнʥְߵϰƱֲ߽ʥְߵһƱôϿԼʱûʲôá
ʥͽǶԣʦתΪ߻٣ͳΪнʥְߣʥʿ˵һʥԺ󡢲ͨĳЩҲԼ²һЩС仯ӳм
ͨҪʮʮꡪ
λųµĻҲΪԼ츳ܿܳΪн߽ʥְߣԲԸ£
Űеļʥ֮ĵʦǶҺܺãҷǳģλµİš
ȻһɫĸȻ𣬸Щվں󷽵Ĵӳǡ
С㣬лЦеؿǰСԸԸ⵱ҵѧأ
΢΢۾
δ̻ʱ׳֦
ʦϵʵʣϾлݣƺҲͦæģûʱԼ
ϴΡһۿҵĽʹòֽ֪ܻ
һ£ؾزȥָԷǽ̻ѧݣ¼ʶ㣬ĵʦҵҡ
ν̻һʱͻжΣξҪѡʮλ´ѡԭӴһν̻лûȳΪ´̣ȥ̻ʣңҶʵ̻ʵĳ̶ȻԶء
ô̻ʵĸ̷
λٸ£ȷʵἫ£˲š
Լǿһ˲Űɣ
лⷬЦƺ⡣
ִϴŵļ򣬡ðɣ㻹ҵĵһʥʿѧȻҵˣܲһֱżϰͷΣʥô
ߺŵʱ䵽ˣ
ʥǺͻƽʮʿţڽ͢мǹʿƼĵطɣߣҲΪȫʮֿ̣Щ֮⣬˼Դ·
ɾվԱߣǰʥǵŵľųݣҪһϰʥʿ£һ仰¡
źԥصͷԸ⡣
ǵʦĵһôζҪţ˵Ҳʲô¡
⣬ɵĿǰʥǵĴųлֽ׶εĿǺ´̣˲ͻǰҲԸԼһôԼҪĲͶƱˡ
ɸ£С˵ҶĽѾãܼţЧǾ̫ˡ
΢΢ףȻķӦԼѸͨеĹϵ⡣
ţʵҲԸѧлһȽУʱˣҾѡĲųǰСˣʲô𣿡
룿˼һӣԥ˵ҪӮǸδ򣬵˵棬ӵϣȻûн飬Ҳֿ֪ͷԼϵ˵ܱܲΪ飬һҪЩ֪ҸϡļһһϺǧǧǸ
³һر⵫Ҳŵ໰
Ź˰ӣΪôűˡ
ȵȡ
ţ
Բۡ
Բۣ
ҸղŶ˵ʲô
ô뷨ȫһϡﻩ˵һǰ֣
һ˲䣬ȻǲԼƵģ˵ĳԼĵ뷨ɻԼ»ѾõԹ
ű˱ۣѸٽԼľ磬Ȼ֡
ǽûˣ
ٴۣ߽ʥְվǰ൱Ȥ
ɻȽֵֵ̧죬ֻҲڲסЦݣлȫЦˣȥرˡ
ô£ѧĿǽЦ𣿡
Ĵӳ֪Ϊʲôλôġ
лϴμʱԾħһ֪
ţ
еھͻһƺҲûá
ʵãûһֱάĴڣСļ򣬡ûиһֱ־裬ܻܿᱻ˵ľ˺ѡ
ҵȷʵ˵
źѹҸղ˵ܽţûȥˡ
ңڴǰ־Ҳûʲôðɡ
û£ؽһ¾ͺˣлһ¾ɥѧ߼ߣʹõ˲ࡪȤĻȥʽŵˣһʱ϶ѧ˾Ͷˡ
ĵؿҵĵʦǸ𡣡
ղŵ¼Ҳ֪ô£η֮ɢȥ˴룬ֻʣƹˤΣһֽҲ֪Լˡ
Һøղû˵ʲôйڡԭߡۣˡ
ħѧϰôһգлҡҡͷҲȽѧǽżŷʽҲֻŸô̡
ðɡ
ʵҲûýǽжѣԸֵʱ򻹲˲һͿأȻҾǵľħѾˡ
Ҳھħϵֻһ㣬ĸ֣׽ĳˣ빲İ¡˲Ϣ֮޸ı˵ļ䣬ȫۼ


36 
ɴǼλʥʿӳ뿪ˣƺҪʥǿᣬھʱӳҲ̲סСͶһƳ
ŵͷƣҲǵı顣
ӻ԰һ·߽ٵѾ֪йٴˣϾһϰʥʿܵеʥְ߶ְ׸ߡ
ϲ
ܿͲˣлƺ뷨ԱƵ˵õһųƼʵʥʿûκ⡣
Ů̧ͷ΢΢һЦӸղŵʧ̬лָ˷ȡ
ֱкһƽ֯ĹâϸĹ˿ڿȸԾ裬ձյͼ
һָѽĳͼ
ŶʱػشʿţͽͱʥǶ֮ˡ
һѽбڶǰ
þʿţĶħԶѷκҪ½
ѷԶﲻвþʿŵˣ󲿷ֶԴڲþʿţＸ׽ҵͬʱҲߵʿš
һĶơ
ػʿţڸפԿ޳
һѲĴ󽣡
ʿţͽͺڰԼˡ
ɫâǣԼƽʮֻռǡ
ʥʿţƽʮʿš
֪ͨļϰʿԽʿţΪ󲿷ֳԱʿŵĵתΪս͹ֵԭ
ܵͷֵԼʥǡ
л˵ͷҲûжԴ˱ʾ⣬ϾŵڶûŪЩ֪ʶŻֱӰ˴ӴﶪȥΪ̻ʡ
ţ
֪ɹġ
ôҪȵѡ´̰ɡ
ǵģҶȽģұν̻ʱµѧ
лͣһ£һʱ䣬ʦᱻ´͸Խ򣬱Ͼǰ֮ˡǣѧֹһҵļλѧѧ㣬Ѿں´̵λˣʦ뿪֮Ҳٲ֮ľ
ţֱ˵ʲôɡ
ȵȡ
ţ
þħң̫˰ɡ
õģͶƱھʲôԺͻ֪
ɵ˵ƺȫûиУڣȰĻռǻ
ǺܿһмȺʥʿȫɫƷؿâǵħռǣ´ڻռС
и˴Ŷ紹һ±߽ϣСӳ
ЩʥʿͱԸȺˣǿȥƽڼٵһ̷׷׾Ϲ
֪ǿ̫ܲˣҵѧһȥƽƽʮСܳΪǵͬš
л˼ʥʿϾλڼսͱ£ںѽһųƼߺŽˣ˻ûбҵֻԤ۾Ҳˣȴ裬ֱӷ䵽ܵ
л£ǸСӳ΢΢ҡͷǾû˼˵ѧԸѧϰʥ
⼸ʥʿҲæӦ͡
ǲûκ¶Ļų⣬ҲûǻӭԼ
лɣһ˶ﲻԼʥ²ȥҲῴ˵ٲֳ
˵Сôƽƽ棬СӳĿһתҪƯζҪЦˡ
æһЦݣ̫ǫˣҲܺÿ
ˣˡл΢ЦŴǵĻƯʲôãƯܴӮδ𣿡
ţ
ġ
ʥʿͬʱ±ƣ
лһ֤һ°ɡ
ժһֻף¶޳ǸеָָתŲõĽ̹ɫȴҲ̲˵ΣպϢ
΢Ц̧֣ѧļͷ

˿õҼڵϣԺһƬհס
Ųϳ鴤ġܱɢľʹ
ĲϱƴʴԵĶһѪ⣬ɭ׵Ĺʴ
۵ȫڲ亹£־ʹǰÿһԲУұȽɵĴʹҡ
˿ڲⷭѪһƬģǵĽɫһѪʧǱĵطεʴʼܱ߸ѱ䡣
ֻǣˮ׼ѷκһ롣
л赭д˵ţţչʾһ¡
չʾð
һֳڱĺʯϣһԼϸõ˿ڣ̶ȥӣұ۶Ҫˡ
ʥǵʥʿһ
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һʦתְɼ룬ŵЩˣҲҪǱƽ˵ŻҪ˸ʮʮ
֪ǽԸʽʥ֮ɵģʽҲֻʮʱ䣬Сʮʱɿȼ
Цɡ
ʥʿĻɵš
ǣлǰоǽʵѾǽʼˣһʮսʿĽ˲ҵ˿ڣѸٵʴ
лѾطˮˣСﲻ̶ֳȣܺܿҪˡ

Ų֪͢᲻רŽһЩ̷ʵ飬ͨʲô;ĳЩùʦǵĿԵߣһ̣ԼĵʦǺģ޹ʧˣľԼ
е䣬ʼɢ
ȻȻл˵Ҫˮ׼ôҲ̶ֳֻȲ˿ڣϾʼٸ߶ǰǾŽսʿˣ
ˣ
Żججţڱһʹһǡ
ΰĹ֮񡪡
ŮΪʹŤ飬ѵشϢţϵɭɭ׹Ƕڱڻεĺˮ˳߻䡣
ͽ֮ʹ
ʥʿǷ׷۾
ųŵ汣Ź򵹵ƣѾ˸ҫ۵ĵɫʥ⣬Ĺâͬˮˢ˿ڣɵѪٵ
ʥʿ𾪵ĿУվ˺ֱ·ƬһλЦˡ
лǣȻһĻ
š
ΣǸСӳǰһµʥʿµݸ
ӲİâǣĶǷӳŴһâ
ӭʥʿţڵŵһӵڶжӵʮСְСӳļ򣬡ֵѲˣǵʱҹճٵˣ·
˵ǼͶ뿪ˡ
ֻʣһװŰʥʿƷӣػʮǰͿʼߴ綩ģϾʱ͢˾ѯʹΧһ·
ţ
̶̼ڷ̫ˡ
һ˼һ߽µĻռӡֱϣȻ滻Լϰʥʿ£˳ĬĬػµƷϾϵ·Ѿˡ
£ԥſһµлΪҪȳΪԤ۳ԱڱҵԺʽ䣿
㲻ãΪǹϵлֱ׵˵һ͵ڶŶʥǣɵĵźĵľŸµ۹ܼ۶Ͻܶ鶼ûԱҹɣСһֵ࣬ʱʲôʲôӶ˽û˹ܣܶӵҲ֪ΪʲôôԸʥ˰ɣ
ţ
ޱصͷ
ٶûƿڴһԹȽ⣬ոճֺ飬սϣھҲĵصʥ
ţҪô죿ĽҲĻ
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Ϳ۲Էͷ
ǽѧʼˡ
ıԽнֱӴڸ˵ЩʹˣЧҲΪԵĲͬۿۡ
Ҳѹ
֮⣬ĽˮƽԶԶ
ϰ½ĹУһٶȺǿȳĳٽֵͺֿʼѪϤĽϽ˰߰ѪǱ
Һ֮ǰƷˡ
ǸŮɥؿԼָߣĿƲס
Ʋס
˼ؿСͷصЧǽᱻѪҺԣֽʱɳѪЧⲻ⣬ص䴴ߵı⡣
ۣÿδԼҪѪ𣿡
ʥְߣһֱϵĻռǣȥϰһѪ˰ɡ
㲻Ҫѧϰһ߽ϵʥ˵ô򵥰ʥһѡ޿Σ˵ҪһʱյġǸʧѪˣӦòôõİɣ
ȵȣѡ˷ʱ䣬ܸɴرһ߽ʥ֣ȥѧЩսöͷ۵ʥϸҫλǰٵʥְǣЩܾͨ
æؼЩʥҪ࣬Ҳмࡣ
ҫ֮￴ǵĵʥĻ϶ħҽ߾Ӷࡣ
͢սʿͱȷʦ࣬ͬȽλɾǰ£սʿڵбȷʦռƣǽȫԪػķʦ
ƺ뵽ʲô£ЩƮǾͲͬˡ
ĬĬ˼ɫ۾Ʊĺ棬ȼȵζƺڻζĳһκս
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ԸţԸ˲żüãλ൱ѧҲûְúִţҲõҫϯλá
ܿΪ⸶˴ۡ
ΪһеսѪˣؽ˻Ź˲ǰĶֻһСֲܵĽʦ𵶾ͽһ١
ŸѧļǿܷȥҲ޷ٶȿȵĶ֣Լں䳹ǵ˪ɫС
ĵмХŻƿ֮һſžӨѩ͸ıϵâᾧƤϣʱһʹ
֮ľʧȥоľ
ûʱʹģЮɭɭһͽ
һһͬˮӲѸĴȻٶȴֻӦԿһߡ
ŵľ뱣ָ߶ȼУǿǱܿҪֻһǳ˿ڣȻҧԼ
ϲɺصǣԾ˵ѧϰٶȣڰڼΪԼ˿ڵļܡ
ʵصϰߣʱһӦǰ취ơ
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ŵĽ߰˰ˣԸһƬհף̰ʹҲǱͿһȫƾһıȥӵĵ޷ԷĹһֱн˼
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ŵʺѪʹķУһεѵʯϣŮɫҰףһ㣬ұ۾Ҫˡ
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Ǽŵ൱ЧԶԶûд꣬ʥʣ̶ֳȵʥûá
ңܲܽ϶ϵֱۡ
Уξˡ
񳷻˵ϸУʢŵĲ˪ѿ
ҲãպսҲãֶϽŶǳ¡
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ţ
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Ҫû˵ˣһϢصͷ
˼ӣľָһ㣬ԴûôˣҵĵҲĸ״Ӽߵģ˵ǺصศɵıУͬѧ˵£صӦüеصĽŶԡ
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ţ
Ҳԭˡ
ǱϾص䣬ص⣬ȴҲһּҳŮ˵߾ߵģҪһ롣
ٻãҲԿǷá
صлӻʾ÷ϣ𣿡
ʮ֮һɡ
ܺĹĽĻйٶµٶǱᣬϰ˵ˣȻͨ˾ͬ״̬߸̨˵ˤȥ
һα췢쵰⽣ֱӻ˯ˣֱڽָЩ
ѧúܿˡ
ԸûѧѲʱΣԼһμʱ䣬Ȼӹһָ
ʶס
ָԿϸܵķģЩķļһд˼Уأ˸ŵĹΡ
һͽָ񵭶ؽ͵ýܼԴ͵ϳһСӵС԰Ͼס̫Զˡ
ŶŮЩԥӦһκ˵ĽԼ𣿡
ϳסŸ˺͹ǣϸ˵ﲻСӣžǸط˽լǴȻǻ԰Ҳûʲô⡪
û
һСʱˣҲ˵ռ䴫װá
Զഫ͵ħܼ󣬶άɱߣӦõò㷺󲿷ҲֻƷżֻ˲ʸʹ·ԽʡԼʱ䡣
С͸ħΣЩռ䴢ֵָǵļ۸񣬸οǸӹϡĴװ
ǡ
ͷֻҪнܼδͼҪСʱԼʹöκҪ·ڳħħ
ţ
Ҳ
ԣֵʮҵĽָżѵؿڣʲô˰ˡ
Ҿɱˡ
նػش𣬱۾
ܾˡҪôûãҾɱǸˣ㡱˼

˵࣬ҲҪԼһתͻؼιȥˡ
Ŵ·ƣ¥ݣʱִʥõĺ̺ѾȥѪĲҲ͸ԭ˵а޸ħ󣬳ħҲ٣ѸؽЩѵͬҲԶָ
Ϊܵ͢Ҳйֶѵ¡
Ųص뿪ĴʯϣһȺǰͽϣû˶עӡ

ŮٿȻֹסŲ
һߴĺ췢Աߣеرż⾫׳˫ۣȥͷǣӢˣȻһʱ
̧ͷɫյøڵͫۻ
㡪
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ԽһĽּݵϻ˯ѵף
˵ڻʱͱ̧ˡ
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췢΢΢۾Щˬһˡ
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ţ
ʲôʲôԲһ
ע⵽췢쵰ͷʧˣˣһǰЩۣϾĲͽʥְߣͨƽſڿɲôһǷӡ
ԣŻʲôľħʶ
㲻ҪҵĽɣڿûУҲ㡣
˵Ǵβʹľ;ü
˭ϡĽϴˡ
췢˺һЩм̧ۿ۽ĳɫĤʡ
ͬԴ½ҲԪ壬󲿷ྫĽԡˣҸ
ö
źܲˬԷ⸱̬ȣΪ˵ʲôĶ𣿵ɵӶף㲻Ԫ壬ЩˮԵĽҲûãҵùˣԪȴܱ˵ӣǻ壿Ǹһ԰ɣ
ڷŮӸµرֱۣһƵؿ
췢΢΢üƺʲôȤ£¡
ţ
ôĵӡ
췢˹¶һֱ̤࣬ǰһ̨׵ľ룬ֱӳڶԷǰ
ͷŲԼؿڵСһֳͷŲ԰׵Ĵʯʱڻ֮Ҳܽеģ
лҪ˵ɵϣֻǸ͹ҵĹˣ
*С˭Ļμӵڶĩβ͵~


40 
ʶۼȻѵĽͺĿˣڻָʮ֮һȴҲûʲôãҡ
ֲѹͷ¡
оԼϥǷ·ڴ֫Īʱڵϡ
ҡû˸Ҳô
Ůش˿ͷ亹乣ȴǿվԭأֲΪ˸˽е𣿡
СѾͷе
췢˴ɫĺĤϵӳŮ԰׵ҴӲǷˣر㣬˵ɣҪʲô
ţ
ͷǿˡ
ЩƵţԷѯԼȴȻһݿܵİԵǣڳôһʮĶ̬
ͬʱԼĽһ
ʲô𣿡
ţ
췢˷̵һЦ̧ƣϵָŮ򢣬ŤǿȺ߿Լ
̫̰ˣһҪ󡣡
ȻܲԸϣԼȻܵġ
ӦòҪ硢ߴ
ǰҪĸ磬ߡ
ˣӦǲԸɣ
޷ǾǽǮȨЩܻǿġ
ô롣
һ˲䣬Ҷ
һȥɵ
УҶȻҷӡҶӳ̶ȣںʱ⿪ӡȥƴȫܵġ
ӡȫ״̬ĻǼһӦûͦǿģʱֳָʲôӡ
ʲôԸ
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ô˵ˣԲЩһ˲ǿûӾͱĻ棬̾ҲС
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ξֺȵķǡ
ǲ˵ԻΣֱΪԪ壬ƬɫԿԣϢȼһСУϢܷⶳһƬɽ֡
ľΪŴͻ塣
Щƣ֫˫ᣬַ룬ŴɱֻʣһҶԭҲֻ֮ʣ˻
˴ĳֽǶ˵ս۷塣
ΪǵԵʣ췢쵰Ǹû뵽׿ڳԼԪ塣
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ҵҲûκһλ壬ȻҲҪ
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췢ˣ
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ûУЩֻڳ˯˯Ƿһξˡ
ЩҧгݵЦһȻ뵽ʲôļ䣬ԽԽˣĿ·𶼱أ˳ѹȸС
Ȼ벻ҾΪˡ

δüӦǰӿһƬѪɫ
ľʹӿת˲ɢͷ
۵ñԴ˽һϣоѪ綼ͻͻ·һȻ

ÿһﶼû£
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Σиĺʦס
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Żл㱵ѹǰֻʦܱ߹ͽǣǸ췢쵰ѾʧӰ١
Ǹʦ˵Լֻ⼸û˯ãȻƣػسҵ
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˹һۿСѧ÷ǳƣǱ𣿡
ҲǼϰʥʿˡ
λֱĻռǡ
붮ӿ˵ʱˣ
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ſҪɢˣι
صҺֱ˯ڶ졣
峿ʱţܿҪʼѾԤǷҪԼȥһ
֪Ҳֻǳò·ѯʣϾסúܽ˾лˣ׼شϼ˯
첻һ˯𡣡
ſڵ˹۾ͷë׵Ķ䶯һ£ڶߵˣ˯˿һʱ
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شӦˡ
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һδϰѧĽٴν˴뿪
Ķั¥һʮ´ʼǰڣÿһ൱֡
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Щ˵г˽ʦʹʦмħʦЩĽ׵սʿ߷ʦͨĳﶼΪҼԳе൱Ĺ
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ͷ͵ַ˸ħ壬ĵȺһȦȦεΣѧͬ͵ħڽͷӶƺѡһսѡ
٣ѧá
һϵħʦ˹
ǸŮһͷغɫ˳Լʮͷӣѯʵ4v4𣿡
뷨Ȼ򵥵һһ
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ȷҪ𣿡
Ŵһ£¿һǸռǣѧǴħʦɣ
ʦսʿʮһλÿλŸǼֻǽλƺͬ
ħʦŵһױΪѧͽǼϰħʦȻǳħʦмħʦ߼ħʦٵħʦ
ʦĽսʿȥƵĴħʦʵȴ׷ʦ
Ǹ߽׵߽ħʿ˽״ħʿŽħʦʮ״ħʦʮһʥħʦԽԽŻҵ
׵ķʦѾ൱ֲսͽ׷ʦǻηΪǰͻᱻսʿɳȥ
˴ħʦĵȼΪ̫Ĭ˲ħͲٴֵǡ
ǳ诣ħʦ֣ϵס
ţ֣սʿλǽʦ
Էȥ곤ܶࡣ
Ȼ̶ֻܴΪʦи߽׻ӻ˥ϻǵʻᱻԪ֮ı䣬ⷽսʿҪԡЩʮнսʿҲֻܿˡ
ɷʦǶʮģˡ
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һָԶϰαſ꣬һϵһϵȫǴħʦʱ׷߻֡
ܱ¼ãӦúɡ
ʵһûս顣
Ҳûϵ
ħʦذڰ֣Ҳȥôܼʥǡ
ÿܲμһǵҵҵҲǲô򵥡ǳǩɣǳ鵽ŶսҪԪطʦְ֮ҵӡӮûйϵֻҵʱҲǾѡƯ۵Ķѣν
Ȼһ仰ܲص㣬Ǵȫ⡣
ϾҲʲôУлῴɱħôܴ
Ҫлˡ
̵ͷ֣صģԸ⡣


41 
Ըӣ鷳Ļ
ЩδȼķʦսһˣʲôҪע𣿡
κᰣ
Լ֣ͬ˺ܿ춼£Ҽҽܡ
Ҷ֮ħ֮ͬʱ¼ȡ߶в֪£⼸λħʦ˴ŵ֣Ҳû¶ȵɫּѧ԰ϢȤˡ
֪ô
说յߣħϻ£ѡŶսҵսѡѡħģʽпأǿԸʱڶôϿˡ
κ᰿˿ϵʥʿ£ǰʥǵʿǲҪȥܵվڵģ
Ϊ׷ʦԸѧϰʮ꣬ǶͬУЩʥְҲ˽⡣
ѲߣҲǰ졣
ʱ䣬ѯħʦǶͷ֮󣬾Ͷһܺĳ磬̽ԼĻռǷħϽк˶ԣŶսı
Ϊĵǰ̣ˣһԼһսʲô𣿡
ҾðɣţҪһսһ̧°̫ͣͲҪǰڱǴУǣĳЩʵҲмǰھͲΪǶԣսʤֲ˼̫ԾͺȤڴѸٳϸ߶λܳҫλһõϯȻ̫ˡ
ۣ׾ͿԴԸҵǼǴħʦǲǴ𣿣
κᰰ˰֣ǲ֡óսĴУ˵ҵȷʵײſԲμӣ׾һͨħ֮Ĳô࣬˼˵
˵սӢۿԼӿٶȣǰڴҶǺսûУԴԸһȣȻҲһԸȣʤҲҾԵȿڶߵ죬żĴͨ賿ͲˣǼȥƥ䵽һ𡣡
˼ʱħʦ
κ᰿ԶǰЩ˷ܵѧǣĲΪʲôǻôȡ
ǰһұǻʲôˣ޲סھһ͹أЦɣϢʱԼڡ
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ȵȣ㲻ܻûҵˣҲûսֻܵĵ֡
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֪˽֮ԺŮ𣬡κ΢˵ַŹְɡ
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ţ
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ȵȣһֱ֣ܵ
ֱˣǸղǱʱ˲ŻԶ볡İɡ
Ϊʥְ㲻÷ӣֹסļ򣬡ǴʲôԣȻ㣬Ҫȿ
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˵һǸɱԼδ޵Ĺھ𣿡

ħʦûȥԱֹһŵ
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ѽʵҲûôء
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ͶԺĿ⡣
ԭһʣҶΪ޳ѾȻûϸֻЩģӡ
˵ܱȻԪأ߼ת
ǣԪػһ壬ȫԪػ壬ǰ߲Ǻѣһ߽׷ʦȫԪػķʦʵ彣֮սʿսʵķԾ诼СѧõĹͷȻҲ̫һʦԪػȽΣա
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ʵͦģϵħʦûгڱʹУȫԪػķʦ٣ħ֮ôţʮҲָĸˡ

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ȻǲΪ˶޷ɹɶ
̬ĺܶǿ߶ԶĳɾͣһֱڿŸ͸ߵľ磬۸ʲôۡ
ʱǷ㶵ʱ˳ԼһıħϹâһʾĳʱ䰲ţԼλá
ⶫͦõġ
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ʮһǻݰ󶨣ԺֻˣȻҲһԤԼս
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Ȼ˵ʥʿĹҲͦߣǶԱȼֵһεѲ߹һҲżңƺеԲڵĻѡ
Ҫȥʲô

ˣԶϰһ¹诺ĵΪ֪ʱʲô֣ǼУֻҪ
һǿʥԣΪ״̬ʵϾ
ֻӾЧʩʧȻ״̬ҲԼսʥְڱﶼϲʹƵʥԼӳֵϡ
ѾԹˣֻǻ̫Ϥ̵ͷ
ȻᷴжԷڿԼϾ֪ʲôȼܲ˻˵ǿĻܿһо㹻ŵ
뷨ʦǸ֮ٴͶѵ
ֻҪϰǼѧĽһСʱŵĽ˴룬ȻֿʼһδθԼˢͷۿհףκػ˯ˡ
ٴʱҹĻиһ£ɢ˸΢⡣
ټķ۶ľҹɫ³ĵâҹϨϳĸ˺͹լۡȻƻͨңԶĻʹһƬʻԻͣʱֵʱ֡
ʹṩĴͽָ

ͽָ㣬λµԭǡһСӵС԰
ڣһ޴ĲůУ͸ˮıںĹϻӣľĵذ壬ǰĲɳͰŸ̵Ĳ輸һ̨ħƣɢůƵĹΣ׺âǧ㵰Ա߰һ׾µĵߡ
ĬĬһ飬Ȼһʰس⡣
ƿů԰ⶰܻŲõõ廨ԣʥѩ׺ͽ۵Ķɫõʢǰһƽ̲ƺΧĹľҲʮֹ
ҹʱ֣԰ҲûӶˣֻзϵķ
ſȪһɵ˽լۡԡСӡ͡С԰ƺκۡ


42 
լԺϳһտ˵Ľֵ
Χ฻˵ĺլоɵͤˮ˹ֿӳҹӰС
ھĵĽֵͣһ˲
Žӯ·ϣͷԶԼ˸ĵƹ⡣
ŽĦ·һҹѲߵĵ۹ʿǼʱ򣬺ڷŮ˫ȷɫƷӰ߸Ծֱһ·ϡ

ʿǳĬؿȥʮ·ơм仹мû׼Żϣܿȥˡ
ڣǸʥʿ˽ܵ͢Χ
ֱϵİʥʿռǻ˸⣬ҹʵĽֵϻһ㺮â
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ȺʵǿȻҲã֮ǰͿǸСŮǴۡ߳ģΪеݵС壬Ҳǡ֪լԺ˭Ĳҵ
˲á
СӳǸȥ˵·񣬾
ҹ֮ǰŵִܵ
ıδ·ˤȥҵûвЩԴĲ֡
ҹ׷ŷңһ·ϣŲֹһο˴Ӹķӹ
ϳķݲܼ⸽ֶ˽˷Ǩͳ۶뻮һ¥˽Զݶ߸ߵ͵ͣżЩ˾ܾ˿ķħ
Ƕû赲Щǵķ߱ڡ
ǵζ鶯ӯÿһԾܿʮ׵ľ룬Ծʧããҹɫ

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ſʼճԼ
ҹʱֵܵҲǳյȷ紵ĿԴͥԺʥʿǵļзŰ¹⡣
ûͽʱֻżЩ˵ҽҲһЩǹɫĻȥҴҡ
һѲߵʥʿԼСӺӵʥʿؿһۣһ÷ӦûϢء
ʥʿָ·ߵлͼææˣϢҵԼ˾ͬǣһȲԵģΪһ˰ԵʣҼ涼л˵
ʥʿıʮƣÿСӴӳԱҲֻʮˣжӰ˴ǧ˾ԴƣʥλųֻɵĵǸܵ
ŵĹ֮±ȽɺͰȫҲûԱΪ¼ȡȽϿ̡ûλƼͨʥʿ
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ܣǴˢˣһʥʿ۾ǲĸʥѾƣǣѧСѡ
ŵͷʾ̣ܽȻһǫʵ˴ﱻȥʥ𣿡
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־ħǸ߽׶ħһ֣Ĵħһ壬統ʱûʲôڳĻǸħףʥְߵ³Ҳܲҡ
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飿
ˡ
Ǹҧгݵ˵㾹ˡ
ź֪ذס˾Ѫ˿ڡ


43 
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ƬϢӿҹɫĳϫˣΨƿڰһ̣Գķâ
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44 
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45 
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жӳ۾˦˦֣һ۴ţ˹Ӱɡ

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46 
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ͷæ˾ĸǽħʦԼĶ⡣
Ȼ˵ʰҶĿԺ٣ֻܱ𴩵ġ
˵ҶĻѣαҪһħģоʱװ֪𣿻˵ⶫᱻ˸֪ʱ׷ȴûеᱻ˻ɣ

ԽԽңоһ顣
ôһжӳЩǳ˵ܼӡʲôʱµ𣿡
Ҫˡ
ȷʱĻʱֵʥͽǣʱվڵʥʿǣΪʲôƤֶ
ʱ䲢ʳһǰɡ
ο϶û˵ѡ
Ҷ϶ôڴʥøµʱ䡣
иСʵûʲôǶʲô𣿡
Ѿȥˡ
ƣĴӳ˵ҪƷķӡ䶯ĻǶ֪
Щ޹ؽҪĶƩ˵Ʊ⸽Ǹ̹壬˭ҵլܱۡܵǱ룿Ǹռ䷨ʦοҪǽ͢
£
ةȻǰڴӳǰղܵϲĶ·ڣΪҵܵһߵѡ
ӳĬһ£㣬ʲô
ʱֻΪ·ͽ£ȫû뵽Ǵܵģһǿռ䷨ʦҵĹ⽣նܵĻᡣ
ּ̽˼䣬ǸԱˡ֪ǿռ䷨ʦĻҲỻһʥ
谡
ӳܻشŭɶץ죬ʲô⽣նԲΪѵӪʾɲ㸸׽ǲҪҪҪӽ̽ʲôʥ
˫ðЩܲڿЦжӳæȥ
һʱ䳡ǳҡ
ǣʹǿռ䷨ʦҲû֤֤˾Ǵܵ뿪ģ
˵
Ҳ鷳
īͫӰǱУֵصܵĴϣҶֱÿռħͳģƾʥʿǺ˵ĳû֤ǾǴܵȥġ
Ψһ֤ģǿռ츳ĺʱɺϡ
¡
ʥʿҴææظϹǵĺһ˲Ȼ֮ǰǷѾ·
һֿʧˣ˼Һʥᡣ
ͷжӳɫ̫ÿŴӳֹС
ǰᵽҲʲô˲õʧ
ӳһɿָ˳Χߵˡ
жӳ״׷׺ˣةԭûӳջƳһۣʲô£
ԥһ£Ҳ֪
ĸУ֪֪ӳޱ飺һȥ´㡣
ةͲʲôƢˣԶʱըˣһָԱжӳŮ˶ʸ֪£ƾʲô
ָ˭أة
ǸжӳҲûʲôһѻӿ֣ʲôʱСˡˡˣǵͬŵֶǲסؼҵүȥɡ
ۼҪӳͷ۲ѣͣ죡
ŴԱ߿ţȻûʧԵĶȴһЩģĲ롣
̫˵л˵²Ҳ١
ةȻڰҶǰ˵ˣҲδÿֵΡ
ϸ룬֮лҲֻΪԷν̻ʣעûкýֵķ֮һ
źȻоޱۡ
һߣжӳõؿŶԷƺϾҪˡ
ӳҡҡͷΧһϣȻָָةСл˵
һ¡
˾ȻǰòɿȻעԼ״̬
ҡ
죡ةŭش£ֻǸˣʲôո֤һĻŴ
˻û˵ȴŭˡ
ұ죿
ȷʵлҪ˵¡
ŶةصЦһȻԼ˵Ĵӳ
ߣռ䷨ʦ֣һԱİȴ¶ˣԽ͢ԹߣȥǳʹǣȻˣҲȥЩͨħҺҵͬǶ԰æָ
ةɫΪѿ⼸ʥʿڵͷ
⣬һҾǸû
Ӱɽһս󣬰ҸصĳԱƩ绤Ҳ߰˰ˣȻкܶͨİ飬ҲܵѹȣΪߵǾȡ
ʥְǲڴϼһͺɱ
Ҳÿ鶼Ž͢
ةɫܲÿû
ӡħҵͬΪ˷ӡ˲پûԱġ
֮⣬žǾǼһûô
Ͼǻ˼ǰӳ仰˵īͫǰҵͷŴ֣ҪϷӡûж⿪һʥʿҲɱġ
ڰûȷϣҲ˵仰ңûʬ壬ʱԱĻЩ˿ܶᱻըˣҸڡ
ĳħߣ
֮ǰŵжӳͷȤ˵⻹ĿܣЩ鷸ƵİǣϲоЩ
Ű˿ԣҾȷݣǾͿɢͨˡ
жӳͷ±㶥öˣةŶʵ÷°ɣ
ӳҲ΢΢ף̴˸ƣһڸˡ
˿Ͼͱ񣬴Ա߲һ䣺ˣʱΧǰǶûϳ˭ҲֽڻԾͨ
ʥʿͷתȥƺֱˡ
ةԱһֻͨǱƩ縸ĸĳЩ˼أ
ͨӰħʥʿֲܷӡ²Сɣ㲻ͨҲ˷һʱѣܱȷŹֿҪá
ҲةԼ鷳ֻǾֱӳң£һˣڵ˲֣һѾܲµ˭ˣǿռħ츳
߳һʶˣ
ɲģةڴŻش֮ǰִϣ÷ĸ
ϵǣڷŮûзֻЩؿһۡ
ةò̫ԾΪԼоһﲢΪԼ߾ˣСĺ̨ҲǶôƢˡ
£ſӳȻʱ֪˲ֿ⻹ʧԣϣܴȥһҵĵʦԺҲ׿û𡣡
ӳÿɷؿһۣȻ֪λʦ¾ָ˭
תԱߵжӳǹȥһˡ
ʥܿҲɢˣֻһ˴ܵһλƫƧ߹Ի谵¥Ķˡ
ǳ˲ֿ֮⣬һĵط
·жӳְŽʾȥؼϵħ󣬡ӡģûб˴򿪣Ǹռ䷨ʦа취Ŷ룬ҵħ޸о˵Ϣ
ְϣħƶʱƱܿ˷ϵ·
ħĹâڶݵҫȻ򿪡
жӳ˶ⲻ룬ةվſҲûж
ӳһԲ߽䣬Ÿ
¥ĸ߶ȣ˸ŷӡħضѵţһЩڲĳ¾ƤֽƺΪ˱ڱԵʣǶĳεŸڲС
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ŻܣΪʲôأڴռ
ӳĬһ£Ǿù˭أĶȻȴҲδҪ
ζѵϡ٣Ƕÿ˶ãǮ͢ĸ߽ʥְôϡңҶûȤɴһطšǽ͢Ĳ
ﱻˣûʲôʧ㿴ˣˣ²⡭˵Ļ͵л»ɡ
ҿȥֿ⿴𣿡
ӳͷ۵ػӻ֣ڵ£ȥɡ
ҡҡͷ湤һ¿϶Щ޹ˡ
ת뿪¥ĳ谵¥ݣʥʿصĲֿſתһȦǼ˿ȥܽ꣬ΪҲ֪ôǱȥġ
Ӱħ
˵¶Ȼҿȥ𣿡
ʥʿǷȥˡ
ֿĴҾƽƽ棬Ҳ¥ĸ߶ȣǮҵ͸ֽ͢ʥְ߷ӡľȱȽǣ֮⻹һЩ߰ľˮʳװۺͰװԼܷӵȵȡ

뿪ֿ¥ݼ￴ة
վ̨ϣƺ˼ʲô¡
µǰߣͷҧԼָȻ͵̧һȡ
һƻȺâڵָةʺ
ᱻ˺顣
жӳȫû뵽ͻȻϮϾ¥¥¶ˡ
ةһ
սʿʥʿһӦҲͷŹܣǵһƬ̻ɫġ˸Ż𻨵Ľ
ڿмײ
ϵǣɫĽ׾ٵɢЩŻĻɫҲķѣһƷǽϵħơ
յħƺûܵ˺ûлҲûлζ
һ룬һը˸顣
ʲôըԵĽ
ЦЦؿǸ顮Ա𣿡
Χž
жӳ䣬ʲô˼
̧ۣ£㣬δ˵ҵĲ²⣬ҲҪӰ죬ʲô˼һᣬѹ۵ҵĳͷϣ
ةɫ˲üΪѿѵ
˵ĵһ仰Ŀתؿ㵱ʱ˭㲻ҵݣʵһʼ֪㻹ֻ֪ʶһпռħ츳ˣҰǸ˵ԾͼŴҡ


47 
Ҷпռħ츳ܣϾҪħ֮ѧϰҪʦ⣬Ҵţ鶼޷
ߣռħ츳ȻԪħ츳ԸƼ츳ѧҲܶʮ
ʱһ֣ƺǸͦˣοϹսսʱжϣֿЧˡʵȫԸʱ·ʥ˷ߡ
жӳؿ̫ˡ
ЦвɣǱˣƵ÷ͷϣֲŵˡ
ֻǵ˱˵ķԸлᣬһ¡
ة¶ȣ˿ϲûжپȵŮ֪
ܲµ
ŻԼȥ֮ǰСӳ˵˾仰֪صȽ⣬ǸսļһδؿԵ֣µĻȥС
÷֪ԼĽ⣿
ǸħʦĿĲ󣬰˳˺˵ɾųҲãǱʲôϼҲã÷϶ȥˣŬִ
ŵʱЩΣСӳⲻֶˣϣܿµķϱ𷣵̫أֻǿ۵㹤ʵĻԼһỹ
Ϊʲô
ģҶƾʲôôˣߵﶼݣ
ڼҼȻǷּҵȴԸӦ
ة˱ֻۣҪǱҪƽ
ǣżֱ֪ͨ𣿶һǶ͵ô죿
ʵҲ֪˭
ة˵Ҳ֪ôģұհ죬һ˳£ҽҹֲֵʲôܡĻȫѱмб´ڼ͵
Ҽͮĸ磬ҲãͮҪģȻְҶ
ҲɺϣҲҶרةڵʱ䡣
ûԼ֣Ȼ޾յ뿪
˵֪˭ܲµݣϾǸеģǼȻǸĴֻܲϲӡ
ةĬ
űֱԡڶԷɱͮȥļʸߣͮȻ٣ռ䷨ʦҲһɡ
ŶԷ˵Ļ˺ҶδһģҲ֪ҶֻҶ֪ˡ
ǰã»ܼƻøܡ
ȷʵЩ뷨˵ģܺò£̫ˣة˳ǣĹϵҲ׷ᣡ
ɫĽָת˸𼸵㱬ըĻǡ
գ֮䡣
һ룬ХĻҹͬʸ˺ѿЮŸ߶ŨؽͷŵۼžҪ֮Ů
һĽɫϼҰ
¥ϷһʮֵĽǶȣֱײǼɫϣȻϢؽ֮ܽ⡣
ѵĹ˻ϣܿΡ
صѹӿײƺζһ¡
ǰһةѾڵϡ
˫Ϥϣ˿ϵĽɫʴѪ
ʱ䣬С۶ڻһ㲻ʣ
ҲûеѪҺֻڵ
һٷƷ¥ݣеȻϸĽʡ
һϰĸоΣ
ة¥ݼɫҰֽȻʥʿסǻĳַӡ֤ýԱ
ðɣ÷»λͬŸǶչҡ
ͷȥԼĵʦûԷӣղűлᣬһﶯ̫ˡ
Ůɶ࿴˼۹ϸĵ񻨽ʣллл˵
÷վ¥ݼľͷЦЦ
ةԺ;ò̫Ծ߽ʥְƽʱסҧȥһлĸۡ˵ǴٸոմʥǻؼңȻͱˡ
лʱ򣬲ûةֻ֪Ǹװѧĳ־Ѷš
ԴŲŸֱӳֹҲ±ڡ
ةʥʿˡ
÷ߣȻ˻ߵغһ䣬Ȼʼʹ÷Ыĳ
лЩʥʿİֻǿһԱ˼Сȥ𣿡
Ųصͷ
ԶԶǻةˣ¥ݼһֱߣȻĳѶ⡣
ٴ˸ƣĸ˾ֹͣ˸ħС
ƻģԵЩ谵
վ⣬ʶȥʱһֲĲҽд˼ž

ʹޱȣﱾͰβþòɢػصδʱµĲҺһһ߶̲ס
ſ淢ʲôֻʶ䡣
ûСҲ֪Ǹ˭ӦͮСġ
ﴫة϶ʹĴϢֲǿǰ
ϼһˣͮСֹܣǾϹˣͮСĻ֮ǣһҪ˵Ļռ䷨ʦҲֹһֻЩͶˣǶûȻҲҲ֪
ֿʼҽС
ŸоĤҪˡ
֪ةҶҲԭ򣬵˵ΪҪһ㶼¶Էĺͬ飬е㰵ˬ
Ѷﴫʲôˤ˵ϡ
ҶǸ˽Ҷ
ة˵ͮСйϵĿռ䷨ʦֻ֪ôһˣҲ֪ʲôȷǸǲֻҲµģҾͼһΣֲϲˣôܼǵκ
ѶҵŴˡ
ƳһϢжӳ泯죬ڱʯשذϣһƬ谵ϵĵƹ⣬ǿѪ״̬
۾ߺ۽ǵѪһֱʵϡ
Ȼ˶ϱ۵˿֮⣬ûб˺ˡ
˳һһŮŶͨ·˼ס
߳ʱ򣬴ʶ̧ͷȴ֣˵ж̲ĹʣǺڶ޾С
վڵϣȴʧظС
ĳ־ħֵ
ȻиֶԼԵرֳ
лǷ
ϣѾõҪĶˡ
ǵģλ
˹˵ҪܹУһʡЩ˵˽̡
ţȻȷʵôҾͦģңûִˡ
߶ʱΪ֮ĿǸе̿ϵĥ³˵ģұ֤ܵģ뵽ϿƤ֮໹Ҫʮ
ϧÿ˶ô롣
лĴŵļ򣬡
¥
ة÷ҵСӳʲôϵ𣿡
ǰǷޣ÷ֳʱû¼̳ˣԸĺӼ̳м壬ةԸԼĺӹӵϡ
лʼ磬ǵĻˡ
Һûۣ˿Ҿ÷ͦõġ
ǻصǼ¥ϱĴң֮ǰĴӳʥʿˣҲǻȥĥдˡ
ɽ⿪ϵķӡħ󣬡鿴ʲôˡ
ڷת˼Ȧƿӿһ£һЩر𺱼ħ޵ľ˻ǹһЩȥƺĳĲк
˵ʧԵĶ޹ؽҪ·ֻҪҲЩ˲Ըԭ򡣡
ǲûˡ
лһ̫ˣֻ۷䣬ʲôΧ˺ħ׼ͽǰʱô죿ⷿ䱻ҲֻǸӡ
⵱Ȼпܣ˲ҶĻ
ȻӲҲɱͨˣЩͽ֮Աǡ
Ҷʲô
ڰ֮ŮٶڰŹ£Ϊ˷ӡŮһš
θҪĳƷĴռһЩƴΪŮ
ȻûʲôĹƷ͵ֿЩҺ;᲻ֵðǱܵȻб£аϣҸֵӵһ͵ʥᰡ
ŬؿԽԣ˵ĿģΪĳֻܵеģֲҪ͵ߵĶأ
лĿʾ˵
˵
ŮһָƤֽǸͼߵͼһ֣ݳ뿪䣬ͲҪٰĶˡ
ɨһǸͼ֪𣿡
Ĳ֪߰·ʾͼעֻ֣ǵͼȱһ֣Ҳʲôط
ʾĵصλڶϲ㣬ѰҲż֮һ˵Żʧ֮ء
л˼˵֮ԱΪżΪѾ޼ֵˡ
ˡ
û뵽Լһָָˡ
żȫҶƷռص㡣
żûмֵҶ
ߵĿġ
Žʾ֭ţѾȷҶΪͼûֱ˵
ȣô֪еͼģӦòκһܵʥְ߶֪°ɡ
ܵϵĶֽҵġ
ΪҵӦöܿţĳЩ֪ˣҲ᲻С˵©죬ô˭أֻ˵˭أ
Ȼػԭ飬òµҲ֪ƾҶһˣ鱨ȻʮޣߵŮŮҲṩϢ
Ͼ֮г˹ݵλߵˡ
ҶҪõǰżĵͼضأ϶᲻ϧһеذ
лһۣҿԸ㣬ڼҶ
ʮ־ȣ
Ҷڵڶû뿪Ը
ƽ˵Ǽ˻رĶ򣬵ȻĻַƭˣԼȥɱ¡
û뵽ôӡ
ĳ֣Ϊ֪һҶԸҲԼڸ𣿡
ʥ֮ͺˡܵ£˭֪ǲͼıºƽȥ˽ᣬһҳʲô˿֤ʵйء
ַӰץþħϴԣ֤еܶ³֮Ҳס
⵱Ȼǽ͢硣
źǣµ˲ҵ£лε˵˺ҹϵ㣬ԣԲǰϣбƭĿԡ
һ
ڶȥǵռˣ
һҶϣأ
лÿɷüƺҲ⣬ֻ˵
ʱ˿̣Щʥʿǻħһһϣδ
ŲŹȥûҵȥҲ١
֪ԼᱻӣǡĳֶΣڼԼԸļ󡪡£һ´һ˼ӣʱ±ɣҲĲڳ֤
ҶǼһﾫħҲһǾħһ֧ǰͲ˻أ
ԽԽô£ǸӶֻһҶҪҸܵ£´ͬʱ˼ĳֻΪƭıѾá
лһôȷ𣿶ǰΪʲôǷ
ס۵ĳ嶯һ֪װģԼ
Ǹ͵ϮҵʱͬҶ
̽ԼʥʿڵʱĶԻ
˵ˣƺҵɣǣΪԻڻþû֤仰
лһҶԹױ˵ݺ
ҡҡͷֹˣҶǰܵ£û֤ݣᱻ˵ⱨǿаͷϡ
˶һۡ
ܷе㲻֤Ϊ˵ͼڼҲԼ˵ǵʧԣǶ֪
ġ
ε̾˿ԸǸռ䷨ʦܺףȻĸֽɱȻҾ£͢ӦҲû
˵ʲôأлһƺСͷϣЦ⣬ĸ־͵Ϯ˵ģ
û˵͵ϮԹվֻҪУȻ϶ܵġ
ſյ°ͣǰץߣþħƹĿж󣿡
ֻ֪ȵԺͮǿ϶Ҫħƹġ


48 
۶ǽ
ĳСһǣƹϨĺڰ
ǵžᡣ
Ҷֱϻ˸ϸĽâ
Ŵľᣬκֱۡ
һ֮׺Ϊеȵ࣬һᣬκγ̶ȵˣ֫ڻ¡
ԣζţĹ֮׺͵ȼֽˡ
Ľָȡɡ
ڴϵİ˵ȥҲһʥϻʧЧ
ʥְߣǴҶĽǶȣʥʧЧһ¡
Ҳܶ鷳ѪǲӵеµĹ֮׺ͣеĻҪôаѪͳҪôǱаȾ߽ܹĴ͸
һָǰʳʬ߸ְĻѪ
ͨ˵ħػᱻڶࡣ
νʵָĺڰͽ
һֻ˵͢ǶеİẰɱᰵĻѪֻҪƩవ;סڽ͢ĵ̡
־ͺ鷳ˣɱ֮
ҶĦָİ䣬ҴӦֱѣҲָ
ֻȥ͵ˡ
Ͼƣκһʦ֣ǷĹ֮׺Զѷͨʱ
̾˿ҲȰˡ
֣⣬ڴţҴûɱҲûô
΢΢һǸˣʱ˵㡭
νˡ
ҶҲ̫֪ǾʲôΪǼһᣬЩʥʿ֪᲻ϳ˰ɡ
Щᣬڰϻûá
ǵٶҲԶԶˣ̶ֳȵˣҲʮܽġ

۶ܵ
ƻžؿŵͼ
˵Ƶһ£Ǹġˡ
һЩڶ
ҾãҸǸĻƲģ룬ˣ˵ħҿǰ֤ڰ˵Ǿ䡮ˡҿ˵ľħ֤˵滰
лÿɷؿв뱻֪𣿡
ŲΪ˶аɡ
ǾͲҪȥ˲ѣǲֹһ⣬ʱ򻹻ᱻ˵һЩ㱾˵ݡ
ţ
˵ʲôԭĻЧ²ҶߴҺڰŮ˯Ľָ
峿ʱ֣ʥʿħзֱǸ顣
ͨħӡӰ񣬼ǰٷ֮ʮŵĻԭȣαװݣ޿ϴ
ϽĳȵʦרŴŻһˣôȷϣΪĿ߶˻
֮ǰ˾ҹδߵĳ˴˿ҲȻܾ񣬺ķѵĲֽ綼ˡ
²ضͨǵģһͨʮǰ
ӡħϣ滹˵֡
ʦ˵ͷ
ΪЩͲûϸݽܣҲͲԼմЩݣӰɽһۺʧٵǰһӶӳ˵һս˺ܶవ飬ٲˡ
˿װ֪īͫϵķӡӦúŶԡ
жҲ֪ԼֻǸսʿսʿžͿ԰һŵһӵĶӳȫʢʱҲʵϰɣ
֮ǰսеīͫûʾȼ
һʼû棬ҲܱԼĽס
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ĸ״࣬ڸʲôǲλͲ˵أ
ҶڲԶϻصʥְǼĳЦ˷ɭɭ⡣


51 
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һֱΪ㲻Ҷš
Ҳִ˵ľ룬ŮѺҽԼ쾭𣿻Ҫ¾ͱҪһܣܾ˭ģ񲻶İ
ҲǸľºܡ
ֲû
ʼ磬˵öԣܱܲǣߡ
ˣ֮ǰħʦȥսһ̫Ϥ뱨һԡ
Ļѡ볡ģʽʵҲƣǸ־ԸеƵʥְߵȷģܶûҪ꣬տʼӦûԡ
ӹŵڱħ壬ǳ滮£ѡ˸ħսҽѡǷʱȵȻ򹴻ƣ˸
Լһȥ԰ɡ
Żصҽ߰Ʒ£ȥ
ھڵѾȴսѧǣҲвѾ˷ܻɥƽˡ
еĹȣ˯׼ȥϢе˴˼ƣѾ䵽ڽˡ
һĨڵټ
һмʮڣÿһŽգǰʮӣĳԱͬѧĽ̸ղѾ߳һˣսѾˣֻҪȴĵλָ½롣
ÿڣΪ˷ֹĳЩ¹ʷڲͬڽġ
ȾͷĴɳ©ȻתɢĽɫɰսƿϸ׹䡣
ǰľĴŶԶ򿪣¶һƬҫİ׹⡣
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ĳЩԪħʦսΪζǿƩľϵʦɭᷢӸãˮϵʦںʩٶȸȵȣԾͼҲǧ򻯣趨ȡһǷʺϲߵȫƾˡ
Ž˾
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Ů΢΢¶ף˫ȻһŲ̦ݺʮֹ⻬ǽ棬͵ϡ
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ŮظղŵĶֱ˰еʯš
Ұȫˡ
侺һС͵Թʮĸǽ͵ǽףߵĴףǴ۸Ӻش֮䣬ʱǽ֮ͨխÿֻһˣеʮֿ
СſʯϣΪ˱Ⱪ¶Լվ
ҲôţͼװϷһԾ
ȻλʤӰλĵһҲǣȫûѹ

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ܿ죬ͷ֣ʮ׿һǽڼзһǽϷддꡣ
˴һʦۣǶԭ򿴲ռǣְ֪ףǼȻǽдһרһƫƧĽ䣬ҲζŲóս
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ķмѣ·Ҳó·ߣת֮˫ԽԽ
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ŨɽĴ֦Ҷ䣬ȻһֻûƤǡΨйĲҰצ
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ŵĽ˲һ룬ֱֻ۵оÿһ綼ڳ鴤
ղǶ̶̵ʮ·ܴ˽ֻãͷɢڣѪ
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걻ն˵òᣬҧܳһ·ȴΪʧѪʹˣķʦҲվֻܰôԼĶ֡
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ʦ괷ض㣬Ƕ̫󳶵˿ڣֻܿʼ찧Ĳóͽ䣬ѵþħ԰ôೡһںʥְߵսǱý˵ģݡ


52 
鷨ʦֵؿһͨҲԼĶֻشֱŭشһˣ
Ѿ£սԶ
ϡƳֵĻռǣƺǸ׷ʦ˵ʵʵӮһԽɼܡ
Ȼǰһ߻ص鷨ʦĿһεײײرƳ˾Ĵš
ⳡսֻ˲ʮӣֻϡϡĵȺߣһĲߴ໹ûͷǵ˼ԼǸɵX
ϵҲ֮ƣղôû뵽أ
ڣͷڣϱ鲼ǵצۣȻ˿ˣȻ·ѿںѪֱ۵ӸǶ˺ˡ
ĲͶָĿ⡣

˳˼
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Ǹ鷨ʦҲǸ֣ҲˣȻвľ飬Ҳǰʥְ߱
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˵ĵаҲкܴɱΪǰս͢ı׼ǶĴڡ
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ţϲ𣿡
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СȻ˶ǵ֮Ǿ仰׷ײĿ
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ӨҪ˷ʦɫۣλչ¶Ŵ̵Ĳ֦Ҷռǣ欵;ҶƬţ·һҫơ
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ţ
ʵСܴԭҶΪġֽһšͿĨĴڡ
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ǣ֮Ծ֣Ϊÿֻܺһ˽Ҷ¹ϵ֪ɡ
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СȻ֪ˣЩ
ʮ⣬ҲôãΪ˱룬´ʱԺ˵
лҪ˵Сǿ϶󹬵ģ


53 
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Χſڵȴ˷׷׻ֻϵѧ̱ã¡̬Щ°ħʦ˵ؾǵķڿо𣬽˿ߴ½һ⣬Ȼ貵ؿڻֱӵĻռǡ
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ǵĵ֮ǰҫ֮һ˵ǷҪʮǿƺǴ賿һֱء
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еһӮңȻҵʱҲûк桭
Өһ䡣
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Χѧǣԣ˶ʶ̧ͦͷŵƽӣһĪЦЦг
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Ȼ͵
ŮһתĽٿȻ򵶼⣬м˱Ⱥ
ϸĽһһҵشңңʮ׾룬;нӴ壬Ȼսʿʯϡ
˷׷ɫ䣬ŵ㶼ѰңֻԾããա
һǰһվʯ壬ͬһʱȻѡ
ұǸڵʱҪѰܱߵ㣬һܱߺȻҵ磬ķ˲Ϣͻƽķ
ӿֳʮѪֱۣˤȥˡ
κᰴ˸ǷǸսʿ
׹ʱһ˲Ȼ󣬾ͷ½ϵƻӽ
ͬкһ׹⣬ʹ֮¶轵ͬʱһ᳤͸ıһֱڴվʯϡ
ڿзֱվ棬ͬ㼲۶
ʮ׿ʯϣڷ۵ʥʿ΢΢̧ͷȻȴ쳣ƽֻϸѪɫںĤѡ
㣿
Žע˫ȣȻ
ڿ
ͬص䣬ͬΨһֻ˽ǿȲͬһһĽףȻһ࣬ѾȫѪЧֲ
һ̶ڿмˮĴĽ
ô
زŵؿŶԷ
һֱûôʲô˲ģĽʲô⼿
δ֪֮Ҳݹϵ֪Ѫص䡷ҡ
ڿжݽ֣Ȼͬʱأż׵ľš
ʲôֶ𣬼ʹΥҩ
Ҹ
ЦһΪʲôЩˣһʲô֮£ܾǱ˵⡣
ÿﶼ൱ħڸָļ⣬õͼ볡սм״̬ȵȣǿڡ
ʥʿ߬е˫ĴָʱʺѪҺ˳ŷӶϣһѪ
ſ˫ۣ޵ĺɫͬȼ棬͵ӿڸߣһҲǿҲûʲôֶΡ
Լ־
ֵĵ˲Ϣǰ
ֻ̫ˣ
ʶҪˣȴ˼ĳظС
ɫĹ֪ʱ֣Ѿβ˫ȣڲ£ȵʥ¶ȹ̣ҪڻƤ
ʱ
Ҫýʱǿµٴӡ
ŵ׵ĵȻһɿֲ˶䣬שʯȻѣʯС
ȻǸԷʦƮƮ
ͬʱʥʿյٺˣػص˷ʦǵ󣬲¶һ΢Цѡģʽġ
ԼȻǴȻһ
һֱĬĳ۾
Ľˡ
ħʦгŲõĽɫâ·Ҫۿ޺Ļɫƴһֱȼյǡ
иֳ棬ÿһŻڶзѳʮػ磬ÿһػսѿԽԽϸСǵөĹ档
κ̧֡
ƽϯ𣬽촵ͬɫѩм
ڣһҵǽεض𣬽ΧУصıȫڱ˹âˡ
Ҳ˦ִ˸ָ
ڰ֮ʯϣʣħʦ¶
ˣǽ䡣
νˣһʦǾı飺Ҹղžеħһܣ뿴ڴħʦĽܳס롣

ΪҲ֪Ҳôɵģ

ը˲û
ÿһǻĹڼͺ󣬻һ޴Ļ޷ʹ֮ʱͺȻըѣ˰뾶֮ڵһһƮʯȻըѡ
Ӳıը쳹ȵĴϯ̵¶˷ǽŸоߵ¶Ҳڼ
ľըʲôⳡըŲųʮӣ˾Ͷͳȥˡ
һĻֽ𣿻ˮϵأ诵˴ֿڣų˼ӡ
Ǹ߼ħʦɣǵһλûֱܳȥ㲻ˣ׵ʱɲֱ䡣
ʱûɡ
Ա߿ִ֪⼸ͶСˣֻΪԵʿűԼ˶٣ϸʼʱ򣬲ƥ䵽ĳ콣ʦȻ𡣡
ħʦˢˢתͷ
Ǹ߽սʿҲ䰡κǿʶ㲻֪Сţɱ¹սʿıԶԶڷʦΪǺ׾ͣţһԴ߽ʬ÷֮ġ
ţٻһʲô쫷֮ķϵ䣬ЧҲɡ
ǸħҲֵģʱգҲôɰ
ʵ˼ǣΪ̫ˣٻĽ䲻ֵң诲һ䣬ķʦǲġ
˵ľͺղŵĽҲһ

뿪˲ߵĵȺ򣬴´ȥΧ˵ѧԶȻһɧңƺʲôεˡ
¾Ͼֻ˲ֱӱȥ㣬˼ʹҲҪԼͦס߹ȥͬæ
ѷѧԺȻڲչĿռ䡣
ڸ˵ѧƵۼźܶʥְߣҵŸŶȥԷʱ򣬻˳һۡ
ţʮֺԼľٶ
Զۼһ˻ŶӵȺ룬һ۾Ϳ˱صҶ
ûüˣߺȻӦȻ̧ͷĿ⴩ȺޱĴš
ΪҪŮʥʿƷ˫ſη⡣
Ҷ뿪˶飬ؼߵǰơ


54 
Ÿеʮ
ڣһȺĳ⣬ǰһĶ飬̶ֳȲͬ˲Աڵȴơ
ǿȥڱ˵ˣΪж˶ֱӴȥƣ뿪󣬻ҪԼҽ
һȣڣǸַ䣬涼ϡܿ˸ʥ⣬ûйŵķʶڹ⻬ʯǽζ
ǰмʮλŶӵߡ
־ԸƵʦͼޣοԶͽȥ˶ˣһȥܻģżֹ֮׺͵Ļߡ
ԣƱ׼Ȭȥô죿
ֻҪΣգܳɹվ߻ңߵĹˡ
мʦǷ߳Ůȥɫ԰ףƺĹЩ˵ѧȥǣæ֣һкܲסһߵĿధڸˢһ
˷ϵ촽ָ̻ѪɫЩӲֽҲ𽥱ץһʦʦɫҰ׵ػ˻ΣǮˡ
ˣĲܼˡ
һʦҡͷҴ賿ھͳһЩô°Ȼ˵ĻͲѡ񻤶ս𣿡
Щʥͽʲôиսʿмغһսʲô
úúãҲ
ʦЦһȥҶ˸ΰɡ
㣡
ǸսʿʶסʱȴЩɵ
ԶǸʥʿƺ˵۾ȴһֱߣҲˣȻϵƷڰʥǣɴûз
ʦߺߵغͬԶˡ
֮ǰҶͶĵĿ⣬񿴵ʲôĵĶ

ջĿ⣬¿ǰҶ˵ʲô
ħʦǼҪҲֵÿϷվԱһԲ
Ҷ˵òᣬֱ۱յýƤʹϱը൱ֲ˺ۣ㿴Ҫʲô𣿡
ԸУǧ꣬Ҳ˼ٸƶƣȻվһЩ޷©
Ʃ˵Ӣ֮Ĳʱ⵽ս
Ʃ˵÷˶жǷҪԶ볡
ѧԺһֱעνȷļħ󡢼ٴħʧⷽҲĺܺãǣ˵жϱ׼޸Ķ⡣
ڵؾǸ͵ӡ
ȻԸݾǿҲԶ޷ִ硪
ⱬըĻУҧӲʮӣķױʱؾ֪Լ޿ͦһʮ룬޷Ǿ˱ȥơ
ûŰٲҲֻ䡣
ߵαͳ⣬ħʦ˶ᡪڻʱˡ
һģֻӣȻȴࡣ
볡ûŶãͻ赹ˡ
״̬ûбжΪˣʵ뷨˱׼ֻһ֮
ǿѧʱڣտʼʮСʱȻҲᱻĵͬѧȥȻȵһ֮طͲˡ
ѧ볡ԣΧûˣʧѪҲû
غҶ໥ӦħߣҲսǺܿҵˡ
λָָҶĹС㣬µ۹Ǯļ֮һҲĿռָƾᶼûС
ƾףҳǼԶ֣ʦĻʧܼʺܴʱҪֲܽ
׵ãҼ۸Ҳˡ
ֻ˵
ĵһž۸ңͨ˵ǰһµ롣
ǹǣ˵Ĵ壬ȻǧңҲλС㻨Ǯѡ
ȥˣΪܴĴռö𣿡
ҶŵؿŴţһ˵ô𣿡
ЩռħǴԼģ֮ǰ˫澵һ֮󣬳Լ֮˶ܿ
аɣ㲻һᶼ᲻ðɣ
ҲĪ㲻ʥְߣϹ˵аɣˣһδؼЧ֮׺ͺܸߡ
ǲҶĿռָʲôǸĵرϡҩʤŲһȽЧᶼûСϾϴܵĲֿ⣡
ĽҺʥᣬЩ廨ţвٶǼַӡģͨڳ۸Ǵ󸻺ǡ
֮ڵش´ࡣ
ʱֿӦīͫҶ¥ﳭͼ͵Ķܲܶڰϰɣ
㡪
Ҷͣһ£ǰմܵһȦǰһ֣ȻŴŲ֪Լݣϣһ顣
ΪʲôΪ᣿
Ϊа
Ź¶һãȻѸĸöӵ۶﷿ôӦذİɣĿռָ֮ģҲ͵İɣȻ϶Ҳʲôģ

˵Ļ˻𣿣
ôᡪ㡪ʲôˣ
żãȻһԶ𣿱˵ʽϵĹ͵ĶֹЩɡ
ԱߵħʦЦ诵ǺˣӲסûЦ
ûоᡣ
Ҷϻ侲ȻȷʵԷĻУԼƽһ֮Ҳα۹
ΪпŮ˼ֱܴ衣
ὫЩ˶˵
ҲûԴÿһˣƩصĸ֣Ʃǰһ
ת䣬ؿǰĺڷŮ㲻ξˣ֮ء
Żû˵һѰסļ򣬡Ϲ𣿴һʥʿôճֲǰ塪ҴģҪҡ
һ˵ţұͬʱֳĻռǣȼյߴ壬ճһصпΣ·һſҫâǡ
ϵǴħʦ
ħ֮ǧѧ߽׷ʦֻλһ׷ʦѾ൱ˡ
ܶʱһƬ
ãҶ鲻䣬Ҽס
סð
æǡ
ҶʶҫϯˣʱʵҲ߽׻߰˽ףһ㶼ϣǳ𣬱ծflagĽɫͨܵù
ԼҪͶԷĵףҲͲںЩˡ
Ųмغһÿ궼ˣûͶԶԶģ滤սʲôݻ̫Լ˰ɡ
¶ͬɫ
ˣѾǴ˾ռߵˣĲ˵ĺ˾͸ѡܰ
񾭲ȥŶӣ
ôµ
˾͵һ
Ŷӵ˻أ˵ҲԼվţѲһ£ûĸѪػʹȥҪ˱ŵģ˵ҲҶΪʲô𼱻ǵȥұƣǣҲ˶Ը⡣
ԼôûʥְѣѡܣЦһá
ЩϳصݣҲһ㣬ҲЩͬǴϵͲãȻҲԸӡ
ոȥŶӣڿѾȥˡ
Ҷ
ʵʱҲˡ
ңؼһ䣬Ҳû˵ӣ֪ûҽ̻ûӡ
ô˵ţϵķ̣һİۡ
ȻΪ仰˴ۡ
㡣
Ѿתˣ⻰Ȼԥػͷˡ
Ҷأûڳ̫ǾܵǷˡ
ԸͷһλʥǵʥʿˣҸм
һֱֱƽӶԷȻŮ峺ɫҪꣿ
ĪòԾֻûֳһǧô
ΧʱһƬ
۶Щԣľǣÿ׬һٽҲǲˣһǧҶڹ˵Ҳֻ࣬Ϊ˸һĻƺǲ̫ƽĽס
ȻΪһǧҶࡣ
ֻڵҲΪȱһǸʦʰԼСʱû¡
Ҷֱ˵֡
΢ײϽǮұԵ⡣
ۼֿؽʮöϽϤץס
ҶһԲĺɫһƬ𣿡
Ųɫס
һ룬ϾɫĹâǵ䣬ϵۿɼٶϣʮʱ䣬ȻѾȬˡ
Ժضһ£ƺҪѹˡ
ſһۣ¶Ӷı飬ڳһǶ˵̬żħʦתˡ
ʱҶŵıӰʧ
Ҳˡ

һߣɫ԰׵ػһ¡
Աߵķʦַסôˣ
Ӻ󣬴žͻ˹
лȻԼվˣŲ˵ǳԷߺȾƣʲôʲô
ħʦȻͬ⣬ҸָһѼΪ߰Ĳ͹ݡ
һߵͷһſڴǮûܵʲôħŴЩɽңϴκҶйصĶ
ͬʱһ¡
ҶϱȻᣬΪȥܵ˲ֿ⡪ȻǰɵģȻīͫǰᣬЩʥϺôԾ϶Ҷ
ҶԼǰþᣬ⡣
ڳʹþᣬҲΪͱܵ˶ˣȫðա
ǣȥصʱʵԽֱӴңʲôû˵ĵطʹþᣬȻһ˻ɣ˵Ӻζ
ʵϣδػѯʣ֪Ҳδ⡣
ȻҶˣһ¼ɣƣҲҪϷݵס
⣬ԼǾħĸ֣ǰܵ̸Ҳη塣
ĳЩʾһʱԼԼܺŪЩ̸ʥְߣҺԻҲûлˮƽƭǺġΪʲô˵ʦûȥ룿
¾ͺ޵
Щʥְ֮ڶõռ˱ˡ
أܸʹþ͢˶ҪרٻֻҪҸżһأʲôܴõ
ԭÿŮŮ춯صıףԼÿһˡ
鲻𣿡
ˮħʦڴ£ѧѧ㶼˵
ΪˣϾǶû뵽ҶȻĸǮϸ룬Ϊصˣô϶ȱǮġ
ˣ˵һǧҶԸϾֶҲǸ㻨ǮˮƽҲɡ
ӦҪһҵġ
һٸϽ𣿡
пռװ𣿡
ǰҲֻһСĴռأ

ŲʹҲԭġ
㲻ϺܲҲ㣬Ͼһ½ʥְߵӦˮƽ߱ٺһ㡣
Ȼʥ塣
ͨЧٷûĬ˲ҲᱻͶЧͻһִ
Ϊʩٶȼ¡ͨⶼʧЧܴɼΪơ
νƣΪʥˡ
ī֣ͫʱ˶Σÿζܿϡ
ȻΪóҶҲ֪ҲôΪ˻ֱ뵽ʥ塣
ԼղųָƣҲʥ壬Ǹȹ֮׺͡ԻΪ㣬ϵЧͻһ㣬Լʾͻַӱ¶
ԣһ
ʥȥʥԽȻͬЧʵҲܶࡣ
Ǽյнʥ֮һΪصĶ֫նոձͷˣܱʥ
ǿʹִнʥһ˲˲٣жζݵڡ
ȻҶʥְߣܷǸ
ҲֻܼԼŸ߳ʥʵЧˡ
Ҳ˵ΪʲôҪܣֱֻöԷ֪Լĵϸá
˵ҶΪƣΪʲô
ûҪ
пܾΪ˿ˮƽ
˵ֱܾԷһ̽Ҳ޶ʤֱӵóۣ²ʥ壬ؿҪһǧңڶԷǮٲƾЩ˵ȥˡ
ǰ춯صʽҲԼԸʱ̣Ҷͻأ
еϸ˼ּˡ
ܡ
ΪһֵϲˣһὫÿ˶õ


55 
ҪϿΣˡ
ų극ͶǸ𣬡ˣܿԼķΧħֵңǲҪ߽׷ʦ
ãǽ䡣
һĽȺħҲԣһʧ󡣡
ϴҲ㱻һն

ˣţÿܴŶҪһΪʦõҵԣûȤһ𣿡
˵ʵŲ̫ȷ⼸еʵĿġ
ϾʵûʲôôȻҲرϺȡֻûֵ¡
Ȼǲ±ۣҲԸ׾ӴֽħΪԺս׼ˡ
гһԼȡûر͵ǴӮı꣬Ҳᾡǡ
Ǵͬˡ
ðֻҪǲҡ
ܿ죬õԼĿα
ʥ֮ѧûָı޿Σħ֮ķʦǣΪħʷγ̵ĺͿԹصҲƵĻΣѡȫƾԸϲȻȥ
Ҫѡһи߽ʥЩγ̵İŲգʱһһڣеһһڣʼѧϰﲢû̫ϻʦʮָɴظǸϰһڿͽʩСϸڣʥԵĽ۾ȵȡ
ûȥֻÿܺħʦһǵҵ
ʮСսȻһʧܡ
ΪÿʤһǵĽʮʤʱ򣬳ɹͭλ

кܶս˻ƽ糺λ
ÿܵС֮⣬ûٲμӱĿαʱ㲻Ͻţ˺ܶϰĿϿξʥ֮ѵҸҪȥܵѲߣȥ˽լ
ĩʱ뿪ңϿڽҲ¿ˣ˹һ𣬴ܹȥ
򣡡
٣ͬǸ𣬴չסļ򣬡ղʲôΣ𣿡
ǡ
˵ľһļңҳɹͬѧ´Ҷ˵ΪҪĸһܴ߳ɹ
˹Ц¶żȮ˵Χ˶ҲֻǳɹԺ̫ˣſ˯˰Сʱ
ľƺǳȣȳߵȵһȼ
֪ǾͺΣΪʲôɣ˵ŵʦ˵ĻˣȻǴžʶˡ
ǾĲѡ
һ˵һߣȻĳϿεĽҡ
һͽݽң̨ϵĵʦһλЩĴߣȴܺͰűԵİɫʥռǡ
ʥǾʥռ
Ψְ׵ʥͽʸռǳƷϡ
ڽͽ䡣
ҲۼƳڰϵ֣ϸ˵ֻýɫ˿һ䣬ȥĻֱȥˡ
ŲûѡͽʥĿγ̡
Ϊ֪ͽҪϰ
ħʦǿԶſյȼһƬһΪϵϵԪؾڸʦԪؾ鹵ͨ󼴿ʩ
֮ʥֶʥԶԼϰҲãҲãͨʩĳ״̬
ٲʥҲԶſյϰƩ˵⽣նֻʵȺЧҲ͡
һСʥضʱͷš
Ʃ˵ͽ䡣
ͽʥھ԰ＫΪЧһʥͨࡪаѪǱڰȾͽûЧ
ҲܸѧṩϰĶ󣬵ʦҪôһħҪôŪһ飬ЩΥ¡
ȷʵʥܸȤϾͽ䣬ҲͲüɵҹʻǸİˡ
ҽȥһ߰ɡ
ֲҪʦһһ̵ڽ۵Ĵ˵ûѡҲԽȥ±ϳϾʦδܽȫʥ֮ǧˣһôֲͬѧұ˴֮Ҳδضʶ
űԼͱңȻûٿڶۡ
Щ˵ĿαȽϽգڿʱţȻȴһԳٵһ൱ʦҲƽϡ
ڵһΧĽ£̧ͷȥڰýɫ˿ƴյ䡣
ͽҪĲĿ꣬оġ
λ߸վڽ̨ϣղƺʲô⣬εѧУһʦڷԣûվֻţƺҲǺóڽ˽еĿİͰ͡
ݻģ˴Ҷš
ʦԼĳһε
Ƿȥ궬죬ʥ֮֯ġȫʥְɵĶ飬ǰµ۹߾ƶ򣬰ľһͽĿơ
ֿƺʽ·𲻸ѧǲ룬ûеʦӵ¡
Ȼʥ֮ĵطͬ˶ʽʥְߣʥͽͱĳصɣʥʿͱ¼ȡʿųΪԤֻۣűҵͻᱻˡ
ԣҪμǾͲᱻѧԴ
ʵЩͽʳħαװģǱԣõЩĴŮ
ҵһʹóͽ䣬˵ɹʹá
ʦеȴΪŻߺ£ƺЩ˷ܡ
ҿǸʳħΧﻹװźͯĲ֫
˿ҷǳҲǳġ
Զ׼ɹʹ˳ͽ䡣
һС̨ϵĴ΢΢ףǽ̸𣿡
ǵģʦ˵ͷңࡢ˻о飬ԳԶΪʲôǾͲΪʳ
ԽԽ󣬴Χ˶ʼۡ
ô
ƮƮ̧֡
Ĺңһ˲š
شأ
˶ʦ⣬ȻΨǸʦԿڣ˵Ҳ֪࣬ΪЩӵŭʲôΪҳԹļѼţĻҲ޻˵
ŷֽˡ
ֳѹָиһɢ˶ûعеڴ߸߳˲ʥе˼ǸʦĻشԼʦʲô塣
ллĻش
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ҵˢˢ˹
ţ
Ǹ⣬ʶԼҲϣûҪشĴ㣬û뵽⵼ʦȻע⵽Լı仯
ǸͨӰħİ飬ӲͷƤǸһսʿĴ򶷣õʥ
һ΢Ц˶ڴϵİʥǻռǡ
º͵صͷʹóͽ𣿡
һʼûУʱ֮ͬǰĿӰħϮңǵսܿ졣
˵ʱղŵʦ꿴һۣͷҲ⡣
Цʧˡ
ȻĴ󲿷˶Ӱħζʲô߳İ̿ǣӰħһ˲ͿԽ˵
ץסʹóͽ䣬ǱԷʧˡ
ʵʵ˵
˵ʹҼϤĬ˲𣿡
ԥŵͷԡ
ﲻٴοʼɫš
Եʣʥʧܵصʱ
лṩĻش𣬡֪һʦҪΪߣͽǱյʥҹϵأѶȸڴʥ
ʥתְΪٵıҪ
ΪȲͨԲϰҲܶſ˹˵򼸸̿ЦѧǶΪģ𣿡
ͣһý˰ӵʱ䣬˵һ棬ǣһǱǺԵʵղλ
߿֮ǰԵʦ꣬Щ¶ػ
ǳᶨҪ˵İ壬ҲԷҡǣǵģǸʳħʵĶдȶΪЩʥְڳͽʩʱһᶨͺʧܣץסᡣ
ĺڰּ仯ˡ
ͽҪĲĿ꣬Ҫڰаľġ
ÿνʱ򣬽ﻹ۷׷ס
ŷ˷ԼıʼǣֻѧͽصԶ̾˿
ûϵԱλϵʦ̾Ϣ˳ڰοԼξͺˣܱʥ¼õˡ
ţ
֪仰Ƿ̣ΪȻߺŽʥǣҲЩµˡ
ҵ츳ܲ
ͷ۵˵ʱͷʥʱͷ˵ĸоҾþ±ңҲûɹˡ
ʦҡͷʧЦ
ֻΪǸеðЦˡ


56 
µһ죬µҹࡣ
賿ǰᳵ·ܵĳϢҵͬǡ
Ѿʱڣ۶ºͣҹмֺ⣬ʪĴ뵣·ƵůƹڻģһƬ
ҹ׹ĸɿݻҶδɨȥһƬɪ
½죬˳ͬǰԵ۶ȦĸִС£иϴξ㡪Ϊʲôϲѽλռ¶
սʿռǣ
½һۣѾûȥʦԽλˣ˵ҿܽˣǰɣҲ̫Ǹˡ
Ų֪λСĽλ
Ȼ֮ǰսľһƳָ߶ĽоǸʦ
սʿܹҲʮһλÿһν׶ζսʱ䣬ζڽһ¥
㲻֪Լˣ
λжǽʦƶı׼½̯֣ЩҪһƾ֤ȥַԵˡ㿴λ£˼Ҿûнλɱʥ
ǲһɡ
Ǿ飬˵ܲϲ֮κ壬ԴŲмƶĽλɡ
ӨСҲ˵ǰھɭֵʱ֪ʲôλ֮ȫǳȤȥμħĿˡ
ҵ˼˵ǶʥְˣǵĿ˺ְǿҵնʥõʥλʥֻĸҲֻײš
½˵˵žЦȻ²û
ʱˣҲ̫λˡҡҡͷڽⷽ츳һ㣬ڼҵĴСǰȻںĻǾȥˣǵӰ졣
ĬĬ˵ͷ
ȷʵںϾһǧԼȻҲܸеսԽҲûܣýλжһ²࣬Ҳûбİ취ˡ
ʵλҲ׼ȷΪǼһᱩ¶ʵ
Ǳô£
ǰеСӳ΢΢Ťͷţȥһۡ
ʥʿǶöƺָʹҲǹˡ
ΪҺƼڴˣԵ۶ҲǴƶȣ賿ʱֻֽѲߵĵ۹ܵΧʥʿ֮⼸ûˣżЩˣѲߵʿܵʡ
Ȼǵ۶ĻҲбʻܱܿߡ
賿ʱҹһ紵ֱߵĹľԸO@
һԲشӶ߳ȥԾԣǱߵĶԽԽ
۹ʿ׷һˣſ·ƺҲٶȱȳ˿һЩȻС֮Ǳ׷Ȼ󰴵ˡ
۹սʿռ˾
ͨʿһսʿӶ࣬սʿܵϵͼ٣ڵ۶ľսҪ󻹸һҹѲߵʿҲףСӳͨˡ
׷һ㽣ȥǿһǶǽߵƽ൱ˡ
ʲôܣҹҤӺ˼ɣ
һƢʿץסǸ˵ͷҸǮܸʹ㣬ֵ֮ⶼˡ
ģŵñᶼˡ
λ˷ŹҰɣҲкӡ
˻ʲôԺޡ
иʿЦһȺ˶ͷͻ棬ɤƺǸĹҿ⣬ȹ˵
˵滰
־־شģŸ˺ӣ̫ˣž͵θڣһ㶼
졣
ĳʿһ߶߹ǡ
ܵ͢ﲻٶ׵ľ룬ǱѲߵʥʿ
ԱߵʿȻͬһӣꡣ
ʮ׿ĵطڷ۵ʥʿµĺӰһԲؿǡ
ͬʱǸ۵ȥƲס밧ĳʿۼֿץסԴڵˡ
ӳһۡ
ĬĬΧһ־磬ڻеʧ棬λ࣬Ҳˡ
һתȥһŲ졪
֮ǰǸŮʿܹ࣬Ѿôˣ治˼͸λˡ
ּֿ˵һ϶ҲΪ䣬ܸɴؽöŵ׿ڴ
ţûʲô
Ⱥ˺ڴʲô£ԥŵͷſЩʿƺ˿

ʥʿתͷԾԣѸԾʧĴϣƺȥԼĶˡ
Ǯʿһ
ȥᣬûг궼˵ղŻΪǸʦû뵽⣬Ǵʦ˰ɣ
۹ʿ
иԴҡҡͷôܽʥǣǵšȻбҲ汾²С

ѾԶˣڷȫ֪״̬⣬Ҳ̫Զ˶Աһ֪
÷¡
ŮҴ׷ԼͬǣڿڴﻹŽңһˣû¡
ʥʿģ׷Ǳ߷ʲô
Žղŵľ˵ʿǷԼͬǾͷ׷ˣθ˼ңǺȾư
ţ
߸ңֻǳȥһ٣ôõôࣿ
ȥõúȾ𣿡
ŮĬ˼ӣαôһ仰ҲУҴħˡ
ڽֱߺȾüңǵ۶һߣʮȥѰ֣߸Ҳˡ
ͬǷ׷Ц
ʲôȻǸưɡ
õأȥ
˵СϲкŮ
õŮܰԵһɶʲô½סԱߵСûء
Сʱȥ˰ɡ
ǵ۶ˣȻһˣ

ޱؿۣԼһֱ˵ǵ޾е۶еֳƴƩߣЩͻѪṩȵȡ
ҺûˣһΪʥʿǵôøܡ
ʵЩҲ
峿ʱɫɢبڽֵϣͥԺ̵ĲҶϴ¶ˮ
̧ͷһײС
ͽѾˣһϵʥʿҲ׼չ
š
ɢ֮СӳЩĵؿ鲻𣿡
ʵֻڷԼʥչʥѧö˳Ȼ˵һѧᣬȫܸϻ߳ʦεĽȣѾΪˡ
ֻǣɳͽĻûʲôͷˡ
ȻҲ
ȥ˼ڹڳͽĿΣʵϣ˵һÿεģһλΣĿγ̶˱ĵʦ޷ṩرЧİ
ҡҡͷûУֻǡ뵽֮ǰ¡
ͬҲвͽģ˵Լͽֻ
÷һ£ȫˣǸʿץļһֻû̫ײӣ˵ʲôеĵĻ⡣
Žʹ˵ҲﻰɣȷʵǸ˶ĵˣѾ̫ˡ
Ҳûú
ΧûߵʥʿǷ׷ˣܻеģҭʳɡ
ʲôݰ㲻˵ġ
ĸײ㶼ûǮҵµİ潣Ǯˣ½˸ۣˣ˵ģֻͽ鷳
ҲֹеĻ˺ðɣ
Ҫȥ鿴˵ѻԱҶһϽеĶࡣ

Ѿܶҹʥְڸ׼ʰؼңǻк֮ʣԶȻһ΢СĻңǰƺʲôݺܸߵˡ
ɭֻ
ҵ죬λٸºƯ
ǰʥǵڶŵľų𡪡̫˧˰ɣ˵һˡ
ǵУһȺΪ۵ĸ߽ʥְߴӶ¥Ǳ´ӵŴ߸յĳȣϵĻռҫŲõĹԡ
ܵļλһ˫̸Ա߼˸ϡ
˼ؿһȻиϤǵУ΢ЦԼ
գۣңңʮ׵ľ룬ӴкϣͬʥĹ⻷Уõò˼顣
ţ

̫ˣΪ˼ûˣҲȫû⣬Χ˷ĸпУƺû˭עŵϡ
˫澵ˣ
ʶûڵһ䣬ע⵽ԷЩؿԼ̲סСڣҴȥ𣿡
ŵƺĿͣ΢Цŵͷ
һ̣ΧƺԶȥ綼ð
ߡ
Żع̶ߵͬ˵ҪȾھȥ㣡


57 
峿ʱֵľƹ̣żмҹĿˣ̱ɳ˯Ŀ˴ڸҵֹǴҴææس緹Ȼȥ
ʥʿǻ·Ȼʦϰ嶼ʶǣ൱дȺˡ
Ÿ˺ձÿһڶҪʱ䣬ͬǲֻΪ̫С޷ȾƵĿ֣ˡ
ҵıԵ¶ȵĳ֣߸ߵ͵͵ľƹڶֱ߹ο͡ǰȥϰľżЩſųĶ顣
һЩĻһ߷۵糸ظϻԸ
ȫý··ϳ͸˵ƵƵף󼸺һ·ڵ̳
صҴžִȥ˽լ
Ǹ磬ٽһء
еǸţϾ˼ҰѽָΪ˷㽣ѧѵһص۶Ĵ͵㡪
ڸʲô
߳԰ĲңȻϤ
ħάϵõʢͥԺ̫ɡºȲ衣
ſһ޴Ĵϣش˯󣬿ĵҡβ͡
Ŵչȥӡ
ֱӷ˸ڵ¶Ƥë޵ֻצӱס֡
Զ޷ܾӣԱ¸ӲӣҴ£Ǹֻܺһ
ͷǳɿצӣһǳɵ̬
ţ
̲סӵԴȻһѱס˶ԷԼůë̫ɰˣôôɰˡ
Ӻܸ˵غ
ֲֵؿǣܲţʵʵϲ㡣
Żӣ̧ͷҺţʶʮ𡣡
ʱʹʶǧ꼸Ҳûʲôá
Щյ˵š
Ӷһۣأ
ƲͷȥᵽŮĻ
ţҾʲô
Ӷӣ˶ûôԷղ˵ʲô
ҡҡͷȥܵʲô
ŶǸ;ӵˣҪȥ
е㲻˼ȥҵĵ˫澵ϰܺãѻóģллˡ
ػӻ֣ûʲôҪ͸𣿡
ţ
һ£ǣһ
ţʵ֪
̿ЩЦؿһۣͶ۵עӵʱ˵˵֪˫澵𣿡
űӣԳֱ˵չ֮Ĺϵ
ɢںûжʱֿʼ̧צӰŮ֣ɵĴβ˦˦ȥ

ŸϿ˳ë
ǲ֪͸˭
΢΢ǣڳһʲô֪ӡ
ֻ˵һֿԣ㿴ûԼľӣҪЯʱ֪һߵĶܷŵռװţ˵˻᲻룿
е
ԼľӣҲ̫ðɣΪ۸ǴԼĻǿվӵ˰󶨵˼
޹̯֣ΪʲôҪҪ˵𣿡
ţ
Щɵؿ˶Էһۣ˵͸ĻҲп㷢չʲô֮Ĺϵ𣿡
㶼˵ˣˡ
һƽ˵ܻ֮Ϊػ⣬Ȼãʲô
𣿡
۾˼ǣ۷ʲôԶǺã˼ɣ
񣺡
ѵñҭһ¡
ǰŮЦеؿ汧Ǹ磬ûѵʱ˽ָ͹˼
ضһۣ¶˺Ƶ΢Цû£ϾǺá
ǡ
жٷ֧ϵñֵܽò֪μ¸ûм⸮ۡ
֪ĳЩ²ΪǵѪԵϵҲټˣˣá
һݣȴֻһȻɱˡ
ôˣ
ص£·ĳ״̬㣬ֻǱϿȻʮֵýţҲ²á
ԼһĹھӺһֱҫ侭ССս˶Ǽҳ㷹
ҲãҲãֻҪڱﶼġ
Ϊ˵Ǵʦ
űߣԵվסˡ
š
ٴ˳ָ˱裬ʦƶһЩ׼Ȼ֤λ˵һǼ𣬾ԵĲ࣬Ҫ൱ḻļȥֲһλʤͺ˾󣬾ͷЩǳ
ŵȻ֪ʱЩǳϾ;Խʤ
ȻһֱŽλʵԵʣʱҲȷʵܱǱԼǿĶ֡
㣬ʶܺá
ֱ̧Ȼһ£Զ˼άȴѣʺϳΪսʿĽҲʺսô˵е֣Ϊƺսġ
˼ΪѪҺ
űλΣҲٿ佱ˣϾԷı϶ǣʵǶһλħʦʩ˷Χ䡪
˵Ĳ
ԥһ£ԼļŷԷ
ллãһȥлġ
̧ͷ峺۾·˺˪Ҷ˵û᣿
ǸûϵΪĲϲ˵ϲҶһɣҶɥʧһкøУҾֻΪãܵ
ԼҶĻɣ֤Լĺ
ȷʵ˵ûоᣬҵʱᵽСӦΪʲôģֵûܷŭ
ЦһеǮûȻ۶ʲôطǮϳòͱǼˣΪȣǼҵѹˡҶܽʼħѧԺѵҶλûеļ𣿡
һ¡
ҶȥǸʼħѧԺ˵ǵطǹүСƼѧԺԴḻʦҲʵûʲôѧϰѹֻҪ㹻ݺǮûħ츳ѧҲԽȥ
ĿѧٲҲԵҩʦ߲ҩʦȵȡ
Ȼ˵ЩħҲҪѧɽҲΪѧƵżȽϵͣ˶ţֻǰҪķѴϣͨ˼δܳе
һʱˣȻҲûйͷΡ
ţ
ʥְߣڹǰĵʱٲһϵƽˡ
ðɣ룬úģ֮ǰʲôڳü
µ֮ǰܵ¼˵óۣȷʼٸ߾Ҷ˲ŶҶװûоôŭ
˵ҲѸˡ
ܵʱһƬֵķΧ
ͥԺȡʥϢвЩɭֹĴǣһ·ҵۺͲ²⣬Щ˵עЩ߽ʥְϣЩ˼ɭ־ʲô¡
˵һֱжħ֣Щѷ쿪ʼƶӡ̶ס
µѷ֣
ģǰʱǸҹʻûץܸо̫Ծӡ
вʦܿҪתְܵޣתְǾͻᱻ䵽𴦣в˰Ҫ͵Σյĵطɭܱߵפ㣬Ҳв˵ԾԾԣ޲̺Ͷħɼܡ
밡Щн׶ħɱսʿ
սϢʦһŮ˷ܵ˵ȻֻǽʿЩн׶ħȴסǵĳͽ䣡
ͬҲʮͬصͷûǱףˣҲֻܺͶħսˣǽʥʥħʦ壬ǵʥá
ɴ¥˿е㲻˼ЦЦ
μˡ
óĶǾࡪʵϷˣֺ壬һȵȣһðҷ
Ʃ˵ͽ䣬Ʃ˵⽣նƩ˵
Ǵ߶ŵͽ׶ħʹõĻһ㹻Ǳɻҽ
ǵͷת¥ݡ
Щ˾ۼĻ㣬ڻûнվʮʥְߣ߻иͷεʥʿƺЩ£ûʸȥᣬֻš
ڼվһ̫гƳһ۾͵ԶţǱɢҲ
ɳ£¿ڴȡöƯ־ҶƲ߿ϣõһȾľޱȡ
Ȼ
λɢˣųǺ͸λ߽ʥͽ½߳խҲЩӵдŵ´ˡ
ţһ͵İ׹⿪ʼ˸
վ߹ȥΧͱ̸ı˵ʦ
лҲͿкСһöӣϴε£Ҿ֮ǰҲҪȻûԼ
Ҳ˵Լһʱ嶯лܲġ
ȷʵ
ѧļûж룬˺ˣŽԼڶԻһλͬš
ź˴к⣬ȻһƳȺеĳ𷢴˾
һΧһ߼˹ȥʱ𣿡
ţ
ŵƵشȺ߳ҿ϶ʱٿһ
ô˵ţĵƳ⺮ХͥԺ
ϳ˽լڵķ


58 
ʱ䣬ʮӰʧ˴룬ʣϡϡʮˣվһȺмڻ棬ҷɵؽ̸ţǰˡ
վڻ濿ſڵλãǰ֡
ŵһ۾ϳһּζ
۶ܵλСΪͷ˾˱ʥʡ
ɴ˵Щʲô֮ǰЩʥְµĸڣ˵ʲôӿǰּζܸһˡ
߼µֶ
лƵ˵ţҲǼ롣
ŻعͷȥŵлѾʼĻ⣬ҪݶЩʥְߣһһİֲϱĳ
߼˾ڴ˾֮ϣתְף½ܹʮλ߼˾еѾǺ´̣е˵˳ϣΣȫʥǣʮ궼뿪
ɸּζȥʥǡΪλ߼˾ѧ
㵱ѧҲܻЩôġ
ſּζЦ̵Ǹļ룬ƺǵһܵȥЩ˲߳ȥˡ
ΪҪ뿪طֻܼǰߣ˻̸ʥ߰ĴС£һһȥЩֺ͹ϵ
վżܵĸ߽ʥְߣԼջһ˶ڣЩʥǵľųǣƢĵľžų𣬳ĬԵĵžųһĮĵžųĽ
վһ׺ɫĺضӡž֣ϲâԡ
ǵԱߣһͦβЦˣİɫIIӡǣͬطİؿڣܱߵıʯѫӳ쵻Բʡ
ֻһۣ߾̲ͷ
ΪӢ䣬һ˫Ľɫ˵ʱĿҲ絶
Ůæͷ
ɢҵĽ
˵мżŭ⣬ΪʥǲѵӪ޷ͨķˡ
ųվߣЩֻлİͽ
ѹʥ壬ߵȡ
˿һۡ
׵ûҹ¼ǡ
ѹסҪ²ӸûȥʲôѵӪĳ嶯װԼǸûиľͷˣһߡ
ʹˡ
Ŀɨӹ˵ѾˣԲμѵͨѵӪĿˡȻҲҲῴȥôˡ
ţ
侲侲
һԼľĬĬǽһˮǽڱ·ͷŸ

һ˲
Ȼ󣬴뵽ֲԼ˾ҲϹȻˣĳǶ˵Լ˾ľ֣Ҫӣ
Ǹ˺Ŀ⣬ֱתЩءͦص뿪ˡ
ɸ£հ
ߵΨһŮԾųǰ¶һЦݡ
ȥԸᡢʵгǸľųʱŮķЦˡ
⻰ȻǶԴ˵ġ
Ųлֺͱ˵ȥˣֻĽ΢΢ҡͷ¼Ȼ⣬ӦǰõӦ
ʦҪжˣǱޣ񾳽ָտɴ
Щͷ۵˵Ҳиϣ̸Ҳ˼ɣǼ˶õµϿɣԶʦ
Ȼϸ룬ܴ²µ˵˾ǰʥǵĴų
˵ƽʮֺͰʥʿŵĴų񼶵񽵡
ʥְյʥû֮һ
ΪʥǰᣬǱҪĳһλϿɡ
ǣҲǹµĴǣȫһңԶλ棬⽵񼣴½ȻĳЩɵ£ĳЩʥְ߿ֱʹǵ൱ڱ
±ҲᣬΪ˽̻ʱ⣬û˭ùԼϽ٣Ȼ̻Ҳ겻ʹùˡ
ƽʮֺͰʥǵλųҪֱܷʹ񽵡
ҲǱºϿɡ
ÿϰѲߣͬ죬Ȼ֪˲£Ʃ˵ʥʿŵĴųѸߣֵʢľųԾԾԣϷƽ˾ﲻ֪ٵ⽣Ӱ
߾λһǵڶų壬һ͸ǵųɡ
ԸղԼĵز⣬ʵֻΪ֮⵽Ĺϵ⼸ųվһ˵ȴվһߣԭ
ͨһ㣬ղžͺܸɴزӵˣҲԷԼָָ㣬Ȼɺ⡣
Щµʱɺŵˡ
ϾͲ죬Ҳû̫໰˵ǻͷ⣬ǰ߾͹һòԶЦݣߵǱȥԼľִкˡ
뿪Ƿ֮ء
ﻷһľȻԶ˻ڵ¥㣬Χʥְ߽һȥֻʹҴȥ
Щûϰ𣿡
ãһѲߵʱ˵⡣
ŽԼ˵˳˵൱ϸս̡ڶԷǰûʲôġ
ǰϽʱԼһǱɵһŲˣŵѾãӣҲҪά߼װˡ
룬ɴԼһćҲ˵ˡ
Ǹ鷨ʦҵʱԼǸʥְˡʵҼǵãΪҲϸԼţʵҪǺ˹֮ϵԵʱң֮ǺΡ
Ц΢΢ͷŨĽѩĽâˮɫ͸ĺĤƺҲʰ쵣ÿϢ
ʵе񡣡

űΪᰲο䣬ƩûǸ鷨ʦΪǹ֮ģѵҲɹ£
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һػش𣬡ʱԼ˭ܺܿս
Զ⻰ʥս
תһ룬Լûʥ뻹нһﲻʥǻô
㲻ỹǸħʦɣ
ţŵһûȥԹλ԰ı׼ֻ˵Լħ
ԭǴ̰
鸴ӵš
ϸ˵κһ˾κһ߽ʥְߣֻһʥ
˾ǳó⣬ǿʥӦҲкܶྫͨġ
ڼ뵱пܴڴ̣˴˾ξͲˡ
㲻ҵĻҿʲôħԪħġ
ʵûб˼ԷԸ˵Ҳûϵֻǵˡ
Ͼħ츳˽ʥְߣΪٻߣѡְ׵Ĳࡣ
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ҡҡͷĵ̾ϢԪħĻҵȫϵ츳һģԡÿһϵħԶһ㡣
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ⲢҲһֺõ
ԪħУν츳ָĳһϵԪؾ׺
ûħ츳ٲе츳£ͨһϵϵĵ͵׺ϵ׺
ԪħʦУ츳״̬һϵ׺ΪеȻ߸ߵȣһϵ׺ǵ͵ȣʣµĸϵԪ׺Ϊ㡣
Ը󣬴Ҳʶ˼ħʦ
课ܴ󷽵̸츳ǻϵȣϵϵеȣ֮ûб츳ҲΪʲôѹϵ
ΪżҲһ·ϵϵħֻǻĲࡣ
͵׺ζֹףû׺ζŸѧϰ
߾Щʣ츳ƽģȫϵ׺ͣôٷ֮ʮǴȫϵ͵ȣϾǷϵ츳
ѹֶԷ˵˺ǣҲûȥħпԡ
뵽̾˿̧ЩѾĽ˵ļ
Ҷˡ
ŵ
ûж˵ʲôֻ΢Цһ£û£ࡣ


59 
ɭӲʥְǸոɢᡣ
Щ˾ʥǣΪɭλµ۹ڣԵ۶ܵҲҪ֧Ԯṩղǿ۵ӦҲйء
ӦܻһζݵϢʱ䡣
ǾζӦÿԺŵһ
뿪ħӳⰻȻĿͥԺϳĹǵͣһߣ·ʥְǷ׷
΢һǰĽˡ
Ӻܸߣִ˴˾ʽװʵƫӲõİɫۣճȳľģڵ£ߡ
°ϽĽɫ˿۳ȨȣԿŷģŸְ׵Ĵ˾
¡
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ȽЩٴߣųǣͶ䶯ýҶսϢ
ԴܾǸóսûս衣
ͽ䰡
ظһ飬㻹ûгɹ𡣡
ŵ˵ͷǸʥûԼ߿ϰҾ˵ҪоĿľ֮ġ
ʦҪΪߣҪճͽ䡣
ȻҪҵϰĻᣬͨҪǰ֧ԮħԾ򣬻ͽⱵı߾ȵȣȻͽ䲢һλ߼ξյʥʦڡ
ǰл¸˵
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мﵹƵƵףʵҲû峤࣬ԿֻǶǸ˾õĽᡣ
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ҽʥǣͬ󣬲֪˺ܶಽ裬˵ܶûͬߺŵЩˣǵҲҷḻˡ
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˵ΪͶƱڼ֮Ѹٱɸ߽ʥְߣһܶƱ
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ͣһȻʶЩ񽵵ԽԽ١
ʥǵ״Ǹӡ
δųѸؽλȥǱԳ񾳽磬Ȼµʮλųû˭ܵõµϿɣ񽵡
ʿҲࡣ
µoڶ֪࣬ǳ⣬ʮλλ׼ԼǧİһСǳʥְߣ壬ǰսʱھ͸
һʥְܵõκһ˵ϿɣֻǸҲ˵Լ񽵡
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⣬Ҫ񽵣ͬǵڶ
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ʥְǳȺӵǰǵʥħԶͨһѡУͿʼ񽵡
Ȼʥְ߱
֮󣬽͢ʼѡ񽵵ʥְߣ޳Щʲģѡǿ׳սʿǡ
ǲûбȻ񽵵˲䱻ݻ־ɰ׳ջߵ
ӴԺΪ˱ηҪ֪˶ΪսǴҲᴥŭǣϾÿԼϿɵĶ󣬽ûӶԷˡ
͢񽵵ı׼һߡ
ֻдﵽ׼ˣʸȥʥ˾ˣϿˣҲ֮ǰĿֲ¼
ߵȵľ
ţԼǿ塣ȻұЩ߽սʿһ㣬ʥζŹ֮׺еoǹµ׷ߣǵͬԴǹϵ˵ϵĻĿԱȽϵͣ԰ɣ
ǿԵͣеʥ壬Ϊ޷ʧܡȻʱҲԭ򡣡
ŵ΢΢ףĵʦ᲻ϧһд۰ǿΪڴ񽵡
ŵ˵ͷ
ʵҲ²µˣֻǲȷԡ˵κһλo𣿡
ŵÿɷؿһۣ͵ѯʵ˵ϲ𣿡


60 
ȥе֡
ȫ䣬ڵȫǹ£δᱻɷķǡ
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ҡͷĻ˵Լϲκһ
Ϊʥְߣôܲϲأ
˵Ȼе֡
Ǹſյؿܶһϲ𡣡
Ҫ˭ϡ
ŵ赭дؽ͵͢ʥΪе񶼽Щγ񽵵˵ҪȷٻĶ󡣡
ĳֽǶϣƺʥְѡٱԷѡ
Ȼ˵Щ£Դͨô
ʸ;񽵵˲࣬ǣһõʸ֮ҪѡҪλ
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˵ߵζҵ
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ţ
ͷƺ˼ŸԼ˵¡
ߵȾȴҲڣЩڱʱ鲻ãܾͻεЩʥУǻ֪ǽ͢ѡҪ񽵵ˣͨô;ܾ
е
ⷽĻù¼ֱܺߣϾͽʥְÿʱÿ̶¼ǧͽôٸĳߵȾҲܵˡ
ŵ˵ͷҲԣѵ͸ñʱ޿̵ɧ𣿡

ŵ˼ؿ룬ЩΪɧžǵ㲻Ҳ˵ͽǵıԹ˫ϵ𣿡
ֻǾ˵Ҳе⣬Ͼǰѡ񡯸ĳֶ塪
ʵһѡ
Ϊǿܽ񼣴½ϵǣǽѳĳָ߼塱ļ򵥶塣
˵Ըͽʹù֮ʵҲ޳İɡ
Ů˵ʽ﷢ģģ˵Ҳ滰Ҿ϶ҲҪ
ŵЦЦؿġӦòҪԾͺҿڳŵ
ȷʵҪҪҾ͡Ҳ֪ǻôʽҪӦкܸܶɱҴ׷߰ɣһӲˣ
ʲô
˵ʲô
ʶҲǸ˼ǲ̫ˣ
š
˳һƺ˶ݵ˼ĵİ

æȣ˵ҺҸĸ˹ϵܲҲûرĵѣԼҽˣǸӦþΡҲиһеˡҿ϶Ϊܶ࣬粻ǽ飬Ҿܺרעصһ׷ߣ˼
ǧҪΪ壬Ϊ߻Լͷ
ǿ϶ǲܵġ
ϾļһֻһսûС

ŵؿһۣµʵʲô
ŴӸȻѣ룬ǻ⳶̫ԶˣȻ̫࣬˵˼ǣʹߵȣҪ񽵣Ҳýʥרõȥϵ
ҵ˼ǣĵ̾˿ƺǳΣô֮ǰҪǿҪ㾿Ҫ˭ϣ򡪡
ܾ
ô
ĵʦν̻ʵѧѧΨһʥ塣
ŵ˹˵̻ʣʥ
ʥｨʮٻͬΨʥǱ뱻̻ʱ±ġΪҲ˼֮
ٻá

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ټĽ͢ǧǧʥְߣĸ߽սʿͷʦȻΨн̻һɹ񽵡
ʵϣܹĽٲǽ̻ʶԵȨڽ͢ĸλʥְǶԣ񽵵ʥְԽ࣬ζŽ͢ĶսԽǿ
ͬһ񽵶󣬶ͬʱ״̬ϾһӣһʥְҲǸ
УǿȻǹ±ˡ
һӣ󺣡
˵úܶܶͬʱ
ȻȻֻǸˣҲͬѾʥְѳڳܹĽ١λһֱܺ˵ܺʥְߣϿˡ
ǲŻڳĹС
ڱͻֻʥЩʥ˲룬ȻҲһֱʧܣеıɰ׳е飬еĪ
˵±Ҳǳʹģ˿ʼܾʥְߵٻ
ػɹǳԼ˵ڽٵʱҲûô
ͦס̫ͦס

ЩϾ֪ҪԮ֮˯ˣȻҪӣ˽̻ʵȥŸ֮⣬١
Ҳ
һ߿ֵţһ߻汻Լֵˣֹס
ô𣿡
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æ
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ˡ
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лδĽ̻ʣԭҲһΪֵķɽɫ˽͢ڴ½ϵĸı¼
ŴûΪʦһԸµˡ
Ȿһס
ҡҡͷʱͲµҲᱻ֮˳¼ȡûҲбңҾܾκãָôǱء
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ŽƱ˵ңǲǲü̸ˣ㲻˵ҵױ𣿡
ŵȥȴϲ⡣
ƺҲ÷̸ѸֹȤЦЦǸݵ񣬼ʹο㻹һֱڿ佱Ҳɡ

ҲŶ
˳˼ǣǲ̫ðɣ۱˱ͲʲôõΪ
ظղŵ⣬Ȼϸһ룬ŵҲֻʥǵĴ˾ô֪Щܹ񽵵ʥְ߾ζأ
ֳΧһĻеͷҲѸô¡
֪䣬߹ϳһ·
͢ѾģԶȥΧʮְҲʧˡ
ϰͽ𣿡
а취
Ų̧ͷȷʵ룬ԺҿܻħڣǸٻ鷳ʱҺʵѾ·磬˱ǿķӡٿ㣬ҿ϶Ҫꡣ
īַͫǳ͵رĽɫ
ҶƴӣԼҶɱĳˣ϶ǲôȻ鷳δζҪɱ˵
ſɲὫϣиˣұšĳɱҿԸǡ뷨˵ֱԼԼ
򵥡
ŵ΢΢ףĿش£͸ˮɫеӳ̵Ӱ
ȥһɭ֡


61 
µ۹λ񼣴½вɭȵĵ۹ϲ߽磬ڣ仹гҺ޳ĵС
ɭļҷΧ㣬ħŰи߽ħ޳ѨʤĴÿ͡Ҫ͵͵Խ˶֡
Ͻϱ𽥱߾ħϡ
ŶӡԸ֮һ
ԭɭ֣˶ħȻⱾ÷
ԸȦһֵأȻֻħûжħĵطֻܻˡ
ڣΪ͢ڲʿɭֵ״Ҳһ˽⡣
Ƭ֡ħĹɭ֣ľïʢĻѷ
䣬þʿŵʥʿɭѰѷԾ㣬ЩѷֵƵԽԽߣµѷҲӣǰʱǴﵽ˸߷壬λ߽׶ħ֣ʥǲòһʥְ֧Ԯ
Ϊʥʿｨ˾ݵ㣬Ԯúܿ죬ҲɹЩħ
Ȼ
ͻʥǵʱʧ
ħĪˣȺǱһһӵˡ
ǵһμʱ𣿡
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Ĺһ˸Ϩ
ŵһξĴͣ߳ħʱһݵͷκͷθУ΢һ£Ϊתע˳һ䡣
ְסļطס˽ŲЩƮŮûС
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ӪҲֹвþʿŵʥʿٲнʥͽתְҲӰűɵƩƵľݵ
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ʥְǶԺȻֵͬϰΪǳħֵˣʱʥյɭ־ݵĳЩ㱨ʲôԴϢͻȻɳĳһȺʲô¡
ΧվڵˣҶȻعϢǸ˾ȥҪ֧Ԯ˸ʥǵʥʿ
ǵʥʿǲȫףǵƷƫװнʸΣԶԶȥɫס
Ǹ𷢴˾˵ЦĺڷŮȥҲΪᣬֻʮӣϿ
פصʥְûˣ۹ⶾһ¾ܿǸʥʿŵһʺ컷Ǳκ

Ͼǰʥǰ
ǽ˼ﶼЩпȴھȡ
ʥʿСϵƷԲȻΪǸ˾ڵ۶ܵһʥʿ
ԶԲԷ԰ʥʥǵĵһŻߵڶšɶǾеľһˣŶȫܡ
ȫ֪ʲôܸӦڶԼ󿴡
⵹ϾֶֶС
һﲻЩ棬ֲûСһֻ޵شΧ
һʱʱ˽ſڵĻƶʱһɹкҲܶݵƳװ꾫µңȥҪռ˺ܶ࣬ħ¯ƺűϵħϮɢɭʪȡ
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һ·߹ûԱȴƳ˯Լ˺ķ̫ྫԵʡ
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ЩңԶ߾ĳѷԾ㣬ѷ߽׶ħڳʥְȫɱ¡ͨ˵λСӣ»ǱȽϺġ
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ϾȣҫӪܱде֣ɢϡ̻ɫŻԶȥӪأʥʿǴɫеӰҵģ
ЩյؽԼ⣬ҵ˼ǣѵﻹʲô©ӵĶħĻҵ𣿡
ŵʣ֪ҹΪʲô׷𣿡
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ǲǰߣŶһ֪ãȻظǰĴ˾
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ԽԽеһԵظţǿֽܱĵĳ̶ȡ
뿪˾ݵƽ̹ĴŲ·ڵĳ֧·̻ҵŨȾ˼ֹɫ
ľȻïʢ֦£ȻϸССҶƬ϶ɫɫҶϵӿڻֻϸϣЩ̵ľֵɫҺ塣
Ȼ䣬һЮŶζķ紵
ֿʼθˡ
˽𣿡
ŵվƵĴ׳ϣڻ谵ּ䣬õĽ𷢻ʵ΢⣬֪
һӬħ
ȷʵܶħ鼮Щͽ׶ħǰϲĽ͢ԶҪںЩսվڱˮϣ˵Ĳȷ𰸡
Щźؿˡ

ȫû뵽ԼھҪһ壬һĶħɱׯĴڡ
Ӧ𣿡
ǡ
Ƶҡҡͷ㡣
䣬һѣεĹɭ
ͬƬιĤŵĴʹС
ҧԼһǰʵģֱ
֦ڱ˽ЩȾ϶ҺġҶƬ֦込䣬Ʈ֮󣬺Ȼ¶ֻȺǽᾧ״ͬһƬѪɫȾķ䳲
һֻ֮Ƶľ޴Ӭħɭкֱײǳ˹
ǲӬ˵ĺ
Ϊ⸽ľܼӬħ޷УƵ͸ʹ
ֱֻȣ̴֫ճɫҺӿвϵ䣬Ѹٱգںڱ֦ϡ
ˣʵҵľҲĿҡ
ŵһ˵һߵǰ棬ȫżľ޴Ķħ
ƺȫս뷨ϵı쳣ƽĽشɣԳͽ䡣
ûиԼӳֻܣһأ
ʶҪóȥƴ
ȻȦס˫ȣζԭء
ȳϢ
Ӭħһ˻Ƶĵ̧ķǰ֫˶մѪҺϾҪ˺޷ĺ󱳡
ŵһƬҡ
˶Էһ˺ۡĶ䣬ֻʣ¼ȵķŭ־塣
ġ

ҵƬԺ
΢ĳϢϢңʢĵͥԺĻ涨ǰ
Ϲ֮ģͽڰĲ顪
ӬħĶȻֹ
ʥ֮𽫴ڷ֮ۻٳɻҽ
һ룬˻Ȼʡ
ħܵײϣѣϸĲҶͳĴɽʹذţһشزҵİɫʥڶȼΪнԽԽ
԰׵ʥķڣһоĺС
Ҿ֪
ŵ˼Űİɫ棬Ȼҵһνˣûа첻¡
ţ


62 
ɫʥ˸谵ɭֶӳ÷ŽǺ˵
ħʹ෭ӰȻɴ룬ֻʣŵĲк
ζôܡ
޿̵Ծ֦ͷְǿǰ֦ȻҪ𣿡
ʥʿЦеؿ·Ľˣͬʱ֡
ŵͷڰҫɭӢ⹴յԽˣõĽ𷢼ƺʥĹâ
΢Цлл
ȻסŮڿеİơ
ԼֱԷʱһ˲žͻعӯֱһɵؾͽ˵һ׾Ŷ֦
վƵĴ׳֦ϣΧȻïʢŨҶƬ·һƬڵߴɭϲռ䡣
Ƴһۼȼʥ
ͽ򾻻ڰʥʽʥԶԷȼն
ʥĻֱĿŻϨ
ȻĳЩĶħǡ귽ʽʱͽֻǳɱǡ
鸴ӵؿԱߵĽˡ
ô˵أ˲òࡣ
ڽɭֵʱԲֿܶԣȴû뵽ŵƢº͵ˣʵĽѧʽ
˵ģղҵĳͽʧˣ㱻ǸӬħצͱ͸
ȥĶħֻʣСȻӶѵ֫ںĳжϣϡܿͷŲ׳
ǰצͿֲȣ˵ɾͻ˺ѡ
µˣҲܰԼκõİɣ
Ҳ̫ðˡ
ֻΪѧͽ䣬ֵ
ǵģ۷ʲôҶκԼ㲻ûκεΡ
ŵվߣΪ֦ӵĵطҲ޷̫Զľ룬˵ʱϢڶȾ
ŵǺȥЩеûģ˿
ܿ죬ΪԷ̹ежϾŵ˵ġҲν֮Ļ
ûС
ҲԣϾƺġ
·Ӧ仯˻һ˲ĸо𣿡
˵ͷųͽʱҾҲˡ
룬εʱеʦͽʥֻҪһγɹͻúףֻҪԼ״̬صͷųɹһ̾ͺáܲÿζȥ롮ʧĳ˾Ҫǰɣ
ǲΪĳˡ
ŵһ棬ȻЦ⣬ѧԺΪο͹ˣףʥֻʹù֮һֶΣĳֽǶ˵ħ߾ĳħ
ɲҵٺͽ֦ɵɭϲ㣬˲شжȻ̾ڸĶħѾĻȻЩӡ
ħ
ǰ棬Ѿȫˢ״̬
ƣԼսʿȻҪǰ濪֡
״̬ܡ
һ߱Ÿ߶ȼУܽѭҪŲҪ̫ҶˣԴ׽ЩٺҶĸСħޣǿͲȻҧһڿܾͻҪ
ĬĬһ뵶һֻʰ쵵СͶᣬ˵Щ˵ķʦʩǰѡĳħơ
ħкܶ˼
ͳƣǾνƩ˵һһħ
νĳħȻָǺߣǧַʦĸħѧϰʱҪȼסȥĥħȵȼɡ
ȻԪħ˵ֻǷʦʹؼڵĸϵԪؾ飬еĶʿԻɲٿءҲԻ󡢹ͨȵȣԴﵽĳĿġȼһջһУһűһƬ򣬱û
ԣΪʲôҪأ
ʦ˼ͼشݸԪؾ飬ȫ£ЩΰķʦЩ̺ҷʽͼͣٵȵȶҪԼʩĹ̡
˵󲿷ƽӹķʦǰǴ޷ͷħ
ʶɭ־顭
źӨ۹⡣
ͯʱϤħҲϰʩӴħҲеΪ棬ѧ˲µĶǶħĳЩҪеǺʶ󲿷ֻѧϰħ
кӰһ
һ亹ضϮһըĻƶ֩챬֫ͶҺĴ䡣

ֻüġҪơ
Ȼ󣬴Ųؽ¶㵵˰ˡ
һֵƵ֦ϣΧкܶƵ״ֱˤ棬Ȼⲻص㡣
һ֧أһֳڽ𷢴˾ؿڣָ⴫ʵůĴС
ΪͲϥǿں˫ȼ䣬˼ڶԷĴϣܸܵ׳Ĺͷš
ţһʹӺ󾱴
ʶԼϱ˶ҺӣõƤо㤵ӲʴУҵĹͷǲ¶ˣ
ŵЩε
С࣬ʹԷţҲҪͷȥ
̾˿ְסŮ˿ѻڵĺԣֱѹԼؿڣŸӵĽǶȵǿ˿ڣǡ
ţ
ǲ̫ʵһ㣿
ҵô
Ƶ˿ʩָ͵İɫʥ⣬ȶԷشͼ˵ðɣ֪϶ܲʥл£ãһˮƽͽˡ
ʵҲûô
ŵ˼ţƺڻԼĸ
ԡ
Щȣ֪Էֹ¹ʶ˵ûͣΪΪһ˾ʥи߱׼Ҫģ
ȻŷԼŵȻҲվôź˵
æ
ǳʱԷڳ꣬Ȼûн߲ԻϸҪ󣬵ֶ涾ߴûСһ㡣
Ǹ
ʶ֡
һؿסŮָɺ߽ûУֲΪĿ꣬Ϳˡ
ţ
ҲԣȻҲ֪˵䣬϶ֹŰϼ롣
Ҹղ㣬˵ʥҲֻʹùֶ֮Ρ
Ůһݵ֯һԡ
ǣԪħȽϣЩʦԪؾͷǹ֮ϸ˵ǹʥҲʥԡ
ʥȫǴƪ¼ժѡģ˭ǴʼͲɿҴʼߵĿֻǵˡ
ԻһǶȥ롣
ŵɻ֮Ԫؾǻ۵ģٿǿܻһѶȣǹ֮Ȼ˵ǹҲ޴ڡΪʲô۾
ΪǷ򷴹⣿
һ£Ȼ˼ٴƫˣȵȣ˼ǹʵҲ޴ڣڣֻҪйĵطܸ֪߾ܱӰ죿
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˷Ƶصͷ˵޴֪ʵ⻰Ҳ԰˼⡣

鸴ӵ˵ôҪʹù֮Ҳδȫƾʥ˵ʥƣҾôأ
ô˵ţȴһ⡣
ô񾿾ôǸģֻΪǸķӡ
ŵЩε̾˿𰸾ͷǳˡ


63 

Ө߳
Ӯһ̷ǳɣͬǶԷ鼸ûл֮
ûھֻż򼸴Σһ·ʤҲƽλˡ
ǻЩȴ³Ĳߣ˵ĿϣǲֻΪͨɭ־顣
Ըľѧ࣬ҲаʮƺҲڱĿ
㶮ʲô
ǰһƺԴϣҪѹͣȴ¾Ǹй񣬾ǽǷʦսʿ˵ҲԼ
ɴ˵Ĺӣ
һǵĸɭ־Ǹնɱʥļһ
ǰ˵ֻ˾ɭ֣ͱɱˡ
ô˵һȺΧɱֻǼ©
ȵȣǾɭֵľǱʲôԭѩɽ𣿡
ϻͷ۾Ƥľ飬϶ľ鰡˵ͳһľֻɭ־ܱΪˡ
ԱߵҲȣǸ˲Ǻᾫ֮κôᡪ
꣬˵λ͵͵ܳġ
ģ

ǰһѹסԽ˵Խе˳
ԽԽӨжֳѵ߽ʱûнȥ·ĽǵҶԴһǳͬһֱݡ
˵
Щͷ˵Ǹʥʱô£
СʵûôĿĸоҲûԼݾͻñ˶ۡ
ھɭֵͯľǽҲƽ
˳ƺЩ֮⣬ҹϵܺá
Уÿףܻ˵ǸʥΪ׺ܿ£ΪɱǸ࡭
ӨҲüҲ˵ˣǸôҲ̫ʱҶڳ˯룬Ϊ˯Ĵ˺ö°
ߵȻ鶼ǳ֣ƽλǵϢҲ˲ͬ˯ʱӼ쵽궼пܣڼ䣬ֻͨսŻǱͬ廽ѡ
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ʵҲΪɱ˵ΪɣЩƵ˵ֻ˵Ǹǿ׾Ȼܴ˸оܿ¡
ǿݽҵΧ̵Ŀѧרע߳Էǿȥࡣ
ȻҲһЩҸоõ˴
һ߿һ̧߽ͦߣӵȶչʾϵĽλռǻĶλħơ
󲿷˰ǵݲҽӽȻŵЩˣӨһϿεͬѧ֪λ³Ƶǵ
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ǵЩԺյģµ۹ҵĹǶߴһЩţλеıܳ谮еı䣬ǰ߰裬αȻʵȻȴûһӨôɰ
ȻЩһҵ˵пܵõµ۹ҵĹӣӨȴ·ߵ¿ɼ
ǸӶʵɲľףҾͶˡ
˵Өɭ־ҵĵһ̳ˣܰվξʵλµļλңңڡ
ӨӨϵĸ߽ħȥ𣿡
һȺ·ħʦĳŮͬ˳ͬǵķʾ£εرһʳӨк
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ǿҸʲô
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аĥţҶʱ¼ȡʱӨΪħ֮ѧ㵱ߣĽѣЩǰƣҲ˻ȻЩҲûмģҲôûƷ£ҪҲҪȥ
һʱ䣬˹ϵǼһڽ֮Щַ죬ֳ¶ϢͨЩ˶֪
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ҲվӿԼʲôŲȼֻ˻˼ҹ¡
վô˧
ȵȣǿĶλ𣿡
һȻҲƽˣ

µʼ꣬ϲܵĴеĶѽ糺λȻǴ߽׵ˮƽϱ˴˷е֣ʤȻκܿ졣
Ҷǰͨ˴ʦĿˣһ߻ǾǳħʦδΪĽ׷ʦĽٶȾЩ˼ˡ

ͬʱҶҵĥ͵ľܡ
ôֱӰ˲˵ڼ߲ѡѡ
ҶӨǱֵ÷ǳȻһղɷ֮ĹϵҲһ𣿡
ΪʲôҪô˵
黹ƽֻЩɬΪء
Ө㶣ƺûӦԷ˵ʲô
ɵعһԼղ˵ĻͲµҶǾûпʼôȷʵڽ𣿡
Ҷü
֪Сǿö֮ˣȥԼصҥԴ۶ӨδԴɹҺʶѾãڱ̾ɽ
ţ鲢ïؽ˵ӶĿʱʶһ˵شħޣȻЩн˹ϵ˴
ԣǴӵӶʱҲʶ֮ǰͿʼˣ԰ɣ
Ө·ȷʲôһʵ
˵ĹȥЩʵȤֻǲϲϱ˵һֱš
ǶʮУӨܸоԼȻҲϲԼˡ
ֻܷ֮䣬Ȼһˣ֮䵱Ȼһ𡣡
ɭ־Դ

ԱһԷڷҾ˲ӣɿɫĽƤ䣬죬ƴ۽š
˵Ѿ֮ˣξͶ޹ˡ
ˣԸΪѾͲˣҲеĹ岻𣿡
ＸѩɽŻдҵɫͷƤѩ۾ǻǳɫջŵɫѩͼڡ
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ӨӨ֪СӴ磬ܵĽǲͬǡ
ҶȻΧľǷ𣬱˵ӨᷳҲȷܷЩԼʮʮļһ
ӨЩɻؿ˵ЩʲôȻо̫Ծ
òٽλãŲǽ˹ϪˮۣһïʢˮֲҶϸӯϢ¡
ʱ˿̣ЩҶƬܵ޷⶯Ϊ΢

ΨľԪظ߶ȹɭ־飬
Ө̧ס۾
Ҷ˵ʲôеͫ׼
ס
һ̣Ŀ⴩ǧңԶ룬ϪܲľïʢɽȣǧڷҡҷӵΡ빬װ껪ĴеƹԻ͡
ϱĿ˼ٿȻۡ


64 
ɭ֡
ʱ֣ɭɫʥȼգҫľïʢľ䡣
űԴϣҲȥ·ʬˡ
ǵǱĵڼͷħ
ݵһʱͷʮγͽ䣬һȱٺľ
ڻָñȽϿ죬⼸ϰʥҲܴ¿Լģ뾫ľʵľ
һ⡣
ŵͷɢˣվԶĽ𷢴˾ЩħܸӦǵλȻȥǣѭľ㣬߶У
ǲûɭֵĵϴС
﷭𣬴׳Ųɽݣٺ͸Զɭϲ㣬ʱʱ͸֦Ҷļ϶ϻܻ߻սĸħޡ
ǲΪħͣϾʥڷǰħ޲ġ
ħžͱѸٶͽ䡣
ΪʵѾ֤ŵľǿԶħǵĿλĴ˾¡
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߽˶ħĸ֪Χű
ǹ֮ʹߣš
ŵЩЦؿһۣҺһôҵǵģ
ȻʥָǴͱʩҪʥԣϾЩʥҲиʣΪʥְߣʥͽʥʿ
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˵ϰʥʿѵӪҪѧϰֹͨ·
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ŵͶһĿ⣬ԡ
һ˵ͷŻʥ֮ʥ϶ʧܣǰ״̬Ч
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Ը֮ҫǰ;ҵִ·֮˷
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˫ַſɲǣһʵĽɫȸԾ
֦ͲҶͬǰҷųĵɫβ棬Ϣ׹䡣

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ʹù֮һʥûгɹʧܡ
ס۾
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ָܵ¶ӿ
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˸սʧȥŮͳض뿴ʲô
뿴ʲôء
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ҰõͰһ΢紩ïʢĹľԡ
򻶿طɭֵĵ͵ؼ䣬ӯӹϪϻת̵ִŨƵĲ̦޺ȻɢϸСġ΢üĹ㣬ɭָڶȥ
ЩĹ⴩ڴУÿһԶľ
ɭĸͲľһĻһĻԺУЩ治ϱ仯ʱ̫еͷۣźܿǵлٶȡ
֮Ĺѷѳ㣬Ǳ紵ɢѹӢ˷ɢȥ𽥱ԽԽԶ
ȷʵû˵
š
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ܿ죬ǰؼ
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㱼䣬˵ڽǿе⡣
ھרעʱƩʶȥֱΧоԽԽֻǵһ
ʱλëһ߽ɢĻëݼ侾һĵ˵š
⽫ڶܣĽһҾԱ˵ķΧҪԶࡣ
ǣͷëͨǴʦŸѧϰݣΪǶԽƿس̶Ѿ㹻ˣҪ֪ϱ;ȷֲŽͬٽǿĳλͷ׳¡
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һʱûȥŵô֪ģҲ֮ǡɿ˽ӽˡ
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ĽȻУһ˲䣬Ȼ¡
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Ǳ־ʹſ񱼣Ϣѹںާݵ״ҶϪҰ׹ˮƤ˺Ѫ
Ѫνɺ֦ҶϣڵѸԶ
Īʶĸо
ŮȻ̧ͷǸ𣿡
μԼʽʱ򣬡ŵÿɷ񣬡Ӧаóɣ
գգ۾ʱѪ֡
Ӹ߸ߵ֦һԾ£ȺĳһԲͬһѪɫ׹䣬ҷڡ
żصһ̣ǰһ뻹ֻïʢҰݵĿյϣȻһӿĺ
·ûʵһ㣬ͷ޴ӷֱ棬ֻǿһҰްģ̬
Ťĺ֮ϣȻһӰ
һڷۡòŮˡ
ɫ԰ףͷСɼĺɫǣʮ˫ȴŲ̬ĳ죬ƺΪʲô¶ر˷ܡ
߼ʡ
һԵĶħ
ʮֶħ򵥵ַʽԽЩ޴ֲ̬Խǵͼ
ȻҲ˵ԽСԽǿԽǽӽԽǿ
ħ˵ӽĶħڸ߽׶ħвǿģսģֻǸóʹþ
һеǿ˵
ڼ˰װġ
ڷħһ΢Цη֣ͽֽס˴ϷµĵС
һ꣬ζľǴ˾
Ȼ΢΢̧ͷߴսĽˣȺһƬ񣬺촽ͷµߣȮƺմȾѪ
ٺٺ٣ҳԹʥͽɰǧ˾Ҳв٣˵лء
ŵĴ׳ϣڸߴһԵؿ仰ҡҡͷ϶ܡ
ߣɡ
ħƽ߬ų
Բָױצ棬ָϷŽƬȺĽɢȴδ˵ֺ

ϳԷǸ߽׶ħҲһ˲
ңħºƵҹʣȥʮ졣
Ǹղһ˲ĸоȻûзħҲжǰڵ۶Լ׷һҹļһ
ҲֻӲͷƤˡ
ҲûָһһħֻҪ֤һ²⡣
ȻħֵסѪ쵶ϣһ߲԰׵Ĺҫת˲䲼ĵ档
ħһ룺
ţƬǵצֱӴӵϣѪ
͵ıУ
ħס˶ƣϸСİɫȸԾѪģ˿ϣʥԽԽת˲ͱ鼰ֱ
ȼյʥаţµҹҲ˻ߵļХ޷ѵرʥУɢɫķɻҡ
㡪ҵţ
ħڲ԰׵һУѪ˸𽥿ή
ʼðСήȥƤҲʧȥ¶һҵʬ塣
ƺһȥʱŮȼյʥУԿյһƬȺ졣

߽ʬ塣
͸ҡҷİɫ棬ϡɼŮ½󳨵ؿڣһȦĺںɫħƣʹɫ⣬ͬĶţѪ͹Ƥϡ
ֺЩѸٱøɱ񣬷·𱻳ˮ֣âҲȫձһݵƤ
ڹڶħϿƵħͼ
ӦǸʦͨĳʽٻħħһԸȻɵꡢ֧塣
ˣԸҲö֪


65 

ųĬԭأǾʬ彥ʥûû²к
ǸħȻٴ½
ķּӰ׼ٵ񣬵Ƚʮÿһ඼ǲԽǵ
˵ħǱѷһǿڴǡ
ͨĸ߽׶ħڴ񣬵ǸʵܴЩ׼ЩҲͱȰǿһ㣬ȻΣ߽׶ħǴ˵ƵһĴڡ
Ҫڴ½Ҳʹýٵķʽ
ʱúԼͽʱЩжˣʱֻץһùǲԼٵܷ˵ռһ̣ԭܾѾˡ
Ų֪ħŮʲôԸǣǸȥعħѱڰϢȾʥҲյһɶ
ȥȼŵĻ档
ϸԼһ԰׵ϸȻϨֻʣֵǳĹâ
ԼʽףΪֻһϵǿ
ǡ
ŵƵ߹ҫ۵ĽʣɭرӰӳ峺ˮɫС
ףĵһӴ֮Ƶ
ղŵ£ʱȻͻȼʥ𣿡
ʥǹ֮ռ̬֮һ
ʦתְҪʹóͽ䣬߽״ߣͱٻʥ
˵ͽʵһżٻʥķʽƣƩ˵Ŀ꣬ʩٻʥĿ﷢ֱȼĿꡣ
ǿĿֱ꣬ʥֱߵȼ
ڿΣҲⲢǿȥô򵥣ʦҪϰͽսҲҪȼʥ
ʥԽͽȵȷٳɻҽȫЩĴڣյʣ
ȻǾˣҲ޺ġ
ʥ˵
ĵʦźڰ彲ǿȷϵһǣЩʥְ޷аʽǵҲδȾӣҲ𽥱ʴ˺ڰа£ðȻٻʥֻ
͢ǧ괫ȼʥ𣬾ĳ֤ʥְͨ˿顣
ǣشڵϡ
ΪЩʥˣҲٻʥˡ󲿷ʥְߣٻʥ޷ǿȴҶʥ֤ԼֻЩɹ塣
ԣԶȼʥٺòˡ
ϲţϾԹ֮ƿأܻδصٻʥĳ̶ȣҼȻڵ۵Ļ棬ҲյԼϡ
ʥҲߴȣǶǳЧˡ
ŵͣһ£͵ж˼Ϸʣǰˡ
ţ
ʱе㷢ȡ
Ů㬵صͷϵӣҵսϡõ㶼ȥ𣿡
뵽ǰ밵һս
ʱԼӰþīͫУǿűĽ˶ԷеĵȷʵûаԷϡ
žعԼīͫǳ޼յս
˵һź߼УҶԷзӡźԼĳͽʧܣͽȷǣ˲Ĭȫڻ¡ħô࣬οһ飿
ʵʵ˵֪Լ־ԱȲǼһ
Ͼǻ˼İ飬οǰҵĻӳ͵ϮɱССս֪ٻأǱӡԼˡ
Ͼ˳ͽߡͷʥĴߣҲս
˶лῴĿ겢ʩЩʱһڿ˵ʱѾˡ
̾˿ˣǺá
ô˵
ŵЩɥӣСķ˳԰οҲҵı׼Ƚϸߣ
ҲԣϾһ˾ս϶ܶࡣ
֮ǰʥɳɭֵ£ʱŻƵħҲ治ɫ֪Ѫս˵֮ǰҲԶȥϲս
ôţ̲ס˳
ȷʵȥϲ㡣
ŵȻشúʵϣ֪Ҳȥ
˳̲ݵͰϪǰУˮߵ¶ӭҡҷֻβˮħӴܳݴԣͷ˿ǣȻһԶˡ
ЩؿһۣЩһŲȻˮ
ÿһʱ䣬͢Զַϲ㣬εڶϲѰѷĶħ𡢻ٴֻ֧ʥʿɣʥͽǸ߽ʥͽйľ
Զͨٽ
Ϊϲеͽ׶ħżǼ߽׶ħˣǱ֮ƣҲʥְʮͷۡ
뵽ǾǶħ磬ʤĸ߽׶ħͨʥְ۵ͽ׸߽׶޿κεĶħǡ
Ȼһ
֮ʮħȳ˯֮ĶħҲսֻǲûʱƺƴȻΪħĴڣҲ롣
ͷ۵֮ڣҲҪֻ֣ɲͽ͢ʥְ˾ӣ˫ڶϲ㿪ս
սУʱսֻǶħٴ񼣴½˽֮͢Ƕս֪֮٣Ϊȳ˯·
űҲ֪Щ
⼸ºͬ죬ټϽһЩѧԺ鼮ԴҲ˽⡣
ˣһ˵ŵȥԶԷԲɲƵս
ļ𣬱Զڶϲеͽ׶ħɼҪ̼ˣ
ǿɴܡ
㡭
һ˲䣬ʶ׼ˡ
һսҲǰˡ
תһ룬Ҫ
ʥְ߱ǹ֮ʹߣ֮ó;͸ʶת䣬ʥʹ޶ӣƩ˵ν̻ʾѾˣųͺ´Ҳĸ䡣
߽ʥְò죬еĲеᣬûмˡ
˵ŵˡ
ŲǿȥĶʮ꣬ĳЩкΪ˴̬ȣ·ҲԽܡ
ʵΣҲӰԼĿ
ôžͷѯʡ
ǻ߾ת˸䣬㵱ʱħ𣿡
ˡ
صͷ˹ӽĳڽԽԵ͸ֻǾӸʱ޶м˵ơ
Īʧɲǡ
عȻ˷ܣǺܽںս
Ҳһطܣ΢Ц˵һºͣҪλ±ȽȤ
һֵĸо
Ҳһʥְ߲ýħǳΪ£
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ʵʵ˵ħղǲǼһ˵ǵ죬Ⱥ֮ܽ¶·ǳƯ

ңԶ
ڸյĹУʹµħȻ˸硣

һҾš
ʲô
ܽ¶û˵ץֱߵԴ𣺡һ඼ץʥʿôǼһ͸ôôôһʥ

ɭеĶԻڼ
Ư𣿡
΢΢ͷʵûôעĳ࣬Ҿûɰ
ţ


66 
ɭֵشϷļģµ۹ѽ붬գȻůޱȣҰΪҹĻʱѾ賿ˡ
ٴĿŲ԰׵ʥȼգ ڲ֪ٸħʬɻҽ
ɫʥӰӰ´£ҫӰǵԺĭһƬžеĻﶼħɻˡ
ʵ뿪
Ͼһ߽׶ħĪسˣͷҹʻʶҲ˴յӡôҵԼģ
˵ֻǻɭǡø֪Ϣ
ʱŲ̫ȷطʣĲҪפ𣿡
ʱԻȥŵȻһƵʵõġ
ҵȻȥǡأ
źȻһȥģֵ˵ѵĲ߽׶ħǲʵԺɵؽ
ΪҪϰͽ䣬Ҷ־ûʲô˼ˡ
Ƶ˵ϲʮֻռǣҹɫ΢⡣
һҪ˵Ļǵġ
ţ
һֱŵ˷ǳӣӦǲ˵Ϲġ
£ûʮİգǸħĻֶԸˣȻ˫˫Ľ֡
ͷĴ󵨵ؼɭҶħ
֮Ĺ˿ѣǵĽâͬɢө棬Ļ谵ռ䣬ҹӰֵɭﾲĵġ
űΪĶħʥְɾˣϾⲨ˶Ϊæµľݵ㻹֧ԮԱ
һǸֵħ֮⣬ǰʮͽ׶ħ
룬Щħһܳģʱѷ츽ûб࣬ҿҲЩ³ֵѷ죬Щѷ첢ûб⵽ħǸս½ʱûʥʿɢ䵽ɭָݷ
ɭһǳһŵţֶЩ·ͬʱ˼Žľ
㱼䣬뵽ŵ˵Լħɰ¡
˵ʵʵҲûʲô÷ġ
ħ޳ͣԭдòͬһ͵棬ԸҲᣬ˵ȷʵɰһ
ԼǱȽϷ塣
ϡǹͬɭϪˮӳҡҷĳݣĲҶͻ˳ˮƯͷȥģƳԼĵӰ

ȷʵͦɰġ
һһֵ
Ů̧ͷ
ɭӰҡҷڳصӰرƽҹ紩⶯ʱૣȻµĻҶ·Źܵĸҥ
š
ЩëȻĳֺ΢ýȥ˫صĵҲŮ͡
ţ
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ˡ
͵۾ԽϤ˭ˣУӨڽ𣿣
һ˲䣬ҪΪԼʲôֵĻþ
ǰǸеȥǳɤӶҪˡ
ӨƺҲ˿ֻɤЩ𣿡
ţ
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ܿĳ𷢴˾վڲԶӰв̫·ЩɻԼ
Щص˵ͷˣĳ־ħ˵𣿡
ͨɭ㴫һҪ˵Ļһľϵħ
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֮ǰȥ㣬㲻ҡ
ӨЩʧ˵һ棬ԸΨһѣʵҲ𣬵Ǻ˵ȥ˽ܵ͢ûлѧԺ
ȵȣл𼱻ǵشĽ㣬ܸоķһƬܴܴɭǵļ綼Զˣ߽磬ɭ
ߡ
ʶش𣬵ŶԷĻʲôһ棿
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Ȼʲô
ȥˣΪɰСⶾ־ʵ˷ꡣ
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ǰҲѹһɭͣڿҲ̫ˣҪȸûôȻҲ֪Ϊʲô
֮ӨִܵܣǸдŹϣħ֮Щ˺Щֵĵߣ𵱳ֹӵ
ţ
еЦãָеһֵůϾԼƺûµѡ
ѧԺ˼꣬ƺḻǰС
ʥ֮ͬѧǣʱҲûйϵرõġ
ȻļʮҲֻǳǰ˵ͬҲûʲô⡣
ӨӨ
ŵǲôУϾֻǳҽģղС˵Ҳûжٲ죬СһֱƲ֡
û𣿡
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ϣҶǸȻⲻ̫ܣȥ㸸׳𣿡
ҲҺܣҲᳳܣҪһͺˡ
Сĵţֻǲȥ֪һҪ뿪ǲߡ˵ˣܸоɭһֺΣյϢľȾˣҪСİ
ⳡޱȵĶԻܿͽˡ
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ع
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ͨɭ㽻
Ųͷȥ𣿡
ǵħ죬ˡ
ʵҲûʲôá
ŵ˵ͷкܶ뷨ӨҶĹϵҲô˵һ˼Ҷһľİ¸Ȥء
ȻŵܱȿȥҪ༸һʶĻ
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һľ޽ԼΪͨѣʮûá
ŵؽ
ɤһͳ䣬ҲȽ̸ͣЩʱҲ⡣
ľ鷢˽ͨ˺ӣ䣬ʧǸӣҲʧ֡ɱ
ѾȫˣԾɱһ
һͨľпʧ֣һսʿʥ
սʿƽ൱Ҫһ
űʹôΣƿϴδҲֻǰ˽׽ѡ
һʮһ׵Ľʥ˵ںԼʵ˶Ծųɱоʱղסпܵġ
ңǸľĺʵҲϢرɱҲȷһٵеս
ô֪ģ
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ŵ赭д˵Ҳȥ˷ʱ䣬֪ʲôҾС
ΪѾ˷˺ܶʱ
ͷʲô֪
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ҾĴ𰸣űȽ塣


67 
ɭ֮þˡ
Żûüʹ뿪ͿŵƺһϵĽָ
תۼΧ췭ظҹɫֵֻӪפء
վǸʥʿӪļ̳ϣӯ˸Ĵ
̳ʥʿ̧ͷǼֲֵظ
ŵ΢ЦΪλ۶ܵɫܿڶ𣬽˵Ӱû
ͽ󣬴˼ʱѹ·θУٴθлԸԼȥɭͽ䣬ǲҪʥˣ
ɢȥĻиһ£ůƵ·кΣ»ܵƽʯשĵ档
վſڸ
˲ÿɷؿһůɫƻӢϣճ߽Ӱ֮ӦҲҪȥʥˡ
Ϊ´̵ѡҪʼ𣿡
Ļл»ѧһȥһʥǡ
ӦҲԶˡ
ܻԸңľܹϵƷС
ҺھǶʣñ˵Ķ

ص鸴ӵضš
Өһдһ룬Ҳͨдţ˻һɰ﷨С󣬲ŲһС
һħռǡ
ߴ粢ɫƤռǱ鱳̽ħƣֽŶһƬհס
̵ҲħռǱ˫澵ƣһһģԺѻһֽдʱһռҲḡֳּͬ
ȱһռֽҳдҪµˡ
пռħĵ߼۸񰺹󣬲˫澵˶٣Ʒټֻֽͨ˸˵Ըӡ
ȻҲڿռǺŮġ
ƿѵ߰ľ鼮ǰùպ˵īˮֽ̯ҳٳ²ȥ֡
дʲôأ
ҧһʸˣȻʼͷд
ϾҹﻹҪȥ˱˽լﰤء
д˯һʱҲûռлظŽڸ·ʱûʱ䣬Ǵžͷĵشˡ
۶ϳȻһƬƻԻ͡
˽լܵԶȽϰΧԶļھҲٳ֣Ȼʱġ
۶ļºͣҲûϺڻ԰
Žһ㣬Ӳ߳ӶǶؼЪˣͥԺһƬħֵĻһƬȻ޵õڶյҹҡҷĻӰͶڵϣ΢ػζš
һĸоȻϮϼ
Ÿ߹ԣŲٿȻһ٣ע˫Ծ

ҵĸۡһƬɱ
ȥʹˣӶվŴλүС㳳췭ظϴˤõȮķͽк͵ͳ
ˤǽϣľαעķѣˡ
Ӷ˵ûսʿȻڳʲôֻҡͷ
λүСС㳳һͿҲֻкߵĻˡ
ɫ䵭ף̫ˡ
ӱȱߣʱȴӦ⵽飬֪ŭ˭˳Ҳûкɫϵؿš
رҲţųžվڣн͢ռǵͨһųıɢڽűߡ
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ء
̾˿Ƣõģ˿ҲˣõЩ̡
ʶ԰ɣǰҵӳܾҺʹ̫࣬һ֪Ǳǰж޹ÿ̶ɥӰɽ
ڲذ׷ͽУΧһƬңȥе϶
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֪һŮӣҶ֪
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ӶʱͷȥϵʳѹӢĴβ˻ȥ
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صɫԽԽ⡣
أڵͼ˸סңֻ֪㻹˭˵𣿡
죬ʱЩ˻ƣȻոտ޹Ҳ˲Ϊ˵ͼȥأ
Ȼһֲѹ
ҵ˲ϯײ죬ܿһȻظѿƬ׹ڵϣ¹͵ƻԡ
Įض۾г˷̣µ㾹Ȼô
͵غˣЩˤڵϡ
ĿƺóأоЩѣסؿڡ
磬㡪ɱҰɣ´ȥҲԣҵȷѵͼ¸ҶΪ˵һˣҪȥżѰĳȥҿĺ£Ҿ˵ˣʱΪֻȥܵһۣǶҪ͵ߡ

Ĭؿһƺ뷢ŭȴһЦõα飬Ѿʲô
Ϊʲôء
أ̾ˣҪǰѻ˵ڱﱻǼһĺױشҶȴȥЩʥ֮ʦǴСΪƣǸֿܵ͵һѾᣬжְܵļǣ»λ˾ֱʣʱˣҶѵһᶼò
ظ˵ЩʲôѹŭȻԸֻۣҪȥط˽ʹòˣ
˱鶼ÿ
Ȼ֪ԼúҶĹϵչһȻʵҲûʲô˲
һ²ȥ˻ɣѯʣЦһʵǲһ䣬ȴԸһΡ
δ䣬ȻеϵĽָһ̡

˵ʲôʱõǸͼƬأ
ͷ۵ط֮ǰǲǺ罺ᣬֶ֮ΣΪʲôʶ㣬أΪʲôӦȴֲֻᡪС˾֪ǸԼԸ
ɫɷף·ѪɫԾȥ

Щӡ
Ӵչ֣ı΢ˣһŻԴһĪ˴ŵĻ
糿ʱ򣬱˱˵۷ʲôڳüʱδС˼ڵһЩ

վزҰ׵ɫƺҲ̫ܡ
Ա߿ţֳ뷨
òʮ꣬ҴСûжʱչ飬վҲǿСŮ󣬱ƯŮ
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ȻٴοڵȥҪо飬һϣҲ׷Щˡ
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ǡ
ŮǻԽԽأס۾ƣָƺˮ䡣
СʱϰǣֻҪڣԶǹС㣬ԶȱԽҶֻԺĹˡҲһĵغԼҪվκ󣬿Ȼô˵ˣ֪Ҳǲҵ뷨Ҿôûã
ſʧʹޡ

Ҳ̫Ըⰲοˡ
ȥҲûָøıԼϵ˻ܶһԸ񲻳ɣ
ôļûвҲûԺٽˡ
ϵĽָƳһЩãȻĵܵܣʾⰲοõ½ˣת뿪˴Ҳվߡ
ȺӶǻϡСĿһ룬ֻһ󼲷
δüʲôӰԶȥ
˲ϢԾϳǱ߸ߵǽ߻һҰ׵Ӱӣͬǰ׹ƻҫĲãҹɫС


68 
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ټͥԺһƬɱ
ŸеɱʱʵѾеˡ
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Ҳ֪һ㡣
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ļͥԺ
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ҶɱԼ
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粻ΪɱˣһѾǱԺΪ˰Լһ
ԼǸʥְߣܵﲻʮӵ·
ʲô˼Ի
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ʵܣϾط񣬶λ羭Ҷʵ񣬷īͫҲᱻѹˮƽ֮¡
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ڿīͫǰʱ뿪۶˵ȥɱˡ
ԼϢȻȴٳûлī֪ͫԼȻÿζڳ˱ǡòڡ
īͫûҪƭ
ಫ˵ֻܻöַ©Ȼɱˣô׽ҴĻ˵ʲô壿
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ΪҶɱңַʽң𣿡
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ŵԾĻ֪ʶըĸ塣
ûзɽѪ⣬ֻɫĽУͬһĬ꣬ЮɢĻ׹һƬǽͥԺʧȥ˲нʥѸϨˡ

ӰʧӰ١
Ų֪īͫʲôҲĳֽɵķıѹͲڵصѾһ¡
ΪͥԺֻоͷԽԽۣڷŭץ֮Խҡ
Ȼ󣬴ֱӻ˹ȥ

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ӨǽԼֻһȻܣλһҡ
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µ۹ĻʳǣҪٵֳУԼֲУԱ߰ɷʥְߣ̫֡

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һ˯ʮ꣬ȻҲ겻˯ֻҪһˮ߲˾ά
⣬еʶˣһȻ顣
Ǿ̶ԳУĳЩҵĵطױϣȻǰģкǿĸ߽սʿ߷ʦû˸ǡ
ӨԼ׬һЩǰ۶мҲ˲ٳУµ۹ɽ꣬׵ɭǧժҰĽĢܹ
ٴüȥƺԼĹЩ
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ȥ۶Ժҷ˺ܶȤĶȻʳסжܰƺҲǮ
Ө˵ı飬ЩҶԷûٿ̱²Լľͷųķ裬Щ
ÿ㽲ˡ
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ԸûѧѵƶȣʱҲòôңħ֮кܶ໨԰ееڿͥԺиħֲңҰﵼʦչЩֲ
ӨЩȻǿ֮ģȥͬѧܣûʲô˼󲿷ʱӮ
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Ըвپ飬ὫĳЩϢݹϾǽܻʱ׶ˡ
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һԲؿһȻ
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зħͨ˽һһӦҸĽָ㡣
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񣺡
ͥԺȻӡ
λվʶ㣬ĵһӦǴŷˣںͻʦߺóħ˽𣿡
ҡҡͷðɣʵ㣬Ǹͨİ飬һͽ䣬ըˣըƺ塣

ʱȴ
ǼһӦò벻ôϾľȥ֮ǰһʲô
Ų̫ȷ룬룬Ժӻˣˣ´ο϶ᱻ
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ԼȻԾһδǿҵײš
ʱħ


69 
ħʵһΪۺϵĸ
ȻԪħħ󡢲÷ӡħҩȵȣӵЩˣȫԱΪħʦ
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Ʃ˵ǿ֮׺ͱܵ͡
ͬأԪȴǿԵħֲΪ֪ġҺѾ
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᳤Ŵ徫ķۣ°ȼյĻռǣϸϺȻҲǰ˽ףһȦâǣƺѾħʦˡ
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㣬һֱ˵Ҫ㵽Ҽ棬û뵽ǵһμ棬ȻΪү
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Լ˼ֱߣȻԼīͫĶԻ
գգ۾ʵ֮ǰõϢΪ¶ѹ𣿡
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һ˲䣬Цͬħȡ


70 
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72 
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ʱλþʿŵĴӳȻû·ߺȻͣˡ
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ӳüͷ¶˺ε飬ʱ䷨ʦ


73 
½Բûж̫á
ȻΪĿӴԿ۾Ųߣһǰһ߼ķ羰
ƺȫڴĻش
ڶݵ𾪺󣬴Žʼ˼
ղţԼʹʱħҪõԼʱ䡪״̬ص첲ն֮ʧˡ
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ΪûѪô˵𣿡
ԥʵ
ʵȫԲ磬ΪʦȻ׷ʹҪٸʵ׵ˣش𣬰ٷ֮ʮŵĿܣ½Բʵڶ顣

Σӳն˵
ҲͳȥǳŮ
κһͰڼҽ㣬ĬԵ̬Щ֮ζò̫
½ô仰Ͳٶ˵߷
ڸղǸضˣ˿ܱϣôѪûУ
ǿĥһĽ͡
ԼԲԽԽǿˡ
ҿ϶Ů˵Ҳкܶ˱һղǸ
ȻûʥĴڣƾŽǸкǿʣ϶ǴӮġ
ǵģǷҪΪԼһ䣬ԷҲΪܡ

½ƳһۣȻشȻǲ׼졣
˳ĬŻصһ·˺ܶ࣬ƺҶȥæʲôˡ
лҲˣߴӵ⼸٣лмϤס
ƺǴŵһܵʱȺ٣ʱּζʻĹҲȻС
ƺִʲôͷڻ㱨ͳһųᡣ
𾪵ط֣ƺӶľᡣ
Աһ֪ԭǽ˱˷Ӷ
κ˶עΪӶʥְҲ⣬ϰ֮ʱȥ񡪡ֻҪֶԽ͢кΥûϵ
ңûܷӵƵ
ӶᷢǹģҪץɱĶҪôħޣҪô˵ͨͶǸֻѰ̽ħδ֪Σյȵȣֶɱ˷ŻҲ޷ͨ׼
Ȼڵĺưɥһ٣Խ͢Ҳ⡣
ƩЩɱĳЩʥְ߾ͿܳΪĿ꣬Щ͵ƷͷŽȽ͢ĳ˵ȵӦоС
ôûΪ汳ѽ͢
ʿŵĴھΪ͢ͽ˵ûֱ𺦽͢桢ȴΥʥְߵ׼Ϊˡ
˵𰸵Ȼǿ϶ģҲ
ڵǡ
ͷ񣬹ڵ۶Ͻĳ򸽽ץһʳʬ
ʳħЩƣֻûкߵľ޴ͣϿ࣬ԼצֻӰûʲô
ΪʳʬûгԹˣֻǰҹεĹڷ͵ʬ塪Ǳǻ˶ԳԵģЩǲûнǳɱǽʳʬǶץˡ
ЩǳһƬеľӦñΪߣе˵ûɱðȻϾ͢˼벢ǰƩ˵ЩͨİͿԹ󾭹ſڣҲ⵽
㰡
ǸʱּζסʻٹʱҲۣЦشչ
عס˴ŵļ򣬻ƳһԱߵ½ԣСհ
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½ż˼۾㲻Ǻý½һС𡣡
ԭҲ½ҵˣֲ˵ĳƺ
ʵϸ˵Ҷ֪Һ½ýûǱãΪǸյģľλҲǴ̳еġ˵ͬӦýá
½߶˼䣬ˣҶ½ˡ
žȵطԱߵ½ٴεͷ
ӳע⵽ʦֿʼԼŤͷŴĶջ԰
ô밡š
½ûɿ֣Ⱥʳʬʵûô⣬һһСк˼䡣
Ҳ֪˵ǴûɱƺǣԼҪʬȴˡҿܻõɱˡ
룬߽ؾǣϾǲܺ߶Ƿ˰ɡ
½ʱ࿴ʵҵʱҲô˵ģ
ʵϣ͢ʥͽȥȻܲסĳЩƩ˵ԸĳЩʹͽʥְȥΪʺϡ
֮Ĺͷǳͣɲͽսʿ߷ʦ׶ǰ͡
һͨսʿ߷ʦ𣿿Ժܵ͡
Ľ׶ỻطչ
ҲⱾ£ȻÿԸȥƴ֮£ԸǮ
ȵȣǷӶᣬȻȥ𣿡
ǣðҲǡ
½С˭ֱӹӶʥְ񰡣һ˵﷢£ߣԺȥӶᷢ񣬿ȣӶӵĿԲΪҶ֪ﲻöԸͽȵԼܲԾ֯飬˽ȥĻ汨档
ܾﲻԣȻ˽ȥӶǻϽ𣿡
ãµصڣǮǶһǰ鷳ļ¼ÿʥ㱨ʱЩеģ½˼۾ʥǲûԹ涨²ǮҲûй涨Ǯԡ
¡
ŵˣʵҲͨʽôɡ
ϾʥְǲܹȻܻߡ
ظأͰôóȥ᲻ᡭ
Ͻ̶ܵɹȥˣٹüŪۣûģ˵һǽ⣬ץס͢ǮΪʲô֪ΪҲ
ţҲ½ΪԼأţûôԣԲż͢
ѧң½һۣҵҲҵ̴鷳Ҳ࣬·ЩӶǷľʨӴ󿪿ҪܶǮһʲô⣬ԼŴȥɼܣЩжڱָָ㡪ôأЩʲôУЩǻծġ
ô˵ţεؿһ½ԡ
µ۹Ĵʦ֮Ȩ󣬲ΪǼڲص䣬ҲΪǱҼ̳Źλҷضǽڵ۶һߴС
λС̳и׵ľλһɳµ۹ٵĴǣϽʮСж൱ĸġ
Ȼ½Լͷ˼̳˵λá
Ҫ˵ж磬ԴӼ￪ʼѧϰӦյļʱ׵ž˷Լʱ䣬ԶԾܾ
ţ
λӳµƢʲô£ȷʵʮͷţҲġ
Ҳô˵룬½һĻҲ㿴أΪͨϵܵЩԮֲǳԴЩҴصƽ׵
֪̲ס²һ¡
½ƲƲ죬ֻϣӣǾûҵˡ
ֺû˵˵½ԣ޷Ǵڽ͢죬֪λСһں˵ĻҲͱϵ߰Զ׽ְǨ
ԹɴҲֱӷй
һ㶼뵱Ϊʲôǵİ軹ôѾλǣȥҲûëܰǹء
ˣСʱΪΪʮʱ򣬾ȲҸ˵Ҫ̳أ֪ô¡

ǱߵĶԻˡ
л˳ִ£ʳʬҲûдȽǿļ͵֮µ߿ˣǳͽĿˣǾ
ʳʬǻڶ¶Һ˿ڣ߱һʱڽ֮
ڱȽЩȥͶ죬ˡ
ŶԵʦͶȥĿ⣬ΪЩѾڿʴˡ

лʵһ㶼ںЩʳʬδĽ̻ս֮ĵطȻԽʴԽá
Ǻܿɢˣ½Ҳͬһˡ
׼һ¡
ٻѧ֣ڿϵʥռʱ¶΢Ц
ȥʥǡ


74 
ʥλ񼣴½вµ۹ڽյ۹κһ
ܲ͢ڵʥЩͬģĵ۹У˿ڳƵϡ١
ʮڸĽΧż֪ʶ֮ɲʥԶƯеĻγǱʥǵսȺ
еʥְ߶סڵϡ
ɫΪĹ¥޵üΪΰҵܴ󣬸Ķ˸ǼûУеĽֵޱȣ·ϵȴ٣ԽԵ¡
ʵϣ⵹ǲһĳС
ʥְ󱻵ʥǣΪ﹤ɣͷǱޣҲԽӴ͢ȨĶ塣
˵ƽʮֺͰʥʿŵĵһڶŸפʥǣȻʥǧҲû˶ħ֮κвҶħֵǼΣսѾȼ½ûܹ⡣
Ҫǣ̻ʺʮλ´̳ʥ̷ʽһӦˣûشս£ǿܰ䶼뿪ǡ
⣬ʥһ㲻⿪ţֻӲοͽ룬ʥְߵӿνʰȫ
񣬴ʥĹâʥ
ǽ̻ʱ¾ס˵̷µʥ´Ҳ˿ᣬڲǹʱ䣬лʦԱɣѧǶͷվһߡ
̻ǸȥܺͰˣ·ֻʮͣ΢Цʱơ
ûͷڻֳȨȣֻǴųѩ۱Ե¹״ƣ°һֱػֹ̺
ڲǰлѧһһкǷ׷״ףöͷ̻ʱµֱ
ȻҲ⡣
ǣԼʦĵʦȥһͨĺƢھ壬ûʲô̲˫ۣҲûʲôȫɪɪ֮ѹ
ʵӦֻǽ̻ʱ´Ӳʾ˰ˡ
ϾԽλȨصʥְߣԽ̷ߵڼǲϲҲñηΪ١
ٱϽ͢Ľˡ
ʵʱ䳤ˣҲԼףԽˣԽˡ
Ǹ͵ӡ
֮ԱֵҲƽҲƽϣһȻƾµİĵλΣĽɫôϵ뷨
ֻҶԲУŻᶯͼ֤Լ
һ˵ҶŲɱﵺͲΪ֪ɼе㱾µˣᶯͱ¶һС
ˣǶȥɣСҺʦ˵˵
л΢ЦŸѧ
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ǵʥͽʥʿУ½ֵ˴ӳģƽҲûʸʥϹת׳ŵʦְһˣȻԸһֱš
ӸղŵڣǵΪĳҲ֤ЩƺȨûʲôҰģһ̻ʺл˵ʱ⣬ʱѵ˽̻ʵĳҲ
Ҳǹİɡ
лһʲѧʱҲ⡰⡱ǵԡ
һþħԼԼɵʹҶ
֮ǰġ
Ĵ΢ЦָָվһԵʥʿ
ʥ壬ߵȾʽǳɹȻ֪˵ʲôҲ֪λķԣȻǳ⡣
˲֪̻ʱ֪ܲͲʽˣλ͸
Ը㱻һʥըˣ²ǧһҲٷ
ʵл֪ŵ˵ʲôҲףþħ˵һˡ
ֻķԣҰǸɣҲǸʥְߣ붼ûµľٶ
°ɣӡ
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źܹɵԱߵɳϣ£ʵҲ֪ʱλֻϡǵ˵ˡƺԣֻҼǲס˵ʲô
Ȼ˵ǿ󣬵õ̬ŮƺͿųһ롣
ź֪ʽ֣ȻҲ˵һǹֻǼʺС֪Ŀ˶ʱ⣬ȥͽǵıء
ʵϣ˵Ϊͽ͸ûȥ߱ˡ
̻ʴ£Ȼ̾Ϣһʥ尡͵ʣЩҲֻȼʮ˰ˡ
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鸴ӵ롣
ĵʦϣΪ񽵡
̻΢΢Űɫľһ˫հǳɫ鲢֮С
ϸ˵񽵵Ĳߣбḻսʥְʥõ֤
ǲ
İ
̲סлһǰֲֻ񽵣Ҫ⣬ŵҲ̸˵Ƶʽ϶֪ôġ
ҲĿеľ̫ԣٵǺûĵЦ
ڣ˵һڡ
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̶ˡ
λ̻ʱ¿ûҪȥˣ˵˰ֻԼ˵ˣ׽ﶼ
̻ǿʥְߣˣ񽵣ЧȻûֵĺá
תһ룬ƺҲе
˵ǰЩȻʽԽƣҲڼᣬֻҪٻĶǹĽѾԽԽˡ
ȻҲʥְߵѡ׼Խϸйء
¡
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ñЩϱ׼ˣڳ񽵷棬һʲôأ
϶ЩҪ˺ܶ࣬ȻֻҪʥĴڣͲÿǹ֮ݱĿԡ
Щٻʥ壬Ͳ֪ôˡ
ϴҲʹŵȴĪƫ˻ⲻ֮ŵΪһ˾Ҳδ֪͸ɴ಻ˡ
Ҳѯʹµġ
̻Щεػش𣬡ŴνٶȻʥҲ޷ܡ±Ҳ֪еԵɡ
ţ

⣬Ҳͬл뷨ֱӳܹĽ١ҲȰҵֹͣٻ٣ԸܾͽĺȻÿÿ٣ܻʹѡ
ҵ衣
űϰڳһжӣֱҪˡ
겻Ѵġ
ǲȫҵ뷨ʦлҡҡͷӦĳһλ¹ͨҲҹµ񽵣Ҳ˹µ
ǲһ
̻΢΢̾ϢʱȻѡ̻ʣΪ˱ʥְңʵʹ񽵵ļսУҲҹ
̻ʱʹù񽵣޷λӲԹ涨
Ȼν̻ʵѡ֮ʣ͢Ҳɹ񽵣˺ܶˣļλʽϣһγ񽵵ĻᡪʱʧܾҪѡ̻ʣ˵ָԹģɴཱུƭڡ
ʵϣֻ̻հƷĹ񽵡
˼ǸоԼҪҲȥѡ̻ʲôġ
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Ϊûս
ֻʿŵ٣սˣΪ̻֮µĴųߺ´̣߼С
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ƽȶԴͽˣûҲûд𰸡
ȻνƽȶԴҲǶѡ
ӣ룬ԸⳢλµ񽵡ǲƼԼѡҪԼɣʽ˵Ļģʧʵ֣һܾ޷ܣеƭŭ
һûʲôΣգֻ񿴲ˡ
ڶַУеıеĳ񾭲˾ȹˡ
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λ߼˾ڰϢݣûɵĴ˾Ӧö
̻شҲʲô
лܼŵղŻް鱻嵭˲٣߸˵ˡ
лСȥıӰҡҡͷŵ¡
ŵ
̻ƺҲ֪ôˣֻǲ̫ϤϾ˾溱ʥٰʮֹûж˵
鷳Ļܷҹģ񽵣һ̶ʹ
лԼҲʹ񽵣Ҳûȥѡ´̵λáѡҲҪˢ
ȺеһλȻҲȴҹʺ缫λ¡
̻ʿ˴һۡ
˽Լѧлֲֻѡ٣ƺһ˼ѧϣֻΪ֪ԼԸѡٽȻƵȴɡ
ȷʵˡ
۵Ľ̻ʵؿڵܻʱ䣬αż
֮вһնͣڶʱҲǿжսЩ޷սԸȥѡص䣬Ҳôİɡ
лͣǽľңյõص°벿ٹҪˣԣϣμһʥֻҪ࣬ЩͶˡ


75 
ʥƽԭϣâʥ滷ˮ΢Ϯ֮ʱˮ沨Ϸʮ׵ʯʷ״Χĸ
Ÿһ뿪̻ʵĹʥ׳ľ΢ʧһ˲
ЩãΪ̻޹Ҳûӻʥǵͼ
ǰһֱӴӵ۶ܵ͹ģֻ㲢ǽ̻ʵĹâʥһ˸ִħĽԭ·һǸطֻҪߺԶ
֮£һ֮Ĺ
˿ɢڿд˼ת˷ȥ
Ŵ֪âʥʥǵλãʮסź´̵ĸ֮⣬ʥǵڳǣʥְϰʥĵطҵžסֻΪ˿ϡ٣ԲûӵĽֵ¥
ĺӹ࣬ˮ΢ŮվڰʯԱߣ˫ĿʱԺȴֳԶʥ־
֮⽫Ǵݻ
Ϊ´̵ѡڼЩߵʥְԶһЩֻԾɳƲ֣Щ߸ߵ͵͵ſڣǲ
ڿ߮Ѳأ;߽ʥͽעӣ̧һҲǼΪĹ֮ĳ浼ʦǰʥְں֣˲Ϊҡҡͷˡ
֮ƮƮȥҵһĳĴ˾
ƺ˴죬һ˵Żһ̨ףϷʮֻռԣΧиĴͬƷʥͽ
һͣȻһͷײĳˡ
ԶƻصȺڽ
ͬһʱ̧ͷ·Ϭһ¶΢Ц
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ڹâʥſڵĴȻֱĿĵء
ıԽʱ˿̾ЩˮϷɵĸһֱӹˮֱĿĵأȻϧС
ʵҲûԹĽǽѣˮʱֻϧһ¡
ǳɵǣ·ϻˡˡ
һʥǵʥʿǰ
ǰ۵ˣȻܵɫľųŵļӳŮǶ
鼤ؿţе绹ʵ֮⴫ݵĻлţȻſǰһȺˡ

ʯʮֿĵ񻨻䣬ͨһݻĴ
Ҳûͣסֻ׼Աƹȥ
ƿ۶
ɭĵ˿ɫĹͫм߷Ŵ˲Ϣͽǰ
þԼķӦڻݵǰһ뿰ۼŶһƷ˿ƮƮرϡ

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ǵɫĽڿһתʧȥĿҲδɢתٴϮ
Ȼײ˷Ѫ콣ĵϡ
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Ĵӳ۹۱Ǳǹģ׼·и￴һ۴ţΪѺõظ˸Ī
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Цһ
˵ԷǺ϶϶ץסԼ鷳ֺõǸûƨã˵ҪʽĶͷ̨ˣȻҲûʲôµġ
ؿһۣƺ˵ʲôȻһתֱʧԭء
δʧֻǱâʥʱƶ̫졣
̻ʱٻɣиӳʼ磬⡣
Ҳû⣬ϾҲ򲻹ǼһҲֻϻһ䣬Ѿˣôʧˣ
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ŸϿˣʱͣˡ
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ʵûͨûѵӪϾ߻ζţϿֻͨûȥԵһֿԡ
λӳ˵Ļûôˡ
˴ҲԸػش⣬ûУʥ֮ѧϰ
ӳǷ׷ȻҲѹ֡
ǶǸ߽սʿҪȥŵսʿռǣһҲֱܷŵĽλʵս顪϶սҲѵ
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һҪ˵ĻһΪ˴ܶרҰ·ӡ
⣬ҲܿС̫С
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룬˵Ҫѽȫĵȥ壿
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Ϊ޴ϰߣͷؽһҡΣ߸̨׶ˤȥ
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ӳüҲи򵥵İ취
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Ҳǣһӳ˵ͷͨѵӪҵļһҲδؾʹù㡣
лл鸴ӣʵΪű¼ȡʥǵġ
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Ȼ䣬ӥϻ˯ˡ

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76 
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ɣɤػشֻǲ


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Ȼ˼ʵ츳ȻҪõܻҪѪġ
Ⱳĺ»ʤʱҪһС񽵵Ķͷ̨ҲеΡ
ңȻĹ١
һҲδһ֡
л룬㺦𣿡
ʵϣűֳ־Ϳܣͻͷ
Ϊ񽵣ֻվų
ؼһ֮ǰ߻ҪͨԼһʮıף˵ѻȻᴥŭȻһƢȣǱħָҲ
еƭ߲񽵣ҲֹʽܾӦˣʱ߲ܵκ˺
ⳡʽҲͺˡ
ԣûǿȴȥμ񽵣ĲԸ⡣


79 
Ҳ֪
ŮЩã˵ţȷʵе㺦£µҲǺҡΣ￴Լ˱˵ū־ֻʣ·ŭҲϵ룬Ҫúǿ߾͸ɴڱǿ·ϡ
ⷬٵĻûκλɡ
лʶ㣬ҲٿƯС̶ֳȵò˻Ůϣû㹻ͺ̨»
ⲻǵĴ⡣
Ȼȥ˭Ϊ˸û壬ôţȻŶԼĳ·º
лҶԼѧĿ⣬е
ҲŹκһܱǿĻᣬԿҲãܸҲãûϵɡ
룬ԣֻԻЩͬΪʥͳߵȾˣΪʲôʧܣ뿴ҸŬȥ⡣
ŵƺѾһ֪ٵĴ𰸡
ʵҲʹʦ
лΪʶ̻λõˣȻҲǹ
ܹܳĽ٣¼Ͱ϶ˣĺ´̱˺ܶ࣬ʵҲԲһ㣬ϾǸһԱ񽵲㡣
ӲĴ񽵻вԼ
Ͼ̫ԶǰμӹԶȥҲְ꣬С̫Զڽ͢ӵͿԻõλأδȨĵλ
˵רΪЩ׼һʥ
ټԼĸܣҾ룬ʵ֣һ־
εĺ´͵ǰߺףһ̶˵Ը־ϡ
ţ
֮ǰŵҲô˼
ʵ״̬أ
Ҳ˵һǿ϶ģǡ
лʮָ棬¶һı飬ǳζԻʱãĵѧ̸ƺͳǧ
ţ
ʱۣ⣬ֻǰðɣ
Ϊһ̸ͽҲҵ˵ҵļ䣬ҲҵĶļˮƽ
ſʼһﵱʥְ֮ǰǲǸ켣ĳåⲿǱ𣿡
ȻǣΪôе𣬡л˵ֻҸչʾ˼Ҿû㾫ʵƾ֡
ʵ޻˵ŵĻʵûͷ㻹ûش֮ǰ⣬¡
Ŷˣˡ
лļ򣬡ԭ򣬵һһʽҪȫĺ´ͶƱᱻÿ˴ǾԲеģмɵϻΪûʸ񽵡
ŻȻͷ
žǽ͢ɣ˺Ŷ̫ˡ
⣬Ľռ仹ܴ󡣡
лɫһţصѰȴص䲻ͬЩѾˣڣҪսȥǿȻҪ㸶һЩۣĽٶȻǳ졪
ͣһ£㵱ͨʥʿֻǻصҲԣ㻹ԸѧмʥѧᣬҲͶħ밵֮еľ顣߾ЩѷԾĵطֻܼ࣬е̣Ҳ˽Ϣҡͨʥְ߸ûֶһħ󣬷ԸΡ
ţ
ԭصϢҰ
һӵ̵ȫ˵㣬ҲҪʽ
лͶһ֪ʵ񣬡㲻õκ鷳ƳʥְǽħˣҲ÷ĺദǻ֪ҵѧߣ̫鷳Ҫ¶˾ûʱ乴ĶˡСЩгġ
ţ
ᡣ
֪Լӭһ쳣æµʱ䡣
ҲûϵҶԸļ䣬ҲֻѧԺκʹĴ͵ͼƬ׼ǰżڼ䲻֪Ǳ˼ҵҼҲر
ȻźܲԸԼᲢۣȻò˵ÿĶҡóŲȥѵﱻʱҶսһٻغϡ
ȻҲֻǱĵˡ
صܵ˸ʱСһһ
Ҷ¶ϰߣ֪Сﲻ˷ʱӣʮ˵ƹݳһ١
ʱ峿ʱ֣ǸոսѲߣʥʿƷûƹϰʶǵǺȻĿҲϰﳣֵҹʥְߣֻЩŵÿ͵սľغ˵㶫ˡ
ű븶Ǯֹˡ
ԺǮĵطˡ
½¾ƱһмڿҪҪԸΣ
һ£춼пΣЩεʱҲһ𣬡ʱʱĴΰɡ
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ţʮҵٽң
Ӷ᳣ħ޾ʵǳף˳ӼʮҵʮҶУнħ޵սһȼˣһֻ׻׵սʿʦаսDC˳Ҳܸߡ
֪л»᲻ṩҪûеĻҪʡǮˡ
ͬɷнµ˵š
ʵ֤ҵĵôһ
лȷʵûΪ׼ħĵľˣⲻҪԼǮ
ΪԸҴ͵ƳǵĽ͢ӵʱûħѾװˣЩΪ´̷ʱʮָЧ
߲ĿϢҽǶȼѣ̨һ߶ֵУһ߶ɭִ׵ĸɽӲԶ죬һֱʧʡ
ϢһǷױм˫˴һǻһ鲼ɳͬһξ룬һǽڲĴԢ
󱻷һС䣬ǰǴƵĵطڻżͰûüѾơ
Ϣҵſڷһûӡ
ѹһֽ滹еӶֹӡ£ݴ¾ǣװ͸̴˵ǵصز
Ŵһʮʰ쵵ľ˶ʱųһƬâ
ĬĬӡ
鸴ӵǰϵĵͼչ൱ϸıעƳǵĳڵͼм䣬ܱ߷״ֲżСʮׯڴ˵صϽ

ģôڸо·ģ
Ůͷ۵ضŵͼ
Ƥֽȫ̿Ǻܴģ඼һףмĴ󲿷ֶǳкܱϽĳׯȻڵͼΧһȦԽЩǽ׵ɭ֣ƳǵϽ֮⣬ȻϤ֡
Ƴµ۹ϲɽһ־ɭַΧڣЩɽͻľڡ

ƬžȵɫͼһȻĬĬ˵ͼ
űΪԼҪƳǵһҳԸ
бǰļҪС࣬ǵӾƳǵֻо
Ȼûصֻյ˺һƱ
Ų̫ȷεĸֻŻʥְ졣
ײĴʥҵǡ
ʱֵ峿ƳһƬǶڳҲûô飬ûţѾԶԶڵһ۶ǵִʥõʱˡ
ʵϣ۶ܵҹţԷЩ˵˵òʱΡ
֣ܵ˶ɵְ࣬ЩѧͽʵʦȽæµ֮⣬ÿ쵱ֵСʱְżʡ
źʥְߴһȦкֵʦ˵ûйĶʮȷ
ʥͽȫһȺеҲڣϾʥְǵ嶼ȽϺãΪʥ֫壬ԲмҲϲڡ
ֻǴҿȥ޾ɣһ׷ԲԵļմӼ¥ʱۣ˵λŮѧͣȻƳûѧԺȥĴҲҪ߼·ҪԽһƬħ޻Ծɽȡ
ǮӶûʲô׵Ӷ飬ԸԼͺǰȻﶼ벻ǳ
ƺ磬ΪԼ£ΪƳϽܵĶħ
ϴεŭħҵ𣿡
ûУղһʥʿˣϽת˺üȦ
ŭħνˣֻǸͽ׶ħǸħٴγ֣ҼǵõһμʱֻһβͣϴξȻԽԽѶԸˡ
˻ǿн׶ħôô죿
һǵǸŭħ֮ǰһأ
ͽ׶ħн׶ħ죬ǰʱ򶼻иַΧ޲ҪɵԼܵһд½߳Ǳŭ򲻻ַʽ󲿷ʱǶĿġ
Ʃ˵ĳǿеǿߡ
иħ
ҲЩ𾪣ؼ̸ϴǼʱѾβˣ
н׶ħҲ֣ħñϵһ֡Ͼħ;ħαװͨˣħԸָ̬αװܱǵĺˡ
ħͲͬˡ
ǿȥǷŴһǣֻβ࣬ҡ
Լħͼᣬ˵ģǿȥʵ񹷡
лҪ˵һСx


80 

̸ԱߵʥְϳϾף˱˴˶Ϥһ˲ܲµ˭
ʥְͷȨк˼һ֮⣬糣
ǰܶ˶֣Ҳ֪춼ڸʲô
ô̡
ſһ̸ʦ΢֯һ´Ǿ˳ҲںͶħս𣿡
ǰΪȵʦһǸˡ˵ϽħϮ˴ԸȥǶħ
ȻֲһҸԼһ䱦ʯ
ǲ۵ӵ̣ΪϢȻȫǵĴҲĽ͢׷¡
˵Լݣֻ֪ǰڰʥǣֻ֪ܵѲҹһСصǣκ´̵ѧʰ̯˳㰾
֪ʲôħ𣿡
ʥְصľǸħΪϢûֳʲôսĶ
͵Ϯ
Ȼ˼
̿ܲʲô֣Ҳܺս飬ҿϵĻǸߣԸͽ׶ħⲻн׶ħҲں޻֮
ԣĳħӣ͵Ϯɱ
̾˿
ҪʼˣٴЩ˵Ĺת¥ˡ
Ȼʼյڰ칫ǰ̳ļϻһЩдʲݵġܱߵĶħټ档
ӵֻһжӵʥʿܵҲˡ
һжӻûȫƣˣܹһˣȫػʿš
ػʿű͸ڸפҲæӦ޳вƽʮֺͰʥǵڣֻڴеľйģķֵ۹׶ܵפػʿŵĳԱӵͨеСУٵƳöĵط
ַ˷棬ͷ۵˼һ
ƻصϷ͸߽ľǣϡϡ̤Ͻ߽ʥá
ҵҪκλԼ˵ʵҲᡣ
ϡǵʥ֮Ŀγһž͸ʽĿγ̣κ˶ԱǴ󲿷ֶΪ˲Żѡ

ǿɸʥְ߱ģҲֶЩʱΪ̵ְ棬ʱЩսļһ
ǰһᱻ䵽Ƚ鷳ĵط
ƩƳжħģЩƩĳʳħ岻ϻģֻͽǲⱾ׵¹ʵĵ
һͱŵеĵطƩ½غеϽÿûʲô£͵صȾƳԷ˵ᱻͼˡ
ȻǰߣֻȻ̲סߵĳ棬Ǳ˻ʲôˡ
Ҫǿ϶ҪģⲻԲһ¡
ͷӦǽɫߺɫ˵ЩطЩѩѪˣҲЩطΪ꣬ΪħҲвġ
۾
ˡ
ȵĺʵ״̬˻ôˣ
װġ
Цһ£̲ס˺͵ʦһģһĿǡ
롭ӸûС˰֮ģΪҵĶˡ
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ô֪ƳϽһЩСڽɭֺɽЩͼ˺;飬ǲԸ·뾳ؿԼֲģɴֱӷɽ뾳е˻ƳϽĳ򡭡
ˣ˵ԼҸո߼۰֤˼𣡡
࣬ͷҲٵİɣǵĹ֤ϵǩģֻǲ񡣡
Ǿǹٷ֤
æصԼϢң˷Ʊ
˽ҺٲϽ⡪֪թôǮ˻߾Ƕôԩͷ뾳ؿԲôǮһЩӶѷŵĲɫʯ;ˣΪŰ쵹âէһԷֱ档
˰죬ڼȥ̫ԾĶ
СؾһӨɫʯ
ǿ鲻̫Բʯͷ͸ů⻬һӴƤʯǧ̹˿·̼䱻ȼˣ˿˿ƵĹâ߮˸
ɢһֲľϢ
ЩӲ߬ʯͷܡ
ǰһƬķȻֳЩǳɫӫ⡣
ϸֱ棬ͻᷢǲǹţҫĹԼܿһϸСӰ
Ԫؾ顣
ǵȻȻȴֻħʦǲĿõĴڡ
ɫľϵԪء
˵ֻħʦܿԪؾĴڣͨҲ޼ѰֻԪصְ̬ˣƩ˵˪ѩȵȡ
⣬Ҳÿħʦÿʱÿ̶ܿԪؾ顣
ħѧͽŵĵһʵΣڤ״̬ΧԪؾĴڣЩ׺͵ȵˣһͻüΪѡ
Ϊһ츳Ȼ츳ܲˣûмԪؾһϵ
ڣ˿зֲľԪأܲǺܶ࣬Ҳȷһ£ԼֵĶ
ľ󾧡
ԭᵽΪܶſģеǰ̫ȻĳЩϸȴܼסǵ÷ǳ
˵ֶ԰˿ľϵħҶĳһǱĳ帮ۡʱõֽת͸ĳŮ䡪˵˾͵ġ
ҲֹһأֻҪٵǹ塢Ǿ;öû⡣
Ȼľ󾧵ȷز
ʵϣɭ־ģͨǵĺѧϰľϵħֶû츳ûõġ
ȫϵ츳͵ȣȻҲľϵħ츳
ǻԼҵ˿ûӵ츳˵Щʯˣﶼûʲôоֻĳزʯͷ

̾˿ľ󾧻ص˰칫ңŶѵ߰ӣʼ˼һ¡
Ҷõһľ󾧣Ǵĳ帮ۡٳġǲõõֶģΪѧϰħɭ־ؽôӵͽƱһ𣿿϶÷ʦϻڷɡ
˵Щ϶ͨĳֶεõľ󾧡ȴпܲ⵽ʲôôôõأ
Ʃ˵Լü֤թ뾳ɭ־ǡ
ôˣɭֺɽ߾ЩСмɹ£
ҶõǸľ󾧣ϵĵǲһ
һ򵥵ļ衣
ԭûн͢ڵƳһụ̂һ̡
ǰߣôľ󾧿϶Լҡ
ǺߣҲ̲ûС´ѧݣԼûֺֻЩҡ
ôţԽԭﱻϴ˴ҵĹԼҡ
ȻƳֻоطЩСС
˵ԼұĳĶҶŻǱǵĸۡϾһﲢȱǮȱǮҲܵôԶ͵ҲΪľģϾľƺǸ⡣
ԭвڣӨĹϵںõöֱ࣬Ҫһ򵥡
ѧԺĸ⣬ҶĴֻһռżͼƬ
ϴīͫϧǱܵ͢ҲҪǸͼƬϵͼ֮ܳһоĸۡʲôˡ
ȥܾ²пܵġ
طеͼƬǧӵ۶
ǿռ䷨ʦҲһ˲Ƶκεطʲôħ
⣬Ҷõľ󾧲Լأ
ôǸʧԵĹ帮ۡ˵أȻҲڽɽɭֵĳУ˲ܴɭ־ϵõľ󾧣һ֪ʲôҲڴҡ
ʵҲδû˵Ͼס
ֻûۼûľϵ츳޷âԾͨʯˡ
ȵȡ
лĪ򷢵᲻֪ƳļҲһżͼƬ
л֪ҶǱܵֻǲȷҶĿġ
ʱ䣬Ҳ˵ʦѾ鵽ԼҵԲŰã
˵һ𣡣
źȻеϵĽָһȡ
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ܵϣȰѷ˹һëޱ˸
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ӰֻĴצӴ˫ϣֻ·һûıųһ޴ëǿŮĻؽ
Աߵȣ
һ߾ֻƺĺܺоǳ
һλȥҲȫƲϽ׳̴ˣȻûղһͳ˵ϡֻȥжٽɣ
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֪ǸʦСʲôһֻëʵǸĹڻ̫ٽ
ҵı磬С㡣
ӵĺ󾱣ȶݵؽܵȫ֪ʲô
ϴżһաµ۹ûоλļǲܽһ嵽·ϵģһ·Ҳûô
֪ȻᵫͷǺ´̵ѧ˵ҲǹôҲǹȻ
λʹ˸к¥ˡ
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æҵذ̵İ칫ɳڳĿռ䡣
ǵģҪ㡣
վһ߿ţλүȻҲϰ߸ɻټֻǿˣȫûҪæ˼褸ΪҿħĴ󣬰Ҵߵķֹᣬķѵħҳʮ
µ۹ϾǴ½еĹ֮һħҲͣƳƵطķֹᣬҲᰴܹͨĴ󡪡ֻǲôðˡ
Ͼ۶̫Զһķѵħ
ֹǸ֪㲻ȱʵҳҲУֻǾΪʲô
Ҹո֪лŪƳǣطûʲôǣҲ˲汲µıʼǣԼϻδûʱס
ľλͨϮͻήǼ̳˱Ƚ츳ĳλͿλ룬ھʲôλҪλĸߵ͡
ԼҹȥҲǺֻǴʮԽûгɫļ̳ˡ
ҲħҾͲˣսʿļ壬Щ崫ص䶼û䡪ϾصҲȲ˷ϲʣοԼһûص䣬ֻǵؽװˡ
Ȼǲص䣬ҴƵţǧԼʹǵ罻Ȧﻮȥˡ
Ϊʲôû͵ıʼǣǺԼһʱһɹһ֧飬ǰʧ֮̽գִһΪķ桪
Ǹط
ӵС׸˽͢żͼƬǼʧ֮صĽ·ߣȻͼӦòֹЩ
ΣڣԣԼҲһֵĵͼƬ𣿡


81 
һ㸴ӡ
ʵһʱ벻ʲôĽ취
ֱȥ˵˿Ҫ͵ǼҵıԼָô
˵ǿ²ʲôǶ¶ûҪϾû֪ż˵֪ĿҲȤ
ҶȻҲǴӳ˯ڽָ˵ġ
ҪԷ壬ǰżѼĳЩʲôŲǵãЩʲôҲ̫
Ȼᵽʮֶ죬ܾܿȥʧ֮صĿĵء
˵ʵռżͼʲô˵ĿԿ϶ҪȥһˣȻصȥʲô
ÿĽ͢ѡַƳǵӵҲڸߵء
ڸ߲¶촰̨ϣĻµС
Ϸ·ŻɵԽЩһƬ䡢̶ûпŵҵϡĳǱ
ֵʮֿ϶Ҷ͵
Լ֪ԭſ϶ҶҪżȻ˼άû˭ȥżΣأһӣͨǸλһӶȥ
ʲôöҲˣȻڴҵ֪ʲôûУֻзͲкһĲֵ֡
ҲĳЩʷͿŵ˻ԸǮռǣ㱨ԶԶȲϾһĴۡ
վߣҿıʼ˵ʧ֮أкܶԭ򡣡
žһ
λǽżġ
ͷ˿͸Ĳܿڰ칫Щ߰ļһλãһ޵ëţȻʼ˯
ŮͷţɫסĽϹŲӽ𳿹⣬ǱŽںĤУȾһƬɫ
ĿɨƯĲա
һֿԣҲģΪʲôҪż˵ǿħ
ǧҲǴû˽żǴĿĶ
Ȼ˶ֻǰϲħϲǸطĻĪ⣬ԪؾܶȺߺͣʵȫҪ
ϲһЩֵħ֮⣬дĶħ
ħʦǿɲʥְߣûпʥĳЩħһսĳЩǸûл֮ԺܶʱһЩֵλ棬Ʃż
ʧ֮أ֮Ĭ֮ԨҪĵηֱΪɽɳĮˣλĻԪءԪءˮԪؼΪԾϵʦҪȥħǿܵġ
룬ȻҲѧԪػķʦ޷
ţ޷˼ǣһȥ
ɣ˵ᱻͬԪؾ顣
üðɣҲΪ
Ҷʵ޵ǿռħϾ߷ɱ֮⣬ϵħҲͨ٣ϵҲ⣬˵ȥʧ֮ƺҲ⡣
ǣⲻԭ
ŲҪȥԷȥʧ֮ɣ
ôһ˵Ҹٵļƻˡ
¶Ȥ񣬡ʵϣҲôҲܵ
û˵ڶֿԡ
Ҳܲµвȥ̽̽أߵõʲôֵǵ䱦ʵǧǰѰˣܻҵһЩö
Ȼżλܶ࣬ܲ䱦ķȴָطվȵɽܱѼĵطڹˡ
գգۣмƻ𣿡
ÿɷػش𣬡׼뷨
ðɣһ
żֲֵҡҡͷ׼ȥһԼң֣һôڳб߾÷ߣ밴ʥʿ⵽ĶħԾΧż֮ģԱʱ硣
ҪԼϵϣһޱĽڡ
Ǹ΢еĵӵ̣͸ú͵ص
Ͼоӵ֣ȻͶħûʲôãô칤Ͼʥʿ̫ˣһֱ
һۣȻأ
ȻֱӰǸҪ
ſԷɫ̲Ȼ˵ҵͼƬҪһڣƩ˵ҵǵ۶ħܹḱ᳤Ůǡǻϵħʦĸ׺¹ϵãѾĹǲֵͼԼӦò֪ǰǶ׸˽͢ɡ
ʵ֪Ҳνԭ
̫鷳ˡ
ͷ۵ؿαҪôһȦ
Ȼأ
Ҳɻ̧ͷֱǱ뵽ǸۡĵҴң
ޱͷҾ뷨ɡ
ⲻȷǸЩطҡҡͷǷڱأ
ǵԭô£Ҷ϶ԼҵĴ﷭һ󣬷Ҳῴľ󾧡ζţͼƬֱܵӰĳ۵λá
ȻҶҵܵǸҲأܵôÿ䣬һҲδҵ
ԼұͲħңżͼǶѾûֵˡ
̾˿ǿ϶ʲôطʵϣ˵ҲеΪղҺȥһȦǵľƽѺʹҰżصĵطûзֵͼ
ţȥԼҿˣӣ
ͷ˿칫˯Ĺӡ
аɡ
Ͼ߽ħޣ˵ĻƳǣȷʵԲκ˽κεط
ðɣһԭ򣬾ҲϢǱ˼Ҳһ
Ҳԭ
Ȼܵ˼͵£ȷʵΥԭ򣬲һҪ˰Ѷ߶µǮԺ취æҲ͹ˣȻôȻԣ˵Լ
صǣʲôռ䷨ʦҲʲôûİ˽սʿ
㲻ǻʱħ𣿡
һ˵԰ǵʱ䶼ֹͣȻģ߽ȥ
߹ִָ̧֮žʱָЩȫ֪ʲô
ۣ𣿡
ΪݵӰأ
ǳ޹ؿҪȻٺò
ϧȻָֻܻûĶԺӣ·֮ġ
˳ĬŶһۡ
ȵȣ˵ãʳָͳһһ£һõͼҪôҪ˵ãܵʱ
ٵ
ԥ˵ΪʲôڲԼҵǰõ
Ҳ֪
˼һû
˵׵İ취ҪôǰԼ˵ͻٵ죬ǻ˸ȫ
ʵҵǾãȻЩرݵĵطûУλ˼һ£ⶫӦܣ󣬵ûʲôãҲ˵˸Ϊ͵
΢΢ü˼ǣ
ȥңߴЩͷƷĴͼƬͳƷһӦĥ𡪡
Żԭľ飬ȻſҶڴõľ󾧾ͿʼԹ
ҪɣҰЩƱȥǰѵͼң˭ҲǷ˭
Ȼо̫Ծ
һ̧ͷټյ¶ֻ̨ʣԼһˡ
ХŮεذסҵĳ߻طһۣӻɳ˯㡣

ʮӣһؽ¶̨ϡ
ǰӰһ˱ѾվԱߡ
ڷ۵Ĺ彫Ķǰһӣ㻹˵ˣҸڵ鷿ⶫЩʮ궼ᷭһεһ𡣡
ŵͷűƤĵͼƬ𣿡
ħƤʵأԼŹֻϡɼһĻҳڻҳ˼ӡ
ֻʣСƤ¶Ƥֽͼ
״ݣƺȷʵܺ׸ܵǿǺϡ
ǼǿƺҲ
˵ģǵȵô£ΪʲôҪѺúһͼ˺ˣֱֲҪֳԭѰ·ħͼǵ·ߵģܳҲȫʹõͨͼ
Ϊʱż˲ˡ
Լȱʼǣǲȥż뽫Լ¼¼ǹͬһĵͼÿļ嶼зݡ
ðɡ
鸴ӵصͷҲȥЩĹˣҪôţյô
񣺡סͼ𣿡

һ£֮ǰûȥżԷĻ
ҶҪȥżռĳûеͼҲδزܽȥֻҪ໨ʱˡ
ףҪƻļƻȵõҪƷȻ󳹵׻ٵ
ҶҪռĳЩȥһЩżܵõزģҲһδƷ
⣬ǸҪᣬڰŮٶƪҪŮҲսԼʹӡ˹ˡ
˵öԡ
ԭŻսʱһͿأսȫǱѹŴ
ԼƻٶߣôҶɡ
ʱҪԼ˵ллˡ
ôţ˵ھͰס


82 
Խʱ䣬ŵһԶȷĿꡣ
ǡǿͳģļƻ
⣬ʧ֮صõҶҪĶ֮ٵĿȥе鷳Ϊ֪ҶҪʲô
ȻʵʩҲδغѡ
ϾѾõͼһܵȻҲܳοǸͼſ˺ܾãʵҲӡ
ڶǰ
ĳֽǶ˵ĽȱҶҪ졣
ȻҶǷ֪Լеͼ߰ԭĽ࣬Լҵĵͼǲõĵڶ飿ǻ˵ǵĻǾ鷳ˣΪܿѾõһ
ԥʵȵıʼûԼ֮⣬˭еͼһж٣
΢΢ףУһĲ֣Լһһµ۹ҵĲرһ
ʱһȥĻо飿
ǵģΪ˶ħ
ĻԼҵĵͼҶõĵڶݵĿԱȽϴ
ôţʣҵĹסΣϵ͹ѶΣ
С
ȻˣԼҪ鷳ܵҪ򵥣ô붼õ֣
ʲôԣ
ͷԼȥ
Ȼ֪ҶҪʲôǸҲ̫ɹѡƷܱߵͱˡ
һ·ʲôֵĻûбصĿռ֮ģܱȥزġ
Ȼһۿȥ͹â䡢ŲϢĴڡ
ͷ˪ĺĤתƺ¶ЩЦ⣬ڿɲҪôѧᷨʦԪػҪô͵ս񡣡
ԼϴκͰĽ棬ַ
һӦá
΢΢ҡͷȻҲ֪˵ʲôҪȻԣֱýżڴ½УĽĽͲһ̶ֳܺȣлٽ㡣
Ŷǿġ
ĪͷһģҪѧ᣿
صġٹһؾͿˡ
Ƶ˵ҵ˼ǣһʱ䣬ڽ棬ܴﵽڵʵ
ţ
̫˰ɡ
һа˽׵ʵ
ԭʱʹ򲻹ҶˣһϻǱɱģʵǲܳһжʤġ
ҲҾܷ
Ϊص⡣
ظһ飬棬¶дۡ
ؿ
ֻ֪ǲȷܵʲô̶ȣȻΨһϣ
Ҷͻ뿪Ըżų˽׵ʵ
ЩĿԣԸ·ϡ
֪
Ů˵ҲȥѯʾĴۣѾҪˡ
ͼҼסˡ
ץƤ͵ͼ߬һţȻһ֨֨¸µı˪ЩԶƷ˪Ȼֱķѣձϸıм
ת򿪴ķϯЩķĩ÷׷裬ڿС
ҲΣⶫǶԺ塣
ʧСӵŮǸˮϵʦ׺ߵȣʶʼħѧԺԺȥ۶ѧͺˡ
սʿҳʦȽټȻֻҪ塪Ǿ¾ͺ
ʵϣԼҶԣһûҪĵͼһȥ۶ѧϰĻᡪʼħѧԺʦǿѧǶǸѧУӲʩѹѧϰҲܵõõԴ͸ֻᡣ
Щ츳û쵽Ըеķʦ˵Ǹ൱ѡ
ֻޣټǺܸߣ׼ݲҲȻ¼ȡš
ȷʵŵ˵ͷ͢Ļҵǿܲڵ۶ܵ
ֻܲɣ˭ûϵˡ
񵭶ؿһۣ㣬ʰɡ
ΪʲôǻҳԷô
ǰүһĪ㲻Ϊ糿ûĲɣôҲҪʱ䣬˵һ͵ģ
ţ
ˣ̫ᡣ
ʱٴνӵʥʿıţĴׯħϮˡ
Ż𼱻ǵظϹȥʱֳѾһƬҡ
ԶԶżǺ˵ϢҫĻڵСׯȼ˴𣬴綼ܵԶˡ
һŭħڷ﷢衣
ʯɣϵٲֻܿŻ۾о״ͣǱ淺ͨĻ⣬ڰϴɢ
ŭħ̲ߣʱ޷ֻȼջܱߵһС
ȻֻǸͽ׶ħŭħΪӲһսʿ޷Ʒ
ܰɣǺʵԵ˺ǵĽܶ޷ŭħһĿ̺ۣ˵ж˿ˡ
߽׵սʿͷʦп˵ͨҲǱˮԵĽħûԿƣ˺Ҳ͡
𡪡
ŭħһŭĺС
վڻķϣľʵնϣصžȼյУǿ֧бݵݶ
ħŻԽԶеĴĳط̡
͵شڸߣʧصҡţȻǣͬһըĹ㣬ݡ
Ȼ󣬲԰׵Ļ
ŭ汻һն顣
ȵĴ䣬ŷ׷ѻΪĻҽ׹ǣܿʧڿС
ʥְֵ߳һõݶ
ɫϣӿƯĽɫ¹Ҷƣӳƻҫۻâ
Ͷħʮңңӡ
̻ϢŮǰķ˿ÿ¶ƽڻҶʲΣȼ԰׹
ħͨ˻ЩħˣǺѻܵġ
ʥְ߳⡣
ղһΪˣ˧ֻ»Ƹ󣬻յЩδûķӡ
ЩϽĴĻ֣́ȼһ߰ɫֱָԶĶħ
Ϲ֮ģͽڰĲ飬ʥ֮𽫴ڷ֮ۻٳɻҽ
ŭħȻһ˻
Щʯ֫϶Уʼ˸ɫĹâ
Щⲻӿת˲仯ǵʥ棬û˶ħӲ
綸ȻֻʣЩȼյ
ɵķݡʥʴĶħĲнѸٵر߽⡣
ŶⳡϰΪոɵĶħ̫ˡ
ŭħǵһμ
ɭȫŭħ׵ΧĶɭױ¶һдΧȼյĵطܿᱻЩפڸʥְ߷֣ŭħǵһġ
ʱʥʿ١
СӳȻ˿ЦҪλƳǳʲô£λ´̿»յһɶ
ǵǾӦһͽ׶ħϾҶСϵʥռˣֻǵĻǻᵣġ
ǽӵ˴ׯ־תˡʱʥʿǻһܲҵ·ء
ŵȻҵ·
ƳǰϽĵͼΧЩطټŭħ˴ׯźԶܿ⣬ûҪֱý·ܹˡ
ʲôˮϵʦ𡣡
СӳǣԼ𣿡
ǿɲǵ£Ҫˣƺмʿ
СӳеԻͷһۣܶˣȥϺʿǰɡ
ŵ˵ͷûǵˣ԰ɣ
ŮСӳǵؿһۣȻǷλ̴ûƵ£ÿ뿪֪ˡ
Сӳδ䣬ǱߵĿ޺ԽԽ
ǶܵԶȻ֮ǰǵ
ʱ˿̣˱ʬޣ˹ȼյķǰиײײ߹;в㱻նϵĺһӡ
Ϊʲô
ǸŮ޵ᣬ·մȾû˿ڣҲҡ
ţ
֪ԭͨҲп
ԷˣĳˣľͲ֪ôˡ
δǸղʿ֮һ
ղ˵Сӳ͵ǿûǡ
ǸǰǾ仰ʱˣƺ˹ֻǱʥʿδʵĽסˡ
ҪԱĻҡ
ͷ۵תǡÿϤӰ
֪ʲôʱˣʱֱվ·ߵ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ţ˵ĸģҼǵð涨ĵ۹ʿи𡭡ǰɣ
СӳͬΧʥʿٴΰǾʩġ
ǵģˣľظ˵ˡ
ʥʿǺܿ췢Զ
ƳСطʲô¶úܿ죬̵Ĺӵ۶ˡǰεĵһ죬ǲ
ҸԴһı飬׷Զ˴š
Щϵǵıã˵ݣʵ󡢻иȻһġ
ע⵽ǵ񣬵Ҳýͣ˵ûȥЩеûġ
ߵǰȥɣһء
߶ʱһˡ
ţνˣղʲô˼
﷢ºܿᴫȥԼҲ㸰磬ǾǸɵϣСĵ¶ˡ
ŵ˵ͷллһˡ
ʥʿǶһƥԸ˳ħѩ׵Ƥë㻷ɫķΪ졣
ƥҲʥʿֻĳսԼħʧȥ˻飬ֻǻԸˣʥʿӪء
ŵĽܻȥҲû⣬ֻûҪôżˣûôԼı˱֡
Ҳ
һλµ֣ϵżۻسǶû⣬ҲõԼȣħë
£ȥԼҸۡ̽յʱ˵ʲô𣿡
һǰһţӴȴࡣ
˫ֶ࣬ȫûҪȥǰСŮԵļͦñֱôҲǸսʿʧػȥǸ·Լһ㴥Уȴûײؿڡ
̽գ
ظһʣҲԣϾǷң϶뾡취һϣڼͼƯꡣ
ţ
ҲԣһɵδޣҲ˻һ
һͬԿɻ磬Ȼʲô⣬ҶҲȥ㵽ϲеŮġ
Ӧòҽɣ
ϣһشǻǲǣ
ЦһǾǸɵϣһѾһò̥ǼĸƫԶϵݣǸûѪԵϵӲġ
ţ𣿡
ҺɵͿܷε£һļ򣬡ԣСĵ㡣


83 
ҹĻʱֵϵ˱øˣƳԽ䡣
ۡȴһƬڡ
ƹ¯յԼ׼ϯΪḻһµĲȱϳ£вԸħΪʳġͨۺܸߣͨ˼ҿֻŻڲϡ
˵ӢţԸս޲ʤҵúͽ׽һʮأδ
ƳλǸȥຩˣȻʵˡ
ʱžƱһ󴮹ά֮ʣͬˮ㲻ҪǮ³
ŴҲǰӢͽʥǣɭٶħ·˷˫Ȼǳ֮ˡ
λϣоⷬ˵ͷƤ顣
ߣԹԵ˿ǣܾ˱ҪԸȥҲһԳԷȫ˵ӡ

ſָһֻӲͷƤŷȥо¡
һ˼ɭ־ľ󾧶ƭˣʲôÿġ
ĿһתϯһƯС
߲ͣüΪˮɰһǾޱľȹװط΢һ˫ѰĴ۾۵Բģȥһѡ
о¹һ񷱶࣬жħɭִӣ»Ҫġ
СԴشš
С¶һЦݣһԼС
ԷòʵڿɰҲ̲סЦоС츳㣬˹ɴձȻΪ˲С㣿
СԼˡ
˵ص˵ͷȻȴе˸׵ĵӣֱԱߵĸ״һ£ɹлл˿佱
ܰС⣬ԸƼʼħѧԺ
˹ط¾ƱĿ¿ڡ
һʼ˵ֵĴƺ΢ЩȻ˶֪ݡ
Ȼףô꣬ǵ۹ȨԼȴԽԶģ˵еӵ˶СĶԴϾֻҪԸ©ôǾͻ治Ʃ˵ڡ
ϯϵԼ˷׷׵Ȼ󲿷ֶ֪ζǰ̡
ҲܰպܷΪħʦǺ͵۶Щǵͬѧǧѷĺüˡ
ϸֳϲɫһãСŮʱһѣܰܰл
ʼħѧԺʲô
СԴ
ûܽѧԺ䣬һ˵츳ҲᣬħѧԺյѧҪϰĶϾֲʶְ࣬еѧСҲи˾꣬ͨҲʮ꣬ܰȫˣһ
ܰʲôĸ׵Ҫл
ܰܰͻСѧ֪ʲôʱ˵
ʱиɫؿڣѾΪˡ
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ݺݵһۣ¶һЦݿ񣬡ܰܰ꣬ȷʵΪ̶һ׮£Ҫȥ۶ѧʦѧϰϾǼɵģǻ¾ˣѧϰҪ
ķӾ綼˵𣡡
ȴĵعŲӴ˵д˲˵ԼˣʮͰ޹ȥȻԼͲðȻΥǼǱ֮١
סڣ
Ȼɫ䣬еӶöѿȵ⻰İɣҹȥ
һŭԼĶӣһ߲ȥϯλ̴˵ķӦ
ϯ˷ӳ죬еĴײеֻŮһ־žƱЦЦ̧ͷɫеƻתȴ޶Գɭ֮⡣
￩һ
ԼȻ¼壬Ȼ۶ĳЩԷȴúܿ죬ǹЩ¡Ʃ˵蹫ŮǸԸ¼ȡƽЩ顣
ûϢҶȴ˴۹
¼մߵһ
񻹾
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ɫȻò԰ס
ŵͷһѾƣĿȴû뿪ϯһֱ²ؿⳡϷ
սʿͷʦҵļʱæ˴鶼̫磬߾ҲδкӣʮļʮǺġ
кؾĳӡ
˵ϵʮ궼һһһǵˮƽٻкŵĵܵã϶Ǽ̳ˡ
һֱ޷޲ƽ꣬޷ǾǼԼðˡ
Ų֪ɫķʦܷ̳սʿ塪ҲЩӰ죬Ͼսʿ漰ص䣬ʦ˼ôĺպΪɫսʿĿҲή͡
λµͦ˵
ղǼ䣬ȫΪӭԼɡ
ϾоǸ˦ɻԼɡˡ
ף㲻
ڶݵ𾪺˳˫ͨ죬Ťذվ㣬ֺֻŮ˰ˣ
ĿһʱԼ˭˭ˣת˴š
㡢ֲֵŮˣԸúôڼӻԼˣڻҲ
϶ʱһƬš
ұڼǸŭħѾ˺ɼƬ
䵭˵ţ޳ָžƱ
΢΢̧ͷ˪һƬĹ׷ױĿ⡣
㣬Ͼȫζͽ׶ħʳﶼ䣬Żٰ֫ӵһߣֻʣ°ѪҲʦΪ˰ɣϾʦһ붼Ůԡ
ϺѪɫ嶶ɸ
ڳûۼħֻ˵ʱڴׯʱϣмܵ˳ſڣ
Է˵̫棬·ǳѾ

˫һֱӻ˹ȥ
ȻţӶսսһߣ֪òǰžͿĿ𽥲ƻɵϢ
ٿȻ
鴤˼£۱֣ʵʵƽɲٺͶԷݹϵ£ҹ̲ܽҾͰͳǡ
Ӹ£ڷ۵΢һ̧֣ض룬ҸӦ˽ӽ
͵̧ͷ
Сĵ㡣
ִ̧һ±˱õĶͷϴѾʤһأĶ֡
£Ѿʧ
ͨĲȫͬ˳ƴԵģҲ˵˵ָʱ͡ķһ
˵仰ָǸŮԡ
ϴʤһأ
ӮܶͬѧЩ˶ԩ޳ҲܵƳԣģֻˡ
һأһīͫ
Զ׼
ŸеԼ΢΢١
һ˲͵ƽϢ
Сؿ˹ΧԼϤһı飬¡
ˣһǽͨ͢Ҫ£˴ѰġһұоԹ
˵Ŵʵ¶ͷ۵ı飬Ͳ鷳ˡ
īͫȻˣԲһˡ
ҪԼܳȥ
Ȼǰ˳ȻҪסҶϾϰȻԿīͫӰħܺף޷ٻʥ𣬺ѳ׽ɱ
Ӧġ
´һҪǼһڰֵŭħ
ŭħʯ˻ƵͳĺȻܿԱáǸħôģ


84 
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ھƹݵݶµķ˰ߣȱǽڱ¶᾵ļǣڵͶӰ
·һƬǽĽֵϣһһ߳ҹĻĺӰ
񡣡
˳ڣмҧгݵζڵ۶Ҳں³ǣʲô
ҼΪϮλĴ壬ΪһǺ£˵ʦ˳ҡ
蹫ڵ۶ϾǺ³Ҫ
رԸѧƽʱȻסڵ۶ȻӰȫޡ
Ҷȥһ˺³ǡ
Щħ߿һ໥Ӧ뺮³ǵؽȻûصϢʶ¶ԷǱˡ
йϵҶ
ƹݶϵ䵭лᣬö飬ϽܣȴһӻڡҲΪʲôɣӵλʲôˡ
ҶĬվڷĽֵϡ
ɭɭҹӰ·ҷ趯Ȱ״Զɭľܵɳɳϵ·ϤϨţʰĺڰȻӡ
е׷ߣȱһ
վڸλĹ˵
µҹգϸֳЦ⣬һ˫䳺âҵ÷úܺãȻûʸμӻ񡣡
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ΪһֻɱδȫҵˣҲʸ˵ĸ飿
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ʮ꣬õһֻճѩԭȮ̡
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ѩԭȮǱϵħޣҲǱϵ
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ʮݺᣬҲֻǸսʿȻõħ޵ͬкܶ෽ʽʱҪĲֹ
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պ󣬻̵ǰҹСԸص۶ĸۡ͸ĸ
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ȻԼȥĸĸǱƶǣڱʯ·ϡ
һֻѩԭȮʬϿҧʱ̧ͷ
޵Ѫǰצӵؿڣѩ׵ƤëȾͨ죬·ѪûϹ⣬ճѪҺص䡣

Сʹؼг㣬ⰹͼôҡ
ϧûкӡ
վ󣬿һа͸Ĵ󽣣˪ַֻˡ
С棬ҧж񶾺㾹Ϊһͷɱ۹壬游Źģ
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ڷ۵ɫ¶һ΢Цǰû˻Ϊһֻħ̳ͷЩ˶һΪƽ񶼿ҸɱħޡҪֻԼڵ۹壿ȫҼһҲûνġҪвµ˶Ҫۡ
Сַŭ
ħɱɿ͵ߣȻΪ˱
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Żѡɱֻӡ
ֻצδȫƤëҲûõǹ룬ֻش󱻴֫ϲСҲֻѪʰ

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׿վʬϵӣ㵽ڣֻһӵʱĸо
£ڿлһĹ⻡ںСĲҽУѪء
䵭ͷˮ۽ʱҲδ仯Ȼ֪ʱͻø˼ˡ

λ֮ĸԺˡ
ֳز״԰Ⱦ죬ȶѪСڵϣ϶ʮߴˣջʧѪࡣ
ʮִɵǣմ˾Ƕȥʥˣ۶ܵʥְǣû˭ܾѾȫȥˡ
ʢŭ֮׷ɱ
ĶɫǱӴܻˣڵ۶·ˣӱڻ
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Ȼ֪һʧȥӱȻᵲǰ
ԸԼһֻҪû¾ͺˡ
סħޣѩɵĽ񣬿¶轵˪ѩϢ
һ룬һ顣
ѵĽĴɢıұŽ̻ͬҹɫըϵƹⱻ쵻Բʣ˪ĺĤС
Ľͣ͡
ĽгһǰشߣⱩǷڣͬŭĻ𺣣Ҫɷա

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ƳΪСҶĬ¡
ĳ˵ûУɱңֱֻȻˡ
ζ΢Ц


85 
ɭҹ紵ĶϱڲԫлصŹĺХǵģ
͢˾㣿
ҶʵʵѾȷ𰸡
ҺܵĹϵʱλ˾֣˾Ȼȫܵġ
ƹݶϵÿɷЦһ
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⻰ҶĪܡ
˳ǣҵĻһᱣһС
ҶȻҭסˡ
ڲ֪ȥ֮һ
ĵؿһۣȻ֪ԷĻΪʲôȻֹ
ܾҿ㣬ģΪƽݡûıģͳ࣬ΪЩӱǷǳֵġ
ҶȻ̧ͷ
⻰Ϥ
ҲΪ޷ıĶƲκˣ壬࣬츳
ǰǽʦ߾˵
ҲϣһΪ֪Ҳ͡
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ȻԷͶкĹо˫âޱȹܳصѹЩԴϢ
ЦһΪݣʵʵҲֻ࣬˭뵽Ŀżͼء
Եɡ
Ҷûб׵طȻѹŭֻǿѹûаνȥڱңŻԼҵĵͼҲ䵽ϣ԰ɡ
ǰŵ֪ڶͼƬԼҡ
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ҶӰʧԭء
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Ľ֮Ӳı֣ǧǧ֧͸ˮʸЮŹ̹ǵĺǰХϮȥ
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국˵ţƺ˸ǷҿԻȥ˯𣿡
ȵȣ췢˼ػعͷ˫Եӳк̵㣬õʲô


86 
ܾԺҶ֪յӢ꣬˫
µʵ߹ʹ֡
ش˰ٶ˵ٵ塣
ΪֻҪڣȻ
Ȼٶ˹أҲܵʧοǺڰŮȴûʵλֻǱĴǿһЩ
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кУëѩ׷Ʈҡ߬Žص䣬ѯᶨҡҡͷ
ʱˡ
ʵϣҶҲû˵ѡ
ٶʱ򣬺ȷʵһϢſڵϣֻǻ˵ˡ
Ķҿ𣿡
ڣȥòȴ͸һֽԶ֮⣬ȻȴѲõ·͸̬
ҶץмŽľᡣ
⶯壬Ϊһ룬͵˶Էϡ

Ƕ˫̥ͬʱɨһ۾ᣬûʲô仯
ȵٴηӦѾỹˣȻ˫˫ʧ·ûгֹ
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ٺٶһѡ
˯У˰յĺɫеòᡣ
ʱҶѾԼܣɳĵ¾Ѫƴɱ
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Źȥˣһ˸Ľ
ҲҲûǿάһ꣬Ѿһˡ
鴴ԭʯҾĿܡ
ǿܷǳǳѡ

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ȼյĹУϵһ˻ųΧˣŤ˺ڰķ档
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΢΢ͷǣ͸Źܵâ
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硭
ЩʹصҪ߰ɣҵҵ


87 
Ƴɫ䣬ҹĺ紵ɭ֣һܵɳɳ
ڿһ˵ĳ·Ͽ񱼡
Լ֪λã׼ȷ˵һöָڵĴ·
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ҹƣػصطԼħռ𶯡


93 
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ҶӽǣӨʧһֱҵɭ֣֪Ǿǿдߣ˺һϵо顣
ʵϣС˳ǰĽ׶Σʱ˯ͥҲǺ⣬ٴӵ׵ĽǶȣϣŮûаȫϵʱܴԼߣ⿴ȥûʲô⡣
ֻҶôΪ
ȻȥҪΪռͼ
ڼƻԼˣֻǲ֪ҶǷ֪ĵͼƬȥ
ϣڼһжá
ſڴϣҧűʸ˿ʼظ

ɭͥ
޹ƹǿӲԸţ˶վԶԶġ
ӨмһħռǣЩΪһ֧ʶ֡
ȻСӿʼΪʲôħռҪôС
ħſǱʯĳߴ磬ͽͿһһͬʱдˡ
Ҿǲܣ̫ˣӨ˵ܵܵ߶ħſǲǸ𣿡
֪滹дһ֣ࡣ
ƲƲ죬ҡȵȣ㿴˵ϴ˯ʱǵռǻظôܣ
ʵϣظʱںȾƣռھʱ̡
Ҳ֪ʱǼ㼸֣Բ˵̫ҲȻȻˡ
ʱռȻѾ͵޹ˡ
ڴ֮ǰǻ˯˼£ħռھĹǼ乬ͨڽӼ󳼳ϻٿֻ顪֮ǻкܶ˴ﾭиָ˿Ǹռǡ
ҲЩɻ
Өǰ˷ħռǣûз˭ʹùĺۼеĻ˱ҪдֲС

˵Ǹ˻ش˹ʱħ⡣
дսϸǼֽûпܡǸ֪ռǵģԾͶԴ˵һЩ̫õĻڶԻʶǵѣ̫ʣԾͰԼּˣȻ󻹰ռ͵
Өͷʱħ𣿡
ھɭͥĲӦоУǲȵĶߣʱҲ鼮֪ܶħ֪ʶʱħ
˶֪ʱħĹЧ
Ʃ罫ĳƷ״̬ع鵽ĳʱ֮ǰżʱħ
Ҳпܣ
аռǷȥһ飬ǸдĻظˡҲǸǳļһ
뾭׹ĳϺʹǣиͥ߶Ĺ塣
һľ顣
ġ
Ө㬵˵ۼֿʣռд˼֣ѯʴƽʱʲôԼʲôš
ľ鲢رͨʣҲûԼ˿ף֪Էʥְݡ
ȻҲûʲô⣬Ѿ಻ݵˡ
Ʃ˵󳳴Ҫǿ鷸Դ
ˣ
кȻƳռϸֳһµ֣˵ںͶħսȵȣƳǣǸطǲԶɣ
ûȥӨЩйײͬ⡣
˵䣬ڷ£˵Щźǲܡ㣿
һߵͷռǣһ￴ԼĽվ
䣿û𣡣
Өȥܲˡ
Һȥ
ٴ¿ʼܱʼ飬ҲֻΪҿҪʱܻһγʱ˯ʹˣǿԿƵģֻǻоƣ룬ֲȻ赹ҾܵĻȫԻ
ԥһ£ǵģ
׿ֻϣԶɭⲻƽС˵һûμӹأ
ӨץռǣŬڳ׵ı飬ڵش˳ȥ
ˣ·飬кʱСάֲס׺ݡ飬һһӦǡ
߹ƾ޴֦ɶĽݣĻȼ䴩ҹǻһƬž̵ͥҶ⣬һжõʫ续
ס˼ꡢ۾ִܵκһӨ˵һƶ䶼
ھܳݵĴ֮⣬ӨȰ裬ֱӴ˽ȥ
ͬʱСΪԼľٶǵǸ
ףҪȥһƳǣ
һƬϣʮɫɫľ飬ŮŶʮֻʽиգеĴ˱ʯͷڡ
׵ϣһԲؿ˹
žˣΨСɤڹþûص
Ө
⡣
ѡһʱ
ԣҲӦòһɣڶħԴԴɭֵʱʲôԸգٴνµ۹£
侲ʵ
ˡ
Ө֪ôƺעԼݣǵģҪ㡣
ĶǸ䣬ʵֻǸûСŮǣ˴űµԷ̡
ǣû˵ֻʮϡ
ӨȻʶʵҲڵԼȻûô˵ĿҲ֪̫ãҵ֪һϢǰףľ䣬ƺǱƳ׸˵صĽ͢ӵ̡εǡҵѡ
ľ˲Ŀ࿴
ǱӨΪȻǹĳŮ࣬Ʒ覴ãⲻ̫ͳߵģңд˵µ۹ѧϰʱ塣
ͨҲʲôţͨľ鵱ȻȨԼż˭
ȻЩ̳˶ԣζźǰ뾫飬뾫ԶѷڴѪ飬ȫǱֹġ
ȵĹȦһЩ£˶ΪӨٶζ޷Ϊһϸ
绪ï˭£
ֻⲻǿЦˡ
Өⷬȴúܶˡ
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ңףľ󾧣޼֮
⣬¾Ȼʶһ̣
ȥѧԺһʱ
ںܶྫУЩط̲ʲôݣΪǿħǳ⡣
һӵ̿Ҳʲô춯صĴǹµؿˣɼֻѧԺϹֵġ
ԽԽԶԽԽӣЩ˿ӨĿѾ˼־塣
Ө
ϸͶζĿ⡣
ЩϢ
Ө治ɫϽݣռǵݹȥ
֪ܸ֪һħƷǣˣҲܲµħռǡ
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ȻСͦص߳˴
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СӳĬһ£ܲµղŷʲôǸˣռأ
ռҸոա
Өû˵꣬΢΢һ¡
糱ˮϮ
һ˲䣬ƣӿ֫ٺƤóء
֣ҿȥˣҺҪ˯ˣǶԵģҺҲ桪
δ䣬Ѿڵܵܵļ˯˹ȥ

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ʱ֣һ⣬ȻϡĳУ΢ĹâӴ᣷϶͸
ʱо̫Ծ
ʲôڿ
ߵǰƿصĻȻһֻ޴ĺɫë
ţ
һֻƯľǣڵƤëȥʮʱһɵڴ̨ϣë޵β̵ͣŵâ
ֻһֿȥǵӵжβ͡
ħ
βĳֳı־˵ħеǿ߶βͣǼǿ߽׶ħսôˡ
˵ħβͣǿȥһ׳ۡ
ͷֻħ
ħҲͷ˿βͻ΢ػζһ¡
ţ
⣬еɰ
˵Ӧʥְһʾ⣬ǺͶԷ
ǣƳǸûħֹܲһΪȽǵн׶ħһֱЩνꡱδɱˡ
ĺѶ⣬ʲô
ħֱض
ħıɸӣαװԱ֣ǵ̺ǲġ
ͬΪн׶ħħ̷Ҳѷɫ١
ŸеЩ֣㡪
δ䣬ħȻתˡ
洫
ˣˣʬֻʣһ룬Ѿȷˡ
ͨҹʥʿȥҲЩƣ룬ļ˵ҪظĲۺְΪ
˵þͺ˸ȥǵָһ
Ǹǿ鷸ɱ˷ˣļҲˡͶ·ζ
վſڵĴЦһħȥˣ
ʥʿҲ֪λ̴ͷ˲Ҫģ˵뿪ˡ

ȫ֪ղֻβ͵ħʲô
̫Ҳ˯˹ȥȥռǣͷظ
ǰһӨдģСŵԼƳǺһμ䣬Ҫ¡
ڶЩϤ
Ǹشġħʦһģһ
Է˵Ө˯ûȥμᡣ
ȻħʦԭºͰ汾
ʵҲûߥС棬ԭӨߺȻ赹ģôܳҲա
ռ֮ǰʹؼһ仰
ʱĻԸҵ𣿡

ɭͥ
н´޹ԸǰźøԼ˻һֱȵ׺Щɢᣬ˽ȥ
Ȼħռǳ˼
ףСԥ˵ѾռŵȥһˣûˣҪɡ
ʵҲǳȥ
С
˼غ֡
СӾһ񣬲Щš
곤ľƺ˳˼䣬ĽëҡҷӰӳ貵ĳһǳɫ
λѡ
ħռǵķƤ
ٽǵһμĳ
У
лҪ˵СӣҴСȹӣϲ


94 
ƻʱ֣Ѥϼ˰ա
ϦͶڳУɫĽֵϱȾһõɫǻµ·˫ɶԵϽ֣׼ӭϵ䡣
ʱµ۹ϾڶħвУؾסĹǶԴ˸Ϊ̣ĸٵںʹׯָʾϣŹŸָʾСĸûĶħ
ħҲδͬһط̫ͣãҲµĶħֺ;ɵĶħ𡪡ε̴ˡ
ЩͲһѣŸʧ˿Ѱȷܺߵĸ档
ַΧ£ʵҲûʲôǵˡ
Ϊ̻ѷŵʳЩǮǿ϶ǻȥġ
վֵĽ䣬Է̫Ŀ⣬ûǼݵ¡
˴ſھȻ½½ǰѾʼĹ㳡֪Ϊʲôƺˡ
ѪӲ˿ڵĲЩ˻¶ʹ֮ɫȴҲֻǱͬе˲ǰȥ
ţЩ˵ô£
ΧһƬžû˻ش
عͷʱŷ֣ղŸԼļʦˣҲǻؼһ·ˡ
ԣڵȴ̴ʥף
ȻﴫһöĻش𣬴΢΢ʹĿ
ֽһ֦Ҷïиů͸֦Ҷķ϶߲߰
һͷŨܵĳԺ΢βһֱ䵽ͦһԳļӷ˿֧ȻǸ顣
ݽûڹӰУ鿴ƺĳС
˼ǣǲԸң߽Ǹոմﾭֻרŵʱҵף
Ų̫ȷ˵
Ϳҹİţе̶Լйصǲ֡
ѵ𣿡
Σת
Щ˾Ǹ𱨳꣬ͷκʥְ߸һλ̣Ϊ˿ڻ䡣
Ӻܸߣһʮֻĺɫ˿ۣ½°ŽߵĴ壬ҫĽ߹ճ֦ҶïƣҶƬͲ֦辣ÿһϸڶ澫
⣬ǼΪãҪ˵ȹװƺҲûʲô⡣
ȻΪ䣬˶ʽķװ
ƳֵطȻҲûиˣĴȻۡΪ·ʵƯȴñ˾֡
Ѿµ˭ˡ
ֳ̿ǵ˵ǻдǵķʽϤ
ЩɳӰ֪ڷʲôĻĵԷ֣ллˡ
Ͼħռˡ
Щ޵ؿһۣȻ̵֡
Ϊʲô飬Ϊ㿴ˣΪ㲻͵κǣ߷ӽˡ
ţ
ʵҪǺԭ
Ͽϵģѣֲǽ顣
ҪǣȥķֱЩˣǱʲô˵ָϻõʲôߣһǸħɵأ
ҲΪʲôľ鲻Ͽ㡣
С²ۣΪЩ֪ͺãҪ˵֪жô
𣿡
鲻ÿɷغһ
ķɫںڣƤ𪣬ݕi㣬䣬˫۾ΪǣĤ̵òԴΣĿȴʮַ
·𺮶еķ絶ѩ
Ҵûͨı˶ҵĿ˵ʵҲں
û秵קŹϳǻķҲֻĵڡ
ǣ͸һζڳ̬һȴ˸оᷳʻ˲١
Ͼһﲻ˵ʱ򣬼ֱһľ
һֱô˵𣿡
ž˵ǲƽʱ̫˵ͨ
ԸˣͲܰĽ
̵ʱ䣬ѾӴָʿЩǵصĴ͸еˣ˶ʥְ⣬Ϊе֮¶ԱƵģ
ðɣ֪֮ܲ˿ڣҲܸʣָһһβв̫ˡ
Ƴǵӵû̫ʥְߣʥͽܹҲͶʮֻһλҲæŵЩħ˻ʦˮƽޣʱźò״ܻϢһҪЩǮ˵֢
ǣʱôͶ⣬ֻΪҪǮ
δôǺ´̵ѧȱǮĻֻҪ˵һеǹԸǮҲŲթǡ
ҳ֮⣬һЩֺ뵽ƭƭȵļһֶδһž͵زٵ͵Եĵȵȡ
˺µĴˣžͽƽˡ
ϴαħߵǸ֮⣬û˭
ҲԵغǰľദӨл𣿡
ͥʲôأ
鲻طʵʱħΣ
ԭȤĵط
ͷߵţֲħʦȻԸӦԼμᡪ
ðɣܶԷȥϡƧħʦ󣬵Ǿڳ֣⣬ǿǧ꣬˶ԱֱȽò
ڱഺһ棬κһĳˮƽ󶼿Դﵽ
ھԣƽӹЩħһ;ҲЩ
⵱ȻԼ˲ͬ
ȫǸߵȻ飬;ĳԣɭ־ľϵԪ׺ͣˮԪ׺һ
˵ʱħ
ſʼԼǰʱָֻܻ״̬ٵһսֹͣ˱˵ʱ䡣
ӣ;Ŀڷ¡
ɫ谵
ƳǳĹ㳡ϣѾؾۼˣ㳡ϵļȪħƣƹ͸ɫĲֱð쵹Ա߻żʦǱŷٺͳѴɣʮʵˮ߸ԶԶȥôһյա
ҹĻʱҲĻ
ĵ¥ϷΪӳһϵ֤㳡е˶Ļ
һγ滰ѴСĶħĳ淢֮ͣһ£ʾ̴ҪҴ͸
㳡˲Ϣ֮䰲
ʵڴ֮ǰûкܶҲ֪ǵʲôУ٣ȻҪڣȫȴš
Ȼλò̴˳ڸ̨ϡ
Ϊϵ󲿷˿
ȻƳǵشϾ˾ٲоѪͳģЩ˷׷׵һ
ֺ̹ÿ˰ɣ
ܿǾûʱп̴˵òˡ
һ룬ʥĹкɫľ֮ˮȺˢ˸ǵ㵭ɫĹߣͬ׹ǳ
ɫĹ򽥽ͣһģĹΣȻû븽ľ
ҵ˺ˣ
Ǹħµ˿ʧˣ
¡
˾˺ֱϵɴϻѪȴˡ
ƿ·ǰΪӬħץ˶µ˿ڣһֱڸôδϣʱѾӰˡ
Ƶ˷Ⱥлص౥ĥңߵҲжӯ
Щû˵ˣʱҲþܶˬΧ˵ĺ̲סߴͶȥηĿ⡣
Ȼ󣬿ʼ¹
лΰĹ񡪡
⣬л̴˵Ĵ͸
ŵһ¹ߵ׵ĶǽӶЧǰݵĶ˳ӿƬƬ˰ݣʦǶеη̨
գ֮䣬㳡ϾȻֱˡ


95 

վ¥ĸ̨ϣ鸴ӵؿǵĶ
ߵйԱǻ㵭ǲ̫ô׳۵ľ󣬵Ƕϰ˱˵ĹݣֻǾҪΪղŵʥף
ʵϣЧʩ˵ҲԼͦ˲ġ
ʥ֮ĵʦҲֳ˵֡
Ȼڵ磬ηʹʥְǣֻһֱַʽˡ
һǳȴȻָо
Ҫˣȴ˰ס˼
ͣ¡
öɤ΢΢ѹͣƮɢҹѵǲøлϸ߽ʥôĸǷΧ㶼赹˰ɡ
ʱҪĲǱ˵ĸлֻôѡ
ƳһۣӸ̨еλóֱǹߵ׷ĸо
΢Ц¿ˡ
ȷʵôġ
ΪǴ͸һͳĿʥְ˵Խ͢ڲ֮⣬¼ûʲôǱġ
Ʃ˵䣬Ȩܾġ
Ȼٷ֮ʮẉ̂Ǵ̻̣ͨƹֵܵӵ϶ܾĹ
Ͼְһ֡˵ʵڲȥĻµ˲μҲûϵ
Դӿ̰֮󣬴žͿʼĥʥ⡣
Ҫһʥͬʱ˫Чַ
һǱһʥԣĬһȻδغϣаѾӴҲԣͿʥְԼıˡ
˵˫ʥͷţŻȥγ̣ΪЩϸʩʱҪע⣬ʥֻɹһ
һ־ʥֻͷһʥЧ
Ͽεʱʦ̸һ൱ġʩҪȽϸߵĲÿҪɵЧͬȼͬҲЩϸڲͬ
ֻк̵ܶʱ׼;ʥںһ
໹ǰ뾫飬ľǶͨˣ֮׺ͶеȣϴǶħµ˺䣬ħ޻ʲô¼ѡ
ΨһѵֻǸǷΧнʥЧͬʱӳ
ȻҲͷʥֻƸƺ˺ܶ࣬Ǵžҧһʥŵһμʱ򣬺
ʥ˽Ⱑ
˼ؿľ顣
߲ÿɷؿһۣҼóʹù֮ˣҲܹһЩ
뿪ֿ֮ܿʼݽ㳡ϵǺܿ¿ʼ졣
ҲһЩ
ζطʵ
üԼػشһ㻹վס𣿡
վסҲ赹ûô
ֻǸоһݵϹһͺˣҲǸӾħʹߣָⷽҲܿ졣
ᡪ
δ䣬̨ǵĽǼۼŹ͸̵
˶žƱİ·һƺԼңĳϵռǸʦûʲôģû֮⡣
ſòŮŮ·˲࣬ûٶ࿴ڶۡ
̴ˣȵȡ
ȴסؿʵھˣ
Ŀƣס˶Է۾𣿡
⼫ΪͻأһӦԶԷƣİĻ⡣
˱쳣òŮţ˫͸̻ϵ峺·һ˲˵Ĺâ
ҽˡҽ顣
Ժ˵ֻ飡Ů˼ƲҾͰˣռӵλãôҲ²

Χžš
̨ҪԺǳſڸ¶̨Ͽ羰Ĺǣȫ˶ɵˡ
ţǸҺöྪϲ
ħ鼮ŵҲֹ̽һЩݣ̶ֳȵĴֻ൱ģϾľÿܸ֪˲Ÿҷųħȥ
ֻǣΪԷ˵һЩôȥȥ桱ݣû뵽
㣡
΢һЩʶԼղ˵ʲôɫȥ
ǸˣֻƳǻģ˶þͻˣСͷᣬ˵Ҳûʲôʶ
ԼòڶԷֵôλ̴鶼ûУΪԳɹͬǰºڣû뵽Ȼðһ飬ѼƻˣԲǰơ
ʲô
ŵذ֣Χˣڸ̨ŭ壬˵Һ˵ҸղŲ֪Լ˵ʲôŮ˿ңԣ
һ룬˺ȻеľƱȻ󾪿ֵغ
Ǻܴ󣬶Һһͱֹ
һǼ֦ӿ֦農ÿһƬҶѪݵͨ죬־־Ŵ죬Ѫϴӿ
ͽ͵֣ȥʲôȴֻץһſ
ֵĦй𶯡ѵԴԴϵشڴ
֦֫չ̲һֻϸ֦һһشصغͣЪţļƤ
Ѫ֦Ҷ¶ڿУѪβ׹ڵϡ
ݵ֮Χʼܿ죬ס˺ǵͣСүҲбˣֻ澪ֵǸľ顣
еӵ˶ܿľϵħ
˲̵ħħķ»ᱻΪħһ࣬һѧԺͨħ鼮ҲҲġ
ǾͲˡ
ڷ۵ľ飬Ȼɭ־飬ǶľϵħθߣľԪɸͨʦ޷ħ
ƳĵطĴ壬¥ϾۼĶײ¼׾̼塪ƴųңֻǴŻҪһЩ
Ƕʶʲô
ͬһклˣеۣҲеҲеˣ̴飬Ƕֶβ̡
ڣǸòi޳ľ飬µվһԡ
ûзŭҲûп⣬·һ㣬ֱָ˾ͷ䡣
Χ˿ʼʶˣЩ˿ǸùĲ״ֱſ¶̨ϣһͷ˳
һ𾪵Ҳ
ڼʹҲе㽻飬λ̴˻һ磬˴ڳһȻ̬
ˣֶĸĸ߻ˣƽͲɺ£û뵽ȻǶΪǲţû뵽
ԥһ¡
ʵҲ̫ȷľ鵽ŮŸƫǰߣһͺΣɴˡ
Ҫлλ³ˡ
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Щ۵ҡҡͷϣ´²Ҫ˵İæˣǽЩ˴˶ǡ
ΧһƬž
Щǰӵţλ̴˵һħҵСүȥڷү֮ǰм¼ŭų˵˻ŻҲҪԴ
ǴоʵҲΪ֤ݲ㣬ҽܺ˵ᶼˣܾЩҲвû֤ټɵǼҺ½ЩϵվôŪȥˡ
ⷬʵڰʾǼ£
Ȼ򺩺ƳʱһЦݣʼæ˵Ѿ֤ݣҵļȫˡ
ţ
һﶯͦ졣
ʵٺЩ˾ͷʾԼ֪תһֱĬľˡ
λ鷨ʦ̧°ͣƺмںκ˶ӣ˶Ҫߣڳ̬ʱԵĿˡ
ʱǵͷɨһۣĿŮϸָӹҲû˦ֻ֣СｫԼǰߡ
¥ϱдӴˣʱһȫ鸴ӣոռ֤ǸĲֶΣۼ߹ҲҴ뿪˿
ѵʽӵףſڵȺߣ¶һϯµİɫȹװ
ǳѪ¶̨ϣﻹһƬͣĴصǻȻδֻ˱ջĺסȻ¶
ΧŸڵʳӸϵĿ⵽ըиʽʰ쵵㣬ͰװűƺѾƣﶼŨ
Ǹ㾭Щ¡
ŸսһƣҪݸԵľ飬߿ŲҡεľҺϵ
Ǹҽˣڣ
ӸµظǰŮȻ̬ŵתĹ۾̨ȥҲվЩ˵С


96 
ĬĬջҪݾƵ֣űӸߵ̨ϡ
ͣ
͸ҡҷɴĻϡԿһվ¹ǣ֪ΪʲôǺȻֿˣȻֵԶȥˡ
ţ㶼þħ𡣡
ħ
˹˵ţһϴ̨ڰʯǰվֻǰĿĵĹߡ
ڷԡɫ»УӰʫ续ͬͯؾֵ顣

ʶԼûҪ£һ˸ңʥħһֶΣȥʹѾڵĸ֮Ԫؾ顪ٽۣдһƪˡ
Ϊʲôħһ;ѧϰûʲôջ񡣡
صħۣǵ͵˷ʱľٶӨǸɵӡ
ŶʱĿ˷˺ܶʱѧϰϣ
Ҫ˵ûô𣿡
ǾԼʲôŲͬ˵ۿγ̵ĿԲ˶ġЩԼѧܶЩȥħۣڷʽħУԪؾ鹵ͨļɵȵȡ

Լ˵Ӧ֪֮·߲Զġ
֮ҾӨҲ֪ܲҪЩۡ
ȻҪ
鵭شСͶʵĿʱ˵ΪҽħҲⷽ治Ǿ޽еţҲҪЩ׸ۡ
죬ǣ
ŷԼȻû֡
ǼѾСʱڼ󲿷ʱ䶼̸֮󡪡
ħʦĸף
ⲻѲ£԰ɣ
鸩˫ıɫͬҹľ֣ǹɢУþĶǡ
ȻֻһƧŹֲȺħʦҺܿҡЩ࣬˳ٱеĳһ¡
ţĴ𰸶ǿ϶ˡ
оԼԴҪըˡ
ְļһ·ǸĿ˵ľ¡
Ͼ֮⣬˭Ұѹºɵӣ
οԷѾˡ
㣬£ʵҲһ㶼ûµ
鸴ӵ˵
ݵ𾪹Ҳܿ侲Ͼ;ˡһ̶ϳĽ٣񽵶²۹ˡ
ĺƯ̹Ȼ˵˵Ĺ¡ţƵǷ绪ԣĵһۣҾ룬ĸֵܱ𣿡
΢΢üⷬûз
ʵϣֱܷԷ˵滰ٻȷʵʵʵ˵ԾƷûʲôĸȻòһȴӹɡÿǺÿ
ȻˣŮһ䣬Ϊǹ£ǾɭͥλҪ˵Լݣ˵мҡ
Ϊʲô
ʵ
̧ͷʱʢ¹⣬ͶңԶ񷣬ղ֪ڷʲôˣֻĳЩα޳ܵļһŻηηͷ¶βߣʵݶ˵
ͷˮؿ֪Էλ޵УǸ£Ҳ֪ûпռᵽ£Ǹľ󾧡
ҪţԵȤȱȱףҲϣ䵽Щ˶ĵ޳֮ͽĻҲûϵ
Һܸ˳Ϊﲻ޳֮ͽҲ˶ĵˡ
С١
ʵľҲûкܶô
ÿսʱͬʱʹõޡеϷÿɫλǹ̶ģҲΪħ˫ûʲô壬Ϊ޵ʱֻʹһһħ
ȻⲻǾԵġ
Ʃ˵ҶǸӾͿһ˲һýսŲǿռ䷨ʦ֪ͬʱУ˲ý֮ЧԶһսʽ
ΣľϵħҲǼ켸¾ѧģܵСС̶ֳȣǾԿԸսûôʱ䡣
ؿһۣ㻹ڴʲô𣿡
С޹ػûݴʣ
ӸµƳβ΢΢ǣ¶һЦЦı飬Լȡɣɲ
ðɣʼ磬һ£֪ܶǰһŽʧ֮أȻǻһݵͼ
ԼҲٽܱģλ֪ͣܲʧ֮ʲô
ҵȻ֪
ȻףҲǺܸȤ˱ֵЩ䵭
ǵͼûʲô壬ǡϲռңʧ֮Ҳˣҵһ̶·ףϸ˵ͼҲеղؼֵ
Ų֪ĳʲô֪ҶҲҪͼ𣿡

鲻䣬˫Ư۾ȴӿͬ˪
ԭҶͼΪ죬ûӦʱ򣬾ͳֱ¶ԼϣԷеԸ
Ȼ֪ҶıŮ֮¡
ȻҶӨ֮ҲѹϵҲҶĳЩ뷨ӨûǸ˼ԴҲȷ֪֪Ȼڴǿ϶ˡ
Ҫʧˡ
˵ţ·Ҫ˪ˣǲֵͼ壬ǽͼ׸ҡ
һʧΪͼһѾҺҵġѻٵˡ
ͣһ£ʱȥ¡
£ĻҿȥһеǲֵͼҶҪõĳʧ֮أٵõĿꡣ
δ䣬Ͽʼ̻ˡ
Ż¥Ĵ̨ϴ磬ͷҹɫԶƳǵУȻʮž޴Ĳɫ
ѣ˿ͬɢĻ꣬βһʱж̻ĹУҫ÷
㳡𻶺
ֳ˵ʵһҲֻһأζֱħʱвƳϽľ˵־Ǻ˷ˡ
е˿ʼӵǣǽű˴˵֣ͷе̻ʮָͷԸĳš
֪
һƬУöɤ
ҹа쵵̻ɢӿһƬڵĹ⺣̨ҲڳůĹâУƯĲӳޱ
ԳԺȺĹ帻ǣҲвߵ˸Ĺ۾̨ϡ
ûκߴս֪Ϊ˵֮ǰ¹ʻΪħӰ졣

ŴӶݵʧоѣţ˸ңǸֳĲֵĵͼָʾ˽ʧ֮ص·ߣҵǺʧ֮ΨһһǿεĽȺ
ʵ֪ʲôط
Ҳһ㶼֪Ҳϳʿ֮ˣ¾͵Ҳ֪ɣԸͽ̵Ļ
䣬֪ھº
Щ޵شڵ״̬żе鷳
ֹе鷳ȥͻᵱаɡ
֪ЩͷۣԪػȫҪôԼܱԪأҪôýȫҪСĲܾ˵桪
Ľ㹻޳ɽˡ
˵⣬ʱħ츳ֻЩϣ޷Щʩ̵ġ
ţʱ򻹻Щϡ
˵ǰһ仰ʲô˼

΢΢ͣһ£ʶ˵˭ʱʱ¶ӵļһﶼû֮ƵĸƷ߼ܶʱûй
֪ŵȻһ㣬ֻЩްˣڣصղǸ⣬ҾһܱΪʱ䷨ʦֻǸ츳˶ѡ
ܵʱ䣬Ҳֹͣ˵ʱ䡣
ŵ̧֣ӵĽɫǽڷ˳ָͣڿУֻͻᴥŮĶͷ
óʲôɡ
̨ϺȻ׵ؾһ΢磬Ųľеķҷ㡣
һ룬ʮ̡ᾼϸ֦צֱϮߵš


97 
ȫһʼϲĹ
ʱգѾս˺Ҷ˫˫ַŴеһΣͶħһɱ
ˣķӦٶȶû͵Ϯ
ھͷǰһι͵Ϯɡ
ŵһظܵڼµٶǰеķӦ;鶼ǰ״ġ
һƬʹУѪɫǰӿ
֦ͣ˿УѾ΢شѪεδ˳ۿ䣬˳ʶһƬȡ
иֳϸĽɫ΢⣬žʵʻҲűĳͣ͵ʱ䡣
΢΢һ㣬Щ֦ȻͣԭմѪļ̽Ⱦźɫ
̧ϿȥǽѧĻҲֱ̫ˡ
źⲻǡ
˼ضȻ˵ȻûʱֹͣķΧڣֵЩ֦
ʲôо
û˵˵أȻۡ
ΪŵĳͽѧѾôˡ
ڴžջԼ뷨ŵȻǸˡûвϹ۾ҵʱһʧܣ˵ҲԼ
û̬ȶʵκ˱ôԴ¶ٺҲΪ⡣
һʵ顣
΢΢һʦ˵ΣʱնٸħͨҲֻһַӦʹó֡
˼գգ۾֪Ҳܶʱħɣ
Լ˶Է˼
ΣͷͨķӦѭܡ
һѴ֦ʱкܶӦԷܣܣߴ֦ٻֱӸԼЩԵҲһС
Ȼղǲ̫ˣ쵽йٵĲ׽ȫ˼
ʱħûоϵͳѧϰΪҪ޸ķӣڸղִԽհ׵£ȻȻٿصرʹˡ
Ϊֻ޸ֹͣ˵ʱ䣬ֻΪΨһɹʹùʱħ
ĿϬؿһۣղкֽܶʱٵĶҲĿ꣬ʽǼʱ䣬ֹͣʱ䣬߼Լʱ䡣
ԥŵ˵ͷ˼ǣұܵءѡֹͣʱ䣬ʱħóģĲ׼ȷ𣿡
֦ڵķΧʱֹͣһӦԵķʽȻ֦ʱǺˡǼԼʱ÷ӦͶҲһ֡
Լϵʱħûɹ
ûɡ
ףĴ𰸳ģֻҪάʱͣȫ֮⡪ͿӦ
ͷ
ӿһֵĸоܾ鲻̫Ծ֪µ۹۶ܵ͢ʧԵ𣿡
²СЩӽ͢˵ҲһȤ¡
𣿡
طʵӨңҶǲֵͼ׼ȷ˵ѯʹ֮ǰеͼˣǵľסλá
ŶʱȻ
֮ǰ¾ͲµˣֻΪҶûֱᵽͼԲȫȷϡ
Ҳһ𰸡ҶȻ֪ķݵͼλá
ҲͲĹȱıʼǣȻеϢ͸¶ŻȥӨȷǸ߾סʲôطϾټɲֹһƬɭ֡
ԭδִԸӨҶһˣСҲû¡
Ҳ֪µ۹ܵʲôһ֪ҶƳǡ
˹˵ֻ˵֣нס񣬡ಫͺ둡
̵س˳ǣǵսõһͿҸ˵λǿ߶ܸܵǳսȻδÿ˶ȤȴҲָЩеĵļһͷβ
ţ
ʵڲ֪˵ʲôá
ǳսԲҲˬ졪ðɣʹĹҲˬֻҪ뵽սζԼҲûҶ˺Ƭ˵Ľ֣;һ
ȻҲǰˡ
кܶڿ𣿹᲻Ҳڿţ
ӦòɣôţϾҲ򲻹ԼֻǸʹ񲿷࣬Ҳû
ΪԼҵĵͼ
ػ⣬ٵǲ֣𡣡
ÿ϶˵ʾ䡣
ŵ˵ͷ
ҲԷ֪ͼߣϾżе඼ˣĶǵĺĺĺ
ȻȻĲˣĴҲǵĶŮﱲЩʲô֪Ҳȥʼǡ
ǵġ
δΪʲôҪҪ֪ΪħˮƽֻҪżͿˡ
˼ظָıʯָΪĻ֮ԭ裬Ǹѱõĳ˵ϡٲ̫ʺϱʹãֻܱƷ
΢΢۾ʲô
һֱںûϸ鿴ԭĴ𰸣ѵҪ𣿣
鴴ԭʯ
ƳһۣƺڱӺߵĴСֻ֣Ǹ֪࣬֡йصĴڣӨ˵ϸ֪ڰȻֻһ˲䣬Ȼܹʲô˵ָʹ
ǵģ
Ǳָĺڰ֮ŮָʹȥǸ
ԭ򣬰ٶˣӦΪĵߡ
żѣҪסԼҲӾħʹߣֻҪάסԼǽͲ˸оļ
ô
δ䣬Ų
ԽԽƺԼģ˵Ǹ
帻඼žƱȥ̻ˣտյģֻʣǼˣ˱ӸʥʿΪۡ
ˡ
ʥʿҲһƳ˴ţæ߽ӵݸħƷָҪϡ
ԷлϾŵϢſҲδɣһˡ
ʥʿæҡͷֵڵģϾܱ߶ħţʱҲиҪлΪǷʮĹʡ
ûʲô
һռӰҪǮ磬Ȼʲô⣬ƺΪжħ͸ҵĶ
˵Ǵӵ۶ܹᴫ͹ȥģʥʿգգ۾֪ħʱһҵ񣬱ϾǵĹ֮䶼дЩԸǮ˶Խõġ
ʵҪ
Ʃ˵һҪǮĳеħֱӽܹᣬô൱ֱӴ͵۶㳡ϣһ¸˭ȥ
ƷҲˣ⻹һ㣬Ϊ󲿷ʱħ˻м飬ΣյЩΧ˺ħƷصٺҲħķʦǶ鲻ҪҲϿԴⶫȥκεطˡ
ʥʿ뿪Ժ󣬴űӻص̨ϡ
̻ĹԽɢȥ¶̨ٴ¹⣬㳡ϵҲٴ
ܻصžӡ
ʲôΣƷĻиҲ԰æһ˺
ǣ
𾪵óľᣬƵƤֽдŹڽݣҵĽص䡪°벿
лҪ˵BYȥ˻Ҫıx


98 
賿ʱ֣δ
ƳǵȻһƬˣȴ֣¥ͨǾڹ㳡ϡ
ħҲ⸽
һСеķֹģҲǶȥˣҲֻʣֵħʦ
ʱ˻˯ſڹ̨棬߽ʱǻ̫ѡ
һŲ۾Ƿ̧ͷ
㱼䣬ƳӵĽɫ¹ƣЩ˿ߣڵƹҫ۽ԡ
̴ˣ
æͬ¡
Ǵǰ֪ǧӵ۶ҲΪλӵ۶̴ˣֻ֪̺ͷǼĶħ
񣬵Ϣͨ㣬ûвл˴ڵġ
źǴ˸кյһݡȣӵ۶Ʒ֪˭𣿡
һʦ̵ͷתȥ¼ȻƷһм͡ǲǵƷֻҲЩ߼˿ṩĴ񣬴Ҳ⣬ֻҪǮࡣ
Ȼ˵λ˿͵֣ħߵǼǵļļҲֻС
ŵܲµ֡
ǰһգڽܵ͢ѵ˼ѪԵϵ˵ֵĽصֻϰ벿°벿ҸۡĲС
ʱ˵׾͸

ܵڵĽʦᡣ
Ƴط˲࣬ʦħһƽֵ̣ʱ򣬴ʱҲΨֵսʿڴ˯
ڣǶˡ
̴˶˵һϣֱϵĽʦռչʾҪס
æҵؿԼ䲢ħ
һӺȺĽâձѣõѩʯʼȻ渡ֳѺۡ
սʿǿ˿ʯֿ˿ħ󣬷ĽѾʾˡ
׾ǡ
һսʿز˼飬ϵؿħȥŵ
λ̴˵òʱΣصҲ̫ˡûгɣ
µ۹һţ£ʮʱҲû춯صˮƽ
⣬ǰǻ鿴˴ŵĻռǣǽʦ
ǵ׾ǡʮɵĻһսʿԣѾðˡ
⣬һսʿžηı飬Ҳûﵽֻ߽Ϊδս񡣡
ڴӶݵлˡ
ȻϿһֱûô䶯Ȼô˵أǳϡ
ʱżȥϿΣմαһαһμ
˵ˣΪĶλѾ嵽տζξͻҫʱӦҲһЩн߽׵ͬѧˡ
ûһֱʤģܶα̫죬ȥֵĽλΪԼֱ˴Ӯ뵥ˢˮĶ֡
ڿƾԼʵӮġ
ţ
л㱵ǵлȻӡµսʿռǡ
Ƕ׵ΣһһãÿβĽɣܹѽһâǰĻռǣ·ҫһŸ΢Сâǡ
׵ı׼ҪǽǿȣǿʱᱻޡƩ˵߱˵ʣ۳񣬾ͿȫӽӦе
ϾνĽ񣬾ǽʵ廯ܳʱڡ
Ʃ˵Ľ൱ýһһģһԼ
ֻǽֳַʽһ֣Ľʵâ̬Ʃ˵ûһֻâ۵ֱۣȻֱӽйܷӵͲٱļޡ
︺Եսʿ͵
ҲûôŶԽһ֪Ͼλ̴˱糣ϵһĻ㣬ְĽǶȣΪԱ񽲽һ¡
ŵ˵ͷЩãؿԼ֡
ղŵĲԣûѪҺء
⣬̲סǰƳʱ
˵ֻһʱ䣬Լܳ

ΪǸͻصݣſʼƵ뵽񣬻֮ĸֶԻ
Ʃ˵ص²ڼҸۡ
ǵĴȥ͵ûҪѣ˵滰ôص²ֱķŵһǷʶ֮
⣬мµʱˡ
е˰Ѷ͹ܿǰ͵õĳָʾڡûйͽ͸ĳĳˡ
һֿܡ
᲻û
ǣûȴԸѶĸҲϣΪѾʲôô
𰸺̫ס
ȥԴҲкܶ⡣
ϾһֿҲ̫Ծ
ΪǷڡܻͬʱĴŵòص²ᡱǰ£ֲǼսʥְԶԱҲҪѧϰԪػʱܻҷķʦõԼʱֺ֡
гУƩǸ˵δޣǽ֮ԺŮǸϲȻĳˡ
·Ƶĳ˿ֹܻһ
ƺӲЩͬھƽƺҲͦģΨһΪҶ
ǴȥҶīͫԼҲûʲô⣬ΪīͫɱȫңǣĽǶȣʹɱҶҲΪԷпܷɱġ
ҶɱΪҶһ֪ġ

ԽԽҡ
Ĺ㳡ɣӵǵǻо񣬵˳
ӹ߳һƳǽǵӰһˣĳλվһߣ·ԸֻȾ۾
䵭һƬֵĹ㳡˫͸쵵ƻ˸ȥסĵط
ڳμ˵Ҫ̫ܲǡ
ǴȫûЩеûġ
˵ͷһֱӣӰһԾ˸ݶ
ȵ紵ԶȥܱߵĽֵտյŮӰǰҹɫﻮķԾС
֮ȺĽڿڻȼչĻҽ
ͣЪֱӴӽֵľƹݶһϷĳ͹Ĵ̨¹ĴʯΧϻ뿴ȥˡ
˵ͬսʿ·ٶȱȷʦ˺ܶܶ࣬ǷʦԪػ״̬Ҳϵķʦдٶȼӳ֡
Ȼһ
ʱǲ̫ˣ
ϵķﴵöɤ
Ȼת̨ڴļĻϡ¶ǰվ޳Ӱ
ŵԭأӴ̨΢΢ָ֣Ժеĵͼ
Ŷ˵ӣֽ̿ͷʼͼ
Ӻŵͼ꣬е·߷ϸϸܵעһӦȫ
нӹʣʼʣµǰš
ͼܹķݣֻܻܵ͢Լҵ֣ľͻҵĲرϵǣͼȫˡ
Ҫĵͼ
±ֱ˹˵ڵһμԭʱ򣬾ϵͼΪҽǵðչ̣ʣǲҲֱӸ㲹ȫ
һϲ˸¡
֮ǰӨдռʱС£ĸľһһ²
ôţֻ¾ܲͼ
ƳһۣΪȥ
Ů̧ͷ
һ㡪
ͣһ£ż񽵵ҲۿۣܻźҼ棬԰ɣ
鸴ӵسĬһȻл
á
˵ҲֻΪ˰㡣
£ѾʧӰ١
Ϊĺǣĳֻر
֮⣬ʱ벻Ľˡ
ҹ̨ĻɫΨԶ㳡ϵƹ˸


99 
ٵʱΣȻδ
ѷǧУħԴԴشɭðפصʥְǽͷöԮϴӸȻҲ޵ġ
ɭֻһħɢأƬ񼣴½ϣѷӸֵط֣Ȼʥʿȴڶʱڼ
ˣ˴ǰ͸ַ˶ħĲþʿ֮⣬ʿŶʼϳ֣˳ͽ߻ʥͽǣҲ˸ıƵľţһͶŵغͶħɱ
Ƴǵ̴żߡһжӵʥʿ١
ŵλϾҫõۿۣ˿ռָڿ԰ѳҪڴһѽҵľ
ȥӢ۵ĦԼĵ
Ͼ֮Ҳճ˼̬ɫľ͸룬Ҳôʧ档
ĵ񼸺˹ĵһ
Ʃ˵бλͬѧֱӰһָ̧ƣҺôŲ桪ͬѧɴһ˫ָ̬

Ų֪ǲǹġ
ͬʱҲӵԼĵ
²һл˵ԼƳǵľ޺ճͽ˼ûС̱˲òرͶħɼܡ
߱ϽССĳׯɭС·κһ깡
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൱һֻǸַʦҪڶϲöӦĴ󲿶ӡϾ⽫һǷȥ̽·ġ
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þɫʥʿƷϣȻһֱʮֵʥռǡ
ڱչʾʱͬһȼգ԰׵ĹâɢƳģĽɫߡ
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жʥְΪԼ˳ͽ䣬Զħʱʥûųͱš˲ӻøҡ
ͽԭʥְ־֮ڹ֮ġƵĿȼա
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ĸ˵ͷ˵ȫҶʥְߣ˫׶ʿŵͨԱӰɽһս͢ȫʤ˸׷ӱӴܵҳԱ
һ˵սʿʹ̿ͣǵѵѡμΪϿпᣬЩӳԱǰһѡģƽѪҶҺġ
ܹ־ܣûз
ҳԱȴ˹󵱳սû취ܼ֣صΧʿŵĴųˡ
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֪ȥͨӵ۶ȥ½ʥʿ඼ˣгġ걻ɱ˸ĸߵʦǰĲ֪Щ˱뽫ʬء
⣬ӰɽѺ䣬ʿһֱи׷ɱͨĶ飬ǲѰ޹żҵҲûܽɱ
һɱ˺ѵĴӳ
źһ񶾵ʹ飬ȻһźԼûгˣһлмɱǼһ
˺ܹܿ¡
Ҳѹ֣Ͼܱ˾ʥǱţܶסʥǵʥְ߶ʥҲ˵
Ŷλ鹫ҲЩ棬־𣿡

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һűˡ
һ̧ͷͿ˱ʦ㡣
½Ի˾ųװ񣬲þʿеɫӡԶеʥ뽣лռǣ۵Ŀĳ·ʱϢĬվǰλ
ʶȷľųڣӦǾų·
Ͼ㳡Ͻ̻ʱҲսǰԱЩ߲ʥʿҲҪһڲͷȻҪɾų·
ϧǣλС⡣

ٴһƬš


100 
½վʮû˵ֱֻض棬˷·һƯµĵܡ
ΧӳǵԽԽ֡
Ǵ˵Ҳֶֻ֪ѣȫû뵽ô
˵
ʵҾôҵ뷨ࡣ
ڿȥˡ
˵ڳÿ˶ɱĶħൽ޷֪Ȼһηǳʱ⣬ޣԮٳٲΨжħԽԽ࣬ӸֵطðûʱԷûʱ˯ÿ춼ˣҪЩʲôƵıԹҲ硪
ӳ˵¶εͬ飬Ͼȷʵģ޴
˵öԣ
˴ӳӣЩ֣ǸϿңԭŲߣӸǮ٣ڶ췿ӾͱħˣĻӡ
ǰôܹǣ
һ˴ӳҲðǸݵĹϹһµӣɢȻǸǸκ
ѵЩҪǮȴԼ
Щ쵰ħǵΣʲô¶ǸǿЦҪ˵ЩҲˡǵǮǡ
и뾫ЦЩ˰ӣʲôʸָǵı֣ƾʲôҪǣֲǷǵģ
ԽԽ󣬻ԽԽƫ
ȿȣλȻҶѵսʱڣǽ๤ҪǱ˴˼²Ҫྴ壬ǲû˵
æ⡣
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ЦΪǾо𣿡
ǰ֮ǰҲǸжӳһðѷĿ󶴡
ǰǸ׷ӳΧصشĶħֻСӡ

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žʦߣµغкλദΣ
ȷкüλָӣ½ֻиʥʿһۼĶֱ£иʥͽһλ˾ԼħʦˣӦѾȿһ飬ȻȥԵ¡

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Żû˵ȻͬһؿԼ
ǰϾɣɭǱߣܽ
ͬһһŮеŮԴʱʼ˼;
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˶ʱһȤ
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ţ
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лл
΢΢ǣΪرҪһ£ϱһͨӰħӡ
һ£ͬΧӳɵˡ
ʲô
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ȵȡ
иӳһĪǻɵؿʩ߶ˣǻʲôãѵİ鶼ܸ֪

Լ˲롣
ܣҲֻǺӴܸоĴڣǰǰάԼƲġ
ͣһ£ǸūӡˣŵĻҲ˸֪ĴڣѰϢҵ㡣
ţ
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ӡĴڣһŽʧ֮أҶ»ǼһǸռ䷨ʦ׷𶼺óʱҪߡ
ǰǸʮĵū


101 
ǰҵĹ֪ԼЯӡ
ϸ˵ʵһ¡
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һСʱ䣬취ǰӡĻҲԤ
ҶҪҲԹնԷƭ塣
ھôҪȿӡܷ
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һӳû˵ǲҪæӡ
˻ڽֽ˵һֱʥְЩԶԱЩֻסʥǵˣЩӳʱ׷Ƿ
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һͬҲɵĻ˵Ǽ١
˶Ͱг˵һʱ䶼ʼıۣǵ뷨Ҳȷʵе
㲻ûɣܺƽؿţΪûӡ
ӳʱĬˡ
һһ䣬ҲڱϹֻΪ˲ʹ졣
ܲˡ
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˵ͱ뿪ˡ
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룬Ҳǿͬĳ£ʹľôΪǸϲµɵϣҲΪҾǲϣǸīͫ˴ϵõκκôô롣
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뿪ԭؼӺ󣬾ͿʼͷԼϵӡ
޷ôȥҶֱӽŪ
ԴѾܺȥ˼νһ˵ȻҲΪƳʱ˺ܶ
Ǹħߵɱ˷ǿ鷸
ܻŻǾԴҲǿЦġ
ʥǶգʱգʵĹҫǧʥԻ͵Ľ
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繲࣬ѩ׵ʯһؽԡ
ſڣһλ˾̸ĽˣػףȻ¶΢Ц


102 
źôעԼ󣬲ûֱӴ̨ףΪ۵һѼ˾УƵʰϣߵſڡ
ΧûʥʿżͶһƳ
ŻĶӳɫҫŹâԶĽʥռӡ
Ĵݺʵ
Ϊޡ¾ѪɱҲδȫȥŮʱȻҲ˲١
¡
С˵ߵǰҪȥϲˡ
˵ôϲصģϾÿԶȷŵʶܾˡ
͢ҪնɱħĴڡ
Ǵסһлսǿ񡢻ǼĿͽЩ˶ԣȥϲɱɱĻᶼʮġ
ϾЩȱʵˣԸͬʱӿħǼڳܵĶħս󲿷ʱ䶼׷ϣҪ˼ľǡ
ſȥս߿ȵͽȻԶáȥȥ²⡣
ˣ⻰һΧ붼ͶĿ⡣

Աߺŵ̸Ĵ˾Ҳһۣ֪Բʲôܿˡ
ļԶˣȻ
ҸղſˣӣǴӳ
԰ʥǵġ
ĺᰡ
ҾòǿᣬӦͲ󡣡
С͵һάòĶǱԭ״˥ϣҪطഺʮʮģ̶ֳȵ˿ɲ࣬ǲϲ˭ľᡣ

˸𼸵
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ģʲôλʥʿϺ֮ľͲˡ
ϾǳʱԷѾԼǱֱӡ

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ȵȡ
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ŵɫؿţ
ͣͣ㻹ǵ֮ǰ۹ڳ񽵵߾״̬𡪡˵ȵĽҪޣĻҲǷŭɱ¾֮ģΪʱľĪرˡ
ðɣǿܲǼ¡
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103 
˶תתٴλصϢ
ʱǡһߴͻʥǣԴ½ѷۼأϵ˿ڶɶħɡǼ򵥵ˣԼܴ
⾲ףһڵĴк׺͵ʥ⣬ʹĵͺ̵ĴϢȻЩƺ;̡߲
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Ǹʥʿ˲ڼ̨ϣֽŶϿκ˺ۣ·ҲʮȻ˫۽գ˶ڲϵز
վ˾˵鶼࣬ʱһһҵ˫ץʥʿֱָۣҫ۵İɫʥ⡣
΢ͣסŲؿǡ
ֺǸʥʿ˺ѷεغ
˾ͬʱˣǵж÷ǳѣ֫˸һ㣬ǣĳֳص
ǵ뿪ʥʿĸ첲ȻָȴץһŲ䶯ĺɫмϸĴŨء
˿ȥǺܵƽص˵һʲôֱȼ԰׵Ļ档
һźܿʥзֱƺĳֲҽС
һħ䡣
һ˾˵ż̨ϵʥʿѾƽȵ˯˹ȥѾû˯ôˡ
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һ˾ͷ۵ط̫ˡ
Щǰô˵ͬûغһǻ˵ҵԸΪ¶սҲǹٵġ⣬Щֻ֪ʥǵļһ֧ܳԮǣǵҲôš
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⻰Ҳᣬǻ˵֪ӪصĴһҪܶԸǮ
ѧЩɵĿǣҲǰûפְһ
˾Թš
žվſڣܿ϶ǿԼҲ£ûΪ²۵ˡ
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ŵ޵뷨ʱûԻ޵İʮ侲̸Ȼħ츳һ˵¡
ҲǴ˿ûзеԭ
ܲΪ˺޶˵һԼʵɡ
Է΢Цſһۣû̻ش𣬡أ

˸󣬴žԿʧٶȣһ·ʥġ
ں´̵֮칫¶ı˵ʦ
лƺ̫ôôżھһʱ䣬ëʣôˣװģ

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л˵ţͬʱ۲Ůϵı飬ֻ֪һ֡ǾͰѴ𼱣ʱҲᷢϡ
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104 
ڶʱ֣ڳǹ㳡ϵĴʹˡ
Ĵֱͨϲ㣬ʽֻάּӵʱЧһεĺܾ޴ʱ󣬴Ŷڶٱʹá
ʮ޴ɫڹ㳡ϣǰʥʿʥͽɵľӣͷЩֱʮ׵ĴšΧԲνܣյĻȦ໥Ƕףɰϴ죬һŵ۾һͨС
ŵɫħԹ⣬ϸֱܿϸϸĹ˿໥彻Լٸͬħķš
ÿһŵеħкΪÿŶͨϲ㣬Ȼϲλѷ񼣴½ЩŵĴǲͬġ
õİɫ˲㳡
ԶԶȥ·ʥ˾޴ĹһƬڵɫ⺣˸ĹҫΧÿһ¥վڴʥְ߶ʶ̧ס۾
վԼĶǰԶųƣеĴӳͬһԾ˴š
ּ죬жӳæϣȻǰٶȺܿȴҲ㾮ȻĲӡ
˶ʥʿһ붼Щ˶ͬĶ飬ħ޻ɵЩֱգһһǰ봫ڡ
ϵʥʿҲû˴ҲݣЩʥͽҲֶ顣

ǵصĹӿС
ռŤ죬˺ϴķĺХȻһϤķθС
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ĴӳĿȵĿϯɰΧһĴɳĮ
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ʱһ˲ĺѡ
ʲôصĶѹطΣɤӶסˡ
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ǰɳغȻʼӿ·ʲôڵĴ߮
ŸO@ĦԽƽűϸɳڿɢֱĳʹŸתγһϡ
һ룬ӯӯķɳб֡
ķɳʯֱʥʿʺ
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ļ׿ʮΣ͵Ϯ߼ӲĹǱ飬ƬĴ䣬ǻ
ħҽ
žʹİء
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΢ܸо
ʮƽִѷıԵ
һ룬һŴɳĮΪ۵̹ѷ죬Ƿ绯һ㣬ĽǿʼڱѣȻʧӰ١

֮սҲˡ
ⳡ˲СʱսûκԱҶʥְߣⲻʲô⡣
Ȼĳжӳ˵ҾҪΪһ˾͸ɷ˾Ķħ


105 
һʱһֱæŹرѷ졣
ʥʿƬĮｨʱפأж鱻ǲȥ⹤
ħʦѾЯ൱ȫĹߣиˣÿææµµؾһ㡣
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ֻви߽׶ħǿߴδ֡
ǶµȤ
ԲҪʽսнָӵҲеޱңΪʲôлԼʤְλֻҪܴ͹ˡ
ϲĵòֶɭֻɽĮӦоУǱ䵽ĵͼ㲻ر⣬ΪħΨһĳַʽǴ͵Ϯ
ЩθӵͲһˡ
Ϊ˱֤յĴ˳֮УܵħĸƻҪ֪ʹ󲿶ӹǼӵ£⣬ɵʧҲֹ˵
ٴæµս
æŹرܱԶѷ죬ʥʿרŸ¼Щѷ꣬˽ЩϢʥǣ˵ЩµĴλа
ʵϣڵִϲ֮ǰѾ˺ܶӴѷľ顣
ƳǵĶħǶǴɭͻΧܳġȻǲǹⱻųԼȥ֣طҴʺš
ƳϽ߾Ҳѷ죬ֱħ
˴ŶѷҲİ
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106 
Żű˵ƣ֪ӡ㻹֪˭ҵģ
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107 
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ղѾٴˡ
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һڷвϷȻԽԽȼյĻԽԽײһӬħϱɢγһŽħеĻ档


108 
ֻǻϵħûʥڡ
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Ȼͽ׶ħ˵󲿷ֶħʵûԪ˺ֻǸ߽׶ħͲн׶ħ̫ߣͨԪħδܶƷ
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Ļ뵽Լϵ䣬֮ǰŷʲô
һֱʹƣ룬ǿûл赹˯ȥԾ״̬Ҳ̫ãȻڻָʱͻĶԻܵóһۡ
򲢲ϣǸʲôĴԭʯ顣
鴴ԭʯҶļƻôͻԻȻҪһõҪߡ
Ҫôʹڼ˵򣬻߱Ϲƭ
ҪôͻһܣɱBOSSߵķʽõҪĶ

ʵ̫ȷǸߵˣˣǱĳַʽԼ
巢ı仯Ʃ˵Ĭʹûϵħܸ֪ĻԪأ˵һʲô
֮ԭ衱˵Ǹֻܱѡ˵̫ʺϱʹá
Ǻѻǲ̫ʺϣЩģɵģζž޿ܷ
Լǰһ仰
ҵףȥ
Ҳ˻ϵħ츳ɡ
ͬʱΪʲôųʥʿӪǰʮа˾ǹ°ģǿġ
ⲢǷ̡
ֱӰϲ㣬ȥʲôطǲŻ鷳أϾϻеְ
ȻǸˢ˼ԶħͰ֮ⶼ޺ʥȷ㲻ʲôֵͰŲˡ
Ǹʥʿ˵֪ǸողŵõϢϲһռ㣬˶λˣħҲ⣬ڵܼӵˣҲǼء
νĿռ㣬ҲֻǶϲһżġ仯
ΪʱշʧЧλҲܲȶ㷢ʱ˻ᱻȻٳֵһʮңԶĵط
Щ˻ȥ󲿷ܽϲʥְߣִͦ͡

ŷԼޱ˵ظһ㣬ҪԼΪʲô
Ȼ̫ȷԼǷĵõߡ
Ůͷ۵ط
ʥʿٴˣٷ֮ʮŵ˶ʱﱻ˺·Ǹʦ϶Ԫػġû˵˭ȫԪػٱܴ·ġ
ţ
ˣΪΪڵػ赹ӪǰеΡ
ڵһӣ
˿ʥʿϵĿף˶ڲþʿţɫ⻬ڻ谵Ӫﷺ⡣
Ϊʲôô˵
һǰδڵʥʿʵ
Ҳµģ֪ǵĴźʧɭ֡
ŴӴע⵽ʥʿȻеƣҲΪ⣬ȥųҲõһɱ˵
δ䣬ĳԽԽ
Զһߺ͵ƳŽǣмнеͣ£ɭڻӦҵĽŲӹ֦ͷݴԣӪſ⿴ֻӹӰ
ʥʿȴֻһԲؿ
Ϸҹʡ
ŷӪſڵĻͷˣҪǲңһֱҡ
ǲ㣬иε˵ֻ󣬺׳һЩ˼ٰʥְ߻
ǶħҲͽ
н͢ĵ˶ǰʣĳЩԭ˾ͽҲŽ͢¶ħ½ĵˣЩ˿ֻܷܶƻ͢ļƻ
һʥʿȻʵҪų£Ϊʲô
ſһۣĲ˵ŶҺ½ԿϽˡ

˶һۣδ˵ȻһŽ
Ϊʲôôҹʣ
ͷֱǸγǰ˷˼СʱȥЩŽϢķʽóˡ
ллԸ˯·͸ңȥô£ĵĻҲԸҡ
ĺŽٴα仯ƺѾԮˡ
£ӪſڵĺڷŮȻʧ
˲仯һŹųҹĺӰͬӰ㼤
ʥʿ
ð
̶ֳܲ︡ĺǣ̦޺ཬУצĹľͼɿʥְڸ·жѧ˱ܿǡ
е˸ɴڸߴ֦䱼ԾӰŨ֦Ҷӳš
ܿ죬ʥְ߶һҫ۵Ļ⣬ͬǰֱɭõĹâҫŻްΣķɭ֡
ҲȫԪػ
ɭ
ˣôղΪŭħĻأ
ʲôɣҸߵȻϵ츳ƵطһȼҪ
ɭ贩оüûȼŻữΪҽëľＱӹһģŤɫ顣
ڶϺХʥְǵ϶ܿҲ֮Զȥ
Žʧɭֵ
Ӱζ֦ҶڱգǼӬħӰ֣˫Ϥ֮С
ΧѾûˡ
ȻܸоǰԶ˾ۼľںҹеĵ
ӺԶԶǰһʥʿں˶ţľڵҰǵݿмŸӵ
̣ҵعУϸ΢ݺύ֯˲ıϡ
ƺĳֿռħ֮ĵ·
ʥʿðȻǰܱܿС
Ϊһ˵ռ֫⣬Ǳ͵ʲôӿֲĵطġ

žǲʶԼոսȫԪػ·Ȼյøɸɾٻعȫġ
ԶԶͣһߴӿռָ·һ߶˸֮⡣
ССĽɫڿתȦܿɢɼϸĹ˿̷ȻûС
ʥʿŵˡ
һǴĺڷԣһǺͯò۵СŮŨܺڷһѿǣƺһδɵĺ
ҪôǸ׵ħҪôǻѪħΪĸ߶ȿ䡣
ʱ֣ƺЩµض
ֻǸӡ
ǸļһЦ˵δ˺κ޹ˣʹҲҪϾɱȥǵսټһʣ


109 
ҲΪʥʿȺۡ峡Եʣ⸽жħû
ĳЩҲħޣڴɭӵĵشȻֻûУֻзżһƬҶ׹ཬźǵ̶ĭ
ʵǱߵĶԻľ̫ܼҰڵԱʥ
ֻǹ۲һûҪֿ֮
ɭ߻谵һƮȥȻע⣬˷ɢȽء
͸֮ӾݣſǻʥʿȫǾŸʥռǣͷĺȻȷľų¡
½ԵʿĽ䣬һְŽĲϹ뵣ȥʮֲˡ
ΧʥʿһŭݣֵñҪ
иŭʲôëǸĶħ
ʵѾȫ׷ʲô
һ۾ϳ˾Ҷ
ôϤ߶ôǸؼܵҶ֣˶ԷеǳϤ
ĳԭҶ˻ھǸħ
ԭɹħܽ¶ΨһһħŮ䣬ϾֵܸߣӦоС
ǰ淢ʲôö֪Ҳܲµð˾Ųʮ
Ʃ˵ħһȺ׷ɱǸ߽׶ħ߽׶ħܸߣƽֵѷ࣬ǵͽ׶ħäĿεѰѷ죬ضʲôĿġ
ɭһߵĶԻڼ
ֻǸӡ
ֵĺڷᶨصħǰ
δйɱ¾֮٣ǲʲôΪѾ㹻Ǹκ˶ˡ
ſסЦ
ҶֻΪɫ⡣
أӨλµ۹ҵĹȫżĵͼƬֱӹϵ
һ㲻ɺϡðɣĳЩԲYYС˵ǸɺϣֻضߵĿζ
ҶһҲЩ˽⣬֪ȻΪ֮
ҲΪѰżڣҲΪΨжħṩ鱨

һƢĶӳŭˣݺݵضħǶϲ㣬ɲЩħѣΪ˳ˣΪʲô
ħδУƺʲôֵܼ
ѩɰŨڳ黨״پɣһ˫ɫĴ۾ؿ˹֮
ħ죬ץ˵ֱۣҡֻ·ˡ
ԽԽСȴĪأٴ̧ͷһԱߵĳλá
ѾڶζǸˡ
֮Ĺ˿صĵط
ˣžͷ·ںһ㣬˫Ⱥֱ˹

źħءӡһ˲
ͬһʱ䣬ǱѾ
ͽ
ΪطΪʲô
ħ½ҲǣΪ˱Щ
Ůһ꣬ѵΪЩͽ¶ħ޹˾Ͳܵ
Ƣʥʿ޿ˡ
ɱֻǸͽѡ
ͽʥ˻ްɭ֡
ŭĽ𣬸ľ˲ͱۣŰɨҶľű𴵷ɡ
ҶƮ䡣
ѤõĽȼ𣬵ӳڰУӳֺڵķ̡
ʮЮſֲĽз׷ڿз˻
˲䳶飬Ρ
Ȼһ룬Щоͬײռ㣬ڴɫ˿ʱ׷ʧ
ţǵĿռħ϶ȻͣǳܹȰ͵ըѿ
ǵɿռħɣĿռڵĿռ䡣
ðȻ̤뷶ΧôϵĲֻ岿˲롪ʧȥ֫һ˲䱻͵촦
ʥʿǶ㲻ÿ˶Ϳռ䷨ʦսҲҪա
ѡϡ
ֶ޵ġ
Ȼû뵽ǣڱ֮󣬹ɱϵ˿Ȼɷǳֲ˺
һƬǽɭذڻʥϨΨɢ䣬Ƿű¹Ʈѩ
׹ǰһ̣޵ѪȾ졣
ÿһ˿һռڶΪĵһΧڣ֮׷ױɵһɶ
ʵϣǱתƵһλá
˵ϣ˲䱻֫ѳ֡
һը˷ϢûеضɽҡĴ棬ûвҽСΪЩʱʶʲô

һƬңǱѾһƬΪƽأ۶ϵľϣӲͿճһݵĿӶûмûлҽʧĲֶɵӰ١
λöܵ˲
Ӧֹͷǳס
дռɫ˿ڽӽΣվʱڿͣһ˲
ȻŮӰȻʧԭء
ʱֹ֮ͣЩɫĹ˿׹䣬Ȼſһκ塣
һߣҶֻһЩʥʿӳ
׼ȷ˵δضˣϾЩ˵ʥˮƽʱǾûսˡ
ϲá
ΪܿЩ˶ʲôˮƽԲʲô¡
͢Զȷ沿кܶྫȻǿ߶ں棬ֻǸ̽·ĲӰˣЩų͸߽ʥְ޼
ȴûС
һļžУɢڿͬеѩ
һƬΪƽصɭֿտյʥʿѵ֫壬ѪȾ˿ݲƽĵ棬ΨѵҶƬڷ׷Ʈ䣬ཬɢһ㡣
Ȼһ޵Ϲ⼤
ǹâ̫޷˺ҹ磬ںĤӹʱһĴʹ

Ҷָ̧գȻƳָϵѪ
ţԼ·ʧȥֽ֪֫Ȼܶȴľ״̬
жۿֻۣսȻڡ
ɫĽӿĵĽźĽ࣬ͬԽԽ죬εڿв㻷ƣɫ˿Σ塣
¾ֻ֪͵Ϯ𣿡
ҶܣûҵղŸһˡ
ʵܲµ˭½ҵϵĴСһţµ۹ȦЩ˽⣬Ҳû½Ե֡
λС˼̳ʸ˽͢
Ƕ˵ΪսԸͳ
ˣҶôţ˶ϵǱϾǼҴģȥҲûѡӦøϲսսʿͰɣ
ϧǣ˵ʲôûеõӦ
Ҷ
ĿռħȻܳʱά֣û˻ӦĽ󣬹˼ӣԷɢȥ
ȻһĨ欹Ϲͬаӹ۽ǡ
Էٶȿȣܲ׽ʥʿӰζʱڿµģӰ
˱ĿĽȥòһȻսҶĴ󽣸ûлͶԷĽнӴ
̫ˡ
ǧϸУһȺĲеҹɭө棬ɢ㣬Ϣ顣
ɫ۹ͬ۳ɢ
ȻѾʧȥֱ֪ۿʼá
Ѫӹϰ䣬ɭɭ׹Ƕ綾ڻ̼䣬첲ڵسõˡ


110 
Ѫûüӿ
ɫĹûѪ֮У֯⣬׾ٵظʴ
ɫĹ⳾ɢξʵһƬط
ȥҶµ۹ܵЩʥְ߽֣Ҳչϵ
׼ȷ˵յڣֻǽڣȻͷųȥ
ʱǸ½ң˵Ľص½һģһ
ʱ˿̣Ҷȴȫ޷նԷĽ
ΪǼһ̫ˣһ仰˵Ҳ޷λ
ֻϡ俴˭Ӱ׽ֱԷͣȷԼղĿ
ڣλų㵹ѵϣƮƮſĽ
ĽΪʱɢԣȻ֮£ܹעĲԸͣʵױٵ
ֻǵ־磬ЩͶûʲôˡ

һߣſƬս
ûֱ̲ʦҶսҲûѬƵɫ硣
ʪ϶ѻű۵ɣҶɢľҾ
ǸħСŮӰһ˫ˮĺɫ޹ؿ˹
ˣϻ˵
Ǳߵսδֱߵħǰһ룬˵ûʲôá
һħռãħ뿪ˣôȻʥﻯɻҽע⣬˵ʥʥ𡣡
ħ
С￴ȥЩ󣬿û뵽ʥʿŮĳôһ䡣
һ£ԷһΪʲôֱʥк
һ¶Է˵Ļ΢΢ͷôС˱𣿡
һ룬ĲһȻҰ͵ذθߡ
ħԼʧȥͷ­ġȹ壬ᵹȻֱˤཬ
ʥʿһԴҿȥƽ͵ѯ֪ϵʥռζʲô𣿡
ͷħ
Ȼ֪
׼ȷ˵Ϊ֪ôһʥռζʲôûҶ֡
ĶħµʿҲ˺ܶ࣬ԶԶûаֻԼ䵥ʥְߣЩͽ͢ԿҪƻͽеĳԾͺá
ķֶּħʿǺͰƣǲ׼ǿĴǣǴ񼶱
ڴ֮⣬кܶͨĶħ
Ǹ߽׶ħҲκһ񼶡
֪һ㣬ҲȥħԴһسɹˡ
һͷĸоʵ⡣
ɱĶħʵ̫ˣൽ˸оľӡ
ŮһץħԺķ裬һȼɫʥ𣬡شҵ⡣
ʵҲڴԷܻش𣬱Ͼûʵζһﲻܽٵϡ
ĿǰҲûȥκһ񼶶ħ
ħֺµ˵ǵģ˵ûٹˣ֪̣һĳ壬ǰˮƿһ򵥡ҪĻǰһɫˮһɫҺǰǽߵ꣬Ǳٵ塣
Ҳ˵ٵǸ壬һ̶ϱӰںϡ
Ȼⲻʲôʵۡ
⣬Ҳ̫ԣħԷ鲻̫ƣæڲΪʹõὥΪ̫ǿʱ޵ģ̲תûκζħԶʹñ˵塣
ûκζħԶʹñ˵壿
ܾԼõʲôҪϢһʱֲ֪ôһ౻ٹġţħ޻飬Ҳᱻʴ𣿡
ħ͸һɵϵ񣬡Ϊʲôǽ𣿡
ţ
Ĭһ£ΨһĴȾʽԼͬģôħΪ˴˼Ӷ𣿡
ħСٴηۣԼ˵ˣͬԼһ˱ˣôܿͻȥħ޵Ȼܻȥˡ
˵ǽٹ
ͣһ£ܾʲôԺнǽ֮ȥûħҲ
ʬ岻ʥɻҽʥ𻹲ࡣ
ħû˵̶ֳȣȻѾħ˺ܳʱ䣬ܼ£Ǽꡣ˵ģֻҪ죬ô˿϶ˡ
һħ޻š
𣿡
ħЦһ㲻Ϊħֻܽϰɣô֪ǸħҲԭȵأ
͵۾
ħСķ裬ߵԴڿУѪҺͲٵˣ⻭濴ȥֲֹ졣
˭ں˵
ΣŮɿ֡
񶼲ǵļһӦò֪ôණɡ
ԴĲֵĶϿѸϡ
ţħϱһѪ͡һ𱬵ĳ壬һ˸Ѫں۳ᡣ
ɢһͷѻڵĳͷһԾɼ񡢴̵ǣòƵҫ۶Ŀ
ĸ˾Ӹµؿ˹˫޵ǰࡣ
ħĺĤϷŹȺ죬ǸѪȼһ
׵ɭһ˲Ȼʧɫ
Ǹӡ
òħЩ˵ţ˦մȾѪ⡣
󣬲ݵϺȻǸȥСħ
ߵѾ׸ɱ񽹺ڣ·˾òˡ
ʵϣʵʵشգûΪץʥְߵθ˶ϲ㣬ҲͲ³ˡ
ôҲǸħ޷ȫҵĽ٣
ħЩм˵лмŭ⣬ƺΪСͬοأ
ţ
ʲôĶħܽٵϣһǱٻ
ħħЩӵˣûǳֹԷ
Ϊ㣬ž˵ѵΪҪǿŪһ壬ŰͿ𣿡
ڱϵĶħȻֻ־٣廹Զڲ֪
һǿһ壬ľ˳ܽߵҲ
ħʱһ롣
ȻݺݵصŮһۣѵΪҪ𣿡
ţֻ˭㱨Ҳеġ
Ȼħ֮˴Ҳཱུܻ١
Է˵Ķģкֿܶˡ
һֱΪħٻʹùħĿԱȽϴȴһ¡
ʶһʼͲԭǸأ
Ǻ»ǻ£
һҪ˵ĻҲӦǰ߰ɣŲ̫ȷţǸʶ˻š
ǸˡǸħָص°뱾ͻ
ﻹѵĻҲǲԸ
Էѡƭ˵ǹô֤ǶôҪĽɫһж˳Ϊ֮Ǽˡ
뵽־ԼǳЦ
ҹµʹıˣʲôأ
ҪС
ħĵʵƺڱ仯Ҫˡ
ţ
Ҫˣ
ΪʲôҪҸߣ
꣬һ̶ȰѷĿơ
ħȥЩͷƺʲôƢˣѾھԼˡ
Ȼŵıֲ̫׼ͷ
áΪʲôң㲻ϲӣ
ħָ̧֣޳ָצֹϹһξµĽ𻷣ȴδκ
߲ϲ
Īأħ˭֪ܶǵۡ
Ȼֹ
ħٴα仯ˡ
ĸ͵ذθࡢǼ󡢾ݵļøӱ
Ȼħ˺漫ٵĽУ¶һƬƽ̹˶İţݷ价һߣ·ƮƮĲϷ·ʱᱻ
űŮ
أԸ࿴𣿡
ħѻڵĶ̷޵Խշ
۾Ȼ˵Ⱥ죬·ѪҺҲκһִҪÿ𣿡
ţ
ޱ飺ϲ𷢡
ħ
лҪ˵*ѾѾûȵħ֪˾ɹʲôԲô˵(
ǰи߽׶ħܱԡ


111 
ɭֵķɢǳϢ
ζԶڵսĴƮɢٵԮʥʿ½½ִ̸ܵ
ЩԶԶͿųĽ򣬸ϽʾͬǲҪ
ֶԽħһٸʹߣҲûǽв𹥻
Ǵ󲿷ʱ½ԲԸ˶ʱֵԭ
ʥְͣС
ڴ۸ӵɭγУеڵе֦ͷңŶ뵵ս
Χÿ¡
һСڡ
Ǹ𣿡
ϻųԳ֣㲻֪Ľ߽׶ħܲأ
ģ߽׶ħ嶼ᱻԲʳãǴħĲҽ
ǻ۵ʱǰȻһֲ
ϴһ΢𶯣Խң֦ͷҶ׹䣬ѿӵĹ֣ľ㵹
ɫŨһ󲨶׹мʵʰ㱻˺÷顣
ѵˮ㣬ɫĴй¶ը
ÿһϹ׹ڵϣһƬرʴýãѵɺͶѻʯ鶼⣬Ϥ綾ɳһ޴Ŀ
ͬʱһɫľӰ
ڷɣ˫ķĴʱʯľϡﻩرҷɣҵľʥʿ޷վȽŲ׷׺ˡ
ڰа˻Ƴ˫쳹ʣ
׸ߣͷβʮ׳Ǿɼϸ˫Ƭźâ練¹ı˪
½վĽУͷֲȻ
ô壿
˵ԺС
幹ƺӦǾ
ȻԪϵֻбϵǰɫģǱϢ˪ѩǡ
ڰУ˫ʱХĿ磬ɫ·ŵСϵʥְߡ
ϸɫ˿ڿС
ǳʷ״ֲ߻ۣܿͬ뽭ϸ㣬۳һ޴ޱȵɫ
Ҳ׵ĻԹ⣬¹ȼյĻ͸Ƭļ϶ԿظȻߵϢ

һϢܴݻٴʧɭ֡
Ȼڴ󲿷ûü˼Ӧʱ
һӰǵǰ
׼ȷ˵ֱӳɫ档
ڷŮһİģıӰ
һֻ֣ͽֵס̺ſֲϢ
޴Ĺ׹ǰһ̣ȫȫڿУţյĳӰ죬ʼȻɢϸĹ˿
·εĹ̵һ㡣
بڿеһŭ
ڷŮ䱻˺飬Ļ滨Ʋ䣬ʱȻӣת˲鲼˫ۡ
Щ΢⣬ڿеĹ
һεĹתٴû֫ļ⿪ʼͣƬʣŵѿ
ǿĽǶȣԾɫĻԻ͹档

һͳĵص¡
ʧɭֲεˣԶʥְǽսĶħ׷Ӧ̧ͷڿ־ʹƬط
һʹĴ͸ԣǴ­ԵУشûͷϡ
ʥְ඼ס˶䡣
ȵٴλع񣬸ղŵĺڷŮѾˡ
ȡ֮ģһͷ͸ǿ׳壬ɫ۷ŻѪĹâ
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ųһתʾⲿǳˣһôš

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ϱԼɢȥȻǡøոնһغϵϢ
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112 
Żл㱵۾
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113 
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114 
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ڽ֮ĵʦǵУͳλ׷ԲԣҲԵֻһ˫۾̲ź⡣
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㣡
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˵ҼǰλС͡
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һֱڲҽУһֱڰȫʥˣӽٻ¯һˣҪ¸ӡǣôţʥǻһȦͽˡʹʮֺأܻϾõļֵûС
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115 
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󾺼һƬڣɫʱǽϢ
߳ڱϻƵĳ֮ڡ
һƬɵİɫâɢڳ
׹ɢ֮ǰտյȻûһƬѩ׷ɵıԭ
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ƮŶëѩǰƽשʯѣ羵͸ıˮ渲һ㵥
ϱ鲼ŵаĸʱ壬᾵ķ弹ϼ֮ѩһƬɱ
ĵͽսʿʦ¶޷սнҲսۿۡ
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һ֮䣬ٴηֿˡ
Ҷڱ֮ϣºı㲻ݣ·ûκ
΢΢̧֣бָգƮѩ֮𣬱ԪؼХƲɵĿ񳱡
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裬һȦȦ״ľ磬ķֱָߴĶ֡
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ɫʥ˷۶ĽűתƣƯĹȦͣڿС
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ǽŵشڰУһ޷ϣʳ˺ſĴŽÿһضȼһƬµĻ档
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Ƕ֪Ųħ֮ѧǸսʿȻʱȴʹ˵ĸ߽ħֻһͣ˼ҵĻԪ׺ͺܸߣ˲ҪѶʱ°빦

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ž˲һߺһ̧֣֮ɨͬһ㷭ڵĽХ˺ѿӲ˼ľ롣

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ڼնʱӰٴʧԭء
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ҶӰĴ˲ƴͣΧŴλãҸַ򣬸ֵĳǶȣȫһ飬ȻԷԤһ
ÿζܶȥ
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̫ʲôս鼫ΪḻһַɾͿԻ·ߡ
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ÿһ˿֮ΧľﶼʼõߵңȦȦ㱻ռħѡ
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ռ䷨ʦ澪һѧ˼ħȻĬ䣡Ҽǵħأ
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иǰԱãȻ½͵㿴ЩˮԲǱĳǿƸգǿռ䱻ˣ϶ռ϶ǸŮߴһ̻ᷢԼһ첲һȣ߰Դ
ҿǲ𣡡
ҼǵڱǰȷʵҪǩЭšʥ֮Ǳд˾ʱڶܾȹġ

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ҶĿռħ鼮࣬䶼ûƽⷽȻ෨ʦǻ޲źּϲһ䣬ʱ䷨ʦС
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Ǵһͷˮؼȥ
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ץסҶ֡
׼ȷ˵߬ס˶Էָİ䡣


116 
öĽָƺֻһöƽƽĺʯָûн棬Ǳ⻬޵ơ
һ̣һ˿ǺƤһݵĿܺų֮⡣
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ɱΥ棬ҪΪĻҲˡ
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롣
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΢΢ͷԼֱϣȻżɫĻƣЩ·ڵɫѪУ䡣
ҲϽɢûԼԭˡ
Ϩ֮֮ȫ޴ڣǣڰȾ޷ʹʥ
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һһͼվȴԼȫ޷
ͷĿѣ޷֫ʹǰ˿ѣÿһͼʹѪԽԽࡣ

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ܲµ
صؿ˼£Ѫļ϶ЦֻԼˡ
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˳ӿ֮Уĺڷ纣ŨܣƤ԰ףᱡɴ֡


117 
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ȥӦҶԼ뷨ǲ˵ǡ
ҿԹսҲѰ棬ǰǡ
ſǰᣬȻʮַ̡
ԭ׳ӡ֪𣿻ھԶĽҶܽ㻽ѣ߰ٶ֪һУǸԸô
ҪԼѡ񣬶Ƿʲôٵˡ
һ̣źȻͻˡ
׷ĳԼҪĽ֣Ҳǿѡɱ֧ɹȻʧҲνˡ
ҪĴǻţš
ǿԴңֻҪδȥҾͻսҲɱңҵĲκţҲþħңǾͲˡ
Ůǣ㿴ֻҪҵ־㹻ᶨԼԣҾԶ䡣


㻨԰뵣ççֺ׵Ук£ҫɫĹߣһƬӽ
ڻ԰̰׵ƺɢȥ¶һƬã֮ء
𷢵񱳶ǿ𣿡
ǰһɽƲϹɵĲϳ֣ʵر⻬ʱʱâ̲һֻҧϣڿлתš
ĽڰУ˷ããգԶԡе֣ΧһƬס
ЩССĳָиת˳ŲͬķĹ޼ѰΥά׼
Ťĳֺ䣬ƺߵάȡ
ȻҪȥϸֱ棬ģͣͻеѹʹѣθС
˵ָоȫھĳвľ棬Ƿ̽
Ѿ겻ˡ
ƣס۾
½ε֮εķ֮ѳļޣȻҲ˵ҵ;עǸղŵĸоô£
ʱλ
ǵĿڷ֮ӹȻ׷ױвʵŲߡ
ǲǡڷˣ
Σ鸴ӵؿʵ
oǳĬǵˡ
ô꣬Ǳ磬ȴɸıɻڡ
λž޴ķ֮
ѯңϡ
ĹģֻǴЦϡɱ档
ҵȴĲǿʿϵͽ־ͬϵķߡһˣӣһֱᶨԼҾҲ˼ɡ

ھУ԰׵ʥ͵ȼն
ȼƵ档
Ĵɽڴ˲䣬γһƬµĻ棬ɫʥڿҡڣ˹ȵҫĹâɢ
Ůǰȥ
־ɢֿͬĺ캣Ӳֿһ·
·ľͷ᲻ŵغˣϸֳȻ֣Լһ˿
ҶԣԶбȻȥҪĶ
ô˵ţˣҲϲ˸ҵĽ֣ҾǷߣҿʧܣҲӣ
ڷڣռ䱻Ťʹ˻ɢӿȼյĻ˺ڰ

Ĳֻ˲䣬Ѿ׽ˡ
۾صʵδս

һ룬ȫš
ǡ
ôܡ
˫۾עž̸ֳ𾪣ʥְȽĿɿڴ״̬Щͼſ˵ȴֻܷ
ǧڵע£һ߲ŵĿԡѪŮ
ֱϵĺɢڻϵ˿ڽԾϣжʹٻ
Ů貵Ľɫʥ⡣
һ˿ǻʥͫҫȻͬԭϯ
ɫӯ˫ĿâԽԽң·Ҫ
Ҷʹס۾ϯϵҲ׷Ƶľٶ
е˵ס۾еŤͷȥӺŵѧǵǰŵĵʦԺһֱ˫ۡ
ҵ۾ʹ
Ҫ
ղô£
еʥȼҫţ˿۽ӣһֱ뵽Ѫ֮УƤʣֱȫӯ޾
ѾԡĹ֮С
ǧ˵Ĺϯѻȸڳʥְ߷׷״λݵĶͬ˳ӿϵؿظףʹᡣ
ǹµĽ١
ᱲڴ֮־Ըӡ
Ը֮ҫ
ǲκֻͨϿϵ˫ϡĬ
صѹǵϯ
ܱսرϣͬĴֽƬһ˲Ϥݻ١
ϯǧдδݣȴѾѹ޷ֱеſϣеĸɴ౻εѹ˵϶ãǱʮֻȴû˭ÿЦ
Ͼ񽵡
Щ񽵲ˣҲܴЩʥְߵĶв³֡
ҶҲܲܡ
ǾˣȻ׵ظֲܵѹ
ְԵײУͬڵĿ񳱰ϯ˷ơ
Ҷȫ޷ֿҲֱӱѹ˵ϣͬѹȺɽһָ޷
ؼΨдȻվ
Ҳĳߵ
ʥְΪս̫õ񽵣˱
ԣʵֻ˼һ˲䣬뵽õķΪԼоԼٳôӣܾͻ᳹ʧȥʶ
һ룬롣
ɫĹ˷˸֣бȸԾɹ˿תŻ۳һƬڵĹ⺣
ѹŰϣŮڹ⺣Уٸ˫֣гһҫİ׽Уȫɴʥ۶ɡ
ܵķԼɱ㣬Ǿͻ˺ˡ
еĽʢԻͣ嶼ǿҵ߾ٵ˫ֽչУ԰׵ʥҲ˻ŷ
¡
Ըһ
ڸΡ¥ضɽҡ̶ײ쳹Ǿ޴ĳײ׻ĴӳӯŴĿҫ۵Ĺԡ
ҶеԺһʹ
ţٶĲҽ𣬳ʹİսޡ
ȼյʥѡ
һŤĺɫڶڹâзٳɻҽ


𾪵עУ֮ҵ
Ȼһֳױˡ


118 
ƻصھ׵ʥС
ٴʱѾ֮
ӹɴᣵĿɨݻԷȻͣĲϡ
һƬ峺ĺ棬΢ʱˮʮΡʥ֮ڳصĹС
ȵȡ
ʮ
ΪԼ˯ڵʦ֮Ȼλܿе¥ôھ͸ý̻ʵĹâʥ
⴩кһңŮ㱵´ȹֹë̺ϵĿռָá
ǰһ޴ߺľ¹˹ţʥʿƷϻԻ͵Ľʮӡǹҫޱȣƽһ࣬ӡžֻռǣڳĵҲƵϼþںڶмΪ·Ľɫơ
ᵹһ
ǻƽʮʿžųƷ
Լĸųңǹâʥ̻ʺĸųһȣҲֵس˼ҵķ
ΨһĽ;ǣЩ·Ϊ׼ġ

ָоЩ΢
֮󣬴ߵƫ֮⣬λųվŵȺ򣬶Ϸ׹κͻռǣװ嵶彣ҲޱȻԵĹâ޷ֱӡ
վˣĴǲ࣬ûôۡ
ܿ죬ųƺע⵽ʲôʼ߿˹ܿ֡
ˣŸ£һᡣ
ЩȫڻƽʮʿţźȫϤжʱҹѲͬǰԸִֶǶꡣ
ĿɨЩϵľӡǣϾܶϺˡ
ˣŻǽдĳ˵֡
ǸڶϲӢսˡ
ųǸò޵Ľ𷢹ʱЩѹ˵Ǹ٣ոβá
æǸұʾ˶ݵİ
ˣÿԶ߲͢㶼һδѪΪڶϲ㣬ؽ油
һ֮󣬾ָֻ״̬
ŶѾϰˡ
ȥڵ۶ܵųڻģӳǾģƵĳǴҶݰˡ
Ѹټ̸
ȻΧʱʱڶǵǽ͢ʷľųͬʱƺ˹µĽ٣ټڶϲʱҲɱĶħƵսû˸ȥɡ
Ҫǣ˹񽵡

콵ٵǹ𡢶ǵĻôģ
ھųǵ𣬵ҲðȻȥѯʡ
κ漰£Ʃ˵񽵣ЩʽʥְߣͨԼľ׷ҲᱻΪ¡
Ǿųһ죬һץӸεƳŴţͷҲû˭ȥ¡
ʵҲͦãȻģ͸˵˼䣬ȷ˽ڣ֪ԼѾ˯һ¡
һ﷢¡
Ʃ˵ǰν̻̩ձѾεĽ̻ʱлκ´̻ʱ䣬ְٶƺЩˡ
͢ڲҲЩɵȻս֮ЩɾϤʧˡ
⣬һϲּ¡
Ҷʽͨ͢ˡ
ĸĸȫ䲻
ǳû淽ʽ״̬»ٵ˰䣬Ҷľܵش
ȻǷǳʲô񽵣񽵵ĶԼΪʲôҪٵָȵȣܸе鲻
ˣΪľʳ˯ͬʱģֱÿռħˡ
ðɣûаŪҲƲϲּ״̬Ȼ㣬Ͼٶƺ֮ЩϵǰߵҶ˵Ҳϵش
Żٵָˣûʲôܴ´Ҷ뷨
Լָ֪ĴڣʱץסҶ֣ߺ뵽ǳŽָȥģֻΪĳֱ봥ħ
Ϊʲô֣
Ƥഥħһ״̬±¶Ĳλ޷ֺͷѡǰ
ֽͱȴ֪ǸָҪࡣ
Ȼ氬ٶڽָ﷢𹥻ͼݻٴŵ־£ſܾͻʶǸָˡ
ȥٵָ
ҶĽǶ˵ȷŻٵǳԼ뷨λٵ뷨
ʹ񽵵ʥְߣȻԼ־󲿷ʱֻʹȥսĿİˡ
ȻҪǵ壬Ҳټ򵥲ġ
ֻoͨôˡ
¼˿Ͳͬˡ
״̬ٵһָʥְ߶ǸָٵḶ́ɭĺɫʥȼɻҽ
ʲô
ΪʲôҪٵǳԸ
һ֣ǶǺڰĴڣҲķʽɢ
ԣǸָˣȻҲˡ
ҶûܵĻҲ϶ᱻ͢ץʣܵЩʥְһֱлܷŹ
ľħҪɻȥҲδɡ
ֻȷǷٵָĻźܿѾָ֪Ĵڡѹ;ûˡ
¡
˼ʱԱߵĸһ£ʾ̧ͷ
ǰӰζųǷ׷վ鶼ɣֻǲԼͬذڳȸ׵̬
ƫĴŴˡ
һòĺַ߳һĴųƷϴԲ
Էȥ˫ʮͣԱƺˡ
ʥְΪʹʥᱻ֮ӻ˥ϣǿЩطഺλƽʮֵĴųȻǵ͵ӡ
ųжվſߣµУĿһɨ˵ĺڷŮŸ£μ档
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лк´̾ѡݽʱ򣬴ħӰתпһЩоͰλƽʮֵĴų¡
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ڵ㣬ط΢Цһ£߹Ƶļ򣬡ҿı츳ʮֳɫ
΢΢۾
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ˡ
˿ϣų´žųϡﻩضˣƫ̻ʵı˵ʦ˸к
лԼ޹ֻǴųȻ̻ʱµװܼӡ
վƫشǰľѩ׵Žɫ¹ƣÿ˸ڹâҫ쵻Բʡ
̻ʱ΢΢ͷǰҳΪʦѧһνâʥʱվͻгһգҲķ羰
ϲóԸϧҴʽ
̾˿ǺѹˣΪҴûôҶԣվڽ̻ʵĹ￴羰վűûʲô𡣡
֪ˣҿҲѡ㡣
л¶Цݣ˵ҲܳΪ֮ͬˡ
ԥһ£ʵʱҡ
㲻øңװģ֮¡
̻ʱζ˵Ƭ½ûʸ֪飬Һܸˣζźܶ¿Լˡ
ص˵ͷ
ĳ˹
ԼĽǶȣʵ֪ʱ˭ˣֻܸо޾ѡ
⣬Ǹٵܷ񿴵ļ䣿
Ұٶʱ˵ĻϢ̫ƺ֪֪֪ԭ֡¡
ǵĻôǷҲ鿴ļ䣬˵Ҳ֪£
ƺͺܺˡ
Ҳܾǰע⵽ʥ壬ʽ춯أΪǿˣǾͻһǳõĹˣΪԴܵĵˡ
ȻЩƶϡ
ʱûΪˣٻһλԣʱʵҲûٻκˣϸ˵Ŷ֪Լôġ
С²ţҲҪɹµ񽵲ΰɡ
ǵģֻһʽҲҪʹùµȥս
лһԼ񣬡ǲͬġ
ðɣžǹϽ̻Ϸ¡
ŵͷʾԼףܵų𣿡
ֳһǣͷȥľֻռǡ
Ȼ˵ղͬǣҾսҲºǸɼܣô˵أҼǵǸܵյ۹Ļʶ
ǵģл϶⣬ûʲô£͵ȥȼˣΪһʥ׼


119 
һʥصĴʻ㣬ʵҲԼ˵
׷ʵʱЩ˾ڣٸκϸڣԼĹ伮Ҳòκʾ
лʾΪвʥְ߶й¶ݡ
ûȴ֪ڵЩˣǲʥľ̺ĿģֻͨĳЩ֪һЩʵϢ
ţ˵
˵󲿷˻ʥ񡣡
̻ʱ·ƵػشⲢ׼ȷҪԼȥ̽ѰˡһʥÿʮһΣܴ졣
ؿ
ģѾϿ㣬;ʥʧܡ
Ƿֱǰл˵һ仰
ȻžϡͿȥյ۹ˡ
ܿʶһ⡣
Զл˵Щ
Ʃһų͵㲻ҵ壬Ʃյ۹ܵûʲô¡
յ۹λڴ½Զµ۹вòЩȴײͬ
ħʦĹȡ
λȨصĴһ붼ħҵˣʦǶѪͳĿظսʿΪħ츳ԴѪͳ
ʱǻῴЩƽ츳ķʦȻ׷ѪͳЩ˵ļǰȻĳ汲
ϾѪûԪԵġ
ˣյ۹塢ңֻѪ洦ɼ
͢ʥְҲ⡣
ֻ߲ܵǴʥǵģʥְ߶յ۹ˣİ뾫鼫ࡪΪʥְߵȻҪħ츳Ȼյ۹ѪܵʥְͨҲЩλ
۹ܵڵ۶룬ͬĴ³ʻ״ֲǰĹƽ
ŲûűʵľΪֱʥǵĴ󡪡ҪʥľųǶȨˡ
۶ʱ֣ů紺£ħάϵͥԺެʢ䣬ʥְߵӰƽʯ·ϴ
ŴϢӳİ칫Ⱥ
òǼȫǻѪ
ĸоѪͳºԷɫɫӶҲ׷ֱ
ˣǼ̳˲Ʃë׵޶צβͣΪҲвѪͳԼ⻬ûƤë
ʵҲ塣
ǳǣ˺ĻѪҲмʵɫħ츳ʱδԪħʱħ

żųʹӳദģϾͬͬСӳ̸Цһ˴֮û̫Զ׵ڡ
ݵҽ֮󣬴ӳǻ㱨һЩϵ¡
һͿʼͷۡ
ٹ֮ռ٣͢ҪѡʥʥŮΪĴˡ񼣴½е۹ֻҪǽ͢Χڣͻѡ٣ӲͬϽ
յ۹ѡѾһ֣úҪܵˡ
Ǻĵֲ˼䣬̾ˣ֯ѡٲʿŵĹܵĴ̺߽ʥͽҪ¡
ֻҪѡʱάΰֹͽûˡ
ѡȻһΣϽʥʥŮλҲʮꡪΪĴˣǱȫ̷oǲܽġ
Ȼ˵ľͲܽ顣
ҪôʱֻҪְɾͿˡ
˵ƺЩУϽʥŮȷʵ氮ȥˣʥӸûˡ
·ڴŴ֮ǰ
ʥְУʥʥŮʲôûʵȨָӵӣҲֱӾκʥְߵǨ
ֻĳ̶ֳϵļϾ̻ʺͺ´ǲǵܣʱ˷ӦԼϡ
ʥʥŮǿԵģû
Ϊʲôûнѡ٣Ϊ͢ڵȴʮһεٹ֮ա
һգ񼣴½ңԶλ䣬ĳήʥΪǴ͸ʱҲ⿪š
žٹ֮һʥҲֱӹϵ֪Ǹô£Ҳ޴Ӳ²⡣
ȻԭǶȵĳ֮ڲѡʥŮֻΪʱȥ԰ˡ
ǵģԭҶȷʵҲ˯ʥŮ
úزٵŮǡ
һŴӳ죬һ߿ѡ̡
Լ࣬ҲͿˡ
ͽӲⱡⲻӣʦгͽļʸߣЩԲк˺ˡøֲֶֿμ׵ļһٷ֮˾ʮǷʦ
յ۹ָͽ࣬ټ߱ػѪҲ
ڽ͢ԣյ۹ߵʥְҪԸͷ۵¡

ſʽ̾˳˼
ʵֻҪ¸Щӳһ¹ͺãƩеĸھ䣬еĸѡȫΧǷѲվڵȵȣ¶òȥˡ
ңߵͬŻǵķӦǶûô¡
ӳ̶ȴžǵƳӵЩ˶Դ̬ȲࡪֻǵʱǷĶħʱǷȺµͽ
ɴͺҷһ¡
ʱ򣬴ӳһȻ͵ͷʾף˿֪Լû˵ʲôɵ
˵ʵҲյ۹ͬţһµ۹ܵʱ򡣡
ҶǱܵȥͼƬʱ򣬷ְĿռ䷨ʦʣ˵յ۹
ûµǰֻǲ˵ˣĿռ䷨ʦ
յ۹ħУΨռҲԪطʦԿռħ츳
иӳ̻شЩмǸȤĻʮǰǱһλСӻʧˡ
˴ӳ¶Ӷ񣬰뾫ǵһν
ע⵽һ㣬ҲûԼϵ󣬡
Ҳ֪ǷǵĻڶʱ߲Ҫ˵ɣֱӾܾͺãûС
һӳŭؿڣеŭѹƲסڡ
Ķҵ֣ûǼֻΪ˾ˣڶʽǳ˴󡣡
ǼһԱ˲ǼĵܵܣҲӻŮ˵ĵܵܣǰܵȥʥˡ
ԹȻǻԡ
⣬ӳȻͦȤģ뾫Ƕռûô񣬵Ҳǹ̸յ۹ȦӶл˵
ǸӻˡҲûл𣿡
ûУѾʧٺܶˣϣˡ
ӳûػش
յ۹Ĺף˷ռҵϢ沢ûдһӻ飬ÿһŮĻ״мأֻһŮǺ޼¼ġ
իh
ǵҶĸ׾֡
Ҷ񱻽ͨ͢ļҲ䲻׼ʰܵ𴦱ˡ
εĽ߲͢쵼ͨܵȨǰͣϼƱҲ
ԽǷٵĳУԽǮֵܱطĸ߽ʥְҲѰ
ڽڣŶӦͣ۶ǵĳǱһȦһ
ͬʱյһЩԸżߵħᴫͿݣ÷ǳ󣬲ȻںǮ

ֻзСĹѾȡ˺ܴĽչⳤʼͬдʦǶħ󲿷ֵħʦͷʦ
˴½ǵĹѾɣȻһС⡣
ŷ˼飬һѻɬѶרҵص㡣
վħѣЩʦǹȲִ壬ҲǮ㵽һЩ߽ħ޵ľڹܺѡ
ȻھƬǶħϣǳʮָӵħϡЩͬЧÿһֶһЩӰ죬Щħļ仹ụ֮Ҳûҵʺϵķ
ʦǰϸ˵һ£ΪܻⷽЩ⣬ṩʲôԵ
̧̫Լˡ
ΪһֻǿŽ̲ĵˣǵŶЩ

εľųͷʹſڰ칫ϣͷﳤźżĽŲ˳ִӿռָóöޱȵĶС
żȻؽͺ˷ѵ뷨ֽ˶ϡ
ͦÿġ
ſžԼص˵ͷ
ţҲôá
ȻһϤĵͳڶȣһ͡
ţ
ϱš
һֱ𣿴͸㿪ʼ
ֻԷ϶в˵ĵһʱ䣬˵ʲôһظ

ͬʱңԶλ档
㻨԰һƬž
ڲתķ֮ǰ
ɫؽ̸ţͬʱ֮ɺĽ
Ȼ䣬ں˫˵Ĺͣһ¡
˫ʱΧҲʶЩš
ΪԼ˾ʲô⡣
Ʃ˵ĪʵǶµô£Ͱ˷䵽ϲɨѷ죬ʵҪȥ
ȻǾĪط֣λƺ΢Ц
ӢĽoתһԭأƵԶ
ˣҶ˵ԼûΡ԰ǶκεطλзС
΢紵һƬ׵㻨԰ﴫЦö
ǰԴյ졣
ּ׵Ӱﷺɵɫߡ
վֵصӽ˿ٿȻкһ貵Ĺԡ
Цİ׽ҫڣȻ񶯵ᡣ


120 
ȻС
ʵе벻ԼΪɶִ͸ŵʲô
Ʃ˵˫澵ԼڵĴƬ
ףΪʲôҪϵҪǴʱϵ˴˵״̬
ԼȥѵҲϰ˸߿ƼıѧУͬѧϷϵѣδطҪʲôޱҪ˲Żᱣϵ΢źQQ֪ˡ
Ųǿ˵Լɡ
ֻŪ࣬ڼʲô֣ܺʶԼĳ˵뷨
Ȼ֪ʶԼĬʱ̫ˡ
ھųרװݻİ칫ǰĺڷŮվְδůıС
ҡ֮ǰҪԾûһ˯˺ܶ졣
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͵˽ѲߺڷȾƴƵĴӳǺ뾫ϤһٴС
SͽͨǱλãȥץǷԸȥۡ
ָϵյ۹ħͼĳϸһϸϸɫʾĿĵصľȷλá
Ҫȥռҽ輸ˡ


123 
ռҵļطռħħйأ۱һǷּҶڴ˵
ҵĵϵ϶ӡħ󣬷ʱսܡڵĸͬвͬѡˡ
ĸҲ⡣
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Щħҡϡ츳ûԱĺӣȫٱ͵ߵķա
˹ҲһԼİ취Ʃ红϶޷ӡǣ֤ҵʧãЩ廹ӡǷ۵λãĳЩﷸͻͷ
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һ㶼źϲּĿ˵˳㣬ͽû˻úöԴǵʬ壬ԼܻᷢʲôɣŹǽͷô
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ȼյʥûӰҹ谵ķӯ⣬һʱ硣

ʱ˿̵
㻨԰һƬžǳĬעǰ
֮һ֣Ϣر飬Ȼ΢š


124 
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˰ٶ˵޷ɱΪԭԼŷӡ˹

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ռҹСٲ룬ܵʥͽǶԴ˶ѣҲûʲô취
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ٹ֮սӽһʥҲҪˡ


126 
ʢʱŷǡ
ʥعƮҡϷʰɺ֮͹âʥûУ񷶥ȴԡҫһƬùԡ
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ʥ͸ˮƵգе羵ĺ
Ϊʥԣλӵʥ֮ء
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ĥһⷬ׾ʶЩУҲܹʹ񽵵ˡ
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ʥ֮⣬ʯשһֱǰ죬չһƬĿ¶̨
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Լ״̬ɱ٣ΪԷҲǸսʿˮƽ
Ȼսֻа׵ķݡ
Ǳǰһ·̸еһƣ룬ͺոսʮ׳̵ͨˣһһ߸Լӳָ״̬
ʱֹͣЧɢ֮ʱֹסŲһߴһ߻
иֳһŹŽĹ򣬹͵ϸĽ⡣
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*кܶ˵ʵѾѾĽǶȣҲ֪һʥ̺͹һ־δ֪İں棬Ի󣡣֪ʲôҲ֪


127 
ðɣʶԼһĪϷ
δ֪ӮҲδ֪
Ļ»Ҫȥֵܻд𰸡
ͬʱٶȼؼԼͷ
ʵﲢûзţֻʱڶʱħ
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һûԴ౻öܶ
ţ
һ𾪵໰
˼ԼԴŵ˲ϣѪ⿪ʼϵ˿Ҳʼϡ
ôվԭأſ˺۵ֱۡ
㿴͵طÿɱһˣҾͻøǿ
ϵȻз·лȼա
ǲҿǴ򲻹ġǹЩǿ˶ֻҪȰ˶ɱ꣬Ҿͻõ
𣿡
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һٴʱħʹûľ
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ͷľʹδɢǰʼŰ׹⣬ǱʱĻþȦĤϣһƵĴʹ
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128 
ⲻһҲһ
һξشɱ
ͼķһǣ˾Щ;ĩ·ʥְǡ
Ϊ޻԰oַѾʥְ߻ɱ׳ңνɱʮƷʤĹȻǳ
Ҳ֪ʱ˶á
һŵͨʱԼλáʵҲ˵ֻ̫ܸ߶ԷԼʲô
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Щֻһݵǰ࣬ǳȾһѪˮĻս·ҲֻҶ֮ǰ
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νĶħѪͳڴһʥתʥְߣյĴף˵ҲĶħ
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132 
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ŵͳϹԼ˺ܶԡ
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ΪԼΪ˴֪ԭҲ֪ԼôģԼǡ
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ϾôƽϲʹýģָĸԲϺš
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һһֱǲԿˣͷϵı˶ҪռڵȻվָ𣬾Ǹڵ·ռϷˡƭӣ
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ͬʱ֮кԼĽá
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133 
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134 
ЩãȻվڻҽʥ
ＫΪǽžµĳյϨع氲ȼţͶͫУ΢Сһػ硣
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ʱôһ΢ʱ̣ͻĪضġ
Ǹ΢ϸС򣬶ħŰɭ֣Զʥǣյ۹ܵİ칫ԷһʱӦԼĻ
һ̱ͬըѵ׹ˮ
ģԶԶδ԰ֵĳ̶ȡ
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Ȼʶعǹȥľ󲿷ʱŵڰ辫ϵ֧ʵϰ
Էƺûд֮ദ档
ôԸΪҪôǸĺˡⲻ̫ܣҪôҲеøеġ
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Ȼع͵Ļʶ⣬ŵһＫΪΪֻ׷ĳίԼ˺Ըѡ񽵵ͳɹʵĵɡ
Ϊʲôһ࿴أ
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136 
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Ǽ֮ǰбϸС˼
ʱŵܸܵڿ
Ǹ˵ľ˸ָãɥŭ껹һȤľ
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138 
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Ϊһһô
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ǰߴ˼֮ҲֻĪˣ֮ǰѵǸϼС
ҵľеһԱֻǱȽᣬζǷȱණǻۡҪǵ֣ϾǱҲϡͿػš
պ߳ƵĶħǣ൱¶Ĵڡ
ϸ˵ȻƩ˵ʦͨػûΡȲҪ̸ܽ¶ʲôֻҪһ˼ԷɺƵ̬ܽ¶չʾħò
ղʲôǡ𣿡
ˡ
ǸӰѨͿӰڿй
Щɫһղܽ¶Ҳֻ࣬΢һ㡣
ħ꣬ұܵ׷ЩΪꡪʱΪߵˣʱЩӯﷸ
Ǵ½ϵļƷЩ̷
ȤȱȱػشȻʳԺˣǶ̫ڴˣǸ֪ϣڱϲʲôõѡ񡣡
˼ǣϼƷȻϣһЩ̫һԸ𣿡
ղܽ¶ӣ뻹ǽףֻǲ֪Լ׵ĶȽϡ˶һǡ
Ĭһ˲ǣɫЦ뵣Ҳ뱻͸ղּһᲢۡ
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չѩ׵ëţȫȻ
һ룬Ӱ֮ͬգǰڻƻƵĻ»
·׳ľɫ۵ס
׹ϼͿĨƽԭˮҡҷӵˮϷ۽Ĺ⣬żЩɱǵӰңԶСȴʮ
߿еͬ˺ѿļ⵶ȴκ谭ʹ
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143 
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ΧȻʮְľԪ˷磬ǵ̹ûһԡ
б鲼ŸƵĹľ֦Ҷïͬľɡ
ī̵֦䣬Ӳ̦һֱƵ˻Ĵ׳ɡ
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פŴ۸ӵУȻǰƺֳһС
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ĳӾϷǸ򿴵ʱСͻʮԣŲĿ⣬··ֲڡ
Ȼ粻·ĻֻĿĵشȻŷɵֵϿգҲȻ֪򡪡̫ˡ
֮ǰľ飬ĳ֮ڣѿ򣬳Ѿߵ˱߽硣
ڿ֮ǰγȺҲЩ򽻴ĵش
źС
·Щ۵ĹսǺͲ·ڣΧĹ߱ҶƬڱΣżһ΢⴩͸֦Ҷ϶䵽ϣ·ָóδת
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չ˷ԲףеĴ׳еϸ鼷һͬһƬĺ󣬷·Ҫռ䶼顣
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Ǽ·ΧǰУƹȦ֮ƺǿ桪
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ͬʱùһʳ
һ·ħȵľ壬Сܵ⸽̵棬ţŹѺѪⱬƵѪķ϶ѳһܵĺɫơ
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ûзξпһĹ飬ǿʵǵκԸֻҪ㹻Ĵۡ
ǣͨξٻһλ飬ԷԸ
һλӦٻԽǰͬ뽫ǿ׸Է
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ϣΪ˸񣬾ǡ
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лҪ˵
ȿҪľ塭ʵҲsanx


144 
㻨԰ԡξɫÿһƬӽҶ϶Ų»ԣͬĻƽ
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145 
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