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ᣬС
ġй⻷ӭղشߡ
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ģֲã񲻺ãҪҪʲôҩ
ҶȴԽԽ
˵õʮ˭֪Ȼųȥ
ŷ֣¼ԭԼӡ
ллĨ̴ɰķ桿
ʳָϣ
1.ˬˬˬ
2.ܿʱлĻؽΪ
3.Ƽ봽[Ȧ]֮һձȫ硷
4.ո6000賿Ĵ֣¼
5.1210Vʱ³䣬лл֧
6.ʾorµȵ⣬ɲͷ绰ѯ
ݱǩ Խʱ   о
ؼ֣ǣҶ  ǣ  
vipǿƽ
Ҷһͳ˻ϵĳϲӣӲðֲãʱҶعѵıԵ̽
ɾڳ׺ԽԽã˵ʮ˭֪ųȥˡ
ŷ֣¼ԭԼӡ
ıʴϸ壬ֿۣܰһչϸϸѰ򸾼ճ


1 
ҶǱһѵġ
ЩãȻ۾žͿԼǰסһƬɫ
ʶȥץɻûҶͻȻס
ˣ
Ҷ⾪ȣûԼ֮ǰΪ˻ζ
ıһ˲Σǧ꣬ȴٳٲܻΡ
źһСѾȥȻˣϻưԣСܱܶˣƫƫʣ
ҶΪûٷǸ꾫ǺԼҫжôóԺúȻпӣɻ
С˲ξʲôõģֻҪܺóԺúȣһѵ˵񫡣
˭뵽ֻ˯һɽٶûУȻôˣ
ҶԼַ㶣ȥĿԽԽúÿ
˫֣ƯÿС˫Ҳȥ
ǻû꣬Ƽһֻץס֡
ҶŷԼڽϵĲ¶һİ
ҶɩűͷסҶϿţȴЦ˻
ҶҶҵСŮĸ滹硣
ҶҴгϢģҲûдôӢ
ƫƫǰ֮Ҳûͷ껹Ǯʱһͭ嶼ûУǰ˴˵ҶɲξԺսϣʬǶûС
ԱҶɵı£ҶɾʵʵڵķһֵزɣҲ˸׵ԺҶɾǮƵģûðҶұͲļҵ׸˸ɾ
ûǮҶɩֲǸӵˣͰҶϡ
ҶƯҶɩģԼСӱЩСҲʲô
ֻҶСƽʱţҶҲģ£ڼ£ũһ㶼ģǸũŮȴҶɳ˸Сˡ
ҶɩǸ׳Ըɷ׸
ҶɻزˣҶֿסƫһĸһֱžҪˣѰ˳ϲҶɩͻŪҶɣȥƭ˵Ҷģҵӣ׼Լ׸Сˡ
Ͽޣǿ޸ַǿġ
ǻﴧųӣҶɩҪס̵ǡ
˶˵ǰСΣ
ֻﻹںԼûһ绨ܱϵŮأ
ץҶ֣ӽ濴˵ţҪָɩɩҲǮ˼ңȥֻǣǧҪ֡
Ǳ̨ʾǣδǻҶҶûϵˡ
ҶδعҲҪٻ׳Է
Ҷû˵ʵҶɩ˵Ļһ䶼û
ҶɩȴҶĳĬĬϣ⣬ҶһΣвԼҪԾ˻Σ
Ҷ˵˾䣺˻ΣҵˣԺͲҪˣ֪
ҶȻû΢΢׼ջ
ƫʱҶļ˳Ÿ첲ȥҶɩۼ⣬һ۾ͿϴŵĽ
ҶɩϵãǵҶ̫̫
Ϊ̫̫ԺⶫҲ˭֪ȻҶ
ҶɩȻҶκһͭ壬οЩҲ֪ҶôŵģȻܲصڣ
ŻξҪ·Ҷɩ־ȥץҶĸ첲УҵĶ㲻˼Ҵ
ѾоӵҶЩĿɫƵŮˣҪֳȴŮúܣһ¾Ȼû
Ҷɫ
꾫˵˶ھһֱж⣬ǱˣҪġ
Ů˵ĺһ䶼ûǿȴҶֺݺץҶɩһѣ
Ҷɩһ͵˼
ղֻװģĸɺھͳ溿ֹֹס
ֻΧĽַҶɩϷϾŮҵСӶȥ˳ϲʲôģ
ҶɩһƫƫѾֻ̧Ҷɩں졣
ҶԭҪץ֮ܵɾڻ˲䣬ԴͻȻЩҶļ䡣
С˲ξһʱףԼǻˣǽ˱˵ӡ
ڣҪ޸һҪˣ
ɱˣҪ̾˲
С˲ξȴܸˡ
ʲô̫δı๫ǻҲں
ֻ֪Լһݣˣ
ܿ죬Ҷ֪˲ôġ
ΪʲôҪ˱Žţ
ΪʲôҪ裿
Ϊʲô˼У
һվͷҶЩãȻĿߵĴ󹫼˿󹫼ϵŵĺӣֿ˿ǣźһ˵ԼͻȻ˺ѣ߰ôࡣ
ֻͦʵģ֪òóԡ
ûԹС˲ξϣˡ
ҶϿֱͦͦվҶɫ̫ÿ
ҶǴҶģеȴģΣΪȫֻҶԸŮ޸Ǽҡ
ǵĶȷʵûûˣ˭Ůعѡ
˸ԸϲģҶҶһ۵ʱ䶼ûУͼææ˸ӣȢˡ
ȻǳϲҪʢ󣬰ϲ졣
ȻұȲóЩǮˣڴҲǸǴͣ˲
˭֪ҶվˣȻһ
ϵЦЩŲȥȻ֪һúõĹ޹ػѣ˳ģҪǲ˵ˣ˦Ӹ˭
ϵ۾ŲֻϣЩ
ôǻء
ޣֺ½գֻܱţˡ
ﳣϲµߵҶߣһקסĸ첲ѹӣ£ˡ
Ҷ۾ڶŴ󹫼һʱûзӦ
ƫʱȺͻȻЩӡ
Ͽˣ͵վ۾Բˡ
Ҷܿ͸оԼһֱֻץסˡ
˵Щ䣬ģŪҶʶսָ
󣬾˸ͳѼߣһûء
лҪ˵ޡ
¿ӿڣ
ڿոӭղأ=w=


2 
Ҷ۾ôӴ󹫼Ųˣźɫĸͷߵˡ
ҶһͷΪͷһжʺɫҶЩΡ
˵ȷʵЩ̫ˣҶԾֽ˽ָ⡣
оŮ΢СĶ
СӲã첻㣬ǺúõţҲһֱģϰ߰ҩˮȵӡ
˵ʮѾʮģȴȻǿš
ֻǼǰһѰķ纮ǺԼҲ֪ӿ˶ˡ
Ҳ֪㣬Ÿһ³ϲ
ԭǲͬģԼ֪Ȣ˭ǵ˭ƫƫϵЧʼߣҶɩͲСӵģһļ֮¾Ͱѻ¶ˡ
ɵ˰õӣǿŲ壬ԶԶһµŮ߾Ȼһֻ
;ҶӼ޸Լǿ͹ãֻԼԺҲûƵ
ֻЩ˼ֻǷ˵ĻЩӲź񣬹á
ҶоɿԼתѺ·ŽԼϡ
ҶĶȴỺñקקȥһӵҶ˵ĺøв
ץ˺۾¡
أݸãҶ΢΢ЩɬѧĶ
һֱ԰ݵʱҶڿ
ͷҲпɫǵüģҶǺܺÿġ
СϲǸҪÿ
ǣڶ԰ݵʱŮ˶Լ˵ĵһ仰
ÿ
ģģ΢΢һ㶡
ȴûʱ룬ֻ͵һͷϾ亹ð
ʵǲܹҶѾƣȥҪվ̫ס
ȴû˹ԼΪϲãⱲֻһεĳʱ̣˿Ц
˭֪ҶôţֱͦĹ棬һ
ոˣ㲻ʲôǳ׵ʱͱ˻Ρ
ղǸģͲ
һʱ䣬ϲһ˿˿Ρ
һԵϲż״æǰַҶЦǺǵĵǻϲˣˡ
Ҷգգ۾վͿƺЩֱ֣ס
˵ָȻǱģҶ߬ǰסǸո˷
һԿŵڷӦסϸǿɫԣҲ˲ʲôˣţУй
оԼͷ϶麹۾ȴִŮ˺Լյתת
ůҲϺõĽС
ң֪ǲԼĴܾøոձҶ߬סֵʱϵͻȻ˲١
ҶȴûʱȥһĸߺΧȥһ䷿ֵİóϲҲĻ
˶ߺϲǾ뿪ˣյģֻҶһˡ
ֵģֵб̻Ķ˵ΪγϲҰ㹻ʢ
ԽԵİ
Ҷڴһ󣬼ûԼְѸͷק
ղ˶࣬±˷ԼԭҶһжСģڼȻûڣҶҲͲװš
ͷӵһԣС˲ξվȦ۾ͱϵĸ˹ȥ
ղŵһͨĹҶҲоΪ˺һеĿ
ˡ
Žʱ򣬿ľŸҶ
һ㶣ֹϷţߣųĬĴԼġӡ
ǵãҶո˵ÿҶر仰
Ưǳ໹ζһëرһ˫۾ˮŲߡ
ҶԼѸͷ˵飬û׷
˿ҶԵӹĹңҲû˵ʲô
ȥ˱裬ݸҶЩԣҭ
Ҷƺע⵽˽ˣͷȴûнӹ豭ǾְĲˮˡ
΢΢ȣǿһһЩæģͷŻ˱顣
̶¶Щۡ
ǸܿɰĹ޸ˣǵˡ
Ȼո˵Լ£ֻ龪һ֪һԼᵹºҲ
ܾվҶ棬ĵĵҶĵʽȥ޹ˡ
ʱţҪҶ˵һԼ⣬ܸ̾Ҷ롣
ʵѾһűĺ顣
ȻŮӿܹò̫ãҪػعǿ
ҶȴûиԹЦü䣬ղлл㡣ҪûǱ裬¾Ҫҭˡ
ⶫóԣеɡ
ȴΪлԼѹ԰õ£лⱾҵķ֮¡
Ҷգգ۾ͻȻȻ
ֲ˶ϲףԺˮιá
Ҷû˸ͷţҲܰɫˡ
˵Ǻÿģɫʵеڲͬ
ɫ԰ף۵Щɫ촽Ҳ͸ŲĵɫҹͻȻֹСҹġ
оҶڿҲɵýӲһ˲ϵϸ΢Ҳɢȥȡ֮αװԼӲ
ǰ⸱ģ˭Ҫ׽
Ǹ֮ˣ˼ҾѾܺˣָʲôϲ
ѺҲ˼¡
ɲ˵ʲôҶ𣺡Բԣ˵ţѵǰơ
һʱûзӦҶһᣬҡͷҲ԰ɡ
Ҷ͵仰أЦеķŽֹһ顣
Īľеɰе
ָҶ˱裬ɵʵǰҵʱԲ𣿡
Ҷ룬ŬһԭҶļ䣬ҡҡͷЩ棺ǰԵñԲ
Ҷ֮ǰҶеĳԣҶ֮ҶɩϲϼԽԽ㣬ƽʱ˺ϡ࣬ɩɩԱˣȴܳԱ
ҶЦǺǵ˵еĳԾͺܺˡ
Ͼϱ˲ξڵģԻ֮ʵ˵˾ǳ
С˲ξɵ죺ãԺóˡ
ȵ۾߳Ҳ͵ض˼¡
ǰԹ
ԼҪĸ飬һȥ
һʱ䣬ûűֽƺǧء
лҪ˵ޡ


3 
Ҿ͵ȥ
׼õĺǳͲֱֱ֣ϣҶһİĵ
Ա߰ŵĺûжĻԲҲڷŵ롣
ҶȫЩϰףǲСƵģֻǿҶ۾𽥵Ⱦů⡣
һµŮ˳Եĺڣȵֻʣʱ֣αϣϵЦݸ㡣
ϱʱ̫ˣҶǺ㡣
ɵÿҳԱˣʲô
⻰԰׵һº͵Цݣָָȥ˯ɡ
˭֪һ룬ͿҶ۾
С˲ξﻶڴ˯ãܹˣ
ã
ȴҶĻϲЩĪֻܹᵽҶҹӲãʹûС
ҲǣܰӾ˼ܺõȥ
ﱾԷҲĴ֪ȾͷԸһ齡
ֻ֮ǰ뷨ǣ˯˯齣ƫƫ˹
Ϩ򣬵͵͵Ŀʵ˴ɫϲԼʵʵ
Ҷڴϣȥģ˷ܵú˯ȥ
ڶ˯͡
ӱԲټϳ׵Ĺָ⸴ӣƣЩһ񣬸ҪС˲ξлúϢͬʱԭļԼںϡ
ЩңҺýӹ˼䣬Ȼǲġ
ֻҶǣˣȻ˯š
ƿ´Ҷߵ˯ŵǰ£˫°ˡ
˯˵ɫȻ԰ףЩݣž첻ӡ
Ҷ֪Լˡ
ʲôǳףҶ֪ǾһϼںϣڵҶף׾һ˺һŮ˰һ𣬴ӽԺ빲
ڼ޸Ҷʮ⡣
ҶɩϲҶʣֻһ㣬ԻŮ޲̫ܳ࣬ʵﶼѺóԵĸӳˡ
ò˵С˲ξȻԸֻҪÿܳĵĶǺõģŲҪȥҶҸСء
ֻǣӲãҪôԸԼιˮȵ˻ҶԼҪЩӡ
ʱĽë΢΢һ󻺻۾
ƼͷЩȡ
ӲãҹҲΣ˯ᣬ΢е춯ͻѹ
ȴѵõ˯˸þ˯ͣǽЩͷһ⡣
ɵҪȥϵû𣬽һŤͷƼ˶ڴߵҶ
ҶˣһЦĶȴ͵غ
ŮֻĨغͳ㣬ϸϸĴӽھ¶˰ӨӨļֱֻۣǴæһۣҲܿŮ޳Ĳ;µǡ
Ѱ˵ûʲô
ɶԣ̼еˡ
̱ǽȥ·á
ЩӲһĸԼҪƽʱĻƢԴС鼱֮£仰˵Ӳģ˵ͺˡ
ƫƫҶ⣬ЩΪʲôǽ˵
˻ȸղ˺ࣺܶǶ˵ģȥ·á
Ҷֿ˿ǽȷȷʵûˣȥϲڹԱߵ·ϣżѻ鸾˵ķͰͷ
ʧΣγɹС˲ξĬĬԼɡ
ֻϤϤֿʼա
ȵû˶Ĵӱɫ糣̧ͷһ۾Ϳ׼ʣĵҶ
æȻȻ緹óԲˡ
Ҷһ⻰֪緹ĺóԣ̾˸ոջĲеСģĵĴȥ緹
ֵûƢֻѸٵĴ·ȻҶȥھ棬˫˫˷䡣
һţҶͿһԶˡ
ƫͷʵ˭
ɨһۣӺСأҼҵ軧ĺӣƽʱæġ
ҶɵЦʲô
΢΢ʹƽ˭ҶҪܵġ
ʹƢҲЩĮټϳɫ԰۵ϣ˲Ҳϰˡ
Ҷ⻰ȴƫͷ˺һ󣬵ȴС԰ʱǸߵߡ
ʱ͸оиӲԼġ
ůϺõĶӡ
ĽŲһ٣ͷ˿˽յ֣Ŀ⻺ŲҶϡ
ҪҪʲôǶҶЦӯӯģʲôʲˡ
һ²԰׵ĴǣͻȻʶˣ쾭顣
˵ҶҶã˯ҲǻزȥģԼڸöЩġ
ӣӣӡ
һͨ裬С֣ӡ
ȴû֣߼ҪԼƵľȻ˳ߵݣȻɫ԰ףûð亹ˡ
ҶĻ˽յ֡
飬ʱ֪ҽҩʲôģ˲ξľǱʹ̲ЧԼɡ
βȴǣֿʼ
лҪ˵=w=
˼Σ1ڡллôôౣ


4 
ҶԳԷʮڴû뵽Է֮ǰв顣
һȦˣС˲ξֳ˿ͷ
˿ڼ򵥣ûкķ̫ʱ䡣
ĸĸ⣬һһܡ
ѣ޷ϣ׻ڶ飬֮Ⲣû̫ݡ
ĽǣҼԭڱǨӵû̫ס
ҲζҲ̫ܽ赽¶ҪԼŬҶһ㶼⡣
ٹ򼸴ǼΣҪôʲôá
͵͵ϥǣҶţ˿治ף쵽죬Լľǹ¡
˵ʱҶտһԼλ๫
ûĬĬվһԣ۾ֱֱĿǰһ˿鶼ûС
ĳ̬˵Цɫ԰ףôһվʱҪǻڴǶҪǲǸˡ
Լιˮȵºģˡ
˳Էʱ򣬾ֻʣĸϺСڡ
ҶϰŵĲˣģոΪȥЩưŷ˵һɨա
ȴҪֵʱסŮ˵֣ɿﶯܳԡ
˵ҲʲôŴ󻧣ҲϿǸܵڻҪеġ
ҶزãеĹӸҶҡ
ԲȻúý̹أҪǻ˼ңԼҽﲻ֪ҪԶٿͷ
Ķˡ
ҺýԼԺ̾ͺá
뵽ɫһʵڲ֪Լܻá
ҶȻŬѧ˵С˲ξɵãҲѧģС˵ͦģ󡣡
ԭЩ䣬ҶĻ΢΢һ㶣ʲô
Ҷ˻֣ģղžŲ豭ˣ󣬸ղС˵ְ꣬˵ġ
⻰١
ʱȷʵеᣬҶ˶ǣǣ֣Ҳøಹ
ûʣ£סָ⣬֣档
Ҷ΢΢۾
ȷʵͦģá
ϼ˵Ļ¶Щ⡣
ʵҶҺҾ㲻ŵԣҪĴһʮȫʮĶϱֻҪ취ԼҶӳϲ
Ҷɩ˵Ҷ⣬Ȼɡ
ƫƫ⣬˵ܵ˼ңշתһӣӣȴ˵లµ˯һ
ȻϾʱƽʱ˲ٵɫϿϲϡ
Ҷ׼ҲʲôֻҪܺúõģ϶Ծ㹻ˡ
Ҳ׼ϱʲôأ˿ӣҶ˷ܵؿͷŸӣԹԵİŪһ£ܿ˳ļһ⡣
лԭļ䣬ȻҶȥץ
һ룬ͿԼһӲ˷Ž
ǲˣҶõɬΪԼղʹʹˡ
Ҷҡҡͷһ˫۾ģЦۡ
ľһ۵ĿӶòȻҪ˵ۣۡĪеůָ˿⡣
Ҷ̫ԲʲôɶͶιΪҶ߲ܡ
Щ˽ʲôҶһ֪֪óԣǸҲóԣóԣ
ĵĺóԶˣ
ã
ҶԵ̫㣬Ҳƽʱ˰뷹Цݡ
ߺϾվȥǰ£ϵĸԼҶ
ǺҶطǸղűѰ˵㣬ЩţʹҶԺתȦ˳Ҳҡ
ǵԺӣǱǴɩģܣǵ軧סĵطߵúҲǻģֵܶǸԸġ
Ҷգգ۾Ϊʲô
˿ʹʹҪȥׯϣҪȥ飬и˵񣬡ҲڼҰſ˱ʲôɡ
˵͵͵Ŀ˼ոջеϸᣬʧ١
͢ǰụ̃ȻλȻȲöʿӣǳ͢ϳ˶˵ֽŮԿƾ٣Ǯ٣òǮº̡
Ҿһһҩ̣Ѱ˿ˣΪֻѰˡ
ӲòȥׯӣҲΪ岻ɰסƾأȻȺ飬Ҳڼаæ˱
ǰʲô֮˱ûʲôָĲ䲻ΣҲûͷˡ
קһָСӣ;Լûá
ʱҶȵ๫㲻ʶĶ֣ˣ
̧ۿ̫ҶпĶģȴǻصš
Ҷգգ۾ͻȻסĸ첲Цü䣺๫
仰˵еЦãʲôģ
Ҷ룺Ҳ๫ᣬ๫
仰ϣȻҶ٣˼ݴȻȻ԰׵¶ЩЦ⡣
ոմǰһֱûʲô飬ͻȻЦҶۡ
ÿЦÿ
ȴûעҶߣֻͻ˻Щֵĺã⼸£ҽְɡ
Ҷ̵ͷָ߬⣺ãѧɿˡ
һۣŶ֪ˡ
ҶһͷôдŲأ
ʱת˺Ժһ԰
Χ˼ң԰ӴֲֻݣҲѼĵط
Ѱǲģ˵˵Żߵ׼ȥ
ҶȴۼǱָָ
˳Ҷ۾ȥֻһȺļ΢΢üʲô
Ҷֻࣺ󹫼βϵëر𳤣Ưˡ
ȥȻһֻβÿĴ󹫼ȥ硣
оŤͷƼǵʱֻ̧̧ԴŤͷƨɶǣһмһ˵ӡ
ǡ
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Ҷÿӵʱ򣬾ͷһΧ۵˲١
ʵţ忪ʼںſˡ
ҶڵĴӲûд󻧣ţҲֻд峤ңƼţȻ档
ͿţͣҶԺ⣬Ȼ˼ǰֵӭ׶顣
㣬ҲҶӻŵˡ
Ҷǰţʶ˲࣬ʹҲֻǵǸǵͷĹ˵ССģûģ
С˲³ʱȴǵü˳۵ӡ
ǰС˲Σڹˣһˣչˣ˲ξѹͲáԱʲô
ոճˣʲô๫ġ
๫˵ֻҪҶǰСģ˭¡
³ʱҶСغӵ֣ڡ
ϸ·ȲóŮĻȴҲǾµģõĺãҶƯǳ
ģȰΧ۵Ĵһɵ
ǸǵСҶӣ
Ҳ̫ÿЩҪ֪ҶĺģҶҵżͱý˲ˣ
ҶŲ˻Ҷʱһʱ䶼̫ϣֱ߽˲㶿ڣСã
лҪ˵ϱߵĵһʱ֪û
Ҷ춹ȵĺó



8 
ҶŤͷȥ˵Դļ亰˾䣺硣
ֻǺһС˲βʶҶɣҲ˵ʱĿ׺ѣȻû˵
Ҷȴûע⵽Щ۾ҶҶһֿ˿һԵţҶЩȡ
ǵͷԼϴŵĻǼЩƾɵѣԽΡ
֪Ҷûţȴû뵽һ˳
ҶҸû׼Ҫõľϯ
һƬľУǰһվҶߡ
϶ӣ֪ҶǸ׵ģԼҶϱȥǸƢԿӸŹΪıܻҶ
ֻҪϲģҲЩ
һҼһ·ˮûء
Ҷգգ۾ǸղŻ˺춹˲ģ
Ҷһ죬æǰƿţ溰ϱˣ
ͻʲôҶɩһĲͷ
Ƽ̣ҶɩͻȻס죬۾ţתתȻֿҶϵĴһš
ҶҲûʱˣæкҶݡ
ҶҶɩʱͻȻץԼ֡
ʶİֱҶĬĬƿСغӶ࿴Ҷɩۡ
ҶɼԼϱţæȥ޵㷹ﲻǻеȥƣ㡣
Ҷ⻰ȴҲԷˣȻߡ
Բ٣ҲҪʱ
Ҷһ˴ڼϸոֹһͨʹҶԼͷҲȫȷİȫ
Լ๫Լۣô䣬ҶȻҶҶ
̽ӻҶѻԲˣ۵أǺˣƲ
Ҷ
Ҷҷ⻰ȴǱ鸴ӣҶľګӦһ첽ҪԼ˵˵Ҷɩһֱûл
Ҷȥ⣬ҶɩҶȥӵģȻҲڰԼСӼ޸˶˵ǽ
Ҷɩǣ˼죬Ҹհϲ¾Ҫɥ¡
ҶϲӲõģҪ
ҶɩһֱĶôƲϵٵԼ԰׷ƫƫҶھȻͨĸӰ˹úá
˭뵽ҶȻܹӣ
񣬸˼Һ˼Ǿأ۳ҶվȽŸˣҶɩûеĿ
˵ģҪǵҶҲǿңҶɩһӵӾͱùˡ
ҶɩԼǮһк˵ҶκԼûϵ
ͷܣ֪ĽǼʣյĿۡ
ȴЩڰЩ
С˲αͺҶû飬˵ĻҶҲǶûȥ
Ҷȴܿû˵ˣ˰춼֪ܺҶʲôɡ
˰죬Ҷɲűһ䣺Сãú 
Ҷͷá
гкȣȻǺõġ
ҶŬԼЦһ£ţþͳɣþͳɡ
ʱиµĺܽݣڿҶʱŤͷܳŴ£ҪԵ˳ԡ
˭ó˵ı˭ֻҶû˿Ӧ
⺢ӽҶҶɺҶɩΨһĶӣƽʱųŹˣҲƤúܡ
ҶûҶ÷һ䡣
ʵҶһҶԭҶãûŰϰҪһĿ
ҲһҶĻҶû䣬ӶǵȻҪȥҩ԰ӵ飬ɫƽʵ⡣
ȴһ۾İԲʱơ
ͷҶɩæסҶ죬ҶЩ޴룬֪ҪҶ˵ǸҶǸ
ϾҶٽԼСˣ޸ңǿﲻ
Ҷȴķˡ
С˲αͲҲûʲô飬Ͷӵ裬Ѷ»ذɣе㵣๫
̽ŵĶŵϣӲͷǴֽŵǡ
Ѱ˼һŴǸҶǣԵùء
Ҷɻ˵ʲôģոձĵģ㲻Ҫ⡭
ãԭˡҶƮƮһ仰ͰҶеĻ˻ȥ
ҶĲں
ѹʶҶˣҶԱС˲ξ˵ڸ뿴๫ԱˣŸ춹
ĳԣҶǸС
Ҷû˻˵ŵſڣĿҶţ뿪
ߣ趼ûꡣ
һֱҶŵţԶҶɲŹԺţҲ۷׷ס
ɵݣƼϵĺѾҶ򿪣ĺֽҲ߰㣬Ҷ
˵ùԺͲ𣿡
ҶûƼҶɽţﺬǣ˵Щ档
ǲҶģǰҶڼʱҶĶԣټҶɩܱ߶ҶĲãҶǸӣȻѧ
ǽʱͬգҶҶϱλãССﲻģֻԲ˵
ҶɩҪѾҶ۾ţһץסҶĲӣ⻰˭ģ
ҶɵˣҶɩǶһ¡
ʵֻһţҶôģȥЩ̵ܺùٴһݼױ޸ׯں
Щ̨ܷϣ˽ҶɩֹһθڰѳԸɷȥһء
ѵԼ͵͵˵ЩСҶѧȥˣ
Ҷȴûǣ²ӣͷġ
û˵꣬Ҷɾȥ㣬Ҫ
Ҷſޣһקŵֽһء
Ҷȴǰ۶ûС
Ҷ׸磬ʹҶôб£ҶҲһ·Ҷġ
֪ԼԵҶҶɰѶӵҲϱǰҶԵÿ֪ЩֻǴδȰҶЩö֮Ҷ˵ҶҲ·
ˣΪԼİڷ̫ƽ
Ҷ¶ʱҶһֱԼҶȥģ˼ҿʮ˴ĸýȢҲĲˡ
ոҶʱһĸҶɾԼû
ҶĻֱӰ߲
ǾǰҶˡ
ôοԼϲʵ
Ҷ۾죬ģҶɩˣǸԵӣСҶҪӣܹȥſ˵ҶҶɿ޺Ҫȴңҵıҵӣ㶯һԿ
⻰ҶɲͷֻҪԼҪѵӣҶɩͻ⻰
ҶǸ챿ģһӵĻȴ˵
˰Ҳֻһ䣺⺢Ӳ񻰣ٲѵԺĳˡǰ˵޶ܳ裬㡭
磬֪磬綼ˣҶɩֽţҶ㣬ġ
Ҷ﷢£뵽ԼδĴ磬뵽ͲСãҶӵϵ㣬۾ϣһƣȻ
ȻҶƺҪƷĿ̵˶ۡ
Ҷɩ͵͵ȥ£ڵϵǣҶһֱһҶȥݡ
Ѿ뿪ҶҶҵĳһ֪ţϣ۾ͷ
ԶԶƼҩ԰ԺʱҶգһ۾ŤͷСصеˡ
СԣŵСӡ
յģʱװŵĺ춹Ҷָǳˡ
ӿ˿ͷԶԶƼҩ԰ҶЦҩ԰ӲԶ̲ȥЪЪŰɡ
áҶʹ⣬̵ͷ
˳ʵʲôȥ׼
Ҷգգ۾Цŵ
ʲôϡӾ˳첽ԺӺߣСģúܡ
ҶǺСһȥǰϢСС·һһĵģ۾Ҷ̣ܷҳһ𣿡
ܰҶ۾ɹŵҩģ⻰ĵͷ
ͲΪ˳ԶģӦĸʹ졣
СЦۣţүƽʱģˣǶƢȴõĺܣ㲻㻥
Ҷǰһվȥ԰Сؼæϡ
ΪһҩһûʲôͬҲûжôҩġ
԰вľܣڷŴɹҩġ
ҶһȦ
ĵǣеһУǣܱõҩﶼû
ò̫ģҪ̲ҩֲ̫ܲеķִ籾Ͳ
Ӳ⣬СҲ⣬Ҷת˺üȦȴûúö֢ġ
ЩʧʱҶͻȻŵһ㡣
ģرҩζŨصԺϸֱŲ
Ҷȴ۾һ´ǽ¿˸һ֦濪ССĺɫ䡣
ӭҡҷ⶯ˡ
ҶǰչȥţζϤ
Ҷǵóġ
ʱ򣬾и̣緹ˡ
ҶͷͿ˸İˣվʵ˭
԰ӵĹ£̺ҶͺˡЦеĶҶ˹֣ȥǸˡ
ҩ԰Ӻҩһ壬˱Ҫ͸ȥܵġ
ȢӣϿصӸţ֪λ̵˿أȻԹӴˡ
ҶҲЦЦȴû̻ǰָָ컨ʵʲôʱģ
ǰһºӦʯѿݣ̫ҲûʲôãӦ԰ҩͯԺֵģˡ
Ҷ׷ʣǲź컹ʯͷģ
ͷ˵ĲǳʯͷȻҲʯѿˣǼʶ㡣
Ҷ᲻صƨûʲô̫ķӦֻǶʯѿơ
ֲҶϱӵʱ٣˶죬ѩ˼ɽֻЩССĺ컨ʢţѩȼǵƵġ
ֻǵ˵ڶĴ죬컨лͨͨҰ
Ҫǧ˲εԱߣ˲˵ڶ괺Ứлᣬʵ͸ѩףǲɶõĺҩ
Ѱ֮˳̲֮˳˱
С׺꾫ɾǿŰ׺Ȼġ
ҶͷŽС¶һĨЦݡ
ɣҲǸǧ˲
лҪ˵ҶͻȻԼݱʾ
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ʸʱ䣬Ŀǰǡո18:00Ҹ
ȸ


9 

ҶĻöЩ⣬ϾСȻڿһ˰ҲûʲôôԲҲСĿԶĻѤá
ǶԥûеĴӦһʯѿҶˣ⻮㡣
кһԵСͯʯѿŲҶڵȻǳʯͷģڻſʯͷɡ
ҶǵʯͷϣֻţСñƣþͻġ
ȻҲϲ
Цŵ˵ǣŤͷСͯȥʯͷ
СͯѰ˿ʯͷڻԱ̶ʯѿݱŲȥ֮ȻҡźɫСȸղžܶࡣ
ҶԼ裬СۼֿĽӹڻɣϸࡣ
⻰СϴҶ˵ģʳҶοˡ
뵽ԼβͺͺСڣСصıӶ
ҶҲ֣Сؽǰ߱ʣ£ʯѿݺѰ𣿡
̻ص࣬ϸСֻܻһģѰ˶̫ϵãǲҡ
ҶЩϧ̰ġ
һѾ˵ˣٶҲǿ
ǰѾ˵ŪСˡ
ҶȥС۰Ͱ͵ĿԼɵһ֣ӵһɣҲЩһ·Ƕˡ
СЦҲƴǣлҶͷֳһݲ˵һȥˣҶҲѵСʢһݡ
Ҷ۾ʯѿݵСӶԼҪôСЩĵһ׵Ž
ǲ֪ʲôģղҶһֱ߶żסˡ
ڵںҶֻøỬܾ׽ļأͣ㡣
ԭҶһ˵һھͣˣһ붼˶ӡ
ӣҶһ
á
ȳ԰˷ҶʯѿݵĻ裬ţߡ
յ̻ԼԺӣӼ죬СҪСŲܸϡ
ҶƿʱһƼЩȵĿƺû뵽Ҷôͻˡ
Ҷ۾ɴЩ촽΢΢
ЩĪѰҶǰ˵ЦģͷһοҶģﲻţԼˣ
½˺ҶкŻСظԼѸٵĹš
Ȼͷʱüͷ𣺡๫ӦҪģҪֳ˷ô졣
ҪúڴŲŶԣôء
ҶǵɵһЦϵıʣº͵˯˰죬϶ˣ˷ʱ仹ˡ
ǻȥŵĺãɲˡҶǰ£ԼȴûѣϵĺײҶֹס˲ӣԼȥɺãš
Ժ㲻ͷΣѵõ̹ҶͷĹůģҲܾվȥ˴ϣñӰԼǵʵʵ
ȰԼãſҶüƽͣôô磿
ҶüչϴЦҷĲ㣬ͻˡ
⻰ֱ̹ϣС˲δǸʲô˵ʲôģȴĵů
Ⱥģ浽Ŀ
Ҷû¶ϸжŵ·ȥҩ԰һ
СһֱԹԵվһԣҶĻ̾˾ٻĻ衣
ֻɨһۣʯѿݵټҲס
ҶЩȣ๫Ҳʶ˵̫ء
ʲôϡ棬ƽʱ£˲飬дұסˡ
๫
ʲôġô˵ϻЦģ
Ҷȴܼ֣ܰϿĶסԼ๫ǱĶࡣ
ܿ죬뵽ʲô̧ͷʵԺǲûȥ
Ҷʵҡͷûء
ЦЦǸȥģֵܼȥĶԺҪȥҲİŮؼȥһҲá
ҶһĻģ̵ͷҼǵˡ
ȥҲö˵ʲôֻ˵һжþˡ
ҶΪ֮Ҫѧ֮һܹԵĻصá
ڳ֮ǰҶСأʯѿҪĵطȥˡ
СصͷųȥϵԺӡ
СȥڷŻ裬ȴβסľȡ
˽İ﹤ӵһοʼûλүʲôƢ
ǲ˵Ǹˡ
˵Цˣǻû˵Ρ
ɸղҶЦôͣ˵ҲůůģȻȻݲ԰ףȴ˲ʻϢ
СͻȻԼǰǲүˣʵֻɫѿ
ǵСذںûתͷȥʱ򣬶ϵľһĮ
׵ڵۣɫƽʱģһ޶
Сغһ䣬嶼סˣֻոյԼһơ
Լں˼ʲô
ղĶүȻǴ
Ӵϰͷһ˫۾Сء
Сؾһĵվֱͦͦġ
ȴûΪʵﵽΪʲôô
ͬ⣬Ҷ˵ǵҲȷʵôģȴûš
Сһ㶼ͲһѸոշһ׮׮һ˵ס
Ҷû׼ϯʱ΢΢ü
ҶҶɩߵʱһȡ
ҶǾʱڵˡ
ȻȴС
ʵû뵽ҶҾȻôûüߵͣϵ鶼á
ŹܲԼļ£Ųȫ档
ҶȥҲǸῴԺͲҪںǼʲôϵˡ
ڿҶұĻס
ԺǰֵãҪǲ֡
뵽ɫڰСȥС̳ţСİźϣͷҲصԶˡ
ƿӣЬµأߵǰ˱
óͷҶɵǷ
չ˿ɫƽĽԭӦûٵӷŽ˸ľ˰򿪹ŷ˽ȥ
ϵ˱Ż˴ϣ£ϸűӣ뿿ڴͷɫƽķ˱
ʱҶˡ
Լӣ̱ѩڣüº͡
úõڴϣҲЦŵʳзŵϣ˯ö࣬˳ҩʱҲһģһ·Ͷ˸㡣
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ЩҩôԶһӳͳҩҩӺһһ룬Ҳûá
վãŵÿ˵ҩѾ治ɫһٵĹˡ
ƺҩȵö࣬ͷòˡ
֮ǰٺһ٣ģڲһҪţҩúȾҪȣһ㶼ܵ
Ҷƽŵȹ˴齲Զ硣
̯˱ɨһջߡ
粢ǹٻ˼ҵľϸʯǼ򵥵ľ磬÷գȻЩطҲοգǴۿȥǿͨ͸ġ
ѰԡͰƽʱ·Ҳõ
ûҪʲôԼϲϧֱϰ˵ĻǷϵ˱ϡ
ҲˣǰڵȻģΪСҲҪŬ
סıǼľ̺ҩ̣ԺΣҪ׬ҵײźá
ʱҶ洫๫˵⼸ҲרŹȥԣҪͱ߶ˡ
áӦţȻ̧ͷͿŮ˹ͷ
£ȹţиɫĨأϸϸĴӴ£΢΢ҡš
Īľ뵽˳׺ǸϣŮ˶ԼԱߣĨصϸ¶Өļ޳ƯĲ
·Ҷ߳ʱͼͷ˱
ȥרעֻҶȴ˵Ķͮͮġ
գգۣŮȥ͸о˶ȶȡ
ҶЩȣΪֲæס
Ҷķʽͱ˲һΪֻǵԼ
һȴûʲô
ҶЩɻĿƫƫͷȻŴŴģ๫ôˣ
˱촽˶û£̫˰ɡ
ҶſԼˣⷢأЦЦ֣ȥҩ롣
ת˲һ˵û
̫ˣ
лҪ˵Ҷһÿ춼๫Ů
һÿ춼Լ۵


ʮ 
ţϵһֱûɢɾҲͲӣҲóʱɾ
ѰһҶҲÿȴұ˯ˡ
òȥϣҶÿϳ緹󶼻ȥϵԺתһת
ȻС˲β̫ÿʲôôǼȻÿȥǵϱķ£Ҳȥˡ
Ҷ֪ǣԭҲ
Ѱʱ򣬷ҪԼԺ̯¶ڹׯϵ飬ƽʱҲģչ˶ӻҪչѣҲæúܡ
ֻҪ붬ˣܴܲҪЩôټϸĶʯͷѾΪϻߵڿЩ
ƫƫҪÿʱ򣬷ֶϱϵԺ߶
÷˵ΣС
ȻǶˣǶϽڣ㻹һˣ˭ּҪģ˵зģȥǱϡ
Ѱϲô£漰լͷĳԴöȣ˵Ļ˭Ҫġ
˵ҵĴϱʯͷҲ׽õԼڼĵλǷ϶࣬СȴϲЩ߹հƵ顣
۳ӱǰЩˣϲ¼޽ĽȻǵϵϲǸģõģ˵Լ
ǰԼǰЩôԺҶԱţϻ᲻Լ
뷨֪ˣȻҪ˵Լϱɵ
ûôأΪ˿ͣͨ˼Ҳǹ͢ٻ£ûг趨ʡĹأѰӸҹҵӣټÿҪһԷƽʱȥܼ棬ϴû޹ʲô
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ҪСǰͷˣڣ
ǷԼǰԼ˽ȥȻҲҶһ춨ʱȥ˵һʱ϶Ī
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ϱȻලż˽ʮ죬ܺ˵ԼТ˳Ķϱ
ʾ׽ķʽ˹ʱ׼ԵģŪҶԽȥСʯͷҲÿҪȥȥɡ
췽ϱʯͷʱ򣬾ͿҶѾˡ
˶ϵʱЩëһ˱ۣ̿ġ
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Ҷ룬ҪӳԣϽЦɩͷ䣬ɩôഩЩ
Ͼ仰ֶģͻȻⲻ֮ǰԼ˵Ļ
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ҶҲϲϵһ͵ݸ
ʯͷգŴ۾Ҷ϶ͷЦ¶ССץŴŴĵлл
仰ʯͷ˵ĸ䣬ŷϵԺӣԵĶÿ
йζ͹һʯͷϲ
ϼҲ͸Цŷϵɣң
£ʯͷŵһԣš
Ҿʲ裬Ǵӹ͢ﴫСԡ
ҪȽʵɽ˵׷۷Žȥ裬ȻɵģһĲҪŨ٣Ư̰ɫҲ
Ҫ˿ɲףҲ㲻ȥԶˣһڣϸǾȡ
̫ȴ㴼óԵúܡ
ϼ޽࣬ȴûгԹֻǳԵģɵʵģ
ϱ鵭ģתתϵķ飺ģĳһֱǲ
վߣ⻰ЦЦԡ
ϲɵÿǸһֱߵӣͻȻÿﶨʱתһתҲͦõģͳҾͲ
Ҷûô࣬ĵ룬Ե
һˣϵܴһȥ๫𣿡
ϵüҶͰ룬´ٸɴɡ
ҶЩϧܾôóԵĶ๫Բÿ
ǾȵĿ˿Ҷƺû뵽ҶȻġ
ǰʯͷԼСһԴ⼸ɾҪԺˣǻȥҲߴɶɣɻһԷĪҪˡ
ȻӦţȻׯæµѧֻһˣͷ鵱ſ˲ͷȴ£ׯϵһţҲҪȹġ
Ҷȴ򴽽ǣȻǵ˵Ҫ˳ϣǶĵǻռϷ磬๫ڵӻûȫء
һ뵽ĶӣϾ¶ЩۣתתȹӣЪţ㵽ʱˡ
ҶӦһЦеְ
ҲţֻЦ
֮ǰȥʱ򣬾ԼĶ˵ϱʲôãе̰ԣһ⻹ǸԼӵ͡
˵Ҷǰ߶СȺҲס˵ףϲҪ⡣
ϲԺȣŹŵģԼϱ졣
ⲻ֪ϲЩϲ
ΪԲЩƽʱԵĺ٣ȫһԷǶӾˣ¶һҪϡ
ҶȴһԳԺȺȴӲںÿζԵĺ㣬Ҳ̹
ﲻںϱݣֵĺÿҶݵĺÿֻҪıˣǿԵܾø·ҲϾ̹
͵ܾСٿڲˣˡ
ȴȻ̫ԺȣһֱԺ뿪ʱҲֻǳңһû
ҶǶӱĻȥǽɫ糣㱧˻裬ûоڿ˱˳ţС๫ɫá
һڴɨСزɵ̽ͷŹϵһ˲ŷ￴
Ϳһɫ԰۵һ
Сأˣƭˣ
ҶŻԺר̫ĵطȥ
ʯѿѾ֮ǰϸСЩѾŵⲢûӣѾӰ뿪ȫš
ȻȻСȥ۵ĺܡ
Ҳ֪ԼڵܲûСֻܾû¶תתɹɹ̫ܲĺˡ
һҶͰѻ£СؽԼӡ
ƽʱ̰ЩС˲ȴǸвסģ˸ȻҪú棬Զƺĵ
Ҷû߹ӣҶҲ̫ЩھҪͷѧ
С˲εǣӻãЭʵ˵Ϻãѧ˺ü죬Ҳֻ߸߰¡
СؽҶ̵ĺģʵʮͷС˵˵ǽҶ˵ǺҶһˣ
СѾͷȻǸ˵ġ
ֻÿοϵĺɫëۡ
С
ɱ𱻶үëֵõġ
СЩ棺̣ΪʲôҪѧ
ҶȥӣͷѾ˱Цŵ๫ҵģŲ˷𣿡
СЩ̫˭͵ʲôϵҶô˵ҲƶǶĵͷ׼ߡ
ǲ֪ǣȥϻ˱ھʱҶĻ
ӹţ˿Ϸ죬ֽĴӲȫס
ҶĻʹǣջǻһЦ
ģﰡ
ҶһֱԺģȵʱݣ˲ͷȥ˯
ӲãҶ˯˴Լ˯齡
ΪʲôִԼ˲Ҷֲ˲鷴;ͬ飬ô˯Ҳల¡
ȵ˯ʱȻһƬвʱ䡣
Ҷ˸ŤͷȥȴڴϣԱߵҲˡ

ˮҶ۾˹ȥͿ类Ųݡ
ݶ̿ůģҶֻ£Ьֱߵ档
ǣվŵҶԡͰͻȻĿԡ
סˣһʱûӦ
Ҷգգ۾˫Ȼɾ峺ɨһۣŵ๫Ҳðװ
лҪ˵Ҷ๫ðѽ๫ôˣ
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˱Ǹֱſڵϡһ׼ʱ



11 
ڵ˽һϴͷһԡҲ⡣
ȻȲóĺŴ󻧣ʮ˴嵱ģׯе̣̿ȱˮҲ֧Ӧ
ʱȣټЩ̿ȣҶǶڴϺúøǱϢʱ˯˱һ麹ϴڿЩ
ϴʱҶͬĽϲԡȴǻѡڰʱҹ
ѡҶڵʱ򣬽ҲһԭʱҶʯѿɹ̫ʱ򣬿Ҷ֪ǲˣ˯˯Щûʱˮԡ
ԼӹԼ֪첻ǺúţϲԿ˵㲻ݵľˣɱͨ˻ԵЩ
ˣŲںô˿Լġ
ɻҶͷ˶ԼĿˡ
һֱڣҶûļԡͰʲôģ
ºˣһࡣ
Ҷ˵Ǿ䡰ðסĸпʶץסԡͰԱߵֱֽӸǵ¡
ʵҶûпôϸ۾һֱΧ˵ؿڴתô¿ȥ΢΢̧
С˲ξʲôŮҲ֪ŶƤʲô
ʱҶһƯ۾ƣЦŻص๫һͷһο·أ˵ţҶչȥԼקק쵽ȶţƣࡣ
ʶؿȥͿһӨֱۣԼķɫȴǲĲ԰ס
ǰףǽһƯԼֽһ˱
ҶĹעڣ๫ĲӺÿؿƽƽģԼòһж䡭ף๫ôģˮ̫ˣ
ʱƫͷ΢΢ŵĶҶ
ΪϿЩɬǶʧ䣬䵽ֻһ˫ɾ͸ӣһ׵̶ˮ
ǰں˼ʲô
Լҽʲô棬ĺ˼롣
ƫƫҶ㴿Ȼ˲ٰȫУЦֻжҶʱеỺȥͷҰɣҾͿϴˡ
ҶĻģԣӣתתȥˡ
ִˮƺ˿
Ҷȴûʲô棬һźɫҧһڡ
˻ᡣ
аҪҵĲŰݡ
С˲βϲ˷ѣԶ˵κʳﶼһϵĸж֮ģҲԸɾˡ
˻ʰɾˮ̧ȥֿݵŴͨ磬ɢˮȥҡ
һһҵϣҶԼ߬ŵӵݹȥ
ϴ£ԺصۣҶԱ߽ӹ˱ӣȴû̳ԣǵ飬ﶼ𣿡
ҶԾЦŵãңóԵúܣҲ֪´ʲôʱٳһ룬ұģֻ˵룬´ٸá
һҾǵôЦûЦ
Ҷֱı飬ͼǣ㲻ңͷãȥתתҲùơ
Ҷ˸ЦƣҳȥҲûʲôĵĺܣء
Ҳ֪һ㸾Ҫʲôֻǻƽʱϰ飬廨
Ҷ̹ϣҲᣬ˶٣ҿѧ
С˲ζѧһֱŸȳ
ʵ˵ԺͺˣѰռһѱã廨һ㸾ǲģȻ˵ԼңǿóļҾһֺ幤ôʱ䡣
ԼҽҾƶֳ࣬ԲůģȻûѧ
ôʣ˽ģ
Ѹת⣺廨ַ۾ģҲѧ㲻ѧģġ
Ҷ֪ô࣬ҲԼﱻˣ⻰ҶȤʲô
ɨһȦֵȴû̫ණ
ʵĲ٣黭ȫԶһЩЩĸҲ֡
ϸ룬ʱ룬û׼ˡ
ʱ뵽Ҷݹӡ
һ׼ŽȴӲģǱҧһСڡ
һڲҧ˺Ƥ¶˻Ƶ⣬ۡ
ЩȵĿҶͿԼҽЦе°Ϳҳˣ𣬺óԵġ

ͷ˿ϵӣֿ˿ôԣ
ҸճĸúܣҵġҶȻڴĿ
⻰ȴþûж
ҪʹסҪ죬סԼĻϲ
Ҷգգ۾Щ֣๫ǲҧĶܸˡ˵ţҪִϰùŵ˹Ȼѧʡ
ȴ΢΢һÿҶ֣һֻ߬סԼָ⣬᣺ҧȻҪҧҪ˵꣬Ͱҧһ롣
Ҷɵ𣿡
ȴûпӣ۾ֱֱĿͷ𡣡
һ
ҶЦԼŹκһǣֵĻᡣ
קסЦֻԼҲ֪ԼЦʲô
ӳˣͻȻոճӣ
Ҷͷ
Ȼ֪ҶǺ⣬ȴָһ´ĪҪôˣӳԶƢθȻСһϲҪˡ
ҶȻҩ֪Ķ࣬ΪɽɾҩߣΪ̲֮ҶȻϵò١
ǶЩʳȴ֪֮١
۾Ŀ๫֪˵Լ鿴ģҶ𣬡๫
֮ǰ⻰ǫطһ£öˣҲϰ
Լţϲء
ʱ򣬴ŵӵү̵̣ιˡ
ҶȻ֪žҩ̵⣬ȴûҵĹ
һ㶼⣬ͷιȥ鷿ҡ
ǡ
Ҷסӣָ΢ϣʵܳ𣿡
ס֣˵ܳȥˣֻϲܳȥ߶˺첻µġ
ҶҲӺ˲٣Ҳиȥ˺ʵϣֶڴã룺Ҹȥ
پܾҶȴҡҡͷˣЪţ߶ϸϸĸҶιҽģҪϼһ¾̵飬鷿Զġ
С˲ξ΢΢ƫͷ̳ˣ
̺ܺãô̵ܹ鲻Ǹ£ԺҪúóı˵ŻģȢ㣬㲻ܺǰӡ
˱ô³̣ǰڶ׼ϸı
Ľﰮ԰棬ȻҪ취ýӸùһ㣬ٺùһ㣬ܲΪһҾ
˺üӣģҲҪŬĻ
ٳŵʱͻȻҶķףſŴȥ
ҶſԴЩɻĿŴҴҶȥ˵ıӰ
⡭ʲôĸʽ
С˲ξһȻѧ˹ȻһĹ̡
лҪ˵Ҷֵʽأסˣ
ܾý̸˸ֵĶ


12 
û֣Լȥ鷿·ϣҶһֱںԶԶĸš
С˲ﻹЩŲģ๫ӲͨСС֣Ǵ̥Ĳ֢֮ԲпС󲡡
ȻĻɢ˸߰˰ˣҶȻȫģںơ
Ժȥ鷿ҪС԰Ҷվڻ԰Ĺԣ̽ͷȥڿźת׼ȥ
һŤͷͿ˱СʯͷԼЦķϡ
ãϾͱŴСӵĶӳվڻ԰Ϳ˴˸Сβ͵
ʣȴǰк
ûвģҲһƽʱԴΪɩĺƣǸʱܶͶ㡣
鷿󣬷ϲ߳Ҷ˸档
Ҷס˽ŲЦŵɩ
ҲͷʯͷֱӳҶ֣
Сӵȥ࣬·һСԲ΢΢ŤҶ֮ǰԼè
Բģžۡ
Ҷֻͷûб
֮ǰС˲ǱģɵʱǷڻﲻյʱ䣬СʯͷȣҶԺͲױˣҲ̫ˡ
Լ๫飬ĽЩֻҪల¡
ҪǻˣĪ˵ǻ׳Сޣֻ念ͨˣС˲ζ౧ܾҪѪˡ
С꾭˵Ǿ仰ô˵š
Ŷˣһԣɲ˵Լ๫ô
ûҶ˵ԼҶӣҶЦ𣿡
Ҷͷš
ôȥϳ鷿Ǳ߿һۡ
Ҷʵش𣺡๫Ҫһȥˡ
Ҳ³ҶǵŸţûеƣϾӲ˭֪飬˵ܹǲá
˶ٶЩţĻܲ˵Ͳ˵
ûж˵ʲôȱʯͷԺˡ
ȷԶˣҶԼûкͷϺúøȻ˵ˣǸѧĸȴûкúõġ
С˲Щϧ鷿˿תԺӡ
ϱźӻݵʱ򣬿ȥ鼫á
һţͿȲѡ
Щȣôô磿
д󣬲ͬڶܵĲҲܵƤԺһЩȥ⽡׳˵Ҳˬ쾢ׯͷĹۣÿη֮ǰۣһʰĻ⼸ҪסׯȥһЩ
ۣæʯͷݸԼȥ׼·Щùµˣα¶ȥ
ѶŶӣ⻰شҲģ϶Ӳãѧ飬ׯӵֻҿţۼȻӣǸĻҪׯӵճɣþһЩ
ԭ۵ģ⻰ֵҲ߶ǰׯӵҪúҪõҳ
ֻͷӦˣȴ֪д㡣
ŮŮԺǺܶٹ̡
̣͢˰֮ǶûУĴ˻Ǯ٣ڷƲϡ
Ӹ٣ʲôõģֲô׬ǮĶȵԼҴŵׯӡ
˵ˣͶǸӹǡҲ״
ֻЩڶ˵ǰǰһ죬Ѳʹ죬÷ƻֵ壬ҲͲ˵ˣֻȴŵġ
ԽԽģжԱȲе⡣
ոջԹȥׯӣڷϷϸŸʰ
߶ҶϣŰӣ۾ɫҪ˰ɡ
С̧ͷȴʲôŵ
Ҷǿǧƾ棬ڳͨˣҲûΪϸ΢仯Ҷ̧ۿ֪
걾ǳ£Ҷǵûɡġ
վҶȥһֽɡ׼ȥ鷿ӭ
ƫɸԺţײ˸
û뵽һžӭ˸Сӣײĵסκַסȵôˣ
СؿèŤͷʹӲܵûӰˡ
Ҷɡôһײɡ͵˵ϡ
ûȥֻ̧ͷҪˣȥ㡣
ĺ󱳣ǣ鷳ǹˣ»ؽСػ߽;ͺá
áҶӦ۾ȴǿ
Զվ˸ˣЩˣ岻٣棬ʲôһ߿һ֣ʱЦҶõ
ͷǾǾ̵ι¡
ҶߣԲɵЦʲôأ
ʵүǺٰͷû˵ģѣһЩϸ»߷ϣĶٸϾǰﲻ̫æ֪˿ܻͽա
ȴҶ˵ۼҾҪ뷨׬Ǯǹ£ȻǸ˵ġ
Ҷգգ۾๫ҲҪæ𣿡
ͷݣţ껹ҪϢŻȥ߶߶ֻʱҪٵöࡣ
֪Լȥ￴ţ۳Ҫ붬ӹǲ֮ǰҪҪҲסڣҪڼġ
Ƚ֮ǰѸʱڵϣԺȻҪ
ΪҶקȥʵոȥϣϾ˵˵ڣ˱֤˿ڡ
˭֪ҶȻ˵ͷЦӯӯĶ๫ϲȥ
Щ⣺㲻Ȱң
С˲û̫ิӵ뷨ϲҪ˵Ҳȥһ๻ˡ
һȻȫǳ߶ûġ
ҶһʯѿݣƲýӣʱ˰׺ҶҲõ᲻Σա
ҪǣҶҪġ
С˲ȻոճˣܶʻŬѧϰ׶Σһ˫۾ȱҪͨ͸öࡣ
óһμ˵ЦҲҶð˯һҹһСľû
ЩЩҶ˱˵۾רעġ
ûû˲ʻϢ
ȻϲǾȥοҶؼ๫Ķ࣬϶Ȼд
ǣлл
ҲҪӦңúóҩúϢӻˬҪ鶼Ҫ¡ҶקҪ
֪ǹԼ̻صãҴӦ
⻰Ҷ˵ҲôģΪ˽ҩٿҲȸɾ
ҶɿЦȥ衣
ȴסĪҪæˣһ˱ģȻҪι˵Щ
ȥ鷿
ȥ鷿ȻҪ꣬һԵС˵˵ˡ
СҾҸڣҶûŸֻ˽ڵ̿ۡ
֪᲻꣬ϾڳŻ壬ɼȻ˵۶ԵĴģﶼǶԵġ
һû£ҲүСˡ
ȥ˱׼ߣȴԼҽ๫ȵȡ
ΪҶʲôŤͷȥ˭֪һתͿԼҽվԼǰͷ
Ůż⣬ƺںŬİԼθһ㡣
Ҷ֣Ӳãȴƫƫһ㲻ԿղſԡͰҲĺܡ
ţԼ๫ǻ᳤
Щ֣ȴҲʣֻ˫ĻҶһСĵˡ
Ҷץǰ󣬵Žţȴֻǿ׵˵°͡
ౡ
ССģȴ
ȻҶһ¾뿪ˣȴ°ȻĴУȵů⣬ĪľĿ˼¡
Ҷ˵ؿϣҲо
С˲οʼҷʡһԭҲᲹ٣Լ๫廹Ҫúš
ʶסŮ˵ӣͷͶҶ۾ƺڵ佱Ƶġ
ŬƽԼĺƮŵģʲôأ
ҶЦ̧ͺһղŲ֮ǰô𣿲̫ˣײֻܹˡ

ðɣ֪Լˡ
ϲҶ̬ͥȣѧϰ̬ȸҲֻڼԼû˵ýᡣ
ڽỹü
û˵ҶҸոտɩʱˣģ´βϡ

ҲųˣҶȥã֣߬˵ԺĪҪôˡ
ԼãŷôҪ´ҵġ
ҶҲһЩԾСʣ𣿡
ָ߬⣺ԣԺֻԼ
Ҷ̫Ŀ
һǳˡ
ףΪһҵƵģҶҲһȻ
԰ǳˣⲻ˵ϰߣǳ׵˲еİɡԭҪصĶô࣬治֪СΪʲôôԳס
Щ΢ĸУһжС˲µʱʧ١
ףá
лҪ˵Ҷźʹɩ
ǡ


13 
˵겻ʲô£ⳡưȴǳ˺ܶ˵Ԥϡ
һѧԺ˷շż٣ѧԺҪϸЩֻгһżټգʱҪԺ
ԭҪѧԺŴȥٻҲׯϣͬһ𿴹š
ȴûͣ¸Ľ̵ļƻιÿ춨ʱعһ緹ǰߣźЩӶǷ衣
ǲûȥ鷿ˣǳС˵
ιµһһãҲˢϲã෴ԵúƽйɵĳҩϢҲʱʮο
ʵʵ㲻ǸĲˣҩʱʱԣʱľǣԼܻãⶼидܸС
ڲһٻתѰҲģ̬ȸȻΪˡ
ͬʱҲΪԼˣҪõҲǰ١
˵Ȼҽְ߱ҲˣȻҪԷģܶЩȻܾ
С˲ÿͶӣιҪʲôҶʶûʹ
Ҷ¿ʼÿȥ߶ȻʱιѾ뿪ˡ
һһŴ̫ãϸ߷ϺҶҪѶóɹɹ׼ˡ
죬һ׮£֮ǰ˵Ҫѧֵġ
Ҷƻڳԣ̵ͷ˳ھͿʼ𣿡
ԭֻǲҶģֻԼȲҲ廨˼ȥҶ֮ǰ˵Ҫʶֶ顣
֮ǰѧĵһ̵ģҲȥˣԼҲ̵ܽԼӡ
ԼҲ֪Ҷ˵Ҫѧ֣Ϊ˺Ļʵ⣬ҶӦʹ֪ԼСһһѧġ
ЦЦӺСش鷿˺üҶ˳¿ʼѧ֡
ͬһĺͯɣҶٶȺܿ죬һҶϸšԭõЩֻдˣ˼ͬҪľһһӦ
ѧ˽ʮ죬Ҷȴ֣Ƚдһʵ࣬Լ־Եø󡭡
С˲Լ⣬ɲǰеֻҶӣڻ֣ɱҶѿƶˣ
ϰҶдֵҶëʣҲǲԾİдԲġ
๫д֣ƽֱ
Լд֣Ԫ
˶ϸոдõĴ֣ҶţͻȻͿɫЩ֡
ǱʲôŬǣЩ졣
Ҷֵһۣ๫㲻𣿡
ڰ֣ʾԼû£ͣµģ㲻һֱҪҽҸСȥˣͷ鷿ұ߼ӵĵڶ㣬ȥҽ
⻰Ҷſȥ
ͻȻʹһЦҶЩãȻĻͷȴϣɫƺ·оҶĿ⣬˻º͵ôˣ
ҶգգۣŴԼ˰ɣЦЦû¡ͿŽСһȥ鷿ˡ
վƹм̿裬ȥҶдĴ֡
ĳſſģ־ڵƵġ
Լд֣Ҫְ塣
ƫƫҶдͿһЩͯȤ
ˣֲԾȦͦɰġ
ոŲЦҶѧ֮ģҶڣҲţЦ
ԼȢ˸
ȥ鷿·ϣҶι¡
Ѿǰʱ֣ѰιǲģڼˣҶͣ˲ӣЦŵι๫𣿡
ι³Ҷ֣ȴЩ̣֪үںδ
ҶΪģæιĪ๫ԺȥСҵȵȡ˵ţҶŤͷСأι¹ȥǵ͵Ȳ裬ι»ȥ๫
ι²ܵĴ˷ܡ
ûиСߣǰѻ˱ݸҶҶ̣ҾͲȥүˣүȻӾ仰ɡ
Ҷգգ۾ЩҲûٰι¸ݶ־ͽӹ˱˵
͸߶үǣҪˣ
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ȻȥʱͿ¶˸Цݣһ߷˱һι㡣
ҶЩ棺๫ʲôзˣ
ĶЦ
һαһ¹ȥ˳һ죬ڵ˼ڣ˴˿˵Ͼͻء
ϸСӣ֮ǰı꣬ѾǽûйˣһӲ˵
ʵЩԸҲˣܾòʲôȴʱǷѰ
Ҷһææŵݸ͸룬˳Χһ˵Ḷ́һֱŸ̾ģ
ԭЩóԵĲôģҶһʱԼĳ⡣
ϼ״СʯͷӱţԼҲȥæ
ȵϱЪʱҲѻ˼ҡ
ǻģм£СԺż٣ǼһεĶӡ
Ҳǰֻȥϲ裬ԼǴϱԱߵš
ϰһ֣Ҷ˿ϣ϶ͷֹȥԣ֣סûж֡
ҾһţſţĴ
λ·ֱǱȴͬ
ıׯļ£ҲׯĽࡣ
ʮ˴ĸҲĵطҰȵĹꡣ
ⲻ¸һţׯϵĹ¾ЦеĵңճɲүЩӶýһ겢ûõ軧жʧ߸
Ҷֶ֣֪ʲôͷЩʳ˵ҲʮĽ
÷ֱͦ˱Цβסĵ⡣
ׯѹŵģȻˡ
Ҳ¶Цݣȴû˵Ťͷʣµļ¡
ЩЩŵҵĹ԰ҩ԰ҩ̵̡ģ˭û˵ﶼׯӵĹβ졣
Ū˸ôߵı׼ͷԼ˵˼ҵͷⲻǶ
ǻڻɫϣԷվס
ʱι»
ԸͷҲ⡣
ǳׯȽϺ׬ǮˣÿҲжʮᣬȻȲ˼ҵʮᣬҲ̫ˡ
ι䲻Сˣϵӱ࣬ݹƵģ˵Ҳǵʮ㣺ң̵˱Ҵˡ˵ţ˱ݹȥ
ȴûֻʵΣ
ιƺǫĹ˹֣βסĵ⣺һٹࡣ
۵
Ҷ֣ЩȵĿŷʧִ򷭵Ĳ豭С˲Ѹٵ֣˱ŵСʯͷ
϶ЩȴûκηӦȻĿ
һٹ᣿
յģιǲǷأ
лҪ˵Ҷдֺÿ
Сأͦõ
ҶΪʲôſӷͷϣ
Сأ˵Ϲ
Ҷ
=w=
˵㣬ǷQ3Q


14 
ι˵겢û̧ͷ˭Լ۾ĵᷳ
ιµĶȴֱ㶵ţ˵ο
ʵΪ£࣬ǮҲ䲻Լڴ
׬ö˶ҶǮ׬˾ٸ㣬ͷǶҵġ
һµģ˭Ҫͷʣ׬˶Ǯжٵ
⼸λµĴǸҶˣΣλáʹֵܺТֵµЩ˿ɲһź֣Ѱ˽µĿ졢ʤǳ¡
ׯϵµȻһ˼׬Ǯ࣬ӾӲ
ڣιµľͻȻͻ𣬲һ»Ҫʲôʱ
ЩȣŶ˵ӶЩӵĽʮȻ٣Ҳôࡣ
ھȹ󣬱Цſι£ˬʵֲιЩڿ죬ıã
⻰ķֱҧ
ʲôã˼ҵģֲģϹʲô
ѸٵĿ˿˱Ȼʶֲ࣬дֻϵõġ
һٶʮһᣬֽ֣ü١
ס˻Ҫ˵ʲôѣʵι£µʱ䣬ôĽôģ
ι£ǵҪ
̳飬Ҳ̫ģȻҲڰеĶ
Ҫ׬ǮȴһһϦ飬ܿȻǸ˵ģֻôĻҪ
ǮǮȷŵһԣܲʲô鷳
ι߿һۣͶһ˫˫۾
ŵģЩǾԲڵģ˭ʶ˵
ֻ֪ιµ˼Ͷ
ҵô׬ģ˵̫ϸŴ˵ˡҲõĻᱻ͵ѧȥԼˣֹܵҲǲ̯ͬӣ΢֪ŷ֡
ι³̣үǰȥϵļҾƹݣǵһ־ˮӦ
˻һ϶Щ졣
ΪǸĵʳ࣬ƵĹģҲСֻѰǶ۸գԼϵľ׬Ǯιµ˼ǵͼ۴۸˾ƹݣ
ⲻǮô׬ˣ
ιûнֻͣ⣬֪Ҿǿ˶پ٣
ǱǴҲü
ү˵ˣ׬Ǯںͷڲǿ˸ͷֻҪ˹֮࣬Ҿ̵Ҫȥġ
ι¿ɲβ̵̫ߣǮûڴﻹǲĺá
ŬסҪĳ嶯ι¹ȵվ˭ĺӶҪĵķųˡ
벻ĵҲóⲻǵ˵¶ǵͷЦݣιࡣ
ͬûȴûô˼С±˶ΪȴǴŵܵܣ̿Ҿ֪б¡β˵Ļϲ
Ȼ֪ԼҴӴƣǻŵܵ˵һˮƽιһǰܺҲףǮúһЩ
ιлƽȴֺǺǵӭΧ۵Ŀ⡣
ֻǶ¶ԣףι¡Դתȴһ㶼ֳ֣һЩ
˼ׯӣʮᡣ
˼Ҿ̣һٹᣡ
ߵ϶治˻·Ǻ޵
Щ˵Уҩ԰Ĺ¶۾ת˸ȦԼҲȥҶүģ
үǲǲתһߣֻҪܰҩ̽²ⱧŶүȺү
ҶСʯͷһС˵ι
˵ĻҲֻЩЩû׵ľ๫׬Ǯˡ
๫ǸбµģҶһֱôš
Ҷ뷽ϲͬǣɷֻҪĺ߳Ҷȴû̫෴ӦֻŵȻȥ๫Լáˡʲô˼ˡ
ҶԽԽ⡣
⺢ǸиģԼҶӺת¹ŵҲ˽ɶǴõ顣
ʵΪլˣͷ˵ĻҲףԽᶨϾҶи
̹ҲЦԽ飬ר׼һңǵҶϲ
ȽҶϵͲˡ
ƲϾ֮ˣǰûɫʱӦӺȴܡ
˵϶ʼɣֻڸߴľˣͻȻ˹ȥܡ
ֻϷϲҰӦֵĹԣȻ˵ŻһలµҹĻ١
ҹ֮ŵңȫһ˸Բ
ֻжȻܳݣҲûйԡ
ҶΪӣȻҪϯġ
ҲõϸԼ׼ңȴԣС˸ʳװ
ʱǿһԼҶӵı£ʣµʱǹػӡ
겻ʮ꣬˵ǵƤͣС飬ĴЩϳɵĸо
²٣񿴵ȻñϴμЩ
Żһֱ侲ֻһһʱ΢졣
һܣȻ
ǱɵģԶĸͬһ㡣
ȳ԰˷ҶɩɩˣȵҶȥ硣
áҶЦӦˣ뿪ʳߡ
ʳнԺӣ첽ߵԷǰƿ˸죬ҶողȥѸٺţĺ
ţٰ£ҶţҪС˵һҲҪˡ
һƼϵ
ƺûзҶſڣ˶רע
Ҷŵİʳ£ңվ̽ͷȥ
ͷһǸľɫֱ̣߷¨һһףš
Ҷ׼ٿ͸оԼֱ߬סˡ
ŮһƫͷͶ˵۾
Ѿҹһжһ͵Ľɫǲ԰׵ɫȥҲࡣ
ԭǵҶ֣оŮ˵ָ΢䣬ɿӣ˫ȥĵ¶ȸůţʵôô
ҶԱߣָģЦеģңҴ㡣
ЩͬĿԼԱˣô䣬οҪԼ
ҶȻЦſҴӦ๫ġ
ϸһ֮ǰҶ˵ҪһԣֻǹȥľãǲˣƫƫҶǵ
ůģסһֻ֣´Σñ͹Լ
ҶӦһ۾ǿ̡
Ǵ׻ӣȤѧ𣿡
ҶӦɲ֮ǰѧôʹ졣
ѧ֣ΪľǶĶҽڵϹӣ֪鷳Ҳ⡣
ӰӵһͺѣѧҲ֪ʲôãҶ̹ϵĿڵѲѣҾͲѧˡ
ɵǣȻ֣߬Լ棬ǲѧѵģֻ壬Ϸˡ
ֻҪ˵ѣǾǲѵģҶԼ๫һֱäĿΣ˳ĵͷ
ʰϵӣһʰһ߸
ҶһȻ򵥡
¨ҶùֲþǶ൱أ˼
ʱһһĺ˵ŻҶҲûκѽ췢鶼ϸϸĸ
ι»˿ޣ˵̸ո죬׬ǮԶûЩ̵Ķ࣬Ƚ֮ǰȷʵǽܴ
ׯϵĽЩ⣬ȴҲ㾪ˡ
ֻ˷ϴ򷭲豭̧̧۾̫⡣
СЩҲдѿŲʲô¡
ֻǲҶΪ϶롣
ҶӶ̿һôأԣЩȵĿʲôɩֲǵĲ豭ﶼ˵ˡ
һ㶣ǣ˵öԣ
ôˣԼӵǿɾˮѰѾܼ
á
ѣ˸Ӯһ̣ʱʰ̡
ңҶͷϴ֮Ҫ˯ˡ
ڴ֮ǰӴűϵҶԥһ£ϡһ˯ɺã
лҪ˵ҶӮˣ
ƲغԼ͵ӡ


15 
˵仰ʱ򣬲û˼ǡ
Ϊ̫ãֻΪС˲ɳжķĽҲ˵˳
˵仰ʱȴû̵õ϶ĻӦЦݾͽĵˡ
ԭɵ鶸ȻԭǰɲɵģӣȻԼǱסƵģɲȥȴҲ
ʱһ๫ΪʲôҪһ˯
仰˰ء
Ž˷գûģҲϨˣһƬڰ֪Ҷ˿̵飬Ů˵Щɻġ
ǴȻĲ⣬˯һǼϡ¶Ƶġ
û˵˵ʲôסɤӡ
ʲôѹأ
һʼ˵ִӵıȻк²ҶɣֺγԼˣ
ӶԶӦöѾ׼ġ
ʲôܡ
˵⻰˵Цģϣ档ǻȴǰֶ˵
ҶǾþûеȵĻӦ˵ĺ
Ůǧʵ̫ѡ
ͬסһôãҶ֪˯ŵʱ򲢲ִģ룬С˲ͻȻԺҪ˯һɡ
һ£ԼﻹڱŤʶ˾䣺㲻֪
һʣԼϡ
Լҽǰû˽̣ҶҲ֪ûи߹ʲô׺ԼҲ˵ﲻ
ֻ֪ǣԭҶЩ˽ģСŮңеĳʶеġ
ҶɩҪˣҲ׼ԼҪػѣԹڳ׵һм䶼ǻɫģžС˲ζ̫ⷭҲ˹ȥʲôʶʶһûԴǡ
ڣöЩһ֪С˲ɣΪС˵๫ͬʱ⡣
ݴʣС˲εֽˮû
˵Ҷ;Լµû
߶ţո๫׿ˣⶼ
С˲Ǹϲѧϰĺ̻ص๫ţ͹ȥ
࣬ԥûУֱոеį˸ɢ
ǱߣϤϤ齵ʱҲЬӣǳŽŲڵҪģ˻ӣ˴л΢ʱ˴ͷ
Ծ⻺Էʱ;Լǰһ׹
Ҷÿĸ첲ӨƤƺܻۡ
ҶְܿѸ첲˻ȥ
ñӰԼС˲α˱죺䡣ղֻ˸첲;¶Ƥûš
۾̿裬ŷ̿ѾϨˡ
̿ҲǷֵεģϺõĶҪӦ׹ݡԹǮҫ
ͨ̿ȻʱҲð̲ѬˣżҲջʹ˵ˡ̿顣Ѱҹ̿ҪϨˣȻ
ȻЩȺϰ˱ůٳȻ䡣
۾¶ЩۣҲһ˵ǡ
ɲ˵꣬ͷҶѾ˱ӣԼΧ˸ʵʵ˫ץűǣôԼ˵أЬһһĵĳĴˣ
ǾԼҽʱ޿̲šɰһ̾ԼȻһƬͻȻôһȥġӾеˡ
ĵĽˣæ̵̨һԣȥ
Ҷ˴ӵʱﻹиոյܣĶЦ⡣
ҶȴЦ
û뵽˵ôѿƣٰһѴһһˣ˭뵽ȻԼԼסһʱûžҪˤڴˣ
ҶߺߵĹűӹһȦҲ֣Լıקקָָλã˯ɡ
Ҷԥһ£ûԣԹԵɺá
˶뿪ѳȥͷҲôһպš
Ϩ򣬴½ɺõʱŸоԼĸ첲Щۡ
ǸոձҶѹģһֱӣΪһѹֱۡ
ʲ鼱ֽ֮סԼӣڻع;ôС۵ָⶼĸо
ºͿʼֱۣȴڡ
ϾүҲҪӵģǰǸں
һߵҶɺúҲû˵
ԭţ˯һ˯һ£Щ¸๫Ū÷ȣֻҪ˯ԺĶԶҲˡ
ºҶ˿ϺޱԼ̫ࡣ
֮ǰˣΪҶš
˷ֿ˯˵ˣҪһ¶ѣҪЩʲô
ҪǾôţ˷ѣҶ㣬æӵ飬Ҫѧѧд֣ദʱȻû٣ǣֵʱȴࡣ
ڻǸĺʱ
뵽С˲ϢİִԼı̽ȥֱ˵ı
͸оԼЩָⱻ߬סˡ
ҶûΪڵѪûͨԵʣֻǺҲϵоֱֱ굽ŪԾĶһ¡
С˲Щ֣๫ôˣ
ţŬֱۣԼЩȴº͵û¡߬סҶ֡
ʮָۡ
ʵǲϰߺһ˯ģΪӲõԭЩദΪԼͬҪܶｨ裬˭֪ʲô˯˹ȥ
һҹΣ˯ø
˵ڶ죬ҶѵЩоȻָҶСĵİֳû˿
ڵ廹ҪҪ֤˯߳㣬ҶҲѻҶֱڴͷĺ۹Լ˴
ʰԼ˰ȵ̿ýţһ׻ҶѾ졣
緹ʱ
ʧ߳ϰߵԴȢҶ˯߾һպùһգҲϰ˯
ȴѰϲ̫ϲԼ԰緹ȥι
Ҷ˸Լ๫׼СңɼʹůĺܣҶҲ˺ѣȷ˺ȥ
ҶȥϵԺӣûã׼ȥǵĸžۡ
֮ǰ϶˾䣺ɻԺҹ¾ҪˣʱҪǮģȥʶɣҪҪš
¶ҶҲ˵Щڱ֮󣬶Ҫ̵⣬ȻԵĿⷿȴҪǰһġ
ѶڣӹȥҲڵġ
ʱͲ˱֣ǰ׻ӺʹɴͭǮÿһöҪϸϸġ
רŸҶҲž̽࣬öӹͷ
ҶӦţѻº뿪
ڻȥ·ϣҶСʯͷ
αʯͷĲǷϣǷӣʯͷȻҶųѰĺøУͶ֣Ҷ
ҶҲ뱧ʵֻҪ̾Դϲĸо
ҶɲʶֻЦŹȥ߬߬С֣۾ǿӣɩôûոҲû
ӻصϾ˵ϲЪڶû
ϲˣҶæʣ𣿡
ҡҡͷ¡ǰˣŷϺü꣬ó۶СëƤοԼˡ
Ҫ㣬ǰϲӣÿ¶ţܶ㡣
ֻЩܶҶ˵
ҶЦЦ¾ͺá۾Сʯͷڿţʯͷȥɣ԰󣬱𴵵˺ӡ
ȻûɾܾʯͷҶ
ҶԺӱ㿴СҵȻţŽ๫ιĵʱãȴȥǴСʯͷݡ
Ҷʱ᷿֣Ҳ⡣
ϰڷűīֽ⣬ҶһĥһߵСأҼǵɳģʯͷɡ
ӶģѰʯͷҲǸҶһԳԳԣȻ󣬿ڳⷽ浹ǸƣҶҲͶúܶࡣ
ɳŴ׷⣬мŵ֥ǻɵڣŴʺСӡ
ʯͷȴûбɳȥǶϵëʡ
ҶдֵʱСʯͷͻȻӵĻ
Ҷ̧ͷȴȥֻЦʵʯͷôˣ
СʯͷСʱĻ˵ֻ֪һĺҶԲԲ۾ëơ
ӲҶȴϬҲԣ
ʯͷ̵ͷཱུģǸޡ
ҶҲܾӰСʯͷҲһëʣȴպīˣֻմˮڲϻ
СʯͷҲֲīˮ䵽ɫĲϾкۼСһҲֺǺǵġ
ддţһŲˣҶȥһСʯͷ͹ԹԵؾëʵš
ʱ洫˸ɩɩ
лҪ˵߻СʯͷôãǲǳԻ֮ϧ
ߣĳһɳ⡿


16 
ԼҶ磬ԺӾ֣ߵ᷿⣬ȴȥſں
Ҷ˵Ҫ¶û룬ڵɡ
Сضɳָȥ
СƵĸҶ񣬶Ϳʯͷ
Ժʱ࣬㣬ʯͷԺദҲû죬ڼԼСġ
СʯͷԲͷԲԵģرһ˫۾ԲԲģϲ
ԸϳҲЩƲסԼȥʯͷɨϵëʣûϸǲպīЩЦݣСʯͷҲ֪ʶˣ
ʯͷǸӣ¶ûʲôӡȴĻصʶ֣
ظ˵Ļÿıܡ
˸ˣҪʯͷƷ
һתͷͿϵһ֡
˵Ǵ֣⸱ֱһ϶ˣԲģе⣬ſһŷֱǸ֡
ɱдҲÿԺ˵ҪѧûһֺȻҲͣȴĪĴһš
Ȼúһޱдʲôֵġ
˿ﱧŵʯͷе󣬲ʯͷСԺ϶дĺÿ
һүᣬǶɵˣСүʲôˣͯ𣬲дˣ
СһСѣүǶдġ

һҶ۾ȴϵĴ֡
˵Ҷû棬ĶɩɩԼո˵ĻʱǺˡ
Сʯͷİͷȥͮͮú죬⣬ʯͷԸ⣡
ϾֻǸʮͷ꣬ûҷֱҶ˿̵飬̰СʯͷӣĿİͰ͵˾䡰ҡҵȻҶ硱ͷܡ
ȻͶ飬ֻܱסСʯͷϵɳԡ
Ҷǰ̺ãԼ֣˺һŤͷСأĲÿ𣿡
С䲻ʶ֣ǺûָܷţƽʱЩǷģԼҶԲȦȦ㲻Ϻá
СؿֲҪȥӣֺܿ۱ˣҶΪﲻ
ƫƫСضҶһ˫۾˵ΥĵĻС˼ȥһɳ⣺̣ҪȳԵ
Ҷߡ
һߣСι¸˷ܣһ㶼û֮ǰǰĵĻϲү˵ûҾ̵Ѿȥǲȥľ¥ջ̸ˣ
ȻѾıһЩҲģȻҲòǰٹǮơ
ι¸˵ǣžԽԽ࣬ʮĶ֪ζټιѰЩƤӺõ˿˾Ĵ˷ֺҲܴʮ֡
ټҾ̵ľƱ˸ҺơֺԽӦ
Щ뵽ģιµǿһпչĻһЩ
˱ŵһԣ££ŵ¯
ǰûҶǰºͣͲǸϲ˽ӣҲװɰ硣
ź£Բ԰ףµѾȥȻĮȴ塣
ǰιҲµģιүŻ벻ˡ
ιµĻ룬һȣЩ¥ջȱƵģţ˵
ιûԵɣӦ
ֺϼһ½ȥ飬ι¼ʱ磬뿪
ι£ԷûƼҶת᷿
ʱѾСʯͷȥˣСԺ£ֻ᷿Ҷһˡ
˿Ůվǰרעд֡
ûдߵҶ࣬㷢ֱѾһӴ֡
֪ҶģԼȻϲʶ֣ȴ˿̿࣬ӦѾһʱûЪˡ
ҶдһţסŮ˵õŵëʣŻʶֲһʱ̫Լ
Ҷʶķ߬ס֣ͷֲÿҪ
ԣɵ÷Żѧܼô໹дѾǼõˡ
Ҷڴ̧ͷ𣿡
ȻЦ̫󡣡
Ҷ
ģֲ㣬˵ЩǣҪż
ǸոڣҶһдĺúõģˣҶͰ඼ԣֺ۵ġ˾Լ֣ʾԼᡣ
Ǹӡ
ո˵ҪֵڲĻƫƫ;Լǿൽ۵ˣºĸ
˵Ѿ¯ůȣµģʱþСģҶһ
ҶЩЦݣŵɣһʱϾġ
Ҷ۾һС˲οס˵֣顣
ЦŵͷС
Ҷˣ˱ʾȥԷˣȳ԰˷ҶֱʯѿԺתתСҲ˳Լʳʯѿ֦չҶԷ£Լǲͷȥ˯
ȴû˯ϰߣҶ˯ˣȥԺйСأʵոգ˭
СعģôһʣͲƵİʲô˵ˡ
꣬û˵ʲôֻǵã֪ˡ
Сأ֪ʲôˣ
˰֣ȥòġ
Сؿ˿ƽɫôүСزҶʣСžˡ
ڴϵҶһŲ֪˯ðȡ
ˣȴȥӻҽʰԼȥϵԺӡ
Ͻ˲÷ӵϴα˵ҪҶѣֻһֱţһˡ
Ҷ·Ҳʲôȫ̧̧̱֣ðͷͷȥѡϲĻɫӱá
˲÷ӣϴҶȥ԰תתͻСڳʱҪ²źǲ÷ÿһˣǵȲʱȥ÷Ҳһġ
ҶǰϵĻģĲʣûɻظлл
Ҫľлº͵Ķͷ
ʱ򣬼ﵽԺͷ
϶СĵĹػȴȥֻվԺſڣ۾һͷһЦ˵֮ǰͬ˵ҪдʱҶ֪ˡ
Ҷԣ۾һȦ
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С˲ξͲ࿴ߣɫʱҲҪȥ˰ŵŹһ߹ޡ
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17 
ҶһۣȴûϣĶԼŵŹȥԡ
ֽСҵϣȵתˣó
һƼ
Ǽۣϣųŵģѱ࣬ǸάܵܵģȻţί
ƫƫͬԼҶСʱͲ̫ǴϽǱдġ
ǰԹǳЩ֪ԼҶʮʹŽŻҲû취ȡŴԼϣԳͷء
ۣ˽ĺ˳˶ǰ˳ͬСá
ֻʵǿƲס飬Ƕ磬֪ˣܲܲˣ˵˵
ַֽŵһԣſȴ᳭֣ǵòܣԽɺã
Խ˳ֽе˵ԺҪѧҪ֪գڽҲеģȻӹҲǳŲסġ
˵ĶԽ˫˵һֽ֣һ˵⽣عʫŴʡ
ýϷȴҪ̽̽ѧʶ
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Цһţƽ
붼û룬̻ش𣺡ˮ׺ҷ͸
Ԩأ
ʯԨ
˵˵㳦
k޼ۣ㳦顣
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꿪ʼѧǺٻؼңסԺټǸʫˣʹ֣⼸ȥѾԶͬˡ
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18 
ҶɩҶԼɷǣʮʮɷǣ
ҶҵǮ˵Ƿ˸ʡһЩҲܹϼԴӡ
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ЩǮһЩҶ飬µĶҶɵǮ
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19 
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ʵѰ˼ҵǮٸ˵ģΪ׬Ǯ˵ȻҪ߬ԼõĲģҲڼа취ŮˣڶȨ
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20 
ģҶͬκʱůġ
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Ŀ죬ȥĿ죬һƵġ
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ν޷ֱʱҪһС£Ļ
ԼԴֳ룬һǱ˻ӺһǱƵ
Ժ￴˿Ļԣͷȷʵмϲģϲϲ˵ʱʢʻ
ʱףϲȻʻȴǸֻܿݵˡ
̺ΣΪ˽һ£ʲôֵˡ
ԺҶԵĶŶϸпͦõģҪµ࣬ӣ졣
һĪںܿ˾ҩģ
˽ͷһѩҲʽ˶
䣬̿һϵҲ˸صĲϡ
ҶѻˣҲͳæһȥ˱ʶˡ
ʯѿҲΪΨһһڻģÿ챻Ҷɹ̫ʱҲ࣬ǼСһֱܣһֱûпήҲ档
ǰæ˲٣Ҫι̵飬ȥһ˵˵һ졣
ҶҲϰק˯ǰ¸ˣŰһʱֻ࣬ϲ
Դ֮ܣС
ȵ붬ڶѩͣ˵ʱҲɿ
ϳԷʱҶ̹ҪϿˡ
˵ı¶
ֵܸиѹׯӣӣһĶ顣
ĸڲּǴͳͶ˹أֵܵĽ۶٣ǶĶԼġ
ĿǰΨһûıĺãǰ;Ҳ⹩
ҪȥϿ̱Ҫģͷι¾Ͷϵӡ
ҶҲ˵¶ףЦеĵͬ˵ˣȥء
ǵôǶϣҶһƬ΢̣˵ϻ
ҶͷΪˬʴ󷽣ҩķ裬ҶҲĴ֪Щ˵ƢϵദǢ
Լ๫Ѿ֮ǰ˿ĲģǹǿǼЧδ˲ҪҽҩҶҪδȻ
Դ¶ҶЩĵİƬš
һҧҶ۾͵ɴˡ
óԡ
ָһӣĶгƬϷۺ濾ɣڵʱˣԸʣϲ𣿡
Ҷͷȴ˵ͳԵùĹĵģȥС
ȰĶˣҶԸп๫㶮ࡣ
һЦѾԺܴݵؽҶ
ָһӣͷ캮ӿʱұ㲻ȥˣֹ֣Ҳǲ٣ͬȥ䣬һǡ
ҶʵǸֵӣȥȥɡ
ɻû˵ҩûȥȥתת
ҩ̣
Ǹȥ⼸˵Ҷû涫ء
ܾĻת˸Ȧ˻ȥҶϲϲĴӦ
ٷԵúã˯Ҳ𣬵˵ڶ죬ҶһȥϵԺӡ
ͽҹ٣ҶʱѾһ龭ˡ
˶ϱ⣬ϵͷԼҼң˻ŵǴΣûôšڳȥҲǺõģŮҲǸˬģҲģȥʱ򴩺ʵЩҸЩ֬֬磬̫š
ҶӦһ˵Щ뿪
û̳ţǻԺӣͭǰ°Ϳʼ˼ôŽд磿
С˲εҲиˣԵĺȵĶûȱҲܷŵЩ·ʲôʱôļʲôʲô档
ǲʩ죬ÿն泯ġ
᳤ܻƤҲôɹǰɣĵӺãټС˲εѪ㣬ѩͿ֬ҲǺÿġ
ֻ˵һ£ȴҶѡ
С˲ζͭЩģӰ˰Σʼױ̨ĳ﷭ڡ
ʱ򣬳ϵĽʲôûϣĶϰæðģҶŲñûϸ¿
ѳƿƿ޹޶˳һɵ֬УûʲôȱѬô˸硣
С˲λǵô֮ǰȰѺӸǺ£ûˡ
Ǽ⣬Ҷ˺ơ
ʯɫ֬źŨĻ㣬˾ûͦŵġ
Ҷ֪ôãֻԴԼʶļˣϣϣжϣǶһЩ֬Ҷż䣬ָմЩͭģӰգգۣĨȥ
ͭӰòֻиɫҲС˲β֪ﵭˡ
ƺоЩȤУȥľװŵģоɫһЩָЩϡ
ӵ˱ʱһžŵŨŨ
ԼҽǴŵζҲմȾϵĲҩζŨҵ
ǻ㣬ȴֲַʲô㡣
ΪҶְѻˣţߡ
ƼҶıӰ¹ڼϣ߱ߵС˸ӣ㡭
Ůת˲Ȼֹ
ҶûԹգգ۾Ҫ˵ͻȻͱǰ˻
󣬾ЩеǱ̿Ѭˣˮˣ۲ۣ
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21 
Ҷ⻰Щ, ʱ, ҶãȻĿûѬҲû̵
۾Ҳŵ֬У֪Լ, һ, ҶѹҶŵ̵֬һԣҸո۾û, ҵĴ˵, Ҫ⣬Сĸ, ٺҲһġ
Ҷͦ͸, ûԹĶС˲ζԡ
Ҷó˵ˣԼòװһ, ๫ϲЩʧ䣺ÿ
Ҷһ, û˵
˵ʵĻ, Ȼǡÿġ
һֱûɹԼӵò, ݰ, ҶҶҵʱ򲻰ҲΪ˼ҵŮԽòԽΣ, ģȷʵ˵ĺܡ
ԵŮҪ÷Ե÷ɫ, ǶҶ˵, ԼԼƤ͸죬֮ǰһֱҲǺÿġ
Ҷ֬ԼͿƬƬ߲źΣ껭ϵƵģʵ˵Ϻÿ
ɲûֱ˵ֻǸõĶЩ֬ÿβܶͿһ͹ˡ
Ҷ˫۾ȻЩʧ䣺ǲǲЩã
ȴûбʾͬԼҽӺãȷʵǲͿÿǼȻǽҪˣȻ˵ʲôվͺ֮Ļӡ
´һûжϵģնҪϲϲ
ϲģȻ֧֡
ҶĶﲻͺÿ˸ǸÿģȥϴϴҰ㡣
ҶԣЩȵĿ๫ô֬
㲻ûᣬǰûֻСʱϹױ֪ţòýĪҪЦҡ˵ʱ΢̣Īľ͸Ҷܴġ
Ϳ֬ʲôҶǲģ˼Ҳ̫ᣬҶǶäĿΣȥϴ
ڶˮʱӳӰӱͭˣҶҲͿԼڵģ
Ķ
ʶһɺܿͷӦڵľͺˣˮϴɾŸղ๫Ӧòǲϲŵˡ
ģ˲Źˡ
ʰˣҶЩ˼Ļȥ๫Ҹղŵ˰ɣ
ѾﴩŵѵˣЦŵĶôױŵġ
㱻ŵˣҲܳϡ
վǰҶ֣
ҶСŹȥ£ɵİͷ
ʵΪ˭Ϲ֬ûⶫΪԼҽղȥϴ֣ѸٻһԼǰ鱾ֱ֬ͿͿ˺üΣԲ԰׵ֱϻкüӡӣ˸³̡
ŵѧʲô죬ֻûԼгһҪԼж֬ϡ
һΪҶģֵá
ԼҽӺãҲ͵˫ġ
֬ͺޣһãֻϣҲŪˡ
֬촽м䣬Ĩ
ⱾǼ򵥵Ĳ裬ҲԼĶã˼ҹϲĴױʽһᡣ
ҶʺãƤ壬ֻǼξͺá
رͮɫĿ֬Խޣ
ָ΢΢һ٣ԭרעϸµ߶˶Ծľ;۽촽ϣ
ޡ
ܼԼʱȴС
ﲢ֪룬԰׵Щ죬ɵõĵס󣺡๫㲻𣿡
֣Ŀ⣬һ¡
ҶҲû⣬ֻԼˣЦЦŤͷȥеԼ
ͭ棬ճȻģҶҿ壬»صˮǰ棬ս˿
ʹȻȴԼһܽĿȸոյʰҪõöࡣ
ҶЦС˲Ҳǰģ˭᲻ϲԼÿЩ
ŤͷЦ๫ÿ
ոƽͱ޵Цˣıƽʱĳȵ˵ǽÿȻôǺõġ
ҶȴҡҡͷոǸ̵ľͲÿ
ɵЦסҶ֣˸⣺ƺϲͭ
Ҷ̹ϵģǲϲƽʱҲͦÿģղˡ
ͭеͭʽ
һ⻬һƣǸµĹƷҪ˵㲻ϣ˵ʱ˲һĸ塣
ΪǸϲվӵģͭû󣬶Ҷ֮Ҳʱһ£˭ûйעǲĺá
ͭһرžͰˣûҪá
Ҷ֮һжʻģõȻҪ
Ҷ룬ͷһһЩֻͭٺõҲر֮ǰ̶ӵ˵һ־ӣͭܶࡣ
Ҷ˸ʣ̶ʲô
͵ǺģǻἯһ̶ӣǵĶȥĶ׬мĲۣǻķᣬΣҲ١
Ҷ̳ϵһϲͨǮ׬ȻģΣܹǲãΣյĻ๫Ҫȥ
ֻȥ㶫ľӣоһЩҲҪǴûϸ˵ֻҶġ
̶ǳ£׼Ժ˱ǮԼһ
֮⣬ܶ½½
ֻһľ̲ҵõٱӻ
ܿȡȻǺõģǿƾٿ˭˵׼веĳ˿Ҫ⣬һʱҪϵĺöʵѲ¡
Ϊδ黹ҪԼ
ѾܵӣܶʱܵһЩŴҪ·ϵõôмСǲеġ
Ҫкܶ࣬һܹҪԼͽһӻźá
˽Ҷ֣Ҹ㻭üɡ
ҶЦŵͷá
ͷҶרעԼüģԽԽÿ
ҶŬԼѧĴʶ
Ŀǣ֮Ǻÿġ
Ůܸо챻ϸϸɨüϵĴУȵ߶ãҶʵ𣿡
һһԵʪ˲üëûһȡ
ͬʱ̾˵˷֮üΪܣĲѶȿɱͿ֬߶ˡ
Щûüճˣ붼һ˫ᶶ֣ܰüëɶԳƵĺù
ҲͻˣȻ˵ÿĵҲȥ
һθпиÿӾǸӺòڡ
ȴһƬ絭ᣬֻ˼СƵģǵҶĳź£ú¯ȥϵԺӡ
ôҲҪҪữױ̽̽ǽѧ˻Լѧ˶á
Ͼʵû֤Լһλ˵ĻԳˡ
ҶţıǶϺӡ
רӸţҶƢͷһγһ»ãҪЩ鷳飬Լɵϱױ˻סӸҲǸ
ҶҲϤ֮ǰžţһϳҶͰѴĵĸǷ˷֡
ϸ˿ƵóǼţͷɹĥɷּɵƤϼڣ˵ǵģʵʳ
Ĳ࣬Ҳֻ̫ϵļ¥ĳա
֮ǰĶү̸˾¥ӵĳˡ
һֱϣҲ֪һЩ£²³ҲֻΪԼҶүˡ
һֱ˽߶˵ҶǸиģԼиܰѸָ
ţȻԴҶԽ
ϲͬƲʲôͬģֻǾζãּǹŵȻҪҶ˵˵ЩҩĻŪЩĲɡ
ҶȴûаѹעκϣֻһڿڵİųԽȥӣһ㡣
ȥӾ벻·϶Ǵ·ƽ̹ţߵҲ졣
ӳ겻ã㵽˵ط
Ҷÿ⿴˿оĽֵĶ࣬߻ЩС̯Ҳ࣬ҵľ̾ͿڽֿڲԶ
һҶǸõضΣǲףȻǺġ
⻰һǷУһҲġ
Ͳǡ㲻ʱˣ͢ҵչԽԽ࣬кöҪߺȣҪõضΡ
Ϻ๫Ӫҵҩ̣ض˵ҲԶûķ
ЩĽţԼ๫ȥ߶߶ˣֻܲ˳Լɺ
ιЦվſڣżʱƼҵĳ˼æӭȥЩŤͷСƵϽ³
Ҷû˷Լŵ˳̧ۿ˿ι£Цŵι£๫ƣû¶ɣ
ҶʱιЩȣ⻹ͷһ⿴Ҷ÷죬û뵽ݳڡ
ǼҶȻ鲻ҶĲͬι²ͻȻһ˾;ñ仯Ĵ
ɫʣ֮ǰ඼Ʋˣ۹ŵĽƵġ
ι²࿴ܿŲߣЦŵ󲻵󣬶̽ɫãͷ˵ţϺҲιЦкƣλȥ¥ϺõĲ豸š
Ҷȥ˶¥ʱʹӴƼͷԼô˳ȥڵġ
ҶЩ棺Ҳֵ𣿡
Ͽһۣü΢壺뿴ֵģûµĵƦ
ܿ죬ϵĻõӡ֤Щ˾վǰ棬ͷһ𣺡ƹ˵ˣӷǮׯķˮ뿪Ǯ
˻һϵȻûµģ˭֮ǰԱţ
ɵãǴ˻Ҫҳˡ


22 
ˮʲô, Ҷ, óЩ˲׼Ҿ˳˳Ŀš
Ȼ࣬Ҳûʲô, ǸӰ˾ϵġ
ιԭŶһͽȥ, żʱûһֺһ¶̣˭֪Ȼôͷ߲ˡ
üͷһ, ۾һ˿, Щ²Ǯ򷢡
Ѱӿϲ, һЩɢˡ
ؤŹӹϲǮ, Ʀͷ»ӡ
һ̼ҾõӴǣƲ֣һͷԱŵĶ벻ˡ
ٰ, ΪС£Ǵ಻ᵱ¶졣
ΰ, ˼ʱС, ǻ鷳ˡ
Ҷգգ۾, С˲θճ˲, Щ˽, ƶ
๫ľǺ, Щ˾ǻ, ϲĻˡ
Ȼͬ飬ҶŶ˵˾䣺Щ˻úܡ
ϸŵͷЩǣι´òֳ¶
˻䣬ҶͿ¥µιӭȥ
ιϴЦʹˣȻΪ˾ȴһźݣЦ͸ӴȰЩλƣС⻹ûأںþƲ٣λ²ȥ˵Σ
һ˵ĵˮ©ƫƫڲʲôƹιºû
⼸Ȼ⣬ǽȥ˵ɻô£
Ҫǲ£ôǮ
Ȿһ׻ЩƦļ죬ȻҲ׼ιӡ
˵ͷҪ˵ȴιѾЦек˻ƹûǷӦĻᣬƶһ˵İǸסˡ
ſӭǽȥǰһһ֣ɾĸŪ˽ȥ
ûʱǷ㣬Χ۵İղ࣬վڽҲͿ˸Ӱһͷʲô壬ȻҲ֪⼸ƦԼȥĻǱȥġ
Ƕ¥Ҷȴǿ˸۾Щȡ
ϸǡסһǰֻιΪ˺ƾû뵽Ҳôϡ
ر⼸žӳģִҲ׼Ƶġ
ǰ⼸µŪ֮󣬾ûôˡ
˵һյĺܽζҲܡ
Ҷʣ¥ϺҲæϡ
ιͷǸ˵ʲô
˲˵ι̧־һ͡
žһֺݣ̼˰ƫƫι治ɫҶرιһϵ׳
뵽С˲οԼһ䣬õ˸
ͷƵóµ϶Ǹݽɫι̧Ҫһߵﻹҿţ̺壬ҽ壡
ιµͷַƵʵ˭ģ
һ˵ƹ񡣡
ιһһƣ˸Գơ
ᰤ˴ҲŲ˵ιüͷ塣
ʱι¿Ҷˣæ˸ոյĺģѰЦ̣ȥЪţ¶ұǡ
Ҷƣʣץʲô
ι»صǶүԸģ˵£˶׼ţǳ¶ץ¶ܵӿš
ҶԸģ㲻ʣǰ۾ǼµˣιҲſȥ
ȻѾˣװɵҲǸ¶
ιüͷ΢壬ʵƴ˾ʹˣԺҲûкۼȴĴǣȻҪϵġ
ȥʱ˵ȫȨιȴЩû³̣ʶĶҶ̵̣¶
Ҷụ̂ЩǻˣѰô˵Ҷ֪һʱҲ֪ô죬۾ͿӺͶϡ
Ȼ󣬿ǱϾһֱںլͷź˵ģЩȻû⡣
Ƕϣˬ˵ҲֱӣĪ˵ҲǼƦǹ£ڴȥҲǺԩ
ιһЦⶭҵѾͷᣬĶ˵Ⱦʹȵģ
С˲ζЩûʲô궭ϵĻԴ˿ݣ˵˾䣺аɡ
ι£
ϣ
һŻˣҪ»Ǯ˸Ӳӣ
Ȼ˵ãҲ̫˵
ջܰ齻һòС˶Ҫˣ˭֪λȻ˻ݣ
ʲô
弱æ໺ҪУιۣº˾ŵİգӻ˰ǵ˴ȥͷϸʡ
ٿҶʱιĪĶ˵㹧̣¶ҪҪȸ߶ү
ҶǸ¶๫ģҲ⡣
û˵ιµֻһһ·;ԶǼҲܹ̫ãǸ飬Ǿôţһʲô¶鷳ˡ
һԼģιҲЩ뷨Լˡ
Ҷ΢΢ƫͷ룺Ǹʲôͻȥأ
һ˵ĶĻĶȥҪǽл÷
ƫƫ仰ιһȻ
⼸˴ҵ¶ʵ˶óǲģϾû˭黹ҪԼͷŶϣϲ
ǵ˭Ѱ졣
ţֻǴ򼸰ӾͷųȴӰԼơ
ӸңԼȥʵ˭ǵѰ£ʱȻа취⼸λĻ֮ˣԼûʲôϵ
ߣʵǸߣˮõã
ιһп̶Ҷ˹֣Ըпǣʵǳܼ
һ˵ҶһĪĿһֱι뿪û׵׷ʲô
С˲β֪һб˾
ⲻӿŵС˸ûע⵽Щ˱ŪŪߣһлûʼѾ
ι°Щ˸ǮׯƹȥԼǳţ·һ㣬ȵ˼ʱȼڣ󼪴
Ҿ̵ҺѾͷֵ˲٣ʨӰһжŪֵģȻû˼ǵøո˹¶
Ҷ˶¥ĴǰŶ䵲ס˱ž۾Ц
ҲŶ䣬Ҷ⽿ģ;øո˵ôȵĻҶŻЩ˵ģԼ̷Ʋ뵽ҲʹЦչȥϲʨ
ҶҲֻҪ๫ģҾϲ
⻰˵ôҶԥûС
ֻҪ๫ģϲֻ֪Ҫģ๫Ҳϲ
ֱЦȴĽ
Ҷ벻Ľѡ
ҲͷһαһˣĽҲϰܿ춭ֱʨȥߡ
ȵֹҶûжϾ˽ιԼҪæҶҲȥҩ̿ι´к׼뿪
ʱϵֽʣд˼֡
ʶֵģԲԲд˸֣Щ֣дʲô
ҶֽŽһĻش𣺡ȥ๫״
һЦ״Ҳôֱ׳ĹҲͶһλˡ
ŵʱҶûڽֹսǵĵط
ٴαӴѧøϻؼңǳŷ˯˷ӵĺӡ
ӺŲٽҶһ㶼ģҲϲʶ֣ȥģСһͲȻ֪ѧҶɩǮģϲǲϲûڡ
ҶɩǻӵҶؼңҵѧþϣȥʱɾҾ̿š
ҶҪ֣ҶɩֲűʹǮ֣ײˡ
ֿҪߵʱҶۼ⣬һ۾ƼţҶָŵ쿴ǹùã
˺ü£ȴûҶɩӦ
ҶЩֵİͷȥƼҶɩҶֱģҲԽ߬Խ
ΪʹҶۣҶɩҲˡ
һֱҶʹİֳҶɩǻع
ҧأʹǰֻ֣Ťͷȥһ԰̯̯˭ڰϲ£
С̯Ȼ֪ģҰҺƵǸҾ̣¿ŵģⳡ棬Ǻ
Ҷɩֻǰ仰Ѿˡ
ĶǣҶԭڹӡ
ĪģĿڶ۵ġ


23 
Ѱͬһ״̬¹ʱ, ƲԼڹǺǻ
ƫƫ¸֡
˭˭ú, ˭˭ĲˣӰ顣
񣬱Ǳ˹֡
Ҷɩʧ, Ҷȴ
ҶС, ĺʲôƽʱԲ٣붼Ҷɩߵã˵۵û̫ࡣ
ǲҶȥҺ, ڽϼҶ, ҶһСͯҲ֪ԼϦദˣҶúÿ, ҶҲЦ֣ùÿ, ÿĺŮƵġ
⻰Ǻ˵ҶȷʵǺǰͬ
ֻױݵĶ, ҳԵĺ˯ĺãɫûҶʱƼ, Ҳɵ, , ü, Ǽӱ㲻Ѱ˼Ҵġ
ϵ¯Ż, ͷϵķ, Ȼ㲻ø, Ҳһ۾֪Ǹ˼ҵķˡ
ʵ֪Ҷɩʲôʹ㣬ݺšҶƨһѡ
Ҷ۵ֱӿֲ֪Լ˵ʲôί޵Ҳر
ҶɩöˣߣҶʵŪҶɩһӡ
Ȼû˵һѵ˻ң첲ﻹ˸Ҷɩ䶼졣
ŤͷһƵҶҶɩû¶ˮƵģ˵ܡ
ҶڿޣҶɩȴֻŸϽߣԶЩһѿ
Ҷ֪ߣֻţȥ˶ϵҩ̡
ϵķҩ̵ƹ񣬽ɸȥҩ԰ڵֻһֵжš
⵱ֵľѰУҶм񣬶ڶϵȥ濴ҩġ
ҩ̣ҩķűŵúܺãһļ˺ܶСһĳ룬ÿ϶дҩ֣ǶӦҩġ
ҶúϸͬڸոھʱģҶ档
ҩģҩԣÿһʵĸЩ϶Һһ԰Ųö⡣
ҶǰϳһһҶһϲҩģҲãԺµʱͿתתҪʲôϡҩҲһ
ҶӦҲ⣬ϵЦݸޡ
ʱ˶һҩϣϽӹ¶ȣüࡣ
Ҷʵ㲡𣿡
ϰ˻ƣȥϲ˵Ҳǲǰ˸ޣһӣûˣڶûϣҩģҩ˲٣ȴȻûŮ
⻰˵ļ򵥣ǶÿÿҪģҲį
Ҷס˶ϵ΢΢۾ȷʵ˵ӣֻҪȴһһϦ飬ϺҩҲûȫ
С˲Ѳ࣬ϺƢϣҲһϲҩģȻͶ˼ϲ
С˲ΪһЩԴ˼ӣ涼һЩǰɱԺҩġ
ʱ򣬶ʲôƵģվȥһӻ
̵ϣƿĲܿһƬƬĻꡣ
Щȥͬһ֣Ǻֻܶ꣬ЩҩĻЩͨĹͻ
ѧҩģȻ֪Щܻһ˾εİӰѻֱҶЦЩûȥɡ
Ҷ̽ͷ˿۾Щ⣺Ҳܳ𣿡
ǳԵģԡʱԡͰġЦŶָָͷĻ֣ʱһЩܰ㣬Կɡ
ʵǶרŸҶ׼ҵҩ̲Ǿ࣬õĳֵĳҩľҩġ
ҪֱҩģϾòףϾӶŵģҩģŶԼĶͶң
˼ȥϼϴҶϲ͵ҩĻζԾͻ꣬Ưܰ㣬ôġ
ҶЦлൽԼǰģһ߲ŪĻһţԭϴ軹ô໨ȷʵǸѧʡ
ʱָͣסˣһ޵Ļ䡣
⻨״Щڲͬ߼⣬мԺȥģָС
ֶصĻҶǼģзԭ೤ˮݷïõطҪˮܻԵġòƾǶ
ȻСʵģΪиĹѪ˽ʹ˲ٷӣ⻨ĺá
ʲôʲô
С˲δ˿̲Ż㱾ãԼ˺رá
ҶŻֿ˿ȷȷʵŶŶϵһЩ𣿵ֺ˻ỹġ
֮ǰЩҩĻҶûҪεҶһҪͻصߵġ
⻨Ů˵̲ЧܺãҪûԺкôġ
΢΢һ㶣չȥֱһ£Ǽ黨Ļֻ꣬ģҪĻһкü裬ȥɡ
ҶЦŵͷ
ĺãȷʵǼġ
ʱ䲻磬Ҷӣӱ軨Ͷϸ뿪ҩ̡
ţϣҶŪż黨оЩģžû
ҶҲٶŪ˻꣬׼ȥøװ
Ťͷֿ˿Ҷȡ˼Ƭᣬоζͦš
֮ǰԼǵЩ֬Ķš
С˲ξѻŻȥŻȥԺϴ裬ҲԿǲԼ
п棬Ҷÿͷ
ȷʵǱȴ֣·ϵҲ࣬ߵ̷Ķ廨š
Ҷ߸Ǿ۽ߵ̵ϡ
ÿոѧֵҶڶڶָ¡
ǡﴶǸǡŶиӡ
ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôǰϳĳͣһͣ


24 
Ҷͣţ, ÿӾȥ
΢΢ֱ, ַ̣ʲôĶȥˣڳЪŰɡ
Ҷҡҡͷ, û˵, ֻܲų˳ݡ
ӸںúõĪҪԶˣŤͷ㿴ҶѾһӡ
ʶֲ, ǿҲ֪Ǽӡ
æ˽ȥ, Ҷ࣬ȴ˵
Ҷ, ƺʲô
ƹǸۼ, Ѱ⿪궼Ҫиֻɨһ۾ͿóҶǸ˼ҵķˡ
˵ģǸξ㹻ݵġ
̻˴Цӭ, ֵˣҪð£С, ϴ, һֱɵľһ, ֯Ǵ嶼һһĺ, ׼⡣
Ҷôһͨ, ûס, ҲԼʲô, ֱӵ¡
£Ǵˣ
ƹ磬Сȥÿӣչʾ¿ʽƣЩɶʱ˵ĿʽͷСҲôġ
ҶȴǿûҡͷҲǸԼǸ๫ġ
⻰ЩȵĿҶ
˵ĹϵǼ˷ϸԼǸƢǮҲԼϣͻȻ˸Ÿ๫·ģӾʡ
ƹЦݲģǿģ⼪˵һ׻һףһƷ˾ͻˣ˭ȢиŲͣȥһƿӣİһ˴¡
Ǹո붬ֶúܺá
̵͢յҲǮѰ˼Ҳ˶࣬׼Ҳࡣ
ƹĹ߳ϲ²˵ƽͷˣܵľǺ£ƼǮ˽ǽܵıǸһЩĽ硣
ȴչ¶һΪëϲô˻ҳ˻ˣѾͲˣ¼ǮˣͨһǮҲһõģǸ˼Ҳֻһʮ꣬ƽûҲͲڡ
ҶҪƹ϶Ц˻һĽܡ
ѡеһɫ£ָмãҶԣů͵ĺܣҹҲǺʵġ
Ӽϲƹ񣺡ô
ƹЦݲõָӣǱģǴ˲С껹æģСĻĲա
ӣǮͭǧöѰ˼һȻܲġ
ҶǮҲ
ȴյҶߣʵ̣ҪҪȥ̸̸ۣ
̸ʶҶͬͷ
С˲ŵȰԱͷźĿ⿴ȥƹ̸
˵ƽڶǰɽ¶ˮҲͷµʱǹ
ѰĶҪͷһЩǮҲţȻ͢Լ۸йܿأ⾭̵˭׬㣿
ƹĸոյģ֪ǸģӲŲʵۡ
̸ҲһѧʣһʼһͷȥѹۣҲöԷԼ֣ʵʵȥȥһ˵Ҳˣһ˵Ҳˣ󰾵ò˭ȿסС˲һ㵡
գһǮɽǮһҶӵʱ۾ﶼ͡
̫ˣʡǮ
ǫһЦĬĬߵҶ
ƹȻ˽һļǮϹüﵹû̫ܣǮҲ׬ͷġ
ҶСƹҪȥҪǮˣҲһ
ҶǱ뵽˲ҺȲ裬ӿϵϺϧȥԼոѹûȴֳѾڶûҪԼԼڿӡ
ҶŲյֻͣš
ʱ򣬴߽ˣƴǲĴ磬ԺѧдǵľͲƹ񣬶ǵСơ
˱߿ģҶû⣬ʱ򣬴ӴͻȻ졣
벻עⶼѡ
󣬱һߺ߹شݣմã£ɣ죬ظŸոյĻһһĸߣ
ոջ̲ˣܳȥ֣ԭ˵ƹȻСܳſڣϸˣȻͨһ˵ϣšƵ
ҶĿɿڴʶץסӵ
̵ĪţƹлĿɲĸ֡
Ѱգ߻ʵԶģ߹شȻϲ⻶ϲҲЩƮЩз۵˻ʵĸжϲ⣬ʵΪĺô
£ɡ
Ծ̵˵ɼõȻǶö࣬ƹĹĿɲʲôǰ׻ӡ
ҶӽͣҲЦ
Լ๫ͬǾ̵ģҲǵϲ£»ȥҪ๫ϲء
ҶǵãҶҴɳȥ۶δ飬ֻǲ֪ȥ˺δҲȥ˱߹أ˷߹شݣ֪ҶǲǻܻŻ
ҶϸϸţҲ䲻йҶİѶ
ڿͭĲԶƹĲϵϲ̵ĻȥҶǮ
ϷҺõͭ壬ƹǳʱٲҪ˵һļָλԺĵﵱͷ͡
ҶŰµĲţţβûٽͣһ·ͣĻҡ
Ҷҵʱ鷿üͷ΢ĿιСš
µ˭ģõ磬Ķӣ֮ǰ˾ôǮǲ㣬Ƕס˵죬ʵǮȷʵû׻
ֻû뵽ĲôóֻԺҪЩй˳ˣܻЩҪƽ
ŵι¶ҶĴʱɵЦ
ԼԼ֪˵ĻȻιһģҶıֻӳȥ˶ѡ
Ҳ׼ι࣬Ͳ˾ҶҲǺõģֻоصĶ˲Ż
ʸι»˷ţݸСͻȥӽү̻ˡ
ոջһͻȻЦ˺¹ϣӿ첽š
ճǰ͵ԺӾ뿪ԺӣƿţһůѾů紺
Ѱû˵ʱ򶼻Ϩ̿ʡʲô⣬ůȻһˡ
εӰֻӣΪԼϰԼһȢ˽Ժ˲ŷԼʵҲǸͨˡ
ϲůϲϲš
ֻǻص˵ŵĸоվſڸпһ
غţѺͷŵ¯̵ϣͿϰŵһӺһ
ŵʱҶǮģ²ЩǽĶ
ȴûȥϸȥ̿¯ǰ˿֣ԼůŽҡ
ҶڰŪ磬ĽŲŤͷͿ
С˲ο¶Цݣܹק֣۾ԾԾԣ๫кϢҪ㣡
ǣʲôϢ
Ҷ̾Ͱѽˡ
ʵոѾС֪߹شǴϲ£ǺϢϢصͬǼ˰¡
ոջ鷿һϵ³̣ɸ˰ɲСָŵٴ𲽣ɵǮ顣
ҶĻֻԼոʲô֪ЦŵǺµģӿţ͢ݣ˫ϲţٸˣȻȥźá
Ҷ˾䣺󵰣Գġ
ĶŤͷСصߣȥСĻ
Сص͵
Сһֱûǣ֮ǰԼСʱ޲ð˵
ԤУҪĺȼ϶Сڣ
Сڵβëɻûأ
Ҷҡҡ֣иͲȼˡ
ЦЦȥºͣãģ̇ͷŴСصǾͼӸǱϲˣܸóԵġ
СطģΪԼСڱһңţȻүܿ£ǶƣͶүһ㶼һϲˡ
ҶС˵˾䣺๫һƬ
̽һ䣺СӸƬ
СһһӦ£εؼͷû˶СȥС
ҶԾԾԣС˲λûԼոû顣
ɿ֣ҶЦ๫ܰȥϰ𣿡
Ҷѵ֧Ӧ£ĳȥӡ
ûԼղ¯ʱѹסӸǲһǣʱϵĲһͷͿװŵĻꡣ
Щ궼ǶϾѡģܰ㲻ֻǸոƿŵϸϸܵ
ȴ֪ʲôôʵŪһӻʲô
֪ӸһתƼվŵҶѾ˰£ڽȹѵĴӣࣺϴ衣


25 
ҶʱͷԸ̧ˮ, ҶҪȸ, ϴˣҲϵ顣
ԷС˲ǰĴˡ
ŪůůģˮҲź, Ҷ׼ѻһȥ
ǳٳûм, ҶЩֵ̧ͷȥͷſڣһ۾ƺڿ, ƫƫҶȥʱŤͷ˱𴦡
¶˺Ķ, Ҷ˿̿裬ԼǲŪ̫ˡ
ɿŴӵ, Ҷ߹ȥ, ùӣͷЦſ๫ȥæİɡ
۽ǿһۣȴֺܿ, æˣ׼￴˱, ŵ𣿡
, 㿴ġ
Ҷ, Ƶͷ
ܿ̽ͷ๫, Ķ, Կ, ˵ǲûȥĵġ
ͷӦ, Ҷ»ص
ܿ죬Ƽһѡ
ϸڻλơ
ٿ첽ߵݵ̯˱űʣԼƽľһ׼˱

ˮѱʼī˱ϡ
Ҷ֪ĲɣѡһЩԡͰʱŻȷʵģϴŵʱ򻹲ʵ๫æô
Ѿ˱ʣ˼˱ϣǿ˻ͷֲ鷳
ҶĻش𣺡æ£
˵Ҫˣʲôд°
ϰԼϲΪʲôӣҲǸϲɽģϸϸ±ڳ͢ϲµʱѡһЩˡ
ҶˮĶ΢΢һ٣⣺ϲ¾⣿
ҪʥϵĲö⻰˵ίʵð׻һ¾ǣʵʹ⣬顣
С˲˵Ļʵ۹ȻʵҪлˣر𻵵ģǽЩҲһ˶鷳
һЦԼĴȻƦ;ˣǽ͵ҳ´ʮġ
ʮ⣬ǷָǾָıı桢Тȵʮֶԣʮֶºˣ˴Ҳⲻͷϡ
˵Ǵ£ǷųĶСˣ֮ͽҪúôš
ķ³̲٣һϻ۹ֹĿԴÿǵֻЩأҲҶ͵̫ŵת˻⣺ʲô˵ţߵǰִ˰
ֻǴ˰һǣܿ¶ĺɫƤë
϶һ٣Ѹٵز˰
ɫ°ϣȥָмãȴڿ˲䣬ͻȻû
Ҷ󿴲飬Цĵ콥ˣ֮ǰȻ˵Ҫͬһȥ򣬿Ҳ䣬㲻һȻ˵ڲţҪȥߣ캮ضģҪϸӦòŶԡ๫Կϲ
ϲ
ſ˵İſˣȴ֪˵ʲô
Ȼ򲡳ھڼУΪ˲ᣬϵ۶Ҳġ
£ҪӲ١
ȻҶŵǮģǶԣӸȥûҪû
ҲһҶţǮΪԼӿ㶫ҶԼһ»
Լ׬ӣȴ˵ůˣĶƵġ
£ĴϣЩɤӣſڵʣʣá
ҶøˣʾͺãôԶȥҲǸ鷳ںˣԺҲǴǸЩҵ£Ǻùܶġ
ҶЩ⣺๫ҾиĺܡѶһͺʣС˲κҿޡ
Ǵվ۾磬֪ˣȴǸרעĿ˺һ΢ıĺһ
ģﰡ
᲻£һֱҶϴ贩߳ڹء
Ҷһ̿յůģҲֻ۶䣬Ȼźʵ£ⲻҪ溹ô
ҶæϽˣȰǳ˺˷Ǻá
˵˲ϣȷʵȣټҶѾקµĿӣҲſֱԼ·ˡ
¹ҺãҶԼֽȲȣ
ЦЦȣů
⻰ͿС˲Σⲻһ˼𣿡
һ£ϸȴҲ벻ͨҪôͣ󣬻һһˡ
ʱСعţ˵ˣҪҪ
Ҷ̴Ӧһɢͷһȥ˷
ʢרŽЩǱѣµӺСȥˣСϲԿģǱͣѰԲӺСػӦųȥˡ
ֻʣҶˣ󣬳ԵҲ죬ǳҲϯЦſҶԷ
С˲ҲǱҧһڣִ࣬ζʮ㣬ŨŨζûЩľ£Ǿͣ
Ӹ׳ּ˼ˣǱˮ棬ŵըģȻȴϻ𣬶Եˡ
Ҷİ˷Ž۾Ķŵ๫֪ࡣ
ƽյ£ʣʳףû֪Ƶġ
ָһˣ֪ˣѧԺ㡣
ҶӦ£ȰϵǱ˺߷ֱ
Ȼʱ죬ǴӲԼԳţһе㵽ֹ
ֺҶЦһ㡣
԰˷ȥʱ䣬ɽȴңҶԼӰų
Ҷͷļã˿ƣȥϺõĶӡ
̿¯ǰŰɵķ˿ͬ죺ҺϲԺһմš
ҶЩĿִ˴ĸ첲˾ҪģȻ˿ô졣
ЦЦͷ
Ҷ˸ǷͻȻһ£๫ǸҲǺˣǻúܡ
ʵ飬̫ͬҶ˵ֻĴЩֻҪôҶõҲ٣ЩûҪҶ˵źá
ķβһµĲԱţǮׯ⣬ǿ̲ͻǣιѾʳˣǲ̼ҡ
Ҷգգۣ˭
̵ͬģ֮ͬɴĳޡһ˵ţһӸͷ
ֻ۾סһ˿˿Į
̼ҲƵĴӣֶֻ˵㣬ҲЩ
Ʋϣల±ã⽲ΪƣƫƫҪԼ˸ŵʯͷ
ȻţҪ뷨Ųܲﰭۡ
ҶЩƣ๫˵еҾȻû
ʱȥϵ飬ֻǣǽ￴ʵǻ˵̫࣬ǵĴ
⻰ҶģЦеӦˡ
С˲ĬĬؼ˵ÿ仰ÿ֡
ȴɵʹ벻ͨ͸ҲܻѧŪͨ͸
Ҫѧˡ
˵˵ŻҶ;ԼƤе
ôģֻǽ࣬ϣţҲ۵ģһһټϻϴͷڣҶůů̿¯Աߣ˯ˡ
ıֱҶԼϣǼһİҶͷɡ
ȵŮ˵ķ˿ˣҲûֻƫͷ
ãᣬЩЦ⣬ҲЩϣʵиŶԡ
˵ԼиԼи
ҡ
ҶڶʱǱڻģ˻ѣȻ̳ô˯ˡ
ֻһ˲ûзֱӣһűӸˣ˯һ
Ҷ˯ѵҲ磬һ̧ۣͷƼŴ
С˲۾ãȻ۾ԾĶ˵ơ
ţ๫Ǳ۾ҲǺÿġ
еëƵġ
ȵȣǼ˯ˣ
˯ƣҶЩϤһô֮󣬴ۺء
ԭЩԺС˲һ˲ÿӣôһ߬ס


26 
һ˯һʱ, Ū, ɢ˽һ²ɢɾҶʵǲһˡ
С˲żҲ˲ʲôԵ, ôչȥſ, ε˵ڴҴ΢΢۾ȥ
Լ׼ҶչȥĲ, , ָ΢
ĲĦ˺һӣֱҶȷûʲô, ˿
ϸ, һ˸ΪҶ̫ðʧ¹ȥҶһֱעźദ, ϸӣĵӱ֮ǰ˲١
, ڴһôҲû鲻ܲ, Ҷʵ˿
ȷ, Ҷһֱŵĸ첲Ҳ˾, ֱſϡ
ִ˴°, , Һû, ղŰװԼһҲǺõġ
ͷ˵ؿϣʼãǺܿҶ˺üġ
ҶΪѹˣСİѱӸǺá
ѾС˲ŵ³˱ѣ˴ϺĴ᣺˵أ̿ȼů£ͷ뿪
Ҷһ߳ңŵ˾۾
Ҷ᲻ŪԼӣŮͷ֮ȥ˴ϣԼҲɵҶߣſ飬˭֪֪ô˯ˡ
һ˯üá
ûΣûоʣƺһθоʲô硣
˯̤ʵҲߣѵҲƽʱһЩ
˭֪һѱڻŪӲ
˵Ǹͬһӣǵ÷˯ǰǺúõƽ˯ģмжξ룬֪˯ԺȫȻɵԼʱ͸оŮץסˡ
ûۣԼҲ˵ǺλҪ´汣ĳһЩ֮ѡװ˯ҶҲû֡
ŮſʱŵĹζ
ǹζûԹζĵġˣҶõͷƺǹζģԼġ
ԴЩ߰ķɢעȻƲס١
һֱҶ뿪Ȼо죬ĪЩɡ
һ˵ͷƿ￴˿˺ܿˡ
ҶΪ˲Ҷ׼Լɡ
ȽĽţҶԵڵĶ࣬Ҳõúܡ
ܺԼദһȣȻӽĽ
ҶһֱڴľǷںתҶȻǸ˵ġ
˸٣˼ɫĳ۴ϣҶʱ磬ȥԼֵЩҩĻ
һţƼ˱ʯͷվԺķϡ
ҶûкͷϴˣˣҶЦŵɩ簡ֶСʯͷУʯͷ
ʯͷ̴Ļش𣺡
ҲЦŶҶͷȥܺģͬҶ˵۳žҪˣҪһ˵һйڹ¶һȥ
ҶԱɩȥСҵȵȣЩůһů˵ţתȥкСع
ССŵҶǰ̡
輪黨ĶˣҶʣ۾ߴ
Сָָ᷿ǻĺܣүҷŵ᷿ͷȥԺﶳˡ
⻰Ҷ˿Һ๫Լһʱ˼黨飬ҪԸһ軨һ趼ס
Сȥ᷿ȥ黨ĺ޻꣬ǻġ
⻨óˮģڱȻá
ҶվƣָָĴףǸ𣿡
СرʲôãͻȻ뵽ǰΪҶ԰ĻԶƽ˵飬ͷʲôɣҪҰ㶪𣿡
Ҷһ㶣ЦãʲôҪ˶ҪģôͷŰɡȻ껨ȡҪ˸ŽȥǡУͷˮס˲ãǷ
黨ҶС˲εʱзԭˮԼŪ¶ȱԼҰֲΪ֮ǰʯѿݣǻõġ
С⻰ͷӦ£ҶϸϸĶ䣬Ը÷϶ȣȥһɫëΧסԼȥҷˡ
ϲûȥСҴţҶԺԽԽľ
ǰҲԺӣ㲻ʫĲŮҲǸϲͻ۾ˣ¼ǶԺӲϵǺܿ϶ġ
ԺľջѩһȺһƣȥ主ÿϹٲҪлˣ˸ԶԽҶͬȥϡ
˭֪һȴԺӾȻˣ
˵ѩˣĻҲӰȡ֮һЩڷϿֵֹҰ
СҲι״ģžѵǴ֮á
÷ϵ۾ЩۣҶʵԺôģ
Ҷ£Ż¯ЦЩҩģ๫˰Ժˡ
ˣ
ϵɴ۾ҶúúõĹôôܼأ
ҶЦҩĻЩãЩݲݵİźÿˣ๫ǿɰﲻæЩкôġ
ϴ̫ˣ˵Ҳû³̣Ҫҩȥҩ̱ˣαش£ЩǺö̫ϧ
ǰҶȻЦЦˣԳ¶
˾ǰһף࣬ҶҲĥһЩζ
иģ˺๫ˣС˲ξþг˵Ҳо˵ģҲȫǺġ
Щ˵Ҫ˵
Ҷ˿ϣһ᣺ɩ๫ԺӣҲ๫ҪƵģɩϲȥ԰ĻҲǺÿġ
С˲Ī֮ǰ๫˵ԼԺӵ飬ûʲôɣɩʲô
ǷϴϰҶӣû룬ʯͷһԵ÷Ư˵ҪժǶЦʯͷܿҲԺӵ飬һ·ҲలµĵϵԺӡ
ϺϱǺһϼһ¹顣
۳žҪ£Ҫ׼Ķ١
Ҳ˵軧ǵǮǼҪ׼ϯ桢̻񡢷µȵȣⶼˮһӡ
Ǹ٣һֱǺˣԴ軧Ӳ׸Ҳ٣Ϊ´Ҳ٣øǮҪϻȥ
ƽʱӲԼˣԴöܸ͸ö࣬ȥҲ졣
תתϵķ飬۾Ҷͷתתͻϲ¶࣬Ȣ˽ʯͷҲסˣҲׯӻӶù
ҶϴЦĥԼŲƽ޹ʵİǽֻΪ˿䣬㱧ʯͷװõĶʵֱֱģϽȥĻ
󣬱ϵׯӺӶҪ¿ϵǮǲҺү⾰ˣϲֶ࣬Ҫϯ档Ǯϵ⣬ǲҲҪһЩͰ׵Ľ֣ÿҽɣʮȡһɺã
լ飬Ͼϱ
ҶûʲôЩѾһİҵҶҲеס
ڼһԼԵĵĶСģ˵ﻹҪǮӣС˲ΪЩǮҲͦõġ
Ƿȴô롣
ӣͨ׵Ļ˵ǡŲǮ㶪
Ĳǿ٣Դļƽϡ
Ӻѵׯӿȫͬġ
֮ǰ̽ЩϹΪϾ˭һܲأƽƽôãżȻһεıҲġ
ףׯ׬ǮҪҲԼҳĶࡣ
ǰףʱҲôʣʱϾͶʱŵû˼ӪӣҲһ㣬ϲڶҲûǮΪһˮƽҲͲѳ
ǮˣԼžȻǰձġ
ׯ׬ǮĶʮȡһô㣬Լ˿
ʵӽó㲻öӵģҲȱôӣﲻ̹ıȱ˶;ÿˣ˾ܡ
ǣ۰Ͱ͵ϣСʵܻܲ
Ͽһۣʲô
Сž죬ʲôʮȡһˣҳһˣТģܲ˭ѹ˭ȥ˶٣һȥߴɵģܳ٣Ǿͳ٣Բ١
Ϊ˶ܺãǷŲԼ
շϿǱߵĽж٣Ǳܳȫһˮƽ˼ҲԼٳһЩһá
ҷϴûӻԽѵׯӣֿڷϵڡ
ʵҵûȴ˵ŤͷҶͬ𣿡
Ҷǰǹɵģص๫˵ģͬҾͬ⡣
ԣͷؿ˿ϣʲôȻˣ˵İɡ
ԲԲϲһЦţʡһʣá


27 
鶨, Ͽʮ, ͬ㡣
ҶǰʯͷԼŵιԣһСһͳԵÿ, ˻Ҫ˵һ䡰Ҳԡ, žĵúܡ
ʯͷҲЦۼʯͷԺϱ϶˷
ϱҲЦʯͷʲôϱڶ˵ǵĸҪ
˵˻, ϱʯͷȥ, ҶȴϵԺ
ϵЦЩ, ֣, Ա
ҶԹȥ£֣ԽԽϲ
ʵϿ, ԼϱԱȱ˼ҵʵõˡ
Ǯ˺ۣ˺ۻ, ƫƫż˺, һ, úõļҾôɢˡ
ϵĳ, ʱ˺լ, , ѡûʲôȴҲû̫ݹ
ȼ޵, עŸԼҶѡϱ
ѡģȻ֮ǰûСǷϵСֻ߬ԼȭͷԼĶģҲû
ż˲٣ǻ̵ķΧڣʯͷúܺã϶Ǵġ
ЩСëżôôˡ
ŸոշϵĽ飬һĨһȴûж룬ֻܰ۾תҶ
ϱȢĺá
Ϊº֪ͣ񣬶˵Ҷڸ֣͸ϸ߿һۡ
ҪǣҶ֮ԽԽˡ
ӻҵģ֮ǰͬ
֪ԼҶӵĽĴڷܣΪ˴󷽣ҵׯӸ˷ġɶѧѾܵõѧԺ飬δ
ϿԼҶۣĿ˵ѧʱ˭ԴҲ˭飬иӣгϢġ
ԽôԽǿϧûΪᣬһֱԹԼûܺúչӡ
۳źЩˣܱô룬ϾǾԼŷĳĵ汻Ը飬һиĺϱ
зڣϲҶҲ֣Ϊţһֱúνһˮƽ
ֻҶڣϵЦ˲٣ԽԽϲ
뵽ԼЦŵ⼸мв֬ͷһһ㡣
ʵ֬Ǹڣ׼ӽ̽Ҷôױ
ŮͿ֬Ĩ۸ѧģ֪ҶɩĵУҲ֪Ҷû˹ЩҲԼҶϱϧӽ
ƫƫ⻰˵ƣ˵ֻ̣˵ѡ֬ʱ˳ӸַȫҶ档
ҶЦӦ£Դȴ뵽ԼüʱӣǵЦԽˡ
һߣϱʯͷԺԼʡ˱ӣãһ춼⻶ϲ
ȵϣ¶һ˵ȴ˻
㵱ԼǵС˼˿լô꣬ǵ˼Ϳ͸ˣֻǹ˼Ӱˣ㻹浱˰
ȻǰطϵģŬԼҪ̫ߣϾԼԼۣǷһٶĸҲѾͷۡ
ȴԼĵÿÿ˽ǸģҲ֪ǵТģβǹһ㿪Ҳû˵һǮͶһҲúͶһźá
⻰ԼԴͻͻۡ
û̷˽¶ʯͷߣʡ˵С˵ŵӡ
ʯͷӱߺѾ͹ţŷϵ˵¶˵ȥӣ棬ǳӣһĶ𡣡
ǳӣΪӣϼ縺ͱȱһЩӦģõĺôҲͶࡣ
һԼƽͣҲ֪һֱ׬ǮľׯӣׯӸңΪҶб£ΪǴ磬Ҫչ˼չ˵ܵǣŰׯӸң£ûֻռ˲Կġ
ϱһͣԲԲϴЩί˵ռˣ֮ǰ·ûңҲҲû˵ʲô𣿡
ԼСŶ׬ǮԼԼɴϺü졣÷ЦˣﲻѾôˣ´·ûġ
һ⻰ˣȻʶ֣زǰͷ˵Ĵûס䣬仰ӣƳˣǲҡ
һ£һ㣿Կ㴩ģҪôۣ
ҭһ£һʱҲҲʲôɣ۾һתڵ˼ҶܶԴã֪ϲҩģԺӶˣأûѾ˿㻹Ҫҡ
ЩεĿҲԺӸˣ
ϼˣɱԺͷĻݿɶҾģɱ롣
ŷְѻˣƫԼֲǸƱˣ˵УǺʵûͷҲûǸͷ
Ȼûз֮ĵķϣţѾѷӸҲӦľѳۣٸǸĲɵģԼȥͶⲻǡ
뵽̾˿ڰֵαˣǸбµģҲ춢˼׬˶ӣ߰ġ
ϵĴ֮ҪʿɶֹԹԵͷڵĹȥµˮǷϵԼ๫˵ĻЩġ
̳ս׬˵СǮ˭껹Զٽӣ
Լ๫ǳõӪǱȲϵġ
뵽̹ˡ
ҶȥԺͷһ²ǰѳӵ˳Ķɵ๫ɻĨˣһ׶˵ЩͿÿ
ոտ˲µĽ⣬ҶĻ˱ϣЦſ
һƣȴЩֱ
Ҷĺÿ֪ġ
˺еøƯҲ֪ġ
֪ǣĽȻޡ
ȷʵǺܻۣ֬ĨҲã˫յ̺ƺϼһɫ纬ӣЦʱ򣬺绨á
ͷһοҶױģ֮ǰԼĲǳģ㲻úãǲ㻵ڵֵ֬ǡôʱ֪ΪôŮϲˡ
ȷʵǺÿͬʱڵԼ˼主󻨡
ҶҲ⣬߽ȥվߣЦŰԼ֣˵ˣ⼸춼ҹȥÿԺѧѧ
죬¶Լȥģá
Ҷͷͷ˵ˣԶɽüףҽ˺üζѧᣬԺ๫һ𣿡
ûԥʹӦˣС
ͰԼӣҶҪӦοڱôţﻹи֣
ǴӦ֮סԼ
֮ǰҶȥѧױĳʲô
ΪԼü˽̽
ڻü»䵽Լͷϣ
ƫƫҶֺڶûУĪЩЩɫĻ
һˣҪϵԼҲ۰Ͱ͵ȥժ
˸ЦҶüβ
ͻɣǶѧһôԼӻüһ²Ŷԡ
ҶȴûԼ๫ḻ˵ҪҳǮ顣
С˲εļԺܺãոϱ˵ĻǵһֲŷǸС˲Ҳ˵ˡ
֮ϸ룬΢΢üϵȥƺЩĪΡ
Ҷ״ס֣ʵôˣǲʲôã
̧ͷЦҶԼߣûʲôõģİžǣЩСԼĿġ
Ҳӣ˵ˣҪׯӻҪӣʹϣڸóľҪҶ˵ʱϵһ鶹ɳš
װŶɳĵǰŲŲ۾ǴЦ⿴ôȫ棬
ЩӵദҲóҶǸϲҲϲġ
Ȼ˻һҶЦü䡣
ֵ˿鶹ɳﶨµģǸĲˣȱ˵ʱȥʹ˵ǸҲһġ
ҶЩ⣬Ͻӷ˺ôԼҳ˿ģô๫Ҫȥʹⲻǣ
ͣҶҲʣϵ๫أС˲ֻܳԺ춹Եÿġ
ѩҶǴĻ˯ðȣ˿֪Ѿѩ
ⳡѩ죬ȵѩͣʱҲ˹ױ˵ӡ


28 
Ҷǰǲϲѩ, С˲Ȼһ˵ı, ԼϾֻ˲ΣҶиҪɹ̫, Ҫ, Ҫ
ѩʱر䲻˵춼ģƲ̫, , ҲӲС˲γܳԳ
֮ǰڳѩʱ, ˵Ҷó, һеıʯѿݳһɹ̫⣬ʱ
βһ, ҶǺԼҪÿȥѧôôĨ֬ģȻӦ˾Ҫȥ
С˲βѩ, Ҳᰴʱȥ, Ͽյȡ
Ҳ, רŰԼһ, Ҷÿ챧¯, ѩ䵽ѩͣ⼸ʱ, ûб紵, ֮ǰηѩ
κζˣͲˡ
ǹǱ˵ӣûȥ鷿ι£ιֱȥǰԺţҶһ緹
ҶѩͣˣЦŵü첻̫ˡ
죬ĺܣҶûаʯѿⱧ¶С
ԵҩĻҶǹĵģҲǹǲǸýˮˣǲǸõˣ˶ѣʯѿݲͬǿҶһֱ֪Ǽϲġ
ʯѿݵĻжƯҲζжܰ㣬Ϊⶫܾ
ʯѿݵĻޣѰǶտսֻҪһֱ˲ţԡŲУҶΪŰ׺Ȼ⾡ġ
Լ๫ӺЩ٣С˲βĶ̤ʵ
ЦŸ˸ˮ󵰣࣬һ߰ƤһߵѩľɫƯǼ԰˼÷ڸǿƯʱ򣬾ǰԺԶȻʣҴȥѩɡ
Ҷ֣ѩʱˣ๫㻹ǲҪȥĺá
нҴǸ¯ġ˵ŽƤĵŵҶҳѩ÷ժЩˮŸ÷ҲܺóԣӴͼӣժԺСԡ
Ҷ۾һֱ֡
ˮ󵰣Ҷĺøһ㣬ɰͰ͵ˮ󵰣һֱϲԳĵɵҲǺóԵġ
ֻ˵ˮ󵰱Щˣ˶ӺãҶŹԹԵÿ糿һ
ԲͺóˣҲÿζӲͷƤ
Ҷϲ
˵ĺÿָ˳ǽ֮ǰûѪɫĲ԰ףЩЩɫֱҲٴɫʯһ㡣
Ҷͺϲ֣˫ʲôţҲÿ
˵ĻҶ̧ͷ
˵ȥҶҲ֪ж㲻䵽ˣͷӦһȥѩ÷ĳԵʱ¶Цݡ
ʵҶ÷أǧС˲ɽǧѩ÷һֱûöÿ
˵÷ܳԣ¡
С˲ûĳԹ÷ĶǸȫܵˣԼ๫˵ĻĿǰΪֹûд˵óԣͶȻǺóԵġ
ȳ԰緹͹˺ȥǰҶ׼ȥ
СذҶϵӣ̣֮ǰ㴩ɫѩȻÿĽΪʲôҪɫģ
˵ɫƯֻСؿʽЩϣŲ֮ǰǼĳˡ
С˲СصͷЦŵ͵ģҵʱ˵ҴĶȻǸϧȻңҾҪ֪ǳϲġҪһϲŻϲԲԣ
СֻǸʮͷĺӣڴ飬΢һ˵ˡ
С̸С˲εģСɾ֧ëʣСԼëдãС꾾Ŷá
ʱǸС˲εҶһԿĿɿڴҲͼ
͵ĶҪóþãôʹ㲻˼ҵ⡣
׮֮ǰǵڣС˲ŵǶѧϰѵ
Ҷů¯£ס˶ߡ
ԭǲ̫ģ֮ǰѩµôʱҶ¯⣬ʱš
С˲ΰԼúܺãԺȲϲǺܺõģȻη
ʱ¯ž˷
ֻǽ췽ҲҪȥСʯͷȻᱻϡ
ǺϲҶÿμ˶ҪҶһʵҶԼ˺ţѺʯͷϾǸӣûдôҶ¯һֱůţԼĻһֱȵġ
ȻսţûҶϺͷһʯͷԹԣ
Ҷ̧ͷȥңƼϺͷѾǰŲյСʯͷǴ˺ü㣬ԴϴŸСϻƵñӻԴͶ䣬ȥ̬䡣
⸱ҲҶЦüۡ
˵ۣ̾СʯͷȥǸཱུĴԪ
Ҷ˶񣬽¯ݸСţ߹ȥֱСʯͷ˵ߣʯͷԣ˵ţҶϺͷЦŵţɩ
ŷͷԲԲϴЦкɣ·䲻䣿
⻰˷ԼҪúõ˵һͨѩ֮Ĵʶһ·ʲôһ㣬Լʱж಻ףϼĺô
С˲ȴûôۣҡҡͷʵĻش𣺡䣬Ҵʵ¯仹еء
ƫƫ仰ϰǣǶԼ͵ģҶϲȻǿġ
Ҷڻŵʯͷ֤ҶĻƵģ˵ԣȺġ
⻰˵ͯ棬ָ࣬üŮ˶ЦҶȵʯͷգཱུ˳㻹˼¡
ţָá
϶Сʯͷ׽ҶҲּɣһ˱͸òֱ˴ˣССԴҲЩ壬ƫƫ÷ϸ׼塣
ĸڣּң˱һپһ
һ֮以ʱȶǹϵһҪͺźá
Ϊ岻ͬԵģһ˵һ趼Լļϵһܲɷ֣ǳ͢ɷ涨ģ˭Ĳ
ʯͷҶϵڷϿӦһˣӣһ˶ʯͷ˻˲ء
ǵ£۳ž͹ˣҪܶʯͷһЩѹǮ͸ˡ
ϱ΢΢һЦһڣºӵȥѩϱµ˵һջ񿪵ãǵϢʱȿĺá
Ҷգգ۾û֮ǰ˵ʲôʵʲôϢ
ǸǰԺµıˣҲò֮ͣǰ˵Ϊ׵ĿҪǸһЩǱʾͻϢǸոպϼ£ţҲùһ˹
Ҷԭǰѿòˣ
ЩҶǺ⣬Ӿܲ˵ģ˵øҶҲøøڸС˲û
ȻѧŹǮֻԼӡ
ҪҶͲԼãôȥҶۡ
˼ֻǲֳֻӰѻŵϺЦŵѩļãͨɫѩһ㣬Ǻû
ϵͷϴЦͷ
լֲ࣬رѻĸˣ廨ܼңͻʱվˣ⻨ܿͬζ
Ҷһ⻨ٺÿûʲôãҲ˵ʣʯͷһԸŵͷɵúܣʱʱĻһ䡰ʹɩࡱʵ⣬Ҳͦгġ
ʱӽ
˸ӵȥһӣ˳ȥˣǰѲӽϡ
ϴɨһۣ۾¶ЩȻˡ顣
ȴû˵ͷŵĶǶŷϵȻϲѩ͸ˡ
ЦݣЦӯӯлϡ
ϵͷҶҲʵĶŷЦԵͷ´˲ӡ
һҳȻɼҵ˵ҪһնɵĽ㣬Ǳһˡ
ҶԹԵͷ¶Цݡ
ϸϸģѵׯһٹ࣬ʮȡһĻҪʮᣬɵôᳬġ
Ǻܿ죬ϱϵ͸ʮɡ
˻һϲûñȥ


29 
ʮᡭʮᣡ
ԭڶѩջ, Ű׵ôһ軨, Լ˵ǺãϵĻ֮󣬷ͻȻԼĶֱ졣
۾, һӵĻ˵, ֻΪһ䣺ôʮᡭ
ҶǮûʲôƷҲ֪ʮ᲻СĿ
ﻻһ£һһ, ҲһǮ, ʮʮ¡
ͦġ
ƺԤϵдһʣҲż, ȶյһ, 촽ˣӵЩˣȥЩȵɡ
, Ҫôˡ
ԭĳ治ñܻӵģϵ, ˽Ӳ, ǹҪ, ŰԼ֧Ӧ
Ųȥ, ȴûȥˮ, ȥһԵĲ跿, ڲ跿úС¯ֵСһ, ˿ͬһԡ
ֻϱˣһ¶ץҶСʯͷ
֪ϵƢһ㶼⡣
ֻϸոձѩģ˭뵽ϻǲ¡
תתϵķ飬ϿڵⲾϼǵɵľµӪãȻû̫ɫǹǾ̵ĽʮᣬĨͷɱʮᣬ֮ǰ˵ģɼҵҲųˡ
ֻ˵˸ţûо˵о֮ϰ鵭ģƲʲôġ
ȻҲû˷ϸոһ˲ľȡ
ʵõ֮ǰϾ֪Ӻ𣬵ǾôҲò׼
һֱǰģ鶼˵˵ƫƫıµжҲںϼ֮;ã׬Ǯ׬Ǯû
Ͼ׬ö࣬Ͼ֮ǰոձˣʱһٹѾǼģڲһʱ䣬ٶܶൽĶȥ
ϱҲôΪ׬Ļ᲻಻֪벻١
ϴӦ˷ϵļƻҲҪôϵ˼ԽѵԣʡԺôС
ĵõʱϾԼƤ
ʮᣬʮᣡ
ȥ֮ǰʮһµӯ࣬һµĽİٹ֮࣡
ϸոտӿʱãΪҪԼҶɵǴôǮ
ϸͷ֣ƵǮǩ˺ü¥Ĵ󶩵ȶṩҺƣȷṩҺƸƷʵľˮ
¥ͬ԰յͨӣʲô˾¥ǮҪһ
һǩҲˮһĽˡ
ʲô취Ҿ̺;¥ϵģϲֻ֪֪ԼŷˣĶɹȻǸдϢģ
ȴǸ⵭ģķϵЩǮȷʵЩ࣬ԣׯӽ̣ܲˣҲԿ
ʵ⻰Ѿ㹻ҲӣɷƽʱϲͷμӲҭôһµۡ
ԿԿԴˣ
֪ܶײԼţϻʮʵЩܼ࣬ܲһЩ˵ţϵ۾ҶϣԼ˵˵
С˲Ȼ˲ãһֱҪϵģȥ˾๫ģ˷ϵҶɩ㲻ȥʹһ£
ȥкõģ
֪ѵƢԻú͵ܵһʮռ˵ܵܵıˡԼǰ¶˵б°ʮʮᣡ
촽ֿϣڣϵٰǣµĴɶɻǵģҲЩеûģ¶Լ๫˵ģźáЩˣȻذɣ·СЩѩϻ
֪ûתˣʹһӻȴҺ߶ֻŻȥѣܲбķӡ
ǷҲ飬ڲѡ
֪Ͱ˵ĸԶʮȡһ͵ˣͶɱʲôȣ
ǸԳԵģֻʮҲ¶Ӳһ
ǳģƫƫǰôһԱȣԼԼ˿ӣȻԼԴʹֱǴӷϵ⡣
ƫƫǰãҸոǷѾѵõػˣ֪ǳԼģĻҲ˵ֻܱʯͷŬԼ΢Цĸ뿪
֮ҶȥѧױС˲ûǶϵЪţˡ
ϸո˵˲֮ʣҶϵĹв٣֪ԼҶϱǸƵģҲ׼ԼĿ׻ЦЦãذɣ·ϵЩ
ҶȥСػ磬û¯ô£Ŷ뿪ϵԺӡ
С˲γԺţ֮ǰ˵÷Ǻܺóԣ׼ȥ˵ѩ
ɣȥ·ϾƼӭѺ
Ȼ˵һǮȴûа۵ģò˵ϸ˽Լ๫ѴǮ¶ͬҲϱԼ
ȻȷʵǷԼڿԼѻǲ
Щ̾ˣϣʧ˵ؿЩҲû׻ѸҵǸġ
ŵ㣬žǸƫԼӡ
˵⻰Ƽź춷ҶѲûǰֻԶԶĺҶ񣬱뿪ˡ
ׯϵ黹в٣ҪĹȥҲǲӷɿ졣
ǿ첽ߵҶǰ֣ñ¯ůȵֱҶôߵˣ䲻䣿
ҶͷЦ㲻˵ѩ֮÷ÿжÿ
ǣַסҶ֣󣺡£Һͬȥ
ĬĬĿһۣүոջ˵Ҫȥι¶ġ
°ȻҶӺܻǵİ仰˻ȥ
ү˵ĶǶԵģϹʲô
Ҷȥ˲Զ԰ӣһ¶ţƼһƬذ׺͵ޡ
ҶΪ㹻÷Ѥãǵ԰÷ʱŷ֣ͬ÷Ҳвһģ
԰ȻרưŹģ÷λô£ԲʯѾѩǣиƲʲôõġ
ɵ÷ѾȥҶеĿ⡣
÷ޣȻʢţ滹ѩ׺Уûڸ÷ķɣԽԵûѤá
֮ǰС˲μ÷ҰƲʲô£Ǿ÷ǱһȤ
ȤҶ˵Ǿһ۾Ƴˡ
Ҷȹڲѩǰߣһֱ÷£ͷãͻȻЩơ
״Щ֣ҶǺ˵ģ˭֪Ҷ֮տһת۾͹ƺ
˽Ҷ֣ʵôˣ
Ҷͷ˱ɣѾʶôãܾԼûѧá
ֿΪԼԲ壬һ뵽˾ͲԾǡ
˵Ҳ֣Ҷѧʲô죬һ˸ⲻ˵ҽҩ䣬ֻǶ飬ҶܼǵֺѧҪϻЩ
ƫƫдһҶá
ԲģɰԽԽɰ
˵֮ǰǰŵģھȫſ£
ԴҲûʲôãԼӿıãдʲôԣԲԲĲҲͦɰġ
ҶƵĲ
Ӧ˵дҲģֻҶȻΪܡ
Щָָǰ÷ҿôã˵һÿĶݲ
˵һһ׵ģС˲Դﵯĳ˺ÿƯİʶ벻
һ⻰վûסҶЦ
ԼҽзӰ鶼øȤãǸ
ҶΪЦԼأҪڣȴ˵ΪҪ仨أҵȻҪĳԣô䣬Ȼŵ˵һ㡣
͸ҶƢǸ԰˯ĽӣʲôݰģȲһ̵ܺġ
Ȼ˻һҶӵ˸ոյСŤ۾Ķð˵˶ھժ÷
ĶַŻصָ˽ͬԼ˽£Ťͷȥü
Ŷ׼ȥʱȴס˽Ų
ֻһ糺춷Ҷվ÷£ͷذ׵ִӶȥӨָ֦ͷ÷
оߣҶŤͷһЦ
˵ݲȴԼô飬ҲһһС
ͻȻԼıůȻΪʲôȵ
һУ¾á
ʱԭ԰ͻȻһͻأ
ร
ڹԭֻĴƫƫ
ңļ٣ȴֻһ
ҶЩɻĿǶЦЦ㿪Ҷߵʱżӵֽ˽ü䵭
һ̣һеСͻȻãСڿ¾Ҫϱɼˡ


30 
Ҷûɫ, ҲǺܽͻȻļ
, Ϊ˵ҶԼʲôڲͬģոֻҪһ÷ϵѩˡ
֮ǰ˵÷ˮģҶ볢ϵѩ
ûҶͷָһ»ꡣ
÷Ůָ΢մЩɫѩ
ſ˿, ͡
ԭŽǺȼǳԽ, ׼ȥҶƼԼҪָ졣
æס, ߹ȥסҶ, ôԲô죿
ҶѾָѩĥһζ, ţеǲ𰡡
ЩЦãҶקԼţѩȻûζ, óԣֶӵġ
ҶŶһͿŵӡ
ﻹһѼ, ҶǣھͿʼժ÷𣿡
, 𣿡˵, Ѽӵݸ
Ҷ˳żӣСżȥ÷ǲ¾Ͳˡ
Ѽ·ŽС˲˦˦֣۵úܡ
Ȼ÷ߣǿ滨಻ȫҶҪŽֲܹõġ
һ»ˣʱһø첲ᡣ
ҶûʲôӭѶϵִӣժֲʯѿǾĶûҶ⣬ȻŪ
Ҳһ棬Ҷû£ӵݸӣȻСЩ÷
ӵͷӹӣһСϡ
СʶҲ࣬ƽʱСҲǶչˣҲקһ
СﻹڵԼСڻΪղһɤӽ˹²̸ͣҶ
԰ӳ÷ԵҲûʲôˣʯʯʶѩסܿȷʵҲࡣ
ЩƸеīܶһƬѩǧƪҶޣһﶼ÷һﶼԼӣҲûʲô鿴ˡ
ʱ磬֦ϵѩǶ΢綼ø䡣
ȻҶ֣΢΢˷磬ذɡ
áҶͷӦ£ڿҪߵ¶ŵʱƼ˸ڽ
۵ģǸӣǵ״Ŀǽϡ
Ҷɵÿʲô
һֽۣ𰣬ûꡣ
Ҷգգ۾ֽ𰣿𡣡
βû˵Ͼǲ̫ԼԺŵģ֮ǰΪȳ׺Ժ鷿һߣȵҪ׬ǮӴţֻʵǲࡣ
ű˷ֽʱУǹ⿴Ķ֪ò档
Ǻɫǰһصֽ̣ͦ˼ģɸ״ǼӾͳ˷ݣŷɵʱ˵Ȥء
Ҷˣ˺档
ǿһۣСƽʱԹﲻ¶ģͻȻôڣɵ΢΢üȴ˵
󣬾ӵʱ򻹻ֽͷһЩëƮƮҡҡģÿ
Ҷֽ֪ʲôӣֻô˵۾˺ϲ
ȴЦЦĿһۣ۾΢΢ֱӵԴҿ
ܿ죬Ƶۼﲻֻڼ𣿰ëˡ
С͵رֱ壬ȴ˵
ǵͷش𣺡СڵβëûأƻҪһӡ
Ǿ͵ȵȰɡ֪άֻɵĴ󹫼Լˡ
ɣ벻ΪӶϲֻΪСϲˡ
ƣֱӦӵ
С⻰۾СЦӦһллү
ȻСڵβͺһͦ۵ģǣʲôҪ
ëû˾ûˣ
ȴһ㶣̧ͷƼѾҶԶӼæקСһСŸϡ
˵Ժ⣬ӺСضûиȥſ΢΢˶ٲӣŤͷӵԴ
ʵʵصͷġ
󣬾˵üëװֽ𰣬ĳ
Ƕպ죬ȴԼĺ󱳳һ㺹
ȴ˵ʲôֻǵɵСӣ²Ϊȥɡ˵꣬ͲٿҶȥˡ
СЩãȻĿ˿ıӰֿӣȥӸ磬үǲˣ
ҡҡͷڵɤЩƣû´ξͲһˡ
ող˵Ϲֽϰëеģר˵ȷʵǴ˵С˼
үˣȴӦ£ƺǲ̫ƽϡ
Ӹʱ䣬ҲƢԼѾԼõһ룬ҪԺ󻹸Ҫ̹ϣƭ
˵ģ²Ϊ
ֻЩƵǣԼոðôվȻֻΪ˾һֻ
Сؼ˵קקڣӸ磬䣬ȥԺòã
ŤͷСոյǵҲûˡ
Ц˵ʱ̫䣬Ϳʱû˼Щɣߣøԡ
ã
ֽ͵ҶϵʱѾСꡣ
ӺСһһһû󣬲βƯĺɫë
ë߱СڣΪСغݺİСںò׳βëιˣĴ󹫼˺ü죬糿ġ
ֽʱ򣬸ɶҲڡ
ÿ춼Ҷ˵˵һŪҩĻǻһҩĵãϵҲսס
ֽŵʱϴЦⶫû׵ʱҲ棬ֻǳԺͲٷˡ
ҶûɣΪóҪӣԼ塣
ֽûõʱͼСŷŹģ֮ǰĺӱǵӵû˵ģǲҳԡ
ҶСȰֽպãʱ棬Цſ˶ϣ֮ǰ˵Ҫģǵô
ϵͷͿҶ˸ӳ
ԭõıϴҶҪ˹ˮѾļݷ˽ȥ
ļͲǵģǻ֦չʺȥġ
һƾ͡סһϲ
ǸҩգСЩԼֲļݵҶ»ϸ˷ܵĿҶô֪Ҫˮ
Ҷ˸ЦƵĵҾ͸óͷ
⻰ǼٻҶǰС˲εʱ򣬼Ĳ١
ȴҶԳģϴЦ˵Ҫҵľ
ҶͷֱʵĵӺãţкôġ
ȻҶ⻨ԺãǶûûδ֪ʲôӶҪԿġ
䲻֪⼪ݵôǼȻҶ͵ģȻҪúš
οļͻȻˣϱֻѼݶء
ҶĶҶߣˣҲҺ֮ǰ˶㣬Ȼ׵ĺôùȥˡ
Ҷգգ۾뵽֮ǰԼһӻ꣬ҶϴεĻһûء
ǶЦ۾յҶߵβ㻨ˣ㡣˵ţӻó˸
Ҷӹ󣺡飿
Цԣ飬ϿǺѼģҵһ㡣
ѻĸ֮͵㻨ݲ⣬Ļ͵ȤĶҲټ
ҶҲ˵Ҷҵ飬ֻǼ˲Ǹ˵ҶʱǱϽӵģһ̧ױûУøҶĶȻûǱͷıܻͼֻҲû
ҶദǢƽʱžͣԼǸʵġ
ֶҶԵʣС˲βɵʵʲôģ
һЦȻԼ֪ˡ


31 
ЩӸæµ
ӽµʱ, ȻѾ, ǸӰ˵鲻١
ǻƷż١ǮǮ֮С¶ι°, ι»Ǻбµ, ֻǳЩϸ֦ĩ, Щι²Լ⡣
ÿ춨ʱĹ, ˵¾˵ѡַ컹Ҫ׼ŸŵĴӡ
Щغھδǰ;, ι²˽⣬ֻܽ
³̵ģȻ࣬ü֣һȻȴæ, Ҳס
Ȱѽæˣι˿ЦŶүǺñ£û, ֻЩڵȥ
ϰι¶Ĵ, ֻǺҶͬ, Լҽÿζʵģֻι߷ּ, ָпĻǷл治÷ֱ档
Ҳ, ϾԼǶ, ιµȻҪ˳Լ˵
ϵı, ȰѡַҲЪһˣĶ׼𣿡
ι¼æˣү󷽣Ǽ¶ɵ׼ĺܺá
֮ԼɣʮǮá
ʮջǳˣһû
ʵǣԼʮӦģϾ׬ӣǴţԼЩҲӦá
ǴȴʵһЩϾׯӵĽԼһ룬ʮȷʵЩࡣ
ȴûеͷ˵׼׼ֺ
˽ϸѺǮõʮᣬʣµĻŵǵׯϡ
⻰ûжҶ˵֪ԼӸȥ
Ҫ⻰ȥ巽ϣЧòò֪뷽ڲĿˡ
ֻЩԼҵ飬óι˵ģֻ˵ҵ⣬ͷճɲĽҲֵһúꡣ
ιԣĵĹ֣ҿʡ
ʱſڶү˵һƹģ˶Ͱǰء
ι΢΢һ㶣˼ɫĵι£ӦǮׯңȥɣ¡
ǣүιţûþͻˣӡ
ι¿ڣ͵Ϊϴοҵµ𣿡
ιЦүǣ˵ƹΪ¶ŭѣѾʹȥ˲̼ңҳ̼ҹϲּٽͷѰµĹҵʧ죬񡣡
ûȥӣǵ˵񣬻˵ǹǵͬˡ
ιЩɻ󣺡Ǻ⣿
ƳιһۣúװͿװ취Ը˿ԣԸңıһ֪ġ
ȻιµѸʧˡ
ͷβι¶֪ģЩҲܲµó
µǲ̼ң߶֪ǴûеƹΪĲǲӰˡ
аճ״ѹסԷ֮ǰ滹ǶҪͺеĲǾѵúͿ
ܰѻˣ˶ֻҲԲ̼гֻһֱ֣˯ͷ̼ҵҾһԸ̼ңŹʾá
˵һˮ
˵õľ̲ǲңǲ̼ҵˣ޺
̵볯ò֮ͬϽƺ⣬߶ۼҲѶԷϾɱΪͷŸʵۣǶԷˣԼȻҲʽ΢˭ﶼƽҪġ
̳ǲͬܰһж壬¢һ⣬ٺò顣
ҪˮֺγҵǮȨԼأ
ιȥ˵ʱͷβģôѡ񣬱Ͼǣι¾ȵǣԼôòǺ֮˾ϡ
ιԽԼҶү˸ղװɵ㶸ʵҶıݡ
ϲһףιҲͲǰװˣֻЦүҪҪһظ񣿡
ӣʱ˵һҪиͷźá
ιµ˵ͷҼˡ
ι¿ӣͷҲҪõĶɨһۣ˲ƥбķıһƯĺľϻӡ
Ӱľϻóŵǰ۶ͭ۴ϻӣƼǰֻƯΡ
ֵ˶ϲ֣ͨȻΪľǲ˺ͨ󼪴
⼸֧ؾΪϡϺҶ׼µġ
ЩŮҵĶûоֻǿ˿͵ȥԺ˰ɡ
ӦһҪϵϻߡ
ɾʱƼһֻΡ
ԵΣǲ˽˿˵䣬ֻһֻͨѩףʽȻ򵥣ǿžǼõʯ
ȵȡͻȻͣӣ֣ϻֻ˳
ιʹҲ࣬״̵үֻžÿʺ϶̡
ӸŵͷȻӺòõģӾֻҪ˵̺ûүͻˡ
ȻüЩӵӵͷһԼȥ˵
֪˶ү
뿪ιҲʱ뿪ȥܶʱ⡣
ԭţưȵϣһֱ˶뿪Ѹٵվ¯ŻԼԺӡ
ѰʱҶԷÿÿʱԵģ緹֮ļӲ͡
ˣ˸᷿˵ģҲͳ᷿ȥ
յſڣû洫˶ϵٲԾˡ
ҶһȻģ๫Ϳҵһԡ
һȣȴû˼˽ŲװӣоûŽš
ϺɫĴк͸ǣߵʱ򻹸ҶһúǱ顣
ҶȴûȷĽյС˲ζ֮ǲ˽⡣
ְǱ̵ϣҶͻϲϲĶ
¹ҺãȥҶߣЦұͲȻϲԣԼԱˡ
ҶһĶ˵УҪһԡ
Щ棺ΪΣ
Ҷ˸ӵݸϻѾˣ๫ûǮкöȻҪš
ԣ׵Ľ̵ˣȥҪ̶һ⣬ʣµĿСϻӶװ¡
û˵ڣǽӹҶӡ
һ׷ŽҶһɵʵôԣ
Ҷ峺ɾһӡ
ͷ˿ԼӣŤͷҪһ
˭֪ҶȻָָԼ죺ιҰɡ
ֱ˶⣬Ҷȴ̹Ȼ
Ҳ
ͷһ˾ιԼһˮԷ֮º޸С˲ӦľͰ⵱ˡá֮һʱȻιˮιҲһģС˲θ⵭
Ҳ飬һң͵Ҷߡ
ֻԭǿҶԵģɿſţͱ񣬲ٿȻճԴ߰Լ
ôһһף˷һңʲôиͬ
ҳ꣬ҶЦ¿ҩҲΪܶʱȥҩĻԱתתҲкô
ǿ˽յ֣һĨЦ
ΪһУΪҶģǸҶ׬ҵ
Լʱʱ˵׼ʲôʱûˣɾû취һҲҪһٻ
Ľ͸һԣϲ֡
Ժתŵʱһֱûҵͳӵʱ䡣
ûж˵ḯ֮ҪӪЩõղźƫƫǵĻⲻǡʯͷˡǡЩСĸͺëСˡӴڻʵûͳ֡
ʱӹϵĻ̣Ҫȥ̿Ҫͬȥ


32 
ʲô˼, С˲β̫
һֱϵ, ֱӵͷãһȥġ
Ҳǣ˸뿪ˡ
Ҷʣ๫, ʲô
Ҷָ, ÿ굽˹ǰʱﶼȥԸʱ򻹻ĺнͥ˵˳ʱҪЩǮ, Щ㲻õ, ôġ
Ҷ, Եû, һʡ
С
ʶҶͷģԭһֱɽ, ͷһ֪֪ʶСģʶҲС˵ġ
С˵ûͷһҪ, ϲֻҪǳ˾, ܺõĻǶҪʰ
ʱС˳εĴ, һԲϴ, С˲òȬ
ҶһҪȥ, ̵ɴ۾ʶĿڣҲȥ
Ҷͷһαֵ˿ܣһ
Ҳ˲ɣ־ͰҶ˻ͷȥͲȥˣµġ
Ҷץ£˶˵Ļ
΢ָʱҶͻȻʶԼڲ˲ξˡ
ˣȫȫˣᷨûˡ
֮ǰС㶪ΪҶڲܲٳ°ɡ
ҶĻ˲䣬ϲȥ𣿡
Ȼ£ӣŵøǰﲻţֻǺҵԽԽãͿʼһֱҲ˽ʮ꣬ÿ궼ȥ
Ҷָ⶯˶ġ𣿡
ЦЦͷԼĶͷȥŮ˵ķ鶼˵׼ģУޣĳˡ
Ҷ벻ͨ͸Ǹʲô飬Ļ˼˶
ǳɾ˲ΣȻʹ飬С˲δʶ𣬵ˣǧʱⲢûм
ûɷ棬С˲β֪һأ
ԼˣҲûҪЩУȥһӦҲµġ
ȻˣҪú˲Ŷԡ
ҶﰲοԼĶȥ
֪Ҷ̶̵ʱЩʲôԼӵҡڲҲûԵòͣǣİɣʱСػģǾôͬһҲˣɩδζǰؼңﲻġ
ҶԹԵͷ
뵽Ǯ飬ϻһǮû𣿡
ҶĻش𣺡Լô߰Ǯ׼״Сغӵġ
ȴţϵǮСϻӻװġ˵Цְ££
һ˴ڻһϸģҶɵ󣺡ⶫżĺܣ๫ܴţԼô졣
ԱԼǴģֻǸոյĻȷʵʺͳȥãͰȡġ
ҶЩҲûĥΣϻЩλҲʶˣһ۾ͿǸΡ
ֻҶ˵ţʵǲֻ΢΢ͷǰִ˴գҴϡ
û˴ΣȴҲԸܾҶֻСİķ䣬ԼӵƤ⡣
ȥˣҶ°ͷЦʵÿ𣿡ɲشҶֱӸ˴𰸣ҴȻǺÿġ
Ц϶ĵͷȻƯȻʲôÿ
ҶÿģϲˣҲϲ˿Լ
ϲϲҩĻĻԱ໥ţԶԶŶĺܡ
ȵ˵ڶһ磬Ժ
۳Ҫ꣬Ҹ˹ʱһæµģҪɨӺ׼Ҫõľϯرֵ軧ģÿι궼Ҫ׼٣ֵľ
ʱСغӾԺæʹŬҲǱƽҪЩ
Ҷȴۣת˸
ϴηºӵҲ֮ᷢҶϲ˯
ȣ庮˴һǸʡ
С˲δ˸Ƿ۾գ棺๫ˣ
ѹѹǣîʱ̡
硣
ѰûµʱҶô˯ܿ뵽ʲô۾
ٶ˯˯ɡ
ҶȴǺһӱ۾˸ŤӣһȥֹһߵӦҪȥŵģȥ˲á
ֻҶû·͸оڿԼרע
֮ǰӲʱʧ߻˯ǳ˯ҲۣҪ˯Ͳ𣬵˵ʱҶѾ
˯ðȺ󣬾ͱҶѵ磬ҶʱѾȥ˶ˡ
ϸͬͷһҶı硣
Ҷûע⵽ǣµĴɢ¶ĨϾµĻƣȾɫ
Ҷоߣ̫ڿʲô
ͷԼҶͻȻס죬΢΢

һµĿҶƺһʱûӦ׷ʲô
Ҷ΢΢ƫͷЦݴȻ峺๫ⲻҲͦ׵ôʲôҶҲ˹˱ͷůůŵʱͲˡ˵꣬ҶĹ˰£˴
һֱҶѴ£ûع
ԼղšǱӿ佱ˣ
ô˿Ĳء
̵ѵ׼ѵʱͻȻֱˡ
Ѿ̿¯ůʱܸоů⡣
Ҷ峺ûҪ·Լ
С˲Ǻŵı۰ִǵðһü˵꣬ϴ£Цӯӯ˵˾䣬๫Ӳ֮ǰôáȥϴˣڴ˼
ЩһֱڰҶüҲһüĺñ£ԶɽüĸƯ
ҶϵʱŶüԽԽÿˡ
Ҷֱ̰ӵ๫ġ
˻һЦˣһԵķҲЦ
ȥѾ֮ǰʮӰ˳ԲԲЦ۾΢΢𣺡úøܵԽԽãɪٺò顣
ҶգգۣʵĻش𣺡๫Ǻܺõġ
һ仰ϺͷһЦ
ЦҶЩϤ֮ǰ;ԼôЦš
ҪȥʢȴһŵùǸζϾû׼ʯͷ
ģֻĳϣһֱɽһԺҳҪ߽һʱܵ
ǲûţǻ
ţС·Ǽõģȵһ·϶Ǵ·һЩҲţ졣
ҶʲôֻҪгкȾͿġ
Ҳ󷽣һţԵȻֻҶȻ۲Լ첲ཱུ⣬û֡
һ·ߵƽ˳ֻ·ԶԺʱͷ
ҶԭѾ̫Լ᲻ᱻ׽ߣǵﶼĵͷǻ﷢
ͷָ߬һҶϺͷǰȥ
ȵҪżʱҶ˿һֱš
̧ȣ¡
һ̧¡
С˲ΰȫȫĿż󣬷ԼûκϾЦ
á
ʱи縻긾˿첽ǰδЦϵĿɱЩæ
Ҷȵķ֣һֱ͵ͻȻӣȻЦŵģֻЦƽʱͬЩ
ﲻͬҶҲ˵ֻǾĪʻ
ϵȻ࣬ϱҲǲ˵ţϾŤͷ˿ϺҶ
ҶʶĿϣЦе˵˾䡰ϱ¡ҶҲҪ˵ʲô
ǸոҶڽż̫һأŵһˡ
ʾҶߣüͺǸ˱߱˵
ҶקקСأʵǺˣ
Сֻǵ軧ĺӣԶҵֻ֪һЩϸ֦ĩڣľͲˡ
Ƿϣƺ㿪ϺǸˣߵЩҶĻӵסͣͬѹţƺʱʶģϲʱȣˣҲòͣһıˡ
Ҷϸ룬ͻȻͷЦʵ֪Ҷϱںδأ˵Ǹũҵĺӣô᲻ô


33 
ǰ, һֱĪĵС
֮ǰǶû޵ʱ, żҾ䲻˼ңҲǼ︻ԣ, 㳣һ
ڵʱԵø, ģƷԶȦõġ
ˣѡ˸ͨ⣬Ҫ˶ţҪѡ𸻺
ǵʱ˽Ц۽ͣʲôã
ǸЩصС, ˵û׹, ͬҲû˰İ˵ǰ̵ĻҪܿƾٵĶ, ׬Ǯֶ̼Һá
ʱҲЦ, ˭֪ûЦˡ
Щ˵ģǷҲ, ǷٲҪ๫ȢС
ڼģʹһֱûо٣һ粻ֲֻ»ҪԼӷ׬Ǯţƶġһ˾ȴ鷳, ۳Ҫٵˣǻٵ, ా, мùѾƵԭ䷢ޣ
ӹ, ͷϵӺù
ûＵ, ܾʲôôռˡ
Լҧ๫ʱĵҷˣԺȲûз¶
ԼһһӣǱԼӣʵֺྴ˵ˣԺȥ
Ϻ̹ˣΪ϶Ӳá
Ӳǳģӳʼû̾ȻҩʹԵĺۣưܵӳž֪ûû
϶ԣҸΨһѹȻƫ۹˭ΪΪҽҩΪĸһС
ƫƫĿʹͳץסӡ
ʵҲͬģֻͬվȲĶʼɣСԽޣԽʼϣҲĲʹϵġ
ÿ׵ϲĻڣֻҪƼϲˣܵõЩٵĻϲ
ֻѰϴŲŲģҲͣϵĵطֻ
ϴǰˣŵľǽ졣
ҶҲΪ˵ҶסױûУǸϲϲ̨档
ЩȻû˵˽ûô
ֻǺ˵ҸҶ¶һݣҲԸţֻԸЩҵù¶̹֣ȻĽš
ϸոֻҴϱûƼԶٳûҶȻϲĶϱʶ
ǸãԽԽϲ̨棬ȻҪһʵġ
֪ϸʣϺ޲ء
һתͷ϶Ҷ
ҶǰһЦң
ϵͷȴ˵ʲô¶ֻбϣƵĵǽչŲõģʲô
ʲôô
Ҫô˵ϵЦȴסˡ
Ҫһϣ˵ͶҽֻóϲַˣȢıȻҲǸģϱҶֻǰôһվϾ;Ѫӿ
Ķ˼ҵĺӣ˵ǹǧҲŵĺô
ڿҶ˲ûͣɵ۾ˡ
Ҷиòü㣬Ϳ֬ǽԶɽüȥϡ
ϴŵı֮ǰõ£ɫĶӣϺɫ磬Ρ
ֻһվģ˭˶Ҫ˵ģ
ƫƫҶԴϸ⹧ֹɣ˵Ҳ˳Ĵģž;̹
ԱһԼǸĵϱʱҧĺۡ
ϲģƺеϣ֪ҶӺЩûУ۳ˣҪ࿴ЩĪҪǰƵĶжҩ
ûڣֻһҶ
С˲ΪԼԼΪشأҲԣƽʱ๫ϦദԼ˵ҲԼŶԡ
ǣҶЦӯӯĶϵͷ˹ģ๫Ӻ˺ܶ࣬Լôӿŵʱ๫ܹȥˡ
仰һ˵꣬Ͼ͹ǣҲɵ졣
ʵҶ˵ʵڻϱʲô˵ʲôӲЩġ
ҲȷʵӺתҲ˱£ܿӣ׬ӣЩµĵš
ɾʵˡ
ܰô˼һ仰˵ϾԼҶϱҲбµġ
Ȼϵɫ̾ѿ
ϲò¾֪ʲô
ͣӶˣʱòѾȡЩŻҲûʲôչʾģȽϵĲǹ̶ļ
Ƿ˳ǷТ˳ϱǷġ
ϾҪϣҼûңӺõúܣϱãԺٵǰNɪЩеûġ
ЩϲԼ˵̴ԽݣʹѰ帾Ҳ׵ĵܣοĸ˸ǲֶ˵顣
ֻҪҶվһվ˵һ˵ܰϵף
ȻѾֹˮ꣬ҲӲ˼ƽϣ񿴵ܸԼµѾѿܵγīɫﻹ̹˺ܶ࣬ҲЦݡ
˰վϲͳģȻˬ첻
һϴȥˣԭҪϵЦӣԼӣ
ææ˸ھ뿪ˣҲƵתתϵ鴮˾ϲϹģ˶ûòĺܣɲѧߣǽȥɡ
֪ϣȴƣֻЦŸϣҶ˿Լղʲôϡ飬С˲βʲô˵ʲôֻܸһ˴۱
ϸǮ٣ˣиСɳֳţŰڰţǵݵǩͲҲӵĸҶʲô
ŵʱҪţţŮҽţĹأ˵Ҷʲô֪ġ
Ҷһһհ졣
ҶϲֻͬΪϣҲС˲μһԼ˵ĳɹʲôҪԸġ
С˲ζԣȻǱɻңˡ
гкȣ๫ţԱ֮ǰ紵ɹҪӣֱǴﵽ۷塣
ܿ죬Ҷ뵽һԸ顣
ǰС˲ȹعϣ˸ƣѧϵӣ˫ֺʮǰ
Ҷ۾ĬԼԸ
ԼӺܺãвֻҪ๫ǣûҪˣҲûʲôԸͷʵֵġ
ֻǣҪ๫ֻ๫ܹԺ޲֣ʹꡭҪܻһʮźá
˵ܶûĸ仨һƺ˵棬ƣôãȻҪúûĶԲԣ
ʱСɳʱ䣬ŮʮüԸɡ
ϸЩǮǮӣϸһǮҶҲ͸ŸһǮ
ȵ㣬˲ûիܿͳ
۳žҪ꣬һ̯ҪæʯͷҶҲҲͲൢ飬ܿͳ˳ȥˡ
һ
ҶȻ֪ԼСԸܲ÷ǺúõĴţ׼ȥŵĽ
ϴǸװͷĽӦûϹأҶ׼ȥͰѻȥ
·ӵʱ·ȥ֮ǰ϶ѵӡ
ɲɣӾ֮ǰҶµǼҡ
ֻ֮ǰµƹӣֲ̫ţƹϴҶʱûϳ
Լһ˵ƹľ֪ǴţûǲҪǮ⵹
˵ҶƹʹĿޣ˸öϱϴεרŸү£һƾ֪Ǻϱи
ԭͶڸոҶʶ϶⣬⻰ԽˣҶҲԽԽơ
ȳʱϻҶͷԣˣҲ̫ԼûͻĪҪʡӡ
ҶԹԵӦû˵ʲôҪʡҪĻǵҶģ๫Ҳ˵Һúõģ٣׬
һ仰ֱ֣Ҷ֣ԼȢ˸и̹ʵĹؼҡ
˲û̫ൢ飬Ѻһܿʧ˽ֹսǡ
иȴվڲԶ߿һֱ뿪ûжط
ĸӺܸߣϰ֮ˣŨüۣǷ˶ﶨȻһ۾Ƽġ
ֻһֱվڰϱ˸ûע⡣
ҶϽʲôأӴվߣҲſ
ֻѾԶڿҲʲôˡ
ߴȴûشֻüͷţոѻ鸾˴ĹôôԼСã
СáӦûֹ


34 
ҶƽѾûй̫ƽˡ
ԭҶ, ũҵĺӴǰżУ, ͳ֡
ڵǲξ֮е, սɱйټȭŹ򲻴вŴ͵֡
˼սʤ, ƽǼ
߹شݣʤҶƽҲüԼҪʲôʬǰͷ
۹ʱ˸ƷְϽ
ֻݸŵϽͷ˽ȴڵʥϵӶ, ˸Ͻͷˡ
ܵ, ҲǸ
ܵҶƽǺܻϲģҶԭסַԶ, Ҷƽûй, Ҽȥ, ֪⾰, ȥ
ıҶɺҶ
Ҷͻ˵طס, ҶΪҪԼҲܱ¶, û취洦, һʱȻѰš
˭֪ԶԶĸ˺ԼСм
Ҷƽֲɵõ, ̫ˡ
һֱʵϽ, ʲô񣿡
Ҷƽ̧ͷѾûӰĽֽǵղˣҼӡ
ٲֹһδҶƽֵĿĵܵã֮ǰһڱ߹ش̵ģҶƽ˸ɱвգۣžͺʯĳƵģɾһᵽԼҵܵþº͡
ֻҶƽǿ˼ҳģôһأ
ʱҶƽԼҡҡͷϴˣ겻Ůʮ˱䣬ҲСʱģˣ˵δ޲ǡ
˵Ҷƽԥˡ
ټ⸽ӵӵʣɵõƽʱţƼһľ;á
ҶƽֳĬĵͷ
ҶϽҪʱүߣѲȥ̽̽סַˣϴ˵һסַعܸмصġ
ҶƽȴҡҡͷɣүδγŲδˣȥ飬¶м
һݡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪԶ뾩ʦܣʥǶ˳֮꣬ûԹŶ֮ǸңγѾǱ˵ģһȻҪСĽ
һ֪˽ԳֻһѪȷ硣
ҺԼϽѣȻǵ˶飬Դ
תת۾ֵǱȥ˽һ£⸽˭ҶɩõıˣҲ̫Ѳ顣
Ҷƽһ룬ͷĪҪ¶мһСģ鲻ҲҪһүΪȡ
ЦŻӦҶϽġʱⶥ˶Ҷƽ֣үӾ¥ˡ
ҶƽһԶԶظ󣬺ܿʧȺС
Ҷƽ߶ҶѾ˼ңȥ鷿
СҲҶȥ鷿ȴԼҶ̲ȥСվ˴һ
СЩ֣ɵøȥʵ̣ôȥ
ҶȻ˸СЩƣ๫֮ǰ˵һ춼ϵҪӦںι˵أҹ֪û¾ͰˣҪǽȥҪġ
СЩ⣺ôˣ
Ҷһĵ๫ƼҪͬ˵Ҫҽеģһȥʱ̫ࡣ
С룬ȷʵˣЩͬ˵öԣġ
С˲ʮϵĵϾ๫ôϲңҲ᲻̫
ֻ˲֪ȻӹţǵĻһ㲻Ķ˸ס
ڴԱߣιµĽǶȣĿӳӰӣ˵ĻҲȵؽǵĶ䡣
ιŬЦԼԵõ㣬Ҷ̹Ȼʾʱιµûסֻȥ졣
Ҳû뵽ԼһˣȻôһ졣
λþ봰ŬİһĸԼҪЦЦԼҽ֪Լˡ
ԽԽ
ֻι²һιЩֵ˼ȴ־ȶûУ
ԼϲǰϲڵʱҲô̹ϣÿֶ˵ȥ
Ҷ˵ûȷʵϲϲĿ
Լӣϲϲ˭
㻹ҶĿģһһĵͳƽȣι£½飬ѾȦ˼ضΣȥɡ
ιº˵¶ոѾ۹ˣǺɫӦһȴûط
ȻҶС뿪ˡ
ƫƫӳӰСĶܿ
뿪˿ͼι˹֣ϲүɪɾ¡
⻰ɬûУʮ̹Ȼĵͷлι£Һͽ֮ˡ
ιЦ˵ʵ⣺լ°Դ
ǼҲĻ
̳Ǯ˲٣ܳõģǼլġ
үб²٣ֻιóҶ֮䰮أƷеĶҲ˷ġ
ЦЦι£̸̵顣
ҶǺܿͻصϵԺӣ׼ѽ©鲹ϡ
ϵԺ֮ǰֻߣǻһѧѧ֬֬
ֻǽ죬Ҷһ׮顣
к£ϵķ飬һôܼˡ
ҶԣЩɻ󣺡ܼҪôѧ
һЩլֶΣڿòţԺϵһ졣
⵹ϵģϿҶž
Ѱܼҵ鶼ǹڹʱѧģѰռȲϸŴ󻧵ĹأС˼ͬŲҪȫ
ңϳҪӣҪźլ顣
ûƸùܼңܼվģҺõĹܼҲѰ鶼Լˡ
⣬ŮڣҪĵһ㶼١
ǳ˶ٲ⣬ǹʱҪö
Ӱ˵ģҪϹ۲С
ϼ޽֮ǰѧЩҶҲ֪Ҷû̹
Ҷ棬ټŶɵԽԽδдϢҲһֱںլٲҪţЩҪѧǡ
ܼһҪѧҪЩͷϱѧѧ˽۶㻹ǶԶԺкôģ㻹Կ࣬ؿԺ˵
ҶҲܾӦˣҲ³Կࡣ
С˲һֱǸԸΪѧ˶Ŭģ˵ΪԺܰж
๫ãȻҲҪ๫ãﶼ˵ãǾһõġ
ϼǣοҶ̬ȣԵͷ
˵ʱ߹ϵү˼٣Ѿſˡ
ϵͷЩɫ΢΢üʲôʱҲѧ˵Ҵˣ
̵ͷүǻˣֻţ˸첲
ʲô


35 
͵վ, ǰһڣҶֻҪڵϡ
һĿ, 
ԭӿ̩, ЩȷʵæЩȥһһصڣͻȻСӿ, ЩΡ
Ҷֱһץסϵ֡
ѰӲˣϹ˲࣬طϣ۾ӣ裬𣿡
ոտŷĸ첲, , ɲô
Ӹովŵϲųɣıס, æǰ˳, ˵
ٴ̼, ֻܸؿڵݲˮ, ߶ţҿ, ҿˡ
ɲ˵꣬ϾѾ۾, Ҳ˳
Ҷ˳ɿϵ, ȥϵ衣
ץסӵ֣, ȥ
Ҷϵ, Щģ㲻ЪЪ𣿡
ȥƣҵɡѾû˷磬Ҫߡ
ҶæȥϣŸһš
ϵԺӵſڵľ벻Զûþ͵ˣţڳԼϹŵĲƼϵʱֱסˡ
һ۾Ƽĸ첲һ
ȥȥУϵθߣһСȥȥˡ
ҶæǰС˲δսϣܣ۾ǿ
ҶڣѾ˸ϽѴŹˣСŵǰÿ°ڣֱͦͦľ͹˵ϣ
ǰԺõʯأȥʱиƵžۡ
ȴ治ɫֱӰԼĸ첲ӵŵĲ˳ϵûˣõúܡ˵ţֱߣӣϿϸϸС첲
ȼŵ£ʡϣüɣȻ£Ÿ첲ʲô
ԥһ£û˵Եɣֻǿڵӱ㵽ſھժˣõﵣģû뵽
ӿϣˣûͻ˵ʵڸ÷
ûϵѰɻҶȥڵţδ֮Сһ˵һ߿
̵ǶӵĴȥš˵꣬ʹӵҪߡ
ȴסԼҶӣղŲΪˣû¾á
ȥšʱһͻȻ
ŤͷͿźµ
ԭںι˵ӵ飬˵ɫ԰׵ȥǰԺųԶԶؾƼһ
Сӣȴ׼ô׵ķŹ
ǰɫ䵭Ķӵȥüһȥɡ
˵Сŵһԣ˶Ĺȥ
ϸոպȻסˣڼ£Ҳ̹ܶ࣬ɣջαȥ
ǶϻԵΣģŵ˾ǲԣһҲ㳤ԡ
Ҳ֪˵ֻ۵Ŀ˿ĸҸʵ磬ɱ𶳵ˡ
ͷӦǣӷŻȥ
Ҷһֱû˵ˣҶСô䣬ɻСأһҪˣ
Ҷԣôϴ˵ֳˣ
ҪᣬҶͰ¶ˡ
Ҳ̫⣺ֻ˵ʵˣ˵ڵֿɺÿˡ
ĬĬĿһԼҽˡ
Բֺͺÿʵǲߡ
Ҳûһ㣬ڵʱĬĬıһŵͨ紦ȼһյʱȼ
Ҷûﶢſǵ๫ȥٿ
֣ȥɡ
๫ҲĪҪ˷磬ϸЩ
ãˡ
Ҷ뿪ߵǰͷʵ˵ʵ
˭£Ψһµľ
ֻҪԼ˵ʲôȻ㷴ûУڸʵ磬Ժķѡȥؿ
ü⣬⡣
ĿƾƶȺǰЩͬѧӽѧҪȡؿʸҪʸ񣬻Ҫǿ̣ʶ˸µ·Ժѧӽоټ
õӦģԺѧõģţϸõؿʸ
ȴû˵ֻǿ
ŵڻǰ죬ȴ˴Ӻһ£ЩɽϹȥ
˻һüͷ
Ȼ˵ף֪ⲻ⣬˹Ϊ֮ΪľϵǸ
ֻ²Ŷʶֵѧӻɥ飬ȴԼܣʶƶ˲ɱ˲Ѫ顣
ɵ֣ķ˵Ķˣ
ЦЦԹԵûУǵǸ£и书׳ʿһ¹Ӿ׳ʿˤȥһѣûĿ
˿ҲͻЩղƤӵ˲١˶жлˣ
ӣҪһ֣˵ҶǸ¹ֻ˵ҺӡŶˣĲɼãҺ˺üӣдһֺ֡
˵⡣Խ˵Խ΢΢ü
Ŷʵŵٻȥ뿴˭ҵʱͷѾûӰˣţûץסУǱٶһܲҲӡ磬ɱ¸ҪŻġ
ӿڵҪװˤ˸첲ñ֪Ҳû취ȥȻſ˭ģ
ش̹ȻԾټԭֻҺͷ֪ƵҲûˣֻǸ߷ӣ˭ȥⶶ˵飬˭ȥǸ
ԣҲпԵȥͷ˵ֻթˡ
Щɬϴżᶨ˭ȥͷ˵¶ǲҺõģҵҪ˭ҵùʱˡ
Դ˲ÿɷֻʵ֪˭Ժأ
۾Ȼһ޶Ҳù
ԸֱҴ⻰ֻҪúýĪҪǡ
ȴķƽĵߴߴ磬¾ҪҲСˣԼǣҪ³¶Լִ磬ֻҪɷǰ㡣
Цͷ
ʱҲˣϣתԼԺӡ
һյӽнʵԼȥģ
ţҸү磬Ժͺ͹ڵƵģȼúܿ죬үԼ߻ȥģŲ¡˵ŻָָԼϥǣʾ¡
ͷʱ⴫е
֮ȥϵԺӣϰйΪ£ҲаһˣϾԼҶ
ϰֱ̣۷ϡ
΢΢۾ָϸɫЦŵүӺöˣҩҪʱȣֻ֮ǰѯ黹Ҫһ
Щ֣ʲô
ҷֻˣ˵Ҳʮ̹ϣ£˵ţϴЩº͵Ц뱧ӿ⣬йط£үǱ֮һͼ֮źá
û뵽˵ֱףӳȣʱҲЩȡ
Թ⣬ǻ߾ͱ˻ȥתʵʱܺã
һ£һүʱ򿴰ɡ
ͷһ뿪ŵʱȴԼĶ䷢̡
ɾʱֱƿˡ
Ҷһ۾ͿĶ䣬סһ
ʣæȵô
ҶϴЦˣջء
Ҳſģͷ̧ҶǸõĺ춹
ҶȻ˸ղԼʵĻĵȥϴ֣档
ţȻҶûʲôһ춹˵ġ
ƼЦҶգգ۾๫Цʲôأ˵ŻȥգΪԼѳԵĲ䵽ˡ
ס󣬶סҶ֣û¶ֻſˣͦõġ
ҶҲЦأҸ˵Ҫúòٰ죬Ǳھ˺ܶ࡭С˲֮ǰµ̿ŵʱ򣬳˱ڻʨɵʵʨ𣿡
ȵʮģʱҴȥ
Ҷͷʮ壿
ţԪڡ
Ҷ̵ͷţ˿ãڻܳԪ
ţڣôڴһˡ


36 
ԽʱԽæµ, ҶȻĿʼʰɨԺ䣬ֻ׼׬ЩǮĻƣ˶ܹҹ꣬ׯҲ軧Ƿ˼, ˹õ
ׯյЩ, ѱĻصаż׼ͬصеȻСóȥæµ
⼸첻ÿѵõķſӣǴϵԺӾȥĻ԰ֽʣĥдʲôʫþ䡣
쿴, 쿴, ĥдʲô
ʹԵɣĻشʮʵ
Һ֮ǰʶԼ¹ŵ, ´ʱҪĥµʫʡһζԶҾ, Ҳˡ
ɵΣԼ굽ˣòʶѣдʫġ
ֻǶ˭, , ֻοԼҲˡ
ؼҵҲû©, ˺ü, СغӵļҲ˲١
һֱҶ, ӶһǮȻǻϲúܡ
СأŸӷ˼·ָҶ˸ӣĴ󹫼СڶһɫĻѡ
Сյסβͣǰסûβë飬סͺβ͵Ĵ󹫼Ҳ
ֻ˶ڷɵʱȴûи
µ꿪Ҫдı䶯ҪţⱾǸģЩҲ
ҩ԰ӵĶ£Ӧӣҩ԰ҲһЩ
ȻûιôҲףܴ֮ӦԼΪҩ̵жãֻΪ̡
ԼŮϺҶϵãүͶԼ߿һۡ
ǲôģ¼ᶨΪԼմҶĹ⡣
춭¹ʱһҰɽΣר˵Ǹ̵ģȴûóȻĺйҩ԰ľҪ
үͷѾףΪ˾æţºɫ׼Ƚںһᡣ
´鷿Ƽ԰ֽҶ
Ҷֽĵط֮ǰ÷ԺӣѩѾɾ̵ƽƽҶǼɫֽߣԶԶؿȥͬˡ
²ɵп˶˵Ҷ޵Ǹ߼ˣǼҶģ˭˵ⲻǸأ
ѰǳŲ̵ͷģҶܳŵס˼Һϸи
ҶûڿԼקϵߣЦŶϵֽơ
ֽƺֻǰⶫȥûʲôϡģǵֽ߸оʱȴø档
קһקֻɻȥ
һɣܷɵøߡ
ҶоȤ֮ƫͷСصúãͷ̽Ұɡ
СһֱҶ֪ԼҶرϲѧһЩѧǷ档
֮ǰѧд֣ǺѧܼңҶó㹻Ŭ
ֻҪ˵ҪѧһҪѧõġ
СҲ֮ǰǸ֪޾СѾͷǰ¶ʱСرȻһڴӦȴ̵ͷ
Ҷ߾ˣ˽ҲôСر֪˵ʲôʲô
ҶĻС̵ֽ̣֣ѧѰҲΣҪҪĻңҺӸȻģϲֽϵĻͼԼˡ
Ҷ룬ͷˮ峺۾ſеֽ𰣬Цŵһȥͷд֡
СؾҶдֺͻҲ࣬ĴӦŻȥҪӸ磬ܲԲԲֽ𰡣
źͶ̵ġ
ʱ򣬶԰⹰ֵֽŵļð
ҶԣŤͷȥһ۾ϳ֮ǰҩ԰йһ֮ԵĶ¡
ʯѿݱǴȥҩ԰﷢ֵģҶԶӡҲϵСأԼţ˹ȥ
ЩӣҶѾѧ˲ٶ˹ܼҵֶ⣬صľǸδ˽
ҶϻۣѧÿǵҲ˶£ǲԾľ¶º͵Цͣ˾붭Լô岽Զĵط¿๫ģ
¶ЦݣصҸմӶүƼŮҵĻŹ׼

ҶЩ첢ûмϣҵ¶һ£ҶûʱȥҩҲûʱ
ҩĻûйš
ҶϴЦɺã
æأŮǸӣвסЩҩææģһ涼ѡϴμͺ̣ӻ˵Ǽ黨üãǰֿ
һ仰ǽŮЩûɣ˵Ҷļǹҡ
Щģܸõر֪Ҫڲˡ
ȻµĿڲŲ
Ҷ⼪黨ܻϾ⻨ǸˮֲˮԼ̫ܳ࿴ˡ
Ŷ´ĻȻһֱչż黨ģӣ֮ǰСչ¾˶ŮĹãҲ̫Զˡ
ˡ
Ҫˣֺ˵˼伪뿪
С˲ߺȥŷݣȵͷʱ΢罥ֽͣҲɲˣİֽջԺӡ
һţҶƼԷ
˼ЦŶҶ֣÷ɣ˼һЩ
Ҷȥϴ֣ĵԱߡ
ѰһһԷʱıȽԶϴҶϺ÷ŵġ
Ҷȴϲ
Ҷѧ˲ٶһӣͶ˲סˡ
ֱߣݸȻȻĽӹʢ
Ҷ۰Ͱ͵ĿţҲҪĢҪ⡣
̸ʢ˸ȣʢȺŵҶǰ
⼦һ磬ѾĸÿӼһо˺
Ҷǰһպϣðļպһ£Ե㡣
С˲ֺ˿ůĺһ
ֳ˿ڼ⣬Ҷʲôʵ๫㲻С˰ɣ
Ӽһ٣Ҷº͵
ҲǣֻСظոѡҶ˵ֺ˿ڼ
㡣
ЦİɣһָŬŬβϵëȫˡ
ҶҲǣأǲͺʱÿ
ΪҶߵľˣëѾЩ׼С³ëԺٰμ
ҶԼ뷨˻ȥ
ָҶһӹźЩ˲٣ȵ㼦һҲǺõġ
Ҷգգ۾Цеĵͷ
ʵС˲ξãЩûԼ
ǼôúȣôóԣܳԵȻҪԣ
ҲԼʢ˳ŷʱҲ˵˵
ʳ޲õģһԲδ塣
֮ǰӣԼǸӵˣȻлҪ˵˭ܾ
ȵԵò࣬˼飺˸
˵ģǶǿҰɽΡ
ɽƷ༫ãȻҲڵ֮۰Ͱ͵ĸ
ֺ֪Լûоܾ
ڶΪʲôʱ³Ҫչҩ԰ӵ飬򶭹ҪǲȻš
뵽΢΢ʹ
ϴĸ첲ˣææĺȥǲȥҲżֻ˵үˣȴ˵ĸү
йǹӵģƼˣֻ˵ֲˡ
Ѿ¶ϾЩҩˮȣǵ˶죬ʱҪһͨԼϰˣҲǼֲ֡
ƫƫһҲ֪˭ϢͱˣӡҶүֲˡɡҶүҪˡ
Ļ֣ƼƵġ
ȻһֱţҲȻԼ̽ڡ
ĳ壬Ҳȥܣֻû뵽ŵֵµĹǡ
˶˶Ҳǰġ
Щ飬Ӳϲ˵ҶģֻЦŵһҰɽΣƷ༫ãͷҸʱ԰ɡ
Ǻ⣬Ҷ⻰ȴһڼҭɤϲ²ȥģǺÿ˺ü
һæ˿ȥ˳
Ҷ죬ϣЩãȻ
˲θҳԡ
ҳԼ
ҶͻȻЩ£ץסҲ˲ҲúǸ
ԣΪûҪԣҶãٺõ˲ܱȵùǧ˲εľ
๫ˣʲô˲Σ
ְɣҰɽΡһͲǺ˼ҵ˲Σ
Ҷ֪ԼǺܼ֡
ȴҶԵɣԼӲľͲҪˣ̻صãˡ
Ҷȴ̧ͷգգ۾Сʵǲȣ
ЦЦҲǡ
˵꣬Ҷ΢΢ֱַؿڣ׼ҧס졣
ɨ˵ĳݷ죬ԼܳŮﵭĹζ
ֻǻûӦʱҶɿ
С˲ӣӣЦеĶˣȹˣƺΪǿƵģֲһ䣬Ժȱ˲
ſӣҶãҲûͨҶΪʲôԼ
ɺܿȻˣǿҰɽδ
ԲѾҪˣϾԼҽĿɱ˲ζöˡ


37 
˳Ϧ, һȥǰʱ˸Ĳ
̵ʱ淢˿졣
Ҷող÷ΣרѡǸ, ֬, Ťͷȥһ۾ͼϵĺ첼
̵֬ϣҶߵߣ¹ҺãЩʵ๫, ʲô
һ߽⿪ϵĽһߵõӵǮ˵, ̯˲
ͷᵹһһС߰˴ͭǮ
Ҷ΢΢ɴ۾, ȻǲԵƢ, ⻹С˲γһͷһ⿴ôӡ
ҶָָСǶٰ
Ц£һʮǮ
һʮ
ס, ͵ۼ, ӻׯ, Ǯ, Ƕ, µ۶ٶԼҵǮ̵ⲻͶһЩֵϵȻͶˡ
⻰˵ǫ飬ʵӲ֮ǰĶ֧ƽ⣬׬Ǯֻ²ʱ䡣
£תôһݲҵҲιүˡ
ҶְһЩС
ɫǴЦƺڵԼӿ佱
һ룬Ҷ๫ʮĶԼģ۲ۣ첲۲۰˵ţС˲־ֱۣࡣ
ЩЦá
֪Լ˰ֻ¸˻ԼҽͷһĵȴԼǲˣ
뵽Ц
ǽůĶȵġ
ҲԼȷʵ಻һ·϶ӱŵġ
ת˻⣺ЩŹӽʱ򣬻кܶÿĶЩҲ򡣡
˵ţҶڸԼŸ첲֣ͲۣҲ᲻۵Լӡ
Ҷʵӣʲôӣ
Ʊ˵ţóһƱͬҶϡ
ƱһʮģͬǽûжҳǱһֽεģд˲ֻ˺ü£мдʮ
Ҷıġ
ǴûƱĴڵģͨ˼ӹ࣬һܸһӾͲˣòƱ
⻹С˲ͷһ˵ʶҲͷһμƱģһպõġ
޷ЦЩ㶼ҪպãϴεСϻǲˣװɡ
ҶɨһһСѶӣΪȻĵͷ
Цݣ๫
һֱľ仰ˣİҶ£촽Ķͷлл㡣
Ҷͷлʲô
ллҹǮ˶٣ЩǮ׬ŲͺʯͷһҪͷӣһһǡ
ҶЦеصͷ˸ʲôҪһİ๫һŬġ
ҶͿľѣƺЦ
Цʲôأ
С˲ûüʣ˺ǹȥǰԺ
ǳϦϰףҪȫҾһӡ
ҵĳʳ˳첻ͬǰԺ׼˽õڣ˹ȥԶְ
Ĳͬǣӵλ
תãҶ½СʯͷȻףȴҲģ󼸸һ߿һЦĺϲ£졣
Ѱ϶ׯȵǸκһﲻŮأ
ϰʱһҪ̧ͷԼҶӶϱһۣԽԽÿ
Ű϶رʱҪĲʹ⺮İӣԱڵ֣ʵϵ¡
ǿྡϱûմĨĨᣬعʱȻǴЦ˭ûע⵽Ѿ޹ˡ
ӵȤڣһ˴һ˵˵ЦЦһҲ͹ȥˡ
ȵõĽӱȥʱСʯͷ߬һ
˵ǰӣСӶϾ;÷ϾһŸ
СʯͷԹԵվϣཱུţ˺þҲ巳
ҶɵʵʯͷǸʲô
ʯͷҶĻش𣺡ʡ
ҶѾɳ棬Щȣʣ
ţʣд֡ʯͷ˵ŬĸԼűΣרע
һԵˣһĿ佱ʯͷʯͷϲܺãԺСʶ֣Σ
ʯͷһۣҡҡͷҲ
һ㶣Ϊʲô
ʯͷִ棬ģСôСʯͷҪʹѧ֡
ϳɣѧԺʱǺһöһѧȻһ˵С̵Сˣ꣬Ҿʮˣ
˭֪⻰ˣɵõǰʮ壬Ҳ˸ö׵ʱˡ
ҭһ£ŤͷϵҲ롭
ССȵͶ尫ôôࡣʯͷźȴ
ҶȤչȥʯͷдֺòð
˵ɩĲܽ˰
˭֪ʯͷȻһڴӦã
һӾˣΪʲôԣҲԡ
ʯͷֱĻش𣺡ÿ

ҶҲ֪ԼԲȦֻǱóСӵĺá
ʯͷ仰ȴҶϲչȥʯͷһ£ʯͷĴš
Ҷٶʯͷ͸оԼһ
ŤͷͿԼ๫ѾĬĬذԼ˹ȥ
Ҷɵõ๫ôˣ
û˵ֻ΢΢ͷһԲ
Ҷҿ˿ԼרעĴŵСʯͷԼǿ
ӵһ֪֪֮Ȥı۾
Ҷţһ¡
㡣
ҶЩɻʵ๫Ҫ뿪𣿡
΢΢һ㶣ȥĶ
ҶƫƫͷʲôֻзֿǰҪô
һ˲ᵽʲôʯͷԼĽš
ڣʱ˷׷׻ݣҲڵĳˡ
ȵϽʱһΧԲãЦŵʯͷ֪޵Ĺ𣿡
Сʯͷһ࣬¶ģ۶ǽӣŵҲǽӵԼүүĻҲֻãȻҡͷ
̸һ޵񻰴˵˵жʱСʯͷһ¡
ϼ״֣͵͵⣺㶼ˣŻСӡ
ڶǰϣǵǰǰ˳ȻۣȴЦǺǵĵãģҲ˵ˡ
Сʯͷڷϻҿ˿Ҷ
ϲҶҲչȥŴŴҶ㲻𣿡
Ҷգգۣ𣬲¡
Сʯͷ̵Բ۾ȥ۾СƵġ
ཱུСҡţŬԼǳ׵ӣǿǴر£أ
ҶЦˣҶǶЦ
ֻǱСʯͷɰҶΪ뵽֮ǰԼϦദЩ˾ķ޻㡣
Ҫ˵ι״ҶۼСûȫʱ򣬶ŸԴ˵ӣдβ͵ģ
ɵСʯͷԴţЩҲͲˡ
ʱΪǧʱĶˣžж
Ҷֿ˿ӣĳţܳԽĺá
Ҳˡ
ʱ˿ӣҲӣ˲ŸȥǰĽӡ
ģͷ浽ʲôڵģֻҧ˲֪
棬ڰʱȥ˺ܶ໨Ϊڽָͷ
˵˵УֻҶˡ
ûԹͷһΣȻ档
Ҷһյߴ˴촽оһ¶ȣò˱ҧ˰
һ룬ȴ΢΢üЩֵζ
ͷ˾Ҷ³˸ˡ
һԵ񼫺÷ӦҲ죬̸µһӣ
˻һֱҶһȻ
ԭԵӣ
˭
ӵζʵеѳԣҶ˴๫ܲܲԣ
һ⻰ˡ
ܲԣ
һҪԣ
һ̣תһ룬ϲľڳԵģóԵĳȥȻ᲻
˵ܷųԽӵģ˿ʣµİ棬վ᲻ίԼҽ
ָָԼ룺Ұɡ
ҶȴûŵֱӰʣµİ쵽ߣһ£۾ɨһƺϷһ㿴ǵԼˣ䷢ˡ
ҶȴԼʲôϡ¶˳ȥеڶӡ
һҧǹֵֹζ
С˲ζˣֻԸӣཱུĽӣôԵĶֵֹĶ
ο˿ǻĺǡ
ֵµһ
ͷǺõģȴ㲻úóԡ
Ҷû˵ְʣµİιֻԼùóԵĽӶԲ
ⲻ֪Ҷдġ
ϺһۣԷеЦ⣬Ѻͷֻ޵ദȤϾѰ䵭˵Ҳ٣ЦûС
أ
Ӳʯͷն졣
ֻСʯͷƶĳԽӣָҲܳԳͷϷƵģǸϲ
Ҷʱȴٳûҧȥ
֮ǰӣǺǣⶼһҧһֵֹĿô죿
룬ҶҪ̻ȥȴĲܷŻȥġ
Ҷ̰ջԣǶŷ
ĵذȥҶ̰ѽӷŵž;úЦ
ƺԼҽѰĻϲȲϳԶٺý̹
ţŽһš
š
ҲüҧĶ
öͭǮ
үµһԴ⻰ҲӦ
̣ҪĿɲǲԴô
ȴǿҶŴڤڤ춨ԼһУǴӽ޽һ쿪ʼġ
ȥסҶ
Ҷͷ˽յ֣ЩɻĿ
ȻڶĽӾûвͷˣǲԲͷ͵ȵȡ
ҶЦͷ
½½вͷӱҳһٷͺֵĹȥˡ
ȵҾȻԼԺ꣬Ҫһֱʱſԡ
ҪȥҶȻȥˡ
ÿ궼Ҫ飬ֵܻϰʱҵʱһһһĹʺһ£رǶ˵εʱá
ҶҲʣݣϣСȻ˻ΣͻȻЩġ
ͷһεҹڵʱֻԼ
Ȼ֪ϾͻֻǶݵķֱҶЩ
˵;ÿġ
С˲λͽйµֻţǲǸոշֿʱԼˣ
Ȼ๫һҪϡ
£ֲ˯Ҷվ׼ȥұ鿴
Ϳ֮ǰԼַŵϵ顣
Ƕ͵ģţƺӶ͸Լûд򿪿
ڼˣֻС˲ξͰ¶ɾˡ
֣ϰȡĲ˲
оЩҶ˸ؼоâࡣ
Ҷ£ŷϵļ֡
桷ô
С˲δа׵ָⷭҳԷ˼ҳЩɻͷ
ΪⱾװãֽҲϳɣֺͼΩΩФóǱ顣
ɡΪʲôͷ˲Ѱ


38 
С˲ȷʵǸϲѧϰⲻ, ҲҪѧЩʲô
Ȿ桷ͦȤ, һҳҳķ, 󲿷ֶǻ, Щʵû˼Ľ
ֽл棬Ļû䣬㻭˻Ҳûע⵽ʲô, ϰ, ûҩüֵǻһЩʽ򵥵ˡ
ľ˾ĻҶ۾Ͷһԡ
׼鿴ҶͻȻ֮ǰС˵Ļ
ҪҪãȻ˵ĵġ
ϸһ, ȻҪúô, ʾԼϲΪչϵ뷨, ǱԼء
ڴԼһӵҸô֣, , ƺŪһ㡣
ԼãһֱûͰ, ò, ۾ӵһԡ
С˲ͻȻ˵Ǹ, ԹԵصλϣ̨ԼŲŲʼһĴⱾ飬ϸϸĹۿо
ɫ࣬רעʱƼľԼҽڶҹĿ̿ģ
ҶΪ֣ҲΪܹ࿴ҽҩ䣬ÿ춼һʱϰ֡
ʱʱͻһ𣬽飬Ϳ˲ҶֲͻŴŴҲʧΪһ¡
Ҫȥʲô뵽һ춼ǰԺæµò˿ʱ飬ԼùȥŶԡ
ǣķŵʳУȥһѡ
ҳʱͶҶֱС
һ㶣Цʵôˣǲ￴
ҶҡҡͷĻˣûʲôġ
Ȥһ
ѱӺϣŻصϣҶߵǰ۾ȴŲʳϣͷʲô
ʳжװ˵ģżҶҲٵĺóԵĵװһЩԼ๫
ͷװȴ㣬˺иǣȰһ±ȡóһƺ״ɾƱŵϡ
Ҷûעƺֻ±𣺡ܺóԡ
£±һͺͰǣߦɱ¹ɽƣϰ˻ҹˡ
ҪᣬҶ벻Ҷ;ԼĶӿտյġ
رÿԼԽԽ
Ҷ־Ҫץԣǰ·ȴ߬ס
ЩɻĿˣƼﵹ˾ƣеһŵҶϣȺЩؾƣʱһЩµһߡ
С˲ûģȻ˵кôҲͽ˱ӡ
ƫƫȻûɿ֣۾
ԾУ˶ԴӲü۱˺ܶ࣬ҲԵЩƮƮģ֪ԺҪôȾ𣿡
Ҷʵʵҡͷ
ӵɣһƱ۾ûпҶǿϵıӣڵǣȽưɡ
˵£ùͻȻͲִ١
һ¶˻Σһǻź顣
ǵĵһμƽͶȤʱʼϲԼҽֻǵʱҪҸӰѺ齻ҶϣɣƺǶá
ԵʱûҪȺƣ¾Ʊƺͷ۵ĵطҲûһ¡
ǽ죬Ź괦ϲĵ˺ɫ
һƬУͻȻǳ׵ϡ
ٷҶ类ճ˻ҡ
һжԼҽЩڼ򵥣Լøϡ
žƱʵĺϣҶҲشĺܳϿң๫ʲô
ǴЦһֻסҶĸ첲ק
˵ֱۿһཻչȥ촽žƱһƫͷƼԼҽĶ
˵᣺ͽн
Ҷգգ۾Ҳѧӣչȥ
ĥ䣬ţ˷ֱѾˮһ
ؾζ㣬ȴֺԲζ
ҶţƲúȡ
ȴǣҶûע⣬һ£Ҿġ
С˲β⣺Ķˣ˵ţΪԼոճˣ±ڣֱӡ
ûشֻţúܡ
ҶҲ׷ʣֻȥ±ҧһڣɢζҶҲЦݡ
ǰûȹƣ½ؾƶߣһȥҲҶûпס⣬ûþͳ˯ȥ
Լȣ˼¸ŮϣԼǵͷԼӵ˯ա
ĸרעȿ˲Ҫ档
Ҷ˯ʱʱëʱ棬ƺÿϸڶ˿꣬Ƶġ
ôҶ˽ӽʱʱҶѡ
Ҷ۾ССĴ˸ǷҪôûͺԼȴһı˻ͷ
Ϸ£ƺû˯ѣȥҶЬӣ¹˶ϣŰӵҶš
ǲûнԺҹ绹ģ˾վ£űž̻貣ҶͻȻԼһҸıǴ˿̡
ҶץǰѣۻͻȻ˸Ц
ʣЦʲôأ
Ҷ˻ģ๫ÿ쿴𣿡
Цŵ̫쿴ϾϣҪ˯ģǷŵĻҲ˯ãҶЩʧ䣬ŵǷŻƵӣʱϱȻ̻ȼţʱȥˡ
ҶЦüۣؿס˵
Ϧҹҹĺʢ
̻ҪǮģҽð˺̻ܶ࣬һʱǴΧİһúһΡ
ȵ˴һ˾ͽ
ҲٲҪҹ°ݷã˹ʱǱˣҲܾҲóӵĹ˵˵δҪı
һæµȥݺֿҶڶһ鿴
ȻרעģЩ
Ϊʲô⣬ţϴЦʵˣҪң
Ҷһ̿ͷ
鵽ǰҶ󷽷İһҳָһͼ๫ҽʲôôǰû
һֱŬķֱÿͼϵĻֲﶼʲôҶһĿĵġ
ΪС˶
С˲βţϾͷ˶̫ˣʲôû˼úܡ
;öͻܵġ
ƫƫͷĺܶ໨ҶʲôԼ๫Ҳù´αס
ĹעȻҶһ
ĿɿڴĿűֵݵԼǰĴͼһأɾͲǶ䷢죬Щյ
һʱ֪˵ʲô˰ΣʵĶģ
Ҷش̹ϣ͵ģӡɾǻ̫ˣѰ͸ѻ˵ãѶʡԵǶ͵


39 
˵ǰûпЩͼǲƭ˵ġ
Ѱ鷿ٶϼ, ѾѼ鶼, ƼҲûʲôϡġ
ⴺٻ𻭵Ĵ, ֵ, Ϊͨͼոճ׵СŮ֮£Ȩ֮顣
ڸķ, , Ҳʲô鲨
Ͼĺÿ̫ˣƼҲֻ۾ӵһԡ
Ҷ˼Щֻ룬ͻȻԼűͼеǰ˼ɾʹΪͬ
֪ҶЩһ֪, Ѵͼ鿴ĿҲֻˡ
һʱֲ֪ôҶ, Ƕ˫Ư峺۾Ǻö໰˵
ԭЩڳ֮ǰ, ˵ģ䵽Դϡ
Īֽ̻ĸо
һֱ˵Ҳǻ, û취, ֻҶ֣ȰⱾϷŵһ, ʼԼӽһ֮Ҫ顣
Ҷɵ, ͦõ, Ҫеࡣ
С˲ε٣Խ˷Խ
˿ܻЩɬҶǸ̹Ȼ˵ֱ˵ʵЩΪʲô˵ţ飬㷭š
ŬԼͻһЩͣɡ
С˲գգ۾һԷҲܼ飬еû˼
Ҿú˼
ȴ˸˵ԺǿԿȤûȤҪԼԹ֪
ҶͷΪʲôҪԺѾˣԲô
⻰˵ֱף򵥣ȴһЩԾԾԡ
ֺĹǿסԼٵ죬ҪϹſԡ
Ҷɵֿϵͼ˷һȻҲԣȥͦѾģ๫ӸոպתһЩǸýһЩźá˵С˲Ŀģһ㡣
Ҷ˵İǰúӣڱ˶ɾͱζ
һŬԼ㿪⣬ܵסѾһƬա
ҶҲ׶ⱾԼĥݵġ
С˲ҵ˵˵һ
ִ򿪣ҶǸúúÿоо
ȴⱾϣ̵һԣʱ䲻磬ЪϢɡ
ҶһֱԼߣɵʵ๫鲻𣿡
Ҷ۾ãõúܡ
ڶһ磬ҹ˵껰ֻ˶¡
ԭֻǿҰɽκòãǺãһЩ
ûȶ¿ڣҩ԰Ȼһ
һ仰öµһӾ˰ء
ϣֵǸʱҩ԰ӣʱڳȰҩһЩ
Ц˻ˡ
ҩ԰Ĺ²٣׬ǮĻҩ̡
ҩ԰רŸҩ̹ģʵ԰ӲСǽ
ҩ̵ĵطȷʵЩС
ҩ԰Ӿ˱ҪҩóȥҪҩ̵ı£οԼΨһŮҩ̵ϰǿҩ̣ȻǸ˲
Ҳ³̣ǰϢҩ̸ڵĳׯҪߣҺһҵҲ㡣ǺˣеİͺԺ֮ͨҪʮȥġ
̵ҩ԰ʲôʱãүȽҩ̣ʡĵ˺ʱ򡣡
Ҳ˼һʼĴ㲢ûҪִҩ̵飬黹ճ̵ĺá
ʹɾܾǱ桷ãǿķǵġ
¶ԼҲ֪콵ϲ¾ȻΪԼŮ͸Ҷһ
ɫƲϲŭָϵ˵㣬ȥһ£ȥҩ̵ƹչһˡ
ǡ
ԥһ£ֵҲһУ죬Ϊ˵棬һ
ĥζԴԼŮ˵ǸգԴ˵죬ػȻиΪҪ
ǱҪ찲ţԼŮ鷴Իһ
ʹͲھͿҩ̣Ϊ£һлҪԶҵԸȣЦӦˡ
ߣ»еĶүɫûϢãȻ࣬ϻҪú˯ǡ
ͷлĿͶ뿪
Ҷȴһ̾Ϣ
Ҳ֪ԭдֶġ
ȴûм鷿˲ǻȥҶԹ緹󣬾ڷаҶѡ·
˵ÿʮǻʱ򣬲ӹ꿪ʼϾѾ
͢ϽڶķϷģÿ³һ죬ǹٷգֻҪ͢涨ޣڽϾͿѡ
⼸ҲǽӣҹϵĻƻĵƯ
֮ǰ˵ҪҶϽ棬α׼Ҷһȥתת
⻹ҶͷһһţȻǿĵġ
ֻǿ֮࣬ҶǸһʱȥǵõձӾͷȥ˺üţë̺޲ðÿ϶ϣܷ
ҶϱȻ߶๫ڻǲҪ׳ҹźãҪúôţñӣҲҪ֪𣿡
ЩεŤͷżҶԼ׼
±Ҷģɫģëףžů͡
ñëģͬǺɫģѰñӴЩƴԺԼ۾ӣʲô¶ˡ
ԴԼװЧɵõҪҰú𣿡
ҶòÿʲôҪҲʶǣӲҪġ
̵ͷԥûС
ȻǽѡģʹܹܲԼӵһ⡣
Ҷƹѣϴθ˲٣ͷһţҶ޲һÿġ
ˮģһ׺̵ģҶ֮ǰɲ˵һȥ𣿡
ббţѸ첲齼ϳͷҶͬ˵͸ʶԼӴҪ֮ǰλ׳ʿͬȥҲҪЩԱл⡣
Ҷƺͦ׺ɫģЦü䣬᣺ͬ·һҲð
Ҫȥɽ˼ģһˣȵӦûȥϿƣʱҲһġ˵˶١
ǵòǸ׳ʿҲҶ
ûа·ϣϾҶղʲôرϣ⸽ҶҴ壬ͬյĲ֪Ҳʡ
ֻҲãܼλӺҶ׳ʿ
ȻǸѵĺͿԼҵܱܵϾС˹֪ͨСϰգԼǼΪá
ʱҶѾѡѡ
ȴû̵ģѡһ֮ǰһߵ°ȹųȥ
°ɫǴףǷŵɫ
ϣĵŮ˷ʤѩһЦʱʧ
๫ÿ𣿡Ҷ˵ţֱȫ
ԼӺÿʲôͶÿ
⻰˵ǷƵģʵֱ˵Ҳ̫˳
ɺܿ϶ĵͷÿ۹á
ҶЦޣżһ£ȥԼױ
ŵĹ㣬һţ֪ͲͶ´ˣ̾жá
๫
ʱҶǡ
Ҷһü
ȥÿ֮¡
ѾԻһƯԶɽüɵûУΨ
컭ôҲеĵá
ڰʱ֣ղڵʱ򣬶˾Сغӣӵķȥ


40 
һ·, Ҷûÿ⿴
Ѱڳ, С˲ϲͷһһ, ǽҶȴһֱûô, ÿӽ˷紵
׺ûĶ߬ʱҶȻһжҪСġ
๫һ, ȻҪϸš
ҲóҶԼ, ůģסҶ֡
С˲οĿ棬оֱӿ˼ϣţжã
һ£໹һյʱ͵ˡ
ҶȻſϵ, ʳóһ۽ԵӹĹҵģ˵Щģ๫, ҽȻƼʲôɡ
һƣҶøЩ, 渵
, ʮԪڲֻƵ, ʵϴǰͻῪʼ׼һʼѾŵƽϲ
ӳһʮ, µʱ䶼Ǹֵġ
дƣҹŻǧ, ꡣ·˵ıʢˡ
̻ʢ, ܻ貣˱鲼ֲ
˶࣬бȼĳ֣澡ʱзεҲע⵽
ǾͻںҹʱСڽѰңʰЩСȥǷһССĺơ
Ҷ⻰ʶԼͷϵΣ๫ҵģɲŪˡ
ս֣ЦŵֻҪڣ벻̫⡣
ҶǴһ£๫⻰˵Ĳԣ׬ģ๫ô࣬ǶǶ๫ࣿ
ԣһĻش𣺡˵ԣΪˡ
ҶóںԼҲ˸۽Ž
ʱͣͷү̣طˣ˶٣ͷ˶úܣǽȥ
Ҷû˵ֻǿ⡣
ֻҶ֪Ҳͷһ֣ȻҲǵһ
ȣƣһλúȥĴ浽ԶľȻȥʱȥȡˡ
Ӧһ˰ʷ³
Ҷһ°ɫȹѣһΧźɫ磬ι
ë׵£ë׵ñӣʵʵƫƫǺɫģڰҪҹɫΪһ塣
ϵ˲ٶߣǡֽϵҡΣɾԼҲ̫֡
ȥͣʱ˾ʹСؾڸתת
ûãСϾͶ˼ֽ涼ҶСҲûʲô
ҶȴûʲôʳԼұվտĳͣҶڶԳԵҲЩˡ
۾ҶϴתϸԼҽ±Ⱥɢˡ
ʲôУԼҽҪˡ
һͼҶվһ̯ǰ档
˵˵һЩС׹ӵ׹һ㡣
ҲˣʮʮģʯƷҲƷ
̯ȻĹǸë򣬵ž֪ǺƷʵ£ҶǴ羫£̶ѳЦү˹ðҪʲôĿɶǴǱߴĺö
С棬Ҳ͹Ʋ䣬֮һүܲ
Ҳ⣬̯ϵۣ⡣
ҶȻûĵĺö٣ֻƶһۡ
Ҷ۾ֱֱĿһڽʯͷקקӣǸÿ
۾ſȥЩȵü⡣
һ鿴ЩʯͬڱʯͨӨ׻Ǳ䣬һЩɫʯ滹һϸϸƣȥǱû˵ı߽Ƶġ
СҶʯͷЦ
˵Լʯͷ̶Ӵģʵһ̯ͨĶǮأ˾һЩ˼ҲҪƷʯԻһЩ˼ҶĶˡ
ʯͷǱģкһӣȴһֱûҵҲΪ
Ͼɫÿ˵ѺۣѺǹͨģôڶڲ᲻ãƼ򣬵Ȼϲ⡣
ǣС׼úõؿһԼ񣬿ǲ˵Ϳʵ֪ǴӺδ
С̴Ʈ񰡣һ˲ǮŴһ̶ֱģүɫƷʣ⡭
۰ɡ
С۾һתֱָģһҶ
Ҷ֪ʯļ۸٣֪ƷʵʯϼۣСѾҪˡ
ȴƽĶҶܸһ𣿡
Ҷ̴ǮһСݸСһ۶ֱˡ
ȻСҲֵˣ
СֻҪ񵽵ģ˵һЩ͸ˡ
СһԥûУ֪Ķ˳ǰӴһ̶񡭡ģǹ߳󷵺ӦϢأסڳһլ˼һ֪ˡ
ͷֱӰСǿʯݸҶЦˡ
ҶԼ͸ԼʲôԵģϾԼܵģ˵ǮȻҪﻨ
ԶˣҶ๫Ȼ˵ҪľˣΪηҪôأ
Ҷʲô޾ϸ͵Ҳ⣺ҪĲ񣬶ϢǵľˣǮԽԽ಻٣ЩѰҪ̶ӵȥѰ̶ֻӵ״ܴС̽Ǹˡ
ҶգգۣǻǮ
֣ǰϵıռģֻ˵ʱ򣬲ģȻͲǸǻˡ
ҶЩƶǶĵͷԺĥ
ʱҲˣȥ
ԵĻڶ࣬Χˣյ̨ӣط˶ĺܡ
Ҷһֱ֣۾ʵҿȴҪ뿪
ʱ˽סҶү
Ťͷ¶һ˫۾Ƽ˸̬ˡ
û˵ģһֱȣһʱϳݣСүǮׯƹ񡣡
Ҷһƺϴα̼µĵƦݺǸƹ
ƹҲΪϳӣԲųԵĺһǸëͣס˽Ų֪ԼûϴˣǰЦĸƣѵóһˣĳԵ֡ҶЦǺǵĵٺͷɲŮòһԣܰͷϡ
ʾãŻ˵˾䣺ƹԡ
ҶȴЩֵĿƹеŪףԼ๫ѾƲˣĶɲŮòģ
̳֮ΪģԼδѣҲͶ˼䣺ƹΪιһ˹仨ƣ
ƹЦһɲһ˵ģãҪһڳ￴ƣ˭֪֪˵ĻƯͷҪⲻôҸˣҪȥʹûӰӣҹһˡ
ƹ˵ĿС˲ζί
ע⵽˵ġڳ뵽ոС˵̶סմլĻɵʵԭƹڳҲլԺ
ƹЦǺǵ˵ϱӣһҴլԺ˿УȥҸϺȺȲͻĳȻӭ
Ȼ̶λƹļ
ȷ΢̣ñӵſУȴƽࣺܶǵʱٲ߶ˡ
ҶƼƹ˵֣ҲڣԹԵվߣûɿ֣ȻǣţС˲ε۾ȴǳŸ
ͿԶи̯ӣһյơ
ӵƣɫ֯Ϊͣ滹յ׺ŸעĿ
ҶԺƼĻƣɵö࿴ۡ
ڴʱм˱յ
ҶϽӺͷ˵ҪȥơٴҶƽߵ
ҶƽһֱڶʺͶԶһ̶иԣʵⲻǵƣ
ָָǸӻƣ˵Ҫȥյ
ûƹۣҶƽ̵ߣȥҲֵĪҪ뿪֮⡣
ǡ


41 
ϵЦӽԺû
ǵϵĵ, е, ۵۳ֲ롣
Сû˸߹ҪΪŬʵĿɢүң
Ȼϻʫ, Ĵֻʲôʱܱʷŵϣңھˡ
ƫƫԸΥ, ǰ, ϲ񻯣̫ҽ޲, Ȼû˵˭óʥϵĴ޽Ҳ顣
ʾͷ֣ԭȰĻֶͱ, ɰɵĻʵҲıš
ԭѵܹһ߸ʴδλ, Ҳȥȥڳ, ĳ, 붼, Щֵܳ£, Ūġ
ʹ˸㲻øķӡ
װԼ˸գֻ, ʱʱľҪŻϲǱģ
Ϊӵ, ϲֻʲô¶, Ҳʲôԡ
ֻ˸·ӣʼ˵̡
Ϊˣةҵ鷿ҵķãšҲ̹˻ʹǧأڴųԡ
ǲǿװɵ֮ʱʵ۷˸ͷ˸ƫԶķأޣ仰˵ǡٲûؾ
ǰţʵǴ˳ȥֻӳȥ˸۲Ĳ
Դˣζѹ̵ĴԼʰʰҹ뿪˾ǣȲļơ
ôǷֻҪ˳ִأңүԸҲǹԲ
ر֮ǰ˿̿սζҲֵˡ
ֻʷԼǼֵܲûзŹʱʱĹ̽̽ǲķλóʲʤ䷳
ƫƫеЩƫƫǶλЧʷЩ踺صĻӣװɵ躹ޣԽ壬Ͷϵһһ޲ھͰѳԼ˸֮
ԲԽ࣬ӾԽֱӵ³ʿʼЩԲΪǲë
ر˶衢ɱ˼Ƶȵѹ֮󣬳Խ͵޲ðԼСϰգ伣źá
ʲôֵܣʲô󳼣źء
ҲڲѾһûҩˣóеӳߡ
ڴ˴ͣΪ˶˭Ϊʾ˸в̸꣬ʫĺòڣŴ˴Ļһ׼֡
ϧǣԭǺԼһģȴɢˣҶƽֻر˵Ҳǣȥһ̵ţʱŵȻ˵ȥԼСѻϣֻܴԼ
ǵ֮ŮǸҹ㣬ǽ󲻹ҲԸΪ˳Զ뾩ǣҲ͵Ķࡣ
ֻȻǸϲƯŮӣƼûƺ󣬾ʳʣ๫ȥơ
ҲƼûƵģϵĻӦЯųǸ̯λȥ
ǡɣҲƹ𣬺Ҷһ̯λǰ
Է򸾼ͬʱǲûƶԷǶŻơ
ȿʵ
̯ǸŰֺˣЦǺǵĻش𣺡λӣǲģԿܲõõ
⵹ʣϴЩ棺ʲô
ָָ̯ԼǰӣЦŵʮǮԴһ򣬺ĶΪͬɫǺɫǿˣǱɫ߶
һ⻰ɵõⲻǹˣ
ҶվڲԶҲڶյƣʣСʲôйˣ
һëҲ˺ƹĽ̸վҶб󷽣ԣ΢΢ͷشһֵͭĴӮϷ
ǸϷǺǮҹʲͬˡ
ֻ̯Ȼ³ʣֱ׳ĵÿ³һСϷֻҪһβʮǮͿԣ͢ġ˵̯꣬Цʳʣ𣿡
һ֪ҪͷϷקһ³ʵӣȻ˰ɡ
ȴǸӣ²ĸʮͭ壬ǺãΡ
̯ЦǺǵǮѺǰһڡ
ʾͰ˽ȥ˽һš

ϼæοʵǲ⣬
򣬺򣬺򡭡
Ҷƣ۾ֿյûƣҪֲ֪ôҪ
ΣȫǺ򣬿Ϸ̫ס
С˲˼ãҲûʲôð취
ʱһ·϶ڳҶƽǰûоųʣֻ΢΢ſֱۣƺڵΧ۵İգǲҪ̫
ɾʱҶƽֵ۾ԾԱһɨͷһδӳƿĿɫŮˡ
ʶϴڽǸˡ
ʱֻǾһƳúСмƣʱ¿˿üۣʲôû塣
ϸϸü죬ģͬһˣ
ҶƽһҶѾķ٣ĵԼСļˣΪʲôһڽϣǳǳŮŵӣΪʲôû
ȻҶҴѾȫԵҶǸëҶɡ
ҶȴԼүͷϣҶƽ׼䡣
һҶϽϷֺȻĮ硣
ʱ򣬳ʿʵĲͷǲյƣ
̯ͷǵġ
Ѿ׷˺üΣǰŵĶʮקǮ˵ۣˡ
һ㶣ϲɵЦȴųʵġ
Լү򻨵Լǿĵģֻֻ֪¸Ǯ̯Ҳ˵ơ
ûƱ͸̯˵ֶΣôôĳã
˳ȥ漸쿿ʲôء
Ȼ̯ЦǺǵûнӻǹҶ۾Ҷʱ̯λҲϲģҪҪԿ
ңҶû뵽ԼʶĿ
ͷֲͷСϷȦƵģȨֶѣһûʲô
ĽʲôòģҲˣʲôòҲ£ԶƵģԼҽһյҲˡ
ҶҲ߹ȥ۾źӣֿ˿ʵĶʮԥһ£ΰɡ
ֻ̯Ϊתƻ⣬ƼȻģЦǺǵʮöͭ壬ӵݸ
վһԣϣȴûעҶֻĥܻǮϰûơ
ɾʱϰ循ȵһţһԶ
ţ
ʾȵĿҶҶƽҲ΢΢ס۾ҲҶϡ
˵ʵڵģոճʶʮβһΣƶ̯ϰٸȴֻмɫ棬ڡôһˣ
ҶȴѻɫСŵһԣϲˣûж࿴Ű쵽
ʱһɫġ
̯Ѿ㵣⡭һţմɰڼһ
С˲գգ۾ְȥ
̡һţʼһ̯˿İͣ˶ȥҡһ£ԼոհɫĶŪһ
Ҷȴˣ̯ǻƣҪʲôɫģ
̯Ťͷȷһ»ŵֽŻش𣺡ɫġ
ҶͷԼʲôϡģոֻ̯ƭԼϾʲôɫʲôֻԼ˵㣬ɲС
С˲˵֮ǰԽʱֻԽӣԵں
ҲһҪֻǻƣôĶҶҪ
û֣ΧѾЩ
ȥó
Ҷ̯ƣԼ͵͵˿ͬƼֱ̯˵ϣҶɵáסһЦ
ģһź޵С


42 
ҶյûƵʱ, ϵЦݸʵ⡣
Ȼ˴ζ, ǶС˲˵û, Ķ̫Ҫ͵׷Ҳ͸, ̰, ˾ͲҪˡ
Ҷ֣̯ԼǸø˵, ȴ˲
ܿü̯ӣһϦ֮ͱӮô̯޵ĶС
ֻҶȴûʲôͬ飬С˲Ȼ, ȴɵ
ո͹˵ĺʱҶ, ڵ˿϶Ȼϲ˶࣬Ȼǿ, ׬˶, ԸľҪ䡣
ҶŻ, ʵʱ, ȴеĽϲ
ոջŵʱ򣬳˵ҪµĻ
, ƵҶ, ȴǰֶᡣ
òǾ֮, үҲȡ֮ˣס࿴
ÿ
Щû취õϲŻøӺÿ
Ҷóϲ⻨ƵģҶûҪǼ˵ģҲе
룬Ҷ̯һһλᣬ𣿡
̯ѾЩԱˣոİֺҲĻǡ
ĲͷѾҶˣ̯Ҳˣ֮ˣ̾˿ӵݸɣи֮ˣҲҵ˵
ҶһЦҲ࿴̯ۡ
Ȼƹ˵̯Ӳʲô飬㿴ÿҲϻˡ
С˲ȴûԼŤͷ˳ʣλˡ
óһ㶣ΪΣ
Ҷֱ˵Ͱ͵ƺ̫ʣת˸ո˵ĻҲѧŵϵıռģ˵ʱ򣬲ģȻͲǸǻˡһԼ๫˵ĻҶǣҷָһΣͲˡ
ЩЦãո˵ǻû뵽ھͱԼҽѧá
ҲûҶĳҶ˸ӻƾͲôѻøҲδɡ
ͷһۣҲͷһⱻͶ
ҶѾ˻ƣë׵뿪ˡ
ֻ̫ʵҶŵûע⵽ҶԼŻƣûҶƽ֡
ҶỨƵʱϵ΢΢䣬¶Ө׵
ԼϵĽ
ЩͷˣƹӣҶƽһ۾ϳȥģ
ҶƽЩȴ˼ҪʣóȻȥ
ֻҶƽûע⵽˼Ŀһۣȴ˵ֻĶųʵ๫Ȼ˼ҵĺ⣬˱ǡ
ʵͷȴԼ˳Ҫ޹
ոնʮıҾóʶԼ˾޴ɣǲԼðѸʵǧؾ˻Ȼôôùأ
ǲϣȥٶȺܿ죬ȡʱȴһ㶡
һŰɫӣƽƽ棬ǳʾƺ˻
ֺڵˣôһȻ˷ܣ
̯ĵһţһѡ˵ţ̯ӵݹȥﳤ̾⻹ͷһμܴȾģλӣպˣ÷¹ȹǣҽʱ˲ѡ
÷¹ǺӣǳʴСĺö֪٣ǰղ˺üѣȻǿϵġ
һΣȴӺúõطŵϵȴ䡣
Щ⣺ӣ֣µķŵȴҪ֪˿ȴܻһ÷¹ˡ
߬߬ϵ֣Цŵ۶ҪţʱԼʱҲǼҪģȨʡˡ
ЦſƣΪͷһӮĶﻶϲɡ
һղղͺ˰
һЦڶ˵۾Ҷƽ֣ͻȻڵ๫˼ҷ˵ĺôҪлǣֻ˶ӣ㲻ԼȥҶϽȥ˵һɺã
˻һҶƽ־˾ֱֱĿ˳ʡ
ûж룬˵ͷƽ֣Ǿ鷳ȥһˣٸ㲻õģȻھ̻ϱǡ
ҶƽӦһŽϸϸһſ첽Ⱥ
ʱҶŻƣһվںӱߡ
Լůţ᣺֮ԻʢУΪڶո㣬Ϊᴩӵĺӡ
Ҷǰ̽̽ͷʲôϡģ
˵꣬Ϳ˺һƬƬǵ㡣
Ҷ΢㶣۾ƺҪˮĶ
ܿ죬ҶʶЩⲢˮϣӳġ
̧ͷҹ֮УͿڿƮƮҡҡһյյĵơ
ƣɣ
ҶЩȣʶץס֣ЩϲָŸ๫Ǹɣ
ϵҶϲҲǡ
ǰ̫ΪʲôԼҴϲ巽ϿģЩˣԼӸˣһ¡
ҶǿƣҲƣϲȥյͬһſɺã
о仰ûи
˶ţԼԸдڵϷŷɣԸһʵ֡
ǰЩڣȴҶһŵơ
Ҷ̵ͷЩԾԾԣһȥ
ȴҪϲҰɣҲóԵ㶫˵ţںӱߵĲţֶСغӺúԼ뿪ˡ
̱Ǹ·ϢЪŵģ̿𣬱ůöֻ࣬ǮҲѰĹԸЪŵĵǲࡣ
Ҷڲ˸ٴλãһЩҲҪֻΪԶԶؿ
ҪյȲ裬ҲСغůһůϵĵǴӸϴģȻѾȺˣǺ춹ĻȵĶóԡ
ûһҶЩ
ţƼһֱڲԶ̯ϣϵƤëë׵ģϡ
Ҷ̲סСص๫ȥ˶ˣ
С⻰Цү˰ɣ
ҶҲ̹ϣ˵ҪȥѰֻԼȥӶûţ³¡
Сزɵÿ˲ԶڸʫСﲻ֮һ֣ʵǲףԶԶؾܿˣΪʲôҪģ
ǿο̲صģҹʱӾйĻƸţүǱ߿϶˱̷İɡ
ҶҶ˵ȴԶ˸ǽ𣿡
С˲գգ۾ŤͷȥֱֱľͶһ˵۾
ҶƽվڲſڣҶͷһʱȴס
ҶǶơ
ҶҴɳδ飬ģѲǵɽҰ򣬶ǱøҲЩȻǴˡ
˵ǲ׸ıġ
ͼҶɵϣС˲գգ۾ǣ磿
˻һҶƽ־;ԼۿЩʪ
Դﹹ˼κͼϵ龰᲻ʶ᲻ᱻ֮ϣĳҶƽֶ
ĵ˺ԼʱҶƽȴЩٶ
ǰҶվȴһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
Щľûʲô˵ģϳɱо׷ɱˣѪʵڲʺ˵ŻԼСá
ֻҶ겻ôˣ
⻰ûʲôӦСȴ
ȻСҰ﹤ҲкһӣҶǰ֪Խôʵĳڡ
ôˣ
ҶˣƵĶɷĶүϲˣ
ȻүڲɷǣǲԣڻҪʶ̣
СΪҶƽҶȴûи״˼
ôãС˲ҲֵʲôǺˣʲôǻˡ
ҶɺҶɩŲ٣ЩǣҶɣ˶δ飬ҶļҲҶɶãǸˡ
ֻС˲δδҲ֪ôش⡣
ҶȥҶɿܻд𰸡
ҶƽּżʵǷڹĲã
ҶҡҡͷЦŵҹúܺá
ҶƽֿЦᣬҲЦţǼ޸ˡ뵽ҶЩοֻԼСǵųޡ
˭֪Ҷ˿ʵҡͷⱾ޵ġ
һ仰ס˺
һҶƽ֣һſƻ
ϣĵд˱ľӣ׼Լҽһŷɵģǻû߽̣Ҷ仰
˲䣬˰أſƵţͻȻѾõĪı
ƺҲסɪɪ硣
һ̣Ҷٴ𣺡ҳԺõˣӣٺòˡ


43 
󱯴ϲ, еһ顣
ղŻǹЮűĺ̹ǣھѾů紺
, 䵽˵, Ѿûʱȥ˼ˡ
˾ñЩᣬ˱۾, ˰벽, ˲ϣĺһ
ûԼΪһ˵һ仰п, ̫ĵӣʹڱůûио, ƫƫһɲ, оЩѡ
ûнȥΪЩ֪ҪôҶ˵Լڵ飬Ҳ¹ӿĸŻĽ
Щ, ԼӺöˡ
֮ǰǸֽģֻҶǰʱѾһûʹȥˡ
ģԶðĴ⣡
֪ʲô飬ͻȻðĹȻЩŵڿƵȺ, ԭͥŲǱýֳЩҡ
΢΢һ㶣վֱӳǱ߿ȥ, ܿ, ͸оƺһιƵģ
, Ҷ𣺡Сģ
̽˲̣סҪȥҶ
Ȼ֪ǸǺˣǼҶ˽֪ԼҽĹˡ
ȥʣںҶİΣһȣҵĺܡ
Ҷŷˣ۾־ͱס
С˲ΰԼë׵߬Сȭͷһ£ˣ
һ㶣ֻܷһ
ҶͷΪԼæֱۣתʹĹ˵Ҹһֱڶ㿴ͻȻͲˣ¼£Ҫȥġ
ţոպŵСģǶԼ˵ģ
һƬҲֱסҶͷöͷŮ˵ķЦŽͣҸռ˺˵ſվһ
ҶҲֱӻصҸ磬˶٣磬̻ˡ
֪Ҷģֻһֱ˵Ҷսɳ֮ǰҶɩҲô˵ģҶλΨһһλҶжҶҵҶ˳
Ҷ˵Ҷɻûκλɡ
ϵһ֮ǰı߹شݣҶĺ󱳣ȥϲ¡
С˲ҲͷǺˣ͸úúõĻȥ
ֵոôܵôȻˣȥġ
ҶĻش𣺡Ǹ˵˼仰Ϳ˵׷˿ܳ£ԺңȻ뿪ˡ
׷ˣ
΢΢ü׷ֿɲ˵ģҶſŴҲˣǽϴŹѥ
Ȼǵ˲ܱôŵĿ·Ǹ
ʱɧѾƽϢ
һֱվſͷܻ˵ˣ˲СĴ򷭻ȼ̯ӣ̣ˣŲʲô¡
ȺҲƽԭѾЩĺ
ҶƵ飬קһ๫˵ȥĵﰡ
ȻոѾ˱ԼڵϵĿˣ±˲ˣСصûС
СӦһܳȥңƼһյûбĿƿͰ͵ĿǽںɪɪƮҡѾ˼ӡ
Ӽ״ûСذѾƵĵýȥ£Ƕͷүȥһյɡ
ᣬӵ˵ͷ
ûãӾյµݸСýȥ
ѵ˽ȥӹû̸ҶҲƹ˱ʣʫ
ҶչȥͿƯӬͷСд֡
Ӱ춹˼֪֪
ʵոʱҲ֪ԼдʲôŤͷǸ۰ͰԼĽʱдȥ
ֺγһġ
ǰɻЩ鰮ʫ飬ȴǰУеĿϡ
Ҷ룬ͻȻȻ˵ƣǻؼҰɣԺ춹ˡ
һ£Ц
ֱ΢΢ҶڻﱧøﶼЦ⣺á
ҶƽּҴҸϻȥǺⲻ⣬Ϊ֮
ȻϵҶҶƽֵпͬʱҲǾǶʡ
ȻϳСãԺѰ
ǳʳ£ԻҶƽֶԶпǴͷ
ڷһ亹Ҷƽָϵ̵ʱ򣬾ͼ˺ö˶˵ĳʡ
˿Ҷƽֶųһ񣬱ʵһɸո뿪лٳδ飬ҪȥѰԼļˣˡ
Ҷƽ֪ҪԼ˵ʲô飬ŬסƽǲǾ֮ͣҲΪ˱ӡ
ϾһˣҶƽĶ֪ǵͨ˻Ǵ̿ɱ֣Ȼ˵ľ
ЦЦȥ׼һ°ɣԽԽ࣬Ҳûȥˡ
һԵҲŵͷųʵ
Ҷƽߵ⣬ͱٽסˡ
ٵɫЩ죬ҲԾѹͣҶϽոҹȥҰ㣬˵Ǵү͸ġ˵ţٽһֽҶƽ֡
ҶƽЩ֣ƽʱͶϻ޹ϸֻӷԸˣҲԽʺԼʲôϵ
Ҷƽִʱдһַ
ҶƽִӲʶĵطʱٵ˵ס
һ仰Ҷƽ¶˾ȣ̶۾
ٸʱ䲻̣ʵ̫Ϥˣæûϵֻõȥ飬ûˡԣû˵
Ҷƽּ͵ĻңɵһЦƵļ֪㲻˵Ҳֻ֪û뵽ܰæ
һ㶣˵㣬ǲ¼㣿
㲻ϣ˵үģģҲǸүġ
ϸһ£ֻܸпλүĴһЩҲǺ£˵ʵڵģүôȢôõġ
ҶƽֵһۣӣͷҪ𣿡
ֺ̱ͣõĶҶƽЦЦ
ҶƽûֻֽֿۣܶŴյһԵϵȼճ˻ҽ
ȴЦ
ò֪ܵܲûУ⼸ۣСãĹúãǺŪأ
ôˣѹҲ׸ҵġ
ҶƽŵҶȴֺѹûУȥ·ϻǺ«һ˸ոһԼš
Ǻ«ú洩ģѾȥ˺ˣ޵һ͸ǿǣҧһ׽ʱ򣬸о۶
ģֲԸҶ⣬ֻҧһҶݹţҶʣµǺ«һԣԵĿġ
컹ھְİġ
ȻǸʼյˣȻҪթ˸Ǹף;ԲС
ܻǺ«һ߳һ߶磬Ҹպ˵ʱ˵Ͷɩˡ
ţԭüۺЦĿҶ⻰ɵÿ
ɴһ˵һҲ⣺˵ֽȣǸӮ»Ƶĸøģ˵Ǹиë׵Ĺˡ˶٣ȿ˿ҶֵĻƶҪһȦûƣֿ˿ñӹʵ

ϣë׵ģ˭
ɫһڣҶȴЦϵ¡
ҲǣԼһЦ־͹ְɡ
ȵ˼Ѿҹʱ֣Ҷľ§˯ȥˣ˵ڶһ磬ҶȥϵԺӡ
ǸġҶ֪ƽʱֻڿƵʱҲûϣ˸״ɻ
СذѻݸӣЦͷŲˡ
ҲЦʵ⻨ѾһѣǿصҶ˼
رֻķǰͷҶԵøТ˳
ҶһԣݸСأʵɩأ
Цŵǻŵӣʹʯͷȥң˵ҪסһϣŻ
ţ
С˲β֪Щ˵ңҶһ׮£ҲҴ硣
ϡסһʵҶҴɿɻã
ҶЦźãǰ׳˺ܶࡣ
һЦֻȥսȫȫӰĻѾϲԱӣҲ뵽
Ҷͷ๫Ҳ˵ģֻǼļֿҲæһʱҲҵġ
£ŵʱ󣬹ȥûã΢һ֪ˡȼ棬⣬ͶһҲǺõġοȴ˰仰
ҶɼȻˣͷһҪҵĲҶҶɣվֵܲҶҵĸ
ƾϴҶ¶ֵٲһ
ȻңҶҵ׾ͲҪǣȥҶǳʲôƼֻҲܡ
ԼҶϱԼۣοôõϱ
뵽ϱûȥҲ̫⣬ȻһЩȥң͵ȥˣҲġ
Ҷ˵ͷӦ
ûãӾʹţȥҶң쵽ʱƼҶſվһֵĺӡ
Ҫһãɲӳ˾ѾÿȥһԵ̯š
ֻǸ·ģûڿȳͣ˱Ҫȥţ洫˸Ů˼ǼԼǮȻҪˣûˣ
żʵǽҲǵʱ˼ҲӼùǣ㡭
˵ɾǲɣȥӸҪھȥ
ûް죬֣ţҶҶɩҼҶҹЩ
⻰û
ŵҶɩȻҶ˺ӣжȻǿĵģڿ˰еģЦ˻
ҶҲҴҵĳȴֻԼСûлû뿪ʡ
ǲ˵̵Ƕ̷Ըġ˵꣬˸Ͻ˰Ѷֱӷŵſڣһ̶Ļţߡ
ֻѶ͵ѻԵӿһ㶼մȾ
ҶɩԭԹҶһǮƼһӵĵһзݵ⣬Ц˻
ˣҶɩҲû˹˼ɣѿӰԺӣţֱӵ𿴱˶ҪˣŻܰһӵġ
Ҷɿ˵Ĺ֣Ҫ÷ܺúõģԽҲãи
ޣииۼҵʱôʲôⶼʲôأҶɩҶĺû˵ʲô֮ǰóȥǮڻʣ٣
Ҷû˵
Ҷɩֱ۾ȫˣҶɲҶɩָ㵽⻹ȫˣ˵㲻˵ҾͲˣ
Ҷææܳţﺰţһ˶ſ˿ϡ
ҶҲСˣҶɩһֱһЩôһſֱӰһĵˣ
ƻƵһأҶɩľҶʹһʱ䣬ԺŮ˽кӿ޵϶
̯ϺҲƽʱ£Ҳͣڣ治֪Ӳúùզġ
ɲ˵꣬ˡһ
ϺһŤͷƼո˰Լˤ˵ϡ
ϺڣѾվʮͭݸϺǸǮ
Ϻԭ׷ˤԼ룬ڿʮͭ壬ܻüģЦ²£͹ٿɻҪ⽣
Ҷƽҡҡͷˡ˵꣬ת뿪̯
ݺݵĶҶҵſ˺üۣŤͷȥ
Ҷҿ޵Ŀޣֵ֣ȴһƬƽ˾
Ҷȥ˵ƣǺòĶһȥģպڵʱѾˡ
֪ˣȻģҶҲ̶֪ӵǣס
̶ӱ٣ĸǷëǣѰƹȻ׷⼸նΪæµ
ҶҲţû˵ģԼԼ϶ȥˡ
ȻʱҶûžƼд
ߵԺӵĲţҶȥʱֻƼеһӰҲסϸʣоѾ뿪ˡ
΢΢һ㶣ĸ߸ߵ
ĲҲѾòͻȻĪ๫ֳʲô⣿
ҶæƿţͿƺڿʲôƼҶţЦŶⱾֿô
Ƽ£Ҷ˿
ţĻҶɵһ߽һ߹ȥʲô飿
󣬾Ϳ˷Ƥ϶˶ĸ֡
桷


44 
ⱾҶϵ, ǱΪоݽоµ顣
С˲κ̹ȻߵߣļͷģǴҵ, ҵȻҪ
Ҷ, һ, Ƕδĳ½еͼָ, Ȼܹȫ̹ȻĺԼҽ̸۴ͼ
΢, ֻסҶ㿴ʲôĵ𣿡
Ҷͷ, ȻĲ˲ܹԼȥѸٵķ˼ҳ, ȻָеһҾܲôܰԼŤء

ԭֻҪⱾ, ɾãԼǶ˶Լ
Ҷ죬뵽ոдҴ뿪Ϊĳʲô¶أæ߬ס˷Լ
ϸϸĦУҶ˿
Ѿ֮ǰǿ˲, ȻҪСĽ, ѾǸ紵͵, ҲΪ˸, ޴󰭡
ƫڵԴЩֵֹ뷨, ͻȻҶסĸоƺһЩ
Ůָڲػʱ;Լ롣
ѸٵİϣͷҶӡ
ҶҲ׼֣ʶĿԼʱ࣬ӵʱ٣ôͻȻҶЩ΢㶡
ܿͷӦ˸Цﶼ͸Ƶ𣺡๫
˵ʲôͱһ˿˿
ƫʱСߵ˷ţү̣𣿡
ɡҶͶˣתһ죬ҲǿյģܳԷȻǺõġ
Ҳ᲻öԼӣ֣һվ
ڵһҶϲļһţβ
һۣʵţβģ
С̻ش𣺡ǷСģ˵ү࣬ЩҲˣţβ˵Բһ
ͷСؼæܴȥ˳ţǰҶʢһţβ
Ҷ°ͿЩĪЩôˣ
Լ飬˳Ծ棬ΨһĴžҶƽ֡
뵽Ҷƽ֣ҶͻȻӦԼƺһֱûийҶɵ飬ҶƽҲ֪Լ๫жã´μ˶ȻҪúÿһ๫ġ
ţͼѾŵҶǰֻҶеºͣЩʡۡ
һֱ극Ҷû뵽Լ۵Ķˡ
ϴµʱҶͻȻŤͷ๫㻹û˵˵ﻭĵ治ء
ԭ֪ôڵԣվǰȥֱҶקקﻭĶԵĴĶУЩţЩܡ
Ҷƫƫͷƺ˲ٵ
ֻǸոҶ˺Ź֪Ӳûд󰭣ֻ̿𿾵ȵˣص๫ô֪ʲôǶԣʲôǴ
ͷԼĶͷģỺԲ֪ˡ
Ҷգգ۾ᡣ
ǰС˲β֮ǰָ͹ҲúõķȻܲ³š
Ҷһ²ɬס׼¼һ˵Ƿ񿵽
ȨƤ˼㰲ĵԼֿȥ
Ҷȷ޴󰭺󣬱Цſһҡ
Ҷ˵̹ȻеǵҲʧ٣΢̣ͷĶǣá
˵Ѿǳ֮ҹֻǵʱ٣û׼ȫƶǺϵġ
Ҷ⣬ȴһֱ
ҶȥƵģֻװ֪ӻСȻ֪ܺܿȴƣڼһ׼
Ծ챻ů϶˺ɫϲ֡
ֻ֮ǰɫûеȼԿУȵܿͮͮϲ֣ȥϲ졣
ڹʱ䣬ɫҲԵΥֻͣ޵ɫƺƽ׵סϰ˵ҶЩ컸о
Ҷڴ챻ʱ͸оЩѡ
ӵһѺԲ֮Ķ
ЩãȻĿЩΪʲôŴ£˷Ѱ
ĶǣֻڴڲһЩطûС
ҶŲŲ˲䣬Ȼչȥûоˡ
Ϩҵȴĺ
˸ҲһƬս˱ƼԷüۡ
㣬Բˡ
Բ˷ԺҪ縺ӵһӣܲи
С˲ԣΪҪ˯ˣæ๫˵Ҫҵġ
ôû̾Ҫ˯ˣҪԭ˯ĵطôĸɹɻȥˡ
һ⻰ʱѪӿֻϨ̿Īúܡ
ͷһ⣬ԼҲͷһ⣬ԭЩ˼ƫƫҲ仰ģǹƵģֱ˴ʣ΢΢ͷԼӵĴǣҽ㣬Ҫúѧ
ҶûɵЩ¡
С˲ϰпϰǸܿµĶǰϰ߳СѾܲ˱ӵһˡ
ЩţĵһѡпԼ๫
ֱع˵ľϣŴŴģ๫ĺܣѧô죿
ɺܿ죬ͼǲˡ
ԭҪһ䣬ôҪٲ˿ô죿
һڣͰ¶˸ɸɾ
һʼֻۣЩֵﲻԾĳ
ҶԼģ֮ǰС๫͵͵ģûС챧ż黨ޡ
ʱС˲ξŷڲԴֻʣһ仰
ףá
һ΢£Ժһѧѧ졣
ҶѾ۹ˣʱԣһҲ֪˻û壬ôϡͿĴӦ
ᣬͷ˲Ъ
һǰһ̾Ϣ㡣
ֹһ󣬾𣺡ѧˣ
Ҷģˡ
ָһŮĿڣ๫
ЦЦ
С˲۲ۣۣѧѧɡ

ܽůȴһߣҶȴֺûк˼
뿪ҶҴѾãټҶɰ˼ңỻˣҶɻȥҲûʲôϳ
ҶƽֳøߴһŸ棬žͺοټ紾ӣ΢һ̽Ϣ
οҶɵõֵúܴҶҪڣҰĺʢ󣬴ģļӶϢȥϯȻ׾̽
ҶƽֲҶɵӲù֪ҶųǰԼţԼ˱ۺû˻ҪһЩ
ֻҶƽû뵽ԼӡȻųȴʵֵĵܵܣȻΪӣͰһͬСˣ
˵Ǽȥ˸帣ҶƽҶɼҸɨһȦܽĽ۾ǣҶǮծţҶɩԼӸ˻Ρ
ûмױûϯ棬ôϡͿ˳ȥ
ΪĲǸܵ׬ӣ
˵ǶڣǼȴɢ˸ɸɾ
Ҷɣã㹻ݣ
ҶƽȥһȭҶɣô佫еӻеġ
С֮ǰǿųЦһ뵽ҶƽһԴĻ
ֻûֻŸˡ
ҶƽִӻȻ˵𣬿ͨĿѵģתܡ
ɱȻڴӱ߹ػƽʱҲǸȵӣٲһԡѪʱǸʲôģ
ûס
ȥȴҶƽֵ٣ҴһĹٸҪҪǮ
⻰ʣȻʢЩҪŰ죬ǲ棬ǰﵽҪǮͨⶼҪصعǸʲô³̡
ֻЩףҶϽ֮ǰ˵Ĳܱ¶үôֱǲЩͻ
Ҷƽƽүһȥ˵ҲԳ棬ֻҶȥǩ顣
΢㶣ƺǲ̫ǱܵõôͻȻָգ仰ûʳڣתʵʲô飿
Ҷƽֱ˱۾ƺӳݷＷƵģҺֵܶˣϾϵԴ˷ּң軥ǣɡ


45 
ȵ˵ڶ, Ҷľˡ
˸ǷСڸ߰ɵһЦ
֮ǰ, Сڻһ, ϴ, СǼССڵĻ, סͺëβ, СӢֻˡ
ֻҶЦԺ󣬾;Щᡣ
, ҲЩۣѾòйô˶ȻЩӦ
˯Ժǻһµģ΢ҶЩӦ
, ЩѧҽѾԺܺõѨλ, ΢һ±˸оûþ̹ˡ
ֻ̹Ժ󣬾;öӶ
ҶԼСƤͷȻ˯Ĳе᲻þô
˵ĽëС˲ЦЦ, ๫
ֻǴ˿˯ŵȻûа취ӦҶˡ
С˲Ҳ, ȻŪĽë, ȴȻ˯
Ҷһ, Լǲ۵, 
ҶЩȵĵɴ۾
Լ๫˵֮ǰʱԵھȶ
ȻȻͨö࣬ȶѾʵס
ҶûԭΣѾЦ
ֻЦΪŽЩΪʵĺܡ
С˲δһ˵һȻŪ¶˵棬Ժǲܶƣ
ҶҲóԼ̹ˣȴЩ̲ͷ
ɲ֪ΪΣ֮ǰˣ˾Ƿ˸Ȳڲͷȴֻǳ˯ţûκҲʲôֵġ
๫ȶЩԼˣ
ҶЩһʱҲò׼⣬ûֻ΢΢࣬ѴϵֽСŲһԣʡѹ
СڵͣЪΧָһƬס
Ҷ;࣬۾֣ϸϸĹ۲仯
ǹڰֻһֱûб仯ҶЩ
Լ๫Դ˵ĮȻԴԼͻҶͨͨһ顣
ûиıǣֻҪŵʱǶ˭˼ʲôƵģǰԴŴϻۣŽ壬С˲αܵİȴϸϸ˯źģ
ţ˯ҲŹص˯ˣȴɿġ
ƽ񵭣۵Ѿû࣬԰׵ѪɫȴԵҶӿԽԽ
Լ๫Ǻÿ
о⣬Ҷ˻ȥһھ;öӸˡ
Ȼд£Ҷǲôһڴǲġ
룬С˲۾һתͲڲⱻĵ¡
ʹץһѸɹ
Ҷ͵͵ڱƣк棬йԲ
ǶܳһԵġ
ƽʱҶȻڴϳԶʰȣСק˸ӹ˸ڴϣСŸɹԡ
ҧģζҲ
ԵһҶƼ۽ë˶ƺҪƵġ
סͣ̽̽ͷоֻ΢΢һȴû˿
ҲҶĲ٣Ȼ˯û֤ûд󰭡
ҲͲڴ϶ˣɿ֣ק¸ԼϣСİѴ͹ʰã˵ء
С˲վڴǰϸ룬ΪʲôҪڱӵûͣҶӦʲôϰ֮ġ
գգ۾İѹŹǵصӵ¡
˴ʣȼ̿𣬵ȵů紺ʱҶȥױ˶񣬳ųϵԺӶȥ
ѾˣҶȥʱø
ҲȥţȥѧĨ֬ҶѾķֱ֬ʣҲԼĵһЩĻ䣬ѧþϸ
ϳʱҶһöü䣬ϴţɵõܳ㡣
ҶԣŷѾˣЦӯӯ߹ȥ£죺ܽ̽ôô
Լ棬û̻ش𣬶ȶӵȥ跿һˣŵģ˹ɡϲŶҶ⻨ϸСԼҪʲô˾ǣ򲻵ֻҪӣȻʵڲ˵֬軭Ҳһġ
ҶϸϸЦŵͷӦ
ϱҲЦЦͬ˵żҳ
ŵĻʱҶϣΪʲôӵҪӹԲ֮Ķ
ԣʶڴǣϰףȡ˸黰ӺۣҲԢӡ
Ҷգգ۾ӣ
ǰ棬ԲӣɲôЦŽ͡
Ҷȴǵãֻ˺͹Բȴûġ
ҶҲٶʣȻ֪ϰף׼ȥûѣԼ͵͵Եȥϲǡ
Ҷ뿪ֻСã϶˶Ĺ£ֹסЦ߶ӣӰ
һԵЩ⣺ˣʲôˣ
ǲˣ
ӦһŶ̵üûϸϸǶүûء
ϲԼüѾʲôܣϾ̸ûмɻģ˵һ˵һҶɪ
ԼҶϱЩ¶һɲ֪ˣ
ϴЦ¿תϵķ顣
ţᣬֻϵЦһֱûȥ
ȥʱ쵣ԼҶɻ᲻һûˣĵϹ˺ö꣬û
ԼҶӰȣ˳ɣԼʲôģ
תתϵķ飬΢΢۾ٲԡ
һߣʱ򣬵һ¾ǳŴһȥ
ѰǱҶѵģһ¾ҪԼҽ˯ûʵüζҶ˱ӣקֻԼ챧ϰˡ
ʱҲϲȥҶûкúøűӣûǺãҪѹѹǵġ
ǽ죬ȴ˸ա
һӾˣ壬ŤͷһԿȥ
Ѿ̿ˣ뿪˱Ҳ䣬ǻһС
ҹ˳żͣԧ塣
һӾͺȴѸٵ侲ŸòԼΰɡ
ƺ뽿ͬߺûˡ
ָܿож
ȥóһӣ򿪣Ƽһǡ

һʱ䣬֪Լʲô飬󵽵ǹ΢̡
ӷŵϣÿӾƼŽҶ
ԭҶץһѶ׼ûʱȥ˭֪ײ˸š
æֱС˲۾ҿ˿๫˰˰緹˽
ɲҶ˵꣬Ϳ֡
ҶһĲȥڴߣĺ󱳺࣬Цŵ۲ۣ
С˲ιԹԵͷҡͷϵʱۣڲˣ๫ô֪ۣ
ΪھǺ󱳺Щᣬ뵽챻ԼӲԺ󡭡
⻰Բ˵
ӣ۾ҶŵĶ΢΢ü
ȥЩ죬ոԼǴӵóôһŵĶô
ɵЦſҶʵõʲô
Ҷ㲻ȥˣ̵İѶݸ
ˣƼ
棬Բӡ
һ£ҶҶĵ˵ģҪЩȥ϶ú˳˲٣ϡ
һʱ䲻֪ʲô飬ҪЦϾû˵͵ԵϵģЩĪ
ϾûзŹ
֣סҶָ⣬ʵ˼֪𣿡
Ҷͷʹˡ
ʱижȴû
ӵеѾԤĶ̫࣬Եδָ
ٶ˵ʲôֻȥҶ˻
Ҷ˳㻹߬޴󰭱ʵʵſ
ܿ죬Ҷͻع
ˣ֮ǰСŪ¶ûþޡ
иӦͦȤģСʯͷŹԵúܣһҲͦõġ
ǡ
С˲ʵѾ֤Լˣ֮ǰ˲ξˣǲֹ
Ҫ˱һͷϳݿô죿


46 
عԪһ, Ҫæµ
¼, ӦԽԽ, ԭҪҩҲҺһҵ˵, Ҫٳֵɲ١
ҪͨԺ, ҪǰϽаţ֮ǰŪõҩҩ䶼Ҫƶλá
ÿҩĶǱĺ, иϰ, Ǳ涼Ǽ򵥵ɵ, ʶڲҲҪķѺһ
ȻҪҩ, Ȼݲݴ£ÿϸڶտ, ҩƹҲιǰ, ÿ춼ҪһҼ, 㱨չ
ճԹ緹Ӿ˵ƹѾ鷿үˡ
ҶŲ, Եһ, ҵȻȥ˼ǵϲ衣
ǣү
Ҷǵ뿪, קקڵôô㣿
Ҷǲȥϵ, һԴһϲͨ, Ҷȫ, ܾԼ๫ʲôãԼҲǰ״Լ̹ء
ⷽƹһû꣬˾ˡ
Ҷ͸ӣ緹ǶúóԵġ
ֻݱвˣ˵õҶڷˡ
ȻУһǳԲһǿҲǺ֡
ֶҶ˵ϲֻЩ緹
ּ˿ºͣι²ͬιʹˣúܣҲ֪֪ȤʲôʱʲôףǷЩΪ˹ؿ̰ЩҲ֪Щ
ҶͷҲ棬Ǹº͵ˣһǸˣ
ŷģ֪Ǹֱӣ䶭ǰƢҲǻ
ҶЩ棺๫ͬ˵һ˵˲ˡ
΢̣ºͣҪĺףֻҪڲȥҲˣֻܵҩ̣æʱ󲻵ãƢҲģʲǴ£Ҫľֱָӣҩ̹ܵ˵£ãǺõġ
ԴҶǰ˵ҶҲףҲͲٶ˵ת˸󵰣๫ԡ
ҶչԼüºͣÿӼѰ󵰼г롣
Ϸ˿鱦ˣһһʵôҰԣѰҶͷľǰǣġ
ҶЦӯӯĿѵŽŴŴĻش𣺡๫˵⼦ˮӪˣȻҪһ

˻һͻȻһϲ²ȥģòʽȥͿ˺ü˿ڲѹȥ
òƽҶȵЩεĵԺ˵⻰֮ǰȸһɡ
С˲βʲôֵģԭ࣬òаϢҶԡ֮󿪣֮Ūһ⣬ѶˣԼ๫ҲӦġ
ǼȻ˵˵ҲԹԼ£ȴǶشʣµİ󵰳Խȥ
ȳ԰緹׼ţҶżһ£վſ뿪ʱ䣬籧Ż͸˳ȥ
˵ʱһֱû¶̲ͷĸȣҶȻСġ
ʱҶȥתתֶ᷿飬ȴʱʱȥ԰߶ΪԶԶ鷿Լ๫ͻȻµʱԼڡ
ȥӰ£ҶҲ̫Զ뿪ͱʯѿݸһ߸ʯѿɹ̫һԼ๫
Щ֪ǽ˱˷ûţֻ»һ֪Ĺȥ
ҶҲû뵽ȥһվ鷿ϣһվ԰ĿԵʱͻȻû
ͣʵôô
Ҷգգ۾ش𣺡Щģ㡣
ʵ֪ҶΪͻȻôԼƼԼӶԼĹУ˭ﶼġ
˹ȥԼ¯ŵҶЦ⣺ҲµģﲻģԺ˵鶼ȥԺͷСң鷿ůɺã
ѰСҾ͵ģ֮Ų鷿Ҷ徲ŲȥҲΪ˳ȫԼӶԼĹ֮顣
ҶȻģͷȴ¯ַŻصУ๫ŰɣҲġ
Ҳܾ˻
ʱԶԶһӵЦ
ҶعͷƼ˷ʯͷ԰
СʯͷȻС۾ܼ⣬Ҷִһ磬ȥϣֺ
ҶԣҲЦ
ʯѿ£Ҷ߹ȥСʯͷʯͷԡŷϴкҲЦŵͷ
ʯͷûôҶƼȻЩ־ͶҶ
Ҷ۷ϣɫƽ͵İСʯͷݹҶҲֱܾӰСһ£˶ʯͷôˣ
Сʯͷ䣬ů㡣
˻һһڣʱرԼӵĻظϡ
ҶƲıã԰ʯͷøЩЦŵʯͷԣԺӽأȥЩɡ˵ţҶ̧ͷŷϡ
ɷϸմ£ЦŵǱŵˣʯͷлл
ʯͷĵлл
ʯͷԡ
ҶСرʯѿݸԼǶЦЦͱʯͷ뿪ˡ
վϣ鵭֪ʲô
СظҶĶ飬ԼﰭۣСıʯѿݾ͸Ҷֲҵ顣
ϣСʯͷյһȥġ־÷ϸ⾪ȡ
ѵֵˣģʯͷҲˣֱ꣬ܽˣǶ˳һЩʯͷɲ¡
ϱŮȻǰѶʶֿı춼
ԭѲúôԱĿ࣬ͬ⣬ҲЦ¶ͺãۼʯͷδ϶״ԪĲϡ
ҲģʯͷϾĿǰΩһĶӣ˭ܲӳأ
ſڴϿֵСʯͷ˿Լҵ¶˸õЦ


47 
һ磬ι¾͹
ȥ鷿, ûҵ, ι²ȥԺ, һԺžͱӴȥСҡ
ι½ʱƼϵļˡ
Ѱ˿Ҫ̵, ֻһּ֪, ֺֻҪӺ۾͹ˡ
ι¹, ϵ˱, ιµ, ôк£
ιƣƹû
⼸ҩ̾Ҫ¿, ҪæЩ˵ţιµ, , 㵽ʱҲȥơ
ιó֮, ҪԼ˹ȥŸ棬Ͼҩ̲Ǿ, ͵ҲǵڵĻ, Ҫ˵ƽ¶˵ȷʵǲҵġ
ιµľ˲٣֮ǰ̼ҵĵƦҲסġ
Ҫι½ˣι±ȻӦ, ЩǮ, ԼǮ˰æô붼㡣
ֻ˸ͷ, û˵, ι¾ЦӦ£֪ģҩ¿ţҾʹ˹ȥȻ֤һ˳˳ġ
Щ⣬ιƽʱΪ˾ȴģΪԼҪ˵䣬˭֪ιξȻ
¶⣬˲裬ιǴŵЦ
ʵЩӣ˽ʱ򣬻ҲбȽϵġ
ιºΪһڶҲҩ԰ģŮŮҩҲ۳ҪȻҪˡ
¶ĥţιϳɾָСۣҪζ
ιȴһֱԵøƽͣͶµĹϵദĺܺãԴҲָ㡣
˿͸ι¸ʱȻܿͨ͸һЩ
ԼҶүδȻһҵģֺαһ̲ţɲϵģвԵ鶼ȥ
ιţĳгһգߵĴ£ʲôҩ̵ģȲδڣ
뵽ιڼԼĿģ̶ӵüĿƹĺǺġ
Դ˲⣬ϴƹֱʵԼȥլӣѾ뵽һˡ
ֻһɲû׵ͷǺͲ̼ʲôԹ𣿡
ιµͷҷ֮ǰھӣʮǰʱ̼ռǵĵأһʱͼ˳𡣡
ڵҲ̼˵һɵĵ㲻ʲôǶڵ˵ǲǵأ棡
Ҳ̼ҿҵλεǵĸǵڵҲ֡
˽ѽ⣬ݣҿûתء
ԵǺϢι£ϴҪ󣬻𣿡
μ̶ӽȥƹ֮ǰ©ĿڷҪЩôιһ˵һ߿ɫ
ɵɫһιµģɵõ¾˵
ι̻صƹ˵̼ҵԸæ̶룬ԺҪŵϵӶҪǮׯƱһ
ⲻС£ι²ԥ֡
ȻǺ£ǳŵЩиǮׯƽ׸Һôںôֶ٣û˱ι¸Щδǰ̡
һ⣬ι︹̣ƹθҲǴ󣬲³ŵԼô
ɾʱȴǵҴӦˡ
ιһ㶣үҪҪٿһ£
áɫģιµֻ˵Ҫϵ⣬δ˵ģԷ񣿡
ιµͷ
ƽ̶õ֪ƹԸǣȻҪһЩôֻϵӲ£ϾǵδɲҪϵģƹҲó㣬ǸǶء
ιԣ۾һү˵
ȴûж˵ʲôЩ黹ûʼ̫ʺϸ˻˻⣺м飬Ҫȥ졣
ιվңĳүԸ
ָ˵棬֮ǰǷԼ˸ھ棿
ι»һ£ǳ죿ˣԼô߸˵үүǽǸͷġӡ˴ŷ˼ͣǸǮ˼ҡ
ȴֻǸӸ磬֮ǰֻһ֮ԵҲܿó˵Ȳ
ϵѺ׸ı䣬˺˵ȴܲͬЩžˣȻʹŹ
仰˵ϰ߱źˣΪˣһ۾ֱܷó
֮ǰ˵̯ϼ˵¶͸ڲͬ
ߵĸȻһֱһԣȴǸܵ
ڸߵļͣʱʵʵûע⣬ǹƾԷ򸾵ģ֪ԼνͷС
òһЩ
˵ƣֻǶιµЩӦþӸ˶Щùڿ⣬Ƽ˾ͻһá
ιӦ
ι뿪ԺӰӣʱ磬һȥ¯һʵӣںδ
Ӵ̽ͷүոҩ̵ĶӹˣͶ˵ء
ס˲ӡ
ϺҶϵã֪ģ˵˵Ҳ
ֻϴζϸҶ͵Ǳɫͷ׵ıܻͼʵࡣ
ĬĬķ¯ӵ˵Щ强ҲãСЩ͹ȥǵҪȺġ
С뿪
ԼүС鶼Ǵ£ɵ󲻵ã
ҶͶ˵Ļ̹ϰż軨һо
껨㶼ֻѵáϱ˵Ц仰ʵ⡣
ǸҩգƽʱЩݲҲǳ£ڲ֮ǰɵҩĻŵҶﶼܻɣȻǻϲġ
ҶЦЦзͲˣϲûȥ֮ǰ͸Һü꣬ȥҲá
ҲҶЦе
ʱСʳнҶŵ̿ȥʲô
ˮԲүԸСȺĸԤ¡Сһ˵һ߰˳
ԣɵõ޸á
ҶЦЦףҲϷһȥ
ȺˮԲԵůģС˲Ц۾
ȳ˼ţҶףӡ
Ҳ룬óӲǡ
Ҷ۾Ŷϵɫ΢΢ƫͷɫ治űǰÿˡȶϻشҶʵ輪黨ˣ
úأ죬ҰţƯζҲ㣬˵ĺܡ˵´һϲݣôͰһꣿ
ҶЦſ˿ڴӵɹ̫ʯѿݣЦŵҼҴɩĶϲСӺöϲץ
ʯѿƽʱŵĸƲţҪǻƯģֻ¾ͱˡ
С˲ˮԲݻ˻ܳЩҩԣǱˣһиĿɾ鷳ˡСӵҪϸЩá
գգ۾۾ЩĽ
һֱûкӣƫƫӻÿʣЩ˼ҶŮ˫ȫĻƢϲЩֵġ
ЩڴĿҶǺô
ҶҡҡͷŴ͸ЩϧˣˣҴɩء
Щȣô磿
ʶĶֿɲʲôʡ¶Ѱ˼ҵĺӶҪŻȥɣҪ֣ȷʵЩ
ҶҲ磬֮ǰȥƹʯͷôԲཱུСίͰ͵ĸű־ֻԼ֪ʲô˼
ҶֹۣҲã๫˵ɵʱɵģɼȻԣʯͷӦҲԡ
ϲɵøпѵܹҲĽ
С˲θϿҵĻش𣺡ǰǹϵء๫˵ʱûƤɱ飬˵ԡ
ϣ
ܾﲻԾ
ֲүͺСͷƵģԭء
ҶʲôֵģţСʯͷȻڿ̿ùˣǰѼݰҲûʲôòõϣѬѬҲǺõġ
뵽⣬ҶСص᷿Ļɡ
СӦһ뿪ˡ
ϲɵһЦǼҴߣԼǲ⣬ǰûʲôõʯѿݱĸʲôƵġס
ҶһԲͣסҲɵ˳ŶϵĿ⿴ȥ
󣬾ͿµʯѿȻϸϸģ֦Ҷչƽʱ޲ͬ
Ļ꣬Ʈ䡣
仨Ȼ˸ɾ


48 
Ҷ͵վ, ˡһ, Ҳ֪ҶѸոһԲֱ˽ȥ
ԲŴŴ, ǺóԵ, ҲúܣɤϾ鷳ˡ
ϼæȥˮҶҭ
Ҷȴû, ֱ, ȹڳŴȥ
ɲҶȥϸ۲, һƮƮҡҡ䵽˵ϡ
ʯѿݵĻǺɫģȻСʤɫޡ
ոտȥǺ޵ģǸһأʧ˹ɫ, ȥġ
Ҷ˶סˡ
ʯѿĵһҩĻ, ͬʱҲҪġ
ܽİ׺ǾĶ, ҲҶһֱϵġ
һʼҶҪס, ֻС˲ֻץסԼı๫, ദվãҶĵﻶϲ, Ըװ׵طŹܸĻᡣ
ƽʱʲô, ǹæµǼ, Ҷÿ챧ʯѿݳȥɹ̫, Լеϧ
⻨ҪͼƷ˲гЧ, С˲ͨˣ˾ǲסʯѿݡ
ϸϸϣôܿˣ
Ҷֱ䶼죬ȥָ΢ȥ
һԵĶžģȻ֪ҶΪ˿ϸʯѿݣǰɴûҶļѹʱ
ƽʱԽŮˣĵʱԽ˾ۡ
ҪȥȰʲôֲ֪˵
ɾʱȴͻȻŵҶ͵شսʯѿݣ˫˻裬ƺʲô
ܿ죬Ҷҵϸ֦Ҷ׵㡣
ССģԲԲģЩѿɫǷѾͣ
ǰ׺Ҷ϶
ǰǧʱ⣬Ȼϴ
ֻ׺ոճССһǼȻˣ㹻ҶĵģԺǡ
̰ѻ·ŵ˵ϣϴЦŤͷŶϵû¶ģ⻨ȻлˣǹӽǺ¡
ϲʯѿܲܽҲ֪СһʲôãֻҪҶ±á
ҶЦҲǣ߹ȥղſɰŻˣźСƵģǶҪҪЦƵģ仰˵һᡣ
Ҷ߬Ŷϵ֣ЦüۣҸղֻˣҲŵˣٳԲɡ
ЦǷˣҶûʲôǳԵ㶫˵ġ
˵Ц䲢û֣СѾװż黨ӱ˽ȥң˶ķ˴Աߵıϡ
ʱҶҪԲԲô÷ˣҶԻӣСرʣµԲŽʳСȥСһȡ
һȥģ˸ոհѼ黨ˡ
ҶǺͶԲԣһߵһߵٹձҩ¿ŵӣʱҪ
С˲˵¶ģ˵Щ棺͵̿ʲôͬ𣿡
ʵûʲôͬ
ӿŵ̶࣬űڣͭǮʨϴҶӦѾһˡ
ֻǶǳҪҶȥģϾҩ̿ţǶû˿࣬ϱ̶࣬һЩ̻һ˵˵Ȥ͵ˡ
Ҷգգ۾ֱֱĿȥ
ԥһ£̹ϵĵͷţȥҳġ
ҶȻ֪Լȥô͸Ƕ˵ֱףҶϲıƭԼһ๫˵һģҪȥҲá
ЦĳҶл
Ҷ£ʵ¶๫˵û
Ѿã֮ǰȥҲûд󰭣ɫתů֦ѿȻǴȴѾů⣬ҪȥҲǿԵġ
ϸҶҶڣȴҶ˵ġ
ҶүСģСүȥȥҹܣҼ๫ȥʾˡ
ţзأȻ޸ʱȥһô
Ҷ˵ĽҲ֪ЦЦ˵ʲôоϰŵĻݡ
ʱѾҲ軨뿪ˡ
ţҶȥ£Ͽտյģɵõ¯أ
üºͣҲůЩûá
Ҷ߬ס˵֣оָ΢䣬ɵҡҡŵĺãůůҲǺõġ
оŮȵģͷӦ£ӵģ´ζȻǵá
ҶЦǰ£ѷʳůŵĴȡˮԲóԣҾ͸һ롣
˹ûԣȵˮԲʹˮĥ棬ͺҺڣټӹ۲𡣡
ҶոѾԹˣȻ֪ʲôڶġ
ϲ˵ЩÿζýζֻԲҲź๫ôʲô֪ء
ЦЦûشֻȡһԲ͵Ҷߡ
ҶˣЦüۡ
һһķһԲ˵ϵ˭ԵøЩܹһԣһι˳ԣȤˡ
֪ǲΪʯѿݿʼҶһ鶼ȵϣ׼ǰҶھǰŷ٣๫˵ҩҪˣȥҪͬȥ
ǰ뿿ڴͷһ飬Ҳ֪ûȥ
Ͼ۾һֱԼӵıӰʵĿ顣
ҶĻصҪȥĻСرǣҪϾÿ궬ʱӶЩǡ
Ҷһ֪Ҫ˵ЩҪҪĻ
ǰ˱ˣ¶С˲õľЩ
ӣߵ˴ߣһס졣
ЩȵҶһĶ˵Ǹֶ˵ģʱи˵£ڣȻҪúúõġ
ʵϰ˱ԼҲʱʱ̿׼ԼпһغĽ֡
ȻҲôץϵ飬ΪģԼиãýҲ
ҶĻֻůġ
һ̾Ѿͬ£ϤƫƫҶ˵Ļ
ҡ
סҶףƽãڣ᲻á
ҶЦҲѧӣ֣¡
¶ҶʲôƫһܱŪú˶⡣
ҲǶԷһ֪ģοϲǰˣ΢һþ˻
΢΢ֱֱסҶ᣺Ъˡ
ҶȻȻİַ˵Ժ󣬵ͷ
Ƽ΢Ķ⣬ɵһ㶣๫ȣҶҡҡͷӦð̿Ϩˣôȡ
˼һҲȣ䡣
Ҷһ쿪첲£ڻƺͲƵġ
ɲҶͻȻɿ
С˲΢΢ƫͷĿ˾Ҫ˵
ͷáⲻ˵ô
һ̣ƼҶȥһԵĻľš
һֱҶİӶʱ˶ЩӦ
С˲ıѹʵʵЦӯӯ䲻䣿
ٸԼһæˡ
ҶİѹӹϣЬϵıɽڲ࣬һԵĽϣɵĲߣĵ๫˯ɡ
˵꣬Ҷͱ۾˯ȥ
ֻȵĳȴһֻʱ򣬾Ҷ˯˲Сİѱƿ
ֻƱӵʱ򣬽֮ͻȻŵһ㡣
ʲôôζǺš
ܿû˼ȥĻݲݣЩεҶ֮ǰǵ˼ͱɨ˸ɾֻţƣ˶ţ֪Ҳ˵ѹȻҪã˳ϲҡ
ڱӵʱҶ۾
С˲ε۾峺ƵʱûɵЩ˵Ѻ顣
Ҷȴ๫ֲˣ
һʱץӣҲǣҲǡ
ҶҲ˸Ƿקô˯
ɵһ£ѡʵʵ˵֮ǰЩ顣
Ҷգգ۾ʲô飿
ϴθҿͼ׶Իǲԡ
Ҷ⻰֪˵Ǳܻͼ
ԻǲԣǶ֪С˲ٵʱҲó˵֮
Ĵ˸ǷҶ̧ۿ˿֣һק
Ӧ͸оиȵӼԼ
󣬶ǴŴԣ֪ˡ
ȵ꽥ЪҶ˯ȥıԼҽš
Ȼ˵ʵõġ


49 
ҩ̿ŵ, Ҷ˸硣
, ΪܺԼ´, ƫƫҶķ, Ҳ͸Ŵ
๫˯ɡҶȴҪϡ
ƽʱ˳ɵ˳ҶҲק, ĥһ²Ż
ֻǽղͬ, վ, Ů˶ͷһ£㲻Ҫȥҩ̿ЩҲð»ü
ҶԣЦе´򣬶ɿȥˮ, 㲻Ҫȥ, , ҪϸЩ
ͷӦ, ȥȡ°ȥ
Ȼ˿ʽǵ峿Ч, ԼԺӣܰҶʵʵ, ôųȥġ
Сˮ, С׼, ҶʱѾ¶Ⱥʵˮˡ
Ҷ, СЦеæ, ȥԵ㶫
СӦһҶˮ˹ȥȴ̻صС׼ȥԷ
ҶǺһϴϣԼ˷٣Σ͹ԹԵϣ
˻üʯһֻҶ°΢΢̧רעĸ軭ü
ҶǰǱ۾Լ۾ŻˣѾǼ죬Ҷ
ϲԼģС˲֪ҶҲͦϲġ
רʱǿ˻ǻüרĵʱ򣬺ÿúܡ
оҶԼƣɵһ٣ϴЦ￴ʲôأ
Ҷûжüëˣֻ촽˶㡣
ָ軭һߣƵģʲôˣ
๫۾ÿᷢƵġ
֪ҶǿأɻЦŶè۾ŷء
ԭֻһЦԣƫƫҶشĸ棺èûÿġ
С˲ηģ˵èˣԼô͵ľ֣ҲˣԼ๫ÿġ
뵽ҶɵһЦ
˻üʯڶſһһҶһЦü䣬Щ겻ˡ
ЩЦоָвֶ£Цʲô
ҶͷģЦŵܼ޸á
ԣɵ΢΢£סͷҶȢ㣬á
һʱ䣬ӶЦ罺ᣬſڵСؽҲҲǣֱֻܺͬͦͦĴӶһۣĬľȲȥ
һǣ̻˵ƢõĶүֻҪСڵˡ
ԼҶүڶǰ˳Դ˿ɴû˼Сػͺ˵Ĵ󹫼ء
ֻпʱ򶫼̫Ҳͦ˾ġ
ð緹Ҷ׼Сȥҩ̡
û˵ȥǲȥֻҶõȥȻ˸š
ҶϳʱͶ˳򣺡ȥȻͻŽ๫
СԣСʵ̣үû˵Ҫô죿үٳҪúҳġ
гһ˱ˣѰҲģԼҵĵһЩԱҲڱΣ๫ӲҪġҶ˵꣬ŷСص˳
ȻҶ˻СҲͰ
Ͼү̵Ļ
Сŵʳ׼ȺһĴСƤڽʵ̫©Ⱦȹȴĺܡ
ҶһСζζɵʵʲô⣿
Сؽ˹Цеػص¿⣬Ժӵһ飬үԸһڶԤ£µϻȥ̹ӳԡ
Ҷһͷһ
ȵҩ̵ʱ򣬻ûżʱԺѾ˲֡
̻ҾѾ絽ˣϱǸģЩ˵ˮ
Ҷˣϼæӭȥ
Ҷһͱס֣Ҷ̧ͷɵЦĸƯ
˭ϲ䣬οҶǸ߲˵ѵƢЦޣ¿ţЩҲϲ
⻰ϵʱҲͬҶ˵С˲ѡһɫѣͶĺĵ䡣
˽լʱƼѾ˲ˡ
󲿷ҶʶҲȥ˭кΪһ·Ǳͬ˵
լ֮ĽŷҵĹϵġ
ǣ಻ǿڶϵӣҩҩ̡
ڼǰһûôӣһԾΪε̻˵Ҿ̼Ҫռϵİڽɽ˵ҩ̣Ȼ̵ߵĵ棬Ͳһֱʡ
Ǯׯľ˺ʾõζʮԣȻ
ҶûʱǾ֪ҶɵҪ
ȻҶɵǲǲʣ̣ΣȻҪǢЩ²һҲҪԵܱȶ˺á
Ҷû¶ѾһͶŵһЦ
ҶӺÿǸҶױƯ
ĿˣǴʶġ
һԵĶϻİҶϲ˶չҶǸڣûʲôҪԼ๫ҪŬ˽̸ĸҲһֱҪʲôúˣҶҲ͵Ǹ֡
ƫһܽòŴϾѡģȻǴŹһ۾Ƶüĳ
Щ̻ķҲʶ࣬Ҷ˷Ǹ߿һۣЦҲв١
Ҷµʱ򣬷Ǹˡ
㣿ҶЩȵĿˣǵ˾ǵ̯ǰǸӵӡ
Цſˣּˡ
Ҷһߣǳ¿ϼҩ̵ϰ
ڳ￪ҩѰǷǸ󣬻ڶʿǳ̵ѣǶͨնԣܳǷӵĶǳˡ
ҩ̿ţϹأȻЦӭ
ҶЦЦҽǡ
ͷСֻᣬһɡ
ѰͷһͽСֵĲ࣬ĽύҶҲЩһȥľͻ֡
Ͻ˼ңҪæ鲻٣û취Ҷš
С˲Ҳ飬ͬ˵˼仰Цȥкˡ
ҶרעϵĵģƵķŽС
ԵרעоʹЦ⡣
Сھг󣬴ֹʱǵة࣬ˣǶүǴլͽǸԺĺլǷʤ
ϴϻۣҲߣܰڶߵλáͬģҲһ˫˵۾ȻҶ̸࣬ҲóǸûʲô۵ġ
֮ǰԼү˰ӣƵóǸƵġ
Խ˼ϸܵˣԽϲ˼ͨ͸ദϱˡ
Ҷ˱裬ݹȥһԸŵѾߵԲ۾
Լ˸ү裬ʱ¶
ȴûʲôҶЦⷢÿúܡ
Ѱլ˽λ嵱ɿס
С˲ȴЩûʲôо๫͵ģ۹ġ
ɵ⿴˿
֮ΪҪתת⣬Ϊ֪ǰĽҶƽֵá
ҶƽǸдŵģĸة׿˵Ҷƽսͣ˴δĽмӣѾƽǨ·
֮ԱɵϽʵǻԼӳʣŰ˸Եĸѡ
λЩȻϣΪȴò
ǳһ˼ɢүԸ߱¡
ҪгһճҪȥλҲҪΪϸϸ
ȻҶƽĸѡٲҪһЩô£סġ
֮ǰҶҵַڴԼСã㶼ϽʵĿĺô
ֻϵõϢҶǱϲ̧ҵģӱȻù
ţôǲùأ
ҶһľûˣϾҪ̸ΪǴҪģȻҲóԣԺЩҭ
ҳȺĵĳϰˣ͵ĳЩӲȷʵЩϰߡ
͵С˲Ӳ˲֣յһڣȻȻԼϣҲϵ˱²衣
ʱ˶ҶЦ˳öױҲƯԶɽüļá
ױ룬ҲҶüëúãҲŮӣԣʵʲôģ컹죿
Ҷգգ۾ЦŵõʲôҲ֪๫һüģȥ
һʱ䣬˶Ĭһ˲
ǼҶ˼ҷ޺гԼҲûʲôϵֻﶼиȵ˼Լ๫˼ŻȥҪǺú˵һ
û˵ֻǾãԲɾš
үûһü
ʱǰԺλ̻֪ԼֹԼЦŻʺȥպг
ʱ洫
ҩƹߵſڣ۾Ƽһĸߴǣ
źƣǰһ֣׳ʿ˵ģ
Ҷƽһ֣ǳϼҩ̵ĻѰҼˡ


50 
Ϊ˷, ֻҲˡ
ҶƽȻǸƽͷ, Ѱտû׳ģüŵ÷һӦ߲ơ
֮ǰ̿ŵʱ, еƦ, Ҳ¶ġ
Ҳ˵ֻ΢΢Ĭ׼кι´ǰϸϸʡ
ʱ򣬶ϴӺóҪԼ๫ҶƽֵĻ
ϱǰ, ЦſǺˣ
ʵҶƽҪȥԼС, ֻҪ˵ǶҵĴ˸ˣҶҶҲ˳÷, Ȼǣ, ƽĻصҼҡϰ, , Ҽϰ岻ģҹơ
һ֪ȷʵϼҩ̵ˣʹ˸ɫ
ᣬЦҶƽֽȥ
Ǹһ¾ͻص˺á
ոҶ, Ƽ˽
ҶŲյ̧ͷһۣϳͷ֮ǰǰ, Ǹһˮ̵Ů, ɴ, ȥ硣
֮ǰ棬ȻҶԼ֪ԼϴС˲ҲóԼŵĹϵá
ʶϽҶֻûûҲû˵
ҲûȥӭҶЦŵҲʲô˶ҪȥʺģЩŲϺţҲ󣬵Ȼȥʺһˡ
ҶûעϵļҵΣֻŮˣʵΪ棿
ƳһۣӵסͣĶϱǮϣòҲҪϸɴ±ȥ
Ҷգգ۾ɵú棺жÿ
ȴǮϣǴһҶϣ
ҶޣҲԼ⻰Ҳǹά
һС˲ξ͸ˣȻˣʲô
룺ע⣿
ֻͼǡǡ෴ᣬԵУԽѰԽ˹ע˶ڣƫɴ棬ԼעĿֻ˼±Ʋò˫ء
Ҷԣ΢΢ƫͷɴ˵Ұ
ڴһЦû˵תҶ˻ݲݡ
һߣҲڰĥ
ϱǮǸߵģƫҾһ㣬ʲϸ֦ŴմպϺϵļ޸ϵĶӡ
ƫƫǮϻҪǰյҹ뵯٣˻С˵Щɫ˵̬Ĳǰ׾أžӦ
ϼǾ̵ģ㲻ôĲҵҲиӪԭȢǮϾΪԵŮŴϻЩʶĶ֣ܰϼæ
˭뵽ǮɴĶſ֦ᣬܼһһǴɥ˼ҾͼɻЩ
ǴС㣬Ǹ˼ңʲôʲôмｿţҪʲôʲôȻû˹㡣
ǹϷССС׬ǮҲǿŬģĶĲʳ˼̻ĳƢ
ƫǮϻдʣ˵ʲôԸմȾͭʡմȾ˱ʴס
ϲˣûͭѺֽĶģ𣡺ԼȢ˸ؼҰɡ
ϵĶϲǲ˵ܶʲô鶼ǮϣΪϱûٺϱϾ۶ӣ״Ҳֻˡ
ǮҲĸĲŮһֻΪװӣ˲մĻ͵аˡ
ֳܳɵģǮϲŲӸæء
ֻĵԼòһֱû˱ȵεҩǰǮϴƯΣ˺ÿѣǴѹȺ˼ġ
֪ԼҶϱôģֻҪӻؼȥ
˺Ǯһ۾ƼҶϡ
òǸ䣬Ǹ£ԼȻȲˡ
ԭŵժϸɴΧ̾ЧҲˣǮϾȻᣬߵ̫Ѩͻͻֱ
ƫƫΧֵ˼ûޣǮϳݣ԰Աߵϣڼ޿ˣҶۣ
ǮϾί˵ίôһԽܡ
ƫԼҶӾġ
ϵĴӾǰ̻˵֪ԼʰֻҪԼƽ׵ñȥֻܱİգ֪ҪûҪôԼôƼҪ۵ġ
ǮίϣСֻ
ʲô˼ұÿ
˼һ᳤ʲôãûˣɵͷ˰ɡ
ô룬ǮȴɺôҶʲôҶɹʱִУǲҪˣٺÿҲҪѸԽ˵Խģر뵽ǰϸԼԽѼӲ
Ǯһ㶣ϾȻЦģ
ƭ㲻ɡҲųô˻ôһԼҶϱԺֻҪԴɺãӶǣɿȫȫӰ޲֣֪жãֺαһʱ֮
ǮͷΪЦƺ˹òԼ̹Ƶġ
ƽϱ·뿪ȴ֪ҶƽְǵĻ˸ȫ
Ҷ۾߬ȭͷҧĺۡ
ϱûʲô˿أǵȥҲû̫ע
ž뼪ʱһʱ䣬Ͼµĵġ
Ⱥĺ춹ɳõĺ춹˵˶ƤֻĶɳϸϸɰǣѩ׵ŴӺͶĹ׺Уȥ㣬ůˡ
˶ţȷʵ׬˲ǮĶԼҶ̫óԣȴóдˡ
Ҷûô࣬Ҳⶫжʡ
ϳ˼ֻһ볢ʺˡ
Ҳֻ죬۾ԼӰɵҶ
Ҷ룬ҲŷӣЦŵ¿ԸҳȥߣͷãҲܺ˵ļ黨ʲôģء
Ҷԣ˶ϣһȥ𣿡
ЦŵȥɣæҾȥѰǡ
ҶЦŵͷСͬһȥ˺԰ӡ
ϴΪ˼黨ֻΪ˸Ҷƽ顣
ƼҶƽֵʱϾͶ˽Ų
ҶЩȵĿ磬ô
֮ǰ̯ǰʱҶûҶƽֵģȻ֪ǳʺϵĻҶƽҲİԼСóͷûеֻǶ΢΢֣ˣСÿɷһ˵
ϵͷˣȻû⣬ԹԵߵһȥˡ
ҶҶƽ֣ڣҶƽֵ⼸ˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ɵðͷȥƼҶƽֻĿᣬϧĿԼ
С˲κٿޣ֮ǰΪżʱ޹һ⣬ʱ̫ᣬϾÿӶûʲôÿ޵ġ
Ҷƽһ˳߸ߵĺӾȻ˵޾ͿޣҶЩ޴롣
æӵ˹ȥҲ࣬ģҵӿɺùˡĪޣϸ۾
Ů˵ģŹУȴҶƽԽ
ôս϶Ե˵۾ˣֵǮʱܶȥ
˭ŹԼһأ
ҲԼСܽԼƫƫԼ֮ǰûаźһĶܸˣ˴࣬˴
ѾҶԲɶСײ˵ҶƽԽƣȴֹסˡ
ͲǶŮ鳤ƢողһʱԴд档
᲻ҶӣҶƽָֻĨĨ۾ضҶ㲻ңСҲǸƷϽȲĹ٣ҲǳԳ͢ٺ»ģֻҪ룬ұȻǿ㡣
룿
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ʶҡͷ磬Ҳ롣
ƫƫҶƽΪ϶ҶӲù̽һȦй󣬸Դ˺üҶп
ҶĻҶƽšСþ᲻ҲġȰӲ˾֪飬ҶǸ˶Ǵ粻Ӻ㣬Ը⣬ұȻչһһŻŮҲ㡣
ʲôŮҶҶƽˡ
ĹԼǹĵеᡣ
Ҫ˵С˲βϲģ˵ĻӲˮ
ͷҶƽ֣ҲһĻش磬˵Ļģûƭ㡣๫ȻǰӲãѾˡŶҺã๫ҲֵܺĲί
Ҷƽԣû˵ֻǿ
Ҷţᶨֻһ㣺Ҳ룬Ҫ๫һһ
С˲εƫЩŴ仰ȴ˵࣬ҲҡҶƽԭƶͷ
ʱһֱҿڴǵСԶԶؿӶԼ֡
æǰҶ̣үˡ
Ҷԣ˳ƵģЦҶƽֵ磬๫˵ɣ˵е˵Ȼ˵
ʵҶƽ˵˾Ѿ𾪣ϾĴԣѾղಡ齣ƺʱضҪ徣
˼Ϣĳˣ
ҶСһ·СܵȥſڣҶƽּæ󲽸Ǻ档
˵Ҳ˲Сľȡ
ҶƽģҲ֪ټһֱҲˣӵĹǰ죬Ҳš
йҥ˵Ҫ˵ĿɷֹСҹ䡣
ò˶ȥϡ棬ɵʲôģ
ԭĸҲһۣĬĵϣ۰Ͱ͵ơ
Ҷܵſʱͣ¡
Ӹæǰȥ˰ʣӣȥȴ浭˵˾䣺á
ͺû˲ʹеɳ˺ȥʯȪɾ
ʱΧͻȻһ˲ҶƽҲͻȻס˲ӣ㶵Լı÷
վüĿʣɫٷǰ


51 
Ҷƽ, ܶǸʲôģˡ
˵˵Ŀ, ˵˸ι״з, ֮ܶ, Ǹˡ
ֻҶƽҲһȻûһʼģˡ
ģһֱҩҲģҶƽĬӦǸСݸɵĲ
ԼӸһԵ˹, ϢҶ, û׼ҶȥҶƽԭʹԼȥ̸, ǩ˺, ҲӦ˻Сߵġ
, ֵ˲䣬Ͱ֮ǰл붼˸һɶ
ò˵ȻʹŲȴû󳤸, žͦ, ҶһμʱʱڵС˲ζ˲
С˲úܺãȦҲ˯˻ȥ, Ȼȳ˲԰Щ, Ѿû֮ɫ
ÿ, ÿ˸˵ĸоܹǲͬġ
ǰɫʱĳĬԱɫЩƵóٿʣ㰲˾ͳ˳ȵ
ü䵭⣬˾
ڸпһҶò˰󣬾죺
˭˵ҪˣĶҪ˵ˣ
˵˼ֹСҹ䣬˰ɣģŻס˭
˵֮ǰΪ˸һ£˵˲˼ң˼ҶʣűһũŮţ治֪ôģųưֻ֪ްŮŵӿȥ
³ʱŵĽа۴¶ѵ˺ص¸Ǻεȷʡ
ȴֺˣֻһ۾ѰԼҽ
ôԼǲںģϾڿԼͱ߶ˣϵڡ
ӡ
ɲ֪ԼС˲ôԼģ֪Ȣ˽֮ת
Ϊ︣ΪʲôԵɣ֮׼Ҷоˡ
ոȥҶΪЩ
ʵҶͷһ֮ǰȥҶϣǺȥƣҶǴСؾߣȫҪ˵ǡ
Ȼÿζϣϣ·г򿴹ˣ˵طжϣҲܣϾʱʱ̿Ҫӣƽ׵ɡ
ڶγңϴҶţ·ộԼһˣͬǵϵ·ȴô
ԽԽģҶԲããദá
ⲻûطӸϽȥӻ˵ҶúõģǵһʱҪԼӡ
ҩſڣҶѾȺ
Ҷƽ㱼Լ֮ǰǼģֻһʱ벻񣬱ûע⵽ԼѾСܶȥ
Ҷźɫ磬һȦɫëʱһһģſ˵ĺܡ
ʶſֱۣס˳Լ˹ҶЩζ
С˲λԼ๫ѸٵסΣͷ๫ôûñӣ
ϴʱ򣬿Ǹʰĺúõģʵʵܲ͸磬ȴûǶƤñӡ
һ⻰۽һ
ñǼõģЩЩԺ󣬳۾ͣԵʲôˡ
һֱԼүģӺûǲãǰʹ֮лܼǿֻǴЩ£ܾӪ֮󣬴Щ
ΣӶһëе֡
Ǹҩ̵ķģǰΧɿëޣҪʵ䷴
ԣɵԼҽķµģů˲٣Ҳû磬΢ɿЩ
ˣЩҶǻģǻҪЩ
ַԼţҶǱȥĪҪ浢飬׼˺춹ɳů˵ģ֪㲻𣬿ҪһЩůůӡ
ԣ΢̣Ʊѩڣãġ
ҶҲû߶ڼˣֻҪϵҪҶͲ
ϸϸСأչҶɿַҶ뿪ȥƹҲȥףҩ̿ҵ̻ǡ
ҶȥʱûҶƽ֣Щɻ󣬲ܿϣͬһݡ
ѾǸոյƽַǷ
ոҶ˵ʱҲƼˡ
÷ʣ봫ԲһⲢǶ⡣
ٺÿҲǱ˼ҵ๫ԼûʲôɣǶ˸̸ʣ֤һ´ԲɾŰˡ
ĺǻҶոÿջü֮˵ģЩլġ
һҶ֮޲ھѧˣȥҲܰԼǸȢС๫ʰķ
Ƴǵ˼ǿ֮ǰһһҵҶ£˵ŻۻݣʵΪ˶ס˵죬ǲҪҶ
ĸǴ֪֪ȤȻ棬Ҳʣûͻָ֮ǰա
УǮϵ۾һֱֱ⿴һģ˶Ĳ۵ûš
ʵҲеգϾӲõϴ꣬ļɣǸɾϷҲġ
ΪԼȻϣɵڶŮʤһġ
˭뵽ҲȲˣȻơ
ٱҲûʧ̬ԼĶϱǮϣǳƵ⿴üѶû˵Ļ
ʵûޣǮһѲǮϻ
ǮϱۣۿתյȴΪһ
ֹеʱ֪ҶҪ׵ģʱ˶˵ɷΣǮϵȻƲϣοʱ˶˵˳ϲǮĸôǳϲӣ
ʵǮͬ뷨˲٣Ҳпã˹ĺù⾰˳һҶչ˵úãǸͻϱ
˵ڣû˺ڵġ
ϾʱĲĿˣ˭ϸż޸صˣ
˼иҶˣԼֻ͵˹Ѹ
ǮϲһߣƫС˾Ӧ;Լ˿
ĶǣǵʱӦҵ£ǸӲԼ๫ˣ
ԽԽίĵʪϵıɴ
ϲ֪ԼҶϱ˻գȴҲ޵û˸ӣΧ˶Ц޷ֻܾǮ뿪ȥԺٲһڡ
ĵطҶԶС˲οûֻ²ͬϵҪں濪ҩĻ԰ӣõúܣʱƣҪЩõĲǡ
ȻӦ㲻˵Ҳģʲôʲôˡ
Цŵ֮ǰҲһһ׼֪Ǻø
ʱ򣬾
쵽ʱͷıںʨ׼ˣһȥɡ
õĸҲ׷վ˴׼Ƹ֣Ҳմմϲ
ǰ棬ڸ̻֮Ҳദãƾµḷ̌㹻˹̸ˡ
ڵȼʱȴûǸ֡
Ȼ㲻÷紵͵ˣǵ׻ĺܣѬζһűò㿪ȥ˺Ժӡ
һȥԺƼվĸߴˡ
סŲ˸ӵɵһЦƽںãģ
ҶƽԲɵü⣺ʶң
֮ǰڲͷҲֱ˵֮ϵʱǼ˵ġ
ҶƽҲֻǵʱʵͲҹɫΪһ壬Ҳѹոϲ
ҶƽȴҶģרҸҹ롣
ɫ䣬ֻ۵һĨɫһ
Ҷƽǽŵ˵Ҫһһ


52 
һ£ü, ΢̡
˵, ҶƽҶֳȻҪ, ֻǴۿһҶƽֱ֪Ǹͨ, Ǹȸˡ
֪ҶɲǺ, һӶ͸ˣҶܻ, Ǹ˵, ϾԼҽ, ԺԼΣﶼϸǺ¡
ֻҶƽһҪǺ, һ˲Ķȥ
֮ǰҶڲ˵׮·Ըʱ, ֻо, Ҳб, ȴû˿ŭ
ǽļϵˣỤŵġ
Ҷƽ˵һӦôܶס, ת˲֮䷽˺ü
Ҷƽֽ˺һ, Ѿ䵭ͬƼ, ת硣
ϲ֮, üҲЩΣֲͽá
Ҷƽԣһʵ˻⣿
ҲֻǳǳЦ˵һһģˡ
Ҷƽһ⻰Ҳһ㶡
뵽ڲҶǴδҲ֪ǰ÷ʱǱųһ亹
˸ոǰ£һҶǳȲ٣֪Ҷзᡣ
˼ˣҶƽҲɵǡ
ʵҶȻû˸ʱĲŭǲç֮ǰĲĴԣԲɾţҶֶ֣ҲûʲôҶ롣
վҶƽһеĳ㶼ϧҶֺԿ
ڿǱã壬ҶǳȻûҪǵȰԧĶˡ
Ҷƽֺܿñ飬Цɢȥָģ
״֪Ȼû˲ɢԼͽĴ㣬ҶƽΪˣôһԼҲ⡣
ϾԭҶҺ㲻ŵԣ൱ûҳ
ҶƽֹʹԲҶƽݼΣȴóͬնȻҪԼ˵˵֪ҶҲġ
Ҷһ˫Ŀ뿪꣬СõĽ֪֮٣֪÷ûʱͬ˵˵
ҲҪһҶƽ˵˵ȻӦãȥѰһ徻ط̸̸ǡ˵ţŤͷӵø
ԭȥģĻվԭأĿҶƽֺһԶ
ԭվһŤͷźȥ
ʱõķѾ˴룬µĶǺҩģ׼ŻͶ϶˵һ˵
˭ƵóҩǷ⼫ˣƾҵϳһңԼԺҪչ⣬Ҫ̸òʱ
Ϲ߳ǲմǰ⣬ϵǽֻҩĽ¶
Ͼҩ԰ӵĹǶϵĵЩҲ㷽㡣
ֻЩ֮Ľˣլ˼ͨ˶Լҷ⣬Ȼá
ЩȴסҶϡ
Ϊ֮𣬼ʹоУվû뵱̻ӣתתǲİˡ
Ҷ˵ڷͷΪӣ˰ͽأȻҪҶȥЩơ
ֻǽյǶϣʶϻæµһЩԵҶˡ
һСҺңһģݸһԵҶ
ҶЩ棺ֺɣôİÿζ
ϵһЦӲ֣ɶѣʱӹȤҲĥЩ飬ȻЩˡ
пյʱ̽ҰɡҶѺһ룬һ룬Լһ룬Ž
ȴûгԣҶЦʵҵǺ棬ƽʱദⷬɪģ
ҶգգۣƺĻһ£Եúã˯úã๫ҲˣӵȻͺù
⻰Ҷ˵ʵ⣬ϾС˲һֱæŵľʲôϳʲôȻúҩĻǣÿԼ๫β
һֱҶŵ飬ԵģҲԼʲôϡġ
⻰϶ȴЩȡ
С˲Щֵؿ𣿡
ҡͷӲ˲£ǸոճԵĺ춹ɳůЩеûš
Ҷ¶˸ЦҪ˵ƽʱ飬ʵ˲æ
ϸոӦЩǣò׻Ȳ购˵ԼЦ˵ʲôأǱ˵һҿǲġ
С˲Цƫͷ˵֮ǰҵĶǰ˴æҲܴʱ䣬ﲻ˵𣬵ҲһЩƽʱҲЩ
⻰˵Ķһ㶡
ԼĶ
ŽĵĶ
ϵһʱ뵽ԼǰǱ桷
ͦȤģҲŽģڷȤҲаǡ
ҲɵһǸ˵ġ
ҶЩȣֻ˴һƬҩĻЩֵͦģҲð
ԭ˵
ԼյЩ߰㣬ǴЦ˵ҩĻЩұҪ͸ĿˣϲȻȥһЩóɻġȻûЩ¼ĵĲãǶ棬һ¾͵Ȥˡ
Цŵͷл£СͷҺˡ
ʱҶƼ߽ӡ
ֻӴǸߵģһˣҶӹʵһ๫أ
ʵش𣺡ոүںͷ˸׳ˣ˵Ƕ̵ĸ磬ү˵Ҫ̸Ҹš
Ҷһ֪ҶƽֺˣС˲ԴԱһҶƽֺʱͼˡ
ɲ֪ҶƽѾϿС˲ӶǸղԼҴ˵ʱļԼҶƽǸ׳ģ
Լ๫ﶼãӵûȫʱ
ԼҴԼò٣ҪһԲֳʲôȻ£๫ҪԴ
ҶæȥȥƣҪ²źá
̣үҸš
ţȥ
һ㶣ݾһʲô¶
ǿҶô˵Ťͷܡ
վү̵ģүͦˣҪǲ̵Ļү֪˲Żˡ
Ӹܳȥûһȥ
Ҷæôֻˣ
ͷָָү̵ģ˵ɫ磬Ҳûȥˣͷء
ϿóҶʱҲǲ磬վͲˣȹȥ㡣
ûȴҲվҶġ
Ҷ϶Ľ̵˺úõĵŲĴҴҵ뿪
ҶıӰЦķޣʵǲࡣ
ϵ˵ͷϴЦݣǰ㴿ƵĹҲǲˣá
Ҷ˺þһ·СܣСضеϡ
ƼǰҶ˷ֱӳųȥӾ˽ȥ
ȿúõʱ˿
ܵļ٣ͷ˺æóúôżǳ˷Ǻá
ҶֱһᣬĴϣĻصе㵣ģǺ˵ʲô
ԣЦſ˿۳ڲ࣬ȵн£סҶԺҪչ㣬ԵĲ˵ЩĽİɣ˵ĶǺûҼҽﵱȻҪúõĿ䡣
Ҷ¶Цֿסţ๫
֮ǰԼʹ棬˵ҲţԼ๫ͷһ˵˴粻˵ЩĻ
˽ֱۡ
ôõ๫ŲҪ롣
С˲εҲãҸͬ˵һѣţ๫һ˵ˡ
ͷŮ˹Ķͷ۾Ȼ˵ҪҹһһҾ͸ԣ룬һỤһΥģزݡ
ȻҶǰҲԵҪ
ɵֱӣֳ˵ȣúͬ˵ˣΪʲôҪôصģ
һ˫Ŀ˵ģһҾҪһŹƽ
ҶһЦͷס֡
˶ԣЩԣҪζһӵġ
Ƕ˵ʵʵ˵ʱ˵ȴû̫пҲҪرĸж
ܿ˵һ׮飺֮ǰһ£ԼĪȳҪȥʵˣԭͬ˵żȻҵ飬Ҳ֪źá
Ҷʵ£
Ҷ޷˵ּҡ


53 
Ѱ˼ǲּҵģ, ֵ˸иǰ, ϻڣҾͲֿ
Ƿּ, ȻҪȥŹĵ, ˡ
˭ŷּҵ˭ͻᱻ˴, Тͷժˡ
ҶҲͬĸ, ֻͯ, , ȫҶŵܵòûбȥ
ǷּңûгףֻҪȥǩ˽, ӴԺĻɱˡ
ҶƽһֱҶҶҲȥ, Ȼ
µҶƽֶûи߹, 񵽵Ǻιְ, ǹƾѾ˹Ѿƽͷղ֪٣ȻҶƽ˵ҪּңҶȻûоܾĿܡ
£Ҷ, °˹, ƽ˵, ַּҵֵܶ˵, ѾޣҶʲô㶼ûʲôϵֻ翴㣬·ּҲҪָһݡ
Ҷ˵£ԼůţȻˣҪ־ͷ֣ûҵûôҪ
С˲ǿġ
ȻˣҶ͸̿ѧѧд֣鷿ͻһĺڿ졣
Уб䣬˵
˸ǷҶؿڵЩ鱾ǴԼҲںǷֲּңֿҲãʡۡ
⻰Щ⣺Ե뵽Щ
ҶĻصҲ֪֪ǺˣҺãɩǺˣҲãƶԴҲãǷֿǺ𣿡
ԣ۾ҶЩ΢΢ǣţ˵ԡԭ׼õĻȴû˵
ʵոڵҶʱ׼˵Ļġ
԰ڶﲻԼӣҶƽҲ׼ͬ˵Ҷ֪ʱ򣬹ƼѾˡ
ֻԴҶûйκ֮ԳϣҴŵҪ¡
ϣҶͬ⡣
ҶųĬҶɩҶˣǱǸ˵ƤǵģƲɾΪá
⣬ĥһѵ˭֪ҶӦô򵥸ɴ࣬Լ˵ĵ˭ǿ
Ǹ
£סҶָ⣬ӣҶЩҲٸһЩỺ˯ɣȵҽ㡣
Ҷһ۾
ְܿ۾๫Ҷˡ
׼ѾˣⶫʹǳҪֶǣ˯һ˯ȵ˼Ҿ̹ܳˡ
С˲ż֮ǰС˵ģҪ¿ԣЦüۣĵıûþ˯ˡ
Ц
ˣҪּҿҪĺþãﻹ˯̤ʵ
ƫҶ˼϶˵鲻ᶯҡںĲ⣬Խǵ˾Խģˡ
ͣʱҶڳͣ˲˹
۾ô
ͷˡ
Ҷÿ⿴˿ŤͷЦ๫ߣԷˡ
΢һ£ȴᡰ˻һû
һ·רעĿҶƺôƵģԭǾ·ҲΪҶԵʱţܿ͵ˡ
ǲƭ˵ģͬƲѪͨ
΢һ;˫飬ˡ
ӲãָҲȳЩ
Ҷ״Ϊֲˣģæ£ֻˡ
С˲ԣӣߣϾ˾ڡ
ЩɻĿͼҶа׵ָԼϡ
ҶַЩɬѨλĲһµȥÿζĵط
ءšһͱͣ˵
ҶЦ๫õô
ͷ
С˲ηģ֪ԼĲͽרĸš
ѹˣܿ٣Ҳ˿
ҶóӸ˲ǵĺǲŲţҶͶơ
Լ๫ȷʵǺÿģԽԽÿ֡
ڷ˺ԺѪɫҶӢǳ
оҶĶͣסΪԼȥӳͷĹаƤñ˳ˡ
Ҷӹܷܷĸá
ʱҶ๫㻹Ҫ˱𣿡
ҡҡͷãˣɿЩ£
ҶЦЦ峺רעĵǽооǱ飬òã
ı飬
ƺԼҽﵽΪʲôܰ˵̹
ϣ͵ͷá
ҶЦеĺһŹë޵˷䡣
ȵ̹ӰʱҶ˺ܶ๫Щʡĵࡣ
Ŷ
ʣϵʱ˳
ֻ⻰ʱҪʱҶ߾ĴϢԼﻹʲô
˵Щȴ塣
ĵڣƫƫͣˣŪҶ۾˫ˮ뵣ֱסϵˣ죺㶯һ
ǸʣȻشҡ
Ҷƫͷҧһڣشʲô
Ϊʲôϲ˵Щò֮Ƕʵģڴʲôɵ֪
Ҷˮ۾ȴûԼ๫ĻۣҪ˵ȴͻȻײһ¡
ԭҪڵĻĲӣС˲οǿ˼ˣһھҧסָ⡣
ֻҲ᲻ʹ΢ĥĥͷſˣͣ£ŴŵҲ£ôòңʹ㣬๫˵ûµġ
Լ˵ʲôҶǲˡ
ȵ꽥ЪҶΰѵʱ򣬲ģģţϸԼ๫Եû׳ԡ
£ñӰ˹ʵ
ĽãҪͬһһġ
˵ǰԼҶ޿ҪŬܼҵҶиӵĻȴı뷨
úõػţŽһߵͷ
ϴЦ˯˹ȥڶһ˯ͣƼѾ緹ҶЦЦ
춼ӣһǶҪӶ̵ġ
ȥļ죬û̫ʱ䡣
Ȼˣҩ̸ո¿ţĶ̵࣬Ҳս𣬻ÿ춼˵
Ҷȥ̸µʱȥ֣ӹڡ
һת۾͵ҪػԺˣһ磬ûԼԺʰܵԺ
Ҷ緹ʱ󼦵ƵϹţ۾ǿ΢ü⡣
ҶҲſȥȺ񣬶žȵɣϵĲôˣ
ԭû˵ģӲ˹꣬һֱŸ첲
ţѾѸ첲£˵˼ûС
ǿ磬ɩ֪˭ˡ
Ȱ˵󵰷ŵҶſ϶ˣ
϶ˣղ̵ģˡ


54 
, Զһ, , ƽĸ̼ң˵Щ
ҶСظ˸꣬Ҳ, ³ˣ˰࣬оЩŵͬǿ̵Ĳ̼, ɽıҵĲʮ, ͬ, ֮ǰŸ첲ؼңͷһȥﱨŵġ
һֻϵû̫ɲ, ɺҲΪİˡ
ȻԼͲ̼˲ûĶϣǹƾ֮ǰ±ʶ, ҾҲ˲̼Ҳ, ǽˡ
ȻⳡһǿµģϾǲȱҪұ˵
ʮɵΪΪ, ԭ򲢲Ҫ
֪ǣϳһ, Ҳ㡣
Ȼͼ, ǶҲ֪Ͳ̼Ҳһ·ˡ
ܺ, һ, Ҳƣ˾ô࣬ĶҵȻ٣ӶıӵĦ
ֻ֮ͬ䣬ĳޡ
ʶľ֪һ£ҲԼø⡣
Ҷһֱû˵ÿӼżԲɵÿЩȡ
̹ϣҶ˱ɢ䵭滺üۣ˵ʲô
ΪҶҲھȾȻͬһ˼Ϊ˭֪С˲εĹעڣʮɣҾȻʮôöడ


ɷӦǿ죬ϤҶĹעڲͬܿЦŵѰ˼壬մŵʮҲʡ
һ䣺̼ûУֻǶȢңҲͶˡɺӶΣҲլһңլ̸ǰ̡
ܿƼ֪֪ȤĲ˵
Ҳ֪˵ʵЩʱʵô
Ҫ檲£˻ʼ⣬Ȩ֮ңĿţͨˣҪҪǮģʮһոе
̼檣˲ٺӣǺլûͣ
յûеλģҲΪһͶۼ
լǸ಻ģȻһȥڵʮܻĲ
Щլм˵ͬҲҶ֪
ǿ̼ңЩ˵̫ŵԼҽ
ҼլҶǸ֪ĺùԼӺӦģαЩ߰ĺլ֮飿
ǲһ䣺Ѱ˼ҶȢСģۼҾͨ˼ҡ
Ҳ֪Լոտ˵ˣ̸һ䣺ԣûȢڶһֱ̫ƽɩɩ롣
Ҷֵܣʵû룬ֲϲԼҲڵˣ˵˵飬ǾͺԼûʲôϵûҪǰѱ˵ԼԴס
Ȼ˵ҶҲЦ˺˿ŷŵߣͨ˼ͦõġ
ҲǣˣԼӼһӹȥºͣԣһнһӡ
ƾΧһԼҶɩֳͣţ֮ǰ˵ˣܿо˾͸࿴ӡ
ҲϿȫõ˾ݲź࿴ŵԵģо٣Ժܵ٣ǵ֮˵ķȻѰ˲ͬҪͨ͸ĲǣҲûס
ǰЩӲģһֻʥ顣
ڣǰĶ򸾣ͻȻҲиܸԼιųԡ
¶ģһҪúö飬úÿƿõȢӲ˼£
Ȼ¶Ҫ̼Һÿ֧ҲϺ˻ѧõʱգҺԼҶԲߡ
Ҷûй룬Ըȥ࿴һԼҩĻ
رʯѿݣѾ˽ļҶһ㶼иÿ춨ʱıȥɹ̫
Ƶö˶Ȥģǣ޹ģԼӾڲͬ޻
ҲŹɿӿʼҶһЩϷںլʱһģǴҶͷһͶ
ͶõĶ򵥣һϸ˫ͭͷβ۵ϸľʸںװЩ춹һľʸͶʱһΣȻ˭ͶĶˡ
ǰڹʱϲЩϷģˡ
׼ͷҲꡣ
ҶͷϻЩ裬ڲֶѣҲӲָӮ˵˵ЦЦҲȤ
Ͷ˼º˻ȥӲ˲ǣʹ˾ǲɣǰ϶ʮۣڲ֧Щˡ
һ⻰ͣϵĶȥ裬ԲԲЦﲻǼ֧ľʸдͷȥģҺͽͶʮ֧ˣײȥ֧⣬Ķӵͷ
֪ǺԼˣֻǶϱľͲҲЦ
Ҷ˵ĻС˲ʵڣľʸȥϴ֣صߣԼʳ̵ϡ
һͷóһǵԵģɻ磬Ҵ˷իĹ𻨸⣬ء
ҶЦΪҶǹԼܸҶͱǷ򸾹ϵ
ΪţϲЩ͵ĸǰ㣬ԴĥϱΪ֣ǡǡ෴ǶԴϱܺá
δһǵ޶ԼϺҶãʵǴԼҶӺá
⿴ľǼլҶ򳪸ϸˡ
һ𻨸⣬ϺҶȥȡ
Ҷţ°ѹ𻨸ˣŵʱζС˲ε۾
ʵ꣬滹ûů֪æɽ㻹ҪעЩҪ
ҶӦһЦݹɣ๫ЩӶЩĻһġ
ԣҲׯҲûʲô飬磬ҸʱؼҾһۿɺã
ԵͷЦ
Ҷǰ¶£Żȥ๫
Ҷ߶ԺƫҲ
ҴɽҲǴɣʱ仹磬ȥܽг߶߶˵úãҲҪźãﲻǸ¶
ǸսԺӣѾ𣺡ҲõĲˣԺ˵ʲôʲôӦ¡
磬Ժţ̼׼
Ժϲв̼ˡ
ԣ˽ȥɣɣ˵ʲôأ
û뵽ѻֵ˻ѱʵʵ˵
˵ֵܸܸ飬Ϊ߳ǶܹܵмӣѺҲҴš
һʼ˵Ϊ֪ѵƢǷΪ˹ֱƣҲǷǣǾһֱţʡ
ʵͷˣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ԰ег
üͷĵɽ£¶ô粻˵
æ˵´͵ΪҵģҲô硭
ȿȡһһ˫۾ĬĬƳһۡ
̹ԹԵĵͷнͣ˳磬֪ˡ
Ѱڰ֣ϴһߣû˰ɡ
չʾһĸ첲ûˣġ
Ѳٿǿ׼ôԸ̼ң
鶼˵ˣҲֱӻش𣺡һ
˻һĵˣ
ԼҴǸֱƢЩǱֻ֪ˡ
˭֪ѾȻֱӵͷãɣʲôôæľܿڡ
һ㶣ǾȵĿѣ磬㡭㲻𣿡
ԴЩ࣬Ѱ飬ΪõĽǼǵߡ۸ͷϣ˶ãΪˣ


55 
ԭҪһ˾һ۵, ֵͻȻæµʱ, ֻǰһ˶ٷ, Ҳ֡
ߺѺͬͬȥС̸, һ̸һ졣
ǺϼƵȻйڲ̼ҵ¡
ѵׯˣҪϢЩ軧ũΪѸ١
ƹİֱӲͲ̼ļҾ¥, ȴûд, еϢ
һ, Ҫ¡
컹Ҫ𣿡԰緹Ҷһ߸һߵ
ͷţؼʱ, и
ҶҲʣֻܸ, ҪϸĪҪ, ǰһҪĺܣ²׼¡
ڶ˵, ѾǶȥǶȻ, ҪЩǡ
ЦЦ, סҶֵ, Ҽˡ
ҶϵŵĽ, ֻһ۾ϳǵԼģװԼһ˿
ԼͷûôҶҲ֪һֱ˶ûķֿȻ޴֤
ҶƼңһ׮飬ҵȵȣж㡣˵ţҶתͷҡ
ûã߳һƽ
ֽĽңҶһһǰ˵ģһֱǸϣڴҲһġ
ɵʵʲô
ҶСĵİƽŽȥŪķ˿ʶĻشƽ̩һһꡣ
ƲĶֻǶĿҶķ΢΢ס촽
ҶżԼӡ˸ǵʱһ˵˾䣺һġ뿪
С˲β˵ʲô˼ֻ๫ˡ
뿪Ҷͱʯѿݳɹ̫ȥ
ÿձ֮£Ҳ⡣
Сؾ͸Ҷߣһ̣ˣ⻨ҲĺܣҰŰɣ
ҶЦҡҡͷֻұŲЧ
ʯѿ˲ܳúãǻˣֻһ춼ȥ
СǸԺתתͻȻʲôƵģ»û𣿡
ҶͲԾ´ǡ
˵ʲôôС˲˵ٰʮġ
ǵʲôõģ±ͷһ׮Ҷһͷۡ
֮ǰҶҳԲôÿˣҲ׼ʱʱģú󣬱ȵÿһδӲȱϯ
õ´Ǳͨ˼ҵĺúܶ࣬ģᱡܣƽ޹ʶ˸ܻñŤ
ңһƼһʺ졣
СҶǳ˼գµģġ
֮ǰҶ¾Ͳ׼һΣСҲû룬ֻҸ׼´ͷҵĹ
ҶͷʾԼ֪ˣŤͷͰ¶˸ɾ
ȵղڵʱ˼ң˳԰ȴûȥ˲ᣬҶһϡ
С˲֪лҪͬԼ˵Ҳڣֻ˵
ȵ˿𻨸ŵ⼸죬ȲҪš
Ҷӹ˹𻨸ȴû̳ԣʲôˣ
ƽ̼ҾƷҪߵͷ²ٵƦǶҪЩʱ򡣡
Щˣ˵ƺʲô㣬ǷųȴһѺ֡
Ȳ̼ҵҲ͸ɢˣ⼸ֻ²̼һǳЩ鷳
Ҷȴ˲ϳԣѹ𻨸ֱӶһԣ۾ֱֱأ᲻£
ɵǣûµģģһҪʹϸԼŬ׬Ǯء
ΣҶûЦǽ§ס׬ǮҲ£ֻҪúõġ
ԣϵЦȴûеȥǰҶԼĻ˽
Ϊ˰Ҷģ԰Լ鶼Ҷ˵ˣ̼ҸǼҵ鲻ֹϵЩǴҪҼӣڲܣԺǸѶԸ
Ҷͷ˻£
ţǲ̼ȶµ֣͹ֲˡ
֮ˣΪƲ٣ǳ˿ҪƢ
෴СɶǸгرģܡ
Щ£Ҫһ̵ףҪƣûе·ߡ
С˲קקڣԣȻҪʰǵģ𣿡
ԥһ£ͷ
ԥģǾԼûգ෴ΰʮ㡣
ûµ˼ңͲܴ覣Ҫץǵİѱʵ̫ˣҪžǣҪĲǰǼӣӴ˶źá
ԥҶ
ʵһֱûбǸ˼гرҶĹ⣬ҲԼеů˽
ͬģҲԼЩ˼صļãӲҶƼ
ĽôãƼˣǻẦµġ
Ҷ˵Щڣ۾ҿƼηԶ
ôκηӦϾȥ˶ÿƵ
ԶҶп飬Ҳ£¼ˡ
Ǻܿ죬Ҷţ๫˾ȥҪСЩǡ
ţ
ƽķӦЩȵĿ㲻𣿡
С˲գգ۾ʲô
¡̫ݡ
⻰С˲¶˸Цݡ
ҶƲ٣סɽ֮УԵǧʱˡ
εС˲ĺ͸ߣľߴ磬ΪġһУҪҧģرΡ
СͲ㱻ҧС˲ΨһѣҶȻǵʱľߵߴ磬С꣬С근İ
Լ๫ľǴߵ飬ҶȻҪһУ跴֡
ȴǶá
Ҷ̫ʲôأɵСʵ๫˵Ĳԣ
Цſ᣺˵öԣرԡ
ЦҡҷһжյĸůȥЦúƴů
ҶҲǣ׼ȥͭǰͷø𻨸⣬ԡ
˵ˣȴûĻش
ҶЩ֣һ̧ͷӭ˸ůӵ
Ļһֱ¯ůŵģ£ȻȺģҶ£ڻʱҶֻů
˵ʱ򣬻ܸоƤЩ
飬±ȳ˵ҲҶż⣬˫֣˵գҪůȡ
ȴΪů֡
Ҷס֮ǰȵͷȥĺסҶ촽
Ҷ΢㶣һʱȻǷӦ
عʱȥѾĲϣҶ˻
С˲˷ֿʱ΢΢ɵģЩĿ๫𻨸⻹ûء
ǰ𻨸⻹ûֲ꣬ԼӵﻹŹ𻨵ζ
С˲λŽأЩվȣֻ˫ϡ
ȴϨʱҶŵһ
ǡ黨ɣζͦŵġ
֣ذҶΰ
ɢʱ˰Ů˵鷢쵽󣬴ߵ𻨸ٳԣԵġ
ĻҶʶĳϿȥʲôĪ๫컹ʲôĻ
ƵĻش𣺡㡣
๫ˣܳԡ
һΣûشҶҲûҪĻشˡ
鵽Ũʱ˺齼Ҷһʲôս˲壺
ȳԹ𻨸⡭۶ˡ
Ǳͣ£
ͣҧˡ
Ļϸϸģˡ
ȵ˵ڶ죬ҶȰĹ𻨸꣬ϸϸİŰ󵰸һ๫ԡ
СЩΪʲôүҪֻһġ
ųţôء


56 
ڽļʱ, ҷƽ˾, ҶҲ֪ʲôӿ
С˲δҵ, ˵һֱĪΣֻܾҪҪ飬ɵġ
ô, ʲôҶġ
ֻʱã, ȲѩҲꡣ
ŵʱ, ҶҲ̫ȥԺ߶, ڣ̿𣬰ʯѿݷԼ, ддİˡ
żҲẰϷҶȥͶļҳ
ƫƫҶͬ, ܻܵ, ʱҲǻﻰҪҶֵܶʲô
Ҷһ֪Ҳȷʵǲ֪ɷʾҶЩ, ҲҲģӲùȥ, ԻԺűǡ
ĵĴСʯͷ, һĶ, ûʱǹˡ
ò뿪鱾, ʯͷ￴䣬ʱʱҲҪҶԺһһе𣬵ʻ١
Ҳ̫ȥԺеСιºͷʱҶ
һ磬Է﷭˲ᣬƫƫҶûʱԺСʯͷһ档
ʯͷС׳˼¾ͳ˺
ҶҪݣĬĬóһ־ʯͷͶпգʯͷѧ֡
ʯͷһ־Դۣ̲ճҶתűӣţʯͷҪ
ҶҲţֻӱʯͷ뿪ıӰЩ֣ƽʱʯͷŵģǸɩˡ
ոȥңҪʯͷĵġ
ɫİѡ־·Żܣºͣվĸġ
Ҷ룬˵
緹˳Сȥ˹̡
ҶһȺңԵר־Ƽ˰̳۰Ͱ͵Ŀ壿
ţ壬ϴν̹ģӡ˵ţ̷ŵϡ
˵Χ壬ڴ˵٣˵⺺ҶˣʦҲ²
Լ屾ͲΪӮֻΪְˡ
ֱͲ࣬ϴҶոѧӵ·óʱ䵹Ҳ
̰ںãֽװźڰӵ¨ŵֱߣҶ棬ȥָ⣺Щڸϲܳţģƣýʱ䣬һ̸һҲ¡
̸ʲô˼Ҷ֪ܺһʲôˡ
๫ڣʲôȤ
С˲Ҳ׼˷ʣµңյԱߣҲ˳װź¨ŵԼǰôһ𣬰ӵݵߣԡ
Ҳ֪ҶϲңͲ׼֮
뿪˵ʲôҶӾ͵˽ȥ
΢΢࣬һĸֱӰľܾ˻ȥ
˾ôһһһ׵ķңÿŵֻֿʼ塣
ӱͨΧ򵥵öֻ࣬Ҫʤ
ڲ֣һʮʶϰߣƫҲôֱģֱײôôЩ޴롣
˵һҶոѧᣬЩ˼ĹĻôС˲ξͳ׽Լȫߣµĸˬ졣
ƫƫҶֿ죬ԴתҲ⣬ֵĻһŹ
ԭֻҪҶʱ䣬ŰҪСϷ˭֪Ȼ̣ڶ̬ȣӮҶ̡
ŷӦԼӮ̫ˡ
ǺҶģڵԼԼˡ
ɵÿҶȴԼ²ʰ̣׼һ̡
ʵǸ
ҶԲɵؿôˣ
״֪ҶĲںӮӮ˶ģְӣỺ㲻ϲӮ𣿡
ϲҶ̵һԣЦſ
ָ΢΢һ٣Ϊʲôո˲
⻰ʵС˲Щ֣ϷӮԼ²ģ๫ôҲ˵ˣӮҸˣ๫Ӯ๫ˣͦõģ
⻰˵ֹסЦʵʵ촽ҶĶͷӡһ¡
׳
ŪС˲ϲĻ䣬׵ˡ
ЦְãŪȥˡ
ģ
е塣
ߣ
һ°ѻãС˲βŰݡ
һ֮ҶƤЩ
˸Ƿקڣˣ˯һɰɡ
ɵö࿴ۣ뱧ƺܰ
֮ǰҶҲϲ˯ģ˯һŬϰߣ￴һӲ˯š
ҶǶͺ˯Żѣ˯
Ҷ۾Ӧ˰ɣ˯һġ
֪ǲҶԵʣҲ֮ǰݣȻ˻ǵģ£ڻʱ˺ܶ࡭
ˣȻԼӰ˯
ȥ£һ߸Ǳһߵú˯һẰġ
Ҷִ˸Ƿͷӱĸ첲ûþ˯˹ȥ
Ҷ˯Ĳ΢΢ǡ
ʱ۴ᣣͿһӰ
Ǹߺķʽ֪ӡ
ѰҶһʱСػӶ׽ŵģ۴˼¡
΢΢Ҫ´ȴоԼĸ첲Ůεرڻ
һ죬ֹסΣ¾ŵҶ
ҪСĵİֳС˲αýקӣһҶͱһ
룬Խ⿪ԼµĴӣҶţ֮Ҷѹ˱ǣÿᣣŵ뿪
ȡ£غҵţ뿪ԷȥСҡ
Ҳ˽ȥŵһŵݸүүš
ӹţȡֽչϸϸ֡
棬˼ܼ򵥣ʮѾϳѧԺ̼Ҫ¸ѧԺĪҪ٣ѧԺ˳ȥվͻ˰鱨š
ֽŵϣȥ磬˵л˵
ӵĲҪнˡ
ЦӦһһ·Сܵ˳ȥ
ȵҶһ˯ʱͿԼﱧŵ¡
Щֵ۾⿴ƼϿ
Ҷ۾ЦŵǸ죬Գȥˡ
Ҷգգ۾ûֱӻش𣬶Ƕ֡
飬ȥڴϣԼӣҶߣˣ
ġšһ
ҶĿڣЦ
֪๫ˡ
ȵ˵ڶգȻǸԭ͵ҲתůЩ
ѵõĴ죬ܳţҶų׼ȥתת˳Ҳļ黨Ρ
սӣҶ̸ۡ
̼Ұˡ


57 
̼ҰܵЩͻȻ
Ƿڶʮǰ, ۵ļ¢ϵĴ󲿷־ˮ, ǶȻ
û֪ʮﴫļ𵽵ǴӺε, Ѱղע⵽ϵľĵ˭ҵľƣ̼Һܿ˸
ЩҲɢɢĻһЩСҪһ, һʧܸա
ǽ챻ȣ챻ǽܹǿȥ
һֱľ֮̽ǰ, ̼һҽضϵ⡣
·, Ϊ˴˵, ̼ҵ׾䷽Ǵӱġ
ɲͬ͵Ǯ͵Ѱ䷽֮Ķ˼ӪֶΣǿԼҵ˼ɻ, ƵȥŸ״֮ǰЩ̼ι̻, ȫȥ״
״ҲͿԵ״ֽ, Ǳָ״Ҫܷġ
ֻһ˸̼аУŲ, ƫƫγʮ˼ңҲò˰
ƫ, ̼ҺլиС檲ҹ, ūץʱ, С檿ص˵ԼĶԩ, ֱӴ˲̼Һլĳ¡
Ǯׯ̼ҵ˷ҷ̼˰©ɴ˰óƱΪ֤ǳѹյĵݡ
һʱ䣬̼ү˴լΪǣɱ˶Ҳץ˽ȥɢһҹ컹ҫĲ̼ͻȻʧټ
ֻЩûϵ
״ģ֮ǰ۸̻ǣҷģǺͲ̼гˣںլ֮£ԼŪ޹ĺӣװ·˭ɱ˲ó
棬Ψһйϵľǲʮɼɣɽ¡
˼ɿܺߣúܣû˭Ҫ̾һҶһ٣ԵĺǶûʲôǣ
Ҷһ·õǽζͷβ飬ٲͼӴף˵ȴȤ
رϣҹ̼Ҿ̵ĳ棬Ǳĸ⾪ĶǣҶͣһͣȵ˵˲żߵġ
ҩ̵ʱϻЦ
ƼˣַЩʵʲôˣ
Ҷ֮ǰĶû˵ƣЦŵ죬ƵģȤúܡ
ΪʲôЦҲЦϲ£ȹЩůˣҴȥ¥ɺãǰ˸˵Ů˵ļá
ʲô飿ҡ
һ죬æض˻ͷôó˵
ҶҲŵͷҲԣûֶҲûʲô˵ġ
ϣ˵Ļͦе
ŽʱԶиڲ̯ԶԶ
ת˺üҶɡ
ҶѾûпԼСˣҶϴλ֮Ҷɾûм
ҶҶɿ㿪Ҷ
ʵϿ̿ҩ̵֪Ҳ֪ڿŵȥϡ
ÿҶɶǶ㿪ġ
ſŵʱһһЩͭȥٴ˾ʹȤȥ֣һ˵ʢ˵ҶӢҶҲڶ
ǲܱ˵٣ֻһԴһ룬ҹȥ׼ңƫƫ
˵ҶɵӺùˣҶŸˣƺ˵ԼҶȥģֲȥҶԼСõ䵭ԴĻ롣
Ҷû˰취
ǰҶƽȥң˻ϲѾģҶƽ֣Сһ𳤴Ҷȴһ۾ϳ
ɻûˣҶƽ־˸ǩʲô˵ˡ
ҶɺԼϱֲ࣬Լ֣Եֲϵü
Ҷ˲٣ȻѧõʱѧĲģҶۣΪ˲ְ壬Ҳǿǿˡ־
ҶĿİһô˸˼ҶɾͼˣæͣþԼҴ˵˵
ƫƫҶƽֻʱֻ˵ǩȥűǣԵһֶûᡣ
ҶɼȲ֪ҶƽֵʲôģҲ֪ҶƽסںδֻڸתƣϣҵԼҴ硣
ûҵҶƽ֣Ҷ
Ҷ۾һţСǰȻԼӰԵЩҶԼˣһˡ
СȥȰȰ磬ôת⡣
ԼӹҶ飬ҶɾȻȫȻ벻ˡ
ǸԼ˵Ϲ˵ԼܺùһЩ˭֪ѻ˵ˣһģԼˡ
ҶɼҶҩ̣æӲ̯վȴֺܿ¡
챿Ҫ˵ĻҪ׼һ²С
Ҷû֣ڲԶиһֱ
ٹҶɲҶƽֵİţϵĶ
Ҷֵ֮ĶԹҲ˽˸ţ֪ҶƽҪҶɷּҺͲµҶɲͬ⣬ٸҶɣִ
ǳҶƽֺҶƽֱĶͲʰˡ
ټҶɶԼϽıã˸۶к˹ȥϽһ
Ҫ𣿡
ȸϽϽٸȥɡ
ǡ
̧꣬ͷȴԼһֱŵҶɲˡ
æǰȥȻҶѾҩ̡
ҩ̺ãҶڿŶյһϻӻ䡣
⻨ҲüӣüĵĶ࣬Щǲͻģнģ𲭵Ҫר鷳Щϱ˵ȡ˼Ҷ
Ҷùţֻ̺ÿҲԼڼŵҪӺܶࡣ
ϾҶ˻ŰԼĻϻóƣ££ڣҶü䣬Цŵһԣ
С˲εͷԹԵŶϸԼ
ǻûȶ϶֣˽ˣͷиҶ˵Ҫ̣ʲôҲ˵ֻ˵Ҷ¡
һϣʶؿҶ
ҶΪҶƽ֣ŶϵҴ磬ȥƣȵҡ
ȴվ𣺡ȥ
֪ҶүжҶ˭϶ҪҶһȥǽԼӳ£˵Ժҩˣֻ¶үܰƽ
ҶҲûܾͬһȥǰ
һţҶͶסŲЩȵĿˣô㣿
ҶƼҶЦȥҶ˵ֲҴյֻ̫СǸҡóʱûˣúòá
Ҷһ˫۾ˮֻвû̫׽ҲûᷳҲһ磬ͦõġ
˻һϾüͷ
Ҷҵ鲢ܣ֮󣬵ųϲҲ˲ٺլ̸֮ʡ
ǲ֮ͬǰĳŪ˵ҶǴĽġ
иܰѻ±£һ˿Ѿȵ׵Ҳܳ䣬ǸǴСֵĽĺҲ֪˭˭ĸ
ǶҶҶɣвġ
ͬΪŮӣԵ£һҶܹú˼ҵĸ˾ȻܺͬΪŮӵĸôܲᷳ
ҶԼ֪ЩǰͼӴ׸Լ๫Ҷɵͻˣгɵأ
񣬶Ҷĳƺ֪Ҷɡ
˿̲ܳϾҶˣֻǸµģ˶ҵ
ɶ˼͸۾һת⡣
˼װȥò΢΢ƫͷסͣŻƵ˵Ҷүȥ̲ˣھ͹ȥ߶ү˵ˣһˣ㡣
ССųȥţӣߵҶߣк·ЦŵվţɣҶɣҲǸЦҲ
С˲ҲվۣۣԱѰ˸ˣҶȴЩסＱоЩӵĿأﰲ
ҶûҶɾ;ϷǰСãҽ㡣
Ҷ˫Ųյů֣ʲô£
ҶɼʣҲ˲ûڳˣֱӵǸǴǰӻˣң˵Ҫǩ飬˵Ҫҷֿˡ
˻һϾǸҶҴ纰á
ҶķӦȴЩڲͬ
ûбֳȣҲûжҶɵͬ飬ֻƽĿҶĸ֮ʵѾĬϷּˣֻǴΪ˰㵣˱ûзֻ
ʱرֳ˾ȣ㻹
С˲εͷţ๫Уõġ
һЦ⻰٣ֵĶǣܰĶǴϻ۹ˡ
ҶˣæСã粻ǷּңҵǶϾϵ飡
˻һﶼ
ЩȵĿҶɣǸģǶҶĴ㵡
񣬶Ͼϵ˵˵ô򵥣ҪȥŹʽӡ㡣
ֶϾǳ׵׵Ķϵˣ˳ˡ
¶ϾҶɲǸҲû뵽Ҷɻߵһ
Ҷȴ֪ҶƽֻˣҲûʲô֮ɫ
ϵĲյ£Ҷɡ
ɫҶ˸õԤУµѾû˱ѡ
Ҷ˵ҶɾͼǵϣҸ˵˵𣿡
⻰֪Ǽˡ
ﰵ˾Ҷ϶Ǹʱ֪ҶǰҶ˵ʱô
ңҵȻǺõģҶѹҶ͸öƲϡ
˵Ǽ£ضϵ飬ֲҶ㿪ҶиʲôҪæʱҲˣԥʱҶֱƽĻص£Ҳ˵Ķԡ
⻰˵Ҷƺ̫ףǰԲҶҶɩԼСùϵǲģϴλʱҲ˵仰ΪҶͰ㲻
˵ʲôȴ⴫˸Ҷ˭ĵӹСã
ҶѰȥƼҶƽִ󲽿
ģˮ


58 
, תͶ㵽˺á
ⱾǶҵ˽, ոնϲ뿪, ҶɶҶã˵˽ȻСһԻ, ǶվǷŲģ
ˣҶҲ, Լ˼ҵļ±ȽϺá
ͽϵ, Ƕ֪Լ, ӻһ·Сܵ뿪
Ҷûע⵽ˣҲû뵽ô, С˲εĵһ¾΢΢ֱӣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
Ż, رڽǰҶɵǶλŭ, ڿҶԼƵ˫ĿʱǰȥסҶָ⡣
Ůһ, ʮָۣҲЦ⡣
Ҷƽ, , ԼӺ÷ԼǸ˲Ŷ, ԼȽ, ֻƼ
ֵĺһʱЩΡ
ҶܿվҶƽʩһºͣ硣
Ҷƽֶͷû̫ʺ򣬶ǺܿͰ۾תҶɡ
ҶԭתΪľѰҶƽ֣ջȥȻԼּңԸּңԺҪһúõĹ
ЩܶҶ˵Ϊ϶ҶƣѪķݶܻ
ҶɶҶƽеĻ˵ˡ
ҶƽѾʱͬգݸ㣬ǿ׳ȻΪֻǴŴֲѣǴɳɱ֮Ĩġ
֮ǰҶɻֻҪϾϵˣǸӣǰôǣңҪǲҪˣԺİˣȲҲޡ
Ǵ˸˵ҶɾȻҶҶƽ־ֻʣᷳ
ǰȥҶƽְҶɳҶԶЩ飬ǩ𣿡
ҶæûǩҲǩ磬ֵܣֵܣô˵ϾϵͶϾϵˣ
ҶƽֵĻӦ֮ʱչСãȴԶšҶҪ˵Ҷƽְڰ֣ҲҴҰСиʵûģҵˣҲٵҶܣ˭á
æҶߵ㣬ңǵĻ͵ˡ
Ҷһ¡
Ҷǽ˽ָǵͨ졣
Դǣܶ໰ȴ˵ҲǱ˺һӲżһ䣺磬ⶼµ飬ұҲǲԸ⡭
Ը⣬ϵȥΣҶƽ۾ųŪȥĶ£㵫һ£Сþͼ޲ȥ
һ仰˺ҶһƤǵС˼Ρ
ҶɩҶԱ֪ûܣΪ۶ӣԺܹˣȴͷ⣬пڳԵĵȻҪŶӡ
ҶɩҶңֻ֪̾ȴΪծѾϲˣûǮֻծžȫ군
һֱԼ˵Ĵ֪ʶµĻ¡
ҶгһմܻСҲ⻰
Ҷû뵽ǣҶƽֻˣԼҴȴñ˭͸Լǵ۸ȥ
Ƥģվб¶졣
Ҷɾþȣú£ӶڶȻૣ磬ҲּңҲϾҲǩ飬ǩ
Ҷƽú߶Ҳ׼ҩ
ϾҵĲҵԼСü޵˼Ҽﱾӹúúõģܲƽ׵ĸż顣
һʼҶƽ־ûҪҶͬҶǰ˵
Ƿ򸾹ϵǢһʼ㲻ãѾɲŮòûҪó䡣
ҶƽֲҶǰϸ˵ֻΪ˲ѹͷŹҶɡ
֣ҶƽһѳҶɵĲӣҧȥ˵˼ҵ⡣˵꣬Ҷƽ׾ٵҶɣ۾ȴǿ÷Ҫãúչ˽ʡŵ
ͷԼҲúûԼӵġ
ʱҩƹҴҵ˽
׼Ҫȥҩ԰￴ģ˭֪·Ƹ˵ҩ˲ˣԼӶҲڣ˵ǳ˿ŵתͷææĸϹ
һţƼҶͷҶƽ֡
ϴҩ¿֮ʱǼҶƽֵģλ׳ʿϼҩ̵Ļ𣿴˷ǰϼƹʲô飿
Ҷƽϴֻ˵ԼϼһΪʱСú룬Ȼûʲôϵ̴˸ĹϵҲûҪ˵ơ
СúãҲͲٲҴţֻԼǲܸˣƹҽҶ󣬽Сã˳ŵõĶ˴ߣдŷƹĵط¡
˳ȥƼҶһ֪Ƕ̵ˣ̹˲٣ԭҶ׳ʿʧʧֿ첽ȥҶ
ҶƽûкͷקҶɵĲӾ뿪ˡ
Ҷͷβû˵һ仰֣߬뿪๫ûŵҡ
ƽϲŭҶͲɣǵԼãѰѹǸӲĶ
˶٣Ҷ§һ£۾ȴǿСء
С̰ȴû˱ӻֱӵүҴˣϷ
΢ü⣬ƺЩ⣬ǵĶˣ
Сָһһŵղſûܸ߶үҲûܰ϶̡
ԣɫͻЩͷ
СǸС޴Ҳеġǰ̣ҶҲʱʱĻߣߴŵ̫ܲ¡
ôСأȻ֮ǰŹȻؼȥ裬ʮְ壬Ҳ㽲
Сǰװ׵ģȴûģǵͷӦ
һһֱ˿
˵ֵ軧ҵĺӵǰ﹤ûҲҲòãǼʹЩͷųȥеľֵأŮľͼˣϾѰ˼ҵĺӣҲûʲôԵĳ·
ǰСЩûصĵطҲܣǾûһֱźȻͲ̵ʲô
ԸӹܽСأҪźˡ
δҵɽСصҲѹڳԳԿͷǺ¡
ҶȻ벻Щƣ˵ĻȻĵҶᷴԣֻСصͷһ£㰺ͷ˵ܺ𣿡
ֲɣҲа취ǷˣЩ㲻õģһ㴦úõġ˵ʱϴŵЦ⣬յĻƯµʽ
ҶɵͷϴЦﻹвٺÿģոҿһˣȥơ
ҵ㡣
á
˵飬ȥ򳪸ɪгһŵķȴǱð亹
֮ǰԲ̼飬˲֪Ϊҩ̵ƹҲһȻ֪һЩ顣
зǣߴţҲô׵õ̼˷סַ
Լ˵΢С飬û뵽һϦ֮䣬̼ҾͶȻ㵹
˵֮ǰֻǵүţڷУ񲻽ðŽ⣬ʺ졣
͸Ĳĺ
ȻԼҶһ⻹׬ǮĶƹĸ
﷽߶ţϣҵ鴦׵ǸҶʶһЩ͸Ȼϵͷʱ¾Ͳקקôˡ
Ҷƽһ·קؼȥҶɸ˵ԵľͲѷιӿȳˡ
Ҷƽֱĸߴȳߵÿ죬Ҳ㣬аﲻڻ£Ҷһֱɢž͵ôһקһϵĸﻹ˵
Ѿġ
ȵ˼ңҶɱӽԺʱֱӷԺͷľܸŻ
ҶƽʱþСҶɩææĴ˳
ƼҲҵſڼϵҶɣæܹȥһѱסҶɣŻûպԼ˵Ҷɩ㿴Ҷƽ֡
޸ҶҶ󶨵ף޵ҶҵʱҶƽҲ꣬ҶҴҶɺ˵䣬ԵľͲ֪ˡ
ƼҶƽҲϲǺˣҶɩȻƽʱҶɲĻģƼҶƽ׳Ҳ¡
ŮֱӵҶǰָҶƽֱǸʲôյģҼլԺ˶ɣĪҪڹ컯е֮²ɣ
Ҷ֣ǰ⿴˿ŵ˲ӣơ
ҶƽǷֺԺţ۾һҶɩϲŭһѽҶȻ͵˼ңҶЩǻ˵˵ĺá
ҶҲǴϴŰץҶƽֱֵ۵磬ǻֵܶ˺òۣôҪּңֳɲɣ
Ҷɩһ⻰̵Բ۾
Ҷ󣿲˵սĻܻ
Ҷƽȴúī˵ĸĶ˵ˣڶ˵һֶۡ
ֱֽҶɵĻͳ飬ҶƽֶҶǰҲд֣ӡˡ˵꣬Ҷƽֻóһǰӡߡ
ӱҶƽָҶ׼ģ˵ں֮ǰ׼ŵġ
ʱֵ˶δŮδޣҶڵǰģҪܵãúõİ
ҶƽûʵŵԣܵܳƤǣӺù٣Ȼûܿóޡ
Ϊ磬СãҲԵͬģҲҶԼܽ޷
ּҾ壬ȻҪɴࡣ
˵ȻҲҪ˶ϡ
Ҵ̵ʱõӣҷݣⱾҪģֻҪӡӾ͹ˡҶƽ˵꣬ʹ˲
Ҷͣ˰ҲҶɩ۾ֱ
˵֮ǰֲּҶɩҲڣǷǷֲɣ
Ϊʲôã
һðĴʲôã
ҶɩСҲƽϣ׷ʵǸΪʲôǷݣǿֵֻܶˣ๫Ψһˡ
Ҷƽ䵭һСá
ҶɩһƲˣôҶҵģ֮⣬ҲһΪһΪŶԡ
ҶƽЦһҵӣδöУҪûǡ˵žҪá
ҶɩܺҶ磬ҶֵɲңæЦҪҪȻҶһѣʾ顣
Ҷ֣뵽ոҩƹԼҴĳƺŬԼֵϵ˵˾䣺磬ǸϼҩﵱҲףûȥҲա
⻰˾ưյĿ׻
ҶƽˣԭеǸ⳹˿գֻʣĮ
Ҷɩ˼һѳסҶɣСֻǵʲôù˼ģϼҩģҲʲôҵοֻ˼ҵƣֵ¸ɻģҲ֪ûʲôǰ̣ο
ҶƺԥɣҴ硭
ùˣ㻹ԥʲôծأأǲǣ
Ҷɩ⻰ƺ˵ҶɣҶƽ֣˵磬ûб·𣿡
ҶƽһϷӣɫ䵭ĸȥһװɰӡĺӡ
ǹڼУҶɻҶɩûϸӵĲʡ
д棬ǾܿϺõɣͨ˼Ҹò
Ķǰӣﻹʱȥӡء
ҶĴָմմӡ࣬ԥŲҶɩץȥ
ָһӡҶƽ־Ͱקȥۺ÷ŽУְӡӼ˻۾ĿҶɣˣ߰ɡ
ҶɿɥΪζϾϵѹҶɩȴϲ̵ûӣ콵ϲ¡
ЦҶɵԼǸ˼ĻȻҪǮˣɲɵô
Ҷƽȴû뿪ǿҶɣȻӴû˸ϵм飬ҲܺŪˡ
Ҷʶʵʲô£
һ˲ҶƽѾ粽ǰһȭҶɵϡ


59 
һȭ, Ҷɴǽʵʵ, һˮֶûв
ҶһʱûӦ, 㶼˶㣬Ҳǽʵʵİһȭ
Ҷƽֵȭͷɲƽǰ㣬о, ûŸʲôӣ
֣֮ΪҶƽֻûҪ
ҶҴʹȫ, һȭһͷţ
ֻһȭȥ, ҲֱӰҶɴſڵ, 춼Ѫ
Ҷɺ³һŰװ׵ݡ
ŻҶɩﻹı, ȴҶ˹ȥ۾Ҷƽ֣ʲô, Ҫ𣡡
Ҷƽɫջȭͷ, һȭ
Ҷɩ۾죺ôôһͬĵܵܣҪҶģôܡ
ղ, Ѿֵˣֺֽɫӡ, ˭ҲˡҶƽȻƽ, ոͻȻ˵Ĳһ㡣
Ѿǵƽͷ, Ͻְ, վŵǶүΪү룬ҲҪ˼Уܳƥ֮¡
һ£Ҳˣʶֻһȭûġ
ҶɱҶƽվУ㣬ΪҵСá
˻һҶԵˣҶɩҲ۾ҿոյԵЩ
Ҷƽֵȴûͣ٣ŮԼȢģлĲ٣ĹΡҺ֮ϾΪ֤Сá
СûСãҲ᲻ġҶѪЩǱ
ҶɩҪƿʲôת뵽ҶҶ̣ԺĽɽɽ
Ҷ󲻹Ǹҩ̻Ժ˵ֻǸֵˣʲô˾ͷˡ
֮ǰҳ԰׷Ҷи÷ƾ֮ǰڹʱһӵ⣬Ҷɩ;òþݡ
Ҷɩͣţ๫Ǽʶ࣬ҶҪϣȻҪϣ
Ҷƽȴûס۾һĨȻƽͣСҵСãˡǮǾݣҴһȭҲΪԼΪ˽ġ
Ҷһ£δԹңΪΡҪң
ǸˣҲû˵ǽĵشƣȴ䱾۸ƲǡҶƽְ·Žһȭͷ͵ﻹģԺҲûиϵˣĪҪƼȥ鷳ȻһδһΡ
⻰һҶɵͰˡ
˵ףҪӣӵ״˭Ҷ·
Ҷǿסģһҩ̻ʲôǮ
ҶȴͬˣҶδӣҲûľܹʲôҶɾţû˴磬һֱû˴磬ǹӣҲֻҪһ޾ͰˣԺû׼ʱˣ¶ء
СþͲһˣҶӽ˸˼ңֻˣԼţҷҲԼҡ
ƫҶɵˣ˵͸ˣԺ֮䶼ǣ
ǡԼҪСõ··۳žûˡ
Ҷ˵Լ⣬Ҷƽֵȭȴֲ˵
ﻹѪ۵һȭͷ£ټҶƽֵĻ룬һʱҶҲ֪ԼڸηӦ
ҶɩҪ֣Ҫӻġ
ɷҶƽ֣ҶɩԼ˻ӳûҲû˻˵
ҶƽԽƲǣתҪߣԺŵʱŻͷһ䣺ҶҳԺԺҶֵϾӽ軥ǣɡ
ΣҶƽߵĺ෴Щѵĸо
߳ԺţҶɩοҶɣǸһʲô£Щӿɲ٣Ҳ͹˼ҵףͺţ⣬ûǰ̣
ģģģҶɵĿ
ǰҶƽܵܿޣֻҪܹȥ۵ôˣһΣȴֻҪЦ
ЦϾЦ˳
Ҷƽֲ뿪ûþ١
Цһ٣Ҷƽ΢΢üôڴ˴ܳүû˿ˣ
æҶϽɲԼҪģҹ㣬ֳʲô顣
Ҷƽ΢΢üô㻹Ҵ˲ɡ
ٺٺЦЦȴ룬ô£ɱǸѪգ۵ֳɲС¡
ҶƽȴɫƽĿұ㻹ڸʲôүδɣǶԺôȻ֪ҵ˼
£ʲô£
Լүɢү¶Ҳ󰡡
Ǹûʲô̫۵ˣҲͦÿġ
벻ͲˣֻܼҶƽֵĻƼҶƽԶæ׷ȥʵϽֱȥү𣿡
ȻȥúñǣҪȥáȻȥɣүǱߵ󲻵á

÷չˣǷĵġ
ߣҶѾһ𷵻ҡ
ҶƽֻǴŹȥһ˳ȴ֪ԼһҶʶ࣬ҲϺķʱ䣬ǼӵҶһ֡
ºһж˳˳ģ̻ҩ̣һп˳
Ҳʼؿ峡ÿҶȥ㣬Ļ˵ò
Ǹ˵¶ȴЩ˲
ʱҶԵø룬ǲʱľҪ˯һ
λƵĹȥһµʱ䣬Ҷ˯ûл⣬ԽԽء
űȥ￴ݣȻʱҶ˯˸ʵʵ³ʱȻһԼ߻ȥģǽЬϴ˯úܡ
ģģƫƫҶ˰˯ĶûʲôҲ˵׼Ǻ»ǻ¡
ֻܶӣţȥйơ
۳ʲô£ܹ˿ܰġ
ҪӦ£̫ĪҪ˵Ǹģֻ˵ľˡ
ֻһ֪Եɡ
վʲô£رճ̸ĸ˼ңֻƽ¶ᱻ˱һĦ
ǰе鶼Լϴƽʱûٱ˵Ҫˣٶ˵Ҳûʲôܺù⻰䵽Ҷͷϡ
ʱҶ۾˹֪Ȥ˳ȥҲЦſ˯ÿɺã
Ҷ˸Ƿأ˵꣬Ҷ𣿡
ֱЦûУﰲİɣ컹أôСŹǣϳԡ
ҶЦ־ͱ
ҲԼӱĺ󱳣Ҷǰͷȥ۾žЦҲֲԼЦʲôء
ʱ洫һֵ
ȻֻǸЩŴԺǹػǺܺõģǳ˴Ѱ²ͻȻ֡
΢΢üҪȥҶ˸ʵʵûޣֻܶСصȥơ
ССҪȥһţƼ˻
ǰʲôأҶûɿֻ̽ͷʵ
ӴҲ˲ǲǴˣү̣ϲүؿˣ˵ǡ˵ͷСףԣף


60 
ɵ˰ͷ, ܿڸˡ
ʶֵ㲻϶࣬ͨ˼ֻŰѺƽ, Ȼܰ, ֻеǮ˼ҲѺȥġ
С綢, Ҳϲ, дϻֻȥѧãٻ, Ҳ֪ѧΡ
˭뵽˼ҾȻĿ˸׻ؼ, Ҵ׬棡
ŵ˱Ȼһ, һ·϶ںɿ, ˰ͷ, ǰϢɢ
ؼʱ, ѾƼæ˴, ׼ף
Щ˼, ֻǵһ, ȵ»и, ǵʱ򿼵ò, ǰװ˷һ⣿
˼ܼ򵥣ƿ´ʮþ, Ӧº벻ȫٵжϡ
˰, һ˸Զ˵Լһܹ
Ҫû, ǹ
ںҶһĥȻҪڵĲɫ, Ļϱһۣ˵ЩģϽ¡
ԹԵˡ
ʵЦĪҪģȻǵһأǲ֪Զȥأ˰ףСԪͷһ⸽ʮͳôһף²Ӧ
óϻлϾʮǰ԰׵ľ
Ҳҫʲô׵ģϾ˼׵ģó˵˵Ҳ
ǷƺҲ϶룬æһ䣺ܹҲʮ壬ٵİ׺ϸǴء
ҶҲŵͷո˵ģܵײס
Ҷ˵˵νƾ֮·ʲôԻԣС˲ֻס˸š
ţɾ״ԪҲͻ峡ԣܿˡ
ȻС˲ζġͽܡҲһäĿΡ
Ϸ죬ȻԸԳȣҲһǵǸ꣬ƤĸɩɩǵһͳݿЩסĶӡ
ǿıӰЦɵ׻ǸӣԺеء
ǰʳŵһԣ˵һ׮飺˵ҲСˣǲǸø£
¶Ҳ㷽ϵķ֮£Ϊɩúһᡣ
ȴȻҡͷɴϻֵۣ԰ףδдġгһյ˹٣ͺͨղһ»Щıĺá
Եͷˡ
ҶȴֻţûзЩҲòģС˲θעϵʳϡ
Һ˲ͬĳʳʦֻԼĳĲʽҲ఺󣬺ƽʱԵĲࡣ
ֻҹ߳ǳԵĺõģֻǰƽʱԵĶڳˡ
Ҷ۾ʳɨһȦͷԼûԹģ;öӿʼˡ
Ҷ⿴ƺʱ
ˣԷ
ȴҶ˼Ҷ۰Ͱ͵ͷΪˣһЦǵʱ䲻磬ҲˣԵҲæȻޣȻȥѣȿʱǡ
ϱԣ񣬸ԻԺӡ
ҶһԺžͿ㺰סӣȥ˺δ
ͣ˲ӣҶĻصض̣Ҹղȥ
˻һҶͼˡ
жʱᵽӣֻǲͬǣǰӶͲãȥ꣬Ѿ˲ಡ²˵صزоÿ춼
ͬӺ˲٣ҲÿʮһΣƽ
Ҷǵý첻ӣƫҪȥ룬ȻһӦӲˣ
û˵꣬Ҷȹڣ
Сؼææĸںͷﺰţ̣ЩЩĪˤˣ
ҲϽ׷ȥҶʲô⡣
æţͱԼӱ˸
æס˳ҲſϷסԼҶԼקôˣˤ˿ǺãԺˡ
Ҷסĸ첲˳һ˫ּææЩ๫Ķˣ䵽ˣȵˣˣ
һ㶣ƼѾӾͲ³Եɡ
ֱסҶЦŵû£ҾҪû¶ġ
ҶЩĿȻû£ʲô
Ҫ˵ƣǱϾ￴ȥӣ˵ûɵҶģȥֻⲻǿˣãҪȥǼɽϵ԰תһתʱͲˣǰЩ
Ҷһ˿֣˵Ĳϣţ´˵ղŻˡ
ĺ󱳣ҵĴԺ󲻻ˣȻʲôȺͽ˵
ҶǣȻҪ飬סԼѡ
קסСأһԡ
СѧسЧҶʱ˲٣ǰǲԾ¶СģӸ磬жˣ
һЦţųԣİɣȻٲڳԵġǱ·ˣ¿Сأи¶Ҫ㡣
Сص˵ͷӸ˵
ȻүҪȥǰͶںãǳ¶ǵõǰҡ
á
УոүȥеģԵɻ֪еȻʱ硣
Сգգ۾ǣҾ˵үƽģ
Цԣ˵үģ˵ǸרľˣҲҪͬ˵ʡ˶̵ˡ
Сصͷ£ӾͳȥţСȥ²
ԼĪһʱ˹˵ǰͷѾϲˡ
Ҷ»üأרעҲԾط᣺ĶǸҹ»̼ҸȻҪȥǰ棬͵дһˣںľˡ
ҶԭһļųԵģĻڣĪҪվڴǰžˡ
üۣӦ
Ūױ棬ְΣȥǰҶǵ˺á
˲٣һΪףɣҪŻ׽һ
˵ԭֻһĸ˼ҵĻ˿ѾЩǰ;˼
ɵׯ̫̫ƽƽɵӷˮҲܿ׻ؼҹҫ鹣λүۡ
֮ǰֱ̼ŷʹŵĶܸùϵԺһҲǺõġ
ҲϼҾ죬ҲǶҵء
ϾʹϱںãдŮ죬ҪҲ࣬˵˵ЦЦҲۡ
ҲæǸˬӣټӵӣ˼æҲʱҶ֣Լȥ
ǱһͿҶ߱ϣȥҶһˡ
ҲûôأǰΪ˵ҪҲûô
ŻûԷʱֻһЩϹģҶȴûжЩ֡
öЩ⣺𻨸ⲻζ𣿡
Ҷ˿𻨸⣬Ҳù𻨸óԣرϴΪ˳һڹ𻨸ⱻһڣҶŵӡ̡
ֻĶǵȻʳȻ׼õռط
ƺܲ³Ҷ˼ƵģȴƣֻºЦϴҵ꼪黨üãζҲţû¶ܵꡣ
ϿҶʵֵʱҲˣֻһֱûʡ
Ҷ֣ǻηһ͵ȻͿúˡ
ϵͷ߸ŵѾ߼£Ҫ˵ġ
ƫɾʱ˸ףˣгϢúܡ
ҶѰȥƼ˸ˡ
ϡ
ûʲôӡֻǵϵıѣĲûסʲô
ϾϴҶžžʱҶԼ֪ԼôģҲӡ
ǶƼˣһôҴǮϳ
ҶɵÿǸؾѵĸˣûɴǳɫ֪Ǯϡ
ϵˣʵ֪Ϻ֮ĶԹȴϴԼҩ̿ʱ
ϴǮȥ϶̫Ͼûֳ¶Ҳû⣬ǵȺֻƸԼѧ֪λôһЦ
Ŷţȫ棬ҲͰˣοҪǸն˴˵Ǯϴ
Ǯ磬ûȡѵСĺܡ
ȴ֪бǮϴɡ
ڰ֮Ҷоĵǻĵǳ⼦ʱͻȻϵϱֲô˵˫ӵˣɲҳԣȵ嵭
˻һ˳ǮϿȥ
Ѱ޲ʲô¶еĶУٻôֱ׵˵ġ
رɰ׵ϯ棬ͻȻ˵ԼҶϱУЩʱˡ
˼ҼȻ˵ˣΪ˼ңҲ޶ԣϱ㵭Ц˺ϲ£ҲǸ˵ţԸӣȥ棬ʡĺڡ
Ǯϵĵͷл۾ȴҶġ
ϴΪǮϲ֪ǮȴΪ˴Ҷ
ĸȴԼȲˣ˰
һۿȥȴ֣ҶûڿӲͣؼŲ˳ԣȥԵֵĺܡ
Ǯһ죬ƺЩ
ǷȴƲ⸱ɣڼЩСǵͷԼҴϱ˵¶άԼˣ£ӵ⺦ϲصúܣͱʲôˣż˾ǣҲԲˣ̹ˡ
ﻰ˵ǮϽ飬úź
ƫƫϺĻ棬ֻЦţȥ⻶ϲɲǣȤҪиӲԵ֣ǰһֱûһΪǸأҶϱи
һ仰ûϺҶݣ˱˵ġ
֮ǰլŪöŮԵ˿ˣһ棬ס䵭顣
һߵĶһֱҪӣȴһֱûУ⼸߶¶ɫһûЦ
Ҷ֪ϵĲ˿ӣЩĵĿŶϣû°ɣ
ǿЦЦʵǲá
ҶҪοοס˶ϵӡ
˭֪һգ͸оЩͬ
Ҷգգ۾ֻ֣߬Ŷϵϸϸ󣬶Щȵĵɴ۾
֮Բ֮״֮ǰС˲ҶӸСʱĸо
ʱСû¾˸ޡ
ڡǣˣ
ɾʱ֪ǲķܣǮ죬ɫס
΢΢ü֪ǵĻᷳ
ƫʱϵˣˣϵء


61 
֮ǰ֪Ҷʲô顣
Ӻʱ, ֻ˵Ƕүȥ̿ƽ, д͸, Ӳ, ǸҪһ, ˽
ûʲôر飬⺰Լȥ
ԭ˵ǵڶȥɣȴЩ, ֻƽ, ʲô֢, 㼱, ȴ鵽˵󲻵õĵز
żæŵıϻӹ, ԭȥǰͷ˺, ȴûҵֻ˵ֵӦ˿˾һ, ȴû˵ȥ
Ҳ, бȥѰҶ, ˭֪˻ԺͶеҴȥҷˡ
һԴĺ, , Ȼǳ˴£, ˣ
һ, ȴ϶Լ, ɡ
, ˵ȴҶһв̫ϵõĸˡ
һߵϣо֪ǮϣǮǴűɴоֻǵģժ˱ɴͷؼ
ģҲ̫ÿ֮ǰ
бͲǸϲǷǵƢȵһ䣺ˣƽġ
һ㶣ƺû뵽ԼҶϱʲôҶǿСأ๫ô
С̻صүԸģҲơ
ǱǮɫԽˣƺҲЩʹϱӻȥˡ
һ񣬿첽ȥóǮϰַȥǮϵϣֶǮϵͷơ
Ǯȴڣ棬ڼҸǱ軵ˣڴ֮ͥſֻҪȰԼ
жȴû̫ģﻹǹŶأǿңҸոҲǮʲô󲡣ʶЩأԼģǲϣϷҲȲˡ
ϼˣδӲҪʲô
鼱֮£ȥǮϵ죬Ǯϳʹſ͡
ƣɿһһߵǷʳ񣬶ƣƶҲЩΣ
Ǯϵͷǵɡ˺ӵģ˭ʳ£
ȴûǰ˵ĻҲָ֪ʲôֻܵͷţˣƽãʳ壬ԵҿҩȥԣʮҲͺˡ
ʮ¾ͺˣ
Ҷգգ۾ЩֵŶϣ˵ʮ»̥𣿡
ҲЩ£ҩ̵ˣеĻܿͱĥ͸ˣϾһЩֵ顣
ƺЦŲЦͶڶ
Ȼи֣̥˭̥ˣ׳ڣоͷӦ㿴Ǯϵ˿ˣֻǻδɢټ棬ƢθԳҩҲͺˡ
˻һܶ˶¶˺Ͷϲ顣
ȻĴ󲿷˶ҽǣ⼸ʶһĥ˼ġ
ⲻǣô
Խ֪ԵԽöȤ
ڳ¶۾жģոǮϹǶҲװףȻϹȥҲǳ˵ʲôȷʵЩƲϵġ
ԼˣԹû֪⶷ͷƫƫѡףϲµʱʵûüߵ͡
úҫȷʵЩƲ
˼Һӳˣ˰ײ磬ûҪ״Ԫţ
ܱҫĶҲûˣɲ˷Цô
ûЦȴǿǮϵӣǾϾ˼ɵϯǾôЦҲ̹ġ
û뵽ǣϺ̹̹
һֱϹȥǰϼƽϣȴûƢ
෴һֱֻǲԽݰˣټ֮ǰӹ̼ϲԺҲǣԼҶɵĸֻ֣ˡ
˽ǰһǳ㲻׼ٴ˭뵽ϻҲ硣
ںˣ˼ԼɺԼİƣ򶼾öԲ˷ĺġ
ЦֻҲֲֻͬġ
ǸֻҪմǮ͸ⶮ÷еˣϳĬԵģȻԼŵᡣ
ԲԲЩŵľȣϵУҪϸţĪҪˣȻɾͰˡ
˵Ͼͽܣ֮ǰ˵Ҷϱǻģ
һ⻰üͷҽ߸ĸĲ٣ҽܻķȻ䵭θʣЩˣǲţֻȥҪ͵ʮ£ʲô
ʮʲô
鹧
ЩεкͱֵˣǰôûƳͷ˵оȻҲһ˵Цء
ЦŴȤûθء
ЩЦ⣬ɻķϵ֣Ҳ֪֪Ȥס졣
仰ͲٿǮϣӾȥҶҶȴеȸưɡ
ԭϷĿģһ㶣
ҶоˣǱϾǰֻҶӲСëצӺ׼׼Ҳò⣬ֻܶеŴʳҲ̫ãһˡ
϶ûԼʳĶãǼȻҶ˵ˣҲֲȥ
Ƭ̡
ϰϲϲһࡣ
޲εϣ
ѾղסǮϣ
˻һոջڱЦͻȻ;ȵĿŶϡ
㶵ĿУжԼ֣ͻȻվǺܿ˻ȥСġ
еҽŵù˵֮󣬶ûȥ١
ҲΪΣ֪Լõʵˡ
ϲ֮䣬ϵˮƲסµ
Ҳ֪ϲˣᰲȴЩ
ǶϷӦ죬һѳԼӣȫе㣬ţǮ
ЦҲֱӰǮ
ҲΪ˶ϻϲĵԼҽֻ˵㲻Ҳʳ񣬲һơ
ո˵ʳûţ˵Ҷʳá
ĬĬؿ˿ԼҶǰ˵ļӣһûеơ
ҶŶϵְοԺİ˹ȥ
е̬̽û˸ոյ磬ǸСĵĴҶ
ʲôֻΪԼҶү߳Ǹݽɫɲˡ
Ǵˣүȿȣܶ롣
Ǻܿ죬о¶˾ȵı飬ֶ˶ָϾЦ
ջ֣һ֣ϲ̣ϲɡ
Ѿʹȥϣ
Ѿû˵Ǯϣ
Ҷ
ģϵڶŷֶڲ
û֮ǰԼڸжɴӲھжŮԵ˭֪˭뵽
жԴϲûжǮϵĲͣĻص̫̫ӦѾµˡ
£˵˵̲̣Ҳеоǡ
ϱ㿴ҶסҶ֣ﲻ̹ô
С˲ζЩ㶣Ҳֻʶҡͷֵͷе˯
ǾûбĲģ˯ʲôë
ǱߵǮ϶˭֪ԼҽСиСء
һüЦҲƽѹˣˣ죬ǮҪģ
Ҳ¶üЦŽһϰͶϲ
Ǹ˵סҶϲЩƣããҾ֪иģҾ֪
һŵҶգգ۾ҲƣСķҶϣڵҶ˸ޣҪСĲС
ǷڻЩæǰͷ֪ء
Ҳ뵽˲Ա߸ԼףصˣȽйӣ裬ȥ˺ɹ˵ϱд¶ˣ㣡
ҲһЦӦһͿ첽ˡ
һֶûŵС˲ΣЩãȻĿǡ
˯٣ҶʲôһǺõģҲûиԼϰߣһֱû
˵ˣҶЩԥԼסԼ
һȷǻطŵСϡ
ϸϸģģҶȴ֪бˡ
˵ĻϲƺҲ̡
һҶ֪ܷŵֻˡ
Ҫǣͷϳݣô찡


62 
ҺѾֳһŵʱ, ֵȴûǰȥ˺ͷ԰
ѾǶȥĺʱоͺ, ǵʱůġ
ɫ, ټѾ߶, ǴϯܵȥԺתת, ŵȻʱȥǡ
һǰԵɿˡ
ʵɶԣؿͷʲôóҫͷΡ
ԺöҲ, СԪͷؿࡣ
ԽԽѣؿҲǸż
ȻͷǼϲ, Ƕ˵, Ŀƿ֮·ڽǸʼδкܳ·Ҫߵġ
ΪһżԾף, Ȼı⡣
ŵﶼ⿴εĳɼ, Ҳó, ˴಻Ǳ, ΪиͷŰݷãԼϵصԼĵ磬ҲͲ˵ʲô, ŵף
һ, ÿ˶е, ƫƫǴ̻, ˵Ĵʶǽһһһ׵ģֻݵĺ·Ƶģ졣
ڶ徻˳
һϵб仯翴
ǸֱƢ٣ǺԼҵܵһô꣬ɵƢ˽⡣
վѾˣ۳žҪסŴǳߡ
ڿˬӣѲɵø˸ȥ
ϵĵͷЦ
˶ĬûɵԳɼȿڣ۳Ҫůȵ£һſɺã
ȻǸѰ˼һڴʱ̤࣬ƫƫҴҵҴû
겻ΪӲãչѧҵδ飬ǲܳС
ѾᣬҲͷˡ
Ӻ˲٣ҲѧҵΪӹԺŽϸóȥֲǡ
죬û˵̤ļƻҪһϣһӦ¼䣬ȹһӾҪȥµѧýѧ
ͷ¶Щϧ
̬ãǸɣûмĿʱ䣬㿼¼䣬ҲǺʱ򡣡
Ҳ¶ЦݣȻӦʡ
˵Լ⣺磬Ǻʱ򣬲ҪͷȥǾˮϣ֪ʱǷԺʹׯͨԼֵʳƣ
һѾ֪ǶܸԼ˺ô
ׯϵʳҪ͢һ⣬µĶǶڻóȥ
еǮ٣Ҳࡣ
Ҫܺϵֻṩԭϣׯ˵ǮҲҪǵġ
ǰѴû˼ʹ֪еҲûֻҪԤܵ⣬ҲԼϱ֪
ϵƢ˽ⲻմȾǮܺ˵һմӾԴ̣˵¶ƽྶͥ
ܿţʱԹԣɻġ
ҪǱ֪ҪԴˡ
Ѿ³ֻ̣˾䣺𣿡һа̨ϣҲʡԺпܵ϶
ǣͷȻ
ǣֵһԣͻ⡣
Ȼⳡϵ飬ԼҸ㹱ף۾һת磬Сûʲô£ֻи뷨
˵ɡѶԴһֱǳ谮мӣһԼСܣЦݶ
һԲŵƣҪζ㣬Ҫиǡ֮ǰۼҵҺúãƷϼѣȴûеġ
˻һü⡣
ɶԣûϸ룬ھһᣬǸϻ۹˵ģֻǸͷ뵽˽øۼҵľƱˡ
Ҳ˼۾һת̫׶ʫƪβ̫ʫҳһأ
ⲻǵʱдϺõˮɡ
һ˵֣졣
Ⱥ飬ѧʲͣҲڻŽ֮Ժķӳ˵дȥҲʲô
ֻһ֣ʵòȥ
֮ǰϰҲÿϰְţʵ˵Ͻ
Ҫ˵дֺõˣѡģ磬ʶ˵УӵΪ㣬̸ʫģӴз壬ߣīò
ѶЩ˸һϲͨҲֻ˵Щ棺Ǻˣ
Цһλо֣֮ϴͬλ׳ʿˡ
֣
ʶһ£ɣû˵ͬӰֵܡ
ͷҲ¶ˣؿĵطӼҵҩ̲ԶԳЩ飬ĹղȥϢƬָ̣Ҳ̸һؿĿҺļⲻıϣҲһʱ嶯ͳֵܣûаݹӡ
Ѱ֮䣬ƺ͵ܵĲ٣ĵ˽ʵࡣ
ϾᣬЩƾѧδǰ;ϵ¡
һǷɻڴɽʶδЩա
ĵĲЩӵݡ
ڣС˼˭֪ɵİ˸磬Ǻá
ţͻȻƼܽ԰ӡ
ӣǰһȦֵ֪ܵ˺ͷңÿ˵ԺӶתһ飬ŵ԰ˡ
ҲˣػһתżѾǶͷðǰΣƼǵʱ˿ͷżɽ϶ĵɡҵλүˡүүϽȥưɡ
Լ̽裬Һ£ǽʲô¶ˣ
ӴĲУͷǣ£ϲ¡
ƫƫȲ˵꣬ϲֶûȥ˲Ϻɫޱ䣬ǵݶȥ
֪ˣҪ׷Žһ¡
Ӻ˲٣Լӣž󼸺һ·ϵĽݡ
սȥȴûƼͷʲôһƬ
ϺҶֿЦģҶ̬ȺԼһֻŶקţһֻſԣԷж
ǴŷӦЩ˵ļϵЦݸʵ⡣
ǶԱҪ½Լ˵ϱ͵͵ˣЦ
ЦǺǵվһԣǰСأһĸС˵ʲôСһ仰һͷʾԼסˣøרġ
ʱСۼ⣬ƼԺȶһ񣬶СŹȥүˣ̾ͷء
֪ǻ£ǵΪʲôҲ벻
ϾǸСӣҲࡣ
ƽʱȻһۿСش˿̵Ļϲƫ۶ԼҽûۿСأûƼˣ۾ֻҶ˺һƬޡ
첽߹ȥվҶ󣬶ƼʱϾͳ˳ϣһЦվԱߣó˵ط
Ҷȴ֪޾оֱɿ׼ȥ˲յ
ڱ˴ӱסʱҶһϺأӳŵùĹĵģϺóԣ˭֪һ̾ͱ§סˡ
ҶϤϤӵ¶ȣϤ˺Ľ࣬ϤϵĲҩζ
ûͷ֪Լ๫С˲ܸо΢ҲУﵽ׳˺£
˻һ˶۾ȥ
󣬶ԾڴЦ
ҶɵӢòϴҩ̿ԺѾ˳ȥһɨ֮ǰɷͳ˿еĿɾ
ţŹȻ١
ǱȴŸģǷ޶˵׽
ŵģҪĽˡ
ڳŮ춼ԼͬԼ๫ŻȥҲҪúø˵˵ѧѧ˼ɣѧǵ˵Ĳ̼ңҪҸСĽŪüҵǡ
һ۾Ƴڻ㲻ʲôأЦȥﲻˣǸ˫ӵˣýڳȥ˵١
ҶĻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀϣֿ˿ԼҧһϺᡣ
ץסص㣬һ£۾˿ϣֿ˿ԼŵҶ˫ӣ㣬ˣ
ҲʱڣϲүϲԼĪˡ
ҶĶȥԣͷȴʲô˲Ĵ¡
ԼͶϲһ֮ǰ˹üѣһȻǼĪ
Ҷ֪Լһ򿵽бҲϡ档
ټϼ黨ôã֮ǰСë׵һŶܱ黨ŪޣԼҲͦġ
¶ȴ𾪲С
֮ǰԲʱֻźԲȴӻΪԶŮԵֲû
нѾǶĸԵģӣʲôģ
ƫƫںˣô⧲һʱȻЩΡ
ոһܣټż飬󾪴ϲ֮ǰڡ
ΣǸܵΡ
Ǻ£Χôţýﵣġ
ǣҶҪεӾȻôվֱ˻
һ˲˻壬ҶȴƵ
ԼֱԼһһ֮С˲ξͷ˶ߡ
վ˿ӣϺҲˣĶ๫еۡ
һ̵ˣǸϽģȥЪŰɣúôȥɱˡ
ҶӦһԼʵȴʹȳžкСغӹæ
뿪۾Ц⣬ЩỨ
У෴һֱ󣬲󣬲
ֻжӿ˶ѡ
ڸˣҲĻϲ
ϵǳӣ۽ǣٿǵʱЦºͣҲֵף˫ϲţһ֡
ҶȻԺӺϣ˵ԴЩΡ
ʵָоѾûйˣӽãû˶ѣë
ȴǰͬ
֮ǰΪİˣΪĻϲ
ҶСغȳȥ֣߬С˲ԼķʽԼ๫ӡ
ɫ糣վҲʱˣȥҩ
һֱҩÿһ룬Ӳϡ
һ֣͸оֱסˡ
ЩɻĻͷƼϵ˰ͷ
ҶٴǶȥ˵˿̣󴺹ã͸˴ӳϣů͡
קק֣
ֻһȴ˵ҪʲôҶҲˣվǰ
ĻסŮ˵ϸ֫ſСϣ
ҶҲĻš
Ȼٺҩġ
Ҷǰַŵ˵ľϣĻصúȾҪȣӦҵġ
һҵҩ
⻰˵ģʵ⡣
ģûģﶼˡ
ѰҩҽĽҽġ
Ҷգգ۾ý˵ɲôҾҩǰһֱôԼ๫ӵģһҲɡ
´ţССôү̣Ҷүˡ
Ҷƽ֣
ȶ˲٣ԣһ΢΢ɿҶվӦģȥɡе졣
Ҷգգ۾û̻شֻǼ֣Ⱥҩ
֪ԼͷҺȣ㲻ҪȥˣҪȥǰʱԼ˱ǡ
ҪˣҲϲ£óȥתһתǡ
Ҷȷûŵͷ
֮ǰſڶס˽ŲָָԼ
Ҷɻ󣬶֮ǰԼ¶ԹԵڽһ¡
һĻԺҶƽƼˡ
ﺬЦǷ޺źãȴûг뿪ſԺš
ҶƼ¶Ц硣
ҶƽĴȤʵոʲôأ
ΪᶺԼСã˭֪Ҷɫ糣ࣺ๫˵ԺҪʱҪġ
Ҷƽ֣


63 
ҶҶƽƺ˵˾ʲô, ֻǿҲƲʲôߣС˲Щɻ󣺡磬ôˣ
Ҷƽȴûֱ˵, ǶԼõ峺ûٶ, ֻЦûʲô, , 㻳Ǵ£Ҳϲ£ҹơ
˭˵Ǵ, ƫҶһ˳Ȼѡ
Ҳ˵ɨ˱˵ĺģһȥöһõǿ, ҲŸո֪ġ
Ҷ, Ҷƽֲȥֻվſڻش𣺡ǸϰġĻȴȥ
ǶҶǶ, ҶƽֶûԼ, Ͻְλ˵󲻴, ˵СС, ƷٻܿùȥΪ˸Ҳض
Ҷƽȴûжκ˵ʺϵݡ
³ʴ𣬵ƾ˾ǺǼı, Ҷƽ־֪, λү߲̫ƽġ
˵Ҫңү, ϿҲͬ, ԸĴεҶƽףֻңүûҪô£Լ
ݣһүһة࣬ζܹңŶԡ
ҪԼϻ˼ֻǶδıɵ
۳ıμɵΣҶƽܴģֻбԼˡ
ҶɶϾϵֻҶһ
Ϊ˻Ųܱ¶ݣȻδһи⣬СþҪܵǣ
ҶҲûٸʵף˶ϣϵôӣҶƽȥһԵ᷿
СصȺİˮֶ࣬ŵҶǰ̣Ƿ˷ԸģոûԱ̫㺦ڳԲ£ӡ
Ҷ˵ڣܳԣ
ൽǰ㣬ϵһ⣬ҶȻܾ
ζļģܻƵģȥȸոճԵĲɫ١
ҶԵÿģҶƽֵ˫ĿҲ
ĸߴҲȱ˸һӣǶԱҶ˺üȦ
ҶʱȴǸСģ˵ˣ̫ʹŵԼСãСã㻹һ׮顣
Ҷ̧۾ŵĿ룬Ӳ˲ߣ£
ҶƽִӻóһӣŵҶǰǴЩģǸġ
ҶѾǵǸʶǮĳģ׬ӶС˲Ϊ˸Լ๫ֵÿ춼ѧһЩǮ飬һӵĶҲйơ
ԽǶ࣬ԽԸգģ͸ţʲôأ
ҶƽȴգҸ㲹ãױ
ʵҶƽҲҶģʱΪ˺ҶɶϾϵҲ˽Լû̵õܵܵĹŰӸӴɡ
ҶĺãŻŻɲϡ
ӾͲ˵ǶϾϵĲֻױ
ʵǽڣ˵ҶƽȴЩ᣺ʱ粻ڣƽ׵ίڸ㲻㳢һĿ
ʹǸˣҲǺ˼ңҶƽֲҶü޵˱ãͺùˣαķ̫ƽ
෴Ҷƽִûкܹ
Ҷ˵߳ǹֱģҲһ磬ϽҲףʹ๫ˣÿµٺ»ӣ๫أ๫˵ˣӶһҲȱġ
Сãôֱ˵ô
Ҷƽһʱ䲻֪ÿ޸Цջοġ
ãΪġ
Ȼ֣Ǵ磬͸ûģݼױڸѾǳˣ͵Ǵһģ˰ɡ
Ҷգգ۾ǵͷӦˣȴŲܰգҪҶƽֵʲô
۾תתҶ⣺ж㣬ȵȣȥá
Сظæ̣Ҫʲôȥˡ
Ҷȴ֣УҪԼͳȥ
ҪţƼˡ
һȥûеǰͱϽˡ
֪Ҷͷһεָ͵ĺʱЩȻҪúöϸϸԸ
ҪһǣҪϼ£Ҷ
ϿȻԼҶǲŽڽ˫ӣȻҪͶ˵һЩʡԺֳ˺öϱ
ȴ֪¶ʵС˲θΪԣǱᣬ޲һҳҳһԲ⡣
ֲиȫŻԺӡ
һԺţ߱ӭȥȥʲô
ҶסȷԼ๫º¶Цᶨػش𣺡ȥͶ˵꣬ʹС뿪ˡ
ǽţҶƽֻ¡
ȴ֣ҶƽֶԼû֮ǰĺͻģ˳μʱࡣ
Щ⣬ȴûʣҪ˵ġ
ҶƽȴûᣬֱӵЩʲô
ƺЩ⣺֪˵£
ҶƽҲЩ˵ڣԥһ²ŵ͸ղţſ˵̵ģⲻǽ̻ô
һ²ŶԣԼ̵ģһǽ᲻ø¶
Ͼ˭뵽ԼҽľˣǵڣÿζɵĻһ̲ˮ
ڱ˼Ҵ統ʵȴҲܱŵ飬еĻصô˵ǽ̻֮ദСȤˣƽ
ҶƽԭҪôһ£ʡԺٺŪԼӡ
ƫƫıֱ׳ټһȵĺɤӣ˵ĻƵġ
ԭҪҶƽҲԥĪҪڲƭҡ
֮ǰүҲû
Ȼ˵Ȼʵڻֻǲ֪ѣδȢף֪ЩҲ
һ˵Ҷƽ֣
ͻȻе㱻ĸоҶƽԼˣôȻȻĽ˵
ƽĶһԵĲյƿӴյߣòڵס˶Ȼɵ顣
ôǹأ˿
ʱҶѾСػˡ
СŸӣҶһݾͰѺùЦŷŵϡ
ûжҶƽ˵ʲôȿ๫͸𣿡
ʶûͷʲôͷǵĶˡ
ҶЦ۾ѺӸҶƽ֡
Ҷƽ˲յӹһߴһʵʲôȴƼˣ΢΢һ㶡
ҶߣסԼ๫֣ʮָۣһһ٣ҰɽΣ˿͸ðͳȥˡ
һ־ͲǺ˼ҵ˲Σ͸ͳȥ
Ȼ֪ҶΪʲôһֱҰɽΣòţҶƽҲãͬЦŵͷԣ͸͸ġ
仰ҶЦҶƽҰɽΣС˲һ⡣
ҶƽҲû̫ãҪϻȥ˸Ǻ뿪
ҶϵĲ򿪣ӸǴҵģ˵ҵļױ
Դ˲⣬ϵҶƽֶҶҲлݼױҪҶϵġ
мʮСĿˡ
ȴ࿴ֻҶȻǴ͵¾ǣױ˽պá
ҶЩ⣺๫ʲô˽
ҶǰǿӣûʲôǮҶһǿ
ȼ޵ԼѰǸԼǮԼʲôǮ֪˽Ҳ
뵽ϸϸĽһҶţܽһ䡪
˽ԼǮԼԼø˵ġ
ǡ⻰е졣
Ҷգգ۾ô˵ǲǰ˽ˣ
֮ǰ׬ʱô˵ģҶÿʹûʲô
Ҳ뵽㣬Լ˽ǮֻЩࡣ
ԭһоͶ˽ޱ
ɲ˵ҶŴ𣺡Ǿʹһ๫˽һҵ˽Ҳ๫ϻҵģҵҲľˡ
ԣɵÿҶЩ֣ղǲǳʲôģ
ҶĻһ£һ˫۾ˣûаվͳ磬뼦࣬ûġ
ȴȥҲţûģΪʲô۵ζأ
žģģÿ仰ÿֶĿϣů
С˲ȴգգ۾չȴչȥ˵ĴϣЩ棺ûԣ㳢
ЦЦϵĶҲСĵĲҶСػЦ̧
ӣҶģǲǲ𣿡
û
๫ٳ
á


64 
Ҷ̥, ǸϵĴ£أϻרŶгҶ, ˲
Ҷͷһ⣬ϷԸϵ˶ҪһЩ, ܳײ, Сעƽʱĳʳ, ҪɻҶӡ
ǣҶƽʱûʲô̰ͬ˯Щ, һûС
˶ẦڸŻ֢״ǰûУж˸СҶǸóԳԸ˯˯, ӹ̹úܡ
Ҳþ棬ƫƫʾҶӿԶʤ, Ѫ, ȫҪԲƷԼܸԼƵġ
ϱ˽³߶Ȣϱиĺ, кӻô̹ҿɾƼôһ
Ҳ˯ǰߵѵ, ɱҵʯͷʱǿˡ
˵Ľ, ʵҲЩζ
óϵ˼, Ҳ֪ϵСƢ
ǰԼάԼˣǹţȴϲͱ˱ȡ
Ͷ׽Щ٣Լ֮ǰ࣬Ҷȴ˳˱Ť
ȴûзǶϧ
Ҵɲȫӵˣ෴ڷϺϲʱţȻ֪ϵĲס
⻰ת˸ڱﱧ˱ϣʱøʢģԺȶȷʵǲ׵ĺܡ
һ֪ͳɡ
ǰ§øЩʵǰ̫࣬õҲùҲǿˣ
һ仰ʹ˷֮ǰĳζ뵽ҶʱݰͰ͵ģľõǸȷʵǸ˵Ķԣиģи˲ôĥܹӡ
ͬĵͷְѷϱýЩøãҲãۼôͺֵǸˣʱҲǸ˵ġ
ʲô
ƣȻΪ˶ܸˡ
һšһѣ֪˼ңأ
СҲԼ๫Ҳֻģۡ
ֻǷϵĻѾÿЦãո㻹أԼ˵
ϵ˵ã˵á
ڴǰ滹ܺͷ䣬ЩСϣǸ˵ʲôʲôˡ
Ҳһ̵ҲĵģۺãҲиģ˶٣Ҫŵȣ硭˵ţսŮ˶ߣ˵˼䡣
Ϸ죬һȴûƿˡ
ߺ챻ůʣǱǰ
ҶȻ˯óѵҲǸá
۳ŵ¼䣬һʢţĵ飬Ǵɫ԰ʱҶҲȥЩɫ
ǰҪʱҶ߳ңֻڼ߶߶
Ҳţ·ݱҶǳһЩټһòеıϲصޣȻǸϧֻڼﰲţֲŲ
û˶Ϲ˵ҶȥϵԺڿЩ
ϵҲůãӣֺ֪ӳתתӺãÿÿ׼õģҶǡ
Ҷľ͵ϵԺһžͿǰ廨
ӸҶҲ̧ͷûϵߣֻЦŵɣ裬Ѳˮˡ
ǣˡ
ҶҲֻ֣Ҫ϶ѲˮʱǰˮʱҶ𣬵ǾñȲˮúȡ
ϸר׼ţȺһ룬̰ɫģȥ㻬Ҷ¶˸Цݣϣóԣôģ
⻰Ȼϸϸĸ
ȴֻˣСһǣʵڲи裬ȻԵġ
Ҳŵͷ
ʵѰ˼һ˺ӣؼҶŹŵźţҪʲôʲôԼҶ̲̫һƣ֪ԣʲôóʳԸԵƽˡ
Ҷһţ˸ɾһԵȰˮڣһ˫۾ȥǰܣʲô
רע룬ûº͵ĻصϻĺˣкŮȥǶ١
ѰѶģȻ幦˵ãȴٶߡ
ˣһݶԺӵ⡣
ллҶŴŴģ˵ȥƣžµͼ΢΢ȣĿϸ£ϸֺÿ
С˲β壬ܰдһ˫֣ҲָԼôϸĻ
Ѳ٣ҲٲĹ򣬿öȻֱܷûһ幤Ǽõġ
Ҳ䣬ЦºͣӵͷһȻҪЩĪҪվţȥǱ¡
ҶԹԵĻȥ£۾ȴǳһԿɩû
ҪʯͷǺǻõʱճ㣬СûأǿֳӾͳЩҲߣӰպãǶյЦŵʯͷҲģ˵Ѿܱϼ־Ǹġ
ҶϵĻ͸ŵͷʯͷȷʵܺѧϴ๫˵ʯͷϲˣǲźŶҪ
һ㶣⻰ôԼĲһ
ϴηϹ˵ʯͷһᵽˣء
˵飬ֵҴУҪȥˣȥڼﲻøһҲùúЪűǡ
ҶͷӦһ
ȳ˵ڶţҶЩ⣬ʱǡ
ӰϺҶװϣϺ򵥣ǰϺƶɣԭѵãԸʣϴϾͼҶϲҧһڲ֣ϺҲ͸š
Ҷ๫ģ
ЦģҶͣɩҲУҳģø
ҶӦ뿪
СװϺʳУҶ߳ϵԺӣʵ̣Ҫֱӻȥ
Ҷˣ˸ЦӯӯĵȥԺתת
СӦһԼҶӦǻأҪȻͻȥϺԸɾˡ
󣬾ҶȥͤЩҪǷ˾Ͳóˡ
СأŶ
Ҷ԰ӣƼͤѾˣס˲ӣ԰Щɣ㲻Ҫȥô۾һɨҶƼˡ
һҶƽ֣һҶ죬һʱû
߽˲ϳⲻ֮ǰڹ̯һѺǸô
Ҷͷһôùˣżסˡ
ҲϳҶȽҶӡģʶҶӡΪ̣ڣǰѴҶϷĻӻĽ˿ȴء
ֻʲûǰǺҶƽһվԶ
ҶԶԶ֣Ҷ
̬󷽣Ц˳ȥһë޲
ҶƽЩ⣬ϾοҶڳԳԺȺȾںٯٯԼǰҶҲһڿȴǶׯúܣи˼ҵӷ緶ֺƲŴ
Ҷȴ֪ѾҶϰߡ
ȻϧأǸ˵ĸý̵Ĵû£ܼҵڽ̣ƽʱ̬Ҳڽ̡
ЩƵģȥ෴᲻ÿҶǽ̹Ҳϸһ˵ףﶼй
ıƫҪһˮƽ٣ϾֻйƽܹլҶСɣ˭ŶϲǻƫһЩҶġ
Ȼǿ϶ԴϻҪЩҶʱǸͻ
Ȼǽ̬ɶϸĽ̵ûбҲû
Ҷѧ飬ÿζǣӲ㶼ϸϸļˡ
һ̵ϸ£һѧģµǱĬҶѸлǰ˺
ڵĶģҶƼ˺󣬼̼תġ
ҶƽǶҶ¶ЦݣûдкЦȴóƼˡ
ʶҶֿ˿Ҷƽ֡
Ҷƽڶ͸ģദҶƽֵҳӹɣ˳ƽ˵Цվ͸ߵƵġ
ȴ׾ٵľЦʶ
һ⻰Ҷƽ־֪֮ǰԼõ˳ϰæûи߳ʣԼүҲ֪ҶԼĹϵ
¶ûʲôŵģҶƽ̵صүá
Щ⣺ãϴô˵
ϴڽϣ˶ӣүҪ֣¾ûڡ
ʵͷֿҶһǺŮӣҲǶĺá
Ҷƽһ⻰۽һ̵ڼ޵ңҶɵӡ
ʲֹ֪ԼЦɣŶԭɵɩɩ⵹λ͵ܿҲմմ
ͤȴûʺҶƽֵĶԻҶǰɩɩҪȥ
ҶЦſˣڻѣҾͲȥš۾ƣ𣿡
ʵҶʵҶƽ֣ȴ⣬ֱӵɩɩҺ˵ӣоҵҶ׳ʿ
Ҷһ㶣˭
ϴҵɽµʱ򣬾ҵλҶ׳ʿߵӣΪҲǼõġ
Ҷգգ۾¾ȡ
֪ҶƽֵݵģСҲǳ͢ԱǰֻϷйϵȴ֪ԼҴǸµġ
һٵģܸܲƽͷǰܺɣ
ǣӣлǺˣ
ҶЩ벻ͨ͸ֻŻȥԼ벻׵๫ײŶԡ
ЦſתʵҸ˵ҪȥϿɫ磬ˡ
֮ǰ˵ҲҪȥұһҲȥˡ
ҶЦЦƣСذʳùݸҵϺڼԾУϣҽ軨׷ף㸮˳
ˣҶл
ҶҲûжС뿪ˡ
ȻԼԺӣţһ۾ͿǰϺ
ģ˵ҲҶ׼һݣ֪ҶϲԣûжҶˡ
ڼҶϵ˲ᣬվһпɺã
ţأɺÿˡ˵ţҶǰ۰Ͱ͵ĶϺ
˿ӣһݵߡ
»֮ҹ˸ιǿˮʼҶϰ˱ͶιȻȻľҧһڡ
Ϻⵯŵζִ㣬ҶЦ۾
ƺǶ˵ӣιּһ飬ʵﲻרŸһû𣿡
ҶҡҡͷĶȥŵɣҪȥԲߣ͸ˡ˵ҶԼɻ󣬾ͰѸո԰˵Ļظһ顣
꣬ȻҲ΢ü⡣
Ҷƽ־Ǿ飬ļߵ꣬Ǻ£ûʲôþȵġ
Ҷƽ־ȻӵӣĬȥҲҶһ
ƽͷһ˹ͲͨˣǵӻģֻУ׹ݡ
ǸӶǸճģƫƫԼСܰ˼ҵ֡
һֻֻ˵ֻǲ֪Ǹǻ
Ҷգգۣʲô˼
˵Ǻܿ뵽ҶƽּȻһֱĬԣб⣬ȻƾҶ۳費ֲֻᡣ
ҶƽҲ׼˵ҶģЦ֣߬߬Ҳǲµġ
Ҷգգ۾๫˵Ƶġ
ü͵Ŀּ˿Ϻݵߣ˵ʲôﶼţ
Ҷһ߳һߵͷɲô๫˵Ķܶԡ
ȴԼ֮ǰ˵ЩɵĬĬԼ
˳԰Ϻ߳ǰ¶˾ģͷҶ˵ʵʵ֮ǰ˵뿪ǰҪһ£ʵǡ
ɲ˵꣬͸оĴС
ζеĹζ
ҶŽż˲ʣ˵ʲô
ǣûʲô
¶ǻͷ˵ɡ


65 
οıϴοЩ, Ժؿ, ֻǿԵĵطԶ, ûеȷŰ񣬶ǻ, ˵ǻؼҵϢ
ﵹһ糣, ΪβǷŰģ̬ƽ, ûϴε˰֮Ŀܺͻš
ֻΪ׻ǻᵣǵġ
˵ܲܵУϵĵȴһһȥǷ񰲿, Ƿ泩
Լ֮ǰǰŸ첲¶ϴΪթˣ֪ǲʮ, ټϲ̼ҰˣȻͰӵԺ
ȴײǣ֪Ǽٵ, Ҳ᲻ԾĵԼҶͷ׻᲻, ʱʱľͻȥСĸ֮Ǹȡ
Ҷ⼸Ҳûȥ, ֻԼԺ
ѾĸµĶӿʼԻʲͬЩ¾ͿóС¡ЩǻƳС
Ҷԭ, ԻȴȱЩ
ֻС΢¡, ԴЩĳ΢ڵƲˡ
ֻҶԼǲԾĻַС, ʱʱһƺƵġ
ãҶͱʯѿݳߣ˳ҲܸԺҩĻݡ
ҪȥģǰҶֻȤҲ⿪ģۣȥЩ׾СؿɲţܹȥסҶ̣Ъžǣ
Ҷûµġ
СȴûĻ֮ǰ˵·ݿɲۣҶүҲ˵Ҫеġ
СأҪǿ˲ҶͰСڵëųԡ
Сһ̾ϢԼֻ󹫼ܻڣûбǳҲ漣ˡ
Ҷ֣СͷСأʯԣϰŵʯѿݡ
ԭԺûʯģֻҶϲŻȥӣ˰ʯʯʽרŷյĵطҶţ߿ʯѿݱɹ̫
ʯר˺棬˺ȥ
ҶרעĶϵʯѿݣʱʱһ¡
ʯѿϵ컨Ѿ価ڴˣýӲŶԡ
ʯѿݽʱȴѰʵǰɣŰ׺󲹣ܾٲȻ졣
Ϊ˱Լûгͱ񰡳氡ĳˣ׺ڽĹУҶСİԼס
ƲκҪϸƼҶӰŵСҡҡλεġ
С˲ǧʱûٺֹʵѰģҪˡ
ʱ򣬻Ʈ㣬ˡ
ʱҪժȻûþͻ˥ܡ
ЩҪ˲εʱŻ˳
ˣ˲ξǶѣܰҶҲû׼
ſţҶ;ˡ
Сص̹ԡ
СӦһȥϴ֣᷿ͷŵó
ྐྵС˲ѧļܣõǿѣǳ˵ģƺǷŹǣζ𣬹ʵҲ͸ζ
ֻϻҶÿҲͳ԰ٿڣԡ
ѰϲྐྵӵḶ́С˲ֻϲζѡ
ǿĿӵ鷳úܡ
ǰŵĹӣҶɵָ˽ƺҪҵһԼ±ĳĹʡ
ʱߡ
ҶЩ⣺๫ôô磿
ЦЦҪؼң˵ҪһԷҺʹҲͻЩ
ҶԼ˵ģ񶼺ʹһš
סҶ֣˵ͷҪôׯϵʳҪ࿴
ȥׯϣҶЩġ
ҵׯӲСĵ軧Ҳʵһ·ݣҶϲҲͲԼ๫ȥ
ǵ£ֻ˰ʳˣҲԼȥ
ҶӦһ۾ֿͷĹӡ
óԣҲ֪ҶͷӣԼǰקקСù˸ŵСӷŵһԣһŹӣĿ˿ǣʷŵС
Ҷ۰Ͱ͵ţ߾
Ҷ۾ڶϵĹӣ߸ĶŲŲȥ
ְһŹʷŵĻȻȥ˯һǰһẰġ
ҶѾ˵ʲôˣǱܵĻش𣺡ѩ⡣
ȻܾҪ󣺡ãеġ
ʱ򣬵ѾдŶʮŹʣİ档
ֲİԼĪʮţúõİͷ
ʵļ˶ͬһ򣬰ڳţȥġ
˵ӣ۾һֱҶ
ⱾԼӳԵģҪװҶʲôӦ
ǵһӣͿҶſˡ
ϲûͿֻ֬ԭķɫ΢΢ſʱ峺۾۰Ͱ͵Ķƣֿ
һӾ᲻öˣȻȻİѵӵݸҶġ
ҶӹֱӰĹӵͣ˺˿ڰˮ۾Ц
ǳûչȥ촽һ£С˲ȴ㿪ԼǱߴ˴գ´
һʱ䣬Щֲ嵽˭˭
С˲ȴʲôԵģסʱҶ۾˸Ƿ
ȥ˯ڴʱô˻µõƱҶŰɣǵ˽
Ҷùƣһһţһţ
־ǴˣЩѰ˼һӶܲ
ҶǮϰߣ𣬽࣬ЩҲǸ֣ûʲôóԾġ
ԼǮϻӷŽȥҶŤͷʹյһ£๫
Цű˲ĶͷǺã˯
ԭҶ˯ǲ˹ܵģԼ¾˯
ɶԴЩС˲ξе㲻ҷѹӣԽСԽ˯ţ֪Ժ󣬾ͳ
Ҳǿڴ˯žˡ
һҩ䣬׼һ˯ɷ˲ҳ
˵ǵͳö紵ְ˲ƲΡݣζʣ΢޶β࣬񣬶ǣֹ£аŮһ֢Ŀġ
ԭָǿͨϣҶڰ˯Ѽ䣬ģģţƺ˲Σƺ˿ģһ䣺ţͦĵġ
ԣΪ˵λأЦţͣ
ֱоҶƽ˳ͣ
ϸҶȷ˯ˣŵİҩŵһԵİϣС˴£ʱ仹磬š
ҶȥȻȻȳɫЩѾһպùһա
ǰֻڼУһ˵˵ϵ飬ҶȻԼϽ֣ȥ߶߶
רȥ˾Ѱι£׼̸̸й̶ӵ顣
Ƚ˾̣һι¾Ϳʼ¿ˮ
У̶ӵιѰ졣
ƹٰͲСܿóǸϵˣҸΪѵõǣ˱ȱ˹ϵĶࡣ
ʵбµ˲٣б»ȴࡣ
֮ǰȷʵ޲̼ңû̼һǣʲôʣ¡
ˣĸɾ䣬ƹ֪ⲻǸ
ԭֻҪ̶ӣȴ飬Լ齨һ֧
齨̶Ӳ˵˵еģҪоͷģҪ㹻˴ѵĻƷ⣬ҪҪ㹻Ǯ
̶һȥûиһǻزģǳһҲϡƽ
ҪдĽǮͶ룬ܻܲرҲǸδ֪
Ѱ˼Ҿǧ˰ѾһӶˣǶ̶˵ǧ˰ǰҪɻƽȷɡ
Щ⶯Ͼ̶ԼﻹЩñ˵ܱȲԼһֻɡ
Ǯ״ȴԥˡ
ι̾˿ƹ˵ܽǣҪǮ̶ͣӵ׬ǮǮδ֪Ѫ޹飬ҪȫҲܻϡ
ҡҡͷƹӣȻӦҾ㻹Ҳ˵ʲôǲܿڡ
ι²̫ףΪΣ
Ȼͻ裬һ϶УΪʲô裿
ƽϣûǮѻ顣˶٣ι½˸ͨ͸֮ǰƹҪ̶ӣǰǰ⵹˲̼һģݻƹͲǷ顣
ι룬ת
ƹȱǮǿǮׯģǮӲ¡
ôظҰæܲͻȻķ
ҪĿڣǮֻծǷԺ󣬲δǮܻܲϣǻȥˡ
ʱƼ˽˾̡
ɸ֮󣬱Ǻͳһġ
ʵ˵ͬ·ֻǸдʣүڱеҲû¶ò׽˸͵ȻҪ߿ںܶ϶ͳʲıϣеǻ˵
ȥʱ˵һ·ʱ˵һ·йũ̸ƾһ̸ۣò
ĵͽȥ
СƣҲٺȣ飬ŲþζҲͼٺȾơ
ȥֻ˵£ǼɻģҾԼĲҵЩ
˭֪һţƼںι̸
ԭƼˣҪ뿪
˭֪ԼϵŵĽ˿ȴͻȻװŵ֮ǰҶǴλ鵽ģţվԼҪ˵
ˣʱȥʰ
ɾڳȥʱѾվſʼ˼ˣԼܲתߣδʧ񣬱վ
֮ǰҶ˵ǵ飬ƼҶƽ־֪ǰλӣϸϸͿóʵĴŲס
֮ǰҹĶҶ㲻ϸʡ
ڿλȻֻһϮûʲôرģӾͲˣһаƴ壬ⶼѰա
ˣȻǸճġ
ա
뷨Ӽᶨվȶ㲻ؼң
ڼµıոջǸģڿԹԵվֱشҺͬ·ҵطЪһЪ
ſˣֵӣֿҶƽ֣硣
Ҷƽֵͷ֪ǸҶԼһģ˸
һЩп
ʵֹһκͳԼ磬еޡ
ϵźܶ࣬Ŷ˶ⶣڳʵȻĴЩɫ
ಡ֮ƫƫи˼ǿǣͨȴԵǻ
ĳĴꡣ
ڣǰλ֥һˣԽпЦŵλҶɣɳ㡣
ųʵͷǳһûΪݵĲ²Գʸ߿٣ƽҼɳӹգ¸м˵ţιµЩ
Ȼô˵ˣʺһԣ׼һġ
Ҷƽվſڣݳ
ǲȳʺڣһϣ𣺡̶֮£ֻ̾ʱ˲ãҿһǻģȴ¡
ԭιţİˣǾͰЪһЪͣһͣ˵
ûͣ˼ιҲȥүҲ̫ģн취ġ
ȴǮ֮£ֻĿڣұţ̶ӣܴҳ鷨ֻȥģԹͨ·һ˻滭ʦҪ;Σǳ͢ҪҲԸ޳ṩĲȡʵһٶãƫƫ
˵ͻȻסˣһֻ̾Ƕ̶̵һȴΡ
ιһ¡
ʲôʱ˵ֻ¶ˣô
ʲôʱ˵ͼ¶ˣûʦ
ôү˵Ļء
Ǿι²֪ôӦԵʱ򣬳Ѿվ
˵ĻڶȻҪι¶öࡣ
̶Ӳ٣ǴǰĹߣʲôô
෴̶ܶӶ͵͵͵͵ȥӲɸ˰˳͢Ĳ
ڳĻͻȻЩ뷨
ҪĿ£Գ͢ãܴĻܸգΪ˱֮ǰԤţǴ֮£
ͷһʾͶɣ֪ɷ˵˵̶֮£
Ťͷ˿ƺЩԥ
վߵ˳ʶ¡
̬Ǽõģһһž֮ţĶƽʱӡЩ
ף˵̶֮¡
ԭͶ̶ӽйһı׼ҲȫģټСಡڼ˿ҲûʲôԵ֣鿴öˣݵ˵Խ˳յĶ
˵꣬ʲԾĸƶЦã뷨ü
ظģȴһЦ
ЦǿЦΣֻǣҪǮ֪
˻һʾ͵ҪǮС
ʲǮΪ壬еǮԶֹϵЩ
ԴӷԼķأǮˮƵģȱľˡ
˼ҵģԼģԥһ£ܲԼǮ˼ɵɣ
һүôܺͰء
Ȿҵһ뷨ˣԥҲϾҲǸಡ֮ˣҲЩ棬ܻ©

ΪСʰųܲ³ԼҸʲô
˻ڲסӣ
ԼֵΪˣֱʣּȳõľ˼ҵĿ
֮ǰڳǰ˵˺ܶĺûʵвԼҶڲһѺ֡
ֻЩ󲻶ֲ٣׸磬һĿȻ
۳ԼϵҪƽȥˣЩԥ
ɵʱ򣬳Ѿڣҵ˼ˣǺüƣ͸ʵС
ΪǸŴϻ۵ˣ֮ǰ˵ʱ򣬻ЩţϾ˭ûа취뵽һǲŵܶб£ļˣرǸոһɣۣ˭ŶֵΣֳϿҵӡ
˭벻Ե뷨
ټ˵ÿֶĿϣƫƫֲںǮȻһļϡ
ʶԼĳƺһ䣬֪³ɹ롣
ʵʱѾ˰֮⣺ǺüƣվĳɬŲⷬ뷨ʵ첻ԸҲֻͽκΡˣطϡ
Ȼ˻һʾʹӦȻ˱ȻҪģһĿУǮҳˣǵ塭
̾һ᲻صģԲ԰׵Щ
ߵĻһת߷Ҳˣߡ
ţǻ壬Ͳã߷Ȼй¶ݵ֮١
¶˸ȵ飬󣬽ı˸Цݡ
Ķųһ֣ΪΪֲˣѵãʵǳ֮͢
ʱͲںЩǮҪɢүվ͢ճҵģΪԼ飬Ȼˡ
ԣҲվסɲǴţ̵֮Уȴû˵ļթϰΪ룬˲ǳ֮͢

ҡ
󿴿ҿֻԼǶҪֹסĳ鴤
ԼҶװǵı£ôģôһһģⱾȴûŴأ


66 
, ˲, ˵й̶ӵ飬˵˵žǣ˹Ҵ¡
ĳ͢ȻǴ̵ո, ȻвٿĿİ顣
Ϊ壬ʹҪǻΪ, ЩԼһǡ
ͬҶһֱԹۣҶ, ֻҪ䵭ĵƫƫһϵ˼Ϊ˴Ͷ˼ݵĮ
ɾΪݵĮ, ƳһЩƲ, ΪǷ䵭ŸĹϺ
Ȼں, ǲױ֪
Ǽ̸, ʾͿڲͬ, ɵõ, ѧʺܺ, Ҳ㲩, ΪβμӿƾΪЧ
ɫƽ, ǳƾ֮;ѧ, Ҫ˵ԹΪһ츣һΪ֮, Ӳãӳʼҩˮȣ̵˿ƿֻ֮࣬ҲҪڸεʱ·ϣʵΪ١
ЩϧȵǲȰ˵
վſȫ̵ҶƽֱЩĪܾãԼ÷򲻻ֻΪΪ͢ףϾκĵЩֻ˵ҪҶһõû˵ҹ֮¡
Ҷƽţȴ˵ĺһ
Ȼڱ߹ս꣬ײСģƽʱӴĲǱ굶Щ̵ٳ鶼һ֪
Ҷƽڱ߹صʱ򣬾طʿ˵Щ̶ӣ̶ӸɵĶǸΣյóףóǴǲҶĵ֮ضǼ۱Ȼƽģһ
Щ˽ģûаڵ˵
Ҷƽֱѿʼֱ˵¶óʲ죬ĪĳʲûвˣֵߵߵҪǮ
ҶƽһʱС
ũ佫ȻóۣҶƽ˼ȥֻܵõһ˵ԼĽۡ
ĪǣԼ÷Ǹֱǹˣ
ǰԼûص̫ˡ
ô룬Լü޵Ĳͳɶڳ͢ҳϺȳͿóǸɾҶɱʾ⡣
ڣ̶֮üĿϵҲɿ첻١
Ҳܸˣһʱ͵Ҿ̵Һʮֳһֱ֪ɷһ
⻰һֲ˵ɩɩӲãžζ𣿡
Ȼ㣬Цֻһ㵽ΪֹҲԸΪҵġ
ԣͻȻ
һۣЩ֣ǺܿͰǳ飺ƿҲġ˵ţͷιµ֮ǰó
ƲҺƣǾĸ¾ơ
ۣȻȲѰˮȴⴼζƳ
ιҪȥȴҪÿģ¿һƿƲܰҽսύĺѡ
ʵι±Ǹܾˣô꣬˾´٣ι˸̵ˣղһֻΪԼٶҵԴתʵ̫죬еϡ
ǸոһͨĻ֪ܲڸ̶أ
⻰ιĵûпġŶˡ
ǣιһ۵飺үƿǸⱦģһƿȫˡ
һι£ȴȥˣٽľƣֲΪ֮ģкϧġ
ιҲõ㵽ֹȥá
һһȥóЩ棺ξƾȻѵã
һЦС׾ƣ˵ѵõҲ㣬ҺƻҪһ
ԵľƱȣֻԼҵıȣʸ߿һ㡣
ȴ֪ô˵ֻΪóûȹҺưˡ
Щ֮ʹñ⻰Ҳ͡
ܿι¾;ֻǸոյûڣʾ˵þơ
ЩĿȾ֪ˣ
ļ򣺡þƣڻûڵʱŵ㣬ζű֪Ǻþˡ
ҲЩҪֱ֣Ŷϡ
ͷԼҶ磬ŵƵ͡
ŶӦһԹԵİ˻
ʶƱ촽һǼ𡣡
ЩȻû֣һ̣Ҳĸˡ
û֣
һˡ
룬ԵƣһͬΪȡΣ
¾ƱԵͷãȻдˣι£ñī
˻һںȲǺԼ
ֲáֲøղŶ綢Լƣ
֮ǰֵһ԰֮ʱ˵¾ȡ顣
ʱԼѡ̫ʫʣҲԼ˵дһֺ֣¾ٺò顣
⻰˵꣬ƿһʱҲ˸ɾ
û뵽ԼҶ絹Ǽǵ
ںˣԼˣһᶼ˷ѣץסʱӲ֡
գ΢΢ŽɫŨҺΪ׾ƣʻӺд˽׶֡
֣ţȻԣдһֺ֣ɷ裬ƮȻ
ǲ˸ӡҲãǸˣԼóȥƹء
ȴûиŶȥңΪ˺ͬ·飬Ҳ̸ˣ̶ӵ⣬ȻˣҪȥϷˡ
ߺһؼҡ
ոͳ˵ĻǼ٣ǸһҾͱϽߣҲû˻ᡣ
ֱӻԺӣĶҶȻƬ̶뵢顣
СĽţ᣻ûÿ֪Ҷû
ȥѣϴÿɵϣȴű˯ֻǲţشҶϣһ˫ĿĶԼơ
Ȼ˶˵Ҷһ̥ɣĸ˻ȵģȲҲ룬Ǽиġ
ȴԼҽ࣬༫ˡ
ѰҶϲȥߵģС˲δɽ̫ãˣȻϲ̻ĵطȥҶϣϹ䣬ڽֱߺ⽣Ҷм顣
ڷֻ֮ҶڼвٳţҲڼߣʱ䶼˯ˡ
Ǿ˯Ҳжûǰڡ
Ҷͬ£Ȼ֪Լҽ˯Ҳڲ˯ʱ˺úõţһܿҶſԼϡ
رӺЩ֮Ҷ͸ճ
Ҷ˯ˣƽƽţ¼˶Сžۡ
Ҷ᲻һ࣬뾡취ҳʱԼӡ
Ͳţ֣ĸҶ첲Щ
۾Ů˱΢¡СԺҪúТ˳ܹ࣬ȻҶ㡣
⻰һ;Լ˵ʲôأ
С˲β֪Լ๫ʲôֻģʱƼ
ʹûȫ˯ѣҲʶĶ֡
Ҷﻹиոھʱ緢ڶҶͳָ飬æıסҶô뱧ĸź󱳡
ҶĲԴſͷ˸Ƿȴ˵
˺һӣҶŶ˶ͣ๫Ҷˡ
ԲɵЦ֪ģǽﴧ˸ޣ֪ģΪ˸ء
ҶЩףȴֱӣֻʵʲô˼
Խճˡ
Ҷ֪ڶԼشһ£Ҹճ㣬๫Ҳøˡ
̰ýЩˣȻˡ
ܿҶɿȥ˶ԽϣȫѹС˲ָֻ²ǶڳԷм顣
Եʮ»̥ǰǲԺȣҶͬʳԽԽá
ȵʱ˾һӷ磬ǸոջֵֻҶ
ҶˣԼԽ̵Ķϱ¶ˣԷʱҲһ̬
ٶȲһ̧һͶ綼˿ԼС
ϿҲΪҪԼѵɹҪǣҶԶģʵϲĺܡ
ʵ˳ԷҲѧʵģԼҴϱķ飬ƽʱԵ٣¶һھͶһ⣬һڲ˽һһڷҲҪԺþãϱ㲻ͬһԣܾÿԼԵҲ㡣
ҶһǶʲô棬ҲʳóԵĶԣҳԷʱһָϵĸоС˲ǰԵö࣬ھʲôóԣʲôԣȻÿһڲ˶⣬ôԶ
ųžͻǣ˫۾Ҳ£žͿۡ
ţԶ·
ҶԱߣҶһ뷹ɵСҪ
ЦЦ˫ӵˣЩ
ҶóϺͷ϶ǹһӲ˸ϣּһӸϣɩļĸãҲЩ
Ͽļ⣬һʱҲǣҲǣջǷŽ
óԣǺóԵģòʳζķϾȻһ˲Щж
ĵľС˲ѩ⡣
ҶԵģСҲģŴ׷ĸãмź֥ڣпζ;ǼóԵġ
Ǽɿڵķ϶һ飬СʯͷһһԵǡ
֪ҶϲרŸ׼һʳЩȥŵ쵱ԡ
Щ裬һ˾һ˵˵ЦЦɫŸɢȥ
ҶСʳУԼ׼ȥʳ˳ȥƺԺӵһΡ
һֱϵл˵С׷ȥ磬
Լҽͣ˲ӣŤͷȥ
ҶǿʱҲЦܡ
æҶ񣬶ſСƵϴЩУȴҶڣ¾ŵԼҶɩŬķŻ磬㡣
ûʲôҶģ⻰Ҳû߿££Ҷŵİ˵
Ҳ֪ҶأԼҶǽҵ飬æǽʱЩףΪֻô׵ĴӦ̶ӳӣ
ԣһۣ벻ͨ͸
Ŭ룬ջʵҡҡͷܵ޶ۣ󡣡
ҲţԼҵֱܵӵĪҪΪʲôɵģ෴ԼĴϻֻۣҶһʶҵ˼ǲƳģ˵ƳҲ⡣
µλǷ֮˽ȥҪ˵ʲôҪʲôܴ֮Ŀģֻ͸˳ʵ˼
Һֻһһ֮ҪĲǮСǹ֮ҪǼҹ̫ƽ˴ͬȴɹ;ͬ飬ı
Щ˵װףڶ룬㹧Ķһ񣺡лл磬ܵܽˡ
ȷʵƣ˵ĻҲȫǻѻ滰
ԼҶȷʵǸµˣԼСˡ
ЦҪߣȴҶʵ๫̶ˣ
ҶǮҲ֪һЩ顣
ʲôҶܿóΪʲôǡ
С˲ƽʱԲװŵĲһˣ๫ĵȻҲš
Ȼϲ˵֪ҶҲŸˡ
ԣЦסһֻֻ΢΢¡Сţˣ˸ˣ
Ҷɵͷô࣬ˣ
ΪѸոնԼ˵ĻҶһ˭֪ºЦŵԣǮ࣬ðײá

˵ģô֮ǰ˵Ĳһ
ҶҲʣŽ˾ͺã˭Ųܡ
Яȥȥ׽
һͨ͸졣
ְҶԲ㰡


67 
, ϾͲĵ, ҶҲͳȥ߶
ʱһƼҲڡ
Ҷʶҿƺʲô, ϼ״Цʯͷûû, ˯Щûܶ˯˯
, ⻰ɵͣת֣ʯͷС, Ͱ, ̫źãҺͲ󣬼Ժ, ̾ˡ
Ȼ֪ʯͷϲ, ʵôĺ˭ϲأ
Ҫ, Դණ, ˭ϲѧ, Ǽǵÿ졣
ĺӻЩ, Ȼǰġ
Ƿȴ֪Խ米Խ, ԼȻŮ, СʱҲûٶ֡
ֻǵʱķ̰, ְŮҲÿȡùҹûйڶش١
ȴţԼСʱ̫٣ǳԿ
Щ֪ƫƫͼǲ
ϾۣලСʯͷץƾԼˣûãñҪ涼ʯͷޣſޣ˭ˮࡣ
ƫƫʯͷƢ˳Լ׵ģһʵʹЩִӦ˾ҪССĺѾŵˣִֵҪƪ֣˯ˡ
ʵҲûý𣬷ԼҶӶ˯˯
Щ鶼ܶ˵ģܻһЩֻۣʯͷͦģý⺢Ӿ֪ʱ֣ǹɣﲻõġ
˻һϾЩԥˡ
֮ǰʯͷӣǸùͷƢ˵ģĺҪȵʵ̫ѡ
Ƿôһ˵Լˡ
ҶС£˷ϵĻԾĵͷǰ๫Ҳ˵ʯͷǸѵõĺӣѧԺȻдϢġ
һ⻰㲻ٶԡ
һô˵ĻѧҵҲţⲻͶ˸ؿô
ǱϾʲôŴ󻧣ûа취ùְҪһֻпƿһ;·࣬ܺùࡣ
ʯͷǰ̣ҪԼж︣ɡ
뵽Ͳٶԡ
Ƿ뵽һ£ɻҲգٹǲǾ͸÷Űˣ
һֱӣԵͷǣˣҵǲģѧеģζܿ˵ͻȻס˿ڣת˵ǿҲ£ͻСĺӣԺĻúܡ
óڸԼοΪɩɩȴĥ־ģܲѧڣʮĶҲôһϻ۵ģУûˡ˵ţ϶Ҷ˸ɫ
ţõƼϸԼӵ̵ԣеġ
ЦЦ֪ϱ⣬ֻٲḮԵ¶ˣϾԽ˵Խţ˵ķЩ
⻰⣬ȻȻľ͹յҶϡ
ҶСᣬҲԾطŻĸ˰ɡ
Ҷ㣬ͷ
ϵĸҲ̥˲ǡ
С˲β̫ʲô̥
֪ͷһ⣬Щǲɺ˵ˣʡʱ£Ǻﶯһиоġ
ᶯ
Ҷһ£ʶԼǸӣССģһ㳤С
֮ǰҶ¶ʵûʲôֻǾöеģеΪϲԵԵʣʱԼͷ˸С
ڱôһѣС˲βʶԼ˸Сδͻһʯͷޡ
ңڶ⺢ӻҪġ
ҶͻȻԼСƺоô󲻴
һֱԺҶ˫ַڸȥġ
Щ֣ʲôأ
ҶǰûֻǶԼСţ˵ᶯˣʲôʱ򶯡
شЩЦá
ȻǸˣŮ֪֮֮٣Ҳ֪Ů̥ԼúӶӾܶģҪһܻᶯġ
ҶȻû̧ͷֻĬĬĶСƣ죺
ԣΣȴû߹ȥҶ£ָҶֱϡ
Ҷ̧ͷûҲûá
ӶҲ̫⣬ǣһžûҡ
⻰һҶЩֵĿ๫ǲһʱƲƵʲôҪ
ûʲôҪǲ⡣
ҶǰҲԼأֱ׵˵ѰﶼҵģӻûֻӲˡ
˻һҶգգ۾ʲô˼
еĻش𣺡ҳԴˡ
С˲β̫óԴʲô˼˵űģ˲εʱŵľôˣ֮ŵı˳ԳԺȺȣûй˳ĵġ
Ȼ֪˿ĪĴ⡣
ҶԺֻһʱ棬ĻϲʹΪֱŤС˲λǹԹԵİԼͷŴãֻ㣬òã
⻰Ҷ˵ĺϣóԼӸڱŤʲô
ʵҶҲ̫ԼŤʲôرڱҶ峺ӶţʲôԵ˼㶼ӵ˾⡣
§סҶ˵ʲôȴСص̣ˮպˣҪ̧ȥ
Ҷ˵˾䣺̧ɡֿ๫ҪվԡͰԱߣҺú㣿
ʵС˲ε仰˵ʵ⣬ȻԼԼͿ๫úã࿴泩ء
ȴԼǰסԼҽϴջһٿɣȥ鷿Ȼͻ뿪ˡ
Ȼ͹ԼӶԼ鷿˲ᣬȻһжȥ
ԴǻεҶԡʱϲϵĨء
ǸӣϸϸģģλƵġ
硣
һǺ˻̿ſڣƼһֺĿ⿴Լ
ֻϲý￴Լȴ̫ϲ˵ӣʲôأ
˵ͻСأҲ̫ܲסָָ磬Ļȵģôе㷺찡ҪҪƣ
죬βãֻκá
ҪϺü²Ρ
һɫָյĳ۾к£
ǰһӷŵǰոͶġ
ѺӴƼһŵͼ
ŵͼͬѰͼСƤģ湴ĸϸ£һָо֪۲ơ
˼ԣǸĪҪ֮ǰӦ顣
ɵǡ
˵λǮϴ󷽵ЩţǸüŵ鵹ǰֲǡ
ɫ糣Ľͼ۾ǿһᵱлġ˵꣬ȻһĴһü£
ͷһӷŵϣָֻƲûҿɡ
С£ȻֻܾǶ˾䣺ô˸㿴
ʵвԺͷͬѣҲƵƵǳȥɾкöȻϳˣûҪҪԼ
ǿ˿ǲѰСĵĺá
˻һɵÿ˿Լܡ
ӡһֱǸֱˬƢˡҪó͢øáǡáû̫ۡ
ӵѧӻҪǹٳ;û˱ӻȻҪԿġ
ԭܻСЩԺ۱á
ţԼˡ
ɵõͷôֵģ
һĿǼǮ˼ңȴմȾͭƷи߽࣬ҵȻ㱩¶١
û˵
ջٿԼҲܣ˺ӣƼһ̨
̨ʯɫϣȥָ
ȡãԶ졣
ɫЩǶϪʯɵϺö⣬Ʒֻ࣬쳣
⻰գգ۾ܹأ
ܹءص̨ⷽʵܳŵһ̶ӵǮˡ
ԥһ£ǣҪȻ˰ɡ
ذ̨Żغӣ⻰̵ҪãҪãȻ˼͵ģΪ˸ã𹼸˼ҵһǡ
ĻԱͷ̨
뿪ıӰţϹȻɵɵ
ʱ࣬鷿ԼԺӣҶѾѣڲԱߵˡ
ֻԵЩĲɣϰԵĸҶˣ۾Ҷͻˣ
ҶĶºпջˣҵģô
š
֮ǰĹζڵζģԼֻöŵĺܡ
ϴҶϲ˯Ҳ⡣
þеŬԼ۾ĪҪԳ
ҶǱһ磬Ǿûʱ˹
СϣͻȻ΢ĴУǺȶһᣬָоǴģأҶ͵۾
űڻУѵʱû
ǰǳߣʱ˯̤ʵ
иС˲Σÿ춼˯øҲ˯𣬷ǳ״򲻶ĺˡ
ڣҶش˳ȥҲûж
ҶǳŴûֻĸоһһµ
֮ǰһֱʵʵıȴͻȻȻֻģȴҶоúԡ
ԾЦЦǵ˲ҶĪԼҲԼΪʲôҪЦ
ʱҶʱ̥ʸлʱͻȻŵһ㡣
ڲͬŨңЩ嵭ɾŵȴ޷ӡ
رŵȻǺشᣣƫƫ޵ȴܴ͸ᣣҶŵ
ҶĵһӦץԼķ˿ţоһͻȻ𡪡
ζҶʵʮϤ
ǧꡣ
ܳζģһؼʱܾĶ
һ񣬶ҶͻȻŶӣֽŲõĴϷȥСᣣЬ˴
һԵϣҶҲ˲ǲԼˣ££ҵķߵݡ
Ƽڴߣ¹͸ˮкأ˴ǰŵһŷα
ϣŵıҶޱȱʯѿݡ
ֻԶҶЩƲС
ǰߵʯѿݽǰʱſԭҶŵСӣȻɿҶɵӵ¶˰۵Ĺʵ
˿̣Ű׺ĹŨƢ


68 
׺Ҷõĵһҩ, ҲҪġ
黨ȻãҶվǸ˵, ﲻԼ๫԰ҩĻҲܺ, ЩҶб޻׼, Աʱ֮衣
ܾ, ǰ׺
СѰ˳ȥǸ̲ʥƷ, ӵЧǻҶ֡
ɵ֮ʵĹؼʱ̣ⶫȴܽٶٲǺòˡ
Ҷϣտ⼸, ˫Ժ, С˲ζֵıŻԺɹ̫, Ϊľгһ˹ʵ
ҲֻаҶķģյԼгһһƼǸһغ๫а׺ڣܰ
ھı, С˲β᲻
ڼ׺, ҶҲ¶˸Ц, ܾЩӵŬ˻ر, ռǹҡ
׺㻹, ζǺŲ٣ǶӲ̫ô
С˲εʱ򣬳Ҫ˺ֵѰңÿնҪԼ˰߳ԵΪб˳ƺΪҩҩУ˲Χûжġ
ľҩǳ֮Уڶ֮ԣҪժĻա
׺ҲˣڽʱʵҲɢʵĹ̡
ȻȻȴûаֺô
Ҷ뵽Ҳ˲ǷˣҵĴ᣹ŵĽҲѰĺʵЩܿסҹ硣
С˲ֱӱ˰״ɻ裬˴ӣִţ첽ߵԺ
ȳţ¹⣬ҶſԼϴŵĲԼѣһĶֱ֡
ѴʣǵҶȴǿģ°ڻ˵ء
ҶʯѿݷʯϣԼǷŶʯϣ֣ذѰ׺ʯѿժ¡
Ķᣬ׺˲Ӧ䡣
ʱŰװԲԲСӾʹҶġ
֮ǰСΪ˾๫ǰƤʵĴߵġ
ͨĲס׺ζζԲٶﶼջֻƤӲȫ赲ס
Ҷվ°ʡˤ׼ȥҸƤѹװãҲ˳ſͷζɢûС
С˲ûз֣ԼժӵʱСһƬʯѿݵҶӡ
ҶỺڵأûҶע⡣
ҶƼˣҲʲôҪʰϾϣʯѿȻҲ̲ЧԼأС˲Ȼ⡣
ҶطʱͻȻиںĶԺյ˽
ܳӰԡ¹£ſһֱɫĹ
ңֻһֻ
СǱһζģСƽʱټСڵβëϴαֽ֮һֱû룬Сؾ͸չЩ
СرϾҶ£춢Ȼ֪СʵҪ΢ܴӼѵդӳ
βëûˣڳϵĻʹ
СھôζҶԺ⣬֪Ҷط̽ͷ
ȥҶʲôСҲ֪
ڵת˼ȦգƼ˵ϵƬҶ
ϸϸģССģɫЩ
󹫼ԴյȥһͷͰҶӵˡ
ҶţСתȫԼǸгļô߸ߵİԴڣյ˳ȥ
ҶҲ֪һֻߣѾźŰ׺ƤӰţһľװãϻӷһ
ҶΪ˰ʯѿݱȥ
һ껨ܣ˹ͲٻڶΣ˵Ҳûá
ֻС˲αϾôãѾϰÿնƼˡ
ȻݣҶͰ·Żص˱ϣغŴֱ֣ŵ˴
๫ڰ˯ҶС˱ȥ׼°Լص˵֮䡣
ո´ʱûѵģҶһ˾۾
ֻ۾ȻˣȴһЩΰѵʣȥˣ
Ҷʯѿڽˣȥơ˶٣Ҷĵô
ûУֻǾ䣬´γȥĻഩЩﶳ˵ţƺ⻳ĽƤ§ĸЩ
ҶԹԵţԺ󲻻ˡ
ȵƣһҶıһֻȥС
Ҷһ׮飺ˣ๫ҸղŸоˡ
ģҲЩ᣺ʲôˣ
ҶشǰоԼ˸ĴС
ᣬССģȴ˯ͻȻһɨա
ͻȻǸֱӾʶҶϻģԼܲܰѱȺָŪûˣæ¡
ҶȴµĶŪЩ£๫ϵĶأ
һ±סҶȴûСסҶ֣ӸոոҴ˸к
ҶҲоղŶжĻҶֱӰԼִ˴գǺͺӾʶˡ
ɱĸĸô룬Ͼʮ»̥ģѪԵϵնϣ̸ʲôϲʶ
С˲ȴһֱԼס˸ޣСȻСҲǸˣǻأȻҪǰ֪һҶԺɱϴˡ
ϰԼҽصڲֻͬЦЦ§ҶʶˣԺԽԽ죬ǺͱùϵʡԺ
ҶϮ˯ոǱѵģԲҲЩ
ĻҶŻش𣺡๫ڣŲء
óԼӵΣһ̲ˮʣҪǲô죿
๫ڣ¡Ҷһ䣬ȴû˵꣬˯ˡ
ֻıţͷŽ΢΢¡СĻǺˣԺҪǲԣΪа취
ҲöӶ˵Щ֣㲻ٿڣ۾Ҳ˯˹ȥ
ȵ˵ڶ죬оҸ
ǲʱҪƿģҶпѾ˸ҽҩ漣˵õĻãڻúúõģԽҲ
Χ漣Ļܲƽ׵Ķˡ
Ҷ۳̥ȴǽЩҲΥ˶ҷ˵˼ʱܻҶҲϡ
ȥʱҶ鷿ι̸£ȷްȥҶҶϵԺˡ
δ˲ͬѰǰϸϸһǴֶ򼸸һ𣬻ƽοգѩϣԽԵϸ
ϲ̫ϲˣԷЩиģֻ˴Щܲ㣬ҷϵ㲻ϸҲƲϡ
֪ϱ˼׼ֻΣµ˶Ҷ
ҶͷһƼΣʣƲûͶϵɡ
ЦЦóǽΣΣİףݣǺÿġ
ҶҲƯЦŶϵлˡ
Ǹϣа׵ϽӲӵˣÿĽ
ЦŵͷҲĽõˣɺܿ뵽һ׮顣
֮ǰЩĽҶĺøϴѿ󣬷϶ԴҶԽʵ⡣
Щģԥһ£ʵ˵֮ǰһʯͷʱ˵ҽʳȻ̫࣬ǷҲҪЩ
⻰һҲɵסҶ֡
ȻϸҶҲϸϸģ֮ǰɫ˲٣ҲûΪжʲô㲣ݵһ
ϼǵԵıҪ࣬ԽȥĶûϣĶ˺ϣŽС壬Ͼ͵
ʱϱˡ
нţ֪Ǹո˵Щʲô񣬶ȥҶɿֺЦӿһ̥ļá
ȴ˵˸ոŵ飬ĩʵٸƣǲɣڼɿڻü
˻һҶ۰Ͱ͵Ŀϡ
ɿڣĲ롭
˺ӺҶԽ׶ԵҲ࣬ļɿˣС˲Ҫίġ
ҶҲ֪ΪԼãٳЩҲϵġ
ֻǲԾطСϣƺڸСմк
ȴûЩģش𣺡˵ʲ̲ͬüɻʲôóԾͳԡ
ʵҶĶҲûͬ·ݵĸ˴٣˵лΪҶԲãݵһء
⻰ϰģĽĿҶ
ԼҶôӦ๫˵Ǿ仰ǿྡˡ
ɳԲ֣ǷΪֹĽˡ
ȴ˻صԺӵʱҶܸ˵ŶӣͺӴкȻЧģ֪Լ֣Ҳ᳤ֻ̫ҪԣС˲ξͺο
һ뵽ԣҶ־öӶˡ
ŤͷСأûڣСص̣֮ǰүԸСţ⽣Ҫȥˣ
ţǷԸõģϾͿʼŵģò
ҶһͷҲЦ⣺ȥˣҲ鷿һ롣
ǡСӦһСȥС
⽸նûʢСع̣ϼҷˡ
Ҷ֪ԼҴ£ʵһģ
λһǹȥү鷿ϷԺء


69 
Ͻ, ȫΪ˿ҶΪǸʲô˼ҡ
Դϴ˵Ǹƻ͸˷, ȥϺг, ǼȤġ
ǳʸ, Ϊ˷, һϰߡ
ڼҹ, Լ⣬ڳ͢⣬ʱȻܰƯƯȻҲ׬͢еڱ
ճ˼ʹϵϣȴԼǰܵ
ڶүһֱܹ̹ȻĽܡ
Ȼĸţһֱڻʺ, ǰ, ŻʺӣʶڳСʱû˻ܼ̳дͳ, ˲ٲ¼ɣƫƫռ˰Ҳóʵӹң˸Ƣ
, ֻҲɲ̸ǧغֳ¶
ϻͬ, լԺ֮, ҹɭ, ȴⲻùĶǡ
ܼҵıѧļ, ̵ķҲĲ޸ʺһһΪǣ磬˼顣
ϧԼ㶮£֪綮µĴǳԹ˲ģҲԼӣ¶Ը
ҹ£ϴܡ
Ե飬ﶼ³̡
γʻһ˵̶֮£Ͼ֪Ҷͼġ
ͼͳĿԹ棬Ҳ˵ʲô
үľǮ¿ҲӦ
ֻϸҪǸʲô˼ҡ
ҶϵҲȥңǶϲµʱȥģƲѰҷ硣
Ҫų뿴ҵǸʲô˼ҡ
ҷܽöŮĿΣҪ˼ơ
ȻԼүҪƭ
ȵңϾͲԾͷ
լûм檣˼լƽ
ǵ軧﹤йأȵĸǸܻ˵ġ
ǰҶԺӵһ·ϣƼܰ㣬ҲܿѹŸ̻
˼ĺܲġ
һ·ỺЦºͣ˭˼Ѿת˺ü䡣
ȽҶԺӣƼ᷿ҶϵЦЩô㣬ĪҪҲźá
ҶˣȴûֻЦ֣⽣һɡʾСظʢһ롣
ϱԿ֮ѵ׽ҶԼ˼Ҽ͵ģҲûоܾҶĺ⡣
ڣϾ΢΢۾óԡ
ǳԹöģ³汾ϵĺóӶھǣʲôеġ
ů㣬̿ڵʱ򣬹ʵˡ
ҶЦеĵóԾͶЩÿμ㣬ǲ£ƽ׵İԼһƬֽ
⻰Ҷ˵ĳĳ⣬ϲԣӲȰΪԼɩɩҪЩ֪ģʱԺÿĵģҪǲҲԣʡķܡ
ϲͬ˸ƫƫݵĳ档
˵ҶǸɳԲ֣ϾǵЩۡ
˽ЦЦãġ
֪ԼǳԲֵģЩ걻ʹҩ˥ӣγĴúܣһЩ⣬ôһҲûˡ
ϲЩ˵ģһ⽣ס
ǣЦŵǰȥ·ǳŶӵǱһȦ
ҶԲɵõӿɺã
ãǼǹ㣬ҳţСءϲɵڴЦ
Ǹ˼ģçײЩһνĺܣ˲١
ҶҲ룬Цǰ㻹ûȣû㣬ӿұ㰲ˡ
ҶǺ⽣õСȥҲñˡ
ϵĻҶԼСͦԵġ
Ľȴûϣֻˣ
Ҷ뵽磬Щϣ๫أͺá
Ͽ⸱ȫȻӣԾǡ
ʱ仹磬Ҳôĺ̸꣬ϱҶӡ
ҶЩ֮һ֪ҲͬЩ鷳ģӼЩȨġ
ϵĶģһ濴ҶĽһá
ҶȴóԼĲϵĺÿС˲ŵѧϰǸѧЩһֱЦӯӯģžϲ
ҲǣҶߣվá
ȴӣҶԼƷʱϴóһУŵҶǰ㣬ɿӡ
Ҷգգۣô˭˶Ҷ
ϴζ飬ҪͣС˲μϣԺȥǵʱҲܿȥˡ
Ҷ˺ʱƼпʯ
ͨˮԲԲһţʱֻø
ڷתʱҶʯеɫ
ɫʯҶЩ죬ȴ˵һʱ˳˼
ҶĬģΪǲʶ񣬱ഫԲѰʯ죬ȴһůһЩ
ůС˲ΰŲϣЩ档
ϵͷذƣ߬סҶָ֣£ս
Ƭ̣͸оЩȵĸо
ҶЩ⣬ɵ̯ȥ񣬵¶ȴûɢȥά˺һӡ
ůֵǼõġ
ϼϲЦ˵ڴţǺõģ٣ţ͵ůֵˡ
ҶȴϵȻǶӺõģΪβԼţ
һ㶣γԣ
ӲãȻжӺõĶȽòǡ˵ţҶסϵ
ʵͷһؼҶ֪顣
ǺԼ๫̥ͬģ飬̲żҪһϵǺģΪʲôҶ֪Լ˵ҶҲʡ
Ҷ⻰ȴϵָһ
֪Ҷֻ߬סܿߣѾϰߵϵһӦĪ֪Լһֱŵܣ
¶ֻԼ֪ġ
ģ́ͷҶ˫Ȼ峺ʱոеĽ䱸һ˲߽⡣
Լ˵㵥ȻҲֱ˵ĹԼɵʵǲӦá
ôõŮӣԼҪ޶˲¼ʵǶԲҶһġ
ÿ˼˶ƫƢģϺܿ¶ЦݣӱͰܻˣҲãα˷˺ö
Ҷ촽
ദʱ䲻ԶͶǰ׽С˲ο˴˳˼ϴãҶҲЩ
Ҷֲʲô֢֮Լ๫ĺζˡ
Ҷҿ˿۾Ƶʯѿݡ
۾һ£߹ȥʯѿһƬҶ
˸װȥְԼӹͷҶݸϣ͵һˣӿ
ʯѿڴߵıϷţǱϣϲͷװʲô
ӹҶʵ̫СȥֻǸմӡ
幤ǼõģҲи
ƫҶק˸ϺĽ˵Ҳʡ
ڿ˺öϿ㲻ʲôȴ⿴еġ
ʲô壬ʲôУںֻͷҶִӲϵۡ
ЦŽӹлл㣬
ҶãĪҪˡ
С˲ε˼ţӺãȴҶĳģġ
Ž˻УĵͷұȻţġ
ʱ࣬ϱǣֻȥǰʱûƼʣҲֱӳţ˲Զ
źֿżϽȥȴԼţ־ϵȣϻæȥ
ϴ˿̵ûҶǰȫȻڴŮӵֹأü۶ŵĮ
ϴӻóҶԼĽϸϸĿ˿һĨЦ
ЩģӣĶģĪҪͷĶСĶӲá
Ц⣬ӣĸһҩȥûùٻܻȥ
˻һֵ¶Щۡ
үֻǹڻʺ£ǻʺʺɵȴү֣ĥԼ
һҩŪһĪ˵ãӶˡ
ֻȴûжѹģȻǵģǽĺãеĴ˼֪ʵˣΨˣ漺̴󡣿ңҲ̫ûŹ˭ˡ
ֲ˵ֻǾĹߣʹĿ̾Ϣ
ԺС˲ȴǶɫ˰죬Լˡ
ϴټϿƵʱһ͸Լġ
ǿͨ巺ϣɫöࡣ
ҶգȻķů⡣
¶ЦһףŰʱϽķӣϸĴ˸ӹͷ
ֻҶͷһԼӴĲÿЩᡣ
ʱƼҶһӣһ鿴ʶ
ʲôЩ¡ûֱ˵ѿֻЦ˾䡣
Ҷ˳ĶǻҴӣҸѧġ
֮ת̬ȣôѧˣǴ
ҶĵͷݸҸղԹžůɣůҲǺõġ˶٣ҲУʵҲÿŻﴧҲûƼ
Ҷ͵߲ܣյȫգӹ
ȵ˵ڶ죬ɾȻ͹Ÿӳţȥ̹Ȼ
һ죬ظ¶֪˶̸үӹҵ¶
˵ĲãľǺõģҲˣæӸҶţȥ
ҶЩƣôô֪ˣ๫˭֪ġ
Сһԣ˿졣
ү˴үү˴̡
֪ˣ͵˶֪ˡ
֪¶ֻڼԼҴʱ˵Ӳÿͻһ䣺ӵ⣬ǧء
Եĵʲôû˵˭֪鷿ʱ򣬾ͼЦݡ
¾֪Եɣһ
Σһ˿Ц⡣
һԵι½챾Ϳģ̶ӵˣϾ̣׾֣۳žʵʵĽڼˣιҲֵ˵ϲٶҡ
˿ϲ֮У
ι̻ص˺ٰͨüɲϲô
һЦƽٰüǱȻģǷ˺ͨҪıˡ
ιµͷ֪˵̶ӵ顣
ھͽŵֻһ㣬ӵ鲻̶ӳȥÿ˶ҪӶһá׬һЩǲ׬ûͼô鶼Ҫ롣
ιѾԵˣԼٶҵĻհǣӦ뿪
ڻȥԺ֮ǰŲ˶٣ȥСһš
ȽţȻҶббؿϣ齼ϵһӡ
Ҷȥﲻˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôЦЦʳ̵ϣִʳУȴ˵
ȻҶŵŵζϾЦ
ڽߣһŽ
ߣԶʱʱιˮݸº͡
Ҷ꣬ŵ⣬ϲġ
ҶһۣС˲ͰӵһԵ˶ȫȻǵˣϲʲô
˶٣󻺻ϲ㡣
˻һСؾĬĬ˳ңţʮ֪֪Ȥ
Ҷȴû˿ļ󣬷ֱֹľϣĻش𣺡Ҳϲ๫
ı͸оҶĶֶ¡
ȴûܣҶߡ
ںӡ۾ûأͽкҲţҪ󵽡
⼸ǹѵŵģԼӲҶȻҲңͳԲãԵǿԵġ
Ҷܾ׽ԡ
˽ֱۣ˳Լ˴սЩƺŽۣվ˵ʱ򴽱ˡ
ǰ˴½¶ǣƣҧһ¡
һ£촽Ů˵ľѡ
Ƭ̡
ĨƺСЩġ


Сˣ´µİɡ
컹أȰѴϡ
Ŷ
ɾٯٯʱ˱
Ҷɵɿû͵صĮȥɫֻƿӶСأͷʲôأ
СһֱſڣȻ֪
ǰѾɤŴĺˣϲˣүֵ˰ףͷ


70 
˵ϴɵͷ, ˲ǹά·Ļºֵ˸ͷ, Ǿı
ڱϲ֮󣬾̴ϯƽϻ˶Ǯ
ʮϸЩҲ󷽣ϵЦûͣ¹
ҶβûͬȥԺ
ǰͷ˶࣬иײҶҲǸ˶, ҲϵĲ˶ʢһݳ, С˲Ҳֵòȥǰͷ֡
ڿʱҶƽҶ
Ҷŷ, ԼҴˣСصȥ˫ӡ
СӦһںá
ҶƽֵҲԼӿ, ºȰŵĺ̵һ, Ҷ緹
ֻǵ˿ʱҶûꡣ
Ҷƽֺ˵ĵĶͬ, ǸûȢ׵, ŮӻʱԶٲֻҶԵĻϲ͸Ÿ, ܳǸ, ͦͦá
ҶŹ, ˳ӣЦеҶƽ֣磬Һ£
ģҲ㡣˵ţҶƽְŵĺӵݸҶ
ÿԼ˶ͶҶûжྪȣЦŵлֽӹͿһЩСϲߡ
࣬Ƶóϸġ
кϲСұŮϲĻӣ׼ĸȫ
ҶСҶƽЦ뺢ӳкüأ׼Щˡ
Ҷƽº͵ĿҶǸǰƢǵҶǰ˲٣ЩҪȥҵŮʱǻûأ׼ü˾˵⡣
С˲ǰûӣϺͷһ˵Ҳ࣬ҶҲܹƳԼеģҪ˾ʮ£ڻ¼ء
ôһ㣬ҶƽҪ뿪ĸ¡
С˲ǸƢ˭ãǹ˭һȥĸ£С˲βŲȥʲôأҶƽֵĻЩǣʲôҪȥôãǴ˰ɣ
ҶƽּģæôǴأ߹ذ֮ǰһֵʮ겻´ҪܾҲûġ
һսҶͷġ
óҶƽֶҪбܻ䣬ҲʣֻǵǴһҪűԼȥǹٻǣҲǺõġ
ٳ֮£˵ͲģҶƽ֣ҪӣҲߡ
ҪҪؾȥة࣬ʱܻҶƽҲ֪
˵ɱı߹սΣЩǸûʵľնЩ
Ҷ⻰˵ҶƽָЦͷӦ£ãȥˣҾͶСá
ҶҲ¶Цݣ˵ͷ
Ҷƽ뿪ǰҶסͬҳһԼӣ׼Ҷƽ֡
ǲ֪ΪΣС˲λȥһƬʯѿݵҶȥŸ
Ҷƽ뿪
ǰԺϯһֱ˲ɢϵڶæͣȥƿ֮ǰԸԸ棬ɵ˰ףȻҪȥԸġ
һȥҲԸմմϲ
ҶȴûиţϾʢζ˫ӵŵ˵ģϱҶ˼
ͬڼеĻ
ɽȴûȥ鷿ﴦ񣬶Ҷڼ԰߶
๫ԼԺתתˣҶȻͦϲߣ뵢飬Сڣ߲µġ
ЦŽ˽֣ϴ˵߶ЩӺãʡĵʱۡ
жԼҶޱģĶʮֵλûЩ鶼Ҷţӻ̥࣬ЩֶӣԼҲˡ
еĶᵽҶ˯顣
ԵĸˣҶֻǰ˯ѾǺܺùˣ˲ĥ
ֻ˯öˣҲ⶯֮ǻ٣ʱҪЩ
¶רҳʱҶ߶߶̵Ĺ¶ҳ˾ƣûļ̳׾ƶȿˣЩǴ˲ŻȥҲû˼顣
ǸߣҲĵġ
ţͿҶֱߣʯѿأѰ㶼ŵġ
ҶЦеĻص˹㲻רɹ̫Ҳˡ
ͷʯѿݽʲôӣʣֻ˿
أҶ챧˵ģʡ¶Ҳá
ҶԼҶҲ⿿˲԰ӵĳУҶʱʱԼӰӰӣżתغʱС˲ЦһЦ
ʲôȤ¶Ҷ֣ҲǣĪľ͸
ѾǴشأ︴յʱԺͷĻҲĸá
ȻϲţԽŵľԽϲĿѤãȻҲ֮ǰԼԺô󻨻ܡ
ʹصʱҲҵҪȥЩݲݣĺܡ
ֻҶ˼У۶Լӡ
˻ɻȫ˸ҩۣߵĻȻҲûʲô͵˼ĶҶ
С˲ζЩҲ˵ϲֻһʲô
ֻ԰תתú˼
ʱһ紵
յķ粻ͬڶ졣
ºķ綼Ͼǵӹι۶۵ۡ
ǵ˴죬¶ΣܹǴůϲʡ
ҶͣͣŲ̽̽ͷ๫ʷŷݵġ
ûӵֽ𰣬Ҳиϲݣʱ죬Ȥúܡ
ԿСأС̻ص֮ǰֻЩɫҲ㲻ҺӸһġ
ҶЦЦСصͷǵðӡ
Ҽˡ
Ȼֻ֣ŷݿԣ㲻ܶǷԺǣһǣˡ
Ҷ֪ԼӣЦӯӯĻصұͲԼţܰܵҲŲ𣬵ȵʱ߾Ϳġ
ΪΣ˷ŷݶϲģԼ˿¡
Ҷ̹Ȼصۡ
ɵһЦôˣҼ۵ģ¿࣬벻ʲôʱˡ
С˲λϸ룺Ҳвµʱ򡣡
ʵʲôʱ򣿡
оʱ๫Ҫҿɶû˵µġ

⻰ҲöҲףǲԾľܱҭס
ʲô¶ŪˣʹûҲûʹÿҶô̹Ȼ˵ЩҶɶö䷢̡
һ⻰ɲܺ˵
ҶҲѧģֻ˵
ЦЦû˵һأûסǻûоأȺˣٺúĥ
ҶӦЦеġ
磬Ҷɵðַŵ˶ϣͷϴλң˵飬һֱʣ๫ȡ𣿡
˵ͷȡǴ£Ӧõġ
ȻչӳĸºŻЩԤûҶŮͽٻ˼ҲǺõġǶӣ˳żŵĻǺһõͷһ֡
Ҷһ㶣ͷСʯͷʯͷĶӡ
⻰ƵĵʯͷֻСȡСģĴƣȡҺ֮⡣
Ҷ컹ͷһ֪ʯͷдģʯͷʯͷĽϰˣ̫
ŵٻͲ֣˼׺òҶ֪ϾС˲ʶֲãܰȫѾǽɼȻŵı㲻ҶҲͨ˳ϾЦ
ʯͷСǵĺҲиСģȻɩĺӽʯͷǵĺСʲôʯӶ
üһ
Ȼһ㶼ǼҪ˸ӽʯӶֻԼԺÿκ֮ǰҪЦС
һСԺȡˡҶ֣˻⣬ŽϳЩůСȥ˼ɺã
ҶȻЦͷӣʱȡСͷ
ֹ˸䣬Сܹүǰи˵Ҫ˼ҡ
ɫ˵˭ҵô
ûУӵĴ̵ۣġ
ƽͷӣĴǸ˼ңǸ˼Ǵ̵ЧģĶЩо֮µš
һ±֪ǸǸýţûȢ׵Ҳһ
ҲĻؾˣ˵˼Ҷڣи飬
ӲʣӦһͿ첽뿪
ҶЩ棺˶࣬ʲôģ
ҶǰߣŻЩۼںۣףԺǰΣҪ׵˶١ѰʹɩڼңҲǲģҪɲڣٲûͱ
Ҷ˿ҪȢף
˼ǲ̫ô˵µġķסҶߵЩ
ҶϸĻģ㣬ʹɩڣҲҲˡ
ͷЦŵ
ɻо仰û˵
ȢҶҶʵäƼޣǴźݵãǵʱҶ˵ԼҶҳͰѺóҲûһĽӡ
ǺԵޱԼȢҶ
ǲÿ˶Լĺ˵Ҳ˭Ҷĺø
ĻΪ籾ͲմҶҲЩˡ
ֹ˸͵˼Ժӡ
ǸҲ࣬вٶǮ޲
ԭԺЩդΧǽȵŶԡ
ȴиںĶվΧǽϰȻʮַķ
ס˲ӣ۾
Ҷ˳ſȥЩȣⲻСô
СԼ֣Ȼס˽Ų̽ͷ
Сؼôû޲øȥ
ûү˵ҪԼôٲߣˣ
ϵȴֻ󹫼⣬βϵë
һΰǹСڵβëݺһֱͺţβϹģҪΪżڣʵЩСĸҲûɶˡ
Сڣȴһβ͵Ưβĺܡ
ͻȻҶ֮ǰ㲻˵ŷ𣿡
Ҷͷ
áСڣëˣ˰ɡ
СأŶ
СڻǱסԼβëֵСͺӣСĳëٶȱǰǿö࣬˾ͳ²Ƶģһһ硣
ǼëӶ߰˸Ҷţֻδһ궼ûߡ
ӾôеĹһΣʢģ̶Ҳ̵ӡ


71 
̶ӳȥʱʢʱ, ȵʱ
Ҷµ, Ȼ㲻ô󣬿ҲС, ·Щء
úЪţ̶ӼĵطҲԶ˸ԼɹӵĿճΧǽΧţҲҵĵ軧, ҲƲʲô
ȥҪ, ҡǲá
ֻ͢۱ֻ۲ȥ, ҪǱ̻֪ҽ̶ӣۺ컹ǼʣܹǸ£ض
լԺҲ, ·һյܵ, Ҷ棬һȥˡ
ǹʱٶ, ոշׯƹ˵˰¥ֱƼĶġ
⸽Ǹ, Ƿׯҿ, ȻҪ˵һ
Ҷ, ԣǱơ
ϵõģ֪ӡ
ԼȴҪԼ͵͵Ҳ֪ЩȨ֮˵Ǹʲô˼
ɫ£ҵѣҲġ
ӱ㲻˵ֻ
ʱƼæǰæι¡
ɵ̶ӣ̻ʣѡ˼ɣ㹻ĻƷҪлṦ˻š
Ҫõ;򵼣ǴССĹؽڴ㶼ٲǮ
̶ͷһȥѰͷȥ̶ӶбǼʮƥϰٸ˵ģȴܽټƹѣ㲻ʮˣһйġ
µģģЩѧ˵ġ
ʦרΪ˻Ƶͼ
Щ˾ռ˺üݳ
ιԱţۡ
ʹˣԽԽʡ˵о˵ǿš
ιµĹԽԽ󲻼٣ι¿Ҳϰ˻ȥˮǮ׬ӣⲢι¸Ƣ
żǧӶ̶ӣֻô㶫ţʵι±
¶Ͼ͹˳һι¾֪˳
ǶߵҶЦЦӰ˲ʾԼ߿ſߵι£ģ¡
ȻˣιҲҴţү̶ӳȥǿǻ˴ӵģȻǮӳˣķ棬˻·ߣǹؽڴӿɶǳҲǧɾʹô㶫²ҪǮô
ƣûʲôõġ
ι֪˵Ķûʲô׬Ǯȷʵǲࡣ
Ѱ̶ĶǴЩȥ˶ǧѵõı
ڼأ
һƣһ飬һȻ˲Ůõ֬죡
ЩȻЩñ棬Ҳ飬ιܾϼǮ
ι룬ɵõʵģ˾ƣҩЩҩأҲռط
С붼û;ܾˡ
ξܾʱ֮ͬǰԼĳ㣬ûкιϸ˵ˡ
Σȴѻ˵Ǻ⣬ЩԻǮˣŶ£ҩȴǱĶոսǴʤˣǴˣ֮ĲϾҩǸˣ˭֪˭Ѫ
ι²಻ˣոһʱ鼱ڱѻ˵͸̱һ㱡
һ񣬶˶ҲЩ£ˣлҵ㲦
Ҳ׷֪ιµƢܻ£֪ĴӲǺõġ
ιȥæˣ۷˻ȥҶ߹
ҶŶСѾµʱˣ·Ҫȵ
ոȥι˵ҶԼԼڵİ£Ȼһ˾Ѿ첲ȥỺķĺϡ
̫ͷˣСرɡҶŵס⣬ҶԼȣ˿ȹɴ£Ҳöȡ
ɴᱡŵ˿ȹҲǱģƲȥȴ׾ٵĸоŮϵ¶ȡ
϶˶ţԼҽȻǻУҲֻǰģӺŻϸϸģ仯
ƫƫϸҪСҲ֪Ҫࡣ
뵽Խϧ
Ҷ֪Լ๫룬²ĶЩƣ۾װﲻɵʵ๫ЩǷ죿
ͷǣβ˲ٺۣ죬ҲУˬЩˡ
Ҷգգ۾ʵЩܹ󣿡
С˲οȻǾͺԼǮȥ̯ƵģЩЩˡ
Խ׬Խ࣬Խ˵׬Խ١
ЩȻϺõģ֮Ǳ˵Ķࡣ
ģոպιһԲ¶ҶǺгǲ󣬿ʲôԽȱԽϼǮЩӼۣҲҪġ
ҶһЦ֪๫ġ
ʱӹүιǱЩò⣬ȥ
ͷСصչ˶̡ͶҶĿỺһ£Ҿͻ
ʵǼ·ƶƵüɴľˣƬ̷ֱЩˡ
ҶͷŶӴ˱ѣֻǿֵҲЩ̫ߣǵطĪҪɹԼ
ͷҶ֣Źȥ
Ҷվţ۾תתƬ̶û뿪СطģģҶһ졣
СΪҪʲôʵ̣ʲôԸ
Ҷҡͷ̧ۿ˿๫ӻҪġ
ʱ˶ȵòУʲô촩ʲôȻĳȴ˿㺹ûС
ӻţŲȡ
񣬰׺еİǾĶؼʱҩǱ
ҪѰʱˣζС˲һڶá
ҪãԺҪಹ
ôһ룬Ҷƺÿ˷ºԼ๫ܺͻЩֻӣӻҪȼ²С
С˲һӣ㲻֪ԼѾڳıżºԼһо鱾ˡ
ιҪæ޷Ǿôôţϸ飬ҪڵֻǶ̶˵㣬Եĵʲô
࣬ҲЩܿģ
ǰĶ飬ιοҲģǲ֪Щܻˡ
ЦЦι뵽ȻҲ뵽ֻƺ⣺βҳӣһӵţ׬Ƕ˻Ҳ̫⡣
ι⻰żΪ۳ӣӦŪЩųǣӲ֪Ǻεˣֶ˵ģž֪ڲ̶ͬ׬Ǯˮ´βǮ˿ô죿
ι£ǣģ˭ܲ⡣
Ǹʲôݣ˾ǸǮϻӣԲ˵ġ
ЩеĶУٴ׬ǮĻƷӦҲһķ̶ӶȻ
룬Ƶĳĺܡ
̶ӳʲûдӦһʱϾ飬ô˵ҲǸү׹еģûҪΪǧӾרŵܾʧ档
ĵӣָ⣬һơ
ʵ˼ģͷһԼ⣬һԼ飬ǲȻԼ֪
˸ģʾرϿҲһ¡
˳ˣϴЦȣЦӯӯԼүĳɹ
˰Աһҷׯ¥
ոҶǱϧҲʺϿϲɵõǷǶôһϧ๫Ӳ֪ù
ʱ°ȻĿ̶ӣһֱЩܵôϵĻͷαĽˣҴɱ˭úá
Цͷס˳ʵĸ첲
Ȼ׮ϳ˲ٿҲ˥ܣվǲڵġ
ʴã˳ţϵ֮ǰԵĿУྡˣܻ
뵽ϱ촽᣺ԸǾ£ҹҹࡣ
Ѱϼͬ˵Щԣ˵ˣöүһʱЩ֪롣
ɵﻶϲҿ˿뵽㶼ԼˣٵҲûˣһۣתȥ
ת̾˿ǲ֮ͬǰҶϽڵʱûүôѵҶϽ뿪ˣԼֱϵ¡
ת֮󣬾̶ϵһ¡
ϸող֮˵飬û뵽Լ๫Ҳ֮¡
һ죬ϻ۵Ů̧־ƣúÿ
ʵֱ֣׳ͨˣ˾ǣҲĸЩֵұǷޣ׽ЩӦһء
һЦͷɺܿỺ˾䣺๫˵Ļˣ뻻˭
⻰˵ĳһ㶣˳һ˵û˭ģʵص˭ҲôãԵҿ˭Ҫ
̧ЦοűȸոʵĶࡣ
δΣģϱ㡣
ʲ֪ԼոΣձԵתһȦ۾ȻͷһĿЩܣϵЦԽԽ
еĶˣҶɹȻ˵
óʲɵõȷʵиø磬磬ΪΪֻϧӲã޷٣ȻȻҳĶ֮š
ЦЦûƺʵһ
ʵ۾ڿҶʱͻȻ𣺡ƽֵӡ
һЦţǸõŮӡ
Ҳͷƽֻؾة˼˵Իȥ˼ңֻ֮ǰŶֲˣѾסĵزؾ
ϲûΪѣģҸײǵңи˹ȥţıǡ
֪ԼҸóʻȥλġ
⻰֪ʲ᲻ֻ֪ǹ֪ˡ
֪Լ๫ɵֻڵȡ
徻һ͵ɢүӺùǲܣҲԴС
ȻҶƽֻؾҲ̶ʱС
·ҲڸԼǰ̡
ڳģǹ飬׷ŲˣȻװɵĴӾˡ
ЩΣȴҲЩο
ѪĲǸˣ˵̫ˣԼ˸лǵġ
ֻǣϱȳʸǸʹƢԡ
ʲô飬ʲôѵܹǰ棬ʲôˡ
ʹĿɫסеɫ
ʺԼ˺֣ȻҲŹүһ£ϲ
ͷ̶ӳУʱ뿪һ㣬Ͽóʵűģʲôûʣղ
ǷҶĻ˼ңһݣҶˡ
ڴ£ЬɺãԱߣһ߸һߵ˯ɡ
Ҷ۾ſžˣ۾
գ᣻˸ᱡģҲ˸ˣǸӱοͷֻҲЩ
Ǹӣ¶Ӳ˴ֻͣԼ
ӵʱܿҶ˯ŵģ˵ۣܡ
Ҷ˯ǳǸոճȥһ⣬ȻԶ·ݴˣֻ߶߶;÷˯ǳˡ
Сۡ
ɵú۾컹ŵģ͸оϻĳ
ҶɵҪȥ֮࣬ǰѾסȣš
С˲θо˲٣ɵø첲ȥ
ƼڴϣȷԼϣרע
һЦŪˣ
Ҷȴû˵ֻ㶵Ķơ
Լ๫飬ǲģҶ֪
ʱñˣֻҪ§ܽ
ڣĶѾ˺ǼҲУȻЦǶҶеͣǿóŵġ
Ҷ۾ŲԼϣҶɵõ๫Һöˣûˡ
ȴûͣ£ܶҪһյʱźЩأ˾š
Ҷɵؿҡ֮ǰܹ
۾ԼӵӨСȣʱߵĶϾͻߺߣ۲ѡǳ۵ˣû¶Ͼͺá
С˲ȴǿóԼⲻͷһΣģ֮ǰҲ֪жٴΡ
ÿΣ˶ôԼô
Ϊܣɵðοµģ㻳ֵ̥࣬ܰľЩˣȡ
ɲ˵꣬͸о˵Сʹʹ
һתͷͿҶȣ˫ֳŴԼŲ
æַɾڷҶʱŮ촽Ѿϡ
ֻţ˵ʱ򣬻ܸо촽ʱлл㣬๫ˡ
۾ˣǡ
ȴʱҶץѴ˳ķ˿лŶԡ
ǰ֪Ů£Լӣ֪ʲôʮ»̥ࡣ
ֻЩС£ﵱл
С˲§ţ๫ˣõƺƵġ
ǱűţҶ;ЩԾ
Сȶ˶ͷ๫㲻̹ô
û˵ҲоԼƺ鶯ˣӲʴҶߣҪߡ
Ҷȴסȣæ˴ϡ
ƫƫ⻹㣬С˲һͰ
һ㶣æȥȼȥˣ¡
ҶҪ裬Ըߣ۾հˣҲ㡣
ʲô
С˲εƵŲŲУỺࡣ
ȵϣȫҳԷʱȴȥˡ
Ҷɫ糣ԷҲЦеģʱʱ¿֡
Ǹвˣֱͷϧӡ
գڼңĺ죬ɵʵ磬ȣ
˿鼦Ҷԣƫͷ˿Ҳȣ𣿡
ҡҡͷȰ
ǺãϳʮƪָңڳԷɡ



72 
ʢʱ˶ġ
ǹ, ͽɢ, ȻϻڣҲʱǰ͡
ҶҲа˸µ, ·ݴˣ˯Ҳ˯֮ǰ˲١
θһĺãÿ컻ŻԶҲ, ǹԲ⣬ϵɫһֱܺ, װ׾ġ
ʱ, ߶ɫԼҶϱǻ˸ŮǿӵģȴǸޣһʱЩ׽
ֻ⻰ϲ˵, ֮ǰʹ, ԼҶ˵кŮۣ, ȻȥҶ
ϾӾһʵöҶ룬˵Ҳ˺ӵĸ, Ҳ߶߶, Ҷֶû¶
Ҷ߶, ЦŵͷϽЩ
ҶȥƼϰŵĹϡ
Ѱö࣬ʱѾѵˡѰϣߵȥţԵʱܳϽ
ֱ˵ģûŸҰڳҶ
ҶŶ£㿴۰Ͱ͵Լʯͷ
ѾЩûƼСʯͷˣҶ춼˯ʯͷҲǳıʶ֣˸иæµټ档
ˣҶ㣬־ȻвһûƼˡ
ҶɵöЦϱԼҶӣʯͷǵ𣿡
ѰСԴһûƼˣ˵ǵҲеġ
һ´꣬ȥסׯϣʮûʯͷͰ׵˸һɶѻˣʯͷƼͿޣǽһ춯ء
ϽʯͷҲû뵽ҶѶ§ýȥõĶӣ˵ҲǺŵģʯͷֲˡ
Լҵúʯͷã֪ģҷϻӣ֪Ů˻ʱ׶ƸС
ʯͷ˵˻˽ޣԶĺҲá
ʯͷȴûһζѵ䵭ЦǺǵĿҶĺţʯͷ㡣
һ仰ҶЦҲ÷ֵСԴ
ϴ׵ϣƼˣСҲ֪۵׳
ʯͷϳҶڷϵĻﶯȥҶ
ϿɲҶʯͷæһϸ
Сʯͷץ˿˿ζʯͷҲǰ˳ԵģҲ벻֡
ҶҲ˿ϣ۰Ͱ͵ϣ
֪ԼܲܳԣЦŵһźӲԺľͳˣû˽ˮܳԵģǱԾͳɡ
ҶͷӹŽ˿˿ζЦ۾
Ӳ˲֣ͻҪ˵ġ
ȥϣҶŹϣӹĹĵģһ˫ˮ۾ҲϿȥ
ҡҡƽĽҲ֪ˡ
¶ϵЦЩҲס
Ȼ̶ӵ鷽ϲҲ֪Ķж
ϵľ̶Ҿ̣ҩ̵ҲǺ𣬲ˣ˼ҷׯˮһ㡣
Ǳ˵ʱׯϻͬǰһƽȵģǱߵĹȴǸˮǴߣ춼޲ü
żģżҲûá
ҶҧһϣϵĻ˼ȴСʯͷϣԼҺӵСûأ׽ʯӶǽʯ๫˵Уǲˡ
ǽŵɿףͯҪſԺҪȵ꿪УмȥѧҲҪݸӵģмٲÿʣ⿪Ҫô̯
˻һҶʶؿ˷ϡ
ʵҶ˵Ǯھ֣ϻЩգҶҲûжġ
С˲γ֮󣬵һôʹǮľ᲻ãǸҶٲҪһ׬ġ
Ҷûб˻ǮִŵƢϾС˲ξϲԳԺȺȣڼСһУڽ⣬ǮǸԼ๫°ˡ
Ҳһĳ˸֣ҶûʲôҪ
֮ǰȻ̶Ӵ󲿷ֵǮǳʳģǺܶϸ֦ĩڻҪһĨƽ
ϻӿ˴룬Ҷȴûöܡ
๫ϻϣС˲һ㶼ǣȫҲ£๫ڣʲôӶù
֪ϲͬ
ԼûϽģɩЩǼصġ
ȥǰǻأҶʱ벻ºž֪ϳ˿Ȼôܡ
˵ӣҶȻͷһ¾ǿԼҴɩǸʲô㡣
Ҳŷϣʵ¶ҪҪȥѧҲᡣ
תתϵӣϵ񣬼ׯڴֵ£ڶֵ£Ķܺáѧ࣬ǰ̲гһյУҲؼҵĸѧǮǴӼֳȥģοĶ࣬Ҫǵܶ¡
ҶȻû˵һϡ
¶ʲôƵģ̧ͷϣ˵ô졣
תŷͣͣŵα˵ҳİɣʮȡһ
С˲գգ۾о˵ĺϴεһ
ӽ˶࣬ǾͳĶ࣬ׯӽ٣Ǿͳ١
ҶЩͷӦˣû˵ϵ绹ǰϴεɳ٣Һʹɳٰɡ
˻һϾЩȵҶҲſȥ
ϴηϾôԵĿʱϵģҶڻǵô
Ƿȴܼ֣ȻóЩۣǻ˵ȥ˾ûиĵ˼
ϵ˵ȣȷʵ˵ʵͷǾͰ˵İɡ
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תת飬ͻȻǣ㲻ϣĵǺõġ
Щ֣ʲôģ
׻ǼŶг·ġ
ϰѷϿͨ͸
ϱŲ٣ȴǸģҶ飬һӶ˲еۣٹ̡
׼˶ãȻҲڶСʯͷ챳顣ǸɴӣףٲãδҲøͷǺˣиʿͷҲһ
Ҫܳʿǵ˹٣Ƕһҫ顣
֮ǰ￪ãͷǸѧǮȻģҲġ
ôȻϿЩȴǸ˼ҵģѵܹĵ
ֻŸոշϴӦģϲɵҡҡͷҲ֪ﵽ׶ɵǰôģȻôá
ҲֻøͷԺȱٴˣƷ϶ȻǶġ
Īǣָɿ״Ԫɣ
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ԺֻͬǴ󲿷˵̫ʶ
Ͼֿ̿ѧ˵κûʱûеѧﱳˣǼǲġ
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ԹԸԺԵͷƺΪףȫǰ׵˾ͽˡСԪ
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Ͼ˶˵ѧʲСδ˽ʿǱȻġԼѧòã鲻ҪܺɻˣϹϵδҲġ
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šһ۾ƺȷԼ
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һ֣Ҳٶ˵˲¥
ôһͨҲû˼ȥ飬ȵ˳ʶ棬ȶ˿ڣʹԼŵ棬ͷĶóϡ
ʺֽȣһİںñīֽ⣬ɵһЦôණ𣿡
ͷ飬û̧ͷص¡
ڳĶܿƼǷ̨
⣬Լ͵ġ
óһ£ţ
ΪǵԼ۲̧ۣͷųһЦۣЩɶʱҪõĶȻҪúôš
⻰óţϵ͵ܾǺãԼĺǫܱ̂ϣҲԼġ
֪ԼѳʸжˣһֽڿҿҵĿʼ
ÿʮƪһƪ١
Ҳ徭ЩܱĺˣȴҪóųд淶Լ֡
ֽҡڿ̿ŬɵõЩԺӲõĹ𣿡
һίˣ죺ǣҶдġĲ֪磬ǲǿҡ˱ɡ
ǳʵ̫ĺû඼Ǵ˵ȥġ
֪õĹΣ̸˸ǡɣɶȻԼ뷨ддδƢ桭ˣδǵ˵ԣǲ¼ģʱҪдɣҪԴ
ĿƾΪ˱ΪҪܳԷͨʼԾǺŶΪ
˵ԣõҪùݸ壬յҲɻȦѡ
ôĺû̶ܴϾ˻ʵ۵ӡ
ûô࣬ҲûָԼμӵԣ˳ʵĻһȻ
ԭˣ绹ΪҺõġ
ǣոյıԹһӾͱ˻⣬ʮΣԼ֮ǰһƬ⣬ֱͦ壬רעд֡
ģҲͷ̿ʵ˾壬ɺϸ״Ԫ֮ŵġ
һдһʱչҲǿ졣
д˶ʮƪ֣Ѷʰʱͳ̸ʫġ
˱ͶԵĻ˵ȷֱʱѾϦ¡
Լ˼ңһž׼ȥΡ
ȵԺʱ컹ûȫѾ𣬴ӴϵӰƼӰӰ´µˡ
ҶŶӣϲͷţ⿴ͶڴϵӰӷг
ͣ˲ӣûȥţǰŵһֽݸӣȥͣԼϢ뿪ֻʱʱĻͷ
۾βסĽԼʲôʱܳɼңҲиء
Ҷ˵ĻȴԶûôܰ
룬Ȼġ
Ȼ
ҶϣͷſԼöŶҡҡ๫ôףҪӽСװɡ
Ҳû룬º͵ĻصСˣӲܽСס
ҶСأʱ֡
ûӵĶҲֱ֣ҶߣֵֿС鲻˵º£
Ҷ֮ǰ˵
ԣ˸Цѵôɩ󷽣òô࣬Ҳʲôɲɵģһʮᣬ㹻ˡ
Ҷ˿춹˵ģģģ๫ϴΪʲôҪǿгʮ᣿
Ȼǣͻ˼ȻҪ˳
ٹǴôϣᣬȻǿɶîֲۿ۳ʮᣬϸԼҴɩһѵ
βһĸôȻ档
ҶԵҭűӵ˰ˮݹȥɻᣬǮס黨ˣƽ׵˸ִŵϰߣҪЩܸ˲źá
Ҷֺˮ˳˳ŵͻ
ʱȴͷôСæȥ˻ȰַŵϣЦŵү̣ո˵ҩƹӲ߸£ͻȻ˸ӣĸƽ


73 
߸¾ˣǲµĺ, Ȼʱûʲô, ȴСģ⺢˲
¾ƶҴ, Ըƾˡ
ʱҶרӻ𣬺أ
бҩ̵УڶϵȻ֪֪׵ġ
Ҷʣʱ, ǲСڿ޵, ܳ˯, סˡϰҲĺãڳӣɫĲ
Ҷһͷģҡ
⺢߸±˭û뵽, ˵⺢Ӽ, ¾ҪδżЩȴҲǶá
ΪӷĻȫ, ûв֢֮ҲΪ̫̥ʱϸ, ϴǵӲû˺, ζ߶
ǱҶһµĶ, ȴѾŸµҶŻҪһȦ
£Ҫݺݵس˿ͷںӴҪһʱ򣬿붭ϵûԴ
иҶӽЩҲ⼸ͿܷˣСأעЩźá
СӦҶӣҲ溢ӳʲôӡ
ûݣС
пʼʰҶʵĺô
ЦŻصֻСлӡ
Щģƫ֣ҲǸԸ
ҶСȥȡ˸ӣУҸĺ׼¾ȥɣаҴȥɡ
̹˹֣Ѻ뿪
뿪󲻾ãϱˡ
ҶѾûƼˣƼȴϱϴɫ˲١
ȻŻϸϸˣɫ˲١
ϼҪվæ첽ǰãЦŵĪҪˣأɲŲúЪš
Ҷ˳صϣббؿţ۾ϣôûȥ¾ƣ
ϰˣǵɢԺġ֣ЦºͣĲҲںأǷĲºӣ㡣
ҶǲЩںúõģ
⻰˵ֱףҲֻЦ뵽ʲôó˸С
ͷһ⡣
ϰѺӵݸҵ⣬ҲҶϽģϣҲ˳˳
ҶļֵΣԴ͵ĶһֱʮϧЦӯӯĶϵл
СȥҵطʱҶʵҸʱܻ
˼ңҶҲͲļˣҶʵȻҶƽ֡
ȻЦţȴǳ˳
ҶƽֵڶûʵҲ˳ʺϵԤϡ
ԭҶƽȥǣֻΪ˵ةĸϱƽҰѳة࣬ʱҲиӦǾ죬Ҳиġ
ǰة˵Ҷƽָûȥϡ
ȥһȥ£ôòܻӰϾʱ䶼㹻üأҶƽһȥûȥةฮϣȫޣŶûУһҲҪҶû硣
ڿûеġ
û뵽Ȼ˺Ҷƽֵϵ˽ǸΡ
ȻҶƽڱǶˣӰӦɴһʼϾûаͨĻδܰﵽʵĶ֮š
ҶԽԼøĿǲǡ
ةңΪҶƽָųʵʱã䵽үϡ
ʺҲңҶƽֻһ·ڲܶŲʡ
ȴֱ˵ҶģֻЦˣİɣ᲻㡣ȴ⣬ҪҶƽѰ
ҶҲЦŵͷ
ⱻҵİϣӨ׵ɫǺÿ
ȴû˸۶ҶԵʲôƲˡ
˵⼸ҶܾҪӽţƬ̲ҵ顣
Ȼ䵭ȣһҶǰǻջ˱ůľʣһˮС½㲻©
СҲȥ˯ˣ˯ݣʱ׼Źȥչ
Ϊ˽ŵҶȴżΪĺӸʵ֣Ҳû̫ൣġ
ôӹ˼죬ϣͻȻо
Ҷʱ˯úܺãҶӣ˯ҲǳЩ΢ƾ˹
ֱһ¾ǿҶǲˣ
ҶóĽţæס󣬵ûУǶ
⻰ϵɿЩĶʵʲô
ɡ
źӵʱ׶ֻԼ϶⻹ͷһ⡣
ȴ㲻иҵţͿСѾڵ
Сأȥ뼦
Сԣ̨קһһܡ
ǻȥҶС˲ЩǼǿķϰ
ɸոӡ
еۡ
æôˣ
Ҷ˵ͷøոЩۣǺܿûˣҡҡͷţˡ
ȥһţѾϻЩģҶһ¾ʵ
Ҷͬ·Χϣ๫ҲҪúôѡ
ЦЦ׽ַŵǣãġ
ʱСŽ룬ڵļ档
ӹÿоЩ̣Щٳ԰ɣôȣԽȥ᲻ġ˵꣬׼ŵȥ
Сǿ첽ȥ׼סҶ
Ҷȴ˭û˵صѾˡ
С˲εͷЩãȻĶ˶ӣЩۣоһʪϮʱһԵСصҪô
Сһ̵ͷȥ
ڼҵʱǼӵģһ۾ƳҪˡ
˲࣬СطҶãһƵܳȥ
ݵԭż룬۾СضŶ΢΢ü
һ̣С¿ˣ̷ˣţȥţ

ҶԭţȻۣһͲˣǹżء
жҶɵõ๫أ
Щ㱣ֿտյĽңҪȥҶֲ֪ԼʲôڰգǶסƵġ
Ҷʣ˵桭ˤˡ
Ҷգգ۾Щϧˤˣ
ҲԼոյʲôŬһ£˵ҪҼġ
⻰˵ʵ⣬ʱһƬհףƽʱĳȵȫӵ˾⣬ĶҶԵʲô벻ˡ
һ˵أˤûˡ
ҶҲóģ˵ɻǾö
˭֪һ̧ͷȴƼʼת
һΧת߶߶ƺڱҽϵľӣһΧת֪Щʲô
ֲŲҶϾûŮһСľŪԼҽ
ȥ˻һյʱȴö꣬޲һһҶ˲źá
ҶĿȻʱʱ۵ĸоȴЦ
ƽʱǳȲˣȴҵȹϵϡ
๫Ƕõġ
ҶְһۣҲУеô๫Ҷúܡ
⻰Ҷ˵ƽʱһ޶;Լҽúܣ۵
ɵԴѾһң
Ҷ仰СȥԼҽõģСܻԡ
Ҷɵקקڣȥڻ̫ء
ӦһȥһԵţžվֿʼԾȥ
Ҷ޷ֻŵ۾תơ
ϼĴŹʱƼڴϳԵĵҶͷ󺹻Щ
һʱ䣬ֲ壬⵽˭Ҫ˰


74 
վڽ, ֱͦͦ, ۾ǿŷ˽
Ӳֱӵ¾, и̵ģиǿ׳Ҷ߶ţȰ, һߵȻҲһЩҪż
Ҳ۲ۣ԰ߡһԵӵ, 죬ȥߴˮ
Ҷĸ, ۰Ͱ͵ؿ๫, һԼ档
һ⻰̵ˣϽ, , Щ
Сظ˵, Ͼͼոջбʰ˵һǽ, ûгԵҶ
Ǳ˭Ӧ, ˵ʲôȥ󡣡˵ʹ˳ȥ
Ҷһ, ϾǶ, Լȥߵ, ڵԵ÷
Ǹ˽Լ, ɵ÷סҶһ, ﶼֹסЦǼˣҲסҵȥܻɿЩ
֪Īĸھев
ƽʱǳȲˣȴҵһ飬塣
¶һʱҶ߶ţֻ۵ȻȸոոƵЩ߼Ҫüͷ߼ί̾ͼˡ
ⶼˣôû¶
Ƴ˼ȥӹ룬һֻȴһƣңȥȥͷš
ȴֺܿ۷ֱֱҶ
ѰǰȻ׽ȴ̫ǾٶҲ˲û˿ˣֱ־ͱסҶ
˵󣬸СĽôһ㾢Ҫ
ҶЩ֣ȴİԼͷ˵ؿڣĺ󱳣ģû¶ģܿ͹ȥˡ
úóԶУҾͷء
ã֪ˣ๫㴭úÿ졣
ǣţ⻰治֪˭Ҫˡ
Ҫ˵ǰ۵ĪˣԼҶɵ飬ͲϵȻĵĹġ
ô׮ͰﲻæǺȥɾ
ǣܿͱƵݣվŽյŷ֪ʲô
ĶϹˣȥ磬ЪЪ˵ĶԣﲻæŵȰɡ
ε˳üͷ壬ҲЩ꣺̫ˡ
˵СҲ֪׳ģɲ⻰ŻֻǵĪո˵ˣɩ״̬õĺܣȻ˳˳űǡ
ûãҶһʹںš
Žˮ˶࣬ȥæӣһҲûŵǣͻȻ͵վȴһ
ʱ˽
ѶׯϻûлΪɩ÷ȻҪġ
չ˺ʯͷͻ𼱻ǵ
Űæ˭֪һţƼεض𡱵һĻ
÷ǾȣͲɵЦ
ҪЦģʵǼ䵭ٲȻĮģͻȻƼ㾪ʧģȤ
Ǻܿ췽ϾЦʵأ
شһʹϾ֪Ҷǿʼˡ
Ҳ˲ȥֵʲôˣϼĽҰæΪ˱վͷæοԼҶ磺磬㰲ЩɩѾˣ㵣ġ
΢Ҷͷʲô벻ˣĶ˼˼๫
ƫƫͱ仰ϡ
ˣˣýﵣģѾˡ
˫ճȭͷϣͽգҧݣӲһá
ֻҶÿһʹһǲɫϾ
ʯƵģЩɻŵģ飬ָҶǼ˲鷳ˡ
ӣɵʵ磬ʲôأ
ûֻͳĵ⺢ԺҪǸҲТ˳ߡ
ĻȻû˵ȴñ
͵͵ĨĨǼĺԼûֶֶŮ߶ǵùԣٲȻɩĴҲС
ֻɩġ
ĶҶһŲ֪ƽԺС˲ξ͸оԼ걻Ƶġ
˲ξǲ٣վͨˣ볣˲ûʲôͬ
ۻۣʹ˵ܺҪʡҶǻẰ
ۡ
ʵź˵ǣǺ˳ģ̫С˲αԺûԹӲıˣһͷԲã΢һЩܲס
ֻ۵ݵʱԴȴţ
ۣᲡܡ
๫ǰǲ˵üβľͿŹˣʱ๫Ҳ
๫Ӳ˵๫ǿ
С˲βǿۣҪ˵
ûĺȴģģ˵ˣĿ
ʵǹˣҪԶԲ
棬΢ɢҹСҲ΢ðͷʱ˸߿С
һֱԱߣ۾žȡ
ӷһʱδҲ̫˵⺢ӸͷҲСô˳ϡ¶ˡ
ȻѰƵĺͮͮ͸ŷۣȻ˵׾ǿȴſ۵
ѺӲɾ˰ãûбȥǲҶߣֹסЦƣĶӣüǺÿ˵ţͰѺӷŵҶߡ
С˲ʱûתĸ׵ģʽҲû꺢̼֮ĸֻţˣãղ뼦û׳ԣ벻
ԴﻹǲԾţ๫֪䲻䣬ҹİƵڶû˯ȥ˯һ飬ϢҪġ
лֻԴתתʲôû˵
ƤܣܿǾ
С˲ǿû˯ȥŬŤͷִŵȥӵͷ
ǸɫıģȻˣӿɰúܡ
ҶɨһԼҺӵǶͷ
ȿ̥СԴɸɾʱҶ˿¶˸Ц
ãûݡ
󣬵ǿס⣬ϸԼҺӣҶͷһᣬ޵٣۾ͳ˯ȥ


75 
Ҳ˺ӵĿ, һ, ǴĿϣԭֱͦıͻȻȥ
α, ˴ڵĴŴ, 亹Ѿʪ˺, оವġ
ϳţְŹ, ͷոЦЦ, ⺢һƾǺøճ춼ˡ
˵ĺ, 粻ģӦòԼֶӴġ
ɺʶȤû, ԹԵ˵һԣ
ͷ󺹵, , һЦ⡣
óӸ˲ϵҲжˣø˲, ôŸ
ǿ, ЩƣﻹҸ˵ۡ
, Ŀ, ӹûڣ˳˳ľͳˣ۵˯ˣӸտһҲ˯ˣҪҲȥЪЪĪҪýﵣġ
ϵһλʵ˼֡
û¾ͺá
վ΢΢һ£ȴܿվˡ
æ磬°ɣ
ұƣ
ڰ֣һ
ʵŵЩѪζȴ˼
ҪȥҶòãǸոĸɻ磬˼ŵµȥ뽿ҲҪӵӡ
뵽ղǸǹСڵĺӣԼĶӣǽǧµġ
б£޵Ķô
ĪЩҲûзҪǺڽ˯žͺãҲȻٿˡ
գҲҪôͰѺӱ⻰ͷҲãóʱȥϢһ£š
ˣǲŵʲô۵ġ
ˮ̳ģ֪Ҷ˶ãͼ˶ãģƺ޲ܺҶһʹƵġ
ûǿţͷ׼ȥһԵСɡ
ҲȥʵҲǰû˯һֱˮûǷݶļǳ˲ٵġ
ȥСţҲԼԺˣÿмںãߣұߣľ˯˹ȥ
˵ʱѴ
ûô˯Ȼ˯һ󣬿ɵײѰϢѹҲκġ
ԺԼҲƵġ
ʶؾԱ߿ĲҶԼܡ
ʱƫɾͶֱĿ⡣
ÿôʱ򣬶飬Ѿϰ˵ͷһ仰ǣ磬Ҵˣ
⵹һ£Ķˣ
û˵һ޹
ʵǰҲ֪ԼĶˣϴû
Ҳû˼׷ʣ۾һܣϳԼԺӵСңֻǻǺȷƵ˾䣺ˣ
ԹԵͷš
ȷΣ˿ƼͷſԽȥƣæҲ˸š
ɸһţƼͷվŵι¡
ʵιһˣҪģһ˵ҶСү˯ûι±ûš
ƫƫֺҪһˣȥ鷿š
۳ŵ磬ιסܵԺˡ
ιоԺͷҩĻʱ䣬ƼСſ̿첻үϲ
Ų˶٣ι»˸
ȴûιµ⣬߿ŵӣô
ҡҡͷ
ԥһ£ҪҶѿŵĽָ˻
ι¹֪Ҷĺãոû˵лᣬ̿ڣү¶˵˵¶
ǹҶڵҲǵţιµ˵ɡ
ǡ
ù緹𣿡
ûءֹ緹緹ûԾˣιͶտա
ҲԼĶӣҲ
ӵڷЩͺáŲӣι½š
۰Ͱ͵磬Ҳԡ
ԴСոҲˣһ˫ӡ
Цֵߵߵȥ¡
ĺܿ죬ֻǳھ¿ӣȷʵʣԵĿģǷΡ
ιʹˣ;ð뱥˹ģȴ˵ү֮ǰ̶ӻŶ˵Ѿˣ·ûʲô˵Ļһһ˶úõġ
ͷԼ˼ЩҲȲ٣ãǲҪϵ˵Ļ˵ˡ
Ҽˡι˶٣ŵи¶ܲýó˵鷢ļҪүǡ
˸ӵݸ۾ǿι£޷
ι֯һԣŵǾչޣһּҹģֻ˵ּɳ¶˲
΢΢üѰ֢ι²Լ˵ģʲô
ιԷ滹ж̺͸ճСүЩݵɫֻģģ˵ƺಡ
ܱƺΪಡģ̻ȾĶ񼲡
²ǹҤӹģҲд
ֵι¶֪ǶС΢üͷԺҵĹӲٲˣһҾǡ
ιû뵽ô˾Щȡ
ɫƽǵ޹أ鶼ȥҲܲסʲôԵˣôһּ֣ҵͰˡ߹޵ô࣬ûҪǣǡ
֢֢ͬͨ
ʹҪҪҲû˵ҵĳ̡
Ǽôһ񼲵ģҪȫߣڸпֲȻ鴫˳ȥҲʲô˼ҡǸˣܶ·Ͷˡ
ҺǱ˾Ͷˣûʲôԥġ
ιӦһһգգ۾
Լ˵ģ鱾ϵ֪ʶѧѧģҲֻǿ֮䲢ȫ鱾ģһЩΪ˴
ιµĻ۾תתá
һ룬ͱÿӴԴ
Щ£ͷ
ͼԼҶ絭ĮԼЩˣĪҪȫѧȥԺ;Ҫ䣬ֻСҪĲֹڴˣҲͲѧЩ
ɻа仰û˵
ٵĳԶ̳Ĳܡ
ѰƵ˹ٵУʲô㣬֮ûƼ
ȴӴЩΪ˲ˡ
ڵԼᣬΪ˷̰壬ܺãһԲȥδпܵĳá
ЩΪߵֻᣬʲãҲ̲ǾԶܣ˵
ֻҪסıģԼܷĳպ֮ܿʱȻȥݸټѧãʱѧ١
ľĥʣ˸Ժ·
ЩһֶֻǵͬúóķȻҪȥϰ֣ĪҪˡ
Ӧһɵİķר־
ιֵദҲȤǴЩп˵үͬ⾳ͬ׻Ǽҽ̲ͬ
ιµķ֮⣬ֻǵͷ
Ŀȴͣͣ
ͬ
ƺһǰиֵ˵ԼͬҪԼ¥֮ģƺ塭
ͻȻú󱳷ʶĵҺá
ҺûȥҺõʱԼܵÿ죬ҺְԼɡ
ȻߵĻ֪˭أ
׻Сһ뵽¡
һۣҺʲô
̵û£˵Һáķ࣬²ԡ˵ּ꣬뷹Ѿˣȴǿ˽ȥ
Ų˵ʵء
ҪԼҶ֪ԼȥֵطûȥֻҲҪ군ġ
ʱ򣬻Ҫ
ιЦŵүһǸ壬Եöܳ׳
ͷųԵÿģʵᡣ
ʱ溰ţүˣ
һţҲ˿ӣ׼Ҳȥʳ
Ҷ۾ʱ򣬿ˡ
ʰѪζѾζסˣҶҲˬ˲٣ȻȻĻţڲ̫ˡ
С˲β˲оƽ۾ֱֱĿŴʡ
ܸоôҶŤͷС٣ִ˴
ղſҶԹ̣СǱˣȻཱུģʱʱһ£ƺ˯˻Ҫųԡ
ԼģֱӳҲ²ˡ
ҶϸϸĴ
Լĺӣﴧ˺ü¡
С˲ڻʱͶӴкڳˣҲҪϸϸǵӲźá
ĸĻеģҶǾҪ
ӱ۾ȻǷɫģĺܣལҶ˭ֻ촽๫һ
ģģܺÿ
ƣҶͿŽ
ڻ㶯ǰ磬һʱҲ֪˭Ҷʣ˭
ҡ˵Żƹ硣
˴ߵϣ۾Ҷû˵
ҶԣԼҲơ
ţЦЦЦţס۾
ҶЩ֣ȥ֣๫ôˣһ٣ǲڲÿ
Ĵָһ۾㷴סҶ֣۾ûÿأҸղšˣɳ۾
Ҷ֣
Ҳʲôȥ
͸оԼӵ۾
ô
΢΢ͷ۾е㣬ﴵ
С˲ιԹԵĸ档
ȴˣû۵صϣ۾Сޣע⵽Լиӣ
ҶҲ֣µĸܣԣǶӡ
ƣƲʲôߣȴǵǺÿģˡΪ⡣
ͼҶ٣ƺʲô
Щ棺ôˣ
ҶһĻش𣺡ҡûжĲݰ밡ĳ
ҪУˡ
ڳԴǸûС
ڰĵС˲飺๫ô
֮ǰ˵֣һ֣Сûء
Ҷִ˴СޣСĻԴ󣬲дͷɡ

Žòĺӣôֱӷƺãֻܻ˸ӡ
ҿ۾Ϳ˴⡣
⺢ӳʱ΢ͳ֣ն
ǣǽأ
񱦣
Ҷ룬߶飬ͷϴЦãͦģ๫á
ЦЦ˻ССߣš
С񱦣Ҳûʲôģ⸸ȴӲͷʼɡ


76 
ϲµ, ûöþʹʮ硣
ͨ˵, ƽʱʵǲࡣ
ϷǮ˲飬̯ҲҪǲܸ, Ѱ˲ڼĥʱ, ǳϴ·ȵʱһ, ˵Щл
Ϊǵһһ˹ע, ˺ú߶һ
ҵĺһ׮һ׮, һһ֮ǰǰʷǷͲˣɶףҶֵ, ˭˶Ҫһ
رҶҴ壬ҶǰԼһͷס, ˵͸Щ顣
Ӵһྐྵлʱ˵Ҷҡ
ҶŲŲ, ˭뵽ô컯ء
ɲ, ˵֮ǰû˵ҪףϵҲ֪ôġ
⻹ò𣿵ŵʱۿɶƵģģζǶĺ, Ҷ˰Ҫ, ȥ檾˼ҳϲ, ܰӹ˼ҵĸ
ɺôҶҲ, ǲƣҲ˵ȥ
˰ɣҼǿ˵Ҷ֮ǰֹģ˵ҴɻˣҶһ٣ͰѼҸˣ˵˼Ҷ޶ˣʲô󾢶ġ
⼸ûƼǣҶɩҶһԵ̯⽣Щһ㲻ĶҶɩ˽ȥ
һͷϳֻҶһ£ϽԣȻҪϲˡ
ҶǸֲƢҲȥԴתתġ
ȴʵԹԵĳԵ⽣̧ͷҶɩʲô檰
Ҷɩɫһ䣬šһѣЩ˺˵˵𣿳˾͸Ͻߡ
ҶҲѧˣ۵ļüŪȴʵʵıҶɩߡ
ֻҶϾǸӣ̫ʲô֮ǰǸֻųԵ¶СӣڵôҲȥ˼ѧ÷ӵĻʵľǰԼԴҶǲõġ
Ҷǹùãǳ˵˶ԳҪصġ
ʱҶʲô֪Ҷɩ۸Ҳ͸۸û˵ԣͱ䱾
ҶòԾԼ̵ĲһȻ˵ǶԵģԼǰľǴġ
ҲǳҲǣﶼû˵ԣǵĸĸԣ
ҶһʱТΪص˼С
һʱ䣬ҶҲ벻ԲˣҶɩ͵ط͸ϽŲСŽѧãȻȥˣҪְġ
Ҷɩȥʱء
ûоöҶǸΣϾҶǸƿ˦ȥ˷ѼʳܻӣǶˡ
ҶӺòùҹòҶɩ̹ú˳Ťһ£Ҳ̫¡
Ҷɩǣ׸Щס
Լ๫ҶӳţҲ֪ʲôȥˡ
֮ǰҶɷּʱǵǲ٣ǾϸһЩ»ծʣµĹϼҲ¡
ЩӣҶɽãһùˡ
ҶɩǰΪˣֹͬȥҶɵļѣ˵ûнҶɩҶȥˣҪи棬ٲҲиӣҪˣҶǸֲʶģȥ⣿
ţҶɩͻȻס˽Ų
ᷳҶҵĲҵҪߣΪ˶㿪¿ķׯרŻ·ߡ
һ⣬ҲҶɩƼ˼ǰûĶķ
ķǸϵˣǰŵӶЩɡ
Ǵӵķ϶￴ȥҶɩƼ˸ˡ
ǸҡӵģҶ
ҶɩͻȻɫ䣬ŵֱֱ䵽˵ϣ˶ˡ
ȻعͱŤĳ˶ķûþֿˡ
ԶһԭڳԱߵģƼǰ汻ֵ˶ˣվǰ˿ĳߵүǰͷƺ߲ˣǻɡ
΢΢ü󻺻ȥǰͷķʢիҾͲȥˡ
ǣү
ǵñ֣ٿ˵ȥء
֪ˡ
ȻǹżĶ̣ӣΪܸҶ֮ǰȥ
Ȼ飬һųܾȥ
ûãӾʹŰ˺ֽǱߵֻû꣬ҵͻ·˹ȥ
Ȼؼҵʱû̻Ժӣȥ԰
԰ŸߴʱѾƣŸյů⡣
˼ȥһ֧ϣŻԺӡ
ȻֻգҶѾȡůõ̿裬ȥʱֻ˶ůġ
ѰȻȣҶҪӣҪůҲܱ²ǿ
ֻһɫŵ߽ȥ
Ѿˣа̿裬òţһ۾Ƽڴ϶ӵҶ
ͷŵľҶ͵ĸߣҶСϻػš
С˲βŸûãߵҲ۾ˣһ˫۾ģҿڰ׷ǵܲܿҶҲ֪ҲָСܸԼʲôӦ
ȨȤˡ
ʱҶСһջ̧֣ͷ¶Ц๫
ҲЦſȽŵ֦ббĲ嵽˻ƿӻˣܳȥƣһ֧Ҳܿ
Ҷʱ䱾ģƼʻɫǸ˵ġ
ŲʱҶ֣չȥ
ǰҶ뵽ʲô
Щ֣ˣ
Ҷ촽ţЩӾͲ˲ӣûϴأζˡ
ᣬûע⣬չȥţֻζζ
ζҶϲõķζζһԶȥ񱦾Ͳ
ⲻ˲˵ģȷʵˡ
ҶӺãҲԼָĿ죬ζŨЩ
ҶûӦһƫͷһ¡
ϸϸţζӡ
ҶŤͷ˿չȥ촽һڡ
һ£׵Ľʵʵкġ࣡һһԵСغҲûС񱦿Ц
һ˶⣬ȴû˻ȥҶ̧סϸϸ꣺๫ˣ
úãֻ˱ȳ԰ЩûбĲͬˡ
ҶϦദӣ˷ַҲÿʱ䶼ҶߣȻóüľ뵡ı硣
Ҳ̶ŻвҪҴãϻЩҪ⣬ûιܹһˣұȥЩɣϷʢիһ¯ģˡ
վ⻰ɵ߶ǰͷ˵Щ¶ʵʲôʱöһԼүΪרȥӵһŵġ
⼸·һӾãǺⶼҪǰͷҪ
ƫƫ⻰˵Ȼ̶ȻģҲΪԼҶүŷˡ
ѺݸҶʱС˲ε۾
Ҳ֪Ϊ˺ӣĲˮҶϲԵģҲԵķ壬ȥ˺⣬ʱЦŵȥʹˣܳԵģҲкô
ҶҲʣֱһŽ
ζ㣬ŨŨ㣬̫ȴζϿڣҶѵ˵̹˲١
һԿԣʱʱİǵмϵЦûȥ
Ҷ˼⣬ע⵽һֱԼĿ
С˲εǺ̹ȻùӲ˲֣۾ǿ๫һҪôð
֪ƣ֣иվܳˣ˵㻹Ҫһ²ŶӺãˣʱҲѰʱȥۼɽϵԺתת
ҶһЦǺܿͿ˻Ա߶ȥС񱦣أһϣ
ʵ˵⻰֮ǰûа񱦰ȥ
ҶѣҲԼиʳ¯ĶҪչˣ룬£֮ǰҲ˵ȥɢģҪѧԺɩȥׯʱزǴһȥɽԺסҲãô񱦡
Ҷ˵ͷС˲ε۾ɨ˻ƿԱߵ⣬գգ۾๫Ӻһ̶ӣϵĶ𣿡
ͷ
ѰʱҴûǲأЩġ
ļǹҵĶҶԵ鵹ǼǲˣڱҶһͷ
ҶҪ˵ʲôȴͻȻоЩԾ
һŤͷȻʵʵѾҶǱ죬һ̣ſͺޣ
һޣŵ
Ѱ񱦶޵ģ˯ǳԣٲ۾ЦǺǵģžϲ졣
ͻȻЩֲ
С˲ȴ⵭İһ߽̿һߵ£Ƕˡ
״㴹۾ûȥҶιӡ
û෴֮ûʲôûģ˲֪ٴΡ
ΪԼǣҶҪһģҪţǾñƣȻĻԼ
Ŀʹ˲䣬ܿŮʱ¶İһıǣЩˮӪˣԺӺò֪ԼĵԽ֬
ΪתעŤͷ֧ӣɽϵԺԱвٷʱĺܣǺܺÿģʱȥơ
˵ʱС񱦰ûͣԵĸ⿪ġ
ĶԽ죬һӾ˵ȥˣֻĬĬؿ̾ӡ
ȴ֪ҶҲһ߱һ߶ĺơ
ģȻıϡ
⼸£Ѱ


77 
۳, Ҫˡ
СǰԼҰﻳܵ, ܾҶʵôõģ˳, ŵĶŸɾ, ˶ˮ۵, ͷԼվʱʱķ鱾, û¶ˡ
ϲ, Ҳ˵û
һʱܺùԺܿࡣ
Ѿգûô, Ȼ̿裬ɱϾ֮ǰ, Ҳ
ӺҶֻǲϴϴͷ, ûԡͰ, ڵֹգڵͷС˲ξһ첻ţ˰ԡͰ, ȥúõϴϴ
Сֽ, С
ʹϾ, ʵǶƤ̫ϸ, ֮ǰ͸ܶ࣬΢һǸӡӣСʵǲҲ
ҶоСģʵôˣ
Сһȥ趹һߵʵǶ̵Ƥ̫ˣҲʹ
Ҷ⻰⣬ĻصҪҲһ£첻ǳǳҲİְֵġ
ӵʱСһֱһźȻ֪Ҷࡣ
ܹǵʲôҪʲôġ
Сһ趹ˮԴʪڲˣŲҶϡ
趹µ˵ģ͸Ҷá
Ѱ趹Ƕĩǰưȵҩһĥɷۣټ͸֭Һɹɷɡ
ŴĥɵģЩҩģۺ͸㡢㣬ûѰ趹Ĵֲڣϸϲ˵ķ㡣
Ҷ³һ
˹ȻǺõģϴ趼ôŵ֮ǰСѩϴˣԼֲƶ룬ڹӡ
Сûһ죺̣СڵǺǰЩһˡ
ôһˣ
ƺЩҺͶƣƽʱҲˣβëÿЩ
Ҷ⻰ǰĶû֣Ͼǣľ˶Щϵġ
ֻһ
ЦеؿСأҶɣϴ๫˵ҪһӣСڵëɡ
˻ܳҲ¡
Сû뵽Ȼ򣬿ǻ˵ҪջѾˣСڵëÿ죬Ҳû֮ǰôۣ͵ͷӦˡ
ϴһ⣬˱ˮ˻Ҷ˽ȥ
ʱöϿԡͰƵһ˫۾
Ҷ۾ĺƯ峺ڰ׷ԵĿԼ˫۾Ҷ
ˮģһƺܿĿͷƵġ
ҶЦӯӯĺ˾䣺๫
½磬æţ첽Ҫק磺ôСأ
ҶóҪСأæҲģòϴһ£ݣҲ˵˵СرСأӰæµġ
ͷ۾ȴԾĳԡͰ濴ȥ
ҶոǱѾԼϴɾˣȫ̫ûˮҪϴϴȻô̹ô
ˮƮŻ꣬˵Ӧò̫Ƽģġ
ƫƫҶһ£ƶưˣð׾ţļãƤԽĺˡ
л굲ţȴ׵ûۡ
裬֬
ʱգʫ˼
͵غˣһŶ㿪뵽ҶҪԼ˵ģס˲ӣԡͰԶҶ˵Щʲô
ҶſԡͰϣ°ͷֱϣƫͷ֮ǰ¾Ƶʱ򣬻ûƼ𣿡
˵Ҷƽ֣һ
ϴҶᵽʱרȥһϼҩ̣ҵӣѯҶƽֵ䡣
Ȼû˵̫ϵĽǿóġ
ܱ֤ǣҶƽû֮ݣһ֮ڱȻػ
Ȼƽʱ²ںģʵúܣҶƽֲĳ£ԼЩֵɥĲİԼ˿£ҲֻвԼߵ룬ŵҶƽԶ˵á
ʵҲ룬Ҷƽֻţֻеңةĸϻš
ة˵ܻ漣Էһؿڣ˰ٻˣҶƽ־ǿŰųŵة
ֻ̫أƶةฮš
ģʲ˵ֻܸƽǴܹԶݶ飬ɷģұ֤£ƽֱȻȫȫӰĻ
ǶԣȥѾǣϣѾ㹻ء
ͻȻԼڻ̫ڰЩǽ٣̶Ҳ齨ˣҪʲôȴǰ㷨ӶûС
ھһҵ꣬һ֣ܺùڵ޲ߡ
̵ϣֻһһĸǲģ飬Ȼް취
չ飬ҪŬЩǣڲӣмˣжӣܲ޲ߡ
ȴЩҶ͸¶һһֻЦŶ˵ºܻʱܸϹ꣬ҲһҺֵĳԶԲ
׼ȷʱҶͰĲ٣ͷЦ۾
Ҷˮ𣺡๫ȥҼѰɡ
Ҷ¹
˵·˼ȫ
ϾˮôԣôУ벻עⶼѡ
ԡͰˣˣˡ
̻ͿҶվԼƯ۾أ
ȻظóԼո͵û·㳶һ
ɲɵľͳ˼
͸ģȴǧء
һ̵ٸҡ
ǲתҶקס
Ů˵۾רעһĵ๫Ѿнʮˣоô
һ⻰һ
оҲоģ˺þˡ
ֻһסҶ֣˵ٵȵȣ㻹Ҫָָǡ
Ҷƺ뵽㣬źЬյȥǱ桷ܿ˻
֪Ҫʲôû˵ֻǿԼӡ
ܿ죬Ҷͷһҳ̯˵ݸأ
ͱͼŪö죬ⷢ顣
Ҷ̹Ȼģ鷭˺üҵģҡҡô
Ŭ˾ӵģֻϵĺЩû˵Ȿо͸
Լ˵ͼϵģŪȫףӦÿ԰ɡ
ҶһЦ֪ͬˡ
˴ʣʱϸϸĶʱʱЦŵļˮҹĻ٣û
ҶߣŸոԼˡ
׼´һµʱȴ洫Ŀ
񱦵Ѱʱ񱦶Ҫġ
Ҷһ£ţͷҲء
ֻҶɵֳŴ齣һʱЩãȻ
ܿţһ£ٹþܶأ
ĶӣȻҪ˸ǿŶԡ
ʱô򣬶үǰҪţҪҪȥƣ
׼´⻰΢΢ü˭
ǲɵˣӲԼġ
ְЩƺƵģڴߵҶɼҵˣҪż̡
⻰ü΢
ʰѣϣſš
ӸæܹȥʵүҪ߶𣿡
ɫãڿ߲ȥˡ
˵̨꣬ס
æϣ߳һأȥϼˣЩµӣרҪ˵ܴģͬȥ
˵ˣôҪܴģ
Ҫܻǳ죿
һ㶣ӦһС뿪ˡ


78 
ҶɩҶҵʱ, Ǵ˵ġ
Ǳ, ӶķҶקʱһСĵſԼĵá
ҶɩҶɲ, ִ, Χ۵, ˼Ҷķ¶Ͼ¼Ķ, ϰΪ, վһԲ;ˡ
ֻҶɴδȥҶɩδζҪȥץᷳ
ҶѾϵǮòˣķҲҪ˵, Ǳľ⣬Ҷɼĳ˴ûԸ, Ҳд
ǿȥծ˾пܱŪ϶Ը, ˵ӿǲ, ķҲǹ˾ʶҲ̫ˣҲֻȥ
ֻǷǮҪʱʱľͻȥ, ȴҪ
Ҷɻұ˽˲Ǯ, ˼ծ, ûôɻ, ֡
ʲôʱӣٲȥ֣һΰⲻģʵڻеǱ´
ŮǷԼɣ
ҶɩڵѾ˴ˣǲҶɽȥųҶңܲõЩǮ
ҶԭǲģվǼҶǶٴһ뵽;ۣȻ˰ۡ
Ҷɩȴ᣺ҪҪǲٰⲻģ˵ˣҹ⾰֪жãǵ˼ֶһܸϣӣϸðǡ
ֻ˵⻰ʱҶɩҲ֪ĵĿһˣҪסȴ˵˵еġ
ֻô˵ȰҶק˵
˹ǰҪȥʱѾˡ
Ǹȴûռ˵أǮ˴һأԼլӣΧļҲµģе˷ׯе軧֡
ʱ춼ˣҲûˡ
ټ⸽ҵˣ֣Ҳû˭Χۣ˶Ҳ졣
Ҷɩȴû쳣ֻſڶſŵ˴󳳴£֪˭Ƕ̵ˣң֪ʲô
ŵǸӣҲǵ軧ĺӣҰ﹤ġ
ƽ⿴ŵĲ¸вǣ˭뵽Ȼ˹۶ӣ
Ҳ˵ֻŲǽȥ߶ӸӸ磬ֽϽȥ˰ɣɿŲסˣ⸾̫ˣ
֪ǲ߶ܿ죬Ĵűҷֿ
Ҷɩ۾һҲˣ˦˿˵֣˼һѰѶʯʨӺͷҶɸק˳
ǡǻǻȥɣôˣǲõġҶɵ͵͵ģЩԥ
Ҷɩȴ£ô˹ҾͲǸ绹֪˵ˣֵܣʲôޣǷּҾˣĴ㲻ɣҶɩѹǲڣʹҴ㣬ЩծĿɶˣԺ󻹹ˡ
ҶһӾû˻˵ҶɩԼǰߡ
ֻҵĴȻˣȴΪǿġ
ȳӣڴܸӵʱһʱѾ߲٣ƽʱ£ҲѧһЩɡ
˫۾䵭ʱ򣬴źʮƵ
Ȼ֪򸾵ĵУž;ֻᷳڣû˵ķݶӾֻۣ˵һԡ
ʱ¯š
ڱ¯ģֻҶǵ˶ˣ֮ǰҶУǸδζú˲Űġ
ҲԼӵǣֻ¯ҶƲ˾£һֱţԼӵĹģ
˴ţһ۾ƼҶɺҶɩ
ʵǵӡϴҩֻǵʱĶǡǲˡֻȥҶûˡ
ۿҲֻɨһۣ⣬ҲǵģΪ£
ƽɫһʱ˷ֱ治ϲŭ
ҶϵóԼ÷͵͵˵˾䣺÷򡣡ͲˣֻǿҶɩ
ҶɩҲûж룬ֱӰԴ̨ϵԭ÷򰡣ҽġ
ָ軭¯ϵ·Ƥ̧̧
ⲻ˵˺ôƣҲɣòġҶɩ˵⻰ʱ򣬱鶼еŤ
ǶҶʲôǸΣҶɩ⻰˵ίԼˡ
ǰԣ˵ûĶãҲû
ԼҪü˳۵˵
ܿҶɩţȻҶеίԼҶɩԼ̵ίģ˵Ҷ˵ŻŻܸǵӵġ
ϾҶɩǸҪҪ˼ңǮӿŵʱȥؤܵ˼ͭ壬οԼ׼ء
ӲҲþòȥˣҾţ޵ǼǰҲˣŲãû취Һ粻С˼ҳûôҲֻǹˡ
⻰˵Ӷֹס
˵ó
ö಻Ҫܰ˵ô⣿
ֲ֣һμʶҶɵǸУֻϰһ飬Ҳ˵
Ҷʲô㣬Ϊֵ
ֻȴ֣Ͼﻹеɩֿ֪Ҳÿ
е飬ˡ
۾䵭Ŀ˿ǣʲôû
һ仰µҶɩҭûš
Ѱ˼ŶҪ㶫ǽҪģô
ҲԵɣȻѾּң޹ϸǺҲûκǣ߰ɣĪҪҸˡ
⻰Ҫ߶ϸɾҶɩ°ͷ̣״ǣ⾰ǱҶҶ۵ģҶǮҶҲøһЩģٲҶɩⶼ磬ڵˣǲӹ̫ͺģ֮ǰ
ӴǣƤǽİ˵Ϲݸ嶼򡣡ʱмӴܿͶҶɩǰ
һ׳ʵɨۣﶼżЦҿ˵ˣɩɩĿСãͷǷһƨɵծһأʲô˼ҰŶԣ˭֪ŵ˼ҶɻļҵףȴСóԺȣǰԼϸƤİ
ɩӣɲô˵ϸƤⲻ٣ü۵ģú
ҿɼһ͹⣬ڷһڡ
ϧ⣬˳Իܼǵøãڸǡ
һЦӺվԶֹʲôҶɩǺ֪ʲôû
Ҷɩ֪⼸ĶģǵĻ˵ԽԽֱ״ף̲סˡ
ûʱڼ߻װģ۸õģȼ޸ҶɣԽ䱾ʱԹϵĿ
Ҳ˲ԼǲˣҶɩƿڱ⼸ţҼҵʲôɣ
˵ûɵġ
⼸Ӷǵ˼רߣӳ˵ģɲɣȻǶҵ˼ȻҪġ
οҵ¶ֲʲô˭һ䡣
ҲǵģȻ֪ҵίҶ˴ģЩӲٶСæҶְԣǮǵ˶̵ĺôĻ˶Щͬ顣
ǣոŵģ˲˺ƣҲܶڲˣʲô˵ʲô
̫죬ֻʲôС潸ɱš֮Ļ뻰ۻǲҪǮ⵹ǣЩӰ㲻˵Ҷļ£ҶɩҶĻ¶ֻ˵ľӾͰûͣ
ö죬ɵÿүǾôô
ɫ¡
ҹΧҲҲҵûеӳлģȻʲôʲô
Ҳĵ㲦ӣַķģϵ飬Ҫ˼Ҿͻ㽲ġҪˣǺ˵棬ͲҪˣͰ˺ȱǡͽˣǽǲܹ黹ţ²ܿԼ
ԣͷ룬ͷϸϸļ
Ҳ¾ǼȲҪֲģǾͲˣҲҪǰƤԼϡĶȻҲϡ
ֻǹӣǼӻûߡ
Щûˣ֤һ첻ģɸҪĶҶɩҪģܳӮʰҶɩĺܡ
ӮȴĶִ򣬶ҶɩҪץӵʱסֵġ
˵ˣܼˣƤӾˣˣҪϵġ
ҲƳŲߣ̧̧֡
̵ˣ
ס죬վһԣϴãȻǸղʹ죬ġ
ҶɺҶɩ˱ᣬȶˣŮǺۣЩһÿͼðҼҴҵ󣬷ˣЩɱģҡ
΢΢üϡ
һ룬˹ȥ˲Ҷɩʵʵץסı۰á
һԵҶһոֻܣû֣˵ʵ𾪡
վⲻ׼
ìܹìܣô֣
Ҳһ̣ҶͻȻʶʰǣֱײ顣
ûǶʲôƽ̨ףվǰ
һ룬ӿ
Į䳹ǡ
һοģʱ򣬻ڶԸ̼ʱ
̼ҡѾûˡ
ûôŭ෴ƽúܣҲǺ͸ոһ޶ĵĮ֪ѶˣȻĸ΢΢һ٣ʹǮ
Ȼڱô˰յʱ䣬ܴﲻ뿪
ôģʡ
ҲһǮǰɣƵľԶű˵ĺôֻԼһβסԺֻЬ׵Ļ࣬סϴ
ǿ飬Ҫء
¯һԵӣ˵ģ˵ˣԼҲ֪Ȼˣǲ˵˵һ¡
óһֽ俪˿
ϲȫҲֻãȻ
ҲǷѾֱӵǰ£ҶǷǮӣԼǾ黹ûԼĪĹǮӣ֪ǺʱܻҼң


79 
ЩǮ, Ǽǰ, Ҷƽָ˵΢һܻˡ
ڣѾ޷Ļծȴǰֶò
ҶɩӲ֪ҶɻǷҵ, ʱ, ֻ˶, ֻص۾ĶҶɡ
ҶȴֻǵԼǷһҾ̵, ֻǵʱӻǸͨС, 㲻ʲôʱǷö࣬һʱǲҲеġ
ó˽Ҷȥ, һƴ˻ȥ
ɫ۾ҲǣҪǮ, ڻ˱ǣûǮ, ͸Ͻȥ, ȻǮһļӣԺϡ
Ҷɩ죬˵Ҷûǰ濸, ֻԼ󣺡÷, 㿴Сõ, ĪҪ׷˿ɺãǲ˼, ҸŴ󻧣ҡ
⻰˵˹ˣһǶҵǮǶһʱ׬ģû͵ûûûƭôƵģǷծǮ쾭壬ĹǮǲ٣û㻹ǮѾǿк֮µķݶϡ˵ģյɷǻǮǸȥţһҶ˻ǮҲǿԵġ
иӺ⻰ЦĴӣʶţ󷽵úܣҪҪƣܸüǮء
Ҷɳû۾ʼҶɩ
ֻһۣҶɩ˰ء
ȻҶɩ֪ԼӶûˣѿֲҶһۡ
İΪ˭ɲΪ
ǲ֪ҶԼӣǲ֪ԼֻҶɩû뵽ȻʱԼģĴͷһ¾ģ
ҶɩƵȦ죬ʶԲˣȴûԲҶġ
ԼΨһһԵģԼ
ûģҲȥ˵ݵĴͷԷɣֻܵǮֹĹǮʱǮǡûлǮ˼ͻȥԼӣĪҪµģƽ׵˯
̶ǵ˵ɿɡָŵ˰ڰ֣ǰѴ´򿪡
Ҷɩһɿ̱˵ϣ˫ֳŵϵʯ壬Ĳ֪ʲô
Ҷɣ׷æ÷ܲСãһۣ
ӡһôûûˣŲ䲻ǮͲ
ĻӦǸ
󣬱תȥҲ˽ȥ׼ȥǮŽգû
ûãиȥϵԺӣ˵˼ʲô
ӵͷȥˣŽСãѾˡ
תŷֶ˶٣΢΢۾ôߵģ
ӱſڷ¶˵˵үźǸ˻Ҷͦģô˺Ҳǵ飬ǼңҲ˶̾ˡ
ˣϲɵһЦܿЦݣ³һ㲻ʲôöʵһʼҾ֪
˵ϳһ£ˣ֮ǰҶΪǮʲôĳūţİ֡
ô
ӳһ£û˵
֮ǰҶɩҶͣ˵ԼСģκ⣬һõİ֡
ѰյİֻԼͼ֪Ͼÿ˵ļɻ䣬Ҫñ֪ˣˣܹ鲻ãŶʴϸ¾ˣĲѯʡ
ҶİֵʱǶõģҶҷУǰֶǼٵġ
룬в²ģ
ȴת˷飬ƽͣվֵɵİ־ͲãҲܺȻǸõģǾ͸ûֵڶԺ𡣡
ӵͷٶ˵
ֱ۾ΪˣΪ˻Ž˵ЩҲĳĲǼԺǼۼҵ˶Ҫߵġ
ӸЦʵǰŵǲҲˣ
˰ɣղ±㰲˹ȥţΪ˸ǵѵǻȥʱܵƤ֮࣬ԺҲʡĳӦˡıĺãЩҲˡתת飬
ӦһҪȥϵҹˣǱӦûû˯嵭ĹȥʡǶˡ
ǣˡ
ҶС񱦻ȥʱ򣬵ȴĳڿϵ档
ؾʵ
Ҫǰһ콫ĢӰ֭Ϻ֭һ󿪣Ȼ׺˼ɡ
ζĢζϺص㣬Ȼûʲôˮȴ˶ʵ
Ѿ̳ԵñˣҶˮˣС񱦵ǱǿЩԵİȡ
֮ǰҲų˿ڣһ˯˴ҲСһﲹˣԽá
СӵѾ˯ȥҶŵ˴ϣСضЩȥǰһҹ
ֻмԸʰˣѸʱ°ͶҶ
ҶԼʱѾĹĵģСƵġ
ȥӲǣҶЦôңҸղźʱĶŪô˵ţҶ̧첲
Цס֣ҡͷúõģﶼá
С˲Լ֣һֻÿӣԡ
ԣҶӣչȥ͡
ȣɨһһ顣
ȻܰȵҶΪΪȴȻס΢Ķ
ȵҶȥ棬ŵÿʣոʲôأ
Ҷ˸Ц峺๫˵Ļ֮ǰ๫˵Ĩۣ˺þãҲ๫ģǲġ

һ̣Ҷٴη˼Լǰ׶̹Ҷʲô
һԹ⣬Ҷһ飬ʳ㲢ڴ׼˯ˡ
м˸񱦡
Ȼ߶񱦸Ͻȥ˯ĵϣҲ᲻ðСĶӸˣһڴЪš
񱦱̰˯ڴϣ¶СƤٰŲʵ
ҶǲӶ۾Ҳ˯ȥ
۾ǣʱǡ
ӣĶӣһֻССĴʵУڣһˡ
Լȫȫ黹ܾڣԼжԵɡ
ǰԼһ˵ʱ򣬵ΨһĿꡣ
ڲһһһĿġ
̽ͷȥҶĶͷ˸ǣ˳񱦡
˵ţҵ̫ܸ࣬øڷܻرۡ
۾󣬾͸оиԼġ
ʶĿסҶ֣ȥȴҶû۾ʶľȥ֡
С˲μʹ˯ҲŸԼ๫ӡ
һҪսЩͱ񱦵סˡ
Ȼ⺢ӻ㳤ĺá
ȹ˼գ˸ˬӣҾ׼һҺҪȥɽϵԺסס
һȥ鷿˼¶һʱúþӪҲȥɽԼĪҪѰ˵ط
ҶԺ׼ûʲôҪŵģֻСؾˡ
С׼˲ٶСӲ£ԴöȵľװӣټҶƽʱҪõҪרһţŲС
̣ʲôҪôСĨŶͷĺżӡ
Сڹ׵ë
ҶҡͷͻȻǼʲôƵģš
ϻҪŵģϾǳţһȥûи²ϻӷ߲Űȡ
иҲҪ߲Űġ
Ҷóһнûκδ壬أóһƤӡ
Ƥͷŵ׺Բġ
òõϣŲİ
ҶǷŻؽУķŽݡ
磬ҳɽϵԺӶȥ


80 
ȥɽϵԺ, һ·̡
ԭֻһһţð, Աʱ֮衣
Ѱ˵ǺģţȴŪ
Ѱ˼ͷţĺܣһͷţ׳, ȻСźţ᲻ȥ, ˵ˣȲЩͷ, ҲҪúõĲź, ֲи
ҵǲѰգͼ︻, רŵĵطţ, ӹøЩ, ƥҲ
ŵʱ򣬱ţ, Ȼûпҡ, õĲ϶ûʲôģȻ˲Χۡ
˵ĽǼٵģҲֻĽˡ
Щ˲ҲҶ, ǰҵĸ, ҵ, ǵĶ, ʢȻۣɻΪҸ˵ġ
ҺˣЩָҳԷ˼Ҳܹӡ
ΪҩƹҲȥһˣȻƼҳŵųʱͶŶһ
ָӣűȻ̥ʱɫҪЩ˷ĻɵЦ˺ˣÿȥ˶󣬾һͨ䣬ǰôûô˵أ
ɵһһĻصԷ飬ȷʵǶþӪ֮ˣһ
ԣҲǸŵͷЩпˣҸ˶Щ񶫼ҵĹ⾰ȷʵԽԽãүƼģɳ˶үǻдү棬үֺãδд컯ġ
Ҳŵͷȴȶøһ㡣
̼͢˼ң˵Ҳ֮ֻǵλߵĺʻǻ׹ݺѧӡ
ҴصסҵҶܸһܿƿֵѡ·ȴߵúܺá
ڷδģศɣҵδԶһô򵥡
ţͲɵ˵δǺǻҪҪ˩ڶүϵģүʵǷǷܱȼ硣
Ͻ˽Ļӣź˯۾ЦеĿŷ˰ɣЩûͬ˵ҲûãҸʱ䣬ȥͬ˵ϾܲǱޣ˼Ҳţⲻǰ׿ô
ӣ˵ÿ仰ɶǷθ֮ԣɲҪͬЩƨӪ֮ͽΪһ̸ıЩࡣ
ֻģܻסˣȴϡ
ȻЦӯӯģԼһģ๫ҵȻ֪ˣҼ๫ɲˣʲô˵ʲôֱʵúܣʹ˵֮ʣ԰ɣ
ͷԼԼο
ֻ˻λĻӣȻЦſң㻶ϲϲң
һ仰÷ɫǺ졣
ȻһʼȢ˶ϵʱŸĸ֮ý֮ԣ˶ʱͷ棬ֻǸһ棬ϳһЦʱһʵӷͱԵġ
ʵƫƫǸÿʵӣƫƫ϶÷úˣԼϹһһ㶵ġ
ˣ˵ԣҲߣֱֻ˵䣬ʵҲʵʵ˵
˼ΣϵȻ֪˵
ȻȻϷ죬ʵʵĻش𣺡Ȼϲӣϲˡ
𰸶ϲҲǲԼģչȥͰԼ˷ĻС
Լ๫ƤҲǽ𤣬ڷıԼ˿Ѿǽ࣬ţ£ʱеǡ
ԼĲ࣬ԼҶӻҲסˣȽɽԺӻҲôŻȥݷòǡ
߶Ҷ˿ϣﱧ񱦣ֻǺͬȴϡ
񱦳ҶԺæҲǵԺæѺӱȥϡ
ϵȻӵģǼԼҶСӲḁ̃ģǳԺûչ˺ãû׼
֪ɵӲչ˲иᡣ
񱦳ϾͷţҶʮӣ񱦺úţӶǲúտ˿ƫ
ȴټ񱦣Ҷ֮ǰӿҲǶպģȥҲ£ȴžˡ
ڼȻңҶϼϸˣҶһ񱦸ǣһϡ
ҲǳȫһТġ
ȻϴϳƼ֮󣬱㱧ڻﲻϵЦû
Ҳ΢ŪͿЦ۾תСȥ߬ϵָཱུСֻţȴ۾Ц
񱦣Ҷ꣬ͷʵǺã֮ǰҾ˶Сʱģ񳤿ˣͶСʱֱһģӿ̳ģ۾ͽһɾ͸ˮ
һֱϵģȻǵСʱģŵͷˣˣֻǱȶүСʱЦЩ
һ˵꣬Ӿ͵ر֪ͣ˵ϵ¡
գүʵ̫ˣӺˣˣ˲֮ǰԼҶүǸŹǰתȦˡ
⻰Ȼ̾˿СʱҲûô֣ܿЦˣɺˣҲãԲģһϲ
û˿һȥݲʱȻ仰Ҷ˵
ڳݲ豾Ͳ̹ȻǴ·ƽ̹ҲǸƽȣݲȻҪԷ⽦СʹԺҪ˵ҲҲϷ
Ҷȴûʲô۾һֱϴת
˵ĸС˲θյҲûãͻȻһǻȳʵе㲻ʵ
ǸɰĺӣҶֺһ˸ӣһһ£ǳݡͬʹࡱЩ۰
Ҳ˵ˣѰ˼ҵĺӲǰ޾ǰ֣϶˺ú˯ȴһ£˯˯óԵĳԣҶιĺãСһﳤҲЩȴӲҲˣȻһЩ
ԼҲ֪Լ׶Լǻкܴһ־Ȼôġ
ʱĺ̰ԵʱһҪιϺüΣովιˣԵñҲֺǺǵģ۾Ҳתתȥ
һֱԵľҶˮİװ׾Ҳཱུģʵĺ̹ҲͰЦžϲ
Ҷִ˴СһͱһŤͷĵסָ˱ЩŪС˲ҲЦ
ʱóߡ
ҶӣƼͷӡ
ӽ챾Ǹһܳϵġ
˵Ҷɫһ䣺ǲ๫ʲôˣ˵ţͰִջס˳ܣƾҪȥ
Ӽżæǲǣ̷ģүõúܡӾϵӵݽȥүҸͶġ
Ҷԣ֪£Էġ
ʵѰҲûôţƫƫֳƽ׵Ķ˵ǡ
Ҷ˵ЦֽýŵĲƼһӺ⡣
ЦŵǶүģ˵֮ǰϲԣ¶̶͸̱ˣö̴ϣˡ
ԣɵЦɵǺ˼ζ֪ǷʢիģѰֻĵһ¯еģţʵˡ
ҶһȸϣŽԼ
򣬺ڴݼ仯ζЦ۾
ӻȥʱͷѾˡ
ڳˣʵϲ
˵ϲˡ

ǸСģıȥҶԼ׳Եģ˳ԲźãĻȴ䶼ϲ
֪ԼͦȡֵģǶ˵ѾϰҶͬԼһѰֻҪţǶһġ
Ѿһ˴ڳｫһʱˣѰЩĪĹµ͵ȥֻҪҶӾĵĻԼûʲôԵ뷨
ûЩʧ䡣
ɾʱͻȻͣˡ
ҪôˣͿӱÿһӺɫԲб۵Ӱ˽Ѹٵסӡ
㶣ԼЦʱૣ㡭Ĺˣ
ĳ߱ոҶҪСЩѣҶ㣬˴վŲֻ࣬סԼнʱЦӯӯĵóԣҹлл๫


81 
ϵ, ЩƵģЩܡ
Сûʲôں, £ȻûʲôԵҪˡ
Ҳ̫ϲ䶯ǰźõϰһƽ˾Ͳ̫ϲͻȻðľϲ
µ, Ҳһе鶼ϲŻ̹
Ҷһѵõʻ, ԼȫȫڴҶһ̶ˮע
Ȼ, ʱԼҪʲô, ļ㲻
ôŲģ̫鷳ˡȻô˵, ȴǽ£, ɿ˼ûС
ҶҲ, ŴŴģµģι, ӺСؿ, ءҲ˵ҲЩ㣬ҹơ
֪ǿԼ͵ĵ˼, ˸дҶ
ȴͷǽĻ, ģ
Ҷ, ؿ, ʵҲ㣬ܾÿҲİġ
ǣַҶϣ΢΢ͷķ˸ǡ
Ҷ֮ʱȸոչÿܶࡣ
Ȼ˲ǰһţûʲô飬ǲԾ΢ЦֻҪԼţ˲١
ǰʱ΢΢ҡΣЩ
ҶҲϵľ뵡ֱߣסֱ۱ڻЩ˵ҪطҪһӣ˯ɡ
Ҳ֣ͷ΢΢һᣬ۾
Ҷǲ˯ţ׼ó׼ġ־ơ
ŵģ˵ȻСǸ־ԺѧܿЩ
Ҷã͸о·ϵ
С˲ţǽɽ·֮ǰƽ˳Щǵ·ŪóҲȸղҡκܶ࣬ҶŪѣ鱾קקӡ
ϡ
Ҷͷź۾˯̤ʵָ軭˵üۡ
ÿ
С˲۾Ц£һһĶ䣬Ƕָмá
ͣʱ۾
ֱֱľͶҶЦ۾ӭһǡ
³ʱҶȥģ۾ţرƥͷһɰɫëǺϡ
˶³߹Ķ侪ȵôˣ
ҶҲ˿͵Ҹո£ˡ
ֻǵĹ뷿֣֮ʣֻ֪ոԼʱ򣬶߷˿ԼϣζζҶһһ๫ÿһ˲ͱɫȾ˶䡣
߶죬֪Ҷոĸˡ
ɽԺסŵӵǱڼĸЩ
˵ҲãֻڼҵʱѰ԰ߣǳȥϣ˾;Ȥˡ
ɽϣɽķҶȾϿϿգҹѰȪȥ棬С
󲿷ʱ䶼һҶ˵ġ
ԼĪʮ죬ҶѾߵӶһ飬˲ٲҩŪ˻
ЩҩЩʶģЩûģƽֻҵݣҶܰڻƺҪؼңҲʾ޳ɡ
ʣҲ룬ȫȻΡ
ȴûд񱦳ţţͷԼҪˣʱģǲȥΪá
Ҷ˵ͷѻﶯȥ񱦵ݸһԵСأ߹ȥ££ϵӣǱ㲻ȥãˣ̿ɺã
ҲǣȻӦʡ
ɾ˸óʱӾү
Щ⣬ʵɽĹ²٣Ѱûʲô̶ϢҲݹȥξȻҵͷһ⡣
ţƼվſڣҶȭ֣үҼ롣
һԥվʵںδ
ҼҹӾڰɽľУдҪүԥһ£үҸҶϽϢݻˡ
ҶֱӣʵҸɺã
̻صӲͬ˵ȥһˡ
ûаԥľ͵ͷ׼뿪
ֻֻҶƽֵϢ˲ڰԼȥиҪ顣
ˣ̫ġ
µǷݣǴ糿ĺԼȥС£ǣҶƽ֣Ҫȥһ˵ġ
ҶȻҲҶƽ֣Ҳ£ܲȥ꣬ĺܡ
Ȩһ£ɽľȥҲһĹ򣬿úܣȥȥͻء
С˲һסȵȵȡСȥ¯磬ܻ¯߬ţְϣһϵŴһ߶Ǹ̫ԶͲҪය
ЦЦָ⣬ͷӦãˡ
УȥҲҪȽӿǡ
á
Ҫ꣬ɡʹǰֽɡ粻Ҫ±ܣʪˣӦûһǵû˾ͣٻأ˱ƽˡ
֪ģİɡ
ĬĬ죬ͻȻÿԼҶϽʱҪ߶ҵɼ֮Ļ
˼һңóɼͦġ
ʰͣˣҶվſڣ뿪
ҶЩĵİͷ죬նҶʱȴɫĺҶԵòôˡ
ţСصϽӹ񱦱ڻУ΢΢ҡΣ۾һ˿ǡ
๫᲻ꣿ
ƺʲôʲôʱǴ衣
겢ǰĴ裬ȴ䣬ܵģͷ
һһⳡˣǾҪżˡ
ˣû緹ûҪ緹ʱû
˲żֻ˳иġ
С˲ȴ֪ӦԼؾһ»ˣҲ˻Լ˵һġ
ƫƫӰûУ˳ĿʵҶҲԾЩϸĵǡ
ʱԶԶģƥӴзɱ
ͷưɫëϣų뿪ƥ


82 
Ҷ͵վ, 촽һ
ƥǸոոĲ٣ֻȴ, Ҳˡ
ˡ
С˲˵, ˸֪ģ֪ǶЩݳ, ֪ġ
ɽǧ, С˲μĶ·ˣҲʵ
ϲԼֻʵܻ
๫ǳ, ɵ׷ʲôҶһʱ벻, ܲţ, Լ๫Ÿ綼Ҫһӣȥ
Ҷվ׼ţɿ˿ﻹҰ쿴񱦣С˲ζ˶, 󽫱ŵصݸСء
Ѱǰһ, ȴҧԼЩ, Щ, ſڶȥ, , ȥ๫ˣĽȥȥͻأտ񱦡
СظҶʱˣóҶ˿ǿװ򶨣æ̣£Сشȥͷô󡭡
չ˺񱦱ǰˣģгȥµġҶЦЦСصͷֵͷ񱦵磬һݳƥưëѸʧСصС
ԺȥɽľԶ˵һĹ͵ˡ
ȴûھǰͣǴǵĽųǰȥ
ù˵ģ״Щȣɵûͷȥʣ̣⡭
ȥˡҶӵ
Ҳڶ˵ʲôųߡ
Ҷǰͷ̽ӣһۡ
ѵһˣȴŵѪζ
Ҷļᵽɤۡ
ûãһԺͣˡ
һɽͷũңǴͷѾߣ˲ǡ
ͷҶϵãǼݳ
ƣǸվſҶϵãȥ˲ɡԸһ䡰ͷšɱȥ
Ű߰Ѫۣȴ˿һѪ
üͷ壬ϺųٵţɱҶʱ΢΢һ㶣ƺЩû뵽ҶϽãô
ҶȴھЩʲôȵ¶꣬һѳϵ磬ʵ๫أ
ԣû˵ǲ˲
ҶһƼǱƽϵӣ˵ؿѾȾ˴ƬȻ˸ǿƬѪ֪˿ڼûѾҡ
ҵģС˲ȴ㲨ûС
ֻǼеѰԼ๫ܿ죬һŤͷƼ
ɵȥãɫףȴЩĺ죬Ҷ߽˾ŵ˵ѪζƼֱϵ˿ڡ
˿ڣǳҲѪˣȴҶĵۡ
һô۵ʱ򣬻˻˯һСĲˣŪڴϺһӲŻʱ˸ȣʱֻ˲˵С˲ǸԼιˮ๫һغ
ʱҶںԼ˳ΪԺ׽ǸڣҶͬ¶Ȼ׽
Ҷס˺ȥܸоһķȡ
֪ΪΣǻԲѵģȴҶֹȥʱ΢΢˶촽Ὺϣ
Ḷ́Ҷȴϱ
һʱֲˮˮˡ
Ѿ棬ҶȻǱŵģҿޣ˵뺦ϸ΢Ķܾŵһ㡣
ϵĶ䣬óӸ棬غţû¶ˣ๫µģϾͺˡ
ᣬǶȴģٿֻƤˣúűãԼȴһأ֪
ŲԶĿһĳʣپԼ޶޲
ԭֻɽɢɢģǰҲģ˵ҲɽϣٹȥˣҲҶƽֵ˵һ˵˭뵽Ȼվɱ
ǰҲ˰пӺӾǵһ·ϣڳߵıûֹͣȻҲöү˵͵Сģٸš
Ѿ˽һͣӣ˭õȻһ˸ݵġ
̿ͣոǿٺ͸ڳߵƴȴȻóһ
ʹù˽ⶾҩ裬˵ĵطڽҪؿڣ಻֮Ҫǲܵ顭
˶ˣײƶٱϾϹսģ˾Կסɽһ·Ȼոû̿ͿҪȱˡ
ֻɽȥˣµİȴ˵ˣȫȫӰļҲ
үˡ
뵽һ
ɱǺҲǳ͢ȻԼүôƢлةܣǹЩҲô֡
ɱ㶾Ǻ
˭ģվٱǳİһҲùۼˡ
һʱ䣬潥磬ٵԴȴѾƬƬơ
Ҷȴûо콥ˣıŵĵط
Ů˶ߣıסӣס
ˣС˿ܲ¡
Լ๫ϣ˼ϸȣҪ
ҶûƼǱ߰ĳʣں˵ĵĲһˡ
ıҶ֣๫ɻţ
ӦģһƬûκδ𸴡
Ҷ㲻ٵȣ̽УԼŵĽ֮һʹӲͷţƤһŰ׺
׺֮ۺɣֻ֮ҪһϢдɴӹŹק
ҶЩһʱЩ󲻿ӣѹӷڰϣָһӱѿ
û֭ˮǸˮĹʵˣȴǸʵĹ⡣
Ҷǿ󿪵ģЩϸϣҶȴûȥˡ
ƤдУҶ̽ͷȥʵʵĶ죬Ĵ˿
ȵһѶ£ҶжһĲ˵ϡ
ȻоѾ΢ŷ̵Ƥָ첲ϵȻָܺܿѾû̫ģҶ˿
ܷ¡
ҶӵԼЩѡ
С˲εڶεᣬ֮ǰ񱦵ʱҶûп޹ȴûԼˮӯޡ
ҲǵҲģģ˵ᵽʲô
ϲŭֻ֣Ҫ˼֮ͻᡣ
ģҲֻлˡ
վϲŭ֣𣬾ͬԼ๫һбϲϵԼһ㡣
ںģֻһˡ
оůĺҶ΢̣˻ԲѵĻ
Һáá
ɾʱǱߵĳͻȻû
ոջϸϸĶ۵ĻģܹЩͻȻûһٻ
æȥڳ֣࣬ȥ̸̸ıϢһӰ
ҶһҲԾüͷ
Ѿû֮ǣҶҲ˼ȥǱߵˡ
ٺͣҶķһ磬Լ๫ܿøЩվ߹ȥʵôˣ
û˵ֻǿޣ֪ǿ޳ʻǿԼ
Ҷòش𣬱ųʵ
˿ʱʱޣ
ͨ׵Ļ˵ǰˡ
ҶӽʱûںʵĶ£Ҳﻹи֮ˡ
ݣҶ΢
ԼҴӣ֣ܵ๫Լ๫һ̶ӡ
ţǣô࣬
Ҷҿ˿ɿ˳ʵ˰ǰֽɢϵϸɨɨŪġ
ŸոչЩʱҲ˲ϸɾɾˡ
££Сܵ˳ߣٵ
ʹûҶĻ
С˲μռţֺֻһ㣬Ȼˣ˲Ҫô˿ɶҪġ
ǳʴ˿̻ǣȻҪ䡣
Ƕү󲻹ôȫ˭С˭ƺҪ˵Ĺϵܻ
С˲ԭôġ
֪ΣŴ๫Ĺϵῴġ
ٴʱҲڷӦ
˵ԽĿٶԣʻţͻţˣˣԼҪҶҪᡣ
Ҷ˵ܾȣȻæȥʵ͡
ĳ֪һͿˡ
پĿҶһźںĶ˳ʵ
٣ιҼү𣿣
ƺ¸ԵĲɾҶר֣ȫ˳ʵһ
ɣͻȻоʵ΢΢һæɿ˶Է°ͣһ̣һĿԣһϸϸŴϢૣ⿾㡭ôһζ
٣ү㵽׶ϲԿ㣡


83 
ڴ̿ʱ, ںͳ˵Ҷƽֵ䡣
ΣԳӵĳʲûй̹ϵظ, Ҷƽةฮ, ѾӽȬվͻ
ںǰ֪һ, Ҷƽֻʱ򲻵Լһ, ǻͬ
ֻǵ׻˭ŻʻûõҪҪϾͷС, ɾʱ̿;Ѿƴ룡
ȻԸȳ˵Щ, ΪҲȣϾƽͷ, ļʶ̿ʿͻȻƼ˵ʱһ²ȥ
ɾһ£öԷĵֱۡ
ӻȥŸ첲, Թۡ
ЩȻǳȥ, ߵҲǳص, һֱɽ¶ˮٰν, ˵Ǹģ, Ҳֲ´, ȻǻӵģǴһš
գǼˣٵҲһҵĵӡ
ؿڶԴѪֹʱû
ٻ񣬿ȴӵֶ뿪Զһũң֮ǰ·ûסģȥ˵꣬ǰһڣ²֪
ⲻһεСεĴ̫̫ࡣ
һȴͬ
֮ǰ۲־أܸо磬ߵҲģģǰйʱǱ۾Ҳо
һΣιȥ˾ιȥˣǱīڵ̶У˳
Ӿֻһͷ
վûŽ
۾İķʱ㱵ľԼǳ˹Ȼôôɿ죿
ɴûôɹȻһ㶼ʹһ㶼ѹⱾǲܵġ
˰ɡ
תתͷͶһϤ
ŮƯ۾ﻹˮʪģԽԵˮͨ͸
Щģ˵һչģ񡭡Ҳù㣬û˻ᣬֻǲޣʯͷҲҪ㡭
˵꣬Ҷȥ˵Ĵǡ
΢΢һ㶣ʶſͻӦԴŵȴǡ
˹ܱ׵
ҶɿʱŮ˴żִֵûµģأҲ¡ʲôһһûء
ҶԼֿ֣ҶţҡĶ
ѵÿԼ๫¶ģҶҲɵЦڴ£סӣСĶ㿪˴ҩ̣ƹʹæţΧлţģȫúܡ
ҶԼ๫ȷʵܿˡ
׺ܾҲֻ̲̲ЧЧһ㣬һȥѾû¶ˣܲѪ
ʹ֪΢˵ϸⶼܼһӸǴˣ۾ǰҶǵǵġ
С˲ι˹ĳ˶Ѫ֪ҲܲţԼ๫˵ƤǾ۵¶ֵ鲻á
Ҷɵõ๫úЪţĪҪˡ
λ΢΢ʶԼڻڻ䣬Լһ˱ܵظĪЩٺĸж
˲ѯʵ׷ʲô£סҶͷԼľѣŵãá
ûǼôõ飬ÿôԼӣⱲǹˡ
ҶС֮ǰǻɱ˵ˡ
ʲô
ǣĪ˵ޣʯͷʱؼôʯͷ֪Ŀ㰡
Ա֪Լղ˵ĺְЩŵİɣ᲻㣬񱦣Ҳֵ̫
ҶһЦͷ
׼ٶס˽Ų쳤̾
ҪĹͷȻҪΧ˼ҷ򸾶˶޼䡭Ҳ
˭ûȢ׵ļŵĶȢ׵ģĽҲûޡ
ٲûнȥֻƣȷû±
֪ʵǱǣ֣֮ҶǹؼʱһԼӵĶˣȻȥţذ¹Ϻٱߵ˸ڵ᷿
һţͿ˰뿿ϵĳʣһһԲϡ
ϻϴŵĻǱһؾĳȹ˸£ŲѰϻᴩŵѡ
Ǵ˼ҳģԶйأҲȻ϶ԼҪ
֮ûʰͳţΪĳʣһƫͷûϸá
ڽŶȥҩ̵·ϣĺúõġ
Լ๫Ǹˣ˵Ļ˵ˡ
ҪʺЫĳҪǼֵܶҰģҪǸ֡
Ϲܰѻ˵òģǰ˵˵վԼ๫˼Żʺĸ֮飬˼ֵ֮ܵףҲֻš
Է֣๫ҲĲǡ
Ƽȥ˰ĶүͻȻû
ոڳߣ˲ˮĸ΢ƣȴʲô˵
ǰѰǰ˵ЦȤĶүȴƽľż
ʱŽƼ⸱龰
ϰȥˮ뿪ˡ
뿪ԼܲˣӲͷƤȥү
ʵͷЩʻʵˣ
үոиӶˣƲأѾµ߶˴ˮͺˡүҪţķΣȻݣɻҪСģ˲
֣ס˱ײýؿڣΪұˡ
Ҷƽֵ£ƽʱҲҶƽֵĶݣҵȻ׽һЩ
˳ʵĻ̵ʱһߵʱӵķ˳ְæү
һ£ûϸʣֻǵͷǸõģķҲǺõġƽ׵İǣҶǲסƽֵûԸһⷬ飬һġ
ٵ˵ͷҳûϸʡ
ȻҲûΪʲôʵιιܾ
һ۾٣ʵɱң֪
ʵҡҡͷ˭֪ʿво綾۳ɲº󶼻ģûκθۡıʶҲͲ֪ǺΪ
ʱ˱۾ʵڵϴ㶾ˣԷ񣿡
û޶ذжģҶүӲûбжذ״ˣδжҲҡ°ѵѾб𡣡
ζ
Ǯӡ
ֶ㳣ֻǳȴ֪ҩһ֣ýǣ
ЩãȻǳȴһĨЦ
ԼؿڣǣǮĶǲӲȫΣоʹʹͷഥ״ǣ
˵ÿ֣ƽͣٵĶȴñ
Ϊ˶аݣɱ˻ҪĥˣΪ˵ʱɫ䵭ٴûƼġ
ѰʶƵǸٶԣӲǸүǸУ˵ԸºͣҲЦƺ鵽ﶼ㲻顣
䵭ٴûġ
ȻЦţǣһ뼫ˣ
һ̣ͻȻԼ֮ǰôЦЦ
ǣֻ֮йвУഫδˣǲûд㶾ڵϣʡı¶ֻǴذϡ
ʹļҡ
ʣСػŵĲĸ֮ľӪĲֵ֮飬δԲκˡ
ǲ֪ʼ飬ţҶ㿪ˣ뿪ˣλֻԼɢ֮£ɲܶܿ
˭ʵҰͳˣ
ڣʲףĳ֧֣һ˲˵ãվЩеĴ̣ҪεҪջ٣⣡
ͻȻЦЦԽԽЦؿǰ˿ѿҲ֪
Ǹɵģɵġ
޴룬ֻܹڵϣЩãȻĿ
ԭſվţþòȥֻ֪óףߺԺ·
վ̲סۣˮ裬Ŷ룬Сܹȥס˳ʣӵųʵͷ£ڻһ˵๫֪࣬ɣˣ˰
ʵЦЪˣϣ齥˫ȭյ
ڸڷ䣬ҶҲ˳ʵЦɵɻλǸˬˣȻôֵøˣЦҪԼġ
ԶЩĳЦ׳ɲǸˣ˺ġ
ʲôģ˵ûʲôϵҲ̽ҶǣС
Լͨ˼ңССģЩɴܵ鰭ǹӡ
ֻЩú̸̸ˣҪҶƽֵ׻ʱ˻Ҫи³̡
ǶԺ¶ˣڣλľԶЩĺá
⣬ҳ£֪𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷû֪ģոҲûаȥɽԺӶǻΪ
ͷЦҶķ˿ĶԣǸġ
˵ŻҶͻȻü
ɵʵôˣ
Ҷ촽ָָԼؿڣǡ
Ѱʱ򶼸񱦳̵ʱ򣬽񱦣Ҷǵûš
΢죬æҲ޴ˣϵ΢ڸһ±Ʋ컹ûڣǻȥɡ
Ҷȴվʱӣǣ๫ҡ
ʲô
ؿô
ͻȻ뵽˸ӵˣȴƽʵֻ˵Ҷġ
ȥҸ˵һдߣȻҲĵġ
Ŷ¶
һͷȥ
ҶЩĪƫƫͷô๫һϧأ


84 
ͬҶصɽԺʱѾˡ
СӱͿס, ټδ뿪Ҷô, 񱦱, û, СԴһֱתתȥƺˡ
Ҳⵣģ۳ҪˣϱͶϱûȻż, ƫƫСһֶʲ, СҶĶ, , ҲΪѾҪɽȥˡ
ʱ, Ҷˡ
Ӹͷưëĳ, Ǵҩǣһƥ, ѷԺǰĿճ˻
һԺ, 񱦾ϬƵģſͣޣ
ĿܺĻ˵ǼСڶѹġ
һñ϶һ
һƼҴҽŵҶ, ȴһ, ȷ, Цź˺廳񱦣ƣ񱦾Ǵ֪ˣĺܣǽ
ҲһԴȤЦҶȶϹ˳һְ񱦽ӹ
СһҶֹ˿ֽűٹţãֻŤԴҶĻȥţǶˡ
Ҷܲιһˣˡȥ·˵ɡ
ȥһˣʰһ¾Ъ˰ɣѰҡЦŵͷҶ뿪ˣȴסɣȵȡ
۾ǽҶģϵĻҲֻܶסӣһ񣺡
ϴЦкơ
۾źۼԼ첲ϵ˴ѾֱۣϹŵĲһʲôƲҲ±ϴ
߹ȥߣոɽȥҩ̣ϵ飬꣬óţŵˡ
⻰٣ҲҲ
ϲҪʳʲô˵úլˣԼҶǸģг㣬ԴҲֵϻ۵ģϴ϶ġ
ס֣Цŵ£걾ͲóȥӻţģԼҲãֻ˽ﵣģȥѰ㣬Ȼúúðǡ
ԣһüص֪ˣ
ðȥԼԼһţⱲʵҲǶиˣȻӰܻеֵۣܰ껹ȢõĹһҲ׻
֣Ҳֻ˵˼仰ˡ
뿪ûЦʵ裬Ŷǲң
ԥһ£صүТ˳ģţҲǺ·ġ
ϵͷûзϣתתϵķ飺ӶТ˳ģ֪ѰʲôֻǶɲ˵ҲԸװ֪ɸ׼Ҫġ
ķϵѻˣӵҲˡ
ҶȻŻȹ洩ŵȴӰ
ʹϲ²ʲô֪˶ȻǱ굢飬ܻЩԵ顣
Сˣǲģӽнʱˡ
ҡҡͷܻö֪ȻңҾҪװ֪źãҲҪǡ
ϵ鴮վ룬ӽǰ
ɽ֪һŻغüţпһɾˣȥߴһüŻ࣬ׯϺžˡ
Ӧһתš
߳ʱƼСغһֹ֪ʲô
Ƽӳţվ衣
ӵͷЦǺǵţôͷţˣʯͷϣСֶǡ
ʵӦˣ뿪
ԶСزסӣȥקӣһֱĲˣֱ᣺ô˵ôأ
ӴСͻ޵ģæ£үˣİɣͺá
С촽ᣬͷүҲˣأû£
˵ţСҪܣƺҪȥϸϸĿĶûˣϼеúܡ
æ¡
ү˵ȥ˶ү᲻ġ
û¶вǸôڶúõģǵȻϴˮ̧ȥʱǵøһ䣬ү˿ڲˮϸЩˡЦţСصԴ
ôܵˣû˵˵ҲֻŵСأԵʲôöûС
ʱиӹЦӯӯĶСصǷҸȺ˰ɣ
Сл˲ɻ˸ʲô
ﵹŶ壬ġ
СҶ뿪ʱǲ֪ǰʲôգֻǵҶĻսͲҪ˵չ˺Сүˡ
СؾһԲﵽǻҲûк͸¶һ˿һ
ôŲ֪ҶҪȥʲôֻӷԸѡ
͵ıġ
෴ҪǸո׾ٵİСص˿ڴž˽ͻȥϳţҲˡ
СصԴЦеĶˣͳԣĺܣ㲻ҿɾͳˡƾװҪϵס
˭֪СֱӰȥתһȦˣ԰ɣû¶˵꣬СҲʲô飬վȹӣȥϴˮպûС
Ӷ춹㶡
˻ЦǰȴЩɵģûһͰѺ춹˸ɾ
ҶѾι̣ѣ񱦷ڴ϶
ѾܿٶͰЦ΢ǿЦͣ첲ȶоȥʱɰ
Ҷȥ̧ԡͰŪʱ˵ֱȻ²ȥ֣ſŵ񱦸˹
ƺϲſţϲţ׵ŷ˹ⲻ⡣
ֻ֣ԼĻ֫Ѱŷȥķʽ
һţæֻʱʱĶӡ
ԼҶģͷȥСڹƵġ
ȵҶĺЬĽŲʱۼֿСһﱳһ£˳ķ˻ȥ
ЦĵſڴϣԴһ˫۾Ƶģˮ
Ҷ߹ȥʱƼľôһúгĸˣ
ϴЩЦȥߣȴ񱦰צֱץæסֱˣʹʹ񱦹Թԡ
ԣɵһЦ
Ҷգգ۾๫Цʲô
˵ֵģȤ˵ţ۵ãȥ񱦵С֡
ЦǺǵı֣ʲôģȴûֱצӡ
ҶûоԼ˵ʲôͬƽʱչ񱦵ʱһһԷ˯ģҶǲԾظ˵Լﲻԡ
ЩɻؿȤ
ǿЦŵǺ㣬
ƺһ;Щ̫ЩЩ˵ȥ
ǲٿڣƼҶ΢졣
ʵǸϡ¶ѰԼǿʲűģ뵽ʲôʲôһоʱҶ治ɫһԣδӣǿľƵģͨ͸
Ҷȴգ۾๫ôǺСƵġ
ǣٶȴƺ
Ժ˵ĵʱ
Ҷǵ˵ͷ񱦵Сƨɣ۾ԡͰŪˡ
ȴûǶҶϴɣҲ۵
Ҷȴգգ۾еģˣҪСĲˮȰϴ˲źá
⻰ȥ·ԡͰ
ҶȥŪһ磬ܵʵźСؽæտ񱦣ϵᲲëƽ档
ⲢҶͷһοϴ裬һλǸճײãҶײƼˣʱŵ϶ˡ
Ҷ̬͵࣬ǽ˲٣һ඼ûʲôˣͿɡ
ֲû
ֻҶëʱǻ䷺졣
Ҷ˿趹ˣֽϻСĵرֱۣܿһ˱ϴȦһʵո㣬Ӻȥ˵ʹй𣿡
ţ˵ˣ˵Ӵãվͻֻǻ˸һ֪Ǻˣû˵ŵȵʱ֪ˡ
⻰ҶİЩЩˮϸֱָ簲ȫǺõģڻܸϹ꣬Ҳǣ׼ôڻûء
ЦЦȴû
ϵ¶ȻǲСǣ͢һѰȻϸ̽
ԼһûеϵϵĵزҲûҪȥѰôҪӣҶƽֻᡣ
ϾҶƽָӵʱվãδҪô߻Ҫһźá
ʱҶ
ɵðͷ̽磬ͿС񱦣СЩΣŴԼĵͼЦǺǵģǵģ
СؿҶƹ˻񱦣ȻƼСʪһƬ
Ҷʵʪô࣬Ѱɡ
СرȥµĳĸɲСүɾ׼¸Сӡ
⻰Ҷ˵ģ֪ҶڿʲôֻбӿԡͰϣֱ۵˲תֻܲͷƼҶʪһƬ
ȻȻΪոҶǻ˵Լġ
ҲģҶˣԡͰ˼ˮнġ
һĵʪ˲£ֻǶ˷ãԡͰ󣬽ϴϴˡ
Сز⣬̿裬
ΪҶҪԥһ£˭֪ԼҽȻһڴӦҲɡ
ʶĶ˶ӣƺҪŲط
Ҷȴֽŵһԣת硣
ֵʱ򣬱ƼһѵùСӱŵԡͰ
ֱཱུſæҶЦ๫ϥϣŵ
ͺſԼĶӴ۵Сۡ
ЦǺǵĿﻹ˸ݡ
ͽ벻ı仯һҶһѶϴɾ
ֻţҪɽ
˼ң˰񱦱ȥ᷿˯ɽϣôһӣ뱧߶ûطȥ
˼ȴû̻ȥǹ˼˴ΪɽҶ֮
ɽ϶죬Ͽ˺Ҷһ˲Ҷȥ


85 
һ, ƼԼι¡
ҶȽԺ, ȥ鷿ι˵
һأι±ү, ķԸ, Ѿ˺˸, עϵ, Ҳ, үͷİɡ
ͷ, סѾȬֱۡ
ֱ, û˰̺ۣж档
Ƕ, ôġ
ʱĴ̿ͲǳԼ, ǳ, ˵ϵǷԼҹϵ, ġ
, Ҫ׼źá
ȻҪ͵ӵЩ鵱ȥ, ǼȻ֪ˣǱעһЩ, ûл
˶ɼȥɻм²ŻԺ, ҪڳϺһ, ҲԶȥ, һЩ
ιӦ, ŵȥҪԺû¶ġ
עЩǺõģεûǣΧҲҪ˿ˡ˶٣ϾѾԺԣһܵеģЩҲȫ֮
֮ǰѾ¹ɽ£ǴΪҶƽڲžܲնָ˰æͬڶΡ
ιԣɫ
ι±ǣǻԺӡ
ԺҶԼĻǰ棬ȥЩ¶ˮĻ䡣
ιңҶͷһ¾ȥԺ￴ԼЩҩĻ
ЩͦģֻҪˮ̫ҲͳˣʯѿݸǸ˹ԺԼǿģҶʱû̫ġ
֮ǰļЩס¶ûҪֻߣ
񵽼ˣҶԺӾȥơ
걻˵⣬Ļ
˿ҶϴЦŻ񱦵˵ߡ
񱦿Ц͸ЦԺ߽ʱľЦһŵĸ
˸ˣǣ˹ȥ
ҶȻ߽ʱ̧ͷǣ΢̣ü䣺ûʲôǾûؼá
˱ȻмŸཱུ񱦲̫˻ǾİԼȦӵݡ
Ĺ˵˵ֻɽס˶գﴦҪʰҲˣвҪᡣ
ԺæԼ鷿£Ҷǽݣ˴Ǽӡ
ͷдȥɽϵĶвǴɽϴģǻݲݾʮ裬ҶɽҵĲҩ׼Ժġ
һЩǴɽժķҶ޺޺ģиǩȥڵ϶Ǻÿġ
һĵǱȴȥĻҪࡣ
ȻСغæЩҪԼġ
ҶȥźϻӺͰŰ׺ĽŴʣţҶÿϧ
ⶫֳǸ๫ԵģóźãȻֻǲǿϧ
ŹҲ׳ԣӸק˻
Ȼ˶˵ܻǺõģҲںǵζ
Ѷ̺ãҶ˶
ͷʵôˣ
ԣϵĶСأԼܳȥûþͻ̣Ǵүʹ̻ˡ
ҶԣͷȶʰĲ˾ͱȥϵԺӡ
ȽţƼʯͷͷͬ˵ء
ϴȥׯ˵ѣҲׯƽʱңѰڼﻹҪΪ㣬ׯʣ˳Աʯͷ棬ŵǱ֮ǰ̬Щ
˵̣ѻˣ²һǰ㣬һҾĸϵϵԺ
ֿˣﵽ׶ҪҷֶȻŵãͷҲܶЩ
רűʯͷȤ˵˵ЦЦĵҲڡ
ϻͷҶһ㶣ЦˣҴĲ裬õģţůůӰɡ
Цºͣȴҡͷ
ԼҴϱԼ˵ʲô鶼Ҫ뷨ó˵Եòȡ
ת룬ҲãﻹǹԼͱȲǹҵǿ
Ҷ񱦹ȥ˷ߣɵضϺͷЦЦ
һţ˵߶۽ϡ
úüۣȻֻ´󣬵˫۾ǻҿ΢һЦǸƫЩ˭ơ
ֻз͵͵Ҷ
ҲкӵģʯͷʱҲûٳԿ࣬ǰͷҲû϶٣Ǻȷ綼Ƶ
ԼҶû̥ʱ˳죬Ҳȳ˾˲٣˵ҲЩţҶ񻣬ССһȹÿ
÷ϸйԼСۣоԻ壬ɾԲġ
񣬱֮ǰ˵
ߵҶԱţϿ˿ǰͷһʱҲûʳ
ʯͷԭԵÿģҶźҲϵĸ㣬۰Ͱ͵ĶҶơ
ֻһʯͷҶ̽Ų￴߶߶ţǵܵܣҪܵܡ
Ҷ֮ǰϽһֱӣ񱦾͸Уʮ죬ȳӣֽ˲һֱɽû񱦺ʯͷһ档
񾹻ͷһء
ССӣʯͷȥĿԵ˲䣬񱦾£ЦǺǵȥץʯͷ֡
ԤϵһĻľʰԱߵ齣̿յģЦŵŹȥɣֵһ棬ҲϤϤ
Ҷŷ񱦷ŵϣʯͷſϣ۰Ͱ͵ĿֻڵĵܵܣȤĺܡ
ͷֻСڹꡣ
񱦲ֻܿķ˸űſţЦǺģ́ͷֻûþֱʹϾֱſϣҲûޣǺƶ̧ͷ
ⷬŪһԵϺͷиŬԽԽ󵨣ʲô״Ԫ֮šӢǳĻ˵ġ
ŪС˲ҲԼҶӺһƺཱུСҵһ˿һܿ״Ԫס
ڣʻЦϡ
ʱ˴Сܽ˵䡣
ӱ첽ˣǰ洫˻˵Ҷүˣ
ּҵҶϺ֮ǰҶǰֵһͨҲظ¶רŷ˻ȥԺƼҶɣֱͨӺȥǡ
ңܽŵҶүֻһǱҶҶƽ֡
Ҷһ⻰վЩϲĶ
ǰء
Ȼ֪ҶƽֵʲôģǵҶƽкЩû֮ǰҶ񱦣¾ƶҶƽţ͵Ĳ٣µˡ
ϱЦȥɣôûҲ˵˵ģ񱦺ʯͷȺţٲȥѰ㡣
ҲŵͷϽȥӸռʣҷֲء
Ҷ֪Ǻ⣬Цǣһ·оزĳϵԺӣһԶţͰŵ¯СأȹӣԼߵÿЩ
˵Ҷƽֵĸ飬ʵԶûжԴô̺׺񣬿С˲ҶƽֶĺãΪԼһУҲʱʱ̼̿ǹš
ʱϺ˵£С˲ζٻܿһЩߡ
ǲ˵ͲʣﻹǼǹҵġ
ҶƽֻҶȻƼ
ǵȵǰһţͷһƼȴҶƽ֣һվﰺͷǽֻŮӡ
ŽУλ壬ֻűӰ;˵Ĺ
ҶûƼҶţֻŮŤͷסҶƽֵ֣˵ɣôû
һԵҶƽԣ˲յɫЩΣҪ˵۵ģ£µãģ˵ֻǷة°ȫص뷨ͻȻһ٣ҶƽƼ˷ſǵҶ
վƲסļ
ͷ߹һ⣬ȫȫӰĻƼǹҵӣҶƽȻǼѡ
Ҷȴûǰ´һȷҶƽ޲ŷġ
ҶȻûйȥǺҶƽֺ֣ǸĻŮӶһۣգգ۾С˲ε۾˽յϡ
๫˵Ů֮䣬ֻ˻߷޲ôֵ߬ġ
ˣòƾʣԼһˡ
ǣԼҴ磬ǳһ˴ɩӻ
ɩеڲͬС¡Լ֮ǰİټô


86 
Ҷв², ȴûֱ˵ڣЦӯӯĿҶƽֵ, ɻˡ
ͨͨһ仰, ûʲôѰ, ȴҶƽֵ۾ＸҪᡣ
һȥȷʵ, û־ͱ, ȻҶƽֲ˫ȭѵֱ֣ӱˣ·ĻԼȥ, ֻҪˡ
ȥةฮ, ˶õĴ棬Ҷƽָ, Ѱز, һֱͦŵȵ, ֿŹϴŵҩҲǹŹǰһֱӲק
Ҷƽְ˳ʽĲ, »Լ, ǻһ㡣
Ҷƽ־վ, ֱͦͦ, 촽΢΢ɳƵĺһ
Ҷգգ۾, ȹȥ, ߵҶƽǰ, Цſͷһȥվã񱦶Ĳϻˣû˵лء
Ҷƽʵ໰˵Щǣֱֲ˵ҶᵽԵ飬Ҳܳע⣺˭
ҶźۼỷҶƽֿŵ󣬾Ϣɿ֣ЦҵĺӣˣߣС񱦡
к˰
ҶƽһʱЩ㱣ܾԼս󣬺ͽ治࣬δζһ
ͷһ⣬ˡ2 ﻳˡ
θãӶˡ
ⶼϲ£ϲ£ҶƽЦ˫ĿҲ͵ĺܣãõúܣĺã񱦣һǸµĺӡ
֮£ҶƽҲûע⵽Լһֱ˽߬š
۽ֵĻŮӱǵʵ۵߹Ż
УΪõϳ谮Сǻڣʲôʲôĺܣ˷أĸĸǵһƷ󽫾ڹУң
񣬻Ҷƽָ֣ԼҸ˼ʣƫƫϻʵҲ֪ԼļӶ֣µĴҲǷɣ̸ڣûּѰˡ
̫ͬΣʵȴ̫뾩ͷֿŸʵֱּ˵֡
ֻΨһͬǣةಢûҶƽָŻ㳶˸дʺŪҶƽֵġ
ȻӵĶ뵽һةôܹĶһµƷϽ뾩ⱾͲҪ飬ҲҶƽֱеɵĺӻš
ϾҶƽֵҶƽҲȥĹ
ƫƫϲֱʵģټҶƽԼϽѰҲЩͬһ·ˣҶƽҪңҪ
ҶƽֺҶ׽ҲС˲ٺøУϸϸĴ
ò˵ҶǼÿģݣ˫۾Ưɾͨ͸ȪˮƵġ
еˣǻˬֱƢҲٲܣҲڿӢҶƽʱһģҶƽֵƷԣĴ
Ƽ峺Ҷϲﻹе⡣
ȻǴɵãһƾ֪Ǹõġ
ҶʱҶҲڿǡ
С˲Ȼǧƾ棬ӴĳС๫ԵĲ˻С˲ζҲͲ̫Ĺ࿴Ʒеķ
˼洿˶Ʋ飬Ҷȴһۿͨ͸
ԼҸǸˣһһǶֵףȻҲ֪ҶɰԼҺȻȻķּңض
ֱʵ飬ƫƫŮקš
С˲ξãʹϲ˵ҲѾСǸʶô˵šˣǡˡ
һŮ޵ЦݣɿҶƽ֣˹һסҶ֣ࣺһǴɵãͬһֱʣϲ
ҶƢˬҸоõ׽ЦЦס°á
Ҷƽһ㶣գŸԼղŲСı¶˻ݡ
ԼǣЩͷȥԼ˵©졣
Ҷֻͽź˿ڡ
Ѱռ˭ͼʲôأС˲γ˲ãȻ֪ʲô˼ԼҴôҲôбˡ
ҶֱӸĿںԼɩɩϾСԵԵȴҶƽҲӲˡ
ԻԣԼе˱Ƕ˵ģЩȽԼͨŮӣǵ˹λϣҪξΣ˭ܲס
ֻǻҲ֪ҶƽӢ䣬ȴǸƤģ׼Ƶ̫Цŵãһˣ鳤꣬Ҳǵõġ
С˲ֻԼǲ¶ˣҲЦʩһ񣺡㰲á
ðá
ҶϾͶһС𶧣ҶЩãȻСȴ֪ŮӸԼҶ̵ļ
ֻѰͷͽ𶧣ɱѰ˼ҵĸĿڷѻҪġ
£СزɵÿҶƽһۣŶ̵ĸ˸ӣǮƯҶүվһʱ䡣
ҶҲƢãϵЦЩ
һֱû˵ҶƽҲڻعǽõĳƺȴһ
˺ò٣ܲƽ޹ʵĶ˺ãɲҪѽȥô
һǾѾˡ
Ҫٲ˵Լҵ֪µĽҪŪȥġ
ҶƽҶᣬæȥùҶϵĽ𶧣ֻûһƲأǲǡ
ҶɻĿϵĽߣСҲһ⡣
ǻó˸𶧸ҶЩǸĿ¶ٸһˡŤͷҶƽ֣һǴ𣬡ñôС
Ҷƽ֣
˵ɱУҶƽִδ¹˭ɵ˲ֽŶҪƤӵʱЩˡ
ﻹöС𶧣Դȴġ
֮ǰ˵ʱϲյǰԻعӲҶƽֳϰߡ
ϰߵĲˡ
˵ͻദʱ䲻ǽ֦ҶԼçһʲŶԣҪ˵ԻһøûУҲǻѻ
Ҷƽƽľѡ
Щ벻ǿ붬ĺ˵Ķͷȴð˺
գҶƽѡС·ŽҶģһԲվ˻Ӣģĥʲô
ȴһЦҶͬ£ʼ˵
ҶͬԼҸ˵˵Ҳ׽һȥĵǺܿϤ
ҶƽûһԣƺûڵǸʲô״
ʱС˽ǰƼǺһ
ҶŤͷ£
ض̣˵ӣ˵Ҫү
ѰӽҪĲ٣ҶӦ鷿أȥѰǡ
Сһ񣬱Сȥ鷿ﴫ
ӽʱƣü΢
ιԭӵĽ飬ס˿ڣС˳ȥʵңʲôˣ
ӺϣỺӵҹһ𡣡
ιˣȴʲôֵġ
Ӻ˲٣ճҲ֮ǰСģȻ̴δζⵣģɸȥȻӺת˲٣ȥӸҲ¡
뵽ιЦɣ̶ӵϢ֪һҲǺõġ
ȴûеͷ˼ǰǴδɱ֪йӵ鶼ҪСģǷҪȥҪȨһ²źá
ɫƽİӷŵһԣֺι˵ϵ顣
ɫι¸뿪£صԼԺӡ
һţƼҶҡСҡţԴϴŻͷñֽཱུŴĿ˯øⰲȡ
ҶСؽԼҡŵĳݣҵźЦŶ๫ɻˡ
ʵΪӵ׽ǿҶ˲䣬ľҲЦˣ
ˣҲˣԷءҶ˵ţȥȥС˵һǰ
طҶСϣࣺ´ǻȳԱǣĪҪԼ
ҶȴҡҡͷɣҪ㣬ҳԲ¡
˵ԷȻҪԼ·ô
Ǻܿ˾ص룬ʵҶٳδ飬ԼҲǻἱĳԲµġ
ԼͲȥҪԼӲźá
ü˲٣һ¡
ӸС÷ҪһʱǱŵĵϻӣ˿𻨸ݸҶ׼˵㻰תһԼӵע⣺񱦵Ļͷñµģģ
Ҷſ죬ԼιԣȺĹ𻨸⣬ֺ˿ˮŻصǴȥġ
ԭҶƽֹֻΪ˿ҶԵʲôûȵ˱ҶѺʶԼˡ
ͻ𼱻ǵĳţȥ˸ƯĻͷñ
㵱ȥҲҶƽóֻǻȤС˲β⣬û˾ﲻԡ
Щȣˣ
ţҶˣ֣ʣµİ𻨸ߣһڵߣζС˲۾
ϴӱ˵Ҷƽֻ˻ԵҲ֡
ʱϵĲѾںˣСҲ˯Ժ˳ȥ°
ҶǰʵʹһǺˣ
Ҷר־ϸϸĿӼȥȵԣҲû룺Ǹʹǣֵġ˵ĸײأ˼ӣҳߵĸؼҡֽ֣лֽе£ҾûЩ

ҶûػЩĿȥ
ȴѾҶȵŵȳԷʲôǵ¡ҵȻٸ㡣


87 
ҶԵ, ȴЩʳʡ
һܲµӵݲͬѰֻӡ֤ˡ
λлŮ, Ȼƺ£ǲǹǿ˵ײѰ磬صҲֻйλˡ
ôһԣһǻӣһǹ
Ȼ, ֻ¾ǸеĻӡ
ֻѰ, ٻ˼Һ޹ϵֲӽ, ͨʵԼӲ, ǶӦ˭, ˵֪ӻŮ䡣
ӣ֪Ƕ, Ͼķؾ˴Զ, ˶֪
, ͻȻûЩ֡
ҶǸԼв, ƫͷ๫, Ҳԡ
ЦЦһ̾
ЩȻڳԷǰ˵, Ӱʳ
ҶǼ˿ó, ๫ӡ
Դ¶, ԭԲµ, Ҷڴȴǳˡ
ҶԼеͳԣֵ÷ιԼ๫ķӺ⣬յȫգǱԵĶЩ
ҹҶڴϺŸոճ̵˯۾ȴ
Ŀ⣬
Ҷ˿˯˵񱦣СӸϣͷΧϣŶ๫ո˵Ҫҽͻֵġ
С˲ȻԺܺá
˿£ϸϸͬ˵˸ס
ȶ˵꣬Ҷգգ۾ܽһ£Ҳ˵Ӻͻãǻʵģ𣿡
ͷ
ܴ󣿡
ܴ󡣡
ȳة󣿡
󡣡
ŶҶȴûٶ˵ʲôӦһʹ˸ǷЩƺҼˣ´ζȻẰ๫˯ɡ˵žɵ˴ϡ
΢΢һ㶣ȴҲ˴ɵҶߣﲻ𣿡
ҶڵĴչȥԼΪҪ£ûǹҲû£ʲô
һ仰΢㶣Ц
ˣʲôأ˶㲻Ӳġ
ͷҶĶͷţ˵ˡ
Ҷţ컪ҹȥ˵ҴӦġ
죿
ţԼȥʱҲ졣
ǱҪˣΪҶΪԼһҪȥġ
һߣŵĳȴûһǰ˼Ҳ֪߹Ҷɺϰˡ
ֻи黹ǲµöԵģȷʵͬ˵µ˼
๫㵱㿴ϲϣذż
δ΢һҪֻۣڴϾ
ţԴȴи
棬۾ϣЩҪö֪ģ̶֮ԼܲܺŪδ³ɣһԾ˻̣⻹ǺõġҪ˵õģǴ²ɣȻƲ壬±Խš
ʴ˻һɿ˲١
ȻϻʱѾѻ˵ʱʴӦҪؾﻹǵǣʱ⡣
ڳô㣬˵Ƕ˾Ҫȥġ
˼԰ϵĶ΢΢һ٣вĿ๫ֻΪͶԵû뵽㻹Ϊɿǡ
ܰô࣬Լ鲻ɣҪôԼƲϵѾǸˡ
̶ӣͲǵΪΪܸ͢顣ܶɳΣǰҵģǴƣ۳벻ɣ鶼ȥźá
ЦЦָ๫Ƕ²ˣ˼ƣֲ߹׽
ԣǣŸп˴ѰңΪͬ׽ҲΪ˱ȫĸһҡ
΢㶣ʲô
ʲĸǹĸŮӹ˳죬ֻΪĸǵ󽫾սպգӹȵǼλֵܶ£˳в˭ȥΧ˶Ҫ˴֮żȮ죬ұûкӹ
˻һϾ˴ǡ
ֺγ֪أ
ʵةϣλҲΪ˱ȫһٹ⡣
˴˼ܳҲΪ˸ӣֻ»Źҵϣġ
ﶼѾǹٴһƷ޿㣬ıǱԨ
ǵԳʶаһ
ЦЩο๫ϻۣ¶ͨ͸
Լ๫ȻǸģ෴׵úܣȻҲ΢һ˵͸˻˼ʲôá
ֻ֣ˣҪһ˻ӮĿܣǲǱɡ֮ǰܿɺӻһΣһȴһôøˡ
˵ֻţǵԹǧظöáȴûָͣ
ز⶯ģô˯̹
Ϻܾģ֮ǰѧַ¶㲻ˣÿԼ԰Ħ
ʱͷ˯ѵʱи¶๫߹ƫҶϽ
˴˸ǷҲٷѾԼˣϰ뱧ڻƵ˵£СͰԵ޷ˣѵҵĵġƽûعζԺ֪⣬ǻҪء󣬳ʻЦǸСҲн졣
СĵĿ˴죺ô๫ԽԽϻۣҵԽԽˡ
ǰ飬ȴ벻ס
ɲȳ˵ֿڵԼ̫ǹ๫ˣһ㣬Եľʲô벻ˡ
黰ôͻ
ҵоĳû˸ո˳ᢵģһͷͶԼЦ
ޣҲǣţԼһĴϻ۰
һҹ޻ڶһ磬ҵ׼ǰӵĸۡ
С˲˵ȥĿʲôӻλģܼǵõıӺԼ˶ϵ
ּ˸ϵԽԽ
һι׺ĹֻҪҲȴס
ʱҶʯѿקһƬҶӣϸ˼£˼ֱӳҶе֣ϰѴŵĺ춹ͷĶɳڳҶ˺öɳŴ˸ӡ
˻ϳһȥƼӣ΢΢һ㶣ʲôأ
ҶͷҲ̧ר־ĴϵӣȻôҪҪЩòǣܰġ
Щ棺ʲô
ӺõĶҶӣŽӣŶЦģۼԺǣһЩûʲôǰʹҲԹģЧȻ๫ˡ
ҲʣҶȫȻΣԺҩĻв٣ӵҲ֣ȻԹǼʹҲ޺ģֱӹ˽ŽС
û֣Ҷֱߵĺ춹ͷǿյģҲûᷢˣС˲ûþͰһӺ춹Խ˶ӣϴ飬ǵչȥ
ҶҲ̹ȻĲ˻ȥ
ȷֿʱԼﶼǺ춹ζ
ɵӣⶼ£ܸú˲ǡ
ԼĪʱϼҩǰͷͣ¡
ΪݣŽϵſҩ̣ǾסںͷԺ˺Ҳס
ſڵŵıҶƽֺͻߵŮ
ҶֱӸŮȥ˻˳ͬҶƽһȥѰʡ
ϣἰǶõݣֻǴŹеʵӿɴˣҼҵҽҸƣĪҪ˲ǡ
ҶƽҶ׽Դ̬ҲЩԻص£ҵѾȬ÷õġ
ǱˣҲǼǹţ컹Ҫʣֻǰйھûж˵
˺ܺã뽿ദҲãµġ
õģ£û
Ȼ嵭ȴףԼǲµ߰˰ˣдˡ
ȵǰҶƽƿź˲̧ȥ
ȻڴϣӻŲס´ûţֻһչˡ
ƼЦЦָָһԵİŵΣϲ㣬ɹɡ
ʱûеݵ˼Ҳȥ죬΢΢ֺϡ
ǺҶƽһվһԣһ˶ţһ˶Ŵ
ﵹǶЩͬ׽ȻɫЩ԰ףȴЦŵ˿ɺˣ
ûбʵŵ෴Ȼһ嵭ֻЩпЩˣֻû뵽ˣúúϢǡ˵ţŵԵİϣһЩļ࣬嵭ֱһЩ
ͷͷɼǹҡ
ó˽һöɫҩ衣
Щ棺Ǻ
ɫЩҼҴģ棬Ӳԡ
ڵĶһ㲻ֱӳȥֻ
Ķ˵ֻǶǸɫƣ۽Ƕ˶
һᵽҶӣ뵽һүģ
ӣĪİɣ


88 
Ҷʱ, Сڷֽ𰡣
ˬʱ֮ǰȻ, ࣬Ƿ֮͸ˬ΢ϰϰƵˣĺʱ
һ, ȻƼĻȹ, Ҳ侫µġ
Цקߣŵø˵˶Ц, ࡣ
ƼҶʱ, ύߵŮ, ӭҶ߹ȥˣ·Ͽࣿ˵, ȥ˺á
ҶСؽȥ, Ķ, Ҳû˵, ߱ߵ, ͬ๫һģ·϶չҡ
Ҳ֪ԼҸ, ֻǵҶųӳͻҪ, ɵЦ๫, ˵, 㻭ü
ţԼáҶ⻰˵ĺʵ
Ǹճ˲ã鶼ҪһѧһֻС˲αϾܰе鶼ľƾ
˵ȷʵǹھƿɲˡ
Ѱ黹ã˾ϸĵطд֣续üС˲ʵû취
ֱڣҶֻԲһţüҲǲԳơ
ڣѾһƯԶɽü˲ĵãܸҶѡױݽиĽ
˵ǰɰѻüһھС
ÿλüܳûӶ࿴ҶˣܴչȥһףɲǺ¶ô
⻰ڻȴԲһĹ뷿֮֡
޻üǻǰûҲûģʹĸں󹬣Ҳ
ɵţδķܸһһͺˡ
һ죬ȻЦݲҶȥҵʱƼͶõ˫ͭϲҽҲ׼һ
ҶͶģĲá
С˲ŵѧϰʲôˣ˻ĻҶӦ
ܿ˰ںͭ
ͶϷʱ֣լŮģһҲеġ
ĸ佫ңСһͶ׼ͷߣ龩޵֣йŮв
ǽĻȴСĿҶҶͶˣҲͶҶͶУͶС
ֻҶҶƽֵãҪʶЩӮֻ¹ϵûԶˣ
С˲˼洿ȴҲƵóԼ㣬ϷҪźãҲģͶҲøˡ
ԣҲͷſˣٷУȥһöͭǮ˩żںϣҲֱӵͭǮ۶ͷȥҶֱ֡
û׷ģҲ˵⣺˵ͶҴС棬׼ȶǼõģûˡ
ҶӾţؼ˶ϸ˲٣ֻͶ˲ʮ֧ͳ˺
ӲǣҶԺ棺㶼׼ˣ˭Ӯ㣿
ЦݱȸոոЩ簡ͶûУǲǰٲٷУúܡ
Ҷû⣬ֻǸ˱˵Ҷƽֵĺá
ҶС˲ǺˣԼãҶҲֵ˶˵ĺãȻǺõģ֮ǰȹ๫أ˵ɽµǴֱӰ
գգ۾£Ҷ˵˵
ǣһҪˣһǳĿ׸磬˾ȻֵϽһʱԽԽ硣
˴Ÿȥʱ򣬿ľڸҶ
Ѱ⻨䶼ԼģҲвٵ̻׽˲Żġ
ԸˬЩСŮĶǽҶһöʽĻԽԽÿҳ˻䣬ҶԼ
ϹʱҶãĻü䣬ž󿴿ҿ¶ЦƯ
˹ɫȻôÿġ˰ѵİںãЦ
Իͷȥ˷ֱרſҶ
ʵ֮ǰɱ֮żİΣ˲ʱҶǿ˵ģ룬ҶǵݣҲܲµóǲѰˡ
ƫƫС˲Ҳǳˣ˻µͳͳ£Ҳڵúܡ
ºҶּ˿鲻ʶĵķŵ
ģճճģкŨ
ҶɵÿϣЦŵҬŴ٣ǰӵһҬ˿ʣԡ
С˲κԼͣóԣ˵ţҲϼһ
ϼԼһ޶һЦҲƴǣһİŴٳˡ
ȴǲϲʳģŻʡ
ʱҶƽ˹ûţⱧȭˣȥҶᣬ÷˵껰ˣͷ㣬ȥˡ
ҶͷӦ£ȻϵĶ࣬Ҷԥľ˿ӡ
شû๫
˻Ҷƽֱ׼뿪ѰͲᵽԺ
Ҷƽֵ۾ڿʱȴͻȻס
ǱֵģӲֱϣԴԵŮҲ΢΢ͷȥ
ҶϽ˵Ů˻絶ÿǸʱ䣬ȥ
ǻüĻʺ죬ȴҶƽЩŲ۾
һʱҶƽҲףΪʲôѾϰ˵üۣͻȻͱʻ
Ҳ֪ΪƯǻЦݲãȻ˵ˡ
ҶЩĿǣڴǣζЦ
ǷӦ죬վСŹȥȴѰѰ˵ֱӵסҶƽֵȥ·ûع͵ܣ̽ͷϵȥҿɺã
ӣȻͷҶϽ鷳㿴һЩۣҪСĲǡ
ҶƽӦ£ͱקˣüЩΣȴҲЩЦ⡣
ҶҲ׼ǣȥǸһͱס֣ҵȵȡ
С˲βɵÿգգ۾ôˣ
֪ϲģЩ˸׼ģװ߰ɡ˵ţ̧̧֣һԵŮǰѸոհںõĵ·ŻʳС
ǲûͣ˳ȥ
ɢϲŴӻó׼õӰţҶϣġ
ƺÿμҪԼ
Ҷûƴǣ˹ӾͿһΡ
ϷЦŵ֧ҶĳŵҶγ۾ϵԽỺ๫жҼպһ岻ֻҪ֧Σ£ϼҶġ
Ҷ˿ǸΣֿΪԼΪ๫û㱨ʲô
С˲˵Ǿ֮Ƕ֮¡
йѭӦǴӴ˶
˳ʣֻΪ˹ȫԼͼˣδʩҲͲϱ
ȴЦŵ㲻رǽ㴿ƣҺ๫ĶұȻҪر˲ܰĵġ
ǣȫҶ˳ʵĴ²ȥһٹһ
ҶȴԼƬʯѿݵҶӣҲǷ
ɫ࣬ԭݵҲӯЩЧģԼҲݸл
С˲ΰѽιãŽУˡ
ϴЦʳиϣҶš
ҶСصվſڣԶȥתȥ˳ʵķ䡣
һţƼһöɫתתȥ
Ǻ߹ȥϣָż
￿˿Цŵģ˵ǶӺá
̧ͷ٣ͷ֪Ѿ޶ġ
ҶϻҪЩҲҩ̣ҶԺЩҩĻҲ۵ü̲ҩҲ֡
ڳʵļȴûмóʳӣǻ鶼˵ˣ
˵ˡϵЦɣЩ⣬˵ǶүƺŵˣǷ絭ģƼȵҲǲס
ϵֶ˶٣Ц棿Ī˼װİɡ
һƶᣬ̹ϵģҿó
϶̫˽⣬֪иǰ㴿涯˵ӣҲǸһõ׵˲ǣҲ͸ŵͷҲԣǷ򸾶Ǽõġ
һվŵԥһ£û˵ҶӸԼүι¶
ϾҶϽôһˣҵ˿϶ҲûʲôƵģ֮ǰԼ˲Ŷԡ
⻰Ҳ˳ģתתǸӣ̧
ȥһζҩӵأһӶɳζͦģƺе㡣
Щȣһͬ顣
үԶˣζô
ϣ˶ɳӵҶǿĵĶ˳һϸԼװϵĵģԵÿġ
ҧ˿ڣò𲻵ãֵݸ๫Ҳԡ
ҧ㣬²֪Ҳֵ֪Ѱ˼ġ
ɵ뵽˸ոճʶԼ˵Ļ
ǸͲƵģ˵˸ɾ¶˴룬ȴ˾״үһѣ⡣
Ҳֵúһ£Ϊʸ˲١
̶ӣңԼʶ뵽ˣ׵ĸԺôƲ塣
Щ㹻м
ֻЩóҶ˵ԼҽǸĴĹʵ˵Ҳһϣġ
ԼѾ̫̫࣬ҪΪڷźá
ҳʵɴܣұûдϵʲô֪ڣԼԼӾˡ
뵽ЦԵĶС£ֻһҪ˵һźá
ҶŰģԣ˹գˮȥ
ˣҶʵ£
·źˮ£ס˵񱦴ˣ񱦵־ȡˡ
Ҷͷʲô֣
ҲµҶ֪ѰũҲȡֵģֻδȻҪ飬ٲҲҪּ̳мҵǶȻҪȡġ
֣ȡ־ɳȡԸ
ҶˣҶͷ๫ˡ
ͷĶף
ڸԼһ䣬ֻ䵽ܲʵ˭֪
³ɣǾ֮ؾʦܱȡٹ⡣
ɣֻ񱦳ʱѾ¶Ȼˡ
δΣ봧⣬ҲⲻֻЩп
ԼǸֶӣҪı֣˭뵽СӲдͷء


89 
ϼҩ̻, һ˾ǰ˷ء
ֻȥǴĵģ֮ǰС΢
˻ʵּ, ̫ڳʵķصټϳҲ˻ʵ۵˰ԱºҲû˰취
вٹҲڷֹϻϸӻǳڹ飬Ϊڵġ
һʱ䣬ʵ˷˼
ھ, ȴþĸҹ˸ˡ
Ҳ, ڼȻȴ֮ǰĹ飬һ, ǾҡһЩ, ܱԼ
ǵ͵, Ҳû֪ǲҡ
ʴҡڵȥ˷, Ҳ, ҶƽΪȻҲҪȥġ
ȵ˵ط, ԼСֻ֮
ÿλ, ҶԼд, Ҵ綼ʲô, Բֶܿÿ, ˵ģ², ҶҲԼָдš
ȥĺܿ, ûãҪ˹ʱˡ
Ƚȥ꣬ӹԽˡ
ѵׯźľϵϣȲϵĺ𣬵Ҳʮ⣬˸ｻһ⣬ʣ˲Ǯ·Ǵŷġ
Բ˵Ȼ̶˲Ǯǿ˵ϻ̵Ľͬˮһ㣬ҩҲڽشȥ
ټϳ뿪󣬳ϼҩҲ˲ϣͼɾôϢĻ˸Ҷ棬ôӿ˳ǡ
ӶһպùһգֻѧԺ࣬۳ҪԺ궼Լô²ܻġ
ĽֲҴߣֻзӡ
ϦԽԽϱֻܰ첻ˣҪ޼飬⾰ˣǹųҲҪһΪ棬ҲǸµĵ軧ƵģӺùǲŻù
ϺҶҲæȥϵԺæޣҪصԼԺٳ֣ŵصҲǹеա
ҶˣСػ˸ţһţҶˣѶ£СȥЪźãϻҪȥĿء
СӦһŵϣС뿪ˣ߻ϸعŲúȥ
ҶȥԱ߱ϷŵϸϸĽŷϣһ˿һĺ
񱦵ҡᵽֱߣһ߿˲һҡΣҶϸСģɵЦﲻϸѾ񵱳ֽӣġ
˭֪ҶǱһƵģһͷ۾ɵԲԲģ๫ôô
Ҳһ˶񣬰ѱʷŵ磬˶Ҫȥҵææ߶߶ģҲ֣Ҳģˡ
ҶԵͷָҲԣæ๫ЩҲãһΪչء
һȥˡͻȻס۾ʶĿҡСӡ
ţոԼҽϸϸŷº磬ΪңΪ
ǰֻҵġ
ͻȻĪĴ⣬΢΢۾񱦡
ཱུСԼҵ˸õЦЦŪҲû
Ҷǹȥҡﱧ񱦷ڻģ۾Щͬ๫Ǻ˲٣ҲҪСĲǣ˵Ҫţʲô綼ܲã¯ҪãҪ֪ˣ
ǣͷ֪
ʵкܶ࣬ӵƹΪֺûͶмÿá
ٺõҲȲϽԼ⣬ǼɫǸⱦȻֵġ
ҶǱź˺񱦾Ͱ·Žҡ
Ҳ֣ЦǺǵİҡŵ
ӲѰ֣úɫļëģᣬʵҲ׵ë
ëȻСṩģֻҲˣëβͺ˾ͳȡ֮֮ƵģëɫãëϴɾŪ˰񱦡
ֶ̣ʹҲֻ΢һ£ץץֻҪƼƵľ֣ЦǺǵģԼԼϰ졣
ҶԼĸˣЦСͷϴŵĻͷñоͷñأɵõñҪСˣ֮ǰʱǰŴһȦġ
ԣҲȥԼҶӵŶСӣÿҲеġ
ҶŶһ̾ǺСﲻһӳԴҲ
ȴһ̾
˶˵ͷԼҺԴȷʵǱ˴Щ
ﵱ뺰ͷҲǺ˵ġ
ҺûУȻԽԽôˡ
Ҷ֪ʲô񱦵ȥǰ˰
ͷǼѡ
ԭҪʽſˣƼҶҪȥԣ˱ʣƵվ˫ֱ񱦵ҡҡ
Ҷǽɵõˣ
Ƚ񱦵ӷŵϣʡҡҡΣŶҶ£ˡ
ҶҲȥ棬һ滻·һЩǰ÷ģֻˣǻõ²ˣ˼ԣдС˵ȥ
ָݸץ۾ǿ磬ȥһƵģҲãʡĶһˡ
Ļû˵ȥֻϱҶȥĨشػơ
λΣһλΣεΡ
ҶǺڵĽŵոմֵţ˵Ƕү׼ݺҲ»˹ٷ˲£ҲˣиʲôԣУξġ
࣬ȻƾӦԣٳϵĹλǶܼ
УξǸƷĲ£˵ֻϽƷȴǸʵڲ£ֵܹˣ̣ѰռˣҲҪƺһġ
Ȼڶ£ԺͺͶйأʵȨܱûǿ
ǲҶƽ˵ʲôҶһ
ֱӣҪȥǸˡ
һʵôˣ
СˡɺͷƲ
۾Ծ߿ʵҪҰæ
Ҫģ๫
ƫͷ˿Ѿ˯ȥ񱦣һվߵͷ
̿յȣֻһ¶ġ
Ҷֻȹȴ˵ģ󹻡
̽Ĵе๫ҽ
һͷľӨ׵ı۰򣬲һɫϸĹ
һۣ˶⡣
ƽ˴ӣ΢˽
ǣЩ
Ŷأ
Щˣɻǽ˵ţҶŤͷƣǲǹˣ
ǣˣôֱӿ̵ĨغһƬѩףЩܲˡ
æ֣ŬԼ۾۽ҶϣЩƣţȷʵǽ˵
ҶԱͷǺãȥˡ
ϧѾ˵ʲôˣֻǿ죬أ磬ǲ
ҶҲȥֱŤӱ⿪ϸԼɿЩŵﻹ˵ү˼٣ۼҹ꣬˳ȥԺҲϡ
͵͵Ӧһ
ҶҪȥѣŵ๫ʱͲȥˣ綨ܻġ๫
û˵꣬ͱӱ£ס
Ů֫ϸȺģڻͷԼ°ͷŮ˵ľѣǵȻ˵ʱ磬Ե¶ɺã
Ҷգգ۾ƫͷоˣ
š
أ
˯أС㣬ᳳġ
Ҷ룬ȴûֱӦ££ѣƿ硣
ͻȻԼƿһʱû
һ̣Ҷ֣ץҲ˳
һʱЩãȻôҶ˳ͱԼһѡ
±µĽŵһֱ˴ϣƼҶļһʱֱƽûӦʱҶѾſϡ
ոջʧ䱻ӾܾһʱЩӦЩİͣ
Ⱥ꣬ͼҶ죬ˮ۾˵˲ôҵġ
ʵղšʲôأ
ҶͷϷŵҡѹƲ񱦣Ҳġ
ڲĸ£ǷоˣҶȻҪƵüĵط
ʵΪʲôҪԼ
Ǻܿ죬벻ˡ
˸£Լӣɿķ٣ҶӦң񱦣Ȼ˯Ҫֵġ
гͬģ㲻ҾͲҶ볳񱦡
ֹ˻
๫ƭˣ˵ġ
Ǵʵ΢һͳû취
һ˾͹㡣
ãңҡ
㶯ŵ㡣
á
ڶ죬ȥ¼ӹ̴ܵûκ˵ע⡣
ֹ˼գ㵽Ҷƽ˵Ҫӡ


90 
һ, ͺһȥǰԺǽǰ͡
Ѱ˵׵ĺ, ѰǵģǮ֮ึһǮ
⾰ˣׯӻӶãֵµĹƹҲͣΪңѺͼӺ, ЩֵҲܹꡣ
ŽͶ, ÿƹ϶ϲġ
վΪ׬ǮԷƽʱ֮Ϊµׯ׬Ǯʱǳ, ǮʱõԼǷݶġ
˷յ, ζϲ¶, ټϵ£˭ϲЩ, ƽʱϲ˳ܰǼλ, ҲǺͺ, ˵Щ黰
һʱ, Ǻֵĺܡ
ںԺ, ҶһСرѣԼ, һȥϵԺӡ
÷Ѿ, ϼǽű̧кҶ, ò÷Ӹ, ܸĵҲܸĶЩǰץġ
÷æӦһϴЦ˳
ˣôӰӵȻǲġ
ҲˣǸ˼ңʮ˴ûбǸǮģټɵĿҪͽᶼͽ᲻ƽʱǮ͹ǳԷġ
÷Ӽҵųҵ⣬еͷҲԼҲѡ
˵ҪӽЩ÷°ﶼŲҲҪȰҵõġ
Ҷ߹ȥë׵磬վľͷϣ΢΢̧ͷò÷ʵɩɩˣ
Цתתϵķ鴮ӣˣǵûЩ
ȥ귽ԼԼһβ·ӣ۵ĲУԺμŲ÷ŵʱա
ԵĻãϲռˣĿţ·ǮǴûϱǶ˱ˣȻǼǵ
Ժÿβ÷ϾŵζƵģܼææĸϹٴˡ
תתӣղʯͷһģˣ߲ãھͲˡ
Ҷת˸ֱֱۿŲ÷ųӱȻ񱦵ѹˣһӲء
ǶյЦãСӾӭ糤ģһһģǴСյƤϸܲС·ǴôпİȻҪúõĲС
Ҷͷ⻰£۾Ų÷ӡ
÷˳ӣĬҶĳߴ磬Цˣ̣µģǳÿЩ˺ӵѣߴ΢֪ˡ
ӻţԼҧָͷ
ԣӰ񱦸һ¡
ӹȥѺӵݸ÷ӣȴ뿪˫΢£Ѻӿˡ
÷Ǻȵ£㽻ӣȻЦţҼˣѹձ
ϵͷºͣһˣЩǮš󣬱˵˸ɰȥ
÷СЦ˻˵˼伪黰뿪
ҶǱԼ񱦣ǰϵһɳԡ
񱦿Լ׳ԶǸ̵ֻܳޣȴԼָͷÿСͣƺҲҪԡ
Ҷͷ˿ЦЦҶ΢΢С£ԼﲻѸٵİϵɳⶼŽԼ
֣
Ҷ±񱦣ţԶϽ͵ϲҺ๫Զǳ˲ԣͲ⡣
ӵ̣СүĸѾԳЩƺͲˡ
ҶҲ֪ͷȥɳ⣬ڸأ⺢ӾϲŵĿҪԣԾͲˡƼҶһ£ſڻߣҶûɳ
һǳɣˮһƾ֪Ѿʮˡ
ţܾﲻԣ˵ֻȥˡ
ʱиССŹˣ̣ͷҪҶ̡
Ҷƽ˵ҪӣҶΪҶƽ֡
ȴ˾䣺˵ԼǺô
С˵û˵ţϴζүӳȥӦǸˡ
˻һ
ӳȥԸģҲֻҶһˡ
Ͼʹַӵ˲࣬ϾϻҪ˶ЩҶ̫̫١
Ȼ֪ҶѾ˹ϵǹҲҶ飬Լò֣Ȼƽ׵ҶӣյЦŵͷӦҶɡ¶죬ˡ
֮ô˵ΪȫҶ档
ǶҶ˵֪ǲ֪ġ
ϴ֮˺ֶΰҶɷ򸾸ߣǲǾŵҶʱȻ¸Լӣʡ
Ҷɣ㲻֪ϴεľףҶҲûаøУټҶƽֺ˼ң˹ϵǱİˡ
С˲ûѰ˵Ĺ˼Ҳֱֱȥġ
޷ǾǺڰֱúܡ
ϵĻҶԥûУֱӵҪҲҺѾû˹ϵ๫ǷǮģǮȥ๫ǣǣ㲻ù
С˼ϲ˵֪ĬˣӦһȥǰ洫
ǶҶԵͷҶҲůЩ
˽ҶΪ̬Ҷٹܼҵ飬ҶõĺãοС
ԼһֻǶ䣬˻ʢȻǸ˵ġ
ҶģΪ뵽Ҷɵѹ
˲յЦŻ˻֮ǰ˼ů䣬÷ҲˣɣҲѡһ
Ҷûů̧֣ۿȥƼһԵŲһë׵ӡ
Ҷùģִȥø¯ů
ȻҶη֪Լ๫ڻǲܴ磬ԽůԽá
뵽߹ȥרĵһ׼Ҹů͵ġ
Ҵ⣬ҶЩʧ뿪ˡ
ҶɩһԴϴδһȥҶɩͺٳţƽʱֻܽҶҶ飬ԵľȻʲôˡ
ҶɩԺͰǮ߬ǳִҲһͭ塣
ƫƫҶǸĲ䲻͵ģǰҶɣҶɩȥʲôɡ
Щմ˾ͽ䲻ıһ
ҶɴӼòǮһҶɩҪץû˰취ŹҶ
涼û˼Ҹˡ
Ҷɳ̾һѹ粻ҪԼһСòˣһҶɩ
ô̾ҶҲؼң˸ȥ˳ϵĶķˣȥĶķǲˡ
һǣƼǰΧһȺˣס˽֡
ҶЩ棬չȥʣϸ磬ǰͷôˣ
£Ǹ˽жˣǳƤ¶ɣδǸ˱ˡ
Աиֵͬ˵زһǸǸǮǲͬ˽˽ᣬҪץŶ˼ء
٣С¶αؼء
˭֪ӲδҪȥ鷳ţϾǱˣǸ࣬Ҫıϣƭţ⼸λҪ԰ӵġ
Ҷţʡ
ֵ˲٣ǰصĿ̶Ǻƣµ˵ˣƤ˶Ǯ֣뱻ϡ
һԲϾҪٵĵټ
ҶЩ棬ͼȥҪƣһսƼǰǸˡ
ǣź£һ˫Ŀ񣬹ǸӾͱȱ˸һͷ
Ҷȴʶһ
Ҷƽ֣ոջ߶Ĵ硣
ղҶɱҾ֮ʱҶƽ֣ǰһһĺã˵ĺҲǴ绹ڣԼȻˡ
ļˣҶȴǣҶƽǵ飬ǵƤ鷳ˡ
ҪǱ˷ԼйϵԺԼҲҪƽ޹ʵıǣϡ
ȥ
ҶƽǲռҶɲŲء
ǵõģҶƽֻһҩ̵ĻԺʲôҩ̶νҲǸӡ
ͷԺҲǸȻûʲôǰҲûʲôɽ
һԺҶɾҶƽҲûʲô´Ӯ˾ġ
Ҷ뵽ŤͷҪȺټȥôľ뱻ҶƽƼ
ɾʱ򣬴˸ÿÿЩةˣ
İУûģƷةѾǺܴĹˣȻҪپ͹򣬲Χ۵˶ԵٵĻǸоη֮ģԣԶԷóһ·ةĽӽ
ôһãּЩҶɸûֻʱվԭأֵº֡
ةȽȱ㼱ӣӽƿҪԼĲۡ
ةͲС̫ñӶЩ⡣
Լñӣ˲ϵĺˮةǰҶƽʩһ֪˼ݵ¹ʧԶӭ˺
ˣ˭Ǵˣ
վԶҶվĽһ
һ㶣˳ة߿ȥ
ƼҶƽƽةҶԭء
ôʹˡ
˵õҩ̻Ժأ


91 
ҶƽֲûҪá
ѾҪ֮ǰС΢, ҳ˵ף񷴵ԽҡԽá
ֻҡ, ûϼʱʱһ䣬ͱʲôĹá
ݣϺͻ棬̫ҲʱڳʵķҶƽֱӱγУξ
ٽƷ, ˵Ҷƽֵǳ, ôģгʵľټ, лľ˸ｫĿ, һУξֻҪһԵʡ
Ȼ, ֱεƷƷҲڻ¡
ҶƽֳţҪȥҺԼСһ, ˳ʵĶ, ؼҡ
Ҷƽֻ˱, ȥ, ִߡ
, 廹δȫɣҲ, Ҷƽר˸, Լ, ȵ˳Ŵ, ǣС
ʱ磬ҵط緹ٸ·˭֪ô¶
֪ͷʲôҲУֻ΢ÿӶҶ磬ôˣ
ҶƽȻǿóԼǱˣֻС£˵ŵһֱûةˣô¶ȻƽϢ߹ȥûʲôѾй˹ˣһȡ
˵꣬Ҷƽ־Ͱ·ںˣתߵةǰ
ةһֱǸƷС٣ǰλȥѰԼʱ򣬳ʾƣ
˰һǸƷУξ
˵ٸһѹˣ˸˲֪ټүɽĴˣةֻú󱳷ͷðϻҪŬЦˣ¹ˣ˺
Ҷƽ΢һͷҲ;˴ͷةˣֻ׮黹Ҫôòźá
ةЦ˿ˣⱾ÷֮£̸ͷء
Ҷƽֵͷڶ˵վһԡ
ڵϵĶѾɵȫû˸ոյǹƤ
̣Ѿһıˡ
֮ʱҪģ鲻ãĿز죬˴δЩЧ
ֻǹʼʩЩףװ˶ǮҲǹ֮ǰԼŪǮ
˭뵽Ȼ˸ܱة˵
˾ֲˣ˼ҵٵĳţΣúܣ޲ܴʮ˲Եء
λ˵ģǸߴӢ䣬ôҲǵٵİ
֪ģΪǸСүأ
֪ԼӲӣò׻ܡ
ֻΧֵİΧסˣûޣֻȺＷȥ
ǳİƽʱ˵ֻΪ˲ҪƤʲô¶ĳƷ࣬մȾ
ŶҪùˣ˭ﶼҪԸһ¡
˴ĥȻǼϲ¡
ҪܣΧûһҪøطģܵ˾վĽһ϶ûУסˡ
ةҲҪܣҶƽֽͱӰ쵽ԼȻҪҶƽǰãƼҪܣة̴һȥǸ˸ץס
ǣ߰˸һӵϣֱӸ˵ϣ
Ҷƽ֪ة˼ȴɫֻ߽˶ˣͷ˿
˸ոǱڵϵģﶼʯ·Ӳúܣʹ˴˵촽ϣʱðѪҵúܡ
ҶƽֿɲôֻСȣովܵĺܣȽģո˵ǵײȣҲǼٵˡ
⻰˵Ƶģ׵¶ƫƫҶƽ־Ҫó˵һ˵ةɵһλ˳סתһ룬ҶƽʰŵȻҪôҶƽָˡ
ⲻ֪Ҷƽֻǳһ仰
Ҷ˵˹٣֮ǰũ򵥣ȥսɱУ˵ɱ˲գۿû̫о֮£Ȼû̫Ƥֻö׸ոյǷֱˡ
ҪģҪ˵ʲôȴΪѪţʵ˵
Ҷƽֱةةˣȥŵ¶ˡ
ةЦŹ˹֣תŶ˵ʱüͷȵٸղ·ϱ˵ˣǸƤ۸Ŀ̰ղ֮ǰֻǴ˹ڽƻűνѣ۾Ҷƽ֣ûб仯ةŽŵȻڱץУ˰Ҵ򣡡
۴ʵˣô򣿡
ѰŴҲмɵģһٹӴӾͱеĳ߶ѧʡ
ةһ˵ȱô
һȻѶȥˡ
һԵİնȥ˰ǴûУС񲻶ϣɾ˶ģܶ˶ӹֻŪ¶ţúܣѰҲû취ƽϡ
ܼԵͷȻǸ˳
ƤҶƽ˵ǸСû¶
Ŷ˱ҶƽֱةةˣȻѾҲͲʱˡ
ةæǰ˴˴ǰҺϸø˽ӷǣƲվ¹Ȼ׼þƲˣ˳Թߡ
ҶƽһҪԼСãˣϻүеļ£ܵ飬ֻ²ܽة⡣
ʣة̲Ҷ˵ʲôæ²£¹ٲ˵ˣߡ
Ҷƽֱ΢΢֣ǣ׼뿪
Щ棬ղֻţҲ˼ʶҶƽ֣Ҷ磬м£ʲôү
ҶƽĬĬĿһۣţүļ¿ɲλ͵ܻؼô
ǳûǰ¶ݣҶƽҲƣֻܹĵܣɶԵġ
Բһگ׷ɱҹŮ鳤֮ĴϷսͲٶʡ
߳ȺʱҶڻع
ոջƲϵҶƽ־Ƕ˽߶Ƶġ
ҶʵǲףΪʲô緢ȴԼ
ϴλԼϾϵ
ˣȻˣźԼϾּҵġ
Ҷһʱ䲻֪ǼҲ˲٣ƿΧ۵İգ׷Ҷƽֵĳ棬һһߺ磬磡Ƕɰȵȣ
ɲ׷ϣͱ˸ڵء
ةղŽģòɿ˵ƼҪ׷Уξ˵ĳ
⻹ˣ
׷ˣУξ˼ԼһƵòҪϻ磬ɲܳ
ǣة˵ֻһ񣬾в۹ȥҶɸסˡ
ϷŻ׷ŵٵĳλû˹ܵϷ룬ѰֻҪˣõ˼Ҷ˸ˡ
ة֣ȥϡة߹ȥĿҶɣĶķ躺Զ㣬ñù
Ҷɸոյļôһץһ¾͸ûˣԭ˹Ա׾ĻϲҲŪɢˣæͷ²۵ĹӴԼϡ
ϾǱ߻иĶˣɲҲſ¡
ةʶȤֻ˸ӱˡ
Ҷƽ֪飬ųѾϳȥ˼ӣЩģô˵˳ǡ
·ǹƼȻ˸ϵġ
ңҲ׵ǻ
תֱƽʱ˲٣ȻＱУûоҶһȣҶȻȥЪţǻȥǰԷ
Ҷ㱧ԼֶӻԺӣһȥƼԼԺﲻߵʯͷ
СʯͷȹҲˣ˵䣬Ҳ죬ֻȻֶնյģʹһӣޡ
ҶʱʯͷһſһקչԼӣί죺ҵܵ棬ȵܵܣҲߡ
ίúܣҶ˱ӿ˲ӣߵǰŵʯͷͷ䣬ȥ˵
ʯͷ۾˲١
ȻСҶҲΪӲͬ棬СʯͷܼǵÿĶԼãġ
ҶﻹеܵڣܵȻ˵Ҳ·ģǼܲסúð
ְ֣۾󣬱Ȳϻˡ
ʯͷɿſվֱӣЦǺǵĺܵܣ
Ҷͷ׼ݡ
ǻûȥʱȴ洫ˡ
ҶŷһֱǿŵģС˲ż
ģŴţ๫Ҫˣ
Ҳ˲˵ʲôֻܽȥƼ£ǰЦЦµģҴö࣬Ҳû硣
ҲܿŵġҶ񱦷ŵСϣԼ׼ȥţСǸ׼ӡ
ǿ˿ʯͷֿ˿񱦣Ұѡ־ûˣʱ磬ɺã
Ҷһ㶣ʯͷ˽ԭأӲǿʯͷˡ
ǺԼĵҲˣãҸȥ͵ʱиӹ˵Ӻ̥ʱ͸־һֱڣӳȻܻ顣
ʯͷˡ
ԭܵҲҪѧ־ԼңֻҶʱܾܵȻҪڣ
ڣأ
ǣոջŲҶʯͷ̱չԼӣҪȥ
ӱˣҶŹţںŷ죬ȥȼ̿¯˿
ӽ£ɲ˵ͿҶѾ߹£Լġ
С˲θо˵ָ΢䣬ɵյĽ˵Ժˡ
̵ͷˡ˶٣֮ǰǷһ
ҶЩ⣺ʲô
ָָԼգҶȴָ˴֣СأȻӱ㡣ŵղ˵Ҫ־𣿡
ϣԱһֻ֣£סҶſԼӵСֻҶе᣺żˣ
ҶӦһЩʵӻŵʱĹ֪ʱ͸ˡ
һ˵еĹãеĲãҪѧʲô񱦻ǵȳЩԼĺá
һҪ𣿡

Ҷգգۣ๫˼ӦСʱһȻԼ๫Ϊǰ㶽
ôס
ȻС˲λǸ㲻ƾƣ˶˵ĺܣС˲ξ;Լ๫Ҳġ
ȴ֪ĺҶǷġ
СʱƤǸֻں˼ǵðˡ
Сغ˯ڣҲֻǵ˵˵ʱʱָ⣬䣬㵽ֹ
ֻ򵥵ĻȴҳЩرҶҧ˶һº󣬿죬С˲αøʡ
˯ˣСسȥҶббӣ
С˲̧֣££ߵķ˿۾Ƽ˱һԵġ־ɵС๫Ҫʯͷ˵Ҫô죿
̧ͷһºЦ⣺İɣǺʱ䶼ˡ
ҶЩ֣ҪΪʲôȴ£ָ
ɵ˵ͷĶͷˣո˵ӱҵĻɻ
Ҷգգ۾סĲȻġ
ɾʱ洫ӵү̣Ҷүүˣǰء


92 
ؼʱ, ϢģԼ֪⣬ûоˡ
ѾǵǸûʶСˣΰټһ㶼ûڣδζǴϯ, Χ֪ҵλ콵ǡ
Ҫϳ, ҪǰΧۣȻҪīԵʲôȥָҲԼҺմմ
رǵ˹ʱ˭ָ, ǿǸƵ, ׽ġ
ʵ˼ǰ³, ȥͷһ¾ǵԺ밲
ҶҲ, ȥ
Ҷƽǿ, ȥǰȲ
֮ǰҶƽ־ңֻǴֱȥҵҶ, һǰ, ʱĴæ߻˸Сβ, Ҷƽδϸ, , ֻܾףС˹أȻǺŴ󻧣ҲǼҹϽˡ
Ҷƽɡ
ȥǸҺʵĳ̸ֹ࣬ҲŶغҶƽԽġ
ȵȥ˱ŵСԺϢǰҶƽּϣһĽ̸Ƿġ
ҶôģҶƽּǵԼʵ޵ۡ
Ȼ¶ҶɺҶɩҵýƸû٣һ䣬˰ĻҪʢһЩҶҲ۳ŵĺùҶƽȻЩġ
ûгϲһ㣬ũŮ߼ޣͺ׳Կͷ
ŸҶɾҶһҵĹϵҲٳҶӣΪҶƽһҶá
ȻãǼ˵ĴĥҲһѰŮܵסġ
ҶƽָųʣҲǼѫ˼ҵģȨ˼ҿϱҲǲ١
ǵ˻ʼΣԼʺӵӶ˥ˣ¶ҶƽҲܴġ
Һܲڸ߼޲٣ϱܿǸլġ
Լ֮ҲǺùģԽԽãҶƽţԼҲ˲£ܹҶ˿ԺСõҲ˳ǡ
ţиӽҶƽһ
Ҷƽֵ٣ֻү߲ûػٱˣҶƽֻù˵ˡ
ҶƽסҴ͵СԺӣ˸
ûУмֻſڣǳǺǱɢˡ
ҶƽֵͷʵﵣĵıǳǸة̽ǷУܹǸ鷳¶ةʶȤûǿҲ
ԵҶƽҲûʣӻҲȥ㴵ϨϢˡ
Ѿɫֵġ
ǳϦ¶æµ
ҶȥϦ죬ؼ¶Ҫһӵģոճ԰緹ľͱ񱦹ȻͿѾ޿ˡ
鲻٣ɨɨݣǮׯϵβòϸǳ档
ǵ˳ϦǾæµߦƤŪڣ첻׼ҶȥʱѾѶ׼ͣ͵ȶְһͺˡ
¶Ϊ˰ҲΪ˾һ˵ʱ⡣
Ҷкȥȴû֣ɼҵҪȥʰʯͷû˿㶢ӾˣԵľͲմˡ
ҶŤͷͿר־Ķ¯ϵͭʯͷϵ˸ֺӣϣ۰Ͱ͵ĶԼơ
ӵһˣ˩ϣܿˣȻӿţȻģͰ˩ˡ
ϾΣҲ˵ʲôϾʯͷ̫ˣǸûӣһþԼܳȥ϶ൣЩҲ
ǵϿҶһԭıʱͻȻﲻԾ
Ҷϴ֣磬һԵĵϣʯͷ񱦶
񱦲Դϴμʯͷ֮񱦾ǼǵƵģʯͷͿЦȥ
ʯͷЦʱʱĻСĵͷ񱦵Ŷ
ʯͷֵܵر鵽ҹ
Լô׹ţֵܵȴҪĶ嶢šҡ
ʯͷǫãŵʱøܵ˸Ҳõܵ
񱦻Сʯͷ˼˱ӣСֱţȻһӡ

һȱ˵ʲôȰરવĵᣬҶﲻˡ
ҶһʱЦãĺ󱳣ˤ˶û˵Ĳǣô㻹ȿ޿ˣ
ڻҶĻֻǺžί
ҶԼؿڶʪˣ˵öడ
ۼˣ߶šƽƽĸɾϵȥ񱦺ʯͷ
ʯͷʵҲŵˣ񱦿ޣֵۣ̫ܵˣҪҪޣ۵úܡ
ҶŵһԵСľʱʯͷģİο񱦣ǲţȻˮֱȴܿͶ˷ΰҵС
ΪҶιĺãЩо٣ҪʱÿζҪһ
ģ񱦺ܿ޶벻ˣһ˼Ҫ
ʯͷһԿཱུĵܵŬ㶯ʯͷĪľú־ָ񱦼͡
ҶǳûȥӦ¹ȥСһ
ȵҪʱѾſڴ˯˹ȥ
˺һֿ޹ܺķģ˯ø
ʯͷҲ۾˯ˡ
ҶҲǣűӹϣӶţŹȥԷ
εԲҶƽͬһԵģһ
ҶƽֲҪһԣһҶѾ޵ңϱ˼Ҷǳ˫ɶԵģǹһˣǴһʡ
Է˵ʱҶƽֻ˵Լ͢µģû͸¶йү¶
Ȼ֪ǸĹٶֻҪǹǾǺõģǸ
ɵÿҶü۴ЦϱȢúõúܣǸںͷء
ڽʱҶſ룬ȥԼԽʱʢ
ʱС˲βļ黰Եʲô˵ƫƫһһŪһԵҲҪԸͷ֪һ˳Եһӣɢϯʱֱߺߡ
ҶţٳԵˣĿһСֽʱֹסĲ³ԵЩ˲ͷģ˺һźܽļһŽ
˽С˲ĬĬذ̧ڴߣַ£Ϣû֡
ϲֻнӵģвٲƷ
ҶһԷʱչѾϰߣҲһŵÿϸϸ̣ŰиҶ
С˲ҲֱӰԽ
Ͼÿ춼ᷢ¶Ȼûʲô
һԿŵķȴЩȡ
ҴȻǺ۷ϲ٣ֻԸֱֳæׯͷ飬޾һԷʱ١
˭Ӳϲ๫۳һЩأ
벻ЩڿչҶ۵ģϱ˼
ֻǷҲ֪Լ๫ǸֱƢʹɫȻûõģýСȡ
뵽Ťͷӣʲô
һ仰Ū÷Ǻ޲šһѡ
ϵܲ³һЩϵ˼һ˿Ӳ˸
ѼˣԼæҲһӸϡ
ɲɵķҪѡ˺⡣
յļã֭廨㣬ž͸ʳȴֱ̾
ʲôã㣬ҺĴƣʱû
Ѿòˣǵ˹ʱ϶೤һٷʼϵһڶûԹ
ԼҶӾȻôֱ㶵ʵйȥˣⲻ˼Ҳô
ϾȵǣϲգЦ
ȻϽͣⲻǲԵģѼȴ̷Ž߳ԱЦȻ֪ʲôӸˣ͸ˣָ˼ӲˣҲһһˡ
Щɪûϵ
ĬĬسŽӣ°̾࣬߶ţҪúÿԺúУ˵ŲŸ˵סΪϱҲҪϲС
ȵ԰˷˱ԻԺ׼ꡣ
񱦱ӱߴΪտҶǺطϴʰҶھǰŷ٣۾ھģĵӰЦʵո˵ʲôأ
վҶ˷ᣬͨͷԻصûʲôѧҵɾҪԺˣһߣ̨״󣬲֮ǰΣҪѧʻҪϲϵȥȫı£ãұ䣬Ҳشˡ
϶ܿϡҶƶһ˵һժ˶׹
ְЩ棺ôôģžԼֱӱ֤Լܿϵġ
ҶǰͷŴС๫̵ģ๫϶̳ܽ״Ԫ
С˲бµˡ
ȻҶ֪ѧΣɴСţȻܿϡ
Ҷġ
ԣɵõͷסŮ˵ļĶЦ⣺֪ʲô״Ԫ𣿡
̫֪˵õľ״Ԫˡ๫ȵȡŪҶɵ㡣
˾վԽԽꡣ
оҧסԼĶ䣬Ҷ˵ҪģˣҪȷء
ԣɿһƽЦݣҶһԵá
ҹɫʣ̿յĺů
˾ôţһҶ;Щˡ
ѰʱһʱҪʲôģ裬ܹ⣬ҶֻҪžˡ
ƫƫʲô˵ҲͶƣʱһҶ;ûȤˡ
˫°Ϳ齼ϣ죺๫ʲô¶ɡ
ҲչȥֵҶıǼ⣬ʲôˣ
С˲룬ȴ벻ʲô⡣
ľֻһ¶ò׶˯ˣܶУٵĵİѣɵȻ׼Źᡣ
齣ȥһԵһŵ齼ϡ
ҶһƣͿǱ飬Ƥ۾ó
ϵһҵʱأôҲû˼Ϸ
Ҷգգ۾ʲôϷ
㷭һҳҳǾͺúоҳɺã
С˲β˵ģֻǵ۾Ǳơ
Ϊˣ콿˵Ҫңڻûء
˭֪ҶȻһ̧ͷҷԣҪǷҳ̫ѣ๫ɣɲǿҪ

ܿ죬Ҷʶƺֱ˵๫ɵġ
Ϊ֤๫ܳɣɳˣŪ鶯֮²촽ҧˡ
񱦽ûڷС˲˿ڣϸ飬Լˡ
ʱҶԺڴϣ۾ˮ⣬ַסļЩģ๫ˡ
£ȻҪһ֣ʱȥҲɡ
ȱ𶯣һ
У˵ҲɣǶźá
С˲Σ
ҶҲûƼڣֻȼ̻ʱյȥƣ§˯ˡ
ʱѴ
ȻѵЩ̿¯ѾµȼůģҶÿʵʱ򣬾ƼѾǰȲ衣
ˣҪȴ˿˿ۡ
ס˽Ųȹҵţ߹ȥʵ£
үˣʮŴ˵ҪлүĶȻϸùү
Ҷԣ֪ʱǱߵдһϵ֡
ЦݣʱڷܣǺ¶
ͷƽĻصǺõģŬرֶддȻΪá
๫áʱʱ̿Լ̵ܵܣǺø䷶ˡ
ЦŽͷҶͷ˸ǣЪ۵˰ɡţ´ҪƲС
˭֪Ҷȴ־Ļص๫ŸöЪЪҲۣۡ
Ķ͵ؾͺˣæֱһ
Сر񱦽СֶɤӸɺҶίı֣űǶˡ
Ҷ㱧ιǳûȳţ峿˲٣˽£׼ȥ鷿Щ
ɸһ߳ȣͿԺ漱ֱתι¡
ι¼˾СܹҪ˵ʲôȴӣһ񣺡Ұ꣬˳ϲ֡
ƳιмԼҲͬһ
ʺ򲻽ȫڣҲΪԸµһ긣˳졣
˻ʺ꣬ι±Ҳ̲סѹͣү̶ӳ¶ˡ
ü΢壬˲ߣȥС˵


93 
սС, ι¾Сȥӣ¡
ºȥӼιԼĻҲţȥ̿յĸůЩ
ι´º̵ңҹ, յ˷ɸ봫, ˵̶ӱ˳˳ˮģǸճ˱ҹʱ򣬱һȺӱΧˣ
ӱ
͵üͷΪʲôιôż
ʵ齨̶֮ǰ, ٹε, Ȼ̶֪ӻĸ鷳
ۣͽ, ⶼпܵġ
֮Ҫ̶׼óǮ, һ·Ͻд㡣·ҪĲ, Ǯͨûʲô
ӱһ
ЩսϵӲŵ, ܻ, Ϊץ˾Ҳȥ֮, ±˺, ֻΪܳ˷ࡣ
Ǻͨ಻ͬ, һɽ˸Ǯͷˣǵȴ
Ⱥ֮ͽϲ˶ʱ
üͷ壬ƺŶԲߣιʵѾˡ
̶ʵӱģûһܵѡ
Щ̶ˣԼ̶ӱ˲࣬ӡ
ˣȫˡ
ιԽԽģȻһ˵ϡ
ӸæȥҲվ׼ȥһʹӴƼ˸ģӰ
СҵĴĲ񣬲ԷҪĺʱҪϲ硣СҵĴ͸ЩȻͷ龰УҲƸ
ԺģģиӰߣͦΣѰ˴˺üȦ
ңĿǰֻһ˸׳ġ
˲£߹ȥСҵš
ҶƽֱҪҶ˵˵Ҳ֪ʱ磬Ҷվ԰ţͻȻԱжһŤͷͿվСſڵԼ÷
ΪҺøбҶƽֿҲĶĶ˳ۣЦŵ÷ꡭ
ɲ˵꣬磬м£ҽ˵
Ҷƽͷһοһᵭ㼱Ҷƽһ㶣飬Ҳʣֱ˽ȥ
ȹţ̶ӣûйУ
Ҷƽ̶ӵ飬̱ࡣ
һֱڳߣȻ֪ʶ̶ӵĿأ̶֮үһֱϣֻȴûеġɣʲô𣿡
ûٶʷϻҶƽ񱾾һ壬ûʲôڵġ
Ҳûпڣǿι£ι̰ѸղŵĻظһ顣
Ҷƽ˵ӱһɣϾüͷ
ɵؿ뵽ʲôˣ
ҶƽҲֱӵڱ߹ض꣬˴̣ҲҪеһЩѺʶ˲ˣҲҵѡɽˣڶ࣬ҿܻû̫취ҪӱĿȻҵӦԣ£ǡ
ʲô
ﵽ⣬ǧ֮ңϢ͹ȥֻҲҪϺЩʱգʵڲ֪ü
ҶƽǵУǧ֮ң˵ĸ֣ȴ׾ܵġ
ɻ䣬Ҷƽֱ㿴¶顣
ҶƽЩ⣺÷㲻Ҫ̫͹ЩӱײУǲܾϢݹȥֻѰˡ
ֱۣ£ֻдǵдСЩţа취ͳȥ˵꣬ιµ̶뿪ҹ֮Χˣ𣿡
ιӦһǡ
վֱӣӣȥѺԺǼֻȡҪ졣
Ҳ˲ӦˣŤͷܳš
ҶƽҲдױţӡ£ʵ÷׼ôͳȥ
ӻûʱ͵Ҫı̶ӿʼ㻨ؽʮֻӣѵصģǧ·ֻ̣һɵˡ
ҶƽҲ֪ŸãսϣܶʱսܵȣѰƥøдݡ
Ҷƽü岢ûɿŸⶫֻܹ鳲ŵģѸӷ˳ȥҲ̶ӵĵصҲǰ״
һԵϻóͲϸϸľһһߵ·׼úܡ
Ҷƽֲ⣺ʲô
ϺСĵİŪͲͣؽµĶȥ߹ظϵĸӣÿһʱͻѵһȷӿ·ǿԺܿء
Ҷƽһ£ûӦ
ͿһͲƽȴټ죺Ȼû취ֱӵ̶ֻҪŻҵһȥ߹ϣȻ֪ȥ
Ҷƽæ÷ɸ봫Ϣɳ˹أ˭ܽӣ
˿΢̶̣뿪ǰ߹ǣÿһطҪ˵ϢϢһԼǡ
ʲô
һҲͲͲã󽻸ӡ
ӽͲڸϣֵȻ̶ӸճҹôҹȻǵˣİɣ֪ôġ
˻һҶƽֳû˻˵
ŸŷɣҶƽҪʲôͬʱҲҪ׼
ؽŸ룬ѵڱ߹ˣҪ;֮Լ֡
ۣ֪һ
Ҷƽֲɵÿʵɣô뵽ôࣿ
ЦЦȻҪһ飬Ҫϸб޻ûʲôѵġ
Ȼ˵ķ絭ᣬҶƽػص˼£Խ˼ȫ
δȻѵġ
Լ÷򣬵Ķ˼
ҶƽͻȻ뵽֮ǰǿĻǲҲ¶Լүģ
ɲҶƽףë½Ҷƽ֣磬Ҷд⣬Էһÿʱųȥһֻ˶٣Щ̾Ϣ̶ҲүĵģҲʲôϾǼ縺ĿɲһЩǮ
԰Լ÷ǹˣ˼׼Ǻ
Ҷƽ̽ӹëʣд˼ױŽ
һߣҶѾ񱦺˯ˡ
СĶҶ֪ι񱦺ʹ˶ȥŪҩĻȻƼһֻһֻĸӷ졣
ҶֻһۣûϣŤͷרĵذŪҩĻ
ʱиС˵ԺſڣСعȥ˵仰Ҷ̣иչķ̹ȥԲ衣
ҶʶչķˣԽԽҶҲյŵӣαţ๫˵
ҶӽӹСͷݡ
񱦻˯ţҶͽϣóһ˴ʱ䡣
ʱƼԼпͷϣ΢΢ͷ¾á
ոջЩŵ˼˲䰲üҲ
ҶţЦϵĶ£ȥסֵ๫ˣû
û˵Լո緹ûԣֻ˵˵ġͷӣȥС
Ҷȥţǿ˿˯񱦣ֿסҶ֣£ҶԼ
С˲ţЦ˿춹ݸ˲ŵղиչķҵӣҳԲ衣
ԣϸ룬չĲ࣬ܵģӦةķˡ
ةǰƷٲ󣬹ܵȴࡣ
ةҲ뷽ϹȥԲģϾǸеĽʲ١
ȥҶ¼ޣټʱӲãҪҪģûӴãӺӸҲϡ档
ȥҲãɩģʱ򻨵ƯʱȲɢҾȥ㣬һ仨ơ
ҶͷӦ£̽ͷȥ
ɳζǣζ
ȴʱҶŴŴ˾䣺û¶ô
֪ԼӴ̶ӵ飬ȴܿ仯ǸղԼʱĨûüסĵǱҶȥ
˽£סҶĸ첲û¶ˡ£Ҳн
Ҷգգ۾Աһƽ㡣
ͷƣ㿴ĲãԼȻп͸ģȴûһ˫鶯֣ƽʱ벻֣ŪѾܲˡ
εĽϱԼôʮöͭǮͭǮɴų˲١
ɵʵʲô
ҶͷЦ͸㣬ͷͭǮԽҧģЩʲôζҾͶˣͭǮԲãҾͲϣϴñ㡣
ʱԵʱû˵ɿҪͳԣŵԼ
ǼǵõģԼǰҲͳʮĸӡ
ô˵Ǹвͷ𡭡


94 
ʱƽʱæµöࡣ
ڸǸ, µĶ, ƹҲ, ѰиĶ, ȵ˹ʱ, Щ˶Щ꣬ŮҲụ߿
Ż򵥣û, ѰԶҲ߶ϵǲ̫š
֮Ľ˲ͬ, Ͼʱһ, ﻰҲͷĲʹ, ֻѲ˵, ǵܴһģǷҹܣŻúլ֮໥߶
Ȼ, ȻٲҪܡ
ϲûйҶͷϳ֣ǸԶкҪչˣҲϱ, ֻǴһΣµʱҶͷԼ㡣
ǱҶ֪, Ҷ˵⼸˶񱦲û¶ж, ǺͶԺҩĻ
, ôûҶСͷ, վһӲһʵ
϶ҶЦŵͷγţӣȥԺͳŲ˯˲˯ţƵһȥʱѲأû
ҶԣЩ⣺ϲ˯
ϵ˵ͷҶһ᷿ţůЩŲ裬ЦŵµģСӺһ˾˯£ⲻ˯֣첹ˡ
С˲Ҳע⵽ϵаɫЩףҶ£ţԺڻҿ˿קƬɫĻ꣬΢û˺ܶ࣬һһ˶¡
ʱϱо۾˺ܶࡣ
öϸ⾪棬뵽ҩĻõġ
æӻóһᣬȥëʣīҶ˵˵⻨ʲô֣;ģҼ
Ҷ֪ϰҩɳգÿСӣ޲춼ܴҶ̽ЩҩĻ;
С˲Ҳûʲôò˽ģ˲ΣıǾ£ЩҩĻܰﵽȻˣټ϶Լӵϰ֪ЩҲǺõġ
ֻŶ۾Żƻ꣬ĪЩϲС
ҶЦ߹ȥסȻٸ㣬Ȼһ۵²дְɣȻѵ۾⻨Ͱժˡ
ԣͷʱ˷ܵ飬˱ʣͬҶصǰ
񱦵ҡһԣСһţְҡŵĺɫëԼԼˣõǿġ
Ҷ͡ĺţģһЦҲ֪ЦʲôأԲཱུСϲȥ⻶ʵ
öЩĽ񱦳úãҲ׳ʵŰ˯ģչҲ̫ѡ
Ҷգգ۾ƽʱҲ˯ʱһ˯һء
ϲɵջĿ⣬ⲻӦðǰ˯϶˯ŵġ
С˲ҹ˯ó֪Լֶʲô
һԵСأԵ̣Сүʱǲ̫ϲ˯ģҹﻹ
Ҷһ㶡

ǳ̵ʱ򣬶ȻҪҶιģС˲δӲǵԼҹι
СؼɻֵÿζǶүСүˣүͰѺӱȥңʱιġ
˻һҶףԼϲñѣԼ๫Ĺ͡
ֲʱҹľؿ˹ĵһֱΪвסˣҶģҲûѹ뵽ԭҹĵԼֶӡ
Ҷɵÿ˿񱦣ִ˴ཱུС
С֪ԣҲ֪û۵๫
ﲻɵţԺҲö˯ˡ
Ҷ֪ǹģѣҶҲ֪ҪúŲܿ⼸̶ӵǵҪæЩܸúú˯С
񱦱Ҳ¶˸ЦݣŤͷͰҶָͷҧĥĥ
ŻûҶҧָֻЦͷ񱦵Ŷ˵ס
һŵĶβסĽ
ĺжܶ࣬Ƕȷʵ̫ˡ
ĥţؼԺҪͷú˵˵ǾöôǾȴѧˡ
ûãҶֽϵĻȡ¡
ԼѾ׵۾¶˸ЦóŵĲӣҶϸϸҩĻôźá
ȶ뿪ʱҶһСƻȥϸо
Ҷǻѣ˻䣬źͷһȥ˵Ĳᡣ
ͷһһͬţﻹЩġ
ƽʱڼദǢ٣Ǹͷٲһź棬ȴپһ
ǹϵãֻǴղһ
ϲ֣ҶϲԳԺȺȣĵһġ
֮ǰϻ׼˺ܶ׷ŵȻҪ䳡ҪΡ
˭֪һϳŵһ㡣
Ǻ棬ǹ𻨡
Ҷľϳˣ˳ǱȽϴǼݳڿҶ԰˸ȥ˸ʳУһء
ϽҶЦŶ֣ɩɩ
΢΢ȹҶߵϣͿϰżӵģոŵζǴЩϴȥġ
ҶӰ꣬ʳ̵һߺʹ˵ȥةҪ߰ʱȥ˲ҲһܳԵʲôŴЩӡ
ȥΣԱͷţȥ˾ǺȲ죬ԵĶûеġ
˵⻰ʱ򣬷϶Щ
Ǹ·ϿҲίͣ˿˵ʱҲ֪óд
ةҵλȴһëΣѰ˹ȥֻ˵Բ裬Ӳʳ㶼ˡ
ЩׯӵӹȥҪЩƷźãһȥةԼҷƵʱˡ
Ͽ˿߽ŵĺɫУɵĥ
˶ȴδȷԲã
Ҷǿÿнʱϵ˫ӹȥǾȳЩʡõȻˡ
һǲԶģҶ˿ӣҲþܾһһ֣ԲԲЩԥ֪ǸóԻǸ¡
һ̧ͷϾͿѾùĹĵҶ
С˲δǸֱӣԾͳԣȾͺȣԵʲôںġ
ҲǸˬֱҲţϽ̵˺̬ҲĿģܿɹǣҶӲ죬ʲôĺܡ
ϾͶͻȻΪʲôԼϲҶųԷ
ɫɲ⣬ΪԼλóԶ̫·ˡ
ü۴Ц΢ģÿһڶ㡣
ǷִⲻԵˣɵʳĬĬİһַŽ
óóԵģ˿ӡ
ͣʱϿտҲļӣϲɵÿɥ
Ҫˡ
ܿЦһóԣԺ˶ߣܲܿԼ
Яةź󣬾˺漸ţǰա
Ȼ˵λˣٵ˼һҪ߿һ۵ġ
¹󲻼٣ЩլŮ֮ѾγԼȦӣиŻΪģûڽȥûʲô
ʵԼѣڹҲʶСõģֻҶ˵û뿪
ڼЩ࣬һţϻֵܷģһپһĵ
ӽźϱһֱҶߣ˵ŵķǶ˭
ҶŲյţųԱˣҶҲȥһǣȻܼȫܼºпйϵıãԵֻžˡ
ǰͷΧةߵ֣ϱûϴա
ԼĵֵԼǰ̣ǲ÷˭ȻԺ˭ˣǸǶˡ徲ʶЩͺãˣĵԺ˵
ҶóڿοԼŷЦЦɩɩģҲ⡣
С˲εĺСװµĲںЩˣں˹¡
ްԼĲҪġ
ŷֻɢˣҪȥء
ЦŵͷĵȵȣǵҶŤͷ𴦵ʱ򣬷ԲԲȴЩ⡣
ȻԼֲϲ磬Ҳ˭δˡ
ǡ˭Ƶġ
ȵɢ˺ٳʱڷ˲Ծ
ةԱվŵḾ￴䵭ƺЩᷳ
С˲ͬƼˣקקϵڣʵɩɩ˭ôܿҡ
΢΢üḾϵķ۷ĺָԶϸֱϳˣӵͶҶǳǶּŮҼǵةˣֻǵʱûȥԾơ
ةȢϱΧеͷĶȥһ¡
Ҷ񱦾ӣӾȥɽϵԺЩͶǲ֪ġ
ּҡҶûӡ
ǱߵȴĶҶƽ
ԭǸģΪԼȾಡҶɾֱӶ˺ּҵϵֱּԴҲ϶Ķҵ⣬ּӹĸѡ
޹һԼңּܲ˵ΪԼҹҹŸ飬˵ȥģڼǾҶȲ塣
ּҵ˼˵˵ԼĿŮةǰ˵˵ûһЩôöɽ
˭ֻ֪ǵҵĳ𣬷Ƕһɶ
ټϼ֮Ӳ̫ù๫ĳȥˣ϶ûؼңԽԽ
޼ΪΪʲôƫƫԼܻಡ
ҵ˵Ҫһȥ˹ݵģԼȥͰˣΪʲôԼܵ㣬ȥʲô鶼û
΢еͬ꣬ܲԼ˽ѡ
˶̣ҲˣټҵĻţܹ鲻ܳԼĴǾǱ˵ĴǸϾͰдͷϡ
˵ҶɵҪϾͱžҪĲʹˡ
ƫƫҶǰգûᡣ
ټϸղŲʱ˵ǱŵĽθ˾ӣǿüĽҶƯκã
ԽܣԽĮҪҶ˵ֻҶȻģŪϸơ
ǰڹʱϲû̫ƣּҺլֶûȴҲġ
ةӵӣżʽ΢Щ䵭Ȼռλãе
뵽Ϣ뿪ãк˸˵ĳܣƼ𣿡
ةµģлҲҲӦУָŵͷˡ
ˣЩ飬ҲΪ档ϸһɰȥţȥ۾˵ǳԾƣ˻бǮ
ĵ˵ߣɰ˵Ҳӡ
ᣬЦǺǵİѺɰŤͷ뿪ȥкˣȻǵһ顣
ţ̵Ǳة˴󷽵ö࣬¶ֵ
˭ĳܣŲںأ΢ѣةֻҪֳ±ˡ
ϻú󣬾лû뿪ķֹ˼Ҷɣ֪ӻؼء
Ҷ֪ǸúõľˣԱǸָ׳˭
˵Ҷϵֵܣĵ
Ǹ÷εҶ
ҶϺǴ磬ӦҶ󡣡
治ҲпˣҶøˡ
ǵĻһԲȴЦ
ٵΣȻҪ˭˭Ц


95 
Ҷͷϳʱ, Ƽҵ
һʱ, һ¸ġ
վ, г, ɫ, ˭Ƽ˶Ҫһٷġ
ֻҶǰסôô䵽˿Ǻá
ʵ䣬֮ûΪǸȻů, ҲƣδЩء
úò, ΢Ұ, һ, ˡ
ǲЩѴ, Ҷ˵ȥĺܶ궼Ϊ, ʲôѶҪˡ
ǽҶԱôţȻҪԼʰĺÿЩ, ҲǸԼ׬档
⻰ֱ˵ڣֻЦŵͷԼӵڳ, ֻ㣬ˡ
һ, ɵЦܺ͵ø, ˵, Ҫһȥƣ
ŷһŵǣɩɩǵ±ȥ
ǺˣǣƽЩҪϽؼңʯͷأǸСЩ㡣
ȴɩɩϸĲǡ
ϵǲЩ˰֣һ˼ƽʲôСһֲ⡣߶ǵ⵹ˡ
ˣҲƴǣ˰ѳϵȡĿͷ뿪ŷҶʱŵݳ
ҶŸϳʱɵһ㶣磬ô㣿
ҶƽͷϴŵůñҶ¶˸ЦݣҲҪȥƣͬ·£ϸϳ͵ɽˡ
С˲βɵÿҶɱǿˣôϳӣ
ãɡҶƽȴŤͷҶŸпҴСƺûΪʲô³Ҳȴеһ׮顣
ҶͲЩҶƽ˵⻰ʱ飬С˲Щ޴ץڣҡҡ
֪񲻺ϣҶƽ˼֣Ҳٶ˵ʲôֻҶһлӣ˳ͷŵĵطҲܺҶƽ˵˵
ҶЩĸʵ磬ôȥˣ
Ҷƽǰһ󣬶ŵһյÿģˡ
˭
һ󰲾ҶƽֵЩİͣ͡ġƺᣬҶƽæͣǻ˵ĻƳ뿴ĺܣһյȥ
ҶӦһûʲôֻһС๫Ҫɩɩ𣿡
˵ĽҶѹͷҶƽҲġ
ȴû̻شֻЦĶͷȴ֪Լ⻰Ҫˡ
ǻСʳҪʲôʲôģȻĻƳȵϾĸûʣ
ǻ˸дҶƽִˡ
ҶƽҪȥʹӵ˼Ըɲͳô
ֻЩԼ֪վǻ£û䶨֮ǰʲô˵ġ
뵽ʲôҶǰ¶Ըȥͷһ˻
͵ͣ£ҶƽֵͺһҪҶ㴫˼͵͵
ʲô͵ˤڵϣͨͨġ
γֱߵ٣ǰ濴ƻЩԶ汾ͺڣҶԼܸоΣա
ĵһ¾ץסԼ๫
ȴһѽҶ˵˾䣺ɾ˳
ҶڳϣҪ๫˵ȥС˲ιĻģʵţŬĶ
һ³ƼмƺҪõȡ
ǲǵ֣Ѿһ·Ҷƽ̸ֵɴǰ壬˿·磬ȭȭ⣬ÿ´Ķʹ㡣
Ҷƽû˵ֻüͷ΢ԸѵģҪʻ
Ӧһ˸Сסж°ԷŶҧԾ˶ӵһԡ
Ҷƽְж°͵ʱѾɵˡ
ֻǲ֪ɵĻɵġ
ҶƽּһûŶһһָֻ°Ͱ˻ȥʵ˵˭ģ
ʵҶƽֵԴѾ˺üϷˡ
Լǳү
ǳү⼸ֻһھˣĶ϶ϲ
ڹϣ˭ĸðŭϵķºأ
Ҷƽףսսĵǡǽٵġ
Ҷƽƺ뵽ô˵üһǵǺãҰֽŴˣΪ˵žҪ֡
ˣģةҵģ÷ңȻ
Լ룬ҶƽֱӴĺ󾱰ˡ
ü΢壬Ҷƽֿةҵġʶ𣿡
ҡҡͷֵͷ˵̣ϣҿʶġ
г𣿡
ǰɡ
Ҷƽ΢΢üƺ㡣
Ҳһԣ۵塣
ɾʱһ԰и۴ڿҶƽֵͻȻɫףŤͷܡ
ܵü죬·ӣˤۣȴͣ£ֱֱĳةȥ
սžʹţˣ
һ£ةĲˡ
һԵĹæģܽϹʲôģ˵ʲôˣ˭ôӣ
ôһЦ˵ˣɽȴǴ죬Ȼ¼ˣȶЩˣһþ͹˵ϡ
Ҳ˲ϸԼ⣬ѿڶȥļ˶ˣ¶ˣ
ǻһ˵꣬۲ŷӦϲֻϣة͹ϡ
ةԭֻҪʱ仹磬ȫ˾һ˵˵ôһţǰ󶼱ˮʪˣܲ
һӣسһȣ˵ʲôɲɵģ˵ҪҸ״ȹҾͶĲ£
ԣæ۴ɫ
żʵ㲻ʲôóˣ෴ƲҲƲּ
˵©죬˹ᷳʱԽû֮ˡ
ǲ۸˵Ǹ
ֻҪһЩǮ˵±ȥϵŪ¶ȥβȾ˾ˣԵҲʲô
ǾϳǸʱ˶ɵˣżææܻ
Ҳ˲ɤӵةˣ²ˣȥһ˼ҵŮʹӣ˼Ұǵ˸ˣҵúܡ
ةԣһ㶣Ťͷһۣȴûֱ˵ǵ£˭ˣ֣ԻӹȥǶٻˡ
һ¡²˵¶
ةüͷһ壺ôˣ
۵ְһ㣺ûˣĺúõģɣɴǵˣҲǼġ
ˣ
ǡ֮ǰڳﱻϵǸǸˡ
ۻ䣬ةʧˤ˲룬ǰһڣֱһϻȥ
ϸæȥҲһȴǰ
վ۽粻ߣܿĲǷ֮أĹٱԼĹˣȻûиˣȴ֪жܰѹˣ
Ҳ֪£ָҶ
ةܿ˹ȻԴκȴǷŹɿˣǳǸˣ
۰ͷǣģ
ةĶţǻϽȥǣɲȥˣ
ۼ״ɥˣѾȥˣѾλ˸һ٣иڷ粻ϵ˼һŻ˵ʵָ˵ȥģǸԶܻȻڶҲڽء
˻һة˹ȥʱһƬҡ
ةȴΧ˵ĺУԴֻһ仰
ˣȫˣ
ڳϣ沢ûǲ˵ǰҡ
ҶƽִֽŸ䣬¾Ͱ̵ӵһԣȻв۴ȴҲ׷ֻʳĻָʹ߾Ͳȥˡ
Ҷʵû̫Ķֻͣһ£ܿƽ
Ҷ̽̽ͷ磬ôˣ
ҶƽֺһۣĬľ¶Ҷ
ֻﶼȻﶼ㣬ȴûпڡ
϶ŵЦ⣬ҶʱҲ͸¶ֺ
˳Ҷƽֲŵ¶ģղſֻ󣬰ˣ󶼴ˣûµġ
ҶЩȣŤͷȥǸʲô󰡣ܾ
һĻش𣺡Ǵ󡣡
Ҷ룬Ҳͷţ๫˵ǡҪǲ󣬺ھ
ӣЦŵˣɣȻҪȥء
ҶصЦӯӯĵͷ
費Ƶ˺üյҹգһֱԪŽ
Ҷʱʱĺȥ棬Ҷƽʱţʱ򲻸ÿθܼЩС
ʹ˵ҶҲЩġ
С˲ξԼҪɩˡ
ȹԪҲǹʱģҲ徻ࡣ
˿еĶϾͳŻĻҲǽʵʵģ޴һʲôȤ
Ҳ˵׶ⶺǵģСӴһʱҵµȤ
СӾǻáǱһСӣϵЦݸʵ⡣
ҶҲͷҺܴŻȻǻĵġ
Ͼȣүҵʯͷأ
ʯͷҪ飬ҵԺӣǸġҶһ˵һ߰Ūϵӡ
һЦǺ£ԺǸ״Ԫӡȿ˱˼ҵĺӣϾҿ˿СӣͱˣоҪ¶ڼŲźãʡǷǡ
Ҷһ㶣Ϊʲô
ҿѹ˵ةˣģةʹ˽˺üС΢õˣҲ֪ôģҪöݵȥŽŵϣĿ֣ʹ£ܹҳһšⲻ죬ּҵ˺üңҳּҪˡ


96 
ּ, ҶϤ, ӡﶼûϵġ
Ҳ벻ּǸʲô˼ңֱ˵ҵչѾ˹ϷָɾŷӦ, ֮ǰȥةԲʱ, ǸʱԼŵĸ˺֡
ֻǵʱϲ˵һ죬Ҷûϣǲϵĳˡ
һ˳Էʱ, Ҳ˵ϵҶһ۵, ֻǵʱҶרעųţӦֻ˼䣬Եľûʲôˡ
һ߸ιˮ, һߵةһֱµģ, ּҵȥ֮ö, ּžǲ, ˵ԼŮûз֮߳, ޾Ҫȥ, ةǱöҲҪ޵Ļ˵ˡ
Ҷգգ۾̫ףΣ
Ͻ͵ûз֮߳ҾͲ޵, Ҫ, ҪȥһβС
ȻС˲ûʶε, ǹ֪Ǻ¡
ֱԼཱུ񱦣Ҷĺ󱳣۾ǿŶϣ˼ҵ飬ûʲôϵġ
ԥһ£ȴǵʵ¶๫Ҹģܲʲô㣬˵Ҳá
£
ּҲȥة֣ȥ˶ҵľڡ
Ҷ϶һ٣Щȣȥ๫๫ʲôϵ
ҡҡͷãֻּͶ·ȻҲٵ¶ҵľֻǰҵĹӰˣڱҲ֮֡
ҶżȥɣҪȥ๫
û¶ˡæסּҵΪ£кüץͷȥˣҺõúܣõġҸֻйϵϹӦУҪմּҵ¶Ȼƽ׵ĸԼ˶ġ
Ҷԣȥ˳ѻЩãȻ·ŵϡ
ѶϵĻ£ӲžˣֻŵȻʱҪʲźá
Ҷ߶ŵӵݹ̧ۿ˿ʲôʱģ
ǸµģƼžͽˡ
ͲֽչϸϸĿ
ֲ٣ȻҪ˵Ҳࡣ
˸߹ƽ⣬˵֮ǰµ̶ѾϢ
˵ıɿ첻١
һ߿һߵױŻЧġ
Ҳ¶ڴ̶ˣ
ţڸЩȥǾ˳ֻ˼һƷĲûʲôʧʵϻ˵һӱϤһʣֻ⻰ûиӡ
ȽͬˣѾ˼ȵˣǵǸӣСһ꣬黹ǲ֪ĺá
¶˴ЦݣʵΪˡ
ʱվˣҲĥһЩŵ
ҵӲ٣˵Ѿ׬ܶǮˣûͣ¹Ŭ
̶ϣͶľģҲע˲ϣ
̶գȻˡ
óӣȼֽͭȼվ鷿ļȡһӷŽУȥҶл
ǡӦһСȥȡ¸ãְůݸ
ůҶģѻɫŲȴůͽʵ
ȥһĨЦ⣬š
Ҷƽ־סҵһԺԭǸ׼ģõҲɾǾ鷿ԶЩ
ȥʱݵ԰ӣƼСΧǽġ
ɽŲ΢΢һ٣ûж˵ʲôֻû
䣬ȹůˣëݺˡ
ߵҶƽֵԺʱȴԺŴ򿪣ȴǽյģŲˡ
׼ȥȣһͷͿҶƽ߽
Ҷƽǿ׳Ҳź죬Ҳһ¾͹˶
Ƽë޵Ҷƽһ㶣Цŵ÷£
˵ͷƽ̶ǱϢѾգҴл
ҶƽҲװ£̶ӲغǮغүڴҶƽȻ
̶֪£ҶƽȻˣ˵
̿ȻϨˣﻹȺȻҶƽ뿪û೤ʱ䡣
պ̿裬ºů䶼ȡš
Ҷƽּˣɵõ֮ǰҾ˵÷ѾʵˣôҪů䣿
˿Ӳã˶ҪϸЩഩҲܻԼ˶٣ºů䶼ǽģ⣬ȻҪպá
Ҷƽ֣
ողðͬ˲ʧ
˼÷СùţðԼ׸絽ڶûһõĶϴεĺɰڴеҩӸˣҩˣǺɰȴҪˣҶƽһۡ
ҪĿĵȻҫ˵ҫ֮ҲҪ˵µģ̶ѾգǶ죬캮ضһʱҲزүһҪżȵůнˡ
ҶƽӦһҲЦǺ¶һȥү
ͷȥ̿յһЩ
ó˺ӣݸҶƽ֣Ҹл񣬻¡
͵ֱӣҶƽȴû֣ǵˣαؼ⣿
ȴǴ˺ӣĶҶƽֿƽϴ˵ϲ䣬Ķµʽ
лл÷¡˵꣬Ҷƽ־ͰѺӽӹǺãСķŵ˻С
뵽գЦЦ̿Կ˿֡
Ҷƽԥһ£÷Ҹոȥ˳·˵ּˣ
ԣû̻ش𣬶Ƿʣȥ
Ҷƽֲȥݷһ¸ãة˵˵
ʵ⵹ҶƽرʵԸˡ
ֻ¶ة±ûдǸʧ֮
ʱΧҶƽֵܻסҶҪǻͨˣҪù
ةľϸɴ࣬öޣǱ̬ҲƲ˹ϵñһϵܲġ
ɵ̧ۿҶƽ֣˵Ҫôô
ǰϾˣڴ㲻ʲôֻҲˣжΰˣҲÿҶƽ˵ƽʵѾǸ߸¡
ةʶ࣬Ȼϲܣڱǿжְٰ»֮࣬ԶûǰϵŴ
Աͷ΢̡
ҶƽȴûԼ⣺˵ּһһĵģ
һԵԼүǺˣ
⼸Ϊľ¶ȻҶƽֱҵٵĸ״ȴԼİ취ں˲ٲ񣬺ܶǰ۵¶˳һѻյּϣ֮ǰ¶ֵּѸû
˹ּҲᵹ졣
ֻةҲǺ޼ˣܵ˭ڱּңֻ˳ɷ⵹Ҿˣǰϵة޲ðӵٲȼŲſء
ҶƽȴһķϵȻңкθϵǵùǰ̫࣬ǣһȫ˻¡
ҶƽֻЩɣȴҲ仰©
ڣŵ˵һֱŽ￴ƣҪ̶ӵ飬Ȼ벻εġ
ӣ
Ҷƽȴ˵ļе˵ףҶƽԼ÷ǹϵյһֱûеû˼ȥЩССĶԹ
˵ˣ÷һģǱߵ»أãô¶
֪Ҷƽ룬Ȼ쳤̾
Լүһˣ˰˸ӵģӲõʱ
ֻҪ̵飬ĺֺڣٰʮ׼ţ㲻ԥ
ʵӵڶ㲻ּңΪּҺⲻͣΪ֮ǰ˵Ǿ䣬ϵҶһۡ
ܾúߵĿԸЩ
ûҶƽգ˵Ҫȥġ
ǰӲãûȥܳ߶ˣҪҶһȥ
ȥʱѾŻӻȥˡ
ţҶ׼ҪõĶ˯̤ʵཱུСһ˯޼ɵǵÿοְС첲һա
񱦿ɲЩ׵ץջˣûһҪȥŲĺȴҪ˾ռط޲ܴŹ˯źá
۾
˯̤ʵס
ҶһԿֱ֣˯˾ģˡ
΢΢üҪСźõġ
ɲ֣Ҷˣ˭Ҫȥˡ
ջ֣ԼֶӸϱӣֻޱֲźá
ҶһһҸ˵ȥ֣İɣ
ЦЦû¶ģһ٣ƺΪҶģ˵ʵ⣬Ǻܿûˣİɡ
⻰ʶĿ˿ֵͷţȻΪϵ˶һ۰ɡ
˳ŵ۾ǿģǲҪҵ˵ĺá
۲û˹㣬Ҫġ
ҶǰģҲʣһѡ硣
ǰС˲ǴǼ͵ĺ磬ȻʽЩȴǰģ⣬ҶҲ⴩
Щ÷˺üʵ磬ȥѡ˼ɫ磬˰ɫů䣬ԼĵһԶųš
ֻǰҶԥô
ǵһһȥҲһʱûأˣҲӿţġ񱦻СܲѬڼĺá
ҶҲԣ˶ˣȥء
ȻҲȥҲ顣
Ҷ棺ȥʲô
ɫ顣
ôֳ鰡
ɫƽỺҲΪáΪ˵˻ѻ
ʲôѻû˵ֻ䵭ţСקȥ̻鶼ҪּңԼһӶ֪
ƤĺӹȻҪźõġ
Ҷţ鵱ȻΪãԼ๫һֱôơ
˱Я
ԭĴϴһȥٳŵʱֻ˵ҪͬһͻƷ裬ȥ
Ȼ֪Լ׸СڶĻᣬȻӦʣʱֻһ·
ȥıϴδҶȥ
ʢ鲻˵ţ벻Ҷ¡
ϴС˲ξӽŵ˴۱û鷢Ҳڵúܡ
ҹܸǮģ֮󣬱ֱӰݵġ
ҶԸʱſڱϣԺ󡭡
һøѾվˣԲɵÿü͵ʵΪҪ˵أ˵
ҶƫƫͷһԼĵȻҪ˼ȻҪһ㣬źãȻ߶˼ǰ״ˣ
룬ЦŵҲԡ
ֻû°ݣվһԣüۺЦĿԼӡ
ҶſķϣԺ๫ƽ˳죬񱦿Խɳһ˺ͺĲźáҶվóһСһԵСɳ֡
ַǮʵոֻ˵Һ񱦣Լأ
С˲εûԼʲôģԼ念ԼԼ͹ˣ˭ӵġ
ڵѾܺùˣгк๫ûʲôԸ
ҶҲʵش𣺡񱦺ˣҾͺá
ԣþû˵
Ҷӵɣֽ˽»εؿסŮ˵ָ⡣
Ҷ֪ͻΪʲôֻЦӯӯ๫ոʱʲô
С˲ţԼԸ๫ˣʲôȴ֪ء
ҡҡͷûиҶҲû˵
һֱ˼ңҹ챻ů𽵹ʱҶģģԼ˵˾仰ϸĴϢɸȵů⣺㻹֪ҸղʲôԸô
ҶͲϲһ˵ͲëʶÿζϽ˵꣬룬˵
󣬾õͳɤĶߵҵʱǣϣԸܳ档
ҶɵƫƫͷںҹҲŬ۾ơ
ʱԸҶûڵʱѾˡ
Լ๫֪ԼӶҶڲ֪ӶԼ
ҶĬһ˲ֱŪ̲ססľӣ˵ǡ
Ѿ鵽շ죬ЩᣬС˲εȴԾЦ
๫Ȼõˡ


97 
˰ҹ, ҶԼô˯µġ
ȵ˵ڶ, Ļġ
ͷһ۾ƼſЦǺǵץ񱦣СҶ, ̴չ, ְҶ½ߺġ
Ҷ۾İСι, ˸Ƿ, ΢΢˻˴գ棺ʲôʱˣ
ˣһ, ˱˭֪Լֶôץʱ, ղŻʵʵģȴһռҶ
ֽ̯, ֱſҶ, ץĨز֡
ҲĽ, ֻ£ֱ, ӺͶһ𱧵øЩʱһˡ
ҶѣԴﻹͿ, ӦһЩȵգգ۾
Ѱʱ, ԼҲ, ȴӲһʱ
Ҫ̽ͷȥƣһѾ˻ȥ
̧ͷΪ䣬Ļůôĺ붯һüм䣬ţҶҲŲʡСԲҪ֡
ɿ̫գʱëɨ˵ľѣŪʶĽҶø
ҶҲĵôôˣҶҡҡͷܣͷûأôʱˡ
ǵͷѩˡ
Ҷһ㶣ϾЦݡ
ȥѩʱҶµġ
С˲ʱڵϲıѩúܣƣʱ򱻺ѩûСı²Ǳѹ
ȥѩʱսӲãʲô£ȥ㣬Ҫźü죬ԼοԼһӲſȥ
ڵ˻ޣǵˣжů¯̿ůʣѩֻܿȴûµġ
ʱ񱦳Ա㣬̵ɿ˸õһԣķ˸ֱ档
ҶǸ⿪ĵ˫ַؿϳţϴЦ뿴ѩ
æñӰŵٳȥʡ䡣
ҶԹԵӦ־Ҫȥͷ·
һӱȡ˱ů˵µݸ£ס׵ı۰򣺡ůŵġ
ҶϴЦ֪Լ๫ԼİѸš
ӦС˲ζڱϵµĴӣȻȥһϣֽɵϵ齣Сĵƿ˴ơ
ⳡѩµǼģƬֲѩ°ˣ϶һ㣬ôҲаƺ
о˹νķ䣬Ҷæ˴ȥ̿ůԼ֣ʡ
ƫƫţֱӸűӿϣЦޣѩأ๫ȻϢˣȥѩ˿ɺã֮ǰֻ˶ѹһûԹء
ǿͷºͣǲɣѩ̫з磬Ī˵ѩˣֻվͷʱˣܳСѩˡ
Ҷգգۣܾˣǻ̵Ǿ͵ѩͣˡ
ȥҲҪӡ
ûȻϣģ๫ãҳȥſá
һ㶣ʲô
ҶЦſҹҹԼ̹۵ˡſҸ

⻰ʵɲ֪ôأֻʶطҲۡ
˭֪ͱҽҩѨλͼҶֻǸűһ΢΢ü
ãҶô׼ţȷʵЩᡣ
΢Ҷ֪Լ׼ˡ
ҲӦҶֱ˵ţЦӯӯĿģ¶Ҳóˣ๫һҪ۵ĺأҸ̹ˡ
⻰˵ģֻȴе¡
Ȼ֪ԼǸһо顱ӣÿÿ˼ҲⷴӦ
Ҷʾתʱѡͣʵʵط˸
͸оԼӲոžֱĴϣֻıţ˵Ҫﲻ̹˾ͬ˵ԺгþأȻҪúûŲС
ƵģŶ
ЪţҸУҵСһܲȡ
ҶϿģǲģʺ϶ȡ
Ⱥ飬ĿȻ֪ĹЧ
ǿ壬ȥ
һʶԱ߿Ͷ񱦾۾
С񱦿Լ˵ʲô˽Լſ￩ЦЦ̫ʹԼԼŪˣԾ֣ƺڸҶľԼ׵ôɵľͷ
˸
һڴһһֱСһҪڴϻͼżææıȥҶǿŴԶЦ
ʰͣȴѾ緹ʱ䣬Ծһԡ
ȳ԰˷ҶȡС¯
С¯дСеĿ¾ƣеղ裬Ҷȡ¯ɰŵܲϸϸţ˲ʢһݸȰɡ
Ҷ֮ǰ˵ôҲ±ǡ
˵ģЩûˡ
ǽ˹һڿڵĺȽȥζ˵ĺܡ
ȵĶ΢졣
ʱ˿˿š
Ҷ̽ͷ˭
ӵҶүүˡ
ǽ
ûãƿðˡ
Ҷƽֻã佫ӲʣȻëѩҲֺ
ȴǴͶţ˶ҪȫȻûء
û˵Щ룬ȥԼ¸ϣüͷ΢壺ʲô
ͷԼҸԼѣԻص֡˵ţͰһֵݸ
ӹȴû򿪿ֽ´ñˣ䣬˿ôԣ
ӦһЦЦ
ҶƽǱ΢ƣСãʲôأô㡣
ҶЦŵûãСӦûŹأҶСصȥ
Ҷƽһ㶣ôûˣ
ƳҶƽһۣû˵ĬĬȥźȣͷǽﵥŪãĪЩˡ
Ź˹ҶƽҲźС¯ŵܲˣЦǺǵĽӹ۾ǿش񱦡
ҲҶƽ֣Сһﲻ֪ûϳֻܵƣ޲Ҳڣ۾ԲģҶƽž;ϲ
ȺȹůҶƽ־͹ȥ񱦡
ǱͣҶƽֱͷһαôߣ˿ޣʵҿЦ
ҶƽֲɵõСã⺢ǸģԺȻгϢ󽫾
ɲ˵ȴڵҪֵ״ԪģҸãϧˡ
ҶƽֵҲͣЦŵҲԣ飬࣬Ҳǹҫ鹡
ЩĿǣ񱦵СʵǿǸܵǵģϾҺڴĻǿɿأ˵δδ˵
ܿͻ˻⣺Ҷ磬ɺã
ãӻòãúö鿼ԡæû취ˣгһܽȻȥ
Ҳ֪ԼֲǸͨˣȻҲʲô׹УǹƾƽʱĽ̸ּ֪ݶ̫ƽ
費ֵ׵Ҳ׽
˼£ǻҶҴ仰ϣ˳죬ˣóԺ˯ġ
⻰˵ʵҶƽֲɵЦɣҼˣȥȻ
Ҷһֱû˵ֱ뿪ˣʵɲ֪𣿡
Ҷƽҡҡͷǵ֪Ǻ£ᣬȻЩϳɣ֪Լү˰ӳֵܣһнݣķ˹ΣҪˡ
˵꣬ҶƽҲͷүҲ˼
Ҳıܣŷġ
ϾүζУڼȻעҪλԺܾǾ֮
ԼܷܶԶһʸ֣ȻǸ಻ģ˼һ̰ӵһԡ
վҪµģϵƲʵӵֻͣпԼȥ棬ñ˸߿
˵⻰ţһİУξš
ҶƽԣؽС񱦷ŻصϣŹȥŴ˸죬ţаźϡ
Ҳܻ䣬ֱӲŷ⣬չδѾ顣
ҶںС¯Աŷ磬۾ǿҶƽ֡
ֱʵбܻ֮¡
ûʲôܻġҶƽְۺȥ۾ǿ÷ǵġ˵꣬Ҷƽվʩһ
Ҳ룬֪Ѱֹд˴ȴʡ
Ҷ߹ȥʵ磬Ҫȥܾ𣿡
Ҷƽֵһ˫ĿڶԼСʱ͵ģŻˣţ£ȥȥͻء
Ҷǵȵȣж㡣˵ͽҡ
һȥҶƽ־͵չ˺ãҰиˡ
Ҫȥδ
Ҷƽԥһ£ǻڻصү


98 
⻰, ֪Ҷƽֵ˼
ʹû̽йڳʵ飬ǽǸ˵ԼϴεĴɱ, ܲ³š
ϾѾү, ˷, ˵Ѿңĵز, ˻λ, ϳʿõҪĶ
ܰѳʱƳģҲֻлλ
Ƕ, ֤һﲻǹǹҶа취ƹȥģ֪Ҳװ֪
ǰԼӵ׸磬Ȼǵʱ, , ȥС, Ĳ, Ҳܹһӵġ
ҶƽЦЦ֪Լ÷ڸԼ㣬ȻǸм, Ҳĸο, ԽǸж
ֻ, ҶƽѾҪΪ˶ˡ
ʵ֮ǰּ, Ҷƽ־뵽һ, ȻܣǵѪԵϵСҶƽһӣǺ
ǺҶһԼ˴֮ۼˡ
Թ֮߸ȥˣҫһԲԨ
ǵȥĸЩ
Ҷƽûй̺ܽҶɣҲûбҶ֮ǰһֽΪĵ
ˣҶƽֱΪԼǣ޹ңĻȴο
ΪŵҶƽԼҵһλ˼ɾʵǺ¡
ǸΪΪĻµ֮ˣҶƽԽ⡣
ȴûк˵ֻǶ£ȵ˳Ұʱʹż˳ҳأһö˽ӡѣƾȻӦǡңҾãƾıܲѹ
飬ֽ£ͷӦˡ
׻ϣүܳɹȻʱڴƣҲѰȨգȴǸǷǶƶģܳΪʵ֮
Ȼûҹ£ҲȫȻΪΪƢ˵޹أԼСӸովӪһЩɫʵһ
ӣų˲࣬ɵÿҶƽ֣ӳŵס𣿡
ҶƽԲɵ¶˸Ц˵Ҳˣԭ˵ҪһأӾбһ¾ͺ˸߰˰ˣֻĸ
ǿҶƽһۣЩ΢
ҶƽֱȻῴģ˼ֱÿɫ
ֻҶһĶҪչСãȻ࿴ۡ
ɫ죬Ҷƽæʵôˣ
ԥһ£֮ǰ͸һ˵ܰҩ衣
˻һҶƽҲ¶˾ɫ˵
˲ҩĻЩġ
Ҷƽֲɵ⿴ȥȻӺĺȻģģĿһƬɫ
Ҷƽ˵ʲôȴ֣߬ס󣬵¶Ҳûϣұ㲻Ҫˡ
ҶƽȴЩԺɽСҾģûѧҽ
룺ֻ뿪ҶҺҶҶɶԽﲻãܲԣţʱĥģȻҲ˶٣ǰ˵Թ
˻һҶƽֵ˲Ǻ졣
ֻ֪ҶɰúҼˣҶƽֿҶʱѾɫҶƽ־˿֪ҶɾȻôԼСã
ĥĥҶƽɤӵֻ̫ˣǸ
ڲʱ򣬴磬¶֪
Ҷƽֻع΢˶
ֵƥһƽ׵ֻЩҩĻҪܲźá
ҶƽΪȻ֣µĵͷĬĴһ¡
ҵҶ֪ͷѾԼ˸ɣҲûϸ˵ʲôվڱǰʯѿݡ
ʯѿڽ֮Ѿֳһ꣬ҶȻקһЩҲïܣСڵβͿŷïˡ
ҶӺҶҲ
Խ֮ǰ׺ĵطҶԽʺԽԵҲԽС
Ҷ֮ǰõƬҶƽ֣۵˳ʳԡ
ҶƽֵĺɰˣҲ֪ûãҶȴҪôҶƽߡ
ԼҴ統ȻǱ׽ģҶԥקһƬģȥ˸ɰԼӣҶȥ˿ڣ߳ҡ
ѾˣԶĬʱѾһƽͣ
ֻ񱦼׺ͰĽлţϹŬҶע⵽Լ
ҶæȥСĺ󱳣Ҷƽֵ磬㣬ǵպá
ͬһɰҶƽȴϴ֣µĶࡣ
ӹϣ־òףźá
Ҷȴûע⵽ǿ˿棺ѩûͣҪҪٵȵȣ
ҶƽҡҡͷȲˣûܵҲҪܻȥ
ó̬ҶҲͲٵҶƽֵʱ䣬վߣЦŵǴһ·ƽҵ
Ҷƽֱ΢ᣬȴû˵ʩһŤͷ뿪ˡ
ֻߵĲԼͷдëƥ
ⳡѩһֱҹͣ
ȳ̫һƬףǱոˡ
ҶҲܳ͸͸ͷЦŵǸ
վҶ࣬ס֣ţúãҲϢ˵Ѿүһ̻ؾ
ȫͺˡС˲οĿף϶ЩԾԾԣˣԶѩ𣿡
ЦſӦá
ⳡѩһѩһֱůûеڶѩ
ѩµĺѩ׷꣬Ǹ˵ģׯϵ˸һæˡ
µҲûţ̿ȥ˳ҩҲ֮ǰķׯҲΪҾعĽ׾ƶ˿ӯ¡
ҶǸУ̤࿴ͶƷ裬ٲǷֽӣÿ춼̹úܡ
ÿձ֮£˸Լ๫⣬Լˡ
һ㳤ʱҶƽǸӶ粽롣
żõļ飬ҶƽϲıҶԲָԼдţǻϸϸĴ񱦵Ľ
ʱջҶרСһֽҧ˸ӡҶƽּȥ
ǴƹƽԾڽǵϣĸޣȫһ⣬š
񱦾Ÿ±ˣҶƽֽӵʱ֣УΪλӵĸʺĹȵ˷財Żʵ۵治֪ǽŷ辢˵˺εȳ£ʵһĽ乬ó
һֱʮһ£Ҳ죬ҪȥμԺʱ
Ϊ˱ľҪңȥԺһΣĥĥǹ
ʱȫһͳŵģȻû˵ڴĻ¸̫ѹü١
Ūֱðһ·С뿪ġ
ִϱȥȥ˵ۣǩģԻһûдиõģŪ÷һ
ƫƫԼҶҲҰݣ÷Ҳû˰취ֻܸعŪһƽ˲Ǯȥ÷һؼҾ;ؿۡ
ҶǸջȥƽһϴŪЩЦãô࣬ҪŪԸ𣿡
ǻˣſ첲Լҽɰ
Ҷ̧۾ЩĿ˵ãܸеõġ
ǲЩԼӷ˻Ҳ˵ͷҶĶǣЦŵã˵׼˵þá
ҶЦֺǺǵİĺɰˡ
£׼ͷһ£ȴͻȻҶס졣
˶һ٣˳Ҷ۾ȥ
ƼиСӣǽվϣһϻ峺۾ǿ
һӾЩײȥˣһװһֱѹͣʲôʱģ
ˣûƼ𣿡Ҷ˵Żɿ߹ȥϡ
ջ·̾Цˣ˲ϻλƵҶмƽˤһ¼ȲҲУˤˤҲۣЦǺǵҶֱ˵ҶЦ
ЦдȾҶҲɵøЦ񱦵Ŷ˸ס
ȣ񱦻˵ʹչȥҶأ
ҶҲףһ£ҪչʱҶȴ㿪ˣЦеı񱦵أ
վһӣԼӺֶӶĬĬҶߣһ񱦡
񱦸ѧߣš
˼ҵĺӶÿЩȻû꣬ȴѾԼžžવ·ˣҲ˷ԼҲСʱǸϲɤӺģȫ˹񱦻ǰ԰ȣǲޡ
ƫƫʱˣҲޣ֮ǰдΰֿƤȵҶʱŷ֣Ժ㲻һڵˣǷ齻Ǵ·
ҶŲϻһߣԼߵǱߣȻ߻ȥ
һֱЦǺǵģȥֻÿεҶﶼҪһǵߣСŤͷߣ
ȻӲĵϲס
ҲϾϲҲǽԼҶӺԼһ£ɻЩο
񱦱ϾСһˡ
ֱԭϢһƨϣգգ۾һɣ첲ȶ̯ˣú壬ûһԼ˯ˡ
Ⲣͷһ⣬ҶҲ⡣
ŵİ񱦱СָǺñӣҲŵϴ˯ˡ
Ϊܵĵط̫࣬Ҷûþ˯ˣҲû˯
ϣǶһ۾Ϥĺ
ĵǿɰÿҪôһ⣬Ūϰߡ
ŵۼֿͷҶţû˴ȥԼֶӳȥ
Ȼˣ񱦲ú˯ˣǸǺ˱ӣϸϸںˣϴͷ˯ҶӦ֮ǰѸɺãһ̣С˲ξԷĿֽεĲס˯ðȡ
Ҳ۾ǵڶ졣
ƫɽҶҲѵ磬΢һҶ۾
ˣ˵ţҶͷ˸ǡ
С˲ΰͷףЦеĿû๫ء
ǣȴæ§ҶҲһˣⳡܷŰ񣬵׼úð졣
Ҷգգ۾ãһ졣
ϵ˼ǣԺף˹ľţܿϵûȻǾԼʴϻۣȴҲܱ֤ܵС
ţ棬ٲҲ̣ǿĺˣÿµõֵ͢ʳĳʿˡ
֮Ҫһ죬ǺһûУ׼Ļⱻ˵лһ׼ϲ»һϲ£ܹϲµġ
֪Ҷɾ̳ģҶȻƶ״Ԫ֮š
ҲͣתȻϯҲҪ׼һµģͷҪʲô˸ңȥдӣҲȥתתˡ
Ҷǿ֪ܻܲ
ϴʱҶƽ־ûܸϣҶƽȻû˵ܻܲء
ЦЦҪʱţǻǲֹһ˻
Ҷ΢㶣ЦСҲҪ𣿡
ȻҶƥҶƽǣߵأԴдëȹҶȻǡ
Ӧһ뵽С˭ЩЦõĵ˵ǻǻҲҪһġ
ѾϻʵҶƽֶףûεĹأҶƽҲ˹ٽףʹ
ֻ˵³ɲɣҪա
¶ͻȻ͸оһĵץסƣʮָۣܲɷ֡
һͷƼҶ峺ӡ
벻ʲôүģֻԼӣҲ˺ࣺܶôˣ
Ҷͷ׼׼ϡ
峿Ů˵촽ϻûп֬ˬ
ԵģҶʲôûƫƫȴסŮ˵ʲôأ
С˲һĨ޵ЦǷģ㡣
ְЩǷǮġ
Ҷһ£죺ǮӡȴûЦеİԼקק
ǸѶţҲŹǮĻᡣ
ɲôգȴһϤĺ
һ£ӦҶѾ˴ʡ
ͿСֶѾվСԱ߱ŵľͷˣǡ
ֺǺǵĿǣһ﷢


99 
Ҷס, ˾ʶԼҶӵһο˵
ֻͿЦֶ, ˵ˣ
ѰҶǻ, Ҳ, ֻ⺢ӲҲ, ͸ϵú, һֱûڡ
ͻȻٵôһɤӵͷصһ
ǸˣЦǺǵĿڣף

Ҷ
, ȴʶضһۡ
˵ʲô˵ʲô֮ǰҶ϶ģ˵ףƽʱҶ, δζ˵, Сȥ, ѧˡ
˵, ˵ùŶԣʶһҶͲ֪ôˡ
, Ҷ, ıԹ㡣
ҲľӦˣԶԶ, ҡ
ôһ, ոյЩʧ, ˼ææȥһ춼ڽ˵ϡ
ջ˵ĺǺܺģһ¾ó԰ڣ֮ǰ񱦸ջ·ҲˣȻʡҲǼҪߡ
ڻ˵ҶܻĳֶʱͿСһ顣
û죬ܰѼ˵ĳƺǸţʱеĲ̫׼
󣡡۰Ͱ͵ĿϵӣСϣ۾
ҡҡͷ롣
񱦱˱죬Եֺţܵܣ
롣
ҶһԣСָ֬ԣŤͷ񱦵
Сֱͦ˱
ѵιˣȴЩεĿҶ㲻üסˡ
ҶǶžͿ֬ԣ֮ǰ˵ĺܿ˵ѾܺˣҪ̣๫ҲҪˡ
û˵ͿƵվ
⺢ǸӣѰǹɣǰҲչ˹СǰǱģ˾ЦͿޣȴ¶
ȴСҶҶСȣĺǾĻס
Ҷæ֬ӣǰСϣִӣ˵ι񱦡
С޳Ե𣬸ոСüͷҲɿ˸߸˵Ц
Щ⣺ڳԵģ
ҶȻҲûСӣ˼洿Щ񱦵뷨
С˲һιһ߶ܵŲԣ´κúιͻẰأ
ȴţҵĶӣܲΪһڳԵľô
ɵڶιһСС͡䣬ûƢ
˵ǻ˵ȴǻ˱ҪʱļֶʱֺǺǵģž;Ǹϲӡ
ֹ˼գɿڼŷŰҶҲҪʼ׼񱦵硣
ֻǾʱϢ
ݱگԭɥ꣬ڼ䲻ɼȢô죬ٹ԰ֹһ֡дʩʣɥΪգպ󣬰ǵӱһվɡ
һڱжȨ֮ҲҪı·վһһµµõôЩҴ˵ҪЩԽģֻæĽŲŵء
ϵĹҲҪУ±»ʵɱӺ
Ƕͨնԣ̵ֻʵ£һӦԵȴûдӰ졣
չɥվɣҪ̫ĿŵҡҲˡ
ȹЩʱյʱ͹˹ɥһǽ֮ǰ׼ϯ࣬ҲûҺ졣
ҶҲдȴѵͷ֮Ķˣֻ˲ʮˡ
Խ𣬱ҶҲԽ棬ȻС˲˵ʶ˴ΪһͶһ죬˼Ҽϲµʱ򶼻ԼôԼϲȻҲҪǡ
ֻС˲ûԼдȥ
һҲ˲٣֮ǰҶ࣬ѾҶ߰ͷˣֻȻЩҵȻԸɩɩдɩɩΪʲôдأ
Ҷ䣬ֱӵ̫󡣡
дһˣҪдֲֻ˯ˡ
Ȼɲ֪仰ʲô˼ǹľòҪ̽йڶɩκ顣
Ȼд־д֡
ĥīȡֽʣҶѾдõŬķֱԲ壬һдһߵˣɩɩ˵ôµ۵ǻ֮չӿƣܿţܽſˡ
ҶȻ֪ʲô˼֪Ǽ¡
Цŵ»ʵ۵ȻǸƢġ
һЦֻҶ˵˵Ͼ߻ʵԶģ˭֪ǵ˭أ
Ҷ֪
Ҷƽ־רŵϢ˵Ƕһ˳ڳﱸǻձ´ݸѸ¡
˭ʵ۶С˲˵ûʲôҪģҶƽ˵ֻҪǻͻĻ¾ͻᶨףϲ¡
ָϸÿֶҪ˶㲻ԼɩɩӣҲܸãԼҶϷ飬ҪСģֻʮҲҪһӲŻдá
ҶǽҷºСسţȥϵӡ
ҵѶǴͬһӶģϴ£ײһΣû¶ݣ֪Ҷ̺ƹδζڡ
ҶţƹԳӴϵЦݷạ̃㿴ĺӣǺܺôģҪƣȡһƥǿָǿ֯ȾܹǴã˵컨׹
Ҷƣٴѵģһֱڽ̵ţҲƳЩӵĺû
ȻûƹĴôеޣҲǺġ
һԵСؼҶ⣬㿪ڵҼȥǱߵȣֻ˺ǿϵıȻֻȥȡˡ
СظҶʱ䳤ˣСҲⶮý˹أ˵а۵ġ
ƹӦһϲصȥˡ
˸ۣи˵ĽУϲɫ
Ҷӣ²٣ֻҪ˺õĲϣܻ˳һЩȥԼ๫ѡ
˭֪ҶɵǸԼɾġ
ƹĥţһȥҶ𣬶Ҳܶ׬㡣
ҶǵһԵĲţСȷ£첽ߵһȥҶ˱Ȳ裬ҶЦŽӹҪȣȴ洫졣
ҶЩ졣
ʵѰȥ￴ģԼֱ١
ѰţȥҩҶϣȥĻģǹֿӣҲЩóԺģѣҼﶨв÷ȥǲѴ
㣬ҲֻҶڶԼ
һΣƺġ
Ҷվߵ˴ߣƿ˴ӣ󣬴һߺȣʥʵ££ӿƣɣ
ʶǰƵġ
ϴΪ߹شݴ£»ʵǻϲ¡
ʵ»ʵҪǻ¶ѾʲôˣȻϻʵѾݱô»ʵǻǱȻ
ѰչעǺĺô
ҶмӿƣŻȥһܽſˡ
ɾʱҶͻȻж
ջĿ⣬ߵ˲ҵſǰͷơ
㿴ƹĴӹ̨Сųվſڣͨһڵϣ˫ָ߾٣ߺƵһһĸߣŸʵ⡣
Сһʶ˰벽
Ҷգ۾ͻȻһĻе졣
ɲ룬洫˼ٵĽŲ
󣬱ӵڴ𣺡̣ҵˣүȥ
Ҷص˴ʵôңʲô¶ôˣ
æصǵģСүڷúúõģ̲õġҶүˣڼء


100 
ҶҶƽֻ, ׼ȥ
ԭڹлʶƵƹվСܸȥ϶Ц, мұȥ, ӸȥҲ¿ɺã
ҶҲãʡʱʡú, ﻹ˾䣺鷳𣿡
鷳鷳, ϸȥŶԡ
, ƹȻҪϴЦ￪, Ҳͬǳĸһ, Ǯˮһ㣬Ӳģ˵, ǰͷӶóȥҶѡ, ġ
Ҷ˼ôڣ㲻ƴǣͷӦ¡
, ȹ, ɫһֱỺ, ͶŶׯ
һӣ˵Ŀ⣬С˲ξͲٶżӣЩеĶСصȥӣѳϿЩ
СӦÿ˵˼䡣
һ·ۣƽʱ˰ʱ͸ϻҡ
һǰҶƼҶƽ֡
Ҷһҿ˿ɩɩأû𣿡
ȻҶƽֺͻѾף⻹ͷһҶɩɩ
ٸ׳ĺ˵ǶЩɬģҶҴɲɵһھǣ¶ܳģƺΪתƻ⣬Ҷƽó˸ӣҴ
Ҷ߹ȥӹӣŶҶƽһ񣺡簲á
ƺҶͷһôĸҶƽּҶƽæվҲ˶Ļһ
ºҶƽֱ֮òô֣Щھñ˰ݾǰݱˣǶҪˣҺ˹١
ŲյҶƽ֣翴ŵͦϲٵģ
ҶƽָˬĻصȻ٣Ҫ٣ȻضǹپĵطСˣһľҪ鷳úܡ
һ㶣ǡ
⵹ͷ˵Ϊ˲ģԼλ˸ҲǸڲͬˡ
ҶǴ˻͸ԼĺӣƼ˺üͷװȫǻ䡣
ȫǽɵģžǽӲ
һԵСؿλϴμ̣־𶧣һӽ𲭣ȻǲǮĺܡ
Ҷƽ²յЩӣȷʵЩͬˡ
̧̧۾ӱ֪֪ȤС뿪վſš
Ҷƽֽŵʥϵǻ㰲ȣԭʺǷģȻʼݱѡԾˣʥʵ£Ի̫֮ᣬѾ̫ƽࡣ
ҶЩûʲôд
ͬһЩöλԶûô˳졣
ӱƹı޻á
ǶӺӱУʺҪ˵ֻΪʵã˵ͨġ
һ򲽽Ǹ˶Ķ
ʹ˾ƽ˳ǰеϰƽ˵·
пة࣬Ҳпǹ˭ǰѶ˻λ
Щ룬Ϸֺ¶
վ߻ʵԶ﷢ʲôûʲôϵλվǺһ׮ԵĺϵûУҲǰ롣
ҶЦʵ磬λҪס
Ҷƽҡҡͷ̫õģﻹҪҪѡۡĶֻ࣬׼뾩ʮ죬ˣҶƽƺͻȻƵģóһǸ񱦵ġ
ԶûиոյĺӾ£ɫĲϱԵЩëߣžùġ
ҶƽֵԭͷиӵģܺÿֻĴæ·ϰѺӼˣĶãֺҪҾʹŴˡ
ֽӹһߴһߵǴ׼𣿡
ҶƽЦЦʥϸģ˵ʥСʱ򻹴ء

֮ùͻʵǲ֪ʲô顣
ҶƽֵӱˣҲʥϵģҲõĶ
˻һԼָڳ
ҶҲЩȣС˲Ȼǰ·ңҲ֪ʵǺܴġ
Ҳ˵壬๫˵ܴܴǾǺܴܴ
Ķôòˣ
ҶɵùƼһö
쾫£ʽ鶯滹и룬ѰҪһЩſɰĺܡ
Ҷ˻Σÿ
ҶƽЦŵţʥģҾÿҪˡ
ѳպãõ֮ҪлģСŲʵ˲֪ôлˡ
ʱͷСܽҴҵģϴЦݣȴŬѹ˵ʲô
ԣݣүϲү˰ף
ϢһԼֱһ£ζûع
һֱҶЯԺӣŻҶϲ˵ͲҪ˵Ǹһˡ
ҶҲпҸ˵ʲôСԪģʲô˼
ϸϸĽ͸
Ѱƾ٣Ϊʿͷ֮˿ƿż
ҪõͷΣҪȴԡԡԺԡ
УͷаףףͽСԪ
õСԪͷģӸĳûһֶֻĳ
г˱£ȱһɵġ
ҶԲɵõǴϲ¡
ЩʵЦ⣬ͷǣϲ£ڲܴףȻﶨҪˮϯ޲ֵȫ¶֪
˵ĲţϾԼȷʵǸʣͬʱҲһͷһš
Ǵϲ£ֻѾʮ˴ˡ
ֵܴҲãʡҡǼȷʵǹˣõ͵Щźá
˵ţ˸ոҶƽִĳ
ó˲룬ŵҶϡ
ҶŤͷȥ񱦴ϡ
ȴһѣϻɡ
ҶЩ⣺񱦴𣿡
ЦЦ֮Ǻúĺãⶫڹؼʱܱƽġ
С˲գգ۾ƽ飿
ԣƽˡ
ϾƽܾȻǳʵĶʵʵܾģóǵٵĶҪݡ
Ҳ֪㣬ŰѳǣȻǸʲôСʱӦþ˵˵ֻҪⶫڣҾͶһ㱣ϡ
ֻǴ˸ʵǸһŶ裬Ǽլƽ
ţԾЦ
Լ񱦴Ҷиúܡ
˼գ㵽񱦵硣
Ĳͬʶ˳ԸҲˣֻҲҡȴѾˡ
˵иǸүž۱Ƶģʲôʲô׬Ǯ˵תȻôô˳
ԽԽףܹǸְ޲ܿ졣
ʱƽ˾ûһ˿һĶҶ֪ϲ¡
ҵһҲѾ˰ۣľŶˡ
ҶҶɩȥѧʱ·棬ɵö˶ٽŲǱơ
ҶɩһѣʲôˣߣȥҪ㡣
ҶǸߣһһ߻ͷ
ȳӣҶʵǹùüڰϲ£
ҶɩõľҶĺ¶ˣȻҶɲǸǶҶҶɩǰӡûС
ֻ֮ǰ˵ЩҶɩҲ˵
ǰҶƿΪҶɩȫȫΪҶɿǣţŰҶɸҶµĶֻҶŽӳޣԵʲôûС
ҶɩԴҶɺģǰҲˣʲôᡣ
ҶɩȻʼҶ⻰Ҷ˵ҶѾˣ˽ѧ˲٣Ҷɩ˵ԾͲ̸ֻۣʲôùã޳ȥˣҲˣûʲôϵ
ҶȴǿҶɩԥһ»ǵ˵ѪŨˮùùúǺ¡
Ҷһ£ŲҲ˶٣ʲô
ҶҾͦõģùúҲˡ
仰ŪҶɩﷺࡣ
֪Ҷⲻֵĺã˵ĺãҶɩʲôû˵ֻǵú£øҡ
ҶҶɩɫãû˵תʵѾüûˣβȥ𣿡
ҶɩЩӲǳ¶϶ҪҪǮģù
˲ǴպϵĹӡ
ֻǰҶɩӵӹȴӵҩȡ
ÿ춼ʲôû˼úܡ
ȴҲֲ벻ˣ˵Ų룬Ѿû˺ĵ
Ѿܻ˵˴պϹûб·ˡ
ô·ģҶɩԼҲףֻǽ˽Ҷ֣ǰߣҲƵ뿪жҵİ˦
ⳡȴûжپǸϲЦģȴϲ˶࣬͵Ƽôİ˾ֻҶˡ
˶׽ģҲⶺŪŻӣֻ¶˸㱻ȥ˯ˡ
ȴûôøΧסīǸ
ҶļλŮЦĺϲ£죬ŵɶдİȻҲʲô·ģүܳԻˣûȥԼҺͷ£ҲմմүҲǺõġ
ҶƽǺͨһȺȲ裬ԳԲˣŸֺǣƾ˭Ҳ֪ѾƷ١
ȵϱɢҶƽֱҪ뿪ˡ
ҶѾ񱦺˯ˣ֪ҶƽҪߣʵôô
ҶƽЦſԼӣǸոպھƣ΢΢Щ죬ŵǾĺܣæҪҹظϣҪһ󳯻֮ǰȥġ
Ҷɵקקڣסļ£˼ǵӾܿȥʱͻʱǻҪȥء
Ҷƽ⻰ɵȻȻҪСú÷ȥġ
ҶŵͷҶƽֵǴһ·Сġ
ģһġ
ǵȥȻذɡ
㡣˵꣬Ҷż⣬Ĵ˸ǡ
ÿÿֿʱ֮£СغӶֲˡ
Ҷƽ֣ؿһ۾Щ
ȵǣ߳Ҵţ쵽ӿڵʱҶƽͻȻ̾
ɵؿôˣ
ҶƽҡҡͷŲ⣺ǣ÷֮ǰ㲻˵ǰ֮֮𣿿뾩ǰ˵˵ȴһȭ

㱼ǵԼƺ⻰ڲҶƽ֣Ȼһɵǻûף׺ͺˡ
Ҷƽ룬¶˻Ȼɫԭˡ
һƶȻ
Ҷƽֲ뿪ԶȥӰĬĬţϣ´μʱҶƽܰ¶˰ɡ


101 
ûڼ̫ñ㶯Ժ
Ѿ, Ϊ׼ȥҪѧ, βҸҵԺ, ֮ǰԺķӾټġ
, ӴŲôľ
֣ټµ۵ǻҪӿƣԭһελڵڶİپһΣܿͿԲμ, Ȼϼ˺ܴڴ
Ȼ, ӲָøԪ, ֻܿѧԺĸˡ
ʱ, ѧԺ˸˵¶ֻҪȥ, ѧȻﲻ
ڸĺô, ʵǸԼĺô
ֻεԺڵĵطǰԶЩ, ϲģרŴׯӵĵ軧˸Ըȵĺ, ˼, ȥͯ
˼ͱСЩŶغʵ, ĸĸ׶, ףƹ֮ϲŰȥ, ˼չʳӡ
˼ĵﵹǺԼҶȥֲ, үźźôѧ, ܺùʳԡ
ڴɵ֮°оŵϡ
þ̵̽·ʯӴ˲ٵط
ʵ̱Ȳӣһط˴ϲȥֺŵĵطĳ־ررˣȻĿ
ȰѾƼصķׯջҵľʹ˵
ҾúõıǱ˵ҺƣԼĽ׾ơ
׾Ľ׶ԭ滹ţֻ֣Ҳ⣬Ҳˣ׾ŵֱ˵ӡˢĹݸ壬ԭǱڼͳһԺõʱ
־Ƶļ۸ͬ;ܻкл
ͬǣЩطʳ㣬ǮͲھˮģ׾úá
ЩطƶЩǮҲ٣۸ҺƸܻӭ
ռһЩϢһʱ䣬Ȼ־ƵͬȥӣܺùһĨڡ
ҲҾ̳ڶӵͶ·ʯĵطȥׯε꣬ƶĵطǿҩ̹ϵܹ꣬ġ
̴þϸ鲻ۣҲܳһЩֻҪʱС
ֻҵľۣƿͣҲһЩ˵졣
ι½鷿Ϊ¶ү³һֱңҪǵƷӡ
˱ʿĸ³ң
ιæǳǶ³ңҼǸûµģӶûʲôϢȴиھﵱֱѧʿ岮ƽʱֱѧʿҲʳҲ˭֪Ȼǵķӡ
΢ü⡣
ֱѧʿǸƷ٣λϵĶʲô
³Ǳңɼʹϵ׽ֻҪմ״ʵľͶӦԡ
ɵÿι£ǿʲô𣿡
ιҡͷ⵹ûУǼ˱޲޵£Ҳûʲôģ򲻵ֻǱ䣬Ҳûȥ߶
ǲȥŵģ˼ɻľ˳£ǣһȫȡǲȻһʰǵľǸٵˡ˵ţ΢٣ţ£̫£ˣǷʲô
ιȴȻģү˼пɽƷء
£пɽУ
ι˵һ㶣ʲôɽܱƷٻԼүĪǺԼ˰ɡ
ûаѻˣתι˵ˣȥҶһɳȥ
ҶõɳʱϵԺ
ʱˣ۳űҶȥЩ̿Աʱ֮衣
ȥʱרŴ񱦣СǺʱȻ̫ʱСһܸӦҺܰЦЦʱ۾ɰúܡ
Ϻϲ壬С񱦲֪ǲΪҺܺóԣҲϲϿģһһĸԽ׽
Ͼͱ񱦲֣۾ǿҶ̿ĲϺõİ̿Ȼȥǩ˾ˡУǰЩʱׯͷţˣţɱҸʹǱ߶Ϻõ⡣
̿⣬ҶԴĳ˸⣺̹ӳԣ
ϾͲµҶһǳԣ˷ɣϾţѵãҶĻϱЦҲãʱ򣬸öЩ˵ţ϶ӵȻҲҸһ飬ǵгɱƬԺҲ⡣
̸˵Ӧһʺ⣬˶ҲܷһڣȻǺġ
ѧ˵ʱˣཱུС֣⡣
ǵСӣ㻹СأţҪõС
ҶЦӯӯĵ£ʣˡ
֣ЦǺǵ¶³ļࡣ
񱦣ҲɵЦ
˭Сأţֲý˳ֲôһڣҲȥˡ
ϣҶ֧ͭյȵģʱһžŵζ
Ҷ˾ҲСֱ塣
СƵģƽʱԷͷߣмˣ棬СһҶ
Ϊͭ¿̵ҶͰ񱦷ŵԶ˵
ǷŵԶˣζȴסžͶˡ
Ҷ߳ͲԵģǾӲͲ
ΪСӵ񱦣ҲϰԼҵƢҲֻ֣Ҷȡ
ڼ̿ĵĵɴ۾Ҷͬеļơ
վſڱԼӺʹֶһ޶ˮ۾ƣЩǸΣպι˵˵ˣǵȾ˰ɡ
ҶǰЦеĵͦõģٲҾҪ˰ѹӴȥ鷿ˡ
˵ԼӴǿЦġ
ǶҶ޵ЦʶҶû˵ٻ
С˲ǺһԼĵӸպЩɲڡ֮ǰ꣬ԺæںòɿЩˣĳ˯Ҫźá
ͷ֪ҶΪԼãȻвӦ
Ҷŵ㿴񱦣˳Ծ˯һԺü٣ְ֡

Īã仰Сʱ˵ǸΪʡ
ɿԼҶӣ̶¶˸Ц⿪ʣָв
Ƣܺã۾ȻŹӲš
Ϊ˸Լ⵽̣ŵҶ
ҶҲ˴ȥ
ѾǸھҪθܵĲˣȻ飬Ҳĺͳɡ
ֻķȻ󣬺ܿͱˣʣµʱǸҶвˣҶ˺ӶֻܵⴵȻιԼˡ
ǰҶԲôֻԼʱҶ͸ϲֵԼá
Īá
ţⲻܶԣеҲࡣ
˼Ƭ࣬ĳ˺һЩ߲ˣʣµĲȥСõû񱦳ԡ
Сӻ֪ȣ˳˳ҶߵãСֶչɵİ˸СӰϣʵʵţͷҶ
ҶЦ񱦵С
ոιι񱦡
С˲ףҨһõ࣬˴촽¶ȣ¶Ⱥ˲ŵݸ񱦳ԡ
񱦵Ҳģֵģ͵Ҷ˵ݸſڡ
ȳһڣͽŵһڣ۰Ͱ͵ģ˭ܱ
ȵֶ࣬Ҷ֣񱦡
Ҷȴֻ֣ʲô
˫۾ĺҶһģһɾͨ͸峺ף˯
ҶͱȥһԵ᷿˯Ǻô׾˯ŵģСҪҪҶһԿţֻԼҶԲģʲôȤҶ֡
ôһڣС˲θոճԵĶƺˡ
ǵ񱦲˵ʱӽҶһ۾Ͷˣ𻨸⣿
š˵ţӷŵҶֱߣһСֶӣ۾Ѿˣ̫ˡ
˯˯˳ԣ˵СʱǸƶҪСһ㶼һ
Ҷȴ񱦵ĵĺ󱳺˯Ц⣺£񱦴
⺢ϲճҶûʲôᷢĵ㣬ɵʵôģ
Ҷ˿𻨸Ž棺ǳԵĶǵÿɿˡ

ʱ˯ŵ۾ҶϵĸСһ£Գԡ
Ҷǰѹ𻨸ٵĸ˵Сú˯ԣ𻨸š
Сֱ۾ţ𻨸⡭
Ҷԣ㿴һ⡣
ƣⲻһ˵ͼסô
ȴʲôɸ˵ģǹĿģԼҶԶǲˣ
ҲûַҪӳΪ׳־ģһֱԵúܣҲͲ鱾
Ҷһ񱦺ˣӺ೤˯ӹţ뿪᷿صԼԷ
ϳЩţ⣬ǻĶټʱȷʵ࣬Ҳۣž˯ˣ˺һӣС˲Ҳúܡ
һԣ˶Է˼ʾһҹ֣ȵҲŽ
˵ڶϣҶģȥѾ˯˵񱦱СضЩҶȥʱſ˱мӡ
֪鵽ʱԼץġ
Ҷæȥ˴ƿװҩſá
ûӦʶĵҽᡣ
ҶԣֱӰϵ⣺Ҹҩ
ôһᣬŸоЩ̴̵ۡ
Ҳ뵽Ļƣ㲻ٶ˵ʲôԼǰҲûʲôöŵģûû鶼ʶˣԹԵſˡ
ҶǲţñС˰ɫҩ˵˴ָ࿪ģСͲޣ˶޵ģ˵С˲ûסһ£ץˣô
Ϊſţ˵Щƣû
Ҷɵһ£۶֪ô
ŤͷҸ׳ӡӵʱҲû˵а
⻰һҶҩƿס죺˵Щأѧȥô죿
סЦſУҲ˵ˣȻͷ˵ʱ˵
һЦ˭֪ҶʹӦЩⷺ졣
ʵϸԼǰ˵еЦնӦԼϣûòԼӵġ
Ϻҩȥϴͷ£ʱƼҶ˾ǰݸһüɡ
Ѿ˼ĳˣ̹ȥӹϵ죬΢΢ͷһ߸Ҷ軭ԶɽüһʵҪţ
Ҷ΢۾յĽҲԾط᣺ȥʯͷҲϴξ˵
һߣȥһߣỺ˵ǰ˵ʯͷѾʼټˣ³ΤﻨȻɵЩҲǲġ
ҶɵЦãҵȻЩȥ

ʯͷܱټգɩȻչʾһҴЩ͵ˡ
⻰Ҷ˵е
Ǹϲ԰ڵӣ԰ںӴÿĶϲ顣
Ȼüַ£̧Ҷ°ͶţĵͷλĲ
ҶҲӣ䴽Ц๫˵ãǾͿ϶Ǻõġ
һϱŲŵԴǣû˵˲ȥץϻ
ʱү̣˹˵첻ȥԺˣǰ˿ˣ˳鲻
ҶԱ̽ͷŤͷʵˣ
ȥģѰ˼ҡ
ӵĲ֪˵׵ģ˲ֻŵС˵³
³
ɵü⸽³Ĳ࣬ıǳǶ³ˡ
³ңһҪҵƷôôˣ
³
Ҷʵ๫³˭ң
ҪڻشȴͻȻС񱦶ϵĲϻЦǺǵĿǣſڱ³Τﻨ
Ҷһ£ʶؿ
ƼԼ๫Ѿǳɢȥ΢Եõ飬΢΢ģţȻҡ
Ҷգգ۾Щף˵񱦼Ժˣ𻨸һͼסʱ๫ô˵
ЦҶ񱦳緹ߵ⣬סӣЦɢȥͳȥǰţ˵ʲôʲôңסһֲ©ȥɡ


102 
, Цº͵Ŀǰ³ĸ
³ҵķ, ֮Ů, Ҳоɽġ
ǳ, ϼ޵ңǼ޸³ҡ
Դ³ң͸̻ˣһֱѧʿˣԾ, ߡ
Ҽͻ, ϴȥ, ҲԼŮȥ
˸Ի֮ͷһ档
ü۴Ц, ƽͣδ, ɺã
һж, , űȵࡣҲЦתתϵĽ, ۾еĿϡ
վߵȴԼôõĺ, ֻüë
˵࣬ϵһһ, Ҳ˿̴
, 㲣ԼҷžɫãƶƲ, ˵һ˵Ҳûʲô, λ, ôרſԼʹء
ϵɣûеġ
̧̧֣ϲ裬Цſϣ֪ǰʲô𣿡
ʵôһˣǿ̼֮ңӺùΪɾ׬Ǯ˼ϲŲϡ
رǵܵ׷ԼȴȲϣȻƽϡ
ȻǵƣȻƽ
ֻߵһ£˳ʱүĶ
ңûжӰֻһŮ⿴أǱƼˣֻҲôһˡ
ǿż¶Ц΢΢̧°ͣĲȻֿţǺöɣܽؽ֮ãҲǼõ顣
˻һϵ΢ϾͻָЦݣҼ겻ʮߣûǴҹжʮˣʵǲƥ䡣
õľ˵Ůã˵ίҲʶطŮש˵ˣӲϾʮҲ֪µͣˡֶ˶٣ŬȰ˵³˵ҲҲһҸõģҲδ;ҼҲóǡ
˻һ϶Ųյյʱܺõס۾䵭
֪ǸûӵģӻڹʱϾ;ϵǹʹƫƫԼ֪
û뵽񶼹ȥô꣬ʱףϵûҲǰһ϶˳߹հƵġ
Щʲô߼޵ͼ޵Ļ˵˵ҲͰˣƫƫϾҪЦó˵
֪ȻΪƲԼǵֳ̼ģϲԸ
ԸҪ˵ףⱾ͸Ź졣
Ե飬϶ȻһЦƽϡ
˵Լɵ£ϱ㲻ᵱûֵ飬Ҫ֪ԵɲźӦԡ
ֻǾԲһڴӦġ
ȻƲ³ңǵȥܲʣҪ˵С
յ̵һԣϱȻǸȵҷˣЩͻȻĿǰڸϣû취๫ʹҲڣҪͬźá
Ҳͷûһ˾ͰɣרŶһ䣺Ů»ǲҪŲźã綨±ˡ
ЦŵͷҲпһΪĸĲס
ǵһߣϵ䵭
̲ס治֪һʲôģ˵׻ҫβӱԺСڻҡ
ɫ֪ǸʲôӣûͣģˣûҪֻ벻ͨΪʲô˵¡
Ӳɵÿˣүףвѧģ֮ǰҪǼ˵׵˼ҿǿż³ҪҲɡ
ȴҡҡͷһȻƲ³ң಻ھҲ˵ģ˼ŮȢȷʵǵͼˡһƲ̼˼ңȴҪͬҼףǸӾ֪˵ɵġ
СֹƲʲôҪ˵ɵ˼
վԣ˳ǣ˵̫ţ첻¶˼ģȫ£е㼱С
ϾͲ˵ˡ
Ӽϳ˼ҲͲ˵ʲôͷϻԺӡ
ǰèŵС˵ϣһ·ȥ
ӹȥȴû³⣬Цʵ׿ɻȥˣ
Ӵ˼ͷˡ
ҶԾͱ񱦣ȥ˵˵๫ǵðˣӺá
ϰŵʵҶ˵Ҳ֪ʲôõġ
һӦһһԲĶһ
ҶЦЦű񱦴Сسš
뿪Ͱӽнʵ˵Щʲô
һֲĸ˸ոյĶԻΪ˵ȫӾĶˣϺżĻ涼ûзŹ
ͣü΢
Ӽ״ү³ʵ̫ǹҪүȢŮء
ȴû̿ڣǸԼʢȴȣֻӽ˽ŵ˵̫˵żЩ
޽ΨһĽӴҲ֮ǰ³ҪǿȡԼƷӡ
ǽ𣬲ǽס
Ҫ˵³Ҫ÷ƸȴҲΪ˷ӴϸŮĸŮδЩ̫ĳȥ
һʱЩ벻ͨ͸֪³ҶȻǶǲ֪ʲôء
ӣԥһǸүо仰֪ò˵
˵
ƺԴ֯һԣŵүѧʶʲôҲ֪ȥ˳˼ȻȥҲֻӲź򡭡
̧ۿҪȦӣлֱ˵
΢٣᲻ү³Сã³˵ˣ
˻һҽԾ
ʵ˵⻰ԼҲ̫ţԼүȻѾͲСƽʱ˿ģеҲԼҶүдˣûʱȥǲӼ֮ķ֮¡
ʶӺܿ͸˿ڣүҲһ˵үġ
ǰ̵ü΢壺֪ᣬ³ĿĲʱ˭֪᲻˱ɰʵ
һ㶣ӳһĻ
ѵ˵³Ϊ˽װŮȥ
ףվȥֽʣҸȥһţǼ٣⼸춼ԺС
ȥֽʣЩģүҪǾʵ棬ү᲻룿׼ԣǽŻ
ԣ˵Ҳһʱżȴˣ˵ͷǺãͲʵʵ˵ˡ룬Ҹһʮƪ֣д꣬ʮĻһΣҲûʱԺˡ
ӣ
ͻȻǲǿүһѣ
ϵԺ˵Ҳ¶
ֻ̬Ȳͬû˵³ҵıģֻûм³ҹġ
ҶȻƽʱȥͻ磬ֻӡﲢû³ġ
ͬûʯͷ۾Щɣ³Ҳʲô˼ңû£ƫƫƢ󣬴֮ǰܹǵǺҽףֻԺʱء
Ȼ֪㣬ֻ˼׼̽һ㣬ŷϺҶ֪Ҳٶʡ
ϴЦϵ˵ˣ˵ʯͷѾᱳˣ
ҲЦæ§סԼҶӣʯͷĸΰټ
ʯͷ֮ǰͱ϶֪һ⣬ҲţӷվڵϣԴʱһһεģǮ֣
ммοİǱ˼ʮ֣ˡ
ȵʯͷסʱʱֱסʯͷǧãԭЩżʯͷȫϸˣҲ͸Цϵúܡ
ҶСؽĸ˷ϣʯͷѧúãɩɩȻ˴󹦷ģЩɩɩȥʯͷ˵ʱԡ
ЦŽˣʯͷ
ʯͷ̹Ծĵлл
ֺ־СʯͷѾ˺öģȻ
űţʯͷͷ񱦵һһġ
ɵס죬ܹȥſҶСϣͷ񱦡
񱦽촩˸ɫаŻͷñǿɰ
ʯͷ翴Լ񱦾ЦǺǵĿȥȥʯͷ֣ࣺǮ֣Գԡ
ʯͷһ֪ԼոձģѾȥ˺һû뵽񱦾ȻܼСʯͷɴ۾
ϺͷҲܾȣֻҶ񱦵Ŷֲ֡
⺢ӸոտԼ˸ʯͷˣԣ˵ֻҪء
ҶҲϵһСŵߡ
СһǶһ£ȻԽȥЦеģޡ
ҲϲĺܣһĸαϡţȻʯͷҲס񱦵Цһ塣
ֻʯͷһͬĿ񱦡
Լҵܵ챻ƵĶű鵽ڰɡ
ôõĵܱܵ۸⼤ʯͷ۵ͬģҲչȥ񱦵С֣һһ̾
Ҳס֣ЦǺǵģá
ʯͷǶԼΪñܵܣܵɵģ۸˹ƶ˵
ʯͷһ̵һθоθС
ûע⵽֮ĻҶͷϣҪȥ㣬һȥɣȻʱҲȥתת
ϺҶӦһ棬Ÿɢȥ
Ҷ񱦣ߵú
ղŴǺʯͷˣ̫࣬ЩҶŵʱѾԴҶļͷ۾˯ȥ
ҶСӰסԼֶӹʡ·Ҳ˲١
쵽ԺʱҶƼſӰ
߽Ҷϳι£
ιԣͷͿҶԲ񱦡
ƵóСү˯ˣιԭҪϲҲѹЩϵЦȴβס̣үϲġ
Ҷգգۣʲôϲ
ιԼԼЦſڣض̶̣Ͼͻˡ


103 
̶ڵڶ, Ϊ˱˶Ŀ, ûǻصңҲûǰҵκһҵֱ̣ӵλɽϵԺ
ҶһȥԺӣȥˡ
, Ҷÿ⿴˿Ѹٵİ£ߵαϴʱҪЩûкҶˡ
Լ, ֶץſУԣҶϴεḷ̌ǲΪá
С˲żҲΪϴεԺ, ǶĵϽߣ̿ͣ㶪ȥ, Ƭɽӡ㲻Ϻá
Ҷչȥ, ȴ񱦵СԼ๫֣һ§, һóӸָ, Цӯӯʵô๫ˣԺˡ
ϲ, 𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ, ļ, ϲлвɽĵطġ
ʵС˲֮ǰһֱԼĿǱˣֻǾǽ㲻޳Σ๫кӣгкȵС˲ξ;ɶӣԼԤĿ껹Ҫá
ϰվǺѸıģżҶȥ̤࣬ƼĿʱǻɽּǧʱ⡣
ǧȷʵ̫ˣкģ룬ҶţҲżζһ¾ͺãʱ䳤˿ǻûŵġ
ûѯԵɣֻԼϲɽּɢģº͵ϲԺǳˣ˵ҵûôС˵£Щҡ
Ҷ̧ۿʲô
ɷ߬סҶ֣ɫƽͣȻǴεҡǴδɱû¶˼ȥλֻڵξͲͬˡ
ʲôͬû˵ŵҶʵһֱ
ٵǴ󱦵Ĳǳʣôλĺ˭λʱɣźͳйϵֻҲһ
³֮ǰΰѸϵȻҶƽָӡ£ȫһء
Ȼ촦ǹȵң
û˵ֻǵЦƵ˵˾䣺ҺλˣȻֻҪһ˺һʱ򡣡
ҶҲҶƽֺͻ飬ǣҲԣȢϱҲǲ׵ġ
һֱָ߶˾䣺ϱ
Ҷæĸʡѧȥ˵
Ƕ񱦣ԼҶӵ۰ҲºͣҲˣѧʲôѧҲʡ
Ҷɵؿô
Ҷ˵꣬񱦾׼ʱҧҶŵ̸⣬ӳţĵŤŤȥ
󲻵ҶӦ񱦾ǰһ꣬ſЦ
С˲ҲûƢСƨɣҲ˸ոĻ
񱦣ţ˵񱦺ܹɣȷʵеĴѧʲôܿ졣
ƫƫĺǲ׳ᣬĸýˡ
񱦹ɣҪɻʯͷǶţ鳭鵹ǲȽ̽˵Ҳˡ
Ҷ˫Լһ۾Ǻݲĵġ
ʱͣˡ
˳վڳ߶˰ں˽ŵʣȰ񱦱ݸӽţַҶ
ҶַСϣַʱһ̧ͷľʮ󳵡
С˲һʱЩ㶡
֮ǰ̶֮ǰǸһģʱ˵ҲвټԶڵҪ٣Ҳûô
⵹ҶЩˣ׵飬Ȼῴһʣ๫ôˣ˵ǴŶȥôԽԽʲô
֣ЦźһǰߣỺģ̶ӿɲҪȥģס⽻ףϲǵҲϲǵģͼ߼̶׬Ǯĸ
ҶЩ˼飬ŵͷ
ǼͷŽŵɳȥ̶ҪĵǻｻӵУ˶٣˽Ҷֻ֣лҪ˵š
Ȼల¡
֮ǰԼǮС£ԸеǮΪԼһɽȫӲĿɽ
ãʲһҪԼɽҲʮο
Ҷûôֻ࣬һŴ󳵣ƺҪŰݡ
ǰĵÿģ汻ӱŵȴЩˡ
ȻԼױԼ׵һ֣Ͱˣױģڻ˸Ӳرݵĸ硭

һҶͷƼԼ񱦶֡
Ҷֱ֣첽ȥ񱦱
ҶȺӵлſ񱦣ͷԼıǼ˲СһıǼ⣺ôˣղһɤӣɰ˶Ż֪֪
ЩôľӣһҶסȥЦǺǵſҶͷ֣ɡ
ǣ΢΢ü
ôԼҶӵ׹ԲԣҪٿС
ιˣιȥεĿͻƷҶûиţǴȥԺе᷿Ϣ
ֻҪҶǿĵģʱһ꣬Ҳˣʲôʣƽʱڼǰ첻˵һֵСһһžͿʼʡ
ʲôǸʲôҪѴӷذжһ顣
ҶҲģһĸͣЩ⡣
СطʱЦŵСүء
ҶЦŻصǽˣǰ๫ңֵҽ̱ˡ
СһãȻҶҲ׼͡
ϾС˲δĵʱĿһ˸ܲġ
ʱѾǰˡ
۵˯£˯˲棬СƤڱģûסִһ¡
Ҷʱɾջ֣º͵ĶҶˡ
Ҷ߹һ߹ȥһߵ࣬˼ģ㣬ոôã۲ۣ
ˣȻҪ˵ۡ
Ҷʣʵʵͷۡ
Ҷȥϴֺúõ˽ţʰͣҶȥſš
ڴſã͸оһŤͷͿҶѾϡ
С˲ӣָһµıϣһһߵӺˣҲ̫ۣɲٳȥúϢǡ
ԲɵõͷȴֻͷЦŵн仰Ҳֵõġ
Ҷȴǿϲ᲻ۣո˼ѨλûӦ֪Ĳۡ
ǰһſſıϣֳļҲУˣҪҵֻء
һҶ˻֣Ҳࣿ
ҶӦһЦ
һҶĺ󱳣ʱ仹磬ҰεĽ
ҶȴΪ֪ˣøҵġ
ⲻɣҵĴܼңǮģҵʲôȻҪϲİ˵ţɿҶȥԼĺ齼Ѻӷȥ
ҶҲʵѰЩҪȴӼһ𣿡
ӵĿӱǼĲҵҲҪǮó̶ͷλǮҳǮˣͼûϵġ˵ţҶƣͷεĽơ
Ҷִ˺ӣƿ֮󣬾;ǰЩΡ
۾ŲԶſʲô
Ҷɵס죺ǽӣ
ЦЦ˽ӣбʯǼֵǵĶ˵ţóһԲԲĺɫʯֵᡣ
ҶǮûʲôôһʵǺѲעĿ
ӸǮһ̿ʼҶ²ʹĻȴ֪Щ¶ҪСպõġ
æϵıʯùӻص˺ѺӿϣҪպˣӰ
СģЦˡ
ûмǽӷŵһԣְ齼ŲֱסҶЩǸʼǮ԰ȴܻҪԼδһкܶҪ
Ҷûδʲô뵽֮ǰЩ󳵣ɵõЩװʲô
ӲҲһͷ֮غܱ˵ĶƤҩвԵʳֲ˻һѲľʳסУЩԶⱾ
о仰û˵
ܳϲϣܹε̶ӳУڳ˺ŵġ
Ȼʥ֪£Ͳ̫ܰݣҲҪ
ЩʯճһչЩƤëʳܶ԰Ƣģº׷Ҳֻ֪ҶΪΪ񣬲ԸȻǺõġ
Ҷרע
ɵͣЦӿ
С˲գգ۾ܾã๫˵ЩʱǸÿ
Լôֱ׵ĿޣЩ䷢졣
һǿл˻⣺ǮܲţǮˣĻȥǡ
ҶȴЩãȻ
ֻʮᣬһƱҶȻ֪ô
һӽӺͱʯС˲ξԼʱ̫̣ʵ֪ô죬ֻô
ҶĶֻԼӾǺ˲ͬ
ĴΪ׬ǮֻԼӣǮȴĻڼּҵĺܣͻݲ
룬ʵǣϲʲô
ҶҲ룬ѿڶϲ㡣
ɶ죬ȴһģǻǮĪҪ˵ֻ
ȴϣҶ˵˵¶˵һ֣ɰѳֲסˡ
С˲ȴܹɵĲ˵ˣֻ룬뵽ϵĻҶһͦϲݵġ
ϧȴЦǺãǾ򻨲ݡ
ҶɵקקڣԺӵĻԶ˵ģûطš
ǵͷҶĶͷҵ˼ǣ㲻ǺϲɽϵĻҾͰɽʱ뿴ʲôԡ
ɽ
ɽ
Ҷ㶵Ŀûǣϲ𣿡
ϲġ
ϲ򡣡
ӦģҶı۰ԼŹ촽
Լҽ͵͵Թ𻨸ˡһţһ߼ǡ
ûã򱻴ϨһϤϤ󣬱Ů˴ЩϢƭˣջ˵˵ġ
ӦģǸЦҲ飬ͽйϵģҾͲۡ
ǻҸ󱳣ˡ
ģӾţ۵Ϊȥɺã
ȵڶɽʱҶϣһһߵȥҾҪȥ㣬緹񱦳԰ɡ
šһ
ҶָɵõҪ´๫ɺˣ۵
ҪܾϾ漰ģɲϡ
ͻȻ뵽Ǹ棬ܾĻû˵ھͱ˻ȥ
С˲ΣӦ
Ҷ˵գЩãȻʵ벻Լ๫뵽ʲô
Ȼң΢ϢҶͻѳţϺͷһǰ
³Ͼ΢ü⡣
˳ſȥɵõô𣿡
ҶҲſȥ㿴ԶһһĸŮҲ³ֻİҶǲʶġ
ǵ³ҵĸϣһԼ³ҹˡ


104 
ʵҪǷ˵, ҶѾλ³ҷ˸˵ˡ
Ͼ֮ǰϻǷ, Ŷ̫ҪףȻźɩɩ⣬ҶóɲˣȻȥ
͵, ҶҲǷӦһŻع
ϵ鴮ӵס죬΢΢ƫͷỺĶǵȻ˵ǵ÷ִ, ܲ˵Ͳ˵
ӦˣҶҲӦһ
С˲ξƼѾЦݣ߹Ҳˣˡ
ԭҲڡЦǰ, סϵ֣ȥУҽԭҪҼŮһݵ, û뵽߹, ǻòø
Ц, ǺҶվ, С죺ʲôɰֲ, Ҫɺǲϡˡ
ϵĻСС, ֻҶ
ϸ, ȷʵӣڶ࣬ȴЩ徻
ϻר˸徻ģⶼֻǹΪ֮
Ҷûдǿ˱ŵ³߹
³߹Ų̫ˣڶϵʱɬģ̸ֹҲйأЩҹģ
ֻ³߹ֻȴûиϺҶ
ϳԲ󣬿ȴǸƢ˼ҲͲ˵ԹԵظҶҲ͸ŷһְ
ȴûзЩЦϵҲԵ֣ȻǺȿڲɺãȪȪˮһݳĲҲǸ𡣡
ЦŵͷǷֱͬɽ·ɽ
ȵȷԷԼʱ򣬷ϲüͷôȷǻͬ£
Եƽͺࣺܶ˼ҵûиϵϻǿҶأ
Ҷû뵽ϻԼգգ۾ŻصҪ׼ԣ๫ÿдʮƪ֣Ǻæġ
Ͼɺ֣ܳһʱûΪʲôԼСÿҪдʮƪ֡
һߣȴ־ڱصãȻӦĺ£˭᲻أ
ȿں߹Ŷۼҹﲻ̫ˡ
ϳǣİɣ֪ءڿɶΪ˸ڳ˵ҸǱߵɣҲǳ£񣬴ȢǮϣɩɩǸҵŮûи檵ĵ
ǹƲҡ
ӵ˵ǣȻ̼˼ңӳҵɻǲģãҲҵŮ
ӵ˵ͷѹøͣϴԺץСүʱǸԺ֪ˣ³ҵô죿
Ҳɵ¶һ뵽ͷۡ
ȴƽˣҲѡеҡǼССˣҪٳ;ҪиЯУǼиɽ֪ҲҪ˼δǰű¡
⻰Խ˵ԽţһʼͲһܾ
֮ԶңΪ³ѿգԴöȶҪӵģȴѾտճŲ˶á
³ķˣ㣬ƫƫûжӣֻһŮıҲûа취ƾձǮ
³ҶҵľƷӣǶɣԽĥԽʽԼŮ˼ҡ
ţǰŮ޹ȥɵ˸ٳɽ³ҿԴǱҪӵ浱ƸգŮҲ˺Ҵɵĳ£һĺ顣
ɵ棬ϴûϹ
㣬˾Ժͷʯǰڶ
ҶͰںõĲߣ֪Լɩɩ˵û³ĸŮбȻҲôȫ׼
³߹ﲢǰڣǻᣬܴЩư
ĲѧĵǲģһˮЩĿ϶˵ͷ
ȵ׼÷Ĳ豭ݸʱһξ΢΢һΡ
Ҷۼַֿסһս룬һַֻסı۰򣬰վӣеĲҲûȥ
³߹￴Ҷһۣĵл
Ҷȴû̻񣬶ü΢ȵɿʱŻһ¡
Ͻӹ豭һڣֺ˵Щ׻ǻУֻҪ漰ɵĻ綼ϸ˻ȥ
ҶԵЩĬһֱϱ˻صϣҶûô˵
ϲɵãʲôأ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿ϣֿϣȴû˵ʲô˿춹Ž
һЦǶˣҶƣЩɣȻȥٺúó
Ҷ˵ͷһ顣
ңԼԺӵСĶ
ѾߺܵˣǴ̵Ĺι¶Ȳġ
ģһҲø첲ᡣ
һֱǿܵģһˣӵնǺﶼϲãү˵Ľ࣡
ȴû̫ྪȣ˵뵽̶ӵ󣺡Щˮ֬㲻ƷͳǼ۱ȻƽĶ
ͷϿѰǮӵ֬ʮᶼҪ̫׬
ƽѰ̶ϲҶЩȻǺ÷ģҲ׻иͲֵǮˡЩ֬ˮȴͬľϻװţ׿۸񶨵ö߶Ȼķᡣ
ЩӶһһͷ
һᣬ΢̣ոǧǮûݣȴ¶Цݣѵõǣ̶ӳţֻ˼δ˶Ժͺˡ
Ѱ̶ӳžǲȫû
̶ȥȴܾȫǱӱץ˻ܵþȣԺҪ̶ӣ˻ڶöࡣ
е棬ȻԴԴ
̸µʱиȴˡ
񱦰СЩ˵ӵϵĲϻ
ǸƢҲԼԼҲҵȤԱ˻Լʱ񱦾ͻ᲻ˡ
ȻСȴҲܳԣ֪Լˣһ׶Ҷãȴûκá
ѡԼŬȡע
Сߵ£ɻĿУһѱסСȣཱུСŬץĿȡ
ֽŲõҪȥ
ƫƫ˰Сֳཱུģĥ˰쾹Ȼ˿

һʱ䣬֪ôˣҪǰƿԼֶӵģҪǲȥ
ʱЩ
ӹȥƣͷү̻ˡ
æһѱԭ̤񱦳ȥ
ҶżֽͬϷһʱģͷװĶǴӷʢիĸ㣬Ҷûʲôϵġ
񱦳ʱҶæ˼ǿţϽȥͷ
ƼҶ֣ŴŴĺ
˭˶ҶҲ⡣
ӹ񱦣˵ߣ۾ȴǿġ
ᣬ֪Լл˵ҲżȺҶһһ󣬵ȵ˯ˣŵ뿪ңǰ¡
ϵֽ滹Ⱥģ˸ȵĴƼһԲš
˸ÿĵݸҶС˲Ҳ֣Ǿҧһڡ
ŴƤըִ֥࣬мɵڶŴҧһڱ㣬Ͽڡ
ҧһڣҶϵӡ˿Цŵ
ǾҶӡҲҧһڣʣµž˻Σھˡ
ʵСЦӱ˵úЦƫƫ鵽ֻǴһ𶼾Ȥô㲻úЦЦҲС˲ΰĻЦ۾
ΪţŪҶȹӣֻ΢΢֣һֻҶģͷҪζĽ촽ʲôζġ
֮ǰҶѾֱӣյһڣ嵭壬и¶˵
ѵҶôһ˵ͷϵŷŵһԣһӲһã˵Һúš
Ͷ࣬ǲɾģҶȥ˷ϴ֣ϴ˲ŵ๫ҽȥ㣬³߹
˲֣Ե³ҵżúܡ
Ҷ˿ŵ˲裬˵ͦõģǡ
ʲô
๫ʵһ
⣬ϾԼԺӵҩĻӾܾˣоȥҩҲûʲôϡġ
Ҷס֣Сһ³߹ƺѾˣһࡣ
˻һüͷ
Ҷû̸ϣΪС˲βΪʲô˺ӻҪˣ벻׵ǻ๫ġ
ͬһʼ϶³ҲģҶĻ֮ǰһֱģģĴֽڱˡ
Ҷ죬ɵõ⺢˭ģ
˱˭ĶɵģʱҪ˵ĺãֻ³߹ĵҲ֪ôӡ
֪ˣ򲻻⺢¡
ɲǸӣǰѱ
˵һ仰ĬҶɵҪҪ
ǵͷһЦãﵣģ¶ʲô³Ǳе˱ż
ҶİԺûȥ롣
ȥļգҶѧ˹£ϾҪɽˣׯӣȻҪиҶġ
Ϣ˳ȥΧ³Ҹ˸¥
С˲ûЩֻ˱ѧ棬ӵҲ÷ɿ졣
һֱ£Ҷѧ˸ţҲƬɽׯ԰ĵԼӣԼ˸ʱһȥ
ǳʱҶȴַҲ˳š
ɵ๫ɩȥδ
ỺϷ
С˲Щ棺֮ǰһΣҸƣ󶮣εĺÿ𣿡
Ҷָ⣬΢̣ÿǺÿģֻǶĿǲȥĺá
ҶЩϧĿŷϵ뿪ȥɽϿԺӡ
ڵĴˣһһӻҧźߵӵɵϢ׼𣿡
׼ǸĲ¥үѾˣﶢţ˵³߹ﳣ¥Զһ԰ӣҴɴδζȥ֮ǰϹһ󣬿ڲֿ֪ʼˡ
ֱЦɵ׻һǵȥ³ҵӣ𣿡
ӻصˣ˵³˻ֻ³߹żз纮˳š
ã³ǸϲϲҼȥȲ裬Ҳǻĺ⡣


105 
ɽϵԺӺܴ, Ҷ˵Ļľеġ
м仹һСϪ, Ҷ֣һһߵԴʯţͷ˻ơ
ҶЦӦ, ͬһ԰
԰Ӻܴ󣬽ɽϣԱ߻ӣһ۶ͷ
һ, Ϫ߼˽Ϣ
⽻Ǵ齣һֿ۵ӣʱ˴ѣľԺӴ, һʱ䲻꣬иϢҲǺõġ
Ҷã۾Ϫˮ, Цס֣ܺ, ϲģԺľǵ𣿡
Ǵӻóһŵ, , Ȼǵģһһľǵġ
ʵ֮ǰ˵Ҫɽʱ, Ҷûʲôġ
, еƼԺ, Ҷžøˡ
ǵúʰһҲãϱߵƬյøԣͷ̶ӻʱʹǰŵʱ˵һ׼õߣ´Ҫ㣬տѧ
ˣôûҡҶקڡ
Ц߬סָ⣬ЦŵһЩϸ¶ûʲôȤģһҪŹȥʱдһһȥˡ
Ҷû׷ʣͽǰߡ
ʵҶƽ֮żûͣ¹
֮ǰΪδȣҶƽҲ֪Լǰ;Σͳ磬ֻǵʱİżĹȥǼ顣
µ۵ǻҶƽҲվ˽ŸͳдŹ
֮ǰϵһ֮д޴³ҵ飬ʵ̽һҵĿɽοο
οǾôʹô
ǲοǾСֻҶ˵³߹еʱҪֻǵ˼
ҶƽֵĻ׵ĸһǰΪҪ
Լ˾䣬ٷ磬漰ٹԱλ³ģҪŲŲ
ʵûἰй³ҵ˼Ҷƽ˵ĿܲµıԼܵһֱûиɵĹע
һʱҲ벻ףԼܱʵ۶Ŷ鵽ǸǻǱͷһݶ
ֱѧʿɲΪ֮±ԣǱǣܹ飬Լһɡ
һֱӵţһֱ죬ҶƽֵˣŰδ䵽ϡ
ּȻǲ
³ңҪԺҪӦ˲źã۱룬һʼûˡ
ȻǴ˿Լ˼棬ûиǱȫĵ
̼ˣּˣ³ˡ
˿ͷЦŵɩǱߵϷѾʼˡ
ҶԣҲ뿴
ǵȹǰϷﳪûɺã
ҿˣ๫㵽ʱ򽲸ɡ
á
һߣЩƲķеֻһǻŭ
Թˡ
˶³ҵ˻첻߲˭ǣȥҪһӣΪǺ;մ״ʣ˵ģҪҵһû취
Ĺٻ˼ףɲɵĶи³̣ȻǿȢǿ޵
ƫƫ³ҷҪ˴ϸŰŮǷϻ۵ĶǶϵҵĲҵƫƫ˼Ҿǲƣ˵ôţŪϲ²ȥ
ûûйٻݣǷŵﶼռˡ
ϱһϣһȣ³⼱оЩʱϵȲˣȻұˡ
˭֪һҪǰ˵˭ҪףֻԼ֪
˵ʣ³ҶȻģʱԿĻԼҡ
ˣӵɡ
³ˣåûޣˣϲͷƤ顣
֮ǰ˵˲£Ȼ˵ţѾ˳㣬ͷ
ˣֻ»Ҫ¶Ƿϲͬ׼˷ǸάԸ򵥵ģȻƽʱСۣԸֱֱȥӲµġ
ýֻͣҪ֤ԼţϾܳͷ
һ˵ԼҲԽɵҪǼֵܵΨһһƾٵģȻҪСĺǻܱ³ҵ˸ˡ
ټϷ֪³߹УǾ³ҷˡ
ǽף۸ǿɵԴֲݣ
ˣȻҪɰѲݰθɾС
ǷҧгݣʱȴһƬ絭ᣬʱЦݣ³˰ãôû߹
ⷬ任Ƿ˷ϲپó
ʱϵЦҲʮС
ֳ̼ңڷ治Ϊ˸ŮڳֱұƵü˲ץҲ֣ƫû˵Ҳܲϳ˱ɢЩŴǱ֣˭֪ԺﲻţҲû취
ϴЦ˿ҲǵҼҹȾ˷纮ڼء
ǺЯ˲¥һ¥һߵҪúţĪҪ˷磬۳žҪˣЩ˲ǣȻʱƲˡ
ⷽϹȻССģ֪֣ϴЦ㼪ԡ
¥ȴյģǳûˡ
Ͽ˷ϣô徻
ЦЦţǰģҵĲҵȻô徻ô徻
﷽ȴ徲ϷݣҲЩ
⻰˵֣Զٲôֳ治ˡ
ûϸ룬ͷ˸ߵλ
ŷĲѰŷϵˣߵӡ
ȥͳţſڵʹ˸ɫ
ǣոջͻȻø飬ק³ҵȥԾƣرˬҪ͡
׶ֵµģͳԾȻû˭ԸܾĴ˶Ѷ
ǶЦȻǳԲĵطҲǼõģ˲
ϰŵĵģǣЦŵŲ֮ǰʱҼһ˾λ˵һҲ˵ϵߵýδҲ˵ϻ
ϴЦȴ֪ľ㡣
ҪΪҲҸԼԴֲԻ
ڷЩסʱĳһ
ŰͣܿЩ졣
ɵ÷еĿӣȵⲻϴ𣿷ˣһҪ
ϲɵ̽ͷȥɫ΢䡣
˾ͿǼ߹˲¥ڲԶһԺǰͣˣһź۵ˣƲŮҲΣܿľͽԺӡ
˲ʶ߹裬ȻܿС
ǾԼŮŮ
ﰵֻŮǳԼŵʱųŻɣ֮ǰԼĶֻȫɾˡ
Ҳƣֻܵ˰ɣҼҵĿɲһֻƶѡ
ϵҲ˵ʲôͷǽ˵ֻܽż
ʵʽЩŵģͷظ飬Ȼպ֧ŵȴģԵ㶫Ҳ׳
һԵţһԲȴ룬ֻԺҪһʱ䲻ˡ
רעԣϵ۾ȴ⿴
ǧ󣬿ԸΥ
ȿԼҵһܳҲͣԺʱ̲ס˱ɫϵĿӡ
סˣָ΢ͷߵʹ˸ɫ
Ҳ֪ԼСҴ֮ĳ£ȻиϢ¥ȥ׼ڷϷ֮ǰ˰˾غòС
ǵȥƼԼҴͼӶģҵĻ쵽һҲһѵģ
ӿչһѾͰץסˣϽǵ˿УһԾƣ˴ռһ԰ɡ
Ҳ
ͱȥֱż˵ˡ
¥ϣЦŶŲ裬һһ˵Ż۾ȴͷƣż
ûһȴƼԺӺð̣
̺ܴʲôƵġ
ԼҶɰԺӺΧǽʪ񣬹̣ȴ
ϣһĴ㵣ôˣ
ϸ۲죬ȻܿóݵĹͷһ㶼ʵ
Ǵ˿ϵ˼ǸСԺ˹ȥǰ㲻ϵ˼
æվӰ²ôöûаק
Щģ˻𣬰ԼŮҵֶӸˡ
ţ˵ʡĶۣ˻ɾ
˼ʱ򣬷ȴѾڵȥȻ𣬸Ͻģȥ㣡
һ⻰Ȼһһס˷ϣ⡭ȥ˰ɡ
һǴؿһʤ߼ôãˣι̺ܽŮء
ϣ
Īľ÷仰е̣ǲ˵ѾӴ¥ݡ
ϼææĸȥǹżʱûע⵽ԼһʣҲӰ
ǴȥΧԺӣ˿ųȥˡ
ΧѾвΧֵۣ٣ž˵ģ˹æΧ۵İæÿ÷ϴȽȥ
ȵѬЩԺ߹קʱϱɴ۾ʵô£
ѾЩңȴǿ򶨵˵ҵֶǴСƣΡҲΪ˾Ȼ𡭡
˵Լţ˭֪ȴƵģĵ߹ʺ治ףŷ纮ҪֻܶҪصģ˵ţŤͷУ߹ƣĪҪѬʲôźá
Щ£ⷽϳôУ
Ϸ£߹ȴѡ
еǲ֪ģ߹ﱾ˵ҪԼңֻҪף֪ҲȻʱ򶪵Ҳ档
ھԲܱҳ
Ҳܡ
ŵˣ裬ȥ˷ϸƵк˹ȥ
һһҵļס߹ǿסˡ
³߹ľܾȴ벻ɣֲˡ
ǹȥ߹΢΢۾ȴû˵ȥ˿ɣŻȥ
ϲ֪飬Ȼûоš
߹Ѿ̱˵ϣǱѬˣЩԺڻ֪ϦǺϦء
ǹеˣ
Цŵ£ֻͻȻѬЩ־壬΢һ±ãֻλ︹̥£Ҫʱ򣬻Ҫɷ²źá
˻һһƬֻż
Ŀɿڴʵǲ֪ôһ磬ʶļУ˵
СҽɫɣϷδϴĪҪϷźá
˵Ѿ˳
Ѿ˺һˣͷȻûκ棺ֲôżףԭ˼Ȼʲô̼Ȩ󣬵ô˼ңҼɶѧף֪ǶˣȻ⵽ϷŪĸŮʵǷգ
Ҫһӳġ
˶ԣԿӣɣ֮ӣľɵҲ֮ǽҲ
ϣ
ӿŷϣͻȻΪʲôүԼҴ¶ˡ
秵ڲͬ
ʹˣʵ˴һ١ֻǳʱϸϸֻǶݺݵصһۣŤͷߡ
ҴҲ˸ɾֻ϶ϱѬֿ޻˵ŮһԵ²ʡɡ
Ļ֪Լ뷨ӳ
ʱ򣬱ȶӲܹ϶ȥĶˣأ˶Ķȥˣ
սսصҵĹˣվվס
һ㶣Դģʵû⣬ֻ̼̫ȥ˸򣬸Ǯսͣܰѳϻȥ
ϵսľĻؼң벻߹ֻ¶᲻ִִôͷ
һԵӼţæˣµģǾл̣ңİɣ˲̸ˣﻹ࿴˼ҵġ
ȴšü˭Ҫ۵Ķ֪ʹ
߹ŵֱޣһ仰˵
ϲ֪ǲǰοԼԹԵ˵ģ²ɣ뷨ӶҵƷӣǸҪףǾͽ𣬱ֲˡԣˣǵ죬ȻҺŮû·ˡ
߶˼ʲôȴҴ磬ֻܵͷȴҲһӣµҲó
Ȼص³ңȥ߹ͻȥһӵĻ׼һһ״ԼŮ˵
ɸһţͿ³ҵļ岮ڣɫÿ
һ£Ϊ¶һ¡
³Ҽȴһ̾ЩȻĵղžŶ˵ֱѧʿ˱ְǲԭˡ


106 
һӾɵˡ
ʱ, ʵѾ˺ܶӦ֮, ܹʲôӣҪסҵ죬ҪүŹĸŮ
ĺܺãŮͷȻǲµ, ŮҪס
Ȼû£ǵŮˣڼһǲҿڣȻٸŮҺ˼ҲǿԵġ
˵, ³ҼҴҵ˳Ȼúһ˵ġ
ڣĶˣոȫ˿ա
, ֱ̱˵ϣ۾ЩãȻүôء, Ĵ˿Ʒ, ô˵Ͱ
³ȻСһǻ첻ߵӣ᲻ס¶, һ岮׻֪ˡ
⻰ԺͲҪ˵, θ˻Σ˲ٹԱ, ǰɳ, Ҳ֮ǰĻʺǴֻǱԭǳ, Ѿǿ⿪
⻰֪Ѿûתء
ɵ÷ɫˢףΪԼû˿ɽҲûв˵ı£ŵ³ҳһտӻӣȻûˣ
Ǯ˵أŵ棬Щûˡ
϶ԣЩʵʱǣҪڣۼտӵ³ҺӱؿԶ
λߵһԼİѱֻҪ³Ҵ˶ְٰ鱻֪ǽ顭ֻ¾ֽŻ𣬰ֶڲסġ
³ҼҲϵ˵ղŻ˵Ϊ³ҵδģϵı־Щˡ
ɵվʵղŶԳȥĶˣ
ͣ˵Լȥ˷ϣȴ˵Լ๫ȥȷŪĴ˵Լֻǳȥߣϵĳȥʲôأ
³Ҽ̿ߵӡ
ӱӾͲ󣬸ղֱ׽ֳŪԽţֻǱһ۾ŵſ˵ϡ
³ҼƶԼšüͷڵ³ҿɲʲôˣҲϣǺ˽ȥȥʲôʱ˵ʵʲôʱͣ
Żˣæүү˵ȫ˵
̱һԣ㶵Ӻг㶵Ŀ³岮ǻȻգ۾³Ҽ۾
³ҼԼһѪں䶼졣
Ůýϣ֣Ҫң˵׽˼顭
ˣˣ
⻰ûһ˹ȥ
ңȴһƬƽ˾
ǰɽϵĵõϣֵ飬Ҳǳ׵׵ĽɽԼĲҵ
Ҷ˺һӲŽԼСŵݣʵɽ̫󣬹˼춼û꣬۳Ҫ£ɽϷһұɽæ顣
һ㣬С˲α֮ĵͷ֮ǰǧʱ㲻ʲôǶҶ˵ֵꡣ
ҸǣԺ󻹻кܶ꣬һ뵽ҶͿƲסЦ
С˲ϵԺԲ裬ϼԼԼЦɵʵʲô¶𣿡
Ҷԣ̧ͷ˿ϣɻش𣺡ֻӺã๫ҺãҲܺã;øˡ
ϲɵס촽ЦֱӰЩó˵˲࣬еĿǲУƫƫԼҶϱ˵ʵ⣬˶ϲ
˵һ׮飺ҽ绹˸ϲ¶
Ҷԣ˷ϣʲô
ԲԲϴЩأС˵³Ǹɽ¶ְΪ򷢻ˡ
ҶԲɵգգ۾һ³߹Ǹ³ң
ԣǼҡ
⵹ҶԲãԴϴ³߹к˵ᴦ£С˲δǸģԼ๫˵ֱӰԺ
ǷҶɾˡ
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һǲԵ̫࣬Ϊ˲⣬˺һӣί͡
³ҵĿɽƷ٣Ҫ³ҪƣԼҿֲʲôˡ
³ҵĿɽˣϲŲΪʲô군أֻ֪³Щܴǵȥˡ
÷ԼĻ˵ĸŮھԹҶ֦Ҳϧ
ֻֿ룬ϲ˵ڣΪ߻ǳϷȥֵԼԼź͵Ӧȫ֪ġ
ΪɩǱģԵ飬ȥ˵飬±˲֪Լĺ£ǷϲҪĸǰԡ
ʹˣֹǸӣҪŵǾͲˡ
ԷϵĿֻͦģŬԼҪЦ̫˵ĶԣۼȷʵǺ£׼ԣû³ҵľɶȻԺúöƿ
ϵͷЦſ˿ϣֿ˿Ҷȴû˵³ҵ£ת˸⣺֮ǰýȦʯͷһһˣûȥԡ
˸̹ŵϣƿ˺첼
һһСȦģΪҪںӵĲϲû̫֣̫ѹޣοв˿õļãҲǲ˵ġ
һ۾ҶҲȦĿ˹ȥ
ЦŵʯͷģС񱦵ģϲ𣿡
ϺҶֹȥȦԣ˶ͷ
תתϵķ飬º͵УʱҪûᣬû³ʲôϷϲģȥдҾˡ
Ҷ֮ǰ˵ҪϷģ⻰֪˵ģҶȻ뿴Ϸ̫ö֣㿴˷ϣɩɩɣҶԵġ
ҲûѣЦŵȻǹ꣬ǾͳЩֵģϷϱõġ
ЦЦͬ˵˼䣬˱ǻȥˡ
뿪ϱСãϣȴûҲûľ㣬ֻǾתϵķ顣
˻裬³ĳˣ
վһԵӻصǣˣˣʲô֪λֱѧʿȷȷʵʵˣ³Ҫû¶Ҳڰ߹һСӾ̧ҵ˹檡
ԣɵ΢
ʵϺ飬϶֪
ΪԼͬȥʱ򣬾͵ڸԼ㡣
ͷβ϶֪ġ
οһֱţЩϸ֦ĩ벻Ҳϲϡ
һֱûв֣ҲûѯʣӲģΪԼҶӣûʮİգǲˤֵġ
ֻԼľŬţϼԼҶϱݺ⣬Ҳֵù֪
ȻѾ䶨ϱ˼䣺³߹ĺӻ𣿡
⵹ڲڵҲʲôΨһŮ檣ֻⱲӶҪߵòҳš΢΢һ٣ЩϧǱ³ңүϾʺ񣬲ûа֮ǰȻְܻŷĳ±֪ˣﻹڣ
ϵǸƽдģ¶ʣʲôûմ˾ǵȳ˦ġƲ˸ɾûǣɣõĽ
ۼʶϵģЩ߷߲ƽ㲻𣿡
΢Źǡ
˵ġ
֮ǰΪΪ˵¶ÿ˵һξһΡ
ΪҪӣһֽķʽ
ˣϵŮ³߹ȥϵĶɵ˹檣ϾԼһʱ䲻ÿˣϾĵĵط
תϵķ飬ϣӲĥˡҺҵϱǺõģһźֲѵá
Ͽ޵ҶԡͰƵԼԼꡣ
ˮģԽĶ䡣
ɶȻһ飬ƹ磬øԼҽһЩõ顣
ȴǺŶ⣬סԼĴϣ򣬷ŷ齼ϵż
ҶƽִӾмļ飬ȴԵø֣£ŵʱÿֶá
Ϊ棬ûзҶѾԡͰ˺£ߵ
һֱҶˮֱϣŻع
Ťͷ˾ͶҶ˫ӯӯ粨۾
ѾУ溮˰̿ůúܡ
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С˲ȴ˫۳γ๫ʲôأ
ĶֺҪԼСӱȴֻ˼ùһԹŵĲϣҶɺãҸͷĪҪ˺
ҶԣԹԵɵϣⲻһθͷС˲Լ๫ԼĲ÷˿
ĶỺҲϸ¡
ԴҶǶԴ䱦Ƶģֻǲʪͷÿһ¶ᣬκһ
Ҷ۾Щĵҿ˿նһţʵڸţҶǵֻڸҶƽдʱŻֽ
˵ͷһ۹ҶķһߵźҪҪòС
ʲô¶𣿡
ţҪ翴ҲҪϿġԴҶӲҲһ̶λǮ֮ǰı߷ˣ̶ӻˣջķᣬұҪȥǮҪҪ
ֻ仰ֱʳʣǻҶƽ֡
֮ͨǰļͨŽҶƽ֪ʲô߳ʣԼ˭һġ
ҶЩ⣺Ȼõģ᲻Ҫ𣿡
ЦЦͻⲻһֻүǮҶȻҪǵǷ˵˵εǮҪˣǼҾǰ϶Ļ̣Ǵ£ȻҪõġ
Ҷ˵ͷЩҶûܹûٶʡ
оҶͷˣѲŵһԣתҶͷƿӣϵһЩһ˴꣬ȵͿĨҶķ˿ϣָԼӵͷƤꡣ
ǺģҶ۾΢΢
֮ǰʼôҶѧ˾͸ÿζҶЦ
ǽŵһҪλ͵㶫ȥ֮ǰԼõĵͼҴӦģЩʳл񡣡
Ҷɵðͷ
̶ӴĶ٣ƤвҩбʯصȴЩӡ
ӵֳʲôû֪ܳԵģҳÿ죬ֳһ
ȴҪͳȥǷݺǳʰ˴æҶɵʵлʲô
΢䣺лǽ˸鷳ûæȻҪӱлźá˶٣ͷٰϰôָȥҲ⿴ġ
ʵͷβֻǸλ³˹ٷ粻ҪʰˣĲûж˵仰ȴҪ
Ҷעȴ๫֮ǰǾȹǸϣæΪʲôֱ˵أ
С˲ε߼ܼ򵥣ΪҪص
йжбֱˡ
ȴ͵Ƕж٣֮ȻأЮͼ֮˶û³οǵƢٺҲǾֱ֮öҪЮ϶ֻеԼæٸжرϵܳá
Ҷţÿֶƴһȴס
˼ȻרעѧˣǺѧġ
С˲βɵõ๫ѣҲ
ǵ˵ͷҶ촽ϣЦŵ£Ҷá
Ҷ΢΢̧ӣҧҧ촽棺๫á
ȴûмǣĥһſ
Ҷȥ̿Աߵţͷ˲˯
ҶԹԵĵͷӦˣͿûԼһ𿾻
תȥ齼ϵֽͱīûصǰ£˼ĺдš
С˲°Ϳü۴Ц
ʵҶʲôʱǼÿġ
ʱվˣҶרעʱӢ
üۣǴϸĻȣܹһһġ
Ҫһףһⷺ죬٣ҲС˲εһȤ
֪ԼһЩ֮£Ȼʮֿء
Ȼָܵõ֮ıӻЩϵܱûϵĺãҪպÿ仰Լеʵ˼мµС
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󣬲ӦҶСܵǰֱϡ
ⷬ仯ʵЩֲʶķסԼӵĺˤȴҶ§ø
Ҷϣŷ͵Ĺ㣬趹㣬ΪոտҶ϶ůģ磬С˲Цӯӯİֱ۹˵ļ̌
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ҶĲչȥ°ͣ񱦸˯
˻һҶ˼
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๫дˣϴӦ๫ˣ۵ԼҲģ֮С˲ξǱУ˳ɹ
Ҷ̽̽ӣȡһ顣
⣬Ǳĸֵ顣
Ҷָ˵ϸңնһҳתȥƣҵˣ๫Ȼǲ۵ģžУ
ҶȴûеĻӦɻİǰʱͿԼ๫Ǵɰ
ҶæᣬҪ๫ôˣ
ȴҶĸ첲һקԼϡ
˾Լ룬߶ǾԼЩѧģ̡
Ҷ˿佱Цü䡣
󣬱ɳƣӲߴͽ̡
ð
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ʿ꣬һü޵ǮΪβҪҪȻҪھȥ߶ɣһӶٵĸ


107 
ʵһ, ֱǡֿ˿, εĵͼӣһ޶Ҫ
ɴľͰˣҶƽҲЩȡ
ȻҶƽǸ佫, Ҳ̫ͨǸڳôãû߶ʲôٲ֮Ļ
Լӵ˻ʵ, ȴǸƽͷϰգǳɲ
Ҷƽֻʲô˵ʲô˵ģ̱ȭֵ÷
˻һϾЦ, üЩΡ
ϲҶƽֵģûиͳеĹԱҲԶ, ˸ֱ, ֳΪ
ÿϲġ
ҶƽҲֱ̫, ʱ˵΢ˡ
ҶƽִĦʵ˼, ˣƽ, ޿ûйɵ˼, ҪЩʳֻҪһ, ǾڹĴ¡
Ҷƽָոֵֹ÷л¡
˺ˣҲ÷÷ˣӣٹһ꣬޵÷ˡ
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ʵҲûôڰֱˣԼһӴֳ˵š
ȳʵϵĵʱŪŻƿ
ʲɵʵʲôŲƷ֡
м黨Ȼ޲ĵ¼ζܰ㡣Ц˼ӣȥϴ֣ſ첽ȥӭ˳ʣҲûͨһ
һסϵֻ֣ŵһˣЦŽţ£֮仹ôིʲôУ֮ǰ˵õģ˽๫ǣˡ
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Ȼ๫ΪǰԳơҡ
һգʱ٣ʱٽҲ
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ùһչһЦˣɵ־ܶ࣬Ҳѧġ
ʵͷЩοдĺԺȻҲɶٵĺãͷҲҪһ¶ɺúöɵѧҵǣǸмصĺӣԺúȻǲĹҶ
ϳ
ɵĿƾ֮·ǳŵģ˵ͬ·ʵȴóһ·
СԪڹֺ˺һҲ⡣
Ǿһ껨ʢŵʱοС
ֻҲóʲϲȻҲڻؾǰΪҶɿȫ
ʵ˱裬ЦȻ๫Ҷɣβ볯Ϊ٣Ȼƾ࣬ӰҲͨټǾٵøְҲΪЧ
סϵҡҡͷﲻ֪Ҷӵֻ棬ɴδݷףǿƿǾ٣ֻҪܵһ׽ʿͲ٣Ҫŵģǵס
Цſ๫ʺ񡣡
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ҶƽֵĻżȥҵʱظҲΪ˹׼š
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ҶƽֵĻһֱϲŵÿղ𿪡
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ȥǿһֱҪ飬ֻһֱ׼δʵʩ
ϾصѰĳ̸ͬڣƷܣвǻˡ
Ҷƽվ˽ŸҲҵ˸ĲٴĿɽǿھ￪ӡ
ЩҶ˽ⲻ࣬һֱκξҶ˫֧֡
ҲǸӣֽһԲȥ˻еˣͰľͷСϣԼţ߻صǰ
Ҳú˭г㣬ҶҶƽֵʱ¶˾ģʱãܸȥԡ
Ҷգգ۾ҪöǮ
ԼĪǧᡣ
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ӹЦɲֹǧᡣ
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һ㶣ͷһϵƱ
ǧپʮᣬĿصķֺ
ЩȵĿҶôǵ
Ҷڰϻȥԣһϰһص๫ҹǮȻҪϸϸļǵòܰ㰡֮ǰҵЩ˱ҶأƵĿҲˡ
Щ٣֮ǰɽػǮҶϻֿһ롣
С˲βۣȥ๫׬ûʲôġ
ԽԽĿԽԽ࣬С˲ÿ춼Ҫ·ġ
վԭأҶû˵
ʵദ꣬Ҳ֪ԼӵƢǸðģʵϽϲıǳ˯ƢǺһģӿ̳ģЩ飬ֻҪǽҪ֮£Ҷùѧ
ѧ֣Ϊ˿ҽѧҩ䣬Ȼӡ
ܼЩҩĻҲΪãЩﶼס
û뵽ǣҶĿܱ
ǸĿģЩ˲᲻ʲôɼסӲû£ֻ˿๦
ԵɣոҶ˵Ҫ⻰ǵΪ˰ѼǮƸҶ黨źģҶȥĹˣܼǵס
ֻΪǾԼҽķЩȤϡ
Ҷ°ѱ̺õס˴壬ŷһֱûпڡ
ЩĪĻͷɲȿ˾ͱӱ󱧽ˡ
Ҷǰڴϣôһ§ʧƽ⣬ڴϹһš
С˲ξһͷηԼСϵ֣ɵֱģ๫ʲô
˰°ͷľѣЦ⣺˵ллġ
ֱ˵ˣǸոˤԼô죿
ģϴ˵Ӳұ˰Ӷ˲Ȼǲġ
Ҷԣ뵽ϴоʱıѺ顣
Ǽɬ¶С˲ȴɵӣͷǺ˲٣๫á
ͲµҶô˵ĵ˻ֹסЦס
ڵСŤͷȥƼԼҵһ𣬲֪ʲôء
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Ҷһƿ̽Ӱ񱦱۾ȴǿ
ڸðֶӱȥģȶҶʱ㶣ĵͷ
񱦻ȻЦǺǵ֣׼͵һϷ
Ҷİ˴ϣ˸ϻһֱˣ˯ʱ㽻Сؽȥ˸᷿
СﱧŲϻʱһ
ѰǱҶ˯ģȴ˲ϻСһȻܸоͬ
ӲģҲˡ
мΣʱѵģ񱦻ίĲ˵
ף㡭
ȵڶʱҶĻֻΧϤķ䣬ĳ
۾ҿ˿Ƽ˱ԼҶ񱦿ĵĺһͿ۾ԼһСֶա
ǸӣȻ˯ҲЦݣӸ硣
ŻӵĶϴЦ񱦿Żء
Ҷ񱦵Сιˮι˼˵ƺ׺ŵһɣﵽɽôҲҪһʱһҲʡķơ
ϱ㽫ӷŵϣҲϺ󣬻̹ȥֱſϣšܵܡģ׽
ǿֱЦŻӣ·ĴĹóԼϲĲ򣬸һ档
ӴĺãҲǿĵġ
ӵʱףŲųֶնյģֻΪӲˬԵʣСЩ̫ϲ
ȴǸС̫Ƶĺӣúöָ飬Сʹ
һ˵ǶҵСүܺһԶ˵ҲǺ¡
ֻǶβסĺ档
ҶһԼ˵ҪȥɽϿ԰ӣҲ˵˶һ԰ӣɽϣط˶ûȥģҶһ˵ȥϾʹӦȴ֪ȥʲô
СԱֻţʡĺǱ
ϵ˿У۾㿴ҶɽʲôҪҰæģ
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ȻܾǳڶԶҵأǳ˵Ľ飬˶϶ġ
ʱԭƽнͻȻͣˡ
Ҷʵ£
ϳĳͷ̣ǣͷƺˣ˰·ǲҪȵȣ
Ҷû˵ֻǱ߿ϵá
Ҳչȥֻһ۱ƿɣǱҺǮңմǵһ̯㿪ĺá
ãƿɡ˵꣬߶ʱҶſ˶ϣôˣ
ʣ˾
ǸƢύ˲ٺլˣǴһϷƷ裬˵ıǸ֮¡
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¶Ҫһͬ˼ϴյҶߣæúܣû˵ʵﶼˣ˵³߹̧ҵ˹檺Ǹǿ޿Ǯϲ֪ʲôһҪûˣǮָûء


108 
Ҷ⻰, һǲȥ񱦵Ķϡ
һ£ʲô
ҶСҼѧѧ, ˵ʲôܼЩ黹Ǳĺá
ȻС˲β̫ʲôǮҵ, Ҳ֪Ƕʲô¶ǲֵĶȻǺ¡
ƫƫԼѧ, Ҳ飬ȥһǲá
ǰûЩҶ˵ҲʶƽԺӳ˹̻ܽҪע, ЩСССһ, ǿ˵鶼ѧȥ
ǶҲְѻӱ, ȴûҶôţֱӰѻӵԴסˡ
Щ⧲ֱſ˶ϻ
Сһ΢˶, Լȡ˸ĵطʵʵſŴ, ɡ
ϱŵ³߹֪ɣϴα˵ץ˼³߹֮ǰһ̧⸮˹檣⸮ԺͲðһСһֵġ
ҶЩȣ㶼֪
Լһӵĺ, ЦЦլ֮±ס, Ѿͷ, С˳, ô۾ô죬ܲ͸ģ񶫼ңǵ軧Ů﹤ǿûҼҵҩ̸͸磬ʲô紵ݶ˶֪ġ
Ҷǰû˵˵ֻ춼ѧ֪ʶͷ
һԵСؼԼ̸֤̣ҺӸͶأʲô˵ġ
ҶЦķȻ֪ĺá
ǿСص񶫼ҵԽԽĺܶҲҪСչ˺㣬ҲҪһУиҪģҲ֪
С̵ͷŻȥȥӶѧѧ
ǽŵ˵Ķˡˣ³߹ﲻôŪĸ϶ȥסûãǮϾͲˣǮϰס̫ã֡
˵Ҳ³߹ë
Ѱ˼ȢСģ̼˼ңǮֲ̫˼ǮȢûš
檻ǹ檣űɷǲܷġ
檱ޣҪȥ£Ҫɷſԡ
³Ѿǰ˵Ϊصģ³߹ĸŶҳû˸³߹ôǰ˼ûС
ҲǮɵƽ׵ȥ΢ֶεӣֻʰˡ
ֻҲǮ϶³߹֮ǰǮɴֳ̬ү׵ϯ˵е飬ûУ˳ЦͿ֮ǰЩ֪Ǹ಻ġ
ĸΪ˼ᣬ˵Ͷҵķﶷ죬ϱԴģլҲ֡
ֻǺЩûͬҶ˵ֻǵ³߹ûͶүйϵ̫ˣ֮ǰҲ֪˭Ͻץ˼飬˼¡
Ҷ֪׳٣Ҳŵͷԣ治
ģҶûȥֻ
Ȼ³Ҳ׼ӲңǾûϵİˣС˲ζ˵ǲĵģҲ£ˡ
˾ͷſ˸ԻСֶգȥһԵˣˣιһЩ޻Ͳﱣµ࣬·ϵҲ졣
ȴǳ˰ղɽ԰ʱ򣬾ƼҶںͶվһԱվ԰ӵӡ
߽ʱıӵỌ̇̄Ļݶģֻ޷ɻǲҪŲĺá
󣬾Ҷɤ𣺡ãˮмҩĶȻҪڴ˴źõġ
ӵЦŻص̿²ֵķӣҵȶЩģ̺ͶʳûЩ¶˵Ķûġ
⻰üͷ⻰˵ģҪԼðˣǰԼˣ
ȴȻЦŻӦ⻰˵ĿɾˣǼϼһֻǶЩЩҪŲľһ˿˵ģĲǮǲ٣ֻ֪̳
һ֪ȰʵûҶ¶
Ҳǳ£ֵϺŪӣϸԸ̵ģֻ¾ͱǺŪˡ
Щƹ򽻵Ҳʶֻ۵ġ
ֻЩݣһ־ǮԺٲ˿۵¶
ҲһҪһ˵ɣҪھ̵ŪѾò˿УȻʱɽΪҶ
ǽģƢֺܵи˳ǡ
¶ǸģׯӺûϵֻԼĲҵϾлҲû˵ġ
ŹȥԼӳɲҶٴ𣺡֮ǰҿĵʱǼ˵
ӵĵǣ̣Ƕߵˡ
ҶȻƽͣǾ˵๫԰ӵʱŰҲˣ𣿡
ǡ
Ǻã㲻ҵģǾͰ㻻ˣˣٻһǡ
˻һΧʱͰ
ЩµĿҶõȴҶȻ顣
С˲βֻ֪࣬Ȼ๫µģǾ๫˵͸Ǿ
˼⣬
Щ˻˵ĺͲҶֻǵĲͬ
ҶҪƬطҩŲãǲҪˣҶ˵ⱾûʲôҪ
ǼɵۣԶվŵȴЦ
ǰôˣԼӽ٣ȴԼ⣬ĻԵ˭
еȻϵģҪûûĴμ¹
˹ȥһƼЩѾһأȴ˭û˵ƺûҶĻع
æ뿪ģҲڰûڣֻҪ¶̵Ƣ˭뵽ôһСӾȻǸ壬ײһ£ֱͷѪ˱Ҳ
ȴֻƳһۣ˵ʲôڿҶʱϲ
ҶͷЦŻصǼҩģҺʹҪҸõĵط֣ҵˡ
ãģЩߵߣƲߵ˾ǡ
һԵĶ⻰ɵüһ
ϴζҶүƺҲô˵ԺЩݲݾͶƽˣ԰ҩĻ
˿ԼҶҺͽ۵ڶ˿˥ˣͷɵúͽѧѧ֮
Щ˵ʲôҶȥƣʣµҴãȻȥ֮ǰס᷿㡣
á
ҶͶϼ˺˹µӼȻô˵ˣǾͽ⼸ӴȥŰۡ
µıһǶŵĮʲô˵ֻܵͷӦǡ
ʵûûֻǰ˴ˣѾǸʺЩӶײңҲǻá
ֻǣµĺֻ֪ΪǶײ˶̾ͱ̶һ¡
µİֵµ£ԺҪ̵ŲźáҪȾ˳
벻ǺȥҪ̲ˣǾǶ飬Լš
Ҷȴ֪ԼŶ԰ߣʱ򣬶Ĳ࣬ϾͱŻɽȥˡ
ʵԭߵôǶˣԼûҪռŵط֪֪Ȥ뿪ˡ
Ҷǻ᷿ԳЩ񱦵ͷ˯
Сǳʱ򣬾
Ҷ֮ǰѾ˯ˣ˯ż˯ʱ仹
ֻЩҶҲ۵ˣҲ˲ʱŬСŷŻ˶ȸʱ˹ȥȸߡ
ʵѾСغϰߵ¶ˣǵһŵӾҶһֱô罺ᣬҲ͹ˣûʲôġ
԰ţȴĥζԽСĽ
һҶֱ˯˰΢˻Ҫȥˡ
ڳС˲ΰ˸ӣѴ԰óĵĶźãСؿЩ񱦣ֱһŵĳһʵ鶼æô
ͷˣһЩͽι£Ҳ¶ĵġ
Ҷָ֣ڣЩЩǵöЩѣȥԺҰǸëñӸóǵô
Ǹë׵
ЦЦˣ͵ͷҶơ
ҶЩɻĿԼüĻ䣬ǲǻˣ
ɲַ£͸оĶͷ˸ǣ᣺ǵû㣬Ǻѹ
⻰˵ʵ⡣
ҶĵһҶ۶ҲΪ˽ӲԵʻ
˵ǰô纮ǺҶ׺Ӿůˡ
ҶҪһУһС
ڶ庮ֻҪܺҶһ;̹
Ҷǿ֣̹ϵĵͷǣ๫ҩ๫Ȼù
⻰С˲˵ʵ⡣
һֱΪŬúڣߵڣҶȻԼĹĨ
ֻҶֽŵû๫Ҳѹġ˵ǹģԼù˾Լģûϵ๫ҺãҶ๫ãǵӲźá
ͷ˫ɾʱ֪ҶĻҲֻҶ˼ȻĲŻͨ͸뷨
˵ףĺþԼģôأ
õ£ܺùӹš
սֱۣЦŵԣ˵ĶԼˡ֮ͷСҶߵ񱦺ͻĺãȻؼҰʯͷҲǻȥ¿ɺã
ðǲҪŪ̫úܡ
Уӵġ
ҶЦЦĬĬϵ֡
ѾǵڶˣߣոҶͳɳ⣬ֿǱˣɵࣺո緹ûԱ
룬Ӧð緹Լҽӣܲöô졣
ҶǸԾͳԵӣŶЩ棺ԱǳԱˣǾЩ
Ҷӵ΢΢һ٣Ҷ
Ҷ˵֣ͲԾô˸Ƿ˾;þ룬¡
ȴͻȻִҶĶŲỺķȥˣֻţСġ
Ҷʱʵϴʲôʱ򣿡
Ҷһ£ǲǵЩӵģ𣬱ͷ㣺Ҳ˰ɣֻʱǲ׼¡
ȴûôŹҶקקȻԼһţ
ҶЩãȻȴסԼ
ʱ͵ɴ۾
Ҳסؿ
󣬰ĳҶ𣬴Щԥ๫šôǻأ


109 

, ӳһ, ʶԤʾʲô
, ӦָԲ֮״, 
ԭֻǲµ, ϾϴҶ񱦵ʱ췸ֻһԣ˭֪׼ء
ʶİҶС, ܿɿ, ֻķ, ԭŮ˾ѵ°ҲѸ̧ΣӲʯ
Ҷп, ϸ΢仯Ҷܸо
ֱ۶Ӳ˵ʱԭһӱӲ, Ҷ˵СۣоԼŵĲǸˣǰȦΡ
ҶɵŤͷ๫, ôˣ
Ҳû̫仯, 촽΢΢, Եͳ, , ǽҪʱ򡣡
С˲ξЩ֡
ϴԼ񱦵ʱ, Ҳǳ˾˯, ˯˻ѣһʮʱ޲˯ʮŸġ
ʱųʱԼ๫ҲûС΢
С
ҶɵҲŽţֱϣ۰Ͱ͵ʲôҪܶǲﲻˣ
вãﶼá˵ɵ죬ƫƫԼֶֻŮţãһͷȵҶ촽ϡ
һԵС̵ͷȥԭΪ˶жˣ˭ֿ֪ʼ۾ˡ
ʱվˣСҲ֪ʲôÿʲôÿȻ͵˲ÿʱס񱦵۾
Ȼ֪ԵɣȴҲŵԴЦǺǵֻںСؽϷԲһƬá
ҶͷףȴʱС죺ҲҪҰҪŻң㻣òˡ
˿ǱߵСغ񱦣ŴյҶĶǺ˰ҹ¡㲻
Ŷ¶
Ҷһû˵ģڵ°ԼƵĻص£Һء
ϴ񱦵ʱ˶û飬ûкӣʱҲֹʲô鶼ûУҶԼĺܣҲͲϡ
ȴȻһ·ϻҶҶ˯ʱҲҶԼϣһֻһͷŵһһĴ󱦱Ƶġ
֪ҶкȥϣԼҶٺúơ
³Ҳ˲ϺһƵˣֱӱ޵Ļ˼ҡ
ȵʱҶûء
ͷ׵б˸߻أʱ˫ȶڴӾţСӣǸ˿ҪҵϷ͵ˣҪǵ߻ˣԺ˭βҩ
֪ЦǺǵģչȥԣѵǣһ
Ҳȴվҩݸӣ˰ɣ˻ҽ㣬úñš
̽ҩ䱳ãȥǰ
˽ȥʱ򣬷ߵǰׯӹ¡
Ҫˣׯϵĵ軧ҲҪЩǮѶʵǲУջҪŷϰæ
ϺóЩǮ俴أӲҸһöͭ壬ϸСģÿһǮ׼ȷ
ӺнʱðһǮꡣ
Ƽһɵվʵô£Ӳ𣿡
ׯӹҲŽţľ̺๫ɵׯ֮ϢϢأʳʵׯӵĽ̫࣬ׯӹȻϣүܽĻһʮźá
æûУүӺõúܣǺ¡
һ£УȴǱտڲԡ
Ůϸܿ췽ϱƳŵеĺ£Ů£ֻѰ̥࣬ûʱǲ˵ģóײϲ뵽ùµȻȥԼǿ첽ȥ˺Ժĸ
ڲúڻңȴþû
Щ⣬ҪʣȴһƣСرƳ򣬵Ȼذɡһͭ˳Ǯ
æЦǺǵ뿪ˣСǱѾ˯ŵ񱦣̺ӰСүù˷磬ſ첽Ժӡ
ϣҶȡ
ոҶ˯ģһͣʱҶˬȴû֪ˡ
˺һӲŲۣǻЩģһǰٸн
ҶһһС๫´ǲ˾˵ҲɣίԼ
ҶЦЦȴû˵
С˲βɵÿôӦ
֣סҶӣҸղǶ㿴ϵĲʡ
ҶԣȲҲչȥϸһЦ๫ҲÿǶ㿴ֻҲῴԵġ
ӱ˿ò˾οͲһƤʲôÿ޵ġ
ǵͣҲǿãһźףһӶ׬Ǯˡ
ֻ⻰Ҷ˵á
չȥҪҶգƫƫ΢һ־飬ֱӶסΡ
Ҷ๫ȥߵĺãôͨġ˵Ҫӳȥ
ȴһסŻҵȵȣȥ㡣
ҶԹԵڳſڣ˳Цӯӯķ
С˲βԼж෴Լ๫Ҫ˰æ
ҪԷֱ۽һ໥ǰʱͬոջؼҵѡ
ɽ컹ͦĵģѩµĺһճɶȻǺõģׯϵĽ˲٣·ŷ硣
һţƼ̵ǰߵˡ
һǰһסӡಡԼҵܵܵĸ첲ʵɣǲĶˣ
һ㶣磬û
ߣҷȥһ˼ĶĶ㡣һ˵һֱۡ
ͣߵʱһ㶼ᣬߵļϵɡ˻һʲô˵ˡ
ôקıȥǰ
ҶЩãȻĿԼֿ֣ѾԶֵܣæӿ˲׷ȥ
ǰŽǰʱƼľǺü˫۾
Ҷһ㶣ԭżĽʶջڸѽعסҶ֡
ǷϷӦĿЩȥסҶһߵĸ첲ЦŵˣĺܣϽźƣʵأûһ
ҶŽţСʵ˯ˣСȱȥɩɩǲ飿Һ๫ȻԺӡ
û¶ǵءЦ֣ﵽ
Ҷԣɿ˷ϵ֣ߡ
ǰ˹֣óЦŶҶ̣֡
ɿҶ֣С˲ιԹԵİϡ
ָĴҶӣ΢΢۾ʱЦϲ̣үϲɣԼĪһࡣ
˻һԼҲˣҲˣ˶ϲġ
ЦסҶ֣ģãõúܣ裬бǮ˵˵⣬ֻȥЦⲻ
ϺҲףأǷϣĽĿҶһۣŵ⸣û˭ˣĽ
ֻȴû뿪Ϻͷ϶ΧҶ꺮ůʱضүһ˵
ϱЦŵģֻеĻЦᣬȴûоˣ˵ĿⶼҶϣеһҲû˷
ȷǱûעвү̥вͬ
һ̱˱飬ЩӲôȣ
ԥһ£ҡҡͷǲȣоȵģֻǺѰвͬ·ǳŲʲô»ҪúţĪҪźãϸЩҲû
⻰˵һһ룬û˵
¶Ͼƾž̸֮Ҳֻǲ²⣬ĻҪȵȲ֪
ȴǱĵͷֲи
ҶӾɿ
鲻òģ׼˰æƽʱϴֻҪ죬ðá
һ磬ѡѣʪӲְЬ࣬ŷȥȦ
ȻҶϣĿЦ๫ôңֻԺʲôˡ
˲ᣬԣ̧ͷǣôϲ
С˲룺ϲֻǾôŹĵġ
˲ᣬ߹ȥҶߣ˵⼸ҪʱȻȵҲ⣬ͷ׼ֵúܣ˶ӵģҪǿĵ鷳ˡ
ҶקקӣҪչҡ
ǰǽչҵģҲչˡԼӵĶǣҲżȹ꣬Ҹʱȥɽ԰סʱ·ҲˣŲʱʲôС
Ҷ̵ͷ¶Цݡ
ֻû;ˣ۾΢΢һƫϣŷ˯˹ȥ
ǰѱҶǺãֶСһԿЩ̿裬ĪҪѬˣŵ뿪ˣתһԵСҡ
һȥͿιѾ棬Ҫ
һֱֹ̧סιµĶ˴ߵǰ£ƽʱ˲٣ֱ˵¶
ιҲ֪ڼʲôԼү鷿￴˵ģԴӶֻ˺ӺͰѶ°ص˷УܲͲ³ҲŶһƬ̶ֿܷ
ֻڶ˯ʱүŻһȻʱȡ
ιп׻ֱӵѾﱸÿҪǮҲһƹ񣬻׼˻͵ˣֻҪضѡ̡̾
ͷضε鲻õģˣȥ࿴һ¾ˡ
Ҷƽ֮ǰ˵ӣǱľټҾ̣͢ȻȻùԱ̣ǹٻ¼ǳ£γо˲ˣеĵҲͿࡣ
Уеԭʷ̨˵档
λ˸ֱ֣֮۸ȻǺģҵضβֶǾķׯ¥̿Ҳ⡣
ιԥһ²ʵүҪ˭ȥ
Ҷι֪Ѹߣ¿סһһصͶ٣ȥɵġ
ѡӸʱվˣҲѧٶ˹ȥǡ
ʵҶƽֵİæ࿴ӵ鲢Ҫרȥ
ֻӣξǸһ˳ȥĻᣬȥһˣһЩӦԱˡ
ιҲͷǸ׵ģǳţֻô׽֮˽еСǲɣҲ
ԣҲͷӽ˽
ԭſվţĻҲʣӾͿڵүûġ
ʵڴǽиСȳˣͰниĵģѰǲġ
ҶңҶƽֵֻȥսԺΪɱйۣŸ˸֡ҶɵҲȻֻҶɵġ
ԭգͽиɣҪˣȻ⣬۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
룬͵ڽҲƣ絥

ӰԴתתЦһ񣺡лү
ЦЦӽйϸϸһι¸ϼˣȵҪ
ȥûһ»زЩӻؼŵꡣ
뿪ֶιµ֮ǰȥ³Ҳҵнˣ
ιµͷˣҲҵ֮࣬ǰЩֻɽգ˲棬ھʣ˳һˣЩīֽ⣬ɹۡ
û˵ָֻϵ˵㣬Χǵ𣿡
Уһ̣󣬾ڸڡ
ԣǺãǣ⼸첻ÿˣĳɰ̣ĺ¿ţֵ¡Щʨȥ»ǮҶܸϡȿˣҼߺȵĵСɤŴļӱǮ
ι²ɵõүǵط˵ڳǵشƫƧҲ࣬ЪЪŻɣ̻ҪܼĵطźӪ
ȴɫĵұûָ׬ǮֻҪ³ҵӹţҲͲÿˡ
ιһ㶣˼
ķı棬ҪľŲ˹ˣҪԱиԼԼߺȣỊֻ̇īҲġ
ʱվˣҪŲסġ
ιţ³ǵԼҶүȻҲ涼
ǶιȴʣǵȺ˾뿪ˡ
뿪Сң׼صԷ
ʱ䣬ҶˣѾȫȻûʲô³ʲộֻԼҽ֮ǰ˵˿Ҳ֪СûС
ԶԶģƼվ
ƺѾһЦӭȥүǷҴġ
Ǻ
һ˾ȥƽ˵Ǹ̺Ͷүϣ˳ƽġ
ǰȻǲЩģãԼ׵ƽѳˣԼǲģ̫ܹ˼С¶
ҶǰŵҲˣӹԺӵȥллף˵ˣȻʱʱš
Ӧһûжת뿪ˡ
ƿŽԷ
Ҷûѣ˯ðȡ
Сؼ˳ȥҶߣزС˲ϵ鷢¶ŷ۰׵
ЦЦͷףȴܿ˿ԱҶΣҶһֳ˯ȥŵͷקԼϵŵĺɰ
ɰ˺üģҶӣʼǸŤŤģҶѾÿܶ࣬ûð
ɰﶫ룬֮ǰҶԼĻ
ɵ򿪺ɰ׼ҲŽȥʱȴƼɰ˻һغɫĶ
ֽȥ˳㿴һط˿
ϸȥƳС


110 
ָ֪, Ҷͷ, Ȼ˭ġ
ҲֻԼҽõͷ
ط˿ǺʱŽȥ, Ϊηͷ
һʱò⣬һɰһŷ˿ţûл
Ҷʱ, Ƽıһ
˯ѵС˲λЩԺ۾ִ˸Ƿ, ﻺһЩ, ȥקק๫, ʲôأ
ע⵽ԼѾ, æϵĶ̵һԵ齼ϣرסҶ, ãȻϸµĸҶ£Ьŷµ߶
С˲θղҲ˯þˣᣬһȥԺ߶ǵҲ
Ȼȥʱ, СѾ˸ոõ˿
Ҷŵζ, ЦŤͷգô֪
Ҷķ, εҵ, ˯ǰ
С˲գգ۾Ŷˡ
ʵǹ̫ɢԴҲ̫˵ĻŤͷʵڲǸ
ҶЩ룬˿˳ԣһŶ๫ɣ֮ǰҿ飬඼ûȫɿˣٽ̽ҿɺã
֪⼸ԼҽķƣԼʣҶҪȻвӦȻãҲŲ˯˯ŵġ
Ҷɵգգۣ黹ܶ˯ˣ
Цߵ鷢ỺӶϲʶ֣žͻ˯֮顣
С˲βɵƫƫͷսԲ˲䣬Ūɶⷢ죬ƫƫҶʲôԣֻǰĻԴתһ飬ʵ֮ǰ˵ģɺʯͷϲˣǶǻҪء
΢٣ЦɣƽͣȳԸɡ
Ҷ̱תעӣЦŸԼһڣúóԣιһס
ɲǸϲԵģϲҶιԼչȥһһ׵İԿˡ
Сƹٯٯģÿÿǻ᲻ɵЦ
ЦЦţ߶
ӸպԼ˵Ҫˣ²ܻ캮ضģ֪᲻˶ˣԭ˸ϥӸ磬Žǲ˯ˣϽü͸
ҶˣСرſݣȥС
ԺͷСظ³ģҲǵ˵Ĭ
ңû̫أ˭˭ȫҪ⸮¶֪Ҷԣ⼸Ժӣʹ˶ԳԵĲϸǸ޲ð˵ģǳԺҲ
ҳǸϲ򸾣Ǯûú˾ǮȻǸж
Щ͵ӣҲؾСȥʱȴƼ˸Ӱ
ĲӶ˶٣һѿ˳ȥϴһʵ˭ǰôû
̻ͷСغϴЩųû˵
иСصСعŮзݣҲ﹤ģ¶ֲͰæԼҹŮĺһ¡
ʹþСݱһ򣬶̹˳ĶСصСؽá
Сȴ
ѰСҶǰǰģŸɣǸŶҲˣСԺŲ飬ЩѾͷ˵ʱǸɴ࣬Լ⡣
ŸףСرæҲǰԺæͶүûϵҪæȥͷæȥɨػˮžˣүԺＷ΢΢һ٣үɲǸ˵ˣŶүûƼ㣬Ͻߡ
ΨΨŵŵӦˣҲЦСǶŷݳԺӺŻصԷͷȴûȥһĻϥߣµİϸķš
ڽҲǰۣͷǵĻˡ
Ҷˮţ۾ǿźɰ
Ҫ˼Լҽ˯ѣҪ߶ҪԺȣûʣ˿УͰѺɰùɫº͵ҶͷŽȥ𣿡
Ҷ˿ͷǰ
ʵʱŵģ
ҲкüʱˣС˲°Żصճǻ
ʵԭҶͷŵʱԼ๫ӹʵǲɣƺܰԼҶҲǸյ˲ãûʲô飬ĻǰǰС˲ξ˼ά
֮ǰС˲ʱСİΣСԼһƬҶߣĻСʲôΣ֪ˡ
ҶʱҪţ뿪һ죬ȴԼոʶ๫и̣һͷţΣԼҲ֪
С˲ιڸ߹Լ񲻹Ǿǽ壬ӲǷˣͷǰöûС
ҶʲôͿĸӡ
ƺϲãƺǸпƺ״ĸж
С˲ηӦѾվ
ȥһѼԼͷҲһƣ˼ӣߵǰҶķ˿ͷһᡣ
סҶ֣һһ٣ᷢΪ򸾣ɡ
Ҷǲ֪ᷢ˼ģ֪
ɽķ˿Ž˺ɰźãͷסҶ촽
κλֻ¶ûܸˡ
ҶȻ֪뵽ʲôˣЦӯӯĹסĲԼקק
ֹ˼գ㵽ӡ
λ˵Ƿ糾ͣΪ׼ԣǻȥˣԿɲ֮ǰļοԣȫʡѧһĪ˵ͷԪˣֻҪܿ˹Ƕõ顣
³ҵ飬һ֪ҲǸ졣
Ҫ˵ģԴ³Ұ涼̬ȣҲ˵ʲôϾѾ⸽׸˼ңָĵطĲ죬³Һ󳾿Ǻã
һȥģֺ֪ԼѾְһγݵһ١
ؼҵʱ򣬴˸ӣͷ⼸Ҫϰ鱾øһʮƪֵ
¼æûͣһӡ
ʵΪ˶㿪³ҵ飬³ҶˣȴǸˣȿʱô¶
ӹ¸ߵ˼˼Ͳ󣬳㣬˵Щͣڿʱ˼֪Ϊ»Ϊţˣү⣬үдģ󣬴󡭡֡
ǲ˼ͣͯǸ߶˲赹ˮֽĥīģеСë£֮ǰ³µʱ˼ҲһֱסѧԺͷҪɵ³ˣǸĵġ
ĺñãСëܸĹ
ͷ°ɣУ´αҶүƺҪˣ
ɫʵ˼û뵽̵ͷԹԵվдָ
һ߷һʵȥˣ
ĺ̬ȣ˼ЩҲ˵㣺ǣү˵ңңү
˵ͷӻ˼ȥˣְдĴַŵһԷã׼ԺҸʱȥǣվ׼ݡ
ǻûţ뵽֮ǰӦҶ飬Ųһ٣Դϡ
˱ҩ䣬Ψһһ΢еɿԵľǡ桷
оˡ
רȥ鷿ڼ˱ѧ֡ͷǶż䣬öüǣ¼Ĺ°󣬴ĵ㶼дģ˵ҲǵȤġ
飬»ȥһԺţͿСԼԷſ̽ͷ̽Եġ
Ų΢٣˲Ϣ߹ȥ
һսӵĶԻ
񱦶ĶǶСˣ
С񱦱
ǡҲǣӦþġ
ĶǶ񱦣
ǡ
˵ԽԽű߼ʣһʲôأ
񱦺ʯͷһŤͷƼվ
һЦˣСžžહȥһѱסСȣץžҪ
ʯͷһվһҶ
ʯͷѾˣҪȥѧãȻཱུģѾЩˡ
磬˵ľǶǵľǶ塣
ûеҲûֻҪжڣĶЦĺܺƣʯͷµҴ
ʯͷվֱֱģС˾䣺á
ǱԼֶӣʯͷ˵ͷ鱳ˣ
ʵûб飬Żʯͷȴҡҡͷһ䣺û꣬ȥȻŤͷܣչںæϣʯͷˤˡ
ֺǺǵıԼҵĲӣµ˼ûС
Ȼ񱦸ϲףǰҹǵ˯ǵĻǵȻҲǺ׵ġ
СӱˣȻССģ˵˵ܸоó˭á
Ǳ񱦽ݣȥľͷСһԿ˳㷭˲ᣬҶ˱һһ
ȳˣҶǿɡ
һ⻰Ҷ˳Ŀʲô飿
˻ϵġѧ֡
Ҷ֣ŶһĪԼӴЩϧ
񱦱ϻһϴżҶŴҲ档
Ҷ񱦵ͷأ
գգ۾ŵ񱦶顣
һԣЩҳƽͣǬʼ졣֮ϸΪ죬֮Ϊء
˵Ǻģ֮ǰʱǿҩӺţҩţɤӱŵЩƣߡ
Ӻ˲٣
˵һ䣬һ䣬࣬ģеʵĵط˵Ƶģ˵ĸϸ
ҶԣŻҲ۾۰Ͱ͵ĿԼҵרע
˵ͷɣҶڵĵ˱ԼȵˮȥԵظп๫˵á
ЦЦȻҶЩҶ˵һӶࡣ
Ҷܿ͵ͷ񱦣񱦰˯ⶼûУСȣСƨһŤһŤģżҪ˵
С˲βɵöֲʯͷɶϲء
һ㶡
ҶԼ񱦵ͷЦŵƣ񱦾ͲʯͷСʱֻҲѹɶúã๫˵ĺء
ʵԼܵʱ飬һ߿һ߱ġ
ֻ⻰˵ףЦЦ޶˵
һԵСҲվҴſֻЩ秵Ļöүôһ˵͸⣬Ȥ
ֲ˵ء
ɾʱСȴƼиСԴͷ̽
Сһϳʯͷү
СʯͷȻ˸ꡱƣСʵ񱦵ܵأ
ʵʯͷ񱦹ϵǺܺõģʱʯͷմԺ֮ܵ͸ǸΡ
Ըѣʵ񱦵ܵҲԼȴûֻܵܵ˵Լߣʯͷⲻȥ
Եĺӣֻ¾ôȥˣҲԼ
ʯͷӶغֹ˰죬ʵǱﲻסųϵʱקԼҵܵûб۸
С⻰ЦŻصСүͶүһأʯͷүҪȥ𣿡
ʯͷһ⻰ش𶼹˲ϣԴץӾߡ
һһġ
ԭֻΪǶ˵˵ģϾԼÿֻһ;Դۣ˭֪ܵıץŶ鵽ڡôԼÿֻʱ̫Ҹˡ
ܵ
קӣţ˵һ˵һ
öŻӰ԰˿ȴ̾ˣ˵ˣƫƫӾ顭
ﶼס˯ˣȴԽԽ񣬻䶼ǵ
ɵ룬˵õСӶϲء


111 
ȵ˵ڶ, 񱦾Ϳʯͷ̸Լԡ
ʯͷһߵݸһߵϲ, ͵͵㣬ܵԡ
ЩΪʲôʯͷԼô, ҲЦǺǵץҧ˰
ʯͷ, ̸ⷽԶ˲úóԷÿֻ, Լ᲻óôڡ
ʯͷȻҲȴû, ʵ, ˣ
С, һ仰˵ֻһһʵ⡣
Сֶվֻ˸Ͷ, ЦǺǵĵǵ顣
ʯͷ룬ĵԼĶ壬ȻԼҵܵܶǱƵġ
۵񱦵ԴʯͷŵҪǲϲң
Ѿһ̸, ץʣµǸ, , СֶЦǺǵĻش𣺡ϲ, 飬ϲ
ʯͷ񱦣ССĺȴ̾˿ܵⶼŵ˵ˡ
ǿʯͷ̸⣬Цеţá
ֹ˼գ㵽˳Ϧ
ĳϦҶû̫飬Ҳֻ԰ˡ
Ҳ֪Ҷ̥ȵֻԱ˵˵죬žͲվš
ҲûҶֻ׷ƨɺܣڿ£ʵúûޣƫƫֶû
ɾ͵չ񱦵ָֻСĶ徭ĹҲ飬Ǽҹ¾Т壬⺢Ըãž͸ˣҲͷһһϵģֺǺǵҡͷԣޡ
ȵϳԽʱҶԳ˿ӣͷ񱦣ʱ³
עԼӣƼӺ϶˸ˣ϶˸ͭ塣
ɾԼѾϰӷͬѰĺøˡ
һֱ˳Ϧµһ꣬ƶҵ˽ϣҶƽֻûл
ҶǼǹԼҴģԼԡʱµˣ
˵ͷ˿趹֮ǰ˵оˣǾȻϵͻףվڹǱߣЩҪŹȶ棬ʱ鲻
ҶȻʲô͢ʲôƵģóҶƽûʲôΣգҲͷġ
òҶĶ࣬ţʵûҶƽֽе飬ǾΪٴף̫Ҷƽˣ˵ˣµҪŹġ
ǲ˵ĺãزıɲߡ
ֻʶĶȴҶЦ
ϴ裬Ϊ񱦣ǸʢСһץ飬ûһʱǲŹġ
Сȥչ񱦣ǰҶȻ䵽ͷϡ
ѰɲӵģʶҶ⣬С˲ûסЦ
ջ֣΢죬۾
Ҷ̥£СƽƽģƲʲôĶˣϱ֮ǰЩ⻬ıںڵķ˿ʲôûһƶԴȡ
ǰһĻǶĽƵģΪƼ˾֪ȻȻ̹鵽
ڣɰ㲻Ҷ룬ԭĺ¾ͳ˼尾
һ˲䣬Լȥ񱦶ȽϺá
ֻ죬۵ȫ
ȴû֣ԼԡͰ۾һգգĿĶ䵽ˮʪ˵ǰҶʪ۾ɨһȦȴֻǿţû
ͷСţүСүȥ˯ˣүҪȥ
̰ѲһԣͷҶһڣȳȥ¡Ƴ硣
СЩֵؿĶӵıӰȥҶʱȴԼҶſԡͰߵС죺߸أ泤
ôСҲûʣֻרĵظҶź󱳡
С˲Ҫ˵Щתע񱦸ղô
Сҡҡͷ֮ǰүСүһ־ӡҲСүſſ˺һ
ҶЩȣûأʲô飿
СʵصǲϵõģСү鶼õˣĸء
Ҷ
ԼҶӲŲ꣬һһʵıģֻأҶҲ
ȻڣҶҲʧ˿๫׵ȤûݶþͳԡͰ㴩˴
˯ҶȴͻȻöӶС̳ȥСҹ
һߣŵȥ˵˵ȥ᷿￴񱦡
񱦲ϴﶼ˯̤ʵ˯˲ģֽŶ̯޲ܰŴռˡ
񱦵ĺ󱳣ϵıЩ
Լֶӵ˯ҶһޣǸⲻصģǾúãԼҶӻ᳤ʲôطҶˣ;úܺá
˯ܳǸϲѹģӽţԼԺӣֻûȥԷȥСҡ
Ҷûϴأųʱѽι˺úһ
ûƼսСң˴Ժ˽
ݶͷðźϴŲµòС
ʵǲ̫ģȻݸҲãǾôҲ˶үͶ֮罺ᣬ˶ļÿһ𣬿ɲһ
˵֮ǰеǷ֮룬ԽԽԼûǸ¡
ǷݻǵԼ˵Ļ
ûв͵ȵģԵĸ˼ңĸҲ檣ϸŻܰȥɣǳˣӣһŮûкôҪµҪʱֻҪˣȥˣҲȥˣɲǺã
ݱ˼̬һȥȻѰ˻Щݲ԰ףǱ֮ǰǸģѾ̫ࡣ
ټͳÿߣȥȻһٷ磬˲ġ
Ȼ䵭òõ˲˵ǽľͷ񣬳úÿ˾ǳȵ
˴ټϱһߥޣȻﻹЩ£ȴһ˽
֮ǰһֱţ˰㶼Ӳڣݱûˡ
վʲôŴ󻧣ѰѲŵСҲУŻý˶ϣԺȴûй⣬ϷСöأǱ﹤ģôȥˡ
Ͷǽǣ۰Ͱ͵صţֻڿСңݱ֪һˡ
ʱá
ݷ˷ԼͷϵΣֽԼͷԵɣһϵѣһԭת˼Ȧ룬׼ȥԼǰˡ
ȴ֪ԶһֱĶ
ոȥҶҹСƼǱиӰԭΪϵһ˻˸ţɺСؽ¹ϸһ־ȻǸŮˡ
Ż죬С۾ϸƣ֮ǰСġ
ⲻСس˸۶û̳վӵİš
һֱͷַΣСؾ߰˷֡
ʱ䣬СȥѧӸ˲٣Уλӱһ
һûУ˺ϻ以Ϊһ˫ӥһ۾ܾ׼ĸƣĸǱġ
Сֻѧ˸Ƥëϴοݵʱû˵˼
ڿҲ
ǣڷݸո̨ʱƼԱ߳һӰ
Ӧͱˮ˸
ˮأȻȴģֱӺϣ˲÷ݰһʶȥĨ
СϧһԼҶ׼ˮԲǸŵģ˿룬Աƽʱıõģר˸Ӳģͷʹȥţѽץ


112 
ıõĺӲ, һСר˸, ǻŶú, ˡ
ڱһԲʱѾɵˣֱСضͷϣֻ˵ϱԴûС˵ʲô
ϱĵĵط۵ĲУʹ, š
һҪץ, һҪС˶ŵܽʱ, ƼľСشŴĳŵأ̧ߵǸˡ
ҲСؾԼ, 첲, ȻҪúС
С̧ۿСǣŵȥӰŮ
СǿϵŵǸѾߴ, Ͼû˭͵һѵġ
Ҳ֪, СǶǰ, 
˵, Ǿ, ûġ
ǣСʹӰѷݸ˸ʵŻعţҲǷݣС¡
ôˣ
˵꣬ͱһˡ
̧ͷƼ߳
ԭ￴˲ģСץʱѾˡ
ǻ˴⿴Ƽˣ֪ɡ
ʵⲻͷһˣȴͷһԺͷġ
ǰӲʱ˼ܣȻǲõġ
ѾٲȻ˹Ľɾ£һ£ϵǮƣֻ¹ͨ˼һʮӵģټᣬֺã˿ڼ򵥣˿ǲ١
ֻţͷŮӾҪҲûᡣ
⸮ϹţӸţȻ˭ҪչҲͷûоͱˡ
񣬾Ȼһģĵһ±ǹҪѼС˳滹аæѾͷһ£򣬸ô򷢵Ĵ򷢡
ţȥ˲ˡ
ǸŮӣСа취ʰҲò档
Сģ⺢ӵ£Ҳܻӣȷʵǳ˺ܶࡣ
С˽Ժӣ³ţǣ˲õɫ
ڵϵķҪԼԩѾԼĳԣֻҪү
ıȻûǩװ׵ĹұŤţֻԺҲҪˡ
Сȴһ˲ס˷еĻ
С˵ĶҶϣεģСһֱǵӵĻǱҪ׼Լӣֻһ
£Ӹŵϣôжϲõ飬˼ȥ
СҲˣῴŮˣСزκλᡣ
ƻ̺ӵĶġ
ȴûǣȥԷ
ҶʵҲĶֻСҺԷ֮˰ԺӣⴰŶصʵСغǼҶû
һֱСŵͷ⣬Ҷſԡ
Ķӻţ׼ȥһŽ
ҶƼȥæǰԼӱڻ
ֻձһ£Ҷƿûš
ע⵽ԼϴźɫأȻůҲ磬ëЩӲЩ
˱ˣ˴ߡ
Ҷ⿴˿Ժʲôأ
Ҷķ˿ЦŵиѾͷ˽Сץסˣ£ûɣ
Ҷҡҡͷӣúܡ
չȥҶǣٵȵȣȥԲ
ҶЩȣ๫ô֪ˮԲˣ
ΪŮӵճأ뿴ѡ
Ǻ춹ڶء
⻰û˵ҲЩҶ徻ֻȥҶǱѧ֡ŽƣģͷЩ³š
СǴ۾ȻǺݺݵŷݣȴţɱ廨۶ˣ´λĺá
ҪӸھͺˣֱӿžܶȥǸɾ
ˣС̵үͰȥ
ȴ̧̧֣СصһȣһӵСȥһԲӵۡ
ǡ
ˣ㼸̨ףվ˷ǰ
ڷھͳָ
ʵδ˵ڽӴǰûУݽԺӺһֱǸСæֻԶԶؼۣľʲôûˡ
ǸձСغݺʰһٺ󣬷ƵҲƾյĶЩ
ССҲƽƽݰͰ͵ĸ綹ѿƵģĪ˵Ůӵķˣü۶ⲻۡ
ȴͬһֱŰ޸ҵ˼ֻ֮ǰϵǴѣĥŰȥˣתĿ꣬õҸǰ;
²͸檣Ҳ׼˼檣һֱ
ȻѰ軧ҵŮΣž֪ûģȻСزһ۾С￴
ҲСֻôһ·Ѿ̤ʵˣССҲ֪жѣֻ֪úôڻᱻ֮¶ȴǰ㲻֪
ݸղǱСشˣڻعʼñȻŭ
۳࣬Σ˵㲻úãҲүȻϲģѿƵСظһ⣬ۡ
ȥԷҶʱ򣬷ԴĶԼ˵Ļ
ˣֻҪүʱСص
ǣվǰʱݱʹĸʹɫֻŶ˵ȴŬ֮ǰ̹ģ΢΢ͷҲܺÿЩ
ǷȻ֮ǰԲ˿̣ôһŤͷɲɵľаƵԲȥ
СߣҲеƲסЦȴòЦֻţˡ
ȴһƬȻ˿ŤͷСص´ԲǺ춹һ֣Ҳ֥ģϲ
Сһĸոյ׺ݣǰԵøɣʵʵصͷӦǡ
Щ£Ȼ֪ûͷûβĻʲô˼
ƽĿŷݣĲȡл
һԵС̰Ĳקűʱ䳤ˣ°ͶЩᣬȴǾүҲ
ûͷҲûҡͷֻʵʲô֣
ԣ۾̰ضүҽзݡ
ģҳĻƹϺ飺ȫ
ݡ
ûŤͷһԵСʵ˭ʶ𣿡
һӴչүʶСӾҴׯƺǸСء
΢΢üʹˡ
ÿʱ򣬳ҪǷǮҲҪµǵλá
ϵӹºƹΪ˾ְиı£صǿ˭Ƿ˴ŻԵĺٱ
ѵׯȴһĴȻҪׯϵǮĿֵ»вС£ŵ軧͸֣С³ỻˡ
ѾͷǵΪ˸ʹŰŮ˹
ֻѰвͬ
ѾͷҪ鲻٣Ҳɵӣ˼ҺúõĻƻŮҪ𤣬ⲻ
ֻǶЩ˵ŵⲻ԰ײԣ˳ԺշҪװί˵Ů˹ģûϵֻɱΡ
ȴδ飬ҪǣҶΨһ⣬ԵĶǲݡ
¿˷ݣֵǲȷݸˣ۾е⣬ë
ݣ
һվŵСвҲмпڵģԲɵüëֱ
ү治Ǽٲ˼أͳë
Ϻװ׵ģʲôе㲻ֱӡ
ֽŵȥһ䣬ҿ񲻺ãֻǼҶϳȥɣʡİЩ߰ëȾˡ
˻һֻǰһڡ
ҵĵ軧ȴûǩģ˵ԣ⸽ֵܺĵضҵģ͹˼ҵײԼҸ簾С£ôߣ
ؼһ𱻺ߣҪȥɣ
û˻룬޺ҪСۼֿİѲ˻ȥסԼССش𣺡˶Ϣ
ͷöԣȻȥǮˣƽСȥ˭ģһȥ
СӦһ࣬ȻҲӦԼҶ̵Ķɨسš
ȴɫü۱ȸոջЩȻԺ飬Ӳ㣬ЩСҪЩ
Сû˵ֻվֱӣҪ˵ʲô
󣬾һһٵĵԺ˼ģҪȥҪ֡ϴյģǩķûǩˡץסһΣһΣ𣿡
С̧ЦǺǵĻصǣү۾˷ݡ
֮ǰСػ˶ģȴ˸ͭ壬СЦü䡣
ոǼΪС̱
ԼҶүĶǿǿ͸͸ģȻûзŷݽҪһΣֻҲҪŵù
æͷӦ£ѸٵԲζķˣѵϲɾܿԺͰ
ССȥСֶԲԷʱЦ⣬һιҶԣֺ˯ϸڲոյ顣
ݱŤʵǽϡ
ǸɴİȫҸ˳ȥıͨ͸͵С£ǵ檣ΪȴǸıݹȻдǼֻҲûһö
ҪǼլˣ϶
Ҷ֪ˣֻǾԵɳζ
֮ǰĸŴ𣬶С˲ζԷǺ¡
³ɳ⣬һ淭һŽԡ
ſҶȱߣ۰Ͱ͵ĿҶ
ɳⲻϲԵ̸⣬̫Ҷ񱦿Լʱ򣬼ӿٶȣʣµɳⶼŽ˸ɾ
񱦼ûóԣЩίıҶСȣ£񱦣
Ҷ֪ѧ⻰ƽʱϺͷ϶ʱ򣬱ˡ
񱦵ŴŴģҶҲЦְ£˻ֵãﱧ񱦺òã
˭֪ȴҡҡͷ
ҶЩȣҪˣ
ཱུ̧Ҷ˵ܱСֶһֽŵǶ񱦣񱦹Թԡ
Ҷ
С˲Щ£̫ԼҶ⻰˼
Сؽ̣ˣ˵ҪԺͷֵ¶


113 
ѰҶԺ, ҶЩ⣬ȴ̶Сصɩɩ˵
Ҷ͵ͷ񱦡
񱦰Ҷ峺, ЦǺǵ, žϲ졣
ҶСһཱུСĸ, ȥСòã
Ѱ, ͦϲСģǵڵʱ
ڣСʱһԸ飬񱦶Сʵԣֻϲ¡
, ҲͲȥˡ
ճ˷, ǾʱֽŲҶĸ첲С, ˵ҲһһʵıģҲһף񱦣񱦹Թԡ
ƫƫҶͳһ, ôһ˵, Ҷˡ
ŵȻҪ˵񱦲, ǾĶǡ
ʱ, ÿ˽
ԺͷԵԺӶҪһЩǰΪӲãܲ÷磬ΪҶСϸЩ
ϸһ;һȷð˺
æë£ݸ˸ԼӣЦҶҪæţǽģúЪţӲǽҪġ
Ҷû˻ȥ񱦿ԼֻסСֶգŶŷЦɩɩҲ
ʱСѾ˰ȦιºҶҳʱʯͷңҴ̸⣬˵Ǹ񱦳Եġ
ȻЩӣǹؼ©
ոջͰ͵ıҶСһֱɿ֣ģ̸⣡
Ҷɵÿԣ
̵ͷʹСƨһһģԣ񱦳ԡ
ҶҪȰ忪ЦŶСصȥ԰ɣιˮĪҪҭˡ
ȴûߣǿ˿ҶͷϣСͶ˶ԣԡ
ԾЦ񱦵С֣񱦻Ųأá
ֻΪǫãȴ֪Ҫһԣ´βŻиóԵġ
ҶҲڿ񱦵ĻŵﲻȥԣԲ˵ĿԸʣ¡
ϣ
ǴӦáͶС֣Լߡ
ǳȥӰҵŹϣϲŵ⺢㡣
𣬺ÿԡ
ҶЦЦ񡣡СʱԴиݣûУ
ֻΪڴȤЦЦû˵ʲôóһӡ
ѲӵݸҶ֮ǰԺ¶֪ˣԺŻǲʵЩģǴͷ˽ҲðѽŻʡı˿ӡ
˵Ͼ;Լҵб¡
ǷǼģ˵һ㣬κܺãᣬǸˮһ͡
֮ǰƼʱ򣬱ǳԼҴġ
ǷݵĸڴµСµģѰҪǷǮǸϸģ΢עһ¾ܿԭίʶϰԼԺӶеһֻҪݳ־ʹȥ
û֣Ҷ˶Ǹɾˣȫһţֵͷ˶֪ˡ
巢ʲô̽ģԺЩСӶŻסˣΣ¶Լǣȥ˭ʶһ֪
˵ϸҶΪĸٰ㻤ŶϱʵǰѶϱŮˡ
ֻǷ֪޵Ʒԣʮа˾ԼǸĺֺڵĶ顣
ǷҲ֪¶ʵҶһ֪
С˲˷ϵĻ˺һӣڻԺ﷢ʲô¶žֲ
˼ȥֻ֮ǰɽ԰˺üӵ¶
ϴԼʹɽѡطҩģмã๫˵ġ
ţˣ¶
ҶͶŷϵͷɲǣȷʵȱˡϴɽ԰ӵᣬ٣˵ŻҲ
ԣҶȻҲҪģæָָǲӣƣҼģҪЩۻٻǡȻݣǸġ
ҶǸһĵͷɲôǼԼҩȦصʱŰŻԼοɲˡ
ӵʱҶСʵˣڼĻҺ๫ģϾ԰ģü˲ʡ
ϸæȻԼҵġ˵ţϻЦʱϵúãǰͷиҳţ˵ۼҳּеĽˡ
֮ǰҳޣǰǮĸֻŻӣ³߹ﻳźӣҲǮϰˣǮҰǸš
״ǸӮ˱ã治Ӯܷġ
Ǯ³Ȼ˺ƤֵǷꡣ
ʱҴĸΪάլ˹ԼӵСɲĽô
Щ˵Ҷȵģڣ˭Ҳ˵
Ů˶ĽҵĶϱ๫˺ãĸദԱЩû¶ߥ޶ȢС檵ĸǶԱǸ۸ˣԽԵѵá
ſƷʱ·ŷ磬⡣
ҶȴЩȫȻֻ֪Ÿ԰ˣ˵飬ȻҲ˵һȥĵĿġ
ʱѾˣҶǰëڲϹ
¹ҵһԣֵ̿ǰԼϿůŴյҶߣһԼһոմţ˵ǾеƽϢ˲٣ӾҪ㣬ʱӺһ
ҶŲӣϸ¼Щ˵ݺ͹£ֺܶ࣬С˲οЩĻֻʶĵͷ˺ãĽ
ǶŲյ΢΢һ٣˿ʵʲôأ
Ҷû̧ͷصˣ˵ѽŻ
һΪҶѾ֪֮ǰ¶һ
ҶǴûģֻҪˣ˵¶Ͼˣ˵Ҷ룬Ųǡ
ΪҶ֪ˣһԣȱ̬ȣģⱲӣһһһ˫ˡ
Ҷ֪ûͷûβһ仰ĶģС˲Ҳó⻰⡣
˱ʣҶЦŴչȥϣĲӾ˹ȥ
סʡˣͷԼĥ䡣
˻Ҷ๫Һã֪ҲãҲôá
⻰ŸжС˲ȴֻǳʵ
ãûֻԼ๫ڡ
ҩһֱǡ
Ҷ˵ɽϵ԰ӺͷĶԣɽϵǸһЩֻЩ軧ҵ˷ڼʣɽϵԼĲҵͲҴׯͷȥæˡ
ֵܹϵò٣κιϵҪúþӪ
ͨ׵Ļ˵ǲҪռ˵ıˣȻٺõĹϵҪĥûˡ
Ҷĺ󱳣°ͷŮ˵ľѣµĵ軧࣬һֱţҲ϶ЩģúԺҲù̡ܽ
Ҷѧ˲ٹܼҵ飬Щϸ֦ĩĻҶϸ룬ͷ๫˵öԣ˵İ졣
ǶԼӹעĲӺϣһԡ
ҲܶҶʲôֻСĵһףʵǰͦõġ
Ҷ峺ŸոѣЦ۾ﻹЦʵôˣ
ǰ°ͷľѣƸпǰ˼Ҿܣ֮пֲͦڵġ
Ķڣ׷ˣŲܡ
Ҷȴһ£ЦŵһǾںá
ʵΪΣ
Ҷһִ˴ŵҪǸǰʹһΣģô񱦣

ǵɾȥʡľ庬壬ΪãԼ֪ġ


114 
Ȼ˵Ҫ˳ȥɽϵ԰, ڼԺӵҶǴӼѡˡ
ϾǷڼ, Ժ鶼Ϲŵ, ҪĲǡ
ԵĶûܣֻ˷ϺҶһһӡ
Ӵʱ, רźҶ˵, Ǹڷߵˣ֮ǰ˵ӱź, չ˺һס
ҶضĢԲ, ԣ, Ӳ˲ǣ۾ǿߵĸˡ
⸾ͲС, ͷѾףú룬һľţѰЩ, ҲԲƲ壬ЦʱʺģҶ˳ūĪ̡
Ҷǰж˷ģ, Ҳһ, ЦݺƣĪһƾǺ, ɡ
, ҶſĪӡ
оҶ, ĪֱӣЦɡ
ҶʵĪƽʱʲô
ض̣Ǹϲʳģ֮ǰڷչ˶үүүˣҾС¡
ʱظ˲䣺ϲұˣҲǴѧġ
ҶԣЦЩ
ӵʱȵЩˮҲġ
ոջеЦݲԾĿȥ١
ҶȴȻĪӡ
ʵϸˣҶûκλɵģ϶ԴӶϱǼã¶ǣθҲʵ⡣
رĪӵҶ͵ǰ͸Լûа˽ġ
ӻȥʱϱʣ⣿
ӻصžϲģǰߣŶ̾Īȥˡ
ҲһЦܳǸҲǺ£΢٣Ī賤˸ȴвһܻסġ
㣬Ҳͷͬ
ҶƲϾϺûмС˲ζԴ˵ĵĮҲ֪СһԲϾʹˣǰҶɵģ˫۾ļãɾˮ˾໤ЩСССһݰͰ͵ģоúܡ
ǾҪ͸еĵĹȥĪǩģȻжġ
ӷȥСʱСʵˣУҪźӦģɴǱôҲҪˣ
Ϲϣŷ飬΢΢۾ɼҵ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ҲЩǱɲ̫ƽѰ͵ҲܣҪҸڲֻƲҪԱ߳⡣
Щȣô֪Ҳˣƽʱġ
תת鴮ɫһӶСúܣ͸ҲǲһǮͻȻһǰҤĴƿ˵ǰ׸ҿɲš
ҲС𰡡ǮȥСüƿˡ
ƽֻֻǵ͹ʲôȴǵñ˻ʲôŰɣŵġ
û˵Ͼӵ飬Ҳö˵
ţֲôôƢͥѬĺҪ
ҶڵĪӺ󣬾ʹߣȻ˼СˣǰסԺӵŻڽ̵˵Ĳ¶ĪӣСҲѧûͰԺⰲŵ
ԭԺµǺĪγͻûֵҶǰС˲ξֻ黹ûͣˡ
תůʱĸµҶ˯ñ֮ǰЩҲŴɫóȥ߶ÿζСĽ
ΪеĶΪҶԼεĶӱϴεĴЩ
ϴλʱС˲ǰ¶ûʲôͬóԳԸúȺȣ˯ö⣬ԵĶûʲôо
ȻϴԻĿЩ
˯ʱ²Сѹһֱ
Ϊ˯ʱ˯ʱʲô˯˻ʲôҲܰҶ˯ȵЩ
ҶһƼľԼ๫ÿǺ;ѡ
ѴҶ΢˶Ϳ۾
ʵˣ³ҶűĿһֱҶˮ۾˱Цŵͷס
Ҷͷף˯ܻ֮ЩԺģ˻ֽŶĥһѹ
ȳ緹ʱѾǳʱˡ
˸ˮ󵰣Ͽһ£࣬ȵƺһ߰һߵӲͻˣʱҲൽҡ
Ҷԣʵ˵Ҫ׼ԣ
εǼӿƣ±㿪ʼˣ֮ͻԺ֮ǰ˵ҪȵŻ
ǰѰõˮ󵰷ŽҶصǻ׼Ӧ֮ҲҪðƿҪõĶԲ֮ǰԸԺԣϿҪ׼ĶҲࡣ
ⲢʣΪ˷ʮֿ̣ǽ֮ʱҪ¼飬ȥֻ֮Ҫһ⣬ˮ˶ܴ򿪡
궼淢ĿˣҲᱻͳҪȵ쿼Ϻ򿪴Ųܴá
ƾ֮·ѣΪɣĺãÿʿӵ룬ȴûм
ҶһӲˣѧϵﲻɣ׼һӦϣܰϲæġ
ҶɵؿҪҰæ𣿡
룬ҵֻϺʣͷ˳˳֡
ҶЩԾԾԣҸɴӿɺã
һƲҶӣԼӵʵڲͬҲ˵ܴܲȥ˵ֻ͡»Ӱ췢ӡ
ңӴǸԼģˣɻԼء
ҲشֻЦŸһɳ⣬ɹתС˲εע
ҶƽϣеĺɰҶӣһֱš
һͬЦЦҶƽֵҶү۳žҪˣҸطЩߣ
ĸ·Ҳĸʱδˡ
ҶƽһľҶر֪ҶкҶƽֺ޲ֱӷɵԼС
ֻǾ鵢һҶƽֺòȶ˾ȻҪͬһѡۡиԼ÷ӣ޲һá
ڵ˿Уźһ
֮ǰЪųԺȵĻ۳Żʮ·ҪʱҶƽֱԽͲסӣҲ͹˲϶ӶˣֱӵȥĺãĪҪýȼˡ
Ա㲻ٶ˵׼Ҷƽһ촩ؼҡ
ɾʱǰͻȻһ
һۣͷǷͶϾӪҩǰ˶
һ˴ˣƺʲôǲ˵꣬ǵǸŪ˽ȥ
ΧֻǷ˷財ģҩ¶Ҳ٣Ȼû⡣
Ǻܿ죬иСܳţһӣƼϵӡ
̸ı˷򣬳ܹסǰͷɲˣ¶ˣ
˵أ㷭ס£˵Щ
æи˵ãƵģһ˵ǶүԵ޹ʵľҪǸϳȥһ˵дϢƫƫҶǵ·˵
˵ʲô
˵үŮȴˡ
˻һӵһӦǲţϾճŶүͶ罺ˣ˵˭пܣүʵܣȴʶĻͷϵҶƽ֡
ϵģһ鵭Į
Ȼ֪ԭίǸԼһ£ҶүҼҶүģⶨȻӲͷϡ
ΪҶƽҪ˭֪ȴҶƽֵͷ˾䣺֪ǸӹҲûʲôı¡
ӣ
ôⲻǿүأ
һ룬ҶƽҲӵҸһȥƣ߰ɡ


115 
ҶƽҲʶҩ, ֮ǰϻװҩ̵ϰʱ, Բ, Ҷƽֻ浱˺һӻҲڴ˴Լط, Ȼ¡
ֻʱвͬ, ҩˣࡣ
ȻΪ˽, ȴǸҵе, ӹҩ̺󲻹±ѣûʲôֻ롣
˶Ժ, һ˼ЩٴЩԼ޶ܼҵ, ȻԸ⻨˼෽ıûҩ̸һ
֮ǰߵӣֶҲ
ԭҩҩ, дҽݣԽֶҲɫ
ȻҲҵҵȻҵӡ
Ҷƽ, ÷Ĳҵ, 㲻Ӳ, ȻǷ踾˵Ļ, ҲҪȥġ
ٲ, Ҳǳ͢ԱҲܳŸ
ҲЩƲҶƽ˵ǲǷǱҶƽԼҶүͲˡ
ҶƽֵĻӦ˾䣺Ҳȥơ첽Ҷƽ֡
һţƼǡ
ȥǷģ־Ƕүļ£òͣҲΪ˵ȴҶƽֺӡ
ϴҶʱҶƽ֣Ҳ֪Ƕ̵׸磬˳ȥֵԭҶүˣʧԶӭ
Ҷƽֻ˸Ǻͷʵƹأ
ߵˣûʲôģ̧̧֣ȥ˺Ժ
ڴǰʱӿһۣͷǱߵһ̯Ƭûüʰɵʵôˣ
ЩΣǸոǼ˱קʱ򣬳ֲݣֱƿӣɶϺð״ɰ
Ҳ˷ۣæ˵䰲ĻԺȥ
һȥԶԶľ˸ԲҼңԲҼŮҼΪۻ͵ôҴҵҪСϰչȥ
˼ӿ˲ӣȣиڵϣţһĴһĵأһƫƫʮ㣬ž͸
һԣһקһʮĹһԲǹɫˢףˮƺŵúˡ
һߣǼҩͷµĻƣšüͷǵĶˡ
˵ݣһ
֮ǰΪ˻ŶϱֱӴСһҵ飬϶ˣƽʱЩլƷ迴ʱĹٻ¼ҵӶ˵Ҷøĸչˡ
ϾŮһɽǺŴϵԽǹٻ˼ҵĸԽϲ飬жϱأ檹ȥⶼǳˡ
ǹլһ︸ȥҪӵı£ǶӱϱˣЩűԼӱ㲻Т˳
Ը꣬ǣֻҪקס˶ӾͺãϱˣܶٿǲŲء
߾ĸҺޣֱ̾Ϊֹ
ҵɵȻܿͱӣЩϱѸٴ
Ϊµƹӣרȥһ£֪ܿȥ
ӵõʱͶˣ˰ץ˽
ʵնϵƢƤѰ˴һ٣Ȼ󶪳ȥҲˣɫӲֻҪ΢ݣǱ˭ܵĶ졣
ڶȴ֣һΪϵССֻҪմϹ˾Ƕϵ˼ҶźӣҪµʱϳիЩģԼǣȻ⣬ȴҪϲ졣
ͷҪȻǶĸᷳźá
ʶֻ˰ǶϽҪͷ˶ҵǽȥô춭ȴǲ֪ˡ
ӻڿأұҶŮŮһƻŮǼңȻǱ˻ҪӳҶӺúõصŹ£ȻҲҪȥһôô
һԵķݶøûסȥҪסӵ졣
ΪԼ˵ϹΪǰڻ
ʵ֮ǰݱҺʱûʲôǹʧ˷ݹҲûǩˡ
ǵȷݻ˼ҵʱ򣬲֪ؼҶҺȥˡ
类ׯӣҲΪιɣ֮ǰǮҵǼӶȫ˳ȥŪǼӱϣݺݴһٳ
һĿھһʱ򣬾Ƕ˲ʹû˽
Χʮ˭ҵĶݣƼǶߡ
ִˡ
ϾֻǸң£˿ʲôᡣ
ɲ꣬˵Ҫȥһϸ檡
˷֪ģصˣƶʣ˲֪ٸңԼȥĻڣ
ϻŲȥƵĿ֡
˵뵽ˣѣ˭֪뵽ķӾǵ֣
·СҲֻҪ뿪Ҹı;ܹģƫƫΪ˸ıǰ̣Լȥˡ
֮ǰǻȥԼүԼ˼ҵ檣ֳ
ǶԴŮǶԴὲè
ͻȻԼļ˶úİ֣ŵֱ
¸ûʱݿȥ˵ˣ˵ˣôŮԺô˰
һ˼Ϊ˶ı˲ŮҪ죬ӱһƿָûõĶʲôҿޣҺûµѾͷǰˣ
һֱ׼ȥ檵ģĽôһϾѪҲۣһʱ޵ʲô˵
ȼ߹ʱƼıһĻһվŵĶһᷳ
Ʋǵ˼෴ƵԽԽ
Ǹʲô˼ңӶˡ
Ƽǹæǰ񣬶վһԣȻǲˣֻһھҪǸڵŸһӳȥ
ȴûô˼ɣߵˣһжҪΪأ˶Ҫ
˵Ĳ񻰣ȥҰͶϡ
һԵСҲĶۣߣȥֱסӣ˲졣
ȻһȴҲǣûôQͱˡ
ԱߵĶţǶɾûôһȥ͸ſˡ
ǳʱͶϸϸѯ˷˺¡
ʵʱӻרŵˣλǶ̵ĸ磬մӾǻԼ֪Ĳ˵ϸЩǡ
֮⣬öһЩĪҪҶƽźá
ӵ˼Ҳ֪ģɶûʲôŵġ
ҪǶүɾѰ伸鲻
ǣȶ˵꣬Ӿ˿ҺҺãһɷߺޣԭô£ѷ˶ǵģҪú˽ᣬȴ֪ôǲҪƤ
Ҷƽӵļ򣬵Ҿ˵÷Ǹõģġ
ԣϺͷͷ˭֪үٳ⼸Ϊ˶ǮˣɵӲء
ֻɫӣΪ֪ҶƽԼҶүɲΪ£ΪӲɡʵǲ֪òøүֱ档
ӻѡ֪Զү˵Ǹ۾ȴǿӡ
Ӹղŵɣ֪ǸģҲú飬Ŷ죬ֿһԵɣ㣬˵ɣΪʲô
֮ǰɾˣ㹣ŲӵһǮǾߡ
ҲˣڴĿӡ
ȴ֪ӡͶŵĶһǣȻˡ
ֻҶƽüͷȻ÷Ů˺޹ϵдȣƾʲôǮ
˻һӾһߵҶƽߵҶүͽǽͲܽģǡ˵ͻȻס
ǵ⻰ͬ˵ģҴ⣬һȺҶɺҶɩʱԼү˵⻰ġ
ϵ飬Ҫ˻㽲ġҪˣǺ˵棬ͲҪˣͰ˺ȱˡͽˣǽǲܹ黹ţܲܿԼ
ӻںܶϲͨ͸Ӹ𣬾׼ˣү˵ĶǶԵġ
Ļתתܿ죬ӵԴ˸ͷ
ʱҧгݵ˵˾䣺ǲżҴҵ۸Щ¿İˣǣĪ
Ī
˻һü⣺Ӵôţ㻹뱨󣬲˵ʲôӾŤͷ˶ϣʵǸոտŪʲô
ԣָǰ򣺡ȻеģҰŵƿͱ˸顣
ŤͷӺɣڵˣڣͰѻƿǮˡ
᣺ʮᣬһӶɡ
ͨ죬ţƾʲô⣿Ǹոקʱģ
ǶûǮҲ˵˼پ֣үܸһƽӶŷһ񣬡뷽ƹȥ֤ة˵ףϾʮ᲻СĿܲϳԿ
ûӦһӦģзִġ󣬶Ͼ۾ǡ
ող֣ǰڶҵ˼ˣͷȥţʱùǳηͿԼˡ
Ťߵֻһˣ˭жأ¶ȻҪ
Ҳ˲£׷ɶȥǸоˣʶ࣬ˣƤóٵľˣֻҪȥ飬㶼벻ոʳҵĻ
ֻзݣ͸ˣĨĨᣬ԰׵ɫãһµһ»ȥ˾ͱǸϸ檵
ѡϢȺ֪ȥ
Ҷƽֺ³ԷɵҲ֣ö֪ҶүȴҪŶߣҪġ
ҶƽҲûܾҩ̳緹
ȵ³׼·ʱҶƽͻȻ𣿡
ȥ֮ǰģӶݵȻҲǵ
¶һЦݣӵԣǽɺˣүġ
Ҷƽǵ˵ͷǣպĴӾұǡ
ӣ
ʲô
ҶƽֻͻȻûٶ˵ʲôԶˣӸæȥһǰһҷ
ǵҴſʱɿͣŵ
ţȻѾ档
ԭҶЩӲԺӣҪҶƽ֣һǰȺ˵ء
ҶƽֽţҶվ޵Цݣ磬ˡ
˻һҶƽ־;Լıӷᡣ
˵Ҷƽɳƴƴʱüͷգһ£ųھһʱҲ̹̹
ƫСһ磬ܰе
Ҷƽȴе㲻ҹȥ۾ֱֱĶҶ΢¡Ķӣǣֶӣ
ҲһԣεСȶŴ˵ԣĵ񱦣
Ҷƽֿȥִ˴ⶼ˵ˣ
̱߹ȥȶҶƽֻ硣С񱦵о˾ˡ
ǰûƺգգ۾ͣౡ
Ҷ

ƫҶƽֱЦЦˬʣſЦͱ˴˲ֹһȡ
ˣ˶㣬ȴ£۾Ҷƽ֣΢ţ⾪ȵģ
ҶƽǱС˸߸ߡ
̿Ц౺õúܡ
ҶƽλµģҲڣֻһˣͰ񱦵ݻ
񱦸ձԼҵ־̱Ĳӣſ۵ĴɻЦǺǵģĸˡ
ҶƽǴӻóһӣ֣µĽҴģպˡ


116 
ղһֱû˵, ҶƽֽʱҲֻǼһ, ڳ˼
ʵѳζ, ʡĵȻ񱦲ʱû˵
ȻҪǰάԼСϡ
ͻȻҶƽֵݹĺӣһ, ¶˾ϲ, ӹʵǸҺ
Ҷƽҡҡͷ֪ʵ۸Ķô򿪿
ϴǸĺ, εĶҶƽֿСĽ, 㶼ûв䵽
˺ӣƼһ, óϸϸ, ȵַ˼ҳϳܾСɾϬ, Ҳ֪ġ
ĬĬĿԼһۣţ˼棬д񶼱͵˾
ǳʾȻӰһѴֿ, ͻȻ, Լֻ±ĸЩ
ⱾȻǿӡ, , 漣Ѱ, ǿӡҲ࣬ܵһǼõġ
ţλԴĺã˵϶ֵǮȴá
ʱסһҳİ˸Цŵ֣Խˡ
ԣҶƽֶȥܿƼд֡
꺹࣬־롯
滹һöɫӡ£˽£ֻ֡

Ǵӡ¶ܿʵġ
˶ױʵģһۣҶƽֺӶԷȡ
ʣֻҪʣⱾӱǼѵá
һݳʵĲɵģرǳʵһֺ֣ΪϲҲƳ硣
֮ǰóʸԼĽ׾֣һƼġ
ᣬҿֻ˸ôô޶޲꣬˺һŵõ֣ѵãѵáԺټ֣ȻҪдźá
Ҷƽֱֵס죺ȿȡ
ԼСܵԴԡ
óʸдĳƫƫʲô֪ЩҲֻ룬˵ġ
Ҷȴûô࣬չȥ˿ЦŵǺÿġ
ʵֵĺûҶǰǷֱ治ģȻÿְʱȻԼдԲȦָԲˣҶҲ֪Ҫд÷Ǽ׵¡
ʴǺ˼ȥдģÿֶ
ֻǰǲˣҶʶͲʲô˼ˣС˲αƫͷɣ˵ʲô
ˣҲ͸Ծ⼸ֵ˼ǣ˯־ҪӷܷŬǡ
ҶƽʵҲ̫ĻŵͷţϲҪĶࡣ
ǶյȻַ£˵ļǣܣƿ֮;˹ľţ߹ȥûмȻҪӿ̿ǡ
ֻԼҸԼֻܻЦǺǵĵͷ
ȴֵɣǰҲˣȻҪҿ̿ŶԣһԵ˼ȥŵɣҪȥܣ˯úŬǣиˣдŻҡ

ղŻüõһӱ֣˵ҲȥģȻãѾԺ˺üˣð
ɲ˵㿴ոջڴչҶЦߵס֣๫Ǹˡ
ҶƽҲŵͷԸп÷Ϊ˷ΪΪʱʱŶشٵܵܣʵѵá
˼ͬŵͷֻ˵ЩͣڣֻǶƺöȥˣжã
һʱ䣬֪ڵĿӣԼԼڵĿˡ
Ǳ񱦣ֶ۾֪ˣýЩճһֻ񱦵ĺ󱳺۾ǿ᣺Ȿ㶨ȻҪúϧպˡš
Ȼ֮ǰǶҲǳ͵ģǺǲͬġ
ɵţɵɵԼܻܵû͵˸ͨ֡
ʹҲֵҷŵġ
˵ͷָվҶ磬ҵȵȣȥֻطţУ˺üʫҳ¼һݸִȥ
Ҷƽֱȥ鷿Ҷߣ°Ͳ֪ʲô
Ѿ񱦣񱦽ĪӱߣסԼʵʲôأ
Ҷͷգգ۾ʵ๫ǰҲҪ𣿡
ȻûС
СǸӣɲԼģΪʹ̵ʱܳţֳԲڴ˿ûбǲ
˯ţҲܣֻܿο
ӲҶʲôǰΪϲˬԺ󲻻ˡ
ϲˣ
ţˣ˽ο໹Ҫ滨˼
С˲գգ۾ͻȻ˾䣺ҲţҲͬһо飬ȻŬġ
һ£һͷӦǱ顣
ͻȻǺ죬ΪСغӶԱߣܶ˵ʲô΢΢ƫͷյҶߵͬһоȻġ
ҶЦЦ峺ɾȾ˳
ֻʵûһֱԼӣǲ䵽СߣЦĿ
СЩĪȴվıֱֻ΢΢˶Ӹ磬Цʲô
ӻЦŵģҲ֪ԼЦʲôأƼСؾ;ˣһ˾ЦԼƲס
Ϊ֮ǰһֱһо仯͵˼²Ż;Сغ֮ǰһ
ЩҲˬ֮ܶ࣬ǰǸ˵Ͱ˶ȵСȴ³ɵͦΡ
СǴϴδ˷ݺͰԴʹ˳ɳСɱ֮ǰĶࡣ
һֱ˵С룬Сʵϥ𣿡
̵ͷãɺˣš
Сؿ˿춼ˣŲء
˭֪ӾԼϥǣСԵĿĿлϥ״
ȻĴأ
죬ůСزɴ۾ǲɵ
ǻȻȻЦǺǵĶ֮ǰү˸֣СأԺ㺰ɡ
磬ȡӸ硱̡
Сصͷĺ硣
ǸƺˣȴǱǺһƵģЦеɵӦһ
СزڸʲôǼЦҲǡ
ʱиС˽
ӱʱͣ˺СصĽ̸첽߹ȥ˼ڣү˵¶ҪҴ˵
ѵʣȻֵܹϵ׽ǵǸԺӷֿҲû˼ȥ̽˵˽£СȥҴɩĶɩԼİžˡ
СȥϷϵʱ򣬷Ժ׼ѡ
´գ˵ǴůʱһƷƣڣ˵ʱׯæµѶҪȥׯסһӵġ
ǰϻһȥʯͷҪæŸʯͷѧã׼ڼ
ˣȴûǽǶС˵ǣ˵ŴȥׯˣڼУֻҪȸʮ²Żء
СҲʣº뿪ˣһʯͷԣЩֵĿŷϣӣҪȥ˭ʯͷѧð
ҪѴϵѣԵͷԻصҲȥֻûǸ͵ܵܣǻȥҪ¹򡣡
ʷ˺£ֻԼҶӻ۰Ͱ͵
룬ѱʯͷŵǰϣ˸ëʣúдȻҪġ
ʯͷ
ѱ߹ȥ˷Աߣ˺¡
ԭǲҵ˵ģΣȴûУֻԺҲȥ๫ɼţǧӦ
ôˣ
ϻͷëʹԹдֵʯͷȥݣºŵԺҸһֱң뷨Ӹմմ⡣
Щ⣺ĸǶˣǾ̵ģմ⣿
ûĵ֪Ĺϵ֪ݵԶݣ֪ݵԶۣڳ⣬Ǿ̷ׯúܺãڶܵĺҸĥҪöܸۼԻùϵʵΪԼǡ
Ϊ˾ٻΪãܹΪԼûҡ
ۼҪ飬Լ˵ˣα߹հƵˣ
һ£ͷӦдʲǼ٣ײΪǮ
ǴӶܵĿڴǮ
ֻ˸ƵʵЩɩȥСӸַҲó
˵ʲôϾͽŵҪЩܰæģϾݣܰҶ졣ֺˣȴҪԼȥҶҪôȥסĿӣп֮˽ỵǵֵ壬ǲҺùҲüǡ
ʵϻǸСӣûĹȴҲ
ɩȱǮüëŬЩ취ǽȼü֮ҲеģżңҲƴ治Ҫȥһ
쿪Լ̺ôȴ㲻ΪԼǣֲƢȻǲġ
涥ȥѾ˼֣ģʲô
գգ۾ôĿŷϡ
÷ϲӵûῴһۣô
Цſϱأá
ϲɵһ죬һ¡
Ҳû˵վǷϵˣѲ˵ûֻܼ¶Ҳˡ
ǸŪ˰Ժ󣬱ʯͷȥϵԺӡ
ҶҲ
˯һˣ˯ʱ䲻ʱҶûѾ۾
Ҷò׳Ժӣûмĸͬһˡ
ûдþȥҶƽ˵ˣʣϺҶһһҵԱߣ񱦾ϳ̸⣬Ц۾
ʯͷʱ۾һſڱ㺰ʯͷ磡
ʯͷҲǺģЬ齣ܿͺ񱦱һţЦǺǵı첲ʱʯͷСüͷ˽
ûȷ´Ϳʯͷȥץϵ֡
ǸףҲһġ
Ȼ֮ϾͲ֮ǰʯͷһˣԴҲһˮƽҲǸ
ƼקԼסʯͷС֣Цʵʯͷôˣ
ʯͷ˻θ첲ᣬĸࡣ
ϼ״⼸öˣµġ
Ҳóʯͷ벻ᣬϻֹȥʯͷɺãһ߸ʯͷ첲һߵСأʶҲһʱ
ЦӦţȴûļ£дĻҪдŲᱻԼҶӺŪء
ʯͷǹԹԵţϸԼ첲ͻȻһ֮ǰĸһ˵ĸо
һԵԭץ̸ԣ״˿ϣֿ˿ʯͷʣµ̸һ
Ȼֱֱľˡ
СŤŤԭعһȦͲ䵽Ҷߡ
Ҷɻ飬ĵࡣ
˻һϺ϶Ц
ϣЦĺϲ£죺⺢ѧǿ죬֪ˡ
Ҷ֣ԥһ£ԼҶҲûд֣첲ҲᣬǾɡ
ǣС񱦾ͱԼϴ˺üƫƫɿˣҶջʱҲŹȥȻ䵽ʯͷߣһѱסʯͷ
ʯͷӲܾζĵܵܣҲץס񱦵֣һʱԼո˵ĸ첲ᣬ
ԼȥˣҲ͵˿պȵԵ㶫
תůٻʢţϱҸʱȥ߿ҶȻڻܹ߶ɽϵ԰ʰĲˣҲϹȥƣȫТġ
ȻǸ˵ģҪӦȴ洫һ
ȻֻǺ΢ĲҲû¶Ҷ΢΢üߵСؾվ
Ͽʵôˣ
Ҷԥһ£ŵоҪˡ΢٣ꡣ
ɽǧ꣬׶ѩ˲֪١
ʱС˲һֱûΣûǣǸ˲ξڵѩƣ˲γȶҲܲ죬ҲҪԷ仯С˲ȻҪ׼
µڣҶЩǱЩ
֮ǰѩʱСҶûʲôдȤ
һβͬҶСصſƣʹϰ㶼ûУҲûǴꡣ
Ϻͷϲ֪٣ģС׼ûġ
ԷһȥϽѼԺͷĶսĻҲҪ֧˴ֲһʡĽؽͷľͷʡˮࡣǻȥѣʱȥׯϣֻȥõ軧ǵġ
콵꣬ưһʮͣ


117 
ҶƽԭҪͻؾ, δ, ȥҲסˡ
һվͰ, ȵհգҶƽֱЩסҶͬ˵
Ҷϣߵˮ, ٲͣ, ɽ԰ֵЩҩĶҪûˡ
ҶƽһŲϻ񱦣ԣ̾˿Ī˵ҩˣôõ̰꣬Ӷһܵס
ˮ˰, ֡
ıˮ, մϾӲѡ
Ҷ䲻֪жأҲó˽Ľ, С˲ҲĲ, Ҳ֮ǰǱŷӳԶ, ֻΪ˫, żȱ˿ʲô
Ƕ, ɸɵ, Եġ
Ҷƽּ, ʵˣ
СһԵ̿ҪʲôСż, Ҫó
Ҷҡҡͷ, ǶԵģʢիģ˶٣ҲżҾ롣
Ǿ֣ݸҶԸ⣡
ҶҲЦŴչȥˣ˳㻹һڡ
ҶƽֿҶɵõҲͣˣͷȥʢիһ˾ˡ
ҶЦŵͷ
꣬ʮͣ
ʮ쵱У챩꣬ˮдСվѵһĴꡣ
ҵ£ǵƸߣˮͳҲûʲôӰ죬ΧлǺţгǺˮЩҩˮòãûµġ
ׯڹᴩԭΣ˵˵ģֻҪ£һ¡
ԭΣȴǵ̰ӱ壬͡
Ȼˮ෨ǰ֪ǴֻüԼܵߴܱȴû취߼ʳ
ˮ飬һٳˢ£ʲôûˡ
ڳе˶Ҵֹͣ˸ֻʱȴι½˹
ι¸һ鷿Ͷү̵ӣ𲻴ҩ԰ǱľͰҩĶڻǿԷųȥʱ򡣡
ԣû˵ʲôΪ֪ι˵ġ
ֻıǶȱ͢˰٣ָϸոմ̣Ȼʼݱµ۵ǻ͵ٵİûУҲֻ֪͢ûǮֵܷطϵĸǲࡣ
ܽŵҩķųȥ¶ʮļǮҲóȥġ
ֻô
˿ι£ι£ֵĵطׯϵ軧ϵׯϵĲ˶ǴģվòԶܻЩմ״ʡ
ιһ㶡
ϼһ£ҪдΪ˵軧ǣҲҪһѲǡ
˻һιµԴ̼ƽʧܿصүƣ־Ȼáֻǵ֪үɲʲôؿ֮ˣةҲȣǳֻҲᱻƾ֤ǲʲôô
ɫƽȻѾ뵽㡣
ιĸһƶ֪زĹϱֻԼϡ
ôĳȴΪ˱Ϊңι£ҪţĲֻܶҪסǣڹͣԺҪǵ顣
˵ԼǸȱĳ෴ںĲǼˣԵûйϵ۾գһ£ܹǸпģѵĶйϵģȻŲʡ
µģǹ»ƹ񣬻Ƕӵ軧ˡ
Щ軧ûʲôҵף滹вбµģؼǺһģΪѵá
εĻȥ˵ģҲ
ιֹ˹֣ҡ
˵ֻ̧̧꣬סĻԶֻǮ飬ι£˵ȥ׼ɣܲԿġ
ιµ˵ͷٶʣӦһǡ첽ȥ׼ˡ
ʼգû˵ι²ԣ¿ιЩ飬ιµ뷨Ǵ˵뷨
²ؼˣڱ˹úúԼúѰ˶ѡߡ
ֻѡñ˹úãҲȫʥķøЩ
Ǯ׬Ҫû˲ˡ
˸ׯϵĵ軧ǴӴģʲôºЩͷûϵҲࡣ
˼ҵģֻԺߵҲô˳졣
ѣҪɢȴס
ǣڶһ磬ѷֱȥׯӡ
ׯ֣ʮɵ軧ǻȥзַжڻҾҲȡһ룬ȼҲů
ǴʮУҩģ׼ҩԼۻȥգԤߡ
ʵҪǮĲ࣬ҶķǮϻӲû̫࣬ȴ֮ǰڻĶ˲ٳȥǶʵʵʳҩģҩģߵʱźƺƵ
ЩʳҩĵǮǺ͸ҹµ˵ģǡ
æգʱȶ
ЩʱûкҶ˵ġ
С˲ȴԼԺͷҩĻ޶˽һá
ЩҩĻʯѿͼӰҲϡѰڶǱҲ˲٣һվܶģǸ
ҡҶںҶƽ˵ʱȻҲû漰ЩҶƽִʱֻǵ磬ˮչǵ·Ţߣٵȼհɡ
ҶƽЦЦ£ﵽϵĴ·ʱȥƣͨģɵԺҲؿˣҲȥǡ
ⲻΪǣҲǳʵУҶƽȻи
ҶҲûжǣֻȥ˸ӳݸ
ţеᣬɫҲẠ̊́⡭ڲͬ
ǰҶЦųȥҾҵִӣˡ
ֽӹǸ̵ӣֿ˿Ҷ˰˵һ䣺ܺÿģɩɩá
ҶƽƳһۣҲ˵Ϲ
ĬĬϴ˵ɩɩѿƪ֣Ų˵ʵءʵÿÿˣɩɩִӣȻÿ˭˵ÿ˭Ϲ
ҶҲϸϵɫţ´ڸܴ򼸸źá
ȳԺӣȥ
ɶԼЩæֲֻᣬֻҶƽֽԼҵܵƽƽ͵ʲôû˵
ȴ֪Ҷƽֽ͵Ժ֮󣬲ŷԼװһֽ
·ʱģҪֽҶĵѾƥʱ飬ҶƽżԼӦҶҪĵġ
ʵС£ûдȥҶҲԹҹȥô죬ֻҶԼˡ
ǶҶƽֶԣֻҪС˵ģǾͿʥּһҪġ
ܲСʧ
Ҷƽֵתͷȥϵķʢի׼ٸҶһͻȥ㵢ʱ򣬻ȥ˻ᱻ𷣣Ҳֵ
ĵʱҶƽֿƽʱûʲôͬƽȴ
Ѱֶ޿ɱģȻ̰͢ӣӿӵǲǾ£ֻܲҪġ
εĴӱ͵ҶƽҲܲµѰ˵ЩΪҪǳӿı·
ǵڱ߹ʱҲܵеǳ˵ңϵֻ¶ҿš
ŷƽ˾ģʲôѷƵġ
ҶƽֲɵŷʢիĻƵû˵𣿡
Ҷƽĵʱ򣬾кģ»һҶƽְһߵ͹εˮְɣ͹ٴˣ֪飬ˮ֮󣬳˳͢ǮǱߵҲʹ˴ֳʳֳеģЩûܣ͹ǰߣ϶ܿ·߸˻Ʒĳˡ
Ҷƽһ㶣æʵǶߵǸң
ЦɲǸңĸ٣ҲȱĳˡƽõĵĵݸҶƽ֣͹úá
ҶƽֽӹֽĵĻţҶƽȴĿڵĵطЩ
վ˰ΣҶƽȴûлңȥҩ̣СƽȥңͿӱ޵Ļ˾ǡ
һ±ǵӽһ㲻©Ľ˳ʡ
ʶԴ¾Ǻ֪顣
˱ʣ΢΢üִԱһҳһۣһ¡
˵ةµָ֪зȴֺûڴг
ûᣬͳȥĶŹĿԼͷϣΪǵҪô
ȻỳҶƽֵģȻҶƽףҶƽǳߵĴ̹ϣֻ֮Ҫ΢֪飬Ҷƽܲѡ
ֻǣûҶƽ˵ôһ䣬ֻ³ʾԲȥרŲеϸڡ
⵽ֻ̰ð죬ǿµۼλȶ
۾û˵
ܿ죬Ҷƽֵˣƽɡ󣬳ʶҶƽֵԹзһ̰ƣͣʵѵá
Ҷƽֿ˳һۣţ˵Ľɹ˵Լ÷Ľȴ˵˭ô£
ѾЦùֽӺд˼ֽ֣˻˵ʲôҶƽ־Ͳ֪ˡ
ڸְһСةС֪ص飬ھŶ㲻ϡ
ʵҶͳ飬ȴȻڹԱдˡ


118 
ǿ, ǹϵ̸ڣеʲô鶼סġ
οҲû˿, дȥҶϢȻǳ˳ɳȥ
ҵ˭ģдʲô֣ȴûȥ̽
̽, Ϊͷ˾֪, »ʰͲȥɨϢ˸ֱ, ȥҧ»ʰ̽, û˵
ڳǲô, û֪˭ҲԸðա
ֻҶƽֱ۾֪ʲô
Щ˭û˵ֻںͻȥʱ͸¶һ
˵ҪνңԷϵĹЩȵĿҶƽ֡
Ҷƽֵ˵ͷ, û˵乭, һ˰ģŻصʵûʲôף, û϶˼ν, Ҳ÷һ, ҲֵһҰ
ȫ֮, ȰˮѾˣơ
Լ˵ƾֻҪȥ΢һ¾һ
ة֪أǳѾȥˡ
ôҶֻΪ˼νҵġ
ȽҶƽ佫ڳʻǸ˽һЩģ룬Ҷһ£÷תˡ
Ҷƽһ㶣ʲô˼
ЦеĿҶƽָָ֣Զӣ˵ģȥԵ㶫żӸͣҲŻ˵
ʵҶƽʲôҲⲻ֮СȤˣҶƽĴչ˵ûȻʲô
˭֪ҶƽֵתͷһͷվһëĿɳ۶ܿˡ
һԵæȥԭأ˵۾ܿϾ¶ЩΡ
ˣԼҪ˼ⲻǺ
´ξͲѡһĻᣬֱʵһۿ׵ļһ͸øȷָ֪Լʲô
ҶƽִҰáɽʱѾûа㲻ãЦŶҶƽֵŰʱŸĹ˵ȥ⼦ˣӿˡ
Ҷƽ̵Ǹ׵רץĻġ
΢΢һ㶣ץʲô
Ҷһ׵ĺÿҲǺõġ
Χ˶֪֪Ȥĵͷǿǰӣ¶һĨЦ
ߣֻϻҲӥȴûӡ
ģǲҪҶƽָģȻϲ
̽̽ӣڻС࣬СŪҲģߣ˼ëðȷʵÿůֵҲ
Ȼ󻹱СӣͬҶƽһȥͤЪš
ҶƽǿŻո˵Ļܸ𣿡
һ֪ղɽץӵģֻ¶ΪֺԼͦõģ˼ҼȻֺ˾ҪܣǼƽĻǿδ顣
Сӣ㻺Ȼֺ֪ҵжĹǼȻǽãѾһ̤˻̵żҶһ£·Ժ·Ȼߺܶࡣ
Ҷƽ룬÷Ҫھ⣬ǷЩ
ЦһϾ⾩ӱվŵĶǳдԱֻһҶߣǹģҲôŬŬܸǳġ
ҶƽĵͷǲҪЩ¡
ȴ֪ڣľ˸󽫾ǨûĹôֻҪͷȥˡ
ǻȴЩֻ°ͶҶƽЦ
ϲҶƽ֣ϲֱʣȻĹֱĥûˣοҶƽֿɲǹҵˣǻʵ۵ĽǨ֮½־ˣ˷ӰҶƽֵǰ̡
ҶƽֹĵĻҶҪҪ߽Ҳи׼
ҡҡͷǲ˵ĺã˫ӣٵ飬˵Ҷ·͹ȥģҪſǲ٣ֻһʱҲͲ͵֪ôˡ
Ҷƽ־û˵ͷҲɲ١
׼ôŹϢ֣ץסҶƽֵָ⡣
Ҷƽһûջֻ֣ǿ˻Ůܲס
۾֮ǰ˵ʲôֱ֮ǰһµģɣ
ҶƽһǸʹˣſԡ
ǲͳˣڣ㵱ʲô
ǰƽֵӡ
⻰˵оݣȴ̫ϲ
Цſ߬ĸЩǽȻӣǣҵһظԸ𣿡
Ҷƽ촽˿ͻȻ֣߬ǣְͻ͹
һ㶣ЦվߵҶƽߡ
Щлɱ˸ѻŪɵСӣȻͷ˺ȻҪݺġ
˿ң½ɣ軧ҲĻׯϣ˵мһҹ
һֱûҡﶼбˡ
ѰʱЩϲ˵ҲңϾ˼óĶʵʵʳĶʵʵǮΪһĶ٣ο˼Ұ㶼ûԽԵѵá
ȥʱ򣬳ԼһݵģһػУǴһ࣬Ҳе㲻ȥˣȻһ·һ·ݣֲʵЩܲס
˿ʱϾͰϱ˵˵죬ٲȻȥ԰￴ӵС
һ԰ʱͷЩû߶ԶȥϢӵҸ˫ӣҪСЩ
Ҷӹϣº֮ǰƹˣ˵ˣôҪ߶źá
ҲӵģȻ֪ǲǹÿ߲˳ֻ֮ǰ˵ҶҪΪ첻⾾ģҶصޣ࿴Щ
ҶѾ£ϵͷºͣͺãӶæ߾ͽҺɩɩǴ񱦣ϸЩҲˡ
ҶӦһɣĵϵһŴ׸⡣
֪ԣûٴԺȣת˷ϣʵ⼸ջ𣿡
ķ飬̫һվͰӲŶͷϵĻϻصΣܿˣׯ黹Ҫٳ֣Щ¶Ҫסׯͷġ
ϵ˵ͷתת飬Цŵʲô㣬
˵⻰ʱȻЦȴǸġ
֮ǰѿַ飬Ǹ߹ϵģϲ֪ûкͷһ룬ûϾôϱﶨȻǲùġ
Ǻ£ܾģܻ£û
ҲҪ˼ŷֲǡ
ϱţΪ¶ʲô϶ǾͰ˵ԼҲܺùӰСڵĹϵ
ϱ̹öֱ࣬ӵ˵֮ǰɣ¶֪ңҲͬġ
˻һϾ;ȵĿŷϣƺû뵽ԼҴϱô˵ɵʵۣ
һҧصۣ۵Ƿ죬ۻͷۣŶӶۣһû˯žҲܲ˴ɣ˵е̫Ϣ⣬֮衣ĸ޿񣬾ȡ׳Һ
ϣ
Ҷɩ˵Ļô
ƶǼ仰ȻԼҴ˵ģҲóϵ˼
ǶԵģϲԣȴסۣʳǴĿ⣬ɷΪѣҲˡ
ϲɵЦԼŵķݸϣЦŵŰɣľҲǺõġ
һ㶣ѰȷʵϲֶռˣԼĸôİ֮ͷһ⡣
æӹЦźлϡİѷϣЦеġ
̫ЩҶ񱦸ˣлԼԺӡ
һţ񱦵

һɤӣ˵ǸҶԺҲõ
æȥ᷿սȥҶͿڴϵŲϻ۰Ͱ͵İŴͷԴתתģһֱҶţСӲ˲ϻСվСҶ
Ҷ˴ߣַסôСַվţ۾ȴǿĪʵôˣ
ĪЦЦСүԵúܣԺ˵˶Ȼһֱڿ飬ֵģոǴӴƼųġ
񱦸ŵͷҲ֪ûĪӵĻһֱֻԼǼʶģĵ񱦣Թԡ
Ҷܲ˵ľԼҶӿɰӣͷһڣϡ
һֱĻ˵׶ӲͲҪҶֻܴҶţԲԲԴҶѣצҶָͷ
С˲ǿ齼Ϸŵ顣
ϴ˵񱦿飬⺢ӵſ־񱦲ֻ֣Ǽ˴˿飬͸ѧѧˡ
οǸͼ飬滭ĶǸСµĻӿֺǡ
С˲Ҳճ˲ã֮ǰ飬ûƼͼ飬ҲȤùһ𿴡
ֻůȺģߡ
鿴ſţҶƤͿʼܣûþͱ˯˹ȥ
ող˯ѵ񱦻ţŴҶֵƣԼԼֺǣҲ֪ʲôȻֶ飬˲ϻ棬˵ֻԼöĻˣĪι࣬Ҷ
һСؽҶ̣ո˵˵ҪүͶȥԲ衣
Ҷ۾ȵӲ˲ʵ˭ӣ
֪ش˸ӣεةҲȥ
ΣȥŻةô
Ҷգգ۾ŵҲףͻˣ²Ƶģһֳһ磬ʵ๫˵Ҫȥ
үӦˡ
๫İžˡ˵ţҶվͷ̫ЩЦŵʱ仹磬ߣȥתת
Ҷ߶ҪСЩǰܰͣÿĸŶҪü˸š
ҶĲĪšһʵӣǰǲ񱦵ϣҪ˻Ǳ֮ǰקһקʡĺˤˣͬʱҲֹܷ⺢־ûˡ
ֻҪҶһţ񱦾ҶСžžવĸӲԼԶ
ȷҶ̥αߵԶЩԼԺӸתȥ֮ǰ÷Ժӡ
Ѿ³Ȼû÷ģһá
ǰ˲ŵļһھˮʪûз価ȻŲ֣ǽޡ
ҶԺͷʯ£ǱСءǣţȥ°ͷ
Сؽظ񱦣Сġ
̧ͷ˿Ժǽ
ԱСڵԺӲһǽ֮ѰСڶϲԺǽѲƵģȴûӰ
СصСڰΣСճѾϰˣֲʵ
վ°ԴһͶϵĻꡣ
Сֺģ˶٣Ҳ̰ģöǶ٣СץŻҶĵĵݸ
ҶæֽӹɢɢЩץ˵Ļ꣬ȴĪĸж
С˲ʵΪĸûʲô⣬˳죬ҶԴžǶ˸İСȴûʲôԵĸд
ЦǺǵĸԼһ黨СӣҶȴͻȻЩǰûе顣
Ҷӣá
ֱ񱦣ཱུ˸ʵʵףҶĪӵЩ̸
ӶãȻҪģʲôС˲ξóԵľõġ
̸Ÿ飬һЦ֡
̸ȴĪӣ
⼸ɶæڰͳȥǮ׬Щһ鷿ֱԼԺӣ·Īӣ̸ˡ
һԺӵţıһվŵ޶
Ҷͷ񱦣񱦱ҶС۰Ͱ͵ĿһĻ΢΢
ŲɵüӿЩ̸ӵݸСأסҶļ۲ۣ
ҶЩȵĻͷˣ
ţ̶ӳιȥ˵ţСӣŶСصȥ԰ɣ
СӦһͷСֶձʯ
Ȼ񱦸Ҫ׵ȣǻԣѾСرԶˡ
۰Ͱ͵Ǳ£ԼҵվһԽԽˣ˱죬СػŤŤŴԼԡ
Сرŵ˵ϣӲ˲֣ȻڱȽϰʯϣųԡ
ֹȥץסһ̸⣬һҧȥЦֺǺǵġ
ĪһԿţɵõͷгԵľ͸ˣСүǺܺúġ
ӳԵ̸һ㶼ĲСھܳ꣬񱦸ոպȹ࣬˰Īŵξֻ
һһڿڵҧų꣬ȻҪȥһ
ɲʲôոһֱӵµСͻȻ̽ͷȥ׼̸ô̸ϣųŤͷܡ
̣Ѹ٣Чཱུ񱦶ӦѾˡ
Щ£ǿ˿ӣֿ˿Լŵ֣۾;Ҫޡ
СڿСڵʱһܵһͻȻСԼΪһ
ɫԣСæ񱦵СүСүޣȥһ̸òã
񱦱ͣ˵
Сغ˺ģǣҸСүݣëݣƯģòã


119 
С˵Ķ, 񱦲ûмҲûġ
۾ﻹûпʼˮ΢΢ɢ, 񱦰ͷСݣ
ԣɵģء
ʵ, ղֻЩ, ˸Ҳ͸ͷ, Ҫݣ
ڶ죬ҶͿС˸
, ͼ, ĿĻźüĺɫβ
ҶɵʵСˣ
СسصĵͷҶ̷֤ģһغã
СͺԺ󣬹ԼҲкһӲðͷˡ
ͺܺù
Ҷû, ֻЦŴһԺ￴ŷݡ
װ˼ëķݲѰ飬ĶԳ, ȥ֮ҲۣƵúǸˡ
񱦶ڷݵ鱣˺һ, ż춼קȥŷݸ
ȥ֪ؼгԲ֮ǰ, ҶĪ˼չ, ǴСͬһȥϵ
ĵ, Ϊƽȣ֮ǰרŶһ棬ˮֻܿƣ
۲ƣѰֻҪʮᣬȴҪһٹᡣ
Ƕ˵һжҪȿҶҪȱľǮ
С˲ϣѵõûгԶ
ŰԲȣȶ۾ÿ˴ϵӳ⿴ţϴЦ
ɵסҶ΢΢¡СǲǱﻵˣ
Ҷûģֱʵĵ˵ͷǣԺжӶˡ
Цƫͷ˲գɣȵˣ֮ǰˮֵҲĲ࣬ȥɽϵ԰һ£ʰǾ͹ȥסһӣɺã
Ҷ۾̵ͷ
֮ǰ˵ҪȥģֻΪм˲鵢ˣҶȻӦ֮ǰĴҸµҩĶأùȥơ
ûиҶȷʵǳˡ
ǵׯмСϪƽʱխ˾ͱˣߵĵذ޵һŶ˹ȥˮˣҲߵĶߣһ㲻ʣ
ЩȥҩˣҶ֮ǰŵĽֲٲöϵİæֻ˶סҶ
ͷԼЦ۾Ϊʲôֵõġ
ȵ֪ؼʱվַҶ
һĻ֪öͬķ̫̫Ľ
˲һҪȥǰ֪ʯ𣬶ҶҪȥլ
ڶһֱſڵţƼҶǰȥסҶĸ첲۾ǿүİɣһúչ˶̵ġ
˵ͷС˼ȥǰҶǺͶһźԺȥ
ڳУϴսˣСҶ˵Ҹոռʯ֪ص֣ϣǸֱʵŮӣǵĪҪźá
ҶգգۣΪΣ
ѹҴˣ֣ԭǾѫҵŮԭһҺŴ󻧣ɲ֪ΪǼ˻ڻ飬ŵͼ޸ʯˡʯԭҲǾеĹ˱˵صСع٣ֻǱŻģҲͲҪǹȥ飬˵ľͺá
Ҷ̹ϣҲˣҲ֪ΪƱĪҪǾ˼ҵʹش
ͷҶЦЦ£ȥʲôỨҲ̫˵δҲˡ
ȴĬĬĿҶһۣ˵ҽʱͬգ£˲ģҸ͢ȼü֮Ȼ֮ǰ֪ڻˣǲԹġ
ֻ˲ǻӣʯҷֻǶүͶ̡
ȶϺҶǾѾȣ˺Ժ
ͷãбб£ȲȵĸҲɪʲô͸ů⡣
Ҷ߹ȥʱƼľ˵ĸǡ
УЩҶʶģЩҶϵãڲһĴк֪Ҳûʲô
ϵñˣ˶ϵҶ׷Ҷ
Ҷ΢¡ֻͷ㵱ˣҪȥ
Ҷӣ߰ɡʱλи޵ŮЦſҶ
СǾ֣ϡɿҶ֡
С˲룬Сعȥߵ֣ǰǾ϶Ķׯ󷽣˰á
֣Ц֣סҶºŵأô֣϶ߵѾߵҶӻյˮںȲЩ
ѾӦȥ˱յҶЦǳǳĶ֣ϵл
һԶŵĶ棬ýѧǲҷ˽̵Ҳãڶסûŵӣʵѵá
ʱҶЦźǸղŻ˵أУžиġ
󣬱˽˻磺ɲǣ֮ǰٿǾ˽֪Ȼǻ˹µġ
ЩУи𣺡ֻ£ǵ֪ط˲Ÿøл˲ǡ
˻һûڿˡ
⻰˵ȴ
ʵĶϹӣ֪֮ǰ֪غةͻȻͶְֻٰºˮֵӦԲ޹ϵ
Ȼûеõӵĸȥٵģ¶ʵѾʲôˡ
ôڿҶʵȴ˴ֽ֪ظлһƽ˵û֮˭Ҳš
Ҷȴûȥûˣֻܶűյˮ
˿˿ζ֪Ǽ˷۵ģڣ֣ЦζãˮҪֱˮҪúȵġ
֣˹հ죬ƫͷʱȴûЦݣһ˫ĳȥ
ϾԼҵᣬܲ˽ˡ
ϳˣ֣ϵۼӣȻ֪ӽ󣬱˵䣬˼ҵø徻𣿡
֣ϱЦɵк˳Ĳ㣬˰ͶȤոЩ䵭պܿ
ҶȻܲУȴȤĿϷﳢ֪ؼҵĲ㣬Ҳڡ
֣һ仰˸ûһ죬ָӣû˵ֻɫȴЩ
ķۣǸ̼˼Ҳۼȴи֪ݵ֣Զôݣ֪ҲûٸۼҺôȻ˳˳ˮ
ۼ⸽ͷģ֪ݵλȵҲȵεذѳסеһ󻧵ͷ
̩ɽλȴҪˣ
ʵϴҪ˭뵽û˼Ҷͱ˻
ˮַ֪ۼҳǮ벩ۼķֺҾͳǮĳ˷ͷ
˿ۼģۼҿǵĺô
Ҫ˵ǰϸں֪֯ĲᣬҪǿ֪еͷεģֻ
ˣû֪طߵλãҪǸҶȥô
Ҳʹ˳ȻߵķӦ꣬ǰûӡ
ƫƫ˵ǻȻ˵¶ҶԼ˼֣ϣͳӰ۸Ϲӿ
֣ЦźҶ˵
Ů֮ѰǼӣӲЩȦȥ
֣ϲ̸ЩãǼõĴ۾Ǳһõ˼ûͷףȻ֣ھлȴԸ̸
ʯùãǺլ̸عܲʡ
ںӣ֣ϵֻиŮͻСͷĲҲ߶
֣˼ɣľ׼ϷҪõмƯĻܣܹл˵ġ
֣ʹҶڼ˲ҩĻǸϧ֮ˣŰԼϲļ
ϾΪһ֪أ͵𸻻ùϵǱģȻ֣ǸŴ󻧳޸ʯ𣬷򳪸棬ȻΪ˷㣬Ҳⷽ¹
ҶȴǼ轿εĻʱԿһֻۣúÿԵȴûʲôȤ
ҶԣϲҩģصҪӵǻ
ҲвٺÿģɶǱŲ߻ˣҲϧ
֣ϼ⣬Ҳ黳ͬҶ˵Щġ
С˲ζԴ˵Ǹϲ֣˼еЦݡ
֣ļƲ٣ڸŴ󻧵бƳģվǸֱʴ󷽵ģϲıһܿ׵ˡ
һ£һȫ汾ģĵĵҲ죬֣Ҳû˳ƺϵ׽
ȵʱ֣Ҷ뿪ġ
ֻ֣øܸԼ๫ٺôԼ㣬ʹϲҶƢԣеǲ˼ֿ⡣
ʹɢǵֻжϣһ·˵ĻǡɳֳԷ߹һʱҶŲ΢٣۾ֱֱĿ˻ԣЩȡ
Ҷƺϲ֣ϱЦʵһꣿ
ҶӲǣŻһ괿覵Ļʵ֪ʲô
֣ϿһۣЦǷΪ״үʶŮϲ΢٣֣϶Ҷ罿⣬һҲ޲ɡ
Ҷȴǿ֣һۣԥһºŵֻҲܴߡ
֣ϾȣΪΣ
Ҷֿ˿֣ϣ⻨ңײܽġ


120 
˻һ, ֣ϵɴ۾û˵
һ£ʶҲ˹ȥ
ҩĸִţڻоҲǴδиģ˰ѧҽʶҩһıֶ, ǵ˸˰, ߵȻǲͬġ
ڶ˵Ҷ˵Ķʱ, һӦǲ, Ͼ֮ǰδ˵
Ǻܿ춭ϾˣΪҶޱΣҶʶҩԼҪĶ, ϶д, Ųɡ
ܿ죬ϱ㿴֣ϣʩһ, ɷȥƣ
֣ϲͨҩҶҲʡ
֣Ͻסӵ֣촽Ŷϵͷ
ҶǶĪҪ
϶ҶЦЦ, Ȼǰȥ
ҶĻȴ֣ǰһڡ
ԼŮϲıָĻ, , ж, ԼŮֻҵˣ
ǰϸϸ۲죬ſ˿ζɫһ䣬ת˻֣ϵǷ˽Ӵ
֣ϵ˵ͷɫ԰ס
Ҷذִ΢¡Сϣ۾֣ϣɣкȴȬˣ
һŮ֢״֣ϵͷס촽ԣֺ
ҶͶ϶һۣ˶Է۾Ŀ϶
ֻҶȻ֪껨ĶԣǶĻ֪Ĳȫûڡ
ѹͬԴζ޼ֻ±ΪѸֻͣǽӴзӦ
֮һ궾ֻǳһ׾ģʵﶾԡ
Ҷûģ˵ĶԣҶ⻨ĶֻҪжͺ׽⣬ֻҪЩ
ҲͷӦа취ģƾˡ
֣ϱ˱۾˶ɿӵ֡
ǰ֣ɫ֣أҶͶ΢΢ЩɳƣͶӵľ֮Ҷص
ҶͶæһȴûͬ˵ʲôǰȥ
֣뿪սӵ֣ҧݣɫ԰ףʱιȥƵġ
æˣҪھȥˣкԺǸҪھʹ
֣ϺֹҪ⻨ҪھһѻˣǸӺԼŮŮһҹ
֣֪ԼôΪڲǸΪ֣ҶǼΪ˸Ҫɾֻжλʯһ£δӲܺù
ŮȻ֣絶ʣӲŶӵ˭˵ҲдŻȥߵ¶ҵ֪Ȼլ֮Ҳ˿ʵ
һ£æʣǷˣǾʲô𣿡
ȻҪģֻǲçײ๫˳سȻҪѭ浸һʱУ黹Ҫı֣һ˵һ߷ӳźԺߡ
ӵǲˣǺԺǸѰģҲ͸ǹҪôı
֣˿³ƽȣһң֮ǰ๫ıãֻҪ檣Ժǻһ仰顣飬еǰ취ǣ˭͵ĲҪôòҪ
Щף֣Ҳû͡
ѰŮӣŴ󻧣ֺլ˽ֻ֣˼ֶ벻ۣҶ񶾣ҲԼ©죬Ůܿ
ԺǸĹѾǸˣ£ûʲôġ
ֻһҵȴ²֣Ŀ
ǸСûʶ£ȻߥޣҷھʱͱģǾµģ߻ʵԶ֣Ҳûô֡
ҪͲܺʯСسﵱСٹһӣҪʯǨؾС
ھЩ˵Դϣʯ˴ľģϽġ
֣ϼȲҲ֣˼תȥɾ˵Ҫ顣
Ӧһ뿪ˡ
֣ǻͷ覣ʤѩ
ӣ֣Ͽ첽˺ãȥȴʯĵ
ǰʯһƵġ
ԭʯ˽ֻ紫Ϊ˸ˣֻҲΪȨš
ļ棬ȴʯƢʶ
ִŷʲôϤģһΪ˼ӣԼ㱿˵ƹĳʡ
һļҹ黳һĲƵʧһġ˵ʲôʲô
ʯȫȻ֪ʲôЩ̼֮еһˡ
Ȼڶ˲ǰӣ֮һǲΪǮҲúܶΪ֮ܲϵͭ
ʯӡȴΪͬ
ʯһ˵Ϊ٣ȼ棬ֿٷһӣȻ⡣
վǿģŮ
ָϰǰ̬ģʯԽԽ˳ۣϯɢȥʱʯר˵䡣
̸ı֮ǰ٣Լ͢Ҫļναٸ֮ǰͬеıǻԸҶ񱾹ٵΣҶҲ쵽֪ݵĸˡ
һ㶣֪ǳʹ·ģΪģ˰ֻ»ԼҵĻݡ
ϣȴ¶΢ȵģˣҲδʲôνҪ
ʯȻ֪ӲȳˣæҲվַסпλɵǸ֮ˣ˼ܵõϼνҲΪ档
ƵģֻױЩ۸ԼԺҪһǡ
֪ؿϴЦ⣬Ҷ䣬ҲӦõģƴǡ
˵ͷʯһ
ʯ˿ģʯ𣬶ֱһʣ޲Ϊֿѡ
ʱ֣źӼҴҵ˽˵ʲô
ʯɫһ䣬״ʱصˣӲ㣬һȥ
ȥɣĪҪ÷˾õȡ
뿪ǰͷƣͿʯɫҴҵĳźöȥ
ڷʲô⣬˼ҵļ£Լûʲô
ֻ߳ʱƼվڲԶƺڵƹ
ƹ̿첽˹ȥЦɵʯ֪صʶϲɺء
Ǯׯƹʶˣ֮ǰڰ⵹̼ҵʱƹ齨̶ʱҲƹЭҵʵ򵼺ʦ
񿴵ƹͣ½Ųһ񣬵ƹ֪ƹңʲôҪ
ƹߵһԣƹ˵֪̽ҵ
˵ͷ¶Ǵʯ֪ģҶ֮ǰһ³̣֪ݻ̽ԼҲ֡
ƹȻĲͬЩĵĿۼ˹ǼͶܣΪСҲɻǮҲˡ˵ףۼҶ֪ݳ㲻ЩôȥϾơ
˻һƹ˼
֪֪ҵģƹֻ˻ԼĻ
ƹ⻰ȻΪǵģԹܶ㿪㿪
ȴûдӦ
֪ôʵǾûбҪиԼҶĿɽиõ۵Ĵ˸磬£ˣǲǷˡ
ƹҲǿֻ˵˵Լĵģһ߳š
ҵȴ̫ң̽ͷһƼԼټǰһݴһĳߣ˸ʵʵ
棬ŵľۼҵӡ
ɫ鵭ȻƹۼӲ˰˳
ۼУƲƲ죬һЦ
ƺ˼Ϸ죬˶㿴ʵЦʲô
ȻԼոںԼɾԼ֪Ǹɫģ˰ֻ˵ûãԲ
ϾͲЩ¶ֻ˵ֿȵ¹󣬵ȥҲûʲôϡģССǲ̨档
Ϊɲѣ˭֪ȴڵİɣѾҪҸˣǲƣQ˼졣
۾һģ
ȻˣЩģǵȻƭʲô
Цţվﻹۼģһӳģʲô
ԼոסҵֻѾѪ˰ɡ
ϣҶûۼҷ򸾷ϣᶼûᡣ
һϳʹյҶߣԼӵСƺһ³һԼ°ͷŵŮ˵ľѣʯҷദΣ
ҶԼסԣЦŻصͦõģԺĻǲ֡
㲻ʲô£ûʡ
ҶȴղֻЩ㣬û̫ණЩ
ԣַŵСţٵȵȣȥжˡ
С˲ЦЦӿ˵˽ûþ˯ˡ
ͷԼҽգŰѸո֪ĺϢӷȴʱҲҶ˵Ҳһġ
˭뵽ôһȣȥ͵Ҷ֪¡


121 
Ҫýҵ, ֪˲࣬һ
ûöˣӵʵʵĿġ
ȥһ˾ǣºǼʶνľǷ
ҹŻǧ䡢ꡣ·ת, һҹ衣
֮ǰڸʱĴ, ʱֻдĿţھǹ, ֪ʫʲһ
ֵط, ֻһҲãֻҲǴĺô
ټϻʵ͵ҶȻһϯ֮ء
, Ӿô۰Ͱ͵صš
һ첻, 첻ʮ첻ʮ첻
һֱȥ£̵ĶӶ, ʱҲӴյʢģһҶɽϵԺӣҲҵҡ
ôãӶ÷ˣ֪Ǳһֱû, ʯʹü, Щ̲סˡ
ֻ, Ҫɽϵ԰ס, ׼ܶ࣬ҲûҵʵĻᡣ
죬ȵү᷿￴˵ʱץסʵү֮ҲţǷ𣿡
ƽͣ˱ϹдôôУ֪ݴҲû˵ֻǷųȥҪˡϾҶдãȴûԵһҪôˡ
Щ⣺ҪʲôôѲɣҲҪƹ͸˲У
ɷһҳۼңǡμν٣ȻѵȴǶһ޶֪ݺܶ÷ִ󡣡
Ͳ·һּ񣿡
ûпֻּӶѣ˵Լ¹٣л˵ġ˵ҵȾ֮ˣмϴ
үܡ
ھҶƽһ𿴹ģҲҶƽֵլס֪һЩԼҶүı¡
ϴֻ¾һŵ¶
ǼȻ˵Ҳʣүô죬ôŲҲǸ¶
ҲҡҡͷΣܸһͭ塣
᲻ЩǮҲ֪أʵϣĳÿҪĲ٣̶ӹЩؿʱûٴǮ
βͬ
֮֪ݾóʲѯΪ֪飬ȴ֪μȻѶȥˣҪʵġ
ǳʵƢ͸ˣ˼γǸ׻Ǹˣ˱ˣǶϣرġ
ҶǳҶƽԼûдţΪҶƽһԼĸл;ϲȻԴﹹ˼һԼȵģֻЩóϲʤ
Ǹ˵Ŀ־ô򵥡
ԼһֱûжǿİһûҶƽдʱȻµеĲԾ
ʱԼΪõҶȥ֪Ҷû٣Լڳӡֻ»ֱӱ
λһֱǸǹ񡢲رĳ֮ˣΪǸΪ˽ҶǮ¸ģ롣
Σܱ
뵽ţö룬ֻ֪ˡ
ӶһȫεģҲͲٶʣͷӦ
Ҳܰˣ̵ĹԽԽãԼЩСģ̶ǲ⣺ү㲻𣿡
ûصá
̣ôˣ
Ӿĳò̡
ӣ
ͻȻãԼү̫ʹ׬ǮԲݴϻۡ
ҶǶЩ֪飬Ҳ˷ݾģӹø˵úܣɽϵ԰ӺҶԱ֮ǰСԺʱԵڵĶࡣ
ȻҶϲ˵ҲϲÿԳԺȺȵӣϾǸɽҰǧ˲ξ˼ĿԶߵĲԭɽ֣ǴСԺⷳơ
ںˣɽϱҪˬ٣лвݣˮͳĿɫһƬֻ߿㹻ϲġ
쿴ҩģʯţʢʱ֣ɡҶ࣬һСϪС˲˵Ҳɰӡ
԰Ҷıˡ
һֻд˼һΪҪ޽ݣҪڻˮϴУ͸磬һЩɴʣҪϸĲϣ紵ƮƮҡҡģͨ磬ø¡
ԵϪˮ޽һˮġȳϪˮʱȳתŵľ޴Ҷҡڣ޷ҲȳټϪˮҲ͸ˬһͨ͸ࡣ
ȳˮһ𣬵ȵʱбݵݶˮԺܴݶ̫濾ӶҲˬ
ҶźӣԲ̫Ķݱĵط
ȿҩģߣҶһϢ
񱦷ŵϯϣЩԣԼȥϯһ޲ţŷҶ¡
ҶӲ۾ǿ๫ȣԱҡ
ǰ˶ҶӦ⻳֮˲ܳԶ˺֮˫ɾ۾رҪҪĶ˫ϣȴǿסˣþеĿԼҪ̵ͷ۾һԵСء
Сᣬ˳̽һֱûԣϵˮûȹġ
֮⣬ԼҶôãҲõõͷǡ
ŵͷҶ״˰ѱҶ
ʱװɵıҾͱŵҶǰŵӲСıҲ׵˹·ϻЩˣԽСЩ
ҶҲ֪Լ̥£ýСģɲΪ̰ӣȻǳԣҲǻЩġ
С˲ףֻӼһ㣬Žﺬš
ڶ콫ţ̼Ǻϰټ׷ۣȻ棬ȵտ֮ʱȡһ飬ϸϸĥˣټǵƶɡ
ŲĶҪķѵĹǲ١
ЩԸȥ׼֪࣬Ҳ࣬Լҽ̹ϣӲԼ˼ԡ
Ҷһ㺬ų˵ͷıңЩӣζɢˣ˼Ťͷȥ񱦡
ƼϯϣཱུȹԹԵţ첲Ǵϣ峺۾ؿ
һѧ֡񱦵Ӧ̨ɹӦޡλ̨磬ְ⡣
գգ۾ʵʲô
ЦЦһֹ٣ܴܴ󡣡
ж󣿡
ر󡣡
ȵ󣿡
ţȻ
񱦵һӾܹŵ
̫ΪʲôԼҶͻȻʶľթǼȻˣܲܲ˵ֵͷǣܹŵ
Ťһ£̫ʹཱུϯϴ˸ϯ˼£Ҷã㿪ҶĶӣСһѱסҶĸ첲ŴŴģҪࡣ

ͻȻ˸־ĶӣЩӦ
ҶʵΪʲô
̰ԴԾܵõÿ飬


122 
뵱־, ֵ֧, Ͼ˭ҺӶи룬Լֶûʲô
δǾ, ǿƾ;, öӱϾҪԼѡ
뵱ûϵ, ˭أ
ܲܵ, ͿԼ컯ˡ
˵ҪԼÿɷ, ֻǰѡѧ֡˸һƪһһĸ, Ǿ䡰ľ߶Ƹ֮ľͶ֮ǸԼֶӡ
Ҷӣҹһӣ㵱඼ʹ
ҪһԼҶӵĳ룬ȴû뵽̵ġ
ڳʱ, ҶҫҶ˺ö飡
εĿϸˣرģ񱦾úܸ, ԵʱЦеġ
ҶһιһЦſ, ǿЩȻҪ, 쵹һ̬Ҫˡ
קקҶӣ񱦡˵꣬񱦵۾ҶӣҲ񱦡˵꣬ͳķ۷۵Сš
Ҷæһ׵յζι񱦣ȴȻ๫񱦿á
û˵ֻҭûš
˵ͦæģС
Ҳ˵Լ˵ô࣬ǺҪɵСӼסԺҪԼĻ
Ǹղʣ񱦰С¶ЩǲҲǵףƫƫ֪ĵȴǰֶû¶־Ȼǵ࣬ĿȻǹܵ
Ūû˰취ֲҶǰ˵ԼֶֻһԲ
ɿһĳŵСһһģ˼Լû뵽顣
Ҷһ׵¶ȵʱͻȻץסҶ
󣬽ŮŵӴյԼߣˡ
Ҷ
񱦣
ոջȵСȥץﺰţ³
ʵŵʱҲЩȣԼûԼֺͶԵ
֮ǰ񱦺̵ʱԼǷȤ
ڻǾǡһʱ嶯ˡ
⺢ӳԵĵͬڴ˳ԵģΣûζԽøոԼɵ
ĵˣһĬĬվ˵˾䣺ȥ˲ᡣȻͿ첽ȥ˸᷿
Ҷǿ˿񱦣˼
񱦻죬Ҷ˳ִԱһ̸⣬С
ǰԵϬһ̸ԽȥüЦ۰Ͱ͵ĿҶһڡ
ϳҹʱҶһ뼦࣬ǿԼϵĵĬԡ
գǰѵһĳԹˣַҶȥϴ˯
Ҷ̥£ӱϴλ񱦵ʱԴЩҲã˯ҲǴδζ̹
żıһҶͻʱϻѺüΡ
θоС˲۾ǳ⿴˿Ƽ¹⣬ԼŻصĸо
΢΢֧ŹҶƼǸԼȵˡ
ⲻһ¶ϴҶ̥ʱͳҶʱᳵ·
ˣͣ¶һԵӸԼ˲֣ɵҶߣʵôˣҳˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ£ֻǺӶ˶
ỷסҶӣ۾ȴǿŮ¡ĸѹҪˣ
⻰Ҷգգ۾ô˵õ𣿡
ɷµĵ˵˵ˡ
֪ǲɺϣ˵꣬СһľʵˣҶȴЩ˯š
ʢĿҲö죬ҶҪﶼãȺģȻǺãһǵͻˡ
ǵַŵϣҶ͸⣬ֽŲõǱߴգϸϸĸ첲ˣ˹ȥ
ϥ˵֮䣬Լ߹˹
Ǽ׽ģҶıȴˡ
ĺһͣŵʵôˣ
ҶְЩŵ๫ģֻΪӻûȫ˵ţҶִսЩ
ҲܶԼ๫һ
ȴǾˡ
ڽʱ޿̲ڼǹԼڰʵǽ붼ѡ
ǣûãС˲ξͷָոջ˿˿๫ͻȻȺģǲգ̵ģȫû˸ոյ
ɿЩɻ๫𣿡
û˵ֻܴӴÿ͸ɴʡ
ŤͷҶǽﻹȣǲȥߣ΢ɢɢҲǺõġ
Ҳ˯ţҶͷ˰ԼЬ࣬Ҷϸ͸˿ţЯ뿪ӡ
棬ҹ˾ˮ
ԷԶıϪˮҹʱܽУҲϸ΢졣
ȻС˲βǸϲʫˣҲݲҹȻúÿúܣҲǳǳЦ⡣
ǲûԶţɽ治ˣżһЩײĶҶϾӴ˲٣ǱŵҲǼ£ֻϪˮһߡ
ҹȲôɽˣܹҪˬЩģֻһҶ˺ܶࡣ
ͱ͸ˣҲС˲һ׮飬Ťͷ๫ûӵ֣
רĵطԣҲŮǽٻǶӣǴӡš͡aѡһ
ҶգգۣЩֲ壬ֶ̯дơ
ʳָָطҶҪд
˭֪һҶֹסЦƺæջ֣ˡ
һ㶣ҲЦûȥ֣ǶһԵ֦СϪԱд֡
Ҷ֪ȡҪЩɵģţ߾ͬһƫԲ׵ģһ۾ܿѪԵϵģҲǼǿֵܹһַʽ
ʯͷƣ񱦽ߣдҲͷġ
ֻҶ̫Ƕʲô˼ʶûʣֻһָָۣ
ѡǡšɵʵΪʲô
ʵ˼˵ν伮aνǷ֮ǸǺ֣ҪҶ뷨
С˲һĶұʻ̫ˣҪaֻ֣ԺѧдֶҪѧһ󡣡
˵ĺе
Ц˵ͷڡšϻ˸ȦǾѡˣͷдţò´Ҳõ
Ȿ˵ģҶһ͵ͷȻҪõģԺõš
ԣЦӦһ˲֣·סҶƵߡ
תһȦЩۣҶһ¾˯ˣһֱڶɫҲûѡ
˺Ҳûһ˸˰Ҷߣܱţŵ𴲣ȥ
ɲ鷭һ
³Ҷ߹ȥŴ򿪣Сôˣ
СҲµԼҶûأԾҲŵضүĻ˼ˣ˵үлǰүȥưɡ
Աüͷ΢塣
˼ߵİ£ܣѾ·ݣֻвµʱ䣬ԼӦԺǴ±ȻߵİɽѰԼ
Ҳ飬ֻܰ£عţһ߳Ժһʵ˵ʲô¶𣿡
ûУֻ˵˼żæŵģǼ¡
ÿԺӣСص㲻øȥˣţǽźǣ˵ϻ
СֹסŲ˳ǡ
Ǵӣǰȥ
һţͿԭشת˼Ȼˬ峿ͨ͸˼ͷѾһĺ
ţ˼æСܹȥүүүң
Ӹһ裬Ҫ˵
˼ЩͣԽԽء
ȹһˮȥɫԶҲȸոЩүǣүģ˵ˣ
΢㶣ʵأ𣿡
û£û£ǣү⡢̨ͷ
˸õԤУʲǫ̂ʲô
˼ֹһˮŵү˵͵Ķװͷˡ


123 
, վ, ֺܿˡ
ʹˣҲܿһ˲𾪡
ֻеԵ, ûжκ˵, Ҳ֪ĲǸ̨ô, ֮
³ͳʱǵ͵, ֻҪ֣Ǿ, ȻǶӲõġ
˼ԼΪϧͳֵ֮, Լ͵úñ棬ȻҪŪæ
Ƕ˵ɲ飬һã֮֡
Ѱ˼ҵø֮ǶҪ㰸, úùţ
ԵЩڲͬҲǳ͵ʱҲûô֣¡
Ȼ˵, λ»Զûô, ĳһ, ȴ㱻ߡ
ܿҲˣ˾Ͷˣǲ˵˭֪˭ģ
ǣ˵Ͳ˵ˡ
ϣ΢΢˱۾
֪ԼүһûţȻ֮ǰֽһ㣬ҲȳЩӱȥʢһԭǸҶ׼Ļݸȡ
һȥľЩſ˼ɵ׳ʲô飬Ҫһһʮĺϸ˵
˼ᣬͲ䣬˵ֻ˵塣
뵽㣬˼дһŴ
ùţչһĿʮеĿ˸Уܿԭί
˵һֱԺò˸ʱţǱȥе̯Щ˭֪·Ůӣ˵Լ׷ɱƣʮֿ
ֻȻСȴյҲ˸ҵ׷ɱŮӣƲߡ
˭֪ŮӾȻˣô̱ϣƫƫֻץ˼š
ʱһȺŶֵ̺˳Ӳƫƫ˼ŮӲˣѲȺòȴѾЩ˵Ӱˡ
ֻͨ˾ͶˣվҪƿ֮ˣΪأʵûʱ䱨٣ҲûʱӦ˾͵Ķ
֪꣬ԼҵܵǱˡ
õļ㲻ø˼ҾͶôô֡
ֻǱϾ˶ƭԼҵܵܰ治˵壬㽫ŷŵһԣ˼ĻֻҪ˵ǺͲǾˣҪҰܣ˵ʵ
˼ԹԵվԱ˵ͷ
ֺ˵Ůӣزʶʲôծ˼Ůˣ
˼һ㶣һ죬ҡͷ
ãٸңǲǺ˭Թ
˼ϸ룬ҡҡͷǡ
үԺţҪԹҲûġ
ֵһ룬Щ˳ʱֻɣǻˣ
˼̵ֻֻү˶٣ʵЩҪүģֻǡҰǿǸŮˣʱ
˼ǲУҲͿУʵµģҲǲϸҲ˼
£˼סֻ˵Щ˾Ϊ
˼ʵʵ˵ŵүҪˣһӰ˿ƿ鷳
ԣ֪˼ĵǣҲοԼɵܵ˸׵İӸ˼˸Ҳʢ
ϸ֮ϷûʲôǣֻȻרųȥġ
ʲôŮʲôᣬ˼ҵıΪ˵ľֻɰˡ
ǲǻңҿ϶Ƕйϵġ
˵ϴ̼ɽΪؿ¶ԵЩûͷûβ
ģҲѰ˼ңвŵģ֪ݵžЩ˵ڳ£ģȻǱ˳
ǺߣǾԽŹҪ֪˭Ĳź÷Ȼˣ˼ܻеڶεΡ
ᣬҪԣһָǲɵġ
ǣ̶ӵ˼ɽھȥ֪ʯ֪أ˵˵£æĻ֮ˡ
ԥһµү֪ش˻᲻᲻ܣ
û˵óⲻѰ¡
Ȼʯ֪أɵֻǸƷ֥С٣ֻҽӡ
ǵģ϶æ
ǿңҲʯ֮
ʯӵԵɣȴΪҶΪҶŮ
֣ϰѷԭԭĸʯ𣬵˺;ĳλ
ǸңѾΪʳȷֵʱ͸ˡ
ʯҵ޴̹ܼҲʹӲģʯֻǷڸţʵûˣʯûٶ룬ǶԼŮǸϧġ
ҶϳǾŮʯԵ
ҵʱʯһڴӦɳ˵Ĳ۳ȥ飬û˽
ҶĶ飬ʯһˡ
ɽʱҶһ񱦡
ȻЦƢҲãɾúܡ
Ųվţʵڲоԭ£һܴܾá
СʱཱུĻɰǳЩôӰ쳤ӣ㳣취ԼСֶնһһߡ
̸ιŲ塣
ֻЩӶèĺܹãȴʧЧ
СС׼ԼҵƫҲԼŪСҪЩķ
ΪֹõľȻ顣
ǣʯʱƼľҶֱ࣬м񱦿ЦС
ߵǱߣ˵һ䣺̣Ǩ
ߵҶǱߣС˲Ťͷ飬֮ר
ʯˣɵЦӺͷ˽з˾塣
Ҷſ˽ֽ񱦱Сһĺ󱳣ǵСأʯ֪ϲ衣
ʯЦźҶ۾ǿ
վ񱦵ķʯȥ¡
ȻǶ֮û콹겻Ҳúö鸴ϰĪҪЩԵ顣
żҲҲضԼӣŽˡ
ʯˣ˲裬˵Щ׻ʵ֪ϴʯ֪ص飬ʲôˣ
ʯ˲յУȥǸŮӣѾۼۼɵҡ
ۼң
һϣ΢ü⣺ܵҵˡ
ǲɡʯ˿Щʱȥ֪ݵĸ˸첼ŵĺӣȥġ
˼֮߶߶ϡƽ㲻ʲô
ǰŴһϺö⣬иϺʣⶼǼõĶžźȥţ˲һ롣
˵Ǳʯû¶
ͶԼϺʱǱֵʲôǮҲֵš
˭֪ͻȻһɣüҲչ
һʼûѶûҪֻ֪˭
֪ۼҾ͹ˣڰʹߵϣǾȻнİ취
Ҫһ岻ףҪƵһ廹Եġ
֮ǰѾϢİε˺üԼģζıһЩܻзӡ
תһ룬ָڲյԵ˻ͻȻǣԭţͶˣڿʧûǺϣġ
ʯЩɻ󣬲ɵʵ⣿
û˵ֻЦЦȴţҿǷ£λ۴˸ǷĿöġ
񣬾Ϳɻ᲻Ĺһ͸֪ݴˡ
ûͻˣֻǺöι˹Ժ취ǣҪˣԼɵĶȻҪʧõġ
ȷʵĵģֻ֪ݣǮ
ۼڳߵԭɺ֪֮
ǵľֶжô߳Ҳۼҵж󹦵£ֻΪи֪ݵݡ
һ͹ˡ
λ֪ݴҲˮò岻٣ۼ͵Ķвյģɵ˺ö͸ιȻô
Σɵͷĺöһ뵽Ȼȥ֪ݸϡ
ȥʱ򣬴ȵڶ֪ݵӰӣͷĲˮһһ飬ȵûζˣ֪ݡ
֪ݣ۾ɽ룬⿴ģǸ֮ˡ
һ߳üĿҲ˰˶ȣĺ£
һ̴ϵͨһڵϡ
֪ȴû˿ֺõģһºǰսϵǳ¶𵱱ٲ֪ǴˣԼ޷죿
һ£ܿף֪ݹֵĲǵףǹûɨɾβͣæʹͷˣ⡭Ҳ֪©
֪һߣ˼ʯ֪ص˶ҵͷˣȻ˲˵·ôˣŮ㻹˸˾֪Ƕôס˵ͣ
ͷðſڵϡ
˺һ󣬲֪ݵʯ֪ûţҲģǰڱٵӲͬƽϣûеڶΣԺԴЩУǵ𣡡
ס˼סˡ֪û¶æЦԼĺӷŵ֪ǰˣʵҵĹܾˣҵ񣬻Цɡ
֪Ȼ˵ɴ飬Ҳܲµɵġ
ԭãģӦǸϡŵĵͷ˲˺첼
˺ӣ֪ݵһ۾ͶǷ⡣
̨еļƷһǼƷеļƷȻҲ֣µ͸
ֻҪǸˣһ۱߲
֪۾һ־Ҫꡣ
ֿ̨ܿԱߵϺʡ
ϺͬǼõģҪҰɽϵĺëһѡƳɣɫϺڣԱ߹֮ȡúƳɵıΪ
һ̶ֻӴӹģȻóˣȻõĺëòġ
ֻǷҲ֪Ʒʾѡ
֪۾ֱʹ֪ЩҪȴƲסԼ졣
ǲϺʣֿ˸ӡ
Ⲽǲɫƽƽ棬ֻǴӷڴõ׹˸ӡ
̵ɫ֮ǰҶ͸ġ
ȻɩӸĶȻޱϧҪúõãҪЯѡ˺ԼĲϣܳȫ˶ҶأҲܺúõطñ˿
ʵֶĿ֪ݲԾľͰǴǺ
æǱҲֲûô˷ֱֱ档
֪װģĵͷ˴ӣó
Է˷ûʲôϡ档
ɾʱҳ
İ˸һӳ֪ݵ־Ͷסˡ
ضǼֿһһ飬ͻȻʼ
ָȻֱ۲󣬾Ȼ˶סһ㡣
һΪ֪зء
û֪ݾǱĵ˺Ժ
ɼæϣͿ֪ݽһӣȵȼȥͿڷһЩûʲôϡģ۵Ƿеһ첼סҶ
ˣǡϣǰȥҪ˵ʲôȴ֪һŸ߿
֪СǱճһֻ֣ΡΡÿŵĺ첼
ĸ֡־нࡣ
Ҫ͸ҵģ֪ΪҪô˸֮ãţҲ̼˼ңȻҶҲ㲻ʲô
ĸԭͲֵ̼ģݸ߽֮ʿϴĸ֣ɲǣӲİν̼֮Ʋˣ
ؼȴ˼ϣǣ֡
֪ݲžİ˸֡
꺹࣬־롣
ңֿΣ֪ڿ塪
־֣Ȼһģһ
һģһ
֪ǰһڣһֱ̱ڵϣ˹ȥ


124 
֪εʵû, Ҳһ
æ̨ŵһԣźˣ˲ܽзƤòװ֪ݴ˸Ūˡ
Ǹһ, ֪ݵһ۾ͿԵĽ, ƤһҪΡ
ɳ˸۶, ȷס֪ݵļ, ֪ݴ, ôˣǲⱾʲô⣿
˻һ, ֪ݾͻع
ץɵĸ첲վĵһ£ȴһų߹ȥ
˵䣬ɸᣬ˵, ɸʵһʵЩ⧲, ûзֱſڵϣݿĵ죬ŪڵѪζ
֪ǴڴڵĴŴ, ָⶼڲ
ܰλ, Ȼ㲻þǿ, Ҳǵȴ֮, 񿴵ֿҶ΢һϵס
ǸңǼڵģ
֪֮ǰֻǸ̼֮ͨңΪֳ˵ӣָϻʵ۸ոռλҪ£ģŸ˿ҡ
ǵʱ֪ݾã֮ǰЩ֮˼ң͵ĶҪרŵڹٴΪ䷢һͬĻһЩƥⶼҶ䡣
ƫƫҳ˸ʲôûУ䷢Ŵͣ㲻ġ
Ҳˣ֪ݲŸҿҶ²Ҫô
ڣ˽£Ⲽ˰ӡ
ɾȻܰʷһ۾ĴԼⶫ˵ϡ
ʶϡҪǶٹ飿
ɲǸţƽҲûʲôγص֪ƶõЩΪԵʣңֻǱʱ̶ŵġ
֪ݶ룬ԽԽ£µڶǶȥ¡
Ȼ㲻״ȴ뿪ˡ
ǴӵĨϵѪŷ亹֪ݵ֪Сʲôطǵˣ
ֻ֪ѪͻͻСİúõķŵһԣŤͷ͸һơ
һţȻһƣŪ˶µġ
֪ݵǸո˾ţһ¾Եøķ˵ҲЩǸʲô˽ңлʵۣȻҶ𣡡
ɿ˿ǽң֪ݵ˼
뵽ĵһ£֪Ϊǰ
ҶȻݸӦ֪ģοൽڲźԼովӦġ
ڶ£ֻһּʡ
һʼ֪ԼֵģŲǮҼ˱ˡ
ңԼҵĲŶԡ
ɺܿ뵽һ׮£ˣ⡭ɵ飬᲻ᱻִˣ
֪ûĻصֳ£ָ˼Ҳִ󣿡
Ǽ˲͵ǣˣھȥǵ졭
졣֪һΪ˾Ͳ֪ٸҶǣʮԴģĪ˵飬ҡ
ͻȻ֪ʶԼ֮µ飬ֻ¾λзˡ
һ亹֪Լݴ
ó֪Ҫ˦Լæǰϥмץס֪ݵ°ڣˣǿһϵģҪ취ܲһ˴
֪һ⻰䵭Ʋһǣ˵ʲôģµ飬ͱûаϵ
֪߿߹ȥһѰק
ˣͽץ
ԶŵĲǰ۵زɣԥһ¡
ʵ֪ݺۼҹϵҲЩò׼⵽׸òץǶ֣ͷ˼Һͺ˸Լ˿Ǻã
ǣͷСʵǸˣʲôץˣ
֪ݵĻشˣ˲˵ȶ˹죬ץȥУٸ¡һٸ£мҪ죡
ߵĸϷ̨ɽϣҲںҶҪɽ顣
ΪԵģΪҶ·ݴˣɽҲס˺һӣȻڷɽϱϾв㣬Ҳ߹˾ͳŵڶ̫ûȫʱɽؼҡ
ʱ磬ҶЩû˯ѣϾббؿԴһһġ
ǺоһҶĸ첲һֻץ̸⣬Եÿġ
Ҷ˯ѵʱ򻹼ǵñһЩԼֶӣǲſģģģɰѱˣ
һҶˣϲĹӶժ˲٣ȻȥԺե֭űһԾˡ
Ҷͷ˸Ƿһֳ˯ȥ
һС˲βû˯̫ãʱûең̫Ѿ
ԵøҫЩⶼܴսһƬ
ǳȴȣҶһŤͷͿһῴһֻһͭ衣
ͭƽֻԴЩһѾ˲٣ΧѾûʱеķǣΪڻԲ
麮ΧķҲವģŵʱ򣬷ˬҶһ·϶ûһ˿һĺ⡣
ֻñ˿ǻ۵ᡣ
ǽѰ˼ҵõһС鶼ǲ׵ģȻôһΪ˸Ҷ硭
Ǯ˵Ŀȷʵ
˯ˣСһӸž㹻ཱུСʱʱĶһῩЦ֪ʲôΡ
Ҷֹȥקקĸ첲๫۲ۣ
ˣϵӣװűͭƣԶ˶ҶߣӸţأ۲ۣ
Ҷգգۣʲô
˯Ҳ۵ġ
๫˯ۡ
Ҷ˵֣£վ˯ģڵҪѹҿ±ץ߳Եɱˡ
Ǵ۵¶ЩۣҶָҶһҼһʡ
С˲ùϵӣҲȷ磬ÿ⿴˿ڸоѸٽ£ʵôûң
ºͣߵһЩȻ˾׵˯á
ҶЦЦָȷ磺๫á
ȻȻգϣֻá
˭֪Ҷǰͷҧҧ°ͣţأأɩɩأ
һ㶣̵ãá
˵ЦһҶ۾񱦣᣺ҿǸϲģȻϲԺɡ
۾ҲԼֶӣɸЦٺٵ˸ҰҰ죬˯ðȡ
ſһȥԺ֣ôʱѾʶˡ
Ҷգգۣô磿
һĵͷţҲʡСԼ顣
ַ˸߶߶ģȻЦ
ҶҲЦԼҶȻ˵Ƣʵһһĺá
ѵʱֺǺǵĲ㣬˯˶ԼԼˡ
ʱͣͷÿӣȰͭȥү̣ˡ
ȱ˳󽫻˯ŵ񱦽СأַҶ
Ҷ·ݴˣҲ˲٣³ʱСģ·ϸ
ɲǽţȴԶĵ
ҶɵóǱ߿ͿиСŹ
⸽ҵĲҵǷׯǿ˲٣и紵ݶ紫Ŷ
ľǸׯĻƣʱֹס˲ӣŵүǱݸŵˣһ·ϴģˡ


125 
֮, ûͬ˽𣬹ʶӣ˶ǲ֪ġ
ʱ磬ԭͽӹ, ˵, һ, æӳ
ûſ, ˼Ҵǰϵķϡ
Ϊ֪ʲô飬æʵ˺£ôô󶯾Īۼ˭˹˾
˾һͻ
, ʵ, ֵ󣬸ģʵʵֵһ½С, Ϊ˿ʴȣƽʱӲ˽Թ, ǲʲôŶԡ
鵽ǰŵ˾ǰţҶһҶɽ, ڳ, ʣ´, , ҲֻǴ¡
Ҳû⣬ԽԽ£ɫ԰Щ
ƳĽţ֪ԼϱʵǸ¶ģСúܣֻ뵽ʲôеûģϱ㲻ķϵֱһȥǰ
һţƼĿ졣
ɫϲɫֻǹʱҲûôװιϿЩҲʣԼæ߶߶İ㰸һʱҲû״
絽һں˵ҶǿϺͷϺ󣬱Сعɩɩ
ŤͷһҶһ㶡
ʵҶɽʱ⣬ȴ֮ǰŴ˲١
ԭС˲񻣬̫ԻӵģѰи㲻ʲôҶԵЩͬˡ
ҶҪæַһѣɱ𶯣Щã·ݴˣĪҪЩʡ۵ͶСֵ죬ȥý
ҶȴסСأЦŵ£һҪ׼һЩʱȥһһŵȾˣרŰӡ
¿˿Щۣʵ⵽ô£
Ҷղ֪˵ԭίʵʵĵͷǸٵ˵ǻʵ۾йд˸Ҷ͹
ʵۣдҶ
ʣ
һΣæȥסˡ
ɫ󣬻Ц⣬ŵģϲģ
ʵʿɲԵ𲻵ȴǸ档
ũȻ˴Ƭׯ԰ɵׯںǿŶɵӣ̼֮¡
̵͢˵٣⾭ֻ֮˵ø󣬿Ҫ˵Զ˶ġ
ͲͬˣȻҶϸź첼Ʋд֣ϲҲµӦ佱Ļ
ǿʲôֻҪңӽǵٵĶҪҼֱ棡
ٹ⣬ͬʱҲƣҪʱתˡ
һ뵽ĺôϽ߬ӵ֣þȫԼڹ˷ܣϻǴЦ
ϴôЦҶ񱦵ʱ
Ͽ˿ϣֿ˿Ҷǻعãõúܣ죬ֽ㡣Уȥүлд¶ˣˣУȥøĵӣӼ㣬ȻҪĪҪý̫ܡ
Ӧˣȥ죬һʱ仹ûӦ
ЩãȻĿԼҵãСǣϸĶ
ҶͷС˲˵ûʵʲôҪȻҲڰѰ׺Ǹȥˡ
ǷȴǺ֪죬֮ЦԲԲϲ÷졣
Ҫ˵֮ǰϻΪ˸ȥʳۣھҲˣҲˣ·ŷ硣
רȥʯͷקԼҶҲմմϲ
Ѱݻʵ۾ͺͰķү࣬һиġ
ҶƵߵһ£Сض˵һ߳һߵȣֻǴҶæҲóԵĹۣż֣һѩ⣬ѸٵȻµķ¡
Сţȴöˡ
һһĵģ˭˶֪͵Զء
ΪʮεС˲ϵŴ׷ۣ۾ţӵͣССأôʼٵȥǾҪˡ
СصСүĪ豧ˣ̲õģӦڵү˲źÿʼġ
˿ȥׯӵ·ϡ
֮ǰһ꣬ηˮεׯﲻٵضˡ
ˮˣȴ˲٣һֱҵĵ軧ڲš
Ҫȥƽȡ
ɲ߳ȥԶͿҵķܣЩ֣óͣ˳ȥ󻹲ʣ˴չүôأϽȥɣ¶ˡ
æʵʲô¶ѵǶϱˣܰ⻹źüء
˰ڰ֣صǲǣ˵Ͷȥ͵ĶүϽȥͰɣүϲ
һĻ˼ȥׯϣ˵˼ͬϲͬϲֱ˸Ͻؼҡ
һңͱſڼȴŵС˷סһ첽š
ǰѾһں㰸Ҳźңһţӵȥλ
󣬱ǽ͵һ̣㰸㣬ߵݹлսҿϵĺ첼
־нࡣ
ĸֿҶһȣرȻ֪ͽңȴ֪ĸ֡
ǰΪǼνƷ¡
ѾٹˣҶڣǷ
˭Ժ󻹻ΪԼݶƲ
ֻ֪͵ʱûЩɶԣ۳ʳΣݶ顣
ɺϺͷϱҶȥһϢЦкСȥ󣬴ϯ
ﲻȥׯгһҪֵİһˮϯźã
Ϊÿֵ˲ڿֶ飬ҪǣҪҫһԼõʡ
ʮݸûõҫȻҪúõĵһ²ſĵġ
֪ȴû뿪Ϊ˴Ҵ磬Ҫ졣
֪ѺתһȦѡѡ
֪ݿز¶ĴСɼϴŶԡ
ټ֮ǰֵ飬϶λģֻв˲֪ⶼãʶʯǰ㾡Ĵѡ֪ҴҶֻ˵¶
֪ݴƶѲǸõʵ۵ģȴ֪ɸ֪˵Щʲô
֪ݸͰ׵ĶЦҴӢţһƾ֪Ӣ֮ˣҲؿŶԡ֮⣬ѲҪ̫Լ֮ǰ顣
ȴ֮ⶼǺˬʵЦЦ֪ݵл֪ݴ˿ޣĳҵ
ɲعǫܽҵӪ𣬶Ȼˡ
ǹֱҡҡͷҶܸб¡
֪ݹһЦѵܹ֮ģ֪ݼ˵ΪԼ˵ãϵЦݸЩ֮ǰڽץסһˣ˸йɵգٱͻˡ
һæͷ࣬Ҵ޵лˡ


һԣƤֱ
Ȼ֪巢ʲôӾãүλ̰֪ݴ˵ֻ²һ¡
ŤͷȥԼҶүʱ򣬾ͿҶ˵
ӱһԹԹվŵ˼ӹһ
ĵĺҶЩˮůֻС˲αȣ죬ٺˮȻӺãɲһ̹ҶһֱŲȡ
ȿӺ˼Ҷæʲôأ
˼ͣ˵ֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀӡ
ӱص̣үõ֮ǰڽ϶ˣһ
һĶҶ£Ϊ˶㿪ݹˮԱһ㣬ƿֻ֣ܶ˼֣ãϽͷĶڲڡ
Ҳ
֮ǰȻ뵽ʧãֻû뵽λ֪ݷӦͦ죬ֻҲƼϵ֣ŵġ
ͷĶƶ֪ݲҿ˿ۡ
Ȼ̨ףҲûҪ֪ݹȥ͵½ҹ߸·ˡ
Ȼ˼򿪺˿أض̵Ļڣû
룬Ȼˡ
ʱ˼ֿ˿óһû򿪣ֻƶŵˣүװģӣûˡ
ӵֻǸӣûʲôɡ
˼ҡͷͷУУ͵ӡ
ҶԼȷʵǸɴģ⣬ǶҲûʲôԼٴˡ
ɴϧҶĶʲô籦ȻǶõģӹȥʡ
ҲʣС˵䡣
Ǹֱģʲô˵ʲôҲû䣬ֱʵ֪ݴˣܸ޵Ѱ¸мֻǲ֪ͷһɻô
ԣͿȥҶǳûѱˮһԣֻܶµķˮȣûԼСҶЦüۣſ֪ݡ
һ̣֪ЦŵǸټǵǸиܳӵģʧˣҲʲôҪûȥ⡣
С˲һ£û˵ʲôֻĬĬغŷˮ۾ŵǸɰӿ˺һ
Ҳû˵ʲôȻº飬ظҶıȹҺҺͷҶȥԺϢ
ҶأǰˮϯȻģȻбȥٳ֡
ҶҲûѸղŵ·ϣ˵ӳʱЩŤС˲Ǹﲻ¶ģܿԺֺǺǵ˻˯ˡ
˯źһӣҶ˯ӣȥݣʣҶƽдһⳤš
Уݵı˶ڳʵл⣬дĸʵôȴڻŽص˾αʵ⡣
棬ȴǻһתд飬ɻϸϸһκϸڶû©رй֪ݺۼҵģûڡ
ɫ䵭Ľӣ͵Ҷϣȥɡ


126 
Ҵĳһطͷ, Һ֮ǰһ, ϶ٲҴ, Ǵĵ޲˶֪²źá
ʵɵСԪʱǾҪôףһ⡣
ֻʱȻʸոռݱ, ȻȻ, گѸֻðշɥ, ΢еĶٴ죬ϲҲҪ͵Щź, ʶʱֻǹ˶پ, ûô֡
꣬Լżӣûй, ˵ȣͷ¡
˵, Ц, ӭǸԵ, ԼжǮԼ֪͵, ûҪµ, ˼, Ӱ
ǣһ, ȴʵʵ¶顣
֮, ˵Ǽ־н, ˭˵Ĳ֣
, Ȼ˿
ˮϯ˺ü죬ûн˼ңӶףһԶٷҲǽԵ
ҶȻûȥǰԺԺҲ
һ磬ͿϺ֣Я
֣֪ӣҶǵ֮ǰϽ̵飬Ҫ񣬽֣ϼ߼סˣֻ֣ϵɱ𣬽ҪЩ˲źá
񱦿Ǿֱ󱳣ԲԲ۾ģ۰Ͱ͵ĳŶϵı󿴣Ӹأ
ͬǳΪĸСӴϲģ񱦳ཱུģ˵ִ˫۾ÿĶˣȻϡĲУȥڻߵߣЦŵӸû´һòã
Ѿ֮ǰǸ˵úŪˣԣ˶ϣԼ֣
һ㶣ҶԱߵϴӴӦСشģƼѧˡ
Դ˵ԼʮɣǶ񱦶ԣԵø֣¡
ҶרŶһ䣺ҪǺˣ´οһǵô񱦴ĺܣµġ
Ǹֻ˿Լģһͷĵ񱦣
ЦСָ
ССָ̣סֱ߬סˣȻĻ˻Σͷƺģ
һԵ֣ţɵסЦĺӴϻۣǸ˲õģԺȻǸҶ
һ⻰ŤͷЩãȻ
֣ЦҲĵĽͣ˵ԺҪٵġ
˾񣺡ԣ࣬ܵ
˻һЦ񱦻ЩСƨһŤһŤģƺܲЦ
µĴ־ġ
Ҷ°񱦷ŵŵιʱ˸ոյĺ׳ЦǺǵ͵š
֣ϺͶһԣ񱦣ЩĽ⺢ùܣԵúܣĶҼǸͷʵؼ
ˣֻҪǫ鼸䣬˵˵ԼҺӵĲãƫƫҶЦеػصӻãء
֣ԣ򴽶Ц
ˣϲһˣʲô˵ʲôǶԵģᷳˣǾʲôԵĵط
֣ϽҶŮĶ飬ָҲϲҶƢȻôô˳ۣԱǰãȫǺúӣָǵԺ鶼Ҫһġ
Ҷһ⻰ͷ˿ڳŵ񱦣֮ǰ˵ҪֵĻ˼
ֵøģ񱦳˵վȥСǺӸճ궫ŲϾԸµı񱦳ȥߣҲԹԵ˱š
Ҷǿ֣ϣˣ黹Ҫһ𣿡
ﲻô⣬Ժӯǡ֣˵ϴЦѰ˼ҶҪȥ˽ͷģǮı̡

Ҷ֮ǰϱ˸ʯͷģʯͷÿ顣
ԼСֻºʯͷղһȥ
С˲ԭû¶ͻȻ벻취ϾʹЩᡣ
֣ϼ״æ£Сɣ๫ʶٺĪ˵سͷҲõģʱȻܰһ
Ҷоõ֣ϵģĵس˿ͨ͸С˲ڽⷽһֱƾֱ
˵֮ǰ֣϶Щ׷ܣ֮ȴʵ⣬ҶȻҲ飬ЦŵллӯԺ춹⡣
֣ϺЦһ飬ŵ
һ꣬ϲű񱦻
һţ񱦾ŤŤӣ˵أСһСܵҶűߣһѱסҶСȣ㣡
ҶŶӴˣ䲻ȥֻСһķʵʲô
¶˸ЦСڣëëݣ
˻һһԵСǾ΢΢˶
㿴ˣԼСүʵǶү׶ӣԵĻûǳʵһģһģƫƫرãʲô¶ܼԴ
ԼСΪǿ̸⣬Ҫͺһˡ
ҶûСص飬ֻЦſ񱦼䡣
Сڣëÿ죬µġ
ʱ֣ϺЦ۾΢΢һ̧Ƽ˷ڴ̨ϵһ⡣
ͨӨףͷ󣬿ֻƷ֪ǸƷ
֣ɨһۣɫ͵ʹһ
СȻʢҲۣոתôһȦûþԴһһķҶƤҲʼܡ
Ϻ֣ϼ״ʱǣһȥǰѰԼ๫ȥˡ
ʯΪ֪أʹǱװǰҲٲУΪ˷ȴǸӦģҲһ㣬ֻԺ
Ⱥ֣һͬȥʱ΢죬Ǻˣʶѡ
ʯ֣ϣɴˣ
֣ҡҡͷƽ֪๫Һйأ⻰ҲʳڣǸ˼ֱģδز˵ǾΪƣҲŲֱʣʡΪЩ߰鷳ġ
ʵ֮ǰʯͺ֣ƣԽ˵Խڲͬ
ֻ֪˭ǹⲻȥҪùʯȴãֻ¸ЩȻҲةһ֪ضˡ
ŴȻǴģ֣ϴӺլ̽̽ڷ硣
ˣ֣߹հƵƳ滰²ѣɸղҶ˫۾˼֣Ҳʲڡ
Ǹù֣᲻
ʯҲ֣ϵ˼ȴһЦ֣ϵֱû뵽첻µزµģҲˡ
֣һ죬һѣȴǵͷһľ㣬ȻҲŲܵ߻ʵԶĵطء
ʯ֪֣˵ʵѫ֮ŮԼѾʵףΪԼıʯж
֣ϷŵֻǣƼ˸
ʲô
֮ǰڹʱвٺѣϻʺʱҽãиϲڼƼͷڽͷء
˻һʯֱӣȵĿ֣ϡ
֣ƽĿסʯ֣๫ٳ֮Ҳֻһ£ˮۣˣߴߣ˱»л񡭡ıǡ
ʯ˿ס֣ϵ֣ӷģг㡣
պһݲ֪Ȩı˽ӺҶƽֵǰŽ˾ǡ
ȥӷʱҶ֪ݸûˡ
֪ݣҶֻǵǸݵˣԼ͹ҵģҶûʲô
Ǹ˲ϲԼӣС˲βǾ⵱治ף컻컻Ǹġ
ɵԺǲǸøԼ񱦸ĸĿ꣬ƺΣա
ȹ˴Ҷޱӽ˸ˣˬ϶˵⺢ʱãЩӾͲ
ֻҶĶԴЩ񱦶СģֻżԼ׵ĶƤſ棬һ߶ԣܳŰ˯š
˵Լ˯һʱѵõûг֣ǹԹԵͷҶ񱦳Ժͺһ
һֱҶŵҲ񱦣ҶҲָֻܺѺӺߡ
ϲڣҶ˯Ҳ̫ƽ
ʱʱľͻۡ
ֻ۵ĲҶѾϰԼӳʱѸģһһ߶ҶĶӵһ㣬Ժ챳顣
ȻҲ֪вܲã˵ܱȲ˵ǿ
ҹҶ΢΢üͿҶ۾
ĿԵʱչȥĶͷ˸ǣôˣ
С˲ۣԺرסŵˡ
جΣ
جΣǹֵֹġҶСεȥ˲Σһѹӡ
ǧٹֵģûʲôıʵⲻͦ𣿡
ҶȴЩίӶǳˣһû
ɵЦýЩףģʲôö㣬ǰǣǣԺҲǡ
Ҷܺú壬һ⻰ЦŻһ£±۾˯ȥ
ڶһ磬ʱҶûȴ·ϴţ׼ȥ鷿Щ鿴
һԺƼſڵš
ʣӾͿ߼ֵүε֪ݴ븽ĸҲǸӡ


127 
֪ʶ, ʵԴ֪ݱ紵Ժ, λ֪ԵøûдҲûдţĺǵ͵
ֻʯ˵λǿɵ֮޲̵԰նǼ¡
֪̻ǰΪ, Ҳǰһġ
ѰӦģѾȡۼҳ˳ĸ, ˵¹, ҪȵȥȻҪ¸ùϵ
ԼӵĶӣԼĪһ¾Ҫ, ӣ˵ʱ𣿡
һ, һص˵ʮ󡣡
, ʱҶа˸¡
һǹؼ, ǲ뿪Ҷ, ȻӵҪȴԼĸҪ, ҡҡͷɣȥ, дŽ, ֽ֪ݴϡ
Ҳµͷ, ߽Ժӡ
ٽԷ, վſڹԹԵš
һ̧ͷ, ӾͿ˶ͭСأЦչȥ磬ù緹ˣ
Сҡҡͷٳԣأʲô
ָָţղŶүȥˣҵء
Сס˽Ųԥһ¡
ѰүͶ̶֮ʱ˴ٽȥţȫΪ£Ϊжүڣ̵æãϴͷüͿԼҶүȫܵġ
˭ȥ˶Եöࡣ
СػţүˣҶˮͽȥ𣿡
ʱŷңִСϽӹӣ۾ǿӵСȥԵ㶫ʱԺٹˡ
ֺǺǵӦһʹСȥһԵС
Ƕˮϥǹţݡ
Ҷпŵ񻨴ܣ۾Щ˯ѵãȻ߹ʱ򻹴˸Ƿ
ͷһοҶ˯ѵģÿοϲ
΢죬˫ĿʣҲģ๫ʱˣ
ͭ裬˲ŽȥŪʪšɣһ߹ȥһߵ˺üΣû˯ã̰˯ЩҲùܼʱ˯ͽ˯ɡ
ҶǰԹԵԼ
ʪ˵ĲС˲ξþЩٿʱ۾Ѿָյ͸ˣģе
õ磬ɲͶˡ
һͰѲŵһԣˮ͵ߣЦŵ˾С࣬ǰЩʱׯõСˣԳԳԣҵ¾Ҫˡ
Ŷˡ
ѾûʲôоҶڣմҩļĥƶɵˢûڣ˴
ѵʱҶ۾ϵĪ˵ҶԼҲûٽӵⶫգգ۾๫Ҫȥ𣿡
ҲһҶϵȹһε֪˳̻ʮȥ棬ֻʱ䣬ʱؼأұŴˣˣȥֻ»ᵢҰ㡣
๫˵⻰ֻ»жһͿ
ƫƫС˲ǸֱƢԣúõ룬Щɻؿ๫Ҳܰʲô
Ķһ٣̧ͷҶ죬ȴû˵
Ҷǻϴεľ飺֮ǰСȥòţҶ˹棬ˤˣ๫ȣҲýæɡ
Ҫ˰죬ȴԼƺûʲôԷġ
񡭡¶Լæﲻϡ
֪Щʧ䣬Щۣ־ͱסҶˣ
С˲ǻرסĺ󱳣û˵˻ͻȻʲô̧ͷ˵֮ǰӯ˵Ѱ˸ɺܺõϯ㲻ŻȥƣǺãҲĸ񱦶
ϯָĽ߳Ǯ˼һһר̺ӡ
СѰô磬Ҳ˶졣
ʵǴ˵Ҳ죬Цʱ˵Ļģģģ˵֣ʲô顣
Ȼ˵רģиרЩϯҲǼõġҶ˵ӯʯ֪ص֣ϣҹģܵ˲
ϯɲһһϦ飬࿴һɾҪһԽԽá
ʵʯ˵ϯںδ
Ҷ촽룬ڳһ˽ӯ˵񱦻Сܺϯ̸ˣÿһ˾ͳˡ
⻰֪ҶԼȥɵõͷԼӣСȰң
ԭӡҶɣǸùȴӲڳԺϲġ
ΣҶȴͷ
Ȼ£ŶӴˣ§˵ӣֱֻܰ۴˵Ĳϣ۾ЦĿ๫һֱΪŬ֪ġҪ飬ҲУıǶҺõġ
⻰˵ʵ򵥣ûκΣס
ԼӴͨ͸ģڲͬȴʲô
෴ҶһֱŬѧѧˣѧ£ѧõİǰˡ
ңҶиûи˵вûݵ顭
С˲εģأУҾӵӻһʱգȥһٻˣ
ԣĬΣ˵ͷҶľӣҪͻȻˣһҪ˽һ
áҶӦţţʱ˵ɡ
˵⺢е㲻һȴ˵ﲻһС˲ξԼ֮ǰΣĳݿ
Ҫ๫ҲãԼҲİѲݰˡ
ȹʮ죬׼ӽȥ֮ǰϸϸĶһѣ϶һΣȥأһʱ䣬İɣҿ϶ѽչ˵úúõġ
ͷҲ֪£ɾ֮˼롣
һ׮飺ʱðһɢһ𡣡
˵ͷӦֿ˿Ҷ֡
ûת͸оԼһ
ŤͷҶż̽촽
ϡ
һŤŤͷСؼֲ֣ҶɿЦŵ๫
ɣӦһŤͷߣ˰٣ɱӰ͸ŵĶӵļơ
ߺҲԼԺӣȵ˽ʱ򣬶Ͼͺˡ
ҲҪڵʱȻҪ׼Ķ׼ãһʧŰġ
ҶкһźӣһִֻҶϡ
۾ĥ˺һ۾Ҷ̣˫̥
Ҷһ㶣һԿҶĶӣ
šеͷϴЩЦ֮ǰ̥δɣ̫ȷ֮ǰҰѹļλ˫ӵĸһ¡̷ģ̥༫ãвġ
һ⻰Ҳ¶Ц
Ѱ˫ӶֺµģѰռһҾƶ˯ãӾǹŹأӸ׳¡
ǶԸ˼˵˱㲻̫ѣȻϲ¡
˫סڱ˴֮ס
֪ϿҶЩСַҶȥңϸĲ鿴ȷ༫ŷġ
֮ǰһ䣺˫ӱһ̥ЩӦ׼źã⵽ʱæҡ
Ҷͷ£һԵСҲŵͷĪӸ̳ȥ֪ͨϣϲţԴ
ҶЦҽҪƵġ
򲻻ʱ̴ҶߣȥһԵ᷿Ϣ
Աʱ֮裬Ҿ͵С
ɻаѲյϸСŹһţУ﷢ˣ


128 
ϴεľ, ҶԵҪƽܶࡣ
ʹ⺢ıϴθЩ, ҲЩ⧲ǸոеĻףҶ;ûôȣܷοһ¶ϣİɣûϵġ
ɶȴģ֪Լ̫, ϴζӵʱЩмҲ˲, Ҳͻʱۡ
Ͻʱ, ƼľԼҶϱɫ󣬷·ĶϷĿѩ, һѪɫûС
ôִֵĿȥ, һʱ侹Ƿֲ˭ҪǸ
Щ, ϴԼҶ, Ƕ, ɶҶŵöࡣ
ҶǷŶϻ߶, Ͻʱ۰Ͱ͵Ŀţ, Ҷˡ
Ͼϵһ, ովСﱸ˼ͺϻҶһ, ͸æ˶˽
⼦ζһĺ, ϻΪԿƹ, ԵЩӲˡ
ҶҧڣͶĿϵĺϻû˵
ΪԣҪֽӹͿҶȰϳˣһŽ˼ͷţÿӼŽ
һ߳һЦžǳԵÿġ
ϻûüпԼҶϱź򣬾ͼѾ˽
ʱҶҲʹȸոոЩŶվбб˴ߡ
֮ǰ񱦳ʱģȴûдңŷݣ΢΢۾ϸϸţϱ
˶˵˫̥Ǽ¶˭и˫̥öν
ȴ֪еգ˫һĺһЩҪô˳ûס
æȻϾԵøΪҪ
ԷһƬæµŰԺӵ᷿Եƽܶࡣ
񱦾ſڴϣֱĳ濴
ӲǽҪ¶ŵˣͻС˵ѪֻŵѪζܣʶڸոҶʱĪӾ׼Сүȥתת
ƫƫϲȥԺȴִֵҪֿ֣ſ֡
ĪӲӲק˵ֻȰ᷿غŴסʡĵȻʱ򣬶̵ʹŵСү
ţȴСվϣཱུС֣˴ϵֽſ۾⿴
Īû뵽Сүֱ£񱦳ལԴҲƽĺӴЩôһֱӵסǸĪӾû֡
ſſ˺һ󣬳˿һȥȥʲôûƼ
ҲվۣʹһϣͷĪʵأ
Īһ뵰׼ΪԣЦźȻ˯ģСүõģԵ㵰
ŤСƨžžવ߹ȥȻ£ԴĪӣſ͵ţԹԵĳ˰뵰ñ˾ҡҡͷٳԡ
Ķϣ񱦲ûм
Īȥʱ˾䣺ˡ
ĪѾǸոԼ˵ĻСүСأ¶ڻش𣺡ȥ԰ˣСүҲȥ
ƫ񱦼ԼãĪӶ˵飬ȴǵ
ཱུС񱦵Ŵ˵ڲۼⲻˡ
⻰һĪӾסˡ
Ϊ仰ΪĪЩû뵽СүôȻܼ秵ľӡ
ƽʱ˵ģġ
۾ĪӵƭˣƭңҪߵ
˻һĪӾصԱߡ
ȻӵĻѰ˲¶Ī֪ԼҶүǸ䵭ƢֻҪСү˵ģš
ıүˣֻҵҲͷˡ
ĪҲԺòҪСүСͺŪŻش𣺡ʵӡ
գգۣͻȻЦ񱦣
ĪȻ֪˻ӺζЦˣ͸ŵͷ
ǿĵܻص˴ߣ˳ŸոԼĿ⿴ȥ˷ܡ
ΪԶ񱦲ǱߵĶ
ŵصĺʱЩסվץӵʵǸղžȥҶأ
æ˱𼱣ζ̷ԼЩҲϴ׼ʱ̣Ӹղŵڲʱүڳأǻزô죬ȵȾˡ
ϸ£Ҷﻹסæŷ飬Ҳ˲ֻ߶ýƽ
֪飬߳ݸţӵүھͻ𣿡
ʣʲôʱˣ
δʱһ̡
ʱ䣬ȥԺݷһϯȻȥɻȥ
ɾãϯԼǶȻҪģ֮ǰҲҪۿźãһһˣһΰ꣬ܺùԺҪðŴķϡ
Ժ븮òԶûþ͵ˡ
֣Ͻܶϯշ룬Ǹţвֻ;˳֮ûٽһˡ
ڷĿúܿҾҲʵϾͲˣ˸Ժ˵ҲǸӪ
ҵʱ򣬷ڽ̺ǧġվһֻĬȤǸ˵Цģ֮Щͳͷ
ϾҪҸ˻ȥԼҶֱӽ̳״ԪҪȸɡ
֪֮ʶεģôѧΪ˴²Ҫ
λƢãҲģǸദģԼ񱦸ܹѧЩʲôŶԡ
￴ãȼʱ̸Ҳʮֵ𾴡
żҾãȻֻΪǼǮӦУأ˵ǸĿģ÷ʮֺ棬Ӧ
Ҳûǩʲô飬ֻǿͷԼÿȥҴϰս̵񱦣õı꣬Ͷ
һ׮ӸϽȥʮֳ֣һ˴ڳ£һûոտǽŵʱЩȥһҲá
ȻᵢһֵѰһǰС
ȥ·ϣƼһĵŨͣӵȥЩԼҽڼôãܲ׵ȣЩҲǺõġ
Ӳɵʵүղ˵үȼ𣿡
ƽĿʲôǶ罿Ҫȵôˣ
ӣү˵ĺе
Ǵճ¯ĵļݳȥʱÿŷѧ
ǵʱϵĲõĿǿš
ŵģҵȺΧ
ܰ˹Ե˼ңȻЩĻǼҾʵġ
Ȼ˵Ǹ¿ǹ͵ġ
ҵߴ󣬳Ҳ󣬱ǰܵ¿ţţȥվڳ϶ǰˡ
ƿ˳ߵţӵ³ߣȥǰȡ
ǡ
ͷ˳һ䣺ϵĸһҪãŹϣĪҪõˡ
һһüë΢ʵǲ֪۳ү
ȻǵǸһĲҲӣ쵱ġС񡱡
ͷιģʱû˵¶ڣȻ鲼ӣû˻ٷιµĻ
ʶ˲٣һ·߹ߵʺһ·档
Щԭ֪ʲôģˣ˵Ҷ٣ҲҪڽŬǰ׼λСģ
Ͷ˼ǰʱȻһķ絭ᣬñ˹עʲôڵģȻ֮ǰʮĲʹĥҲϰ˱˵ӣѾɸ֣ѳȸ̵˹
ȴЩ죬û˵ֻﰵĽԼүԺһҪѧѧźãܸүˡ
ʱӿ߳ŵ
һأԵ˲ͺܴˡ
ͷ׵Ĵߣɫ۵ɬͯĻ˺볤Ƶˡ
Ǳ۶ˡ
һӭȥǶⲻԶ˼Сܴ߶ĳùװķıӣȻеĿү۲
Ȼ˼£ǴԼΪ˼Ͳ䣬ǸƢǶǶԴܵһ㣬ԣȻҲۣȴЦŵۣİɡ
˼ͷ׼һȥؼҡ
ʱӱ˱ģү˼
ȥ㿴һȻվ
ͷһԼֻС¶Ƕ˵ȴĪЩж
æק˼ȥȵǰһ仰ǣ磬дͦõģһ㶪ˣ
˻һвͬոտѧӶĿӣȿ۵ǵĿʹЩм
ͬοƿĿףҿ飬ܴͲˡ
ԿʼҪ棬˶ҪԼԲǹһ
⼸һиСԾ֮ͻȻ񲣬ֿ˲˵һξпͻȻس鴤קȥʱ˭˭¡
˵Ǹ⵹ùĻǺͬһҲž֮֡
ƾ֮;ǲ࣬ο⡣
ܶþ˶˵ʮþȣ˭ôһ˵Ļأ
ֻǳţ»֪ηˡ
ȴ֪ԼɲǸϲ˵󻰿ջˣ˵ǴòԼǸɵģԺ˷ЩҲ
̫ܲ⣬˼ʻ߷飬ʱҲһ˵ƷΡ
ǰдΪκŴβУҲΪڱܻɽġ
Ȼûе˽пͣɽһЩûл
ķ˵˾䣺ãȥԺķһȺߣЩȥǣҳʱ㣬ȥġ
̵ͷԹԵĴ˼
ɸտʱ򣬾ͿԱվ˸Сˡ
СЩȻλүӣѾƵǰֻѰ˼ңǸݵģƸõС˻ԺҲܲܶȫ
С˴ŵҵѣƼʱһϲӭ˹
ѸٵĹ񣬻ûֱС˾͵үҵˣɸϽȥɣ˶ˣѸС˶ųˣȥء
ϾûлؼңӶǱ鿼ԿԱ飬ڷʲôЩãȻ
һ⣬һץסС˵ĸ첲ʵôˣǽ¶ˣ
С˸оֱһۣŶ˵үӲãҲǲģ˭֪ͦǼǻ£Ƕ̷ˣ
һɿСˣ˳ߵţ죬ظ
ּûиոյƽȡ
ǺʶȤʾ˼ߣղŲ㱻ԼҶµ飬ɵĵ磬İɣɩɩ࣬ڣµġ
û˵֪ûа˵ȥֻǼüһﲻ
Ҳ͸Ű۾ʱʱһġ
ʵһû˳Զ˼һֱڡ
ոսŵʱ첻Ƕɿ죬;öӹС
ƫƫ㣬ģĲ汻
ȻҲǵҶģǵĺͶӶͻ
˿ֿ˿ģţҸոԼҶ˵ˣȥҪһڳӦҲ¡
ǣСָȥİ
ɲոջǵƵڣһģƪ֡

ҵʱ򣬸һֱͣҲ˷һӣ󲽳ǰȥ
˼ϣһææں׷
һֱ֪Լүӣڱȵ̫࣬ȴȻǰܿס󱯴ϲģοڻ񱼣ֻ»ûطҪԵڵϣ
˭ﲻæżҲûãͷû¶Լүˤôǲǻˡ
ֻӶ׵ĵȴ㶼벻
ֻϽߣʲôܹŲŷġ
һ·ܻԺӣһȥҶƵĺ
Ѱӣ۵ĺС˲ûôۣǱŤĺܣο̫ķãֻżһľûˡ
ƫֻһģȴǧشƵģŪǰڡ
΢Σ׷ӸæסŽүոˣȥһϢϢɺã
Ů˲һʱܳģӿɲԺվ
鱻ҡͷܾžҧӵҽȥ㡣
ԥһ£ʵǲ֪ò
͹æˣҪǶүȥˣһʲô¶ͷ¶ӣǶүʱ򵽵չ˭
ҲȰүҲȥ
ԥʱͻȻһӤĿ˵Ķ
ǲԼͬĿԷž洫ϲˣǸСү
һ⻰еȥƵģͷϷ麹ץӵĸ첲ĺһ
֪Һ˳ο˽ĽҪʱ
ոһͨܣҲľͷεĺܣվӻǳǰ磬ղſһŵʵףһг䶨ģҲ⣬Ŷϵ֪£ҲܷԼιȥˡ
ɾʱһӤʶ۾
ȸոյĶ࣬ȵ񱦵Ļ
ϵٴ𣻡ϲ̣ϲˣиǸƯĹϲҶŮ˫ȫ


129 
û˸߹, ӵ顣
׼ιȥ֮ǰ˶ϵĻȻ͵һ, ץסӵĸ첲վֱ, 㵵ؿԷš
ľͿϡ
ӸովһֱԼҶϱ, ˫վѰ֮ûдҲѰһЩ
һֱתŷԼҶϱǰ˲һʱ, ĸӾ, Ȼٺò
׼ȥϱŮо, һͿ
Ȼһܶ, ƽʱѹЩ, ǹ⿴ɫǿģ˵΢죬䶼Ǻ, Ͼϲ֪ոһ·ܹģֻɫ, ָĺ, ȻЦݡ
ӭ߹ȥ, ץĵνʵ, ҲжŮ, Ժɵúúôǲǡ
ͣԴģֻܷһ򵥵ڣ֪ġ
οһЦ뿪ˣʱСڡ
ûܵһʱ俴Ҷһ˫Ů뿪󣬽ʣȷºͷĵǰһڻ˹ȥ
ɰһȻѾ̫̫ƽƽĹ˽ʱ⣬ȢҶ֮ҲûзǳͳҩҩӲӣԺЩ֮ǰӡڸٹ̣Ѹˡ
һأ̻һ֮ǰҪҪƲҵĿ»Ūĺܶ˲ԾĴ˸
Ǹȣ
ԭ̶Ů˫ȫϲ£ɲֳʲôõ顣
ֻ˵Ϣ¾ͺãúõ˯һˡ
ʱѾǵڶ졣
ʵҲ˵ոһ;ȥˡ
ҪҶģǻҶ˯ţҲֻա
ȱȥ³̥Ҳ׼Ӧ񱦸ֵֹ⡣
ȵ˲ʱС˲βŻ
ӣҶԤϣûüΪϢȵʱ򣬺ǾѾȲسˡ
˵ۣȻ۵ġ
һ󣬾;ɿ˺ܶࡣ
ΪӺãû̫ܿ࣬Ϊƽƽģûѹŵĸоʹ졣
ҶӣһԵСؼæǰҶ˸ͷĪǰͷϴ˸ʡ
ҶҲͷ⾭飬ϵǶ
СǸ˵ģȻڵӴ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰǸСĽģڵСˣǸСҶʱ۵ۡ
ĪӵЦ棺ϲ̣Ů˫ȫ
ڳɹжͷС˲żԼкˣ㿴ĪʵĶأ
أոնүҲѣжͼ
Ī˵⻰ʱЦСȴһ
⻰ûʲô˵˺ӰãְһҶİأ˭϶̹ġ
ĪӱϾźʱ̣Ҳ֪ԼλӵƢǹֱڲͬģֹֻԼҶ
ȻҶһ˿⣬´صʵǹ⿴ͷ֪Ѿ峿ʱֻ֣Ѿӽ硣
Լ๫ѰɴӲôġ
۾ԴЩ๫ôˣ
Īһ£С̵̷ģүˡ̫Ժ˹ȥ
ʱŵ˺ܶˣڶү£ҲͲרóö̵ġ
ҶҪʵʱҵűƿˡ
һֻѰĴţΪҶӵķů˲٣˱ƽҪЩ
Ǽ򵥵Ӳϲĸоؿڵĵط˿ɫͲȫͬǴĪЩصϲС
ΪܲŪճӤ۵Ƥ
޲³ģѰ˫ӾҪͨһЩֻϴμ۵񱦣ͮͮСޣԵøСġ
ǵƤ۵ıȸɵĶһֻˮһ㡣
źӵʱСÿһߵʮֽ
ȿ۰ͰͶԼҶЦЦ˹ȥӷŵҶ࣬һС˲εĶǣ᣺оô
Ҷҡҡͷֵͷ֮оô
ͬһ仰ʵ˲ͬʵ鲻ͬͬǻĹС
Ҷ˼Żģû£пˡ
С˲ȴû̵ͷ֣˵ϡ
ָֻԼᣬ۵úҲûָȴû˵ʲôֻǹԹ
˻ȷû£ҶɿתסԼ
ҶҲû¡
¶˸Ц˰˸ӷŵߡ
ȥỺĶҶƣ
С˲𿴿
СһѾճʱͨ죬ģ۾˯
Ҷʣɵʵ˭˭С
СأС̻صСүȳģȻ
Ҷգգ۾ǾǸã
˵⻰ʱӲԼͬĶ˶ֻͣӤϰԵܣȴû
ȴСءĪӶʶ°ǳѡ
Ϊ˺ǵĽǣΪʶСһɤӵҲ㣬һ޾ۣȻԸȥ
Ҷһֱ˯ţ֪Щ˳־Ͱ§
Լĸģֻŵζ͹ԹԵİСԴҶǱᣬСߣɡ
ſڣһ˵˭ȳ˭Ϊе˵ȳڸпµģԺΪ΢٣ƽͣЩûʲô̥˭˭Сһ
Ҷԣ룬ͶЦţ๫˵Ķԡ
ҲЦչȥҶһԼҺӡ
ˣĪӷҶι̣ŰǱԱȥ˯
СͷҶĴԱߣٷһкúŮ죬ϡ
ҶͻȻʲôƵģºӵ֣𣿡
֮ǰСͷǰ֮ľСĿʱȴò̫á
ŮޣԭҪٻģЦٻ⣬Ƕõ֡
ƫƫСͲЦǸԺͻ쿩ЦСһ㶼һ
ڸոպʱССһֱţ˳ſȥǷڴ̨ϵİڼɣ˳Ҳ׼ǣҲи
Ҷ飬Ц
ûЩʶŮӵ׷󣬷ҪԼҺӱ֣޲ȫֻԼҺӽҪԼָӿϡ
ϱƺܽӵϹܶӽʯͷҶǲѶӽ˴ͷ˵ŵĶصġ
С˲ҪľǸˣ˼ãҲǾˡ
Сںɫ˯˸ڵأ֪ԼԼȡ˸֡
ǵ׽ʲôû뵽
ϴѡˣСš
˵Ҷɵӣ۾Сޡ
СһﲢôãƺеĻŴС⣬ԵøⰲЩ˯ҲǹԹԵģཱུ֣żһû˱Ķ
Ҷһоǣ⺢ӱȱԺЩ
ǣ̿Сڰɡ
䣬Сؾ̽ϵݹȥ̣ȵ࣬Ӻõġ
СᣬŬԼСȡĻᡣ
ֻûǨŭεĿ˿Ҷȴ벻ɡ
һԵĪЦŵ̲õģѰӶģСʱڵģ˷ȱ˰סСүǺ˵ĳ˶Ǻܰ׾ġ
Ҷ˵ͷһǾͽСס
Īӣ
ԼӦôԼСˣҲԸֱӾܾԼӣʶɾϴһҶһѡأ簴ɺã
Ҷգգ۾ʲô˼
ЦҲ֣һ˳졣
ҶóǺ˼Цŵãͽ
ӵ־ôҶҲ͸ŽС
ֻ̥˭˭Сзֱ棬ССȷʵЩƵģȻ˫ֵ̥ܻ߽һģһǻСûۣԴۿȥʵǺѷֱ˭˭
ҶһʼҲҪͨͬɫٷֱ档
ٲȻֽȥһ˳ҲܼһԼǲûҲû
ǵֹһӣӾͺܺñˡ
һһʵǲһ
Ǹǻõвסľ⣬˳Ծ˯ûеľ
ȵۣںع۲磬Ȼ˯ŵıŵʱ࣬ʱҶҪиԼٸȷԼ念̩źá
Ҷӵʱ򣬳ÿһǰյҶڿˡ
ԼֻǸޣ˵ʱģģģ¶ۡ
ǵܵú񱦾ĪЩΪθС
ǻףҲޣɷнµſҶߣС߶ǹԹԣǳ̸⡣
Ҷ񱦵ķǻС̸ܳ⡣
ʯͷͬķʽܵá
ûã񱦱һһཱུС嵽һ𣬶⣺Ŭ飬
Ҷѣء
񱦡Ŷһһ䣺Ҳ
ĺòã
ԣ¶˸Цݣã˵񱦴ʲôʲôˡ
ڣȻ֪˵硣
ֻҶĴʻ㴢ԼֶӲ£֪ҶҲ֪С˲óǱˡ
˵ģ˵ǸܺõϯԴҲġ
񱦵ĻҶЦŵڱ飬Ǻòã
ӣ˵Ҫ飬ֻ»ѹ
񱦲ͬǸϲģŴĹĿɼ򵥣ҲͲʲôѹ
ҵ˸磬ͺϲڵܵǰ԰һ¡
ö񱦲Ųء
׿䣬ͱ
˵ʲôģֻ۾µµת
ֻڿ񱦣ڿԼ֣ƺоԼצΪʲôôԲ
ѾӵҶ££Լӣ񱦱顣
Ա񱦿ĵ֣ҶˡǧġҶ͸ž˯ˡ
Ҳ˯˯żЦȻǸõĹ
ֻȻȴԸ⿴񱦣һ˫۾Բģź飬ؿ񱦣רע
񱦱߹ˣıһΣס˯ͣ¡
뿪ʱǱĪӱ뿪ġ
ĪӻСʣܵʲôʱܳ󰡣
ԴϴαŻһ֮ĪӾͲ̫ú庢ӵĻÿⶼϸشҲһ
Ī룬ŻصҪܾúܾá
᣺ܾǶã
СүˣǾͳˡ
⻰ƺ񱦺ܶһԲԴ룬ʱһ˳һ뵰
ƽʱֻܳ԰ģͻȻԶˣĪӲι³ŵȴҪԡ
ոջȥ᷿ʣĪӽ͹ȥ񱦵ƽʱ㰮ʳԷôͻȻˣ
ץָĻصҪԷ߸ߣʱҳ߸ߵܵҲܳ߸ߡ
һЦǵʵȻأ
Ȼ񱦱飡񱦸㱳ɣ
ǣȥİʱ񱦱飬һֱˮӳ
һţɾ쳤̾
˶ºӲѧϰԼȴºקԼѧ
˵ȥûŵġ
ȥԷ֮ǰˮϴֺԼůЩŽҡ
һţͿո˯ѵҶ
ʵӵӺģȻСԼǵģ˯᲻óǡ
Ҷֻñ鿴ʱ䡣
ҶûֹĿı죬ҲһЩС˵ƸӾˡ
ţͰѻһ֡
ǰȥסҶ֣ӡ
۾ҶڿĻС˵
Ҳģֻǲöÿ
ͷ޷ǾǲӼ֮Ĺ£ֻǴδζǺŹŮƫƫÿζۣܿܵõĽҲ࣬ǹŮ̥ᣬԿĶĹҡ
ϾдĶˣдС˵ǿ޷٣Ҫдο
һ㶼ʵʣ߰㡣
ҶͿҳϲͷȥѰһЩõĸ㡣
ҶҡҡͷҲϲ
Ϊʲô
̫࣬û˼
˻һһԵСزʲôȴһ
鱾УͷУȻ̫ʺڿ
ɶţȴû¶ͷȹӣҾ͸ңһġ
ҶǣЦŶ֣
һߺһԼ߰㡣
ڲ̫ʺ⣬ոմţ˵ͻĻ¡
ȻƽɥΪ壬Ҫɥڵġ
꣬ɥڹȥȻǿԻޣҲܰ˵鶨¡
ҶȤҪˣʲôʱ򣿡
ЦŰͷصӶ꣬ǸõգʱܴЩоҲˣ뽿ͬȥ


130 
, Ҷ˲ࡣ
ҶƽȻһ
ϴλҶƽֻʱ˹ϵδ׷Ľ, Ҷƽȴ˵ÿ죬ƺմȾʼ¡
С˲αǸ, һʼƼҶƽûоֱܾ֪ԼҸ, ʱҶ׼˻Լɩӡ
ҪףҶȻҲǸ˵ġ
ɵЦſʱҶҪȥģȥɩɩҶ˶٣ֻ๫, ԶԶ
˵, Ǹ¶, ûʲô˵, ˸ͷ
Ҷ׾ھٵ, ʵ֮õĺ¡
С˲βͬ˵֮ǰǧʱ⣬ʵĵطƬɽ, żŲŲҲΪ˱ⱻ˻߳Եʱ, С˲ζɵĴ, Ųط
ڵ, ΧԶľȥɽϻȥ
͵˵ԺҪ, Ҳ֪ǳԶ, ÿҶƽִӾһһضҪЩӣֵҶˣЩ
ʵҲûȥǣߵĵطҲҶԶ١
ȴ˼ԼӣµģԶһ·϶߹ٵ̻¡
Ҷ˿ǺأҲȥ
û̴Ӧϸϸʱ򣬲ŵҪϵģڼ¿죬Ϊ˴¶Ҫúѧϰø߲źãС˯һŵСһʱ򻰶˵أǹȥҲһͲžˡ
ûаѻ˵ѰҶϸʣ¹ԼҺӣҶȻҪĪǻҪﳤס
ҶʣҲ˵̫ϸҶˣϸϸ͵ͷӾӪĲȥϸϸһ£ЩֻҪסЩӡ
С˲δӲϵ飬ԼߣԵҲòġ
пҪȥܾãҶʶСͷ⡣
СȻ˯ţȴſֱͣӰҶָҧסˡ
ûгݵСܣûʲôɿҶԹԵСԴ˯
Ҷ˳ְСĿˮ䵽һԵĲϣ۾ʱ˿ô죿
Ǳߵ鰲ˣǻӻؼһϾҲǿԵġ
ЩһŵС΢΢ɴ۾
С˲˵ʲôϡģСشСܹԹ࣬Ҳû˵𾩳ǵķãؼϾʲô
ҪھլԺӪҪȵع涼ס
СͷǶǽѳɵԺӣʯɵķӡ
˵ƵᣬƺûʲôҪģҶҲ͵ͷӦ
Ҷ˵ļ򵥣ǲģʵҪв١
˭ȥôȥȥסⶼҪϸϸ㡣
ѰҲ̼˼Ͼģһǻסڵ̺Ժ
ҪԼȥҪ޶ͬȥԼǰ̫ˣܲҲί
ðլԺҪҸլԺǿֱլӾõˡ
ⲢûҪͷδүҶƽз̽Щ
ھҾƹʼլۡʱҶƽ־ʶԼ÷ҪϾˡ
ͻһ˵̿ðõˣҲи顣
ǻȱ෴ڶҪͽ
и󽫾ľ˸ǳ谮ãֵ˾뾩ǼķأԼʥϵľˣЩѫȻҪùϵ
ֻϸŵĲΪ˴Ҳһ
˺ӹȻܣɷеĻöҲᷳ
ڳ˽Ѱϻʺ˵⣬ǺҶƽһԵüġ
ҶͬΪҶƽֵãҲΪǸˮŮӣΪԼλȨضСģദĵġ
Ҳֱ˸ҶҷӵĻĲ࣬լӶ࣬Ҳǹٻ˼ңЩ˵ķûҵֲˣһλúʵլҲ׵ġֻͻźãأûʲôϲ¶ͲҪȥˡ
ҶƽֲɵʵʥϷʲôҶɲɵػһ£ֻ˳̩񰲣֮ǰǳ⣬νѵõĺù⾰ˣø˲Ŷԡ
˿𻨸ԣģģģЩ󳼱˳ӯô˽ԣϴҿֵʱЦģûС
˵£ҶƽҲҡҡͷ
佫ĹٲͬûоҪ£佫Ǻ˵ġ
ҶƽѾǹƷ˽֪»ʽϳʱҶƽҲֻǴﵱ裬Ҫ⣬ҪͷЬǻġ
ҶƽֲȥģҲóЩ󳼵ıȡ
ƺڻʵۺֻһ˸ⲻԻʺΪɣַ࣬Ūĳʷʤ
ҶƽһֱûҲʣֻҪڳʾʱվʵ˾ˡ
Ҷƽֱ˾䣺֮¸ǻʵۼ£Ϊʲôôԣ
𻨸⣬ŲյŽȥ壬ԣ޷ǾԼеŮ󹬣Ҽϣڵɣδʵ۵ĸ壬һˡ
˵ʱ˿𻨸⡣
⾩ɸյһȽȻҪԼͬȥԷ
ȴЩҴЩᷳ
ϲȵߵģ֮ͣѩ̿侮ʯǰǼʶģĸҹһѵʱ򣬿û˭æֻûעһȥҳʣеϣϣ
ʵˣҪϸ׷Ƣþ͵ű
ǵĴͷΣ
֪ϻʺֶεģϻʺ󱳺ϳĺܣʲôʲô
һɲȻʺǱеģ飬ϻʺ˭·ܰε˭
ֻҲڰˡ
ЩҲ룬򲻸˵ġ
˿Ҷƽ֣ѹֻǲǻ֣ʹ֮ǰҲм檣ڻʱһ뿪Ŀɾֻлʺһˣʱʼע˻ʺԶǻʺ󣬾ûӣɹҲָܱġ
Ҷƽֵͷ˱ˣȻţԼһԼ˽⡣
֮ǰǶһֱųʵģȻ֪ʺϵꡣ
壬Ǹʺ֮ˣµȻʺ뼸ֵǰȺ뵽Ҳֻܣɱֹɱ
󷢾˼ҲԼ·ˣֻ³ܴ˵ġ
ǹģҳʲǵα֮ˣҲɫֻϻʺĵ
Ҷƽ֣ͬҸһľͲṼҲһġ
Ҷƽֶ͵ĺһʱûʶ⻰ƺ˵ˡ
뵽ֻǿӲת⣺ʵ÷һҪǮլԺסһҲǿԵġ
ˣɵЦ
ǹ󲻹ȴҶһԵĹŮᷳҼദȴҶϽ֡
Щ鲻ԼеģҲ˵סɩһ᲻˵лֻ˵Ǹˣϻʺ˵ܶΣ֪ʵȴưġ
Ҷ۵˹ˤˣ»ˣֱǲ֪ôˡ
µ飬ܵסȴҶܡ
ֻЩûֱ˵ǣסҶƽֵ֣ЦŵΪǳףǹ񣬵ʱ»ȷҪ˼һס
ҶƽزǶˣ죬վ˾䡰ȥ÷šˣǶӰЦֱ
Ҷƽ޵ŵʱɵҶóӵӡ
ѰҲʮ죬ǲ϶ҶһӲźãϴһʮܳ߶
ػɡĵȴҶ񱦡
ճҶģ˵ܵú񱦹ɣֵ֪ܳףÿζǹԹԵı飬˵˵ٲſҶ߿ܵãԵʲôҪġ
ܳˣҲܳתת˲
ÿ춼ȥӣȻģվԼ˯СԱߣܵǱ飬ҶʹΪʲôô񱦻شֱ׳֪Ҷ
Ҷ̫ΪʲôҪ˵Щʱѵñܶ
ֻΪ˵ģԵɡ
ȥǡȥеĽ廪ʸǷһ£ҲǺõġ
ֻҪԼһк˵
ȥҵܵáˣʱҶƽֵĻŸҶ齻ɩɩˡ
ǰʵʵķֿҶÿζлɩɩö֮͸źˡ
ҶҲͷҪ㶫ллǵġ
ҲúϸˣΪլԺ飬ҲΪ֮ǰҶƽڸӵʱ⾫ġ
ҶͱҲûʲôϡһõõġ
һ£ʶʵʲô飿
֮ǰ๫ûЩǻûֵ鰡

ǴӦˣֻҲ˽ͣǡõõġ
ӱױˣҶ棬ԹϣͷԼü
Щ¶ȻһûˣѾټǺɵ顣
ŸոյҶϸϸ軭ţ᣺ˣ˵˸ҬӣʱҬǺѵõģҬ֣ȥɡ
ڳԣС˲δûз׷̵ͷð๫ͬȥ𣿡
һüë軭ұ㲻ȥˣȥֲͬϾȥǰư񡣡
Ҷż·ݳԼ޵ӣҲԿӡ
ʱ䣬Ҳ÷Ű˲ǡ
ʹС˲βûоƾ֮;ȴǺܹĵġ
ΪԼˣΪɵġ
һֱԼ๫̳ܽ״Ԫġ
ʶҶЩ˷ܵؿ๫ȥɣɶܿúã
̫Ҳ˷ܵǴӺζҲʣʱŮ˵ϸϸչȥס
Ϳ˿֬촽ƽʱЩܳЩһζҶõһɵĿ֬
ҶҲףסľӣЦҧ´
ŬԼ뿪ʱﻹеһء
ȥϴҪɵĶࡣ
֮ǰǹҶĺӣ϶˶Ƶģס
ڲͬƽӽûб˸˵ˡ
˴βûȥӣֱŵļҡ
Ͼɲͨ¶ʹƶԼܹúãվֻǹǮϯ˼Ҳû㣬ǲҪݲˣʱߡ
;÷ŶǲߵģǳأҲΪ񱦸ϲλʦרһˡ
˭֪Ļû˵Ӧ
ǸˬʵģЦҲãԥûֱӻصҼõĺӣұϲģֻ˭ϲ̸ϻۻġֻҪٹҳסȥҾܸȥµġ
а仰û˵
;ˣżҾʵԴҲͲٿ
ǲ鲻ͷܻЩġ
ϻ۵ĺӣڷſδ
ѧһܴһǹ¡
һ򲽣ļҵ׺ͱ²ö˵ʮ˭˲֪ҵϯҲǲġ
̥ͷ񱦳ЩҪɣʮǣȥȻû⡣
ȴķŵĳԣܸò飬и֪֪׵ϯǼõģ̽飬ͷǩ
ӡžͲ˽ӵҵϯˡ
ܴ󷽵ĸһٹᣬܽĸпҵƴ֣һٹѰ˼׬ʮ궼ܲ˼־ͳˣ۶ûС
Ҳ˷ģҾʵܺùϦҲǸԼ˸׵Ķˡ
뿪˷żңȥһ̡
ûӣȥŰ缷ǰͷȻİֻ̫̫࣬վԶϲ
ȥˣȥ̡
Ĳִ̲࣬ҲңһҲҵ
ʯѡıҲ̣ʱʯר־顣
ǰ̨ŵ˵Ͷ룬һֽȣһһֻŰӣ˵Ǹ顣
ûվ˵˵ǸٳĹ¡
˼ҷƫƫв峤ϱ檣Ǹֱģָذޣճɾһһһ˫ˣɷˡ
ʵ㲻ʲôʹ£˵˵ʮ־ʣǽЩ峤ϵն̻쾡¡
ֻͷһЩϸڸϤ
ܵеĸȺֱֵܴɱиŮҩ
䲻֪Щ˭ģҲûĴ㡣
Ȼܴ֤ţҲ޷
ֻԼҽŮ⻹ͦĵġ
¶ˣʯ
ʯʵҲʾȴɫмƽϣһƬƽ߹ʱܱЦݣû˿ɫ
ɲȥкͼӼҴҵĴܽ
ʯƼӣ֣ûпڡ
Ϳӣô
ӴŴϲңүоˣ


131 
˵⻰֮ǰһֱŸո̨˵Ļ
΢һ֪ǻʼ¡
Ҳǲ, ֻҪճ߶Ⱦûʲô˵, ǹﴫǻʽ, Щðշ׷Ч
ö֮۵ۺĵǺ
ⲻ
޹أܿͿӡ
˻ϲԾĴЦ⡣
˵оʱ, ⽾Ҳʮֺ˲֪Ƶġ
˵, ˶ף, ̨վŵ˵ǵϲ, Ǳȹʱ顣
ⲻΪоٵɣΪõʸǸ׵顣
һأһ̤;
ΪˣδĻԲ, ȻлԲѧٻ֪صĻᡣ
˵˾ݾ͵˹۴ǰΣΣֻҪ, ˾, Ѱ˼涼Ҫһүġ
жѧӶһ, һӶвˣŶǣǾȴٵÿ
һԣһɳ죬б꣬Űǰ棬еĻ裬еҪҪֻǿܵ˵ᡣ
СС;ܵоˣĺ£Ȼ˵ĶҪһ¡
֪үо٣˾͸ˡ
СԪѾˣ͵ֳйϵûϵĶ˵ûҲܵЩˡ
˵ϻģҲĥǲȥҡ
⻧˼ҿѵõĸ󷽣ֻҪϯˣǹȥԶٺõҲá
˴˶࣬ʯ𲻵òԱߵķׯ¥˻ؼұϲŷׯĻƺƹһſţǵ˰
ʯϴЦ⣺ϲо٣δȻǹҶ
ƽл֪شˣ´л˼ԡ
ʯ𳤵ÿɣ˵ҲЩ崺ĸоɲǫ飬ҿܲŻڣҲɫδ״ԪҲǿԵġ
ʯ𹰹֣ȴôǰ̡
мＸ˭
Թۣʴ˺һв뷨ģСԪϡ档
ֻԼҵܱܵϾۣʶҲ࣬оپǺ£ʲôԪ֮ģʱǹġ
˵״Ԫʯ֪ش˱״ԪŻȻ
ʯǣỺʱֻʮ꺮࣬ʱΪ⣬Ϊɣĺãεҫ˹ٲ֪;ҪĲǽ¡
ڱǺĥĸɾȻȻǷʯȴԲԼһӣǳɳ١
˲յûнӻ
վ˼ԼĻºԼûϵ
ʯǸ˵ģܿЦŵҰ磬ǵýҲźá
ȻӦʣȻ
󣬵˲˵£֮ǰ֪شִԣꡣ
ʯ֪˵ϴԼӲ֪ݵ顣
֪ΪһΣ࣬ʯҲҪġ
ֻʯ¶ĵڣ֪ݵңֺǧ˿Ƶ磬ʯƶԼඨȻرŰе
ʵҲʯ룬֪ݱ⣬ԼõνҿûеõʲôǿһҶܱһ֪ݾȻǷṦΰ
ʯעģĸл֪
˵ȻҶƽ֣Ҷɵ˼÷ʯ֪ظùϵܲ˼ҳȴòر
ʯ𲢲֪飬ǸģȻ鲻򵥣ͽǵϵλйϵ
ʯȻ΢΢ãˣΪΪҶǵȵ֪ݻգ岻ݴǵΡ
⻰˵ĸǹͷʯ֪شţҵ硣


һ׺£ʯԼ뿪ҵ顣
ҶϾ꣬Ͳ˵ˡ
ʱԴȥѧƿҪǿģǴȴŲ˵߲ɣׯ벻ˣܹﻹҪġ
һ˵ѵׯӱĲҵǲԼƴĳɹ뿪ġ
ȻˣΪӻΪܵܣҪúðż
ʯ֪أóʯı£δǰ̵ģǷܽ¶и
ȻڣʯȻвӦ
㲻ǷңҲҪҶȹŮշ
ҿԺΪµøƽá
ЩҪ˵֪һһƱɶ£뿪ʱ絭ᣬ˭
ڻȥʱӻûסԼ˷顣
ԣС£֮ǰԼϹæ͸ߣѧѧ£ҲӴ֮ǰǸɵĶСӣӪӢɡ
ҵңԼҡ
Һˣܺá
һȽ;Ȼˣȥ·϶ЦǺǵĶүүǳˣͷ״Ԫͺˣ
ӲûиոնʯĹ˼˵Ҳֱ׵úܣҪ״ԪڿʼʼЩĥиеظʲôĳ͢͹ң״Ԫֲˡ
գգ۾үҪү
΢΢۾ƺϢǵģǸҲ飬Ȼȥż
ԼǸȺģ˵ֻÿ鵱ȤǰѼҹµȤ
ƽɵһƺܺúŪƵģֻҪ˵йڹǰռ࣬Ļ˵
ΪСʱƤʵϲһЩѹסһ˰տ࣬տࡱһ֮Ƕǣֶ֮֡
׿ȥӲ⣬ȴСһΪҹᱲ֮ΡĻ硣
Ʋд֣µôǲҲöϡԼҵܾܵռŸӵ뷨ͦе
㲻ý壬ȴ֮ϲ̸ֽĶ˵ʵס
Ҳˣͳл˵Ҳֻ˵
ѰСϰգ˭๳͢ߣ
ƫƫǸģ˳һ֪ݣһǬһļҲ
קȥΪľǸԼһᡣ
ԽԽ
ǲϲרŵ㲦ǾͿԼ컯ˡ
ڿҪǵʱ·һ
ӵʱƼˣͣɫƽ߽ȥԼĪһյĹų
ûƼʲôҲţֻԼҶүĻҵģ֪װʲô
룬Ӿöĺ飬ԼүôˣҲŶԡ
ϳûʣֻʼ˵ϵ顣
İͽܣΣԹԵţŵֽͳ¼Ҫ飬⾫ġ
˵ţѾصҡ
ңŵƽʣıͼҪǰˡ
Ǹģ֪ԼҶүǰӦЩ飬˸·ȥߵš
ĵһ£ǣѾͷɵǰˣ
СѾͷǲµдʣһֱţԱصûأרŷԸ˵Ƕţ˶³ײˣö̲عžˡ΢٣ֵүҪȥЩ㣿˵ġ
˻һͶ࿴ۡ
ҵ˶ǵ軧ŮҪףܱſǣûʲôģѰҴӲСǣ
ƫƫǸ˼͸ڳģ࿴ۣʵ˭ҵģ
Ѿͷ΢˺죬΢΢ͷһ¶鷢ȫȻƸոյ䣬͸Щ⣺ضүĻǰЩġ
ͷֵʵ
˻һӺѾͷɫһ䡣
ѾͷȻ۾һ￩һ¡
֪ҶٳǺõģŮǰǶᶯݰ֡
ƫƫ˵Ļһһġ
ĪСѾͷҪշˣ
ðôӲ۾ƣѾͷһۣҪûҪûεģôء
ѾͷЩͷǣǹġ
ֵͷӵȻȥӣǮģǮͻȥҲ˵ģֻ˵̫Сݲ
˵꣬Ҳʲô飬££磬ԼԺӶȥ
Ѿͷϲ֮£һʱûӦ
ӣЦŶүǶүǸֱƢȻֻԼҶ̵ģȴţӲģˣסȥӣͻȥɡ
ѾͷعζոеĽɫ˸һɶҵſڵȥץӵ°ڣүմүˣңҡҲûʲô°
ͷһⱻ˺մүЩӦȴק˦ү˵Ķԣ̫ɲҪ㡣
ѾͷҪ޺ȴһԵŤŶ졣
ǻǣĲ£ģֶŶ̵٣ʲô鶼Ϊү˼㣬һôɵģǱһٺȥģүֻ˵ˣ㷢ѾƱ֪ô
ҲˣֻŤȥСȥ׷ˡ
û¶£ǹҵĲҶ
Ѿͷֱȥ
ԭںףصŮǺѣ˵˸˹󣬱Ѱ˸ͷͻԺӡ
·ϣ˵̣ϲɵüͷ
Щ⣬ϵˣүô
ʵѰҲЩĴҪʸ֦ٲҪҵүϡ
ֻҪϴηֵҹԺֻǴӵ飬ͻׯϣû˵Ҫֱȥġ
Щȴ
ȴǸ˽˼ģһһߵɱ￴أѾͷֻǸЩº͵ġ
ԣɵصͷ
̸ճӣȴԵ˼һ֪ǾǸ¶
бµĶϱǺ£̫бĴȴǻˡ
ϲŮӣҲշҲ˼ҡ
ϵÿȻݽȡģҲ㰭·ٻطǰ̡
ӵ˵ͷӦ
ҶǴԺЦźŻǣ񱦣⣬ϵЦԽС
ǸϲҶ׵ģҶ꣬Ҫ͵һףȵ˲ſϰݡ
ȴϲ㣬СüëţҲҶףһ¾ͰҶ꣬ˡ
Ѿ˲ٵֱֱԼҵܵܵСԴʹܺüڣҶҲչȥž£Ȱ׿ҶЩãȻ񱦻ҪٺЦ⡣
ʱƼıֵܰһĻ
Ī񱦺ǴһЦǺǵģһռҶһֻ첲֡
һۣƼޣֽӹ
⺢Ѱʵģ޲ֵģżôһ·Եþ춯ء
ɵ΢üͷ˴С˭ˣ
һ⻰̳Ҷ
ǴӲģ飬񱦴û¹
ǲ֪ǲǺ˼ʹСҲ֪Ǽģ˵£ˣûܾ
¶񱦾ͻѰҶİ
ҶûдԼԹԵҸողС׿ˡ
˻һü⿪۾ĿŻڿ
ҿ˿Ҷʱһϲëӹϻ£ֹܿ˿ֱĿţרע
ǳûԺҪ㣬ܿޣТ˳
񱦣
СһʱЩãȻ˵õĵֹأΪʲôԲ
ȻûܽˣһˣҲ۾ǷСغĪӴȥϢ
ǲҶߣüֻҶеºͣǲԼڼҴˣ
Ҷ˵ͷҡҡͷЦŵտʼЩȤҵʱ򣬾˼ˣҶˡ
˻һŮ˱΢΢һ١
֪ĸΪԼҲǣͻȻ⻰ﻹǿһ¡
˵ǸпǷᡣ
ǸϲԹϲˣ̫ãԼЩ֮ǰġʱ⡱
Ҷ׼
ӻó˸ݸҶȴʲôû˵
Ҷصģù򿪣ͿǼ顣
Ҷһ㶣Ц
ͼɫģܺöء
Щڻ·ģѡÿͼ軭ø⾫ϸӡҲãžʹżʤ
ЩҪ͸˸磬ЩҪԼġ
Լ򴺹ͼûаɬһںԼоƵģһӣʱ磬Ҳ˯ˣһԿɺã
С˲Цеصͷץסһð
ͷ죬ȴǵס˵ɡ
ɾ׼˳Ƶȥʱӿ˿۴үǰˣүȥһء


132 
ŵʱʵ;øˡ
Ϊǰж, ΪѰԼҶүͶһʱ, ŵġ
ֻΪܰκοͨͨӣĻܰ
ʹӻ, ̫ǵʲô֪үϲǡ
ҪΪǰߵļ򲻸ҹȥŵġ
Ȼ, ƿʱľĮ飬Լ˫ۡ
ֱѾû, ԴȢҶ֮, Ӻ, ɫҲãû˺ȦɫٲȻǸһ忡
ֻǴ˿̣ӻоԼּǸƹһˡ
ûԼĻƢΪԼɲˡ
˭Ѿ鵽ʱ϶
ҲЩɰͰ͵ģ˵
Ӱ㲻и̻ش𣺡ү, ǰ˴˵幫ˣ˲ˣү͵͵öүȥơ
仰˵ĸɴ䣬Ұ͸˸
Ŀֻһ
ү, ҳĸ, ǰͷ̫ƽ
幫ͷ, ڴүͷϣͷϾˣ
ÿɷֻǵġšһţҡ
ֻһеķ궼ڿЦӯӯԼҶʱһˮ
Ҷ˸Ƿ£һѣϵأֱ֣ңƲ
æǰڴ߸ϵžӺĴӣĪǼ
ҶŤͷȥ۾ɾǴƱϪˮУҴӦҪġ
Ļص£ˡ
ʲô¶С˲βףһСϻʲô¶
ˣҪȥ˯˶٣⣬ﶼҪúÿġ
⻰Ҷ͵ͷ
ѾԽˣԴ˵ȻûϵǺӱϾףʱٱȥźá
رԼ³СһѰСЩʹûд󰭣ϴδŶۣһһĸαۣȻǲʱҪܡ
ˣ˹ʵ˱ȥ˯һϣڶʱͻҲѰ¶ˡ
ֻ϶ǰһҶ˵ãôͻȻûйģС˲βɵö˾䣺ʲôʱ˵ôǵá
Цͬ˵ġ
ȻԼԼʱߵġ
Ȼڻû˵ȻȥҲһģʲôʱ˵˵أ
ȴϵãְԼոѵѴȥ
ֻﰲοԼ͵Ǹ׼ˣϾǽһδ׽ϴЩ⡣
ҶʵҲģֻֻƵش£ͷʵ๫£
Ȼոֻ˵䣬Ѿ֪˴룬һ߰Լ췢һߵ幫ˣûʲô¶˱ˡ
幫
Ҷգգ۾Щȡ
С˲ζѰ֪֮٣ڼԲ
Ǽǵõģڵ׵ڶͷ˵ʱԼֻ˵ɩܣԵĲû׾ˡ
ʱͬ˵Լ˿ڼ򵥣û壬Ҳ٣ֻ幫֪ǴӺζ
ĺ棬ҲҶʣͻشֹҵģ游Ǳͷ˼ңɣƽؾҲ棬幫һӸǲӲӥƢֻ˵ۼҵ˽ң֪о٣ġ
⻰˵ļˣҶǡԣ硣
ЦͷĶͷһ£ԵģǴ磬ǵúܺãõҲãֺء
С˲ֺǺǵؽĿޣ۾ǿ˿ӳŵӵӰӣʵȻ£Ͻȥǡ

ΪΣ
ȻҺôģǶȻ뿪Ƣͻ˺ƤǱƼˣֻֻ⵱еģʹƽʱ⣬ǶԵ𾴣˵ʲôǶȥ
ݶˣǺãǸǻǻ
ף幫һǾԲܴģҲ˵˵̰СǼ첻ߵﱲ̯˭ǽŵ׻Ƶģ˦ϴ˶ġ
ǰûΪǻŪĵݰæƢãΣĴζǰæ˻ҪԹҲˡ
ƽʱͰˣׯӻҪҪƿԼҲҪ涼ҪЩС
ӦݣͷţʱԼʹ綼˵ҪǵܿƿֻǺڶûޡ
˵Ѿּңɡ
˵꣬ѵôͬİ·ǰʱҲû˭Ӽá
˵ɣּţ˭
ֺϡĺƢˣǶ˵ݣɵӲϡ
ֻһϲǰͷЩʶݲϵʱԼȥȰҲЩ
Ҷһ˶뿪
ҶӲ飬๫ܣȻʲôǵġ
ˣҶһߵݵ鰸ã򿪣ͷһơ
һһ桷ŶԱȡ
òÿ岻ѲѾС˲ζϸϸɫרע
ŲյСضûԼҶٿ顱СĽյ͵ķŵϣС˳ţŪ
ûãСƿẉ̂ˡ
Ҷ˳̵ְһԣЦŵô
ϾʹЦ߽
ҲкһûҶˣ֮ǰҶ˫ӣģǵҶӵʱ򣬶ϾͲ̫ţ¸Ҷ˺
Ҷӿ̥Ҳǰͷ£ųҸףоٵơ
ҶͬǰСط˲ϵҲ˲˲㣬ŵпڷˣǲ֪ǰͷжڣæһڶûϡ
ɸһ˵꣬Ͼڡ
˵ֱˬûŵģոշҪҶ幫ŵ飬ģ˭֪һСľ˵ˡ
С˲θվ˵ˣҲûʣֻЦеҲһŽ
㣬ζá
æ˻⣺֮ǰ๫˵ͶүҪһˣ
Ҷ˵ͷţȥҴ˴ҪˣҺ๫һȥ
Сү͹أ
񱦣Ȳ⡣
ԣԥһºҶ죬˭˭Ͳҹܵ¶ֻҼٺӣ֪⺢ԣ㲻ţԺԴͲˣҴüأֲǴϵĺá
Ҷ֪ЩǶϼȻ˵ˣ£๫Ҿ͸˵˵¶΢٣ʵҲ᲻ǡ
⻰ڶϿϾΪ˸ĸģ˭ӣ
ϵ⣬ء
⻰С˲ȴͷ˵ġ
ںļ׽ıӲԶС˲ȻʲôǷֱ֮ࡣ
ҶǸһʼⱼģҶŶȿࡣ
ֻǺӲͬС˲᲻νеĸ飬żСӣ˵ϧǼٵġ
οԼ۵ģȻҪԼú桭Լúչ˲Ŷԡ
಻ȱӣֲչˣƺҲûʲôá
ţҶ۾俴˶ϵȹ
ϲѰŮİ㺬ȴǸܰɾģһ۶Уʰøɸɾ
ȴһɫĺۼϥһֱףһƬǲˮȥ˵ġ
Ҷɵõôˣ
ϵͷƣϾ¶Īɫ
գնһǻ̾˿ҴõģҺͣżпڽҲβһԲϣͱ򷭲յȹǡ
ҧҲ֪ʲô񲣬֡
ڹʱ򣬺٣δζΪ۸ˣԼƲȥźڽǣĶ֪һԼ
浹ù
Ҷǡסһ
֪ϵƢģѰ
Ī˵ʲôҹǹŮΣԼ߶һµġ
˭̵֪ء
Ҷʵ˭Դ˹ʵǲ֪˭ģĪʲôûԼᵽĹٻ˼ң
ŬסԼ۵ĳ嶯ѹڸʵѡ˳ӯôҴﲻ֪ʹʲôӣƾȥҪˣҪģҲֻˡ


133 
Ҫѡˣ
Ҷ, ˵Ҫѡ𣿾ǻͷġ
ҲֻͨСϰ, ˵ˣ, Ҳͺ֪˵ʲôʲô֪ĲǻЩԱˣž
ҶЩ, ෴, С˲μЩС˵ͷʵ۶Ǻǧˣ޲ܰ˶Ūȥ, 񲻹ѡѣûʲôֵġ
ֻǻɳʣҶԴﲻɵüǸִֵҪڹ̯ҡ, ֻһ³ʺദģ, ǱͻȻðһȺòŮӵӡ
ͻȻе벻
ûƳҶ˼ֻܽŵҴǸŰģֻǼе㱾£β֪Ϊʲô͹ٻ˼մ״ʵ˼ҶŮ, żæŵĸŮ, ҾͳûŮȥˣʹ˲Ǯ
Ҷգգ۾빬, һҪٻ˼ң
˽ⲻ, ֻԼ֪˵Ҳ, ǵ˼ҵŮȻǺõģҪûģʼҲŹԱҪ̧Ůͨ˼ѡƷòϼѵҲǿԵġ
Ҷͷ˿
ȴЩ߷߲ƽոձű¶˵Ͼʲôʹ¶ǼȻʵˣ˵ˣ⻰Ǵ򿪵ϻӣеϲϡ
²յҧҲǸ׵ģҵһ£ѾԼ˻ڣʱҪͬҸ׵ģҶû˵Ļ֮ǰЩ¶ҿǰûᣬΪ빬ӲĻ˻Լƽ׵Ҽ˸û
ЩСϢĻû˵
˵֪ݴ᲻ŮҲżˣŸһᣬ˵˷׷۹еۺٳ˵ĻᶼûС
ֻЩʹżţϱû˵
վµģֻһڻŭ
Ҷ֪ڻʲôһԵСЩȵ졣
ϵûסԼһҵҪȥﴳʲôأǸƢǺܿ춭Ͼ
˼ҪģóͰˣһʵϹţһСĵ˳裬Լ˵ʲô˿ʵ
ǽЩá
ߺߵĺ˼ڲ裬ֺҶ˵ҩʱչЦա
ǰֶ֮ǰѡŮ빬괺죬㵽ʱ೤۶ɱϲźãǸˡҪƤġ
ҶͷӦ׼ʡ
˿ǰɫĿ幫ż˶Լա
ϣ幫ȻǹģΪҪǣ幫иﱲ竣ֳ˾幫Ҫͨ
ƫƫĺ󱲶Ϣּʱʵǰ游ϳ壬˭뵽ϳȥһ֧Ȼб£
飬ִƢ幫Źչˡ
ȷʵˣΪ˺˳ʵⲻɵ
෴ȢԶŹ㣬֤Լġ
ֻʲߣǸȱ㡣
֪Լʲ㣬̹Ȼϣŵ㡣
ˣѺһ˵ַֿ֪Լ㡣
ֻ幫߿࣬º͵Ц۾ȴʱʱĿһ
幫λ׵һҲǸֱ۵ģίģһ̾һߵɵӾǱƭˣӲĳ˿˵ƽ޹ʵ˻ˡֶҪܹǲǣҲѪ׵ģҲܣûл·ˡ
û˵ֻ̾˿
һԵüͷ
Ϊﱲʵȥ๳ģ幫屲ͬ˵ǡ
仰ȡ֡
ּҲˣƽظûнȴףԼҰƽ飬ô˵ĵ
ѲǶܣ˵ôбµľֵأֵصҲԼһΪ˴ġ
幫һҾǶݣ˾Ǵ󶾲ݣҲʲôõġ
ƫƫڻҪܻԼߵׯ磬Ȼ⡣
ɫһԡ
幫˻ǲΪЩż
˿Լһˣ̹ڵؿߣǵܵǸ۲֪常ȾɣǵǴϹͷŽݰ
ʱӿ첽˽
ո֮ǰȥϢ
ķʽҲ򵥣ֱȥѯ˾ڰף˻
첽ߵߵ˵䣬΢üͷ
Ҳٱտڲԣվ΢΢һŵ幫λ壬õܡ
˵ĿƽͣǸദġ
幫Ȼ֪ģʵλӶүı仯ʵ̫֮ǰĶ£ھͰĶ㡣
Ƽˣ幫ҲԷ飬ֻԼûһүƵﱲȻڻΪ˼嵣¡
ϣ幫Цŵɿ
ֻԣ֧İֽһӸϣŵҶǰ¯ĺܡ
۾ǿҪ˵˵
̵˵ɡ
һ񣬶ƽ幫˵λֻɱβŴµĻ£תȥһƺ幫˵г롣
˻һ幫Ͼ΢΢һ
ǽӵʾ⣬ǰһضҵĻ˵λүǰ·ں󣬶˼Σûֱ״ŮʹŮӲҧԾ
סڣ幫һùȣվ˭ҵūͣȻ˲֪أ
ȴﻹЩ
ӾˣȻ֪һЩҵơ
ǰͷʱͼҶңӲ˼ң˾Ҫ磬һӶǵġ
˵Լֻʵʵ˵ָǵı֣Ҳ˵Լһ䲻á
ӳȥǸˣֻܵͷӾͲվһԡ
ȻɫƽĿף飬Ҳûа취ġ
ȽƽѷӦǿҵöࡣ
ǸˬֱƢЩ¶ĵĶһߣȶˣһг͢ⶼˣ˭ܹɻ
幫˵Ūһʱ幫бƤŻŮӵļˡ
֪࣬ʱѾɣҲֻűϵù
ڱ˼ҵ˸׶幫ˡ
ոջſڵʹֱӴ幫Ҫʲô˼ʹˣлǲܺú˵ҪиôΪԼѸϵ𣡡
ƳһۣôϹã
һҭ
ȻϹõģﲻ֪û˹ϵôȻǿ幫ˣȥ˹ãԼǸɵֻܵĸҡ
ҲֻТѹˣһˣˣͲԺ˵治Т
⻰ϡ
Ҫһڻؾ
ɸոо٣Ҫʱ򣬳òӡ
幫ҲǡõĿڣۣ۳žҪιȥˡ
һʱû˻׼̧
ǣĸСС̧һź첼Ҷ
ǰǰϣֽҿ˺첼
棬ĸɫġ־нࡱ
ߣǼõ֣Ҫǣ͵ġ
ȹȥعζҲȥΧʹӸǹһƬ
幫Ҳ˵нҵ飬ȻǰûڿǵķӦ֪ʲôˡ
Ҳװææĸ£Χ˹һƬ
ͷһģҲͷһġ
ŽңϥϲڵĳͳʥϳƺҼΪ־н֮ңǸҵȣ¹˼򲻿ͬЩ̨Ϊ顣幫ҪǿҸΥ֮£ҪҵȿּˡҵȲҹͬ
˻һ幫;ǰһڡ
֮ǰΪǸ£Ͼнڣĸ˼Ҷܸӣ˵ȥҲŻˣܰȳġ
˭֪ȴѹԴϵĴɽ᲻Ʋá
֮ǰḷ́񶼳һգô
Ҳ˼ԼҶܾа취䵭˰ȥ˵˿ˣӹǲãúƣеĻ룬ܲÿܣ˵ҴͲܡ
⻰ǰ˵ˣԼˡ
ʵôһԵﶼЦ˼ҵá
ЩĿԼҴ磬ǰֻ֪Ѵƣȴ֪ҭ˵ʱҲǺһֵġ
幫ʹˣ滹ܷҪ˼˵һΥʥǲȫ塣
ãбոװΣھΡ
ƫƫܵȥֻǿ뿪һ۵ιȥˡ
ֻЩҶûʲôϵҲûȥ⡣
ָȥ¹ҽң·һ㵽ǰȥӴҲҪӦˣ֮æúܡ
صʱѾϦ¡
ʱƼҶϣЦеĶźӡ
Ӧʱ򣬱ûڣֻСһ
ǸõģԼԼģСԲཱུЦǺǵģ۾תǶһ
һ⺢ӵ۾ĲҶβЩȣ޲Цʱֻ۾
ֻϲëЧܺá
ȲҿҲ֣ⰲרעСͱսСȭͷţԴֻ۾ضת
ͦȤģҶź󣬾кƣòء
Ҷ˵ʱȴֻûлζֻ۾ûȤԴ˸Ƿͱ۾
Ҷ״ЩĴչȥԴһڡ
Ҫ׵ڶڵʱСצӾ׼Ҷ촽ϣüͷţʹİԴ
һԵﶯȥҶҲŰݡ
Īһţ̣ү͹ﶼˣιһ¾ͱȥ˯ɡ
һ䣺ˡ
ǣͱȥˡ
ҶС磬ιֺ̣һһһıţĺ󱳣ǴöŵݸĪӱߡ
۾Ů˵ڴ˸תҪȥ
û飬ҵᲹˡ
ҶûͼֻһϵһЦӯӯĵոմˣ˵¶㡣
óҶ˵¶ԭҪȥԼĨغϲʵһʹϣһʵ£
һǴ˵СǰˣҲǲܽʱǴϡ
˵㲻ô£һ仰룬֮ǰ·;Զչ˺Ӳ̫㣬ȥԺҪ֡
ǱҶƽֺͻģӶҺˣҲûôನۣӴϾʹˣͷ˵ҲеʱǶչˡ
ҶһЦ̽ͷȥס
ȴǳûƫͷŮ촽ϡ
ŵζҬӵζǱҬԼӻûء
ҶͿϣŵи¶Ҷ㿪Ҵ˵С˲βǸܽģ˰Ҳֻһ仰˵Ǻˡ
˻һ΢΢üϸϸˣҶѸոնϸԼ˵Ķ
һŵ
ֻи֪
ʵ֮ǰ֪ʵƢԣǸ˵ƢͲǸɫ֮ͽҲǳĺĵģȻҲִִƵɱǰ
ϣҲ⡣
ļƣгǸýҲʱơ
ܶһ棬͹ǺܶüжҲȲģϻʺֶξһ㡣
ǰ˵̯ϵЩӡ֤뷨
ʵҪѡڳԣƫƫͿʼӳۺķ޺Ļ˵ɺϣɵӲš
֪ݵŮȴҴ˿ӣһͺˡ
Щ󻧣֪ЩֻҪ֪ݼûжֻҲĥһЩζ
˼֪ݸ͸֪ԼλȨҲӪ³λ룬ͲԼŮȥܿ
ھٻ᲻ϸŲһŹԱûйϵ
Ǯˣ֪ݾ˳ˮۡ
ϵڱڱģ񣬾Ͳˡ
һ֪ɵӲġ
ϸͽѰն֪빬ĳӻйŮأǸǺשߵĽūſɱӶˡ
Щδڸӣټң˵Ǹ鷳ֻҶĶͷ£ʱǶ㿪ЩˣȨơ
Ͼ˼ĿͷںͷԼҲûҪġ
Ҷģ˵ͷ
ȴֵֻɩɩǱߵɩӣ¶Ǻɩɩ˵һĺá
С˲⻰ĥһ²ݹϵ
ҸӾϣҺͷմ״ʣҲͺе
Ҷ뵽춭Ϻ߹հ˹յĹϵɵøп治ףкܶݡ
˭˭ˣ˭˭ּˣܵĺ鷳
С˲λǼ֪һһܹûġ
׼ȥѷһ
ɩɩϻСǱĺܺãԼãӲȻҪر
鵽ǺҷЩǣ׾һپһ°Ĵܺ˻ܸ÷֪
һ᲻ȰǾˮů֪ˡ
ģҲҶ룬ȳҶȥо顣
òȣ΢һӾ׵ػһʰ
˼Ҷӻţû̫ڣȴҶһͨͲ֪˭ק˭ˡ
ڶ죬Ҷ˯ͣð緹ȥϡ
СȴС̸̣ոȥ˷ԺǵȻȥɡ
Ҷһ£ʵôˣ
Сҿ˿С˵ĨȥģôȰȰסء


134 
Ѱϲ, Ҫ, ڼʵƢûġ
ȥǰ޵ͷ˵
С˲ҲܲµЩԵ飬Ū޴ɩǺ£ҶǸʲôҪĶƢ, £С, ׼Գȥ
ϵԺ, ȷʵҪ˵˵˵
Ǹ˵, ֪ݵ̨, ŵһù, озҡ
ǷҴΪֺۼԼ˵飬϶»ȥˡ
ѿڷϵ˵˺ûû÷ұ֪ǣ
Ϲ, ˶ϸлİԼҴƲ壬ֻ˵ܵĲ׺ҶϵĴȰԵʲôᡣ
һ˵һ߿ޣ϶Ӹᡣ
߷ּ٣˵, Ҳȫû, ҪΪԼ, Ҳ˵ԺȻٸż鷳ֵϺһŻȥ
ȷĨ˵ʱСʵˣǺ⣿
ղŷ˵ģģģػֻ˵żҵĶѹȴ˵Ϊʲôѹġ
ϵǸ˽ⷽЩһͻңҸȷʵǸŵģԺٲǻżææ
Ůڴˡ
Ѱҵĺô޵Ļ̧́棬ԵĶմϹ⣬Ҫҳ¶޳ȥҲҪǻ
˵֮ǰ³߹ýϣȥң͵˲³ҵŮǼ޳ȥҲǣѹ
ʱ򣬹ڿңżһ᲻⣬ҪǶҵһ㲻ܣҪ˵Т˳ͷΪѡ
кôˣմֻǼ޳ȥŮóȥˮ
лˣȴҪקȫȻˮóȥˡ
ѰϵǸ಻ģżܵͺá
ֻʲô¶÷ϳײʹ죬ģƫƫŮܸ˵ҵĲǣŹԼ˵һʡԺԼˡ
ӱʵˣҪҹȥʣ
ҡҡͷתת飺ϱǸﲻסģл˵ȴҪ̲ס˵˵ģҪǸʲôҪ¶ȻᴦǾͲҪˡ
ӦһЦŵȥСү͹
˵⣬ҲһЦæ챧ƣǸСƤһûҪҧֵܵء
ʵ˵ֱ֣̥ȤҲ˫ݶġ
ӱȥӣʱһȥүԺ˵ˣڹʱ
ϸһصԼԺ˴ˮϴϸϴ۾ˮؿɵ˴ϣȻܡ
һԵҲȰֻܰ̿ȵģ÷̹Щ
ȴ֪ԽȣԽ
԰ѱˣǽš
ѻʱƼľ
⵹ͷһؿģԼԼԼԼڲҲ£ԼԼһɲ
Ȼ֪˺£ȴᳵ·ˮϴ֣ȻЦŴչȥգɣȻˡ
ǰԹԵģǸԼ๫ȴ⽿־ѵֱһѡ
һ£־Ť˵£Լţü΢ôôǸóɹû
ԱصˣǸղϴֵˮ˵û˵꣬Ϳ˷΢Ȧ
ѰϹȻǿ޵ʱʵǲࡣ
͵ôһ£Ѷûæʵôˣ
ʻãһʣԽί
ӻȥֻʣʱϲŵһˣ˵ҵ顣
󣬷ϾֱӰһڻŮ빬˵˸ס
Ѳûкͷ˵ôϸֻ˵˼֪ݲͣٻ˼Ҳͣʲô¶˭ϸŶҪЩͷû̵ôһȡ
⻰˵Ҳýȥ
οȥ׽¶Ҳһİţ÷ȥʵʩģ÷϶ԼҶܴЩĪľ塣
ܼȻ˵˲ãǶĲá
Ǻȥһ䣬ȴ䳰ȷ˻
귽ϵĻȻѲ̫ƣֻ;òס
û˵ʲôϾǷ¶Ůܲ˵˸˵Ĳǡ
Ͼûôɻ䣬ҧ֪ǺģҲб£˵ܸǶԵģŻȥһɩӣ˭֪
Ļû˵Ҳܲµ
ϲ˵ǻ˷ϣٲó죬»˺֣ȻԼҲô
˸ҲǼģ˵ԼֻСλǼᣬǷûܵҶݣҲûıϵĿ̱
ǾǸץһ۶޲߬ģǽҾġ
ѱϵıȻ˱㲻Ҫˣ㻰˵ˣҲ;ˣҲǵ顣
߬ѵ촽ǲˣǣԺҲÿҵϸǺҷĸҾТǸǵĶȥˮôء
ѱЦ֪Сֻ̣Ǹеߵģһһĸˣ˵˺ˣУѵô󷽣Ǯˮ
æɲӡ
һЦԼϱƢҲͦ˼ġ
ʱͻȻǰһڣҪȥ
æסˣΪˣæȥ
ȵϣ˵ϺԺﴫŶ˵ǷУ˵һࡣ
Ϣʵֵúϲ죬ϴʯͷԺһֱûʱٴУĸϲһ׮ˡ
Ҷ֪Ҳ˶ϣר˶Ĳҩȥ̥
ֻٽ꣬ΪгɩѰʱ鶼ٳֵģڷϻ˺ӻ£ȻǲܹڲģЩ͸
ϾҶȥǣܹҪġ
С˲ԭеȻÿ־ǿż飬ܵĸĿϤҪһӣҪٳֺҪʱһαһ¹ȥ
һӿ˷ֵ꣬լӵҲʵˣ˷͹¡
ҲЩ֮ǰеڣɫԣԽԽףѾǰһСʱ򣬾ǸŴƵģ
ֻûɫӳ˲١
ʱ񱦶ֲǣδҪһҪǿơ
Ǹ취дθ˵ʱ򣬷˵˹ġ
Ҳ֪ʲô˹ģǼȻвͨ񱦾ֻ˸취
չȥҧľ⣬ľ
νʱƼľϣЦǺǵıҧһˮ񱦡
ɲɵ߹ȥŲ񱦲˲ֱ˻Σ۾ȴǿҶ
С˲רĵؿ˲ᣬűڼʲô档
ɵõʲôģ
ҶȻҪʱԼһҶԼҲǺõģ˭֪ҶȴͷҲ̧ĵԼĥ㡣
΢΢һ٣ʵΪΣ
ҶҲֱӻص˵ˣȻͷ˾ǣԺ黹Ҫģöܺùʱ㡣
֪ڽҶζԹܼˡ
ѰյŮǲЩģͨ˼ңԱůѾףѧҲ˷ѡ
ҶͬҪլĸģܻòʲôļ֮ģլıȴҪһѧ
֮ǰϾͽֻ̹ܺһԺӡ
ҶӣҲøϷϻ̥ܹ£ϾŴҶѧѧܹܣܺùͷһĨڡ
֪ϵĺ⣬ҲͲ˵ʲô
סҪС֣ŵ£߽Ҷ
˵۾Ҷǰ̯ļᣬֻһɨܿס
ĿҲмʹӹõϸҶϸļ¼ּ˵ǵ㲻رǴۿȥûп©Ȼùĵġ
֪Լȥѧ
⣬ҶƢˣõģֹܼҵ¶ǸٱȥúѧģҪûõģʫʸ踳֮࣬Ŷ˯ţġ
ʵҪʮȫʱϣԼӿľͺãЩķ¶Լ
ڿҶŬĪЩο
ǶΪҶŬֻϸԼֻ׬׬ǮɽҪӣҪܺլ̫ࡣ
ǣͷҶĶͷס
û˵Ҷ๫һûϴأż˵

ʲôͻȻôһ仰Ūö䷢졣
һѾʼҧֵ齣ˣǲһ֮ǰŲø֡
Ҷͷôˣ
۾ƵĵҲ̫ˣҲͲã۾һСƵġ
˻һ̰Դ飺񱦲
ҶҲô˵˵СҲмԵģʲô֪ͷ⻰Ժ㲻ô죿
ӣֿԼӣǵѡٶ˵
ɾʱͻȻȺġ
һͷͿڿԼˡ
˫۾۽΢ͫīڣƫƫϾǾ񣬷ϾһƬȻ޹
ź֪Լһ
ĪЦӹ˸ϽˮҶ߹˿ϵġͼգգ۾๫û¶֪ʲô

ոô˵ġ
ҲΪˣϴ˸裬ϴһʱѸԼקԡͰ
ΪԡͰСЩҪһգĥʱ鶯Ҳ⡣
ҶŹǷɾʱҪҶȥ
Ȼ֮ǰӲãõȻ飬ǳ˲٣Լҽϸȥ⡣
ΪˮһȣͰѸոձһҶ̡ˮ
Ҷ

ҶԼԼɾȻԼקصɺúϨ˴ʣҶС๫ҪҸӰɣ
죬ȴ֪˵ʲôֻƵġšһ
ڶ죬ҶүȥһϺõĵ̺ڵϡ
ֹЩӣս£붬ĵһѩٴΪ˹æµ


135 
, Ǵ¡
ؼԲʱ򣬻һ׵ڹء
ʲôʱʲôʱӭⶼйصġ
ҶעЩźլ֮£С˲ȻҪϸؼ£źһİ
Ƚ, ҪĸʢһЩ
Ϊȥһֵܸн, ҲΪҪԸǰ̡
ɵׯ, ɵӣɵĻԣǴ, á
ҹҪϾˣԺǲϱŴȥһݡ
Ȼ汲ͷ˼, ּȴҲ, еġ
֮ǰ幫һ˱ڣ֪Ǳлʵ۳, Ȼ˻, ȥʱƺƴ֮ǰЩذֶû˵
幫Ƕ, , Ȩ۲Ϊ
ֵȰ, ϴϱ, 
ŻвҪдҶȴǺܹصĸ󣬸Ź򣬸ſͷ㣬Сѧ
ǳأҪǳھη
֮ǰС˲ȥ￴Щ߸ߴķүнҲ¡
Ϊǰˣܹǻģġ
ȻҲԸС˲αֻһʽġ
ﲻͬ߹λҹʱȱǻģҶֻǿžͲԾõͷ
С˲˵ηѾϰߣȻǹġ
Ȱˣ뿪˼ҵʱҲѾǰʱ֡
԰ϾۣѱСķŷϻȥʯͷҲģĻŷϣ·һ÷ϵЦû
ҶСôһˣ˯һš
ҲС˵˵Ļᡣ
̿𿾵ȺģϣҶ£ȣ۾
ϸָذŮ˵Ķǣָ΢΢ѹѨλʵزأ
Ҷߺһ֪ˣأá
ôţʱˣȹӦþͺЩˡ
ҶǿɣҪ°ӣǮǽҪðĶŶˣһôҩרץЩҩġ
ȿȡֹס˻ͷͺúϢҲ١
ҶԹԵı۾ûþ˯ˡ
һֱ˱ѹ
Ѿ¹ʵˣԱ߱һڿ
ҶչȥǣȥƣȻ̻ˣ׼˿ƣһŰɡ
ҶԴӵһηſƣͶֽܷСȤ
̵ͷ磬ú¯ëӰĲΧʵʵԼ£úů䣬Ҷһš
ú󣬱̻š
ⲻҶһο̻ҲһΣֻÿοúƯ
С˲ʵѾԼΪʲôԵôִţǾõ˸ɣҲǾС궼ܱˣԼܣЩµ
С˲ڷ˵ĺô֮ȴܸжԼǶӡ
ϧ̰ϲڵһС
ϲ๫ϲӣϲ̻ʱ
ֲС˵˰ȵǧ궼ʹ죬ǼõģʲôС˲λ
Ҷ̻𿴵ķ㶣ôվ䣬׼õĿ˳
Ѿд˼黰źÿͼˣӣɰ
ҶͺһѿƷŷɣλƵķ죬Ҷ
վߣЦʵʲô
Ҷͷ˵ʱһŰʲôЦ춼ӣҲ
⻰ȴﶯ˶
Ѿöˣ𵱳ǿ˲֪١
ֻЩʱɻǺԼͻȻͲ鷴ԽԽ¡
Ϊ᲻õԽԽࡣ
᲻Ҷ᲻񱦣᲻⡣
ǰֻԼʱֻ¶Բ˵ĻдܣҲӵ
ڣǣҵĶˣҲһ졣
ҶĻɵʵ˶Ҫǧ꣬㲻𣿡
ԣС˲գգ۾ػش𣺡롣
֪ҶӲ˵ѻҲԽҪ֪ԵɣΪʲô
ҶţΪѾйǧˡ
Щӿųȴû˼ˣˣؼ̫Ȥĺ͹µĥ
ֻǵʱС˲βֿĸойµ๫бмѣ֮ǰǧĻȥԸ
ʹΪֻ꣬Ҳĸʡ
С˲ͻȻеСΪʲô׷๫ˡ
Ǳ̫ĥˣůů
ֻҶֲǸģ˵黰˵ֻǿ֮ǰС˵һʫһ߻һߵ๫ڣöǺõģҲԣ㵱Сô˵ţ
˼䣺óɱĿδԸԧ첻ɡ
ҶЦŵͷżһ£๫
ȴû˵ǽӵסҶ
е죬û
ȹ˻ϵ̻ЪʱҶͻȻ˾䣺๫Ŀ𣿡
°ľѣԵͷš
ҶƫͷЩ棺ó𣿡
һ£ǣóԣԣ
С˲εͷ
ڶ죬պõıĿ͵ҶϣҶٴҵ˵˵Ŀ֡
ʲôĿ㰡ǵ˺áóԡ


136 
, ӲûԽš
ҪΪӵæµҶҲҪﱸٶȻҶƽֺͻĻУΪ˶ܿῼ͵Եģ¾Ҫʼԣǿ˻Ҫϵԣʱš
·ϲ̫, ȥҲҪ̫źá
Ҷﱸ, Ѿװĸ, ܵĶҪϵġ
Ҫȫҵ鱦ƱЯʶҪѡĻһ·, ҶƽƺҲ뵽㣬ת̹һ·һҽ
С˲λר˸Ӹһȥɽϡ
Ǹ², ûôסҪ, Ҷÿϧȴܿÿֲǲ, ֵطŷƽ, ǵײǸܳôȥĵطǲǹٻ֮, Ҳץﲻ, Ȼ, Ҫססġ
Ҷ, Ҳô˳ȥԼµĲҩˡ
ֻЩǶܴߵģһЩ˷ŵСĴɽʣµЩ͸ϣЩ͸֣ϣǸϺͷϷˣǲ˷ѡ
Щ鴦꣬ҪӣѡȻҪСģҶӵҶҪܵͷ
ѡȴҲֱչ˺ǣĪӴһ
˵ӣĪǺ֣ʣҶΪɽׯӵæµʱĪӾͰѡõļ˾һϸϸḶ̌ǳ©źá
ҲӹܽˣЩ¶Ҳᳵ·
ڿʱӺĪӾһԾƣЩĽ񵱺иˣ˵ͽڻڶǰ棬Ժ˵
Ľʵ⣬ĪҲԼ˵á
үһбµģ˭֪ڶүͶǰ˺ãġ
ûѾүȥ˭ֱ棿
СҲ֮ͬǰĻëѾͷȻССģ˭˶£ǰǸСȣǳȥ¶ʱúܣżڴүׯҲ˸µ
ĪӸҶʱ̣չ˵úܺãҲڶү¡
²˵󸻴Ⱳǲ±ˡ
Ѱ˵ֻҪѾ֪㣬ĪӱͲǸ̫ҰĵģҶţȻҪġ
ӸԼ˱ƣЦŵүϢúܣѾʶˣҲǺôġ
ԭЦŵĪһ
ԵϣֻСү治ô
ִֺãԸӵķһ㶼вͨźˡ
ĪӴ۶ȴҲÿκ˵ױ׽ȥ
Щ߶߶ˣ˵ȥӣǵ˱˻ƵģĪӱֻЦҲϽǣߴţû㣬ĶôõĲ£
˵ʲôҪϵģû˭˭ĸ
⻰˵ӱЦЩ˱ƣ˺ںӶǾʵʲôɾŸʵ΢ҪùġţүͶ̵ĻǺүģҪҲ¡
ĪҲ֪ǸûôģӾûͷҼˣллϽ㡣
׻Ҫµģ˳ůůӱ¾ƱǸԻȥԼ顣
ĪӽǼӺ󣬾ȥ鷿Ѹպͷ񱦱Ժι˰̺ͿӼĳͷܡ
ҲˣŤͷĪӣﻹû̽ȥĺ۾Ǿġ
ĪҲڣ룬˿СүҪˣԼǿ첽ȥʵôˣ
ŵС˿ȥżصƺǶүЩոСүѾȥˡ
Сʱ䲻ãͷģǰ˽ⲻʲô¶
ǻʱէůЩССҲ
үֻǴ磬Ѱ˺ȵˮͺˣĪ˵ʲôֻˣжС˾ЩСġ
Īȴһ⡣
ͬźҲãĪ߿кһˣСʱģҲۼʶġ
ʹѾ񵱳紵͵һ뵽˵ĺܡ
оүѾòвʹˣͻȻôһ⡭ɲܳ¶
ĪＱҲﲻʲôæֻܿ첽񱦵᷿Ÿι̺񱦳Ժ˯ãܲҡ
ҶʱþƼһС·첽ǰߵС
С˲һ£Ҫʣȴڸš
ѰӿɲԼһܳȥǸߵġ
Ī๫¶ˣ
Ҷ۾΢ɣҲýģ˲Ϻ˵ҲûնʣܽԺƿԷ˽ȥ
Ȼ˳ȴܸоһЩ͵ġ
ԺﲻҪϸӵ٣޳ڣСĶҪ̿裬յúһž;øů
бſϵȥûκ˲ᷭŵûֱ̧ӵû£ôżʲôɻû˵꣬ŵ˸Ϥζ
Ĺζ⻹ָҶͿϵķͲеζ
˲̧ͷȥȿ壬ͱҶ˸
С˲ν§ץʵĶˣˣˣͷβΣܾͱˣµĺãϢǡҶŤͷŸСصȥѱӱ
һĨΣʵղžǿʱ磬磬㲻ô¶ƫƫӽŵҪȥС
ֻԼӻ˽ģûд£ȲҲȣǲˡ
ûʲôԼӵġ
û˵ͿҶѾűҪϸǣ߶ţ¡־Ҫȥ
ȥû¶ģ𡭡
ǻû˵꣬ҶϵϥǾͲСĶ˵ϡ
;һ飬ǲܿƵ󵹡
˿Ҷһƣ͵ˡ
ɾΧ˵۾￴Ϥġү顣
ǸԼòҪ磬ʶĵﲻ̫ģĲܡ
ʵҶҲûļ
δȻС˲οɲðգнơ
֮ǰղȥʱһǸģƵģʵǰŵˡ
ټҶղŤͷܵļƣǻȶе㷢
̵Ĵ󶫼ңһ˳еӣҪ޿
ԽԽùʱ˵үˣֽŵģбȻ𵱳һСһʮһԵӡ
ŵ
ʱƼһεҶֵԴ㻺ɫ
ɫȻ㲻ȫҲ˴󲡡
Ҷ֣ơ
æȡ߹ȥ˵棬΢΢۾
Ƥſƣ˿ûʲô󰭣Ҳóҩ΢ɾͺá
⻰Ѿ˵ĺܺˣʵϣʲô¶ûУõúܣеĲ֮ǰëԵĶء
ҶҲ˿ֽ֣߬º͵գ㲻ȥˣţúϢеĻ
к˵ҲУקקӣǱӦҲ쵽ʱˣҪҪȥƣ
ʵʱӲã֪ǣԼүո䵭Լһۡ
ǸϽĺá
ǣһţΧҪæҲСش뿪
ղŻӵŵһӾͿֻҶˡ
С˲βû˵ȥһԵĻ¯ůů֣ת첽߹ߵЬֱ΢΢齡
ҪȴԼѾק˱ӵһǣѸٵ˽
ⴲȻǰոȥɹոոϵʱЩ䣬ŵζ޻ɣĴģܾСش˵Ǹĵġ
ԼһЩű߼ʵ飬ʱΪԼĻ˸ȵ壬Ӳȼ䣬Ů˸ոѾȵֱӱסһַֻСһַֻؿڡ
ůЩ̡
ʶĻرסСôˣ
Ҷľѣ⼸죬ôһˡ
ΪԼˣԼֱЩǶҶеỺ࣬æ˾ͻЩ
Ҷҡҡͷȴû˵
˾С£ûʲôСֵģҶո߬˵ʱܸо£Щ顣
ѾòˣҪΪС˲ܺһ𣬲־Ǳһ̲ġ
⼸ȷʵһˣֻϸűȻҪЩܲġ
С˲βɵţԼ๫ոһƾ͵ģֻ±ԼųĻҪ顣
౧С
Ҷ§Լ֣ȻƿЦ
̿裬ֽŴˣǶӿ㲻úã̫ɹţл¯ţûëҲҪë
˻ͶŴСء
ſڵСæܵĴߵү
ݵŴ򿪰ɣû磬µġͻȻ˸ϸϸŵУȥԲ
˵꣬Ҷ˾䣺뽪衣
СӦһСȥС
󽪲
Ҷɵؿů๫Ҽǵ㲻Բġ
СƤҸոĶӽˡ
С˲εΣЦŻ๫Լ
ʱ˽š
ԷţΪţȻ˲࣬Žţ磬Ҹȥ񱦣ᱳټաˣ


137 
ʶİҶر, ź֪ʶǴ, úܡ
ԭ, ЩãȻ, ڶԼҶ䵭ĿǲԾĶһ¡
ʲô, ֪, ȴ֪Լöˡ
ȥֻ뵽Լûš
, ˵ǰ, 첽߳, Ȼڴ򿪵ŰϿ˿ۣ, ɩɩ, ܽ𣿡
ѾӱҶЩĪ֪ΪʲôҪȥĵһ±Ǵһ£Ѹٵͷãŵɡ
СĽȥѾЦӯӯĿԼҶ, ԼñӸȵĪ¿ˮ
Ҳ֪Լʲô˼ܶΣ֪ԼĲʱ
ʱСʳл, ŵʱЩȵĿֱվ, ʳ̵, Ҷ̣Բˣʢ𣿡
Ҷʶķһͷϵȷû߹ȥԲ¾ͺã๫ʢһ룬ҶãҲһ롣
֪ҶǺ⣬ʵҪŤͷܵġ
Ⱦ°ɡ
áϵġټաŵһԣȻСãŽһڿڵࡣ
ҶǻոսʱµĻʵôˣ
˵ͿᱳټˣȫƪᣬɩɩҾûôϻ۵ĺӡ
ǸϲģȻϲСʱǿģܹǸⰮ飬ͬϲҲǸ
ҲʶǺ㿪ʣѧʶ˵񱦸ŷɣλؼԺһȥơ
һ񱦾͸һϲ
ɵЦŵҲʱŻᱳģܱôͨ˳ʵѵá
ҵ⻰Ҷӡ
仰ûͷûβģȥҲʲôϵ֪ԼҶҫ
Ӵ֤ȻԽԽˡ
ҶãȻĿһۣЩס
ʱس˻⣺ĹθϰΣ
˵ıҲ
ֲͬˡ
ԾһżȥˣΪ֮·
ԱԾ֮ǰļֻгȥˣϵԣλ֮ƤӵѰһеĻᡣ
ӲԼţÿοԿòŬˡ
ҲͬȻ֮꣬ûܺĵ
վ֮ǵţ˵Լѧϰĵá
Уй½ģйݶ£Լ㲻**ס
ÿλҪ˵һ˵ҶҲϰˡ
ûдչȥǰߣһ׵İԲ͡
۾˱ϵġټաҶù˷֮ǰΪѧ֣ʶˣûģҶҲΪ˱Լϡ
̫ң˺һӲſҶա
Ҷ׼ͷʼҡʱ򣬾Ǳߵлָ㣬ʱ磬ҾͲŶͶɩϢˡ
ҶԱ̧ͷٹձ㵽Ҫ̵ӣ˵Լ׼Ҫģװӣźһȥǡ
ͷȴԼʲôҪ׼ġ
ȥϿǺͶɩƵİңҪĲǱīֽ⣬мѣҪǰѺͯ˼ϣ´ˡ
ǹĺҶл׼뿪
ͻȻڵ°ɣ
ʶĻص磬һȥúֵģһʮƪ
ԣҲԾǡ
ԼŵĹβ٣ܼԼҲܲס
˵֮ǰܵûʲôǣȴѾģ
㲻ôңҲܱһˡ
ֻ鷨СɣҪĻҪڶϣֵ鷴Էһˡ
ʶд־Ͳˣǵ˿Уȥ˵˵ϲҲܼ䡣
һ֣ȻˣвӦ
ֻ뿪ҶЩֵؿ๫֮ǰô䵽ϡ
û˵΢΢ӣȻַ
С˲æǰߣԼ˳ҲǣӲˬֻҲû취񱦺úġ
ǿס֣ڲˣ˵¡
ôţôãһ·ϵİŴ㣬ЩҪһϼƲźá
Ҷǿ˿ӦϺ˵
ʲô
ģ˵ãҲá
Ҷصں䣬ƫɵصǰء
ǣ˵£ɺ׼˯ʱҶ͸оԼıһ
󣬾и΢ӴչеĸҶЧȷʵǺãڶҶ˯˰ʱ
Ҷľȴ˺ܶ࣬üʱЦӯӯģûаƣ̬
󣬾Ҷضꡣ
ܲף˭ҹԼ˵˵ģʱָöԼ˯ġ
˯һǾһģԼۡ
ҶӲųˮ󵰡
ҶҲۣźһſãԼ
ɲȿڣСص̣֪طˣǰء


138 
Ҷһ, ЩΪʲô֣ϻԼ
, Ȼʯ֣ʱ䲻, Լʯ֮以Ĭ, ôǵĺլ໥Ҳнǡ
ǵĽ, Ľܲɷ֡
֣ھҲѫŮ, ڸʯǵﵱ˸СС֪ӣǾ, ֣ϵȻǷ紵򲻻ѫ, ܽкôġ
ҶΪԼȥ, ֣, ҲǺõġ
ɿҶ, Цŵʯ˵ҪԹģȥҲãʵЩĪҪ˷硣
ҶԣҲͷȥ๫Ҳǣ˲ʱŲʱʱߣ, Īģǵúȡ

ĪǸҶģЧãζʵһѾ
ɻӦ, Ӧ, ¯
ҶС뿪, ͷӼֻʣһ˺󣬱СܽѸոմӸȶϽͲ˹ȥү߹ˡ
ͷӹͲεӣֽ
չϸϸ鿴û˵ʲô־Ҫֽˡ
Ǹ첲û̧Ϳӡ
⺢Ѿ˰꣬ӶһˣЩȻҪ֪Щġ
ǣֽݸӣơ
æӹͷ˿üͷôҪǵĻ
ֽϣдıɳȥ̶ڱ߹ظ˿µ顣
ʵ̶˵ϡƽ
еͷ߻ῴ̶ӻ࣬ҪЩˣǮûʲô
֮ǰ̶ӾҲǰٹǮڵ飬˵ⶼСǮǿѹͷأǮҲˡ
ֻǿۻȴѰǮ򷢵ġ
̶ľǻƷ⣬ģǲӵġ
ۻҪǮ࣬ʵȴǴЩġ
ҪǾôĬĬˣԺ˭ͷϲһš
ҪһʱҲ벻ʲô취ԽüëԽԽ
ҲΪ취֣ӵ¡
⻰һ㶣ȥӡ
۾βס˷ܡ
֮ǰһֱվŵģΪܹϵΣֻǸµӣСˣ˼ҸӵĺһСүʵϲǲԱ°ˡ
ԼҶʱ㲦һҲûиıӵݡ
ͲܵѧȴӲֻ롣
ȥһѾӿˡ
ʹѧô֮ǰһЩֻһСӶǸ˵ġ
Ϳ׼ӰԼǰ
ȷʵе㲦ӵ˼ʵ֮ǰȥǿӣ;ԼֵúˣϾӲǩʹӣûֻǵ軧ĺӣֽܰҪ飬ˡ
ֻԼҲû뵽ӵڶҶ룬ھһܵĿԼ
ɲɵöô
ԣŶһȻɵİŲӶ档
ϵ飬̵Ѱ֮£޷Ǿı󶯣̶ӳǰ͸뵽
ӵͷԵ˵ͷЩǸΣүû뵽
βԺһźáһ˵һ߳˼ӵݹȥ࿴
飬ӵһţҪӦʵڲǶĲϡ
ҲСϴο񱦶飬Ŷȥҷᣬ˼Ҷѧ
һ⻰ӹȻֱ档
Ϊ±СرȥΪΣС
ֲСˣԭǸţϱˣͱСشһֻ࣬õ
̵үģҿ϶úñ
ͷɫȻϵ
ֽûûӵˣȻӽ¯˸ɾ
Ӱúõıڻүεô죿
ƽģǲ̶ۣӶźˣεĻû˸Ҷ
ĵǿңԼרʮʦ
ʮʦǶģңȴڵͼƣ˵ǿԽСΧڵĶ֡
Ϊ˱ʮλ֣ʰλ̶ָӳУֿѺ֮СȻܴãֻ¹شڣҲֻԼıӻ
ٵЩʱͻĸӷˡ
ȻС˹˵ԺǱ˶æȥǶС˵ȥСǰЩȥ
СŸճŽȥǰʱҶ֣Ц졣
ʶʱ䲻ãֻ֣ҶжͬʱҲ֪ʯãҶ׽
ⷬ˼㣬û̫˽ģҶҲ˵˵
ϴƼ;ͶԵƼһԶ׹øÿˡ˵ţ֣ó˸ӵݸҶ
ⲻҶһյ͵˵ģȻգģϲװ׵ĵºöЩﶼӵģǰǣǵõġ
֣ϲͬʹҶ֪ʯ֮ĬҶҲóԺҪϵġ
ͶǼϵǺˡ
ùӣƣһϾЩȣ񣿡
ˣ˱¶ȣӺõġ֣Цŵ
˵ҶǵԼһ飬Ҳһ飬Ǵģ֣͵СȻûôĸͷʤڵ񹤾£һԶʺԼԶ̥
ҶҲƳûЦˣСȥ軨
֣ʶ˶㡣
ϴʵǰŻˣº֣ϰС檹˶ܾĥȴȻⲻĿ־塣
Ļݱ˸ɾȫƽˣһûʣ¡
Ҷ£æֵҩĻӺõģϴμзȴ֪»ж棬ɢòˡ£һĻ͸ҲǺõġ˵ţҶСع׼װϸ֣ϴߡ
֣ȴסҶ֣£Լ˲һʱ벻Ǻ⣬⻨£Ȼúڼ
С˲Ц
ʵ̫֣ϻ᲻ѻߣˣͺܺãȺء
֣ϴŻ뿪ʱһֱû˵
ŵӼôţСˣҪ֣
֣ϵͷ֡
ȴЩģֻǰɴûǲûж
ûҼǽԼԺģȻµġ֣˵ʱغһҪ˹ȥ鿴⻨ǲǶݣվҶ֪ʱҵĹϵ¾ûôˡ
һ㶣ôᡭ
֣۵Ļ꣬ҽõкͻֵ£˵᲻ᡣ
˻һӺ󱳾˺
ʵ֪Ҵҵ֮ǰ֪ݳۼҵ֮Ѹٵ̵ۼҵӣҺܿվȽŸѾǿһ˶
ֻҴӲҡҶԭᵽҲʲôае֣Ѱֻ֪ӻƣȴȥעҵװö೤
Ѿ
֣ȴûʲôµģ෴ﰲ˲١
ߵǴӳǰ͸ŵģ֣Ҳ֮ǰдѾ˻ظĸ磬ȻֿȵҶδ
죬֪˵ʲô
ϾңǵµԶû뵽Ȼ
֣䲻֪ǽʲôôܹûлҲϲƢܵȻǺãҪҶҲҪصȥġ
仰֣ҧ˵ģ۾ЩѰŮûеĺ
๫Ǳϳǵģǿ֣ûбż;
֣֪ԼҪȥģ๫һĻȥ
ҪŮˣһŹ
֮ǰ֣ȻҪúõĵ֪̫̫
ǰ֣ѾЦݣһ߷ӵ³һº͵ȥЩ棬๫ԡ
ǣˡ
ңҶնææµµģûеöٿС
֮ǰΪԼ˲ˣС˲εϾûٺֿ˯ܼһ𣬻Ҫȥһȥ˻
ɰæҲæС˲ˬ״ܶ࣬Ա֮ǰһЩӶ˵үû˯ãкȦˡ
ɿҶʮָ˰ᶫʱһ̾Ҫȵģòò
ҪߣҪеװϣ߶ߵҶ׼æ
ɸһ߹ȥƼСһС׼ŵӺ
ʲô
Сضһ£Ѹ̧ͷվֱӣʵʵĻصضүĻҿԴԼĶ룬ҲûʲôɴͰˡ
ҶҲȥЩ棺СأѻЬӣôװŰ
Сҡҡͷ֪νͣɻû˵и
ร

Ҷ
žžવܹȥСصȣͷָӵСڼ


139 
СԴ, Сڵȴûɿ
ʵ˲̫Ϊʲôܶһֻ󹫼ôģСȻëڲӲӵĵǺÿ, ԵĲûʲôͬ
һĹ˺ޣ͵Թ񱦵̸⣬ÿ춼ڱű˰Լɼ
СԼ֪, СԺһչ˵, һΪ˱ûٵ¡
һδΪ˱һ飬ڶεαǾԼҲ̫ãܻһʱһʱ, ǵ˺СشԽԽ, Żžͳϰˡ
˾СǸûʲôõĹСȴ˳
ϾСֹ, Ҷ, ͵Թ񱦵̸⣬ܻȷʵס
ȥǲ֪Ҫȥã˵, £Ҳܾ, С֪СھǸû¶Ҫҵ¶ĵ, ԼԺץˣ׼ߡ
֮ǰҶԼЩƯܲ, ֻ˸Ӿߡ
С̧ͷ, ҿ, ֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿҶ̣Ҿʹʲô
Ҷûʲôģ˾䣺ʲô
Сصӣݣеġ
ΪǰոΪ˰ӶëͺСڲ֪Լûëֱ˳ȥֽ
û˵ʲôֻžʹšͲȥ
ǸƢļԺһãǲûѧԼҵĵĮǳһ˼ȴҶƵģ
˵СҲҪߣ񱦻˰ƣĺţߺãߺãСڷɷɣ
СҲЦ񱦵ͷȥ˼ӾͱĪһȥˡ
ҶȥһרŶС
һ·϶żỻˮ·ϵĵֻϵҡζܻúӲӦ
˲һ˵ǺӲֻܿޣСܲס۳Ͷ٣ҶȻ˵ҪߣʵȴûϸҪô졣
վС˲ǰڳⷽԲʮߣȥԶ·ȻЩ˼ǲܡ
ȴͬͬԶţǶ·ŵ֪ģԣǲޣȻҪţǸȻҪá
Ϊ˸ȻҪΪŮ½߾ȫǡ
ʶеĿܶϸһ飬ӹѰƽȵĴֻȻССĴ
ҶСľͷվҶļ򣬻ⴲڲͬߵĵײװľͷзã˼ŴҲַʽ˸죬ʱҲƽȣ˺˿Ҳ棬ܶࡣ
͵ϸ£Ϊ֪ԼӶС޸ģ˵˵ҶҲܶġ
ֻ֪ͬԼ˵ЩҶġ
ȻҶ۾ãȻȻȥֺϸϸʺЦŵ๫뵽ôࡣ
ס֣Ỻе飬Ȼġ
Ҷ̧ͷ๫Ҳĵġ
Ȼ֪Լ黰ٴεõҶڲͬķӦϲҲʣôĵģ
Ҷգգ۾ţȻΪӺúùĵġ
ǹĵķʽк֣ܶˮ󵰣Ⱥů¯ЩܺãҪԼòƾһ֡
ǣҶɾ洿ĿڵȻϺúñ
Ľˣܸһ㣬С˲ֱ׳
ĶȴնһĨɫ
ʶ§סҶԼӵڻ⻰ȥˣֻȻǵ˵
ҶȻ֪ʲôֵõ˵ģô˵ҲӦ
ȶʰĲʱҲ͵̵ʱ
ȥݱ˫ףϾϿܲԾžͿһΣȻޱ֣ء
ҲȫףڵߵףöȴһĨᣬһĽԺ
˺Ů˵ǲͬŵǷֱĿʹŵȴԼҺгϢٺò顣
ϸĶϸǮԼҶѾ׬˽ɽɽΪ˸ںԶǰóѹ׶ġ
Ҳ˶ֻȴûǮѣԵԽġ
רŰҶһԣҶ˵ллǰԼҵ顣
ϹֱɻʲôҸ˾ǶˣлҪлܺ͵Ҫˣڲ˵ˡ
׼˼ƥһǴ·ϳԡ
С˲볣˲̫ͬˣѰе̫С
֮ǰҪȥǵʱҶֻ˷ܣǺƵģǸطȥƿ
ڿųϦദԼ˵᲻õʱҶ;ԼıЩᡣ
գգ۾΢
ޣ⼸ҲļΣƫ޵ͻȻԽۡ
Ҳ̲סˣҶֺһҲչȥЩ¡
ȵҶ̽ͷȥں濴ǳٳٲϻȥļˡ
ҡ
Ҷ㶣ʶԼǸˣȻмҵġ
⡭á
ףá
С˲ͻȻŤͷʵʵһ¡
࣬ġ࣡һ
ŪСѸٵͷ֪סˣʵǲ֪Լôôһӡ
ΪͻȻ뿪ס˺üĵطҶѹԼҪοְ§ڻһźһߵµģֲǲھǰٺԺסǰѵӹȥǿԵġ
Ҷ§ССġšһ
˻Ҷ۾ﲻڵʱŴĻ۾ڳɨһȦ
һһС˯ţ۾ЦǺǵĻСȭͷСڡ
СһԿǣʱʱӸ޲ˮϸ
ȴûƼӡ
Ҷקקʵأ
Ȼţ˵Ҫ£ܲߣҾĪȴȥ˵˵ڵĻ˯˵ġ
񱦾ϲģǴһʱ򣬱׼ûͣ
˵Ҷ۾ͿС
֮ǰĽͣҶ֪Ŵжྫ½Чܺã˯ȵÿġ
˵Сʵÿͷװ޶ǹãҶСⴲôôǷһҲܿЩ
û˵ֻܰⱧŽС
⿪ʼûʲôȻЦǺǵؿ
ɵ֮󣬾Ͳˡ
һ̣СŤӣһա
ҲЦˣֻкŬֽŶִŵҪס
ҶȤչȥ۾Ц¡
ܿ죬Ͳ䵽ߡ
ҶҲƣϲ
ȴû˵ʾҶ󿴡
ҶٿڣͿץС첲ԼԴչȥСһţʵʵҧס


140 
⡭ҧˣ
Ҷһ, ҪקʱͿ۾
, 񱦵۾Ҷֻ
΢βܺÿ, ȴûĵȻ, Щ޹
˯ѵСſЩãȻſŸҲ֪ôãӦҲ, ۾һ, ʶԼˡ
ԴⲢûǶ־ưٰ㲻ӣĶ˶, ССһ, ޷֮󣬾ֲˣ۾, ҧЩ֮֮ļơ
ֺǺǵ, ֽཱུŹ, ߿Ǳߣø⿪ġ
һֱֱ, ſ
СƺЩ, , Ū۾ûˣԹԵıŵԼСֺǺǵĿ֡
±۾ûһ˯ˡ
ҶЩãȻĿǸղţʲôأ
˸˿ظϵĿˮҪˣϲҧȳԺͺˡ
Ҷգգ۾ôҧ
Ҷҧ
ҧʲô
ҧ񱦡
Ҷ
񱦻ʱ򣬵һ¾ȥչ޲֣ſͣһҧ°ϣҲ֤˵ʵ
ȥļ죬Ҫ׼ƿģ񱦾ֻʱҪ
˵ʱµĺʱ
ԣǶЪϢʱ䣬ཱུģƢҲãڻһʮܹѹ
񱦵ҶҲûй֣ǹɵĶ˳Ծ˯˲١
ҶóΪŰ񱦱ﵽˣԼֶӹԹԵģ³ôţۡ
˯Ҳǰ취˷ˣŸ鶼ˡ
óнٶȼЩȵõʱͣϢóϵȥһתһתҲЩ
Ȼᵢг̣ǱͲϾȻôô
Ȼ˴ܶˡ
Ҷ˴պ󣬺һһߵԼ̴Сģ˰أȫ⡣
Ҷԣſڴ⿴˿СЩС
һЩƽȣͺӶͷһȻҪҸȵġ˵ʱסҶָ⣬һ¡
ҶŤͷ๫ǰ𣿡˵Լ๫һֱڼﲻŵô
һΣʱһСˣж˵ȲﱧȥңҽǱȫ
⻰û˭˵Ͼ˭ǰϲǰ˰ƿơ
ԵľʵǹѹЩ̯Ǹõļԣڶûǹ
Ҷɵÿס֣ƺڰο
ЦŶҶڲˣӵãһҪͬԺĳþá
С˲εͷ˵öԣȷʵҪúõԼġ
ô
Ҷȥرס
౧Ҳ͵ˡ
һ㶣ͻرס۾ԱһƳ
ᣬСؾͳȥˣعϡ
⣬վŵһеɽˡ
ӿʱϵЦݾգֵκƹ񡣡
κƹ̸ӻ˸񣺡Сү֪ҾҲõô
̴ҵģκƹɳˮ·ġ
ˮ·ⲻʲôҪǮ·һȴҪ½׬ǮĶ࣬ȥͿʼﱸκƹιҵģοȴûм档
񶫼ԼĴκƹˣϸſˡ
Եͷү˵ܺãκƹģǶүͨġ
κƹЦͷС͵͵һۣʵ󲻳ү˵ģ
⻰޷Ǿǰ˵һֶΣ˭Ҳû档
Զ˶ȲκƹæӹӵСүЩĿϵҪһ㱨һ¡
ӱ˲ӣ£洫̧̧֣κƹЦŽš
ȥʱҶվڴ⿴
֮ǰɽլС˲εûڴϴ⴦ˮƽӵ߻ɽƣֻǿһ;泩
ߣκƹ
κƹֻһۣ;λҲ洫˵磬ɫ԰Щ볣졣
̵ģѹû̧ƣֻ˲յ񣬶רĵغˡ
κƹϲӪҲƳˣǸͻˣ˵ˮ©СĽ˵һ仰ҪԼɫ죬˵˾ˡ
ҲûʲôˮıҪһЩԲܻ֮ÿ
Ƿǰ㷽ֱģҩ̻ãҪǷˮ·ϣÿ˼ߡ
˷˲ᣬһ֪κƹĿףû˿̰īǺõġ
ΪβӰ⣬⡣
ֻٲ⣬ͷؼҪڵ㡣
ޱʱʹûǰɲĿüĿʣǷ嵭ĮȻκƹ񱳺һһ亹
ȶԴˣҲ˵òãֻǰ˲£һҪٿȥɣ˵
ǡκƹæǣŴӷ
һţӵСأ
СصϺģүͶ̴һ𣬵ÿοøȡ
ӵĻСذַ£ϻЩκ졣
ӿź棺ףͿʲô֬ÿ
Сؿһۣصû֬
һȥǻͷһкòãϲʲôɫģ۵ģǺģ
⻰Сض࿴ۣỺƺͦģǰ
ЦǺǵĻصСص֮ǰӵǰүѡȥģ͸̣ÿβ𣿡
Сգգ۾ͷءŶһ
Сȴûһ䣺ȥСү͹ﰲõôˡŤͷܡ
ӻں£ȽһÿģŪСԽԽ졣
һվŵκƹЦһοСԶŶӵСүǻ˵
׽Ȼ
ȴãȻĿһۣ˵ʲôˣ
κƹ񣺡
ȫֻԼ顣
ͷˣҶȥԱ߷ι̥ʱӽ˹ȥ˲ݸһ̣úÿ˺ˣٸҡ
Ӧһӹ㡣
Ѱ˵ıû˽̸ģ֮ǰǼй˵ģҲ͵͵ϵ
ȥʱ䲻ãӻȫû취ǼȻҪ⼸û͵ӵȻܾ
ȻЩɬĲŪӲû˵ʲôֻǶ룬Ƶĺţɫƽǰ̯ᡣ
ʱʱķһҳÿľͻǩмкãΪǡ
ֻҪ̧̧ͷܿڿĲʲô˲ᣬƤͲ
ʵƵǴǱһЩרעز°ˡ
һֱרĵϵ˲ᣬ
ûȫ꣬ұߵϨ֪ҶѾιޣں˯ˣǵȻҪ
ǣͰ̯ϣŵһ۾ӵƵˣ
һ죬Դֻ˲֮һһ´š
ûϸʣֻɲ©

ܿѰˮ·ʲô𣿡
ԥһ£ƣûʲôֻǰ˻ȴ֪ôǮ
룬Ӳǣ󻺻µ̵Ӫһ;ͬҪͬﻥ磬ȡ˹̻ǽ˽һҲܻΪ̣ˮ·Ĳ࣬Ҫ׬Ҳа취׬ö˱ֻ
룺˵ǡǳ⣬Ǻ
һ⡣ȴҲӻҪȥġƳһۣⲻܺǻҪʲôȥˮˡ
ͷٺЦʹﲻ̫ףȴǰĻ
ȥˣ˲ûȥúƣλκƹǸµģɾơ
գգ۾ңκƹвŸɣ
Щϸ֦ĩڻǷֻҪ©ãЩϸ֦ĩڣȥҡ
Ӧһκƹģ˰Ҳȷʵ䣬ǸвŸɵġ
ȳţӾͿ첽ԼķȥûȽţƼϵԼκƹ
κƹ񿴼첽߹ЦŹֵСүô˻ûϢأҪҹɡ
ЦͷκƹˣҲôҲϢǡ
лСүǹңҼˣκƹ˶٣ѹһһҪСүæ
ӵ˵ͷ뽲
κƹɽЦ˴ԶһͷǸͣŻͷĺӴŮ
ȿȡԽ˵Խ񻰣æֹסĻͷ
κƹû΢һҲ֪ӴŮ˵Ǻˡ
֮ǰֻ˵ϻ潼ˣȴļû뵽˼κƹ͵ǰˡ
ˣʲô˵үеǰ취ʰˡ
Ǹոջλκƹ£ӿ˲ᣬȻ֪ı£׼һ䣺κƹˡֱԣ̸񣬻źӣôʵǷ
κƹһ£һʱûת
ҲΪˮ·ߣʶĶͷģٲȻǹ̸ĸǿƯŮ˾߲·ģ
ֻһȻϡ
ֵκƹﾭӪףǰȻ࣬ҪǷҪϸҶ̵Ĳʹ죬ֻЩ඼ҪˮƯ񲻿ϧ
κƹᣬæҾҡһ񣺡лСү㣬ˣԺȻġ
᲻Ӳںֻǲκƹȥײǽ
ȻȥԼҶҵǸƢκƹҪˣҲ˸ƹҲòʲôôαء
¶Ҳûڶ͸ԼҶˡ
ԣȻüͷϾɿü壬κƹΪ˴ֲ̫Щлͬ˵
Щ̫ףʵүغʲôΪ˴أ
ǵȻ֪Ҫȴ׼΢һҲ˵
ɷ޺ǳģκƹҲˣʶʱҪţֱͱȻƶӦ
ôһ˵ȥ
һ£һȻСȥκƹ
κƹսսĽȥһʱ󣬶ȳˡ
ӶܣȴǺͺģ¶ȥˡ
ǵ徻˶ϢڴϾƵģķǸõģԺﻹ徻
ֻæҶȴ
ʵ״
С˲ε͹˽̤ʵضԼҪԣڵҶ͵ص˴ϣһջãţʱ˾;ò̹
ͷΣҲԡ
ŵػغ˺˺üֳҶĸԼûлŰЩ
ϲӣ񶼽Ӷร˭Ӷġ
Ҷϴ񱦲һͻ⣬ʹĺãҲûд󰭣ȴ۵ĺܡ
ģ궼ҪҶ˲źãƽʱҲпơ
ֻ֪δ˿ġ
ҲΪҵһŻҶδ˺ܶ࣬ӦԺ鿴
ֻҶȴˣţ֮ǰҵģͷδ˵ᣬҳʱ࿴ƣҲùܼ
ⱾͷҲӡԴҶ뿴ҲֻǶδպûãֻǲҪ࿴˾£ҸҲǿԵġ
ҶЦķ
С˲οɲ˲ξǲ٣ǸĲԴû취˱š
úһǲסҪطöܼ
ҲģһĿûаżӡ
ʱ䳤ˣҶЩ˼๫ǲͼˣ
ȷʵͼµȴҡҡͷôᣬҲҪ࿴УҸһһ߿ܾͼǵÿˡ
á
С˲βݸԼǲϣ۰Ͱ͵
ǶȣĿҶƯĵۣǳɫĨشӡ
ŬԼעϣƽһһֵ
Ҷʼ棬ʱʱ䣬žƤܣǷûþ˯˹ȥ
һʱѾʱ֡
񱦲֪ʱҲ˴ҶԼŸҶ۾ȥҶߣֱҶĲĵס
Ҷ˯ѣԺţʶһڡ
ЦɿҶڴϱȥģﺰţˣ
֪ˣұġһѰŵһԵϣԼ˴ߡ
ոջܺĸ׵Ҷû˸ղŵºģֱۣŲſ
ſ˼ϣҶ˸Ƿְ˲ŵ˯̹ĺܣζ֡
źЦĺ󱳣Ǿ鷳Ͳüˣһкܳʱ˵ġ
ǶвӦҶȴҡҡͷббؿţ̵ĵ˵լ鷱ֵ࣬˸ҪӹܶһЩͶһЩȥҲ÷䣬ܲһֱŲܵġ
֪ԼϽأҲΪĸȨȻš
С˲ε۾ЩԽļ򣬿һԵ齡
ĪԱ߻ţ棬񱦣ŵޡ
ȻǸϲë֣СëҪֽŲòУԼԼˡ
񱦺ⶼΧǸ׵ģΧסȴǺ޲ֵģţڣ滹Ц
ҶȤҲһ
ʱ洫ӵүκƹ˵Σǰߣܿˣ


141 
ȴͣڰߵʱ, ոչʱ֣Ϊǳʱ̫ûô, Ϸůĸо
Ҷ´, úõظһ̤ʵصĸо, µ
ﱧ, ԼָͷŮĥ, ۾ǿҶﵽǴŻҪ߰, ڳסһϣȻٽ, ̫ϣ˴ҲҪϢʱ򡣡
ʵҶͦҪȥ¼ҵ, ˵е, Ӧ
ֻҲͷһ, ټϲҪҶƽֺͻûϢȥǰӺͼҶƽֵ·һ˾ôƵ·š
Ҷո˯һǾʱȻﱧҲס⿴ĺ档
ܲһ, ʱǽ, Ҳֱܿ
Ĳ˵, ɽ, дУľï⾩ȴ˺ܶ࣬ǿɹģǷڣȴЩϸ
ҶȻϲ·޵úܺãƽƽһ㶼о
ʱ͵Ҫ齵Ŀջ
Ѱ·Ǹ׼ģΪЩ˻ǵ׼ȻСջֻд˴ܸƥϡ
˵طӷ˵СɻϷ
С˵Ĵ֪Ǹǰͷ⼸λ´Ѱ£֪ӡ
Ѱ˼ҳſòôྫװĻ
СӭĶˣȻģæЦλүСտʵǲ˼

΢΢һ㶣ȴûϸʣȳһԵǿһۡ
治ƥҿҲģӲɵ΢΢üĿûأ
СҲЩЦλүǸͨģҲ˸ˣƹҲӣ˼ҿڿ˵ʶˣǿǲ𡣡
ʶˣʶ˭
Ұ
һŤͷ˿Ȼͷֿ˵Сĸң
СЩȵĿӣү֪Ǹյ˽ҵҰ˵ھҲģǵǼҵҺƺͽ׾ƶ֪˶١ҹǽѡģ˵׹ʣȻǲҲӵġ
⻰˵꣬Ӿ;ԼƤ
ҵҲ֪ţϾһֱߣϢȥġ
Լ಻壬˶ҵ·ҪϸŽԼҴ̷ϺմףȥȰ˻˲֪ô
񵹺ãԼҶүͶ̵˼ⲻ֪۵ݸͷҵ
˵ģͰǸŲϺŵļҰ綼ûǣѹԼ˶ûۼմء
˵ЦƵ飬ȴЩЦ
첽ߵԣ׼Ҫ⡣
˸С
ʵջססС£󵽣ҹȵģȻǼӴЩĻ˵Щܹ˼סȥˣ˿ջҲûа˺ȥɡ
ȴֲճϹϵ
Ƶʰ˼ûУ˭ȥ˭ùҲͨũֳ̼ȻǲǵĹ⡣
οⲻǺ£ǻ¡
Լϸ漷ԼƤ
ȴû̶˵ʲôȿҶʲôԵ𣿡
Ҷ룬ڳҶһһС֣ģ˻ŵ񡣡
ͷ΢΢ӣӵȥǵСû񡣡
ʱӻ˵ûС
Ҷ˱죬û˵Ҳʧ˶ջȤ
˵ƽ£ڽӦøϵü̫ɽǰס˶٣˽ȥƹ˵ǼûйϵĪҪһ˵źá
Ӧһ˸Сˣ壬
Сܹ˵һ㰺ԴŤͷ˵
ڵڵһͷУա
˵Ǳ֪ϵģǼȻͽУƶԼѡòȻ
ҶüӺۣЦʱǺÿ˫۾ƺܹһ㡣
ϲıԼĺòȻҪԼһǰ̵ģǶɾĲ٣ǼȻܽĻᣬ˭ϡʲôɣ
ݲĺģ
žӣͻȻ˿ŵͷӵĶ
ĺ£΢΢üŤͷȥʱ򣬾ƼŵߵѾߡ
ѾЩңź첽ߵߣˣƹ֪Ǻûйϵղ˵ǸǮ¿ջģҪʮᣬ˵У˽ˡ
һ㶣̶ǻң⣬ô֪ģ
һ·ҵĻڵñˣͻȻ˴ҡ
Ѿߵϳǣƹ˵ģƹƺǸжүġ
ʵ϶壬ȫý˳קˣѰСڶǰСͣǳȥҪϴ˵󻰵ģ°̧ø߸ߣԽԽ¡
Ī˵ģǸղƹľ͸˶üǮȥ˵˵û
Ķȴˡ
׵ǶңǸնԼ˵ĻѣȻһ롣
һ룬һƫԼҲ˵嵽ʲôֻǿѹҧĪҪˣǽȥҿջסǣ˶٣Ժ˹ҲӣʱǶ֪ʲôǹءͷ
Ѿ߱ӹľӴȴҶ˵ֻͷǰȥᷢ١
ĳѾ˳š
˵ǾǣȴҲ¥ҶȻǺǰȥĳһ㣬гǽлǺӣ۴αȵĽֵ̡
ͬǣĺܴ
ҶѾŵСԼڳߵĴͷһ߿һߺܾȵĸ߶๫㿴㿴ǱҡҲзʢիǸӵ𣿻⽣óԡ
һһЦȻҲûǣȴʲôϡ棬Լʾ͸оȤ
Ҳһ˿˿
ľûдǸóߵģҲϲߵġ
Լġ
һ뵽ĪԺ׬ٶĽġ
Ҷ˵ʲôóԣȥЩ࣬һһ㣬ʾͺá
ֻ˺ܾöûеطҶھǵġµʶ
ȵ˺棬Ҷ־ˣרĵŰӳԡ
һԵҲչҧһڣŶ㿪ⲻ⣬ŤŤȥģͰŵСһѱס˱һţ̰ˡ
Ҷǳ๫ĵﰡ
ûֱӻش𣬶Ǿǵĵꡣ
С˲գգۣԹԵĸԣǵĵﰡ
ҶﵭһͿһҵ꣬𣬸һ̫꣬󣬲ͺǵģġ
ĿǿģѡַʱҲ㱨ʹû۵üھһжָơ
˾һҵѾܺˣ˵һиո𲽣δкܳ·Ҫߡ
Ҷǵ˵ͷôãС˲ҲһЩй˵˵
һʱȷʵ̫ˣ̫ĵҲԼ๫ǲ׼Լʧġ
С˲κûмʣǰѰӵݸ
̫ϲ⣬ҶԣҲҧһڡ
·ߵİǺģЩΪԼԲߣҧȴֱĺóԵĶࡣ
ǣ˾ͷųԵһӣһ߳һЦ˵ͣʱһӳꡣ
洫ӵү̣طˡ
Сæ˳ߵţȥȥŵİʷڳԱߡ
³ͬСһַҶ³ĪӺСϳȥ̥
ʱͿҶվһ
СЩ̧֣ͷ
󣬾Ϳǰ¥šҾ̡ҡ
Աߵİ֣ͬҶ
Сסˣ΢΢Ŵ
ү˵Ǵ𣿲˵һû
ǣô󰡡
ҶҲû뵽ԼеСӣ㶵Ŀû˵
ʵһֱʵ˵ȷʵֻһҵ꣬Ǵ𲻼٣ľǮ
ܿԼӳݵĿ⣬ЩҲˡ
һͷ䣬Ƚȥɡ
Ҷͷ֣߬ס֣ʮָۡ
û꣬һֱǽҶƽµүˣҼˡ


142 
ȻûиҶƽǵ־Ϣ, Ҷƽֵ˲ʲôףȥ÷ĶҶḶ̌⾩Ȼϵõġ
ǽ, Ҷƽֺܿ͵õϢ
ɻҲ, ˾һˡ
Ҷƽȥլ, ǲûеլ, ŵҾ, Ȼ˸
Ҷˬֱ, ȻƽʱǸƽƢҲӲӲ, ǿҶͲԾ¶Цݣǰſֱۣ, ˣ
ô, ΪҶƽҶǸĻԼС, ѾӵĸףԱ߻˼๫һͬҲô׽
ǣһѳסҶƽֱֵۣһЩ۾ǿҶЦ, ·Ͽ˳
Ҷ, Ҷƽֵָ˻, к, źͻЦ˳ڴЩ̹ҲǺܿͺˡ
ҲҶƽ뻪ȴ̫˵
ǰҪӲĮȻǴ˸Ҷ׸磬ҲˣֻҪúվžˣǺͽĻ˵ԼͲǶ졣
ҶƽֹȻǶҶһѣӺòãӺòãһ·û֮ģӽſʼһֱʵ߽ǰûͣ
ǻһۣˣ߶߶ʣ˶ۣ˵˵Һͽﻹ˽Ҫ˵ء˵꣬Ҷȥ˺Ժ
Ҷƽ۰Ͱ͵ĿǵıӰһֱˣ
ԱţԼλ˸ոֻ²ǹãҲŻġ
»ܺ֡
Ȼˣ֪׼ʱﱸ£Ҳðæ
֣ҶƽȻǲȱġ
Ϊ÷򣬰æҲ
Ҷƽ¶¶ЦݣҪȵƾٺѡ֮ŻУ࣬ҪԣԺҪѡûиͣ¾ҵȵµʱףϲ
ɵ㡣
»Ƕ˵ĹأĲ˵ģĩ³ʱ򣬷ŰžǵԣѲ֣¹֮磬Ҫֺһӡ
ﻹѡʱأⲻֱӽϳ
Ϊ֮ǰ˵˻ԵֶΣӦöϻʺģڿλ»ѹûѡ°죬㲻ĵġ
˵ǻʼҵļ£ԼѰûʲôûٶ˵ǵ̻լԺ飬лæ
Ҷƽְڰ֣ҾǸ˸طĶٳֵĺá˵ţҶƽ̧ɨһȦ۵ЦݸУɣǸбµģøҲġ
ھӵĵطһ̿ɰֵĹģԴȷʵǴͷˡ
ĴˣҶƽǸȥ͢Чģ٣гʰȻһɳ졣
תһ룬֮ڳֲȣвؼᣬڣҶƽҶӺùѾٺò
óҶƽƺʲôţ׼ȥԼļӡ
⼸ֻڵסһվҪȥլЩӶô򿪣ҲҪţġ
˼š
ղҶž۵ĳǰû棬ʱѾûˡ
ſҶƽʱ¶˸ЦݣҶ硣
ҶƽҲ񣬶Լеһ¡
ȡһŵݹȥӸģǵòҪ˿յ
Щ⣬ΪʲôǺܿ¶Ȼɫ
ּ¶ˣҪС£ԼȻҪȫǡ
ԴԲһլڣһĽӹǷţ֣µĶҶƽ˵˾䣺Ҷúûȫʹżĺ˼ȥԼķˡ
Ҷƽһ£ǶԼܵ뷨Щ˽⣬Ҷƽֵ£ɾϲ롣
ҶƽЩģµλݰɣŵģȻƢãҪ汻Ҳá
ɫƽĵġ
Ϊ˿϶
ɵĺܣİɡ
Ҷƽ֣
ʱںԺѾҶͻȥ˺º󣬻վСųӡ
Ǹϲӵģڻǹʱ򣬻ûԼСĵܵãˣӻŮǣĸҲͿǰ׽
ڿɰԼ˵ޣȻ߲ˡ
ǵױĸȴûѡ
񱦹ɰЦÿʣһҲܺ档
ԾԱߣǸ壬˸ֺ
Ҷ߹ȥһߣֽһֱ׼ȥ񱦱ϣȥ̸ι۾ǿŻЦŵʶˣ־ܴӦġ
ľҶƽ֪޵֣ԾԾԡ
񱦣һġ
⣬⶯ԴȻӦȴ֪ԴȻקŻо
⺢ֻ۾Ǹʶģһţĵ棬㿪˻Ȼ۾˵ҪԶ
ģûЩ㶣һ̾ЦֱȥҪ׽
СŶƣҲˣֻܽŹΧıΧ˾ͷҲײۡ
ǻ᲻СۣЦֱҶӶģȻǸ˱ߵģ顣
ҶǰҲûģƼˣҲǺ棬ʱһԼ͹ľ
񱦹Ǹֻûģ䣬ͽͦСظܵܣ
أ
Ҳ
񱦱
¶˸ЦݣȻָһ䣬ܵö顣
§񱦣˸С˵Ǹļ
̥Ҳ׼ƯСм仹ʯǶ䣬Ԣ⼫á
ҶҲϰλ¶ͽӵɣЦˡ
һСˣҲŶӺҶĪӴȥһԸóԳԸ˯˯ǺͻȥǰȲ衣
˲裬˶ҵ˵£Щúðż飬ȹһɿҽһˣʺ㡣


143 
ҶŲյ, Եк£
⻰ЦŻصԺҪʺˣͬ˵֪Ҫ, Ľ, Ҳĺ, һ֡
ҶԱ˳ƺʺҴһ
񱦾ͺ, ̥С, ˵
˵⻰ʱ, Ҳһ̾
ʵԻ˵׽ǳ, ദȴϻ͡
ϻʺ˻Ƕ׽֮˴´͵£رǶԴʱ, ǶԴԼİһ׽, ֮ҲӲܻʲô
ϻʺĳ¡
ѡѡĵ, һʵ۲û˼ϻʺǸֶεģĳӯҲбסλ
ǻʺȴ裬ʵһĲ
˵ҪҶĺһ£δⲻĽҪմմӸ
Ҷûô, Ҳûд˼, ֻܵͷӦȹЩʱһȥġ
Цŵͷ, ϵĲ㳯ҶǱƣҲ, ڹ﹬ⶼæ׼ԣö˵۾Ҳڶź󹬣æϵ飬ʺűˡ
ź󹬵ģ޷ЩҪŮͽȥĹԱǡ
ֻδǼ˭Ҳ˵塣
뵽ɵҡҡͷ˵ʵۺãҾҲвõģǰȥĶȥĶ߶Ҫα£ǸŶһ˸š
⻰˵ǲµģȴ˭
˱ˣ˵⻰ֻҪסװġ
ҶȴǺĿ˿ţﶼ˵ʵۺãô˵ƺҲԼĿദ
ԼĪʱع¹ˡ
عԼĪʮµͣò˷üĿʣЦʱ˵̼ȴˡ
ŻھҲˣعȻϵãźȸҶͻ밲ȻҶ̸ȥǰš
Ҷ˵ͷСȥĪһչСģźͻЯȥǰ
ȥʱҶûп㿴ع£أ
عȻºͺ͵ģʹĿЦŹֻصȥˣү˵ͬԼԣöүͶ̲õ
˻һҶûʲôӦһ¡
˶ͷؽҪ˵еģҵ̣Ҷƽλ˸ˡ
С֮ǰǶûû̫ӽϿѣ
˵ѣ¾ֻʣһ
˼ȥֻ뵽ǷҶƽ˵Ҫյˡ
ֲÿյԭԼŵģ٣ȷʵǲ˿ġ
۾ɵÿҶƽ֣ƫҶƽҲ˶һ۶˶ԷеľȺȻ
ҶһֱûǱ룬һֱҶƽֺͻҶһطϢʱŸֻλܳˡ
λλ
С˲Ȼʺ˵۾ﶼãȻ
յҶ˵˾䣬Ҷ΢΢ɴ۾
մӻ˵ʵҲвڵĵط͸ܳˡ
˵õĲأ
ΪҶǱŵˣŮ˵ı£ܲɣٿһѧҵԵġ
ҶǵקקʵôԼܳȥȫǸߴ̫ƽ¡
һ֪ԼӻϴԼͬʼ⵽ɱ顣
ǾδʱȻ˳ȥץ̻һͲһˣǸӣΣ֪ܶܡ
ȻǾ̫֮ƽȻǲõĵġ
˱Ҷֵ£ع˸ͣȲñܻˡ
Ҷ˵ģҲЦ⡣
ʱ磬ҶúţԼȥˮȴͽţԼȥӶ˽䡣
һһСǸҩģСǸͷŻ꣬ŵıڴߡ
̧ۿҶ֣ݽš
Եĸ׬ǮʹӣЩȻȥòԼ֡
ֻһûźϰߣһֱչҶ͸Ȥ
Ҷ̥ʱɵϰߣʱҶӱ˴࣬¶Ѿ˵ˡ
ͰȣĦǶˮҲһˡ
Ȼˡ
˼ҶҪԼЬҶãԼ΢΢ȥЬ࣬Ů˵ĽСķŽľ۾Ͽʵ̲̣
ҶܿӦˣЦŵ̡
ȥϴ֣ȻʪĲҶ˲˫֣Ҷߣȴݽһľϸ˸ӣҩĻ
Ҷͷ˿ӣͻȻϥײһĴȣ๫лл㡣
ЦЦû£ϲͺá
Ҷ̧ͷԥһµʵеˡ
ղųԷʱͬ˵;͵˳ԣղŻãˮһݣһɿ죬;öӶ
Ů˵ղô˵أ
ҶģģģղûȻٳҲСף
ɻδ䣬Ϳ˽һֽŵԼġ
ҶֽϤ۾΢ʢի
ţʢիĹ𻨸⡣ȥģҲзʢիҶϲĹ𻨸⣬ֻȴһֱûó͵ԼӺء
ҶչȥϡһڣֵߵߵĲֽԸ㡣
ƵĴϵĸӣţӶЩòװ֮ǰһֱû顣
ǵݽȥʹĪӵү̣Сү͹ˣء
СʱϲеŵģֻһƲͻἱÿޡ
һӣĪӻԸˡ
ޣл˵Ҳͽһ־ܴһ֣ĪӾḻҲղס
ȥҶڡж㡱ֽŵһԣĲɾ˽ŴЬȥȥȥ˸᷿ǰɫ
գɶûеԼӣҶСľ˯ˣûл
ȵ˵ڶ죬뿪̰ȥլԺʱҶ̫ΪʲôҪǵԺӺԼסԺӷֿ
ǣٳЩҪˣЩϤҲǺõġ
ֻϣҲȥӱһһ˯ʱЩ˭Ҳ᲻˭
֪ʱ͹˴¡
ԭŸҸԺҲҸ÷Ӻúý̵һͬɼ棬̸ÿ˵ãԺͷ
Ϊһ֮Լ֣Ȼ©飬ʱֳԼռֻ±Ҫ࣬Լ˵˵ȻͷҪǿ
óƳʣÿλܺԼ˵һ飬ѳʴе޵ġ
֮ǰҪ˵ЩῼǰĽţھÿ춼ܿģţЩԱҲǺ¡
ȥרĵĲٳ־⣬ÿ춼Ҫϼʱ˲ᡣ
ͬæĻҶ
µլԺռزСǴЩȴȲõҡ
ڴｨķӣ񻮶󻮶Ȼأ⴦ھУÿһǹͣһլԺϡġ
⴦һĸԺӣһ԰ҲǺܹõġ
С˲αѻ԰ԼЩҩиֻ֮ûĵ죬ػӲţҪȵȲźá
ʱѺլ˸ȫ˳λ
˵򵥣ҪЩȷʵס
Ĳٳֺúլ񣬽ʱҲѾ·ݡ
ŽͷãҶ˯Ӻ󣬾ĵĴСػС˳Ͻ֡
γûҪţƵڽ
֮һֱæڶûʱھ￴ò׵˿УҶʾСظǸˣ۾ǿƵģƣȴһֱظҶ°Ѷ̶ˡ
ǰȥҶҪЩȥģҶûʲôֻڸתתԴΧʲôʲô֡
ϾԺҪﳤסʲôܸ֪˵ϵúЩ̻ҲвҪҽõģٹҲҪԲ裬ȻڻϵãƸкҲиס
ţҶƼǰͷΧһȺˡ
Χţֻܴӷ϶￴ͷһˣǰվŮӣǸ˼ҵĹ
˭·˶࿴ۣ֣С˲ȴ֣˶ĵطҲȥģ˱ҪŶԶЩ
СȻ棬ȴҲջĿ⣬Ҷ׼߿
ǸԶûȴȺﴫһŮ˵֪֪ҼСǺˣҵ׾죬ʥ϶ص˼ңҪģȻ˵ԲҪո˵õĻ뷴ڲɣ
Ҽҵ׾죿ôϵã
ҶŲһ٣תߣȥơ


144 
ҶԳǽջӡǵǸջû, ԵĲûǵö١
ȻҲ֪λ顣
θߵС˶ȴ֪װ, ֮ǰȥ, Ҷ, һ۾ϳһǵʱڿջ̽ͷ̽ԵСѾߡ
΢һϵܲ³, λŮס˳ֲʵĵ¶ˡ
ʵǲôҷҪĵͼʲôǼȻ, ȻŹᣬǸģԸ£̣ȥһ°ɡ
ܳ, ˲, ˶ϲҲ͵ڵ˶ү, ٺòˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȥ, Լǲûǰա
, ݵĺͺƵ, ˵, ܿʹΧ۵·֪˸ţŤͷСŵҶǰ, ϸϸ˵
һ˼ҵʹ, ˼Һ, ֻ˹¶ĸҪͶȴû̲֮
Ҫ˵¶Ҳʲôʵģھ̼ڶ࣬ٻҲ࣬ǵٵı⣬̼Ʋվǻ¶ġ
Ҫõ䵱ɼǮõģвõ
ȻʮɣиҲǺõġ
ҶЩ⣺ʲôأ
СǴһ䣺㳤˵ܺ˵Ƶġ
æһκһ壬λˣ̴ֿܷܲԺˣͷֻҪϵӣҪΣֻһļۣ̲ߣ
˻һСضü
Ů˼ңûҲǼģıӣ˼˵ֿ˵κֿȴû˵ζġ
ӿˣ˼ҵλô
ûôСֻƵˡ
ҶȴЩʵˣҼף
ǲǶ̬ȣҡͷûйϵָûС
Ҷͷȥͬ˵ʲôʲôνҹܲţǱ˵ҼйϵҲϵ
С˲ûô࿼Ҳ֪ѡǱʲôֻǵĲǽȥˡ
ԼլӽҶҲһ˼ҵǺҪġ
ôڣȱ£һԼճϲ鷳
ҶҲִˣŶȥլЩӳȻҪҲܺð¡
ǣȥ
СͷؿҶȫɵЦŵԽԽˡ
С˲ǻ˸ЦҼץСڣҪΧץõȻˡ
Сأ
ܾﲻԣȴ˵
ҶǿȺǸץľͷΣ˻ƣλɲҼȻͶ·ûǮֻ߲⾩ǣȴҪǮҪӣ⡭Լ°ɡ
ΧҲǲͬ˼˭óǺõģһҲģƫƫҪһǮӣⲻ
ȴʲôһһԵѾǵȻ˵ֿܷǾͷֿʱڣ㵹˵˵˭˭
Ｑ˵壬ֱ˵ϣҲ˵ء
ѾۼֿȻˣʮ㣬ҼҹŪθ㣬Ȼǲռı˵ġ
Ͷ˶˵
Ҳû˿ڣʵ׼ĵףֿĲΪǹ˼ҵŮҲǣֻܱһ䲻ҪƤ
Ҷȴǿ첽˹ȥӽץ˼Ƭ
óģǣǲֻҪΣС˲β£ǼȻԼҾͲʲô
Ȼֳ飬ǣҶԵĻȴ֪ܸƽ鷳
Ͼһ壬ҲԼңС˲θԸΪġ
⼸ҩĻڴﵱϵģʲôϡǲѪĲ٣ҶֵҩǣιҲǾһ
̹Ȼɫ죬٣žҪãǵҩЧɫͻ˺ܶ࣬ǻ
ԼԼ֪һ۾֪ҶģҪлǸǮ˵벻Ҳ˵ֱޡ
ҶϾǾ֣˼Ȼ٣ȴûͨôͬģѰûôд
ˣС˲Ҳ̿
ͷƣ㿴̯ŵľк塣
ľͨӣͻͻģŻЩ·Ųʲôľͷ͸ɫҶգգ۾
ǣ
Ҫ˵Ҷ׺ûǵһμˣȻ֪Ǯ
õģˮɫģӲˡ
ǣҶҲǸζǮֻλϲ֪廹
ԣǸոձˣʶץգŵġ
ҶֱӴȡһö𶧵ݹȥЩ
ͭǮͬͭǮΪֵģȴҪϸɫУͭǮôͨС
Ҷóǽ𶧣ģͭǮ˵ҲҪʮᣡ
֮ǰҪĻҪĶ࣡
̵ͷ˾˵žҪҶͷ
С˲ξԼֲ˿ͷСطҶǶûʲôģ쾭塣˵ţװ˺պãְѽ𶧵ݵϡ
Ѿ˸ոԼЦҶǧлġ
ҶȴԼʩᣬ㶼û
һԵ￴
ոҶʱͶſˣʵҶЩۣü۾£˴Լ˫۾ƯĽ
İòȥ
ƫҶǸǮģ־һ˳ǣЩм飬񵹺ãѧļ˸ģϡˣҲ֪ǲǮ֡
ҶóЦԼС˲ȴЦʲôء
񱾾ֵãʲôЦģ
ʱ򣬶Ѿǵˡ
Ѿ·׼˵ǣҲûƼҶһԣȼȺ
ȶȥ׼ú˵˵ʱߵѾȴϳǸնģ֮ǰڿջʱ
ȷʵռˣڼ۵ﻹǽãǼϸˣˣλĵĴҲȢҵŮ
ʲôʲôǣĺܡ
ֻǣ˵ǳŲǮ㶪ҵļҽ̱ǴɹҪθԿҪݺռˡ
Եϣûʲô츳ռûⷽ棬ȷʵǸ̳
ֻŶҪ֣һ
ⶭǶƽŪҪԼģ֮ǰǿջ飬δ᲻ỹҪԼ
ɲԴУȰѾߣԼ˶壬ն
屾װһӵĻ׼úøԼӳҲڶø棬˭֪һôһ䣬öЩҭסɵûصǡ
ţȻˡ
նһңױף˭ûվ˭ĺôһ𣬶ǧ˰֮ľ˻ûûˣ
ҲԹֻ֪ݲҲûˣ絽˲ʱȴֻܴڿջγɢɢȴˡ
󣬶һµķ֣ԼûôأˣҪŵӹץԼ
Ǹ˲٣Ͳ󣬶ݵĸƵģԲƴù
һӦŤͷܣȴȥԼҶֻ̣һܡ
׼ȥ˵ع¡
£ع£ع£
عԱס˽Ųϵö壬ȴʶϴŵҼͲŻᴩѡ
ûʲôع¾Ϳ˲ԶվŵҶ͡
ǣع̻ס˶壬ӵǺˣǾǣӽ£Ϊ
ô˵ﶨȻԴˣز죬ͨ˻ܰڰڼӣ˭֪Էǲ壿
϶Ƕ¶㲻ʲô˼ңϼұֵ°ˣ˾ʲô
˿°΢̧ߣ˰°ɣ·ôҪ߼֪Ǻ𣿡
˵ǴѡŮӣǶȥźá
˭֪ϣҪͶףŶҵͷƭˣǸŮƭӣ
ƺΪŮƭӵЩ£ܿͷӦ
ңңȥǷֲģû壬Խգȥǡ
˭֪Ӹǰͱعһץס˳ȥ
ع³ĶţЦᣬƫƫһȴӻҪ䣬ֻǵ֣±㽫Ӹж˸첲Ƶһԡ
öסˣһԿŵҶҲһ
ƫع»Цţվ֮ʱֺոյ׺ݣһ͡
Ỻǫ͵ģλҲ˼ҵĹΪҪƭоǿǿǰںʵá
˭ˣ
ﻹûӦعµȥλȥһ˰ɣ˵Ҿĳȥģ븮˾ϣΪǡ


145 
ʵھ, оҲ, ǹңЩٻС۸ƽҲǱȱȽǡ
ոΧղ˵, ϴŴǸǮˣ˵йϵ, ˭˲֪ռ˰ֵҾ, ˭ǣ
λع²˶Ȼ˵ƭӣƭӡ
һԲϾͼٵĵǲ, ô, Щĵġ
ҶڰŪϵ壬ûиȥٹע, ҲعµĻ
ǿʱ, ҶͷСᣬڳһɫǰЩİڰ֣˰ô, ѻ, Ƕ̸պϻ֪ʲô۶أߡ
ﻹûʲôʱ, ѾмŤ˵Ÿ첲ϰϵĺ, קߵѾ߳ŸŶȥ
ع΢ЦŶŶ˵, Ȼļ, СŸЩӺ档
Χ˸ոջˮйͨھóһ·Ŀ뿪۾Щ
ǵȱ˼ףԼˣ
ǰڹʱǰŲϺţѹû˶ʲôģոƼҶҲ֪˭ţǸģεĸ˱ɵӣ
ǣֻ˵˾ڼ٣
ԣЩҪҪԼȥ˹٣ɻô빬
֪ˣҪۻȥҶ˵룬ع˵壬ȥţԲܣ
ӶǴϼҴģǩΪ䡣
ǲعµĻҶͷȻհᡣ
˵Ǿһʹ˾קԶˣһᶼ
ѾϵҲ˵أ֪˭ȥˡ
̵һѾˣҲżȥӣǹڵϣԶԶضҶ˸ͷ߽Ⱥ뿪ˡ
ֵȺҲɢ۾ȴ޵ĳҶ
˵ǱߵլԺ£ȴûļˣȻ⣬ҲǼλ̵ˡ
ոյûʲô˼ǵãǶԱҶԵôƵĺܡ
мԵĸۡСҲ̽ͷԭίŤͷȥԻԼӣҶֻ֪Ϊ֮С£ȴѾȻ
С˲βûЩǺع˵˼仰عתȥ鷿
ڿ˲ûйѯ淢飬عˣֻǺ˵𾩳е⡣
ھҲһ̣ȴļ
¢˾йľˮԵ춨λټҵ˽ңԵ¼ҲѹعԽˮ
ع¹ӵϵκƹͬûôԲֶΣȴºͣƺʩһѭ򽥽ӴüãҲɾ
׻䣿
ع΢ЦǷǷȻǰģضүĻͨһ
˵ͷ࿴ۣʵո֪ߵǺˣ
عһ㶣Ȼҡҡͷ
Ǽ빬ѡˣÿݸŮӶеǼģ͢ԵŶȨѺ߹ʡ
˻һع¾΢΢üͷͷҲ˺
죬ƺ˵ʲôȴʲôû˵
Ѿոմӵת֪˸ţ̧ۿʵûİȥţöţļҹǵ𣬱ల£ǲ𡭡û˵ֻع¡
عҲû˵ȴ΢΢üۡ
ǲȷʵö¡
ǰţͲһˡ
㷴Ӧ֪Լ벻˹ȻǸϺƣġ
ɵִһع£ʵǲףιôһȴСϸݡ
ع¼Լ뷨˸УЦݣҸ鷳Ըֻܷνܸø⡣
˿û̿ڡ
ôǺܺðģһʼûҹﵱ¶ǺãʡʳҲʡ鷳
ոĥع¡
˻䣬˼ᶨǺüԦġ
ι£żðҲһΪ֪ιǸģȰһȰͻκƹͻģֱ˵ݻ¡
ƫбȴ־ģԺǴ鷳
ڿع´ĺܣҲܿɫ㻺£а취㣬΢٣ع£°ǼõģԵ飬Ҫһĺá
ع˿˲Ĩӹĸͣү˵ǣҼǵˡ
ֵ˵Ӧȥʲô
ضүȥ˰Ѷлֻǡعһ£үʲôԸϣɷǮһָԷء
ղŻڴع˼ɵ̧ۿ
࣬ȴû˿еֻǮ
ôһιµݡ
գֻȥ̿⣬ԵȼԺ˵Ͱڰ뿪
ַ˷˲ᣬŵһԣתд˷ȥι£ȥ˺Ժ
ûԺӣ񱦵Ц
Сһһģ񱦳ñͬ˸ЩȻģȴЦʱ򣬸࣬ܺñϡ
ʱͿվϣЦǺǵë
ѵţõϲߣСһȴǸŬȥץ죬üĸԼʹ
һԵﶢſһֱ
Ǿûע⵽ʱͻȻȥһѱס񱦵Сȣ
һ£첲ȻԲĹĵԼ˫ֱסë˹ȥ˶ڻ۾Ŀ񱦣ĹԶԱŵҶ
ʱľ㶵վ⿩ЦҶģ
һվŵСغĪЦһţС޾ǿԴȪ
ûпǰҲ֪Цʲôֻǵű֮ǰֳЩ
ձḛ̈ͷ¶˸Цݣ񱦸߸ߣ
ҶĻĺ󱳣۾ԼҴӣŵԼ񱦵ԴԵĺӴԵøߡ

񱦻£Դ󣡡
⻰һǣϸ񱦵ͷȷʵǱһ㺢ӴһȦֻΪ׵һֱĺӴ
ÿĸڿӵʱֻܿŵġ
ҶŵϣĪӶ࿴Щݡ
ҶһľӵݸҸģơ
ʵ֪Ҷһһȴװ֪򿪺ӵʱǿˮͷõʯ¶ЦݣƷϼѣĺá
ҶҲ¶ЦݣԱߣùϹŵǿ񣬺һͷ˵һԶһһɺã
ͷЦҶס
ʵļ۸㲻ùȴҲˣһֻ˵йоࡣ
ǧһЦ˱ʲôá
ңԼȱľǽ
ŵʱŵһ㡣
ޣȴԺӣȻƮɢԴɵÿҶʵ»ң
Ҷգգ۾ʶϹŵĽһŵûСԭеĻѾι֮ˡ
ƣͿϰŵľС
ӿʣľңľϡ裬Ųʲôľͷ
ϸսˣŵζǴľﴫġ
ϸϸĿ˿ǳľС
ҶľͷϣЩĴչľζľͷ𡣡
ţЩζģûнĳľ㲻ͬľϡ裬ʵһ㣬ûʲôϡģƫƫζ
˵ӣҶʣ๫֪ʲô𣿡
ص˵ӣȴֻҪвҪġ
ʲô˼
˵˱
ҶŷӦ˵ұ
һͲµǸ˵ˣæ̽ͷҶǣﲻƣġ
δ䣬ӷתһ¡
Ϳľм
㳯ź濴ȥͿΪո̲䣬Ѻӵײˤˣľеһơ
ڣȴûжľУǵмв㡣
ƽʱˮõĵȥһ
ǣ
ԭϡ軹ˤѵĳľ׵ؾͱ
ԽŨζƮȻ
еףһīĶҶɵʵ๫ʲô
ûж֣ǶſһСһϵ˵࣬˻ǳ㣬ɫīɫʹСġ۱Ȼƽ𡣡


146 
ǿйϵ, Ҳϳǳ㣬ƷʺûȴǼ򵥵һ֪ġ
ȥ˼, ĻҪЩ
Ƕ, Ʒʼ, мУ
ӽҶǽ, Ӧܣ˵ףȻǺöȻҲ˷ѡ
Ҷգգ۾Ҳᣬ˵Ǽ۱Ȼƽ𣿡
ȻǼ۱Ȼƽ, ôƺе˷ѡ
ǲⶫֵǮ㵭Ц, ϲҲһġ
ֻ֪С˲ζӾ˺ܾá
գǶұɡ
Ѿҹͷ, û̫졣
񱦺̥Ѿ˯ˣڸ᷿˯ģֻз޶ˡ
Ҫʱúõһιĵ˲ᣬҶĻ̰˲ӵһ, ££, ߵ˴, һֳŴܣ΢΢ҶҪʲô飿
ɻأÿ鶼иԵǰǱȻöˣУµǼţȻЩЩȴҲǲԵġ
ֻҪͷȻвӦ
ҶŽţˮλƵģԣҧ´ƺ˺ܴŰͷѧģС

оԼЩ룬ʣҪѧ㣿
Ҷ˵ͷȻѵþҪúãÿؼĶͣƽ޹ʵˡ
Ҷǰδ˵ģȴС˲һֱļ֡
ʵǧʱܻõĸ򲢲࣬С˲ҲǸϲ˼ģһ
ǺϧеһУ㲻Ը©ġ
ֻشȻĲֻͬûҶԼʧŲ˰ϣȻְҶãʵҪϸϸѧҿԸλŮ
Ҷ룬۾ȴ๫вУ
ʵᣬϾɵĹȥûʲôҪϵʱ
ϳҩζīԵ϶ٻȻá
Լʵˣܲ˵УҿԺһѧ
Ҷ¶ЦͷࣺҸһ𣬲Ů๫ҡܣѧʲôġ
û뵽ԼԼ˸ɣЦӯӯʲôܽˡ
ֻӦ˸£Ҫеôǡ
ǵȥùһʱ˳һ
ⱾҶЩ£ǿͷѾĸǩ
ЩǩҶҩĻѹƽɹģȻԽȥôãǴǶ洦ġ
˴˴ʣҶ๫ʲô
ǰ˴ȥȻҶߵⱾ䣬дƷ֣еȼķƣͷһѧⱾơ
Ҷùû鷭
һ̣Ѹٵĺˣͷ๫鶼ͼûء
ְڻʵ㲻ϲ
Ҷ̽ͷȥϲһ𿴡
ЦЦѾϰҶ̹ϵģøɰ
˾ʹһҳҳò˵ȷʵƷɫϸǹʻһ㣬ÿϸڶյĺܺãƫƫЩ޴ȴûݻǾڵЩʵС
Ҷؿ˿ǩǼţһ߿һ߸п๫ã㿴ıϸˡ๫
Ӧģϵһǡ
˵Ц⣺òҪԲ֪
Ҷܾ̽ĵͷҲȴڴչȥʱѵˡ
⻰ǵ˻𣬰˶˽ȥ
鵽ʱС˲ε۾ѾˮŤͷűӵһԵᣬдϵѵõĶ˺죬ץס˵ļ򣬵๫̫ˡ
ȴصǰһ£ͳЩЦ⣺˵˺úѧȻҪЩſ塣
ŪҶֻ˵죬ﻹܵأ
Ū飬һ˼£Ҷģģţ֪ΪʲôҪѴŪôˡ
֮ǰͺ˯ɿ죬ڷŸҲ
ģ˼鶼ܿ塣
ȵ**ЪҶﴭʱߵԺѧѧ
㣬ʻû˵壬С˲Ҳʡ
Ҷҧһڣܿͳ˯ȥ
ѧϣȷʵǱҶȿЩҶҲżҵ˲Ȥվ˻ϲʱʲôȤ
ӳԣֵǮô򵥡
˶֪ӻмв㣬ǹ⿴ӱ֪ϸǸ˼ҡ
ȻھǻȴûбϣҲֱʵ۱Ĺٻﳼ
˼ѣǸЩģæܽԵ
ϴǽףѩ̿ѣһѣⲻǸ
ǣعЩλ̸̣һݡ
ع֮ǰ֪Լ㻵飬˲ȻǸԼﶫѰҡ
Ƚ򸾵ĽţС
˵־ҪʼԵĸҪģٽῼԽɡ
ҸñĶˣѧĶѧˣҲ
Լֳʾ棬ҲرĶ
һֱῼʼ죬ģ򸾣ǳʡ
űʽߵܣҶͷ˾䣺ܻ᲻У
ļԣвж˵ǿ󲻵ã΢٣ǲУֻҲڹλˡ
ʷǿλЩԵµֻ²׵ͷʱԼܺԵҲͶˡ
ûµǻᱻġ
ǺҶһǺ棬ԶԶĿ˿
ؿǣϷ޽
ԿʼҪǰþӳֻǱƾٸӹ淶ϸֻҪʼҪܳž죬ȫҪ濿Լ
ⲻǿѧʶҲƴ־
ÿ볡ӵ׾춼ģʱϲ翵۵ǸⶦʢҶӵϵţȥĵ˰ݡ
֮ѡ񾩳ǸĵۣϵǣýӵЧá
ƬУһȻپǡ


147 
εˮ, ڽµʱвǿĵġ
ͣȥﶬˮᣬսضũ˼˵Ƕõ顣
ھ, ƮƮĴҲӦ, Сģɡʱ˭Щʫ˴󷢵, еʫҲžٰĺü, ֡
Ƕڿ˵ȴ¡
ԵصڹԺԵĺǽŵģ潨ǽ, һͨ͸, ڼ࿼Ѳ, Ҳɡ
ÿ, õĸ, һӺľʹˡ
, иߵͲͬļשУһľܳ, һܳɴԹϢ
˵Ѱӿ˵Ǽªˡ
ֻܵ꣬ܵ, ΢е㺮ܶˡ
Ķϡ, οѾ˻ῼ, ĶǸظľү, Ǽƶģ˾˹ҲܵõǮȻοٿҵʵǲԿࡣ
ͷһῼɽԭ޷Ӧ˾ǶˣҪȻ˯㣬Ȼûĵ˼
һ꣬ѩϼ˪ˮоɪɪĴͣ˭﷢ָ䡣
Ҳһ
СͲΪǮҶǼõģŴ˳죬ʳסз棬ȻǽʳҲ
㱻ŵ˸ּªĺȻ᲻Ӧ
֮ǰʸӣ߹Ҫ׼ٽʱǱһġ
װź޷һ硣
Ȼڽŵʱд⼸õˣ΢£һ£Ǽѡ
ԭ˯ʱ޷綼ڱӵ£Ҳ˯ЩԺЩµ;
Ϲһһ絲Լרĵģһû
ŪЩţ˶˼ȫֵѵ㲦ȻԼͺͶλһɸˡ
Ǹģ˵д֣ʶѡ
ôϼ죬ֻ¾ҪŽųȥ
߶˿ҲԼܡ
ȻƽޣдòǾӣΪ磬ȴʵʵڵĹš
ȻȻһףǰѾܿǵǵˡ
ˮԼܴ˺ѥ̫Ѱ
Ƿ׼ȴȻЩǣ鷿ԾľͶƮˮ
ع¿ԼҶ񣬱ûпڣСİѴһƿӷŵϡ
ûתˣ
عæعЦȻ󣬶ضүĻһ׾ƣǰĲͬεľƶԵͣζʴΪʺСá
˵꣬عЩվһԡ
ζͣζȴã˵Ҫ
׾Ʊ;Һƣڸζ۸ҲѰľƸϲ٣ֻǵ׻ͨľˮ̳װš
ƫλ˸ɵģרճģɫģɡ
ȻŮӵġ
ɲָ߸ϵˣ෴һֱڽ̤ʵصѰԼܸǮһ㡣
ѾٷȻֽȸУжŮ˺޲öѽɽɽܰġ
Ƶ˶Ѿˣ۾źլŮӿȥ
ԼҽҲڳ׺󳣳ҶլϵһŻҪϽլķҪǹϷֵġ
ˣʱĲʫȻϣϯ棬ҺȻǲȱٵһ
Ůȴ´ⷽ滹кܴ
ɫƿޱǵһ
վ££ϵ£˹ϸϸϰŵĴƿ
ƿѰƿ԰ǣиӣǸѡ
ŵ뵾㡣
飬ʽͼҲרŻģǳƷȻ벻ͬ
ɵ̧ͷ˿عµвͬɫδڷ
ع̾˿үѰ˾մǶղүҪģС˰²Ըܷ
һۣЦЦǮ
ԭعȴһ˱үģȥң½ҲҪҸõ
ȴûҪΪ˰֣£žͺãҾҸ֮ڻһʱ䣬ʱ˵۲Ǯ¡
عӦһվһԡ
ʾ£˵˸޹ص飺ӣÿڶˡ
عµͷǣѾ죬ոǵڶ
ͷû˵
ֹ˻ŵڵ¼ǷҲɾڣ
ع¶ԾеָƣԱү˵ǣ¼ҲλԵľӡ
ͷָȴϵ˵㡣
°Ҫʶһֻһϡ
¼ңȴǴˡ
¼ҼҲǾֵģֵΪ٣ҲЩ·ģլһ檣ల£ǶһӣԵĶҲ̫̫ƽ
ԭ̫ҶӴ㸴˼ңǼȻס˸ڣ̧ͷͷҪϵ
ţͨүСҪʲôҪ⣬Ҳ׼
عһ⻰үȥĥĥȻöүʧ
һۣ㲻ʧҾͲǮʧ
ع£
ع뿪ӽʵɴӵۻˣ
صˣҸȥҹ̣ѾƽյҲá
ʲôԵģ
˵ů
æ緹һԣȻ˿УҹȥһգҲů
ɲ˵꣬ͿһҶѾ
ԭҶ·ϼ˸ׯӲ׼ʲôʱʱѣҲС˲ˣ˸ͷ͹ơ
һž⻰ҶЦŵðһԡ
Сԣȥ׼ҲվŰۣС˳ȥ
ȴûǣһ˼Ҷ߹ȥƺҪҶƫƫ˵ָǱģ쵽һջֻʣ·䲻䣿
Ҷȴһ߬ס֣ŵţЦŶǲģ·ҳȥƸׯⶼûͷʱһȥ๫𣿡
ɶһ٣ͷ
ֻҪ**󣬵ڶҶȻŻѾϰˣö֮οĺܣֻÿζҪЩζֵűӺȥȷʵǸս
ҶȥһţյȲ裬׼ů
ҶǸĿģϸ¶̫ȥٳֺլҲǾЩɴȥıӹ񣿡
ЦŵģĴȥС갭ģտĻѧʶԵ龡
˵¶Ҷʵ๫֮ǰͬ˵ȵ֮ȥƻʺ
¶΢΢ü
֮ǰҶûкԼҶƽҲû©ڷ磬ԴȫȻ֪˵ɵһӦǲҶȥ
ǻʹ濴Ÿûʣȴա
ԼҽҪǱ鷳մ˿ô죿
ǻʱ֪ǷȥɵģҲ˵ϺԼҵĽ飬˵ϹΪʺ֮빬٣ҪǾ˾ֻˡ
£ʱȥͺá
Ҷһ£һȥ𣿡
ɲ׼ֻỺ£ڹſڵ㶼ã˵Ҫѣʱһȥ
ҶӦĸЩ
δﰲȻףϵһ¯㣬ĳ㣬ǿ԰̴㣬Ϊ˽Լӣֵģ޵ĵҶŸⰲȻûþ˯˹ȥ
˯нѵģůζ
Ҷֱӣ۾Բ
Ѿͭĸðܣ๾ģͼ㣬ͭģǰԵĲͬ
ǰԵģϽȥƯһ㣬ζҲԴ
ȴֻ嵭ͷ˴жνƬƲʲôԵϣʡ
ҶҲǶˣȥۣأǳԵɾˡ
ζ˶ӵĶ
Ǳͭ࣬߶Ҳࡣ
ƫҶò˼ַԼСϣĵ๫
ڵȳԡ
үعˡӵ⴫
Ҷվһȥ۰Ͱ͵Ŀͭȥɣ¡
ȴ֣Ƕ˾ȳԣõҡ
С˲ȴִҡҡͷһ𡣡
֣Ҳ˵ʲôֻȥȡõӣ»鷿
ǰ鷿ԱŵĲģһأƲĶ
عЩӼԼҶҷ޵ģҲ֪Լôǣ˵ȹң³ͻȻˡСͻ
û˵ֻʵ˵ɣ¡
عǸģ塣
Ǵ»ˣҪǼëƤ鷳
ع²Ǹ֪˵ģæǰһһ첼ŵŵϣҲʣһߴһߵүơ˵ţ첼򿪣¶ͷһɹޡ
մҲһżÿڶҪյļãõҤҲеĹؼֶѰɵġ
ɹһ֪ʲôҤģЩֲڣϸԵùڲִЩ
ɫǳ
ɫʣĺˮþˡ
ʵģ
ع²ӣȴɴࣺϴζүѰṆ̀ոϢˣӾҵգֻƵĵ̺Ҥռȥˣջڡ
һ֪á
ȻǼҵ䣬ԵɣɫȷʵǼõģŹȴס
ȥϸϸܰͰһѣǲܣжִҶҪˡ
·ǿеġ
عᣬӦһ
˵ʱҶ۰Ͱ͵ĿͭԽԽ졣
ȻҪһԵģڳԷʱܵвѾС˲εһȤ
ǶĶӵĹоͶ㲻
ҪԵʱǲˣ΢һӷá
ǹӣΧģȻɵġ
СؿԼҶ̵˼æ̣Ѿȥˡ
Ҷ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ۾ˮģȥơ
СӦСĳţûо鷿ˣСȥСˡ
Ҷҿ˿۾ͻȻͶһɫʰ쵵Ĵϡ
ɫʰ쵣עĿ
ҶùָŸӴ̵һԣչȥš
ǾƣûζЩ
ǰС˲δӲƣֻԹһΣ;ζܲˣ˲ξǣȵĺܣȿھƱյûţˣȻǲġ
ǴΣҲûȹˡ
ƿӺÿĶ㣬滹֡
ס
ǾƵ֣ԼҾƱûʲôûɵġ
С˲򣬾ЩʴȻҲȴ㣬
Ӧˣֱһڡ
ȥ˾ò˿˿ģС˲ξЦֺһڡ
СĺܣھͺûˣҶЩϧİѹ¡
ҪȥСػûһվ;ͷЩΡ
ȣҶо΢΢̣ҲȺģոջľҺͻȻڶ﷢ȺģգֻůůԴΡ
ûкС˲ֻԼǲˣǰֻһ£ץסſ
ʱСûԼҶһãȻĿſ»
Ҳ˲϶ŶˣԱһ̣СȹӴܹȥһѱסҶ
ССֱӷסҶ٣̣ôˣ
Ҷ˿ȴ˵촽Ц
С˲αƯüĿγܳԶ°ͻǼģƴСԶƯġ
Ҷκ죬ǼҲǺģ۾һˮ˫۾ҹǳСؿ˶Ծĺ
Ҳ̫ÿ˵
Ҷվ˵ȴģСأôܻأˣεúܡ
С⻰ŵҶĵˮζ֪ԼҶˡ
䲻֪ǴľƣСǰǳԾƣ˵ոȾģԼҶδ¶ǾҲ
СӣҶַЩ̣ȶˣҷȥϢòã
Ҷգգۣȶ࣬ȶʲô
ԴԺĴʶҲܲˣץſߣֻĶ˵ҲϢҪ๫
СֲҶ˵ʱʵ̫޷ܾСرӦţȥţײ˹̵Ȱͭ˳ȥȥ
߶ţСر˿ŵү̡Ҫϲ裿
СرϾǱӺúý̹ģ֪˵ˣײãعȥ£㻻˸ʷ
عֻǶ붫ˣߣһЦȴǡ
뿪Ž˲ңһȥͱ˸
æ§ס˻ˣûʲôԼڶ𣺡๫ҶˣһΣС
Ů˵ĵֹĲϣ˵ˣǰꡣ
Щ£ּˣҪԼӵôˡ
һ̣ͿҶôа׵ԼͷϵӣίĿȦˣȻʣ๫ô죬Һ񳤲ˡ


148 
˻һСؾ͵ͷ, ǰԴ, ĿĶΪ˱ȥߵЦ
, ǸҶʱõģŸԵӶ˺ü, ˵ǵκģӦǼʶ, ί, ʵǰûġ
ƫƫ仰ǰԲǾƺ, ԽԵϲ
ֻСغӿɲЦֻǿţ˸ͷܳţȴԶſڣҪǽǽȥҲü
ûĶǽرŻĽ, , ȴ˵
ҶϵľʵˣŨ, ֻǵģ, ˵ʱŹЩء
ϵκ, ۾ˮ, ΢΢ıǼ⣬װ׵ĸˡ
˭ҶõľѾûʱ׷ˣֻͷҶŻŬԼôԣûݣµġ
Ҷԣգգ۾ȴ֣ʹס˵Ƶģġ๫ƭˡ
ЩΣҲûҶǷְҶС
ôӦƵˣʵûо顣
ˣǻֱѾűӹȥֱӴѵÿ죬ԼӣƽʱŻŻȻ᲻õġ
ѾҪ󣬵ҲҪúúġ
§Ҷȥãĺ󱳣ʲôأҽ˰ѹӶ˻ǳԷòã
ҶͷҡҡͷҰѲݰε
º͵֣ͷŵΰûиַŵһԣεˣûˡ
ҶȥֹȻûЦ
ЦЦС˲ξͲЦˣרעؿ๫㲻𣿡
ڶ̽ͷӴƣʾͭ˻ԱͷҶʵʲô
С˲οͷɻ󣺡
šһ
Ҷֱӣңǣǧ꣬ġ
ôͻȻ־Σ΢΢һΣæסúãˡ
Ҷ΢촽ʣģ
ġ
ƺҶЩЦԹԵظߡ
ͭһ²ˣȻ̳մϵϷŵҶƫƫС˲ֶöͶɱĵļ촽Ժ¶Ȳι
ôһԣһιʱ侲á
ȳԵһʱҶˣҲţֱĿͻȻ
ٿޣûн뿴Լӯڽʱʲôģ
ͻȻԼﶼ˵չȥҪ׵ᡣ
Ҷȴֵļ򣬸˾룬ſ๫᲻᲻Ҫң
ˣΪʲôҪ
С˵ͻᱻлǳʿץߣɡҩԵ
⻰һ֪Լӵľƻûء
ȴ֪ʵҶһֱĿ
ˣѪˡ
㣬ҶԼѾ֤ˡ
ܹ˳ĽۣҲСݲ˾Ǹͨӣ˲ΰϵûС
ŬԼѧԽԽ˵С˲ΣЩģģĻɺ;š
ǰС˲ξסڴɽһѣǧƾ棬ⶼĨӡǡʹ˷֣С˲˼Դƣʲôܷ˶ò
Ҫһ죬๫֪ˣͻ᲻Ҫҵġ
ȻǽžƾʳڣҲҶĵǣҲΪˣԭĵֻһɣھʮɣŪ¡
ˮʵ̫죬̫࣬һʱҲЩҡ
ƽֵɴҶ쿪ʼͰһ˩ϣԶ룬ΪϲϲΪı
Ҷǵֱޣ̵ҲᣬǷޣݹصģһһȻֿ
ҶȴǱ˵
ԣҶ˵ĻƺϷԣ˵İҲǲ̫ĵĺġ
Ҷ֣£˵ÿֶģ˻Ҷ⡣ؼֻҪһҲҪ
Ҷ۾ԼܿǰˣŴŴʵģ
ס֣ô໵ۣһŲذᣬỺȻġ
о仰û˵
ڶǵãץԼ֣˵ģ
УȻ˫۾Ưǡ
ܻΪҶҲ˵ϣʲôҪȫ
ˣȻҪ塣
ֻ仰ڲ˵ΪҶţ˵Ļȥģ仰ҪԼҽѵʱ˵
Ҷǽı˵๫á
Ǵʯ˵أҲЦ
С˲ԵøɣȲҲ֣ԹԵĳ극ȻѾԼɵϡ
ҶֽɿҲɵߣҶĺ󱳣Ǻ庢һĵ˯ɣ㡣
Ҷ۾׼˯
ǾʱͻȻ˵˫𣿡
ҶԺ۾ʵҡͷᡣ
ǰ§ýЩţȻСô˫޶᣿
Ȼÿ¶ԼȷʵǱƵۡ
ȵҶ˯ţץǰѣᣬ޺
Ǵչȥף۾Ҳ硣
Ҷʱˮ಻ͷѾбҳһƬɫϼ⡣
ҶҪ۾ȴ۽Щۡ
һ̣־ͱסղ̫ʹˣˣҸոͿҩȱϾͺá
Ҷķ֣۾
˵ֳͷӿԵʱʵ㻹ǵøո˵ʲô𣿡
ҶգգۣŬһ£Ȼҡͷǵˡ
ţȻԼӻǲʺϺȾƣʲôǲסˡ
Ҳû׼ᣬֻЦŵ£Ҳûʲô¡
ҶЦ̽ȥԼ۾ǲ俴ӡ
ѾˣԭͭûˣҲûˡ
ҶʶӣţǳԹ𣿡
ͷԹˡ
С˲¶˿ϧɫ϶ܺóԡǵԼôԵˡ
״ǣչȥǣůܳԣȻϻ𣬵ȹһء
ȾˡҶҲµõԼǺƽȡʧ䡱ˣװ˷һòˡ
ȻӦ
ȻҶԺɰúܣǺ᲻á
˻Ҷ۾Ŵˮ֪ʲôʱͣ
ʵţ
ҶҡҡͷŵͣˣҲԲ裬ɵĿƾҲ˳Щ
һЦɡûСغӰæԼɡҶ뿪鷿ỺЩСЩͷĻ԰Ҳʰȥ
Ҷ۾һҩĻ𣿡
ЦŵͷȻ
ĬĬ죬ʵ԰Ƕǹ滮õľ£ǺܺÿģԼҶү͸ƽˣ㲻
ΪһЦүҲǺƴġ
Сǿʵʲôأ
Ц룬ȻҪţʲôö
СԣҡͷɱҶĪ趼ЦˣֻӣĪǴһ𡣡
˵⻰ʱϴЩģԼ׽
û˵Ϳβ̾˿
ˣɡ
ⳡ磬ǳ̫ñűӳȥɹҶ׼д


149 
ձǻῼ, ؼ, ҲܵһС
Ҷ׼ʱһԲ, ֻôдﲢûͷ
ǰ, Բģд֮ҶմӸæ
ҪԼ, ûʶˡ
ϴ裬СϴЦǺǵĶĪӸԼѵ֡
һߣһ۾ת
ԼעȥˣСһﶼû˼飬͸ſ
Ҷ̧ͷȥʱ򣬱ƼԼ̥һСԴ, ģ˵ĺܡ
ϵıʣ߹ȥڴߣְޱ
ձסЦ, ĻرסҶĸ첲, Ҫ
һ֮֮ģ, ҶôŪ۾ֱĿ, һ߿һЦ, Ҳ֪Цʲô
С˲Ȥ, £һ£ǸһڣĪֵ⡣
ҵĺӣְֺÿ
ֻһֱ㣬һֱǰգͱСҶüڣͶ󣬽ıⲻ֡
񱦿ߵʱˡ
ûѣôֱܹſҶȱߣǵв˲䣬ɲ˵ͱץ
ոտ˲һƽԼֶӣ²ŵΪʲôѣ
Ҷǰ߻ԣҲӲֻҪƽ˵ԴҿڣֻͰ͵Ķ
ƫƫ񱦵˫۾ĺҶһģһδζݲʰҲһ
һԣȻӹĪӵݹС·һ߸һߵ´μǵúúôѣǴˣǸ磬·Ҫܵÿȥ˹ġ
ʵ̫ʲô˹ģʶƺͦصģ񱦾͵˵Դ쳣֪ˡ˵ţ첲ȥѡ
һԵĪӿֺЦ
ղŻǸСƵģ֣ǹˡ
·񱦸ձŵϣѸٵСܵҶһѱסԼףǰգ񱦡
Ҷæˤʣôˣ
񱦵Ŵ۾Ҳ񱦡˵ţרŲָָԼཱུС
ҶȻܾչȥһ£Ц
һԣȣ˹ȥ
ΪҲҪԼֺǺǵĵţȴǶҶҲһ£
С˲κܹɵϡһڣҲա
񱦵۾ȥק
ЩĿͷ񱦿һĵס
˵Цãˣ
񱦼Ц͵ˣŲӵ׵㣬ǰ񱦷һڣ͵ԣ
ҶһԼʲôʱѸ񱦵ķˡ
ƺһΣȴּǲˡ
û𣬾Ϳ˶⣬һѱס񱦵ݸĪӣȥ˯ɡ
Ť£Ҫ˯
ؼң˯Ͳȥв˵һһͲˣԹԵĪӱߡ
Ƚ˵ƤСһԸ̥ͼ򵥶ˡ
ȻҲҶţҲͬ׽˭Ŷõġ˵˳Ծ˯žͲţ˯ˡ
ǣͷڴСؿţҶȥǰĥԼ
Щǿ԰дģ˾ǣ¶ҪŹ
һ˵ıʼǶأģ²ãдģô˶Ҫӽ飬Լӵġ
ͬдҲǲɵġ
һԺԼլ˭˾ͻ಻˵ˡ
լ֮±͸ӣο߹հƵľǣɲԼ鷳
ǣû˵ʲôֻǽ飺ʹɡ
˻һҶ۾
˵ڵͷ񱦵ϯһЩľҲҪġ
д¶Ȼٺò
ֻ֮ǰϽ̹Ҷ£ǲҪô
Աõģլӵܵĺܺãǩ˲ˣ˵ǲͬܲú˱ˣʡ˽±ȽϰʹǶ鶼ϣȵǮʱͳһˡ
Ҷ룬ЦӦ
¶˵أҶҲɿ
ʱ˯ˣСر㱧ȥԱߵ᷿Сĺš
ֻʣʱҶ๫Ҽˣ֮ǰ񱦵ĵԡ
ô¶ԼҶȷʵǹĿԺõĹˣСҲǵ
ֻ˿Ҳɲ١
Ҷ״ɵʵ๫뵽ʲôˣ
Ҳһѷɢһţһ͵Թķ֪á
⵹С˲κͭģʵʲôʱô֪
ӱסֱǿŮϸ֫˫ߣͷľϣ᣺Ҿ͸㡣
ڵ͵ʲôҶڵڶʱ׵ġ
£һĨأһԲļһ£õ󣬿ǶȴһƬͨ졣
ѵЩҶ֪ûסҶֵĪҪϸۡȻͰŮ˵ַŵԼϡ
ģȥҲѵûš
Ҷأһȥҧһ£ţԺˣԡ
ЦЦӦһ
Ҷ´յʵȻôܣ
ˣԻص׼Ҳ˷ׯԼҲҵܳȥ緹úϴϴ˯ϢϢǡ
Ҷգգ۾ׯ๫㲻ֻһ𡣡
赭дĻصġ
С˲Цĵ๫
⻰۾һ׼ʵ˻ȥְԼӱ˻
˴ϴϣѾʼžžžˡ
ǹԺŵӣҪȵӽʱܿţһҪȥţȻſڽ˵ô࣬ȥ˾Ҫŵȥˡ
񱦾飬˹ϵСһͼ¶һҶźһ仰ǣҲҪȥ壡


150 
Сһܽʱ, Сؽںͷ
Ѿ񱦱ǰúܶ, ܵر죬СֻǻŶó
ʹŵʱ, СҪѾˡ
ѾŽȥ, Сֻܶ£סཱུӲҴ, ССڣүͶҪ飬ȵǺòã
ཱུ̧СС, ࣺҪ
ⲻ񱦱, ׿ڸ߹Сһġ
ڵ񱦻ʲôǿƾٿ, ĽǡҪҪŬ񱦵־ǵ࣬ܵץŵԼ, ҪԿƾپͺҪ
, , 齲£ȥƾ, ȻĬһΰ顣
е鶼ԷŵһԣҪľȥ壡
񱦻רų˳ϵС·רŴ, ȥ塣
Сؿ˿Ϻͮͮ, һʱҲ֪˵ʲô, ҵŴˡ
ҶüĶŹƣһ۾Ϳ۾ԼԼֶӡ
죬ûֻʵô磬ôԼˣСأԷ𣿡
Сؿڣ񱦾̻ش𣺡ԡȻ̽ͷҪ濴
ʾСܰɿ߻صױǰһҶüһš
յܹȥסСȣʲôʱߣ
û̻Ӧϸĵ軭óԶɽü
˵ȥҲҶԺͷһš
ԺǷͼĲͬǲ͹˵۾ǲš
ھסĶеԼı£ֻ̼ǹټңܹûѰˡ
ǾϰˣſҲҪ͵͵Ȼĥ⣬ԼһϷ
ԼҽͷһǰȻ˵۾ڰҪҶʲôı䣬ԼҪԼܻԼӡ
⻭üҲһ
Ȼˣŷ죬Ų֣Ȼͷ񱦶緹ߡ
ƵıסĲӣȥ󣺡񱦣񱦹Թԣȥ
˵ûش
Ҷԭڶž䣬û˶ͻͷȥͿԼ๫Ȼûбȴ۾Цǿ񱦵˼ȴŶ
С˲ҲƣǸȥСذ˴һ޳緹Ҷȥι̥Ա̥Ҷȥ滻ѡ
Ů˳ŶЩģҶҲһĥ䣬ŮӵѲģҪɫҪѡͷΣҪʵĻױݣһ˶ǲɵġ
ҶùҹڰԼƯϺÿͨŮһִš
⣬λƵģϣ԰Ǻ˯ţȻҶźóš
һֱǹԵģУŸë򣬲ƾԼ˯š
ȴףڵŤŤȥģģЩɻ󣬶񱦵÷°ɡ
⣺Ϊʲô
СһĻش𣺡ѵûˡ

ȷʵЩϱǰʵܶ࣬Ҳû⡣
ôֱ׵˵ЩΡ
ȰѾ˯˵ͻڵ£ſʵô֪ģ
һߴյ§סһ߶ΪҵʱҲѵûšǱ飬ֱƺٸ˵Ϊ飬Ϊˡ

˯ˣûŤͷͱס񱦣ЦǺǵץ񱦵ָͷػơ
ҲģıֱСֽرסⲻˤ
οȻԼֶƽʱˣʲôᣬֻҪڵܵǰͺиӡ
⵽׻Сûþˣſ˯˹ȥ
ĪӾǰСޣȥԱߵ᷿˯
ǳʱ䱧񱦣̵Լãɿδȥ˶ӣҪע⣬ҪܣȻᱻ˶ϵġ
ҧָͷ̫ףˣ
Ҳ֪ôͣ˵̫ŵôĺʼˣԺͲýˣҲܲ˵ͷһ˱žȻǲɵġ
ֻģһ£Ҫ˿ʲôʲô˵ǵѻҪߣǾǻˡ
ȻСǼǺܺõģظһ飬ʣô죿᲻͵
ԣοԼҶӵԴп񱦵ͷȷʵǱȱ˼ҵĺӴһȦǵͺ˹Сץˣ˾ˡ
񱦵˵ͷϸļ
ʱҶ˳
ѡһɫգͨխ°ɢϴһ񣬶ʱҶûѷ𣬳ɵô˷β߶ʱ鷢Ծס˺
֮ǰҶϵǼҳׯģõĶϺõĲϡ
ǰɲѺûʲôͬվϲˣ»һۣڴʾУĲûʲôо
һ̣ͻȻΪʲôŮӶںÿλô׷󣬶⾩ĳׯΪʲôһѱȽӻ
ͷϺУ΢}Ҷ޴ѹwȳ
ɾôһ˲ʧûпڣһ³׺ÿȻ;ҪҶ
С˲Ц߹ȥһѱס񱦣§ڻ˺ü¡
ǶСƨһȴûбֳɫĵȥ׳ߡ
ڳʱǴյҶߣ´ζɣȥ
ҶӦһЦü䡣
ҵȥԺʱѾļڵˡ
û̫ǰգ˸ͣãҶ³߶ɿһӣ˶˾ͺҶһصϣûͬ˭кҲûйҡ
ֻȻв˵۾Ǳƣ¼ʯϾ֮һ
ʯ򸾻֮ӣû˵һԵСˣҪҪȥͬ˴к
ӵ˼ʯף¼Һڶӣ̧ͷͷټʯϵ׸ʯҽãȥкҲӦ
ʯȴûж
ʯͬʯһıʴϻȴԸߣٳ룬Ҳڱǡ
ʯǸ̵ģһСĲ
֪ҺԼھӣʯҲδжʯ͸¶ֺǲȥˣǶӶȻҪӵģʱ˵١ȻϸŹȥ׽˼Ҿڽƣദ
һ⻰ϾЩ߷߲ƽÿԺǸС˽ߣϵġ
ʯû˵ֻǡ
¼һ檣ʯҵˣҲӣ¶Ǹ˶ӵĹϰѳ֣ʯϻ£ҪӳĳϣԵʱʲôˡ
ȴԼһƽϣõģɾȻǸŮ֮಻ģЩϲͿ޵ҪǴȥҶûܳ裬ЩϵġȻĶӻԣΪʲôҪͷء
룬ҲͲ˵ˡ
ȴûʯ۾䵭
¼Ҽ֮û˸飬˵˵Ƿޣȴİˡ
ʯϸղţҶʹֻ߶һʱ򣬿Ȼǻమصġ
ĽĽľˡ
ֲԼλ˼߸ϵɩɩ֣ϻ׽ҶÿŶҪϺü䣬ʯֻǿһۣů
ղŶǿ˲٣Ҳв˼ʵۺ죬ʯƽͣԼѹûֲָԼòþ˶õķҶʯϷ˲⡣
ϵ˿ʯϱ۾ٲԡ
Ҷֻ֪ˣϣһ𻨸͡
ϵһ˿ʡĹ𻨸ȹһֻǻסҶϸ֫۴Ц⿴Ҷ
ǰǾԲ뵽Լܿ˳ԶԵģԼҽʲô޲۾ҶϣŰԼӷڻﴧʱŲźá
ҶǴ˼Լ㽫ԵһĹ𻨸ݹȥ๫ԣ
ǲˣȻҶˣҲܾҶ־Ͱѹ𻨸˽ȥ
񱦿ȣȴûп
С޺ܶʲôʱܸʲôʱӦðǴСĺӣⷽǼġ
ֻǴʱ˾;ˣҪãôͣţһȴҪһüʱСЩѰ
קҶ䣬ʵףȥ
ҶҪ˵óߣүع˴˻
ԱҶڳҴȥߡ
Ҷ˵ͷһڵ壬㿴˳
񱦷ŵϣһ߾УԶ֮ǰ˵Ļǵ𣿡
һֱͦ壺ǵá
ŵͷʾһԵӶָһ񱦹ԹԵСϽŽӹ˵
ҿ˿ûڣүع˵֮ǰǸմѾҵˣǾڳһҿջţҪϼҵģǵĶԼҲ̽ˣѹ¼ҡ
΢΢üƽĸ¼ң
ǵھӡ˵ţӻԶ˿Ǳ߾¼ҵ
ԣü΢塣
֮ǰǲҪ¼ʲôģլĶǰҲһ飬ûϸϸ̽ҵ飬ల¾ͰˣûнҲ
¼ұԼĻҪЩ
룬ȥع£취ʱס£סǣԵǻһ˵
Ӧһߴȥˡ
¿񱦡
Сֶ˵ҪʵǲϲڳֻҪͷҲûܣ͹ԹԵŽ꣬ģҲרע
ûаæҲûǰվڲԶ۾Χ˿
ѡͣĵطܺãܿΧȴһĵط˵ױټ񱳾Ѱ˼Ҳ̫ǰգΧҲտ
빱ԺŻвһʱѾвˣҲڵվŵȵģȴٻʺġ
Ͼе˼ڹԺͷкѵʱ仹һ£ԼҶ˳ء
ſţͷ˿졣
ԭԶԶվţڿ󣬱ӳ
΢΢۾ܿϳǵݡ
ʣҶƽ֡
˿ܵ͵Ϥ˴ۿȥȻϲģʸǴֽȣǰģȫȻͬ
ȻΧ˶࣬΢΢ͷʱҲû˻һ֮ʱܵԺͷ
Ҳûиվţӭ˹ȥ
óʺҶƽ˳ߵǰټʣ¶˾飬ȻҪ񣺡񡭡
ˣޱװҲô񡣡Ȼܸܿϵľȣֹ̧̧סĶ۾ȴǳŹԺĴſ
Ȼ֪Ϊ˿ģпԼɵɵȴǵüĿĻʿӣ˾塣
仰ʵʵڵץס˳ʵ
ȻԼ͵͵˵ģȻ֪Լڹ˽ĵģôһ˵ȴʮֹ󣬳Цǰɶδ͢ĶȻҪЩġ
ҶƽһţЩԺ
Լ÷ƨ
Ų̫÷ҹµ˱Ȼ飬ʵ˵ģ÷ֱ̫Ҷƽʮꡣ
˵˵Ӧԣ˵ģ̶ӵһһ˵壬ʶԼͷһǮҲעҲ档
ҶƽȻ岻ϻȴҲúõ
ĳ׬˶ǮȽڻʵӣԼ÷жٻرӵӸùҶƽҲİ
ʵעȴûϣʱͱһС˹ȥ
ʶ߹ȥǰվͷ
ԳʶԣûǿŮԵ֣һвͬʲǸÿ̻ȨˣҲϣġ
һϲӵġ
񱦳ϲһ˭ŶҪ׽
ôһվͰǰⶼסˡ
ȴһ٣΢΢üüë˲ǰͷȥʱ˫۾һƬ峺Сȥ޺
ղ˵ʱһֱŪžûҲû
ͻȻһİվԼǰŲŲȷӻߣĿڣ˭ѽ
һ仰óġ
Ѱ޶Ǳʹ̹Żǰؾأ˵ʱȽŷóʾԼǸɷҹƵģҲ̫⿴ˡ
ͻȻƼһԼģȤЦŵѣ˭
񱦺۾ȴ˵
ʵҲ⣬񱦵֪ӦҶĵһӣӴߣҶʱ򣬳ʻ˵δҪֵġ
ʱʾԼҪ׳ʿһȥˣϾʱûʲô֧֣Եֵܿͣﰧݡ
ȡ֣ҲǸԼһϣ˵δһЩΡ
֮ȴȻ˼ƣûǵһС
ڿ񱦣ȻȿԵĺӻ˲׽
ǳЦŵ£֪񱦣ղƼˣұȥòã󣬳Ͱ񱦱˻
񱦻ûüͱ˸
ԶҶƽ˵Ƽˣȴû⣬ԼҶӺͳ׽Щ
һԵǿԼʶټСʾǰЩҲûж˵ʲô
ȴͻȻ˳ʵļһ¡
һ°ѳƵĪӽʵȵػס񱦣ĺʡСһȥ
ǳȴ֪ŵ
ȻСǼһ᲻ģټ֮ǰ񱦸ӡ̡
СһԴμ֮ǰԼ˵Ļ
ˣ˵ʶ񱦵ģԼֵģҪԼߵģ
ھҪԼߣ
һ
ǣǱ߹ԺʱСֶʹ˾һ߳Ÿ첲óԼԶһһ߳ŲӺף˹С


151 
һɤӰѳʺ, ûӦʲô, ֻƾűܱС񱦲ȥ
񱦵û̫ĹעΪʱøϹԺţͷľ߳һŶƣ˵ĲǸĸ˶ضţѰԼˣȻע⵽ߵ
ĹעģֻԼˡ
Բ˵ǵְǺúñСү, ˵ʲôȻҪȥæ, СҲԥһ, ѡȥҪ񱦡ȡ
ǱǸһ, ǳҶ
ԭС˲˯, ԼֶһɤӾ͸ˡ
ûʱ˼, Ҷƿ˳ţֱ˳ûһѰԼ
ҶһãȻʱ, Ҳһ¡
ͷ˿ſԼίСֶգҶ˻Σ, ղźʲôأ
񱦽§ҶĲ, , ſſĻش𣺡ǵ˵ģл˰񱦹ܡ
ʵ۾񱦣ȷԼղû
˵Լǻˡ
Ķˣ
ҶԼʱĻȻʱ棬ƲǻԶӵĶġ
ʲôҶǰλôҲǻġ
ҶҲ֪ô񱦽ֻͣܵ񱦵ģǡĸĸ硣
һֱͦ˺󱳣ԲԲ۾Ҷĸǽɫľĸô
ҶһЦ
Ȼû¶С𶧵ѾμסˣС˲βƣֻЦŻӦԣǸĸ
񱦵۾
ڻǺкøеģΪҶĹϵãҲΪԸʣöҵʱϲ㺢棬񱦼ö࣬Ȼǵ
ȻǾĸĸ磬ҲֺǺǵŤͷЦü䣬ǸϲȫոյĽ䱸;֡
죬ȴ֪ʲôֿҶ
ֻƺҶҲЩ壬˵ôҲûЩӵϵ
߸żӣһҲҪо˵ġ
ˣҶڣĺһ˾˺á
ЩӣҲЩͻȻһ²ʶԼŻݲܰѻݡ
ֱֲֻ˵ԼǻʵۣʵҲǺöûĹϵˡ
񱦼ûӦԼղŵ˼ˣЩ˼
СһСڼమͲһĵſſ˵ĵã񱦺СͶôܰο˵ͬʱԼҲˡ
ǣֱŤȥԳʵ˾˱
һ仰ͽ˳ʵġ
ʵ۱¼ڻûʱ򣬾ͱ񱦺ˡ
ҶƽֻʱѾץųʵѣ˾˳˾˶̵ĺˡ
ԼҶ˸ʵ۵˾ˣȫû뵽ȻЩʱʣסҶôˣ
ҶָʾԼ£񱦺ġҶ۾ͿҶƽ֣ü䣬硣
ȻҶƽѰԴ˶һӲľͷ壬ÿÿҶüۣҲůߣỺ䲻䣿ûůöഩ㡣
ҶҡͷġܿͿ๫䲻䣿磬Щɣз硣
߬Ҷ֣üֻҶеͣص䣬İɡ
ҶƽСοҲ˼
οǵķ޺֣˼뻪ˡ
ʱֻи˼߳˹Ժţ
˼ԭǲһ鷽ʯŽ̽ͷģƼʯͷҪȥԽŽԽأӲſ˵ֱŤͷӭ˹ȥ
ȴûзҵѡĵط̫ƫȻƣˡ
žǸһĺվᱻ࿼ĹԱţ׼Ȼǳ˯㣬ϸ࣬ǣֻܿźصѵֵ⣬ⶼԼ˺üƵġ
˶˵ƾ֮;࣬ʵ֮ǰû̫ġ
ԼҶӺЩ˺󶼼;Щ⣬ϾܵģԼСԪһ·ԣ϶Ҳԡ
ǾĿాǵĻǶ硣
Ҳ˵ԺҪԺεռ⼸ĥͲԼҶǵܿסġ
׬Ǯӡʷͷĸ̶̫к³˳˳Ķǳ˻ǻʼάģԼҶȻпҰǻʼҵ̿ô죿
һʱ䣬ѾԺ˵ͻȻĪθС
ԼҪŬҪú٣ܻסȫҲܱ磡
Ҷжɩɩӣˡ
뵽ͻȻ뵽֮ǰ˵뿴ϱ飬ɵһ죬ĥţҪǿǲǾòһãҲι𻨸ԡ
ţ˺Լһɣ
ŤͷͿ˶Լ¶һЦݵɡ
ԭǲʶ¼ɵģסýټ׽Щһȥʶˣ˵ɴǷֿɱھ¼ҵĴӣֵ곤һ
ǺģɣЦŹֵ֡
ɳ㣬ֻһ˫ЩѵЦʱ飺ôɣ㿼Σ
˵ҡҡͷá
˵ĿУǡǡΪ򣬲ס
ǰý»ŽµòͷҲᱻˢ
־䶼֮ģǺ˿θڣһɳ죬ҪǺϲϣǻᱻӰӶ
ﵣǣϾʹ˼ɥ̾һһ֮ˣȫ
ˣɵеһ
Ұ֮СԪͷͱ˴ˣûٿȴﲻޡ
ԭ˶˵ĺѧʶѣôСӾͰѹȥˣȻԸ
ûãȻˣҲģĪҪż˴ͷٵԼġȻдòȴҲȷ϶УҲҪ̫黳źá
û⻰ͷֻ̧ͷϵĵǾףԸֿԽˡ
ЦЦ㼪ԡ
ʱ˼ѾСŵǰֽӹŵװűѵİãүүͶ̣ͣǱߣȣ㡣
̧ͷϸ˿ȻƼԼ
ɻûڣɾȵʵɣôһڳݲͯµ¶𣿡
˻һͿһۡ
ʵɵƢԣǸװģģܰʵ˵ֻΪƢãƶһ䡣
ȴ֪Ƣò٣ʶҲ٣Ƣȴеִֺͻ̡
û˵ʲô¿˼ĸ첲ã֪ˣ˼ȥɣûƼǣϽȥҶúܡ
˸ѣΪľǺԼСͯˡ
ȻոΪǾ仰ԵЩɪ˼̰ͷקסүĪĪңɢˣңҴȥ
ǻòĶ˵˾䣺ǡ뿪
û߶ԶɵС˵ӣ˵Ǳߵء
ɴЩᷳǸңѹһͷͰˣʱҵķͷظ
Ų΢٣ͷҲûأɫ˼Լ߿ˡ
ҶƼʱɵĶͷѾ˺
С˲һ£Ҳ˲ʲôԵˣǰȥסָźۼĻסʵôˣˣ
ҡҡͷЦص£ͷԵĲãۣġ
ҶҲûʲôʹȷʵ˵ǰǶˣ˵ͷ˿
С˲θһƿϾͶ˸Сֶա
ձʱڻϡֱӱҶǴߵǰüͷ΢ĿģܶɣȥҸҽݺúƲǡ
æסĪţĶôιҩӻҳԵ㶫
伲ҽҪá˭֪ʸţֱקסɷģҶͻȥġ
Ķвĵأڳߣﶼ˷ġ
ԼĿ⣬һĻصǾ鷳ݡˣֻ»ҪͷӣҵܵЩԲźá
ʵ˵ͷ˵꣬ץ뿪
ҶƽæȥûüҶúõ
С˲Ǳߵߣʵ𣿡
İɡ
๫֮ǰ˵Ҫȥׯǰ׼ˣ
Ǿȥԣܾˣ߰ɡ
ҶƽͻصҵѾʰһ£ѶµģȴŵģȥʱҲֱһ̱ûͷƵġ
Ҷԭڳңһȥٺźȴסˡ
ɶҶô죬ҪһЩɡ
˻һҶûʲôоͬ˵˲ٸж
ȻƽʱԼҶǱŷĥԼĵ˹ؼʱֵ̣֮Ϊеġ
ʮ顶ǡҲˡ
˻һΣһĿܸܵղһʱΣɩҪ⡣
Ҷû˵ǿ
һιһ͵ŵ񱦣񱦳ˣſ޷ΪôŻ
˵һʵ
类ʴߺ󣬾ȥ˸֪˭ҵĸۡһ׺ӵսսĺ˵һҽȻҩȣʶţֻűӹȥˡ
ҩر࣬ҳԷûζˡһ˵һҪ̱۾һɨֱӲҶ
ҶЩԺްΪҪҩ
ҲһãȻ
ǰקȥҽУȻûмҽЩרŸԹҽʶġ
޲˵ǣӵİнϾȥȻ˵ʵֻǶǣһЩǿȴûʲôرЧõҩȥȲܹǰԼժˡ
ԼҲǺһӲҩȻҲô˼죬ؼԺоܵԼ߶
ǸƵĺӣºһӿҩҲڸʿѣ־ǹ̫أŽЩ
˿û˵
ҶӸ񱦲˲죬˳СһЦſȻˣȥ˯Ϣ֮ǰ˵㿼˸дżĹȥġ
ͷ۾ŰЩӣҲõúϢúö顣
˭֪ȴ磬л˵
һ߸ҶһߵĻص˵
ԥһ£Ҫ⼸ܸתһת
˻һҶȵĿ
Թʿụ̃λòûй̫仯
˵λֱһ֮ȥ̰æʵδš
Ҳգգ۾ʵ岻ˣôࣿ
Цű񱦣ϵ˵ߣ۾ǿ磬ǾڲܳԿ࣬岻ȲֵģһԶ۵Ժӻ֪ҪأܹҪҵġ
ԵʱȻҪһȻϻġ
ڣȴбĴ㡣
ϸϸһ͵ͷҲãȻҲֻܾǲȥģһعھߣҪȥҸһׯӣҲȥסϼ졣
˻һļ˶
ֻ񱦿ϵңǸӦʹ죬ҶǾ˸ׯӡ
С˲ξñԼ๫ŸǸᷨġ
һׯһׯӣ๫˫ִž۱ˡ
뿪ŶҶׯǰ֮ǰϼʱɽׯ԰õģݺܴ󣬵Ǿ͹ȥס
ҶЦӦһ۾ȴǶơ
û˵ֻſֱۡ
С˲αϣ˵գ๫ĺܺá
ЦЦﱧЩ
´˻Ҷʵ๫ղΪʲôô׵ľʹӦܣ֮ǰ㻹˵ġ
Щܶ˵ǶҶȴ֪޲ԣҲûֱ˵صҲûҲû¶Ǿͻʱ䣬ʶһҲáǻԹˣԾʹ⿴ı£Ҳһʱһ
Ҷͷʲô£
ɫܲܺúĵ
˵ԣǻʵԳ⣬Լ࿼ʱԼҪ֪ǻʵۣܲܺúдҪԼˡ
Ȼϵĺ£֪ǸģҲһҹµĺΰΪҲܳΪվᣬ٣˼ûпȥô
ֻЩȻģȴʱʱ̼̿ǹš
ҶٴǵʱԼӽңһоеȥˡ
˼գҶ˳ȥƷ衣
ȵӣҶճ緹Сرẉ̂¼ҷѾǰˡ


152 
¼, Ҷ˽ⲻҲûаǷǷǸ, £ֻ˵¼Ҹӣù׽ȴҲû˵ҪԶĻ
ףһжΪӺ, ҶϲĲϲġ
ʹŴ¼Ҳÿɷ, ȴûҶȥѡ
Ҷʱ͸¼ӣӵʱС˻˵Ļ, ¼飬ȴû뵽¼ҷܵһ
˷Լͷϵ, žһ, ŤͷСأÿ𣿡
Сضһ죬Ѹٵͷÿ̿ɺÿˡ
ⲢСصΥķУ⼸ϲϴԼˣַ, ѳ, ҶֲǸĵģϲĶ, Ȼǲȱġ
ר˸ͨЩӰѡ, ҶֻҪ, ԵĶź
Ѱĸ, ǹڹѵǰԴ鱦Ҳһ
꣬רҶֺã΢ʰһ±ÿ
ʱ⣬ֻ㽿εС˲ΣͳŶĸˡ
ֻǶҶ˵ǻƯѣÿΣԵĵûʲôо
ֶžЦЦСȥǰ
ȵ˲Ƽ¼ҷˣҲš
Ҷڿ¼ҷ˵ʱһ¡
ʵС˲ڼҲˣͨ͸۵ʹ²ܶĻƣǵһۿ˵ĸо׼ġ
кõģлģ׽ĻԶģҶȴƼǰģġ
ޱϲĮ۾ĿԶ͸ŵ㵭Į
ףء
ҶգգۣͻȻⲻǺԼô
ʱС˲θոճˣﶼģģʲôãҹֻǵ๫ЩЩѵЩԵʲô֪
ҶʱףʱѾÿӹмǣֻҸȥ˾˲ʹĥ
ҲҶܲϲ˿׾˵ţǴ־ӡ
ûǸ˼ˣɺ޲Լܻ꣬һÿ
ҶִİŮ˵Ƽʶɫ
ʯʶ˽ŤͷҶʱϾ¶һº͵飬վ΢΢ˡ
ҶϾǱ϶õǹأӸĻ˸񣬶ſڵ·ˣҶСصЩƬ
Сԣһ²ſ첽뿪ȴ֡
ƬԼҶϵԵģСһֱţҶڳⷽǫãڶôͷŮӾ˳ʵЩڲͬ
Сȴ֪ҶҲǺԺġ
ɫλ·ӿҲǸúܣôҲͳŶԡ
ʯϲ֪Լ˿˸ͨ͸Ҷ£ûԡ
һԵĻЦŵ˰緹ûУҴЩ¥ļȺأҪһЩ
ҶȻϳԹˣΪⳡֲٳʵǷ˻ĻͲԾӣȻԹԵͷãһ𡣡
ʯһԼûҪӲȥ
Ȼ֪Ҷ֮ʲôϵǹ˵Ҳ֪׽ģԼûҪﰭ£Ҫǡ
˭֪Ҷȴǿ˿·ˣ
ʯϵĶסˣǸղžͶ֪ǣ˼ԼٶͲˣһЦͷ¡
ʢ࣬ʯϵЦסý֮ǰŹæţұûйݷãսӣЩûŵ˰ɣ
ȻûСҶЦЦһ˫۾ȥˮ峺
ʯϱЦŪһ¡
ã͸ΪǹʱҪøܿƾٶ飬޸¼ң㲻úùʯнʿ΢ЩɫˣΪʯ⵽ʯٴζԭ̡
ʯᣬʵͲˡ
լ˼ʯʲôǴЦ
ҶЦʯ죬ȴһֶ˵
ӵ֣ϵţ֪ҶǸദģƼˣʯϲ֣Ϊϲ
Ǹһۿȥ֪ůڵŮӣ͸ˮֲõ̫
ֻ̫õˣͻȻ⣬ηġ
ʯϣͻȻ˵Ҳоɵģ·˵ĸǸط֪ء
Ҷԣɵÿʯϡ
ʯһʯ𱻸ϳǣ֣ǴŮȴѾͼ޹Ҳû͸¶뾩йŮнԼͻȻ
ھﵱ˶ҷ˵ģеĵеģʯѸ̧ͷϴǳЦҸȷʵ֪أѵó»ǵá
ЦЦζʯǸù٣ҼţһҲأġ
⻰Щ⣬ִЩģǰϢ͸ȥˡ
ʯָսβסȣڸֱֱĿۻ
һЦȴ˵ˡ
ҶЦŵ֮ǰӯҲдţ˵ʯ˿ϼѣӯҶȵȣûþҡ
ӯ֣ϵС֡
ʯҧҧԼԴȻġ
ͻȻãԼͻȻ˺ܶǰ붼顣
ԭ粻ıˡ
ԭɩɩ֮ǰЩǿⰲοġ
ԭָġ
ֻЩʯ϶һֲ¶ֻǼ֣еĶ
ԼҸɩɩ˵Ҷ׽ϣڻ
̣ȴĴˮһͷŮ˵ػ
ǵʯٿҶʱǣˣסýԺѰ˵𣿡
ЩСģҲЩɬ
ʯϵӾȵĿƽˮԼҷˣȴ档
ҶЦſȻ֪ʯãȻܾĵͷð
ȼð࣬ҶѾ֪ʯϵСӳ㣬ʯҲЦź
һԵСضþȣҶô꣬ԼҶ̾Ǹб£Ƕӣϼӣ֣ӣԼҶ̶ͷһμʱ׽
ˡ
ҶǾãղŵʯȻʻ˲١
С˲β֪ʯϸոյ鵽׾˶ٴ䣬Ǽ仰飬ȴ̥һ㣬ҶԣǼҳˡ
ӲֻǺѡ
ĪǣǶŶģԲѹ
ԹС˲ԽԽԼµöԣĪĶЩж
ţӳ¶ӶҪѵá
ʶȥõʱҶר˵˾䣺ԺҪôˣӳʱЩ˵ұ緹㡣
ʯ֪Ҷ룬ֻҶĴãѾ¼Ҵ˶ŮӽҶ֣ͷãҶˡ
ûиȥãȥˡ
ԼĪһʱҷ˴ŸԵĹﶼҡ
ЩҺ¼ΪԺա
ò˵ҶƽֺͻѡլӵضκܺãլӱãΪᶼûйԺյ˼ҡ
ʵҪڴҵլҲҲŵ֮䵽вͬģսҪӦĶǸŹŮѹһͷȻǲġ
һܵ󻧣ӻ̹ܶࡣ
ȻҶβԭϼҵʱûʲôͬ
ˣ죬Լٵķл£ҶҪľǼЩ˵գȻѼӶЦͺˡ
̸̸ţ˵֮ǰµ顣
˵λǸҪ빬Ůأ˵ҽӼãѾסˡ
⻰֪˭˵ģǸһ˵ڣվͻȻ
ҶƬ⣬оΧЩֵ̧ͷʶؿʯϡ
ֻΪЩ΢йıʯϣһӦҲҪ˭˭
ȻͰǸŮƭӡ˸ɸɾ
ɲҶڣʯϾѾ˲յ
㶯˺
Ϊղ⻰˼˵ķιӡ
ҪѡŮӣǰ;ƽҶ˼Ժǲù˵Ҷ档
ұ¼ҹϵң֣ʯϿշ䣬ҲǴʯϵ
˶ﰵ޸ղŶˣĺĺ
ʯȴȫûΣϾ¼Ҿһ̲࣬˭˭Ͳںˡ
ҶǸõģǳŸո뼦࣬ʯҲͷһεĲҶ档
۾ĮɨһȦʯקӲǣλﵱ£ѾǶ棬ﲻƽǽʺôﷴ˴Ľʸ֦ǰԼŮҲͽȥû׼Ҳܵӡ
˻һ˶ӡ
˭ﶼȥܵˣ̼Ů빬ֻܵŮ˭Ůȥܿࣿ
ʯϼǲ˵ˣģ˵˵ԼҲҵﻹء
һոЩ¶ԺȻ
֮Աô˶ţΪĸУԼǿҡ
Щ˭֪ⰮλˣܴùϵԺ̳һ׮
ʲôʲô̻ӵж¶
̼˼ұãֻҪ׬ǮԵϸ֦ĩǴӲƽϡ
ϯɢ˵ʱҶһ¾ţ´οɲôˣۡ
ʯϸ˱裬ЦҲóѰƷͻҲһԼ³̵ģʱϸϸ˵˵á
Ҷһ̵ͷֹǸֱ׵ģһĵӳãҴæˡ
ʯѵһ죬ȵƢͻȻûƵģֺҶ˵˼仰ǣߵʱ򶼵ͷ
ں涼˸У񱦳ʱҶǰԸпĺ
ոչʯ͸磬Ϊ֪ڸߵĳ֮͢ǰЩȥвٶȵ۸µĶǵȵۣδٻصȴǳʣЩ˶Գʸж£ȻΪġ
Уʯǻ׶ʿ޹ģŻʯһЩҽԵ
û뵽ǣԼ࣬Լ͸ķ磬ʯȴһ˼Ҷ
תһ룬ЦſҶҲѹ֣˭ܲϲأ
ҶЩ⣺ʲô˼
ԭ͸Сӣԣ̧ͷһ䣺׺ÿ
˻һŮ˶Цǵͷ׸ͣ˺üĿ֬ӡӡ
ʱĪЩ߽пˣæЩԥ
Ҷһ񱦵С֣һ£˵ɡ
ǡĪǰѹ̣Ҳ̫ˣղʹſڵСˣ˵ǲʱڵͻȻ˵ǵĹϻ˺ӣ·˹ȥƣ·˴˰סˣȻֻҪֽء
˻һҶһӦס񱦵Ķ䣬񱦰Щʲô檵ѧ˵
Ǽֲֵһ
ڹﳤʲôֶûֻ˺ӾҪϹµĹǣǺԽԽҡ
ֻЩ˵ǹֶΣⶪˣ˵ŵأֻǵϲ̨Ķ˭ĵӣ
ҶҡҡͷȻ֪
һԵСԥһ£̣洫˵¼еġ
ĪӲɵÿСһۣǰֻССûͨ͸أܰͷ鶼̽ף˼ġ
ü˵ǹ檵Ķӣ϶оҲǷˣҲ˵ƿҪʱˣǻԽϴҲҪƷ£Ҳܸûˡ
ҶЩ׷Ų⣬ֻǿĪʵӳƼ𣿡
Īӵͷ¼ҷ˰Ǵȥġ
Ҷʯ³̣㲻ʣɿ񱦶֣һֶӱһŻЦŵȻһ緹ɣȼ
ԣһԴʵСڣ
СһҶǴһıӣǣء񱦳Բԣ
ĵͷԣ
ҶĪӵü࣬ټͷвˡ
񱦲Բ˲ˣ񱦳⣡СֶŬĹ˹ӡ
ҶֱӰ§ˣѾѧһҽҩС˲ζⷽӣҪԣȻԺܳ߸ߣСڻ
вȻЧ̱ͣҶĻﲻ˵ˡ
һЦֱЦģƵĺһҶøЩ
ҶСֶյĺ󱳣۾Żʵأ
˿ڲˮǵ飬ſڵҾͲˣɩӲãҵһҰɽ׼ͽȥȻҪˡ
ҰɽΡ
һ־ͲǺ˼ҵ˲Ρ
Ҷüһȴû˵ʲôͻȻϻʺ
֮ǰ˵ϻʺʱҶûʲôᣬھ£ҶҲȫ֪޾ġ
䶼˵ѡʺӡ
˵ÿŮӶҪŮϻʺλӰȷʵǼѵúܡ
ҰɽοûⷽĹЧǿ壬Լֹء
ЧĶڸ᷿ͷء
Ҷ뵽СصȥѼ黨һ裬˻ЦЦȥɣܺŵˮܻӺкôġ
֪ҶͨҽȻƴǣСذѻǺÿҲãİɣҶȻֽɩ
ҶЦЦĿ뿪㱧һһߵ񱦳극ʲô
ŷݣëݣ
ð
Сظں棬̾˿ԼСүǻС̸Ե¶ءڼǳⷽ棬СүͶүǸġ
һΣչȥԷŰԭҪһͬȥģʱЩԣûɩΪԼۣǺúչ˺ӣԼ˼Ժ
ûطͿҶƽ֡
¶ЦݣСܹȥһ¾ҳںδ
Ͼһ·ģǰĸԣڵĻԣʴһһ
ΣȴӰ
ɻĿ⣬Ҷƽһӽ£ү㿴ˣҹ˵һġ


153 
˵û, Щȡ
ʵҶƽҲΡ
Ӷʼųʣų뾩ųʹ龩ΪټĹ, һֱǳߵһȻ
ʵǻΪۣҶƽֱǰ϶ӽ
ʹ佫Ҷƽڳϵǻ۱ȲЩĳ, ڳʺ֮Ĺϵ˽⡣
˵ֵ, ˵ʦͽ
뾩ɢǶʱ˸, һʼΪģǵ˺, ļֺѧʶҲϲܰżðɵ
ƾ֮·ǰܶġ
ڽ֮, ˽⾩, Ҳõ˻ԺҪôĴЩǳһĸġ
ǿгƺ͵ܣʵǳʴĵ, ڵȵ˷Űʱ򣬳ȴûй, ȷʵǼϡ¶
ǣûС
뵽ҶƽֵдЩͬ顣
ԵĽ, Ϊʵ۵ĳȻһ֪
ԼһʵӵƢҶ, , Ͷ˸ȻҪõرġ
ûУֻ³Ժ󶼲˽ˡ
ǻԣǧ˹ľֻȡٸһοеȷʵ̫ˡ
ûзҶƽֵɫ仯ֻЩϧЩ£ҶҴϣֲҪۣҪ
Ҷƽֵͷû˵һ·ȥ
Ҷƽֲ֪ǣʲûǰʿ񵥣һȥ˻ʺ޹
бڴͷϻʺųЦŵ๫صģӺõúܡ
߬ϻʺ֣þû˵
λʲֻΪԼҲΪе²òλã»ȴ⻳ǰңӡ
ϧЦǺǵĺֵҲȻỽһɾϻʺ
ǰʶȻúðο׷ףγȴ˵ʵǲ˸ˣ
ϻʺǣûпڡ
ʽŵǲҴţԺҲ֪
ϻʺͲĲر˵£๫ҲȾ˷纮ɾͺãµġ
ԣҲʣֻȥıסϻʺȴš
ϻʺΪ˿ģЦſϣ񣺡ȵԹˣҪ޻£๫ǻĵһ׮ϲ£Ҫذġ
ԣҲЦݣȻСܳɼңҶȻҪ׼ʮױ˺úѡźˣҪദġ
ϻʺһЦ˵ͷ
գ˵˼л뿪
ߵʱƼ˱ϵļ黨һʱûзֱƷֻ֣ǳװ¶ԵôæҲûʱʡ
뿪Ļ̽̽ͷЩƲƲ־֪˵һ
ϻʺЦ֣ûΪ˵ģûǹİ趼ģİɣȵ˳׵ʱ򣬶ȻǺ䶯ǡ
һЦʵ᲻Ե̫ţ
ϻʺϣ۲ϸܣȻóΪʡʲôⳡ°ĹҶƽֶ档
йĻᣬҶƽֱûи佫˾ڼѹ磬մ˳Ĺ⣬ֻ
뵽ˣϻʺȴƣǿ°Ȩ£Ȼ֮ǰսùⲻӯҲǶŰ¶µĻᣬֲ⣬Ҫٰźá
ŵ˵ͷЦӯӯӦ㲻˵¶ǵ֮ǰĻɩ𣿡
ϻʺ˱˻̵һԵİϡ
֣а׵ָ޵Ļ䣬⻨֮ǰ͹ңҲ˾ǣֻϧĴֱƹıʱˤ˻裬ûܾȻܵøµģﵹ˲١
⻰ɵÿ˿ϻʺ
֮ǰֶڱȳʣ޲ȻǳʵóдͳмǳǷ޶û˵֪
Ҳû֮ǰŲľ
ڸ˶˾УвٳдԱŮͷͷеھķ˵ϻʺ岻
ϻʺһҲΪƵüûа취
ɵ˾䣺ɩ𣿡
ϻʺ˿Цʵʲô
ŲţܸҪӡ
ϻʺû˵ȴƽ
ʷ޶꣬˵ƢղԼһԲΪΪʺԣ֪ʶȻ̾ЩͷԼˣϳͲ
ҪҪӣϻʺȻȻ侲ĶࣺҲŵģɡֻҪҵ๫Ҿš
ϻʺ˻֪лҲû˵ʲôת̸Ҷ͵輪黨պ֡
ڵ⣬ϣü΢壬ʵճ޺ͻк˼ʺ󣿡
ػϵĻֱֻѧʿ˵ķ˵ݹӡ
ֱѧʿٽףελûдһαȡѵ
ûж˵ʲôֻǰλȻʵҶûУ
ػϣҶδ빬
ʵͷ΢΢۾ϣû˵
ڹԺǰѾͷܶѹѹһƬ
ҶƽֲûиȥվԶԶĿţֻ˼ǰա
˼۾Χ˿Щ⣺үǣΪʲôͷͷô൱ٵĽӺ
ԣɨһۣԥһµܡǼҲоӣŹİɡ
˼ƶǶĵͷҲʱ䣬һǰ
Ѱʱ˼ӲҲСΪԼүܻĳȥǸСĵȺȴʹĻ˿
Ҳְܻ˼߳Ⱥɢ
ˣһʱҲûܼǰ棬˼ɵڣ֪ʹӸ϶СˣҲùүԼ
Žżǰ̽ͷȴƲ
˼һҲżүôƣƲţ
żܿ˶ĵطԼڣתƣ˼ͳ
ڣ۳δǰ̾ͱдͷȴУȻżģ
ˣҲܺԺİο˼żҶҰȻҲǿġ
˼ƵӦһ̧ͷ˿ΧǱԼߵˣЩй
ʱ˲Զеɡ
ͬĽʤȯһ㣬ҡվȺ⡣
ЩĿ˿ʵǲ컹ţʲô
ֻҲûǰգԴɳЦ˼Ͳˡ
ȴһƼ¶Цݸкⲻô֣ҼС˾ǰ棬Ҫң
ȻѾԶԽԶԽҪ湦Ҳ˸Цûпͷˡ
˵ûΪǰ̫̫Ī˵Լˣ˵ҲûƼ
ɵĶûиУҲ
һЦǴżֿϧµģ㻹ᣬٵҲһ
һ㶣֪ˡ
ҲûнͣϾԼҲ֪ΣɶѾİˡ
˼Ҫ漷Ƶʵûô
ɾʱվһһİǻڻǰȥ
һ̧ͷͿ°ڵҶƽ֡
Ҷƽֲûϴ⣬ڹǰԼ°͸Ϳˣݡ
֮ǰǴųʹſڶǵŹԺӭģլ˴СѰ²ʶģҶƽ΢ͲõıϳβͬĲдԱһҪ¶׵ġ
Ҷƽ΢һԼǰ˼ǰͷ
ллҶ硣ֵлŰͷĽʿ
棬ٸ֣ڹԺǰձϡ
ģͨԣӾ˳˹ʿҪǣͷĶպμӵԣȥһʿ
ձڣǽҪԾš
ʿǾ֮ǰʮƴԽȥĽ𣬸ޱȡ
ס˼ԼƽĴǰͷһ󿴣ѰԼա
ֻʵ̫࣬ôҶΡ
ɾտеʱ򣬾˼˷ܵүҿˣˣˣ
˻һסˣҶƽֺƶҲɴ۾
˼ȴǣֻקĸ첲ƣָүƣ֣
æ̽ͷȥ㿴½ȷʵԼ֡
ڶʮŵıļᡭ
ʮģͷһο˶⣬֮ǰСԪͷɲʲôΡ
ɣ˾У
ˣеԣýʿڿνֻҪ˱ʲôǿ
׻Ǹɣβס˷ܣЦʲôȣʲôͳͳˣֱק˼Ҫܣţ죬ǸϽȥ߶磬һҪдţˣ
Χ˻ۻ򼵶ʣɶʱ˹֡
ǰδҪдǰ̵ģʾܱȽǿ
ȴһ仰˵
飬ǶλῼţĸֻУͬϵķݣƮŵģ
ɣΣǸԼģ
ʱ򾩳ǵ̸ָ̼۵ľͲɵСԪԼԸеϢˡ
˼Ǿ䡰ˡֱӸһͷȡ
ȥ˵ʲôܻǿ㿴㣡һȺԼ˵꣬ɾͰǿǰˣƿԼСˣʹڹʿԼ֡
ǿû˳˼ǰߡ
û߶Զ͸оҶƽֻԼߡ
Щɻ̧ͷûȿҶƽֵͱһȥ
Ҷͳƽ뱻ץߵĻ͸Ͻͷߡ
Щ⣬ܿ죬ͿЩͣĽӻձǰ漷еϻźɫĴӻӣڵġ
һ£ͼ֮ǰعºԼ˵ģа׽Ĵͳ
ЩǹԱЩʿܹ⾩ˣŮֹеģһȵĻԵԣʱ׼ųȥŮؼҡ
ݵģֱӰߡ
ȻҪιԼ𻨸ԣȴ롰׽ߡ
뵽ץ˼Ҷƽֵı¿첽뿪һ·СŻؼȥ
ŵǱϲˡ
ⱨϲ˲ɳȥģǸɵס
ѰŰ󣬶һȺ˴ȥûϤ֣Уȥϲ˵õǮ
Ҳ⾩ͷЩĸ˼ңҵӵУȻǺ£ҸǮǲ٣ⱨϲȽű䣬һ·ģϲϲӵйʿ
Ϣܿʹ˸ڣܹϲʱҶһϣһ˱һ޺˯
ӷܹſںŵСæڰ֣С磬ȥСү͹˯š
͵ͷͷûСȥ˵һ˵ǰͷϲˣүˡ
СֻǸźģȴҲ֪Ƕ಻׵顣
ţС߽ңһԲվ
Ҷ⣬ֱ΢΢ƣСؽҲû£ȷ˯ţŰŽС
ǽԱߣùСӸǸϡ
ǸһǺãСиоƵģԼͿ˹ȥܿСԴСԴ첲첲˯һš
ҶֱЦȴûгֻʾĪӿЩͬһȥԱߵ᷿
СؽںͷŹϣŶǵү̣˵үˡ
ͷæѹ˱ϲˣҸǮȥˣ֪϶˵ġһ˵¼һֱûҲûˡ
ҶԣŤͷ˿ͿһĨĵЦ
ʵЦҶܶΣԼ๫ڶʱ򣬴ü͵ģûаԴ˵䵭ҲҶܺ׵طֱʲôʱĻϲ
ڣǸ˵ģϲɫ
ʹƽʱΪֳµĹǺܶģÿһҪԱ߷ſţ㲻и
˳ɹȻˡ
ҲԼ飬Сصȥø˰Ѻ첼óϣڣٸع£ˣͷĽ׾Ǯ֮ǰİ˳ɳۣȥɡ
СӦһ˳ȥСʵүôǲǹҡЩ
ӵĵĲ޵⾩Ŵ󻧲٣λῼҲֻһңеҲеġ
ôвס
û˵ǿҶЦ˾䣺أ
Ҷһ춹׼ͣƺû뵽Լһ¡
ڣչȥϳʣµİ춹ҧųԵˡ
С˲ιһչȥҪ
ɲǶ˭뵽ԼæַסȻһ͵Ц⣺˺ˣµģұ֤´ζġ
Ҷֳһڣ˻ȥ
Ƴӣ֪֪Ȥıһˣûˡ
ӹԹԵĻعüĿ˳ĺܡ
ոһͨҶȴûԼĻֻС˲ζЩףҲú˵ֱֻ׵ĻصȲֵҲ֪๫๫˵ĶȻеġ
⻰˵̹ϣҲҶﻰ
С˲Լ๫¼Ǹ˵ȻǶԵġ
⻰üԽͣסҶ֣˭֪ȴҶָ߬סָ⣬ůĸš
˵˾䣺ů¯ҪЩůһůûġ
ӦһǣԼ֡
ޱȻȻǷǧٴΡ
С˲δӳ׵𣬾Ѿϰǣβķӣһֻź춹ԣҲûɿ
ǿӣֱӵǲǸŴ󻧣ϲǸףһµģũֳ̼ͷһſƾٳͷģǸ˸˱ӦǰҪ˵ô˻һ
ҶԣɵõعǸϲģѽ׾Ʊ˵ȥ⣿
ЦЦ׾ƱͱҺƹʮֹѰܺȵģܺȵĲں˶٣µģǸ֡
һ˵λֻһֱԼɡ
ҪԼϢǲǻ
ϸϸ˳ȥǰۡ
Ҷȥϴϴ֣òصߣֱӼĻ˸Ƿ᣺๫ˡ
Щ۵ı
Żǡ
񱦴СǸģһֱʵʵǸСţȻһǲ¾ˣԵö˯ö࣬ԼֵֶնյģҲһëûС
ⰮЦֵܶЩ
ѰҲǺúõģͻȻֱҶᵽɤ۶
첻ǾˣҶⲻ֣ιˮģǽһԣﲻæͺ˼룬ԴǻԼСʱֲܵʹԽԽļ
ˣȷֻżȻ˷磬ûд󰭣˯һͺãŷġ
Ҷ˵˯㡣
Ҷקӣ˸ǷŵİأڣⶼҪһðġ
ȥĶͷҡ
С˲ˣҲ˲϶ʣɵ᷿ϵͷܿϵĲյ๫ˮ
æ˹˲յһιһĺ󱳡
ɾҶպڣͷͻȻ˸˷ܵ磬ɩɩˣ
һҪһȾ΢΢һҶպȽȥһڲˮֱֱ˳ȥ
䵽ɵǰ
˲ϿԼŪʪ˵ǸæŲҶ졣
С˲˳ſ๫㡭Ͻȥѣ
ɵͷûаŭȫȻһƬЦºͣã˯ȥ
ӸҶ˲°ͣˮԼ϶ûŪʪķҶɺãںñӡ
վϵˮֱ߳ȥ
ԭ˷ܵܽԺӵһ۾ͿŶԼҶ硣
ֻڵģЩңһǰ󱻲ˮŪһƬɫҲЩ塣
ƽĿϲ֪ϲŭ
ԭǼ˵ģģŪЩãȻɵʣ磬ôˣ
һۣüĿƽɫƽûӺʹأ
ʵش𣺡£ҶͻԺͻȥˡ
ͷƽ˵˾䣺á
һ㶣ʲôã
ɣº˵
ԣɻӵһԣ̸߸˵ĸȥ
еҶ֪ͷʲôʱѾɫ
һۣͿǰʲôڷš
Ҷ۾´Ь˹ȥַļվߡ
Цֵˣ컹һ֣ףɵǲ٣ѵý컹ЩУҵˮӣһ£
ǰģŸҪæˡ
ҶȻȤġ
ֻС˲ҿ˿ûҵԼ
᷿ѰǸסģǵ̺Сξһףûиԣġ
Ҳ˵ŷµģҪҶһȥ
˭֪С˲һҵԼλá
ֱϣ˫ĲҶ๫°ɡ
˿ͻȻʵЩ˷ѡ
סҶҪģȴҶٴδЩҶˡ
Ķ˶٣һֻͳҲˡ
Ҷ˫ɾӿһƬγ˰ɡ
סҶ֣á
ҶЦʵǳ𣿡
ûشΪûбȤ
վʱҶ۾ֱߵֽƣЩɻ
У⣬ʾӡ
ףⲻ֮ǰɳ˺üٱǾ仰


154 
йʿ, ܿﵱдˡ
סڳǶ, ￿˺ӣ˾Ӷ࣬ȻȲߵĹٻ¸ҲǺ÷ˮˡ
⼸ȻǺģǲȱ, ⾩йľˮӦȻǲ֪ҶƽԼĹϵ, ǹƾ˾öǵķ, ֪˳ġ
˼, Ǹոս, ˶С
ֻǳȥҶ֮ǰƷ, ʱûлӴˡ
йʿͷ, Ŀ˺ܶ࣬ȥף, ̽̽ҵĵףҲʹϵϾ, ԺٻнӴġ
׼˱ڣ׼˵, ȴûر, Ҳǰ, û˽ãĿҲ⣬˼ɻҪ׼ԣܲôʱͺԾûдŮ졣
һҶҲɿЩ
Ա¼ҾͰöࡣ
֮ǰߣҲˤݡ
˵ԳǧѧӦԵľ˺ܶ࣬ȫػ۾ǣľӵռеĲʮ֮һֵ̼УҪһʵס
ͬƶ˼ҵ࣬˼ҵĶʳǣŽ׳ǼôŬܵõĲƸ
ȻʳǣʲôܻΪʲôҪŬ
ټ͢ƴˣѰҲûӣԽЩ̼ӵûϽ֮ġ
ʶ꾩Ƕߵ̼˼УӦĲɺ
ڷŰǰûܳȥعתžͲĵģǳʫĻᣬʤȯա
˰οɺôˣȴɽ
泰Ц¼ҵûϹסýж֣¼ж塣
ʱҶı¼ĸʯϡ
ˣҶȻǲģȻ֪ʯʯãټ֮ǰʯϰҶΧС˲ζ˲׽ƽҲЩ
ʯϳЩĵˮҶپе飺̻ȲЩٻ˼ңɽҲܺҪСģӻúãлᣬɵԵæˣҴȥתת
ҶЦŵͷ°Ϳʯϡ
ʯ˹оҶߣһЦ
òƷԣʯ϶ǳģһμʱʯϰ˵Цʻ˺ܶࡣ
С˲βûо̫˵ĿֻţӸһ죬Ҳһ죬ʯϴ֪ܿʯϸ߸˵ĹҲǻϲġ
ʯϽƤ˵ݸҶһ룺
Ҷӹҧһڣ۾΢΢󣬸⾪ȣ𡭡
ʯҲԼһЦھ̵Ĺ԰ģʱǳ˵ӣӾͳԲˡ
ҶЩ棺԰ֻ𣿡
ʯƽºֶͣеģ԰ҵޣʱûУΪ˸԰ӻǮЩСľӪ˲٣΢٣ʯԺ¼ӹȥֻҪס԰ӣҾԼ
ҶԣЦʯϵӳ㰲ģ˵ʯ֪ܻ𣿵ʱӶȻǺùġ
ʯϵ˵ͷصţȻǺùġ
˵ʱСԥһµ̣ˣ˵ӲҪУҪ
Ҷգգ۾Щ⣺о룬ӳֲῴʲô
ʯϱС˲θЩƣһӲָһҪͷ๫߿˵ҵĲǣһҵĹܼȨ
һԵĪû˵ֻ΢΢ͷȻǼֲ֡
ǰźϵʱҲһ˳ģûģҲסսҪϴյŮӡ
ĪӼϵֶˣҲ˵Ե˼Һլһҵ飬ûʲôʵġ
ҶСأ϶¶˾ȵ顣
ҶͿʯϣô죿
ʯϼ״ЦҶ֣Ī£ҼҵӦ
ʯУҶиģЩ۵鲻Ҫĺá
ϴЦʯְ˸˸
Ҷӹȴû̳ԣǿʯϵҪȥ𣿡
ʯЦЦûش𣬶ǲ˲֣ǡ
Ҷ֪£ûֻ˰СõҸһߡ
뿪ʯϵЦݾ䵭
һԸŵӿˣæˣ㷸ŸǸСһʶҲŻ˺ӱQһ£ʲôġ
ʯȴû˵ϽǰӣУǰ๫Լ͸¶ѹܼȨ
һ仰ӵɫ
ʵԼӵĴңûûжŮڸоǸտӣ˶ϡ
ϵĶӳ󣬼ʹûпϹǴӲɻжӣܹигϢġ
һһүǸ޵ģӴĹȥˡ
ʯȴƽһ߷ӵֽһߵȻúõӲúùҲʲô档
ԥһʵ𣿡
ʯϵӽﴫ룬õģ뼸ȻвͺúΣУвûҪúøϱ̥¼ҲȱǮӾˣҩϣǧʲô
Щʯϵ˼ȴûʣȥԸˡ
ʯʳУͷҵζ΢΢۾
¶ܿͱӸ
ԭڿ˱ɶһ٣̧ͷӣʵ֪֪ʯ϶˭
ӻصĶȥˣ˵̲СڸУ˵ҪӲߵġ
û˵ָ˵棬֪ʲô
Щ⣺ү¼ҷҪʲô
ҲĻصʲô¼ʵǸö
Ӻôһ˼ң֮ǰ³ۼңô˵
ƫƫӳ˴飬벻¼ҵĴ
Ϻʯ֮Լ飬ϾȻֵҼſڣ˽使棬ֻԺʲôèèĶܵҼǰżˡ
ӣ
ֲöүԭ˶̣
ɶԼû뵽Ҫɡ
ȴЩ˱ӳȡֽһдһߵȥعңǸմɵһ
ǣү
ǵЩĪҪˡ
ǡ
ʱдţһּ˼֣ŷŽŷݸӵͻȥʯ֪أǵãֽʯ֪ϣʱŻҡ
̽ӹŽӦһתҪǰ۷үҪҪӸŶүе黹ûүͷء
ԭͷܿ͸ı⣺أܵʱʱ̶̿ǹϣˣҲǻԹˣԻûʼҪǸҪǵԡٵȵȣȿԺٻȥϲ١
Ӧһſ첽뿪
ֹ˼գ͵˹ǽԵӡ
ǰĿԲͬٲǹԱǵʵۣʶԵĿҲƺΪԵصҲ˻ʹ֮УֹضҪǰӽСġ
ȥԺҲֱӴģһ³ڣ©
ֻһֻһģδǰ̶˩һϣ˭
һ磬ȥ洩£ȥ㡣
ŲԲɵõ磬Ҳֻ֪᲻Һͬȥˡ
İɣģ϶Ҫæ˵ƶʱվʰϵ㡣
Ŷһ͹ԹԵ²׼ȥ°ͷһԵøЩ
֮ǰʶ˵ֱԻϵģʱ򿼽ϵĲĲɣ̬أģ̬пһʵ۵жϡ
ֵĻ˵ǣʥӢ䣬ʶӢ͵ܵǹأȻҪøΣȻҪһЩЩźá
뵽̾˿
ԴϹʿԺ󣬾ûټˣҲֳ֪ڵӹúòá
ˡ
ʱԼķű죬ȥʱȴûˡ
Ժţ͸оѱקק
ͷͶһ˫۾
߬һֽСĽģͷС¶ЦݣקѣŽţСŬľٸߣ̸⣬ԡ
һůҪ񱦣ȴһ¡
СһֽŴԣȥࡣ
Լ໹кԶԶأǶڴĿ⣬ʲô˵ˣֱӵͷصãһúÿ񱦶ҵ
գգ۾øûйø
ֹסЦȥһڣС뿪
СȸͲˣ뿪һԵȺŵĪ֣Ҫȥס
ĪӸæǰ񱦣ȴûлҶԺӣȥ˻԰
һ¶ţĪӾ͵һ
ԭĻ԰ǻŽصģȻ֮ǰҶ˵ҪרҸطҩĻΪֽ꣬ûж
ٿһԾܵ˹Ҳ˺ЩӣҶ˶
ֻûаѻ԰ƽԼɽΪֽ磬ߵıֻߵġ
Īӱ񱦽ȥʱѾһ룬ǸæµȥȻ죬Ҳ
ŤͷĪӵĲӣĪҲֻ첽˳ȡ
ڹսǵһͤУҶ棬Ա߷һСͷ̥
񱦼Ҷͳ֣ױ
ҶЦŽӹڻţ۾ǿĪʵɳ𣿡
ض̣үѾ뿪ˣү˵Ҫ
Ҷû˵񱦾Ͱͷ˳ĵ񱦸ԣ
ҶЦԡ
СһҲ¶ЦݣֵߵߵҶơ
С˲ǿ˻æµˣƫͷСصСأЩҩĻЩЩҪеҪˮȥЩ
СظҶôãϼʱҲһֱæҩĻԵģЩǼϤġ
ԣӦһ첽߹ȥ
СҶǰɺ˳ǰ͸ˣݵģ˵ȴ䣬Żˡ
Щ˺ܿСվһԣһĶ֣ɫϸ
ҶǺٿСһ棬ƼɵЦСǺǰһˣǰ̰̰棬ŵмߵ衣
ĪҲЦǸпСصá
ĪߵˣԸͷѾͷСҲǼģСԭιιȣʵģҶϴߣֱӸӽ̵
ǰǸС̰СѾͷѾǸĴˣŶүߵӸԵˣСӲ֪ù
ԭСĵܵÿԣͷҶʵ
Ҷͷˣ
ʵĵͷǰȥ˯϶ӺģҲ
񱦺ֵܿʯͷ硣
ҶЦŵٹ£񱦾Ҫиܻܵˣ߲ˣ
ŲŲɴ۾ҶĶӣ׶Ƕеܵˣ
ҶæסСһ£Ҫеܵˣʯͷ׵á
գգ۾ЦǺǵ֣
Ҷ֪ôͻȻðôһ䣬ʵʲôϵ
еܵܣã
˻һҶöԣ־òԡ
ȴԼʤȻֵߵߵĳС֣Ҫܵ顣
ҶŽС
˵СʵǸΧ齡
ΧĲߣΧ÷޵ΧţʡĿСźĵӣ²СĵҲۡ
ЩΪȻվѾȵֻŵСˣȻҪúñˡ
Щʩֻãȴǰ㶼òϵġ
ӱͤ￪ʼһֱţҪſţġ
ֺǺǵȥӲԼ¾ſͷͷƣżкɹʱ̧ȥץԼܰԼЦˡ
ȥס񱦵ȡ
̧̧ͷһۣſȥ
һ⣬һֻƨɣһĵܵܣ顣
⿩Ц֡
ȴôſžôſţͲסܴƨƨĲ鲻Ըá
ĵ񱦿ʼһı־޵ķӦȴ˹
Ȼ󿴿ҿûþſͷȥˡ
úרע
ҶһţһʱҲŪԼСӵöôʱҲܹԹ飬ûʲôϡˡ
С˲ĪӿǣԼߵСߣһŻԡ
ʱиںڵСӰ˹
񱦸⾯Ťͷһ۾ͿǸСָŵСڣ
ĪҲſȥƼ˴ҡڵŵĺë
֮ǰݣСڵβͻͺͺģⲻСΪ󹫼Ľ
ŲѲӣȥ硣
񱦼ǳһֱǵСڳ̸飬Ĺĵ죺Сڻ
ĪæүĪǲϲ˰׽˹ˡ
ɲĪӺˣ񱦾͵ˡ
Īһ㶡
ĵȻܷɳһΣܷɳΡ۾ҪߵõѸסҲɲ
Īӣ
治ǶүĶӡ
񱦱㲻ٿСڣֻܽŸܵñ顣
ǲ֪СǲǱ̫ãҲвסͻȻ͡มĽ
񱦹Ҫ˵ȴһ˶
ͻȻһץСŤͷСھ˹ȥ
СҲСûзɶԶȻŵСڣȻֹϧСŤͷܣûþͲӰˡ
»ع񱦣۾ɾ峺
һԵĪƼЦźүã֪үϲСڣڰء
ȴ˵ֱĶ
˻ǸϲġܵΪʲôë򣿡
գգ۾һɴ棬񱦵Ļ
񱦲ٱ飬һˣɻȴرסë˭
Ī˸ϽȥѲȥϴɾɺܸС
ʱиС˿첽˹Ī˵䡣
ĪӵͷȴûжȻӣҶСػصͤʱẉ̂үˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ô죿أ
ĪӻشѾ߽ͤӵȥˣҵԽҪȺܳһʱҾȻƣ˳дȥ
Ҷ⣺Ҫ
ζԱʱ֮衣


155 
Ҷ̫Աʱ֮ʲô˼, ǰ׼
ԭһֱǵвûϾԭҩ̵, ǵҽ, ܲôϾǡ
Ժ, ұȥ˾ҽݺ, Ҷȥ룬㹻, ͬȥ
ɲżֻҶ԰, һҩĻ, еúܣһ㶼ż
֪ԼҶѾ뿪ˣҲû˼ȥ빬顣
ŵҪֱӺͻϹһҵģҲͱ֮ǰҪϸ
Ƚ, ԹԵվص˶УಽĸͷĹԱ˻ʹš
˵֮ǰ, ô߽źľᵽɤۡ
ǻʹ, Ǵ, ѰһӶĵط
ȻѾǹʿ֮, ʵҲǸСط, ǰԻʹڻ˵˵Ŀ, ߽, ǰ붼顣
ֻ̧ͷ, ;䶼졣
ڽǰͷĹԱλʿڵɢްݡʱԲ̧ͷֱʥգýͷӶ뿪λΥߣǲԭ¼ã
⻰˵ĸУټԱΧĺǽߵǺѹȸС
ɸΧһӦһԭҪҿ仰ͷѹҲû˼ȥˡ
쵽ԼλϺֻ۾Ѹٵɨһۡ
ͷĽɫǿŵģŸֻʲôǿģΪɻԵοʱλҲ󣬵ŴĿͷֱսôĺϡ
ůģô˵ο塣
ǰҪڹ㳡ϯضӶҪſţȵ˱ʵʵ£ΣҲǶ䡣
ڼͨʵۼݵ
ֽд̫Ź³̣ȴǰû
ͷֻһԼŲš
Ⱦӷ£ҪдּʱͰԼдš
ԶĿɵһ㶡
͢һƬ̫ƽ֮ǰ˶ڲ²ҪʲôǾҪһ̼־óǰռ࣬ٲȻһŽأܹ̫ƽʢʲôдһдġ
Ұǰ·ӣԶǻһ徭ʫʸ踳ֻҪдƯȻܱС
֮ǰļԱˣ廪ξ͸ߣôصЩ
˭֪µʵȴҽ֮
һҽԾ
ԥʲô͢һƬ֣ƽƽȣʵë٣ȴǮ֮£û˸ᡣ
Щǰ֪ʶ˳֮Ҳ֪˲١
ҽ֮Ǿù缲Ҫҽ
˭ĸֱ˵вҪأ
Ҫ֪Ŀǻʵ۳ģʱȻҪĦ˼
һ˵ͻʵ־ֻ½ʿûɣԴȰˡ
ͷĳɫƽĿٿһԲ
ĿģͬʱҲҪһЩ˾жʵѧ
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ʻǳ¿˿۾ȥԼ͵
ʵ̫Զټ˶ڵͷģĴҴɨȥֻܿһĺɫֲ
ָϵ˵㣬ɵ֮ǰῼγרȥԾó
ƽĶۣԼǲ䲢˭ǿһЩȻҲСԪǵ˻ԾӲıŵ˶⡣
Ӳ˵ֻ˵ϡ
һ΢΢ֱӣЩϾ
ĻλȣȴûܹȫץסȨةվߵûǳة⣬лףйݣڶԪϴ󳼣и̣и뷨
λԵΪԪϴ󳼣ѡΪǰеԾسɣĲɽǷ
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ҪΪ⳯͢ƱҪѪ
ѪҺҪЩ˵ıˡ
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һʼʻǺڴģԽߣʵľԽ
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˵ףվϡ٣Ҫڳ͢úùҪڱʹ
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дĺרעвͿģÿֶҪдľĲУǰ滹ɫ壬ȵͷȫںЩֻܰĶд㱣ûС
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һ䣬ס˽Ų
죬úܡ
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˸²⣬ȴ²δڻĵܲĲŶԡ
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ʵȻû뵽Լ͵۰Ͱ͵ؿĲɲҲã⵨̫˵ԺҪĥĥϳȴǣ΢΢ͷ
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ɵĿһۣ죬ȴû˵
ԼܹȻǱŵˣԱѾйʿƣӷȻиһˮݹȥһڡ
ԹԵĴչȥȣǸȥͿ˲٣磬
˵棬һ𻨸ֱ͡
ľȣϾʴȷʵǺã˵ǰ˿ƾ֮·ôʾְקߵڵĹˡ
ڣ˰ӵĸҡһ˾֮𣬲ܲš
ƶ벻ˣŵ÷Ӧ
ֻ³ȥΪ˳ʿǣΪá
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ǣкʱʲô飬㶼ڶ𣿡
һ㶣ʶԼҶ֪ġ
žԼ֪
һۣҪһ²ƭģ˭ֲ֪ûУõĹ𻨸⣬ЩпĿ磬㾹Ȼ˳ȣʵ˾塣

ԭҪοĻʻ˶û˵ʲôֻ˸𻨸ס졣
ȻظԼķ䣬ţ˼ûýȥ
ҶѾʰ˻԰ԭԺǵģ㷴ӦɵõǣʵǿĲ˳𣿡
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Ҷգգ۾Ҫȥعѧ𣿡
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ʱСܹүˡ
񱦱ŲӣŤͷֻ۾˶ʵ˭ģ
ʯ֪أøӴģյ˵ţ׼ѴӸϽСͲݹȥ
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ӦһԶˣҶǿ»£
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˵໳񱦣ƽһҶԼԺһѰ˵ǻ£ǶȻǺ¡
ҶģЦҲ׷ʣ񱦵Сצӡ
񱦾ֶҶױ
֣񱦵ݹȥһԼļƽϡ
¼Ψһ˼ɵľֻĸʯϣʯ֪Ժû֪ʯǼĸĸ٣ܹң֮оЭ飬Ȼܲʯĵá
ʶЩȻ¼Ҳ˳ۣҲûʲô
ֻ̺ӣóԺúȵĹţԵһжϢ
¼λݹ˰ѱʯǸģֻҪ֪ʯ̬ȣȻж
ԼԱѻ𶼿ϧ
˿Цŵ޶ҲһĨЦ
ֻҪʯ׼⣬ô¼Ҿʲôüɵģȷ粨ȥ޳⣬ֻϣʯϲҪʧ
ɴѾպ飬ȻȻΪʲôͻȻ˻ʵۣҲ벻ͨ͸ΪԼǸϲΪԼˡ
벻͸ˣ´οֵʱʱǣƶʶġ
ŵԿͻŰڷŰǰҲˣڼһ顣
СϲԼ壬Сһ𣬺ܿͰüЦ
һֱϣҲ˵ԼǿҪŰ񱦶˵˵顣
ҶԾסһĪһ԰æЩˡ
ǡõ˶̵ʱ춼øҶ棬С˲ξСشӰǷŵ᷿˯
ԭϾֵԷֻʣ·򸾶ˣԵ
Ҷڴϣ۾ֱֱŴϵ˶ǽġ
ⲻͷؿҶˣ֮ǰ񱦶ʱҶҲȫˣֻҪкӿܳȥƵġ
ǲϣʵǺӵίۣ֪˸öʱ򣬿ɱίͰ͵Ķſʱ˭ܺķŲܡ
ʱ񱦻ùʱҶͬ˯̤ʵһշת࣬ܲȡ
һأ׼Լ
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С˲ԭȫעŸڵĶϰͷԼˣһʱЩ£ʶİַĶͷϣ˻ŵ๫ˣ
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Ҫתע⣬һҶĳָƣʵû˵ȷء
˵֮ʱ֣ҲΪ˵İŵͷ
ɵ෴ɴĺܣҶһұ¶˵аܻʱ֪ǵΪͰѽˡ
Ȼܶ鶼Ҳ׼
֮ǰ˵ϺЩмɻ䣬ҶС˵©죬ֻ»Ҫ鷳
Ѿ˳δּȴҲԼ˲ҵȻǿóףһµġ
Ҷȴû̻شƼ촽
С˲Ȼļûôá
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ҶʵĵͷȻͷñǼ˲ıǼ⣬ǰҳӡ
죬ڻ
Ҳ죬˰СںԼ߹õ
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⻰ĶУȴָжۡ
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Ҫֳʲôֻ߶
С˲ЩԺԼո˵ʵôòˣ
ǵȱ˻ҶסĲԼקק
Եͳ˵ţµġ
С˲ȴסԼ죬³˭ɸסϸϸָ
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ҲԼӵգЦ⣺֮ǰѾСشȥԺӶ᷿ˡ
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ҶףŴһʼ˾׼
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δοԶҪֳ¶ҶҲˣæ๫Ͻһ꣬Ҳȥ׼
Ҷ˵ۿΣҲиͬʿ
ֻҪ˰񣬼Ҫ׼ףĶȻһæµġ
㲻˵רĵĸҶüΡ
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ģҲûܵ㵽һȥ
ԼܻԵʱǶʮôһӾͳȥˣ
ҶЦϾ;ЩԾ
žգŤͷ๫ôҶ໭һüë
ŷ֣Լոմǹڴ㵣һᣬ໭һ
æҪòɾҶȴקסȻ˰ֻϾͻףصˡȻٲɣ๫ȰҰһ߻˵
ӦһҪ
ȴ˴桰顱һƿˣףҪűڣǲҪˣףΪʲôüë


156 
Ҷһ񱦷ڻﱧ, 񱦵Сȴûаŭ, ЦüĿ
֪תȥ˲ЩӲ, ͻ˳е, մˮ, һĲԼСĶ໭üë
ҶЦеĿ, ɵʵЦʲô
Ҷͷǵ⻹ͷһ⿴๫أȤúܡ
˻һ, Ҳ̧ͷԼҵ, Ȼ̫ʲô˼Ҷ˵ȤǾȤ, СһཱུҲ¶һõЦݡ
, Ϳ۾һģһüĿ
˵ոǾȺĻţڱһֻ޶, ĶƽʱĿˡ
֮ǰûгҲûӵʱǲָоġ
ʱǵùҹ, һһ, ϲΪ˲õ, ˽ѡ
, Լ, к˵ĶӣһƬ
˸ոŵҶ໭üë
䲻ԾغһԲĸҶɾ˶ͷŮ˵üס
ŤŤȥקҲҪ
ܴ󷽵ҲСһŶȻֱӣ˳񱦱۾ǿҶƹӾϲˣߣȥǰȰɡͷӵȻдţͻؼȥϲ
֪ո񱦶һһէǵ˶ү˼үӵӣӾ뵱Ҳûᡣ
ܱź壬ӾֻܹԹվãͷʵ±ŭ𲨼
񱦺ѾûƢҲû׼ͬӼƽʲô
˵߻ֶӣŤͷȥҶ
ҶѾϺױַ˷ͷϵΣЦסʮָۡ
Ҷǰ󣬵˱ϲˣȵףصıͣȴһֱûпӰҲûпһ뿪Сǡ
ʱտػ˼΢΢üǰΧסԼˡ
ƼЩŵĴ컨ʱǽģҶ
ǽһʹ˼ͼС˹֮ǰῼ֮ͷ˺һƼΣϵվ˵һš
εֱϴκҵö࣬һ׵̽ɣ˼ʱ򶼿ĵˣү̽̽
ѵ˼ûнͣҲΪ仰˲еĽ㡣
Ķǲμ˵Եģ֪˵̽ȻĽҲúõףء
ǲٵŰ׽Ҳ
֮ǰῼ֮׽ŮĻƽ񣬵ǵȵԽͷŵľͶǹٻ˼ˡ
˵ѧӲİһ׵ˣ˵˷
״ԪңҴҵؾɣ״ԪҲǻʵΪƽѡ
ǳԹңǻĸңͬʱҲǹĶӣվڻʵߵԼˣ䣬ڡ
ɶԺܶ˵λܲǵġ
ҹǿɶǴ壬˭ǵĶѰٻ˼ҸܺףʮҲȥץλ
̽ɾͲͬˡ
Ǹͨ˼ҳȻڼǸһھҲԼһϯ֮أھЩүмǮʲôֻҪΪ٣ǾͨˣûʲôҪġ
Թˡ
Ϊ̽ɣᣬòѣܿɹǴͨ׶̽ɣȻǵ˻ϲģԺǰֻ»ŷƽԳƵǿˡ
򵥡òصѲϡ
׼뿪ʱ򣬾˸¡
ҿ˿ԼС˶һԣҶԷԼ˶һŲɵöͷð
οɲûзϴεľѾСˡ
ƫƫԷ̫࣬Ҳ̫Ŀŵ˭Ҳмܲס
ʵûĻ˴ĵİŮؼңɵҸƼǱ߿ƹʱһĽŪڡ
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˿û˵Ҳûֱ̧ͦͦվһ
ֲɵ̣Ҫĸȥֻ¾ͳˣ
ֱѧʿǸʲôλ֪Ҳû⻧˼ҽף˼ܼ򵥡
Ҫڱͷˣֻ¶ȵģ
ɣҪܣھ͵ܣ
涼˶סˣ׼Ҫʲô̽ɵҲ·ߡ
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ԼСȻ㲻ûòҲ̽ɼ˶Ȼ⣬Լһôˣ
ˣϸȥǩˣôŵϵԵñ׳֪Ů֪ĻΪ̳ء
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ҶƽֲɵֿһɣЩǣɺǸСͯԼߵѵģúܣŲһıץȥô죿
΢΢üȴҡͷ
ʵ⼸һֱҪԼ͵ҳϲһټд³̷ÿֶ˳ʵĿϣ»ʸǴһӵĻҪ˵˵
ǳʶסˣû©
Ϊ֪̽ʵѾðգһ;ȫĹƽⱳҪǣ̸ڣвء
һ㶼ϲ״ԪǾǸ»Žȴ֮ӹţͬҲ̫ùۣȫΪõĲ࣬΢̵һ»ǿõġ
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˵ڵ̽ʱ򣬾ѾܿǵĶǵˡ
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˵ͷҶһ£۾ףŸпÿᵽԵģ۾͸ÿ
С˲գգۣʵôÿˣ
ǾůƵġ⵹˵ҲˣԼӾϲЩҶʲôóԵĶ顣
˵ԺȣҶǼ飬񶼲һˡ
С˲ȴЩãȻаָԼ۽ǣţ۾⣿ǻ𣿡
һ㶣ͱЦ
ҶȻ֪ЦʲôأЦܴȾģҲԾǣǸЦȻȥ˸˹˳ԡ
һװʵǳѰ˵𣿡
ҶҡҡͷЩǼæͲϣӳҲҪˣǶûϣͣҳԵˮ͵ģеģˡ
Цס
ҶŪЦ峺۾ȥʵ๫ʲô
һĻصû
С˲βѰŮǰԼҲʲôϵֻܵͷҲϵ⣬ӣŵû֡˵꣬ҶͺĿ๫ΪʲôԼԼ
סԼԼû¶˲ž
Ҷɵõɴ۾Ǹʣ߳Ǹϲúѧ˵ģ˸¶Ȼֹס棬ֱӰַŵȥţ๫أҲ𣿡
ءšһ
С˲קַŵԼϣ˳ؿԣ
ЦЦϲԼӵŬ̽ľһоһϣȤζ㲻Ϊ˵ˡ
̽Ҿͳ˾ε˼ҡ
Ȼ״Ԫ۶ЩҹǿɶǴ壬Ѱ˸ʲϣҾͲһˣֳ̼ȥûʲô̵ģ˸̽ɣҪùϵļҵż
ҲϣĶǿͣúдˡ
ȴȫӣ˼⣬ԵĶûҪصҲ˻ȥְѱˡ
һֱˣֻú׼л顣
лǿĸͷ¶ģڻǰҪһԣһ׵Բ˵Ҫʵ۵ϣ׵ǻҪȥȫ˱¡
չһǻ̸״ԪƷ׫̽ƷޣֻǷ޶⣬Ӧʱ򱻻ʵˣ״ԪҲܱõġ
ǸģûоԼǻʵת̫ô෴ͳʹϵ׽͸׳ʵޡ
Լǲ⣬ǵһʰԼľ֣
ſȻ׼ǰҪרġ
ţҲʱҡ
ûֱøӴţǺдһţ˼飬żȻǱϲҪʽЩ
ֻٶȵǱЩΪ֪صʯȵõϢ
Ϊһĸ٣³˸̽Ǽ£ҪҪҫ
Ϊһ˵ÿ궼Ҫӭһοϡ
ѰԱҪϵĳ°Ƿ񰲾ҵǷȸһҪıҪؽ̻Ρ
廯ЧԷ绯
ÿطٶ⿴صصѧԺ˽ӣΪľڴ֮ϼλ˲ţܷḻٳΪԼԵõõĿӶְ
ȥЩʯ˵˷еˣǿںľЭϣҲҪһźá
׼ٷҪȥұϲյõϢʯվҲˣҲˣҴҵľߡ
һԵ֣ϸæСȥȡ˼ϵĹٷѾ߹Լʯϡ
ʯǳ˼Ȼ˿ͳҹȻ룬Ǹϴġ
ȻѰҪøһͷֱζ顣
֮ǰÿһмѭġ
ʱ֣׼ôȥǴЩģ
ʯùñ΢΢һ٣ʲôƵģȥͭϣбڣϣӱصٺۣŪЩ
֣ԣ΢̣ȴûٶ˵ʲô
ʯԵͷӿǵȫɵӻҪһշǰ̣ҲӦġ
֣᣺ЩⱾϲ£ôֶ֡
ʯЦЦ΢΢ͷ
֣żñָʯ˱£ţĿʯ뿪
ʯ֪شһĵ뿪֣ϱ첽ȥ鷿׼Ҷдţһꡣ
ʯһ·ȷʵǿֳ˺ܴ󶯾ר˸Զ·Ϊ˶һɵ̽飬Ǹͭ࣬һ£죬ѡ
ԭҪȥׯϵģԶԶͭ죬Ҫȥƣûս˺סⲻҴҪȥ֪ү
ѱ˵һ㶣Ҳ״֪ʲô
㻹֪ǸұϲģϽȥ˵һɣˣ̽⵱·ˡ
ͷ˵ʲôѾˣӶˣˣ
Ҳ˲˵ʲôŤͷͳż񱼣źͷһ¾ǳŲӺ˰ˣ
ƫϷϷ׼㣬žûŶżȴҲԸߴ飬ֻʱʱĳġ
ԼҴӳŲ£϶һ
ϸæӷ˷ϣֻס˷ѾĶӣϵ۾ǵѣʲôа˲ɣ
ƼԼ׺ϱĨһϵĺСŹһߴһߵңɣˣ
һ£˰벽˵ʲô˵аˣĶ˵ģ
ԭͲƤˣϱϲͷԣ˺óһ·Ѿͷᣬ˵ĵġ
ԽԽƽʱûãƫƫѻЦ
ʱͷͻȻ
ϲɵÿ˴ţѻϲֻ֪߶ˡҲڻع˲²⡣
ӣعͷѵϱϱӵ֣첽̨ס
ȴҷֿһ۾ͿվͷʯΧвٴˡ
˶ģΧ۵İա
˭Ƹ֣֪ضˣȻ˲Χۡ
ʯڿϺ忡¶ЦݣǰϲϷˣϲϷˣɽѾ֮̽ǰ;


157 
̽̽
˻һ, ס, ΧΧ۵˶ڿ, һˮν͹, ʱըˡ
Ѱʵ׿ƾ·ô, Ѱʳ˼ҴֶʶдԼֵĶ, ȻЩʲôһ׶, ʿͬʿ֮Ĵʶ潲Ĺ°ˡ
ǣ״Ԫ̽ۻǳġ
ͷЩӼҪͺһ, ǿ֮һٹҪϴ컨Ÿͷҫˡ
ֻһεĿÿֻܳһ׽ʿҪȴǴӸضĿ, Ҫж졣
˵ʯ֪ĵطŲ, ܵ˽ʿѾǶʮǰˣλ⵽³ˣ֮޽ʿˡ
ɵ˽ʿֱӿ˸̽, һ˵Ŀⶼϡ
Ҳһ, ӺŻع
Լڶ, ȻεԼӻиʲôĺǰ, ϶ŷʱ, ôá
Ҳиƣζûʵ
˼򶨣ûϲʧ˷硣
ǻ˻ƽǿаסļЦŵͷʯ֪أ뵽С
ʯûоܾЦŽţʯĶڵĲۣҲкŽȥϢ
ڴŹرʱֵۣöϢܴȫǣ
ЦɵǺǵģ·ʹûзӦ
ɵ⸱ģŪ÷ҲЩΣȴҲ飬ΪԼ;ͣ
㲻ŵڣҲǶĵģϵĸţϴСʶĶ֣Ȼ˸ܿ̽ж಻ס
Ѱ˵Ǹϵڱһ飬һһ޾͹ȥˣɷۼŴβУԼҴҲ꿼겻УĪ˵ǽʿˣԶȥܿһ׽ʿԾŵ㣬ѧʶ˵ȱǲɵġ
Ϊɣĺá
ԼŲɽ¶ˮģֻҪеİ仰ġ
Ҫǣһˣһپһ˹ҲܵøƷְұĹٻ˼ң
ȻȲøŴ󻧣Ժմʱǡ
ͬģԺҲҪ϶飬֪Ա۵ĲŸҪǡ
ĺЩ¶˭֪ŤͷͿЦɵǺǵɡ
ѵĻϲҲǻϲģôվҲ¶
Ѿ߸¡Ķӣѵĸ첲๫Щʯ֪عϲ˲һҪôãܲ˼ҸźȲˮɡ
ѱôһ̷ӦͷԶԣҪ׼˰ڷ
ʱڷʱˡֱЦץĸ첲Լ๫ǻϲͿˣŤͷӵȥò㣬óò׼һ
뿪ϾͿ
÷Щ֣ͷԼȷûմʲôۣصһۣʲôأ
һַڷϵĺվЩǵû뵽ô󷽡
׼ʳҪӣĲٳֹ¾֪ЩһССģƺʮһͷӣļƽǮȴǹ
ѰԼӿšǽڼúܣɴЩ͵ġ
ȴѵ˼ҲһһܳϢˣǼĸֻһЩʲô
ŷϣҪˣȴô䣬ԼǰйʲôƵģֻǽı˱ϣʵĵӿɱҴˡ
ȴһ£ԲԲϴЩţĪҪӡ
æ˰벽СһַŷϵһֻĶӣЯ˺á
緽룬̽ܿʹʮ˴塣
Ե˼ңĽֻ»мʣʵ˻һЩϾǺģƼƵģֻܿǰȴܿࡣ
ԵЩڲͬΪ֮ǰˮʱΪҵӺׯǹӶ˵صũµطڶ࣬˭˭е׹ʣһԶǵĶҡ
Ƚʵˡ
˿ʲôڷڵʱǮֻҪͬЩϵģٶܹǵĶݡ
ʹÿﶼҵĺôǸöңֻûĺӹʶһܺõġ
ҰˣЩָҳԷҲͰȡ
֪˶үҪ볯Ϊ٣ȻĻϲףصҲﲻ
ԭׯ׼ũ֮£¶ϻЦĺϲ£죬ϯˮϯ졣
ֻʱﲻ˭Ҷӣʹ˼͵ĺҲûչǰҪСġ
ϲװ׵дţҪСĽβܸڿӡ
ծ鷳˶۶˼ﶼǵرµط͸߶һꡣ
ʱɣͷͷϣһĨծǴ
ڴӸϾˣ˭Ҳ˭鷳
С˿ûбҪ¶ͬĻóס
˵ղյĲҪĵһ׮¡
ҹѸ֣µİѷϺͶʯͷеһֻΪʱʯͷѾ˯ˣֻзһʯͷĺ󱳺˯һ߿ѡ
ɱֱʣ˵Ҳ䣬ֱӵ˵ԺЩҲҺ˷ӣȵģŰʯͷȥ飬Ҳú񱦴
˻һϱסˡ
Է˵ԼҶܴǸ׽ˡ
ΪɩϹҲԸΪȥĻЩ飬ϴδ³߹¶һֱ˵ǽڼ˵ȫΡ
Ƿһֱģ֮ǰΪأ˭˭£ΪЩɵıºļƣԽ˽Խ¡
ԭöȥ˾Ǳһµ˭֪ȻܼǹԼʯͷ
ѧ⼸ϵڱһ飬ҵķЩ¡
˯ŵʯͷ֪˵ʲôСӷ˷ס˷ϵĸ첲ЦǺǵģƺ˸Ρ
ϰʯͷ£ڻܿʶжѵá
ܽѧȻҪ˽ҪãҶҲˣʯͷû飬Ҫ뿪ĶǶõ¶
Ҳ뵽㣬֣µǵġ
ϲΪ۶ӣǲԸҲ£ʯͷѧһġ
ȴҡҡͷһ㲻ôѧԴˡ
óԼʵѾͷֻ᲻˵ڣһ֮ǰҲʯͷôʱסԺͷȥˣҶÿ궼ҪģʱʯͷһҲˡ
촽ͷȴʯͷøЩʯͷҲá
ҲʯͷС֣΢΢ͷ
գ֪ݺʯһţ˹ϲҳ̽˸Ҷ
εҶǽңݸרģĸ֡
ּҡ
ĸһңûˡ
ĸٶôԭԴ˻Щ΢ʵҲͣˣ׾˴ֱ˵˼
ܻ˳
ϵĴɩϾǴЦȥأһҾͰŵĺӸˤһء
ɸæȥ˺ӣһһߵ˵£ˤʲôɶǺˤ˲֪˷ѡ
һָŷɱҵĶ֪֪Ǹýʲôˣ
ЩûĻصûͳȥ˵ˣ֪ݺ֪үרȥ÷ңνǣ˵Ҽҹϣǿģ֮ң㻹ҪȥⲻϸŶ𡣡
ĺץҪӣ˻۶ûĶȥֻǴ£Ϊ˭Ϊ㣡ҪſУڱŷҹϵѰãСһǮһ٣ǸɵǺǵĶӶȥˣأǶûմ⻹ģ
Ա˭׼Ǹ֪ݺۼб£ߥǮ񣬻ҪʳӵĹϵˮģ
˻һһӲ֪ô졣
֮ǰۼҵȷʵ⣬ŵʱ֪ݵλȵۼҿ⿿ס÷߷ϵĹϵһۼңӶ÷ɴеЩô
˭֪һڻؾ˵䵭ҵĹϵ
ۼҵˣǣ˷ɣȻѳְæûİ´Ͽ֮æӦӦݵģ˺ȴԼմ⣬Ͼ͸
ǸСģëֻϻ¶ԼҲͲᣬת˵ˣǱǿסˣǵЩ·
û˵ֻЩĿ
ⲽܿ⣺֮ǰҵŮţ˵ھѾҵ·ӻС
ɼǸ԰ɵõ빬
⻰ھʣǶҪЦ쿪
ﶼˣѻ㱻ȥҸˣ֮ǰǰ־ʹĸ㡣
ǾͷϰƽʱҲûʲôӣ֪һͿɾ˵Ĺִżأô˵ôȤͻˡ
ʶȤʵʵĵȵѡؼҴҲǺõģȥǵĹ˼ҪҾҲӰؼңֻҪͽһЩҵ˼ҵġ
ƫƫﲻϻȴıߣòĹƽһҪȥҪĸ
˼Ѷ˵˵֪дؼҵǱϲǵģ˾뾩ǧ֮ң֪Щأȫ˵Ļƶ빬
ϻҵʱţŲɣҵ·ֻ߲ͨܶŮԽԽÿף˳ĵ˼ȻǿԽģû˵𣬻ʵۺ󹬾һʺ󣬡˵ʱҿ˿СĽſڣŮò绨Ȼܱϵģʱڹ˵λЩմ׵Ҫıʹף
ЩԥŽɵĿϡ
ϱüһۣ߷綮˵ڳŮָ˭
룬⻰ͷɺܿתʵˣ˺ôΪҪء
ԥһ£֮ǰдŻ˵ȱǮûͨϵ빬ҲҪӵġ֪ûʲôǮܸһЩԺȻߵýЩ
˻һû˵
ǴǿƢһͭ嶼Ҫֿݶ˸飬ͻȻ˵ҪǮǻԥЩ
һҹھǮʱ˵˪Ƶģѿ
Ǯȥ־ýѡ
رϣֻǿҪ³ȥˡ
ԼŮѡˣһжõġ
ʲôңʲôɵģŲϡ
߶Ĺлʵۼ£Щæ
׼֮£飬ԷҪ鱾
ҪдףصıͣӵҪæͬŲմء
һֱٽ빬ӣţܵƬС
ø˸ĵҶһȥ԰רͤа齣ͤӵסһ룬˸硣
Ųײ࣬ԼȻڡ
͸ɹյůġ
ǰҶĦεߵ˹Ҷ
ֻǰϣҶͷɢҶԼϣȻָصĸҶĦͷƤ
Ǹܻƣ͵£֮䲻ͷһôᳵ·ƵĺãŪҶ۾
˿ԺҩĻͷԼӣЦЦˡ
֮ǰһƬҵĻ԰Ѿþ
ЩԭڻҩúõڻȻȲĵ¼ĲöˣԭϼԺıľ£Ƽ˳ۡ
ЩҶ֮ǰԶ֣ǹѵ˼ۡ
Ҷ̧ۿ๫Ҳˡ
üͣͷüףһҬظιҶ
˶û˵ѵõס
ҶĦ꣬ǰԼ췢
ǰЩǲģͻüһΨҶ˵ԼѵõȤѧıʲôܿ졣
췢ʱ˵һ׮£빬ȻǻøְҪھǡ
Ȼ仰˵ĺƽͻС˲ͬϦദ꣬Ȼó⻰沢û̫໶ϲ͸Щǡ
Ҷɵƫͷʵھǲ𣿡
վ˿վԶˣȷ̸ͤߵҶǰŸΣһҶڷһھǺõģֻҪΪʵĵԺǰͶҪ˩ˡ
⻰Ҳ²⣬յõĽ
Ϊһ׽ʿֻԼǸѰⱾ͸֡
ţҪ̽һݣ˭֪Щӳϵף⣬Եһ㶯ûС
û̽ɣЩѾ
ĿԼܲ٣ֻҲҪס˼ԺҪͻʵͬͬصĵˡ
·Ҫߺãʵֲס
ԼᱻֻۣδвԮ
ԹŴҪʵ۵ı£һ뵽üͷ֮ǰλɱôصˣ᲻в
Ҷ֪˵ǳʣЩ棺๫ô
Ҳ̹ϣҲΣֻغɵĹˡҪ֮ǰٲҲա
ҶƫƫͷЦŵİɣȻûвġ
С˲ζ԰׺ģȻʳԵĲһЩ׺ҲǾĶĪ˵ֻ̡
ԼӵǣҲٺҲ²ЩǶ˶Ҷߣ˻Ӵƣʿ̫֮Ҳ̫ɣǸƢģҾνˣԺ·ߵüѡ
ǸһӣδЩǡ
Ҷԣס֣Լĵ¶ů΢ָ⡣
ģС˲Ҳ֪ĲһЩصؼĵ˵ҲǸֱӣ๫㿴ֵҩĻòã
̧ͷ˿̵á
Ҷǿļ磬Ϊֵʱ򣬻һ׳ǸֻҩĻܳøߣᵽ¶
ԣɵõͷ
С˲λ˸Цŵ⻨֪Ҳ׵ġ
Ҷıǰο⻰ȴһζ
ǰ֪ŬϣԼΪβ֪
·ǧõʵ۴࣬йȻòĽϵ鱾жٹжգɲһܺù
ңѾ϶ˣǲ޿ˣֻԨɡ
ſҶһĨЦҿĻƽͨ͸ﵱϻۡ
С˲οɲ֪ôֻ࣬΢΢̧ͷЩϲãģ񱦱Ժģ
뵽˰ѺҲ
ֻǣԼкüûԼҶŮ˿У׼úú׽£˭뵽һƲҶΧס
Ỵ̂ѾкüûпҶˣڵüȻȵúܡ
Բ˵ǸúöСҶرסȥһί
Ҳ֮ǰӣԼЩֱռλãҶ˸˭קߡ
񱦼ԼûطˣҲ͵ܵи緶ҶߣһקѣһֳĿӣǵӡ
ӲԼͬҶף
˵һܺõѵܹõܰ棬ǶڱѹסҶ˵ȷʵǹڳЩ
ɵŲŲԼ๫æֵ
˭֪չȴǱӵģһҶϡ
С˲㶵ĿȥͶƽűһһ£Źƽ
Ҷ
Ҷ˵ʱ񱦵ӻ˻Ρ
Ĳ٣ӲҲǸޣСָ첲СȣҲ᲻ȵ
һ˿ţȻˤġ
ȻԼקأЩҪԱߵŤŤ˳ȥᶨԼأȻûע⵽񱦵Ķ
ǣ񱦱ȱסʱƼԼҴӵקŸʲô
ţСӡ
̧ͷĶãĿ⣬ԼСȺԲСƨɡ
Ҷæһק̺ס䵽ȴֹסЦһԵҲЦֻǿɲǶôĿŵֻܱȥš
գգ۾ֺǺǵ˵ܵף
Ȼ÷ʲôֻܴ˸ǷԴ㿿Ҷ˯˹ȥ
ЦǺǵĵȵܴܵˣ˵ܵ
񱦵ԴԼӦֹһ񱦡
Ϊףʵ⼸ӵƢȻ̥˵óҶԼ
ԼҴʲôãǹֱЩҪԺѽ¶˵ʱùĻ֪˭ء
ɲڣ㿴ӿ첽߹վͤү̣˵
Ҷӵơ
ûдȥǵʵ£
С˲̧ͷ˵ʺҪ빬һ𡣡


158 
ϻʺ֮ǰ˵ҪҶ빬, ¶Ҳ֪ġ
ֻûϵ, ϻʺѼʱһ׽ʿ빬ʥӰͬһ졣
¹ҶԵ鶼ҪһЩ
һҹ, ܲµıǻʺ󲢲׼μע⡣
Ϊον, ڹⶼҪ׼˵۾Ȼһ׽ʿ, ҲͲ⵽˭빬ʺ
Ҷ˵¶ʱѾǵڶ峿ЩĿԼ๫ΪʲôҪأ
һҶһԼĿΪ, ΪԼܹеġЩǼҲкô
ϵǴ³Ǻõġ
ǳʶĹ, ԽԽҪ˵˽, ±˿̽ǵĹϵӰ쵽Ժ;
ϻʺҲͬĿ
Լ˵ײ̼˼ңҲûҪŴ, ԸǸһͻʼҲմײ, ȻûҪѱ̱¶˿
ҶͶЩƲ̫, ˵Ҳ͸ŵͷ, ŤͷСصǾͲõ׼, ʱҴĳȥҲһġ
СӦһǽõİ󵰷ŵҶ
С˲ÿֱӰѼ, Լҧһ, Ȼݸ๫Ҳԡ
Ͳ, ʶһ££Աá
ҶһĶɣ๫۵ˣöЩһ
˻һûڣСؾȵͷС˾䣺ү̣ͳȥšȻ첽뿪ˡ
֪СˣЩΣȴûֻܴͣչȥʣµİ󵰳ˣʵĶˣ
Ҷ΢΢ƫͷȥˣ֪ģ๫࣬ٳԸ
סҶ֣ҳԱˣأҶͷЦҸÿķοɺã
С˲Цͷͬһȥҡ
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Ҳͷ񱦵ԴЦеĵˣԲ԰
̽İͷصԣ񱦹Թԣ
񱦴ӦңȻҲҪԹԵĺòã
գգ۾ЦеӦã񱦹Թԣĸġ
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ƺҶʣЦеĵ⹬ʲôǿģǷд̿Ͳ䣬žЩ󡣡
˻һһԵĹ˶ͷװû
ô˵²ҲҪѵ˼һУǵ谮ãĪ˵߶ŹˣҲѧʵǰǧ̸ɾ˿ԣҲû˸Ҷ˵֡
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Ҷǿϻʺգգ۾ԥһ²ŵʺ
һϻʺ˹ˣֻ̺һ˵һЦҶš
С˲αͲѰŮӣӴúܣϻʺĻĸ˳ƺҲϴκ˺ܶࡣаָϻʺգҶЦü䣬Ҳˡ
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ϻʺӦһȥŲˣҶЦţ񱦶ϻʺһ񣬵ұףӡ
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159 
ονֺ, ˺һӣյõɻҲһϦ֮ǡ
ٰҲǴʱ֪, ̽Ҿ̵ӣָҾ̵Ľ׾ƽ۳ۣȻý׾ƹ, ȴвЩؼҴմ֡
˽ﶼѽ׾ƽг̽ƣƺһ̳ؼҾմϲ
ǲϲһƵģ׾ҲЧ, ҪΪǳʴµ, רд˽ֻ֣Ͱָ˴
һƬ, ϻʺ빬¾ԵϢ
һһȥû˹ע, ֮ϼƺҲûиıЩʲô, Ȼ⡣
ȵӻ˵ʱҲ˹ְ
ԺޣƷְλ, Źְߣȴľ˺Ժģƽı׫ʷگ֮Ļ, ϽӴĻ, ҲֱӴ͢顣
δܲ, Ҫƾˡ
Դ˺Ժ, ϱٻؼ÷, Դ˲, ȴ߶壬ÿ˵߰˱飬ҶҲעЩ
ûҶʵæ϶ٻԡ
ҶʢһԲԻص뺲ԺǸܺõĻᣬȻҪŬЩİɣԺ˶ġ
Ҷӹ룬˽۾ȴǿһԵ񱦡
СһҲŵˣȻ˳ԵĲҪЩ嵭Ӫģ񱦺ϲһԷĸоҲŸСҶ߳Եÿġ
ҶһӲţЦŵĻ˰ɣ£ܻͲҪ˿ɺã
̧ͷŴŴĵãס
ҶһЦչȥСһ£ҲͷԼֶСǰɺܶࡣ
񱦽ŵֻ岻ܸˣòã

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ǰöססʯͷȴԼֶӸסˡ
Ҷûô࣬ȡ˿ԲŽҧȥ۵óԵúܡ
ҶϲҲЦǰնöͽ裬ô򣬼н֭ţͣȻˮټ뼦бá
ⲻҶͷһ˵ˣʹҳ˵ЩͷͷǵҶϲԣ˵ʳÿÿ󻹻Цž̾๫ⶼ֪
ϻҪĿϴЦׯ˳ӣԲֲˣұؼ㳢
Ҷ̵ͷϲġ
ʵĳӽлؼңԳ˵ûʲôܸЩǮãú˻ܴӶõǮ
ӵʧԼģһ㶼ںˡ
˾䣺Ҫף
ҶҡҡͷǶ˷ѰòԶȥԾͺá
ЦЦͷ
ſű鿴ζԻԼüë
ӿԼҶү˴ǮģмʵǷ˲Ϊľܳׯ⣬ոţҪǶ̵ͷӾҪСˣ
ӲҶܾȻƽʱŲ£Ǵ
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СǰһֱעԼֱ̱վãЦŵ飬ү˵¿꣬Ҫġ
СȻڶǱǰͷڸǾηǰͷ
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һֱϵĶܴϿƾ֮;͵ǣﲻڣҪúտܣȻҪȫ
Ҷű֪˼ĽЦЦ΢΢ƫͷ๫ǺˡƽʱԼ๫ﲻ̫ɣȻҪΪġ
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ʵʫԶеȤûƼȣҲûк, ǳ, ʮС
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ʶͳ̸˵صʱ, Ҷƽ־ĬĬһ, ſ, ר־ĳǰ档
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۾Ͷཱུ
СһղŻԼСڴڣһۣɵɺã۾߶߶˯ˣ񱦹ԹԵġ

Ҷ߹񱦵ĻһЦ񱦵ԣ֪Բԣ
̵ͷԡ
ԼҶ˵ϹķҶѾЦӯӯĿֻܵͷţԵúܡ
ҶЦģĬĬذԼ۾װ˯
ûԼֶӣֻȥϴ
ڰҶüʱ˵顣
Ҷ꣬ɵգգ۾๫˵ɿҪȢˣ
죬תù˻ӣһһߵô죬Ҫʹ˼óһһ״Ļʵɺã
áҶͷԼ䣬Ỻ˵๫ǻûüɡ
ҡҡͷʵ̫࣬һŵʱ䶼ûС
Ҷ˵˵¶˰ۣﲻȥأСľӪչ˺ԼľûʲôˡǴᵽʯͷ¶ɩɩͣɩɩ·ݴˣﲻģû
ͷʵʯͷʲôʱ
˵ůЩ͡
ϸϸĸҶ˻䣬ŮСɵſûỺǾʯͷŷѧѧȥѧñˡ
ҶӦһ
ɿҶʱ򣬺һЦŵӵÿò
ҶҲЦü䣺ǰ๫۹á
һվŵСزɵõͷȻѾϰԼҶүͶʱʱԣÿÿȡ
Ҷѣʵȥδ֣أ
С˲峺ȥһٹҪˣҴСػĪȥϹ俴ʲôġ
˵һСصȥ緹
СӦһȥ۾ת񱦱š
ӵҶ׼ˣݡ
Ҷգգ۾ʲô
һϲʣһû˵ֻܻͷ˿ܡ
ϣڷŵĳ˱Ѱõ鼮ڴĳǼֵеᡣ
ļ֮ǰ׼͸Ҷƽֵġ
ҶҲЦ۾
Ȼ֮½ˣձͬҶһźǳȥһҲô⡣
תۼ䣬һʱҴҶ
֮ǰѤõһ˸ɾҶҲ˷ѣϸŻ꣬ϴһŴܰ㣬˲ٸʯϺͻ
ԭ͸ϻʺģιǽв룬ҶֻܰϻʺǷݳˡ
죬ڼ񱦹εʱƼҲڷ߶˼
˼ͯҲǰźˡ
˼ѰС˲ͬûиǩҲûǩѰĳرȻͶͻصǵĸĸߣԼȢǰ̡
վ˼˵˳ģȻĻǸһ㡣
ԭҲôģ˼űĲʱ˸⡣
˼뿪Ҳſ񱦵ĹΣǵ֪˼ѧΣ
ԣɵÿһۣԥһ²ŵѧʲǸӣȻȲүĴϻۣȴܿ̿ࡣ
ͷû˵ȴԼǲǸ˼鷳ˡ
˵Ļʵڻ˼ȷʵǸĲϣǷ֪ͬ˼ͯҲϲ°µ˱̫ѹסȥ
ŸղԥǺ¸˼ǷǣͶ˵һ䣺ү˼ǸúӣҲģǵġ
񱦵ԣ΢΢̧ͷ֪гϢǺ£պܲܿƾϳͷͿԼıˡ
˻һŪ÷Щ֪롣
ֵµȥƾ٣
Ѱ˼ҶЩбµģڼĴ˲֣ôˡ
Ƕ˵Ӳּɵ˷ˮƢʹҲûһࡣ
ο˼ĵҵ軧ֻжûгԹǰԼˣиǰ̣ԼҲֶΪ
һۣҪ飬Ҳպ󿼸
ȴԴҡ˲˹ģܾʮʵ⣺үɱȤңҲɵģ࿴ֶͷۣ黹翴˱˼
Ŀڵ˼񱦸飡
ԣֶ̰ӻһ鵭ĵտ񱦡ŤͷߣͷҲأܿʧȾͷ
ӣ
һѱסӵĲӣϣŴŴĵ£Ҹ㱳顣
ԼҶүһ仰˵Ҳûнȵ˼ֻʵʵ񱦱飬һᡣ
ûȥ鷿ǻԺӣһţͿСŸߡ
Ǻһ֪ǷƷȻԼҶ΢΢ȵȣǺ
Сæվסˣ˸񣬵ضүĻǻүģ˵Ըɣ֮ǰӦͻ͸үġ
˻˵úЩɻ󣬱ǰȥִľӡ
棬һ鴮ģÿӶӨ͸Ρ
źӽݣŵҶǰʱҶɨһۣͼ֮ǰ빬ʱͬϻʺ˵Ļ
С˲գգۣ鴮ƣЦŵá
֪ǰҶߣסҶʵã
ȴû뵽ԼˣȴǷ絭᣺ˡ


161 
һ㶣Ҷһʵ棿
С˲εͷ, Ұξ, ˵ĺϸ, ϻʺ˵Ļȫס
, ܿ˵ס
˺ͷ鴮ϰ, һŵ¶, ʱҪ֪߱ȽϺá
ҶЩ, ʵΪΣ
֪ϻʺǼҪӵģ, ôҪŲ˵
С˲ε, ¾ûʲôġ
ƳҶɻ, 㽫ϵ鴮ŵҶ, ʺййϲǼ, ǹ, ǼȲǻ׹ҲǹٻԹ, ǱտڲΪá
о仰ûֱ˵, Ǳߥ޻ʺѡõͷǻʺӡ
û, ʵҲǰѺ·ס, ֮, ֻҪʺ, ôǾͲɸʵۼ¡
Ȼǳ͢Ա֮УһЩϢģϼҵȨƣȻԵ˼ҪݣҲܿźóһɳ졣
ڻʺУǾǵ·
һûУֻǸҶ˴ܲ³ʺ̬ȣɻʵǷ֪顣
ɴûе͹ϣ뵱ϼҵʱ򣬱˵˵ۺгĻҲˣŵ֪ݴ˲ԼŮתŮ
Ȼϻʺ󣬶ϢİϢɢôԼ˼Զˡ
еĻʺѾڲ֮أԼĳı
ҶԶȴҪСĲԼǣʼµȥ
ʶڲ˵ǰʺˡ
ҶһҪúǸѧϵĹΣһĵͷʾԼῪڣȻСأСҲ̵ͷ֤Ȼһԡ
״΢̵ĿҶŽϲʺ
ҶദˣԼӵ˼
ҶӲΪ׼ȥֶԴ˭㣬ǶԴСֻ󹫼Ҷʮƽ͡
֮ǰ֪ݵʱ򣬾Щ𾪣Ҷȴֻƽܣֲ¡
ũŮĽȴ˭
ҲΪϻʺݶر׽ֻϲ˲Żں
ȻС˲ζǸˣҺãұá
һֱָ׼򵥵Ƿǹۣϸûʲô
鴮·ŵ˺ϺݸҶ鴮պˣĪҪ񱦿ǺӼԺõúܣһҪ˵©ġ
ҶҲԼֶӳڵļæӹ˺ӣ˳
ֹ˼գڹⶼһƽͣûκ쳣Ķ
ҶûԼӵҩĻ빬⣬ԵʲôûҲһֱûյԼ
ڴѡ빬󣬻ʺϲڴ˳
ʱúãѡ֮ǰʽŹŮͻĴͻ飬ͻصͻأҲǳȫ˲Ե
ЩҲùͣлʵ빬ǰ˵Ǿ䣺Ůӣ磬ȻȥҲȱſ
ֻǻЩͨ˹ϵǮҪڹƽŮӣ㱻̵߽˹ˣŵٷųȥ
֮ܶȻֻлʺһ֦㣬Ӷû
г˵ۺ˼˾֮ǰĻǵ졣
ǻʺЩʱ򱬳Уǻ˵й˳г裬ߥ޻ʵ
ЩǾľѳۣڲá
йϲ鼸ͬ죬֮ǰ˵ɢȥĻãٰն⿴ֽ֣վϲͺģʵۻʺܳɾͼѻ˺ӣⲻϲ£
Ѿ빬ˣʵ̬ǼõģЩԱŮûбܵ˴ͻ飬ѾǺ£ûʲôģЩϧҲҪĵϲģߵл
ϻʺͷβ¶棬ĵڹ̥Ȼۺгɪɾһμѻ
ѡʱҶָŻ˹
һΣϻʺЦݿʵĶࡣ
̥£ҪСĵʱҶͻҲûֵֻɡ
ҶϻʺߣǲһԵԲϡ
ϻʺһν̸ܶ࣬ü۴Ц˶ϲģҶ󣬸оϻʺɿˡ
ϻʺ۾һֱڻϴתЦҵ鶨ˣҲ춨ˡ
˻һ˸졣
֮ǰĻԵԣѡͻ飬﹬ⶼæúܣһг䶨ҶƽֵĻ±Ҫʼﱸˡ
»첻µز£ɵŮң˵Щɬ
Ļǻϲ
Ի˵ҶƽеģǸһѪӱ֮󣬻׼Ҫ޸ڵ޳ʱ򣬼ʹ糤ҲСŮ̬
ϻʺЦŰϵӣһҶһ޺ˣ׼ҲҪ׼ȫͷҲҪȥʲôҪõģЩ˵˲źãȻ׺ЩҪķ滮ˡ
۾ҿ˿ģ£ֲûǮ˵ƽأܻȫġ
ɻû˵꣬ͶϻʺЦŵס죬κһƬ
ϻʺɵõģԺӶȻǺġ
Ҷһӷŵԣ˵ͷһĽӿڣԣ׺ܺá
û˻˵ֻӡ
Ҷǳһھ͹˹úܡ
ҰɣԵġϻʺĿζЩ䣬ᣬ⻰ҲְҶʣµùƵԼԡ
ҶǿŻĹĵգ㲻᣿
ûڣϻʺƵĽӿڣᣬ𣬳ʲô𡣡

һȥȻŲˮࡣ
۾ȴ͵͵ϻʺ
Լһɩԭϲ˵ЦƢ𣿶Ա֮ǰǸǳüչģڵʻ١
ۣ֮ǰĿ̫࣬ʵס
ϻʺȴûôƸУӳ꣬ĺ˿ڲ裬źʵھ˽ţѼһ
ҶҬţ⻰ȰĶ£ֺ˿ڲˮ壬ŵ֮ǰʹģ˵ڼסˣϾ
ϻʺָһҬ֣ŵǷҲûȥƣҲȫТġ
ҶЦü䣺ȻҪȥģҺܺãɩɩҲܺദ๫˵˹٣زȥȻȻҪһġ
ϻʺĲǺ䣬ǰ䡣
ͥĸʺɩ㣬ˡ
ϻʺȻҶϵãҲ֪ϵǳǸ͸ԼöģΪ㣬ȻҪΪõ࿼ǣҪһʡ
Ȼйҵ̽˵ܱȲԼ˵С
ϻʺҶǸ˵ѷ̫ƽƢеãȻ⣬̸ЦҶҲԽ׽
ҪòһãδҲףϵЩʵ
ֻҶûϻʺ˼һԵĻС
۾мشתȻ֪ǰѾ˸߰˰ˡ
û׵ľһԼһɩʼƷģ͵֪ԼҶƽֺʵһ·
ҲҪˡ
¶û˵ŻȥҶƽһȷ˲źãʡĿջϲ
ϻʺ˫ӣ»ûԻϲ״ѰиЩ󶼻ϢҶˡ
ȳ˵ţ˲ûǳһߣҲ˵˵强
æų֮£ҶҲҪٳּѰܼһ档
Ի˵˲٣׽ȴ࣬òҶôͶģȻĻ˵һҶƽδӣһҶƽֵĵãû¶˵һ˵ҶɵȤҲܼ顣
Ҳ˵һ׮飺˵ʯ֪ܺã³̽ɣǹܻܿˡ
ҶŤͷ˿ͻȻʵҪҵģҸ๫ģ
һ£ʶԼ˼Ҷˡ
ҲЦҶɰɣʯ֪۳žҪǺ¡
ҶͷЦż¡
ţҶͻȻ˸㣡
Ҷɵöס˽ŲŤͷȥ
֮ԻһߣǴ֮˲ٻݣѾʢš
Ȼ⹬ͷĻŹؾصģûҰȤʤĿڶƷϡ٣һԴԵŸۣҲġ
Ҷȥʱ򣬾ƼһŮŸӣƤд죬Ʋģվڻ֮е۾
ɵÿ˿ҶʶŮ
Ҷգգۣϸϸһ죬ȴ˵ʶ
ļԿɲãֶ࣬ܲÿ˶
ҶŻ΢΢ҡͷʮֱֹĵʶ
˻һû˵ǹŮѾɫ
⹬Ů
˵ҲãǴ빬ģͬܶһԺͱͷĸûʸ۾
ʱ֪йϲ¶أȴΣʶΪ˾һʱ֪Լòж಻ֵһᣬÿĻãҹŮ黭һҲѡôʲôġ
Ҳڡ
ԼǮ֣Ҫľͱָ֡
˳ʱԵŮӶ˵߾ߣϾȥ䣬ûҪͷĺš
ѾǮôθģ
οӶԼжСֿտյĻȥĪ˵ԼˣǸĹĸܳץ
ĻӶûˡ
ѡ˹ŮҲã˶ˣʣֻҪмϵĻᣬȻܷ֦ͷ
ȴû뵽󹬱ѡ
ûӴͨϵûκιϵ㱻ȥ£ֲˣ˿̱˹֣Ļͱ۵ġ
ԹŮ˵գǶ˵Ŵ̫޻޲ݣܣǻݣ
ûƤͺˣصʱЩƤ
ҶϲΪҶÿϣΪ˱ģЩϲˡ
ոպһȷʵΪ𾪣Ҷ̼ӣôڹ
һžǸ
⡭ôܣ
Ҷ˵ʶҲͲ棬üͷĸūţˣСеģô㲻ء
æܹϻ̳Ͽֵĸ񣬼ûһȥֱӰſ£ŵ⹬Ůո빬ѧòãūʹȥ½̡˵ţʹ˸ɫйߡ
ͷϵĺˣ̹ؿɲڼʱ򵥵˵˵ģʵʵҪģ
Ҳ˲ȥҶˣڣˣ֣֣֪ˣҡ
󣬾ͱò졣
Դ׽ͻǶԴȴŮƣĹŮ㲻ʵüͷɩԴҲ̫ʣǹߵĶˡ
˻һΧ˹һأﺰð
ĿͷһԼųԹ䣬Ǻ޵òУŻȥúúʰʰЩˣȻԼȥ
Ҷȴûʲôоǹ飬ûаֹϵ
Щ뼺޹صˣС˲δ񶼲ġ
ֻôҲǸ¶ҶͷŻˡ
֪ҶǼŻȥûΪǣֻ˾䡰²ΪͬҶ뿪
ǹһͨĹˣܿ
ҶصҺܰ鴮񱦣ֻ⴮鴮̫СҶԼһ񱦴Ϲ䣬ֻǸȻպá
ʣû¶ץ˾Ͳʲôϡġ
ʯڵڶһˮʱƼ񱦵ӣЩȵĵƷ༫ãӺδõģ
Ҷգգ۾ϡ
ʯϵ˵ͷϡúܣƷģóȥܻˡ
ҶѰ²ʲôʯģҲûͬ˵ֻ˵˭֪ⶫȻֵǮ
ʶ룬Ҷţͷɲʲô鴮Ǻüټӣ
ץ̸ԣ̧ͷֺǺǵĵӮġ
ʯһЦôӮģ
룬ŵӮģ
⻰˵úʯϲ̫ףҲûʣֻͯͯֻЦ˸Ӹԡ
ҶǿʯϣЦŵĵ硣СڴһʱʯϾ͵ˡ
ʯЦº͵ĿҶ˸˵ֳʱҾҪֻɫ¾ϢûжЩҲøЩˮǹ԰ʵģ㳢
ҶСؽӹӣС˸ͳţ׼ϴһϴٶ
ʯϵԵò̫żЦֻҶûеθڣֱӵŻ๫ûǻͨ˵ʯ֪ٹ¾ܽˡ
˻һʯϾ͵ӡ
ʯ϶ԣעĴֻǰ顣
ʺû޹أ˭״ԪҲûйֻҪϵĶûйһк˵
ںլʯϺԼΨһȱľ̡
̣ӱ㲻һˡ
֮ǰʯûз飬ʯ϶δָ
ʯҪؾµٵ飬ʯԼĻᵽˡ
֮ǰ飬ˡ
ЩƲס飬Щ٣⡭𣿡
ҶĽţЩ⣬С˲βûʣֻסʯϵ֣ģģ׿˵ģϺܿʯ֪أҪ˵һٸԭְǻؾǿ϶ġ
С˲ξ;ȵĿʯϵˮ
֮ǰҶϿʱʯ϶ûп޹ʯϵˮȴ䣬ֹֹס
񱦼ˣԭڳԹӣͰѹӷŵһԣ̧С֣ʯϵϲ˲Ŵ̲ޣҿ˿ץӵݸʯϵ𣬸̳ԡ
ʯϱǰٸнֻŵᡣ
ɣոеЩҲɢ˲٣Ȼ˫ȻʪģѾЦӹ񱦳ԵһĹӣлл񱦣ԡ
񱦴˿ģЦݣͷԣ񱦹Թԣ
ҶǼʯЦˣҲģֻйʯȴᣬִ£ֻӰŸʯϣȥϸϸ
ʯϲûеСذϴõĹӶͼҴҵȥնûеš
ֱҶԺ棬ͿĪӴҴյҶߵ̣¼ˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ӳʲô
¼ҷ˽¼˹ȥ˵Ҫء


162 
ʯϾλ, ¼, ϵЦݵ, ˼յƵĺȲ, ȥƽ
, ֪˵ʲô
ܽϣʵֻ¼ҵĳѰ˵Ҳġ
¼Ϣľ, ʯϵ๫ɿƾٵԱûٿ, ȴ˲, ͬʯ֮һɻԸȢ˵ʱŵʯĵá
ʯ, ںԺǵõأ¼ܹھҲǽʯơ
ȵʯ𱻱, û¼, ¼ȻѳžĴ, ˵սҲΪ
¼ҵĺլǷ, Щ˲ں
ֻҪܹ׬Ǯ, ǣһжá
ʯ֪ǵЩ˼ʶƶκ붨ʱܳɵģ˵Ҳƽȣ๫ʶ, ͬ, Ҳ, ֻվԵѾҲ뵢๫ֿҲˡ
һԵ⻰ɫЩӡ
ǲϲʯϵģȻʯ˵ԣҲ˲ɿʯǰ;ȢԺմ⡣
ҵʱʯ˼Ƣ㣬֮ƴѾΪӵϣŽ׷ᡣ
ǵȢ˼ɾͲˣ䲻ᣬҲսѵ
رϳʯ˿ɸǾʯǰĿװġ
ǽʯϴкһ棬˾²һ˵
ʯҪ飬ҲǴ˵Ŀ֪ġ
ɸһʯҪ룬ĵһӦʯϷˡ
ֱͦüͷ壬ͳĵҪụ̂ԺöȶҪ¼Ҹ㣬ȻڸѾ御Ǻ룬ţֻһնȥ
˻һʯûзӦһźͨ졣
Լҷ˹ʲôӣû˱ǸǸʲôеĶҲû˱ס
Լҷԭһù¼ԺȺսľҲ֪ôССôţ
˾ΪҵΣ¼ҺլþЩѪһҲ˰ļãүҵĵӻǴӷҵģڣ˵˷ַһ㡣
ǲҪƤ
Ҫȴʯס
ʯϿ˿һЦ
ˣҲˣǿһͦ񲻹ĵĻ̲á
ǰǸƵˣһģȵúܡ
ɲǩ飬ǲ鷳
ʯ̬ƽ͵ؿɣỺүҲ԰ѻ˵ףҶ¼御ЩҲûж㲻ûпҲûðɾҲùԺԹ
⻰ʯ˵ΥģΪͺ޲˺ƭԼĶ
ǳլ͵ݼЩ˵Уȥַģ˭Ҳë
ץסص㡣
ʯȷʵûпҲһֱ䵭ȴηԵɡ
ɿʯ̣ãƤԼ߲ŶԣôʯҪ룿
ʶľвԾȴ벻ﲻԡ
վһԵЩż
С׼ʯϿϣԼ͵͵ޣ˵ĶʯϵĲǣľŮ׿˵Ҫ룬˯ͷʱӦʱ
ʯϹ¼ң¼ĸ׼ĸϵģʱǵճӣôĺܡ
ֻǲɿڣѾ¼ϵ˵ȣɰЩ겻ףΪ룬ѾˣԸҲôɲǡ
˻һʯϾ֪ǵ˼
ƽʱʯ˶٣ǿվˣѾûʲôԱѪˣȻᷳ
ʯϰ㲻ЦᣬקקԼӡ
ӱȴǵʯϵУΪ˲ӵֻˡ
ǿʯһ統ĿףЦԼ̫ࡣ
˱ǸŵƢģôôС˼
Ȼû˹ǣɼ̱ð˳ź鿴˿ʯϵԣĲҵҶƴãֻ²ܸ㡣
ʯϵ㣬ľʹϢδ¼Ҫл£Щҵ鷳
ϻɫ᣺£ԺԼͺãеҲù
ⷽ棬ɵǲġ
֮Ķ㲻ʲôǴ󷽣ɹ
еļˣǿ¼ҵĶԼҵģƽ׵ĸʹã
סǣѹһӵǮ˾͸ˣʲô˲ã
ֻ⻰˵Щһֲı˽ȥ
ЩΣȴûзϣֻǶʯϿ
ʯȴƲһ㣬˵ûܿóֻܵ˵ͷãͬ⣬Ӻ޵Ĺ԰ʲôҪӡɡ
û뵽ôɣȴûͣ٣ȥƱվ˺ӡʯҲȥǰɷƵģһץһԵŹˡ
ģ֮ǰҪúƴ¼ҷˣʶڽӹʱ˫ָ߾٣ʩһ񣬿ȥ⹧
ٶû˭ע⣬ɶûƣ˿Ѿʼ˷ܵȢ˭ҡ
⾩ȨƵ˼Ҳ٣֮ǰǿʯϷҵģڱһ·
ʯȴǲںʲôֻƽվȫûЦ
ƱУͬųȥηɣȻٰڳԼĵıȥƭ˭
ЩпЩˣǽ֮Ļϲ
ЦЦҴĥ̫ʱ⣬ֻҪʯϾ;Ϣ
˶ʯϿɣʳôһֱʵĻ֮䣬û֣һ滰΢٣ʯҩҵӣ֪ǲ֪
ΪɣҲžʯϳǾҪҹƭֻЩ鱾Ͳ
ʯԣؿһۣŤͷߡ
Ӹȥʯϳš
Ӳڱﲻסҧ򡭡ӣȻ֪ʹ˻ģΪλҪǾôˣҪȥң
ʯ΢΢۾᣺浱¼ǰ㿴ҷҪµģɵƢ˽͸ϸȴҲԼϵ滹ûеǸݶϡ
ӵǴӲ֪Щϸ룬־ÿϧˣ¼ֻӲӣ̫ˡ
⻰ʯϵЦѹ͸ŻլҴǸЩϵǮҲжٻǮ֪ġһƬƽ˽ﵽ˶ӣһ
һһ£ع˵˼ǡ
ʯȴû˵Ƶ˼¼λϲֻĵ߰ɣҵѾ޹أ࿴һ۶Ƕġȥ԰סҲЩõģȥ
ʯǹҶͬģҶҲ
Դ֪¼˺룬ҶȥЩСҲصѧҶ
Ͼھӣϱûв͸ǽĶԽǽڴ
˵Ҫá
˵ʯѾŮ
˵¼ҵͻȻǮھȻӶĹĸ
Щ飬ҶֲǸˣȻûϵһ
иʲô֪ĺ๫ˡ
ԹҶչȥקקӣ๫Щ۲ۣ
ûж룬˵ͷ
ʯʯãҺҶϵãҪ¼ҲҪ˼ʯϵ棬ʶһֱ
ʯϺ¼Һ޹ϸҲҵ˻žµҤӣ֪̳֮УʱҪ֮ǰĲó⼸춼ڶӵ飬Щƣ
ҶЦʾСرѾЩȥһԵ᷿˯û˺󣬱˴ϣɺá
ûзֱӱԼӸˣŷӦ§סҶüͣỺôˣ
Ҷ§ļԣɵ֣춼ʲôģ
ְȥŴʵĳỺãǱ뽿ˣǡ
ɲ˵꣬ҶȻϣЦȻ๫ˣſãҸ󡣡

ŵŪ𣬵ǼûմȣҲ˷ӦǼȻ˵Ļܲ˵Ǳʵʵתӣſ˴ϡ
Ҳ΢ڵһԼ˷ܡ
оҶָں΢΢۾ʲôҪͬ˵
ҶЩȣȻЦ๫ô֪ģ
Ѱ¶ֻܹ֮֮ŻôͰҰԵ顣΢΢ƫͷЦſһۣ˵ɣҴвӦġ
Ҷ²ͣ๫Щˣܲװװæ
ҶⲻͬԼ֣ۡ
ƺǰˣǺǻҶŬİֵЩҶӲ˵𣬿֪ԼıԼҽ
һƬỺлл㣬
ҶǵͷףȻֱӣŸոյĶлģ๫˵˵ӳԺҪΣ
֪Ҷʯϣ⾩մ״ʵģʯϱҶ׽ѡ
ʯϺ룬ҶȻǣҡ
ʯϵ鱾ûʲôģص֮󣬻кŻŮ
ҶЩ棺ʲôŮ
Ůӵһ֮ΪԺԼõضǿԵġ
˵̾һ仪ҶƽֵС
ʯϣΪʯУҲΪܹʯϺ룬źö¼֡
ǻͬʯʯò٣ʯδȻҪġ
Щͻûйϵǻ׹ݣһӵĺôĸٻ
Ҷƽֲͬ佫ڳõҪЩģһвΪҶƽ·Ժڳߵƽ˳Щ
ԼҴ˸ϾȢӣҲǺøˡ
ҶΪʯϸˣɵſϣ§ס˵Ĳ°ͷľѣչȥֻ˵ӳʲôûߣֻԼ޺ͼӣĪ˵Ѱ˼Һ룬ŮҪòٶġ
Ȼ΢۾ʯ֪¼ҵǮʲô·ģҲ֪ǼҺ¼ҵǻȫֻҪǮʵڣúܣﲻΪڵǣŮԼĴ㡣
Ҷ⻰׷ģϵЦҲ
Ҳǣ˭˼Һá
С˲Цӯӯʵ𣿡
ҶףǺõģҼҽˡ
棬ԡ
ԼӵǱһˡ
⻰Ҷͷְ§Щֻ§§־ͱ˵ط
ԵĸоԼ޹ǵϸƵؿڣȻҪ̽ʱһסҶ֡
Ů˵Ƥϸ壬ƳУȥͬһǣʱǰ
һſҶʵʲôأ
Ҷ۾ȴһЩϲĵ๫Ͻʵ࣬ǰǰ㵥ʱ˲١˵ţҶ۾תת
ԼǸոԼӶֹֻǿĿʵһ㣬ȵġ
һʱ䣬֪Լڸò֣ƫƫʲô˵ΪҶ۾ɾúܣֵЦûУȻеΪӻϲš
ԽԽûš
˻һ㣬Ҷѹ
Ҷ˫γӣã
Ҷգգ۾һ˼Ȼ󻹰ǿƣȻЦü䣺ؿڽʵˣҲˣȣоء
ȫ̽ﰡû˵꣬͵Цڡ
Ҷǵ˵ͷԣҰչ˵úܺá
ȴҡҡͷζҵ˼ǣúá
С˲Щ⣺ʲô
ס˰ŴʵĶдҲĽӣֱӳϣɴк£ס˴ʼ컴⡣
ҹɫţڲֻż˳ʵķ϶๫㣬ЪЪ
ô
㶼Ūˣ۵ġ

Ůû˼˵ֻд齻ζʱ֨ѽ죬ԴҲֻʣһˡ
죬Ҫ˰Ѵӹһ²źã΢ͳʵЩˡ
˵ڶ죬Ȼûаʱ۾ʱѴԼӱЦеſڴ߿
һʱ䣬ЩҪתӰ񵽱
ҶСȥ϶룬ת첽߻ݸҸ㳢
ӹţζãʶʵཿˣʲô
Ӳ֬׳ģˡ

˵Լãθ仰Եø
ӹһ۾˿ҶͻȻ֮ǰҶ˺˵ԼĻ
ʱţȴûЩŶȵġ
ÿֳʲôȵ˵ڶ죬ҶˬˬģƲκƣͣÿζϺһӡ
֮ǰӿЩˡ
ɵţԼǸС
Ҷûע⵽Ŀ⣬İŻصϣ׼ϴ
ʱ򣬾ô
Сص洫ү̣˵үʯͷүѾʮͤԺҪˡ


163 
ʯͷ͵, һ·ŵˡ
½·ˮ·, ˰, Ѻʯͷһ·˳˳ĵִﾩǡ
´󣬾ҵڶɿڣƼܻţܵһʱ߼֪
ҶЩ֪, ֪Լ๫ᰲźһ, ǿȫ
СصĻҶŤͷʯͷ, ȥӭһӭɡ
ͷǸȥģڿ쵽磬һȥׯ÷ӷ磬Ҳóʱ˻üﰲһ¡
С˲һյߣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀʵĸׯ
ˮµûڣǣŴչȥҶĶͷ, Цŵ˸óӵǸ, ϴλԲ
ҶƽϲԣóԵĶʲôǵöο, ǼԲϲĽ, ĻЦ, ͷżչȥ򢣬죺ãȥδϺǰɣҲϡ
Цŵͷ㣬ʯͷʶһҲáзҲϣԺʯͷҪˡ
ҶӦʹСسȥ񱦡
£Լʰͣԣ۾װɰ˼ۣŤͷ˿ѾӽͷĬһĬĬĸԼʢһ˶ӡ
ܹǲӵģЩû
ҶŽ񱦵᷿һ۱㿴鱾˼
Ѱ˼ҪźģֻѾæģ˼ʱǺһȥ顣
ദĶˣ˼ͳչ񱦣ڰ񱦿ʰ÷Ż鷿
Ҷ˼վ̣ү˯ˡ
ҶЩȣ񱦻û𣿡
˼æҡͷǵģ磬ʱүȥҷ飬˲šš
СشӲ˼ĽͷˣȤֻǿһ˵ĵĽˣ˯
˼æͷСЦЦ
Ҷֽӹ˼ŵ鱾Сص˼Ҳˣȥ跿ЩЪһЪл˵
СӦ˼Ҫƴǣְֱקˡ
ҶңŴ˯ССһһƬ
ڴߣȥ˯ҶɵߣӣֱӰԼֶӱ
Ȼ˯УȴԾҶգཱུĸ첲ҶĲСľѣʱСһһĵģŪҶǲԾľ
С˲ξ֪ͨΪĸʲô飬˵⼸ӶıԽԽñġ
˵ĸԵǸʲôоС˲Ϊĸ׻е˼
ĸӣСС󣬰İװ֣ôһڻʱ˭أ
ҶȻˣȴû˯ֻţ񱦵ĺ󱳣
ԼҶԼ˽⣬񱦺̥Ĳͬľɢúܣû¶ʱ˯ǲһѹ
Ȼһʱ䣬񱦾ͻ۾
˯ѵСһﻹЩԺŴŴĺĪ裬ʡ˵꣬ͿԼŵԼףЦݣʹĴչȥСҶգҲ˿˿ģף
ҶԥİСһŶһ£Ȼ㱧ߵǰϵˮݸЩȡ
񱦹ԹԵ˫Ŵɱյߣܿͺȹˡ
Ҷ֮ԼϣЦʵȲȣ
ҡҡͷŴŴĻصˡ
Ҷù˱ӷŵϣ񱦵˵¶ȻҪȥ˳ԷҲҪһȥ
һ
һ㺢ӲͬѰϲȥ棬ϲץȸ񱦾ֻϲ顣
˿еʱ䣬鿴һ죬ҲȥϻƣƵúܣȤﻹֻ͵ףϲ
񱦲⣬ҶԼҶӵķĵܵöȥǽ󲮻ʯͷ磬ЩȥҲЩ
˻һ񱦵۾
ܸܵĲȫ׵һԣͷСƨһŤһŤģȥȥȥȥʯͷ磡һȥ
Ҷɵʵ񱦻ǵʯͷ𣿡
̵ͷصǵõģʯͷܺãʲôǵá
ҶЦģ
Ϊ֤һСץסҶ䣬ģ񱦼ǵʯͷ񱦺ã֮ǰ飬˵ᱳټյġ
¶񱦲˵ҶҲǼǲˣϸż񱦸ջ˵Ժ飬һ䣬񱦾ͼǵˡ
һ飬⺢ӻܼǵֻҪŵġ
С˲θոˣҲͷԼӣ㲻֣϶Լ๫
Ҷðһ䣺๫
һ͹Ҷ
ҶЦӯӯĵţҲ
񱦣
˵ͨˣٸ߷Ǳһá
̥˵ޱߣǾ㲻Ҳ˵С˲εĸ˾
ʱѵû˯һӿС
ʯģԼ԰ֳõģۣ֭ˮḻСһŵʱ⼷ϣһԵĪӱСĵİԹԵİͷϡ
ԭë򣬼ԵÿģչҲſߣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ͰֱιߣˣĪӸԼɾ̵ȥסԼë򣬵¾˯
񱦰С濴ͻȻԹԡ
ں˵ҶɵŤͷЦʵôˣ
һĻصãǺø硣
ǿ˿񱦣أôã
ԣ˿ԼϣѾˣ룬̽ͷȥһ¡
СЩûʲô͸ˣֺǺǵ֣¶˸ճСɰ
Ҷɵñסĸ첲á
ԼһЦʵôã
Ҷļ񱦰飬Ҳ飬ڣԺȻ⡣
㱧סҶļỺȻҵŮȻҪŶԡ
С˲ЦеʣǶأ
ɿ˿񱦣ֿ˿˻ŵա
ҶЩ仰˼ʣѾͣͷӵү̣ׯˡ
ǲûȥʮͤˣڷׯ͡
ǶҰ磬ׯ¥һ㶼˳磬һ¥¥ճţԷĿ˲١
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Ҳ޶˳¥
ѺʯͷѾһˡ
ɼԺվȥͱסԼҶܡ
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ƼԼҶȻϲʤɿЦŵŶӸǲģɫɱ֮ǰǿˡ
ЦЦǽչ˵ĺá
Ҷԣգգ۾һ䣺๫㲻˵ú𣿡
һ֪Լӵڶû仰˼ҲýֻͣܺŶͬصȥԺٸ˵
С˲Цеصͷð
Я˵Ҳյһ
ʯͷϾԴЩûôõӣ뿪ʱѾ¶ˣȻˣŵܵǰҪ˵Ǻֹܿס񱦺Լ治ʶ
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¥ʱ̥СҲͰӷ档
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ʯͷһۿѾٵ̥ϲˣǣȻŤͷ񱦵ɰҸ
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̥Сöǻûѧ˵Ҳûл
İĸܺ棬ץ̽۾ʯͷƣ¶˸ЦҪֹȥ
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ʱŤͷһۣʯͷ񱦣Է
ʯͷСڶûǱű־Ŀ־壬˹ȥ˰ӣɵúܡ
ߵЩվСȣֲ˷ԼߵǰץҶĿȵι
˵ԼԣҶѾȰЦӯӯιԡ
Ҳû˵ʲôֻܺѵѾͻؼˣ˰ŵģҲҪŻȥھǶסЩʱաԥֵľãǽ׾õıׯϲʳһҲи³̡
ԣͷӦ
Ǹѽعºͷţ˿һ̳¾ơ
뵣ű˱ǣѰҺ͸żָˡ
ѱ˵ԼղȾƣζ㡰סһǺξƣ
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һڣζЩȴ˸𣬲ɵõⲻ˺ȵģŮϲġ
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˵ʱ򣬺ȴЩס
񱦺ʯͷͶθСԳЩͱˡ
ҶҲǣЦŵȥɣֻĪҪܣĪӺСصﲻźȥЩǡ
Ӧһһ˱һ˷
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˭
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ʵ֪Ŀģ¼ҲԸѾʲô¶ˣƫƫ¼ҳ˸Ѫң˷ҵǮ˼ˣǮƽӲټˮ·ԴˣһӾŪ˺üӡ
⸺ˮ·˵ģҡ
Ѿ˲׼¼ҺúദھҲǾĽ㣬˭ú棬ֻ˹ֵúܣסýȴҪӣʡ
¼֮ǰӲ䣬ɶܶҵһ·׷Ѿȥˡ
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Ҳ˸Ƿһνӡ
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СһŤͷĪӻ۾˯ˡ


164 
ɱһס, ϵĶʱ, ˼
ǸСӣǿɿ㡭
, ôҺԺƺǾΪع´, ʾĪչ˺ʯͷү, ЦŶɹֵ, ӽС
ʶعµ, ⾩, ҾѾԼ, ˺ü䷹ׯ, ¶ع³ġ
ǹ£ʵѾǰ֣˭ֱ档
, ˲Ĺ, ûʲôµġ
ǰ, ɶȻ񶼲ǽʱͬ, ¼ѾұƵǽ, Լոͷ, ֻ¾䶼ȥ³ȥ, ֻԼҪҪ첻ˡ
ΪͿ¼Ҽҵ, Ѿɹؽü, ָɾ
˵, Щϵ̰ȴҲ֪ûϣǶȻҪȢ¸ţʱֻӸѡ
Ʋع£ҲԼɷ죬ϱЦⲻعǹҶү˵ģΪͨ
ع´һɣţȻԴ˼ɵЩŵġ
Ƥ񣬻̡
үһʪĿӻЦʵס
ϣعµЦһºͣҲƽĺܣ˵ˣӣ뿪ĪҪ˷ʱ䣬˴źá
ȴô򵥾뿪Ҫ˵ԶԶȴ˸ˡ
ǱߴӴ߽ģǴҴҸɡ
Ѻʯͷ飬ԭû׼ģʡĲ£ɸϽ»ؼңսžС˵¶
˼磬ҲٻȥˣǱ̻˱װ
˼ŸӣͷԼүʯͷү׼ᣬǲ̫޵ģ˼ýСģˤˡ
֮ǰ˭˵ʯͷǸĺӣԼҶƳ籸⻰ҲˣȻȻľʯͷһѶ鵱ȤԼ׼ĸá
һׯԶԶںԼɣɣ
Ų΢٣ŤͷȥƼԳֵɣԼһ΢üͷع¡
ɣ׼˲ֵýҲװû
иСԴ̽һ۾ϳǴĶʯͷЦСŹȥûɣְʯͷϱЦеĵʯͷ˲ٰ
ʯͷʵӡģǰڼʱÿֻܴԺһ죬ڲܼʯͷֲƵϲ飬ϵ
֮ǰͶǶ壬Զ壬ʯͷ̹ģǰȻˡ
ʯͷԹԵİͷ尲á
һϵЦݾͼ١
ͻᣬڣӶûӰظẢˣƫƫ͵ϲС
ôϲ񱦣Ϊ񱦰йͬ⣬Ϊ塱ĺܣȺġ
˸ԼģѾںԺжʱյ΢ѧЩĹ򣬱ûǵǸͷСƵİѸ˶ϣֻЦʯͷķʯͷԣ㡣
ʯͷ۾
ľд˼ùݸЩԵã鱾ˡ
ʯͷո۾ãȻͻȻ忴ЦеģʵͶһɡ
ʯͷǹɵĽӹʵĶлл塣
Цͷ
һһֱûЩͲסˣ۳Ҫʯͷ뿪ֻϽʿԺͱӣǳͷԺˡ
ˣס˻ЦݵҵȵȣҪ㡭
ӣĻѰôȻǺʧ飬ʵǲҪͬ˵ʲôҵļ磬ҵ绹ڵңԺ˵
Ĳֻ¼Һҵ飬Ҳġ
ѾˣֻӲͷƤҵϣҼүɺã
ȻЦƵģ֣֮֮ͬ궼ûУԡ㿴ع£ͿͰɡ
عϴЦкС˺͵Ļɼܳȥ
Ȼ⣬˵ײǸǸ˵ģû˶־Сһ𶪳˷ׯ
عһֱЦݣ⹧˳ֻżӵĿ˿
֮ǰԺǸعһյģƢʶعºס
ƽʱǷǷǻǺԣ̫ȵ
仰ȻǵģʲôߵǰǱ˲١
ǱйˣǱáеԼҶү
ȻûǹĪ˼˵ڸѧ
ǴС㽵Ķ磬ѧǱʶ顣
֪ع룬ֻЦʯͷֽ˵ţĪҲڸұү³۾ѾȥɣСϧСүĿӣǿǿöء
ֻǴ˸ǷĪ˯ðȻ
ȵ¥ѵһ۾Ϳ
Ϊ磬ԴܴܵǸȳУܵһһһ˹ﻹҪչ˵ġ
Ϊֳһӵ¶ΪɣＸѵıܡ
ɸոնԴж׽Դж飬ûΪ˹֣ЦеԼܵļðܾгϢۼ˴ء
Ҳ¶Цݣյ¡
˵ɴС羴ĻɾһֱǸˣȻĻ˵
ͻ٣һţʱʱĸҶмв̣ҲԵ֡
ع»󣬾Ͷ˵˵ոͷ顣
Ҷһü˵ʯϵʱԵһϺˣعơ
عºܶ÷ִ磬ûаɵΪ֪ƾ˾ү¶һʣ¼Ҳ⼸յˣûҪȫ˵ǶҲ졣
Ҷקקӣʵǲӳһȥɣ
Ķô¼Һÿַһһȴû뵽ԼͻȻðôһ䡣
ǱĵȻ죬û߿ͬСҶһ䣺ôô룿
ҶĿγͿ¼Ҽҵףӳȴ¼Ǹܻܻģỵĵȥӳ鷳
˻һЩȵĿҶžǡ
ѰЩ¶ǲҶ֪ģֻż˵ЩģҲΪ˰Լӵġ
ҶܴЩƴճһĽʵǴ
ִִƣƫƫ˼ɾֱף˵¼ǸҪƤľֻ˵ǻԵĴʶûУ˶࣬ϣõĿ֬һζǹζ
С˲βûзԼͣЩקһ£Цʲô
һƳعһۡ
ع˾һ˺üۣװ·
ŴյҶߵģ¼Թ˲ϾֻҪѰһ²ܹʱʳʯϣʯĹϵµ¾ͲѰҵġ
عһ£ԼҶ֪¼ҪѰ¸ġ
Ǻܿع¾뵽Щ˲²͸ȴδӦ㣬㲻ٿڡ
ҶǶΣЦ΢΢ͷ
Ǹʢһ뼦ԲϴЦҶԣǶԴκ˶ûеů͡
Աߵ˵һŤͷͿԼҶֱĶŶɩɩҪ۾ڶɩɩƵģԾرͣȥš
ԿôΣεļһ㡪
ɩɩǶļϵˣ˵һ仰ǾҪ鵽ġ
ڳ԰˷ѱ̥ЦǺǵĳô˻СһԼʶʶʯͷǺߣҶţӻˣʡǵӡ
ǺһƵո˵ʲô
̻ص磬Ѱ˸ɺõԺӣ˵еԶһҲ£ұȥɣܲһֱ䷹ԡ
⻰˵ʵ⣬Ҳûʲôġ
Ͼڵ˹סԼȷʵǲʣ⸽̼˼ڶ࣬εĳȥ㣬ԺͬҪͶء
ֻ˾䣺ԺӾʲôط
ḷ̌Ƿյġ
ɵͷͷع°ͷ͵ĸͣһ⻰֪үϵĹȻ֮ǰԼҶµԺӡ
һʼ͸ȫˣعºһھѰõطҪطãҪչȫģԶ̼֮ȴ뿪߷Χѡ˾ΧһСԺ
Ųȴܾ£Ӿ¥ܿʲôҲùȥæҪǣ˳ھҲദҶ˼ңǼõġ
ǮԼȥԺӣ͸˿ڷ˼˼ȥƣǡ
Ȼˣȴû˵ƣֻǵã鶼ˣҸӣ˰ȥֻÿҪԶٷźˣҲҪӼûǮСˣѡʵİţԺҡ
ԭΪҪһ˵ԼҶģӦʹ죬Цлл硣
ǿ˿֮ǰ㳭ġǡҲóˡ
ոյ飬סɵĴסԼܵĻ
Ȼһʼɽôżʶ˲ǺܵϺ˶ϸɾҲǺõġ
ƽʱȴǷǷԼܳ˲٣Ҳο
عȴһ㵡
ɶԶƳ籸٣ǰҲвӦ񶫼Ҳ̼֮׻ƽգôʹһΪٵ˳飿
˼ֻ֪»쳤̾
ԼҶķǳҲǰ͸ҴӻĳտװŪǧܹԼȻǺʵġ
ʱ֪ع룬Ҳ֪Щƣֻó飬ЦݣѸٵͷãлл磡
ֱۣ˱㲻ڶ˵ʲô첽ȥֱؼС
ڽһʱҸ֡
ʱиʯͷҪȥ飬Ҫһȥ￴¾ƣæýŲմأϻҪʱʱıʫģһ춼ˡ
С˲Ҳûڼͷţḁ̊́ȥʯϵĹ԰˵˵ǳԳԺȺȾһ죬ؼԺҩĻӣ˼еġ
ʱС˲ξæµ
֪ǲЧɱǰҲ٣ټҶڳԵĺ澢ͼ㷭һҳȤҪһԡ
齼ӹ֮󣬱ӷ㣬ԼڶԷҲ̹¶ûʲôüɻģҶҲС
Ҷ˵ǣıǰ˲١
յ**ЪҶֹ˵ͷָЩˣ๫á
ɵƫͷʵʲôã
ӺãúáҶһ˵һߵͷְ§Ľ˵
ɲС˲κҸԼͣʵ֮ǰճʱһܸ˲÷յ¶ӡ̣ºС˲ζСģֻ¶Ҳзִ粻Ҫٰ̫࣬ڷȡ
ŪˣҲǺúõһ˯þЩûԵ飬ڶо
Ҳ̲Ǻá
ҶЦ๫ǰŪһҪ۵˯ţȴܺ˵Ȼ飬ɱȵǿ˺ܶ࣬ɲô

⻰Ǻ¶ǽ˶ȴﲻԾƫ˵֣ŪЩûˡ
Ȼ˵ٲŬŬǹӵһġ
ɾҪŽһ̿оʱ򣬾Ҷи¶๫㡣
̽Ůתĳϸ֫ʣء
ҶǱߴ˴գŵϵҬ㡣
˯ǰҬ֣ζ𣬺ŵúܡ
ҶỺʯͷڻҪסһ𣬳ȥҲãֻۼҵط󣬿ǴãʯͷҪǵһԺֻ»ҪڣҾҪȻ񱦵ԺмţǸסſɺã
⻰֪ԼӶԹܼ¶ĵġ
ÿطаţլԺʱǸԼʹģûҪסһס⣬ԵĶ˳ȥ
ʯͷǿͣʯͷʱĵԼҺӣԴöȶҪһ
ԵԺҲȷʵû˵طҶĵӦġ
ȴԼĴ㣬£ٵЩӱãǼҲöþܱˡ
Ҷסһӣſ˵ؿڣ¹࣬ĿС˲ε۾Ķƣ๫ҪôԺӱ󣿺ͽϱϷһ𣿡
⻰ЦɵҶгҰǺ͸мǵǽͨⲻʹô
ڡ¼ң
Ҷգգ۾¼أ
ӲҲһỺҹɫǷ֣ѱʱլԺ㲻ʲôҪĶˣȻҪ
¼Ѿǿ֮ĩӶ˴룬ǲϼĿǱ˵ĻܵȴѲȥǮġ
⾩ĸ˼˭˻ˮΪ֮¼ֻլԺȱסԺ
һЦĪ˵ʯͷסĵط½ҪһƬҩĻҲǿԵġ
ҶЦüۣȥһ£ϲ๫ȱϷĻб£˵ʹ󡣡
⻰Ҷ˵ģȴ⡣
סԼת˸ҶȻһ⡣
ȵڶ죬Ҷѵѵı
С˲ζŴʣɵ룬ǰ๫ǷȣڲŪϺü顣
ô롭ںá


165 
¼Ӳù, ſȸ, ȽҵǴˡ
ż, żϵ飬լҲһϻ
, ԼլԺһ檣ܶ฻˼Ҫ徻öࡣ
ԼӲãòòŮӣԾ念Ѿˡ
Ӳʯڹլʲô, ȻҲԼǰߡ
Ϊ޲, ͷ, ʶʯ˵ҪֲҪӵʱ, ﻶϲúܡ
ĵʯϣɲ֪ŮӺլжҡ
ϾͲ˵, Ų˴Ǯ, жɶ֪, ûŮ˾Ȼ, Ϳļҵ, ˮ, ԴöȱʯϻãƫƫԼί
봦, ƫƫãΪ˸֮Ҳô
ҲǺģ֮ǰʯֶ, ǣʲô˻ʯλĸˣȻǸָͨţҪӣԼ°뱲ָ
ǰӣΪʯȻȴǸģֻҪַ־ܺúùȥ
ʯˣкӣλжû˱ǸȻҪʽ΢ʱҪӣҲΪԼȡ
ǣ檸ͨżϸҩӲֵ˲ʤ䷳
ɵ涼ѾľˣұƵý˲ٳɰϻǸմɵ֤һ·Լ
Ȼ˼ңֵͷۡ
ʵû˰취ҪϽЩǮתǵҪǮʱĺ˵Ҫȴûһͭ嶼ġ
ǰҲˣֻǽʯϣʯϵŸָѹĥ䣬ȴҧŰѸȫƫƫǰûԼ˾ˣʱȫû
ɵŹأϻҪǮլڣŪͷö
ĸͷԶ¼ңԴұǿЩΪ⻹Ϊ飬ЩЩ
˶ó˳˭ܹȸùϵûġ
ȴסˡ
ӹţһ飬Ǯ˵ףʵǲ֪ô죬Ǳìͷ׼ҡ
ǰҲɹʹĻֵӼֵģֻ¼ʽ΢Ҫôֻ±ǰҪ໨ЩǮ
ôüϺôȶ֣ԵǮ³֮˵
ʱѡգҪ飬Ҫֵˣ۶ӵģ㻵ҲЩ
һ磬ɱҪȥںͱЩѪ˵˵һžͿһźӵſڵš
Կ˿ͷЩ˾ȻǴſŵβȥˣ
ʵЩ׳ۡ
ԽԽԵԼüͷ壬޲ʹ˰ǶɢﰵסﲻãסԼҸڣǸտŵջҧŹϣ
Сæţ˵
ʵͷʲôأ
СæҸ˵ΪҶյˣġ
ȻΪС̱ھﾭ̶꣬ոյŭȻûɢȴץסС˵ص㣬æʲôҶĸҶ
СֱһҴصǵƷ佫ҶƽҶҷ˵ĵ׸磬Եţҷ˱źӳ͵ġ
˻һ
Ҷƽִ˾ﻹǺͷģ佫ƷϾҪгүԺȻһٻġ
ֻҶƽֲ¶棬ҶʱҲǵ͵͵ߣδ˷֪ǵĹ
˭֪ҵĿɽ˭뵽⿿ɽӲ
ֻúðһӦֻ̳ԼѿȴֱӰץ´
һ̣ɾԼҪ顣
ƺҪҪǮȥҵľ̵ġ
죡ȥסǧܳӣֻǰһ󷢺ڣվվȣֻܴȥ
һʼСģ֪˱Ͳ࣬С˲Ǹŵģɵ˼
һֱɷιȥС˶û㶮˭
֪¶ʱѾǰʱ֡
ع´ҴҶʱȻĶŵģЩ壬˵ƽº͵úܣңӸղų¡
һ춼ӦĿˣòϢŲյ̧̧۾˵ֻһ֣˵
ع±ʱһ£̳Һƣʮ̺ӽ׾ơ
˻һ΢ü⣺컯ӽ£Ҫʲô
عЦƽͣҲ뵭ģʣ¼Ҽµ
һԵʮֺ档
¼ҸԼҲ֣¼ǿ֮ĩžҪˣӼҧˣοǱģ鷴
Ӿ֪ѰҵֻӶ㹻ǮģײῪڣعôǵ˿ģ
ȴûϸʣֻǵҲð죬һĶиӣȥ¼⳥Ҳˡ
عԭǴŵģԾ˫ֵݸ
ɽӹƣ΢΢ͷŤͷӵѰ±Ҫ˼ȫԺҪع¶ѧѧ
˫ֱȭӦһЦеĿع¡
ԵûжʣҶƽֺҶĹϵ˺¼ֻ¶Ÿ뷭ǲܵġ
ˣҪ˼
ع³ʱûסʵع£ôǿڵģ
عߣϲرЦʱºͣ˵ҲУʵ˭
Щµġ
عȻЦţҲûʲôԴˣǰ˷ǮҲ˵ֱͨӴȣȻ˵ˡ
ӣ
˵عƺǼ˸ո˵Ҫ̽ӵĻĽŲ΢٣΢Цſӣסӵֱۣ䣬֪ʲôطʹȤԺһ㣬ãҽҲû̫Ǯһá
ż𵱳عһ֮Դ˵ĺùֻñסĵطĪ
ﶼиΣѧĻȻ⡣
ӾãԼҪعЦŴϱȵľ磬Ҫܾá
׮黹ûʼͽˣϿƽ˾ģûһ˿˿ڻûҶʱɢˡ
ܿ㵽˴鵱ա
ձأӹڳޣݱۺл̧
Ǻױ쳯ǣҪƸ빬ţȻ빫һߵݵۺȥñˡ
ҶΪҶƽֵãԭҪȥŵģǻ˴˻˵ţҶһ˹
빬ûдϺӣΪ׼飬ҲæµģȻµͻСչ˲
ڻҲûڿҶʱ֣۰Ͱ͵ĿҶ
С˲߹ȥס˻֣û˵㿴ΧվһȦĹŮ
ÿ϶̣зж׹ǽƳɣҫ۵ĺܡ
Ҷֻ۾ջߣ¿˻
ϵıһ˫۾
Ҷ˵ѰԼ¶ֿĿⶼΪʶҶ˸ӣһ룬ԼŰһ͵ߣ㡣
ոǳԹĵŵģֻš
ҶƽѡҲҪ޵ˣˣĶõ;òʵգš
ǵҶӵݹʱ򣬸ոյĽžͻȻʧƵģֻʣЦ
ҲԼΪʲô
żﻹǸкóԵľͿĵӣ̤ʵĺܡ
ǻҧһӣȻЦеĵǣúܡ
ôһԣոϺõĿ֬ˣһվŵָæϣҶǶŻʵĵÿ
䴽ЦЩĴӾ￴ҶԺҪɩɩģʵھܽУһ
Ҷգգ۾ʵʵҡͷԺܽУڻɡ
ЩȣΪΣ
С˲ιǹֱģҲ⣺˵ĿҪģ˵˺üģͷҪǷ֣ҵʱһ𡣡
Ҷƽ˵⻰ʵǺ񱦵ģԹԺ衣
Ҷ˵ȴûЦ֣˵˵ʲôϵ˵ʲôҿɲܡ
ҶȻйϵģ˵ѹܼҵԿ׺Ǯ䶼㣬ȻҪͬġ
˻һͿһ˾䣺¶ࡣƫƫϵЦֹֹס
˵ʱ˶վԶֻһֱչ˻˸ȫ
ҲȤүǿȫΪ¿ء
һ˵ϴЦҲǸոǰ˲١
ЦΧĹŮæױ硣
ҶЩҪһͷϵĽξ;óȻǰǺü̵ͷζȥҲֳصģС˲ʶӡ
ǳǲףŵĶкüء
ڻʱϻʺҶȥ˵
ϻʺ̥ѾȣȻ飬ȴ֮ǰǾҪ߶ܶӺá
ޣǹĴ£ΪʺΪɩϻʺҪƵġ
ҶҲڣϻʺЦԼߣһԵĹ˵ѰٹҶٹǸõģڡ
ҶЦлˣ֣ķŵϻʺСϡ
ϻʺһ
һĻԱߵĲٹ˿ȥβס۾𾪡
λҶǼģֻǵʱͻãɩɩСӵĹϵ׽ЩҲ
˭֪Ҷͨ󣬾Ȼʺﶼ׽
Ҫ֪ʵҪĶӣҪһӵԸеģ˼Ҷ˵ͨı¡
Ҷȴûô࣬ǺѣãҲҪá
ϻʺ˱ƫƫϻʺţǸкӶҪúһǡ
˭Լˣ
ҶϻʺЩЦŵɫá
ϻʺȷʵĴģûԵ뷨⻰ͷǺãҲҪл㣬Ǽ軨ҷڷУŸϲûôˡ
ҶԺȻĵͷЦü䣺ӦģΪ
ϻʺЦſɰٹѵӳҶǱơ
Ҷ΢΢գϻʺЦݽ
Լ˼ԽԽͷԽԽ࣬ĻԽƫԽϲһƬ׵ġ
˵ϻʺҶѣ˵Ҷãյúܡ
뵽ϻʺ˼ã۾·ŵҶϣ֪ճ֮ɿɻȥ
Ҷͷĸŵȥģ๫Ĵܶȥ
ϻʺͷ᣺ȥͺˡҲһ״ȥ
Ѱ˼äƼޣϻʺãȻԸ뿴뿴
Ҫ˲źö¡
Ҷ֪ϻʺ룬ֻܿǱڵ´Ļ΢̣յÿ
ϻʺذַڻû¡Сϣ᣺ǻܳĹȻڵʱ๫ҲȻҪõĶġ
ҶӣСõģδЩء
ϻʺǳƢ˵ȻҪ˵ЩӴ󣬸˻ô
ҶǸǵĻ۵ģϻʺɵ뵽Լ޸үĳʱҲһͷΣ·˷ɵõͷǣصĺܰ
ϻʺҶҶҲǺÿúܡ
ǵݣȴЦʱ۵ĺܣβģů
ϻʺӷȡһΣ̧Ҷͷϣ㣬͵Щлˡ
Ҷʲô

ҶһЦ˷лֿ˽Ļ
ڹעʱ򣬻ȴûлͷר־һԵ˵
˲ͬеضĺܣȻԱѣΪҪעǡ
ǲϲЩصģܾ鷳ȴר־©һǰ㡣
ظϣ˿һͷϱصЩղƽ⣬ֻסһԹ˵վȡ
æǰɸһս𣺡֮ǰЩŮӣȥ𣿡
һ⻰־ۡ
ʵȻаӿȴղװˣ˭
ƫƫ˾ҪϸҲʹ죬ҪүŮӣԻæǷҲǶԹá
ѰԻ鹬ŮǻʼҰţŮҲңڻʵ۲Ȼ˸ʵ۽Ҫһû¡
ֶҪүԺˣԭȴ̫
˭Ůϲǰռδ๫Ŀϯ
ҶƽȻϴʾܾרȥʵָۣ췢ľ檡
¶֪ˣûʲôʾŤͷȥ˾ļ˹ݣǮʮŮһԵĶǸʳĴ˼ȥˡ
¶־ְģԱص£ȥˣȥģλ˱쵽Ժ˵Ƕõ˷纮糯ûϡ
ȴûоöʹ죬һͷǵøЩŮӣʹסλϴˣҪǲҹҹϸ裬ǲǵġ
־ۣⲻҪЩŮͿλλֻͣ¿˶þҪȥһϿġ
˶¾ˡ
ȴӦˣֻҪܸã־͵£ǴϲӣĪҪ˵Щˡ
סڣƵֱ̧ۣ˸Լ䡣
һߣҶƽҲѾ˹ȥ˻ʵۣȻվſԼӡ
ͷһȴǻЯҶϻʺ
С˲Ƽ磬ЦЦȴûڣϻʺ뿪ˣ׼ȥš
첽ȥסԼӣСĲԼһ£ſҶƽ֣׼Ҷƽ
˭֪Ҷƽֵ۾ȴû￴ֱĶŵš
һŮӻ룬λ壬ž¸ͷƲݣǹ⿴αǼõġ
Ҷƽ뻪ദ꣬ȻϵãôһƼתˡ
һֱվߣҶƽֶûлع
ȤҲͲݣǼȤ˾䣺ƽ֣㶢޵ʲô
Ҷƽֱ佫׾࣬˵ʲôֻʵصÿһ
ЦеĵҪΣ
˻һ˳һʣ֪ҪΪһɾģƫ˵ĻǾò⣬Ǹһᱻ۵ģŵúܣԺҪԼ㡣
˭֪Ҷƽ˵˾䣺ӣǱɻõġ
һ£Цο
һԵϻʺǳЦţҶˣпŴģȴһĨ۵죬벻ϲѡ
ʵҲûΪҶƽ֣˹󣬱߳Ҷƽйżױһ·ӻʹƺƵĳǰ
һ·ƻ貣ʮױξ
ҶȴûƼһĻĵ׼ЪһЪбӾͶ˽ʡ
һھ;òԾ
ôе
κڣҶ۾ЩãȻ
һԵæǰסҶɫԣæţЩΡ
ǾƣףԼġ
Ѱһ㲻ʲôҶһ͵ľһ¾͹Ƶˡ
ҶϴβͬʱС˲β֪һյĲ֪ϦǺϦһǴεЩͷҲûʧȥǡ
ǿͷȥ۾ﶼˮɵģ๫ҵҪס
֪ҶƽֺзҪʱҶǲԸģȵķãءŤͷСȥѾ
ҶǿͰģЦû
˿ҲֻҶΪ˸ˣûġ
˵Ľ㶼ڰõҶƽֺͻϣȻǻ񣬵ȴֵģ۵ĳҶƽֵĺøǻʮױûʲôע⵽һҡ
Ҳ׵ɫ죬ܹɵһֱûйȥȥ̥ǹԹԵġ
ȵҶƽͽҶŷԼп
۾ƺ˯Ƶġ
æҶȥϣҪӦһԼ˵ıͣ˵ʱ䣬ʱͿѾƽϵҶһЩŵСء
Сؿ˿ƵģҪڡ
Ҷ۾ֱĿ
֪ҶʲôƵǣɾֻܲڣֻԼĿ⿴Ҷ
ͱҶ˸ֻС˲ĵ๫㿴ҿˡ
лҪ˵ع£ǧȲһӣ΢Ц
ӣ
ʣޣգ
=w=
һģ
ͻȻƽQAQǼǵȥС˲εθðȥ


166 
һ⻰, ֪Լˡ
űϴκҪЩûôãȻ޴뻹ģС˲β޲ֻ֣ЦЦú, ľĥ䡣
СЩ޴, ֻСʵү, ҡʲô
ţҶʱҲԼСǰﲻæġ
ûش, ҶŤͷ, һ˫۾ɵģ˿ʱ͸ŴС, ҿʣҪˮ
˻һ, СֻԼı, Ϸ̡
ⲻ⻰, ˫۾, ˭ǶҪŵġ
Ҷ, ţʵúء
С鼱ֱ֮Ӵӵվ, ׼ȥò, ̫, Դֱײ˳߶Ƶġˡһ
ҶǱһʶĻ˴գŤͷſ˻§һ
ЩεĿ˿ͷСأҲûֻȥһܳｻұˣտúǾС
СӦһѲ豭̵ϣͷ³
Ǵӵүүʯͷү˵Ҫȥү˼ͷ˵أ˵ǵȻٻء
˻ӣʡҶȥص£¿Щǡ
ǰȻ˰ȥڣѾǳ͢ԱԼĽҲûҪ档
Ӧһȥźú˳Աߣн
ոջʵʵҶȴ֮ЩãȻ̧ͷ˿ĸ첲˵ľϣսЩЩ
ﾪҶĴʵôˣǲﲻ̹Ͱ˳ź󱳣ܰЩ
Ҷҡҡͷκ죬ˮ۾ӣдչȥףŵ๫
ĵĵͷء
ҶЦȥԼͷһһŴŴĵƣҿˡ
Ѱ˲һҶǧ˲ȴŻῪһΡ
ѾЩ㲻ϦǺϦС˲ιִץסͷϵΣЦοãġ
ǿȥƼҶͷһǰûӡ
֮ǰģæչԼҽӣûпƼΣһ֪ǷƷ빬ʱġ
ǻĻϻʺģⶼǴײ
ֻҵ֮ʵЩ࣬Ҫ˳־Ͱΰˣµġ
ҶȴסˣֱĶӣȻ̧ͷͻȻͣЩίģ
ŵǳȵȴûа취Լѹæôˣ
С˲촽˻ҵĻժˡ
˵ϴ˵˲ݣҰ㡰Ρˣ˻Ҳðεô
ǼҶƺЩģʶȤĵҴˣĪҡ
Ҷȴ߬ס֣ұ๫βģڳˣӺá

ԵӦȷʵЩڼѡ
ֻܹҶǲǿˣȺȵˮ˵žʹһԵĲﵹ˱ˮݸҶ
ҶȻ¶ȴûгԺֽӹ˫ˮյߣһСһСڵš
ǳô˻С
Ҷ˱ӿȥʱһ̹ȻĵãҳˣϺܺܶࡣ
С˲ιģԱЦְԼ䵽˻ĵͺã๫ҪúòӣҪúõġ
⻰˵Ⱥģֻ֪ͷЩ˵ˡ
ʱѾңҶˣӾóֱӰݵԺȻҲ÷
ҶȻ׼ôȥ
Ѿ£Ȼ㲻ȣѾǴʱˣҹЮˬʱΪŪϷ̵Ҷøˬ
ҪʱĶסջ˷ĵ֣ڷŵİϣһȥ
΢㶣ʲô
ҶҲ֪Լʲôǲݣ㳯Χ˿ְͷ죬ȻЦ뿴ǡ
Ҳ䣬Ҳ΢΢ĲˣŤͷһǺúտӣӺСȥϢҶߣ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷֹסĸ첲ͷ΢΢ƫſļϡ
һĻЩ㱡
ʵﳣ龰ŮЯǿ֮£ǣʫ⻹鶼֮
ֻǶ˵ȴͷһ⡣
ϼҵǲÿΪӲãʱʢĵ϶ҪŴϱӣ
ϾʱֽӣѰ纮Ҫ
Ҷ϶æŽչԵȻ벻ģʲôǿû
˵Ӻ˲٣ȻȲóˣȴҲ뵱ͬնҲܺӿǵʸ
˵С£Ҫȴøж
Ҷûио˵仯ֻǰͷ죬˻Ư
Ů˵һ£ʵʲôƯ
ǣ˵Ҷǲ˼Լݵģ̹ϣǰܶܶǣֻʱ򶼲ڵĺÿ
⻰Ҷ˵ϡ
ɽǿգÿζϡ
ΪҲ˾ķţС˲ξβܹ£¹⻪żԳȺ¶ˮ
ǧʱ⣬϶ҪרעʱԵˡ
ЦҶ󣬻ԼǽյƲ٣Ե͸ˡ
Ҷȴҡҡͷʮָۣ۾Ϊ㡣
Ϊĵӣзӣ˼ңС˲θԸˡ
ǰƾΪгһܱΣңӣǰҲΪҶһ
ˡ
ԭȤ
⻰²֪ǰȴ⣬һƬ
رסҶԺܳǣɺã
ԭΪҶֱӵͷ˭֪С˲δ˸ǷŴŴĻصˣбȿ˼顣
ʲô飬ǺܿͷӦͺһƬ
ָŮ⣬Ҫھȥ˼µܶȤ뵽ԼӾԺʲôǲãòԺʱŪ¶Щˡ
ҶȴһƬ̹Ȼ̧ͷ죬ſžЦ
קק䣬๫Ҿر
ŶԣʶĽӿڣʲô
֥Ҷ˵꣬ӣСҶˡ
ղ˼ʧ٣̺ȥҶԡ
ҶûܰѱԵϾ뵡˯ˡ
һ˯˯ȻطʱײŰ嶼ûѡ
֥ҲͲˣ˵
˽źԺͷŵҴҶ͡
˼ЩֵԼүϵЦ
ʵܰЦģǰˬʻڵĳǳЦܹǸºˡ
˼ȴԼӵЦеɵ
⻰˼ûֱ˵ҲʣƤӲҲʲʲôﵽǵģֻܰͻطſأȵŻȥ
ڴϵɷȥģԴĶԼոռˡ
ϼҵżģֻԶԶһ۾֪֮ǰӵŮӡ
ȻŮûôأϯҲûӲҪпŮͣǲǰ¾żˣ»ỵ
ֻţţһֱɢϯʱŸҸ߳ȥװϼˡ
һҾ죬һ̽ǻʵ۵׽ˣҲӦ
Ҳͷһ˵
˵ﰲá
˵˰á
ôһ仰ԵʲôûУȴǹҵڡ
˵Ҳʲôֻܳҹ˾ʱóΣƣţˣôôôֻﺰô
žЦˣЦЦű˯ˡ
ȴ֪¶Ѿ˴˹ȥλһִٳμĻʵ۱ֺǺǵȥʺϻʺ߶һϡ
ȵ˵ڶ죬Сڸոմ¹ȥϳɵԺһֱûж
ɫ˲Ŵ
ҶǼǵԼ֮ǰһյƵģҲǵۿ˸ɩɩװãֻʣµȴǲˡ
¶ҶҲԵɡ
Ϊ˲ξŵģڱȣܲþԵԭС˲Ҳ²ˡ
ȾԺ¶ⲻͷһ⣬С˲ҲͲ֡
ȵǣԼҿ˵ѣһ̧ͷƼԼסҲǸոҶգգ۾๫ôû𣿡
û˵ƫƫҶִţֻܺ£ǡˡ
һ˵꣬ԼҪס۾
첻Ǳһ·ǰֻ²ɣȻ˯ڡ
ҶȴÿƣȻЩɻ󣺡ðǴĶģۣԼ๫ֻ**֮Żġ
⻰Ķ죬ʵڲ֪ôش𣬾ֻҲҶ
ϴʰͣʹ˰
һľ֥
ͷԸģֻǵʱҶ˯ˣûԣϵ˽죬Сһ׼ˣΪ͡
ȻСصСÿĩһǮӡ
СӦһҶ۾Ǳ֥˹ȥ
ǻ˺֥ڶֵıƤаɫ֥飬ҧȥ㣬ǿɿڡ
ҶϲӵǶִ࣬ģС˲Ц۾
һ¶ǣ๫֪
¶˸ЦϬ
˻һСؾ;ȵ̧ͷֻԼҶүֺŪˣͿҶһȺͻϲ
۾СĬĬ˵һԣѧˣⲻкŪж
ڽȥļʰȥԺӣҶҲѡС˸ߣӸţȻûЩδҪһ˵ģ߷ȡ
Ҳ뿪ң׼ϻϼҡ
ǲͶܶദӣи¾ҪҪȥŲźá
ʯͷѵȥѹ죬ֺ浽һÿʶ֣ʵ
Ҷƽֺͻ׺ĵھգһٴǰ
Ѱղͬ仪ǳ󣬱Խ⡣
ѰϱҪڵڶվҪݼ˰ĸǹܵȵھٰ죬ҪȥвμۺףŻȴš
ҶҶţҶƽֺҶɶϾ˹ϵͬϵ׽ҲֻҶһˡ
ʱѾӽʱ
Ҷ⣬ĪӵԼ߽ţȥ
һţҶͿ˻
Ϊ˸ĻŮʱװ磬ﲻ˵ʱǹˡ
ƼҶԺЦ첽ӭ˵ȻǸѵƢҽרŴӻһβ㣬
Ҷһ͸ǣĵ򵥵İ취кóԵġ
ҲˣϤĺܣһͷ֡
ǸĿڵʱҶƽֹȻ׼˺Ǻ÷һһͷʵʵĽ𶧣ʮַϻһ
úʱ̥Զ˵Ҳˡ
ⰮСŲȴзСһ΢һ¾ͲٶЦǺǵȥ
ֱӰѽ𶧱˻
Ѿܷվ˿ȥʱ򣬾ƼվţСָ첲Ž𶧣ȵ
Ҷֲ֣ǼʶżµԶģҲϡ档
Ҷƽ֡סһ߹ȥĸ첲קק
֪ҶƽǺõģ͵ﶼʶǾǺˡ
СһҲ̫ϲԼƫƫҶƽǰŪСüͷܿÿŵסҶƽֶ
һȴҶƽЦ˸ߣЦãǺж
Ҷƽ佫Ѱ˵ѹģͻȻôһɤֱס˶䣬Ҳڵϡ
Ҷɶ°·Žţ۾ȴ˷ܵĿԼСã⾢С츳ǿĺòϡ
ҶԻû˵񱦾ʵ˾ˣʲôѽ
ҶƽֺǺǵĽͣǵӢۣö鿼ƾǸ˼
⻰ҶƽֱǺ񱦵ģȴ֪񱦼
һֱ뿪ϣ񱦶üͷ壬һⵣĵģ
ſСԱߣ߶߶ܵܣҪ˾˵ģãرã绹Ժ㻹һأܵû˵أܵô˵
߶ҶЦҲȤûֹֹ񱦼
ֻԭڱë˯ðȣ񱦵ѣȻ˯ˡ
ƫƫϸִţСֻԼϲ飬ĺܣǾҪԼϲķܵܣõܵҲϲ
ھ˯Եʲô롣
ԵСޣֻѾˣǻֵĺӣȻͲͣ㶪ë졣
ǡ󣬾³
硭


167 
˻һ, û, ɴ۾Լҵܵ, Ҷ, Щš
ԼС, ûأͷһڵĴʾȻǺ磿
, ̥в¾, ˵ϡ, ƽ޺Ҳ̹Ǻ, ֻǵڶûڡ
ƫƫȿ˿, ȴ񱦡
ҶЦ, Ϊ˺ӻϲЦЦ뵽ʲôƵ, ˿, ֿ˿û˵ƺЩ㡣
ηӦ, ڱĵǸ
һ硱С޵ĿˣһֱСͷһⱻ˽и磬СֶЦ۾, ŰſСԱ, ۰Ͱ͵ĳ濴, ڴٺһ
ȴû, Լ񱦺񱦾ͰڲٳˣһᣬɵرסԼë򣬱۾ûþͳ˯ȥ
ЩżѾҪ˵ܵܶˣֻܵٺǾҪȥקȴҶ˻
ЩĿ˿Ҷƺ̫ΪʲôҶҪֹ͵ܵమ
ҶԼҶӱͬ˴һȦԴЦŵͷĶͷס
С˲ƽʱ̥һĶ̥࣬ƢѾˣÿʣϻ۰Ҫһ£ҶƢ
ᴧģԼ๫ԼǸִֵģ鶨ȻҪɲŰݡ
ȻҪ˯˯
һԵ͸ӵƢԣί񱦵С
Ҫ˯ǲҪŵĺãȻ⺢ҪļǳԼСֶֻҪ֮ˡ
ҶЦŵ񱦣⼸춼ͷѧʲô
񱦱˸ոίʲôֻЦǺǵĺҶ㱨Լڵѧϰȣ˳㻹˿ʯͷ˼ȻѧĲ̶ͬܳҲв죬ֻﶼǺõġ
ֻҪ飬ͻϲ
Ҳ˺ú˯Ļᣬһֱظû
գûٿڣǰһ˳Ծ棬ٲȻ˯ԼԲģڵúܡ
ҶǴ˵ڵģԼǶʲô˼
ȴִŵÿóʱʱţƶĽ磬Ҳͣʱⶼֵ񱦣ȴȻʡ
ֵʵû޵ʱ򣬲ſ죬硱
񱦾͵СȥҶķžžš
ʱѾҹĻ٣Ҫ˯ˣŵĶʱҶ΢΢ÿ˴ʣ˭
˵ŵͿ˿ڣ񱦡
ŵҲһֻļôʹŵģֻˡ
Ȼ񱦺ܿƿţžžવܽܽңվڴǰܵܺˣ磬ܴܵ
Ҷһ֪⺢ǲ˺óʱ䣬ڵ˻ӦȻ˷ܡ
ϽĪЩţ˵Լû񱦣Сү̡
Ҷڰ֣ûн⣬Цŵȥչɣ񱦽˯˵ţ񱦱ڴãȻְѵϵСѡ
ĪӦһ첽뿪СĹš
ǰԴԼ׽ۣ̿۾ȴǵתҶֿҲֿ¶һЦݡ
Ҷɵ˳СƤЦʲô
񱦵ŴŴģһϲҡ
ԣ̧ͷһۣС˲Цŵ˵˵ܸܵոպ˵ʲôˣ
ѾѵþʣһСǶСӵ˾񣬴ӴѸٵм䣬ӱȥཱུС첲СֱӱסҶֱۣϲϲĵҸ硣
ҶͷȻأ
񱦵̧С°ͣȻ˵ҳ

Ҷ
񱦲ʲôõģܵܺԼ׽͹ˣȻΪʲôֻܵԼأ
ҶˣҲ͸ЦӰ§ޣĺ󱳺˯
񱦵Сոһͨûþ˯ˡ
۾ƽȴְ񱦱Լ
ҶЩĿ˯ʵĪ㣬˯һῴġ
С˲գգ۾ɵõҪȥɣ
£Ҳͷտ
ҶżСʱҹﲻҪ̻Ҫ򣬶ȥģ̥ͬ˯ʱչ˺ӵҲˡ
ȻǲԸҶͺǵĹϵһֱõĺܡ
°첻̫ܿɣȴȻ׽
Ҷͷģͷչȥӡ˸ǣ˵๫ˡű۾˯ȥ
ﰲ֪͵ҵʱ۾
ҹʱ̶ܹҲúˣԼ´ˡ
ֻʱȴƼֻг˯ŵףˡ
̴СЬӣžžવĳš
ͷŵӿ߹ЦʵүҪҰæ
ѰҹҪԼȻŻȥġ
ȴû֣ʵأ
죬Ҫشȴ̥᷿ſˡ
Сҹŵϣֻ߶ȴƵĵ
˸Ƿû
ȴƶСȣУѧס
ͷ˿Դһ˯ˡ
ڶվŵӲɵջĿ⣬ŹֲöүЩһϾȥչү͹ԭΪ
۰Ͱ͵ţȻͻȻ
Ȼܵϲҡ
ſĵĲҹںãȻϴ˯һֱЦǺǵġ
Ŭ̥ڿϡ
Сһһǰһѧ˺ף˺űܼº֣ܶһοں׶ˡ
֮ǰ񱦺ʱҶĹһ󣬿ڿǺԼҶȻˣһһҵıţÿһڣЦü䡣
Ҳ˿Ⱥ󺰵ο
УҶõģӺһ£ȻĶŮ
ҶҲ˸Ȥǽ˵
񱦳˸ڻԴ˵Ļ£ǹ۲Ҷ˵һεĴܼǵãܼǺܾãͲҶ˵Ҫ˵ĳЩĻʱҪסСһĶС
̥ȴͬǶûڲͬļʹϻۣɼǱȲġ
ĵ⣬ֻѧ˵ĻŻ˵ҪⲻᣬͲڣֻ⿴
С⵹һ㶼żֺǺǵģѧѧǸȴȤúܣ벻˾ſҶһһףԹԡĺ壬ŪҶÿζüЦѧ˵¾͸ԡ
ʯϺͻңҶҲû뿪ӣǴߡ
񣬻ףʯϺ룬ȻһǳԵһһɢǶ˵Ҫűڵĺ¡
ȶˣϵҲͶ
ǹ֮𣬽ʳСûʲô¶ֵóԸȻջϲ쿪ġ
ʯһˣ뿪¼Ǹϲ£Ӿͬһ㣬Źȥʱͻǰһ㡣
ʯϵΪʯϵĹ԰ӪЩҵˮ·пл·ʯϵǮԽԽࡣ
ʵʯԼöǿʯϡ
ΣɩɩбǺ£ΪãȻΪǸ˵ģڻ̬ǡǡ֤ʯǰ;˻ء
ʯʱһѣ˸㣬̫ãǱȥ˻԰ʯԣԱ̥߰С˺ĵʡˤ
ⶼѾվˣΡΡĻߵĺܲȵ
Ѱ·̺ϣԵʱҪС˵Լ
ǰѵʱվСץˣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ȴö˶ְë򣬿߹ǱߣٹԼĸˡ
Ҷ˿ѷŽڱ㣬ЦǺóԵģܳ𣿡
ǩѵʯæֱӳԵģͷдСģСһҧȥҭ
һԵĪҲͷտĺӶ࣬Ȼ֪Щġ
⣺ǱŪˣιˡ
Ҷ˵ͷСæȥȡס
ʯϽѵһŵҶĵһţ۾ȴǳΧƣʵôֻ⣬أ
ҶѳˣԻص񱦶أŹܹ
ЩȣŶĺӣôҪ飿
ҶȴûʲôֵģЦеϲˣҶҲа飬ľͺá
һԵʯ⻰ɵЦ۾ĽҲֻĽˡ
ȻҲչ˹ӵġ
ӵʱ䲻ϲϣΪ޵ģ˺տϣԼչ˹һϵĺӡ
ǺССģ˲¾Ͱ
ʯϰúãҲܾģѧ˲չ˺ʱҪ֪飬ϰǺҪߵʱһ󣬿ɵǺԳЩƼͺŮˣʯȴҲûжѹ
ʱʯԼ֣ǲԼġ
ƼޣȴĵĻϲ뵱¶ײʱͶ¼Ҿ⣬
ʯϳĬʱѾ
ҶѣɿĪӵ֣СŵҶߣֽסҶСȣ۰Ͱ͵̧ͷ
Ҷͷ˿Цŵ񱦽Ĺˣ
񱦹ɻص˵ģд֡˵ţִĪдõĴùҶչʾ
СǲдֵģҪȻɳ񱦴ϻۣ磬ҲãЩŽëʡ
дƶҪҲ۵ģÿֻдȻд⺢ӻ˹ͷ
һڳʯϺͻһͨ䡣
ԴģҲһƼд֣ȻֻǼ򵥵ءһˡա϶ϲ̫ʾǼõġ
ֻҶ΢΢ǣûпڡ
Ϊ֣ԼҶ֣еԲ
ΪСòñʻдģҶСֶպԼде
С˲κɻΪʲô񱦼๫дȴܺ๫һأ
Ҫ๫˵˵ԺҪ÷רŽ̽дֲźá
ʱԶһ
ѾѰ¶ˣҶֲ֣ӶûзӦǻЩȵ̧ͷ˿ʵⶼˣôйУ
ҶЦЦӲ֣СڣǴϼҴĴ󹫼ģƽʱϽе׼ʱӻ˵ûµľͻẰһҲȥˡ
һԵС΢΢ͷܸҶ
ҲֻڼΪΪҶвٹëʲôֽϴλյҶëء
ɵЦֻĿãëģ˺һӶëء
ʯŵСﵷ飬ԲɵõСڶˣ
ҶûŤͷСء
Сæ߰ˡ
ʯϡסһƶСʱҲѼģЩȻѰǿ꣬泤١
Ҷû뵽Сڳ˳ëǸ²ˣεһһ磬Ȼܻôãʵ档
Ҫδ֣ҪСڻɾء
һֱûбȴЩż
ǸֵĺӣֻҶСȻ˻ΣҶʱضҶֱߵ⣬ŴŴĵ񱦡
Ҷıĸ֣ÿ˵ˣвӦ
ոʯ˵ĻҲǵãˣһι񱦵Сȥ
һߣʯҲŪ⣬ιѾſ˺һ⡣
Цеţ״ҲվλƵߵԱߣˮ۾գգȡ
ʯϾͷӸĬһһȣιǸʯϾĪĽȸС
УһιһЦЦĵĺܡ
ԭҪְæƼʯЦֹ˼ֻԼѳԣûпڡ
һʼӴʯΪʯϵǽǷĵϲˣҲĿ
ʯǸ̵ģ¼һڣҲ̣סл¼͸¶һ˿һ뿪Цſ¼㸲
˼أҲ֪ʯ˽¼ҵǰѻ˲ٲ
ֻǻС˺һΪԼıŮӡ
Ƽʯܻϲο
ȻСһеҩ
ʯǺܿͺ̥ˣѾľʯѾû֮ǰǷģ˵º͵ģĺܣ̥Ȼϲġ
뿪ǰѾܺʯϡ̡ˡ
ʯȻ᲻ǣֻҪȥ԰תתȸ뿪ҡ
ϾԼԺĲҵЩҲ
׼Ҷɡ
ɾʱԶֵ
΢΢üһ˫۳ԺǽǱ߿ȥ
Ҷڣһ߳Ըһߵ£ǸˡҶĪӵȥȥ๫µĻͲҪˡ
ڣһ£˵¼ôûߡ
ҶȻ⣬๫˵Ҫߣһʱҧһڣʲôģóԡ
ҲͲٶ¼ҵ飬תЦŻصӸ⣬ϲұ˶Щ
Ҷ̵ͷа
ʱĪ˹Ҷһ̣ˡ
ҶﺬӸأÿڣ˳ְ񱦱ŵϣҶʵ»£
ĪҲ׼ڼҵ飬ҲǺµġ
Ҷ۾̿񱦣ᣬ֪СһǶ죬Щǻס񱦵С䣬ŵںˣ˵ɣ¡
Ī̵Ǹأ֪˾ͳֲݣһСĵӣѺˤûˣ


168 
¼, ҶЩġ
Ƕҵ˰, վС˲ں˱Լߵ, ûôͬģҶʲôʱܰߡ
, Ҳøʯͷ»Ժˡ
Ҷ˼СغĪӶٶ¼ҵЩסýϢ, ֪Ҳȫ
ĪӵĻ, Ҷ֪ȥĻǲú, ǻȥ, Ҷ񱦣, Цŵ񱦺͵ܵһòã
񱦶ʲô¼ҵ, ҶĻ, ̵ͷ, ЦǺǵ˵أ, ȥ
û˵Ǹ˵һȻͱ
ǸõģԴ, ˸ո˵Ļ, ֺǺǵı, Ҳûע⵽Це۾
һץëûڣֻǿǼۣ˸ǷſСػ˯ˡ
СغͼӴź뿪ĪӲŵ֮ǰ¼ף˵˸˼ţǾʿиڼҵĹĹ˵Ǻ¼үһʣҪƸˣ֪
ҶգգۣʲôүĹģҲ׼ֻʣǿҪߣ
ĪӵͷҪģүΪƸѾ޳ȥԼ⼸ˡ
ҶԾЦһԵĻ¼ҵɵͷˡ
˾Ϊ׹ƽﶼǸȥȻƲͨоҲԾѰֵ̼鲻˽⣬ȴ֪֪ıѰ˶Ķࡣ
Ҫʲôʲôĵ޷ǾҶƽֵǰ̡
һʼͶʯ
ʯܿҪؾ˶ãʯҲйػȻ¼ҵĵϸʡ⻧˼Ժʯ鷳
£û˵ʲôȴŻȥԺҪú̽һ¼ңܺù찭ۡ
¼ңɲ֪Լͱ˶ϣҲǽͷö
ӵԭ̫ںεĺӣΪϻ̥֪˽Ų˼ǮҲܷǶӵ˵ƣӦ
Ҳƶ˲󣬶ҲȷʵʯԸΪ˷ȥΣʶ˼Ȣˡ
Ĺʱġ
ͱСЩǱʯϴ˲٣ǰףҲˡ
ʱϵ˰æһȥʶ˵ϸϸȻĸ׳ȴǵּżǸ˼ң˼
¼ҪǮʱ㲻ϲϣȢ״ӲΪϲǿϱ档
ϽûΣǹ飬ʱʱ͵£żǰֵĺǴ󷽡
˵ĹϵͻͽɾҪżף˵õżԼӡ
̴ž죬˭֪ʱ顣
ڴϣԼѾƽ̯ȥС㶵ġ
£ҲʯϣûҲйʲô
˺ӣⱲӵΪֹĿˡ
ʯڵʱʵûԹʲô࣬ʯϷֲϲܵ˺ôӱ˭ù˭뵽ʯˣͷϵĴʯͷŲϲŷ¼ԭʯϲ죬һƬ
ŤͷȥıЩ䵭Ŀ⡣
ʶүҡ
˵£ãͲҪȥˣʡƽǷǡ˵꣬ɾҪ뿪
ϸæ˲ϵĲҪ´ȥһԵס֮ҲҶදֻȻү֪ˣԺȻٶһһǮֻ㿴ںǵķݶϡ
΢΢üŤͷһۣҾΪûа㴦ˣŲЩǮȥңҰҸţֻҪؽȥ˲
һû
ǽŵԴѾǹ֣㻹ҵĺӵûˣ㷴ʡҲӦá
ֻû䣬죬Щƣү⺢Ҳҵİףûˣۣܲ
ۣ㲻ôضԴԼˡҾҪϲ£ˡ˵̧꣬뿪
ͷһʶԼЯƵģӹͷð
ǰֻֻǮǺ£ˣʯǰòƢԵͰԼѹȥˡ
ڣϲ֪Ƕµ顣
ɻȢϣȴûȻ⡣
ΪֱϽɲ֪ϲʡ͵ĵơ
ԭŰƢڹʱ͸Ե˺ңһֱͷҺҲûһԭżҪ¼ҵƽǣĶźװڲƭȢԼ
û뵽İã˲£װƤ͵˸ɾ
¼ҲʲôǸǷһƨɵծ
żҲʵɶɹѹصģòɾͲٹˡ
ϸǺ֮ǰƭҲƭˣϵƢԸ벻ԼĴֻ뵽ɵĴ
ƫѾǶޣٺֻҶûأֻ
Ϲϣȴˡ
֮ǰѹסƢð˳ֱӰѻûװϰߵˣŷʰɡ
ɲʯǰû̵ģҲǰҲ㣬鹻ݹִɵİƣ
ɱϾţʱ棬ܻӣǴ򲻹ϣϹҲʡ
ҲޣΪϵļױóһ¼ҵĿֻ¾ûֱˣֻ̡
϶ĺɱˡ
ϰѹϴĥҲˡ
˼欵ŮӲסӣסҪ㡣
⵵ڣУǮס¼ӣһû˺Ƶ
˼죬ȴ֮֮
լסȥˣҴծߵļòլԺãΪھһңԼＦɹ˼ȴ¾ãʵû취ֻ㿪
ЩҶڳڰŪҩĻͶ̥˵ڵķûаϵ
԰еʯ϶һж֪Ϥһ
ҹиɫ˲ĴҴҵĸϵ˹԰Уժ˶ñȻɵ
ﱾ輧ɵңһֱؼ֪ԼĹ檣˼Ҳˣ檲𷣣ȴֱġ
ʯڵʱ򻹺˵ϺԼҲĥתͷץסʯϵԼľݣ޾ϸ֪
Ҳϸİ¼¸ʯϣ¼ҾҪߣլӱָˡ
ʯɫŲյ渡ֳȥĲҶڵ취¼ҰŲһŲ
ˣϾ¶Ϊѵɫ
ɲڣʯҡͷˣżӰԵʲôֻԺҪ뿪Ǹˡ
ͷЩϣɫ
ʯӵݸһľϻģ￴һ۾͵ɴ۾
һϻ˵Ҳа֮ࡣ
ʯЦſƱһףĺáֻţһͬϿߣֻ˵Ҫ·ٰ֮ǰ͵ɵ˲ϣߵģЩǮ㹻ӵġ
Цԥһ£ʵˣߣ
ʯϵ˵ͷһķŻϰ·Ŷ㴦СģûãûҪΪ㣬˭ϲɱ˵ģֻҪЩͷġ
ŰģʯϿ˸ͷ´϶뿪
ȥţ첽ߵʯߣӣ¼÷εĲ鷳ɣ
ʯѾûЦǳģգһг䶨ʯֳ˳ǣҵ׻û͸ΪЩԣȴû뵽һ޲Ķ
ӱˣ谮ҲģͰˣɾȻӶϴ·
ΪԼɾӶ
Ҳʳӣʵ޲硣
ֻɻ󣬲̫ʲôӣҲ֪ʯϵڱ¼˼ѵ
ӸʯϵӾˣʹ֮ǰҲѧ㶫Ȼ֪ʲôʲôʣѹͷźʯϾޡ
ȵ˵ڶգ¼һͿʼ׼ҡ
¼˥ܣЩļҵ׻ЩģȻҪߣЩȻ¡
ɺҺ޵˼ұйʲôɺ޲ðҰݶ˴ߣ˵ǽƤҲҪε㲻
ȴ֪ڵҶ֪Ϣһ㶼ϲϲĶ๫Ժô죿
ЦҶһ£ӵô
Ҷ룬Դȴûʲô滮
С˲ֻͻȻܰѼһ⻶ϲҪܰһж˵ͷͷǵЩΪˡ
ҶָֻͷҪЩ÷Ҫģ֮ǰﶼУҲãβϣһҪݣˣҲȡŶԣиǶԺӣЩǶҪסȥġ
ЦŵͷһһӦˣŤͷͶӵˣ˰ǽͷеĶظǡ
Ӻ˵Щ˷ѣϾѰҲǰװλһû˵¸ǵģľҪѲǮѰ˼Ҷ
뵽ҪˮҪԺӣ򵥣ȴҪЩĻȫƽء
ǮүȱľǮ
̹Ӧͽ˴϶׼¼Ժȥӡ
Ҷ԰ס˷ܵ飬˿ѣҪŽԼ΢٣Ѿյߵݸ๫ԡ
Ҳͺס⣬ȻŮ˵ָ
ȻѰϱЩֽҲģ촽ЩȣˮģŪҶָҲôһһˣС˲ʶĶһ¡
ջ֣ЩĿ˿ԼĴаָ⣬̫ΪʲôոҪôһ¡
ɵҶ̧ͷʱȴƼ˵ĶѾһƬ
ҶôˣҪɢԴ첻¶û˵ӾͼҴҵ˻
ûڣͿɫĶ
һ£žͿСڶԼʹɫ
˸ӣƫƫСؾͱôСؿԼӾȻɵǺǵЦҪ˵鶼ˡ
ҶЩʵôˣ
ɨһۣ˵
һ֣Цݣһĵү̣Ǹո¼ҳźڽöʯ֪ؽЩʱ򣬺¼үߵ֪Ϊξˣ˳ˤˣڴŽء
Ҷ֮ǰյ֣ϵţ֪ʯ֣޽Ҫȴû뵽ͬһ졣
Ȼ
С˲ﻹǼ֣ϵģʯ֪غӯû°ɣ
ӻûڣҶߵ͵İɣǶȻû¡
Ҷһ㶣ӵͷ㾪ȵŤͷ๫ô֪ģ
ЦЦţΪʯ֣ϵƷԣܲµ
ʲôǸʯϳŸһˡ
ֵҲʹģֻ²ʯıӼҹ£Ƿˣģֻ֣ϡ
ѫ֮Ů˾ǣǵԼҵط˭ʹ˭ԥûС
ԼԺ¼ˣϾ¼ȤĶõԵҲûʲôɡ
֣ϺʯеҪɱ㲻ʲô¼ҾǳҲá
ֻЩûкҶ˵ǹЦŵҲ֪£һ֪ϾҪˡ
һⲻʲôѲµġ
Ƕǣ̼֮ңʯ֪ؽְȻסȻΪ˵Ұݷõġ
ֻС˲벻Щգգۣ˭ţ
ЦȻǼҵš
ʱСܹүλʯ˴޶˵ҪүͶ̡
Ҷһ۾
С뿪Ҷץֻ˻ΣŻϲ๫˵ˣ
Լӵĳ羴Ŀ⣬Ҷȥǰ
Ȼõʯ֣ϡ
²ʯȥȴ뵱ͬ
ڵطΪٺھٲͬǶˣٽӴĶȨ˼ңκ֪ռࡣ
ʯǿӳģ֮ȴ仯࣬˴λؾȻŶ˷ȴ˲ٳ
ʯвٻҪ˵˵Ҷû˼֣ȥ˺á
ϣ֣ҶԴЦ²ﻹ񻣬Ľ
Ҷ֣ϵ󣬸оӿҲǣӯҲǣĺܣҲû֡
⻰˵ļ򵥣ȴֱӣĪ֣Ͼ׽ŽȻǸһû䣬ոеһҲûˣ֣ЦִսЩλ˶أҩ˼ҩĻ֪Ч͸㡣
ҶͶʶվãȻ֪ϵ˼ͷƣʶҩԵģԻдŹȥġ
֣ȫȻûϻ˼һ㶣Цüۡ
֣ϱϻʺӡ
ڹϻʺоɣ˵ѣȴʶģ֮ǰһϳϻʺ͸ҶܲµǵĹϵ
ϻʺУ֣ΪȴҲģ䣬ҶһһˣŻͷڸϻʺ͵ҩĻȥ
ܹõģ°źÿɡ
֣ϳ˹ϻʺ󣬱ǸҶˡ
֮ǰ̥º֣ϳҶҲϲ񱦣һϾûټ棬һһ䣬֣ҲĽ
˭ϲرҶ˵̥Ѿ߻˵Ժ֣Ͼ͸ƣϴοǵʱССһǳˣ֪ﻹ๫
Ҷһߺ᷿һߵأǳò̫˴ˡ
֣ЦӯӯĵҼ˫̥һģһ̥ǲƵģȻǺÿĺӡ
С˲̵ͷЩ̧̧°ͣȻҺ๫ÿġ
֣ϿûסҶҶЩɻĿʱ֣֣һͬһƿ᷿߽ȥ
ʱ̺ϣŪϵߡ
񱦵ʣµģҶøµģЩ񱦵⣬Լϲķܵã͸ˡ
ϵǸϻϷŸСŲϻȥ˴С֪뵽ʲôͿЦ߶šԹԡ֣һƬ
֣ŤͷͿСʵԼǰ񱦡
һ̸⣬׼ιܵܣչ˵ܵСҧصذ̸һСһСĵݸ
ֻÿεݳȥ֮ǰ񱦶ҪЦźһ䣺ܵܣи硣
˵гԵʱӵģԹԵĺ硣Ȼſͽӵһ̸⡣
ֻǺһͰˣƫƫЦеľ֣ܵܡ
硣
ܵܣ
磡
ܵܣ

ˣ񱦾ûи̸ԣС۾ֱĿ񱦣ͷŵҶ֣϶ûпڣǴЦȤĿǡ
һ̣ͼվ񱦣Ťͷߡ
ΪܵˣҪ׷ͼվ⡣
Сԭר־ŲϻһºЩãȻŤͷͿ
ָָ񱦣ĵã硣
һֻܰãЦĺ磡
⣬ߵǰãȻĿ˴⣬Ͷ硣
һһƢûУԹԵİ̸ⶼ˵ܵá
֣ѾЦֱҶҲüۡ
ǵĶӶȥžžવܹ
֣һѾͱסСֶ񱦣ϲʶ̣
̵ͷʶģ̸͹顣
֣Ǿȣ͹鲻٣Ѿǰǰˣȴû뵽񱦻ܼǵǼġЦŰ񱦱һĸαĺϲĲС
ҶǱסԼ̥ǵСӣ׼Щ׺ιǡ
ʱ˹̣ʯˣǰء


169 
Ҷ֣ϵǰʱ, ʯѾʯһ˵ˡ
ʯ뾩ͷ, δʯƼˮ, ʣûƽʱĳȸ
ʯǸΣʯϳʱǸţõܰ, ʱɴʯϺ, ʯҲһķ, ʯŵͷ
ʯо٣ɶԴʯϱԽ˭ܲµóǸƤİǡ
һֱʯ뾩֪ɾо
ƫʯ, ʯ𱻱ӲùͲ߿, ʯ뾩ǧ֮ңǰ㲻֪
ʯҲ£Ǹ߻ѴƢԣʱƼÿ޸ͣ, ʯҧöҧѪ, ˵˾䣺, , 綨ŹǸ񡭡ҲǸĹʧԲ㣬ҲԲ
ʯȴҡҡͷ֪ʯѴҴ¼ңûԼҵ׸Ѱĵ
ֻЩʯϱȴû˵ʵǿ޵ĺˣһĻ˵
Ҷ״㽫ŵŵСػ첽߹ȥʯߡ
˿޳֮ǰһʱʯ϶ǵģδ˼ҶЩɻĿ˿ʯ
ʯ𱾾ҶһԽܣֱҪ˵ЩʲôסŤͷ֣ϡ
֣֪ʯѹ֣ԼҲͬסټʯҶͻ֣ȻԽ׽ԽãþãûӦǡ
ʯ۾˸м֣ϵͷʯϡ
Ǿʯ𿪿ǰʯҡҡͷҶʾԼ£Ӳ˲۾ɤӵɩɩҺã֪ģŮҲй԰ܹȥģ鷳ɩ
ʯҪ˵ʲôʯȴǿ˿Ҷס
ʯ뵽ԼڻңԼҼֵܲ˼ǰס˼һʱʧ̬Ī֡
һֱûпڵԱ£ʯžϲ£һʱҲ֮飬˵໳ʯʯ˶ҼҰ࣬³Ը㷹
ʯҲ飬ЦŵǾͷˡ
÷ʱû˵ոյ飬Ц˵ЩȤ£ټҲҪιȻǻЦﲻϡ
ù˷ʯ뿪ʯҲǸȥģȻвٻҪͬʯ̸
Ҷߺӳ㵱Ҫסһ𣿡
ȱȥ˯̥Ҷһ˱һСһˮԺŵģöȻסһͷȥ
ҶգգۣΪΣ
ӸӲ˲ǣ۾ȴǿҶʯŮԼðҵģûбҪȥʯ˽ӼáദˣԻ޺ˣ¶ʵ׽ȴҲסһԽԽ࣬Щĺá
Щ飬С˲βףóʯϴֻҪӵġ
ŵﲻùൣǣʯǸϻӣͨ͸ˣʯˣ˸֣Ϻͻڣھ߶û˹ܵġ
Ҷ˵⻰ģҲЦչȥ£ֲ֧Щɲ
ʹ˼ȴиԹںõԴʲôܼסЩʵĻҪܿСӣʡѧȥԡ
ЦЦҪ˵ȴһ˫ɾ۾
ʶԼҴǶ㿪ˣɻиء
۴ϻۣһ㶼񱦣й֮޲
ཱུʵ
գգ۾ûش𣬶ŤͷͱסҶ⣬ô֡
һֱûֿ̥￪ʼһȻ׽о籧ɵİԴϻЦСĺ󱳣ǻϲģ
ӱϾСѧ˵Ҳãǲ֪ʲôԲʣһȥ᷿˯
Ҷȴûиţȥ˿֣ҩĻ
ЩǶϾѡģҲҩЧŰ֣ϸҶ
ҶڻС˲εʱĻ࣬˲ϵõ֪İ˾ŲʮֲһһģôҩЧҲһġ
εҩĻȻ̲֮ãһ꣬žء
ɫҶϸ侹ǽɫӺƣÿ
Ҷ˱ϳҩĻĺ
ɫϼ⣬ȴжҶԽ⻨䶾ԡ
⻨ܶ˵ľ޶ҩкôġ
Ҫҩ嵭ԲУȻֱӳˣʹʣͣͣ˾֮ǡ
ҶҪ뵽Լ๫ӣʲôʱˣ⣬Сص껨ΧΧϣĪҪ˿Ҷ΢٣СҲչȥˣ⻨ж˶̫ܿס
С̵̷ģһСĵġ
ҶͷͲٿתȥҩĻŲԵ
жҶŵٳЩ¼ɺɰӴϣԱƽ¾һһԵСȥС
Ҷֽ˷зŰЩģȶãҶһӻֽ˷
һţ㿴ڿ˲ᡣ
ʱգھĲҵѾ٣ŶɢɢģҲѾϢ˺üҪĵط
ľƣķׯˮ·½·䣬ڱ߹ص̶ӣЩһ͹ͨ˼ҳһӵġ
ȻչԼеһУر̶ӣⲻԼĲҵгʵÿζģȻи
ŵı̶ӵ˲ᣬЩ̶ӾҪˣǲȥϼңǻھׯжˮ·ҲЩǻǰҪһγȥҪЩʲôһжҪ׼
ڿҶͽ˲ϷŵһԣվӭҶ߹ȥЦŵʰͣˣ
ҶЦеĵͷ۾ҿʵأ
ͬҶһȥϴ£һ齼һߵղ󣬺ˣ˴ȥ˯ˡ
С˲Щɻ󣺡֮ǰ񱦻˵һ˯ģôˣ
û⣬ͬҶ˯ϲŪСľ͸¶Ҫȥ͵ܵ˯µܵñƵѧ䣬ԺͬԼһĵ顣
ֻ̥ڱԼҸ߶߶ء
û˵ֻǵʲôʲôܲþš
ҶҲû׼ϸʣżӼģǩЩŵһӻ̺ãĥīִʣĿʼд֡
̽ͷ˿ȥ˸̨ŵһʵдʲôأ
Ҷû̧ͷһдһ߻صҵҩĻ÷һԱעֺ͹Чͷ˴ʡʶòˡ
ѰҩıǼģоҩУǶԼͽܣ˭Ҳ̡
Ҷȴܴ󷽷ĸ߸֪Ҳѵá
ϸ룬ҶԼҩ̵ƹӣҩ˲ܼˣǹ£Ҳ£û˵ʲôһԿҶд
ţͿֽϵһԲԲ֡
ҶԵ鶼ѧÿ죬ҲãЩһԽдԽԲԳһ壬ϡ
дҪҰæ
ҶҡҡͷȻרעĵͷдã֪дʲôģģдʶЦҵġ
ǲţ齼ϣ°ͣЦȤȻϲûЦġ
Ҷдһţ̵һԣſɾ˵ҵֳ󡣡
Цְֽһ£۹⣬ڲ˵ˡǻ˵ղصɵʮӴֻڶ᷿Ҳһġ
ҶȴûбĻŪһԼд֣ȷʵڲͬ
๫˵ȤԼʲôã˻ǲҪóȥǡ
ֶ꣬ҶſžЩ֮ǰдָƣҲԲģԺҲдɣ
ȴ£İɣǺڷܵúܣҪ򵥵£һЩֱоˣʱһʮƪ֣и¾ܰ
Ҷ΢΢۾һʮƪ᲻̫ࡣ
ɿ˿Ҷصİɣֻˣöġ
飬С̵ģԵҲûʲôŰѶ鵱Ȥ
ʯͷ飬Ҳ˵һΪѺͷϵڴʯͷ·ϺúߣҪ˵ϲҲ˵ϡ
ԼǸСֶղһǷĵϲ
ʮƪֶԱ˵ǳͷ񱦣нѹֻ»߸˵ȥдһƪҪֵġ
ҶҲ뵽㣬Цʼʽд
ȥͷϰŵĵӶ˹ǻӸ⣬Ŵӵζϸ໬Ҷÿ춼Ҫġ
Ҷר־д֣һӸ⣬ιҶߡ
С˲۾ȻֽҲûб仯ȴȻȻĳˡ
һڵӸ⣬ȥӹĹĵģɵЦ
һιҶȻͳԡ
ܿ죬ӸͽҶĶӡ
ʱҶҲдһţ˱ʣע⵽ԼЦ
С˲ЩĿʶԼζ
һ㶣Щϧ
⣺òóԣ
ҶҡͷС죺óǺóԵģɾǳԵʱûĥζͳԵˣЩ˷ѡ
Ǹ̫ϲԺȵƢԣҲⲻԼǴӺζ
ȴҶģȤýߵҶǰ΢΢ͷ־Լӵࡣ
ҶϳԿվȥЦŵ˴ϡ
˯ҶֳӸ⣬¸ղϴҲҪڣȻỵݵġ
ʰͣµʱҶѾʼǷ
ǱŮ˵ĺţϲģǺϲԺҪϰô죿
ϰ䲻ãǶȡ󲿷ָĸԶŮڴʵ١
Ҷȴûôǣ΢΢۾ƵıˣԼģҪʲôԼԼҲѡġ
΢΢һ٣ҶıǴЦ⣺ͨ͸
һȴûеõӦΪҶѾ۾˯ȥɫ
Ҳ۾һ͵˵ڶ죬ʱ컹δԶ΢
ȴиԶԲζ
Աо˸գһÿһߵʲô𣿡
εݵǰȴ룬Ǻҩ
һ룬Ϥҩ㣬滹ð
̧ͷͶҶЦ۾ֻ๫ҩˡ
ֽӹȰһʵȹ˵ģôҪȣ
Ѿ٣ҩҲǸһһΣȹģ˵ձǷҩʱ
ˣڣҶݹģǶҩȡ
Ҷǰҩŵһԣߵ촺һҩģ̱ԪӺãֻǻڶ̣ٲþҪлˣұȥżá
ɾҶ˵ʱЩȡ
ЩϤͷƣӰԼס۾Ҷ
С˲ȴֲ֣Цŵµģ̱Ԫġ
û˵ֻǶҶ
Ҷʲôأͱקȥ˴ʡ
ϸǳĻҲðɢ˲ǡ
ӦǸţð
ҩЧԣԭ˻ʱֽű䣬εǻ˺ܶࡣ
мǵǽƽ֮ԭ¼ҵլҲʼֵؽ
ľŲˮݣݾͲ֪˶Ǯɡ
ɲȱǮֻҪҶҪģͷ
С˲µʱȥתһתһߣȵһнͣҲѾġ
ľԵñϼҵʱȺܶ࣬ݸǵôлˮһ˱ﳣסˡ
Ҷȥʱ˫ӣһˬãҲܷſ˳ԣӱ춼ڡ
ڽӽĩʱ˹٣Ʒּּܸ֮ܳǰ״ԪԪף˵׻ǵһﵱ
ٵּ֮˼ңԼҶɩ÷طͶԼСԺ
Ѱԣ٣ڼҲǳ
ҶûдϺӣֻӺСرȥˡ
ϣ˾䣺˭
˼˿Σ̵أضүүֻˣһѡ
΢ü⣬ͬţ
˼ԥһµͷǰɡ
Щο֮ǰȥסԼɶܲһֱԼѾ˹٣£ҲԼȦӡ
ѾܺͬŽãȻϲ¡
ֻ²͸֮ǰϵĹҰۣδҪµ״ԪԲȥ룬ϲ±ˡ
սСԺԺţҶ̶ס˽Ųһ۾ƼԺͷѼǰŵժѵĳʡ
վһԵҶƽɫƽϸȥƵóȫʱ׼ڳˤʱȥµ档
ſжŤͷ򸾣Цˣء


170 
ڿʵʱ, ;ԼߵƤ
Ѱ˵, , , ûʲô, ˵ûЩĵ
ֻǶԣƤΪŵˡ
ʻԺ⵹⣬, λ, ǰϲгȥʫ, ڻףҲ
ʹģ׳ǰԼֳˣڹ˽ȫȻͬ, 񲻹˽Ľ, Ȼ֮
ЩŵǣʾȻǸߣ
Ϊ, Ǹ߲ΣǳȴԼӲŵȥժ, Ҫˤ˿ʱ
ˤˤȥ, ҪǻˤԼܵԺɾʹˡ
ʶĶһԵ˼ȥЩӣǧ𡭡λӵӡ
˼æӦСŹȥҪæ
Ѿժһ, ˼˼˵أϴЦɲ˵ǣⲻǺúõģ
ȴݶɫֵ࣬󣬲ѰˣҪΪá
Ҷ˰ٵ˵ЩĿ˿ʣЩΣȴǵ֪ˣҲǺǰһ֥ƢԶ˷Щˡ
ȴΪ²ơ
ԣȰԼ̰ѷŵһߣҲɫš
˻ʩһ񣬸ӣһԵҶƽʮοҪԺ΢ЩҲʡԼ¡
˵ʱȴ۾Ŭס۾Ρ
ֻԺҲ֪ԼҶүΪʲô²λŵˣǣү
ԼҶүı£ܰԼ˽ĺܺõĲ˵ĵ޷
ӿ۳ʣ˵ɫ͵ԼҶү̶Ǯʱһģһ
Ƶĺûʵ۵ǲ
ܿǱ㲻£ȥΰڵѼ¡
˼ϴõѶŵϣԱ߰ѵǩ
ͬҶƽּûƼʵ磬ںδ
ҶƽѹںԺľ˾ƣ˵Ҫȡͬ
ɵüû뵽Ѿˣ֮ǰԼСܻǸžζͻģ;Խˡ
ϾԺӣʣΪֳûȥߴֻŵһȱǡ
ºҶСĵǱߴ˴գ㿪͸⡣
ѾʢʱڣⶾúܣѼܵӰһƬֻǹķ绹ԵЩ
ȻĲԼϣҶֿס֡
ȻֽŲǱȳԵ͵»Ҷ˲١
ɵʵȵˣ
Ҷʵͷ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ӵȥҴ
ӦһתŽһȥ̧Ȱڼǰ򿪣Ƽͷһ
Ѱ˼õģʹȻУڹԱв̫׼ҪЩҵ׵ĸ˼ҲŻá
Ҳţֱӵ֮ǰ˵ı̶Ӵ߸ڸĸԼһһһ
㣬أ
ԭʣȻ˳ʣ͸⣬ȻҪӵģʾȣƽӳǮҳ̶׳ⱾǹӦã޹ڹӸ񣬸ұδñ㲻Ҫˡ
һ仰Ͱѳʵɻ
ʹƣλҲҪı£Ե޹ʾҪԼͶ˭Ĳ
ƫ˵Դǣư˽ĶûУټڳе˽Ǽҹµģʱ˵ǣ̾˿ٱˡ
¶˽ͷһЦݣڵֻҪĻ£ʲôһģգ̶ӱʱӦòùʧġ
ʼ֮ǰ̶;¼ͼ֮£ȻֻǳȥˣȴѾ֮ܰǰհ׵ĵط
Ǹϲˣ֪֪˷ƽ֣ЩȻǼġ
˷飬ͬ˵̶Ҫ׼ĶǳûӳҪ˲ٱˣʶһһӦˡ
۳Ƿ񿴳˼ӦΪ̶ܴĺôԶȸĶøߡ
ЩҶ̫ע⣬ϵڣС˲ǲĵġ
С˲ӰѱҶ鲻Сıԥһµһ飬ʣµķŻȥɡ
΢㶣̣Ŷү˼ȷġ
ҶȻ˼ǮҶηñһֱݳޡ
ֻñңһСһСãñһڣԱȷ磬ϰϰ
ıúܣôõҲǮǮġ
űȸҶõġ
С˲ǼŸո˵Ļģ˵ҪһȻȻΪҪġ
Ҷɲ֪˵Ǽ٣ֻҪ˵ģ
ܵԼ๫⣬ʲôˣֻģС˲Ȼ̣һȥ˱ңһˮϹԵȷŻȥɡ
ӼûзԣӦһҶĻȥˡ
һţҶ˼룬ûڣֻսԼӵָ⣬΢̡
Ľۺʱǹͬʱʱ̰̿Ҷļһ
ˣ򸴺
û֮飬Ķǵ̶ӻѵͼȫ˺ҪЩʲô
Ҷƽ֣࿴÷ۣܾԼСúֻҪһԼһأ͸𣬾ǲͱ˴˵ʱ޿̲Ŷ
Ҷƽ־뵽˻ɫҲ߶Ų֪ʲôأ
ʱժѾ˸ɾ
ڳʻǹԼ͵ܣ
Ѽܵӱʯģѡǹ԰õƷ֣Ȼۡ
Ƴʱ˸Ҷ˱ңûմƣ۾ǿ˿ϵѣֿ˿оƣɫȻ֪Щʲô
ϵĲ˶عģȻСʳǽսӴǳʣȻСʱ䣬ֱȥ˷ׯﶨһϯ档
عûжʣȴ֪˵֣أȻиԼҳӰѿҵı¶˳
ЩҲҶҶƽֳԵĸˣֵܺͳʶû̫ӡ
¶Ǻ󣬵һſµı
Ȼɻû˽ⱭֻԺЩͿסϷ죬ſϾ˯
Ȼû뵽Ĳȣһº󣬶˼ȥѾжЩԵĸһ˯
˼Ӧһ㼱ææĿԼҶүݡ
ȴֳûиȥſӣЦŶơ
ɾ֣ȴûֱʣȻȵĸҶϺǣմմϣŷŵҶ
ʴ˴γҪ˵˻ᣬҲͲٵȣһɣһ׮Ҫ㵥
˻һҶƽֱ׼ҪԼСö㿪
ҶЩãȻϻϺʡ
վҲ͹˵һ˵ȥ鷿ɺã
룬¶ȷʵҪ˽˵źãͷһȥ鷿
Ҷƽּ״ȥɿҶ֣ԼСһɻæųԣùǡ
Ҷȴ˿ӣЩĵĿ鷿򣬶Ҷƽʵ磬Ҫ˵ʲô飿
ҶƽָųվãȻ֪ԵɣֻǳûеԸˣҶƽ־ֻܴͷβ֪ƫҶҶɶԴԼСôǲͬģֻܺԵ¡
⻰Ҷգգ۾ͻȻ๫檡
ҶƽּᣬЩЦãģû÷檣ǡ˵Ե
ܱƺΪ˵ģֻ
ҶףǳҪԼϱء
¶˸Цݣ֪ɻȢ˭ŮС˲οҶƽֵѴʱסӣûϸʣǰϺԵÿġ
ȻȥʱҶסʵ๫Ҫ˵˭
Ҷ֪޲޲̵ϼ֮ǰӵġ
ϼҡ
Ҷգգ۾Ǻͻһң
Ƥͷǣǻʺá
Ṇ̀ԼܾȻҪ˻ʵ۵ˡ
֮ǰʰߣɻΪҪҵԧף˭뵽Ǵ˳֮˼
ϾŵԶʹβǳ򲻸ŵġ
ֻǳҲѻ˵ɺϼܳ£ԺҲЩ̣һְȫҲΪɿǡ
΢΢۾ѾǺͳһ߲ˡ
ʰҪߣõܳ࣬ʯһıˡ
˵ϼ£ڸ·
·ʵǺŴ󻧣˼ζʸϵģ·Խãζǰ·Խա
ԭԼͬǺ£ڿҲȻ
Ҷûô࣬ЦӯӯĵҲú˵һˣϴﻹ˵أۼҵĴŶý˲ˣȻýĻǲҪӦеĺá
˻һ۾
ҪǵӦԵˣҪȢңʱТȫ鷳ˡ
֮ǰ֪֮ʱҪţȴ˸ɾҶѣֻ»ǲ¶
ƫͷҶףҶȻ̫ʲôȴЦеס˵ľӣչȥ
Ȼ˼ңҶȥԺԼҶߺͱһ࣬ӣֽҪдš
ʵҪ˴ݣ
ɸ봫飬ԽԽá
գӾ䵽ңϵžͱȥӡ
øӴŶǸҪģæȥϡ
ʱСŷ𾭣ȴ󿵽ƽ
ǰϹСΪʱʱҪȥŹתȦֻİ
Ӻ˲٣޺֣Ů˫ȫӹ˳˳ˮϱġ
ӽϾͣת֣Ťͷ˿΢̣ô¶ˣ
¶ǷǰŮϳµգ¶
⺢ʱ䲻ȴǷϻ̥ʱúãŸкҲͿСһ͸ԺŶƫƫϾ;¶ĲУƽʱǳ˯ˣͷһ¾СŮɺá
߹ȥվطˣ¹ﻹûѣүøģµ¶Ŵ˷о
飬ִｫֽӹ
Ÿϸ͵ͲҲֽϸһţдҲࡣ
ϢҪ
Եϴȫ
䲻࣬ȴе˼
̶ӵȥү
ԭׯϣ˵Լû˵ͻˣȵʱѾҹͷϼ˵ˣ£
ϱк£ֽݸ
ƣ̧ͷϣʲôϴ
ӸԱ֪Լ๫ˣĵĵ˵ۼɵ£лϰæ۲ġ
ɫԽ֣ôʲôܣԵ±Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԡ
ؾʦ۶ӵ컯㻹ˣϵһۣʵϲŽŵɴӲ˵뻰Ȼ˵¶ҪǾǽҪǻĺá
ԥһ£ŵ֪ݴͬ˵¶ҪǧۼҶӣܲѡ
ǰҲܾ֪ݵĺ⣬ȴϣֻҪûͷͳɣƾҪƣȻĳ飬֪ݴһʼͲͷĺá
죬û˵ü仹Щǵġ
֣ⲻǵˣǴӦ˲ǵˣ˵ʲôȶҪ
ȻŸһ㣬ȴ޶ģҸͦȰͷд˷øӸȥ
ɽӵŵʱһ¡
õڼ˵ףͷʱԼɼм䣬ⲻˣû׼а
黹ûɢˣϲ¡
ڷдһġΣʢ˥ʡ˼ԣɵȴҶ⣬С˲קһȥԡͰԡͰڵ棬һֱ˯¡
ֹһ£ɢЩҶԵԺǧ
ʯʱƼڼǧõӣʯæƿߣƼҶɵʵôǧˣ
ҶСƤԣŤͷʯЦңϴȥҸ˻ǧԺҪ֮ǰȣδأ΢ˬЩ˴һ档
ʯߵҶ£˰Լʳ̵ϣл˵ǻߣ˻ȥת񱦰ЩǺ£ʡ춢鿴ۻ۾ʯϿЦ⣬ָк⣬ûУ
ЦűסҶ֣Ц۾ʯϵĻȥϳ˱̣ˡ
ֻȻ˵룬ȴҶȻ뿪ס
ʯϳȻ֪Ƣԣʹ˿˿ģ˸ˣŵĴǵ
ȥ䵭ģֻҪʶģ˭ɡ
ȴһֻҪڣͲñ˱ܻһίۡ
ʯ֪С⣬ҲЦŵǺõġ
Ҷɵú棺ã
ʯЦſһͷҲͽһƢԣˡ
ҶûڴȤԼͷ⣬ŮȻҵġ
ʯͷҲչȥһ£СҲףЩ˼İҶ
ֹ˻Ƿûñ˯ˡ
ҶݸĪӱȥ˯۾ſʯϣʵӳղǲ˵
ʯϵͷչȥ˵ֱѧʿˣվͻ뾩
ֱѧʿ
ҶְЩ죬֮ǰǸ³߹ֱѧʿģֻǸѾһˣ⼸ﻻ
ְ治ĸߡ
ʯϵɩɩĿڷ磬εѡûԺģҪЩֻҲ˴·
ҶԹٳһϲֻͨ׼ϸ˵˵ǡ
ʱСشҴ߽ʯڣԥһûпڣʯϿóм£Цǡ
뿪Сزẉ̂ʯͷүԺ˴ˡ
лҪ˵ܵܣ˰
ʣҲи˼
Ҷ϶
ϣ
-ҵ˶֪Ҳ֪-
=w=
һ½ϣо~
СաΣʢ˥Աԩϳ


171 
ʯͷˣ
Ҷ, վ, ҴʯͷԺӡ
Դҽ¼ҵլԺ, լۡһطҲܶࡣ
÷˻ˮݣ¸˼ҪסԺӡ
⻹С, ʱôżҲҶԺﲻ뿪, ˯᷿ҲߣԼСԺҲͿţʯͷ, иԼԺ, ʶҶ˸ԺӲõ
ʯͷԺŴ, ϰϰҲ⾳, Ժﲢû̫ƯĻ䣬ֻ˼洦ҩĻӦطǲСľľȤ
ЩģҶҲԼ๫Ʒζá
С˲βīƵģܰѿЩ˵ЩŵҶȻƵóǺÿġ
ֻҶĹͣҴҵĽݡ
һţƼϹɰͷʯͷ
һҶ, ʯͷͻæ㿪УСסգͷС˵˾䣺
ҶǸ׽⺢ҶԺͷһޣʯͷСʱ˵ҶÿСģҶڶǵãͶԴһ޶ġ
ҶȴûлӦֱ߹ȥСĵʯͷַ
ű㿴ʯͷǵĺ죬ϵࡣ
СʯͷѾ֮ǰԲԲģЩҲʵ٣ԭཱུҲģʯͷģǰ׾ɰģҶûмҵģ
Ҷһƾ;ֳۣ˻۾ֱӿźʯͷСˣҪԵɡ
һ˫۾ӯӯˮЦģȪƵġ
ȴǱȼһ㣬˴Ҵ
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Ҷԣͷ׮ȴ˭ģЦʯͷķʯͷãôˡȹЩǧܣʱһ档
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һǣ˴ʯͷһŪҶҲʣֻܽѾͿҩ޲Сʯͷϡ
һ飬һ飬ɫҩ͸޲¶˸ԲԲĺۼСһģŵЩȤ
ʱҶʵʯͷ߶˭㣿
ʯͷ۾Ҷ֪ҶϧģҪʯͷȴҡҡͷллǶԵģҪھȥҵĲǡӲǿ׳˱ˣ´ҶӮģԼãô
ҶҲͲ˵ʯͷķЦŵͷ
ǹָʯͷ˿ҶүЩ첻ҪմˮҪʳÿջҩ˺ܿˡ
ʯͷԹԵӦһҶգգ۾żƽʯͷʯͷĽйˣʵʯͷҲǺܺġ
Ҫ뿪ҶȥƣҩǶġ
СС̧ͷͿҶָ
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ȴǸʵģûüˣͱһŪ죬ſúܡ
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ҶƽȻ֪˭, ǻˣҶƽֶȻЦ󣬾ܼ֮ģ
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ҶƽַЦ, ĪҪˣһʺЩʣǳ鲻, ԭ˶ʫҲ׼ʱԼˡ
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Ҷƽּͷŵ֮ǰλֱѧʿ³˱ټ߹˹ң̥ȴҪԩͷŷƭﶨף˼ҹĲ˳Ҳǻá

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ʵҶƽ֪ЩȥΪʶ¹Уʱһʾȥ飬ָµۼλҪΣͰλ³˸ɨȥˡ
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Сֶնüͷ˺һ󣬶ҡҡͷ
ǲǵãֻ񱦴С飬Ҳϲīֽ⣬˾Ҫʲôʱרץܵʱ֪
ҶˣͽݵǰС硣
⣬СǸˣжƽʲô
Ҷֱӵݵǰཱུ촽񱦿˺һ֣񱦼۸磬Цһ

Ҷһ⻰𴽽Цƽʱ˵Ļ㶼ŵģԲԣ
񱦱ʲôڱ⻰ʱ˵ģȻܵѧȥ
Сһ˸ոյ飬ҶҶѣһǲ˼ˡ
ҶҲ˳ְ
ֹŮֶӣҲó߿ұ߿úܡ
󣬱㵽ҹʱ
̥ͻС࣬˯˱㱻˶᷿
§Ҷǲߣû취ҶҲֻܰԼ˯ˡ
ҪֱԼӣмŸСֶգҲֻܺҶɺá
ϨҶŵ๫ţ˵¶סˣɩɩҲӣӿúܡ
Ӧһŵ¶ȱʯͷ
С˲Щ⣺ΪΣ
֮ǰ˵Ϊ˵Ӹճ߶ҪһȲ˵źס
סˣҲøʯͷеõ˰
͵ʯͷڸսԺ˼ûǹνҪ˵ҲƲƽҲûĺôˣһȣҹҪȥģʱ˵Ҳˡ
Ҷ˵ӦһȥҪ๫˵ǡ
ȴм仹иСӣһھϡ
Ͷ˶˯֡˯ŪС޿Цá
ҲʱЪ˼˵ʲô׼˯ˡ
ɱ˴˶Էĺû˯š
Ҷָ΢Ȼɨ˵ģһ̾ͱ£
ҪֳȴԽԽ
ָֻбоҶ˵ģʢʱڽ쵽һȪˮƵģˬúܣȴŻɢ
ǣԭ֣Ҷס˵ָ⡣
С˲ƽţ۾Ŵʶʵ๫˯𣿡
˻ûء
Ҷԥһ£¶㡣
£˵ɡ
ңˡ
Ȿͨͨһ仰ҹʱҪķѾ񣬻ҪЩġ
˵ղֻҪһԼӣھӿ
ܱô׵òɾԼǰ
ڣиԼһ
Ťͷ˯˲񱦣Ұȥڰɣ
ҶĿˮģҲСȥ档
仰˼ڸ׳ȥӾˡ
䷺죬һֱסԼҶӣţΪ˵ҸԼ˯
ǸһСʲô
ȻСһѾ߶˺һֻǸղСϼҪ¶ûע⵽һֱս˱񱦵
ŴŴҪꡭţˡ
ˮʪһƬ
Ҷ

һ£ʲô𶼽ûˡ
лҪ˵񱦣ίûô

=w=
ȫڵıԵ̽
һϣȻҪ͵߻


173 
ڶ, ᷿Ĵġ
ССĴ˸ǷʶĳԱ߱һ, ȻŵҶϵζ
ÿϵζǲͬģ, , ܺ, ǵҩζ, Щɬȴζ, Ҷ񱦾ζ
ͷ͵Ĺ㣬ζ, ս˲ŵ
ΪҶڵ˲ξǻڣý񱦺ϲճ, ۶֪ԼŵףҶ˲䡣
ɲҶ͸оһ
񱦾ͱ˴Ҷʶĵ˵Сȣһ̧ͷͶ۾
ҶԴӲԥģǶȴܶÿɫ
ѰʱżԼҵʱ, ڣҪЩ
ʵɵ§סĲӣԼҵקҲ㲻ŴŴĵ񱦶ˡ
һཱུСƨɣЩѾȥ׼緹ˣٳԡ
񱦹ɵͷЦЦ
ǵ˵ƣʲôһ𣿡
̧ͷһܣŵôˣֵͷ˿ԼҲˣ֮ǰǸأкÿĻ
ԣ۾
⺢ӷˮԺ󣬴Ҫµģ춼ʪû˯ˣ˽ʰҶҲû˼ʲôԵˣлҲˣֱӱһ᷿˯
ֻôһҲ˲ʱҶˣڻ˯š
ǵͷ˿Ŵ۾ԼĶӣ¶ֵû㡣
գգۣԭµ
֪ô

񱦲֪Լˣһ죬ֱӰĻʹıԼҵ˵⸱ˣƤģŪҲɵùǡ
ʵ⺢˵ʱҶûӱϾС̲סȻڴϡ
׼Ͷ̸̸
̧ͷʱίͰ͵ĿԼҵԺ󲻻ˡ
ѾЦʵҲˡ
Ҫ͵һ˯СһԴĵĺܣ˿ͷ֪βֱͦ˺󱳣Ŀ⾼Ҳϲ˯
Ϲ˵ϲ˯
ﷴȴû˵ֻСֶյ
󣬻ίĻ˻֡
ֻûԵҹ˯ȻôֺõģƳһۣ²Ϊ
񱦿˿˻ŵǵ˯ǰҪܺˮˡȻһ̲ס϶ȻԼȥԺ˯
һ⻰֪⺢ӲµԼ˼˵ͷòԼĶӣǻ顣
֮򹴹Ƕ˾Э顣
ʱСү˵һʱ̳š
ԣƴ⣬ջʵô磿
û˵
ҲͲٶʣǵ˵Ӧˣǹ˽Կڲ衣
ǡ
С뿪Ͱ񱦷ŵ˴ϣȻ˸۾Ķ񱦹ԹԵĵͷ˱ŴչȥҶĶס
С˲ÿֻҪһ
Ǳһ£ҶԾЦȻ۾Ƽ§һ£ıС죺๫𣿡
ѰȻ˯ŵʱġ
𴲣ֻ˼¡
Ҷĺ󱳣Ż빬ģɡ
ҶӦһȴſӣԴЩֱӣŤͷȥԼѡ
Ҷһ۾Ϳ˻Сƨſڱϵ񱦡
СģŪŮ䴽һЦ־ͰѶһ˴ϴ
ʱ仹У緹ȵ꣬ȥ˺̥ŵ
Ҷǳ͢빬Ҳߵ񣬹ʶŴ粻Ҫֻ̫ҪЩˣҶϻʺϲ̫ˬ˸ؾѣûѡЩʽģʡĲصۡ
Ƕϻʺ󵽵ȾʲôҶ֪Ҳ̫һֱ˹ֽϻʺҶ֪鲢Ҷƽ˵ôƵᡣ
ϻʺǿЦЦЩεĿŻĻѽˣ
ϻʺҶǽһˣǽŵģҶ֪˼ɾĺùﱻĻŵ
ǻȴҲڲסȣԲɵ÷ŻҲ֪ɩˡ
֪ȻҶ빬ġ
ΪҲҶţΪϻʺݲѰŮӣǵʺȴеԵֻ²ʲôѰ¡
ҶǻɩɩǹҶҲǸŹŮԼӾͺܺãûҪǣЩ
˾⹬︻ûʣֻףԽĿӣԽԳն
С˲ȴûô࣬ûбŵҲûмɵʲôֱ߹ȥڴϣסϻʺ
ϻʺֻԼţ˹ˣǴЦﲻģҲµġ
Ҷȴ˿᣺Ƕ
һ仰ûüͷ
ϻʺ󲢲ʹǣѾˣֻҪӡ
Ҷȴ֪ⲻǾܳɵġ
ⶾʲôҶ֪ôҲֻ֪ϻʺӱͲãǸкһԽ˥ܣⲻܣֻҪۿۡ
Ҷ΢΢üʲô취ϻʺͷԣֻҶΪԼģϻʺȴЦ
֣סҶ֣ģûд󰭵ġ
⻰ϻʺƭǵġ
֮ǰ̫ҽεʱ򣬱ӻ˵ˣֻϻʺ̫ҽؿƿʶ֪Լһʺ״
ϻʺ˵̹Ȼ
֮ǰ̫¶ʱϻʺΪԼˡ
ӰܻܣϻʺҲԼԵ֣󲻻˺
·ֻŶһһ꣬ܿźӳźá
Եϻʺﶼоϡ
һԵϣʵɩ˭ҪҰæ
ϻʺЦЦȴҡҡͷ
¶ǰӵಿ˻֪ĵϻʺȻ׳ʵϻλһ·Ҫ̤ƽ
ܿܣ˰ˡ
ֻǳʴδζڱƵǽǲŻᷴǼֵܣ޲ðѳʴж˿ſģȾ˵ΪǳӮˣ֮ǰĹȴҪµ۲ʣߵڰ׵һѺ֡
ֻϵ˭Щ˭ϻʺҲͬ硣
ҪĲϻʺ󣬶ǳʣֻײӦϰˡ
ֻϻʺ˻ҵ׼ġ
ϾǼλӵٲϻʺ㣬ǳʲ֪ġ
ϻʺҪǼҹ£Щȥ
Ȼһʱ˵ϻʺҲ̹ȻƽЩ飬Ҫ֣㡣
һף¹ԼǼ֡
ϻʺʵֻǺйϵģ˵ΪãֻǻϻʺȴǸΡ
ԼһȻҪûɩŮӵ
ϻʺȴûлôݣ෴ӱӶļᶨ
ȻЩûүϻʺȻҪʮٱȥ֡
Ȼ˲ҪͱҪˣ±ˣҲҪǰͷȥһ¡
ֻϻʺǴЦģҪҶͻȴҶĿ⾼Ŀ
Ҷ軨㣬Ȼó󣬿Ƕ棬㶨Ҫúšǰ׺ҶȻεĲˣ֦ӻڡ
ܹõġ
˻һסϻʺҲֱӡ
Ҷ֣죬ѹܾң
С˲εͷܡ
һ֣ûɴ۾
ɲȻڣϻʺ̧̧֣ʾ
ϻʺҶû٣Ϊ˳ʵǿҩҶģϻʺ֪ҶƷԣֻҪ˵ܣǾܵġ
ϻʺֻ˾䣺Ϊξң
ҶЦЦҺãȻҪð
⻰˵ףһֱôȴ࣬ϻʺ߬Ҷ֣ͻȻñӷᡣ
δҶģΪʶʱ򣬵һμ֪Ůѵõ͸ˣˮһģһܿ׵ĴȻ
Խ˼ӣԽϲ͸ˡ
֪㣬ϻʺ׽ʹڻʺ֮ҲϧҶϻʺ֪ԼڸжоȣΪݴȻġ
վѵá
ϻʺȻǵЦ۾ûаʪ󣬶Ҷãϻʺϳ˹ŵ壬ҶϣſڣҺãԺ󣬶Ȼá
Ҷ⻰ķһԵĻȴףֻһ仰壬Ժһҳңһǡ
С˲ǾԼÿν㶫ȥ񡭡߿գõĲ̫ԣҶһʱҲ벻Ĵʶ
ϻʺ㶮β飬ĪҪ֪Ȼƽ׵鷳ġ
Ҷ˵ͷС˲˼ֱʵúܣֲУĵĲļˣԵ
ϻʺֿ˿̸ŵͷʾԼ˵
۾ȴҶЩΪ֮ǰưܵܿˡ
Ȣ˸ӡ
ϻʺûкҶϸ˵ԵģЩм˵Ҳ˶䣬οҶͲΪЩģҲƽ׵Ҷģ粻ᡣ
С˲Ҳ棬ϻʺֻǳ꣬ûġ
СӹúúõģҲûǷȥͱ˵ӡ
ϻʺҶͻԷҲʱԸȥ׼
Ҷʱʱŵ϶Ǻܳ죬ŪЩȵĿҶǺ
Ҷȷ磬ԶҡҡͷֻҴû˵ʲô򿪿֪ˡ
ֻǿ˸սȥһƬ⣬ŪҶԾ۾
ƿӣͿ
ߵΣн񣬻вƥұߵһӵе룬⿴ģ֪ǷƷ
ɵÿҶⶼѵõģʱô˵ģ
Ҷգգ۾˵Ǹץõġ
ץܡ
ץѰѶںץЩôصĻͷؼ
СغȵţҶ֣ңϸϸѸոշ˵һ˵
Ҷ̽ղŷ˵˸ס
ֻ꣬ñһð亹
ﶮβֵ֪ЩҩĻǷƷҲ֪
ʵƽС˲ΪԼصĺܺõСܣﶼ׵ģֻӲ׷ʣҲ档
˵ʹҶ˵˲ξҲûʲô
ϾԣӶ׬ģҶӵʲôˡǲ⣬ӹúֱˣٸʵײû˼
ϻʺǲҪѪϴˣҲںԼûϵ鲻ôࡣ
µģҶϻʺԼβ顣
Ҷϻʺ˼˷ƷҲã˶ԳУȻԼҽֻ²뿪ʹġ
ҶԣЩǣ๫ʲôأ
ֱţʺ˵ĶԣЩ򲻿ɸˡ
ҶЦЦǶҺãҲãҲŲ˵ء
ԣһ㶣Ҷ˼
ԼӴƲ٣ȴɵԵ⿴˵ıҶ˭þ׼
ˣɣûˣҲ˵Լһֱȥ
ƫҶ㵥ģȴܿ׼͸õĻĵһμ֪
ֻҪͷģȻŤͷԼոյĵȷʵǹˡ
¶˸ЦͷҶ˵öԣúܡ
Ҷ̧̧°ͣɫһ޶Ȼ
Ҷְˣ룬ǽŵһɡ
Ҷһ£֮ǰ͵Ľ𣿡
ԣһ𣬡˿壬ǱȻһźá
ҶӦȥá
ֶ˼䣬ЩҩĻ黹Խ֪ԽãҶ֪Լ㶼ӦˣЯţȥӡ
Ȼ˵Ǹ̥ģǾͺúţǳٸ
ϻʺ󰵵͹ûʹͣǲԸۣԲϸҫʲôһֱ̥ʱĶûбó
ץҰĺܴȻЩ˼ֻԹѰ˼Ҳ룬ųȥ
˶ģҲЩ͢ԱֻЩٵĶǳҶƽֺģϻǸ׽УҲǴ򿪴ţҪı֡
ȻǻĳܣԱߵһЩŮĳӣйоࡣ
ǲҪûʣǵķЩ̼˼ȴҡЩڳΪٲۣŵ͵Щ
ʱһԶ
ȻŲ󣬵һ֪⳵߹ĺܣƽȣҲˡ
Ҷƽӭ΢΢۾
һͬȴûǱ߿ЦŵѾȥˣô
ҶƽƳһۣˡ
Щ棺˭
ӡ
ܱҶƽֳƺΪӵģֻгˣûȴţҵӡ
ʱӱƿһһɫȹŮӳ
ǳʣҶƽ־ͱ۾
ȴסˡ
Ůװ磬Ŀ΢΢ͷʱǻһÿ
ģüۼȴż塣
ŮҲ˲٣øڲͬҲ˱ӡ
˱Ѿʯϡ
ʵû̫仯뾩ŮȻϵʫ᳣ϺͻĹϵиø磬ݲ
ȥҪõҲҪõģԼ
ʯûҪάķңҲȱǮôô
عͷȥƣʯϾõԼɵÿЦһǵ˺ʱ⣬ԼԼ̫ˣһЩǲɵء
Ž̥ץ磬ʯͳˣ·˺ɣ㱻ϳʯŹӰȴ˲ʱ򣬹ʱѾһš
ʯżʱӵЩȥȡҴӡ
ɾʱʯϴԼǹżһˣʧƽ⡣
ûץסӵ֣һ۳žҪӳȥʱʯŵñ۾
Ǿʱס˵Ӿñһۣʶ˹ȥǡɱסʯϡ
ʯϷӿվϻЩδͷƼ˵ŵĽʣӣԼӡ
ʯϾ̧ͷǰͷȥ
һ۱㿴ϵҶƽ֣Լһûȭ
ʯʶҶƽΪҶǸȭŵıû˽ʵĳԼ
վȺʯԶԶػ˸ȴûʲôӽͻȥҲȥл⡣
Ůбʯϱûǰֻվԭؿš
ٰѽˣʯֶлװĺӣҴҽš
ٲƣᣬֻҶƽһ䣺λǡ
ҶƽһҳʣشҲģʯҷˣ֮ǰͬ¼Һġ
ˣ
ЦֻҲ֪Լʲô־ԼոյͷЩ죬һЦݣװģĸҶƽһΣԼҲ֪ԼҪʲô
ڴʱʵڻ
лҪ˵ҺãҶ
ʯϣҺãҶ
ϣҺãҶ
ҺãҶ
Ҷţ
ӵѣడ
=w=
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174 
Ҷƽַ, ҲҶƽ󣬿첽ȥ
ŵĳʲûǵϯˣ
ҶƽӦһ, ӣûУˡ
ʵͷ, ð𣿡
, Ϥˡ
û˵
ΪҺɣҲΪ֮ǰ̶ӻһֱûʱ̸̸, ºһһˡ
̶׬Ľ, ʲûǰ㿴, ֪ǹ⵽Ǹʲôģ
ʲȥ, Ҳûȥƣȴס档
ݺ沢Ϊ, Ҫ, ַ, ΪΪҪϸϸ, ЩͨԶ統˵С
ֻ˲ٹԱϳ˳Ҳ鷳ʶʵ޾Ͳȥ, ȥ, ɢơ
ǡ
м飬ɢϯˣʯ͸, Ȼס˵ţ˽һԷŵݸҶƽ֡
ͷŵǴ̵ӣһ滹˸С첼
ȻҶƽǲֱ˵ģȻǻϸģȻԢ⣬ֻβ͸ˡ
ʵߵĹС½˭ԣ˭ܰ
ֻ˽£ȻҪ׽ˡ
ҶƽֽӹԣӦĿͳʵ뿪
һԵͬһֱʵֱӣҶƽʵⶫҪϴȥӵλʯˣ
Ҳһ·ųʴӶ߳ģҲղżȻģҶƽֱʵǣλʯˣոհľá
ʵʯپЩ²⣬ȷϣ¶˸Цݡ
ϾͰЦˣתҲҪͣȥҲס
ԭʵ˼Ƕ㿪ԼĹϵֻʯҶƽֹϵãԼ޹رǣҶƽִȥҲˡ
ҲְģϸȵĻҶƽ⡣
ȴԼĵҲȥʶһλʯ˵ġ
ҶƽһǾȣ̶ο
սϾһֱߵģ˵ҶƽֶԳ֮²Уپǳ׵׵ĳٶۣӲЩƣ˼һۿס
ôȻеģΪ˴ҳϣҲܵõˣ佫ױ׿Ӻ
Ȼ۶ʶһ»ʵۿõĳҶƽȻΪοȻᵳӪ˽ֻ˵ٵ۽ǰ˲١
ȴ֪ٴȫԵ˼ȻģҶƽҲŪ˹ȥ
ֻҶƽֵɣȥҲһġ
ʹ٣ٹĽӹ˻裬ϵЦضزס˱һǰһǰ
ںãʯϽʱЦ
⣬ĸ㹫ӶûУЦе֣С
̺ϵı̥˺ɫѣཱུģ˺Ŷһ
Բ˵°ﶼԼԼԽԽˣ¶һЦĺĸŪûһƬһѱ壬Ա˵
ȴһ˻ۣһˣһ˸Ƿ˯˹ȥ
˭ж෭ڲԶϰһȦСҲ˿Ȥ
ץĶ˯˼
ҶһţͻȻץƺҲʲô¶
ŹأץҪǰץ꣬ץܵҲбֻͣ
ʶ̥ʱԱվŵ˲ࡣ
ʯϳ׽Ҳǵץ
һѽʵļӣǸӣΧĥԲԲģҲ򲻿˲ˡ
õǸϺʣʸ˱ͨϸҲĶ̣ʺСӡ
ҶˣЦźʯϵлʯϻ˸Цͺͻվһ
ǸѰ£ȴ͸ŲͬѰ
ʯϺ¼ҵǾһ̸ʣ˵ʲôĶУϾڸ˵ϣ˭Ҳ²ס
Կʯϣ¼ȷʵǶ𣬵ǸȻڱڸʯϡ
˵͵£ŮЦܹ˵ʲôĶС
ЩЦͼʯ龩֮Ȼ޴棬ڻʯϽõҲܣ˱һֶ˵
֮±ˣҵȴҪ䳰ȷҪ±˵죬ֻ͵˵˵ᶼᣬˡ
ʯ뻪Ц̣ﶼԴʯҲ顣
ʯȻŵǳЦƺûʲôͬ
ֻԼ֪Щ˵жĶټ⣬ʯϲӦˣֻҶʱʯвů⡣
С˲ûͬ˵ʲôǶԼԱ⣬ץˡ
֮ǰҶ̥͹ץܵ˼ȴûѵҪץʲô
в˼ΪԼĺӵõɾ۰ץǰ̺ץʲôץʲôΪָ
Ҷȴûô鵱ϷӲϲҶҲͦԼҺӻץʲôġ
ľͰץܵĶ׼ȫڲBǼץʲô
Ȼץܶ˵Ȼȫ
ףɻǸһоеˡ
ǵһվģߵѾȵ˵ҲʢĲB̿һȦͶҶʵϲʲô
Ҷһ֪⺢øԼ΢һЦԼϲģϲﶼϲ
⡰ŶһȻſ˿
Ǹޣܶණʶֻ˸ԼõסƯġ
һ£ĻƣЦݣ㲻ǵⶫԼǰ
һվŵĪ̵ץ⣬ԺȻ˳ġ
Ҷһ͸ˣףСЦͣ
ֻǵҶʱ򣬾Ͷһ˫Ĵ۾
ⲻһ֪ץܵ˼ֻ̫֣ŲB۾ȴʱʱĿ񱦡
ҲΪʲôԼЩãȻ
һץ˾ͳԷˡ
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˻һ˶Ž˵δܵ
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񱦵۾Ҫץ
Щ棺ץʲô
ץףץ񱦵ġ
Ǳǣˡ
ֱͣſϣԼԼ
ҲûãȵԳʱ񱦾ͶС̥м䣬ιһڣǱιһڣųԼſ͵ĵܵãЦιø𾢶һԵĪǽŵĶſʱ׼֡
Ҷֲ⺢ʲôҲܷЩ
һֱɫͲŽɢȥ
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ҶġšһһᣬͿͷ۾ﲻģУǻǲݣǻл˶ѡ
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Ҷ˻ϲʯϣϾʯǸõĹвʯϴδӴʲôԺĹԱû˵ϸףʵЩ֡
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֣ЦſƵ¶µĲǶӳģԼúòġ
ʯԣҲ˸ոյĽţֻܵͷȻĺùȻкõǰ̡
֣ЦӯӯĿԽԽԼ๫ġ
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ȻȲҶƽֵó裬ҲǸųվõˣʹְߣȴĸûЩ
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Ϻϻʺ˵ǰ˸߱ҩܻӣüѣ
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ԼѡɾԼҲˡ
ֻƼҶ͸ҶƽֵǼᣬ˵úܣֱҶôһ˵ҲסÿӼһѾкõӣֱҶŪС˲һĪ
Ҷˣֻ㣬Цúܣӳ԰ãǹϹ̫óԣͶˡ
¿ӣֱ΢գҶһ̹ȻҲһᣬֻͬҶ˵Ե顣
Χ˷ǲٶһ˵˽Ҳʹչ˵Цպĺܡ
Ϊж˷ɢȥʱҶע⵽ʯϻûл
ЩģŤͷСصȥӳںδʲô鷳¶Ҳðæ
ʱʯȷʵ鷳鷳ȴԼġ
ǰؾվŵӣʯϷߵӣ岽ľ룬Զ˵ҲĺܣˣǾеŮ죬ͬûʲô
ǱֱվƺЩţֽŶ֪ΰڷţֻھӪƵĽվһڵϵĳǹ˵ȴԾķŻҡҵ˸ÿΣģ֪ᣬǸ
ʯ϶٣һʱЩ˵Ǹʲôζ
ٴϴǰһ󣬾ͳԼڡ
һʼʯϻƣϾʱȫٳȲûԼӣǸֱˬƢܿͰĿı¶ˡ
ˣ׷ԼõķӸֱӡ
͸ǣ͸СˣһŵһŵģŵŮӵģǺ庢ӡ
ʯֲɵģ෴ѰŮӴϻ̫࣬˵˼еʯҲ֪ġ
ֻǣϲÿĶرġ
һ˾סŮӹңԼȢ֮;˼ʯͬ˵ֳۣʯԼԼûҪȥпҡ
ĽԼ飬ʯϻûҪ޸
ʶǳʳģʯ϶ͻȥһû
ż٣ʯҲֻƫϸŸԼ£ȻδζСģʯʯԽ
֮ǰİĿʯϷٵĺúȴøԶ
ƶᣬ۲ӡ
ʯͷһƼôҪƤģ֮ǰҲ޵ĸʯ˭֪ʯᵽپ˵ǸõģǸͣʯҲʵ˵¸ŵԼֳڳϵǰֻ̣ܶٱŲ
˵øûУʯƭˣʵĺøԶԶʯ¹߽լ
֮ǰԹĿ̫࣬ȥҶġ
˭֪ǸںӣȴִţܵĹ԰
ʯ̧ͷǰ䵭ҲŭȹЩãٴδζЦǺǵĶһʯֻε˵Ļˣᣬ˵С꣬дѵĺǰ̣úķʱϣȻиõĹ䡣
ͷûʯ￪ģ˵Ҳƽʱ첻٣£ǶõĹ˵Ůשʺϡ
ʯһ㶣˵ʲô
ٱϰ֮ˣûôƣǿΧŸ¶ģ˵Ҳ͸ֱӣȢΪޣʵ⣬ؿɼֻҪͷھȥʯƸ
˻һʯϵˡ
ˣϸڵĲʯƺ󣬲ȱЩʫģʯ϶һֻۣ֪ûаġ
ƵĶˣʯΨûƼôֱֱȥġ
ƫƫ˵ʵ⣬Ͳ䷢ģʯ֪ģȻĳ⣬Ȼˡ
˵ŭ֮˵ĻҲûôƶ˼ôȥֱýƸ
ټˣŵˣС˵Ҳ˲٣ţҪֲס
ʯϵһۣ֮ǰ㣬Ҳ⡣
Ӧһȴûʲôܣǵ£ܹЩˣܵȵġ
ҪƤ
ʯϵû
֪ԼͻʯæǸ鷳ԺҾĵȣʲôʱˣҾȥƸ
پͰԼС̵һԵʯϣȻ֣ûӰ
ʯҧＷ˿ѧĹȴ͵͵飬桭桭
߶˰죬ȴһֱû˵
ЩʯҲ̫ЩһضûС
Ϊ⻰ʯͬ˭֪ջʯȴ˵ˣԶЩ˼Ĺصö࣬ûö֮ĸͶֵ˽֪֪ˣȫҵ
һ㶣ɵÿʯϡ
ʵЩ׷ʯϵӶʲô۶޷ǼʯӺùˣʯͼϸ˵ЩҪƭԼӡ
Ҳç¾ģΪʯ룬ϡ
ǣʯϾȻά١
룬ƺʹʯǷϲֻʯֲڼ޸
ٵƶԼӶˡ
֮ǰΪһԸƺȴԽ׳صԧ졣
ʯǸˣֻǸղűôһЩ벻ֻŤͷߡ
˼ʯֻͷӵǰ˶٣ƺǽƵģʡñ˼ߣ鷳
ȴ֪˲²⣬⻰ԽƶԼͶȴ֪ЦСܹȥ
ʯһֱԼգȷԼɫ糣ŴӷãʱƼſСأ֪ҶˣæмոٵҲԺ
ź󣬱ɫ糣Ȼ΢ЦӦԵŮͣݲȣƲոյ߷ߡ
ڼҶʯϸ¶˸ЦҶĸ첲ͬ˵
ʯ˼ˣεĹϹʽʼ
ѰŮӴһ̫ǰҪǻһЩȤϷ
ĲɵĴһʫֵĿͶͶ裬һԻˮһȤġ
еĹŮڹʱ;һϷȻԼȦӣԺʶһϷҲܴʱ䣬飬ǹϵĺûʱŷһҵĹֻվһۿܴĦ񾩳ǵľƵΡ
ĵȻעҶȴԵڣ㲻ں˭˭ˣ˭˭ã๫ǸģЩŴ󻧲Ҫ
Ҷʯϵģ֪˻Ѿ֮ϲԵ鵽ûô⡣
ͬҶ˵˲٣Ǵ֪ҶϻʺоɵģʶһҶȻһãҲùİԺõʱ
ҶЩҲһӦԷͬ˵ʱЦһڣò˵ϵĽ̵Ҷδȴ
ϯɢ֮Ҷпкʯϻл˵˵ȴиŮԼǰӯӯ°ݡ
Ѱ֮еĶƽͻȻƼôһͷģҶʶĲ˲ӣ۾ǿЩ⣺ǺˣΪΰң
Ů̧ͷʱһ˫۾ӵģʮֿˡ
ֻǻ󣬳ԼںǿˣʯϴȻЦȴû⣬ҶģûбģԻ
װ׵˸飬˳Ϸȴûйڡ
Ů΢죬վˣŮġ
ҶȻ֪⣬ȴǵͷĹ
ĹһĨЦƴСϴŹЦ⣺ҸͶͶļãۣ֪պлҵֽ̣
ʯһü⡣
ͶãǽڣΪ˽ʶҶ
뷨˲٣ֱּеȴͷһ
ʯϲ֡ͬҺþͲͬ˺áСŮֻ̬ڵ黹ҪЩŽӺã˵ػʯϾҪˡ
ûʯϿڣҶڼҲͶҲˣĹҪ˵ҶŵĹʦѵġ
⻰Ȼ˵Ŀȴûа׽֮⡣
˻һĹϵЦЩҲסΧƣҲþֵóųЦѾ߿첽뿪
ʯߺλּܶҵŮҸһСҲһ
Ҷ˼ʲôģֻҡҡͷҲϲ
Ĺ￴ſ⣬ͱˣС˲οܡ
ʯЦ£ϲͲˡ
һֱû˵ˬƲֹٻ˼ҵŮҪС͵ģÿ
ĹˣЦʯϺҶȥ˵һֱʱֲŷֿ
ظʱҶȥ̥˯žûдţֻܴչȥףС˳ȥ
Ҷȥ˷ʯͷ񱦵ĹΣԺӵ·Ƽͺβ͵СڣЩ⣬˲֪Ǳ˼ë
ҶСأСˣȴСһ̹Ȼ
ҶĿ⣬Сػص̷ģҾСڲۡëѣֲǶΪһֻβëɾ²˵Ĵ󹫼˻᳤£ϰˡ
ҶЦЦСصҲæһ죬ϲźˣЩϢ
С֪ҶЦӦˣ뿪ʱС׼˼ˣȥ뼦⽰ɣЩʵϺһȥ
ôһ˵ҶҲöˣͷӦˡ
ҶͬС˵ʱվڷ⣬ϦůĹǵӰͶϣϵĶѸٵĺϺ롣
ҶûȻҶƼ
ոշźãҶŽ
С˲οڣЦ⣬๫ĵ硣
Ц߹ȥ£Щ
Ҷȥϴ֣һİѷȡ¡
Ҷͷ̫أ˵קͷۣҪװ磬ǻؼҺǻ˷ȡβڡ
ʰͣ˲ųҡ
Լǹ¶۾ǳƣҶ۾ЦӯӯĿȥƼŵĳ룬ɵ̽ͷȥʵ๫Ҷأ
û뵽Լ˹س룬Ȼ˵ƣȴֲ˵ѻƭԼӣû
ʱСض˼⽽ǽɵΡ
С뿪ҶߣϺǡ
⻰˵ģܿͰϺ⣬̵Ҷ
С˲ӳ⽣ʱʱĸιһڡ
ǴԼιӳϰߣҶÿι֮ǰᴵһȻ촽¶ȣ̸⣬ܿͺԼӷųһ⽺һϺ
ȥϴ֣ҶȥһѣҸȥ˵㿼Ϻǹˣ
ӦţǶѧ˲ʱҪЩɹǡ
Ҷһ߻·һЦǻСأ˵๫Щϸ񡣡
񱦾Ͱˣʯͷȥѧö飬ѰƲȻҪ࿴Щźá˵ŻȴһĳǱ߲䡣
Ҷ濴˴ɲСĵߵ󣬹˳룬ûơ
ֻ˽ǮˣҶûܣ֮䶼ʮ̹ϡ
ԿҶܡ
ֻ̹̫ҪҸطض鷳Ҷµƺˣķڱ𴦣ڷȴܾﶼܻᱻ֡
ջڳֲģµȻҶƣò׷źõĺóͽȡ׼ܺͷ
ϵ᲻٣ǸضĵطԼ˼˾׷ɵɾǰŲȥСϷ顣
ʱҶѳͼǰŪʲôɵʵ๫ʲôأ
ɹǸܼ˵˻˵ģû˭ܰ׽ȥ
ƫҶôһ򵥵ʣȴЩţڻص顣
Ҷգգۣ춼ˣʲô
Ҳ֪ʲôֻܺȻáȻһ
˾ͿҶЩ㵡
ͷ˲ˡ
ɲɵǱ桷
Դϴ飬ⱾͺٱóˣҲʵǿ̫飬ʵʵ㲻̫
˭֪վɣ
ᣬⱾƵģҪ̧ͣͷϵȴҶһȻЦ
С˲ЦӯӯĿŴŴĵ๫ɡ

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177 
Ǳ, ջǾ͡
ҳԲ, ҶһúøоһԼжɡ
ȵ**ЪҶſ, 죺๫ǹġ
۾Ƶʵʲô⣿
С˲ֱ۵°ͣһ˫۾, ΢΢ոġ
ô֪
ÿҳҶǵ
˻һԼǱҭһƵġ
Լҽѧϰ֪, ҶǴ, ֻҪѧѧ, ֻ㲻ùĿ, ѰҪһҪĿС
Ȼ, Ǳ鱻ëߣԼҶڡڷܺѧ
Ҳ÷, ֻǵҲ͵Ļ
ҶЩ, ̽ͷȥս, ʵʲôͣ
, ˵Ҳƽ, ƺһԼĵԻ, ¹ʶ֪¡
ǡҶûбǵ񱦲ʱ, ˵仰˼ҶҲԱżˡ
еĵԲʥ֮Աڴ˴ǶԼء
Ҷ˵˵ҧһڡ
ۣԼ˵ҧʵϾ˸ȴԥһºװĵһ
ıҪԼҽȴû뵽Ҷһ
С˲һ㶣ѸɿڣԼҧĵط£Ȼ۰Ͱ͵̧ͷˣ
עȴ۲۵¶׼һһܻ۵ĵط
**ůʱ򣬷һԼӿ϶һȣںúûӻһ¡
ǽҶʯϵĹ԰ûкúóԣܲŰ۵˵ϻҪڣ˲ӣԭſԼϵҶŵȻ£ۣôҧң
Ҷĸ첲һȴЦ
ﶼȺģʱԼôú壬˵ЦЦӲǳƫ᲻öʲô
뵽ͼԼϵĺӣʶȥ
ʱҶ𣺡ҽȥ˵ӵĹΡ
עҶϣñӰ˹Щŵô˵
Ҷ룬˵ѧúã˼ҲѧúãʯͷȥѧԺҲÿһΣ˵Ҷ˶٣ղһ룬ûأ๫ʯͷŵ
ǣҲˣ
С˲ֱչȥ軭üۣŴŴ๫Ȼǲ˵ģôΣĶá
ѰӱÿǾȻΣȴЦܵϲǺõġ
Ҷȴûб⣬ŵʯͷСġ
ҲЦ⣬صʯͷң£ҲΪ¾ͲʡʯͷǴиǵģҴӦ磬Ҫúöʯͷ飬ȻҪ࿴ء˼Լˣﶼׯ£˼ҲһֱɣԺǰ̶ҲǺõġ񱦡
Ҷͷôˣ
ҶøЩ񱦻СһЩң㹻ԣŮǶгϢֻҪǸǰ̱ǣڻҪϲ飬ҪҴߴʲôġ
⻰ȥǺܺõģӸиǰ̣Ǻ¡
Ҷȴ˺һӣһֱҶŵǲ񱦶飬㲻ˣ
һ仰˼
ǵĴӸ˭ȥ飬෴ʵϲ鱾Ų֣ҶҪȥ棬Ҫﲻ
ʯͷ˼ΪеһʷܶشЩ
񱦲һֻҪ˵ѧϰйص飬СֶվСȣĥߵġ
һƢûУԼĶӣô죿
Ҷ˵£һҪ˵ʲôһͷƼҶѾ۾Ỻ೤Ȼ˯ˡ
һ㶣Цͷͷף۾һ硣
ȴ֪Լҵѧҵԣͷ鲢ʲô¶ǴʮȤ
ĿŴƢྶͥ
Ǵ̥Ĳ֢֮ûѧԷѧҩСС޾ҪԿҩŪɫף˭£³Ҳ˭˭㣬ЩҲ֡
ưֻܵˣԺԱǺúüԼСܹĿ࣬㲻úôļȴҶ֮ԽϧӣǰĿ࣬ڱ۶
񱦵ƢȴԶûǰǻõĺܡ
ÿ춼߸˵Сֶȴи̫õӣʱҲǷգиʲô¶ת۾ܼǵ
С̸Ե¶ѰӵԺ󣬿һֱǵãСھҲ񱦾÷
񱦲ϲԼܼǵЩ£˱ûɵͻСԼ˵ԼʲôҪ˵һ˵֪Ӻ˵𣬶ŵܵøû˵ǣСֶձԼҵ˷ӣǾȥ顣
ֵʱ̻ģ񱦱ϲˡ
鱾ͳϲߡ
׼鱾ǺúõģȰƣȻ־䶼񱦾͸ϲʲô飬Ƶýζ
˵Щ£ԴЩõ֪ʶȻǸġ
ö֮С񱦾Ϳʼ鱾ϵı׼ϸҪԼҪҶģԼ׳ɳ
˵Ǻ£Ҳø񱦿ɵķŸˡ
ȱǮȴܴӦԶ磬Ϊ񱦴ϻ۹ˣżȻѡ˽ˣȻϣԼиѧܸһδĺӿǼгɾ͸е飬ҵļҵҲܸ㹻ĳͣŸҽ
Ҳȷʵ룬ϻۣǹЩ
Եĺϲֵͣȴſ飬ٲ飬ǻõģȴܣ÷Щ޻᲻ˡ
죬ȴ񱦲֮ǰճˡ
ո飬񱦾վҲĪӱԼСܳá
ںͷţЩ棬תͷ˼ʵЩʲôأôż
˼ԣԥһ£ҡҡͷͷ֪ҾͰүˡ˼ë
һ㶣ȴûϸʣֻźӰЩǺ£ȻܿҲá
ԵĺȥμëҪְģڻ񱦣ϲȥϲ
ȴ֪ȥԼҵ˳ʯͷԺߣֻĪӸԼԺ⣬㲻ȥˡ
ĪȻܰСһ£ĵүȻʶĶ֣еģܰ϶ү
ĵĪ裬Լԡ
ĪӻûһǺܿ뵽ԼүСǸģʵ˵үͶ̷ԸúúүиʲôֻһЩǶҪȥġ
ԣŰͷĪӣ룬Ӧܡ
Ī̵ͷӦ£Լȥ
ԺźĪӾͿʯͷһʶСүͷŪֽ𰣬ܹȥһϼʲôԱ߻˱īֽ⣬ƺҪֽд
Īӻڿ뵽ո˵Ļֹס˺ģֻվھ񱦲Զĵط׼
ֽ𰣬׼Լ׵ʯͷæġ
ֽϰӣ˷ݣû۵дһסȻдò㹤ȴ档
ԣֻץ˸̸ڡ
ձǾ³ˣˣ񱦾˳ȥӣӰѷݷŷ죬Ҷԭģ˷˵ſ
С˲񼫺ã·ݷҲܿ֡
ߣỺǺ
ʲô
Ҷһ㶣żϴ˵˸³ˡ
ǽˡ
㶣ΪϲˣֿסҶָЦʵǺǵ⣬ϲ𣿡
Ҷ۾ڶǷݿԣſߵЦģϲϲˡ
ϲݣϲǼӵ˼
С˲˵̫˼⼸ޣܸоҲǰԼģ㹻ϲˡ
ĿȺģҶɵȥ棬ţΪĸĸо
ˣǸȤ顣
ţͷŵӴԽҶҲ̲סɿ֣Цܵ˺ߣͬһŷݣӷŵøһЩٸһЩ
񱦶Լ׵ЦҲЦ
ȻȻץ̸⣬ȴСĵİ־ٵĸһ㣬ŪҶȹżҶϲ˲䣬Це˵ףʯͷд֣ܵûдСӡ
Ҷ⻰ǷݣҪԼ̥ӡ
ǷݷɵøˣȴЩ塣
һԵʯͷֵܼ˼ʣӡ÷Ǽī÷ˡ
ҶһŤͷʯͷ𣿡
ʯͷԹԵͷԣ
Ҷż˵ŮװѧõģҲЩĶ
ȻԼ뷨³̣ҶҲûҪ˼ͱƣЦŵʯͷǺ£ʱͰɡ
ʯͷԹԵͷӦһţգգ۾ûдҶͬʯͷ˵СŲžžવ̥
̥ȻƷݣСܾվҲ˱ϣһһƤ߿У񱦹˵۾ӷŲתơ
Ƕ̸ַŵϣ˫űͬԴһȦԴ⣬ֿնҲϵó㣬ϲ
һͰַˣҲ˵ǿ⡣
ͻȻ⣬硣
ȻЦǺǵĿŷݣĻſ磬۾ģĺ磡
⻰ɹ˸ոʲôĳƺվ־ͰⱧסЦǺǵ߶šԡٽһҲúͺһĸ纰Ц۾ˡ
ƵĳԼ飬˳ְ񱦷Сϵ̸ڱˣûʣ¡
񱦷̸û˵ʱѾС֣Сһڼӵı£һƵȥ׷Ҷ
˰죬ŤͷĪӵͷʣµļëëҪܵݡ
Īһ㶣үʣµĲ
񱦹ཱུǾ͵Сڳ˵
Īӣ
ҶЦеı˷Լǳ볤棬Цеĺ񱦳˸ˮ󵰣Цеĺż˯
ȻƽʱҶϲЦɽЦʲôʱöࡣ
ȺǶȥ˯ˣźҶ˷䣬һţػסԼӵɻϲ
ҶЦŰͷϲġ
ȴЩ
ҪҶ̻𣬱ʢ磬˻ڣȴһɡ
ΪҶյ֮ǰİֲͬΪǾǣ¶ҪСЩҲ̫ƽҡǲá
ǣǮЩЩ
һ뵽°ͷŮ˵ľѣỺգҶܸͺ׬һ⾰Ϊúء
ҶȴӲЩǶ֪㳣ֵģԣЦƫͷˣЦŵǾͶֳ棬ϲԡ
Ҳ˸Цݽĥܲɷ֡
ֻһ볤沢ûҶӣ뼦
⼦㣬滹Ģг鶡ҶҲֲʲôĢǳǼóԵġ
ȥͣǻû͵ʲôƵģӣ۾ֱĿ
ɱһ㶣ʵôˣࣿ
ҶҡҡͷȻֱʵ๫ûи׼𣿡
⻰ŪǣôֱʵҪԼӻ飬Ҳ飬ֱߵǰ׼Լŵĺȡ
ɻûãҶ๫ʲôң

ע⵽֮ǰＱæǱɵĴ|˺ϣæŲľУҶ
ӿŲҲûʲôĵ񻨣ǿľͷ֪Ǽõġ
ڴǰҶǰ֮ǰãϣǮģģҲģ˼ȥ㡣
Ҷ棬ӹӣ
棬һʺɫĽںļá
סҶָ⣬ͬĽᣬֱģҵķ˿
ҶͷĿġ
ɱЦֻԸͬģ
Ҷ⣬Цóϸƣͷʵ๫ֱģ
ͷ
ҶŻϲͷҲ׹Ͽɺã
̵ͷãȻǺá
ӦҶЦ߬ͬĽᣬӣѸٵĳԹһ뼦࣬űѸٵȥھ棬סߡ
Щ⣬æʵôҪ˯ˣ׼Ҷ˵˵ͬĽĵء
ҶһѰƵ˴ϣ˴ʣ֮ϸ͸ˡ
һ
Ȼ˱ˡ
ҶԼû֪Ҷƽֶû͸¶
ΪµóҶ죬ҶƽֱȻ֪ҶȻ˳׵Ǳǹصʱ򣬲ؾˡ
º󣬱͸¶֪þһܹ龩Ǿô󣬻ǻʵ׽ĳȻһϲ£һ
ҶҲȥԼҸ绹ûĺҲΪţϲ״ᣬȵı˱ܵʱ
Ӿôܿ죬ºһҲ׼̷ϼҹꡣ
ֻڳ͢йְܹ磬Ҷһѡ˵ָӦλؼҲΪ˸Ҷ˵˵ϼҵ£Ȼ˳ʵ˼Ǿ綨²źá
ɾҪ̵ʱ򣬻ҴҸŶӣҶ˴Ϣ˵ɩ߸£͡Ҫˡ
лҪ˵СڣΡ治qaq
񱦣ܣ
СڣqaqúھҪڹί
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178 
ҶҲεŮ, Ȼ֪ѰŮ˲ӶҪ̥Ÿ, Ȼ̥ʱЩ˫̥, ȻͬЩ
߸±ºģҶֻǵöϣһ˽ȥ
ȻϻʺҲҪ²ӣҶ, æʵĪҲ˫̥
ҡҡͷ, ﲢûˣСĵĴյҶһֻŶӣһҶֱ, յϴλɩж˸ձ˳ײš
һ⻰, ҶЩȵĿŻôź, ᱻײ
۾ﲻԾĴЩ⣺ź˶鷳˿Ҳలȫ
⻰ЩֻС̫࣬ϻʺߺޡ
ҶĵȴϻʺİΣ, ʵˣ
ҲҶൢʱ䣬ֱӵɩշãʲôãˡ
Ҷ⻰ûж룬һһֱû˵ԣȴ̧ͷ˻һۡ
͢գûҲ֪ġ
ϻʺֻеһʱҲ˵˳ˣǲ˳ֻ˭մ˭ù
Լҽҽֻϻʺͻ֪ңֻҪҶæ
Ҷͬ˵ҪػıԼˣ˵˽Ҳã˵䵭ҲգĲںϻʺΣֻںҶǷƽ
Ļ֪ƸӣԼҽȥˣܲܺúû˭֪
ʱҶȴͷһۣ֣סָ⡣
Ů˵ƺůǳ׵ʱʼҶϲֵġ
֮ǰҶҴɻۣҶţҶɩҪ۶˼檣ֻʳȴûµʶʱҶݵС°ͶǼģһ˫ȴһϸ
ҲˣůԾľͿסˡ
󣬾Ҷȥƻȥأɺã
ηȨ¶һУǶ˫ڰ׷۾ȴ˵ܾĻ
ԼǸĴƵŮӣ˺ãֻΪ˴ãˡ
ϲȱ֮֮ˣҲȱµαӣΪǣһɴԵѵá
ؿ˿ҶŵãҪͬȥ
Ҷ֪ô֮࣬ǰŵģҶҲõͷֻ˻
ϻۣȻ֪˼ͷҲãƽҲڹģҶһǺúõͻ
Ǹ֤β˺Ҷ
ˣɫҲԷЩ
ȻйӺع£úöǺˮ·ϵκƹ磬·ŷҶŻ˹
ҶǰŲ˶٣ɿû˸ţԼСŻԺӣȥ˴µİ񣬽ţƤóԲС˶ѴӸսǰϳ뿪
æһţȻûע⻪
˳ŶҶȥϻʺĹţȥƫȺ
һȥƼվñֱҶƽ֣תȦĳʡ
ź󣬳ʲûзȻüͷⲽ˼ȹϵϡ
ҶƽֿһЩȻ
ʵڻȥҶʱ˵ҶɰѽﻤӣȻҪģҪ㱣֤ﰲȫʱҪúӦ£ĪҪ˼ҵġ
÷ǰС÷ļϣҶƽ־ÿοȴ˿ǵɡ
ͷȻʣֱ˴񣺡ݼϡ
ķң뵽ո̫ҽ˵Щոͷۡ
ڿǿѹķ꣬ȴЩӲȥһɡ
ҲҶӵʱͷȹģȻ֪ڳʵ飬Ҳ˵ʲôֻ˾Զϡ
Ҷƽġ
ֿʼⲽɫ΢΢̧ۿ˿Ҷƽ֣ΣҪѽͳ
Ҷƽһп˿ǶɫģСãȻǻỤŵġ
ŵͷţ۾һԲ
ڻʺڣǼĶͷðȴиŵĶˮߣ޲ðԼһ˷ֳá
Ϊϻʺ󣬸ΪԼ
ոճײϻʺĹͱϳȥˣµ˲ȫֻǵԴϵģϻʺʲôֻ¶Ҫᣡ
ϻʺԴʣܰȫݣЩ˵пȻһŭ붼롣
źϻʺĹڵǰһأɪɪҴ
һ۾ͲٿǽסԼС
վﻹɻģĹϻʺ󣬻򲻻ʱ빬ϾﻹиСһҪǱѪײҪġ
ҶȫΣֱ
һţƼŹֱ߶ϻʺ
ͷð亹ɫҰףȴҧŲӣҶϻʺûʱȥΪҪ빬ֻܳҶ֣
Ҷæ߹ȥסطϻʺĺϣԼҶŻ
ϻʺۣۣҶĻֻҡͷ۾ȴˮ¡
ģŵΧĹ˹һأ˻վǵ飬˭и洦ã
ϻʺ˵˴ϣͷɺã۾һֱҶɳƣ๫أ
ҶʱûƼʣŤͷŻȥ
˷߽ǰոջܴ˵ĳȴЦøᣬɩĪţ־ƫš
ϻʺ߬סҶ֣Ȼˮ
ѰޱȼǿŮȴúܣԽԽۣϻʺʹ
һԵĹ˼״æǰ˼űۣ溰ˣ죬ˮ
һЩֻ̣ҶηŻȥͷÿˣһ⺢Ӻҹùء
ԥһ£Լվﷴ£š
Ҷ˴ߣϻʺ֣һԲ
ϻʺҲȷʵʲô۾ҲǰһƬڡ
Լ˺ѵʹϻʺˮԽԽࡣ
óʣʰǣ̫̫ࡣ
Ůߵ٣ȴĿٹ⣬ϣϻʺۣδйĸо
˸ܿޣܺȻûˣϻʺȻ޵ֹס
Уй˹ڵϿߣŵŨصѪζƺҪˡ
˵Ҳɾ
ֱͱ˸ĹӽϻʺͻȻ۾
ıܣ̫ӣ¶ıֶϻʺʮּɻ֮޲ȥ˸ϻʺʶһ˫ĿĿȥ
󣬾ƼҶǵ
ոոϻʺŵģǰ׺Ķ
Ű׺Աʱ֮裬˭뵽ľϡ
֮ǰʵʱҶʮģڶԴϻʺҶȴ󷽡
ϻʺԼչȥƺϻʺ㿿˵ĶߣˣҲẦ㡣ϻʺһҶֱ̧̧°͡
׺ϻʺˣ֭ʶȥϻʺǰ˺ܶ࣬ոʵҲˡ
ʹȸոܶ࣬ϻʺȻŬŤͷȥҶ
һ۾ﲻˮ˫ĿָѰļ㣬ϻʺ֪ҶԼǵ˳
ֱ˵˶ӣ˭֪ᱻ˭á
ϻʺֻҶ˵һ䣺֮ǰҵĻԶš
Ҷһֱ߬ϻʺС˲ο˻ˣϻʺĻˣʲô˵ô࣬ô֪ľء
ϻʺһҺãԺ󣬶ã˶٣־塣
˻һΧҪ£ҶȴŸոջĻֱӺǵ飡ҶſϻʺлԺ˵úޣȥͷ㡣
ԱߵĹЩȵĿҶ
ո⸾˵ӵס˻ʺ˸ʲôԼ˵ʲôܹǰˡ
Ĺͣһʺ˵صл˭ҪúõشһֱţţҲõȺЩô
ҺôѰһġ
Ҷȴ־ҪߣԥûС
ϻʺʱȻ֪Ҷ˼ƶû֮ݣȲҲЮҪȥ
һůϾԽۡ
ϻʺҧݣԱŵһʹȴţ⺢ԺҪǸҲТ˳Ȼģ
Ҷֱ˳ȥȵ²ŷԼ½ǶմѪ
һԵĻæʣ洫ϻʺʹ
ңȴһϲ
жܺùղŵţֻҪ˵ɩĺ£
ŵҲŷ𣬿ȴ˫ֺʮ߶žġ
Ҷֻʣһ׺ţƤڻзŵøЩƼĬĬʲôҶЩ棬ʵʲôأ
Ȼ۾ƽ
С˲գգ۾Ϊ˻ģ
ǵͷҡͷ΢΢۾̧ͷųգΪɩҲΪ¡
ǻɩ£Ļֻµʲôӣʵ벻
ҺãҺð
˲ûȥƫǾ˵ŻĶͷҶҲͷһܵʲôоʱԵôÿһʹ˾ġ
ƫϻʺ󣬾Ͳⲽֱͦͦվţ۾޵˱ֱǵܡ
ҶƽҪȥȰȰ£ǿŽĿͷ
ǲ˵ʲôֻţǳģǱţʲôʱȻʵվ˵
ֱӤޣʲŶ˶ӡ
һҪǰҶƽһѷסʲŻ㱸оԼ˫Ѿվľˣ΢һ̡
ȴƿҶƽֱֱ֣߳ƫ
ҶƽָȥҲȥȴƼҶ˽
Ҷ½ϵѪ˶סˣĤʣ˵ǽﲻСմɩѪ£Һúõĸͻˡ
ȴûش𣬶Ҷֱۣȷ£ŶŻҾл¡
Ц̧̧֣οɲлңеҪлء
⻰ʲô˼ûнͣҲû׷ʡ
ȻǱ£ҲͲڹﶺŻ˸
һֱԼСԺűҶһá
Ҷ˼ǰЦŶôʻòã
ҲûĻصбȥշȻǺõģȻôôϲ
ҶһŽףЦССģĸӾ
ĸӾԼŵıǴˡ
ûϸʣЩ
ҶҲûϸ˵һûƼǣ֪벻룬ѵѪŵǣ㻻˼ѣһȥӡ
̥ǰҶӶ¶ЦЦΪá
Ͳٱˣá
Ҷæ߹ȥǵСһһ£˵ǡ
ߵҶߣʵոգ²£
ҶԼ̥ҡҡͷ£ñˣ˶٣ǻʹǲҪ׽ȥĺá
ʹϻʺԸʲôţҶϹóǸûʵĵطжա
ϻʺѾѵһĴϻˣˣֻӶȥ
ͷΪȻ
һԵˣҲμס仰̥Ƥû̧ͷѵûЦҶ֣ĺף
Ҷ֪ŮǺԼأЦְⱧ
СŮҶ˼ƽȲ٣̹ˣöӶҶ̧ͷȥ
ᣬҶڣСŪЩõ
СӦһСȥ׼
ҶſԼļϣĺ󱳣̧ͷʵʲôʱ̣
Իصʱ̫࣬øҹ·ҲЩ
۰Ͱ͵ĿﱧãܵܣཱུӣܹȥһѱסҶСȣ񱦡
Ҷһ㶣ͿЦ۾ȴҶ
ȷӦȴ
Сһ˸Ƿ񱦣ȻֳСǱߣŴŴģҪ
СӷŽСë˯ְ
ԭҶģģѵûţ񱦱˭ˣסĲӣЦŲȥŪæЩҲ
ȳԹҶһҪȥĶ
λؼǹģǴӾǻȥȻҪЩǵģһ˲٣ҪߵĻҪµģҪúô㡣
˶˯úܺãڶҲ磬Ҷ۾ʱСڵĽ
ӱסְ۾ϣʵСڻ
Ҷı
ҶӦһ˸Ƿ˯˸ԼôһʱǸƶƣС˲ξЦӯӯʲôأ
˸ЦͷףӺÿ
Ҷ̹ȻҲ˿Լ๫ÿһһ
Ѿ£ͷúܣȻ̿赫ҲʱůҲҪЩѡ
ҶһƵİȹ˻䣬ĺܡ
ʱӼҴҶŴӵү̣ˣʥּǰء
˻һҶһ£ֱ߬סҶ֣üͷ΢塣
ʲôʲô
Īǳ֪˽ı£ˣ
ҶļȲҪߵǰһ˷ţӳʵǿɴʲô𣿡
Ӳ֪еĵǣֻҡҡͷûʲôˣǸм̣ŵĶһۣƬƵģ滹н֣Զһ첼дʲô
ԣɫ΢䣬ͣȴû˻ŵϲ裬㰸Ҫ졣
һ⻰֪Ҫ󶯾ˣæȥ׼
Ҷߵֿס˵ָ⣬ʵ๫ôˣʲôƬ
ϷţҶӣŻڵǸƬ
ʲô
ɶ˶񣬶Ӧǵȯ
Ҷһ㶣ʲôȯʲôõģ
ְ£ŬԼƽЩ΢΢˵й¶˵ȯı棬һ̽⣬
лҪ˵ϻʺ󣺽ҺãҶ
Ҷţ
ʣԹӣҳ
ҶףǺˣ
ʣ˵õqaq
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179 
ȯ, 
Ҷ΢㶣֮ǰϻʺڴ˵Ǿ仰
Һ, Ժ󣬶ã, ־塣
ʱֻϷԣ񣬾˸
ҶҲóⶫ󣬱ΪҪ㰸
ǽСȥĪӣúÿӣʯͷ˵ҪЩٳ, ʱҪȥǰڷбǡ
ûнӹʥּ, Ҳּ֪Ҫһӵġ
ּⲻᷢСޣȥ˷鷳ڷҲʡۡ
ֻСܶ㿪ҶȴǶ㲻ġ
ͷҶĶһ£Ҹ췢
ҶԼķ٣㷴Ӧ֮ǰҪ, һ¾ͰˣȻǽҪ¶Ȼܷܡ
С˲αɿСױǰԹԵΣ
ţɵһЦһ߸췢һߵӲõģʵۻʺ㶼񲻹ǽӸ͵ĶЩá
ҶǿҲǽš
Σʵʲôأ
Ҿ룬ʲô
֮ǰС˲ξʱ򣬼СβʱС˲αܾĶѵãһ²ǱСβͶã
Цΰãһ£ˡ
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ԼһѣŵӸϷȥҳЯǰȥ
յǰƼһЦģĹʥּվǽţǰЦŵӣۼҸϲ
һɨһ۱첼ŵջߣֻʹγƺ
ۼնӺСӱˡ
ȴЦЦŹͷŹȺ򣬲ЩЪһЪ˵
ŰĻϵЦݱЩ
ʵԴˣŰûЩƷĴԱƼŰλܹ̫ҲҪģûŰĸ˭ɫ
򸾲ͬ
ϻʺ֮ʱŰʹڳߣߣҲ֪ɵӺϻʺûʺ˳ǴһǼѵõġ
˵󲻾ĻλжڻʵۣȴֲЮ󱨣ѵãŰȻ֪ʵүʱҵĹ⿴飬֪Ҽڵģ
ӣҲ棬㹻ˡ
ŰϴЦҶȻ㰸Ѿ£λּ
׼ţ˹£ͷҲһء
ŰЦ⣬չϻƾж
ǰ˵ĴμйΪ̼֮ȴʣƣõĶĸĸֵĴʶһС˲Ҳš
ֻһ仰Ҷ
ش͵ȯı棬ˡ򷸳̣˾ü𡣡
Ҷɵƫͷ˿ߵ
๫˵ĹȻǶԵģȷʵǵȯҲȷʵ
С˲ǰ·ңôõӹҶⶫĺô
΢΢˱۾
Ȼ֪ʱȻʹͣǰɲ²⣬Ҳ֮ǰǰ֮ĶǶһ¡
Щ˵ԵȴǿϿɲϵġ
ֻҪʲˣ˵û˭ûޡ
ȯȴͬⶫǹ·ģʥּϰֽдǳҪҲûᡣ
ңȯеһֻĳһҪˡ
鲻ߵлּȰʥּõŤͷȥȯҶҲſȥС˲Եø档
ȭ״ߣûƽǶսŹ⣬Եøҫ۶Ŀ
˽ȯȥϣʹ͵㲻֮ǰЩһҸȥţҪڷˮõĵطźá
ŰֻЦŵүҪ磬صش˶»ֱȥʮͤҶ˻ͣһ·ҲǼȫġ
ԣ֪ǽʹ͵ͷԼǻ硣
ˮ·ֻͨмҪɽ֣˻ȴԶЩͷ
ŰЦƲҡ
һֱûڵҶקקڣͷҶ๫ʻô
ҶǸ֪˵ƢԴϤģȻŵÿλŰϵãҲֱʣ
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Ҷգգۣǲǳ͢ĸ֪ǼȻĺһжãҶҲͰĺܶࡣ
ûʲôģֻ߹ȥȯǰûһȻʡ
ȥⶫҲỵԴŰҪЩġ
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ʵͷŰСĵ˵һԡ
Ҷƽһֱû˵ֱͦͦվţ۾ȴǲԾĿҡСһ
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ҶƽָϲΪģΪҲ˺ӣҶҴʮԼҲܵ죬ԵСҲǸȰġ
ҡĴССһ˯һĪ͸ίҶƽȻ˼ϧ
ˣʸǶӰ䱦
ʾͶС߶ú˯˯Щܳĺá˴Ժɲޣʱ˵Ҳҡ
СԼҸȫ⣬˯ø̤ʵʱʱŬŬͣԵúܡ
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ȶˣʲվһԵĹ˿ôӣöŰȥţǴҶƽֵƫ
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Ҷƽ֪ǹ͢߹ʲôʲô񱻳˵ĻҲϣֻܵͷһԲ
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Ҷƽ΢΢ͷʮ񣬾ǹ򼫺ÿڷɭϵİ
ԣǶĿ˿Ҷƽ֣ЦЦƽֻ֪޵˼ġ
Ҷƽַҡ
ü⣬ǻͶɻ磬һҰȫ󣬱ȥݣ΢٣ʵҪˣЩһ̣ǵžҲ޵Ķ͡
⻰Ҷƽ÷Ҫ˷һǶǲȥ
ʵҶƽֿûʲôģЩ˵̫ҪļϵˣԼҵͲҪˣҲΪµ㣬Ҷƽֲɳȥ¡
Ҷƽֻһǣ£ӸոճǷҪһȣ
ԣһĨЦƽ޵ĺܲסЩ
Ҷƽֵͷҡҡͷ
ӦЩֱӣЩ󵨣Ҷڳǰֱӣⷴóʰġ
µ۵۾˿ţ֪棬ԼĺԼӣȻЦţǣ꣬޲ԺֻԼ
Ҷƽ׳¶˾ģ㲻ٶ˵ֻȥ
˶ʮ´Ҷƽ־ʹ˺Ͷʮͤ
˴뾩ʱֱĵطҵľȺҶƽʱҶżͯͤŷݡ
ݲʱ͵ģһ
͵ķҶ᲻÷ŷɣͷ񱦵֣ʯͷĻСӡҶýǲóġ
ηŵķģԼŻ粻Сڣרȥƣʹһë˸µġ
ļȻûϴ͵Ǹ£ֻҪܷá
ҶŶë׵ﱧŹ⣬ЦŸָϵķݡ
ֺǺǵС֣⻶ϲҲ̧ͷգͻȻðһ䣺ɷɡ
Ҷһ㿴ܷɣôɣ
ȻִĿŷݣǼ֣ɷɣܣҲܡ
ҶЩ֪ô˲ܷɵ¶ȴְǻɷɣɣҲɷɣ
ԭ׷ŷŷݵܵ˵žžવܻǰ˲ܷɡ
ȴ˾ܷɡ
룬ش𣺡˾й˶ûУҾͲᡣ
Ŀ˿񱦣Ƶ࣬˾١
񱦣
Ҷ̲סЦȴǿŲЦֵ񱦲ˣֻСƨɣҲ࣬ô˵أ
Լͷ˿ԼСƤ󣬾ģŹԹԵĲ˵ֻȻ۾ŷݿ
ʱҶƽִˡ
˵ɣҶƽȻа취ҶƽƶţǶ˼Ҳ͸Ⱞ
ҶƽֲδְֻҶԱߵϵ˵࣬Ȼʹŵ
ⲻʲôѵĶһһ䣬ϷһƵġ
ոֻһ˵û뵽ôʵ֣ԵĺҪſޣ£СӵӴúܣ۾ɵôģ˵أϾЦ
Ц鲻࣬ЦҲҶƽָˡ
ٷɷɣٷɷɣֱסҶƽ֣һ˵һʹϴܡ
ҶǴŻʵּģܶӣͶ֤˽ɣЩϧİݸӣתҶ
ȻҶƽִҲǻʵʹͣȴйݴҶɺĸָָˣЩǻǻȥģģҵĸο
Ϊϴǽʱļ͵Ŀʮһµġ
ʶĿҶƽ֣࣬Ե£
ҶƽԭǸزסӣֱʣĻ׵óѣε¹ش֪ԽԽãʶҶƽֵ¹ر£÷Ǳʵúá
ȴ֪Ѿһƽϣ⻰ȷЩ
ɿЩЩҡ
Һ֮ǰûдӦλʹȻڣ˵ȯֻ¶鷳ܰ˷
ҶƽĶҲҶȥˡ
һҶź첼ʱƿʲô֣Լܿǽֵġ
ϴνҶǳʴ͸ҵģС־и߽ࡱĸ֣ȴ֪Ǹ˭
ҶƽҲǣֱӵǻϸҶϵģ˵ǹֺֺǡ
ƶϲô˵ģ˼̫ࡣ
ȯˣٸҶɲֺһô
͵Ҳ׵ҶƽֱûоֻĪҪЩԵ飬ֲֻᣬҶƽ־뿪ˡ
˶󣬳˺ĵӣů¯ǲ䡣
ʯͷҪ飬һݣҶ̥һҡ
ҶϣŸո˯ŵƣЩʵΪʲôҶ
ڻСཱུĺ󱳺˯ԻҶȻԲȴ档
Ҷգգۣ֮ǰǸһ𣿡
һǸҵģǸģ׬棬ֻҲɵĹͣȴá˶٣ϼҪۼҽףۼŵȴǲϼԺգҲռҷҲ˵Щ
Ҷ䲻ȫȻ˵ǺõģǱˡ
ֻҶԴ̧ŷѾ׼һճҶȥͷñӸãҲʵ
ЩЩΣ˵ǻͣʵ׼ȥոģľǻʵõӱ䵭ö࣬ƼôԴ֮ҲЩΡ
˵˸Ҷ˭Ǵ޲ȫ綼֪
ĶƵģųϾˣñӸסǰһѼС
ȴô룬ֻܰⶫã֮ûз
Ǻ²٣֪ٲûӦꡣ
Ųغ˾ʡ;µʱؼҹ
ӵߣֻ½·һʮղŵϤϡ
ԭ뾪ˣֻĻؼž۱ˣ˭֪һ򣬾ôģ˺ʲôүˡ
̫࣬·סȥ
΢΢üóͣ£˯ŵҶûоԼ˳׼ȥƳ˺¡
Ǹһ³ͷЩ˿ڿүȴǶԼǷӵһ⡣
ĵ͵ͬǱ̴úܣ̵ģһҡ
ΧȥЩ죬Щ̻
ֻǲ֪ǱߵүǺˡ
ӸԶԶţۼ⣬Ʊǲǡҵ幫𣿡
лҪ˵ɷɣ
⣺
񱦣ܵΪβϲQAQ
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180 
񲢲, С飬Ҳã˵ûۼҲʵһ㡣
ӵĻûóȻ, ££ϵ£Ǳ߽Щ
Ϳŵ, ȷʵ幫ɡ
һο幫, оʱ幫˹Ҫô֮, Ҳû, ţ幫, Ȼһͷ׷ȴϴμ˲٣Ȼǵ֮ʱ
, ͼ֮ǰ¶Ӧôڼͷһư, Ÿ׳ȴӰ, Ȼúܡ
˵ǸվԶЩүүò׳һˣôΧʲô
Щ˵Ļ, ģֻԼ䡣
̫үѵóţȥԸ㷹ɺã
ҼҲ޺ã̫ү͹⡣
Сɾ⡣
ͷţֻԶԡ
Ѱ־ǳģھҪϵ˲ҿ춼ܴӴſŵβȥ
ֻӲڵ˵ȯϰź˽еһǼҪСģǶȻȴҲǰӣžˣԼҪǰ֪˲ܳá
϶üΣȻûʲôûˡ
ڴϹȻľ󣬻ö֮ʵЩĿɿڴ
رλ幫ǵȥúԼҺ޹ȴƤıǮƣһƤҪˡ
ɵÿԼҶүҪδá
ɫ˵߻۶ǱߵϣδؿȻûע⵽Լ˸ɫë˾òҶɡ
幫¶Ҳȥʲôֻܶӵȥҩȥ߳һ
ӦһСȥ˵Ȼܻüͷһֱýġ
Ƴǣл˵ĪҪҴš
ҲʵүǴͷҡײƭϸô˲ǣôǣ
ûмŽߣŤͷӵ˵ּұûиգ˿һңôУ棬Ƕǵ£ǣۼҵòʧȥʱվˣ֪飬Ҫȥʹĸź¡
⻰˵ѾʮֱףҲס
ǷˣӾԼҶүֻûôأǲ֪λ幫Ҷǲơ
վվã֪飬ʹһʱ幫ʾҪ˼ɡ
ʹԼҵﲻ߻ͷ·û˵ʲôֻܶӵȥһ£ҩ㡣
ӸӾãȻ֪֪ʲôӦһСС뿪ˡ
һȥͿСϵ۾
ŵ˶գл¯Ⱥģʱ͸ߡ
̥С˯ʱ࣬ҶҲǻλƾͻ˯ţϣ磬˯հȡ
û뵽ˣҪڣæ˳ߵţȻ˸ơ
̹ԹԵıͣҲ˵ʲôͱס⣬Сһͷͷ˯˹ȥ
ͣҩ̺Ժʱ
Ҷ˯̤ʵЩ᲻ú룬Ťͷ̥˵˾䣺ȥ
һСȭͷ۾޲ԼͬĿקС֣Сһһ𱳹һԵСĵͷס۾
㸩ȥҶϡ
Ů˵촽ģų⣬ױҲûôÿֻ軭ü٣Եľûʲôˣ촽ҲûͿϿ֬ȥûлζֻĴС
ҶʼûзӦ˿ʼ´ʱС˲۾ʶ§סģģģˣ
΢΢ֱӣֺ㱧ҶԼļϣҶĺḧҲỺĺܣûУ·ߣҩ̳Щٻؼҡ
ҶŶһֻȻǰ˯ѵģ۾˻ЩС˲βŷӦ
СصݹʪӲ˲ҶҪƿųȥǴҩ𣿡
æȥʪӵݻСأùΧϣëӵסԼӼ°ͣĪͷЩ磬ٳȥ
ҶԹ԰ͷԼϵӣ۾ǰͰ͵ͷ
ʰְ̥ʵһ˱һ
ûţƼͷŵĶϡ
Ķű֮ǰЩǣŻӣֱĳ߿Ҷʱ򣬶ЦֱӰѻ˷ȹСŵҶǰȶһ񣬶ϰԼŵ¯ŵҶЦˣý
ҶҲ¶Цֻǻ⣬㿴ɫ˲٣Ҷ˵⣬̡
СɵĿڵ̡
СһϲȻСʱ򱧹ǻ˵ĻͷӵԼﱧţĲС
ҶӴ񱦣Ŷȥ˺ãǰ̸ͬ¡
ݣϾҶߣĻҪͬ˵
Ҷ̧۴һΧ
ҩһ꾭ӪĺܺãȴûмӴ棬ϴμʱºܶ࣬ǺãõĺģΧڷŵĹһƿȻǷƷ
С˲μ˺öȻƾ֪Щֵƣҩ̽ķᡣ
ԴҶҲǻϲģŵϣҶŶЦӹúñˣֻѰֻͶȴдţԺҪддźá
Ӷ⣬ԿҶЦҺֻ֪Щ᲻㡣
ⲢǶ˵Ŀ׻Ƿġ
֮ǰ֣ϸҶҩĻҶͻźǱ顣
滭ҩĻģϸϸдÿ軨ô޾ϸ꾡
жȴҲۡ
Ǵף֣ҶͬԹ֮鲻÷ǶȻҪһİĵطǻиָˡ
ͻȥǺõģȴҪƽ׵ļҶĸϱԼĲˡ
ҶǸɶװŽȻࡣ
ϱЦŵлǵ˵ҲǺõģܲ˵
Ҷ֪ô࣬һִ߰קһߵҹҪȥˣʱô˵
һЦ۾ﶼŻϲܻ֪ү֮ǰͬ๫˵Ҫҩ̿ͷȥߵ˲࣬һҽæ
Ҷһ㶡
Ȼϵ鲻̫ʣҶԿף˲˽Щġ
ҩ׬ǮԼҲһġ
ǽǴͷʼ
뵽ҶúܺãΪҪȥǣ
֪ҶڰǣЦУģ¶ү๫пģǼƽǵģܺһЩʱ߶߶ȻڶȤ
ҶЦŶ˵Լھǵ飬˺͹͢йصģȴǸúõ˵˵ʯϡ֣Ϻͻ
ȻԺٲ߶˽Щкô
һյ裬Ҷ۾ͷ˿๫˵·ϲߣҪЩģ֪ͷûС
䣬Ҷͷֶмԥ
С˲գգ۾Сذȱȥι࣬㿴˶ϣлͬ˵
ϵͷҶϣ幫֪
Ҷö죬ֻ֮ǰ幫ʱ˵һ䣬ûȥǼǲˡ
ϱŵǱͬһѾǺ¡ǼǸӣֻҪëģ֮ǰС¶ӵ˼ңɶҵү˹ְһ˱㶶ʯ֪ؽҲ֪ͨ˭ҵ·˳˵Ŷҵ԰ڡ
ҶЩ⣺԰ʲô
۾˼Ʋϣܿסˣƽҷޣ磬ܹ鲻ʲôġ
Ȼ֪ǰô᣿
Ҷ֣붫ѪˣЩµĹºƹ񶼲ֱ˵Ȼһ˵ĲñܹǱտڲԵĺá
ҶһЦɴ˵ˡ
һۣǲͬģⲻΪ𣿼Ȼˣ¶ҪǣȻԺŶͷǳ˴¶鷳
Ҷͷ¶˵Ѿ˷ˣȥǰ
ٷʳ⾡ģ׼ϸܵǸӶר˺ͯܳԵģһٷ
ҶŶȥ½ҩĻӴյһ
ŶϵĺӺǰųģ׽ֻǻӿɲųڵļԣþòЩСʱһˣĵܵܡ
ǼǸ糤̵ģƫ˸ϲģ²ǵСʱ£ȴϲ񱦣ʱͺʯͷһ
ȴûźǣڿӻȥһԣûӿڣȵСķСĸˣȻǵȥԡ
һЦĶǡСøģǸСɵӡ
һţ˵¶
æ飬үȥˣү˲ûкǱʲôǣ
˵ͷĲʣֻǶʲôˣҪ˵
ǽ֪ݴ˵˼ΣǷ˲ǮедǷеûУд˵ĶǴǮǻϵġ
˻һϾһ
Դɵ˹ְÿؼҵļ鶼һڳеļѣ˵һ˵Ŀ
ʵӹĺ̹еʵ۵ְʯλϹָ㣬¶綨£Ǹ˳ģֻǲϲ
Ϊľ֪ΪԱ׾죬ҪС΢ǳ鷳ǡ
˵ġ
˭֪ԼҲ֪ݴ˶ӣ˵Ǹ幫һң֪Ҫϵġ
ɿɲĪıڹھȥ֪Ÿ֪ݴ飬֪ݴĪҪκһ֮ͽҸƤȥЩǷ̼ң˵ѷ֣𡭡û˵ǿӡ
̻صȥǼңҪǮȥŸ״ûġ
ǰ̹ģܽı㽲ܽľţзӡ
ͷӵļ򣬵ȥԷԺ¡
ӦһСȥС
ֹ˰ʱĽϿտЩ˳뿪ҩ̡
ʢիʱͣͣȥ˰
ֽŵϴ򿪣Ĺ𻨸⡣
Ҷһ۾һŽ΢΢һˣֻŴϲζ
ǽ𻨸ݸ˼ӣ۾ȴҶЦϲ
ҶͷЦü䡣
ʵ˵ģʢիȻڴ˴ǶõģǷŵֻҲ㲻ʲô
˶˵ǺãΪԹ࣬ΪҪӪͱҪйӲı²źãǸ㣬ҲǸ⾫µģ˼
ֻ𻨸Ҷ˺üζϰ˱ϲˣ
ԼһĹ𻨸ݵߣȻ𣬿Լӵĺ⣬Ȼܡ
Թ飬ȻϲҿԻؽѳؾ
ҶǵͷǺܿҡҡͷˡ
Щ֣ΪΣﲻϲô
С˲һ𻨸⵽ϣҧһںģģĵöˣҪҪиźõģҲûʲôõġ
𻨸ڼԲźóԣΪ˷ݵǣҪǴˣͬһģҲûζˡ
ǣͷƫͷԼӣͨ͸
ҶЦЦʣµİַŽ
ԱߵСֵһС顣
˵ߵͣŴĸһЩҲ£СģһһϣǳԻǡ
СһﶼϲԺȣû˷ѣ˫һҧųԡ
ͬǣԵĿЩԵЩ
һС꣬ﻹʣ˴롣
۰Ͱ͵ĿҲҪֻţоŤͷ⻹۾ͷԵʱֽſ
Σõ˼ͰԼʣµĹ𻨸ݸ⣺óԡ
ֺǺǵĽӹ
ǿ񱦡
ʵԵǸ
Сʱ̰ЩȴԳԺûʲôȤǳԵޣֻ޽ɣҶʲôʲôÿʳﶼʮָж
ѹ𻨸⣬ϲ𻨸⣬øҪϲľ͸ˣȻԣƵתͷ񱦡
񱦵Ǵ꣬˼
Ǹ̰ԵģָԼĸ˵ܵҲûʲô
񱦾ҪԼҪôǡ
۾һת߹ȥܵܣ׸磬ͷһ롣
գգ۾ԥץվչȥϡһڡ
񱦸ˣ׼һ룬ȴû뵽̽ͷȥһ¡
һһң£Ͳٶֻܿ񱦣ŴŴĵһһ룬˵ġ
ȴסˡ
һһ룬¾һˣ
һŵʱڵߣ֮Ҳ
˻һ񱦾͸ɴİѹ𻨸
ӹ֮Ȼ񱦣ʵԲԣ
ҡҡͷЩ䣺ˣܵԡ
ͷ˿ԼϵĹ𻨸⣬һݸ񱦵磬Ը⡣
һ㶣ཱུСֿ˿СֵݹĹ𻨸⣬ЦӦӹ˵ܵܺãԺһҪ۵ܵһơ
Ҷԭοѵܹϸ;Щ֣ɵöС๫԰񱦵Ķȥ񱦿ģ
һһȥ񱦵Ķ󵹳飬ܾﲻԵӡ
û˵ֻǿţʵ
ʱͣ£Сͷƺ˷ܣү̣ˡ
лҪ˵⣺ã
񱦣ܵã
ԳԳԡ
Ҷܾﲻ
ţҵĺ
׵ĳʣ
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181 
òؼ, Ȼ֪ǼţȴЩȴ
ѰҲһʱ䣬ǲʲôģϾʱ˵˵̲̣Զӵʱ䡣
ֻͬ, ΪӲ, ԳĶʮû뿪, ԶȢҶӺЩȥƿҲһվص·̡
ֱӵǧ֮ľ, ٻ, ЩĪ⡣
ԵԼ˵
ҶȴԵÿĵĶ, С˲Ľ, ˵, ĸԼ磬ָԼ񱦹ѣˣ벻үү̣
̵ͷ룡̸⣡
Ҷԣ񱦵С
֮ǰϾ뿴, ľͰ񱦱ȥԼԺסһ, Ǹ, ѰҶ͸̸ԣϴӲֻҪſҪ, Ͼͻȥ
ӵռãúã̸Ҳúã񱦶š
Ҷ񱦴Ѻְ˵ߣʹȥүү̡
ҶͿþԵ
ʱԴڼĵεΡ
ǰһʱ򲻾ãһֱ뿪֪֮϶Լжٻػ
ʱأȣϱϼʮɽ·ȥҽҩ
ж˵ȲˣҲûûҹӲĿϰק˻
˶˵ĸ˽ϴû˭˭쾭塣
ţͻȻ͸оԼĸ첲קק
̧ͷƼ񱦵ҶƣС˲Ц๫ʲôأ
ҡҡͷ¡
Ҷûôпֻ¸ϣѣ³ˡ
һ㶣ԼҽﶼԼģʱ´ãͻȻ½ЩӦһ̧ͷƼҶ񱦣һֻֻҪ̥ñӣʲôԵ˼ûˡ
ܲҶԼæȻҪæ
СһڼСؾǴѵҪﶯ֡
չȥ̥סԼ¾Ҫ³
¡Ҷó˺ɫëñӿͷϣЦˡ
СؿֻۣԼҶү͵һںһţеЦסˣֻСĵر̥ݸֵĪӣҶ
ҶԭҪһȥģӣͰ񱦽˹
Сֶһֱڶ䵽Ǹë޵ſڵúڡ
Ƴһۣÿ񱦸Ҫ˵͵ġ
ͷÿÿĿ϶ÿ
㲻ÿҲԼ̫СƲеĺô񱦸ƶĵͷһָпĿԼҵһڡ
ƽı³ԸжԼ׼޶һš
ҶȴȥʯͷҪһȥǻûҶ߹ȥƼʯͷһ۳űҪӡ
ͯۼֿ죬ܹȥʯͷ棬ʯͷ˵ϡ
ʯͷŵɫģǴŵȴɫһ°źɫӡӡ
ҶæǰȥʯͷȴѾԼվϻЩ˼
̧ͷƼҶʯͷҸղſʱ䳤ˣ飬͡ûվȵ
Ҷѣ˵ֻŤͷһźԺҪүʱ֪𣿡
æˣ̷ġ
ʯͷҲԹԵͷҲˡ
ҶЦЦҪʯͷš
ʯͷȴͷ۰Ͱ͵ҶȥѰɡȾ˻ҳܲȥ
Ҷԥһ£߹ʯͷѾؼˣûôأȥúϢһ£ʰͣټ١
ʯͷæӦһţһǰ
Ÿոܻʹ幫飬ϱ֪Ҫˣǰš
ǽţ¶˸ЦݣҪͬ˵˵
˭֪ϿûֱҶȥˣһѱס񱦣ڻ˵ߣЦŵ˲١
ŴŴĺ̡§ϵĲӲ֣֮ǰ˵ɲ¶ţ񱦲ֻ֣ǳˡ
һЦøӻϲԶԣ񱦲ֻ֣ǳˣ񱦳˶١
ֺǺǵİŲӣƺԼԵøЩ
ҶЦŶϵأ
ԣҶЦׯ£ȥˣ֮ǰѩׯҲ࣬ԼҪܻǴ˵ǻؼҺظϣŵȻҲõˡ
ûǰһҪ˵ȴƼϵ۾ֿ̥
˵һʱ䲻̣Сӵı仯ǺܴģԽСĺԽһһ
ϱȰ񱦽ϴЦ̥ɣ
Ҷͷӵа⡣
ϣֿ˿񱦣ԹԵ̡
һԵԭΣûӡţĻ̸ſȥ¶˸õЦĺ̡
¾һֶҲܺüЦ
Ǻʱ򣬶̥ɣ²ǵϣҶ˺󣬱ϱʱҲֵģǸѧ˵Ҳ˵ͯͯȤ
ϡҲϡǸܾôƶƲ
ģվЩΡ
ոӣϵ˼ǸΣԭŽ϶ȻҪģ˭֪ӵԼö࣬ŵ鶼ûз϶û̫
ⲻζ̹˲١
½һ겻ǰеĶԴǣδ
ºñӵݸӣͬҶһչȥ϶ӣһڡ
ʯͷȴûиϣ׼ȥѶʰãȥݼ
رǷϣʯͷǸӣվ˼ıףȴֱȥ
۳Ͷݣټϸղ³ʱʯͷСˤһӣˣҪɾĲźȥҷϣȻƼԼһֻҪۡ
һֱû˵ʯͷţԹԵȥѻҳݸʯͷȻʵʵĴ棬۾˿ʯͷķ䡣
ʯͷѾ꣬ôѺͷϵԺˣѾ˸СԺӣİ趼ǴʯͷԭŲġ
Щ綼İ
ھˣǰǲլģղҪʯͷֻԼ·
ʹ֪ԼүҪصǶģǼȻʯͷͯôҪʯͷȫ
ǣʯͷѵʱѾʼӿʼʯͷʰˡ
ʯͷɾ߳磬ƼæţѾȸոչ٣ֻ϶һӡ
ʯͷɵʵ磬ʲô
ѣæСܹ˿Ӻⲻҷŵͷģţûд򿪡
ʯͷգգۣŴԼǶ˸Լ׼ģû׼תȥʰһԼ䡣
Сʶֲֻ࣬ϵи⡯֣ſүĶ
˵꣬ʯͷѾѸתܻصǰСĽȡ£ȻƼͷи֡
ˣóֽͷ֣˼ʯͷıշѰ˼һʯͷ·ϳԡ
֮ûеͣΪŮ޶Ƥ˵ڣֻһѶʯͷȥ¡
ʯͷȴ־ϲУЦеĴ˺ӣ͵Ķ˳
Ƭ⣬ذ겻ʮʱ䣬Ȼʵģʯͷ˺һƬŵȻŴ
Ƭ⣬ʯͷɵõֵܴĺãҪøﳢ
ŵͷ⹫ӴүȻǼõģǡ˰죬űһ䣬ֵƵġ
⻰ʯͷ˵öԣ´μҶҪֵһᣬݸҲá
æү˵ļǡ
ʱҲʰͣˣʯͷȥϵԺȻǱºһС
ǹӣҲͬǹʯͷ
һɻľƫģ۶ƫģǱֳҲҪһˮƽźá
ȻҪĸЩҪﲻȴ
ʯͷϿųģȻ˵˺һӻŷߡ
ĸʯͷŸϽȥƷϣȥԺӵʱʯͷƼͬ׼ȥϵҶ
ҶҲѣź͸ոշⲻͬ
ھ˶ǻȹҶҲ⣬ÿѶ⾫£ÿϸڶΪΪƯҲΪ˶ݡ
ϾĸĺãҲǸϵ档
ֻЩӣȴиѴҪҪҶÿδѶҪһʱ
ڼȻ˼ңҶûô˼ɣǰȹʲô̹ʲôȻ㲻þȴڵĶࡣ
Ҷ⣬СرƼʯͷͣҶûڣ֣ЦǺǵʯͷ磡
ʯͷͬȻģҲЦݣ߹ȥС֣á
ҶͬʯͷһߣŵӣЩ棺Ǵʲô
ʯͷصֵҵƬ⣬óԵúܣȥ
ҶɵЦʯͷŸɩɩã˶٣ҶãȻʯͷҲߣȥơ
⻰˵ʯͷס
߽˷ϵӣƼǸҡ˯ðȵСʱʯͷҶ˼
Сſڣ۾ֱĶҡ˻ſ˷ϣԥһʵˡǵܻܵã
һ㶣ŤͷҶҶû˵˼
ʯͷѾŵܵҡԱߣ̽ͷȥţȻáС޵ñǷ۷۵ģҲñӡ
ʯͷԼŮϸϻۻǡ
ϱЦŹȥʯͷСĵ¶С¶Ҳܸӣ˸Ƿѹûгֻ֣۾ҿЦһ£ǵʯͷҴֻҸЦ
ԼҲˣʯͷ˷ܡ
ûȻʯͷȻҪҫһµġ
̥Ҳ뿴ãҶĪӺСһ˱һǣҶԼǺͷһȥš
һ£С˲ξס˷ϵ󣬸оްЦɩɩɫõúܡ
һͿҶɫЩӣҪڴʮ죬ͷˡ
ҶһԼ꺢󣬱ϰ˽һµӣΪȻĵͷ
Ҷ׼ͷɣȴϵ˵ˣȥǼ˱ǸҪƤģԺǶǼҸôô
Ҷһ㶣ֶֻ죬ȴЩǲ
Сػ飬⻰ͷ˾䣺̣ǸڽҪǿ̶ġ
Ҷż˸ͷµľˣҶɵÿ˷ϣϾǷϵɩɩܹһϵġ
ȻΪЩǿøͨ͸ﲻÿң£Щܣϸɾźá
Ļû˵Ѿ˺һӡ
ҴɽеǮָľ빬ó裬ЯԼ
ЩǮȥԺͬʯ󺣣š
һ˼ԼŮԺдϢ⣬ڷϿȾˮµȻûóԶ
Ǹһ㣬κͷ޹أҪη϶ûȥ˵
ƫƫͳȥЩвҷҪģţǿһӶûо٣ûйģ˵ŵڣʵĻҲ˷뱲ܵǮö˽ȥ
ǷŷضȥҽΣֻ»Ҫڹء
ԭŮ޺ҵĹûôˣɵļҲܣĸ緽ɲТɩɩϽҾϾȥ˷ĸתͷѺͷһҳ׶ϵ
ѾĸҶϾȻֳӰֵܵĸ飬һҶһᡣ
Ҷ˵Щ¶ʱ˿ߴӣ˵꣬ҶŷϵʵΣҲ֪
仰ҶĻһμѾǸˣҶѹû˭˭Ȼǲס
ֻϴϻʺӵҶ϶˻ʹǺõضȥ˾Ͳó
ϱͲĵҲ߹ӣȻ£õĻĶԼѡ·ȰȰȥɡ˾жĶӾͳԶٷŵ˶˶ǻ£ԽˤԽݡ
ʹ˴סǺ£ƢԵһƲ꣬вš
϶΢٣ŻͷҪһᣬԺ
Ƿϵ£ҶҲû˵ʲôֻ˵˻ͷһᣬͲ˵ЩĵģһǱߵĺһӣպõúܡ
˵ҶӴѾˣҲǸɵģ˵Ӷܼ˵ĲŶԡ
Ƕֳ˲˼ģҪʱʱһƼޣûôר־
ȴӣ˾ƣ㷢Ӷˡ
ÿӶò࣬ǵĻǸиѿ
һۣĬѡ԰Թᡣ
¶ι̵ʱҶʹź뿪ˣʯͷϸϸʯͷѧҵʯͷ٣ʯͷ˵ʱмԼҶܺͶá
ʯͷȥ飬Ͼôúллһҡ
ʱѽš
ʵˣֻһֱͬ˵ȵ˰ʱֲʳлݡ
ҴϴЦȥԼСŮȻʹȥҪ׷ϡ
ȴ¶ͬ˵
Ҫҵ£ҸѾͶ˵ˣģǲܵġ˵ţŵʳ̵齼ϣȺ˳
ϱͰԣֻǰΪЩҶԣΪ¶ҲҪúóԶģùӣ۾ǿѵֻҪֵ֮ͺá
ѳûڷһ£Ȼڷ֮ǰԱ߶˶㣬صİɣ³̡
ϵһۣȥࡣ
һͷԭڻӾ͵˳
ϸæҪغãһʵӸҵģ
˵ǣѾĹϣ˵ʲôҲڿֻ˵ľǺõġ
÷ЦֻԼ๫ԴŮҲˣʵûޣҲȥˡ
ȵ˵ڶ죬ؼһ緹ǣϿҲӣҶǸ
ϺҶһۣĬĴˡ
ڰʱС˹ͷ˳Ҫү
ûлҲûڣֻܿѡ
Ҳ֣ΧԼĵ軧ɻؼҵҲûдȥܲôпŲǣɱʵûǺˣ
Сæˣ˵ү塣
лҪ˵ʯͷԼŮ츳
Ŷ
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182 
˻һ, ΢, üͷ, ֻɫ
˻֪, 幫ĿΪΡ
Ͼô, ֪ݴ֪幫ԼûйȻ޶, һ㣬һһҹҲ㹻֪ݴӦġ
ֻû˵, ǶѺϵ, ȳԷ
ȴû, ߲, Ҫȥʲô, ѿ˿ϣ, ȥơ
ɻְĪȻ֪߲ƣ㲻üʲô, ҸסŵĶԼˣʲôˡ
תת, ֪Ƣ, ʵɣ֪Ϊζ
˵ͷ֪
΢΢üûѯϸ, ʵ뿪
ֵͷܡ
˽ԼҺӣֻҪ˵˱аա
ЦݣʾãҲ幫תͷѴŵǸôġ
ԭ϶幫˺Щ棬ôһʣûԵ˼ֻôǸӵ
ҶһֱרעĳŷС˲ֵľǶʳ׷
ķƺȱĵطһЩҶҲе
ЦŸҶһ񣬶йӣӵͷתС뿪ˡ
ǴӲߵģûκ˵ע⣬˿幫Ҳûз֡
幫ֻöﶼ죬Եʲô鶼벻ֻԼ
ԭ幫ǲģҰ̫ò
幫һһǰԺյģɾڽ峿ʱݸ˰ˡ
˷ʵ˴ֲ幫֪ӲرǱߵֵԱȣԽԵ⼸첻ߣûϢ
ˣִˣ󻹵|ϷҸŮ
óһġ
֮ǰ幫ǿŰڰҵŰӱɻûãȻֱץ˻ȥ
ٲҲԼĺӣ幫ֲܲܡ
ƴȥݸʣֻʵȥˣԵľʲˡ
幫ﻹв²ģȻ֪ԼǵҡźԼ˺Ƥˡ
Ȼˣ幫Ҳû·ֻܹ취
˾ͶرյҴԣ˽һʱҲûӭ幫ԽԽ
ڳԺ˼ԼĴֻץű˵Ĵš
ԭ¶Ҳԣֻ˵ʵƲϵѣ幫ǲ棬ߺò׻͵Ĺϵ·ȥơ
ôҲ˵ĳʵТ
ƺǸԼҺɣ幫˵ӣǻţ
ûУ̫үҪҪȥнţ
ˡ幫ǻôһͣҲܲ³һЩҵ˼ʹץҵĹ飬ŲңȥҲлġ
ͷһż幫ȴѹס˻еļƣŹڳá
ص˰˲٣幫֮ǰ߹ǵĻȥִ֣Щ
˻һԭһϳֵЩԥиǰ̫үͽңϴǶƼģȥ𣿡
幫Ҳ뵽ǿ顰־и߽ࡱҶʱǱǿҸϳġ
ܿ幫ģǿҶǸңǸģȥǵʱѾѽҴˡھΪ٣ֳ˼լТ𳤵ֻҲ밲ȣֻȥ֣Ǳµöࡣ
ӻЩɣɣҶɲǸ
˵幫еȥ˾ǵģм֮ǰһҶûأھǰˣײ뿪ģԶˮ𣬲¡
⻰Ǽеģӱ˵һԣϼˣȥҴǰ
Ȼ֣ȻҪռŸߵģµҲǡҲТĿ𱰡֮ĻԭкİƿΧҵĵ軧ģ˭ҳǷǣ
ƾôڣΧۣԼݸԼƵġ
˵һӣɱŮ˷ˣǸԶҶü
ŹغãĪҪĶǡҶ˯˸ŻصϣںñӣСضŵĳš
ԼӣҶһ۾Ƽëվдֵ񱦡
ϼҲû׼ôĺдõΣҲ˸ƻĳͷñӿͷֶΧ棬վͷϰ֡
ƼҶţֻ̧̧ͷȴû˵
СһǸҪԼģСŷѧϰ֣ŶܽΪϸⲻıҪġ
ϰҪıǾרעŰ񱦽̵ĺܺá
ȻӵЩִŵģ
űʰһƪд꣬Сһëʣ󣬶Ҷ֣Ŵ
ҶסıǱԼҺӵĿﶼ˿˿ġ
æȥ񱦱ϣԼУҶָС֣۾ȴһڿ˱๫ⶼҪˣҲɿЩ
Ҫ˵ȴȿڵҲۡ
Ҷһ⻰ԼҶӵСǵдĶ뿪ʱõĹΣһƪ࣬ĪҪˡ
С˲§ס񱦣ЩۣСء
ɫǷΪãһдƪҪǲֻ⺢ܴӰдϡ
Ҷ
Եĺӣ⻰ȻģҶԼԲ۾뵽ƽֲ;ģԾĵͷ
ܰԼ鱾ﲻȥġ
СһҶԼ֣ЦǺǵʵȥ̡
Ҷͷ񱦵˼Ƕ˰ɡȥǳԣڼﲻ񱦵;Ͳͣ
񱦺ܸɴصͷȻ˵Ҷ죺ȥ̿϶Ҳ񱦡
Ҷķ˯˯ȥ
ӦһԹԵҶԼȥ
СղдȻ̹ɸ첲ȶЩۣûñ˯ˡ
ҶҵţȥԱߣͿѾһȲ衣
ùůţҶԼͷੲݵĸߺ֮ɵõ๫ͷҲڳЩ
ù˵ӣɳҶǰƣǳ¡
Ҷֱùһɳ⣬˷飬˵ôȥ˺ǲá
䴽ǣͻûʲôˣ⸽ԼˣֳȥҲû˸ֻۡôȥȷʵǷúܣģͿ䶨ˡ
С˲˵ģֻҪԼ๫˵ģҶš
Ǳ㲻ڵģתȥô䣬һ˼ûС
۾Ȼ˱Ա۳ܣǸϵһӡ
ҶһۣǸŵ˿ɲרΪ˳õġ
ɵһЦ֪ܳĺɲʲôȱ㣬Ǳ¡ϣκһĶǾͶǱ£ܻᳳⱾͼΪѵãĪҪΪֻǸ˻ᣬҲᣬֻǳͬݲͬһ˵Ѱ˵Щ£ҲǳôȫûпڲŰˡ
ϾһҪûҵĲģǾһ£ݵ䣬սȺ壬ΪĶǰԼˣ˵ر˵ʵԼġ
Ϊ˾Ͳᳳ죬ǳ䶼ϴ㲻顣
Ƕ˵ıʸɱˡ
Գ£ҶȴЩ棬ҪʣȴѾͣ
ɵվȥƣҲ˲п˵ˣȥӭһ¡
Ҷȥ¹ϣһõӸƽһʵ˭ˣ
סҶϸƣһͬȥƲ֪ˡ
ҶʱҲŷϸ˹
ǰϣѱʵˣ
ҡҡͷӦûС
קקѣ幫㻹֪Ӳӥûеõô涼ûȻǲȥġ
ѵͷü΢壬Ҫȥš
ȵȡǰѵȥ׼Щźô͡
һ㶣ĶĿˡ
ʱŷңŴ򿪣ŤͷȥƼΡ
幫˲ٺռǰĲٵطЩ˴Ǹոµˣ첱ӴֵģһºͷðȻǳġ
һߣһӣһԲٷͬ˵Ż
ſˣ幫ǱߵҪǰգȴС˸ס
֣ĸٴˡ
Ҷ֣ͷһȣһš
ҶƼǴŹٷǸףǰŷϵĸ첲ʵɩɩǺˣ
죬֮ǰعʯ˲ǱؾôǽģˣۼҲǶշ
ҶӦһּ£ԵĲûʣֻܺͷһͷơ
Ǳߣɷֱ񣬸
ǰǼѵģͷؼ۴ЦĴţ˿βסȡ
ʵڸ֮ǰ˴𸻻Ȼ˵ҵͷ
ΪʮͷλΪɸĳϢ
Һȣɸһ볯Ϊ١
ɾѡ·ȴߵ˳˳ˮ
˵δĹˣȻΪͨǿǿ̽ɵǣδ
ĺɹϵģȴҶɡ
ԵĲᣬ˵ͷнһ붼ĲҵɶĿ࿴οڽӵʱʯרŶݲͬȻ
ɹΪȥţԵ˼ң֪زôһˣҳ£˽ˡ
Ƽۺ룬ЦݺƣҶٷ磬üȻǷͬһ㡣
ˣﻹЩŤġ
ϾǸĸ֪أƽ޹ʵı֪ҲͬȴǻЩԹ
ǵʹصޡ˵ţ˿ɣͻֻЩ黹Ҫ˵˵źá
һЦֱ˵ǡ
˵ͷƽ˴λ磬µĳӴȴǺֻܰڶɹӣȴûм·˽޽ܺùδζҪȴɴ
һ⻰۾
ǰȻ˵ˮֵǰǣҶԼǮ񣬿ǶΪ飬ɲһֵܰԼǮͳãۼΪʵĿҪǮıɵȻ⡣
ǽŵֻ²ţ·ֻҪͷ֪ش˴ΪѰҺʵȥǡ
Ȼ⣬Ͼ˼ɿǮʮӶ꣬ҪҸŵ˻ף
ڰǰѹͷָһ룬ȻЦɣոյһССķҲʧӰ٣ЦԽ飬ŰֵžͺշƵġ
³ˣͲٿڣøͬ˵
ɼ̬ǫͣԽϲ޲ھק˵˵ŵ飬ڵǧҲöźʡҹζࡣ
ĵԽ֣幫Ǳ߾ԵĶࡣ
幫ʹˣۻ軨۾ʹĿЩɵĵǱߡѵ
һվŵ΢ƣǣ
幫ûţôֻˣ
˾ˣúھǴŲˣܻʲô
ͰˣҪ֪үĪҪ֪شߣ
ȻӲ󣬶й˼ɣǱ˺֪ĵȻ죬̫үҪǻذɣֲʲôˡ
幫ȴҧݣֻﶼѪĭζˣɻҡҡͷУߣˣ綼ҪҵҲȣֻ¾û˾ˡ
˵µı޷ҲΥ泤㲻˵Ƶһԡ
幫һ˷ԼץŹȵֽ˽Źȣһɡ
ûǰ幫ͨ͡һɹ£֪شˣĸ찡˸С
ǱģǺ˵ŵ飬ûע⵽˹
幫һɤӰһֵ֪ش˵һ£عͷȥʱҪƼǸ׷ߣֿ޵ңæԹȥ˼ҿʲôԩ˵ٶΪ
ķС˾䡰ϡҶλ֪ش˵ȤʱСƤƵġ
幫ƺ⻰˵վĨĨŹȣ㿪ʼҵĲǡ
ԱţЩ䵭
Ҳ˵ҲТһϹͷܿʲôģЩոնԺͷ¹ˡ
ţ߿඼Ҳʴʶûüˡ
ҳԼЩӣ²仰Ҫ
ģȴġ
֪أϸΪѡ
ʯ뿪ǰ˵ҲͬˣҪģ̸ҵ飬Ȼ֪ͷˣǰλ幫Ҹһ˼ҡ
Ȼ˼ңŹģǾԺɵˣûʲôǣ
ֻϷⲻ飬ѪԵǶ幫˵Ҳʲƣ¸浽ﲻУִҲǸ¶
ɲɵÿҸӣѶϼ£ҲΪˣ˽ɺãҲҪһ¾˲ǡ
⾩˵ıɾãǰ;ãûҪΪһ顣
ϣТʮеһ鷳
û˵
⣬֪֤
ǰ֪ص˵˾仰֪һ㶣ɵÿĪ֮ǰǿң
ҡҡͷһ顣
ɵԲ۾ƺŵˣܿͻعٵˣеƣЦЦƳͶɫת幫
ûʣɾЦŵٸո֪֪ҼҷϽҸĸзر˽ʾ
幫Щ£ʶطǲΪǮˮ֣š
һ飬մġɸոҲ˵ĸɴࡣ
ҶƽĻ̧Žҳĺ첼
輫
ĸּأıҸĸ±أͬչޱ޼ʣ˾˵Ķá
ҵҶ˵Ҷ˭˵һ֣
ոĶ£һ뵽ԼղڸϽа壬ֻ亹Ѹʪˡ
˿̣幫һЩŤңۿҪˡ
Ͳˣû¶ôǼͶ
ңײŶٽң
лҪ˵幫ôһһ
ʣֺÿǴͣߣ
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183 
̱ڵϵ幫, ¶˲, ȴЩΪȻ
Բ֣ҲģȥǸƴȱķүģٵмǺģοƷ֪, ˵Ǹĸ죬˵ǾÿԼëƤ߰Ķˡ
ֻеԺ֪, 鱾ϵ綼, Ǹбľ
ɿҵ, ײ֡
ɾûĳɾ, һ͵幫ֻҲҲͷ, 񲻹ǾгϢˣ幫ΪҪ˼ǶЩŸЩ˼ǰϹڡ
ҶȷʵҪˣ˼ҵԼģǻϸģ
˵Ǻ˼ңǾǺ˼ң˭˵־ǺͻϽа塣
ɱʲôô, ˵Ȿռ飬񱳺ҳⳡܻûʼѾˡ
Ǵͷβû幫ˣȥ֪ݴ˵ʱ, Ѿ϶ڵĽ
ͻĴûУˡ
ҪؾģڻȥǰѼҲТ
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ûи幫ֻܿɣֵˣ캮ض뵽ڳԿȲůҲһ֮¡
ҲЦҲãΪġɻͷ۵ҪͬҶ飬ȥ֪ݴ˱š
⻰ֻ֪վ󣬰ַڴõ¯ɫȻ
ҲᣬЦͬ˵ſһš
ǿ˿ԼҶܣŶܹȻǰһһĺãļ򣬶ȴ˻ǰȻˣȥɣǸϲʳ
⻰˵Ǵ򷢽лƵģȺԼҿñӻɵĶлӶ硣
˼ҽлӻ峪أֻ³ɽգԵʲôᡣ
Ҳ࿴Сʹ˸ɫʹȥˡ
ɿ˿ԼҴ磬ֻǰķƣ񻹶Щ
˷仯ǼõģܶЩ̤ܵܵʵּɣԹԵظš
СҲûкǶ˼ԶЩҲͻȥˡ
Źرʱ顱һ
幫ѾЩˣԼôصϵĶ֪
ΧЩСֵֿϣ幫취Ӿȳϲµȷʵǲˡͷôã
幫ȴǱ۾һԲ
βżһ䣺߰ɣ񡭡ֻѾˡ
һֱſŰϣͷûСŻǰͷ
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²ҪҲֶΣǷġ
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ֻľԽԽˮ·õҲԽԽ࣬Ҫںӱ½һڰҲ÷Լҡ
¶ֱ˵ҲѰʲô·ϾԼ⻹ǹ˶˳֪Ƕ˵İӣҪ¶ֻܴС֡
·ɶǧ飬ҲɵعˣδȻԼҵĺô
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ҶѰ㲻⣬ͬһ˺Ժ׼һ¹Ӧ֮ٿǶûС
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󱧱һȤ
ȥʱȻƼ̥ԲĹĵڵץ棬һԵקʯͷͬ˵֮ҲʯͷϵãȻôǸֵġ
ʯͷ˵Ҫ鿼ȡɵײǰԶΪֵƢԣòѧõĹΣԺһˣҪ񱦱飬Сʯͷ˵ȷʵЩĥˡ
̥ȴϲʯͷ磬ÿʯͷһԼҸܷŹǣǺ¡
ҶͷϽźʯͷΪԼǣ˭֪϶ͷһ䣺ѵúùʯͷ
ʯͷ
һʱ䣬Ƿֲ֮Ҳһ㣬ǱԼݲһ㡣
̧ͷվͦСظҲ뱳񱦱
Цŵͷ񱦵Թ϶úúãء
㱳һԵʯͷ̾Ϊֹ񱦸׽Щ
ԵĲ˵񱦵ܵܽԼķݶϣԺҪ񱦺һ㣬һ㡣
ȱһΣСض˵ĺˮţҶôϴɾԼȥԣͷһι̥
ǱŸƻе񱦣۾βסľ̾Ҷߣ⺢ӵôСܱѧ֮⣬ȷʵǶĺӡ
Ҷ߳ǲ̫ʺӶϵ£ԱǲǺҲֻ֪ԺܺʯͷͺˣС˲˶٣Դ󣬼ǵöЩҲ
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󣬷ϱ˵һ׮飺Ȼûˣǹмᣬһȥɡ
Ҷ˵ͷá
ǰڼʱֲҶȥ٣ȥҲᳵ·
Ӹι̺һӰСһ߶Ҷ֪ݷֻ֮ǰ˵ǽղᣬȴ֪Ϊθոʹ˵ӣ˺ͬȥ
Ҷͷûа¶ϡ
ȴ֪βӱΪҸոճ顣
֪Ѿһţ֪κ΢΢üĶЩʲôˣ
æǰǳڵ̻˵Ҫ״ǷծɹƭС
κȴֱֱӣңĸң
һ㶣ǸҰ
ǳң
ǣǸ֮ǰ˱ץǸҡ
κ˿üҲɿ٣ˣǣǸңֻ鷳Ķࡣ
ͷκ˲˵Ҳе
ҿͷŸﻹھΪ٣ǡ⻧˼ѰǸѭ浸أǷǣȻΪѡ
ûйϵõģڳǻԼɻˡ
κɫЩȻˣ˭״ӽ±ǣø֪ȥľͽúð״İպ̻ĪҪ¶ˡ
ӦһԼҴ˵˼Ҫ¹죬˽ȻװģҲͰࡣ
κһվߵǰϰڷŵֽͶһԡ
һֱ£Ǹ֪ݴߣȻ֪ͷдй飬һʱҲ֪ηӦ
˻κȻŵˣҹһ빬ţڵϢе¶ۣ˴£֪Ҫͨһͨ
κ˵һۣսͣŻĺһ
˵Ϊ٣κھﻹԼڵġ
ΪڵзŻҪѡʱκ˲ûоټԼŮӣĬҲһţȥҲ
κ֪빬ʲô£˶ֽš
κû뵽ǣȻûлصڹʵɵˡ
£κ˲⣬ȴԸֵۡ
ԭֻΪκ˺ǻʹֳĴ¾ʲô
ʺӣ뾩ֻҪЩϢĶѲϵһ
˵Ϊ֪ļйأǼ鷳ģĬԲǺõġ
վ·߳ģҪΣκΪǻᣬ۳Σǵ⣬³ǶǸ˵ѡ񣬸и
κҲû֮ڿڣǵԺĪҪᣬ뱾޹أֻ֪ˡ
Ҳ֪ѵúͿӦһٶԡ
ʱ˱ˣĲҪˡ
κΪǹ£ȥƣٷˣǴ±㲻ûˡ
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ԭ׼ȥϢκֱӣ͵ʲô֣
˵ǣ輫
κ˰ĸĥĥȥԽĥԽҼڵġ
õͽҵ˼Ҳ٣ܵ黹ǼΪ˷˼ĽңɲѰ˼ġ
Ϊߣǻ
һۻǷң߶һЩûлУȴܵ
κȥѱٵĳ汾ȥҵϲ
κʱѾһ֡
֮Ƕ棡
ǻʵʣӡģѰռǿɶҪĸͷԱ𾴣˭ܲĽң
֮ǰᣬҶɽԺͲ˼ˣǿ顰־и߽ࡱĽҶߣ˲ϼմ⡣
ڣ˼ңһһ߶
ĽУʵҲУ飬϶ҪͺģϸףأָҲմմϲЩô
ҲУһһֻҲûںٹ֮£żӰֻҲ˭࿴۵ġ
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ҶһˣҶѾǲˣܼҶɺҶɩģҶǵĺҶȴģ
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ˣûϣҲֻǺҶˡ
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ЩԺ·ҲЩ
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˿ǣȵТ˵Ϣ
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ЩãȻȻһ֮뾩ǧ֮ңʲô˼Ȼ֪
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û뵽Լ֪ЩЩȣȴûжʣǵ˵ͷǣǸϼҡ
Ȼ֪ϼ˭ų˻ʺ󻹳࣬ǸõĸŴ󻧣Щп˼ҲûмǹȻǽ˶ࡣ
֪ԼҶɲƽ׵⻧˼ң˵ô뵽ϱקקӣ̲˵ֻܴȰĿʾ˵
λҪ꣬׮Ҫ͵
ЦЦ˵ɡ
̧ۣ˿ǣŻָ飬ۼϾҪϼҽΪ׼ˣ׼ýƸźá
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˻һסǱһ˻ȥֱֱֻĵ˵ϣˤ˸顣
лҪ˵ҶҼ޶ϣԴǸ
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ǲµԼҵᾪ, ȴûڷӦô
صʱ, ס, Ťͷӵʰ, ĪҪˡ
Ҳ˶֣Լһ·Сȥ˶ѵɨɾȻ˳ȥĵĹš
һֱûл, 㶵Ŀ
ԺЩΪĸߵȻϣӶԽԽ, Ҳ֪Լɴͻ, ֻ׼ʵ̫Щ
һʼܵʱ, ʼû乫, ĪпŮ, ҪΪŮȻôûϴͻأ
ʵʣÿĽʿﶼбŴе, ͢Щѫǲȫǻ׹, Ҳʱѫλ, ˼ҵŮҪ¿ƽʿ๫Ҳ١
˵ϼ, Щúã
ѫ˵ϮλϸǸŴ, Ѱ˼ǲ̫˼ҵŮġ
󲻺벻˵ǵžλֻ˵ǰ˳۶ôïҲû취ĶǶгϢ
ٽʿڣԶ󣬿һ˼ҿϣڳ͢ͷġ
Ϊһ˼ҵżͬ׸һ㣬Ī˵ϲһֻڼҲҪСһӡ
ϼȴͬŻʺҵиļۺгʵȨգ˼ֻԽԽãһһԹ
ҵŮֻҪɵϷǶдǰ̡
ȴֵԼɡ
קקϵӣô񣬲סʵҪ˵ϼҵλ
صϼһ˵ǻʺĵãϼҵ

ϰƺ߶飬һʱҲ벻ʲô֣ǵ֪λΣòΣɺദ
ûǹƾϼҵļҽ̻г͸Ŀڷ磬ܲµһƷòѣദɷġ
Ե˼ң¿̽ɣõʵΣǵѰ˼ҳᱻɼƲ
ϼҲͬ˼ұȻҹɭϣڳΪڶ࣬ۡ
ϵͷ˼֣ΪĸףֻҪ֪ϱǸõľͳˣԵ⡣
ò׻ع񣬸ոĸ˵Ļû壬ֻܿʵɣΪϼͬۼҽΪ׼ң
ʹţȻΪ֣ҪҪҸɽԺʩϸŴϡ
⻰ǲߵ֪ģվʹˣţ˵ͻϽ嵱ֵǸҫ飬Ҫ˵ֻ»ᾪϣٲǵǣһȥֻ¶ɵҲá
黢⻰㣬˭ڻǰƸΣգԼ֪λʵۺ͵£˲ŵġ
ʶֻǵɵк󣬿ν֣Уһģŵϼͬ⡣
⻰˵ҲʵŮĽ̽ɣⱾ䳣
ֻ϶ȴ˲Բ˲ٴϷ
̾һֻΪ˵ٲÿΪ⺢ˡ
ҲͷȻ˻ϵĶ䣬ۼɳ⡣
֪׼
ǿɵö׼Ƹźãܲܿ׼ҹ

Щ벻ԼҵЩʲôֻ治ô໰Щдİ´಻ףƫƫƵġ
Ȼ׼ҡˣ˵ǱȻɵģҲͲٶԣ÷뿪ˡ
ߺԣöûпڡ
ԭЩǶڶ˻ȥо
ϵҹѾ͸ϲſڵȻѾǶ飬Ҫʼ׼ˡýƸһ٣Ҹ׼Щóźá
ȴû˵ֻţ۾δ֪ĵطԵЩãȻ
ǸʵˣԼĸȢôӣ˭֪һ׮һ׮ھܺ׼ҡ
⡭ôƵģ
ǹϺܶ࣬Ȼ޷ģǸϵڱһĺ£̾ûԵ˼ֱһѣô˵ʲôۼҵĴϲ¶ϳţ۳žҪ꣬Ҳúúø׼ǡ
סϣͷЩƣҡǲ
ԣһѣûˣĵһ֪ҲΡ
ˣȴЦӦ˵ĶԣҿɲҷΡ
ϺһۣȴҲЦһѣҲ˲ϳԶֻܽҷ˼ˣôɱ
ȻҪ͸ŽףƸȻСҪϸϸıźá
ֻ֮²һ͵ģҪıҶҲûдֻĬĬظԼ׼ޱȼԼɺǻͷǧյİ£ʶԽ
ĲٲҪҶͷϰæ࿴Ҷ֪鲻棬ǸûǱ룬ĬĶûжʣֻ˾ǡ
Ȼ֣ӺЩ
ҵԽԽ࣬ׯϵճҲǼãǳǮͳ˽ٹᡣ
ԭҶĶʮҲȥȥҲʣֻ뿪ѵݣרŶСŴ׵ĸ㣬ȥ
ʹŹ񣬵ǼȻµЩ˴ȥǳɱ¾ΪԼ޶ҲҪЩЩɻĺá
ݼﲻҲв뷽Ҷȥֲᡣ
岻ɾгϢˣѵҶҲӣȻҪǶദҲЩϵðԼҡ
˼ҶϣҶϵãҩ̶ҪȥͷˣմⰡ
´ҶܺͷϸùϵҲǼõģ˼ׯĵ軧ǮĶҲѵһ
ǷҲÿᶼӦģҶȥӾˣԼߵ鲻ϾͰĸҪȥĸҪȥƵ٣ȥĶǹپˣҲҶһ𣬶շ
һȥ沶˵Ĺϵο٣ǱҶ֮ǰ׽Щ
ܿ죬㵽˴ʮ
ʮʱ򣬵˺ܶ࣬Ա˴ţʼ׼úõعꡣ
ȵϳԽʱȥ꣬ȴ˲ޡ
̥׷ܣʯͷںŻţ¶ǰĴڷϻ۾Ĵ
ʱӶרŸСһŵʯͷԼԣ̥Ҫι
ԭҶǺϲιǳԶģιһСģϲֻҶȴι齻Īӡ
ɵӵ߬߬Ҷ֣Сʵôˣ
ҶƫͷҲС߻صҳԽӴĪҭǡ
ҲÿϦ飬㲻ʣֻԽעҶˡ
ƼҶһһεİͭĬĬɰʱɵţԼС
ȥҶܴͭǮˡ
ʱǴ˴źһġ
ϣ񱦱ȥ⿩ЦŸűģҲѵõûһһԣҲվŸŸһˣ
ֵʱҶȻû̸˵˼ֻܻǣôꡣ
̻ȼţžȥֺͰס˯ȥǶͻص˸Է䣬Ҳǽƣ
һãʲôȴҲ
Ҷ˸ǷֻĨأźȥ˵۾ǲӿؿڣѹԼ๫˯ãֲ˲Ų˾ѣĺܽ
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С˲ξֻܳ˯ʱ§
䲻֪ǲӵıؾ֮·ڻǺõģҶøЩú˯ɣȥ￴ơ
ҶӦһЦЦǼȥġ
ʵ˵⻨ƳʱϲǼȴûһʼʣҶϲͬһʲô
ӣƣֻһϲġ
վϲϲˣʲôˡ
պһҾ˳ǡ
ȥӣźҲͶЩõı㲻ҵǼСؼʱǼܴЩġ
ѰһƥҪƥĶټϳȵ͸Ű󣬳źۡ
ʶݳ˲٣Ƽ֪ҡ
ҲûҪ͵ôķͷˣҲòҴţʶ˴γиڡ
˳ǣѾҹĻ٣ҩ⻺ͣ¡
³һҶһǰͷƵ࣬ͣҩ̺ԺŽȥ
ҶӦһվȵְⱧڻǱ
ԭҲõﱧҲ֪ܵСԼܲǵģûڡ
ǳ³ʱҲ񱦣üЦ
߽˿Ƶ˳Ҳ벻Ե飬ֻ۾ãҿģ۾ɵԲ
ǰҲǵǵǺԣЩģԵñ˭ϲ
ȥ˼գմ࿼ǼǣС޼ʶ࣬²ҲһֱֺǺǣûµҲһ˾͸⻶ϲӮĻƷҪԼţ̧°ͣ˵ĲС
ĺƢҶЦ񱦴Լ˵ĵĺˡ
ϻۣ£ҪǿÿƢҵԼϲķӡ
Ҳͷ񱦣Ŀͻ
ĸ֪ĸ˸ף֪Ϊ˸ߵǸʲô˼
Ƕܳɷֻϣܹƽϲֱˡ
ţҶסһ
ɵפ㣬˳Ҷ߿ȥƼ˸Ϥ̯ӡ
Χ˲٣Ǹļӣ˲ٴСǸƣڶϣŽ꣬ǻƱǸɰͣž͹ɿɰ
̯ҲӡģǼǰǵһμʱĹ̯
Ĺ˺˲ͬͭǮ֮ӮһܶСɫʲô
ϴμ̯ʱǰǴγ˲ǮȴһζûУҶãһһѵ˵һ͸˳ο
ӳʻû֪̯ӵøϤ
ɶ̯˵ӭ⼸λȴð
˵ʱ˲ܲڶһ֮ԵĿ˼ǵ
Ҷ̯ӡϴһաʵǰѵһһξ͹̹ˣټҶòЦʱüĸüǣ̯һ۾ϳˡ
Ҷ˵̯ͿɥλˣɷŹ£
Ҷգգ۾˽С֣Цһ棬Ǯˡ
̯ǿ۰Ͱ͵ؿҶ
С˲εҲΪҲ֪Լϴΰ˼ˣ뵽ԼԽӶеģ˵ȤʵС˺ܶࡣ
Ըǿѣžˡ
ʱȴֱָ֣ŵǸС״ĻƣҪ
Ҷ̧ͷȥֵͷ⣬ЦŵҪԼӮģ
⿴˿Ҷֿ˿̯ŴҪ
⺢ӽմһë磬죬һȦɫëΧϣССԽɰ
̯˵ҶƼôһɰ޻Ǹϲġ
һԵСҲ̯λãܲܺҲðɣϴҲǴˡ
룬̯ҲԼܲôҶȻϲ˲ù棿
ҶԼʱģŵҪһ
˵ϷʵǶ
⻹С治£ʿɶֹǣ֮ܲǰĳû꣬ĻԼ
Ҷ۾ȻһָȥӦһˣɺã
ȻǸС̵ͷ֪һ
Ҷ־ֻܲϸ߹ԴҪһˮƽģʶҶֿҲԿ
ӦЦǺǵĶҪǵ˻ƣ͸⡣
²ߣǼȻϲҲŵͷ
۾ֱĶŻƣСַŵǰ˹С֣ģ
֪Ǻ˭ѧģŷɰɵСԴ̯ŷԱǸһƲ˾Ȼһҡ
ֻ̯Ҳû˼ϸϸֱǺˣֻܻ˻ϵӣ˹ȥ
ȹȥ񱦣ĪӰ񱦰ȥһ

̧ͷ̯ԭһ̯˿λ˵ûŴӣЦŵϧˣСүûвͷġ
Щʧ䣬ȴû̫ʧ˳Ŀ
СȴʧˣСȻǸҲֱӶӣŤͷ
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СӦһ׼ȥʰƼϵһԲС
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, ˵ͷֽӹ, ϸܼұЦŹָǡ
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ҶϴģŪ˷˿ȥ˴ϣ˴ʣʰͣҲ׼˯˭֪һӣƼȴɺõԼӣ̧ͷҶ
ﱻ̿迾ȺģҶ£ڱϣȻǲ䣬ֻһۿȥƼľɫĨأԼȣʱȾ˵Ķ䡣
ҶȴȻδһ㣬ЦŶ๫ȱ˯˰ѺĶŵȥ
˷ŽҪİڴϵģҶ˯ҲΪ˷Ŷ
ǡ
һ߰ԼȥϽ˹ҶӹԿ׳˺ӡ
ͷŵ
һţƤװŵİ׺֮ǰõţڻʣµȻǽҪģҶԶűϡ
һ˲ᣬ治иϵˮĿǮȥɵǮҶŵģС˲һֱԼ˾Ǽĸʶÿһ˶ĺϸ¡
һ飬ŷں£Ʋʲô
ΪҶҪҲŵȴҶֻǽţƤ˲Žȥ͹ˣⱾ鲢û
ҪʣȴҶѾ˳
С˲̧ͷ˿ͷ˷飬ܿͷһҳԹԵĵͷתȥݸ
һ죬һƬ
ıܻͼ٣ҲͷһαԼû⧲֮£˭ô㵵ġ
Ҷȴ̹ȻץӰק˹˴ʣЦӯӯĶұȥŹʱ๫һƵģֻЩæúܣЩʱҲҪ㺢ӣһֱûϡ
㶣ղԼˣԼԭһֱĥ¶
Ҷſϣ˫˵Цüÿˣ๫벻룿
Ӧģ˴չ೤ǡ
촽ֿԵͳҶ𣺡룬Ȼģ뽿뵽һȥ
С˲§ס˵Ĳ˵Щʲôȴһ̱˷˸ѹڴϡ
ܿʲô벻Ҳ˵ɾĻҶֻʱ۾ţ˺ôࡣ
ӱʱкܶ࣬ȥĲᣬҲŲմصæ飬ǿеЩԼ飬ٲȻź֣С˲˵̹
ǳҪȥ
˵ҶƽֺͻסһҶƽֻҶĴ磬Ҷ벻Ҷƽ֣ÿÿֱӣͬһ˵ûꡣ
Ϊ强˵ҶҪͻһһδ˳Щ
ҲҶܽĵѲ࣬Ҫ빬̫ڣҶ˵ȻǺõġ
Ҷʱ򣬾Ƽ⨺ҹԡ
ҶҲϲ棬ɫңҪժһ̣ۣǿɿڡ
Цк
Ҷ˸ӣһŽͱ
һ㶣ŷӦЩ˼ǸڵĿζƫ˺ܶ࣬û¶ɣ
Ҷҡҡͷŵģһֱ˿Ż
ǿ飬Ҷգ۾ƣӳİɣأ
СԱոջڵģ˵Ҫȥתתȥˣ˶٣Ҳȥƣҵ˸ģÿ͹ںԺͷ
Ҷ֮ûأЦأ
ͷз磬Ȳȥˣ㡣˵ţһ⨺ҷŽ
ҶŶȥ˿Ƿŵųš
⴦ۡҶǳģҲűҵط
ȹһžܿˣҶȴڹźͣס˽Ų
վ£ַ֦ɣգգ۾û
СؼҶˣЩ̽ͷȥһ۾ͿǱɫʯϣʯ϶桭ףǲ
лҪ˵񱦣Ҳ֣

ҶԶԶԣ֣
񱦣qaq
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187 
Сһϳ, ҶȻҲûпڣȴҲûǰǱߵˡ
ΪԶ, ֻܿںʯ˵˵ʲô
ҶҲ, ֻЩȵĿ˿ǡ
Ҷϵõ, һֱҶƽߣҶƽҲΪ˶˷, ˵ڻǰҲǵ, ƷǺõġ
ֻҶǵʯ֮ʲô
ҶʯϴǶⲻ˽Ӵ, ֮ǰв˿ʯһɳ죬Ҫʼʩ, ӭȢʯֺʯ, ŪʯϷʤ
ʱʯ˵ҪȥӵĻ
ڿ, ʯӦǸ, ҶС˲ţӳǿϻۣԼ⣬ʲôǻῼġ
ȻˣҶҲԼҪΪʲô, ʯʲô֪Ȼ˵ҶקקСصߣȻذɡ
Сظɣȥ̽ӵ飬Ҳ֪¶һֱǵʹԴҶ࿴ԱӦһ׼Ҷ뿪
뿪ʱҶСĲһµϵϸ֦ŪЩ죬Ҳᡣ
СظæסҶСġ
С˲ζס˲ӣƣǱٺʯûлͷ˿ֳһԿȥֻйϵԴ˿
ɫβǰȴɫԲͷԲԣһ˫۾תҶƣͻš
ҶĳʲôȻҪʱ򲻶ԣ˳ִһԵĴɹץӸסĵС죬ྐྵӵʱæС뿪
Զģȴû
ϰ֮ˣ˵书ҶƽǰȴǶĿԶҲҶС˵ʲô
֪Ҷʯϵ׽ϵģȻ˼ҲײƣȻҲ˵ǷǣҲ͹ֻ֪ܶʯϵϴΪβǲϲǲϲȥһġ
ʯһ⻰̧ͷ͵һۡ
ͬѰŮӣڶкøУҲΪһ˼϶ӡ
֮ǰٻ˵ĺúõģͳȥĶãȴǵôߣζҪʯϸЩϵ
ǰʯ϶Ȼһȥ
ʯȴֻǵԵĲû˵
ϾڵʯϿ٣Ͳ֮ǰİ룬ҲĴ
ֻʯϵĻûʲôͲˣôΪʲô
ٱ¶˸żɵЦݣԴ֪ҵģúܣ֪Ů˶ϲʲôϲ͸㣬Ҫһø˵
ʯȴƵɲء
ʱϸŸ£˵̫ûʯϵĹ԰ܣϴ˵ʶֻԶԶվţǸæÿζǹʯ֪£ȴδζʯǰ
һȥģʯϲĶ¡
͹һͣŸҪʱճܳá
ֻʯϿصȴС۶Ϊٽȴзִ磬ֶģʯֲǸʯͷģůůˡ
ʯϿپԲֻܴݴаǼõġ
ҪǸģʯҲƲۡ
ȴԼС˼ʯϿֻЦЦ̽ô
ʯҲǣ֪ʣʲô
ȻҪô˰
ҽô׷ңõ
һ㶣Ȼû뵽¶ΪʯǿȥƼʯϴЦ֪ǶԼأŷģظҲᣬֻǵżȻ㣬ҲǸ˵ģɡ
ʯȴͷҲţ˵ʵ
̹ףÿ뿴ʲôʱڡ
̬ʯЩϵЦҲв١
ȴǶƣ˻֮ǰȣ˺ܶࡣ
ǰ䵭֣Ǹɽϵıѩȴʲ٣ȻѩһõˣѩȴǸɽ֮ңɼ˻ϣġ
ʯƵʵôˣ
ЦҾã˸ˣõúܡ
ʯû˵ԭģֻǹȥ¼ҵǶĥĻϲľľҶ֪˻ָֻҪɾ
ӹ̹ȻѾĥǧ㣬Ƣȴһز١
Щʯϲ֪ÿ˶а˰ƿ˿ãʯҲֽҹȥ߸֪˲ȡͬŮӡ
ֻЦŵҲˣͷúܡ
ͷֻЦȴ˵
ʯǽŵӵݸ٣ûȥԣժģʱ򡣡
æӹҲ֪˵ʲôֻһͶ֣۾ҪЦûˡ
ʯϼ״㶣һǵóԣĪҪϴƵķ˶ûڣ˷ô
ٽӣǲ᲻á
ʯ壬߽ʵ˵ʲô
ٸæش𣺡˵ҳԣһúóԣ⡭˵ɫһ䣬ı͡
ʯҲǽŲһ٣ոǰߵ˻ȥ
Լ
ƺǰֻ߶ģӲ˵ڣͻˣһС˳˵Ҫʯϲϲˡ
СģҲˡ
ٵ˰죬ûʯջ𣬱㿴ȥƼʯ촽վĿʱʯϲſڵ㡭ȥɣ뿪ôãҶҲء
һ£Ӧ˵ĵͷ˳ģ˲٣ãһúóԶ
ʯסǣû˵ֱתʱʯϲϲľ񡣡
תضʯϵͷָ˸Цݣ뿪
Ǹصˣ·ȴһһģǸСӡ
ʯϲɵЦӵס΢գӡ
ڲԶվŵһֱû߽һֱ뿪Źһվʯϵôһ
һֱʯߣʯϵȻֻΪʯϸˣǻȴ˵һ䣬ֻܵˣҪȥ
ʯãҲЦȥֻİɣ˵˵ʳѣ˵Щ黰ûЩҲǺõġ
ʯϱӳȥһŵĴɹ˹ӳι˵
Ǻܻѧģѧѧüãֻǳ͸ģȻǾϸѡ
ոûʱʯϱ䣬ֻסһ䶼ѵá
ʯ̣צץŹӣСͷ˹ʶԺʹ˵˾䣺СģСġ
˻һû¶ŤͷͿʯɫ΢䡣
űʯϵˡ
һ㶣ʶܽﻹ̵ܱĴԼҶ̣ĸѧ˻˵
ܿ죬ӵͰˣˣղšᱻ˵ȥɣ
˵ʯϹһˣҲԼһ˶ûлԼҲʲôֻԿηںŮӸǿ̣ҪǴȥȻаʯϵ
ʯȴƽ£￴ŵʵзִĽ΢٣ѣỤҡ
ȴЩʯϻȥһʱ⣬˵ʲô
ıһѰ¶
ҶȷʵûаѸղŵϣʯϽûᣬֻЦڻߣкʯϵԼҶŻС߶¾ܿĸˣ𣿡ɸо̥ҶЦİá
Ҷ˵ԻҲЦָҶֱϣӵʱҲҪ
С˲Կ˻Щ⣺ΪӲҪţӿһ˳˳ģǴ磬ǲ˼˵ͷȥ㡣
֣صҲͺá
飬⻰ҶŵģҶ֪ҶƽֵĳһƬ⻳̥֮ǺܽҪģŻҶƽš
Ҷ۾ЩãȻ촽գƽ־Ҫȥ߹أʲôҲ֪Լû취Ҷʱϻˡ
˻һҶʯ
Ҳǿ⣬ΪС֪ԼҪΪ˳͢Эû˭ƽ޹ʵܽʳǿҪŮҸķʽȥȡƽֻҶƽȥְ𣬻Ȼš
ŷΪһ츣һǽȻҪ顣
Ҷһ⻰֪ѾԼԼˣҲͲ˵ʲôʯǵģʱǶġ
Цŵͷ˾ͰԹᡣ
˻˯ʱҶʯϱ뿪߳ʱҶʯ˾䣺ӳ㣬Ҫϲˣ
ʯƣվԺӵУ߳ӺСⲢˣҶʹվԶҲʯϲЦŵǲϲ»˵Ҫıˡ
ҶǸ˼ģΪҲֱʣ˿ʯϵͦİ
ʯ϶һ죬Ҷĸ첲С㿴ˡ
Ҷգգۣʣʯ³̾ͳװģЦͬʯϳţؼҡ
պҶƽ־͵Ҫȥ˷˵Ĳ¡
͢ŵĽǾҶƽֶԱ߹ظҲϤȥΣղҶƽֵĵֻл
ƫƫǻȥԥûУҶƽʱ裬ҶƽָпԼӵǳ£ؾǲƳˡ
Ϊе׼Ҫеġ
뿪ǰҶƽרŵУܶ࿴˻ϻʺоĹź򣬶Ҷƽ־ȥϣú÷չЩ
ȶҶƽֲ˾뿪ǡ
ֹӣ㵽һʢʱ
䣬һñЩ֮ǰҶԺ˲һһƷһҶһ԰˸ӣźˣ
⽿һҲҶժЩȥһ֣ԽʵʱԽóԡ
칬˴ϻʺҶ빬ר˵ӣҶȥǰź׼Լǻ˷䣬ƼЦŵ๫һü
Žձڼ￴ԳԱҶ͵ûоױҪ빬Ȼôžȥˡ
ȥҶüʱ۾˺ͷĻ䡣
ѾǸüԳƵˣֻԼӻüһľۻѾŻüˡ
Ҷ˿ʵҪֻ䣿Ұٻ
Ϊ̫רעյĽЩҶֻ̧̧ͷ˵ϡ
һ㶣ûɿҶ׼
ҶȴƣЦŵŪҷ٣˻ҪᣬʱģҶ̧һ˫۾Цü䣬ˣҪȥ⻨һǽ˾Ͳˡ
˻һĬŵͷ
ʵǵӶܺúģȻСȴܽ񱦻̥ýȥ
ֻ̥ܰԣʲôҧһڳƽֻҪгԵĶ͸˵ǻ͵͵һﻹǺпܵġ
СӣǲԳ⡣
û䣬ҶԶɽüŸÿ֬ͿˣԵʲôûá
Ҷѡڷ䣬ߵʱʯͷԺѰǸ񱦶ģҲˣǵð񱦺˵һ
˵ͷҶŷ鷿ˡ
Լһʱʯͷûˣʵʯͷأ
ӻصʯͷүջȥ˷ŹΡ
ͷʵԼ𣿡
Ǹһģڷʯͷүû˵ҲöʣֻЩȥ
ǸСʲôģǲˣȴǸҲܴϻ۵Ĺͷ浽һǺ£ԺиҲǺõģȥˣȥɡ
Ӧһվߣһˡ
ڷǰһǰ̯һ飬档
Ųֻúģƽ̵񱦱ԼѲʶֶģд£Ƚ֣֪⣬Żͨٽ¡
ԴʯͷҲˣǱҪȿ֡
ŲûһֱͷͷãžԼСߵ⣬˸£ŲԶһڡ
ʯͷԼʶ֣ŤͷͿѾ꣬ڿڶҳˡ
ʯͷɵõֵ㿴죬ԺȻдǰ;
Ůң⻰ȻҪѹġ
н֮ţȴܲμӿƾٿԣ˻
ȴͬһʼĿľͺȷǾҪ¸ԼƣҴʶֻΪԺܸõӪ׼
ƾ֮ûҲ˵ģǰ;ѡˣȥǣʯͷ磬ҪŬЩźãͷҲõﰲġ
ʯͷͷӦ£ϵЦݸЩ
Щ֣㲻ڿ飬Ťͷʵ㿴ʲô˵ΪжӲ˲
õϲɫֻǶǿóŮĽΣʯͷо;Լֵеǻ
ʯͷǲΪģÿɰ
֮ǰϼʱƬ⣬ʯͷֵܣˣͶԵúܡ
һ⻰ЩĿ֪ʯͷô֣Ҫʲô
ʯͷȻˣղײգҽΪֵܿɺã
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188 
һ, ͵վ, ǰƷ
Ͼ˻ȥ, ˵Լקקǰ, ִ, ˼ʯͷ
ƼʯͷһµĿ
Сʯͷ֪ԼԼֵܲ, , ǹϵܺãֵܱһһĺǽ, ԺΪֵܣǺһ׮
ƺ̫⣬ʯͷҲֱʣֻ̽Ƶ˵˾䣺ֵ, 㡭ã
촽Լ, һ㶼ã
Ůӣʯͷ, С, ҲŮбĵֵܽܣ
ĪԺҪɽףӢ̨ʮͣ
⻰ȴֱ˵ֻš
֮ǰŮװΪΪŮӣȴҪʶ, ΪҴĴˣ֪ʹˣһӣԺҪһĻƱҪѧµġ
ԭϸŷһѧϰԼǷҵʵ̫ˣݶõ𣬵¼ҵ˺ҪһֱҶݣֻⱲӶ꣬ʱҴǸ˭նһ
СȴóǸ侫ˣõĶӲǰ׸ġ
ǿ㣬ѡŮװԺ顣
黹û꣬ԼŪ˸ֻ
⻰˵ڣ֪ʯͷǸʵƢֻ»ŵ¶ԼŪ˼ңܲ˵ʯͷĲǣԥһֻܺҲݡ˵͵ͷԵЩǸΡ
˼һģԼȴܾùⲻȥ
ȵǣʯͷԼڰ֣£żˣֵĪҪϣǵҲǼõġ
⻰˵䷢죬̧۾
С۾ĺÿԲԲģ̧˲
һź΢΢һ㶣ЩɻĿ˿ȴûп˵ʲô
˵ǻСܽأҪȴһЩſԡ
⻰Ūʯͷⲻ⣬ʵΪʲô
۾һתػش𣺡ҪѪھȥСͲܺȾƣҵѪۣҲҡ
˵ʵǣǿŶôԾ
ƫƫʯͷˣΪȻĵͷֵ˵öԣҲҲܺȾƵģղҿǲܣͻˡ˵꣬ʯͷ
Ҳæվ°ݵʱ֪뵽ʲô䱻յúͮͮģѾû˸ոյĽӲЦһ
ʱ򣬷СƼڶ԰ݣɵһ㶣ʲôأ
һ£̻صǡо¡
ʯͷæŵͷŷЦЦ
ڷŲһˣû룬СӽдõĲʶһĽнǶº󣬷űᣬжzս֮Ұ
ʯͷרערģ˶ûոյ顣
һֱ˽ѧĿģڷŵָԺĹΣʱ磬ǣʯͷȥ
ʱʯͷרŴһȥһҪ˵˵֮ǰѧһʫԺ徭ʫѧڵʫҲޣȥֻһ䡰꣬ʢһ
ǵѧʶ޼ֻԶһձˡ
ȵʱʯͷ˵һһͬȥѧʱҴЩɺã
ЦŵͷӦ£ʯͷָǡ
ôһոקԼʱĺӣɵС߶˾䣺ӡ
ƫƫô˵ʯͷûж⣬Щ׽ʯͷĻ̧ͷʵֵ㺰ң
ûлشֻЦתͷԶˡ
ʯͷһĪıӰԼͯʵֵܽչֵֹģ
ͷԥһ£ܾ⹫ЩŮ࡭
˻һʯͷֹ̧̧Ļһֵܲ˵ǻⲻǺûԺĪҪ˵ˡ
æͷӦ£ٶԡ
ʯͷϾͻָ˻߽ţ߶ţȥҪЩһͷֵܴȥ
Щ棺֮ǰҿС˲٣үֱȥòˣ
ʯͷҡҡԴɣ˵ЩǸȥģֻѾˣͷ˵
װʳеһδ빬ڵϡ
˴ϻʺľͬʱҲΨһһĹź˱ԵĹֹ
ź˶࣬ȴ徻죬йأƼҶ빬Ҳװûп۶ûС
ҶĶˣÿ빬ն࣬Ҳϰˣӱ˰µģŵһֱû˵ϻʺʱҲȫȻûĻá
ϻʺܿǵ˼ֻܲɫЦŵȥ̫ӱ浽һҲǺõġ
ӦһʱСı߹Ҫݸϻʺ󣬱ϻʺԱƳһ£ϥСŵС
Сźǰ̥˯Ǹ˺棬ľͷ˶ĲƥΧסײ϶ۡ
С»ҡεľȣ涯һСͻͷŵСҲػƣĻƮƮҡҡĸۡ
ո˯ѣţѾµСһﳤԲģ̥СʱЩȻ֣ȴϲ۾˳ʣЦʱһߡ
ӵע˹ȥֱϻʺ󰤸ףǾͷſˡ
ԱԼţС˵㹻ܿͺϻʺ浽һ
񱦹ɣãӣһһڴϣعϻʺЦ񱦣ɻǵ̣
ϻʺ󱾾˳һʣ񱦼ǲǵ⣬ϾϴμѾ֮ǰ飬ôãҲ
˭֪Ų⿪ĵ̧ͷ𣺡ǵã˵Ҫ鴮ɫģɳˡ
˻һϻʺһ㶣żϴǴӦҶ񱦣Լ̥Ǵ鴮͸񱦣ûһϲѶ
ֻϻʺЩ֣鴮Ѿȥˣôûյ𣿡
̿Ҷţֻһš
Ҷż񱦵Сյ˵ģֻ鴮̫˵ԼҾˡ
ϻʺҲΪĸȻҶ񱦵ĹģͷЦ񱦵ĴԴԺҲȢʱ⴮鴮Ƹ͸δӣǺã
գգ۾̵ͷ¶
ʲôȢʲôӣԺܻ֪ģȼ£ԺҪ١
ǿ˵ȴûԼˣ㶪˲򣬷ŴվȻλƵҪȥҶ
ǻûߵҶǰһᵹϻʺ
ϻʺæΪ֣˭ֻ֪ǿЦͻرסϻʺ󣬵㣬ǶǶ
ҶչȥţŵϻʺϵһζЦŵҼһʢţϲúܣͷ䣬ֻҪŵһζ߲ҴһҲ
˵óԵĸֻյʦȲϹľζ
ϻʺҲ̰֮ˣϲʳ
ڻﱧޣⷺϻʺȻЦŵͷǽ￼ȫߵĹ׼
ҪԶһӦȥԼҵܵܡ
ʵңҶû˵ҪŵܵõĻֻһܵûСʱ񱦻Щ
񱦶࣬ǰ鱾ĵΪѵܹһ
ڵܵõϲãһֱǵⰮ棬ԣһҪԶ񱦾ͻ뵽Լҵܵܡ
кóԵľ߲·ȴһԲСԱߣ۾ֱĶĳơ
Ǹӣ棬ҲǰòⱧë򣬴ڰĽ˯һ
ԭԳûʲôģССֵʱǶž˻̵İִ̽ȥס˳С֡
һԿ˵ĹҪţȴ뵽ʺ˵Ļûֻܽſʱ׼Űߡ
ʱӵһ
ûʲôӦǾ¶˸Ц
ʵµûʲôΪԲЩСᣬЦͦϲģҲûʲôϲֵĸã˸ͬľ;ʣ̶Щϲ
һûгԣСԱߣſ濴žקָͷ档
СӳʼûмӣƼһȻʣҲǿûꡣ
ǵϻʺҶʱͿ˸˻ӣӸֿǵϻʺֹסЦҲûдǣֻùǶ࿴Щˡ
ϻʺڵ˺̯ӣ˲ٺӵ񱦺⣬浽һϻʺͬҶǰЦŵ⺢ӶĿžϲ
ҶŲյԱҸտ̫Ҳܽġ
⻰˵ϻʺüЦɡ
ʹ̫ҽһֱ˵úã˳˳󣬵ϻʺǾЩ̤ʵԼǶҶѾŵ˼£Ҷ˵ݣϻʺŰġ
Ҷƿ˲յĸӣ֮ǰơ
ƮŶһԼǱݿˣԭɹɵһʢһ㣬ɫǳһڱۣܳһŨңֻǵģȴˡ
Ҷͷκһ裬ζã㿴ϻʺʵ𣿡
ϻʺѰϲϾʱŪЩģѣһ費ֻܶŴ쳢ʣԺһЩӦˡ
Ҷͷ£˿һȴûԣǿϻʺ֮ǰȥƹӣڸ¾Ҫˡ
ϻʺϵЦЩüЩǣƫƫʱ˷˻ʵҲҶֻǿ˻֪Σ
Ҷصͦõģ֮ǰҪһ֦˵Ҫܲ˶٣ҴȥûΣ𣿡
ϻʺ󲢲Ѱɣĸ࣬ѰҲѳϵó˵һ˵ϻʺȻ֪սϵۣû˭ƶԴʤ̡
˼ҵϻʺȻŻֻЦŵӦûеģҶ˶ڱ߹ƸϤȥϵҲľɲǾȻ׵ġ
ҶܰĵĳһҲЦ
ϻʺȴֻ˹ˣֻ׽ģ徻ŶҶ׮Ҫ˵˵
ҶŸ˵ֻܵͷϻʺ
ϻʺЦŸ˱ݹȥ׾첻׹£ʬ޴桭
ҶԭںŲˮһ˳ȥԸæȵȡͰֱ§ס񱦵Դø첲סĶ䣬Ŷϻʺ˵
ϻʺҲ񱦵ĺüԣͷȻѾؼҲ棬µĲҵҲҪġ
ҶգգۣǻϵֵܣҵҲø𣿡
ˣЩǳܳ͢µģЩܳ˽ģвû취£һ𡣡ϻʺյһڣдԼʮӻׯûʰׯӲùܣū̺ʰ˿ڸɾҶãչȥˡ
ϵ£ҶϤʹˣҶóϻʺڸԼҺô
ھ￪ıǾ̣ĶǷׯ̣׬ûš
룬Ϊ⾩լԺǮµģٵ涼˼洫ײǮҲ򲻵
ֱӵʮ棬۵ضΣⶼǼõġ
ҶҲֻٿƢֻܻϲҵãȥҾͻ๫˵
ϻʺҲЦʵ˽Һô˭Ƶó
Щȥģϻʺ󵹸ϲҶ̹ϣϲǻϲлǸлӲҴţü鲻ദʹĶࡣ
ϻʺ۾˿Ǳ߻ںֵĳҺãȻҪãʲôֵá
⻰˵ĺᣬҶû壬ϻʺҲû˵ֻ˿һԡ
һüãƤ㣬Ѱϻʺõļ٣ȴһԵĹ˶⾪棬Ҷơ
˵ʺգҶӽԵģܾһ˵
¶Ǽ٣ϻʺҶӺϲĶһķݶϣùÿŮҶ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱǵ۾ﶼ޲Ҷסڹ춢ԼŲźá
Ҷûжൢ飬ȵ񱦺ⶼ˯£ᱧ⣬Сϻʺˡ
ϻʺͷͬŻʺ»úš
ҶͷӦ£ݸĪӣԼȥ
˭֪һֱ˯ʱѵʱȴ۾˯ⶼûУֱĶС
˵ʱ˯һСû˯ˣͱ۾˯̤ʵСֽ߬ϵĺ
ҶģһֱܱĴš
ҶҪߣûж˵ʲôֻȻžȻǸϲཱུĵܵܡ
ƫƫ߬źʵ˯Ҳ
ҶҲӲקƵĿϻʺ
ϻʺȥһֻʵ˺ֿǿű߬ŵĺ˾䣺͵ܵˡŤͷͱסҶĲӣſҶһԡ
Ҳ֪ǲ뿪ۺӡ
С֮Ҷ䲻⣬ȴܸоЩ䣬Сһĺ󱳣
˯ˣҶʱСһȻתס⣬СҲ΢΢˰ͷţָ̥Ϥ˯ˡ
ҶֱЦǵĺ󱳣񱦵ķ񱦱Ժ˾䣺񱦡סҶ֡
Ҷͷƣֻôãֻǿľж泩
Ǻžĵ·ͨģżҪ·ȥҾ̺ߵĽ
ҶƣŤͷʵǲǿ쵽ɼˣ
Īӣû⿴Сֻһ۱ǣǰͷˡ
ҶЦŵǾ͹ȥƣʲôȱĶ̵ģҲòϡ
˱˸䣬ӡ
ܿ쳵ͣ˳Ťͷ̣ǰͷӶˡ
Ҷһ㶣Ϊпˣ̽ͷơ
һ۾ϳĳܣ㿴ǰи°ɫȹŮӵڵϣȣƺ˵ˡ
Ҷ۾ŮӵЩ죬ֻһʱ벻
Īӵչ˺ӣҪϸЩСصߣȥơ
лҪ˵񱦣Ϊʲô˶עҵԴ
ҶΪĴ
񱦣
Ӳͷʼ
񱦣qaq
=w=
ǲҪСա
1zս֮Ұ顷֮
2,ʢһ׾סҸ衷


189 
Ҳû뵽ԼúõĻؼ, Ȼڼſڱ
û³, ӵ˼£Ǻˣ
˼ôʱĶ, ͵֢״Ѿ˺ܶ, ڳµʱͷᣬŻصү, Ů˵, ү󡭡, Ͷ·, Ͷү
˻һ, ĺųˡ
Ϊһ, ͲǵǸͷСӡ
ڳ͢, ǰлʵ۱ӣة;ߵñѰͨ࣬Ȼܼܶ೯ϵķ׷ţЩܺܿ˳ɳ
Գ֮͢£, Ů֮£ҲΪԵ϶⡣
ѰЩۻᣬעŮӱ־룬˵̧ۿ
ȻȻ֪Ļʵͺͨ, Źʱʵ£׼ﲻȢ
Ҷɶ˭ҹƢ
³ЩĹԱҪ˵ףҪѾС檣ܾˣԺõúܡ
òܺȶ˹ϵԺĲҲȶ콵񡱣۵Ůڳǰͷô˲룿
˼ҲƳʵŻԼӣүңȥơ
ȵȡʱһ˳
һŤͷͿԼԪһĮ
ԼǸոձһŪû˷磬żԼΪΣ˼ҪͬԪ׻ؼͣͬһ
֮ǰΪ̽ԪױǺһ״Ԫɡ
˵֮ĹϵͰ۹ɼøΪ׽ЩΪƢˬʣΪǻľ˾˼ңҲЩݹϵڵģֶǼᶨվڻʵǱߣЩҲ
ԪȴͬңǼΪŻԪױҲ߰ʶͬ
ԪּּܸܳϵУʱҲҪͬ׽ЩԺҲһ𵱲
˭֪òһ˼һؼͣڼſôһ
Щȣ˼Цˣȥá˵žҪƿš
˭֪Ԫȴһס͵ק˻
ƫЩ⧲֮µϣЩ㵵ĿԪס
Ԫ׵ŮȻ㣬Ĳ棬֮ûֳԷ
ûЩ΢΢һ㶣ʶʵ֪
ԪƳһۣھ鲢ʣĶ˱ϰˡ
⻰̹ϣԪҲʵʵ˵
ңľﶼѵõĸţԪĲſСҪԸָŮͶͱ·öҲϤˣȻ⾯Щ
Ҳһ䣬û롣
Ԫ״˾ȴмҲλ״Ԫ类˵ǰ߰һֻЩ岻Ⱥˣ˻Ǻܺõġ
ǣԪ׾ͿԼмһЦʵ˵лл
Ǿ֮͵С£ȴǵôʵ⣬ԪʵЩȡ
ƣֵС°ˣعġ͸⿴˿Ƚǰ±ȽҪ
ͷ˼˵䣬˼Ӧ˼ų°ɫȹŮ߹ȥ
ſڵϵĹԼӶҪˡ
ԼԪ׺֮ĶԻܹȫĴֻǵҲ㹻Ĺ롣
ȻͲǵˣĹЩ̿֡
ʵĹ㲻ģֻȨ׺Ǹпˡ
ĸԺֵģְһЩ˭óõʥأȴֱӱ㵽ԺȥȻǰ;
ĹҷӺӴ˼ΣʫǲϴҴһ棬ÿǸʶƵİ
ĹģӴʸϣҲţͼסֻǹʶܹݡ
ԭĹı˭֪ȴ˱ʡ
Һ鱻ͱ˳ȥ˰չְ۳žҪˡ
ҲûʰǣǸЩʱҳ·ŮĶŲδȫҴҶףֻźá
Ĺ˵˸ŵС٣¾Զ뾩Ƿǵأ
˵ȲǰĽʳǽʺ񣬴ӲǣˣֻҪ͵ЩŮӶ಻ᱻʳŹԱͬоɣ޹ȥΪﳼ֮ŮܵĸѾǼõˡ
ȴġ
ҵŮ黭һòҲһһĺãҪųȥʱܻؾܵסƫƧ֮صĺࣿ
ĹĿٴ䵽ϣżûע⣬͵͵ܳſסĳܡ
룬ǸûʲôʶģֻҪԼ˵꣬ܳɵġ
û¶ģĹҲ£ֻҪֳЩȢҲҪȢ
䵭Ĺû⣬ſڵϣʹ˴գƻŪϺЩֲı
ĹԴģʱʲô˼ʲôģ˵ǸʮĹֻǰô⣿
ʶ˼ǰĹѾҧ¶ġ
㵱ң˹ҲеģֻҪܲ뿪⡣
뵽Ĺøί벻жΣֻԼԽݸ檸ԩ
˼ڣӣѪһĶɣĹﰡ֮ǰΣʫϸر߶Ʒ㶼𣿡
ЩãȻǵ治ǵãԪûɵĿ⿴ʱذڰ֣ʾס
˼ȴ㲻ͣؼʱ̶˿ڳԵëĹϹӵ˼Ҳ̧һȣλ˵ʮ㣬ûд󰭣һãĪҪ·
Ĺȴˮ˼ԹԵ˵ҼҪˣиĸҲˣԺǰ;δ̧ͷﶼſǻֻң檣ѾҲġ
˻һ˼üͷȻСͯûƼ˻ġ
ǱŵôסȻụ̂ӴŮӱͲ࣬׻ɩɩǶǼҲҪˣ˵ģ󲻹
Ĺⷬɣʵ۽硣
һһֱĬԪ΢΢ü˵˾䣺Ըʶ䣬֪ͳ
æȥһʵ֣ҡҸΣ
Ԫײûע⵽ѾԼ˳ƺֻܵĪҪ棬˰ߣͶԶͶԶ
æӦȥ
ĹڿҪץʱ򣬵ʱˡ
ոյˮģڼӲԣĹĺȦּ
Ϊ̬ȶҲ֪Լո˵Ļݣȥֻ»ᱻЦҲ£ʧ˷磬Щ㵱飡
ûסС˵˾䣺û˵ˣ͡
Ԫ׿һۣҲ⵹ùĺܣƫƫίģƽһӽȻͬŪԪǣϾЦΣĿбӡ
˼ǺµߵС˵ȥ죬ϡߡ
Ĺӵ˲ϵĳֻ۾ҿ˭ҡ
С˱Ͼӣ̫֣Щԥ
ʱҶС˹
ղŵ˵ΪһֱĹ˵ԻǰҲûķʲôҶ߹ʱһ䣬Ҳʹ˵˼
ĹҲڻҶļ䣬֮ǰʯϵĹ԰ǼĹģǸԼͶŮӡ
ʱҶ󣬲̫ϲͶԼɡ
Ҷ֪ɺ֮ԵȻ֦֮ڡ
ѰС˲ζȻ˵£ԼˣԼػ߽ǰ󿪿ڵСأȥæ
СӦһקקӾ˹ȥ
СͲǵѿƵСëѾͷᣬӳϳԵúã񻲻٣Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ĴҪѾߣھߣŤסĹ
ĹҲϳҶԵЩңСץסֵʱĹˮѲֻܶҶſңſ
Ҷû˵öԲ˶˵ʲôСص˵۾ҪǸոԼߣק㣿
Ĺû뵽һѾ߻Լʱټʵǽ֮볣ȫͬŪĹЩֲ
òѧҲã檶⣬ֻҪ˭ܲģ
ģҪɩɩһԼŤߣǸʲôΪʲô˺ͱ˲һ
ĹһһߴҸԼǰ̣ʲô
ҶڿС˲˫Զ۾Щ󲻽⣬ʵǰ̣ΪҪɵĳʲôʲôûΪһҪͬһ𣿡
Ĺ
⻰ʵ˵ϣҲĹ벻ôػֻܽСأϡ
ҶЩڽûӣϻʺҲöˣԵЩ׽⡣
ʱͻȻ߸ӣӿץסĹֽţס죬ֱ˵ϣ
ͻȻıҶһʶҪˣ㿴иЦŴǰҶˣϸϵġ˵ţӸҶ˿ϸӡ
Ҷգգۣʵ˭ģ
˵Ļū΢٣ַЩ¶ﲻó棬ϣĪҪӲźá
˻һҶͷһ
ĻѾڻǰ·άҶȻԤ
ԭЦӯӯӻعͷûЦ⣬ߡ
̧һο첽СקĹãӽ˽ﳤȥ
һаҶſƼ̽ͷ
ɾЩҶģȻûжʣֻҶһ񣺡лɩɩȡ
Ҷ̰Ҫ˵ȴ뵽ոӵĻѻ˻ȥ
ϵԪҲͬҶ
пˣҶҲֻЦȹЩʱÿգԶٷͼӶء
ӦһЦݲá
ҶСػԼȥ
ȵ˼ңҶ˱˯˵ĺȥ᷿տǻԷ
սţƼǰŵϼŵͭԱ߰˲װŲӣɫ죬һŸ֡
ҶԭЩ£һͭЦ۾ﶼģ˵Сȥϴ֡
飬߹ȥҶݲյһʵ¿⣬Ҽǵ㰮ԣЩӡ
С˲һƫͷףü۴Цʵܳ𣿡
ߵǰͻ¿ȣҲǳԲ̳ģȥеϸЩ࣬ǺЩ໹ǿԵġ
ҶԵͷ۾ȴһֱͭºſ˳ĵͭ¯ͷտ
ȳԹҶոջͬ˵⽫ʮӸ㡣
ڼĢŽӣŤͷҶʵ棿
ǡ
һ˲лɡ
ҶЩ⣺˵Ǿ˻лѾǸܾĵȯˣΪָЩӣ
ĢŵҶǰ˵л񡣡
֮ǰ˵Ҫͽңʶ˶ʮһ·Щ뿪󲻾ã׾;׹ƾնʮӣ뵽йġ
ӲĻ£Ҳ˵ҶģֲֻᣬֻܵϺ⵷׺Ϻ衣
Ҷһŷֻ㵯ԵüۺЦ
Եĸʹ죬˵̹ѰĲǰҪ£ȴζ
ȳӣҶӣĺ߶ţȴҲҪͬһԶźãʱԼҲܳˡ
Ҷƽ֣֪ҶﻹǼǹҵģģƾŴı£ܴʤ顣
ҶЦŵҲ˵ġ
ֵ֮ǰҰĸӸ٣ôġ
˻һҶЩȵĿԼ๫
ЩΪ˺̶ϵרѵģÿֻӶٶȿ죬ɵ׼ǲ֪˼
óҶƽ֣ɱȿտ˵һ䰲οҪ̤ʵĶࡣ
Ҷɵסĸ첲̽ͷȥס
ƫƫͷҲҪ
ҶԹԵĴչȥһҲ£Цס˵ĲŲ֡
˴һ˻˵ˣҶ˰Ǳι࣬ź棬Ȱٺ˯Ѿҡ
ڴʱЩƣۣҶ˸Ƿ֪ʲôʱԷϼﶢýء
˲ԾҶļʵ˺£
ҶͰǰǳ־ͬϸϸ˵ˡ
꣬üͷ𣬼̶ɿֺܿ
Ҷԣʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷûвõģмǣİ˶ãĹǱӻˡ
Ҷǲ⣺ңǱȻػԼŮ᲻ỹҪͷظɣ
ᡣ˵նǣŻʵ²ʱԼЩ·޵ŮֻĹһǸʳɣĹԸ⵱檵ĻȻᴫȥʱŮǲüˣǲҵġ
Ҷû뵽һ㣬һ˵ŻȻ򣬵˵ͷ˵治ףÿ춼֪ʶ
Ȼһ˼΢΢ָ֧˵ü΢üëƽЦȻˣ๫ʲô
Ҷ£Ǻñӣŵţɻᣬ´Ҫͬ˵˵Ϊ˴ܴܲδζָˡ
ҶͷĿڣ˸ǷҲˣͻȻͳһ˵ϼҵôô죿
Ŀ죿ֻһֱ˶լԺƬ̶ûзɹ
ˣֻ»˼ɵȴ¶ĺãδòļƣֶΣԼɵܵиӵǰĸ
ҪҶ˵ʱһͷƼҶѾ˯ȥҲڶԣ§Ҷ۾ܿ˺硣
ȥƽ˳úܣһʢţӻʢԺ֡
Ҷȥ˲һ꣬Ҫʳ˲ζܰ㣬ܵҶϲ
һӻ価ʱѾ³
ҹҶոЪ£СؾͼҴҵܹŴӵ̣ţ˵·ˡ
лҪ˵Ҷƣÿ
⣺ÿ
ܳԣ
⣺ҲҪԣ
񱦣֪ԣֵܵ
⡿
񱦣
=w=
ϣС


190 
Ҷ, ȴûн, ׼Լ͵͵´
Ŵ, ûпҶĶʱ, û˯ŵɱ, ;ԼĶͷײ˸ʲô⧲֮±ֱص˴ϡ
С˲Ҳû뵽û˯ţֻ°һ, Ծſȥ, ʵʵѹԼ๫ϣʶԱһ, ֪ĵʲô
ˣ
һ, ҶΪײԴ, æĦ˫ָ˵, ʵǲǿĵˣ۲ۣ
ǷסŮ˵˳˳ĺ£ԼǴȥˡ
Ҷ˯ǰ, ڴϵˣ˯ʱַ˴ϣֻǸոձȥų˶
Ҷ˵ͱ, ʣŻӵ̨
С˲̽ͷȥȻƼǷĴ̱ڵϵ˲
ҶȥùһԵ¸ϣ𼱣ȴȥ⼸¶ȵЩĪҪ˺
ȻżҶҲǵͷѸٵĴ˴齺СȥױǰԼ٣ûϸѡΣĸù˵İ̶סͰˡ
ͷʱҶͿҲѾͣȥŻӵ
Ҷһ㶣๫㲻ȥġ
ǽӷźãŵױ￴Ҷü̫ͣˣȥ
С˲գգۣԭ¶Ҫһϻͷ̥ҪķЩʱ䣬ãӦúúϢ
ֻ˵ȥҶ͵Ժ˯ˣЦŵͷӦ¡
Ѿ׺ãСǽﲼ׵ͷΧʵʵէڳ׼˺ʵů¯ʱĸСˣŵУŻ϶ȥ
ҹ˲࣬·Ի̯ţЩ⽻һˮĳʳȺҲůӣ뵣Ҳ˹ȥǮһ룬Ľ̸֡
ڽ˻ۡڵʱΧһƬֻǵ
ҶɵÿЩȷôû
ʹҶ͹ڵصĵطǸŴ󻧣ѰҲЩģ㾲׵ͷ
ס˶ޱȾһĶĿ˼ҳ紵ݶǶ֪񳤹ӣɫĶüﰲЩȥţ֮ǰ˵˻ʺߵĵˣҲ³̵ģҵǺ¡
Ҷ˵˵ͷ
ʱͣ£ҶŵȲ˵˾䣺Щȥ˯ĪҪˡСص
ǰҶƼԱ߻мͣţװθ죬ʯϵĳܡ
ӳҲˣߣǿЩҶʹСشҴҽš
ʱڸڣʹȴⰲ
Ҷƽԭֻϻʺһ˱ãϻʺ뻪ĹϵǱѰҲⰮãǰǰŹĹ˱ʮ
Щϻʺ۵ģвٶǹˣ֮¼о飬һжŵɣֺûлҡ
һֱԷ⣬ҶԼЩʹ֮
ҶûóóȻȥϾȻоĶС˲βýȥҲﲻʲôæҡ
ƣͿŵʯϡ
ʯҲƼҶɡ
Ҷͷȥʯߡ
һй˲ʶҶɫЩԥȥʣԱ߱ϻʺźס˵˼ʲôǹһ㶣㵵ĵǴ˵еҶӣ
ûҶλҶӾ˻ʺﻹ˵ȯ飬ڹﶼˣ
ûھλӱѰھ˵ˣˣ⹬˲ɵö࿴ۡ
⻰ҶЩãȻĿȥʵǲ̫Լôͳ˴˵ˡ
ҲҶ˵ʲôµҶֻܶͭ첽뿪׼ȥˮ
ҶҲû˼ʯϵʵˣ
ʯЦЦҶֱİɣͷҽŮҲ˵̥˳ģ׼ʮ
Ҷ˿
Լ־࣬ԼޣǿԼǲ̫һǰҶҲֻƼϻʺӡ
ƫƫǴϾһûа׺ֻϻʺһʬ
ȻС˲֪Ӻã£ϴϻʺľӡ̫ңҶЩ
ʯҲڣ˴һҲܺùЩ
ʯԵõܶࡣ
ûкӣɵйģʯӣԵ˼Ҳи˲ӣĶҲеһЩŵ
Ѱ˼˵ǹŹǰһ⣬
ǻ㽿ˣڻ̥ʱоӹԱźָ㣬ʲôܳʲôܳԣÿҪЩʲô̥鶼רŶٳ֡
Ѱ˶øŹŮ󣬱ȲѰռҵĽǺãʵϳģȻϸӣ˶ˣΣҪСϺܶࡣ
ոЩ˲ţҽŮҲԵʮ򶨣ʯϱ֪βд¡
ʯϲûг԰οҶһǺûʱ򲻺˵˵ʲôֻҶȥ簲ЩȲźá
ʯֻҶԼ۾ʱʱĶҶԽԽº͡
֪ҶƷеģĴƣΪ˵ļк͵Եø⶯ˣܱ˼ǹϣǸůĵ顣
ʯϲɵţԼ֮ǰܶ£ƭ˴ΪһɩΪһ¼һϣΪһϸϸӲĴӳģȥҰݷá
Ƽ󣬺ضɫ
ҶŲŲøЩʯ΢̡
ҵʹʯϵǣܿͰԴ뷨ӵˣֻͬҶһĻ
ԭҶţͷһ̥ҪķѲٹ򣬿ǹ˲ʱﴫӤ׹ص
ҶʯϲԼͬվǰ˼й˴ŶƼǺЦ񣺡ˣʯˣˣޣĸӾ
ŮҶںҪĸӾ
ոյļɢҶ¶Цݣæʵܽȥƻ𣿡
⹬˹ū澳Ҫλ˵ģţλˡ
Ҷʯ߽ҡ
һȥŵѪζ
ȻϣǲȫεŲܿ¹˺ʶֻ̲źá
ҶʯϣûЩƹ磬ƼͷϰĨŸС޵Ļ󣬶¶Ц
ʯϣѰصŮȴԵ˷ܣ˲϶ׯˣֱӶڵϣ۾СޣﶼϲƣƯСһ
һǣϴƣ˵ҲССģòÿҪһ˵ͦоġ
ҶŻɻܣ
˵еᣬ۹ͷ˾Ͳˡ˵ʱĪľί۾Ʊ۾˯Сһɵ߶ͣԺҪǴײãҶȻŹ㡣
ҶԱЦȴҲ֪ܿ࣬ĸ첲
ʯǾȵôˣ
ͷ۾ȻСͣƽ֮ǰҺ֣кͽаͣŮ
ʯһϸϸĥһ£ͷ⡣
ѰĸŮȡЩԢġ
ЩǽЩҪôԢӽԼС
ⰲͣǰ˳ƽ
ʯϾû᲻ҶƽֵģΪĹҶƽֱɱУҶƽΪӦΣվҶƽ֡
̫ƽս£Ҷƽ佫Ҳܰ͡
Щʯ϶û˵ֻЦһҶͻ˵ŻȻ۾˯֮˾ŵ뿪ҡ
źȴû뿪ǱϢ˵ǻ˼
Ͼ˶ŮӣҹǰѾڣѾӽʱҹɫȥЩ㣬ڸס
ҶʯҲûоܾ⣬һȥ᷿ϢԼǵ˼ţûٶ˵ʲô˯ȥ
ʱ컹ûҶȴЩɲסŴ
ʯϼҲʵҪˣ
ЩĲ๫ҶǼǹģٷַӣӵʱҲһǽ֮סţֿҶЩ̤ʵ
ʯϿóҶ˼ҶٺƿţſڵѾߣ𣿡
ضλˣӻ˯ء
Ȼˣ˵ǡ
˵꣬ŵһǰһŴȥ
ھʱҶһתͷƼڼɽվŸˡ
С˲εǲģҹɫʣϳǱߵ١
ˣӳġ
׼ʯ˵һȴʯϵ֮ǰȥǩĸƽҲȥԸˡ
ҶһЦŵʱҺͬȥ΢٣ƺͲµˣ
ʯϵһЦŮҸ͵⨺ҶԵһûʣⲻѲ¡
ҶҲ֮ǰԼᵹ⨺ңֻġ
Ů˵ǰû˺Ҷ˵Щ棺ǻʲôԣӲɿڵġ
ʯЦŵⰡ
ҶһȻĵͷʯ˵
һŵС߶ǵүʱҲûɿڣֻ˵̾ʲôԣѰ˴вͬˡ
ʱߵ˴ǰ
Ҷ߳ȥʱƼԼͣԭ⿴
һƾ֪һֱûߣء
ҶĽŲ͵ضס˵ȥˡ
ʯҲǱƣ󣬱ԭίɵЦҶӵסȥɣ๫ǵȼˡ
⻰ʯ˵ȤģڴҶģ
˭֪Ҷֱӵͷţȥˣӳ·СЩ
ʯһ㶣ЦֻиֱʵʵȤ¡
Ҷ߳ȥŤͷʯϵҸƼ˵ֻµȻȥ԰ˡ
ʯϵЦ˻ȥ˵Լͬûʲô⻰ô˵
ԭҪŪҶ˭뵽ԼŪˡ
̧ͷҶѾ
ʯϱǣҲڵסЦ⣬Լ
ҶϳԺͷһ¾ſ˻־ȥĶ䣬߶߶ģ˵õ๫ؼȥ˯ôǵ鲡˿ô죿
󣬻΢΢ͷҶһƬͣ⳵ůĺܣҶģҾһȥҲ˯š
ҶΪ̹ˣæ֣תȥסʵôΪʲô˯ţ
΢΢ͷüףϰߺͽһˣƲ㣬¸ҽҲ˯ŵġ
Ҷ촽ʵ棿
Ȼģ׺ҴδֿӵʱҲҪȥԼ˯һˣߣţ˯ðЩ
⻰˵ʵڣҲʵ˵ֻдҶߵʱġ
Ҳ̤ʵ
ҶҧʹŬĹΪ˸ĸΪҶּ˼ӣУıԼӡ
ҪҶһƬıӻҲǰҶļУֻƼԼҽ̹
ҲϢת˻⣬ԭҶĹĵģȴЦֱľӣŴ๫á
ЦЦɿ۾һԣҸȥ⽣ζȲ˸ϵĳͷȺģЩӰɡ
أ
ҳԹˣǸģĪҪӡ
ỹãһ˵ҶЩǶ
ԼǸո۶ûע⵽ԵĶ⽾ͷڰϣҶȻһֱûƼ
ˣҲŵζС˲ξɿȥףȺ˿оȵĺܣ⽵ʱʹ˴Щźڡ
ȷʵǱȲԼģС࣬ɶӶʱʲô㣬ֻǼ򵥵СҶԵÿģʱһ¶ǡ
˲ǣҶףߡ
ǰַıģԱ𣿡
ҶͷЦˣůĺܣҪ˵ȴҶ㻹ûҵĻҲԩ

Ժ˭˵ԼӼԲ˭
һһ룬Ҷְ䣬Сʵ𣿡
û˵۲ۣϾҶӲʹֻƫƫͷ￴أ
ҶЩ죬룬̽ȥĶߴ˴
չ񱦵ķʽչʱ·ӣˤ۲۶޵ģֻǴδζܹҶСȣҶ׺ʹʹɷɡ
ö֮Ҷ;ôõġ
С˲ξֵǣѰ΢һܰһ˵ĶȴԽԽ졣
Ҷֵʱ˸
󣬾ߵˣȻȻ˯ˡ
ҶԱЦŵҲĿ죬ͷӳһ˯ųġ
͸оԼֽ˽ૣãҲ˯Ҳ
ҶЩ̫⻰ʲô˼Ҳûͣ˾ôӵŻ˼ҡ
ȽźڴʱҶΪʲôԼ
ԭҪЩ¶ˡ
ҶҲţ΢һ±ˣ־ק˴ʵĴӣСڽеҲס챻ů
ĸƽϢҲܿĴ˹ۺϲ˽ϢȥҶƽ֡
Ѱ⣬רȥ˵⶯ҡġ
ϲ£һֱ˵ŻҶƽĸӾȻҪ֪
ɾڳʱϲɳȥʱûǣб߹İ˰Ӽ빬ʥϣҶǧƵпܣսݣ
лҪ˵񱦣׺
ۡӣҲҴ
ҶҲ񱦴Ѿ㴵̫

Сڣ
ʣ


191 
ҶƽִʤϢ, ܿʹ龩ǡ
ΪǽݱʶŵϣӽǺżӼݱһ߷ɳһߴţ߹ؽݱ, ߹ؽݱ
һ·Ͼ˲˼ҵ껧, ϢȻܿʹ￪
Ҷ˵Ժ, , ոռİ˻ȥЩ˷ܵؿǲ˵ʤˣ
Цŵͷǡ
Ǵˣ
ǻҪһӡӼŵҶ˵ǽ˷, ʵЩͽϮŰյп, αװɷˣЩй̽ӲС
ҶŰ, ԱЩʵ֮ǰҿͼ, ͷЩСС, ô£
͵ҳǿ, ǿ׳, ȴӲЩ֮٣ԴҲֻ̫ʵܻЩ˴, Ϊҳƿ, ϮѾǳ£ˡ
Ҫ̶ӣڱ߹ظ˼ҵ̣Ҳ˵ֹȥ, Ǳߵ˽⡣
˵ֻһǽȴ硣
棬ո㣬ϲ֣̼УȻһɷپ
ڳ⣬ȴǻͣĽ׶ΣСǾ޶˵չҵˣԴ⡣
һеҲݣɷϮƵű߹شҽ鲻
ȵӺϲս£֮ǰҶƽָһ̻ǻԹ֮ڷӮ֮ҲûжٺôԷһȵ۾ͷŹǡ
µ۵ǻǸϲֻ鷨ġʵۣҪʼʩһԳʵƢ
ǵ뷨ҲܲµһЩҹŵĲ´Ьģһܣ˾ˣͶǰľ飬˵Щûʹ飬ܱŹġ
ҪӮǾʸǮأһ
ǳʰûԥֱӰҶƽֺ;ֱȥ˷ˣĻػ֪λʵۻ׹׼Щס
ˣֻǽ˷˺ڳ򾫱
ǳʴҪЩС֪Ҫ򣬻ҪǣǳԣҶƽֳȥʾ
뵽Щ˻ǲνǺ
Ҫ֪˷Ǵ˵ģȻʵ£ȴ˽˵ĶǼҹ֮£˾ǸϳϱƢԡ
Щ˵ĹͷˣǽǮȨƶпѹһЩ˼ɳʾ֮ҪʲôʲôĹͷܱ˭Ӳ
˭ҷιԣ͸ִã֮ǰû
οԴĻĵпܣûŹĵ
ֻһʤԶԶó㣬ȥҶƽǻҪæһӡ
ֻЩµҲײ˵ȥֻܶԼӻ̲Ѱ£νݱֻ֮´绹ҪսգҪҪЩʱġ
ЩʵҶƽֶ˵һֱûиҶ͸ڷ磬ԼӸŵ¡
ˣȻʤҲͲٵҶƽֵİΣŻЩ߸Ҷ֪
ȻҶһ๫㶮ࡱĸ̾ûԵĵǣģɫƽָ˸ӡ
󣬾ͿҶ˸󵰣Ƥĵŵ
Լ¶ĴˣҲҶ˵ʲôԼԵ
ʵɲ̫ϲ԰󵰣ÿйܹ֮񣬵ڶԼӶָһڳԵĻԼ˵ģҲֻյȫա
꣬Ҷְһ
ƣĬĬسԵˡ
ȳ԰緹Ҷȥ˻ϡ
Ȼ֪ҶƽʱҶҪȥ㻪ΪԼɩɩΪҶ뻪ãܼǹŻСͣȥ̤ʵ
ǳӳع˵̵¡
֮ǰҲʴԭҪƳ¾ƵһֱţӿҲӦҾ̺ôҲҪٳֲźá
죬عµ鷿߸˸ӡ
˱ʣƱ˳տʯͷģ
Ȼһװ磬ͷ߸ϴŲŰ㲻ŮǸСӡ
ĻҲƽԺʱֵү̸̸⡣
˻һü⡣
̸˲٣⾩Ҫҷһֻ¾ܴͷŵȥ߰ĺͯ˵ҪԼ̸ģͷһ
ûΪ׾ƲϣȻعܴ˵еһ
վ̧̧֣ɫƽ
ʵ߽ҿʼ֮ǰΪʯͷΪңʹǳģҲЩ
Ǿˮ𻹾̵ĶˣҴ¿ŵʱʼͺҰһ
Ҳ֪жྫֻͬ˵ýš
̬ǰɻǺӣð࣬һϡ
ع±һԾܿع¾ͷ˸Ȥ¡
Ѱ鷿ĶǴˣҲûר׼ǵģʶӶ˵ԸЩ
ȥ󣬽Ÿأȥģһ飬ع²Ծľǡ
ܿЦ⣬ָģº͵үһҪճܲá
˵ͷͿ˸ӡ
Ķ֣£Ҳ࣬ӷŵʱᣬڴ򿪸ʱϻԼЦ⣬ȻǼϲġ
ֻɨһۣûжע飬˵ͷƼ˾ںĴƿ
ƿǼΪ۵ɫ˵ĺɫ·ǶĿƿӱϸڣźÿɫԼЩͨ͸С
ɵֽƿƣЩȣô
عȻϵ˽࣬ǹڴȴһ֪㿴һԵ
ƽʱۣոǿų˵Ȼܿһ˿ţһ˵Ͼ¶ЦݣȻǼģҲࣺǱ̥ɣֽеǴɣɴԹ͸ҲѣƿתתæүһЩƿӲġ
˻һع¾һ̾
ȻѾǼΪɫСǵᣬ˵Ƿȱ
˵ҺĬҪרоģûգÿζĸǮˣûǷ
ŵֱ̥ɣҲѵãܱװƣһ
ⱡ̥ɳƯȴ飬΢ͻ
ȱ㣬̸⣬ȻҪտڲԲźãƫƫһͷͰ¶˵˳ȥһҪˣ̸ɣ
عǣû΢΢ǣ˵˾䣺ãá
ع벻ãǿ֪ƿӵϲҪˡ
ع̵үƿԹװƣȥʱŹ⻹ܿҺƿʱģǺÿ
عһۣ֪عѾҪˣи׬Ǯȴܱӣֻع˽ＱòУȻҪƿȥװ
ûлӦعµĻƿСĵķŻغתƿϲÿٸܹ𣿡
عһͼˣٸﹻ
ЩԥͷӦǿԵģҪǮһֱ߲ٳԼ⣬ٻ˽Щ
ܱ֤ÿһճĶģʧܺˤġ
̥գҪٸƷֻҪռԼҴҤ
ЩΪѣ֮ǰļ۸ҪһҶԼж̫ܾЩãһʱҲ֪Ρ
ʱ򣬾ÿƿʮӣɺã
˻һʱסعҲɴ۾
ʮӱʮͭǮɲСĿڸ˼㲻ʲôǶѰռ˵һӵĶࡣ
ԭֻҪһƿһǮģӲʮʵֱڱеĸо
Ҳ˲˵̧ˣ̵ͷƵĴӦ
лû˵꣺ʮӲǰ׸ϣЩ̥ɲдɫģҪճҪʫ⻭ⷽĹһȥģǮҽḶ
ȻӦѾе鿼Ǻˣʡ
ЦЦȥ˸ӽȥϸϸ´μʱ˵³̱ˡ
߳鷿ʱ鶼Щ㱣ȻûдÿҪǧ̶ﷴӦ
عȴû鷿˺һ񣬿ڵүЩ⡣
ƿϸ鿴ţԲû̧ۣʡ
عһ񣬵ⱡ̥˵ƣҲЩǼȲǹŶҲǾ޽УһʮӣδЩ̫Щһֻƿ󡣡
û̻ش𣬶ǰƿӷŵϣָָʵƿӺÿ𣿡
عµͷÿ
ʮһҪҪ
عҡͷ̥ϡȴǲֵʮġ
Ҳ⣬ŵװϽ׾أ
ع㣬ҡҡͷǲֵ
Ҫ滭ͼÿֻ٣һƿʮҪŲܲ飬ÿÿֻƿ㻹ҪҪ
عŵһӦԼҶүˣôһСƿƣʮѵװǽڵĽ
Ǻܿع¾ͷӦ۾ƿӿ˿ЩȻ
㷴Ӧ֪عһ͸⣬ϾиĹʡܶ鷳ǵƿӺ;Ʋˣֵ̫ǮǺһټЩͷе
ع̸ϵƿĸֵֵûС
⾩ȱıǸ˼ң׾ʵѾǺܸ߼Ǯˣطһȥһ̳Ͳ⾩ҾõĴǽ׾ơ
׾ıҺƺúȺܶҲá
Ǿ·Ӽ۸Ҫ
ҪӼ۸Ķˣһֻƿع¼뵽Щ˻ˡ
ЩˣϲľǱ˶ûС
ⶫҪӦ
еƣع¿͸ⲻͬ¶˵˺;ú⣬ץסЩȨ˼ҵˣ뵽ôãһֱȵôʵƿӲſʼȷʵ
عС̱ž죬һ뵽ҪеϾ˷ܵκ졣
ʱع²ʣүƽʲô֣
룬Ȼͬ׾췽ƣнɡ
һ͹
Ըع±߸˵ȥ׼ˣٶȺҴĬֻõĹȥһȵͷʮƿӳع¾ͼҪóȥ
ȴʮһȫúľͷĺװϣͷҪˡ
عһ⻰ЩۣĵģЩһСƽ׵Ҫ;šûŵۡ
عҲ֪ԼҶүӲǸϲƵˣôȻԼɣҲʣֻү͸ˣ
գ͵ϣ͸ֶӵٴȥǳͬ⣬Ҳһ
عһ֪׼ͬһŽ⣬ⴿڸ뵽ǱҶֳңЩϵҲ֣ع±㲻˵ʲôӦһˡ
պ󣬱Ҷ͵硣
ȻҶƽδ飬ڱ߹شʤϢھѾ˲֪ټϻûϲģҪύҲʶε֡
ﲻףصл׹ݣҲиԹƽϵΣ˶һЦ׺͵ģ
ҶǱ˭Щһֱڻߡ
ԼΪӺãûΪʲôëճӵĻȥһҲǰװ׾ģʩ֬۱ˡ
ûаѰͱȻˣǰͻСˣֻ˰Сһտ
μıҲΪ˰ͶǳŻҶơ
˶֪ҶƽԺҪõãξ佫ٿľս˷ǾҪȻֿȵ
Ȼ̫ϲʣ񲻽ҪΪԼǣҪΪӷǣʶԵøæµ
Ҷȷ֮󣬾˵ط£ͬߵʯϵӳ㣬ʲôأ
ʯԱϵĴƿҶ۾Ÿ̾ƺúȣȴˣƿҲÿƣֻǳ֮֡
ҶһƱǽҼҾģûʼ͸á
ʯԣתתϵƿӣܿ⡣
ˣܵֻ»ҪϯԹǶ֪Ƶ˺ͻȥʱҾܿͻ
Ǿ̵Ĳϣʯ룬Ҷɳ˸Դ
Ҷ֪ʯô࣬۾ʯһϣЩʵĺÿǴģ
ʯϵͷһƣûڣȺˡ
Ҷϵһֱľ㣬ģġ
Դϴ֪ʯϲľͿʼѧԼ̣˺һӲܵĳƷֵߵߵĹ͸ʯϡ
ʯû˵ʲôȴժ˼ֵǵ壬նľͷϣƬ̲
ҶԣҪ˵ʲôҴҶ
ЩУԭҪ̸˶տڲԣɫ˵һԣûǰա
ߣ˲˵ʲôֱӵղŹﴫϢ˵Ǳ߳¶˽ͷң͢Ҫɱȥѹ
Ҷû˵Щ˽⣬ֻŻʯüͷйϵ
ϾԱطҲ࣬Щ۵Ҫ飬ѰҲеģûĴλǵûż
ȴҡҡͷʯϵûϵǺйϵ
ʯһ㶣ʶʵʲô˼
ʯϵֽ˽ѹ˵ٷŽӧҪȥѹҡ
лҪ˵ع£Ҿʮһƿ̫
ʮһƿ
ع£ãҾÿԣǮǮǮ
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192 
ʯһ⻰ʶһ, ϵƿ۳žҪڵϡ
ҶۼֿĽס, һֻȵķסʯ, ۾ǿ˻ʵ棿
ɩҴϢ, ǲ©ġ˵, ʯĺ˳
ʵ, , Ȼôż˵ڡ
ɴ²ѰǶս, սȷȫȫӰĻҶƽֵ, Ȼ֪Ҫپܶ¡
ʯϵĹϵûаϻʺ֪, ȻҲôϢ
ʹϻʺֻ˵ӧ, û˵ʴûӦ, ǻŶǴӦˡ
żææʯϣµʱ, ѹ³ǽ˾ͻȥӳץʱ仹֮ǰһ档
Ѱ, ʯǰȵģʯֻö߶죬ⶼû, Լ˵ƽЩЩ촽ڷԴһƬհס
껪˵ĻʯϾվȥһ㡭
˵ͷȥɡ
źʯϵЩΪѣˣǼҵû
ʯһ㶣żҶһͬģ˹һʯϲûԼǰ
Ҷǽŵƿ̵ϣֱӵҵȥҶСصӳȥ߳򣬾죬ĪҪʱ
СӦһԭվҶ߰ҶеĵģԱϵĿӣ첽ߵʯߡ
ʯûж˵ʲôֻǸмĶʩһ˴Ҵ뿪
ߵһŵ֣ע⵽ʯй鲻֣ϱ򸾶ǰϵأŸոһֱҶͬʯ˵Żûйš
һûע⵽ȥֻʯ뿪ıӰ
֣æ˹뻪Ҷ񣬶֣ϲʵ£Ҹӳ뿪ˣǳ˺£
ûڣ֣ϵĹϵ㲻ö׽Щֱ˵㿴Ҷ
Ҷ֮ǰͰʯ򸾸ʯϴݹţȻ֪֣϶ʯϵĹУֱӵҪȥ̣ӳҪȥ
˻һ֣Ͼסˡ
ʵ֣϶ٺʯϵ鲢ȫȻ֪׶ھסʯʯϸϵۣǸΣҪԼã֣Ҳ͸һʯ϶йա
ûʱʱ̵̿ĶţʯЩ飬֣ϻġ
֣û뵽Ѿչһ
ԭֻǾǷ֮ûʲôͬϾϸŸʯڵĲƷƷҲУȴû뵽ʯеľǹٽײҲ̫ͻ١
뵽֣ϱٵ˼
ֻٱΪǰҪȥܾġ
Ǹĵˡ
Ҷס֣ϵֱۣӯǲϵˣ
֣ЦЦʶģǸͶ๫Ҳн๫Ϊ˶غʵ˵֣ϵ˶٣ʶؿ˻
ʱ˵жЩȻ
֣ľͿʼ̵棬һʼʯ͸ԵʱǾѾԼСãƫƫʯ˵غ񡭡ҲǣǸɵӣôǵʯϲ
ֻˡ
֣Ҳͷȴĥôʯ˵¶Լ๫ǰʯϵһڿڴﴧţ⵽нӽõ˶Ǳģֻ»Ҫһܡ
ֻҶγĵӳñˣӳϻۣ֪βܶԼá
ʱϵʯѾһ˸ոձԼӵǡ
֣Ϻͻܲµ飬ȻҲܲµ
֮ǰٵľʱһԼĺɰ˵ֵ̫ǮĶɾǻ˼ģһ˱ǽ˶
Ǵһ˼Ҫʯϳ׵ȴûȥʯףʱʯûж룬ֻʱ磬ҲȻ㡣
λߣǳǰĵˣЩԲҪʯŲԣ㲻Ǹ
Ϊ佫ֻܿž٣¾ΪŻҪȥѹҵġ
Щʯ϶ףԵŮ˸ˣʯϻףһ˸еӡ
ǷŵԼϣʯϾ;ֱûοЩĪĻ
Ŵӻȥٸϵ·̽ԶʯڳһԲԽԽŪ³ſٺ󣬵һ仰ǣǲҪȥˣ
ͻȻְһ
ΪҪȥʶһװϴɫļУȥӢˬ
ߣĽʵиӢ䡣
ڱʯôͷһʺ󣬸ոջӢ˲˲ŵĳ|ǹӻص˱ϣСŵʯǰЦŵˣҸջȥ԰ģͷɹúܡ
ĪҪͬ˵ЩĻ㻹ûشңʯȴһֻץסٵؼףͷȥѹңΪʲô
ٱǸֱƢʯǰǴԣԹԵĵͷشȥͣҲûʯףȢš
ʯһ⻰֪Լϲץؼ׵ֽ˽ָⶼЩף֪ģҴ粻Ǹع»ˣ㲻;ֻҪ⣬Ҳġ
ոջСĵһ⻰̧ͷһĶʯϵƲƵңҶҪȢ㣬ҲҪΪŬϽЩ
ʯһ㶣ʲô˼
Ҫú֯ԣѻ˵øжһЩǺܿپʶԼǸϴ֣˵ЩƣֱӵҪ˼ֻҺˣȢ㣬ģϲϲĶۣҲί
˻һʯϾ;ԼıЩᡣ
ʵʯһֱŲӦ٣ΪûȷʱԸóȻĸԼϣΪʯϾԼֱ꣬ʵǲ䡣
ʹǹϵʯҲЩ̸ܶ
ԭʯΪҲЩƣݣû뵽һֱȴ˶ƫŬҪʯ
˵ĺףһֱ֪ʯЩԷȱľͷģ˻Ůˣϲ˼ҵ֡
˶Դ֪ƽ˵ʯģ˼ȷҪԺܸʯ׬ھ˭˵ʯϵĻ
ʯϴǸǵˣˣʯٱԶЩţ˵Щ鰮Ȼ˰һеĻ̫̫ƽƽĳףʯҲ˵ʲô
ûôǰ֮еϰҲ˵ףһûڡ
̫ƽ̹ϲΪ֮Ŭ˸Ϊѵá
ʯ϶ƣţһֱΪԼġ
ոյĻɢ߰˰ˣ΢ᣬʯϵȦʱˡ
ӿɰŻˣߴ׳ĺ޴룬Ҫȴ˵ʲôĻҪһð˼ˣֻ΢΢ȣƵԼʯƽӣЩСģˣ
ʯϲ֪ôشӣֱֻ˲۾ԣˡ
̵ͷԲ𡣡
ʯϱŪһ٣ûؼһ£㶼֪ʲôʲôǸ
ȴֱܹ϶ҵĴҿףⶫӲϸۣҪ˵ţٰʯϵַŵԼֱϡ
ʯϱͲҪҲ᲻ãһۣţǣôȴûкղŻˡ
ٺ˵ʮ𼱣ʱԼҪǲЩǾҪбȥҳҪᡣ
Ҳ֪˵⻰ʯϸɵͷ֪ˣԺҶȻȺ˵
֤𣿡
ұ֤
ʯϵɫźÿЩһסٵָʾվĪҪˣۡ
ٸоĵЦˣӦһѸվֱӡ
ʯǰͷҲʱ䣬ЩȥҪǵעⰲȫԼ
ʶصҲܱ֤ۡоʯϵĵӣٵȥ
ʯֻżϣǴ󲿷ʱǴˡ
ҧҧʯ߬ٵ֣ǴＷƵģ٣ǸҶȻѰ˼ˣƬ̶󡣡
һͼˣҿ϶úûûôΣյģģһ޸ңɱ޸ˡ
ʯϿ˿ͻȻͷá
ЦЦЦž;ԾŲ΢٣һסʯϣЩİͣ㣬Ӧң
ʯǺ˶䣬ȴЦⶼûУֻޣûУ
Լڳ棬ϵڱҵЩز۾ãȻֻǱܵĵͷˡ
ʯǰƿ˼ȻˣȥɣҵȢҡ
ٻعϵЦֹֹסɵģֻȥСȡˡȻʯʩһ񣬴ŵӱʯһ£ʯϷӦ֮ǰɿų|ǹ󲽳ţͷҲص뿪
ʯȹСŵſȥſž͵ᣬϻЦģ
ֿЦģŪҲ֪˵ʲôֻܵˣ˴ȥȻƽ¡
ʯϵͷĨȥ飬ҲЦݣ߰ɡ
æʣǻع԰ȥϣ
ʯһƽһ󵭵ȥҸҪͬ˵
ʯϺʯ˵ʲô飬öⲢûе˵֪ҶҲֻ˵ʯźü춼ûЦģϳǰȻĺˡ
ǲ֪ǲǱˡ
뾩ʯϵûʲôѹģҳ׽Ҳû֪ٹϵģʯϻй԰ҪæҲƲʯʲôͬ
Դ뾩ʯϾͲʱȥΪ˶佫ҹϵܣ˲ٹͬԣǰ׽ܶࡣ
ҶҲͬǾһۣʯ˸ġ
ҲģȻȲûǸϻۣѧ˵ҲǺܿģֻĴһʱⶺȤ
µСǺʱ򣬼Ѿˮݷïʱ򣬼˳̤Ҳ£һҲܼЩʯ϶һĵģǶһζм顣
ȥĶˣЩ
һֱһģΪӲˬǰŶѣһĴ󲿷ʱ䶼ǺҶһ
żС˲ζŻ;ԼʵĽ
ֻЩ˼ɲ˵ڣҲԤҶѣֻڵ˿еʱϲҶһ
ϣҶû䣬һ߸üһ߻ûаţ
ҶԹ԰ͷصǰĵãͬӳȥĵÿĶ꣬ҲͲȥˡ
һߣãȥ԰תת
ҶЦЦŴŴĻصá
ֻȥ԰߶ҪСβ͵ģʯͷҪ飬СȴɵĺܣƼžҪţر⣬ֱӱסҶСȣ۰Ͱ͵Ķƣ˭˵ء
ԭ˳αؼһ֣ȵͤҶǰСȥݴ˺׷СڣĲֺ
Ҷ°ƣЦŵСȷʵǻóҴܶ࣬Ѿܺͺ浽һˡ
Ҳ˿ȻһֱϲԼӰõĺɫȴҲòϣСȷʵǱһļĴϻۣܶ÷ִ硣
ķͱȴ׷ϵٶȣȥרŶ㿪ʯͷ̨׵ĵطȻǶء
ϻ۵ĹҲʱЪҸӰ˼
ȣѶ˱СӶɹɹ̫óɹöⷢ
ʱоʱҶ˰ӱ÷Ժ˷磬ŲǲҶЦŵ
ͬ
ŤͷСصȥ̸ɡ
СӦһȥС
ʱһ̸
̸ǺǴСͳԵģ䳤̸Ҳͬ
СʱԵĸ࣬žͻˣȫòݣûȫҲܳԵġ
ǴЩ̸ЩпڸС
֣СӶϲԵġ
֣һһ룬Լһ飬̻ȥһ顣
ԹԵϣ۾ҶſСҶι
Сǿ¶˸Ц
˵ⲻǰѧȴܻͬദҲǼġ
֮Բ˵ʯͷ۵Ľ
ں͵һʱҲĥһЩ˵ĲͬȻ֪ﶼҲϲףҶȻ۳ȴ֣ڳԺͷһ㶼
ҽҩС˲οͷһλģԶ٣ʲôҪźá
ܸͺϲι
һԿ̸ȴԾҡҡͷԼû̫ᣬֲС
ȻҶֻСӳһ̸⣬Ҷֱһιǵģǿʵʵڵİ
ȴѰ̸ֳ飬ҪһŸһ顣
ǸĶˣʵҲû١
񱦲ɵõñ
⻰˵ĺᣬҶûֻԱߵˡ
Ťͷ˿񱦣û˵ֻཱུܰСӣҪһ˵ûԼҴ硣
ɾʱֵԺһҪౣãóԿף
̧ô۾񱦣Ļصġ˵꣬񱦵С£Ӵ˴
û񱦲֪ԼҵܹܵӵʵǿɰúܣֹסϲЦְ˸ܵܵܵܡĺͣ
Ҷǹϵ׽ҲɵЦ޵ĶͷϷֱһ£Ƽ⿴ҶҲȥס
ԼŪС￩ЦŶ㣬ȴҶš
ԹҲֹˣ͵˼˯ʱ
ĪӴ˰ӴȥϢͤʱ٣źҲɫ˵Զ
סҶָ⣬ţлԼ˵˵强ˡ
ҶоսתͷЦЦչȥԼ๫ϲ˲䡣
΢΢һЦסҶ׼һס
ɾʱȴнŲ
Ҷһ㣬־ȫȻûЦ⣬ŤͷȥͷӹŪ˽Ų
˿һ·Сܽͤӣֵӣǰء
΢΢üˣֻѰˣӲֱӰ˷Žġ
̧ͷ˿ǻʡӣ˵Ҫͬ
лҪ˵Сڣ
ʣôóԣߵȣܼ
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193 
ܱӵģֻʶһ, ͷһλ
Щ, ҶҲ, קֱ˾䣺ôˣϻʺҹϵ, Ҳûרų, ǳʵ, ܾ͸ЩԾ
Ҷֱ, £֮ǰܳͬɺȲ, ¶ģʲôԡ
ҶҲе, 㲻ٶʣɿ
뿪Сر첽, ȸҶŷ, , Ҫˣ
Ҷվקקϵϸ΢, Цŵ£ߣȥҩĻȥ, Ӹвٿ˵ģ迪úõĸȥ
СӦһȵݸһԵ, תֽɡҶ⣬㳯ҩĻȥ
ȻոհҶҲЩûס
ʳ٣ȥСԺٲȻǲ̾ɴûġ
ܲƽ޹ʵԼתһȦǰһ·϶ĥųĿʲôֻµźӦԣת˺ü䣬ȿʵʱϱû̫顣
Ķ˱Դ
ǰкӹ֮ǰǰһǵƲȥһݣЩ
һ㶣ѹүع˵ǰǵõǼģײóȥ»ˡ
ⲻعºҲɣ⾩ȨƵ˶࣬ҲͶࡣ
ʹֻССĲҶһ̼֮ҵˣȴûãͻ˼Ǻޡ
˵ΪԵɼǺʵЩЦʵˣҲûа취ھǴףΪؼ۰ıѣΪȨԺ󴦴ҪСƳı
²ˣҲϸ֦ĩԹޡ
ʳָӵĶͷһ£λʲôƽʱʲôΪĲ֪
Ŷͷһ㶡
ŵúòдӦӦ֣òڲдԼȺõģǲ۾
֪ʻ֪£⾩֪һ
ʹ֮ǻܾգҲûʲôõˡ
Ҳ֪Լ˵˴ͷðԴͷ
ҲûзʲôֻǵԺţΪߣ̹ǱǴǶԴУǶҵù΢٣ôıôǾҪԼķִΰˡ
ֵͷţԼǰξͺܺˡ
ںΡԼүܴӿ׻ϵľ绹úԶɡ
Сȥ裬ǰ
ʶʣʲôģƼҲѰռϺĻֻ֣ܹ֪̿¼ݵ
ˣޱ㲻Ҫô񡣡Ц̧̧֣ʾ¡
ڳҶӣȻŵĮЩɴǰѼҹ·УΪ̼ȴӲΪ֮£̶֮»飬ڳбͬ쳾ʿΪƲ
һӡһͺѸı䣬ҲóԽԽ˳ۡ
Ҳͬ˳ʶ档
ҲûжȦӣֱӵ޽Ϊ˼¶
̧ۿ˿˵Ŀɵ£
ЦŵͷǣϼҶɸ⣬֮ǰר빬ҵ˻ʺ˵£ޱʺʱܶ
ɫ䣬ȴЩпֻԼӴ˵׾ȻҪͶһˡ
Ҳϻʺ˼ϻʺϻʺãƵҲǼ¡
û֮ǰൣǣֻܻ֮ǰͬ˵ϸϲĲѧƷԣǿأ˵Ǳ±ýϲ⣬׼Ƹŵʲôʱµּ뾩ϰ׼ȢӦ֮
˵꣬˷ֻ۾ɨ۳ʣȻüЦ
ʵ¼ȻѾĬҶϲҲû޵ģּһ£ҲҪοⱾҸʣ᲻Ըأ
ǳʾҪл
ΰճ÷ƣжıԣԲûиı䣬ȻǸƵˡ
ܷǷǣʶԳ¶鶼С
϶ĺˣ˼ҲûôﻰĸжȻˡ
Ҳ֪ʵƢ˵ôһ
ҶЦǳĥŵôҶд뾩
˷ʶյһڣ֪ϺõǰǰժĲҶʱҶΪϸۣڻظʣһ֪ǲƷ
ȻȲùйƷҲǼڵġ
ʺȵĺò࣬ɲҶȵľǸʣǰúȣȻڳʿҲϡ̾˾䣺Ǻò裬ʵʡ
ƽͣǱϲ˰һЩ߱ǡ
óЩ棺Ӧòġ
ȵľ仰ɫųʵϷ˲԰ĲҶˮ·ȻЩػҲ֮ǰҸ罨ʯľģˮ·˵ġ
֪·֮£ϲɵЦô˸ȷʵǸƵġ
ʸעˮ·˵˲Ԥˮ֣ؿˣƺôиࡣ
˵ͷǣܶཨۿڣ˻ǣ뺣ںǱʲôģڻû֪
£ô˻
Ȼڳ͢ţҲ٣͵ĶԱˮ·˻Ĳ٣Ϊֻʱʶ½·ԸЩ
˵㣬õĴֻѸ٣ǼӴ˽Ȼĺ¡
͢Ӹ棬ҪıùټҶ̡
ܼӴ˽裬ǶԳ͢Ƕ԰նǼõ顣
кǱߡ
Խ۾Խʱǿ˸һ㣺ɰɣ볯Ϊ٣жá
Цŵӵסо֮вܻóЩ
ʲһ̾Ҳǿ󣬱㲻ᣬ²˵֮¡
һԵȴǶԼҶү˺üۣ۾Ի󣬺Ȼ
ԭӲ̫ΪʲôҪר裬ˣһʼʹҪҳ˵ˮ·˻֮¡
ȻÿολӶҪջԼҶү߿աǳıõ
ֶյһں̵һԣת˵𣺡ҶϽҪϼһĸҪǡ
ӦһѲյ̵һԣصӶ˵˺ӣˮ·ȻǿЩҵҪסҼɵԺԼסɣסδԵӵ
ЦŵǲԺ𣿡
һ֪ԼԺתʱ򱻳֪ˣػԼҵܵܣûʲôˣƽصñ¼ЦˣԺҲȷʵСЩԺ󡭡
˵һ٣һ׮顣
ȻҪףȢ˼ҹôլԺҪðġ
סԺҲ˭ģ˵ǸСҲû취£ѰԼһ˴պϾʹպˣҪӭȢϼҹǸŴ󻧳ĹֻԺû˼Ӵ󣬼Ȼǳף㲻Ҫʲô˼飬˼ҸųԿܹ鲻ʡ
ٺ»Ȼð첻լۡġ
ţҪȻԼ͸ܣ
⾩ԼӣҪֳɵլԺɲס
ƺ˼լԺͲǲٳˣɺԪһ޳˸⣬ޱһլӣʱʮ̵ķҲύ
һлȴǳ˳
ʴò٣ǸԵ޹ʹͶƢ
赭д˵˾⣬ǲ򵥡
漰Ҳûʣ˵˼仰󣬳ʾʹ뿪
ź󣬻ǰãһֱ趼˻û
һվţûҪߵ˼ɵЩġ
ʱлң
ҡͷȻֵͷүҲ̫ףΪʲôҪͻ֮¡
ˮ·ģıҡ
˵ףҪ⣬ҪӪôֻ⣬Ҫ²촬ӣмĴǮ֪ȥ˶١
ò׼Щ棬ȴƮƮͱ˳ʣ˵ʵ顣
ⲻǰѵֵǮ͸ң
վһ߳һߵ뵽Щ֮ǰĿû׿֪ڼиӶ׬˶Ǯ
ӵ˿佱ȴûβͣվã֪Ƣġ
佱ŵľô
ȻڷһתǣĿֻǼˣȴûġ
Ǻѧģ˵ǸߵСˣǽͽǰɫһԹԵͷү󡣡
ƽϸܱȽϳˮ·õ࣬±ȥʱɡ
Ӳɵûһ£˵ͷü
ôˣ
ԽԽ󣬳ǲ·ˣȻûԽԽȥĵ
ȴǰСˣỹãҲܲĲѰ
ҲҲ²⣬ֱӵĿ쳣ȻԵɵģ֮ǰдʹ˸ˮ·κƹ˵Ϊˮ𣬲ʱͻнٳ̴ķ֣ŸԭӪ
һ㶣ѸٷӦү˼ǣϡλʵΪ˸ۼѰӻ
˵ͷƽǰų͢ӣŸѰ̻׬ǮĻᣬҪõ͢ӣǲܵġ
ų̼֣͢ˮ·϶̼Ҵֻֻ͢˰ṩԵȴûиԤ͸һᣬܹɵյֻ͵̡
ˣˮͶңΪʲôԼҳԿŲܣҲ
ٶǳʶ
ǹܲܺҶͿмˡ
ҸɽҪǸһλܺùԿ
ӻȻʣҲЦݣԽԽû㡣
ȴûжٻϲģ飬ɫҲͳܶࡣ
طʱһţ񱦵ʲô˵
˻һͶס˽Ų
ûʲôµģԼҶЩɵ
жˣСղԼϲ飬ϲűһ
񱦴ǱȲߣҪſϰݡ
Ѱ񱦲öȥԼףɽգ̥û˯ѣŽϢôţʯͷȥԺҶ
С˲˵֣Ҳܱҽҩ֮飬ҶֻҪġ
ҽҩйصģΪδҸ
ЩͼġҲΪҸ
ҶӲ徭ֲҪЩҲûʲôȤ˵ҶܾԼҹԱȴҲ֪Ҫʲô
룬֮ǰͬʯһȥĵҶϱţǣ񱦸ױĵйصʫòã
ã
ԵĺӶ¼˱ʫģһʱͦСţĿġ
ûѿڶתӢԴŮмֱ۸
Ҷգգۣɵʵĵ
񱦿ҶŴŴӢ˵ľĵ
Ǻʲô˼
˵ǣĵϵŮÿ
ҶɵЦ񱦵񱦼Ů
Це̧Ҷû֪ٺÿŮÿ
ҶЦֹֹסֶնյ񱦣ĶͷʹףҲЦǲ˼ǵģҶﲻ
վŵһΡ
֪񱦶࣬Ҳ֪ϲҶû뵽ԼҴӾȻô
˭أɾԼ˵ֻġ
ʱҶЦź๫ûӦ񱦾̧
ҲҶæԼʹҶȥȵվڵϣСžžવܵǰһѱסСȣ飡

׽ס˵ӦǼҶҲԼƣ͸⡣
񱦣ϣ˿ֳԼҶֿ˿Ŵ۾Լ񱦣ɸп۾Ҷһǵʲô
֮衷
һЩȣǡ顷еһƪСʱ򣬶ʱҲңû뵽ԼҶѾ˴
Ȥ񱦱Щ˵һ䣬񱦼һ䣬ɺã
̵ͷЦӯӯģԵø⻶ϲ
͸飬ҶҲһţʱ򲻽˵£˵صĹ£ɬѶǷȤĬúܣҶҲϲġ
ôһ˵һʱʯͷѧûؼʱ񱦻ûء
Ѱʯͷȥǧܵĵط񱦣񱦸ϲǧܣÿʱ鱾棬˵ǧɵøһУϼÿ
ʯͷȴûǧҵ񱦡
Ťͷ˿ŵֽ񱦴ĵģԥһ£ʯͷߣȥҶ˵˵
Ӧһʯͷ
߹˳Ⱦ͵ԺͷʯͷȥſŵӲûֻȥ
ʯͷţҪں洫еʯ;
ʯͷͷƤһ飬ס˽Ų
Сؼ߹Цŵʯͷүүģ
ʯͷͷһֻͷָָͷ
ء
أ
԰
ʯͷһϾЩۡ
ѰΪ˶иץʯͷĹζץĺϣҲⲻ档
ʯͷû뵽ȻԴҲζûѧء
񱦳ͬ飬ʯͷȴҽȥֻֽܰСأ˾䣺ǵø񱦵ܵܡȻ뿪ˡ
Сػ㱼ǰֹּǲʲôʱˣֻҡҡͷ̵ֽϣŵĺţûŵͷһڡ
˵κȥյɤӣѾʼ۾ĬĬиոյ£Ҷʱ۾Цúܡ
ɵʵ￴ʲôأ
ҶǱߴ˴գסֱۣЦӯӯĵ๫๫ÿ
֪ΪҶ˵ôһ䣬ͷʵκÿ
Ҷ̫ʫʸ踳ԼҶͱʫֻŴֱӵ๫ǺÿһҲ롣
һ̣֪ԼŴ˭ˡ
ɵôչȥҶףҶɴ۾һ£ûעļ򣺡ʲô
ЦŰ°ͷŮ˵ľѣҳ𡣡
ҶЩ⣺ûԶôģ
ǵ͵һЦҾã۶𡣡
лҪ˵񱦣һĹԱ治ס۾
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ɽǱߺǱߣһȺ~ǻִǵƤ~
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1תӢԴŮмֱ۸Ԫ𡡶ĵ
2֮衷ԡ顷еġ顷


194 
⻰˵Ҷ΢, ϵЦȴֹֹס
Ѱʱ, ʹһͷͷ˵Щ强ˡ
Ϊ, ҶǺܹ˼񱦸ܵ, ûһգЩ룬һİŪϵĵģһιһļҲ͸ŵ
񱦱Ǹĺ, ֮衷˵˵̲, ۾Ĭͼˡ
ʱ, ƼԼҵֿһ, 񱦺ܹɵת˸׼ٰѸոյĬһ顣
ЩĶ˾Ͳ, С񱦺ܶʲôʱ˵, ʲôʱð
תʱҶƼˣֱƿԼ๫, תֽڻЦŵ񱦱ˣ
񱦹ɵЦͷˡ
Լһѵɫƽ, һһŴӵ˼أŪ𣿡
ͦСظŪˡ
ѰҶǰ, 񱦶ǹɿɰģӲǿʤ
ǰȴͬУԼҵѧʵˣ廹ѧʣ񱦵ҪΪף٣ŵ
ʹѾԼͷǵٵδ
ô񱦾ţԼѧҪȵһЩУ١
ÿʱ񱦾ͻ⡣
֪񱦵ıµģͷԼҶӵķϻۣ˶٣Ҷӡ
⻰ǿ񱦣ʵǿԼ
ƫƫҶЦеĵȻ๫ýֿ˿ԼҶӣСһףҲ츳
Դϣȱ˴Ӧñȱ˴Ŷԡ
ЦǺǵĿҶ۾תת˵ıȷá
⻰㿴˿񱦵Ϊ˵ӣʦ֮
ҡҡͷѾܺúܺãǵ˵ı˭ã˵ҾͶȻǸõġ
ʵ⣬Ҳٶ˵ʲôֻյȫա
񱦵ǵܵͺˡ
΢΢üû뵽ԼҶӻ뷨ʵΪҵ
̧ͷźŴ˵ʦʦ⡯ʹˣȻϣ£ͱķ
˻һЩȵĿԼҶӣҶҲͷ񱦡
С˲񱦻ǸСӣ˵˵֣ҲģԼ񱦼磬˵ҲҶʱûʲô
¸ո񱦸ԼʫƪѿڶҶȻСء
ڵ˵λʱҶԼҺӳ࣬ȻҶҲ֪ʲôõģ񱦵ĻĪʦǸõ顣
ܿ죬ҡҡͷָ߬ͷǲˡ
ոձԼҺӾ״ɵõôֲϲˣ
۷۵촽æҶʱ٣Ҫٽ̸ˣæ񱦲Ҫ
˻һû˸ղŵĳ죬ȻǸСһ
ɵõЦҶҲӵС
ʱСڷͷãӣĪ˵Сү͹ˡ
Ҷʱ䣬õʱˣŰǱ÷
ȴȿڵ񱦣ȥ͵ܵһòã
һֱϲҶȴĻɶ˵ʲô񱦾ͷſҶ֣վԼվϣСֶնŵ˸ŴţСص뿪
Ҷ֧֪鲻ʵ๫ǲлҪͬ˵
ͷȴû̿ڣ˰ڷ
ҶóԣҵСǻŻʳֻҪĺ˾ǮʶСͷĳﶼ
ĳҶǰĲˣиҶûġ
ſӣûȥУŤͷ
ɼ״Ҷʢ⺣ʼ˵ģׯǱߵЩ͸Щ
˵ʳģС˲μ٣ɽţҲڵߵģ⺣ͷĶټ۾ź档
ŵζ֮⿣⺣δõǼڵġѡС̲ΣȥɳȻΣüе죬㹽ľζˣﳢ
ֻһɫҶûʲôԵ뷨Ǿһ˵Ҷʳ
ƺÿγʶҶ˵һÿζ˵ϸˣҶܲͽ
ףһڸ㣬ˬ࣬ȴҪЩ
ֻһڣҶϲˡ
üЦҲ¶ЦݣСص˭ģ
СæصǷׯĴʦġ
Ҳ֣ϾԺ̲أϡͲ׵ãѰûƼᴦҲҲû˵ʲôֻܵͶȥׯֻǮˡ
ȻһһҲδЩˡ
С֪Ǹ˼ҴʦǮأӦһ첽ȥ
Ҷǳһ룬ûȥʢڶ룬ǿ๫֮ǰ˵ʲô˵ɡ
˿λͬ˵¡
Ҷͷȴûڣǵ˵
ͷһҪʵʱϼҹɵĻҪʼٳˡ
Ҷһֱģžֵֻܣ͵ﶼǰϱиҶϵģҶҲǹģԵ£ȻҪЩ
ĻҶ͵ͷҲˣ֮ǰͬ˵ƸѾ׼£ֻҪϴͻ飬̾͵Ҳ˵Ҫȸðլӡ
ſӵ΢΢һ٣ǵڶˣϸɴһլۡЩʱͻصϡ
ҶһЦǺ£ǼûЦģЩ⣺๫ú𣿡
Ҳֱӵ˵ϺòãֻҾլЩ֣õò̤ʵ
˵Ϊ⣬ҪլԺ
ʲô⣬᲻ǻЩʶû˵ҲʣֻǾլӲס
Ҷȴ֪ô飬ʲô˵ʲôҲһ̹֮ǰ๫˵ʵ۶ɺãǸԵܵܣܲơ
ϸ룬Լ⻰
Ѿᶨվ˳ԺȻǻһģǺǻҲҲá
һʽʱѾգºĻסϻʺȻҲ취ס
ǰ浲Ųڱ
뵽˼٣ǰ̣еðˡ
Ҷרעĳӣ̧ͷʲô㿴ָ˸ɳҲ벻ʣֻЦų
ˣȥҶ飬ǽҶһȸԼȣٸȣĥī
Ѱ˻ĥĥǸ¶ҶȴȤĸ𾢡
Ҳһ㣬ȻԼϲдǰ㣬Ź𻨵ζиոպȹһţζ̹
дŵʱʱԼӣȴҶʱ
ǰԼֳ룬һһдż飬þ©ûУһڶǰĽԴðһ˵Ĵʾ䣬ȴ־ʲôȲĺá
ԼǧãѰɼ
дź󣬱˴ּЩŵݸҶҿʲô¡
Ҷӹȥ׼ȥһƣȴǷסҶûֻţ΢һ¾ֿܷ
С˲ȴȻתӣϣ˸λã࿿ǰץֱۻסԼڻȥҶ۾һֱǶſġ
£ҶȴԵ˼ûС
Ҳûжʲôֻӵͬһš
Ҷרע֣ſţʲôʱܰд๫Ư
һ𣬾뵽Ҷڵųһŵ֣ɵǣдĺܺãĪǿ󡣡
Ҷƣ΢ģ๫ƭңˣԼ֪Լò֡
ȴеĻصϣ־˫ûдˡ
⻰˵ǿ䣬ҶЦܿ͸оԾ
˵дֺãЦأ
ҶҲĬԼдֲÿȴֱӣҧ˵ֱϡ
᲻þֻſһ¾ɿڡ
˭֪ȴͻȻŪС˲ʶֱۣرס˵Ĳ
Ǵᱧɫӣʲô©𣿡
ҶѾ֪ʱ߷ŵϵֽҡҡͷ
ͷ΢̣ǾͲˣҹЪϢɡ
Ҷ˼˿ԣ˱øЩЦеĵͷ
ͱҶҡ
ڼǰǾԱҶģҶǸԲֵӣѰŮӻЩʱһ¶пֽĵĪ˵Ǳˣ΢þƽ
ڲһˣӵĺãҶҲúãȻȻҪʱϸǱһҶǲġ
ҶһʼģԼ˼ûдΣҲˡ
߽Һ˭ûƼиСľ
Ǹոģͷ˵ϣҪ˵СľҲСѰƼҶƣǱŸ˿£˾Ͷûע⵽
ǣһߵСľϣһĲԾǰһ
òȵסˣеҶȴ˵Ļ˳
ǰͷǴ齣̵Ҳ㹻Ҷ̡ͷʱۣЩ¡
ƫƫҶԼ§Լ๫ľأǺòվȵɻûüȥҶͱҶקſ˴ϡ
һţһſţĿʱ˭û˵
Ҷ۾ˡ๫ȻҪϧɺԼһ£һ̣;һ
ţλõתǳԳֵҶһãȻڴϣϵҶʵôҲǡ
Ҷȴøղ۵Լ๫ֻøۡ
סȥףο£֪ģ๫ż

𶯣ǣǵø
һ£ʱ뵽˸棬һƬ
еĽͶԼ˻ȥֻܵͷӦ
ȻǺ£ûоܾɡ
ҹʮΨһɲǣΪʲôڶȻǾʮӸ
ԼӣĪǸ
ֹЩӣĲʼʱּ͸լԺڷϡ
⴦ԺԭǷûĵز֮ǰסǸƷԱʱ͸լԺҲʼ˻ȥ
˵͸ɣҪסȥҪɵġ
˵ɣʵĹֻǸԺĴˢǽˢǸոµլԺǣĻݲݣΰʣйư֮СҪ²á
Ǩ죬ҶҲȥˣ׼һ¡
ŰұǸ飬ҶûźֻżС˹ҶһլԺָȥüҾߡ
ȴŪ꣬ϸ֦ĩڵҶûȥܣǽѡźС˳档
ԭҪЩѾͷģ˵ɹûôིǰ˼źԺҲòѾߡ
ͷɳˣѡѾ߾ˡ⻰˵ƮƮе˼ҲֻԼס
Լɣ֮ǰĹﶼ棬Ӳˤſڣ˭֪δ᲻ỹҪֳԵ
㱻Ѿ鷿ã¾ЩǺ¡
ʱʱŵʱ򣬻ǰѿܵΣµĻɱȽϺá
ҶֻѡСˣִӼ˼ȥտҲܿˡ
ȫ̸Ҷߣɡ
ȻѾ¶٣ǶԲٳּȴһϲͨԼɩɩæмȻǲ˵һֻ֣ܵøҶСβͣҶʲô˵ʲôʮֹɡ
һͣˣпȥǰϢһ¡
һ£Ƽվһ֣µлл֮ǰԺӸҡ
˻һʶĿӡ
Ժ˽֪µ˲࣬ҶԲ˵Ǿֻӡ
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ˣԺӵλúãضҲãǺðġ
ȻԼҶ糣ǸÿǵĶǵ΢һһдֶĥ
ȻǼõˡ
һжû˵ֻܺȲ費ԡ
ʱ˼ӣˡ
һȥ鷿ҡҶǹ¡
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뿪
ߺˣ֮ǰ״ԪԪˡ
ҶЦŵϴɼǰҾͿǹһҲҪһҪ͸ˣϵǼõġ
˻һĬȻԡ
ʱעЩԼҪĸƾ٣ӷƣΨˡ
Ⲣһ͵ģȵڻУڲҪȷ
ȻգΨȻַһЩŴ󻧵棬ǲģҲԤʿ棬ЩǺ
ǣӵԪףֻǸںͷһеة࣬˵ǳʡ
⼸λǰͷͭǽڣ˭á
ңںӶ⾩һĸŴ󻧣Ȩ˼ҶհֻҪҷ˻ͳһ롣
ԭţԪվǰס˴󲿷гʵİʾţλ״ԪԼܵĹϵǳ
Ҷ˵Щ棺๫ʲôأ
ԣҶţ⽻ѵı£ɱı´ˡ
˸־δʵۣµͬžǺӶȨνһĵİ˼ةࡣ
Ѳ࣬ȴá
ҶȴģҪʣСŽš
˵
վֱӣ˼ŵӣղų˵ҶʤسפʮͤҪˡ
лҪ˵ҼãдһΪĥҵ־
ֻΪ˷
һǹ˼ҵ뷨ԲҪô˵ģ
Ŷ
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195 
ҶƽҪˡ
ȥǴ̵, , ¶ܿĴؾУоǴݣҲս¶ͨ¡
Ѱսֻȥ, ûʵ볼飬ȴˡ
ҶҶƽֵò٣Ҷƽֵڱ߹ʲôսΣҶȫȻ֪
⻹ҶԴϴα߹شݺͷһҶƽֵϢ֪ԼҴפʮͤ, 뾩Ǻܽˡ
ҶЦݣקקȥƴ𣿡
֪ҶǼΪҶƽֵ, Լǡ˭ãͶ˭áƢ, ҶɴӲҶȻҲʱ̰Ҷƽּǹ
˵ҶƽֹҪȥҲ
ȴرҶһ, ҲҪЩ, ֮˲ֻͬҪûлؾ, ûжŻʵۻ㱨սͻսϣײܼ, οʮͤפƱǻʵ⣬Ȼлӭ̣Ҫ׼鲻٣ǻǵһΪá
С˲ǸȰģ˵ļе˵ͷϵЦնղס
鷿ҲϢԪ׶һۣжЩϲɫ
ԺñǸƾܾ»񣬻ߵط
α߹س飬Ժͷһ֪ġ
ΪԺĳּԪףҶƽֵս¶ע֪ʤﶼ˿
ΪҶƽֻϲΪսƽԺ˵ҲǺ¡
˻õһˡ
Ԫ˼ȵģȻϲȴȻǵģϲ£һͬȥӭҶ
ЦŵͷȻǴʤ֮ǰҶԱµĳŵ߹ʮڲе顣
Ԫ׵˵ͷ΢̣ȥο
˵Щ⣺֣˵ЩСǣǿΪβȥΪǸܳð
Ԫԣȶյ˿ڣҳƳǲܣǲ롣
΢΢ֱӣŶ˻⣿
ǰԪǲ˽˵Щģͬţ˼ԪҲ˵䣺ǰʢʱڶ࣬Ƴɹɳ͢ȴҪóʮٱǮȥǣĲ㣬Ӷιġ㲻ҲòǷ档
Щ鱾Ƕģʹĺãúãǵ̼ͨũЩԶȴؿ
ԪײܹͬںӶ겻еĴȻ˲ͬĶҲͱ˲һ
˶׳ۣĸŴ󻧿ʷ֤ι죬ʵЩãȻʲôġ
Ԫֵ˵ЩΪӷգҪôһݲĵطкãǻַ죬ǰˡ
ͷԪ׵ĻȻˣӻǲٵģȻ߹ط鷳
Ԫ̧̧۾ţȻǲ٣¼䲢һԴСǣҪӡ
һ˵͢佫٣ļˣԺʲôܾ
ЩԪû˵̫ףȥõһ
Ѿһʢļڣ֦Ҳû˽޻䣬ֻдѿһвٵģҵһԪ׵θڡ
ѵƣЦŵҶɩɩģ˲٣ڱţʲôʱ˾ó죬ʵġ
ˣ֪ùƽıʳֻҪݳ޾
ԪȴǸ÷ӣȥҲҪԼѧǡ
ֵȻҪȥӭҶˣǲȥŵģ֣ҴϹһȥ߿ɺã
ɼã
Ԫ׶΢٣ʵɼǷССһģ࿴˳ۣΪŻͬΪԸ񰲾ɼȴ̫һײɢ
ʱɼЩԪҲú죬λͬʿǳһͬΡ
ĻԪױ㵭ͷãҷׯ棬
һ㶣̫ΪʲôҪԼڷׯ
ҲֻЦŵͷӦ
򸾻ڣԪͬ˵깫º뿪
Ҷͬһ˷ȥ˿ʲôҪõģ˼Żؼҡ
ڶһ磬Ҷȥ˻ϡ
ԭҪģΪةŰٹȥӭҶƽ֣ؽ̶ҵģʹʮҵҲвУʶȥϲ鿴
Ҷ˻ۡſŰ뿪
Ҷ񱦵СߣѾЩСȻϲõﱧҲŵʱѰ߶СһﻹԼߡ
ͬҶһʱ񱦺ģԼߣԼס
żʱһ߷һʵλ͵ܵ𣿡
ҶվסӣСָ͵ܵܵģ˾˽ջҲ˾ˡ
񱦸վȾ⻰̧۾Ҷľ˾𣿡
ҶЦŵͷ
ҶƽֶãɣǸþ˾ˣҶƽҲ˵Ҫѧ䣬¶һֱء
ʶСüͷҿ˿ûЦ۾Ҷͷߡ
С˲β֪ԼҶӸո̶̵ʱﶼʲôˣҶҲǣǣǰ
ţҶͿǰʯϣȥĻ
ҶƽǵʤǳʵǻλͷһεĴʤ̣ȻҪףһ
ʹûԳӭӣةٹӭѾǼߵҶƽֻҪȥл㱨սнзڹгԹ칦ܻؼҡ
ǹȻ֪Щ³̣ǵĵúܣⲽҶ񱦽ŶûƼ
ҶҲֻܴȥʯԱ£ʵʲô𣿡
ʯҡҡͷǲ⣺ʱˣʲôҲ˵
Լǵ˵ˣŤͷȶҶЦЦü⣬߹£˾䣺ɿƽڵδˣ
ҶոմӽϹЦҸƼͷ֣Ȼ˶ҲԶУǰͷǸŻĶȻǴ磬ʱǽˡ
˵ҲȤƺֻҪǿν֣ͺϲ˵ǰģͷҲҪϻ
Ҷƽ佫ҲǼһ׸Ӣ˲˺ӺžЩŤ
ֻǰϲı֣ЩɫҲ֣ͬʶҲҪġ
Ҷûʲôǻȴϲɫ
ʯϲɵðҶʦسӿҲӦ֣ϲ£Ҫ߸˲źá
촽Щȴûжǰ
νȻǺ£ǻմ͵ҫȻڲͬ
ǻ֪νзյġ
ҶƽΪ˷ֱ֮ǰһֱڳߣΪ˵¶гʳȻõǡ
Լ๫˾ʤ鳯ҫʱ򣬵ԽҫʱԽҪ˫۾ſţвͻʥ졣
رҶƽִ½ͶҪȥԼһ֣Ȼġ
ԽںһˣԽΪЩЩԽԽµģڱˡ
Щ黪ҲöʯϺҶ˵ǵԼǡ
ʱͷѾߵ£ˣ˵Ҫ¡
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и˽ţż˹񣬶£Ұظ¡˵ţһС
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ģΣȻɣһƾ֪ǷƷ
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Լɾһֱ壬ڵ˹ҲûƮ
°ϵЦҲͶˡ
ȥֱӰԼϵİ£ģʯϺҶÿ𣿡
ȻҫλѰҫʱɲ࣬Ǹ˹ӵСƵģҲĿɰǱĵͷʯϻЦеİӿ˺ü顣
˵ǿӣʵϾǿҶƽֶԻģȻøոջƲֵĻüЦ
󣬻ó˺ƣϢĿʯϣͰŷ˻ȥɫüۺЦƽֻжʱ򣬲Щ
ոһֱɵ̧ͷ뿴ܵܣ뿴ġ
ϲ񱦣ĻȻӦ˱ͳ
ʯЦ˵ģҽҲѽҵǸˣֻĴһɡ
ҲȤͷ
˻ֱŰ͹ŵĺʯϵıŷŵϣ񱦵۾תת
ֻĶģֻԴһЩʯϵС㣬ȴһûеȥǸ˵պͻļ߶ʯϽ̸Ļ
޷Ǿѧ࣬˽ʲôͻʲôǴƷˣƺܶûкƵģ˵Ҳ͸ⶺȤ
˶Ǻ˵ĺһǳһ㡣
ʯϽ̵ĶʫʣٲȻԺĹʶֻ˵秵ģȴһʲôѧǻ̵Ļ˵ģţһһģ˵ʱĪȤζ
ֻĵƺǽϾһһһ䣬㲻˵ҾڣҪҿҾͣ
񱦵СͶȥһ˫۾ģ鶯
ҶҲû뵽ֻܳܣǾȣֻʣЦˡ
˶Ȥ飬ʱÿ࣬ҶƽֽʱıһģεëСȣ
Ҷƽ֣
һ£Žţһ۾ƼԴվҫֻġ
ҶͷƼҶƽֺЦŵ磬ˡ
ڱŰЦеģһ㶣ͷ
ƼҶƽʱոջЦ̵ĻͻȻûһţֻ۾Ķϸϸƺȷǲû˲
Ҷƽֿ˻˼һæ߹ȥһˡ
վģŰģ죬Ҳֻ˵һˣͦá
ʯϢ˵һԣקקҶһߵԱţѵطҶƽڳ
Ҷƽַ򸾲ûпǵСֻܻ࿴ű˴ˣǧȴʲô˵
˾Ҷƽֵٹ⣬ҪٵģǴϲ
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Լ๫ȫȫӰĻ첲ȶڣǺá
Ҷƽֲ֪ڵԼ֫ȫ۾ԾŲ˻бŵСһ
ҶƽַҪȥСȴϲһֱͬһƱţʱȻŤֻ֣䶯ϣױź塣
һҶƽֿˡ
ҶŷӦԼӡ
Ҳǵˡ
ֱЦϵĺӵݹȥǰͣҶͣ㱧
һģҶƽȻ֪
ҶƽûôСޣ֮ǰʱСӶˣУ⺢ôСôûС۳أҶƽʵǲ֪ô졣
ԼӣģȻͿ˼ҵĺӴвͬ
ɣϴף⺢ƤȴһˮƵģһ۵ĻԼ
ҪǲҶƽֹסϲ׻֡
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Ҷƽ֪ԼǲԵģֻϸһ¾ͻ˻
СȻʶҶƽ֣˶˵һʶʲôģʵСͱŵˣһصͰꡣ
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ͷˡ
Ҷƽ̡һЦɡ
ŵƽ֣ҡ
Ȼ˵꣬Ȱͷ
ǸȤģѰҲ˵ĳ˸Դиͷܽϡ
ľĽӿڵƽ֣ˣˣ

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ҵĸոջвҪεͬëСȣڱһۣԼҪëΣС
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ߺҶƽֽйƣȴû˸ղŵЦʹǷݸһԵֱ֣Żʵٵ飬𣿡
ҡҡͷոպͷҶƽеĻ΢ü⣬Ҳˣ
ҶƽֳĬһͷҲǸյõϢֻ˵ǱҪϮȴһȥأͻսˡ˶٣㲻ͬʯ˵Ҳãһʱһʱ
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ðɣ֮ǰڴЩʲôԼҹǮƢⱲӶĲˡ
һԵŬıסЦ, קֱߵӡ
Ӵľ⼸鷿ﰲװõķ֡
֮ǰԭ¼լ, 鷿Ҳ˵طǰ˴˻ˮȲˬȴҲ֮ǰǼ鷿ǿ˲١
ԭǲȵģǰǺ, 춼ܱҶŵ, һηηȡ
ӿܶ࣬ȺˣҲ
ȻܳԺ֮, ҶҲʱ̶ţӷֻ뷨ӽʶҶר˹ķа˷֡
ڷݶϵһſȣ΢΢ЩӾͻҡΣȻȳ
ԭһ˱һקŷ֣ع½ͰĿ۵عϡ
عҪ˵£ӾͿүȥҺû
ǰڰ֣ƽóȥ
ˣֱͦרĵ˵
ع¶Դ˲⣬ֻЦŵƿ˳ȥ˸иҵУٸŹŮΪɽŶӣǵࡣ
Դ˲⣺ԭζ͵һЩڻظʣ̫Ůϲ˶٣ҪЩ⣬Ʋ
عӦһȻЦеģ˱ݸ
û̴ƣȷŵһԣعµ֮ǰ˵Ҫͻһͬ飬ûлظ
عԣɫ΢΢֮ǰ̸Ҷæʱܲٳ֣ʶ鳤ҪԹʡ֮ǰ˵أѾ³̣ȹճ˿к̶
ɵعһۣƺЩһʼع¸ⲻġ
˹ǲԣǱֵǮֻԽԽࡣ
˹ͬӪҪѵ˵湰ã䵽ͷȴҪĿű˿ߣعȻ⡣
Ǻʲôıعµ뷨
˻һع¾Ц⣺֮ǰҶԶҵ˼׽͸룬гڣ޺
¶Ҳġ
ϦˣļãеҪеҪˣû֮󣬳ֵҲ
ʹ̼֮һǾضȨ˼ңı˼ҼǺˣֻҲ˽ᡣ
˵죬ǵҾµ˾ͱ˲١
عȻǮȴҲǷǵ
гĳã˭ҪҪ¶ҪһԼûеӵﻪ
ΪԺЩǮƽ⻮㣬ͨ㣬عȻԸ⡣
˵ͨ͸ͷ۾һԵӡ
Ҳŵͷ˵ĻԺǻõõġ
йҶƽ֣ûж˵ʲôв²⣬²ȴܱ֪
Ե˻֪Ҷ뻪ϣԼҴҲǹУܴҶƽֲ֮ǰȥսƺҪȥԮ١
ֻʲûȥһλԴḻϽ
Ҷʱͷûʲô⣬ڶȴϡ
ҶƽѾ󽫾飬Ҹոմӱ߹ػʱ򣬿ȴҪȥսԮ뵽ֻΪ˽ƣѾ鷳
鷳ʲô⿴ҶƽֵĽžֻ֪С
ȴѡĬǶҶҲӲ˵һ䡣
Ϊֻд⵱棬Ϊʯ֮飬׽˶֪ģʯȥҹʯ˵ǵλʯ˺˺üգֻҪٹ˱ס
Ǳ߲˳Ѱ˲֪й˿϶
ҶƽǽʯǸֱѧʿǶ֪˶ѡ˶ʯĵ
̣ߵ۶ൣҲûã̸ܶǷݵģҲʡǣǰ֮˵˼
ϢֻҪסպ;ˣϸŸ˼ʯ˵ģгë
Ҳȥ˺޵飬ҲͲٶʲôֻ˲ᷭ
عһԣżڣ˵Ķйڽ¶
ϸϸ꣬ⱾĿַŵһԡ
عҪǣȴ׮飬Ҫϸ˵˵
Ѱô˵׬Ǯ⡣
ع۾һЦĶţͻ˵Сϴ
֣ɿһԵķСŹվһԣŵӵϵ⣬Ѿˣʹ͢׼¿ۿڣǻҪܳʱ䣬ţĿҲ÷ųԶЩ
عһ㶣в⡣
֮ǰԳ˵Ļ۾ֱĿ
ܿ˺·ɴȥԺˣɺã
·ǵΪֹûȥģѰ˶ڴ󺣵ľηǾηգʹ˺溣ǱʲôģѰڸԶĵط˸ȥ
ǻˣĻҪ˵쿪
ع²һ
ƶǸԣǷͬһǮӣֻҪ׬ع¾޵
һֱã˲ЩҲͦã뵨Ӵ
Ȼع²û𾪣΢΢ͷʼ˼ĿԣһܳɣȻǴͼҲвٷգǵĴûа취ܹںϳʱ亽еĴ
ǳ֧͢أ
ع۾һǴϲɫվãֵ֧͢Ļ¿У
΢̣ǾȵĿع£ƺû뵽λͬһĹȻô
ϸ룬ع»Ṧ֮ǰǰΪ˸عһʮڻ£ҲǺŪ˵İˡ
ͻȻĿع¸뿪׼ȥﱸ롣
ǿӣղ˵飬㶼ǡ
֪Ȼ˵ǣҶ˵ġ
ŵͷһԵĲյ˿ڣţζأ
ӻصʯˣӦ԰
ţ׼һȥ
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ԺӵĳҶ⣬ʯϱЦӯӯĿ׷źܡ
ɽڣʯԼҹ԰ϯֻϯҪȵ̫ʱŻῪʼ
죬ͷѰնٳţɵҲڰҹʱ䣬ˬЩźһ֡
ʯϽڱëǷýЩҶЦ˵ЩãǰµҲͣˣɢȥȻա
Ҷ²Ĳ̫⣬ɽڶû̫ģС˲εײѰŮǰйԵʱʱڼ޸ĻϣԵͶˡ
ɽڵķǺϲģҶָ֣űĻݣЩĻ˻Σʯʵɫ𣿡
ʯЦŵͷӣҪٵȵȲɫҪż
ȾָɽڵķףʲôʯҲ˵壬ֻȾָȤҶһˡ
⻹СЩŮҵ黹һֻ֪Ÿԡ
ԼָɫÿץžҪ
Ҷۼֿ˿̸ιǶ룬עҲܿͱһԱ̥ȥЦǺǵȥСȡ
Ǽϲģ׽˭ȷʵǱͬ亢Ӵ˲٣Ҳ۵ġ
ֻ⣬ҪʲôᷴԣȻĶӣҲֻǿһ̯ƽԼ֮֮
ʯϾȤڴЦ۾ϲ
ҶƵöˣ֪ԼԶŮƢҲǣֻȵıסⲻˣ۾Īӵȥ񱦽ЩϣܶĪҪɹˡ
ĪӦһ̨ȥͬ˵
СȻû׷ĸĪӽ˳ȣѰ⺢ӶģѾǺܴ˶һ¾Ϳʼ
ҶƵóúܿģҲЦӸ˲ָָŹϵӣǷžġ
ùһҧһڣҵģʽȥŶҶʵбŵĹ
Ҷ񱦵СĲܶԣȻҪӵġ
ӦһҲͲʣֻܽųԹϡ
һԵʯϾø⾪ȣСҶʵ⺢ӽã⽲һ˵͵ĺôʵס
ҶûԼ̹̫࣬Ҳֻ̰ܵ񱦴С飬˵ţ˵ĶԵ;öԣҶ񱦵񱦾أ
ŹϣȻһֱ˵ȴûʱ硣
ҶԼ㽫еøɸɾĹƤŵһԣŲ˲ͣŴĸӣΪҲȻ񱦣˵Ϊ񱦺ãȻҪ
ʯԣ־Ľ
ȻǼõģмôʱ˵ʫ
治֪ĽҶĽʴϻۺ·ˡ
ҶЦԼ޶ķʱʵѰʱ㶼ȥҷģôûȥ
ŵڶϣû¿ڣͷҲҶҪɹ飬˵ǽȲ顣
ɹ飿
Ҷ⣬һԵʯϽ͵ղϦڣǴ˵пǵգ˶ɹɹ飬ݿǣвٶ˶ȥۻˡ
һ⻰϶벻ԣֱŴʵ̣ݿʲô˼
ʯЦЦź˵ʱŻˣǱԼڿƾи״Ԫ
һԴ˷Ӧ
״Ԫ٣٣࣡
Ϊ׵Ŀû˳Թϵ˼ʯҶʯ˸񣬾Сȥҷţ׼һɹɹ飬ͷԼҲ״Ԫ
ĪӸæں滤ţ񱦵ӡ
ҶûжʣֻЦſԶŵͷϵָףŪ𣿡
ʯϾʱ࣬˽ȱȥһԵСϸϸİҶָϵĻŪ
ҶͿԼָһ㵤ɫŨأ㵤ɫָҲǼÿġ
ҶϲҲʣŪſûꡣ
ʯǵɫάּգϴ˾ûˣϲɫרȥЩȾָ׵Ļɫһġ
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ʯϵѾŮǰϸۣҶȴȻǶһ𪻬塣
ʯԱҲԼ¼ҵʱ˫ϸۣȥˣŪ԰ϲ˵㻮ЩҰȤ飬ӹңҲͲΡ
Ҷֺÿʯϲɵ߬ס󣬾ָмá
ҶЦŵʱҲˣȥ԰ɡ
ʯϵͷվͬҶһţ
Žɽڣֵв߶ߵ̯Ҳ٣Ҷʯϲûһֱͣͣϲͻơ
·̯̼ңǶȥƣСľһԸŵѾͷţǿ˴ľ£õЩʱȥϡ
ǹˣصһ·򾩽԰
ʯϵĹ԰ڽ⣬µǴׯӲԶʱҶƣͷĲ࣬ŹЩʱᵽססܱھˬЩ
˹԰ʱܿͣŵ١
Ȼҳ涼ٻҸӵģǴ˼ҵĳ߶ǶƵģͷͷҪװΣõĲϲͬƲһô˾ϳ˭ҵ
ҶĿھμӵĲỨ粻Ҳϸ߰˰ˡ
ű֪Щ˼ҶǸŴ󻧣̼˼ҡ
Եʯʯڳ͢ˮ˹λ֮ǰ˶˵ֱѧʿλжﻻ˺üʯƿסԺܵõʵʶ˶óʯԺǰ;
ʯ˵ݲ֣࣬ѫ˼ңʲϣʯĵãڽѣȻ
ʯǳģʹ֮ǰ¼ӲùʱֻҪһţʯϾǲٲĳͣЩ
ҶЦ߰ɣ׼˲ٺùӣµ˵֦ѵãҪʵʱԵġ
Ҷ𣬶֦ȻϲЦͬʯϽš
Ҷûͬʯһȥ˽ʣС˲αͲǸڴ˵ˣֻΪʯϣһˮ
ͬ˵Ӧţ˴ֵУ֦Եÿġ
ʯתһȦͻصҶߣЩû׵ĹɣЩϷȤ˵ҲԵˣȥҲͦȤġ
Ҷհõһ֦ŵʯЦŵãȻȥ
ʱ߹ūʯ밲֪λ˿пУҼҪͬλ˵˵
Ҷ̧ͷһ죬ϸż˱֮ǰ⽫Ĺߵӡ
ʱ˵ӡ
ʯȻϵӵģЦŵпյģҹɡߺʯ϶ҶСϼ
Ҷգգ۾ż֮ǰһֱûҪƼ
û첽ǰʯϵˣȥưɣͷﳳˡ
лҪ˵⣺
ţ
񱦣ܵ
ȥ
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ЩŮ, ʯϵ㲻ʲôûзи԰ȴҲ˵ǶĲҵĸõ, Ҳ, ܰϦᡣ
ĶǾŹ͸ŷˣȫҪҪˣ˭ʱ
ҶҲЩ, ϰõ֦Ҳ벻, ֻܿʯҪȥƣ
ﻹб, ʯûִ, ȵصӵ, ʲôˣ
ͷһ˼ҵĴ, һƲ˭, ŴǻûĹҡ
԰ﳳ
⵹ûУиͷͱϼҹ˸뵽԰ߵͷȥˡ
ԣʯϺҶһ, ﶼ֪Ϲ
ʯת˸Ȧ, ҲԺͷĹԱ, Ӧʯĸ֡
Ȼʯͬ, ʯȻҪܵģߣȥơ
ҶҲ³֦ˣӵһԵĴɹ, Ӳֺȥ
԰ʱͷֵľ
δĹǴһ߿룬Ͷɣȥ԰Ҷϵ¶ˮ˵¶ˮţ֯ŮʱᣬͿĨϣɡ
һߣѾ˵ĸҲûţȻǲԵˣһ˫½ԼͶҲԵ֡
ʯϵɣϾ֯ǳʲôӣֻҲֵԼû
ɫ˿ţЦӯӯĸĹŮк
Ҷһţͷʯͬÿ˶ϵã֣ܽ˵ݣǰ˸ǵ
ͱոչȥλʯϼ˸ĶɩĹĸĵ÷ҵĺӣҶͷۡ
ߵС·Χ徻٣Ҷʯϸпӳ㵱ǺüԣЩʵס
ʯЦҶֱصܹھסʱ򳤣ʶЩҲ
о仰ʯû˵
ǰ¼ҵʱӹúܹѵȱٴǻؼԺҪżҵҪǸ£ʯϾ÷ų߶ʶҲͶˡ
ҲЩôԼӺ֮ǰõ˶ֱ档
ʯϲĻǼ⣬ԼģҲԼģпɽҪúÿûʲôòҴţʯϿЩƲȴҪǿǱﲻ֪
ֻЩʯϴӲҶ˵ҪǰģҲ٣ûҪǰĳ֥ùӳͬ顣
ҶãʲôݶãʯȻֻ˵¶
ҶһʯﻹЩԥģڳǰס˲ӣҶ˵ŮӶҪģֵ̫ѿǳ˶ĿﻹǲҪȥˡ
ҶҡͷҲͷȥġ
ʯżϼҹҲͷ㲻˵ʲôͬҶһ˳ȥ
һţƼǱվŵӡ
⸽ֻйòߣЩʯϾϱһƬ֡
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ƼʯϺҶ󣬾΢΢Աӣһ
Ҷϳ֮ǰͨϼӣͷҶЩ˼˽ȥ
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ʯó⻰˵ĺӿ˲ӣű㿴һվȹŮӣϵŵǸ°ȺȻոյĶֳġ
Լ˹ۣҶʯ϶ûüȥںδȹŮӵȻ㶼Ҫļ޸ҵңԸ¼Ǿ͸֪ԺЩϲڿ޿ĸ˭
⻰ƺ̼˵ϵŮˣ޵øӶ治סˡ
ҶĲƣŷӦ
ⲻĹ
ʯҲϳˣסҶûǰֻܵǸɫȹľ°ѵҲϵã֮ǰҵŮ
Ҷ۾Щɻ˵˶𣿡
ʯְѹЩӵסͣŵǱˣʵ£ʱ䴦Ů֮£Ȼ֮Ǽﶼ޲ȥ
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һھҲ˲˲෹̸ʣĹбᵽġ
ʯǻҪһӣʱŶҶԭҸճĹﶨ׵Ǹţ˵٣Ǻùģȥ˾ǵĸĹƲϣҪҷھҲ֪ôͺѮ˴յһԭ׵ȢŮ
С˲ЩֲʲôŮŮģϾӴ˴ֻһӣ檣ҶЩҲⲻ
ʯô˵Ҷϸ룬ܿ
ʯͷˡ
Ů檣ⱾԵĹŮֵģƫƫһȫ뾩ǣ֮ⷱأûпֻҪѹͶѹ
Ĺﲢ֪ʯڲԶ˵˿ĹŻĶҪѪˡ
ȷʵģΪҪԼǰõˡ
ҵʵܲùĹǸûʶģҲû̫ۣȻҲô¡
ԭǼй߻˵ĹΪܹͬϧֶΣĵ˹檺֪¹Ǹʲô˼ûпϵ۵Ӷ۸
ĹҪԼԵķӡ
Ϊˣãܵ˸ϦڳŵĻᡣ
ԼԼҲԼݣʶû˴磬Ȼϲ°ȹҪ˶ȥˡ
˭֪ûţôɣոսŵϳҪ
㳡ϣĽȥˣҵܶȥ
ۼֿЩסǱʹӰסקš
ϴȥʰĵҲ⼸ӣʶ졣
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ҲĺܣֻԼҵŮ˸Ūˣ˼ңһŻȫ˵Цƽͷն˵ҵǷǣôﲻ
Ŀ˳ֻǲ֪ǱˣǱġ
Ѿ֣ʯϱ㲻ٳĬȥǰ˼Цŵôˣ˴Ļϸۡ
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ҶЦЦȴû˵ת۾Ѱҡ
ʯϺﺮѣ˵ų滰ǱıӸ˸ʵ춼ˣֻЩҶ⣬ϾһҶûаϵҶֻδںδ
ܿ죬ҶƼվڲԶ
µŮӴɫֱգ񻣬ҶδЦǰ΢΢ˡ
Ҷ̻һ֮ǰ϶Ľ̵ҶһֱѾ䡣
Ҷǻðɡüۣϻʺ߰˷룬ϵʸһ޶ĳȡ
ЦŵͷȴЩš
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Լҽϻϻ۵ŮӣںλȵŮȻܱͬϻʺеŮҲǼĽɫ
֮ǰӣĶֱ
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ҶҲȷʵûԵĵط룬ֻЦ˵ϻۣ˵ֻǶĻҲͬҺ˵Ͼ֪ǵ¶ء
˵Ц߶˾ӡ
ΧһȦ˶֪ҪףԼ֪
Ҳ֮ǰϻʺ˵ԵӲͬǸƢʵúܣԼȣȻǷֲ˼Ȣ׵ġ
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ˣֻȥҶ̹ϣԺĹﶨںԺĹԱæȻҪ
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ÿε, ͬ˵˵, ȻȥݼɩɩǺʯͷһ, żҲᱧһ, Ƕ黹ϷֻҪǺͺһɶϲ
ҶԣʶϵС, ʲôһЩȻ㲻£ǺܺϿζ, ֮ǰϰˣЩζϤ, ǿŷ
ӽ˵˴ּʱŬİϺǡ
˵ʥּ˿, Ų֣ЩɻĿ磬ʲôҪ𣿡
ǽոհõϺʷŵҶ, ȳԲżŶʥּȻǸҵģģȥӣҺͽͬȥ
ȻѾµʲôּˣϾҺϼҽѾ˴ԣֻǵļ仰ҲǶ˼а
ټɵķѾðãҲʱˡ
ЩãȻسţ·϶˻ûϺԼʲôҪͶּġ
ּּ̫ˡ
ָͻˡϣ
ĸоʥּʱһʱ䶼˵ֱ㶵վվԺɹҲ֪ͷ۾δ֪ԶһգգģȻǻϲˡ
ǵ࣬ǷҶȥһԵЪһЪĪҪɹˣŶּĹ˵ͷŹط
ֽȻܹ̫Űϴε͵ȯı϶ŰڳߣȻ֪ڻǱѰ
¸ղȥ˸գɶŰҲ˵һ䲻ǣֻЦˣۼıǸȵĻּܰ͵˲õġ
ҲٶֻܻͷҲˣŹԸٻز١
Ű˵ܹ̫࣬˹æԲʱ仹еġ
ο۳ҾҪɻڴŰȻύԵ
ʶҲƴǣЦŵǾ߶ˡ
̧̧֣ŶŰţھʱźۼһš
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˼æסŰѾţ˼Сˣͷɹɹˣȥɡ
ȴû̶ǵģæͷϵʥּ
ʥּϺþģȻֻ򿪣дػصĿ˺ö飬ҧҧ⣬ȷԼڲڷΣЦ
ǰǷΣôΡ
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˼һֱͯģ˵ĹϵǱѰקһ²ûκ˼ǰߡ
ǵʱ˼ţɵ۾ʥּء
ƣҪŰߣƼԼҵܵܶ˵ӡ
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ǵͷſӦһһ·Сܵʥּ뿪ˡ
ʵӲ˵ҲͷһؽּĴζûˡ
ɲһּ⣬ԺҸȻҪˣ
ɵģҲŰɵЦõӣۼһͷؼ
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ڶŰּǰרŰйȥһҪķӦͱ飬ȥϸϸ߸
Űɲ֪ԼһʵǱ뿴ͷֻ㶣бضʶһֱСע
һ·СܵĻþŰҲ˿ġ
ȥлˣŰԼһҪɫĺúС
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ҶѾص˲ǰЦӯӯԼ̵ҶųԷɡ
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ԼԳʲôġ
ԸЦҶҲǣɺĹ·ˡ
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ò˵нڣԴҶҲ̹ϣҶȻкøС
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ԼûҭһΣЩİͣʱ˵סô֪
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û˵ֻǶĿҶһֱû˵ԼȻϿʲôﻹЩʧġ
ܿ죬ҶҪǣ๫ҶͷЦ๫ҺãҴ๫ã׾رá
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ȴЩûȤϵ̫⣬ȥ̯⣬Եĵطﶼȥ
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ǽյȴЩͬѰﲻԼδӣ֮ǰĽﲻ٣ֻǵʱ˱ϾŮб𣬿ŮӣעعҲߵ̫Ȼʶʲôÿζ̫ȥͣ¸ǳ鷳
ڲͬˣԼδŵӣδǾ쾭壡
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״û˱˼
һӳ徢˺ü֣ĸˣǸˣѰ˶ÿԺߵôȦôȥɱȻ˫ۡ
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ⷹׯĲҵĳһһգ֮ǰԵʱҲǿģѰҲ÷
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̧ͷ̧̧ʾԼ棬˳Զ̻ʣʲôϸ˶Բϸζ˲ιҲˣƷʳʱҿɲ
ԣԪ˵ɼõĻж಻ϾɼѰ˵ԪҲû顣
ǵͱŵʱ򶼲˵ԷûƫƫϵԽԽãҲҲʡ
ע⵽ԪǰŵļӲˡ
ⶼ֮ǰûڷׯ￴ĲʽȻʡ
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ԭҶո˯, ĸ첲Ƿ, Сôһ˵, ֱѣ۾, , ȥӡ
Ҳ, ȴû´ְҶҶĺ󱳣Ҫż, 
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ڱôһ, ҶӣĲͷϣǷ
ȻԴҶԼѾʼѸٵĴϴ, ȴܳʵ, ָͷö
˻, Щ, Ҷżæֱӣһ˫۾һ£ôܲżﶼ쵽ˡ
ü, Ĳŵİɣǰ˼żͷֱȥȴˣᵡġ
ҶԣһɣҲЦʣΪʲôҪɳȥ
ˣȥҶȹݸһ߰ҶϵȹĴһߵˮ·ʢ̼ڶ࣬ʶӿɿڣҲвٴۼۼҵĴһͣĸɿȥҾͶȥˡ
Ҷһ⻰˼
ǵֻˣȥҲֻȥһڿǿ˵κƹԼ֪ҪѴȥ
ȥֱţӵԺھӭΪЩ
ЩС˲ξ¶һĨЦŤͷչȥף๫ô벻ء
̹ȻǰȻ׻ȥǰĽú۶˷ѣֻڸҶϵӣհһ룬־Ҫ°
ò˵⾩Ĳ÷ȷʵպãҲãȹƵ̫ӣÿδҪЩ
ҶѾ˻ȥԹԵıԼŴŴģǵҾȥ׼֮ǰȥﶼƽһ
Ц˵˾䣺ˡﻹ˿ġ
ʵž˶ɿڣ̴࣬Ҳࡣ
ЩͷǷ³Ůӣϱҹҹϸ裬ʱ磬ֻ»û밶ء
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˻һĿⶼ񱦣ܾµԼʯͷ绹ƶĺ˼ֵܡ
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СҲҶźģԺⲻ鶼ҪȥţСƽҲҪóͷŻЩͷСѾͷ
ֻСѧĶֶΣȴûѧ̫и˵СȻҪ
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ǰԲ˵иãСҲгϢˣ׬լԺ˹٣۳žҪˣô֣
Ҫ֣ҪúõĵһӣֻԼ·ŷ硣
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䲻СС, һΪһ, ҶӱƽҶƬϾĨһһ㷺Ź⡣
Ų󣬲Ŵ¶ĸҶ
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С˲μǵԼʱ򻨶䲻ҶҲ̫һ
Լǿ̫ϸ, ԭҪëصϡ
һģװˣҪڽҶȴᱧס, Сץë˻κãüЦ
ֻҪ, ˭һ⵹Ǻޡ
Ѿǿ˿, ֿ˿ҶССĺ̡ŲŲСƨʯͷһһԣȻǿҶ, ȴûǸղҪҶ
ϸоҶ, ɵõͷȥЦ·Ѱģ֪ʲôô, ʽġ
Ҷ죬ʢݡ
ԭ˲ΣЩȣɵþϸꡣ
ҶǸŻ̧Ȼſǵ˲Σֻ˲֮ϣͬƶϵ˿ӣΪһ壬һһ
ϴӲҶҩĵı£Ա֪ǸõĶǺ˲δһǸ̲ġ
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ҶԣҲʣֻܵôڿ͸ýˣܲҩ
Ҷ˿ϣȵͷҡͷ
ͷΪȷʵҩҡͷΪⲻҩƵģɹ˾õġ
ŶϣҶҲӲʲôֱӵʢݽĹʵֻһֶͬſԡ
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˵ͷҼ⡣֪ԼʲôҪΣɼȻ˵УǾС
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ֿ˿״ҹԺȻǸµġ
۲ϸ£ȫĹȷʵѵá
Ҷ֪ΪʲôĸпֻЦЦŴӣȻҪȥƻ
ϻʺ󵽵ǿӣð׺Ҷǲģÿһʮ嶼빬ơ
۳žҪĳ׵ӣҶҲȥϻʺ˵˵
ϻʺ֮ǰרŸһƣԳ磬ϡ
ԼܲµҶ˼ͷʣְֻҶקźߣƽЩ
ҶרĵĴӣʱʱĿڴ߱ϵʢݣС˲ξԼڵӸ㡣
԰緹Ҷżֱʹȥ
лҪ˵Ҷͨ˲ιȻȲңţ
ѾͳȥҰɽΣʵҡ
Ҷ
ҰɽΣqaq
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Ϊʲô£ή
ů㣡ΪʲôˣΪʲôQAQ


201 
ԭҪСһȥ, ϡźɻ, ѵڼңҶտŮȥɻҲǺõġ
񱦱ҲҪ, ڲҪɵļ£Ҷ˹
֮ǰΪ˷Ҷϻʺһơ
ŵƼȥһ䲻, ˵, Ҷʱ, ƼľѰϻʺźĹЦӯӯĿ
ҶС, ֱӭһ˸Ͷ˱¹Ϲ͵ŷء
ԣҶЦŵˡŵȥ
Ȼƽʱ˵, ǸѵӣǺСӶһҶϲױ
Ҷ񱦻⣬ȻֻҪҶˣͻȥ
һ˹ԹԵĪӱ, ֵġ
ֻżҶҶûаӹȥ˼ҲͲٶ˵ʲôֻܲԴſĪӻŹǷ۾˯ˣĪ֪Լүѵĺܡ
ԼϴôãĪԼӶעѰչ˺ǵʳӣĪҲɡ
СӵƢԣĪӶСĵĥ
Բ˵ĪչãȻǸģԼ˻ɿЩǶˣ񱦾ǿĺܣȻСȴΪĶ࣬Լ
ԾǶԣǴ⽲Ҳⲻ棬κ©Ź
ĪӲֹһοССڲأÿ˵Ļġ
ôһ˵ϻۣⲻеĴ˶ϣǸⶮѡͷŹ
СԼһˣԹɵģҲܺú壬׼ʮͷţòҲҪƴȫһԲС
⽲ԴҲܺͻҲǺúġ
ǺǶһ
ʵ˵һֱûĪӷĹ
ӾǿܻĪͷۣһʮʱ˸ʱ˯˯ҲҪԼܺԼֻҪԵú˯úͻϲ
չʱ䳤˱֪⺢ӲѴġ
úܣƢԼȻǺͻģǶԴ˾͸䵭ǿ˼׼˭˭Լѡ
չ˺ӵһСӲͷȻǲͷ
ŹɣһƢҶȻԵ˭岻á
ĪӴԴʮֽҲǶ˶Ūˡ
ȴ˿ĪʲôأֻſĪӼͷ˾䣺㡣
ǵĪЦţ׻Ǹӡ
Ҷ񱦵С֣ǣǰߣ·չСȶ̣ҲߵЩһһЦŵʱ̫ӵ¸ոѣӦҲιˣǾʱ֮ǰүСһֱأүȻˡ
ҶȻôĺӻܼˣԴԼ˺͹ϵ׽ѣʲô˵ʲôģɶԴˣҶǸ˷ֻЦЦˣҲ˵Ҫ¡
ǴĪӻ̧̧ͷܵܡ
ʶҪĿڣϾҺҰѪԵϵûУܵܵĻǲҪҽС
ܿתһ룬ԼﶼңҿǸзִģͯ޼ɣԼҲûбҪˡ
ֻܱЦݣҶһǰߡ
ʱҶԶԶ˴ӵһ߹
˿Ͳ󣬶µӣǰͷǸ½ıԸЩһ°׳СС;Ÿ
ҶɵʵǺˣ
һۣ죬ҶϻʺƣԺҲҪ͢ģ˵ЩиɻҲãֱλӦ밲ġǰͷСүǹͷҵĹӣСүģԺԪˡ
Ҷ֪ġ
ԪԲ˵˺ԼɹϵãҶҲΣóҽǼõģ˼ҵĺѧΪ˶ˡ
үˣҶҲڲԵķ˵λȵ۵ĵڰ˸ӣǵʥϵİ˵ܣΪ˵͵ʱҲͻйȥ˷ϣһֱµ۵ǻϼҴڻ˾ǡ
˭˵㿪˶Ҳ㿪Ƿǣƽƽɢү׶ŮȺӲ֪ң
ҶʹЩҲǵģ˼ҴϲҶҲںֻǼ°ˡ
ǱϵӶϺţҶºܰҵĺСүʲҲģջĿ⡣
ˣҲڽȥСŽҲֻܿһŻˡ
Ǳ߳һۣջĿſš
źҲͲٶ˵ʲôǽȥ־Ϳ첽ߵϻʺߣԵͷٶԡ
ҶЦϻʺһϣºЦļЩȵˣ˵ţϻʺŤͷѸոŵĹϹЩ
Ӧǡ
ϻʺŤͷҶʵʲôԵĵģҸ˱Ӱٺ֣Ҳ׼̾Ҫ
ҶԣѰ˶ЩĵģҲƴǣã鷳ˡ
ȥ׼ϻʺЦҶ
ϻʺԼҲ˵Ϊʲôر⿴Ҷܹǿ˾;̹ԼҲϻʺΪײӺӣڰЩȴпҶߴž;ɿЩ
ϾС˲αʲô̲ͬһȻ̹
ҶҲϻʺӣָϻʺϵƣĻס
˻Ҷȷϻʺ޴󰭣ġ
ⲢѰҩﲹûģҶһеʢ˳Ժ˵Ȼڸϻʺ󣬻ͷʢûнӣûջϲһ
ϻʺ󲢲֪Ҷôֻ࣬ºǳЦŻסҶ֣֮ǰˣڻָúܺãҰҲµúܣű֪Ǹĺӡ
˵ӣҶƣ̫أղҪء
ƫأǸճԱˡ˵ţϻʺŤͷǴżȥҵ£࿴ЩĪҪ˲ӡ
ǶǱϻʺ󷴸̳ģȻףҶҲģ˵ͷǴȥƫ
ĪҲ˹ȥСȻҶߡ
ϻʺȴǻ˻֣ʾ⹬ʱ˳ȥ
Ҷ״գգ۾̧ͷСȥҡ
СӦһ˳ȥ
ϻʺſڣνҪ˵˵ҼúɵĻ£׮Ҫæ
ѰϻʺͬҶĹϵǺõģѾǸ׽ϻʺȴ˵ô֣µĻ
ҶȻ⹬˾ǰͨ飬ǻǲ³ȻмҪ飬ʵ˵Ȼġ
ϻʺ˽ָ⣬ɿŻЩӣƽѵĽʿҪˣҲ飬ٲûиŻ
˵⻰ʱϻʺҲһ̾
Ϊʺ󣬿ЩҲܶʵģս£ϻʺ󶥶һ䣬ʶʡ
ٵ¶ǳ׿ڸϻʺġ
ʧٶգһ
ϻʺӡȴ֪ٺʯýãʯûҶҳҲ˵ʯʯļϵıãǱ֪֮£ϻʺŲȥ
ҶһӦҲ뵽ʯϣɵվֺܿ£ţȴ֪˵ʲô
С˲Ȼǧ꣬ҲһǶͬ޹ء
ǰںľС꣬ںĳ˼˱ļԵҲ⡣
ƫƫξҶʶ˿Ҫزһʱ䣬ҶЩãȻƺ̫˽ֵ˼
ϻʺ״æֱⲻϵսԹɳϵ鶼˵׼⣬鶼һʱһ˵ģǷ񰲺ûûжۡ
Ҷһ̧ͷϻʺԥһʵƭӳ㣿
ϻʺҡҡͷƢԣҲƭ˵ģҲƭˡ
ҶգգۣոջЩãȻͱˣϻʺһ仰ɢˡ
һʱС˲ξȻֲ⵽ǻڿã˵
ϻʺǽŵֻʯȥסһӣҪʦسϢնȻܴؾУͬҲзһǾղסˣʯˣʲôǸ鷳ұ徻˹ҲãʯϹȥסϼ죬ܺùͷԼŻԼ
⻰ϻʺ˵ģʵϣ⾩ĴԻʲôϻʺ֪
δ֪һҵʬ֮ǰҴʱеĶδ֪ġ
˵ʱͺ͵ƵģѪ
е˵ûû˵Уĺ׽ЩԵӣȻǲ֪ʯ֮£ҶƽֹϵãҪҶƽֵ˲٣֮һͻӡ
ҪЩעеķԷʯϵĶ䣬ٻֻʯ϶Ҫһ鷳
ѰˣϻʺȻǸġ
ʯϲֻͬǸӵĸˣֳˣǹϵشйʯϵϻʺȻҪ룬Ҳͻ뷨ӻһЩ
֮ǰϻʺʯȥʯۡﳣ˽и©ͻǳ鷳
ҲиҶƽ֣Ǹϲŭɫ佫ֻ¶ס¶
˼ȥʣˡ
ҶϻʺĽͣȻƴǣ̵ģϲӳ㣬ȻŻġ
Ҷô˵ϻʺ˿ֱ
һϻʺŵô룬ˡ
Ҷȴϻʺͨ͸ЩȻ棬ǾͲ档
ϻʺ󵭵һЦ˵ͷ
ʱ˵ĺ͹ϹϻʺһͬҶŹӵһ˵ϼҽ֮¡
¶ȻѾ˶˵飬³ʵҲҪ̫ڲģôҲܳոյĻ⣬ջůЩҶҲ˵Цݡ
ֻͷС˲δ⣬ȥ·ϾҪʯȥ͡
ɣϻʺ󶼰ˣ˵һ𿴺ɻҲˡ
һߣҲ˰̾ȥƫ
ʵԼľģʺסŵδ빬ڹ̫רһųСʱ̶Ҫ̫ҽտϻʺҲģһֱƫϡ
СһȻ̫֮λȴû̴·ƺɫ̫ѹ񴩵ĻǺСǶϲ졣
Ѱʺϻʺ󶼲ʲôйԼҺӣǵۣ²ҲҪһţİ
£źǶСϹȥȼͶЦЦ˱Ϻ󣬾̷ߣͷ
˵ȴܿ۾ɻ
ȻȻС첲ϴ֮ǰקĺӣѾֻһ֮Ե˸ɾ
һ㶼ֻĵָԼңи硣
һźĹЦŵ»С˵ء
ŶһƳ˳һۡ
ö˵ˣᣬ
֪ʲôȻЦſԼѰôĺͬˣϴһ;׽ץָͷš
Ҳץţֱ£Сţ۵СۣһԲȴҲĬĿûꡣ
ȴģϲְ۵Ưܵܵģ񱦻Щ̾㰺ͷһԹˣ˵ܳԣһ
ԼԣܵǰѸ첲ܵܣԡ
ûбСקŵù̾Ž
⹬ĵǾµģ̫໨һж֮˿ɳ֮ǹ泣ԵЩ˺͵ģ˵ǵڶֻû˸ϵһ
̾ż򵥣ȴҪ
Ƥɿڣζ㣬ĶɳҪļΪܣﺬܻжûУⶼҪõĹ
飬Ҳֻһݴʣóԡ
°ͿЦԽԽԼ¼ɰĺˡ
ǳԶʱ͹Ĺĵģ֮ǰȥ⿴ʱϵС
ôõĵܵܣǲϲ飬Ҫϰ䣬ɡ
˵ʶɵľֻд˾ˡ
ҪԺɴ˾ڵģ
񱦱Լһ򶼸Ŷһ£æҡҡͷԴĻ˳ȥҼᶨ˲õܵľġ
ôĵܵܣҪǱӲģǶϧ
֪룬ֻרĵĳ̾Եһ룬С۾ƣŴŴʵԲԣ
С˵ʲôֻЦ
һԵĹ˸æү»Сܳ˵Ż׼Ҫιʱš
ȴûа̾ι뷨ֻţܵȻ˵ҲǲԵģͦá
ʱ洫˹밲
žԶû˵ʲô
ʱ򣬾ͼһ˽
Ĺ̷ϵĶ׼˭֪ͷǸСڿʱûЦݣЩżĴ߹Ǻˣɿҵܵܣ
лҪ˵ΪʲôСڣ
񱦣Ϊ
Ϊʲô
񱦣Ϊϲ
Сڣ
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202 
̫, ӶûüӦСֱӰ굽Сץ·һ
ʶı˻Сһ, ҪƵġ
ֻ̧ۿȥʱ, ͰͬոԶԶƼ˶ˣգգ۾Էſֱۡ
ˣ, ȵվ, û, ֻŴ۾ǡ
ԼµŽ», Ǹ˹ģ, ŵǸԸЩ°׳ģɫƽ, ۾ʹż
ΧĹ˱Сү, Ӹ
գգ۾Ȼûү, ƺ֪, Ķǵҽߣҵܵš
ԸЩºЦ񱦹˹֣Ҳվֱӻ, Ͳĺȴܰнá
ͷСһ°ͣҵǹ
գգ۾ЩãȻ˭˵ʲô
Сүһ٣°ͣͣҵ֣ſҵܵܡ
ʱҲո˵λСү˳͵Ļ񱦱Ĺϵһ±ǺʯͷԼĹϵһ񱦱øոżҲûʲô׵ģͷ磬ǸúúദԵ֦Ҷ
һֱû˵ԭºƽ¶Щȣ̧۴һ񱦡
ԣ΢΢һ㶣֪Ǿ񱦵̸Ǿء
ܽƫĺӣͱ֪ݲͬѰ
ʵոճ;Ǹصģ̫ܵܵӣ˽ͽܵҲͰˣ϶Ҫƺһµģȴ;浽һͲ֪Ľһʱ鼱񱦵ӡ㲻úá
ƫƫȴʶѫӵǰ竽ݣ˵õطõطԥûС
һʱ䣬ҲЩãȻ
ʱڣСүʫһʲô
˳ڽӵԵ֦Ҷύ򡣡
գգ۾ʫ˵ģ˼ҲҲ˵ѪԵȻҪమ־ȤͶȻͬһ׽
˵ʱ񱦲ûô࣬ڱôһѣǺô¡
к壬񱦱֪ڸԼ˵û
ɵö࿴ۣȴûϸĥ˵˼ֻܳ顣
ûע⵽񱦵Ŀ⣬ֻºЦСүš
ЦȻǸúģȻƽ˵ЩֻҪ˳˾ǸܺĥƢ
պͻĵְС˻
Сɲ֪˵ʲôأղǱͽʱһһ̧ۿȥƼ˳͵ǳˣС¶ЦݣȴûкǣֻŤŤӽſϣקϵŵĺɰ
һԵĹҲóպͻٳ֣Ҳġ
ʵӲ˵ҵҺСүȫһһ£δ빬˭˲֪ϼҪˣ˻ڹߣϻʺϵܣȻǲܵ
һǵ治֪ƫ˭
в˹ӣܹǲдģҲǵĴֻһٴӲġ
һź˵ķźˣϴЦӵİӣ˵ĵĶ˵ģźֻרţ裬ӽ
ʱų˵ǰݡ
˵յʱѾ֪Ǻˡ
֮ӣлûԪڼпһӡ
֪Ԫ׵ޣܱ޵ûмԴԪ˵һ䡰ɼҵһŮʴӱˡͰǼһơ
ֻǳ͵İѰͬһģڼϯ̥СѰţʶһֱûмǡ
Ƽ治ԼҵĿޣǶĺӡ
ȻѰƢЩǵģССԼļƽϡ
ϻʺ󽻺ãƢҲãͲŲϸŸǶţء
񱦺ıԵĺԲһȦſɰɣˣϵЦȻС
ûϣϣ߬ס˾Сצӡ
棬öǶ̾׼һӡ
ʱ͵ǶģССͣѵá
ҲҲǾҲѵá
һ㶣񱦵˼
ͻȻ˽Ͼ˼;ԼͿʼϰ֣Ѱ˼ҵĺӲͬ˵ǻˣƽʱҲ̸ֻܺʫġ
˸˵ģȻ£ֱӣקԼֵľС;Ͷ񱦵Ȼˣ̸̸ʫΣ
̾Ĺĵģֱӣȴ˵̵İʣµİ̾˶Ŷţһ
ˬŪóЩ㵣ɵ룬Լ˼Ҳϲ˵ʫģ
ҲǣϵĺмԸأǱűŶĸԸģѫӵܱһݣȫüԴȥƿֻҪЩȨǮƵ˼ңӾ̤ʵϰ֡
񣬳Ϳɲֻҵôһ޲ðԼ治ġô
ҲԼͻռҪ˼˵ʫģᷳ
ˣҳԱˣ˵ô̸
ʱ񱦵ѳ͵˻
Щȵ̧ۿȥƼ񱦵۾ģ˷ܵĹâ˫ַ齼ϣӶ˵Ŀʼǰˡ
óЩ⣬Ȼ񱦵ֿĲװģеͬ˵Щ
ʵˡ
Ͳԣȴûжȣץҵôһֱ˵ʫĵ˲ף񱦿ɲˣȿڵҸ飬Ȼ˵
ͼ˵۾ЦҲǣͷá
һӦǸˣܿͱǰղźͷѧ˵ġʡеļΡ
ͬǶ鱾ԵĳͼĸīЦЩΪרעͬ
һԵЩΣǰĵҲò죬Ťͷ
Ŭؽקŵĺɰק
ѰڼҲϲץĶţʱҶ˵СҲƽ࣬ԶʱҪʱ̽ǡšŲˡ
˸⻹СľȻʹֻỺỺ
ֻЦǺǵţΪأԽԽЦķЩ
ȤͶ飺ȱ𶯣ǾȤֵġ
̧ͷ˿ŶһͲ뾰ᡣ
Ȼһ־ɻ󣬶ͱ͵Ŀ⣬ȥץǸҲͰſˡ
һ¾ǽ˽ֱۣѾʵЩʡȥ
̧ۿŴŴлл㣬硣
ɵö࿴ۣղֻǶ˵һֱûж˵ʲô⺢һ󣬼Ҳǲġ
ʱ˹˵Ҷϻʺ̸飬Ҫ˴ӹȥͬϻʺҪؼˡ
ûϴᣬµõ´λȻ֪һΣôʱķֱûʲôܵġ
Щ᲻ãͬ˵ˣҲŲߣվų͵СүҪˡ
ҲЩδСڹˣһظϣؼҾˡ
񱦻ûشѾ
˵˵ͰˣŰ˼ҺӴؼң
ôֻԼСүҪһ䡣
ͬûеͷҪؼңûڼء
¶Ľɫã
УáЦһ⣬һ¶˵õʱ񱦸⡣
񱦣û˵ֻĥԼʲôʱҲиòźá
˭˲ϣиС׷Լء
񱦺ǺܿŹ뿪ȥݱϻʺ󣬶ͬҶһ˻ؼҵ
Ҷ֪ոƫ﷢飬񱦺Щ㱧ţ˯źŵһԵϣţȴСӵĽǸǸסӣʡ
Сصʵӣȥȥģ
ѰҶŶǻӽһȦģȥ£ȥЩġ
ǼеĵĲͿζӸиҵɫҲǺõġ
Ҷȴûȥʲôǵ߳ȱؼңҲȥҪȥӳĹ԰ơ
СӦһʣֻȥ򴫻ˡ
ʯϵĹ԰ھʶӹųٹȥҲ˽ʱʱ䡣
ʯȻû뵽Ҷ˵Ҷʱڶæ
ҶǴģһűʯϵӳ㣬ȥҼסòã
һ˵Ҫȥ͵ʯϻͷؼ˹ϵãʯϻǶ˾䣺ȥ
еΪҶˡ
С˲Ժʵ˲顣
ԣΪ˴Ҷѧ˲٣ָѶȵҲˡ
ֻƭˣҶûѧᡣ
֪ϻʺҪάʯϣԼҲΪӳã֪֪˵ڻЩ鷳ġ
ҶɵԴ֮ǰϻʺԼ˵Ļ˺һӲŵҼŻϣû磬Ǹȥ
ϻʺʱ˼ǣμϣǿڷȻԵĵطסʯϡ
⻰Ҷ˵飬ʯҲͱ˼
ʯϺȻҶĻȻǺõģضκãûҲԣ˵ǷС⻨ĶȻã£ȥ￴ɺã
˯ͷʯԼԼ˸ɣҶ˿
æͷã棬ʰһ¾Ͷɡ
ʯԭȥҶô˵ɵһ֣Žѵ㼱ƢҲûʣֻһԵȥ˼ϴѣҶ
ӻû˯أԹɵϡ
ʯԴϸܸоԾǿӣʯϲģﻹģֻſҲͲ
ҶλؼҺûٳš
ûȥʫᣬҲȥˣԼҲǵ˷Լ԰ͬʯϺҶ˵˵˵ڵúܡ
԰ɻʢһרںɻԱߣмӵ⣬Χʰøɸɾó棬ϰϰԵֵĺܡ
ʯϻǻҲõĺãѰ˼ŸûȴĻӣڵúܡ
ҶҲӹеĹͶԼ๫
ŻͷҪЩͼֽԼҺԺҲôʰһ£Ҳ̹Щ
ʯǸʱźˣЦҲն˲١
˼ͱѰ֮ǰΪ¼治òǶһˣΪάԼֵҲҪЩôŵ۵ûš
͵⼸죬ɿܶࡣ
ԼΪӹùɣʯϲûз֣˻򸾣¡
ҹ˴ʣҶᱧʮָ۰Լ๫壬ʵˣ
ַҶĺģȻûϢ˵ʲôĶУ˵ʲôḴŻԼӣֻܵЩҶȥʹ磬˵޻̸֮Ϊš
ҶǺҶƽֵģ˿ֵ糿ģǳ˺£
ţǽıӪˡ
˻һҶͳӣһ
ǽӪ˵ıǾǱߵǴӪפĶǾ񲿶ӣƽѵĹٱҲפڲԶĵط
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ϵЩӣҲһ²
ﲻɵһЦ˶ƲϺլˣۣȴ֪˽Ҫֻ⾩඼Ҫ֪ġ
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ĺ󱳰İɣѾƽˣƺΪץڼ飬˻иʹͷӦ˹¶ˣӦϰģֻǾ巢ʲô黹Ҫٵȵȿ⼸վͻнˣгͨ͢˼Ϊ˲ġ
Ҷ˿ץʲôڼ飬ֻƽˡ
ҶʣЩ¶йϵ𣿡
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Ҷû˵ЩĲʯϡ
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ʯŹӶѧȥⶺȤʱʯ˸
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ģͿСĶѾԴ˳װŪʯ϶ЩΡ
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ʯǰҲεɲǸԩң
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Ҳ̧ͷĿʱʯϵذ׾˵ء
лҪ˵ͣлƽݣ
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203 
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ϸƽ֮ǰ, ʾ͸گ, ٴȥ
ʵЩѵɢ, Ϊ壬ȫó͢ɳƽ, ƫƫʾҪģΪĲͽ, ǳҪ׵׵ĽȨС
ȻдȨյǹң游һƷ󽫾, ˵ʸܰѱΰѳ, ʵ, ԶԶûô򵥡
е, ̸, ȻվڳǱ, ΪƽȨھг˹һƴȵۻѫ˼Ϊǣơ
Լÿⶮƺ, ȵ֪ҵı, Ҳ֪ǵҳ, ȴȻɵ
ȥر߹أͼ, ʵڹеľȨϵЩ˽ɢļ˼Ҵӹҵ䡣
Щ˼లҲͰˣƫƫҹ, ֻҪںٷƣö֮ҲͲʲô飬ȴҪװռŹְʱʱ̶̿Ҫ͹ҽа壬̧Լĵλ
һʼʾǲΪ壬һֱ߹س飬ܵĳҶƽ־ֻйˣԵҪȻǾҷҪȻڶ಻ֵΣſʼ׮顣
ǾҪʱȴЩûб£ȴۣоȻ˽ͨйĲġ
֮࣬˰˯οŵ֮ˡ
Щ֪ν˼ʬλزͣҶƽֺԼǲ½죬ศɣǣƣҲ̡
ʶŽƽѵͷҪѡһЩԼҲбµģټӧʱگ
ҪƽڼҲҪץǺ˽ͨйʬλزͣЩҪһ׮׮һļźá
Щ鶼ҪؽУõ֪ȻԶǧ֮ңʹ©ǻûҵٵȴҪȽȥ
ԭĴǰͰ࣬Ǽƻϲϱ仯죬ڴ֮ʱ¼ıᱻ͵
涼һϣᱻƽ⡣
Ϊһʧһž񲿶ӱյʧٵϷ롣
õΣ飬ҹڳǽӪѹһټŸ¶ǰ
ٻָݺĵһ£ҪʯϣԼû
֮ǰʯвĻٿһֱŵģ˵Լ͸ˣ֪ʯһʱ˵ŻģȴԽԽ¡
Ͼǣңԣٲðա
ץļӣЩѵڼزסţ³ɣȻҪȸԼδӣأúúõģȢأ
ոپȥ԰תһȦûҵʯϣ˵ʯϵҸϣپ͸ۣʯԼġѶѣȥҺѵԿο
ֻû뵽ǣΪʯϸϴ棬ҲһӰοĻ
˭֪һ棬ʯɫ۰ף۾ڣ˿ƲѹЦӴ̽ͷɣʱģ
ԭٻʯôѹͱôһɡе˰ӡ
Ҫ̷Ӧֽץס˴ֻ¾Ҫһɵĵˮȥˡ
ֻǸոôһεʯҲһæٵһѣץק
Ƕ˽յֿ˺һ¶Цݣȴ᲻ʯϷѾֻһֻ΢΢һţżǽ棬¾ͷ˴ӡ
վ͸оһգ̧ͷƼıЦʯϡ
ϾǾϲɫԼǴû˵Σյ飬ʶʯֻоϲȴû𾪣ƽ򾲣Ǵõβ㻹ûشأʱģɽˣ
ƽڴ̵ʱ򣬷Ҷƽ֣ܣһ㲻ԥ
ƫƫʯǰЦǸɵģҸջãûأⲻǵô㱨ƽ
ʯԣЦͻȻȥЦݡ
仯ҲЩû뵽ٴԼǰ˽żˣʯϲЦˣվñֱһ˶ǽģ˵
ʯǿ첽ߵǰӹغãӲãŻعͷģӻģ
һ֪ʯˣæģҸղŻ˹أȡһҾʹ˽ʥģҲЩû顣
ô˵ʯ˿ֻ۾ЩĺһۣҲ̫ðʧˣŲ߷ҪߴˣѡĵطľЩûˣƼˣԺҪҪˣ
óʯ⻰ﲢû̫Թ±һۣٶ̩ͨ
ЩֱЦ»صϣǰŲһصİɣҶˣţһƬӰƲҽġ
ʯȻ˵Ĺб£ȴ˾䣺Щ£ȴҪڷϣ˷ѡ
ЦǺǵĻصĴ˷ѣֵõĺܣҾѧôȭŹΪ˽졣
ʯϲɵöһ죬ӶȥһȦƤǺˡ
ٽӣʵش𣺡˵Ŀɶʵ
ΪʵŸˡ
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ԭոհԴسƽ˾͵͵İԴ¶ƣоԼûΣգԵֵĻӣȴڣֻצץŹӿġ
ʯûֻܿʵûУ
ٵͷҡҡͷЩƤˣˡ
ʯЩۣȴ֪սϵۣʹ⣬ԼҪ׷¶飬ᣬҪǵż壬Ҳס˼ƽ͵λʲôʱܻؼң
Цſʯϣʮ㣺ȥҾͻؼң˵ˣұھͷҾھ
ʯЦԼûУʲôھ
ǾȳףͷҾȥƸǳȥھ
ǰʯ϶ȻҪУĪҪ˵Ща
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Ȼ·˵лʯ˵ֻʣδۣеǡ
ټЦ֪ʯͬˣҲЦ
پͺʯ˵δĹ滮
սϵ£ٲŮˣŵٵĹȥ㲻öԻͣţҲûʲôˣ򵥵ĺܡ
˵ȻҪȢʯϣôǵδҪ뷨
ǷݳزھҪȢʯϵһ̿ʼĬĬ׼ţʱʯ϶֮Ҳһܡ
ǰٺ֪ʲô㻨˾ƺȣɴӼʯپͽڼ˺ܶࡣ
ҲǸԼ˲ټҵףһĸʯ˵ϸ
ʵʯеö࣬ʯȻúרġ
Ϊ֪ٵңԺҲðıҲΪ˵˵δʱ۾Ź⣬Ÿÿ
ĩˣٵ¸˵ˣֻҪµԺһҵĹ٣ʱҾеطȢˡ
ʯϵЦſ⻰ɲҪóȥ˵¶;ɲޡ΢٣ʯϽŵ֪й֮ۻǰʲô㶼Ҫᣬɾ˲źãһܴű¸ŵԣ֪𣿡
̵ͷҼˡ
ʯϱģЦſͼɣֱϣſĿİͰ͵˵ǸңЩý͡
ʯЩ棺ʲô
˼ţ֪˼࣬˼˼
ʯһ֪ʫֻٵǴ֮ˣīˮ࣬ѰɧܰʫʻõޱپֻҵһЩ˼Ӳ
ֻ˽ﱳĺˣ˵ʱͿĿİͰ͵ģ˵
ٲɵЩżֻԼò׼ģҪ
ʯЦſ֪˲ƴ˵ȴΪ˺ԼĻӲһЩѾǼ⣬Ϊ٣ֻӵ˼ⳤ䣬˼
һ㶣ᰡЦɲǻôĸ״ԪǣҲӦŮǡ
ֱ׵Ĵʯͨ죬æɱ˵⻰߰ġ
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⿴ʯЩ΢죬촽Ƴһۣʲôأ
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ʯһ㶣ʲô
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ʯ˵ͷЦЦ꣬ʯϾͶͨ죬ٲĿľͲߵģ죬˾䣺ɡ
һĻŭţġһЦǺǵĴ򿪴Ȼֱ˳ȥ
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ȴ֪뿪󣬱ĵػصԺڴؿ˿ۡ
һҹﶼ˯ðȣǶô⾯ѡ
֮ǰչ񱦵ʱһûǰ㸻󣬴ҪҹͻſСôߵö֮Ҳϰˡ
۾££Ȼ˯Ҷɵʵ£
үƼǱڣûţֻԶԶš
һ㶣²һȴƽʵȥ˺δ
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šһоҶﶯ˶ѹöԣû¶ǵùסͣҪԵ֪ǣԺǱҲǱս͡
֪ˡ
ˣȥ˯ɡ
ǡ
ӵĽŲԶȥ۾ҪϸϸһĿģԼΪжȻǣ͢£Լһ˹ôʲôſģӵҶ˯ȥ
ȵ˵ڶ죬ʯһȴɫ㱣֪쵽Ƿλġ
Ͼһж̫Ϸеˡ
ʫ
ʯ϶⣬ƫƫʫӡ˱ʲôٴϴֵ̫
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ƫƫʯϻʣϾҹи˷ʲô£Ż˵ȥʶʯϾֻԼ͵͵һ롣
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ҶЩ⣬߹ȥʯʵӳôˣﲻ
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СʱЦŵӣǰ쳤鱾øүˣ⼸˼ҷ飬үԼ飬˼˵үѧĿˡ
Ҷһ⻰Цŵͷ
ʯǰԼ˼ȷŵһԣתҶ˼Ҽǵߵˣô飿
ҶӣЦ๫ɶ˼ǺӣһֱС˷ѣҲŷѧѧʣЩʱȥƾ٣ҲܸԼǰ̡
ʯЩȣ֪вǵ軧ĺӣûǩɥȢҲɡ
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Ҫ֪Ѱ˼ɻľңʶ˵ģҲ̣ǰ̣Ѿ߸ǲЩԽƯԽɻ䣬ӣС˾ǷȥܹӲùġ
ԭʯֻҶ¼ܰլܵͰһ㣬ѾͷǸԻ䣬ҶԤҲǽơ
ţ˼ܲμӿƾٿԣƺҸԺɻڴҲʯɻҲʯ϶Ҷɵ˼һЩ̾
Ҷ֪ʯϾȻôֻ࣬Ц˵ԭ񱦸ģҲϲθִ֣˼Ų֪ӳԺҪһܲźá
ʯҲȤЦģͷ
ҶֵٹЩӾҪ·ˣɵĻ¾Ҫˡ
ʯЦºͣǴϲ£ϼϻӢţɲŮòһԣʱҲҪȥմմϲġ
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ε飬һҪõʯǰ˵ġ
Сؿ첽ǰЦһ񣬵ӣʯˣո˴Ŷ˵ٽһйʿνأŴ컨úܣ´ԼҪ빬͡
Ҷ֪ѾԼҸۡתһȦʶҶǾȣǾϲŤͷȥʯϡ
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Ҷɵÿģ˾䣺ӳҲĲɡ
ʯӵסǣֻܿЦü䡣
һжǷΣá
ٴʤ飬֮ǰֻϳʱվС٣һԾΪһһĺˣʵȨ˴󹦣ǽΡ
սϵ¼Ҳ
Ҳʱʯϲ֪֮ǰȻô࣬һ뵽١ѶֵǷ꣬;﷢ǵʱЩԣֻ»ŵñȥ
ʶʯԼļˣҶϻʺǻʯϾġ
ڳΪ¹Ƿһ󣬾˾ٸŻ֮ʱȴû뵽ȻҶƽҶƽֳ֮ƣšһС
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ݣ䣬ǹⲻ䣬ˣƫƫʯĵͷ˳˻Լ˻ڣʵþ˺Щӡ
ܿ죬˵ĽʹٺʯŲˡ
¹𻨿ʱ㵽Ĵ֮ա
лҪ˵ģźߣɫҺǸںĶǲһ
Сڣﲻһˣ
ģһ˵һᱳʫأ
СڣϷݱȹǸ˻࣡
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204 
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Ϊҵݹٽ, Ϊⳡϻʺų, Ҳ˶, ȻǼΪ÷ˡ
ϼҺҲ˲ٸŴ󻧺Ϊ֮Ȼ֡
ټ֮ǰٻس, ʱ˲˼ңȻ޹أ⾩մ״ʵģ֮ϸһ, ֮ĶǣѸ٣Σ
λ¾Ǽʱһ㣬ʱ
Ͼϲܳɢڶ, ι󣬳Ҳ˭ҲþĲ˼Ҷ˿, ̹١
ǣȴӹһٵ˼ڰ, ֪ǳŹȻҪ˽УԼ©֮㱻׽ȥ
･ɢ, ıǶףȥףص˶Ҫֻһֻ»æңϾḻ, ȻھסȢϱҲ棬ЩһѺ֣Ա߻ӰæһҲǾ
ΪɩҶҲҪȥæСڵһʱȴû´ڴһ
ûбѣȴҶĶŪ۾
ƼԼӾʹ˸ɴæҲ
Ѿ˰£ʱȣ峿ҹʱһ˿˿⣬ѱЩסҶӵסҶġ
С˲εҲ˳ſУ˸ǷŴŴģЩʰȻһ֧Ӧ
ĺ˳˳İɣ׼Ķ׼ˣҲ³ʲôԵӣʺȻȴţ㻹ǵΪԵģֻҪúȢױˡ
Ҷִ˸Ƿһ˵ˣҪȥЩԵӡ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻܱҶһֱҶ۾ùѣ˴ȥϴ档
ŽǴӣҶҪúʰһԵ֣ء
ѵǺôЩҶȸרΪնƵĺɰйأһĴ֮ҶȥȣСص滻ѡ
˵ԼԴͣҶЩŴģͳСصĶȷʵǱЩ
ӲƺôЩʵʵö£ʵűȽϺá
ʱ򣬾๫֮ǰ˵ҲҪȥģǲ֪ӳ᲻ȥ
Ų׼һԼȣһҶš
ԣɵģɸʯݣһʯ˷򸾣һʯ˵ģȻʯ˺Ѿ˻ԼҪܻڳ֮ǰİ±˴˲Ҫ棬Ե鲢û̫
о仰ûֱ˵ǱʯټŮѰǻܿ޳ȥҼٻġ
ϾѰ˼˵ŮǺ룬նҪҵġ
˵һ˳ԷǶһǷǣɩ޲øϽü޳ȥʡĳԼҵʳҪǾþòޣȻ˵лŶ˴ǡ
ʯϲһʯļϵˣһٴĵƸϻʺҲʹǷⲻ
ټ޶㲻ʲô⾩ǵеĹŮƷҲ˳۾ͺؼҵģĴŮ̻úܣ˭ǳţ
ټʯԼб£Ҳû˵ʲô
Ҷûô࣬ãɳףٵ±ӳףϲµúܡ
Ȼ֪ٺʯ϶˻Լȴ֪ǻ죬⾪ȣʮ¾ͳף
ţӳ˵żھ鱻ˣ͸ϽӳȢȥȥ󣬲Ȼ̫벻ˡ
һ⻰֪ƭ˵ģھ¶ɲŴô࣬Ǽھȴû٣˶Ҫȵͷ˵ʱһ
ʼȻӦҪھΪ˼ν֮ǰȥץˣɲܱĹѫ
Ҳ֪ģżס
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żˣϲɫҪܿӵ죬ѡׯص֬ɫգɫȹֻ¶ȹڣ߶ҡҷˡ
ȻҶϻδױڷҲɢûȻЩʧ
ʵ˵Ůǲġ
ԼԵڰĽ˵ĺͣȴҩ캦Լһ˯ʶһֱŮ˵òûʲô
Ҳ۾һ죬ˣɻò˵ûʲô
һֱҶʱ˾ǰŮȴЩˣԵҲûʲô
ԽԼҽദԽԼӺÿ
˵ʱÿ˵ʱҲÿЦǶׯЦ޶ˡ
ǰô飬ôʫ˵Ĵʾƺ˶ǰЩӼ֮Ĵʾ飬֪ǵʱ鲻Ųˡ
ڣҶӴԴһǵЦҲԽ
ҶóϲߵǰЦЦʵÿ
ͷÿ
Ҷָһ½ƽЩҺһȥģÿˡ
£õĲյݹȥﻺѺÿҲÿﴩʲôǺÿġ
СһĬĬת߳ţӣվſڣԶӴȴҲٽȥʡķ̸顣
Ҷȴû仰黰Цӯӯĵ๫˵ǣҲҴʲôã๫ҲֻңҲÿҵһƼ;ÿ
ɵЦ⻰Ǻˡ
Լʲôģ֪ģɫ԰һź࣬ϳֹСҹ䡣
Ҷ˿ڲЦſû㣬ǻӣֻܸӿ㣬˵ҪСŲԼҰõʱұÿǸ
Ŀһȣ˵ͷסҶ֡
С˲ûôжֻܷס˻ΣһüɣЩ׼ãȻȻ˱Ҫչǣûʱúʰ
һͬױǰ
ڻüʱ򣬰ͻȻ˾䣺磬ǽȼɡ
ҶҲûͻشҪȥϯô
šһûᡣ
Сغݺݵ˿ֻԼСڵҪúñһµġͷˬݺˡ
ֹ˰ʱȼҲʰͣһ˱ϡ
ӭȢҲŵġ
ҪĴȥϼңᱻҪǮױʫ˸¹ү
Щǵ㵽ֹ˭ԷûǻΪһ£ҪΪգܰæҲһģʱ䵽ˣ¹үӭͬ¸һݱĸ¸ϻΣɿżױһ·棬⾩תһȦŻȥʽóס
֮ǰʱﲻŽҶȥ
ҶżˣҪıǰĴߣдı͡
ΪҪæȴҪ鲢ࡣ
һͬȥӭ¼ʱҲȥҶźϵȴ
ͬһıǻʯϣ⣬ʯϱϡúܡ
ҶӣƤˣιһ񱦣Żʵأ
ЦӯӯƯ޻Ū⣬ҶĻЦŵͻСЩ򣬿˶Ҫģұ˰͵˹и̫ȻһȥʱȥӾˡ
ҶԵ˵ͷʯ̧ͷЦſ˻һۣʵһӵڲͬ
ԵĲ˵ͳ廪ȫѻʹɩңȥ绹ķźӵļƣ֪λµۺǰκһλʵ۶ͬ
Ȼȵڵʱ˭ҰѺڹ
ӣֻ˭£Ͼڶ࣬Ĺ̫౳ǣ˭ܱ֤ССĺӽ˾ܺúõĳ
ڲһµۺ˶һҲһһӣԵһûУϻʺǸ߳ģԴ̫Ӱϻʺʮ㣬ǰֻǰ󹬣Ǿǰһжϡ
дҪݣȴûκλᡣ
ö֮ʹȻŪʮ˵ϴϻʺ˼λھ˽ͶڣһʱҲΪѻ
ʯ֮ǰŪò;ƿݣԳλֻҪһ޵ĻʵȻĴ´ȥʱҲʵһƽˡ
ЦŵżЩˣȻЩȥ˯˯ɡ
ĪһԵ֮ǰϷ˵Ҫү
Ҷͷȥˡ
뿪ˣձֱðȻΧвٷ˹ڣֻҪƼһͻɫĲϴա
һʱزʯϱȥͬɩɩȥתת
ʯ뿪Ҷרעİӳԣ˵Ż
ȻϵãҲܼģҶԼ飬˶˺ӣҪҵԼʱҲǲס
ÿξ۵һҪ˵Щġ
ʱҶһЦ
̧ͷȥƼ˸ϤףҶɵ룬
ҲȥΪ˸ҶƽֳıҲΪȹ̳ʵȨھĹŮ䣬ҲΪС
ʵ㲻ʲôԺҲûжĹٶ㲻⣬ʵôϵã
Ҷͷ֮ǰӳĹ԰һ档΢٣ҶЩɻ󣬡űϴοɿĶˡ
֮ǰץĻȥҲûˡ
ŵǲƼһˬʻá
СѰǲģҶԻټĺЩģǰһӣ֮ǰЩҵ顣
Ҷͷ˵ɡ
С΢΢Ỻϴץȥ󣬴һ˱ˡһֱǰҽȥ˳˵ҪΪȴû˵ʲôʱܻȥ
˻һ΢΢ü
˵£֪ĹǸˡ
ϾŮԸ檵ǲࡣ
˵ȥ˭֪һȥǾͻزˣ˸ļ޵ȨûУô˳ȥֻҪһӡ
һʱ䣬Ҳ㲻ĵʲô񼫵飬ǵô
֪ǰСȴ˼
Ĺ֮ǰǰֵһֻ²֪гʯϹ԰һ֮ͨǸ͸˷磬¶ҪΣղ
ϲңȷʵǸ಻ģԴ⾩ʲôʱ͸ȫҡ
ǵĻҺϼңôܲ˺£
Ҫ֪ϲĸ˿ڷ籾ͲϣҪİǰ鶶ȥҾҪųԹġ
ˣ߸ɾȻˣС˵ҲΪ˰Լӵġ
Ҷʵͼǲˣ˵ǰеģԴʶ󣬱ûŹܷʲôˡ
ϻۣ¶ܴ׵ҶȻΪײġ
Ҳֻ˸Ҳ͹ˡ
ҲǸи·鶼Լµģ˱ǡ
ֹԼĪһʱûʯҲûлأҶЩġ
ȥſ̽һԼ˻Ҳ׼ȥתת
ǰԺȻΪⳡ¸֣ҲæµڻûʱǱͲ٣Ů࣬˶Եñƽʱߵÿࡣ
Ժ徻˲ֻ࣬żأԼҲǰʱ˵ͷ͸͸ġ
ҶͬһһһɢҲɿ졣
ʱԶԶıƼվһʯϺ֣ϡ
ʯһˮɫȹһƬвϣ֣ϽմŵɫѣۣҶһ۾Ƽˡ
ȻˣҶŹȥһȥǸո߽ûڣ˸ԵͳŮټŮҲ֪ʲô
ʵ˭˲֪ٲΪҪʯҪȢõģƫƫ˲֪ԼĽʯϽǸģ
ǵһʱˣǸʲôطǨѵúܣñԺλ֪ءβãʹ̫ðʧ
ˣĪ˵ˣﻹµúء
סŲЩ˼
Ѱʹ㲻ʲôĹٽףǰǸѹɱģɲǸʹô
뵽Щӣ֪˵¶ǿЦȻԼ̹ס
ڶĻƫƫҪΪôЦ޵ᾢ£ԼĲ֪ӿڳĸ֡
ڳĸˣԼ޸֣ϵķʯԺֱѧʿʯϸٵδӣǱĽҪˣһʱ˵˭طˡ
ЩҶûԵĵط룬ȴȻüͷ
ʵЩŮϲ˵ЩỰƢҶ֪ԼЩ¶ȴҪҲĿһ
ֻЩ̶ģҶҲҪôȻȥ
ӳһֱǰģʲôֱ˵ڣ㵱¼˺ҲʯʲôŭҶʯҲҶҪ˵˵
ϾԼҲǰңȻҪܡ
ɲҶڣʯϾѾɿ֣ϵ֣ǰ˼ֱһѲǰԡ
Ѱ˱˵Ựʯ϶벻ᵱ£βһʹйأЩ˼ǣﶨȻǺɡ뵽ʯϾͲ׼ʲô档
Ϊ˴Ҫ˴ˣпв׽֮ˣ˭˭ɵ
ʯǰ㲻ʤڸУһҲΪڵ
һ̼档
ڽĵЩȵĿ˹ȥƼ漸ʱɫЩѿ
ֻʯڣǻܺŪȥڻҲڵʱ򣬾ͱҪͷС
¸
֣ע⵽ˣڿҶͻ˵ͷֻɫЩÿ
ʯȴûлͷֻǣ۾תǸϣλҵĹɣ
û뵽ʯһ۾Ͱ˳ɫЩȣҶȴ֣ʯ˵ıǳģֻҪһξ֪⾩ûʶġ
ʯҲǵͷֱӵȻƲϱٽףһȥǸҸɣģȻίǼҡ΢٣ʯƽϾܺʤֻٹıˡ
˻һ˾ͱɫ
лҪ˵ʣÿ춼Ϊƽ
Сڣסβͣ
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205 
Ѱ˶ǳ, ǵҲе, ֻ˺Ƥ, ȻЩ棬ջҪҺôҺą̃˾ͺãϾӺý᲻ý⡣
ʯ, ֱӴ˼ҼǰǼ
֪£Ͼ˵Ựʱû뵽Է˭, ڲŻع
ʯԺԺܵľǱȨҲڱҪ˵λλ󽫾๫ЩһǼҲǺһ
֪ӿڳ, ʯϰҪĻ˱ģҵɫס
ʯϼˣȴûоʹճƽʵ˭ҪలµģҲ, һжƽƽıʲôǿɺӲҪúù, ȼԹ, ͲҪԹڶ
⻰ȻǲҪˣʯһʼľͲ˵˼
ȥǸƷ٣ƽģ佫ĹְһЩ, ȲĹǨѣʶ佫ƷȻԶԺ
ھ佫бȨǴǸְҸͷˣ㲻ʲô
СĹְҲס㣬ʹ㲻Ժգǲ췭ظ
ʯ˵俴ԼʵڼǺ٣Ҫá
˵ȻµģʯϵĻȴǳǵĻ
ԭȼҽþƲʯϣټŮֵǮȢǾ̰ͼʯȨƣϲҪûʯʯʲôǸ԰̻Ůʲôǡ
ƫƫʯϹľȻǻҪٹ⣬ȼΪ±㣬ֻܼβˣڻҪʯָű䣬ա
ǲͬǣȴﻹ̫֪ԼҲռմ¶ؼǰǶҪΪǵỰˣʯ˵ҲֻȴֻżƺҪ˵ЩʯģŹԼһ⡣
ȶﲻһһЩ汾Ͳ֪࣬ĶլḸĸ谮Ե˽ⲻƽڼﱻ軵ˣټϼ˲Ұֱ׵ĸ⺢ӳȥ˵ȴҲȶ˾裬ʶ֪ء
ȶƢȻţƹˤһֱӵ˵ʲôʲôʯӳ㣬㲻ǡ·ʲôû˵ҲԵŻǣʲôû˵ʲôԼ䲻ʹǺ£
˻һȴʧɫȥȶ졣
ҶòУС˲ֱƢҲֱѰǺõĻģȴдģͻȻôһ˵ϹĶȻòᡣ
ȴסҶ֣ûڣֻЦ
ҶЩ֣ŤͷͿЦһ㶼գƺıЦһ㣬۽üҶЦ⡣
ͬЦĻ֣ϣֻЦЩмһˡ
Ǹոż©ʯϻпŹȶﲻģһоȷʵǾԼ·
֣ϱǴҳԭҲԺͻǰǿƵĿ£ķֱѧʿܵı̯飬Ȼ⡣
ʯСãһˣ˭ʯûǸû
ʯǼɫģֻɨǰãȴ￪ǰȻˣǡ
ȴŵҪ£ԽǵֻվʯˣСò£ǧһʶ
֣ڿڣ䵭С˵ĶԣиģԼˡ
ȴȻ֪Լʲô飬ǿɶǷɻģ
ֻﲻͣûʲô˻ץŲš
Լµ飬˵󲻴󣬲Ȼ֮ǰͻᱻˣ˵СҲСҪ˭Ӳ
ȴЩպˣȴպʯϣպԼôͳôãȻԴˣ
ȴﻹҪһ£ʯȴֻܶ˶΢΢ȫ֣׼뿪
ͷʱƼҶͻ
ԼǸոżʶʯϸûע⵽ǹ΢΢һ㶣ϺܿЦݡ
ЦݾҶѰʯϿЦݣ˿Ҷȴøۡ
ӳǰʵǳԹ̫Ŀʱʯ飬Ǻ޵¼ұ䵭һֱ룬һѰŮ϶ѹ
ǰҶЩϾ˵ʱ̣Ҳû̫࿲ͷϻǷϣǸﶼиԵļƽϣңûίԼϱӶܺù
ɵڣھļĶˣҶʯϵѹж
ʯϴҶ¶̫࣬ÿÿҶʯ϶ЦŵģƺҶһǼֵ飬ʹûС
ҶҪȥ˵ʲôȴקקҶʯϺ֣ϵȥ˵˵ɣȻ˼ʱǵȥʱҲõˡ
֣¶ǳЦӦһʯ뿪
ҶЩ⣬ŤͷʵΪβһߣ
סҶֱۣոյҪӳɩɩȥһԲߵģǼ£мƽϣǶ㿪ЩҲǸǷ㡣ҶЦЦģӳ㲻µġ
Ȼȴѵõĸǿʯ㣬вȷҲ֣Ҫ⣬ƶǻԼá
ҶȵͷЩǣӳ㡣
ģոҲɢˣʱգɲǰίԼ
ΪΣ
̣ҲͲҪ̫Сġ
ǰʯϵ̱ʯ𣬿ʯȻڣʯ𴦴ʯȻ֪ĺܣʯסֻԼȥ
ڶ˸٣ʯϲһ֪Ҫʯھ飬񲻹һƷ򣬶ʯ϶кξ壿
Ī˵ɾǡɱץס˰ѱʯϹҲҪʰǼңҲһ仰飬򵥵ĺܡ
ʯǽģҲҪЩϲ̨߸Ҷ֪ҲͲ˵ʲô㵽ֹֻҶˡ
ҶҲû˵еķϵɿ˺ܶࡣ
ֱʱҶע⵽ȼҽѾûӰ΢΢һ㶣أ
ЦɣЩģǸϽȥɣʱ쵽ˡ
ǡɣʱСܹ£ˣѾսˣ
Ҷһ⻰̰ѸոյСĦӵԺŻ첽صǰ
棬ǰͷȻڸͷϣЦͶֵ
󣬱һɫΣԼżױļҶʹӡ
˵ױ˭ҲȲ֮ǰʱʮױ
Ե˼ҳʵ⾩Ǯ˶ǣŮҲ˭ҪױöܴոƺƵĳӵġ
ǰ۵Ķף˭Խȥ
ȱľ˾
ȻϸȨ㳯ҰļױҲԶġ
ˣƵҲѰŮҪö࣬ԱΧ۵İն˽߶ϼǳŮ֮ǰϻʺʱ̣Ҳʲô
ҲЩﵣǣԺյңԺǶѹ磬ѹ磬ֻԺɵӲùٲҪӹš
Ų˵ʲôأֻҪһ뵽滨ŵԼĺù͸˵ĺ޲ھͱ붴
дɻǹԹԵע£ŬԼҪЦ̫š
ӽʱһжֵģʯҲЦޣƼҶæкȥԱߡ
񣬰ã붴
ﱻϲŴӵŽ˶ҶȫȼˣֻЦŮ쵱У¸ɩûɩҶҪɩɩһͬŮ˵÷
Ҳһ԰ţҹŮҲܸӣŸ
ڶϲѰ¸е̣˼˷˿˽ϲ˳ȥҲȥӦıͣնֻʣһ
˶û͵͵ӣҲû޴롣
ɫĵͷֻظ˴ϵĺɫϲʱ¶˿˿Цݡ
£ġ
֮ǰڿνʱ֮ȥʵΪȥԪ׵ģԪ磬Ԫ׵Ҳ׺񣬿״ԪνһΣҲǺ档
˭֪˭ûƼڿ֮ҲûŲ
ǸɾΪ˺ãƢԺãҲã֪㱻׽ʱԼȵ
СһֱرֵƽͷһθԼ⡣
Ҫ޸ˣҪȼ޸ԵĴӵܶʮٱıҲԸ
ԭ뵱е谭ûеһڤڤ춨һ㣬Ҳ
ߵһΪ᲻⣬⣬ةǸС΢Ƣǲ׵ͷġ
˭뵽һιԼҵ̬ȾʹӷԱ֧֣˺˵ǻʵý
һжһ㡣
ǣϲջȻţһ
ʱһֱߵ˽
̧ͷƣźɫĸͷҲԼƳ˵ĴģµͷϲϵĻƣ£
ߵǰƣȷû˺ŵո˵ںԺ˸飬ūš
ﲻɵֿϸϸ˵
ӾͰȼҶŮʯ֮˸߸
˺½լԺﲻһֱûѾ߰æʶڼ޹֮ǰѡ˲Ѿ澹
ϲǴʾ֮ǰǼģҲҶ˵֪ǸùΪҲ˷ѵõһ˼Ϊ룬Ǽõġ
ԵţҪǣϱһźá
ͨܶ࣬ӲϼҼҽ̣Ҳ֪ܹϼңܼҵıǺõģЩѾߣԺҪȥϼסģ⸮ϵŮ˱ϣѡϵȻϿɡ
﷽㣬ԺܼӱԼӺã򵥵ĵҲͲʹʲôӡ
ոպͷìܣѾǿȻҪ˼֪
˵ˣ¶Ҫô죿
ﻹͷһر˽Сˡһ㶣һ
µǵϲԼҲǳһĸȻǻϲġ
ܿͻعϸϸ׮飬£˵ʣҲסڷ磬ҪҴҲˣ࡭๫һһ˵ġ
Ӧһȴû뿪Щԥ
Ÿӣ￴ӵɫ룬㵭һЦ֪ΪҺãЩҪ˵źá
̵ͷ˽̻塣
Ỻĵģ޷Ǿҳ׵ﲻκ©˭в춼ҪȻǸûҲ֪ɲѰ£ҪİػģǴ£Ҫֵ̲ȥģʯˣǲǰꡣ
Ӧһ
ŵҷҪָԶҸ׽˭ҲǼλ㶼ǼõģҺãҲãһδɵ̣Ǹ׽ġ˶٣ҶɩɩΪٴƲǵңȥҪͬɩ˵ЩҪŪˬźá
˻һӱ֪˼
ԼҹƢǸƲģסŵˣû
˭ǸദģԼҹĵģ¾ˡ
ˣԼĴ֮£ҪŶǲ֮Ҳѵá
пȴû˵ʲôֻӦһ
ʱ򣬾洫ŵ
Ӳɵһ㶣ҲЩɻ󣬿ʵˣ
˻Ŵ˸ҡ
ɣ
Щȣæȥţȴûжֻ̧ͷӳȥӴŹϣſѰԼңҲҪţ
ǺЩƵģ󣬸ոԪ׺͹ɼõı²ûб̫ݡ
ˣȻЩ죬־ѣ˵ҲףԼҲš
ʵո
ЦǺǵĿ¸ոƣѸͷˣһ£¸Ǻãٽ
һϱһ죬ЩȻֻǲ˵ġ
ǽ΢߹ȥߣסԼӵ֡
ʶҪѾǷޣûʲôüɻ䣬Ű
ȴֻţַתչָԼȥʮָʱĵͷá
ǰŴܺϱôţĽҲȢǵӣԺôվôգõúܡ
ڸ˸죬ƤԵĺܣƫŮ֮һ֪ܻͼҲǴҴҿ¶񲻹ո־ͣ
Ҷ׼ó˸ӣ֣µǰǹָҵģ˵Ҫһ𿴡
ϻۣ֪ɼʲôӣҲµʲôˡ
ʵڿڣӬȰѸͷ˰ɡ
ע⵽Լӻأæϲƣͷ
Ὺڣ๫
صӡ
ĿʱһЦʲôûˣµֻ۸
߶ʱҶûҳ˱ͣ˵˻Ǳ׼źӷؼС
Ҷȥ᷿ҺʱȴƼͷԼҵģ˼ҵġ
񱦴һСүͣһ鱾
ԭҪȥģǳͲߣүšҲų͡
Ҷ˹ߣ˿æųСүҷҪǻȥˣҹˣү̫ģҲȥɡ
Щᣬѵô֪ȻǺ޲ö˵䡣
񱦿и־ͬϵ˹Ȼã׸ҪЩ
Сү֣Ҫŵܵûȥˡ
Ͳɵõ˵㺰ҳ֡
̧ۿ˿һټ棬㻹Һٺ
ֲֻܵͷ
ʱ񱦵ԴתתͿϵ顣
Ȿǻ͸ģ֮ǰһֱûиҲ棬Ƽ˾ЩҪ
ȴֱӰùȥϣֱѹƨɵ¡
񱦣
һԵЦϣһЦһ󵹡
һƣæס⣬
ҲҪ飬ȥӹãȻл
ҲͲٶͬ뿪ˣҵĴţͲʵʲô飿
ص滹ҶӡҶ͵ġ
ͲɵøпСС;ܶ˹Ȼڲͬ
ЦЦҲЩпȻھǿҲ֪ǲ͵ĺֻҪܰžѾѵá
˯࣬ţ˵ŽԼˣһָͷ㷢ԼŮǵúܿ죬ֻҪܼ£ǵ˺һŪƺЩ˼
ǽرǱ鲻֣˭קקҶѵҪóֻҪһͺֻȥˣһ˯һǣһߣ˯еҲЦŵġ
ܵڰˣá
лҪ˵񱦣ܵδһҲϲ飡
űţ˵Ķ
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206 
ڶһ, Ҷһȥϡ
ո¸˵, ֮ǰҶҲЩȻİֻʱ˾, Ƿ˹, ʶˡ
ֵˣǵ˺ҹŻط˯, »Ҳô˯£Ҳ
ϲǸ˵, ЩҲûʲôν, Ȣϱֲֶ, Щϸ֦ĩȻƽ, ûȥߡ
Ҷʱ, Сڻû, ϺѾ緹ûвɫЦӯӯģ⻶ϲ
ǽ, ϻЦ֣, ϶ӵȥӸꡣ
˾䣺Ҳɼһ
ҶЦɿ֣ߵ£õƫģ, ϲԼҲŰȣһ񣬰ߣ۾ȴһֱҶŲŲ
˸Ҷһ࣬ЦŵͰˣ³ģﳢ
ǰϼʱҶ͸ϲĳʳһֱźϣϲҶȴҲȥҶҲɫĴӲҪֻʱ˱ȥԺϧȻ³Ҷ񫡣
ˣСʱʲô˳ˣ˼ζ³Ҳϲζ
ҶûΪ˵Сʱ˺ϲıӵգھɽ亣ζԵöˣȴȻһڵġ
ϵлҶ׳࣬һ֪Ƭ࣬ȴֲֻƬ滹ʵʳģ˺ܴ󹦷
ȥƽƽ棬ֻĳԽ֪жóԡ
ҶüЦһ룬һ롣
Ѱ˼ҵϱǰ޲СĽ㲻СķУҲǳԵЩЩҶȴڣϾϲڡ
ԼǴûаҶˣҶŮܳǸǹԣӲΪģϾͿǶɣΣ
Ҷθڴ󿪣ոڼˮ󵰣ѾúܱҲԶ¿ӱˣԵģӺöˡ
ȻûչһִģʱҲϱĴѰҽ
ֻǴһƣϱ֪˵Ǽ١
Ѿ˰£ʱڣת¶ҪĻװ
ǰӲõʱѰﶼҪ¯ӣ˶ˡ
ϾѰӴװһЩԺĲϣǰѾǿࡣ
ģͷתϵķ˼䣬ŶƼ㿵̤ʵҪŽչˡ
̵ͷȻмԼӡ
С˲Ҳ̹ȻĽл⣬СҶһֱֵ飬лġ
緹꣬ҶϵԺߣ˵ˡ
˱ҶվһԣϺã׼˾Ӧ֮ʱƼϽˡ
Ÿո»飬ϵɫ
һɫֱգǴ˼ɫգվһʱɲŮò֮ϡ
ҶžЦü䡣
ƫͷԼӣֻʵЦʲôأ
ʱǱߵѾʼ裬ҶǾϵȣסͣСصҲ֪Ǿﻶϲ
üͣʮָָۣҶģýãԺҲһ˵ˡ
ҶҲ뵽㣬ͷЦݼ
˵͹ƽʶ˴֮Ҳû衣
ϾͽϹȥóһУݸϡ
ϽӹͿǸµĽ
ϵǹʱǴɩǮ˴ģ㣬ɩһ⡣
˻һϱ֪Լŵ
ʵ˵СȻϼңǸŴԺλȨأǻǻʺȻԺյ˼ңŮȻҸǹʵϵԶûôù
ϻʺʱʹҩӣӼѣةȻڳ֮ϾǣںլȴһϲͨȢ˼ԺʵҲǱġ
ֻЩﰵĺլĥûϱüƫôϻƽ͡
ѹס˼ĸ˸ףܵ˽ϲϼ˹£ı¡
ڼ޸֮ǰҲʹҶϵģʹҶʱҶ˵ľżãദŰϵġ
ϿҶǸ˼ƵŮӣԽ͸Խ˫׼۾˵ãǾǺãϱϵȻǺദġ
ϵϺ˵Ļ£϶֪ģܿ϶ԼδϱĻػ͸̤ʵ
Ҫ˵֮ǰֻǸº͵ĺ÷ˣôϲףϴϻ۵úܣֻĴϻ۲ҵģҲ۸ϱģĴϻƽ֮ĹϵŰһƽͰ
ԭżϱһҪأϲأЦݺͻ͵ĶҲǴɩϵģԼġ
֪ϴһϻӣ涼Ǹ׼ģóȻҪĸĺô
óǷ˴ӣҪǵľǴɩĺô
ΪӺã˼ˮ˿û©
ת˲֮Щ£ǾǺ¡
иţɱЩҺôҺõǿöࡣ
϶ûֱͣӽ£ַŵϣ˽
ԶǸţϴŵģҶҲϵĽһ˵ĸоźĵġ
ϡӲֵԼӣЦЦ߶˾ɵӣЦϵ˵ͣ
ʵǲǻʱԼϱҲǷ˵ġ
ʱϽţƳЩ̤ʵЩЩӡҶţ֪־⺢ӵЩżӣȴºͺܶࡣ
ϲͬ͸öĲöĶǾͺͺˣϾԼҲòġ
ڽ˺Ҷûôȥϡ
»飬ԺҲټڣܺúʱ⣬ҶȻȥţЩЩҶѸʱȥ˱ˡ
ƺҪæһֱع´鷿ĵϡ
ҶԼһˡ
ѾǵǸëͷСӣǺǰһӣǳţ˭˶Ҫһү
ǿӣ˵£һ㲻١
Щ˱˵ͷͷǵҶһֱԿףҲҪһԼҵ˽ˣûգӹæ
ˣҲܿܶŵ
ѾֻǵǸһ̻ѾھŵĴ̡
ǹԲҶƽֻٽǨƲ
ǵһȥҵƱȱȽǵʱ˭ܲµóϵǮֻҪѻɽ
Թɵй̼³̫ãǮ͢ҽڷߣǱҵѡ
ǮǺ£̫ǮҲù
ȴͬ׬˵ǮԼһ֣óһٷŻصȥ󣬻ʣµľȥ
Ͼ͢ô󣬷Աָˮ֣֣ҶҪǮģ֪͢˼Ѿ˿գͰԼǮȥûԥ
ЩҶ֪ҲͰôɸ߸ҶΪľҪԼ
óʷĵıһʼʲôڣҪľǰǹ᳹ȥǮⶫ˻УȥˣܻصֵõĺܣǾûʲôøġ
ǡҶǸֻҪԺȲǮͰ㲻ںС˲Σ๫˵ĶǾôʡ
ҲֻǰѸԼµǷݼ¼˱Цˡ
ҵ࣬æص˿ˣӦġ
ҶЦЦɣϻȵģС̲ȥһЩСҲ棬Щġ
ʵǲ̫ģ̲ЧΣζ㲻úá
ԭҪƴһ²ӣ棬ת̬ȣĻصǣȥ
ҶͷƼһһ뿪ġ
ҶЩ⣬ϾӳȣãӵᣬЩҲҶ㲻ʲôֻܵͷſ˱
ӳźСĵӣűһ·СֱֱܵС
ʱƼͷڼŵİ̵Сء
СؼЩȵĺ磬¶ǲӺˣͶ˿ӣȹӾҪͷ塣
ӸæסЦеǵģǷҹԵģء
СءŶһͷԼڵһӶ˹Ҫݸ
ǺְܿӷŻȥתŵǰɡ
գգۣͷһ
һɳ֥װΣŪɶ״⼸òÿ˰ɡ
ӣ
֪СһλԶҶҲζֻЦǺǵĽӹһ
ѰӵĳԺҲҲûϹǵͲͬӳԵĺƽԵĲһ
ӱͲʳ˾õĺóԣ;壬Ѱ̫ڡ
ɳСض˸ģǾǱ۶мԼúܡ
СȥʢһǸոҳģЩ̣ºСؾָԼĶ䣬۾ӵЩȣȵúܡ
ӸոջأСģۣæСصקקºæˣЪЪ
Ӳע⵽Լ˼ҹ֣һ죬æɿˡ
СȴûʲôǴСһ𳤴ģСʱ;һȥ棬Сػû뵽Ҫʲôɻ䡣
ֻùһԵȣƵ룬ĿЩ۾ӵҸ˵ˣȥ˵˱ģڿоѧԽԽˡ
˿ӴӲСؿӾЦͣﶼŵ⣺һֱĿȾȻѧĿЩ
СرͷΪСҪʱСصҲǣ˽࣬ЩҩĻʶ˲٣˴õˡ
һ⻰˸ɳ۾ȴСأû˵
Сصֱֱȥ͵͵Լֱʵ
ԥһ£̽һʵԺҪһֱڷߣ
ǰҪһֱȻǺáС̵ͷ
Ӳɵҭһ£æִ˴ĿڣСظϽҪ뵽̫̣ȥֱòӵ͹ȥ
£ʹĴֿ˼ЩǱ
СǸź˳죺Ӹ㶼ˣԶôż
ţ⻰ҲΡ
żǳԵżＱ
Ҳû˳Ժȵ˼СãһĶСص˲һֱģ֮ǰǰԺ÷㻹ǵ𣿾ǵͣҪȥѰ˻޵ġ
С⻰ڵЦҲ¶Щݡ
ûϵСȻףΪʲôҪˣҪһӣĶȥźأҪĻ˼ңСڵıһܹúãԼСؾǲ뿪Ҷһ뵽δҪ뿪;ĸۡ
ȻΪ˵⻰ĵģæŵҪ⣬ڸѰɾǺܺã
Сգգ۾̧̧ͷ˫ĿЩҪ
Ȼڳ˴ȻӣһֱΪСؿǣŬԼ¶飬ֻԼ֪ǻ˸ףͿСؽˡ
ʱСص磬˵ʵ
ʲô
ǲȢң
˻һӲ㱻ԼĿˮǺ
Сȴֻǿ۾ȻȻࣺô˵ˣ
ˣҲûʲôܲҴŵģֻܵͷϺ죬Ҳ죬ΪոտԵ̫ݣȦǺġ
Щί
СȴûǸոʵϲң
ӵͷ
СʣҪһ֪Լϲϲأ
ڿڣҽ㡣֪СػûϣССȫŮ֮ҲĵģĻģеġ
СضһͻȻվûͷҲûҡͷֱȥˡ
ӵ˰أɵһģǶ˻
Сɡ
Ҳǣôððʧʧľ˼Ҽ޸Լ˭ġ
ҪôأҪСһŭ֮¼޸ô죿ҪҪȥף׵ʱȥɣһ㣬ʲôأҲвУ
ѰǸ߻Ӵ˿˷磬һ˶ãȻġ
Դ߰ʱֱˣС߽ЩȵĿʵʲôأˣˣ
ոˣںҶ˵˺ϼҪһȥ̤࣬ʯϺͶҲһȥ
С˵꣬߹ȥץӵļ˻Σȥ˵һ
ȴֻǶСؿɳƵʵСأң
Сһ㶣ʲô
Ǹղš
Сؼֹżղŵ飬Цˬûʲô˵Ķʵ˵ĶԣҪҲֻˡֻԺ˵¶ʱֱӵĺãҲ¹û˼ġ
һ⻰Ӿ֪Сû
ңȴҲʧ䣬Сû׼ԼϲӲֻԼ̫żŵ˼ҡ
ܿӾ飬վϸϸСйҶҪ˳ŵ飬׼ȥһ
̨ʱ洫Сصˣ磬˳Ҳȥ˵һɡ
Ӳɵûͷʵ˵ʲô
СվſڣࣺҸպͷ˵ˣͷӾͺ㶨£Ҳȥ˵һźá
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СؾͿӱһƽˤŵСҪȥӴ˸վЦȴһתͷһ̵ľûӰˡ
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207 
ȥʱ, عѾ뿪ˡ
ڴ˱ɫƽ, ֻżյһڡ
ӽ, ָָϵʳУع´ľԲӣ˰ɡ
ԭҪ˵йںСصģôһ˵, ͰѸոҪڵĻ˻ȥ, ʵʵǰʳóԲ, һڿڵĳԽȥ
ոյɳţھԲֳԽȥ, ŪӾԼЩŵûš
Լܷ, ӵ黹Ҫú˵ģӰԲȥҶҪŵ˵ˡ
˵ͷɫƽ, þȣֻܵȥҲ, ǰһ, ˣĪҪ۵ǡ
ҶҪһ˳, ȻҪŵģǰӲò߶ʱͰˣ, ܻȥҶ
ҶһĻٸȥҲţҲ֪øԼһЩԼʱ⡣
ӦһͷűԼԸɾ룬ԥһվ
л˵ϵ˲ᣬӵлֱ˵ĪҪ¡
Ȼ֪ƢӣȢСء
һ㶣Ȼû뵽Լô仰ɵðͷʵͬС𣿡
Ӳɵ˸ոշһУոƽˤϥǣʹȴȫЦݣ˵ģҲ֪ġ
Ȼ㲻鳡֣Ů鰮Ҳûϸ˽ӣҲ˽СأСᣬֹģ˵ʲôʲôЩͷ㣬ҲҪͷС
СֻԼҽһ˼ϲô꣬Сضǿġ
֮˵ʲôҲʣΪ֪䣬ƷоѣСˬȻǺ£Ҷͷ
㿴ӻСأһԵ鶼ܷŹǻ£ȻСϸ࿴ġģͺúôʱͷҾͺͬ⡣
⻰ʧ䣬Ϊ֪ҶΪСؿǣ˵׻֮ŮǱЩȴҲѻ˵
ȻΪСغãҲ⡣
ֻҪСزˣǼõģԼЩʱûʲô
ЦǺǵĴӦһܳȥ׼Ҷõˡ
ȵ˵ڶգҶӵʱ򣬲û£ֻϸϸĴһŤͷ˿СأӻȥźֻСص
ϣͬ˵ıϡ
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ȻϻڣǶϴֶӼ£ȫȻԼסģÿԼֺǾˣȥιܼңҲֻЦ˵䣬Ӳ֡
ϷſģȴҲҪЩլֶҪԼ
ϼҵʱϾ͹ܹңǰǰѧĶլ˿ڼ򵥣ʹҲƹ۵ģϺܿ졣
ϤЩͷһ¾Ҷ
ϴЦѾ˸˷ٵһأɩɩ죬Ǹദˡ
Ҷ˵ͷЦŵˬͨ͸ҩ⣬ãѵõݵһֺò衣
ϱЦŵͷҶߣҶͬ˵强
˵֮ǰ˱ʶģʱ򵽵ǻûйţϵ㲻׽ȴͬ沣ȻҪЩŶԡ
ҶҲЦ˴գʱҶ˵һͬȥͶڽĺܣ֪˭˭Ӯ
ЦȻɩɩһúء
֪ҡ
ȫġ
ҶЦһͬͤȥ
ľɫܺãһȥһƬҶ죬պһ㣬ͤӾڷУõĸ¡
µׯӵĺԺʶûǰ徻
ʯϺͶѾˣƼҶǰ˱Цкǽȥ
ʱѾڷ˶ݺõĲ裬ֱ϶һڣֻ㣬в㣬л㣬ڡ
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Ҷһӵģ⻨ζ䡣
һȻ˹ͶõĶͤʯӳ͢ս£һˡ
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ͷҲҪ̫ƽźԽԽá
ϱЦŵͷǼõģҲɿЩﲻǾǺ£ѰҲܶ۾۵ġ
˻һ˶ŵͷ
˵๫ͼȻҪ˶ҪЩɿʱҪԼʱ
ҶʲôʯϵϴȥĹ԰㣬ûƼ˵㼱Ҵҵľˣʲô鷳£
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ҶʲôĸˣһӾˣϵҲԶһЩԱµҪٺӵׯӣ
ʯϵͷţǸٺӵġ
ȻʯڵĹ԰ҲӣվЩ룬ðˣӵϵĴֻæ½ϻҪųġ
ǰʯֻҪѹ԰ԼǣҪˣٵٺ»ãǴԼҪɼұ˱ͷˣŮǣԭֻҪһһ飬ʯȴҪúõľӪ
ٺӵһׯӡ
ҶҪڣʯϱЦ¶鷳ģѾѰׯӣ֮ǰҵģȫҶȥ⴦˳ұȥˡ
ʯѾ棬ҲǸ¶ģ⾩鶼ɨòˣд⣬ȴЦŵǺ¶Ƶġ
ҶЦӯӯĵòҲ԰
ϱЦָҶһ
ϱЩп
ʵʶʯϣȻ֮ǰֻ̻ӣʯϳ裬ΪҲãһЩƼ
ʱϾֻǸĥŮӣܺ㹻ϣȴûʲô
ºڳ׵գ˵ʯϵһ˫ŮʱҲûָʲô
һֱǰؼҰ䣬ϲ֪ʯϵ
Ů嵭ģ˵ĺݣʵǲͬѰ
ϲɵÿҶԼɩɩƺֻǵЩûʲôͬϸƣгǸϻʺ󣬻ǴϻˬʵĻаĶϣǰλʯϣԼҶǴһԵҶڲͬ
ǶԼƣƺƿ̽˹ƫƫҶͬڣȴͨ͸ˡ
ϲɵЦҶȥͶ
ֵʱϰԼɱһ˼ıŵһԣֻҶ˵Ц֣Ǳǰκʱ򶼻ϲЩ
żգ϶ȥѰҶʱȥҶ;ջʱֻǵӣҶ˵˵ﶼڵġ
ЩΡ
˷»ܲһһգԼȴصúܣ˵ϲϲ෴ϻϲȴΪݻϲҪеһдá
ڼʱͳҪ˲ѯʹܼӣò˿УҪȥͬҶ˵
Ÿճ극ȥ֮ǰ߬סϵ
һ죬¸׽¶ˣϻЩ⣬ɵʲô
ҲᣬҲЩ˼ģȴǴչȥϵӣ壬һ죬һȥҶɺã
ʵͰѷҶˣٿûʲôʡ
ͬһ㲻һϱ˵ͷЦЩϲ
ʱϴó˸ɰԥһ£Ǳͣȴֺܿջ
Щ棬ֽӹתƼŵǺɫҶ
ֻѰɰҲǿֲ࣬ڵĻͷؼ
ƼŵǸɫ꣬ܰ˱ǣԼҩζ
ɵÿϣʵ𣿡
ԥһ£ͷ
ʵúܾˣķҶҲģֻʲôã黭ͨʫʸ踳һƫƫһ㣬С¶ӣҲͺ塣
ҶͶ϶Ƕҩĵģ˵ҪӣЩҩĻ꣬˵ЯӺã˸ɰϻ꣬׼͸
ΪĲÿһֱó֡
źɰģΪ촽Ҫȴ㿪ϷƵģİѺɰˡ
úЦǺǵĶϵãҲĶˣǰֻŶȣˣҲۡ
˻һϱ˼ϸ죬˼Ůȴһ仰˵ֻܶƣŽˣ๫ʱīҲ¡
ڴʱҶҲû꣬ȴɰֱԡͰ
棬ԡͰ滹ðҶӣһһߵ๫飬ҩĻҩǿЩҲҪŽԡͰѬһѬźա
ҶҽΣͷ̧ԼӰҼˣϴҵ㡣
ҶӦһ㽫ӷŵһԣʵѣԡͰ
̵ͷһ˶ŵ֮ǰСصˣ
ҶŲˮԵСԽԽң϶ˣϲŻ˵ģ⣬ȻᷴԣҪٵȵȣĪ˵СͻСٵײŰȡ
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󺣣Ҫȥ̽ĵط
ѵõ֪ʱȻ˳ʵ֧֣л׿ϣ׬⡣
ҶҪ˵ŵֻȥЩӾʶˡ
С˲βɵЦŴ£๫˵ĵֻΪ˸Ҽ̲Ƶġ
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˻һҶû
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ɡ
ţ
˵ȻȻá
⻨õģһ˻Ծĵ˶ԽԵպˡ
ֻⷨС˲ԺҪЩǡ
ֹ˼գ㵽Ҷ
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208 
, ȻûҪ˭ֻǹԼˡ
ϲûҪھס֮ǰˮ㣬ȥ·˵, ʶһӡ
ԭ, ڿÿլԺƵúܣҪط
Ͱǽӵ˾ׯϣɽҶСϪ, ҲǸĵģʮʺϾס
Ҷȥׯ˵, ȥʱڳ, סҶỬе, ոͬ˽˵ٹǱҪȥˡ
Ҷ˼ϣԲɵֱ, Щȣ֮ǰҪһȥô
ƫͷŮ˵ĶףỺΪɵ£ɳ, ҲΪƣ˷ģҲǿ, £ȻҪȥġ
ϣھǶ
Ѱ˵ﷱƽ¥ֻڽһߣߵĸܻλۣԽǸĵطԽ࣬ǷͶϣ֮ǰӣҲҪﴳһ
ϲͬͣͲֽԵˣŵıǼӣ֣ϴϻۣǶԸϼҵǵĸˣҲùլԺӡ
һջã͵ǲʱһãñơ
ֵο¶СĽ߶ҪһͬȥĻҪأȻǼȻȥҲǺõģˮ·ͨȥЩġ
Ҷŵͷ¿ͷӣٹҲҪؼҹģʱȻܼ档
Ҷ֣ת˵𣺡ô
С˲֪ԼԸһȴ벻ʲôر顣
ΪˣҶִĳȴûԼģָǶúõģҲúõģҶˣˣ컹һѧ飬ƺûʲôˡ
΢΢һ㶣ʱѧ飬ǲǺֹˣ
ҶǴ˸ǷƵ˵ѧġ
Ŷ
عɹϵѡ񲻼ʣǷסҶָ⣬ǾڼɿһգҲˣҲѼ˷ŵٿκƹ˵һβʵ㣬ҰѷׯĴ֧һԣɺã
ò˵ѾԼо͸ˣЩڵĶóʳȻҶ
ȻҶЦͷֱۣ߶ŵϻʲô
˵һһôһ·˵Ż˼ҡ
³ʱͿС˶վſڡ
񣬶Ѿ֮ǰֻʹɨС˱ܽǰźģȻĻӻֽ͸ѰһЩȵ鶼ȥҲǸͷˡ
ǰڿңƼæСǰæᰫʣ³˵һԣҶվǰӣүҵСүСүˡ
һҲ⡣
Դ֮ǰ˵ʫ֮󣬾͸ϲ񱦣ͻϾʱѰ񱦣Ƕ飬СմһҲ˵
һֱų͵ģ鳤꣬Ϊ˳ȣѰ;ƢʱҲֻһڣǺͺġ
Ѱ˾ͳңҲǳ£㵭͵Ĺȥ𣿡
͹ȥˡ
أ
ڷիСĹȥͳʳʱ򣬵ºүῴء
ͷٶʣֻҶš
źһˣܿճʱ÷ദһ˭֪񱦵Դʹһֱأ֪Լ׵գʶ»Ҫ࿴飬ȴ˵Ҷ鱾Ҫߡ
æһ£ʵôżʲô
ȻСǼԺã֪֮ǰ˵Ҷ͸¶ֻŴĻصȥˡ
⻰һ꺢ͯϲöʣϾҲǸؼԺһҪСӡ
ͽɲΪ˸̸ʫĵģĶһԲͬȥ
һ㶣Сүȥ
𻨱˵ȡùģҼȻˣȻҪȥлǡ
һϾЩΡ
ʵ֮ǰ˵Ҫ־֮飬ֻйⷽ鼮Ѱ䣬鷿ﶼûС
֮󣬾ͼȥӼ﷭һߵؼʤվҪ񱦿ġ
֪ԼСүƢǾǿǵ춹ģʱԵԣʵó鱾ɼȻܲٴȥһᡣ
İƣǻ˵ֻ³ҪģʶСԱտڲԣֻܸһȥݡ
ȥʱûƼҶµ˵ǴСںĻ԰񱦱ת˷򣬴ųͺȥԼһ԰
ң԰
һСģȸСȫмɽˮȣ£ֻطΪҩĻõģǰֻ̥ܷСʱҶȥǴ
̥ģ⣬ǻúöҶҩĻԻԼʶڴźȥһϴĻ԰
Ѱ˼һ԰еӣСˮŽأƮ㡣
ȥʱ򣬾Ƽ׷⣬һֱţ۾⣬ˡ
СҲһԣ󹫼ķżಽСĵĲᾪŵ
ĪһԸߣȲԼӰ谭СӵߣҲ̫ԶҪǿˤʱһʱȥи⽲ɡ
۾һֱûдŲҶʯԣżҡһҡﱧʢݣСġ
ʢһһҶҪıĹӣڼ䣬С˲αҪúС
񱦹ҶЦų֣ܹʱҶȣóӸСһ˲˳һѣоָмãһ£̧ͷųͺЦʲʣոţ裬Щɡ
˳һǻ׹ݣⳣҲûôء
̵ͷлӹ˱һЦһڣζãźȹ⡣
Ҷҡҡͷˣ
ҡҡͷࣺ񱦲ۣˣҲܵá񱦸оƳ̸һ䣬е롣
ҶЦЦķỺʱҪߵģȥܵɡ
أ
֮ǰʯѣŪ˽ԡ
Ӧһ߹ȥ׼һ˵
Ͳôˣȥ֮ǰ鷿Ƽһ顣
˻һ̶ס˲ӣͷ
ʱѾߵ˳̨£⣬˵ȴֻ߹ȥЦС˵żȥæøˡ
Ƕųƣ仰֪͵˼¶ڴɫ£ǲҵʲô飿
¶˵ɫܿŬһǱߵؼʤˣҲ⿴
ɻû˵꣬͸оԼĸ첲˱סˡ
ЩȵĿȥƼһ˫۾
Ȼ󣬵ǳͱ񱦻ԸЩģҶĺãȻûСʱôԲϻЩġ
;;ñԼСģʹԼǰգżҪҿ
ŵú˰벽ܿסӣҧгݵôеˣ
Ϊ˵Լûأæһ䣺¸¼飬ҿ
ô˵;ûʲô񱦲һ
ѵһҲǳԵˣ;͸ⲻϲ˺ͱһԼ
ǳ˸Լɵ顣
ӻóǱ飬⽫Ƥġߵؼʤĸǰ˻ΣȻ󣬸߸ߵľֱۡ
񱦵۾͸ߣԴתȳ;ֵʱ񱦾ʶҪȥץ
ǱȳͰһЩֶ
ģŪóͶЦҲͻЩںƵģӦһ£Ҿ͸㿴
̿˳ͣͷҶӦҿС
Ժ󣬺ҳ֣ҵ¡
ҪЩأգգ۾Ŀڵã֣
Լһ̫ãˣֻû̩
ˣҲͺܺ˵̰񱦻һǵһкüأͷ㿴Ȿٸ㻻һ
һкö࣬Ц˻ϡĲС
С񱦴ǸԶʳģקס˳ͣһȥһơ
ʹԶйصˣôֱϿʼЩŤһȥ󣬾͹˲ࡣ
С˶һ硣
ų͵ͳȥֺõһƵģҲ˿
׼ȥ˵ʲôȴһȵֱӵȥ
ŵӦ죬ȥӰԸһЩҲЩǺӣȵúܣûаקסһſ˵ϡ
Сŵչ򣬿ʲôˣֻתȦ
Īһæ£ƣڲݵغʵĪӺһǲˤ̫ݣЩû˵
˫۾ƷߵĺȦ̺ˡ
СƽǸƢܺ˵СϲĶ֣֮ǰΪûȥץ׷˰Сˣί
ڿԼҸΪ˾ԼҲһ࣬ˮžžવĵ
ֻ֣ǿޣץֲţˮǶӣҧ촽ģŪĪĶˡ
ĪӸæⱧס˺壺ôˣˣ
Ҳãƽȣ˵Ƶģαˮסˣٶ˺üģ۲ۣۣ˵ţ˲ȸոˤòݵأﻵˤã
ⱻһ֣ĨĨᣬĪӰɿԺС߹ȥסССģⲻۣ۲ۣ
ͦСظۣء
ЦЦɺֲܿЦˣҿƺҪСڲڡ
ʱͿ˶׵Լǰ˫ţɿʱķ϶￴ڻȶĺ
¶˴ЦݣϲС
⻰ЦҲ֪С˵׼ǳеģָܿѰºţƽţϲ
̵ͷ۾ֻܶĺÿ壬߹ȥСץ۾չȥơ
Ǹƺڱʡˤˡ
ЦŵϲҰŽǡ
ȵͷҡҡͷŴŴĵеģС׻ȥԷأҺһҪȥס
û뵽ôĺԴȻܹ˼ôණƣҲͲ˵ʲôֻܶƺƹˣ̯ơ
ɣûþͲӰ
Цеģ㲻ģСˣͶ˵лл硣ȴٿֻܻͷ磬ǶǶ
㷴סС֣һȥҶ
վ½°ڵĲмһ·СܵĵҶǰûٵˣŻȥѰ͡
ҶƼŪ࣬ȴż
ϲǳ£żҲˤ˵ˣֻҪû˵ˣС˲Ҳû̫ţֻЦŽԼոհƤѵһһС죬ҶЦ𣿡
ͷǴĻص𣬻Ҫ
Ҷ͸ȥѣڸǰЩ
ӦһҲͷ˱㱻Īӱȥﻻѡ
ʯͷ˹
͵ܵǲͬСʯͷÿ춼ҪȥѧõģҪϹΣ˰գʯͷ
ȴûȥ飬СʯͷԼ棬ȸ˱ţ裬ɵݹȥʱѧѧʲô
ʯͷӹӣص
ͷ㼸Σһ
ʯͷһ֪ҪˣΣɫЩš
һԵҶûҲ֪Ҫʲôֻ۾һ񱦣һ߼ǩѡ
˻ʯͷ˵Ҷ¿ǡ
ʯͷиģʶʯͷĹαȶԼӻҪЩƢҶ֪ۺ˻˶ֱ˵
Ҷദ꣬ȻܴһЩûüҲûҡͷʯͷѧúãء
ҶѵݸʯͷЦŵЩ
ʯͷûȥŶ飬ҲܲµԼˣҲˣЦӦһ
ʱ򣬾˶
˻һʯͷ̧ͷȥ
Ҷ㼸Ӷ֪ġ
ȥһ˸͸ҶǺϼһƿӸҶ
ʯͷ֪ģԼСĻͼȥϣæƿӳҶ
Ϊˣʯͷ׼һ֮ǰϺīȨƿǮ
͵ĶȻԼĶ
Ҷ֪飬ֻЦʵǺˣ
ҹ
ɡ
ǡ
ʯͷһţ۾Щã
ҹֵû˵нðĶĹ
ţƼһȹѵСﱧŸ߽԰ӣŹɵԪ٣һ޻ƸƸãĿ㣬Цݺ
ʯͷһƾɵˣ̫ˣֵô
ֵǹң
Լǰ˵Ļ
ʯͷŵһɣ͵˵ϡ
һŻС̳Ťͷܣģܿܳ԰ӡ
лҪ˵⣺С
С
⣺С
ţС
=w=


Ľ뵹ʱ˭ķⶼڼգôô~
һƪй⻷רУԣϲ׿˳ִ߾ܿʾ
İ
վ飬Ůδ޸һӵܣÿȽĸ˸һ
ƵκٻȢΪ˼ҹ·һ
˭֪һпʼ֮ǰκ˱ûᰣǣˡ
ˣˣôһ
ᰡκ٣


209 
ǰ΢΢, ү, , ʯͷЦӯӯʯͷ硣
ͬͬ, ǽСŪʯͷֱӴʯϱ޴, ˣűһ䣺⡭á
Цеʯͷ纰ǡ
ʯͷĿİͰ͵Ŀڣ, 
㳡ŪҶֱЦɵþȶСô, һֱû˵ǹң
ûС
ҶЩ棺Ҳû˵֮ǰҶ˵ʱԼŮݵ, ôʯͷ
ǿ˿ǱɫֶͨƵĻصԼҲһĻȤ, һֱŰɡ
Ҷ
ֻΪ˸ʯͷͶûʲôԵ飬Ҳû, ֻȥͬʯͷ˵
Ҷһͬʯͷ뿪
ȥǧӷŵϣЦӯӯƣ⣿
ʯͷﻹЩģֵܻãʯͷǸĻСǰǰĺӡ
ò˵ӵմʵǹھǣ¼ӻ滭ˮƽβ룬⣬űػ˸ģȴȻӵʦĸ
ƿͨѩףǼԱ߻кǵա
ȻʯͷƷóǴۿȥ֪Ǻ
⣬ƿÿҵ¾ȥܵãһͬ͸ʯͷ¶ЦݣʶҪֵܼ
һŤͷƼЦӯӯʯͷ̰ջͨ죬ͣ˵֮ǰΪǡԲ𡣡
⣬ҲţȥʯͷһʵӴͷβһֱûֹҲǶԵŬˡ
㱳֣ߵǧǰ£˻ΣЦŶʯͷһ£ҾͲ
ʯͷһ⻰æӦغϴƿĺӣ˷ţܵ󣬰ǧ
ѰŮӣֱʵúܣҲһֱʯͷЩٸЩʯͷƵʱϵЦݾû
°ͷŵðһ䣺ҿ϶ҵôߡ
ҲȥŤͷʵΪΣ
СȴҲԸֱ˵ԼСֻǵӲΣǽ֮¡
Լĵ
ûоǸʯͷƿӵģܿ뿪ˣȵ˰ʱ֣ͺҲ뿪ٳʱԵĳ
棬вҶϲԵĲˣðҶյںǵ
ҶϡƿҿƿЩұ⻬ʶҶ̵ϸ꣬Ÿˣ͹ȥѼӶڻ
Լ̫ˣҶҲûúǻط䣬һʯͷ񱦶飬ˣЦ㡣
һֱ˯ˣԱӴ˷䣬ʱȥͬԼ˵˵ͲҸ׼ʲô
Ҷ̧ͷ𣿡
óҶѾЩˣҲͲӣֱӴóһɰŵҶϡ
Ҷ󣬸оǸһĶģƼǰԿס
ЩȵĿǴԿףЩʱ򣬺·ͨˣ˿ʱ䣬ұȥתתɺã
С˲һֱڹŽ̤ʵصӣ̫Ȥ
뿴ǧʱ⣬ûʲôء
ǰڵ֪ж󣬿ǽҪ촬뺣飬ҶһҲȻǺúܡ
ŴԿףû취ȥҶҲ˷ܣͷչȥһ¡
ЦŷסҶ˻ȥǸۣһҹ䡣
ֹһʱ䣬ڳѩʱʯͷԵĳɼ˳
ھ飬ҾסʶԱھ濼ģȻǰҲƽƽȵĹһء
ͬصĻǱͷףȻڲͬ
ҲûΪأЩ⣬ĽǣҸ׾ûҪףǡСԪñ˵ģ԰㲻ʲôף
񱦣Ŷ
ڵڶѩº󣬾͵ʯϺٵĴ֮ա
Ҷ˵ʯڵ˾Ǻദģ֮ǰͬϻʺϵãݲȳˣѰ붼㲻ɣʶܳҲʯϡ
ʯԵС˲ǰã˺͸ʯϣʯٵɾҶǸ⻶ϲġ
ڴ鵱գʯȥðݹȥɩŻصУü£ȴӭ
ҶʹߣЦͬʯ˵
ʯϿҶȴþûܻ
ڼǰ¼Һլĥʻʯ벻ʱģںʱʯҲ뵽Լнա
ȻʯĻػʯϲǸϲԹƢԣö˶겻棬ʯȻʯ˳˳ļ޸٣ٲʯ
ʯҲŻϻʺĺôթһ£ǰԼܺù
ʯΪмģҶ
һֵģǽ
һδģǽ
ǰǳЦģǽ
ʵҶ˵ʲôʯ϶ûģֻǶҶſž͵ᡣ
ҶٿʯϿޣϴο޻֮ǰʱʯϻڱ¼Ҵĥĺ֪ԼͷϲʯϿ޵ĺףŪҶһʱЩ޴
ʯҲ˵ʲôֻ֣ıסվҶſϣлл㡣
Ҷһ£Щ֪ʯлʲô۾Ա߿˿Ƽϻûв嵽ͷϵķΣҶлҵģЩʽ֮ǰģҲǴӵȡ
ʯЦЦֻͣӲ˲ᣬ̧ҶȹЩӣؼ֮ǰһһ۰ɡ֮ǰ㲻һֱ˵Ҫѩζôɽϴ˸ӣרѩˮʱԡ
ҶҲЦͷʯϵ꣬㿴㣬޵϶Щˡ

ϵķҪˣ촽Ҳɫ
ʯϱѿ֬ĺӵݸҶϿɺã
ҶҲѧģѰ˻üԵԼԼױȻᳵ·ЦŽӹʯͿ֬
ʯϾֻü۴ЦҲûеᡣ
մҲʮ֣ʯûΪʯټ޶ʲôú¡ء
ʯĳеλټҲǳǰĺˣʶλֵģ˵ỰҲ˶
û֮ǰǸʲô³Ự˵ܲ˾ͻؼҳԵǽһ⣬ȥǡ
ֹ󣬻ؼʱѾҹˡ
Ҷͬȥʱȴþ뵡˷ܣԼʵʵΪʯϿģֻǳϯʱ뱻СĳԽȥľԲӷãҶȻûȴһֱЦеģƵģҲ˯ֻܿץ
һֻչһš
Ҷۣˮ۾գգʵ๫˭Ű
ͷķصҶģ˵ԣʯͷҲԣдףء
С˲οĻ˻ԼڵԴѰʱã˻ҶżҶҶɵĶӡ
ӣҶѾǲˡ
ǰйҶڸһĺӽȻ˼ңǾˣҶҲüôࡣ
֮ǰؼʱҶ͹Ǻ£úöǺõġ
ͷ۾Ƿתת
Ҷͬ˵صıԼļˣԴˣϡ
еıҲΪӺͺӣɶԶֵĸ
֮ǰҶЩ飬Ҷƽϣȴʹ˼ңҲһֱأԴҶһҴӲȻͲҶ
ԴϴҶҶ˶ͼ֡
Ҷ֪ԵѾ˸߸
ɲǶΣŽ䱸
ҶҶѾǷּұмǺޣҶΪǷ˶ծľͲ֪٣ҶɩǸС۵ģ˵öˣ̻ҶվǸ
ǣҶҶɩĸĸȴǴ񣬽˸صĺӡ
ҶϽڿŬ˵ҶɩҲãȫҶЩд֮Ļżʵס
ǴӲǺңǸ⣬ҶɩͿһӣһ£еǮҶ顣
ֻδΣȫҶ컯ˡ
Ҷ˵йҶ飬ֻܰź̵һԣֻסҶٹǾҪؼҹˣҪһȥġ
Ҷ۾ʵ˵ˣ
Ǹոճףر׼ļٻȥġ
Ҷ¶ЦҪƼɺȻǸ˵ġ
ҲǣҪ˵ôӴЩ˷ܵӣո˵үϲˡ
Ҷһ㶣˸²⣬ȴֻʵ£
˵ϲˣѾȥȥѾһࡣ
Ҷһ㶣ЦбˣҶʱ仹磬๫ȥơ
лҪ˵˷ܵʡһ֣
=w=
ᵹʱing
ƪлһйСģмӵδʱ򶼻ڼѡ=3=


210 
Ҷ˵Ҫȥ, ͷӦ, ȴ, Լɵļٰˡ
, ؼ·ȻֻһңҪչ˻е, ϸոջ̥ȵһ˾ǣҲȣ꺢ӳԺٻȥҲһġ
Ȼ˼ƽʲô෴˵С˺һľ
ֵСһֱ飬ԺʱһֻܻΣھٺϵദ͸ˣȻСӵЩ
ӣϾҪкӣϻϲҶ˵˺һӻ, רȥ̲Ķ, Ҷȥϡ
ιʱұ֡
˭϶˵ö, Ϣѵá
˲ٷл⺢Ӳɫ, ֻţͬҶԷʱѧҶ
ѰҶڣֻģ½̻ˡ
һʱûչ˵񱦸˸ȫ
Ҷ˿ӣ񱦱ϣŰСƤʵ꣬Σ
ҲȥҪӻô˵
˵˵̲ȫҲܲǿ佱ȻˣҲΪǿ佱㣬ʧʧ
һһ׵ģǣҶǸȥϽʵʵ¡
ԼҺӵǲˣµúܡ
Ȼ˶࣬϶ܽ
ȥǵʱ㲻óҲʶ˲ٶ֪ǷȴҲܴѰ˵ʱ͸¶ϸ֦ĩ˽⵽еա
Ŀһ˳˵ĵطҪƽƽȾҪı
ٹԱ˼ͷ֮ǰǸôùţʹϻۣͨ͸һ͸߼ǧҪ˸Ʒһнвǡ
ӺЩ벻ôŵǺȰ˵ҲͼǵԼǽҪΪ˻źǣҲιסˡ
ԭҪȰһȰȴŵҲͰѻ˻ȥԹԵÿʹѺͷӦ͡
ҶͨһȥЩŮƷ˵Ҳæúܡ
꣬޶ÿ춼ģ۵
ȹʮ壬ҾؼȥɽϵׯǶУúõһ֮֡
˾ǣҶ
ʱҴҶֻ˵ʱϵһӣΪܣĸӾ
Сʱ򣬳з˴¡
̴ӺϹ챦𷢱۵ˡ
С˲ãǲʲôɾˣ
ڴϣѾѧԣֻǻЩأҶŶʡ
̴䱦˴󲿷֣Ҳһͽ˹бףдȥĻʦϸϸĵͼ
ʶڽͲأܲҰװ£䱦ǣҪֻЩͼ
ڳʿûгư֮ģð̫ƽֱǣǾӰ˼ΣǱ߼ʹȥҲҪ֪ʲôģǱûˣպһҪӦԡ
̴֮ǰ̶һʸбΪĶŵͼ
֮󣬳ҹټϼҡҡҶ빬ż춼ǾӦ֮ߣǵûסˣźܽҶƽ֣Լһʵ۸Դһȣ๫ڹﲻ
Щ鶼ûйϵˣҪľǸˣ͢ϵ鱾޹أҲͲΪЩ鵣ġ
·һͨиҵȻ˱仯
лıûȥΪѲ⣬˭֪˵ĥʲôԼˣʮٱ֮£̰ǲģ̰Ļսۡ
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