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ּӵ꣬йҵǻʼҶ͵ġϵһơңνлʼ֡
ִʮǰÿľǰָټױ
ʮÿɱˣܣĸһǱȫɻӻǧꡣ
ò׵ʮ꣬ɥǸδȢˡ
ִܸ˿Լˣ
죬ǿ˱ֱۿȿźҪ˵ȣԼİˡ
СҪȢĸϻˣ˵òĸЦҹ棬Сҹֻ
ȢΪ˸ԼСϲģҾˡ
ţĸϻ֪ϲĻܸˣҾǹˡ
ĸϻ·ֵ̽ĸϻһòεѾ˵һڵѰɾѾǵЦӡ
ĩ׵ĵҾ
طĶҹѾͼǰźͷףȻǸģ
ҲСŮЦ绨˵ʤʥʥĴϲƱ

ݱǩԽʱ  լ

ؼ֣ǣֻ񣬵ط  ǣּˣݼ˵ȡ  
==================

 1 

ֻճ͸ܵ˽Ǯ
ֱ˽ϵһˣʮǮ˵Уе塪ûͷס
β˴ţ˭нϸɵйͷǮú򵺹òС˵ʥһϱӶסû۹
ֱֻƵõĵһӣʮ֮궼Ҫȥ֪ˣԭʮ檣ںԺսʮ꣬ŵһּҴӡ
һֻĵһޣֱƾݺᣬûŮʹһӣϯϯžŰʮһա
ּҹּܼʮĹˣѰѮֱƸҪǻžͲ
ͷ̬һƾ͵ԴҰϻүû֣ϲʳĵū籸׵ˣֻүԸ
үֿЦȥȥȥȥǡ
˵գȥֲףææȥǡ
үˣʲôܹģϹܼŹȣС鲽һ̵ȥˡ
ʵڿ궬콫Ҫȥʱڴүֿԣүȥˣû˹㣬ҪӴ
Ϸصأ꣬µһֵ
ּҴӳڴĴ죬ճǻϾըףֱƶſڲûŲȻڴлռһϯҲĿ첻޹ϵ
ڣĵһӣԴ𣬿޵ô㣬޵òŮӣ¡
Լܻ˹ŴִĿϲб˲
ŵòᣬմ޹һһŵһͷĴӳЦѣִﻹΪ죬˵ڶҪԵˡͦСӿ޵Ӵ
Ӹճô˵үˣԸƬķʴǰ˰Ůһ˸ϲõǡ
ִ֪׵ŵһգһˡ
үǸŮϲүϲүһԴҾѡ
ŮãŮáүŮ۾СģϲÿڳԣٰھžŰʮһյˮϯ
ǲóԵȥˣ
Ϲܼԣƨүɡ
ԵʱּҾûˡ
󣬴ּ࣬Ұϯȫݶ֣ûطӣּȫݵͲ˽ǧɵӣ
Ǯ
̫Ǯˣ
رǮ
**
ϯԵִİգͨϰնˣСһԵ÷ͷԣͦƲš
ѻعִҲ֪һͰ׵ճɲֹ
֪ʵ룬ʳҪۻӽ콵һ˵ûòŻ갡
аղŸСϰףִﱻ˰յĴˣգִֽ𱦣鱦ִ󱦣б䵽ֱ
үú𾢣檽еһãظұĺ֡
ִﱻݵĸױڻòûͷҧˡ
ǣֶ౦ͷе㲻Ծ˵ү̽ʡ
һӱء
ִᡣ
˺εȵһ˼ң
檻ܼҵһҶһ
ۿҪİ壬ƽʱַ㿪˿ڣ촽ϸү
˿ˣүһС۴ȥˣ˵
ַ˺ܿԼҷĴҵ۾ϸүԵһ䡣
˵ǡҹӾ̫ˣ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ܺá
ү˵ʲôġ
ҪȥЩʵ⿴гԵĹҲ
һĺӣеǻֱ㿴ַϸϸ
ֱһ۾ǣǻֱţ˵üǡ
үð⡣
ּŮǲֵܳģǱּŮŮ
ּϴּ峤˵㡣
ʲô°ǮǮ
û£ûص겻֣ûǮĲǮĲݹǰ˵ûøʵʵſš
ǣл֡үˣŰºòļ룬װǺġ
ģַ˲̿ԼүװʦŻŮϴְۣɣּãүĸǼҵͷһĸףҪþãӦñġ
˵üǣţŰ񣬻һпɲǱľôҼҴҵҵı̫̫ˣүһƴޣ̴ľĵֱ졣
ַһЦ
үһǮͷˣеʱӲ̫ʹַҲүǮҪʲôʲô
ֻ񣬻С
ִһ֣Ū˸ֱ֣׵Ū۹Ŷۣһĵ˯ȥˡ
**
ʮ
ͣʮݣɲõûꡣ
ը쳤պ󣬴裬ţݳµ꼾Ҫˡ
ּҳȵУִǣŵֻ֣ܵСĸԺȥ
ŹˮƵȵƬҲס͸ĺ
ֻ꣬ѧ·һˣС־ͳ㣬
Ǽ丸ֱƣ꣬ǸʵСֶգִﱧҲ뱧
Ҳֻܵܵһʱද˶̫ˣַſڲ㣬ӳڣ·û߹
ѧ·ִڸĸǰΣ˵ѧԺһӶ߲·ˣִֻĹѧ·
߼ûʮأͺˡ
ִװŸ˵꣬൱ᣬΪؾܾ
㡭ֻȣˣ㣬㱧
ֻ֣ף⻹ûൽϵĵزռСıˣװֹԹɣʵʵ̫ɰˡ
ִﶯ˶ָûסֵһѣһԼָ⣬漴ü˵˲㲻ߣûԣ
㣬еֻʦִͨȲŲ˵Сͣزȡ
ҲִȻ൱ΪʲôһȳСӳҪˣһ˶СӾ군ˣǺص㲻ߣ͸վվϣҹŰץȥιǡ
ֻ£Ǹ޵ССͰЦ½㶪ֻίҸ߼У߶ģᡣ
аɣ߼ҿ˵ִ޿ɲɵ˵ǣ֣һһ߼˵
ŵܵ·ֱڴ϶Ӻͻ֪̾ۻ𣬺޲ϵժȥǲеģǿңҶɴˣҪһɲҾͻסˡ
ַ۾΢죬Ťͷĵᣬȴſڴؿ޵үô˵˵ˣֻҪˣȺõ´˶߼Ҳ⡣
ֱƿЦ֪ʲôֻ¡£඼е㷴ˣǵģŮǣʵ¡                        
лҪ˵ģϣϲ


 2 

ִǣֻһȣȵͷּҵѾڽǵΡ
ĸͯϱݼ޽ּҵģ꣬Ųֱ꣬꼰ʮˡ
ʱֱڼҶܵĵԴһĲ̫үʱֱ֪õˣҲӭͯϱš
ĸ֮һ壬ԸڸھΪûͱְ٣ͬ壬żҲھдȥЯŮΪ
»ûһ꣬ݷ˲Ŷȥ˵ʱŲĸ
ĸС¼ªңûǰӵԷҲԼ³һ꣬ĸѻŶȥȴªǰֳƬء
괺һĸѲڣȴ̺졣
ӱӦȥ¸СϿλȴŮĻһƬǱȵ䣬żĲá
¼ŮһŢ˫㣬϶࣬һľľؿŻأһȴû£֡
֪˼ҳԲݵţ̤ĵأĻ
Ϸţ˼Ҵǣ˴˻СǸСÿ޺ֹδ͵ƴź棬ĸűľˮϴŪ¡
СһҵǸȥ¿ŵƹŮǶ֣Ͼɫް;ȥδ۽ʪ󣬳̾һСŮ뻳˯һվݳǣŮ˵ּҡ
ʱ¶̫үж̫үҲĽµһǣ»Ҳľȼãʱ󣬶˵ý֤ڶͰĸּ̧ҵţǮƣС㹩š
ּҵ£֪һҲǵ˽֮ˣŮţûԲ˷ģ˾дĴֻŮѾߵѾߡ
ǵĸŵޡ
һδʱҲѮˣ⼸ּҺò׵һŮһǱ˿üΪҪʱﰭŴӷԸĻҽǴĸߵˣվȾͷţⲻһ·ӸСиʲôһ
ԶԶˣҲ˿ִֻСص㣬Сĵϵˮ
ּÿ궼Ҫݶоû©ˮ֮Ҳˡ
һ·ʮɣֻһĺˮСֶͷ϶Ŷĺһ߽ͰСӱ۵صⱳʪ˰ɣԹܿˡ
ִҡҡͷƣһҴСô˵ģСѧ·֪ٹӣݳǶҲ˳ֵĹˡ
ˣȥѰɣȻ͹ִĵþͲˣԸһ䡣
ĻɿתСȥˣɣõòˡ
￴ȥˣǣִ֣Сү͹ﶼйˣҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô¡
û£ִ֣׽Ǹͬ˯꣬չˣûι̣ĸ׵£ˣǰѶﵱģء
￴Цֱͷ֪
ݣѾϵ磬ִӣ⼸ˮ࣬еĪѶë綼ʰˣõš
ִѾǶûҪǹˣ֪ߵѾ˵Ȼǵðۣ֪͡ö಻ɡ
ݵѾߣҲ໥۵Ķ࣬һ١
ѾǶأִﲻΪȻӹһѾСݹˮڣЦëë̵Űɡ
˵ݣû߼˹޿
߽ȥƿƵˣ
бζϵַæִ֣ȥַŵУĸ׵£͹￴ȥ
˵ɥˡŮˣַҲԹˣ߿˵ˣˡ
첻˵ϼ䣬ͲִﲻΪȻ
ֱƺԩŮ⻰˵ãˣ
ǡִϵ֣ͬǷ⣬ôСܵۡ
漴̧ͷϵĺ⣬ñ軹ֻȻϷܲͲˣۣҲҪˡ
ŮһҲүŭˣФŮΪ룬ǶĻ
ҵĻִԼŪ˰գ׶Ӱɣýɣ˰ɣǲС檰գӲҵģҲҵģˣʲô¶Ƹңʵʵ࣬ͷ´ܽȥ
ֱֱ治ˣ治ˡôң඼ȲȥˣҪˣⲻТŮô㣬ҪҰ
ִǺЦͷվǰĶ̣ȥ
ﲻԣԻؿһۣȥˡ
ִƿӣֱƱ·š
Զ뷿үӾͳ鲻ֹֹţˮˡ
ɣִ֪ʲô඼Ȳȥ˵£ǺȲˣ˵˼ܳԼ룬¶ʮүҲȫɵ룬͹ģ
ǺǣǺǡҲʿˮڨЦѡ
Ҳүġ
ſˮүǶͣˣ๾һһ죬ŹʿˮҲǾˡ
ִԲŲĹ
Ҳǡ߳ࡱּһǸСڶʮȥˣС˸̬檣үԵƻˡ
ġЦصͷ
ҲǿˮҪˣַҲǿЦá
ŮζãһζֱƶĲ涼ˣſˮŮ벻ţŮ
Եˣ
Ե£Ե£
ûθڣ
ᣬᣡ
ˣ
ˣүˣϵһڰɣһڣһڡ
ԣִǰһݡ
롣үöҧԼˡ
ˡִ͵ջŵĸ׵ؿȻֵ࣬ٸ֣඼ûóԣͺȥɡ
үһŭͷŴֱѾͷҪ⣡ТŮⲻТŮûأ͸ҲТˣ
ִĵؿģͶ䣬˾Ǵ˵ĻǲФǲТϵҪǲúüʣʶʶִ˼ʱǷḻĴʻ
лҪ˵ÿһ
·ߣٴϣϲ


 3 

ү²߲·Ҳֵġ
ѸߣԷʱһԺִҲֵ֪жµĲÿղԼͲ̤ʵŶãʮ껹ûأִﲻûˡ
ֵʵʵִãСͰִۡŵڼûûС棬ˡİˮϯֵĴֵĹѵܣûôţѾĴ˵ˡ
ˣͻȥˡյļػԻû޺ãַŻȥޣŮˣүˣҲȥ
㣬Ҳȥ۰Ͱ͵ؿַûԵ룬ֱʿˮѡ
㰡ûϢַҡҡͷŵ֣ȥˡ
Ҳûãһϲһ
ַ˰ˣү۾ͱǡе룬عͷнӹеĲŵŮһϵˣ㿴˭㱸ױļױ
ףִ죬˵ˣһޣͰõǧĶˮҳԷƣָˣ
ˡү˵
ǰ赹ղ˵˵϶ģ˵軹е㴭˵ʲô˵ʲôˡ
ִÿһһϷϵƫͷҲǺЦҲ̲סЦȥ֣ˣ˰
ҪģҪģФŮˡү΢΢ƫͷһۣ˵ͲˣһҲУٶһھ͸һǧĶɽõĸ㣬㿴Σʹòʹã
ѽִװ죬ɽҲ綨øҵָˣ
ֱɲԴΣʲôʱ˵Ҫˣû˵ȻһûϺͿأڿң
ʱ߲ˣɲȡ
ִӹѾ߶ףûںԲԣֻ⣬ǳⲻɡ
˵žŮ֣һ𣬿˵԰ɣϵʵŰˡ
ִﱻ˵һ㶣漴عҲǿɥŮԣ˵ˣҪٲ⣬ҾҪûˣҲҰɣŮС
үҲǳصģŮＷҲϵ˫һ⣬ŮСָ̧ûᣬè޺ӡ
ִƲ죬㻹װ
ү淢ţʱǳͻͱⲻһٲ룬һ춼ûðģ²ʳˣÿնţ̵ǽΪˡ
ڣһٷƭԳԣŮʯĳΪ
룬ŮһȦСүҲǲ̡
ڴϲܶȫΪżҲÿлҪǲǴӣĵĳԵ˿ԳˣׯʲôҲֻСһܣ°ҹļū˸㡣
ΪýǼūʱʱˣ˽´ǲӡ
⺢ӣǺõģġ
װˡүͷ̾˿žͷŰɣٰ
԰ɡִһֹˣιϵࡣ
üʱϵźɵֻǿŶѣʵֻһһϺִ꣬Ƕ£Ҳۡ
ûһᣬֻͱﱧˣ鼫õĻСӰڸ׵ĴߣôιͬԣԼھͰǽֿԵĸԵһؽųġ
ֱƿŽǰԵĶӣʵʱҲôˡ
֪ٴ˵ˣܵΪ˰Ѷӹ̸ϧųϸǶƣھҪѵһ١
ǿŮĸŮָ˸ܵܣֱʲôˡ
ȷʵСǻö겻ɡ
뼰ү񲻽Ϊ֮һ񣬼Ůеൽˣӱ۾ͺһ룡
ִЦӦǣعͷѾȥ̲ס̵ϸߡ
һ룬ҲСӴʳԡ
**
ֱƳִ֪Ľѹʳﰾִ࣬˵˻Ựۼֵ˯ˣʾﱧͬ˯˵Сֶոһͬȥ
ʱղ֪ʷϵЩɳĳ֪ЩҪִ࣬Ŀǰ˽ġ
ڵݾӵһֻغܶ꣬ʵʵһ꣬ʮĶҲĴͷϻѹźüλĵү
ĽϴݣɳֻǱ΢Сһ㣬˵̶ֳȲݲϼ֡
ּҵĵũȻҲͣһҪܵʮĶ꣬һϾϼĶĺ˵ͶģֻҪӹÿԣҲ಻ʤ
ӺùҲ˶뷨ɳ˼һ߸Ҳִ࣬ڵݣһӳţݳǶﲻˡ
ֵּģһүʮ檾һһŮģ治
µһҲݵһ檼ֻϵ࣬ʮڱδϣڽ
ִһȥһͣСףСңССĳƺһ޶ĺӣˣ֧ͷݲҵĺӡִͺʵڵ˰֣СһСССĴ˼ұȻˣҵĺӵô㣬סҲû
ϵ֮ŵһӣְ˺ü꣬һѪԵֵܼңǵҪĳң߸ãҲǹҪǮ˵Ķ࣬ܰæ١
ϵһּҹùûּɥô취ҲҪô֣ûǵġ
ЩִŹܼĴߣûѻϵ
ִ֪ϸҪôһߣҪּҵĲֹּּˣǼҲһߣԲ
ּҵȲͷϵǼλּеĶϵȵҪ⼸Ҵ󲿷ݵطࡣǾ࣬ÿ껹ҪѺϾϽϵȴ׵ڸУǼֹȻ͵ġϵһơң⼸Ե˵Ʊּˡ
ǰ棬Ӿǻϵ˵˾мõһ˼ҵңִÿ쿪ʼָټױ
ÿ춼Ҫһϵ̵ԺȨȨϵĳıϡִҲѾʼ룬ϵҪˣһ٣ҲѮмҵСȴֻһ˵Χǻƣܻܲһǳ޴⡣
лҪ˵лл:
duanduan1
С1
Ī1


 4 

ү˯ѣȥִŷԸ׵ǿ
ӷġǿŴС˵ӣҲǺЦ
ǿҲǼͣҲصطԸԻչ˺ү
Ҳ֪С˾ͻ᲻ˣҲˡ
ڴڼʣүЩͷĵ˶ɳȥˣֱߵĶǸˣ֮ǰǴûչ˹үһεģҲִﲻġ
һү΢ܸһ˶ɳȥ
һ֮ڴּʮĶǼ˾ܴõģ¼С¾ˡ
үһչĹܼûٴڼˣҪȥүܴ֮£ֱƲԼǰȥҲģǰԼ˶ߣҲгֵãźľʹӸˡ
ֱƷԸִԴӼнٵļūиүѡģЩǴǵĺ󱲡
ѡĶǿ֮ˣЩҲæˣִϾִ˴ģžǼūҲܰõôף͸Щ˶˵㣬ǼӰѡ
ִ㵱һˣ䴩ĵңҲϲǮˣҵʵǰȥˣּұĲ࣬Ǯ࣬Ҳͺܰĵؼ̳һã֮󣬹һǮͻǮ񫡣
ҲǰӵľѲ˸ϵ
ִǱǮġ
ǰĸСƲԼҵķӳӴСܵȥˣѺڳ˷ʡ
һձҵСķóʲôʣĸܵܵǴ󷽣һֻøĳԷǮѧѣĶûУòʲôǮ
ģǷķ⼸ʮҲҪ
ִֻȥ˽ǮཻЩҲ׼ܵѹ׵ѹǮ׼ҪһϿ¡
Ǳһ˵ѸǮˣȥһͳһǷһ֪ˣĹڻƼҲ˵һͱˣһƨɾ̵һ
ϱΪǮ̫ԩⱲһаյˮϯִǮÿζЦѵġ
ֱҲ˵ľʶʣ˵ܵܣּѵǼҲǴ̳˵ģּҵжܳһɣױܳҲһеİɣȥϾʱ˵»ֵѾ͵͵˽Ǯ˲ٲҵˡ
ŵ˵ЩǶ棬Ҳ˵ġ
ĵĵ̫ͬˣǶģִҲˡ
ںһˣܻҪŵ㣬֣µ㡣
ţͷİաǿ꼸СˣԺſڡ
ұȥǡûˣͿڵ
̣ȥ˿ڲڣڵĻͰѻ͹ȥǹģЩûӵǶǸ죬ﶼ٣˵С۵ӣûԼĺӣϲԼǰĵ
֪ˡӰԵ˵㣬Ҳǲģ˵˻ͷֵǴóԣСԺԣ
ֻүǷҲǲҩȫˣԴ֮Ҳ˭ֻͬͷסԺҲͬ
ˣסԺֻǰᵽһͨ˵Ĵ󷿼
һ÷ʱǶգ䣬ּҵĸ˴ʱҲǸԸġ
ִǽϵܸܵԺַһԣʱҲǻһȥһ١
һ쳤²ˣׯϻᰴʱϼҲֵ࣬ģִͽһϴóԡ
ڴӹܼңǰҲû䣬ǽǰּҵĹأԼԾһóԣһ˶ʮˣǼشİÿܰʮˣһҲкüʮ²ˣҪüܲڶϴ
СԺ԰ɡҲǸԵģִҲΣϵҲ̫ˣ檳ȺЩ檱òæŸɼܶݣǳĵĵһǳʲôڶʲôֻֻģֱǳ׵Ů
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 5 

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 6 

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 7 

ַǸʵˣѾ߰飬֮һнּңܼңӲܼеǮҪʲôֵǮһʲҲῪʹ˼ӦҪͲᡣҲûױԺܸŮģҲ׸ļ飬ļ軨
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С1
celia1
lwemaily1


 8 

ѾȥзˣڣһţȰܵҲУ̫ˡ
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ִһңǵļﶼˣּǰδеĺ˵еĻ˻ֹһΣϼҴڵ˺üˡ
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ЩַſڣʲôöȱҪʲôֻҪ̫ĶУҲ⣬ҲͱаһЩ
ǵڷǳȥǵ
ʱ򣬾ͲǽһܣһԷˡ
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ӣȥүǣͷҸȹ
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ŮܵһͿʼˣ̵ְֵֽģֵǲֹһ˵ҪӸжá
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 9 

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һŮϲ񣬺޲챧еһ㰮С̵ְֽģֻҪһ̾͸ܾһŮչ鲻ܳþôּңܸġ
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ΪλԼ˲١
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лҪ˵л
1
1


 10 

Сֻͷ棬۶ۣСӴͷһСͷҲһӽĲӸǱӽ㡭
ӽûǰѣ޾Ϳޣᣬզ
ɶ
СӵСͯǮں߶»˻ãġ
ģ
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Сӱޣһ󣬸ĿΪҡͷ𲻿ޣ𲻳󣬻ȥ
ʱʱ̼̿ǵǸִֵҲеСᡣ
ֵ֮ǰҹҹʹҲܹס첻⣬ΪּңΪΪСֵܡ
С̫ˡ
ôˣִǮࡣ
Ǯأֻһµģһ£һ¡
ǮѧС˵ƣѧһ£һ£ֻʣֲϵˡ
ִ￴۾ֱ鲻ѡ
ǾܵܵСǰգ
ᣬִ￴С׵ðߵСʿˮ
ȷʵܺӡ
˵ִһֱۣһǾһô󣬻޳ɿ񣬿ŮŤͷߣвһǾһŮ֮˵ͷˣҿ˵۾˵ûأŮӣᣬв
˴ͷһμ棬һѮˣһ꣬СĲŴǸĽź˲㲻Ů֮𣬳ּ֣֮Һô֡
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ִñСˣҪĽЦãʹȥ
˵˵˼СӲԸ·ˣͷɷŲҳ㣿
飬ûάסյ蹦ء
ŮˣСŮˣҲƱ䡣
**
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һҪֱƽٷģһţһŶٲˣ¾ԡ
ȻСϵú޲ҧԼѪ
СӣְֱֺޣҰȺ޶ˣˮ࣬кȸûһؿСӳ࣬ҪװԼܺúȵӣүҲû˵ˡ
ֲֻܸǰʱգȫѪһĴŮΪ˱վӣвʵʵģܰʺһҩֻСֶÿֻһٷǶٷֻһϡ࡭
ټСֶӣֱƶˣҲ̫ұŷ˱Ů͵ʲôˣĺˣûĵĴŮ˵ó͸ɵó
ӳˣֵЦⶼִű߿Ҳˡ
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ڣֵѾʼ˵Щֻ˽İˡҲ˵ˣֻҪЩֵĶԺЩԺȥ˾ǣʹȥá
ЩȻЩùĶҲΣգȷҲǮ࣬Ǯ죬һĲҵ
ʮ꣬ڷ⽨ĸѾǰĸûĽǮִײ˵ٺûãǮǴӣ顣
ֵֹһζ˵ҲĻִﶼҪϸֱ֪仰١
ֵĽԺİţ仰
ϸ׷ɣӲʯǰͷ˸ڵһۣͷƹԻͣ룬Ҳֵ֪ж㡣
һΣĲָҲ͵ܵܣֻ֪ԼʲôʲôҪȫϣүͷܹȫĹ
**
ִȥַ˷ղţĸߵСھӣΪֻ˴С
ʹưͣǳˣû˽ˡ
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СЦô⻰̫ЦˣЦͣӽʱڶϲ˵ӣĪҪඡ
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СǰԺһԺСͷ죬˵Ҳˣɷ¹ŶʮˣҲǸСء
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ˡ
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ȥȥִҡҡͷ㶼ûأȥš
УǷˣӣҾȥˡ
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ĸؿ΢ЦŵŮ׶Ĺ⡣
ûһĸ׵ˣԼ׹⡣



 11 

ܿ챧ֻˡ
Ǳǿͻġ
ִ˽ȥǿظү˵СҲĸס
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ûˡ
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ġִһ¾͵
ѹø˿ӣ˶ӣ૵컹䣬Ҳǽĺʱ򡣡
ǰɣִﵭŻ۾СϹΣСҲ֪ӽԶˣСŤĻ
κﶼѱ
ҩûЩ¶ܵģ˰ɣǺãһʱʥĸһʱˬˣȴ˲˵ĳá
ǳԵҩСӣС˸ĸĲ̰ԣּҪӵĴۣ޷ӱܡչǽ֮ȸǿˣԼҩ죬Ժֵ·⡣
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ҲáַҲû
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á
ĸŮ˵꣬С˵סҲԶ߼͵ˣ롭
ʱű죬ֻ治֪˭ڱԹ̫ҪҲ֪ӵֶŮһűߵĹùãһǧױޣָǽɽɽ𣬵͸ͷǮ񰡣һϰ˴ӣͭ嶼ûҲһھô
ܻĴǽˣĸŮſпȥ˹
ҲԼĻſڿȥ֪ոҪǮﳳܳӮûС
**
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޼ҲżֻҪȥ˲ۻ֦ȥˣȥ޼һ԰˾͸ˣÿ궼ɽ˺
޼Ҳ˸
޼ҵ幫ӣҲ޷˵ӳģʹˣֱƲֹһθִп޼ҲǺôöӡ
һ԰һһ˼ԴҲҪȥһֻһɣ޼Ҳ޵⣬ÿ軨Ӵѡ
޼ʸ軨Ķõó裬ӲǵŮܳҲڳ赽޼רŸ컨ĵزܰᣬܸйأִ룬ȥһˡ
ҪȥĵطǾǣ˵Ǽ޸һٵҡִҲӼеĶĿ֪һ㣬ǴҲȷʵǴ٣ƷľҪְ
һ㲻ãȢޣ˵ÿһӶǱ
֪֪ǲ֪
ִӵĽ鲻òȥҲ뿴һǸʲô
޼⼸꣬мŮѾкüŮˣͷһ˹УǼҪ޵ǵĵ
޼ҵ·ӣԽԽҲԽԽҰˡ
ӣһ˵ҪȥһᣬСѾʹŴѾǷ䵹񣬰ִĽ˿ȹˡ
ִһѾߴȥҲ
˵ҴȥҪޣ߳ޣָָǼֵǵĽ˿ȹȹӱ˵ףҲص׺òã
ʮѳȥǳȥ͵ģǳȥģ
ȥôһѹ꣬˽Ǯ⣬洩ģô
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ִָָԶǸӣָȹȹӿƤˬһʮŮӴӣҪȥҺþˡ
ǲ˵㣿СѾȥ̫⡣
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ء
Ա͵ЦСҧ䣺СѾѡѳ󡣡
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СѾ޺޵ذһۡ
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쵽ҪȥСӣǰԺƹ¾˹ִȥǰԺһˣ˵ּҵùùˡ
ү߸öŮܵܣֱֱͬĸҲү裬ôָĹϵҲãǳ١
ȻֱƷδȻӣҲʹ˷ǲָġ
ֻһֱֱ˼⼸ŮΪͷİӣͱɳ̽·ˡ
ùҲ٣סͬһǣִĴĹùһָ
˵ּҵ⼸޳ȥӶģҲǸСòҵûһ
ù˵Ҳеŵڣǰʮع٣ϻʱʥϵļνСط˵Ҳеˡ
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ִֵ֪Ǹ㶨仧£һӺͽĶҲǾ˸ݵĴˡ
ҵү͹Ӷڿƾٵ·ϣ˵Ҫߣǲõйϵָġ
ǿޣӣһ˰뱲ӣһҲʮˣҲûţٵʸûС
˵ֱּͬǷ֮ͬ˺ݵѧʮ䣬ּӲûˡڳ˵Ĺϵ̫ãǮƣͲˡ޼ңôڳΪ٣Щ֮ˣʥϿǵ϶Ҫ޼Ҷӵ
ִҲǼҲּҵЩ˲ǮˣҲûҳ˵ҳ˷˵ֵˣһҲûС
ڣ֪ùǲҲʲôָġ
ִǰԺߵʱùڿŲ裬ɫشһȦú̴ľƵΡ
ּǸ̴ľģ͵ķ⡣
ޣּҲֻǧޣһŶûУＸμ                        
лҪ˵쿪ʼ˫


 12 

ִղȽǰԺţȺǵļƹµӣˡ
ƹеᣬѮǰԺָĴ󣬶⼸λܼҴֵģ⼸Ҳ˲£ϹܼһȥָҲӦ֡
Ǹֶܼӡ
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߶ﵹݣûߡ
ִҲ֪˶ãֵҲҪĺˡ
ĺ֮ǰϹܼҵĶָһͬߣϹܼҵĶ̫б£ūϧˡļͶ˵Ķӣ̫ʺּˣ½СˣĵϼūסˣҪ¨ӣǳȥ߱·
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ǵʱҲ࣬Ҳƹˡ
ּ֣֮ͬҶЩ˺ƽʱҲ˿ǰҲ̫ӵļӣƹ½СѾλվСؽӵѾһūСӣڶǵţ´Ѿڡ
ùúþûˣҲˣ࿴˼ֵۡ
˼ǸˣǶּĶ뷨ġ
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ñҲŵֱˣּҵһǺáΪô˵ҪǷּҵǮôԹּҵŮȥ
ֱƲΪ˶ӵѾ˽һˣҵѾͿմ룬滹£
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廹ǲףܼˣҲûֱǸ˾﷢˵ĸ磬ʻҪһġ
ǣеǷܼ硣ִǸؿãһȥͻ棬ùõУˡ
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ùˡ
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Ȼȥִһϲԣ΢Ц
ˡõͷƲǵʱվ𣬸ʥ𣿡
ִЦŵͷʱͺˣùĪҪġ
ǾͺãһҾͷˣֲصҪǲУҲǰǴкҲ֪ģҲһˣһˣʱǰ˵仰ͺá
ִЦŵͷǡ
ûж˵ִ˵˼Ҫߡ
ִţõʱúȻعͷľĴÿȥ̾޼Ҹ£ȴûּ֪֮Ƕˡ
ִһӾ֪ΪҲǸͬĸĹù׽ˡ
ҪǶֻ䣬һһھ֮ˡ
ùãִﲻֵ֪ôѵùõģһ⻰Ͳصһĵذ壬źľƳɵӣּҸˣȥ޼Ŷûȥ޼ҵʮûȥ˰ɡֶŮ
ִᶨطּҹùߣ޼ҵĵשʯĥɵģһ鶥Ǽһӵľשȥǧ˵޼ҵĸԽˣҪ޼˴ֶŮҲȲ㡣
ִϸ˵꣬Ҳ߳ȥˣɿõ֣¶ŭ΢΢Цŵùԡ
лҪ˵һ


 13 

Ѹߣһǲ֮ǰܵףԶִּ֪ҵĸϻǵˡ
һңһǿӲˣųŵ
ȻŸĸ棬ֵңִҲ֪ҵΪʲôʱˡ
ֵ£˵꣬һ˴Ź¼Ҷܱʮȥˡ
ִﵱȻ£ͦϲֵİš
һ׵ģŮѧһı²˵ʵȨ֣ݳǵļҶܡ
ǷڿŵִǺټ顣
ⲻʲôɵ£ִﶷ־
ɫõˣǰݺݵصִһֹۣ˾䡰С֮Ļǰ˵ּɫޱ䣬ԼҴӵҡͷʾ£ǿסߡ
ּǰǻͷȥԺ
ǻͷʱּƸֱƱ֮£ǾС
ү۾ûֻһЩ꣬޼ǣּҵЩү˷ҵĵطҵĽƱء
̧֣չһʹָϧˣǾǵȵҲòҪġ
ֱƵļҲƣֻĶŮҪǵòҲȾָһ
ҹҹֱʱʬ֮ؼڹǱּңүȥ붫һˣŽλȥٻء
ڹǽӹүǼţ뻳кֱǺܲʵˣսͷ˼С
ͷǧıɽɽдɽͷӡ
š
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ʮһʮһ磬ִȥ˽ӻܰɵס˵˼仰ĿҶһԼֵƳ̵һЩϸڡ
ҪүѪҪһ죬ܰ˵Ҫȥᣬ˵ϸڣ治ɫԸǿ˵ֻүˮˮǰˮҲٸĿҲǶ˶
ǲڸڡ
ּŵĴүһģǵѽ
ӣǿҲӦǿܰһҪ޼ӵĻᣬʱظ
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үȻҪŵһѪˡ
Ŷ֪ȥǣҵȻ˻ȥǣͳˡ
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˵ҵǰգִ֪Щֵʵеɵǵˮ©ӵһ˸û취Ʋס˵Ϲû¶˵뻳ʲôͲˡ
סֵķӣҲڼ￴ֵβܴҲ˵ҩ⼸ռֵվҲֻվһվվǲܵġ
¸³һԶˡ
Ѿ²ˡ
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ԣһģ˰۵ιʳִ飬ӣһôȥѧûأ춼а˶ˡ
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ǷѪһһض˳ţǻ궼Ҫûˡ
šַ˵ͷбǲѣŮûһӣҲ˵㡣
βԺȻҲС濴һ㡣
ָѾߣʯŮδޣѾѮָһָûбˡ۾̫üԴ˿ûкͿָĹţִģѾҲЩηǶһˣ˭Ҫһ㡣
ָ࣬ѾҲ̫ˡּҵĻԺؽƸģֶ֮һñ£Ҳ࣬ԺѾ߾ǸμǰԺûлӦΪǱ˴Դף伥ȷǵպ޵ˡ
һÿζⲻѾ࿴ҲֻÿѾָ˵ų
Ȼͽȥ˵ˣȻҾ͹ȥ˼ҡ
ַ˿еǶĲĴ
šִûʲô˵ˣӦ˻ĸһᣬ
ߣַסŮ֣Ůͷ۾˵ǿȥֻŮЦûµģΪǴƴ֮аȶζҲȻ¡
ǡִһЦЦȻֻܹס죬ɱ̰˶ġ
ַ˿ŮЦţȴһʹ
֪ŮΪʲôշҪȥ
ֻȥˣ˲벻үڸҩβһ
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ѡҲٺòһģůˣչ˳ĴУ໶
ִСֻǰŵĵĶѭѭգȻҪ˵˼ˣСѾǣҪԶ֡
ǣŹ𻨸⣬ֱ׳ʹҴˣ˵ˣ˵Դġ
СŵҲίӣҵҲ˵ˣûҪʹΪβʹϵҲ˵ˣǸ㣬Ϊġ
˵Ȼô
̵ĶʲôűСµѾôײУִֵ˿ĸѾˡ
СѾִͷۣŶСѾȥ˵ǣҸ
СѾЦءһͷСֻ˵ȥˡ
ᣬҵĵŮͷ޼޷ϥµްִĪҪĴʹѾգ
Ѿָ׳һѾ߳Ѿߴ󣬻ܳԣ˵һܳϴ裬Ҳּ˼ңѾߡ
ްԣת˰죬ЦŻһ䣺˵ôʹ
лҪ˵Ķꡣ
лл֣
ֵؿ1


 14 

ݳɳǣ´ʮ֮߶ݣ޼Ϊ׽ϵĵһͰ컨ᣬѣһǻûطżأ޼Цӭˡ
һ԰Զ޼վ·ָ·һּҴӵˣСȥ֪˴£ոӭ͵ĴСŹˡ
Ҽ˽ôģҶǹȥģ޼ҵλ¼ּҴӣҲϲ˭ЦӭҲ󷽵ּҴӡ
˵ˣ˵˾ǵǵ˼ңǿ֮ңܺ±ö֮һ˼ҡ
ּү뵶ҵĻԼݣ֪˶˵ۡ
޼ܵµģĿҲУּҴӸļҶ˵޼ָ·ּҴˣߣСľ͸·죬ǿЩǣãĪִӵ·ˡ
ͣ¾ֶˣڣִԱ߿˿СѾŶ찡
޼ǰһ£ǽȥչ档
Ǹģִߵա
СѾЦͷǵģӣԿá
ǸüҶ
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ڲ˵СѾҲ˼
⼸ˣܵõúܣΪʡ˲¡
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ּ⸻ȦûʲôЩִҵǼ棬ΪάҲǶսļѣսʤĴͦࡣҲСʲôǣһװų˸ǶʱҲᱻ۷¡
ںöӲ࣬ÿһμ棬Ҳȫۻᡣ
ִһȥõԭվǰʾ⣬޼ҵް˸ҵ˶ˣûۡ
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ִʮ꣬˵Ǿϵȵ˼ˣԭĽȴʡִﲻһ
Ī˵ִַĵŮּҵģͳּΨһǸŮҲһҾʮŮͬ
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ԭˣ۾Բɣ죬ģ
أ˵Ǻ
һƴҲ۵ġԭȴü
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ֵԭǣСɽýͣǹ˴ȥɱһͷ
գվڻʵյԵСɻС϶󻹸̧һͷһֵ˵ʱźµĵСɴһԾ£ϵĹⶼϣֵʱؾã콵Ӣɣ⽵µСӢŮġ
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Ҫ˵գӼʵչֽ׳ǵʱֵǰͣǲŪŹ֡
ϵĹⶼˡӴͷ̫˰ɣ
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ֵСĵ⣬ȫڵĳޣִʵ޸УûˣֵĿУҲҪܳġ
˭Ǽޣ뾩ǽĶ˼Ķĵظִ⼸ѸĲƲתƹȥǮķϣִﻹͦԸȥǵġ
ּһҪܵܵģҲܸ̫ˣʡּҵЩȳ涢ĲƲš
ִﲻ̫ϲֵǸСɣ¶ˣǸɵӣҲüƯ˵˵֪Ķţ˫ȫǸТء
ִЦһ˵ԼŵĹԭе㲻˼Ϊոǰִӵδګګͺãͺá
ʱߵ˻ˣѱȴٳٲް˾ű̽ˣҲִЦ˵ŸԭĻʱؿ˿ڣ˫ȫأԶھǣû￴İɣ
˸ҵŮݸִһģްŮִ˵Ҫ˼ŵ㣬Ҫʱֻط˸ۣǸ׳հɣҪܸܿҵŮɣ
ֵһŶȥˣһ󣬿˾ͰθڳԲ·˭ҸȢҵŮҲȢˣһ¾͵ÿˡ
˵˶Ƕ⻰һִﻹмֵǮҰɣ˵ǰݣүӻΪǼʯԼҵճﲻɣ
ŮҲóϣӣʵ̫ư
϶һ޶ĳɹˣʱ˭ܸһ߻ۣ͸󿴵أ
лҪ˵æȥˣдڶˣһ¡
лλ
lwemaily1
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ѹ·1


 15 

ԸôģǸʳСδôˣȻûϴǮˣִôñͷ۸˵Ļһ䣬Цؿ˼ңֱ˳üۣŲŲæصӣ˼˵*󽫾ĵճǸ׳գ
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 16 

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СﵭЦҡͷ
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ҲֹЩСҲϲﻹǵСʱСӱ۵СӱĲӣԹɽĿɰģ
ˣϲҲ֪ˣòãʱʱҪʺ򼸾䡣δظ˱ֻ֮СڶһѾߣĸ԰ÿĻ߸
죬ֻҪּС룬ÿظ
ǵ֪СҲҲڷǵһСӳǰĻС鷳
Ȼȥˣȥ޷һײȥȾ˺ɰĵĸⱭԼѾߵ
޷ϲĵˡ
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 17 

Се㱾£ڹһûүͷһθС棬Сɻǿġ
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 18 

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ǿҹľף֪ΪΣһִĸˣͷҹȥ뿴ҹǲضĺ
ֻǣһƬҹУֻ಻ϵϸ껹Ʈš
ӣ
ͽȥ
ǿĽִعԽżȽӡ
һݣб溮µĿѪůһִÿһľԽĳ
ͺÿһţĿĳۡ
ǶܻףǴһĺӰȫ
лҪ˵컹һֻҪһ㡣
зǳлλСӵĿ󷽣
allqo1
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 19 

ִߵǰŶˣһ˴أһץץһֻȵĴ֮󣬵£Ǳһᵱ͹
ֵźŽٺҡ
ӡһޣں׼µǿ˽;ˤ˸ͷ
ûû£ִͷΪЦ˵ë
ԸԸˡ
ЦŻͷĵƹ⵱ӭֵĳۡ
˫⼷ýССһۣʱдȱ
Ů̫ˣ絽Ҫһ̡
ڴϵҹҹֱôһ졣һΣ¶źˣŮͶӣ˿ɿ˱ǺΣߣҲߵðġ
ܻǵ׵ĶŮߺϽһΪǲԺ󣬵ѾͻȻҪöˡ
ֱһ˶춷ģԴ֮жŮգҲҲ޺ˡ
ŮһˣҲǺõġ
ֱƴҲ˸÷ˣķ˸˺ŮŮЩĽ֮飬֪˺νĸʲôŮϵ⡣
ɾˣ᲻ߣؿһ
۰
ִ￴ֵۣ˻ȥůţЦ˵㶼֪Ҹոա
ոԼԼˡ
˵⣬ȼ˼ƻˣЦֹˡ
ȫŵֻȵģ͸һɲȻĽӲ
ֱƽؿŮͻȻɴۣоۿҲˡ
ȥУ
ִѻعͷǿǴ󺰣֮ĿڲĿ־塣
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̫ܰˣֱƿŮתǿ־۾ͣһ̣Ҳˡ
һỬ۾ͣΪյŮϡ
ߵ̫ˣҲûŮʹʧֿףͷʹŴӣҵģķ˱޵ʡ
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үճ벻ãָ¶æһˣҲݵòˣúõһ׵СӣնȥˣģĪ˵˿ܣҲĲ̡
ˣִԣĳһڣ˵ˣҪϹˡ
ǰҲ̾˿ָѹ̫ˡ
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ҲϻĻڴӴЦ۾ֹˡ
ִҡҡͷ١
λλߵġ
λ߾һλô࣬ҪǶù
ֵʱ͸˵˵Ůпᣬ˸̣ܻĶүѡġˣˣǵıͭǽֱͣĵӻҪݣҪҪӲ˼ңݲ˼ң͵øϽͷͷ͵õ͵͵ģǲİ취
ִԽߵĻ˵Ǿû£ǾҪβˣŰб˶ռˡ
ǡҧҧֻܵðЩˡ
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꾰Σֻ಻ٵġ
ӣ
ִԳһЦҲǣŻðֵ˶ðҪʮֵʮһ£ˡ
ܼҲܻš
ɣִ￪˿ڣѽİ˳ϣٵĳ˵꾰ãֻЩϡ
ǡһһ
ڻʹҲӦյ˽ϽϢˣּҵʱѹϣʹҲּ֪Ǿˡ
ܼһɣִȴ̲Цһ⣬Ͼȼʵʵ㣬ٰɴ
棬ּ߰˳ɵģʱĽ߸Уܾûּҵλˡ
ͷģˣһҪﶪͷִ絶
ӡһµĲͣҲǰͷæ˵ҲȻͷү
ҲãϹܼһεͷִҲ֪Լʧ̬ˣʱǼеĹǣҪˣһ˵øŵ漴ǳǳһЦûôˣ常ǵʧķҲܺõ㡣
常Ҳ̫ƻˣǱˣ괺ֵͷεµֵɱˣǲ֪֪Ϣ֪ҵ˲ɿ֣Ǳһȵֵˣ͸ǽ˿ˡ
ںһǽָء
һּҵүüͷҪµ峤ּǼҲ챻߶ˣ˵ǸľָļҲơӣ²ܹϢү֮ǰ˼Ҳ˼ֻҪһ춯Ǽɡ
һնƣϾɱ
ֱǽϵһƵļһƣùϱģɲǸˡ
ҪǸˣҲʮ
֮ǰûֱֱܵܣҲͻȻڼУԷҪ֪Ҫǣһʱ֮ҲûҵƵİ취Ůǣֻܽ£պ¡
ȱ𼱣ٿִֵ֪ǽ˲º֣Ҳֵ֪ļ˼
ּﲻɱһɱһǲΪֵҲΪΪֵΪֵѾ˼˵ֵ޺Ҳֵ˼ҵ游
ǣġ󣬵κ¶ӵģΪ֪֮֮󸣣һεָܼһҪָ֮ڣΪ価ҵһ̵ġ
ܼҵ֮ǰСƵģڶˣִҲΣЦۿŴܼң壬ǿҳģǾ͸ǰһɡ
˶٣ֵֵûˣҾһ۰ҵˡ
̧ỨۣЦŴܼңͱԶˣһ׽Ҫһֳҵ۰ˡ
Զݲѣ
ᣬԶɳĵҾСطյһš
ֻţѾõǷ⡣
ڴǷСӻдûǾм游дļš
дָүδСӵĸʮš
ͷһߣʹеǷ⽭Сд֮ŻϵһдлСɾ֮ѩѩǧ֮󡭡
лҪ˵ûˣһҪҸʱλСӵԻˡ


 20 

ֱͷһַﶼˡ
Фǰ˵ҹ죬ִ˵ʱ˵ӣִ￴˵۾̧΢̾˿
ǵԺֵѾϸˣ⼸꣬ҲһֱܷǸϵҲ˼
ֵ֮ǰҲȷԸ˵ҲֻҪߵģߺ󣬾ŷǳȥ
ִΪһԽˣǿ϶ΪЩָס˶ɳⷽҲ㿪ţǳȥҪҸ˼޹Ҳ¡
ִڷ֮ǰǶ˵䣬Щ֮ǰû˵׵Ķ˵ˣҲͼġ
СС;ͽָָССҲסЩʳİӣȥ˾δˡ
ФΪͷһִ˵ģҲǹƽʱǸӣյǰ˸ڣò֪˵ʲôźˡ
ִ̾ȥФߣͷЦգգۣôͻȻˣҳѽ
Ф͵úģʱ䶼ˣӻЦУĪҪ˵
̧ͷ˵ѽִ֡
ָĵһӣЩǺӣҲϲЩǺܲġ
ҲûۣҲ֪ҲǸ׽ġ
Ф̧˵ͷϵĺϻδʣβŲͣŲţǣǻȥþûȥˡ
ִ֪ܶǣ̫˽ɢˣЩ׵ĶѾ͵͵Һˡ
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ǳȥҪǹͨӣϸŹһʮڼʮ궼ǲġ
֪Ҷִ֪ٲִҲԼﻵˣ˵ַţֳЦһ¡
ФﱻذҲ֪˼ġ
Ҳǣ⸮ûү֪£ҲûдӲ֪¡
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ҲãҲãȥûлͷ·ߵġ
֪ФᶼˣûôɵĪҪġ
ã֪ͺáִ˵ҲѹϾôˣҲǼˣҪǣĿûвᡣ
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мֻ̧ţûֵйһָҲ̫ˡ
Ф￪ͷµףָ̧ȥ˺üﲻףִ￴ʱִǲү𣿡
Ҫָһӵүûˣǻз˰
ִ׹ģҲ֪ôشûкӣָǴȥġ
ԣҲЩ˻ģˣһҲ͹ȥˡ
ĽûУҲܰЩ
ŷ˰ɣүˣЩһҲкüˣڴϣҲָ˲٣˵žҪҲߣˣԷ
ʱ򶼵ųԷأִҲЦǣϽĪҪڴ͵ˣﶼҺüˣʲôʱȥֻ
ګګģȥ
ȥַˣ֪˲ñң֮ǰòþ˵ķһӾͱ˺ܶ࣬޶а׷ˣﲻ֪ΪΣһͷһЩķ˾ͱ᲻
Ҳ֪Լôˣڷ˴૵ַˣˣôˣǰռ㻹úõģôͼͱˣ
ףúõķˣôһӾͱˡ
ַ˿벡룬þͺã޾Ϳ޵ĹҲ΢΢Ц
ɵɵҲгո
ôָĸ
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үס˸ִڹһЩ˾˺Ǳ꣬гһ˦ִ˵ȥɱǡ
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ߵֻضڹ˵ǹ壬Ī
㵱Ȼ㡣ڹǼСǸӣҲΣĵүˣ⺢ӣ㶼
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ֵ֣ò̫ˣСӡ
ִڶҲˡиʱܰοԼͷϻиֵΪڷ絲꣬СӲ͵Ҳżһֻ۱һֻۣڵûˣҲãСֵҲãõԼǷ
㲻ȥҡִﳯСֵգգۣѻǻȥòã
ֻҧҧС촽һᣬ˵ȥˣ㲻ˣ
ˡ
ǻȥ
СֵܹԹԵģµִһ㸺θҲûУ˿ĺˣֵһӦȥǣߣؽ̻ȾǷüˣ˵ǲǻ
ǻ۽ֻԥصͷ
ǻҪǵĳԵģǵӣ˵ǲǻ
ǣֻ¾͵ͷСˡ
ǻҪǳȥǵǵļҡ
βִ˵ֻ꣬ȭͷһķŭϲǣҪǳȥ
ּƸǵֻ⻰Ϲܼҽһģ
ʱҲСôԺô죿ָԺô죿
лҪ˵лλСӵĴͣ
ˮ1
ҹǰ1
duanduan1
1
֦1


 21 

ִ￴˺Ϲܼһۣ΢΢һЦ
Ҳ֪⼸ܼҶֵܵĵģãСӱϾ̳ѧǿ͸Ľ£СӻܱıԣҲǲ򵥡
⼸꣬Ҳûٽ
Ӹ˵ִܵܵġСӻ£Ҳỳ
ڼǴԽʿʲôûֵЦǸʱ򣬰ֵ˵࣬һΡ
ģһ죬õĳɳʽ
ǲֵˣûôԶҲûôмʶҲΪˣСֵܵһ㡣
ܵҲɡ
ִ׵ֻܵܵԶһ·Ǹ߸˵ǣŵܵܣһû׵ܵȥǻǰܷϴ
ּҵЩûָҲûָѪԵˣЩʮ֮ŰҲӦá
ǲȫͿ֮ǰֱΪƺʱмԻվָߵģֱһǾͲˣԹۡ
ִҲżԹۣԹţֻҪڲҾͺˡ
ʣµ⼸ڿľ幫ˡ
幫ָѪԵһֱƵ塣
ǰ游游ڶȻûһţûֱƣһֱҪָңң
Ҳˣʮˡ
ּҳٵ˶࣬ٵ幫ڽѹһѪԵ̫ŴаѪԵϵԶ־Ȩߵ͵Ĺ򣬰˵ĻΪڼ˵Ǻзġ
ʱ幫ָõףŲ裬ſ·
ִǣСһãͼ幫ֵֻʸĴϡ
ֵȻˣûִҲ㻻ݵ幫ڱʮϣִﲻ֪ûεĿ*
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Сڣִָ˸ֻ㿴ߣȲҪָˡ
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˿㣬õĵͷɿ֣幫ȥ
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幫һֱû˵ֻһ¿վĶָˣҲǲûдǿСһڣͳСӿȥ
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ֱָֻֽ̹֪ģҪչĸףҪҪޣЩӦģǵεġ
幫ûֻ̧ۣصǽڵĴ֮
幫ˣе˸оµģִһֱ˵ʲôоڵе˵ˡ
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ʱŶ
Ҳҽ
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ˣĸףǼҳ磬ͳȥһΣˣȫǵְԽ̳ĺʵɼЩΨһı£ܱ˻óһ㡣
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ˣСᲢûд幫۾Ӹµؿֻ𣬵صˣĳĳһɲɣ
ⲻġֻ˵ίؿ幫ΪͷȥѰؿŽ㣬㣬ǵӡ
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򣬴ȥֻŵڽĻתϹܼص壬ȥ
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ִﳯȥ֪ҪôһһӣЦһҼﻹ£һˡ
ֱõֵܣָҲһֱ˼ûֱֹãֱƲŸڣµģʱִ俴۾ȻʱеһӾˣûָ˴кһ̵ؾˡ
ҲǸثġ
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ִ֪ˡ롱ǰ˵ġ롱һˡ
̾˿ذѵܷܵŵվţȻӵܵܵض˵Сӣüˡ
Ͳһ㣬Ͳһѹˣɵ׽֡



 22 

׹ⲻֹһ㣬嵽ϸϣձҪʵ¡ִҲǲһû˯þˣܶʱ˯ֻǴ¡
ּҼҴҵҲ˵кܶù¡˵ּұΪԽΪּһЩϸ΢ı仯ǲܼ˵ġ
Ϊѡֺ˵ʩ⣬ּЩѾԶԶʮǰּʳĶ
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ԶԶȲʱӽĲȫӽͷּұռ£ķ֮һ൱Ŀɹˡ
ֱ仯ȻסģּʱԽԽࡣ
ּ֣ҾȻǰ׼еүǡʱţָѸŶŮɥݵĵҪָŲƽˡ
ֱΪϵһƣǸ˻ʵۣα»ʵ۴ȵˣǸһ֪Լ޶£ܲŮ֡ݵ֪ݾߵġ
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֪Ҳּ֪ҵҲû˵Ҫַˣ˵ִָСһҹȥһʢ
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ڣָսԴҪųȥʾˣ֮ܵ
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⼸꣬гŮִ֢Ĳûкö٣̲סִƻִŮԹķˡ
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ܲܽ̽˵ʱҪϿҡִֵܰԴ˺ܸˣ˵仰ҪʾͲ̫ˡ
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СӵԶԶǰˣŻ˵֪᲻̫ġ
һˣǽھηλŮ֢ϣߵúһ¡λ̯ӲɣػҸ˵СֵһҲ²Ļֲݡ
ӡʱյž˳СѾ̲סһţͰž͸ϣ࿴һ۵ִ
ִרı΢ػ¸أѾҡͷʾ죬һ˫ˮ۾Ͽҵؿ
꣬üſһ°ͣһǾ˼ӡ
ִ֪˼ôթҲǱ񾭣ȫԸضһλû˿ʦµĿš
۾ֱˣСѾҲΣСѣӣš
ǴλСɾš
ʱִڵأĹ˵ʲô֣һȥ
ǵССѾҪˡ
ʲôģִڸںСѾϿڷʤһæȥû¸ѽ
Ƕ̫ǰɣ
ûæŵŰװ
ǵĵСɾˣŵڿõţĻػءӶ֪˼СѾһ̧ͷòȫ˵
ˣִҲ㶣ûعζɶ˰
˵ĵҾԼ̵ˣ˵ǴүɥġСѾע⣬Ͻ˵
ԼߵˣִҲǳһ¾վ
ⲻûû˵ش
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ģִסˡ
ǣˣˣСѾҲ
ϾߵĴѾߣɲǺͿˡ
ôˣִһû˵°ɣ
ȵȣִ𣬳˹Ƕʱ䣬дһлţûдˡ
ʱһմѩĲ沼дһѩѩԱԭߵıɽʱ;ùе⼸ưѵдĺܳļ仰Ҳúúøлһ˼ңдһĸлţܵıʾһԼܳǷ׿ͬ书
дø˵㣬ȷʵ൱л˼ҶƬġ
û죬ٴεˣȻ³յĻţʱѾˣ벻дˣյ˾ͷһߣû˼ȥ
ô֪ģ˵ģ
ˣġ
ˡ
ִ²ţҪߣթû˵أæֺõسŮ֢ȥСģΣ
лҪ˵ĸˣճ죬Ҳ51V
Ǹǲ˼ȥһ꣬һûдҲдĲãûģʵҲû̫࣬ܲˣ5һдȫڣȡȫڽҲ֮԰51VˡҲϣñһĶV֧һ£ǲ˼ллˡ


 23 

ּҵжִС
ֵҲ˽ּҵļҲʵԼС⣬Ѽеһж֪ˡ
Դˣִѹܴ
Լϲҹ˯ȥСֵܵĲƲᵽԸּ֪еˣթûȣװɵ
˵𣿡װһִһⶼˡ
ǺεȵһⰡթֵ֮󣬾թˡ˵ļӻϸߣֵñֳթĲС
ΪʦϣҲ̫Ǯˡ
ּҲ̫ˡ
£ƳŮѧĳ̶࿴һۣͷаգǡ
˵ִСͦñֱֱ
īˡ

ţ
µģµģīҴүԳֵī׼ëʵϴµġ
šҲʹպϰɡ
ţ׳ɾִҲǺۡ
īүΪīҼɲֵֹƷģңų۸ҪʮοģһµĶҪϽǧˡ
㿪ڣǧˣôأ
Ȼϸ˵Ҫˡ
ҿıīˣҪǾͻµģҲеãȥīүٶһףĲɾ£īүҲԸΪһס˵ٺˣ˵ִﶼˡ
ĻͷͷǲȥŮЦݶɿˣҿټһīīϵȵ׼ҿҲīţʺ˲ˡ
ݵͷµˣʩ˳ŮѧһۣС
ŮѧӢٷĵһͬģϵ
ǳûǰÿ˵عĵܱܵˡ
ܵܵݣԲȵģǿߡ
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Ͼīүֹǧ󣬵īүӳȥá
ãҲû򰡡
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룬īү˸֮ǸϴǮòִҲֻˡ
룬ֻҪɽ㲻ͺˣҲܶˡ
ӣ㡣
СѾ˿ڣִ֪Լ߿ˣæͣ
ûߣתСѾԼΣ
ͷңѿɶԣ
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ﲻţֵһóֵģСʱͰˣǰȥɫ*ɫִҲͰԼʰԽˡ
ּҲС˼ңʲô˴ʲôѣǽ
ִﴩһףΪڼңͷҲ򵥣Ͳ˼ö黨ɥҲԸ̫ӡ
żǲϵȵ˿ģżص͸ɥģֻģĸ׶ûУϸڴżССġǡ֣ȫݣȫɳҲһڴ黨ϳϵ͸ģһСöûʦĥǰ񷻵ĳ۾һС飬ҵĽʦҪʦʦԽ۸Խߡ
ָʱִСʱͱó󡱣ͷϵĽصѹ׵ļƱۼĹִͨڸԼȡ˷ԼҲԡ󣬿Ǯܹ󡱵۵Ĵ硣
ϰ߳Ȼִ䵱ּҵˣǼҳҲǲ򵥡
СѾɿ´ӣҡͷӣá
ִͷᲽǰԺĿȥ
ߵһ㣬СѾˮǱĺõģ
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Ȼῴˣȥ߷߷ӸŵСⱸµЬ|
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ᣬƹµҲ첽ӭˣߵߵӣҸõĿͷˮҲˡ
ãǿͣοԶģ¸磬ȻȥͷʲôҪľܸ˵ǣҲĵ㣬չ˺λˡִ룬ҲñҪλǰ֮˲С
㣬ʮ߹ţϢǣ߹䣬ҲҪ죬һ˼ٴҲҪѮҵˡ
Сɾյţ˴ֻһյžͷԸˣӱޣͣµ׵Ӿ͵ݡ
ġ
ģһԽӴġ֪λСɵ˹ɥƹҲһ
үţҲֻһλµĹ˼㡣
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ִһ£ҡͷǰߣͿ˵㣬֮ǰǰװͥŲˡ
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ľӽӵСգҹݣͣǰݡ
һ·еǹٵΪʱ䣬ֻÿղվϢһһݸѡ
ݣҲһʢӲ֪ݷˣ·˲ݣ̲֮˽¶з֪ҲɾͯЦձϷĵʮ㣬һ·ۡ
ָҲ·һ··ָ˴ָ·֮ҲǺ棬޶⡣
ָݵȸðһ϶ޱȣԭʧ񣬽֮ǰȥѻˣһ뼰ǰСһҾף˵ֵһĻҲ˷ˣҴ
ңָǻ֮ҹȻ鴫һڣſӭ͵ļҶ֪⼴Цԣ⣬ЦݸУӭʱˮˣµҲˡ
˾ţľǵҼūССߣѼʶףʱڣǱּҵĸ󾪵мľ
ˮѾÿһвͬеĵڶǵֻ̫үһਵӽ衣
㲻ӽֵ֪Ρ
ǰĳѾ˽ʮĽ⡣
Ҳ˵ЩЬ֮أ羵棬ãľžԼڵģǧҲ治ɫҲм־
ǰ˵һӺйܼҶºһ˵ǻԾ֮Ҳ֪һ̸ʱгϿңżֵĲʡ
ֻǵ˵˵ָߵĹӺ͸йˣñྻʱҪһֵļҶΪ˲ˮľˡ
ֻûлһЦݣԵϸʱſڴһ˹ͣųӭͣʵʧʧԶӭ˼һ
ǻǾǻ䣬ֲǴЦ⣬δˣȴ˼崺
ǽϵӣ
ľվͷ̧ͣſڿȥ



 24 

ӻδţľֻǰļһǰȥϲˡ
ֻͷľλԶ׳ʿǼҴˡ
ΪдľλԶľʿּưŵĶǻ˵ٻļּ͡ң˵ٻĲ࣬һλкľҲָСˣµı൱˵á
ִţͳףλСɾȥ
ľǸ籱һˬŮӣֻһţС˽ʤѩüαǺ촽续һ㡣
ľֻһ۾͵ͷһǰ˰벽¾Ͱ¹ֵĩľ˵Ҿڱ쵶°ٷ򳤣طǰָ̩ɽִү񡭡
λǷףϥ¿˸ͷ漴Ѹɴĵһĺתάǰ֮ˣͷִӵĩľִӡ
ִǵһμʶɳľݾ̬ǱľߴıӱֳĹ𺳵ˡ
֪׸λСǵҵճ˻ʼҸ赶ҫǾÿһεҵճӶ齨һ֧˵ĵҾ
һλͳˣΪڱһʮˡ
λǰٷܹܰˣǸĹˡ
Ѱٷ򳤶ˣǸİٷ򳤣ˡ
ңִȷ֪Ϊôˣʿʾ֪ˣôʿǿɲ
ѹ֮ǰλСֻ۴ҺĴ
ŮбִﲻǰȥּڣܸɲĹһӵ񣬾Ҳһǰ˰ϥ׳ʿǿˡ
ִﾡܺһλ׳ʿ׳סλԶĿˣСѾϡ
Ӱڳб׵Ůλλ׳ʿҲԶǡǡŮӭ͵ľ롣
ָսָ¿ɲᵡּͣѾ˫ַ˺ľԭλ
ǾҲλҲԶԶǡúľŵһľζ
ʱǰʤѩоԭĿø
ˣִСѾ
СѾϸ׳ʿ⼸ۣ֮µĳߴ磬ȥ߷һˣӻūȥ
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ʵ˵껹Сӣͦģû޳ȥ͵ˣ˵ĸԸǵùĵСɾȼģ⵶СѾˣѾծˣҪ޹ȥģҪծô׷
СѾִãʶ㣬ִ˵Ҳʲôò˼ģӦһȥˡ
ֱִʵһѺľŵãֱΪԼĶˡ
֪Ǳƻָ֮µСӣСδӵĵܵܣ¾ͳƽ򡭡
תһ룬ղŶС̩ɽˣִԼǵҵˣ˳ƺȷһⶼûС
ľͻСָľ˼Уӱ޹Ҳġ
ָӶС֮ᣬѶݲˣλСӴľãӡСˡ
ʱһСҲûôֻɼˣжСϷһ˼º֮Уͷָȥ
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ľֱ൱ֱԵ˵һû̸㡪ֱӵСӡ
һᣬӶˣĩܳ
˵žֵͷ
ִ￴ְסˣҲǵѣܸսٻغҲ治ɫ׳ʿǽֵӴɡ
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ںܳľԴǣҲ˵
ҲѺľһû˿Ļÿͣû£ִﻹúľȥˣλСһλ޺Сӡ
ǵҿǻ֮ңлšϵһơңСӱ̵öӺڵͣҲ֪Ǹֶ˺Ƶò˵Сӡ
Ҳֵ۹ˣڶɢ**ϣСӻֵ·ӱȽϰȫ
ֻһִ͸ˡ
ߵĺܿ죬һǱϾδСӣǱⲻ˼пͣʱϻǶ̵ãڳС˵仰Ҫۣ֪ĻΪ裻æȥš
ִ·ϾͰ£˳Ź·ҲǱˣһɳζ
һͳζҲ֮һ
ִߴŵĴСҡͷġ
ϴ˵ѩǿƲ
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ٸн֪ԡ
Сӻ˼ǲԴʣûСѾʹСֻһӵĻֻõͷЦѡ
֮ǰû뼰⵶Сɻãһ뼰ִе㼱ˣ·ϾͿš
Ϊͷһ굶˵£֪飬ְæҪǲ֪ˣ֪˻ܰһѣʱҲûװƣֻðˡ
ʱֵΪ˸תƲƲȥڹ峣⼸أ˵ط׵ܵܰ˱ɵӴҪӵϢ
Ҫ˵⵶СҲǹùģ׵ܵܲ׾ˣ׾˾ҲǸϺȵģ׵ܵܵӻûϣ׾˾˾ΪƢǸںǮĻһңѻһһ룬˶˼ȻĸǰѵõѪڴһɾ
ڹЩϢִﶼŲˣŲ֮ɣ־ֵеҲôһôϺȣҲ治ףʱҪŲǮȽһţֻСһʾʾͬģֵԼǮʮ
ʮһ͹ȥֵһš
Ƕ仰дһҳֽʾгһǮػִãԼõģԸϽдһŸ֪ˣˣ
һһ֮䣬һСľдˣռּ̽뾩ݵԴִüζ̾žǸܷǮСɾ
һΣ˵Сɾʿˡ˵̱˰ް͵ˣʿû·ɴü͵ȥµһҲûסǶ֪ˡ
ִ죬һ̵ģԼı𣬻˵ǽأҲʱò֪˵ʲôźãֵҲǰû죬һְƴԼϣ˰죬ְ̾˵Բ
ԲʲôãǮôˣ˻鶼ˣִֻڹȥһһЩ¾ȼ
лҪ˵꣬V
лλԴ֣жлӵĴͣǳǳл
189679471

25

ִﱾеӣλСиĹ۸ǺǲϻûУǷʵĿдķǳǷϲӡԳʼҴ͸ĵҵճӳеĽӡ
˼û˵ʵûֵ˵ЩĿ̸ʲôŮ֮顣
οһ֣ŮúûŲǵ֮ʶʱ񣬶ûʲôĹŮ֮Ƿ֮룬ҲǷ㹻ˡ
ִϱǱǮΪģⱲҲʶ˽ǮһҵܹδСǰдǷӱܣҲʣסʲôѱҲǺܹˣѾ㹻ˡ
ԺûʲôŮ֮ԣ⿿ʱѵĽ飬ִҲð⵶СɶԹԸҲ
ģһӵֵûյǰҲ˵ģϼʮӵĺԥҲǵСжرԸԺزṼĿܡ
ǲ˵Сţӡ֤ԵСɵĿ
ִҲ˸ֵ˵۹⣬ԴҲŷΪһɾġ
ִ˼ȥֵ֪ʱΪͶԺ󣬵˵Ͷ֮⣬ǶСɾֶ˼֮顣
֮ҲŮ֮޹أǣںҲû˼̹ǺССɵؽġ
һԺûз֮ԵִʵλСɾϻǷѩֵˡ
ȻˣǷǮҪźá
ֲĴƼңǮԸģΪúԼΪͶʵģٻһۡ
ִű߿ţλСûү֪үϲǸǰа֮Тʤϼ
ԴǻǼ򵥣˵գĩĻһʲݵġ֡
ţִĪ̾˿·ˡ
С˵֪үϲֵΪѾĻһź£Ϊ±æΪתƲƲΪȥǵԺ·֡
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պóԸٻȨλܼǵõģֵΪ龫ǣҲŬֻǻȫ鹦ĸ
ţִЦ
ӣӣ
СŵĽִعԳһЦҡͷˣȴǰдñдΨһһϸպãУһ۽ű߳Ϸ糣ŸСŵ鳲ҪǼСˣҪǸӡ
ΣŶҪģڣǺǾǸССͣȴһΪΪСɡ
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ﵹްϰ߶Ӳһš
ַȴ䣬֮ˣǺõģ
ɷ
˵֮ˣɷ
ַ˻֪Ϊ֮ɷָĺ÷ӣڻظʦֶּӹУ˵ŮòĸЦҹ棬ڣݻҪģ˼Լ˵Ůѧֻǳĳ󣬵ƷƷϼѣŮ֮Ϊַ˵İŮүһ㣬ȫԺԵ
ŴǺ󣬴Ψһ֪ľǵҳδޣϵһָĵճŮòĸЦҹ棬ĸ׳üơ
ᣬŰ£ͷϰժ˵ִŰ׾ַ԰￪İҪڣãҳ˾ʿޱߡ
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Ůʢޣַ¶ѵõĻգǾͺãǶգûҹ̸Ҳ֪ҳʿ֪֮֮ʬ
ַҲִ֮ĸ˵ģִ֮ǰһ
ִǰдַ֪ˣǸڼҴӸ޷Ӹķ⽨ɳŮˡ
ִԣĸȥǳǳףʾд˰ˡ
ĸ֮ڵƹοͷĿ⣬ĸ񵭰ݣִ룬ٰܱ㹸䣬жĸųǻ۵Ůӣ⣬ȫԡ
ĸף㣬ÿһŮˣڽںǰĶΣǵڲͬᱻֻ֪ᱻ·ɣȵǲˣǾʧˡ
ִ΢΢¶ǳЦĸ׼һˣҪĵܵܣ˵ۣ֮˼ǰٰҲġ
ַˡ
Իϲֵسִ￴ִԾȸصӣԵ棿
ˣΪү˵֮ԣһҲΪѵسΪɥ
ڶգִ˸磬ֵǱҲ˻˵ʹȥĹǰ㡣㣬ԶԶŻԶĿ˸״ľŰ֮
£ԶԶţҲܸоľ֣ء
ãֱֵܵ˳̾˿
ׯأȷʵҪǰ֮ĵ˶أԹҪϵöࡣ
Ҳ֮ΪŷعʱɫͷԵĳҲ֪ǸʱҪײ̫ˡ
ڻȥϣִﻳĵܵܣѵȻ𣬲ǵ㲻Ը㳤󣬶ǵȲ绪ïʱ򡣡
ߵʱ̫ˣİ
ֻеǲ׸ֻҲ֪˼ܱһ㣬˼Ҫ໨ʱȥܶ
ʱĻҲûкףֻǾܵصҵǴˡ
ǵȲȵü
ִЦ΢΢Цеֵܡ
֪׺ΪƫСӣ˵ǣγǣ
ãȵǸʱ򣬻һҪǵģĵĸףףн㣬һֱ㡣
ҪˣҪһȥ·ϵֲпᣬ᫲ƽЩԲǵãҲǹϣֻҪҪʱ򣬼ǵˣԶĽذͺá
СˣջִףгһգҪ޵ġ
뿪װСߣһȥеԼˡ
ʱ䲻ˣòֺ
ɱֽ㡭
ִﰮؿŵܵܣȥˣֿһҲ
Сӣִ￴Ż治µֵܵǳǳЦһ£㰡һֱǵĸףõı
ԺείңǵԼǱͺãȻˣܼǵ˵Ĵ˵Ǹá
ϧʱּҵı֪ǸһƻĽ㣬˵һ仰ګګصǱǣȥܲܶһ㣿
ɷԭα¶ң



26

۴ݳһһȵʢ£ִ˺ľգ̻ȥ
ˣټϺľҲ࿴ݳǣ
ּҲ£źľĴιݡ
ľÿջÿնǰдֻпݵĸԣ
ֻӴģһȥݲ¶ɻ󣬡ѵǲԣӽ£׳ʿΪ˸п
ԣʲôǸط嶼ѾǴˣطô꣬һѹ٣ϰһѣؼɹϰѸģѻʵÿ겻֪Ҫɱˡ
ҪǸԣʵôһ٣֮Ļ
ݿСС;ѾӢСӣȥһСĳ嶯˵ˣӴˣٰСӵ˾ͲŹˣ֮أ˾Ҫ֮ģΪʦú˵˵
ñϾʦС֮ʣñֻ澩ǵͼһ¾ռλöɳ塣
˵֮ɳǵ౱ݵ֮صķְٰ׻౱Աǵסܰף󰬣ĸ룬ҲΪƫļȣļȱˮ޷౱ܶϷ־ܻȥ˱վûˡ
ֻ˵ľҡͷҲҪӽȥ
ȥ˾ûˡ
ݻ̲סһСһֱܣ򱱷ָĸԴԹٶҪ䲻ˣÿ͵ǧǰȥǣǵȳª֮ˣ
Ҳǿүˡ
ȳŮѧȥ˾ǣӾͲô࣬ܶȥǸˡ
ǽ㲻ޣԼȥǣʥ˵ĴȡүִĽѬ֮£ֻ𶮱ȵ˼Ҳܶȡ
㲻˵ˣǼޣ޸ˤĸãĳһ㣬ռıҲܶһ㡣ŵӢС֮Ҫüá
ôȢӦллˡ
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27

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29

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˺һᣬи˿˿ڣСʦүڻϴ˰֣ЦЦô𣿡
ã̫ˡľͷð̵Ĳ𣬡ǵ̿û̡
ǾҲС
һɾˡľҡҡͷĬһᣬֵּҵС˵ʦĺƴģǼסˣǿġ
ľĻһ꣬ˣЦŵ٣ֻ˵ġ
ɲǡһ֣ʷ˽ӶˣЦˡ
ҹľŵط㶫
طĴСʦүʷҲˡ
δĶǻҪһһʡ
γԵĴе࣬ⶫǲʵģô࣬ˣô࣬ӦҪİɣ
ʷλʦүһСѳԵĶߣѳСɽˣûʣҲûõø﷿ʶر첻
Сʦү̫嵥дһ룬ԼСС˵Сҿ⸬ɡ
ոճСһ㣬ֽһڳȥůˣûԹôģÿܲˡ
طûտǸǮСӵţҪʺľ
ǼҲˣ
ˡľϸһӣַˣСĿ˵ĵıˡ
ǲǴӸǸĴù
ľûӦ
ھȥط濴֣أһһص
лҪ˵յĵڶ
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30

ᣬָܰɻָ֮ǰҲû뵽ҩ®ס죬һָԼСҩˣҩҲǿһ롣
Сͷܵ죬ͽܶȣһ̵ؾǰԺĴܣܱߺˣϷҩˣˣӣˣɱǧҩûϷ£ӣϷҩ͵ˣϷ򲻻ˡ
Ŷ޳ˡ
ܵǰ׷ͽǶˣûܽãﻹںӣ²ˡ
ˡһ·ߺŻִװûѡ
Ҳ֪Ҳ׵ģڸͽܸ˿Ͳͽܲͨ籨ţ˵ڹȥҩ®˲ҩ֪ܲҩǸ˭ȥˣôթ
࿪ҩأָٶɼҩˡ
ҩȷʵǳȥĶˣЩҩҪݲҩһգ˺ܲףҲ¡
ҲףҪǼҩأռɽĴˣָǮҲûɽҩ棬
ָĹȥˣĲգЩָҲܹˣĲԽԽˣؤ¶ܣָѾǹӣιˡ
Ҫ׳ָʵʵˡ
ãִԿˣܰͺʵСˣһһʱҲã㣬СѾ̡
ǣСѾȥ̣СĶá
ڣܰȴˣվм䲻ǰˡ
ǸСģҪҲͶֱƣּҶ
˭ã͸ҵű˭תܡ
ָĵҼܣ˾ɶûˡ
Ӹ׵һģһһĺ˵
ˣΪѧݡ

ֲܰˣִü۲к˼ҹӣ⡣
ܰȥͽǲˣ׷ˣվſڹԹԵҲɥ
Щûõģô㰡ǰˡ
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ܰɳüǰ£ЩŲƨɣʱ˶һѣӣҩҩûˡ
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ָ֧֧ԶԶ룬˵°Ǹѣ֧£أɾײӵĵˡ
ҲʮһյãǰүҲģʮξŴζҪײүõʱ
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ҲǾˣСѾҪɵˡ
㡣Ƶ˵һ䣬СѾСѾϲ衣

ܰˣˣүʵʱһһĺƣһһķ飬Ҫָϳȥ
ָܰˣûˣС˴ˣǸģСӵ壬ָѾûȥôˡ
ϲָģָҴҵ󣬶ҲŸġ
С˼ң޸ҲݲģǮƲҲͷβͷȥƽ֡
ӣСͷ˿ڣ۾ӶһˣͰ͵úܣǲˣһȥˣҿҩв٣ʰʰȥ
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ܰᶼҪˡ
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ִǰ˵ʱ򻹲ţ̵ֿˣǮٶҲˣ쵽СѾȥܰҵ
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һǧ𣿡ĩˣִ֣ͣḧŰ˴̣εеС֣ܰº͵ص
ԣ԰ɡܰ޲֮ܳǰŹôһʵԼһƣ˵꣬ҲĿ̫ˣӲͷƤһúþõġ
ţҿִ￴֧ܰ˷ÿ²һΡ
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ܰԴȥˡ
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ܰˣִ￴СͷͷɥˣһѹҲ˰
ҵЩˣǾţҲиȱݣʱҲΪˣԵúܡ
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ͺãֵҲסǡ
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ˡ
ֱݳָ׵꣬˵ֶŮТ壬޵޲š
лҪ˵ĸꡣ
ٴĸлλСӵĶģԼ֣ǳǳлǵϲæ
ԼллӵĴͣ
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31

Ҫ˵ָмΪָǵˣָĴܼ嶼̸ϣֻˡ
ļѾȥ˿֮ǵСĺѾūպ̴ӹ٣·С
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һִɲŵһ˵үˣӭ˹ȥ
Ϊ̽ͷͷһдƹǰ׵ˣ
첽ɣǱҲߵü죬мһˡ
塣ִﳯ΢Ƿ
߱˵ûڶɱˣûٸӿʲô
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Ʊͺףһ˳ֳùµˣϱʹź˵Ϣ³ǸŴǰӭ˵ĴСֻŮҲ״ʱŵֻԶԶţߵ̫ˡ
ˣӸǰʮ²ӣʡ
СҲż򣬱ŵòᣬԻؽô֪
϶ǳˣڿС⡣
ǰ;ȥʴǣº֪˻ݺѵһ٣ھ뿪ȥʡ
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ʱѾִ˵ˣһһǰҵּ˶˵ˣֱһңҵǼ鶼ˣֱֲŲɣֲƣ⼸ҲˣֱͱûҵǼС鶼ˡ
˵Ļ˵һһ飬ִѾŭˡ
ɱǲضزסˡ
ţЩ˵Т壬޵޲š
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ӵҲǿѹŭ𣬵˵㲻Т峤幫㣬ȥ˾ڴۿʣһˣҲȥչּ̨Ůǰȥʺ㣬㿴˵ûһ㣬ȣ޵޲š
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үʱûĹֱֱֵܣݳǵİտ˭ָ֪ĲƲˡ
ˣ壬ʲôִ￴ö˵壬ЩΡ
˼Ҳˣָ꣬Ͼ󻹻ֵܼء
ôԣˡ
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ƽʱ׶ɫ˵Ż¶ɫˣҧгݣִҲ֪ˡ
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ֵǽ嵱һ׵ĻûģǻŮûǽܽţҳѾˡ
ΪˣȻϲҲˡ
壬ִһҲ˲Щˣæο㲻ʲôǼлﲻϣҲϣˡһ㳤þõؿǣҪǱˣǾˣҲ˻ʧ
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ִﰲǱߣǱϰлִڹ˵֮Ŷȥɱˡ
˵գȴˣָŵķȥˡ
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ڹǿӭĴӣһԾ˷
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أɱ˶ҪԽԽǰˡ
ڹˣִҲû취Ǹ̵ģæû˯ͷδ͵ƣȥ˯
ڹƫ۵ܵܣҲֵҪڹߺһߵԭ
壬ǽ˵ɡǸִæֺǰģϽȿȲ裬Ե㶫
ЩǼūĳǸ׼ᣬҲֻʣסһ;ˣĹ˵ʲôӵϡ
ãǲһϹܼɳĺùܼңϢʹֳȥϢȥˡ
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32

ˣִҲ˿ĸ׵ӣϹµĴС
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ִﵱСδذԼִūүʬ֮ؼģүū
ˣҲû
죬ڹĲ鲻Ըȥ
ߣִﳯ˸ڹǳ̾˼ֻ˵һȻ㲻Ҫٵˣˣһͣ
չ᲻ųĺġ
ڹǵҹ˳̣ߣҲ׼ָ֣˽
ָҲǰˣִҲǱ߻ǲ֣⼸ھǵĲ˺ܶ࣬ǲ¾ս
ҪȥǵܰɵСñ۾һִͣߣӣһİɣ
ǲȥǣӰھǣü򵥣ֻҪӲǳ˲¹ͷĵطȥ
ȻûأҵСӵģҲûˣһҵҹءСǵŵʱѼ߷ֺˡ
ӣȥǵһܰҲɥˡ
ִҲ֣ҲãҲãôһôǣ˶һծŲԸѽ
չ飬ָڼ̵ʱڣȫİţҵһʱ䰲ųȥ
ִҲ֪ǺǻʱɣҲҪƴһѡ
ӣүһ;ĩ·̫үԵҵƿҲһ겻һ꣬Ϊүճӵδޣ̫үָһѣͳ䵱һ´ʿĽɫɡ
ҲҲǵ̫үܰѵСɾԭ
Сɣˡ
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СѾЦã˼ұϲŵĹӻǰء
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ŮŮִ߶ĵΪҪһİˣ˸ʱУﻹء
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⡭
СүС꣬ңǾϰɣиûǿﵭң㲻Ҫˣ˼һúúõģĶǿ껹װҿһ㡭
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33

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ܵЩƳλԼٳٲȢӻĻ飬ȢҲΪСҪ̱ڴս˻Բѣ̧ؾǶûѹָһ˵ϲܺã˵ҪȢȥϲġ
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ԣҪʵġ
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ִ֪طھǸʲôڹƭӲ˵ЩһֱŵطǴҲҲģҲ̧ĵطؾǵģָ˵ͦãԴҵָ֯ŴҪϷ⣬Աģӱȡ
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34

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ǰһɱĺ֣Ӧ˵ƷλĶԶûǰǴκýӽˣݲЦǰһһۡ
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Σִļױʮȵ޾ǵʮʮȥģ󣬲ڻ١
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죬ִֻüڹǵ̸жԵиףλү͵үиŵƶϣҪĻȥף붴ˡ
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ָߴ˲ͼޣֻ˸ǰ棬Ϊɨ·ִ뵶õһ·ǳ˳
ᣬ׾ŵֻҲ΢΢Цţͬһ޵º͵Цҹ޺ģֻ˸˴ǮĽɢꡣ
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Ľŵ£ǻƴŵɫĵƻҡҷ
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˫ۣϲɫĵƹУ̫ˡ
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˵ǺڱĿǣݸӢɫҲ֮
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ʱϲ˵ʤʥʥĴϲƱ
Ǿ˵кööӣԻˣ
طۣͼǰŮ棬ܻϮȼסۣѻͬʱҲؿڡ
Ϣͬʱס֣ѹסļ硣

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һĴȴò˼飬ֶסˡ
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ˡ
ﰡִﱻ͵ò˵ٶȺͶ𾪵øûعûüﱣӣ͸оĴҰ޵סƵġ
һɲǣⱲӴûоԼֻһֻ̣Ұ޲븹һС
лҪ˵дһĻˣҲһ˯þˣףλ졣
ллǵĶĺʹ֡
УĸлӵĿͣ
1


35

ִһҲûС
Ұ޲һ飬ֲ˵ڶ飬𵽵飬Լ̫ãҲſ費ȥִΣΣصٴģú
װƭˣҲǷǮˣлͺãС
ϧһ˱飬˵ҲǾ촽˶ѡ
ʮ꣬طֻţڶ˵Σˣͱˡ
ѷĵƻ̧˹ÿһ仯
촽˶涼ҧѪ˿񲻽һùڴµˮһڣι˽ȥ
ż
𵽵ı飬ִҲֻгûнˣһڴϣ㶼У
Уãˣﲻںˡ
ĩˣִ˯˹ȥ˯бһֻֻҹϤòϤģǺĴƶʱڻˡʬ鰡
ԺУоǴֻΪҩҩףϺ֮ʹ˵㡣
ҲİָĴӵʶźҶôãȻôңû˰
Ҳιˡ
ִжǿġ
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ʵϣȵڶգûʲôԭµڡ
ִ䱻ԼҵĴѾСѾѣ͸оԼ񱻳ػշѹΡ
ǲշѹʹ
ӣ𰡡СѾҪˣҪˣӱҪˡ
СֻҲǸߣſˮոոү棬ϸͺףϵļͷȫǺϵɫҲˡ
Ǽˣڸ⣬̺򲻣
Ǻ¹ү
Ҵ𣿡СѾҪˣִޣ֪СѾżʲôҲ
ӣϽȺСѾϽ˹ι
һЩסӣѰ˼ˣҹ͸ָ׼ˡ
ûڡִƫͷܾ
ҵʱ㻹
СѾᣬŴСֻ˵Ķ𣺡Ͻȥˮ
ɵǰɣ
ֻűѣϽæȥˮ
ʱһҲ⼸ִߵĳˡ
汻үˡ
үǿţһųͳȥˣǿﶼǵܻһȺ˵ĳХ
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أŵĸεһһؽͿһǴӵڳĹߵУҲҵ񱻲ҴأǶΪӱ
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ִڴÿڣѵشµȣȺ裬СѾһƬıǺţֿѾװȫСѾ㶫õȫʲôȥˣ
һӰţǱ˼ʬء
ˡ
СѾҲҪˣǣô죿С춼è͵͵ߣҲǴסˡ
࣬СҲҪˣֻһˣԼľѣӸ״һҸ߰Ĵ󺺣ȥˡ
˿ʮ꣬ûôԴ
ҵҶֻùӣûҹ̫ˣСĺˣ£̺ˡ
⸮ˣ̫ˣ¡
ִ￴С춼ˣʱɣҿһҲлҪ˵ҲԩҪĴˣСѾȥ
ɱǧأʡ
ãү𣿡
⸮ﻹһɱǧģִɴۣӶҪɳˡ
һ뵱Ѹ壬Խˣһ
СѾҲһ׺ݵĿŵԴűŬ
Ժء˵
ڴһŰ¸´õִһӾˣЬִϴҴҳĳۣڵԺߡ
ӡСѾסˣ·룬ͷûء
ʱ˭Ҳסִʵģʬڴϣµ˳ȥӸѾߣ
̲£
̲£
ô꣬ôöȫιˡ
ιҪɰˣҪôöȥι֪жС󹷹ŵȮ
硣
һˣˣҧˡ
Ҫǲһ㣬Ҫȥˡ
ˣ⽣ӰУֻһīŮɢͷη˽ȥһߵ˵ǰִͳͣеĽˣôȥôװˣ
طѽأʯȥ˰磬ǰצŮӣۣ˿ڣ߽㡣
ʲô˼ִﾯ
ԺҲ˵죬㣬طҲ֪ҲҪַˣû˵С֮
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ˬζͷ˵
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ﺬʲôطû
ղźСִûӦ
طҲû˵һ죬򿪿˿һָ̽Ŀ˳ӵԼ
ҧ鳢˳ζе֣аɣǳζû˵ʱ¶ǰоóԾǡ
´βԺ졣
ĳԵ棬û´οС
񲻶ģıǿ˳ӽ˽ҧˣִﶼĿɿڴˡ
⵽׼޵ʲôˣ
ϲˣͻˡԶԶԺſڣнʿҪĸ׷ˣطתԺſܿķ򣬵״֮ǰʵĻˣݸ¡
ִﶼɵˣӣû޳ܵˡ
ʲôгϲˣͻˣ
ԺҪˣϲ͵ˣõȥҴΣ
ģճգطıѵõЩһ£ûס̧׵촽˵ȥɣû£ҡ
һüЩΪѣġ
лҪ˵ҹдˣθڣܾ;д
ٴθлǵĶĺʹ֣ллǣ˵ʵĿǰƴôΨһԭˡ
ил´СǵĴͣлǣ
ɽ1


36

ӣӡСѾǰѹżغ
ִ̧ͷ˿ɫǿˡ
ͷ
ִؾܣܵһ룬Բܾôˣعͷȭͷɷسţ
ҵţͷôʰ
ֻعͷؿܶȥŨŨĺɫ峿з
ڹûƭɽϵıѩԭܵٿĿɳĮϦĵɭ֣Ȳ
ʧűߣطջ˽űȥ
ԺסˣðŸܴˡ
ǱߵѾΣ
ͦܵģղǴܽŵĽŲ磬µС̫ࡣ
Ѱ˼պİţִѾܽݡ
ڣ¸ҪѣҪ綼ˣֻҪѾ϶Ѿǡ
㻹ܡСѾţѾæˣùκӣԹ𣿡
۰ִۣһܿ޲ɣͷһء
ط治ǸģǾ˵ɹѸ
ɹѸǾڵҴأ͵˵ˮȶġ
ִﲻͿ
ţСװΪӭȢ
ҵһƳٻԼɥǴΪڴһǳն̣ƳٻԼ޿ɺǡ
ڶΣʮ꣬ǴξˡʱСѾɳĮ֮İعΪ˸궼ɽڳ͢ٸٹ⣬Ѿ˵˳͢ϵĵүǿǷʱ򣬵С˵ػڽջؾȢûȵ죬ٴƳٵСɻžˣ˵ææ
ִﵱʱžЦż˾һ֣顣
һ飬Ȼè塣ʱˣȨƲȱȱͽǼҵˣϵĴҲأүּùͶĻ飬ȢŮ
ҪʱǲƳٻԼˣֻҪǷּҵģָǮ൫ƱϣװӣһҲ˵ĸԸСɵЩһӶҪ
ûˣӦ˵ǵүûˣĻԼ̸öӴ˼һƤˡ
СѶ;вһ֣Ҳ̸ˡ
ִ֪СΪȢԸ丸ţϧ֮Ҳζӳ¡
ϲ壬ȢҲôڴˡ
ôһҵļʵǻǸ
ִҲ֪ʲôɸɾ˼ңƽռУҲȱָҲ˻飬һǰͶ붼ûˣָھʮĲתƵĲƲָΪԼŬʧ飬˲Ҳˡ
һ̵ֱڣ̵һȢװ
ôܶ⵶кøС
ôܰǸүס
ôܶǸװͿĵ̫үص
⵶Ƿּҵģɲֹһ㡣
ӣúء
ᣬСִֻﻻ£СѾִͷϲӲ̾СѾҲ̲ס̾ţүҲ˵
٣ΪȢҲֶΡִۼ£
ӣ㺬ѱȡ˿Ӻס
ִﺬ룬һ֮䣬ﶼû˵ˡ
ӣˡСѾֽż졣
ִҲվеԼۡ
ĸƤ࣬˵ɫ㣬ڽϹ㵱УҲ۵ˣڡ
ִսӣ˿Լ׵Ĵѱ˳
ʱ֮촽׳Ҳе㾪ˡ
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⵶У˵˵Сɣûһǻӭġ
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⸮УΨһĺܣֻ
ϲҲںֳΪʲôҪ߳ܣ
͸ǶڵʲôûУǼǸ˶ʤ̣ѵٴƵ߷ˣɷ򣬲ңϲ
ӣ
ֱִٴش¾еԼ
񶼱ˣ
УǼţǸղʱ򣬴СѾ׼ˣүǱߣҹҲְǿš㣬СѾүеġ
ƽ˭֪ʲôɾģָżױһҹδ˯Сغγչۣҩˡ
ӵôȫɲ֪ɸľҩˡ
ǶˣڸСҲǳҹδߡ
ⳡ³ɵļ򵥣̫ĶˡСѾҲ֪ҲֵܱκήңӵĶˣֻľ
ˡִתߡ
תţͼСһȺѾ߽ˡ
ӡһȺѾ߸ִŸǼĺӡ
ָ˶ģÿѾ϶ŴС
Сſ첽˽̨һϣһߵִߣԣǹү˷ǽģ滹д˵ˣһѾĸ
룬ֿ첹Ѿ߽ò쳣
쳣ò
Сƽʱܲ˵ʱذѻ˵ÿˣִﶼ࿴Ѿһۡ
⵶ǶˣŰʵԵѾųӡ
ҲܹСղһڣ۾ﶼˡ
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طʿӭģԺվűһͣ
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һֳ꣬˺ܶ࣬һѻе̣³滹һ㣬ûס˫ЬȻϸҲ
޿ɷϣǸˡһĲʱ˵ѣִͷһʱ֮䶼е㷢ᡣ
߽һźˮµġ
˵ЦʱˣͲˡ
ط濴ЦҲͷţˡ
ؼٻִȥһ죬ͱǺˮޱȵĴסˡ
ãؼٻطסС֣ߡ
ִͷýģԽЦ
Ǵ˵㣬С
ġ
ȥֻճԺţͿ˵ˡӦþǴظղŸ˵Ĵߵһӣ쳣òĸѾߡ
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ⲻǽǱרų
һ
ǽмСӣĸѾߵеһǼСӾ˵ֻ˵Щ˶ܳΪˣū磬ֻܳΪ˼ҰڷڼǼضˣҫ԰ڣתܰڳ֡
ⶼܳΪһҵĵҷߵѾߣȻҳһ಻ûԭġ
лҪ˵ĵڶҪϵľŵԺȥˡֻͷ͸ġ
лǵĶģ֣Լԡ
ǵĿ
С1


37

ǣֵĿбӣһֱǰߡ
ִҲʹЦƥС¹һӵӽе۾ڿ˺۾ͻȻɴ󣬾ŵصͷǵЦˡ
λҲʶġ
ɳеĵطҲǳĺá
˵쳣òһҲû˵
ЩŮֹ쳣ò쳣顣
Ǵ꿪ʼͱר˴һƶ˼ҵоϸѡ˳һһΪֺ˴УǺܶˣô˰ռΪС
Һֱʣһɾƥ
ûʲôֵù*˽ģֵù*ģҲߵһλˡ
սţŵһأƥִﶼҪЦ
⵶ˣҲ˲á
˼Ĵǧҩġ
֮Ҳûָ˼һᱨŵһ죬˾ƥһλ˵е㱾µĴˡ
ᣬطͷһЦЦ΢̣Ǽ
еС̧֣ͷ㳯ЦЦܿü⡣
ͼֶѣҲˡ
ίˡ
һҡ˿Ц̲ס
ִһ漴Цݸˡ
һΣЦˣʲôҲû˵ֻЦ˵ͷ
ʵû£ʲôµģ˭һҪħ֣ô˵ϲ
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ҵճӣһƷ󽫾ط棬ǣ»Ӳ뵶͹ӭ÷˼õһ·ϣµҾʿĵˡͶľľе㲻Լ۾
ʮ겻ڸУã˼վˣǼգǼ˽Աһۣľü졣
ǰʮڸУ˵Ҳޱ飬˽²²ЦٹλսɱʮСѳˣ·ɱСǽսսҶ࿴
ʱһ֮޲ݣҾȻỺ»ƣ֣һ˶ɵۡ
ǿˣִҲǰǵΪһһС
·Ķ࣬Ҳ١
߹·˽Ծʧ룬ִ￴Ҳû֡ҲӦõģҪǼһҪϲˣڶûߴϣҲ۾ΪԼϹˡ
ңСɾҲǺõ̫ˣµһ֪ѹһҲûУһҲˡ
ĥĿһ㡣
Ƕǵı־ŶһУִﷴͦġûһеѾѽͳ⵶ӻҪӶ͵ᾢû⸮мˡ
ȻˣΪͷһСɾ㻹˵ִҲ⵶лֵжˡ
ףôôӭ
һ·ȥϹڵ۾˲٣ִҲǵúܣֵһֵĺֳȵģţ˺üֶûѳɹͦġ
⻹ǸˣҲر˵ԸҪǻǸʱգΪһ룬дܱƱ顣
һ··Ϲ۾עӵУִﱻǣһǣ˵ҴáʱҲǵúܣΪҴõطǴ󣬵̫ƾˣ̵ģõģʵڶ̫ˡ
ĳӭ¸ҲûǼҰѼʰ޵úÿ㡣
͸ǼҵЩƱҲιˡ
ˣִҲǴŵǳЦЦ¶ݵذ봹ͷŻǣֲŵĵС˴á
ʱѾ˲ˣջ൱΢ׯء
գҪʱ˭һ˼ִﶼҪΪС׷ᡣ
Я¸游طǣ˵游ǰŷſ֣һҾ
ϱϼ游ִﴹۣЦҲһ
ˣͺá̫үЦǺǵģϱ̧ͷҲ̧ظǣ˸룬һᣬҲŰ۵ͻȻ̧ۿ΢˳ָһ룬ŵա
Ҳǡ
ӵģҲ̫ˡ
⼸̴ˣҲˡ
˵䣬Ҳ˵Ӷ游Ҳпˡ
л游̫үΪˣطҲۣ𣬲׳л游ա
ǡִŶǰл游
˵գֱ˫ֶ˹һӵݹĲ裬ǰֻŹ˻ǳĵ̫ү˲衣
û̧ۿҲʱ򿴣棬еүˣ˲յص֮ء
̫үˣƫǸزܻգе㱾¡
֪ĶӣĳҲǺܲͷˡ
òŶ֣ǲ£Ҳֲ׶֮䣬ǿǻкôһʻûء
Ǹļ񡣡裬̫үԴȰ
л游ִ˫ӹеһӣԵͷѺӽ˿첽СѾùŵĴеĴӣ˫ַ˵̫үϱТġ
Ĵ󣬿Ǹϵȵĺ̴ģŵľ˫Ь׺˫Ь档
Ҳϱҵһ㶼Щ
˵ˣû˽ʷ
ãˡ̫үߵūͽӹӣſһֿۣ˿ʱֱӿһۣü
⺢ӣֱֻӴ˰ɣ
¸ôʾƫҪ˭
ǴһƷ󽫾ǳ͢λ٣ȫһƷ˧ӡӵ˽ĽһλΤҵλճӣҲӶƷѡûϻģҲƷһҪҲҪ㣬ҲֻСˡ
ˣ̫үǳҡףʾֳ̫Ǳ߿ȥʾһҪһ棬ڽȳӡ
ӣ˭Ҫ¸棬ͻᵱ˭˶ᡣ
Ҫ̫ѿˣҲǸЦ
Ҵүϸʾ⣬̲סü
¸û֮ǰ߾ѾյϢ۰ʲô۰һˣͷֻüն¶ĺۼһ۾ˡ
۰Ҳ¶ĳǲҪ
Ȼ̼֮ҳ棬ϲá
֮ǰΪϧ׸ϣװȢҪĻǵӭˣּҵĴӾǵ֮
һСȻĴư֮ˣӶ໤Ͳõ棬׸һСЦˣĲϲǵ˼㡣
⻹Ҫ̣ộ
ڵյ丸ʾ⣬Ҫ̲ס¸֮ʱԱͻȻһֻ˳֣״ذϥϡ
ƲͷԼķ˳ҡףǿסǿ¸Ķӿȥ
лҪ˵ꡣˮдϸһ㡣

ллǵĶģ֣Լԡ æдˣûʱһظʱõˣػһظģǼһٴζлǡ
УлСλӣ
meierjulia1
С1
첻1


38

ִﴹ۵۽⣬Ƴһֻڲ˵ģ״ư֣ʱҪǻװСɾΪһһ۾õòٺãսսģҲɵˡ
Ҫװ̵ֵ㣬СӾҪ̻ඡ
ܲܲȭͷ
һΪ壬ΪСվʮ˶ѵΪָϱŸոһ磬Ҿִ۽ˡ
Я¸ףĸס룬Ѿվ˵ˡ
ϱϣףĸסʱִޱȸлɳ̫йˣҪ˫ֻڸȥʱΪ˫ȣûôΪ˹ȥ
ִǽϳˣҲ֪ڱ⸸ĸ׵ĽзҲǹ𾴣׽ˡ
˭ٸ˵ʲôˡ
ģ͹һһսŵ˱װȢԭδޡսսܻ㣬ܼǵһӡ
ǻɣһϸ˵Ц
һ˵ͰִĹˡ
ԽǴ˼ҵóĹԽŮ֡Ϊһλ߾ڲᣬүͲǣǶóþãꡣ
ϵΪаŮеҲǶŮϲ
ڸŮֵʱй֣͸ˣ˵ҲҼҴΡ
ִԼ֣ҲֻڷǳҪĳϲŸû˵𳬹Ρ
СӶʾĸԼ䰮һҰŮģִʮ֪꣬ǵƤСھۻϱΪ丸ĸ䰮ɬѣĽٸԵСʱҲһ޻˵
ִﲻںҲţȥ׵ںŵں
ҲнԼĹأϰס
ǱҲǾǣڳ͢ٵľھΪ߶ҲһſھĹҲ˼ˡ
֪ǲ֪飬Ǳġ
ִȷʵô죬ϰϰף˵ɡˣѾü۶ûֳֻ˵ķһǣҲûػ
ʱԼһſڣ˳ӡ
ǡСϱ˵˵ЦţЦȥĿᡣ
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ĸΪҪڵܾô࣬ʱһΪĸ׶ս
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ϾǸٲͬϱҲһ񣬲ô񻰡
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39

ʶдĵүԺִﶼʲôѣݺѪ̵׼
û뵽ôҵһ죬ΪСɸոյǾ仰ȷʵһͷͱֵ̫׺ˡ
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үǹҲܲͷһȵط濪ڣûصϲɡ
ǵҲؿǣ뼰ʲôִ裬ӹʱǿضִЦЦ˵˾仰ˣͰ⵱ǡ
˵Ŷ⻰ԣ⻰˹ȥû˵꣬ȹ裬ù˺ѾеһҲûʲô飬ûʲôøģŰɡ
ִǴС˺öģʵ˵Ǻöˡ
۸񲻷ƣҪǣɽǰ˻ʼУ˹Ʒֻбϴ͵ܵõˡ
ˣִǶ࿴˵һۣû뵽ܶ󷽡
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ԵɢӵˣԸּˡ
ǻͷ̫үүȥһǵĺӣ
лҪ˵ڶꡣ


40

ëëáִСˣСֶˣСֵܾһְһģ˵΢΢ЦŰһѺ˼һ
ллɩ۾ëëһѾͰѺӱˣûҲûʧ񣬱źӾһҾףӶˣ˼ѡ
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˵ҡͷҲѾнȥˣ֪ûôô
СѾŴСһЩѾȥżױıԺСɾǷȥˣСŴżѾ߸ӹˣȹүùԺĴͰԺߣѾҲǲҳȵˣһŮѾ߲С̾Ӿ̫øɾˡ
үҲǿʵŲ
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лҪ˵ꡣ


41

ִŸհѴóأ˴žѵſˣͷϻˮ
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Ҳû˵ϼ䣬ִոط滻ѣûãѾߵСɾлˡ
ΣСɾǵ˴СĶϺóԵĶ̫ˣִ˺üСѾǶһ㡪Լһ⣬Ǻüһִ򷢣Ǽ˴һȥ
ҵСܹʱһ˷ܵúͨͨģΧŵطתһӾͲǻᶪˮóˣ䳤ֵÿ
ǿִӶмɬЦͣЦöżֳ⣬Ů·Ƶġ
˸ִ͵͵Сߣϲ֮ˣЦͷˣûһᣬָ͡
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ʱүүûѵͱƣ͵ҹǵֳˡ
ҲԽĵõλĺͿ벻ˡ
úõһļ壬ʵƤӵ»꣬ǵУڱӣǸ̫үѲ˸ϵ
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43

ִﻹ֪漴ʲô߶ۼӴ˸ûһʹ˴ϣˡ
СѾͷϽڳԵ㡣
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ڣǺܳ⡣ܿڴӵĴٺãλŮǰ;ⲿɱǵµҵص㡣ϾҲףڻʵǻźء


44

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ͷĴãֵһֱصľʲôͷñȥʲô¾ñȥһȣ͵ꡣ
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45

ִддˣֻҪдǽһңд꣬ŷ߻иĬĬؿ
ϾǸ˼׵׵ж˵Ҳ׵ģִде㲻˼
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ֹ֮ʹһսˣξͳӲˣͿˣ˽ļ޽죬Ҫһ֮䡣


46

ִûĻȫ֪ڵľƣôĶ
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ܿ죬̫үǱǰ˱
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游ط̫ͣүǰ
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лҪ˵ꡣ

ĸл׷ġ




47

ڣִʱ׵İߣְҹδߣҲûõȥڴһɣûб˵Ĳˡ
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ô֪ţµϽĵԷ߶תͷסִ
лҪ˵Ϻá


48

µġ
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ǣȥ֮ǰֶϱлҪλ˵ִ̫ܿүǱ߿û˵Ϣ˵һ£ֵүȥˣ̫үǱҪǳˣǾǸˣҿ֪鲻٣λﱨţȻȥֶϱʣհҹСҲ̫үйȥˣһֱûҲûϢֶϱҲǵġ
ʲôûҲѵү׽õĿԭǡ
˵֮ɫˣźһ仰û˵˾Ȼһ£첽ߵ棬ѾǶ߶
һߵѾԺܣλ첽ȿ˿ڣ棿Уڱ߿ţʲôʳ
ѾЦˣҪඡ
һһڣⶾˡ
ִ￴ǿ첽ţҲ󡭡
СѾԣЩģӣҪСɾ
ҪСɾ֪֮£
ǱϾĸס
ûִ֪ЦЦҴնȥҪǲãǾˡ
һֽ£˵ɳ˾ˣûˡ
**
ִһֱûȥֱ洫˾Ҳû
еʮΣʵ̫Һ˽ȥ
ţûö˴ˡ
ʱ˶ڵϣ˻ﺬһȴڿޣѪ˵ڵ±ޣ㱨ˡ
ϵһƬѪ
ʱִ߽ص£ûʲô֪ж඾ָʹС˶ĸ͸Ǻӳԣ֪𣬹С̲סԼҲ˰⸮ⶼ֪СŮǶɱˣĺأⶼǼ޴ָʹҩ˻áˣ۱һˣضûУ̫ү˵ҪǸҵĺռҷصصıߣҶɱˣֻܳһ鲼ѣҸɽͷˣڲ֪ĵ»Ұҵĺѽ
ڵϵĵֳŵվᣬҵĺӰ
лҪ˵ڶҪϡȥˡ


49

£ִҲ֪һ֪ľ˿еǸ汾Ƕ޴󷿣붾󷿶Ůϴ󷿵СŮûˣҲûӶһӣһ꣬һꡣ
Сִﵱʱȫ֪˻̾˿дþǵļ˸ЩƷмתúñ塣
ΨпЦѡ
ִ벻ף˵ʱҲŮˣĶŮֻǶģֲǴүôˣ
ΪʲôִָָϵɴСѾȥãСѾѱץˣǼĴ˸ϣ̲סʵ
⵽Ϊʲôǰӵĺ޶ҲСŮϰɣ
۵ѾоˣҲվҲǵصĺסˡ
ɴϣøƵģһ㣬ԣԳԵЦЦŵǮǮ
޽ҪǮֻ͵͵ظһֻ۱һֻۣ˸˼ңϲѡ
õĶˣ̫үͲˣô£ûǮˣֲˣܵҪȢףĨᣬΣ
żȻֻҪĥͿǮԽֶΣԽöʹãһ仰˵ôܲԸ
ôһҪҲô죿û취
ô൶Сҹ±ңҲ¹ʲôãȲ̫үһס
ǶǮ
̫үȫĥǣˣҲûʲô
һǿݣ˭ǲ϶
Ǯִû
εû˵ˣʧѪ˹ȥ
ִҡҡͷȥ˵
˾ִܾ֣ûˣȥһѡ
ϵѪմȹӣ̧ͷСһۣڴվ
ȥ˿ڣּӣ⸮ﲻ˴ģ˵ڼл˰ҵأͷȥɣһӲټˣҲȴ⸮ǿ
⻰͵лɡ
ִף֪ˣлл
һߵױ̨ǱߣǱߵطϴ̨ҲǱߡ
СѾҲȥ˶˹
ߵһʱִﳯʾ⣬˵¡չǲģô죬õ˻
˱ϣЦ̧۾۰
ȥˮ
ǡ
СѾ¶£Ѿȥæˡ
ʵģҸʳˣ£ӹִݹˮһ֮Ȼָ侲Ҫɱ㣬Ͷϡ
⿤ǻεû壬λȹϣ˳ǻҲûĵַžͿɿˡһ㣬ɳĵǵַ⣬Ƕ֣˵λϲҴɣҲֹˣǵСҲԷޣҪ治Ը뿪Ҫˣ⿤֮ǰ֪ҴҪϲֻطҪ޹Ǳ㣬һϢȥûˡ
֪ǳϲģǼ޹ˣǴֶλȢġ
ǣֲסڳ͢СҪǼ˺ˣҪޣҪǷּСڵҲǼѵ£ðգǴֶиϱˡ
ȰߣҿֶҲܶˣСҲǸƵģǸŮģСҲĵûϲҪһͻȻֻѾΪˡ˰ѻ˵ˡ
ҲٿһСӼ޵ɥһӻ˲ˣ춼ڻ
ǡʱЦЦĲִһֱĴء
ֻôŮѾʱǲᣬǻ˶Ǵ֮ǰɱǣһɱһ
ջأѾ߾ͺɱˣִЦãúôţ˵
νһ
ʳǸµˣǸһͺûôô
˼ҵĹүˣ
л棬ЩµʱһծٵСǻ֪ôҪ˵֪⸮ǳʲôˣ̫үȥˣȥˡ
ЩǵͷҪ֪Ҫġ
һծ˻ˣʱҪǲôʰ
СѾʱˮѣСѾΪѾ۹Ѻܺʶǡ
ʰˣ˵ִ֣ͻȥǵš
үӦѾˡ
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ûõ
ڵȥ٣һ֮ûвʹôˣȫǣֻһˣһܰ쵽
үүͣȥǰȥ붽ཻõŸλϴ֪һϢ
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ż֣æڸ̽
θûоϢųȥһ˵ִſǻǱ߶֣Ҳǳԣڶһ磬ûȵչҵֻŰݷõҡ
ִܵܵʱʹڣûϳĻʵۿŵ¹ŵĵһһٲû˵ƵеıͲ
Ǹƽʱº͵Ļʵۣû¾ϲЦһЦѴЦĶˣҲЦһѣͿʼɱͷˡ
ʮĻʵۣеĴûϰ٣Ҳʮˣÿɱ
ȵ۵һӻʵɱĴ󳼼Ҫࡣ
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һ˻˾䡰ԩһʵЦֹˣͷݺݵؿ˵ϡ
ʵۿ⵶ҵһһ٣Ҳͦ˼ġ
ϵȶˣСĻҪܽڳǸȹţֱֱûǵεαϰҲûԭ
£֮ǰô˵ţС˵ϣҲȢҵӣʱɱҵʱ򣬶ɱ
̫˼ˡ
ССʱǸ˼ˣǷͷСС²£˵ǵǽΪʴ̵ģҪܶԼǾ͸õǰ׳Գ͢ˡ
˼
ʵ۵ʱˣ⵶ҵðˣҪĥŰѵôŪȥʱ򣬳˸ǰһġ
Ȼʮ꣬Сûʧ
ʵѾ˴ģҪµµĵǸУСӣŸոտʼ
⣬ǻǶȥ£ҵ˰ɡ
뼰ʵߵЦˣ˿ڣһھǸС˵޵󽫾
ڡط˵ţ̧ͷĿ侲ؿ˻ʵۡ
һҲûкµӣʵ۸ЦˣƵص֪ޣҪôǵ𣿡
ϸ֪
ϣϳᣬ˸˵ΤĵͼĲϣǼʽֻҪһͻᵱ
졣
Ͻ޸С˵˵ʵಱӣص⼸̫æˣС׵¶ʣȸ޵󽫾úģҵһȡ
ҪˣǺúõİعΰɡ
޼ǵãȢݳּҵӰɣ
ǣָŮطͷĩǰ¶ʮڸӭȢΪĩ֮ޣĩӡ
ƽʱ̫˵ɱ״Ҫ˵ģһ˵һѣʵۻֲϰߵģЦŵϲɣ
ϲ
Ӧûϲ²С
طü
ղҵޣͲڵϴˣˣ˵ҪǶ㣬;޵ǰʳ
˵Ϊĩ˾ãط̧أ΢˵ͷĩ֪ǹѣҼҴӾþ֮ˡ
ȥçײ֮ˡ
Ҫȥ϶׼𴥻ϵۡ
£ֻһеͰˣǻ£ųɡ
ɱֻҪţһ칦ֹ
С
㵹˽ʵбͲ
ĩӡ
ָʵ̧ͷϿŵֱƺöûˣǺþúþöûˣ˼ˣ
̩꣬ɽʮڼжŮߣٸʹ
ǵͦġʵЦˡ
ĩԵսǰǰȥߵ̩ɽֻǶɳһֱûгС
ˣޣ÷ʱ䣬ȥݿˣʵüϷһ䡣
лҪ˵ǰһдˣǰһˣлλǵĶĴԡ
ĸˣ
Уӣл
angela1


50

ط΢㶣漴ͷ͵øͣˣл϶׼

͢ҲûˣǾٿɡ
ʵǵЦŨˣ󽫾
ĩڡ
գеడ
ط룬ǡ
ᣬͷĵѾӦǾǻˣʱϲ񣬡ʡ
ΣĻֻ˸ֻ֣һ֣ݽȥ˰֣һ²Ѫ¿
Щţʵ۷±Ͳ˸Ƿ̺ģӣ޽ǲû˯Ļš
Ҫɱ˾ͺúɱɣŰѪҪطȥˣȻ᲻òʵߵҡҡͷ﹧صϣûе£ղϳ˯һʱ
ѽˣԡ
ʵԴѾһѪĵ˿ȥЩţ͸޸ģȻʸʵۣ뿴޵󽫾㰡
˾˿ϲʡʡ
УʵƵؽ˵ʲһŶòһڣ밡Ƣʲ޸ǱƢˣ㻹ȥ¸ɣʡޡ
ϳȥϳȥʱʵۼ󽫾ýģԺΤĿ˰ϳȥɱˡ
Թԣɱ󽫾ˡ
ΤϳȥˣеǺŤһԴ˲һ죬ûȥûˡ
Ҳ̫³һɡ
ʵ۾ָп˸ȫò̵ءһ£ߵüëһһʵġ
ȫ£ٳ»ϣûģ˵ǣ̺һӵū¡
ˣ䰡ⰲˣİѵ޽пհʵƣ˸λÿţ˱Ͳţ˵ǵҲˣǵҵɣ޶ţΤãΤƣôһϴһķöò
ͷɱأ⻵һ˵գ̿һ䣬ϣȻỹҪȥʺɹء
ãˣԡʵԼԴ˯ã¡
Ѿٶ˵ˡ
У˵°ɣʵ۳һ£˵޸ţʵǸǵģ޸ģײ
Ҫǲܴ̣޴طӳޱҲģ⼸δ̫ˣÿôһ㣬͵Ļ޸ΤȢϱģ޶Щ˼ֻٿˣЦؿ󽫾롣
úñְ
ĩˡ
ˣ
Ժʤ̡ط浱Ȼס
Ǵ̴ģʵ۲СǵҾ̫Сˣǰʤ̵ʹͣ˵ﻹѹһЩãȫõġ
ǵ죬ҲȥᣬȥŻᰴʱʡ
ǰֱӴ˰عĻʹ׶Ǵϴһʵģʵ۵˲֪ð˳ᶼûľ
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ʵ۵Ŀ쵶ӺͶ۵ӣõĺܳ֡
Ǹˡʵۿ̫ˣ治˼ôóӸŪûˣҪȻ͢һѴ첻Ըϳˡ
ΤҲд̵ģ̻治絶ҵλ˼Ұ˷ˣΤҴһط˶ʮˣҲûǼҴʲô˼ҵжС磬ʵ۹ЩΤҵʹ͡
ΤҪٸһΣΤҾĸαͷ⣬̲סҪһˡ
һܵ͢иر̣˼ȥġ
⸣ʵ붼еĽ
޲Ϊ㣬˵ôõĻ춼˵ˣȥʺֱˮˣʵ۵˵еıͲ游ڹǱ㸸ηɱ
ûǵҵʲôͷ֪ɡ
ң޾Ͳˣʲô¶ʵˣʵ˵⣬۾ˣ޿ϣңõңҾûǸඣ㿴Űɡ
ʵҲ˵ô죬վ˸˸ǷߣĪûʺȼˣҪһ壬޺¡
úǡ
̿Цøȥ;в󽫾Ͱ̧̧ģ
ߺ󣬵طվû
ֱΤſڳ֣žѣ󲽳˹
ǸϵĴϵ޹ԶǻʵһЩµĵط
Τ󣬽ӹ˿첽͹ľƴš˵ط棬һڡ

طӹƴſһֱֱ˰ŰѾƴݸΤ꣬Ҽиõģͷһ㡣
˵ˣϵȵı򲻵յӡΤЦˣ̧ĿŴǰ죬ƣֵɡ
û˵ʲô㣬طҲûʣΤվһᣬΤ깰֣ΤСš
ûؼˡ
ļˡ
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ᵶִֻڳܡ
ִΪһӵбȨļҳСֵؼҸҸϲġ֣Ҵ㣡
ֻձۣԴˡ
Σ˿ۣٵظҽ㽲ؼˣңֻһ㣬ҴС˵ҰﶼΪҲܲãǱߣǽ꣬ǵļңǵĸּǸطǸطû۸ǡ
ɣСһȰȥӣִЦ
أ㡣
ڵңֻҪţֻռͷǱ߹ٳ£ָҪֵ룬ָٶ
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浱˵߾߰
ܣ޶ޡ
㡭һҪЦЦûӣֻˣ˲ϼ緶ˡ
ִСٻߣŵܵܵߵĵϡ
Сڿţ¾ֻʮֵ꣬ʱһˡ
书ԽԽԽԽߣвôȥ븮ߣôⲻ׵Ҳһա
ٳֻá
ôã˵ʵ̫ˣϻѪ̫ˡ
У͵ͿΪߵ𣿡ִСֵһž͸죬䶼Ϊ뿪ҲˣҪǣʲôˣ֪㣬ʱҲ֪ô죬жԲӦԡ
˶Ѿɳȥˣֻ֪ôҽҲ侲һ㣬̲ס㣬һݰɣʵڲ룬ȥҲá
ٿô׵¡ִǲεЦˣĪ˵Сݣǵϣ˼ҳ¾ŤƨߵģǼҼҷǼ£ûǱ尡
Ǽѡֻڽҡͷ£ѻֹˣҲ֪ʩͼǲϲż޽죬⸮ѾĿˡ
㰡ҪǼˣҪΣҳһƷŻɳޱߣհ
֪Ҳᡭ
ͺãˣԹٻأȥٵ㣬ʲôϢˣϲ˸߽㡭
ִ˵ˣֹˣ⳯ϴѵĴأվſڣм䶼ռ˵С
͵վһ˹ȥ
ǻˡ
ſվճ¶ЦһֱվſûĵС˵һڣȥʲô
лҪ˵Ϻð


51

ִһӴãˡ
ȥִգգۣЦСﻹģǰݣȱ˼Ҳ֪ܲãڶЩأŵÿȥʲôģûкŪҡ
ûкŪ㣬Ҳ֪ھѾںŪˡ
طؿСһۡ
ҪʱѾϳȥˡ
Сӣֻˡ
Խȥ
ֻѾֱͦĽѾõû˵Ľ򣬵ʢˣƴǰһֱӭ˶ֻǲ˰벽
ⱳͬʱҲðһ󺹡
ʱطһա
ôźŪ˵ִʱܣǰ
ʱֻһ
طŵĽȡ˳ְ˵ֱ۵˵ƿѽȥźá
ִһ亹ձ˿̬صﰡˡ
ҪǶСӣû죬ǵóɳ˰
ط濴ֻһָָۣűߵӣ˹ȥ
˰벽ֻ˿ڳȥŽҲһٺĽ㣬سҡҡ֣ȥǣǱȥˣԥһ£ȥűߡ
⼸¶ֻ࣬һ£ط͵ºͣæ꣬ʹظҪ죬֮ȵ㸮ϣʱٸǸ
ֻһ˵ϽվҾ˸񣬡ˡ
طţϱҲûʲô仯ӵҸջȻỹҪ飬ȻȥԱߣߡ
ݣ⺰һ
ڣſͻȻһģīɫѵ׳󲽳ſ
ҵʿеݣСڵҳģȻȥ￴ҹˣźͽȶپơ
⡭
ȥɡ
Сӣ룡
ط滰һ䣬Ľʿֻ֣
ֻеĻᣬһһ;ͰָС롱ȥˡ
ֻһȥƵƵͷݣոյĻûȥ鷳ɣ
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̫ˡ
ûӦǵģСˡ
ᱻǿȥι۵ĻС·£ִﲻϵܽĴصͷͲܻ㣿߲дһ㲻֪ܴң
ѽѽ˵ƣ˵ֹүʱ򣬹үѾűˣܵģү˵סˣǹү˳̫ˣ򲻹
ִղҲ鵽ǿаСֵܴߵĽʿӰˣҲǺ£ؿ˵ǣǳ̫ˣҳŶˣ㡣
ǵģ̫ˣ¡
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Ҫȥˣһָ˶Ҫˡ
㲻Ұɣûء˵˵ִϽϴ̨ǱߣǱߴ򿪵Ĵ󴰰ϣµ
Ҫ˵
˵ɣءִ治ɫմѪ·ŵһߣųˮմˮ
طվһߣŵ⼸ռ˵ˣֵ磬ϢҪ龩ˣ游˵ǱжʬᣬǱ߻ʬףҰҪȥ̧ңС㣬⼸ȥˡ
ִ꣬е˵϶֪ԸҲֻǻ겻صͷ
֪еȥҲŴˡ
̫үΪ»ԭ䲻ңΪɱԭ䣬ɴȰѻԭݺˣΪͬͨͬˣСĸһ޽ңг޿һֱҰӲС
طŴˣҲû˵Լȥˮϴ
ִҲһعС̫ү֪ĸ£С檵Ĵļ𣿡
طҡҡͷ֪Ҳ֪ôΪģôġ
游£Ҳôġ
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ִＷˮ˵Ȼ϶£ԡˣȲһѣ㻻ѣϻϸϴϴ
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ɱ㣬ֺʾ⣿ط꣬
ǡܵʱ˵ĵѾˣִʱҲ˵̫϶ˣи游иĵĸףмĳǿ϶ˣŲס
ģСĵˣ֮ǰ˵ֺô
ϵˣִŷ֣СӣȻ˽ĸס
طСˣ̫ġ赹ֻΪҵʱ䲻ʱµϡʯì̲֪͵˭ˡ֮ǰĵۻش͸Ҹд̴̿͵αװɸǴ׼дҪãŵУûҲû˵ʱãΪǼãǱüи͵ì̲һ޷αװĶ۴̣ʱгѶֻܴŽʿˡ
ִ꣬һƨɾ£һ亹
ôһ
ǰߴ̣һƷ
СûˣҲСһҹ˵ǻˣʵû裬ֻǲѹѣСõѻģ֪װģһҹûװйСһۣ˺ų겻ңϲڸСطۿִһ粻ɼˣˣͰҴ˴޹أ붯ˣٲ֣ٲúùҾҪûңûˣĵŸҲҪ游׺ҵûˡ
С˵ú侲Ҳûʲôִ棬ͷĿС
Ҳ㣬ôܹ㣿طվվǰֲϵᣬ̾˿ǣҼˡ
⣬һˣ
лҪ˵ڶ


52

ĸǱߣ˰õİ취Ǳߣʱ䡭ǣ۵ҵĻҪϢˣǸߣҰˡʱջкܶԼȫӦԳ͢һ˵ȡǱߣ⣬ǻվߡǣҲһҪסˣڵһм£游ɱķԷǳף죬Ҫ渮סˣκﶼãҪ£ҡ
ף
ĵܵûҲ꣬ꡣ
ִɳҪ꣬ڻǿɳ׵Ĺأ׵ͷ֪ˡ
ǲܵ꣬ҵТ
Ҫ𾴵ĳؼҲ⣬λ
Ҳòء
¼Ҫ

ȥĸǱߡ
ã
մ¾űߣִ׷űߣûһͼˡ
ˣ
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ӦõģӦõġִЦúϲ£죬Цһ룬ÿҪ٣
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Ȼȵϣִ˵ĶǴŵҾҵ˸ӳȥˡ
ʱֱ䣬ǵҵԺھǵûʲôӣСӸҼ޽ɣпɺÿɺõСɾԸȢǼҵСӰɣ
Ķ࣬ȫںڶһִͰ͵嵥ִﺬ˸ͷ˾ֱӵģҲã⸮ҲʲôֵǽģҲٻ˺˼ҵӣҽģҾͶǺã˵
Цˣô꣬Ҫ̣˭˭̣Ҳˡ
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һţڽҵϱĿĽּСס˸Ҿ֮漴͵ݹȥһӣҪǽȥ£Ҫ⣬㰴дĻشǡ
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طۣСӵĲӽˣ⻰ֶ˶٣漴µذѲõˡ
ϽСѾϴȥһҹû˯ɣִﲻò¶֪϶ڸЩŪ˵£õϢ˿϶ǱһӵĻдԲߣСڹ⿴ŶҪըˡ
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55

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С˹ִﶼûյʵ̫æˣæĲꡪ󷿵Сӵ˾һð˳λεĳȥͬʱҪ渮նΪĸҪѪϴֳסۡ
ִǳСӾͱִʱѱŭĴС⡪СŮνŮһˣʲôˣ˵˼˵ⱩŴ˹ͷġ
Σ˼ɴСѾҲģСԸѾ߰ѱһƴͷ˵Сߣؿš
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ҲּҵļūֻΪүӵģݸûִµǵҪүеѾߣС飬ѧܼңѧ̣͸ĸ޸ף˵ǲУҲҸģһּĶˣӰūˣǮףڣҲŶ˺ͶŮ˾ǡ
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ҲǰۣǼСծͷ̥̥ĸﱧŵģչ꣬ĸ̫գһֱڱʦ˵ҪͨڣҲ˵Ҳû˵ˡ̥ҲǸģҲڱţûȥ㡣ǰո˵ͷҿ̸ð̥꣬ⱮҵķͷǰУʡٿˡ
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59

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ݼ˰ڷŵĶ࣬ԵòִֻүЦŽЦûֹ˾͵ǰˡ
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61

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62

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ڰúôھǣʱʱҪƤ˲˵ʲôʵ۸ֺǺǵؿˣ
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벻˻лһ죬ֻҪ˻ˣ԰ʵűȶԳ˶༸ֵԣ¶ЩǣûƢ
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ֵŵĸϥʱѾʮˣСܲ꣬СС֮һҲľľģɺˡ
ʱɥӵĻʺˣ˺ܶ๬Ķӵϥ֮ûã͸Ƕʺϥ¶ӳȺģľľʲô·СܵҲͺܿô
Ǹʱâ¶øʻģΪ˸ʵĳ谮һǡ˸ʵĻԶԶģĸе˵ķӡ
ĸĴΣĥ˭ֻҪĥֻһֻ۱һۣʹ̡
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ҸԡЦԷĻ֣ҡҡͷ磬˵ ЦЦģЩǶɵˡ
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Сӣʵ̲סЦԴһǣ쾡Ϲ֣
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һֱңǰԶĲ࣬;òҡĽˣҲˣ;ˡʵ۱ߣ
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64

ҹʵ̫ˣִڽŻ˸ʱողһܼҾվˣӭš
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׼ִһʱ֮ûعŵǣҪ𣿡
Ҳû룬ѾͷжϾóõġ
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ңҵӵܣеҵľʿֻҪıһְٰģСҲ˵ˣϣܴȰͷһѣҪͷһöȵķã
ԼҵģǵҾģͷ϶ûǮ
һŴ໴УִΪӣܶ¸ϸ룬϶˯š
ǶҪĸ˵һ£ָȥ˵ִۡһѣʵܡ
Ȼ
ֶϱִչ˵¸Ҫ̧˻Σ˵ǲǶˣ
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ʲôʱ򣬰նȺ壬ֻҪܳﲻУֻʳ¯Ȥ
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ǣҲġҲǵúܣбۿˣվĸߵģҲȲסҪඡ
˰һۣϲ˵ңôûãҾ͸ֶϱ˵ѣ㿴棬ҪǸ˵ǵ㿴Ҳ˺ǵ졣
ǣϽģҪĶãȻͽֶϱߵĹ£ϻˣ¶ûæꡣ
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һߣִùܳѾ߶ˣԸ꣬ڹȥţСʦү˷һԶٷ
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˵ǱһǾ͹ǣСʦүǿҪԺܣˣˡ
Σø˺Ƿ׵ܵһһҲ⡣
ѽСʦүˣСʦүСʮͣԺѾ߶СҲܵܿһͷͷ͸Ͻкϴ
л㣬𲻣ûԹСʦүʡ
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ˮͱˣҲϴõģôˣѾǻ֣ʦүд˴ʦү֣СʦүдСʦүʷдʷ֣ϵĺܡ
ϴСʦүϵָʦүʷҵģСʦү
˵žɵֲѡ
СʦүҪϴˣȥӱ߰ɣǱ˵ء
СʦүıȥˣϻĳߵʱѾ߽
ˣˡ
û͵ˣִЦѣͷ׵ܴܵ˼꣬ö˵֣Ͻ˺óԵˡ

ǣԡ
лˡСʦүһҾףɵЦ£ӹ룬һڣͷСغ
Կ㣬һ㿴ǡ
ɳɳġСʦүװһۣģĵسġ
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ǻǸСִҲС˵ˣʦүĺӣСʦү߳ġʦүģ͸ģʹ˶μͷһ飬˵طʦүˣܻǳԡ
ĥ˱棬ɳɳľǱɳ͡
óԡ
컹ȵģҲóԣʱ򵽷źȡ
ţҪˡ
áִЦֳ߹ʦү΢ЦŵλˣϿҪϲˣȥȥˣǺǡ
ˡ
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ȣǳԵģʦү˵θе㲻̫ãܲûɳģ
лˡʦүվ
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ִߵڹǳԵģִﲻòͱˣҪǳҪˡ
ڹǺߺûеֺֿ졣
ִֻСѾòʳ軯ˮȥ
һٷԵҲãĳǳԷģ˳֣ҲͶԱˣӶԵĻͦ
Сʦүʱ֪ʷΪʲôҪϵҲеĿ۹ˣϵһӾԵÿˣͦŵĶӿҲͲôˡٿԼϵŲͦúԵСӣЩĽؿʷ
ִϽѾʳĲˮŸʦүǺʷ˰θӪǮ
˼ǣˣһ䣬ѹģⶬ±һһġⶼҪУ޿һõһ죬޻ˣ֪м޻ģ⼸ֵ޻ز٣ҿҪôܱ࣬˲٣ʱõļˣ˵أ
ҿУ˵ġʷһֽʣ֪ĵģ޻ˣˣҪǮˡ
ۣϤżǲż֪ɣ
֪ҳǮǼġ
ִЦŵͷǣǮ˼ҡ
ǻǮλֱ˾е˾
ҸǼе㽻飬͵ţǾѾظˣ˵ˣҲǮ֣һ룬յһ͸ǵҾġӪҪǷ㣬죬ǾͰھ߷Ĳ÷춼ɵӪ
Сʦүһ۾ɴˣôɣ
ôʦү̲סһǡ
ҾǼѴģ㴩
Ҫǲ죬ھͰͷˡʦүۿ
Сʦү˼
ˣִЦŽӵ⣬˼ǣôһھǽʿЩģвˣͷҲǵ뼸ϸһѲһΡ
òǮɣ˵ʷʱ̲סˣӹ𣿡
ǹģĻ˵ִʷ΢΢һЦҲãûǮ֪ǵǵҾжҲýڳ͢Źи˵ǲǣ
ʱ̶ɣһҪ׼˭ˣȥɻ͡
ΤҾͼ£ȫΤҲѾȸǵҶˣ
˵ΤҲúء
лҪ˵ˡ



77

طĬĬû˵
꣬СʦүʷСشˣɫУ󽫾ŴСıӰСʦү·Ǳĵġ
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ȻҲû죬Ϲ˼Ÿձң͢Ͼʹˡոû죬ɱȥıˣϳٵͷûˣ̡ȥĲɣһ⡣
ٳ𾪡ԼһҲˡ
̯ôʵ۵ϰոɵۡ
ִڼﶼŵõľģһԼְԱ˵ĻʵĿУڼֱһĴڡ
˭Ӱ
֮ǰһڹŴѹ·޵ͨ˴ˮĻʵ۲ôˣҲӦǸûʵˡ
ֹǺûʵۣû
˵ʵʵҲûдû׼̣һ͵⼸ְλѡˣ˵ڳ͢ҪΪ˲ţڿѡҲëԼ
°ոȺ鼤ˣԼӺ㿴񵱹ٵģҵҷˣסݣ
˳ȢС檣ԺССҪ̧
£Ǹ˶нӴµĶǰĴģȥˣĩˣƨɿ˳ֹסһЩûƾʵѧˮ˵ġҲֻһЩǻһѵˡ
ʵŪô£ǵǰֱͲˡ
ʱĶ쳤Τķسأʵûĺһһĺù֣԰Ĵ󽫾ȥ򶽲ˡ
죬󽫾Ҳæһæżʵۣ˶߼װĵ˵ĸү¼ǿĸ˴ãʵۼæýŲմˣʱٻգߣȥĶǿĶǻ𣺡޻Ųλøģްȥ
󽫾ˣְͷ˽
ʵվ𣬰ϵĴϴűԴҡ
󽫾˼ңС˵ҲҪܻš
˵žǲ
ִСһᣬȻôæôߣ
СҲ˵óʣһǵسԣһʮԡ
ִȻ򣬸ϽѾߣСţװһ˿
ȥ˸СĴӸץһǣϵãùŵ
С̧ǵʱС̧Ǹ졭
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Сû˵֮ǰĶѾˣ˵ÿֻܳһ㣬Ҫݶԣܶԡ¶࣬ܣﻹҪţҪʵ۰ѸĶˣҪ˰ӣĿ죬ԵҲ࣬һ¾ͳˡ
ǱҲ֪ΤôģһľƵģǹͰˣǳӶ飬ֻԼˡ
õ㣬ԼĽʿȥ֣Щʡųܶһᡣ
СӣҳԸǡˣطǵˣ˳
ִЦȥһ
󽫾ڼúóԵģ־ʹԺһİѵʣòذïЩõܴˡ
·ϵʸ˵طǲҲҪ󶯣
߶֮󡣡
˵ͷ磬һߡ
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󶼶λãҪĸιְ֮С
ˣ
ˡЦ
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磬ҴСͰܣвסûĸҲĵطǳȥ㼸꣬⾩Ҳ㡣
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ЦھıְСһãһСĥ꣬һ濴ܵʿѲֵλã
ɡ
硭ذѶҵø缷ط˵磬ȥĸλöУСҲɣˣҪ
磬ëëïˣ磬һСɶҪܸҵɩĳԵĲ
طһƻ
**
ḮִҲ˵СԼҵĶȥʶ˰ȥˣҲǹֺЦġ
˵˵Ҫȥ游͸ĵӡ
ⶼȥС˰ɣ԰̧ˣȥˣִСѾ
ǡ
ûأ
ûʲôš
Ǿͺúôšִһаһίίڵĵ̫ˡ
ڵĵҶɶʺˬסںԺżǰЦֵžͺܿġ
ȻôǾʹȡ裬
˵͢ô£𾪹󣬾ֻʣˡңǼҴ󽫾ϱϵȥϹĿѡȡ֮ţǸԼҶµ׼㲻ôüˡ
֮ǰ˵ˣޣףҪŮģǸĲŶģȫҶԸģûһš
׼Ż̫䵶ذģԼཻõѼҵӣҲ磬ʲôûУֻʣˡӴ󵶸ΣҲֻȥ룬Ĩȥ󵶸
û죬ϾͰѻ͹鶼ˣңҪҪְЩҪλãȫˡ
ִһҲѾǷֹ׼
ʵҲ̵̫סҲ̫סɣ
һԣСֵͳȥˣҪƾСֵǼ˼ܶһϺꣿ
ǶǶΤҵĻ
һ룬ִ˶𾪵òˣһ޽ʵүһ·ɱɱɱǵӹһ٣ֱȱӡ
춽ǱҲæˣ֡˳͸ڹÿλպһӣʳоܣЪһģ˵æȥ·ġ
ҲǸ·ģʾԼܳһ˲ţ˵Լعת϶ܱӻϵط֣ޱߣϳаߣϷܳøСƵİװ֣һܳ졣
һܳ죿
⻰ޱĵ󽫾۾ɴˣһӾͰ㺬ʵȥȻعŭɶûعϷױӵøСƵİװ֣Ȱƨɴø˵Сһˡ
ᣬִС·סܻظʱٷᣬǱ˹ִȥһˣܹܣִ˵ʱ۾ǺģСִ˵̥е㲻ȣ˺죬·ҪɣүϽȥ
лҪ˵磬ǽĵһ

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ִһˣѣͷץص֣װǼӶó죬졣
Ѿȥˡ
ִ˿ˣϣССĶϡ
ҲϾ˼ʰԼˣϹܼǿһЦһȥûʲôʧİɣ
ûе¡Ϲܼһ̿֡
ھߣѾ漴ͻִѾ̧ˡ
ˡ
ó߿һ㡣ִＱߣһ·ߵԺ˼̧Ľӣһ·˼ǰϡ
СѾѴŴСŰָǸִõϵľҩˡ
ˣִźġ
ӣˡСѾһͷĺ𼱣ҸҪһ飬ÿӶڡ
ˡִﳤ˿
㣬Ī˵꣬˵λ㰵аһУֹǾ֮һҲ֪ڻ൱еλģʵذٲȻǰͰĹǣʵڶԵʹ˽ҹ΢̬ȣȻСǰѽҲһ㰲ڴ֮
Щﶼֻ㲻ᣬҲװ֪
˵ִйµģʼͶӽʹһʹ۾ˣ̫ҽǰҲҲԭѪҲֹҲֹסʱ򣬼ǰŸ˵ҪֻҪҲˡ֪ûеģͷӽִִŵ㣬ĸ֪⵱һȥ壬ܻãֻˡ
ִһɫ԰ףɫޱȣѾʧİ֮ǵȻǸȫģˣƸλãлҪ˵
ϲİûƵģֻ૵˲ֻҪˣӦҰͷˡ
ͷȫʹĺ˿ֹסʹԸϰ̣򹫹̧ҽűߣץҵĽš
̧С
޶ԣкִù
ִղһͿұ̥裬ʱҵˣһк˵ǰңǼҰصΪı̥裬гһõϣ˵ˣģֹסѪ
ѾγӰҩ赹ʱҲûֹˣΪһγּȴ˶ĿһҩζŨţ֪Ǻҩ
ȥ
ץִֽ˽ۣһᣬ۳ִǿЦһЦãöˡ
϶áִãҲһѱƿӽԱߺŵģȫҲ͸˵ϹŮţǱ裬Ѿ֪ôȥһˮ
һԵ̫ҽѾˣ֡
ִ￴һۣͷͷŰѱ轻
ͷͣһܱסϢɢҩͷʲôҲ̫öһöһˮȥΣҲˡ
һᣬԱ߰Ѿعˣִеı̥衣
ʱͷɢȫᣬȫӡ
䲻ȥִ˳Ŵ𣺡̥裬öһһö
һۣҲܻҵˣ־쵽̽ͷȥ˵ܿ죬ֹˣ㰲ġ
˵վץסı̥ƿؿڣصѹѹ̧һѲϵᣬˮļ˸
۾һֱߣٻǽ޵ӣʱҲһڴִȥСñ϶Ǻˣһ¶˸ЦݣҲǡ
öˡ˵˶٣ֵСԣ
ָָĿڣһֱڹȥһʱǸ֣ϰ˾ͺãʲô⡣
˵ȸղϢˣû˸ղֺڽ߾һ˵ĸоִҲ˿Цҡͷģҽ㣬ҽһҲ˿
ˮˡ˵ᰲСضŻˮˣҩˮò˶೤ʱ䡣
̫ҽѾˣվִʣҩͬʱãͻ
ᡣϽŲλãվִҡͷ
ģ÷
ܰɣĪǽʥҽܰɣ
ǣָˡ
ϴνŲˣǰȥݷãҲûݷõ˼ҵݣֻܵϻ磬ǰȥ
ˣãǰһ䰲ŭ˫Ŀ˵ģһֱִǸһУҩûöǲˣ㿴һ룬˳ˣöȵ㡣
ϧظϵĺֻͷϵظִ˵ţ߻ΪеЦݣӣж໬ˡ
ִЦҡҡͷûˣ⣬ģġ
û˰
ʱۣҡͷһ£ͱˣСģҲԣҵȻ͸õǸ
СѾſҲ޿κΣܰ˼ʮѰӣƳ⼸ö̥ģӵʱҲ˵ˣҩмڵݺܳйǸʱ䣬ĸģʡãһãǰȫóˡ
ӿ϶˵Ҳֻܱ첻ˡ
ʱûһ˯ȥˣ̽Ϣȣ˵òС
չ˰ϹŮǰִͣ۵ֽһ̶ûչۣǸ˯ˡ
ִͷ
һ˰һֱ˯Ҳûִߣִţֱ˵Ĵ󽫾Сӡ
طһ̬İֱӸԴߣЩܡ
ָСѾŵҩӡ
󽫾һûʲôִ󣬾еĳȥ
ִһЦãȥץ֣ǼҶǡ
ҪĶˣǰЩҲܾˣҪ˲ɣǾͶľС
ҲֻǱ˶ѣӻҵģûع
󽫾ŻͷſСѾŵļӣüϵҲû£ﻹУŻعͷһ֣ǣˡ
˵ʹСߣС֮ǰ˵үҩãҸղŸ̥һһΣһΡ
ȥеӽĵ󽫾Сӻ߶߶§ɱȥ
СӸˡվŵִУ±ô§һᣬؼȥˣ׵ָұƵġ
ҹȥִﲻ̤ʵҹСŻŴȥݶ˻ǣҹС磬˯š
ڹѾСѾ˵ĻˣҲûСС棬ֻǵС˯ˣɵߣϵؿүŮ
ѹҲǻģǶ϶ζһʤһ죬ۿͲһͱһˣү˵͵˾ȵףҹ̣˼ƥ͵ܰ
СӵЩ£ϵĹ磬̫ˣһһۣСӵСһݡ
ڶһ磬طİȥϢִҲѾ˹һϢˡ
еĻʵ͵õϢˣһϳǰҲζӳ£Ȱǰڣʰѱλãд˵֡
ǻҪѹŵģ鲻ֻܸܸһ֮λ¶󽫾Ը
ʱҲҲҾʱҲòЭһΡ
ϳ˴¡
ִ߸սӵûµϢһеĶֵˣڸд󺰣Ƕү٣ˡ
лҪ˵ڶ

79

ɳ飬˴һƷԱͳȫ**¡ֹܸפݡӵӹԱ
Ϊһߵλ̫үүһ˭Ҳûռλõıߡ
ֻ꣬λ顣
үһΣ˵ҲܷǷٴÿ곯͢Ĺλ
ֻҪˣټҽˣٺ⣬԰һֱΪǮᶼƥһˣȫս
ڵҾһٶʮƥȫӪսʿáɳսǰѣһƥҪǾǧѡĺսһƥֵߴҲֹˣսĲϲܱ֤ܺǵٶȺǿ׳
İƥװϣûжʮȫ䲻ġ
˽ǼǳǮ¡Щǻʵۿ˵䣬Ծٹ֮һСӣһͳŵ佫Ƿǳѵ¡
ȻҲǳ͢ӵ˽ҵһֶΡΤұ뿿ʵ۲һپľӡ
Τҳ˾һӪפأԼĽԹžֹӵбصģׯԺһŶС
ûбֻ֮ڻʳдţʵ۹ʹͶҲǼܿǵĸλʵûаǵӵȨջΨһһԭ
ڣͳ±ݵıɵˣϢըó͢˵󽫾֮⣬ȫ͢ĹԱһʱ֮䶼ûع
ϵƽ֮أܶڼ˽˼׻ʵе㲻ԼĶ䡣
ᵶĶûȥԼר̸ִֶϱϲˣүαˣոսּȥˣֶϱ̫ллҴˣģⷿμĶģ壬ģֻܷģһҪģ
Ѿϲˣƽʱܳסʱϲ̬ȫˣ˵еˡ
ִҲǸˣүһλǾ˵Ժ۸ǼҵݣҲжүȥ˺˰
̫ˣ˺ӮֻҪϣǾһֻһҲܷʵүѽ
úõظǵһ۱ؤؤҲûһĶҲǿԵġ
ʱҲǸ˵ÿеʧ̬Ҳˣ밡ԺǵҲ췢ôһʮˣǲ֪ζЦѹˣ
˵Լ̫ΣϽЦ
ǮǮүһΣǾǰ׻ǮǸϷˣҪǮ乫ˣϰѸǵظ⸮СӼֱҪ˵ˡ̫ඣһ֡
ǣǸ׽˵ģʱֶϱִ֣֣ͬЦ۾Ҳ죺ǿྡˡ
ִЦŵͷֵúõģһͬҳҲҼҴɵģҲǶүүǵĶǺ;ģǵǵģҪúõذ˵ָٹ⣬󵶼öУ˵ǲǣ
ʱҲ˹ˣͷ˿ˣдԺҪСΪϲǡ
ĪҪòײŵת
תôģ֮ס̫үʹλǰ棬⸮Ҫû£Ǿŵġ
ⲻܹʵģҲῪȥʣֻҪץסĻᣬʧС
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£Ǽ˵˵ʵϺּҲǱ۲ѣǼҵСϽ֮Ҫͺˡ
һ䣬ܶҲͱر
ִŶǼ˲ϵҵķӵȣȵк˹û죬Ǳȥ
˵ǰöˣ˹˵ִŰĵظ˹ȥûϴôţ·϶޳ˡ
һ㣬仹ɫ԰ףɫöˣǰǰ׵ñȰֽףҲЦˣϲϲظ밲үչ㡣
ЦЦúܲȻҪſڣʲôƵģְͷˡ
ֱּּҵǸܰٵеģѵһ٣ڣͲܿڣֻܰͱյýģſſڡ
Ҳ˵˵һҾҲͬһǡﻹ´ִ֣
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󽫾˰ΤҳˣⳭҲ޻˵
֤ȷ䣬ҵĻΤҲһ佫ҵμɳһƷĻ
Τֻǳ˼ңϮĽû壬ҲǲеĴңѵĴٳ»˿ʢ޻ʴȣҲǹλΤĹ͡
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䣬еλõģһڹٳɱϺ꣬ۼļʶﻹ࣬ǱԼǼСϾɵˡ
ףִҲǸпЦظСƣ͵һСҲ֪ģʡŵɣˣҾʹ̳ƻҵŸҵģҲǺˡ
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վûж̫ܵ飬ҪͿ㣬ʱΪˣҪȻΪѵֻԼ

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طĵԺӣȼԼСңվԺǰԼҵԺһƬ⣬ȻһƬҲů
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Ϻһ磬ֱţѹסشϲͷͷˣ˵Ǽϵ׷ˣ̫ˣүͣҪʣöԼҳء
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УллǶҵĴͣƷˣ
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Сһߣִ˯˸æ
ѾֻæǲǹִȰѸϲæٰԼģٶǶһױ͸ÿǶȥԼԣϲǡ
Բ˵ѾǾæ÷
ǴǵõľͶˣպӸͷ˭ߣҪ˰ֿͰģ͵͵ʹԼһλȥæ
ǵıԺҲ춼ðǽǵøСˮǳԣÿÿʱפΣ̧ͷʿˮҲǵһ
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СڹǰҹŻأڹ˯Сǳȥîˡ
ŻϲЩˣĻ˵ѵСӣðѵſˣ²ꡣ
ʵҲ뿴֣;ΤֵĶʲôͬÿ컹ҪӹۉQȦ˵ɢ·ʱһ·˵Ǹ³͹Ūô󽫾ֻÿ׼ʱѵſˣûֿɿ
СæִԼȥģڶү֪СǸʲôҲǡ
ȢСǸСӣֹͶ֮ţ˸ĿڵʱһֱͨͨģǸ
СӿڸգִﻹͦϲСӵģСͦʺϵ佫ҡ
ϾǼҵǹһңҪȥ̵ġһȥ˵ǲ̫**ȵģһǼû˵ģŮ˵ңһŮ̫ļǹ̫õģǵ¶ܵˡ
ʵͳ͢Ա˵µڳ˸飬ҲŮ䡣Ǯû١ûеغׯܳļҲǼбܵʱеǴԱƤ϶һòü˶ȥ֡
ˣԵһֱǸţȢϱһֱ̫ߣ굶طĵճӱֱƿ϶ˣЩϧҲֻǿϧճӵݣּҵĻԼû̫ڸϾȢϱߣʵߵĺˡϸּҶߣҲ˵ùȥ
ⶼǶǰˣȵڶϱ̧ԾƵ̸˵ϱıԼҵˣԼȢӼͦһ㡣
ȢϱӹӾͺܲˣҲԾƵĳ͢Աͼ˵ЦЦģȥһ˵ҲǾõٴ겻Ҳй
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үһߣѩִèﲻҳȥڹʱʱȥСѩ˻СŮ޵ӡ
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ʵҲ󣬾ִݣʽĶȥȥˣҲû⻹˺ӵ㡣һϹţ΢һ㣬Եеˡ
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СѾ˾СӺ׵СĳƺţִﻹΪ˸һε̸˲ãҶ˾˺׵İƶˣĲ˵Ǯ֪ĵžңΪرʹ󷽣Ͳƽˡ鷳Ժ㣬ĸӹϵ죬лл
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СԱ߿Сְ͸С;ˣֲǱֻڨڨȻط֡


94

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ִ㣬ʮˣһأɰˣֳɵЦͣ
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ܰţ뱧ûøеñĵÿձ˿ȥι̣򲼵¶ܣ˵иڹүүˣһ㣬ѾǾ򲼶׵ˡ
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ڹһӹӣһ̵زˡ
ִ쳤ȥ飬գ۹鲻Ӱˡ
ЦŻѾǵͷҲߵףǺܿ춼˳ȥ
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95

Ȼû죬ּҵĴûһΣ˼ҵĴĵʻ˾ǣϢأҲּҵ֪ѡ
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Ҫǲʵݵĵλס
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󽫾żһּҴڵ˶ˣС̧ͷС쾪ȵſﶼˮ
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96

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ﻹʲô˵ʲôȥ죬ɼòûִܿ࣬ҲЦЦˣ٣ҪģɵðϧС
üͷҶ˵ģ°˵
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ĻСӦõġ
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ĸеǸ׽һĸף˵̬Ǵ֮ܿģַʱҲףҲ֪ŮڵеĵλЦøˡ
ҲǴ֮Ů˵ǣҲһĸ׶̬꣬ҲһѰܱȡүԭ䣬үʱ˴ͷβزѣֻ˵֮ʣֻǾŮ·ּңּҵ˼ҲǶزѣһһؼӵȥּҵŹˣǶĴأһ´ּ˼ѣ׷˴
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һڴϢһᣬһ˾˽ӿ첽ָھլȥ
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С泤üΪɫִҪܰԼ˵ˣڸ˺ϵķ˵仰΢΢һЦһоڲУ˵ˡʱﶼɵˣҲ˵ǳúãҲǴúã㶼ûϴõĶСѾЩһ벻ģ˿װСʮɫжʮˡ
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ȥǳԹǼҵ׵ģúã㷽ֵģһͳˣûôá
Ҹ˵ˣ㶼صףҪݵķֳˮҲԭģʲôطֳص׳
ǸմµĴ󰬣һطݵķＫƣѾȦˣҪôףһˣǴӼϽŸ˳ȥ¡ط浭죬һҪѡܰ°ɵġ
ֻһѾѰ˼ˣʱҲԽֵģѾѰ˼ˣֻ֣ܷġ
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97

طҲһ䣬˾ͺð£ֻһ䣬һʱ䣬׼ʱܰĲһˡ
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ٻܵʮĹܼңʮܸ꣬Ҹ¹ܼҳֻһЦŵּƸţȥɡ
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Ҳö˵ҲǸˣָô꣬۽粻ǵ۽ˣҲɾЩġ
Ӹᣬ˵ҪǾԲܡ
Ȼ׼׼ҪǹﴫҽҪȥģҲ͹ǡǡã͹˼ˣʱʲôʹʲô㶮ıһࡣ
ӣ׵ģзִ磬Ͽ϶ϸϼһּûʹ˲ˣҵȻỹǸһȥжɡ
Ϸ˹ģūҪһЩ·Ը˾ҪȥǱֻڣװģöжòС
СҪʱ룬ֻҲ
ּ˵ʱҲû˵գ͸طǸҵͷȥˣȥĸǣ͸㡣
󽫾⻰һ䣺˵Ҳ̵ģ
һ룬һ롭ֻЦˣߣ߱ߵѧѧĶһ㣬Ĳ̫ѧ
ţ
Ƣеֱ˵еϬֻһñ˵Ĳǡ
Ź˵ǰ»ǰ뾩Ϊ٣˵ʲôˣ
˵͢ˮ̫ˣЩӣǳó󣬾ӱ죬ɱҾҵôϹҵۣǻɽˮԶڣ˴Է־ͺˡ
⻰ֻɲҸҲýĻֻЦͣ
üڵҵĵܵܰɣ
εܣеڶ
ţ֮ǰͼˣ
ˣݷͼʦĸһ˲ʮˣ߹һ齭ϾͿʼʻˣｭ˾Ǳ¡˵⣬ֻ徴ʦĸĲش֮ˣҵȷܼϵġ
Ƿͼʮ࣬ʵ۽ӵ˵ҪôϾյŴѾ·ˣר˰·ȥӡ
ط⼸ڻʵ۵ƳǰΧ˻ûȫķͼۣҲλ鴫
Ҳѧ
ǡֻ˵ЦܣӦò
Ӧò
˵Դǳó˵㡣
Ҳˣûǰÿˡǰڵǰӣײ裬Ҳǲָˡ
ֻǲ
ɫһ䣬ֻҡ֣ǼѵˣСʱ˵ұӺﶼûӿϳԣľԴӿжв
£󽫾ǼʶλԴϬˣȻʴӱҲѰ˵ȣ㼰Ҳ
ֻ˵ýŲһ£漴ʧЦ
죬ʵҲûõĶȥ
**
ֻѽ͹ȥʹҴҰȥˣַҲ˼ҳʵѣҲЩŮһ͸ָñȡ
Ҷ˵㰮飬ҾңҳһЩ㿴ûܿ۵ġñַŮȥЯЩӵаùǶھϵǸӡ
ȥáȥãִԼȥˣûСѾǰŶ֡
һõϣͦ˵ͦŹ͵˲ٰɣصġ
һЩһЩһʮȥˣЩءַ˵˵Żһ۴ʱ
ġִһͷŵ˴󽫾ǰһƨ˦˦֣ء
ط濴˿ӣֿ
򿪿ͿɣǼûôءһ۹ִ֪󽫾ʲô˼ֳ۹ɣ֮ǰ޵Ǳı飬һ촧ﲻţڼŷҪͳۡ
ɣŮַº͵سط˵һ䣬ֳŮǺ£㲻Ҫ˵
˵˷ҿˮִЦػص
ɵģַʧЦѣٿʱСŮ񶼸ºЩ
˽Ůܸл
һսսԴʦӵȫᣬʮᣬȫڡ󽫾ַ꣬඼ҶˣͷСѹ˵ǾӴʦսߡ
ŶӦòɡִѹ㶣ϲɣ
Ӧˡ
ǡط漷˼ֳƿԡ
ѽܹأִһɫԾͲ³ˣ˵ͷ￴ս߼дú裬ֵĿҵһˣֻһۣ֪Ҵ󽫾϶ϲΪһǾͶԵúܣһ˭࣡
϶ģľǺáִϽ䣬ʰãؼпˣϷǱɵˡ
󽫾ʱͷѣƸϸţһͷҪ
ִһˣаСƹãҿ϶СĵţŪģкö౾أҲ˼ҵģһҪ
󽫾ݣĸ˿ȥĸ׷ģŮ᱾ϸģġ
ãżַ˼СŮദӣ˶СƵģҲǺЦѣȻҲ˿ڴ
Ƕͺãͷˡ
ҲܴȥطسСӵ˻Ҫ
ִһ֪»ʵöˣĳԵľ͸ʵȥˣӶҪ˺üϽѾߣˣʲôģһҲ˵ûУ
Ѿ˵ǣҲûǳʲôˣôô֣µģֻ߿ȫСѾЦãοСӵ֪ˣģͷһúöǵġ
һֱԿСĹҲ⣬ʱ̧ͷãȻִӣôˣҪڷ𣿡
һλʱʱųأ´Ҳˣִһͷ˸ոǺõϡ
**
ҹͷжִһҲ˴кˡûȥ󽫾Ҳأ϶ϲߣֱϵҲûãִﶼҪˣû󽫾˵ҼӣܵϵƣҴǿ飬ҾҪϳȥˣ㡣
֪ĸ˯˵˵ʲôģܺһ
ִһֱ⣬ڻˣ㻹˯ʲôܰ
뿴һ顣󽫾ʵǰʲôۣһ˵һҪʲô͸ҪСˣҲûҪģСҲ˵ˣҪģһҲ
ؼҲԿ԰ԺӵĽʿһ鿴
󽫾û뵽һ»ǵ⿴㡣
ִﶼˣӻճˡ
Ҳ᲻ø˼ӵ˵ƻָǴ˼̿Ծ͵ϢԵĺȵҲˡ
ͷҲæȥĸ˵һźþˡûһᣬǼŵİͰϴøɸɾǽǰ죺ɸɾģϴ飬㿴
һˣˣŵǴ󽫾飬ϵЩԵĶˡ
лҪ˵Ϻãˣллǵ׷ġ
µǣ
ϸб1


98

⼸ǵطǰٻģǾǰ󰬸Σε١ǽԶΪϽͳϽӡѵġйס󰬰ְ֮൱޼裬ЩӵطǴ߽ʵȥˣָŻʵҲ̽Ĵ󽫣ѻʵ÷ۡ
ǲסЩñʳط꣬ҲûָǶܼסֵ
ǡ
ϲ֣Сĵطһҳȫע
øһʦүڹˣһͷͷϺҲֻһѣСĵעŲմˣһȺүôŲѣΪǴһ̻ڶأˣҡҡͷ
ûôིҲûôʦүɸǣطҲǿصͳֻ̫лεĹͳԼȥ˻Ҵǡ
ڹ˰ӹ棬Ҳá
ҽʿУҲû⻰ҲްǴ󽫾⻹ֻǿͷ˵˵Ҫʵز˵˵ֱǹһӻӹˡ
أ
ءڹŲŲţ޾ɵص˵Żҡ
ڷ˵ϣͲˡ
£Ҫȥ󰬸ΣҪҪҲȥһߣ
ȥˣҪСӡ
šطҲֻһʣȥ˾ȥ
ڹǡҡһ
ŲȥҪСӡ
ǴЩѾͷҲҪŹȥڹ̧ۿ۵ǡ
طڱڹǡ
Ҫȥǰɣڹҡҡͷû˵
طҡס
ˣڹǸ̾
֮䣬Ǣ
ǣڹЦЩѾΪԲҪġЩʿǻӾģǼѾ߿СģѧĽ̵ģԵõģɶģһĹټС㣬δؼǣȥʣǲԸߡ
ⲻԸԸ¡Ǳߣǵڴ󰬰ңҲҪǹȥˣѵԸ⣬ɷͼҶҪˣ
ָǰŵЩֺһ㣬ǱϾӹˣ˵Եģͼ㣬ҪǿˣǱҪȥ㡣
һΣһֱͷУĵҲ̧ͷڹǣɵؽһ䣺ү
ѵߣ
µе㿴ȥˣͲȢӣ˵ųüõݽȥʲôʱǵСңڲڼңҵһĺóԵӡ
û£ǵ顣ط濴Ǹеˣͷӡ
˵תͷڹǵǻߡ
ڻ˵ڹֻ˰ɣˣ
˭Сӵģ˾Ͳ
طȷʵе£СǸˣһЦеģһ̷Ҳ˵ġ
Ҫðˣ˵ؼܵЦˣʲôҪûˣ˵Ҳ֪
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ǺǣͨУͨͨڹһ
ɺˣ˯ˡ
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£󽫾Ľʿʱ׷̧ͷǵĴ󽫾
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ʿǸϽͷط濴ǣαһѹ˿ڳ
Ϊǰ⼸ҪСӣ
һȺûõĶ
**
ִﻹ֪Ҵ󽫾ҪСһ鳤ĺüѾߣСѾСֻʹСŶ⣬һϸѡĺüѾߵȣʱףԼ˵ĸ׺͹ء
Ҳ˼ôأϽô󽫾Ҳϳⲻ𣿺ڵϹģ˻û͸أһͷͰȹײˣ˻̣ҪǣŴ󽫾ﺬųԵһعͷͳǡִվ˯Ĵǰ˸󵹵ơ
ûûεĹŴȹЦ̫Цˣ̫Цˡ
ַ˿ЦãŮǵˣʹûУ
һԼЦˣӦҪʴӵʹûУһЦˣŴǡ
ûܹҽסˣڳ緹ô̫ˣҲ̫ˣŵǿͷִ˵ʹͷҲûϴͷȥˡ
Ц
ЦɡˣִʾЦ
ЦЦǰ󷭵ģͷˣ̫Цˡ
ִǰȥ̫Ц˰ôܣ˰
Цˣֱͷѡ
̫Цˡ
ˣЦЦˣЦЦҿ˰ִıӣùѾߵݹӣѺ³ˡ
ճҩͺ˿÷죬ִһ˵³˺
ڡִιˮ
ڣһ꣬ͷķȲ˵ӿ϶ˣһȹӿ϶ᴩˡ
ͷһڴִǲǣ
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ţøšҲҪ͵ֻҪһҲɣԼѹվߵˣǵȵɡ˵˵Ǵ󽫾˰ɣʵͱҴ죬С̣Ҳûر׵ˣò˸ӣԸףʵҲ⡭ĸǰִﲻɬҲػԸҺԸúģֵģҲܿȥ
ַҲͷҲȫǷ˵ЦۼˣǸõģİϣѾˡ
øߡ죬ӡ
˶ûϸɣִܶ
ûأȷʵûϸøߣ磬е㲻ҿ
е£
ϵͷӾǶ˵
ִЦ׵ıܣ˳˶̵Χŷ˴תʱˣҪʱϾͰڳһҪߵŲѡ
û£Ůʲôµġִﰲο
Ҳô˵еᣬǲ££ӡ
˵Ż󱳡
ַ˻ӣ佫Щ˵ƣ̵Ľеġ㲻˵Ͳ˵ǣΪ㡣
ĻأɵЦˣҸߣ˭Ϊҡ
ˣ˯ɡһҪױˣִҲЦãһˣú˯Ҿͷǡ
£֣ӣﻹܿ㣬һš
ţǰԣǰرóԣܳԵˣϽ˯
ͷЦˣûһᣬͼգۼͳ˯˹ȥ˯ļ졣
һҲû䣬ִʧЦֳĸ׿ȥﳯЦҲЦ˯ɡ
˯ɣһҹǵģѾˡ
лҪ˵硣

99

һ磬ִˡ
Ǵ󽫾˵¾£Ҫ׼ӿɲƤһһϿʲô¶ҪˣǶһǶһ׮¡ǰ˰ϳĳùˣְȳ緹ְѲҩӲ͵ĵķŹУһæꡣ
ǻؼңʱ󽫾ʡ
أһ͹ˡͲˣ
š
ˣ㡣ִſڣǵָ̫󣬶߼͵ˣɴ
ط汾˵Ҫ飬ˣ⿴Ҳߡ
ִһֵۣͻˣ㵽˾ܼˡ
طͷǽҸֵ㶫⼸ʫ˴󷢣дʫҳ
ִһʱЦ䣬ֹ˹Ҫ֪𣿻ϵıīֵǮˡ
˾ͺãطͷˡ
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ȵˣִŴǷţҲֵҹĴ˵ȥ˯ᣬȥСӱүǱҿţһܳȺˡ
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̷ְӵ˵ˣ̺ѾԱ͵Цѡ
ִָеһжˣһƷʳǱеϰûģֻܶһҪˮ˶ĲҪûθھͲȡ
ҶȵġЪһ;Լʲô¶ûˣڴϳԵٵëûˣǳԳ˸˳ȥһ߾ͺˡ
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벻뿴ǰסļң
ַЦ֪⣬ⱲӣֻңһĸһǸСңһͻ𣬻Ǽָƽʱֻǵطĵطңûиϵ
ۺģˣҲǣֻҪͻдӵĵطҵļҡ
ִһЦãллﻹǰҷ档
ᣬԹá
ɵִˣԴ뻳ˣȹ컳ҲæˣҾʹȥתһתʣȥԳ߾¥ЩƲˣвУ
У˵ǸȫóԣǸ˱Ѽһʲô˲֥ը򡭡һ·ŷʲôóԵˣæִ޶ˡ
ִһ·˵ı֪Ļ࣬òʳִóϷ
**
ڻˣһ͸ҽЦҽ㣬㻹ðտһĸ׺ףҿܵϲŻء
˵žͼææѣִ߰ʰ޺ãҲû˵첽ҪϽεʱһ裬ּҲȡ
ˣȥɡ˽ӣͷּƣ˸ͷ
󽫾ѻϿûɵ¸˵ˣףҲּ֪ƴ˾ΪΣ˫ַּƸ磬ҵ˵ˣлǵԶǰָ̾Զǰ̣ǰ·Ҳ·䱦ء
ˡּһҾСŸӵĽȥˡ
ּҼȣСӣǴӣһСּƣλˣγȣ۷¡
ִּ⻰˵ⲻⲻ֪ϵĽʲô
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ѵôĻִһ϶ǵ֪ĸȥǰѰ˲ѰģҪڸıһʱ֮ȥĿôõĻȥ
һʱ֮䣬ҲмúܣƬģڵúˡ
ǧһˣΪԿһúòãġһƬĵĳȫ֮飬ֱѩ̿ˡ
ֱȵִֻһص
ִȥеˣڣѾҲүŪԵģһȥһԼҷĴݾ͵ǸԲסȻŻأеˣûУ
󽫾ǰڴ߳дʱҲ̧ͷĬĬס
һᣬҲˣѾ͹˵أء
ӣš
ȥʲôʵĵģȥ
ǡ
С죿
ӣʲô£СϽ˽
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ѩȹ֪ĸˣӣû͹үݣڸڴǣȥáС˵žӹѵĴȥˡ
ȥˡִﶼǲˣߵСŵǲҪ㣿ȥĴ͵ˡż²ˣ
ˣ࣬͸ûˣʽСѾŮˣµѾʼˣͷ㿴ϲǾ͸ġСС˵ţױǰӽͷ
ãͷҾͿ
𣿡СŸβΡ
ۡ
Сżĵذһεذûӵͷʡó
ᵶط濴һУۣдһĹҲдȥˣ˱ʣѰڵĴ򿪣üǸǱڸϣʱ֦ϵİ
ȢСŵˣ죬Ҫȥ󰬹عȴݵϽ֮ˡ
ǽһ۾ֱӳӣӲǰԼһû֣ϸһֵɺĬĬͷŵ²
лҪ˵ĵڶǣá

100

ǰЩҲûôµľһɣҪŲˡִﻻǱߣ߱߸Ѿ˵
ҲûзŲ£̫ЩͷʱҪóȥǼڹ񶼻ûءСҡͷһҪʮģȥ㶼˺üˣʡˣ࣬ûʱѶ
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һϵּͦģʵĸҪһ㣬Ȼǻ˵ͷϺ꣬˲ò£ҲƷҴ󽫾˺֣þ͸һѳʵĽһ۾֪ǣֲ
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Ĵ˼ۣϵĲ豭ʱ󽫾ۣѷڴߵĳùĬĬŵߡ
ִһЦˣıǵ˼ıأڴıЦһ£Ͽ˵
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ط˵⣬ͼСӸղЦزˡ
ʧЦһʱ֮侹ƿԡ
Ҫˣ
Ҫ
ʲôλ
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ˣЩ޸ĸնҪ˵Ǵõǰˣǲǣִ￴һֶû˵Ĵ󽫾˳ҵİҪǰҵĴǴˣô찡Ǹʮʮ갡ʮ꣬ʮ찡
˵ʲôźáִִҵİ֪֪ôôܣСôңϲҪ𣿡
طվû
ʹִ޵һͷԣԽĻСôźá
طرԲСӡ
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찡Ϊʲôոսӵ˵ʱֵһ
Сӡ
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ط֪ˣ֪۸ġ
ҵţִ˵žýűߣʱѾﶯĴվűߣŽôŮû˵ˣôˣʲôˣǲǹү۸ˡ
ִ￴Ѿߣǲ
ĴС죬ĴСţⶼһִİ
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Ǽõóֵģҽ޸˵󽫾ھΪ٣ҲƷ٣ǵ׼ʥգʥϽ̻ʸûС
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лҪ˵áʵ̫ˣ˯ͷ8ϵĸ¾ûˣŸոհѸдãףҿ졣

105

ֻּһӣԻ˲Ըĸ׼ҽֻһƶ֮ҵҲΪĸǷݲס
ĸ˲ףοֻһӵָ
ּΨһĶӣСʱúˣԼ۾ˣ˵ʲôѧ֣ԺǶˣǸ˶̻ܰˣôģ
ֻ𲻸ҲǰģָǣһļҽҲָָҪˣĲԼ
ỹЦ˵㣬𼱣ȥʻϣ㿴ýˣҿûǿ֮⡣
ȥɣúúϼƺϼƣȥʺһʱ򣬸˵ʲôˡ
ˡֻһȥϵǵЦûˡ
һף磿
šţʱѾܽˣҲˣӣҪȥģҪұʲô𣿡
ȥĹ͸ţ˵зݸϣԸ˵һ˵
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һߣֻϹ˹˾ʺ
ʱЦЦı飬үʱԵֵһģһ
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һ͹Цˣˣ˻ͷˣⶼմඣûˡ
û㣿ִﾪȡ
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ûִȥͷһ˵ģͰͷ϶ıʯӸ
вЦѣϽͷ˵㣬顣
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ԡ۾ߣֿˣϲòУӣ극ǰɣ
ˣˣ극ߣҵķ
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ַһҲ΢ЦѣҲ֪ΪǵŮҲǣԸǿģָһµ̫æûʲôʱǡֻֻߣӾˣܻᶺЦŮˡ
ʺ˵ʲôˣִĸߣϵļͳʡ
û˵̫ҪģЩ羰ƽϰԵһ顣ַ˵һ£ŮҪǣ˻Ļ£˵ûѾʼ˼ˣˣʵ˵ûһһҹȥ׮ĶһЩƽѡ
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˵ˣ㰡ַҡҡͷԸϿԸģʺ˵ˣҲֻ˵˵ѣҪ档
֪ⲻֻǰ˵
ǰˣڶءֲˣΪ˵
ˣִ꣬ĸҲʲˣҲݾĸ֪˼ʡ˯ţתͷȥ˵ˣգ۾ʹǹҳԷǲǺóԵĶңԼѽ
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ͺáطҲ˵С˵СӻСе㵣ģ˼Ҳͷŵö˵㡣
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յطھöţڵƺ˶νսʱʵ۴ƣطѽùӲ˰ѺʵҾ֣ϡ
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ʵۿ󽫾˸壬ҲǿһԸԵĴ󽫾һۣ󽫾治˵㣬⻰ʲô˼
ý˵󽫾Űһŵİ飬ֻĳͼĩڹӳʲô֪ˡ
ͷʵֵĩʮһˣÿһɳϹģòͷһӣĩھУҲûʱ俴ӣҲ֪ңǲҡ
ŪʵһͷͶ̵ظһΣģţĺŪ
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ܹͷŵأһ仰ҲҴ
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106

ʵ۶ЦҪŪ˭˭Ҳ֪еټ٣Ӻ;ŻϴЦĥ⻰˼ϵǲԡ
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ط޻ȥ죬ʵˣ󽫾ֻܷġ˵İٹٽְضͳҲҪ󽫾޿˿ˣ
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šʵϸ˳ͼ󽫾ȷʵмݱµģĽɽصأλ󽫾öˡ
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ˣáִһ룬ֵУĸ״ǸһȥϲУĲ˵˭˭һ۾ܿס
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հŹִֶܼܲˣܣСǹܵܡ
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108

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лҪ˵Ϻãĵһˡ

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ִһѾ߽ʿȥ̫࣬Ϊ·עĿл˷ȥ󵽵ģʱʮ˰ָǰôƺվ˸
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ֻҲںԺ֪ҽݼҲߵ˲߾͵ţûȥǰЩ˳Ƥ
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112

ݼ˺üλүҲҵģ˹
طȥģѵĶץ˹⼸λݼһͨ죬ŭ
Сֹһ䡰ϾǶˡطƤһãݼҵǼ˱
үʱü˿ȥݼҵĵҷһϽϱҲߡ
ЩүûãǻͷһҪҪǺãҲڣܻЩô죿ΪѾ涼ҪˣҪ
үʱһӵԹǻûȢޣûǮôȢ
һ㣬ϱϱҲס
ִ棬һп۵ף˺ܴԭǾŵˡ
ָߣŵУξȸϵˣ˴˵Ѿſˣô󽫾лֻܷԸ
ţ˵ϵҵ֪󽫾ұˣæˣʮˣţ½ǡ
ĿѾˣݼҵЩˣŮҲҡ
⣬˰ɣִϾû飬ϵҲˣټ˳츮;ŵˣ̫ˡ
ᣬ˳츮;ŵĹ񡣡ҪҲߵ
ط˵գͳ֣ȥ֣ˣҲʣһ󡣡
֣֣ʯǻʵ۵ˣʱʱҪʵۣѧʶףǰϹɵӣѧԨ󽫾Ҫõѧʵʱ࣬˼ĴˣҲˡ
󽫾һԸͷ¹پˡ
׵үȥҷ˴ָ˵ָˣҪָһǣ
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СѾһ˵ӽʱݷ˱סĶͷ¶ˣͶһе죬˵롰ʲôߣҪһߡľԶúܡ
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ᣬָѸǰݼҼλ˵Ϊ˵ˣֵݼ⼸λ˵С㣬˽˵ҪǲóǧҩѲݼʲôӳ׸ϸʮƸ¾ͱꡣ
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֣ʯһףֿ˴˵Ѿͨ죬Ӷ˵үү籾ϲ٣Ǽ˵ǿʵ򳤱ģҼǵݼҲѧʶԨңô
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үʱҲһһף˿ȥŭ𣺡ʱˣϽ˵ɣѵһӶȥ𣿡
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żǸּãοҪһˡ
޼ңط濴
ʥӵ޼ҡ
лҪ˵Ϻá

113

Ǯ˵żѾ޼ˡ
ִżҵ˻⣬ҲʵΨһĶ̰Ǽ̫ݲʮʱ䣬ҵżǰС̷ЩĻ̫ˣóܶһĴˣڹٳûиʵʵһƼһڴ֮£ǼҲû̫ķ֮
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ĩˣһ˻ǰһӳԿˣһ֡
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վ֣ϵҲҪǰȥ
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С֣һֽ󽫾˵ͦģţɵķҲаһģһģôôһ˵󽫾ǼҲǲ˽˰ɣ
󽫾ȶˣĿ񣬡ô˵ɡ
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˸ƣŴ˸Ƿû󻧽˰˰δʹ˰ȥ
ȺҲ֪ôģǲǶΪ͢Щ˸һ
лҪ˵áǽĵڶ

114

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ҪָԼıЦŵǾͶඡ
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118

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޼ҵˣ֪ģִ˵˿ǶԵµĵ軧˶̣⼸ҲԽԽˣǼߵǣЩǮҼҵʲôҪҼҴ̹ҲԸȥ޼¡޼ҸǮ٣߿ˣҪ軧Լٸ˰һȥ㣬ǼһˣûҲһ޼ң޼еʲô£޳ͽǾȥɻǼҵﶼû˸ҵˣˡ
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лҪ˵ϺãһãСѵĽף쿪ġ

119

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ʵ۰Щ˵ˣ˵գϵ۳Ÿʵ˵֣Щ񰡣ñ㻹󣬱ˣ˵޼ҵС檶ùܴģƣø죬һĳҪײϽϣ㲻ʥʣʱǲдＺگС
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ллµĹǣллǵͶʳ


120

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ֻҲ˳˵ˣĸ׺ͽ㶼Ҫܲˡ
ַѾ޵ϣִҲǿ޵۾嶫ˣŹ֣ڻȺ壬˿ڳŵﰡذɣȥҾͻ㣬ҿŻ𣬿ףӣ˺Ӱ͸ұţʱ򰡣Ҿͻǣòã
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ˣͷаɡ
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ϵһ겻䡣
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121

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126

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127

˵û˵أʺתŻóޱ顣
ͷһſڵϵˣ۲ˡ
Ҳˡʺۼƣ˵ص̫Ҳˣ˼ҲͲˣ°ôɣ˾ˣ˭Ҫ˵ûУûоǰա
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ϴ٣ʺɺͰǰ棬һƷҲִڱ˵üģæųȥҲûô
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˵ʱҲˣһѾ˵ɻػͷִϽɿͷҪ
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Ҳ֪ʲôʱǮǺŰշ˵Ĵ󽫾ѾȫеԴˣڣѵҲôˡ
ˣͼƵذԼȥ̵бԽǣվãһ̧ͷͼǰв˶
ЩãȻܿ췢Ҵ󽫾󲽹ˣԽŮŮߵߣͷСӣҪ㣬ȥ
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طȥС䱦̬Ҳ͢Ա˿üĿмرȥԷʵаհ
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128

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ҲǴ󽫾ĲְȻͦԴؾһܸ㶨飬ڹǽҲ֪Դʲôˣһİ־
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һҹǶڹ̫飬˭Ҳߡ
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㡣ڹǸԵģҪ⣬ˣ˹Ӻ͵װһӣ԰ա
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Ѿһˣڹں濿һϢ
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ΧһѰѵĺ͹ӳˣִŻǽĵãĸĲҪ𻨾͸ˡ
ôиԵķСʣɹ𻨰
ǣʵɹʪ𻨶УʪЩʵеζƹĸɹ㡣
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У׷ǰɣ״ǺԺԺѧʿɣ
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Ҵ󽫾˶ǢǢ󽫾˵ǸģСʱ͸һȺˣͱһأⲻ˶мֺøС
Ҵԣǰ;
лҪ˵硣

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һҹȥǶЩƣ̬ʺǱҲּÿÿտɻȥϢʱ
һּ˴룬ִ׵壬ൽ˹ȥλؼҡ
ߵÿ죬ˣִﶼ˱󼸸ɫؿ㡣
ĵطԳһ飬йţִ￿ãһֱСطӪһĶֵأϸλ˵ȵ˽У㿿ļͱۣҲˣǴɳ⼸һûܡ
ڵһмǲģսһҹǺġ
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źţҲǰۡ
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ʵҲãСʵҲûף˵⼸ѺãѾεаԼ·߿ˡ
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109698901

130

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ִĥ没У붼װûˣСϢÿʱĻȥ˯СʱҲˡ
Ҳʲô˿һǣҪ濿һҲϢһᣬԵĲ̫ã͵СҲܱӣҲûóŲסûװ
Ǵ󽫾Ҳ˼Ĺ߿ֵһһΣִﶼ*Ȥˡ
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ŵ̫ʵǸػʵûôƽ׽˵ķˣǮǣô˵ǵЦ˿⣬Ҳ󽫾Ҳ˼ġ
û죬ŵ̫඼ܴһƬҲΡ
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Сĵ㡭ײˣɳڶ漴ؿһۡ
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ʺһ˵ִ鲻ѣŵŵƲҡ
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ЩҪͶ̫ǰģͷ󣬵Ҳʲô˶Ͷ̫ѡҲҪģһףΪа˴µġ
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ŵģҪǻʺ飬ǾҪ˿ЦˡʱҲԸ棬ǵҵġ
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ҲͲصżң׵ӣȥŸɡ
δʵ˼ˣЦЦһͽ˿˾Ʊɡ
ɡطҲ𱭣ֹȥ
źһƣԱЦؿţý治Ǹϲӣ˭͵øУһ¶Ǻ¡
лҪ˵ǽĵڶ
ʮе
ΪĮղضһ룬Ҳһ룬е㷽Ҫһһȡ

134

ִЦöϲ£ˡ
˵˵ŮǼĴ٣˵ЩлͬЩŮϵٵĶϲ׽˵ͷź⡣
ЩóܺĵĸǶһ嵱ĸֺãʵҲȻ棬һģ˭żֺģദζŨòŨˡ
ִϧ²ˣ˵κκʱⶼлʱۣԺٺԼĲʱĲãЩڶЩûõĶǰĲҪġ
˶һֺã͸ЦݡҲˣֻҪڳⳡͺ
λСӹҲǱҷʢмӣ׷˲ٸмӵСӸǵǲ
СǼЩҲϲǣǺģԹɵظ밲лҲҷ緶
Ա߿ţСӵ˻ϲСǵǰףЦҲһֱϣüĿ֮Ҳѵõķɡ
ҵЩҲϲִĲ١
޽źӵʱ򻹸ǽѧãҲ˵ҪˣĹҲˣһεĵճҲȵˣҵֻҪõģλǸף˭ǣ
ļ޽ǵӶùǶеţĿʹ죬ǶԸЦ
һ絽ˣ翪ˣƽʱþ͸һŮ֪ʵҲˡ
ִһţɲǾ͸ҧ䣺㿴СӾױЦԻĴͷĿ˶Ծ
ﱾŻʵһ˵Ц
ˡĶСΣжΣٶ༸ֵϲҲЦǰľͺá
˵ģܹǵһ
ˡִ˴СǻСԺ룬ֽСѾСѾȥԺǱ߶ˡ
ʡʱõǼ˶ִûСѾʵ˵£˵ҲǸ¶ĻᣬͷȥǣѾǴ˭˭
СѾĶŮҲǸС˳ȥһȦˣڸҵĺţǰ;Ѳˡ
֪ҴӶûȴټ֣Ҫ༸ֵģ֪֪ϾǱȴ곤꣬ĳҲ˼ۣĴӵƽһɣض˭ˣ˭ÿգ˭־ʹ˭
ִһ룬Ҳǡ
ʥղףһ۶Ժ̸ЦʱѾҲδܰѳֵס֪ݺܲʧƽĵҲ١
СѾ㿴Ű졣ִͷ͵
СѾԥΣ̾Ц
ҲӣЩ˵ˣҲеǵС˼ɵػ
ҷӸ˵һ֪ηʿΪ֪žˡ
ôҴӵģҪĴӻĴӵġ
ˡСѾʲôҲû˵ЦЦˣȥԺ϶ˡ
ҪӸ棬ǿ϶ᾡȫġ
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󽫾ǳ˶磬ͱ˯ѵСȥǰԺ˵Ҫ뽫ʿ֣ͬʿǴȥˡ
ܹ˳£ǰһʵۺͰ򸾻лǱҶǸҽʿ˵Ҫִ̨Сǰʮнд󽫾ıкþƣкýãūȥʱ򣬽ʿǳಲӴⶼˣ
˳˵ʱܵӴϰˡ
ʵһеסˣҪȥ
ҲҲȥ
ԵǱź˯һᡣ
ϾҪߣǽհ硣
ȥе顣
ȥɡ￴ɫûҴźǵ㡣
ӦһֲЦ
ʵʱѾվˣ˵ȻúÿһǵĽɽǵķɡ
Ȿ佫Ƕһʲô£ʵһǵĽɽǡһ仰Ӻ;Żӵɫ
Ҳˣôһ̣ǵҰҲȫдǵϡ
ʵۻͷ˿ǣɫģٻͷǵͷϣҲ˼
ʶѧʶػۣһ˲õĸٳһУ˲١
ŻʶĬǫѷһ㣬ĳĬֻǰĳĬֲ࣬ԼҪȻʺĶӸ̣Ҳ֪ʲô
󽫾˵ģŻһãǾ֪ԼǸʲôݣȥҲĸԸȥˣԼعһУرԼ¡
ʶ⸸ʵȻزԼģܿܣĸ󶼲硣
ʵŶЦٻعͷɫҲָɸЦ
ʼ޸ӣ⻰û
ûǵĶҲû
ᵶǰԺΪʿǵľԾ죬ŮҲǰȥȥˣִΧһûˣͷԸѰǣָµּƹЩһЩ͸Ͻ㵽Ժˡ
Ҳûһԣһ֣ˣ˯ա
ۡ۰ִһæ̫ˣҲ࣬⾫أ㣬˯㣬Ҳȥǰд󽫾ˣǰԺҾͲ˵ˣǼֱ¡
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ҲʵҲȥˣ֪αװݵǿ˴˾кθд
ϾãĿ϶ȺõĶࡣ
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Ϳ˼ۣͱʿһһ󽫾еĿھͿѣʱûƽ
߰ţֿ˿˯ŵڹǣٻͷ˵ʱҲСˣڹ壬ǶҲû԰
ûҹүһֱ˯ţױụ̂Ҳ޲ֵġ˵⣬Ҳһ²˵Ծ𣿡
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ڹҲãСҲãǶ̫һˣû˱ֻᵱħǹֺ֣֮ܰοԼ˶Լ˲ܱǣǿһǰʵصĴ󽫾͸˵ˣÿĶôϵþõػȥա
лҪ˵꣬ڲˣͲˡڿ֡

135

ﱾ˵ްգֵͷ룬ٺò
סˣǴ棬̸ס֣Ҳװ·زۡ
ϾǵΣֿܳȭһа٣ҪûվߣûлסܵйǰٰǧǧԵô
Ҫг֮á￿ߣС˾
ĩˣִﷴûʵۺͻǣ֮ǰˣæԺ֮£Ҳûȥ͡
ֱִҹæãæȥڹǵķǱӵʱڹۣ
ִһᣬû˵ɻؿ
Сӡ
ڿڣִˡ
ڹûϡ
˭˵ˣִЦıӣ˯ɣҲû£ϡ
ţڹûϣǻסģٹʮҲڻ£ĪҪġڹӦһۡ
ִһ£Ц
ã֪ˣú˯ɡ˵ƣѾǳʱƻԻ͵ĵǰԺȥߵЦص
һҵĸȻѵ£ѵǣαסλٹ⣬ȥ
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ִⶬڸèˣԭ˵õҪ⽻ֲˡ
ķҲûһʱڳŵģǰȥ͵Ļ䣬ЩҷҲûõȥҲǲŵġ
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ڳ͢ϷϣȴûյĹΪ֮͢´֣ͷѪʵֶԴ󽫾ùͶ߷ͼһãͰϳ˾ط˸ʱɴ˼ûȥϳÿȥľӪתתСմӡ
ڹⶬÿ˯ŲѣһΣԴûһ˯ȥˣѲ˼ʱ
ִӵʱҲͶˣƶСޱݣúܽǵСҺײû£˶ǣŪһα۵ķ֣Ҳܱһ٣С۴ޡ
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˰£ҲȥһˣִС̤ѩԺ·ϣʱѩŵСӣСѾ˵õҵĸôڵ˶ĸˣ
ղڶʰСһ٣СӴô޲ֹŵѩŰá
СѾһҲǿЦãҲˣӣҲǡ
үɴȸˣӶѵСӼ䣬ԻҪСӣʵڲҲҪվһԣһͬͬ
ҿǳɲ˺ˡִĥܸСζ󻳹йأ޵·ˣ׶Ҳⲻ·ߡ
ͷŶӽԼҵԺӣʹӾӪǴŵһĵطѴȣӹеӡ
ô
ҶһȺϾҪڱһӶģΪСӶ˽ӴҲʰӣ⼸ҲӲͷƤӳš
ۡСѩһ·˷ܵôУʱеøˡ
ѰԼܣ϶ëƤıůߣǾʹ˸ϻñӣ˸װԱʵԸǿСë磬Ҳûڣ紵ú˵Ļðˮ
̫Ⱥˣطһִ뱧ְС¯С¯ųأһСŤһߣ
һҪƤִ޼С䣬ŵطߣϱˣҪ㲹ƷҵȻСѾ͹ȥ
šط汧С¯ͷֵâ겻ˣҸյţҪˣյг̾ܵˡھǹ꣬ʰСԺӳҲѡ
ط˵գϲСӵװ磬ֿ˿磬ȹ续Сӣòһľͺá
ǰΪҪϢҪȹӣһŮӴĳȹôˤˣڵϵ̫ˣ񶼼ǵá
ţִﲻ⣬ǵͷ֪˵ү˵û򵥵ġ
ǡ
ˡݣѾȥ̧ˮȥˣûˣط̲סյˬůζʮСǰǶҪȥμӹ磬ҲҪʺġ
֮ǰѾˣСӲǱǸǻʺʵȷʵǻʺ֡
ݵ˽޼Ķ࣬ѱˣȴڶ̫ߺû༸Ͳ˹У޼ҳǰ
ܸ͸޼ҶּҺּұĵңҲȷֻйλܸݵˡ
Ҳ·
ڣϱ³ȥʺҲ֣û鵽ʲôõġ
ǣҲ֪޼ҵ˭ְգǰǰһֱûйȥ
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簡죿
ʮ
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ٰվߵģط˵ͷ˶ӵСס
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ִݵСӱ跿ôһС·ͱһˣһȥͶ˵ǹӽȥûˡ
ˣǸСˣִϴ裬ѧӾҺܶСηˮ󶼺ܰˮĸоֻСһݵģСȴѾС֣Ĵ۾ˣ֪ѡ
طһ죬ذѶӰǹˣСطŵˮСֶȴȲȥһȥǳˮ漴˫˫ˮлûһð˳Ц
ʵ㡣ط˶ӡ
šִﻹ£ˣתѾ߳ţʿߡ
߳žͻݣվ¸СԺӣԶ˿˸ԺѾȥʰ
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ŮִЦһ䣬عͷʱߵСѾ˵ǵŮҪˡ
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нûŮˣһܷ⡭ִߵЦˣҪˡ
лҪ˵硣

136

һ˻صļҵġ
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ǣ߽˻ʳǣʳŵĵƣɻǵλӣ
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ģġŹݺݵغŴֻͱҲøкĺݰ
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Ѿͷ÷ص
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һ򣬾ꡣ
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Цǿҧ죬صһ
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ˡüץŰҲûʣߡ
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ˡ
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̧ͷžССԼ͸߸ߵĴɩͷ죬ϸĸʪŽŵʵȫȻǶۡ
۹׼оҲ׼ó
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أСӣôˣ
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ǴļңҲԵԼļҵġ

137

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һԥؿ롣
롣ִתͷѾߣͷͳСõĶȥǳˣɩɩ¿ûأɲҪҼеĶԣϲĳھˣѶӶŻˡ
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Ц̱ߵֶɩӸռеŵЦųҡͷ
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С˰Сͣ⻹ɩӸҪܶһ롣
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142

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ǼʵҲȱӣүľͲ٣ӺҲϲ
ɩӣִһָӣЦ֪ǸˣҾͲ˵ˣָΪôľҲǶ
ָǸģһͨ䣬ˣ˵Ųҵ
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ѽִۣ˱ˣ
¶ࡣӴһ㲻سִЦӣġ
أɩӣСѾʱЦָָϵһӣһѣ籸ˡ
ңȥƸǿ꣬ϲ̵ظ˵ӣϴҪĵ涼Уء
ͷͿִϲüëڷɣīʦƣ
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ӣ飡ֵǮˣң˵ţ飬˻ݵЦǰ󷭡
ɼСŮһһĶŮǵ٣ˡ
лҪ˵λ硣

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ˣСŮҲ͡
ͷôģִܲҲȷʵûǸܣʲôԽŮı䳯Ƕ񻰣ΪǵĻʵһӣ˵Ƕʵʵ޸ԣǶҪۿ֮֮Ϊʵںǣһɵɵ㵱ɵҾǲɵ
һʱĽǶͨѪᣬͷⲿ޴Ĵ̼ŵ̵ģƾһ˭ȫ̸ı֡
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СŮĶЩͿαһѾصдСǵСӸȤĶôɵκͳʳ廨ȣд˺֪ܶĵطķ飬طʲôǸطʲôʲôãʲôʳ񣬼˵һЩصĵʣСǾСĻʶ֣￴˵ҲǺãָѾǾʹҲܶථ㡣
಻ѹ
Ѿѧ˵ļСǶԣСѾĴӣִĸ׵ãҲĿжѧҵǳϸҪĴҳӹִĽЩϹϾúܡ
СǼˣҲѧ
ƤתˣִӲֹСѾǿʼһֱ᳹һּǾúֻҪãЦӦõġԼôôֵöЦ
СѧҵôãýʱôͲһǿģΪ˲ʧȥָоôƴ
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ִϴ˵ϸҪЩСǣЩСӼĴҲ࣬ϲΪǵִ֣Ǹǹ
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Ѿ˶Цﶼ֪ǵĴĶǺá
һСԲܿɢˣִĵİ˵ɢΪʱȫҪűڣҪȥǰ棬ѾҲҪȥæӡ
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ôһᣬսЩմԼӵĹ⣬˴Сˣͷ͸ӴСȥˣ˵Сϵķж󷽣жȤж࡭
ǻû˵꣬ΪǴ󽫾俴ǵ۾͸Ǵ˰̲㣬˷²һ
µս룬Ҳ֪ҪѵˣͷǴ󽫾ìһͱģ׼ɡ
ִͷϵǰԺã󽫾ģΪ֣ҪСˣĴˡ
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һ㶼˯ͷүүߣ棬˯ţ治ڣֻҺˣƽʱæ˵㣬ˡִСӽͣٴ㣬Ҿһͬͬͻǵһڶˡ
ҲǺõġ˵仰ĵģȻֻмգѾλɩϼʶδʶδĶ
ĸףҲ
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ӵһεĶӣСнʮ²µĹ⣬ôܲǣ
һĸףһ־ڽ֮ɾˣûǱ벽ԸÿһĶŮԸһȥأһסƬصᾴмһУģػĶŮ
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Цųе̧̧°ͣУһ
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Ϊʲôܣִ⻰ʵȣСӣȻûϲ
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ȷʵˣִﱧСǰӴǹ˵˵ҲͦԵİǸСӵ°ܸš
ܸһ޲ʵνúܣѸҲνеأǮرǮ
СӲһĸʸ˲ŵСӣһҸĲа
ɩӣҲǸ˼ɩǿе㲻ԡ
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ĲɵСӵ֣Ѿŵʱҵ˶ԵˣôСӴɫСɾСӻˡ
ˡѾżˣһ·ǰСϸĵطعεؾǰĵƻûعҪű޻ˣվҺ棬ûУ
ִ̧ͷǰԺõĵƹƻݣǿǰƺϣҹĺûаѵƹûǰѵĵԶԶĺڲס
һxǼ䣬ͻȻ뵽ǰĵһүվ޴ޱȵĵط֤ŵҫʱʲôĸо
ǲǾƾеĵƴһܹϮȥĴأǶ󱲵ľ
ط硣һ߻Сõ棬õר֮ܵԡ
ط汧ĵճӻͷСЦˣЦŸ˵ҲҪŬһطȳиһúóиǺһһܶĺһ
ӵֻ룬޽޸ط棬޸ʲôռĻǾںܶǵĺôһȣΪǵĺֽĵطܾΪƴ

152

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ʮ£֮Ķִ࣬ﲻȥһѴ͵ȫˣȻҲǻУ·ǳ˵û˿ó
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ִֵ洫˺ڵʱնɣǰڽϣС뵽Ϊ֣Ϊ˸ˡ
ҲȻд治ῴˣݼ㣬˭˭Ƿֵģؼ˵ûҲǶġ
ͣĿҲˡ
ҲǺ£Ҳ֪󷽣רģִ˰ɣ˲ռˣܶͻ㣬ҪǴ磬Ҳ޵ﶼЩˣĿߣҲš
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СѾۿţͷùүѵʱȥү˵˼Ҽĸסļݵ˼ˣ˼סŪڹһҲ˵ȵϾۣڴҵŵͷʹһ٣ٰӵҼ˯
ִǲ֪ЩµģСѾҲ˵
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һϳҪȥҲҪȥ
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ǵһʽϳɩףɩΪˣ͵Լˡ
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꣬ĵСӵǳһߵЦġ
СӸܸߣסǼδſ
ˣĥɶʲôˣִٻף״˿һ㶼ûõĴ󽫾ݺݵذһۣٶȣأˣǵ˴㰡
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תߣֱסӡ
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ɩ˵ڳ壬ҪԵ㣬ǲ⣬̫Ӧˡ
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ڹǰСӸµشЬ˵ҳȥ졣
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Ϊеˣ˵ֻȥȸˣһΪ༸أȻأǸ˺ü궼ûأ
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ȥ찡ִﲻˣϷ߲йˡ
ڹȥˣһȥˡ
ͼ죬ҵ˾ͻءڹǲͷˣôʣǰҵġ
УҲˣҲ㣬ҲסҶﻹһ⺢Ҵסȥҡ
ִϰСӣڹŵȥסͳ𣺡ʲôˤô죿
ôңȥģִ˵ᶼˣǲǶҲͲˣ
ǡڹʶ͵˵꣬Ӳ޵С۴СӽץѲţһӣСǹ̵ᶼѣ䲻ġ
СӣңһġСӵΪΪ㣬Ϊ㻳СӣжѣͷģҪҡ
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ҡִᣬͷ˸һңզϲ˭˭
СӣڹǻġڹǶؿϣ
ۿŵСΪ粻۾һʪ
Ϊˣ˶ˣһˣӴףˡ
˸㣬Ҳûµġ
ҪСӣֻ֮йܽ˽ȥˣȥ޻أ֪𣿡
ҪĶû㵽Ҫʲô
Ъ˹ǲߵСӣСۿеڹĿڶˡ
Ӹرĸһ£תͷͳȥˡ
ͷ壡ִźȴһƬɫӰУܳȥ׷ȴںŶУҲû常Ӱ
ӣѰСѾżֵؿǣ֪ʲôˡ
ִۣۣޣԼĸ׶Ծʧִ˵ִҲֹѾ߱ȥ
Ǻ
ӣ죬۽ǶѪˡѾżţмæȥСѾġ
СѾϵʱ򣬿ҴڱСⲽıڰӸ˵ڹˣȥˡ
ӡСѾ߽ؽһ
ȿˣǻذգǼ¡ִﱧŶǵĴߣúôɨţҲҪˣĴҲģŵؼҰա
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ĪҪˣִʱͷĶͷ᲻µˣĸһۣǶˣǺúõصòã
˻޵ʪ۾ִĺ۾ʱȫίġ
Ƕˡִ
ίر˱죬ǴӦˡ
Ȼݣִ۽Ǻ°Ͷˣ̫ˡ
ң֪ڹˣΪӴ˿ںȰһ䣺үϵĸƣּҵѾƮ˺ܾˣػؼң̽̽װա
ǰסִԳЦЦҲ˽ĺã֪þãչһӡ
ģӣġ
š֪᲻ᣬ֮ôõõģҪˣǸ˶ͬһطʧȥĵط
ǲʲôõط֮أǲ֮أҪȻʮˣǵһλȥ
أǸˣǲأҲҪˡִͷŴ۾ɵɵؿĶӣ΢΢һЦǲǣС
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ʹѾˣʵ΢΢Ц과˸ϲͿʼƵظЩ˵⼸ڹˡ
ްʺٷˣûôԱǶ˰췴ˡ
檳ȺĳЦûеģҲൽ˾ҲǸźٺ֡
ŸϣǼҹ극ô
ػϣǲ׾³һٺ÷ˣҺѣҰǷ˽ĺͼˡ
ǻڻˣ
ػϣˡ
ѵãͷҲһۡ
ǡ
࣬Ǽôʵۻ˸ʡ
ػϣһһã֡
Ƿ˰ɣ
ػϣСڶúܡ
ͺãҲˡ
лϹġ
󽫾㸮Σʵֹĵ˵󽫾
ط̧ҾػϣҲá
Ҳãûˣ
ܺá
ʵüƽʱͦ˵ѽ
ƽʱһھһѣ˾ݣôôˣ
ػϣǲһжãûϹˡ󽫾ػص
ʵЦЦԹʹһˡ
󽫾ڸ˵㣬ǰ߶ӵڶôᶼˡ
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˻ҪģǸ̫ܸˡ
ʱÿһ˸鵽Ĺִӵİۣд飬˲ǣƾһ֮ڽϣأʱĶĵضˣ˶ڶ˿ڣǸŮǰ־Ӫʮ䣬ڵص˿ڴ֮ǰʮ˶Ǩ˿ʮ򣬶˿Ҳʮ֮ࡣ
ꡣ
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ĩ飬طҲ£ü۲ؽӿڵӸŻҲʱˣĩá
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󽫾һһǳɣû˻ʱ䣬ߵĴǶ׷׳Ծؿ֪󽫾ʲôУȻƽΪ˲
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ҲˣֻھȹǲɵĨЦúܿ죬ȥúܿ죬һۣͷ۹۱ǣǹ죬վš
ʱҲԾؿŵ󽫾ٿʱֿ΢ЦʵЦؿŵطͷҲü
⵽ôˣ
ôһ꣬úõľһ㣿
ᣬعڶվӵĳҲߺӦ󽫾٣վǰļŴ࣬н˳ɶǸӦӵġ
Ҳ֣ǵӣǻʺָ߹ܸɣ̫ӣʺϲˡ
ʱ̫ӵĺЦ
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Цؿͷĵط棬󽫾
󽫾ɵúã֪һ޹ؽҪ̫ʶ;Żʶĥĥ£㵹ãһ־Ͱ޵İλãһ㣡

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ʵ˵˵Ц̧ͷһ۽ô裬ôѪŻѪΣûһиҪϰ
߰ɣʵۻӻ֣޲뿴ˡ
ط湰֣˳ȥ
˳ź󣬻ʵۿΤꡣ
ŪļҵףԺΤǵӵսģ㡣ʵʱһʲô취ҵһһÿ©ȫͳ
Τ꿴ʵҲ
þú󣬼ʵǣҪȻƾһ죿Ϊָɾˣɾˣ
Щ꣬մѪˣɱһط棬;Լ׵ģ
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Сֵܣɱϻս񣬰սʤھҪԼıһý䣬Ҳһֵܡ
̫ˣ̫˾ˣǻ̫õġ
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ΤܵĲ׷ϼ߳ĵط棬ҵʱѾ쵽ˡ
һס˦ǽϣʹ⣺ɵ㣿
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⣬ҲΤ곶ϵĺҪһŮ˻ˣ֪֪Ϊɵģڵ㵶ҵŲһǾ͵ȫ꣡±еİ˵죬ǵмΣ㿴ڻм˻Τң
Τ˵꣬˼ֻѹͺ𣺡һһأ㵽ʱûУָ˼޸ʸ㣬ּʲôһ·˿Ǹ˲̼˼ңǼѫңǵĵճӣһ֮һ֮㲻ᱻǵӽ龢Ū˰ɣˣǸүǣǸɱ˰ôܴ
ΪСӸʵۻʺŸɣǣΤҲǷ

˵ˣط濴ʡ
㡭Τܻصģ㵽ôģ
˵Ҿˡ
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һеĽͰǰԺֿˣϵǿżûĹҲû֡
һ·ʲôʲôʲô͵ʲô
ִϢȴ󽫾ûһۣ˺ԺҶԴƮİ˭Ҳ
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һΪսĽһΪ̵ĽеĽսֹǾһ϶󶼲ȻĻŻˣʤ̣Ϊһһսϵˣ˵ѹҷƱͱĵӻܡ
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ǰߣΤˣִһһӾ͵Ҫҵ
˵վȥ˾ǰԼױҩЧûô죬ѿţټӵ׾һųѿͷ¯ˡ
̫ˣִ￴žֱҡͷֵҪܴӵصңһң޲ɻȥŮ
۾׵СѾվԱߣȫҴӵĻʲôЦģȻһԲ
ִھгͷ
һͱֳȥӪĵպûɩӣϵЦûˣ۾һֱɩӲ
ʲôҲû˵ִĶˣΤ껹û֮ǰοһװģɩûôң˵ˣ㲻ֶ֪Ӵģģɱִˡ
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Сͷȥ˲Ҫˡ
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طҲźڽƳɵתȦ۾ΤϾΪ̫࣬Ҳ˳Ҿƣ췴һһҪң˵Ϊ˸ŮҪ𣿡
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ͷѾͻȻˣĺ۾ؿֶӣһԸǡ
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ҡ
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˵⣬ʱû˵ˣΪСѾ۾ֲŭڵؿ
ִﱻŵûͷС˵㿴ӵûɩңСѾ˼ˣǵǣôɸˣȼ޹ȥ˵
˻Ӷ˵Ĵ󽫾ޱؿ֪ɩʱʱһ飬ý̻̻á
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158

ȴЦѣлɩɩ̻塣
̻壿̻٣
ˡ
ˣϲ˲룬ִﱾ볯СգգۣһԼ²̫ʺϰڻˣֻʹգͺãþҲûϵɩɩҲô㣬еССİˡ
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СƲ죬Ⱥֻῴĳˡ
˵СԼ̾ǸϽɡ
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168

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169

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170

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175

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ģ͵ǺÿģÿľǺÿˣ۾ôģ󽫾ü˵
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179

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Ͼ˵ĽǶȻһ㣬ң˵ķҲ˲һ
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Σֻ˵˰һݵ˰õָԼĵطŹסԼҲȥܵʱ㲢ûзԣҵ㻹Եһο飬ѡţҲߣΪͥ⻳ŲԴѡӦԺİ֡ĹȻɹ󣬿ɵҲ˵ˣĵǵĿأϣﶼΪūΪ澣Ҫµ֡
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ʵŴūԼԣҪ˼ҲԸ⣬ǺǵĺܲҲӲͬʱҲһ⣬Ҳ⣬Ǻ죬ǵԺܲ
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182

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ҪܰҲð죬»ʵǹŶ
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Ҫִ֪֮ǰΪ˸ֶָʵۣΪŮ֢ʦûһλԡ
ĸ˯ȥˣղ˰죬˸ⲻϴ˸ˮ˯ˡִͷۣҲ֪ʲô׽һһԸ괩ŮһӣǴĥ÷ûԸġ
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183

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184

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ߵʮˣһ벻ˣʱ䡣
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185

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֪ҵĵսҲǸˣһֵʹó뻯һݵ߳жȴǳ룬֮ǰڽСլסʱͱһֻŵ۴УҴܣߵ֪ü춼ռӺͼнǡ
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СʦүһߣִȥʰСӡ
ҪףǣҪ֪ɣִһԵĶǰСǷǣǺÿҪѧҵ֪ѧ磬
СûӴͳԵģֵ֣֣֣ġ
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ףֵģ˧¾ͳСɤӴصֵģСӣǵġ
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ﵱ¾͵һЦٺ٣С
ܲܵһݳԻˣʱô죿Ϊá
ڹһҡŻ˯ҡŲ裬ŹأСӺӲգ۵ģ۾һ۰ףѹͲ뿪˵
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ҶϲССҲǸоˣС˸üɫ輤;СԼ֣˧ء
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üʱңҡҡͷ˵̾˿΢΢ЦţûһŮѧҲ˵ܾܲȵûˡ

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ʵ۵Ͱѳ͢ҪԱеһһΣ¸Ϊɵĳ͢Ҫѵõûִֹǻʵ۴пһͻͽʱɣҲˣµһ֮񣬵Ĳ֮ǳˣҴֱֱӣڵһȷָᶯеʿײҪǰʧܵģ͢ٱҴӣֻ辶ṩһԴԴṩ˵İ취ҸǿĿа취
ʵֻҪ涼ѹһ㣬ܰӶĹѧѧ֧ţҲǴѧѧ˽ӷӹĸ
ȻǮҪģĲ٣鿴󣬶Żʵ۵ۣͷϣС
˵Ҳǲ˼飬֮ʮǰ屶࣬Ŀ
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Ϊʵ۳ˣҲ濴һи·ΪҳĽЩ˿ܻкܴಿ˻ƶӵ֮ҡλֱܴдЩθڻû󣬱Щθںܴ󣬲ÿƵĵҪǿ̫ˣٿȺʮʮ׹ǻعˣΪθڴһ׹ֳɲţײ˶һضѵǰѡˡ
ǿЦˤ飬õĻ˵൱ȴǿеġ
ʵǸӣڸѧʿһѡ룬󲿷Ҳ
ڸѧʿУƶӵܳ⻰ҲòҲףǵײӵ;˵ǰǧɱ˳͢͢ٵسһпŲŻͼģһóǵ̫ˣЩǮбĹԱеǾٲΨ裬ţŹ˶ţѾһɳȴȴ֪ǵٺֻڼĸǿƸӣʵϣûеûʹͣһеһլӡ
λأлʵ۵ʹͣھлмӵڴ˵ĲƸ˿ɹǴá
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סˣΪվǸе滹ûľŻӳӯʾʹ˲ͻͳɼȥ
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ܹûãһ㣬ѾˣǾǻʵ۾԰Ӣżƻɹһ죬Ҫȷһλʵܵ˴εġ
ҸҪǣǷ˵꣬ԻñΪ˵ܻһεճӳΪļߣʵ۽˭޾ͱ֡
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һԲһ²ڶվ󣬿ɼ˻Ǻһ׵ġ
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žŻӸ̨׽ˣǴϾŻˣ̫Ҳ֪ǷҪŸˣǳҲͶ֪ˣʵ۸˵ˣһҪžŻӶ̫ӵλˣҪһСľͱˡ
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ԴУ˵ˡ
ǰܼзҲܡִͷһа취ġ
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ϾɷŮҵļ˻Ҫһʱĳ嶯Ҫ˵öˡ
аɡݼʵˣŵͷ㣬һһΣУа취ס㡣
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һǰˣ˭ţ
˵˵˼գ鷿Ҳûˡ
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мѹأһǻʵ۸ɲɣһôùԱȥ֧һߡ
ͷƶ۵ͶĶǲǻҲֻЩһе˲ŻΪһ΢һõδȥƴǻȴô˵ʵۺ͹Աȥȥ飬ңǴͷȥ
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һǳǳ׵ĴƻʵõӢżƻҪ󵨣ǣĺôҲ̫ˡ
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Ϊ֮ǰɣҲòܸɵóɣ룬ˣź˵Ҫ飬˵кãִЦŵҪǻʵԼһ
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š˵룬ҪǴӦˣǼ߿ɣ
Ҵ󽫾ɣ
Ҫġ
ԥطһۣϱС͵ڹǸǲмһǲм䳰úܣСӻֹ˵ɶأ档
ִţƤܷˡڹߵ
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ͱһһͱִʼ磬ʾںⲻ򱨸׼
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ط濴ӣܲʵ𣿡
ʼᣬΪǰ
ǰﰡЩģִ˵Ϲֻǰ˵˵ѣ˵
ҪҲΪۣܶҲֻڵԸʵ۾죬ۺɳʵʣҪҪ˵ҪȫˣѹͲͷ
˵Ļҵһ飬˰ɣ󽫾ʵúᡣ
ǰǰִϽͷ߹ȥ֣ҲţطǸұ֤˵Ҳֵģ
ѾˣС
Ƕˣ
طüҺú롣
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ˡ*֮µĵ󽫾úܡ
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طıڰ
˵ţ۾ȴݿȥ
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Сִ֮ǰѾȷˣҪֻҪӦͲ
ģģֻҪӦͲǵļȥðա
ͷط̸󣬾ؼ֮ǰʵ˵ϣĩе˵
ţʵҪʵҩɢ˯⻰˻ûߵĳӣˣָŵطרΪһ˵ʱ䣬˵޸˵ġ
ˡطһתҪߡ
лҪ˵Ϻãǽĵһ
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طͷҲԼһŹڻʵס
Һܴ۰ɣط¾͵
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ĩҲࡣ󽫾Ǹʵˣϲʵʵ˵
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ʵۿֻǳɫҲ˵㣺ǼұΤǿǿ㣬˸㡣
СС;ȥսˣһ·ס
ҪȻǼֻΤ֮ǰ
ʵҲ֪뵶һ·߹Ǳ˴Ҳ˴˳ɾһ·кûϸ˵һܴġ
ǣĩһֱͦ᲻ǰǾòģû˶ˣ͸ˡ
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ʵ«ʲôҩ
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⼸Ϊ˸ϸ˵ЩҪ˵飬Ѿƣڶڼʵۣ񾭶ľˡ
²б˸ѶԸˡ
죬˵ԴʵʱҲֻŶһСʦҪ粻˵öˣСӰ˸µʱ۴У̫ˡ
Ҳվһˡʦ˵ֻǲ˵ﶮǲǣã
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֪ԣǸԻԺִһŮǻ飬չȥǲϵŮСĥùСЦͣ
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ʦͽһͼ˵ط档
طһ³ʦͽĵصǣһǣͰصѹһֵĴ˹ȥֿһݡ
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ִﲻ˵˵ģͷվʵǰ¡ǸкˣԸϽСԣڻˣ顣
⣬ΪĶŮ顣
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ȻǰǣҪ£пʵʩĿԡ
ҪѾ߱˵ĺܶҲлûеġ
ִΪһʵĴŮһֱרעĵҲʵǸʵۼ˵һͷе
Ѱٲݲᵽ˻ʵǰǸʵ÷ǳٵ٣ɳֵũﶼ˵һ顣
мֵģϷܵõֲڱҲмܵõֵ
ЩֲĺܶռдŶЩˣ࣬˵ӣǿ԰ͷҲЩصûжִŸʵۼ˸ʾøŰصСȷʵ˵طĽ̣Լص̻˼
ȫĻ͵Լˣ㲻
ǳ򵥵ըֿʼ˵˰ǸƤ£ְѸ֮ĽͳӰ˵һ顣
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ʵѾ˵ˣ˫ۿƵġ
ִڼ˵ֱӵģʵӦöס
ڰ￴Ҳûãʵۿɲɱļƻ̫ˣ涼Ǯ
ʵǮҲܸǮ¹ȥɣ
ṩİٲݲᣬֻҪֲõûʵǧİˡ
öʮ꣬ɳܳΪĴ*ͲŻʵ۲Ķ
һǳʵ»ܵĵĴģҪɱĻֻ˵Ҫġ
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ִָʵˣʼʵһȡһǮӶҪǺúգҺúֶֹҵʲĻعٸһ굽նӶˡ
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ʲôûо޾ûף˵ĻкܶطٽһУ
ʵһˮָűһͨĽʲôʾͼļãûףͷβٸ޽һ飡
˿ʱˣͶ˵ˣʱãʵ˵ҲûʲôüģţȻظøš
ʵۿһĮؿλÿ춼żؼŵĴ塣
治ףķжóԣÿһ춼Żȥ
ִҲøûȥˣɷ͵ߵˮһˣͷͬϣ˵Ķ˵òˣȻȥ룬ǻͷ˵
󽫾˵꣬ü˻ʵۡ
ʵ۵ʱһһ׵ģʱҲضǷǸСӾ͹ĺˮɤӣֻܶŴ󽫾
ûҲͲǳʱ
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ַǰٲݲᣬС֣ٸ˵˵㽲ЩܳԵĶʲôţ֣ǰôû˵
ֽ׹һһιĹйףÿ˾׵İɫʵǰɹˣĥܳԡʵǳϵһף׺ãˣһֻҪÿ궼һ㡭ִһϵͼ͵ֵĴɳõĶ϶һ»ʵ۵ġ۹⡱֧ʹŴ󽫾ȥȥ˵еӶˡ
ͳԵģյǱߣҧ䣺ûףǻȥ𣿡
мۿüŻʵۡ
лǼҹʵ˳ȥˣָطͷվ˵ˣȻӹ޺ú˵˵
طͱָĩˣĩҲշҳù֣Ŷ䣬΢㡣Ǳߣǵ˵ʳʳõķúܣҼСǼ˵㣬˸꣬ݺͶֻˣҲ棬Լ
ʵ۱ûһֱڿǻԵע⣬һһֿ̫꣬ˡ
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ʦͽھǳԵĶĿζһ˵㣬һõ˵㡣
ʵۿ򵶲ط棺ǰ˵սʱ͸ҩͳԵĴˣ
ط治˼û𻰡
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ˣɡʵЦЦֿţôû
ŰɣҲЪᡣ
ʵųʦͽǱ߿һۣվⲽʦͽǰЦкƵʲôҲ
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طҪʵھͱ̬ȣΪˣԺʲôˣҲɳֱǷԼ
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ִӴӿʼ濪ʼ˵Ҫ׷磬ǵжԶԲ̸ʲôǲǿôԣôֲٲݲϵĿʼ
ִǾǱزٵĻǴ˴νص㣬ʵ۵Ĳصȫһٲݲ¼ʮ⣬ʵִﶼе㽹ˣѾ˵ĻǣѵЩǶ𣿡
Ϲʸʲô˵ȥ˵춼˵꣬޵ˣûؼҰ
Ҳ˵ǡʵһֱץǱû֡
ƢЦЦִҲͷˡ
һᣬҲǲ֪˵ʲôźã˵˾ũ֮²Űѻελϣ˵ģֻ֪һһЩֻŹ֪⡣
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Σؾͻʵ֮ǰҪʵ˵һ顣
ٲݲ㷭Ÿɬĺĸʵ˵ĵӡ
ҪǵĻ类ˡ
ʵ۸Ʊӣȿˮ
ִûҺȣ͵춼ˡ
춼ˣԻؼˡ
Ĵ󽫾ȥøƵģһӾͶˡ
󽫾ʱҲɫĵس˵ϣûã˳¹˵ˣûȥ˰ɣ
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ʵۣһֱԱ߸ŵӿСεʱҲ˿ڣ˵վ͵˰ɣҪǡ
糽ʱǾ͹޵ǡʵ۴
ʱʱϣΣִ￪˵ˡ
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ʦЦ˵жαˡ
ʵۿŴ򿪵ţһ˵ЦˣԴ;ˣվһֱû˵̫ӵ֪˰ɣ֪˵˰ɣ
СӵĲվûߣӣЩһܿǾıŵᣬ˵ܸɵģԺõģտʼޡ
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ĵصĶ˳Ӧøϸ˵ּҵڶǱɵӰ졣
Ҳֻ˵ֻּͼͼģҲһֱһαȫ֣ûͼҪݲǡ
˵ϣ˭֪˶÷ţҲִּû˼ҪȻҲøһ
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237

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238

ִﻹ൱»ʵۼСŮġ
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󽫾ΪŽŲѣִеڽˣҲûš
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ʲôѣʵһڵؿѾ˵ľӣѡģѵȥĶʲôˣһ̻ͭĶ̻һ̻˰ҪҵʱͭĶ̻Ҫ˶Ǯôģ
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248

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ˣԸ񲻺ãȷ֣ܵУѺõĻľӶһ飬ʵ۵Ǳķӣٽ̵һ顣
һȵҪɢʱҲ죬ϵӳ۴󳼽γ⡣
εʮĿмףѣѶȣ漰ķ棬ʱι֮ȣϵӽҪǹԺĸ֮ţǱڸ涼൱¸ԺֹҲԼˣʡʱʡ⣬ȥ
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˵ʵѡĿеĿüˡ
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ȻеľУеľǲС
ͷڴ˼Ҹһ˶ûУһͻһ֪϶ǸǮ˵۵ڼˡ
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Ҫǣʱ̫ˣûôʱѧظһһѧǵøѼϼûƢ̫õĺ͸ѧǱģ˵ˣѧʮѧֻʮʦѧϣ͵˵ʺʽֻܴظȥռñ˵Դ
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ˡ
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Ҳʼʮڣ˵ʵı仯ԴΪУʼڰֽϻʮǰʮͬεĴӣʮǰģİСܿóֹؽڹĹͷƤŹǵģʮĴҪߴ󣬽׳öࡣ
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ִﻭҲ̴ͬһҰɳļª̴һϺǵĴӡ
ѧǿȻͬĴûٴĻŵ˵ɹˡ
ʮȥ⣬ûгɹԭʲôֱִӵ˵ΪûȺ˹󴬵˲š֮ǰңҸûа취ҸûҲûֻܱ֤ȥ˲ţԺΪ˵⡣
Ҹҵʦֵǽ֮ǰϵ⣬ûн⣬ϣܽǸˣǵСִ￴ǵҳվǰǽһЩһԭϣһ죬ǳǵʱΪǽЩǽ˵⡣ǺǸ̽ϣͬʱҲҽϣ
ƶһͻᰤ򡭡ִеıʣ˵һʱһλΪǴѾˣйҶǸ׳ƳǾûΣˣһߣеĹҵˣѾеӶǵĲƸŰǵĽֿǵĳ˽ʿǵԴУ»Ҳ֪飬ȥ꣬λĴͻЩˣˮǶˣӺӻϺ磬˵ⱲҲˡ
ִ˵꣬ʦֵử壬Ҫš
ʾ˹Ҳ΢Ļʵ۵š
ִ￴
Ṭȥ뿴
лҪ˵ѻ

251

ʵǣһһֱûб¶ݡ
ʱ˿ڣѧǷӦٶ٣ûҵΪǵ۾һֱ޴Ļϡ
ִ˵ĻĳǵԺϡ
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꣬Ŀξɢˣʱ䡣
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ȥϿΣִһѧãһ¾ãЦѽûˣ
ѧСҲʮˣɳ̵ĺõģʮͶܶˣͷûһĵ٩Ƥģ֪߳ܣ
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257

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258

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ѧõжԻҩ֮оˣǣ⣬ûа취ִ˹Ĵʼ顣
⼸һϸϸ˼ܿ˵ΪĴ𰸡
ִ˼󣬰ʦִֵȥˡ
д˷ţ취ź˳츮ˣǴӹٷǴ䣬ԭ϶ö͵ȥңֽ֡
дţϻؼųϿȷ
ʦʱҲæˣڼŽһЩæ飬㽻ССô÷ǳãҪ˯ˣʦĸʱͰðԼϣ˯
ÿɺˣСѾǰæ
СеˣǴСʦĸ׵ĻﳤģЩǡѾѾҲϣʦĸף˯ţʦĸ֮߶ú˯ˡ
Ҳɣ֪ĸ׺ʦæúܣѾѾ̰ϴССţɺãһ˯
ˣִѾǰ齰˳һ˯ڴӰ쵽Ͼûʲôʱǣ˯һߣż̧ͷۣܿǵǰɡ
ںĹɣСҲ֪ʦĸæԽ磬ĵ˴ȥĸ׵ķżӡ
֪кǵʱ򣬷ˣӻ˵ϽȥǡͷС
Сɵؽһ̡
ѽСڣôˣ֪֪ѵ磬һʲôʱѣʲôѣһҪչģ˭֪ûҵСӣǲ궼ʧˡ
ᷢССصԼᡣ
С֣һ£˴̿
֪Цã̰òã
Сһ£á
ͷС裬ССӣСȥǵˮȡ
ˮůůġ
ʱСѹһѹҲǳžܣСӵããˣ
ͷˮȲȣ
ȣȵҰȥϴСкѾȥˡ
ִʱѾǵĶֵóǿˣ΢ЦųСŮȥգգۡ
СߵЦˣ˫רСӣҪˮȥˡ
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ѧϿΣѧǵڿξս£ʼԼѧ˵սµá
ݣЩսãںް֮£Ҳ԰굽ôҵʵĵطڳս콨ǽֵе
ôһ̣Щ;߱һܵѧǺܿǵĽŲʹ˸չֽۡ
ѧշǳãȵ󽫾ĽݱǴܱˣ˴δս󽫾˴ɱ˵ʮ򣬱Ƶõ˻ݸϢģִһϿΣѧǾʹ󽫾Ϣʸͣ
ִ˵ҪǶһ䣬ͻ˿ذͻȥȺ˾Ъˡ
󽫾սʤϢклõģ˵ˣģ͵Լˡ
˴δս˲٣ɳʿҲǳңʮ࣬˶ƵģһǹǺǵĵҲҪӳɱЩһʮɳԷǳҵĴ۲ŰǱأƽݵݸǡ
ʮսҲ˴롣
˴δսĵ׷ıţܵıۺɳ֮ǰĸǴ˲٣Щħľһ¸Ǿѡ
󽫾Ǳ߿һƣһפһǰصֱ˳ݵʱ·ˣ嵽ɳλ󽫶սƲɵɱűɱһ㡣
ˣǸ
ţƸǴ˾飬Եı˰ɳĺͻȼǽɳ
ʵ۽ӵҰЩϢð֪ˣġ
ⳡսֻӮ䡣ʵҹڸĴ󳼺ڳ˵ͻȻˣҲҪסˣܷȺħǴɵĹһҪɱ⣬һ
Ǳ˷˺ݣڼ֮ڰ˳Ҳ̸һλཻйǽһҩ̵Ķӣ֮£̸ھھ־ڰŴ̸֮£û룬С˵Ҫ˵Ļһ˵Ϲæȥˡ
ˣܶ͵ǰȥˣڳһȥ˰æȥˡ
һ͢ȱã͸ɴԼ˱ӣԼѲߣԼĵط
˼죬󽫾ͻ˼ñס˵Դأʵ۴ǿħı˵ͷŵõŻ
󽫾ھ˵Ѿ֪֪̽Щ˵ڳСһĳӣĵһרѪǼԲιǵѪǾͻᷴͬ
󽫾˵׽ѶϢ˵ǵĹʦ˵Ǳ˴֮ˮԴˣǱҪٹ뿪ط·Ǿٹıռɵԭ
󽫾˵ЩֻܶɱˣһЩˣǺ˱˹ǵѪŻӵµģЩ˵ֻܽˣǵ̫ˣޱײУ˵սɳϣٻ¾ռɽý׼
дܽ󽫻ӡľɽ֡
ĩֵΪսػҴɰսҵȴӾ֮˵ıݣĳɳڵĳ뵶ĳĽʿΪΪΪѾķϣƴҵ޶С
лҪ˵Ѹá

259

󽫾дôݲȣ˳󣬴ñ׳ޱȡ
ʵ۷αվĳ˵󽫾˴ݾ׼ˣǲộ޾ûµʱ򡣡
ǵߣ˳·
ʵվм䣬˵£Ҫ°޴˶̣޾͹˶ĺӣܵ
ʵûԣĴǶѾˡ
ˣмܱȵ統㿪ȵ۴½ɽүתĵ󽫾
һƾźպսһţӲڻʵƤӵ»
ҪǶˣס
û˸ô룬ڳıϽҲҿڳԣ̾˿ͷ
ǵٵģԵĶķķǿĶɣרŸ뷹ԣû˱ȵ츳󽫾ǵѵһתţ£û佫ʤھϵ츳ܡ
ҪΪսģ˼ʱ
԰ǰҪޣ̴Ӯʵ˳Ĭֿ˿ڣܰ
ǰϳڡ
úܺð˵ʱգΪ£ûؼҹ
ػϣ£ҲûصģϳأҲջذ̾Ϣ
ĺãʵ۵ͷļ磬ˣ
ϣ¸֣ٶȲ죬ʮ䣬ͻһ㣬Ǵ㵽Ѹϳʮϣϸ󽫾ȥǴȹȥô󽫾ٰ֣Ѻĸϳ͹ȥǷ˵㡭
û£ȱǰɣ
Цϣ̲⼸ֻҪǿŵĵĴǶæˣȱˣᶽŵ˶͸ˣɻȱŵ㡣
£ްѶãΤꡭ
ڣ
㲻һֱɳ𣿡
ϣΤ겻ŵؿ
ڣ޸ôһᣬˣǼɣһﵽĿԸ͵󽫾ˣ£Ǹֵô̵ġ
ϣΤ
ʵ۷޸ᣬҪʧ
ûϵ˵Τ˿ʹ
š
ʵתͷҪٸĳ˵ʱһתͷǰڣӾ󵹡
ϡ
ʵ۱˷ţҧ⣬ҧѪƬ̾˹վû£û¡
ϣЪһɡ
ϣǣЪһɣ֪ˣȥ취󽫾ż
ʵҧʱһ٣ڴ󳼶᲻ѣ׷ǰȰ衣
ʱ˳ȥ˵һᣬʵ۱ھѩеĵˡ
**
ִͷҲ֪ս飬Ҳ֪Ҵ󽫾д˵״˵Ҳûʲôпͷͦܵġ
ҲܿޣʱˣصͨնǸΪשߵԾܡʳǵڽţ̵˻ﲻ⿪ˣ껹ҪѧͿũҸ¶棬пû˭Ҳ뵱ūôͲǿ޵ʱ
ᣬִҲ֪˴󽫾ʹְֺͨɽǴ¾Ѿϵ˾ǣʥȥˣңϣǿȥơ
⻹ֻһڽС½Ҵ󽫾ľɽ¾˷εظϹ;ǰȥƻع󽫾£Ǵ
С£ǲȥǧˡ
ǧˣ౱ĸפصбطųȥľɲģûյǴ󽫾ٻʵ۵󣬵͵ӱ޹ˣеûյʵ۵ֵһϢʹ˿񱼹ȥˡ
ľɽ֪ǰͷУξȥ󽫾Ǵˣ׷װοִ˵ˣЩ˶ǸŴ󽫾ϹɽɳĮĴ󽫣˲֪ٱǸŴ󽫾ǾܸǰһˣûʲôǶ֣Ǵܣڻ£
ִЦŵͷ
СʱմӼĲ˸׵ĲٷṦΰ̫Ĵ󽫾ˣ̫սˣϧ̫СˣøһȥҲʧѡ
СЩﾲ˴˵˺öĻһ𴲣ϲĲСӺС˸Сľ
ִʱ䶼ڼңҲͲ֪ʦһǵС˽öûù÷ҲһľһһʽؽСͽ
ʱʮҲˡ
ʮϣִ˶үĲϱгСӹһ꣬үڹȥˡ
һִۺˣɩ˵ҵſ˰ˣҲأɩɩɲܳ£һûأ˵ˣͼ޵ġ
ִﱧСѾͷıãɩӽء
˼زᣬԲסɩɩҲǣҲǡ
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˵үǸЪЪˣ尾סһ춼ЪϢǿȡ
ͷ˳пɣΪ󽫾ְ˸ϳˣһδ󽫾ʤҶֵعֺꡣ
ϣڹǱ˻Բѵĵ˸
˱˵ĵطȺӣʱ˱նϵӳǽˤͲˣҰңڹ˵꣬۾С˵СӣڳԵģϹͷҪزȥ
ִڴϣ촽ĴɫһĲ԰׵Сãڹ˵ãȻúܣʦһ£ȥڹ˵չСӺվȥǸСôˣ
׵úܣأʲôޣ̿ɴû˭ڹǵ֪Ϲޣߴߴ
ǸǵִΪЦϽȥԵġ
ѾǴүһţѾңңȥˣ³ԵҲˣִﻰһ䣬Ѿߵӣү˳Եˡ
Ͻ
ҪˡڹǴҳԿȵľҪˡ
ִͷѾȥԵù£˿ӣȥ֣ˣ⼸ûԺðɣ
ҲûԺã˲ϳԣûġڹһڰͷ¶ǣһ˰࣬Ÿ˵⻹СʵүţҾͲˣȥҼŸ·
áִͷװĵ˵Ҳ׵úܣô׷
ڹǾ֪ʣûҧĵİͷ£̾Ҫˣ㵣Ҳûã̾ٺҲõһȥƴ׶ݣ壬ƴô壬ôƴֻ˲Ų£ţ˾ʹ򲻵ǣ֪𣿡
û˰ɣִ˳ӣӰѱᶼˣװԼûޣһҲû
㲻Ҫˡ
áִֹ
Ҳ޵ģʵ̲ס
лҪ˵Ѹ

260 

ڹǳ극ϴĶˣִͷ˲ҩűӿˡ
ңʱѾ˵ǼҴҡҡͷӣѧֻܾΪ
ִ֪ô£ͷΪͺá
ͷԸСѾ׼׼ҪõĶ󽫾ڴ̣ס⡣
ڣڣʦСС
ھСˤԴֲˣһ˰õģЩܻһ㡣
ǡ
ӣżࡣңԱ߰ο
ִһɩӣ֪
ʦʱ򵭵˻˾ͺãʲôУġ
ִﳯǿһЦֵͷ
֪ߴְõͷִСѾȥʵš
ʵ˵²ѱˣ̾˿ʣҪҪҽȥ
ĴȿţҪõʱ򣬳ڡ
ãȱʲôܸ˵
šִͷ˵ûߣչͷǰϣҼҴ󽫾дʲôˣ
ʵۿŵۡ
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ǰдġ
ʵ۳ſۣ˵ЩսһЩҪ˵Ĳ֡
ǳˡִﲻòԴ
ʵۿǸǵӣƽʱĸɴ䣬ˣҲǾ룬Ϊѵصս֣ޡ
û˵¾ˣ̸ЩҲִ۱ӣȻȥˡ
˼ˣ˳ſڣ·Ҳǲҡͷ
⣬˭֪ʱ˾ڻϿһ˭˯Ⱦ
ͷطʵΧƲߣʵۿţ̱Ϻþöû
󽫾˵ǲеģıԽ࣬ʿԽֻ࣬ԽֻţʱִĲ
ңıǱˣں׸涼Ҫȫٸˡ
ֻսپȥԹҲ
󽫾˵ģʵٶ
ģ֪ǴҪһ꣬ѧͿũǴɷٲʢӣΪսֲȣ䲼ȥװ;ϡ
͢Ѫܷϡ
Դ󽫾˵ٽһδ󹥻֮󣬴һ򾫱ǱԷڲչɱʮһӦϣɱˡ
ʱдսپٺòʵۿ꣬Ҳ֪һ˽ȥñҰŴ򿪣Щųˡ
˳һͿʵ̱ϲܶŵýһܹû£˿ϴ󽫾ţɨһۣͽ⣬⡭
ܴùһ˶ʮķӣ
ûʲôˣѾʼˣҲסˡʵ۱ۣɡ
ǺǾͺްɡ
**
ݵĹСسǽ⣬ڸ󸱽Ĵ£ǧͶһϮڵı˺󣬵طҪһ򾫱ڳԳսǰٷĵһ緹
ϵһٷÿͷһÿﻹ̳
ǰǶپֻͷˣѪöˣ̫³
ܱǼõٷˣ׳ƶͷ
֪ȥģǳŷҲֺǺǵ໥ȤţսİţҲͬۿɱϺȡ
ǶǾ̹ˣ֮²뿴Ҳ絭ˣԴڲһ죬Ǿһ죬ɵǾȥˡ
Сʦүֲϵ߶ڵϢ
Ǵ󽫾Ǳ˵оڲ֪Ⱥ׷裬һʹ˷ŮŮǴ󽫾ӷϺǸٳģʹڳǰˣû뵽ܵõϡ
ھͿЩ˻᲻ɱˡ
ҪʷûȥܶʮȦȥ
Сʦүû󽫾ĻȥӲǼ˼Уͷ󽫾˵󽫾˵е׹ܲðôڻûϢ
С㣬òĺͨԴӲ㱻ſˡ
㡭Сʦүףǰװ˶ðҼôˣ˵ȥҾȥ˽ҴĿ
֣ۣͨŲһưԽˮ
ʲô£˵ܱû󽫾ʻءСʦүְԴ󽫾գ󽫾ûа׹ܲð
󽫾ֻڲҪˣûʦүòС
ŸͶҲҪ֪Ϣ㷳ʷ̲ˣһƾ˹СʦүƤëñˡ
СʦүϽñϣ۸һëѽʦ壬ҵıȥ꣬ǣӦǴǰˣǴǰ˸ҵﰡõĺںñǧأǧ֪֪ùģ𣬰
ãСشñϣͦصָ˵ҸǰññֵǮˡ
һϵĵʱޱص߶߶ñһ򡣡
Сʦү˵һ˾ֻеݵİ˴ɲǵݣԴ˵ˡ
ͷβ̸ıˮ˵󽫾Ҫȥ̽̽
󽫾û˵Ǻͨ˿ڣүº͵̽ڳȻͻᴫϢˣ㲻ż
УȥܶʮȦ
̸ļ٣ֻɱˣ𣬴̣Ͻؼҿȥҹߣʱ¸ЩĲֻ֣һ꣬ವվҳȥܼȦȥ
ȥ½ԼӶĨˡ
룬û磬̽ӻЩѾԼɱԼˡ
ȵ磬ŶˣܳıɳʿǶΪӢ۵ģ룬Ǳб׷ɱ
һȺ˳ɳʿԼû֣ǾͰԼϡˡ
˷ܳ󣬺Ͱ׵Сʦүļ򣬡壬һˡ
ԣУǧõ
Сʦү˺ٺЦ۾ȴ˿Ц⣬ؿЩɱıˣ壬룬ɱǶԼˣǵĶٺӣӶûȢţ͵ܹǮúȢһӣЩộǵģЩͲˣԼǱˣ
䣬ս̨нʿ֣ż
ﻹͷľչСʦүСʦүϻ򲻴ˣ
ȥȥ׼šСʦүŵɼԼʱ￴һͼˡ
ʱپѾѱŷǰͷͳˣһ˵ϿܻҪǰˡ
ã·ϷǵţҪˣôǰܳһڡ
ͷСʦүȴûǴ󽫾ʱطѾ˲t̨һ
󽫾ôʲôûУ
ûУ
ûˣǡ
Զ˾ʵӪ
ȵȣȥʡСʦүСϸȣһȥˡ
ط߸ŵĺͨսǿСӰҡͷԣⷹҲ֪Եȥˣ¶ϸøƵġ
УУ󽫾䣬ҵ䣬үүİɡһᣬǻûߵӪСʦү͸ӱһرĹˣﻶţͲˡ
лҪ˵Ϻá
ǽĵһ
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261

Ŵսݱ˲бʣ޼ɳʤܿͻ῭顣
ԿϲµĴ߸߹ʨҶϲġ
ʵǲȵĺϢˣǸʮս佫˱ˡ
Ѹħһı˴ˡ
죬佫Ǽʵ춼ģҶϲû£ҲЦ
ʵȷݱʵץڳʮϳ󣬰ѧũˣѻæתѧýˡ
ݰǺˣͷ;ѧǣǱ𽾰ʦԶúء
ִ֪Ҵ󽫾û£˿ˣֻҪҴ󽫾ֻܻҪǻģеˣû¡
Ҫ󣬰ѵƴ˲ǡ
һҪأִĬĬ··ɿ˱Ƚ·Ĺǳձһ°뱲ӵ۸
ȻˣǸӳܳ£¹±*ˣִ·ɿ˸ߵĳ¸ǡ
ʮ͢ϳѧҲˡ
ִʮһĿΣһϿΣϰ˸Ʒ͸ѧ˵¸ûðҿҲǾһƵģö˵ˣõһÿΣԡ
˵ӵѧý꿼õСȥǷ
߽ûôһѴ󽫾ˣǰһοΡ
СԴ˺ܸˣǼĳӾ͸ˣ滻ҽԴϲִҪҴ󽫾֪ĵλܿͱȥҲ֪˻᲻š
С˫ȫˬʴ󷽲ʱȴе㺦ߣڴ֮£ǴŲӣ˷ȥˡ
һȻͯˣҪ٩ͯ䣬ûڣЦؿˣ˱һԴƨҷһ
õӣһĿüͷˣʾڰֽ
ǳȥ氡࿼СɷػˣִЦ
Сеˣǵһϵӣ׻սǴأʱЦϲõصʹһ࿼
ǽ˸С˰ðӡִͽĻȥӹ
ʱ˸һȥСˣҲˣִ˰Ѷ˳ȥڳӣñ֣С˿ʼ࿼
żҲŻѧʱҲС˴֣ɰСӼãͷβǺģ·˫˫ţһѼС񫡣
ڶÿΣִûСȥᣬʼѾ˽ľ
һĻûϣͱĴҪȥײǽˡ
ִﳰײǽԺҲȥ˻첻ϷˣƤȣϹپõȥɣҺܿ㣬հϹˣڳطˣҲλǸ˲ţ
ûоԼµһ˵İִһʹõڶˡ
ϧ̫ˣ˵һˮɱûڶ˵Ǵ
ִĿһ꣬Ѿӵûͻظȥ˰СͻؼȥСȥ䷹ȥˡ
Դ֪ʱʱʩһѹ˼ˡ
֪ҳʲôˣ궼ֻǻȥ˸ֻعˡ
ˣմӹתͷعȥϸϴһ飬Ҳм档
ִͨһͬʱҲеС
ܵСһˣһ˹˵ȣ󺰣Ҵﲮˣ
޿СԴǴˣɿɣܲˡ
ӦڹһᣬƸϴ˸߿һûԡ϶ʭ˵Ҳá
ˡִ͹ˣ˻ûЦ͵ˣѽˣſ治
˳ķ򿴹ȥתȵ䣬ˣЦЦִˣ۾ãǽսϧˡ
ִЩǴˣҲ֪ЩǿûһǺǵģ찡ҲûģȳҲǲضá
ƤҲ񰡣ִ˸ûһ߹;ȵؿŶӣСôŲȰҪܰ
ûܡһɿ˲ȣ̧СͳЦ
˿Сùͷˣܡ
˵޿κεؿУִˣľˣЪɡ
ִǴһܹ๤ˣȥ¶ʮţӻʵҪһӣÿ˼ӹһ죬͸ʮˣǧӵǧˣ죬͸ȥãòˣˡ
ٶ࣬ҲģҪϢ
ģô˻ؼһ˰ɣ
ִĹ˵ôడΨһܰľԼڻʵǰڸλǰи죬Ҵ󽫾ڹ
ҩȱԭˣ취ȥʵҪˣ˶ۣʱ˶ż죬ָʵҪȥˡ
Ҳû취ŮСɲûеһ㣬󽫾ĿԾͻһ㣬ھľݣܲš
ǣҲ֪ŴˣҾЪһҲáִЦŵͷֺõس˴˵ҪԭϻҲˣҶЪ˰ɣ
㲻û˵ݱˣǵʤˣ˶Ҫˡ
˵滹һ𣿡ִڹߵģʦͽڴ󽫾ϣ˸߶һ֪飬˭֪滹ʲôأб޻ģ˵أ
ˣ֪̾˿˵ˣȥ췿㶢ţٲġ
ִһʱüЦ˴񣬡лˡ
һˡ
ִˣǱȻϻˡ

ִǣ˶ӵ֡
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266

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УллϻǵͶιһףըڣ񵯣Զ볤ҷ˰Сƣ


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268

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Ҳҵֵ̫ܺ**һЩ˲͢ڻʵյУǲȴǵľǱְһԷû˸ˡ
ڹһæȻʱûмʧȥλű˼ҵӹԼȴһҲ̲š
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˵˽͵͵ڻʵ˻ּҲСʹһ游ļʹ棬壬òһ˾͹ȥˡ
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һ껨ڣСһʱԼСˮײײ׵ıӣ״һ
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ҲǺܷġ
ǵϾǰˣȲ˵󽫾ھĺ֣͵ȫھǺ;еӰ˵ִʱˣҲǰһˡ
֮ǰĹѧãҪʮȫǵ˵ӣѧҲǰˡ⼸˶ǾĴ壬Ǿ㲻ĺãѧҲᣬִŲɵģ̳ѧ֪
Уаָ˼Ҳ١
˲٣ûԼʩҲʹûͼ
ңɴֻԼССһ鵰⣬Ӳķݶ֮Ҫְ֮ʱзڻʵǰֲݣǲҵǵദˡ
ʵĺ֣ҲƣϾܵˣĵطִҴ󽫾Ͳǵ׮ˡ
һֱȨıдԼ޽һֱŴ󽫾Ƿڻʵ˵ټӲĹ⣬ʵҪǷ޲ڵʱһǷܿҲ֣ᷢǻǡ
ЩִֻĲ룬ҪĵĵطǱȽϱأҹֹۣô󽫾汼ʱÿҲ˶үڼҵĹү͸
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287

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ִ˳ߣ˳˵飬˵ţ̫Ĩᣬ޵
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288

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лҪ˵Ϻá

289

󽫾ˡ
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ʱ춼ˣСǿ˿棬ոµĴпӽ壡
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ָҲǶæ粻ڣָڵĶֵŵһɹ׼ӭүǹ鸮£ڱָڸϣֻܴ£Сһǲˣʱһ֪ϢҲвסµҲǹţϹܼһ棬ŪǸǽŲѡ
ҲŸоԣ̺ǵǶ˺͵ѣͻȻҪˣ
ַѾ֪ϢˣЦͷͿҪˣѴá
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ﰤ˵ˣʲôÿ
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**
ҹݳǵķƣһ˺ܿݳǣ˵ƻͨĳ
ݳǽлвˣָ֪Ĺͣ׷׸ָ·
ǰ·ĻʱѾͷҲŹǸ··İǱȭ
ָݵɾãˮ֮¸ָ֮ݰ˼ңָֻ񣬳׸棬ƽն֮ˣͷָּļ˷Ҫ˵仰ſϷߡ
ǰһָ֪ˣҲ·ûãǿư磬žĵҾɵҲָ֪ı󽫾үָĴӻˡ
¿ɺãֻ·İ·ųţ˹ۿһ˵·ˡ
ҹߵСʲĸŮŴŵҾµĸߴ͵ľүһµĲĶʿˮҪȥүжãСһʱ֮俴˶׳ӣҲ˫պҷɣ˼ҶûǣǾѾߵò̧ͷˣֻ͵͵۾ˡ
˿첽ˣȻʧ׷ǰȥ࿴ۡ
⶯ûһᣬ֪ݸǱѾñ֪󽫾Ѿˡ
ε֪ǻµˣʦ͸͹ţڱ󽫾д˻ʱ㣬죬ͷ龩ˣıλȨǮĺòµʱҲ·󽫾дڻǿоȨģ籸ˣȴûӭϣҲǼˣ˾ͳ嵽ָǱȥˡ
ϱոĵһ˸սָָǰһȺˣԼҵ˵ģٸģָõĲýõ˶ˣָԤڵ͵͵ӽһĳûгУֱǸһòײŽ˸һȥԥԼҴ󽫾ȥ򳡣Ŵ󽫾۶˲ҶʱϴССŮܡ
簴಻סǰŵˣʱſӣһ仰û˵ϣͱӺѾߴӵߣﶼˣСֹҲϲЩǼһϲǼҡ
˵ſܵü죬ں涼ˣӣңȵңȵң
ִһܵԺͣ²󿴣ʱһŲСܹˣ󺹣ӣ۶ˣôң
СʱѾǰһˣСף̧С͸˵ĸżСء
лҪ˵硣

293

һͷҪȥС̫˾͵ײײߵ˷סСҲǸϽ˵أĸ֣۵ظûعĸСֵģûѹĸְգ
ִҪ˵⻰ҲǶСͷˣ
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ֱСǣ֣ϲԲǺ⣬Ǹ˵òˡ
ִﻹûĸ׵ԺӣַűˣղҲҪȥǰӭŮ͹үģܼҵĳ̫ˣְ˻
ﲻҪȥţСΧҲȥˡ
ߵűߣ˷ܵظŮ˵ӣ㿴Ǳ߶ĻҰԵģ⼸컹кöĶնˣ쿴ÿʹҰԵģ
ַŮЦŵѽôܸˣ
Żϲò֪Ǻãǵġ
ִʱѾĸˣŹ첽ùţСѾΧŵʦﱧСĸ׵ķתĸףվŵһźӵСӡ
ݰաַʱ֣ͷ
ϱִʱСһ
СӶʱЦ绨㡣
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˵Ĳٰգ
ǣҪʮȥˡ֪ص
ָ֮ңûо֮ܿҲҪдһ˻صģִҪ˵ʱȴĸмСҪĸ;ĸŵѽ
ִЦƳһۣ֪ߴ󽫾˵Сϴãͻǰȥλ˼ġ
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￴峺Ĵ۾ЦĶͻȻŵİٻ԰һ޲ůŮҲɵ۲ѡ
ģ뷲ССӡ
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һޣҲĨСæᣬĸޣŶСء
һɴؿˡ
ִҲɵۣúõһףôˣ
ҲΣ۾ҲǷ⡣
ˣԸĸǶܺãĶŮǶˣҲԼĺ
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ﶼЩСģһãһɣһеľĸִһ⿴ɬЦﶼﶼˡ
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صúܣСһݱϴʦʱһ콣Сϡ䱦Ρ
ңСζǾɣϸϸССģҲΪС;ܴġ
ˡСѾһִͳϱЦ
ССĶСˣԼﶼԵһ飬Сͷ۾Ÿգգ
ͷҲǰںˣԵһ룬Сͱ潫ˣСһߣϿţʴӣ˧ˣͻصİգ
ִЦŵͷûһᣬǰˣȥˡ
֪ݷҲǳҹˣڸִһλϵĵŮִﲻģȥˡ
СˣҲˣָֹˣҲϲЩˡ
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ִһǰȥҲûӹָ󽫾˱ǰˣһʱ͹ȥˣҲ½Ƕȥ߲ꡣ
󽫾ȥĸǡ
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һݾ͸ַЦŵˣȥүˣõúܣһѡ
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˰ɣ
ˣһ˲⡣
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ﻹǮֽ
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ˣһء
Ļ£޷Ҳػ˽죬붼ƽ뻶ϲ
лҪ˵ǰˡ

һ䣬ǲǻǶ뿴ճУأеĻ鷳Ҹԣһݴҵۺдġ
͸λӹʦ̫ʦүˡ

294

һ۳Ͷ̫ˣûһᣬַ˾ŮŮǻȥϢˡ
һ磬ִŴ󽫾ļ˯󽫾ڴֽǮһһشſ׷ףԱТġ
ڹǱСͿ˴˾Ҳ¸󽫾һ
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ǻﶼͷһƻƵĵƻڷҡҷѡ
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ңָøãûû䣬ֵһõĻر
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Ц֪ġ
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ִͷָͺΰϣ۹һ˲ͬﱻϾԼɺÿˣָ˵үңҲҺÿġ
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⺩
ִĸһ⣬鶼ȥǱߣʦҲڵ
ַ˵ԺţִʦȥСĸǣվ͸ˣʦߣĸܿʦҲĲѡ
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ܿСһ͸ˡ
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һ˺ƺƵȥּҵķɽⱾָһ˶ֱƵļ죬е;ţһĲ˶Ϲˡ
ִҲǷˣǻȫһˣԸǿ£̫ˡ
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ϵ˸֪ĵһǾѪһ壬ս̫ˣǾ꣬Ҳŵÿܶᣬ˵ϵҪ˵ǣϺǾԲӱͬһͬˣͬеΡǵ˵ٵĺãһֶϣǵҾ󲿷ŮŮеѪԣһݱԲģ⻷Ҳұ£ǵĴ󻷾أ
ϲᣬֻʱ򿿽㣬㣬㾭ʱ˲к㡣
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ִź洫Ϣ󣬾˽˻
ǻȥ˵Ǵ󽫾쵥ˣˣҪǶǵģҲһ
ǣ㡣
ִ￴ųӦĻ΢ֵ̣ǰָֻһңУֻ
ûҪ׽ɵģɵģԻߡ
㣬֪ʧЦҪǰִ˵㣬ǰҺöˣ˵ɺˣˡ
ִ￴΢ЦŵҪǷ㿴Ҳƨɣ
һӣȥȰȥˡ
ˣƯźãȻǵˣٱƨɣҪûˡ
лҪ˵ãǽĵһ
һе٣Ǹġ
ҵҶˣһݴ뿴дģллССʦ̫ʦүǡ

295

ִָֽܻܵӵеһУ˵ǵĸΪͼ֮
֮Է򸾣ֱҲ˵ǵĶˡǷ뿪壬ǵĴӢţӢţһʹʱһ˾ʱǷ˵һУҲʵ޷Ӹ޷ȣֱƱɽʱͰһµȽˣóǷȥסһססˣûأȥɡ
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һ˻ȥ˸ٵţһţ͸׽ڡˣѸеĹǶˣִһһƣŮҵľƣЩִµĹҲǸпѡ
ǣʵûһŮҵ׸ү͹ǲһģŮҺܺƣǸǵˣе˼еĺǵĵˣ߹һˣǼһˣ࣬ǼеĶŮӶǵĺá
ҲкüˣϼǵҪ
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Щʱ⣬ڵʱңʵѹˡִʱЦֽס֣ʱ㣬Ҳһİɣ
طһ̽ˣΪԽԭͷһġ
һѹ
һļѡ
һֱ֪Ĳס
ܱǸֱһ̣ųףԳ֮׵ܣָһĲס
лҪ˵Ѹ
һ㣬дʱ䳤һ㣬ЩҼ¡


296

ǻظĵ죬ָ˲ˣִﶼûг棬Ҳûô󽫾ȥͣڸǰúϢҲĸǡ
һ굽ͷҲʱЪЪˣֺò׵ô٣ǰʱֱæޱȣִҲ᲻Ҵ󽫾ȥӦЩһҲͼôһεˡ
ˣˡ
ܰɹӣ˳Ӹóֲĳʳڹǿ˳ζѣߺߴߴģֱҩרŸһ˳ԵĿڼͷ˲ҩĵģ⡣
û죬ܿҪˣָææתѶӸĸչˡ
ּҵСӻ죬СһݣܰЦһ˾СЦϲ
СϲΪһ߹ȥСֹܾһС֣ͿЦѣСַŶš
СϲС㣬ҪǱ뻳ˣǸ˭Ҳ뱧һҪޣҪСȰοΪЦ
СС;ͻˣСִָδֳּһʲôԾǲԸԿ˲ˡ
ָݼ󽫾ִʵǶ࣬һӣæһ࣬ǲţط״ɴµ潫ȥǣ򷢲߾Ϳţ˼죬ҲһЩ
ط⼸춼ǸСߣϸȥĸ밲ĸ˵˵˵СԶԱˣȥԺȵŹ˯һܸȥܰɵҽǿȥûԺЩطһߡ
ݱ֮ǰǷ࣬ͬǣ˵̻ǳ㣬ŵӵĻǲӷǳ죬;ʮĲֹɣӶС
ݽͷβкܶԺÿһԺﶼмʮӣ·ͷʶ
ѧݰ÷ǳɹݳֻҪкӵģǼҾƶģѺͽѧá
ݳﻹרŮͯŮѧãĶŮ
ִ֮ǰʶһСӣڷЩɥ뱻ҾȻݺ󣬾ѡŮѧΪ
ִȥʱСӱִ֮ǰʶǸСӳ˲٣Ҳ˲٣˻ڹ֮ЩԹƽ֮
ŮѧָԼģѧŮͯͯҪһЩõһִ֧ģѧõĿ֧һݵǮһݣһݳڻʵ˲Ǯʦ
ִλСӣΪλСӰԼһݼױ˳˽ÿһѧѧϰõŮӣõĽ
ִֻѧһȦ֪СжѧǾ
ָӽ㣬СҲǸ˲ѣãܿҽ飡ѧþҪѧˣҪ¶ʮſѧء
ҾǰëѾͷڳʲô
СЦ㿴ˣʲô
㿴˶ۺ졣ִ֪ڷҲ㱻źģ˰˲˵أĺҲûˣڣСſʣֻҪȥÿһ춼ЦݺͰġ
Сӱ̲ס֡
ִֻʱޣҴ󽫾ͷ˾Ҫˣ֪ϾҪߣСЩᡣ
֮ǰָĴӽЩ̵ģеЦˣʵ̫װˡ
ֻǵڶ࣬Цܶ˿ںҲʼðЦҲŷ֣üüͰԹЩֻøѩϼ˪ʹϼʹѡ
ָӽ֮ǰСǽһ仰һƯСӣЦһЦÿѽ˾ԼҲġ
ˣûо֪ҲںԼȷʵ˲١
ӽ㣬ڿ͵ſʱС̲ס˵һ䣺˵ھﵱ
ִ΢ЦĳСãͷ
ҾҲ뵱СӺ˵ʱʵѾˣȲš
ִЦؿǰڱĶСӡ
ҾǾȥ˵飬ǿ϶ҲҲС˵⣬۾΢죬һ£סӽһЦ˻ܵܣѧ֮󣬲ŷһıˣӽ㣬ҵѧڶҺء
û˵ö࣬˵
ڵõغ;ϵ˴˲Ѿپ޿ˣúõػţ̸ѧ˼顣
Ǿ˵ϲӽˣִ׽س˼ۡ
㣡СӶš
˲Ҷ˵ˣҾ㣬ִû׽Ū˵㶼ܿж˰ˣǰ϶ϲģӣ̫ҵˣ˾ϲڶûԤϵԺĳɾͣѾʼţģԶԶֹڴˡ
СһŵᶼһСƢˣߣŵ˵Ļߣ
ִӱţεؿⲻ䣬ķǵСӣſ֡
ᡣСֶţ͵ǰһ壬סִ޵ӽ㡣
ӽ֪жˡ
ӽ㣬ϸˣˡ
⿴ſڵˣǰԼӵĵ󽫾һӾؿǲ֪ӵˣƶʱ׵ֻγ˫նˡ
ִһͷͿҴ󽫾ײеۣϽСӵ֣ϸҲ㱧ģˣء
˵գһϽӵ˴󽫾ߣ֣ˣط磬ҵˣǸϽؼҰɣǼССء
ŮŶĴ󽫾ŴǸŵͷǰջ񣬶˵һͶţ˫ϥǰ˵ˡ
ˡ
ִ￴ĴͰҲεˣСӱĴ׶Ҫԣ»ԵĴûУ
**
Ͱֱ쵽ﻹִǸûãŽͱ¨ӽվҪִڿҪǰһҧԺҲ˶ֻġˡ
䷢ĵģְľü˳ƽˣü£Ķͷ׵°ͣŰЦˡ
ǲ㣬󽫾ЦˣЩѾǸˣʲôҪ
ִһЦѡ󽫾ʵҲǺܲϲ㣬ŮΪ㶼ھˣٹڻһ㣬û룬ǵεúء
лҪ˵дһ㣬Ϊ˹صﱻˣһ춼еֱ
һᾡָ


297

ܿ죬͵ˡ
һָ˰ָż̤ˣִҲͣ絽һˮˣˡ
ϴ󽫾һҲ߲ˣļޱرַۣ˿Ů
Ҳȥ˸֣һᣬͺµػˣһ͸˰ͷҡø˹Ƶģ˵Ҳȥˡ
ЩӸһݣʮȥˣһһľûͣʱһᣬ䶼Ҫˡ
˹徲ӣҲܲݵӣ֮󻹸ַ˵˺ü仹ڷߺù֮Ļ
ǸʦʦĸڱԺѺѧСССӣϻʱСЦݣͨͨʱǸĸѾڴϱŽˡ
һ˲ˣҲ٣ϰΪΪǡ
ΪŻִҲǴҴ󽫾վһ̨٩µܵܵģڶɤƵö˵涼Ц̱ˣͷڰ
ؿһۡ
˯ʱﶼ˵ãλɫ
ݳΪɨĹĹأִŷŮոɨĹĶʹ˵㣬ҲҪһĹɽҲǲţǽеϳΪ岮˻ףǹȥݼǡ
վû֮ǰ˵ˣȥЩˣĩˣô󽫾ĵҾУԼһ˼͸ףûЩ˽
ּҵ˶ͬһɽһϵǼݵ˸ΧңȫҲֻһʱ䡣
ΧǵЩΪûоТֻԼҵǼλˣûЩ˷
ƣۣ˾ηģЩҲֻұֹҲ浱ָ
״ҲЦЦ͹ˡ
ףʣӲǰϸ㣬ϸҲĥˡ
һȥһ˶ˡ
ССȴǻģСڸ̽գһܻüѣִﶼûǣǿӻ־ԸȥˡǶ˿ǵˣ˶ס£ˤˤʹС£ͲùˣԸϵҩͺá
ӣֻҪǲӰ𺦱˵飬СԼˣҲӲǣ˵ǵĲ֮ССˣҲˣŮССһСˣǴʵеյľ顣
һ浽Ҳۣ˷ܵúܣϻȥִҲͷһ֪ԼĺʻĴ̼¾ǺεȵʢⶢǣͶ˵ָ˲ܶסǡ
Сڣû֣Ҳǿס
ģҹһŹ죬СһκĽСԸһʦָ㣬Сûͦġ
ִԿţʱʱҪȥһŮСһֱġ
ʱĸ׿䵽߼ˣ̲סͷĸһСڣлл
ִʱҪü²Ż֣СһףֶʱΪǿħСӺüڲͣ
СԿҡͷѣȰĪҪõ׻ˡ
ִбۿֻСӣСӺҶϡء
Сһϼʵıݵúԣһ
˵ͳ嵽ĸ׻̧СЦСӺҲأҲһ£
ִЦ˺üڣ׶ӣɵúãõŵ£
ʵĸԱߵĴ󽫾ãȫЦƫͷҿƤһĸ
СҲǵ⣺ǣҿǵСԴúܣ
󽫾ŶеСˡ
ᣬ˵˵ѾЦˣʹַҲ̶̲סЦ
ڹǺûЦûá
ִȴΪܣģɲǣǣС㣡
СֵùЦ۾һ⡣
ĵƹ⵱УҫǸˡ
ĿǴģ˹ֻžִ̿һڣֿС˧ء
ллףҲءСֿҲ
ǰɣִϲúܣСӢۣͬ
ĸҪػֱ󽫾ЦˣǲҪ˻ڵĺôЦֹȥ
ҲͷЦβҲͷһ֪һ˻ദĿһֱġ
ЦţᶼЦ˵ĸǣʱڿﻳ˯ŵĵСҲ˹ſЦšϵЦҲһֱûͣҲһƬ˵泩
һ걼æͷܵô˾һоͶֵˡ
**
û죬һҲҪæŻȥˣڳʮҪ̣µ׾Ҫϻؾǡ
ǻвڵǡ
СֿʼΪһ˵ĻؾæִŻƨæݣȴЦֹʱִҲǿˣϱԺò˵ᣬֲҵصһӣµ·ҲǸڴºͼ¶зִˡ
˵ָҪľĵĸ뻳һָڵҡ
ָŸոմִ̼ҴתָܲܳΪһе̵Ĵ壬ҪһǵŬˡ
ڵִָܵܺǵ㲻Ķˡ
ǼȽҪߵ¶ܸȾĹַǱߣִ벻ᣬĸҲ
ִˣûˣӣҲȥӡ
ǷϹ밲óױϻСεʱܵúܡ
ַʱСŮһЩʮ꼰֮ǰͷЩóһһŮϸ˵ˣָŮǺЩһͷͿʼ
Ȱؿ죬ͷκвŮˮǣһָᷢΡ
ִﲻ̧ͷ
ܻǸʱҪġǻܼöΡ
߹үţŮ޺ͶӳףٵַˣҲȹȥΪƽˡ
ֻҪټŮٵʮ꣬Ҳٶʮꡣ

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ִﺬͷ
СӶǺúӣǰĸչ˵úܺãΪĺûҪһЩ
Ҫġ
֪ˡ
үַʱڿŮüͷĹү
طޣ۾²̧ͷĸȥ
лǡ
ûе£طĸĿǺġ
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ûе£طΪģǺģûһ˵ҵӡ
ԣΪһУӦΪģֻҪģֻҪܼĿϴţҲԸһϣСĴϸĺǻݡ

298

ʱַ˴ȥʦĸʦĸ͵СĹˡ
ִ˵˻Ựʹʹ󽫾Ҫߡ
ǼҪ뿪ݣ㻹ȥһߣҲȥ֪ݸݼһ֪ݷ˼ﶼǼˣⶼˣ˼Ҹӣݱ˼Ҹ߲٣ִҲŻлһ¡
һ˵ҪߣԸҪǵſڡ
ſʱִ˵Ҫͷ˺ʦȥ԰²˵ˣתӵ֪ǾҪؾˡ
ִ￴
Ҳˣҵ´λ˵Ż˿ԲԲĶӣ˵һٳ⣬ʱҩġ
ִ˼˼óþõģǡ
ôѽַϣЦŸ˵
ԴСʱүܼңǵʳסжǴӰŰţûСľĻ
ˡִ
ЦŰһۣӣ
ҲҪʲôӴӶϲִЦŸϲˣƵص̫ˣ˰ҩˣǲϲġ
εЦЩص֣ûˡ
ˡ
˵ֵﶢÿˡ
Ǹúӡ
ͷϲõصϲҲϲ˸ңǿɺˡ
ִͷҿˣչҲ࣬ҲҪǵ
֪ģġͷѣҲ˵ҶˣҲҵġ
ִҡҡͷ֮䣬ûһ˵ǿĵģҲҪĵĲźá
ء
˵䣬ⶼźԶˣִǲţͣ½ŲԶˣȥˡ
Ŷ
Ҹһ˯˵һҹĻ
ģ
Ȼġ
̫ˣ
ذɡִЦ˳
˻æת
Ӻú˵һλˣ˵ʲôӵĶҪҲȥ룬ΪӾɵ׾
ֻϲػȥˣææҪܻȥﱨϲϲתˣִ￴ıӰЦѡ
Ϣ˴Ц̧ͷһֱָү
ط̧
̫˶һӹȻˡ
û˻á
**
󽫾ȵȥ֪ݸ֪Ǳ׼ùˡ
֪ݸõģ֪ǻʵ۾ϸѡˣǸҲǸ߻Թɫ˵ģִڹѧũ֮£ҲǸƵģж
û汾죬˶Ǽ仰˵飬ִһ֪ݱ²٣ЩĻʣʵ֪Ҳ𣬸̸ݱĺܶ༬ֵ
ִңҲ˵˲ھеһЩ顣
ȵյǣ֪ݻδˣҲǸ˸пһλ֮š
֪ݷƳһۣЦҪΪ
֪ݷ˳ǰɷŵԣ׵˻ΣһԾΪڸ󳼣ɷҲĨÿ¾ߵ·ʵ۵ˡ
ǸµģҲ֪֮֮ݷҲྴ
ȥڹѧõĴбˢ뾡һа취ҪҪһȥ
Ǹģд˽ˣҲֻӹû˵Ļ
¶˸иӡͺˡ
Ǹ꣬Ϊųߵģ֪Ļһû˼ʵ˵˼ǣ
˵󽫾ˣֻд˵գ˵鿴ԲʵǸԭ򲻹֮ˣҪ˵ԭȴЩĴ˲һܻʱƣ´ݺѪ̣ùʱҲȥˣ϶û취֪ݷ˿ˣλŮˣڸģڸλֻزᣬǵͼǰǵ㣬㶮𣿡
֪Ŷеɵۣ͵ԼͷӴң˻е˼
Ȼ֪ݷ˻ǲصҵʮŮҲͽŴɽƵĻ˼
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һȥ⼸ʦܵļȻ뿪ЩᣬҲǰ뾩ǡЩ˼ҶһϵСĶգһ˵ǴʦƼ鼮ɣͺ޲òǰȥˡ
ִظ;뼰ЩҲǳ˿󽫾˾ǵһЩΪ漰̫ˣǵһҪǵˣѲǣЩйصǷϵĵ̫ˡ
ЩӲʼе£ط֪Լĸǵʱɵعһ꣬ԾеڵźˣҲû֪
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һҧгݵģ󽫾۾΢΢һôʵ
ҪĴʵ
ǵĻԿһ´ʵ
ִһ񷢹ˣ붼֪ʲôˣЦˣ
󽫾һĹʱϨˣƤԼмǹŵζѾԵǴе㲻̫˵
ִһûɸһȭͷʹ£㻹ܲˣ
Ҳš󽫾ϵ£Ģ́ͷִҲû㣬ԥһ֮˵㴷ۣҪҪ棿
ִ￴ͻһ飬ˣҲǶʱͱ仰õͨ졣

299

̻ͽܣʦ
ִһֶģ˫糺죬ޱȣӭСѾѾǶ࿴ۡ
ִˣȥϴһȥĸ
󽫾ǲӶˣƨɲţִһ·öΣҲûһ㡣
ִѣҲϵҪߵʱСѾǻһִ֣ݺݵذһۣ
۾޵ţһ¡
ӼҪˣֶҪˡ
󽫾ͳЦָӵؿֱϵ糺ֻ첻ʡ
ᣡǿ򶨣ְһۡ
ᣬǻ»һֵЦѾ͵ЦѣСѾҲǺЦ
ǴҲһ㣬ùүӲ˵
ִȥĸǱߣϵ޺ûʣûиŴӵ֣Ǹпصӣÿ
ִЦã˵Ķͷ컬ࡣ
ģʷˡţˣתͷ˵˵ǲǣ
ַЦŵͷŮҲ΢Цֹ
Ů˵Ӻòùдϡ
Ů⻬ϿҸ
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һ˳ʮϴ죬Ѿһ󲿷ϴˣָĴҲҪϾ֮ǰ̴Ķһ˵󽫾ͷϾӣָļŸһϾ
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ʵʹ󽫾ԣӵܳˣĹ**λ뷨ǺأҴǡ̡ŮȢӰ£˸ƽʱĳ½죬뷨Ҳͱ˹
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ԶָҲָйص£ҪָһЩġ
ָһޣΪ˲顣
ͷżҵĴƹҲˣִӴɷҲûֻ֣ǰһָ񣬲᲻صģҲûִصʲô
֮䱣൱Զľ룬й£һҲȥ˵ȥ룬ȥˡ
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ʱ޲ʲôҲû롣
ôһˣ㲻ʺֻܰ£ԶԶؿš
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ִͷѾӴ󽫾֪̫Ѿˣ׵ܵһĽڻԷ⣬峤ˣΪ峤֮λھļλǿͷѪ
ִޱҰ뿪Ƿ֮ˡ
ڶ࣬ԼŰ˰һЩ˺ۣðһ㣬ʱʱЦһʱڱıԵʱҪھǳ˻峤ѪһҪΪʵɱ˵Ļġ
ִһΪôˡ
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󽫾˵ϻ˲ǷŻƵص˻ȥ
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Ƿ뿪ôʱ䣬ʹ͸Ƶģ춼òһˡ
ִҲ֪ΪǷ򸾵һһǺ£ҲȻǷץȥĺá
ǲڣоŻƫţǵµݾޣҲӦо̫á
ңִǳڻʵǶԳӯֲԳӯֲзһʵ۾òˣҲûôˡ
ʵǸˣִǸһ滯ˣ飬и飬̫ˣң鶼ůԼģһùˣҪǸ˶ĵľˣ⣬ıԡ
ֲпıԣҲܴŴߵزĸ̫ˣҲ̫ʺϵˣִﲻھﶢŻʵۿʹʲô۶Ƿġ
󽫾ĶŮϳʱΣǿɽסʵ۵ƺ⡣
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˳ûмĻϸԸǿˣ֪׵飬׵ġ
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304

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þһ㣬߾͵ôһů
ִﲻ֪ôģԺлᣬʱˣ׼죬жһµǸʲôŮӡ
Σִﶼûһ򵥵Ըữʵ۵Ůӡ
ķ껪˶ǣʵͣĴڣǾ;ԲǼ򵥵ĸ˵׵顣
ͬΪŮӣִĴ󽫾ײǴһʼʱˣСˣҲͬʱԼû˺ٻڴ󽫾ϣһ·ķʽһֱڲûзɹŬͶԼҪ
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󽫾ܸɴҡͷ
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ι꣬˵ǸǰУλҲõģ뻤ŵˣֻܰѸ׽𣬽ϡ
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޷еһжЩϣΪ˵ĳɾ͵һҴ󽫾ĸû;ûĽա
ҪģһȵļңģҲǸһЪϢĻⲻΪмΪˣܷϣ֤˭˵ŮС־öĵܼ̳²Ů⳯͢һϯ֮λ
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ִʱŴ󽫾æѧǱΪҪϵԭ̫æˣʦȥССڹǴ
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ִдλ뺷Ĵ󽫾ʵڳܣûûĴţѾʵںҪǵˡ
ڻʵ۲ҪɱˣĿ˵ҪǵĹˡ
ֻ⻰˵˶ΣǰпֵĴ󳼰صŻҪλмһλϹײ꣬ҲͲָˡ
ӯŵǰк˹ʱǰվ˺ܶ˲ȥڸĻƸϺǺЦ˹־ͳ֣Żӣ

Ƹڱʵָ˳ӯۿҪ̫̫ʦ·ˣڸϵҲǶԻ϶λƫġ
ǶԻҲĹûϸʲôôǺô̶ˣǡ
ͷţȱȥƸϼʵƮȻţظ˸롣
ӣյüΪġ
䣬աһ죬Ǵƿ˵ϵ
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ӯţ΢΢һЦ
ʱϵҲŹǰһƸЦŵˣСҪҪȥ棬ͽȥ
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ŻӣﻹλŮġ
лҪ˵˼лĻôˣ²£ҵ˼췢ĩβǶΣĺ벿ҪĶ
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ڻʵ۵ķ⣬ôӣ룬Ӧû뿴˰ɣ

306

ͷִҴ󽫾ʵҪǮҪأҪѹĴ󲿽ڻرϵķ̷ϡ
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ǳ췭ظʵ۶ִüˡ
ҲǹվһߣһţסĵһЦûϲ̵Ц
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һôӿչˣ˺޲ֵڻǰתȦȦˣʹӦִ˷ա
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ķչЩңԶԺĺôеĺܶǿģⲻûԶΪõԺǳ顣
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ȷʵΪͲűģͷ꣬оƲһֱǵϺˣ˭Ҳ²ؼ߸߹𡣶飬ֻҪϲҲȥðǸ⡣
λõףֻúõرסԱӶԺ
˳ˣ˿أҲ֪ԼܷӲɹãľ͸ľ괺Ƶֻˣ˳徢ˡ
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ΧǴŸ˲ôԵģŻʥּĵʷ鲻ǵˣҲǵλġ

307

طȥͱҴӣһֱڵĴƴʶϰ˵ӣһؼôˣճСأ
طɿ˵㣬ûɿִ˫˫űס㣬󽫾ճᣡ
֪ܣطҲЦ
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