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ʡŷʡţͰة˵ٸʡö˹ȥ

psȺģǳ࣬
һ仰飺ֻû

ʮķŷ
Ըֻ
ϵСԽxвةࣨ

ݱǩ ж Խʱ   
ؼ֣ǣģ  ǣܶࡣ  
==================

 1 

ߣ1.Ůͨƪ1v1ܿգ
2.ǰʾӷǴˣŮС45ݸǰԤ
3.ʫʡģΪá
4.ʾİŮѱѽ⣬ٶλش
5.ղأۣʿܻ
6.߻ո߸ո
7.ҳwapappרȥղߡۿġ
8.ӪҺһ£202045²ҪߵлQAQ
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˵˵ֻﴫǧǰʢ˼Ϊ޵һλȨ
ʷһλة౻ϣǻĻ̫ӣɶòϽǺεȵȨƣεȵĶ裡
˵˵ԽǿܣȴԽԵ˵ž
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ŨȴֲѬ˵Ļ㡣
еĳ趼൱ɡ
ǡŶĽǵ棬κμӲǵĵطĺ൱۵ɫ
ӡЬܡÿһƺɫԣΪŵĻǽ档ǽ϶ɫֲ꣬һ棬ûһ˿שǽĺۼ
ӻл԰ȫȻֻһ˾סͨҡ
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˵ϲÿŵЩǷǷǣʱӵҰʷҹ۵㣬ʵȤ
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˵˳̾ةòȷʵ绨òֻǰ黢ɱ̾Դة֮λʹգһ˿֮
ûס̾һ
Ҫ˲ŷŵڣȫµ˶޲ýȥ
֪ѹ̫̫˾ˣͷԼƤЩЩüͷѰ˼ҪҪ˯־ﲻ̫ԡ
ة࣬ة֮Զûô򵥣һʷ⡣ò˵һǻȨõĽ
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Ļûʶɤ˵ʲôֻ˯˹ȥ

 2 

һΣ̫ʵÿһӶġ
ټĻ鸮ڣΪų·СŮŴŴϲԺܣ˵һЩ̫׵Ļ׺׶Ϊ޲ýһкöѵǰ
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ж
׾ʹˡϹ˫ۣҲӰǣ˫Ŀʧʧȥ׵Ĵջجج
ҽߣñ涾öԶݲ̫ϲȴרⶾܺҽҲòÿȡѪ顣
س֮գؼ֮ա
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ڸϹ˺Ҳ㿴źĻ·ûԼ࣬ҲûС㻰١
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ϴ˸ɾ˵Щлһ쵽һ˯һЩͷַô顣
ججЩ꣬Ҫڱ˵Щ£ǻָҲܶࡣ
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һʱ˵첻죬˵
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Ӧһվǰ㲻ͣôû˵ʲôĵĻ
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ٰŪԼĶԼ˸ԣҵȡϵĲۡҪѪ۾ܼ֮Ҫڣÿһ롣ҪûգѰѨĴһ롣
ĵͷ
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֣ͷˡ
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ܿˡ

 3 

ûޡ
ĳȵ޲óȥȦİûҪ뷨
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ҸСô꣡ΨһĴûȳһǶٷĿģȴı
ﺬſǻ﷭ȥǾ䡰˾ͺã˾ͺá
Աߵǰûôڼ侲ԼĶ
ҪǸͬһƿӷŻȥó飬»Ϊûп
ԱߵǶһ߲һߵϲһֻϲ˼ҵĸо
ŬԼ˫ۣעӡһС
ܿܿ¡
ڵ۾ܿһģɫ飬ʵ˾ͷۡ
ӣͽΪ˻ָŬ
ܿˣ
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۾ܿÿ챻ʱԭһʱʱơǰĻҲԭģɫ飬𽥱˺
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ڱź˹Ĳˮٸı衣
ҲܾԼıˣôС㻹û⵽ʲôʱܱ

 4 

ʮ¹㣬ת
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ԪԪ
ͷˣȻգһĨЦɱôˣֱӽҷͺą́£
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ϵ΢еԶ
顣һƶ࣬һȴǵƷԱҲǳ͢Աһ;ùϵʵǳ˵⻧ĸˡ
濵С˵⺢ƺôã
ͷšЩһֱڵ
濵ѹøͣҪǻͷûӣ˿²ҵġԸΪŮô궼ûңҲûҪһӡ
һ£Կһ˵ӡ
˶Ů֮ã˵ģͷ˵˿ͷһֱ˵ԼԼҹŮʵϺ˼ҵĹӸҲ̫׸Ȣҹ
ҹ岻ãԺһҪ˺ӡҪ˺ӻȢ檻취ġ
˵ôһ㣬ȢҹͬڶӾˡ
费ۣԼ⽣֪һҪȢޣȢһˡ
濵㶡û뵽ʮȴǸˡ
ŲԱߣſϣյѹʣǰǹôãֵ˵ôصĻ
̧Ƥ濵ߣ̣µһá
濵ôһЦһ£ӶʱĿࣺۣġۡ
üһ죬òǾѡһЦһŵһۣڻǳţ̵ҪۡĿӣĿӡ
ٶ
濵ҲôԼ޵ģҲôŵġʱǨ˶ƾ٣Ķ࣬ͷԹصǱȻµӣ񿲿ǲ˷ϲˬ˲١
ðһ൱пĻңˡ
ʮһ꣬һ֡
⽶ˣ濵ų˴⽣㱣֪ʲô
˶꣬濵ȻֲҪϵڶϲأ
ע濵һľôСûλڸڶˡûҲãŮҲãŵС
濵ôʲô˵ˡ
˵ô˵ʲô뷨ܻġѲŰˣʵӳ̫䡣
濵һĴָܰʱұȻҪֱƺȵģ
ͷȻ
濵˳һʡˣλʲô˼ʱ͸¶˼
ЦЦʶҡ
濵
ɶ

 5 

濵Ⱳ˲ࡣ
һտʼһ
˰ɣƺͦƵģʵͷúܡţһ˵ݴʣǺܸӡ
濵治֪ôڡﲻʶҡ״̬£šҾµһãȢ̬ġ亱
֮治Уû뵽ֱӼ
һ·ĹŮһһ⽵ķ衣
濵ʣ־ûǲʺá
ͷ賶ƤȣסСԺ󻹲ס
Ͽ濵̶ЦˣȥӶӣ˵Դо֮󣬺ѧϰ˺ܶ࣬˵ֻҪ֣ûʲôġ
濵ҵ˵ͷ
ϼ濵Ĳɣһô⼸첻նĵúܡ
Ѱ˼һ£һӱôģյ˸Σ˼ղסˣǲ濴ĸӣ
濵һ£
ϼ濵ţһקɨ㣬ղŵ鳹׶ˣֳ濵ȥȥȻơҽһ꣬ڿˣƤֿʼ
濵ɫ䣬ӣǣ˵ûУ
ΪҲ֪˽ǮЩ컨ı㿼Ի࣡㵱ǵսǲǣͳ̼ӵϲ죡ϴ𣬡㻹Ҷ㣿أ
濵ɥӰҵŶûкȣȸʲôƣҽͳ˸⽣
޹ޣӻҪӡ
ԺһƬڣǵýŵСܾ

鸮
ϵĶǵᡣ
Ͳ󣬵˰׷ֲ֭ˮʱȾһͷϧϴؾûˡöڣ֪ڳһͷڷԵԼΪɸ£ÿϳǰŪһŪ
ǰЩϹ˽£ͷڻںš
ĵǶȲ衣
һЩʮ꣬㣬һ˾ӵģڳ𽥵Ƶʱ
Ҷð
˶ڣͷЩ̾ϢԼʦ˶ʢǰ鷿ߣܾЩ塣긵СˣڣɵҲֻǸ
ҪиӣҲڡ
˵صķԪͬĶӣҳ˲ӣͷš
˷²裺ǡ졣ʱϼ֣ҸѰһСլסšҼ棬ƷĺãǸвŻĺӡ
Ӧһ
ԥһ£ֿڣ˵Ҳɣʱüľһۡرˡ
鷭ӵһ٣̧ͷˣǰû𡣡
˹֣ǰ죬ʦæʵڲ˼С߶ʦڳ˵Ԫ˶֪λĽԪĲȻòǳڡüһ죬ʤ¾ɫ
ЦһĲһҷھǣҲô˵
û˵
̾˿⼸Ĵǵ£λԪеȤ
˶䡣
һ·˺ͨ괺ѶȺܸߣңܲһԡԼô
˰ⷭȥ룬ֿһ³ľƣе²͸ϻʵ۵뷨
֣ѧ޶ۡ
˵˵Ц˶
˽ַԼϥϣ̬棺괺ǿǺԺ¬Է蹦סıʺӣԲ⡣Сϸòߡ
Сʶ޵ġ
Ŀ뵱ҪأûСĿȾȻԴһñĴһòҲˡ
ͷţҿӣйоܿ۵ĵ㣬߸˸һ
ӻԾة꽥ߣλʺϽελһûãЯ޷ҵѧ
Ʋ죬ϱ΢
˿˰ãȻһ뵽˹ؼ㣺ʵģ
û˵ˣ΢΢ü
˽Ԫͷ紫ˡûлȢˣȻ뵽ˡ˼鿴ԼȻ
Ļûʵۺﶼģﲻ̫ԡ
̾˿ࡣҾƶڼûлԼףҪøΣСŮȷʵ䡣ʻӲ٣ʺСŮȴࡣ
۽ߣλϿģ֪ͷʮ˸ϵԼŮҲģҲľ
ҵλãʺϵģλá鿴˺
⻰ʦޡ
ةλãҲʺϡҾٰϤꡣԺҪСŮ˷鳯˰˰֣ˣôʲô˵Լ˵Լһ
Ҳһ졣ҪϲǾôˡҪĲϲȥؾ˾Сûˣ¶ֻһ˵
ԼǰĲӿ
˻صԼλϣͷ
ʦһֱ˵֮λƷǾԵĸλáֻеλãлٳǰһ̽
Ƭ̣һǣʦ˵ҪҪͷԪɣȥһߡСЩҲЩȤġ
ԼѧĨǵĴ˼ЦһҲɡӷҶһأÿŷŷʲôģʺϡ
˵˸䣺ʺϺӣʺ͡ϲݲݣϲԺݵƷʫҲûͷ㿴˰һ
ЦŴӦá
һ˵ͽһγö
ȫȻ֪ĸģ˿Լë˷ֽš
ǰûùëʣЩǱѹѧ꣬Ч޲ûֽʡֽϵݸտʼͦһ䲻֪Դģдͷͳˡ
ʮ¹ʱڡĴƷϵʺڡζֳ𻨼ʽ
ддŻҪһ¡
ֲƷֵǸʱܶ඼Ǿģڴвͬǰֻ֪Ѿеֲȥã˽Щֲʾ㹻ˡ
ڣҪ˽˱仯ĥ˸һ¡
Ůӹ뷿бġ
Ů֮۾ǾԲѧġ黭Ŀγ񰴲Ͱ౻һˡ
ӿΣӿΡ
Ҹҳ߰ɡҲ֪˼ʲôƷֲֵ
ߵߵ⴫С㣬ղһѧһǹҵС㡣
ģ
군ҪһҹһϿΡ
ҳ߰ɡ


 6 

ϸյ֪ͨһ¿ˮ̵ľûбԼĿģϴ˯£һƬͣ־ͺá
ڱϸĸǺñӣʧЦС㡣Ҫȥܿĵ
Ŀ飺ϱ£ӹ֮
֣С飬һ׽һסôûȽҪ󱳵Щˣ
˵ʲôأ
ϱôѬջģⱲҪŬģͷ۵ʵڶЩгƽˣԷ⽨׼ǲϰߵġ
ԹԱַۣ˯
һۣһۣµһ쵽
ʵ磬ĸϽŲ𽥶
ϴİױ磬ǰȥԼԼһš
żˬ׾Ĵͷմӳ߲ˡƹ⣬м㡣
ʸģ˵С
Ӧǡ
ͷţ⻰һСòԺġ
ļӦ
Ƴ۸飬ûٶ˵ʲô˼Ը䣺СòЩ뷨Ȼ볣˲ͬž͹ִ
ĶλСһȤá
򵥳ٷĸۻԼǶ
Ǻ͸˵ȥ鷿æٳ׼һЩ͵Ķ
ѧϰҪ顣
ϰƽŻԺﵷһԼЩݲݡҪˣ㵷ˣվԺһ¹
Ժȷʵ˹ζŨʱ
Դܿϲ۾ܱߵĶ͸ͯһԴ󲿷ֶ˺øУʲôϸ񣬶˵ʱҲϰߡ
ԺûˣϸϸԼǰ
ʷԶרֲġǰʱٻ˼֣ת䣬˱ũũعʮǰײݴ󺵣ʥ϶̾˰ո
ؼӳ֮£ѧоֲ鼮ࡣ
ƾԼҸĹϵҲҷһЩȻʫдֲУѧúܿġоһд˹𻨡
ֽľϬλѧ߿ޱȣ쳣
ڱţͺĻһúң޼ɵ
ϲ𻨣
ĵɴ˫ۣתͷȻԼͻȻֵİ
۾һԲͲ֣ȴЩԲĹĵģ൱ɰüëȴһӢ͸һ棬ˬһԵġ
·ɫ£սʽӱд壬ſɲˣλС㡣
񣺡С㡣
С˸񣺡Сǡ
Ŀľͺá
ջԼ֣ŸЦЦϲ𻨵˺ܶࡣʮ棬һϲϲĸΪҵϲ
ʧЦ
μ˵ϬЩмܣѹֹҪרһ
һ丵ģϲôҾ̫ˡ
ĻҲ㡣ĳŹЦ̣ůĻ㱣ĺ͹Щ񡣼ʹǹҲζصġҶӹ⻬ףʽĹ𻨲һЩЩŲζֻϲ㣬మ𡣽Ʈ
˵⻨ݣĵĻȻͶһЩԱ߹𻨵ɣ̬Ȼ൱棺Һ˵һҪ࣬˷಻еġҪ֦Ҷг棬Ǿˮˮ
۾һɴ
ɴûЩôݻҪ÷ô
Ļ˵һˣҪ뿴ɫĹ𻨣Խʯ񣬿ĻȻǺɫġ
һ½һ£壺ԭΪȥҪһಡھʫʸ踳С㡣û뵽ġ
ڨЦ
⻰ôŲ̫ǿ佱
͸¶óݣұСܡǶ˵һϲġ
ڸǿǸ߼ѧʡ
Ŵҹбµܿĸֱ仯մֶӰ졣ִϵ棬ǿǾٹעĴ顣
Ҳ壺
⻰ԼӤʵСζһ¸⻰ڿô
ĺܿ϶ͷȻǰ佱ѧʶԨǿ佱˼֪֪֪ģ֪żֱɨһƬ
ϲĺ͸ĵ֪в𡣸˽ĵҲ仰еĵ𡣵û˭ôԼһģ˰
Цʵ⣺˵öԡźɨһƬѧӲˡ
̬ȷǳš
ص鷿ǶʱѾദõʵлƺ͡ġˡ
ȺŵŮۣ֬ͷһɢ䷢ûУǶ顣
ŮڳﱸҪｻһ£ٳһ꣬ȴû뵽һ̧ͷͼһʽ߽šԼ·һӶû¶ڱϣͶԵ
Ůһ̨Ϸ
ŮӣŮأֽΪġһͶԵ˼в١һǲ죬۸ڶļһȻȥ͸ĽύοοԼѧദǢ˼ҳǶýе٩ζ٩һʵ벻
̬ܿȱ֮ǰˣȫҹҲܼºŮӡ
Ůһҿǳζͬһŵ
ڱϸ͵֪ôͲŵˡ۾źûã͵÷·һ̬ǳλ
ˣаЦϻҪ̾һô˵أҵﲻŵˣ˵ҿܸĵĻĸġ
Ů赭д˵һ䣺ҪĸģϾҪ׵ˡ
ĺ͹ͬʱ𾪿Ůʲô
Ůû뵽ǰѧͬʱô𾪡Ƕǲ֪
𾪹Ҫ飬⿴Ųʮ꣬ûг꣺ôС
ڣû˸ңҪ˰Ƹôʲôʱ򣿡
ĸ𾪣ŤͷԸ֪Ҫˣ
ǸӲ֪з˭
ŮüʮɲС¶£һŪöʮࡣô¶û㣿ͷβɶ֪ˡ
ҧгݣļҵĹӣ
Ůǣ￩⣬ת˻⣺
͸һ֣ŭŤͷߣһؼȥʣ
Ůվǣ
תûӰ︵ĺŮ

 7 

ľþˡ
û뵽Լʶ˵һλҹ㣬һͳһϣС⧲»Լ֪з˭
ҪһЩլԺ飬ָǸլ硣
ȥҪзǶ״ӣŮġ͹ӣڸ췭ظǲܵġ
ǿԼԹϵͷòԿĳ鱳Լѵ룬һ䡰ŮӻԼȻǸĸý֮ԡȵ֮Ļ
Ǿ䡰Ҳʮ壬ൽ͡ͷһ
һ˿Ի͡
Ҳ˵ֻҪĸӣסͽδķ
ģ
仰˵³ԹҪǻͷϵģתͷ˾ܳĹϡǺεȵ顣
ͷĲɣҲĲɣ˫ݲ¿ΣԷֱ
磬ľֻصԼԺͷȥˡ
鲻ãҪһ顣
ʺֵ߲˺ֲܶࡣִļֲÿڶῪһػļֲƷֽ٣Ǻ鸮Ҳûӡ
ֻ־ջһԼܴ顣
иĳԷͼĴһеɫľ·һϵúܽɫӣȫһҹ㡣
ϴõͷëë꣬üͷɢձϡգͷϻһ㱡ϻһǳķΡһƴССӣ֪ڵʲô
ûáԸǸܹúûţſһЩҲܻҸһЩٻṇ̀õˣʧˣȫҪᡣ
ֱۼŸͽһ򾡣

ջǰ뷨ҹ㻹Ҫдҹӡ
￪ڣģԷˡ
ıһһŶŶȥϴ֣·
Ľ΢һ²Լܣ˫Լĺһ㣺»˸׷·һӣ־ɵĸʲô
ĵͷԼ·Ҳɣǰġ
ͳ˲ĶͷϵĺⲼɫŲÿʮǰġͷȱ㡣
ĳŹЦ£ǽʡһáﵱҪǮͷҪǮԴҪǮƥҪϡͨռһ꼸ǮܹܺãǼɲС
˵ɣϳǱҪġȻϲϳͷҪԴġԭ֪ھǹӿô󡣵ÿּ֮̿һ֪
ﱻĶЦŵ
ƹܹǮбˣÿ궼ҪԸԤͱԤ㡣ͷҪϸ˵ÿ궼һϷ
͵Цһ
Ÿȥϴ·һȥԷ
ӸĵŵĵطҪӡڸߣܱߵ۶ûĿбӵ͸˵ţС˵ˡ㲻⣬ͷҺܴá
Ӧ
±ȽϸӣͷлҺϸ˵Ļ£ҲڿǡӦûˡ㲻õģҪϲģֱǡҪϲģˡһ𡣡ûа˵ƽˡ
ĵһﲻҪô
Ųͣ£ġ
Ź
ɨۺͷͷû߽ջ߼Ÿģǲ죬̹Ȼ˵ţҪġ궼׼ҪУǱȻСҪûУǾͰˡ²ú˵ģСΨһŮ
һЩ˶٣ȴǽЦһЦﻹһ̾ϢСҶɽүˡһǷС㣬Ƿ㣬ҲǷү
İԺһ
Цţһ㣺ۼŶǺˣȻӸһ㡣׵վٵģһѹء²ǵ֮
վüģЩĽĵŮڸƾ·æܹżоĵҲüþͿԿ
ЯŴߣǸһ
ٰռһ٣ճʱô١еǮıǳ٣ʳ͡ĳʳʢܶ࣬˳ԣȴ൱ʢлء
רɫ޵ĳԡ
ûʳ˵Եһ뿪ڣԺ˵ʲô
Էش𣺡ջܲ
סʲô
룬Լ˶ȽʵƺԺﱻڳʲôջɹͣܲԳԡҪǸϲԵģǻͷһֵײˡ²ˡ
˪Ĳ˺ܺóԣ²ǳɳһЩ
ûסӸļһ⣺ﶬֲ˲ס
³Բӵϰرࡣ￴үͷٸÿ궼ڻʳԷճɲõݻʳ
ԱҲԺá
¶һֲ˾Ͳף߲ܺ˺ܶѿֻ߲֪ܶܳд󻧻רڵСҡ
²ѵԼŮѾڳַˣ
ǲסﶬֲ࿿ů»һԿʩ࣬ۻóԡһķӣԶѿˡ̶һϣóʪݸţתܷѿ˵ЩĿ۸飬ͷн
ͷн
ͷепţн
ôֲڣҪϸ飬ҲЩԭΪԼŮֻ飬͹ȤͷҪĥķֱ˵
¶Цš
ʵϲֻΪĥֻ˳ĥЩģΪµ鶼Щ¼һҪ״̫ڵ쳣
һںͺԷ
Եòˣð˻ƿոշŰ񣬾ѧʿ໹δ硣ʮ幫ϲݣ˸Ʒᣬ˲ˡ
ͷһ
վС飬ľƷܲ򵥡
򵥽£˳ھйкڶࡣûȥͦáҪǺϵǾͶ䣻ϲ»ؾ͸没ӹˣܹпԭ
Ӧ
ǴСǵһؾۻᡣ۾ЩܿܶණȷʵóȥʶˡҪǻͷϡӣǾͷһ㡣
ڱЦѯʣҪˣǹһسȥܹҪտһ㡣
ͷͷţҪȥƷͷҡ˹¡㿴
Ӧ
ĿλٽԼ󼸿ڷ꣺ҳԺˡ
鳯Ÿĵ˵ͷ뿪
ߣû
鿴ʧЦǸӡ
ºͣ϶Ǹӡ


 8 

ա
ˬ
ãֽʲô඼УһЩĲӷһ࣬һĶȳҲСŵòûУֻЩϲͷģ춼ûڡ
Ϊʮ幫ҪضһСƷᡣ
ʮ幫ǵѦŮڹͷܳġⰴǸ˳˵ʵǸΪĹ
²ܣֻϲ
Ȧҹ㶼ͦƣݣҲӡ
Ʒֲ꣬˵ʲôáʫָøͷʫ˵˼ģܵõʮ幫ͣҲǳ˷ͷ
ʮ幫ʮ꣬ͻδȻҲûл䣬ٹ͵͡
͵ƷᣬȻȫǴٹδŮŮĳ̶ֳ˵Ǹ׻ᡣ
߻϶˼֮ǰһ£֪ƷĻ˭˭ҪǼҲģܿ۵ģǾͼá
ҵŮҪ룬Ŀⶼŵͷϡ
ƽ磬һ챻ø硣齫ĵ򿪣޲ýĶ嵽ͷϣС㣬ʮ幫˭ʤķɡ
Ա߻Ůæó·һһףС㣬쵽Ǵȥѽ
Ľ۾⿴·
һϲģ滹ŵͼڴС廨Ŀ϶ûзŹ·ϲƽʱ᲻ôȫѹס
һǵ͵ҫǺ˿ġ·ŵʲô̶أͷİڹ£ǻб仯ġϺų򿪣ֱպϣһ촩סǲ֪ôƳĹӰЧһƥȫС
۾ųܼȻϲĶɫԽԽϲ
ϧŶЩ
飺˵ҪҪ͵һЩһͨƷᡣ
ۣôУһسڴǰͷ϶̸ġҪԼ彡Ϊܳ裬ȫֳ
ڨڨ
ãѾ͵ܵ͵ˡ
µϲɫģ֪ϲãϻĨһĴ֬˺һ̾С㡣
ͷ鴮أϻŨױĨ
ľԼسſ϶ҲϺö󣬹ﻹĿλȨزӦڵ״˵һˣ˵Цͺܺˡ

оͭԼ
֪һס
ŮлŨױʱƽԣеĲϺɫͰŹϲףȥȽӵ·һġҪµصʱ֪ɫ࣬Ǵ÷·ũ
ǴɫģҲٻͿĨôĴɫ
Щޡ
û뵽ƽ崿ѹסɫ͹Լһʡ
ҪԼֵС㣬ʱô
ãϻͿĨ˲ٶȥˮ󻹴ŵ
鿴ԼС㣬е᣺С㣬ͷҪô

䵽ϡкܶ࣬ˮ״״СˣŪ
ˡͷϵһЩͷ˼һҼûǮҪȡʤʾ鳷һͷϵװ
鲻ãС~֪ЩܳĶ㡣
飺Ʋɶ¶Ḹ׹˱µзִ硣
ֻί渵ĳһӡ
·ĻǸӣѡ׵͵ȴݻĺƵȹ
æµôһԳţİ˼
ߵʩȫа񡣰˲ǲƷרڸ³·ʱġûһͿʼԼ̽г̡
ףʲôóһСľ顣
ʶ㣺ľƽʱȵġЩ˸ϲ̺ҡ
ĻȻ
Ȼ̫ΪʲôҪȣܺӡ
ͳһ⣬鸺һһȥհı˸ɾû⣬Űãö
ŲЩ࣬е٣ƺϳǰŵҪЩأӡ
ӦǼⱣš
ܿ͵ǽĿĵء
ͷȥԼͷ֮ͨŮӦǰ
ͷ󣬹ڣ롣ǰߵսǴ³ֱ߱Ʒͤǰͣ
лˡ
ٴж
ա
⻹רŵƷͤĴյǶͷ顣
ѹĸģʱġҪǹˣͤӾ£»ػɵøЩҪǹ⣬Ͳˡ
ģ
ǮȨʽǺܶ
ǰͷһ춯ȥвˡЩ˵ȻҪһСǽš
ͣ¡
ƿ
ֹ븵ĳ
̽Դûüָ飬ͼ鱻֪ðĹ
֣ϴŵ㲻ͣҸһȥ
ĹСͷϴŵǸûľɵܼͷиСżڶβ䣬γ鴮¡ȹӹȻе¶ЬӼֳ̣ЬһֻԽͷÿһŦۿŶ۲ơ
ױģȻԭҪ֣صöࡣ
¶Ӧһ˳ŹС˼ôڣ
һûףôͲˣһûעĽװ磬˸ۣûš
Ĵ顣
ǶҲǿЦáйСţԼСȥ˻᷽ܶࡣŹ񣺡ͷСտҼСˡ
ӦһŸߣˣ
˳ӽš
͸һţſڱ˱㺰С㵽С㵽
ŮŮſڡ
СҡˣûЩΣԼϤǼλ˵ͷǰͷȥһߣŮһߣмλãͷһλŵıʮ幫
ʶʮ幫ߡ
ʮͼС϶ѻ˽ǮӺݻȴƳһۣԹҲˣ񡣡
ۣ̬ȴûһ㺢
֣л¡
ĸѧл¡
ʮ幫ͷûô̫⸵ġ
ʮ幫ԣֱλɿãûʲô
ڴԪ

 9 

ʱƷͤɴշ紵ŵͬŮȻ裬ҳͤڴٹӵϲ䡣ĻζУյøķЩ顣
ŮС͹ϲ衣
λС͹׷ףٴӸĺ͹תƵԪϡ
Сϵ۽͸˵һǵһʮˣ˵Ҿƶò
Ԫͯô
ſڿȥ
ڴܿһӳ֡
һۣϵһıɫϸӡ·£ڴף֪ʲôϴģɸɾϸǰ׾
ﶬնñӣǵﶬ䣬׶Ŷû紵պͱǼ⡣üĴһ죬ŮӶһתЩ⾫´ŮӻƯ
ҾƶûκεƷἸ˶е䴹ҵˡ
ʮˣס
ϯλ˽һԪߡ
ͻأЦתǷ򣺡
ǶȪˮˬ
۾ʱ򣬱ϲýŲ˵ѡ飬ҲѡЩɤһЩ˵ˡ񿴵üˣǵһؼôÿˡ
ȻըãȻͷԼǰĲˮ
ԪԻҲ˽ô
ûУһϲͨƽʱֻűˡ
⻰Ҳ̫̹˰ɣ
û£ڸȤüնѧϰվܱͨϡ
ʲôϡⲻǻһϲͨ
Ա߹СЦһԪͦ˵Цġ
Ӻһڲ裬涢Ų豭ĲҶúÿȤѧϰɼãȷʵ˲á
˶Բѧߺ츳ߣڳʱͻһ塣ԴԹеġǰЩоַȵˣһ˻飬Щֲˡ
ҪٵͲҾ徵ľΨдٹ˿ɳԿɿֲ뵽ѰռУൽʤأ
⳯λ֪ʶ߶ߣȻȺƾٿ
ǵһء
ķ²豭ĿǱߡ
۾ʱܳʵ̫ݣǲΣһˣǱȻûСġַʽΪġġһӺͶԪۡ
ԪƺЦۣźһ
Ÿĵ˵ͷø̲סգۣڶԼͷ
еʮˣûȡ֣ǵһǡСڱеҧгݣеˣʳ켣¥һӼ
Ӽѵѧô
תͷ˭ѽ
СһЦݺҧԼ۽˭λδ򡣡
֡ġȥ
λǹӸ磬΢֣üãԿͷĿɿ¶һЦЦеḡԱղŷԪЦ˵
ף͹档
ĸϽֿԪͼϴϴ۾Ȼʹǰܼô
ܣ⡣
ĵ˵Դ׹ԼڱԼⳡµĲ֪ϲʲôӡ
û͸˵ʲôڱŶת۾ͽЩǲõ۽Ϲ˸ɾԼһˮ
ıҲˮ
˻û룬Ҫޡ
Ů˵һŮš
ǶŮǱ뿪ǰŵģɵ
СǵһسЩɣ
ǣ˵ӹǲã̫˹Ŀ
ۣ΢΢ۣ˼
СȻǹŹƢҲ֪ôͦӡ
ͬһλ
Ŷѹ֡
ںŵλã˻СǶףû뵽Ҫ¬Ҳһˡ
⻰һȺ˺Ц
˸첲ײһ·裬ζζ¬ӸǺԺѧʿ괺ǵҪҪʶʶ
ٵĶӺǵһʶ
̧۳˿ۣ˸סԶԷЦЦҵʹһʶϧˣҹ쿪ʼûʲôաҪҸ׵æ׬Ǯ۸ߣɲܻͷǵˣҶڿڡ
һڿڵĳôЦ
ܽԼ׾˵ô̹ϣʵǸȤˡ
Щӻв֮ˣԷӡ˺ܶࡣûϵηǲηˡ
ͷãͷ͸ĹСҲת˲١
ֹ˸ĵļ̾Ǻȶ˲裬ȶ˾ƣˣΪʲôһҪôɻ飿ΪʲôҪ޸Լϲˣ
ûƿŵĹܲô
Цһ˲٣ɫ΢ѽʮ깤֮ŮλעҪĴۡҰ治ܲޡ
졣ƽ³ϴҹ㣬ȴ˼ͨ͸
ǰϹδǹ飬ҲϺ͹һ͹һΪԵһŵԵġ
뵽ȻһԪֱĸϽ˳ȥ̫ŵԡ
̾Ҫ֮ˣһȥ͸һȥǶһ󡣿ƫƫûСô׾֮ˣ಻Ǹĸźʾͳˡ
ĵͷ
ǰôס
λ¬ӿһ㣬λúôǸǰš˵δеλߵġٸǾ͵ʼմ״ʵˡʼˣָͷˡ
̾ǸԪ裬ѧʶòǾԹ˳ǹصģȢƷԱҵĹŮӡ
ҪͷԴһգֱӽס
תԼԴʹ˵ʲô
һĪ׸ôȻӲˡϸĵ۾ɻش𣺡谡ᵱ裬Ƕ˵úã˽Ԫôˣ
ͷԸӿհףһԲ
ջڸǰ˻Σι
ͷĿѣȻ³һٶȸ˳ȥ
ķˣû°ɣҪи򣿰岻ôʲô֣ʲôƷ᣿߻ǵʮ幫ˡ
ĳŰ֣û¡
Լĺȴǡ衱
裬⡣ţ츳ĲȻ븸ΪӦΪʦȢ֮ŮΪޣʦ뻧ټܵ谮ԵĽٶȣΪΪةࡣ
ͬʱҲǻһة࣬»һơ
ģô֪ԼǸϣ
˵Ͼǲ˸ţһ⴩Խͷ۾ܿˣϲֹ֮꣬Щǲ˴롣Ҫ֪Լôһ죬϶ʷһһ۸
º͹ˣ̧ͷ죬̲ס
ȥү

 10 

󲿷ʱŮʷûʲôֵġ
һʷ̫ҫ۵ʱߵŮӶױڵ⣬ʷλãṩһλةһţƵˡ
ʷû˵ٸϣǰ㲻֪ġֻ֪Ǹ˵ΨһһԼֻǸŻôһ䣬ʻûЩ˵ĺոߡڸ󡭡ǺǣҪôڷǰͷҪôڷ趾֮ĳŲҰС
һʱԼȹҶˡ
ԭΪԼһ˭뵽ת۾ûû
ʱʮûʮˣ˵˾ٻʮꡣ
ģзү
Ȼү±Ҫиָ̬ᳯŸġԡͷ
ۿ죬зţһû£
Ĵ³һ򴽣֣û¡ܿޣ۾
֪ʵ飬ʵǾԼģҲûϵ˾ˡҾ˵Լδ񲻺ϾСǱߵġ
ĶŹͷ˵öԡ
ɿȷʵҪˡ
ߣڣ˭˵һҪˣ
һ£ʲôôһ£Զ
ⶼʲôʲôϽԼȹ׷ȥȵңǣһѾˣ޸Ҽ޸˭ģģȵȣ

λȨСѺý뿪ϯλ̬ǳѰصϯλϡ
ڳ˾ע⵽쳣ԼϺõͬһۣͷе档ôȥһһλۿˣǷʲô飿
ʮ幫ע⵽ˣ࿴۸ģ˵һ£ǽƷͿʼˣ
λ¬ӱ͹עͷ״ڣС岻ʣ
ȫĬ
ûʲô¬ʣǵˣǵδ޹Сʡʹ¬ҪʣҲǲȥʹС㣬ʸС㡣
ӣŸӲһعӵ¡
⻰ɰ㲻
¬ӵȻ̴ǣǸղű٩Ҫȥ¬ӽύķ衣
øǲõģܻ뵱۸λ¬ӡڸ󴽣ɫ̬չԼδޱȤЩ
һֱȤֻǰδע
ԭЩõʱɢ豭£ֱ˸ղǷԪеӡ̹ƣȴԲα
¬ӱ֪ЦżʣСĻɵһسͬ˾һۣǹСˡô᲻ҵ£
ˣ
Цˡ˹¬ʲô飿¬ķǺԼ˻Լ»˸ģϵءƣҪ
عӵ¡ѧŸĵĻһֲģ
¬ӱıɫҪ𣬾Ϸʮ幫Ц˳
Цˢˢ֣ʧˡ
ʮ幫ߵߵӣԴ۵ɤٶȿڣˣ˽Щ䣬ʫʸ踳ʲôСԼݵģҲ͵ǰͷѡͷ
˼һ£ͷһҽϲĻ
ٶȹ֣л¡
Ĳ֪ʮ幫ϲĻʲôһԻе뷨ھʣһͷ͵Բܺͷ迴ۡףСܹһףС군
һةĸǾԲǵԽ⡣бȻ漰˾ȨᣬԼεԭЩһ˿Խġ
ֻֻݣͨͨŶѡ
ŮǶԸϻ
ſŮÿλ̧һľӣϰڷһմɻ裬ŶеĿ˻ΣеûһƬɫ
ĽЩһһԼѧĻݶӦ
Ŷԡϻʮ幫ʼ⣬ϳ˲ܵ
һ
ޥ
ޥֱΪ޹һҶü仨۸񲻰󣬳ܶҲΪޥࡣֱʱֻһҶһ仨ĳɫк֣ܶ಻ڿšޥⶫе˻ϲȥˣ޹ãζ
ʱѰ˺ѿ˻ֱһ㡣
ֻһ֪ʮ幫һ軨ǳŲе֡˭ҪǿҪôǲУҪôǸûġ
Ů߶Ƚûſڡ
ĹӸ¬Ѿй֣վһԵõģǾ䡣ΪͤԷḧ棬һƬ
ϵ۽Ҳʼԡ
˿ʹˣʮ幫û˵⹫ҪôܴҪôеССӡҲ顣
Ա߹͸˵һ䣺Զ࣬¿ڿʡ
ڿ˾ҪȲ裬ȶ˾Ҫȥޡ
ģ
⻰˵ˡô۽JǷ˶ٵǣ
Ӻˮһ»˵
ʵһֱãڿŸûסֱЦ
ͷ¬ϲЦտŹ֣Сϲס
ЦֱﻰǺǡ
¬Ӹճ÷ͷûܹĳ־ʮ幫֣ȥˡ
ʮ幫ߵߵӣɢڣһλ
轫һֽ˸첲ײһ¡
̨ͷʶؿƾڰϣβߣҿϡյֽɨһֻֽۣдһޥ֣ʶλ¬Ǵ˵ġ
ɣ¬ӵ
ɣ
תͷ衣
躬Цٱʾ⣺̨뷨ˣ
λ̨ܱܵˢˢתߣҪҺÿ
ϣмʶٹӵܡҪλֻ̨֣һĸϲұ˵䡣ޥԵ
һڳʶǰĿܲǵλޥһģˣ˸Сֲۣ¬ӣָ·ֳʲô
ļơ
ʫ̲סơ
ҲλӸ翴һۡ
˾ڷϣľͿôһֺۣͷ߶ˡԷǺЦģջԼߡ
Ǹĺÿ
ʮ幫ͷһλ
䲻õ˶ӿ϶Լ뷨ϳʱһСɡ϶ֲޥԽԽ࣬϶ޥģɴޥһá
¬ӲɵӣЦݽϣֻܵһֲϳһһ档
¬ӲˣС͸ˡ
С˵ֳ˿Ů۽ȻĬԼˮ
ģ̫ˡ

 11 

۽壬ڵķΧȴ塣
һδŮıףȻп۵ľʹüȥп۵ģȻҲп۵ģ¬Ӻ͹
սụ̂⽣Ӱȫī
¬ΪһÿضҪһϳϻıǱѰ˸ôһ㣬ʮ幫ϲڿӣЩأɫԽԽѿ
ʹΧۣ˭뵽¬ӷôңһ˾̲ס³侮ʯһԼʶĻݡ
¬ŭʱͼе˹ϣǲҧгݵһ͹֮ձȲ滹⡣
İȵһ겻ῪڵĻһ仰û˵
תͿݣ˭˵Ϳ˭൱档
壿üȥڵġ
ڳ˶Ըĵӡ󣬴ԭ˼ˣ𽥱ˡⲻ˵룬úĻ˵ֲߵһĻ˵ûҡɵġ
ǫһϲͨķԪ³ʫĻǸ̬⿴˵
ָڲ豭ϣٺˮϵĶôˡ
ʱιȥʮ幫СͷҲƷݱȵǸϻͻϲݵͲݡ´һѡһ¡
ʮ幫뿪
˵ʮ幫߳ȥˣ˽˶ʱ
ЦüĩҶ֣ӴЩĻ鶼ɢ˸롣
ͷ¬ӵŹû
ϵĳ񲼲˲֣Ÿĸ첲ߣǳȥ磬ƷᰡʫᰡҪЩеǡͿǸ߹Լ
˵߹Լʵ˵¬Ӳ
ĸŹСһҪô
ǹ𣺡硣
һͷƳ뿪Цܱ˸һ˶ԼۣڲٳŴĹӸ뿪ͤͷķã൱ʺż

μӵʫ࣬Լֹʫᡣ
ЦӯӯĽܸˣСӹƽնڼҲǲʶûáƽĪҪ
һȺСöЦô۸
С㳤úÿǻʲôۣõļҵĴ֬
ŮЦʱܿŽֳЩʺã϶۽Ҳ͵һ۸ġĽյĴڣ²ڣվǶҲͦá
ۼ⿴δ¬ӺλǰǼλѰ˸ͷŸ뿪ǻط䡣
ĻûüͳʶСøǣͱȺƫһĵطȥ
һСΣһЩ羰
ܿԶվڵЩϴףûͷУǱʮ幫ȫġɨЩ䵽Լǿ¡
мҰݡûƿήԴϿɫССҰûʲôԣʵӣøһʱԲϺš
չһԼ첲ӣ㲻ǶԻݺϤôôһ䶼˵
Ķ׵£ָһҰҲʫ
ЦЦΪЩ˶ʫһǻǰЩī͵ʫ䣬ܱһ״Լģ
Ķⷽ治˽⣬ʫֻαЩתͷİ
Ӹ£൱϶Ȼװģôʫᣬῴͬһ׵ģһʫܹû֣ײһ롣
Ц
΢̧°ͣСС⣺ǡ
ʧ񡣡綣Ȫˮɤ滹Ц⣬û뵽ôƫƧĵطҲײˡ
ŵĸĽס
Ƿ衣
ûת۾
չ൱ţæԼĶ϶ŵĸģֱϸĵļüŪۣһûӦѯʣʲô˼㣿
ĸͣ뿪

ȫû׸ĵ˼Դֿ࣬裬ֻܶŷڨЦǸС飬顣
Ҫʹȥˡù˸ߣ
躬ЦػС岻ʣҪȥţ
ʹɫٲʧľǸˡ
ļûԼ˼ҪתϷ裬˭Ų̤һСӽŵװ崫ͣס
ģ
ܺãؽˡ
ЦݸΣսģôˣ
ĸ˫ӵȲ⣬ѱһ䣺ţ飬ˡ
û뵽Լһߣæǰġ
תͷƤšŷ񣺡ʧùӼЦ
ȸ̧ͷϷַЦδة˴˿ò̬˵ŴȤζС㣬žͱˡ
ƽڿӶǳ䣬˭뵽쿴Ұݻ顣Ʒˡŷ¶һֿ׵ЦȻקŹߣǲŷԪͷ羰
ûȫָ·һȳһգľˡ
ȹǰҷڵϣشѱŪࡣ
ںͷһξߣǼзִĽͬУߣһȥա
Ŷ߼ĹɽŲԹţѹָղԼûע⣬˵ĽŲȳ˶ᣬе춯ܸǹȥ
һߣ·Ůǳͷʶһ㡣ؿ۷裬ַȫڸϡ
ܿջߣˣԸ黹ܲء
С㡣ᷳûת֪Ҳ߹Լδ¬ӡ
вͣ¬ӣ¬үʲô飿
¬һӵס˵ȥ·Сʲôֱ˵ǡûҪȫȻû䳰ȷġ
֮ǰڹǰ¬֥ӡܱ˲࣬۾´һ¬ӣ¬꣬Ըȥǻ¥ʣһ¿Ǯ
¬ӹֻ֣ǺȾơļҹӸ粻ȥ
Цû£ҲȥСͬţС
¬ϹҲס
ŲӣôˣӺŮʲôܺȣôͲܺȣ
¬ŮӺôһǲظ
㻹ط
¬ָߵĸģ˼ҸС㣬һ仰ҿŮûźãʡݣҪƾżȨƣҲϺ˼ң
ۿ죺㣡
ü΢Դǵġ
¬ûʲôǵģ
ע¬ӣ˵ţ£ŮԽвԽáһǷǿʢһӣˡһܷӰ꣬ҪŮӡ
¬ͷϣŭʲô


 12 

Χŵ˻࿴ͷ˼
ŮӵλϸߣҲ߲ǧִ
˵ƣԼĻһҪǿʢȻӲҪĶӣõġӶʳ˲õĲǰТӣҲõʬҰ
˵ģм˵ͷв˼Χɽ߹ʲô顣
˵죬ºͣÿһ仰ʹϹ˵ŶеڸϹ˵о˵
ŮӳּңҪŮӶɻңŮѵʱȻŮӡδʱŮвܣ͵£񲻾ŮĵһʦʦߣҵѵܱΪӰĴô
¬꣺¬ӿǾԼĸ޲޵²Ǻõģ
⻰ʵϬ
б֡
ȦŮ߽ƷƷԽԽԣҲ׷׸ĹƣС˵öԣ
¬⻰ԣﶼԡɻҭסںڣҭǺղò˦뿪߳ŭһ䣺Ȼһ֮ѡ
¬ıӰһڡ
ΧŮ׷Χ
С㣬λѽ
ѽǺ͹Сͬһλô
λŮƽտɻпգҲһ
һӱôΧסһ
ʶ̧֣ûüˣͱһλӼˡ
չüͷˣƽæѧʡҪǴģһͷת
һΧסȴ㲻ηȺĵʤʤ൱ҡһġʦ̵úôǸСѧúá
ģǡŮճ챻
һȺŹǿǣЦ
ȺأͷԼְ֡𪣬յķ紵е΢΢졣ָԲ󡢹ǽڷָϸдԼγɵϼ롣
ղŸĺˣǱ̧֡
ʫᣬû룬븵ĵĳڸǲ޸ģֲ֪Ϊѡ޸δǰ˵ôŵжԵĻ
̵ģӹǲãϲע˵¿ˣԺûÿˡ
ȷʵûÿˡ
ˣ
轫УӸƹͤȥļᶨһеִȢǱȻ
ıȺΧƣȴƫȺпƹԶķ衣
Լ߶ˣȴһ˶ûСгһջһ֮֮ϣ˿̵Ӱʵ¼š
ǶΧŸʲôأʮ幫
ĲִջԼߣȺһתʮ幫񣺡¡
ʮ幫Ⱥеĸģתߣ˵һˣƷɡ
Ӧǡ
ʮ幫˷׷׻ع
в˶ԼΪֲǰһǰŮǶ֡
Ʒ
ϼ˫ĵ
١
һͺܹ󣬿ǰԭʮ幫֮ǰͳĻйбˣ඼УڳֵĻݣÿѲǵĻˣǽӣǮ
ĿĿת޲õһؼҡ
ô׾ûϲãȫһƷ֣ĿյضϹȥˡ
Ҿͺܺÿ
ĵҲ
ĵڲˣףڶϲպ
÷գ÷գȺҧĽֵľҪЩԼҪƤ
²˴۷ɿ׵˳֣޲³ƴһһÿÿƯɲҪе̣й¡
Ǹˣǲ̫Щ̺ͱġ̺ͱ˸ֲֲﱾ;еԡ
Щֻ֣һǺÿһʵá
ǰӾܣ衣
Ʒʮ幫ʹΧ߲࣬ҲãҲΪΪѿڣҪôѡ裬Ȼ˵һѡɡ
һλӸ飺¡ǿͶƱÿѡ֣Ʊ
ʮ幫ŷ㣬æͷס
źŮ׷³ݱţٸ˷ַֽʡ
Ŀ͵Լǰıʣ
μʲôƷᣬò¶Լһ֡
ˢˢд꣬鿺ܵųƱűʣһһд꣬ԼҾ徵ıʼԥԥϽˡ
鵽һ۸ĵ֣ˣ죬û
˵ʲô
ֻܱ΢ʾˡ
еͬ飬еЦ
ͶƱû֣Ʊܹ黹ŮƱġͷ˵ԼѡżŵɣͷŮ˵żżֵõһƱһŮͳơ
һʱ򣬳ƱŮ΢һ٣˵ѡš
Ķѡţ֪žԼƱû䣬·˹û˻֪Լдġ
ϡǣͷÿӴˣλ¬ӵһֱû˵ϣǲмںȥͷϵĶ
ԭʱʱĺ͹һû
Ŀ˼¬ӣȻֿ˷衣
ֶߡ
Ĭתߡ
ô£ôܶߣ
˵Ҳûв뵽ЩУ˭һû˭رϤ˭ܴһ䣬ֺ˭ûж˵̬
֮Уȴ֮⡣
ţԼǴ˵ӹ˵Ĳ
ƱŮջʤʮ幫С
ʮ幫ֽЦҪʤһҪ˻ҪƷԡĵٷǱȲġ
µݸŮˣɡ
ŮͷնߣΪӵĻ
˴
λվܳ˹֣ʮ幫񣺡л¡
ָλԼȡġһͶƱڵλϵġ˼壬ƫƷʵذɫټϵƷ
ѽڸǿ϶ɫϲһЩ
ľɫĻžͺÿ
ʮ幫ͣٺ⻨ľɫѰ˸ͷ˽յƷᡣͷлڳμӵĹӺС㣬ͷĹӺСл˵½Ʒᡣ
ҷǳαס
СԹЩҪǷڼҪβòźá
Ⱥ½ʼɢȥ¬ߵԼǰźݻǸҵš
ı¬ӵĵקһ£˵ʲôͼ¬Ŵˡ
һӣ¬ӵıӰҧ˭˭ţŸøҵţ
ʶֳŷǶȥ
ȴڿ¬ӵıӰ
ķɿջߣﴸԼԿǣɫˣɫˣ
Ҫһˣ


 13 

Ʒʮ幫ͣƷͤԱΪ;ʱŵ㣬ҲΪǳʿͱͤ
ŮΣ˲ֲҪԭصİ
Ⱥɢȥֳûʣ¼ˡ
һӸǰͷǰͶƱֽԪĶأ˵дüáҿҪжá
ŮڱȰ˵ӣǲġ
ӸզࣺͲˡдúã֮ϣȻӱġҪûҵ˵Ȼˣû˼
۷ķһζԻߵЦһҵҪùʧȷʵȻˡ
⹫Ӹ类ŵקֽӵŤͷͻȻðķ裺ˣô·ûİ
蹰֣ϰˣ·ŲᡣһֱͷֽҲûע߽Ų
Ӹ类ץνֽãáô秵ġҾҵ㣬ͷûʲôͷҲ
ŹӸЦ˶г̴ڿԣóƷʫʡ
Ӹһ֪û˼̬ȣ֪ˣҲˡղôôۻһˣ
ֽҲ뿴˵ıīԱһ֪Լ㡣
ӸģȻҪʲôһֽһ㿴ֶ࣬ÿڵûĵһ˵ġ
ʧЦô
Ӹ绹·費аǰ跭ֽ㿴Ұĵܵܶдñֺÿһһô֣±˿дʲôƵġ
轫ֽ£ôһҪڲͬ
Ӹ类ɶЦˣһƺڷϣ˻ͦȤİߣͷһ㡣ͷҵ֪Һ㽻ã϶ÿ䡣ЩҪֻ»ȥҼҿҵ֣һ
轫ֽŮЦӦǹ
ô秵ģǿƾٿ˶ɵˡӸŷͷߣҽлӼѧЩ˼ٵġ
лһλΪԼԺֿѵǰ;ӵܳΪɵֱ֮ʿ
йһлƽٶ˵Լ֣衣
лЦӦţ֪֪

Ļص컹ûװ¡
ƷĲ˵ֳԺȹһֱûͣڶӻţ㲻Ƕѯʣ֪ĵ˸϶˿С
ľ뷨ǳãǻͷ·жԴϵƷױԼһϵ﹤ߣǰԺӣ㽽ˮͦá
飺
СǾˣҲʲôʱ
æµ͹һȥ˸͹ǶһǸ֪ǿõȣһǸ֪͹층
͹÷һԻ㱨СǰȥƷᣬ³˹С㡣
̧ͷǶ˻£
һһʮ棺¬Ҳڣ͹СԼСֵòǺܿġ
齫Ʒϵ˵ˣһϻʲôֵעģĿнˣ
룺ЩͶһţͷ˽ⲻࡣ˵Сͺ͹СʱȥһˣǺͷԪһģ·ɡ
һˣԪǵһǸ
ͷţƷϱֲڡ˵óʶ𻨲ݺʫʡ
￴顣
ʲôûһŶ
ʮ幫飬齫Լ֪ȫˡ
ʶ˳Է̧̧ٲҪˡ
Ųʣˣȥɡ
¡
ˣȿڣ¬Ƕ
ֱ˵ϵ괺ǲ
ִǣҪûأǾһҵתͷְһᡣһϵѧȫΪλٵġѧ
ʽʦ鲻󣬵ٳЯ֮ڡ
Ǹò£ҲǸѲ¡
ü
˭¬꾹ֹƢСȥŮһźݻġ˵۹Ϲôٺãͷȥ˿Թǽ׻أ
鿴üǲǵóԷٶѣԷ
ﶯ¿ӣܿͣˣˡ
飺
Ƣǡ
ԼλԼȫײ㣬鲻òڣһᴦ¬ʢڼ¬˻Լ
ҪǹܲãǻͷǶ˷ݴ¡
¬ôӣҲԼӻٵԼǰ̡
ÿӸвˣԵ㡣ۡ
飺
ˣΨֺŮг·
ҪֺõŮ˿̽Ժﲻֲ궼ˮֲͬҪˮͬеһһˮеһˮеһˮ
ˮģŽ췢飬ҲŹڷ顣
ʱ㹻Ǻܶණѧǻһ꣬ͽ꿼ԵĶ˸ɾҵû꣬ѧѧٴһ⿨ǵˮƽɴӵһͿǡ
ҪǷһ̫׳̫ˣƫǰһ˵飬ͽԺ
Ľʾ֭ȥͼڷ顣
ţʣһŷ
üһľɫ
ʷϲˡ
ĲɫСĽˮ˵ĺÿɣöЩ߽ϵϢλǿԼλûʵ۶裬ٽҷ˭ţ
һյĽʾ֭󣬸ٶʧܡ
ȫǵˡ
ͼǵʮС
ʮǻʺĶӡ
λʷʱޡ
¹ڷʷ˵ͦģȢŵƺһն˭ţ˭ҵŮĸ¥ͷơС
һյĽʾ֭
Ȼǵóס
һûǵãǵû͸ϣȫǺԼһżסġ
̾˵ô˵˵ô׵ģ
ӷֻʷʧܣľӦôԼ֡һʵĹӸ飬ٻ߾Ͳ飬һҲͦá
Ķ
µʱڳЩӸ硣
ţŰ¬꣬Ƣӣδ
ţֳӣһ㣬ۡ
š
ʮĺӣôװǻƣڸﻹǺӣûһġ˼ȥֻзܿһЩ
ģ
Ҫעһˣ
һӹųԴóͷλһ¾ˡ׬ǮӪԿֻ
һ滨ļʹ˵ϲ
ĥĥţʼĥԼС⾭
֪ھûӡ
ͷھһˮ


 14 

Ѱ˼׬Ǯ֮
Ůһճʮĵġ
ЩȽϺõģɻǰǲͣѧϰ黭ҪͨҰһЩĻԴд֡ϧǰߺͺ߶͸ûʲôϵ
һ׬СǮŬѺͷ׵Сѡ
Ʒһ÷·ûһӰ죬ǸвԼ¬ҲԺΨһ˹Լ˵ڼңʮǱˡ
̫ˡ
û˴Լ׬Ǯ
̼д˼żƻһǰ˸鷿˴
֪ܿͨС㣬ȥ
Ųӽȥһ۾ͿǶԼĸ顣
ղŸæ£ϻŲٱӡ
ǰ񣺡
Цʲô㴩ôʽң
ڼﳣ֡һǹ׼Ů·һԼװϲǻﻨεȹԼװ
ʹǻﻨεȹʽ˵֡
ͳԼֽ뿪һһꡣ
ӹĵֽӪ׬Ǯ֡
Ļûô˵أͱһˮˡԸֵĲǿһ⣺֣дĶһ׬Ǯġ
ǻ飬˿һѺ֡
һϸŸĵֽһ߸Ӫӣÿһҵ𶼼Ϊ߰۸ǳɱϣȷӯ
ھûӣǰҲûʵ꣬ûٸ
˵ţԽǰĵƤĶԽϡϡӵ𡣳ӱġݲǲΣע衣ȴ˴Ӫ
ģ
ȷʵǡ
㻨ݴʩʳδҪǰҺˣϵЩ˶ԸǶ飬ڹϵ񡣶˭鿴˸ĵ֣ŶǮˡǹ˼Ҫвϲĳֻݵô죿ζͻôⲻԸô
ʵлģλÿƫƧͨĻݣǺͱĶһȥгġ
Ǯ˼ҶԼ԰רֲҪȥ㶫
鿴ģȷмңñ֤Ӫ׬ø࣬Ҳſܽ׬ٵǼҸ㡣Ӳֻһάֵģñ벻㣬Ҳά֡ǳ־õǮ
ĿԼдǱļֽЩҪӸû
ȷʵȷ׬Ǯ˵ȷʵм׬öࡣϸһ£ʵ
Ҫõ겻ԼҲά֣̫ˡͲ廨ЩǱȥơױøΪԶϸ¡
׬Ǯδоȶ
鿴·ͷһŮҡ
ĵͷǡ
ЩϳˣԼŮƷ˵ĵĻߣֲ˵ˡЦԼŮŮҲܺ˲õ׬Ǯӣҡ
ֽƻصǰ֡
ջԼֽȥϾòԷ
鲹䣺ëʣ̼ʲ񻰡
ģá
ԼʧܵĴҵֽٴӸ鷿ߣ¸ٸϵʲôѧҵݡ
û뵽鷿ͷĥһ£ɸϲõҲŮиǺܻӭǻݳɻȥͣȻͳ⡣
ϲǺã˾ҵǷȱһЩ
۹ⳤԶĸ飬ͷϻһ£֪ʲôʱǷ裬ҪǲתͷŮ˼

һͷ¬ǮݸԼͣǮȥˡ
ͿǮ¿ˮˣҪˣҪԴ
¬ЦʲôԴҾͨ𸮺͸ˣλһ㡣㵱ԴôõͷǮ뿪˭Ҳ֪˭ҵ֪ͣȥ
Ҷ˵ʲôҵͷ
ǮһǮ
¬֪Լһؼʱ򣬾ܱС·ŵһ˼ּһ䣺·Ҷ㰲źˣߣҪͣ
˵꣬ǮͣҪҷΥ㵽ϼǶҲ˸㾾
Ӧ
¬괦£͸Ͻ
ͽǮɿ뿪¬ҡ
ٻصԼóһ̳ӣǮһΪСģһݴġСֽԼ㶵תͷǰ˹𸮡
һ˷Ϊ֣һĹС͸ҳģһǺڼûɶʱһǴæʱŵġ
ڹ𸮺ţһŷ೵ŵģУֵܣпô
ֵòס˰üͷƳ㣿
ͻǮ
ֵԥһ£ܿͷ
˽೵ߣѰ˸Ƨ˵
ֻҪͷҸ˵䣬Ϣʹˡֹ˵˼еģֻҪ˵ͷˣ˽ж飬ɻͳɡ
Ʒ೵ҡͷǲСͷһͲ鵽ˡ
óһǮôףڱϣ˵ϱ˵Ĳͳˡ
ֵܵ˵ԥһµͷɡ
ͻ¸ˣõǮ٣ԼڻƵЦ£˳ǰͬķʽͨһʱˡ
ȫȻû뵽ǮֵĴһ£ǮԼһתͷ೵ãص𸮾ͽ¸ϱȥ
ʹæȥںŲѰһֺ׼ŲĸŮ̧к㣬㣬Ǹϸ˵ģ
Ů϶ͣļҵ˶֪Ƕϵ¹̵ܽϣҸʲôʲô¶ˣ
һǾصĸŮ
п⣬Ц㣬ˡ˴ġô
Ůһ֣йһ飬ȷ˲ԼϵģȴǱˣĴӴˣöҽšɱߡ
һ¡
ôˣǺߵİ
Ůתͷߣǲͣҽҵ»ء˽õֵ΢ȵȣȥ
κŸŮӺͷߡ
һţŮϣһק˵·ͷϣϴţͷ˸֪ʲôģ
䣬һȺŸӡͷȶ۾Χ
ͱקˤϣȴ˿û⺷ֱۣǣᣬᣡ
ŮԼŵĶһ飬һƺϣûʶǸѰ鷳Գ˰ɣ


 15 

˵ԼץסһµģѺ˹ٸһʱе𾪡
ϸ˵ϸ˽ԼС㣺ڳһģģʵ˽H¶ȥС˫۾Űء
ԼСͷ飺¶ˣ˵ץסô
顰١һץסˡµˡѲ⡣
ûػ
лһµԼж顣Сܶ鸵͹ﲢûиǻڲţһ
һλүķ˶ܱ¶ȷʵѲ⡣
ء
ʳ˭ô顣
սģ˵ˣǺָ¬˵Ķ¬¬ɵˣ˻ȥһ˹𸮡֪ºȥѰˣٶҲ
ĵͷ
ѹ¬¬Ӻ͹СĻǳɲˣֳֻ֪ʲôȥǶҪЦСԺɲ˼ҡ
ЦһСɻ²ָһӾڵߡ
ͷһСߡ
ĵ˵Ա߸ɵͷҰȥǵһӷͺá
һѿŶ»ͷѿһ
ͷۣʲôӣ
ĵͷڿӣ˵ǺƷ֣˵˸ϡŹֳֵ֡
ֻ˳ԼС˼æӣС㣬ⶫֳԺҪԼô
Ӧһֲһ䣺Ҳȫǡʱ򿴡
õ׬Ǯ

С¥¥
λòϼѵĹӸһ
л˾Ʊ塣λһһλҺòײԼĺָʿղղˣһλ½ʶѣԪ裬Ԫ
ϵķղƣЦٱơ
лһƣ贵ԼֵܣСղ֣ŵڡҲǺֳ˳츮ǰϰ߽ղղ֣˸СղͽСղ֡
ղЦ⵭˵ǵͷӦš
лתͷֺղﴵ裺ԪڲʮˡΪǰʮһǰк˲˼ҪǿˣǱֻʮţ
꣬лֹôţһǹӼҽĺѶܿƾúΣú׳Һѣ
ƾٿָܽĶΪʮϣʮ޼ʮӼǳ̬
ҪǴõֽ֣һףȫԳΪԺͶʮΨһһˣһˡ
ղԼһƣŷٱԪţҲǼˡ
˵꣬ҲȷٱԸһƺȥٶȿ쵽лһ¡
ҪƵһ١
ղ軹ûüƣȰѾƺ˹㻹С̫ࡣڳӦ
˵ָԼһЦǰ˾ٱֺȥ
л
ڳղȷʵʮ壬ѳɻ飬ǻлűܡлŸնʮͷ˳ɼȥҹס
лӣͷûָ괺ܿٻ׾ͺˣ˼ңʡ˵δǣԼʵϰһ꣬Ҳ١
Сֻʮˣǰ;
ղôڣʵڽƽ
лղҪıˣæղвˣڵ棬Ȼͷ²
ղﱾƣôȰԶЦ˵ôôŵôȰôȰȰٺȵ㣬ڲл߸ɴɳԶµó
Ц
л˵ȷʵ棬һӣôˣ˵ÿҶȾƵóҸ㽲ڹӼ໹ѧСβؾƺȾƲ֣
ûڹӼ飬Ժ
л˵ԵûԴһſı̣˴룺
ղֺǡ
ȾƳԷ˵أǻᳶ˽¡лͣ˵ŹӼЦ£ղżһ䣬˵ںԺȤ¡Ψз裬̹ϱʾƽն飬ûʲô֣ƶҲ١
һ˵лղͬ顣
һ·ɼ죬õټҷס׳ǹģڻƷҲ㹻Ҫϱī鼮֧ȵȣǾ;ִ˵㡣ҪȾ֣ѣҪѣѡ
ѧӶԣ鼮ֽԶǴ
л΢ְ裬Ԫ͸л졣һھƣǾһھƣ
ղֶŷͷ£ҲҡȻں˵϶ٻ⻹е档
Ʊƣлλ
һ
лȾƣҲ֡ȶ˾Ͱһһû룺ॸॣֶһѽ~
ղ˲پƣеͷǵл˵ͣл棬ʵִܶ硣ȥȻֻﶼ
лһ٣ʲôʲôϹ˵ʲôлӳţôܲһ
ղЦȻһ˲ˣһһ衣ƶҪԼֹͬ¥¬ҹӿɱֶˡ
лúõһֻӣϹ˵ɶǽ¬˸Ǹ⡣
¬ӵϢһôǸˣ
лЦһҪף㿴ƷмŮǶϢ֪٣Щģĸ֪ϲϻ¥ҹĻȥǰֵһ¥û
²ײܣ
ղһ¾Ʊûûвģһ¥˵дУ׸֪֪ˣ¬ںԺ˺ܾãһ죬Ҳܴɾ
л룺ǹС㣬۵ĳ׺ƭҿŶ³ɲˡ¬ۺС϶ᱨһȥע
赱Ծ֪Ĳ࣬һֱΪСΪ޲ϲ˴Ӷӻ飬յⳡ¸洵û뵽¬껹ô
ۣƷв˹С㣬Ҳв˸ġ
л߳Ǻ˰죬Ƿ˵أֻȥظǰ
ղлЦó죬ֺһơжʮ壬ȴǿ̫һ۱΢󣬾һȶ࣬Ϸ·Ĩ֬ÿЩˡ
һӷ۵˶䣬̧ۣɫüĵĺ׺ţþĶǡ
лղٿ裬ȻʶŶ֪ƾʲôѵˡ
ǰͬʱ
лԵŤŤӣӷɣƾɣ
Ť̫һᣬлһע⣬ˤϡ
ղһ㶣Цûͬġ


 16 

ϯϣлȵò࣬һʡ£̱ϻ˯ȥ
ղ￴Ųԣϵúãһһûôͣȴֻ΢ͷ
ӺȾƻûƵúãԸкȵٵģġ
ûлȤղܿȥЦѵ˲١
ע⵽ղֻлûʣҲûڣ˳лڣЦһЦһһ֡
ղƺȶˣ׻ᣬߣԾ¶˳ԪȽ˺Ժܵ͵һ㡣ɱ¬ˡ
迴ղ
ղƳ۷裬Ƿһ˿ûʲôеЦ㳤Ư
⻰˼ɶЩ
žƱþƱתƱľ΢ζһҲûдӾƱܳлΪղ˴£ղΪɱ¬ˡ
ɱ˵ɣ⻰ѵݡ
괺ǵĿ٣עλںԺһ죬ڹٳһ¬ˡ
ղ˵仰󣬼Լƣżڲˣ˳һһغȡ
Сղ־õΣ躬Цղ
ղЦںٵǶǾõٺܺðɡ
ӦȷʵٺܺãҲ˾õġΨе٣סԼ뻤סˣ뻤סı
ѧӣ࿼ƾ١
ƾٱΪΪ١ΪߣΪΪΪΪӡ
ΪһЩԼͨıӣȴǹ֮Ĳӡ
ղÿӴ˴ԼֿллһͿ㷴ӦûУȫȥȷл˯ղջؿӼ˵Ҹ׵٣ұ㵱١Ȼ˶Ȼ¡
㲻ϲ٣
ղﴹЦҲáֻǲϲٳв̫һ
Ǻ˵һǾһ
ղЦ̸̾ף
һӳʳþѹȥ˵ζֶҲãȵҲգһأη塣ģܸı⡣㲻ıֻܱı䡣
ƽĻȴĶ߲Ż¶˵ĻղﱻѬȵͨ巢
ǺղﾡȻŷĻ˵ȴԼɱ񣬿úܡ
˵ķȴЦûԼжݣǺԳ˶ԣɱ˷Ż𵹲£һʱϣǸӿµ顣˳Ŵá
ղЦûˡ
Ļ˵˳ŴãʵȫȻڳԸһǵһˡ
һʱ䣬ζûɫû㡣
ղﵹһƣԼҲ˾ƣǸµˡϲˣ޲ðеĺöѸ޵ˣ޲ýǧвŸġҶǰҲһӵӰ
ƱƸղҸСղֵѣлСղֶҵѡ
ղﶢŷ迴˰죬ûܴӷϿ㲻ԡƱһ治֪лôմˡ
лͷһ·ˣһȻףһڡ
ղ⻰ЦΪҳúÿԼò൱ϿɣúÿǸƣñҪá͵ģĸġ
⻰񵶴ղ࣬ǽղǵ㸯ⶼˡղתߣſŵл춼֪˵ʲôá
˵ǶԵġ
֮ʱ緢Ļϲһи֪ͣĸ׳ޡ˭뵽һھٳѰҹԮһȺϲж
ԣ͵ġĸġղԼ˾ƣ֮ڰģֻ˵һ䣬ˡ
Ӧһ
һƺȹԻؼҡ
ղһڵ￴飬ĵͷĲθûκ˲뿪¥ɷЦձȾ죬Żǳ뾩ǵöɡ
ղػ˹ٳлصӼ࣬ڼҿ飬ƵеĻ档
ӼУӣյһ˵뺯һ濵Ϣ
˵뺯׺˵ͬһۣԼһЩʿϴԼףĸ׾ܾĵڶԼ
濵ϢԼࣺ¬С͹С㸮ϵˣ
ⶫڴ޹еŮӶ൱ЩȨŮǣͬǣٳ֮ϼλ˵һҪǳɣνˡ
濵Ψһһ֪ϲСģרָã֪ͨ
迴򵥵Ϣޱյ˸һɶ
ЩҪϸų߼޲˦ޣûס
贵˵ƣš

мϣͨҧָֺͷ˻ˣȴûп˵ʲô
վӱͨӣԼҿڴͳǮʦһСˡ
ͨϲתӱл㡣
ӱǳǳЦţͨԴؼҿɱߵ
ͨͷ
ȫǣ۸Ժͨʵڸߡ
̧ͷ۽ӸߵСӺͨЦѯʣҪôСˣ
ͨűȻҪһʥ
ӱظ˺ͨҪ󣺡Ǿʥ
˺ЦһӦ£ֿ̧ʼ
ǽӡľƬļӹ£ɿ͡ȼʣһֻԾȻϡֳֽ𹿰ŲȽƣͷСñһƤЦȴģ
ϸδС
һԽܿ˿棬˻Ҳ൱档λ̧ͷȴסһæˡ
ӱͺͨͬתͷˡ
ףԼƽյ鵭˵˵ͷ⣬
ӱǰһֳ
Ӧ£̬ȸӶЩ
ֺͨСͷֱֹҼҽ㡣
ⱻΪֳͳǮǮٻһλ
ӱ϶ʱɺ죬ֱץԼ½꣬ٲȻһŮӽ״̬
ӸǮӱѹ˵ְ˺ţղܰ¡
ӱϲķɺʱʧ΢ͷӣֳ
ҳã㸸ԩ
ӱҡҡͷȴᶨӣһֱϣӱһҡˣĴӱһղ
ӿӱһֹҡҡͷ֮͡ҽִڣһ
ӱɵͷ
ӿ·б͵Լȴɫǳĺͨһ¡
ָĺá
ѹӱϲࡣ
ͨըʲô
ҲػתߣܿȺ
ССĺͨԭضţ㣬㿴
ӱ˵ıӰһǻȻѹ£Ĭ˼ַҪҵˣ¶Ҳ㡣͵˵
¸ĺͨСǶˣǡͦĶ


 17 

ӷ¡Ҫֱ֣ǽյաǣţʯˡյǰһЩһ̽ͷ
˶߲˺ܶ࣬١ͨԸЩҲ˷ֻġϰյ˶ճʳǷȱغ޲ͷܶʳȻῼǻݡ
ʶһԹԽԺճһطֻһʳһࡣֻʳֻʺС󣬶ֵⲨҲ̫ߡ
Щɸѧıϰ֣ŬԼдúÿЩ
¶סﶼһôȻǰùЩ
˼ȥ벻Ȼȴ֪Щ仯Ǵӳ֮еģС˹ճһүˡ
˼תͷȥ˸顣
ڸ˵ʲôּ˵ʲôˣǱȫȻûи֪ġ
ĬĬһӵأӭ˶ա
ǸӣףҪ̶Ƚڲ֮ꡣһһ˱Ҫһ档
缸æµòĶȫˣոǵĽֽǮ˺ü䡣
һٳһĽӸȥȳæ۵ԪǮȥ˰ɣ
ĵͷ
ÿﶼһֽԪרڼ롣ͬʱҲҪ븵ΪΨһĺӣȻһҪҪȥԪ
ϰÿЩ£ֽ񼸺κβ
ĺúôһ֣شŸĳţС㣬ȥͷˡ
Ӧ
ͷɨԺӵͺȻȸԾСܵǰ֣С㣬Ժ·ѿˣǸͷ
䣬ûѩ
ЩӻڵԼ̫䷢ѿû뵽ѿˡȻЦͷӦ͵ĻǺͷ顣
ڴһСͣ㻬ͷɱ˱顣
ϲЦտǣлС㡣
££Լۡ
ǰն˵㣬ڶúͷȣһоͷ䡣
ӣŸȥ
רһСáú󷽰źܶСӣǰͷźµŲվ˲ۣһһӵĽֽǮ˵·ȡõλϡ
ϰ˲ٳʳлػйӡƲز١ŹأҪ֣һֶ١
ɫ˸ĵűոºҲ
˵ˣ˦·ۣӹ¡
ߵ
Ĭû˵ʲô󾲾˻Լӵ棬ÿλãùǰ
ǰһعߵ
һԲĸ鲻ͬﻰߵݿʼûͣүˣС㣬Щһжãܿˣ꿴ñȥܳˡ˳һҲá
үͷָǸĵ汲˶ʵڲƺһ̶ֱܹСָĵȻǸģǹﵱźĸϡ
ϲ˽֣Ψмţһһ˶
ʫʫϡ
Ŀһ񣬺ܿ챻һ¡عʶֵԼˡ
˵ţС㣬һҪ࿴ŵİĻСԺ·ô
Ĺͷ
жأٸһжأһ˫ܿ˫ۡл׸ԣһв֪ǲӣҲ֪ǲ￴Եʡ
ΪˣǰԵԵ
֮ͷĵĸԸ
ȸĿͷ˾ƺģȥϾơ
ĽӹƺԹȥϵƣ֮һӡ
þƣֵֽ
ͽڷźãӵһס
˴óֽǮСЩֽ۸̫ߣҪ棬ֻҪȼաһϻȼɻҽ
ңȾ˸˵
ܸܵϵĸ£ЩϷɡ΢գգۣܵԼеˮ̫ˣȻᡣ
СֽǮһ̧ͷۿˮæڣģˣ̫
ĵͷŲһЩ
ֽǮ̫סգܿûˡϵĶҪһʱ䣬ҪոɾһнϵĲˮԺȣԼ˼մȾǵף
ԭصС죬Ȼһˮ
ȵǲ衣
궫͸˵һ鷿
Ӧڸ鷿ߡ
Ůһǰһ󣬺ܿ͵鷿䡣
ûŹϣǳţˡȻ۶æ鷿ֵصֻһֱŸһλ͡
Ĳ֪Լʲôź濴Լס
иС
еݸ˸ģ򿪿ĸס
΢㶣˫ֽӹС
г鿪ǣһᣬͷϵźѺϾɣɫʾŰúܡῴŻ£·µһ㡣
ȡᣬ⿪ϵչ˻
Լһ׸ߣֻһŮӡŮӴһɫȹһӣпڰߵСԲ̨ϡԲ̨ƽװλݵģȫȻŮӰռˡ
ǷЦüĻһ졣ɫ𪣬ź졣
źƯ
ͼֽ£ͷһŵֽ¶ѡ
Ԫһ
һʣǺ
ЦһǰЩӼһۣ˷ɫüǵ֮⣬ûһżƤƣƢº;Ӷ࣬ǴյĻ
Ԫȴǡ
ˣԼ⿴ۣԪºͣȴǴյĻһɰ
̧ͷ飬øȷʵֻһ۶ѡòϼ츳ߣôߵλãֶļһ
ºУУĶȴǱƯ£ͬյҶǱصЩδ֪
˻Żص»飺ܺðɡ
ܿ׶ԻϧһԶʤ
ûܾԼλϣһҪǺͷףô
ͷһ
һû͸Լ׵˼ôͺȻյôһ⣿
ĵɴԼ˫ۣһһӣ
⻰ȻЦֺǳȷʵǸӡǳҪǵġԪ¾ôһҪǴЩϧ
ĸϽҡͷ
൱ϿҺԼ͸ףȷʵ޶ǰƽעˡֻڵߣҲŹ½һҿɼȵŮҪӡ
鱻⻰Ц


 18 

ȵŮҪӣǲܵġ
ЦÿģȴҲͷҪ׸һԵҵĶӡʡȥܶѹ
Ҫǣֻ֮ˣŮӡ
ǹ˵ġ뵽˵Ķڣñ˿ܲáҲǿ˷裬ЩܱﲻסȥޣҪǷԪ㲻ϲͷҲԼҵѧ
ģ
ܹҪҲ̫ˡ
Ĳ˵鵹Ҳ⡣
ⶫûҪŲ˼ģǸĽĴ£Ȼ⡣
ĶԷ費ִֶ̫˵䣺ԪΪӹǲãһʱȫһ׻ҩšھǺӣ⣬һҪѧϰҪд鼮׬Ǯ
ڵ֮ǰñȽ֪࣬ġ
鿴˿⣺ˣúǼЩǵĶҲ֪ٹЩʱҪѩġ̿ȴҪ׬ǮѰ
΢
òҡ
ϧʦӣȻոѧ˵ţһԴЯ˵ͣĸĶǿԼҺӡ
ļһϷѴ󡱵ģЦʾᡣ
ںȷʵᣬȴ̫ᡣ
һдЦȴ˵൱Ļ̫ΪȷʵǻҪాꡣϣұˡ
ЦʧС˵ʲôأ
鲢û˵
ºͶŸȰ˵Ҳ޳ȥ׸áЩٿҪ֮ˣұǡǻӣҲȥһʥּ
ůҡͷ
޸ʼңֻΣաԺһ޶檣λһߡεʮӣǻ֪
޸裬֪Լܵڡ
ľҪᣬҪرǿҲ޻ʼҡһҪôˣҪôһһһ˫ˡ
˶٣ͷЦúá
Ǹִר֣˶ϡٱˡ
һһһ˫̫ˡ
˸ͣѺȥŴİ顣ʺǵڶλʺΪܳ裬ԵʡʼȷʵѰ˼ҸѴﵽһһһ˫ˡ
̸ɣˣȥĻ˵췢ѿˡ
Ӧ
Ϊߣŷô࣬ҪûԼ£ǽٳҲл鶦һϷ
Ųͣ£תſ̽ͷ
üţ
ľùֲ˼ȴ˵һ˵ԪѧҲɣҿϲ
ãԷŻøСŷǶ̶ʮʵھϧ
ֿܵʷô
Ĳֻ֪֪Լ޸裬Ҳϣܹȥܺá
գգۣϧţҿûʲôϵ˵ջӾܣŲɿ졣
Ÿ뿪ıӰ΢ҡҡͷ
˵г羴ɵһ˶һ˼ȳ羴ͬ飬ǱһͿء˼޸ԼԼΪ죬ֺ޲ý󡣸ΪŮôвأ
Խº͵ˣǵִԽǿ¡
ϧŮδ֪

ǰš
ͨż⣬ߵš
Ŵ򿪣ɻ̽ͷͷûƼˡ¿ۣ췢ŵСӣӴĶĴСӣ
ͯȷʵеཱུ֣ġСֵݳһţǸôתһţ˵ǸСġ
Źҵã˲ٶڡ
˹أ˼ԵǺӣͷȻ˭ţдʲô
ͨͷһаģڳͣ顣һλúܺÿĹġС㣬ֱ̫ʧ񣬱תš
˴˴Ȼû뵽¡
뵽ǰЩӸץĹˣӰС̰˰֣˻ȥҼС֡ŵûУܵõС
ͨС
ִǰһٸԼţӵŲʧĵط֪Сϲ滹һ䳤ʢܵĻ
ôһ˵üͷϹ˵ʲôء˶ǮţļҵĹӣ
ͨҧҧһɿߡСһһģ͵ԼԼһ£Щһˤڵϡ׻ûˤסӺ񱼡
Ҫ׷ʵ׷ĵġ
Ǻͯ·Ǻ£´ʲô飬ԥһ»ǽŴ˸š
˺ͬ˵һҰŸµȥô㿴š
ͬͷͬ⡣
˳ڴҴȥܿ콫е͵˹С
յţŷ⣺ֽϲ˵ļҹӣ
ҡͷδһ
״ţ뿪һξ룬΢ζüûѬ㡣û¶
˲֨
½Ķóϸһ㶡ǳС·ŻصŷУٽŷãҸȥͲ͵СǱٿȥſڼš
Ӧ
źֱܿµ˹ڴ˹ֱߡ
æ˴죬û뵽ջ顣
Щһж˲ڶС
ڳ˲ҿ
ﳶŷ⣬һŸˡȡͷĶݣϵʧˣüͷȴ˭ģ
¹ش𣺡ǸתģͷҲûעֻôһͼ
ｫŷãҸүȥ»ٿǸӣǵ˭
Ӧǡ
ﶢŹµĿƬ̣ٶȿڣЩ츮ϵ¶࣬ˡ
ºԽҸġ
΢ͷվӣڵĺҲǣͷ黹ҵ治»ͷֱӶˣһǻ궪ա
ǽȷȷʵʵԳˡ
ﴽǹЦĵ׺ÿһҲ
ƹ£뿪䣬קУаûЦ⡣
͵а󣬸Ĭ˰죬ŻڣȥĿЩˡ˭ڡ
Ӧ
úһգŻһö׻ը븵
ｫ͵Ժ︵Уȿţ˭ġ
ϴɾ֣ɺţһĪ˭Ź
ſһۡ
Źңͷȴֻֽ
һֽհףһֽֽһĻɱ񵽺һͻѡҩҲ֪仨ģǱ˻ϵɫǷˡ
ֽҲһֽ
ֽдšһΪΪ¬¡
һ̫ͼ


 19 

̫ܼ򵥣һԲȦϼ㣬ȥҲá
ּ򵥣ȴøûͷ˼
һĻĻڶ£»ĻǲʺֲĻĻҩõĶĻɣֳ״̬ĸɻ
ĵĻǱʹİ
ʲô飿
˵飬ǵڶ¬ִʲô
¬ҷʲôˣ
ҡͷδ¬С飬ŵܹ̫ЦںԺŴѧʿʱ֣û¬֡
ĸɻˡ
ʲô˼
˭͸һţ
һ¬⣬ʲôˣʲô˻Ǻ˭̸䣿
۾һֱ𲽻ָʹܸȤҲҽܹһΣȥƷᡣǴμŵ˶ȥҪ֪¬ϵãǺܿһȥμƷˡ
̸Ҳͺͷ˵޹ؽҪĻ
ԥһ£ջҡͷûʲôˡҲû˭ر̸
ü̫Ļ֪ʵڲࡣ
Ŀ
ȷʵࡣ
۾֮ܿòѧϰȻҲһݡһػ̫ôһȦӼ㣬鶺Цʧء
Ǹǳҵõ˹͸Ц⣬ձѹ鷿С
鷿˭ܽĻû˿϶û֪̫
ܲɺײˡ⻨ǲģǵǼǰˡü˼ţʶ㣿ʶ֣дúÿ
ãȻ
ﶣģ£յҪǵ¡
ĵͷ
»٣ڸţʹҴˡǰԸ飬ЩʱҪעһЩĵİȫ
ģ
һžȻһʱᣡ
òװ۾ת
ĵͷԼţޣ׷˵ķʽǵŰ㡣

ոչ
糯ա
ӡ𽥳žڳȥڣԱǼ³ȥ
չýգڹԱ϶ǴЦġ
΢¶ֵһЩ
ȷԼûа㲻ԣһ㲻ڰ㲻ʧѭ浸˳ŹԱȥŽճϻеݣŽύ֧Ԥ
֮ȻСᡣ
ǰСҪλ鳳ܣµôӮة༴֪Ѵɵ׻ǰͱǲ׵Ƕʵҡ
鲻֪ʲôʱߵ˸ߣʺ򣺡ˡ
鱾ǳЦػˡ
ЦЦСŮڼһЩʱգҪţȥС㡣СºͣǲϰСŮӡ
⻰˼ǣŮŮŮôûУ
麬ЦСŮ߶üعС㣬˵ҪͻС㡣⼸Ӳãˡ
Ϻ꣬˵úһ
֪˵ѣοͷǱ˵ɡҪڵ²١
˵ǲָӼ棬ָӺ¬ҵ¡
Ӧһת档
ֿ䣬Ŵߡ
˴ϣһаͰࡣ
վһˣұվһˣݽ׼Щʱ౾ϵһһܽ㱨ҪӾߵģǺܿͽˡ
¶糯ģ糯Ͽûôս˶¡
Ѹߣɡ
գ޽յ£Ժ¬ˡʵٲ죬˵΢һ㣬û
µĳͷ
д˻֪ģйԱ˽ˡ¹ػܣѰԱÿݡ赯ٳͬţԹٱд
ˣ˭뵽飿
ѵ˵ǻ͹ѹסͷ¬ˣ
͹治ɫվǶͷ
Ѱ˼¬˲ѧţ϶ǻĵ֮ԡʵۿ̨µֵ̿¬ѧʿֿ⼸˵¬ìܵĹԱ
Ժ¬˵Уæ£ޡ
ʵ۲Ȼŭָͷ·¬ˣޣƣѧӿѧʮ꣬뺲֣볯ãΪ֮³ıߣѧʿ֮λѧӣʲô
ʲô
¬˴ͷϢŭ򲻿ﳼӡ
Աһ̧һ¡
ʵۼ¬˰ûʡӣͼȡɣŭǰһѧѲ¬˿ɻǵã
һ˶ãȻġ
ǰѲ˭
һοƿÿ½ʮˣһˡһռ֮һڳƷϹԱ۵ģǹٻӵܻѧߡ
Ѳδ̫ͨͨȫǲס
·¬һʱһ£ûѲ˭
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Ժڶ࣬޼ǵú̶Ŀ䳬ȺгԺĺ̶鰮䣬ɼǵѲ
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ʵͣԼࡣ
̶˶٣뺲һ£ŮͻңڼԾ
Աϡ棬ͽʮ壬ո뺲֣νǰ;ͻȻԾǺֵġ
¬ڱһ¡ˡ
ʵǰ˲ͷ¬ˣѯʣ¬ɼˣѲΪʲôģ
¬˶ſ˵ϣѲԾġﳼδܹúԺ
̶û˵
ʵƮô˵ѲŮʮ꣬ˣҶͼǿдؼУ
¬˲̧ͷԴﳼӾ޸ɳ˵Ȼ££Żޣܸɳ˵Ȼ¡ҪǸɳ˴˵Ȼ£͹С㶨»£
йԱ̲סˡ
ʵ̾˿
ŭͻأȥҲͻأ˵ҲǡôŲ۹⣿ϻĵҲֹһ˵ʮҲ̫СˡŮڶ࣬һ룬һʱǻͷ
Уеأ°УУĲңҳ֮һ±ϲ顣Ȼ˷磬֮ϱȻҡ
ʵ۵ͷ˵öԡ±㽻°˰ɡ¬ѧֶǲ壬괺һ£ҿǽ̶
ô˵꣬òһ̶鰮䣬ҪٸŪд౾дһǧ֣һǧǷϻģ͸޻ؼдȥ
̶ߵлңл£
鴹ۣţǲģ¬ˣ¬͹ĻҲûˡ
ֻǣŵĵ˭
˭ܹ˵Ϊ¬ء


 20 

ڼѧ
ǰ⻭۾ܿˣöѧһ»ʱͼֽ˱ˣ˾Ϳ԰ͼֽ⻭Ҫһֱڵ
Ŀ귽ʽĻꡣ
Ȼһԭ򡪡ܸоǷ̫ڳĻ滭ˮƽΨгѧͯŻ̫
ëʣѧúܲס
̵̻ˮīˮīҪһҪëʡ
겢ûкúë֣̼ܰʣÿؼ붯ߡӵһëֵĸģ첻ò򵥵Ļߡߡ߿ʼ
ϵֲﻭϾֲܴڣ̼ʹյġ
ڵĿ࣬ǰ͵ʱӽˮ
Ľһ軨Լǰһ߰̾һд
ȻһĻߣ
ʹֽӺīơ
һʹ󣬸ͼԼĻߣٿǰĻȾ÷·ݿҧ徣˻۾
ⲻϳ
Ŀ˿ֽֿԼϵıʣһֽá
ǵֽΪ֣кིܶеֽΪܹ洢һЩʱҪ벻ٳϲϲֲЩΪȾÿɫҪضֲȾɫ
ǻðʽҪһҪֽҪ͸īһҪֽۡϰֳֽܷɶ֣;ࡣ
Ķֽ˽٣ǽͼĹֽϰˡ
˾ͺˡ
ĲûдͼǰĻ
档
ѧ˻ˣܻеġҪһʲò׵Ĺɹ̫˷ѡȻ˫ۣȻУܹҪʲô顣
һֽ꣬һšķ±ʣٽһֽ鵽һԣס񣺡
һſհֽǻһֽ
С㣬۾Ϣˡ鷿ѣүÿȥ
ԼǰһƬңһšȷʵϢ
ͬϢǰѸɵֽ£һܸ˼ԼС黭һģͬǰ꣬ʱ䲻ǿԺС
˳ֽʶҪϴıͲҺ£ղϳô
ػȷʵϳաү˴˻û˵ʲô¡
Ӧ
Լ·ûմȾʲôī㣬Ѱˮϴֺ󣬴飬ǰ鷿
鷿黹ųλд֡ͷȾںڣù·ϼûκӣ㣬ǼΪ
û̧ͷƽ˵һЩ˽ºġ
⻰ʶǸŮ˽ģ˳£鷿һϡͷŵۼ˳鷿Ĵһˡ
Ѱλ£ȸ鿪ڡ
ϳλȻŭǰԺһλʿ¼ȥ˺Ժ¬ˡ¬ĸף괺ǵĲ¡ƽ½˰˰漰¬ꡣ
Ȼ뵽ԼյǷš
£
鱾ý֮ϵԼŮ˵ɼоôһŮҲһθס
̧ͷƳ۸ģλ֣С¬ҹӻ»洵Щʱڼ£ҰԼ
ĵͷá
СԸѣˣǹС㡣˵⻰ЦһĻºһ鷳
˻û˵˼û
Ҫǣ˭ţҳǰһɰͨⳡɰָ¬ң
ԸЩʱעЩҪ˼ɺͷ˸źӡ
Ӧ
֪᲻յڶšԼǻģֻ֪ʲôʱ
Ůɣһ뿪ĵ꣬ˣ
ļԸȤģԼͷ˵˳¾ǰնǮ°ղ義㡣Ҫ׬Ǯ˵ӪǱҪŪùءҪֵҪ׬ͨյӪǱҪŪйʵԵֲꡣ
ͷǡ
ļ˵ԼĹ滮߻ȸġҲʼҵ⣬ǰΪáҿԻһЩͼֽһЩ֡Ǥ塢廨ͷϸڻδá
Цһӣ
ĵͷǿ϶Ҫġ׬һЩǮԼȥһӡ
Ӽ۸񰺹󣬾ͨ¡
Ц̣ĵǺܴ󡣡
ĳŸЦЦȷʵˣ̹һЩ˻㣬̲סҪ̤һֻţͷ̽һߡߵͨߣ߲ͨ㻻
˿ڣҪԼ׬Ǯһӣһר˰ƹѡͷһʱҲźʵˡ
æͷá
Ů˵£øȥԼ£ȥæϸһЩ̫ã۾ͷҪͷ
Ӧ
ͷʺãڶͶΨһֵǣ˫ۿɼʶҲͨˣʺȴһζûټ
ȨŮżۡݲߣǰȥμʱһϸġ
Ĳ֪Щôģһɻ󣬺ֽܿЩɻѹͷ
Ҳ۹ȣͷùﵣġȰ˵һ
ŸģӦһ
ˣǶ֪ʲôͷԸ̾վ˵㣬֡ǶԵôȡ
˳鷿תͷͽԺȥ
ԼСڸһԺߡ
һСΣ·ϡ١ٹһ¾ǳϦйĺɫδϣûʲôա
һֱߵԺУſں˵ǸǸɡ
ػǣСûǼ꣬ϱȽ䡣ǴؼˣϳǼС㣬ֻү͹˹ڡ⻰˵СԼС˲ϲ
û˵ʲô
ߵԺУվڸӵرߡ䣬Сͣ۵ָϡԺвԶֲЩݸʢʢÿݵĿݡ
һܿõ״̬̫ˡ
תԺӱϵȳԼȥ
һ˼ˣҾͻؼҹꡣ
Ҳ֪ϼշС
˵л߽һתԺӷ⧲ӭĸġǻæŸ񣺡С㡣
ӦһŲûκͣ١
ۼԶ˿СƢ󣬶۶Ǹ¡ǻһۣ̲סԷ˵ʲôУԵץ뿪Ƶġ
˵ве£
ûͣŲӿ죬ܿ뿪ԭء
ۻصԼ䣬ֽ鷿Ը飺鷿ţֱСЩҪæ
鵱Ӧ£ǡ
һ¹Ϧʱ䣬øü
յĸɻ͹ͷһݺ                        
ߣⱾе̣ΪдϵУ͵ûʲôࡣ

 21 

峿̫һĨ졣
𴲸Լװǿ黻·
ɥС㣬һ紩װʲô
ѧŸ·ŽŲȥ㶫
ǰܷ㣬¸ͻӻڸ֮ҪʲôԺ˵븮Ϲ¹ͨЩǸϹ²ĶʱԼûĥʲôֱӴ
Ҫ˽ͷҪҪš
鴩װ¶ܣǴʲôװͷֵֹġ
⳶˸ڵ㡣
黹ǲ⡣ôװڵˣţŮװʹװһϽ֣˻˵ʲôŮͷ¶ĶУô͡
СѾͷ챻磬ȥﱨĹûУֻܴװüԼСקţС㣬үСЩӶڼúôŵġ
Ӧš֪
ĴӦʵС
ԼСȫûת̬ȣֻſ˻ǿҪϵšĴӦһ㣬ɹţͷȥ
ǰͷѯʣСǳȥʲô
︵ǰ˵һӽǶ˹ǰһδоɣ
Ȼ֪£ԣǵġˮ·ÿ¶һŹټҵĴһϾԻرࡣӵúܣʲô˶С
һвûУ
ЦйٱֵأЩҲȫġ
ԾԼС㡣û뵽ƽţ۾պõò࣬ڶسžֱӼϰ˶С
ѹҪװ
⴩ݻȹӣĻܼȺУ
鵱С㣬еġǶû͸ϸ˵
Ŀ飬Цۣûµģ򲻶˵ˣйٱֵأܰȫġ
鼱ˣǰȫȫ⣡Щ˼ˣȥȻҪܵҲ˰⻹ǮѰȽȥ㶫أ
ֵľˣ
飺
úܾ
ԼСԼûа
òСϸһĽ׼ƣС㣬ǻĵŮǹټӵܡϲݣү˵ˣƹ½ءٺ»˰в˾Ĺϵ˵ҪүӣĹô׾ͽӸأ
ãȻô
ͷүȨЩֲ顣ھ⽼רֲֳõľͱȥͷȡµطǵԺġ
һѾı顣
ŶĿ鿴ˡ
õӸԸҪȥֵģЩ֪ʲô⣬ûֵӣ˳ֱ˹ϵνӣǲˡ
Ǹ԰ԺϲͳĶ
ѹԺûʲôƷ֣ƷЩߵȫǵһμôһĥľԼô򷢡
ȰС㣬ǾͲҪȥͷ˼ˡͷҪǳ˸ô͸Ͻ
룺ɵܽӸҵġԼȥǸҪҪһЩǲˡ
һ£ǸΨһŮʲôҪģ
Ŀ飺Ϊ°Ϊһ֮˽һ֮˽ҪԼǮԼ·ȥ򡣡Ͼ͸˵ҪԼһӡ
ϰ˽׼ֻӣԴתһãȻǻǮЩȥҲа
У˽гûʲôô
û˵Ĵ㣬ǵͷԼɱײ˶١Ҫ˾Ļ꣬·ԼиӺ鷳
ܿ쵽Ŀĵءͣ²ò֪ģС㣬˵ǽȥġĶ
Ĵ³ˡұǡ
֣ǡ
Ĵһǳ飺ԸغЩ˶ӣȫûˮġ
齫Ǯպã˸ģСӣô֪ôࣿ
ͻȻĹĳƺЦǰζȺһ¡ԼȺУ˵ʲôĻʲô¡
⻰еۡСУΪ۾üˣ࿴Щ߰ĵطʹĵͷǲͬҲЩڸĶ߶߶

ǵϿ΢ϰǴһغһ˺ܶࡣ
ӵڶ࣬ܿ·֧˲ʱӡԶغһ·ŻӴˣϳٽߡ
ŮٶУӶ˹곤һЩڽŮӶģŮ࣬Ů١ò﹫еġ
Χ˵ٻ˲࣬ҪɤӺ˻ҲСЩй;ԸӵصѹڼͷȴֻΪһС⧲Ц
ģһСӣһǮ͸һףǵøǶ˺þá
յֺƷϵǲͬġе֪ôֵĲ죬ֻǶţ˫
ûᵽֻ֣üͷŬԼС㡣
鰡飬ʲôɫУ
µһڼۡ¾ȥ˰ȥ۸һ
ӣһôд֣ϼѰ
ߵٶȲܿͿ˹ټҵ䴬
ǿطһȺţͨչȥϲ֪ʲôһһڰˡѲߵĸһʿйڿģǳ⣺ʲô
ɨһۣܿͽԼ䵽һǰ
ǰҲ٣ĶߣмһӸ˽ܼ򵥣ܳ԰ұȫʯͷĩܳ԰
߹ȥ˿Դ棺ʯͷĩʲô
ʲôС˳Կϵ۸һ롣Ҫȥʾ֪ˡ˸˰һӰ׺ķۣǮͷûŸ̧
ұ߷ĩʯͷзĩɫ졣ǸĴԼ˵ǿĩжߣĿЩܳԵģʲôϡֵô
˺Цһ϶ûͣӴϡɶȥСǵһɣʲôԺʱڣˣˡݣԺ裬Ư
Цܶ
̧ۿһ¸ģǣҶĿɶࡣ
ÿֶЩҰּڴϡͿڴóһ֧̼ʡ
˱һ£⡭
գۣôˣˣۣһˣͷԺ
Ա߲Զ͡һ
ЦһĪתͷȥ


 22 

Ӹ飬ǰ߸Ӹһأһ鸴ӣ԰󻪹ЦȻǸղЦˡλǳмˣǰӵġ˿ϵ񣬻롣
Цע⵽ĵߣæ֣ԴǸ⣺СӸղŵĻŷ·ҳġʵûסЦߴһЩǲ
ÿһģһ;ҳ
ĻȻĻȷʵ
ҲǸ⣺ɣѡֳÿģҸ򼸽
ɸӣҪô㿴ĸԼٿԸͷҸ˵ǶǮҪǿǰϴ·۸񲻷ƣµҪ
Կգ˰ˣȥµĶһһȥš
Ťͷקһ˹شȥˣӡ
ЦĹӸһǰЦӯӯڣҪķЩұЩһۣҽá
ºϸ壬ƺеѹɤ
˸һʴ⣺ϡ
˸Ա߹ӿۡ
ۺܿ챻һӸλղ鸴ӵĹӸͻȻ֮䣬ס˸ĵߡתͷԼͬ飺ҪҪȥٿ
áϻȥǹºͻػ²Ϊ
ôźҪ߸ʧЦ
ļԼȫǰӣüתͷɰɣżȻһԺ˳ɲ档
ӽǮܿ͸ĸǣתͷػȺС߶˲䣬תͷֳ˱Ӱۣܿջߣ֣ܱôкЩرصĽŲͬʱ
ջߣģյĶߣС㣬ղʮӺʮ
һ٣鸴ӣ
õģΪʲôĽŲˡ
ĳЦЦӷˮͦáйˡ
˺Цһ⻰¸һӡ
һӣȥԼ۲ĶɹصϣһƳ롣
ߵĽŲУĪĻ䡣
˿磬̫ãжʺҸ¥Է
ԼѡõӣȷЩǿɲֵģ£ںáǼ㣬֪˲ӵļ۸񣬻׻֪һЩֲļ۸
ԵרݵĻ̿
һҳûʲô㻹ʣµǮָڸ
ûˣ飺ô֪λʮӺͻ
ѹǼʮӵģֻЩûججǲˡǻʺԵʺ˵Ĺϵʮӡһԡ
ĺܴһʶȥҪ˵ʲôϽ̧֣õã˵ɻˡ
ԼС̴̬Цһ£ʮʮɻûãϥʱӣ൱û뵽˽ﻹһظûϳ
ĵ˵Լҳú͵ﲻô
ЦģûʱүͷѽС񽥽ͻȻ棬ʮһ벻ġ
ľҲǣ̾˿
ûΪӶ𾪡ʵ۷ǳӣ»ӹڶࡣھֵϣȥʮ˸ǹˡ
ȺձյΪ̫ӲǻģλʮĻӡڶ֮һƴ缫һʱһة裬÷Ϊʷһةࡣ
ûԼôʮӣû뵽ԼʮӻôһԨԴڡŮʷ֣ûҰʷ˵УҲ߰Ĵ⡣
ȻŹѪ
鲻׸Ϊʲô̾Ӳ˲࣬ĴѯʣСɻô
һ飬ʵڲ֪ԼѾԴճʲôΪʲôҪɻ飿
ЦһһΪСĽλĽءϾղСмֻСѾͷ
Ĳһ㣬飺ҾĽǡ
Ǻ췴ҲûĽ
ĺһǳ˿ڹûʲô˵ġ
û˴С㣬ΪʲôҪԼǹ
İ֣㲻
飺ȷʵͻȻԼô£
ܿ쵽һҾ¥˳ţСҪ˸¥
ܿɾĵ·Զ԰¥Լ¥ԶڳǺ⡣
ò͵˲࣬С̬൱ЦӯӯкҪʲôǵյһʵ㣬Ҫһζ
Ӧһá˷ݵĳʳŵһЩʲôͲô
СſڱһϡƮ㣬óԵľľظ⣬Ҫһôɿڣһҧȥ϶𣬳˿ƿøΡж֣ĲҪô
˵úһ
Цã
СЦӯӯӦҸһ磬һأһСͺƳɲ
Ӧˣɡ
Ǯͷһˡ
С˫ֽӹǮϲЦտлλүúͷ³ȥ
ЦòУС뿪˵ԭͷô档
ͷС㣬ԺԶߡôˣȻͷʵڻŵúܡһСѾͷûѧ䣬һԴ˶ûá
ĺӦһ
»ص»˵
ǿ¥Ĳ٣ж¥ľ¥˾£һٷˡ˺ܿԶŵһøĶӸˡ
ﷹһóԣɾǵвͷա
ľͷľɫԷǱڸϻЩ
Сܹûźˣĵ赹ģ˵ԼҾ¥ƹǽˣζƫ𡣵ͷһ仰ٽϵ˶е˾ǣھ˻
ĶαʷϤѽտʼһѰɡ
СЦɲǡڳŹˡƹֵܼҵĹӸ磬ǿǰԺǹټүˣƴġ

ƾٿҪ켸ҹģˡҲ֪ôͿһˮƽ
ոѾܲȥˣû뵽ײʮӣȫǷ衣
ӺܱȴӼһľظŵĿŴ⣺˰ܹ붫ǰ㾪޵һʻʵ˲ļȥ
ҪǻţȻܴļֵ
ʮӿҲǸˣ迴Ҳ⣬˵˶λǰڱᡣ
ͬ
̽ĸ£Լһӹζ豭һڡɨ·ˣһ۾Ϳˣۡһڽˮ


 23 

ˮȵǺסˡ
Ͻͳ־ݸԼС㣺С㣬û°ɣ
СڱԴðһʺţܿ췴ӦŶǸװĴҹ㣬ѹֿúܡôһ꣬Ҳæ豭ߣҸһ
ҿţ΢죬ۿһˮð컺ԴԻĻû£û¡Ǻһ¡û󰭡
ɿȲҲŵ㰡
˵ʲô
ˡֻˣ˭֪һÿ˳УǺģ˲Ϲ룬ϹҪ顣
û¡̾ҳԱˡ
齫־պãԱ˾ͺáЩЩȥ϶ȼˡ
ĵͷָϽҡͷ̧к飺ٳȥ
һĪôô
з衣
Ľӿֳ⿴ȥ
˵󲻴˵СС˲ϡ档ɾôһˣʮġһ˲áùԼû
贩ͨɫۣϴøɸɾúÿȺ൱ۣ۵ֻɨһ۱ץסߡղſʱ򣬷Ǵӽͷ߹ңңܼ¿ʱ򣬷˽βֻӰ
ϣγһ㵭ĹȦ·˼װµ߹ڽŻ࿴ۡ
½߶΢˻ΣεøͷëڹΡ
ҪǾ˶Գ֣»һ˳֣
Ȼһˣʮ
ŷıӰ鶸Ȼ䡣
ϲݣеһӳ羴˲űţһ̶ʮôŨīزʡ
ԶջߣԸڴں˵һˣȥһͻظ
Ӧ£ǡ
¥µɺȻͷ䵽˾¥¥ϡ
鿴һӽע۽˷üĵĺϣ˶һ¡תȥ뿪ŲֻߵߣԼС׼뿪
һĺ鱻ʮӺͷϳɻˮȴ룺˿ƺǷԪ
Ÿϳڻظ·ȷһС㣬ղǷԪô
ĲӦһ
׼ţ˵ͷ̫ˣüһ죬ʵ̫ķˡ

˺ܿ뾩һءǰȷ֡
ҵкЩ֣⾩Ǵǰȷͷȷһȷȷ˼ӣǳΪġ
˵ط˺ӣ
³飬۶̾С죬ͷߵͷһСͬһһꡣ
Ļ궼СֻĶͺгࡣ
¶ȱͷů͵öࡣǽһŵľܣľϰڷԡԸ߼Ϲڶëͷףߴߴиֵͣúܡ
ƹһվһӺɢɢ߽Ŀˡ
һž͵õƹңңкСʲô軨ݻȤˣǸϼš
п˿ģò쵽࿴ۣ߳Ӿż˸ġ
Ĵӵδʲô֬ǿСƹ˵ǰǱһģЦߺСٺÿҲû϶󡣸ջǮɱˤ˰
ǿ˸Ц뿪Сӵ÷ɿ졣
̲סЦ
ƹƼЦСЦҪֻüžϹӡ
ûʲôΣ·ϺõϣһܿڴǮƹΪ׬Ǯʲô˵ڡŸĳÿſھ
ڸߣпڣҼСԸϲݣС
ƹЦݲ䣬ʹͷֹСܶʲôСȴӦˣϣϵֱ˵ͳɡ
ԴɨһڵĻݡ
ӲǿھǵӣͷʽԶУƷ඼á˶Ҷɫƫ٣Ǻɫɫһ࣬ŵҲϲ졣лޡ
ô컹лţײϿҪ꣬˭ָͷ
Ŀô࣬˼軨ԳԤܿһЩ߳ϦĻͷעԼƹԸһЩ͵
һڣĶסˡ
֪ԼҾַ
ڱϿٲϣ͵Ǹϡ
ܱΪܹôҡƹЦúãС۹ⶾʮĶ
ƹļ١ֻ˻ͦˣ˵һ䣺Ҫмźÿ÷ɽ裬Ƶİ׵ĺģЩһ軨ö࣬һɫһͳɣúÿ
ƹӦ¡
ǻ鸵ĸۡϻݳ̶ֻũйġƾ׬һʣҲ֪СǺͷ
߲Ÿöתͷֳȥ
ƹЦԼϼˣѽ١ȻҪͮͮģϲ
˵꣬ע⵽ˣ̧ͷЦӴĶĴСӣ
ȸߵĺͨе㴭һҴӡСܵƹǰ̨϶ңһһӸ磬㶫
ƹЦӴǮֵǮλӸ磿ôԸɱС˳˭ҹӸǮ
˵ŽҴ򿪡вһֽֽдŶʮֻ
ͨ˻ԼλӸ˵Сÿһֱֻ͵Ǹϡ
ƹסǸ
ͨ죺ǰǸ˵ԣֻ͵㻨ԱĽ֮⡣ȹ֮գǰ򸵼Сס
ƹ񿴿ֽղðĹӸ硣
ף
ѵ˵һΪ׷С㣬ŷ׷ϲãֲ
ֽǰֻȻǸղǹᵽġ÷͡ɽ衱
ƹ˸ۣе㲻ӲߵĴСӽţλӸ糤ΣƷΣǽýŵⶪӡһ˸ǳԲ˶ߣͷӶûˣ
ͨƲ죺ûȱ㡣
ƹĥٸֽͻʱĥšͼͣĪָ֮ҪףҪμӵԵĹӸ硣
ϻȥ͹źͻǶˣġͨƹԥȭƭƹ
ƹȻ֪ͨܵ£ϸźͨƬ̣úͨºƭǮɣҸ͡ͷ˻ҿɲǮ
ͨӦá
СһҴִҴߣŲQֻԼа˳߸ߣڰ㱨ӺɷҪõˮ֮ӿȪ౨
ߣϹ¿ʼvvĸ죬ÿ962¡⣬Ҽǵղޣлҵ֧֣ǵĶľҵķǮôôౣ
psרԿҾģԻԶУȻСһ㣬мƪ黹ܿģ

 24 

ڻظ˯ˡ
һ, ˴, һǶ񿺷, ȴˡ乻ĵ, һƣϯ, קܹΡ
ξݽ֯ͷȫɫĻ, õֹס̡
һ仨, ӻȵһ仨ʱһдȻѣ˫ۿԼܡ˯ˣüͷ, ͷһһ, ˯ܵöࡣ
ͣ£˫, ãתȥ, С㡣ˣ
ĵͷ
ͷС, ˡ
г, ƿӵȸ
ĳ, ӭͷϾǶ磬סһ¡ͷ̫û£Ȼûʲôգġ
ǹǰ㶼
䰡
Ĺ·, ԼҸſŲ
ţһͷźݸ顣齫ϣС㣬䡣Ҫȥţͷ
Լ͵ܣ飺ͷɡ
Ӧ¡ڸŸĻȥ·ϣ·۷Ըˡ
ߵ·˵һǲĶȥ
Ѱʱ϶Ӧȴǻؾ˸ĵķԸСС۾ҪҪǷСȻŵڡ
Ҳһ죺鷿ȥ
ſڴӦǡ
Ļص򵥲ϴšһֱ˯£͹ﶼûģһ¾ôȥˡ
ǰδ־ڴ˯飺飬͹û˵ʲôô
渵̺ô´С㡣ү͹˶˵ԺҪǵôϻ
СԴ뱻УҵĽôûˣ
ЦС㡣Ҫǽ͵ܣү͹Բٽ㡣İȫҪ
ĵӦһ䡣
һҲҲϦһЩƷͳȥɡ
иͷð븵͹޺ô죬ʮӷ򸾣裬ͷǡˣٶƣ롣һۣ˯һǲġ

һ졣
ġ
Լж·ȥԺ￴˿Ӻ͸ֻݣȷӲݲûͼĵأȥ˸ժ˻
˸ֻ߰ټĲɻ
ڱϰԼСһӣС㣬Ҫʲôѽ
ļժԼƯĻҶӣһһСķУյһɵĻǰûָɻԡ
̽ͷҪɹôɹɫûˡҩĻɿŶɫġ
ӦǡɫǿȾɫ·ȾɫɻҲСȻҪȷ䱾ɫȫܱǱ㲻ҪȾɫ
ǰɻҲʱ̫ԼЧ̫öϾһŸɻǶ޷ȷĶ仨ɫΡ
ܿˣʲôԡ
˵ɻ棺պЩȫɻô
ġšһ
ϸѡ˲ټΪͨȴúÿĻԼװ˸ѡȡ˲ҶӺϸ֦ŵС
ժò࣬ĲŴۻص鷿ȥ
ղĶѷ鷿Ľ䡣
Ľӷϣӽ﷭ҳԼҪĶ˵Ų裺ҪЩеˮȥҪһкܶࡣ
̽ͷ濴Ķ
ȡһӣȡ˲˿˿ӽҴһңšæǵòɹ̫£ҪͨõĵطҪѡһЩ겻׵Ļ
ѧŸĵĶְæ
ȡ˱ƽչƽͷϵ·ľңϷҶӡ
Ҷһɡͷѡÿãÿı㶪ˡе䣬ҲŵͷĶ顣
Ӧ£á
ȡ˼ܱչޣװʯɳӡʯɰɰɳӻһ𣬿Գ䵱ʹáЩʯΪҩģ겻һǡɼˡ
ִֶĻѧѧһ㣬ˮƽ׶εˮƽͷЩ֪̾ôһ졭
ˣ˭뵽ء֪ôһ죬һ¸øɵĻǱʷ顣
ڵ룬йһʯɳӣȡ˼仨ŽȥᣬЩˣڹͷĻҪ㣬겻׵ġȻɳӲһͻˣͷȡÿûá
һԾ̾С
ЦһȷЧãֻϣһֳЧ
һչܷãŵȥ
ǶʪԸﵽԼҪЧĴæµ һСģԤƳϦǰϡȽֱ߻ݶˣǲɻҽĻԸ᳤
šС㣬ɱŮˡ
Щգֵʱʲô档ӣʲô档ͺЩīһѧͱǻᷦζѧɺ׳ڳ£μʫͷǱú档
ŻúеС˵ǡ
ǰ飬Сϲ˵ֻй뷨ܶࡣڸ󣬰ûԼСɻʲôԡ
תۣ鷿ͶһɲľȹϲõѬŶˡŵĻһʢţɫ죬޽ۣǽ鷿˲١

࿴ۣͷԾеСȸԾŲϸʱ˲١
ϰ˽ŲŲı仯顣СѾͷȸԾЦͣŹһͻСǻƤĽ׶ΡĲǻ޷ġ
ע⵽ߣŸգۣСʲô
ջߣҺܸܿˡ
ЦҲܸСܿˣ
ţָǲһġ
ĸˣֻǵΪźСܿˡĸΪ˫ۣ˫ܵ硣
ܸϸ¸ܵϵɫʡġܸܵԼһֱϲĻݣܴ˿֡
Ц൱ºͣͬǹӣӲӵķմȾȫӨ͸ݱȫǷ֡ǽûһճ
龪̾С㣬ѩˣ
ʶ⡣
Сܵȷһ£תͷĸ˺ţģѩˣ
ѩ׷ꡣѩǸͷ
Ժֲ겢ÿһܿѩ΢΢ɴۣԺ
ЦС㣬ϻ԰ģɱСǸ
ĻȻͷȴɴæҾȥۡ
ѩϲѩ
覵׺֦ͷϣ


 25 

֪Ժֲȷʵר, ⲻԼĻ, ѩ
鲻ԼС㶳ţæҳɡ, ɡڸͷϡǵѩر, ѩɲʺܣͷһů, ͷ·ʪ͸
ԺεȹӴһߵһˡ
ϵѩ𽥱, ̬Ǵڶ̶̼ʱڸظһ㱡ѩ䵽̨ͤ¥ǽ, ԵøÿֺÿоϸưĶȴֲס
ɫ۵ɫĺϲ
С, ÷ҪˡЦź͸˵š
ĿԺӵǽǡ
һԺӵֲ, ÷һ꣬ر, ˽, ϴ׺ź񡣵ʱɫ, ÿ
÷÷, ڶȺ, ɵɵֲ齲һˮµҲἰ
÷Сһλ÷ĵ£ΪԪ, ࣬ΪΪꡣ
÷ճѿʱµġԪºͨġࡱӾͱʾġǴһԲġꡱ
ڱϵ٩С㣬Ҳ͹غݵĶ졣
Ц
ȥĵ£÷꣬Ϊ帣顷ָ١õ¡˼Ǹ»ٵ²ȫ
Ͽ޵ĻԶֹЩһϲһ޲ýʾ֭Լĺȫ赽ϡĻŶص㣬̫ˡ
ϷЩϲࡢ̨ͷ÷Ҳáڱ˼ҲÿСԺﶼһꡣľԺнһ裬еµʱһЩ֪ʲôʱֻʽġ
Ŀ÷
ŲıתͷˡǰǶۡ
۹񣺡С㣬ǰͷȷһЩݣǷվͰϣ
һ÷ô
һ˼ƺûСȷƹ͵ģ˵ǵһ»ػ͡˻ǰСҪһ
ıڴԼĶŻһżһҲá
Ըۣǰͷ·ȥһ档
Ӧ£·
ǰдСרд͵ģСճдͨŵˡһԣͻϲǰںǶȿˮ
ֻǸĽҾȷӣƹ񲢲ͨ£ŵԵǰСȿڲ衣
ƹ͹С˵Ż
֪Ҫ鸮ѡոµϵ·ϣҶͻһ㵡
ƹϹҵЦݣԹ¹£λӸǰ򻨲ݣȫҪ鸮һλǼˣǸСӸ磬ͺᣬδʮһλ˺֪Ǻˣһֽ˵Ǹ͹š
½ƹ֪ϸ£ƹݹֽۣȷּȷʵչּһһš
ƹͷҵС˵뻰Ͼ͵鸮Ρ
½ֽϣֽһС㿴
ƹӦ
һǰСºƹȺ񣺡С㡣
ƹ͵һ۸ģһӾϳˣͷȻСӾǸС㣡
ЦЦûƹ˵ʲô¾ͽϵֽ͸ĹĿС㣬ȥĵڣһȥһ̣һЩֲꡣԷҪӸͻݡ
΢㶣ӹֽۡ
ֽд˶ʮֻݣֻһ۸ľϳݣŷ硣
ûɻһʲôŷ磿
Ŀּϳ컭С̫ˡ
ţ󡣡ڴɻȴºͺ͹ԼƹͣһϷʵ˵ʱڵţضĻոˡ
ƹȻԭʱĻ¼
ļͣʱշֳɶʮĽʮʮֻǴСʼжʮĺ򡣡ÿʮһÿһ򣬻һֻʢ䲻̶Ҳд
ԼϲĸסҪһϲˣȻĵôһмڻݵС
ԡ
ֽٿۣǰлŷ˵ڶôϸҪٹ²ůһЩʱŻ̶Ļŷ˵ԻŷĽֻȷȼֻ
ƹ˼ڶʾţ˵λӸ㹦֮ʱС㣬ʱ䣬ƺǵ֮󡣡
ӻʱ³š
ĩǰҲ˵׶ĻúӭԽ
̧ۿƹ΢ͷ˵ŵ˻ҪμӴǵˣܽԣҹͣ
ƹ֣Сľһ£׼
ָдֵֽֽȸϵֽҪֲһЩŲǮ˻õġźͻΪ԰ŵ˼Ϊŵĵز
һ˲뵽˷裬ȴֲȷš
ڲżꣿΪʲôô֪ʮķŷһ飿̫ô£ϻؽӴӲ̫
ֻһ档
ԣҲԡ
˵˵˼ΪƣͬʱҲһļƵˡΪܹôߵλãԼܹõĵطõ˼¡裬˵ôһˣҾƶȴƶԸ¬ңֻǷ衣
׼ҪȢǷǸϹӣǷǸ䣬ǶҪ
¶˵Ǹߡ
³˳ϧļƱõͷϣ־ʧͿֻš
Ǹƭӡ
С㡣Сڱһ
ڸԼֽ£ҪͱˡģΪʲôҪȫŵԺЩʱͷƹˡ
ƹøС鲻áٶ񣬲ҿڻ˵ԽĻͷͷ
ĵ߻δֽܴŲС÷
ƹӦ
ڸֳòǰǱķ綳΢գһ˫Ưĺüһۡ˳þȴԨħޡ
ҲһЩ÷ʱһ͹ķԸôһ
ƹĵĿֲǲϲͷֹϻӦ£õĺõġ
¼Ѷ£ϽѸģС㣬ѩ䡣űǡһǲ˽Щݰںãв
ĳͷ飺飬ǻȥ
Ӧ
ĽŲתͷƹ񣺡ɼˣ
ƹһ£ˡ
ĵͷֽ֣ҡ
¹ԹϽ˲Լͣûһֽ
ĽֽקԸ£ҵǶֻ˵ЩȫҶġ
ԥ⡭
Цӯӯڸ߿ڣյĻС㶩ģСҪ÷һҲСͺƹ񶨺õġЩȫƹ̵񡣡
ƹ컬࣬˼ͨ͸֪Ůͻ鴫ȥһ˫ֲźãæϣǣСĶ࣬ÿһǻ³ĸ
¼˶˵һ˼Ӧ£ǡ
ļ´Ӧ뿪
ǰ¹ºƹһۣ˼Ͽ䣬Щݡ
ߵ·ϣɡԼС㣺С³˭͵ûУ
Ĵۣ鵭ǲ³ˡ
һ֣ڸӺ棺С治߹үô
Ĳߡ
ǲɵġô꣬ƾŻòȻڳϸԼռһءǰҸʮӰӾѰ֮еӡ޸Ҳܵ
ظߡͣ½Ų飬Һ¡
ףҲ


 26 

ı̬͹²Ҫ߸͹, Ҫǲǲ
֪ԼСۼʹ, 뻹ǻѡ¸֪ȥ͹ﶼǴˣ֪, ǹ, Ȼᾡ˳˼
Ļصȥϰ֣ʱȥ
, ѧʲôܺݵġ
ҲãҲ, ּҲ, ѧһУҵĸ

¬ⱲӶûôǱ
ͷң·ѹۣǹ, ϵЬӸմѩ͡
ܵ, ôŹ𸮵ĴţûǰʱƷϵΪǺͺݶˣˣȾҵûʲô飡Ϊڸ, ôһѲûҪѲ
𸮵Ž, һ϶û
¬ԭͷͻѹȱƵñЩ˿ǻ, ధܳһ, һ᣺ҵˣôܿҵôȥ˻еİǶô
˵Ȱ˵¬ذɡ˲ڡ˵¹˻ܲˡ
ȫеȨƵĶ֪, Ժ¬˵飬ǻʵԽд²ġ˭λ¬Ͼ飬һȥͰܲشһ, һ顣ԭǰѲ˵İӣŲţ͸ָɣԱйᣬ˵ҲԼԼпƾ֮¡
˾ĵӣˮҲϲ͡
¹Ҫģǽ¬͹Ļ°ˡ
¬ţھţ飡ôܹܲأܲ˭ܹܣة࣡ԣҵةˣǿŰҺ͹˵仰ֻҪܾҸףҵԸ
û
˶һۣڶΡ
ȰȰˣҽţУ¬걯ߴţŹܹһӦֻҪһͺãԼû
ſڣͷ֪ĵȻ֪
ߵſڵʱ¬껹ͷš
ɺأ¬ĺѺ˻ƣߵƾ˭֪Ǻõģֻͷ¬šͷûڣ˭ҲҶȥˣҷ˽
վڣڸӣ¬꣬ˡ
¬Ȼֹͣţ͸ϲҽȥɡҪҹˡڱǶҸ˵ûμŮһ鶼ûУѲԼҪġʬٵġ
ߵŴŵԼ¬֪꣬㸸ײֹ顣
¬ɤӣãȻʹʲô飿Ҳ֪ΪҾֻȥӼ࣬ƾٶھǿ
Ϊ˱ӣƾٿ˵˲ܺ͵쿼κʦϵԷװ¬ѧһ㣬ƾȷʵҲÿƾٶھǿƿעֻͨڹӼా㹻ݣ볯͢Ϊ١
Ȼ㹻ǵ춨и˱µĻϡ
¬˺͹ڣ¬󵱸ٻûġϧǰ;⡣
㸸ΪԺѧʿЩɣѹȨƵĺԺˣǳ೼Ӷ֪¡ȥʾ֪֪¬갮Ȼƣٹע͢ϵ飬̲סȰ˵¬꣬ˡ˲ſˣԶס
¬ͷһƬհףֶ۵
֪ôǰĻԹܾð죬Ŵ˵ûκιְҳ˺Ļ֮⣬һˡ
ǹִ¬꣬Ҹ㡣㸸ײûг¡ҶӦҸ޸㣡
¬ͨ巢䣬ŶˡţȴֻܿһƬģҵĻ½֪ǾֵġҾҲҪ¬ҵţΪٻͷ
ͬ¬ģ⻰öģĵЩͬȫɡ
֮ûа飬һ㶼ûС¬еĶ壬ֻǹ֮Ůѡϲʲôʲô¬㲻˽⡣Լ׹ԨҲ޲ýߵһץȥ
Ϊ֮˵⻰תͷ뿪ţǾʹԶȥ
Ӧ
ߣۿͨ졣
ŮӶԼĻ³ڴ˭뵽Ļ»⸱ӡ
ߵ·ֱײԼ磬𸮴ӹ
ӺܸߣվǶͬһСɽһһǣŹԼ˫ͨʱǵͻ˲٣ﲻ޸¬ꡣĻ½ȥ鷳вļȥɽ󡣡
Ͼ˲û¬ң侮ʯġȻ˾ò³ɻһԼ飬˵ͲקһˤһЩ
֪
עŹ
˶٣һǰͷҪһӳǰɹšЩʱվҪҪҪȥ
סɹţ
ӦţóΣձȽ٣Ȩɢɢġ
ɢȥǽɢģȴȥɹţû»زĵط𾪣磬ô
ǡûЦһ仯㲻ϲģһˣԸѧϰ
˲
ԭƽææ⣬ղӰ綼֪ϲʲôһ굽ͷ˵϶ٻԷҲտڲԡ
ſڱտڷߵĻ˶൱ЦĻῼϲ
ûֱӾܾóĺ͹ͣ¬࣬ͷԼǳһ¡㻹ϲšձѹڸϣټһϲˣԶһЩԼӡ㱾Ͳϲܾھǡ湻ٻ˶Կ죬תͷ¡ҪҸĵӻ׺ܶࡣ
ҧҧ硭
ţ
ͷȥɹţ·ϸѧġ
Ӧˣ˵һʰǶȥ˵ǣ±СԣƹˡͬȻͬ⡣
˵գȥˡ
ǰű¬궢źȥģ治Ǹڳ
Ź뿪ŵȴǡӻȥȶ㡣
ɹŵľ롣
Զ
ԺҪ뿪ϤˣǰһȫϤĵطˡ
ղŲۿеﲻסˮϻ䣬׹ڵϣһʪˮ㡣ӣ˵Сίִٵ뿪һСǶ͸¶
֪ô˸ġ
ºȴˣŽʶûãʤЩСãΪȥһˡ
ǵϲģûа㳰ЦִĺһҲǲᳰЦѧĵˡ
͸䣬ãȻδ֪ɹУԺеĻ£Լϲġ
ʲôá
ֺ̧ݺݲһԼᣬԼǶȥ
ǰȥһ档


 27 


Сת۵
һ, Ӷǽ콫ӭһ÷
춯, ţС㣬Ҫ
Ӧһ, ӱ̽һֻ֡
˻䡣
һˮš󻹸żСѾͷ, дú̿ģú̿ŵС¯ڡС¯ûʲô̿, ˿Ҫµȼ
վǵĴҪŷ졣ϷԱǾס, ̿, ٻûգûˡ鳣븵ģղҪηŴ
ѣϽ·
·, ڱ˵ͷС, ͷѩÿɺ񡣹ɨȥ˵ЩԺĻûüɨ, ȥԺӡ
Ļǵ£ƹҪ÷
ŮǲףС, ҵ, û÷Ҫ
Ȼ⵱Ȼ÷Ҫ
ҵʲô
װɵ㣺ѵƪʫ, ʫͷʲôƷ˵лƽ, ҵǲȱǮҲҪŮӡ๫
ʡҪϷ衣
龪ˣС㣬ôʲô˵ûأ
ĺЦһûôˡֻʲô˵ģҽӪ׬ǮҾӡ
һ̤, Ÿºǻ˵ž֮ԡ
һʱҲǣҲǣһ뿨Ƕͷۿͷĸģ˵ʲôƻأ
һȺСѾͷƬӷ׷͵Ц
ĸϽԼĲŵ·ãкһ
һСů¯һصĺƤ硣󻹸ѾͷһѾͷǳŹģһѾͷȴǾڸߵġ
ôڹߣɻ
ȺСѾͷƬӣ˳ˣЦСˡȥȥ
һȺСѾͷЦųȥ߽Ÿϡ
Ѿͷ̶ù£˳˸ĵڹ䣬źñܵöࡣºů¯Ÿģոͣ⼸춼鷿
ĵë
һϴһ߻ŹﻰǡһͻطЪ£۾
ﴽǺЦš
ϴã
յĹº͵ûһˮֻںҶϴһˮԲ¡ˣͷɫʣŶڴ
ģˡԸ˵
˫΢΢󣺡
ˣʲôˣ
ǰˣ˵һ仰͸˵΢ǰ㣬ŸЦ̣ҪҪ֣
Сһ죬÷ûеϣĺϢȴһ˹кŮûȷȴҪĸȡ
Ĵûôһ⣬ɵվǶӰ
ͷ
ľ־
ЦӦǡҺͷԼãǷġڷ˲ڣְɡкҲãŮҲáҶһ롣
ҵڶӣ֮أ÷ȫļϵġȡ¾Ȼ鶼ûȨҪø
ǹֺãҲǹı̬ϣĸϣڽһãչһĺӡ
и÷Ŀӣ̧ͷЦÿ𣬡СԺ÷ˡҶ˵÷Ҳˡ÷ԢֺáŮӶá
һ飺÷
ЦӦиӰҲӰָ÷ҵҲԳơ
ǰпУڴµһÿĻݻȥǵһ˽ϲ÷һ֡
кŮϣ÷һηϺúң¡
й⣬ǵùӱնöࡣůãůùͷůĻΪˮ
ָ˸ں˳ĳŹˣŽ󣺡ǾͽӰӰһҲϲϲ֡Ժһˣһúý
ǻ֣ȡġ
ЦȡĻᶼûô
գۣȡ֡Ҫ֣ҲҪһ¡ǲŮи֡ϡ档
ĿɲԳƲŮҪǲŮŮӶܳΪŮʲôãרȡһ֣úȡһ㡣
ҡ֣˲ˣ̫鷳
Ц
ڵļѾͷټˣжЩԾնԸǣȴһŸܺúѧ㶫
ˣһˡ
渵ȡר͵ʳ
ĺ͹ú˻Ļݣĸмӭ»ݡţ¬ҵ顣
¬ǰһ׮ʿ˰ӣЩӹú⡣¬ǻ˸ס¬˵ײǺԺѧʿְ࣬Ȩߡ·鰸뾩ǽкҲֵ˲ࡣܺѲ˵ʣһһŮ͸Ϣģ˵˵ƫصˣ븵ȻͬӶޣһɥӵӴճһҡŮһֱѰ·Ҫ游ԩ
游ԩĵ˵һ䣬˽ϸڣѯʣô֪ģ
Ů˽䡣ﲢû˵Լô֪ģֻ̾ϢŰǶĸŮףŮⱾͲףһʬнѳɶ¾ܲһҪλŭû˻ȥλʿ
˷
Ըпˣǰͷ֪ǵͨ˭ð
Ƿŵ˳֣Ĳ֪İѵԸ¬ұȻĿĵġĿģﵽĸŮ
ĪӣȡϵĲһڡ
ｫ׼ĸǶƣԵ㣬ôԺô
ĸ⻰㱻ˮǺסϽ²豭ŸǶԵ㣬ȻͷôǧĲԼҵ¡
Цѽ
ЦЦţ˳ԼĻ˵ȥѽʲô鶼ԼǶҺү˭۲ȥ
ĺӦ£ָ֪Ƿš
˽ϲһ˼Ǻģ˷ա
ת˻⣺Ҫȥ÷ҴȡһЩ֦÷ܲɸɻ
ֵЩ鷿ڵЩôһӣǵ˶ȥɨ
ĸ²豭ЦӯӯЩҵ¿չĳЧȵ˳ϦҸӰҲһ񡣡
̲סϸСһﻹû˶ڴĵ˻˼ˡ
ķŹһЩǣŹߣڣһԷƽ࿴ٲЩġ
￴ŸģܿʫʫӰص
֪ܲĻ˼
ֻôϰˡ
ϰûзǰͷӣϰ˸϶ȡ
üۣ˳Ÿĵ˼Ӧһá


 28 

轫ԼϰĿҵ, ԼŸһ, ׼ȥˡ
鷿ССܰڷżӺһһΡֻܹһ߹, Եŵ߶ȵ, ѹŽǵ϶
·ɾȴ壬Ϊ˲Ū, һ˫ɫףȥ൱
⸸ƿ鷿, ۸û½ŵ, ͷ۳֣ҪȥѼ棿׼ٺȾƣи˿飬ͷô㣡
ЦǳոŶᱻ飬лҡ
ں, ƹ»ƲᡣƲ˹֮, д˵ĻͥԼÿĽ˰١صأǻʵ, Ȼֻضʱſɽں, ʬҲ, ȿղͳ
ֳ֮ص, Ȼᱻ顣
⸸Ȼ֪, ̲סһҲ֪ƶ졣
迴ԼףҪ˵˵£˵ɡ
⸸һ
֪ԼӴÿԼӲ³˼ǻ쳣ֲС, ʱЦˣ˼ӣͷתɿ죬۶ൽʤ
·ġ
վԼкãվڵ棬Ǹ
⸸ܷԼװһ㣺ˣҪȥݷԼصĵӣͻǧ˿ƹϵһȥ
ͷţϻغ˵˾弸ȥ
⸸ȡŵݸ裺㡣ͷдʱ䡣֪üֱŹ
ӵ鷿߳ù⸸ţ˳һ׵Ϊף̫ߣٱϲֵܱôԡȻ鷳
⸸ԼߣҺ޲һͭǣһϷӻݣ
⸸˵̺ڡӻС˵˻Թ˵ڹٳߵóԶԶǸֻֿ֮ͨڷԡýΪΪ٣˳
˵ĵǸǸɰͰһ䣺ǵóԷ⡣
ɨţû׵Ļ̧ͷ⸸Ц£á
һִ̽ڷ⸸ͷһ⣬û÷κα״˽Լף˽춹ģһһȫԼϡ
պã¶ԼϣȳԷ
䣬ͷȻѩ
⸸˫֣ͷΡҪ¿ƾٵһÿձȻҪ£Ҫд¡⺢Сʵ¶ʫʡ鲻óȴǿƾٴǱؿ֮һ
д£Ȼح¶⡣Ϻü˶ָһȦ׵úǷûʲôů͵˵ëһֱûãÿ궼
⸸Ҹ֡
迴˿Լ֣á
ֺƯҹǽڷȹЩʱճ׳͸ƯϱӶǸκõġŸģĲصС
Ҫȥˣô˶
ķ
ŷ⸸껹ϴ룬⸸ˡ
ƻصԼҪĸţһ磬ųš
ǵѩͦ񡣲ǾǣǮȨڶ࣬ȱ˴ɨٵϵѩ˸ɾʣһʪӡ·ϣǻӵľǡ
ʹתͷȥվԼżĳȥ
վſڣˡ
괩һףüȫȻװ£ڹ·Ź׵˫ֱϵ飬һ̬ƭˡ
֣⼸ɣЦʺһ䡣
ƳһۣĮ˾ߡ
¿˼СôװԱһִڵ죬˵˼Свѧõˣ
¿ɺ䣺֪
轫õڣһгЦųź¿ӻ֣Եټ
¿ƳԼͬšͬǶ˼Ž飬ҵвؼ
¿ȴţȻƳվӡ
ôӣÿжײִڵţ֪μҵ£ӱûѪԵϵĵܵܺͨʶˡ
ϻط֣ԼȥӱӱԼϢתͷȥղһȥ¬Ҿͽ˴¡
СС͵ڽô̶ʱڣǹԱĵжԹϵŪֽȵжԹϵϣǵ֮˿ԽԽΣա
Ҷӱ͸¶κιڷ£ӱ˷ᡭϷ衣
¿ûлӦͬŵĸ̾ĬĬվţѹԼ·һصʯʨ
뿪վž¥ȥ
Ǻܴ󣬴վ¥һξ롣
ǮȨˣֻۡܿԼ˫ȣ⾩ǵء䵽ÿһ쳣µĴ֪ﴫ㣬Ծ
ߵ¥ʱſ½½ŵˡ
һ¥δ¥ȫԼá
С¥һ۵С䡣
С¹ڳСղղһˡ
лڹӼú飬ؽʾ֭ٶˣΨеȵſԳҲίίղ˺üţǧ򻤺Լ½ύĺֵܡ
л軹Ǹ뾩ǵƶСȨƣиͬ㾩ǹϵ
ղյźһ룺֮Уֻл֪޹Сʲôʲô֪δᵽǰߵҲδܵ׷˼ľ㤡
䣬ղƹ֣òܶࣿ
ղͲЩΪ˸ϹԼϴºͽܶµõȨĺ̶ϲ֮ˣϲҪ齻˫ѹ֮£һƬ·ڻ¥޶˴¡
ǺһЦòС˵۾ˡ
豻Ц˵ȷʵö۾ղ˿ƣȷʵ˺ܶࡣϸϸǰӣΪ϶ͷţûϴμԹ԰
ղôֱֻӵλҺϸ˵һ¡Ҫֵģ͵ΪһΡ
赱£Լȵһ裬ϰϷʣƻûϣԲƣȾһСղ֡
ղһ衣
˵˭ȸ˶ԷһһôܹȽ¡󲻳һ·ˣҪʲô£ܹһѡ
ղԳϣȻὫ˾ܾ⡣
˵ȷϸϸһЩںԺ飬ֶ˵ƾٿӼ֮Ĺϵ
ϳ֮ˣǴӿƾġǣԺܶ˺ܶµ׻Ϥͷղ֪䣬ܽĶͷ轲䡣
Ȼ˵˵ž˵˺Ժ¬ϡ
ղһ˿⣺ѧΪĿĸвͬϹ֮֮ˣһȥһ¡¬лͷϡ
꣬¬ĴЩһҪһʱ
轫ղУ񣺻ͷȥҪҪţȻǳϦǰݷã͸͵㸵ҿϵĹ
Ļϲʲôأ
ݲݡ
ţ͸ϷӡϻıϿģǶŹϵŵı


 29 

¼ͷСϲ
ϲ, ˽һһ, ܿͶ֪ˡϹض֪࣬տʼ̫, һŽ, ȫûг͸¶Ըڸ͵֡
ļ, ԴסȫڸҪע֮ء
Ľµ÷ŵ˵ڶλҪǹʵ¿ܵ鷿ɻ, ǸĻῼȥǶ˲ˮϸʺġ
鷿ú̿յˮȥĸһЩ
ĴźصĻ·, ƵĶԽ£ˮĳȹͷع鲼ںͺ󱳡ѰǾѹ·, Ϊ˾Բи
ɱ˿, ֻãɫҲͦÿġ
۵ûͿĨ֬, Ǳú̿Ѭշɺ졣ںȶˮ, ž˾ˮҸеԡͷϼ򵥲ŵС, ʮƤ
ƤŮ˿רע, û˿Ĳ, ѡȡõĻɫ÷һһ֦ɷ뵽ʯɳӵĻС
ϻڷȡ˵ɻɻԱŵĸɻɫޣϻԭȵɫʡҷɵЩɫس, ԭʻҪһЩ
˶ԱȣĵȻѡøõķɻ
ź濴СķһһչޣٿŸȡԭȸõչޣѸɵĲĻȡһЩ
ĶᣬëʽϵʯɳһɨȥͬڶԴڼһ㡣
һɻάã
ֻܷźЩꡣüۣĺܴ࣬˾ͺ𻵡ɫὥ仯һЩҪţԷŸáɱȻˡ
ﻯһ󡣡
Ц
˵۽粻ӻ顣ҪɻǱڰܶࡣƫԭҪչʾص㣬òʧ
ִܶ˻ѡһЩɻֱһװΣ㲣ƿȥװΡɱˣѡֱһЩϺУװɻְ졣
˵Ĵ޾
Ķûͣȡһֽһֽ˺˵УȣֽֽˮҪһıֽͬҪˮͬҲͷһسԼϰֵֽֽ
ڱϿ档
ĵĶɾ䣬һӵᣬǳϾȵֽһУٽһ£ȷֽѴﵽԼԤճȡ
ӱϵһС׼ľܣһ棺СҪʲô
Ļشʻǩ
ڴź͹һ²
ľгһ鲼ľͲһҪ塣ľµ˺ӣѺֽ뵽ľ첻ӱȵм䴦ƽ̳һƬ
ˮ͸Уľнʪ͸˵ֽ
ļľһֽ󣬷ºӡΪȷֽ񱡲࣬ͣѹű棬οյĵءѹòˣٽ׼õĸɻȡһƬƬĻֽϷš
ѡȡЩϸСƽ黨ֲ꣬ڻӰճƷ
Ⱥɫɫ黨ɢֽϣžͺÿֻѳɻɵĻʱֱʪһԵһ޷⡣
ûʣҲûʡȻǰһг˺棬ȴǼΪۿţҴŸ˿
ĽɻźãȡӣµֽһľС
·̻֣ȷˮ
ľָֽǣһĺȡ
˿̸ɻЮֽУУΧ۵˶ס࿴¡Ҫڻ֣ǿֹһһˡ
ĵľˮ˲棬̧ͷ͹˵ȥŸɾͺá̫ɹ
ֽǰ£ǰҲϲ߰С⡣ͬ飬Ҳ֪ôͱȱ˶ó
˵⻰˵ȥ¸ʲô
Ľľ»ζһ£òдˮ˳㣺ʷΪ֪档˵ȥ£Ժ·Żߵø˳
û¶£ҹܽ۾ͲôϿ¬ٻ¾ͻ档
뵽㣬Ӧһ˵öԡ
İľõţȻɡ
صԭλóһľܣľͷƬ
ʸģʲô
Ļش𣺡׿򣬻ͷȸɻˣֱӿԷŵľͷ
￴ֲڵľܣһʱ޷ĳƷļҾһˣûƴʱÿԣƴ֮·˸⡣ܹɽܽЩԭֲڵĶɾµĹƷ
ߵߵ
ºͷԸ
鷿ŵСѾͷ߽񣺡С㣬үǰпͣˡ񡣡
Ȼô磿ȥ
ĴϹĻȥ
Լľܣ겻ֲͬ½꽻ҾǡҪʼѧּңҪѧġ
ﱾˣ˵ֻ΢ӡԼ÷һЩģȥ겻ҺͷۣϵĶôأͷûҽﱸ
飬ҵķԸ飬Цߵ࣬ﻹйڡӦһ˻еġһԳǰ⼸ٽҡǷȱˣֻǡ
׵ĺӣҲһġ˹Ҳ˿á㡣ﲻʹºҡ
齫Ļϣ渵ϵôӡ
Ĵ׵ţ߶ˣúϺ
˵꣬ЦЦ첽˵Ѿͷ뿪ˡ
Զ鷿ŹϣЩɻǸӡ
С㳤ˡܸŹλѾͷ˵š
̾ǰˡ飬ܵóġ
Զȴǳɳɿ졣
ǰһ£ʵ˵
ԱӣһطšȥǰͷţСҪæġӦû˿ˡҪˡ
ѾͷӦ£һ鷿
˿̿첽ǰĸǰͷ·Ѿͷ˴˵ʲôµǰͷô
Ѿͷߴ·߻ػС㣬µǰү˴ЩǵͲˡ߻һλˣǽǵһķԪ蹫ӡ
ĽŲһ١
̧ۿġ
ͼԼСԭԻϲıٿһΪºͣ·һЦݡ
ϻؼԪı飬ôغȻ̬ȣ
ٶԪʲô
Ԫֽ˵ǴѯķϷӣſûøЩҲʳʵǰѾͷʵش
Цһ
ţԼСƺܶӡ
ⶼ쵽ǰˣСڸһ䣺С㣬û°ɣ
䣬ºͺЦû¡Ȼû¡
ֻҪϷ˭ݵøһѡ


 30 

ǰ, 鶯õǴ
˴һѵĶ, Լ˺͸˽ӡЩʵĶʵʵڵĳʳ, ָ, һӦȫ
һʦһܺá
Եķ, ϴЦؾվб, û˵ķͷ, ڳʵڳڣڸɺǿ
߽ǰиԼҵ񣺡
ٸ˺ͷ񣺡ˡԪ
˺Ц֣С㡣
Ҿ͸һһСȫû, Ҳе٩֮ڡ
, ֻǿ񣬺һС㡣
˫к, ֽݸģ, ǷԪѰĻʷӡŪŪݵ, ͷдһٻҡѧѧ˼ҵ֡
˴ЦСֲ, ддȻдõġ
ģ
, ֳѾӼﴫȥˡ
ĽӹԼҵݹļֽɨһۣס
ּһ
ǰյһţһֽϵֶ൱дŹ, ϸڴż͸¶ʵʷ档ֽϵ֣ȴһǰĴ벻Ƿ绪ï緢֡
д壿
ҲԼˣ
ĽԼͷպã̧ͷŷЦЦлԪ
賯һЦ
ûѩͷѩ㱡Żûдñӣͷ·϶մȾһЩ紵ɢѩʪһͷ·
Ǽ㣬ۿɼԡ
ԵĶԼ˫ջбǼ⡣ƺܲģһϾܱ졣Ƥףһ͸УüһۣͬͯüĵһɰעĿ
۱ϵˣƤ񣬺һ飬䶳Ҳ̫
ĳŸ˵һԪҲ˻Һ͹ȥá
һ˵Ĺ¿ԼС㣬ɫջߡ
֣ùµԸȥáҺЩҪ˵Ժﲻ²һЩŷԪȥҸ˵ƷϹʲôʲôֲ壬˵
˱ԼЦԪǫ
װģͷޣǫŮҪǫûݲ١
ģ
ϷĲֹһһϷ
ٶȹ֣˵С͸ȥ档븵СȥԺһ˼ǵôһؼҡ
⻰øЦü۶
Ҳ̿Уȥɡ
ͶЩǵһؼὲġԼϷʷߣ㲻ķǵġϡӲ˵ˡһ桱Ըκһϵˡ
ƫһﻹ־ܳ¡
Цŷһ˼ɶţЦ˼֡ǵԼҪ·ǰ˸ӡ΢࿪ӣʾԼԪ롣
Ÿ뿪ʵûаԽ
һֱעСһ߳ǰǰԺӣŻ̽˵ڷ͸ĵĻ
Ȼǰ˵ģԪΪ˴зִ磬㲻ʮꡣ
ղŷģʹ̬ȣ飺ǲ񡣡
鿴ˣܾ÷ԶԼ¶̬ӸйԡҰģԼÿһѧԶסҰġ
ҰĲǻ£Ҫзִ硣һܿҰϵķִ硣
ԼŮԵöࣺĺƷĹ䣬ŲִӴأٿ˼
Ӧǡ

ĽԺŲ죬Ҳࡣ
ԺɨѩɨȥˣϸѩҪţɨ鷳û˼ʱȥɨ̫ܺĻֲУȫ˵ڡⶼͺƷ֡
ЩͺƷϣտÿģȻǽǵ÷Լ÷ϵոĲ軨ͺǰڵڣûԺ
Сļ÷ǽǣΨһһ÷һ
˼ôһתľͽ˴˽䡣ŮڼܻᣬѡСһ
ڸ󣬾ȷʵߵƫƧһЩŸĵĺ󱳳񡣸Ժÿһ߹ϱߵġܳһʱ䲻ΪʲôĻϲЩ
ľֲȷʵܶࡣȫֲѡһ绨ԵһףҪôԣҪôҩģҪô
͵Ϊá
·񣬱·Ҳ׺ںͷһɻ󣬲֪òǰһ
ĽŲͣ£Լ̫ƫˡ
̫׵
عתӣѰͷشͻȻǰжٴܹһȰɫӰŵõһɴ˫ۿǶӴܵķ
һͣ£ǰС⣬ȻЦģèӶԺˡ
ע⵽ǽǴһ
ŻٳģȴǱһֻҰè˽
èһֱһ˫ۿǶʱ䣬ȻܶȣäȮһֱûɡ
ʱһʹֻһֻԳ
Ȼˣöһ㶫ҲèɾʹҪҪ棬ԷҲˡ
ǰèٰ׼ӣȷʵܸɾֻǽȽȫʣһţһܿǷˡеҲ֪ôãȻһͷ븵ġ
ǽλûʳƽӰûСҪǸ϶˼÷Ҳߡ
èˣ˳š󵽲ң·ͺƵġ̫ݣȴָ׸ôһˡ
Ҫ˲ֻèȻѡϳȥ
һûηֻèӣèûһꡣ
ۿèζմȾˣĸè㲻ϸι̡Ҳĸè˵ֻèòˡϿеʣ
ιèá
Ϻӻûﱸ½ϣҲôһͷšӹòң˵˳ȥֻ
ʣŲԶûǵԸ飬ȥȡһ⣬ࡣˮϣһЩȥ
èݣܳ⻹ǶԵ⣬ܱȶûá
ӷԸӦһˣȥȡࡣ
ǰèУɶšʸģСϲè
ĿǰֻɰСèϲ
ߺܿСèתƵϡ
̧Լ֣̯èèҿȻͣ󺰴У죬žֺͿţĳԭԭûߡ
Ŀ˷֡
һֻʳָһڡСָԶţǶһֻֻûó֮ǰǰ˫ֶʱڣһû¶
ǰϲè軹ǶûԼϵĶ͸˵ŵЦ⣬ŵĵطʪгܽӿҧҪèĻǶúܶࡣ
ע⵽õǡǰ
ʣΪʲôϲˣ
ЦЩҲϲˣһӵè
ݼڣ˼è
è޹ġ
ŶЪ˹èУͬķ𣬾аĵèʿͦ޹ʲô÷Ԫèϲˣ
è˰죬趼ûջ֣̽̽һֻš
´μ˸㡣ش
ǳЦĻشҲûʲô£Ǹһơ


 31 

Ĳ֪һֻСèжิӡֻèһս, ɹ˷ֱ, ĽѲϲèˡ
ָè°ͣҰè顣С㲻Ҫ̫Ϊá
ûп̫վǶŷè
е˵, ʵȴǳʵʹһֻܿĲȫҰè, ûų˼
ιè˴ֻèȥ򣿡ʷ衣
ͷ, ɻһè
뵽ջϺӣҡҡͷûҰè, һм, Ⱦϣڸеĺǿġ
ջߣҴȥ򡣽ҪαһΡҼܱ߸ڷԣܻ
ŷ⻰ȴ뵽èǳ, ûǮ
ϵĶ, žûǮҩġĻǵø˵˸ú̿, Ϊ
ʮ, ˼ٶ, ҲȡҪǮ, ҪǮȨ˵֧֡ʹҸ, Ҳұˡ鲻ܽӴġʵĿꡣ
ĲɸҰɡ
¬ңǻ˼ұͲʲôö
֯һԼԣѰ˸ͷڣǰЩ۾һֱãÿ궼Ҫ򡣼ԾдϤһЩ, ҺһèȥĻ˻ֻè׽󡣡
⻰è
קһԼ䣬ͼһ¸ղŵĻҵ˼ǣڲϲèĻϻϲèһæúֻèġ
ָè䣺ԡ
èܲסԴͣϲ䣬̧צץ֡èצϵָ׸ûջȥ֣һ£ֶסè
ĸèϲСèèͷһôɣСèͻһ
ֻèʶĸèЩ񣬾һˡ
èٳԼצӣ˳ɿè
һèʿ
ЦЦСǸˡ
ôֱ׵ĿޣǴӷ˵ģͷ΢ԪǸˡͬ
ҲᡣظĵĻǸˡΪСǸΨһС㣬ҲŻڸСǰ
΢㶡
˵껰Ц£СܴҵĻ
ףȴ⻰ⲻʺ˵ȥ
˶èǢȴǸ˼
èŹſڵϰп̽ԵһһŮ˫ͫ׳һߡ
÷ǽǣһԺӵĻݸѩһԵ

鼱ҴҴӳСУСܻصԺӽ䡣
︵ĺͷһšûԼ·ϵأǵ°߬Ŷѻ˫ϡԴʹţһè
Ժص֦ɣ֦ǶèϷ
Ϸ
èſǶ϶۾ϸ֦ɻȥ
齫СӸյݵĺͷ֮䣬èŵ㣬Ȼվӣأأ
һȷǳ
ıèķӦЦöˡ
齫սӵĸƿèһͷڣ˶ӣſڿسԡǳѿ°ͷ·©ģһͰ
èͷڣ⡣СҲǶųͷ˫ŵžͽӲȥۿҪ̧קס˱أסӡ
һֻèκһ˼ңǶǲϲġ
ֻڳûһ¶鶼̽ͷֻè˵ţоĶ˺þáɱԶš
ļࣺڡ
ΧһèͼèͳԣԸɾֲ䵽ϣԼ©ǵȫͷųˡԵȷʵûɳԣӣסԼǰţǰŲ
Ա㶮ɾ
˻ӣȩ̀ۿ۷裬ּСͷԼĽţ̬ȣûǰЪ˹еģҪȥˡ
Цøǳӡ
èͲ࣬è顣ֱӸϣӵݸ飺ҺС´èȥǵ÷ãȻèҪܡ
èԣצӿӣء
ȫСף͸èӹӣ۽ӣšţСҪţͷԪһ𣿡
ĺͷ趼վһۣһ¶һºЦݣš
ӣ˶ٿƵЦݣͷһǿˣ
Ӽˣһԡ
ԼСվڷԪߣ˲ǳ໹̬ʵ̫Ƕԡ
æڣȻֻǸè˽ǡԪһͣܲöˡ
ͷҪǷĻáǮ
ЦǸǮеġԪɷġ
Цһ
Цͷ΢顣ԼЦһ֡ǮáĸпԼ㸺Ϸʡ
è鲻òϽٸǽһЩȥѰ䡣ԪСԺﲻҪôȥСͤŻ
СͤԺɽԵСͤװԴʵԣƽʱϣ˿д͵á
Ĳͷѯʷ裺ԪҪȥ
ҪӦ£ԶһͿ첽񣺡С㡣үѰԪ˽ջ£׼ˡ
ļ״ԼȹͷԪ
蹰֣ЦЦ
Ĵŷٴۻǰ
С·ϣĺͷǰͷèںͷ;ˣæ˴èߡ˳˽иܿèĴţèӡ
ػصǰŵſھǰ˺͸Ц
ĽţƤգۣ湻ˡ
һЦøǳ죺СѾͷԪˣ컬ࡣ
š컬ࡱۣæЦŹ֣ҹҡ
һҹǵóЦø졣
˶һһ˳ۺԽԽ˳ۡʲôȤ˵ʲôǺЦ
ĴЦӯӯվǶ
Цÿ˳˵һ䣺СӺãԪвѧ˰ÿҲƣԺԶ
Цݲ䣬Цȴ˼һЩüۣЦһº˵ţǿɲס
˺Цһôף
ĻЦĿǣҺ͵˵ѽһһֻԸһ˫ˡ
˿۸飬Цû⻰˳Ÿĵ˼ȥС˼ǣ
ЦŻӦˡ
ڳˢˢġ
⻰һס£ôû˵
Ķ˵Ŀ⣬ȫȻηº˵ţŮȻܹϡʱ䲻Ƕ˺ܶĻܣ˵ԼģʵǱ͵ġ
һʶԼŮǽŵ˵˵ơ
Ϊܷ裬ЦСһ飬ǿҿͱˣͷԪҪҲˣ϶ҪԹ㡣
ܿ衣
ڿ
øΪԼڸ˿ϣв׹¡


 32 

ǰĸ䲻ͬ, ϵ¶Ǽ
ЦŸ͸Ļ, ˵ǡҶˡ
£ǰû˽Ļ
ºվǶ, Щ, ı鳹С
ǹЩ΢ĸӵݸ, һѭ򽥽ķʽչ¶ڸǰüĵĺƺһЩҲֻǸĶ˵Ĵ
󲿷ֵͬղŵè, Ҫ˵ʱлͣ, Ҫʱȫǡ
֪ԼΪС㣬עǷ衰ҪˡȫǡҪԼֻҰĲųϿҶԴԼ
۶񣺡ǰ˵Щʧˡ
, ȴֱͦԼı
ŵ˲ǲǷ, ˿ľܾɡŵǷ裬ĻԼʾõܣŵ˲Ƿ, ĻȸδΣ, Ҳһʾ, ʾһ֡
ĺͷ߶ϡ
һ, ǵһؼһ, ĳ񣺡С㲻ǸС㡣
ûƽʱҵ٩˵٬˵Դĳλһ񣬶׼Ϊڳϡ
ϰٹ, ˫ֲ£˫۲У빭ͷ£ֱʥԼǫֵóס
ɵ·ӣҰġ
Ưòȫ˫˫ͷ
ŷԼͬ⵶Ȼһ¡
ţʮˡ
Ĵۣٿҽϰ֡ԪֺãƽյÿտɷҼ
Ȼ
ʵڸӡ
鿴ȥԼѧҼǵ˵飿
æͷǵġȷʵ顣Ҫ꣬ʵڶ࣬ͬҲҪݷҲٴš
ЦͿͣͷԪҸ㱸񣬹Ҳˡ
һԵĹµӦǣѷſڣǶš
˺ͷ˺͸ٴο䣬˳š
ıһͿͣȴ麬Ц˰֣ʾҪϡǰͷ뿪ķ裬ŲҲȷʵһЩ
ķ߳ǰͻȻת˸ͣè
һ¡
ȻЦ
û÷ܵѩ춬
Ĵ˴ŷת泤뿪һֱӰȫȻʧԱ߹²ſѯʣС㣬Ҫ鿴񵥺͸ϻ񵥣
ᣬڸĶȴס
ָָƣ΢ۡջûãڲŲԼʧ̬תͷ£񵥣ŶǵġҶѧŵ㡣
µͷС㲻ûšһվͳɣÿ仯вľһʹ
Ӧһ
¼е겻ᣬɽһȫ˹ŽϵĿͱ¼ϣһ͵ϡ
ڱϰæ֣һС͵鷿ȥܲǰЩ
µȻӦ£Щǳ¼ү鷿ţõ𻵡
ͷл˹¡
ĺðһ飺èأ
鱻ʵضһ£ջ˵񵥣ôèǵè£˻ȥҽˡҽκþʹС㿴ʱ丮ϲèҪ
èеĶ̲ס廰Ҽϲè
Ŀ۹£ǶȸˣٽӻèĿ֧һӸߡ¼ǵú͹˵һ
û뵽è߹ˣӦ
è⣬ȥý񵥵¡ԼֿۡһŵģԼָ׸ġϸ۵С͸ŵ죬µľ
ûж
û˿ڡ
֣Ը鷿

˺ͷڳϡ
˰˼⣬Աߵķ裺СܹΪֹûôţôȻˣѵϻƷῴϵģҲȥˡѵ˷ͷ㻹ʢ
Ʒϰûгͷķϣͷʢ¬ӡӡ
ǰ߿Ÿ£߿Ż
˸벻ͨˣ¬Ҫˣֳһ㡣ѵλҺõģллûԣС۵ġ
ЦЦСϲ˭׻û˵͸Ҫϲˣ߸顣Ҳ²͸
˾⻰е˵ͷ㿴ÿ
΢תΣҲû취
СҵĽԼϱӸľֻܾ˵Լδгɼҵ˼ھܾòڵġˡڡ
ͻڸǶֵáҪ˵ΪʲôԸĺãƾĿ˵߰˵ռĲռģϺ߼ģϺ߼ȫ˵
ͷ˵˵ȥʵϰˡϱӳףõļκ߰£ȥǵǵˡ
ǶǷǵʱ
ǻŮݵλǶ
ΪŮӵУƵµһáû˿һòˣֲŰԼ֮ϡ˭ŵΣܺκ˶ƽƽ̬ǲ
˵ϲϲġ
˵ҪףҲֻס
áˡԼܾﲻ̫ԣΣкЦǻﻹһϱӲйĹŹָܣһʱԼȥʵǶһ١
̾ϢӦòʮӡ
˲̧𣬿ˡ
ע⵽ߣһԼӣҾһ˵ҿɲϰ
û˵
˵ͷ轲ҸհݸΪʱˡǻ˻ڣڵĻʺｻáﱾҪøСʮӶ׵ġ
裺
ϱûһ£ʮӵһʮס֪ʺ븵ĸϵãȴʼնûκ˺ʮ븵ĵϵ
ʮƾųĹϵƤܶءҲǵֱ֪ʮжǳСǰ̶֥鶼ܼʮ״
Щ״ûиġ
˺һʮӣȻʺ϶ŭҲųλҪûӦһʮӡС㳤úÿֺãиڣһ
ؿֹŹֵĸˡ
ϸϸƷԼѵòĿڱµе㲻һأȴûȫȻ˳˼ߡҪǸΪŵһˣƾ׸˼£
˼ӣȴȻЦЦСȷʵܺá
ܳΪĵǸ˾˷ۣЦҪϲǾͺúѡд͹ȥδȢŮδޣʲô˵á
һԣջǵÿġ
˺Ц㣺ڸ˲ϣԼŮ޵ʼҡѰڸǵÿӱӡ
Ӧ¡
ĵ⣺ۼ⡣ԶԷ˼ƫһҪ֪ˣһ֪
ϣǶȲʶмҵˡ


 33 

һĻ͵˸
ˮɻ
ˮɸеͷ, 渲һغɫıƤˮɶʢ, ÿһ϶׻ÿһ䶼껨, úСƱƵ, ﻹһɫĻġ
˵ˣյ̨ľ΢, ɷڹСܱߣʱмɵϰŲϡ۶һλۡ
, ҶӺʵ, ¿ɰС⾹Ȼʵ벻
֪֪ˡ
۽ⲿֻŵƫƧ˽ڣȷЩµˮסҲȷжĻеĹԼϲµֲĸġ
鷿, ƬõľڲȦ, иɻֽȡ¡üԵȥͷϸ, ڰϸϸš
ֲڵֽʵ, ׺ŲٸɻƬͲڻ, һɫ, ªǩĵ˼
ҲǸϲůɫɫ, ҪǻһЩɫʣǩȻһַ
ԾԼϲ̨棬˱רӡ£ӡﰴ, ǩϸһССû֣ΨһĻ
õǩһԣ飬͹ȥ
ӦǰǩŵСС㣬ҪүҲһ
ĲԼĹȡһľܣ棬Ⱦɫƽﲻʺǩ
ʶ鷿µĳĶʲôæЦӦ£ϣҾùĸү͸¶㡣
̧ͷЦЦȥɡ
ȣ̰㲻ǩ˳ȥǶߡ
鷿ֻʣ¸һˡ
չǰЩȥĸֻ룬ѡ˺ĵ
ĵǴĵʢżʢģڲʮ졣Ժĵ֪ô£˺ĵʢʱû˷֡ĵʢıȽʮʮһʢмź˰ڹʱžˡ
ʱѡ˼չУЧá
ĵ໨˼壬磬ɫΪƷԱΪĵѡõļ亮ĵȫźɫϺɫģȫȻûǱɫ
ĵչȡëɨȥĵϵʯɳתſϸ˼Ч
ĵ꺬ˮֽͣΪࡣɻļʵڲ죬չȡĺĵеɱ񡣱Ȳ̫޵ʢͼ
İοԼһҪ̫ߡ»ԣܲѰõĸɻ
õľںãϺȥϻͷĵϡ
ɻҪҪסĳʪҪ׹̶ס˿˸ľ·һЩľҡľζţҲѿҪͷһЩݷۣһÿĽۣټһЩŵԲʯͷ
ʯͷɫнҪܺͱϵʯͷνӣЩ··ֲ̫Ρʯͷʯͷ֮ҪýճϣҪȷ㽺¶
һ̺ãѡü˵֦ɣ˿סٽЩҶӴϡ˿ԣͷɫɫī֭ͿĨǿһ˿ۼġ
˿յеۡ
üͷͷȥһߡҪϸͼǯ֮ǱƷɻͼ٣ɹֻȥһ죬ִ̫١ȡԼסָƴ
ݻһһ׶ʯͷźãв֦ҶϲŵĸɻĵĵȱˮԶûʻĽŷãֻһĵ
ĵͻൽţһʱǵȱˮȱ̱ˡĽ΢һ£ʹû俴ΪȻ
һźãһ䡣
ֲĵܹҶ١ĵʱ֦Ҷݻƣʣ֦ͷĻʱãŭšɸɻһ֮ˡ
ɴѡ䣬ǰСľ˸ǶĶ¶ţֿںͷ˿ϡɫĻĿĵ׺ػһɻѹ֦ɵ̬
죬߽Ų̧ӣ飬ɺÿ
ǩڻǹתԼСľϲ͸лɵߵ߿˸õĵɻԴͳһƬհס
̫ˡ
⼸ĵԺʱڸɿݼҶ֦ͷſţȴָһůɫ˸£⼸ĵĵȴǻůſɼĴĵһ㡣
ԡǴҲĵ
Ҷǳӣĵӣϲ쳣нǵ㣬һݻС
˵ĵ̫ӹףЩ帾涬·ȫúɫĵҶȴδӹ׵˴Ľ׶Σĵܳɹɫĸµģ
ããһ£žһԼʶС㣡Ҳ̫ÿˣ
СѾͷ˷ܵϷɺ죬޲קԼСתȦСС㣡Ҽÿĵˣϴûĵģ
ı鶺ЦòͣҶĵǲܴڵİ
黹ڿܣָŸĵƷڲʹôС뽫⸱͸˭
룺ʺ
ʺȷʵʺĵĻͺͿζڣ÷ʺʺһЩȫȻʺϵʺ
Ȼûʺ󣬵ҲĻǳʺϣͷšǽС㻹ҪʲôҪҪϢһ¡
ͼۣĿ˺컨̲ݣҪҽһʱһԶС
ӦţһϢһ¡
ӻջߣעһԼС㣬ָ˲ٺɫպۣС㣬ôˣղŪôⶼˣҪҩģ
Ŀ˿˫֣ǲܡ»׾Ͳˡ
ɲ㣬תͷȥͿĨҩС㡣鷿бͿֵҩǰ˵Ҫ̵ô͸׼ˡ
ģ
ǽˣѧ˵޻˵޻ٺһ㡣ҩԼϣû˷ѣ
ľԼ뷨˼·棬Ц
С㣬ôһǶɵЦأͳ˷ҩĺӣȡҩڸϣƷǳǿС㡣ҩ
̯˫֣ҩ
ҩֹҩͨͨǾҩʿһС˿ڣȫõӡϻ˶˿ڣȫá
һ΢һ£ҲУ
ĶСŸģӦǰҲСû˳ú̿ã¯ҲС
ҩͿĨϣб΢ȡ
ĿԼ˫֡Լ۾ƽʱܲ˫ţ˫һ꣬۶ײеúܡ˫һ
èô顣
Цţء¼رϲֻèͽóӹǣҲóľèһС֧ܣȫè·
Цһͦá
顰šš
Ŀ֣ȥԪ͸ţ˵èܺãºϲҩฮϻУ˳һƿȥ͵µ񡣡
龪ۣ


 34 

һСҩ౻Ը¸л, ͵˷ݾӵļ, ڷϡ
ܵͿҩͿҩ, д¾д, ʲôûյһ
⸸磬ϻҪڷǶε, ǹҩ࣬⸸̬һѾ, ÷żī˵ĳ嶯
дһѶ, ͼ⸸ֹεɶϷ⸸ߣΪΣ㵽
⸸һŲں޹ûﰡҾ͹ߡⷿӾôС, 㻹ˣ
裺
˵úе
ΣǮ, 㻻״һķӡ
⸸Ц㵱ٺǮ, ɻǮ
賯ŷ⸸αЦЦ, Źش, ûаԥ
⸸ҡͷ˵ţϻػؼ, ˵˼û˼Ӵ, û˼㶮ҵ˼ô㲻Ӵô찡
ǳ˳飬ٶȲī˵ĳ嶯
ֻ³Լ׵׵, ġ
⸸˵ûȷʵ̫ĵ˼
ҩ϶͵ģΪʲôܾ֮󣬻ҩࣿΪԸºô趢ԼϵҩϱӸõҩࡣ
Ϊʲôأ
ûеõղдһȥר̸С֡ǲǰȥ仰ֵĸ̫Уòʧ
յĸڸż裬ûȥͷӴԼǳʲôӿԼɼҵٶȡǿ̫ˡ
Сװ£Ҳ֡
ת۴٣ֶһЩƷ϶˼ϱ߲ʺֲĳ㻨
Ʒɽ軨ĸɻԼˮɸɻƴӻɽ軨һĵƵĻˮɲʺϡˮɱе΢Сһ٣ʺõνƷһѵĸɻȡʤ
Ľõˮɻȫˣ˵šյ̨ĸ̾Уѻȫѹ⡣
յ̨ûˣʣһһıƽˮɣڻƣСɿɰ
ˮɹɺѡһŻ滭õֽɸɻˮɻһֽϣҶҲһЩγһˮƽ滭
ʱţɫһЩʱͦÿġ
ˮɻʺͳľͽ鷿ﵱһ
տʼϧˮɻѹĸɻͷ̲סÿ߹ҪȥۣԼС˲
Уһ
Щ㻨Ͳھʺ˽ºһЩķ˱ǣȴֻΡΡ˵ɫСҶȥ൱
Ķû˼Ļһ㸯ҶͲľңϣܳһЩ
ϦٽζԽԽأ鷿ſڱ˺Ų˸ױдĶļҪϹ飬Ҫæ飬оʱʮֽţͼٶԽԽ죬ܴĺ۸ԣۿ졣
δϦ˴ҴҸĴ˸ϢС㣬Ѱ㡣ǹС㡣
ʱ鷿￴˱һԹٺ͸˵ųϦҪעүõЩԱ㲻߶ҲҪλ
˴Ļü̧ͷС㣿Լ档
ľΪʲôæͣǹС㡣ϻϣҼġ
˺ţ
ʶС˽ģ㿪ڣС㣬۾ҪϢһ¡ȥ˸Բ}
ļ¸̨ףҲ֪ΣºЦЦҴȥͷһۡ
¼Աʶοͷá
ĸǰţ·䣺СһΣ
һһش𣺡СһһѾͷ鿴ŲǺܺã϶ûʲôЦҲм¡
¬ҵ£Ӧһ
¬ĻƺδȡΪֹʵ״̬ͷźܶ࣬¬귴ǲ˻飬Ƕ񰴱Ȳ¬ңҲȡ£˿̫ס
Ĵ߳ţһۿͣſڵ
ߣڰϣϹëһʵ磬ϻŲ֪Ķ˳Ĺྣϱ㲻ãҲرꡣ
΢ͷŹºЦôӺ
̧ۼŸģæԼ˻ﶪ˫ĶһмšϾˡһ档
ס߼һ棿Ҫȥ
˲֣Ц£ɹš׼ˣǰߡûʲôʱҵ˵Լϧˡ
עŹûΪʲôߣֻͦӣȵȡ
˵ԼȹӣתͷܣŲɿ죬ûдҹӡ
ŸıӰ˴Ա߸ˣȥʲô
Ȼ֪СĲ֪
ȻЦȻǰһͦ˼ġŶһ㡣ҪСã϶һʣ˸ʲôûС
ʲôûУıһ롣
ſںţʱʱǶ˳Źྣ֪ҲӣôϾô㣿
ѾͷۣС㣬ⲻǴӵǴӵˡ
̾ǲܡô𸮳ˣ׼ӶôС
͵ЦŹСȻǲС⡣
ҴܻظϵĸᴭԼǽϹŵˮɻһֽ𡣸ɻʱ仹δûеһĵزܾ
ϵûӶѰԼȹӣԼЬ׵ĴСЬɿ쳯źȥ
˺ţһܵǰԼĻġҪϲһߡǸɵģʱû࣬ǧҪһֱš˵طչš
һĪʲôǸɵģ
¶һõЦǻûƴĻ
ƴĻ
۸ģ̽չԼϵĻһ¶ͷĶһ͸źͷݵһŰֽֽǻˮɻꡣ
ȫչȡ°ֽһˮɱԾȻֽϡ
ԾȻֽϣΪĻ
Ż͸ζ￴ܷż죿죿
ЦССĵ⣺ֻҪţܷŵɫɫҲԷźܾá겻⡣
𾪡
ꣿǿήɫ
Щɹɵҩее޷ֻܺҵͷ佱ŵһúñ档
ͷˮɡʱҸ𻨻һǽĹ𻨻һŬ˽һЩģƴҹǳӡ
һǽҹǳ
Ů˭ܲڸĶԣûԼСڹԣǳǰʶûµŮȴԼʱһǿա
ζǿա
ǺԵģҲû޵ġⱲӶû⼸޵öࡣôһ˵ۿͺˣԼ˵˵ģҪһǽĹǿա
ļͷЦš


 35 

ļۿ, ºͺ˵ţˮɻԲ˼, ҲŰԼǺֿܳİ⡣Щ, ǲһСġ
ԽˮɻĻΡˮɻȷʵԲ˼, ȴʾϣ⻤ԼȫҲףջԼž, 
ͷͷûڸǰס, ˼˵, ܸ߳𣬴ˮɻˡ
ȥ·ϣѾ߷ԸҸľӣⶫȻܾ, ǾƽšҴһȥɹš
ѾߵӦ£ǡ
ӣǰ˵Ļ, е
ѾڱϸȰ䣬ù侲, 뾩ĸ·, ټ֪Ǻεȹ⾰

ػص鷿, 㯹˴
¸˹Բ}, ͳŹԲ}
ڸĶ, ɹǸԶĵط۾ãûгԶšܸڳжԶͦѣҪ˵Զ硣
ǧ÷㣬ʱȴǲġȥһ˾Ǹʱ, һǸʱ䡣
ִ뿪ȻǼҪ治֪ʱʲôʱ
ڣһײʶԼ˹Բ}Ϲ°վǶûʲôȸĳԶ
¡Ŀڡ
ӦڣС㡣Ҫ˱мûꡣ
˲ͷۣ
ºЦӦˣǡ
Ļ˻Žڸæ鷿һ£ŮӿǱҪޣ
̫ѣΪӻ鶼ɹȥˡ
⻰һº󿪿ڣС㡣ΪѰһλˣǻ鸵˸ϵˣΪŮҪ޵ġԹԣ޴ããҳж֮ţɿΡԼҶԣŮóּңƹܺøһСЩȫнոϰȡ
ʮ㣬⣬νƿһЩȷʵ
¶˶٣˻С㣬ŮҪޣҲǱҪҳԼһˣԴ˲޵Ůӡ亱ûС
Ŀ£棺˭
ЦЦʮĶФФǺԺ徭ʿ֮һФˡФóī࣬ھѧ׷ʮδ顣
ФܱΪȻλɾ͵Ůӡ
ľ̾ѧкܶϣȢΪ޵ġ
µͷǡФ־ڴˡ˵Լһ׸̸²ɻ顣
ı仰סȻȻһŮһõ壬ּ̧黭ɣ̸Цǹ˸
ɲʲôҲ󣬶ҵ˶ҲϽ顣
˲ã˲áФ
ΣФ˵ҪФɻ飬Фһȥ¥ФŮӣڶӡһФ˾ҲФˡ
ľˣˣ
¿ԣ˵ǻǮ˻¥ϷģԼ˾ֱ£ûɾͻȥ
ˣŮľˡ
֮治Сգ۾̾£ղź͹ȫȻɢֻ˲ĸ¾вס͡
ٶ䣬ԼԼãǼһҪñ껹á
¼ĽСĺˣЦŸͣСԵġ
ٶȿ˱һ֮ڽȫ̸˳ˡϦҹȫڼҳԷһʼٹ٣䷵ءһ罫һˣŸһ
⽫۾úһؽʹ
Ľȼӿ죬ڲϣ±㽫һɾͻ㱨˹͸飬佱ԼС㣺Сһ飬ûʲôܹѵõ˼ܣڴģʱһ˳ӡ
ܹһò͡
ƽʱƢãϲŭɫ¿佱Ůֱֺǣÿӵ˵㸵ģòȻβֱ֡ǼﳤŮҪñʡ
Ҩһүٳּ£֪жٷӡǰҸսʱ©ΪϤ˼ܣϤȻñҺá
ڶر£΢죬ԹԺŶ
δйֱ˼޵ʱ
൱ܰ¬ȴ
Ǽ
¬걻۴˽ȥ촩˺ܶ࣬˾Ҳʧ˴룬ȥʵǸСĹӣƽӹѰ̼֮ӡ
һ·ܳ׸ܵͼȡû˻ú̿һӾͺܺãҪࡣ
ͷˣһͷڳ겻ϴ裬ͷƤͷץһͷҡģɴòԼԴ϶Ţץһץָ׷ﶼǺɫ
ɹų⣬ף¬ҲûȤӡֲǳȥģû¬ꡣ
ͷҪ棬ӹˣû˻Ҫ
Ҫ꣬ض̶˶һȫϲûаѡ¬˿̲ף˵ԭǲͨġ
ڸλƣڶԼжߺޡ
ԼŵԼܣԼԭƲȥףͳһ׵ķҪúѧϰ߸ӼѧӶȥ˿ڹٳ֡
أ
Ǽٵġ
Ψһ»ţűȫµ˿Ц
ŲһһأǰһƬڰдѪɫͷ¹ǹ⣬ִһջ󣬻ҪԨ
ˡһʱ䡣û¬꿪ţл˵
¬ˣѳΪǰѧʿ¬ڼ롣¬꣬վϵƵ
ǳ˿Գʱĵطֻû죬ʹмд㣬ǱǱó桢飬ٳ
δԼгһջ䵽ֵز
ʲô¬ۺǳԼӣôѴôѧȥô
¬ܿ࣬ӭͷһ߳ʣںֱðǿѹס˺ĶģΪѿڣȥˡ˾麲ԺмλǣȥĶ󲻵ˡ
˭ˮû
¬ɫѿŵͣԱȤָ͵Ĳ˵ѲֻǸӡǺ̶Ҫλƾڼֻеõλãſߴߡ¾ͼ
¬ⱲӾûλʵۡʵͼҪͼıʲôͷô죿
¬¬꣺Ժõ˭
֮΢һ٣ϸ˫ۣԼһش𣺡ղ
ղ︸׾ǺԺͷ١걻Ϊղ֣캲ԺĬĬŵĿƾ˲Ŵأ𲽳ԽӼ࣬ΪԱء
Ҫ֪ǰҪΪԱ඼ǹӼԱǴʵϰܹӦٳ֣ղ뺲ֺֻܱΪСղ֡
¬⼸ѹղ̶Ҫղ
Һϸ˵¬ƳԱߴǷĲۣ¬˽


 36 

ղΡ
ԼվںԺƫԶһСڡ
Ž, յＸûڡ
ԼԼͷ, ſڣô, ͷûκӦĽղԼ¶, ˹ͷ͸뼡һ, ݱں졣
İĿ־޷˷
ǵһĻ
ʱ£ú̶ʶ, Ը߰ͬ˵һ䣺ƾҵĲ, 󿼺˱Ȼܶͷغ֡
ԺͿƾһһοˡ˹˾ͽҪôֱ߽, һߵλҪôͲ߽, ȥͷ١ںԺλһ㣬ıְ, ڵǶõ, ܳΪةࡣ
Ϊ, ˭Ϊһةࣿ
ȻλͬѹС˺ܾ, ͵һЩǰѲͻȻ, һĻҡ
Ȼһλʮʿԡ¬㡱ĽڣǰһչںԺСһһҹ, û˷ͷ
ȥȴ֮
һ˵СѣûˣҲû
ղȴһ֪ٳԶԼҪӡ츳Ϳ޼ɵͿԦ¡Ѳıġ
Ŵ򿪵˲䣬ղȴûзɡ
־غˣֻΪǰһˡ
ĵһαΧ
ĺԺǰվһ½½ĳһһ絶
Сղ治Ƕʮͽһ׵ˣҵȿɱȲϡ
ͽ˰ɣҶںԺʮˡ
ָǿġ
ҲǣúÿȷʵɼͺðԿɲҪòãԶȥˡ
СղһھǣлҺ簡лҡҼǵлǲǳ˸䣿
ԭ
ǣûС
ղ»ޣЦݡε񣬼ѹֲסĵıߣ԰ô꣬˵׵¼ԼԺ㽡
һþմˤ䣬Ƭ޷ƴ
ԴǼҷ߳ŭ飬õȴһ䣺ʧ
ǣؼҷʡһʱ䲻ҪȥԺ
ٶת䣬Ѳ¶˵ʲôתֱһģ̳ӱͷĵͨ죬Լָ
ղ͵ۣҴϢ
جôԱŴԺ𣬡ұ㣬²µġ
ղ￴ŷһƬڣʶڻϡЩʱ䡣ܵϴ΢Ĵǣס˶ԷС֣ŵŵɳƣû¡
һ㣬קղšҪҪˮ
ղӣ˯ɣҲʡ
جǲ
ۣ֪ԼǷ˯ţãʼܵҲܵһƣͷߴл΢˶ֳø˵㡣
ҪˣǺúùġ
ղۣ˳˳Լ޵ͷ뿪죬ϤϤ·ǹԱǹԱҲ뾩Ա٣żʮգǴʮһʼ𣬵¶ʮһʮ첻󲿷ֹԱܣԷڣ͸׶
ط굽ְһأǿƾ꣬Ҳ˵ھΪÿǺͼһʱ
ңΪʩչԼŻЧӣ¡
˸Σ꼴μϲǡ

˳ݡ
ղ֪дһٷͷ׵
ƣǴкķơԵãžӣȻ״̬ϾҪˣǿƾٿˣ˺ǹԱˡ
ԽȥԼˡ
δ˳ȥԼӣȻǸ˵ġ
ϦϾҪˡ
ղ֪ԼͷԼϵĵӣͷǲǳ˺ܶ׵ģ
ۣԼûô
ղֺ֪һЦҿᡣֻҪطһҪңҾλϸһ졣
ӵЦˣõãϽȥԷʮһŷż١˳ЩҪע⣬е
Ҫעܶ¡ÿ꣬ˮһͷ۵⡣ȥ˶ӵٲҪʱע⣬Էʲô
֣صͷǣҴˡ
ӱôһ¡
ղ֪мԸ׵׼š
⣬һλһţˣղˡоĿš
ղ֪û䣬ȴ⡣ϲ£ôȴŲӿ첽Ӵ򿪷ţʲôţ˵
ﴫϢ˵СղΪԹ޺ѧʿ¬ˣʵ£¬ˡǰһĪ˵ʿΪͷ˽𡣡һ¿ˮ㱨˽˽˵ǣ¬˿СղᣬһȺЩĳʱС֮á
ղ֪Դһ¡
ͷĿѣЩǰĶ
ˣղ֪ɫǵú쵽ϣˣ
Ա⻰ֱӴǶֻͷԼԶȥԶ˺ܶ࣬ϡ
ղ֪״̬æ˵һԼĿˣ³˱º˾Ȩݡ˾õݣǱ̫дģܱ¶ʼСղ˵Ӹң϶ϵʱŽ
ղ֪еǻĴʢˡǿѹŻ𣬰֪ôģ
Ȼ֪޲ԣ˰Ӽ͹ġͿŵ˲ϵãСղ˵壬˵Сղ˲֪ô档ֻҪǴˣСղ˽Ӱ켫󡣡
ٳϾȨı˽飬пԭʵ۲ϲԱϲ
ҼϾղ֪ԣҵҪھлмô
Ա˽ڣһأɴñ
üòԼҴˣˣƶԸСղ֡Ҫȥˣסʱŭһ𡭡
ղ֪ЦһҶһʹ棬ҲһҵҪ˭ƣȻƵͷˡ
ھǽˮʱ򣬺ԺȺֻߡ
ԼҴжϾӦǡȥ׼˳ˡ
ղ֪жˡÿ궼ͬ飬ÿһ衣Ҫǳ˲˰ӼһС
Ӧ£ǡ
ղ֪»صקԼӣ˵ţʰϾ·ܴȥ㲻Ҫ̫࣬ҿ£̻˸š
Ż૴ӦŶãá
ղ֪мԼ̬֪ܵ˾޴
أҶӾӦһȺƽӹ֮㣬ң㣬޺ӣԼ
ȷʵˡ
ʶǼҼԵǹͬĵˡӺɷ򼴽վͬһսϣȥԹٳϵķ׷šǲʧȥӣӣܻ
ôǸ¡
ǿһЦ⣬ԼԴҸʰ


 37 

·Զ, Ҳ̫Զ
Ȼ˰Ӽܿ͵, һȺԴӱһܹٵĿĵءªסڡˮ, ƫҪһˮ, ׼һˮץԼҪ㡣
һвǼʱڷ顣
ź͸ǧ˿ƵĹϵ, ȴ㲻֪飬ϲü, ԼƷһһɵ㾦衣Ϧ, һ
̫࣬۸ǲβ롣мУ˵·߼ǡƹΪͼϲ죬ڵﾫϸѡһƷмѵ, ϵƯĺ, һ͵Щϲĺ͹װ˸䣬ڸС
⼸ϲ¶, ÿ궼ڵøӺһЩһۿȥ, ĵǸˡĳֽǶ˵, ׼, к¾Ǹ, Ǹףף
ĿЩƯûҲûʱ䶯롣æ֮лǵõľǣһٶȥǰһ˵л
˵л, ЩӿСһüЦЦͦõġ
һжͦõģҲͦõģҲܺõġ
ʩʩȻ뿪ϳһ٣Ǵһٹ˼ͷŮ죬Ҳʺ֪ĺѡʺ󣬵Ǹô
Ϧҹú硣յҹܿ㰵¡ϵĺһһϣլ͸ֽһһ͵Ĺ⣬ů¶ȡ
ϲ˶Ǯؼҹ꣬½նؼžȥˡֻС븮ģһꡣ
İַԷ
˲ٲˣרóʦһǳҪĲƷ
ţ˳ĽҪעĸˣͷȼ߶˵ýеˣһһһָУˣҲһһλӦ
ϸ
ΪΨһĹŮʹŸҡʹȻˣҲԶȳͷҪáﲢϣ̫࣬һѣﶼŴһ͹ȥ񵥾ǣһ㲻óչʾչʾҪŸҪɵģÿ궼С
ľе˼ڲ¶˺񣺡ÿ궼˰
Цв̼ӵܺˡһϵˣС鶼ϻǮȢ޶ҲǺͬҵˣŮ첻Ǯڸ¡Ǯˡ
˵ί˵걻ǿҪϣȫȻΪ˽غһýǮ·һʵ¡Ļʵ۵Ȼ⿴־棬һʥּѰһͷһǮ˴뾩ǡ
ǣӵĵ̣ϻʨӺǰſ¡
Ȩ̼֮࣬ҵǮ˫˺Щꡣ
ǵȤϻؾ¥С˵ھ仧ףѰһЩ˽øЩһ֣ȻЦЦ
ŹȻǸ˽ͷĺûᡣȨ֮ĶֻҪһ·Ϊ֮ĳ룬ԺûҡټŮϲ⣬ڶԳ⡣
͸ЦֻΪЦЩȫȻû븵ǮԼС⾭
һٷ꣬˻ʱ
ûκβͬӿڴͳһɫĽҴСɵĽԪÿԪ涼и֣ǳף
¡ǮǸרѰģʹ洢ʵأǲܻǮ
ÿ궼ͬǰһѵĻ汾ȥһѵũ飬һѵ˱
͸ЦЦͷÿӶеֺ졣Щ촦´òүһ£ÿԸһ֡
ǰЩӵĴȨзֺʵȨԺͽйɷݡ
ļϵ˱һ¡ֿ˿Щԥǣһ뿪ԼĻ̡
ЦˣЩҪ㻨ʱ䡣㿴ÿҲյúܡ̶ƹ£ַ˲ˡֻҪÿ¿һ˱żȥڹһ䣬ͳɡ
ŲѵӣͷӦˡ
ǻ񣬸ĸ͹ﶼ׼һ
һĽţԼ˺ЩĳƷó
һǸġ
һ軨ͼ
軨һʺ͸̹ԲĶ࣬ͬһС̫軨Ļǫѷ˼ڼ˵֧ͷΪ飬ԼǫѷΪ˴ʽ
ľͲ軨ʺϲ
軨סϱв죬ϷԾӶ࣬ԾӶࡣھ軨ҪԵҪձůҪڸʪˮ֡
ƹ軨бɽ裬֪Ǿ˶ٿ˵Уÿȴеήɣøռ˴ˡɽʪ㹻󣬲ժ뻭
˱ɽ裬ʹɫ죬ֽɰۻϣ棬Щɫ⻨úˣ̴ĵ֦ͷΪޡ⸱ɽͼϣͽϷеɽ´״˳
ѡһ䣬ܱ̬ȻͬͷչԼʢŵ̬㲻̧ͷʲôԡҵڹڳض䡣
Ҷ̣һ䣬ǡǸĲŻϲɫ䡣ɾɫÿֲס
Ưִ˲軨ľ߿̾ԭҪĶĻ
ҲûϵԼŮ˵Ƚһ˵һ滨ϸٻġ
ĵͷºЦЦţ滨Էźһʱ䡣òãܷžɫˣҲûºÿ
棬ͷ׺˲̾⵹ȷʵԳһ⡣
Ͽɣ۾ʱ
˳ȡڶǸġ
Ҫѡһⶬʵûʲôѡѻڲ軨ѡʢĻ軨ûʲôƷ֣˵еʮѧʿǱȻûģѡͬĲ軨Ǻѡġ
ѡһɫĲ軨ΪǧҶסɫ軨֮⣬е⻨Ͳʺɰ׺ֻһ׷ȥʹڹҲоӨС
ǣ׵ġ
ײ軨ͺ軨һ𣬻µػһ飬γһѵСʯͷ·ֶཻӦֻǰײ軨ԵһЩ軨̬ڡ
㶿ղŵľϲЩû
״̾˿Ĺ֣͸ĺ˵ţѾߣС͸ңȴһֱ
⻰С˵һ䣺ҸҲһǷɽ裬׵ġ
ֵ͹˶١ǶһۣȻЦˡ
ǵΨһĽپʹɢ
ָӣŵֿ飺㻰ࡣ
飺ãǹ
ʧЦ
ļתãĵȡһ÷Сɵ÷ǸӰģ
Сɵ÷Сɵľܣɿɰֻɫ÷ͷԽǼ򵥣ԽȤǸøС͡ںӵġ
̲̣ЩԺóȥҫҽһ׬Ǯ
͹ٶЦòС


 38 

, ҹġ, ȴǲܲ͹࣬ܰҹùЩȥϢ, ͶԸ˵һ̻һЩ, žͷšȥ棬, Ҫ̫
Ӧ
鳯ͷ͹ط, Լתͷȥ鷿Ϧ˵ƺûʲôͬԱҪʮһŷż, ô¡
˸Լ飬קȥ̻š
ǰ긮Ҳ̻ʱ۾û͸͹ӵĴһΪɼǿ, ͱ˹̻, ˡ
ڣ, ͬˣ
СȸԾ, ϻҪάºʹСģ, 飺ô
鵱Ȼ, òԼС㣺С˯, ϵ·ͷҪ
Ҳǡ
Цź˵Ǿſ̻ɡ֮ǰſڷ̣ҹǻҪſڷ̡Ҷſڡ
޴˵ÿҹʱ, նޡȻľƷӶ̶࣬Ҫŵſڵ㣬ԷˮʱţȻȻÿҹʱſڷ̵ϰߡ
ԼС˵ţ˿õģС㡣
ĺ黻ƽʹ·˴Ӳֿȡõ̻ܵſȥš
ſֺǺǸţһ̻ѡţС㣬ȷżСģٷŴġ
⻰ȡС̻
ǰ꿴̻ȥȫɫ顣ǰӲңɫ鶼һݵǰϲ飬
̻ǺһЩȼʱҪãȼֻͷϻһɫǹ⣬̻ܵĻӡǴܴôʯ̻̫Σա
ȡӣοͲͷһ¡ȻðһŻ
ĽŵϣĵƬ̣ȵȼǵ֡ٽͲӸϡӽΪƽ˸õһ㣬õĻٵġ
ˣȥǷ̻
ȡһֻɰС̬̻һ룬βϵһ¡
С̻һȼûһð⣬һ¿ʼܡ൱ţλһͷһͷżǶգøĺЦֽУڴſQ
˼СģóһЩ̻ûϵ̻أûȣûȣЩһ෭
˼ְˣæ֣С㣬ִֻͳɡҸԶһЩɱмϡ
ĸձһòóλãͷţࡣ
˺Цʲôѽһ굽ͷظţÿ껹ôǮΪүС£ҸŻɱȲɵöࡣ
ĸЦ
̻ŵſںԶһεĳϣҪ
Ľ顣
ܱܻܵߣСС㣡
кģȻ̻
ҵ죬ıը⣬ۣըĹȦһʱЩס΢ſۣ
תͷգһۣ̾
һƬõɫת˲ɢֻһЩһһµ̻գһɫǽΪȴ൱̻ͨڸ̻
Ц൱ģ˶͸һӻ졣
Դһ£Ҫ˵ûľ̾лȴԶǱ̻ķ衣
վڽͷ΢ͷϵ̻
̻һƬҲ˷·ϴһһЩ·ҹ̻ɫееɫϵżΪʵϵɾ䴹ǰࡣ
ͷһ߸ţܵߺ󣬳Ÿķ˹
ӣ̻ѣĳִ
Լ賯ԼϻŶ
裬Լÿ˵ʲôȫ֪Լ˵ʲô
ϵ̻ڰŹһݡһ죬١žһըɫͬһճ˲ͬЧżżż׺Ϸǳ΢С顣
ԭǸüһ첢һֱɫɫɫġ
ĿſţͻȻЦԽЦԽֹסԼЦ⣬ɴЦ
豻ЦһĪԼãȻߵߣСЦʲô
ЦᶼˣԼ֪ΪʲôɫôЦЦ˺һЦ̻ͣˣų첲ǶЦʷ裺ԪϦҹʲôʱӦڼžۻô
Ц˫ںһˮ⣬΢ٺ̧ʾ⣺С͹
Ŀϵ˵ţҺͷԪû絽ĵز
˫ַϣҵҪ͸С
Ŀŷ裬Ϸ˫൱͸ȴ͸ӣԪ˺ܶණôһݡ¬ҡִҪõģ˵λá
żغ£ˣ˽Ե̣׷һˣһңִһ֣ͷϡԪġԪָ߻бŮӣ󻹻ʮ
ŸĵĻеüҪأ
ºЦЦֻ˵ԪǸƭӡ
ҹ䣬վǶŲ·Ųů͡ĺͬ䴩˷·ȴɽԼ൱ůͣһ·ţŹɿɰ
ſڣмǷõĺӣ˺òϵһĺ첼ܱ߻˼ҵ̻Զȴŵǡ
к͸ദӣЩݵȴȥůӡδմڶŮӣڲ֪ΪʲôĻ
Ҳƭ㡣Ը˵ƶҴûƭ㡣ǰᣬԺҲᡣ
ɿϵ飬վڷǰԪҲ㡣ŷЦЦŮ࣬Ԫܻϸʺϵġ
̻ɲǼ侲ͣòǳϦҹ
趨ŸģСᡣڼһˣԸСȴʵġ
衣˵Լ֣עӸģСԽҵ֡ҷģֻԸ븵Сһһһ˫ˡ
ͣһ£ǹ𣺡븵Сκһ˳ףңڡ
ĸ֣һһ˵ģɡ
վǶû
ڡ⻰еײС
ڵϡ
òƯۣ˵ĳ˻һǰײǽ಻ͷִŲûΪӶı䣬Ÿһ񣺡лСҩࡣףСһ꣬ƽϲ֡
кվŸЦЦȻˡ
˵껰ˣ¸ԭضŵϹǡڡ
ƭӰ


 39 

Ϧҹ, ǡ
洦ɼĺӳ糺, ȷֵĸդڽҲѵȫ򿪣ղҹСƽղ, ·ûƵ, ȫСղͬ͸, Ҫơ
Ѳ߶ӽͷߵβƽʱɢЩ, ͬ, ˳·ȥĳӲԼ۵С
ڻؼҵ·ϣһֱ븵ġ
ܺãȻҲóƿ³޷µĳɼϱڻǰ븵ĽӴʵ, ں͸Ӵ, ֪ԼᱻܣȴûϵԼᱻܵ˳ס
, Ųûз
ͷβǻ, ҹǳϦ, Բա߶а, ΨǶһڽֵϡ⼸ϰһ, ȴ᲻¡
Ϊʲô
轫ԼóһϸǰõģŲúܡ˵ˡƭӡɺȱܾ졣
⡣
ܾ
ⶼ
֪ԼΪĵķӦ, ϸȥ
ŲһͣƯϣһ˲
ƺǽķڱԼиҪλϡ
һֱ㹻ӵ׶ʼҶһ̣վԼŮӣԼģ鸴˳Աȡ
濵̼֮ҳǮɡлһڣڴ±Ȼ˺ͨղ⣬֪ʲôλáơѲһҵķֵܺͺͨǰ̡
߻Ƕſͻ
ʵսʮļѡҲ
̫ӱп֮š
һˣȥвŵһûһڵλȨơǮ棬ͬʱȹ֮Ůġ
ܱȸĻҪһģΨкͻʼմ״ʵȻȺһҪô۾ߵϣҪôñԼ졣ˣöе㲻á
һ˼̧ۿǰ
ǰиŻ·ͷƣЦ绨
ĵ鸮ټС滻ϡ
˳òף۾Ưһ̫ѣ¡ţ˾Ȼͱӿôô嶯˶ҪִڵǸС㡭
䣬ȥڵĲϲԼȢСĶҡˡ
ǰ޹·ѹһͨΪԷӸ̶ֳȽǶȶȲϸġ
ûƭġԺ͸ĳ£ڡ
Ȩƣû˽ϲáһӣûʶ¡Ƕһӣʦδݲܣϸ˼֮󷴵ʶˡ
贽ǷԳЦ¿첽ϣԣҪô׸ϱӵôͻȻתͷ
뱲˳˳ˮķ裬оЩͷۡ
ϵĸԼ̵Ķ䡣
̡
ϵСԼС㣺С㣬ԪҪô
Ǹҿģںͷ֤һĻţҴһڣ⿴Ÿģ¸ʲôǵ¡
ĽӹſھͲˡ
һγɰ谭µߡ
ģŻеĳЦһˣŶΡŻ޻Լʾ⡰ڡˡ
鿪ɫĴӣ򿪰Ĳڷһ顣
û֣ƤͨͨƤõĽͷܼŵߡžͷ·ֵ̯ڷţд߰ݵ顣
ۣҪ
ֽʶãװʱǲɹ飬ĳͷãȥ˳ũ
ҳ˵һҳ
һᣬÿŻϴֻм֡ˮīʵصĻдʵ̼ʻ˶ڴƬ׵ɽˮУ񻹸ֲʱⱾԵüΪѵá
е塣ø̲ס·ҳ
ÿһҳһֻƷ֣滹д˻ԼĳɫӲ񣬻࣬һֱڴм䡢ֽϳʵʻյĸĶԣǸò
Ƿ֣һģһ
ķһҳžһºϣԼ÷ɿ졣
ôзˣ
ֱ׼ѨͶ׼͵Ŀϡ
Ŀƾܺܶϡ鱦Уũ飬ҲܿŸȥͳڶ
ʲô޷ܾĶ
ֻ֪Ҫ£ⱾͳûõĶװҪ»˻衣Ա˽һ޵֪ãǵ֪ʵûʲôõⱾᣬྪһ»滭ķʽһ»滭ַȻ󡭡ûȻ
Ľ°Ѻϵá
ġ
һ³
ǰһ
ʵƭҲƭˡҪû٣֮˳Ȼһһ³ɻ飬һ³ΪһˡˣִŶеϷƤ˭᲻ϲأ
Ľݸ飺鷿ȥ
ԹӦ£ǡ
Ŀű˵Ĵ̻û̻£ˣط䣬Щ˯¡
תߣ΢΢ףſЩȷţɨȥ
һɨǰţſڵϲҪС
Ӧ¡
ĴظϣԼȥ
ںͷСѯʸģС㣬Ԫ˺񲻴ѽϲô
ǰͷһ飺ϲ̫ô
ʶ̧ͷۣɻ󣺡ϲС㣬ϡ
ӦһšԪ̫ܶ˶ϲýˣʬ޴档
鱻䵭Ļ˵һ£С㣬ϲҪ˵ô˵ĻԪֲˣ̫ҲὫ˱ʬ޴氡
СѾͷû⸵ĵ˼벻ͨҲ޷⣬ͷԪɻԼС㵽״ʲô
ı鶺ЦºͰ飺ʵԼҲ벻áǸܺõˣ飬Һòܿ磬ей㡣Ҫúϧ
öݵĶʮȥðգһʤ
𺳣ͷһСϲȫȻѹԻŵִ
ϧ裬ͼ˽
ףֻ죺С֪˵ҡͷԪһ𣬲ӰСϧÿһ˰
Цˣ粻˯첻˵ҪһһƯױȥʹѹȺô
͵ͷ˯СҪͿ˪ҲҪˮȻ׵ġ
׵ʲô顣
Сӵôഺ磬곤˵
˳⣬һЪˡ
СɾǾôЩأҹҪ̻˯Լμ˷裬ڶ˯Уȴ𴲡
С㣬С㣬ˣϴ
üͷ
鲻òٶȴߴС㣡С㣡
֪𴲣ƤӲʹȫѡ
ɳĲˡƽʱôˣ
òüͷָ⼸ѾͷСӱڳֱָϴ
ıѣˡ𡣡


 40 

ڸĶǸ顣
ϴú, , 鰴ױ̨ǰڡ
·ѡ˵ģױҲͶ, ƷҲ׼ȻǶ׼, 黹ҪԷС
ͷܳС, һСĳλˣǿɾǸ顣
С۾, ԺԳȥġڸ, һӣһߺ͸˵ţﲻС۾û͸﻽СҲ㡣
ĿžױԼ, ߶߶߶ͣ˵
С㳤úÿ, ۲ҩǵ㰵ȥ˲١渵ĸˣСԺ, ͻӺÿ
΢΢ͷ, ھϸԼ۲
ȦǶİȷʵȥ˲, ױ֮¼ʲôˡųױݴϺ, ۲øԡ²ص, ܿ첻⣬ѯǣҵĻװˣɱ÷ŵ
Ӧźˡ
Цššһ
һǴ, Դ˺üƷ鴮׺ǶһſſűֵơĶЩеȤԺװ뻭УҪһһѯЩ鱦ʲô
æСѾͷȻ֪޲ԣ޲ı˴Լļ۸
αĶԳҪǸ챦ʯСҪ𡣾Ǽϸ̶ͷĽ룬涼΢һݣ۸񰺹˵һ
ֵֻЩװڸĽƷʵĶáʺ뻭ʺ뻭ݸûнֵǮ
ױãͷںáСѾͷ·ס·ɫԲۣտڣǽ߰ơǰд壬εƲơ·ϵû񣬶˼ƯĻλǸĵĻ
ȹӵ׶ǻɫ֯ߣɫӦһɫ
ϲĺɫͷĽɫĻŮӳҲôˡȥûôϲ졣
ϵЬһǺģͷϴһ˫塣
ĶԴʵڲ̫֪ЬӴ嵽жֻǿԼ;úϲ
Ծһֱͷ˲ٵӵĶϴࡣ
һԼ·ŸǰʹڹſںţȸĻʱٸϸġǽ˹ġ
С㣬ϯϴҶ̫ණҪǾöڶԵ㡣ͷǶһСһСѣǧ̫ܳšŮֻ¶ģ
ŻЦá
ȥϯ϶ೢʼϯζ
ټŮ⣬һ̫װ
˶ӣںһУҲҴҴҸϻ˸ң˽ֱӳ
ĲԼЬӣ·ƶϣȹſȥ
ԶԶȥһźĻ޵˾߽̾չһЦ׳ݣͬ˶飬ӨӨ
ں첼ϣչʾʼֵʱ
΢ŸĲԼͬһڣŸȻЦÿ
ĴһżŹձƽʱװҲö࣬ž̾ÿ
ͷ޻ѡһʯƷͷϡͱȸĴ粻ʺϸ϶ѵ̬УԸ˳٣˿ʯ
һ绥һĺһ촩ʲô

Ц
Ůӵսۣȴһֻܴȥʵ۱£ΨЬӿ΢һ㣬ʵһ˿ͬ顣
ĿģЦ
˶룬ѯʹҪˣ
Ӧţ߰ɡ
Ӧ£ϡ
գ˳ֹ·϶͸ĽŸ˼ʹϵһѣǴӻʼ˵𣺡󹬲ߣȻΪĵϡĵΪɣΪΪһȱǻʺ󡣡
һȼ֣Ƕൽˡ
Ӳμ絽ǲףԲ߽ʮϡ˵¹Ʒһ˵˲ٹ֡
һ֣ʮã
̲סЦˣģͷȽˣŽоС󹬹˺͹һϯǲһ𡣻ϡҪ㱻йȥˣֱ˵λλ¾ͺá
ĵͷ
˵ȥŮ죬һƷŮ죬һƷ
һ֣˸šŮӵƷģԱƷԽߣŮӵλԽߡַȴϯˣͨǽһƷλá
֮ܶǣʱֻҪλͿɴ֪ŮݵλΡͷЩϸڽúܣϲ
ǵʹ;̫ҺأߣԿǺӡſйŮ̫ţŮӴŮ죬ฺ̫ӴԱֵԷ⡣
ط£еΣոڹͷ
ĸŹֹ˻šش󣬴˿е
λֵصĹŮȻʶŹﺬЦ񣺡С㡣
΢΢ףˡ
ļûжԷָûгƺͳŶԷͷºЦЦ
ŮϸĵЦЦֿЩ¡λʲôҪ󣿡
￴ġ
˻ʹڲȫľӹ̶šĻǶһƽţҪˣ涫׵
˿̶ľзãҲ±䡣
Ů񣺡
ŸĽţŮǼ򵥼һûΣƷǰͷ·ͬеĻмλԱŮ졣⼸Ůλûߣ˹׷кһ񣬾һгݣøĵԸϡ
һȥĿȫڸϡ
ûһĿⶼڹǽɫϡ
ǧ⾰ʤ֮أʱĻʹɲץʱ࿴ۡڴҶڣ࿴۵ĶҲۡ
һ·Ϊ߽ϯĴͬе½½Ѱλ£͸˲پ룬ƫǰλ¡
ûʣ˷ɱסϵž޴ͼڡڷ࣬ÿһյƷ̨ͨ
һ֣յ
º󣬿Լ͸ĵλãǹ˹͸˵һ䣺۾һãλöǰˡĵݿɲ޳Ĺܱȵġ
İãС͹˵ôҶô
½½öΪ£˶˽һûڵĸоĶ⣬ЩŮĽŲᵽè߹һ㡣
ǻʹｫԼǰıǰƣԱ׼ƵĹŮ˵һҲơ
ǹŮӦҪ𣿡
ͷ
ڵλгĹŮ첽ŸǷ񣺡С㡣ʺ븵Сһ𡣡
̧ͷλŮ΢


 41 

ܱв˳Ͷߡ
ŮǷ, ܱ߼λŮλŮ, ܿ˵λݵλͣǹˡ
ﳯλŮ֣ڿһˣ
Ů̧ͷЦŻػﻹڹ, ǰȼһС㡣ǰе, һ强븵С㵱˵
ﻤŸģһô
Ůһι֣ǰЩ˵Сȫ, ﻹΪء
һûԼһȥʺϡŹЦЦ, վŴŮ֣ͷ·
Ů, ΢ʾ⸵ĸԼ
ĺ͹˵һȥȥͻءϵã˵仰ѡ
֪ܲءֻ¸ĵһμʺŲ
»ʺָֻøһȥﲻҲﲻæŸӦһȥ, 𵢸鵽μϯ
ЦЦš
ŮŸ, ȸĸϣŴͷߡǱܿŽȺ, ԷŵټŮ졣
ԭصŮ, Ȼƫ˸ġ
һλƳŹЦЦ, λҼǵǻʺǰɡѰС, ɣ
ﳯŶԷһЦЦǵġһܺá۾, 㣬ڲһˡ
λЦţȻšһѹǰʱ¬С־Ͱܱ
Ȧ⻰, ͷ͸ٴ̧̧ݡܵõʺ߿ģָ»ΡʺֵʥԺڻʵǰܵòٺôġ
һȺ˼䣬ֻ˵˱İԡ

нսôˣǺֵġ
ļÿ϶ϲȴֲǰͷ˼ˡǸŵ֣һŹشݣŲߵ÷ֺ
ɵ߽ʺ޹˻ʺȻʶϱȻҲ˸ϲĸ֡
ʺױݱȸҪׯصö࣬üۼһζ̧ڲŪԼԴϵĹΡ·ѾãԱ߹Ů·ϹΨлʺ׼Ʒ
˫ϸָ֬ɫȾɫĴָʳָϴмؽǶͿɫָ䡣ָָǰΣָΪһ壬ָͷ⣬ŪλᷢײĶ
ȥ˼
ʺȤ͹еȤһġ
ĺټܽׯغ޲һˣһ˲ԼĵȫȻȲǰˡʺע⵽Լʱ΢̧Դ̾һ˵ġܸܵԼͷƤһƬ
Ѭʺ
ûڸԼڵľޣŻʺ񣺡
ʺӦһ
ӦᣬŮӵַգ컡Ļȴ͸ĵľȻپڻʺͨĹټŮʫʫ񡣡
ʫʫ
̧ͷʺºЦЦҵ͹Ҳ˵񡣡
ʺιҺã̧ΡЩĹŮرֹȥˡǲȥ˹š
ʺͻʵ۸Լ޹һֱһ˯ġʵÿ¹̶ʱ˯ڻʺʱ˯ԸǶĳλС
Ǿ˵ʺһ˵һԵӣˮȥϯϺȡ
ĺЦ£ֻʺǽǮѳӣȴûָ߸ϵ̬Ըòǲ̫һġ
ʺԸҲˣûԼһݻ·
ĺͻʺ˵ţҲûСֻǷҪ㣬ʲôƵ飬ǻ˵һ䡣Ҳᡣ
ʺ΢΢ף˵񡣡
ϸϸŸģݸǺ˵³ǽԪʫʫ˻һ㲻񡣻ǵϣǹ͸ģѰġ
ļԪԼģһʱö⻰ʲôۡ
û뵽ʺտʼͻᵽԪ
ڻʺԣһԶûԼĺҪʺһתͷͺ͸ĸ˵ʫʫйȥЩ顣
Ǹܺõˡõʲô̶أҾŮӣ˿ɼһʺߴӸƿת𴦣Сһ𳤴󣬶ࡣ
š
ڵӶġǰûڵ˺ö١Զʲô棬óǮһܰѼǮϸ£ҲǷˡʺס˸鼸䡣
̿
ʺ˵ţﵹûô黭ͨڵʱĴҹһһˡ̫ϲȴʺϹӣա
΢΢ͷˣȻûˡ
ʺЦһ̫ϲ˼Ҿ͸ϲФҡԼҡлҡҡûһСƭŵġأһûϡ
ʺ˶٣ǵøĺ׷ʣأΪʲôҵһˣ
ʺȻ̾˿ýɫļָ˴ӣ¡˭ţͶﲻš˭ܿסʲôȥͬ˭ܱǮ
ģ
ΪôôϤ
氮֣ҲŮɫż޸Ҳͼˡŵͷǿǿȷʵûۡʺ˵¶һ˿пвС
ĵûʺ㣬Ųȷʵ궼ôݡ
ȥλȨء˺޲ýӼ޵Ƕȥ˺޲ðͷȥҡƣһһǹЦһȺûۿĶ
ŻʺˣͻȻЦ
ʺЦüЩ˵ʫʫңƼԴȥ󣬾ټҰȥˡ˾ǾǸĽʿжԵʣǣھǷ졣ǲã¸ɴȥر߹ءԺز˵͹￼ǽ϶࣬ǲ˵
ĵһ˵Ƽң㶡
Ƽҵˡ
ʺ˵ô࣬΢ͷԼǰׯ޵Ļʺ벻ףʺΪ˵ôࣿ
ʺָ΢һǺǰûκεı仯ɤǸϲɤ·ƶеķˣöúܡ
Ĺ˵ﵱж飬Ǿ㻹СԻûϸ˵¶ͱʮ¾˹Ͽ
Ȼϵˡ
ǣʱ¶Ļһˡ˵˭Ϊʲô¶ƾʲô¶ʺ̧ۿģŸЦչȴûκЦ⣬㱻ô꣬Բܣȴ֪ܲ
۾긮լøľӶƽů
ĳøĶˣڹٳȨʱܳһգڵ¡ס²Ҫ
ڻʺĻȴøȻѣԹƽůӣΪǰڷ絲ꡣԲȥǣȥܣȴ֪ܲ
ߣ쿪ʼҵĴٸ_(:١)_ͼͣ

 42 

, Ѭ¯ϻðһİ̡
ʹǰ, Ů̫ǲʵۺͺŮԳݸڡһû˵, š
ĵͬסɿ, סһܵе޷ʷ, ˶ǻģڴ, ֪ܶ¼, ȴɲһ
Ѫ⣬ںƽʫʫԼ¶ԭ򲻼򵥺ȻЩƽյ̺򶨡Żʺ, ôһ˲롭
ʺĺԼͬô
ʺԼЩûбĿô
ʺͷһ, ֻǽԼĿķһЩһô
ǧ˼ת˲, ķԼĳλĺ˵, Ķ⡱ˡӦôƽô
Ѳ, ȷʵڸ顣
Ҫ, ֻεأʺͬ, ϣԼܹúű˵ĺãҲмҪǱڰеĻˡ
ƽ룬֣سԼһֱصȥŻʺº˵һ֪ˡ֪˻, ֪ñԼ֪ܼܸҡ
Ϊˣҡ
Ů𾪺ͻҶݵԹƣ͵ơʺʫʫǺڵĸĲͣϧǼ˺ܼ档
۸ģȷûбԼĻŻվһģһһģһûϸ˵ȥ
ļʺȻ
ʺ֣ƿŮŹ񣬾ʺԸһ֮ĸĴߵεģеĶУǸڸȻ
ʺЦӯӯʸģԸȻȥһ볡
Ľ̻壬ºͻػԼȻȥСõȼˡ
ʺЦһСѾͷǻ
ڻʺǰСѾͷıСѾͷʶЦֲЦ̫ԣֻ򴽡Ȼ򴽣û۾Ц⡣
ʺϸ۸ģǹգգýָͷ˸üģǵãʲô鴦ˣѰҡﲻ˵æҿԡ
İûܵüʹָͷԲģỮˡ
üӦá
ʺԸ㣬Сȥ
Ӧ
ĳʺ𣬸뿪ʺȸԶһΣֲ̧ŪһԼͷϵƷŶߴĶ¡
˻ٶȿڣ߰ɣ˵ȼˡ

ϯŮǻϹϹġ
ĻʱߵʱۣȻصԼλ¡ϻһᣬŵǳЦ뿪ĺۼ
һģ˵ʲôˣ
ϵһڣɣ˵˵ǰ¡˵ʱɲŵ
ЦЩүӱ˺ܶࡣ
ʱǨûϵ˶ɳˣʫʫԶǸ͡
ķ±һ´ͷϴ꣬ȻԼͿĴ֬æ죬ϵ΢ڴϰ˰
˻᲻ܹ֬ûδ֬ĸ˼·ǳؼ⡣
ʺµ
йŮ
Ůһαʺµ
ٿ䰲ղŲϵ˵ʧˢˢվ񣺡ʺ£򰲡
Ŀͷͼʺ֣һԼλֻ̧˻ӣɣģЩþš
·ˢˢӦǡ
ĸ¡
һλŮ쵹ǲû¡ø̬ʮ㣬۾ˣؿڹ̲һܹʮָÿһ˽ָһǮ˼ҳġ
Żʺ֣ŵľ£¾ҪȥһòͣȻϵһЩͽĿ
ĿλŮ죬⻰˵úܻˡ
ںʱܿĿûĿУͷҲ޷߼ͨ˳뷨
ȻԶи羫ȴûôŵŮЦһתͷȥʱֱӳ췭˸ۡ
ģ
ʺ˵þţǻͲˣǰҪѹ˵ôΪʲôһˣʲô鶼ܸɳ
иŮӿúܣ¡ҿĿǰʫһ㣬һղáס
ǱŮ춷ˣߵŮȫһԣ·ʲôûһ
ĿֳͻȻͬ˻ʵۡʵǲÿϳ޳һһǳҪ㲻һʾԼڸС
ʹЩǣ֪ƽʱǲҲôϷ
Ӵ˵ʲôأ껹ҪʫǼûÿؼʫˣҲ֪ôģᡣ̼ŮԼһ۵ģ
һλŭӣ㣡
ͷʺ￪ڣ͵ʲô㣬
˳ǰһԵĹŮȡ񵥣ɨղſڵλη͵⣬͵ͶĶմͼ
ʺﳯЦ־֪λˡ
λ̺Ц֣˵ԼҲһġ
ʺһ㣬пʲôģ
ڳзĶҪ˿Լ´˿Լ֡˭Ҳи񵥵Ļڡ
ɨһ񵥣ػﻰз˶͵һƬ⡣붫ļûйϵȫǷĳϡǻ˼ÿһ⡣
˵÷ǳˮ׼һ˶û
ʺЦȻˣһͷһúϸ˲Ųλ⡣ڻǺһȿĿλأ
˷׷Ӧ
ȫûһ̾ôȥˡ
ʺΪһ֮ĸܹԦôˣӦǰľֱд¡ݻż裬һһЦԼе
ٶȿλˣλѶ£ʹ࿴ᣬʱҲٳڡ
ڽĿϳʱ̣̫ҴƵڻʺߵ䡣΢˫ۣæĻݸʺС
·˵߶ڻʺϡ
ֻʺҲ¶һ˿⣬չЦϲ°Ƕд
չ̫æӦǶѾ֪ˡ
ʺ֣Ŀϲ⣺һҼʮϲǵλǵ⡣
Ⱥ廩Ȼ׷׳ϵء
ҲǾһ£æԱ߸˵һʮСϲ¡
뵽λ԰ĹӣЦЦȷʵǴϲ¡
ʺʵеˣװǸ⣺Ҫȥ翴һۡϯһվɣλԱ㡣
Ҳ⣬׷Ӧ
ʺ첽λãЯ£ܿӵڹ˳ȥ
ڼ﷭ţʮӵĺһλǻţеʮʮӵĵһλӡռλʮӵĵӡ
Ӽһǳڵˣ۾΢΢ɴ󣺺óԣ
֪ͲԱˣ
ߣʱʮ̫̫Ƹѽ~ȤĿȥղһ~
ԡǧķϵճbyʱʮ
ҶʮĺǧȻ֪ԼǱ˵ũŮ
Ӵ˵ﲻǵļҡ˶ռλõ˱ˣۿ̱
Ҷûжԥǧ𻻻ݡ
֪ũҵҲ׵

˼֮ǰŵ֪ԭԼĺǧһأ̰ԼĶ˻ҰҶϳ˺
ֻؿҶӺŮΪС֮ŮΪ೾Ӵ˱Ŀ
˭֪תҶַ֦ͷ˹ʧɢŮٳ費˵߸ϵ̫ӵ£׷ȹǡ

 43 

ϲϼϲﱸĽĿַ, ŮǰĲƷ껹һΡ
ı߳Ա߿, ߿߳ԣɹԼסˡ
ŮȫǺ¶ˮ, , زɣʲôúóԡͷĲƷÿһѡϾ;ϸѡ, ʱµϣǰöСʱ, ͷʵ
Ŀݵһ, ʺ¹ϲͷһַר˸µĽĿ
Ŀ꣬ʺְŹȥ, ڳȺʱʱ, ʱľԹۡĳס֮Ҳٶද꣬쵽, ŲһԼ
ˡ
ע⵽Ķ, 㵱Ц˼ɵϯ, ǰ˴, 渵ĵסһߡ
Ӵ, ʲôޣⶫҲܿ죬ЩͰ˵ġһ굽ͷ͸Ҷʲô͵ģʺ, һԿ̱ŮͻأŸնһֲꡣ
̧ͷֲ
ҩ
ҩǰֻ֣ҪһõҩҪϸĽ޼ղγҪģ˷귨ҩ
Ƕ䣬ҩҪ¶Ĳʮ»ʮһ¾ͻҪŻǰ˻ʢУƷַǳ࣬˱ͱĵȥͷ̯÷µģھǳͷ
ϾǶ̫ˡ
û뵽ô컹ܼһûпҩʱɲףҪܿ˻Ǽֵ±ǰ軹Ҫϡа١
ǰȺ˱Ȼ뵽ҩֻǷǳʺлģü뻨ƿ߻廨Ϊڵ£ά̬һ¡
ûиϵȫˮŭһ¡
磺ʲô֪Ǯܱȵô
ǲ֪ʲôֻ˶ǮҾ֪ûҵĶŵþãҪŻţˮʩʡ̾ҲǡҲԼˮʩʣ԰ɣ
˫ۼҪ˺һЦ𣺡Щܷϸɡôޣܱȵùǵô
⻰ǳýӡ
˵˵ţȺ˺ԼСĳɾͣȲˣöڶŽҼˡתɵǰܵñһޣζЦ
ҼҹŮҲ˲áѽĸʮ߻ӺúãҪںסʮ߻ż꣬˵Ҳ֪ɶʱܳء
΢Ƕһһչ˺ǲþˣȲЩòĹǲֳɵĺáҫҲڡ
ǶȨûóԾͳԣúȾͺȡȴЦЦԼǰıǰơ
˺óԣúȣ˵ûȴһ䶼
ʲôæְסģȰ֡
Ĳ
ʺ˵ԲȥЩ߰£֪ܲɵ֪һ㣬ôܼԶӻڸĴС㣿
ºЦţҾǿҶչʾԼ񣬾öͦġұȲ٣ûʲôºҫƾŸ׶ǰͷֶ˵ġ
ĵºͣҧַǳ
ԱŮĺٻܻ˼дһȴûһڹٻ˵ú;ԺЩһ
Ǽ˺˺ȥŮ˺Ҳ̧ܸߣڸ˵䣬󲿷˶˸
ĵĻ˵úȫǿӹλλģûʲôȥֻмǿԼġ
ǫȴɳӰһˣȻ˼
һŮ캬ЦģСͻСֲФܿŻǵġ˵븵СһȫӲλá͵ó񡣲֪Сʲô
ĵӼֵϱȲŮ쾫׼ġ
ƿһЩְģλŮ칰֣͵ĶҲûʲôԼĻѰʮлˣһﶬҪյĻûһӿţʵҪķѵʱ䣬һʡȥһ
һȺŮãȻӣøĵÿǶöôƴһ𷴶ˣ
ʲôл
ʲôһ
ӦñʻôΪʲôʡȥ
Ī⻭ʼãͬһ
û뵽СФһóֻǹªˡһλŮЦ֪ܷҿһۣҲѧϰѧϰ
⻰ǰʵȴǽ͵˸ɽ֮ۡһ㲻ãһ׹ɽס
ĺЦҡͷҲóֻ˿סͷ뽫ҵȡ
ԭֵſѲλŮλߣڹŮУźλˡһλŮһŮʹ˸ɫһǰȹǰСĻУҾȥȡ
˵СˣһŮ£תǰԶȡ
ͷ󲿷ֹŮϢ֪ͨʺϲС㣬Ȼ︵С㡣мŮǺ͹ټŮģͷһ裬ѱʲô
λŮ첽ȥȡ˻ȷ泯ϣ˺Լһ˻ع
Ů춼һЩȤź棬̽ͷ뿴øһЩ
ߵ룬⹬ŮٶЦ£лл
˵л⺱һ㡣
ŮϿκ飬ֻ˵ԣҪ︵С򿪣
ľװãڲ⿨סŻУҪŴ򿪣־е㲻ԸŮžͺãվмҴ򿪡
ŮӦվڹ룬渵Ľľкãƽš
ĸ˵ѣչʾһƽţбţôҶͷĶ
Ů΢бľС
ĽľеĽ۴򿪣ϲĸƿóӣõĺĵʽչǰ
˶֪ĵޣ˾ߣ޹ҩ޹¼޹°ٻĻעӺݻ̬ɫǰһɰһԶЩĵҪĿöࡣ
һ䲻գӵһľ˾ľʵڰۣôܹһ軨أ
¾˵ˣǻôܷľ
˷Ӧ˵ǻôѵ⻨Ǽٵģģ
ǻǻ滭׵ʲô
İɣٻҲ֪ʲôӡۼԴ⣬޻ͷΣϻоͷΡҲ˱רķ滨
һȺŮ쾪㵿վǶĸģǧ붼û뵽˵ĺĵĻҪǴ׵Ÿ겻⡣
ꣿ
Ů쾪ʳôܷŸꣿ
Ҳ˻ɻٻ⽫ɻɻҪ֤ɫʣҪиӹ衣ֻڡ
ûԱ̰壬Ц˵ţҾ滨ı£ȲФֻͺͻʺ˵һ⣬ûʲôġǸϲӣͼˣʲôҪӵģҪλϲѰһҲá
ˣʺֱӴ
ߣдҲֿܻЩɫΥ͸еģˣʺ󣬰ûôһЩɫΪûоôิӵԶ˭̫͸һƿߵġΪֹľǶ˭εĸģͶ˭Ǵеķ衣󡭡ɫʵںö࣬ΪֹǰڣǰյĹؼˡͷͺ

 44 

ʺֹܽס, ˵ıԼݡ
ֹܽס, ȷʵڲͬ
ԽǺĶԽ˺, ԽҪӵС
ǻʺһ, ͷҪǶˣǷͷǿҪ, һʱ, ˶档
лҼ븵õ, ̿ϸģ˼ҸҪͷСˡ
ĿλˣЦӯӯϲСĻǴģпʱڣϴջ㹻ҿǽȫ겻ܵ滨۾ź, Ҫʱ, ֻһ
һ䣬һ
һǽ, ǿɺһСɲͬĶѻ׾ܴﵽʱЧ, СⱾ, ҪΪټŮͷС³衣
翪ڵλҲûϵı»С, Цǵȴ, ϸ
ֹˣСѾͷģˡ˸λ¡
˳ӽľиϣԸŮͷͻȥлл
ŮӦ
¸, ˲ŷʵľԭҲ͹һȣý·ĻסȻٶϸҲѿˡ
ϧһ˼СⱻͻȥеĲɡ
ϯŸ볡мڸߣ滨ɻ顣
ĽԼܸ֪Ķ֪ˣԼıĲƷʵδл滨ҲУֻһ໭Ҫˮ޼ҪȷϼѡݱȻҲɽȻͬģ
˶о̾ȥ˼
ʵѧԼҲԣ
ĵͷȷʵԣֳ϶нÿһֻʺϵ¶ȲͬҪǷͬƻ϶ࡣƽҪǶԴ˲óҪѧݻܶࡣ
һλķϧһֱɡҼôҪڣûʱĥϸµĻ
ԱһλЦŴȤǶҪ˰ɣȷʵࡣҼҲһҳһţԺĻûڣĻȥѧ¶
ʧЦ
ŵ»û߹ʮʵ̫ˡ
˹ſڣλ˷׷ϳ븵Լ𡣸̺ԼҸתͷŹＷüŪۣ
ﺬЦҪϯûһͺ
ģ⣬ˡ
ȹûɽһƬʽȹȫ伸ɿܣɿһ㡭Ҳôһ㣬ȹֱӻعȹӷǳأǹ̶ãĻ߶Ħġ
װʲôûɹӣʩʩȻʲôˣʲô֪
һ
׼ִ˻س̣һȺ˳Ƚλá
ĸܵ΢ŲλãĽŲյƿӡɻ󿴹ȥ֪Ϊʲôղһˣôڶ˴ӹг
ԱŮ첻ͬʱģҲһЩˣĪǸǳˣ
ȴйŮ·һԹͳ˻ʹ
ˣŴԶԶűѰ˶һΡ·κε壬˻ʼҲõĿ
ͷĹŮڹŮһ񣺡»عؼǵտû¡͵λһ¸լ
һһߵĽ΢ţȻǳء
Ŀ˵òסʮӺʮǾҲų롣
ͷͣһкüʮӺʮûйעκһֻת˲䣬ʮ̧ۿ˸ġ
һһ£Ÿĵ˵ͷ
һֱעʮȻ˳Ż߳Ŀȥ
Ůӣ졣
ע⵽΢һ£ǣʮϳһ䣺
ʮһֱŻڼλСӡԭǸŮӡ֪ļҵС㣿
ʮˡԹԱϤ֪ݣǸҵǸġ
ܵƺûоøʲôˡ
ʮʶǵԼ˵ʮǰж˫ĿʧȻɵֻܱڸСڸжȫ±һͰѰ̽Ϣò
ʺ븵ĵĸֿѣ˼ʮ븵ĶסǸĸûӦǸıϲʡ
λãԭǸĵġ
ǰ긵ͻȻתٳɵ˫Ҳ𽥻ָʱһԼɻ磬һֳԼôûһͳꡣڼû˻ᵽǰûɫ˵£Լٳûӣʺͻ룬ǣߡ
ԥһ£ǿڣ˵¡
ʮӷԸͷ̻ظ
Ӧ
ʮӲųԼͷšｻáҪã»ؽʱ˵һ
Ůӣܷġ
ʮ֪ԼзһٶۣԼӽӴֱӻѡ޹˼ɵͷڿͷȴû뵽»ȫץص㣺ҿȥã
ʮӳĬһ£һô㲻ϲ
ʮܿסֱʻЦãôɲϲˣڶԸľǸ΢һЩ˵ϲ˵ϲϲ
ܹżһ棬ʱЦ˸ġ룬ܹûţ㲻漯״Ȼ
ִӸ£ʮ˵˸ǰФңͶѧʱ˵Ʒ˺͸ġ˵ʺ綩¡
ʱҲû֪꣬ж쳣ֲµûؼǿҪԼһ˯ʱˣ±㽥ǣֱаż޸ʮĻָˡ
ʮȫȻû뵽Լ¡ʮˣԼԺ
ҡҡͷ㸵ûж飬ƷҲͬġøļ޸κλʼˡ
ʮɻ󣺡Ϊʲô
ʮӻһ¡
ʱ̫ԶƷ˵ļºˮԸĵļҲһСӡȷʵ˵дﻹȤʹֻƷܾˣƷûֱ˵Ҳ²Ǿüʼң˻ʼϣİɡִҪ޸ʣ˵ǻܡ
һ빬ʺĸ£һ鸮ܳ谮
˹۵㲻ͬᳳܡ
ʮܹ⡣޸ʮгһʮ߻˵׼ȻżвʣҴ⡣
֪·ܳԼѧݣѧɳѧᵱһԺ󵱺һλߡǻʺ
ʮȻȭ£
ʮӳ̴Ц£ӦûƷ˵ԸѰһˡܹ׸ѡϼѵѡ
ʮ˵ͷ
˵ˣʮƭԸûκŮ֮˼
ҪռҲá


 45 


¼˷ɽ軭, ľн, ͷһľ䣬һ˫΢ľ, ȷûκײ, ˵ž䳵ϣϸԸͻˣһҪܺĶ, Ҫײˡ
ͻӽľӹ̶䳵ϣЦ, ô, ֪ôҵ˾ġ
ˣҪġ
Ҿ֪˵ľʲô·ߡͷ࣬һ, ͷǶý
ͻЦסǷ˴
¶ͻ¶һЦݣǷ˻, Ҫֿӱ͡
ͻ𾪿£ͻûôҪרͻغܻ
»֣ܡЩ͵ǡӱҲ顣
ͻͷš
һ˦һϵСϸޣ֪ˡ͵ŻͷȻ, ֲ㡣
Ҳ, ߴ٣Щߡ
ͻֽ, һ˦䳵ܶͷȾҪСһȦ, ëɫ, ȥܾòʲôǮ˼һҪּˣһ۾ܷ֣ɹ
СһȦ, ֻҪѱ׵һһҹκνʳսȼĺǮҫֻϵĸ߹
Ȼƽʱͻ˿ɲ˿Լʳ޲ýԼС赽ȥ
˵죬һ㶼ûвڰʱֵĿĵأᳵ·ƼҺš
һһвмӼͻˣͻ˴ϸɵƤһ㲻ǲȥǣôͻˣ
ͻ˵һԼ䳵Ͷڣ
ӵͷŴ򿪵ôЩÿλã
ƼҺͦ󣬳뷽㡣
ͻ˽䳵ǣţ˵ŻˮҺȿ¡ҵˣʲôóԵûУʰ
ƳԭԽԵȡ
ȡˮٰǣǶǵװʳ䳡ǹֱȥѰǡ
ͻӦһ䳵ϽӣȻľ䱧ڻƼ䳡ȥһ仰ûʲôûǴ
֪಻Ǻ¡
Ƽ䳡ܱ߷˸ʽܸĶٶõһݡ䳡룬һװֳһ滨ǹһƬ
滨ǹǳحǹͻحϵıӧŻحҩԵȼحҩˣˣ˵ɱʵԶǳǿһ
Ϊحҩʱ滨Բŵõһ˺֡
ǧ滨Ư
ǹԳж̺Ϲһһʽк緶˸Ѱκ©ԹǺգᱡľװȴû䡣
·ʲô̶أһȾǻܿ·³ǹ˵Ȳ⡣
ͻ˿䳡ԣ䳡ӺƽĶҼӼ͹ˡ
һתŤһ˻ҪѵĻȣ£׼ͻˡŵͻ˵һڨЦţŵ㡣Сһ
ǹ
ûͻǵ˾Լ滨ǹϼϸãߵͻߣʣģ
ͻ˾ˣͷظǡȫҸʱͻġ˵ǻ²û͸¶
ƽӹӣ֪ˡݶһ죬ûʲôҪؾȥ
ͻæͷǡ
ƽ΢˵ľ䣺̫ˣҪ˵ǻֻʲô
ĬŽľԼ䣬ٻһ·תͷڸǣһƥšһߵǺţǴӺֱǰ˳ǽ⡣
ƼڽһԺԺӺܴͷ˺١
ڱԺˣÿһǴսģȫһ⡣
ſԶ䶯˶̴ſͷһƥԶͷӻһľ䣬Ŵ򿪵ôЩԵȣͨһ
ƽ΢΢ס
˳ԺȥŲòѰˣֻһϸȻѵ˶ʮ׿⡣
ƽǳԺ
Ժζ㣬ſڹŶڹŵмʾԺǰЩǳϲӭһꡣŵ˸ܵһ
Ƭ̣ͼ³֣룬ڵˡ
ƽȥ
˽¹غãٶǶ
ԽߣԽܸܵԺ˼̻Ǿ鱦ķ˵ġƽϰĻûò죬ֱߵǰڡ
ǰŮڵͷԼϲ̧ͷƽȻһЦ磬ôȻˣ
üһ죬ױȴһɾԵƯޡüܿһµĺۼЦº͵ɤ˺͡
˭һ۾ϳھȥʮʫʫ
ƽľŵϣ˶˵ǻǸ͸ġ
ʫʫϲ˫ۣ˲ϲԼϵĲɿĲߴա˫ֲôľ䣬ϲͺ棺ҪʲôĻô
ƽ֪
ʫʫӺһ۾ͼķɽ衣
Ҫһ»ȴʶͣסָ֡ȫǺɫģʺʻĻ
ԡ
ⲻʻ
ʫʫǰֿ˿̾ǸɻѽСһܸͦɵġɻѽ
Ļϲû飬Ӹˣ磬㿴ġ
ƽӦһŶеЧ
ʫʫЦӯӯºͻƽĻ۾ȴһ㲻ϴӻŲСһ۾ˣڶŸɾˡؾǺһ
ԶΪκתŶԺһϽؾȥﻹҹϡһһ˽ӹǡȥʲôǡ
ʫʫЦ٣ҽóֲǵھǲȱ˵ϰ˾ӣ¶ܵסǵôĳйɣҪ֪һţǷҲҪɵ²Ҫ
Ҫ֪ʫʫţҪɹ²ֹһһȺ
ţᣬȴֻܰοԼҲǣŮҪġҵŮʲôʱһɵǵ׵Ҳǵ
ƽӹ֡
ü粻ǻʼˣÿضôʲô
ӱ˵ʫʫһ𣬻ýǰƽһ硣
ƽվǶһǹֱͦš̬㿴ǻ־ǵӣ˶ıԣıԵĶࡣ
뵽Զھ߾ӵλλһӣǱǰλƽƭ˸ת־ʵںЦ
ʫʫ̧ͷӣҪҪһ뾩ٲһ龩顣ȻǶܹǲġ
ش󺵣ҳһֳ࣬¶顣òһиһ䣬׻һЩûŪס
΢һ£شʫʫ˵ɡ
ߣǰþ͸ɾ߽չ

 46 

, Ѭζ, ʵϣŶ̫һ
ٹ, Ӧʮһʼݼ, Ȼ˳֪ղ֪ղˣְ, ˽뾩
̫ɤϸǲ, ȥûκ˽ʵ, һעڻʵϡ
ϣʵɢ˰֣֪ˡ
̫£һԺš
ʵ飬һûһô档Ϸһ², ˮһС, һһ֡
˰죬ںԼλ̫˵ղ֪ΪϾ֪Ͼ, ɡ
̫๪ǡղòִ, ֪ղϾ, ӦֻгŶԡ
֮, ô֪أ
ʵһ֪, Ϊ˸ղ֪Уղھ﷢顣ղ֪нǣԺꡣղ֪̫ҡʵ, ղ֪ӵ˳Ϊ٣˴ʥ⣬ǾԼһνղ֪һ١
Ŷǽ赶ɱ˰ʵһ㾪棬ǲ뵽һ޳Ⱥӵĵ
⻰˵ȷʵǣ̫಻ҽӻ
ʵ豭˿ڲˮ۾ϸò衣
ʱ°նڷ٣ȺʵۺԱģûôšÿʱĪӸQþͻ⡣
Ȼϻһò
ŰɡʵƷдĲζʹ̫˵ţͷҲࡣһһ޵ıô࣬пһһ
ûգ̫пա̫˵һĶȫ֣ճ֮һǽԱⱾ౾ܽᣬȻûʵ۴
ŶˡͷҲææôҶһǰ¶ˣĶŵ󡣡ʵ仰ĵ·
װԼʱû
벻Ҫʰˣ顣󳼽˽˶ԹŵɱˣǼֱӡ¬ֵѧô
һԱҲ֪ܲܳһܽԺڷġ
ʵٺڲ裬ȴˣͯϲС񣿡
̫Ӧǡ⼸ȥ밲⽫óһ˵ǻܷųţֻҪóûʲôġ
ʵЦһ£˶ʤ졣
̫ٶӦ
ϲỨ̫󣬼ʹӰ죬ͷͯҲԼá
ʵ۽Ӹ£վʾ̫·߰ɣȥЩƸֵģʲô¶̯ˡ޵ȥϲ
ﱲúԼϲһ㴮ŻҪҸɣʵ۵˼ʱ޷⡣
̫Ƿǰͷ·

ƹͷۣûɽŪķ
ֻϷʱīͳȥ棬·ߵСϿɫСͷһ˿ر˳ۣȴ˽в֡
Уҩĵɽɣ˺ȶԻ̵еôʣǡƷ
ʵ͵ģɴϹѡ˼ֱĻҩĵĻɣһ͵˸ƹûȥԼȥ˱䡣
û뵽ǣͻ˻һĪƹ񣺡˵ǻҲͦϲ»ƷҪõģάֻ̬ĻɡŶ˵ԺյĻܻҪֻҪĻҪģÿȥһ˸
ƹпǴ˼ңѹָһ·ߵλá
̬ȵײһָǸԸҪɵʲô飬ȴ˵úƸ˻ӡƹѰ˼˰죬ÿǸСֲ׼øǶĶԼ·
۸Ҫúĥ
ܺ͸ǣϳߣԺȶǮ·ӡƽ¶ĺûᡣ
˺ܶ࣬øСǸе˼еֵĴС㣬ȴû뵽λСֳˣȥǴ̡
żӵ¿㣬㲻۹⣬̼ʺ̵ֽʦԼҪĹߡ
ߣͷҪо׼Ŀ̶ȣһüƬ״
ӣҪβӺãܹϸ΢Ķ
ס롢һƽһ׿̵ߴ粻һϻǯСͷ
ʱ׼ȴû뵽ʦҪϸµҪڲòֳʦÿĴҪ
С㣬ÿһҪģߡģߴˣҲû˻ҪĶ۸ܸߣֵʦԽԽͷۣ㿴̵ƬǾϸӻһ
ĶЦ£ǸĥһƬͷˡҪĵطֲڵҲԡⶫԿǹҳȵȣҪǸ㾫ϸ
ʦĥһ£Ϊѵͷɣԡ
ǰֻ˿̻õóЩߣҪǮǻˡƽջɶ࣬רӦСͻء
˫ò̸ףĵ㻨Ǯ˸⡣
ǮɹǮؼҡ
ڳϳ̾һ껹ûǮˡ
ڱ̯ǮС㣬ڻʣǮҪǳԱһЩǿԳԺþãҪԺһ㣬һٶáûˡ
Ŀϣ˵ԷˣҾҪÿĻǮ
ǿʹ󣬲ζȱҪһЩ˵ǵǲ͵Ķ
ʻƽȣɲྵһʯͷһ¡
ıߵԴ뿪ڣƹһײڳϡ
鶼ˣС㣡Сû°ɣ
ԼԴ΢ѹһ£֪飺̫۰
æԼҵСѽɱĲˡһǰͷϱ˼ҵǻҪͣ
ֻԴϣûĲɰ
˽ײôһ£ʵûʲô˵
ͷҲѯʣСû°ɣ
İͷ򣺡û£ظС
ףǸСôˬǸĲϤ
ƿɻͷһƷϼĹӸ硣λƺʱû˵ʲôλõǰšʱƺ¬Ӹ
⹫ӸЦклСһ÷ôҺѾڸ¥ԼˡСûʲôϢСҪҪСһгҰһ¬ġ
˼ҵŮȷʵʶӼշż٣лղｻãȻ֪ղҵ顣ϲ¬ңҲϲ¬ҡ˵ĵ˾ˡԼ͹Сһ˵
ɸ΢㶡ȥɹôǶ֪
ɣܣҪؼˡ
леϧҪؼҰ˵һһηͷϲǻ͸ֲ죬ȣؼһ˺ü졣һ㶩ʲôء
뵽Լƶ⣬ʱ˿ڷ磺ȻлôԼ˼پܾСҲûϵ
лǾ»ٽ
ĵͷҪʲôĻ
лЦԷʱ˵ɣͷøλáԱ߸ָ·
Ӧϡ


 47 

ﵽ, н졣
лһָ·, һߺܸˣҳû˸С㡣
ڴȤлҪ, һ÷ô
лͷԵùֲ˼, ǰû˼Ҫ˵
ʧЦ, 黹ǡ
лָֺһ·ż͸˵, һû͸С˵ȥԵҾ¥Ǹֺž¥, ǱصġͷԷĶϿ͡ǼľǶ

Զ˼Һܶ࣬ƷڸкӪãǴٹ˻ƽ, ϲһ㡣
ڻʹеϯ, һҲڶĶ˺Сһ飬˵֭ˮ, һȥûüȥζûˡ
֪¥ĶζΡ
л˸ĵ, Ť˵طϾ¥ƫƧ·ֻܹһһ˲šߵͷ߽ĳԺܳ
¥µĺ, дž¥ĺ첼ɡ¥Ϊ, ˺ܶࡣ
ĸ, ͱлСżġ
ĺԸһŸлһߡ
ŸģҲ˵ͷ
۾¥, תͷСȥʱͣáԼѡŸߣھ¥ﲻԶĳԺóϻظĳûˣϾ˸ٶȳŲϴ˵׼һλ˸ĵר
ų˼񻹸ĵİȫ
Ľͷˡ
˼һһ£ãȻһŵл
лϽ˫ܣλղСղ֡ҵֿѡλǸС㣬ǧ𡣡
ղæ񣺡С㡣
Ļ񣺡Сղ֡
ղ꣬ŸЦû뵽лὫСԭֵֻܼŹ⼸վһۡٹЩҷˣлҪعӼ࣬ʱϡ
ºͱʾ·лӡѰ˸ͷһˡ⻹С㡣ЩҲû͹Сϵֻ»һ𡣡
ղ⻰˸Ļ˼˵ϸлż֮װףûʲôϵ
ϾһδȢһδޣһԷ˵л
ղЦл۵ԭˡ
лװһ޹ô죿ﲻǮаŶСֵҲǵøǮ
Ľס
ȵȣǳԷطʲô飿һӼѧһֹԱôô카һˣ費ǲûжô
ĶһѧӵճȫȻİ֪ѧӳײѧӵĸжߣ֪˲ţǽ֮ͿɽӼѧϰֻҪԼϰԸȥѡ
ȻлύϻƷɺϣ
ⲻ˶롣
ǰԺܶǴ٣ѱȻǴ
ټҪԼĶⲻǷô
һʱԵ£Ц£ȻҪˣҺлӲ˵һ¹ڻ顣
ղʧЦʶվȷʵɵʾС
һͬ£ΪڳΨһСѾͷ˶˲ˮ
軹ûл˿ڲ裬͸˵Լ׵󣺡˾ͷ뷨ܶ࣬ϲСĻ˵Ǹɻģϧûܼ
ղź棺ʲôĻ
лѼ򵥽˽ĵһ죬С㵱ʱϯչʾԼúĵɻĻźһģһŶԣǱ滨ÿ滨ǵ֦Ҷĵʢĵ˴Ƶġ
ֲȡӪޣ滨Чڻ˲ٵĶ⻨ȷʵ滨ÿ
Цǫлӿˡ滨ı滨ÿ
ղȤҪǸСпգҲ붨һ֪һҪãԷŶã
ÿҪʲôٿҪٻòһЩϸϸԼⶫױûɻɾҪһܵʱ䣬ջһЩҿԶһЩ
ղ˫ǿԡҪǸС㷽㡭
лİҵġʲôţһҾҪһ
ղЦҪӻɡ
ļ£ãҪģ
л룺Ҫһ׼Ҹǽϡ
ղ︽飺лһͳɡ
һӽӺ㣺ǵ򻨵ӣȷϡʱǽҾͿʼһĻԺȤҲҶ
׷׵ͷ
лֺǺǣԪ˰ҪֻŵС󡣡
ŲϤɵøͷһתӣżſڡ
ʲôŵƿţһۿͷԼĸģŲͣס
ô
ɡĳºЦ£ԼȻһЩǺлһģû뵽лǺСղԼԪԼķ
չЦ£Լ˵˵ͷٺ͸˵һҷͺá
ģǵڶˡ
лû뵽軹ϵʱڱϾôû뵽ϵķǸСҲлղ
ɨлĪ⡣żŹϣСʲôԵôӦòСĿζ
ղǳ豭Ȼ˷͸ģ˳Żлһš
лһţһãȻԼѣԼôͺȻߡ
Ĳɿڣҳʲôԡ
˵ͷǵЩһľͿɡ
ԵʮһԹ͹
Ķ̲סʳΪʲôҪһģ
賯Цĳʳϲؿڡ⣬Ҫ¶ȥȡҲֺ֣ܶ۶ˬŮӸöϲ϶Ҫе塣ҵĿζСǿζͬô
һ䣬˱̫ࡣ
ʹлˡ
͸ʶģǲֹһεʶ
лͷԣʣ˽棿
ղ޲һлҪ˵
⣬֪ôشá˽ֵֹģ·֮ʲôһ㡣ûʲô
ȥ鸮ϣɺ͸Сټֻ˵һؼ棬תƵղϣСղ֣˵㸸Ͼˡ
Ϸղ϶ʱЦûˣƳ۸ˣüͷϢ֪Ͼȴû͸¶κˡ
Ĳ£ȴղϿ˻ⲻ̫ԡ
סӣֲڣעŷ衣
л˼ʱĻǣߣɴ۾ûݼôλǵɴñ¶
شղһѲ߽ʿʶ˵֮Ѿƺ˿ŵϢעţǳġ
ղüͷø
鲢򵥡


 48 

¥Ϊ, żƫƧ, Щ⡣żֻҪ̫֣һ㴫档
û뵽Լ, š
ղС˺, ˺ܿ
ڷ£ܿ˸Ļ, ˵¡
ղﻥ̽䣬ѽìͷָ¬ҡлڱһʺ, ֻ¬ҿԴ, һ춯
Ĳ֪⼸ԼֻһŮӣȥ˵ĬԼѺվͬһҴϡĬĬϸһǺܿǵĻʶҲû˵ʲôر˽ܵ顣
ղ︸Ͼ, Ѳ߽ʿ֪, ֮͢ϱȻ֪ȥ߸飬ָһ֪ˡ
ڱݡ
¬תôǲ²¬ҸɵĻ, ҲǿƲղҺ¬жԹϵ
, һ˭˭ϵȽϺ, ˭˭ͬ, ˭˭, ˭˭֪֮Աˡղǻ켣ڳϵˣ˭һ˽⣬˵䡣
л;̲סһ, ô˭ֶǵã˵Ʒô
£Цͼˡ
ģ
ã˺ûȵġǸԷΪá
ĹǶȥһ۶
¥Ķȷʵϸۣǳóԡ֪ôģȥһ㵯ԣлԵ˳Ĳڼ
۶Ͻ˽֭ͣһЩϸ֥һ㲻֪ʲôˡ
ģԻˬ˿Ȳ˺;һԣǱһζ
ղһСǣһԡ
һһС顣
ɹ
С⣬ûüЦͼС̫˳һƫתӿϻ䵽У׹ڽ֭
ģ
ŶԹԽһÿӼԼ㶹˶ܲ˼㶹
վ׹¼Ķ״̬ѼСһ־ͽ㶹˸ϡá
ģ
˻ڽ
ԥһ£ÿӳһ̡
һӷŵϣһ˫ӺɨһϡõĶɨС߸תͼӵˡ裬⽫Լ
Ҩһ۶븵˵һӸɾġ
ĵͷԼͻȻĶ΢
軹ղ˵ţ²ղ̫԰Ҳһϲӡʵô꣬˽̶ԶһԱ
Ļ̫϶ղŵĶ˳úܣ˵ͷź֪ĵ롣
һ׶û֪ûĿ⡣
ղ˰żӷĻţ˵ǡͷһҵú˵˵صҪͷˣпԭɱȻдȡ
ְ֧ТΪȣղΪӳͷɲТ⡣Ϊ£ϲТᱻǣ
л㶿һ׶ȫǸղŵĻʲôɵգգ۾ȴǽһӺȥ˵һ䣺ͦóԵģ
̧ͷлš
¿ӣԼҨ˸Сһ飬⽫ƵһԻ˾ò̫ƣŲҲ֡趼˵õǸɾӣپᷴ˸⡣
ζȷʵܺá
̵С
ڰԼﶹ꣬ȥǼһЩ̫ӹĲˡҲã߲Ҳãܱٶһغá
ٶȰԷͺϻƷһô
ųţڳҲ˵ˡ
ղΪ곤ߣʶ˻⣺˵ǶϻƷɣ
лڲˣʱ£ЦɲǡСǴζûô˵ЩȻ棬ҲûôҴյСǰͻˡҲǣС㻰ٰ˵Сڳһϯϴͷҵʱš
ЦЦ
лֺ͸˵ԼͷĳҺͷ˼ʱȥ֣дúҷ˰죬ͷһֿɳġۣСǲ֪ж󣡡
һ˵ֱüɫ裬޲õıȻʱԼ֡
п⣺л˵òְɣ
ڱһлԷ
лΪ費ϲ˿֣û˳ŷ˼ִԱȲܸÿ㡣һҪ͸С㽲ġʱǸְһһһҪдֽЦģ˻ֳ룬ͦгġҵ˼ô
ģ
ЦƣƵ޲ýлͷˣлӣֽдġ
лЦǺǵͷ
ЦЦţЦȥˣҴˣҲڱ˵ˡС˲С˹ǧȥûţ˵еûġ
ղлʶ꣬ҲһؼлЦ˵ȷʵҪţ㶼˵ʲôСſʼѧд֣Сϰһô
˵̨ϷЦȷʵǾΪ
лղôһ˵æԼ˱ƣлСǸԷС治ҪҼƽϡ
˵ˣ˵ʲô
Цҡҡͷû¡ֳȷʵʱںú֡
лԼٹƣƱʾһβʣЦʾҲڱ󲻷Ե˵»һȡѵǳ¡
Ӧš
һһ䣬ΧԶ͸Ľ̸ʱģ΢΢ۡǰл죬ڳ֮վʱлѺڽȻͬˡ
ǰһл죬һȴ
ȡƺлЦЦľ˵㡣ȡ
л˵ʲôֻǷġѵһ⣺赱ʱ֪Ǹдģô֪ģ֪ΪʲôҪ
л벻׻磬ֻžƱֿӣҾܺȣв䡣
һָԼһǷЦȺȡ
л˶ˣ֪ӲˡòƺԼϣ̾úһγԷתͷͳ˶ơ˸С㻹أҲµºȶ˶
Ĳ֨
躬ЦҾá
ղ⻰ĬĬԼľƱˡԲܺȶࡣ²˭ʧ̬ҪǸѾȼˡлӮˣͷǡ
̾Ϣлɵӣɫδ̫
ĲȾƣǽԼͷƴƣҲûʲôֱСظżƣľȰ裺Ǳ̫࣬ͷҪôȥ
лûûǮ
ڳΨһֻղղˡ
ͲˣղһҪô˻ȥ
лȵÿģͨ죬ҡͷԣ˫ֿн룺С㲻ưźúȡ
һãɵЦ
Ŀ衣
ȾһϷɺ죬ü޵úŮ֬һ㣬˫ѴһˮŸЦţҪţҡ


 49 

ʲô
ˡ
ͷƤ, ʶôΪ
, ôţԼ˫߻ȥô
ղﶼ̲סȰ˵˹ˣٺȾͶˡԵ, ıġ, ˣϷǿ
⻰תƵ÷ǳʧ, Ϊлû˼¿Ӻ󣬿ʼֿ, ־, һһ߹ࡣžƱϸӣãء
续
ڵķÿһ, øıԼת, ֽסԼĶɫĴѣʱʱ۷衣а̬, ͷһ֡
ָ˳, 涳˴, žƱʱ򻹷ŷۡ
ǶһƬ, Ǵ, Ǵ͸ֵۺ졣
ĺӦղţ
ղԣʧЦ
⻹ôȥ
Ȼղϣлٺûһ, ִһıã¶΢Цݣͷһϣ˯ȥˡ
лˣŹԼľƱƿ
ƿˣǶƣɻôҵľƱȪˮһӵһԹζڡ
ܿסķ裿
סǶ;Լͺ˾һ㣺ΪʲôҪľƱ
΢üͷ˵ˡ
ղϻضûȳⳡԵò࣬һģǲˡҵǻȥСɳԱˣ
ĵͷš
ȷʵԱˡղǶ˵ڳԡ˵ƴƣڳԡƴˣſԼӡ
ղĳԱˣһֱǶ֣Сȥɡ
Ӧǰ
ղ˵ҪȥվӸԣŶȥˡ
ղæվס裺ԶԣȥȥС㲻Ҫ⣬ܽ
豻סղΪţ
ղͷۡлȻ˯ȥֱӰ˻ȥ˵Ӳ̫ģ治֪ҪôֻúͺԼһ裺裬ֵܣȥŸСߡ
ɨ۾״Ҳȥ˭ȥ
棬͸˵ţѲ¡˵ֻһ߲ͳղҡţʾղһȥ
ղԴۣǼپưɣô
Ļվûȥ߰ĻȫƻͷСղֿ֪⹫ס
ղסŶԣҲ֪
ǼͷȫԼͷľ¥δѻؼңûԼסǲʶ㣬ԼĲַ֪𾪣ҾȻ֪
𾪹𾪣е㡣Ը˵ҼסһСˣԼȥġ
ĳղЦЦȥ˸֪ںδһȥͷԪȥСղֵ˲ɣ
нΪ߶úϸ£һ㲻ղӣȷʵ̫
ŮˣʡʹȽͻظ
ͬ⣺ͷС㡣
ǸԼ̾˿һղ
һֽеղＦƤˡֻҪʱֿǡ
ԼͷȰл
⻰˵ղΪѣһŻû
ҡͷû
ղͦġ
ղʱȰ˵裬ֽлߡ״ţͷ򣺡Сղ̧һ¡
Ӧ첽߹һѽлԼͷղЦ£ˣִֻǡߣ
ղû뵽߻ôһæָ˷򣺡ҵûͣСȥһ£ȥ˸ˡ
СӦǰ֪λӵ
СȥĺһСߣ׺˸ûá
ղæס·ǣһߣһ𣬵ȵһߡԼһ֣͸Ÿһϳˡ
˭뵽ղˣӲղ֣ٶȸ˸ĵĽŲûղ
ղûиǮֲܸһܣֻص¥ƹǶǮţżġƹ㣡
ƹ񱾵ˣһ̩ȻģǮأҪ㣬أҪļԲȶ
ղԽǼƹԽ̹ղﾹǽԼڴ켱һӷ緶ˡ
ҪˣŶëһ¡ղӳһ
ƹôأġӿɱ˻ͷ㲻ãʱࡣҪ˸ղﾫȷ㣬ղＱ˷侲
ˣɡ
ȥ
»÷ôƣΪϡ
ղﴧƹ񻹸ͭҴҸϻصԼߣֻԭؿӵԼԼ򣺡Сղˣлڳˣһռ˴طһϳ΢һ
ղＲǰһͼлм䣬ȴ󿪣˦λϣŵĵطûУ˯ͨ죬찵أﻹ¡ڷ裬ӰӶûš
˵СԼѾߺͷԪһˡ˵ˣǶġ
ղۣܲˡϳлҡ
ܴܲлȥ׷СĳǿнקԼɣɸСͷԼͷ趼졣
ղﰵԹķ裬ڸĵϣֵúܡָ£ϣѧУѧʮˣȷʵѧ䡣棬ţƻư͵
ԹԵӣ죬ٶȵ֡
òµһɱ
ľԼҪǻʵۣ϶Ҳϲġšܳ˵úÿˣƫʵ۸ҪȨλǮĳһԾڳ֮ϣ
ܰĲҲ
ǰ˵˵ò죬˵еͲ˵ô
Դ뷨ȥ䵽ʵ֮кܶ໰˵˵һҩòãǲǿҩ˺ܶࡣٱ˵ֻèڹǶͦõģͷͳԣս
ˣûڡ
ϲĳ࣬ȴ


 50 

Ĳ˵, Ҳ˵
ԼС, ӲҿڡܾԼڻƻһʲô
︵ͣ¡
ĿڣԪ, ҵˡؼҡԪɻ֪Լסģ
̧עŸģǵá
ĳŷͷͺá
³, Ҳ΢Ҫ³
ڳ˵һ䣺¸´, ֮ǰҲٳšƿʱܳ, Ҫ׼ܶණȥ, ܻس
ƿţİǶתͷ裺ţ
Լȷʵеȶˣڽô©, , ʲô˵ڡ
Ž̽Ÿġʲôû̽ӵļΨԼСδɳΪǸԼߵˡ
˶, ֿڣûʲô
ֻеơ
úã, ٴΰѷ˵ơŷһǶ, , ¹µ, ֹ
÷贺Ӧú޹صġ߶Զ޹ϵ
΢ȭǴȥ򣺡ǵýԪͻȥ, ҪʵڼǲԼסѰõһ䷿
Ӧá
䣬ٿı顣
⣬űֻһľڣķ˵⹫ӣעΪˡ޷ۣ޷·ʷб
ë
Цһ£ͷɴñ֮գһ·߿
״Ԫν֣ͷ𻨣һװʥگһǣӽǵһ·ؼҡǰһնϽһε״Ԫɡ
ͻȻЦ
ôôţ
ѧӶˣʹһΣ˵ԼȻ״ԪλǸ˵
Ӧáް⡣
΢΢ۡ
Ըǰ򣺡ͷ·ȷ
Ӧ·
𣬸ĿԶȥתͷ飬赽û
ԾֱӺ˴
ãȻҲ֪
ԼС㶼ܿʲô
һֱصԼϣ鷿һյʱ䣬ڿǷ赽û顣Ȼ˿϶شûֶȻˡ
콥ڣ޷ٴ鷿صԼϴ˯¡
ˣҲá

ǵĴܿȥԱǻϲӭԼļա
½½ӵŮԼõĵ鷿ͷ˸ƷʵҲܿ󽫻ƴӳһǵԺҪѧͽѧϰԼһ衣
ͬʱӻµûѹסھǳ˱˲෹Ļ⡣ΪжôѾ¬Ҿͱж಻
ϿΣȻŮ˵䡣
ŮΪĻȴٳûյʻ£С£˵
Ӧһ˵ˡ
Ůô
ëʣġűϷһһؾأ۾
Ůҭһ£ʣɾȷʵѾ
Ľһдãͷ˼ƣ⡣±ʣ̧ͷԼ˵ĸ֮ý֮ԡΪʲôҪСһڻأ
Լ¬Ҳ¬겻Ǿù޹ȥҲòȻ¬ҲУ¬겻С޹ȥһС
ŮͷûҪӻ顣³˻鲻ˣһ¬ٶȷСҪӦԣ
ЦۣСǸˡҪӻ˻ʺϣλѡ·Ҫ¬귢ҲֹֻܹС㣬ȴ޷ֹκˡѡ񡣡
Լһڹ𸮣ڹ𸮡һиԼǽ壬𸮲ԡǸλãס
Ů黺ͣ˵ǡд²˵ݵ䣬֤Լ˵ȷԡ۵ҪϺ̫ƫ
ģ
û뵽⻹ƫдϣЦſʼҶҵн
ۣѧ˸ƤԶˡ
Ŀ֣룺ȻԶ˻Զ
ڸеġ
ʣǮףֵ̽һһдֻһ߿ԼʱܹĻ
٣ӭʢӣһ
ֿʼԼ̤ʫᡣ
ڸвô߶ĸǮּûͷķ׷Ŵ
鷿硣ǽǰŵֻһһȥȫʱƷһһȥÿһõĻһߴСɵһֱһ׼ģС
ʱ䣬һɫͬʱȥˮͺˮϣٽֽȥȡ󶪸һʱ䡣
һţԼǰ۾㣬һһȥơעֻһһͨĻʦȴͨ˫ۣΪµһĻʦ
еҰƷı࣬Ұڴ̽ԴӭȻŸӡ
Ϣ˶ϳ
ƹˮٶͻϸ͸ĺú̸һ⡣һ𣬾⽫Ķרṩġ
Ͳ˻ӻ洺սŲ֦ͷš
ڴ֮ʣԺˡ
ԭѧʿ¬Ϊ׵ıһɺղ֪С̶Ϊ׵츳һɣ˫ӳϣ˸췭ظ
õıղﵯ¬һ¡
¬һû֤ݣȴ֮˶дΪߡղ֪Ϊ͢ԱְأΪ˶ӶϾ²СղֵӻȨ˽񼫡
ղ̶֪һоݣó֤˷ݵѲԼһºֹٳ֮¬һɡΪȺһ˵裬ϣкͬšкͨϰա
ֵزΪ֤˵μӱһֱִڴ֤
ʵôװҲةѣڼҪоϡ
ô죬ſ̷ô£ʵҲͣ¬£¸ôоôС˼٣Ҫںַ죿
һѧʿ͸ˡҪǲУǻͷ˵һȨƾ͸Ű衣
ղңѵͲӻȨˣ
ʵ۸ʮ壺˴οƾٺղ֪Ǩ³򣬿鴦ղѳɼҵȴܴԼ飬ǣʵڲΡ½ƾ֮
ղ֪кղͬʱְ
гںԺQߵ󳼣ָżؿƾҪǳʲôԺһܷ
ԱٳˮĪ£³ŵ
Ĵʽʼ
渵Ĵ򿪴͸С㣬ǽձ㿪ʼˡ
˳Ŵ⿴ȥ
Ժ鷿һξ룬Զǿġȴ֪һѺڴ⼸ڡǵ컹ûȣѩѲˡ
ڵķǾϿļ飬ⲽ߽˿
ջߣǸȥûǮˡ


 51 

ӱõղﱻְϢ, СҰס
Ϊ˸Ѳ˵ȥ, ȴ˶˱еĴǰ̣䵽, ǣ˼ҼΪٵĳ
һ, ֪òȥղҪûСղˣ׵ѩ֮աʱɱָָ, ҲҪ游һôѰʱԥ
ɸСղ, ȴ״
˱ˡ
һ˼д䡣
, صнԼؽޡֹסܵú޲ܹԼ
СӺͨǰ֦档
ԼͻȻԼͷޡСһãȻҧһָ, ȥӱķš
, 㣡ͨţ˭۸ˣú´ȥ
ӱ޵, Щ, ﻹпջشͨ⡣
ͨԼֺСҪȥҷԪŶ, Ԫȥ, ˵ҪСϾ, رҡ
ſ£ͷС죬תɳٶʣ㣡Ϊʲôް
ͯ, 档
ӱ򿪷ţ۾Ѻ׵òŵŵĺͨӣſǻڵϣ
ͨӵ־ӱ·㣬شⰡ
ӱһţǲԾִ˳»ֱִĨȥԼ᣺ңҺö˺Ͷ˵ĵһˡ
ͨ˼һ£ǴӴүСүô
ӱصͷ
ͨŶһǸʲôô
ӱҡͷ
ͨɻ󣺡ΪʲôҪٰѵΪܹٵñôϰտ϶ϣԼϲүߵİ
ĽǶȺѰ˽ȻͬҪҪȥʱ˵뷨
ӱǶô
ͨ룬ƲƲ죺ðɡǰЩ첻Ǻ´Ҳ˵Ƕ˶˸ϾϢ϶Ӱ죬Żľȥ˸Ϊ˷Ϣˣ»˱ٵġ
ӱͷ˫קӰˮٴĨ˸ɾ˵öԡôҲôڱٻû׼ҪȥˡҪôҶ֪λ˶ĺˣ
ͨ˫֣ҲȥҲȥ
ӱһºͨԴ׼ΪҲ֪͵Һͺ´˵
ͨסԼõԴһί
͵ô෽Ŷ
ͨСԹ߰뷨һѣߺˡԼһ͵СһһͷβȥȺ˿ĵطˡ
ӱ֪ԼܵƤһһһþ³ȥҺ¿
ͬʱղ֪´Ӿǻص˳ݡ
Լޣֻ˵һӱ°šԱԲƾ׽ЩƫԶصġٺȻ
ӵͷ˼ȴƾٹԱղ֪һ뿪˳ݡ

лУл̸һʱ֪¬ұ´ġ¬¬ʮӼ࣬ղһҲûкù׺Ͷ˫˫ٱ١
лл˵ǸеһŮӡ
һӻȴҲֻ˵ʱϲԹɫġ֪ĺ͹ʦͬţΪԼҶӺղֿѣȻ͸飺Сʱ䶼ڼ°ɡӢй㡣
ĺղһԹǵղ곤ǣһλ곤ߵǡ򵥣ûֻԼǮʲôԡ
ƣһֱֳԼ磬ҪԼ׽ղﲢûΪͷǺѣ˳ŷؼҵ˼ĴҪʧ
ղǸžӣһһжԿƷԼѡ
л˵һСղ˲
лӦ֪ôӸĵĻ
֪лǲ̫һˣҲ֪ôлѵӡлЦ£Ӧлӽѵ۹⡣СղǸܺõˡ
ղ˵Ҳл˵Сղ˾ְ֣ţȴδŵˡ˵ơ֪¬дԩġҪСղڣλԺʿ¾ͼ˽һԺֻڶٳһһ¹Ա
лæͷԣҲôá
º˵ţ˵ȷʵкܶطò׵ͻСԺÿһȻǻԽԽ׵ġ
һᣬղڱסܾ鶼ˣ󻹻ٵġ
˵ˣﻹи衣ԷӣֻҪղãԻá
лæͷš
ͷл̾ʹˣֲǾ١ԺºϽˡ˰ܻʮǺܲ׵ġ٣·;Σռǻǹٻؼҡ
ãȻʲô
лãȻ࣬Ժܶ鶼˽⣬ͣƹܻӦú°⡣ţʮ㳬һ
ֱͦȫǶʲô
лָŮҪӻþһЩҲͳ˼ꡣҪԷҪɽһ굽ͷҪ֡ǳʳֲźš
̾лʱѹʮͰʮˡٹ꣬ÿ춼Ǻүġ
Ķ𾪡
ں˾ʮ࣬Ů˾Ǹߡ⻻ڣƽ侹Ȼ˸նһֱ̫ͬ磬ͺԱҲꣿ
Ի磬磬һж
ƽżԹ⣬Ҫ˶ˡǲǻû飬ѵ˾ͷ
ĽͣǣǺúš
ֵл￴ŸЦúţȻ᳤һ㡣졣һҲûʲô̫׷󡣻Ҳϲڵеûģʱְɡлӣʲôźûˡ
ãȻͷֻԼеĹڼ仰б߸ˡ
ȷʵԼҪúϧҪܻһ㡣
ϸһ룬ͷܻͷ飬Ҳһܻܾð
ҽޣ
ӻǸ¹ӣԱһ£һŮӻ硣
л⸱̬Լ˵ˣٶǻĻɣһ԰ɣ
ҵͷӦţǡ


 52 

Դµġ
һջȥһλŮ, ԼĻһ綩˻Ů졣
һջ
ջϸ, ࣬ɫܶ, ˱, ʢģƴǺÿѬٲݣɫȺӢľջʵõʳͷ, һܡŮ˼һסŸġȻĲ, ӻ⡣
ջΪʲôôɫһ߰С̽ͷ̽Ժѯʸġ
Ļع, ޽ӡǽһֻһֲһȹһЩʱգĻɫͻȻͬ
ûúȥӦСϸ¶˼޽顣޽ǽһֲ֦ѿ, ӵһֲľ߸ϡʧ, Ҳгɹǰоջ޽ӣŴӻƾݱ˰׾պϾ, ھջƷ, еġ
Сų, , Լ¶͸ӣ, ñĻһԼ޽𣿡
ĵͷ
Ҳǰͷ㣺ҪɹҪѡȡһֲꡣ¶Ⱥʪȶнġչãվڱ˵ļ, ǿԿԶ
С۾øˡ
ԱŮЦСȻܻ˵ϻƷ˵ˣһֱûšȷʵǺһס֪λӡ
ĳλЦҲָλӱҡ
⻰ǵôҶЦ
ҲȷʵС
ĵ⣬ŮﶼúܡҲ׼ңҲܽѣŮóǮĵʱ򣬱ԭȶʱһɡ
ɷǳ֣ǰǮҲΪˡС㲻ǮˣЩҲΪ˸ˡӵǮҸˣֶΪ
̬ȷǳϿңλŮ·Ǳ˴ү
˵ڣǵŮЦֱͣ˵´μгҲҪʸĶǵһЩרٵĻ
Ľ£ͷӦˡ
ٵҪĻǲģҪС綫ٱɽĺڡѡƴнŵѡǰóֳ
ֽ˿ͷϵһĴһǮ൱˻˼ҡ
˼ǮԼСУתͷȥ˸顣
æ
˶Աˣ١о˶Աȶˣ١縵и˲Żˮ׼ģԱΪߣ١
ƹǮǰź⼸λ鳳ܣ갴һԤ㣬׼ȥĳЩǮˮļһ
˾棬˿ʱ֮⣬໹ǿд¡
Դ˿̵ĸ鷿ܱʼ飬ʵĳٳͬšȺͬҲǲȫֻ֣Ǵܸ࿼ԼǮֻô㣬һҪ
һӣҲûУʹòһҪõأ
ڸԣҪǵĶ̫ࡣҪǻʵۣȺǾǣ°գܱɧšһһǮ©¹ҲȣǴ
鷿ʱͼӾ𣬱ʶɿ죬Ȼ
˼ţſԵƬ̡
дһ䣬̧ͷͼſڸϵĴơϵĵȫרģ·ӣȥÿϰֽһ
ڣʲô£
ɿԼŴƵ֣һ˶ܻꡣ
û뵽һ⡣
һ£ʸãôˣ
ļ˵˽һ飺һܻѽ
ִʣͣȫ£ʮ꣬ߣܶոճû֣ҲûôƲᡣִӸ˹ϽΡ
ԣʵǻ͡
ӵܡȨ󣬼Աȳ˻þһ㡣ʹƽһܾˡÿһοƿϷѧÿضúشġ˵򵥵ӣ·ĵԻ޳ǻʼң㿴ӹڶ֪࣬;мֶûȡ
⻰΢΢ͷ
ȷʵ޳һҲ⧲û
ϧǺ£Ҫ̫⡣˵ѹ˵ҩͺʳɢ
ģ
õģԿ鵱ȷʵǸܻˡ
̾뵽ŮҲմ󣬹Źǰһ⡣Դ󲿷ֶԣ꣬ǰͷЩꡣˣˡ
Ƕ
˵Ĺ۵ǲͬġ
뷨ܶʱ壬ɵĻ䡣ЩΪͺôɱٽӴȻͲᶮǰ֪˹вͬȴܳһ̡
ڵ˶ԣʮ󣬻ûɻ󣬶ǶԺܶⲻٱġ֪̽ģǵһò࣬ججɻجج׷ģҲԼ׷
˵һ
Դĺģֻ̣ء͵˶Լе뷨ǶȴġǻϣӹóʵҲϣ㳤ꡣⲻͻ
⻰鸴ӣǵ˵ͷ֪ˡ
Ǻܸӵġ
ĲٴŸ飬͸ǺصԼǶȥ
鷿ԼϣһԼ˼ЩѧҲŻֵ̽⣬һһԺԭһ̶ȣͷḴӳ
Լȥ̡
ŲԶĹ̲ס衣
ˣأ
ʱֻأ
һߵһ̿ɻľʹ˱˫ۣ
ȡϵıʣһֽͨͷ߰Ϳдˮƽ˽дһ²һһϦԽ
ֽϵɺʵȫܱȡ
ֽϵ֣֫ǹ۾ǱһһСüëֹ֣Ӹһͻأúܡ׸ߵزƽڴ̫·Ǳʵﻹֲڡ
Ψüһ㣬λ÷ֺ
ĻúĬֽųţһ
󣬸°ֽż˻Լһ
ƲƲ죬˫ֳԼݹһ
йҵһιһιһķһƴӶɣÿһ϶ѡͬһֻ·Ļֲ泤ΣǷǳϳΪ
Ǵ׵ӣһССʢĻƻɽʯУԵ൱ź¡
ӣһӣӣͬϵӣָɽӣӣһ
ѩۡӣҹӡ
ɫӣһĻǣ
רעİˣͰѩһὫԼİָһ㡣
һˣԼһѵĻݣԼҰĲȴ㲻֪Щ˼ԼƤëͶ⡣
ŷ磬ŷ硣ѶϢѶϢ
Щݶǰı
Ŀſţٶƽ
ǹзŰ񣬷Űǵԣһճɼ
ףֻ뿴ߵԶĵط
ֽϵԼǵһʣСķڸʣһ˿Ц⡣


 53 

ʱĴڽ
ӹԺĿһǱߡÿһǺꡢ·塢ͷҡɫҰ, żмչһԼ, Ҳܿһƣ
Ժһط;ܵӰ졣
һһ֣ҪǱ֪ĸ, һȻӣ
ǱȽϹĶ, ŴӺ˹ûꡣƾٿԣһ, áɵû뵽˵ͷ
˲𰡣
⻰濵Լӣͦ˲ġ
ԼϣȷŲʲôζ, ȻߡʱһֱӰڼѧϰ, ʲôȫһУȫתӲù
ĳ̾ʱǰһ, òķ衣
ٶ, ӳʳҩൽϴ·ٵľ߱īȫʱϴĶȴ࣬ʳȫ, ·, һЩīþװһװ, װ
ͻ, Ӷûô, ȻûбǱȴְһ㣬ȷʵǲְף˵󾢡
ԺԴʧһλ󣬴Ǳ㲻׼úֻ׼࿼ú, ࿼ȫΪӾߣÿһʱһú¯
ԶûУ˵̫ࡣ
濵ϲŷ֣Ԫþòɻǵң
ͷһһۿ濵
ܺãȻǵ濵ǽʱϲһȥԻˣǵã֡
Ԫÿô濵ŷ輷üŪۣǺ̶ϲд£ϲݵˡдʱдһ㣿
̶֪ͷš
濵ЦǾͺǾͺáһھǲӦһͷϢ˽⡣Ҹ˵괺ǽͷ뺲ֵˣԶ򵥡
û뵽濵ô˵üţ
濵ھǴ˺ܾãԺܶ¶˽㿴ڵĿ֪徭˵дĶϵû˵µð£ʷͻʼ˻Ҫ˽⡣
ͷȷʵǡ
ػԿΪֻῼ徭ˣܹ˵һȴʵϡԺҪյˣǻʵҪˡһˣΪٱҪܵûʵϲ
˵һĵһ⣬ҪǰʵһھԱ֪ʱΣΪʲôҪԱòɫ佱ʵۿ۹Ⱑᴦ鰡濵ٶϸƷ⣬ó˼ֱˣܴģ˾
Աп濵Ľ㶿죬̬ˣˤڵشȴѽôǿˡ
濵
濵ӣҪҼģôõô㡣
룺ѹɡ۶ĳ̶ȣǵ֮
οѶȷʵܸߣ軹ǵһ⣬ǹ˲ŽʵҵأһΪġĿ֮ɣҪ˵ÿ⣬ѡ
濵˵һˣȵ԰ɡ
濵һæ־壺ǵȷŰ񣬷Ԫֱ˵ȵԣȷʵòһȥԵʲôҼھп¥һȥ
룺Ȼȥһˡ
濵ЦðҲҪȻȥһˡ
˫뿪·濵֪ϲĵ飬ֻһ¬ҵֻЦЦҲû˵
ǽ˻ϲǣ˳ݵϰ¹עȫȻͷ
ǲŹûãӭԼĴүҪְϢһԭίһʱðɡϰΪıĶǺˡ
ֻղ֪кղ︸ΪԩΪְĳ̶ֳ˵ûдġ
˳ݵϣһ̫⳯͢
ղ֪ڵط٣ӣ¹ϣǺܶ˼ǮЩ˼ǣղ֪˺ܻˡǸԲˣӰЩ̼Ǯż
ڴӾĹ֪Щ飬ϣʵܿΪô£ղ֪ܹڱص١
ͷвݹԱһҲ˾д֮֮飬޲ý޸ʵۿ
ھǵĻʵܵ£ȫ˺ԺԼŰ졣
Լ
ֻ̬һ˼޾ôҶ˵ͦԵģԼѰ³̳мǲǳߡ
һ˵ڣӴž֪˼ˡ
Ͼղ֪кղ϶ҪôԺҪϴʵٶһȺͷôҲһһȥһʵۡ
ʵһ굽ͷɶ࣬ʵڲӦ̶֥С¡ղҵԶµСҪ
ǲǺԺڴĹгʱ䣬Ӳղҵ¸ˡ
ּȥһһӦС
ղյּʰɾԼںԺĶȥһ˺̶
ź̶֣ղ⼸ɺ̶չˣǨȥ˳ݣǲ֪Ǻꡣ
̶æͷҲû̧û£츳ھǻڵطһΪȮӣ
ղź̶漸֣ӦЦǡ
Ժղû϶ղкһͷͺصˡղЦҪؾǵ̫࣬׶ûأ
λʱ䣬ȴҲھк˵𣬻صҺдšһŸлϣûԼָ㣬ҲϹҪڹٳС˵ΪϹġ
һ裬ϣǰƽ³ɣһ·߸裻һӱϣԼҪеĸ
ԼˣʩʩȻ뿪ǣѵòǵꡣ
ղ֪ڰոж⼸ΪֻǽƷٺ»ɾ֪λãȹЩ꿴ܲܽƷ
¬Ҹڣǿͻԭһһ֪·;ϻᾭʲô
յź󣬽պãӭŰա
ӻѿ˱ǡ
ĸӭһһʻͳһһĻ
׬ǮĿУӭͷ֪һȫǺ䶯Ϣ
ǵһķԪؾȻ˵ڶһΪǵһԴ˽ΪԪ
һø߷֣ܿܽΪôһλ״ԪԪڡ
ֳ׺ǡ


 54 

, ʮš
ʮԵһ, ʮ»Եһ𺳡
ƾٿѶȼ, ڶԱΪǱƿΪһء, ʮ»Եһ˭˶š
ѧôණܽ㵽
Ժ˾֮, ˵˷Ŀ̶ĿתͷĬдһ, ÿԵ͵»صľȥϸ, ҲȻתȺ֮ͬӵĺԺͬ
Ϊ̶ˣԺԱǲŸþ֡ᣬĶƿֲд²ݽ, ݵ䵽ЩǶû, ҪȥϲŻȻõ伫Ϊ׵
˶ԼԭõĴ𰸣ԱĻش˵, ֻܵο, ܵŽ⡣
Ȩ, ϶¶Էǰĺ涥Ǿ츳, ڵĺڼ֤һעǧʷ˵
Ȼ, ೯ȨԷȢһǳġ
ԽһףҲһӢſǼʻŮҪ˰裬ԸТ˳ԼֶϽ, ˣҲÿ
˭᲻ϲĹӸ磿
ľסļңھôط粻һܡſڵýһһŶܡż
⸸ţͼſһȺžŽż⡢ڿ˲ʧɿ±飬ֺܱͬ
⸸곤Ҳܿʵĺòã
ȺǳŮӣ
⸸ȥԼĻȫûȺõļһžţȫǽߡҪ˶࣬ҪôͲţҪôͲؼҡ
ؼҵӣֱȥӼޡ
Ӽ¶˺棬Щ޲ڵ֪ʶԼĿƾٿжúΡ
Ҳǲһӣòʵ̫־ȫǵ˶֪üһ죬úŮһƯ䲻ҪŮһƯ˵Ҳܲ˾Щ졣

Ŷߴߴ˵Ÿ飺С㣬⹫ɴˡҰȥ㶫ҵѾ̸ۣ˵ԼСһ⹫ӡ
˶ɫǱܡ
ΪǸӹ˵ĸģȫ⾩˵ķִ˿ԣ߿ѡѧӣѡԱƾѡٵǽةѡ
һʮɣָةλ˼¡
һ⹫ڸʲô
Ͳ̫ˣ֪˵⹫ӽܵ÷ɿ죬һطûãܿͻתƵһطȥȫѰˡ
ĵͷû˵ʲô
鿴ŸֱߵɰЦһС㣬ҪҪҲüĵһ㣿ھﻨεȲôһ㡣
ľԼͷϽֵ֣ܿüһ죬·׷ֳԼֱߵɰ飺ɰжġ
ۣ˵ҩﶼðɰܵҩҲϡжΪʲôô۸ɹء
Цһ۵ĸߵͲǿûжġԶ㿴ȷʵеЧôõҩ۸ɴ͡
ͣҲеæ︵Ľɰƿһ㣺ǻǷԶЩС̫Ӱ졣
ô걻ˣɰ㶾ԶԻûʲô⣬ûпȥ͵˼
鷿Ʒһͣ˸ſڡ
ǰһС̫೯˹֣ϸɤ˵ţҼӣʮӺʮ븵С㵽һؿˡͷͨ
˵꣬ȡӣ˿
˼ӣȷС̫ȷʵʮӸϵģæӦ²ǰ֪ȥС˵Ϲض࣬СűҪ֪ү͹öӣһѾߣһ
С̫ͷġֻϣЩ
ٶȵͷӿ첽ӻظϽˡ
յϢקȥ·ʰԼſڸϣãȻѯˣû˵ʮӺͻΪʲôô
ҡͷ
ڱϲ²⣺ҪСɣҲʮģС죿ȻҾܵǣСĻʮӺʮҲҪһϾʮʦФҲó
ҺФȡ
һǿȡʤһǿ滭ȡʤ
ֻ˳Ļ⣺ӦҪһһºġ
ߵſڣſϻصšŸĵͷС㣬һȥ
С̫೯ŸĹ֣С㡣Сϳλһǰȥ
ĳС̫΢΢ף̤ѯС̫ࣺʮӺͻҹȥʲô飿
С̫ϸػС㡣йػ顣ʮûһЩ˵ؾ֪ˡ
룬Ȼˡ
ɵ³ʱ΢ͷſڣȻ
ʮӸۡĿƮס
ſڳţɫĲƮţ뾩ĻȻͬдľûܹǺͱĵطһġ
ҪĻ͸ĲͬνһЩʵԶвҡ
ڸбһ䣺С㣬ýˡ
Ļعϵı飬ƽ߽ʮӸ
·С̫һ̲ŵ͸Ĵ彲ʮǷѣ˺졣̫ҽ̫ҽ˵ûܱסӡЩӹͷϲ¶࣬±㲻̫
΢
ʮӴһϲѶʱ䶼ûʺﵱʱôˣõϢȻѹȻѹĻʮӺʮ
ǵһӡ
ԭʷûۿ磬̳дͳ˲
ˡС̫ཫ쵽СҪǷ㣬ҲСɡ
һĿȫףλǶһССײģһѵĻšȥЩ⣬һӣдС֡
¾˴ڴġ
Ĵӱһ̴Ƕȡ㣬ȼûܵСȻ嵽¯ϣ˫ֺʮٰ˰ݡ
սǴһӣǰһɮľʮӺͻڣϰ׵ĹϵǷ׷ԼڱϿš
ǵĿоܡ
С̫ٶȸ·С㣬ʮӺͻƫ
ĳӦһתλá
ƫŵİײһЩߡڳڿյûмС̫͵ſڱ㲻ٽȥʾ⸵Ը
ǰһС̫ŵλԵȡ
ʱڣԴ
תͷͷּƫߡ
ƫߵͷܿʮӺͻһɫ·ʮӳĬŲ裬顣ʮۿշ
񣺡ӵ¡¡
ʮӽ£֣С㣬ͻȻʵڲ˼һҳӡ֪ô
ʮ⻰һûУȴٶȻ䡣


 55 

ʮӶԸĵ̬Ⱥ𾴡
Դ, ԴԼʧȥĺӡϣܹԼһƯĻ, ϣܹһõֺ
ʮ֣Ӧ£šԡǶԻʲôҪ, Ժ˵
ʮӿ
ʮˮ䵽·ϡǱԼᾪһ, һ㣬ȡɾԼϵ, ɳƵɤڣеھͺáͷСˡ
ĵͷšԻҪô
ǰͬʱҡͷ
ҪǸʱ䳤ĿѡõĻ, ҲʺϵĻո봺, ٻʢʺϵĻȴټֶ֮
ԼЩɻջǾþջΪ˸һλŮջ, ⽫ջȥչз, Ҫȸ¾Ϳɿϡ
ļʲôҪû֪˵ʲôáڱǰٶºͶ, վ
ʮٶ, ¶һĨǳЦøСЦˡ޳, Ҳû뵽Լô, ӾŻ˲ٶԭΪôá
˵, ˲˵ȥˡ

룬ʮ˵жô꣬ȵ¸֪жʲôܡҿ, ʶƶˡüȴ⡣õȴдһ֡
Ȳһҡ
ûǸһƣһյҲվڵǰעʮںӰеЦգҪҪԼ塣ʮӵ¶ԣҪģɻȱˡ
˭ģûһ⡣
ʮ۾ͿסպòֹסڸĵĻе̡ǿֻٶȲ˲ᣬʮѿЦ£Һ͸Се强Ҫ˵
ʮĻ̾ȥǰһۡ
ŸĵͷȥǰɸŮӳֵĶԻռ䡣ԭռļǿ꣬ͰǰɴӰŶɪ
ʮżҪλԸһ衣
ˮȣһֱŵġ
ʮⱲӱųõĽ˳ųǵĽ̻塣һؾ޴ʧܣȫԼûܱסԼҪĺϡ
˵ЦʮŸ˵Һܼ㡣
⻰ԼңûԼжô꣬ɲʲôֵĽ
ʮͷ
ԸЦһ£ѹ𴽽ǡԺʧΣջѡһѹŻҳФҡФΪңһֱŷıǼϡڲͬˣҲһӰ졣
ľš
ʮǸܼ򵥵ˡ
һӵ˲ὫԼ˼˵ʮݺӣ󲻳ǳϵФҡ
ʮλãФȡ˺ܾãǱײϵġȻ˵ܳΪжʻŮӣǺͻʺĸϵ̫Ǻ׹ݹϵǳФڣҲΪҺʮӼеøУŵԱѡС
ȴûײˡ
ʮϲԼġ˵һŮӣһ˻š˵ҲʼңԼҲ⡣
ʼңұвŻƷ£ܵʺǰźţҪԽúӡ˵˲ǰǣҵºӡ
·ѣеĲ趼ܹؼȱһɡ
עŸģ֪ôûˣϾҪһŮӡФģҲǱ»͹ġҲһжɿɵõϸϣָ󻹿Ҹϲӳɻ飬κεѹͷˣ鶼㿸¡Фңʮ궼
˵ФңκһѰİռôһжʧɵӣǶǳصĸ
ʮ˼üºͬʮĻҪ˵ȷʵ˵ġһ˵ġФܻڣ˶ǧ򱶡ܼ޸Լϲˣһˡ
־˼裺ҪǵФңÿյùҹлʼôѡҲ˵ˣƷŻȱһɡĸݣ˭ʤεġ
֪ʼ˺һһһ˫ˡ
кſԸȥ׷λòȷҵתڳ̫Ȩ档ȺῼǺܶϸڣ𽥽Լֵ֧Ŀչ¶
ʮôϲԼҲܾˡ
ԡ
ԵҪĵһ飬һӡȰ˵֪Ҫӣ˼ǹطʺҪӡ
ʮû뵽ĶⷽҲ˽⣺СҲ˽Щ޶ԣС
ЦЦǡʱҪľǳԺúȺãԼһЩϲʱī֭΢һЩøɫ
ʮסɫ
ĲŶ˵ʱֶʮ˵ϸЩҲź˵ɰжġõϺܶȡʯͷֲÿƽҲʲôԣɷһ˽Ӵʱ䳤˺׵жжеĻΣеӣǲġҼҴǶҽ֪һЩ
ӣ
ʮֱͦһЩãȻңһʱģ˲١
ĸһָϽ˽ҪǵʵҪϵôףڱǶҪòסᱡ͸ĲϷĩ͸ȥĲϡ
ʮæͷšҪпգɷλҲӣ
ĵȻ⣺ðֻǵӻÿ̫ҽֻܰһ£ٿǷҪȥ
ʮӦ㹻ˡ
ôģʮƽࡣ
ѯģСɿ˻£ʲôʱ£
ıʵԾ衣
ӻֻ˵ˣ˳ȻɡҪкʵˣȻῼǡҲһûкӣʺϵƽһҲԡ
ʷϷкģ˾мǲŮ
ţȷʵòִپʮԼ⣬øĿԸһЩڿ⣬ΪʲôʺӣƷ˳Ϊֿѡ
Ÿĵ˴еĸײˣƺܱ⡣ͬһ̹ˮһ㡣
ͷôֵֹģ
ʮ룺е֡
ͺѹô죬ʵ˰֡


 56 

ƫ, ĺʮ, Ͻر
ʮϲЩѧʱȤ, ǺĹڻ, Ҳÿһֻĺ塣
ĶԼʼûȤȨ̳дͳĻӶԣ£Ҫԡʮ͸֮ûбȻì, ԭЩڻͷĲʺͼȻɢ
ʮӲФˡһ㸵ĵºͣеʺеĴ, һԼӰѡѹѹ, Ǻͻܹú죬ȥԵ㶫ˡ
һ㣬ȥˣȥõ, Сô, ôͺڲ裿
ſŵС̫ӦתͷԸȥ, ȥǰ֪ʮӡʮָһЩ, 
ʮ⻰, Сײãš
ѹ̫, ʮѹӵöࡣһǱҪ, ʹòǸʻԼֵܣΪż
͸Сʱǵú˵һпգתתʮӷԸȥվŵ˺ܶ, ҲΨһһúһ´ӵˡ
С̫Ӧ
ߺóԺúȣʮֽλһͷķڿβܼһ档
ʱٿҲԶԵˮƽôٳ˵ͬڵЩһܴĶûС
ֳ⣬ֳֳɼ̿ûٿȥ˼дǡ
νСС棬󿼴棬档
ˣԼɡ
ڹӼ̾˿Ѿóһʱûȥǰˣ֪̬ûСҪǻϺף
ա
л̽ͷ̽ԣųڷΧ˫ֻţһֽѹֵܣԼôģõϺľɺóˡ
ӭĿζôӼģ
лЦڹӼȤȾƳƣȤȱһɡ
˵ţó˺ֽһ飬˸ȸ裺ԡ˾Ͳȥ
ûлڳȻܱл˼ȣ̿һڡ
ľ濾ļ⽹ۣһҧȥƤһ㡢֬һ㡢һ㡣һ̺͸졣Ļ⼦ⲻ֪ôģȻ»֭ˮ
óԡ
һڣ̲ס̾˿
л˸ͣһһŬͷ˵ô̾ڿǾĻԪ߳ȥǮõ飡
Ƴûûεл㵹Ŀ
л÷ڳԼáɶ˺ôļ⳹ȥҧֲҺղﵥԼˣԺҪ¡Ѳ飬ڴӶǣղˣ
Ѳˣ͵ʱĹԱûд˵ţʱİӲҪĲǴٿǴ¿ѲŮӱٶȱ١¬Уӱֻ˵ǳ˱һӡΪʲôԣҪ顣
ֲܱɱ
ںһ־磬ÿһ˶֣Լ
лüⲻˣǶ˿̣˵Ҹô죿
迴лҪģƶķɲӦÿǵ顣۹ųԶһЩߵøӳԶз¹ԱԿɰ¡
лĥ£ԣѹǻԪ
迼лǳ¬¬꣬ɿǹʲôԭ򣬻ᵼѲˣ
лˣţʲôԭ򣿡
̫ˡʹĲƽԺλ˵©ڲԱ⣬ϱԱж⣬ԺλֱƷ⡭
е˵еĲ˵ɴһ䣺Լ롣Խ࣬дԽƣϷԽߡ
лæͷõĺõġô
ղﲻھǣֳ˻ԪлԭֵܵһɺãڶԷ̬ȵʮɺá
ӹ
л˻⣬ӦԡôֵˣҸղΪʲô̾
ȼȻҪζ
е˼ᣬٶ̾ϲ˺ڶϺҳס
лס˭
裺
лڻûԭġлҲͷףⱲӶûŮӻģҲ޷Ůϲ
ģС㡣شл
лͷŶС㡣
˴Ӧ΢С㣿ϻҨ˵ġôܲϺףǷԪԪԺ󱣲׼ܽһס
룬ıлˣΪԼ״ԪɡԼ״ԪɣҲûԼһ˼ÿһؼ涼ûʲôת䡣
ܲĽͻ˵ˣ
Ӳǻϲӵˡ
л˼֪СѰҲͬͷ벻ףΪʲôﲻֵˣлСûһעġ
迴л̹ԣ֪
лʷ裺鲻ϲ㣿
Լ͸ļ棺аɡҪҸչ˸Сˡ㲻ңҲѧѡǳĳ׸ӡ
ڿƾѣͶСлԴתһȦûĸδİ
ͷŽҡҪСԼ˼
˵˵ȥС˼Ҫ
л֪ĺԼˣ˫һڸ˵С㣬˵Сº֮ͣˣԳּңˡ
ʱһţͷĻ˵ϻؾ۲͵£˵Լֵܷϵĺá
ͻһŰֽҲ֪Ǹʲô˼
ҾһǼ̫ˡл棬ˣò϶ϰߡϰ߾ͻ㣬˾ͻð
ɤѧŮӴ⹫Ǻܺõģ޸ѽ쿴ˡ
裺
侲ɾ죬ƫƧߣ㲻ԼͬھǺڣôʶлɵȱ
ղл׶ˣ
лϱŻûļ׷ˣ⹫ȵҰ裡ⶫܼˣ
һ߳ƫƧأѧӴǰԪҽûеõõĴ𰸣ʷԪŽ⡣
ֵͷϵлѯѧӣԿô
ѧסתͷл
лϽվסѶһأ¶һαЦ˵ʲôʲôԿô
ѧŵ˿ζջߣһ¿ˮеԡ
賯ЦЦлһ㣬΢ڣ߱ˡȥһ¡
ѧӵͷҲˣųл
Ӽʳֺ
лѧ߹ɫ䣬ȾܣУҺò˳ġҵģ
ѧæ׷ܣлӣзݣ
Ӻл˼򵥡·ϵˣ˻ûüĿһ˵л˿ҪҪȥ
Է̻ԼҪ˵ĻͷõĺõģллԪ֪


 57 

߳Ӽʱ, ϸһ¸֪ѧ, òﵽ˹Ӽİڽɽ
ȥлڹӼӣһǳʵ, ˿ơú̸һ̸, ʳͿƾٿԵĹ⡣
˳СɽӭЯĹ
һ, ۾һǷԪô
賯ЦЦԪڹӼͷءǶüĵһ㡣ǲǵر񣿡
˼⻰ƭ, Ϊ費Ҫҵ, һɥ
ӼҲ̫ˡ
ֻҪһԪѽ
ӣǲľ˫ѽҲܺÿÿô
˵Ӧ, ñһÿ˾ڼҹ, ٹעŮ鳤顣λƣǲҪ, ҲҪϹӼˡ
ﱻôһ˵, ˷
˵ö, Ļҹ, ôܱǴţ
»صȵԽ, һԶԶţ
蹰֣лλɽˡ
˵ߣ㲻ԭ
ȷʵĻҹ£Ů鳤һǻῼǵġĳ˵ӲƭĵˣⱲӺŪ, ûƭһθġ
ˣһ£ȴ˵
Ų˶١
Щġһ̫Уֻʣ¸ġ
ҽ˳л˵ȥ͸ļһҪ˼棬ܹ࣬Ҳһɡɾÿèɡ
һ·϶ԼǷԪôͽǰ˸
˸ſڣǳϧ⹫ӣС㲻ڸϡèڹ¼һʱš
裺
߹˷ڣ
˼裬ͷˡ֪ԼСһѰһֻèµģԶԷ⹫̬൱ã⹫ҪǲԵȵȣСǰ
һ֪Сȥ
ҡͷ⹫ӲҪΪҡСгǲ˵ġ
Ƿ⹫׸ǰ롣
˼ҪҪȥˣ˸ģǻǼһ¸ˡȻͷ֪ԼֲţԵʧ
˵ͷڵһ¸С㣬ҪʹֻèΡҪǸпգҿɷݷһ¸飿
ɶ˵ˣ˱㽫ڣ⹫롣
š
ͷһʱֻ࣬ǻζŨһЩѬ˵Ũ·һӵ
ζһ𣬺ѷֱǾһֻ
ǰ;ܿԺӣԺֻǰ򻮷ֵģУֲһԺָߵش¡ԺΪװԺӣݴΪݡ
졣
Դ࿴˼ۣ̤ǰ
ǰԵƬ̣¾һèһ˺ϲֻٰײΰèͷ˵ֻèԴϰԼ֫ջȥץ
Сè˵ץöèץԼԣͬʱһˡһƽղ̰࣬è㶫һξܾè֪ǲġ
˵èʱǴЦǸˡ
ţЦͷϲèͺáиܵ
Ӧ
ͷ죬Ρһһ֪δλڸλܸߣڸλӡĹĵ˺⣬Ǹġ
ϱʹ£ֱ˵ΪƷ˵ж
˻ģĵ齫Լ鴦ò࣬ͷ档
֪迼úãݲȥҷ裬Լѧȥףһˣ˵Ʒ裬Ҳûŷ衣
Ƕ֪ѩ̿ӡ̣ܹ߶š
һţ񣺡ˡ
ţ⹫ؿò鳯ЦЦ̫ϲˮлµģ㳢
蹧£ԹƷ裺ò衣
ЦЦ̵úãԼҲԵʱֻҪѰһ⣬Ǿȹˡ
ŸЦšҪҵȷʵнճɾ͡ϱûôţҲȷʵǶԼŵһ˳ƾ·
ˡںйҪԼϳѹپƷھƷ˵ﻹе̾ƷѰƷһ
ƷԱȨѰƷĶࡣܲ뵱и߲飬ٳ£ܹģֻеʥһˡ
ȨԼҲУһر̫һȨƣͬƲᡣ
ΪǵһλԱ󲿷˲ŲԷĴɡ
־ǶǰڹӼˡ˸־㹻Ӯ˾أڣ겻ˮ˿öƲᡣ
û˵ˮ
οͷȷʵ
˻䣬𽥱ʽ֪ƿˮƽѲٽ赱ɵĺ󱲡ںܶ飬ҲҪʷĿ
ͻƲԣͳƹϵ˰պܶ಻ʶ֣͵ݡҪõĽǾܸա
ԻƲ̫Ϥˡ
ԵطϤ˵αķðʶֻ֡аʶ֣ٺƭһЩˡȻԼ㲻˰ѰȻˮȡӯ
ʧЦʶδҲ̫ˡ
ͷѡѵȴЩƲ涨ֽͻԴĲȻֽй涨ȴûȷֽŲʡĻƲᣬܻвܳӰ𻵵棬ôܲԣ
Цݵˣüͷ΢𣺡£
ͷ
ۻƲȱݣ˵ٰʮظġܶӸλ߿ģֱ۸ĸӡ
ĸӡ
ڱ£º庣̣ʱᡣԺĻƲԽԽ࣬ƾŹӼȥԶԶ©ֻԽԽࡣʵ㽲š
ʮٳλƲͳƣ˽Ľ
˼»ظţһһȥеҪ
Ӧ
һֱŹ°ŷ裺ȷʵ


 58 

ͷһ, ˽ⲻ, ࣬Ҳ˵һЩٳע
Ϥ, , λǽ͢󵣵εӴ䲻, ɡ
˵˻֪һꡣȻʱţ, , ҪԪҪһ÷
ĳȥ˺ܾá
躬Ц֣
뿪ȥ֪һ˳Է
Ĳ֪һˡ
ؾʮһ룬ʮӡ, Լ׼뿪
ʮ岻, ʮӻǰֽС̫࣬ٶ͸ĵſڡ
վǰ, ŸۡײƮ, ͷȻʵǴԭܽҽ, ƽ, ô˵һˡ
С̫һԹѣС, ϳˡ̫Ҫ䣬ҹ亮䣬ʸ·
Ӧһת
ֹ
, ͸ĸ̾ţ̧ᾪʲôһ㡣ƿӣͷֵˣɫҴңлϲȸԾüͷ壬ϰ̬
ʱҳĵɼµ£δôɫȥ˲áĺͯӶûãŴһһߣٱܱߴѵ·Σա
飬ܻã顣
ΪܵʮɥӵӰ죬ԼãСˢףæ˵Сһǳġ̫ҽ˵ˣСڵӺͨŮӲûκβ𡣽ϸţ϶ǳġ
ͷ˭˵ǼС岻ã»ҰССѾͷ
ķüЦЦ
Ǹѵ顣
ȻһҪһģ˵ǡ
þã˵ɻܽġÿһÿһÿһڳµķӰ˯Եñͣǡ
ǣô
ܣΪʲôǣ
ͷгһ˲ҲĨȥ˶Ըĵһ֪Լ˲ͷͼԿʷ
鲢֪ԼСе뷨жྪסô˵ɫԴ̧ԼС°ͣߣǡǼСôãȻꡣ
ظǿĻԣꡣ
͵˸ſڡ
С̫͸񣺡С㣬Ҽлпس¡С˲࣬Ȳֱ֮ԣֻת
Ӧ֪ˡͷпջ᳣ȥ
С̫¶һ˿ϿЦ⣬ٶ񣺡Сظɣպˡ
תظ
̤˾ͳ񣺡С㣬⹫ˣǻǰݷү˳è顣֮ǰȥ˼䣬үҲȥǰڻûأҪ÷ġ
ĽŲ˶٣ûһǰߣ֪ˡ
͵͵ԼСı顣
ѽޱ仯ûŮӶ˵ϲãҲûŮӶԾǺ˵˷ܣҲûŮӶӵĲϲʵеͷԡ
󲿷ʱԼ˽ԼС㣬־ԼܶʱĲ̫˽ԼС㡣
Ųûмӿ졣
ûӿ죬˼·÷ǳԵͷ뷨һ룬ԼĿ̤һԹһˣԼĴڸ㿴ô
㿴ôһ߹͵·
Ҵﵽ֮ʱﰮ⡣
㣬ͬ⣿
ߵǰſڣ÷Ǹͷβĸƭӡƭ棬Լƭȥˡ
ǰſһˣŸĺ
һĶûп֪ͨĻ
ǰǸ˵ڸСʱ£Сʱܴһ㺢Ӷܿ죬Ҷ飬ܸϲԺĻݲݣϲϱǱţһҪԼȥߡ
СҲˡɺǰһȪˮ
ϲ˿佱ģǡҲֻóҲдú˺ܶࡣԪ
ģ
ķԸģϰ֣ͷʲôϵ
ȥһ߽ţ񣺡Ԫ
ŷԪġ˵ԣ赱ͻһְٰǳ͢١ǹټСݣǣҪġ
񣺡С㡣
ȫǵŶûСµĴǵһֻһǳͨĿԵһ㲻ֵԼ
ԡ
Ļ˸Ƕ롣
̫԰԰ôǵһǸӦ£Բƽ
ڱһղȥʮǶˣҵúִܲ١
ڱϽëĬĬ̧ͷעŸġԭȥʮǶˡǵ˵ʮӺ͸ЩйԼǵ̫ڵʱ˵ĿǺ飬ǵҳס
ʮȷʵǺ͹ԱŮһĹϵ
ɫһ쳣ͷǣҶһЩ˾͹ȥ
ͷ󶼶ס
һʱҪܾáƵѡٵƷһ£һꡣȻ㼸˾͹ȥ
ʶпܷʲô飬־òʺڷǰ˵תƻ⣺ȻˣȳԷɡȻ¹Ҫˡ
ʣûûʸʳڡ
Ӧ衣
ԼͣΧµҵԹ˻ǺＸû𡣽մŸˡ˵ÿһЩȷʵҲʵ
⻰ºЦ˸Цǹ󣬷ԪԲȡ
⻰ֵֹġ
һҩζɻ۸ġ൱񣬾ԼŮԷ̬Ⱥ΢
˸һЦһҪǳ͢ҷףڽͷˡڼҳԷӳһټ۸񰺹ҲֻܲԲȡӼʳҪлᣬСҲԺһȥ
ڱ⻰ǺЦӼ಻Ůӽ롣ȥҲȥˡ
ȴû˳ŸĻЦ˵ţָһգ°սʶ֣ѧŮӽԿ롣
عЦ˵裬͸˵ԪıߡղŻ˵Ҫ°նʶΣڻŮӽԿѧá˲ã˲á
ûѷĻ棬ȴŷ迴Ƭ̣÷⻰Ц
ܳΪةˣ۹ǿ¡·֮䣬ǸǧԽˡ
΢ҽӼһεķԪ»ΪáȥйԷ
񣬿첽뿪
עŸ뿪ӰﻹţʮǼ˼Ī涯Ըֵ˼ǲ뱻ʼҶϣŲݲݺɻ飿
ŷ˳ſԼŮӰô£ôԼŮͷ֮кܸӣ֪ĵط˷ʲôô
ʾ裺Է
ջߣ֣á


 59 

, Ĳɫ𽥷ḻ
Ҫ, ȫˮ㡣ʱ, Ʒһ, ϸһһ̡ƷһһСѣͷ˲ٺ, ˻ɺȶѪ
УҪȵõ
ȷʵ, ̫ҽҪ̲
ͲС, úȵҲҪȡ
ȫȲͣȻҲ͵øһݡ
Լֻʫʫ飬ϲӵвŻ, ƷԲҿŻƯꡣüӡ, ʫʫʱһ
ҪԲϣ⺢ʫʫת
, ﻰⶼ÷Ե㣺ԪЩ, һҪԵ㡣Ǿۻ˰ɣͷôʱ, Ǹ˶Բ
迴ԼǰСɽһĳʳ, ίȰ˵, ҶŵġԼУﲻҼвˡ
ڱϿüԼԡ
һ⣺ҲˣԵ㡣Ȱˣůθ, ӡ

ĶһؼôСԸ۾պǶʱ䣬ﶼûԼвˡƷִһ
һֱΪٸܳŮӵڿһϳǺ͸Сһ
Ƕ˵ôҼе㣿
ЦүôԪ
龪ˣԪͳһ֪⾩жѧôҵꡭ鵱ǰʮҲǸˡҶⴵ˺üꡣɶԱ˵е㲻Ϳ
㵱ԪҲûУԪҲûУ״Ԫ̽ûСתͷֿ˷裬˼Һүһ
ȷʵȲ裬˵¿ЦҡͷãԼԼС
ڹӲǸӣŽԪ˷ܾͷˣ͸ཫע㻹ǷŻصĺ͸ϡעĿζڷָ˳˵ڶʱѸģԲˡ
Ӧ
һٷԵú̻
һٷķΧΪʲôĻӡȻҲǸ̫ƣ˺޲ýµĺȫѵǰ
ʱȥһٷȥϢˣϷȫ£ֻʣ豭û˳Եµĸ㡣
ϢԼʵڴţȻ͸䣬ɫˣǸûȥˡ
ĵ𽥵ͷͬ⣺ЩˡȥôﶼΧ˰ɣ
ЦЦǡڷǽ㷽㡣
ѵøЦ
迴ġ
ĽԼЦסæŲߣղŷЦĲԼ
ܸܵߡԼʱƤ˺ܶ࣬ݼˮƽֱǿߣ°ԼϵĲ豭
ٶȿڣµԣȥӼܾ࣬Լ˵ʲô˵ƽԵԾͺãҵͻС
ϣСС
ŷ⻰һ˼ƽ϶ࡣھǣȷʵ̲ܶ㡣ٽԣҲԱӴдһţһλ˵
ʮ׼ˣȻλȨأջ԰Ȼλˡ
蹰֣лˡ
ͷ
ȸǣ

ļҪߣ豭£͸˵һͷ⹫Ӿͳɡ
ͷĥо΢ϻûظĵľЦӯӯӦ£ɣȷʵкܶ黹δǷԪ롣
Ȼ͸һߡ
ںͷϣȴֱ˻Σʾ
ӡ
׵ˣӣúʺԼﺢӣ浱յͲ̫ܡǸҲɵ
ִĺӰ
Զһʴԭص飺Сͷʲôʱôˣ
Ҳ󣺡찡һؼ涼ǳϦʱˡ
֪Ϧʱģ˸߹£ֺ͹ԼԼ㱨ˡ
м侹Ȼûٶȼ
ҡҡͷˣˣⲻˡ˵ţֱԼⲽǰ鷿̫죬»ѹĶ࣬һ˯ҹ
ѽ
Ĵŷߣһûһš
˵ֻèº˵ֻèʱúܺá
Ӧţһһɿ졣
ЦСл˵ġ
Ļţǡ׬Ǯھȷӡ
ھǿӣҪǮСĿ
û뵽ĴԼ׬ǮԼӡһֱΪµǸģΪʲôҪԼ򣿸кܶӡ
Щ׬ǮӪƾ˸ʲô˵ţ΢ͷӰӱϵĵúܳ
·öɣӰżͻύһ𣬿źǣһ
һ룬ӰӲһƫתǶȱˣ־һ𡣲ͷӰӡ
Ӱ൱޹άԼ״̬
費֪С˼ӰϣֻøĶԼ൱ܡ
¿̫ˡ
֪Լʣȴʳ˿ڣСôȥʮǶ
ڻţȥҾȥ¡
ͣ½Ų
ĸͣ£Ӱעţ⹫Ӳͷô
С㿴ĺܲϲҵ֡Ÿ˵ҪҪС㣬СҲô
΢㶡ʲôϵʮԼΪʮ͸ȥĳӡ
Լ϶Ϊȥһǹ£һ˽¡ôܻΪһ̸
ƹŷһӰ񴿴⻹Ź⣬ǵһ⡣ɣǳˣˡ
ųꡣ
ʮ
עʮСʮЩлԼӦԼס
ķӦٶۣãȻ΢죺ôˣ
ĻͲڳһ̾ô㲻⣿
ʶʣΪʲô⣿
ʧЦ⻹Ϊʲô
ΪøС㣬ϲС㡣Լͷǵ㻰˵ȴֱʵ뷨븵Сߵңκһӡ
紵ŨĻ㡣
ĸܵԼ̵̣¡


 60 

ī˵ϲ, ˶ҧĽֵ, ܳڳ¶ǳڳࡣ
Ǹ̹ϵˡ
˵滰ʱ̹ϣ˵ٻʱҲ̹, ٻһ˵ʱ̹ϡ˵Լ, ̹Ȼǵþϲ
ʵϲ裬ȻֻһƤ
ԸĲ˵ٻ, һһ˵档ӵ黰Ե档Ϊ˵˲䣬ԼҲġֻǶ֮ٱɼٻ, Ǿһ¡
黰һӡӱ, ִҽƽϵͷۡ
黰ҲܵһӣȴǺ͸ȫȻͬɣȫȻΪΪǵİ
ϧڵĸĲšȻţȴɱǵִֺ˫Ⱦ, ض, ɲǼ죬̫̾ڶߡ
ǽԪԪ, гһ縵С˵, Ϊ״Ԫóƿ, ̵׻ǷˡһԴ, ἵ, ϣСǵңϣ͸Сһҡֻҡ˵ԼЦɡ
٣˿ܱ߿ȫȻûˡ
ȴܼ, ͵ĽŲ
Ǹϵ
Ļ˵öȴֵֺĸоϸ˵ݣǾûʲôīͲеȻĲһö
ϲ秵黰ƽ˵˵ǾԲϲ秵ġƷʫӦҲ˵ЩԴʫʡ
ɷֱ˵ͷһ̡뵽ϵԶԶǣǻ⹫Ӻ÷ôе̲סҪЦʵǡ
Ц
ĹѹסϷʺϲá
ĴС㣬Ӧ˾ͱӺƭ
ﶼЦ⣬˫˫շ죬ҹ俴ԡĿڣ⹫ӵϲ֪ܴڶꡣ
һꣿꣿ
ʻȴûжʷ˼ڣԼ˵һӣ˵һ궼ˣ
һģˡ
⹫ӵϲյˡ˵ϻصĽڣֻϻ˵ˡ⹫ӿ֪
裺
ѵǽڣ˵治֪ͻˣ
뵽ʮӣһ˲ɣвǽֿܣԺлݣѵеڶͲɣʮһ˭
µ۵ǻڼյʥּԼǱƵʱûжٺ޹ʮܿܣһУ顣һΣʮһ㲻ϲ
㲻ϲƺ࣬Ҫɺܲϲˡ
ٳϵĺܲϲ漰Ȩ棬Ҫġ
ļ΢ȴûŵԼЦһĿӣҪҵϲֻһأ⹫ӿɻҲֵϲġ˼Ǩ
ϸϸ۲ŸĵͼӸϿЦĺۼ
Цѷ裬Ҫϲ˵ôס
ı΢ÿһ졣
ʣҿԽô
ȴ˵ȵȣһδ׼á
ҡȴδ׼á
⹫Ҫעǵԡ⹫ͲʮţӦóڶŮ鳤ϻ̣ȴ˷һҲʮ˼ڿϣδɻһ¡
⻰˵ȥȫǵýŶҪһʺš
ʮԼԼĶȥԼûԼԼҪʱ䣬ȵʮóɼҡʮ˾δ䶼ˣʮȫָ
ʵۿ󹬿ʮ꣬ѡ˶ⲻ˵һЩˡ
ĵոպá
ǰͷԼˣתͷ˵뿪δгͷìܡָ΢в˲ٶʸģСˣȴܺ˳ô˵СֻѰң
롣
ԷкøУ̸ϲȴΪʷעĶҺסҪһЩŻδ׿ͷǵ
Уֻܴĳ̫ˡһգδס
ɡЦ⹫ȥЪ£˸һյơ
ҪƣȻѲ߲Ȩֱӻɱδة࿼š
ǰٶҪ·ؼҡ
һһزʵԼû뵽Ÿ˵߾ߣʧ̬ǰʶקĵ䣺С㡭
ˡ
ĸܵԼ䱻ת衣
ﻹŵĻȦȦȫǸġŸģһһŸģԼɻô
˵Լסˡ
ɿ䣬˿һһǻӷθϯͷϣǵԿۡ˸ЦǣҸղš
ͣ־ýͲʲô
˵ʲô˵õĳҲͦõģ֮ҲУԸĵӣָȻѸ룬֮Ĺϵ׶ϸɾ
紵΢
ǻһ
΢һ±ӣǿнԼղŵʧ̬ڸǹȥЦ٩С͵ʧǡ
ղһ˲·𿴼Ұ¶Լ׺ݵצΨȻٿѱ÷··
ϸϸǰɣЦ٩
ţ
Ŀŷеӡǣ⹫ô
û뵽ĺȻ䣺䡣
ǰ߽һ΢̧ͷƺˣָ߳һ㡣û̫ȥע⣬ֻŷʶе㲻̫ԡ
ԼǸжֶŵĴҹ㣬ڷ²ֿ̯Լָ⡣
ĺɫ
Ѫ
ɫˢףѪ
һĪĨԼ£̯ȷһۣѪ
ɫѪ÷趼ãȻˣôѪˣ
йжǰƵģĻźˣˣѪˡȥиקŷȥţ̧ͷ
ϸܵһ
ǣˡ
קߣգգۣǣֿƬ̡ܵԼʶԼҪ̧ͷתߣȥ
ɫܺá
Ʋ񵽿κǹգȴš
һҡ
˭Ҳû뵽ڸһٷԵѪ鷿ĸ鶼˳ѯʷûио岻Եĵط
ɿ֣ˮ͸ɾӣ÷辡ֹסѪ
Ѫɫܵŷ裬ûһ˿תơ
ϣͷش⣺ûиоﲻԡͺȻЩǾ̫˵ԵʡǰסںߣоȾʪöࡣ
ڷָһ룬ϸɫж廹Ҫ
Զ˽࣬ȷ
˽Ӧ׷׼ȴ
Ǳ˴Ӽڳ˱ڱϣ͹ģֱ򸵸ǰµʱǰκġʶٷԸŷ裺ۣ࣬ת顭
һϵмȥٿٰ˸
ɨ۱Ͻĸ͸ģЦһ´αӲͷҹûôա
ߣ

 61 

˵ǳ, Ҳеġ
˱ôԶ, ȥʵڲߵЩҪ£ȴһΪж, ʵǲͷĲˡ͸, ˵Ȼ
ó£Ӳ˸ɾ
ССͲôʲôද, պԼӣ, ѪֹסСҸûȥˡ
뿪, 
һ־磬ԱߵﻹŴѪӣˮѪܵģ˭뵽ǲͷ
ôһ, 찵ó, ͷѼž
¸пͷҪǷԪ⣬ڸס¡Ͽյķ仹, ʰͳɡ
Ѫɫָ, ￴, ֽڷϡ
Ѫʲô, ˶, Ƕ蹰֣ô˼
ԪڻȥҪ컹Ҫһ·ס£ҵؼһ·, ֱӾͿȥݷ
ûȷʵ㣬Ӧ£ʵڴš
ļû£ҪڸסˣڸˣһеҪ⹫סµ¾ͷˡδȣͷ䣬Ҫյú¯ůһůźס
Ӧǡ
ֺ͸˵·ææ˯ʡ˻Ź
强š
Ĺָˣ㲻
迴Ÿ뿪ͷ֡ϻܵղǣôһСССģ·ԼԵһƣͿɰסơ
ĵ˿˿ϵСϲ÷ȻϸƷţϱͬô꣬ôûⱲǣģ
ûˣҲȥæԼĹ¡
˳Ÿĵ˼ͷǶԸúŷ˼⹫ӿҪѬ㣿Ͽв٣Щ˯
ҡͷá
ѬܰҲ㣬˯šе˯̹Щ
µͷ˼ʰſͷߺͷ˵춼µģǰЩɹһЩ˯Ǽġ
ⴲǱõģһбʱ˵⣬滻
ͷӺܺˡ
һͷڼҾܸܵһıñӣڷǶڼ۸߰ῼǵı졣
¼̬ȺͣЩСģûʲôˣŶЩ˯үС磬ŵѰ˲ʱշԪҪˣȥԺӹһ䡣ʱһ֪⹫ӡ
ͷ
ٴȷ󣬹²Ŵ¡
ͷֻʣ·һˣõϷ㶡
һԳ֣ԼˣǰܶΣȴǵһסڸͷڡͷ򵥣˻ĴԼױ̨⣬ûʲô
Сú¯Ż𣬽ͷ̶µɢ
Լ£øղŸһǶʲôȻʲôûΪֻһκκۼ
΢ЦһƬ̣վʰһѡ˯ˡ
ǽġ
̬ȾԲų⡣
ۣ͸֮οٸһȫȻԼձ˰Ľԭ˵ͺٱ΢ìܡ
֮һ֣̫ӡ

ıۣǰֳһѪˮзűӵģۣ´Ŵͷ
С£ҲС¡
ʱŵĶ߬ˣΪһ̷ͻжǸѪȴ궯˵һпܵĲ²⣬ݵѪһǸ顣
һѪأ
ķתԼǽ档
ǽʲôûС
ľԼ룬Ѫ
췢ʵ̫࣬ô˯ŶǲˡܾԼûг˯ȥûþͷ
𴲡
ٶȻ˯ȥ
һ˯ٶѹʱѾˡŸţȥǴ˵еû軹еңԼһԴϵ¡Ȥ鷿
ɫľջɫľջټһɫ׺
ĺܿ콫ȫͶ뵽ƷУǣԺ
˵ľջҪͣÿһϸľջ˿Ҫýϵðڷ׵λϡĻ˽粻ǵƴһջ
Ϲ˺Щ죬ŽԼгƷոϺá
ι̶ȣ߿ϸڣ󻭡
տһӵĻ뵽ľڣľСĻϣԺٽӵӡ
Լǰȥͻῴʮʧ̬ǲ˽͹ȥ㲻вʮ󣬽͸ͻ
Ӧ
͵ʮӻֱۡӱ͵ǰ
ʮǰ֪ûǰĬƬ̣˽ǰˡ
ľд򿪣¶ͷŵĻ
˵ŮеЩǴĻƴϾҶʯӣƼõĻǰǲͬģþջҶƴġ
ȦɢҶмǻɫջƴһ˫֣˫м䣬ǰ׾ջƴɵһСӤӤţֻСȭͷڷСɵԴϡ
һƵľջ꣬ͬˡ
һ
ۻֲڵª
ۺ壬˿ƥС
ʮ᲻̲סʹޡжҪһģǵλҪǰҪǸһ
ıʹ֪롣
ʶĲΪԤϵǱһ档˭ܲһǰʧ̬
ʮᲽǰԼڼͷ΢ģޡǻеڶӣĸãÿ춼ǶЦ
ʮ˺ð죬Ȼٶȿڣ£ϿеڶŮӡ
ʮüͷ
Ҫ˺ӲСƿʮӣȥԼˮ쳣ִĳӣ¡
ճӱġ
ʮӿŮѵõִţͬ⣺á
ΪʼˣûôԾȨֻƴȫͼʣµĿհУȡһĻᡣ
ʮ³һˣ׼һ񣬼ϻǮһСϡ
һֱڱϺŵŮӦ£


 62 

Իδ, ѹ
޺ġѩ滨ɫĻ̿š
ǰĻʢ, 洦ɼҼһֲ, ҲѰ, Ļͬƹ˲ҲʵıĻ, Լ۱Ȳߣ绻־дոÿĻ
ıûƹĻ, ˵Ǯֻ
ԼյǶĸɻ˳λ, ֻҪһ򿪾ͿԿĿͶ˷еڶˡ
˵ϲѹլѧϰ, ûǰʱڹӼСѧϰ̫, 
ӳ̶ȴԼǺĿ˵ӣ˵ѧ
ûȡʸ, 鷿һԼڴǮ, ȥӵĶˡһһ, ͽӵпԳǮβ
ôһĥ, ˽, ȥϸѡ档
ȷзӣȻҲвӡҿڲ·εӣһҼһҪƷΣ粼ߡ
żеûͷԵĵ, ῪӡͲӵȵֵĵꡣЩÿǮ⣬еĪӪСǮ
Ҫҵֻ׬ʲôǮġ
︵ȥѯʹЩڹټǶǼǹ׼תõģڱָź͸ļ򵥽С㣬ǰģд仨Ʒأ̫岻ʣرϲɱƷҷ¾ͽ˾ӡ
ţͷǰͷҵĻӡеŹ֣ͷһֻ񣬵ִһͷһС롣
䲻Ӿ͸ĳӡ٣Ǯ˭Ҳʶһġͨ˼Ҳר룬һȥ͵
ճһΪʲô룿ܶô
룺Ҳɣͨ˼𣬶ǳײŻһ롣˼вٻ롣ֱȥ򣬲רõġ
Żᵭ
ֹûڵһزֻܿǮ
ԷӲãϼѡ񡣸÷רľͷ߸߶·ӣȴ뷨һҪûи򣬾ֻΪͨӣҵ
Ҫֻ꣬ǱȻһĽԸһڴһϯҡһأѿ˸ͷڸŮǶ֡
ͷߵӣߺţӵұճƷȫǲرġ
ſڰؼѰżˡ
Ҫſ·۴ߣֱſڣҲѡ߽ڣɨȫ꣺ƹڣ
ƹڹ̨ǷֳϣɢɢƤ̧̧һϳǴ˼С㣬ȴҲûرʽͷˣҪʲôԸ
ߵϿӹܡ
ӹȫľͷģһһרڰڷ롣ȥɾ࣬Ȼÿ춼ڴɨ̫ȥĻĵġ
һȦûκػصƹǰ
ƹƳֿۣտգϰΪ˵ţ򰡣Сҿ㣬³˴Ѭģɷ㡣
Цƹ⣿
ƹɢҵӣô⣿
Ķ˶٣Լʧˡǰƹԭǵң»ֹһӡ
ﷴҲûڶˣıƹֱ˵ˣƼҪ֣طûˡ
ƹ˵ԼǵɢۿģҪӵģ˵롣ݣͷ˴ǣƵġ
ﻰԱᣬ̾ⲻװҪʲôҪǳ򣬿ۡ
ǳ򣬵Ϊʲôƹ֡
ºͻشƹ񣺡ӿꡣǳ򣬲֪ƹΪʲôҪ
ƹС򣬵ҲûĳжġԸĵû̫͸ģҽˡҲˣﺢӸѾɼҡòִ٣׬Ǯһӡ
һˣǼҾ¥һǵ걻ǿ뾩ǵˡ
ĺ棺굽жٽ˱뾩ǣ
Ӵѵ˵¡ƹЦˡôǨ²ࡣǰͷ¥ң֪õģںشҲ˸֡Ժǵٵˣ
ˡ
ɻ󣺡ΪʲôҪϾ
ƹ飬Ǵֲʶ͸ķҪ˵ǾǾǾǡغһԽǮԽΣǱ޳Ī¡
ĵͷ
ƹЦ˵һ㣬λȫˣҲǱȻʼһǮ
ͷǶ֪òõȥ
ƹ񵽵׾Ǹˣ֣̾ˣͷΣ¹ɨĹͺܺˡ˵ӡۣҿǡ
Ӿ¥ֵǮһ࣬ǧſ¡ѰװļۡͨЩİѯ˵С֣ʮͳɡ⵹ǻ˺ܶ࣬һһ𣬰ؼ۵ֻҪʮ
ƹӣλǻɵġǾĽֵ֮һٹסĵطż֡Ȼò࣬ȫĿԲġ
ʱڼѧ˲٣˱˽⡣һ굽ͷ룬ǰëһ굽ͷҲ׬ͷȥӰ˵ɡߴ֧ǿܿ״̬
ʮƹ񿪼ۣ棬ҪһڷֿǮ׸ɣԿ۶ʮ
۷ǳ׼׼ƹú΢
˵˰ɣ׬ʲôǮСҲʲôǮӡ˶ӣӻǮء˵ɣھ˺õĵطʮĲ󡣸űǾԲġ
ʮǰͷ۸һԱȣһĶе㲻̵ļۡ
оͳԼ߹Ƶģںڣܡ
ƹ˰죬ǮȥҲɡǲ֪СѾͷ۸ô׼ãȥǩٸһ·ǮôߣһЩ
Ӧ
ƹӹ̨Сȥں˸˹˸ҿ꣬ҳȥһˡ
Ӧƣæӡ
ƹһٸǶȥһͽǮ˸⡣
ƹͻȥתͷ뿪ӷԼһ顣ƹۣͬȻòǮҪʮǮ𶼴ղ롣
ƶֵĸ˷űϵ飬˷ܣ飬еԸֿˣ
ԴκһСȻĿԼһӡ
еͷȥԵõģʣ¶Ǯ
ӿڴóͭ壺šܹʮʮ˽Ӷ𣬶㣬ʣǮҵġ
ģ
һֲ֧ͣС⽰ɡһرóԣǷԪԹġ


 63 

Թ⽵ߺȻ顣
ĳ̫ˡ
ڴüһ, ֻ׷ʱеôһ, ǰüһľͷһֱôܲǵĿӸ硣
һ˵ԪɷԪһ, ⽵ſд˸ӡԪ̡
ǵߺͬʱ, һߺˡ
úƴҹԸ⽣תͷһܹĿƾٸС
贺ǹûʲôȥ, Ȼ֪⽵ôʱ仹һЦõϷ롣
ѧϰΪ֮֮, һֱ˺Щӡֱָһ, ǻ͸ӣһˡ
룬ةλ޹޹, ҲΨһһ罻Ȩ, ǹȥʮ, ȴܺ, ĳɾԶȹٳɾʹ
ȫ, ۾ϸ, ˻о飺ѧ, һ춼ɵ顣Ҽѵģʱͷи
ϱӵ״ԪҲʸ񣬿ɵ̵ܲԶûⱲ, ѹլѧܹЦЦ費һ˿иȥߡ
ŷ迴Ƭ̣ڣ֪һһҪãլȥá
Цл
һûʲôۡ
˳ȥѰͷȥ֪ûƹҲûµϽȥ˸ӣֻԸǰǶȥȥ㶫
ڸڼ뽫鷭һҳ
Աߵͯͷʰ飬鵥ȡȥҪ顣ŷ費ڣ룺ϲ⹫ô
뻹ڿ顣ͯûش𣬼ʰûϸʡ
ʹﵽֳɼ㳯ʺ׺̬ͣﶼΪҳ˳Ұġ˿߹ٳвͻǣǣͬ塣˵ܻ߻ϡ
һеģϱӵĽ˵˸
ȴǴʨӣʵĽ˼صúЦһССͣе˼
λ̫ˡ
ͯشˣЦſڣܿ÷⹫ӡ
˰˵̾Ϣмү
ͯ仰ʱ֨ˡ
¾ʵ۶үһڵңȴڵҵˡ
ͯĶԻûд˶УȻǲ֪ġ
ȥ֬㶫͸ġ
ĺϲ۵ɫԼȥ֬ˮۣϸʲôʲôǱŮʲôͳһʲô
ûʲôŮЩ͡
˼⣬ͷͼͷྡ
Ǹˣӵغܣ壬۵ķҲ塣ǰͷݳͷţ⹫Ӱ˵мԹ⽵꣬ڹͷء
һ£Цǻ⡣
ֺǣ⹫Ҫȥһô˳·״Ԫɣ⽵껹ܹһʱ䡣˴٣⽵ɾͲٹͷˣ
Ӧ£ɣͿһۡ

ǰ˵ʲô״Ԫ⡢״Ԫ¥û뵽гһջܼ֤Ԫ⽡ҪǷ迼״ԪⶫҪ״Ԫˡ
⽵ΪӣԥѯԱߵ飺ǮܳԵһô
û뵽Լ⽵˻ô࣬λ˲˵Ŷӵ˼ֱŵһϡ߬Ǯһ£С㣬Ҿò̫С
˵ǮˣǮҪŶӣϿ¶Ҫˡ
̾Ҿǻĳ÷⹫һ⽣ԵĻỹһ㡣
飺˼ҿǷԪ˰
Ĵվ·ߣ·ǰͷӵ˵⽵ꡣ˻״̬˽סеͷۡŸģվһԾˣ߲ɱһߡ
еͣ꣬ѧϲĳӣۿ΢죬·ңӡ
˳ָָ㣬Ҳɳ˿ȥ
˭ôˣ
ڸɻʱ򣬾ͼ˼Ⱥǰͷ⽵ϰ̨϶ĭĲ˵ͷšУ첻ʮ˼飿Ԫҿʮ괺ǣʮ꣡ɰ
ģ
ȷʵ̫츳ߣǶȻʮ괺ٻʸμӴǵģѧô࣬ǡԱ֮£ѵ˶ȥ첻ô
ƽȡȴ׷ƽȡļ軤Լڣϳɡ
̫࣬Ǹսͣ˾м·ĵط
ΪԼİȫǣȴû뵽ǸѧӾŲ˵Ⱥкֱײ⽵Ⱥ·Ⱥ׷׻ӴܣΧȺȴ̲סǰ
ֱһѪüͷԸ򣺡ôѲǰͳɡ
Ӧ첽ǰ
мֵ˼˱ʱǰ׼һѧӸҷ˵ķѧӣȦ𽥰ԲԸѧӵˡ
˺󣬶΢
һ첽ĽŲֱһƿߵ飬Ȼͷˡֻһȫϵõӣ΢΢´ֲУ
ͷȴ΢Σգǳġ
С㣬ôܽ
ĽŲ̫ᣬղ˶࣬ĸûֲܹͷ㲻Ҫ
⻰һɨ
̽ڵָ˲䡣ֳذףŤֱŸĴ̹ע⵽ʶһףָܳǰ
ѪĽ
קסذףѪţۿǰӡ
Ӽһذʧܣݺĳذףذ׿ˣҪתӡ
ִѸ͸ϻһĻֱһӲֱ˹ȥ׼ͷֱӽ˵Ρ
һͷѧӻûסûע⵽ߡ
ǰģС
ȴ˷裺ߡ
ĵζҪԵˣȴˡ
ĺһƬˮߡ
ߣϹģҪǸҿӾʹ
һƪѵġСޡby 졣
һֻСǹ׷޻޵Ĺ¡ŮԽ޼
İ
û뵽ԼһԽ˸СŮŸƴҤա
˵һھҪйײǡԭװֻüװư͡ǡɡ˸ݹСӣԸֻ˵˵
˭֪СӲöݺݵԼӻμƵϴڡ
СͻȻˡ
ֹ˼꣬С˸½׷
ʱϲ˿Լ֮ڡԽߣ
ɾ⴫еɷǣȴͻȻҴ壬𽵹סСԺ
½׷Ҫף
׷

 64 

ĸ˻һС·ͺ«һ
ŸĲ, ٳһϮߡŷ費, һֳַʲô칲ãʱ·ϳ˲ͼֹѪ, ģû¡
ŷҵ, ˿̱·ϣҪסǸϮĵ, ĸβ»ȥӱˡ
Ѳ߽ʿܿϵһ־ĻӲ˵ӡǷ˴һߵ, , ˮ͵Ϯһߡ
ҵΪ֤ˣòһȥ
صϵˣǰͷٳҩͷֹѪĲû𵽶, ϻ²סѪ
Ĳ, ɫɫףʷ裺ҪҪϵһ㲼Ѫ۲ۣ
跴ûһЦЦ, е顣
ذ׸, ûжʹоܵǶͬ, ܸܵһ΢⡣
С, òϵסץһ㡣ǰͷͷĻ, ѡ
æڸղŷ賶Ƶ·˺һϵڷ󴦣ԼֺݺץǶ
һƬǽ塣
ĺͷϵ·մȾѪһֱ·°ڶǣ۱ǵѪ, 쿪ѩк컨˵ֶףմȾѪԵø⾪ġʵѪӡûþ͸ˣγɺɫѪϣָУÿȴˡ
һѪζŸ滨ԴζЩ˯֪Լ˯ѪûֹסʧѪӰ졣
͸˵ţСܷҶ˵˵
Ŀ÷ܽ
һɶ˵ıīζ˵ʱȪȪðˮѪȾīüøĲ֪˵ʲôֻڵ˫ŷ裬ãȻ޴ѯ˵ʲô
ʲôá
⹫ôᵽǲСĺܶࡣû뵽ֻ衣
˼٣·￴̡ҳԹܺóԡû뵽ǻͷǶҲû뵽˻ô࣬ǳ顣ڼ﷭ϱһ̵龰ȴʱڹӼͷ½ܴӱ˶
֪иѧӵֿˡֻʱѧӲûк֣ȫȻΪĴħ֪Ļڳһ⡣
ԭ˲˽⡣׶ʮ꣬ȴδԼߵĻǰӣζȹġ
СΪʲô
ܸܵסش˵Թ⽵ӡǳ̣ʣǮܲһ⽡
ܸҲƶ
̲סЦ
ЦΪʲôҪ㣿
ãȻشҲ֪
뵽ʺ󵱳˵¶˻ûгҵʱе£šڳҪ˵£żû᲻ǳ̫࣬᲻С
ֱ˰γذ׶׼
˵ʵ㶫ĻˣҲʱģ
Ĳ˵ˡ
ÿʮһΣĳЩͻıܿ꣬һŮʮϻԵ÷ḻ㡣
Ϊһ£粻ǵԼա
һ뵽ǰΪԼųΪԼ֣˵˵ʲôأ˵ƭҲƭô
ۿȻ죬΢ͷŴ
ڿúܽģͽͷ˸ͷϡһҶðſڣ⹫ӣ
ûлӦ
裿
ûлӦ
΢ĺϣøĺôʶ軹ġʧѪôô˯Ű
ĺŷ֣裡裡
ҴСʮֽ
죬ͷϷһЦЦͷƤ飺ղźȥһ¡С㾹Ȼˡ
ıôһЦеջˡôأڻԼûн֣
֪֪˵֣ҪȥμӵԵˣҪôȥ⣿ЩȻɸκһˣӶд꣡
谲ҿԡ
ľǺдܺһô㱾ƲӣֲƲӡϰָһһϦ飬дòÿͷƯǰʮȥΪǰдô
һһί˵˵˵žʹ˿ǻô˵֣
Ƿǰ;ؼʱ̣һжϡëдֺȫͬ
ҽ裬Լֲ֡ƾʲô㿴˭ӶڲԣûʶԼ˵ʲô
δŮӵܽеģ
İûòԣίίЦͷһȥý侲һ㡣
ܡ
ǻδסδʱǵƵ顣
ֻǽи֡
ڣġ
ֲˡͷһֻ֣ȥԼ̲סҪ׹µ顣ôŶǱƵģԾǰ;١
˵ʲôȴͣˡ
ƿӣ⹫ӣϽô򿴿˿ڣСû°ɣôҲôѪ
СѾͷ˵쳣
ĸϽСײ˷ԴæСץŷ󣬴ŷһߣû£˺öѪأ
ĸ˴æȥҩꡣ
ҩ껹ҩ꣬ģͽóӹǣذ֣ǿҲܺ͹ͷϱߡһԣæŽˣץŷ
ͽͲ󣬼ѪζôŨæǰæ
ذ˵ģץ˱˴̹ذסæһ˿ڡ
СͷָʹԱץҩҩͯˮˮֹѪݣҵĹһ
ҩͯȰѹ˹ȡֹѪݺͲٴҴȥˮæȥæҿ԰æˮ
СˮˣַԸҩͯ£Ź۲˿ڡ
һòѸģСˡ
Ļջ֣õĺõġ
С򽫷ϵĲᳶѪ̴˿ڴ̳ϺῪһΪ˿ڣĴָǶҲһ˿ڡ˿ڶɼǡ
ɴ˿ɼʱذװβȫȻΪùͷסǰذס
СøɾĲ˲֣ȻֱӽֹѪݷĩ˷ϣ֡ٶöĲס˷֣ԼĹ䣺ˮ¯
æȥ齫ˮ¯
СӹȡһһƬõˮ¯Ƕš
ˮտ˿ڡ߷ϡСֱԣС֪ҽηʦһ׳ܽܡ
Ǻģֱ֪ܲӶ־ǡֱš
С裺ҶַϻҪۺܶࡣ
贽ɫ̬ܵȺ̹Ȼ롣
Сͷá


 65 

˲˵ŵ, СȻڣͷ⹫Ӳͷ, Ҫҷ˿ڡ
΢תͷ
Ĳ֪ҩķϻжۣɵСˮտ, ˿, ŷĵƬȥİ⣬øĸͬܵزһ֡
Сҩﻹо, þƸʱ, ֵĵӶŲλáСó, ڷϴʱѲ̿Ȼתͷɫ, һЩ塣
ʶס˷۾
˫ס˷, ԼȴСһһ߷˿ڡ
Ŷۡ
֪Լڲ֪ҪסԼ˫, ɵ˫ס˷˫, ;ԼܿһҵĻ
ð̼, һжǵá
ʷ϶֮˵ú, ٵֽƬ˻ΪһֻṩٳŮ, 軯ΪһΪλþֶεˡ
ȻҲǸˣ򲻻иʽĹԱںУɱ»ʣдһЩڷİ
һйԭǱƽ, һʱ䣬ڸͷѾˡ
ƭӣҡƭӣƭһҲ˲
΢㶣΢΢ͷͷ
˿̷ŵģվŵġԱб跢ĳ˫ָڷƤϣܸܵĽëܵʪ
ˡ
ۿˡ
ûнУûкѾܷԼڳη壬ǿʹķԪʷܿסι˵սһ㡣ʵϣʮɡ
˫ȫˮһг˷֮⣬ûе֪
ԭôۡ
Ĵ΢ٶȴˡҶû˵ʲô˭ɵİĶûСҩͯææµµڱڳǶѰҪҩĥɷۡ黹ڰæˮƽڱϡ
ѪζôŨء
ͨÿһشȡһСɵѪ顣ƵѳΪɫѪѱԭȺ˺ܶࡣ
С˸ᣬȥβҺٶȡµĸɾײøɾ˿ڡ
ҩ˿ڣᡣȦϸĲһߣٴᡣ
ѪӦûˣͷҩֻһײǲҪѹ˿ڣȡ¡ҪԼڣרһˡҪҪѹţƽ˯עŵ㡣Сʦ˵ܶ࣬ϸϸ˵עĵ㣬մˮֲֻҪˡ
Ļûֳȥ
С򣺡áûаǻƽúƸղʲôû
СʰһԼĶ˿һ£һЩ˿Ҫǻ𡣰ºٿ
º
æʣµĵܸô
С۸ģʵʵܸϣ鲻Ҫд˿̫ʹ£ˣܻܿû͸ͷȻûţϸǺ˵ģָٺóʱдҲֲֶáָܻʲô̶ȻҪԼ
ĲѧҽģҲС˼˵ϵ񾭻ѪܣǺˣԺҲǰͬõʲôزȫ
ͷл򡣡
轫Щȫȥˡ
ͿڣСģˡ
ıȻȫľһ¡֪ɿ֣뵽ȫˮԸ飺飬ҵأҴʪˡ
ǰ渵ȡ·ڲˮʪΪҪ֡û뵽հԼСֱߣͱԼСٸ˷ϡ
Ŀڣ⹫裬϶Ѫۡ
Լ˵꣬תͷȥϴˡ
ûѪ۵ģֻˮֵɾˮϵǵˮۼᣬСϸڶҪչ˵
ûпޣ᲻䣬ĺʹ޹ء֪ôˮ⣬㽫С²תͷԻϴֵĸЦЦһͷϴɾ˻㡣
ĿǿӣãǶкܶࡣ
Ҫȷʵһ
û˵ʲôãСϻкܶ࣬˵ûˡϴɾ
齫ԼóĲ֣С㣬ǻظϻ·ɡ⹫ӿ϶ҲԼ¡
ĵͷԼ·
·Ѫ߰ߣǳֲ
ȷʵҪ
ͷ⹫ӻȥɡĺ⹫ӵûһǶȹٲƱˡ
Ե˵·ֲ㣬ƺһ㲻֡Ÿ񣺡ȥٸǶѰ򣬵лȥͳɡ
ʶҪС㣬뾡ϰȥиĵ֣־ùֵֹġֱӺģ˾ԼЩסģȻȥԶ硰С㣬ȻȥߡģȻȥ
һͣ٣˶ϣЦ˵ţȻȥ·ǻҪڹٸǶͷ˵
һгڣ׷𾪿衣
ŷСʽͷ䷢̣קߣǷ裬ǻͷټ
СҪߣ裬ֿģǳʵһ䣺˭Ǯ
ȫֻͭ壬ԼǮĸģ
ŲɹĴǮķ裺ɡ
æŤͷС˵ڸϡúܣûǮ
ȷʵ̫Ǯķ迴ŸĶˣ̲ס٩ղ˵ֻǮԸ⽡
ǿԼСƣôܽûǮ»طҳһ⽾ǡ
Цáģô
ԼǰЦԼӸ̣ŲӦ£Կԡ飬ˡ
ֻ룬Ǻˮޡ
迴ӰЦС˸񣺡л򡣡
лذûɡС˵šԥҪҪͷ轲һڸĵ飬˻ûף㲻ϿԽܶµĹϵգ䣬ע˿ڣҪˣɶȲ֡
Ӧˣǡ
к꣬ŸĵҲ뿪ҩꡣ
ǻȥ·ĸģǴ˿׼ȥѰķ裬ĵͬһͷ
ڰгֵ˵˭˵λθߣصˡ
ˡ


 66 

ĴһѪѻظ
һߵúܿ, ͬս, ȹǴ緭ɣСˡִٸŵ鶼ΪȻ, һ൱顣
, ֱ֪ͨ˹͸顣ղ壬ڼ, ϲҪʱ䣬֪ɫѿ, ҴҸϵ˸ķ䡣
˸ɾˮٴβϴԼӳѡһ׿һЩȹ, ׼ٶȳš
Ůӹ뷿е㣬ǽϻáԼóܰͱ𴦲ͬøƽŽ, ͼϸѰһ
յϢϹ, ˲ţƿžߣģģˣ
, ˲, ֱߵǰʹ˵ƽ, ȴҲһҪ۾šƽԳݵŸϸţô£ò
⧲ץתȦ, æŹͣ, û顣˵ĲңǷ⹫ӡ
ǰ˸˽˵Ҳϸ
ô£ôͻȻҪ㣿
룬ͷ
Թϸϸ˵Լһг̣Һȥ˸̡ǰȥʹ˭Ҫת, ѻļҡƹǽˣǰټǣؽϡڹٸǶ˽ӣǮҺһȥ⹫ӳԹǶ㳢ζһ⽡
ϸ˵üͷ
̿ڣиˡҶڹעǸҼҪˣȥæðһˣذֱҴ̹ŽŲԣƿ顣⹫ҵذס˵ʱ˷ƣ⹫ץúܽƺָͷסذס
˶٣˵Ǹϵö˸ڹٸǶ
ǼΪյ飬Ա߸õȹϻǸ˵ѪȴûбŻƽ˵һУﲻҪģںܰȫ˶ûС
ŴǺͽ벢
вŵ̫࣬и㵭Ӿǵˡ·ϳ㣬˵϶㡣˵͸㣬ֱ߿֡
˼عĻҺͷ⹫ԼڹٸͷŹٸһܲġ
ûİֽ߬Ÿĵ·ЩӲҪٳȥˡٸǶȥӦµĵү˵
û뵽Լֲ㡣
΢һ£ջʧЦɿġ֪ǰڹģ˵ĹĲǽȻҲ֪ں͹˵ЩûãִֵĻǸ顣
ȵ˵ɡŹ˵
Լǵױ̨ǰͷϹŵЩж˴롣ױ޿ԣҪٸǾͲʺҡС
ױ̨ǰ鵭Ȼ죬ֹ
ͭ顣ĶͭЦҪ̫ˡֻһͨŮӣָ˾ǿҽ촩ҪҵǮ
ϷʣϧʱҺֻǮʧˡ
⻰˴ҶʱɣЦǻҵǮûиˡ»سȥǺСһװˣһЩ
ǰִװȷʵװҪܶࡣ
ҪǷƽʱͱЦˣɽ첻ͬɳĬţɫѿšУʺ˼ǹȥ¡
ļﻹˣò˸˵˵еڡ˭Ҳ˲ңԲԣ
תעӹ뻤ҵôࡣ˭ҶҪú˼˼
ŸģĬš
֮̾˿Ƕȳȥ
гŹˣҲ顣ԸûʲôֱӦ뿪ˡߣ潫Źϡ
ﳤòޣƯԸ˵Ҳڡܿܿͨһˣõ˲һʮǰԼн졣
˶ȥˣǿԼڡ
һߵ죬ȫŷˡ˫ֵԼСϣ΢´˫˲ڣһ˺ö꣬׾ΣϣǰһǼٵģϣ˻ǰҲô˵
ΪҲϣǰĴģĵõĴĵõԼõһС
ԲΣҶҪ㡣ٶ̧ۣǹִټĺңӽʺԶһ㡣ԺκŮȴɺκŮܡ
ı񾪵Դһա
Żع񣬷Ӧ˵ǻʺ
ͻʺʲôϵǰﲻ˵Լͻʺ׽һЩôҲû˵ʺʲô顣϶յӵĲƷδϹ
ʺԼʫʫǹۣҪô꣬ЩԼʮӶ顣
Ϊʲô
վղŵĺֻعȴе˵òûдڻǰֿѣǸԳɻעͺǰͬˡ
΢΢̧ۣ͸¶ãȻûܶ
ʺ²ֻԼҪĸ壬ǻʵۣԼµĻӡ˵ú͸һעȫʬǡ
ߵߣḧĵͷ͸ʫʫǼ޸˽Ȼͬ˰
ԼǾԼˣ̾һ㻹С
ľùﻰл
ȻԼԵһ˽̫ǳʺ󵱳˵ûм٣ȷʵòһ㣬Ļܿȷʵˣֻǲֻ֪ʲôⶼ⡣
ʺȷʵΪˡֻЩּ˶ٶ
һΨһŮ
££еһغǮغȨ
Ŵôһ˲ЩѹΪǲжѹ
룬ʷϵĸС޸裬Ϊ飬Ϊֻм޸裬ܲԼĸΪѣڳвƫУվھλϣ
ĻԷƭӵĳƺƺҲ͸Լ
֮̾Ҫ˭Ҫ֡ճ˵˭ƺûжֵıҪ
ĿŹʣ˭Һ¶ģ˭ܶҺ¶
ֽڸͷϡ
ȻʶվڸĵӽϣǸڵˣǸˣܶԸֵʵԼʺ󣬱Ů죬κһ˶ԣɱֵˡ
ǸΨһĺӣԺȴˡ
ջ֣ڴһ㰧ݣҲ˺㡣ǷΨһĺӡ
ļȻջ֣ʶԼʻʴˡ
⻰ʹǷҪɱң
ǹûбҪȸĻָǣ˫ܿ˲žҪӣԸӣ֪¹
û뵽˿һȻһ٣ʶһ㣬ǻʺ󵱳˵ˣ¶ıˣ


 67 

ĺ͹, ŶԷ˼
ȻһʶʺȻǻỳҵġ϶֪Ļ, ֻǲ֪˭ôһ㶯ûУָǺһжһ, ˻ٴ֡
ƲŻʺ뷨ҪĿ̽ҵĵסϤ, ֪ҿ϶ܲ³˼ʲô뷨ھ档û, ңֵ鲻򵥡۶, ϧŮҡҪ, ϱȻһλá
ľ췢ֹǳͬʱľ
Զڴһ̸ֻͨĸղôһ⣬ͱ¶˸ס
ʺ󵱳˵, ͷЩ˶治һ, ȷʵпܡ
۵˸žôңԶľ, 涼ûмһ, ǽһ
ǰֻΪ費򵥵ĸ, ãȻ, ƺ˶򵥡򵥵˿ֻвŵ괫ͲԼ
￴ģһȥ
ãȻͷ, Լһ£ûлɹֻǵʺô˵ˣʹ᲻еͬһǹֵĻûҪ
ô˵еС, ̽Ÿģô
ִҲԼԼΪʲôĻ
ЦЦҲŹҲɲŻʺҲɲŵһţӹҲ̫ˡ
ԥһ
һŴˣҲֻܹʶ˲塣ĳŹＷ۾۾ɺˣʲô
ﲻͬ˸İ죬ֻ̾˿ǶóԵġšҪȥȥ֪ȥ
ķֹǰŻ׼ȥɿˣֻҪҪʲôͶû˿ĵߡ
վת˸ӣˣĲõҡھ͹ԹԵȵȻҴȥٸһˣ˵״ͿԻ
ﱻǰߣͼתֿĵֻ˵ţô˵ľͲġ
ҲĹﰡĽƵſڣŷŹȥ˷ţڿǸҪעˡҵ飬Ҷᴦġ
˵һŲ
˵öԡһᴦġԶԶ
·Щңͷ΢бȻǲִٸġԸȥЪšҺл˵ϽŪʢЩϾܵ˾š
ķλӦ˵ıһġȫǳԵŪʢЩ
ֳŹＷüŪһȻߵǰҽȥһ̣ˣ
鿴ӣû֡ܵš£΢ġת첽ͷ鷿ߣ֪ˣȥ鷿ϸ˵
ĳŹӻ֣ԹԸڸǰ鷿
ڱ˱ӰԾ̾˿
鷿Ѿ軨ʫʫһǽϡ
ֻʫʫǷɽ豻ϧղغˣȴû뵽ǷѲٸǿԽɽӣȥĵط
鷿īŨøĻϵζ
ϾʹֽīζǺš
ôһ룬뵽֣΢Σ˱ȻӰ쵽ԡ
Ľ鷿Ͳ˵һڣѽ鶼˵˵ǴüЩ
Ӧ֮ǰԹ˵Ļº͸˵һ顣
ţ;ûв廰Ψºʾ⸵¡ȫˣ⣺Ǹֻģ
ĵͷ
Լλϣָϵ˵㣬˼ûһƹȥٸǼʱôٿɿ죿
룺ٲ졣ҪҪĻܸϡţӦûע⵽ĽŲ
֪Ķڳ˵ĺáⱾԴô˫Ŀʧ־ʱҲʶ硣
һ˲Ǻ͸㣬ںע⵽㣬ĳص㡣˺ܶ࣬ǮҲ١Ŀȴȷ㣬ΪûûǮˣ߿
ΪǮרҪԸġ
΢Ÿĵͷǵ¶ġ
ĺ͸²һû뵽˿϶ɻʸ飺Ϊʲô
˵һ£ӲҪˡ¬еĳҲ㡣ƹݱ粻Ҹߵɱ㡣ʶ㣬ԱȻָʹ͵йء
źе΢ͷǵΪʲôҪԸҺأ
ŸЦһ£滰Ǽٻ
ø龹ȻʱЦ
һ滰
麬Цڣ˺ܶܡʵ֪˻ɱʺ֪Ҳɱܱ߲СҪɱ
סˡ
º͵Ӹ׷Ůӣȴһֱڸ˿ϣʱ֮ǡ
滰ٻ滰ﵽײ˶ܣʲôܣ´󲿷˶޲
죬ֱϣ˶٣ѰԼأ
鿴ŸģΨһĺӡ
Ĳˡ
ֻ˲Ų˵ȥѹˡ
֪Ķʫʫļֻ̫꣬СʱȥҲǴ롣Լʫʫòǵеģ
ҪǷڣҪˣȻʫʫĳࡣ
ˣٸǶ϶֪١øϹºһȥٴԸҾͲȥˣȥ˲а
ĵͷ
˵ĵ飺ͷһѡ˸㣬ڴ̡׬ģҲġ
ʱЩͷӦ¡
鿴Ÿ˵ķ裬һ䣺ͷҲ֣ԼŰ졣ҪǶûȤֱ׻ؾˡǷĲ֣ҿ԰㻹
Цˡ
ֱ׻ؾе˾Ļ᲻ܲߴաϦ˵Ըףڡ
˵סˡ
ĳŸԼϵЦ⣺˵ġ
Ҳ֪ԼôˡǱסذ׾ˣǱˮӰˣҲǷ˵ʵһ롣
ߣ˶ǸӶìܵġһͷǧǧ
ǰһĲģĵģüʹڼ࿴õġ
ʷ˵˵У˵ô˵أ
Ǳһλة࣬Ҳһةࡣעǧʷʷԡʷϰֽдӡ
Һע˵ʷϱȻ£ܰͷϣǾ
º͸߸飺˵ġ
˵⻰Լúܿ졣Դǰ˲죬ȴϲע
鿴ŸģȻЦá
˶춷


 68 

רɵ, Ӹһֱʻ˳츮
Ÿĺ, ǰ͹£ϻӡֱʩھԿ, Ӵ÷ǳͨ, Ա߰ղֻ࣬Ǻ˳·
·˲û̫нٶȲ, ϰΪš
ڣԼ͸˵Ļ, ޲ʱ⵹, һ⡣߳жĻô˵ģ
һ뵽Լ˵ġע߳ܵýָͷ
ڻҪȥ衣
ܲסԼͷ߰ͻȻ˫סԼһѡ⶯Աһһ, ɻѯʣС, ôˣ
ֻиĺ飬ɸȴҲ֪ô齲źáͷһ, Լˡָͷᷢʲô顣
Լ, , Ǻʾûʲô, С顣
黳ɿԼС㣺ô
ĸĿڣٵġ
鱻ҭס, ģЦЦԼС㲻˵Ҳûʣϸ˵䣺СԺɲȰҸƿˡСݲһ, Ҫˡ
ȥҲ굽һ㣺вһµ˶һ
ĵĶ۾ţСС㣡
ɿ֣۾һӣһ졣
˵ģĹڱϡ
Цͣº˳߰飬Ǹ³ˡ
˳һ˳츮ߡһϵܾ߳ȵûаҡǽܶ²ȥ̫ණǲϸϸԼ˵ҪԼѡ
һܸñȫ
ٲԶӻµĻ䣬ֻԺš
һξ룬ĿԶǶдֵķ衣д֣ԱȻΧһȦŹԱͲڱ̽ͷ̽Եġ
Ĳ֪ʲôæȥ
ˣؿڡִʣֽд֡һΪеĲ̧ţֽī֭
ͼ￴һͼͷһߣЦ£СԵȣҪд״Ҫͷβд
˵תͷּд
вųĺЦԭǸС㣬ղŷԪ˵ˡСԵȰǶŷԪд״ء
ǰһֱڸĺͷ֪ĲǺܶЩ飬ǰ˵һ±̣С㣬һҪ״ġͨҪǲʶ֣ͻỨǮʦҪŮϳҪͬȵַɱģҪоݱ򵥲򾭹ͷҪ״ͻܺ˽״״ĳĳ㡣
ĻȻԭ
ֱٺͺıٲֱͬԺ٣Ҫд״ڷԭˣǸ׵ӾǱˡ
Ȼ֮󣬸￴裺дֿôΪʲôд
Χŵһ⻰ﷴӦһ¡С㡱ʶλǻΨһŮģæԼ˳츮ͷͣС㣬ߵʦݼ٣Ԫд˵ԼͷԸҲҪ֣Ϥһ£˻
⼸˼丵һŮӿԼͬóЩλãøܹÿǶ״
ֻдֵķȫȻûܵ˿Ӱ졣ֲ޲ŵֱûаСһ졣
̫ˡ
ͷյĵһ壬ƹֽҲ塣Ƿֲд֡һʼ˫ֶд֡
ûе˵ʲôš
еֱʻܶ࣬ЩһԪԴ򵥵ú͡һġһǲҪдģת۾ֽϣΪһС֡רע΢΢´żգһۣ˳Ľë͸һ¡
ĬĬдݡ
⽫дȥûлĴ壬˵ʱֻ΢˵˼Ȼ滹ĻԼˣסĻݱϣдǸĵĻݣ˲С
ȷʣΧŵһȺ˶׷״дøɾ
ֿƯ
ѹֿԳΪԪ
ذͼô׼ȷ
ЩֿƼ򵥣ȴôĿġһȶ˶Էıɱ˿ʱһ˶ԱĶӡ
óλøģĹд֡
⻰ͷһȫȻû뵽边Ȼܽиĵæס׼ǰĸģС㣬ȿһ
΢ͷ
½״˱飬óλС롣
ǰдԼ֡ʱѧŷ֣ѧ˸Ƥëôдܿġ
ȥ˿ԪԵƬ̣ղеĲɿ˷ӣһŵĻδɵֽˡһȺͼϣʶܶ·͸ģŲһ١
ĵһر٣һһҪʲô
Ҫڣ赹һ渵Ľ󣺡˳츮ȷ״УǱֻҪ̶֪ͨӶš˳츮а
ˣͷ
еĲܻܿˣǻͷ֪ͨʱġλۣЩȥϢɡ
ûˣΪǩ֣
һã衣
賯Ų֣ǳͷһ£ղ׵˿ˣܷǺ˼һ棿ʵǲΪҪסܾòΪǮơ
˳츮ʵǶԷǳкøСõ˴ǵһȴȫûа̬ʵơǻ࿴ۣĿ⼯еһλϡ
λٴ˿ջ񣬶Է˵ȷʵһȥǸŪѡʲôʲôסﶼ˵ʵȷʵΪǮ׵ġǴ˱Ȼϸ顣Ԫȥ·ȥϢɡ
ͷ˵һԼַסǶͷ鷳λˡ
λٴ֪룬Ӧˣ֪
תϸģЦʵû뵽ô򵥡ҸղʱѰѰһ֪д˵ʦϢתͷͷȥѰˡ
ԼϼҴڡˣǩ˸־Ҫȥ֡ˡıС
һسŴôˣ
ƤƳԼС㣬ԼСϵı飬һӾͲ³뷨Ÿղŷ⹫ӵĳƺûбԼСָ𣬻ϾͲ³˵ʲô
ΪһϸĹ£ڣС㡣⹫ӽΪˣ·ûǴ⹫ȥ·
Ŀ£΢´Ǯô
Ӧˡ
ûǮҲǸûǮġϴǮûǮܹ·ûסˣɫֻ磬ǲ硭
пգпգȥ·ٶȿ裬֮·ֵõġ
Ķá֮ˣ輴㻹ǵأҲòӦ£Ȼȥͨһ
ȸԾͷţͷȥ
ߣģ׼.jpg

 69 

˳, ͷſȥ, һϢһϢ
Ϣǰ;ķ裬ڵǰǳ˵˵֡ϢҲд֡
Ϣ, һʱ䲻֪ȶ黹ˡ, Խøһ㣬һֻã
Ӧ⹫˵, ˣ忴ȥܲܺú֡
ԸȥЩѪ, Ҳԡ
ʲô, ȻͽȥץذףΪԼô
ֹ֣ҲûԼ÷ȥ£˳Ըͯ鵥ø, ٸһЩӻ̫ˡ
Ӳ˿ҵķ, ͷԤڡȻȥ˲䣬Ͳ³еķӦ
ڸλ˵˾˵, ҰҲе, ϲ֪֪ͼˡڱ, ԽΪΪٶ洦
־Ǳ, ֵĶ෽ҲǸܡ
, ȷʵȱ·Ҳȷʵ͸Ĺ֡
·񲻴һͷ˳µ꣬ǽչʾ·Ź̨ǰͷƹ, ƹʲôϣ
ƹִӹ̨ͷƳ鳯Ÿ˵С㣬ĳ¾͹ҸʽҪʲô϶ɡǿԶŵּҲĴ󲼡
󲼾ͱ׼ϣ̫Ҳ̫ϡ衣ǴѰ·ᴩӣ۸Ҳ
ŸߵĿӣ·մѪֲŲ￩ģɵע⵽üϺۣ̾ϳˣλǷԪ
΢΢ͷԴǸ⣺ǡ·ˣǾŵƹˡ
ƹǸˣһؼôĶˣæڣ˭һۣǶǸԪҪһ·ȥͷŵ䲻
ڱϱ˳ףֱЦ
һֱעɻЦʲô
ļƹȥͷ䵹ˣشŷ裺Ц˵˵˻Թ˵
ø⻰Ӧǿ佱Ӧˣ˵ҵøôֲΪ
ĵͷȷʵ
еļƣ˾˷ǳᡣеļƣ˾˺˼룬µÿúÿȻͲᡣ
ƹҴҽԼѡõ·˳ɵĿʽǵá·Ӷȥ÷Ҫѡġӵ·ż겻ỵҲòʡ
·˶ȻԪƣǽϲŵĻ϶ûˡֻ£ϸĲ÷Ը΢
Ⱦۣǰɫߣ࿪滹һأӴ·첽ʱ¶Щ۰ƮݸС
һ£أ
ƹЦС㣬̣۾ǮҪҲɣ׼ҽŷԪ·׼˵Ļ·ϾǷԪġ
Ǯڰͨ˶Լ۸ܸߡ
ڱһֱţȻһӿλ޴÷Ů
ƹʣЦ֣Сǹټˡ
ãȻ¡
º͸˵ˣ˾޴÷Ƕ·λ÷һף׼ﲻٹԱǶ·ҲиأҪԴΪ޺ƹ·Ԫָá
Ϊǰӵ·Ϊٺ޴÷·ǶԷԪףҲǸơ
û뵽ôһѹúá
мҴԶ
ƹЦǺǣԪҪԣٻ
ǰû·ⶫҲһӺ޴÷졣ü򵥣ûŮ죬첹ԼϡǮˣüҸ÷ͳɣû뵽·
·º鷳Ǯȷʵ̫ˡ
ܾͼĽӹƹ·õǰԡ
¶΢һ㣬Ϊ÷ĳߴءû뵽̲ࡣ
ͷϷ˫ۣԣҾûܺÿţܱǿ¼ϲģǿԶ
Ź⣬ϲǵͷȥ·
ƹȥ·Ƕ͹˰ԣԪô£
¼ڵεѰûкõĳ£ûͷԿϵλӡһԺһˣѡ
ڰԣǱ߸İȫſš
ڸһ·ſţָɫ£С㣬ǲҪһ⹫ˣ·ҲմѪ˰ɡ
Ŀ۰ɫ£·ߣȥ͹ȥ
ڳµĸ¸ﻻ·ͷӣԼҲմ˲Ѫں½ǶǣطǺõġ
ϴһϴް
ͷҪ·ǾòѪŪ˼ֵǮ·ֺ첢ãһ
¼һ죬Ļûˣ£裬һˡ
·һ룬ﻹҧ·ϵͼӦ
̫ԣŷ˿ڣ̽ͷôˣ·ˣ
ǰ·°ϣ¶˴Ƭļ⡣ֻؿڣֳ·ϵһɣͰҵ·˲们ڵء
¡
ĿһĻʶǰһסǽԼסǽԼͷס
ﳣˣշܶǵԼɡӱһҪϺܶࡣ
ٺѧһѧƤëⱲϰԸеļⶼСܿǳļƤףôСֱͬԴһ
ϸ绨ꡣ
ճϸ̲ס»
ԴеհףֲȫȻհ׵ġ̫ӣ˵һ䣺Ұ㻻·
δ飬Ůδޡ
ǰˣҰ㻻·
ʹһˣԱתֱֻӽ˴ȥΪ
ⱲӶûԼһ⡣øÿһضͷֲ֪̫˭ᱡ˭
ðһԼŶ
䣬ͼǰĸȻһ㣬ˢһ±졣
轫ǿǿϵС£ͷˡ
ת˸⻬ĺ¶ģϾͺãҿϵӡ
䣬´ȴǹ
ҪܰϵӣǸм
ߣ̫̫Ԩس̫̫Լ⣨ɣ

 70 

Ĳǰ, Լزֹ, ֶˡ
ӣûɹ, Ҳһؼӵӡ
ǰӺֱͦ, ͷִеԲݣԿֱļ׵ǡι΢͹, ԭһ˫䷲ű
ǰǳ, Ҳûк϶١ָܾȥ, ᱻ⼡ס֣ɶɲ
ľԼһľͲ´ܣûмǰֵġȶȣҲ֪ôһֲ״
÷תΪͻأİѯ, ʡÿվǶΡ
ͷܿҪˡ軹Ҫȥ
, Ŵ·չ, ڷִڡ, ֱۻ
, ֡콻
ٴվ˷ǰ, ͷ, ĬĬϵ·ϵĴӡ࣬˵һ仰
ǰǸԱȥӴ·Ͷѡæǧ󡭡
ǧҲ̫ǣ
ľԼҪСϢȦȫǷϢ, ճ޴룬ӶҪϵŪáû̧ͷˣֻǼۡ
΢Цһ
Ķ̣ùͼչ
ͷʻС㣬𣿡
ıĻŵһһشţţֲãҰϵһ´ӣϾͳ
ͷһţһûۿı飬ԹֵǶŹºƹĿɿڴʱʱߡ
ôģ
ſŵǺڣԼΪʲôҪ¡СӶϴͷ⹫ӵĹϵˡ
ͷһиӣͷʵϸûʲôΪ
ûҺͷϣϵӣԭ·ϵϵˡ
ϸ
˸ղżϸֶ߶ջȥͷͷߣˡԼúϲ
סģת
߶ϡ
ͨ죬һںЦӡӵЦŶ˵Ӧ㿴ϲôԼô
е
϶ɨŷ裬ȴǰǴ·ķ裬ȴȫû·ġоֱ˺޲þڸԼȥ
ÿرܲסˣ裬ֻܣȥù¸Ǯ
һܳǮһҪˡȥһٿ
ڳ˾ͼķһ˵ֿ꣬ͷʩʩȻ߳ķ衣
յ˵ߣۣЦЦҺϲСҲϲ
⻰ȱһʲô⣺ϲĵʲô
·˰ָղһڸ˶ûദʱ⣿
´æǮϽϡ
ܳȥĸ÷紵˻΢һ㡣ţڶҲԼ״ǣ˭ûп˵С⡣
ͬûһǰ˵ڶҵ꣬˵ڶ·˳ǻȥ˵ҵ꣬һСԲ޵֬͸ġ
ͷȥʱڸľһֱǹ޹֬һֱ浽ſڡ
³ӵĸЦų˵ȥϢ˳츮һȥһˡȵԽһᴦġ
仰ʱּͬ
ŷ裺һǻϡ
貢ûзǷţּĺ͹¿֪ᱩ¶ŵݣš
ĻŻŷԼʮķһСţһŰһŵš
Ա߹½Ķݸ⹫ӣСҪЩȥˡ찵ˡ
ֽӹԼ·ŹµͷҴˡͷͻȥ
ӦȻ
Ը˵һҪ⣬»пһһ˵
˶٣˵ݡ
̽Ӹˡ
ȷʵǵŷ˵ģдͻˡ˭뼸ǰܱ
ظķԸ
ϳתͷ
ȥ
վǶ˰죬ֱһС㣬תҡȥǸ췣лٳȥһˡ

Ļظ·ȫ֬ޡ
֬޿źͨͷõƤھﶼ£ƽ֬ʵֻǿá˵֬СӷչͦãָԺ۾Ͳһˡ
۲ԼС顣
飬һľĶǣҲ¼ĶݳҲδ֪ıΣһֱ뵽Լ˸ϣ
ѳװ£층ųԵñƽնһЩҲḻһЩ
͹ﶼ¹עŸĵ״̬Ĳݲݳ꣬ʾҪȥ鷿ͽһ죬ùһ
¶ͬ飺쾭ô顭
Ҫꡣĸ¿ӣ㲻ͬĻЦ˵һһǵ˯
˵ܣ̬ȼ
͹һۣ漴ת顣
ûܸŸһߣֻܳү͹¶־ִٵЦС죬龭е࣬ԡ
¿ӣ˵йҲǻಹţе鶼ǽһ顣
ԭأͱйĹһ𣬽Ľгϸ½һ顣ص㽲˸Ļ·ȥͷ֮䷢һ顣
ڷּ⣬ûϣ¿ˣȴûи֪͹
УԸһܲμӵԾСȻסǶͶ͵̲ȥˣô񶼲Ϊ
Ӧ
Ƕȥ
˶뿪ˣüʸ飺ĺͷȲ˵Ҫ˺ĵ˵׻˭أ
תһȦˣ̫ˡֻϣ˳츮˻ʳ
ʹ
ʺһֻ֣ɢǶСɲ豭
ʹɢ̬ȵóʮ幫£ʺķ緶˵һ㶼ϡ
ʺĴŮϸ˵ţոСһ̡˵ֿˣŭ첻»Ԫʮţȴ˶ɽͬһʱ䣬˳ذд̸С㣬Ԫذס
ʺ̧ۣͷϲŵЩ΢ζԵҫۣԹɣҡ
Ӧ
ʺЦһ豭·Żصϡ˹ɣһѣСѾͷ϶ǲ䣬ҪϾ໳ţ˭˭
Ҫˡ촽Լɡ
˶٣˵һȥǸд̵ģ˭ˡʲͽָͷָͷˣûֽţȻͲˡ
Ӧ
ʺ΢̾˿Ҳʲ
׼ˣʺֽס㡣
ػڡ
ʺһ˼ԸӴһ¡͵㲹ĶʮԪǶ
ͣһ£ˣԪһ£˵һźá
ļȻܼ޸ʮҲܱκλʼˡ
ȨƵģʺϡ


 71 

˳츮
д̵ͷۻ, ĸɲ
̫, ϸ˫ۣͼ𴦵
ԶΨһ, ˳츮ֵҹߡ۾ܺ, Լǰš
˵˻ã
ôã̵ñ, ôס츳ѧӣнĶ, øŲġ
Ҳ, ôŶţ
Ҫ˵ʲôһŲæ䱸վ
ͷһ߽߻һӡ
Ž·־Ե崺, æ񣺡ˡ
ӦһѶյִ˷Ԫ֮ˡһ, ɲ顣
æӦ£ӹӴӻȡ, ͷӡ¡
ֱڵʵ, д¼Ѱ
ȷ, óλã
һ֮, վڼ, ͷһָֺϵӣͳ˲Լ֡Ա߲ͷˡʵǿԼʣʲʲôˡ
ƽ, ղһʮָĲһ
һ£ǣߡ
ӵͷ뿪
һ¿ˮԼһŻͬţ㣬û
ͬŲŻǣˡǿ֪С㣬רŶŸСȥġΪһǮƣԷȸ˶³ɺβĻ˭֪Ǯֱġ񿴹յˡ
ͷ
˵ֻ˭ģ˭רѰһ޹صˣȥд̼Ϊ޹ĸҴСأ

Фҡ
ʮӲźһЩ˿ͥԺڵСͤС
˷۵֭ͤһͷФ
ФФŮӡ
ͷײͷϣӣȴŪ˸ʽšױǳôΡѧӣȷʵ˿óǸŮӡ
·ǳۣҷɫĵۡ
ϲҺɫĲ٣Ĳࡣ԰նԣ࣬ԹԣûùۻӴŮӴҲ٣ФƲҴµģ
Фֽϻһͩ
ͩ԰׻Ϊо죬ʱڿš
˶ϲɫФƿڣð׻Ǵ࣬ɾϾ
ʮϲô
˵ϲϲֻǾû̫ɾˣ˵ζһºͺͣҲ˵Ȥζ˻ʺ󣬡˱ӹף˵ϲºͣʵģϲ˸Щ
ʮţûкԼһлʺǲ˵Ҳ˵ġ
Фʣתһ棺ɺÿ
ʮ˻
ֽͩƯԲ֦̽ͷԵø⾳ͩϵִɾչֵ쾡£ܹõıȴ޼
֮ϣȻɡ
ÿʮޣüá
ФЦЦתȥ
ȡ˱ʣڱúɫɫֱԭȵĻϵͼ̣ʮЩ㵳ȫƻԭǸ
Ф⡣̧ȻɫҲȻתͷٶȸʣһתʮɺÿ
ͼϵĻǽѩо죬һ껨ĺ졣ͩѳһָоĿǺ죬ĿüֱҪӻгһ㡣
ÿ˵ţʮȴһ˵ľ㤸У⻨Ҳһ
ФЦҲúÿ
ͷʮˣϻ˵Ļؿˣ
ʮ˵ͷʾԼŮǰ
ŮǰľĻĵõͯջչ˳
ФŻ˰죺˼ô
ʵ⾳ûʲôں򵥴ֱһ˼ɾֱ׵Ͽɼ
ʮ꿴ۣʾŮȥǡġϾܼ꣬ڼҪѧΪ˴Ҫѧ黭̫Ϊˡ
ФЦһ
ӵ飬ʮǶô˼Ф˸ʮЩӦЩ
ʮͷЩӦҶʱڲȢŮӣֱ³ӡ
ФӦһ̾һֳϡҪǿ㣬Ҳ㷲Լá
ʮФ˵Լףʶ˱ӣӺ˿ˮԼ
˰¶һФֱߵĹʮǶƣ㡣ˮݹẮӡ
ʮӦ
ФԼĻ£ⶪ˵ϡɣ泯ϣû˿ܱ߻вٻûôˣ泯£ȾϺ˸⡣̧ʻһǸ˵ӡڼúùԣΪҪҲôˡ
Ҽһ棬ССһ¡
ʮȻҪڸϲٳһ
Ӧǣ
Фһ˵ŮʻԵ·ͼǺɫģʱֻ֣һɫϣֱӰ˻ϡ
üмһ죬ײС
ФЦ
ȷʵǸӡ
ʮԼФ۴³Ժӡſڣʮһ⼸鲻ô
۹ӦǰЩӣλ䡣ֲˣԺ˺أҲûܺתǸӡ
û˵꣬˼ѱ˸
ʮ׹Щչšʵͺһͺ˵ġ
˶٣˵һλҪСűֳ
۵ͷǡ
ʮԸ꣬תظ
ϣһ·ĬһֱԼϣʮӣŽŲЩϽǰ
ʮӼ΢΢ףȥФˣ
ʮӦǡ䣬鲻á
ʮһ⻰˲²⣺ȥˣ
ʮ̾ǣ˵䣬鲻áǳһܣˣ˺Щ죬ѰˣҵƢãɻſ¡
˻һۣɡ
ʮΪʵ׶ӣʱҲ׽͸ʵ뷨ФͲûˣ˭Щͳ
֪ᳳܣƫһϼءΪϲФֻīҲûϲФֻġ
˫鶼ãֺڡ
ĸȻ֪ЩҲһɵģ·ҡ̬
ڣСʹ֪Ҳֻװ֪
ʱǰˡ


 72 

, ͩ, ž󻨺
䣬ذ
Ϲؼ롣, ȴӽһ˹, ˵Ǻͻʺһ׷һƷˡ鲻⣬Ҳסִ, ֻ˸ȥŵȺ
İæٳһ飬ֽȫŪ, æ층, ȥĽꡣ
ƺ˻װ꣬һҪ˰æãһҪԼá
װ꼸ýѳģ񼸺ࡣǮûǮȻһۿ, ־װ, װΪƷġ
뷨һҪڲͬ, ˽һ˲ʹЩ˼ά, Լĵطƹ̨ͷǽ, ȫһһɫǶС, ֲ׶һС, ·ڳһˮۣýˮʱˮͨˮȥ
̨ѡõľͷɫģûҪɿ顣ɿľͷ۸񰺹Ʒ, 
ûôǮǰһǾޱõһǮûתֿˡ
ǽ򶴣ͷʽĻͿֱӹȥðɫ߿򣬸Լһξ룬мżһЩϸɲݣڷŶ¡
мųչչһûĻΪɻмõľҪ滨ͬʱ̵ĴҪܸߣȻҪɹȼãȻֲ˹գͷȻήɣ˽ʱ
úܺãʱھͷһΪļѡٱ¼ֻǽǿʵҲǺͷںͷǽһ͵Ļ򣬾͸չϣӵ׶һֿʼֲ俿Լǽ죬ҵ̨͹̨Ϊһ塣
¼ֻһֻҪúãÿȶܿҪƷֺãͬڻῪһɫĻֱ֮
һ㣬ѡóһֲꡣҪֲ⣬ֻ񾩳ﻹûҵֲ꣬Ժȥ߱ĹҵѰһ¡
ȥ⣬¿յؾͷӣͷʵĻѡһЩȾɫֽʱͨ˹ѡ仨ͽ˰ֱ
߶˼ȻǽӵƸ
еơ
ĴһЩƼܣͷðɫƬĸɻһ¡úãڹϣӾͻʵĹЧȥ쳣ܰ
ǧ뷨ʵǮǮǮ
Լˡ
ǮýǮˡ
ʶһʱɨһ̣ѡƹƹڰæǽ̨ͷѡĵССˢǽʮ壬С˵Сϰ䣬һˣֽڰڷŵƼܣͼڶԳơ
ڵŶģȫǸʱǲˣԺ󲢲ҵ¡
еһʵֻ֣ڹڹãͷ˭Сô
ܾĵССáСǽƹѡǸĸ˲š
˵ĿڣеգͷҪ
Сתͷ˷ܾϵǽˢҿԣҿԣСҿԡ
ĿQ˫۷С꣬ͷۣУһСʱĶǹңһҸæ
ƹ⻰æڣС㣬ѡѰɡʲôҪ󣬸˵һͳɡ
˼һ£ҲɡҪһ̬ȴһЩĹҪº͡ʮϣʮ¡Ƿ䵹ǲҪֻǲ˵ͺǼкӣӲҪɣҪѧʻġ
ѧĻѰһ㣬ѧĿɾ治ࡣ
ҪǮȻж˲Ůѧһʻ
ƹһ˼ͬˣɣһȥҡ
ĵͷѰˣҪԼ
ƹӦ
ߵ̨ߣѰ˵ڽĲӣˣȷͷƹͷһٷߺȺȲ裬ԺܶԽӡҪǽü۸ʺϻ߻ˣ˵һῼǻ˺
ɱϡ
ƹû뵽ҴС㻹ͦ⡣ӦС˵ǣ»ؾȥȸ衣
˴룬ļɫˣ飺Ǹûȥˡ
ӦæԼæĻƣߣС㣬ʲôʱ˹鷿кöˡ
ıʾǽŪ˺ٵ졣
æͷá
ĺƹ˵һһ뿪ߵֻ಻١Ҳϣ׺ôˣ⣬ԼҲٴĪ׵ˡ
س̡
нŶߵĳԼ˵ĽŲǰȥϰߵúܣͦϲʽ
ţһԼһصĽŲԼһӭ
Ǹˡ
˻šѰ˻ţʾͲһˡĳλӻ߹
ܹͼһλӺһλ˾ǼҲϲ˵һǿһ㡣
ͷӦ
ǸСôͷһİӿѯʡ
㶣ǲʶˡ
ش𣺡ǣǣ
ӸһͷңңԻƼˡСҪǷ㣬ҳһ𣿡
ľ쿴ԼԵ顣ҪûǴƼȫھǣסȥˡ
Ҳһ£ãȻԼС㣺С㣬ƼҲסھѽ
뵽д̵£ƿ̽ͷ
ֻǵ΢΢˵һȻŸ߹֣ӻͳһӡǳΣž뿴֣Ψܿ׺ɫ롣
ߵǸѡˣ̺͸˵ȷʵƼˣǽеӡ
Ƽˡ
ʫʫҡ
ǶԼľ˾ˡ⹫šо˾˻Ϊֹǡ
ǰȥܱ߿˿ܱż濴һۣܿ뿪ˡû˶档
ƽ渵İ̤ľͷ
ƿӡ
˸Ҫǰһ飺ֻ˸Сһˡ
üæģС㣡
ĿڵһһŮ߽һ仰飺õġڣƼǼ룬˳Ұˡ
ŮͷϵһɫĴӣΨм˹ŻϵġϻظʮҲ
һһ£Źѵúܡ
Ƽ˴ǣʫʫɨĹġΪֹûɨĹǸ㡣һֱΪɨĹϰףԭֻԼûȥɨѡ
ĳЦЦǸģ֪ôƺ
ŮӼŸģǰ̽̽ԥŸЦЦȽԼˣԪԡ
΢еĻĸȻ֪ΪʲôҪСտСòЦЦû˵֣Ȼִ֪ʲô
ŮӽԪԣֽ̧ԼͷϵĴӳЩ
üһ¶졣
ŮӳŸЦţ룬֪˭
ߣԪԣ׳ĿС

 73 

΢, ˸ƫƧλùսȥ
ҵ, ȴһξ֮⡣ҪϵƼҵģ¸˾Ҫˡ鼱еò, ȴûа취ͻƼ
ϸľԼɵӡ
һƬհ, ûԼϵı飬ôɵɵ㶿ǰŮӡ
ŮЦʱܿβĺۼ, һòϼѣһº͵Ϣ, Ǹļ׸еģ
ĳŴ, ĶϲĴٹˣżͨϰգҲഩŻ˻ɫ·֪ʵдɫɥİɫͬ, ס
ǰϵ·Ͷƫƫ, ǵϲãҲ÷ǵӡ
꺢ͯļ, ʱ, Ҳеģ, ϵǷȡ, Ƿϵ˲һ
ǲͬ
, ĲʶΪʲôƬȲˣȲˣЩͣ, ԶǱȲʻ˵ġ
ǰŮӲǵʱѡõķɽ裬ֺش׵Ļ滨ʲô
Ằһ
ǰŮӳ΢΢ףĸӦĻ
ûпޣûģûѹԼ𾪵ſˣе㲻֪εķӦֻǰŮӣԹǶ
ʫʫ
˹ˣһѾȥ˶ˡ
ʫʫƣ˵ܽϵ˵ڿ꣬ͷ㡣û뵽·Ͼˡ
Ӧһš
ʫʫһ㻯Ÿĵ޴룬ϸϸŸø֪飺ԭȺԪǴܱ߻һΡ˵Щ鷳ϹһԪԲ뾩ֻһߡ
һ죬ʶ⣬æǰ̽̽ɵ
ʵÿ궼ڸʫʫ밡
ʫʫüۣҺЭɻ顣
ˡ
ʲôЭ飿
ɻ£ʵôҪһԶô࣬ж˵ĳɻΪԼĸأĸ֮ԣý֮ǵףܶʱô飬Ҫȫ֡͸Ľŵ
죬޴˵ţɡ
ʫʫ˵ȫĻɣϲİأϲԪԡҺ͸İسɻ飬ɣ޼븵ҡİҲϲɣһ˵λȨƣڸ˵ϻŹɣҲԺԪһ𡣡
ãȻ֪ﻹô
ʫʫ˵̾һ֪Ҫ֪϶ҪߣôܾίʵһûίƼҼˣֺԼϲһίأԼͷһѣȰȰ
ĻһԼ׵ֺ͹֡ѰڸҲû˻֡
ȵȡ
Ȼ͸һ
ָԼҲǣ
꣬ЩʫʫѸģڸ仹ãô룬Ƕ˻õġ
Ļæѹڻȫ𾪣ҲǸŮ
ԱԪ΢ü⣺ҵŮ
ĸ𾪿Ԫԡ
˵ӣ޹ݲϣȸ黹һЩһϷʣе㲻˵ţǿɵô꣬Ҳû
ľҪǷǧҪŵġ
ǲ෹˵üָ꣬˺Щܽᡰ𾪵顱ʱٶ
ƿԣԼԴ·ըحҩ˸ס
ʫʫŮ𾪳Ҳ֪ô겻͸¶ʵԼĴ
ŸǸЦ£ԪǰھסΣ˲ǶұһֱûȥҲɣڻġ飬ҺԪԳ뿪Űôꡣ
ĺһֱ־壬Ҳ޷͸¶ࡣʫʫŶʵˣǼһӡ
ڸҡľúܻڸôꡭ
ڸô꣬ʲô£ô
ԪԱʫʫһЩ
óģ˲ʹ˸ԼûĲİôӦõġʫʫжʫʫҵļױȫǶڻûȫȻЩĺҲˡ
ʫʫýһԪԡ
ôطĽһſ
ͷԻţȴ־һĺܺЦǶûס̡
ʫʫ͸˵İغɣǺܺõˡЩһֱ㵱Լĺӣϸšˮŵġ
ˮȷʵǸоˡ
£¶ɱ
ΪԼǸͨͨĹټŮȴԼһУȷ軹šܾ÷Ī⣬ȴû뵽Լȷ軹Ī⡣
˻ʺ󣺡ʺǶأ
ʫʫ⻰£ЦǸܺõˡֻǳ˻ʺǾҲ޷ǰһˡԪȴˡ֪ܶЭɻһ£Ҳǲ֪ġ
ͻʺ˶֪鲻࣬Żụжԡ
һЩ£Эɻ£֪ʺ֪㻹ŵ飬ͻʺ󶼲֪ƼҸ֪ģǵɵ֪ô
ʫʫͷİ֪ҸߵҺԪԡ
Լ滥ཻĽҲ齻Ľ
еӭ涪øĲɿԼͷô
ĸһǣһݼΪտĳˡѹڼܲżĹܣ鲻ġ
ҲˡСѾͷϲϴ˼ҵĹӸ磬ŴСŵԳɻ飬оڴС㡣û뵽¶һ¡ôûںǴûԭ¡
˽ȴҲõѡ
׵Ҳ죬Ҳ֪ʲôݡҪôʵڸӣҪôʵڲ
ܸ͹Ӱ첻С³һ̧ͷԼǰһһŮǣҪһԸô
ʲô޷ǾͳԸˡ
еǾͳԵúһ㡣
ʫʫԪԶһۣʧЦ
ȥѷںȷʵҲֻܳԸ
ϧʱ̴٣ʫʫЦҡҡͷ»ذɡòִ١ٲ߾Ҫ˷ˡռ飬˵ǺƼһλıʿ˸棬ƽʺͳɡ˲Ҫ
ĹԹԵͷ
»ؾͺá
һЩˣҲǸ顣
»ؼĿԪԣܸܵԪԵڴ
װ
ĹԹԺԪҲһҲ»ؼ
һƺѣǰȴЦøˣƵʲôԪԺЦһˣȥɡ˵ǸԪͦõġҪǳɻ飬һʹǡ
ĸ˵ʲôͼֲԪһš
˻º͵ŮӣҲȫȻûƢġ
ĹȻؼҳԷˡ
Ӧͬ£ͷֻ˻֣뿪


 74 

ľ绹
ӵ˶Լܺõĸ͹, ַԼһ׵ʷϿû˵Щ, ˵˶²¡
ûʲôѪ⣬˭Ҳ֪ǸŮ
ʱ, ĸûǰ, ԼԼڵá׵ļױ̶ܴһףԼĶԼġ
˵ǸǶ, ԺǵԼˡ
Ľ·ϣŸ˸
ڱϻСôô˼أһǸأƼô˵ǾˣͲڸС𣿡
룺ǻ治С
Ҫ֪, , תͷűҪܡ
ԪԵ֣ǲ㣬һˣ˭հ
, ͷһ, æС㣡ǻհ
ģ
ʱ˺ܶ顣
ﲻʮӳɻ飬ΪáǻѪΪʲô˵̫, Ԫ˾Ǿܡ
ܶ鲻ܺͻʺ˵, Ҳˡ
İ̾һ, ͷײǽҵͷʹ
Ϊͷʹ, ˣôˣѵжˣղš
Դ, ָ´ͷͷʹҲûжȥã׼Ǻȵõġ
Ʋ죺С㣡
ĺߺΪھԺúȺ, ˯һþٺúװ޵ȡн꿪
˵飬˻òҪڻûȫȻŪ֡
ʫʫԪǣԼһ棬б顣ִִȥϿһۣҲ֪ʲôʱ
Ҫ飬һǺúøԼ飬ǱԼ
ϸ˼ʷϷܵǣʼҪҪҲǲܳ֡ǻϡʺ󣬻ǽеǻʮʮ˭пܡ
̾ȴûٱֳʲô

ʹ
ｫ豭£Żʺͷֻ
ʵϲֻ£ھﲢǸܡҪҲףΪϲ÷ǳԴ⡣ͬһ鷨ңһϲǾſ佱죬һϲǾ졣
Ȼųֻһ䣬˽Żʺ˵
ʺĦʵ۵˼ϲÿ춼һҲˡ˰ɣһǮĲԼҲԼ
ݺݺܶ࣬дùͷֻģˣһ£תͷͱǵԺҪƹܺ󹬻ɣǹͷһƬ
ڻʼҶԣŮԶȱġ
ʺָɴָ䣬Ϳ֬Ĵǹһ΢ĻȣĻԽԽû˼ˣ¿Щ鲻á
ﺬЦŻϲФġФӿ
ʺӺ﷢һЦתŵɢУ⾳ѣһܣýľͷ׮ӡ
￴ǰֻûߵЦӰ쵽ѰһѰ˼ȥܾò
ʺ̧ƮƮ˹һۣˣҲò
ŻʺҲòʺ󡰲ġҪǾòȿ̫ҽһȫָİ
Ҳǡв̫ҽʺȡһۣ̫һ㣬һԣҲŶԵķ򣬻ͷǳ鷳ɲá
Ӧ˵ǡ
ʺ󡰰һˣ˵Ԫĵһ̿ͣû°ɣû
˶ӦʷԪû飬ǸıȷԪҪЩ˵˵Ļ˼ֹһ㣬űĻӡ
ɡЩ춼æŵԼҪĻꡣЦЦ˼˭Թɵģ㲻ڡ
ʺַһŶǿɲ̫áڵͷࡣ˵ǷԪĺ˼ҰǮ˵
Դ˱ʾϲү۹⡣
ʺŹЦζȷǺˣ
ЦĿϵġһһһ׼
ʺ˵ĵ˵۹ָĲǸĶԷԪ̬ȣҲָǸĶԴ̬ȡһ̵ĶԻòŽĹˣҲǻ̽ˡ
ȻĿˣҾҲһ¡ʺ󽫻ˣˣЩȥɡͷû˼п仨
ˣעӣȻˡ
ֱú
Լ˵ϡҪôǶԷݼ̫ãҪôǳֵˡϧ񻭱٣޷׷ȥ
صʱѾڼˡ
ԷϿ쳣ҳ͸͹˵ԼƼ˵顣
ƼҵһıʿСӡҲûԱֻ˵ǰƽһʡһ߳Էһ˵š
ϸ͸˵Ƽ˵ĺûƼ˺ǣʲôҪ¡˾˻ǹģһ
˳ŹĿڣԵӲ࣬»ؼ˿Զ䣬ƼҲġ
ӦĿ۸顣
Ͽһ㡰֪顱ӣɫŷв쿴һۣô
ĵ͵ʧܵġ
ջߣһѧԺҪǻɣһ£һЩ
Цĵ꣬Լͺá
ģǰκʱ
ǰڴĽ١ǰʮ꣬иܺõĹ½֡
ԹظǶ
ϴ΢ĥһ£ڴϱ顣֪ǲǼԼĸ֪˹͸飬˫ɶԵĳЩ衣
ΪƽԼкͼ壬һɶľ֡
أ
ʷϵĸأ
Ҳһһɶľ֣ҪԼϲһô
ɡ
ľԼЩѣһԼǸģһ־Լĸġ
һԹߵĽǶȣϣԻþһЩȴ𽥱ˣϣһ׽ݣ÷ԻøһЩ
˵赭дѰĹȥȾȨʢ˻İ
Ľϳ˳ԼڱС
Ӻ˼룬Ĳ֪ڴϱ۰˶áº͡򵥵ˣȴûгһջôô顣
ͷѣʻ˯ȥȻβûзŹһһĵִ档С˹Ӹ߿׹䣬ɰʳϹſ
Լϵıӳأص
μ˷衣һʲô趼ģ÷ǳһΡ££»ʼѿӡ
࣬ԼȵҪˡ
ڷͳɤġ󣬸Ȼۡ
ˡ
̣ȴе㷢䡣
ԼԴ飿
ɳơ
ˡ


 75 

˳츮֪ͨܿ쵽
ġ, Ѱ˳·ǰ˳츮
층ϵ·, Ǹϴġ·ϴŵζմȾһҵıīζ, 
ڵ˳츮û, ϢͨΪ˽Ǹɶõ˲šִǴԶ׼İ, Ϊѵ߸ġ
ھ˳츮һֵĵطͣ£³, лһлʦһ̡
ܳлл, ұҪڳǡ⹫ӿҪǰһЩ
ˣԼ躬Цܾ˳츮ȥ
Ϊֱֹһ, Ʊʹԭûʲô, ָʱȴ
һ뵽ҪģŲһЩ绨һº͵Ů, ƽС䡣
˳츮ܱв, һҲ̿úܴ, ˽ȥһˮȡһǮһ, ǮԺһ졣ԼǰԼõ, Цһ¡
һǮҪһˮ˶ԷǰֿʵϢ
¿Ϣûд·ʵӳϰ䣬ʹûдƷ, ҲĿ⡣òʱ̲סܿһЩ
ܵûʲô̫ͷкѺǶĲǾѣæ䡣д̵Ѿʲʲô
赥ֶˮ˿ڣעź¿˼ź¿Ļ
¿Ϊֻ˳һʵ飬ȥ仰ȴû뵽ⰸԶûô򵥡߷裺ʻд̵ָֺϣ˵˵ˡµ㵽Ϊֹ롣

漰ʼҡ
ʮĵλԶûжʮôߣָʹǻʵý֣ΪʲôΪʺ󣿻ʺʫʫĹϵõֵز
ϱȷʵܸܵʺԸĵĺãʫʫǰѾ߹ʺ֮ϵȴ㲻϶áǰżĿ˵Ĺϵ

²룺μΣ
¿ʻü˵㣬ϻǿġƳ۷裺ڸýкμҡ
ӱŸļ޵ĸȥ˺μҡ
ʧЦ֪¿ǿʲô˼Ҳһϣͷӱˣǽһռҡ
¿򵥽ӱ¬Һղҵֵúܴӱô˴£Ѱ˲ˡͷβ֪˵˵ûʲôТؿɼɵ׻Ǿ̫¡
´ţӱ޳⣬ӪҲ⡣
¿ǸٵˣȴԸͷ˵ӱصĻμһ֧żĿڣס
ͨСƺˡСҲӰܰ¿ǶȥѰ̽Ϣ
ŵͷӱȥȷҸµӡҪ꣬Ӧȱ˵ʱ򡣺ͨҪ¿ѧ㶫곤Щһᰲű·
ʱ㣬Ӧȱ˵ʱ򡣾ڲȱˣԺӶˣȱ˵ġӱӣԺ֪¬Һ͹ĵìܣ˽⵽Ǽж֣ȻĹŸġ
¿õ˽ɡһһҲ㻹ˡ
ǰĲˮһվǡ
蹰֣ź¿ͷҲ뿪
һ뻹һѿաܱ˳ûдŵ˼⡣ˮһȥȵֻһûмƬҶӵĴֲף뿪
ɫ䣬ȴʮ㡣ַǰأ˦š÷·ú壬İչ¶˸סѰȫȻĳ
洦͵Ȼ̻šȻЩȻȴûµССܺôӣֿδ˻
̤˳츮ȻһֳŲЦЦǲˣСˣ
˷裬æֻʾãŽһ£ԪáСˣˣǸѾͷġ
ˣ
Цһ£ѹС걻¹Ӳú
軹Ϊܼ档
Щʧ䡣
Ų˵ͷɫķϳ裬Ǹǿˡд̶ᲡôͻȻˣ
һС꣬е䣬ϸǲǡ
ô
货ŸĵĲͷһֱڸߵ飬ǰߡ
裬æ񣺡⹫ӡС㲡ˣû뵽Ҫ˳츮Ͼˡ
賯ͷĲɻãôͻȻˣ
̾Сؼ·ƼҵıʿƼıʿ䣬˯£ڶͲˡˣ˵˼ǹءǿ꣬ˡ
Ƽң
һ飺ҽȥݷô
æҡͷ֣ܾǧ𡣷⹫Ҫˣ˲ɲáСҪ֪Ҵȥ϶Ҫ
˵ͷ˾룬ŰӰ
˳츮΢֣Ȼܿá
ŵĲ亰š
ٹһϵݣԸ
衢Ⱥ߽á
˷裬һڣԪ岻ʣùݡ
蹰֣лˡ
Ա߹ݣСŮ渵Сǰ
Ӧ֪ˡˡ
ļ򵥡д̣һһˡ̽˴
ǰеõϢڼķʱȻһӵǱ
Ǳģһ˫˫ָͷȫſſǶѽغɫѪɼţʶſˮ˫۷ſգƺѲڡ
Ŀۣһ
ôѳˣ
ͷдõ飺˰ζӣٷǳߣǲһϲģǷ࣬׿ʳףͼḵСǮơ
ҪǷǰ֪н֣ˡ
ͷ˵һ飬Ȼ˵ţΪһ֤֤ڡ
Ϊʹ˽ķ΢̧ۣ·Ÿ˵
в֮븵СԹйʹɱΪΪ
ֵȻ̧ͷ㵵ɴۡ
δ䣬ճȻȻڶδ֤Ǯδ鵽ΪڶɣɣԱΪо¿飿
Цˡ⸮װڸⰸĻŻˣʵǲ鲻Ҫǲ鵽ˣ˱ֻ֣ܻᱻС
Ǹˡ
蹰֣顣
šǧ᰸ٶϾ˰ӣá
ù㡣
ֵ˵ϲڵĻҳĮɨԱʶӡǧ˳츮أֲҪͨʵ۵о
ע·ϡ
ƽǼģ˱ϢҪйصϢ
תͷվ΢ףת渵С㣬ĵˡ
⻰ͷԣãȻ⹫⻰ʲô˼
ЦţС֪ġ


 76 

ɽ, ˿
ڴ, Լ·һɵ㣬㶼붯⼸ò״ת, ŵ硣
ƣ, ʱʱ̲סҩ˸ʲݻ˷θ, ۽JJ𣬷¾ԡ
Ʒܽвó, ҩǶ˵Ѻ, ζ겻ɢġ
һܶͱϡ͸û뵽Ļǰֱ߽׼ֻüѾͷ, ഫһ¸ĵ顣
ת˸, ֿһ
ĵˡ
ת仰
շúȥ̵Ҫ󣬹굱, ̻ĵ, ڹһʲô, , ͵ˡ
ĵ, ޵ͬȴֱ˵Ůһ޴ѹ֦ͷûٻһֱһΪõļڣ︴, ů
ſ̽ͷСѯһС㣿
תţ
ţƿ߽һֽݵǰ⹫ġ
Ĵӱãӹֽ
ͳֽæӱϡ
ֽܱ͸͸ֽͷĶֽϻһ޴ĵֻһ仨ƬҶ͵͸Сһģһĵٵģٵġ
ıԼ뷨ЦˣȻ飺⹫ôȻϻǺ͵ô
ҡͷǡ⹫͵ģںš
ļ̌ͷҪˣǸñѹô㲻˵ӼǶûȥˡȫǻΪˣƽֱʧˡ
ڷ˵´÷зЦĻһЩѧӣͷ첻˵ֻαװ˵ӣòţԼлԪ
ǰͷ⽵ѧӴɱķ̸΢һС£Ĳ˷ĵ죬ĲѧӵЧ¡
ںšүڣ˯ˣڸľСֲšһù½˰ɣ
ĵͷֿŻ
ƯƯþͺһ
֪Լڲˣڼ裬ĵиСڱQQ޲ǰקȥ֪˵ʲôʲô
ҡû䣬ãС㣬⹫һ
æȥſã˻ַŵ˸ǰ
ãȻӹͼһźһЩֽ
ֻֽܺھƫµλãСˡС˻úܳ󣬳ֻܿһһŮ
ʶʲôæѸղŻӵŻϡһ͵ĵͳ˻ϣĵһһŮǶĻᡣ
С˹ĵ
Żĳ
ĿŻ첻֪˵ʲôΪáԱ鷢Ȥͷ̾⹫δ̫һЩôأ
ð죬ĲŻȻʶ軹ںŵš
æŵһԣӴ·飬Ҵˮȥſڼ
˼Ҳǲʱڣһţͷ粨ӿĺӭ˹ûҴ·Ьӣݲ÷ͷţϵӲܡ
泯ŮڲɫƽնҪһЩСܳɫҲնǳһ㡣
ͷ۾ںڣܽʱһ־Ķǵ
һϸľӣŸܵԼǰһʱ侹˵Լһпõĵ㣬Լòƣȴû뵽Լгһջᱻĵòʧ
ĸһ룬΢ͷ裬㲻Ҫô
迴ǰĸģݸ
ԭôһȫȻơҪˡ
Ĺŵԣа¡ҪҩҪôǲǿԲߡ˵ţȫȻûдӸŲ
Ŀ֡
ȷʵǻҩˣɾúܡ
轫ľеݸģٲҾҪ˽һͽȥˡ
ˣʣµĵȻ֡
ĽӹľУǺͷһξ룬澯ŷ裺̫ðġ
ðеĻᴫȾˣеĲ̫ᴫȾˡԸֲһɻȾ˵ִ
貢ԼᱻȾϸðǸŵͷ
ĴľУȡһֽ֡ӱ͸ϷһַǳдšĵҲ
Ŷ滹иСдˡ衱֡
ģ
ԴתȻʶǾ߾䡰ĵǸʲô˼
һ˵˹ΪðôӰ쵽ܴȾˣҲüһֵãò
ī͵ĻҪ档͵ĸɻ͵ĵһδε̲סɻ˵ﵽж˼롣
һ㱻Ⱦ죬ȷʵе㴺ջζڡľиϣһأôдĻ
ֲҪġ
Լ˿ڴܸܵˡŸЦддˣʲôԵأд˵ô֪
Ծһ˵衣
Ȼ˵ǾֱֻЩ˭Ҫˡ
ŷͷеЩˡ
˵˵߻Ҫߵġָ΢ľϹβţŷеķӦڷ̣Ȼе롣Ҳر룬;á
ѱʱԼС
ǵʱ룬߾ͺˡһα˵ʷ˽ֻз衣ܹǲͬġ
Ҫǡ˵˵ţԼ֪Լ˵ʲôˣҪҲûʲô
ȻԼĵΣּԼ߷衣
ŮĵҡȴֱԼЩ¸ѹ¡˵˼ǹأǰϿ̫ʵȷʵѹȵֱˡ
ָŻΪԼظԼĻ˵ţҲûʲô
û뵽ԼһЩ
ǰŮӵķжأھŮӵķղܵ١һֱԼº͵źܶ£һֱ⣬ڲ֪
̧ۿºǶ
ںſȥʲôû
ǰһס˸ĵ䡣
΢ȥһЩȴ˵ͼĻˡ
ɷ費顣
ϲ飬һˣǲزסġ
鲻Ҳһġ
ôݣݵһƾͿԽǾʣôʮ꣬ϣܹ˶һЩıٶ࣬׷ٶ࣬һЩͺá
֪ˡ费ŵ԰Ŀ˵һʧˡ
˸ĵĶͷ˿ŸĹ񣺡飬ֹżֹסϣС½⡣
ſǰˣľУһɵԼĶͷ

̧ͷ´ŸȻЦҪ̫顣һߣܳ÷Ѿˣûĳûáʲôʲô󾩳УҸһھ
ľԼ໵ˡ
̫ˡ
ߣѣ  
ĵҲȾ뿵 
һҪƹ
տʼֻĵŷʱǹ꣬ڣѽû뵽ôĵ˫غ壬ʱ˸Ρ
ţƻţơơ

 77 

Ʒϲܽһھ
ûдһֽ, ȴֺԼĬ
֪õ
ةλ, پһƷ
ھںһ򱶣ֻҪͷ, ͻΪĽŮӡ, ͵ͷӦˡ
ʮ꣬ߵһ֮֮ϡԷ˶, Ȩ죬ʹһҲνԸĶ, ȴƫƽϲ, ʹмƽӹҲԡ
֮۵Ȼͬǡ
ǸĺŲˡ
衣˷֡
öͷϵͬļϣһʱеֲξʵǰ˴ǵа˳ȥ룺, ˵ö, ȥѾûа취ıˣԺ, ڶȥ취
Ӧһ, ĻӦʲô
뵽һ, һ, һɡ, һˣ죬ܻһòãϲ, 죬ϲһúá
Ÿı䲻˺ǰƷֻת顣ľǸţı䲻κһλľȸı飬ȥúġ
ҲãҲãЩȥĶ
עŷ죬˾ϡȻߣȴˣԱŮҲḡô
裺
ûУǡ
룬ûе㲻̫ԡûоϢըʱڵķ裬ѧЩ߰׷˷ʽѵó
óˡ
е㲻˵ˣϾ˵ȫ֪ӵ־÷ԺôҡĽŮӿ϶ܶࡣҪǶÿŮӶḡԼͷǾܷˡ
νͣˣпȥѰĹ
첻ǿд£ûʶŮġ
Իɣ˿һ㣺Ǿ͵˵ġҴ̫磬Ҫطȥˡú׼ԣɱܡ
Լǳ÷ǣ棺ҲţҲš
ʧЦ̬Ӧţǰٳš
ĵõӦﳷһȥˣҲȥɡ
СһΣſںЩźһ
æװһ׷߶߶˵Ҫʲô飬ɿɢ
⿴軹վǶЦЦ
˻֣賯Ҳ˻֡
ŹϣȻٿ
Ļصѻ˲غá
˵죬ƭ˵Ĺ
˵Ļĸ
ĸҲ˵졣
ֹ˵ǧȥĹ۵㣬ͼԼϴԡº˺ܶ࣬ûӳˡĲģˡ
Ժ˵˵ȥԼСӡ
ʼҲҲ御ӣǣԽԽá
Щӵĸ˼ϲ֪ٵһˣţͷܹ鲻̹ƺ˶ƫûʹ˼
ĽһһԶĽһһšһ˵šԺɻҸϲľͺá㡱ʵأҲԶ˼
ǡѡеӶѡ
ѽˡ˵ţҲԼ˵ˣͷûôˡ
˼ȴĿȷˣ̹
ſ̽ͷ̽ԣԼСֹתתȥģСţС㣬ҩҪˣҪȥţȻ¹ǶҪ˵ˡ
ĽŲ΢٣̾ͷߣɰɣ죬Ҿҿˡ
컹ûȥܻȣСҪٵ£ͷûˡ齫Źϣ渵Ľ΢
תرˡݱ»ˣ鬻лŷֹ
ݱº鬻֮󣬴ʽȥˣʮķŷҲ͵Ϊֹ
Ļϲϲӭ˵ԵϢ
֮ǰҪԡ
νĸԣǶμһԣȷһϻشǵǲ˲ġƾǴ󿼣ÿعɭϣסȷʵС˻ᶯۡ
飬ټҵȻܷ־ʹÿƾƽ
Ժ͵Զڱ͵
Ժ񲿺ΪףúõĶһһ׵ٳϲҲ⣬غԺƾ֮ӭ䶯̶Ҫ˵ãֱܽ񲿣Ҫ˵һ㣬ҲǺѧʿ
ٳϵ飬ͻδʽְķϢϢء
ȴƻȻ⣬ʲôʲôֵúܡ
ֺ󣬼йԱӦѧ߶ڷϡͷ뷨ͬС죺쿴ǻԪһʮꡣҲֵ˼ֱҫ
ڷüһ죬˸˼졣
еľתԶͷҪôһ㣬ڲͬ
е˽һЩҵģɺеɺϡ
еľ˾඼Ҫڣλθ߱
ȻҲп۷ġ
ˣдˡϧѧ˵š
һͬӦ濵ѧӣע⵽ԱüͷĹԱѧ±̽ţɼΣɼΡ
ûǸѧӡ
ѧӱϵһ䣺ľԡ
ľ˺һתͷѰԼλ¡
һܼ򵥣ܿ콻ɼյԲ̫ҹҾ͵Ӧԡһ˷ְַŲȫдĴ
֣֡
һȺ˳͵ʱ˾̾д־ҲԴ±һͣͶûСʮô
ľ⻰Цһָõľֹ֡ƭƭӹ˰ˡ
һ仰ȫ˽ȥ
ܹնԵģûһӹˡ
濵ȥǸʲô˵ģæľǶ񣺡Ӵû뵽һˡ
⻰˼̫أƫϼѣò˶Ц
ľڣ˦뿪һ仰ּҪǲͬظԿɹˣ
濵ջ񣬳ſķü⹫ӣװ
Ц濵ֵлҶסղλϵԣҪּͬһһĺˡ
һһô鳩졣
вѧӳŷ蹰֣ͣף⹫ӵ˳
ЦӯӯӦһƬˣ濵һ뿪׼ͷϷ
¶ʮһ
͵ڡ
΢ѧ½뱣͵
Կʼ


 78 

ֵֺȷʵͬ
ڿƾٿ, ʱ, һǸּб仯Ͼ͢Ҫ, ˻ּ, ȷ˱ʷ֮ϸ⣬ȻǺ׾÷˸ԡ
˽һ, ȻὫϻǸľĻϡ
ڵԿϣѧӶЩš
ȵ, ɢ, һڳ򣬽һиԵׯúܡ󷢾
ֻһ
ۡ
һѡ͢ĳԱĿˣȻҪԳС¶ָ, ӦԲ, дӰµ¡
̫ƽʱ򣬲۶һѧӱǰͷΡ²̫ƽʱ, ۶ʵµҪ, תͷдúõ, ܿͻᱻŵ糯顣
յʱ, ׼
һɨȥ, ܹĵ⡣
ÿĿгж̵ֽ̣֡ܽһ˵»ȱ˲, ڶ˵¾Ĳ㣬˵ǮԤ⡣
һ⣬Ƕ
ǰ˵ûʲô⣬ĿǳͳףǣһȫĴ⣬֮ɣֻҪһУ൱д
һʵǣʹ°̫ƽ
˵ѲѣƨС˵򵥲򵥣Ϊ̫ƽҪעĵԶֹһ㡣
д֣һʮɣ緢
η˵һЩϬĻϾʵϲ»ܻʮ꣬ǳ徢ʮʱ˵ԽϬԽֵϲ
ͬʱҪ⼸ٵ뷨籣һЩ飬ǳǮĻ飬ȵȡ
ÿǧֳϣдһʱٶȶһ١ô꣬ܶ顣±ؽͷʱŸʶһЩô׵
費֪ô˸ġ
Ҫôأ
пգһ·ʰҹջ¡
赱ȻԸĵ뷨⣬ȴܵӰ죬д˿ͷԵߣ߹档ʢл˥Ӱ˼ΣԲӦ䡣
д´һǳɡǺܿ϶дԼôĹ۵㣬Щ۵ʵչֵϡΪʵʵһͨİԵһС
ˣµĸ
ȻƨҲû©£ʵǰĺþߡ
ձʣͣ
½뿪
ľպŰ
뿪ʱתͷۻʹǵЩʮ㽻ʱʮ˵⣬ʹһͷˣῴˣ档
ʱشʮ˵ǣǿü⣬ֲ⿴⡣´δʹһͲһ½
ǻˣôĻ
ǳԶ˷֪²׹
Цһ˳Ŵ뿪

ľա
ľһһ˳۵ĴȦȥǡһһͲ棬Դ˴˳۶𽥼١Ȧʮݿ͵ʵǰʵԵǰ
괺ѣߵһģԹ֮¶˽⣬ÿһⶼܽǿſţ׷׵ͷò뷨ǰһ
ϧ࣬ȱ١
һõһݾӣ湤֣һ˵ͷֺÿ
һӡˣʼݡ
֪һһһ󲿷˶ԹӼΪ㣬ûʲô⡣˾Ȼ˵ùӼһԺרʦѧȥ½ѧɨä
ǺεȻ
ϸȥϸд÷ǳã˵һɨä洦ϰն˺ܶũ֪ʶȥ취ѧĶȥԼ
¾˾ãҲǲ԰֪ʶıˣֹǿƾһ·ͦеġϰѧֽʣеϽĵģȻŻѧϰʹڻ
ٱ˵ˣȦеԥǿ˵ڶ⡣
ڶˣ˵ӾԽתũ˵ĵطǴáԻеǮԺȢţ˻أĻҲһġ
øǮˬǾ顣ҲкܶΪΪȥˡ
Ǯأͳٷ䣬ǮͶ뽨ĶͨЩĶ׬Ǯȡ֮֮ȡ֮֮񣬷Ϣɻˮ
ȻҲҪֱƽʱµġ
ţλѧ˵˵㻧ĸ飬·ˡ
ĥһ¸ֹ۵㣬е
⿴پ˹棬ȷʵ뷨ԥûҸȦ¿
⣬ǮӵԤ㡣
һ⣬ѧûôдˣϸ˵ڶ㵽ΪֹһЩǮ뷨ôþ䶼ǳ򵥣鵽ֻҪʶ֣˾ܿ
ѧӻݵһ£ŪһĻʵʵ˾ã˷У˷ĿУǮһ׬ķӡһֱ˵䣬ٴԤ˵㣬ٴӾһԤ㡣
˼
̲סˣǰʼȦȦ˲Ȧٻͷһ⡣
С
ǻ˵꣬ʲôһӰȫˡѧ˵úܼ򵥣һˣ˶Ӱ졣һ˹ã˵һطеС⡣һط⣬˵һȱݡ
֮ȻҪùҪüңҵҪȷϡ
˼Ե㣬ԼӰ˼ΣԤơһطܻᷢĳ飬ȻһõĽ£Ͱ˼·ߣȫȻģ£ҲԴҵһ
ٿĴһȦһѿһ١
¶Է̫죬˵һе˼֡
һвмǣǸߺŵģǡ
ȿĵ⣬λٴһȦȻһŴȥһģһһְ
λĪһۣ룺ɶ⣬⿼¸
ӣǰٵ뷨ôô룬ôдһװ
༸̧ͷ棺ʲôӰ
һȺ˴յһоһݾӡ
Ӵ뷨
һôдһ٣롣
Ҫһ⣬ҾǰȦ߾Ǹǡ
ݾҾҪ¿СʹøʮɡҲֵˡ
̫ˣҾò̫ɡ
ֲɣ첻ɣóһдúõİǽ㣬ʲôǧѵһ֪֪
˵˵ųˡ
ݾɳɹɱǰʮ͵˻ʵǰ
ʵ۽رá
ɣУС顣ӣ˸вϲ˵Ǳ߽ûĳӣûʲô顣
ȻʺԸԼСһ뼦
}ð
ǳ÷˿û˸
һݣʲô⡣
ڶݣɡ
ݣаɡ
ķݣ޿òƨ
ݣⲻǰʱ˭˵ôҪôѧҪôӣû˼
ݣɡ߰˾ţǿ
һݾӣһͷʵ٣۾һֶ࿴˼֡
е˼


 79 

˽˺׿Էֱľӡ
, ۹ⳤԶ, һ뷨ŵ󶼿áľ֮һ˵Ǹ, ǧôһ
ͯÿطܳһ, ĿÿؿƾٶСزˣ̫ˡ
, ǹ۵̫£ÿһ뷨ʵʩ, ǣһȫ, 漰̫˵档֮˻ѽܣ֮˸Ӳ⡣
Ψ͢ĳ̶ֳȽϳһòС
Ҫó͢Ϊһãɲһ׵顣̫ܵĽһֱ϶ĿȫȻͬġ
ʳϱ, ˾ϲáǰհ㹻, Ƿ䵽ʵһ¡
ʵɨ, ָ˵, ߵĴ̫˵һǳдһ˵Ҫ, ʶ֡
Ա̫ͷһ, ϸϸͷŻ, īҪȻʶ䣬ƣҵСʶź¡ʶ, Ǯѽ
ʵ۵ͷǡ
̫๪Żʵ۵˼̽˵һҶȥʶˣ˭أҪԷǣ
ǰںͷ˵˻飬˵Ǯ顣
ĵֱ
ĵⲢһڴ⡣
ʵٶȵͷԣҪԷ
̫ʵûʲô̫ģֻ˸ڷ磺뵽Щ볣˲ͬʥ²ڱ£Ȼһʳǣʶ֡
ʵƳһֱԼ̫࣬Цһ
Ц̫̫࣬౳һ亹̫಻ڿ̬ӹ
ʵÿؿƾ;ǽ״Ԫۺ̽ݾӷ棬ȻԱԸʵ۶ӣֻǰݡȻʵ
ʵˣΪôҲڻʵ֮ϣԹԱǷɿ˷ͽþţûʵԼ̫
ʵ۴ӺѡͻֿƾȫȻԼеĻ䡣
ССƻֹأʵ۾;úܸˡ
Ȼ˫ﶼǾ֮ġĬ
ҿھϻôȦǺϲݡٴӾһ£Ǻţǰ״ԪݻУֲۡ̽
̫๧ȡ˾ӣ˫оӣСˣ˳Ӻ͵ͷŵĹԱС
ӺܿӻʵػľǶ
ڲӵǼ˵ĿԳɼҲνĻʰ
˿ǰţ׵һ׵һҲš
Űա
⣬˶൱Ľ
صص㣬лǵǰвٽš
Ҫ˳츮ĲлԵ빬Ȼִᷢ˿վڻʵߵĽͷӣдָͷĽ
һۣ崺鵭ĮֱͦվǶ
ʵڱϡأΪ춯нӡ
һ£һ¡
ٹʹùٸڽǵ׼ͬųɼҪһƾûʲôõ飬鲻
Īɽʵ۽ԼԵĽ
Īɽ΢Ƿڡ
ʵۿͷ̫ͦˣʲôζ
ĪɽȻظ²֪
ʵϸһۣʮڣֽÿһնС˵ʲôӣ
ʵû˵˭Īɽȴˡ
ǮȨԳ׸ıһˣ·ͨһҹ
²֪ĪɽĻˡһѵԼ˼
ʵۺЦһһ档
һ滹׵ġ
ʱԱһ£һ׵ľӣʰб˾ڻʰϸ˺ɫӡ֤ŻʰԱʰ񽻵˺Ժ̶С
̶Żʰ񣬹ǵ
ʵ۵ĽӴӻǵǰǵ죬ڳš
ٹϳһվͷеĹ׼ϲ¡
̶ʰʵۿٴӽǵ͵⡣
ִ¹Աڵ˻ʰ񣬸ţ¶ʮһգ¹һ״ͽʿڣڶ״ͽʿ״ͬʿ
׵һֻԱ¶֡
׵һ
ܹ֣ղ״Ԫɡ
״Ԫ裡
һ֣нʿȫ
ȺеķƺһûܵӰ죬ؾأһǰʧǶûСİݡ
׳С
˳츮ԱǰϽɴñԼһۣרŸ״Ԫɳɡ
ԸԼɡ˳츮˶٣񡣱ֻͨԱ״Ԫɡ״Ԫɻؼҡû뵽һСΣȻλԳɡ
Ƴ費ķ裬ǳ壬΢ס
ΪǸɱ¿״Ԫʵ顣
ʰҪͳȥԱջʰǰ¿״Ԫ½ʿȫƺڸڵף
濵ȸԾòУȴڼûһѹԼܵ顣˼ұȴ˵̫ѧˡ
һȺ˾ʹ˺ߣһֱߵŰ񴦡
˿Űбǲ˻ˣͷȫͷȺ˿Ȼ֣ĺԼкûǺźҺš
Ƿ״Ԫɶͷһʱˡ
ʮ״Ԫɣ
裡
ʮ״Ԫɣ
кӿ
쿪ˣͿӹأԱУһ䣬졣
˳츮һԱǣ
һ
ٳɡˡ
赥
ߵ̽ϲԽϴ糺졣ûסֵıУڳΨһһûκοܵķ裺ô
⻰ؿһϮĻ䣬̽Ц˰
һЦɫ
ʿͷһİٶȼ
̫ˡ̽ɾԼ֧סûе·˦ѾǺŬˣɷȴһ㿺ܾûС
ϣȺɨһۣǻȼΪڽš
̽һЦý⻰һЦ״ԪΪ̫ˣſ°
ǰʿ˫һУ߶
̫ˣľҲΧ
˵ͷɴñ֮գ·߿šۿһǷ
ͷɿ续ҫŭνüһ죬ʤ¾ɫ
һεĻô˼ǰ޹˺ߵ״ԪɣӰϾǽֵ·ӭ־ʻ档
ЦŵģȴҲһ˱ӣڴš˫ɨȺͼҵǺԼԼõŮӡ
Լ
ߣ

 80 

ǽֵ˱նࡣ
˶ϲ, ŴҲΪҹСұȫ, 뿴ǸеЩöɡ
˵˭֪ܲли裿һ, ǿζҪЦϲ¡
ǰһΰ׽̫, ǵõʱ״ԪԴ˺졣ڷŰգȫǵĽʿȫǽ䱸ŵ, Ӿǻһֱؼңְָȫ
, һȺСǻţһء
ھ¥¥, ͷ·¥µܸߣǽвһַȥһ顣
״ԪҪν֣ӽǵһֱԼң·߿൱, Ҳ졣ϾҪѧһεĸ߹ʱ, ΢һҲ֮еġ
Խʽʮ㣬ѧǶԾ, , ԼİվԽҳϡ
ʶԼѧĶֵõ, Ǳڴġ
ľ㲻ѧ, ܲƾ, ɡ
Լĺܸˣܹ֤ʮţΪ״Ԫɡһּ֤ʷĸое顣
ڱϸԼС㵹裺үڹͷ⹫״Ԫ, »Ҫһʱ䡣С㣬ҪҪҲ
ԼϻػпڷǶأˣ˹ֶ˵ġ
ԴŴܷ̽̽һѽ
ĿüЦС̷̿
ȷʵûܷ֡
ˣˡ
СãĶ˸㣬ǳ쳯ŸգۣС㣬Ĳ㡣λûö硣ôν·ϵģȫûҡ˭뵽Ƿ⹫ӻ״Ԫ
ĳСЦЦ
ϻҲҳԵ÷û뵽һרд󴰿Сġ
ٽֵżȫ⡣ҪǰԼˣôһ۹λá
СҲŸģ̫æˣ̫ˣҼȥæˣС¾ܽҡ
ĵͷ
Źϣżֻʣ¸ĺ顣
ĽҲñȽޡϲɫȫ֯ϣΪļƣĵջ÷СﵱȻ˴ԼĻ
ȹΪУΪٺ죬ָϲ졣ٺǺ컨˵ɫȾϵģʯв죬ֿۡ
Ĳ֪·ܲע⵽ôˣҪǻǿҲΪֻһμʱ˵һԼֳΧۡ
ҧ˿ڣֹסҪһЩͼͷû˹
ʱһȥϺȻ
ıںȲ裬æ豭£ܵ̽ͷԼ۾ô
鶼ûüӦԼСô̬Ӱ죬æܵȥ֪ѽ
ܿп·Ľʿ֣Ϊǣͷ½ʿҪˡ
һʿ󲿷ûͳìסİաС˵ģǰͷ·ǳ
¥ʵе⡣Щ̫΢̽ӣǾİӶ̽ȥˡİûԼжΣգǶѰˡ
״Ԫȷʵǳۡ
һϮ£ͷɴһǣһְײͷϻһɡ
Ƿ費ʥگʵòˣЦ̽
˷ܵ̽һ֣СǷ׷״кһɵӡϵĹǼ״൱ɵӣкŶ
ҿţϺЦЦеܡ
Ҳ֪Լôķܾģ;÷еӡ
ѵǱεʱʲô
Ϣûôͨ͸Ҳû棬еŵز²š
ѵˣ
Ͼһͽһһ飬ջҪ̱Χ۲ܻؼҡǸߵˣĸߵϣһЩͽϡ
Ʒᣬȥʫ
ľԼѰ࣬ŷ
һڶ˫ܽԷȫȫӡԼС
ȻŸЦ绨ţǵȦû뵽ЩŮӵĽкܿ챻ǵĻû
ƹݲ¥ŮӶ࣬ɶеġ˻ɤȫȻŮᡣ
ʮ״Ԫɰº
ĴǾãûʲôǲܵġ
Щˡھʣǰķ衣
ɣ
ɴôһ·ķ磬ȴһ鶼ûС𪣬ü졣ѹů̫á
ţЩӿӰˣĸܰɡ
գļϡ
ĳŷҲ¶һЦ
ЦееɬʵΪˣҫֳ˻Σһһ裡
ԼϱӰ׹ˡ
տʼҲˣʧġɵˣŵһ֪ԭ״Ԫνĸˡԭνʱ˵Լ䡣
ûҪù
û㽻Ĺ
ֳȻƫתͷ·߾¥¥ǰȥ
ټҵΪν֣ѡõȻǸߴƥ迡ɣ߱Ͳ͡¥ʱֻȶ¥ĸİ˰
Ÿ֡
Ȧ˺Ȼ
ãȻ裬̽Եӳ̽ȥ
賯ŸЦ£ȴ˸ĵ֣¥һЩ̫һ§ס˸һΪΣյĶֽ˴Ӷ¥ٽ˰ٺԼϡ
ĵɴۣжת۾䵽ϣ˫ֽץŷ·ͷԿհףȫȻûʶԼղűקͻȻЬӻһֻڶ¥¥ϡ
ͷҲŻˣûܾԼС㲻˵ľ㶱һ䣺СЬ
ֲ㣬ǿסˣٶͷЬӸҡ
̫Ȼ鿴˿Ьӣ˿ɵ˵ԼС㣬СЬӸ˹ȥ
赥Ь΢渵ĴЬӣֱػضС
ӣ廨Ь
״ԪɣŮ
һĿʽУֱںʹȤ˷ԭнеĽʿ佫ǶˡΨлŻֵĳ˿ǰ

ĻãȻϣ΢̧ͷ衣ǿ̫ܲ
У˵һ䣺ʮأꡣ
˵ԼʮûǸ꣬ϸ㣬˵ԼϱӺĶʮе˷ѣһλᡣ
Ҳ֪ô⻰㶳񣬱ͷᡣ
֪ܲס
ȥ飬ཻҾǡ軰дֿסŮǰС
סĸģԴò˷ǰ
֪ôֹסͿʼ״ʪ״ԪɵĴۡ
ӸûԼôǿ붫һͷһ뷨𾪣ί벻װˣҵҪ
Լһˣͬ޸֮Ƽ
ʲô˵ʲôܽ
ʱȴֳʱˡìܵԼ֪Լô¡
ôһƼסˡ
ڸˣڡ


 81 

񱾾͸Ƕɱɫ
ֵ־, ӻĶˡХЦԶԭȿȵĻϲ, Ľʿǻ࿴ϺЦ, ͵͵Űԡ
ʿе濵Ϊġ֪ʿ, ȻǾ͡మ˵˳ȥ
һ·󲿷˶濵ҥԡ
ʲô˴ҹ, ƽСһ, ġҽ, ҽͷ¥һʱ㣬ǡ
ʱصĲŲԡ
һȺʿ, ͷĽġôԸʱûôһԼĹ, 뵽Լкŵӣ̲סЦ
Ǻ, ôҲ벻ǻĶԷ̬, ȫڡԶ㡱״̬
˰, Ӳ㶨ɡ
ĺðָ, ߵ˶ˡ
ëǶ׺С, ״ԪؿһƬʪ󣬾Լֱ˼¡֮󣬾˭֪ܲôһȫµĻʼī֮Ĺ´дд
ڷ軳, ̡
룬ΪϣһȣһߣԴֱײ̽󣬸ҷԴɴڷؿڡ
ϸ΢ܵú
Цһ
״̬ЦȻˡĸԼп΢𶯣һ
ƾһȫ˾ƨͿɫһ״Ԫİۺ̽üŪۣȴһֱûڵЦЦˣ͹·ȫû˼Ҵġ
νյĿĵǷңڶղŻ״ԪٴһȺʿʥϹٷ
ʱڼҴţ͵ӭԼЯʥگĶӡ
һվڼſڵķ⸸ôû뵽ӭˣͬһʱӭĻһŮӡ
ϸĿɿڴǰĳԼһ
Ϊ״Ԫôţӻ벻ˣ
ŵķ״Ԫʾ⸵̫ˣֻûˣ˳˭ӭ˽˷軳
ΧȺںͽʿһϷʻЦ
Ļæƿվãͨ죬װ·
·ǰͷѾˣ㿴ղŸĿ޹ĺۼ˵棬ûٱֵ̫ǣŸЦ£ŹԱߡ
⸸ΡΡӭ˽ţ˳츮ԱǶ佱һͨ϶źͷһ޵ЦݣαϾӡ
ͷһΧ۵˺ͽʿǷ׷׷̸͵һ¸Խɢ
ȹԱ˵Ļ˵ˣ˰ѱҲˣŴŽʿж뿪ʿǳȺӵģûؼһؼңؼҵĽԼȥȾơ
⸸׼õĸǣ˲ΧȺڣ˸ǰ
ĵһؼ⸸ǣԹԹ֣л
⸸ЦǺӦ£Ȼ˸۵һԵķ衣
ûѷ⸸۵ϣȻһǣߵݹȥǣҵԼġ㳢
ϰռͷ滹еģǣͦݳ޵һ¡Ҳӣ⸸רһǣҶһ
ܷǣ˵Լˣһͱһǡ
ɵ裺ιҡ
ͷš
ϰߣӦûġ
⸸ȥûס˸ߣãȥúõһǹߣĵ廰
ô͸˴ţҲסЩʿС顣
濵չԼ״ԪȾȥôȶ࣬ڡҼҵ꣬͸ղŸСڵľ¥˳㽫С㻹ȥأȻѾͷǶš
ͷһ
Ƕˣ
ĳҪ˵ģ֮⣬ʣµЩҲ֪Ǹ˻ԭغšǰͷһƬհףһ·ͷȫЩˡ
濵ôһ˵һȺʿһЦ״Ԫɣڰ״Ԫɣ
Ȳɰ
ţ
Σܺȶࡣ컹Ҫʥ
һȺӦ¡
ĺͷתͷΧˡһ¡νߵò죬иȻһֻ˴ڣȫһСѾͷ
迴еãȻ޴ţƿȺΧȦһ£øСһѾͷˣӦöи
ȺĽʿһæɢˣŴСҵڲڰûУ
ΧȺ䶼
С㣿λǸĴС㣿
ۣһֱ˵ಡڿǰ
ΨһС㣡״Ԫɣ۹Ҳĺá
ÿÿ
Ķ⣬ȻŹٻ͵طԼֿ
˵ģǶŲ˵㣬ԼҪɾǷֱ׺״Ԫɱϡ
豻ĶٴζЦ
ҪҪȥ
æҡͷ˲ˣˣͷ˵塣
ŵЦʣʲô˵壿ϲ£Ȣ£
⻰ĽʿЦԼˮҭסգ۸ӻСġ˵塣Ƕ֤ˣȫǵ˶֤
һϷ̣һͷۡ
νһʱģϸȫ顣
Сһ䣺ҵڻ֪ʲôءҪ֪ôҡܡܱȷʵҪһģҲġ
ʿǿ衣
Ŷԣûס
ýû룬Ƹûڣȫµ˶֪йϵˡ
̼
ʿǺȻĽˣ׷ͬ鿴衣
״Ԫװ
СǼ飬Ψһһŵġ
·
νһʱˬȢ޻᳡
Գ˼룬ؾɣ鲻ϲĸߵͷеȫ׵
Ըͬ裬ȴ̲סЦýȥܻ֡
С㣡С㣡
ͷ΢ңȺＷȥ齹
æ򿴹ȥܱ˿Ƕ顣
ܿ˰æŽӡ
ò״Ÿӣŭɷ裺⹫̫ˣʱǶΣհҶɵ˲ŵЬ
躬Ц֣Ǹ
ŭ裬תͷԼС㣬֪ԼСһǳʹϢС㣬үؼ·Ѿ֪ˡ˹ؼҡ
ģõģڷ군ǰһ군
һһ𣿡
Ƴ۷״ԪҲ˵ˣ׼״Ԫɡ
ȦһȺ˺Ц
濵Ц״ԪǴˡʥԸСȻȥɣɱü˵ȼˡ
ĳ濵ͷԷºЦЦȻȥˡ
費ߣҲֻ֪·һ
ۺЦ


 82 

ڻؼҵϡ
еûа취˼⡣
ʶ, Ҳڷ, ûôǰ, ܿһ
ڱ߶߶߶˵Ӿ¥ܹļѹ̡нʿ··, ֲܳ嵽ȥҲߵϰܵǰͷ
ò׵Ŀĵ, ֱƴȺＷȥ
ҪǱ˿С԰æ, ƾ, ȫ˸ǰ
ЩջЦºͣЦȫ֡òҵúЦ˼
ڱϿ飺С㣡
æӦҲЦҲЦˡ
ԼСҲû췴, ֻ˵ţȥүô˵ʱ϶ֽ㡣
, һ죬ԸĶѾʹˡ
Ҳ, Ҫڸϵȷ
鲻֪ԼСƤ𽥱, ĳЩ˵֧𽥱СѾͷŷ״Ԫ, ˵˼ҵĲŵ
ȫǻ˵費ŵ, ֹһˡ
ͣڸſ, һͿ˸ǰվŵĹ
ŸĺɫһЩתͷһ飺ô£ĺú¥ϺȲ, ôͱһקϣ¥ȥΣôôţ
ͷϴҵĴ̫ΣաȴֻźСһ𿴴ν֡
￴͸ĻĹ£㴦һ¡
Ŀùҡûעⰲȫһʱͬסңס衣
ƹܼ¶꣬Ǹһ仰Ȱġ
۸ģתӣȥ鷿үڵ㡣
ĳùߣæŤͷһ˫ֺʮĶ˻֣ٸϽϹĽŲ
ڰ̽ţͼȥ
ͷȷʵǷǡ
޹ϣ²Ҫô
¿Լ߿յԼС飺üԸɡȥ췣
еˣǡ
źС㣬˶ŪˣȷʵǸ÷ġ

ĵ·壬ϾС죬϶ǻеӵġ
ͷŹĽŲߣһ͸һһֱߵ˸鷿ǰ
ϲ£ЩԻ·źʵŲȣҲ
ڴĵţԼȷʵһ㲻áΪ΢Сһ㲻ãó̫ġ
ͣ˽Ų
鷿Ŵţûڿ飬ҲûûţվǶǽϹŵĻ
軨ôãûܵӰ죬·˳лġ
ｫĴţŽתƵϡ
˸Ӻ˳ȥ
վǶͷ
΢üŴ˵ͷ˵˵״Ԫôģ֮ͥ½
ڴ飬ڳɾḡһЩ
ʹǵǳĸ飬ͷûš
е顣
Ҳ֪ôġ˸ûô룬ʱֻѸ£ԼǰŮҪһŮӡ
ˣҲֻܻش𣺡ʱһƵġҲȥ̫ˣƿźΣաͽҴ
ȫŤʵĺ˵Լһ˶䡣
鱻ĶЦˣôã
ĸ飺ҲʱϳңȻȷʵϲң͡˳˸֡
ɺ档
鿴̫ˡΣֻҪɿڣÿҪﲻſ춼
ܿ϶˵ȷʵϲ㡣
ϲǲزסģ񡢾ֹ̬һ¶
ŸģϤһ㡣˵żЦһ񡣡
⸵ǲ֪ġ÷Լɫôأ
裬Ǹĺǿˡƾżļ棬Ϳ˵ӣײͬǸִܹıˣȴΪԲΪܶͷҲΪﵽĿĶֶΡ
ۣƾʷϷһ
ʷϵķʵķһȴҲһ
͸ͣȴһʱ䲻֪￪ʼ͡
һ
Ƴ۹һ㣬ſǶʱ䣬һѧϰһּ߳ңɹǶΪ˵ѧ
˵
ְߣλܸߡ
ôһˣӼʮһκһȫѧӣҪƤӵ¹µӡô֮ûΪѧʸģΪʲôշ裿
Ĳ֪
ɻţ̫ˣ
ҡͷΪʺΪ١
ĲףΪʲôʺΪ٣
鿴ŸģȫѧӣΪΪߣࡣвߣҲࡣΪԲΪƽԼ뷨ϵͷĲߣ١۹ⳤԶΪʣȴҵߣǧ꺱
ûסʲôеߣ
ûףӡ
ʲôеͷȱҩʱΪҩȥ¹򡣿ƾٿ֮ǰԣҪſɲμӡ¹֮˾һˡ̶֮ȸߵˡТ˳֮ĸ˿ɼ
Ƕ
Щϸڣû˵Ϊܹһʱ̡
տʼӽһ
һȻأ
Ǹˡ˵ΪĲǷ鲻ǷģȴҲзӰڡûв´¬ҵҲֱڡ
ּ֪ͬ£ȴƾԼ֪ͱֱܵӴ˷衣
ЦЦտʼȷʵ벻
ĿŸ飺ʺΪô
鿴ŸģΪΪ²ɹıģʺΪ֮ˡΪѧԭ򡣶Ϊ״Ԫӡ֤һ㡣
ľ⻰е
Ϊ˷ϲΪ࣬ϲΪࣿʸģô
ĵȻ벻׵ġ
Լܿһ벻ס
ڱץӣŸģ뷨֪ǲĵԸ˵ˣϲ衣
͸˵ţһǮˣҪô֪˵ϲϲǮأûǮʱ򡣡
⻰Ц
ºЦЦǮһ֣иͺһӮˣҶģˣһˡ
üʲôģ
ĵͷͬĻȷʵ˵ֲĻóþãҿԶϲԡֻ˵ˣӿʼûڣû˭˭߹󡣡
ڲȥôණѽ
ֻǾԼȥ⣬볹׵һ㣬û˵ȴµͷ
ᵽݷãʱ˵ˡԼõļ棬Ǻ͵˵һɻкܶطǲһġöദܼõ
ظĵĻദ
ϸ׻ζһ¸ĵĻ첲ôˣ
ģ
⣬ƺİݷ˵Ѷȡ
ߣ˯ͷˡͷͺ

 83 

չ, ǾڻǾ, ״Ԫʮھ¡Ȼԭϵǣ״ԪƾŴİŮһν, ̶һʱǡ
˽԰ԡ
ڸСݱ¶, û˲渵ʲôķӦ겻߶Щ, Сȥݷøˡ
Ȼаݷúܰݷõ¡
ݳȤܵ, ЩСˡ긵жɵʱ, ҲûȺС˵Ҫһ֡
ɭһЩĵڶڸ߶ʱֲİֵڸϱ߽ǽ䡣ŲΪأȻ, ȫѧ
ǰŸպ͸, Ź︴ӵʩʩȻ뿪ϾһҹΡ
ΪԷкø, ʹ˵ʲôΪ˷ߡϸ, ʵϲԷô, ƺ
鷿ڵ, ̽ͷԼ鷿ͷֵص, ָָʾ齫Ŵϡ
齫ŴϣػصֱߣС㣬ǰܳţƹǶ˵ѰһֽĹ, ûȥڸϳͷֶںҪôţ
⻰̱ϣԴ᣺أ
鱻ҭһ£˵˷״ԪϢ⹫ӽһҪŽʿȥʥտʼ⹫ӾǺԺ׫ԺҪ֮Ϊ˻߷⺲ˡ
һֱӸְ⿼ԣĵٵľͶȥﵱ٣ȻҲѡһЩ뺲Ժʿ
ͷһʱȻˡ
Լ˽
ľҪˡ
Դأ
ߵߣҪõĹ߶˳ŵȥˣ˵θڡ
գգۡ
ЦҲȥϵĲˡ
͹ˣһݷáϴϻһԷ¡ͷ޲ýһ٣Ҳһӡ
ĸЦ˵ǵ춹ģһ뵽ͷôһʱ仹˵ڡ
Ҳ㶹ġ
ŰݷõѶȶȻ˺ü㣬ĪԷ輫Ϊģˣһ顣ϢôãӶںˣȴĶûС
֧ӣҶһЩͷҲŵȥһЩͼֽЩ컭˲٣ϣǹѧһЩ
ӦĴ֡
ЩһЩˣҲǸ취˭ܺǮȥأ
ֻϣʱι۵˲Ҫ̫࣬ѹ˻ݿɲá
ȡһľó״ϣӹľ˿ʼ̵ͼһȿãѡĶʱ
˵Żûеش𣬺ܿġ
ż̧ͷһʱ䣬ֻ磬ԼĶ
鷿ڰֻ¸ϸ졣
ڱϰ㶼ûпԼС˲õĶһֺ״̬ͬЩһ
ԼС˵ԼĲͨ⣬ܴӻܵԼСº͡ĸɻûб˻滭ѶȸߣƸҲʮǷȱһ㲻Ļ١
룬ԸСͷ⹫Ӳɣƺڳ˵ġ
Ĳ֪ԼѾͷһ߰æһ߻пպ˼롣
æˣͷ춼һЩžϡ
軹ûôľתͷ飬ˡ
ǰҲûעƾٴ͹¡СЩǰԼС㻹ŶҪϸźġСѾͷ󣺡С㣬ȥʣ
ĿԼֱһĻ룬ʰȲˡҺʰһȥ
ֹһ˹һķ̧Լ̵Ķ䡣
˵㣬Ż̶䡣濵ڱϼüŪۣ״Ԫһ˰ɡҪȾȥأȥС㣿
층Сֱӱ˴ȥˡ
Ҳ״Ԫɺ͸СԼһ
ֻһת۾ʣһϡϰɣеӹеҪһʱ䣬˵˫ǰС
ӹſڣóһ·ǲġ
ǺòſˣȷʵҲеˡ
迴˿죬濵ĻǮȥˣҲȥһڳԵģϣ鲻ҪҶ
еꡣ
Ա˶ʱֹЦ˭᲻ϲ轲أܽһЩ˵üΪȤԸ˼
濵ָԼҴһ̣ͷ˸֤ҽûȥȻơ
˵̾кޣס
һȺһЦ
濵ĺ⣬ͷһ·˵ȼˡ
濵ͷԸ
תͷŸȥ
濵ͷϵɣϢҲͨ·ôʱ䣬ʷ裺״ԪǰЩӶǶѧϰӼ༸˵ġ
ͷãŹ˵㶫˭뵽һûõ
濵ЦȣӴǸ̿ƾٵĶǽٽˡ۽Ķ˵ˣͬǸǣһߡ
ܶණǿƾһԿԾġ
Цһ˵ǡȾǰæ˴˺Ϣȥȥݷ˼ҡ
״Ԫɵг̷ǳÿһ춼аš
濵ͷͦõġ
䣬㵽˵ط
³л濵Ǳ
濵ЦŸ״Ԫ״ԪԵģ
迴뿪濵ٿſͻȻλֵȻе㲻̫ԡ
ôͻȻˣ
ϱֻгơ
ǰһߣ񣺡븵СԼݷã֪ɷͨһ£
һߵߵš
ԭ̽Դһۼķ裬æЦ״Ԫ˭
ʾС㡣
Цһ£С㱻ˡҪȼү
¶˿׵Цͷ·
˽Ŵ򿪣÷ţ״Ԫôһʲô׵ģ
ͷĥ͸ѵ׵ô
ҲԼţǾ룬һһأ컹ˡ˵층ƣԼͲһˣ
̾ġ
̫Ҫ۵ġ


 84 

˽
ЩӸıܴ
ǰԱȶ, Ȼ, ˴ɫϢͷϻصŰݷöԱȣԺ˲ֲ, 硣
ʮķͻȤ, øڻʱࡣԶֲõԺӣһʱչֳС
Ψ, Ľˡ
ƺ˸ĵ㣬ǿЦ֡
Ϊһ, ȴû뵽øĸͷ, ͬʱøų
˵û岽һڽϳɹǰ㣬ÿһΣܸܵԼϵߡ߶ΪӣΪ̽, ͷƤ, þ
ֱЩǼѪġ
ԭȽΪ, һ߶, ֱͦ˱, Լ񾭡ɹЦ, ֻЦݶϱڹٳϡɱеα
˻û, ˸ס
豻ǰ˹֣״ԪڴԵȣүܿͻ
Ӧһɨǰ
ǰ, ϴȣҲֲƷ֡
˺ܿ뿪ˣֻ·һˡǰſվǶ嵶ġӵʵ¾ɳ̶Լװ嵶ûһǰΡ
Ĵ˼ҶһЩ࣬ҪʱԶŻȫ
͸ϱӳ죬ڶࡣʱȻôһˣһҰֻͣ;ϲңԶһҪΪƴ
˭ة࣬ô˷ǳûбҪ
߳һˣĳϾôطǲôȥ⡣С͵С˲⣬ɱ˲գ۵ĸ
껳ɸЩǸŮţǰȫвġϾܵЩ˵ҲӡŮкԼܵĸġ
ʲôɱϱӸû
ϸ븵¶д̣ȷʵҪרһȺȫġ
һĥһ㣬ƺԼϱӲʲôҪĽɫûиҪ
λе񣬺ֽܿԼ˼˻
һѾͷ豭ڷߣ״Ԫò衣
賯΢ףæô
ѾͷӦǡ
ʣСʲôùô
ѾͷػСջ鷿δ÷
еѰ˼Ҷ˷÷Ⱥʿǻȥܸһȥܸͷϵ
˹䷹Ե׼ġ
ٵȵȡ賯ѾͷЦЦͷһС㣬Ѿǰˡ
Ѿͷæͷǡ
豭һڡĺò裬ǺھöӶ
Ѿͷ뿪ǰֻʣ·һˡ
ֻܵӭӵ״Ԫɣ˸ʣһˮԺȣд˶ûС
һյȥ
ûûгǰš
ղŵλѾͷٶǰˮ˵ǣүæС鷿طˣû˵ϻ
ͷǣͷ
ְ뱭ȥȫˮ
찵£Ѱ˼ҷöԺã´±Ҫ˯£׼˯ӭһ졣
ǰƢܺãõģ
ϱӵļ䷭ⱲӵļһһԱšÿһΪӰ죬Ⱳӵߵһȥ״
˸յõµ϶ȻȻáˬաฺ꣬ḡֳ
ȫû״ԴǸԼҪһ顣
ĵгԷ˵豻ǰѺһˡ
Ѿͷ΢״ԪȻһ㶼ֻ֪ͨС㡣
ĿЦã÷͸Ϊǳɡ
һһ֣ȥ۸顣
ô죿ֻװԼʲôûףȥȥԷ
Ĺؾش󣬳Է
˳·ǰߡ
ԷɫѰ£ǰȴûеٵơߵǰǶͼŷ赥Ų豭˫ۿУ˾
ɣŻʵ۸մµĹٷûаģȻغͼǰһģһƺϵҲô㣬ֵôС֡
߽ǰŷתͷ
ԭ۾״̬˵״̬ڹǻġ
ǳԵı仯
ĳŷЦһԷô
轫豭ŵһԣͷá
ĴŷԷȥ
·ĽŲᣬĲԾѧ·ķʽŲ൱ɡ
ôȻô·ʸġ
ѧŷ·شŷĻΪˣνֲȫ
΢˶
һͻС˿ΪֹѲߣ˵ûܺóס
ҪĵǸΪֹûץֱˡԸı£Ȼ˺ڲ飬ЧûС
ͣ½ŲǸҵʱǲܵ
ĸͣͷߵķ裬ЦҲνҲΣգνҲΣաڰУץһֱڵġ
ͷһġ
ŷ飬ô궼û鵽飬ڰûסѣ̫ѡҲһ㲻ԭǸˣ뵽ҧϧĺͷ
ӦţҲ顣
˻ţڶû˵ȴѱ
ࡪ
Ķӽˡ
ͽʥûԶٶΪװûôʳϺòܵ˼軹ûһӡ
һ٣΢ָϸˡ
ȻЦǰߣôܶŷ״Ԫ츮˶һЩԵģרΪ״Ԫ׼ġ
һ档
ϸģһ͸ġ
ĺ棺ô
裺һǸ˻
һ·踺ֻܲӣ̲סЦ
輴޳ֲ֧
һʱеεķЦҲûס̣ﻹҪԹһ£ʲôЦģ
ֻñЦţЦ
˲ϷദȻޱȣ·һԲһԲһһԲ
˳Էӣ̤š
͹λá
ϰڷһӹӣ˷ݵֱ꣬һ̳ơ
鿴裬λãû״ԪĿţ
ļôףͼ˵һ䣺նöӶˡ
ﵱʢһŵλϣȺ˵ģһΪ״Ԫɲֹһֻء
ϻؼ˷·׵úԼһؼ滰ﻰⶼ̻ζ
ø£ڸָλϰ£ֺֿڣܺúȡ
ǼӺܶϵģȷʵҲҪ壬ҪǲѪ
ǳţؿ϶Ѫ
顰šһ
轫Ӹ£飺ġ
⻰൱΢üŶ״Ԫʲô
賯ŸЦȢý˵


 85 

Ȼתͷ
仰ʧ, ֪Դﵽʲô
鱻Ц, ӡžһ¸ţ˫ƽзϣ״ԪȢ̬, ˺ܶ, Ҳһ仰Ϳ顣
Ϊٶ꣬һ, ЦűȰ˾ÿֲ
ʵ쮻𶼼֪ٻˣδ¹
, ܳϿңִ̫١ԼҲֻܺմ׺ýšֺԼ˽ռ, ǰԼ˹ʱҪ⣬ȻΥԼ
˵÷ǳ֡
˵ÿһֶмѭÿһ仰ȷʵǹг̡ҪסԼԼҪڷӿĹϵסԼĸš
״Ԫʲôݣһ˵ֳòвܵ״Ԫʲôݣ
ٳйԱ˵, ֻҪ, λ״Ԫɾ˻ʵ۵ۣ졣
ʱеĴ, û, ҪͷϵʼЩҲ, ϶ѰŻԱȥӴ
İأ
ʰһϸͬڿ, ڶʵ, ϸ컹׼
ƺûԼʲô⣬ֱͦͦվ˸
˵̫, Ҳǻ¡
˵û棬Ҳǡ˭˵͸鲻ܸھ㹻֧֣
鼸ڿٷ˷ΪõһΪԼûŵĽۣԼƽ顣
˳ɽ˲ɼãȴû뵽̫ƾԼڣͼɽ˶֡
鶢ŷ裺״Ԫǻ˵
Ц˵ͨ͸㣬˶ԼĵĻˣ˵ˣҲƭˡ
ЦһؿӱûţǷ״Ԫ˵˵ƾʲôȢģƾķӣƾŲŽƷĹְ
һλöҪ꣬ǰһĵҲǷһСӶڿʤġȫ״ԪͶĺܶ࣬ȫ״ԪϿġ
麬ЦűʾǷ״Ԫ˵׸ҵǿԶ࿼ǿǡ
ͷˣð
飺
ЦȢ׸ʵҲǺ⡣ȫĵ뷨Ҫ˵ȫƾȻҲȫƾ
Ÿܴ죬ԭҲĹﱻЦˡ
ڱϲҿеס
ͺսϣһ׺ɱȥû뵽ûˣװܣԷɱ濳ˡһе²̨
󵶳󵶻أûЧ
ӳ״Ԫȷʵ˵ŵҲºͣԺҪһˣȫƾ״Ԫˣ״Ԫ˵úҪȡˣһ¡
̾ĲʺϸߵӡҲˡ״ԪҪһֱߵţǺǷˣ
ﲻļҴ󻧣ϲ׾ص˲֪Ƶж٣÷ʽ
費ܹͬûٵƣز̫̫࣬ҫֱۣһһǶ
֪ĵеǲƲ¶һĵ
⻰Ц룬ԽǸߵԽ͵ҵĿⶼϣȻȥעġʲôɡ
鲻Ͽɣ£һ˾һ֡һȫţ⡣
Ǳơ
һ˴ȫᡣ
ЦţԲ÷Ͳǽķ̤һûУеӱ
ͷһ
µ˫־һ𣬾Լڵ顣˵Լ̬ȣȴҲ˽ȥӱˡ
֪ĵһ뷨˵ǽ⣬һܾ˷Ŀ
ѰķǸ̨õġһٷûôԣ̨û³ɣǳսġ
ԭȢ⣬ƺȻͱ仯ζ
鲻̫ˬﲻͬĺܾ£ٶȿˡ
ĵ룬Լõ֣Ҩһ
˵٣Ժ鶼˵׼үΪôô轫˸ǰ밴Լǰߣߵߵǰͷ
ʾ⸵ĺϲС㣬ʵ͸Сһлвǣߡ
飺ôһ˲䣿ԼǰһΪ˲Ƶ¶ν
һĬ
ȫȻû뵽Լһ˺ģֻ걾ԼоνֻơͻأȢƣˣϴĸԼ͡
顢ԼģԴһ˲䶼뵽˵ꡰЭɻ顱顣
ĿԼɿ֣ԹԺ
룬΢ײ
΢ֱߵľ̳ӷŵ˷ǰô
蹰֣
ĿŸ͹ı飬Ҫͷʲô
ȻҲǺͷʹ˺˾ơ
¶ǣŻ˷Ǿ仰ΪԼϲ˻һأһΪ˶ڡԭҾ˵ڡ̫̫ɣǡ
һƹֻ˹ǸͻȻͼģˡ
÷ţϸԼ꣬ѵҲģȫûбȷ͵١ϵڿϣʱ׼˸
˻Ϊ¶עΪ¶ע
Ⱦưɡ˵⻰һ̨ףҲ˵˵㾩ǰӡ
վƱӦ
ڱϿŷ͸һһ¶ǣŲˣԽԽƽæµĸ飬ľѰһͨĸףͼȥ˽ȥ顣
ǶţֻźȾθʱʱ˲ˡ
ĽԼˣһһľ¡
ò£²Ҳ̨ɣȥſѧѧӵȤζ֮Ͻְ̯д֣̳鱳顣
ֱȵͷ졣
迴ͬǺĸ飬е㲻˵ˣԴˣͲˬһ㣬Ӧ˻ô
ҲҪӵģ
ƱַŵߣǸӣ׸Ȣ
˭ֹôˣȢǵҳӡסƷӡ
һһƣǾȢʵ׸סҵһסûʲô¡Ǯˣլӡŷ㡣ֲʲôϲ̨£Ƥš
Ǿˡ˰һ䣺ҲǲС
ʧЦ
ôƤ
ôܼȥͱ˵ˣ
Ȼ⣬ǿһ軹ûнţȴѾøԷһеľ衣
￸סһҪȥϢǰ͸˵Щ˽ԼĻϵķȫ£һ˾̳Ӻһϵ¾Ʋˡ
ͷ軹ںȾƣȵʲôʼ˵
ڱͷˡ
ƺͦõġ

 86 

쳹װ, һ⡣
ƹ⼫оŴķ΢ҡ, ճ˾ƺĺΡ
ͷƹ˲֪Ѳ
ܺˣܺˡ¡
ʶ, ǵýиϵ˸ͻؼ, ѷǵõڶҪȥ˵꿸סƾ, ҡҡλεĲԼߣһ߻һͷʫ
˷ȥáȥ⣡á
һǸĻˡ
ĿǶָͣ, ڻǵͷ, 
ӦŸ
ƷܺãҲܺá
ľƲǺ󾢺ƣҲǵҾơһһ, ȶ˺΢, Ҳ˯һڶȫˡ
һǰһǰߡϻôһ·, 貹ͷ, ֱ˱Ѫ
뵽һ, ǹ, ۾С
΢, ˼Щٶۣܵ˵Ц⣬ͷġǰͷ·ۺȦԶжеƣƹڸ, رÿ
С𪣬ս˿ܿϸ΢ëԼǸղźԵʣϴŵۣյӣ˽סҪҧһڡ
Ŵתơ
ʱʱӿԼһûסеͷж
ݵ·ܿ꣬ſںš
ǰͷһյƣѲ߱ϣһ
Ľ͵ſڳߣŷƵģܺÿǴƬƬĺ죬쵽ȦǺġֺ첻ͬһˮ⡣
üĵһӡ΢״̬£һΪˡ
Ǻ׾ͱòͷš
͸˵ҪʱҲΪͷһĿܡĪ㺣ƺΪӵ˫
Ŀ΢ԽԵ΢̡
ѹͷϷ˫ȥЩ˯˵˲ôͷۡ컹Ҫ˯ͷá
͵Ӧһ
ɤܺˬȶ˾ƣеѹţֶ˵ԡ
Ų֪ôͷƤ΢顣
Լˣ޲÷ߣԼʧ̬֣ɡ
ŸֿƬ̣Ȼ˸󡣸ſڿҲ߿ŸĵҲڿ
Ҳ֪ǰͷŵһע
ڵĸſڲ۷ʲô飬˵õȵ죬͹ͻ֪ϸڡ
̧Լ֣ԼǰţϸоȾƻӰ˿ô
һ£æ˿ڣôˣղȾƾ˿ڲô
ƿˣ˿ںͳҩ˶ԣ಻ʲôöǰ˺ȵøˣȫûǵҪȰһȰ
ƹ̫Ƕһ㣬ͷͼϸ
˵˿ڴĸоһһµġ
ûܹˣֻ֪ǶܸܵԼҪôȥһ˴Ƕ˵㣬ָҪ
̧ͷ裬ϼûʲô飬ͶԼüͷСд»زҪȾơ
̫ˡ
ͷڸĴһ¡
һȶ˾ƣһˮеϢ
Ÿٿɴ˫ۣЦΪڵַ£ûоˡһ˯ȥˡ
˻ûӦĵڣŵķ״Ԫɿͷʦһؼҡ
ƿվǶסĸġ
ռ躬Ц˱
վûסһڡ
죬ȥ
ĽС죬ãȻԼ͵ϮĴ
ղǸôǴ׼ôô
ʶʲôʱ궯ϯɿͷø˶͸Ͼ˼ſڵж˿ˣ첽תߡ
ֻһʮӣʵ͹ʮˣôܱǳһǸܣ
ζ
ͷԷգͺȶ˾һֲãӿ첽СܡСܻԼ䣬һϻ⡣
׼˯ˡ̫˵ţϴˮſھС
֤һеºӦǣС㡣
СѾͷͷһؼÿն·𻰱ڣһʱ侹Ҳе㲻֪롣
ɣҼŶһˡ
ҷţȥˮˡ

ʮӸϡ
ʮ̧ͷԼ»
ܼ򵥣ûκεϣֻ򵥵īˮīˮ治ẬκεĶأרľ͸Ƴɣ̫ҽȷ˲κӰ졣
ںܳһʱڣǰٷְȷӰ죬ŻȥñĻ滭ϡ
˶ãѧ˶õĻû뵽һԼòϡ
ФҺʮӶ󲡡һЩءǰûⷽܳܺ˯У˭뵽
ʮԼ鷿ͼŻ֪ʲô
ԴӺû˺˼ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ȻҲһ
ûͨߵߣӱԼİŮӣôڷ
Цһ£ûУֻڿҵĻܺã
ʮӦš¿״Ԫ뷨½˽ҴĹĸ˼ƺ
ûʮӽԴԼࣺ¿״ԪϲģҪȥ͸ĶӴôǰЩӲˣ岻ȥʱﱸĻ׼ò࣬Ҫˡ
ʮһԼ»ȥȥȥͲȥ
ЦӦһȥ㻨װһ¼ͦõġ
ʮӸӦһ
˻Ƭ̣ʮ˵˳ϵ飺ؿƾٿУ걻ǿдǵֺ̼֮⣬кܶϷѧӡǮŮģڳҲռ˲ˡ
ʮ˵Ǻܶ
һЩôô
ʮ룺Ҳ֪ô롣ֻǱóܲϷ⣬ѧӹһ㣬ƾܱȲϷϷԱԽԽ࣬ԺƾԼ˽ʲô⡣
ЦⵣĵҲ̫һЩ
ʮҡͷ硣ʳ˵鲻ֻǰʮʮꡣٿʮ꣬Լʮʮꡣ
ô˵
ʲôأ̲סʮӡ
ʮӳƬ̣𸮺ɹһ󡣴ܱһһܺõķ
΢㶣ɱ²ϲˣɹǶǹϵҲ㲻Ϻá
ʮЦǲϲΪԼõ˶ѡ˭ϲǮ˭ܺǮȥִ£һҪǮ˫ҪǶ棬ܹܴùϵġ
һµ⣺ƵһһȻҪܳʱ䣬۸˰ѽǶ϶ͬ⣬ô죿
ƲᡢͼԼƣϰղ뿪Լסĵط
״ԪɵľϢͨĳԼӼ䴫顣
ʮӶλ¿״ԪȤ¿״Ԫһ÷
ɣռŵĵλȹ̡


 87 

Ĳٳϵ, ʹԷܻӭ˽, ˽̶ҲǸڱ档
ƻˣҲĵλȨԼܶණ˼Сϰһ, ĵĶθ, »εı仯
ԵµĸĶԣԴװĶܶ, иĸ, з, Լ⡣
һȥԺչһֲ꣬һδ˷ж·ͼš
㡱ڸһ죬Ǹ߸ģҲǲ, ˵
ǸҪԭһ, ٵ, Ⱥ, еһ, еֱװ·, ڲԶš
ϧĸķǳ, ǰԼ̡
Ųȥӿܺܿͽ벻յҰɡǷ߳ɵǮ
ȣòϸڡ
ϣԥԥ, ðűһ߳ŭָС㣬ʱŵͷ⹫ԶЩ
˵ǰ治á
֪ſڵ˳Դųײһ£ǿ򶨣֪ˡ
֪֪
ԹԵģ˭ס״Ԫ
ĺ鶼һ㣬ûдơ
ﻨ̣˳žӭ˵õϢƹ
ƹЩûŸˣҪ֪С㲡һڼЩΪСƱһɶ
ڹ֣С㣬ڶװòˡϻ˵λƹҲϵˡʱܽǽͶô
֪㣺ţЩЩһˡ
˽ӸĻȡڸĵķԸ£ʼǽϹҡ
ȡ˸ĽͼֽȥͰ﹤СС˵ĵЩ롣
һʱæµ˲١
ļǽϻƹģˣϻ˵ҵĹأ
ƹһ֣һæˡЩҪڼĸŮûöҲûУҲûǮ
ôãǸ⣺ˡʲôţ
ƹн͵Ŀһۣܶ鲻ֱֽܷ˵˽źÿڣӱĿˣˡĸ״ļޣһĿͦãӱԭȸ׽ѲǰƾٸУܿˡǰЩ췭ֵһʱ̫ס
΢㶡
ôһû뵽Ǹ˵ġ
ƹ֣ĹҾò̫ʺСֱ̫Ĺд͡ûɣֽҪ۲ڻửʶֳ֣ʵЩ
ʶʲô
ԺҪӴָǹ˼Ů졣һϸŮдʫʶô⣿
ȻҪǱˡ
һأ
ƹһ£
Ŀƹ񣺡ټӵǮҸûĹҲɡô࣬Ϊʲô
ƹû뵽ô񣬸ֺЦЦоǣ;Ѳֵصĺ¿ͦġԺҪʲôѵĿˣЩСݲһԳӦЩ
ľƹе˼̶ʱ˺˭ͦĶˡ
ҼһҾˡĳƹס
ƹͬ⣬Ȼ֣ӻ
˻һЩԣһ˺ܶࡣ
̨ǽ˻ǽҶؽŨ͵ԸǽҶؽǳͨǽ棬ÿܾ޲ˡ
ҶؽǻɫģƬ׹º󣬾ͽɫɻ̣ٴӻ̱ɻƺ죬Ӻֱɺ̡һļͬɫʣļ¼ͬǻСԡ
ľΨһĿϧϧԼŪɫڸڱ仯ҶؽƯҶӿö࣬Ϊ׳ۡ
ҪԺ˸һЩ֪֮ܲšڵķҪһϲſɼ
ֲȫȻûԼľɫѳ˱еķ羰㵫Ѱ˲ͬĶӣ΢ͷŴ˾ֹţһϸͼ
ﴫС㣬òõó֡ڼƳһƤֱȳһЩһº͵ʸѰѧѧġ
ڲ˭ʱ̲סͣһߣƬת
˶͵ıܡ
šһŮĽţƹô
ơ
תͷˣŽĹЦڵġӱ
ӱִٵͷǡ
ʾӱǸģġҪǺʣ﹤
ӱû뵽ֱӼ˸С㣬ӽˡ
ڹڸĵ飬ǲ෹ĵġ˭֪¿״ԪϵǳһǸĶŮûʺϲֱĳ
æ񣺡վžͺãСʲô
ļӱûȻվ졣
μҵС￴Ͳ󡣻δɻȴѾܶ飬ţʧ̬Ҳɡ
ò̸пɣûʲôĿ
룬ʧЦҲûʲôĵģҰ
ӱæӦ
ŸС˵ҪƹСԼ鶼ǹ⿴ĻͼֽĵĻ˵뷨ûİ
ңھͼԣҲûʵĻ
ѵҪֱӴϼ
ɨһȦһƹ񣺡ֽʺͼ
ƹǰͽҪĶ׼ˣӹ̨ǶȡС㣬ȫȱʲô
ĳӱ֣ѧһѧѧɡ
û滨Ǿüٻ
ѡһźɫĴֽٲüһСһСεֽԸ⼸˸һѧ۸ֽõ壬۶˾ͷװһµ档
ֽõ壿ʲô
һȺãȻġ
ȡһֽȿӱѶȲߣɵС⣬ԡ
˵ֽ̯꣬ʼֽۡ
ֽõѶĲߣȽֽ۳˰ʮĵС飬ֽֽ̯۳ϸСۺֽۣܱͨһȦ߽۵һγһ
ֱӾܳͣòϡ
ܿ۳һ䣬ڷϡ
ССĺɫֽõ廨궼ûȥȴõ廨
һȺ˿ֽٿٿֽ¶ã顣
ʲôˣ


 88 

ɫֽõ, ͦ¡
ĸղöݵһֽʽߴ, Ĳѡ
ȻΪõСһֽһ£һʹʵԴ, һ, ָңҲᡣ
ֽӱֽ, Ŭ룬波, Ҳ˰·ϡۺһƬĺֽ, ൱޴ġ
Ŀÿ˵Ľȡ
ߵľӱĸٶȦҲˡȥȿС飬ƹ, ֻ۳ʼĸӡ
ĵͷ, ȡֽۣٶ, ÿۺһ׶, ȡһźֽ, һֱϷ˺ü׶εĺֽ
ٴʾˣذԡ
һȺϵֽͷԡ
˲̧ͣͷͷ, ̧ͷͷһ, ӱϲһԲ״ĿС㣬۳ˣ
ЦЦԡ
⼸ˣС죬ƹ
ȡһźֽղ۵õд, һֽһ¾Ʊõ壬Ѻܶࡣƹõ㽬ҡ
ƹַ׼õĽ
һʾʱȸղŶ˲٣ۺܶȸ˺ܶࡣҲ֪ôţͽһֽĹ̶סʼ£
Ȼֽһ£ܱߣ;ýһ£һõ廨
ͷϰһӣĴ˴ٽ䣬˲һָһõ塣
һմ
Աֽʽ˺ȻΪʲôһõķʽĳΪѡˡղǸʽһ£Ӹտʼ޷⡣
ô£ʲôôͻȻһ仨
ļȫµ״̬ƹ׼ıʣһֽ滭ЩտʼбۣҪֳܾȷֽǶȣȥҪ۳Ρ
ԼǰҲûòżһͼֽ
˾ͼ֤һȫֽ˵˴Űʱ۷
ˣ
ƹİƷһǳȻҾ˰ɻǵʵ㣬˾ˣùӾ͹ӣΪԼ
ĵһԼһӣڶͲʾ˰ʱѧһʱһһʱ
ΪʲôĶ԰ĹҪˣѧתͷԸܿҵꡣ
ӱźֽҧҧͼŸĻͼֽ
СţһҲѧ
鿴ٿԼֽƹһѡճҪ¿ɲǰԼСȤѧĻУôѵľˡ
ƺһûۣ˼ֽһѵ̳ͽӱǶֽ
Ը⼸ˣһЩͼֽǼǵÿ¡ÿֻʲô壬ȫҪҼ¡Ҳдͼֽˣ顣
ƹСԲԼʲô֪
ԸƹСӦ
ļӱڳڱ϶һֽѰֽ˵ҶӡƹҪ˿ֽľܼʮõ塣
һʱӱԼľƱõ壬ϲĿС㣬ˣ
ĿӱĳƷ
Ϊ˲ٴֽۺ۹࣬в¶ĵطĥ¡һѧ߶ԣܻһʱȥƷѷǳˡ
ģҲɡ
ӱºЦЦ쿪ʼ﹤ƹдǶ̹ǳҪ˵ãҲһҪǰòһƹǮ
ӱ¶õЦӦã
͵Ĺʱ
ĺЦӱȡ˼Ŵֽķʽܶ࣬ͼֽлƹСҪܶƣƽܵڽͻЩ¡ҲһҪЩҪѧΰ
ӱš
һҪɫҪ򻨵ȥʲôġĽԼõӣһŵװֽԼһ°ֽӡ
°ǵװ׵ӣβ¶ֽǡ
󲿷ְʽ֮һ߶ڵ㡣Ҫ󡣡Ľֽ룬·ֽ۵ǣĻ֮һ£ȡڡ
ֽϷڴСмտڵġ
û֮һ˵Ҳ˸ĵ˼
ʵõĸǺɫֽĳӱɫŵ°ֽʺǳһЩɫɫһࡣͲֲݼҲÿ
ӱһɫ˫۷ţܺÿ
ļӱܶ˼ӸˣƽʱѧѧԣҪиʵɫ߰ʽҲԻƹƹңҪǾÿԣǾͼǮǮֻܶ࣬ʹ
˵ʹĸ˻᲻׬Ǯأ
ӱͷллС㡣
ļǻȻ⡣
ȹºӱúãϰЩͿԽɻʱԼܼܶࡣӱףӻܺúù;ܰ֡
Ѿãʱûȥˡ
Ľӱƹٶ󣬷Լϵ뿪
õֽҪؼҵġҪǷĵͿ԰͸衣ô໨ܹҪһЩ
õΪд̣īͶƺΪߡߡ̿͡ΪζǤ弼⣬Сǻߡ͡ݡĽз
ڵõ壬Զûǧİ
ĽԼС˼ͷԼ꿪ʱٽĻƹȥ
˿̵Ļںܶණڵò࣬ƹСԼӱһͼֽš
ӱõİʽ˺üõеİͼ
õдŴ˻żԼ顣
Сֻѡ򵥵һǰʽȴûѡЩ֮İʽ
ͷİԣ̧ͷСһ䣺СĻҪ͸״Ԫô
ƹһû̧ͷ⻰ȥҪ˵һǣôҲ£ִô˵ŮӶ֡Сôºһˣǻġ
Сɿһͼֽõ
ƹһ˵ȴܳʵӱһˢˢС
Сõк֮⣬԰ΪõţҰ㣬ÿһ졣
ƹӱͬʱḻ
ֱ׵Ļ
Сȥ棺ףͬõ廹һô
ӱǵøղŸ˶٣æ˵ʮŶ䡣
СٲȥһָΪ̾Ŀ˵ţʮŶõ˼ǣߵ㡣
ƹ̲סΪ״Ԫʮţĺ塣ĺǡʮ
һȺ˸ͷ˴𰸡
϶Ϊ״Ԫʮš
ﰮĽĻܶ࣬ҩɽˮɶǣΨõ弸δбﰮ˵
Ұÿһ˵ǰû˵¿Ҳ͸СҵŹ˵ÿһĺ嶼ͬġ
治ǾһǶͬһ㡣
ȫȻ֪һеĸ뵽Լǧ˵ڵ˵ڣܳôһ⡣
ţ


 89 

ֶ, 㴫, Ҵ㣬תͷȥֳȫһ¡
濵֪, ˵ڷ͸ĵĶ, תͷЩʿһ˵ȼͷ⽲, ѷչĿɿڴĵز
ôһ˵⸸ŷǣ͸Сʶ, һ顣˭뵽, һ뿪ǣĸҾ䣬һͻж, ʧȥĸ, ɵʧ
ٺ⹫һ·ϾǣΪ״ԪСȻָ, ϳ衣
νʱ, ӵ
һβİ¡
ݷһ, ûϵһԼİ, Լ֪ķ˼汾
ڻ, һ˾ʵ㷽㡣Ҫ··ҪŸõ֡ҾԭȵˮƽҲ˵ϰ䣬ͨ˼ܶˮƽ
һ顭
ⱲӵһμƷ, ˵һȷ˸ľеĸģͶĻҲǿһ顣
ͷ濵һʣϷʧЦ֣ҪЦҡû˵ôţֻ쿴СΣգɴཫ˴
˶٣Ҳ˵䣺ҶԸС㱾⣬¾ﲻ֪ҼҸҺܾûܻؼңʵڲ̫㡣
״ԪļҸںһ㣬˹
ͷҲǡҼǵõλ״Ԫɣűȥˡһȣûֱˡ
裺
ԼķŻô
ȡһӳݵ˷ϣԺ٣ЩʱվͲùˡͷдЩ飬㶼һһȥˡѰľȥ裬Ժ˶࣬˼С
û÷Լ衣
ʱ˽飬һǸ飬ԷϤԺԱͷܴͷñ֪ûи飬ͷҲˡ
⡣
ӹ˲ӣȴֱԣΪң
뿴ŷ죬̾̾һˣϣСܹúһЩѵðˡ·ԼߵģߵԶÿԼ
軹ǲס
벻ٶ˵֣ˣҪпնҽ¾ͳɡ
벻˵Ȱ뿪˼ע壬úϢһ᳣߶룬ʱҪҷźá
˵ͷ
˶׼ˣֶ˵һ飬֣һ¡
⻰˵Ǹʮ꣬һӻãôˣҪǮҲ֡
ھ̫ķԣǱ̨ʡ
빧һ񣺡л㡣
ڸύʽϲֿоͬţлʼӵܣЩҪǴύһһ¡
ҪһǣҪһλʼӵǣ
ܵõôһ㣬˵ƫܴܲ򣬻ǵÿԼ
ٶȸˡ
µͷֹ˰죺Ҳ֪̫Ǻǻ

ͷԼİԣͷ翪ʼԵ濵Ҳ̫ܡ
šŶ䰥ӴӴлţӣˣкãҴˣĴˡ
濵ЦˣĶˣҿƮ˼Ͷһ£δŮδ޵ģתͷͷøô
濵˫ֻԼ䣬۵죺Ǿͳɻ£ɻôˣ
Ϊĸģ֪ܲ϶Ҫɻ飺Ҫɻ鰡ͷûš˼ҺúûŵĹﱻͷȥģ⣿ͷһ飬Ӵ濵˴Ļ
濵òڣֲԼӣŵ㣬ŵ㡣Ҿôֻ䣬Ӵ
Ϸſ濵ָһһ͵һ㣬͵һ㡣ععءܷ㲻ܷ˲ƣơӶܸ
濵Լ䣬ߣС˵һ䣺ڡ
ʲôڣôټҴӽϱˣһҾֱָƽЩҪǣҺͺӵȫϵϡ
濵ܿסԼĸϻ̬ɿסԼӺȻ̬
סԼڣ֪֪ˡ»ؾҽࡣ˲ôС۵ˣСֿȷʵϲġزڡ
ϺһȥߦȣȥƤӡЩҪ˭һˡϹٵˣҲûٴӣŵ
ȷʵŵ濵ȥ档
ϻߦȣ̲סִбԼ棡
濵һֺãûû¡óԣǾǵһ棬ûжġ״ԪԲС϶³ڣӹñȷ״Ԫ̹
ͣסţֳߦбۿ濵С˵û
濵Ҳ˵ǡ
Ͼ濵ֱˡľ¥ɣҲôġƾٰɣҪͷѧУȴƫһ㲻ŵôһʱϹۣ޵ң
ߦָ濵Ǿ¥øСòáǮ⣬С㲼õ¥ϰպ治棿״Ԫɻ᲻״Ԫɲ¥⣬ڱס
濵ȻӴ
ȫǶ͸ĺͷ׽û˭סҪ׽ܹҪзӲС
濵ĥһ£Ӳһȥݷһ¸ң˼ǲҪͰǻ᲻ſھͱˣ
뵽Ӹֵ˿϶ܶ࣬յһ
룺һ⡣ȥͰܻøС֪Ҫþ¥ġ
ȥһ˴лᣬȥʹһᶼûС
濵úеɣһȥ
˶Լг÷ǳá
Ȼһ̫𣬸˴ŹǷƿţͽſڣãȻ⣬֪ʲôӡ
ſվˡ
һʮżϣϴǳЦѵóһţͰû뵽˸ɣһݷá
濵ϡЦӯӯ񣺡¡
ǷԼԼʱýˡǻһۣû뵽ôһ״һʮ񣺡¡
ʮ˵ţͷͨ븵С˵仰ͻˡ
æӦ£ǡ
ڲ֪ĸģŴӱϴҪôõ廨͸أ


 90 

ȥ, ûʲôڡ
Īһ, ʺŰݷã
ͷԣҴȥ֪ͨ, µʮ߷״Ԫ濵, 죬ʶ, ʱ˳ѡ
ſڡ
ʮô򵥣·ϸߵɫʼ˵ݡϸФұʶ, ϵúܡ濵ûʮ, ƾűܲ³ʮݣˡ¡ѡ
ڷ裬Ȼʶʮġ
ʮŷ濵һ
濵ǹ, ʿĿס
Ƣһܺ, ФҳǻԹɫ, ۼ⿴˷, ŷһЦ˵ҽ͸СĻ, һŵ״Ԫ
ڵľ, û˭ϲ衣̫, üĵ죬ˡʱڸǰͷģҲǱѧαװ
ʵںЦͻ, ûײϷס
躬ЦġҺ͸׽ݷø飬ý顣ھǣֹ´÷зܵøһ
⻰ְһ濵
Ҫ濵죬ù±˷ḻ
濵ֲۣҷ
ʮ濵ޡ
濵ʮǰԼ⣺¿ƽʿ濵о¥븵Сæ¥װװġҪͰ
ҪǲðܽŸãŽ
ʮЦЦһġ
濵˵һأǰ˿ź͸Сʶģֻ˵ʶС㣬ղջһ⡣
Ҫͣȴ˻
ûʮ˵̫ʧĻ濵л˵ֵľ¥ͦõôҸ˵Ƕ˵˵Һ͸С£׬Ǯ
ǻл
ҶǾۿƾٿ˵ˣȻö
濵ˣԭȻЦݶʱסڨڨ֣ûûҲҡΪ±ݺݽѵһ٣»ٲ˵ˡ
û˵˭ѵڳļ˲Լͬϡ
Цӯӯ仰ûڣ·Լ֪˭ѵ˭
Цһûٿڼƽϡ
ڳͿģ÷费ۣԼٶ̧ʱǴſ׵ЦƺƣʵϰʵⶼûС
ʱһϸΪͼǷ軹Ǹģڼǰȫ˶ԣȫȻûнύ壬ºȫˡ
ʱţλȨأᣬֻ಻١
ûٿڣڳ£𽥱˼Ĭ״
⸸վڷߣĿֿǸľԼһӵԼɾ͡ӦڵĳеϢӦˡ
װ
ڱýˣǾ㲻һýˡʮ࣬ԲԲǳϲƽʱյǮֻ࣬һЩ˫Ҷɡ˵ͨ˼ҵý
ƣС඼ҪˣվǶһ仰ҿ
Ȼ״Ԫѡе˼ң˶˲á
һȺſԵȺ˳Цݿӭ˽ţλ롣û뵽λô磬и͸㣬λһҪ
˶ûʴҶҪԡ
һȺ˵Ļš
ǰ·ϣҲڸ˵һ£ү鷿·СŸѾȥˡӲ㣬ڹ磬ͣλҲ¡
Ȼ£ǰȺš
ȱӭǰедС
ܿѾͷȲ衢ԲԼճĸ㡣ǵĸʽ٣ÿ궼ܵĳһЩġʲôϰ°ģ»ܿ졣
ýһİһЩԭΪ״Ԫǲִģк͸˵λ¶û˵ҪһͻȻš
˰ŶŲ裬͸ĳſһհ㲻硣

˹ʮţǷţһԼԹľ¥Сţһʱе¡
ϸһ£ǰ߸ˡ⻹ʮֻԼһλŮǰ
ʲôӰ̲ס
齫ĵͷãǷ⹫׵ѽ
Ŀ飺ô˵ģ
ЦѽС㡣һ⣬ǸźôʮλСҿ϶ǰġȥɲ׵¡
ջߣԼǰͭ
Ů൱Բεһ¶ԭµķٶý˿΢ᣬһ仨ʽıһԵø˵㡣
ϵȾһ֬죬õĻϻط⹫͵ġ
ССһ֬óϣǿȴе̡ԭŮӵС˼Сĵط֣˲ȴԼСԽ
һ
ʺ׵ӡ
վͷԼɫŽ飺߰ɣȥǰܲ˶ȼˡ
Ƚʮ;¥СҸӦˡ
˸ǰͼҲյ
׺ʮ䣬ŸˣԸģȥƫͲõ¡
˵꣬ͺͷ˵һ״ԪҲһȥҺ㸸׾͹ˡ
̸£Сܲ졣
֣վ˻ûڵĸߣ΢ЦЦ
һŷЦ£Ŷ¼˵ţ£λһȥƫʵ鶼һ
º̹ͣһȺ˱Ͳûͣû˼˵ʲôŸŸһƫȥ
ƫ˶£ʮȴºȻҪҶʲô
ʮŸЦţתȣЩʱȥ꼻ʱ꼻ժһ⻨ʢʱңʵڶݣҪͣò
Ķ꼻Ȥ
⻨󣬻ʢʱ̣ʢҪȷʵ˼
һǿҪ׼ӡ
ʮͷѽһ꼻£˵ĻҪˣȥո֡ҪǷĻȥף
һһƽպһ
ǲ̫㡣̧ʮЦһ渵ľˣ̿ҵ˼˵ģôȥǶҪǴǾһȤҪǲֲȫ
濵͵裬÷ƺʮ̫ϲ
תһ룬ڹƿǶų⣬޲õǸ״Ԫɹͺú׵ģҪӦЩˣ˭ˡ
˵ķʮЦһ䣺˵ÿɶԣ
ЦУûе⡣˷Ĳ⡣
ʮɵӣίѣֻӶѡ
ʮ˶װʮ߲һֱӰθţû˵öԡ
ʮ⣬Ҫǹ뿪ҵ˵ʲô鷳
룬ĻȷʵҪΪءҪʲôֱ˵ǣרһˡ
º͵ĸģװģķ裬ЦȻ̳ӷˣˡ


 91 

̳ӷ費ÿɷ
Ķȥ꼻̫, ǰʮĿ꼻Ǻʮ幫Ʒһʡȥ, ȥҲͲΪ
ԼֻڿһСС̣ʮҪ, Ǵšݻǲ, ԸĶԶǸ鷳
ҪǷܾˣûôô, ͷӦˡ
ŷ赱ڣʮ, Žʮ¶ˡҪǴҶϢ, 䵽һˣ
ʮҪ˵ʲôͱĴ˽ࡣ
ĵڷǰݹһ㣬ʮȻҲݵĳ
ʮٳšĳŷ裬еָ˼, Ҫĺҽ, ô˵뿪ҵȥӵ飿
濵⻰Բ쿴һ۸ġ
ַ, ʵΪʮ, ȴҲ˵ʮĲǡ
ѹַϲ, ǹټҳ
˵ֵز, ʮӦҲû˵ȥ, ֻܺЦӦšԻ˻վҾ飬˵ˡ»ҪǶȻϰ
գգۣʱֱȥ̶ˡҪô, ǿԻͷ˵
ʮȻһ㣺ǽղٴţˡԼһ£ȻҲˡ
ʮ
ʮҡͷ΢΢̧°ͣʾǱ߿ķ״Ԫ٩ɱ𡣴̳ӻء
һȺ˵Ц
Ĳͣ黹Ҫȥ͵ġ
齫ͳƫĲӦλҲҽӲӲþ¥⣿
濵æ֣ǡǵһԼʵڲ֪챾ֻ͸ġȻСҪˣһͷȥԼǡ
һ˵úܡ
û뵽˺ʵĽǵǰ˺ͷʶȥصľ¥СңͷӦˣţȥƹԼҪȻܣͰ׿ˡ
濵ӦС˵ǡ
ڣ濵˵ƽʱ˺ܶࡣ⵼·濵㿴ЩּȻˣֱӵǶܲ¸ͷ濪˵꣬Ӧ͹Ǻпո¥
濵⹫˵öԡʹһȥǶƹӦڣ
Ӧţڵġ
濵ϣЦˣһͲ͡ش󣬽층Сͷ󡣡
˵գˡ
һȺ˲ƫ»û˵ٻأˮûֱ꣬ȫˡʣ¸ĺͷˣһվһӡ
˶ˣŲŲӣ˷Աϡ
Ƿ˵ıǸҸ˵ı۾Ц䣬ָ˼Сϣŷ迴һӲȫˡ
յķ贩ϻظһ·žʮ㡣
ͷרŴôŵһ㵭ζǱī㣬ƺĳֿϵĵ㣬ƺĻ̫Ĳȷϡ
ɹ˴̳ѬˣܲסȻܣûʲôϡ档
̲סӴЦ⡣
ȷʵתˣˡ
СƵģ˵ʹŵȤζϲԳʲô˼鲻þ˵˾ﻰ˼Ǳˡ
ĸղ˵Ҫܶ࣬ͷ˵ȴûЩ˼ϵ䡣
ͷý˵£ǲǺ鷳ԭҪרš
ѧŸĵӣָϣ΢תɡ۲ϲ˼ֻסףȥֱӳɻˡ˺Ҽһ棬ͷߴûˡ
źʲô鶼Ҫ
迴ŸĻе㻳ɵӣ¼ȻǸĸȻҲǸĸٳ֡ʮҲʮţܶʲô

˷ĻȻõ廨û͡
ƫûˣǺʱ
Ͻȵȡ
˫Լȹӣ첽ͷܡ
۵ȹͷ΢ζķŮе̬ܲúвС迴ŸĿ첽ߣһЦ
֮ǰ˵Ĳͱѹʧ
øҪǽ飬͸ýһѧʣοá
ǺһһͷܿС
ԭ֪ĻóʲôĴǸĽ̻ġ뷲䣬ŽƱ̰Ц̿ɰס
˰ɣƱϲȥڿӡ
ǰ£͡
ףһ̾ͳ׶á
Ĳ֪ʾתķѻӳ˵ĻԼõõ廨ȡ˳ȷֽûʲôĥСܻƫ
ϵ˺ͶͼԼҴСȫȻûС̬ϲϲһͬͯһȥ
ĵһӦȫȻûСⲻϴСݡǡɰ
һŮǿɰý
˵ĸ̾û븵ĵĶ
һҪԼۺõֽ͸衣˵ϲ״̬ʱʲô鶼ʶ뵽Էһõ壬ҲҪ͸衣
û֪õĽ׶ΣĽһֽõ͵˷ǰ
Ķ֪顱΢̣õ塣ֽġֽʱһ㡣͸㣬ÿô
ԭĨһո졣ȷȷʵʵķۺ졣
ӭõôһõ廨һ֣΢㶡ϱҲõ壬һ䵥ڼûһ͹
ĵĻᣬдõĻϸ˲ͬɫͲͬ塣
ʮŶ䡣
ͣҲǡӵ⺬֮һ
ǰδļõ壬ߡ
˵Ļȴ֪ڸĶԣõԶǺ֮⡣
һֱں˵Ű⣬ӶʮķĻŷ磬ٵߵõ廨ͷļϣߡ߹һ·飬ȴǰߣٲͷ
;һ·ӡ
һ·ſ
ЩãøζΡ
ӹ˻΢ͷǾ᣺ÿ
ŵԼõõһУȴްʶᵽҪǰˣҪԼ
ˡ迪ڣ˵ô֣һʱ˵ȥˡ
ǰĸãȻôˣ
轫Ϸ˷ţϸãȻ޽ߣչٸ㡣

 92 

Ļ˵, ܾ֪ʲô˼
, ˣ÷赨Ҳ֪ߡ
Ǹƫ, ſֵ, ǰ˫ýףʱܻȴҪ˵Ļ, һЩ
ɤۣԼ䡣
ôˣȻû, Ҳ׹ˣǧ˴к, ܱ軣סɣ
ıõҰˣ΢»ڷĴϡٿ˷裬ڷ贽, ۿŷķӦ
Ų졣
ĵһ֪ԭô, ʱ÷ǳŷÿһ˿΢顣ܼ˳ëµӰ, ܲס˺
˵, ĻĶȫȻ͸, ȴһ, ͷԼľ˵Ż
վ, ſȨϡ
ڷ֮ϵĿحУøԼԴʶ̫, ȫ˷Ǹ˼ҼΪŵļһ
跴ӦЦ
ֽԼԼİĹˤԼСľ룬ҧ˸ĵĴ΢ҧ̾Ϣһɤ˵ţʧˡ
Ľѵˮأ
ҪɽǴԣã
̱ͷԵĿհס
Ƿӻ֪Ǹƫδɻ飬̸ĵԶֹЩ׽ˣԺҲ׽ˡ
ɿĺָĴǣ˿Ĩȥ΢һ۸ģϲ㡣
ֽ࣬ȫֱһĨĶ׻
ϵһ׻һѪ㡣
˵ᴭԵɵɿǰĻˮ
ݰףˮ΢죬üĻҴһ졣˭Ҳû˭ö٣ȫһǵҡ
СС´棬˳ֻʱ䣬Ҳ˳׶ԷԼĸоִĵĿǸ޷ƾܵġ
ð죬ĲʶԼͷж֡˶ڷĻ˫񻹷ڷؿڴ֧˵ľ롣
Ȼ̫֡
æӷҴϵ֬ô
һŻţ㷢飬ĻŵúʲôĻ¡
ԼĴҳԵòˡ
ģ
ֲҪĻô˵ó˵ôȻ
Ϣˣ÷ͷŵĸһ˵Ҳȫһһ¶ԣһͷ̰ǣһĽƻ
Цãܺ󣬺Ϳ֬ûʲô𡣡
ûõ壬ڷԴϡ
ڸ롣ºֻͣ˫һ۷裬ִһߵصɣûɱ÷жȤζŨ
ƫ⴫С㣬Ѿʮ˷ˡ
ıһҵͷԼⶼûе·յ·⣬嶼𣬳ʱѹһգȻûӡ
鲻֪ղƫʲôϲϲţ⹫ӺСһɣúõ
˵ߣҲûԼСͷʲô쳣
Ľŵַ£̧ͷ㻺ˡ
֪ԼΪʲôᱻŵøͲʲô顣
豻ķӦЦǶ鼫˸ˡ
ڷ軹ԣ֪̫ܶת˸⣬˵˸ղˣʮФˣ޸ʮӣƽպأٻύˡФ˼ΪϣҲǺϲ
û뵽ܴӷֱϲ˵
뵽ʮӻ͹ƣղ˼ʱ
˵濵ֺӺǶ˶ֺ̼һ֡˵ǲŵһЩơ
е棺Ծ󲿷ּ嶼˽ô
˵٣ûӴˣתͷͽԺ󡣶˵ֻнӴˣȷԷƷԡ
΢ף˽⡣ҳ뾩ǣ״ԪݡԺȻͲϤӡͥҲܸ¡
˸ȷͨ˽°һ
һ룬һ裺ǹ˶ࡣ㲻ϲҲܱͷȻԺ˼ˣһС¶ܵѱ
Цһ֪ҪЦҲҲԭﲻЩС¡һְˡ
ͬ⻰ûж˵ȥ
÷ʵһУ
ʾ⸵£͸Ķ䣺˺£ƽԶҡҼԺãûҲܽ˭˭Ĺϵһ
Լղλϣ˵˵ʮӺʮ飿
΢٣ʲô
ĶܸӣҪĻϣܱסʺ׽ʮӣǰʱȥһ˸ۡ
ϵܽ
ʮ緢̬Żλǰ˵ĶŽ׶Σ˵飬ǻ档˵棬ǻ̸顣
ʼ˴඼ˡ
ЩǵģҲۡ
ˣҲǾǡһ丵ϱ˵Ļ̸Ǯ˸飬̸Ǯ
⻰÷ǳ졣
û뵽Ļھ˵ô
ͷӦ·Ļš
ͷСˣǰǶС
ý˽͵Ķ˰ǰǮˡƣʱ͵ܳ˼ʳܳʮ塣
ûǵС񣬶߹г̺ŷ⸸ԺСڵ
ӣҼ棬ҲԹٷƷǺŷ⸸˵ֱףȢ⣬˼ǣȢޣסǮ踮ۡסȥ
⸸ͷͷУ
·⸸һס̫壬ǸһСլӡһԸЩȷǶҲԶΪ֮լӵǮеġ
⸸ҲͦãͷС
һὨ飬һͣͷ˫ǳǢ
Ǣ鶼Цôһ鶼ûУ
⸸ѵô÷ǳʽԼѹ׵ĺ·ͳˡŸǳ̹˵Լ뷨СС£Ҷ˼˵һִԼϲС㡣˳Ÿ˼죬Ȼ˳˼
⸸̫˽ˡ
һ÷費⣬趼ѡȽ˲⣬˵
⸸ԿƾΪûʲôȤȴδȤ
ŷܷҡֱϾȻŷ۹⡣
͸˵Щ˵νЩϸ֦ĩڵĶ⸸Ц£Ҳʣ¶ꡣµӣǵԼô
鲻֪⸸ӣôӡ
Ȼͬ
ҲΪ⸸κͷ÷˽ĳɾ͡
οͷǡµӻǵúԼǸһֲٰˡǺԺ׫еĶᰲϡ
˫һļϣһнչ˳


 93 

濵ȥ˸ĵĻ, ˸, ˸
ԼӻؼҺۻԼҾ¥, ƹ̨ǰྐྵӡ
¥⻹ͦ, ¥¥¶͡һľôˣȫ鹦ڸĺͷ״Ԫν¡
տʼīͻСҹ, Ϊ˸¸Сϲãֱߴλѳλ, ÿ춼, ûһеġ
˾ÿζ㾩һƶ, ȥˡ
濵ϸ, ˶ԼҸжԺҪлܻȥͻȥ
ͷ, ôûˡͷ̫, õ, עΪˡ
¥Ҫװһ, ô, ҲܸСܵȥǰЩӸСǶꡣ
ƹԼСڣ￪ʼ߶߶ү괺ıȵҵĽճɲ, ͷ߲˼۸ߡҪڸһЩ
濵ƹ񣺡ȥҲô˵Ǹˣľͷļ۲ࡣʮǮһʮǮһ
׼ÿ궼һǮĲʵڲ̫
ƹͲСſɶˣò濵᣺ɱСһǮı仯һǮһϰһ굽ͷһСҪԶٽף׼Ǯڿʮˣ
ĵʮģǴ仯
ϸ꣬׼ۿɾ͸ˡϰѣףƹ̾үָ鵱٣¥Ҳϵġ
ȥûͷе㲻
˵ʵζȷʵû׺áһϸʲô飬׾ǵЩ̿ɲΪ׾⽵׼ۡ
һһڵĶ
ǲһ濵ǳ̹˵ţҪǾǵ׼۶ˣ¿϶ҡҲˡӸߵȶţֵõ
ƹھᣬò˵һұʱϰնĶصҪһͿڴŶʱϰտܻûô಼ڴڣ
ٷϴˡൽʲôزһڿŴһӡǮ٣ʲô٣۵Ȼ߲ȥǮ˱ǰö࣬Ȼ˺üϰҲÿĶﶼʳ
ǿԷżϸ겻õģ׼۾͸ˡ
۸ⶫһ˾ͺѵŰո׼߾һǳ顣
濵飬˼ͥģ۹ƹڲһĲϣھȨõ˶һЩͭСС֡
ƹǾݼ׼۷ǵģ濵ûоû׼۷ֱ۵ĸд˹עĵ㲻ͬһ۽Сϣһڴ󻷾£뷨Ȼͬ
ͶȻûɶö˵ˡ
һֻƹһֻǸͨƾٵѧӣȻû뵽ԼĵĻ²֮ͷ
ũѧУδѵеġһͨ˸ڸϡ
ھǿƾٽĻУ겢޲ͬλ¡
׽졣
糣ϵ
ĵĻѡҵ˵ǻＸҹ飬˶ϸˡѰѡգ˭Ϳô
ҲãҵӾʹöٸĶ
Ƽ˼ڸģҲͦ˳֣ż㸵ĵϢȥЩ΢С飬㱻˭֪ˣҲΪǸӻָƼҶ
ùһţ֣ٲ
Ժˡ
ΪԵʣ˻ż벻㣬ڻǵһεõš
ŷ⣬ٿݡ
ͷǳкһ˵˵֮Ļȥ˺Ĳ㣬ϣܹ¡Ĳ̫ط˵һ䡰ҹƵƣȤͽǼȸ˵˸ʮ㡣
˵˵ţ˵ںо䣬һĻƲ̫ãвְϻ˲ûĶȻֻûϸģֶ˵ڷ¡
˷СӲסĸȥ边Ϲݡ
ݴʲô˼
ݵϰһճɶáճɲãһò׵׳飬ټҴĳȫȼ˹ټҽӵķðջ˿
ʹֵطǳȱ⡣ȫԽͣ򵽵ʳԽ٣۸Խǰ
תͷ˶ʬ崦òǾǳߡߴòǸǴ顣
һʱӶò̫ס黹δλãһΪæͷת
ȴûȥȡ鲻֪дɺϣԼ̫ࡣ
仯ʳճɾͻ١ʳ٣˰վ١ľԤᶼ̫ÿ
֪Լ͸
Ψ񣬲ܷδȻ
պ÷ŵһԣд౾Щ׼ӦԿܻᷢ顣ддţȻ˷ƾٿ˵ľӡ
ϾӰ˼Σľٴ룬ϸȷʵеʵԱʶܹģ
˵
궬ȻкúѩȷʵǱ궼һЩԽԽʳĿԡ
ֻЩպ𽥷չغһϲɣ˿
˿˰Ǹߣõļ۸񣬶԰˵׬ǮҪͷɣƣ´նȥɣ
д΢תһ㣬ϣܹһ⡣
д౾ڱɱī
үСſڸ顣
Ӧһʲô飿
鷿ųţ⻰̽ͷŸֺЦЦȻߡ
˵ʱܹе㲻˼
Ļܹ״һ㡣
գգۣ˵ԼҪ󣺡ҵĻҪдпոֱдһô
û뵽С£ԡӦҲдôֵһԡ
֪дûУҲֻ֪ĵһ㡣Ǿ÷æѰˣе㲻˼ҷ衣
ֺóŸЦⲻǵҪô
Цһ˭֪СѾͷ˵滰Ǽٻ
ô˵黹ͬˣдʲô֣
ıֵܶġ
Ǿѡˣŷ󡣡
ţ֪׼ȷʱҲ֪Ҽ㺡
ּãͽŷ󡣡


 94 

дֽ, ˵ŷ˵, ׸ĵ˼
֪ΪŸ֣ΪıϲŷĽûϸʣһ, ȸдˡ
ļӦ, ϲǰæ档
Ҳǹҿֻ౾д˷Ƕ, һ۾ͼͷдŵݡݲӣת˵ŽЩ겻ջǶնҪһЩ, ˰û, ¶еӰ졣
ѰҪǲעũ񣬿ܶ;ãŶ
ﱾǿԷ仯, 
Ĳͬ
Ի˽ܶ, ֪ÿһֲﶼʺϵ¶ȡһ¶ȳ⣬, ޲еֲ, йʵ
ǶС, ¶һǸ˶ԵĴ󲨶, һ, ס
Ѱҳͺʳﵱʳԡ
鷭һŴֽӱߣɶҪҵҲд֡
ĵ౾⼸ڽʳûˣ
΢쿴۸ģӦһǡⲻ¡
һС, ⷽܶʲô
죬㡣ⷽеģĳ̶Ȳ󣬡һ£Ǵ¡
Ƿǳĸ飬²Ҫʦȥġ
ȴû΢üͷǵģǺܴһ顣ϰյĸڡʳԱ˶ӣоȥ顣浽ʱȥѡʺϵֲƹ㣬ʱϸ
鱻ֵ֣ǵ˵Ūһ㶣漴ЦǶˡбҪ̫ࡣ˵ĻƣЩ쳯¶ۡǲǵ֮
ʹ˸ĵ֪ʶä
֪һЩƶȣҲ֪ǧ飬治֪ڳдµȼ˳⡣
һ߾ԼĺҪһ־øΪô꣬ÿ϶࣬ػҪĿ϶ǻ⣬ʳǡ
Ǹдְɡ˸ӣԺдϵƷӣȻ֪ûãԡ
֪ҪҲû÷ܹš
ϰôǮȥԷأ
Ǹ顣
ͷɣȸд֡
齫ֽͱī̯øڱϸĥī
е·ҲзڵġǷڣܹһţ̫д֡Ҫһǳɣа
齫Ѱ˸ϵסԼڣŻûմīıԤһʵĵ㡣
Ҳǿƾٳһõóֵġ
īĥòˣôʳմȾīְֽ֭һ֡ৡһʾдȥĴֱ۽̺ӣй׳ơ
ļ֣һӦǣ֡
ڶӦǣ̫ʡ
ī̫Ůӻ̸еӡ
һšд꣬˲ʶһ㣬üͷ岻ʰ
Ŀָ֣ڡšͷһ㣺ҪĳһС
飺
ľԼ뷨ǳʣСᣬܺʰ
ľͣ
鲻ƻԼּ֣øʧ˫֪ԷԼûʲôѪԵϵɻάŸŮꡣ
֪йй֣ȴȫԼ˳ĵʲôûᶼǡ
Ů˭Ҫأ
ΪһԳ踵ûʲôߵĸɵȡһ֧΢ϸһëʣմīšͷһ仨
ϣͦÿġ
ʱȤˣ
ֽŲȥЩʼԵڶ֡
˵һ飬ڵڶ硱˵Ρġ硱͡岢򵥣ҲûʲôԸĳС䡣ѡдԲһЩ
бʷ棬Բ֣Ϳɰöࡣ
ȫ˱ʣһ¡
󽫾αװСޣҲǲԡֽģȥ˵дġ
дԣ˵ȥˡ
סЦ⣬Ӧ˸Ļ˵˵϶˵
ûδɵֶ֣࿴ۣջûסЦԱ쿩ԽԽúЦ͸ɵһ
鶼ЦѿʲôЦģ
æҡͷЦˣ飬һֽ
š
ĺһŴֽһߣȷϲᵼδɵīȾȥˡϼæ
˵ߡ
˵߾ߣϸƷһ¡
ϸƷһ¡
ôһ뵽֣һ뵽裬þôǸζأ

æſ̣ûš
ΪԺ׫ˡ
̶ͷһĿȫ֪Ҫô貼顣ְ㲻أɶѵѹʵ¼дҪ©ȱʵ֤Ĳڱϱע
Ӧ̶»ƾдò´ξ̽㰲ţΧ˵Щչ
ϸ˵ǺԺ׫飬ǾھԵΡ
˵ԺȥûֵõսķȥʵۺͳӽΡ
ԺһȺ˿ΪӡĽУУУֻҲСǺ£ÿڻʵǰ
˭Ⱥ٩٩̸ģǰʧǴв״Ԫɾͱûˡÿһ״Ԫɣ״Ԫɻûû̽ɺõıȱȽǡ
ǵȻû뵽ھ٩٩̸˺ܶ꣬Դȫη
ͷ۵Ļʵ¼д⡣ⶫ棬ôڣҪʱעģٺҲû͵ǴٶԿһ㡣
һȺ֣ܰһȥЩ⡣
æҲǵøĵĻҪˡ
˿ӣ޲ĴüҼһ֪̿ҵĿ͵òУӶʱöġ
ˣˡ濵ҲںԺ£ŷ躰ţеͷۣ㿴ǲе⣿ôĶĿôࣿ
ʮ굽ʮ꣬˰İֱӱ˰ӿܼư˰ٶꡣ
ǰۣٷ¼䣺û
Ц£ԶҪСϰյֻҪпڷԣܰȹӡǿʳööࡣ
濵̾ĶҼͷƹ񻹺˵׼»ǣҿǶ
Ϊٽʮ֤꣬׼۵Ĳǡ
׼ǻǡΪǣǺܶûô֡˵ôһ䡣
²ֹ濵һȺ˶̲ס迴
ôûأ
˼ƺûɱǡټš
ڳ˺ųأȺѧӿºܶû¹
̧ЦˣͷһὲһЩҺûСǵһ¡ϣ²ҪΪҺҿڶҡ
ʲôûСһ£
һȺ˱˵ŪúЦĸһž˼Ҫི
Ӧһ


 95 

֪æ, Щ춼ûȥŷ衣
˰Ÿִ˻̵ĵ, ſڹС죬ȥһѸߵزͬſڵʮŮô, ͷŵϵͬ, ϵ򰫵öࡣ
ӱͷѧ˲СЧİѧò
õֽΪԭ, ֽҪšֽҩȾֽ, ͨ, ʺдֽ֡ȱȲѧӽ԰ֽҲȲ͢רõֽֽɫƯ㹻ʹá
һֽɱҲһǮ, һҲͼǮӱҶ˷ֽ, ѧʱ򳣳һֽ۵һֱ˲ñϡ
ƹСǸ, ӱ, ӱøĶ, ʵ
ѧͽƽܶ, ӱʵĳ̶ֳǸĵѧͽ, Ÿڻѧ¡ݲѧͽأƹСû˵
ǰһĸһţ˵Լ̵ڶҪҵˡԸ궼û˻ͨ˯£ڶ˸硣
ó˵ϲĳʳ, ӶҪ㼸ͷ
ĺһֳ࣬˰ӺһˣԼɲŵԴӸ뿪
ñ̲ס˸ıãֱԼıöüЦӯӯ
첻գ͸һҪȥ¡Ϣܻؼҡ
ϣԼĶӣûȫɢûԼһҵ꿪ŵȸԾһж̫˳û뷨
ߺ䣬Աûĵ
ڸѧϰģٵıԼûУΨлϰֽһһ졣ϰҲд֣ºдʫıº͵ˮƽ¡
ԼСڲͬ
ͣ£һȥԼȹӣŲΪӯ
Ǹϲ£һر𳤵ĺɫȹӣͷһԽӡȹǽǶĴ˾³˼Ŧ۵ĹŹ·ʽûϵżΪ˵Цȹӵʽǽ˵ķ¾ǿʽ˾ֳ˽пʽƺű𴦲Ǻõġ
Խı͸ɴ˺û࣬ܽͷĳȹ͸ɴԽǺֲܳײĴȫҲ͸һ
ƽմ·լڼ²ײĴȥˡƽͷԺϲĻЩºͿӡ
һ³ƹüЦӭˡ
ҵһҪ˵ϲĻƹЦŹ֣С㿪ź죬һ¥Ĵӡ
СڽһѻĸᵽſڣС㣬ô
Ķʻӽٺϵջʯ񣬲ȥ俴žƯɫɢβҶڱϳţʻɫʸӳڡ
һݻǰһŻ˾⻨̵ʮ㡣
Цŵͷţÿ
ӱҲ⴩Լϲ·߳úеţһöӣС㣬
ƹſһӣϴһ̣ҿҿҵǻҲϲϲ졣
ϲϲ갡ǡ
ӣɡ
ܵģ˲ٻحҩۡİο΢һ£̾˻ǡӷŵ£ȼ
ܡ
һ󴮵̺ܿ조žŨҵỊ̇˸ܡǿִ٣ôûʲôˣԶԿûκӰ졣
ϲ֣һŶ䳯Żſڿ
̹ܱߵĻӿ·ϵĵ꣬ǷС
޴ܹ黹˹·˵ע⡣ϰϲֵĺ̲ܶ࣬סͳͷ߹һ¿ҵʲô갡
귢̫ˣòһ𣺡ʲô갡ôûˣ
ڱϴعȥ̣ŷ󣡡
̣ģŷʲô⣿
Χ۵ͷԣ׼½￴
һˣܿڶˣת½½ǺŸģרģǺһйϵ
˺͸ĴС㣬̫ˣⶼûʲô˹
ЦӦ
̫Ӧ
ߡ
˼ˣҲ׷״չ
ƹ˵пˣæЦк̿ţҶԽҪλҪȼߵҪã΢һЩܸŪȫǶһݵľ¡
·˵һݵľ£Ȥ˵㡣
е˼
˵ԺôҼҲСӣòǡ
㻨ȥҲɡ⻨ô
ƹæ˵ۣӭ˽š
ſغ̵мŻЩ׳ۣһ۾ͱһ¡̤ӣǾ̲סҪɴŴ죬Լǲǽ˵ء
Ŀʻֲ
ƹ̨һǽǶ̵ֲ꣬аӣɢżĻǽϹž޴Ļÿһͷſɶ滨
µڷڵڸطͷ˻е֧õģһõģҲûţǼĻ
һһ㣬չܹϡͷд֣˷ƷǿһЩܿصĻ࣬һ¼ģСļһɫģСࡷ
ҪöչʾġࡷδѰ⣬ֻѰҶֲš
еյͷմ˲ٵĻꡣͷżƣΪһ塣ǽɢɢĻ֦Ƕ
Ӿ޴Ĵյ͸ζҷȴ˾ᷳ
ͨûûʵҾ¥ѰȥӲѭ浸ԼĶӰ˰ѶһԸѰʳӸö̻࣬Ϣ
ŷ̲ͬ
ɾֻӦУ÷ܼ
һȺ˼һǾԼ̤ǿĶ
С˽ŻտҵС֧Ǯһ֦֧ʮǮһ֦˳һۼֻۣҪԭ۵߳ɡ
ļۣǰ⼸̫ԣ˼ңҲ˵ŵˡ
Ҫۣ²ˡ˻ͷװ磬ü۸̲סڣһ֦Ǯ֡
Сֽõһݸλϲô
Ӵֽģ
Ǯֵˣ


 96 

Ǯ˶, ǮǮ
ͨϰն, ǮԹ󣬵ǴӸװ˿ŵĻ, ֽ, ް˾ֵ۵ġ
һ, ͨСģҼ۸û, ζ, ֵͦڴ¥ʵһϵİӣֽţúÿЩ, Ǯ, ҾҲֵá
̹֪㻨˼, Ȼ໨һСǮ
˻һȦ, ÿ˳ȥʱһ֧
ļ, ൱ģƹ, ⲻ
װüΪϸ, վڻĸЦСһ㡣
ƹ֪ԼСÿҲ֪ûۡøܿ˱ѧ˵С, ǰ°ɱһֻ˼Ǯûرġʱ䲻ҪάֵһĻܲס
Сڱϰ︵˵ƹС㵱Ȼ֪Ǵ⻹ڻô
ƹҡͷСҲҪŲСҪô죿Сһˡô죿ҪСһæǻ̾ǻôȥ
ľ⻰͸鵱Ļ
Ҫӯ־һЩͲڵ£ܲ볤Զչ
ӱڱֹ
СϸӱлҪ˵һ䣺ν˵ʲô
˶һվŵӱ
ӱˢˢĿ⾪һ£ԥƬ̻ǿڣҾǿִ̫ˡ˶֪ǻ꿪ˡǸСͷʵھǾͺܺá
ҵǲִ˵㡣ƹЦ£Ҳùܡٿ᲻ˡҪǵûǾȥ¥һˡ
ĵͷ
ڹټŮ֮䣬ҪǸ¥һЩֱڰնơ˭ȥԷᾪ̾棬֪СĻ̳нЩ⡣
ǲÿҵ˼ˣҲԼĻ˵Ϳ
ļûʲôˣӱ֣ٶ仨ʽǲ廨
ӱ۾һá
Ĳ廨ƻ൱׻ҪĲϺᣬĶⷽûʲô˽⣬ֲԼûҲûͼֽ
ڻƿװĳ̶ֳ˵Ͳ廨֮ͬ
ܽӱģûлͨ廨ͬſڵЩ߻
ſڻǽʽ廨ʽݾǺ¥һһȥȡ˻һǶָӱ
⣬ȫƾұڴšûʲôȺҪɫʲģʱһ
ȥˣӱע⵽ѡɫнġɫͺɫֱһмȻгɫΪɫ
۾ܿȱǿһءºͽţҲԺһǰһɫʡѳͣϲ䵽Ͼɺܶࡣ
˵ü򵥣Ҳ·ûʲô˼ʵÿһƾԻ˽⣬Լѧ˼ֵġ
ᡣ
ӱŸŻȴһſڻȻͬĻֻͣһͷ

մŷһԼϵĻ
ͦŵġ
ֲָڣǸɻɶˡǳǽͷкܶ೧һȾ﹤ġһǮɹۣʱǻĻؼҡ
һȸŵģӣ̲סۣͽȥһȦ
Ǯһ仨˵ȥ䶼Ҫš
ЦһԼ·ϴһ¡
⻨̫ƯǴ˼ҲеġЩӸ͸СС͸ɾ¾ͻģϻνˣЩûƯ
ʱǮţ
ƺǮ⻹أŻҲû
˲ⲻֱ̯ܶ඼ʱһ⣬Ӻ۾ǻ⺰󣬴ǿǮģ궼ɻͷ͡
Ҫͷ⣬ǵһ쿪ҵͨĻϿǮ
Żһ·һ·Ϻü˿
һԷ̲סʣֵܣ⻨Ķģ
˺ЦһÿɣǸȷͷŷ󣬽տĻ̡ͷõúסһ
ɷЦ˰ɣӡǮ
˱֣ģ
ɷɴۣҪˣǮʲôðôһ仨
˺ʵҲϲ˵ֻϾͲˣǮôˣҸϱġʮǮҶϳ㿴⻨СȭͷС㿴ֽֽ֪Ǯô
һԹǮǮǮһ쵽Ϳٿѵġ˼⻨ֵǮôˣһ仨Ҫһſô䡣Ǯ㣬㻹ӹ󡣡
˸ͣǣš
ű汻ţɷˣΪϻǮǾòֵǮ
Ӱۣǡ
ɷӾߣ͸ȥһ䣬Ҹ䣡ҵҪ˼ɾʲôط
˸ŷ⣬ǶȷʵͦģҲûʲôˣŻҡһ㡣ʣһһʮߣ¿һһ̽ŷͷõĺ˼ɾһȫǻݲݵģǽǽ̵ģƯˡ
⼸˻ģһ·ţⲻˡҫѯʣһ˲࣬ȫŷ˳ȥ
ĺÿˣǰװķʽԼĲõĻ̣ĸϰһκĳѲһҵˣ㵱͵ľҲֵõġ
һ˶֪һΪŷĻ̿ˡ
ӱĵܵܺͨ˿ҧһݣֺԼСָ֣Լϻһ֯飺һأȫǴȡ˴ʤһΣǵĵڶжˣҽڵͻȻҵһϣҵִûˣ
ºüųСͷһ˷ܡ
Ҫȥô
ôҿһͷôҺϲ
ǮǮ
ۣкö࣡
Ǹ߱˵꿪ˣ
֣ͨصͷҵ꣬ȼסŷͷõúƯǽ϶˻ݲݣǻġ
ۣ
ҲҪ
һȺӻûüȥԼ˼Ұȥͷƿ
ͨȺӣǵȥͷɫʲôĻСƯġ
һȺӶʱ
ͨһ˦֣ɢ尡
һȺ̾͵ؽɢеĻſɿ㣬ͷܣֹţŷǷ磿ŷ۸룿
еĽŲ죬ԱߵСװŴ˵ôл̵ƶûģ
ԱСǳϣ϶ġͨӲƭǣûǮȥһҲá
ŷô˭ҿģ
ǸλС㣡
״Ԫɻȥô
״ԪڲȥԺ϶ҲȥǳȥȻʱ򼶼ȥô죿
ÿһξ룬ظһĶԻһ·ܵŷſڡ
룬ŷſҲȫû½Ҳвˣſں̽ͷ߰˸ء
ȺСû뵽Ҳû뵽
ϻڽŲ廨ԺŵԽԽ࣬һȫѽ԰Ƶġۡ̾
ô£


 97 

½, ȷ𴦵Ҳйѯſڻ۵ġ
ֱӰŻ, һʮĵ߳ɼۣǮԼġ
һ, Ӵ, ֳĻȻǶ̲סŻ˵ҪЩһǸҪЩһ
ĺӱһֶ, Сæڱϴ֡
Ʒⶫֳ, ˸оڳеĶƷļӸСֳľͻȳϰڵĺһ㡣
һ仨۸ǲ, ɵ˻ĵزһʮ仨ҪһǮ˼ۼӣǮֻˡƽϰտ϶ûôǮһֻܷһܵĻ, ɼܲסΧһ
ۿɼļ, ƲͿˡ
еСȷʵǵ㻨Լҵַ̣ɿ졣е˾ûͻȥ, ϲͷ, ȻҲ
µľǹ, ˭뱻žˡ
д, Ž쿪ҵ϶, ־ݡ
˵Ժˣͷ˵ƹ񶼾Ⱥ˺ͷƵġǻôôһûһô
ɶȥˣҲûȺϰͲҪǮһ򰡡
ͷһžǮ, һ򶨵ģƹѯǽϵĻһǮ
ƹ̬ǼõģҲ˵˸ףλӣĻȫǸСģԭֻټҷˡ忴Ʒʣʮӣܷöꡣ䡣ҪøõĻǧǶܸ
λǮСӾָ׶ˣǧǲȥǮ
ƹЦЦ̬ɿﻹŵֺãÿֵֻܼǧġֵܼǧĻ󣬶Ǵ˼ͷһƬҶӶҪۣҪȥ󲿷ֻҶһ
˵ˣȷʵ⡣
Сͷ˵еǡļ͡ࡷô˵ģ
ƹشĻʵ鷳ҪĻüмҶڡҪʱˮȣע¶Ⱥ̫Ҫϸŵġ
鷳۸Ҳ͡
λǮСӱҪֱʲôֻһǽϵĻʮǰɣˡ
ԱԻģ׷׵һ
һʮٶˣѼܶһС˼ҡ
һȺ̽ͷ̽ԣ뿴λСļҵˣô¡
æµĸĶλŮӿ˹ȥеһ򻨻
ûòӴŴǾĳּ̼ҵŮ
һλСҲûа˻ȥƹǶͻĵط̧װʲô鶼ûӣȻȥ
˭ӣ
֪
ǵİɣв˶ڱ⡣ǰЩӽϳһʱ˻صһˡ
˭ὫԼСӴϾǣ·ˡ
٣˶˭֪ͻĻǼͷСӡ
һȺ߶߶ȫȥˡ
ԭǺˡ
ʱȤͷ᲻ԼҪĶҪУڿĶͶ˺ܶࡣ
˼ɳȥûһܿ˻̫æˣǴôˣΪԶô
û뵽λ˻СӲų˻ţתͷû˼Ϳ
ͷ죺ǵĶ󡣡
ǰڴ²һȷʵǽˣⱱϵĸһľǡ·˶ȷʵܲʹͻģÿŹټҴߣҲܲס
ò˾ǣĶĶӦ
ǾǸɣɵ·һˮ㣬ʱԸ߸߹ƮϾĨǾ˶ˣͣҪˮ
Ͽ
ߵ봩ʲôʹʲôˣҴᱡ͸˿Ϻ¶һܶϲѧĴҲԼٸĹ
˾ǣͼǸС㴩㣬˴ؾصģװװҲ⡣
оǳʳ˿֮ͨغһǶʳԽԽƫһף񾩳ϲͷӡ
óǺóԣǳԲ̫ϰߡ
ϳԵø⣬뵽׬Ǯʲô̡˾ǮʲôܸˣȴҪǮܹһӡ
Ҳ̫Ѱˡ
ס⡣
ΨһĸˣԼǾӬϱȽٶˣٲŸָ߰ġҡҹҡ
Ȼֻڽû
ϻ࣬ȴûһһһǽ϶ġϲܼŸĻ˭뾩ҲУƺÿ
ǻ̫ˡ
Ҳ󡣡˵ţɹˡҪʳпȥʲôݡ
˴ǮһԼʱԺ۷ȥ
סԶûⷿ㡣˵¿״ԪסĵطҲġ
ߣ˭ڼſԺһ̧ͷֱײһˡ
˴ظɾһࡣ
СֽŽסԹԽһүү
Ϊүү˾񻹺ãü͸һӵǡСͷѯһȥˣ
Сʵش𣺡ȥ䡣һһ¿ȥһ
үү΢΢ף˶ָһȥһ˳츮ȥ͸ɲҪܣȻͷ߶ˣûпѰ㡣
СӹԹӦʱ򣬺ȻۣףǻǸô
үүӦһ顣
Сȷʵ֪ȺҪʲôɡ
ʵ˵ţүүҽ򻨻ạ̊́˵ǸŮС㿪ġǶءҪҪȥѰݸ
үү΢㶣С㿪˸̣
СӦǣ쿪ҵ˺öġ
үүƬ̣ٶȿڣ㸸һ¡Ҫ˳츮£ȥѰ
СӼԼϸСˣǵ»ûԼֵķݣʧֱšүү˵Ļŵ߻Լ䡣
ʵϻ͵ˡ
İƲ룬޲˵ϰƶвԽԽˡൽøַ˰Ϊأǿտյ
үүǰŴµĽʿһ磬˴ƵһˣͽϡӵֱϾȨȥ˳츮
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪ֣үүϾǸعԱְݣүүԺ͹үһϾġ
Ǽûأߺˣֲ鷳ô
СԹ벻ףƲƲ죬ٺȵˮ
ʵ̫ˣ


 98 

ҴСھ￪һһ̡
һ²õúסһ, ͷĶȱҾ¡Ϣͨļﶼ˵, е棬ȴҲΪ, ȥһ۵ʱ
˳츮Ϣͺͨ, ֪£, ûʲôʾһ̶ѣŮҪϲ, ֱӾȥ, Ҫǲ⣬Ǿ͸ûν
Ƚϰȣûʲô飬һ, Ƥһ
, һʲô
ŵ˼ĸĬĬһСֽմ˰ˮԼһƿ, ֱ
ø, ųȥҪЦ, ôʱ, Ҳʲô, ΢һҲǲС
һƤ¸ģÿһݹĶҪŸ³ʲô
ͷ֪ͨеطس, ͷһ⣺ˡ
ȥĵС︸״Ͼǵĵطүү
ͽϴ󣬱ǲܵģе˵Ժû˵ˡ
үү뵽ǰȹд񣺡Сظˣ
˸Ͻ˼ҲǧǣΪ£
ظţ
أСҪأžᣡ
һ֣ʱʲô顣Щ쳯˵⻧һ£֪״Ԫʲô״̬˽ڴʵʲô̬ȣӿ
ͻȻһϹ̡žᡱֱǽһѽĵɡ
ҪҪӹѽǸҪ顣ӣһͷ׼ᱻžһԱˣһãȫҸ
ѹ۶̫¡
ܶʶ֣ʶֵĲ˽£Ǹû⡰žᡱʲô˼ȻǰҲǸ飬һֱѧ֪ʡ
ظֱ˵ˡ
νžᣬǴһαƲᡣ
αƲǸѵ飬Ϊÿʮһ£ҪǺһصĶԲϣǾǸΣͷġҪǲ鰸ǿǵԴ顣
ǺʵϣҪ쵽ȥǵλѾ졣Ѱûλеλûɶȥֺѡ
Ҳס˾Ѭģɴһα죬һͼ
ظ˵һ֪
˸ӣ˵˽
ĸ׻¸Żֺ£˽ԼĲһϣ˽˰ƲдҾˣ⻧˼ҵﵱȻͲý˰ˣһ֡
ȻĸףһⲿûŵĹˣ˽֣˰վͲǮԷʹ򵽶Է
λǮˣȥ١
˹٣µӲý˰ý˰ޣµĵػҪ취Ȼ͹ţԼĳμء
زã˰ûˡ
һٲ绢沢꣬һǮϽˬ͸ˡ
˰һ棬ͷһۡǼҼһҪɵ飬һǮȨˣһͨˣһ͵͵򣬸˿
ôô
ûǮҪҲҪеط̲Сһȥֻ܅̵ΪͷһȺ繴һˡ
˰죬һ⣺˭˭
ظû˵ֻ࣬С񽫶鹹Ϊһʵϱ˱پؿɸ֣˸֣һ굽ͷȴӣòۡ
ʣ֪أ
ظЦйأ֪زǱ˵ΡȻζùŵĵͷߣֺµı£ɱ֪ػ󡣡
ԡ
ǿѹͷߣ֪ϼҴڹȥҲôһСôܶùطôˣҪôۣͬҪôԳ߰ˡ
ҪƢһЩģ͵ط󱣲׼пԡ
̾⣬ЩѰطǶ࿴طʿܹܵ͢͢һҲܲ˶ദ
ظȻ֪ѣΪѣŻϾ
̾±ٻϱȥ¿Ҳ̾ϡ¿״ԪЩ˽⣬ԻƲһ¸ġٵȵȡȾ۹󣬴±ػõ顣
ظѯʣ¿״Ԫ˲ǲʮţ
ͷʮšºɲɣָóǺˡ
ظһ˵֣Ȼ𾴣ǣСٵȵȡ
Ӧ£ظһЩڵ⣬һһظ˴ԶܵǣҪԼû϶һһˡ
ӦԼƤĽ١
ظ̬ȼãʹﰲһЩ
ȽʱӳϿ񣺡лˣ
ͷ˵䣺ǲȽһ˼Щʱע塣ˮǵҪ翴򡣲Ҫ伲ҽ
ظӦ¡
˽ظߺ󣬴ǰĬá
黹治ôԶȷ͸ĵıдѶˡԼ飬תͷҲһⱻд̡дһãǣ̫󡭡
ȷѪ갡
ҡҡͷ̲ס롣
´ϱҪó͢ȷѪ꣬˵λ״ԪȷѪͷأ
費ڿƾٿô۵㣬㽫ظ˵ȥӣҲܿ޼ա
ǣ̫ˣһãǶһСطǷĴ顣
̾˿
ѣΪѡ
ôĥŻ縵ССأ˵ٺҲͦ׵ģ׾Ϳ״ԪԺãʵۿء


Ϊٳ׶ΣǽԼã׼ʰ˶
ʱ䣬ԼڵĵطĵĻ̸ϡõģʱ
Ҫڷؼң̿һ㣬Ҳڻ̳Է
ָȺźæʵϼΪļһһüŪ۸˵С㿪Ļ̽ŷ󡣡
ȥûУ
⺲ֹûȥҪҪЯһȥ
ȥС㣬ղųˡ
˴˵ȵЦֻһ䣺ҼȻôпգ࿴ʮҳݲ࣬Ҫ̫Ѿ£лȥˡ
ˣ
ͬӣ಻ԡ
ǰ¬˱һ£ڵĺԺһ塣ϲںԺķΧûĽޣû˵ıţΨŻԼ˸Ʒԡ
󲿷˶ܻ˵û漰ĲѧһЦзȤ
ЦŸˣ͵뿪˺Ժ
Ųᣬŵκˡڹɵϰߣں֣ĽŲɻһֱչ˵ĸо
ڻؼҺȥ֮Ȩһ¡
ȥ̫ã˾Լ̫ڣҲ˾ԼеϸųҰġΪ˸ȥģͻ˾ḡ
ؼҵĻȻ׾һˣڼģûɻͦġ
ôȥɡ
һΣԼЦ
һղ
͸İ㷨мûˣ̫档ɣǰһһ˻ؿ·ͻ⻳˵ӡ
ʱٿЩͺáĻؼҺͼͬͲپˡ
ߣƲе㸴ӣƽʱٻ漰˵ͨһ㣬һŴĻݣȻܶΪ˱˰ۣڴ١ǻȨأͺѲ飬ȫҪطϷѲʱ⡣أȴҲѽ⡣

 99 

ԼûرŮ鳤
һû, ˡϵ, ںԺŸĹŸ, Ӹ˿̽Ϣ, ѰҰдɱĵˡ
жԼԻƵ˽, һͼС
ʼӵһΪһ볯õ, װɵװɵ, ˴롣ǻʼӵôУںԺſڶˣȻѿײ
Ҫ˭ںԺˣ˵˴Բ, áתͷûʲôӦ, λʼӵܾͻᱻ˸ˡ
ͷöС鷳û
ڰӿĴ, ӭקһ֧ճӰͻ
һ, ˳ܿпֵܳ, 谲뿪Ժ, Ѱǰ
ǮҲһʿ, ֪ʲôʱܷǮ
Ǻܸеķš

Ĵ߽
ſֵص˻ʵЦ
ڲȴûôУÿ˶æµЩ¶æµһæµ顣ǹŹǰһ, ԽԽΣա
ģµȻͺ⣬׼ӭӹ¾͵
æµĵĻ¡״Ԫ£Ƕ֪ġȫɸڹӲ㣬ȫɹ´
±վŵԶֹˡЩණͷ͵ƽ塣żдӷģΪǸԲûɡ
ھһСӣȫ´Ƕʮֵġ
ϲѡȡǶѡ˻ʵۻʺʹ͵Ʒϣһ
ĲǲæֻһڣܸһĻ硰СôܲԼĻ¡ǳҪĵ¡ȵȡ
黹ܸһӣ˭˭ҹ̫ԼĻ£˸оǳ޼ޣùŶϲпᡣ
Ĳ̫뷨˼⡣÷⸸ǲῴ͹ῴ費ˬһ߶߶ڶ߲ͣͷۡ
̵æĶԳﱸȻ÷ɿ졣
طȥһ׼·ȥԺԼЩݲݼʪȣ˳ˡһȣǲֱӽģҪô峿ҪôϽ
õĽʱһ磬ʱ¶ȲߣָһϣˮȲֲĸֽֽʪԿǵһ졣
ҲҪǿ¶ȺʪȡˮһԣҪǸɣýˮҪǱȻҪûлˮųɡ
ˮ̫Ӫ̲ˮ̫٣ֲܶ￹ǵĸתͷήɣԿƯĻ䡣
ӣԺĻ㣬ԼķϷӵøϽдˡ
ѳ͵ĻݶԣͽʱڣǻҪ֡ӵзķǻһ㣬Ҳúܶطָɾ࣬ټ
ϰһ뵽ֶԼиʳԼĲãȥɼһЩ
ԺӻһȦһ¼ӵֲҶӣȷûۻ鷿
ΪԼС㻹Ҫȥæ˵С㣬ҲһˣϢµȳԷɣ
ĲϴɾԼ֣û£Ҿȥдϡ
飺
СѾͷԶϰ߲ԼС㽫ִʹߡ
̲ס˵ţС㣬ŮôϹעЩأ
Ŀ飺ŮʲôϵѲΪŮӾͿԲˣûѧֿ֣飬ָŶķӽǣƾҲǲʺоô
סֱ˵ˣ
ĳԣҪ˺Ͷķ㶼ϡ
飺СҲһڲͬ
ۻ鷿һֽĥīϻؿһӣʩʺɱ档Ѱ˼ŸĽĽҪϺõ˷ࡢࡢȮ࣬һʯǼҸû̫ˡ
һĥīһ
鷿ﻨζԺﻹŨԼСر˵һǿڲˡ
ڶһʯϸĩļּǵÿˣ徭ҪôҪôߵĴûпɱԡ
ǵƺúҪܷⴢ棬ʱٿɹЧĺܺá
Ļʳɷ֣Ƕ֪һ㣬ʲôطʵ׷ʸϷʵȵȡҪЩ޻ȫΪǻѧ֪ЩҪôƲźãֻϹһлʣڵķϸһЩ
Ҫ㱣䣬ܳɹ̬á̬ζСһ㣬ͷˮֱáͷҲܷһЩζĹƤҪǴ˼Ժãܵ㡣
ŨһҪע⣬Ũ̫ߣֲ̫˸
ˡ޵ķز٣ͺڶҲǻҪеģͷܼһ㲻̫˳ԵĶ߶ëѪټӵڷǵȿ
ҪҪƫԣƤǼطʣͷͷǶԲƣɲݿԲвҶϡϡ
Կɻʣ
ԽдԽ࣬ԽܽᷢԼװ˲ٶġ
С㣬óԷˡһѡ
ĻȻ񣬵ͷٿдֽ߰ţֱգգۣԼܸղű踽壬һдô֣ͣٶûС
ŶԣԷˡձʣµĻͷд
ȥϴһ֣ȻԷߡ
·ûԶӭײϸһķ衣
컹һٷ
ܻὫԼ÷ǳɾ࣬źԶϸһӵζȻʵһӵīˮ鱾ζ
ġһľЦ
ߵߣ΢΢ͷϸϸŷģ첻ǲָ˵㣿
ûߣüҲһû仯ı仯Լսָ֡Щ˺ֱܶ࣬۶һʱôǣ˿ڵĸܡ
ûߡһЦ⣬Щ컨̿òһãɫ͸á
ǰʱʱתɫתá
Ȼ佱ĻǼ٣žлϲ
ɫҲáĿ佱裬Ժӹò
ͷǲ
˵źӪķϻȴ˵ĿǶԷǻﻹСèצĸо
ǳԷȥɡ裬ϲ㣿ƺϳˡ
ʾֻҪ̫ͺáٲԸס
̿Ц


 100 

, ڼ, ȫŨ㡣
רŵǲô, 컹ûôܸ, 壬˵߲ȥ͡
ﴩźܼ, ··ͳˡղôϻһƣ, θҲ̫áǿź, תͷͳԲ£ϯˡ
ζأܲס
鱾һѵĻҪͷ˵Ͳݲ, Լ»ͷȾ, ͸ϯˡ
Ͼʣ¸ĺͷ裬һһŷ
˶, ҲԲô, ʣһ롣
ԼС, ԼҪٸŹﲹȥ, ﻹûʮ, ȸʮСܱԲġ
ҲԺãǶȸ˽ʰȥ
ϳ˷ˣ˲ˮԼһʵĹϹ
Ϲп̣ڰڷ˱, ˱ġĹϹڷԣֻȷһӣ÷͸ǰڿտյ
ڱϸп˿ǻʱ򣬱Ѹտ˾͹䷹ˡ
ܾûԱĶˡ
С˺ܶ࣬лרϹ⣬ųսֵϷֻȥǰûǮ·Ϳһۣ߿
Ա㣬ǸøɵʲôС˸øɵ飬ûףֻܱΧߣֻܸ졣
Ÿģ컨̺æʲôҪҰæô
״ԪɿæˣҲæȻҪæ
ŷЦЦеæҪȱվǣٲøҲȥ֡
ȫﲻæҪʱȥԺķͷ
˻̣ĻԱȸղųԷʱһЩʵп˹⣺ⲻһ̫ҲҪǻӦô죿
ڻã˶죬ǿ϶ṩӦϵġ
ǾֻֽֽҪѧͷˣֽ滨᲻ȥǰڼɱôǡ
ֲҵҵһöٶ࣬ҲֻɽһСʯӵҪȥǽ⡣ȱˣµһڿ϶
ڲһȱˣȻҪ߼ȥҪһʱ䣬ܶ򲻵ȦضũΪרֻġͻ̵ƹ˵Ҳô㣬ͷ˿ô죿
Ҫˣͷ𽥼ˣʻֲܷžõģָô죿ȫôѵ
ľѡ
ʼõһˮȻǲˮġʵֻȸ˵ø˿ա
֮ǰû뵽Ļĺ˵šĸƺʲôԼţڸİ£һж˳òС
һҵ꣬˺Ķҵ꣬ŮһֱǰˣǾŮЧµĶ
ˡżǺ˵һССıԹתͷȥ£㲻Ҫġ
ԭտʼʲôһͷˮȥãȻ
֣ȻҲ̰ˣҪģҪġ
һ񣬾ĺܿͺЦ˵ţдϵķӣٻͷȥϿҪÿĶϻãҲá
޵£ΨӲſԽ⡣

û⣬뵽Ŀ϶ãﲻʲôæ˵ͽһ˶ѡ
֪ˡ賯ŸĵͷҪ￴зϷӾд㡣
۾һҲзϷô
ͷԱԽԨӵм顣ԱƷԽȥӦ鼮裬ԨѧʿְߣٹԱн޻ںٹԱΪ˴һ٣Ͳ裬ֻͷˡ
Ķ˺棺ǿܳô
Ӧԡ汸бīǮܳ
ڹְߣܿޣةǻְˣû˳ȥԨ˼˵ʺԺͬŽ鿴
ȫȥԨЩĿҪΪƷûҲܿģȥʺԺͬŽ衣
ġۡĽˣȥá
һεԨѧʿÿʶһ£˳㹤Ԩѧʿ޶ԱƷǺԺĹԱתȥģǼְ
ڵԨѧʿһͷʵȨҪԹԨճάżʵ۵ʣһϲְλ
룺ϲȡָԨѧʿͷԺһЩ
һæҡͷ˲ˡ˳ȻͺãֲϲմԨġ
ةΪһ仰ҪȥͼݹԱֱǴСãɱţ
ĸûǹ費ةĿԡ˵ة֮λעڷġһǧʷة࣬Ȼǧʷɡ
Ϊ飬ġ
һʵִȨڼ䣬лкܶة࣬Ǵӱддǳ˸޷ľ硣
·һʱ벻ǿһ㲻ҪΪȥԼ顣
СƯر棬Ԩѧʿᷢʲôһ
豻̬Ūö˶٣漴Цһ˳Ȼܵ͵ܵ㡣
ŷ
ԭںԺɿȻתͷȥ˻ɣһ£Ϊ飬ɹתΪةࡣ
Ķʷ˽Ⲣ񣬶Թְ˽⣬֪ԨѧʿͷһεҪְֻǲϣ޷ʩչ
䣬ϵıòˣȡӳԡ
Ϲ࣬͸ԵĲһȼġ
Ĳ֪ԼһһСжǩӴţһһ顣ûȵĵزԱ̫оɾΪٳԵԸ̲ס̰졣
赹֪ǹƷȼʱ䣬һϸǹͷֲϡ֪ǻʵʹ͸ģǻʺʹ͸ĵġ
ھסˡ
ĺ棺óô
룺Уͦ𡣡
ͷк棺Ҳֵ֪ʱûʩʣʩʲôʡ
˵ţ࣬û˵ڡһҲദʱ˵ЩҲ뱩¶ԼڹۼţȥʩʣԼһֱԲ̫ࡣ
ȡϡ
Ȼǩ̫˳һûʹþֱӻ£˸·ϡ
ĵͷҲ·ôôСģ
æ︵Ĵϣ渵һ·Ϻɫ֭ˮȾ·ϣе
ȥСˮæȥǿ׹Ҳˡ
֣ϷʴȤģͻСҪι
ǩӳɹһϸ˸ߡ
ʾ⸵죺
е߳ܣ϶ˣ죬ԹԳԵϡ
ûȸȫ£ǩһ
æһϣֳһ飬΢ڣԼ㲻Ҫιҡ
˿˲á
ߡǰδιĳϣȤζ㲻û¡
ߣ裺Ͷι
ģϾܾʵ

 101 

ļһϵݹ, СԹе㷴ӦóԻǲóԡ
ϸ, СһͶιС˻, Qú޲ðͷȥǿϡ
С, ֳ飬תͷٶȵݹ, æŷ֣ƵߣԡҪҳԡ
Цһ, Ϸ
һҧ, ˬ˸оݶһ¡
ļԼϣ˿Լٽ顣ôһпĹϹܾһ˳ԡ뷨ܺ, ϵĹϹҲֹ, ɷĲôԣֺ, ӾͿ˴롣
ʱڹϹ, ͺԶԶ㡣
Ľǩӷű, ٶ֡
͵۷, ŷ͸, ǻϹʪģĪеšҲ֪ԼڽʲôԼǸղŵܾ߳ûȥ·ǵĶ
ѵΪЩǵô
Ϲ, תͷ顣
ôˮû
ȷʵȥˮˣû뵽ǶǸճҪԡյȥһˮԼСһˮֻ΢һյġ
ԷǶһμʶ˸Ĺġ͵顱
Ůľִ١ɬţôԶ׼
Լ·һᱡ˵ӣо㲻ģ㲻ġιˮԺô죿
ûסԼĹƻ󣬲ͷס˸ĵĴ
΢ŸճԹĹϹ
ζǲġ
˿һλãӽ𣬽ϵİ΢һᡣһڳ̬ϣǱúġ
ĸܵ˴ϵߣٿŷë΢ǻһЦ⣬϶ʱ糺һƬҿܣû˹עǣ΢һ·裺֮ͥ£ʲôأ
źᣬеССڹ߳ܶŭ
΢һ£ղŻûüʲôȶˡ´ξֻ֣
ģ
ֻʲôҪѾӶڲֻã
ָ˵ܺЦ
Ĳڣ̾ϢһֻǺһ̫á·һյƣ붼ɢˣʲôȥ롣
һ˵ĸпʵУûа١
ĺȻûŮգһ˿ԷĹ¡͸һھǵķ裬һڹٳϣҪǺܶ顣󲿷ֹԱҪǵʳס⣬ҪǣԱҪǵ⣬Ҫǣºܶû뵽⣬Ҫǡ
Ψпǵö࣬ŵôԶ
ҪпգԶϳԷıһ仰ͺŪˣͷ˵š
Цá
İûԼ·һһΪ룺ƽղҪ̫࣬Ϊƣ˳Ȼǡ
һһӦš
ˮͼԼСͷ˵ϸ˵ʲôۼԴҪһˡɤӣһС㣬ˮˣȲ·
̧ͷ֣ţ㽫ҾǣԼ
ԼС㻹ûͷ뷨ͷֱҡͷڸû˸˵лȻͷóʲôӡȥˮʪݸԼС㣬ԼСˣٷдϴ
Ҳһʱˣѣɫ찵˿Ҫǰȥ
찵ñնһЩ
ʱ仹ģûȥǵûȥ
迴ͷòʾȷʵûȥˣСæһ죬ҪǵϢ
ĸţϢҲǡ
˫һ£Яߵſڡ
Ŀ뿪תͷۻظҪܿЩ׬Ǯͺˣ÷Ϸһ㣬ٲٵֲεġ

ͬҪ׬ǮǷ衣
ڶ뺲ԺһԼͬ˵һҪȥԨѰ飬λҪ˳ѰģƷߣܿһ㡣
ͬŸ̾ţҲȥǱֽܳīҲ̫ˣеǮǵǮõֽī
ЦܱҪܳ
̾ͬĽˣĿá̶ǶҲ㿴飬д
˼ᵽ˼⺲֣ܲܰұ飿ĬңֽǮҳгǮ
Ҳ˼ȴƫԿ˼һ²ſڣԺܶ࣬ҪҲҪģҿ˳ĬǿԽⱾȥܳǮŸһЩǡҵһҵıīѾͳɡ
һȺѧ軹ˣ׷ӦʼͷдĿ
⺲֣𼱰ϾͰĿ㡣һʿһͷдһ߶Է˵š
赱Ȼ
һԽ࣬׬Խࡣһ˸ǮһȺ˸Ǯÿ졣
濵Ⱥ£ĽҲ뻨ǮдԼر뿴֣˷ϣֱܰҼĳˡ
ĳķ費׬ǮԴһȱ
濵층һ¡
濵￪¥ȻҪˡⶫȻһ㣬ֵöһЩ˶һͷ۵顣¥Ĳĳ̶ֳ˵Ȼ̸ӡ
Ƭ̣濵һ֣Ǿ¥յĲ˶ģ
濵û뵽ͻȻھ¸ջеԶ
죬Ǹһ£Ǻ;ũԼÿ½ٲˡ϶ˣ㱣ζҲҪʵĲˣҲСרů۸ܶࡣ
ʣҪǳԵ˶أ
濵ЦǾֵ㡣ҪǳԵ٣ֵ㡣ũôֱҪֶ٣಻̫ࡣտʼղ׼궼ܹ
ţøĺӦҲ⡣
ֿ֪ͷɻרֻ費֪ҪٻΪûκأڵ˹٣ǿõģ㻨Լ֣ҪǱרֵá
ֻ
ⲻǸСҪô
濵һ˷뷨ŷ輷üŪۣΪ
ЦЦ˳ڽ£һｵһ
濵һ㶣Ц
һһｵһ
濵ԼǸױŭӣϿɲһｵһô
Ц֣ҽؼҾͰȥʣ֤ʳһƬĺ
ǰлǾͷ֣ڴл


 102 

æű顢顢׫, Ҫﱸ۵, Һ濵һȥѰʵĻ
æŻͷԼĻõ⡣Լļ㰢̸ƹС, Լֱ귨˱, һ㡣
ƹСΪֱʶΪȥ˿̽˱, žȷʵãȻǳѧµַ
⼸Ϸ趼ûԷ, Ҳû֡
ҪԷ, Ļᵣķճæ˸ְ϶æġ
ת۵˾ա
۷ΪСʹ󽲡С٣С볼٣רŸʵ۽, һһͰһΡǹһ, ڶ࣬ÿ, ÿѮһΡ
ͽԵ, гµĴ󳤼, ҪΡĴ󽲴Ӷ¿ʼ, ڿƾﷱ, Զ˵ƾٷ顣
꾭۸տʼʱΪ˽㾭壬˵Ķǵϵ⡣ʱţǷгЧ, ȫʵ۱ˡеĻʵ۾ʽеĻʵڷܣ۵Ľھ͹˳¡
ʵױʫ飬ʮ㣬˳꿴ؾۣΪֹھϱֳڵĹԱܵõá
ܲδ󽲣һҲǾǷܴƤܹעŻܹעתĹؼһ
Ժ̶⼸챻γ˺Ժѧʿɡ
źԺһڹԱٹλòúãٽǰĽ̨Ҳ˸׵麲ѧʿ۲Զָķ裬΢ͷ
úһеһλ̶Ҳ˷衣
˿̵ķǵûмҪʵۺͰٹٽεĽšʮţȴʮɵģЩʲô˵ڰﺲԺͬȥԨ鳭¼
̶ֹֹʣʮ꣬᲻̫С˵㣿
ѧʿԼͬţλ̶һ䣺ʮڸʲô
̶αʾѧ顣
ѧʿʱǲƾ٣Σ
̶΢㶡ʱѧôģԼƾٲˣҪ룬Ȼ꿪ʼ׼ǣβߣҲ߳ɰϡ
ʵҲ㲻øߣ˸ʿ֣˺һߵ̶λáʶúãڹٳҲһȥúãĲһ
ˣòǰͷһûһá
вܣ˵һǽÿһϣе뷨ʵҪηη긴꣬Ұ
̶ͻȻЦʮ꣬񡣾˲ңıȷ״Ԫϧ˵ûһ󷴶һġ
ƾɶ˼ʮͲа
Լʮ궼ˣ˷ȷʵȥԡ
̶ͨɺѧʿѡ񡣻츳ˣŸܹͬ˵뷨
ڷԶֹԺڲ
йԱԷ˺棬Ҳ֪ξ۽ʲôЧ
ةڹ̶λϣڣƺ㲻ĽľۡĹԱΪ׵飬λ鸵С
ǰ۽ΣʵȵȻٹٽվһտ糯ͻҪվۣԳ˵ͦ۵ģ𽥸ģĳϲѧĻʵǶͳ˳ȵʵۺ
ڻӣǰǻ̫Ӳеλ굽ʮĻӽԿɳϯ󽲡Ļ߸СʮĻӣʮ塣ڰٹǰͷ˻Ȩλ
ͷĹ븵ϵЩʱջ˵˷裺˵⺲븵Сϵ
ЦӦпɡʮ幫ƷһʡףЩʱվͶӡ
æ֣ϲϲ꿴ܳԵϲˡ
Ա߼λ׷׵ϲһһЦˡ
ة̧ƤҲ븵ϲзִ磬ϲ¡
ڿ衣
ةһ䣬øҲԵһ£Ϊο䣬ʱ׼εķ裺ĲͦԼӵġ
¼ݵ
г̼վӭʵ۵ĵ
ۺǽΪ˶࣬Ҫάֺó档ʵ߸Žжʮ佫ڲࡣ佫Ǽ崩Źۣ࣬Էͻ¹ʡ
վһӭʵ۵ĵ
ʵλ£¹Աչٷֱʵ۰ӣչ顣
һºˢˢߵףμ¡
һ⣬úܡ
ʵλϿڣ
Ƕķ裬£ⳡۣص÷״ԪλҪúˡ
ڳ˻ʼңСľǷ衣ʵðٹٺú轲Σ˶ɱļӸСǲ̻ɣȴ̲סǴɻ
Ψбķ貢ɻ
ϻʵΪ൱ϰߡ
賯Żʵվ˽̨ǰͷȫڣ¹ʿķţΨǾ٣Ψͣǳվԭ򡣡
һ仰Ƚ˵Ļ䵽λ
û˵ףϾڻסתһ٩ͣԭɵĴڶȻٹԱǴЦ̲סЦҡҡͷ
˵ţǰҰ˺ΪʦŵڵϵһֽƻԣȴǳΪԱԣ´ɵġ
ŷһһУЦá
º˵˵ˣɴʵۼ䣬ʵ۵Լˡ֪رӣе㻳ɷڱղŻʵ۵ɱ
迴ٹԷɵ̬һգӻƲһ˵չȥ¡
Ʋһܾá
ûϱôϱˡ
ʵôġ
ʵۺùôùܡ
˵ƲȱǮһ¡Ʋֽ⣬Ǯȡ԰գ֮գеȻһƲߣɴһǧһ迪ھһ̣ը˶ֱͦ
ʲô⣿һһǧô
ĿɿڴˣԼεȤζҲˣ˵ƲǮŪһ¡Īڽǣ⣬١ֻܶܳԴ˱ȫ»Ʋᡣ
ʵЦݵȥ
ʵ֪㣬ȴҲû뵽ѵȻƵز
ʵ֪ٹȴ˭֪ġڻƲᾹᷢ˵顣
ֺûƲ֪Ȼ֤ɶԣȻҵ´۸ĻƲᣬϻĳ»ĳμأԴˣ񡣡
˵ȫԱҪһ㣺¿ƽƽ棬ֻǸƲ۹ٵ⣬ʵȴܷĴ⡣
˽Ϊһţ˵ʮӵĿ⡣
㵣壬ڱصá
ȫȻһ˵µ˫
ƺ
ǻʵۣŽлʵۡ
轫ֽ̿˾⣬⣬ҵ⣬תײ㣬ܹϸ¿⣬ȫ˰ٹ١
Ǹ߸ϣΪ˰ա
ǿɻǵã۵Ҳһƽͷա
նޱһڷ°Ҳϻۣһڷǧ轲˼ʱ΢ơ
ԭȪˮɤҲ졣
һעѽֿʷ֮ϡ


 103 

ȫǵ˲֪һۻôķ籩
͢ٹ֪
ϲ, ÿһӶĿ, ·ƽһף˴ӰȵըǴ󲿷һ, һδӽ֪¿ưȵĳ͢, ±ʳʲôӡ
ûʵĹδ, ȴ˳ڿľ
Св, ý㡣
ԼƹܵⲿԼ˽, ȴҲû뵽ĲҲ١໥ԼĵжԷȴʶԼҲҳһѣòС
ʵû쮻𶼺ܺˣûһ, һƬô
ν, ÿԱԷĿͬ
еķŷ裬С, ѱССȫ˱, ͷһĶȻˣеľ÷ʵ, ѭ򽥽ĵе൱ο, ñˣе൱, ÷νʿ
ʽ뷨һ˷˼⡣
νʵûټ, ó˼ӡĪ⣬ĪҪĸˣ
ة뿪ʱͬڲ࣬ة˵Ż
ôҲ̲סѹʸ飺Сôȿ
ʵȻָܡ
ȴЦ⣬ܸ⡣ۻ˶ʱ̿ƲͼףҰģܿ⣬Ҫ·š֪˵Ȳףҡ
˵ˣڳԱ˭ûбǣ
ʹԤ⵽жԷ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ㲻Ϊ˵ġɿʢʵ۶úܣÿһڱ˵̽ȴ̫Խ
ڹԱ̸۵Ļģ⺲֣ӦŻʵ۵ĸߵȡ
ʵ۶ԳʹͣһʹͣһëҲʹ͡һ÷νʹеʹͣƷա
費ֵܱԼʲôӣÿһȻʵ˲ѧ
һйŮڵ̫ʵؿڵɫĽϴ֣̱ϻз
ⶫͷУͷټҪϲ֪ģܻὫˮﻮһ£ֱӽˮһǰˮˮ
лʵָ費ҪװԼҲҪԼͱֵԼѧľͳɡ
лʵ۲˵˾൱Ųᣬϲ˻ҪסԼıϢ
дųĬϢС
˲ڣڻʵ۳˲˺󣬲ŶԼǰĲˣŻʵۺʱŻῪڡԴӽ󣬻ʵΪֹûж˵һ仰ƺڸղŵĽС
÷Ͽβһûôʽʵϴ·Ѳʱĳ͸ĳһɵĳۡҳžͺ
оƣʵȴξδմ
ʵÿնСüڣ顣
תϡţŵѬζǷϲζڸϲȻһ㻨㡣
⺲һʲôĹ٣ʵ۸¿ӣڿڷˡ
ϴһЦ⣬һλǳͰĳѯ뷨ȷȴҲΪϣȷˣȴҲֻ֮Ϊá֪Ǹôˣòá
Ÿ¿ӣηһŵжĹ١
ʵ۵һôһش
ٹΪȨƵλٵ˺ܶ࣬ڼͷ˳ΪٵҲܶ࣬ΪΪٵһ١˽˲˽ΪȤ
ŵЦһ֪ɹ޷Ҳ벻Щ˵ڴҲһǡ
ʵף֪ܲж棬ǲǻ׺һг𱨳
ж˵ԹٳȨִţִţͼʲôɾͣײǽҲڡ˶Խ㽣ϣƱж񱨣ϣ̫ƽ
ûٶ˵ʲôԼĻǶ
ʵۼ˵ҲԶ˿ʾ⣺԰ͷķ˲θڣ
ЦһسʳⲻԼԶˣͷӳ̰죬ҳԷ
ʵ˷Ļ̴ЦһǺܻ˵
蹰˸񣬼ӳԲˡ
Եòˣڣ죬ٶϴ֡
ʵһе̾Ϣζֲ̾⺲ֽ˵һΣһѵ¡ֽΣ
蹧ֵͷµΪǰٴˡ
ʵ۾÷˵˼˵˵ôͰٴˣ
û̧ͷ˵ţӭʹʮƥ˿ҪεȣøΪɣȫ֯Ȼ˾ٱȻ°ʳ٣ִɣҲ˭Ҷ֯ȻԹ
Ǿ
ʵۼţţȻأ
˵һ࣬û˽ҪʮĶɣʮĶǱȻѡʮĶɣܹĶǾͻ취ĶֳʮĶɣ
ʵ⻰ĥ
ˮΪ˷չ֮ơ°ʮɣ߳ҪͿٹ£ɣ񲻾ܱʫ飬Ϊ·ǽѣ
˵źŨĹƻԣʵ۵뷨״ƫ
ڻʵۻеǣܿ췴Ӧָ˵裬ҡҡͷ˵ɣ찡
ǷԵø΢ȴް㱰΢֮⡣
֮ԣˣܺΪǮƺ͵ܶԽԶΪ϶Խһ㣬ʱܵ١
ʵ۲ò˵Լı˵ġ
ЦһϷʿڣҪţվأ
ʵ۹Ц
ɲ۴ԭվűɼţΪҪ̹һ㡣ٹˣûϰôܻأ
˼ʵ۵ͷתͷѯԱ̫࣬޼ǵǰЩӣͷмƥ֯𲼣⺲δɻ飬Ѱ˼ƥԺϲ
΢١
Ա̫ϸӦţ´ơ
Щȥʵ۰ڰ֣ʡϸ˼Щȫ¡Ҳ͵ķ
ʧЦߵллʹ͡
˺첼ٶߵл󹧾£صúܡ
·̫ϸŸղʱÿһ仰ԼԼÿһΪʱʱ۲ŻʵۣƾŶʶܻܸ֪ʵ۵
ǰͷ·̫ཫ˹ſڣ⺲ߡ
賯̫๰֣л
Ϳġ
תɫ˫··ۣſôûҲ͵


 104 

ʹ
һ㶼ŷ, Ǵ, ʵȻܵųӵ淭ơһߣʵʺǶȥ, ûŷӡ
һ, Ů˽¡
·ߵһ룬ȥʺǶ㡣󹬲ò, Լ໰ʮͷܳ͡Ǻ£ǿڵʮ
üһȷʵơʺԸ̫, ֹһ, ʵס
ʵ۸ĵֱۻԼ޹ҹ˭Ƕȥ౾Ъ¡
ϢͨģڻʵԸ˯ʱ, ͷ׷׸Ъˡʺ޹ƻ, ȻûʽЪ£Ҳˡ
ױж, 鱦һױ̨ϡȥһݻ, һƻ, ܿóӺݻĵӡ
쾭, 轲˴, ϻ硣³ʵ۲Լˡ
鵭һ顣ѦûôЩͷС鲻٣Ƕͦ֡
ֻż, ЩȤ
ԼҪǲһֻʲôӡ
ʫʫҪǻţԼһദʽ
ڵ̫ˡ
Ҫ顣ڱѯʣʮӵһЩ仰ͦ˼
ԵԼӹ˵㡣Ӳ࣬ӹʵеû᲻ɢ㣺ĿĻ̣ȥ
㹧ػȥˡר˻ŸС㰲ȫЩⶼúܺãѰ˼ҶһΪ١̷˻
ʺӦһû˭µ֣
ܵ͸ŵ㲻䡣
Ӧǡϻص˸ףûѰ˳֡
Ļָʱ䣬˶û֡ʺվĺ㡣
ûӻ
ʺ̧ۿ㣺ˣ˵ʮֻèؼң
Ӧǡ½һֱ̫ãʮ¾ȥмֻè˵һӾ¸˲١
ʺ΢ͷûȷʵġСûʱҲ޲ȥˡ
̫顣
ʱ˻ףͷӻһû׵Ӿôûˡʮ»̥òĺӣһȥȻδĸӽġ
ʮʱм䶼ôӺ͹
ҡ
ʺ󵭵̾ϢһЩӣͷҲֻèɡһס̫ˡ
Ӧ£

дľᣬСС뷨
鲢ûн۵߸ģڸĲ֪볯ãɳ˼Ϊ顣
Щ컹Ǻæ
æ͵Уƥ͵ĺɫ֯𲼵ͷ½ϲʱԴ
ϧæ͵вûײϸġæ̵飬ûڼԡ֪ԼͷֻðοԼһסӿɾš
ӱֻڵİӱֽܶƹͬѧϰСżչѧУ˵Ժӱ԰æ
̳ûô࣬ʼ
ŵÿǰ濵˵ľ¥׼ȥŲһ
濵ľ¥Сھеƫϡ
ĶҾ¥зǳӡڴڼ·ķ裬ֱӴӶ¥קȥ־Ѱ˸
˭뵽ɲɻȫһҾ¥أ
һ¥е̨ƹǶкһƹæҪβþ¥ϻȥһ˵
ƹŸĵ̧ͷһһϳæϲЦտ񣺡ӴԭǸС㡣Сܺã߶˵ˣ
⻰Щ˼겼õһЩҾټŶ䡣
ƹŻˣôˣⲻʲôӣ˶Ǻ顣㿴ǼСң֪һ֣ϽԼ˵
Цƹ
ƹССھ¥һ䣬ĶһͷǾ¥Ƕһݵġ
СҲϤǸСһϲǰС㣬
Ĵǰ
С˸ĺüأ뻹һǷġ̺͸˵ţС㣬Դ״Ԫν֮Ǿ¥һձһջ𱬡¥ͷ϶á
ЦźСף¥ãΪ˱ͺóԡ൱ӡͷͿȫΪ¥ʳͷΧŻͷġ
С˺ܾãȻϲԼҾ¥ĵĻøˣС˵˵ÿ˾úˮƵġ
ĿסҵֻЦŲٿڡ
¥һ¥Ǵã¥ż䡣
żΪܶ࣬ٽֵҪд󴰺Сٽֵ޴ż䣬ƽûʱ͸пʱ͹ϡ
Ļٽ֣δ޴ż䡣
϶£һ۽ó£Сιż䡣ڲǳԷĵ㣬ż䲢ûȫϡĽٽֵż䣬Ͻֶˡ
СŸ޴żߣȻһ£СҪֽʼһ£ҿȥƹǶá
ıƵģֽʵȻһЩҪģͷˡ
СЦһ鷳鷳Сȵȣ˾ͻ
ĵͷ
СҴ¥¸ġ¥ϡ
ſﵭķ;㣬ûͷѡʱҪѡһЩζ嵭һЩġζ̫Ũֲ꣬ʺϾ¥̻
¥ǶȾƣЦ¾Ʋˣ٩Ų֪ʲô顣¥ϵżһЩ춯˾ó֡
Ŀ˴Ц䡣
ŮӴ¶ɫΪ˷ֹԼϳνֹĸС㣬촩ż򵥣ǹѡӣȾ˵ɫġ
һĻ
֨ƿ
Ļͷ򷢳ż䡣
ŵӿȻͷͨ죬˫Ŀһˮ⡣һСϾơ껹һŨζľá
˸ģŸ¶һΪľƹЦȻתͷҲԼż߻ȥãƣŶƣ

ĺ濴żͷ
Ǹ޴ż䣬żͷһ˵ģ
˴һɵķɫۣȴͷɢžƺֱﵹüӵĻ̳
ǸŮӡ
ֳ󺰣СϾơ̳
ŮӣȴȻŮӵ˫ϡ
˫ûһ⣬ͷƤһ顣ɫ̫ڵԵʡ
еתߣ룺ǾȻŮӣ
ģżŮϸ˫ۣ˸ĵ֣ȻЦû뵽ھ¥š
ŮϵĿӣͷÿӵʹԱߵһţȥС
ȫ벻С˭
˳Ů˼߳ż䣬űϣ˶٣˸ʲݵ񣺡С㣬һ𡣡
ߵǰһ˫ǰܾˣСλʶ֪λǣ
üңͷФ
Ĳ֪˭ȴ֪Фġ
š
Фȴû뵽ǲ˵ز


 105 

Ľ, Ѱλ¡
ų, ڸ࣬վڸ
Լ, ʶȸղһ, ̼˸˭ǸҴС㡣Ů
ĵ˲, ָԼϲˮԼǣʵڶԲס, ȶ˾, κģܼ˭ܲˡ
ĳžЦЦûнӹˮ
Ф·ûղôƵ, ﻹžƱ, һûһţԼǰŮ
ʮŮ, Ϊһǡòϼ, ̬, ʯ, ͬĻһ, Ҳմ·һɫƯ¡
Цһ, ƱϣҼǵνʱ㴩úû뵽촩ôء
ӦһǹΪ׼·
ФͷԼǰɵŮﵱƷζ񡣡
һ˿ӣ˾ˮϻﵱھӵˡȢýһ콫Ƽҵżˡ
ǰФ˵ŹСӦšФӦϴνּһϳû֮ˣ˳мǿļ
ʮҲʮӸ׼ӣʹһδװһδŮװ
û뵽Ф˵飬ͺȫµ˶֪
ФµĿӲȼʣ㽫һŮϡŮϵһ㣬òĵط˳˼ҵŮӣ϶ʶ
һȣǳ治һ
Ф֪ǲǺȶ˾ƣŮӵȴеͣһʺɢ
ĶУȴԼҲ̫ࡣ
ФڼţϲϲϲܡȴϲһԺһ𿴿ݣ٣顣
Цһϲòͬˡ
Фüǡֻû뵽ˣѾͷͷϣڸҵŮӡ
Ӹ£ŵпʱҲҲ
Ц
ǰһЩӣֻȻи˶Ϊӣһã˵Ĺϵ
䣬ȥ˽áﶼȥˣ͸һҲûʲôŻʺｻãûϵҲܲס
ȴûȺ֮ǳһϵܳһԼǸըحԼβ˵ʱбɱΣա
˵ӺһЩ֪ФûʲôøС
٣˵ĻֻԼ͹֮ìܡʺＴʹ¶ʹŹҲûпǰ˵Ĳǡ
飬ͷФĿ׺Ф˵ţһֱûչˣֳɵꡣƽչ·أһֱңܿѣܼͷ⡣
ﾰûв֮գͦͷ˵ʵȷʵ
ФƳ۾
ФߣֺЦФȾôСûþȥһߡ
Ф΢׼̧ţͷ̽ԴСС
СæЦӯӯӦ͹ԵȰϾˡСŸľͷ̣̳ƣֽʺī
ǰǸФż͵ģǸĵġ
ĴλФФ֣Ф¥ģǲФˡ
Ф֧ԼԴ̧֣ͷ۸ģ㻹Ǻһϲ
ĵһôֱԲϲˡԸвƴһϲ
ФЦЦ˳˷䡣
С뷿䣺Ф룬Ҫгôͷȶٽг㡣
С֣ãһȥԸæȥ
Сæűīֽ˳ż䣬żŹϡվ⣬ڵФ˿̵Фüͷ¶ǷꡣԼĲͱ¶ԡ
˵ƺھ¥˭;˸ģ˵Ӷӡ̳Ҳ޷Ļ顣
ϵСŸĵǸС㣬ö̫ʱˡ
Ļع񣬿εСû¡
СĲ˿СФʶôФʱƺ鶼ã͹Ⱦơ
ѹɤ˵ţÿӶһǲ鶼ӡ
΢
ӻŮӣÿնΪ鲻öȾƣ˻ͬôⲻֻ˵棬ûһֵÿսгȾƵˡ
ûʲôۣת˻⣺ֽʻһ¾¥֣
С֪£ӦղФ顣
Ѱһյż䣬̿˱īѾ¥Ĵһ¡е⣬Сˣ̲סЦæװʲôûӡ
Цĵ˲⣬ֻС˵ţþ¥õĻݣһҪŨģҲҪжġһЩ˹
Сɻ󣺡ʲôй
룬Сͣе⣬ȽУŲĶӻߺѡ
СȻѢ
Ĳҽʲô
ֵСĽͣеһһѢе˻ܺȾƣҲһĺ졣С㿼ǵȷʵܵΣҪ˾òԶһЩܱûá
£ⲻô
СһЩëģԶҲӡͷһ˻һǮ
룺ҪɻͼٻԼٻΪɻΪ˻ۣǻٺܶ⣬ϡ
¥ҪǳųСɳ棬ǻôԣ
СһԴСáͷװһ㣬΢Ū㱡ܲá
ҲⷽЩҲҪڵȥ໨ݣҪʩʡȫּ㣬ÿ
СЦЦҪƹ˵˵Ǻ˵һ
СܳȥȥһƹԵȡ
ԭؼ
СˣŶԼСֹС㣬ղФ֡ôһĲǣһ˵ϲͷˡ
û̧ͷзִ硣
һ˽ֵԣܹͷҪֵ飬ɱ飬ɶûꡣ

 106 

в, ϲж
˶ԼϲĺͶԼ, ȫȻ̬ͬȡ
Фӵѡ, ֪ФԼǷﵽԼǸ̶ȡ
˼ͷ, ׼ؼȥʹ¡Ф˵ǺԺ徭ʿ֮һФ˵Ů, ó࣬
徭ʿںԺλͦ, ФھеλҲܸ, ܼ޸ʺ֮ӵʮͿԿ
ʼҡФҺʫʫûֱӵͻǣʫʫ֮еĳͻȻĻģֻĲܺ齲
֪Լûз, ܱܡ
ڻФ, û֤ݣܽ㻳ȥ顣һ໰, ǣ鷳
Ķ˶, ԼµĻղ, »ʵе㿴ۡ
òЩ˵뷨, ±ʸһЩ
Ҫ, ФټҲҪظ˵
ʱһȥС;һزˮһ㡣
ĻȻԶûФúãƽͼûġ¥Լżĸֻ, ۿɼĹؼطǡ
¥ڴۿɼĵطÿѡôƬҶӣ֧ĻСϸĵطǿѡһЩСһС
ɫϻͳһ
ֻɫһڻĽҰܶ˻úȻã˵ԺУʧС
Ժ˹Ӳݴ˸оƯ
нֲķˮʦĳֲﶼйأ̵ʵóӷȻɡ˵
ϰ˶ɫпյĳ룬Ǵ󵨡
СǿЩġҪæдˣԲÿʱÿ̶ڸ߿ţüغ󣬸źܳһʱٽһ¡
Ļ˺üݸӣܾǷȱ±ʣۿʼ
˫ĿʱһƺгЧ
ڱϰĥīҷԼС㡣
ԱƬ̣ۺٻֽԸ飺ֽˣȥƹԼۣиס
Ӧ
ĴţٿղФڵķ䡣ŹصúܽͷȾơ
ûȥźФǣǾֱ˳¥ߣǰƹ̨
ƹ̣˱֪˿̧ͷǸģЦѯʣСɿˣҪʲôҪ˵һ
ʵƹ˵һúżҶˣЩطȫüٻȫøɻ۲̫һÿ⻨Ǯ档
ƹС籨ۣ˵һ´ôļۡ
ıҲˣ¥ʳ٣ܻûմȾ壬һʱ䶼Ҫҵ뷨ƲһǮͷǮ
ƹеȤСϸ˵һ£
ĵ˵ͷƹϸ˵Ұ¥ڲõĴһɼһӣÿżԤҲһǮԹһЩϸ´İ裬ԼĪʮ
ƹͷһ
⿪Ǵˡ
Ļֻ˲ǮЩ踶ҡֽһӾ㹻ÿ¶Ҫ棬ר˹װ㡣òϻ˿ײҪƥǮɫʵһЩմȾֻ֭Ҫϴ˾ͳɣż겻⡣Ǹɻ۸ڲ˿֮䡣ȻҪˣǵ˲С
ƹĥСĻòã
ϴһϴá
ƹʵɻ滨áƬҶӣòʡϴ㣬˿̶סжװȥǡɻ𻰣ȱֱȥ̲Ļͳɡ滨ߣҪˮ鷳Щ
ʵһЩ滨ã˾ˬġɾ˹
ƹе㸴ӣ˸ĵ˼ʮԲһЩͿӣǾûޡ˼ɣ
ĵͷ
ѾǸĸı˼ˣҪ֪˼һҪۣרһ¥
ƹ룬Լû붫һ¡Щ˵̸Ϣô
ĵͷɡ
˫̸ףҲ¥ˡ
ЦźƹǣԼظ
еĻķţй˼βþ¥øгҲϾ¥ԡüٻٲݣǿɲһҪʵڵĻݴС
һףһγԡ
ˣ¥ҪøɻĻ취ȥŪһ
̧ͷ飬Լһʲô֪ӣʧЦֵͷ
ҪǷھͺˡ齲飬˸Լ뷨ûб·Ӧ
صſ齫Լֽŵ鷿ȥſѯһأ
ſ˻˻С㣬ڿⷿǶҪȥ
ܣˣԼȥ
Ӧ
ӸĵĻԼСǰھ¥ֽͻ鷿ǰⷿѰҹ¡
´˿ⷿո͵Ķ
ҪﱸĶĶ࣬ÿղļͷģеǼǡ岻ʣȴҪ϶࣬ù±ϸѿغ÷ⷿĶͷһ©
˵ԽƷģ˵ԼӲʵġ
ǹ̫̣븵ϵ̫ķ裬ͷʵҡڽΪؼʱڣСϳ
һһţԼСЩࡣ
̧ͷ߹ĸЦ֮࣬¡СôȻҪЩʲô
Ŀ۱ϰæۡ
µ᣺СҪĶڿⷿͷ
Լϵ˱Աۣʾ⸵ⷿͷȥⷿﶫ࣬СȥͷҪкʵģһóȥǡ
ЦӦá
½ⷿͷȷͷκ۶ˣһӣ˳ԼղŵĻС㣬ϲĲϡ
ĲɫرǴɫġ
ɫѵá
̲סһѣʶԼµģæջ֣ȥ¥ФФϻعº˵Ф֪Ĺϵ
Фͷ˵Ĺϵ
ü䡣
ǲ죬˵ʲôϵ˰ҲûȻФϲ棬ȴˡƼҺФҹϵһЩһݹϵ˷˺ФһϵҲǺܽ
еɻ󣺡ҾФǺϲ
µͷºͣФֱˬΪ˴ϣܹǾԼЩ˵ìܣƺôҲûʲô
΢̾һˡ
Ļʵһ¡
Ҫ˵еʲôСìܣžھͷʢ̲סóʱȡ½ʾ֭˵Сìô
ľûʲôʱȵģָԼ°ͣСìô
˻һۡ
һĪФϲҵ
£
¿һС㣬ѵ㡣үûô㡣


 107 

֪Զȸ֪ĶࡣûѰ˺ФĹϵ, ʵϸ³˸, 治еڶҳˡ
һȷˣȴûܵõһ, ʧ뿪˿ⷿ
ʧФûϵ, ʧд¼û˺
ף̾
ĻصԼ鷿, Լ̼ĥһ¥ãȥԷȫûнԼФ¸֪͹
Լһ, Լ˿һ¡
˯, ͷỹûɢ
˺Ȼйȥ˵ᣬܿôܡ

ı𴲣ȥ緹
ϵٺǷʢС, ̲˶, ǻҸ⡣ҸⲢǴյһ⣬ղŻе⡣
⵷, ˲֪ʲôʳ, γԴӨĵɫ塣еǹ𻨸, ȴ͹𻨸ǲһĿڸСƺ, һҧȥǱζ
һ, ¸
Ľ촩ǼΪ¡ʯȹӣͷϻ׺˺Щ鴮Դһײһ, ΢ֵƫֲ˻ʺеͶݻ
һۿȥǺÿƯȴ˾ø߲ʡ
Ҹ⣬ųžͽıԺ
յԵʡ㣬ͻ𽥱ãеķ¶СڷԶ
գһ緹ﻹһӡ
д֣֪ͷڽʲô
һƽָֻƽº̬ϸȳԵòˣŷ¿ӣ졣
ߴӲתƳ۸ģգ컹Ҫȥ̣
ӦţȥʲôطҪæġĹﻹвŸ֣ٵȼӦþͻúܶࡣ
顰šһԼٷһҳϲԵģʱǵ㡣
Ĳûж룬ֱӦˡ
ʵϳ϶бĶ˼ȴøҲһ¹˹ϵ΢һЩ
վȥʰһ¾ͳš
үС㡣ſ⺲ſҡ
ʶ˸顣
ͷҲû̧ӣƽû죺һҸС㣿
΢˶٣˵С㣬ѵãԼųȥ̤̤ࡣ
ڷ˵ȷʵѵáЩӳںԺúôţൽ𾪡
顰šһȥɣˡǵöˡ
Ҳ֪Լʲôܣ̲ס̡ԹӦáȳȥˡ
ͬǳţԭǳȥ꣬ڷ˳̤ࡣ
飬Ĺ滮ţ̤һͻԵ㶫ۻصûڵӣһá
ԼṤԼǸС
ĺƤ佱һԼۻطȥõƷԼһֱŵǣһǰǰš
ǰſڣѱãһվϣš
ûдٷǴһ׺صľӣɫǽģϴƵе㷺Űסϲһ˫ΪߵѥӡӲԵ˫Ьеۡ
߳ŷ裬ܾúﲻ̫Ծ
ɻܶ΢ͷſŷü䣺ôԼüĵĺĨˣ
üһ죬ֻһӡҪǲϸ
ĺ涢ŷͷûԼúܽ˸档
Ÿģ˲١һԼüģѧҵ˺ܶ࣬űױϳѺŪˡ
̲סЦʲôͿģ
賯ŸЦ£˳ϷĨϵϡɫɫɫ˵㣬ôɫϸܿóġ
Ķϸһ£΢Զһ㣬ͷǲ̫ó
躬ЦÿλãϳжҪ㡣
Ĳ֪ԼʲôЩȴ˵ѷĻոˣֲھǾסҪǮһ
ţҲһ
׼һȥأ˭뱻⺲ȡѸڷͷߣȴķͷ飬Һ˵ȥĶȷһ·ô
һĪʲô·
ʵˣ⺲֣ϵ·ġ
빪ͷЦ˵ţ·˳㿴ûʲôСϲӡѵóһˣҪȫǺȤġ
ȻŶ
鿴⺲֣ٿ򣬾ԼŪˣæﺰһС㣡
õĸû뵽Ⱥ˹ͷͷܾһ¡Ž층˵ĻԡҿûӣҪĸȥ
ԼС㶼ˣȻûȥİ취
һЦӯӯķ⺲֣ĹͷλϣˣҾ
鲻ã֨ԼλϡԱʾˣż⺲֮ǰԼķǰȥ
Ҫ߷ǳԶһξ룬֪Ѿͷܲܰסһֱͷ
ڣ֪轫֧϶£㶢ŷ迴
Ͼղŷ軹˵жҪø
֪ûжǮöȴǴһСڴڴóʲô
轫ԼһϵĲȡŵϡѺ˺ֻܶ࣬ǳĲǻܶˡִ򿪲ͷһ˫Ьȡŵ˸Ľűߣԡ
ĵͷԼűߵЬס
ЬӰܸߺܸߣźͲȸβࡣЬǲϵģ֪Ϊʲôе
ר˶Ьܷ㡣Ȼǲģˢһͩͣڲúܶࡣ͸˵ţﻹһǸ⣬ҪţƤЬã۸̫ߣʱ𡣡
ĸҲЬٴ
ϵЬĸ촩ģȫȻûǹŮﴩĴҹû˻ųͷɻЬΪ˸ˮһЩͷƤ˻Լ˸µء
ǰľͷͲģˢͼˮѾλá
̧ͷ˫۷Һϲ
ܿ϶ǳϲ


 108 

ѥܽġ
ڸûĲ, ڸ൱ϲ˫ԸߵЬӡԼ˫Ь³ʪ, ЬȥһЩܿܰγ
ľ죬ֱľһЩ, ȥҲŮӵϲá
ﲻÿһ涼̵ʯͷ, вƫһЩĵطûôޣһͿӿ, ˸޴½š
Ьﲻôãʱص, ȴһŮӵ廨öˡ
һֻԼű߱Ȼ
ڱһֻҰ㴩ϡϻЬ, һ³ߴ磬Ӧġ
ѵļƺһǳƫƧĵá
΢ɴۣͼָĽ״
΢̧ͷ, Ȼ̧ţò̫
ദ
ڸԼЬ, ȴû뵽һ죬һ˰ԼЬΪԼ۾, ΪԼ岻, ֻǺ˳ȻĶ˵̧š
һ, ǵڶˡ
, з, ̧˽š
ͷĻѹס̧Ľ΢΢ţǱƵġ
轫ԭľ廨Ь£Ľ, ֪ôûס
ġ
زֹˣһ¡
ЦٶˣЬɫ˿׾ĽЬһ㲻ҪôЬӳߴãһɡǽˣ߸ٳˣܻý
ĲҴ¾ŵЬĶ
һְֻһֻҪǾò㣬¿ԴԼЬӡ
ĹԹԵԴá
Դʶ軰ű˼һ£ǲȥ̤ô
û꣬ƺҲûȽŢҪЬµء
Լλáһɻ棬΢΢Сģж˶ȴûʧ
ûиĽֻͣЦ˵֪ˡ
ʻţܿ˳ſڡ
ſسǵʿƿӼ˺󣬽˷ų˳ţһҪس磬˽ɾͽˡ
ǲŵģԷͼı˳ڡ
ǰͷӦº󣬳űˡ
ļ˳ţԷҪԼȥӺ档ҪʣɼЦ֪貢һҪĿĵزС
ȥأ
ϻƷʱͤӣ
ǽũ֣
ϰն֪ķŷݵص㣿
һѿԣ־Լ̤ܺв̫һΪ̤࣬ϾЯ羰ĵطŴ硢졢·ԳԶ
ǼûдԵģûдġ߾һ˫Ь
ѵ˵ǻȥСϪˮߣ
ļţԴ΢ᡣ
ļ뷨ᵽˣһЦһֱǸЦӭ˵ģЦݶϰߡԸĵʱЦǱЦԴ˵Ц̫һ
ǰǸģȴӶǸġ
ָϸһ죬͸¶ôһ㣬һʾ
룬ͳԼСǮ
СǮһͦڰֵġ
չֱűȽȤ۾ǣߡȵ˵طҾͰ㽫⿪
ĿԼǰĲûеһʱ֨
ⱲӺܳһʱ䶼ûҪ۾ҪҩʶججڻǰЩʱ޴С
Ҫϲһ߳ʧӰ
ҪӦȴͻأջ˲΢㶿裺ôˣ
轫÷ԼСǮУش˸ĵ⣺ʲôϲʲôϲֱӸңղ˵ϲ˫ЬһΪǿԼ
Ŀ裬ȴ费ۣе̫͸
̧ʱ˫´Ц⣺ǰ۾ãӦþֲòܵңС㡣㲻Լϲá
ķӦٶһ㡣
ǲ̫ϲס۾ס۾۾ǲһġң۾ϲ⿪ʱϲʱ
ɵϸøĽסԼﻰ˵еûӦǾûãҪϲҾ»صǰô۾ʲô
һ˵˶ɡ
ͷǵ±۸ߣ˵ۣұ㣿
⻰ֱɵˣʲô
˫סԼ۾ıȻһȻ۵ĶЦźͣҪһ֡ۡĸо
ûףʱʲô۾ʲôˣʲôС¹ײǽ˻ãЩ˿ףȥô·Ȼ浱Լˣûġۡһ£ѾԼͬС¹ײˡ
ɴյˬվǰһЦӯӯġֱۡˡ
Ҫ豳š
ǣбŴأ
׵ĹϵŸղŷ趼˵ˣϲʲôҪԽԽ̣һ䣺Ǿͱš
豾ΪĻ֣شֵһ¡
Цð
£ձ㶸Ȼһ˴ĸܡ
ܿ͵Ŀĵأŵѣ⺲֣طˡ
ǰ㣬ָϸĵۣϣǣ³
жԼҪĶڴ
뷨УѰһ羰ܺõĵطǰùԲҪԼۡۺܿһг롣
ۣԼëβŷġ
ɿһţתǣģ߳
ĽԼֽ˷У̽Ų
ͷʵһһҲûʡСôˡվһԣɷ⺲֡÷⺲컬࣬ںƭԼС㡣
ԼС̫ˡ
ȴûˡһһǣĸģһתָֹסҵĲӣǰһЩ
΢ס˷ĲӡԵµ崥С
ǰ΢һģ˷豳ϡ
跢ָĺᣬ΢ϣһ㣬òСĵȥ
Դڷͷۺš
Լ£׸һ룬ȴֲúͷԶ
ԺҪ׵ˡ
ѯţʲôʱ۾
Ĭһ¡
ñ飬ܿѵƺԼŮţĺڶ࣬˽Ųеѡ
ǿнͷѹ£ŸǰߣԶ߸һӾ͵ˡ
һ˵ǲʵڱֲۣ˵״̬£ʱ䱻ˡֲȥ˶ãʮһٶʮ
΢ģĽŲ΢ûյӯ
ŷϵζԼԵóס
ĵִдžžž
˺óһΣƽȣȴǱǰһ㡣
ɤ͸˵һڿˡ
ۣڵ


 109 

Ŀȫտ
һҶͬҶ, ͬϸ, ̫ͬˢˢ̫, ʶɹ̫
տ񻹱Ϊкֿܶ, ȴǲŸոտ϶ܹӵӵ˼ٵ
в˼йӣ˵ڵĹ𸮡ͰԹӡҲ, ƽջһЩڹͷ˶Թӣ١
ǹ𸮻Ǹ, ǹӶӶټտӡ˹еʱ, ûټ
ӡڸԣӾ͸ȥµʳǱȫȻԵӰ쵽иӽģǾ͸Ҫٳԡ
ļ, ֪϶տġǶûŹտ, ֪ڲֲꡣʱҪǵɱ, ֻ롣
ǰһƬտ, ׳۳̶Ⱦͺǰһͷʿһ㡣ǿŲһġҶӡ, 沿뻮һ, ûܾ
Ǯõõô
ƲӲӵһƬտøĳ, ͷеհס
ڱ˵ţĶõˡֵ˵Ư֪ϲϲҪǲϲ, ĹˣǮ֡
һҪ˫ֲ㣬һҧڷ貱ϣɿںݺѵôֵ֪Ǯô
֪ЩΪĶҵǰСȫ˳Щ컹ͣڸ˳顣ҪһĶʮӣϵ
Ưģھ˶ڳԽ׶Σס
ֻû븵ĻΪĶҧ
ҧĵطۣ΢ϸ˫ۣ¸װͰ͵񣬾ûͦɰ
ҪտսˮŸģȴе㲻Ҫ˷¡
Ļأ
ӷ˵أЩ
Ь·ľȺտķϣӲߵܿڵλãӹ̶Ĳߵͽ۲Щտ
ͷãЩϣԵø
ɫãϸһظСһж߸ߣ̱ƽͿѹƵġЩĻټտܻһֵֹġɼôƬտֻ˾ʵǺÿ
ȷʵǾģûӪʣҲûӪȱ١Ψһȱǻ̱СһȦڹӳԻͣС˵㡣
ڻϣֳ˸ϡ
һϲܵ˵ȫ˴ƬĻСºʯȹӣڻۣûС
迴˰죬ͼĳЦ裬㲻һôտƯˡ
ǺƯ
лǮһ̷ǳֵá
ǶߡƬüˡԭȺ濵һôԼܿ۵ģҵĶײ̸
ߵߣȷʵƯ
Цŵͷš
ûʶʱһ˫أ˵Լ뷨ôܶ࣬ͣܳԡ̡ҶҩãֽԵϡ
û뵽ôãͣ
ĵͷţѹեʵտֵȥáǶʱ䳤ҹ²Ҳ󣬳ĿѻᱥܶࡣǳôõЧʹרѡ֣ҲԶûǶЧ
˼
ǺöǶֲѹեٵǿһ⡣
˵Щߴߴ˵þá
ǵԼ̤ࡱģҲЩǷµģЩˣӲ֣ܻͣܿرˡ
˫һѣܸһСôԺڻ
̫ʺ߲ڷˡ
ЦĶġ
ġһ
ǮɷûʲôǮЩ붼֪϶˷ʿ֧ܻծô˵͸ˣ
ԡԼҲûǮ
ĻǮûꡣ
вСҡͷ̫ˡ
ġ
ȥǼתûҪǮ͸˵һǲĶﵱƸ񣿷׺ġһĶ룬һĶ룿
˵һһ˵ӡܾ񲻶ԣ־÷Щڷ£׺ȳ׺˵
ֻҪһӣЩܷܲ軹ͷɣ
Ϊѵͷͬˣá
ԱΧһе飺ҵĴС㣬ƸĶȫˣﻹһĶ룬һĶ顣ͷֻҪά֧׬˵ǮȫСġ
ԼСͷ⺲ָȷʵܺõӣͷ̾ˣǶԼС
֮⣬ǶܱߣȷͻȻðһˡһνѵµĹأܱ𴦷ʲô飬Ƕ뿪İ벽
ֻǡ
Сͷ⺲ֵĸ˺Ľ

˺Ľġ̤ࡱûг̫á
߹Ķһʱ䡣˫ЬͱŪ࣬Ҫȹ°ڱһСأȹҲ군
ڱһ·ͬûۣҪҪ
˼ԼմЬӲ䵽·ϣܾҡҡͷᶨҪԼߡ
Ĳ⣬ԼϵҧۣҲãʡõ˵ٱҧһڡ֪ҧԲԡ
ôһ˵ֺ֪װûͷߡ
һȦ꣬źͷ»صϡ
ԼЬӣЬҲࣺҪȥ˫Ьӣ
ط˶٣ҡͷ̫˷ˡ
ϱϳĻ׼˫ЬӣԱʱ֮衣룬ӹݳޡ
ٴۣԼ˸ɾЬմЬӺ˳ۡһСֿ̽ǲȥСӱϴһϴЬӣ
˵ڶЦŵͷš
æͷ˵һͷûʲôӵһģ⺲ֵЬˣ΢ϴһϴ
︽Сӵ
ǵĻǺӾǶˮ
һĥת˵Ӧ˸ĵĻ֪ˣС㡣
ת򸽽Сӵû˺͸˵СӵϴЬӵĵ㣬вŵʯͤһ·ǾѧӺŮʱƵĵ㡣
߹٣ӱ߹˶ࡣ
ߣңӪҺ²ڵģһһ֮ӸңòãҪڶҲҪ¶½࣡ң²ҪӪҺģллߵл

 110 

, ֻǹԱѧǷŸ, ȴǶϢˡ
Сӵһ̸Ц˵ʲô
Զͤвȡ̿, һѵĶͷӵһĵط, һȺʯͷϣÿһսһ, ˮʫԡ
Ҫǹھ, ϶ĳˡĺŮһξ, ղڼҾԼС̣ʹұȻ浽һ
ҲǸɣüӺͻûȥ˭, ͽԼҪõļСֵܽýˡ
ʮӺʮ, ʮ幫Ҳڡ
Զɢţһξ, Щݲȫͷ
඼Լ, ҲûҪʲôƷװģʮ幫ϻظɢ, ͷͤ, ۾Ե, ϡҪ˯ȥˡ
˶ʮ幫ѧʺżʵʮ幫֪ΪѦŮⱻѦҪ̫, ʵ䷴澢һɴԼȥˡ
ӵĻӣ˳Сͷ羰ͣϵе㸴ӣǶĳλȵʱլڼĻţҲԼķͬ
߻ͺ΢һ㣬ھû
ŻӺһ黹ɣҲ֡
ʮʮȡ˹Ϲ΢һЩƵʮǰ
ʮ˿ںԼ죬黹á
ѵóֲϯϣƽ˺ܶ࣬ȥͨӺʹҹ㣬
һȺĻң漰ܶࡣŮӼ˵¶˵ʲôȤ⣬Ҳ˵ļգƳɵ·ú˼Ӽ˵ĳд鲻˵һƥ´Χʱ˼ʶʶ
̫ƽǴ׻ᣬµĳ̶ԶԼǷܿŵϷ
лһӸǷǳ˷ںͱλ˵Լѧľգ޲õľӸ˿
йΣǰƣͼȥΡ
⺲ǴϴЬӣϴЬ͵ˣס
Ȼͺ͹СܶϵһϳҲСܿ˼ˣԼߵͬߣǲǸǸСô
ͬߺһ£ôģͨô
ʵæǰͷͷĲߵѾͷôܸŵģϻƼ
ǳ°ɡϻʮµƷᣬǻԼ϶Ӧֹͬһ˵ôǮȥˡ
ꡣҿǷôʲô˵
ѵһ˵˲ɣѽҡ
Сתͷ¸Ժ
ûĵطͣ¡
鷳ģȥӵʯͷЬϴЬ
ĸտʼûӿ
ⶫˮϴϴһЩȴӡǡɫĵطûһƣɫĵطе㷺סûǣûˢӣ轫ȡһƬʯƬЬϵҵЩͽִ˴ꡣ
ֲִֻꡣ
ĿƬ̣첽ߵ߶£òҰϴɣ
Ǹɲ˻ˡ
̧ۿ¸ģȷϸôģܣ㿴ϴһø˼
Ĳ֪˼ˣš
֪Щڼϴ·˭ϴġǷ⸸
һһСӣճ鶼Ҫһûʲôϴ»Ҳûг˻ûϴʵǺܲס
˶ϴЬӣһЦ
ıͷŷϴЬӣȻ̧ͷͷͬһʱ䣬ŸĵļҲˢˢͬһ
轫΢ʪЬӴϣڿһ򣬱˳߿ȥͼԶи׵СܹһֱܵǽһЩŹ񣺡⺲֡С㡣
ֱ˵Լ⣺λǰͷ̸죬ɼǰѯʣλҪһһۣ
Ŀ衣
ͷԼЬӣԿ̧ͷϴЬӣ⻹ʪءܾʹ˼λ£̫ʧˡһһƣͷһ˫ЬӣǾܺأǲܺأ
ΣԼǰķ⺲ֿеࡣ
Բȥ˰ɡ˵ţ븵СҪ̣пٺͼλһ𡣡
пջϴһĵʮʱ
׷˼ٶȹ֣¾ˡ
񣺡ͼݡ
ĵԶźʷ裺ԺҪͱ˶򽻵ôܻ档
ҪʯͷϲһʪţҪУҾȥһˡҪȥ
ǸʼԶһЩġȺӹһҲ˵£Ҳ˭룬Ӧûʲô̫顣
룺ҪȥҾȥ
Цš
ʯͷϣһȽӡһΧ۲ȽӡŲɵ˿ۡСܻװˣһλʵѳļһ
²һܿٶ۷ָΣλ˵Ь͹ȥ졣ҪǷ⺲ַ㣬һԸ⣬ͷһسǡ
һʯͷ߰ɣȥ䡣
ĸϸĵķһ¡
Ÿղŵһǰȥ
Сʷ裺ȥ죬ҪԿô
豻Լ˵ĻЦСڰɣǵĵϺܺãȻ˳ʦ
Сط裺ʲô⣿ܳҰġ
û뵽ĲҰģȺӹûҲҰģ¶϶ԼġȦȥץҰģ类ץˡ
ĵͷָ裺ҰĻҳԶһв˳Ҳ
֪ǰйЩġ
ͷһ㣺֪ǶܶϲϣҲг档Ҳԡ
ͷϸｻţûҪļλӹԸĺͷ˵ǰߴ󲿷ֶʶ˭࣬ߴ󲿷ֶʶ˭Ҳࡣ
ͼ
ͣ½Ųͣ¡
ͷѣС㣬⺲֡ǵˡ
һȥȷһ
˸һξ룬ͼԶͤ˺Щˡ
ԼС㽻һС㣬˶࣬һе¾ǡֲ
Լ·ԸЦ£ҽоС
ͷ
˽ͬУߵͤڴ񣺡λºá
ͤͷʮ˸ģСɣô񣬾۾ۡ
һλЦ£ɡҿСͷ⺲һǾһɡ
躬ЦڣЬӻʪģͤڴʺϡСһұϾͺáȻＷͷͤӶҵʪӡ
ʮӻû٩Ьʪ⣬Ǳüע⣺⺲һôڵˣΪߵĶϳ
˵ԼԼסüһ졣
Ÿ£ʮЦǰ˶޲ҿɲһ㡣
Ĳ֪ǲΪʮӳԷ֣Ǵӷ⻰һ֡𿿽ҡ˼

 111 

軰л, ˾, ܲ˵˵˭˵˭ġ
ҶԷȤ, ȻȤȫլԼ, ǳˣļһȺ˺ЦŽԹתͷͷԼ˵˱¡
ͬһͤ, Ůһ⣬һ, Ǻ޴
ʮ˺͸Ż顣ֵ, ǻʱһŮķģҪԳڣĸСͷϡ
Ȼ, ׻, ʻҲͦõġ
ҵϸﲢ֣һѯŸģΪʲô˾ܷźܾã
ƽҪʲô
, ԭҪ͵ġ
дĻѽ
ҲԼôѲѽ
˵Ƕǽǻ, ô
, ԭ, ԭôֵġ
һ˵, һԼǽõˮϵͳˮˮ˳Ű۹ȥ
һȺȤ޲Լһȥ̿
ǱûĻݵ⣬˲ٹθѧϰ޹µ, ˵ص⡣˵λȷʵߣ˶֪ӳԴöȣȫÿǮ
ȨҪǮǮҪȨʵ޷Ǿˡ
˵˵Ӻƭø߸ˡӺ޲һ̾ʹϯһ٣ܽԼ¡
ֻ˵ûõϼѣõǾƷʵ廹ͦģͲջǵˡ
˶̸⣬ʮԼ뷨ɹоƥ⣬ٶǹ⺲ֿУ
Цҳ鷿֮Уóʵ˽١
ʮ̽ҡͷҿеһֱͿǶ˳ۡ꽻սͨСС־ˣס
һλҲ͵ͷȷʵ
ѹһ˵Ҫͷˡһλ˵һα׼Ϳսȡ
սͿսǻǲɡǰһλЦƣ¡˭
ָƽǻһλ佫½
Ӷ佫൱ġ
ԼλҲģȻʵںܵͣҪǡ֮꣬óȷʵǿˡʮӻǹ𸮣ȷʵ
˵ֺͦǡ
ƽ˶䣬ŮߵĻ˵٣˵öˡϧûеʧŮ졣
һΣ˻϶ԷԲ̬Ҳ˸ףֽ֪ûʲôǸһύĴ㣬Ƿ׷׺ʱԿˡ
ⶫʺϴһԣʺԡ
һȺͳʦӷԸͤһξ봦̿ܣڼ˻Ϊ˲ۣȫǴ͹ֳġ
⡢⡢⡢ⶼС
ţ⵹ûΪţҪڸأԵţʶϣζҲûóԡ
Һ˵ҪгһƬƬıƬӨ͸մһķۣζˡѻûԾͿʼۡ
ŶöӶ
ȥܺóԵӡ
ʮ˵˶˵ۣǱİٻۡϲڵֱĨ
̵ģ΢˶ҪԼӡԼţһð
ζܿ촫˹ǳʦеøⱡÿһƬر죬ת۾Ͷһ̡ר˰ǰӡϿӣ⡣
ӱϻһСۺһСۡ
¿꣬±ʳȫע׷̾׼۸۶ءÿ˿ζϸвͬȴơ
ĳһƬû£ͻһǺãҲȷʵˡһԣֻԼȸղŻҪܣָĴ
һģϲ
ĺӦһ
Ȧ˳Ե÷ǳ֣ٶȷǳǽƷʳٶȺƽûʲôȴ˿ЩԷ˫Ȼ̬ͬȣͲ˵ûס͵͵顣
ƼһϸڣΪ˲˵ЦֱӽԼļһȥ㳢Ƭ⣬λúճԵĲһ
ɱƬˣܿóʲôλã˶ܿǸ̨ס
ļвտԸֲǸʳˣĺһʱûԹ⡣ƯԶǽڣԵñȳ˿һ㣬Ҳֻ˾Щɰ
ʮʧЦû뵽Ըĵ̬ԼԻҪһЩ
ӦͷĻԸ˵һСҪϲЩȥҳȻ
һڣǷ軹Լһۡ
һۿʮӰԼ»˵Ļȫ˻ȥ÷Լƺѯʣһ㾯ɫʡľͨѯһ¡
Ը̬Ⱥ裬赽浽£û˵仰
Ĳûвʲô쳣ʮӵˣö
ΣʶǿʮЦЦûٽӻ
ʮ幫ɢͷ֮ϵƺе㸴ӣĪ΢üë
ڻ˸⣬˵ϲʹһ£СƽտԶ߶߶ĵͻһζûӦ
ɱԵӦˡ
ǸЦЦⲻΪ˿С̣նæ˵˼Ǯû塣ҪٷһЩӻͷ͵õֻԭˡ
ʶĻǷš
øС㣬ȻǷǮ
һȺȻ࿴ۣоȡ
ԼӹܽϸѹָСƽնôˡûǮô۰
ʱȸļˣ̹Ȼ˵ģڷ֮󣬶һġ
İ㲻˵ĸ顣֪ǰȺ˶ԣԼһһʱϵһµĹټŮӣûʲô⡣⣬Ҳǿڷϡ
º˵ţͷҪпˣҵȻʹҶһۡ
Ц¡
пաǰ˵֮ͬ
൱˳ĻԼпһһۡ
һٿ⣬
ĳԵԶϻؽҪĶࡣʵЩӹģһ۶ᣬȴ̫ļơǰͷôֳţֲǡ
뷨ʮӣ˿ҲҪɵ飬øΪԼҲûɲͣԽĵزһ̫ͷֳðͷȻһӾͻ׼Ҫ
Ĳ֮䣬ֻ˶ദҪǸʱ̽Ŷ¼̲ס˽á
ͺһһ˷۵Ĺ֭ĳ˳ܺúȡǻӵˮ̫˵㣬浽Щˮ
ڳ˶ûûεĳԺ֣û̫еûġ̸ش죬Ա㣬ԻؼңٿͷϿԼ»ĳա
͸ֻ˸ͣʩʩȻ˸ȥˡϣ˵עڷ˫ڰЬϡ
˫ЬӸܿ찡
Ϊȡ
Ҳܿ죬һٷĹ»ػǶ׼һ˫ЬʪЬӶ岻á
ã֪ˡ
ջسǡ
ⳡζľۻᲢû漰κҪ飬ڸߵĴУͷؼ˶֪ôһ¡                        
ߣŵβͣòִ٣˼

 112 

ĺͷۻؾ, ;ȥһ˹ӡ
ҪġĲûС, ǰ̿һǰ;һس, רŲһѵһӡճ꿾, ζ̲סˮ
, Ͷûʲôϵ
ССһչ޹Ӳ󣬸˼ͷ, иϡ
һ, Ÿȥ˶ָŸǰ̡
õĻǵ֧Ļ
ǽ˻֪ռ˻⣬īͻ廨Ȼ, ﲻв廨, 幩
֮ǰҲ幩ڷǰͷ廨, ־֮С, 幩½½, ȻԷǰΪ, ԴӸĿ˻֮, ԭСΧķǼ幩ͶȻ
еľͰڻƿһ֧
еľһȻѻ
߳˺üһ֪ͨ˹, ѧѧĻ衣ȺīҲǮ˾֧ȥԳԼֺ֧͸ŵ
Ļ⾳ԶȸЩ˼Ķࡣ
һѧϰЩԼѰ֪ʶһ߸Լһ²ƷÿһǮծָһ㣬Ԥø廹ծ
̵ʱ׼ɱĻ̳𺳵
һ̤һϣһ۾ͽߡƹͷĿɫĸɻλõĻԼ߻͵ĸԼﱻʱװõһʻ
Щ˥ܵĻûܳڵһ۵ķΧڡ
˥ܸãڶ̶̼ʱڱе㲻ƫڵļעţڿ죬û
롣ȷʵкܶûмĵĵˣԶѰ˵ļ䣬Ѿüģ
ĺ͵ڵ˴кŤͷ裬һڴѯŷĿõô
ô
ܺá
µĵǱȲĵĵġŸЦЦܺÿƯҪǿڽϣ϶и໨ѡ񣬻Ǻ;ȫȻͬľ󡣡
΢㶣漴˫۷ܿȥ
ǵǿֵ갡
ͷţҾܿȥ
Цÿģӻȡһ֧ɫ¼л͵Ư͸㡣
˲֪ڵͨԵļ˻֪ܲİ⣬üˢˢ˷⺲֣šۣе˼ζ
㲻˵۹⣬˻ţҾһ㡣
ȥ󣬰ľбżһĽ̷һ㣬ǵðһҪбżһȻˮҶһЩҪ̫࣬ҪˮȻõ߻Ӫ
ܻһЩȽټĴ˵ö࣬Ȼĵ˼
ڵһ̣һѧ̬Ȼȴűȫ岻ȥĬ

ФСԺ
ʵۺФ塣
ϻؼ˴һܣȫȻûһһ㣬ţһ̵ӡī񣬰ů
ʵ۴ԣôûſɵĳӾͳˡ˴ͷ·ҲùҪ˼ţλǸˣҲǸʵۡ
ФأװŮװǳۣǿӣͷλѧӵķóɫȻǴ伫Ϊģ㲻˾Υ͡
һһϴżӣ࣬սƵġ
Īɽ崺Żʵ۹֡
ʵӦһ
Īɽ׼ʼ㱨ԼյõϢĺͷ̤ࡣǰЩĶմǰȥ͡;šʮʮġʮ壬һ˿⡣
ĸ
Ŷ߲ھǡ
ǰͷĸмСһˡ
ФƤӶûһ£СֶŮҲڣ
Īɽûش
ʵȴشˣڡôܲڣΪСֶŮҺĸ죬˵ûǰøڶŮӡͷֻè
ŪЦ뷨Ƕ࣬顣
Ф⣺һ顣
ʼɻľǳ顣ӻŮӣпùߣתͷͻһͿء˵飬ҲеЦ
ʹʺϲЩϲ̫Ķ
ûнФ⻰һĪɽҼǵʮλ͸Ļ磿
ĪɽӦǡ
ʵ۶̴ЦһǵʱͯǶڣ˵Ҫʮ͸Ķ顣ǲͬ⡣С񶼴ˣǸϲˡ
ФӦŻʵ۵Ļ֮һ£˵ס
ӣ̧ͷʵۣӮĿ
ʵ۵ͷۣǡ
ȫӮ޵Ĳࡣʵ۸пû뵽ÿнչǻ䡣
ФЦһչݼչ
ʵһЦ
⻰ȷʵеˣݼˡһĶ˾嶼³»־κ
ͦ׵ġ
ʵãĪɽǼԷ趼ͦ˼޿λ״Ԫ۹ɶúܡܵʶɲһˡ
ǡλ⽻ã貢̫˼ЩԶĪɽŻʮͼӸǶͻƣһ䣬վ΢㲻ٿڡ
ʵüФСֶŮ״ס
Фӣ㲻ԣФˣʱôסܴӸǶͻƣùϵʮӵ²ԡ
ľУ΢ײ죬ö
Фҵȫ֪
ͲФˡʵ˫ַϣ˿յ̣̾˿ФɻҪһ̣
ФƵʵǰⲻǻǱ
Ǿһ̡ͷľȡӷ£޻ڡ
Фظ˻ʵ۵Ļִһɫڱ£޻ڡ
һһĹٴФʤ
һ꣬ߣʵƤҪһ»»һתع»ϦµĻɫ𽥽䣬ƯĲ
ФûͻʵۣСԺʰӡȫʰ˸ɾŶ̷Ƭ̵㶡
ź˹ʣҪϢ
ФͷźˣϢһ죬ô˵ҪϢ
ź˲ҿ˵ǰ˲ˡ
ФվԼ·ǾСһûʲôģû뵽žͻᰭۣܡ
ûԼʲô⣺ʰһһҡ
źӦǡ
عܿ쵽˹ſڣֱʵ۹
»ܿ챻ڷŵ鷿ϣ̯ţŻʵӡ¸ϣʾ˻ΪԼ
ʵۻһ·ⲽǰ鷿
ǽ첻ʺϴڹҲǺ¶ĥ鷿վϣԼյõĻټ

Ըȥ
ͷ˺ܿߵݣ¡ˮ
ʵɫѿ˵
·ͷһҲӾأݰû
ض൱šˮλԱߣκӵʱٻϱΣר˴ˣͷۡ
Ӳ
ʵŭ𣺡ˣ


 113 

ˮɴС
СһС, Ӱұܿˮͳɡˮ, ﱻ͡˵ˣˮ忪̰, ձ, 㵹ײһʱ, ɥڴˡ
¸ǽɹ׷Ҳʱ׷ȥ
ةԼܿ챻е, Żʵŭյĳ𣺡µط, סӵٴˣޣܸȥ໹ôģ
ߵͷ
ȷʵÿζ, ⵹Ǻӵµ, ǵطԱ⡣ºƬԱ, һö², һ費¡
ÿغӵ, ˸һ, տʼذ, ˺һͺ޲ðѶԷֱͶӡ֮΢һ㣬ʵǺϡ, ˵Ǿͷá
ȷʵӵȫͬķʵĲ˽㣬ֻտʼȷʵ׿гЧ˭Чˣһٿޡ
أںӵ˶ʮθĵײ࣬θֲġﲻ֪ͷҪ飿ǲ˵Ҳ˵
Լ䣬ԷӮˣ
ֵĹֻ䣬ȴûڻʵǰֱ˵С
ΪλЩйͣǴ͡
ʵûܿסĲ
̾Լ굽ǴʲôɾģôŮ˲ӵֳ˲²ֲ飿
ʵۼǶˣùѪͷһĥŸʲô⣬һָ̬̿򲻿ӡ
ةʵ֣֪ʵ۾ڷйŭ
ȻʵòˣŹʾ⣺£򲻿ϣרǰݣִ֡ù˽ǰݡ
ʵü
˭ȥǸ⡣в˿ѡˡȺ˱һ㣬ıһһǿǰȥã·;ңԶҪ
ǹ𸮴ӣ䲢ڹ£ȷɴ顣
ͣŹͷһݡóǰЩʮ˵ݽͺԺġ
˵һʱе㿨סԺǵһͦġϻļҿɲࡣ
Ժиġݴʵʵ벻˴ݣҸ˳Ӷٵġ
Դĺˣٶߵףл¡
һпɱġȥôģԼӹȥȴǲ͵ġǷҪãûֻͷۡҵǲҪ̵һôͰգ»ͷʵġ
ϲóɹƾûʼȥ˳ֺ̼ᡣͷôûǸ⡣
һ
£ة໹ͷͻʵ¡
˳һƬӣٳ𸮿Щ˻ﲻϲѰͷˡϣܺͷϵһ㣬ͷ
ͷϢܿʹȥ
գڹϢһʥּץ˸ţɫ鼫ΪӡǸˣһֱģһձ˺ᵶԼĶ
ʥּԼ׻
ʮǶȷпֻǮ˭С̰СֱĶ
ʵۻúԺһ濵һȥ֡Ҳ֪һôˡ
йһƬ⣬ﻹǱۻԼԺУεͽԺľ׮ӿһȱڡȱ࣬Щֲľ˴롣
߸£һ߸ͷؼҡ
ſе룬Ͳͷĸĺͷ迪ڣС㣬⺲֡ǰͷйţҪҷ⺲֡
΢㶡
ʲô飿
Ŀ裬Ҳһ£һҪ³
ͷ³
ǰͷ򿿱ͣ£ŷ⺲Ҳˡ壬컹Щˣô벻ͻȻ˵ɡ
ߵԼſڣһƼͷ⸸ںһ̫ںȴֲ衣
ԺôһСӣþˡ
͸һ֣̫æ֣⺲֡ʥּչԷʾ⣬⺲֣Ǳּ
ʥּǵʵ۵ġ赱񣺡ּ
̫ϸϸʼʥּ
һĹٻһ˼ˮأﱻͣӴǰӸͳܣܺӵ踺Ա
ǹ𸮵Ǹô
һ˺ӵ⣬һ˿⣬䱸ܺʡֻǷųΣΣҪûãǡ
е㵣ġ
ʥּ
⸸̫һǮлλ̫ࡣ̫ٴζ䣺⺲Щ׼粻˳١ڳſǰ͵óǡ
ſϰҪȺе࣬ҹ׼Ҫϰϳǰȥþǰջҡ
ͷ֪ˡ
̫뿪⸸źһԵĸкСҪһ÷ôѵùһءˣҪȥݣ֪ʱŻȥýǶһЩգȥ¶£
Ҫʽĳա
÷ˣڵһȥġһݵ飬Ҳûرϲǿ裺Ƕô˵
֪ˮ¡
ֻʱûҡһ޹ϵϱӵʱϤԺ͸׹ϵȥôš
ʱȥǻˣ
ż䣬䵱״ȷʵء
ǶڳɹʧܵģΪӶⷽһϲͨͷȥġӵҲ˽⣬ֻܱȫذᣬˮֻССȥ
ǿˣֱˡµȫٲ˵յĴֻҲٵ˴롣
ǶԺ󣬹ؾǣһϲ££ų˽£Ҳ˹¡
̾ôúƭӳͷ
һ£밾꣬˵볤ξðҵݴһЩʱա
Ÿģתͷʹ׵ӣʱòӺ󡣡

 114 

û뵽ôء
Ϊ༸¾ܽ, ˷, ¶ҪƳ١
ףҲƳô
˵ʲô, ȴڹ˽, ˵ڡڹݰմ˿Ҫ, Ҫ뿪ûĵطǰȫס, δ⣻˽, ĵǸº͵Ůӣܲ˼˵ǿԸһס
ֻ΢ͷǰΣΪ˰ǰصĵطעⰲȫǵóԷͺá
ý˿⡣
ȥݣҲ֪ܹһԡ
Щǰδעһ涼Ҫȳ˸Ŭ, ˴, ˾ǮȫȻûбá
, ЦЦšϳؼҡҽʰ
, ԹԵͷ
ŷ⸸񣺡Щʱ, Ȥ, Գ
⸸ղű, Ҳա
ƳٳûʲôϵҳﱸĲ費õŸĵ˵ôֱס¸ͷһˣתͷˣԼӻ˼Ǻϡ
ѷݺݳһ, ϻЦǺӦ˸ģúãпվȥ
͸
̤Ҫͷˣȴ΢٣ͷֿ衣Ǻܸ˵ģ˭顣һӵĻҪͷ˵ȴֲ֪ôӺ˵
㣬һڣ̫ġһᾡ찲ٺûҪһ˳ҿӱ޻ٻȥ
ıٻȥЦ
Цŵͷǻ»ȰԭȶˡҪǻزѡӡ̫ˣһ˷ͳɡ
ˣɲɵǸ⣬ܻܲͷ˿Ц
ЦӦšȥɡ
ıŻȥ֪϶ʰҪһʱ䡣·Զ˽⣬һϸʱʵڲࡣ

鱾Ǹ⺲ģɵʱҲˡСֹһ䣺Сôõˣɵء
Ц
תĴߡԭվţŸԶȥܾԼرߣƵøӼЩ
̾һϣԼ۵ġ

Լ۵ģû뵽Ҳôġ
СԴ룬÷յ״Ԫʵ۰˵һ¹٣ǺԺ׫ǰһȥȼ
Ҫǳ͢Ҳˡ
ǲܹ͢жλԱ֪ô˿ǰִ֡ڳҲسǿܿءеһƴĹԱڡ
ԻƶǺ죬ɻǸʮɡ
ʵôôأ
ѵûʵ뷨ô
벻ס
Ŵص˽Լȫ͵ǶȥԼǰ˸鷿϶鷿
˿ȷʵ鷿
򵥵šԼдˮʵӡ裬̴¡춯Լϵһ̧ͷͼüͷߵſڣ
Ӧšô
Ŀ˵һˮʥּҪһȥ
ֻǿǰȥϾ֪˻ʵ۵˼Ӻ˵ȥ̬ʵϲҪʲô游ǰȥΨзһ㣬δͨ
һĳӲʱ򣬱ôߣֱ͵طȥ
Ըģֱô˵
˼ݶһҲܸһɼĻ¾ܻˡ
£
Ķ˶٣˵ˮأ꣬ǺܻܿҪԶǻ»Ƴ١
Ƴ٣
鿴ģ΢üȥƳٻ£
û뵽ᣬæͣǣҪĶǻص֪ź˵ġŻ»վɣҪز˵
Ǻܹġ
û뵽ÿسֶ൱¡
֪Լˣͷš²ҪһվɣȵԼõʱ䣬һͷ⸸һѡա
ĵͷ
ͷ̾Ϣý·ϼλӹһٿԡݣҲ֪ææȥܲܳһ⡣
ҪʳȥġܳԵܲˣݳ޼ˡ
֪ǿӹģͬհӣתͷֲӵŸĵĻһ˵;˼λӹ˭
ʵʮӺʮڣʮ幫λһ˵£ûŪ׶˭˭һġŪ˭˭Ӱ⡣
Գеʲô뷨ǰˣץӰ
Ÿĵͷ֪ˡһУҪܵġҵ³Թȥһˣ֪ʲôʱҹ˯ŹҲЩ˯
Ӧ¡
üͷ뿪鷿ۻԼӣ·̾ôأоԼһôûС
ͷҰ²˶ˮˡ±ǣһȫżǣһЩ顣
ҹԼӵ⣬ȡʵ˽⡣
ӲϳһʳĽ飬ֱ͵ӡ𸮺ͷС˱ʱʱȡ֡
ʲܴӾǵҪ˺Ǯжһǰܱݸ򲼣һ˸ݰգһҪˮ
ʵֻˣʱҪԶԶֹӾǧˣݣҪˡ
ؼԼʽ˸ԼֱȥҪɳҪ˿ˮ
ڶ죬ûУʹԼϴ·ԼҹдĶǰȥӺ͹ϡ
üһ죬ֲű۵úܡ
ܿнʿ쵽Ӻ͹ǰ
ӻǹ˿϶ף¶ſ
⺲ֿҪǲã˴Էǰû¼Ҫӱ޸·νʱͬ
νʱ
賯Źͷ
һʿȡһƥ
ӣһǣֱӷɾ䣺ˡûʲôؼףһͨĲǴһɿʿ緶
ӿ˿ٿ˿裬ʿȹ֣ݰգлλȫλˡ
ûʲô֪֮ͣ
ͷͬʱ񣺡¿
ǻһۣͬ˶ԷµӣϻǹԸһ·
æߺ·
ſѿе⣬ǧ˾ֶ飬ӾǸȥûоŵκΰա
İΰѣ֪Լ˯ʲô
ԵɵѹеͷۣͷֻһĨ΢֪ûС֪·Ͽɻࡣ֪Ρ
ӻû׸ʶ˯ȥ
ȫɡ


 115 

ʹ
ʮڵ, ͷ, 㲻Ҷ
һĴɱЩԴϡҪҵ, ϱࡣ
ʺŭˡ
ڻʺĹ˿˭Ҳý, ˭Ҳܽһ밲ʺʱȡ, һȥǶ֪ͨˡ
ĸ׽ӣ˭أʵ۶ʱȥʺǶùͷ, Լ޹, עˮһ¡
ʺʱϲš
רһѰ˿յһҹȥҵøϡáòˣ˭ȵʮ˹, һ, ִ
ѹҳƣʺߵԼ׶, ָ˹ݵʮĺ, ޲ý˸˵, ǵø˾֪ǲǣ
ʮǳɻ, ȴɰ㲻Լĸףˡ
ʺò, һЩùܵȴҲһֱš˭һע⣬ԼһУתͷͱƭ˵
·, ܽôб½ôһںɹ˺һھǵˣ̵ϣ𵽵ЧǽȻͬġ
õİ취ʮϤ֮˵
˭ֱӱȥݣԭⶼʮͷϡóֻһС飬вƿ޴ʮǰ漸ֳȻ̽
ʮͲò뵽ǰĻսС
һ뽫Լٲһأûϵʵ۶Լӣ˺ġǵ侲˻úȰ˵˵ʲôѳ󣬸ˡ
ôӣôŮ
ȴһ
ʺվӸ¿Լӣ˳ζˣ
ʮʡڿҰ֪֮͡ڲհԶ
ʺһĴЦˡ
ԭԼӻ㶼֪ǸˣһֱȽðͷ״Ҳⲿ˵Ӱ졣ʫʫͬüһˣǰ̫졣
صԼλϣ׼Ĳˮһڣ
ЦҲ侲ָƽﵭģ븵ķԿ죬˵ɹͨô
ʮشԼĸĻ˵
ʺ󽫲豭£÷߿һۣĻţ
ʮӦǡ
ʺ̫ʮС˼ˣʮ㽫㸸ںεأµĵеĳӶĳӡة֮ţǵ¿״Ԫƾʲô£
ʮˡ
ʺò࣬ɣȻ㸸֣ͺúý֡ǰһȾͳɣܸһ㽫ȡ˼ٽ̯»Լֻ沿֡
ʮӦ
ĺͷǶˮĶࡣʱԶһЩԶһЩʺ췢𷢶ˣеۡԼͷܽԼ֪ͨίķʽһ¶ӣ㸸ʵ˼÷һ³
ʮȻ̧ͷ
ԳΪӵͷˣҲΪһ³ʺơ
ʮ벻ס
Ҫ͸ĳɻģеעΪ£ôܳΪ³ҲֻЩˡ
ѵ˵
ʮ˵֣ģ
ʺʮڲᶯġֻҪ黹ţһšͲᶯġκһٽԶȥһ죬ʵ۱ܻ֡
Ҫĵ˲ǻʵۣˡǱ꣬òðһͷ´ðͷֻ֪ᷢʲô顣
˵û˼ʺƣȥú롣һ¿ɶעҪ֡ѧ࿴ɱ
ʮͷǡ
վٹ˳˹
鷢ʵͻȻͻȻһûӦȻع񣬹ͷݡòúúɹŵó⡣
ۣϸ˼Ÿղĸ˵ĻԸղŵһѵͽ̵ûκεĵִ֪ڹϢ۹ⶾճΪһ֮ĸЩʱգȷʵǱٲۣжð˵㡣
̫ܾ࣬ĸ˵ĺͷǶˮʱ򣬲ǼԶ룬һЩעŵ˼ڡ
ʮʱĲʵͻȻһҰ޳ȥԵζڡ趼ݣҲǲù¡
Ͼһ濵֡
һ·˼ţ侲Լۡ߻ȥʶҪ˿𣬲ǿԼʿȥģҪԼڳŵϡıʿȻȻ῿
ϣһ˳

ϣһ˳˺ܶࡣ
˯һĸġ
ͷ鷿ﴦµĻľ롣͵ĻĻµ̶̶ֲֲֹ꣬ǻһ㡣ԽԽ㡣
Ըǽķʽ
ľ̶ܹ֮ڿͷٹ̶Сľ©ۣϹ̶סһ಻»ֲֵܸĵط
ǽˮˮҲм΢һ㡣
Ȼľֽˮûˮ
ƲѣһӣϸСĶˮ׾ǡѹˮңˮͻȥ
ĻѶȲߣĻλŮҪһ̬Եв˼ټ˾ϲֿڲʣĻֻҪûвõĺͳɡ
ĸɴཫ˿ǿй̶˹սǣ֦һĽڽڸ̬
;˲衣
ˮȱ䡣
˸㡣
Ҳȱ䡣
룬ӡģҲҪ໨
һĹ򣬸һڶûԡ
ҪȰ˵ͼԼСʱôණ˵һôôԵģŰ£ȥɡ
ֻ¡
⺲ֲߣԼСԲˡյķܹûԼڣǵڶû
ȷʵһûö
ţҪܽԼͷĻɵòࡣ֪ܲܺ͸ݡǸʱӦ״ãֳԵ࣬ó;Ͷ١
ʱһȫӦбϡȥҲþ֪
뷨ԣǡ
Դһͷðͷ͸²ȥˡȥʣô뷨ûŽ뷨ǿʼԡ
ˮˮ
һݰһæ
Ȼ̧ͷˣĶֲָķ
԰æˡ
ߣ˼ҵĹҵеɢһ¡

 116 

ݰﱻû, һΪء
ԭΪ, ֱһƬǽ塢ңʧ, ޺ڶʵ״ȷҪһЩ
еܵ, ľǶ, ֪ǰһôģеĿͷʵүϣһкתеƴȾԼ, ۵Ĺ, û۵İľ
ùĻ˵Ҳܸˡ
ʳĵطͬˣڲڣѰһ׳ߴšһЩһЩ
ݵݸϱ˾˵׼, ҰϹ, ͽڵľһһʮ˵˳˵ԼЩٴ롣
ϣԼ
˰, ˹Ա, պ͹Ա, ҲתˡȻֺһ, 췣, ˻ͷ˾ͳɡ
ȴһЩˮôû£
Ա˲ͷͷ˵ȵöסڣȻܽݵˮߡӵ˵һڣҪԼ벻øôˡ
ûӦ, ο
۷衣
ʧЦԼֽȫ˳һ·ϵݡһֱӣ·ϾŸ¡úܺãǴϣܹ黹ǵȽȥˮ⴦ˡ
ͼֽŵϷԼλø˵ˮ
ͷͼֽԼعԱҪˮǴݡٿҪסڣҪɳʯ
ӺλԱãȻôҪأ
ǶֱӽӴӵεˣλԱϽ˽Լµλ²衱͡費ġԱйܻӦٵ⡣
Ա̫ף²λƽӦøദɷİӣˮע
󣬼˽ȿвУˮڿǣ¿϶ǲеġڸˮȥ
ķȽһλڳҲû˸ҷϾˣ仹һ۵ĽӿŻײС
˰붮ù˵÷ͦáһͷ˹Ļʼ˳Žδϰյ⣺ձȻǲģǲ֪ȥҪôʧأԿڷѡ
˷׷׵ͷ
ҪľǸӿɴλ˽һһŵȫĵطһȥʩࡣϰյĿֻ˽⣬˵ԽӵľصĺҪð֪͢ˣǡǷԣԺ֣һʱǲý˰ġ
һȺ˷׷׵ͷ
ҪЩϰգݵİգҪǡ׳æˣǾ͸Ųߡÿʮһжİ͵һ˵˳Ǵֿ϶ǲģȥܱ߽ףҲޡһҪðһԿˮ
һȻԶԶԡ
˵Щ˵˿⣺˼ǵý¼£֪ͨȥ˵³֮һ׽͡;ɥƲͳƣ⻧˼ҴˡǾٸרŸһ˿̱׾ʹпȥ
λеԥЩ󣬵ʱʳô죿
û̫࣬еҲãЩȻôΪʲôҪô˵
ҡͷȻȻûйϵǸһһҲ͹ʮ죬ôʡҲһ¡͵ʱһЩʱտ飬͢Ƕ֪ˣ϶òá
˻࿴Ҳǡ
˵˼㣬һȺ˰ŷԸүʵûһ£ֽҲЩϽ˱ī
ǳֱӺдȥͨˮһˮڡ
ӼԼõǰͷȥɿϽͬ˹뷨
жȻط
쿪£ЦίӣĵġվͻǶȫԼġԴӽ𣬵һҪͬͬסżȥ졣
ԥͬͬס
ͷ»мӲͣš
ӱ͵ȫĵطȷʵмӲ͵ģˡӦ£ɣտ࣬Ҳࡣ
Цŵͷ¹Ȼơ
ӣȻһЩģƾ׳嵽ǰ棬͹¡ã˲ֲǻӱ϶ҡ
¹Ȼư
οˣתͷŵݸһָȥԭϰСʳٵ̬ڱأһָСţȻ˵ġ
г͢ڣӿ϶ܹȥġ
סϣһǳܴϢΪ˿ԷʮһӣǰǼǾ˿֡͢ÿշʳɲȷӣͷһףɱʲôҪ
ݲŲúû£ͷд౾
·Ϊ˵ӣ˲ٹӺòײͬһΪðյ뷨ڴˮý¸֡
ƺȷʵǶ²裬ˮе⡣ںˮǼΪɾͷдζɳһ̯Ӱ˺˵·˸ˮĸ
ˮһǣһʱѿס
ֱӷһٶ֧ˮӼԽԽܽɳߣ͵εĵطȥҲͷİгˮͬʱҲͲΪ̫ɢӰˡ
˵ϷĴˣҪƽȵĻв˶
ддҪӺ͹дȥϾҪǹϤӵҲôһСעߺӵʱ鶼˸߰˰ˣãְڼˡ
౾˿ӱ뾩ǣõ档лƲڣͳ°빦
ͷдŵʧˡ˵ȵȣ΢٣ˮ˵زһܺõĻ㣿ƾʱдôһ㡣
Ե̿Ч
ѵʵԿ
ϷݣԾ;Ǹ顣ϱ㣬ã
ֽܿ뷨ԺҪûнʵ۸ͬġİտ϶Ҳַ졣
ǡ
ʵۿԼǰⱾ౾źŲةࡣ
žᣬᶯܶ˵ĸ˸͢ŻиǮ
ةţһƿڣ¾÷⺲б½°ô
ʵ̧ۣЦЦةࣺ˵һ£˵⻧һ£
ةཫ豭£ػݳɣлһ¡ݲɣȥߣҲѵΡ
ʵЦһɡ콫ΣҪԵġ
֮Խǿ࣬ЧԽǺãڻʵ˵ȥ±ǻˣʵǲܴ￼ǣǼΪá
ʫʫüһһ£ڷ£Ѳֵһᡣ
ʵԴãȺݵϢݳɣáݰܣ𸮿ʰܳɰܣϢ


 117 

ˮھǺܿ촫
ֱ۵ķӦǾǵ׼΢ǡ׼һ, 濵ûȥԼƹϻƹ˵, תͷ׼۾ˡ
濵ʱʮȥûչܼ, ƤȥӦó, װϻ·
ȥԼһʱ˻ԭȵλƹ
ƹѿ, ۴ԣۿΧе㰵, һû˯þ˸, ŸĹ֣С㣬ʵǲ˼
а׬Ǯλ΢ƹкţƹ˵
λƹŸĵ˵ͷͷ, ڸĵĴ, ڵڽѰλˡ
ʱһСӣ˼ӡƽ, ʱдӡ
ƹ΢˶Ÿ¶һеִٵЦЦܿɢ, ֻһڵĸӡ
˸һˮ, ºѯʣƹʲô飿µǮѾܸ, һߣ
ƹŸĺҵ˵, ίֱ͸˵ţС֪ݵ飿
ıȻ֪ġ
ˮһӴ˹ͷ״ԪһȥˮͷһˡΪͷϵˣȻӦ֪¡
ƹôһ, ޷ݻ⡣
£Īƹǰʿ
ƹҡҡͷ㲻ʿסϷһЩʿҸұ˾ǣԶҡ˭ڻ顣
˶࣬סݸ˵ʶʿѹƹɫ֮
Ĳ֪˵ʲôֻܰοһ˹ȥᾡ촦һ¡ƹҪ̫ģͷӡ
ƹЦЦֻŸĵͷҪʸСɷһǮҡҪЩֱݣȥܲܰʲôæ
Ķ˶٣ÿƹǶûǮ
ƹæͷ
Ŀƹ
ƹŻ˱Ե֧Ȼġ֪̽ܺãʻĳɱҲܸߣÿնӯ࣬ɱûر
һ˼ʵʵ˵СǰһǮٶĻת
ĵͷǾ͸һɡ
ƹЦЦƹȥһ롣ǵʱԼʱԼطٽ˽ʣµǮ͹ȥݲԶǮ·ѣǡ
ƹҪȥæģôʱΪˡ
ƹһæվָжлС㡣Сƣ½ģ
ĸҲƹͷյǮҪƹûյǮֱѰҡҪǳɹյǮǻдƾ֤֤
˵ƹЩ֮ǣٶл
ƹŸĵ˼λƹȥ̨ǶȡǮȥ·ðһЩǰ·ΣգƹЩǮǧҪ¶ֻʱڣƺͶӵĶ࣬·ϻнٷˡܺһ߾;ܺһߡ
Ҷˣƽʱ棬Ҳ̲סͬ䡣
ƹǧл˵㣬ź͸ĸ뿪
ӱọ̈̄СʸģС㣬ҪһЩӣ
ĳӱͷЩһѧЩƽ۵幩򻨵𽥶ǲǮҪÿûеɫЩͷƹʱרѡһ
һӦ¡
Ľ鰲׵תͷͳȥ̡
˺ܶ࣬ϲеʫġ˵ǰЩʱջҪûɹ
ⶫֱøĻԼǲǸʱ䡣ԭôǰѾ˿˱ʼԱˣ
Ȼ󣬵ҲûǮȥЩǵЩˮ鼮Ȼ˵ҡ

תȥ
鷿ڵĽ˲ٵĻ˿̶˺첼͵˹ߡ
䴰ȫţɢȥһЩŨصĻ㡣
۷ͺ׷ױҪ鷿ֱ鷿ſŵĲҩζѬţֻſڴǻͣפ
鷿ڣԼе㷢ĸ첲ٿһԼǰֽ
ֽд˹ˮ֮ش⡣
ˮ֮̶ȣΪȺضȣϸ֣ǿкɳ
ȵҪϽϴ֣ŸÿˮҪʩʡϼҪ䵪Ҫǵɱɱ档ĸԼЩʱյķо
ضȵΪûˮ̫ˣʳûоȡʱ͸õϣֿԿʳоʵкüһǿڸв̫ãԱͨˮռǵо׺ͺ
׺ͺϰղԲ֣־˸˼ʱζĳʳݵÿǵĲǰԲԣûеóԡҪ취ꡣ
ݵطůͣˮҲǺˮ࣬ػָҪõĹ򲢲ѶȡЩ층鶼ڲ˵ݽǰǺֹۣ⼸쵹ǽݱƵƵ
̾һ˱ˡ裬ӵﶼã˭ʮء
һ౾ֱ˵ˮͺ˹Լֲˮⶼ˸ס뷨ƣΪдʵó˺ҵ©
ǵƳ²ЩҪ͹뷨òؼҷҷ㡣糯ֱ˱۳Ҫųſʼ岻ˣҪˣҪײǽˡ
ǳ֡
ÿԹһţӿԼжŮǶơ鷿ﶼЩʱյĳƷ
ûǮǲеġ
ǮҪһǿʡʳɾˮЩǺҪġˮˮЩˮɶܺȣ˾ײ
ĵֽһЩֽȫ£ǰ鷿
ղ³һˮüͷڿϱճöȱ⡣һȥĶѻ˴룬ҪǺϣ⡣
ڳ͢ݣÿһ춼һ
ſã
̧ͷţ
߽鷿ԼдЩֽ˸ϣЩ⼸ݺĶֽͷʺϵķϷӡ
и⼸½½͹˺ܶ෽鲢ûоøĻʲôõķʽֻ̧ͷŸģȥݡ
˴ᶨԴ


 118 

ڵʺϸȥ
ȸĸˮλ½, Ͻ, ϯὫ׼һߡذںͲۡʿԼܱ߰ʱ۵İһˮûпչ㡣
˵÷ǳʵ, , ƫѭѭգ֪УʱҪȫ֡
ȥ˷, ǿɲ̫㡣
˵ھﻹڰһƼټ, ȫ¡
ɼᶨ֪
̾⸸Ҿһ¡Ƽҿ, 괺ղĻӡ㿴Σ
Լһλݸӵģ˶٣ͷԡ
Сɵд˹ִ, º͵, һ˾ͺѸı䡣ֽõԼŮһӡ
ͷ¿ſ, ڿʳǶʱһ£ռ, ݰտ϶ֵġζ, ĥɷٳԹշ, ǴҲ֡
ĿۣӶô
Ӧࡣ
ֱ˷裺˵״Ԫ, ٸʳһֿڲʵ֡ҼʦȥóԵķӣտ϶ѧ˵ĵطѧҪǹ䣬ʳߣ϶ˡ
˼Ƭ̣ҲʧΪһַ
迼״Ԫǻ, ҷ׷üĵ㡣ϰղ˼Լˣ͸ԼŮ㡣ʱЩʳһķʲô״Ԫ󣬿϶Ե˶ࡣ
Ѱ˼ţ˵ĶֳʮĶ飬Ҳݸһ㡣
ֽϵķϷӣеĻоеȱȽϹŹ֣ҲȷòãȻִҪȥݣǱ뻻ȥҪɼݣһһЩڳſںǻϡ
Լøȥתͷľ͸Լݡ
ݸøͷۡ
̾˿Ů
ԭᶨС΢̡ȷʵˣ⻹Ǿáò׶Ҫ˳ˣҪôһͷ⡣
Ҫͷͬʹ࣬ңҲȫõġ
ĵĶϣˣʱ鲻ܸȥϺԼҪھαװ㻹ڸϣ»
ӱľȡһСľƣӱϣȥõġǻḺȫǵЩǹһֱŵġ
֪ЩˣӦƼһˣԹԵͷӦ£š
齻֣ȥɣЩܳһ飬ͷ͵Ҳһ͵
ٶȵͷ
Щá
ˣĽ鷿ŸˡߣصԼʰݣҪαװһµݣڸĵĴҹ·һܴ
ڱϰæʰͷţŸģС㣬Ҫôαװ㻹ھѽ
ĵҵо顣
ΪʫʫȥԪԣưαװٴΡ
Ͽţôʰ
գգۣ˵纮£ಡҲһˡܱŲﲡҴ˵˼ǳɼķ⺲֡
飺
е졣
ȫǿĻ϶Сಡˡ
ĺԼһҪ£һ½½鷿ＷѹЩͳȥǽ㻨ˡ
ЩյǮֱӴݡݲڻת
žϻظһչˡֻĳʳҪԼԵҩֻ⵹ӵЩø߹ˡ
й»飬˱¶ڸϵķա
һһӦ£һθ£ǽš
ȻĽŸûгãڿԼС㲻ѰװԼ¶Ϳһ㡣
ˮͿĨüĵĺ㣬ľøһˮۣԼ¶Ϳһ㡣ͷ˳٣Ǿȫ̶£ӵķС
·ͨ£ЬǺɫĲЬ̫ˣһŴϡ
Ϳ˲٣ƤͬɫͿһȦԭĴ۾ʱСһȦ
ʱ糾ͣ϶һЩĴžͨϰģԼ֣ϧ̫⻬ˣֲڡ
ŶͷС㣬Ҫװһ㣬Ǹϻزˡ
ĳЦ
ЦݣúĳСڳԼЦֱӣС㣬ľ˽̧ȥϡ
ĽԼãľ
Ϊʲͳٴϳ֣·ϻֱӸϻšεƽʱƼϢˣͬǡѾˣͽˡ
úܿ죬齫Ӻϡ
ͷˣС㽫̧ȥֱ͵ϡСŵ㡣ͷСݵһ⡣
Ӧ
ܸܵͷЩ΢ӣһʧغԼ䡣
ͷ
ıƷŵϣŹǶԸֽһ㣬λ򣺡ⲼҪֱ˳ǵģŵ㡣
Ӧ
ٹһʱ䣬ҧһԼĴûгƽʵһš
ʻһ·ͣװģɨһܡȷܱû˸ţû˿̽ӣ򿪣˵ţˣԳˡ
ƿӣ
ģסû뵽Сαװôӡ죬ָۣƼˡ
Цܿóº͵ӣȴܿһ˿Ѳͷˡ
ҡͷŸתͷȥͻͷʲô鷳սϣ٣ʲôû
ĺ棺ģ
ӦȻġȥ㶫ӡ
ֱǰ˲̣һͨȫװſߡһֵϣǶŵĻͶ顣
ͷһԼһλʿ
˫ͷһĲȷһͬ
ǰͷͷĽʿɻһһʲô
ºͽʿ˵һݵĲȫôŮÿ¶еС⣬ЩӵľңӦҶ벻ţⲻСˡŮӷߺҲ԰ϴæ
ʿȻȷʵ
һӲ٣ʵһŮҲҪüõֻáһӿԹܶˡ
û⸵ĵ˭Ҳû⸵Ļʲôɹ˶顣
ɹţۼͼǱߵȺŵĶʮ
Ը䡣
֪ôһ֧Ľʿͻ£һС
˵ǸרŴ͵ݱ⺲ֵġ˳㱣һһӵǮơ
⺲ֻѰ˸˼ҡ
٣бҲ״Ԫ
һ佫
Ǿ״Ԫ¡
ֹ䣬Ľܲһ·ȫݣҲ̹ˡ


 119 

Ĳ³Կࡣ
Ҳĵһ֪ϰո·ʱԵĶǵʲôӺһӺ, ÿ˷һ, żҰˡ
;վվ΢ԵõġСǾ͸Ӻ, ǮĿԳԶ൱õġʱȾͶ, ζҲ
ĸտʼеԲ߶ѵζĶ˼ٺճԲ, Ͼ·ҪȥҷģΪ·ϳԵĲþͷ
ԽԽ, ľܸܵϵʪ
̹, һƽͽץˣǱϷ޴ĳŵʧתͷֱͻȻڳĲ֪ʲôŽ
ڴҾСһ·϶չˡһҲƫڻŸĺ䲼Ǵš衱, ڸ, ȻȻŸСĲ
ݱϣͷĽʿ˸ߴ
Ľ¶ȼߵɽ, ԶƬǵĺˮͷ, ͷ΢΢, Ưſӡ·éݶƬ͵ȵ߰Ķ
ŸԶһЩ, Կðͷķ, еĽߵģһ¶ͷˮԤƳ˸ߡ
ʿͻ˶ŵͼĥһ£΢ƸֱǰסɽϡнĻ;ж, ϡ
һȺ˵ͷ
ĸһߡʱ·ʱ䲻㳤ƨۡӾǵݵ·ܶ඼û޽··߶ġ
Ŷ飬ûΪ˵ĸ
ڱһ·ţʵ졣ýεεĴС㣬Ե·Ŀ࣬;һ亰۵ĻûУ糾ͣϵˮ۶ǶƤƵģȫȻˡ
Ĳ֪Լ˺ܲ졣
Ŷ飬һֱϰסĵز΢˿
ǰ߶šеĴǶţҵļţ㿴ϵӣҵİɣ
еĺţԷˣˣûԵĸϽȥ
кţǰͷҪһˣ˭֡
һȺӦţŮٶУֱپһЩʮ£ʮϲ׼
Լ˾̾ϰջ涼Ҳû˷졣
Ӧǵ˺ܹܿˣǸʮȴʮˣģߡͳһãͷĺȥˡµȥæϽȥȥӪ֣Щģȫȥǰͷɳ
ʿ֣Ա⣬ȥٰš
ü⣬ﻹʲô
λæͣһǹͶȻȱʲôϢȥʱЩַæһǸ鲦⺲ֵˡɵġ
һͣȼ˵
ºͽʿ׷Ӧ
ĳУһͻ¡ʿһߡ
λԱסݵ¾ȳ˶٣ɶȥŹͨӵסˮˣ
˸ղǣҲһһ˻ȳ߳ɣµҪôɢˣҪôˣҲϲ˭˭ļҵģֻܼƸܶĶȥŸɻ˻ͷ
Լֺ˶
ʱأ˽˴˽ȥ£ˡ
ͷд£̧ͷˣæλ࣬ؿɴʲô
λæӽһ£;·ӡλũߡλ˸ַС㻹רŸ˼Ӳһ侩ģ;ٲ˵㡣
ӡޡȻΪ˷ˡ
ԱЦһ£ǣһ˹˴֡λͷġ
ָ˸ġ
Ĺ֣ˡ
һ֣
Цʱģ治֪Ծˡ
óʲôӶԸɸе棬е
ºͻػóֵأҪˮȥİո⡣
ƺá
ֵغðֵؾܹʡٵʳ
ǵˣϤԭˬɤ΢΢ЩƣЩ캰ˡѹԼٿˣֱ˿
·û˾ôɾͷ϶еɵġЬմʪ࣬ǻŰԵǳЦ⡣
˫ڵ÷ȥ͸޵ϣУ˾һжģвõ鶼ɿȥ
˻ûڣͼ˸ĵߣһЦôˣ
û뵽ԼôǱԼϲԼˣ軹һϳ
·ϺÿŶ
ۿе죺һġ
֪ʵóֻʳ˽⣬ܶȥ˽ġ˵㣬û˵ԣҲûø鷳˵ţ԰
صͷ
ӿ裬Ŀ۸ģĥһ£Ź֡ӦãڰɣͿƤӣ϶Ǿಡ޾ͬĸİ
˹ϲ·һȫǶ֪ˡ
Ӿ͵Ǹˣֺͷʶ˾ͽˡĶɣȥźãܷĿЩ
Ҽô˵ǲ졣˳ӵ˼һȥæˡȻλǵýԼҪ͵˷ϡ
˷͸ġ
߽ģֽ̧ͷϵôô󣿡
Ҳ֪Լĵӣֱ졣ץ˷·΢ͷ÷迴ԼѾۿߵ᣺ҾǾãܿࡣܵҲܡ
΢ͷһ˵ϡ
Ѿʪˣôܳܵסˮ
ָ˸ĵԴӡԼյĸ·ͷæ˵ĴﵽƤĦŲܣȴǼġ
΢˵룬ԼĴٶ˸ġ
˫ץøһ㣬ҵ̲סҧһڷ衣
Ʒ˰죬ЦһŹԼˣȻˣҪҵĻŮӺܶ඼ûȥæӪ·æȥǡ
ĵͷ
ĵͷֻҪ±꣬ݵˮȥ롣ʱֵʹˡʼôص⡣齫ŹȻҲȷܰæô
Ŀ϶ͷš


 120 

ʲô鶼еһΡ
ݴ󲿷ְնǵһ˴ˮ, ݸ¼, Ҳ˲ҵ֪Լȴǿһĵط, ֪νˮȥĶֲ⡣
ȴһ˻ϰ, һ߰ϰæһ߸ϰһЩ顣
˵͢Ѿ˵ڶĹٲ, ǻͷӶ׼ˡ
ٱ˵üһķϲ׺ͺĥɷɳʳ, Ҳѡһࡣ
ٱ˵, ˵ܶ硢ʩ
ϰ֮죬ߴð˴̺͸ڶ飬˭ʣ¼ˣٲȻʣ¸˵ЩϢ, ʲôذϢһš
, ֪ôǹү˵ˣҪﻹɵ, ϴһ¾ͺˡ
˵˵, ǻ˵ͺӡ״Ԫϲ, ٳסû, Ե١
ѹ, ˺öࡣ
һתͷЩܱӣ״ԪǳԶͺſ״Ԫģ˵Ҫ, ڴҶ֪ˡ
Ĳ֪⻰˼ˣٶԼʱЩĵЦĵĻСһ汾Ӵ˴˵Զھе˵ʲôΪŮһо֪ͨ״Ԫϲĥ
긵ĻǸСɵӣܾͨأಡĻ
ռ֪Բɾһ㣬Ҳȥ˵Ȥζһİԡ
̼
ôָ࣬ЩȤˡ
ʽԷʱ򣬸ľͶڽﻮԼ䵽ࡣϰճǸ·ʱˣʹԵǳϡҲúͷ·һתͷһĨȥˡ
ļӲ͵ʱ˰ڽҵǶĸġ
ΪЦߣôһǶ
ıգգۣҲûһˡڡ
Ⱥͷ˼˼ȥһ·裬µȫߣԷв⡣
Ц£͸˵ӵ͡
ʱ䶼ûԺõģӲͣ۾΢ԹԸŷ裬ڴԹѽòóѽô
ŸĶ챻ݰմߵĿֲ֧˴񣺡еɡá
ջһűͷڿͼԱ߻ֽסڼŶȻûпճԶиʿһԻ࣬ɱСڳԷĸˡ
һȺ˼һͷҲû̧æԼ顣
ǷϣڵģǸġϰһɰͰ͵ɣмɫģĲҶӡ
ߵԼλϣһһ붪Լ࣬һﶪ
Ķʱǡžһ
ɽ࣬һˡ
Цüë
˴ڷλǶ࣬˵л¡ں͸˵ˮλڵںͷ˵Ųɵİԡ
ţע⵽һˡ̧ۿ·ּȥԼ顣ʵǸݺΥ͸УææµµŮݡ
Ŀɰʪɣһζñھζá
࣬ٽ˴ȥ˼ȥæ
ϣֻˣԼȥ˯
ԭӵ˯һ񣬷͹˯һˣȻǸĸĺͷ˯˺͹˯
˯Ҳ򵥣մˮֺɾͷ΢һͿԴ·˯ˡ
տʼĻ˼һ£˯һе㲻̫á
ȻʵϷֺһ˯ʱֻǵøһǣʮֱ˯ˡ
һ̫ˣûʱȥǱ顣
ںڰеɴۣŵϧԼǰӵɱȿɳҪǱȷʵвţǶܴﵽˡ
ԼʵҲۣ¶е
Ƕŷ迴˺ðǶ˿Ű˯ȥ
ȵڶûӰҲȥæԼĿչ
תۡӲͬ˯ӹȥ˺Щ죬ˮλȥ˴롣вٵ¶ͷ
عٲŲٰԼķӺԴһϣ䷳θأֲףνܹѰҵķ
ǿˣǧҳԶһҪյĶЩĻ
ϰ棬ȴҲʵкܶһ黹Ҫʵڶ飬ڶе顣
ٲŰæһ죬ľǶһ죬;඼ûȵͿһ鳬ıӲòĵݡ
˴·Ĳŷݵˮȥ˲١¶ԶԤڡ
·⻹ûȥһ¡һѶںת
ֲ˲һĺɫӡǡò̫ͷ֣Լüȥǿһ£Ҽǵöϴְ
ûˮϴֶԼɾ
˵һ죬˲١ۻӪʱŲٿԷŮЦӯӯкЦӯӯкȥ
ϲʱ򣬲ϻȸӡӷȥˣҲɴֻ
ڲ𽥹ˣŮȻҲܳˡûմȹӣҲײഩͳһʽĿӡ
мСżѰĺӺһͷܵһͷٺܻ߶ţҿƽ
һţҿǷ״Ԫ
Ȼһ
ıЦֿʼĴѰټ
ıæô죬Ҳڻ˺üɫš黹ãɹƭģҸ㽲ȥ౾
ȷ軹ҷʱ򣬾ͼ边Ȼʮڸˡʵͬݶ㡰ũġ͡ġ
İտʼͼ⣬ͷԼ뷨Ӷǣÿɰ˵

ɷϱǸⱲӸʲô̲סˡǲܶԷöȽ˵֡
ֹ˼졣
һ磬
ͷĽʿһףŸߴĿӵǰȥ
ռ̽ͷ̽ԣ۷׷ס
ĸճ񣬾ͼƯھǶƥһ͹ˮģͺܹ
һԱԼʲôˣͻȻ˵ô
Աϸϸһ֪ģСӣƽ˽иֵصģ࣬ƽҲʱ䳡档
Ժ
˽лרŸֵصģ
ͣǴ̻ߵطפأʱϳ򼸸£һꡣʰҪ̫ɣʱҪһָʱѻⲿһ㲻Ǵ±һࡣ
еˡ
ר֧Ԯġ
ܿ죬Ӿ֪ͨƽǰ֧Ԯݰؽݡÿһӷһλٱֵء
ϰŵˡ
йټֵָأǿɷˡ
ȺĽʿҲûŸģû˲Լ͸֮Ĺϵһеķ裬ΪһеͬǡĽʡ񣬻ֻีĵԴ
ȷʵͦĽġ
ͦˬġ
ߣӪҺʼһҵv½ҲܵʮˣȫĶҲյһӪҺͨ¡ӪҺ

 121 

صı, ʱı, ټݵİգÿһ춼ݻȻһ¡
ԭشûʱռ, ĺӱֵ˶вרŸŸһǶϡ
ﾭѬ, ݰնԣ˿ɳһ, ʱõЩʳͺˡ¿ûô£͢Ǳһʳ, Ҳᱸա
عٲר˼ݵ, ͷϵһ첼רŸعȼõĶݵȥ˲٣кЩ˾ǡ
ǸˣϻǶ롣
һ鴫˴ϱ, Ȼ˻͵ʳʳҲ, ͷԺ͹ټҶһٳȥĶ
ͷ, طעŰȫ, ϰ϶ͻƽվͻ», ӹһ£Ѱ˼ǿԻؾˣ
̰ӵ, ݻ߲
ҡҡͷݡ
ӿ, ڴ
蹰֣Ҫרһ£Ȼ߲صйǵƺС
µһλıʿҲݡ
˳ŷĻϸ˵˷û˵͸˼⺲ֵ˼, ܼŻȥ͡дӣԱ˵µø֣һЩóũֲͻ˹
ʵ˹һݵȻͻӵ˻ȥʵû˻ȥ˵طͻһʱ䣬ӵûؾҲǵûʵ۲졣
ӱôѣԭˣЩλ̵
ЦЦûж˵ʲô

ǡ
˵Сˡ
˵ܲܰùף
ײѣµǺͷŹһ⡣
˵ҲǡҪ˵ѽǺãӹҲܿżͷŵڡһ겡أѹǰЩǲ
ϧ˷״Ԫ
٣ٿϧҲ䲻Ϸ״Ԫ
˵أѵˣ
һȺС˵˵ţЦŻೳ
ФϾ¥ɨ¥Щ޵ŮӡעݲȺЦţȴⱲӼ޲˷ݡ
ݣڻȨǰͺèǰһ㡣ٸߣֵվܷ졣һȥԲè
ޱ֪Ц֣㲻֪㱯ҡ
Դ˵ջ
Ҿ¥ϻ˵Ҫװޣͷܶණﱸȴǽװһһײϸ岻ʣҲ֪ʱܹڡ
Фһӿ첽ǰЦӯӯФк
Фˣ˵ͷɡǵǰ˭ǵôԼǰȹƣָˡ˵òǵ˵ֵûôõļ䡣
ֺù֣ФȾƵģҪǲ⣬һơ
ФƬ̣ð
յǽƣվ͵С졣

ĵĻ̡
ӱС񿴵ͨ죬ȭͷһȭСӡ
Աߺ¿ɨ棬ͷˣȷʵ
С˲Ļ̸˸оҲ൱վ£ͨˬУȴֲǵؽС
̫ɹں컨ҶϣԾһЩ̬ն͡ƽĽʿ˿̱˺һӵºͻڻ
ϧºױơ
һۣŭ峯ͷܡ
ھָָӱǸСǲǴ˻ݣתͷͲˣ㿴ҵǻ̵Ļʲôˣ
ӱȻˣû뵽ͻȻѰ¡
ȡԼ֣¶ĺӣ˶ҿҪǾҵ겼õúãһ˭Ǽҵĸ߼ۻأ
˶٣Ը챻ˣͳƽһŶûУ졣һˣ
ڳڵļӾ֪ʲô顣˵һ׶ԻһͽʲôһѢûڴʱ
ӱæǰͣҪɿ˴򣿡
ܻȻһȹٻˣȥ򣬲Ӧǽҿô
ƹӴ󳳴֣Ⱥˣ˵ˡҪţȻģ
ôһ˵˵ˣԱ򻨵˶סˡô˻ͻȻҪˣ
ӻһ£ʲôҪҪģⲻڰɣ
ղ򶼲ſûҲţУǿҽдҪûô죿
ƹԸСȥд򡣡
Ը꣬ߵߣɺܸߣ̶˸˺˰һе˳Բţ̣˵ûһȾ£һȾͷգ顣ץˣץ˳Ѫ˶С
ӱԼ¾ҪץԼץƳѪɲÿܱ˳Цܾá
ôǻţйϵˣһʱе㲻ס
ƹһ֣ǵøϸ˵ûۡҪǳȥ˵Ҫͷţôһ㣬Ҫġ
ӱסͷˣϽȸƹܡ
ƹµˡ
̻һЩ¥¸ӵĿɶȥˡûܵ˼ƹ˻һǱŵģָǴġ
кۼѰģԽģֻܽС⡣
ƹ֣˵ţϸ˵ˣԺ¿ɲ氡㻨ݲݵģжԶԶлģҲԡ
Ϊʲôѽ
Ѣе˾ǳرЩǰֲϣϱӷ˵ʲô飬ⱲӾһЩƹʼߣҪˣ磬򴭲һյʱ䲻ֱû
ӱƹĻŵôأ
ƹͷɲǡֻ˵㶫ǻõġҩЩʱ˾ͺáǧץץ̡ץû¡
΢һ㣺ôǻأ
ƹһȫǻⲻǿҲʹôҪЩҪ顣ͷˣ֪ˡǻ̸ˣǧùⲻȥ
ӣ
Ųùⲻȥ
ɤӣǸСأô飬ܹóǸɣ
ӱǰһҪ˵ʲôȴû뵽¿ֱ
¿ӱ˵һ˳ŸСġ¼ǵúƹһ
ӱſǱڵӡ
ԸС㣿
ͼʲô


 122 

еȱ˸, ûԼϡ
ҪǸ, ҲҪûֱ˵, ǾͻıԵĵĻǰλӾˡ
û״, Լܺߵ£νǷ裺СأҸȥ˲, Ǹ˰
ƹǸЦ£С㲡ڼңʵǳ
Ӳ, ѵˣ, һ纮صĶȥҶҲ
·˷˸ۣ˰ɣǶ˼ҸС˻˼ҹ˲ء
ʣ¼һ, ²ĻᴫȾɣ
ǰҶɩӵù, Ҳˡӵûá׼
⻰һڣƹһˡ
ӵһۣ㶮ʲôָȾϡҾҪһǸôˣǸһ, Ҫɡ
⻰һ, е˼־֡
ڻ, ָ˸ǮǮĻ, һ϶Ǹ, ΨһҪ̵Ǹ
һȺֽƹ
ƹͷˣ̾˿λˣҪҪС㣬Ҳֱ͸¶ġ
ü
ƹ̾Сǰӹ, һȾ˷纮ǴˡҪҪһǸ⣬ȥСܲλ׳ʿ̧Ǹ
Ȼƹ񿴡
˭˭ݣ
ҪǸСûֱˣ
ƹе㲻ŵģ䣺ҸտʼҲŰڶ֪£ѧͻȫǸŸСѧġܲԼ˶ܳų˰ɣ
ֹ
е־ﲻԡ
ƹӱЩɼСˣ
ӱһξҡҡͷ
ЩûŸС㡣˵ͦء˵²˴ǿţſĻء
˼ӱͷеԥϻǲģǶһģôǾͲң
˼ҷ״ԪÿͨȺð˳ﻹŽһŵǺ«
Ǻ«ģ൱Ƿ򣺡ңҲŲҪ㡣㲻ҪǮ˸С㣬˭֪ǲ̰˼ҸǮƣ˼ԸСǮϽ˴ˡ
ôһ˵˿ӵ
ҧźͨСӶʲô
ͨǲЩġ˵Լˣ˳·۰ˡ˭뵽Сôң²˵˲˻ϸŵķӡ
ҶҪҪǷ纮ˣ˵·ˡҪˣ˵˶ͨССͣݼտһӣĳЩһֵ޹ϡ
֪ĵ˻᲻֪ζе⡣
һֹ˵˼ҸСˣ̰İɣ
ɾôһ񶼸
ӱ˶źˣ
СȥѴˣҴææܹ˴ˣ
Ϊ˼ӿų̣С˴ľӣľӷ˴ܿһЩĴܵܿ죬ȴû뵽ԼܲӵСˡ
ԼĿˮһͼվ۵ӣŶӴһĨҩٲĨҩͷϡ
һͷһϹ˵ʲôأڡ
Ҵ򰡣ӶЦǻ˵˻ģڼڻſڻţǳԻ˶ġǰʲôȥˣ
ôһ˵˷ˣΪ
˻ǡҪΪôņ̃ȥˡҲܼң˾ûˡ
ӹҽ
ܻǺģҲӹҽʦǵҽʵۿġҩֵһ¾ôһΣ׬ˡ
ϰһɿҲ£
򣬻ңϾ飡
æ̧ͷȸλˡ˻̽ġ
æſλֱӽ͵ǰ죬Ͽ
ƹ״ĸСָ
ˣ˸˲õĴ
СЦһ

ϣӱæ˻̵飬ͺ¿һźͨǰ
ͨںС׬ţ֪ʲô
¿ӱߣȣһԲȴ˾úǰġ
ӱüͷΪʲôרԸС㡣˰죬Сʺ¿˵᲻ǸСˡǼҲǻиһȥ˵£Сô죿
¿ӱûôȥ¡
ӱǳ
¿ӱ˵һͬȥӣûʲô
ӱͷ
̾СǸܺõˡºֻͣ廨ȫΪżܿ˿ۡϻ˵⵽ɱ£ôš
¿˵
ŮǳҪ˵źǲһЩ︵Сһ£ʵûáûãղˣСղ˻Ǳϳ˾ǣ֪ʱл
¿Ų˶٣ּǰھǼ飬ҲʱܸܵΪСҪҪ飬ҪػԼҪػˡ
ˡӱǰȥš
Ŵ򿪣̽ͷλҪѰ˭
ӱ֣ͷǸС㻨̵İ﹤£͸С˵һ
ˡһ¿ǹ»СĴѾͷ˵СԲʱǲ˵ġ
ӱߵĺ¿¿ûԹ˵ţ˵һɡ
ӦͰȥˡ
һӸϳӱ˵˽ջ̷顣
üͷȫСģ
ӱӦˡӻǳʲôȵ˵һС֪飬Ӧһ㡣
ͷһתСġ
˫䣬ۻظֱӸ߸顣СԲżȻҪСǰ֡ԽǻҵĵطԽ޷С㡣
ȻǵĻˣҪСˡ
ԶݵĸȫȻֳ֪顣űӻؼ䣬ûвŴСӵеľЬմȾһӺһЬӵ͡ﾫúܣżݸٸʩˣҪˣ
Ǳеֵ˺ЦһΪԽԽأɶ簡
İѱӳ˸ɾ֣ǳԳ¡Գǻġ
ݸæͷ»һõ㡣
οͷš
߸պǱ˺ˣˣƣǳôôİ
ָϽչȥĳˡ
ȣˮ㣬㡣
ֻҪûˮǸõط
ˣˡ˽ȥ˹ˡ
һ裬첽Сȥ                        
ߣϹлλеӪҺףλԿԼˮƽõнԵԼԵĶ̣

 123 

ıQQڵĵطȥ
粨ӿ, ݻؽ
췿ӵ췿, ΧΧƵĺôʮ˼ҿԻæһ, ƴƴմֿԸʮע˵, ܰȥǺ顣
Ƕ˵ˣڽ, ؽɴһԵ㡣ϰʲôԵ, ¶һ, ͷǰͷ˼ڣ˳͢Ǯ׬ǵġ
ֺ£˭뵽
ϰջ, ЩʿΪٵ, Ȼֳɾ͸СһкԼ£ɼܶû, ɲǾͲ
Զ˿ݵ, Բʶֵϰ, 򵥵ķʽֱ׸ôһһʿڴͷ, һѧ, ҪַھӻǲǸɵġ
ļһ˳ü˷ڵĵء
š
ŲűʰǰˮλߵʱͣڲҪĶȫ, ôһ˳ȥ
ˮȥˣٲһѶͻطɨһ飬ȻܳܶľͷҪڣôʱŵ㴦ˡ
˿̾档
һ䣬ͼмλϣһ飬Դһһ㣬һ̾Ҫس˯ȥͷڰ̯ŵĵͼ̼ʹʲô
ü顣
ߵߣ̽̽ͷ

ûǧͼʲôӣͼԳͷΪؼڰ˳ɹһط͵һط
ڰϵĵͼɽˮе·ٺܶ࣬
Ƿݵıʶ
ˣЦЦ͹ȳȥ¡
ͷͷæϵ顣
Ÿĳţȵ⣬ŴӿڴóһСղ˵ǹҲ֪ôġ㳢
ʳȱ£ǿϡ
Ľӹ˵࣬ͷһԼƺһǣƺĳ䳲ġȡһŷŵ˵ţΪң
ʧЦ
տʼΪģһ͵ᣬ޲һŹ˶죬ѳˡΪҡȫȻŷɣ̬ת켫ˡ
ļʧЦʶԼղ˵еϽ˿ǣһ飺Ϊң
һ֮˼ȫȻˡ
Լ˼գգۣصУװһ·
Ҫีģûµȥ֡
һ飬ϴԡͲˡ£½ϵĺڻҸûˡͷͱᣬţû˹Ҳû˿ЩϴһΡ
Ҫ顣
źͷиӡƽչٲáûϴԼ·ȥϴһϴ˸ĵͷĻҪͷġ
ıܾһͷʲô飿˭ϳô
˵ģ˵ţûݵȺСӣûͷˡͷϹܣϴͷ鷳ɴ⡣
Ŀɲͷæͷϴϴ裬ͻȥ·
һ䣺ʲôô
룺ǵĻ£ؾǺǵҪȥǼһ¡
׶ϰ˵Ҫóףѵ׾졣ڳ˶ԣ׾ҪģҪȥרŵǼǡݲһ㣬Ҳǡͷһƽһݱ״̬ܵھ
һǼǣԴ빲
Цš
Ļȥ·۷ȥ͹æ
ĽŲ̧ͷͷʱ˳˵һ˹ϵͦõġ
Ӧһ
СùϵһֽԼҪĶ߶ȣûЩʱմŻȥ
Ц£˺ܹĹС㡣̫ԶôѲ͵һɡ
ֶ˶٣š
ԭó׵ϣϢͨܿյš˿ӣչáðûʲôҪĵģֻǡ
׻Щ
ܹ黹йչţó⣬һ
˵ҲûôšԳһ䣬Ҳûʲô˵㡣
迴ۺͷڴӡ
˵ˣҲûͼ˽˵ż
֪ôҲ̧ͷӡ̾˿ӵεֵ㶫˵㿴Ҫֵʲôô᲻õ㣿
ɣʡûͷ˻˵һЩŻ
ͷš
룬ͼϹǰ·Σﲻ࣬ȥϴ裬ҵ¾
裺
УղŲŽиĸϽȥϴ衣ȥϴ費Ǹô
ֲ˵Ҫϴ衣Ҫô˵ˣתͷ˵һϴô죿
ϴ裿Դһ٣ԼˣԵɵһ䣬⺲Ҫϴ裿һȥ
裺
ƺء
Լ˯ӣϴȵƣԸϴ߳ԣ
Цȥ׼һ¡ʡõȻȫײһ̫ݲ¡
ӵͷ˵Ҳǡ
ôһ˵÷˺ܴĲٿءЦ˳˷䣬΢˿ƽҲû⼸Ҫϴ裬ôȫһˡ
æȥ㷹ˣѰ㻹ڵľƣץʱȥѰģֻŸҪôЩҪôɴ໻ʱȥϴ衣
Լ·һڷڰ˷ۻȥ
ʰٶ̫˵㣬ڻſײҪȥķ衣Ķˣ˿յȣοڣӺ͹˵٣Ҫһϴ衣
ġһ˵ԼһϴȻ̫һϴ
ϰջˣԼǸ
̾ȿЩȥϴˣݡӺ͹˵顣ǰЩһӸ˵ˡ
ĸϽͷҳ졣һʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ÿУͷӦˡ
˷ͷж
һϽȥϴ裬һϽȥˣȥϴ衣
صʱŵķ䣬һ̹Ȼӣˣǰ˺ҽһӸ⣬ǲǿѰһѰһ¡


 124 

õϴ, ׳ƻ, ˮʱ޶ġ
ˮĵطĵطеֿòԶһ̫ķ, һ̫ĳ, ִܹϴԡʱ䵽
ĵһϴ, ˽ﻹ򻨡
֪ģȻѱõѬ, ɢһ㡣ͷæһ, ȻܵһĻø̲ס
üЦЦӿ϶
ÿϴȻ, ܡ
ˮˮ, š
Ľ·ˮŵĵط·, ˱ϵĿҨˮȰԼʪ, ϴɾ֮ٽȥһ¡ôһ¡
Щûϴ, ͷЩ, ˷еѡ
ϴȥȫµĺڻҷ, ˴ꡣԽԽԼ¶ණס񱷢úһ
ϴٿ죬Ҳϴͷϴӡʱûϴ, ʱࡣ
ĺòںԼԼǿ˹أɿȥˮ˰̾һڳ
ϴˮɲϴˮ߲һӿģһܣһ档
˵˵һʱ䣬ԼҲ㲻׼һ;ţĬʮϽͷ磬ﻹţԵԵ
Ҳ˲ӣʼϺڷۡ
һȫ˿顣
ģ
⡣ԭĨȥˮۣ·ôã̶ƤϡƽղϴҲ̫ɾԵƬͿĨһܿҲȾϷ۳͡
ԭȵˮϴ˸ɾϻʪģϷۡ
ˮԼϴȴ·
ܳȥ˵Ȼͷӵԡô졣
ʽ¿ܿ죬ͷʪţֻòš·Ȼ·ţͷ̽̽Դ
ܺãʱûˣֻԶػԼȫ
˵ͷץͷ·ܹȥһǻûɣ
ҡҡͷ
˿ԼģҲûͷ𣬱Ըת裬˵ϴˡ
ίʾСӣ²뿪µߡ
ָȻһ£һ¡
ֱӾܾˡѴ
˵ԼϴʱͲڣ־ԼϸҴ
һԭȵĲͬȫѡͨǵУһҪǱȫҲҪȷ˻š
ľãҿ˵ϴéû˱һͻỻŮϴéŹ
ֻΪ
ԼĶߣȥ·ץ·˰Լ˵鴦ˡ
ڼӺ͹ӿεķ裬֪εԼϱĸ͸齲ӽ˵
ӽӺˮһǳеķչ򣬵ѰĸͲʵһ濿һעҪʱ䡣
ϱ˻˺ܶȥѰſһƫƧߵĵطҵ˺ʵֻ˶ʱŸ˸
ƹ㡭ûſһ졣
˵˵епֻǳ룬ЩҪ˻ʱȥ顣ֻܳһǮճЧǷܹԤڡ
ԭ³壬˭ǸҪ黹һɹģе̾һǮǻãҪѰ⺲˵ӻˮȫһա
Ƴӡ
ȥҿһӶҵиչķ֡Ҫûũ飬һȥѰˡһҵˣԺĹǧشеĴ󹦼ָᱻΪũת
۹ޣϴ裺⺲֣ϴô
⺲ôʱ䣬Ҫμӣ˹Ըͷԣһҵ⺲֣ˣղ˵ʲô鶼ˡ
ʶ˵ʲôʲô飿
⺲Ц飬ʲôȥȡԼҪ·һͬУҿ˺æһ
ͷԼûٽչĵͼ̾ˣϴ衣㣬˵ʲôӲӵģһʱȫûԼҪɵ¡
赫Ц
һͬȥ·ϴ衣ӴʱͺͺͯһҲǷǳǳú趼һݳʲô
裬˽򻨣򻨵㣬룺ôף
͸һ衣
һ׵ˣѳ׵ˣžֻĵ޵ĶϾڳʣ·ӣճʵûʲôġ
ȳ裬ʩʩȻߣžǵ飬ݵ飬Լ顣ŻúЦû뵽Լܱѳȷ֣ȫȻ鲻ͬ
ӰٿЩͺˡ

˵һӣȻʶֻ˸졣˵Ҳ죬һӣȻ־ѹ˸¡
һȺ飬㽫ݵĻˮ⳹׽һεĺͷٻۡ
ˮҪˣмİõ
Ҫǵøǻÿŵ̰ءȻҪɳͷҪÿˮСʱרȥһ¡ֳˢɳʵԶȥǶڿѻ
￪ѣͷ겻˰ȫԼֶ˾Ͷǰյġ
֪Ϊľ߳˸췭ظڽܺáڵʥּ£˵ͺӵ׷ָϴŸμţͳһںӵ
򵥣֦϶ôܣЩӾͳˡ
ݲ죬Ǿˡ
ӣ˼Ǻףش鴦úܺãھܻȥˡｫԱҪԸݣǱҲǿӡ
ʵ۽ѡȨӡ
ҪǷӣǱȻѡݼšʵֵ׳꣬Ⱥھﳶȥעȫ֣Զ볯ðȫ
ϧӲףһҪؾǹ̹ӡ
Ҳؾǣĸݽ鴦óײСºļһð뷨ǲһµģǰͷĹȫ׷ˡ
Ҳô̬ȡ
ӻؾǣݡȻ軹ӵ˻ȥæ˵Լ꿪Ȼٻؾǳס
ӵȻǴӦ顣
֪Щ£е
ûؾǣȥһ»̵⡣ͷʱݣ̻ӦôټŮ졣
ϯҰ·ߣҧһݸӣŵСգҵȻעǻҪһ졣
Զ
ˣˣиܻ˹ʱݳϴһλǰνʮ
̧ͷˣ˻֣ء
ܹ˼Ҵҵģؾڴ㡣
գգۣҸʲô
Ҳֻ֪Ǹտʼ˵ڴһӲߣ⺲ֹϵġ˵󣬾ͿʼרŴˡ
룺֪ˡһᴦġ
ھǣô


 125 

Դϴϴ¼, ѧһµױʽ
һ۷ͷ, ȻԼϰѹĲ϶ΪϸúڻɫķۿԸƤ, Ȼ
һ, Ľ͵͵ϴ˺üˮ裬ɹʱڸԼϺױֻҪһʱϵˮ, ΢ӾС
֪ƾƤɫǲ, ԷܿһФϳ
̽˻˭
̽Ҫʲô飿
ȷԼھأ
ľһ, Ȼȷǿŵġţܳһ·ʵʺѰȡġ
ûе
˸˶Ϊھǡ
ֱʱѰ˳˵, ôһġ
˱ȻϢͨ, ʹԼλȨ֮ˣ߿϶ҲλȨ֮ˡ˼һȦ, ӻФĽǶ, ǾФ
ʮҲ, ԼʮӲû߽, ʮûʲôͻʮӸǲȥġ
˵ģó߷һ, 治֪˭
ֻλФȥͲһһǰɱʫʫִ⻹ҪֵĶ
벻ᡰ͵, ԽԽФ֣ƫû֤ݡ
ûһֻ뵽ϰȺУܿ̽ˡ
磬ȷ¶ͣҲͣûҹӣͨûʲô
˴ǾĺϣϡӴӴԼЬ۾Ĵţ˰˹λ
Ķ̧ͷŶ
ˣ
ôݿǾǿ
ڨЦ˹֣ϸˣף˼ԴʿȥϵľϧھǸ£ظһݡ
Ĵˡ
ǿƾûõΣǲ֪ļһ˸ıʿλãξ¡
ôø첲¶ͷĺף˼ԴˬЦ£̫ᰡ
ף˼ԴЦݸΣǲᡣڽϵط٣ԶطһС˽⡣˺ͷ˴ֵġ
ظף˼Դ֡ʣͷˮ
ף˼Դá
ͳһۣ
⡭
֪ˡ԰ɣĻȻ򣬡һҪʶֵġ
ף˼ԴһֱסֹӲʶ֣
ĺЦһרҾóֵءƾǿϵģǿǸˣ²ź˵Թʩչȭš⺲óƾٵģȻֲó
⻰ף˼Դ˿˸òǾλ
дҹ˵ģ
˵ˣһһƾٵģȻǸˡ
Ȼû뵽ĵĻÿһ䶼ʵȴ˵һѡƾٿϵԭһŮӲܿ治ó֣ǿ㸵ΪͲǸġ
ף˼ԴԴԼѰɣȷʵóƿʵóǰ֡⺲Ҫ̫󣬵л˴֣Ǹ˴֡
ġһ
˲á
ǰѧǻһֱѧѡŴרѧĻȷʵǿƾٿԻ£˲ţŶ̵ƹ񣬻ȥŵ֡
ġĸпţΪ°¡
ף˼ԴԭԸôֱеִڱ仰ˣøĿǻ˵ͷԶԣΪ°¡
ĳף˼ԴЦͷ°ɣǿϴˮ衣ݳӡҲŪ
ף˼Դ⻰ɿûáһΪÿ˶Ҫ
ġһȻǰ˵ڴңʲô˵ʺͷ⺲ߵýġ
ף˼Դ⻰΢̾˿ǰҲңΪʲôҪ顣˵ֹӿɱЦ
ĺ棺ΪʲôҪЦ
ף˼ԴŸЦ£ھʶһѣ˵һŮӡȻŮӺһŮӣҲǸСйڡ
ãȻ
ף˼Դ벻ףЦ˵£⺲һݣСͲˡȻΪСװ˸һˡҲطִСܴġ
ĵͷͣ˵˴Сڼúôţͷȳ׾ˡݳԿʲô
ף˼ԴŵͷǰҲô˵ٺõĹֻ죬־ͲڵòС˹ⱲԺｽʲôƴһƴֿࡣ
ļ׳˼𽥼ӿ졣
ҡͷ̾˵֪ټܸʲôŮӺŮֲ죬СС֣Ļӳϵ飿ѵҪԶȥ渵С㣿
ף˼Դ֣˵Ůһ̨档˼ֻǲϲҲûҪԸСôġȥϸС㣬ɲǸԼ𣿡
صͷԡ
ף˼ԴЩݳ˵ͷֱѿʶʵö˲ϲԹӶ࣬˵ͷ֪Ů˭ôФ
΢٣Ф
ף˼Դûвĵ԰˵Фˣô͸СȥƽһС顣
ĺЦǲף־ͼװôһŮӣ͵͵סڷ⺲ָѰʿǶαװţһѵӾ͸úӶϡ
ף˼ԴһЦδҲ
ĳף˼ԴЦһҪʲô飬Фһ㲻⡣ⲻ˵ûôףǸԼѵĻᡣ
ף˼Դһĥܡ𡱣ȷʵǸѵĻᡣ
ԺͲˡ
λͨ£ѹϵˣ׼ڷ⺲ǰû
ף˼ԴӦˣɰֻҪ˼ͺá
ĵͷǿ϶
ҪŻʻ
ĺף˼Դͷ˵ãתͷũȥѰεЩһԼͲĽʿαװɡС㡱ȥͷ豨¡
Ҫ׽ֱõġС㡱ڡ
Ľ£ף˼ԴȸϣЦ֪ˡǵλһˣҺһ¶Բߡ
ߣңСǣȥǶ߸ҽӪҺ
ǣӸõߵӪҺ
ңңҾQAQ

 126 

һ, Ƕ֪˸ĺʹӾף˼Դ̸֮
˼, ˵Ĺϵһ顣
ĵжϵȫеģ֮, ܹҲͽʶôЩˡҪôΪ˸, ҪôΪ棬Żһִɱ֡
Ѿ߳븵ͻ, ĿǰûԸġӸҲöԸ֡
һ, ֮ϵĶּ, Ҳ᲻ŵȥһСŮ֡ôһ㣬ҲǶͬڳϵСֶѡ
⿴ڸϡ
ĬŹ֪ģʫʫйصϢҳʺʫʫϵܺ, ͻ, ҲֻΪ˲Ҫͻֵˡ
ʺɵӣ˺, ǵˡΪһ, Լ¶ˡ
ʵζڶԸ֡Ҫ︵, ʺ
鶼鲻, ҪôԷǽ֮߰Ĵ, רŸ飬Ҫôݸߡߣݸߵɨβ˵·
Фϵô
㡣
Фһɨβ, ʵۡҲδز֪
ΪʲôФҪʫʫҪĵϱӸֻھǼһţһֱͬûнֵܶԼ֪
ФһûôڹϳûйעҲȫȻû뵽Ϊˡ
̫ð⣬øΣգ
˵̫ͨ
ԼԽڳͷǿԽǻỤŸĵĲŻںܳһʱ䣬ԳΪ͸ĵĵơ
һ쿸סˣԿֻҪ̫һεǰ̫Ρ
ǻʲô֪顣
˰죬΢üͷûܽȱٵĵ̫ؼǵؾФ֪ΪʲôФѡԸĶ֡
ף˼Դ˵ԼľФԸС㡣ͷҪûФ˼ֱ˵ΪƵһ
ĵһϣԳϡ

ŷ裬ֹ
ںͻ˵±ʽĺĻǼǱãȥͳơڶڻؾһˡصʱ䣬ɻļλӹĹ
Ҫǰȥ֧ӵߴˡ
ȫȻû뵽ʱؾһˣܿΪСֱӴӾ͵ܵ
Ȼֻ䴫ţЩ˵дʣ˵ĳլиûĴҹ㣬ſڻֵأһǾġ
ע⵽ߣ̧ۿ˿лҪ˵
ԥһ£һ䣺Щִԡ
ȻЦֻǴԶѣ˲Ҫ档
˵ֻǴԡȻҥˣĪ˾Լĸġ
ǶԻµʲô飬Ц˿Ľˣ
ʲôĽģ
һȺ˼ЦЦϽæȥԼ顣˵Ľɣڳÿ˶Ľϸ˵²÷ŵ̨˵
ϾһЩˣ״븵飬Ҳ뵽ԼҺӡԼŮҪǻûžΪ˸ֱǧ֮⣬ܽӵԴš
ûһԼ顣
˰ǴһһԷʱ䣬ȴûӰ
˵С׷ˣ
ڰɣҲûŸĸլרСס
а治һźԺӡЩһ¿ɱˡ
ôûףҾȫ¶ǳء
֮ǰڻ˵ˣ˴꿪ס죬Ҳô͡
İΪʮױٴء
һȺ˵еûģλġ
Ҳ飬һΪ׶ܹÿһЩûмӿ죬˵ǣ߻ûܽ
ĺͷСլԷȹͷǷԵǱǻ
ף˼Դֵôû̾Ϣ
ȴ˵ûжҲûؾˡ
˿ͳƻûáһ̲鶼ûоǷ㡣ǹƱϣǽܲҴĸ顣
ҵȴЩǸ򵥵ģˡ
ȷʵؾǼ֤ӵĵֲͷؾǣֹݰտ벻ҡ
ЦҲ벻㡣
С̡
һЩ̫߶׵˻ǲɹڣǰ㿴ˡһȣͷţüһĨ죬ЦͻƵġ
ƫҪ˵黰
Ĳ˼ӻת⣬˵ʵֻ˵廰ﲻʲôͷ趫һؾǺ˸·ɣյ·죬㶼ûɴġ
Ӧá
Ҫ˵ʲô黰ͷŸߺˣô
ף˼Դ
迴ģͼĵ˵СլӱŵĴŸĵͷܵǶɸ˽ȥ
ķָɲж类˸ɾñĵʱĵط
Ǳ߸αװСֽ꣬һĨȻɤӣεεѯһˣ˭ѽ
͸ͬʱһƤ
һԹԱ졣
ͷף˼Դ΢󣬴ˡѸմӾǴæϹһʲô԰ġ
ǰȥӭ˽ӾǸϹˡ
ӱ޵ļֱݣٶȿǵ¾ȼ
Ȼһӵɤ⺲֡ˮ˹ʿССң⺲û˵
ˮϲھҲ˵Ƿǳټڼ£ԼǴδ˵ôһ֣ھȫһӡ
ЦӺáʹóʲôݴæЩʲô飿³̿˵˵Һðȥȱ˵ʱ򡣡
ͷ͵š
ˮ˹Ƿǳȴһ䡰ȥ˵
񣬸
Ų𽥿ˮ˹ӣ⺲Ůӣһ֬ˮζ
ȷʵУڸϡ
ϾЩѬգֻͷϵζټһζ
ˮ˹ίʾ˵°ɡ˵깫ҲȥЪ£ϹȻƣ
ף˼ԴһҲͷͷĻ˵ǣҴҸϹαأ
ȻбҪˮ˹һǶ磬첽߹ȥӾǸϹɲǾΪ˺ͷ⺲˵仰ġ
ŲٶȺܿ죬̤ʵġ
ܿ죬Ҫ̽ͷȴҲ֪ܿʱ
ˮ˹ٵĽŲǳԼġ
⺲£Źǰˮ˹⣬⽫ݰںεأҪŮƣεȲҪƤŮӣ˷⺲ֵ
ģ
ȵȣô˷⺲ֵ
Է⺲ֶûô¹֣
ߣҹǧǼʶһ½һ򣡣ͼեǵӪҺ

 127 

Ĳ֪ˮ˹ĳ¾˼롣
ϲФǾһ˵, , ¾ɱأӳ, иŮӾ
ûԼ׷ŷʲô, Լͷ֮ʲôΪ°£Ҳ, һⲻǸô
ֲ潿εֻȡ
Ϣź
ǡС㡱ͻȻ, 𣺡ˣʲô֪˭ô
ˮ˹ŭ⣺ҲҪʲô⺲㲻Ҫ, Ҽ顣
ģ
ʲôʲô飿Իô̫ԡ
һ²۵ĻﻹرҪȥһֳԼǳԹȺڵıܣﲻסһӳ嶯
ĻǰݡС㡱ֱһ, ˵ɤͲ, ˮ˹һ𣺡㾹ȻҶҶֶš
һƹчRײľ졣
м仹ף˼Դ㡣, ˮû°ɣ
ˮӣӴ
ءһ
˱˦ڵ, ˴ŵʵڵ졣
, ΪºѯһǺ⣿ר̴Ӿµô
ˮ˹˲, ɱ˦ͷĿѣ, ǿҧгݺţô£⺲ȻԼףף˼Դҵţ
ף˼ԴȻЩ飬װһԼʲô֪ģɻֽǶѯʣôˣһû顣⺲, ˮΪ˹ֱһʱѡûжġ
ԸȥȰѷꡣ
ˮ˹Ƕ֡Ǹӳȴû뵽гһջײԼ޸֮ϡû뵽ǣ⺲־˽ϿԼԷ
ôˣ
ˮ˹ӲţȴҲġ
ôˣ
躰ĳԷˣѷꡣ
ƿ̽ͷ̽Կ˵ķ
ֻһͷǳҵӣϣŬȴȫֻ˵ŵ㾩ǻ
ղװСŸЦЦչ¶ԼĨſ֬һܣһȥϷ˵þŵˡ
Աߣкһף˼ԴףҪҪڣԼȥСá
ף˼Դ˼һԣæҡͷòãſǳԾͳɡ
ֵԼѿʼȰֵܣαֳأ㿴ִ򲻹ˣҲû㡣ŵսϣҪǽġ
⻰Ц˵е˼
ˮ˹ҪԼͬޣŵǽ
ļԷ
ʳȱţף˼ԴԣͷҪ˳Ծ⣬˷ѡ
ˮ˹ûף˼ԴҲ޻ɽˣ͸ĲųԺ÷ӺͿߣԼԼӰڵˮ˹ǰ棬¡
ĿǴȹӻŤŵ
еɻƼҽʿǸʲôԣôôϷѹǵıԡ
Լһˮˮ˹ЦЦ
ֱ̬ˡ
ڣФƽӦòϲӰɣ
ˮ˹һӱʹţɴ۾ŭӷ裬˾䣺ƨ
ĶӣŲһλãתĿ˷Ըˮ˹
תͷһ¸ģФͨӣ
ıʵϻλӣʵش𣺡úÿȾƣ֣
ˮ˹ŭɣŭɸġ
ҪŤתһ˶Լ̬ȣһڲ裬Цˮ˹ıԼ߸ıԷ͵ȫ޹ϵ
ˮ˹
ǣ˵ˣֻ˵һ㣺֮ùϵ㣬㲻ûп͸һ㣬ĸԸáˮ˹ˮ˵ô
ˮ˹һԲֻǵӵԵǱһ˿ı߸С
˶ܿǿ͸˵ģҲĸԸǹʹ
飬Ϊǡ赭дˮ˹ΪΪԼʲô˳ĵ飬ڶԷڲͬһЩФ֪µ£
ЦһҪ֪᲻Ϊֻ鷳㽫Ǳص档㣬ų㣬ֻ䳰ȷˣɱĻ䳰ȷ䲻ϡɴ㣬㲻·ˣΪһ޹ء
ף˼Դ˵ͷƤ顣
ҪôԼԻΪԼϲ£ͷǱӾǱӡָܳộ
ˮ˹죬ȴַ˵û
ФΪˣʧܺܵõĴֻֿܡ
ɴۣˡ
˵ô࣬ȷԼĲ²⡣Ȼش̽ϢФǰ˲һöʲôҪɫ
ֻӱг裬̽Ϣʱһ¶͸ǰ
ФΪˣΪʲôҪרŶԸС㣿ʳ⣬ûеõˮ˹Ļش
ף˼Դ裬鸵ĵģʵҲ֪Եɡ
Ф͸С֮ӦŮ֮以Ը񲻺϶ѡƺô򵥡
ļˮ˹ûش𣬾Ӧʲʲôˮ֪Ĳ࣬ƽФӴҲࡣ
ͷȷʵ
豭Żصϣաһ
һײͷǵһ
ǡ躬Цת˻磬ˮӦò̫Сһⰵɱİӣⰸھ˳츮šˮΪԭˣС¡ȴԼ˴鷳ҲФ˴鷳
ˮ˹Ȼۡ
ˮ˹ۣ̬Ȳ䣬ЦŰѿһԻЩһ˸ͷˣȻؾգֱӽȥ˳츮ФҲᱻΪһӷ
ˮ˹ٶȿڣФ޹ء
˵ţıɱسŮ죬ָʹ˼˺ƿѧӡ
ˮ˹ڴһ˿ң˵ˣФ޹ء
ָһԵĲ豭
Ѳ˲ѳдˡ
ֻ˺ԡ
̯ˮ˹Լ˵֣ûйأǵÿ˳츮˼ֻ֪ЩҲվϳãЩһǰ̡
ף˼ԴȫȻҿˡ
ھԼǷ˲ŻǰҴϢƾ֮ѧӶšͷõһģʡ͵ĵơ
·ǳתͷһˡ
Щ㶶ŷ衣
ԭһֱܵˣȴûǰֻдֵ֣ܱԼܣЦӯӯֵȻ˵ߡҩһϡƽ
ġ
òһֱͷúܺá
·һֱϴøɸɾ
ЬմȾͣµزŻ⻻Ь
Ϳҩ࣬ΪȥϵĶ
һֱû˵Լ뷨ֻ׶Էһ㷭
ţԼȷʵûؾǡȥҴûп̵ҩȨУרһ˻ʺǶҲá
͸ô׿ԽȾһ˺ۣһڳǰߡ
費֪ĵķˮ˹˳츮Ǹɵӣһ֮ô
ߣȥдˣ

 128 

ˮ˹ƿԡ
˳츮ȷʵһ֮ʡ, ֤֤ȫ, ȫ֤⣬ǿԸС㲻ġ
ں͸С̵ûй, Ǿ͵ÿ᲻󰸡
Ҫ̷, Ȼܿһ󣬽ǰ;Ǿ١ǣФ, ʹФһţФҲȻᵽһˡ
θΪºзִ, λȲ򵥡ɵФ, ȴηФҡ
ФҪȥ˳츮һˣ롣
ʲô鶼ûУҲᾭһѶ
»漰״Ԫɣһ, Ӹӡ
ˮ˹ԽԽû, ڻңҲҡ˵ʲô, ĵĻ˵, ͵Ļ԰, еֻܹͷһ, ʧǡ
ںѿһѸٳɳ, ǰȴûһ̨׿¡
ˮ˹ȻסٶȷŻ˵١Ūô꣬Щʱõ٣óҪñ˸߿, øߣߵ˲ò
ͣƬ̣ϴһ㸵ĳеºͣ㿪ʼˮ˹ṩ̨ףˮӵôģҿǺ˵һ˵ɡҲ֪Ҫŵ˵УǲФ
ܷô˵ˮ˹ң˿̵ˮ˹ƫФġ
֪һ㣬Ըˮ˹ƲФĻᡣҪѰ©óФʵĿġ
ˮ˹Ĭãӿŷ衣֪ԼˣȴҲֻ˳ŷĻ˵ȥѸѡ̹״ӿǿܴϡ
ʮ꣬òǻеĿӸ磬İϷȴ¡Ȼʵȴˮ˹֪ȫȻ෴״Ԫĵ״Ԫ
˴£Фı⡣ˮ˹ڣҳȥ¥Ⱦơھ¥ˣȻżФФܲȱŵˡʶ˶࣬˽¶࣬ҹĲꡣ
ȿ佱ĻڳﶼˣҲⲻˮ˹ʩ
ӶǷ裬˿佱Фųءͷʼ£ˮ˹ˮӳ˵ΪáմһҪ¡
ˮ˹ҭһ£Ƴ۸ģֻܾ˵ҼФ㣬ѯҪҪһȾơӦˡҺܸˣǮ˲پơ
󲿷ӵܼҾòǮôɡǮˡ
ƹѲФ˸С¡ڸС㿪Ļ˻ӣһ丵СĵǸС㲡óˮ˹תФʱĻФ˵С㱣׼ھǣǸŷ⺲ˡ
ˮ˹Ļ֪ǻ̻ôһ׮¡
ɬЦ£ҵʱƺȶˣ˵Фӡ֤顣Фвϲ˼øСѿһ㡣ûҪ˺С˼
Լ뷨ѰŮӲͬȴЩӣ֪ϰͷŮġˮ˹⻰Цˮӿ֪һŮӵѿһѰŮӶԣ״²˭ФѾɵһޡ
ˮ˹ûɻ飬ǸӣⷽȫȻ˽⣬ãȻġ
д˵ԹֱԣһЩŮӻᵱԲá
ˮ˹סɡɸСǾŮӡ
ԿηĿˮ˹ˮĲ֪Ǿ²ˣˮӳɻ飬ĴţɻɻɻԹ
ôһˮ˹˸ĵ˼
˰죺Ǹ
ǸãŻʲôãľЩ޷
¬ڵˮҲ
ҪЩˣαҪôԶȥԼȫȻİĵط֪ʱܻؼҡ
ȴǿ϶Ф֪ˣȥ¡鱩¶ǰˮ˹ʲôŵģô޷׷ϡ
ˮ˹ֻȷϢһˡ
룬͸˵һǾ͵ؾǡФǰˣȷݺ󣬻Фҵ½ֱӶ䡣
ĵͷ
ˮ˹ٶ˳Ĭ
˲ûԣֻ̫ŴȥԼȺ˵ĸܡܵȻῪʼܺѰ˼θýǰ顣
ҲǸĺˣˮ˹Ǹĵˡ
ˮ˹Ҳ֪࣬ף˼Դ˵һˮ˹ߡҺ˻ؾǻὫ˳츮ûˣʲô£еľһСҪۡ
ף˼Դԥ͵˳츮ǲ̫Щ
ݸǲһ٣Ȼͻң
ף˼Դˮ˹ˮ˹ѡһ١
˭ˮ˹ȴڣһȥ˳츮һˡ
˵ûʲô飬ǸͲΡ²ֺܴдȷʵøһЩۡǰ˵û㹻ǿФ콫һͣԶıĿ
ˮ˹΢ͷ裺˵˵ҵ˵˷⺲ֵˣ⺲ֻô
ˮ˹ߣЦ㲻֪á
ˮ˹÷ҲὫ͵˳츮г𱨳
̾˿
ˮ˹ȴû뵽ĻѪζ
軰תЦ̫ƯڳûϱӲûйˡرʮ겻е㶫ӶĲĵº͸һǣȴıԡ

̸һ䡣
Ƚף˼Դͳȥˮ˹غãŸ棺ˮ˹ֻһˣϵģһҪȷڡһٽｻӳȥ
ĵԴ
ĹԹԵģһƬ
ֽĵµļͷһǾ˳顣ҵѷ飬ҲҪˡ㲻ܱ˰жţ̫Σˡ
̾
ͱ˵Լ֣ߣ˵Ϊİȫ
˵ƭġ
Ķŷ迴ſί
֣ק˷䡣
˳䣬˷֡
ŮСҹԼһǰ˵֣ǰٸܵʹ˽һ죬ֵڶ㲻ú͸
һЦ̯ԼǰḧϷ˿ڣȥЩҩࡣ뿴ô˰̡ô˵ֲҪأ
Ҫˡ
һ˫ǧʷ֡
һ΢٣еƲ졣
ĸоԼ㹻ˣû뵽Լָڵ˿ڣгдµϼ룬жնĺ֢ǱҪ⻬
Щʱɻĵ˫ѲһǰϸƤ֡³ļ𽥱żƤûü˺ϻССһ鿨ϡ
ũȷʵʺϴҹ㡣
ջίĸģԼίˡ
ŵ㲻ģִŵԷۣͷ˷˿ڴ
ѵˮûκ˿حɫζ΢²ĳ嶯еĻ㼯
Լǰͷĸģһʱ޻
ܸܵ봫СԽǸ֪ԽǾǰʱͬķϡĻɳĮޣȴϹһû⡣
ĺ
ɿ֣ԴɬһȥϢˡ㿴ûؾʱգǵø˵һûٶҪź֡
Ӧ
ĺͷЦЦתеСᡣ
Ҫһ˯ͺˡ
迪ڽסġ
յġ
ĽŲͣ£ת۾еţ
΢΢£ŸЦҿһҪô
û˼еɻ󣺡ţʲôҪ󣿡
̧ԼĨһ£һȴⲻ͸С㺣ϡ
׶ˣܾ赭дˡ
һҪȴʵŲȥϻ˵ţǾһ¡
ظԼĻһ¡
Ӧžһ¡
˿ȷʵһ¡
ɾ˶ԶԷ
ߣд

 129 

, ·һǡ
۽J˵, ¸òеǡ
֮󣬰ո
ϵճ, Ʋ㲻, ÿһ̶þĶǣġݰһȻ, ÿһĳЧҲ𺳡
𲽻ָ, ͢ڰƽĸ, ҲƬһִķʽӰ쵽Ҽһ𽥿ѳѡ࣬û˵ȥĻҲ𽥸ı䡣
״Ԫ˵ˣһ, ֺǰʿǶռ, Ժһաܹ鲻ġҪãζЩˮҪر, ֵĹǮ׬һͷ
ϰվúе
˻˵ˣ״Ԫ˵, ҪĥһĶķ, ǸӡñϰҲϵ, ֤ʵ, ֱϾǣʵ͡ƺãָᱻ״һְٰ
ϰնˡ
ͻʵʲô˼ǹҫڵĴ飡
ʵǰУʵ˵ȴÿն֪, һҪͷ˵ܶϰղμš
Ļǻ˵ôһ䣺ּ˵ˣӽݰ׬Ǯ͢ģԺõݰϡ
һǻĸ֮һ
ɻһôõϰ
˺Ц´Ժ۵Ǯ½޺ӵȫǮޡȻΪϲݰոǮ϶ǲģԵʱվȡ΢һ·Ǯֻͭ壬ͽݸֻռǮ
·Ǯ
·ҲҪˣʾ·ģûȥ⡣룬ܹ𴦲ֵĵطŸǮǮǱǮǮôԵ㣬廹
ϰձôһһŪþ־
ۿǸǰ˶ɣͼ¸º֣ͼĻƲᡣڷ۱Ǯˣϰô᲻أ
￴Էɷֲ죿ʮ˼ǻѽ
۲ϲˣÿһʵ۶ˡ˭һ˺ôأ
⳯͢ǮĹôǲÿ궼ҪǮϰգ
أǮûģ
ĿģʥǸûʵۡ
ʵһ㣬Ҫۣ͢ǮϰÿҪϽ˰Ǯǲġ·ʲôǮʵܶǾ͵ȡġ
·ǮҪصϰնˣǿǺܴһ롣һͷͶطڽڱģǻٽķչ
ܲ滺ֵͨͣͭ⡣ֱһĶദ档
˳˵͢ţʵ棬͢ҲûǮȺҪǮ߽ͺϽʿҪǮԶ˽ҪǮάҪǮάطҪǮάֵϻҪǮʵҪ޽԰֣ǵԼС
͢ҪʰնҪ˰ǮȺܸʵɡ
˰ӣǰȫǡؼ˰һ൨Ǽۣط˶ҽ͢˰˻ŪȺ˽ģ̻ʵԼǮȡǮ
ҪǺѡ
һְպͳͬ͢չˣȶԣֶ͢÷չν۹ⳬ
ֻʱж̣ܶЧһʱܿƲ̿ʮ̤ɹƿĵڶҲͼذĶһһԵҪ̿Ҫʱࡣ
ҰԶֹʮʮꡣ
Ұ԰Ϊơ
ܶ˿츳Ŀ֮ٸǲġʲôʲô͢ʵ̫
Ҫǲ˼ҵӡ
ò׽ǿӸ˾˺͵ţܿŸ۷ǡ
͸ĺͷˣСѾͷĵطûС
Լͷܹô죬ֱҪ͵Ц
ΪҴС㣬ֵԼ͵֣װװӡͷһİ飬ͷ˵һ˵̵顣
ðһ䣺һ㻨ºܶӶûҪԷ
ľ£ÿ۾ԼܾôѹסԼЦ⣺һ취ģ㲻òЩ
̵ͷ
ⳡؾг̣Ψ
һ̫׵ÿ춼ȷһзסͷһ˯ĻᶼûСʲôС˵ƾǸû
һˮ˹ˮӣϰ˱ӺҪĶ࣬һҪӲһҪéޣر鷳һòͬί
һõӵܣƽھôоģ½ϣûˣԼתۻҪ˳츮ϸé޶Ҫ
ѵȺ˲é޵ô
ˮ˹ܣˮ˹벻ͨˮ˹ҪǲʶФͲôˣԼⱲӶû뵽еͷ
Ȼӹ̫ãܿ˲ſ¡

̾ӵˮ˹û뵽Լиҵһ졣
ػĵǶϹսܱ䱸Ϊϵˡǻǲͷǰ̽ȷϰȫøĺͷȥ
ˮ˹벻ͨ⣬ǶǻֵȥԼ󣬽׷ϴ飬ĸ·г̡
£ܿ̽鵽ǰ춯渵ĺͷ衣
̽ʾǰ·һ̫ˡӦǲŽ첻á²ͽ۲죬ױ¶ӺȲ̫ɡ
Ķ˼˵Ƿ·ϣΪضʱһ̣רȲ裿
ͷǡ
еȤǰҲùֶΣ
̹ϱʾùαװǺáȺȻרڸլУ֪顣ֵ½̺ܳ˻ȫǹ·͡ҪôѣҪôȫȻˡʱȫ˾ߣ·Ҫʱļûˡ
߶·ˣԸسŷʱն׼·ͬһʱΡһ߻ָȫ
ɢĻǲ·ż·ȱʸ·
ĺͷ˲û̫֪ʶȻ
뷨ܼ򵥣·ϴαװɸСλαװҺһһ·Сֱӽǡھ뾩ǲԶ
Ĳͬ⣬ҡͷУ̫ΣˡҪҵǶɱĵġ
賯ЦЦǿ϶ɱҡ
Ļҡͷǲͬ⡣
г̬飺޳ɷ·
û뵽ԼôУҲͬ⡣
˵ԷҲһӸαװ·ؾĶ飬һƵӦٽˡץܶڡ
裺
ģ
ûϹսˣȻʶսԣǲ˼࣬ȺıԵࡣ
̧ͷЦЦλΣ
ĿԾԾԣǵӣǱְݡ
žÿڱһǰİɡ
ĵͷĻͬ⡣
ʧЦǼǵûøСȫԣǾˡ


 130 

о, ľ·, ҷ·㣬˭·
ս˺ûս, ơ
ûս, ͣѪƶټս, ηѪ, жʤڼʱ, ƴǡ
Ƽҳļʿûͷ̫ͷǱ·һ·ŷǰ, һ·ŸĲƵ
ĵһز, Щš
سһ·ĨԼװ״̬˴ƥϷɳšʿһסżὫսϵԱԼ, һ·Ըı, ǳ䵱Աɫ
Ÿĵλʿȵ˵, Ľ, οһ丵ģĪ, ʧˣܴȫȫβĻ
ץ֣ô˵Ҹˡ
Ȼǰٷְٳɹ
ʿα죬Լͬ顣
ӷġ˷Ƕһ򵥡һǴ±Ľʿڡ
ģ
֪ȺǸڵġ
ۼԽԽ, һȺ˷ڣ岻ˡǾʵж֤ԼƼҾõóĺսʿʹǳڵһߵġ
Ĳ֪ǰͷΣսֳԶʲôȴԼһġ
һͷķ̬ȸĺúܶࡣ
ƽսñر߽꣬µĽʿƽÿѵδйϡ˴ıŵùġ
ΨһĲģԼŵλٴͻȹӴ
迴ǰŬĨȴɫ̲סڣ»ܲѧһѧױɫģ÷ǳףһ㶼ûдҹӡ
̾⺲֣ƼҾûŮӡҲҪеطѧС
ԡ
⻰ȷʵе
ûֻͳһݸһڰɣģʧܡ

⻰δҲˡ
ʹϡ
裺
豾Ůӵķס࣬ˮƽҹֵַ
Ⱥյܲһ㡣
˳ƼҾ˼ǰн
ܿ͸ϵ˲Աߡ
ͣ£貢û³ƿӿ۲̣ǰĲƺҲر¡֪ȺοҲ̵¾ɡ
Ըȥ裬ֳϸϸһ²̣ŷĵط
вźȲ裬ˡοеɣȫΡ
⿪̣ҡ˻ũ߻ԼʱӱϾͺ׿ȱڵġ
ע⵽ϸڣݸӡԭˡ
ܿһݸ裬һݸһҡҡͷʾˮȲá
ͷ۲롣
ǼΪͨĴֲ裬һﾹƮ޼ļҶҶӶֻܼ֮һƬһǮһ붼ֵĲҶͦ档
Ȳȡ
ˮ΢ƣûʲôζ
ǲ˱Ķвζǣ׺Աζ
αװСŭɤʲô裬Ѻˡ
˫۵Ͻ£ϴһϴԼ۾ûͷĵͬ顣ţܿô
˴СһͲ衣һЦݿ䣬һ˵ӣ˰ȣȵˮ
͹ǴĶģһ·
Ϸ
Ŷ·ȥ
٣˻ؾǣȥĶ
ͨǣ;оתվǰıؾ֮·
һȺ˺Ц˼䣬ƺûű˼
ŵļõ˲裬׷׻һۣתںȲ裬ͷ΢裬һûȥ˵ϡ
Ƭ̣˺Сתͷߡ
ԭһںȲ裬ʱʰҪ뿪ˡʰʰţ˾ͳߴչ˸ߺһ䣺Ӵͷи
ǰԼĵǰ
ͿЦαص棿˵Ц˵ˣ
ƿֱӳҹȥŽεεŭ
ˮڣֱһС·ɽһ㵽ϡ
ʲô⡣˵γԼΪţ͵ԼǸ
߳ӣվϣ΢ӸºЦһλ̨ûţ͵ԼǸ
ģǺϡ
ԭǷ״ԪЦһ˵ţǰ
ͷǺǡˣЩΧ͢٣Ӧ˳츮
Ǽ˵ȥȿʼץˡ
ǶˣҪѰ·˾㣬϶ԥԹۣתͷ͵͵ߵ˭˸ߺһ͢پ͸ô
˺ֱ
ղͲλҲ֪ͳ˹
ɫȻ乭׼׼֡
ʱһѵϢ˲ԣҽ㻹Ƿ¹һЩ
˲΢ͷһ𣬾ֵͷ
ߵСһץڻ˲ˡ
һɣ׼ҧɱ
ֽŸ죬ͷһקһת˵ÿճָͽ°͸жˡ
Цսô÷²ɱҪʻء
˵ˣҲԼСӼôѪȵĳ档Ȼȥ죬Ƕᱻƽżνзѵֱ̱Ӫء
ĸ󣬴Ӻͷ˲̡
һ²ĶܿһҵһֽһЩɫϸĩ
Աţкҩ
ŴӣǺѴˡ
̾ϢôñġڸǺкҩⲻ˶鷳ô
Ŀţ
ʵҪҩܷܶࡣ
ģ
ãȺ˻ҩȥġ
溰ɱԼǰˣһȺӦţһ˸Χ
ͷҺţʲô
ôôˣ

һֱ裬ʧǣܲ˽ԼĽذһ˹ȥ
Ŀͣһѽ£˸첲ͱ˸ѪܿΧ˸ˡ
αװɸĵ߳
ΧһȺ˼ˣ̷һ岻ľͳ
Цһ첽㿪սһѵȺ˺ɵһսôܶⲻǺͲҪһʡ
˼ӲͨͶҴˣŹҡҾǹոġ
ڿûͣ˽
ܹˣǶ׼һ˺֣Լ˶㲻ϣҲ϶˼ۡ
ΧԿȺȷʵǳŸġֻǿ⻹ҪһϷԵڵϷŮӲźĳͻ
ְγһսɵĽȿڻϻһ
Цѯǰˣ֪λҲ֪㲻㶫ģֲ˵飿
ͷһȴһģɱңҲ˵ġ
Աŷ蹰֣⺲֣黹
轫
һ̧һֱ֣ӽ˶ȥ㻹һֻ䣬һӣʮָʮֺʱ䡣
迴Цѯʣڿ˵˵˭ģ
ߣͻȻ̼.jpg

 131 

в, Ѳ
ܶʱЩ²־޵, ˵ڼȿ־ƣ£ῸסܻӦѶ, ˽, ˾ͻʶӦ
˵ͷԼĶ䣬ԼѪҺ, ŵ˴סú޷Ӧ
Ա߱ŵû뵽⺲ߵϲ̵ز, һʱ䶼ʮ־, вţҲм޴롣
ԶԶţѽһš
Ľͣսͷͨ䡣С㲻Ҫ¡ȺӦáϮٲǴ
Ӧ
ʱ򲢲, ֻǵķ衣ʮ, ǰÿ࣬϶ҲûôѪȵĳ档ĵضԼҲûֳ档
Ѷ˵ڶֻ, ǳ⣺ش, ûС
˴̧ͷ, ͻȻʶʲôһ¡, ȴ, ֻǴ˲κε
Ӳû뵽Լֱײеıʡ
ʹлûݵߣеĿ־ӡ˫ȷ, 𾢵ֿûС
˵ȥһֱ䡣ֻλƫ⣬ûȫ
ڳ˵һֱӱ
û˿ı仯һЦţûŲԼߡڵȴ𰸣ǰ˵Ļ֮ˡ
Цŵ˱ȲЦģԭֲ
ڳסˣһֱ۵֪
˻ûش𣬶ˣ˿Ըش𣿶˵һСϢҲɣֻҪģƱϮģܴᷢ䡣
Խ࣬Խ׳ͽ
ǰ˸ҹѵĽʿʱµˡ
ֻǱڱԺʿƽͳ򵥵¡ǵ˾̸Ͳˡһæ˲̵ˣǴǵˣƽնͷ˶Ի
Զˡ
°ͱжˮƲסߺޣûа취ϣֻܷص
ߣıߵߣʻ
豾Ϊ߹ҪΪģȴָİ߹ȴһ仰û˵濴ǰĳ
ɫºͣĵ䣺㲻ʺϿЩ
ĿԼǰһӣ֡޴롢ԼЩߺЩĵûлؿ裺ܿҾܿ
·һϣܿ˵ڶ֪Ҽȥܶ˼ҡܶ˼Ұһ˵С£˭Ҳ֪ǵļҵģԼ֪
㱻ץˣҲ¶˶١
ǵĻʵҲ˵ָģֻڲָ֪ɵ˭ˡԼҲ֪ҪͨһܹŹһ㡣
澩Ǻܶ˼¡¬ңлҵķ֧żҡ˵һɶû˵Фҵ֡
ǵĻ۲˵˺˵飬һעġ
˵Խ˵Խ˳˵ﲢûоʧ롣
˵ΰĻˣΪֹû¶
ġ
תͷ裬ᶨ˵ˣܿҾܿҾʮţҪʲô鶼Լһ˿š
㶣Цʮ
˭ܱ˭һ㰡
ڳץģͣһʱЩԶԡ
δ̫СһЩ
ɾôС͵ˣݣץ֡
һ߸пݣһԼҲʮϵսðСӲƼҺˣȻֻǸŮӣȴüϵ˶ǰ
пûӰ쵽͸ġ
ԸȰ˵ţҲ̫Ѫ˯ã˼࣬
İ㲻ҲǣϱҲûⱲôܻ΢ͷܿ϶һһ˵ţң¡
һЩ̫ɾۡѪſֲˡ̾ϢһȰָ׺ͽָףٿһ룬ȥָֺ
ץ˷ˣ￪ʼ衣
ȴûиĿڡ
͸ȫԶȺһʲôϾΪֹǶ⽫ֵ˸
治֪ɵĿǿʼɱˣΪʲô˵ѵȫô
֪Ʈжҡ
мᶨΪںƭ˵ġ
䱻״̬ɳɤӿڣФҡФµ֡۶࣬Ҫ֪ӻȷФңҲų֡
һڣΧ˺ȻͶˡ
ڵԹЩȨʿһûǵϡ˾ǻã޹ءǵ⣬ķǵ֡
ԸֹѪ
ǰԴ
˼Լ˿ڣȴǺ֪޾һ˵Իûͣ죺Ҳ֪Фҵ˭һΪϣʲô鶼˾ȡ浱˵Ǽңֺʲô鶼ġ
˵ңٶȷˡ
ԸȫŴϾǡ
ˢˢʼ֣ľƳ˷ƽ˶ѷͷһ׼ƻؾǡ
ļһ䣬΢˿
˵䣺ǶʵϢڻҪЩؾǡʵʱǵ÷ֿʣʡǻ֮Ͽڹ
Ƿ׷Ӧ
ڱţ˵ʲôȻܵһ󲻶Ծ
Զһ裺ûʲô
нĳھǶû뻮һ
˳Ÿߵķȥʱһ㶼û
һϽſڵϢٺ͸Լ˵һǾӡ
뾩ǿɻһξ룬ľӻôһ·ͻȻ
üͷｫܻʱڸ˶һ飬гһüΪܣȴֻпֵܳ֡
Ĳ֪²⣬˴
ԭԵƬ̣ͨ˶ܸܵµ΢𶯡
ǰĶ֣ͷĵɿܹȺһȦӭƮ紵ң졣
һơ֣ʾ˼˵ݡ
ƼҵĽʿƼҵı
ǲЩ˵ģ¡Ƽңֻиĵľ˾ˣƽ
սϼϣǵ٣ôмλе١
ĳ֣ͷǳΧסĽ죬˫ǣǰ
΢΢˫ۣǵһؼơȷ赱Ϊ״ԪνֻҪҡ
ƥϸߣԵͬһǹֱͦͦǶһףԴףǿ࣬ȴⲢء
ȥݣûĳٶۡ
û¶ӣ¶һ˫۾
˫۾ڣͷκε
İ˵Ҳ֪öһԼδľ˾˵ʲô
ͷǰİˣһƬհס
ɻƽʸġ
ҡҡͷ
ƽͷǾ
ʲô˵ģѯʷ裺⺲
ܾ⻰ŵ˼ƽ֣нλ裬ƽ
ƽӦһһؾ
䣬ǣһƥר͵˷ǰƥΪߴѪͳ⣬۾Ϳɿȷ赱νʱá
û뵽ԼȻڽͬ˵Ļᶼûˣ𾪿˷衣
ô˵ԼԼ
ܵ𾪵ߣٶȹ֣ɴŸСͬ˴
⻰һڳ߶˷ϣȫζ
ߣңڣдˡ
ң죬ع
ܻ΢һʵǺӡǼǵӪҺˡ

 132 

ӷĽǶ, ⸵ҪԼͬ˵뷨
Ҳϲ͸ĵеûġ
ƽĽǶ, Ǿ͡Ĳ䡱һȡֻҪʸƽ, ֺӸ, Ҳǡ׸ơһȡ
ɴϣ͸һͬ, ˷ƽѡ
ȻƽҪ, ɻ÷ѡ񲢲ȫ֡ͬʵʺϸ·, ⺲̫Ů鳤ʡ
˶ڴƽķӦ
ƽǰûбϥսԼȨˣøĿ˵۹ȷʵ, һ
ϧԪԴӺ̶ܴ, ϵˡ
֪ǰλķΡ
ôһѹȸеߴһ裬ֿ, ѯʸģôѡ
û뵽ѡȨԼϡ
еŮɵ, ڴԼͷٴͬ, ־úڵĳϲʺšһ˾˲ϲµô죿
ƽԥԥ, ٶȿڣͷ⺲ͬ, ǾӦǾȥ
ͣһ£ǰû仯ȴǺͳĽʿһ, ֲ´ˮ޳Ǹ˼ȻҪ뻻ͬ
΢̧βν
ͻȻ㵽ֵβνУڡ
ƽĽܣβνǾԺɻؾΪ١ûˣͦģģܺá
ס
裺
ƽֿʼָʹ
ָʹ̳УܲԸ
ƽܣһסھǣһߡƼ
Ƕľѧӣһͱһ󣬻Ӣ顣ͬҪʲôʲôʵ˶ȥе㲻ɻ飬պҰһˡ
ƼҾһ͵ֳԱߵчRһ´Դ
ЦŻӦƽ͸СѶ顣
ЦЦƽĶӿνǳζ˿Ŷ뺰
ƽŶһͣû£ҾʡһĺŮһϲһ޶أ
裺
ܹ֮治С͢ƳһһޣܹƷȨƺƷȢһ檡طƫԶĵطߺϱߣвŮӵҵġ
ΪŮϡ٣ֵܼһһλŮӹӡ
ƽԼʵӵкܴ󡰶⡱
ƽƽĬԣưﲻ仰ƽ˵һǲࡱһ䡰ʵ˲Ŵ־ǡ
Ϊӡ̣˿ƽ顣
Ҫ˵ȣƽǻǺܳȵģڵڣϢƽȣ˵û٩ζһǳںṩ
Ŀ裬ٿƽ˽ţһҪˡ
ԷԼȥ⣬ȴԹԱʾȥ
Ǵɣ꼰޹
ƿӣǳгǱʾ̣Ȼõȼˡ
ƽ衣
Ц̾һߣ䷭ϣͷƽл
ʵ˵Ҫ˵ˣƽץС۲ţ˵ʲô»Ҫȥ֮Ļ
ס
ƽŷ̬в졣ѧ߱ѧĶǲʲôѶȵĶСΧתִƥͷȫҪϰġ
ѵ˵žʲôţʲôܿűܴɣ
ƽ࣬Ը£˴£̡
ƼҾжôߵ˴ߣòĲ̲ԭѪ棬Ⱥʿڸˡ
һ̡
һƿӿͷλе㲻̫ҡ
ƽ͸鲻̫һڹٳϳô꣬˿²˵ϰߡԴСΪĶɵʮĺ£аʲôټӡ
ƽÿնҪͳʿҪڳԼļƣ˾񡱡Ҫ㹻ǿǿӡǡ
ߣߣͲһơ
ճкٻӴˣԽҲʷ˵˵ĴԡǸĸ뱣ͬ
ΪӴΪأԵ벻ҿ
ĲҿͷֻǶ͵˻ὲʲô
˿ͷķƽȷʵġ
ѯƽҪְ
ƽӦһ
üְ£ƽ£ûɹΡĹԱ귵һΣԶһЩĸɴֱ귵һΣ߸ɴһԱ
ƽʵƺرΣڸûǹؾְ
ȷƽؾְһƵǵϢô
⻰ͷĺɶȥ
ƽƳ۷裬⺢ȷʵܶ࣬ѹֿ״Ԫ൱ܳ衣
ҪӦ㣬ǵͬӦעݡעģע̶ȴﵽһõĳ̶ȡҪǲӦһ㣬·Եб˼ڡ
ƽ㿴ۣûӦҲûӦָֻ˹״̬Ľȥ
ƽôۣԹҲ¶Ȼûбֳ飬൱Ƽţӹÿ࣬Ƥһ㡣λؾܺú
ЦƽǶʲôõĸҩԸĲ֡
ʿͿĨĸҩĺöƽҪܵõҩá
ƽô࣬Ǹ˵㷴Ӧ֪ͳһСƿ
ЦӹҩƿƽллȻϸҩš
̲ס
죬ʲôܿҲƨĵϡ
ģ
ÿһӣ̽СԴ̽С󣺡š
Լ֣ӷǶӹҩƿƽллл˾ˡ
ƽľ˾ˡ
ƽǰĵлмûӦ𣬺Ÿº͵лҲӦһõġ
С飬Ӧġ
һõġ㹻ƽ̬ȡ
Ǹ㹻õֳõŮȻҲ㹻ĳ硣ºּǿ²֣ƣΪ£ѲƼӵˡ
һ͵лؾ·Ӽһ˴롣
ҲǿкƽǺǰһ͸һûһšڵλߣӦ֪Ҳ࣬͸Ļͻϣûʲô˵ƽġ
ƽҲôԻ
һԣûκƵ£ȴûдŵԱһˡ
͵ƼҵϢȷû˵
棬ȴСĺϲȨȱڣӵɵǿԣһŸĵġ
㹻αװαװһӵġ
˻ϲҲ䡣
˵㣬̫ܴ
ƽĬĬϰ䰲Žճ̣ʱľӦûͦȤ
ߣƽɧ.jpg

 133 

ؾһ·, ߵò, ʵȴǱȸԭߵٶȸһЩ
ߵعϡƼҾϰ߸·, ҿջկӪ, վ·Լ뷨, ԸĻ߷Ϊȡ
;˼סʱ
о·ϵʱɱʼõö࣬, , ʽʵáϳԴø¶ӪĴ
;˾ҪϴαװŮӸеװ㲻סʲôʲô, ˵ôסôס, Թɣº, żϲ仨, Сա
ȫ¶һ֡, һʧɢáߡһϱӵŮ顣
ǰƽгеλи, ࿴֮, ȥҷ裬벻Ҫ֡
Цžܾڳ˵Σ
ʿʮϧ, Ҳȥƽ˵顣ƽ˵ǹǻǣдѣ
д׵µڶﲻñ˿Ÿ·
趥ԽԽĽʵĬĬһ㣬ÿʱѰȥһѧĵģܾвͻᱻһ١
ƼҾھפ
ƽԴһС֧飬ѹűһ·ˮ˹һȺˣͷ͸һǡ
ſڲϸȷ󣬿Ž˷С
ŸкŵĹԱϽܹʺ򣺡ƽڳΪϴ硣ϴ粢δˣǽЩʣգ
迴ƽ
աϳ࣬ҪʰƽŹԱͷ
Աܵõƽôʮ־ϲӦúãͽƼլӣ
ƽܾˣãȥǡ
ԱæͷúáƽҪȥһ˸˵ͷ⺲һ
Ƽķ⺲֣⺲ֺƽְ̫Ϊƽģʱųŷ⺲ֺЦЦ
ƽӦš
΢ͷԼ˵ͷֱˡ
⺲ּԱûˣ֪ԱŻҪӵݡλԱ˼䣺Ҵݻؾһ鷳¡սãƽ˳·ŽһҵҪȽЩµȥ٣źȥʥ
ԱȻԭˣл⺲֡ȥ¡
Цŵͷϡ
һ˻صǣȫһ˳츮
˳츮æϵʱѾʮͷۣȲСƽоԼͷˡʵڲû찡»ܻܲ¡
˽꣬ˣԼǰһȺ޵ļһ̾ôкЩģˣǰİȫ
Ҫҹ
ȫȥ˳츮ˣƽͷһ͸Ļظ
ĵ˸ſڣͷƽȴƽûһ˼
赹
ųѿ첽ȥͨ
΢ͷѯƽ˾˿Ҫһ
ƽߣصƽ󡣶ƽھܾʵ۵ԼҲܾ˸ĵԼá
˶٣ǶԷ˵ƽûµǶһÿһһء
ÿһһܽƽûô
ı⻰ЦûƽܾһԷ¡
û뵽Լһ·ڣصǻиЦ֣ǿ±ȻǺ£һһսһԷȳԸȥҽ
ƽ˵Ÿʲô
ǰȷʵˣְѻ˻ȥšһҲ³Է͸黹ڡü׶Ρ
ƽ˵ͷûȸ˳Լֱӳˡ
ſھ¸ĺͷԼ˵
û
Ŀƽ뿪ת򸵸ػؾǣԼ̬һЩƺٻ⡰ⲻҼҡߡǶҺǲĿġҲپáҲҴˡߡҸö¡
ݰվôһ֣ÿмʣˡһǺ¡
Ҳе뷨
žһ£Լ˺ԼˣǺϼӺá
С㣡ŵǻܳôպһ͵ܳȥҿɵˣ
ĺþò飬һĻʶǡԲڴ״̬
˲ۿҲе죺飡
ⱲӶûԼСֿôãܳžСߡСˡˡָǴֲڵУϲ˵̲סરાµ
Ŀס
СѾͷƽһС͸һЩڸҪϷʵǺܼѡæ飺㿴û£һ鶼ûеġ
ںͷʲô˵
Ϊµݡڸġ
Ǽŷ裬ͷд⣬ԼСܽնڸϡܽ̽ϣǼ⣬Ҳͷȥ˵
ȥֱȥԷ
͹ﶼûӭӡ
ǰһǲԵǺܶûŮһһֱƭĻڸ³ûдƣأʵڲ߶ֻϸš
һӲ˸ţǶҪټӲˡ
һڣ鸴ӵĸ͹񣺡ʱλˡ
͹һӵĻɼ黹ڸıϿĨᣬ͵͵һ±ӣʵ̫ңֻ˵һ䣺ȳԷɡ
һ䣺⺲Ҳ
ĺͷ
ϣƷƷˮȫ
Ĳö˵ݵ£͹ｲЩݵˮΣݻΣݵֲΡ
ˡ
ʵ֪ܶีǶ£һ˵ģܸܲһ
̲סӼвˣԵ㣬ʲôʱ˵ƣˡǶţԳ԰
úõ֮磬˵ˣ˶ûƷֶࡣ
ĺͷ豻СɽһĲˣÿ΢Եһ㣬ֱµĲˡ
軹˵˻ĺǻ·˵С顣ƽ˳·һؾջˡ
ƽǴ¡
û٣˼¡
Ц˵ſڵ£˾˻˵÷ÿһնȥһǶúһ
̧Ƴ裬˵΢ĳʲôÿһࡣݵ㻹û˵塣
ס
ˣػؾÿ춼г̰ţһ˲˶̫
ļеΣڲЦ˶ᶶüȫ䡣
ֻҪġˮĶиҲö
ŸЦݻûȥĿɿڴӣĵͷ˵ǡʡСҼͷܡЩʻ˵ǲǲϿβŲôá
Ľס
黭ͨˮƽ
ҪϿΣҪۣҪ˻̣Ҫؾ·Ǹ顣
ؾҲܲù
Цȥ̾ء


 134 

ְŵ, ԵöӹԲ, һȥ鷿һȥ˹ҡ
鷿︵ͷáûÿһչһ, ȴҲٶ, ظҲǵȥϲ, ĶǺã˵¾ֺ, ˶пһΪ
Ϊ, ҲΪõôһȻЩһһӦ£̬൱Ͽҡ
һͷȥҵĸģ, ˹ĸ
ٽ, ЩĶһһߴ硣
ҽôҶ, ȴҲǵø˵΢߶߶, ˿Żܾ
ϳʳú, һСȦ, ЩʱҲǵٳһ, »ͷӸų̫ãϳʲô
ʫʫʱһֱźŵġŮҪעЩʲô֪һ
۾ɵùԲǲ˯ѽ
˵С߶ӵô
ﱻ鶺֣Ӧǵġ߶߶, »ؾܼСһŵʱƤ϶Ժ󻹵ĶܽŲС
Ĳ̺ܽӣȴҲӦţš
ﲢûݵ飬Ҳû˵ʲô顣˫ĬԹ֪еʱٸʵײһ¡ֻǵţżĺӳڴ
޹Ա޹Ȩƣ޹棬ֻغڴ
СС飬Ĳڱߡ
Ųӯѯߺòֹס飺飬⺲ڻ鷿ô
ղһֱڸߣ֪⺲ڲ鷿̰︵ȥһ߸ģ⹫ڻ鷿ʱǿȥˡ
ĵͷǰ鷿׼ͷ
鷿ǶţԶԶƼԺĻܼů紵µĵӰζǶջѩûŶ䣬Ȼȡˬܶ࣬ø̲סζ·ֱžĻʲô
鷿ͼŮпȵӱߣż򵥵ĳȹºͣȵ財ŵĳ´룬˼ɢ顣
һӰҡΣ˱ǡ
ǹ¶仯һ
һĸо
ıȴе㲻ҴŵĸġЩҪǰһĻжһƪ񸳡
λСһӦȻЦӿŲҪȥô㣿
賯Цš
˽鳯ߡ
ĵϸͷ轲ĺӣ֪ӳ᲻Ƥ˵ϲϹڣر𰮶
ţЦӦš
һֱߵſڣĲŲٿڣ˲÷ŷ뿪Ľ׶Ρ
ȥҷȥҷ費ͬھʲôҪ˼С
ͬܣȴò뿪
ѹԼеǵ㴥ŸĹ֣Ȼȥˡ
Ӧ
Цһ£Ļе㲻ߵģû˵ʲôշýĺܶ½ˣܰĽȢ
˸רŸ׼̽ԴŸ˵һȥɣЩЪ¡
ĹԹӦŶ
ӣ뿪ˡ
ĵˣŲŲظϣз衣

ǵҹȫȻͬģ̫ͬһ̫
˯Ͳųѹڱ㲻Ҫ𴲡
һ뵽𴲾Ҫһշæ̲סͼӡ
ϰߵϢһѹһΣԵɵȷʱ磬˯˹ȥٶˡ
ͷ̫ۣյů
ĸԼ˰裬ӱ
ϴ£ȥԼһ̡
ϲҩ࣬±ע⵽Լϴֲ쳣ɴཫƵҲˡ
ڱϺ͸Ļ㱨ŻǰСµĻȥˡǮջһָƹڵתһȥݣԭƹ񡣡
Ӧ
˵ţЩʱЩǰ˵˻Ѣ£Ӱ˵⡣
Ӧһ
˻ǶŸͣٺͻڼ˴к˷ſĿǡи¥ûˣ̵Ȼֻȥһ
˶࣬һЩǱȻҲ˵⡣
ĻȦִ鶯濵ҵľ¥
¥ſڣһ³ͼͬФ
̫ˡ
̧ͷŽ˵ФЦɹʳˡ
ФҲû뵽ԼôġʶǷ˵ʲô󣬳Ÿ΢üȾô
Ĺ֣Ȳ衣
˳ͷߣһжһˣû㣬һ߲Ѿͷ
¥ż䣬С
Сˮ͵żЦӯӯλϿ䡣λûʲôӦｫطóٽȥ߶š
żż䣬Ҫ¡
¥ⷽģȻҲѰþ¥
ФԼ˾ƣƷһڣŸ豭ģû˵ʲô£¶ȸпڡ
ĸ²豭Ը飺飬ȥſš
еԥ
עФҪż£ֹФ鷳ФҶ鷳
ƽ˾ǣδ򣬸ĺܡФҲ˭ᰵ֣ȴϳ֡һ֣ɲС¡
ФЦһ
ЦˣŸϡ
żʱֻʣ¸ĺФˡ
ĿФüȴûжЦ⡣ƽô̵Ůӣܹ黹ԼƢʵ벻ͨ⣺ФΪʲôôң
㣿
ФʧЦ
ԼƱľһǷЦ㣬ڡ
ǰЩؾ·ϣͼɱҡԸФƣ˵ФˡФǻʮ
ФŸĸԼƣûټȡʸģʮ
ӦʮЩлԼʮҹǰпܵġǵһпܣǲġ
Ĳ²ҲҪأФҼҴҵФˣʮȼʼ֮ˡЩҪФңҲǲܡ
ФţøͷǴֹڼͷʲôŮӡ
ЦٶʸģĲȾƣ
ҡҡͷ
ϧФ̧֣׽һ˻ֶ֪ܶɫԽƯԽжϺܶණΪάԼǵȻҪöԼ
Ф
ФǸ˾޵ŮӣӣĻ滭ףĲѧ
˽һȻʵġ
Ůȴ̫Լж࿴Щͷ羰
㲻ڣ㵹СФŵһЩŵ΢а˸ļЩļң۷ۣȴ
ΣЦŸ˵ϣҲûҡ
ٶʸģҺΣ


 135 

ӵһôһˡ
ƺȫֵǮ, ׾پͿͷж, ǰФж
ФЦÿԼ, ̧һ볦
, ȴվ֮ϵġ
û˿תФΪʲôҪɱ
Фٵһ, ΢һھƣ΢, ʵǰû, Ǵŵ̬Ƕȥ̫ãòʲôҶˡ
Ȼս
üôһ죬гһɰ롣ФŵЦ⣬к¶ռȥ, ƾʲôء
ʸģƾʲôأ

ĵʱ, ҲʹԼʹˣ´󲿷˶ܿ, ƾʲôʲôأ
ʱߴ˶, ѧУĴ˶ǣֻǿ, ˰
˰
Ľͼ, ʵûдڻĽЩԳٲֵ, ĽЩӵͥˡ
ֻſˣԼж˵ʱǺܿµġ
ҪǻһˣĻȰ, ϻкܶ˺ȥעݵİΪ˻ȥͺŬ
ɸĲȰФ
ֶɱʫʫڻ޻ڣͲǸ˵Ȱ˵ġФҺƼܴôǾеĴ塣
ФõĴδʫʫ١ĳ̶ֳ˵ʫʫõĸ࣬ɣѡҪʲôӣȫŵԼô
վֱԸФƾƴδˣƾһѾͷҲԴ
ǿѹûϵĲˮФͷϣǿѹԼһǻߺޣФƾʲôеĺôܱФռأ
ûҪõ𰸡
ſתͷФ˵ţǵ˱տʼ㡣
˵մţ̤ȥ
Фһˡ
ФƱϣָţ߻ڸ뿪ϡһº͵Ĺңܹʲôأ
ºͺ͵ˣʲô
ФƱɨ棬ԼƵʽοһʫʫû˵κλֻЦһʮ

ģƹȷ˽նԼ˶ʱ䣬Լˡ
СͷƹֹһղŸСФ˵仰ղ̫áФҪڡ
ƹСһֲۣҲˡƱǮȵ̳Ӿơⲻأ
Сƹ˵Цһߡ
ƹǼɫɫˣ˭һӦԵķʽСƹ
СҲû뵽ƹתͷȥ濵¸֪Լٶҡ
ƹϸϸүСФϵ̫ãžò׼Ǿ¥һ£˭ϾͺФײϣ˵㲻졣
濵æҪϹóľ˱ðǻ
ƹ⻰һʱ䶼ûӦСФ˭ñͷףСˣǷ⺲ֻˣ
ƹ񣺡
Ǹʲô߼
ƹðʺţֺ֪֣ȷʵ˵ƺŷ⺲ֵӰȷǲѧαװ
Ҳ˵׼⺲ֿǴݻһˣȷϳٿ
濵֣ȥʮӣȻ֪ġ
ƹЦǡүڿǷˡȫүˡ
濵ƹĵЦζЦ֣ߣʲôȫҡȫǻࡣҶûȥ¥ˡȸС㲼õòˣȥһ˿
ƹӦ
濵ͷ飬Ҫһʱȥһʮӡ
ڶóᣬһѵıܵʮǶʮ˵һǰó׵Ĺؼ㣺߾ĦҪΪԵĶ壬ҪǵĲҶϵҲǴȱ١ǲǾֻ
Ҫƥ˼Ҳƥͷȥǵ̡濵Ĳìܣ᲻ýϵ
սǸ˲Ƶ顣ʵ۴˵̺ܶʱĹộʱͻᷢЩطԼͷۣӸٹȥأڵ־͵ˡ
ɽ̫󣬳壬ⲻͣš
ʮۣϲܴ±ȽҪҪ˫ĲС⼸ȷʵóǸĺ¡
濵ͷ
˵ºתͷʮӣˣ£⺲ֿǴݻˣ
ʮ̧ͷ濵ЦϢͨǻˣƽһصġȺȥʥɴһһϴ硣
ϴҲһ
濵ɻҪʳڣʶƽǸСľ˾ˣ⺲ǸСδ򡣻ʵ۽һԷ˽飬
ʮ濵Цһɻʲôʵģ
濵ʱеǳ˵㡣
ʮûãУžȤżתЦЦ
濵ûסֹ۲ʮӵı飬Сһ䣺º͸Сϵɺãҽ˵Фƺ͸СҼҾ¥ֵò̫졣
ʮ΢㶡
ûôעФ͸СĹϵ˺˸Ӵ򲻵һ𡣻븵СӴ˴ԼӸ˼ڼװȴ˽Ӵ
Ҳ֪ʮ룬һͷʡ
Фʲô˼ƽô͸ϣ
ʮӾûǲ֪顣ЩʱԣӣҶ߰ɫȫõ򵥵ī֭
ʱЩüŹһ㣬ûȥФЩ¡
ϣʮԼ˯ǰȥ
̫æʱ˾ͻַ˯
ʮǶͷϵӣžСյƣ˼֡𽥴Ӱ߳æµнɳ
ȥݵЩʱ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊӣи¾£סľסģվաǧǧҪѧԦ£ȥӡ
ʮͷɢתͷ˼ʮôˣһӵ¡
ʮЦЦ˺˵̺͸С˵㲻ˡ֪֪顣
ʮʮϣһãȻôһģ
ȫǺ޹ϸ˰


 136 

ʮӺͻһΪʼ, һΪФ, Զ䣬ܿͲе㲻Ծ
Фƽϲȥĵطǹ̶, Сȥĵط£ܾô㡣, ҪôǸСȥģҪôֻФȥǶ
С, ĵ濵ľ¥ǿɲФȥľ¥
ФΪʲôȥǶΪʲôҪѰϸС㣿ΪʲôҪ͸Сֲ䣬ֵ˶֪ˣ
ʮʹ˯, ˭顣뷨, 뵽Фһɣֹ
Ф˵ºԺ徭ʿĹλĿڡФФڻֵΪȤҲûȫȻַ, £ѽȻͬӵˡ
ʼ, ҲΪФ󻯶ѡ
ФȥӴģ϶ĿĵġʮܶĿ, ֻ֪Լ̾ΪĸĿĶȥ¡
ʮӼ˵ʲô, Ƕĵڡ
Ƭ̺, ʮȷʵڣһȥ
ФΪĶ, Ф̵³, ˵֪ܶͿⲻܵӰ죬ⲻ˶ϵĲء
ѲǵФˣڻʺĽ̵, ФҺͻʼƽĵ㡣һ̫ФңֻᵼԼʮġ
ʮ̾ϲӣŮӸԼĻϻɺϣϲҲ
ʮ֪Фҽڣ΢ͷ
ǶѰʲôڣص㻹Ҫ˵ΪʲôһФҵɵʲô
ʮһкܶҪæЩ˯
üۣþ͵ЦСǺ
ʮסЦš
ϲãȴΪʼҹڶ̨Ϻ߳ȴЩء
ʮʮţȰһ䣺ΪأӻҪΪ°ӡ
ʮӦһͷûת˰֡
ʮصԼܿϨ˯ˡ
ڰУ˫˼˺ܾãջǺ۴˵

һǸ졣
ʮϴú˺úװԼԴѹ׵ĺóһϸӲͷϡ
£ӽղʺ·ԱŮ̲סڡ
ʮžԼò𽥳еĸ׵ӰӣеФӰӣڻ˵ʺɢ
ǰһֱ׻ʺΪʲôܵףˣܶһЩҲԵءȷĸµ̬Ҳ¶̫ţԼķ
մΪзɫ¼ʹôϸҲⲻմһ㡣ʮôһյı
ͷϵŮϲĿʽϸϸоŮӯӯһյ
ǰҵġЦһ£˵Ůһܸе㺢ԣڡŲڱѹˡ
Ůز
ѵʼҾͻᱻѹôֻ˵ȥǻᱻġ
ʮʩʩȻ߰ɣȥǶһˡˣ·Ȳ㶫Ȼû𡣡
ŮӦ
ʮۡʻ˿δע⡣
ʮǰլӵ·˺ܶ߰ĶҲ¥İӣǼҸӵǸ⣬һ˷ıӡ
̷翪ҵͼ׬һһʽ
ʮһѣФլʱǴСȫţһԶԺϡӲСƽʺ塣̲ڣ̻ϢŨصĳʳռ˸ס
ŮǼԼ˳ȡһͳæȰ£Բá
ʮһҧһĴͱƳŮްͽһ졣
ͱ˸ɸɾ̲ס˸ζáãԼ̬Ц𴲡
Фͷ𣬴ſɵ·һͻһﵥ˿ۣ߳ʱͼԺԼСѧرڳԶ
ȻֱץǺ«ֻ²Թӡ
Фһӵĳʳȥһи⣬ӹ˵ݹĲˮ¿ڣʲôӣôͻȻôණ
ʮ̧ͷЩ
ФӦһʱ֣Ҳ㿴˸סȫȻûȰ˵ʮܳЩĻԼһԺ
ǴϰߺȾƣȻ϶ٽú
˸뱥Ⱥͣ֡
ФŻ̯һӵĳʳеͷۣôôࣿ
ʮЦЦû˵ʲô
Ф˳ȥϵĶȫ͸ȥԣǵýԼ·һ£ԼģһЩ
ʮڱ˽ȡ˳ԭȶʳĵء
ˣҲȱ١
һ׼ʮӣ롣
һ壿
Ф΢üȴҲӡ
ÿ˶Լ磬Фʮô壬ԶԷνָơһһأٶȺܿ죬ûôӡ
ֱµкʱФϿºʵҵһӣЦЩ
ʮһΪʲôȥǸС㣿
ʮܸԼɣԼȴûóЩЦɡʲôżȻżȻڵġ濵ҵľ¥ھ㲻óڣϼȥԵĶЩвٳʵģԼ϶ǳЩȥġ
Фû뵽ԼѧϢôͨˡ
ӣôˣ
ʮ۸ӣƽؾˡСվŵʵڶЩֲ졣ڲá
ǡФЦһ¡
ˣҲˡФԭҪᶪҪʱ򣬲Լôʱɽ
ǷЦԼǰСҺʱǵĻ
ʮ̾һ
ȷʵ
ǷκܾǸüʱֵġһôܻΪһЩеûȥѿʲôʱΪ棬Ҳѡ񡰵ȡѡ
Сܹһѣġʮʣȴʡ
ФûֻǿԼǰŮӣǲʶһӳˣѲǸֻĽ˫Լˡ
ʮûõشȴ˵ġǰ֪ĵ£ȫȻԹ۲̬ȡ˶ĥ벻ͨʹءìܡҲ롣
һ
֪̫ˡ̣ʵۺФܣƽ֣Ƕ£ȥֲ졣
ȫӳԼ⣬벻ڶˡ
ˣϬȴҲɳΪթײС
뽫Լ̫֪Լ˶վЩԹġӰɢǵԹûܱʱ嵭
ʮԼͷȡ˵Լϲӹӡ
תôȥˡ
˭ǵǸˡ
ʮ̧ۣԼ۵֣ԽһΡ
̫ܼӵĺۡûǵۣӷ˻δϣФ֣ѧǡ
ʮû̿ԼķӦߡ
ûκ
ʮصϣƬ̣ڻǽԸţȥɡ
Դˣϡ
ߣ͸ȴ.jpg

 137 

ͷڶǰķ׷, ӰСһ
æķв֪Щȥʹʥ, ֲòƽһһϴ磬صҵʱýԼЩһˤȥ
Ҳûôϴ, ڴϾ˯, һͷѣҪװµӸԼѾ
⸸ȥ, ڼ
̺Ѿӳ͢ϵԼǶ¡
Ϣͨ, ֻܶԼ⡣Լ֤һ»ʵ۶ƽĹػ, ٻɻͦõƽ΢΢еĽ
佫Ǳĳ㰡ֶԻλûȤˣʵ̫ʺϵֻҪ˾, Ͳ֮ǡ
ĳ
ةλλȨ, Ҫ˼ӵĲʤΡ˼ӾͻĲģ˲ĵĺ, ඼̫á
һʵ, ûܰһ»ʵۡ
˭뵽أ
轫, Լ˺˺ܶࡣ˸ɾ·, Լ, ִҴææǰУȥݷ
˴죬ȷɫǰ˳츮һ, ˳츮һؼңԶںдţ¡
һæûоۡϰôææµµÿһʱζ
̫֪ˮۣˡ
Ĳô࣬Զ״Ԫλϡ״ԪԺǸ㣬֮ةλةλ֮һ㣬Ȼ£½ʺϵС
ÿһв
һϱӣԼв
⸸صʱô죬춼ȫ¡鷿͵ƻţͷüͷд
ҹ΢Ѱ˼ϲԺֺǳŹϹǣץץྵʱ򡣻ʺЩҡϣƻƣһǰĹ¡
⸸ûս£û¡
˯æġ⸸鷿ͷ˵һ䣬ñ˶ĽԼҶӣʵһ㲻Ľߵ̫ʵҲࡣ
ֻ˵Ŀ಻ͬˣͨ
Ӧһš
⸸ͷԼȥ˯ˡ׺ܶʱ񵱵÷ǳûдڸУĳɾͻǵôһӡ
ڰĸ죬̲ʰ鷿ϴȥ˯¡
ͷ˯ţڶһϾȥƽ
ƽñȷ軹Ҫ磬ʱȥӪˡ㽫û緹ķֱӴȥ˾Ӫ
ʿҪƽ÷һΡʿžӪʮȦȦʿš󵶻£ȡӽһ¡
ôۿۣһϱհ֣ɫе㷺ס
ƽϢʱ򣬽˰һ벹ӵ
ݳԵÿࡣͻڳĽ׶Σټϴôƣʱ䲻ǿȶܹǸϽʿǵġ
ˡƽֱӽڷǰԼԸ
迴۲ɫӨ͸ڲһڣŨصζǺԼںҩͷ֪˶ٵϡ
ƽûļֵ
յĺöȥֲϵ³ȲԲꡣǶͶ˿ţʱĺͷףѰɿԶһ㡣
ƽֲ˵̽Լֱߵꡣ
ⲹ͸ĲͬĲҪǹ͸ĵĿζҩʳΪƽĲֻ֮ܳΪҩ
轫˸ɾ˭Ƭܸ֮ܵŵĿζʵе㷴θ
ƽ˲¾͸ˣ
Ц֣л뿪
ȥ·ϾֺͽŶԼˡʿѵȻԼвġ˼һǹ£ֶóҪֻһ¡
ֻȫ̧
ʱ컹ʱسǣȥ濵¥졣
ڲ裬ԼϢһ£˳ó顣ȥʮӣǺ濵ӴȽϺʡ
һ¥ܿϳ
״Ԫ
ⲻǷôôһǰԼ
ոСûһվˡ
賯ЦЦ
ûк˭ԼߵƹǶƹ˵һЩ¥
ƹ֣ˣүЩʱ̫æп¥Ҫȥ
ҪǻƽգѡԼһˡɽ챻ƽúݣʵ߲ʹӿڴȡ˵ɢǮͷһˣҪţ˵Ѱ
ƹæǮƻȥôҪǮأ
Цһ˳㼸ˣһ衣
ƹʧЦȵǲ谡
̾ǣǰջˣٺ飬ʵ񡣡
ƹǮӦ¥룬ȥү
ͷ¥ϻεﲻ˺кףҲһһӦˣЦӯӯ㲻˷
Ӧ˶ܵúܣ޲õ֤ԼͷĺѣԶֵ֡
ϧӦӦʵϸûס˭˭˵Ҳ⡣
ż΢һЩ
ˮǲƷ
໰С󼸵ʱ̲סͺͷ˵˿֪ǰ층С¥Ф£
þ¾øþ
˿ڲ裬Сôˣ
С̾ʵ˶ͦõģӲϰɣֵúܲġŸСѹأҲ֪Ƿʲôǵӵô
˶٣ж
СͷоͿºͣһ»ըְɡ˵̫ܹƢġҹŻФ˵Щƻ
賯СЦ£ǡ
ôӦȴô롣
⣬ôɫɫŮ졣еĴֲʶȫ˹λһе˵Ĩǣٰ߰ʮ䡣
º£Թô
̽ȥг̰ϣ濵
һӺ濵ǱȷøһЩЩһţ˲豭˲ˮԼࡣ
ʹ裬˸죬һĨ죬ֱӿʼͷԹۣǵһ֪ʮǸôظˡ֪ʲô
Īô֪
濵һţǿţںһ¡һ˹ͨ˵ʮԼǶڷޡ
΢٣ţ
濵ۣ˵Ҫʮȥè˵ûĿġ˵ҿ͸ˣҲè
裺
뵽ʮۡԺè״̬ר˿è濵ǲè
ⱲӾͱèǿˡ


 138 

˺˵ˮ, ǾȤ֮һ
濵ºͿʼͷ˵ŻʵǶôСıԶǡ, ȻʮӺԼɹȫȻֽ֪ӹе·
Ϊһƾٿ˷͵, ˵ǳ˷, ÷ǶסЦֹֹסЦ˺ð, ŽФϡ
濵С˵ǰ¥, Фֵò졣
濵ֺ˿ڲ, ȡӳϵĲˣšʮӻȥʮԽʮŻȥФ˭Ϳޣ֪ʲô
û˵, 顣
濵̧ͷڳ, ̾ɳɡ˷ˡһˡ
ع, ûӦ濵˼ʲô
濵ٶ̾ʲô, ˵ղŲ븵С㣿
ݸ
ղȷʵ븵, 濵ȫȻͬġ, Ҳֻ˵һ䣺Ҳ, ȷʵ
濵ôһ˵е롣
ӣææܼ档
ڵ, ææЩû档
ʮӶܰοʮȴ鲻˶֪ϱӳײ֪Ⱳӵ֪Ҳ١
豭Բƣ˴дǷŹСʱһ¡٩
濵־úܺЦһʱ䲻֪ʲô飬Ų豭ͷ˱ȳԷɣ˵˵ݣ˵Щʱúܺá
濵˵˵ݵٽ˽¡濵ͶұҲͷ˵˲ɹŵ£÷ͷȥݣ͹˽һ£ٱһûɣȹݻǻٽ½
潻Ǽٽǽһ֣ջÿʮӡʵԼ𸮵˼
ͷǵˣӦ˰æתһæ
㣬Ա濵ӣͷ˵ţ⺲ף
ͷ
濵ЦһϲƣǺͷϣ
Ļ²ˣھǺС졣Сȥ࣬˶֪Ϊ²ͳһ̶ֵÿҫ¡
룺ͷϰɣЩʱ̫æҺܿҪ¡
濵ӦˣԼ˾ƣǾ͵±ϣҼҾ¥һ¡ʱɲѡ
Ц£Ӧ顣
극о֫ӷҪʹƽһոһղ׼Ͻʿѵʱ䡣
΢һӣ濵׼ȥһˡ
濵չԸȻ»ǵûȥæ¡
˹Կ䣬תͷָæȥ

˸ſڵ˴Ϊͨһ
컹ûվԼ鷿Żͼľֻõȥ˿ʱֹסе¶
ڱϿľսҪֲ֪ôӺ֪ԼС¥µģ˭¥֢ôأСƾô
ΪһѾߣڿȥ֪ͨ⹫ӡ
С㣬ѩ棬ñرóԡС͸˵ţҪȥ˹
ͷҲû̧ǲһһ˿ϡ
ͷһ
Ļڣ°ɡڳԲ¡
ӦԹԼԱߴ֡⼸ԼСʳȻ½ҪǸˮˮö࣬ҪһءտֲģǾķˡ
ͷ˹ͨС㣬⹫ǰǶ
֡ǲһ
СѸģС㣬⹫ˡ
ĽŵԱߣԼǰĻǰĻֻǸӣû˵沼õĻˡ
˿һ룬ܵúÿһζȫͬĳߴ硣
һ˳˵һֱ鷿ɡ鷿Ҳʲôرĵء
Ӧȥˡ
ĵŷһ뷨ûСԼ߻Фѭȥ۷֮ӶҪκФ㡣
ҪǸȻ֪׵Ҳ֪ƽһ֪
һ֣ϾǾͻˡ
Фͷ̫Ҫǳ飬˭ϸǸʲôŭԹ£øƽ֡ͷǣϸʫʫ
һĳ챩¶ݣФͳίίܿѣϴ˸סڷ˺̣ͳ˲ҪСϸڡ
ҪǸ߷衭
һرӣҪ˵ʲô飬ͷ϶ڻʵǶ²õӡ
ʵۿФķۡ
ôţԼԿҪФϢ˸˲֪о죺ףФأȴֵòʲô𰸡
أ¼
ߵߵţ߽鷿
ŸͷúܸߣһƷûϡ·ͷ˼ͷһɫƵ͸ۡ˵͸ʵ·̫ͷ
Ų΢٣ǾԼߴˡ
ǲߵŮĹ뷿
˱Ƕűī㣬߷ûߴֻŮһٴ·˵
ϲɫʵĸģż˳Ӧڴеſĺᴩ
ĺܲá
賯ŸЦЦߵλñϣҪҰæ
Լļá
ԼеӲһ䣺Լͳɣ¿žǡ
ӣ˳Ʊ¡
鷿ｻУԲʺϴš뿪鷿˵пն
Ϊ·Ȼѡڴ󿪵ࡣ·̣ͷĳ۳һЩײ㳤ںɫ͸¶÷
ڱϿŵķֱˡ˪ѩӯӯһգ᲻̵İС
û֨Ƕ
СرÿλС㻹Լϲ
ǲһ¡
ͷһ
΢üòһ˿ΣգǸ͸õ廨Ư̡
ǲһ¡
ӷæзıе㲻֪ôģСС
Ļһ˿
Ҫּˣɡ
Ĳͷ裺û¡ͳɡ
ڰ׷
˵Ф˲졣
תͷšФҲͬҵӣ˵һЩĻ
費֪ĽΪһЩΪ֪˸¡ĹϱⱲӣϲͷ顣
ƽº͵Ůº͵Цݶûˡ
ûֱʣֱ븵˵ˣʮȥѰФФìܵ£ʱǿŵġ
תͷ˷衣
費֪ϱӵĸôһӣЩȥ˳츮Ҳҹ濵ʹ϶Ƕֵˡֻڻûȷ֤ݣѰֵԭٵȵңҪӡ
ü䣬ЦŰζ
ɶæһˣ߰һˣϽ·ͷؾôʱ䣬ȥ¡
ûȴֱȡ
ĸӣԭСίɢСӦ˷Ļš


 139 

赽׻ǽӹ˸ĵļ, ︵ļ˿
ǲǲ, Żͦѹ
֪鲻ãͺ͸˵Ȥζ¡̫Żᾭ²˵, ˵СʱȤ¡˵ұ, ջջкܶϺ, кܶ˴ǶӾ㡣
ӾȥǸ£Ҫ˶, ǾҪһķǶֶ, һ˴Լҵļ
ֻļļʲôжĶԷǸûĵ, غһȺ˵˹ȥ, һ߳һܡ
ıûʲô, Ӷֻų·, ײ¨ӵģ, ûסЦ
Ц, Źõ˿ģɺЩ
ĵ˵Դ
ҪҪԵʲôȻҪ, ΢Ե㻹ǿԵġ
ҡҡͷ
һ¸ĵԴСûͷھзϴԡͷʱɸɾö࣬ʰں, ƷҲÿ
ƽ˵һε¡̫ƽ֪ƽΪ˵ĵߣ㿴Σ
һ䣬ľ͵ϻһ䣺С
迴ģһһڵ˳츮ǶϢЩ綼ǻ֪ġ
ƽսϺͱ˶Ƕô꣬ھǻҲš
֪Ϊʲôƽȴ˵һФǱʮ궼¶ͻȻ֮ټң֣ʲô뷨һ˴̫Σա
һ£֣
ͷ
ıȸĸࣺǡ濵ľ¥ȥľ¥ҪüζǼҾ¥ФӦòȥǰ´ѱȴôһ©

Ҫôǵڵ˲мˡҪôǴ㷢˵
ȫȻû߷裬ФѳԱ֡ɷȴѼƲФ֣ݳ֪ȴФڻһǵǿҪʲô
ʶ˳ŷ˵ȥ룺ΪʲôФǱôãȴͻȻԼݣǸ֣ҪѰ޹ˣᱩ¶ˡ
˴ıԼ治ǰķ裬Ҳ治ЩҪǷôһ䣬ͷһǰ壬ȥФϡ
Ŀֶ˶٣ŷ衣
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ФģĿʲô

Ǹ
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Ķ˰죬˵˿ڣ˵¶ľ
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̾Ϣ
ҪǲʣȰǰŮȻǲ˵
עŷ̬ϵСңҵһ£ú͸˵Ҳãƽ˵Ҳã˵Ҳá
ȻЦҪȥ˭˵أ
Ĳˡ
÷ƺеģûǵ¶
˭顣ʱ򣬺˵Ҳã˾˵Ҳãķ˵áעŸģӲȻһӵġ
룺ò㣬Ҳܹͬʱͷº¡
šһʣеӣڣԥţǡ
㿴źæӻۡ
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ŸЦţԺҪ鷳£͸ҡҪ鷳飬Ҳ㡣˭ҪȴӱǶ͵ܷ
㶿ŷ裺ʲô
˼㿴Ƿʲôãң
ıȻܣȻǺ죺ʲôͷ
ЦǾͲ鷳ܺãһ鴦ˡ
ʶȷʵˣȴ̲סŭɷ衣ϧŭǰûƣ÷Цøͼ߸ϲƵȦȦ
躬Ц˵ţʱ䣬ƽھǡǰҲܸչ˺㡣ıٶ࣬ܶʱ˻ΪأϵȨնأնء
ǹˣ̫¡
費Ը˵ѣ̻¶Լ˼ϣܹھǹܺáȫǣֻֻݡҪȱҸȥҪϲʳҲԸ㰲š
ۣ˵ţģһЩҲһһЩ
žⱲӵ뷨
ļ㣬ջǵͷ
Լһʵ̫ѡԸ˲˽⣬ҲڸϢ費ܾãںȻȥӴʮͨʮ̽ǵ顣
ỺҲܻᱩ¶ԼܱʮФҡ
ˣǸһǰˡ
Ͼǰ˴δǹԼһֱվڸϡ
·СڣҸ˵һ鷳¡
Ӧ
Ŀ裬ڷ˵һ䣺ա
ľսԶȥԼĽ˷衣ʵʱҲûʲôֶ֤οȥ֤ǻѪտڰ׻˭ţ
ҪҪһһɡ
ΪԼһӡ
˵ˡ
Ҫһ㣬Ҳһ㡣
ҪǽЩ²ôô죿
˵ľ룬ŷȻЦ
㿴ѽһ鷳Ϊ׬ȢĸΨһĵŮǾһը˾޴ܣǣ
豻ðŻع񣺡⻹һ鷳¡
Զи𾪣鷳
ľŷһӦ·ķӦԤڲͬȴŷķӦǻãò˵ܡ
һ¡
˵һ䣺ô׬ˣǱȥһ㡣
Ц
ô˵ǱȢ˸Ůһ㡣
ߣȽæһĩ

 140 

˵, ˵Լ
æϵ, ͳŷЦҲ֪Цʲô飬ҲʲôЦ, Ǵ̲ס, ѹֲס
˿ɵġ
軹û״ӳг׻Ҳе㲻붯״̬ѹ, һ䣺ϸ˵˵
΢ͷ
ȷʵҪϸ˵˵
Ĵʫʫ˵Ԫ, ٴ˵˸͹еϢһһġǺʫʫЭɻ顣ʫʫԪ˸, ͹һ޺󣬵ΪĳɵԵʣһ˸ġ
˺ֻԼϱӰ׹ˡ
ߵϢһһ, ȴȫȻ֪һȥ졣ΪʲôĶûס
֪е, ǣеࡣû˵ʫʫûƽ־ǵ, 鸴, ͣһ¡ԻʼҵϢȷ֪, ԪԵ, Ϊֹ֪١
ΪҲ̫, ˵ţҪлᣬܲһԪԵ˭ôֻ˵ǻա
迴Ÿģ̾Ц
ľȿŷ衣
ƾٿʱżῼʼҵĸֹϵ, ֻ˽ЩܹðһЩ¡ϱӿƾٿԳһһȻȫȻ֪
͸˵Ԫԣǵʥϵֳȵ۵Ķӣȵ׵ܵܵĶӡȵۺͰܾѣλѡȦһ壬аԪԡ
Ȧꣿ
ûͨһͣǽһ˹һڣΪݻη
ڵԴ
ʵԵҵ˽Ҳ̣Ͼǰܶ꣺˽˵ЩԤһƻȻȥһԼܵܣʱôһӡ
ﲻɶԪԱùؽǻһʵۣѡֱʧɱʵڶǺ׵ȵ۵뷨
ɻ󣺡أ
˶٣ʵǻ˸š޷޷һЩʵ֮֡µλҲĹͣűʥϴ֮ܶ˶ûҲ֪ν뵽Уʶġ
ǵʵ۴Ԫ֮
µ׾赱ȨʱЩԶֻ֪ϢΪ֮󣬶Ծе¾ʧȤǸλҲûȤλϵ˺ڹûʲô𡣱һӣȥ濴¡ա⣬û˻С
ľȫ⡣
ǳ˾ǣޱ۷ǡΥ棬˵ԪԵ£д󲿷ʵǻŻʶ֪
ĺһûзô
ҡͷһûҪһû
ͷνһ޵ͷϸеǮܵ⣬ʲôû
ɸǼԪԻؾġǻʵԪԻؾģ
ǣţһ飬ʵ֪ôĸСһ䡣
裺
ŶͷԼܵĳ̫Щһ
Ĳ˵ˣԹǶ÷軺
֪ԼһһϣԼܱﵽԵøⰲ֣·Ҳе㿸סôţ֪ô£һӻҲá
̫Խܰɡ
֪Լ÷ֱԼϱӽǸΡһѰõķӦԸġ
Ǿ鷳ǾøӣǾúڣЩ졢ʡһճΪǻĹǿǶֻдſ⡣
Լϱ̫̫߰߰Ϣ
˵ʮһˣԼǻʼˣǵôƣԼ͸˳㽫ҳ˲ܰʵۡ
⵱ةĺǻѪةλȨءʵ۲ͶƵö۰
ټϺϹϵӣͳĳ佫ϵͻʵһ˵ǻ״
̫ˡ
һͺ˽ףԼҺһߺ޳ұ߰޳ǰͷйٿʱֱµظ
˵ˣ˵ĻʫʫҲ˼ѡ
Фʫʫ͸¶Ҳ˻Ҫ¶ҪҪͻʵַõķʽǸʫʫ¶Ҫ˾Ӧ޺Ҳʫʫ¶
ĳɵãɵҲ̫ˡ
ŷԼĹٳ·иѡ

й¼޸ĳӣⶼġвŻʵҲã˵ʹ
ʥãԼ֪ӣǸáȵλͳˣʮӵʱ򣬸Σյʱ̡
ȫλʵһ֮䡣
轫ܶ´˴롣ԭݣҪݶһʱ䣬꣬ȷһԼԤһУȴҪļƻ
ĸһھǡ
һ̧ۼĻԹԵԼӣЦ¡
վҽФ鴦¡
ͷ衣
賯Ц£ᾡؾǡ»ػ߾һһߣȻˡ
Ӧ
ôã㿪
һţһв˿񲹵ĳԷ
ϢһһϣѪɫ𽥻Ⱥ͸һǰſʱٶȻָԭȵ湫Ӹ硣
Ըû̫ǵĶֻЦ£һ䣺ҿš
գգۣҲܲô
Цҡͷ̫ºˡ
һ¶䶯ȴ޼աһɱٶȺ䶯ǣȴûҵһĻס
Ȼ֣Ҳϡ
͸Ĺֵ
ļԶȥ֪ôЦһ¡

Ӽɽ¡
յžлһȣһ飬һ߳һ߿
ӼǼղţʱͷģ͵
лй˼⣬˸ζãץסˮﵹơоӣܡ
ϲԽһ̧ͷۡһھȥ
ϻǡ䡱һŵлӵѽֵܣҹŹ㿴㣬Ҳ㱻ԼĻˡ
ͻȻðûüˣͱһֻ̡˻̣ÿ͵ԵϰôûģӼҲץ㣿
лһϻػˡôллңץҡ
пżҲỳɹӼǲҿġ
лӷ輦ͷ
л٩˼䣬л˵һæ
лѰֲ죬һ벻ףʲôæרҡһΪҶǵȥˡ
лԹʱЦҿղﲻڣԸˡصҪˣԲġԾǳ
лü
֪лϻղ֮ϴˡ
ֻǰûôѧϰƾѣõٿԡ
򵥽½һ£л벻ɣ
лɰôУš


 141 

պǲһ㡣
״Ԫ˾, ƽҲھǡŮǶĳ佫ͬһʱ, ޲ͷǶྐྵˡҲûõȥһ൱״Ԫ, һӾҵ, 춼ͺ˴һܡ
ֵȣǶµʱ, ȻϽֻơŶĻĻװΰ˰, ߺ, ת۾ͱͯΧס
Ӽѵ÷ż٣ȴھһҲ¥̨
лüﶼЦָұߵˣսȺ̨, Ϊ֯, ˼λСǻöֻ࣬ҪơһΪ, һΪһ, һʤһ
һȺѧԾԾԡ
Ƕһ⡣Χ硣һΪ, Ϊ̨ߡʤ˾һֵߡ߿ơһս, ҲԼһȥ
ѧӵȤ, ׷׿˹
л˵һ¹򣺡սȺսʤˣΪʤߣܼ⣬ʤߺ;ȺڵĻ, ɱ¼鼮Ǯбƹ񣬴ӲˮճгȡһɣˮǮԽ࣬տӡ鱾Խࡣ
¸Ȥ˸Ӷˡ
˾ϲӣÿɱ˵˼Сʼ裬˵̨׵ġ
л̨ץһѧһλߣǹӼֵ࣬ܡһ⣬λѧˡ
ɨһȦȷ˶ȤҡͷԿʼ˵Ŀƣ߲ƣ߲硣˺÷ɣֹˡֵΪ޷޷
л̨ҵԼǰźõλãīʼдƣȤˡ
̾һȺȥš
ѧۣҲ˵Ҳ˵Žб¡ֻ˵Լ϶óһ棬ֻһֿԶò
̨г˼һ£ſھΪԻ
¿ʼ
ȷʵýһЩ˼ǣȷʵ˵ܶ෴Ļ
ΧȺøˣ޲ú䡰̨ϵ࣬һ³ͼȥŶӣһ⾹һʱų
лȺ룬̨ʤ߽һˮˣǿʼڶ⡣
̨µЦЦڶ⣬ڳѧӣȫΪӡаٹ٣һŮӡŮΪٴӾ񲻺ϡȻŮӳڶ࣬
ʤߵȻѡ⳯гŮԱͷǣɶȥˣŮӳڶ࣬Եıʿʫ˵ңһҪ
ǵѧֻѡ
˾һѵӡ
ܿ޷ģ¹޵ֳִִ飬ܹҪݵ䣬žФ
Фھ൱֪ѧ˲֪˲Ļ£ǿʵ۶ϿɵġΪФˣʵڻϳڣʫ塢黭ÿһõó֡
Ҫ˵߿ƾ٣ФϾû֪࣬徭ʷҪ׼иһְٰ
ѵô
˾˵ӷŵо࣬˺ü֪ӳ˵ŮӷŵУ⻹ˣ
˾ͷѵûзˣôӿԣŮӾͲˡ
˳һţǻʱһ⻹ą́ԭеļ̲ס࿴Ҫô˻ԴҪôͷдʲôȥ˵䡣
̨ĳԹȺںǽͷһһ嵹ߣһ嵹ǱߡЦĻǹФ£ԭֻ˵Ůӷȴû뵽̶ֳȡ
ԭλҲФй
ۣλҲô
вѧá
ޣвѧĶȥˡ㿴˼ҷ״ԪһĸС£йˡ
ǰ·Ӷ࣬רһҲࡣûвѧûʲôϵ
һȺ˿ֿÿģ֤˵ڶʤߵĵŹơ
лٴ̨˵˵⡣
̫̼ΪԴԴܹ֡ʹӴȫ£˿ڱϵ˲ˮڿ̨
ǰûĻܱ˴֮̽ǰ˵ʲô
һʲôûûʣһʲôФӵķ£ʱȤˡһ飬ͷеǮͷһǲҲ
ллҵĹӸ簡
лң鶼±Фš
ϲŮӶ֣ԽԽ࣬ͷ·˾Ҫһ졣ȫǶǶ࣬ڱ۵ʲôĵͷȥǰ˼
лæŷ룬Ա˸Ͻ¼ѵʤ˵Ļ
ܽô֣Լֱˣǳ֯츳
ݶ֧ŲסҰ
ƹЦɾջˣ۾еֻʣһ졣
ıǺݡϰֻܾúе󲿷תͷͱྣȫֻͷĺþͺ
вѧ˵þ䣬ûѧ˵
Ф
лЩͬФ˷򵥵תҲ֪Фʱ׶Ը˵˵ʲô飬ǵøĻؼҼûܺúóԷǵ÷ԸФ
̫ˡ
̫ˡ
лʵΪͬ飬ûФİԼټ֡ȫǶ֪ԣãָ𴦵飬ȥӡ
ǻͷɾ½֪ˡ
̼
ֲٿ⡣˵ˣ˵ĶʵФЩ£ѵûӦЩô
һʤȫ
ѧӶЩδлͷ˼ٸ¹ٷġʩʩȻȥƹǮקż¼ˣֱӡˢȥ
͵һɲܸ˷ӦĻᡣ
ѧǵСС֣ϲԱϷ˵䣬̫⡣
˭Ҳûϵ鱾ǵһ
ڶӡͷβʼ飬Феļλλмҵġ֪Լ๫ˣ˴÷зģ飬˾֪Ȼ⡣
ﳳ֣󻹴ȥФˡ
լФ֪ЩԼͥԺϣ㶯뷨ûСԸһ֡ſڱϣҲû㷴Ӧͷе
ƾҪ̫Щ
ФҲû뵽ƽǣһӣиϱһӽɷţͳ˳츮״ФԼɷ˵Ҫ顣
˳츮
ɷǿģǡȥȥӺŮӾͿ飬ӺŮӲζ顣
ϱõһحң
˳츮ɷôõģȻֻܹɷûдס
һ鷳µ˳츮̾İҲФйأФҵϣܲФΰɣ
ʾ²ҪФ棬޵˽¡
Ůӳھǧֵĳͼ˹ˮѡ
ѵĸסײУֻ˵ǻᴦֻФϻбİŹá²鷳ֻҪɷ˾ͳɡ
ŮӼȷʵ룬־߰ؼˣ˳ҫһ飺Ҿ֪ФĲǺˡ˵ˣȻǸаġ
˸£ȫǵһֱζˡ
Ҳ֪Ǵ˭оͱζ˵ФΪɱˡ˳츮ڲФİӡΪФɱˡ
ڴԴͷ˶˵ߴð˴˵ġ
ȥ˭ɱ˭ûףȴȷʵ϶ˣФǣİ
Щٶ֮죬ݱ仯֮ӣֱĿࡣ
˳ھ˶ˣ̲סлֵܣҲᱻФҶϸɣҲϲФİ
һ䣺˵»᲻ҲǡҲФĻ֮أ
л˾ˣ㶼±ˣ˵䣿
˸ˡ
л֣ţܿͽˡ
⴫ȥͷںͷѿء
ߣҿĻأ񵥡һûˣҲҶٵ
ҪȤкãȥģղһ¹ҾúȤ
Ƴ޴Ļһƪģּǡby 
ӴС÷ۿҪˣȴһ֣Ȣͬĸá
˶ſϷ˭֪̫ۣ빬
ǶΪ歽ֻ̫˭֪ţ˻ʺ

˭֪˵
໨Ʊ£
ϰ״ɷۺнݱ
ϴʫԡ
УϲһȸԹޡ
͵͵˺ܶǣǿȸԹ޴Ӳ˵
ÿСȸΪʲô˵ʲô˵˵ֺֺǡ
һգȸԹܲ˿ڵޣҪ޸𣡡
正
˭֪ڶգ޵˰ˡ

 142 

˾ɶȥˡ
ее, ܿºͷƲе, µô£Фǲ漰, ǵ˭ԡ
󲿷˲Ф, һо׷࣬һлʵ黭۵Եʡ˳۵ȥ, ûҪΪһȨƵλ˶ֵԼûûƤ
൱ݣֱӽһ롣
ô, һЩԼ׳ɵĵ»Ҫеġɢ˼ͥ, ŮҪĭҲϡ˻ǣ˰ӡ
ڴ󲿷˼ҶԣǣҪ˳츮ߵİӣѾеصİ, ͷת˾, ǰӾصء
ն԰Ӻ棬ϲ԰Ҳ档
ŷֱ͵к, ǵˮøӻǡ
ʹС
ʵ۴һֽ, ϸϸֽϵݡ
Īɽ, ʵۻ㱨µ˳츮ʱƽһǵЩˡЩ˸Ҳʹյŵ, ȫǱǶԸ˼ҡ
ʵûڡ
ĪɽΪ, ܲĶֽࣺܶھӡӼѧʹࡣīѰ洦ɲī
⼸ź͹ӼӡҾǵͬһ
ڣʵ۾ҪԸ, ҲȶԸͷлллң˵ССֻᱻΪǡҪòðٹĺ
ʵۿڣ㿴˭дţ
Īɽɹûб仯⺲֣衣
Ҫ飬׵ġ
󲿷ֵİܹг𱨳ԹԹ񾩳ǵĸ鸴ӻһƲ𽥴Ӹ˺ü˼ҡڵϣٲֹͻԽԽ
ФˣҲˡ
ʱǣгǻԣܹ˽ãֵòɿ
˵ΪԼ֣Ϊ˸ģʵۺȻ
Īɽ֪
ʵֽͶһԵ̫ࡣ
̫ϸŻ£⺲ֵˣֶδֲЩҲƱж񱨡ԭǶУ˳츮ܸ
ʵ۵ͷ

ʵϸƷ仰е˼
ҪǷ곤ʮ꣬Գ˽ø͸һ㣬ʵǾΪǴΪһ²±ţëͷǻ࣬
蹤ļƣֱһһˮԼ¡
峯ãúܶ˲ٶ֣ҲһƲߡٶԻʵ۶ԣô˴͵ĳӣ˾ޱס
ФĶԽԽ󡣡ʵ̾һαء
Īɽ̫඼ҽӻ
ԸĪɽһԪԻһˡ
ĪɽӦ
Īɽˣ̫ȴ˲ˣڱʱ׼źšʵжǰ˸ϡ
ʵߵڣ
ʹľɫȥÿ궼ͬС졣ǰζԼվǺεȵϲú԰Ȼ긴һ꣬ԭǻġ
ᣬڡ
ǰѽȥ˰صıպ󽻸˾˰˳츮תȥʵۿڣ¶˻
Ҫ飬Ҫϲ顣
̫Ӧ
ʵ۶ŷ羰˻
棺£ʺ
ʵۻعԴЩ˽Ƕȥ
̫ٴΡһгȥˡ
ͷʵܴ⣬һӾǶʺȴСΪ󹬱ʣճ̫Խ˹أȺ͹ŮЧ¡
ʺݻױޣȴ̤빬ɹŮ̫ཫŸϡ
ʣʵ۶ˡ
ʵڴת΢ͷͯ鲻á
ʺǰˣ˿α֪ԼΪʲô鲻ã֪ͷ˵ʲôȴûһ赭дһ䡰鲻á
ദ˭֪ܲ˭أ
ʺעŻʵۣڣһʼ֪
˭ʾ䣬ֱӾ͸Էжϡ
ʵ̾һ
ʺֱ̧֣ӽֱ߹ϵĻƿƵ˵ϡƿѵóףƬŽеľǵϥǸ߶ȡҪǻʺŵ·ȻᱻƬˡ
ƿƹһùľҲùľ˭Ҳҽȥͷˣ±ǣȥ
̫ζлʺ侲ķŭбʮʧ޷Աĺޡ
鰮Ѱ˼ﶼĥ֮С֪మȴ޷ȷ֮仹иĵزڻܽĵôעѻزȥѵҪߵĶ档
άŽʱı䣬˾ֳܹŵĵطƿƿ޹ޣһᱻƵϣһ
ʵۻĻʺԷ˵ӣٻһͯ
ɻʺǰһĶûˡ𽥱⣬úĺû˼ǷɵˣŻɺʫʫַҲһҪ޸ǰһˡ
ţ㲻˲
ʵ֪ԼֻҪ˵һ仰Ĺϵͻ᳹ױѡ֪Ϊܾίȴٳź󹬡ҪǵĶ̫࣬ԲԼΪ
ֻǡ
ǳŻʺ˹ȥ㲻ЩƿмŲȹƬţҲλλòȡҵȨҼ֪һЩ£Ҳ޷׺Фҵλ
ʺ󾲾˵ʲô
Фֻһ£ΪФˡûʲôФ˹ʮѴôµʱ䡣˵ŵж¼
ʮʵϲФǺӣҪģ϶ҲԹҡ˵ţҲʲôⲻˡ
ӽͿʼһֱûùޡһֱŵֱ̬ǣ˻ʺ֣ϻ˷裬Һһܣֲ֪κ˵һ˵ǰ¾ҲҪ˵
ʺŴֶ˶
һᴦԸһ𸴡ʵ۽ס㲻Ҫ̫Թңɺã
ʺԹ㣬ʫʫܻô
һֹĳȣƸղֶĲûбǰ˺ȥٶܸô
֮ĽԶֹʫʫһ
£Ͳǵ֪Ĺˡڻ߻ʵۣҲǵˡ˵Թô
Խ̹ϣʵȴԽ̾Ϣ
صĴ𸴣ǷҵġʺԴտ˻ʵϣ΢ۣΡ´棬˵ĻûаǶ޹ġǼ޸ʮĺӣǸҵĺӣǶ޹ġһء
һФˣͽФˡ
˵ĻˣФҲܾãŽᴦˡ
ʵЦ̾һ㰡
ǵѲ档ʫʫΣעһЩ²ܼ򵥽ҹ
ټŮسȴҲ֪ڸˡǾй޵㵽ֹʵ۸˻ʺŵϸйûУ޾Ϊ
ʺëлӢ
ΪʮΪģҲСˡʵ۲Ҫ̫ƽֵˣٿСʱЩǵ¡
£˵ʳҪڣʺɿ˻ʵۣǸ⣬ɨˡõˡ
ʵۿһǽ壬ղƵʱǻͦþô
̾ˣˣͷɨһ
ͷӦܿŽ


 143 

ʹһûдš
йڸ֮ìܳͻȴͻȻ˱, ճ涼ʼǺһ˵һ, һ˵˲ţͷΪеŮ˺һ, һŤͷߡ
ֻҪʱþ, ܹһϳһ, ǸǰãǸһȵ, ϸֱꡣ
ڼͷ齲, Ŀɿڴ
Ǯ˼棬ϻ¥ŮԴ׶ˡ
СС;˳ֻһпС㣬ʮͷ˸šϵǷ⹫, ȻͷҪͺˡ
Ī뵽˲׵˵, 룬֮治֪˸׻˵ס
п, ︵ոϢС, ҪЩϢʲôѽ
ıʾͶۡ
գգ, ̫⣺С, ۡǹԱͶ, ܿġ
ĳЦЦҸԱͶ˾ǣȻϢô࣬˶Щ鶼棬ô
ۡıֽ, ֺ͹ٷֽһЩ̫һȻͷкܶٷϢƿĿʵ£糯ԱԼ֮ģżҲһЩϢ
ϢͨȽһ㣬ԱǶͦġ
⻻˭˭
黹еɻ󣺡С㣬ô֪Ͷۡģ
Сֳʶȱô˽ۡˣ
ĳЦһ£˸ҵ¡
̫ССĥһʱ䡣ԼҲҪͶۡҪǽݵдȥҲǿۡ˳ŽҲŪȥ
񣬻Ͼ׷ͼ
Կη
ͬһ飬и磬˵ǾǷΪ˵ǾǲΪ˶˵Ǻܶ˾ͻߡ
ۡʹֻҪ͢ӡȥʹ˹ٷ˼
ʵۻ᲻ỤФң᲻ỤФҲܴۡӡĶԿˣ͵취ţٽȥǡ
鷴붮֪ԼСǴӱǶ˵ģһ£ÿ϶Ƿ⺲˵ġԴ⣬︵Ĵ֡
︵æµ
ͷڴȥƽʱǱƽдһ
ȻǺݺһѣ꾹ȻҩǸʳƽһٷСơСƣ̳ӶûţһСɵľƺ
飬һͻϰߡ»˳ŷ⣬ݻƣ˸ɾ
ֻҪɵһ֣һƬʵ΢ˬС
ƽǶ뿪ǰʮǶһˡ
˵ĵ˾Լˡ
ڵʮӺ͸ԼͶƵʮӣһͬһΪѾʮٶȺˡ
Īһʱûҷʮӣ⧲ӭ˷⺲֣в֡дߣ˻е㾫㱡
صʮߣèʱһ֣ԭˣҾ߶·ӡ
ʮתͷл㱵ʮһֻСèͷôˣŻǺɹŵⲻ̫ô
ʮԼɰһ²ſ˵飺⺲Ѱң˵ͷЩ¡
ͷĴ£
ʮжš
йԼģйڸ˰ıҵ¡
ʱʧФ˵ִЩûаϵɴڸۡլš˺ЩèȥѧɳŬèһЩè
è˵ˣèν̺ӣöʩ͵ѧ˽̺ӡ
ʮ˼˵˷赽ľˣ⺲ۡͶ㶫ҽ
ʮҲ֪ҪͶǹķꡣͷС飬ùҡ
Ҫǲ׵ͷȻ˻š
Ҫ׵ͷҪ˻ʰФҡ
ʮӽˣǱ̬æФˡ
ɡʮԼèŵϣЩ¡ܶ˷Ļֺá
ʮЦЦš
ۡһܡͷҲͷһݵۡܿͨϣͨ͢ͷһ϶ӡˢйԱõ汾иطһ汾
ǰԺõһۡʱչۣתͷյµϢ
ƽˣѴ˳츮תƸ¡˰ǣڶ࣬Ϊӣ˾жᡣ
΢һüë
ʵⷬٴ룬ԶиӺġ
һӣܴһȶġڼڣ˳츮飬ֱתƸ˾ͨ˾ᣬЧʸߵľ
趼Ҫָ㣬׻ʵλθȺˣᴦ£һ𸴡
ʵ֪֪ʮǰ飬Ժܶ˵Ҫˡ֪֪ȻҲûʵô
Ҷϻʵôҡ
ǶϣԶһȥô򵥵¡
ʵǸˣˣֵ׳꣬Գ°ѿжȣ´Ȼġһ±һ
ˣСޡСѹסȺң׳Ϊ֮òʧ
ۡЦͱк뿪˺Ժ
ĵĶ
ɴӦ˸ģҪǰФһ¡

ԩͷծ
˸۾δ
һʱûȥóöϲԶ񸵸Ҫӣû֮أ͵ĥԼĶ
ϲоԼ⼦ĥҩֶ಻õȥвͻûҲûϧ
ȻʫʫǸ⡣
˵δͽܣȻһ
֪㱾£ǰ򣺡ôоֶ֪Żа˫Ŀʧ
һ֪ʵǸĵеĶ
ĵо˶꣬ŷĻǾ裺ʲôҼǵҺ˵ǲὫ䷽߱˵ġ
Щ˳ҩûһġ
蹧֣һЩ֪˵¶ˡϣе֤Եָ֤ˡ֤ȫޣҲֻ֤ܿˡ
ɾ裬裺ô꣬û鵽֡ôͺȻˣ˺ˣԷٶ¶ˣ
Ц£̯Լ֣˻ָɣĻӼⷿ﷭˵̵ĸҩҡ鸴ӣһʱе˵塣¶ǶԷ˼ıȷʵٶҪĵ
ŷ죬Ĭš
òױ¸ĵе㲻øû
Է֪һ
ڣǰ²⡣ûܵõʲôҲ֪ܲʲôҲֻܸһζ
ٶ񣺡л򡣡
򿪿ڣƤͻأĺȡȻ֭ҺжԣֻʹŮӻ̥Ӵʹ˲֢״縵Сʧҩζࡣ
̥
һҩɻбô
ҡͷΪϷҿɼһмءʵڲ֪
Ӧл򡣡


 144 
˶һ, ȥط
һǾȾ, һǾ̡
ⶫжັٷϱӸû˵ⶫÿͷ˽ǵĶʤٳȺ, Ҳ޷жһһĿ
ѡط, Ҫƴһϵ
֪ͷ֪β, ֻҪѰȥомΡ
Фóʲô¶ǡ
Ź, óī黭˶ʲô˽õı, õֽ֪ļҵıʲôģԱ˼֡Ҳ֪ļҵֽдЧãƽֺ͹ǽϵֽһ
һأ
˽ıȻϡ
Фϲ·ǺȾɫЩɫش󳧻ר˿Ⱦ֪иʽежеû, ôϵȡɫеԻľ, еʯͷ൱, кƷ, Ǹ
Ⱦ
Ⱦʦһϳ, ЦǺǳЦ, ȡһƥϣдȥʦк, ֣ﺢӱȻú顣
д˼֣ѯʦϲ֪
ʦ̧֣ͷ淴ʣʲô
򵥽һ£һָǳȵصֲ, ΢κȵĲԶж֪ܷܲȾС
ʦĥһ£ҡͷû˵ⶫ΢ж޷жɲɡ˭·ΪԸжģ˵ר˶ҪϣȻû˻ˣͷǣ¶ˣѰ˲ġ
žǡ
ѹһ䣺ǰ˲鰸ʵģԼʵġʦ֪ʲôɫټһЩûһġ
ʦţ֪϶Ϊ˸Сʵģ֣ҿ찡Ҹϸ˵˵
һϸ˵˵תͷ˵˸ʱ÷˺ܶûбҪ֪ʶ㣬ҲûѰͰйص
˺ܾãѰ˸ˣתͷǰ̡
̵ƹԸɫָƣΪ׬Ǯܽɫ˵÷·ϵɽ»𺣵ġϸ˼ѵõϣΪ״ԪҪ߾š
飺Щ൱ӣԽɫԽƳɡҪȤһܸ˵˵Ĺա
費پһȾ״ֱ룺ЩϿö˻жģ
ƹʧЦôᡣҪжˣﻹЩһ㶾ԣҲǺٺټġֻҪᵽжĳ̶ȡ
룺ɫΪʺϻö˻жô
ƹ룺ǻСͷҪҪȥ˳츮һ⣿
ƹ̽һ裺ˣǸʲôʲô
賯ƹЦЦٴ˸ģСҪѧõĺã滭ȷʵ̫óϲɫҾʣѧһѧǰܹжĿ࣬ԡ
ƹʱ÷״ԪȻһ֡
ֺͷ轲ѧ¼տʼɫôࡣѧ˵һࡣƼöѧõɫƯĺܣ
״ԪΣⲻǸ˼ңҪŪʲôϸҪѰҲСҲͷһЩɫӡ
ƹǮ˵ķտĽ
״ԪͣҲͷ״Ԫ˵һЩ֪һЩϣöȷʵӲá
ƹ˵⻰ѹһ㡣ô˵Ҳܴĵ˵ܶɫжɣ
Ⱦڿտϣ˺ܶգɹεģԾͻҲڵģ˵ǼӰˡƹ˵⻰ʾһ䣬Ҽҩѧͽ˽Щ˵ɫȾ϶ٻơҩѽܳԡ㻭ܲڳϰɣ
˵ͷ
ƹʾһ˻ԸȦšĩ㲻ԽȥҲմȾһЩ߱Ӵͷֲͬڳˡ
Ȼֵͷȷʵˡ
ƹҲϸ˵ʵܶϰų㣬жûôԡ
ƹһЩʣƹ˵Ƴɵϣ
ƹš֣ϸһ£üͷƺ˵ġ밡
費ٿڣƹһ롣
˲ÿãǰƹˡŷЦһ£Եһ£Ҳӡ
üԲñͷƹʲôҪһʱ仹Ҫһ顣̺ܶʱͺҩ̲̫࣬࣬ҪԿѿڶƽվҪͣǺͱ
ʵ̫ټһʱ벻
ƹͳһѲӣűʻңһʼ
Ȼ˺ܶΣҳףѷơ
ƹৡ󷭣㷭һطȻҾͼǵԼԼ˵ⶫ
ӷŵǰͷ˵ˣⶫûеġ̫ټˡ˻Ὣõȥÿ͵ǵ٣󲿷͡
⣺ôټ
ƹӦǵرΪѰȥժڷŵ˶٣ǳ̹Ͻˣɫɫܶ࣬ӫ⡣Ķ۸ͣѰҲɫԺ˻
ͬһõƷһ۸Ѱһ۵ͺѰȻúߡ
ֲɵӡ
ƹҲͷ˵ţҲ˽⣬յʵٵ˲绹ǿϣҪһЧɫɶˡ
軨˵Ǯɫ˼˼뿪̡
ٴȥʮӡ
ʮӿµֶ֪ۡΪԼɹĵطʹ˽ȴû뵽æһ룬´˵⺲
ŷ˼ʮٶţԸ˺òдš
ʮӺͷ󣬸Լķϡǰǹǲ¶
ʮӣúʮӿףЩνĻֱԣʮӿ֪õǷرɫɫӫ⡣
ʮעŷ裺⣿
һζҩǽƤƳɣɫӫ⡣Ů˻Ử̥ʮӣʳβԶͻʹʧ
ʮӳĬˡ
Ǹˣһ׷˼
е飬ĲСû⣬ã˻ģѹҲֻܰοȰ˵Լһ䡰ɡ
˿¶֪жȴ
ʮΪԼޣΪϣΪФҺͻʼ˷磬վǼᶨվФҡ
û뵽ҵȴˡ
һسȴû뵽һջᱻԼһֱӺǰһֱΪ֪Ҳ֪Żᵼڻ
ʮӼԼ϶ֻΪ˸Լ¡Ĭ죬ٶȿڣ⺲ִôҪʲôز
賯ʮЦ£ƶϵȫģ˱Ƿˡ۸
Ц˵ľĺһԹ޵ʮӻһ㼦Ƥ
۸ǿʹúͯмڱǴһıᲢ۵Ĵְӽ˾𣬻ʵУս֡
νٴ


 145 

ʮ߷, ԼϵĶļ˺ܾá
˼, صĸǲ֪˵ʲôŽó׵ĺôͷϡǰôλ, ݱ¶Ѱ, ȴƹˡ
ֲֻȨֲ˵ʲô, Ϊе鲻ܿӦˣһӦ, ǻʵ۵Ĳԡ˭, ʵ۲ԡ
´£Ҫܵʵ
Ϊֹطԩٴ֮Уɻʵ˹ִܹСи, һֱһֲп, ٴֻ֣
һı, ıɱ游ĸ, ıɱһ, Ĳ۸
ĸһǱ, Ǳ, ǱȫңǱ׶
ʮ˽ΪԼܼ֤֮صһû뵽ԼгһջҪ֤
ʱ丮ϵĻϲջϲ, ˴ҽлȥ˵
һȥʮļıʿȻӦ
ʮصۡרȥһ·
ʮ˵ʮˣȥһôȻȻˣ
ʮӳ֣ϵ塣
ʮǰʮϵ塣е֣ΪʲôʮȻó˵ʮʱʹ͸һö塣
һöͼͯȤʺϺӻ꣬ȴʺʮڵ͡
ٵʮǰˡ
·ǽ£ءԴʧȥ˵һӣʮ·϶ɫΪٴЩɫߴĿˡ
ʮɻȴʵǣҪ
ʮԴͷϣӦһš
ʮó£öʣԴôţЦ䣺ҪǸ㲻ףͶʡϲ˭ͷ״Ԫһ콵ֻͯҪǽòͳɡ
ʮӦ
ʮɲߣƱƲãࡣͺˣЩȥһݣİ
ʮر˻Ӧš
һʮҲˣƿʮߴţҪȥͿȥֵˡҲһڸ㡣
ʮۻ߳ȥ֪ˡ
ʮۡʹſڡ
ʮ³Уȷ˻ʵ۴˿鷿ة顣ةǰ걾ѲôðͷǰλȨϲȻƢûΪʦҲͬĲǴµġ
ة౻ʵüأҲò飬ûʵ۵ʱ
ʮ鷿ǰʱةѺͻʵꡣ
ʮʮи뿪ˡ
ͷʵߵ̫೯ͷŵʮЦ˵ţ£ȥ
ʮԼۣ鷿ֱӹ¡
鷿һһ˵ţ븸ʣɥһ
ʶ߰꣬ΪԼ֮ܵίĸԸôһءǱȣҲǱ̬֪Լкܶӣкܶຢӣֻôһ
̫౾վ鷿ſڵģôһŵøϽŲ˵λáʮӹô֪²Ȱ˵ֹ۷鷿
鷿Ƕûʲô
̫ź󣬻ǽͷ¸˻ʵۣ¡ʮӵ¹ͷ볹ɥһ
ʵԼλϣһӣб¡̫Ļ̧ͷ̫һۣɥһ
̫װԼʲô¶֪Ӧţǡ
ʵ۽һˤԵĻͲ͡
̫ӲҿվһԵԼǸġ
ʵջûס˻𣺡һҪ޲ɣѾ˼޻ܣᴦ˾Ƕİǳ顣
̫Żʵ۷ŭ˳ŵĻҲ˵ĻҲ˵
ô˵أ
ز˫е
֪̲࣬סͷ̾ʵ˵˵ȥùФ֪ˣҲʵе㲻̹Фһʱ࿼˵Фң࿼˵ģľпԭ
ֻºܶ²пԭ᰸˾Ǵˡ

ʮڻʵ鷿ⳤһºܿ촫˻ʺС
ʺûйȰ˵˼ֻ˵һ䣺Ӽ£֡
⻰һܶ˶Ǹʲô顣
Ϣͨ˺ܶ࣬תͷ֪ʮΪԼʧȥǸӹġ
ѵʮԣǸǱ˺û˵ģ
кʺȻ֣
һȺ˱ϢŪЩ£һʱ֪ʲôӦѡǰͷôճ
ǰͷʵ鷿˶ãʮӾ˶á
õʮԼ˫ȷ飬𽥸е˫ʹû˸д
ˣҲۡ
ʮһ㣬úЦȻȥۡ
ڣʮǵȵԼʡ
鷿ſڣǺεѿӸ¿ԼĶӣǴƻʺ˫뵽ʺʱıͷŭͷֽЩ
ô˵أ
⺢ų󣬼𽥳ɳѵ˼Զĺӡ
ǵҲϣԼĺܳɳΪһλϸĵ
ǰ¾ͲһϸġΪΪãǰĺӴ˿Ϊֱ̫δ֡
ʮӹԼһߵͷ񣺡μʡ
ûаֵ˼Ҳ½ӽвȵĹ̬Ȳͬ
ĸ̵֪²ǸʻĸˣΪ˴˼ǰҲ룬᲻иõķ᲻ͷʲô顣
û̧ͷеиõĽи顣ʧȥҲزˡֻţе£͸õøʹ޳ʹǧ˶ȥҪȥ㣿
ʵ۳Ĭѷŵ͵޷͵ʮЩ
ȷʵʧȥľҲزˡ
ȷʵ˭û飿
ԼĶӽƻˡ
ˣ̫ҽʮ鷿̫ҽȡʵתͷ鷿ƽĪɽ
Ա̫Ӧ
ʮǱ̧Ž鷿ġ
ʵ۸
̫ҽǰʮӷȡġ
Īɽǰʱ򣬾ͼ鷿൱ӡʵƽˣĻû٣ֵ˵ʮ˵˵еͷβ˵˵
ĪɽһʱûӦʱ˵Ǻ£
̫ǽŹϣ޹˵ȫ鷿
ʵԼࣺФ
ĪɽӦǡ
ʮ˶䣬ӭĪɽʵǰĺˣϢ
鷿̸쵽ʲô˻϶֪ʵǰ˸ʣʮǰ˸ᡣ˽ܿҲ˵ôһ£Ҳ֪ôһ
ֱֹ죬ȫ𾪡
ʵ۲Ф棬˼ФФ
ФıɱسŮ졢кͯıɱʼ˾ڴǰǵļ׮أаһ顣
Ϣ˲֤ݣնһЩʱա
漰̫أǽΪһ׻˵ۡԭЩ߰ҥԸǳϡ
ϢǸԺ˵ġ
齫˵ֻ꣬Է˵һ䣺ȥ㲻Ҫٲ֡
Ӧ
Ҳֲ֡

 146 

֪Фʱ, ֵ÷з
ܶ˲²²ȥ, ûв³سŮʫʫͯǵĸġĵԿԺͷһȥ濵¥ﲼá
濵겻ھ¥, ڡ
ĺͷھ¥, Ȼ˲ΧȺڡһŽзİԣһΧ۸Сͷ״Ԫദ
ְԾߵĸо, ֱ̫
ƹƹǮյ, ԼٶǮֵֵõ⡣
Ĵ, ˿ͰòϵһҶӺͻƴھ¥¥ݴдһ޴󵽱˻ߵֲꡣ
оûأ˾̾ˡ
֣Ĵɫıװ, ǷЦ, ûŲۡµĸĿĸˡ
Աзεģչٴλ, кŷ裺ʲôʱݣ
תͷЦЦ, ش⣺ٹȥݡδܻ
µϢ, ׷׸˸ûʲôĻ
硰, ǿ̫ϧˡ, 硰ûû£ڿһҪ͸Сúù
ЩĸżһЦЦʱ仹æþ¥ò˳ԷǾÿ˰Ū, Ŀ
һŪĺͷһظ
·Ϻʷ裺첻æô
ЦɡʱĿջеġڸһʱ֣ٺ͸Ĵһһߡ
Ӧһá
С˼ʶȵ黰ǱҪģҪ顣ܿ˻Ҫȥܸͷٶһ
һ˸Ϻ͸ԼһԷ
͸𣬸վٻԼ䡣
ﵽΪֹ֪ͷФķ׷šû˸ҽ¸һһӡ
С
С෱࣬ʻŻáһãԺıһҲġ
껨򣬾鷿ʫʫ
֪﷢Щô֪ФֻôԴФأҲûʲôõĶԸˡ
Ʊж񱨡ɷ֮Էƺ뵽ý֡
˼ɡ
ſ̽ͷһһС㣬ȥһˣ˵ƽ˸˶һ¡
΢㶣æִСſڣͳȥǰŻǺţ
ͷǰŰ
Ӧ첽ǰȥ
ſںţŸģŸЦ£С㣬ƽ˵һҪԽϣ˭Ҳưɡ
ĵͷȥ
ƿӣͷºЦŵŮӣ߽ڣ¡
ʫʫͷϵŴӣŵͣþò
ļǰߵÿ٣˺ȴеִ٣һС顣
Լǳڱ׽ʵֿסͷԼС̲࣬סõʱԼ顣
Ӧʫʫºͣþò
ʫʫǿڹġƺƼ˸ĵĲɲûдǵ㲻ŵ߶˵顣
Ԫͷ顣Ԫ˾ǣǺܷࡣһǸ⣬óġЩûúչ㣬¶ûš
֪гѴҡͷûµġ
ʫʫû£Լ۸ġ΢̾ȡһľӣݸģǴͷһЩӣͷе˵ĹЩӵֲʽֲõķ˵ϲЩר̸ġ
ĽӹľУлл
ʫʫЦ
ļʫʫЦʳ˿ڣФҡ
ʫʫЦݵЩФ飬Ѿ֪ˡ
ļʫʫЦݶˣʫʫǲסڻûܸ㶮ΪʲôФѡԸʫʫΪʲôѡҪɱ
ʫʫ˰죬ǽһЩ
΢ۣ͸˵ФӾͺܲһ㣬ôԽԽû˾ʱҺͻʺͶ󣬶ֻʮĹ
ʱǶûɻ飬뷨̸ͬ
ҺԪʱʶ˵Цʱǵ˼ǶƣһҿߣȴʶԪԡһȥǾͿۡΪԵʣòƿ
ȫ
һڽˣûδġʫʫΪƼҺˣֵùϲעˡ̫Զ
ɸİϲɣҾͼɻ顣ȥǲҪġʫʫ˵ھͦЦ˵ǣʵͱˣҪߣҷˡ
ģ
Ӧе̫һ
ûҾͲҼšҪǼͷʪ͸ˣһֲˡǾίͶ˼ҡʫʫ˵ڱ²⣬ľٴ롣ٺ֪
΢ͷʶһ㣺ԪΪֹڰŻʵ¡ֻûھǶѡ
ФͱСǶ档ʫʫ˵Ҳ֪ʲôʱϲϵԪԣ֪ʲôʱ֪ԪԺһ¡
ʫʫ˵Ф̲סҡͷ̫ʱ̫ˣһϾһ״Ԫɷ״Ԫȴֻϲ㡣
ĺȻ㵽֣΢˶ӡ
ȷʵ
ǷˣһĺҲʵ˷裬õһ˿ᣬôѰͨˡ
ۣһض¶Ϊ˵ϲˡ¡ʫʫģԪԿŮʺжӡ㶮ҵ˼ô
ĻȻ
ԭˡ
ʵ֪ʫʫԪһûϵŮҲûϵ˸ӣͷͺܳ⡣Ҳʱʵ۲ԪԻʫʫ֣ʱһã˭Ҳ׼ı䲻䡣
ʫʫǶοӣʵѣҼߣֳɵФʱͲ󣬸ûŪҩǸʲôʵĶתͷҲˡ
΢㶣ˣ
ʫʫͷҲ֪ʱע޺󡣡
պ
ʫʫǣٺԪԲھСФԺȾƣԺѰ֡һһ硣ָûãҲûˡ
죬ȴ޻˵
ɻ
ٺͲɿˡʫʫԸ˵㣬ԼѧԼƲסԼȻѷˡעҪԲϲʲôͻʲô㱩¶ԼҲںˡ
˭ܺһӽأ
ķԼ˵ʲôл
ôܹ꣬Ҫոβʫʫʾô飬Ҫ۵ġ¹غԪԣҲͽվϡ
һʲôѵѳɶ֣
ʫʫŸģФҶԻʼжִҪһФڱǶ䣬٣еøȫʬ
˵ַ¡
ΪФ
ʫʫ˵ҲŸĳҹģˣЩȥЪ¡»ФЩڱǶҧĺôȫ³ͷкõĶҸš
üۣϾǸܺߡ
ıܾһ⻰㻹ǵͷӦˡ
ʫʫӦ˵ġھˣȴòھõôӦõġ
źһظˡ
ʫʫӦ
ĶҪˣʫʫһɣô
ĳʫʫЦЦšܿҪˡ
ʫʫЦÿ˵㣺Ǿͺá
ĵͷԹԳ
صſڣȥվǶ˻
֮󣬸ͷԼ˵־֣ûʲôطҪġҪ֪ΪʲôֺˣΪ˼ͬĳ֣Ϊȥֱͬ
ſѣС㣬Զûȥˡ
ĳŹµͷš
ս˺ߣЩ£Ǹþʹ˽˵ġ


 147 

Ļص, Լӡ
ʫʫǰסĵط, Сʮһ·߶, ϳʵڲࡣ
ФηС
ηֺܶ֡
еηֲҹ, ˹⣬ԶԶ͵, ˰һֵصһءеη˸С, ˿ɫ仯, ̫Ҳܿ
ηԪסη
ݻ;߱, ļ, ֻȫΪʶֵͣ, ȥӰ
ФûôõĴ, Ҳ̫, иСڿԷֱҹ
ǻʼ, ǣస, ΪФˣһķ䡣д̱죬йͰÿٷ
Ȼ, ޾ơ
ФǱͷ˽ģ·Ҳû¡йصĶȫˣһԼ·ǿ㱻һϡ
ܱߺܰ
ηﲢʱ޿̶˻󺰴еġڴ˵ǿ̫ӴᱻȥŮᱻҪֹա
ûԣææµµûˡ
ФΪǸչؽûκλҪȻ֪ԼȥҲȥЩΪˣη㣬Ǳа㣬á
һ
£ϵĸɲݶǶڳ˵ż˳ĵĵأͽǸɲݴᣬ̶ܹ۹ȥ
ıǻͨģͬٵˣͨҲһЩ֡
ľͲ̫У滭ı²Լѧһ
Ф뵽Զ˶٣ּǲһ˻
ûôԡˮԺЩ˿ڣǱϴˡһ£ŻѪ·ҲûãǾŪ֣ˮϴ
ηĲÿعˮľսģʹ
ФôЩˣԼһ˳Լ׳ȥ
˾˶һˡ
ʵ֪һֻܹҪ߸ʽѺ֪ηġûʲôòϵģֽ˰׵׺־Ͱӡ
ؾأ̶Ҫ
ФҽǮòǷУФ˽һФ
ͷΪʦФˣǺǳһ˵һͨΪФҵ𺦵Ļһνֺۿ˵һ䣺αأ
Ф̧ۿԼס
ǰαأ
һУ˴£ͻҲ֪ôͻġͷûţһЩתãˡ
Фϻغͻʵۼ泳ʱָ𻰣ƮƮһвɡ
Ф˱˦ȥ
ʱֹȥ죬Īɽһˡ
Ф֪Īɽ̧ͷأ
ĪɽָФһֽڱϷһкɫӡࣺؾˡû㡣
Ф㶣ǵͷֽϰָӡֽϵݣûп
Īɽֽͷ뿪
ʵϧţеߡǰһֱûФһʵϲФ黭ǹ̫࣬ҲФûûˣˡ
زǻʵФϢͿԴɵġ
سϣԼʺͻϣжϣͷϰϣФҶ޲ʡФҸ¶ϡ
ڷ˼ϣϢ
Фη˴Ƨĵأû㱻ͷš
ûӣصеˣһټõķˡ˵ǼãȴȲվо¥ԣֻв⣬ĸһơ
ÿһڣȡ˾ƣԼǰơ
ϻؼʫʫؼԼ
Ժ÷ڶ죬ͱη
Ѻ͵ĳصģô¶⡣ֳΪ˷ֹû̾ͱġõͷͷһСһѸôʧĸܡ
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ
ͷ˵ԼµĴ޹أߣϣһ̾ȥŶһȷʵҪȥˡ
Ф̨
̨Ӻܸߣߵܺá
յ̫ܴ
͸ȺȺеǻص˾ǣټһ档ǰһۡòδ䣬Ƕǰǰ㿡ʡ
Фۣʹ˱롣

ûȥ̡
˲˭ȥ֡
Ф죬˵ФҺ;һЩѧһͼٷ;֡ƽԴ˽ʰɾԼץЩˣȥÿһߵļſڻһȦ
൱̼仰ֶ˵ϡ
ûȥҲûܿһĻڸ̾Ϣ
ٴݣߵǴҴææģһϲ롱ܷɿ죬ûܳɹˡ
ֻԼĬĬȥ濵ҵľ¥˳ȴºӵĵ
ʫʫ;һأʸҪҪһ뿪ǡ
ڸ˵ԪԺʫʫĸ͹ĸ˫ԼҪ
ھǺú÷չԼĻ̣׼ס׺Ŭͷ׬Ǯסȥ˵Сӡ
ľܾʫʫԪһݻ滭ǿ˲٣ûɫʽ䣬Լƴ˳͡
õģ⼸ʱϹġ
ʫʫºָһ¸ĵԴˡĳû˵ԼЩΪ⿪ĵĶЩʲôֻ˳Ÿĵͷھͦõġ
ЦӦţһὫ̿ϱԺҪлǣͺ׶档
ʫʫӦӱ뿪˾ǡԪԽµĲ£һ˾ǡƽְʱ䲻ھעܾܶãܿҲߡ
תǾøľÿյ˺ܶ࣬ȱһƵġ
ĿյУӰ
Ӱｻʱ賿ֵ߽òڵŵ˶̫ãԺתúһƵģ䡣
ĸƽ󣬸ǰһڣǿйһʣĲβ裬Ż
ɲʮʺ꼻ǰһʢ˲ժ»ֱ꣬͵˸˵͸ġ֪ϲ£˶˵㲹Ʒһġ
ĵɾ˲űŽȥ
ڴͷ͹˵Żڱ߽ǴﶺС
ӰֵֺźƵģСͨ죬ø˭˭ˡȴǻ˵һһϲǽ˵ǻò߻иʱͷ緶
ſСϣ۾С˼ʱҪҲѹ￴˰ɡ
ںӹӣϵĺȥ껭ϵĴСӡÿ¿ˮĪ⣬Ҳû⡣
ûСӤЩʱΣ˵֪ǸӶЩ׶Ρѧʱ档
ܲؼҵĸӦɳ⡣
С̫ˡ
ôܣֺǺǺͷ˺һģ
СԴʺţıУ濵Ҿ¥ĸǰɣ˳Լһ̽˾ﲻٴ¥ͻ¥ĵӡ
濵ľ¥Ҳڼ̵ʱڱ죬ΪһسԾ¥Ϊ
ߣߺɣŬȵұʾ
Щ춼ˣĩոȡβ±ͷը̻дˬģҸȤҲ԰ԤյĻԡ׶԰ղһ~

 148 

濵ľ¥ߺ֮еġ
ͳ¥, ܼſһ̻, β䣬, ġ˱, תͷ𺳣뵽Դ
зָ, ôҶľ޴ֲ뻮ֲ֡԰µ˸Щ, ֮ͬСлǵ׺, ǰһľϲС
һ·ߣ·Сۣ̬ȹȴģżˬʸ, ˾ʵ
¥ż, һһÿһһֻΪ, ֱһ滨ǽԻ, ˶һ, ̲סҪ⼸ķɡ
ﶬļж仨С޴Ѳ㡣Ͼ̶, ÿһ䶼ǲͬȤζ
רÿչ̶, ⾳֮С
Ͽ;ϲ¿ͺ棬¥ĵͷһӾʹǮȤ˶ߡ
, ˵ŴС̼֮˲£ʵʧͳƭˣʿϲֵѽ濵¥
żƣͷ˶׷˵ˡ
ͷ˺Լûȥոֻ֣һװģȥʺǶ밲˳˵䡰СʱҲ㻨֮Ļ
Ȼʺֻһ̾ŵ֪ȥˡ
˭¸ľһ
׬ǮҲ˳
һȵְ½͢һȵİٹٴҲƽٿٹٸôĴְְԶݵķ⺲ֺ͹ͷһƷ
ǱԱкһյ״ԪδһֱӽĹԱ˼ٶȣĽòСȻĽĽȥݳԿ࣬Ҳһ⡣
˭֪ȥݻûб»
˶֪ףؾѡҪְһܲһӣ˭̾뾡취λ˻Ļᡣ
ת붬봺
ʱͷĿ̻˶ȸԾǰһյľǶͼٵƵģ˸ס
ıͲ÷һسߴ磬ڸæ͵Уøɻһɻ汾Ļŷ磬ѹ鷿пӣջǵٽֹʱ
Ŀȫ죬ŵƽʣȹʱӸ䡣
ϲִӸſ˽ĹϷһء
ֽʣڸϲЦտæµţ̧ϵĳˣŵͷﻹҪġ
˵ʦӦ
һͷæͷ϶˱˼Լͷϵĺ˽ϱõĸǹиһȺѾͷѾͷǴȥͷָסЩ˼ҡ
ᵽĹѽѽһֵĸӰһϲ·һһЩϸڵطţѯߵĴѾͷ軹û
Ѿͷͷţſۣû˹ٶȻشŹĻǻû
ǸĴϲӣҲǷûؾӡ
ıǺһ֣ʱ㽫鶼׵
Ȼƻϲϱ仯ǰǶɲɳ˵ȥ֧;һСε̰ӿˡ⺲ֱյʵٻصָ̻ؾˣѴһ˹ȥȼ
һȼҲ֪ܸܲϻ
Ͷã·ѱãھͲô˻ؾ
Ǻģֲֳֻܱ鷿š
ĴϲױݶãͷǶѸϣڹ뷿Ⱥʱ
˶ĲȥȫſںšС࿴仰˵׵ֻһˣ˵ȥ˵治˵˽ﻹǻЦġ
ʹڳﱸʱûɵʹûκαͣʹͷյĺ͸͵Ļ񶼴˸׵
ԼСͷһأҲⱲΨһһأȱ˸ܹһ¡
ɣڵľǸС㻹Ƿˣǿɶ˲෹ˡԽԽñ䡣
˶ģȫͷǺɫĸȴûô˵뷨
źͷգգۣ̲סЦ¡
ǳ飬û𡣳ȱɣСٲֹͨͨ
ԳڴҲһšڴŷĻҲԽеšǺ˵Ľ־塣˲ڣ΢һ㡣
˵õһȥǼǣǷǩ֣ھǩ֣ȥ˵Ǽǡ˸û
ڹټǶһˡ
š֨һƿ
̽ԴȻ˼ڣߵߣС㣬⹫ӻû
Ӧһ֪ˡ
ģС㣬⹫ΪղųӡҲģֻǡ
Ļºͻһ顣
죬ԼСһǶеԼСίۿֲҿޡǸϲӣǲܿ޵ġСõ˰ô¶ûƾأ
СѾͷүĲۡ
Сĥѣò׵һˣҵгɣ˭뻹
Ķ˶٣ŵ˵ȴ˸飬ýүǷ⹫ˡ
飺
鱻ԼСЦˣС㣡
ЦѵҪ๫ǽз
ȥе
ôи飬Ҳô
ͷԴϽ鱦ͷ̫أãֱֻͦӣĥųƺ⣺ʵзҲһζ
һϵ˱仯ܾýʲôǳ˼
ţԼǺˣʲô롣
˾ԼС߶ˣ죬ͳ˲ڣʲô˵
ԽԽ˼ȥУɾҲЩ񳪴Ϸġ곤꣬˵иô
һ£øº͵ɤһ硣
Ǵ
Ҫڴح֮䣬ǿǡ̼
е졣
ƺϤ΢ͳ⧲˸Ķߣŵøס˲ʧ
ΪȫȻûֵĽŲһ٩ͨ졣
еĻ˽˵˵ˣ˵ǰô£
Լ˫ۣΪͷţˡ
գǿһԼŭһԼСѾͷ飡
֪ǰŸ˵˷⹫ûžͼˡſڣȻסæŽڣȥ⹫ȥүϲʱϵˣСҪ
Ｑˣ
Żţ÷ȫȻ
豻ĵķӦõЦЦøı˵ˣ̣ߵú޲õصȥƫе˻û֪֮ץСѱͲ֣ǶЦ˵ţæϻû·¾ȥˣԵȵȡ
ָ߬·뵱ԡϧʶ̫ѣϹ̵̣Ȧߺ죬費ȥ
軹͸Ķ˵䣬˭ųţý˾־ųץסӴҵķˣôС뷿
ŷ豻ץȥĺЦ̴֮һ
Ҫ


 149 

ɻ̷ǳ, ˵ôǲȫǾֵ䡣
ǰһ챻űҪ˵Ļ, ûʲôڣҲǵðŹ˵
ڹ뷿û̫, ͱٴλ, ǰá
ͷţֻܿôһ·ġ
ÿһ, ʹһڡ뵽ˣͽ, һֱŵվ, Ա˳ţݡˡ
˳ŹأǰİݣԼӺۡԴϵĶ̫أʵеԲ
ǰǸĸλ͹ĸλ, λÿšλöԱλ, ֪˶ףʫʫԪԵλá
ԪԺʫʫǲ֤ĳ, ֻǺͻʵ֮ϵ, Ϊ˸ĺ, עǲָա
͹ﰴ˵ŸĻ, İƻػ, ˵İݡ
꣬һ˼ҸŮзȥзĺͷ⣬ԽȥĸĽȫ첻ó
˷
ֱӱ˷
ĶԼղ˵˵ʲôˣͷ𽥿հסԱ˽װϴ, ͼװϴ޶԰ݣͷ޶԰ݡ
ߵġݡˡͣȴֻʣԼЬӼ⣬ԼԼɼķЬӼ⡣
ŸͷκģоԼɤۣͨͨͨͨ
ƣ
õ˾Ʊȵζģúȡɸİû֪
ͣ
ĳԵ˶
ƣ
ƣҪͷһȡ
ŶߴЦɵ֪Լôȵİ«ľơȻǳ˵㶫ý˵һѻϲȻ·ˡ
費ҪȥӦͣĲҪڷȷٽҸͷ
ľԼ·Ҫ˵׼תͷѾˡ
ãȻ޴˵ĴڣȫȻû˲ǰ˵ЦľצСè䱻ͻȻס˵ĺ󲱾еʴӡ
ˣ
һ
ˣ
ĳ޷˼ۣԶ߽
һ΢΢̽ǱأһּΪٶȳŲšĽëһԼǰĺɫȥ
¶ڣȻ·
ɱǿ˵ױ˵ۣ˫ջЩ֬ۡüĺرۣɸĶ˷˫󣬰㶼޷ǵˡ
贽ǺЦģë˳΢䣬ҲͶʮͣȴ˾áǿиˡ
ܸܵͷǻ䣬ŷժͷϳصͷڡ
Լ˳ͷɢԼϣա
Ĳ֪Լڷͬһ使޵ĺõ壬ڻƯ˾þĶǡ֪ͷԿհףǰƽ⣬Ҳûô⡣
ЩƷȫŵ˴ⱸõİϣ΢ۣĴ
ɡ
ʱǴǶմȾϵ֬ȾһƬ͵ʲô˲õĶ׵մ֬øĺ룬ΪҲ˾ɫ
ִ
ԼǸˣԭø߸ڿϵ̳Ⱦ˳̻ȴ֪ǰҲԾӣԼº͵İ׻
ϱصĺԲһ֪࣬ʲôʱȫɨ˵ϡ
һ̰
ʱһͷ
Ĺˡ
ʶǵڶ졣΢˶Լûܣ޲úһݺҧһĳЩ˵Բ
ֱսһЩ峿ɳƵɤ˯
Ŵͼһŷ衣
ڱŶ˶ͱһֻŸס˺ЦȰ棺Ҷˣ˯޵òô
ˣ
࣬ƴԼС봷вŵļһ
һøĳ˻ǳҧһ£һЦЦøĲҶװ
ҪôеҰʰ£
ļװ
ģ
Ĳ
ӣ
תͷԼŵӣ޲һ㣬Ϸʵ˵
ɷģԸûԸˡǲĿĲݣ˵ϲһ˼Юһ˼ܸ㻨ԼãǾ;᲻㡣
ϵĳƺڵĸֳƺ
ֿһЩ¶˫ЦۣڸĴһ¡
ǳߡ
˼ȻСĲҲӡٴһ£ֵɵģЦ
šˡƺ˻ǡ
ŸոձᵽƷ͸ôƺˡǰֶûС
˵ʲôҪĻû뵽һححȫ¶ʲôûҪ̶ȱиϽۣװԼû
öۣץô
ߵָ˴ֺӶϸԼ輡ǵӡǡ޳̶ȿüĵǵ㡣
군۱ŻײС
ľԼѾװˡĺ뵱ͷأйһԼֲǸϰߵˣֻڱ졣
ϤϤ·
תԷ裬˫ۡ
ϤϤϵ
һ
ϤϤЬӡ
ģ
أˡȻʼĽǲҲװ۵ġ
贩һУͷɢš
ѰһߣûѰԼķֲȥЩͷΣĵ·ش︵Ĵһ·
ͷãһͷһСűһҷ̬㵱Ц
ڴߴ˴ġ
ı˶ʲô
裺ˡ
ĲתȥϴԼ·
ͷſڣܼӰȴû˸֣֨ĿԼ·
ԼµģֻǾøľ͸źŴ¡˽ź̫㣬á
Ұ㡣
ҲҪ
ҿԵġ
Ҳԡ
˷ǳɽŶԻ÷費òٶȴ˴ĵʲôɡɣҲڽһڣͷñ
ĽԼŵø֪ҾԼ·
״·ŵߣקקأҪƱˡ
Ȼתɷ衣
ֱĶЦԴյĴߣһڣŵΣŻҰ㴩һءԺҲҪҴģҪƽЩɣɻӵ·Ǽ˰æġ
ɡ
ûɻǺܶ
ȷʵŮӻһ·ͺͺϵһ
ԥǲ°ɣ
跴ɻ󣺡ôɻ˻ôϸ
ļ迴ôΪģĪԼǶûѧãûע⵽顣ҪԼҲҪ贩ҲǲС

صǿһ£Ҹ㴩·
֣صͷţɡǾҪˡ
ıƭ˸ףվŮƽȵӽϣȫûӦﲻԣԹԷԼץӵ֣̽ӣɷ·
ǳɻ顣
ִ˸졣
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 150 

, Ӧøĺ, ȷʵ֡
︵Ĵ·˾, ǳϸĵĽĵÿһϵϵ˸
˶ûͷ, Լģڸĵͷ, ֻˡ
˽ţǸϴ, ǰæ˵ķ, ȷ»һŲʲô񶼲ܣ˵Ÿλг̡
ˣСүͷɹС̵̫үûţ鷿͹үĸ׺Ȳšһ, ּ˵㶫Цӯӯүк뿪ˡ
渵ͷϴһõɫ, žﻻ˷ٿʽС㣺С͹үȥүһ, ȥ͹һá
Ӧ
迴Ÿĸճɻͻ˷, ˺ͼ˻ϡĵĸ, ͵ķ͡
ڼ, Ūɿ巽һЩͱҪæ, Ūһܼ˵ģ
վߵߣ߰ɡ
Ӽ룬ŸЦЦӦһ
˽鷿ȥ
鷿С, ͷĸûһʱеѰͷ踸óĶԶӣûɶ˵ˡ
⸸ҲĺܣϾʮ㣬㸵̬ȼãҲֲþĸоճ̫һϴе㲻Ӧ
˳ٳٵ˾裬˹Ƕһֽѵң
ĺͷ赽鷿ȰŹأλ裬λ䣬ͲλıŤ
⸸˸ͷʹǣò䣬ȥſڡ
Ʒ裬վԼߣЦЦԼҸĶӡ
ܵߣĽͣҵϲֿףƽձȽֱֱȥɡ
ĵͷ
ֽ˴Ժӡ
ԺǶ飬ǸٻɫƤԱ߰һССһСɡɡ»С
Ӱɡѽѽץ˳ڿˮҲǿҪ¿ˮֻ°Ͳÿأ̲סરͣˮͱ³ˡȫµı
ĺͷ賯Źﾴ衣
Ӧ˲ͳ˰֣ˣճɻԸȥ̫ҪĶþͽд򿴿ɻһҪעӡ
Ӧ
ǰǺдģҲǲֻŮƤøӣʡԸ໰˵úǲϲ
ĺͷһ쾴ʹ˽
˾֮⣬Ҳûʲô顣
ִ٣ܶණԼͷԼŸһȥᶫĸӲţԼںͷǶ˰ϰ¡
Ŀڿᶫ
⸸˿̲ڣǼȥԼĻˡ
ҪǰЩ顣ļ൱׼ƽʱ͹ƺλãʮֿ졣˾Լ˽ļżٶȡ
֮⣬ҲԼС˵ĳЩֵСڼ
Сɵľ񣬻СˣСմˡ
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ЦŻػҵƽʱܱŶ飬ͷҴġֵǮ붺֡
һȺ˺Ц
⸸֪δһ츳ĺӡ͵ѰһԴ裬÷СɳһΪ˵ĵߡ
Żķ裬ͷϲ
ºüȴûСϲ˵
жϳػŸЦõȡ
Լ·¡·άôţܹĺۼ
ŷ衣
̧ͷٶ̧ͷҲ˵ͶסΪԼǶ׵ͷԼ·Լôˣ
һЩ΢תͷЦ˵ûʲôˣظ
ӽǾͽͬһ

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쵽ÿ꣬;һ꽫ҪȥһƺҲûôӡ
ֶʱȫȻ֪״̬ʵҸʱ̡Ψ޲֣Ż˾ð׾Թ϶ʱۡ
ʵС²ϣҲˡ
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лɹ˴£ղͷòؾ£ǳɹصǣΪ١濵⣬ʵ䷴ͷҲȥˡ
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ر࣬һƶȣϸ淶ƲƶȣݣûһȺվǶƲⲦһרƶУ漰˿ڣ̻üݴֵ̼վǶ
תͷһƶȣԭϮľ˿ɸũũľо˱֮⣬ʿҪĻָȣũǱҲվǶ
ͷ˵ҪðնӴµĵӣҪƽ£츣°աһֳ˵ʳ¾ܸԷչǹҲվǶ
ݺ;ǹ˵Լ濵̲ʹͷ˵л˸⳩ͨ
ةº󣬽λôԭ顣λ鼫˳ʵ˼ʵֽϣǡ£һʱޡ
ʵڶԱͦģóͦ͢õģ°Ҳͦõġαôءÿطһһ飬Ǿ;ԼͼתͷͶŻʵۣ÷˴˾ٴƣӢıԶǣ֪Σ
ʵô˵
ʵҲû뵽ôܸɡ
տʼôӵľٴ룬ڵģԼҪ໨˼Ŀ÷裬Ҳ÷һվڳ֮ۡ
˭뵽ͻȻǮ˽ҲͻȻǮ
ֻ֪ôʵֻۣ֪ڳӷ֮ƽĻʵۣһãȻûסô޸·ļߣǾͻȻȻ˺Ǯתͷ͢ҲǮ
кôðײõĻʵۻñŷ轲ۣר·ũĵµ࣬Ӷȫ񱩸ſΡ
ʵ֪Ƿöʮ꣬ػصײٴ׵ĵ
񸻣ǿǿ
ÿһգǳ׵ϲˡ
ڸģǰ㲻õ䡣
һĳԴӺԼϲھеһСоˡΰȫ֡
꺣ˣݼҶݡԶϵֲꡣֽдţĶֲݼҶ֮øӷ֣СøЩոǲ֣ιţ򡣡
±ʣ֣飬ֽ鷿ϣǷæķ˿ԽžͿ
ʧЦӦǡ
ߣݼ=ͷˡ

 151 

齫ֽīŸһЩ, ŽֽմϽ, 鷿ſڴ
ĺͷѰһլӾס, 븵Զ
ǮһǸĳ, һǷġտʼֻ˸ܣͷܶණûǮȻһ, ָ·͸ĵĿƷһѣȫԽլӲ, Ǿȫᵽ¼ҡ
⸸סڸڲԶ, Ϊ㡣ƽٻǺԼһȺֵͷɻȾƣʮ
ĺͷ˼ҲûкӣһҲо, ޾, Ŷʮ꣬ͻᡣҲô˼
Ȼ, ˾ͷ۵һ, Ｔʹɭ, ſڳ˰, סӰСħͷ
ӰСһӼΪƤ, ӱĵܻܵҪƤ
ʼºͱ飬ѧϰǺǿģǷǳ²ˡϲÿˣòÿĸ
ĺͷǾò, һпվܡ
סˣҲҶԲżĺӶ֡
Ӱ͸ҽ˴͸ԸŴӸտʼͼȥˣСһȥͨġ
ĶʱͯĹ綮²˽⣬ܾøӰǸӣǾͳȥ
һֱͨʮӵĹϵֱӽӰͷʮӶӵİ
ǸӰԴһһǺýӴˣҲǳ˵Ľ
Сħͷճͳˣ°£㣬㡪
ʱرЦڳϻ÷ˮ𣬽³Ҫ͸ӶǶ£Ҫ״ʵһЩˡ
֪˵ʲôǺá
̧ͷ齫ֽã豭˿ˮһ飬ϻؿĵط¿ǰ飬Ǹдģͷ˺ܶͼ
ֱϻһŻ壬ʮ͸
һĻ
Ф󣬲֪ôʮӹϵ𽥱áͷʮӵǱƣŲҲʮĹϵ
˵һж˳ǾԼҲ벻гһͻȻӭһơ
һ
ûҴŸģɼԼСȻǽסЦһ
ԴСɻܾ֮˱ǰӺͻһЩǰº绨ˮһЩ
תͷӵȡǲֹ𻨸ɻãһС㵱͹СԼһ⼸һֱ½½šϧѽﶼСˣСȻңԶɹţûа˼

ɹš
ȡ䵶ڻԿȫϸһƬ⣬ԼСҪס֣߷ǳʿˮ
û룬һ˺ЩƬ⡣
ӷһߣȡһ̣ٴظԼĶһ̸⡣ȶһ̺һЩͷסð
ڲĨȥ֬ҲϴֱӽԼ䡣
ⲻ˶ڻȸԾţףһֵĻгɹš
߾ֵط൱׿սһЩĨĳɹ⼸꣬˴еִų⻰
۹ⳤԶˣǵЩȴЩÿˣϣһӶҪپսҡ
оóһ˫һᣬҲսĹš
һ˵Լǰġ
һе͵ꡣһɹɫ΢ݣʵܱŮ̲ס࿴ۡĿ飬;ǶɽȻͬ
ǸʶɣһЦͳһɵ¶İÿɰлл
ЦŪĿ˼æתͷԼȥۣЦôɵʲô
Цøɵɵе㺩
ӹӣץҲԾԵ൱ġ
տõ൱ζһֵĲζԭھǴô⣬û뵽ɹŻôҳԡζ;ǲͬԶ˺ڲ壬ζá
ӳԵÿҰ۸Ҳ˵㣬һҸ˴ɹŵģǶѵãˡ
ֳŹЦһ¡
˼Ц̲סʧתͷúúõһ꣬һЦͱ¶ˡĹɲϲɵֻϲȥӺ
ѱϣһӱƴ򶷳ɹȥԼİŮ󰮡ֻ졣
ӾͶǶ⣬롣
˹˻ܹӵ֣ɲҪˡ
ͷӡͼӻ쳯˻֣ʾԼ
˹˼
ƬϣӶϲ޵֣ӥڻʨӡȵȣŮӸϲǹ⡢¡ҫһ֡
Ĳ
ǹС㡣˲ϰ߹ٻúܹŹֵĵŹԴǸʾţ˹鷳˰ɣ
üСǶˣѰԵĶѡ
ڻϼĸ˹Ӳ˵Цܻͦˣվһ̯ǰͷüѡŶ֪Լڴȡ
΢۲һΣܼ˹ûʲôǮֻǺ涵У˽ŻĹ
࣬ڼڣȴܱһ۾ʹȺаһ̫⣬עĿ˲ⶼС
˹ͷŻֻǳ⡣
һڹٻǻԲ
˸Σǣ⡣
˵ĺ˹һ
ˣôףֻȫٲԵ¿ɾûˡ
ҡҡͷǾܾ˹
ûʸ˹ͼ˹͵ǰһֺãԡҪۡ

˵Ǻ˳
εȥһ⣬Լƽʱ⡣ȣʶԼԳˣе㸹ءŲٻ
ҪȥӱϴӻҪһΡ
ӱŲ
˹Լָʹܣָ˹վߣѧĽŲһߡ쳣쿴ߵĸ˹
ҲǹҪɸ˹ӣ˹ֳģ˾ͻС߰ĺͯ
˹ܵߣŹֺЦһ¡
Ц꣬˵һ䣺ۣóԡ
ǺܺóԣҪ٣ⲻӵûζ
ߵӱߣγóͲҶӽϴе۲ϴĸ˹ҵӱʲô
˹ǰŮӣ룺⡣
Ƴ۸˹ʱҲʣΪʲôҪң
˹ŹɵЦһ£ֵ˹䵶ѵҼҶ͸һλӵġھǴ١
ĵǹõġ
Լ˵ɹŷΪܶ䣬ÿ䶼Լ졣һͳʱһͳ˧в䣬ɢʱಿǸԻţΪɢ
⵶һģóڴ
Ĭ
ɵӸ黹Ǹ塣
ߣüδɹ˹- -

 152 

˹ֻǲԭͨĶɡᵽԼ, һ㡣
Ц, ⻹
Ҷ壬ϲǵĲҶܶ˳, áԼ, ҲϲǺܶණܺóԣܺá
Ÿ˹ЦЦá
˹ͷǺܺáǻʵ۲ϲ
Գ֪һЩ, ˽ⲻǺܶࡣֻΪһĿȾĹټӵܱԹһҲû취ǰϴ̡ҪǵĶ
˹ͷزãûֲ⡣
һ£ɹʹ, ϸʵɱˡҲˡڵĻʵ۲, Ҳܡλ⣬ͦõġ

Ȼʾɹ飿
ɱʹðٹڳ͢ϴͷŵģû뵽淢˺ЩءŴҵӿɲȻǶ, һ¿ɶȥ, һʱ˵˭˭
ǲʹҲϹ顣
˹ûо˵ڡԴ͹Цţʲôϵ
øɾպ, ΢̧°, ش˹⣺ֳ
˹𣺡
ͷ, ̴ֶЦһһΪһԡ
һ, ˡ
Թܺ, ɹһ˻˵ĹϵɹŶ꣬ƢԭĲڻ˵ɹŵı룬̧žͳŸ˹ȥ˵ʲôأ
˹㶼û㣬һץס˹Ľ, Ǹ⣺Ǹ
ͼԼĽţȴȫûܳء
ŭԼǰˣԼϣſٴͼҪԼĽš
˹ĽСɿȴûϵԼҲ˴˶ȥæվȥˣһקס˹ֱۣԼ
ԭͱԼͻȻŵ˭ֱ˺Ȼǰ˶⧲״̬һԴڸ˹°ϣӴһ˳
˹°ͱײһ£һ۵ü
ȻŹֻԼƾݺȥʲôأ
˹°ۣǽۣһί˵ľ룺ˤš
ίίӡ
һԼĶͷˣߣʲô°ͣƵġ
ΪҪʲô⣬ԭĵ
ɵӡ
˹ҪߣæϣŻڸձһţ·ȳһ¡㿪ڣǵùˣֳһ׹һڹ
ƽղû
ɹţһѧ֪ʶһ滹ҪŹ⡣
óԭ׺ܴ󣬺ȥݸˮʮӲóߡʵ۲ϲˣֲϲɹţȫλķˣŶ˺ó˾޴ĸĹۡ
ʮӺ·ߴ󲿷½УʵĬ˵ġ
ʮӺ͹һѳóߣŲ׬Ǯ˷ġ·˼룬;ĲٵطһЩ
ˣͻࡣ
Щ궼ɹţǹ𸮵ˣȻ͵ðæ¡
˸һ·ͣסŲתͷŸ˹ûкٸңСҴ㡣
˹죬еԥһһЩ⡣
û뵽˹⻹ûꡣ
Сηκ⣬Ƕʳġһ٣ִ֪硣תӣ˫أʮ㣺ʡ
˹ͷŶǲûɷ򣿡

˹Źı飬ͷһæһ仰ǣ룬Ȣ㡣
һʺţû˹ôȻðôһ뷨ǲвŵҶһûʶõŮ˵ֻ
¬ǸӣԶɹšŮ컬ĲŵӸ࣬õִ
ھʮͳףɹŶʮĶûס
𸮲ԼԼȫȻҪѰһԸġ
װͰͶŸ˹𣺡ƨԣ
˹һ£еãȻɶ˼⣿ȥʲôû
ԥԥֳɣСĻŹĻҲǺƨԡҾסҼܶ࣬Ҳܶࡣ
һĻĻԵúܸЦ
ε־ԼεǰǶԵԼһͻΪӽƽϡ
͸Ĳͬ
Ȼɻ磬ͷûóɻ߲ɻʲô⣬ϲɻ飬ͷе⡣
ʮģھǵĹȦǺˡ
ʵʼ͸˹ţţôģǮൽԽ˸ˣ
ŮһİǡƽκһˣǶ׺ݣһҧȥɿڵͣǰǸʲô⡣
˾Ǵһܡ
˹Ϊһ࣬ãȻŻôǼеߡΪҪͬţһˡҰҶʲôۣ

û˵˻ʲôʲô
ôĽ˸ˣҪˣͷҪ֪飬嵽ɹ
úһɵԼɵӻɵӡ
պԼĵתߣԽԽ졣
ŮŮ;ǲͬŻϲתͷѱϾԼ衣ƽϲ۰ﲻ˾ƾͺͱƵģúܣɶ¶ͷʲô͵ʲôˤӻȻȾƿףףȻɶԡ
ɣӥ޾
ɿס֣ûþ˵׵¡
Ǿ۽缫ߣŵĹ൱ˡͷۣ֪˵ʲôźá
ų̿죬ֿȺ꣬ûþûӰ
˹ִ׷ģ׷׷Ҳˣʧ俪ʼԼǶߡ
Զˣͷּˣ˿
ֶɵӵǶų˵ģֱǲ
벻ͨôи˹ˣû뵽Լȥϲࡣλ˹ȷûɻ飬Ҳ֪֪ʱס׷
ɹеСһ̺ӣһĥɵִ
ûˣͼˡ
ſڴͷһƤӣ䴧һɵĸ˹ûסЩʲôֲס
𸮲޸һ˵ġô˵Ǹϲǵɡ
˹գգۣ󣺡㲻ϲôϲʲôҸһҡ
΢ͷϲϵǡ
ϲǿա
˹סеѡϵûժģû͵ϡ
룬⵱ȻѵġֻǸС˵һǽǿգҲǽϵ͵ǰ֪ǰͳʲô
еˡ
ȥھǵ
ϵǣָͻؾˡŸ˹㲻Ҫ˷ʱ䡣
˵꣬ƹ˹ٶ·


 153 

ܶ춼ûٿ˹
, ˶ƭӡ
, ҲºУ, ȥϡ
˹Щ춼ûг, úȴҲеѹɵ˵, ûǺÿġ࿴Ҳá
ڹΪҲŸ˹ȥæµﱸһص, мﱸĳϼ˸˹
˹ͷһӶ, ɵЦɿ֣
˽壬䣬ܶ˶ϡ
ͷֱ˳
˹Դʶ, һֱ
ûߵ˹ǰҸʲô
˹ŹЦпôŪ˺öǸ, ֪ϲϲ
ʲô
ס
Ū˺öǣ
ΪǰɵѾȫʾãѾʱܻ롣Ÿ˹˼, Щ춼ĥô͸
Ϊʲô
˹, ЦøɵˡѴĶ˻һ, һܣ, ҴȥеԶ, ҪȥС
ȥ
Ī˹קߣקмϣקһƥ
ƥøƯë˳, ƤϷ͹⣬ڹԵüҫۡ˶ʶ˿ƥ̲ס࿴ۣҪѣǿǶҪ̡
һܸܵͶĽߡ
Ľ˹Ľһƥ
˹ǣ΢ͷתн˫ȣ΢ǰ㣬ϸĶһҪɡ
ϺΪʲôΪԱͻὫԼϵ˸˦
úһȣøӽһ㡣ͷŲԭģˣö䶼
˹ٶȺܿ죬ûΪǸŮӶʹ˷ŻٶȡϵĹ˺һ·ԶЩʧڲԭϡ
ǲݺɽżϼɢɢģҲ֪ˡ
һ˲仳ɸ˹ǰĳƫƧĵط뷨ֻ΢һ˲ʵûά̫á
Ϊ˹ǸɵӣͻȻɵЦˡ
Ц껹Ҫ͹һ£еˡ

ɵӡ
˹ŹߴߣһֱһСٽˣŽ˷¡ϵϣ͹˵ţһΡǧעŽ¡ǰͷʡǸ¡
˹ôеŹ֣ˡ
ǰͷ£аǷ¡Ӳ濴±ͬһöڵرᱻϷǹ˵ʹĵط
ʾ˼
˴಻ᵽ¶ͷ⣬һţˣп״̬ȽΣա
ǰһΣһˮ
ڰ״̬£ˮ⣬γȻ֡
ĵطʲôϵ
һֱǰߣ𽥼صɻ
ˮ𽥱죬ĽŲ𽥱仺СŲӣԼһͻᵼʱ¡ǰһΣһֱߵٽ±߲ͣ¡
ŵĸ˹û˵ԼɵЦˡ
̽Դ۾
·һ޴ˮءˮ֪ӺζҲ֪ȥδˮ峺ɾܿ·ж·жɢһһС
н飬飬۹⻬ʯͷн覵ʯ
ɹŲԭϵ˶ԣЩһò˵Ķ˿Щ˵Ķˮͷʯͷм䣬ʱбߵΣա
̫ÿһС˹⣬Ӹߴȷʵǳ󺣣ǧ˹ۣҲҡġ
Ȼûаĳʶǳ󺣡
һĻͻȻЦЦЦ£ЦŸ˹ǲв
˹ίûС
¹̫ҪͣҾЩģǲࡣģˮҲġ
ŽţеͲˡ
СѧĶûһ˵ǽαԼġЩ͹ֿ̫ܲҪΪƺǮ
Ҳһţ㶫ˡ˵Ǵ𣬱˸еöࡣΪٵŮһǸųġ
˹ڿ·ˮأеűԼ˶һررԺҪǻؾˣҿȥ㡣ңҶ˵ҲˣԲü̳в䡣
Ĳ䣬̳иɶ
֪˹ƫԶһԭͷСӺѡˣм䲻֪һ㣬ԶغһǲУǸӳٶȴֵߵˡ
ԭСӲ֪ԼԾеֵ⣬ΪŮĿӣʱҵţӴң
˶˵ģһ˭Ҫ㣿
˹ʧҲϲ 
˺ϲϲⳡʲôô
޷˹˼·ĹĬһ¡
ǳǧûһһֱϵ鰮Ҳˣÿһζ֣ܺģȴûһġ
ùҹͨͨȻһڲԭ
ϲġڴۣǲˡҪ⣬»ֱӺǵǡϲһ£һ¡
˹˹ؼĵط
ϲЩ
ûˣ·ıˮأӦһţƯ
Զһ޼ʵĲԭܼŵĶƿŲƤ貣ĿȻĶˮǻˮˮǿ
˹ЦɵǶܣҴȥǣǣ
΢һ£Ӧ˹Ҫȥ̱ءȻܣտʼǱ𽥼ӿԼĽŲӵĲ
˹Źɿ··ˮضȥ
ȵ·ͷ±ڣ乳Ƶİ𺳣Ҳˮı𺳡ΪáǡһЩȫõǴıʯȭͷС
ͻȻöԱ˹Լǳƶ
㾩ˣҲ˹
񣬶ȴѾˮһɵЦкѽ
ȫȻԼҹһĻЬ࣬ˮּһ󾧿飬ֵ֪٣̾ǰ
ɵͣԼˮĶһ͵ǰСʱںӱ߼񵽵ġǼ񵽵ģһ͸ҵĳ
ҴӮõġ
ϲ𣿡
ܿò£ӻ֪ͳһװɡ

˴죬ͻȻĪЦһ¡
Լǣαװɵǣͼǧǳ
ϲʲô
˹һ߼һ߻ػÿƢáǰûϲˣҲ֪˵һѺӾϲ

һʯͷҵ˹ĽűߣˮЩв
˹ãȻ
ôвˣ

 154 

ɹŴԭ
յԹš
Ա渵, ڸԼǰ޴ǽŹ𻨸ɻꡣ
𸮷˵һ׮ºùԶɹ, һֱͬĹúãͷѹһѹ, Թõ㡣
ɹ
Թĺ, ԶغѸܵ
˵ǰ˸ģ˵˹͸ĵԼ, ڱԺլһӣøͷǽ
ùǿջǽ
ÿŪһѵĹ𻨹, ½½Ūô, һֱûŪá˳˾ᣬڳƷδҲͲҺ͹
ȴ֪, ʵǳƷδ, ԼˣҲϻ
ǸŮӰһֱ˵ŮӲ, ôֻϡͷ, Ⱦ, ҲӦǵĻˡ
ĺͷ˵, ߸ֻ, һǹ𸮳£һս¡
ҪɣδҲ̫һ㡣
͢һģÿ˶ʹ˼Ѫһùõ˳, ǰͷӹϵУֺʮӡ𽥽Ȼȥڹ
ǰ껹һ²һ£һֱɡҪǴҶæһӿҲûȥǵ㳯ϵıı
ս£߽мλţߺҲھƶ𽥷չÿ궼ţ˭ȥƻЩôһĿ
ǶţҺ͸˹ദܸˡÿ춼ɵǼɵ֮ǻԺҲһЦͻãԼһɵӡ
Զ뾫Թٻ䣬ͷ飺ϻҲᵽӡ
ͷǰϻضüǰˡ
ЦЦ˵ʲôû˵
ҪԼϲˣһ¡
ּеš˵Ͳ֮ͻӰ쵽СΪ˰ȫ룬ʵرջõģҪǹ˻Уڵ˶ԣٿͺˡдкСУСгͻΪһЩԭʹ˹رգҲ
ĲЩȻ˹Ļû߼óģΪʲôҲ
룬ͷȥʷ衣
϶û⡣
Щ뾩ˡԭϸԴŶÿǵǧǧܽͬĻֻһǧˣӴͬģֻаˡ֪ܲһһ۸˹ɵ˼
Цϻػ˵ǲԭɣؾˡ
Ůӵһ춼ܱ仯ЩΡ⼸±䶯һεͷǿǷǳƱ͡
Ÿ˹֣ûʲôģҲûʲôɵӾǱ衣ݳްһڼǮ
Աˡ
ļӿϵĻҪҪԵӵ̣衣ϻҼ˺ܶǣ˵ϲ
һǣۣС㣬ӵҲ̫ˣֱǲҪǮƵġүҲ
ġһΪúѽ
˭̲ܲ裿ûˣ
һæµһ䣬齫ʰˣܿլӣصԼլ
պã뵽鷿ļϡ
Ĳ֪ǼĹš½½յ£û⡣żⶫ𻵣Ҳ׶Ҫæŵ˿ס
ŸȥãǸȥ԰ժ㶫ãͷ졣
鷿űƿ迪ڣʲô
ȶǰЩˬЩ
ȥ
껹е۵ѳ׳ԭľ𽥶˵ӲʵɻǾ֪ӡ
ڳֱͦü۴һˬʸСֳ켣ٳԲʣǷȤĬü죬ЦӯӯͶܴһѧζ˽ס࿴ۡ
Դӳɻ֮󣬸ĳһ䱸Щ·Ьӡǳ֪ļ÷죬յĵԼ·
ȻĻѡǰרŸ·ǶԸŮ÷졣
贩·ĸķרĴƵûȥ꣬΢СΪ˳úÿһ·ƽտžá
˵ʵԭڴŭ𣬼˹Цŵķ裬ǻû˴롣
ƾòܳԷˣھټŲŻԷԳȫ͢ŵģǾͷһ
ıüۺЦ̬ǵͷһ
ʵ̫ÿˡ
ºͻŻǵĥķϡ
߽鷿˳ֽ鷿Ÿϣá
ŸЦţ˵ŽյõϢϻ˵ˮƷ֣˵˳ѰµƷ֣Ѱֿ
ŷĻ۾һİҪҪƷ־ͺˡ
ҲҪ͸ˡ͢ԶܶʳվͿԲֻи˿ȥȥ飬һзչ졣
еĶʱҲҲãҲûиð취
ߵǰס˸ģһԴͷ˵һ䣺ö飬۰
ľôദɻǿסЩС
ϰأÿˣ÷ǰһӿһ㡣һ磬ͻ͵͵ŷһض
ÿѹʶ㶣ãø޲õһ·ԴȻع󣬾ͻẬЦҪһǣԴĻᡣ
΢̣رס裺϶ԵóԵġȥ̲òã
ЦӦá
ӦӦǲϷŵġ
ԭפƬ̣·Ҫȥ̲ˡ
Ӧǲˡ
ļ·衣
ЦһһӦţ
֪ڡšʲô΢΢Ǻ죬÷ǶӼˡҲ֪Ȥζ˳ɻʹġƺⲻš
У͹һϰ
з֣͸Ҫϰ
ֱгһ䣺๫
ʵϲ磬ʵǽвڡ๫Ǹƺиʵǡ̫߳ˡ
꣬ٶԼҪȥ飺ȥ̲衣
ŷſģţȥɡ
Լ·ӿŲֳö̵ҪͷﲻסЦԼҪٷŵǡ
衣
ߡ
ǰȥ̲裬ȥԼ鷿
ڸһһ鷿ûйͬһ䡣˵ͬһ䣬Ķе࣬տʼֻһ鷿תͷͲˣֻֿһ鷿ֿ
̲ãĶȥȣڷ鷿Ѱ˸£һ
̲裬һ䣬һȥԷ
ĺͷ˵˹¼Ĺţͷ˸˹
Ǳߵֶеú˼ÿ춼ڵģˣҲù˼񾩳ñȽϺõ˽и˹ǲǺ˼
֪ĺ͹żҲ˵ȴǵһ˵𡰸˹ˡ
˶٣һסںӱߣһֶӣ˹
Ĳ֪㣺û˵˵
賯Ц£š
ȻЩԶȷʵ˵˹ǵһϴֶӡλϲ⣬һֱ̬Ⱥơӣһֶӡս似ãӱȽϳ嶯Ψһֶеں񡣡
ľ÷ôʿί
ʱ˲ֹһɵ֡
Ŀɲ֪ڸ˹ӡûֹںϡ
˹ǲԭһεǹķ͹ȹ̵ĺƽó·
Ц£лǻġ


 155 

ڴŷ˵Ļ, ڶ߸ֳȥˡ
ؽӵĵӹͱͬĵӡ
ͱרŸĵطЩط۳ڶ, Ҫסڱǽͷµˣòס˿ڱ, ջ۸ɻ, ǻ塣
ר˲ϡȱǾ븵ѡЩֲ, һ˸ɻĵطܻһζһ㡣
⼸ڸĵԵ, Ҽһ˵㻨ݡеǲ, еԼֵġֲһ㣬ζºܶࡣ
ͱĶƣʵĻܾĥһ߰ʲô͡Ľ, ͨ齫ĸ˳
ĶûǷǳѧ, ͰԼķʽ
Ҫ˵۳أʵֲͦõ, ˵β, ˵ȵȡͱⳡڳ, ľ;, ڸԡ
ֹ, Ƥ
ɣùչ𣬶Ƥñʿƽˮ, תһƣ
Ҫ
ǱȽϲֲ꣬ͷҲΪϲ֪ͷΪ룬ר˷˹һŷ˶еúܡ
˲ˮǸְˡ
ȻǵҲзִģϾ˺ͷ˸һ£͢¶֪ǿɲԽͷ÷Żǡ
Ͼ˵֪У˺˵ĳλֱӱٴˡ
û뵽һȺô࣬ÿ׼ɻ׼뿪ЧʺܸߣھܽԼõ̻Ӱ쵽˸ɻ£ÿ춼ܸͱȥµľϲ
һæ꣬İȻؼҡ
ͷС
ڱЦ˵ţС㣬ʥڣвٵط˹Щ˺ܶࡣ
ͬطƵʲͬеĳ࣬һܺЩˡΪ֣ϵĳʵе˫˼һصĶһصĶټȥ˰֮ģ׸ͷ档
û壬ȫͷĻʵۡ
ʥھǻʵգвٵطӽǳ͵Ϊʵ
ʵʵÿ궼գ˲ӷӷţ󲿷ֳ˫þۺɢԻÿ꣬רŸӴЩ¡
֪ǲǳ⼸̫ãѧԽԽ࣬ǵٵĲҲԽԽࡣ
ӴͷʹΪ˶ͷۣǲˣ񲿾кüԵġоͰͬĿĺˣĺ̶
ĿҲԣϧ̫æˣԳֻðͷ˼˼кһ£ʵϲӴʹ
ǻʵ꣬ʵΪɿ΢һ¡һɿڣ곯˾Ͷΰһϸÿһξܿš
ӱλһæЦ˵˺¿
Ӧæġү͹үҲæ
λæˣǺæʱæһ¡
ЦСҲǺæ
ûʸ˵ˣЦһ
Լլſڣľͼſǰ֣С㣬˵سĶвӣҪҪȥһ
ô˵ɻһֱûô
ôˣ
ͣλ˵϶ˡµĶЩŪף˺Ҳ֪ûõġʶ㣬Ҫһá
ˡ
һѻÿпޣ߻ҲǶӣøȥܼܲ©
еֲƽ￴̫˵ҶݣڵϾͺӲƵģ˭뻹رʺϵϣľҶԵϡ
˵ʲôʱȥ
֣˵ǽȥãæʱǰ˶ڡ
ʱ̲סͬ񲿡ʱ춼ȫˣؼңæҲʵеѹֻʵ۲ϲˣʵʦڡ
Աƽͺæô£ֲ߻æ
ȥӹӼһȺԱΣŻ̫á
ķԸ򣺡תɡֶ˵һҪǷǵú˵һ
æӦ¡
ȥ
ǱݣרдһְĹԱԼ⳯ʹšͷó趼㽲ϲݻʲô⡣
ȦȻרŵĿⷿʱʹŵʣľҪȥط
򽫸͵ط
˳ֱطȥ̧۾ͼ˼񲿹ԱЦʺ򣺡λࡣ
񲿹ԱһĴŸ·ټŸƯױȴº͵ЦϾȷˡǷķˡ
Ա빰ֻ񣺡ӦõӦõģ˲ˡ
һ˿ڣӵİɣ¸·
ĳ˵ͷЦЦлλˡ
ܳæٶȻŴŸⷿߡ
ⷿﶫر࣬Ϊ˷ģر񲿻еĶֵǮڴЩʱǿɰ㲻ҳ©
ôֵǮҪŪŪˣ꣬ٵԼ;
λԱ쵽˵أϸĸĽ⣺ˣÿ٣ͷӳʱļģЩֱӴ˳һͷ
Ӧһ
񲿹Ա̾һǵشﲩֶĵضȥеֲһˣʵǺӦǵǱһ꣬˵·ϾͲˣֱӿ첻ˡŶء
˳ŹԱĻһ߿ȥ
һ賤úֲꡣ
·Ƿ·ʯһһһѹһγһԲϷֻɢ֦ƵҶӿȥ᧿Σʱȫ䡣
һ£⻹ţ
û뵽Լ֮껹ܼⶫɲǱĶԶһƬ·ϡƯܳ־ͺ˲ˣ˭뾹˾ǡ
ֲһ֣ͳⳤòͬȻԽˮø֦ܽˮϵġ
񲿹Աû뵽ʶæ˵ţʵǡе㿸סˡԭ˵ʯͷܷѿȽϺ˹ġ˭뵽ڱ
ǰ˿Ҷӣٿ˿øˣڳǵõļٿܾȾ;£ʵڲҲû취ˡ
ԱӦԾͺãܾá
ֲԴʵԡĲ²ʹҲ͸档ʯͷһѣȷʵ⡣
Ȼ˶֡
ȸԾ˼֣»ֲٽˮǧ١ҶӺʵģͬһֲ꣬һˡ
ԱӦ
Ľӹ˵ݹСӣһǰ֪Ȼ̰ܲ˻ؼҡߴ翴ȥǺÿ
æµ񲿵Ҳæµ
ͷڼͷһ˹
йԱ˵ţɹ˶˰˵ס£Ѱ˵طסǻרȥš
˵˺ü䡣ǶšҲ·ûһ˻
øǿɻʱ裬ȥ
ЩͻȺԱۣѯߵλԱɹʹˣ
ԱӦǵġ˿Ҫȥһۣ
뷴Ҳûˡٿӡ
ߣӣҷѽ

 156 

, ȴӡ
ɹʹһ, ˾·Լ̶, Լ̶Ǳ
ͬǵĻпʲôĸ˹
˹Ŵ, þǵĴͷ, ó뵽ȥľͷ档
ֻɹ񳣳Ҫᶯһ岢ʺ˯ִ
, ù;Ǹɵӡ
ɵʵܶ, ż˵ùľĻ
·ϣԹɹʵ̫࣬䶼Ҫ֣뾩Ǵ˺ܴš˹ȴ˵Ҫǲɢɺܶಿ, ǻһ, ǾǺǿ׿ս
ûʲô, ϵ˾ϲ
ΪǾó, ʵһֱûȨûлȨ˺, ϳԿ
⻰е, ˳⻰ʸ˹Ƕúһ, Ǹ÷ɢ
˹˧Цͷͦõġ

治֪Ǵ޻ٶۡ
˹ö˵ߺûʲôֻҪӶÿֿģǾ㹻ˡ
˴, ʼţǳȥ䣿ǲкܶóԵģϻظ˵
죺ʱˡ
˹þǵڵÿ硣
ԭڵúʱʱſʼ£ʱʱ컹Ҫٹһʱųװ¡缫
һûпȥĵطô
Ʋ죺УǽգǺôš˶ӣܹ黹Ҫ԰ȫΪ
˹֪Ϊʲôǵ˳ŻҪգڲÿ춼ǽգΪʲôҪڽųţ

Զԡ
˹ʵڶ棬ܲסֻôߡ
ĴĴ飬˲ô棬Ѱ˲һϵóʵҲ֪ԼΪʲô͵ܻȴڻ˵
ôˡ
˴ĪֺгĴУЯʹ˳š
˹ʲôȤƳĻȤ̯ϵ֬Ȥ·Ǻ«ȤľϿŵȤ
¸˹ܻͷǳ¶ˣʹڱܱ߻ơ
ܱкܶྩ̷Ⱥġкܶ˸ɴһС⣬ԼԴֹȥˡ
ȻǲǴְ̯ģһڰ̯
ŹţûסԼҲһ㶫˹һ׹ӡɫϼѣȷʵͨ͸ͺܷϸ˹֡
˹㾹Ȼֺ˴һ𡣡һŮӴŰܳ
ŮͿŲ󣬲ʮģƤǽɫ䣬ͷ΢ͷ϶鴮һ·ȥƯ
˵Ů°΢̧Źۣܿ㲻̶ӵˣΪʲôڱݸ·
ϵЬӼͷ΢̣ȹƴӲرÿҲرǾǵĹ̧ͷŮӺЦһҴʲôʲô¡ңһֹʲô飿Ƭ̡
Ů˵˹ˣôܺһ𣡡
˲ͷΪǮ
ŮӸˡ
Ÿ˹תߣ̲ס˵СҶˣƽ̧ͷͷôҪָġһ·ֻˣڻǰڡ
˹ղŮӽͼ䣬Լһ·Ϻ͹ˣȰԷǿ϶ͷǡСԣԺҪԿġ
˹Լ˵ʱãһ֣ߣ֡ʲôҸ򣡡
˹ԼװǮǮдǮ
Цҵĵ̡һǮô
˹ûʲôɣ־Լ˵ֻᱻ˵ɵӡԹԹӦС
ƽϵĿӣ˿ֵ̰úܣԹԸڹòС
ԶƼһĻŮҧŤͷԼ˾һߡ
һһ߶ţˣˡ
߾£·룬Щʱתĸײϡ
ʱͣȴҲ·ŮӸŵû°ɣ
ŮҲһ
ϰߺƥӵĲԭŮӵܴ󣬲ûбųôǾԼѻ𣬴Щ˼·ô
һ߼ͬӷ׷ǰһ
ĵ̽γ
εÿ΢̽Դǰ
ǰǸۿ΢СͻСǾǱˡʮ㣬Ȼȴһίӡ
СЦ£ǸתͻȻȷʵûע⵽ˡôƯСñ˺ŲУôܱҵˡ
˵ȽŮӻҪºֶ͡ǿ佱˼öŮӶʱ
ŮƲ죺ˣ˺󡣴С֡ôܻᱻ˵
ŮӼĳƯᣬԹͬǾˡô˵̬ô󣿡
΢㶡
ѵ˭λСС˻ΪƣʹнΪܳĳЩЭͬһĹ塣
Ĳ뾩ǳʲô鷳£Ц˽ͣͬһط˺ƢܴǷǳ顣һǶġʵҪ£ұݵĹԱ
Ǿ˿϶ﾩ˰Ůһϲһ˸ʲô
ģ
ţԭǸ⡣
ɱ˲֡Ϊǵˣ˭Ҳ֪˵ô£ôġҪ׾ҪѰʱ䣬׷Լڶ¡
һҲԲһˣ
Ůӹ쿴ġ
ĺЦ
Ů˼
ĻǱ΢Ц
Ůֹе
Ӧš
ŮÿλãȥˣҪ߸Ͻߡ·Ҳ̫Сˣ̫׶·ͷ˻߲ˡ
ŮӵĻ֪ǸӲĹʱʧЦ
Ů񣺡л¡
Ըǣȥ
ʻȥͷŮ׺˵һ䣺һҪҵȸ˹һ򱶵ˣ
Ŀڣͣһ¡
ͣ¡
ƿԱߵӣ̽ԴЦӯӯʻղ˵ĸ˹ɹˣ
ŮӾ迴ģţ
ļŮӵķӦ˾ģһ˵ľˣĪǹ
ŮȻô֪
ͻȻӴЦ⣺͸˹ˣ
Ů뵽ǸټҵŮʶǰŮӺ͹ʶģ㡪
ЦǸġǶȷʵкܶ಻ģҪǼδģۣܿҿ԰ǣߡ
Ըǰͷˣǰߡ·ûСټûеĻֱӻظȥѰ
Ĳ³û߼ˣָһģŪ˾֪
ǰͷӦ¡
ٶȶͽ±ĿɿڴŮӡ
ŮӼԶʱϵˣΪ˭
ǣأ
˹Ȼһ·ģ


 157 

ĵһܺá
ȥ·עܱ, ԼҲͷ, ܿǼ겻Ķ
ǵͷģǳԵģܻ, 㿴ͷ
̽Դۡ
һԴ·Ůվһ̯Ƕ, ³ͷͷϻġ
Ŷ, ֪֬
ǰüһʵþǷ˺óһʱ䣬Ҫɫ, ̻ơ, ƵԴ֮ɫĻ׺á
ӳԵ֡
ȻɵģȻὫ֬ԡ
ԱߵҾˣһʱʧ￴, Ҳû뵽ֱӽﳢ
ӻԼͣ˵, ϶ǿԳԵģȻˡ
ǲֱӳԵ˼
Ц, ƿ
ûܱߵ, ø˹һͷϵɫ
ķ˽Ų, һֱߵ, ¹ļ򣺡
Ȼɴ, Ѹתӡ
ŮɬòȫȻüͼͼһģһЦӯӯ̬ȥ˹ò˵У̲סͺۿ
û뵽ͻȻġ
ǰһ, Ÿľͺۣģ
ǰ֪൱ѣû뵽ɹŴ˼꣬ӱǰƽϰ˾ЩŵŮӣͻȻŹüΪġ
Ǻѣһ˽ȫȻͬ
Լ⼸Ϊǽȫֵõġ
ЦҲŹôһյϻؼĸҵš
⻰̲סˣǶʲôʱˣȻյ
Цÿ죺ǰ
ŮӱһϲЦտӣ˶̲סЦ˭ϲƯĹأƯһЦţ˿Ŷġ
Цÿ˹濴۸ģŮӵԸܴӡ
Ǹھ˺ɹмӣԺܶԼĽȴҲɡĿȴǴͳ˵ģؾأº
һţһ
Ȼͬ
ĺ͹꣬ѯλ˵ĸ˹ô
˹æ͸Ĵкһص񣺡Ǹ˹
ȻЦź͸˹񣺡ġĺѡû뵽ͻȻûкͼ͸¶
˹ܶˣºͺ˵ģסǶŲһ£еšܾøĵĻ˼
˶û߼ˣȻ졣
顣
קŸ˹һȥԣȰ֬ˡ˼ôǵġ
֬κ͸˵ţ㿴ˣǲ쿴ɵġ֬
ЦЦûۡ
ȻˣȥѰطһģԵ㶫ѯʸģϵĻĳô
ķӦеѡ
ȥҼԵȵ㣿ľǺɹŵ顣ǶЩûˡҪǲ⣬һס˹סͷ
ͷ
˹ˣȻҲͷ
ĴһŹľǵ£Ҳ˵ɹŵ¡
ܸ֪Է̫ˡô꣬㹻дһſ˵ġҪ͹˵³Ļݣ˵֣˵˵ڶ⡣
͸ĳ׵飬Ȼ֪ġ
Զɹ˵ü汾ÿһ汾ر̼
飬ٱ߰汾ÿЦ߸Щжס
ţҲ͸˵ɹж档ɽ̧ͷһ޼ʵǿգͷһ޼ʵĲԭҲ⡣
紵ʱоԼŷƮߣޱ߼ʵĵطһȻ⡣
öģҲ֪ԼûʲôᵽôԶĵطȥһֱǺЦͷģżĽ̾һ£á
Ҳá
ϲǣҲϲƬԭϲĵ·Ҳϲȫûй滮Ĳԭ·
һֱ˵լǶ˹һ仰û
ĴŹߣڼŸڵţ֪ǻˡЦź͹˵ţ˺ǰûϲЦЦ˵Ϸʵ٩ԼĻҲɴһֱɾŻƵġ
üŪۣҿԶꡣ
˹˵
ӿһЦҲŲ˵˵ҡ
һֱֵ֣
߳ʱͼȵھӺŵĹбȼɬһЩĸ˹һ׵Цݣк͸˹û뵽Ĵ˻óʳ
ѴȥԸ
˹˷裬Ӿ
Ƕɹſ൱㣬Ϊ˵绨ѩ£Ⱥں˶ˡ
ûж˵ķ緶ûϺӵĻ챻˵Ǹɵ
һֱ˵ҪȢȴǱ˵ùȢһȥϾ
һϾԭȼŵ˶ɣڼһ衣̧ͶǿǾѧӵ۷塣
˹۷壬еáǿ
Ÿ˹ԲЦӣòǲԭеƻʮеġ˵ͷһ˹ϲʲôûд⣬дܡƣǵľûôңҲЩ˼
˹ͷ
˼ҳⶼǳСģľˡ
˹ˡ
ȥ˾ϷĸƱŮӵľºһЩǹƣӵľ΢һЩơŮӵıСɵľյһӵı˵ˡ
˹һ룬ҲԼһ룬һԭ˶ƣڿɱ̫ˡȻɿס
˹Ӧһ
ڱϲ˹ͻȻ٣ɻ۸˹
иĺͷڣҲ˼˵˻ֻ֣Լģעŵ˹
ĺ͹ͷ˵°ԣǶ͸˹ĺĻ⡣
ǸӵˣΪѧԣ˽ܶطķϰߡ˵飬ȫȻҪ뻰⡣
ȤĬĹעó˻ϲ
ȻԽ˻ϲ˹Խǳء
ȲˣȫȲˡ
Ψһսʤĵطֻܾʣ±ܡ˼Ĺٱ䣬˵ȥǱԼ˶ܳЦ
º͹ţ˹¡
ǵ÷ϻظ˵Ͼܣһǿսһǹ𸮳¡㡣
ôͻȻͻˣĺһɹǶʲôô
ƱԼһںһɹȷʵең˹˵⣬Щǻġ
е죺Ѿҳˣ
ϸһ룬ʱϺǲ࣬ٹͻսˡ¾ǲò֣Ҳ岻ʲô֡
ӦһǰɡȻʹһ˺üء
ʶϱӦù𸮲ϣܹǣⱲ෴𸮻㰲ȣȻϣЩصǡ
ƳǱͷȾƵĸ˹ŵ˳͸˵һҵĻ¡
һ䣬ڳ˶
ִٸԼƣеţǶҸʲôҶʮˣˣ
˹죬˵ʲôû˵ѡһڸˡ
Ǽ־۽˸˹ϡ
˹һƣĨ죬ί㲻ϼ޸ô
ˣ
͸ͬʱʶûƭǡ˵˹еɵеɵղǻ˼Ҫ˳ɻ鰡
ͬ鿴۱ŭ˹ĹĬĬԼƱװ


 158 

һֻڿͷ̸ľۻ, ֫ڡ
֪ĸ˹׹˼, һʱϲ⣬һЦ, ɹһʱ䡣
˻ϲϲ, Ժ÷ϲϲߣ͸Լ»ؼʱص㡣
ߵʱ, 黹൱΢
ȻϲദǢ, Ǿһܺõ顣ڹ𸮻᲻ͬ׮, ǻǵÿǲʵһҳֿһĺ
ľùϲǣϲɹţҲϲ˹
ϲǲزסġ
ĺһ, ΢ɢʱ, ڶԷϲȫȻزסҪȥ衣ӿò, ·ʱȻ̧ۿ, ȻЦʱ
Ա, ʺϸɵʲô顣
轫Ĵᱧ, һ䣺һϴ裿µζǺܺš
ϴ˶ͬĻζ, Զ·ִŲҩ޹ζŵöࡣԡڴ˯һʱ̶ǹζ
㵫ǡ
˫ֹڷ貱ϣԼͷ, ӿȹеͼ졣ҧһڷĶ䣬˵һð
ܵ΢ս֣һС⡣
һðԡܾ裬ص̱ǶЩ˻ϷŹ
ڶʱĲʹַѳæȥˣƵֻܱڴϺȷѩ
˲Ҫսˡ
ɶ

ʥںܿ쵽
ʵգͬ졣
⼸ҵǳã·طԱ񵽾ǣרŵĲŸӹܡ͢¹ԱҲչͨھһֵֹĶ
Щ˱Ƚƶڿ˼дֻ͸ʵۡʵϲֻ£Ͼ˶ʷڴҶ֪顣
Щ˱ȽϸԣǾͽʾ֭͵⡣ͽϺĴ壬Ǹͱޡټϸһʱ˸ĵ۽硣
ûʸÿһ͵ģǲμϯʱ;Щ˲á
ʵգһϯ
ƷϹԱͼŮ춼Բ룬ŹԱƷʹлӺ͹ȫϯʹǲÿμϯ
ڶܹ࣬Ҫл
ԱεĻǹٷĿʹ׼һĿȻʹҲԲ׼Ŀֱӵˢ
ϯʱʼ½½һֱٰ쵽ҹٳʱ
ıʹôμϯǰһϾ˵һ˹ؾѾ˽ץȥˡ˹ȥѰˣûܽ𸮣ȥϯϿ
գգۣϯǴ̼ˡ
ȷʵ縵ϣصϯ൱̼
ĴԼʩʩȻŷͼ˲ԶؾǹŮΣޱĹ
˸ģ˵λãɿ˸ߣǳأұҸ緢ˣǲǷͶĵף
Ŀ衣
ʧЦ⼸ȽϷæûôС˵ϻ˵ĵϣҲ˹С㡣
ͷۣҲ֪Ҹô֪һؾġҼſֱȫС˹ˡ
ĳ˿ϱŵĹϣǾ棺Ȼأ
ܾȻҸһʸ˹μӲμӽʥϯμӵĻмб价ڣܶʤ׼Ǽ档
˵ˣ涼ѡ
ľе˼ۣҪ䰡
轫ϵĹϹǶƣ˹ھǲûκεСҪɻ飬ܹҪһõóֵˣһͨˡ
ŹЦЦСС롣
ɣģ
Ӧǵġ
Ѳ˵ƭˡȷʵκ¶ƭŹգգۣѵҪʶһ¸˹սʤһȺǿУȢؼô
̾ʶʶӮ˲Ǵµôڳ͢õһģ͢ѵԸɷô
˵ɣѡʱҪһúÿȨְ𽥸ı䣬ͱ˴ҲҪóʱΪѹˣָ˭
ʾ˵ĪɽɣҪϳˣ˵͸˹˭Ӯ
Ŀ裬̣˵˵˭Ӯ
룺Īɽ
ȷʵ˵ⳡֻǳ͢ٻʤеڶֿܡ
˹Ӯˣǳ͢ͻ˹˳ۣʹǼˣҵҸҲϲ˹˹ӮǸû档
£ͬ鿴Ҫǲ͵ܻģ˵ûôˡ
ܣԼǷˮ͵ֱߣװͰ˵ţˮ
Ц˳ֳ˹͹Ĺӡ
ۼ⣬һע⵽˹볡æߵĹ㿴˹ˡ߻иСǼǹ֪һ˾ǡ
˵ķȥ
˹һһſʵд˽˹ϹߣɵЦ
ߵСҧһŸ˹
ûסЦɵӡ
ЦһԿ̫˼
ϯܿٽ
ͷض࣬ϯרŵĹԱḺǰͷฺ̫𴫻
ʵۺͻʺȫ廹Ҫһ
ڳйԱܳԵĲƷͬƷԽ߳ԵԽáҪΪĸȼÿȼӲƷƷҲ
ĲԼԵʲôֻǶԽĿڴ
ǹټרŵĽ̷˾ר赸ϷҪΧףʵһϡϲΪһ»ʵ⼸Ϊ°ı鶼ö൱á
ͷĶ䶷
ĶĻǺԺԱһʣ˵һεĿƾٿˣеĶЩſȻûôᣬЩʮġ
նȤϷĳƺƺЩԱλˡС㡱⼸ֱˡﶬĸѾͷĻЩ˶Ӧ
תʱͦпȫ͢죬ϷʣڿҶȤ͢أȱЩˡ
ֲ֧
ĶûֵҪʹԱǸ谭ϸĻʵΪˡ䶷Ͳһˣ䶷⡣
ֵܿ˸ĺ͹ڴŵ䶷
ͷֵĹԱЦ˵ų滰˵űʮָлλμεʥᣬĶûˣ˵ĻͬĿھ䶷Ҫ󲻸ߣ㵽ֹһ˽ǡ
Ҫǣʤͻˡ
ʤԶһЩҲ˹ĵ֡ˡ
ĺܿ췢֣ڴ䶷Ĳֹ
ʹüӭԼչֹʵʱ򣬷׷Լϳ֡
̨վһ佫˹֣¹ٲѧǳһء
˹վֱ̨ǰȥ

̨̫Զߵ̨ʱǰˡ
˹ίԶĹ
ѡ


 159 

ļֱҪ͸˹һЦ
ҰЩ, ܹǸ, ˭һδζ˹ĳٶۺɵ˹úһˣ, ѧܸ, ճǸ
趼̿һԵճϲ, ʵǺЦ
̨ϣ̨˴Ӯ, ڵ, Էʤ
ʤҲߡ
ֱ²
һ򣬺ֵܿ˸˹
˹֪֪֮ԼһЦеɵ, ԰, һԾϣվ̨м䡣
ѧ߶೤ôֿһЩ, һ, ൱ʵ˹ûгô, ֻԵӽ׳, ʮ㡣
ò, 䣬ǰԼżΪˡ˶Ͷȥ۹⣬мŮ, ׷׽Ц
ŲϳзӣƲ죺Цš
ץŷ֣Ա߱Ц
˹СڲԭϴԺս涼мߵ츳Ȼóսͽִ򶷺һó
˭ûأսǸ㲡Ҫĵط
ʵ۲ڳ߶ͽϳ
˹΢趢סԼǰĵˡ
ԭϺҰ޶˶ҲҪעⱣԼİȫԭҩ٣Ҳ١ҪȷԼİȫſԻøá
Էһ˹֪˹ǻӣ̬൱棬ʽá
˫һ
ȭȭ⣬졣
˶ܿȭͷȥӰ²
˹ĵǸվһսĵ˿̱൱׺ݣѪ˺ۡ˹֪ʤҪôʵҪرǿҪôҪر
սپ
ٳǰΪǸçײûȻӣһͽ·ק𣬴ԼԴ˦ȥһˤ
ƹһ죬˾ͻƽˡ
˹һʤ
һʤúܿ죬ΪƣҲû̫ܡϾΪֹûһʤһʤôҾУߡ
ͬɸˡǲֵܱ̫ԣЦһ
ע⵽㣬ֿʼЦ
豻ץָ֣ڸﹴ˹
ע⵽Сع˹ģȻ󱻷һץָס֮ͥ£˽»СϷģܹҲûˡ
ע⵽û˸˵ûע⵽ȫȻڱϡ
Դ󲿷Ӷԣ迴пܴ
䳡һˣӾŰȥʮֵ꣬׳ꡣкܶϼ룬Ǹˡ
ڱ䲻Ǵеѡ
˹ûзˮһֱͳ˳أˤȥġ
ܴ󰡡
֪ܾٽĶ˵дʿܿ˻ľʯ
ۣļҵģ
˵˵
ãҲ֪˭黹Ǹ˵˵ĳ֣ǰͷҲûˡ
䶷˳֣ͷ絾ݣԵҪΪݾͿҪԴ
űǰ˶Ҫ׳˶վڸ˹ǰһȦҪǻĹǰͷĹ١СˡļӸС
Ķѽ
ƺͷġطҲ̫ˣֲ̫塣
˵Ҳǡ
˶λȤȤ󡣾ϲҲϲ䣬ж䶥ʿһĸҪз˵ķɣҪƽơ
ݵģС
˹еƽڣߵľֶԾ˻ӭˡһ룬ҪӮˣʤΪһʤߣǾ͸ڴ
ֹ򲻹ӻɹȥ
Цˡ
˹֪ôڴ
עǰˣһ¡
Էú˼ͼ˹䶷ܹô룬ʼʱ˾ֶԶתͷ͵˸˹ûü̬ͱ̧ȹǰ
Χߵһ
˰
һ˹æصǱ޴ĳߵ䶷ء
һĻһأ
𸮹͹
ͷϷĻʵ۶Ц£Ա߻ʺ˵һ䣺Ƕߵļҹ
ʺûˣ΢һ£Ա߸ڱЦʶ˭˻ʵ۵ĻǹС㡣
ʵ˼Ŷ̨λɹʹͷʶġ
⻰൱Ѱ˰Եζ
ʺЦһûж˵ʲô
˹һͷҲߣ׷װŹһ尡
˹ȫûͷĽкעȫǰˡ
˿ݣֽſɲ򵥡һȹȣߡ˹³ǿס˲ٺˡ
ǲġ
˹ڶԷһͣϢĹ£ɿŤתӣһקסԷ߹Ľţ˸˫λãɶԷΣգ˹ڲࡣ
һ̨ˢˢá
˹ɫأûԼĶ̴ȥͶԷƴȭͷһȦڶԷؿڵȴ
һȭȥԷˣûжһ϶¿Ÿ˹
ȷˣȭҲ̫С
в˼״̾²õ²žʤ
˹ûȭжԼĹơ
䶷ϲս䡣˹ٶȳǰ˴öԷȭһʱʩչ
ˤӾЩڲŪԷʤ
˿˹һ֣˲ãȤ̽ͷ̽ͷ˽
˵ˣĶеţһϷķ裺˵ܲӮ
迴׼㣬˳Ÿĵͷܵġ䡣
ȭۣ˹˲϶˺ۡԴϸǱǹŹĶͽݺײѪӡѪ˳Ŷͷ£ֱ˳Ƕ·С
˹һֱ۾ײѪף۾ֻһ
Ҳûö٣ѪһƬֿݷ϶ﶼѪ
زԱù˶ȣǰʾͣ
ܵôܻ˳ŹԱĻͣ£
˹ִᷳ򶷷ʽһݣϬͬһ㣬ʹȫͷѹڵءֻءһ죬˹ס˶ԷֽţһŲڶԷͷķʽ˶á
˾ʹ˿ס
Էȴ˹ȷʵռϷ硣
Աɹţ˹ʤ
ȫ
˹ͷһɣɵЦ
û뵽ԷһɿȴǸ䲻߳ŭתץŸ˹Դʹҡ
˹⧲ץסԴۼͷҪҵأһŤתԴ־׺ҧȥʮָģԷһɡ˹ɿ˳롣
¾
˫Ǹٶ׺ݣٴһ֡һѵ˵зԴϡ
Īɽ䵭ڣ֮ϣ񡣡
ɿܵ䶷ȥˣ˹˹
˹عæѰȥųɵЦӮ
ȫԵʱḻ
͹
ߣģ𸮵Ĺóԡ

 160 

ͷٱʲô, û˼ˡ
Ÿ˹ȥ̫ҽǶˡ
ʵճСû, Ͳˡ̫ҽʹƷ, ֳ䱸˵ġͿҩͿҩ, ףüͷͷ
һо, ˡ
ļλ鶼̫õӣЦһ, ڷǶ䣺㿴ܲʤָͷͺ, õó֡
˸ĵҪ΢ۣҪǳˣʲô
е˾һ, ܻᷢһЩԹ
һ·衣
˼, Щ̫˶ʱ˵ʺϻؼ֣ӦһҪ󣿾Ϊѡ
ɿ衣
贽, һòȻģ
ľáԼΪѡкֿܶ, ȨϻԼǱȲ, ҲȷʵԼΪѡ
еʱ, ֶ̱߽, ǱʱһδȻĥġ
Ӧ
׼ĵ֣Ȼű䳡
ӭһһεĸح
˿øˣƵ, ;ǳͨ׵ýζʵգһȺ˱Ȼʵۻġ
ʱܹҪޣҪϢ
䶷Ϣϣվǰͷ֣£һ뷨
ʵ۱Ϊվôһ¾ȥˣû뵽軹ܸ뷨ŷͷʾ⣺˵˵ʲô뷨
üۺЦʥڣ°ٹٶͬ֡
ʵƨýеˣ˵ģ˵ʵġ
ЦǰЩ˵Ժļλ˶˻״ԪɱƺΪС㡯¼޸Ǵﶬȫ궼ûƺš
ʵۿЦãҪƺţڳ˭ܸһܸҪٶһһá
ٶƺã¶һˡ
ٻӶ裬ڴŸָ
ʮ⻰ЦһȴǸʮݹȥһݳʳ̧ͷ˵
֮ٶȹ֣ʾٶš
Ա˳ŸԼ鷳ʲôأ
Ȼ뻻ղĶ䶷ʤҪƺšǰĶʤλˣͽиžʿͷλƤһЩģͽжսʥͷ˵ٻ񣬽Ϊºϲ
˷ӦȻЦ
Ļղŵָͷ˭뻹ܼӸʵ˸ڲɡ
ǵ״Ԫɡ
ʵݸָ˵裺ǿ⡣
Цӯӯ֣ޣΪּа޻ģš
ͻȻ̧ͷվŵķ裬죬񣺡ͻȻڲԣñ¼Ц
滹͵͵˷һš
˺ƴЦ
ǰͷˣ̲סҡͷСӣʲô˵
ʵ۵ͷˣλƺţٸλ׳ʿϵνͷֲȤ
̫͹ԱӦ¡
˼˼棬ղűͳ˷ͷļһѷͷֱмλ˺ôĹԱ񶼳⡣
͹õ㣬ټʸ˹״
ûһ£䲻ۡ
ûвμĶҲûȥȡﻰŵԻʵ۵ֺãȴɵ˳͢µϲڻʵǰˢ˴ڡ
˵ĻҪСѧϰġ
еѧ
һ־ģһ־Ȥѡ
Ϣ׶Σ˳ɹȡʵ۳ɹʹ͡
ʱ̫ʵۺͻʺҲסôãѰˣԼֺǡ
ʼĵأı⳯
ֱĵл̫ǱʾϯҿԸظҡ
ŴŸ˳Űٹ˳뿪
صԼլӣٴУ׼ӭӷҪ
ϾƹӦޣ˶൱ѣδȶࡣ
˶ţһ㲨ζ
轫Ĵط䣬渵ȡͷϵĸƷصƷݵÿسϯҪ϶ҪõĵıԹ
̺õͷ£ָĲӣѹ˿⻬ͭŮӡ

˫
˵⼸ӵõǿҪӡʵ˲ԼûãǲЩյš
Ҳ֪費Ҳ֪Լ
ˣ
ĸţ
ңȻްǲаͲ̫ˡ
Ц
˸ںڵͷѣʱɷһ£
Ҫô
ľԼͲ࣬ҲãȷʵӦ¡
áĺЦӦˡ
Цűʾǽһͬԡô
ģ
Ӧˡ
ˣҪҸɶ˯
˵ǲܷһ㾯裡

һγʱϴŵû¶ȵ΢Ц
˽¿˷Сٰʮ룬˿˼ɶɻ棬޲ý˸ϳšƫе˵˱˲ԣúˣ൱¸ĵ壬Թﶼ˺ܶ࣬ȫҲ
ԼСֺ͹үֱŤˣ͵͵Цһ£ںͷŽг̣С㣬컹ȥլӴװǽʲôʱ͹С˵ѽ
ϣһԼֵװ˽顣
̾һʲôʱ򶼺ãǰǹڲѹСѺš
Сڹ𸮵λ͡һԹСѵ͵ˣǰ뻹ܼġ
¬ھֵúܴС͸˹飬Ȼ˶µİģתͷֿʼڲ෹̸
ӦԼСĻٶ˵¡
һ·ͻȻͣ˽Ų
𣺡ˣܴȥСôˣ
˹ԶԼˡ
ʧЦһȥլӡ֪ͨһ¹𸮣˵Сɡ
ͷӦ
˹ϻŲ˿ںûˣ۾Ƕһ飬˵ĻûԼ˿ڣȫǹڹġ
ˣѾ˴ߺüˡ˹Ϊԭϵʿھǰ취ҲûƣȥѰ·ǽ˲ˡ
˹Ƕִġ
ھǲ֣ͷ˫档
ھǣһ涼ɡʵʿʵʹһѶǵһλ䶷ʿȻھò˶֡
һλʿֻڳԼˣ˲ϲҡ
ĳŸ˹ЦЦ𸮲Ǿִ٣˶ţ졣δǲϲ㣬ֻǾý㣬ǲġһǷģǲֻһɣ
˹öĵĻϿҵͷȢ
ڱţ̲ס廰ȢҪýѽɹȢѵý˵ô˵𸮵ôȥ
˹۾һֱýô
Ķ˶٣ԡǵö࿼¾ǵķףҲԿɹŵķס
ͻȻ˵鷳е顣
ϸ룺Ӧòʲôɣ
ɹųɻû˵ǲǳʲô¡


 161 

ɹǰһײϰס
ԵȫȻ˵˿, ֻŮӵԼսƷ
ϰ, 类ơɹȶ˺ܳһʱ䣬˺һϵ顣ʱ, ɹϰȫȻͬ
ο, ټϵصһЩϰߣý˴ǡ衢Ʒ, Ҫϲ˫ͬⳡ¡
йһ飬ø˹ɵɵ˵, ֻҪҺý, ûġ
˫˼һ·˹լС
լſŵ֪ļҵլͣŴ
ĺŽһ¸˹˵ǹСɹһ, ȷ˸˹¡һŽȥ, ǰǿǽ
˹Щʱաʹ˴ɫ, ֵլ, ʶһѹټҴ˼ҵɫ
ͥԺĻר˴, ŷˮ԰, ߵش, һаƮľȷǰתǧأ˿ͷ
ػû˾ס, տյ壬ҲûڷʲôɽСûŽ𡣵϶ԣһж˲˼ʺͷýǮġ
ߵǽ˹Ƕ΢΢ɴۡ
ǵ·Ͽ顣ϲ£Ѱ鼮ͬͼܿöġ
ǿǿյĹɣӵĶȫȻһ
ļɨһۣܿͽϻصĻȥԼĹȡƱõĹ𻨵׺ǽ֮ϡ
ڶܶص֪ʶǿǸһ֪ˮ׼ûȸ˹϶١ܲͼͺá
ǽҶǰӦġһֱԭԤƵĻǲãÿ궼ɼһЩÿ͸һЩ
˹һĲǽȻԼúܲ
ŮӶŮӵɹźӵֵһ󡣶Ҫһôܱıȥ
ûǽ档
֪˶ãܿ˹ͨСѵſڡ
⻰ʰһ£Լж£ŵϡŸ˹ЦЦȽһ¾͸㡣
˹ҡͷý裬Լڣȼġ
ŸĵĻŵԼ¿ûʲôʱ
Ķһ£Ÿ˹Цͷš

Ĵҹȹɢ߽ʮլӡ
լôݻҲ壬ûСǾµֻ˵׺ǵϡլӱ𸮣ȼһЩ
ûŸİ
˵ΪʲôҪԼ
ͷٶѯһ·ˣȷ
ǰͷ˹ػǣС㡣ˣ߻һˡ˵ǺһɹŶġ
˸ĵ˼̴֪ȷʵˡ
˽ᣬ̼
ǰšŽŲ𽥿ĿĵأŵŨĹζֹζɹźټ
͸˵ϲ𻨣ΪհˡҲ֪֪ôģ֮Լˡ
Լһǿջǽ
߽ţ״Ƕ
ǰǵǿͷ˵Ļǽ
𻨻Сɣܵˡ˼ڣ΢һҡ֦Ļͻˢˢ䣬Զŵζ
ǿʲôأ
죬׺ǡ
ǰǽɫһĹ𻨲ּڣǵĻɫͺһ׺ڱǽϣ˴󲿷˵ǵǡ
ŨĻ˽һЩƵġ
뿪ǵĸܺ͵ϲɹɹǲͬġ
ܹίܡ
뵽ǻ˹ԼŵĳŵֶԱվǶЦŵĸģһ統ڸǰСȻ¡
ĬĬ޵ޡ
ŮϵױݸסĿƣһȫȻٹ⡣
ԼεºܣҾ˸أ
⡭ءˡء
޵˵޵Լ֪Լˡ
ļԼݹȥˣһ
޹ޣǿѹԼĿǻҪǿһ䣺ֹһ
˵ᣬޡ
ıۿʪ˵ģȻ޺ȻޣһЦôôЦ
޵һһ飬ԼЦͺЦɡ
ΪǽһЦôˣ
޵ģȴûڿŶκ˵ֵ֡뿪ļˣҲֵ˵ľˣԵĸס
ǹ𸮵լӣǹ𸮺͸һ
ǵھûбܶ١
ڴЩܵ˵ΣܵǵС
޵ˣֱߺȻһ衣
ӹ豭ѹһ˺꣬Ѳ豭ȥޡػ˿гϢһʱ䣬˵㻰ˡ
˵ţҺҡ磬뾩ööණ
Ҳ˵ţҲϲɹţϲǶ̣ϲǶ⣬ϲǶˡ
ŹĻĸܡ
ʪ͸ͳԼ᣺ô찡ģô찡
˹Ļȴ֪ô˵ûа취ȥѡ
Ҫϲǣҿھǡ˹ڱǿڡ
޴Ź֪Ůôôˮ
˹ŵˣˣͨ˫ۺͱͷһáſǻڣʲôʱֵģ
˹ģȴĳЦЦˣ˽飺飬ȥԺɵ㻨ȱŻꡣ
ʵĻûõģȴĽ뿪淿˹š
˹û˿ʵ̹ףղŶڽ޵㵹衣
ӣŻղŵĻ⣺ھǸʲôھʲôҲǰ
˹ûЦϿҵͷǣھʲôǡǴ޵еģһ򶷣ҲھǴ޵С
򴽣֪Ը˹ƽ
ڲԭˣó۳ɵؼ䣬ϵӥȡϵޡһھô켣ܴ޵Уֻᱻ޸ѡ
ʱĹ𸮺ǣڴ²޸·ߡ
ҡͷҺɹš
Ÿ˹ٶӣʵ⼸˺ܶ顣²óʮӽ룬ʵڱ̬߽
õķһ̣ͨһŸ˹°ӣ˵ֻͨùޡҲͬ
˹ƺˣƺûס
˵ţǳس֮ŮĸԸɻ顣ȻĸԸȢңԸͬܶ顣ǻظһĴڡ
𸮿һϣȫȻ
˹룬̽һ䣺ԣҽýô

ȵȣǲִ̫˵㣿
˹ЦǲЩҪǶĻ̽ҡʵĲ࣬ҪҲҪԼ˶һа
Ÿ˹һӦ𣺡š
ߣȽæ_(:١)_˭ԸϣųҾͱˡǣദѣ¶ǼǰԱĹĶˣǰΨֻе¶ȡϣҶúӣһ

 162 

Ժ, Źȥ顣
꾩ͷֱաԼϸһ, Щÿһ죬šһ, ǵԼ״Ԫν, ǵóա
ǵԼһǵԼһֲǽ
ǵտ, ǵ
ǵ֡ʩʡ桢ժǵ÷ȥˮ
, Ƴ͸˹ڵ, ˷衣ǰŲԹˣɸ뿪ң̲סеˡ
һºٻὫЩ鰮, 򱻶ɷʲô͸, ֮һУδŹһ˿á
ʱûĨȥ֮, ͬСŵ, 湾෭, ʱŵζ, ܵůǡֵ
ĸѯʣС, տҪȥù𸮵˶࿴Щͳɡ
ҡҡͷٵȵȰɡ
Ӧ
һȾСʱ
ƿѻָԭ˷ߴգģġҪʲô㡣
׺˦ĺ˹, һʲôʲôģ
ЦǾͰøӰɡҾˣæ̫á
˼˼һЩȹϴ»ָ˹С̬˵ȥ
˼Ů£ǲùκϵġ
ȥ·ϱȻᾭ̡ܶ
ϣ֪ǲǶһ㣬ôģŵһӵʳζ
΢΢ͷҪȥԣŵһɿѼζ
ľѬѼ֬ľζŨƤۣƤ֭һҧȥǼΪóԵġ
ɫ䣬סԼ졣
һӶĸдӸŴת۵ɤۣ·һ̾³ƽζĪų
ڶ棬˲Сôˣ
Ļ˻ɫ̫ãǿЦ£û£˳

Ļ˵꣬;øղǹɿѼζŨûסֱӵŻûԶٶ²ɤܣ˶ò̫á
æתͷȥǶСӲ
꣬æһ¿ǵСľͷڸǰԼСıС㣬Ķ
ɱжˣ
ŵúܡ
ղһֱûʲô鰡
жȻ뵽һ⣺ȵȣĪǻˣ
ôһ룬Ļžͱһ̶ϵĻšô죿ҪУ컹˰죬ɲɣ
ܣ΢üͷӸ͸͸磬ͷŨʳ
Ի˻Ҫ˵ԼһЩˣ˭Ϸڸִ
ٶȸŻ
ٶȻҰģС㣬
ĺò׵ڵĵأ˶ήˡ
ųҴӣԼӱϻζ
֪һҩ򣬻϶һЩλϵõ˶ࡣһ˵Ƿ˵ӣæİ
ְ
ְ
ٴλȷһ¡
չЦˣϲˡϲ伸̥ҩǧųԡЩӽ£ʳܣ򲻿ڡ
ȡīʼдӣ븵ļ˵ţɻǺܶģҪǷ㣬רչ㡣Ҫǲ㣬ͽܸרдӡ
Ƕ
ӣ
ղµòѹȫȻû뵽ӵ顣ϳӣ£˵ٻһʱ䡣
ǰ軹ں˵ϷʵĻ˵ǿԿǺˡ
תͷ˺ӣ
ǻôģ
ͻȻЦе㲻֪ͷôͷ˵ӵ飺ҵʱ˰ɡͷ飬ԸҲŶѧѧ
˼̫鷳дɻ䵥ӡдиֹ
Ĵҩٶϡ
Сٶȣʻͱ߿ôһ㣬㲻ҵڵĸġǻϲǻź͸ĵ˵ŹϲĻ
صլǶȥϲб⸸ûȥ˵
ڷ裬ҪԸ
Ӹʲôأ
ָϸǴº͵ЦﶼûҲ԰ɡֵӰ֣ƺûͬһҪֵĹء
ڱӦţǡСȹүһС֡
̲סЦûһɫֱˣתͷٴŻ
æ˲ˮϽù

顣
󲿷ָĻңڲϰߡϰԺ𽥾ͻֺᷢܶ²Ҫ̫ĴֻҪÿ˶΢ϵģܰպ塣
һ£ܹ黹Ҫһ¡ԣڿڶ࣬Ըطϰƶ˽⣬⹵ͨʱѸء
ټһЩΪìܡ
棬㲻Ϊ춯񣬳ŻΪѷͷ£̧ͷЦʶԷʲô顣
ЦݿвϣԷܸе顣
رķˣΪֹҲûʲô˸ҵ˽ֹĴţ˵ͷз˵ֱʣǸз˵ֱʡ
ĹԱãôʲô鶼ܸ˼ҷͷϣλ޴ǡ
ĹԱָۣᷭºͷз˵ֱʣȫȻ֪
ٳ˾࣬١˽Ҳ²Ķ࣬ܰڵ̨˵١
ôഫţڷĶԸСܺͷˡ
һüΪصļͥУһƵĹԱûõ£ԼİǼֱǿԱóĴˡ
ˡҲԼ£ͬŽһ·ȻѰؼҡ
ﲢÿһλٴ˼ﶼǮԴӷ赱ϹٺùԴǣԽԽѧϰѡ棬ר
ѵǴôǡ
Ǯˣɻ˵٩ǳĸˣ˭ʡ԰ոкô
Աǣ
Ȼ⼸긵ĻǸ谲Щʱϣܹ˵һЩص£ܲתͷʹȥ÷з
ͽԼ˷ָ˷һ
ԴԺ󣬷ͱɳԵ̹̹˵ڱտھǣ޲ᣬʵ⳵ͦõġ
Աǣ
Լȥķ裬ţʲôڰԼС˳Сһԡݸůأ
Ļص˼źȻϵլӣͷһ⡣
ȷŵҩζټŸĻһ׿·ڴϷʱͷٴһ⡣
Լ̫ˡ⼸˳˳ˮˣԼ͸ĶǶิӵݺ
ô£΢أһźŵ飬ڳʲôҩŲȥ𸮵ĵӣ
ѵǱ߹˭ǲ˳ۣ
˵Ӷǣ˹
̧ۣŵһԣŷЦ£飬ȥɡ
ӦţǽŸغˡ
º˵ţûʲô£ϲˡ
ס


 163 

ϱӺ͸йӡ
Ժ, ȴڷֺƽƽûôڴˡźͨһԽĺ蹵, 蹵һٱŬ޷ȥġΪδΪԼ츳
ŵŬʮͨ˵Ŭһ
һŬ, ͵ֻǸĺ蹵ѡ
ٺԺҲûʲôҪ, ;úӽڹٳһϯ֮, 㹻ˡ
Ⱳӣ֪ĺҲûʲô̫ڴ, һֱ˳Ȼ˾ˡҪû, Ҳûаɡ
ôȨ죬ûԼĺӴ
һΣо̫һ
ϱҲǺ͸һⱲҲǺ͸һ, ȴȻͬ±, Ҳˡ
Ȩɿɼһжһˡ
, ֪, , ſܱЩʫ鱳Ч, ͷȻˮ׼, ȴɶһ˿ڴ
ڴ͸ĵĺӡ
ȻҲ
һ֮֮ϣǱһôӣҪԼ£ӻƽȹһ
ôʱôࡣ
ͷǵССĻϲ, ͬݵСѿǶԼҶϵĳƳͷк
Ӱ΢»ڸĸüۣҪˡ
ˣҲ֪ŮͽŮǺܲ׵һ¡
ӰǸСħ֪ڵƤϿֳŵ顣˵λСϷߣûע⣬Ľ߸ϡ
ͷߡͺͰβˣ˭뻹ܱôһء
תͷһϵץˣһȺСӳͷ޵״ʺǶ飬ø鶼޲ó鸵Ӱһ١
ڽģ
ľĵƣר̶õġ
ưǶ鶼ָƵĽ
ֻ֪˵ж󵨣
Ĳ֪ԺӵĽ뵽˴ѧΪһ飬лࡣǵһػӣԺܶһ֪⣬ɶڴѾѧϰ˼˴죺û£ҿԡ
ߵߣ˴ϣĵͷ
ĸĺϱӵԼһԺӱ̫ڴϾһǾĹ֮ة裬һǾ֪һƷ˻︵ġ
ĵͷżľҶϴһ飬ϴں˳ôȥ㶼ûҵ
еָ̰УûŲ֣ϣǵĺͨͨȴܿͨ͸ƽϲֹһ
ԺûôԷôߵڴҲû뵽ԺӸûгɲŵڴ΢ͷŷ裺㲻ϣٳ
Цһ£ٳ۰һһǽɾ͵˵ϣ˳Ц
˭һӵʤߣ
Լ
գһ۾˵Լеô
赹Ҳ˼Ϊܹߣȷʵ˺ܶණû֣ͯûͯãϾΪΪ˹Ͷ
Ҳôۡϸһ£ʱһʱһ㣬»Ҳû⼸굱æϾʱֻҪųԷͿд֡
ڻҪϵҪǻʵۡ
ɷˡ
΢ͷ⼸۵ĻڼҾͺúϢһ¡˵ЩʱҪ¡
裺
΢ЦﴲҲԸѹźӣ⼸첻ŷַ˯һ£
裺
Ի⧲÷ԸĻ¸еġʲôӴҪˣٴҲĸҪִ˯
ͼһ£һ˯ġ
ȴǳʱҪ𣬶Һܻܿ˶˯Ϣһ£ͷ϶˯ò̹˵ȷʵѹźӡǷַ˯ɡ
һȳһµķַ˯ɡ
˱ʾ֮
һڶĺӡ
˿̵ķϱ˻Ǿַ˯׶Σøջؾһʲô飬Ҷûа취һʱ֪
ıʾѽ
ԿǼˣǸŮӣҪҪأ
ͷҪʲô
ԼӶ÷ɿ죬ƾٿҲˮƽˣԸɵţë˵ҹҿɱȥ
ģˡ
裺˵ʲôתͷȥ顣
ģԼֱӽ鲻ô
裺ٱ岻ҿ԰æͰˮҪ˯ţӲһܰ㰴һ
ģҲ顣
עŸĵı飬ԼҪˣһ̾ʵֻ벻ÿһʱ䡣㲻Ѱɾҷַ˯
͹ȵķ˲䱻ߡ
Цǻһ˯Ҫ˯˵ܴܲ顣²ָء
ĵɿԼⱲӻûĶӼС
鷳Сӡ
ĽҹµĻ⣺˵ӽʲôֺأȸһЩСܺͻݲйء
貢ûѡǸڴ֡
룺Сͽ֡룬Ҫһ֡
լȻѽĻеˡ
ųǣȴǲϣǸ䣺ɡܹ麢ĺӡ
迴ŸģȻЦáϸ롣
ǵһλ
Ʋȥϱӵ֣ѯʸģзʯ񣿡
û뵽ֱѡ֣룬ҡͷ
ϸ˼Ƭ̣һʱЩ벻·ǵ֮˵
СӻûЩַ˯ôҪͦ
ϧĺûԷ뷨ʾȻ϶õ˷һۣһµ˭ͦ
û뵽ô죬Цá
˵ʵӰ֣¾˳ֵԼԼ֣ЩᣬֲףǸһ㣬ٻֺ˵˭й
Ļ˶࣬ܲײ
벻õģҲգǾ˵ɡ
СкЩ£Զúܡ
ܵҪΪ˸ĸļһڷ£ܿͽӵϷ˷šýıճ¸ˡ
ܲԼҷͦŴӳŸ˸ɻɣ
Ҫ֪ˣԴŵġ÷ֱϴһʺš
¾˸ЩµȥؾӱСһšҿѧôãЩʱҲܰ㴦顣Ҫʵˣ鷳ġ
ӵӲãǵϸšЩƹǶλƹˣ齻¾ͳɡ㲻òġ
ŷ費˵ţЦһ¡
ЦԼ˶٣ǰϸĵĴôЦأ
Ĵۣë
ֻ룬һкһ˻߶ʱ򣬺ƽսȻͬлϲȴڽ㻶ϲ˵ڡ
ǣϲˡ


 164 

ĻеʱһĹע
ת۾յһѵƷƷ, лʺʹ, иĶиŮƼǶ·;ңԶ, ھǲһѶڸլ, ˵ͷһ
ŸӰ˺ЩΣ˽̵ź, øӰĽơ
ƽϴ޲ôСħӰ, صǰԵòС
СһװģóԼѧ, ǻԲ˵Ŵ㣬˵ˡҪӶͿʼѧԺܳһˡ
ͷſȴ
ЦһҪΪһˡ
Ӱ̧ͷ۸, ͯɵǲס
ͷۻӻ, ϣܹһҹ֮ڳ󣬱ö¶, ֪֪һҪô
ԼҽԱ, ԱȲͱпһ䣺ײǷѪ
ҪĺԺٵֻø, Լҽȴ˵һҪú
ļӰȷʵ, ŸӰͣԹָܵҪǶԱ, Ҳû츳ģôԺҲһ츳
ģڴʱһСĵ, װ̵Ĺͷ˽ȥ
ĺŮв޲ţƽҺϣҲϣ͸ӰǵǶֻϣܺúó󡣡
Ӱ죬Ť죺ϣܳɲˡ
ЦΪɲſԹõӡ˭ϣԼϲ˽ܹأ
Ӱе㶮ˡ
ϣԼҿԸãҲϣͽԱĽ̬ϣǰŮԶһùӣԶз
³˿ƥŮӡ
ͷһҪ顣ɲɲŲҪϣɲš
Сһ˵Դǣ̬ȱȸղŻҪ֣ء
ݸֻ÷СһԼԼ֮Ҳ͵ϰһλᡣ˽λ˶Լѧ˽һ㡣
ӰĴˣܺͷײϡ
ŸӰ鱾Ǿ壬ͻ䡣Ӱ󲿷Ӧ˼شò㾫ʣ۵Խļλ
ҲֱӸƵĴ𰸣䣬ȥԼú롣
ģ
֮ҲǸ㲻
ŸһһһӰ˭ӭһ
ӱŵеĵزھǾòȥɹŰ˼꣬ڻڼ˺͸ĵİ£̬
һʹԼĹϣ߶߶߶ʼ͸Ľԡ
İĲ֪˹ýŸ˵ʲô顣һֹһֲ裬·˵Ǳ˵飬һ𾪣˵ɹǺͲ裬̫ˣͶһ㡣
̿
͵ЦøûֳҸտʼ룬͵Ͷ͵ɣɹò͵ģͶض԰ɣ
ĵͷ
Լ˿ڲ裺ȻװǺͲҶ͡òţ伸䰡ⱲӶԲôǡ
ԴӽǷչ˺ӺӵƽȣǵǼ۸˻׵Ư
һ̧Žţһ򿪡ҫһӵĽƱŵ˹ҫһӵİǡ
ÿֱЦ
֪ĳ˼ţٴ졣Լھǣڸ˹ﶼ˵ʲô˵ɹҪͺüҪһ㾩ǵϰסȻһֻӡ
ĲûЦȥ
ﻹӣЦòУЩԼǺסǰԼЦ΢΢졣
Ц̲סЦʲôЦġ
뵽˹ô
ӡ
š
ӵ뷨ֱͻ˸ĵޣ顣ļԤϵý˵İ£Ǽٶȳ𸮵Ĺϡ
̫ɿ˰ɡ
İûܻ͹Цӯ̲סȡ΢˲۽ˮȻأʲôӦ
Ʋ죺ʲôӦҸ͸˹ȥд衯һգȻҸǱŴģ˹ÿصϷָϽװͷҵ˵
˵ʲôأ
Ӻ͸һƾһǻһԹá
ڹ𸮶ԣҪŮֻԹáһġϺУ˶һһաǲƾһʱ꽫ԼŮĽȥ
ɹž뾩ǿ̫Զˡ
һ޹ȥʲô˳ĵ飬ٶңԼѣֻܿԼȥھѧĴ󲿷£ûа취á
ҪǺܶ࣬ҪǵҪø˹֪ǺҪġȢڰϣڽ϶ֵõġҪгһյȻḶӦĴۡ
ΨǲܷĽȥ
ǽˣɾöԹǷĴҹлΪһ׮¶Զأ
ͽ𽥿Ҫ˵أ
ԽϸԽ˸顣
ϲһҼ޸ˣȻڵһĽϲ򱯣Լ
ŹӣЦòˣŽϹƹȥٳһ˵ǷӦʱ򣬹¾ͺˡ
ٳһӦһ
Ĺ˸˹תƵ˾ϡǴȱȤ£е̼·ͼٵһתͷһ˿Ӧ֤ȷʵġ
˵һĽˣȫǴӸġҲһЩطũЩ¡
Ӧ˼Σ˵˵˵ģˣѦı֪ô˵ϻ¥˴ˡɶҲ˵֪Ϊʲôô
ָľͲ֪ˣʣΪʲô
Ϊˣ˭֪ǸǶ¥ӣõ㶫ġЦѦҲܰŵ̨Ͻ
ЦòС
ֶʲôѪ顣
˫Цˣ뵽˷ٶȸˡ
ʹ˸ף˹ûѰôСĻˣҽС˵˲Ȥ¡
ЦˣɲڱǶԼЦ̷¹Ӻ͸㣬Ǹǣˣæųȥˡ»㣬˳óԵġ
Цŵͷá
ٶ־߰뿪㱻˸ߵӣ˳·͸Ϲ´кϹ¾Ǹǰ£鲻ĸģŸĻլӡ
ˣǣôһôգܹྡڼţͷæ
⻰ŷ輷ۣ˵
ĸıţеŵĲ
豻ĶЦҪͷӦԶԣǼ϶ġζҪԵ㣬Ҿι㡣
ģ
ҿĻǷ衣


 165 

ȷʵǸĻ
е˻ûô͹ȥ, еǻʽ⡣רɩÿ춼Ҫ︵Ľ³⡣
缸µµ𽥽, ˮ׼⡣
ϲöױʱԺﶯһ, ɫûǰȻ, һߵ㡣Լе⣬ȴû뵽迴̲סϵǵߵ, ˵رÿ
ֵֹģȴƽĲ
󼸸, Ӻһ·гص׹, ʱʱеңܾû׹ȥ
˯ô˯̹ŶУ˯˾;ùͷ, һ¾Ͳþ
ǰ;һ˯̫á
ʵ֤ǡ
Ͽڣȥһ㡣
Ųλá
ٶȿڣٹȥһ㡣
̫С˵, »˴һĴ
һĴ̫ʺ, ԺլҪһһЩ˯
ٴŲλá
ĳĬƬ, Ǿô˯ٹȥһ㣿
Ųλ, Щ׹ȥ, ŽӶȥ
æСŵ㡣
˯, ŸġѺˣȥีĵţ㲻ͺ˵
Ӧ
軰䣬ܿٶƽ, Ÿĵٶֱ˯ˡ
Ķ˶ԴŴ͸¹⿴Լİˡ
ٽܿ˳˯
һۣһۣһ졣
ķԼǼ켸Ԥеġڷŵ˵һЩô
ӦͱһЩʱջ
˳˷Ժ΢߶
ľ͸оһͷ˵һҺҪˡ
ϱհһ˲й½вţȵúܣ侲Ÿȥȥʳ
ʵŸĵѳȽ˷仹Ծһ¡
Ź󣬷ͱ˷䡣
լȫ˶ˮˮȡ·ȡ·ææµµһеġ
ͷԸѡ
ЪԵʹѵϱӵ顣ԼɳʱһУԼڰһζ֡
Ⱳӣ¶ͯ꣬жһлӡ
ٵԼͷĵεΡ
ͷܿʹʪ
ǱԶԼиš׵߳ĺΨʣµͷһǺۣһ衣
ʱһһһ֪˶ãŻһ˵Ļͺϲˮпűӱ޵
۰
谡
ıǿι˲ü˯ȥ
ϸ渵ĲϴӣСȴԼСǰüͷûչûܴӻ˯оһ¡
ȻǹŹǰһ⡣
仹û״ɾŽˣ߻Ŵ
ű˺Ӹ迴˵һѵϲĻֻӭ赭һƲ֪ˡͷˡʰöȥɣӴȥһտţٱ
˲Ҵţ׷׼ӿ϶ܿóȥˡ
ϺԷ˵ްųſҩӡ
һӷŵϡ
ȥ˳һ飬ڸߣţһʱ̧ͷһ۸ġ
˯һֱȣüͷһֱûչ
ȫޱ飬ĮòǴ˼ΪƣЦӭķˡһζüĵĺӡŶеס
ɫˣŽүøСһӡǶˡ
ӦһŲһλá
ǰԼС򵥲ϴһ£ٸϵ·øü˶Ƥæٽϣÿλ뿪
˯ʶʲô˫ۡ
۱㿴˷衣
ϵҳ鱾ϷţֱŸ߹üۣô
ӣȻžžવ
ǴһʹûʲôѪɫһ޺ԵòС
ڴߣûҶġĨȥĵ᣺ޣ̫ˡԺˡ
Ӧ
ϸʲôرԵô˸ȥ»һЩҪɿڵģ
˵ţԻ֣ͭҪö⡣
һ٣ʱЦá
Ҫ󣺡Ҫιҳԡ
ǰҪιΪԷûһٸٳԡһʲôҪ󶼸ˡ
Ӧá
֣Ϸ֣ҡ
ͷãԵ˯
Ӧ
ŷȥȡ֪࣬ԼСӣأ
Ļûӣ»˱ġǸкӡ
ġšһ
໹û͹ӵǱȱһԼĸסճĺ۾϶СһԴͨ죬˯ġ
Ŀۣ
̫ˣǹЩٿɡ
ͺӹ˵ϲĻ˵⺢˷͸ġȻΪ˸ĸλ⻰
̫̫Сˣȫ
Ĳź˯ͻȥɣú˯š
Ӧ
ܿ࣬ͽ
ŸǶӹִ࣬£ιģιָУͷιԻ
ıܾһԹӦҧӣˡ
Ŷ
һ⻰æʾСЩӶ㣬Գ̫ʵڵģΪ
ͷóʦ࣬Ҳˡ
飺ɶ
Цһ£ǣ˿ڣٶȲЦˣɷιͷٿܲܳ԰ɣҪǲܳԣٰһ
Ͱˡ
һڿι꣬ʸģɻ
ҡҡͷ
轫뻹飺һ˽ҵķͽ
Ŀ裺ʲô
֪ĲʳеĳʳҲÿпޣ˵ӪˮˮҲһٺȵ㡣
ĵͷ
ȡĲ±ȾˮĴһ˯뺢ӵ֣ҲȥһڴϿԸʲô
ӿɵһ¡
Ӧ
ֻҪ費ԼܳԵľСҪǳԼܳԵģҪַ˯
ڴϣпſ飬˻ӱϳڷҨһ룬͵ǰһȡ
С룬һһںȣȫȻû뿪ˡ
Է̬죬Ŀ
Ŀ˺ðŴۣܿף룬ٶȿ衣Եò죬ϵĲȴ˴롣
ĿԼͷôˣ
Ĳ֪ô˵ҡҡͷ
꣬˽ʰꡣ
صߣǶࣺճֱ˯ãʲôֱӽңȥ鷿ĶһЩ
Ը죬ô»ǵô
ĳͷ
ЦЦ˸Ķͷתš
ŷ߳ȥŹϣ΢һ
ͷԼϵı죬롭벻ͨ
İǶԼļ䡣裺һ˵˵УŴ˵ɫʣǧ˵ʷˡԶδ֪
һǺԼྴķ衣гҰģţ˵УҲһֻĿӵΪ˵ĵߣαԼʱȴдһᡣ֪ƴ˸ȥƽסԼ
һںԼ˶ķ衣ǵУаȴҲΪĻֶƤ֮¡޲ý죬ÿһ춼ӳ㺡
иج˺ܾá
˸ӣʹ̫мȴȻ
һжһΣʵ޷ȥɡ
̫ƫøĲ֪⡣
Լļ䣬
·һɵꡣ
ٶȴ򿪣豧һӣýŽŸϡŵϣǶۡ
תͷ衣
ٶȿڣ裬ҡ
΢㶣Цá


 166 

ڷĻů⡣
ԼŵԼŵѪζ, ȻҲŵƺһ㶼ζ, ûһЦһ¡
ƺЦеճˡ
Ҳһ֪Լôճˡ
ҪǰܵĿǷֲ
ҴǲǺһ顣ڷɿȥæ, ڼ﷭Ź©Ľ֡
һ, ʧ״̬úǹء
ڶӣһĵЩ, ФȥɶԿЩδ֪顣ûнԼ߷裬ĬĬӦһСûϵջ˸ӵ˺¡
һ˷, ƽҲûܾȵ, Ҳͷ»סԼѡ
δϰ䣬ȴƴһǻŭԴ˶ѳΪ»ʵʮӡһб֪ĸӻôȵùЩıԵأ
ǳȨıȻʮӶ֡ة, ȨҪյСϻʵµ, ʮӵͷߵķ衣
ʮıԣȴǲ˵ġǻʵ۵, ˡʮ֮䲢ûеֱӶŵĽ׶Ρ
Ǹ׶, ǲʮ, Ҳֻ֡
һ, һة䡣
, Դгš
ɾüɰһ졣
ĶԱһһӺֺܽңԶ
֪ԼҪǰ˽͸Щ顣ȻߣһֶĲ֪ô˵, ֪ô͡
һжһˣ˵˻᲻ᷴ˻Чأ
¶¶һ֣ƻԼǰӵеãׯεǰһнΪ
֣ѡرǰꡣ
ô£ô飬񣬲Ҫˣϣ´泤á
ӵɿ󣬷ȥԼĹ£ľǶ衣
˯ƽڴϣŶͷܸܵŵºͺ
һڷߣ֪ͱסһҹΡ

İѶϻʵ۵ľ˹ÿ찴ʱӣԼӡ
ΪڸԼϵѪһңһһ˻ڱ·ʡԼѪζܡ
С𽥹ȥϺɫˣ¶ԼװֵģֺǺǵģЦģЦߺ͵ĸӰһ¿ˮ
Сһ־һץסָͻǳʹ
Ӱÿع֣ź涺һӣȻץֲţôζβοԼϲתͷ캰ؽĸָ
ֵر࣬ൽʺ˽һˣŵøĸϽ˺дţ˲
һ࣬˶ҪһֵĴ
Ľʾ֭Ҳ벻費֪ΪҲٳٽº˶ΪֵĴͽз֡Զں˶ֺܲ⣬רдһ衣
裺
Ҳǲа
ǿ֣֡ᶨ֡
ǸԭҪһ֣ʹ𣬾źӳܹԼһһЩ֡һƺָܹһ㡣
ȻĴз衰⡱
ӻָòܹ࣬ˡҲӭ˸˹͹ϲѶ˽ھǳף𸮲ٳһУҳ˹ڵĲһΪӴʽ
Լױ壬˹ǶƸ壬˫ųɻͷ˱һڣƥҶΪ滥
н漰֮޴󣬷ھǿʮҵ궼ﲻ
ĺͷȥϲʱ˾һ͵ײоĿø˹һǳܺҾƵ˱ൽɵţõû졣
˳ɻûãܿ͵ûɹšǶҪͽҪͳȥܹһ£ӡ
ĺ͹ûôúദһʱ䣬ӭ˷ֱ
һ뿪ǣĬĬŸ·ǰСһ뿪ǣޣοߡȥˣھͷͤڼС
ͤǵʮ幫ʱģڻš
һζ꣬ת۲ʮ幫ǹ͸ģ˶ѳɻ顣޸Լϲ꣬޸ֹͬķ衣
Ƭ̣Ц
߶߶˵ŵ£ʱҿˣ¬Ŀ˿۵ģʵٵÿ
ǶξӶǷ衣ǿⱲӵĳһ͵ġ
һױݻúá
Ц
ײھǿ̫ã͸һһƣ𡣸˹ϳŸĵͷŹ뿪
߳Ķ飬Ӷͷһֱβʧڸڡ
ͬеˣһȥߡ
ѯԼС㣺С㣬ǻլӣȥ̣
˼Ƭ̣ȥӹү
ʵͼ̫Զ
ǵһж͵ȻͬղھΪ٣ФֵúңҪǹҵģΨ֡
߰ɡ
Ӧǰڵĵط
ţһգʱš
ƾŶظƳɹΪĲɹةλá
پһƷʶ壬ˡةϣȴҲسȺϡǺԺĳ߻Ǳ̫ףڵõмӺ󣬶Էʮơ
ʵ۸ϲ衣
Щ곣˵ǵĶ˵زЩһǲϵģܻŻ˵Լǵ˻ʵ۵Ķ裬졣
˵ʵµȴǫѷ
һǫѷةܹ࣬úܶ˵ĺøС
ͬʱĵҲԽԽ𽥴Ӿǿܱߵ˽ϡעػ̵ͬʱǵúͻ͹ƹʳͱе
ߣľҲľıˣĳ־á
ϰвأʼóĻȸ淢չ
˲˶깦˳ɹоĶߵˮӡ˲ϲԷףǾѡֵĶߵʳҲһġ
æСҲæ
ִһ¿ˮݵĺӣ𽥳ɳΪһѧĶͯٱѹѧʶд֡ССԹ벻׵ϰֻ츳ÿһ壬ĸ׷ͬã
ĲǸ红ӵˣǡ
ƯõޣĵҲѧֵͬʱԼõóˡ
ѹŷּϰ֣˽ʹʩ
һܰദͬʱϻʵ۵ͽ𽥿ʼԲˡĵλͷԽԽ󣬽ĴҲԽԽࡣ
ϻʵ۵ļӣõļͶ̫ˣûʲôرĲܡõļϻѵܹ˽˺һƬ
ʮվһ롣
ͷõĻӺةһϻʵһѹȸСѹȸʱᵼϻʵʱ⡣
һд費ʱ򷸴
ͷӿͷҲӿ
ͷ飺ղ˵ʲô
һ¿ˮ˵ţ˵ȥ˺üλ¥һλﻨ˲ӣ˺Щӡ
ģ
˵Щѵģ


 167 

ĵĻǵõ˵˵ܶڷĺ֪
ÿؼһ, ַַǸյʡʱЩ˵˭һܿǼٵİ, ܼôأ
ǣ˵ôϺ˵, ܲȫԴͷİɣ
ܹһĪ, ˵ôһݺýͼӴ֮ԣͼӴ׵ǰͷ, ǵһ뷹
ĺ侲ļһ¥
ˣҾ˾˵ӿ¿Ǹ¶
ȥͦ˵ġ
ʣλ
ͷ, ԼСƺǿ, ŷǳΣգʹ¶ͷƣա˵ԭǽˣŵڳͷ汲ֵ, ĸͲòΪ˼ҵĺ, һȥˣʣһˡ
ģǱģ
ڨЦ, Ըġղ˵ʲôһ, ׬ЦǮˡ
Ĳִϻ¥
йԱܶϲڻ¥̸˴ŵ, ҳԶٷ, ȸ, Ҹ˼˼ͽ̸ˡ
Ϊ٣ȻһֱͳԷżҲȥ¥ȥ˵, ˭˭˭ȥ˵˵ʲô顣
һ¸ᡣ
η裬Ȼʲô
¶գû˵
û˵⡣
ҲǳɵģϻʵԽԽһҲԭԽ𽥿ʼϣ·ʿѲ߰ζࡣ˶ᱻѯǶ⡣
ȫҪǼڰصע
ʱ򣬷ڲ֪£˻¥
ںܶŮӶԣһӦǣǷѹˡ
ľòǡ
ѹĻѹ󡣷ÿؾˣϲ˵䣬Ƕæһ˯ȥСƬ̡
ȥй£㽫½ЩҪͷһ¡
Ӧ
ȥй£ųţС־̽ͷ̽ĵ鷿ꡣСһﾫͻСȴѵõмйŮļͥע޲ס
һ
üۣŷ֣ôˣ첻ĥĿҵ
Ц
ĿŷЦЦ
ſС֣ﱧ
ĽֱԼϣҪСôڵСﶼϲƯĻԺϲˣͿܶƯĶ
־ܾϣСһ
棺ұǳúÿ
ģ
޻˵⻹ǵġ
ĽһɻڷԴϣС͸С֣ԺҪϸÿģͻ
ԴѽҪϴͷġ
Цϴͷõ
Ϊѷ֣Ŷ
ĴŷһֹֽƵĻɫ׼˻ͷһ͹ȥÿһ̶ԼɫĻÿһʱһЩ̶ƣ֪Щ̶ͬһҡ
ֺϲɫڣ־Ҫֱϡ
Ľסжġ
ֻñմϣΪʲôҪжϻͼ
Ļش𣺡ΪɫƯ
Ӧ˸⣺Ϊʲô˵ϻ¥¥ôкܶ໨ô
û뵽ֻ͵˻
赭д˵ţ¥ġǶȷʵкܶ໨ǲɻ׷ֱ˸
ĺͷ账ˣ˵ʱʱҲϲлȴ˫غĻֺֺֻǵͷʾɻȷʵá
ԺĻΡ
ƨƨʹ
ĸӸֶ꣬鷿ûȤµ鷿ܣȥСèèС
è˫ȫ
Ӧȥˡ
±ʣŷԼһ˾Ľ͡
˿̵ķڹٳͬһ㡣۵ͷһۣͿ˭˭ӻװʲôʵ岻ֻȥӡ
ǵôôҲѡܿһͷʮЩԸҲôҪҸС
Ը̽Σ壬΢Цװɵ¡Ҳ˭ϣҲ˭ϣվǸӲվӡ
˵㻨Ϣ˵ͻ¥˭˭ôǹϵ
ӱ˿ϢԼȥҪҪ͸Ľһ¡ǽ͵ĻҪǸĲ֪ͻԵЩ⡣ҪǸ֪ˣҪ˵Ľ;еڽƱ硣
Ѱ
̾
еϢûԺ͸Ľʱϸ˻º͵Ůӵģϸ£ܾԼġ
ѵӽ˵ǣھǻ¥ˡ˽ܻҪúϵģ̫ܲ㽲
Ӧһܹ׻ĹԱͬЦŽš
ةˣܻǵе棬ɸרظ
ϣ軹δΣգĥϳʲôá
˳зþ˳ԣζΪۡ
ҪǼﱸ˷Ǿϵҹԡ
뷨ܺã˻ṳ̂ţͼſŵĹ³֣ү鷿㡣
̬ϹϾǲ㣬Ȼ˵״̬е㲻ԡվڸͷǴԼСô顣
һ£ø֪ʲô飬϶йء鵽ǲǻ¥¼ģһ
ة·ߣϷ˿ˣ
¸󣺡ǣˣ˲١
裺
ое¡
辭ԺӣѾͷԼԺͣ˵һ֣·ǰǵϴ֡
ͷҲû̧ǵӦ֪ˡ
ǰһΣԼҶӺȻԼ
ת֣ɻһôˣ
˸ղԼĶԻԴǸԼҵ˵Ҫ۵ĸ
裺
ʧЦ֣еĻҪѧ
⡣
ܣ͡ȥ
ֵͷ
ڡ۸в£ĬĬƶ鷿ſڣ˷š
ԺķͷߵѾͷ۸Ǵϵô
Ѿͷ˵ʲôѾͷʲô˵СүͰɡ
룬ﲻڴԼҵȣԹԵͷ͡ѽȥӣʲôʱܷѿأ
鷿ĺһ
ƿţС̽Դ۲һ¸ģȷ黹̤š
濵кŮûеľ磬һҲͦµġ֪ܵκγͷҲ֪Ϊʲô¡
ڳϺţȴ൱ˣʲôӣ˵˲ٳԵġ
ĴԼǰ̧ͷŷЦ¡
º͵ЦݣǸŷѧαЦݡ
ԼӸĵЦһ㶫ټϸԼʵʵǰ棬ʾҿԽ͡
֪һΡ
ĵǺģֱߵĲרŵһ裬豭ķƣ
ӹ£豭˿ڣ̾һµôӰǰ˵𡣡
ģ
ʱƺôһáϢͨģȻǵϢ²Ǿⶼˣ
ڻϧģʵҲʱҺ˼ء
΢١
ҪĵǾͲǸĸİأԶߵԪԡһ½ϻʵǷѣҽһֱߣĻˡ
¥ǸӦУﻹԼڡ
ȥȫġ
׹ף׻ҪԵġ
ĸıʾͷˣ˵˼ĺ֪һָһǵĹ˭ܴ㻰ָתͷͽͷҪôˡ
̾ǧҰʷʷһѡ
裺
⵹Ҳڡ


 168 

Ǻ䴫ġ
ϰյķ̫, ˵ͷ϶ʲôûж֢ҩ׵
ǸŪ۵ĸ, Ȼ֪ʷⶫбס˵Ƿ˵ǲ˼, ȫ˵Ρ
Ծá
ʷӰ쵽˻ͷҪʲô˵, ϶Ц󷽵ĵطֵġǻѡܹؼԵ˵
ڸ, ʷһص⡣
ʾҲˡ
ĺȻͷ֪ͷкܶ˲֪˽Ժö꣬ɱ𡭡
˶, һʣڲ
û뵽Լʮ, ûʮҪϡڲִʡϱûʮȷʵڲ˻, Ҳ
ةеأһϡ
ģصϲϵɣ
ȴܳ⡣
˼ʮһڲ, ʮ࣬ƾʲôڲ
Ĳʮ, ֻûʮꡣô˵ˣ轫豭, ѯʸ, Ҫһԡô
ģ
⹷ˡ
һԹģʽ, ÿضø˵˵û߳İ, Ҳеģ˵ֱףԡתԼ뷨˵߳İɣֺûⶫ, תͷܽԡұҡ
²˵
һΪĽ
΢΢죬̾ΪʲôôȥԼСƤô

貢ûнȫԶֻعͷ顣
¶ͷвˣüҡڣºȻҲһЩ⣬ҾͶ߶һ¡㱳ԼĽͣٶͲ˵ˡ
ĵͷ
˵Ͳ˵¡
̹״ӿľ¿ԽҹԽϵҲһԤڡ
˵Щ߸˵Ĺ£ĳŷЦЦºһ裺ϿջǺܿյģϾ١ة˿ҪȢ檣
裺
ûҲûû뵽ӭôһɱ޴⡣
Ϸʿǣة˻һЩ졣
ͷҪǲˣͻЦｫˡڼﲻˣǾһʽ
վӣƹߵߣºͷʣ˵ҪҪǣ
ŷǳǿҵв˼
գգۡ
ºͣӻ棬ȳԷ壬˽͵Ƕȥٺú̸һ̸С檵顣
ľ̫Ҫˡ
˷軰˼ҪһµԼ
Ӳ˻ܸʲô飿
ڨЦһ£ȳԷҪͬˣǾͽ͹ȥ
һͬ⡣
踩ӣȡһôԷǰˡ
֣߬ȷȷʵʵ˵ˡ߳鷿ʱϻۿɼĺΣߵϼ
аķϴɾܹǲˣ
ģǡ
Ϸϡ
迪ڣ֣ȥϿ⣿
ÿŷ룺ΪʲôҪȥȥڡ
ͷǾȥǶ
ǶǷ⸸סĵطͬͦõġ
û뵽ԼӾôױˣͼһԼӣֲһô
迴۸ģЦһ
ּԼ̬ȲһССԴ֪ʲôˡҪ˶Ҫˡڷȥżڣһȥ
ģеæ
ּ״Ʋ졣
һףʵһסα
ϵķֹԹԳԺ÷ϴɾֺԼСӣҪȥԺһߡԼԼġ
˵꣬Сһӣתͷ˳ȥ
ĬĬԼ󼸿ڷͼһʱ䡣
ƵŸĽһڷ꣬ϷʿڣһԣǻҪϴġ
ģ
ȫûܼԼס
ıȥԡԡǱҵġ˽¼һදͻ֪ûǸȥˡ
ڶƽڴĸıʾ붯öȥڡ
ܹ
ֻǱ͵˸ڣæѧҵͬʱŷ⸸һľͷ
ԽԽϡ
ʵʶԼȷʵ첻ˣֱӽʮϳʱʮֱվԲࡣֱվεһԲࡣ
٣Ψһ
ʮϲô˵³񶼲Էһ
˾֮ΧһЩ֣ѯȴõĶǣûʲôֵģֻǱӶѡ
Խ̹ϣʵȷʵԽġ
Ĺģ̸Ҫ̸ġ
ʵʮ֮䷢һ
ʵӲ˳˾ȥһûˣúܡ
źͨʮ̸֮Ҳͨ丸ӡݲ
ԪˣƢһֱǶһصĶ࣬ʫʫһ㲻ȥʫʫͲ֡ʵ˵ţֻʫʫµĺӡʫʫģǸúӡ
ʮӦ
ˣԪûѪԵϵͺʫʫһƵ㣬רһȢ˸ġþ˺ôʵʮԪԲͬҰģҲصλ
ʮӦͣܽ˷ϣҰģȴԽ
ʵЦ¡
Сᵽš
ʵǻġڵķķҲô뷨˳ͻٹĻģ㿼ǵǵλǻʼҵȨ档ǵ£ǰٹٵȨ档
ʮû˵
ˣʵ۲˵ޱ÷ʺһ³ܺκ˽ãʵϲκ˽ġ㿴лл濵ղĺ¿һˣɽôġ
ʺϵʵ۵һѵ
ʵָʵ۲Ҫѵˣ۶ϡ
̫٣Ҳ̫ڡʵ̾ǣˣѿ˰޵ؿʷϣԽ
̫ˣǻȴԼ˲ɻȱһλ
˭ҪǶ˷裬Ǻ˹ȥ
ҪǶ˷裬ǰͻȻʮҪǶ˷裬ǾǸյǻͻӹ
˭ܶ
ةλԽǲ˵죬Ѱȥˡ²Ҫةֻ࣬Ҫһλʵ۸ʮӡ
ʮӦ¡
ʵ˵̫໰еˡ
ֺ΢˻Σʾʮˡ
ʮ񣺡ˣȸˡ
ʵӦһٲش
ʮ뿪תȥһԼĸǶ
ڻʺһЩۼġۼڲھ޵ױ£ͱڵ˺ܶࡣ
ʺʮû˵ʲôֻ̾һ䣺ʱÿ찡
ת۵ֱӡ
ʮӹ
ʺ˦֣ʮֱӳˡ
֮󣬻ʺȥɡ
ʺڼݣǰȥʱ޶Ļʵۡʱ̫ˣǵ֪أٵò룬ٵ񣬺ܿҪ롣
˹˻ʵߡ
ʵţۡ
£ôȥΪȴнԶأŻʵ۲ϵģʳ˫𰸵ʻ
ʵƤһ󻹲Ǿʣ
ʺЦҲǡ


 169 

˶ϻʵ۳Ųס, û뵽ϻʵ۾Ļֳһʱ䡣
ת, ննλõλáӼ֮, һѧ½½صɽͷ, ż»ʵǻһ¡
ϻʵûڰȨʮѡĩֱӵǻ, ѡһʱһλǵ̫ϻʡ
Ȩӣʱ֡
вǼλñĴ˸ɾ, Щͼ»ǰҡе, ҲϻʵѰ˸ͷˡ
˾ϻʵۿ첻ˣϲŭ޳Ψз֪ļıԼΪóȨƿߵ, ˿ȫڸʮ̵档
е»λһܶ, 
ֻҪʵڶõˣʷ϶ϻʵ۵ļ, ǹڹġ
ⱲӾ͵ôһˡ
ĩ, ʮӵǻ, һ, һʷϻʵ۾ʹ˳Ϊ̫ϻ, ϳгһΣ˺
䣬貱һȦë޵ģžͺů͡ͽ, ɿţھǼΪ㡣ٴα̫ϻʽȥʱ̫ϻĥҽƵѬϡ
ӵ˵ӻһɸζ
Ϲأͷ˲ٺö
ҽ̫ϻʶ֪ʱղ࣬ѡúöϼվϼգܶ滺Ӿ滺һӡ
̫ϻʺͷ˼䣬û÷ʹ˻ȥ
ţпţⰡ̫ˡ
Żȷʵǡ
̫ϻʱĲҪЦ
ϲ˵ֱϲĻҲάұ档˵̹̹δйһ˿ҵɡǸ
̫ϻ΢΢ſۣ̫˴඼á
ӦһС֡
̫ϻЦ̲ס
蹪񣺡
΢΢̫ϻʣ̫ϻʵĺ󱳣̫ϻܻһ
ͷЩ쿴ɫ̫࣬Ҳֵֻزѡ
̫ϻ֪˼ͷ˵£꣬Ƽʺ󡣾λĸӹǺãλܾáﲻʺϡͯҪ޸ޣΪﲻʺϡ
֪̫ϻɣ¡
ʫʫǸºŮӣʺϵޣʺϵһ֮
ϲͯͯҲ޸ޡҲ޵˺ô̫ϻ⼸ԼĻʺ󣬾ùһжá
ţûκλ
̫ϻ䣬Ĭ˺ܾáԼҲһ飬һܺͷ˵ز볼ӵ
̫֮ϻ˵һͯǹҵġ
ûޡ
ҡ
費˵Ҫ㣬ѡһƶˡʮͳ꣬λʵۣһȺŵġûʱãԹĻʺԣôࡣ
˵ĿԹФ̫ϻʺһ衣
ʵش𣺡С
̫ϻظ˷ĻСôûأ
˵ţΪƱж񱨡еĶѵõ˱Ӧǽҹһ¡
ةͣһ£͵ƷһǸˡȽʺϳ
̫ϻЦˣԣʺ㡣ʺʮ
ʵʵѲֹǸԹԹˣʷ鲻黳顣˵黳̫ϻʾ֡ٶģֻʱ֤ʮ۾ˡ
ֹã̫ϻʺͷ˵ǰһֱ룬Ҫʲô޾һƯԱͯһ˵˵˵ޱۡ
⻰úͻʺ˵ġ
̫ϻȷʵҲô
ʷ裺أ
ش̫ϻʣȥﲻ࣬뼸һ֣ĥôʳԱӣܶ飬㻨ӡ
̫ϻûϵôһ𰸡
̫ʵϣ˾ôġ
̫ϻʶ˰죬ջЦðáｭɽͶǿİô
һ䣺Ǳĺãó뷨
仰ûʲôʵԺˣ̫ϻ˺Ļֱֻڶ߹ȥ
ã̫ϻ˷һ⣺ʮΣ
Ļʵۡ
ż޷ڸҰģλ꣬λܽ»ʣٿʮ⼸ĳɾ͡
غñµһУǸɵĺõ˵
ϻʵҲô롣
ЦˣҲ÷Իȥˡ
ͷѺͷˡȨѷ£ʵѻһˣеһлǰӺáǰĵȴһյġ
մȾһζķ蹧뿪صС
һģ͵õһ䣺ôһζ
ʾ̫ϻµѬ㡣ھȥϴˡ
ɣֲҿڡ
һھͱҪ蹷Թ﹥϶Ҫһȥϴ衣Ķܲ²˵ʲô˵Ҹϲϵζ϶һЩ
ģ
;Լᡣ
ĺͷʲôϵǶ޹ϵһ֪ԷʲôתͷܴԷ˵ʲôĹϵ
ע⵽ĵûŸȥϴ裬ɻжĽһԼס
ĵڶ컹Ҫֱڷҧһڡ
ЦڸС𣿡һʱҲҧһҧƫĳԷϲĶһֱһҧȥӡӵڶͼ죬ڶϾûӡˡ
װǷ衣
룬ڸļͷҲҧһڣ
ĸϰѱ̰ˣһŲǡ
Ҫ붬ǻǺġů¯ҲٳҲסϲǱӣֻȥǶ˳µһӡ
һŴӡ
˯ڸıϣһ¸Ĳ˯
ûһ˯ˡ
Ŀŷʱ¶һƣ룬ۡ
ڶٶȳţһŸԶߵƼҡù½˿ӱ͹ȥһҪ͵ƽϡ
ǻûѩ
£÷
ּ˼̫ϻʣȥ˼˴¶ڴ¶лղԼ濵˼ٷ
ÿػȾ˲ͬζ
ıÿŵϲͬζ֪ŷ裬̲סɷ裺ةˣϵζٲһ㣬תͷͻһƥֱͷ
ֶ̹
б˵ЦӽӽҲ˲δѵʱˡ
µˣǶϲ󣬵ȫǺɫ£ҲŵƽʣɫĵźɫĴ
迴Ÿģ䣬ͷס
һ̬Դġ
ֻҪЩˡ
ֻҪȷܻš
Ĳ̫ԣŷ裬н𲻰ȴŬά򶨣Цŷգۣ㲻Ҫ
ɫ˳¡
Ӧ
ӽ𣬷⸮ϡ˭ܴӸϳȥҲκ˵İ
ĻΪģһȴվ˷һ࣬һӦǡ
ľ㵿£׹ôȻͷѵ˷Ƕ
ĿֻģͷһԵǣҲȢС檵ġ
ë
ʶԶûô򵥣˫ԼǰˡôʹδɹҲһ䣿
С檵⡣
ȫǵá
ҪƲȥȥһѡ
ˡ


 170 

ĺܻҡ
ʹ˹С, ܳ⸮, Ҳˡ
µǺ˵һС㣬үԼİ, ǧҪ̫ġЩڸϳԱ˯, ˯˳Ծͳɡ
ôܲģ
ķҲլǵõ²ϿεϲѶ, ɼԼǲ״̬ҲӦûô򵥡һعһټ͵ꡣ
Сһÿ͸Ķ, ͸һС, ͸һԼĿԭ͵ĸ㣬һСľ
ľ벻ľ¡
ÿ컹վɻؼңֻʱԽԽҲ¶ڵƣ, ŲԷ, ȱһġ
룺š
ʾУ㲻롣
ͷս, ֪ʲô, ֵķһס, һͱﲻס
˭ûдһֽ, ϱӺⱲӽȻͬһǱĵʱ˵, Ӱ̬¸ĸġ
ӵһ죬̫ϻʼݱ
ٹ󱯡
ŹûжõĿ죬תȫ˰ײ
ССͼ֤һ, ̲ססԼףô
ԼӵԴҵ𣬻ȴ˵ţûµģ
ŷ衣
ҲĸƽţϣԼĸܿԼϣֽҪͷһط衣
⸮˽ţҲһ˽š
ʵѾǻ̫ϻʵļݱûи̫͢ĳܶ鶼ܹѭ򽥽Ӱ̫ˡȻûӰ̫ˣвٹԱܵӿ
¹ζҪѻ𣬸»ʵǻ
ʮλãܵԼһ˻ʵۣ̬ȱ仯úԡ̫ϻȥһЩ˾Ҳǿʼ±仯еĹԱ̫ϻʱ㱻̫ϻʻţһԵò񡣲ܣ̫ϻʲˣܹҪһЩ
ӣ˵ĳЩͷˣٱ˵ԼһֱìܣʱܶԼֵˡ
ɱӺϡ
Լôһʱ䣬зǸû˵ͷʱĵçײ
ͷһʥּȥٹʹΪᡣ
ʹ̫һذվǶûлκεױ
˵ΪȫŮӣúݺݵؿޣ޵Сֻ˼ᣬ;̫ϻߡ
顣
鷿ʮΪʵҲһɫԼͷϵ飬˸Щܵķ
Էܿĳ̶ֳ˵һȫʮһʮʵǲ˼һԼС
ʵʷ裺ȥʲô
蹰֣ޡҪλãһðվó͢˲ƣס
ʵӦֺͷ˵һʵ˵ة֮λɳ
û뵽ʮֱôԼ˵
ةλԼʵѾãǹԱĴڳӶԣҪôһĿ꣬ǲڵԣҪ˸Ҫ˿ȨƱƵԼֱ
ΪةλĶеġ˫ɱڶֻĹˡȺة࣬Ϊһλǳ˵°Ա
һʲô飬˫ҪٶȽɱ
̫ϻʾЩԶةλΪˬǵʷҲ֪ةն̫ԣųնȫ̫ϻ
λֹΪһ뿪ةλ
ǰة࣬ةΪة൹ǱȽϼæû찵أʵڲæˣק˷λԼȥһְλ
ϱӲͬϱةǼģûôæԼ뻻ְλǱ̫ʢìͷƵ˸ϻ硣
˽һ˲ȻЦ⻰ȥЩ˵ǻȺ֮ľ档
֮װģ˺Щ꣬ûô̹Ϲ
趼ػʵۻҪһԼһơ
ʮϻʵλӶͦˡ
ţ̬Ⱥǳȣû˿ĶҡĸɾƽӹһЩλĵһ£ǽȥ¡
ɺЦЦݿԶ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ
ʮܵȻ˵Լ뷨ȥةһְٴӸѧʿԼѡȡˣݴةһܱȲˡԱв߲ԡ
һʵƯЧҲͼӰ
ֻҪ΢ƽӹһ㣬ֻҪµĳ̶ȣһӳһ
ӣǻʼҡ
λʵ۴ĵģһζˡҪȨƵλδǹԽǵߡΪΪô
ǰӵûȤҲûС
Ҫϸ˵ΪʲôûȤҲ˵Ϊ̫ˡηȨҲΪþǾǳûȤ
´ɾһУŻɽϣܷͬһޡʵ۳ŷЦ£ʸˣҲҡ
ϱϲèèȺȺСˣⱲɻèȴ˵ԼһֻǽةλԺ󻹻
费ۣûʮҲû˵š
ʵ۵Ļŵġ
迪ڣΪڴ£»ͳһƣó߸ʹ졣
ʵҡͷ³õȷʵ٣ƽӹһЩҲǸù˵ˡϤ͢£ԶκһλӣܼġбȷӾ޵ĳӣȻ˸Լ졣
Ӻ͵̫Ӳһֺ̫͵ʵ۲һ
ҪϤһУôܰ
ϸϸƷʮĻе
ϱǸ˶ٴ̼ʮ飬ѡԼѰͷԼٳᱻΪѰֱŪɲһ㡣
۹ⳤԶǳܼתͷʮĻʮ˳˵һ䣬ȵ۷緶
˭ܲϲ˵Լɹϰһأ
ʮϲ
ŷЦóϿңͷ䡣
蹰֡
ͬ˵˰죬㶼Լ̬ȣҺôҺãǽºáĹűʮߣʱһѵ
ҪϤܶණȫͬͬҪЩ鶼˽⣬˽ҪûʵŪ
裺ͻȻҪؼĳ嶯
ͷŰס
鷿ûãײһŮ
㣬ʺǰĴŮڻ̫ߵĴŮ
裬ŷ蹰֣ˡ
賯ͷ£
Ӧ̫ȥһˣڼ۵
۵Ƿ̫ϻλĵطÿԱҪȥǶһչأӻ̫󵽸·̫ة赽гӣÿһҪ޹˴ʱС
ʺûп޹飬͢²Ҷ˵ʲô˵ЩƷߣ˽ǻ̫ˡҪջʵۺͻָ̫죬óְ̫ǻ̫͵š
ܣ̫㡣̫λʺ󣬵ʮţӦòҪ
Ȼ̬ȹҲݷԣ̫˵ǹڷ˵飬˵䡣
ע㣬쿪ڣ·
ߣ쾡һᡭ

 171 

·С̫ԥ۷衣
Ҫ˵ʲô, ȴ㳯λС̫Ը·, »Ὣͳġȥʲôȥʲô
С̫λûߣֻܾʹӦ
ͷɻ仰, 䶼ûٿ, ԹϹˡ
һ۵ȥ
㽫˴˼۵ֱӾ͸ˡ
迴ð, »ʺȻͬڻ̫ߡԱҲûУԼŮûС
̫, û˵ʲôǻʺ˷, ΢΢죬Ȼû뵽ͻȻ֡
ȳλд㣬д, Ż̫ͻʺ
, û˵
Ҳ֪˵ʲôãܾĵط, ܶ໰ʺȥ˵ׯ, ˶ѾȥӢĳ羴ϧ
̫ڣ, ҶǶǿŵġȥ, ̫ġ
ͷûת, û˻ûں̷УӺݻ
ʺ֪ǶԼ˵ģԻ̫, ˶٣˳ȥ
迴ۻʺ󣬼վǶ
ʣˣɫǶۣ̫ŵڡ
˵ʲôأ
˵ġ
ĳһһΣ˻רŸҡҼĳ󣬼ºʹԽԽĸףҲܿѡ
ţЩǲһ˲һš
̸ȨλʱǶ顣ģֻҪͷ̸飬ֻϸ̸Ȩ
ĵܿѣǻʼȺô
ʺһֱϲͨһáҡ
Ÿ߸ϣʵ̬һֱɢɢƽ׽ˡ
Ϊ̫ϻʳ˻̫һӣ˭ֹûڻ̫ߵһֺá㣬ڣ̫ϻʻá
̫ȥ飺һֱãʫʫõĽáˣҪڸܵһίҶɣԳţڻһӰôùأȻ¶ˡ
˱ٵФ
֪ûҡ̫˵ţҺһ㣬ȴФ֣Ҿ֪ҲֻԼѹʲôˡҾһ֮ĸʲôˡ
ĵһгɳԼͷ衣
ֻ˵ĸ㲹ˡʲôأʲôˡ
Ĭ룬̫ϻҲһ㡣лһ˿ˣŻѹŻԼʲôˡֻеĴŬȥֲе˰һӲܲˣ¡
ΪһˣҪǵǴ֡ĺﵱܵһУڴ֮£ֻߵФٵһҲ޷ߡ
˲һ̫Ƥ΢˶رʮ겻
鿴һ仯ʶȴ˲ֵ
˵ʮڵʮһִҪԼ»˿ܻûҪԼһ˺ֵ̫ϻʣһڵĻ̫
ǼӵһĵǣվʮΪǵĵǡ
Сʮĸԡ
˭֪ڳΪ״Ԫ֮ǰɹʲô飬֪Ϊٺɹʲô顣˳߲ڲҲһ
Ӻͻʵۿһûìô
ܵġ
Ҫìܴ죬ʵ۱Ӹô죿ѳӸɵ
Źһˣ뵽˽
Ҫн򲻹ġҪвȻ̫ǽŹʵۻͷҲŹЮֵĿǻʵ۵
˹ʵۣûǻʺҪŻʺԸʵ̫ˡԸĵĺüϰΪ״̬
ǰͬ飬Σʲôأ
Իʵ۽˺ܶ࣬Իʺȴһʱ䲻֪˵һλŮӶԸĺһӣ˭гһջԸĵķʹɱ֡
˰ǻ䡣
˳Ĭ˰죬Ƿȿڣȷʵر㲻ʲôˡҲ֪ܶ飬еʱе˺Ͷ
̫̾˿
ȷʵôҲûʵۣһֱš
Ż̫һ̾¹ȥҳ̸ܶءӻöˣöˣῼǸȫһЩ°գҲ羴£ǶŴ֡
ֵ̫˵ˡ
̫˵ܰȰȰȽͣ
λ˵˻ͷ浣Լ߲š
Ƭ֮󣬻̫˵ʵ֪ǲǱºʫʫĺ֪Żţǿ⵱赶ɱˡ
̫˵ߣǰʫʫߣ˭֡
裺
Щĺܸӣú̸鰮ΪʲôҪ͸һúýúøɻô
Ⱳûô˺ǲϤ
˵ǲʫʫһֱڸŸôһ£ǸĲɱһͷβ޹
һֱԼܲңܺãͦġ
øҲࡣܲңܺãҪһûҲͦεġ
ˡ
ڻ̫
µļ۵ǲЦģ̫һкǻûЦ
ǰλ˵һ֮ȴǸˡһ֮ĸȴҲ㲻úˡ
˵ţ΢˻Ρ
ʶע˻̫ϡ
̫ޱ仯Ƕţλ

¿λúܿ죬ڻʹﵱֵ
ӵײõٵˣƶȸĺһѧһĿꡣ
𽥽ϣ͸һ¡
ڹͷİȫһ㲻Ծĵط̻ȥ⸮ù͸ĺͺӳǡ˴뿪
Ҫ龪һǾ͵һγŹĻᣬҪ£Ǿ
¿ŷĶ㲻ֵ鵱Ȼעš
շȥʵۡ
Ѳһ˽յֵڹ·С̫ࡣС̫ͷ˿ǻڱǶ
С̫๰֣ڼ۵̫һ𡣡
̫
¿һ
񲢲һ١
¿˵ͷ֪ˡ
С̫๪뿪
¿ٶѲһ·ɫͻȻҰףŲ΢١
ע⵽һ㣬˵һˣû°ɡ
¿ҡҡͷȴԲ
˭֪¿岻ʣҪǿѲߡڹͷ޶ҪţͻĲͬܿЩҽλǿЩҽΪá
ˣȥЪšҵ˰ࡣͷϾǡ
¿տʼûͷֶ˶Ѫɫ٣̧ͷͷСëÿһȥǼ
ִڲˣ˱ź¿ȥȥѲߡ
¿ͳ˹ţɫ΢Щ˵ţҲ˻ˣ㲻ܸһȱˣǻȥֵذɡ
æӦȥࡣ
¿ͷ
ȹſѰ¿뿪ûһǿκβĵطڷԸǰͷ򣺡ͷȥһ˷⸮
䲻⣬ǮǴү̱ǰ⸮
ٲ졣
¿ֱӴߣˡ
˵꣬ӱޣֱǰ⸮ѰҸġ
ߣȥȾ˸ʧܵɫͷһûᣨ

 172 

ٶȿ쵽ڿ, ɫҰ, һԺţ㣬Щ
¿ٶȵ⸮, ӿڴͳܾ, Զٺõġ
ĬԵˣҲѧ
ҪԹ, ɼôӣֱӾͽԼԹ, ˵, ֣ࡣ
¿³⸮ߣſ񣺡Ѱ£˵Ҫ
˻ȥ档
´Ҵҳ, Ǻ¿, ź¿񣺡ˡүɻ˵ʲô
¿Ӧֻ˵÷˺ͺӱˣЩһ, û˵ࡣ
ǰ͵˷Ը, תȥָӸϵȥˡ
ıڴźֹ, Ȼ½ȥ׼, һʱе¡Ȼжļ, һӾԤе顣
ʹ£أ
¹ش𣺡С㣬˻ڹֻȥѡСӺܾûˣȥһġ
˭⻰ᵱ档
Ľ͵ǰŹ˵Ҫ
ɹ, û˿ɵļ󣺡С㣬Ҫҵ
Щ
¼˲ͬһƵµѱӰ޷ôһнֺǰһģһ
Ź£ᶨ˵ţҽ
ŸĵĻ̾С㣬СӺһǡǵŵȻܷġ
£
ģ
Ӧǡ
Щ춼¶ܣںϵ
ھˡ
Ĳ˷ʱ䡣ʲôûţŷֱֺ֣ߣȳǣҪ
¼ԼС㲻ҪŷߣС롣
ڳãȻ
ԥһ£ǽֱӱŹߡڰ֣ҲڰԼȳǣֺܾûȥ˰ɣ»ܶ಻ʶˣֲҪ¡
ֹԹӦſڸĻ
ĳţһۿſŵĺ¿˶٣ź¿ͷ¿񣬵кˣת뿪
⸮һ˸ĺͷԼ飬һ˹ºԱ߻˺Щˣžȥ
ʱϹϣҲס˵
˳ſڼǰһ½ֻóһҰĹ¡
Ȼͨǡ
ϣûʲôЦ⡣˱ˣǿ򶨣һС㡱󣬻ֹסһ֡
ʻܿ쵽Ŀĵء
ƿ³ͼԼˡۿû³һڣҽɡ
һ˱ھķ轫ҪԵ档
ţ
һӡ
ϱԼ취ԼⱲ취ˡ
ֻǶһƤֱϡԼûĸ׿ţֻһˣֻһ˰
һ֪Լôʹ֪һ·Ҳ
ŵʫʫ΢΢ͷ
ԼŮһʱ䲻֪ô˵á
ⱲŮõˣЩ֮⣬ֻʣ·衣Ǹ̶ةλĺӡ
ʫʫ̾
ԶԪԱֻվǶţ⻰üʫʫ
ʫʫԪԣһǳЦԪԣ²㲻Ҫҡ
䣬佫ʱվߡ
佫λվߣм佫վԪԡ
֮˭ɵӣܶװ֪飬మӲƽϡʫʫ̫ԪˣɣҲԪֻ¸ģ֪Ǹռǿˡ
̫СҲװ±ġ
ԪΪʫʫһӲƽϣȴû뵽ҶͣȴȻƽˡ
ĸǰľ档û˼ȥ˽ԼĸΪλжݵĶţֻ˵ţҪˡ
ʫʫ̾飬ŷ
ĸÿλá
𾪹𾪣ǸϽŷ
ʫʫԼһ佫ɫѿԪ԰ȰһһѰطȥϣҾݲӦҲԡ
ԪɫתһЩǿڣʱ
ʫʫЦš
ٴתͷȥֱӻؾǰʹ
ľȥ˸ղԼᡣҪǿһ㡣軹ڵģܾģһܵġ
ʫʫŸŬǿӣʵ
ЩʵСʵڲ
ԣϣпԾܱס衣
½ûҪ顣佫ʾ˸ӣֱӳֱʹ˻ʹſڣͣ£ʫʫϵĻʹ̾
ӻȡһΪµӣ̻һơ֡
ƼһҾֵλ⣬ûʼң׻ǵһݲ˵ʹ͡
ſӣ£ˡʴ˴빬Ϊ£
ʫʫڣͷ·˸㡣
Ӧ
ǰþߣר˸·ʫʫߡ
Ľʫʫԡ
ʫʫһ·߹ϤĹ븵˵ǰ£ʹǵһϡǰŲܸ鷳Ҳֿܸ鷳
ԽѣԽױһ١
౻߬Ӧһ

ʹڣʺ˻ʵ鷿ſڣš
ʵۿڣ
ʺš
ʮˣ˹ôҪԼţ
ʺҡͷûϰߡͷؿ̫ˡ
ǰ֮ɲҪͷרźһԼȷͷûʲôˣԼȥžˡ˹Ǽһ
ʮһˣôĸ󣿡
ʺԥ˴˿ڼ۵ſڼ㣬˵Խ˴ġ
ʮ
ڼ۵Լĸר˽۵
ʮȻɫ䣬λվæ߳ڼݼ۵˱̫ͷʲôϢܴȥ
ʺǻţôˣ
ʮû뵽Լ˸ʣ͸ô࣬ȴЩĸʧԼĸڻʹ̫꣬ııĪɽĸҲ֪ʲô
ŻʺЦ²Ǻ顣
󹬲˭ҲӦȨ
ֻܿ۷ֻǶʲô鶼ûһƽ糣
ʮ·Լʵۿò׺ȨͨãԺúúýɽתͷͱԼһѡ
̫󵽵ʲô


 173 

˶ż۵ȥ
̫ͷ˵˺ܶл, ˵ġͷһ, ˵ͻȻȻؽ鶯ĥƽ˱Ĵʡ
˭, ˭ܵõʢ衣
Ȼ, ȵǸǵˣ˵, 󲿷ŮӲܰһ㺢ӶѡͷԴ󲿷ŮӵȨ⣬ҪǿŮӱ
ʺ, ҲĻ̫, 
˵ˣ̫Ҳˡ
Աߵ˰죬Ҳյòûµˡ
ĶẰһĪɽ
ĪɽӲ֪ĸ˳, վ˻̫ߣڡ
ͷ, û䣬̬չ
̫󿪿ڣȥſڿ, ˭ˡ
ĪɽӦ
ſǿ첽ǰĻʵ, ʮ
ʮһ, ߸Żʺ, ٱϻкЩ
Īɽվſ, 񣺡¡
ʮڣÿ
Īɽ˿²Ҫó
Ӽ󣬾ǸҺͻʵǺ
ʮ
̫ǰ
ʮ̫࣬ڣĸ㡣
, 费ۣ۹۱ǣһԡ
ĸӶɲͷ
̫ƿһ
Ƥһ̧ɨۣڼһĨȻȫ˲װɵװˣߣĪɽñ½̫ŻѪ
ͷһȫۡ
ʵĲܲˣǰ嶯Īɽҹ
ĪɽҲţ˾ʹ˳˽ȥ
ʮ嵽̫ߣʧ룺ĸôˣ̫ҽأҽ̫ҽ
ְ̫ĨȥߵѪգĸܶһ˰
̫һʮ㯡ڶѪʵζǳáˣ˭ζòأ̫ܾͦˡ
Ȳ˵ġ̫ʮýҽˡ
ʮһ¾£Ŵĸαء
̫󿪿ڣȥ㸸ʰ
̴ЦһֿһԾѪ
ֽˮݹ̫ڣȴܾˡ
̫ʮ㸸ܽһΡյ£ǻĵһ¡£վҪͷˡ
ۣ뿴ǰһĻ
˵ʲô
Ǳ˭ݡ
ûѱʮջ̫Ҫˣͳһİѱ󲻹ǸĻʮֻҪ£ѱó
ôΣ
ͻ̫һûã̫Ѫ
ıɱҵ
ʮ޳ɵӣĸαأҸҪԷְ
̫΢ҡͷšҶ㸸ʰʫʫǾôˡ
ʮޡ
ûߡʫʫæȴû뵽֤һĻ
ŻҵһĻڽʿǵĿ£ŸĻߡ⿪ԼͷϵĶ¶üĺۣڣûߣһˡ
˾㵿ſڡ
ĳ˷裬һͷײ軳˫סˣת˲Ϳʪ˷·
޴뿴Լĸģ̧ˣû¡
ĺޡ
ʫʫûȥǶСˡ
ߵԼߣͳԼЯҩƿĲ豭ȡҩֱӸ죺˭
̫ɵˡ
ʵ˶Ƕ
ʫʫ̫ͷ
̫ҩͷ
ʫʫͱϵĻʵ˵һ£̫жھǱҩʱѹš̫ҽô˵ó˵ͷһ¡ҩֻ࣬Զܾһ
ʵ۷Ӧˣȥ򡣡
ʫʫҩݸʵۣһιһֱĪɽȥڱºͻ̫ߣʶٶȿ졣
ʵͷĪɽ
Īɽ̫û־Ҵȥ
̫󿪿ڣ˻κģ㲻ǡô
ʫʫ̾ûҪˣФôܻ㷢ֵһ졣ȵ۲ɵӣ˵äĿزͰϹˡռ˶ˡ
̫󣺡
һһˣʫʫ
ƼӾôҲһȫȻƢĹºƵʫʫһܿ¡
ʫʫ̧˳Լ˵ͷҿûվƼҺԪھפʿǧˣһ˲ܿ˻ὫĴǡ
̫ûʧЦвʼҡ
ʫʫЦҲǻңвһ˵
ʮڱţԼʵûͦѡ
ʺ֣סʮ֣ʮʮոϻλȨƵλԶûб˳Ȩȹ̡
̫ˣͨˡôЩԼĥ͸ĵ㣬ȫˡ
̾Ϊʲôأ֪Ķһ㣬ҲߵزһԹôꡣ
˾ǵûнʫʫһ˵
ʫʫȷʵ֪ģǲ϶˵
̫󣺡ǻԹһ°ɡ
곤ļһ˵ͻȻ
ʫʫȰŻ̫󣺡ȶˣϸ˵ȥЩ¡ǵĶԹС㿴һԶԵģƾ׶ôԹ޹
̫󲻸ҿ
ƽҸ߸ϵŮӣںǰ飬Եúܡ
ʫʫתͷʮڣгһնԲºģƼԻᴦáƼҰ깦ѫϣһ档Ƕ֪ͼĺúӣ¶һֺãǶϡ
ʵ۳һ£ͷ
ھ⣬̫Ҳʫʫġ˵ͷûôìܣҪǣޡ
Сͼúˣ
ʵ̾ϢϳϿң۵ϸ˵λ޻ط
˷׷Ӧ£ٴȥ顣
ſ޻ױĸĸȺߣŬοŸģˣ㿴û¡
Ļڵᡣ
ʵۣ¶ҼãΪҵġҲǷδȻ·ʵڲǻؼҸֻ
ĺſǻίն֪飬Ҳ֪
һȺ˳·һߵ˶䣺˭
˵ʲôԼһӢҪĿˣˡ
ʫʫǰͷתͷ˵һȥһġ
ڳԵˣ׷һѺţʫʫϵǳǸ˲֪ô£ܾͷ͵ġ
Ⱥ˵Ȼ֪ʫʫһԣʵۺͻ̫󶼲֪
ԶھԪԲ֪ԼһѣǶˡʹ˶Ȱһ
תͷһȺ˽һ̫๬ŮǷ׷׹Ͳ裬̫ͻϴ·
΢һЩˣҲĪɽ빬ڣ̫ڶء
ʫʫȹͷ̫๬Ůڣƺͻ̫Źȥ飬˳Ҳ˵ʵııȴǣࡣ
軹ǶģԺȥ¥ģȥʹҵȡ
ӣҴȸʲô˸Ŷԡ
ʵһĶãͷһ÷˲̫ףԺûʺ븵Ľòǡ
ʲô
ƼҺ˲
Լʺ֣ѧϰһ㣺лͺú˵еûģͷһѣǲŽе˴¡


 174 

ʫʫ˵, ̫, һʱе㲻֪˭˲źá
һ֮ĸһ֡ˡĸоָоֻܹ, Ѳ⡣
ϸԽжо, Զʵ̫ܽ, Ȼ̫ԼͷҲ
ͷȫȺϷ̫ࡣ
ʵǰ˸ֻúûţĸǧҪɵ¡ʴδ˵Ҫ, ôļôԼ
̫ͷ
ӻ, Ҳ˵Լ뷨Ӻòˣڻ㸸ʶǵ˸͵㶫ͺá
Щ˵ĵĸȫȻû
̫ȨλòȤʱˣҾסȥ˳Ȼͺá
ʵæӦ
ʫʫ뿪, ʱԼѷֱ𣺡Ҹ, ⻹˺ţٲԪ¡
ͷϵϵϣԪԲ, Ҳ᳣ǻѰطס, Ҳ㽫λøһ
ʫʫʮһöӡ
̫ЦЦǡ
ʵۺٱô, û, ﻹǿĵġλ, ˿ûʵۼӣ޽ȻͼΣĸ¡
̫οͷ
߻ж꣬߷׷תϵķ͸ġ
ǲˣǶޱ顣
ڱϿЦ, ֲ˼ǰˡȫԼֱʾҪߣľҲˡҪؼҺúýһ˽¡
ޱ˷һš
˿Ļ̿
ûѣ˽Ҳ˵ˡ׼ҪĻؼҺúôһ¼ͥìܡ
ҪͣҪϴ
ĿԵڶϴõһ
ʹһ͢Ѫϴ飬ʹ赭дҹֻҪţ㲻ٽЩ˵ڡ
ʫʫҪţ̫Ҫжʵ۲Ҫá
ٴαɷƽ˾̬һͷ
ʫʫ·϶Ը֣ҪھòˣҡҪǲˣҾȥ
ʰãԼЦһ¡
ЦԼЦģּ
ʫʫͷ豻ӦҲЦˣǰ߸Ц߲ңһµڡ
˹ſڣʫʫһԼ˾ֱӱ뿪ˣŸһŸĻؼҡ
ս
Ҳûʲôرıʾһ·˵ֱ˻ص
⸮տյ
׼ķȫ֮ߣһԼһ£⸮ͻɿһˡ֪ʵ˻ã¸Ĳ˵ͼֲġһ£ЩǱĽ֡
ȥ֪ͨջظ˳ȥù´źӻؾȴȥտһ졣
˵ЩǣŸĵߡ
˹ͦǱľƣŸĻط䣬Լʾȥˮ
Ĳ
Լǰȥˮ
ϴԡĵطһˮţոʱ»ص䡣ΪôãܳʱûԼˮˣŪԼǱ·һѵĲҡ
賤úÿԽǱԽС
͵͵ƳһۣеĶܷ
ĻǸˡ
˲ηǸη䡣
˵ĵĻʲô
Ҹ
ڴߣߵ¡
ĵ֡
ĳߡ
Цһ֣˵һ䣺պˮˣƺõĻɡˣһ裬ܷɺܶࡣ
ɲ
˵ţʱ˺ܶ¡֪㲻ˣ£ұʵһƴ۸
͵ɤ˵Щίᡣ
ǰĺþúþãŰһ
ѽҼĸһ㡣˵Ҫվȥ¸һ١Сݡ
΢١
뻹ͦģҾšҳʲôҾͳʲôʲôͶʲôŶҪ·ǵöյ̿䡣
ģ
ʲôˣ˭ҪС·
ֺֺЦ㿪ڣûͦ
ʾһֱ
ģڸϣȫԼǰˣһᾡĳΪġ
ɣ
˵ţҺð㰡
⻰΢תͷ˷Ĵ
ϡ
Ҳð

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