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ɱѾѾСߵҴլſڣš
洫ŵʱȣѾѾСãԼ棬ɲܵˣȻү̻ҵġ
ѾѾɵصͷСƵػ˻֣߰߰ɣҿ϶ᵽܵġ
ҵŷŴ򿪣غһáȻϻСȳ˽ȥ
ҵ鷿ĽϸշǧģҡͷԵضţƣġӯ꾣šնء꣬
ѾѾèӣŵĿŽţ˫ץŴ¶Դһ˫һ濴
һᣬЦЦøСһ㡣
Ľ϶žڣҹ⡣ͣؽ潪̺ӵǱ衣ʱ
ѾѾءһ
ڶĽiŵ͵̫죬ŲСĲһ°ڣһҽţЩˤס֮ؿڡ
תԴĴˡ
棬ѾѾŶӣֵòУָˣˣ㱻ŵˡ
Ľߵصһۡ
üͷβ㣬ҸոǶ̫˶ѣ´ٱȣ´϶Ųҵġ
ѾѾ֮иģ˭ܰѶԷŵˣ˭Ӯ
ӮǸȵԵĵʱҪԼĵøԷԡ
˶ǺӣѾѾ꣬Ҳ꣬ÿγԵĵʱﶼǵǶԡ
һЩֻöԷٳЩĵذѵ
𣿡
ѾѾӴ˽Ľ϶棬ץźף˼Ľ˵Ļ
һ˫ںڵĴ۾һֱתתģԴ
ĽҲ£ֱ壬صͷ㣬˵ˣҪӵˣ¾Ҫ䣬ҶúʱңСΪǲġ
ĽϿ˵ѾѾĵ
Ұᵽ֮󣬻Ǯڴｨѧã֪ѾѾų
˾ͻǮȥѧﵱĺɡ
һԼҵ˵ĻѾѾȻ˫һͷãҵˣ˵Ͳ㣬´ٱȡ
ڱסԼĵġ
Ľϴһ
ͬʱѾѾһǱѾͷػôˡ
ѾѾ֪ĽﳰЦؿ˵
ĽϣһְɣѾǧĶѧˣд㿴
дɣҲѧˣҲд㿴˭дֺÿ˴Ҫѹ𻨸ó
á
СԴһ飬ſϣһ˳һŰֽëдд
ѾѾīˮպֽ̫࣬һպëʣ˲ͺһ顣
ĽϵСԴչһۣ͸¶ֺó󡣡
ѾѾ˫ֱסѹڰֽϣԼֵס죺ûд꣬
ĽϷ˸ۣͲ͵ˣ˵˵˭ֺÿ
ѧðһΣӡ
ѾѾ͸ĽԼˣҪһˣŽȥ˵ˣûһͶһӵĹ
˵һӣֻа˿顣
Ŀ𻨸⣬Ŀɽ髸⡣
СӳԶûнƣϲԵĶжپͳԶ١
Ϊֻ޶˳Եĵ
ÿÿ顣
˲ֲڳ̫࣬ϳԲ·
˹ˣѾѾ˵ؾԼдִչȥĸ㿴дǲǱĽϵĺÿ
ֽ϶һīˮǱһīˮ
ΪֻܿдŤŤ
ЦЦµģÿѾѾдÿˣȣĸȥϴ֣ϴٳԵġ
˵ţǣѾѾ֣ȥ鷿ŵˮ账
ͷŲϣ·ϣ϶մīˮѾѾڣģĸĽϵ·㻻һºòã·Ÿϴɾ´ٹá
ԣѾѾͷȵؿԼ·ѽôôˣ
ҡͷòãɩӻϴ·ġ
ֲִɾصϡ
ĹĵĽϣ˵ѾѾǿˣ۸֪𣿡
ߣĽƲֹţҵֱĺÿ
ѾѾϴֻԹԵŵģһǰ˿ģȻдֱĺÿ˵ˣҲĶԣǻһĿɡ
ߣ
Ľɲ˻ڿţֻܿٵذԼĿ˹
ģѾѾָĽһ鿴˻顣
ֱ̫ҪɽŴ߳
Ѿլ档
ѾѾһһܹȥ
ŵôɸϽСãЩҪˤˣү̸ҵﶼҵġ
˵ֿ꣬ʼüѾѾվס֮ɻؿ
ɣôˣǲ۸ˣңҰȥѵҪҽѵˣĽϸһȥѵҪ˭۸ҵĴֶӡ
˵ߣӡ
⻰ŮңŮһҶǰӵģ㲻һģϣǻϲˣ֧֣


2 

Ѿʮ꣬ѾѾꡣ
ԼСһҪΪӣ̾̾ȱȥɡ
ҪѾǴˣҪԼߣһȥǲ۸ˡ
ѾѾ۵ؽǰܡ
ɷӦæ׷ȥ
ռҲԶֻһٶ׵ľ룬ѾѾûһᣬͿԼſڡ
ǴʱҵǰȴΧˣò֡
ѾѾʶط˽Ų
׷˹
СãҴȥץٻɡ
ɳȥҪСȥһᣬҪôؼҡ
üŵ
áһȥץӣѾѾ˷ܵ˵һ֡
û˵꣬Ժﴫһҽ
Ļ˻ȥŵɫҰס
ҽ˼Σ˭ˣѾѾż壺ɣǿȥ类ˡ
ſΧ˺ܶˣѾѾôȥᱻЩײ
ǰȥӲͷƤȥ
ǿѾѾԾŲ½Ųóһ
һԲĸŮһ߿ŹӣһԺ򣬰Ե˵ţѾѾҷɶˣɶ簡
ѾѾüͷ˵Ļʱ򣬵ϲ˵ʲôҳ
綼ˣӦǼҳ˰ɣ
תת˵ɩӣҸչʱ򾭹ңʣϱСׯˡ
ɶҴҵıӣǷˡ
ֵس˳ȥ
ѾѾֿĴЦ׳ϱСϱӡ첻֪ǶˣɩǽķҪȽȥɩȰѷʢǳԣǳ꣬
ȻⶼʱˣҼҶӣҲ˼

㶣֣ˣˣͻԼҳԷǡ
ΨмƲƲ죺ѾѾʲô˼أǹǼҲ֪ʲôˣܲܰæզ˵ǹԷһ
ѾѾûֱӻشָֻţһģ塭磬һģ塭Ÿֶӡ
ãˡ
ʣµļֵĴ񣬶ʱԹԱ͡
˭ѾѾж࣬ǲǲ
ɢ֮ѾѾӴɵĻܹȥԺţֳѻ·Ĵơ
ԼҲ߽ȥ̽ԴĴۣȷû͵ˣžһ£š
תͷȥԺĳɵˣ˼ˣİˡ
м䣬׷Ŵ
Ժһʱֻʣ¶
ˣһҪȾȶӣȻĻѶӴġ
ˣֹҲõˡ
ϱɣɣɣ죬죬죬飬֤ԺҲĲˡ
Ҳˣұ֤ԺҲǮˣǾȾҰɡ
ҪˣҪˣ֪ˡ
ѾѾϣҲǼ̫̫һѾѾһ۴ɣɫŵѾѾ档
ﲻҪ鴦ٳԷ
ǲǶĲˣ
Ժһս̩ĻѾѾѾ˴ŵ顣
СӼҼҵģҪԡ
طԸ顱һϷš
ѾѾڷ档
ѾѾ죬Ĺĵ˵ѾǴˡ
￴һȦռСİɺ;Ҳڷ档
ſڿϣ͸ľؿŴ⡣
ѾѾЬӣȥࡣ
ֶӿСùˣֹظСðԼĻȻ˵߰ģΪͲͬˡ
ѾѾܿ˵ʲô
絨ǷˣȻȥĲ˶ķһӣҶˡ
ҪǵˣĵģҪȥŵ
һᣬѾѾ׼ȥ
һİɳ˳СãȥЩ˸˵ˣǵծˣҪǳȥǻץߵġ
ϻһЩ־塣
ѾѾһɵϣűӰԼǹ
̫ˣҲҪ뿪
⣬ս̩үӴ໵ؽС
ѾѾǵشӱ̽ԴƲסְԴ̽ӣһۡ
ɷĶķĴ֣߿һۣŵ
棬ֶӶûעʱѯʣһһҲ뱻ֲ뿴ŵѶҪô찡
һһѣʼһֱܴһ֪ôġ
ܼ򵥣Ǯˣķ˹ҪǮѡ
Ŷ֪ˡ
֪˽İ취ѾѾʲôˣӴȥԼǮ˽ǮóЬӣ򿪷ţŵŵŵܵ󣬳ϵѡ


3 Ƿծ

ѾѾôˣȥ
ѾѾߡ
ѾѾЦе̯ƣǮǰ绹Ǯɣ֮öȥ׬Ǯǡ
۾СŮϵͭ壬̲סĨúúãѾѾгϢѾѾ绹ǮöǮ
ϲЩʪۿ̾˿СŮطöͭûġ
ȥװŹвƲĺӺװżױӵĺӶó
ϣ
Ұˡ
ѾѾЬӣСߡ
һġ
ǱҲеֻжʮʮģļױʮģһӣʽͨóȥҡ
һʮʮӡ
һǻʮ
ӳȥҵүӣߣ˵Щ
үü˲ȥ϶׷ծˣǿ·ͻȻǼһʱҲòôǮҪȸʮʣµģ޼죬ٻ
ֱóһǷޣûӣԣǷϰֵֽдˣĻڣҪǣûӻǵСŮҵծ
Ӱӡ
үӽӹǷĻڣȷʵǽ졣
˵Ҳʵ
ͷǼͶҲû˻ӣ϶ôĹŮˡ
Ǽҵء
ǼҶʮˣɶء
үֶ˶϶ϳһ¡
ص̾˿
򼸸ϱǻж˽ӣóɣԺǮǡ
վԺݺݵصŵϵĶӡ
ŭ鴦ˣҲ㡣
˵ţʣµļӶϱ˵﹫иҵļױóˣһʮһ㣬ǰ˽ǮóһգԺǮˣỹǡ
ϴĵϱһ϶תͷŷȥ
ռҪ˵ʲôĽģＸȢļϱǺõġ
֮ദƽʱҲڿ졣
ڳˣһ˵Ҫ˽ӣһ۵øѪһҲ֪Ψһķӣû˵һ֡
϶ϱһԵš
ѾѾһֱſڿϣѴӳš
ϴϱ˶Ӻһӣһ϶ϱһӣһ׹Ͷʮʮ
ϺͼϱԺӣеӶүϡ
һԿţһڴ̽ͷ⿴ѾѾ
ԺһŮޡ
Ҳ֪ǿ϶үӵСŮ
Цζ˵ʣµʮӾͲǻˣֱСŮծɣСŮñ£ҪֵطȥӦʮ
ޣ˭ҴҹŮ⣬Ҿ͸ƴˡ
߹ȥѾѾͷ˽ȥѴ
ѾѾţһһֵطʲôطһСŮʲôðôܳԣǻǳ𣿡

һһȫһһϵͳԶʮһͣĴڼͥʦһ
ѾѾʼ͸һ顣
ѾѾĻһ֯ԣ͵ǸطһŮ˵ܿµĵطȥ֮󣬲찤һûзԣԼļˣԺزˡ
ҲҪȥҲǰҴߣӲô찡
ˣҪȥĽϽӣǼôóԵĵģ϶Ҳкܶӵġ
үҲ뵽ңǼ˵ȵһᣬȥӽ
Ϊ˷ֹڵʱЩ˻СŮߣүߵʱߵﱧѾѾһȥ
ѾѾڻԼɫڳڳģһһµš
˵ȥĽϾУ϶ǵģȵ赽ӻٰһòã
ҸĲС£ŵԺ󶼲ҶĲˣһȥɻܻҡ
úúãѾѾͰú磬Ժ󶼲ȥĲ
СŮүҪݺݵһ϶ľĸӼᶨˡ
СŮôɶ£˶ӣȻ
ӵĹ̺˳û˼׷ծĴ󺺣ϴģְˡ͡˳ȥ
Ժš
϶ڵϣͷҿԼļˡ
ѾѾĦȭƵ߹ˣ磬ұ֤ġ


4 ռҵļͥ

ѾѾĶֶ̽ţ϶ǲܰռ϶ġ
ҲǴ۽˰졣
˶ˣʣµĶռˡ
үϴ϶̧ݡ
Ѽ˶˹
һҳĶʮ˶Σؿ
ү̾˿
ڣ"εȻѾˣҲ֪˵ٶҲûˣԹԵģҪѵ϶ģ͵ˣȥѵɣҾֻҪ󣬱С
ѾѾ϶ϣһֻ϶Ҫ̧Դһ䣺ţˣ֪˲ÿ
Ҳ˵̫أȻҪ˷ȥˣǿԷֿ򼸴ΣͲô״ˡ
үӣ
϶ԹؿԼСã滳ǲá
ѾѾһۣ϶Ҳ׸磬ղҶˣǩǷҪġ
϶һ䣺֪϶㣬ô
ϵһ϶϶ԹԱ͡
үӽ˵ϴ󣬸ոЩ˹ֵʱ򣬴в˿ˣЩȥҽһ£ôҲ²⣬Ǽҵ
Ҫ϶ȥĲ鴫˳ȥЩûг׵кѾѾ
Ժ¶ò̸
Ҳ뵽һ㡣
ϴϱϣĶӴɺͶӱˣҪ˵ףҪǴ˳ȥĻйܿǼҡ
ѾѾ϶ԴһᣬҽʱѾѿֵĴﶼˣӦû֪ʲô顣
үӿһСŮصͷúãϴȥһ˰ɣһ򣬾һ
ռϴȥˡ
ʣµһˡ
үɫеѿ
Ҷ֪ˣΪ˻϶ĲǷӣǮǼ˽Ǯóˣʳֻûеյʱ򣬵ѧõҲҪ¸²ŷﻹǷʮӡ
Ƕ˵˵ǼڵЩʲô㣿
˵ӵ⣬һ˶
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үȷʵţļӶҲֻһš
ڴӵѧﵱһµҲֻһӡ
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ֳ¡
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һϱӣٹһͿԳ׵Сܣҧ˵ҾȥҹһŬǮѼӻġ
ң˵ϸۿһһ˰ȥ
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ү˫ϥǣ˵ͷֻˡ
ĻæǼϱȥɻУҲĸȥҹ
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Ͽүӣǰ϶ģɶҲ˵δЩ̫ƽ
ˣ᲻ֻòģ϶þﶼˡ
ģ壬ϴϱϱϱҲүӡ
ȻҲһ⡣
үһʱѣ϶֮ǰȥϵѧͽѧͽŵŻȥĲˣȥϣҲģһ
Ļүӻû˵꣬ռҵ˶ף˼޷˵ϻȥĲ
ѾѾʱŹ϶˫ֻأС˼ţȻ۾һ
ڿϣΪڿϣڣи⣬öȥץɡ
ץ㣿үӲͬššüģ˶㣬滹˻Ǯȥ𣿡
ҲҡͷǺСֶ̣ȣûϲԵģǳԲ˵˲Żȥץԡ
ռҵļС֮ǰҲȥץ㣬ֻζĲôá
ȣҲࡣ
ѾѾ뵽һһ˵Ĺ£˵ǿԳһ¿ûбܰúóһ㰡Ȼƹȥǵˣңöȥ㣬Ҳڼзǲǣ
һһкܶ飬ܶ඼ǴͼƬġ
оһЩǹڲ˵Ĺ¡
ЩͼƬŶܺóԣʲô㣬㣬ʲôġ
ոҲһһöȥץġ
үѾѾԴǾͰѾѾ˵ģȥץ㣬ȥȥۼҾԼԣҲʳܱźá


5 ⶫҲ

ѾѾĵϣٺٺٵţŶȥץʱҪĽһȥ档
үӵĻ˵꣬Ͽ˵Ҳũæʱ򣬼黹࣬ϴϱ϶ϱϱϱ˿ҲȥܲЩ
ʵڲУĿյؾͶ࿪ĶֵˣϼʱҲõȥ
ɶɼҲڿЩһ쵽ȥˡ

ռҵļͥүӺϻϷ
ļֵܿſϵ϶ȥһ١
˿ѾүӴ˺۵Ĭضһۣᡣ
ڼΪһֱϲǡ
ѾѾھȥץ㣬϶ȥˣֻûȥ鷿Ϸš
һһ졣
һһһӺܶ𣿶ȥĲһ¾һӣΪʲôǼҪóһӾôأ
ѵǼһû𣿡
ѾѾǵĽ˵кܶһǼԭĽϼôࡣ
һһʶ˺ܾãһһΪһ22͵ϵͳѾѾ˵ִкܶǮķӣǰһֱû⡣
õѧﻹܸǮĽϵǼҿ϶ĽϼǮġ
ڲŷƺ
һһĻ
һһ˵ЩĿ׬ֲˣô׬
Сʱһһͽͨʱ򣬲ҪֻҪţһһܹ֪
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ͼƬϿ㣬Ǹɵģɹ˵㡣
ѾѾɻˣһһǲңղƭңǴȥֻڴɹˣɹҲûðžͺӲҶ
ѾѾԻ·һһѾϰˡ
ֳظҸ㿴ɣǴ̫СˣҲ࣬ҲҸ˵ˣҲǺܲģɵҲ㡣
ȵɹ֮пŵϽ˿һζܺá
Ӻǰ㣬С̶࣬ʱûôζϣǴˣͶãˮһ£ξͳˡ
֪İ㲻óԵȥ
ԹһγζҾͲԸٳԣǸй򣬶ɵɽȥûʲô
˵ץҰҰõش
ҲȽϺñ棬ǿԳů͵ʱץһ㣬ɹˣȥ
Ǽ˵Ҳ㣬ҪҪĵ϶࣬ŷĻôŹ߳ȥ鷳ͶڵĻŪõġ
һʼʱڼˣóȥ֮󣬾ˣζҲ̫ı仯
֪ѾѾƷԣһһṩһ͵ķӡ
Ϊ˷ֹţһһһѾ˵ɵƬ
ۣ⿴źͺܺóԵӣֻҪɹ˾𣿡
ѾѾ촽۾һգգضͼƬ
ǣɱ֮󣬻Ҫһҹ֮ɹɡ
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˵꣬үӺϻӦŴɵֳȥ
ڳʳѾѾʹɹˣֱӾ˶ʢ뷹һԡ
뵽ռҷ飬һвˡ
ǼǰŰᵽģû֪Ǵģֻ֪Ǽкܶӡ
ֻ˺Ľ˳ԷϾʮˣлģصģҲ㣬ͱġ
һϷѾѾĽϵĿġ
ȵˣĽȥ鷿ôš
Ľ˵ĽϣѸһҪˣܺóԵģҪҪһ
ĽҲͱѾѾһ꣬꣬͵ĺʱ
һ˵кóԵģϾ
ѯʣҪҪô
ȵҶץ㣬ҵùҾͽҪǮҷɡ
ѾѾȻָ
һһ£Ѿֳ֪ʲô˼
ĽϼﲻȱӣҲûӣҪܹԼ׬ǮˣԶٵľܳԶ٣һ֣ͷӦ
Ľ˵ãԵöԲѾѾԼ·ôɱߡ
֪ѾѾʹҳ˷Ϻʹɵһһȥ˵̡
ǳԷǿǿɲôҲûģȥʱʹȥɡ
СôôҲô£Ժˡ

ӶˣҪ
ڶ죬ռ˶ñҪ磬쿪ʼҪȹȥŬ


6 

ѧֻһ죬ѾѾүӶҪѧá
ɣɣҲҪȥ
ڴɡɺѾɵͣүΪѧõҲñ˵˽ȨԼӶŪѧ档
ֻܰͨѧÑѼͻСе츳ӰŽѧá
ƣᰲųѧõѧʳ
ѾѾɰǶѧóʳڿ˯һᣬоϿΡ
ѾѾû˯ڴ˯ûע⵽ʱ
ĽϵѧòԶĺӱȥ
ҶӦþںӱץˣ϶ᰲŴɺͶɶڼ͵ģҲȥӱץ˭ץĶࡣ
ã϶ץñ࣬ʱõĵľҪһ롣
Ľ϶־
ѾѾҲ䣬۵سźӱȥ

̫ܵ죬ӱߵʪģֻݽȥ
ѾѾһܹȥһԵ
˺ץļˡ
ҲĽϡ
ɫསѾѾϣϣһڲˡ
Ľһ֮˲ˣָѾѾЦ
ˣˡ
ѾѾһӾͺˣΪһѾĴꡣ
̵ľǱ˵ࡣ
ץһ೯Ľӹȥ˵࣬һ㶼ࡣ
ңĽϵͷԼİɫ·Ѿһ顣
һ˲ץһ˻ȥ
ţ˲֪ôľںӱߴ
һϣȫմࡣ
϶ɣɣ˺þãӦæȰܡ
ˣãСãӣˣˣǺѣܴܵġ
˵࣬Ҳˡ
ңҲˣߣ
ͲҪ
úúãСãүȻؼϴ軻·ɡ
ɴѾѾ
ɴĽϡ
ֱȥռҺҡ
˵ҪĻû˵档
ʶż£ѾʮΡ
ҪôˣָӤһ顣
Ҫôһ̾ˣһʲôģóԵģҴҵȥԷ
ֻǣŪô࣬صռңѾѾٲҪ˵˼䡣
ûܿԼСãҲ׽ѵһ١
СͻȥѧãȥӱˣȻ㡣
вһ䣬ѾѾȥϴ軻·ͷ
˼䣺ǺѣǲԵģӵѧãǵȸǸ֪𣿡
ң˿ϴ軻·ĶӣֳԴ˵кӣܴŮӵģǵøѾѾǸ´ҪǿѾѾˤˣӦȷǳЦ֪𣿡
ѾѾĽͬʱҡͷСдܾңҸˣҲܸǸġ
Ϻˣ
ˣӵúԼɡ
Ҳ·ѾѾȥѧá
һߣĽϵСҲȥѧá
˵ļҺܽ·
ѾѾĴɵıȥȥĽһߡ
Ľϣȵңѧǻȥӱץץ϶ġ
ȥ϶ץûҶࡣĽϵ˵ţ뵽ʲôֿڣȥʱһ㣬ȻֻˤˣҿǱߵ·ߡ
ԣǱߵ·ˤҲҪһЩȻ·Ūˣ·ôףŪ˲ϴ
ɺźȻʲôûзһСֻ
¶˹Ȼ˵ı顣
ѧʱ򣬲ѾѾĽˣ˸ˡ
ԬԱĶӣԬҲŹˡ
ԬԱڻûгΪ֮ǰסڴ棬ڴլеأԬʰ֮꣬ǰһֱ϶ġ
ǰȾ˷纮ԬԱԬ˾Ͱش
֮ҲûŻȥȥѧ˰ĿΡ
¿֮󣬿ѾѾĽҪӱߣҪǹ
ҪȥץǰɣҸǰץˣһҼȥϼץأǿ϶ҵĶ֡
Ǿ͵Ұɡ
ԬʲЦųźӱȥ
ĽϿһѾѾ𣿡
ȡ
ѾѾصͷۡ׷ȥ
ӱߣ϶һں㣬̫ɹ÷졣
ɺͶɾڱϵĲݶţʱʱһ壬ͣ壬ץ㡣
϶Թؿǣǲ˵ץһЩ
ѾѾĽǡѾ
ɶŵһվ"Сãôֹˣ
϶Ҳ˵ѾѾϽؼȥ!"


7 Ǽн

ѾѾ˵"ҲȥһȥҾ͸˵Ƕ͵жȥ϶ĲԼȥŴɸһȥȻѵҲ
϶
ÿ϶ã
ɸżظѾѾ˵Сã㲻Ҫ˵ǲŲȥĲأֲǶ壬ûжôȥԶãɵӲŻȥĲ
϶
ĲһֶĿоȻɵӡ
εؿѾѾɣȥɱ˵Ժ󶼲ˡ
ѾѾٺٵЦЦһ͵ͳԵó˵Сһ
嶼Сûа취ɸɸǲ˵ʲô
룬ͬʱȥʲôûпҪүˣƹ塣
ûˣѾѾתȥĽ˵Ǿ￪ʼɣҿж
Ľߣӣá
ԬǱͿʼˡ
ץһ÷ཱུ۾ǿѾץסһˡ
ѾѾĽϿһۣϾʼѰӰ
ƶɵĸ첲⣺ĲС𣿡
һ«έһһ˺ţƲƲ죬Сǳܹܵˣ"
ɡŶһʬ塣
ѾѾĽҵ˴ɺͶߡ
ȻһӴǰιȥѾѾ۾һ˹ȥҲץˣץˡ
ѾѾջϵ·ˡ
ɳʹۡ
ߣץһҶץˡ
Ԭʵ⼫ˣץĵڶŵСͰ
ĽҲץ˵ڶ
һѾѾˡ
ŴɺͶɣ⵲ţҵˣǿԶһЩ
ɺͶĬĬվȥ˸λ
ץˡ
ץˡ
ץ
˷Ļ
·ӱߵĺͯ
Ƕ˹
һ뵽ץıС
ץˣץˡ
ץô󰡡
ˡ
ɺͶ̲סѾѾһץ

ϦӳһŻЦϡ
ѾѾĽϣԬǰһװͰ
Ѿɣһڵڵ
һ

ǣٴαС˵ѾѾؼң϶ͶһһľͰǺ档
·ϣѾѾһһĸ衣
ˮˣҲͣˣߵϡҵ㣬׽
òãȥ׽Сţĸ磬׽òãȥ׽Сţĸ磬׽òãȥ׽
ռҡ
ϺϿѾѾӣѵ˼䡣
ѾѾϴʱεص˵ıӣ⺢ӣɲȥӱˣˣȻɾϴ·ûˡ
ãļ·һһشǲֲ
ѾѾǼΨһŮӣ·ȻҪ༸
Ҳסһ컻Ρ
·ϴ˻׻
Ǽộ·
ѾѾ조Ŷһ
ڸһһ˵һһǲǮ˺ܶܶ·Ҿȥӱˣ
ϵͳӦҲô˵׬Ǯ·ܹǺõģȻЩ·Ҳÿ졣
ϵͳûʲôȥˣĴھΪҪѡ
ͨ£ȥҪЩʲôǻȥһЩкô顣
ͱ
ѾѾ˵ظ˵ɩԺһŬ׬ӣҶЩ·ǾͿһȥӱˡ
ϣ
˼ˣѾѾǸӣ˳ͺˡ
ǣͷãǿɶѾѾ·ˡ
ϴ裬˸ɾ·ѾѾɣɣɣһΧץ㿴
Сãץ˺ö
СãЩܳ𣿡
ǶѾѾǴ
ѾѾҲԼġ
һϰԵʲôһϰԵʲôҪش
뵽һһƬһһ˵ģܺóԵĻ
ѾѾͷܳԣһܺóԣȥԡ
̫ˣԳˡ
˶㣬ֶ̣СĶûгԹ㡣
ȫĵѾѾ˵Ļ
ѾѾȥѯϣǼн𣿡
һżһ룬׼򼦵ѾѾֻܳԵĵ̧࣬ͷɻؿʲô
ǿʳȥζİʱϽͲˣúܺóԵġ
ѾѾһһ˵Ļԭⲻظϡ
üǼ⣬㣬Ǵֲ̣óԣˣ˵࣬ԵС


8  ȥɽҽ

ѾѾˣǼҾȻûн
ﾹȻʲô֪
һһûнĻǲǾ˰ǵ㻹ô
ѾѾҪ׬Ǯء
һһҲǵһ磬һֱѾѾߡ
ȻûﾹȻʲôֲ֪öûǼýˡ
ֻϧĿǰҲָٱһϵͳûϵͳѾѾһý
Ժ᲻ҲǺȷ
ڴԽʱܾԼһЩ䡣
ڲЩʱҪҪѾѾҿн
ǵýʲôӣҲ֪ζظӦһ¡
ڷֽλá
˵ǴӺĻɽнУɽͷУҽһЩУֲֶģֳҲ죬ȥڻڼֲԺȥ

ռȻǳԵϡϲֻ̱˵ˣȻϡҲ˲ٵס
˵ĻԼֵĴײˡ
һͺһ¡
ΨѾѾǰһ˼ĵࡣ
ɩӣɡҲԣһ˳Բꡣ
ѾѾӸÿ˶ҨһףЦеؿʼԡ
Բװһġ
Աϴϼϱڳʰ
үӸһԳɫûȫ֮ǰ֮֯ġ
ϸϼʱ򣬾˭ȥܲȥ
ѾѾĹΣʹɼˮͰǰ濴㡣
ѴɺͶһԣѸ˵ˣĻһҪŽźóԣ֪ɽϾнѧ֮Ҹһȥɽڽǲ׺ɩ˵ȻͲǳԡ
ԺʲôģҲ档
˵̫Сˣȥɽ档
ֻ͵͵ȥ
ɺͶԥһᣬС˵ĺܺóԵ㣬˵ͷУʱǱ㣬㲻ܡ

ѾѾҪȥɽڽĽ˵ˣøѧϿεԬ
ǣѧ֮ȥɽϵ˳ѾѾʹɶ⣬ֶĽϣԬԼԶԶںСˡ
ԴĽںӱ߸ѾѾ˼ܰԼŪģҪȥ֮˾͸˸Сˡ
ѾѾ˵ɽϻкܶҰҰãŪץǣᵽɽ֮Ҳȥɡ
ûڹ壬֪Ҫôڡ
Ľϵ飬ѾѾüͷ
ҲץҰҰãܳʱûгԹ⣬׶ˣ׶Ե⣬øһԲԲġ
ԬʾԱߣӵؿѾѾ㲻ỹֶŪǶôˣҪ嶼ᣬҲ̫ˡ
ɣɣ
˵Ĳ
޹ǹ˵ĸо
ռҲû˴ԣûڹʲô塣
ѾѾڴؿһۣǵ飬ʲôˡ
ûϵǲᣬһһ϶ġ
ϵͳҺͼƬˣѾѾȥȻȥڽ飬Լȥˡ
ϵͳҵ22͵ͼƬ
22͵ĵѾ˺֣ܶҲһרץЩ˵֮࣬Ϊ˵ġ
塣
Щսǿֶץ˵ץֻҰҰˣҪڴһ㣬Ұץ
ֻǣСץҰҲԸ
ϵͳûѾѾ˵ôࡣ
ѾѾļԺܺãһͼƬָʾϾͼ
˷ܵظĽ˵֪ôˡ
ȣɣɣڸЩ֦һ㡭
ѾѾ㵸رȻš
ıܺá
Ǻܿס
ټСˣʱ֮Ѿں塣
һһѾ˵ʲôطŪãѾѾǼǰ
ѾѾڣɴ·
ӲҪӴɵıСں棬ʱʱؾһߵĲݣժһ仨
ܳԵĹӾôɶɸժһڡ
ϵѣҲ˳öȥˣ˼񵰡
ĵòˡ
˴һң˲٣Ҳ߬ŲٻݵѾѾ˵ϵͳ˵Ǹнĵط
һƬӲݵУ֦Ҷï滹ż佪
ѰĻζرأһװ׵ģźǺÿ
ѾѾһʱժһѽͿʼָŴɶȥڽ
ǰһ˾УľȵţǵȥˣڻȥֳͿˡ
á
ڽ飬ѾѾﲻæĽڱˣ
ǰʮ׵ĵطмȥѶժӦûᰮԵġ
ԲģƣѾƺܶ˶ϲȵġ


9 

ѾѾûгԹѣҲûмѡ
ϲĶ
۾Ľϵϵͳ˵ķȥ
ɶɿС˸ţû˵ʲôͷȥڽ顣
ѾѾҪȥȥ
Ľɻѯʡ
ߵ·ɽŸԶƽʱĴȽ٣·Ծ
Щϣס·
·ճ˺öԶӡ
Ԭʵ·ҲǲԶӣüͷ㲻˵ȥҾͲˡ
ѾѾͷѵζ˫˵ţȥժѡ
ĽϾϲӿ˽Ųѣ˵ɽѣ
ǴӾģھȻǳԹѵģܰԡ
ԬʼоǵݣǼ͹ѣҲ
ֻѲñ棬ÿ궼ֻһûûˣ˵ɽϾѣһҲû
ǰʮףգսһƬñǶҪߵĲݴ档
Ųݴʮף˲ݴԡ
һƬʮƽ׵΢տĵط
м䳤١
ѡ
Ѷ÷·ٶ˲١
ЩɫģвѾɫϺɫ
ۣѣѣöѣ
Ԭ˷ܵسȥժһѾͷŵһһ
ĽҲûסС˸ժһ˿ɾĵط¾ͳ
ǴûгԹѵѾѾ̵ġ
ΧתһȦ
һһ𣿺мѰôԽôʵ
ѾѾǵһοйʵôġ
ϵͳ͸ѾѾ۾磬˵ãһѵĲİٽһǧ͸ˣǽժˣȥ֮ժˣЩҲԼһûؼ֡
ѾȥĻһӣһأרֲѡ
ѾѾСϵͳֻϸһЩ滮һԺ顣
ѾѾʲôѾƣҲʲôֲʣˡ
ĽϺԬʶͶ̥һһһسѡ
ѾѾҲϵͳָʾժһĽһԡ
һڣ˫貵һ㡣
óԣһһȻûƭ
磬ȥҵֶӴòã
ѾѾһѣ뵽ɺͶӦںýˣҲ
ĽϵС˰æȥǴ
ǹ֮󣬾ͱѾѾժ¨ѣ»ᱻ˷֣ѾѾڵժЩҰݹѸס
һߵɽµʱѾѾĽϺԬʿ
ѵ鲻ܸ߱ŶȻȵժˣǾʲôûˡ
ĽϺԬҲǱ϶ǲܸ˵ġ
ǹʱûд¨
ժѶС·Ŵȥˡ
ѾѾھĽϼҵʱ򣬸˻֣ȥźö֮ϽҼϾɩˣԡ
ѾѾ˵㣬˽Ϳˡ
Ľٴһӽ͹ûнͲóԡ
ϵͳһ䡣
ѾѾ˶࣬ĵζϵġ
ѾѾҲĽϺˣôɺͶſڵԼĽϽլһߣһ˵˵ˣҪŽͲźóԣȥҳõ㽴Ͱɣ׬ӣҾͰѽǮ㡣
ѾѾҾ͸ԼһϤ
ȥ֮·ȥ˵һ޽˳
ռԺӡ
ѾѾ϶ɱ㣬ɱ֮Զ˵
˵ɩĨϣһ㽪˿ͷŵСӣ֮óˮϴлһ㽴ͣͣŴлϾͿˡ
һһ㶵ģؿѾѾѧզô֣
ռˣӣ˼ֱˮ˾ͺãʡ͡
ǵһѾѾ˵
ѾѾѽҵİ
Ŷү̵İԹôöȷʵ֪һЩǲ֪
ԶѾѾ˵ѵĽϡ
Ϳʼȥ
Ȼ˷ЩͣɼܲסСԣֻһԡ
ϰˣ˵رãֻҪ˸˵һҪôػԭ
ǣѾѾ˵ҪôذѾѾ˵ģһ
͵̡һ̣һ˵ģŽͣл㣬ζ˱Ƕ
ѾѾ϶ˡ
û뵽ô㣬⿴žͺܺóԡ
ŵؿԼ㡣
ԭֻҪһСӵԸŵȵóˣСԺͲˣû뵽ȻĳƷ
ԺҲŵζ


10 

ռ϶һʱ˹
ѾѾ˵Ǹ㣿Ҳ̫˰ɣⶼûô㰡
ɱģ֪ѾѾҪõʲô㡣
ζˡ
ɵɾŸ
Сã𣿡
ǼǽڵǸģ
Ľϻؼҷźö·ʹСѾѾܡ
һͿһȺΧڳſڡ
ؼ˽
ŵζ˼ڡ

óԣóԣһ㶼ȣһζ
մӵͣﻹŴζһڻҪԵڶڣû뵽ôóԡ
ϣռζһ۾
ĽϾռҳԷ
ŰװཱུϣΪ⣬ȫı顣
ѾѾŴĴָѾѾ̫ˣ̫óˣȻҵ㽪һȥҼҲȥץ㣬Ҽҳҳԡ
գ۾
ӽ̸Сõ
ôǵһγԵһ
ѲС˵Ǳˣ
ˣСôֿɰ϶кܶѵģбҲ֡
ϲپ顣
Ҷϲ㣬üҲ࣬ȥһݳ
ȵ֮Ľϻؼˡ
ѾѾүӰѼĴҶۼ
ǶţѾѾл˵
үѾѾԴؿ
ҲɻؿѾѾ
ȴ˵ʲô
ǾۼᣬϵĹҲû¡
ϴڱӣĸԺ񣬸ͷü¡
Ĩ֮ǰڲ
϶ϱСϸԺɨأɨ㶼û¡
ϱȥ߬ϡ
ϱæŸѾѾ޲ǰĥĿӡ
ɶɵɼһֱԺľ֣ᶼľӽ
϶ڳԹ֮Ҳźץ㣬ʱϻˮ
Ǽģһſϣ۾Ǳϵġ
ѾѾϣſϣ쳤ֹȥһ£磬лҪ˵
Ŷ
Ӧһ֣ӣ̱
ѾѾתһȦתү˵̫ˣ쿪ʼȥİɣĵÿֽ顣
үӶѾѾ˵Ļû˵ʱ
ʱҲǵͷУȥġ
һֱ壺Ҳȥ
ʲôģֲûеأ˷ʱȥĵء
ž
ѾѾϴŵԴ
һؿڣûǮȢϱˣԼȢϱȥ
壺ԼǲǸõˡ
˵ˣֱӣѾѾ˵
ѾѾѧүƽʱ˵ӣȡɤӣڣղǶԹˣҲֻ֪ҪúζģôӺҲ࣬Ҳûץ֮ǰҲ˵öȥץڻЩû𣿡
϶ȻƽʱЩֺУҵʵҲġ
οץϢϢء
ѾѾһڣ׹е˵ֻҪģ϶кܶ˻ԸģԴ쿪ʼһץЩõȥģֻǡ
϶Ҫô˵ǵܹúóأ
ǰѵǻҪôҶҪһôѵϣҲѳ˰
϶ϱСǸ϶վͬһսߵģ϶˵꣬Ҳ뵽ڡ
ԭ϶ͻ˼ôӣͺܲҪӶҡ
òҵһ·ӣкܴ⣬ֿʼ
һһѾѾҪô˵ˡ
ѾѾһ㶼żЦе˵ǾôȥƷǲ㣬ǼԶҪڼ˴ȥˣһ㻹ǻȵġ
ҪĻҲ鷳ҪҴɡ
ǿȰץɱãȻɹɸɣˣտʼʱǾڼȰˣõȥ
ˣζҲ仯̫࣬Գԣô
㣬˽Ǿʹֲȥ
ѾѾ٩٩˵ǵ
ռ˶˵һһ㶵ġ
ɣǽԳԵģһСѾͷôģ
첹һ䣬Ͽġ
ϵͳһѾѾ͵ĻѾѾ˵ôöû˵
Ѿе㻳ˡ
æڴߴٵ
ѾѾŴҵı飬ͷɰ˵ЩϿģһĽ˵ˣҪһģΣʱ׬ӷɡ
ң⣬һҪһѾȥǰǣӣǮҲɡ


11 ѾѾ۸

ԭϿģȻĺôܶࡣ
ռѾѾĽͻȻ
ֻܿ죬üͷѯʣ
нôó𣿡
ոճԹ֮⣬Ҫǲܰƹȥеϧ
ѾѾЦһĨеƻǸǿɰЦݣ˵ûóԣҲǺԺ󻹴ôģǿɲܸ߱
һһ˵Ǹʱкܶרĵꡣ
ȵǼ֮󣬾Ϳȿһĵ꣬
п㣬ˮ㣬㣬ʲôġ
Ҫܵġ
ˣһҪȥĽ˵С

գѾѾѧ￴Ľϣ˵顣
ѧ֮ǣֳȥ
ҪһȥκǻؼȥѾơ
ңȵȣ
ѾѾĽһһʱһ۵
ơ
ѾѾĽͣ½Ųͷ
ϰ÷׵ķɫ黨ȹСŮѾѾɻššüģһ𣿡
һסĽϸڵĴĹŮѾѾꡣ
ǰҲѾѾһ棬ֻЩ֣ѾѾǱӲǱӣ۾۾
һһ˵ˣ˵һˡ
ѾѾ֪ʲôԭ򣬲Ҳ֪ǿѡ
ûȥҹһ档
ѾѾϴŵǺͨ·С࣬滹˼
ϵ黨ȹҪˡ
һһӵ߹ȥѾѾĽмǵַֿغ棬˵ˣҵģ㲻ܸ
ѾѾɵˣֵؿһһǲǷˣĽֲǶԼİôͱˣ
һһ˵Ҫ˵˲Ļͻ˵ǲǷˡ
һ˵Ļͺܲ
һһѾѾߡһҲܣô˵ģ˵ˣǴÿĹӾҵģҲ档
˵ţǣĽϵ֡
ѾѾûκηһƵڵϣƿĵʯͷ֣Ѫҧ촽գ۾к֮ᡣ
ίͰ͵ؿһ
ĽϷӦس֣˫ֲãײһȥѾѾ
ѾѾôˣѾѾؼҡ
ѾѾϵѪżˡ
ߴԶԶѾѾȥ
Ķܿ죬Ľϸ
һߵʱͣһᣬ̧ţݺݵ˹ȥ
˵кӲܴŮӣŮӴѾѾǻˣҲõġ
ĽϺܿ˵Լ
ߵúܿ죬ûȥһ
ҪȥѧýСõģֻӱߵʱ򣬶ȥһͰ
׷ʱ򣬿ľһƵѾѾĳ档
ˮͰܹҪСõʱСѾĽϵ˴ߡ
ֻʣһ⡣
һĽײڵ۴ޡ
ɿһۣԥҪΪСñأԶԶϱչ
յصһۣݺݵһ䣺ٸ۸СãҾʹҰ˸ֵܣҵĸ㡣
һŵÿ޵øˡ
ۡû۸Ҷ
Ҫ˵ĽģѾѾҪĽϣôҹѾѾ
ϣĸɱİҹŮ۸ˡ
ϱҲһ׹ˡ
ߣҪҴˡ
ɴҴҹȥˮͰȥҡ
԰ѾѾ˺˿ڣ˵Ĺ
ΪѾѾˣΪ˰οû޶Եĵ
ŶĽҲûơ
ҪƽʱĽڿ϶ܸ˵ģһ㶼˲
дŭΡ
Լϲ𻨸ҲøѾѾԡ
ѾѾŸտ޹Сȭͷ˵ѾѾģҵȻٴ˹ȥúýѵһȥ˵ҲŲһġ
һ㣬ҲѣԺң˭۸㡣
۸𣿡ѾѾ˵ģӹĹĵģ¶ؿĽϡ
ûÿδܵʱĽҲûùġ
ĽץԴ˼һᣬЩԸؿڣԺǴܵʱҴһ㣬Ҳһ㡣
Ա̲סԴá
ԺѾѾܡ
Ŷ
ѾѾգ۾ɵӦţĸԺĽϲңҲ
ɱѾѾؼң㣬κǵĽϹ
һѾѾ֣֪ʲô飬ȫ۵Ҫ
ֶӻŹ׼ȥһˣϸ˻
СӴܣǻȥʲô¶


12 ȥ

ѾѾϵͳ̵ģһ˷顣
ŮΪһ飬еΪһ顣
еɱ㣬㣬Ůһϴѡ
ϴˮʱҵ˰չ͹ͿʼѾơ
ѾƵĲҲһһ̵ġ
ؽѼƣǲܰѸƤˣŽƵѷŵ棬һѾҪһǡ
һֱظֱչи˷ˣ㹻Ŀռ䷢ͣͿԸϸӡ
Ҳܸǵ̫ⷢ͵ʱ
ǵȴһһ֮ͿԺˡ
ռҵļŮ춼ֽڿ죬ɻˣѾѾ˵һ飬Ǿܹúܺá
ռչ޺ܴһչ޿װʮѡ
һʮչޣȫװ֮󣬻ʣһٶѡ
ѾѾǰЩ
ĽϺԬʶѻؼҵģ÷ָǡ
ʣµЩѾѾ˶ʮԼ˳ԣģүóȥ͸ƽʱǹϵõˡ
͹ȥʱ򣬿ɲܸ˵ɽժŶ˵Ľϼ͹ľˡ
үű¨׼ȥѵʱѾѾ˻һ䡣
ǼôɾͿЩѷ¸ˣ֮ǰɲ˸ѡ
кöҲܲ˷ϾƽʱкöҲָǼҡ

̫ɽнʱʱ䡣
ȥɽϿµ壬ѾѾĽϿҲһȥ
ѾһɽˣڶνɽѾѾĽ϶ߵúܿ죬˴ǰ棬۵ǰš
Ľϣǵж
ѾѾ̵ģĶҲġ
һ˲ݴԣȥµǰ档
һ壬һСһġ
ѾѾھվǸСǰ档
ʲôڣš
ĽϺܿ˹
ѧѾѾӣſϣ￴治ҰҰá
ѾѾһ飬˷ܵǣڵȥץˣץˣ̫ˡ
ǵץˣðð
СģǱߵСĻôɶɶӿ˽ŲϹ
ﻹûȥǻ˵ѾѾĽϣ˶ѾѾĽվһԡ
ȻɴɺͶɻһ飬Ū
СһֻҰøֻҰ
ڱժЩȸá
ѾѾĽϿţȥǸ塣
СȻࡣ
ղֻſСûע⵽һ߹ɣɣ˶ɵˡ
ȷӦɶ˵Ƕ˺һЩȰҰɱˡ
˵ţӿȴһذףҰѨ˹ȥ
̵ѨҰ漤ҵһᣬЩ
ڴɺͶɴӾȣ˷ֻܵŵ˫Ȳ仯УҰһԴڵϣò
ˣΪҰҪܳˡ
һš
ɶŴĴָãȻһͰҰˡ
ֻã׼˵طû̫ࡣ
Ұϣذ׳ŵ˲ذ׷Żصԭŵĵط
кŴɺͶһ飬Ұϳ
һͷҰٶһݵϳһ˵Ҫֲġ
ֻϳˡ
ɺͶɻûô
ǻץҰϲõУûʲô
С岻Զ˵ʱѾѾĽϾ˷ѾżֻҰҰ߹
ϵҰ˫Ĵ۾ɵôġ
ѾѾǵ˵Һҽ̴壬ȻҰץ
ĽЩЩĽؿѾѾ˵ͷţ棬Ǳһ㣬û£ڱĵطҪȡȸ

ҰȻɱģѾѾģҼֲҪҰ
ѾѾֻҰøһֻҰĽϴȥ
컹ûкһҰϻȥռҡ
ռɽŽȥʱҲ
ҲĽؿ˸ҰȥҲиǼʵҪҪ峤ȥ˵˵ȥռҵ˸ַС
û뵽صռɱʱүѾ
ڶϴҰȥ
ǼһǷ˲ӣͲˣֻܹһˣҪǲУȥϣпǣʵڲУñЩˣɲܷžˡ
ϵͳүӵĻԸ˵ȥϵĲ¥ղգҰζѵãһĴ¥Ӧöֻһյġ


13 ϱȥ

ϵͳûѾѾ˵ǣЩС˵Ͽġ
ǸʱͺиģЩݡ
ѾѾϵͳ˵ĻκεĻɡ
Ȼϵͳô˵ˣ͸ү˵ôȥ¥ʣӦûһֻġ
ү°ͣ˵ͷ˵𣿡
Ӵȥϣ·Ҫһʱ
ϴǰϾȥ˰峵컹ûڼ׼
ѾѾſڿϣƿ˴ԺæµĴ磬̾̾
һһҲȥ棬Ҷûȥϡ
ѧˣԸһȥɡ
ţҾͼ˯ȵѧȥԺ϶кܶȥϡ
ϵͳο£ѾѾܺõڴϼ˯
һһ˵ҪСҪú˯úóԷܿ㳤ġ

ѧʱһμϢʱ䣬ѾѾͻĽͷͷ˵
ҴȥҰˣǻӦǺ«˺öമһؼңҸһ㡣
ãҼҳԵĵģҲĲһЩصҷˣȵǺ«ҲһؼңҰѵóԡ
үһѧɣԼСŮԼڶѧ˵Ļ
εس˳ǡ
Ȼȥ֮øӸϱ˵˵ҪǺúÿѾѾˢС
ѾͷǳôĶݿɱԻ˲źá
Уȵ϶ץҲöЩȥҲС
Ҳ֪СѾͷҶ˱˶ٵȥˡ
Ѿˣȥģϴȥ⣬ûʲôжºȥæץ㡣
үӵ˼ҪܹǮ֮ǰҪܵضץЩ
ȻȵҶ֪ɻ֮󣬿ץ˾ͶˣǾͲץˡ
ɹ˸֮Էźóһʱ䡣
ץ⣬ɺͶѾѾȥѧ֮󣬻ɽȥ²塣
ǵɽҰϲɽߡ
ռҵǶæµˡ
Щڴ˵
Ĵ£модϱһռ۸顣
˵ţҾ˵ˣռ϶֮ǰĲӵ϶ģȻǿռҵôһӾЩûõĶˡ
ȥץģɽܵģ˸Ұָ˳ԣǵõȥˡ
жȱӰôѳԵ㶼ɱһ
ǼǸѾѾǸǸĽһ飬ҿĪöҵ⣬Ů˼ӵͯϱ˰ɣ
ڿ˵ǸѾѾأҿҲ֮ǰ˵ˣǼ϶ȥĲӣǸ˼Ҷķ˵ˣҪѾѾȥծģ
ϱԽ˵Խ𾢣˵˼ĭ
ռ϶ԭúúõģɴҲ˻ȥϣķſڵʱ˵¡
صʹ˿
ŴϱĻõĴ񣬶Щֻ
ΪǴ˸ҰķأҿҰǻӵģҲѹǼҾСӶȥɻˡ
ռҿûˣԺǼڴﻹҲôקأүڴѧ飬ΪһȵģڿҲˡ
Ҫ´ҶУҿӦþͲͬӸһˣĲˣһξеڶˣ֮ԺֻЩʲô
ѧѧѾѾĽܻؼңԺʹ󺰣ɩɩɩɩҴ𣿡
ѾѾ˰ϴϴģɩȥˮǻûأٵȵˡ
ĨֹѾѾš
ѾѾһ绹ûǾûóǺ«ˣſڶˣϺɩȲȥˣȥĽϼ档
ĽϣȥҳԵİɡ
ãҳǺ«
ĽϸѾѾǣһһ뿪
ϿǵıӰεҡҡͷСӣúúÿݲˣ
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˾ֻ׵ľ룬ϱֺרģûзǣ˵ĭɡ
ˣɵСռСѾͷˣǶǰʱȥ϶Ĳ˲ˣ˵Ǹ˽ӲŻϵģиʮ˰ɡ
СѾͷӣſܾΪǼҵӹģ˵ƭӵȥǻǮˡ
ǼһͲһˣǼҿûǷκӵġ


14 

ǼҾͲһˣǼһƯСˣǼҲûǷκӡ
Ǽһˣ϶̰ͼҵӵġ
˵Ǽһôڿ찡ÿڼҸɻҲռСѾͷ
һҼҵģڼѧЩ񣬻ȥʲôѧⲻ˷
ֲܲμӿƾٲǡ
˵ĻѾѾĽϵĶС
ѾѾ𾪵صɴ۾
Ľϣûо׶һ˵ô໰
ĽϰһѾѾ
ص
ڵصǸ֪˭Ů˵Ǽһǵͬʱ˳㻹̧ԼҵĹŮ
ɵѾͷȻпȥ˺
ֱС鳰ˡ
ΪͥʦϵͳںѾѾ
ѾѾĽϣĹĵزƾʲôҵ̣Ҷˣӵİ취㶼ûġ
ѾѾĽ˵ʱ򣬴ϱͣ
֪Լ˵ĻѾѾˣȻû˿˵˱˵ĻͱץθС
ؿˣڣˣƣѾͷ˵ȥѧöأҲ֪ʲôȻôûн˵ԼӴ
ҽЦЦ
üͷ
ϱΪͬ˵Ļæ˵øˡ
ˣҿڸ˵ɣٽӽˣҲԼʲôݣҲ뿿ӣǲҪ
˵üͷøˡ
ϱϵЦȫѿ
мؿһѾѾû˶ϲٸһˣϽ뿪޲·𣬻ܵҲ°Ūࡣ
ΪҸǼһöȥԺˣҲ֪˶٣һ߹һζģϽԶһ㡣
˵˵ţϱȥ˵ˡ
ȥѾѾ
ĽϺѾѾǰһߵϡ
˵ɫҲ׳
ȵˣҸϳȥԺҲӭֻҪҵſڣ͸Ҵ򡣡
ϱѾǸˣǸеλĴˣĽһţҲԾɲɽ
˵ĻԶذǸѾѾ
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ĽϿѾѾŵģһܺõӣеɸֵع˹ıӣ㶼𣿸ոǸŮ˶˵ˣ
ڹǼңΪʲôҪң϶ҽѵİ
һһ˵ģеʱܸһеģֲǹ
Դϱں˵˵ƽϵġ
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ԲҲӣгҪУ
ѾѾĽϸճһӵģĽĵóꡣ
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æܹţסɱԺӵѾѾĵضţСãһ㣬Ҫˤô찡
ѾѾرסϣϻֺǺǵЦţˤˤҿɴˣ϶ˤġ
ɩأ
û취ͷͷָͷָָݵķ򣺡Ƕء
Ľϵʱ˵ȸѾѾȥɣЩǺ«ǽȥųЩ
Ǻ«
ѾѾĽϵȥ
ϳȥѾѾŹţռҵ˶ݡ
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ĽԼҲʲôס
ѾѾš
ϴҲŰͳǰѴϴǺ«óˡ
ҰǺǴģҲСֱʮһǺ«һǮʮһǶʮġ
ֱѾѾĽϣѾѾľŸֶӡ
ʮһСŸԵǺ«ڱţϴǽ˶ӡ
ЩǽҰӣľ¥ζ¥ˣҰһٽζ¥ͬöʮһļ۸ˣӡ
ϴӽ˳ŵϡ


15  ҾȻûѾѾ

ϵӣռ˫۶ʱһ
ǳüչүӺϣɫҲ⡣
ү°ͳţζ¥Ǻ
ʱ˳ϲԷ⣬ˮ࣬һõķҲʮʮһ
ҰѵãҲǹǮʮһҲࡣ
ϵĺܶಿλǲֵǮġ
ˮЩ
ζ¥һͷȫնʮǮһĺܺˡ
үϵӣĽֿһȺӡ
˵ǼǷҲӣЩǮˣӦҪȻӲŶԵġ
ֻѾѾ˵ǼҪʼ⡣
㣬ѾɶģҪǡ
ѾȻѾˣֻ㣬֪Ҫΰͣ»Ҫӵʱ
˳㣬Ŵ˵һˣЩٻӲС
ӵ˵꣬үӻ˻֣ôȥɻ
ѾѾĽϴѾѾһȺֶԺӣһ߳Ǻ«һŹڵϱȻ
ĽϣѾʼѧϰˣòá
ѾѾﺰһɽ髣ؿĽϡ
ѧǻûʼģڻʶǧĵĽ׶ΣĽϿ϶û
һһ
һһ֪ܶǶ֪ġ
ҲᣬɣöԲԣٽ㡣
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ܣô֪ô
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ǡѧʱϰ֮ϰһѧʵĻãҪʵҪϵط˼ʱصԼ벻㣬
Ľһһ㶵ģʼڻɣѵԼûѾѾ
ΪʲôѾѾ˵ôеĻ
УøŬضС
Ȼؼˡ
뵽ҪȥĽϲѾѾͣٵسǺ«ͳżܡ
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ˣˣҾͽдְɣȥˣûսǣǾɼǡ
ѾѾ׹ȥżСֶڵϱȻ
ɣɣҲѾѾѧɣ˻дԼ⣬ҲдǧļдûǺҲϰ
ļ඼ֻϰдԼֶѡ
ռãıīֹֽ
¿ԹĸѧãȴҲûжȥֽŸ֡
ǰúˣүӲŻԼıīֽһЩһ֡
ɣôôֶд
ѾѾСʦƵıѲߣǰ漸ֶֶдúúõģеʧȵߵСľʱϾЦ
ѧŵƽʱϿεӣھͷá

ɹ죬ڸˣѾѾæһһ̵ķڳָţ
ȰϴɾԶԶԣ
ŵһЩ˿뽴͡
ԣ˾С
ζƮʱռæµ˶ϵĻܵ棬̽Դ￴
ζ㣬űʵ˻㡭


16 ֲ

ճȥԭ۵ֻ̯ڿϵҲþٱ
վڳſſˮ
϶ץģҲԺӪſζѾʼɵЦ·ѾܹԼδ㻹ծܸȢϱӡ
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̫̣һֱڹ̵ۿ죬Ҳû³
ȵӦ¶֮󣬿ʼؾ׽۾˴Ĵָɩðúóԡ
ͬʱҲϵͳ˵һһĺúó԰˵ĻҪóԣ϶úܺõġ
ϵͳ˸ۡ
ܲó
һҶ֪ʲôˣ²ܼһλȡ
ȫǻģˮʮģǿ϶úóԵġ
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ԼСȸϳȥ
˿϶ȫɵ˵ԣóһȵԶ֮󣬲һ̳ȥö
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ռҵʱ䡣
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ΪӵĽɹ죬ȵ淢ʱѷһ飬õݸǽб´ѿ
ѿһ׵ʱͿԽв֡


17 ״ν

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18 ζ¥ٶ

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19 

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20 ̸

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21 ɩҰӳ

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22 ͷ͵

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ϵͳ˵֦ڵϻ˾ŸӣǴҪķӡ
ӿƣԶմд֣һá
ھһʵλôһΪ㣬ôҲȭŶ˳
ӡʯͷƬɳľ飬С֮ڱſƵĶС
ѾѾ־ͼ˿ʯͷӡ
Ǳÿһ˳ǰʯͷʯͷԽ񣬲ѹߣˣֵһߡϷ˭ռ÷࣬˭Ӯ
ĽѾѾǸһˡ
ûһĽϾϷ淨
ѾѾһ
ͬϷ淨ѾѾҲǼ˵Ǽ̫ܶˣ˵˺üζû׹
ֻһԿѾѾĽ档
ſţҲ֪淨һ˽
ӵʹһ±仯Ϊˣĸˣȥ׼Ӳϵ˶ͱʮһϷ
Ҳˡ
ϷʼѾѾãʱ˽ʱ֮۵һƨϡ
ĽϺܿҲ۵ߡ
Ҹһİ岻֪˵ʲôӡ
Ľڷ͵ֵĻüͷ
ѾѾǲǸ۸ĸˣТӣôڲŸ˵ųˣһǸ˳㲻ڵʱ۸ĸǸô죿
ѾѾˣƨɣĽϵ֣ߣڸϻȥǸ˴򵹡
Ľ˵ǸӦòǻˣ׵Ļ
ѾѾ˵ˣֻøѾѾܡ
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⼸ȻеģɶҲǲġ
ŪʲôõĶɽժóԵҰӣѾѾƭͷ͹ȥ
ȴһеĳ
Ǹеǳ¸ڴҲһͦЩΪ¼ҵļҾ˵ҲŵΡ
˼һܶһܳһ⣬ǳ¸һ¾ܳΡ
˿¸͸һе㸻ġ
ҲҲʮ߰ӣûгס
˼Ҷ뷽跨ԼҵĹŮ޸¸󣬹⸻ӡ
Ĺ޸¸Ҫ޸ĽϵĶࡣ
ϾһѾδˣ޹ȥͿԹķ
һȻӶ࣬ɻǸСӣ˵Ҫ޹ȥǲܵ£ˣҲǸͯϱѡ
Ҿ˵һͲǸҲŻᱻƭˡ
޸¸ߵû˵ӵһ顣
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Ĺĵص޸¸ķ
Ľеز𾪵顣
Ҳɴ۾ԶһԡŮ
磬ʲôʱȥҵǵ£Ҫٲȥ˵ĻǾͻҼ޸սˣҲҪ޸ֻܸһ顣
ҶĺӿҪסˣȥҶ֪ġ
̧һСؿų¸
¸üͷЩͷؿڣٵȵȰɡ
һЩ***顣
ѾѾĽûȥ
ĽһѾѾкǣֵĳ棬˲ðѾѾͬм
ǵؿѾѾѾѾô죬Ҫ˵𣿡
ѾѾһۣûؿڣΪʲô˵ھȥ磬ǣһˣƭ
ѾѾ˵ˣ޲ܾؽ͸Ķһ
һžͲվţžͲŵڿˣĵЧʶȥ
ҪܳӸ˶ǿˣ
ȥֹ
ϵͳѵڿҲǸ
ѾѾҪڿһʱȵȥ˵


23 ȥ

ϵͳֻʵʱѾѾһЩָԵ
ʱ䣬Ԥ̫ࡣ
ѾѾߵȥ塣
û뵽УʱҲû롣
ϾĳĵĽҲŸȥѣóȥ
Ȼǲܷӵġ
ֶ֪ǶӣĶĵ
ѾѾĽ߹ʱڻĵѲһ飬ͷ󺹵³
磬ҹ
ѾѾһȥǸ·ߡ
ϴŵĲ˵ϣ´ڲϣɻؿѾѾĺףѯʣѾѾҪȥİôСıˤ˰Ȼȥǻҵġ
ѾѾĲЩͣ
ĵؿɽ£ߵ·ɲߣ忪ƽЩģĵؿɶвٵʯ顣
磬߿㣬ĥĥģ˶ˣʱҲ򲻵ˡ
ѾѾԼƺΪʲôһһˣʵ̡̫
ɻˣɽŲҲӿ˲٣ɫýǲ۸ˣ˭úýѵȻö۸ǲ𣿡
ǲǴӵģǴﾹȻô۵ˣǲļֶӶ
Ҵˣҿ϶Ҫ
ѾѾԼצӳ˳ߣӣݺݵȭͷ
ѾѾԥ˻ᣬ˵ˡ
һ£ߵܹһЩ
ĽҲû˵
ֲ磬ѾѾûͣ˽ʲô
˸˼ܿ͸ϵѾѾǸղŶŵĵط
Ǿ˶ᾭֻ޺ͳ¸󶼾Լ˸㹻صĵط
˺ܾãҲû뿪
ֱѾѾֳ֣Ƕûв
۸𣿡
忴ˣʶؾ;ÿ϶۸ѾѾ
ɫѿ
󲽴󲽵سȥ
ѾѾںȥ֡
Ľ̲סѾѾ·ôû˵°㿴ȥͷˡ
˵ʲôѾѾ˸ֲۣϹӣԼῴ𣿡
һôôĽϡ
Ľôһ˲ʼԼ̡
뷨ûгã˶ǰס
ôǣޣôһ飬ǲ۸ˣ¸ҵʲôˣ֡
ڵعڿ޸¸
¸ֻ޵ֱϡ
ʱŮܲ׵ʱǷˣһҲֻڹ֮Щ֫Ӵ
ʱҲᾡײһġ
˵¸֮ôǵġ
¸󲻽û֣Ƶؿ壺ޣô֪ʲôʱˣޣ˵أҵģģ
޸ոձͻȻðŵع¸󣬱ӵؿ壺ս۾ϹûҸԸﵷʲôҡ
жҳԣ˵ʲôģôܻġ
ҲǼʲôиĲĶ磬ծ˼ʮӣ˵ˣǴҲܿġ
ҪǻҪģԼȥ˵ˣǲҪٵǼȥҲҪȥ˵ʲôġ
ڿ;öġ
˵ʲôЩԼĶ䣬ô˵Ļ
㲻ҲϲһĶ㶼ܸ˵İ
ϲһ飿Цֻ۾ϲһˣ͵Щûת־ˡ
ھ˵ˣԺ󶼱ЩˣȻǿ⣬Ҳʲô󡶼ܰѲҪġ
磬߰ɣҪٸһˣ㿴ֳģ;öġ
޼ס˱ӣų¸Զ˼
¸ؿ壬˵ԱκԶҪɱ
ѾѾĽԹСȺھڱϿţѾѾֲ´ػȭͷ
磬ǣһƭ㣬һƲ㣬ݺݵشǣûˣǣֻҪǲ˵϶û֪ġ
ǸŮ˶ﻳ˺ӣ˵ҼҵҪģǣҲ϶ҳȥ˵ģ뱩¶Լ顣
ĽϿѾѾǳ˳顣
ԺѾѾһʱһҪ˶ĵط
ȻҲ֪˭˵ȥϾѾѾ֪ܵġ


24 ӳ

ս㡭㡭ʲô
һرƽ޺ͳ¸ޱǲµģѾѾĻŵֹס
¸һ飬ؿ塣
ȭͷյÿ졣
ЩɢĵϴһĨЦ㰡ö˵ҴǣҲ˵ȥģҲɵ
ѾѾ˵ǲǣ
廹˼ѾѾһ䡣
ѾѾ㵸ԶԶԣǰ׳գҪ򣬴֮󣬻Ҫȥ޸¸û׾ˣĴҪô֪
Ľϣ
ȻԺҪСĲܵѾѾѾͷе㸹ڡ

˳¸һ٣еݡ
ȻƽʱҲҪɻģȳ¸Ľʵ¸ͲĶ֡
޶кӣܴӣҲسϴ˼ơ
ؼ·ϣѾѾѯʣ磬ҪѹĻȥܸòã˵ģʧ֮֮ѹΪµ黹ûпʼѡ
ȵϲϱˣͲˡ
ϵͳ˵ĳЩ£ҡͷԵתš
һۣңͲܵСȥĸСôԵģ
ԼΨһãһ˵һЩֵֹĻڿԴԴŵĶЩʲô
Ľһһصͷ
û̫ˣС
ѾѾĹĵصˣĽʺޣҲ˵
û͵ռſڡ
ϰѾѾṩ˽ӣӵζԺƮѾѾ
ѾѾһڣ۵ؽ϶ǴɩѽˣҪؼҳԽˡ
ɱŻؼңĽϺҲ
ѾѾ˰ãýˣ㳢ǲ˵Ǹζ
ڴŽӣתͷһۣѾѾִԱ˸С롣
ѾѾװһӣŵϡ
ճе̣ȴһٳԡ
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ѾѾɵӦţ˸СӵһԵĹҳ˿ӡ
ܵӱߣŸϵͳһģһĽӣٵؼһ
ճĽ̵һӾð˳æѽ³һӿ
ϰѹһ̳
תͷһʱЩΡ
⺢ӣ˵㴵һٳզôʵˡ
ѾѾͶ̺죬ֻſޡ
Ͽ۵Ҫæһˮ˺ˣȺȵˮͲˡ
ĽϺߵñȽ
ǹʱѾѾѾˣֻȻίͰ͵ϵĻҭͣ
ĽüЩؿڣ𣿳Ըᱻ̵
ʲôʱԶᱻ̿޵ġ
ѾѾֱ׳ȥ
ﻹһĽϣ϶ûŻᱻʳ̵ĳʶ֪
Ľ˻ᣬڣˣᱻ̵㻹ᱻ̡
˵˭磡ѾѾϵݺݵĽϣ磬򾰡硣
˵СȭͷȥĽϡ
Ľϱˣôܲ֡
ҲȥѾѾûһ˾Ť
ϸ壬кռˡ
ɵۡ
Сʲô
ôִˡ
æȥȰܡ
ԣѾѾصĽϣﱧӣңҲҼҵĽӡ
ֲģɩģ˵ҳԵġ
ҽ̴ɩġ
Ҳɩġ
Ҳ̴ɩɩͲ
ɩġ
ûңɩ
ɩġ
㡭㡭
ѾѾ˵ĽϣίҪǰĽϵһ˹ȥ
Ƶһ룬ӣؼһӣŵԼһ䣺ĽӱҵĶ࣬Ҳżһġ
㣬ɩ˵ˣҳȥʢġ
ԳԵӣĽϺܺ˵
˶ͷڳԽӡ
ռҵҲڳԡ
ͬһʱ䣬žǳһӵʱȥˣ˷һĸп
óԣóԣ
ƤģһҧǽʵϺ̫֭óˣҴûԹôóԵĶ
ӿҲϲ죬װֵģ鶼á

Ľϳһӣȥʢһ룬ѾѾƵģҲȥʢһ롣
ĽϰѾѾһۣŽӣ뵽ʲôôóԣҪȥӦûкܶԸġ
ھǶûгԹӦûôֹʳϵЩ˼Ҳ볢ġ
⻰Ϻ~~~


25 

ӣ
ռҵ˶㶡
ϣģķӦġ
ҪǸǰ˸˵ĳʳõȥ϶ǲŵġ
ֻڲһ
ǼѾɣ
һǰ붼ģһû˵Ķ
ȴܸǼӡ
ӸǱԵ˲١
ЩЩѯĽϣľܹõȥ𣿡
ĽϵͷȻôóԣ϶кܶԸġ
ãȥԡ
Ľ϶ô˵ˣҲȥһ¡
ø˻мһ¡
ѾѾĽһ˳ӣÿ߰˸˵ĶӶԵԲģֱ̱ڿϡ
ռҵҲûȥǡ
ҳɲѾѾĽɶ¶ɡ
ǻýȥ֮ǰûиĻꡣ

ֵҪѧõӡ
ѾѾڴϲϵطȥǲȥѧ
һһҪܲȥѧأɩҪ׼ȥӵˣҪһȥϴȥϣҸŻ㣬ҿʲôû浽ء
ĿǰΪֹһȥϣ綼Ӧȵʹġ
ƯֱӰǼҵָ꣬Żûʲôûй䵽ء
;Щϧ
Ǻ«ˣк̣ܶȥ
һһ˵ҪˣǲǾͲȥѧˣ
Ҽǵϴβ˵ʱ׾Ͳȥѧãڼ졣
ҪԼأ
ϵͳ˵شʱ˿ѾѾκ⡣
ѾѾĥôԼŪ飬̲סڣҪˣﲻѧãȥϡ
Ҳȥ
ԣȥϣ㻹Ҫȿҩ
ҪҪҲҪˣȥѧá
ֲȥϻҪҩֲŲ顣
ѾѾȥѧˡ
ϿεʱһֱϿĶ쿴ƯС硣
ѾѾдһ¸ոս̵ļ֡
үߵѾѾǰӡ
ѾѾ͵ػعվԼǰĵŵòϵȥ
¾ԼĵѧСһ
үܿѾѾ˵¶Դû˵ϿξҪú
Ŷһġ
ǿջ˼ѾѾϢ
ĽϣҴɩϰ˺öڼһȥԽӺòã
Ϣʱܳһʱҡ
ѾѾĽȥѧõʳķʳѾѾܡ
һţѾѾʳеݸ׼ŵĴɣԡ
ţһˣҪԽӡ
Ϸһ߳ųѾѾСԴ⺢ӣôëë꣬Ҫˤô죿
ѾѾͷЦţˤˣ֪϶סҵġ
㰡˵ԼıСŮ
ǣ֣ѾѾ棬ʳнɵĽϣ˵Ҳ˰ѾѾᣬȥЩӳ
ģǰڡ
ٳŵʱһЩڼ
ռҵ˶ûóԣŸѾѾԡ
½ӻ˶೤ʱ䣬ûһϾͶӹ
ѾѾĽݵϣһӣӴţȻڴڵ档
һۣӵζ۾
Ժ棬š
ѾѾɩϹȥš
޵׹ˡ
ܴ㣬仨ˣЩֵĴײ˹ǳ
һԺĴɤš
զôˣզȹ£仨ȥˮ
仨ǻϵĹ
ũûʲôӴˣһ˶Ƕˮˡ
ϻ֪֮飬δҪΪ׼ҵģʶó˽Ӵ˵߹ûȥһˮ
ϰ״ݡ
ӱϡ
ѾѾĽڳԽӡ
ѾѾ̧ͷ޵ס
޵ѾѾĵ֮ǰñȽ϶࣬ѾѾȻǼǵǵġ
ʶüͷ
޵ҲڴѾѾ
дѾѾǰĽӣȵؿڣѾѾԵʲôƺܺóԵӣѾѾҪٳˣʣµľ͸԰ɣﶼûԹʲôöҪ
޵۰Ͱ͵ؿѾѾĽӣ˵ţֹȥҪѽ
ѾѾŸճҪĽӣ޵ףʱͲſ׵ϡ


26 Ҫ

ǹڷʱ򲻳ԷȻ뵽Ҽ䷹𣿡
ѾѾգԲĴ۾ؿ޵ס
ɫһºŭСѾͷϹ˵ʲôҼֲûԣôᵽ䷹ǿԵȽʣҪһ¶ѡ
ŶȻѾԷˣǾͲҪˣһûгԷ
ѾѾ룬ͷԡ
ĽϿһ޵ףҲ롣
һСľͻᱻĳҪŮ˰ѽӸˡ
ǡ
޵׿ֿϡ
ֻܺסˮĻϣԸ仨ȥ¼Ӷ˹
ˡ
ˮһں֮󣬿Щ߸ϵĿڣģҹ˵˵޸֮Ļ¡
ǼҲһֱϲˣ޽궼ʮˣǻԳ޵ġ
Ҳûġ
֮ǰȷʵҪ޹ʮٳףҲûôҪȻҶˣǾ͸Ͻ°һ죬ǳ˰ɡ
ڳ׵ƸǼҲҪʮУǼ޻ôСͼ޵ǼˣױǼҾͲˣ׵Ҳһڰ׾ǡ
һ˵
Ļ˵һ룬ϸѾѾǶɵˡ
ѾѾĽˡ
һһ޲ǻ˳¸ĺô޸簡Žѵǣѵ޻ȥû˵𣿡
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һһǸС˵ϵͳ
ܾȷظѾѾһ𰸣ǼӦϲ
ϲʲô˼
ϵͳ˵ֱӵһҳ棬ѾѾԼ
޸׶ûȻǼӣУҲ
ѾѾÿٵذĽӳ꣬Ȼվϣ˵УҲͬ⣬ҲͬȢޣ޶ﶼ˱˵ĺˣҲҪҵɩӣҲҪñ˵ĺӵҵֶӡ
ʲô˵޶ﻳ˱˵ĺˣ
ϸվ;֣𾪵ؿѾѾ˭˵ģ
׶޸¸˵ģĺӾǳ¸ģˣĽϻ綼˵ġ
ѾѾĽҲˮ
ĽϿϿ˵ͷţҲˣѾѾȥҼҵʱ·ϿˣѾѾҲ˹
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Ҽ޿ǸԺӡ
ֻҪϳףƸԸٵ㣬ʮʮС
ϰѾѾ׵
˵ĻŶŵġ
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ϱ׵Цˡ
ۿƭˣ˲ͷſ˵Ҽǻ˱˵ĺԸ޸Ǽ壬ǾӦøжµġ
ڻ˸ӣҲ鱣ˣǾӦùǼ޲Ŷԡ
ǼһȺҪиĲĶӣﻹծôһӣԺҲŮ˼޵Ǽˡ
Ҳȥңҹ˵һµġ
ռҾûծ֮ǰҲһﺢҪмѧѧͺòȥ
ռ϶Ĳ»Ǳ˴ȥ֮ռҸˣǰﻹм˼ҪѹŮ޵ռ
˭
Ȳ˵ռѾûˣͶĲ£һλеڶΣ˭֪ʲôʱֱһծˣ
ֻҪϴӦ޼޽ǻúöԴҲϺ޻ؼȥǶϣڻǿ޾׵ġ
׾ãǼԸ޸壬Ӧ͵ЦˣǴŸӼ޹Ҳʲôġ
ԺһӸռҲˡ
ϱöҪվȣҪѾѾҪιȥˡ
ѾѾϳȥʡñ׵ĻŪ˶䣬ѾѾߣҪ϶ס֡
޵ף˵ôãôأҪҪҳȥ˵һ£ߴ޶ﻳ˺ӣ˭ȢȢһһûõ˼һȢ
ҲȸԿҪòǣ
˵ŶĽգգ۾һȥ˵


27 ȥɽڲҩ

Ľط˸ۣӦһá
ǣ֣׼ȥһ㡣
ŵһӾͼ
δ׾ͻеڼ˵˵ˣҪóȥ˵ˣǼҪҪˣ
ҿɲֻôһӰ
Ůһӡ
Щɶǻûг׵ġ
Ƕһ״һĽϸѾѾǰק˻
ܴ㣬ôŮ𣿴˵飬һСӲʲô죬Ҫ˿ˣٲ˻ΪԼֳȢϱϺء
׹ظ˵š
ѾѾ˦֣رɵػһ䣺̳ĹŮỹδ׾ȥ˱˵ĺӰ
ɫһŭӵ죬˵ķݡ
ҼңҶ˵ѵ˵ˣ
ѾѾֱ׳ȥ
˺ˣѾѾȴӳȥ棬ᴦġ
ְѻϺʾϰѾѾǴȥ
ѾѾڼ΢ᡱҪϳȥĻᶼûС
ԹԵشĽϳȥߵſڵʱ򣬻޵˸
ײ㱩ߡ

Ժ棬ѾѾĽ϶ǽ£ŵϵϡ
˵׵⣬Լأ첻ǻ˵ˣ𣿡
ֲޣô֪ҿǻȻѧðɣȻҪǼҵˡ
˻Ҫȥѧõˣ߰ɣȥѧҸһ֣ڵдñĺÿŶ
Ŀγ꣬ѾѾĽΪ˭ָÿһЩ˼䡣
ѾѾʰʱ뵽һЩ顣
Ľϣ˵ǼھôȢϱҪǼøǼһǮˣƲ𣿡
Ӧò˰ɣǵ˼֮ԻƲǼҾΪȢĲӣǼҸծˣҪǼҸǼһȱˣǿ϶ǼһǼҵġ
ҪŬһӡ
ѾѾСȭͷɫޱȵؼᶨ
ϵͳѾѾǰδеļᶨģڣʱ䣬ҪҪ׬ӵĻȥɽߣǴӵĺɽвٵĲҩЩժɹõҩȥӡ
ƷãϡȱĲҩɻҪֵǮ
𣿡
һɻֵǮѾѾ˲ĽϻڱϾ㵸سѯѾѾ
ĽϹؿ˵ʲôģ
ûʲôĽϣɽڲҩɡ
һһ˵ܸ˵ĴڵģȻͻҪһ˵Ľ϶ܡ
еĽǰ档
ܵѧ棬ĴɺͶʱѾѾԼĲͳʮǮɡ
ȥ⣬ʮǮˡ
ˣҪ⡣
ѾѾԼԲƴˡ
ҲǸӣһ˵Գ⣬Ǹתȥڵˡ
´׼ѾѾ
ɣɣȰҰûؼңȻ״Ҫȥɽߣ˵һ
ѧ߳ѾѾֱӰԼ˹ȥ
ɣ
СҪ
СǳúίҲʲôʣʲô˵ֻԹѾѾźɽȥ
ѾѾʶҩǼӦû˴ҽİɣ
ĽҲţɲ
ѾѾŵظȻѻҵġ
Ҷûע⵽ѾѾ˵ѻģΪ˵Ѿ̹ˣͷ
˽̹ͺãͲҰβˡ
ӽ̫ɽʱ䣬ɽѾôɹˣѾѾѾȥεɽϣЩ
ɽƵʸˣ·ԵľԶӶ˲١
һ·ѾѾĽϵ·ѾûմʲôԶӡ
ѾѾе㲻ˣҪӴɵıݴ˼ԶӣժմĽϵ·ϡ
Ľϸɸɾ·մŲԶӣһˡ
ĽϿ϶ҪֵģҲȥժЩԶӹ׷ѾѾҪϡ
ɽһС·
ܵһƬ͵ĲݵǰʱһһסѾѾ
ѾѾͣ½ŲҲĽˡ
ؿΧ˵пǮĲҩôֻһƬ˰ݺǴƽʱιİ
ѾѾϳ˵ϾƽʱιݣЩһһǲŪˡ
һһһֱӷ˲ҩ˵ͼƬ
ƽǰ׳Ƴǰݡһݱֱ߶ʡ̡Ҷ״ƽԡбչֱ
ƽǰȫ꣬ζʣԺȡĿ̵ĹЧ
ʳá


28 ץ˶

ҩİǴЩ岻ͺܺˣôҩ
ѾѾҩ˵֮ˡ
ϵͳѾѾԳǰݱйһ£ȻǰǲҩҲģɽҰǣԳǰݲֵ̫Ǯûв´ĻһɹɵĳǰֻʮǮˡ
ҲܶˣҲʮǮѡ
ѾѾǸˣֻҪӾС
ҳǰݶడضǵġ
ÿôǼȥժһЩһֻɹһһҲİʮˡ
ϵٺˡ
ѾѾæкȥժǰݣҰѳǰݵҩЧ˵˳
˳ǰ⣬ҲԷչĲҩɽϻĲҩģЩȳǰֵǮ
ϵͳѾѾֱӾʹԭذβݣһ䡣
ѾѾҡͷܾ˲ˣǰݾӾͰγǰˣĲݿ϶ûгǰң̫ˡ
˵ţѾѾԼھˡ
¨հνȥļݣɴһĲݴš
ָŴǰβݡ
ֱкö࣬οһЩһЩ
ɣֱҲкܶࡣ
ĽҲѾѾߡ
ָӵ
ѾѾͱС֪ˣҲҪӣεĳǰݾԼġ
һ㣬һҪˣȥӣҾ͸Ǻ«ԡ
̫ƣɽϵĹâԽذȥ
̫Ҫ׳ɽʱռҵ
ɣôСôؼȥⶼʲôʱˡ
УϰݸʲôǼû
ѾѾ磬ռ塣
ɸɶڰݣһơ
̧ͷϵĳǰݣͣС˵ҩģõҩȥӡ
ӣ
һ˾
Ȼӣǿ϶Ҫúðεİ
ļ룬ѾѾӪûһֶһǰݡ
ۿɫҪˣҲûɽ϶ֱɽظңŸԵĳǰݡ
壬ɣɶҪųǰݣѾѾֻԼߡ
һռҵĴſڣѾѾͼӿ첽Сȥ
ܱţһˡ
ﶼվſڵģɽѾѾܽˣҲûϡ
ѾѾʱ
ѵ޵׻ûߣ
ڲҪȥϲ
ѾѾܵһɨѣݡ
Ҫ޵׻Ͱܡ
ܽݵѾѾ۾ĴתţҲû޵ףݴֻռҵˡ
ҿѾѾܽ㶡
ѾѾҲһ֡
ܸܵڵǺܺã϶鷢ˡ
ѾѾӵɨѣߵߣϣϣؿŴңѯʣǲǶȥĲǷˣ
һôԼͬسͬı黹϶ȥ϶Ĳ׷ӵʱ
϶ͷǴͣûоģѾѾĻʱ̧ͷѾѾ˵ȥĲͿ϶ȥˡ
ǶĲ䲻˵İǰѶֶ˺òãֻҪֶûˣǶԺĲĲˣҸֶǶᱻˡ
ѾѾԼ˵еˣҲ϶ε϶ΪȥĲˡ
ӿĴȥҲ˵
϶
ȻѾѾ׸硣
ѾѾҪſڵʱ϶ԼĻĪˣæѾѾ˻
εԴ֣ûȥĲ֮Ի鲻ãΪץ˶ˣȥץ㶼ûץʲôˣӦǴҶ֪ɵˡ
ô֪˰
ѾѾǴҲԼȥ𣿡
ǻ᲻᲻֪ô㰡Ҫȥǰɣ
һһ˵򵥣һó֮󣬺ܿͻᱻðˣһҲ⡣
ռҵҲ⣬ֻû뵽ƷȻ֮졣
ѾѾĻүӣһͰѾѾ˵ȥߴôɣôҰζ˷ˡ
ΪʲôǼҺò˸Ǯ·ӣһӾѧȥƾʲôҪȥǣ
϶Ҫծ壬Ȼ󷢼¸Ȣϱͷʲôġ
ô˴ļƻյġ
үӸѾѾĻҲ
ѾѾһۣ磬пȥĲĻ໨ʱɣô򵥵ĵҶñˡ
϶ץ񣺡˵ˣûȥĲûȥĲ
ҪǵڣѾѾץһ٣
ŶˡѾѾ޹Ӧһ䣬ڸǽ͡


29  ڶȥ

˵ˣҪǼֻƲܴĻʱ䳤ˣҿ϶ἵǣͲǽˡ
ǼҷҪæʱҲ϶ûԸæġ
⻹ӰǼҵ
Ȼô򵥣ֻҪȥһ£϶ҲģǵֱӽɣһҲмǡ
ԺҪЩʲô£Ҳվߵġ
Щһһ˵ģƾĿǰ̻벻
ûô
үӵͷʾͬ
רͷѾѾѾѾʲôʱѴؼңѰôæӦԶٷġ
ѺæģûʱԷ
ѾѾүӵĻһ
һһ˵ܱ¶ģôԷ
ĻүӶܶˣÿѾѾǲĻش
үҲ͵СѾͷʲôʣԷĿûټ֡
Ժлġ
ˣҽȥɽ˳ǰݻ˵ҩݣõҩȥƷõĻʮһģ⼸ŴǶȥժ㳵ǰݻɡ
ѾѾûѳǰݵ˵˳
ռ˵ʹŵԴ˲ؿѾѾѾѾ˵ģ⳵ǰĿʮǮһ
ţģô˵ģҪɹɵġ
Уϳȥժǰݡ
ոΪԼʧȥ׬ӷӵ϶һӾվܡ
ȵȣʲôʱˣȳȥŪ
үûذ϶˻
ɵľǰ棬ռûɹһһȥϴ˼ɹɵĳǰݵҩȥ
ȸҩȷȷʵӣԸʮǮһļ۸ȥ֮󣬾ͿʼżＸѧõֶȥɽҰժǰݡ
˿ˣЩ֣Ҳû룬ЩţҲΪռ̫ˣÿʼʳ˶ѡ
ʼͬ
ĳǰݺܶ࣬ռôȥڣʮʱҲڵ߰˰ˡ
ãڻĳǰɹɹɡ
ڳǰݵѾѾûиȥȥѧãǴĽڴĴתơ
ڴӵĴ˵޵顣
ԭͲų¸˳¼ҡ
˵֮¡
ԭĶﶼ˳¼ҵĺӣ¼ҿ϶ͬȢġ
¸һ֪ô㣬ûг׾͸˹ϣҪúвǼңֱӾһɨѰ޸˳ȥ
ԣ¸ȢһҲȢޡ
޻ȥ֮ĵ˵£˺޵׵ѾѾ顣
޵ĶӺܿͻȥˣʱҪһ˳ףȻõѡ
ҵҺǰ֪޸¸飬Ȼ˵绹ĻȢ
ѾѾһҵı顣
ҵǣ֮ĸҲǺ
֪޸¸֮֮Ҳûôѹ
ֻҪֶˣԭֻҪֶӵ£ڻҪˡ
ѾѾĽ棬ص̾˿
ĽϿһۣ̲ס˸ۡ
ҲԼͣȥձ˵£ŵۡ
ˣĽϣҴҪȥǰˣҪȥǼҵĳǰɹûʱһȥɡ
ҪҲȥĻһȥͿԸ˵Ľ϶ȥˣҪȥȥ㣬׿϶ͻȥˡ
ѾѾ൱ãŵʱȥϵóǶЦݡ
żӣѾѾ֮͸һɶѡ
ѾѾĽ֮ĶԻȥ
̲סЦˡ
ѾѾǿɰҲѹǼôһȺ˶ô
ѾѾ֪ĽϵͷˣϾĽϻؼȥˡ
˵Ҫȥϵ֮ϰѴɶɺ˹Ҳȥ
ڶ죬ܳʱ䣬ѾѾѾ·ڴϴת
Լӣ֮ͿȥԼϲԵĶʲôʲôҲˡ
Ľ׬ӱ࣬ҪĽһȥʳС
ҪĽŸˣʹһѸӵĻøҪţ뷨ȥʾ䡣
Լʡžõˡ
ϺСϸ緹˾Ϸʱ򣬿ѾѾſڴǰ۾⿴š
Цȥ˳
⺢ӣô˯ᣬȥϻЩʱء


30 Ҫ׬Ǯ

ϱѾѾصԼķ䣬ѾѾͷ
С˯ʱǶ˵ģѾѾһͷë˯øͷһ
ʱһЩġ
공ǰ֮ȥӻˣͷϴ̫״ˡ
ţһסߴģ֮ǰ˽ǮôҲɩһӡ
ѾѾͷϰͷ˳ǣ۾Ҳøһ
ɵ̲ס
۵˲ð˸ӡ
ѾѾؿϣɩǲǲˣ
һ£ѾѾıӣɵӣ˵Щʲô
ϰѾѾͷִˮϴԼԺŻȥţת˳ʼ׼һ˵緹
ĽϹѾѾʱѾѾոճɩĽӡ
Сһ䣺Ǵᵽҹ
͸Ľһҡ
Ҿ˵ãĽҲҪȥϵģȥѾѾǾ͹ȥ
ĽϼҵģѾѾȻĽѺãΪĽ֮󣬾һֱû뿪֮ûѾѾӲлҵġ
վҵǰŵľµĻ֮¶ܰİ衣
ѾѾ˫ģ˷ܵؿĽϣĽϣƯǻƯҵҪƯ
ԴѾѾϻ֮о;Ưʶ
ĽüͷƲͷߡһôǼҵȣǼҵԼͼȥġ
ЩǣҼȥһ̨ġ
ۣԭƵİ׺Ҿ׿϶ҪϴλСڹˡ
ѾѾ֣̾ؿ
˵ĻĽϵһӴɽߴֱӵɽµ״
ǿػ˫֣͵Ǵλľڹ꣬һ㶼ϲСŲҪС
ѾѾһ
ΧһȦİ֮£
죬ȣ̵ϯһȥġ
ܶӣмһŲ輸
輸ڷ˵ĸһԼӡ
ĺܾ£ѾѾƽʱϲԵǼȥժҰջɹɵġ
滹ǡ
Ѱ˼ҶԲǣȴൽԲꡣ
ѾѾһЩ۾Ʋˡ
ǻûйǲԵġ
׼ҳԵĶõȵ˲С
ĽѾѾԱߣˣڿûеʱҲȳϵĶ
СһһϵĵĸĻˮ
ռϴ϶дɶǣܿͱɹõĳǰݹ
ѾѾһ˼飬Ϳʼ̻ʵس
ĽϣԺ˺ܶܶӣҲҪŪһǼһԺȥϵʱҲسԶˣõҲȥϡ
ߵһ룬ѾѾԱ֮˵ԼһĿꡣ
Ľʱ򣬺һһǧӣڵ԰ܵһǧˡ
һǧ
ϣ˺ѾѾ⣬˶Ҫվ»ֵһǧˡ
ͬʱţԼôãǲ׬˺öأ
ѾѾͷãҾ׬һǧӡ
ʻ̸ǳ˳顣
ôˡ
һǧһζ򲻵
ȲҪ࣬ƽʱ·һʱ·̣ڲСʱ͵ˡ
Ǻ«ǮһֺóԿ
ƤӰϷݿʼˣҪĿ˸ϽŶ
ԼֻҪǮһˡ
ϤĸֽѾѾ˷ܵ⿴
Ľϣ쿴ְϵ˺ö࣬Ǳ˵ʲôƤӰϷƤӰϷʲôԳԵ𣿡
Ǻ«ˣǺ«ˡ
ϵĶ̫࣬ѾѾۻңһȤһҪ
һָָߣһָָǱߵġ
ĽϰסѾѾȤĶ˵ҩǾȥ
ððĽϣǰôֵĵط𣿡
ֲֻܿȥ䣬ѾѾɴ´ˣתĽϣЩؿ
ĽϣȥǰסĵطֶˣʲôʱҪһȥˣҾʹһȥкܶóԵĶ
ǡ᲻ͬ⡣
ѾѾҧָȥĽ˵ĺóԵĶЩǼﲻȥ
Ҫܿ㳤ͺˡ


31 ȥζ¥Է

ϴ֮ǰǰϵͬҩһγǰݡ
ҩƹ˵ˣﻹɹ˲ٳǰݣƹͬȫù
ΣֱӾͳͬùȥ
ͬڶҩ滹һת˴ҩ
ѾѾϴĽѯʣ磬ôһʼõת˴ҩȥǸҩҪҩӦøӸ߰ɣ
⻹ʣ϶Ǹת˴ҩƲˣ֮ǰϸ˴ܣ˵ЩأҪȥת˴ҩҩûȥͱĻƸϳˡ
Ҫǰѳǰõȥ˵Ҳ϶ᱻ˸ϳˡ
϶ԱƦƦطŰ˵š
ѾѾ̫ţϴ
ϴ˵ͷ
ҩҩŲΪôأĽϣ˵ҩǲǺܹ֣
ѾѾתĽѰͬ⡣
˵˵ţʲô϶磬㾹Ȼϸ˴ܣһȥҪߵס
϶
֪Ͳ졣
ԼΨһһֱû׸翴ġ
ͣͬķҩſڡ
ΰĽϸѾѾ
ϴ϶ں³
ѾѾĽһͳͬܡ
ҩóһҩζĽϣҩ﹤˶ǾȻһ쵽ôζ
ѾѾ˵⻰Ľϱʾޱȵͬ
ҩﶼһŵҩζһܲˣѾѾߣѾѾعͷϴ϶һ磬ҸĽǡ
÷ԸԾ˳ȥ
̨ǰ棬Ϊ̫æڳ䵱Ƹץҩƹ񣬺Ȼһһɤ̧ͷԴһۡ
ǹŵЦ⣺һԽͯŮ

ϴһһٶʮﳵǰݹȥһǧ˰Ǯ
ȥĳǰҪһЩֻʮ߰ʮġ
һͰȫĽϣĽһӳ㣬ǰҲ˲٣Ǯһһ롣
ллү
ӹӡ
ѾѾԱ߿˿ϴ֡
ϴЩԺ֪ѾѾڸʲô
϶һЩֱִϴĺɰ˶ʮͭĵѾѾСϣѾѾ̫СЩָͭ컬ϡ
϶ѾѾ󣺡ץסˣǸڳǰݵıꡣ
ѾѾһĽϵӣҡͷҸǳǰǮģҪһɵӡ
ѾѾԼڵĳǰݱȽ٣ֶ࣬һӷ̫ӣһǿ϶Ҫġ
һǧ˰Ǯһɾһٰʮġ
϶˼ѾѾԴСӼҼҵģҪôӸʲô
Ҫԡ
ѾѾ˵ֱ׳
һĽһȥʱĽϲŸǮֿİʾҪԼˣϵȻԽԽá
ܼң糤ô󣬶ûԹôȥԡ
϶ԼڴԺúýѵѵˡ
ѾѾؿ϶磬㳤ôûһӣҪǻôȥԣ׻ġ
϶
Ȼϣ˵ʵ
Ȼ˵ˡ
϶ɴǶʮǮѾѾС棬ٵ˵ͶʮǮҪҪ
ѾѾԼѲãתһȦڣԼȥ˵˳͵͵˴ܵ¶
ϴպãͬؿһԼĶܡ
ɺͶ˫۷ؿϴ䡣
ϴɣǳˣÿ˶ӣڳǰݣҲ˲ģȥָ̲֪֮Ƕӡ
ɺͶɶ˵Լӡ
εϣҲӳġ
⻹ǵһԼϾܴӣῴʲôĶҲˡ
ѾѾһԥҪߵȥ䣬·ȥܿʱһѾѾмͣǰ
ӱһԲԲģи¶˳
չչӣҼҹȥζ¥֪λԸ
ԲСߵˣѾѾ͸˵ػ֣ɸ磬ƯҲ𣿡
ĳ÷ʵԣǳ鴤һ¡
һ˱˵ƯʵЩ
ֵߣһǻӦҲ档
ѾѾһӾˣæͷƯҲڵĻǾȥζ¥ɣĽϣһȥɣƯɺÿˣҪ㿴϶Ҳôõġ
ƯСף
ĽüͷҪܾ룬ȥһѾѾеƯжƯ


32 콵

·
Ľðһ仰
ȻûָգǴҲ֪Ƕ˭˵ġ
ѾѾһ£Ͷ䡣
ԼǲǶ⣬ˡ
׷ĽߣԴĽϣô˰Ǻܸ˰Ϊ̫̫ɹ𣿡
ҪһֱϲҪȥ˺òãȵ̫ɽٳ
Ǽôã̫ղһģء
ɵɵһкôɹ
ĽûѾѾһ
϶ѾѾΪѾѾ˵ƯԲ˵ģȻѾѾ˵Сô죿
ңֻһĲ˶ѡ
ĽϱˣѾѾеˣ˵Ľˡ
ȻĽˣͿԼúķ羰ˡ
ζ¥ֵĽֵϣϵĽˡ
ѾѾٹĽϣСڴ⿴
⸽ʮֻ֮ôһΪϵرࡣ
ֵĽϣ˸࣬ݡ
ѾѾǵڽҪŲܲȵˣ߷˱˵̯ӣߵػ
ѾѾȴӸˣߵͿԿøϸˡ
ȻעǰһȺסΧ˶ܹȥ
ӣ﷢ʲôˣ
ѾѾסһϾĸˣѯһ䡣
Ŷ˵ǰ氡˵ҽȢϱˣҹǸɵӣϱŵĵһͰϱϴģҶȥš
׵һʹϱҹǸˡ
СѾͷҲ˵ˣһøŹȥء
˵ĽŲûͣȤɾǿˣôÿ֣϶ǲܴġ
ѾѾҲȥ׵һʹϱж໵ؿĽϡ
Ľıӣͣ
һ׼ȥ
˭֪һŴɫǳ
Ľϣϴ϶ɣɶ뵲ѾѾǰ棬ⲻ֪Ķ˵ѾѾ
һᣬ˲ſɫ塣
ȻһżµĹ
ﳤúܻ飬ȴÿ޶Ҫÿࡣ
ѾѾĽ̽һСԴɻؿǰѯʵǸӽȢ𣿡
￴һѾѾ޺񣬵ͷǼ棬һܾ㤵顣
ȻֱѾѾǰ·
ѾѾ۾Ͷɴˡ
·Ķܶ࣬Ѵļѵ֮˲ſʵҲġ
Ҷһ
ûã
ͣҲҪֵİɣǲȥˣΪѾˡ
¹󷽷˵ţ˹ĿУߵѾѾߣֱ
鷳Ͼͼݳ뿪𣿡
ֿڡ
ϵļˣʵǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
һ֮ĽȷӦ
ѾѾҲܿͻָԲĴ۾Աߵİؿš
棬ź
죬죬ץסٷˣˡ
Ǳȥˣȥ׷
үţץˣ͡
ڣ˿¹ƺЩʲô
ѾѾգգ˵ӻǲΪɸˣҪߣ
ԣǸɵӣǸбɵӣұҴĸƭˣֻ˵Է̫ԸСһܹԺģڡ
ôССģһҾƤȳһ¡
ֲɵӻ
ֲǼԸһˣĳľһ
¹˵úߣ˵˺֮ܶ󣬷Լҽˣһ䣺ǸҽаǸ׼ҴĴҼȽҵɽҩʱϻҧˣ֪ҵ֮һزѼӶˣҪһҩѡ
Ҵĸ˵ˣֻҪҴӦ޸ǸɵӣǾ͸ǮҾͿβ
Ҿô޹ˡ
֪Ҫ޸ɵӣֱòأûܰȥԭӶˣԶŵˡ
˭֪
ˣһȥҴĸӻңڲˣҲҼޣ˭Ҫģ˭ȥɡ
ѾѾﶼеģԺѧӳ⣬Ҳеģƽʱ˸滨⣬ûôӴŮޣڿǰİú棬Ȥ
Уÿ
ѾѾס֣ĵر֤׽㣬ģһߣǰץȥġ


33 ʶ֣

˶ڹµУҪȥʱѾѾĻ
һصͷ
ûһߵģͷϴŰɡ
ɵͷɵ˵ţ𣿹½𣿡
ϲ£ǸˣЩź˵ûˣٺľܵǵˣҸʱȷϹû˿ˣԶʱӦòᷢҵġ
֮ǰҪ鷳һ£һøһᣬǷģҵˣҾͻؼȥҴĸӶҵġ
ϵͳҲ£껹ѾѾ˵Щʲô
ѾѾʵ㵱׵ƸĸȷĻӸ𣿱Ͼһʼǻƭ㣬᲻Ҳƭ㰡
ŷḻС˵ĶϵͳеزһЩ̫ѰĶ
ѾѾĻüͷ̫ȷӦһӦûỹҵİɣҪңҾ
ͷ˿Լȭͷûдĸȭͷ
ʱЩɥ
û£ҪĸӸ㣬ǰһ취ھ͸һȥζ¥Էɣʶζ¥Ư磬Ūᣬڰҵ˿϶ôͷġ
ãҾ͸һȥ
Ӧˣռҵ˶ܸˣѾѾ
ΨĽһֱѾѾѾͷôԺҲ֪᲻ᱻƭ
ôڼ洩ô밡ѵһ׼Ҫ𣿡
ѾѾŰ·ú֡
ȻûɹףҲµû˻ڼ滹µİ
ͬڷĵ˶ѾѾתע
ͬһеϾ⡣
ȷʵ׼Ҫţ˵ҹǸɵһ׵ʱˣûӣҾͺ˰
һ㣬û
˻Ȼ

ͣڰζ¥ǰ档
ϴ֮ǰζ¥ҰԼеӡ߽ζ¥ʱڴɸ˵˲١
˰ѾѾҲǣĽˣΪǣŰ֣¥ȥ
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ֵͣʱ׵Ѿл
ѾѾǣŰ֣һһ¥ݣ߱߰׽㣬㲻ýŵģ¥ٶҲ˳úÿҲˣǶڲЩ˽ǮԼȥˡ
˽ǮѾѾԼûȥĽϹûʵĿġ
һᣬعͷĽ˵극һҪǵҳȥĽϹ䰡һкöණء
ĽҲкܶණ
ϴǰݶЩӣҪ״ȥ
ĬĬţ극֮һҪȥС
¥ֵһŰ棬ɰŴ򿪣ѾѾŴ߽ȥ
ѾڰһᣬѾѾǽվ
ѾѾڵˣʲôԵģøҿ
һȺ׾ͶѾѾСӡԵӣѾѾ
׽㣬ȥ
ѾѾֵ¡
׿϶ǲȥд˵ģֻдŴ¡
ѾѾԱĽ𣿡
׿ѾѾôǣĲ²⡣
ѾѾҡͷǣ׽·ϼģףȻӵˡ
Ѳ˱Ƶǰ׽㣬㿴ʲôˣǴ˳׵ʱһ춼ܳԶģڿ϶Ҳˣ㿴ʲôԵģ͵ʲô
Ưϰ壬ԷǮġ
ѾѾر󷽵ذ˵
Щ΢
ѾѾһʱ֮䲻֪ôӻˡ
СѾͷ֪֪׸ʲô˼
˸׵Ĺ˵ø·ϼ˿Ŵײһ
ѾѾĻ̧ͷף˵ǾллƯٶˡ
˵ţʼˣҪ
ףƯٶǸʲô
ѾѾð֮Ϳʼˣ˵ܶ˶ǲʶֵģŮӣðҲǲʶֵģȴԼˡ
˵ʱ򣬿ָŲ˵ϵһ˵ҪǸʱ򣬾ϲؿ
׽㣬ʶ֣
۶ǰ㷢¶ΪҪ⾫޹üëﴽЦЦ


34 ѾѾ˯

ᣬһЩ˵ֳһ㣬оȽϺóԡ
ѾѾ
ˣ
ƺеǾȻԶԡ
ѾѾʶֵģԼù˱Ĳֲ˼ʨͷ⣬㣬ռ飬Ұ⣬ˡ
Ư磬㻹ʲôԵ𣿡
ԼԵģѾѾѲ˱ݸס
Ƶ
װѲ˱ݸɡ
ʼѾѾ졣
ôֵˣϴ˵Ҫѧģѵӿˣ
ǣѧñһΣ˰
ѾѾرԼˡ
ԭˡ
԰ģôܻӿأҵѧõҪӿˣ϶ҵġ
ЦЦ
ⲻ֪ǲôȥûȤȥ
ζ¥ٶҴĲˣϲٶȾԲܱͨȵġ
ûһᣬѾѾǵĲ˾Ͷ
Ĳ˵ֶȽϸӡ
кּ˿ƹϣֹＹ˿ֿĢˣӦʲôضϵĲˣֳˡ
а˱ҰѼѼƣţȵȡ
ѾѾļֱȽͨĲȣʨͷ⣬㣬ռ飬Ұ⣬˵ȡ
Լ׵ֱ˲ĸԼţڰζ¥õ
һӵʳռ˸ǰû˵ġ
Ƕͷ۾һգգ
ѾѾ̿ˮ̳˷ܵؿףƯ磬Ҿ¥Ĳ˿Ŷúó԰ھͿԳҿЩ˶ÿһĶˡ
ĽϴӽڶȽϳĬ
ʱʱĵض׵һᣬֻһԼֵƲƲǡ
ߣҳˣ϶ҪƯ
ԱԼ۾ӣͣͣԼߣҪһ㣬ѾѾ˵֡
Ǻÿ˼
ʵھͱҪÿһġ
ֻǣѾѾû۹ļһ
û˵ƯȻűһֱʲôƯ磬ҪȻԺ󣬶֪ƫȥˡ
ѾѾһʳ׶ӣҲŶӣҲܿͶ뵽ⳡԷս
ҪǳԷʱһƾͺˡ
϶Եһ룬Щźؿڡ
˵ƣѾѾ̧ͷǻմͼ
磬ǼѾư극֮ٻȥһѾƣǲҲģ
ѾѾЦؿ϶
Ѿƣ
Ź߳ƽһЩȡ
ѾѾͷûѾƣԼɽȥժѻģӦÿԺˣ˵Ѿƺܺúȵġ
Ҳ˵ˣһСܺȾƣҿҲԸ㣬Ѿʲôʵˡ
һ뵽ܳѾƵζѾѾüͷ
һһ˵ˣȾƻ˱䱿ģñĽϱǲҪ˰ɡ
ŵĿһ£˫ǺһѾѾڣ֪ܷȥҳѾƵʵ
ѾѾеĺһ룬üһϲͷ
԰԰ƯҪҼ棬ҾôȥܶܶԷ
Ľüͷš˴͡

ѾѾһγԵôʢķˣһСľͳ˺ܶ࣬ӳԵԲһŶӴãһߺǺǵɵЦš
֮ǰ˵ˣҪȥϹһٻؼҡ
׾ڰζ¥ﴦһЩ飬ҪȵŻᵽǼȥѾơ
ĽϣǼú
ѾѾһʼ˻ǱȽ϶ģģ忿ϡ
һ»
Ľһ㣬ѿռøѾѾ
ѾѾ˶ϣԴڴɵϡ
ҼҿҪ˯
ĻЦȥʣ˴
˯ˡ
Ľ϶ѾѾһᣬ˯֮ǻſˮЩƹͷ
Ըֱӻشӡ
ѾѾ˯ˣʲôУֱֻӻشȥˡ
ҲûϾǳֻҪǰݵĶѣڳǰݶˣ˶緹Ҳûʲô˼
ѾѾεԼĽǣڽϹţһȥǺ«һȥĳԣһֳ·ߵĿģˣȴܹ
һֻȻҪǮ
ѾѾҧ촽ĽϣĽϾȻûзӦҪǮˡ
شԼĲͳӣոǮϾҪϵʱĽ˵һ䡰ллȻֱӰѼߡ
ۡһѾѾ˳
Ľ󻵵ӱҶ࣬ҲҳԶҵĶԡ
ѾѾ˹
⻰PKŶҪܶܶƱƱкۣܶܶǣ?


35  ε

˺ˣˣȥ˯ᡣ
ϴϴϰѾѾӹĴı
׵
Ҳˣ
ѾѾϲ۾̧ͷȥ
ϤףϤԺӣϤļҡ
ôڼ
۾Ժشܡ
һѾѾȫѹˣˣҲ˯ˣԱѾѾȥϴ˸͵˯ˣҾͰͻˡ
ʱ仹磬Ҫǻȥ棬ôɴȥɡ
ѾѾ
ڶȥϣʲôطûй䣬ûԼĶ
ʱ䣬ѾѾе޾ɣ˵һܵ鷿ȥˡ
޾ɣ˵ڶ죬ֻҪһ뵽ȥϣȴΪԼһС˯ˣȥ伯С
ѾѾҲûʲô
ԸĽ˵
Ľļȵ顣
μϢʱ䣬Ľϴ˴ѾѾ
ѾѾͷһۡ
Ľٴ
ѾѾٵһۡ
ĽϴֱӾͿˣǸ첻˵˽ҪҺѾƵ˵ûУ
ƯҪ
ѾѾֻƲϹֵ飬ˡ
һӴ˾
Ư˴֮ȥԸȥϣˡ
ԸһѾƯΪ꣬Ϳ
ѾѾ˲ͺ
ΪĽŻģѾѾĽϵ̬ת
ĽϷŵ鼮ָ⣺
Ҳѧˣ⻰˼ǣ˵ˣÿӶ෽淴ʡԼ˰ǲǾĽˣѽǲǳʵˣʦڵĹΣǲĸϰˣ
ǿӵĵעһˣͨһʡ֮˸
ӿʡһֺܺõֶΣַͨǿҵĲ֮ʱؼԸ˼Ϊ͵¾磬ڷ˼вϵԼ˸
ʡ仰ֳɾÿһλ־֮˶Ҫѧϰġ
ҵʱֻʱ̲ԼվȽŸһϯ֮أһ㣬ʹȡһʱĳɹҲδܹԺķͦ
һһǰŽġ
û뵽Ľڲſ
ѾѾֵˡ
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ӣҲᣬҡ
Ŷˡ
ѾѾ׵顣
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ɩƯ𣿡
һģѾѾ˻ûѾԺ档
ϽסܽѾѾ䣬ϡ
⺢ӣ˵ٴˣҪôëëģҪˤˣ۵˭
֪Ժ󲻻ˣƯ𣿡
ѾѾϵȣ̽ԴԺ￴
ϷſѾѾΪǣȥϴϴһ߸˵ûӦʲôˡ
ѾѾЩʧ
Ҫȥء
ǴأѾó𣿿Ժû
ϰѾѾҡͷûأ춼ûŪأʱ򾭹󷢸û󷢸ˣǶȥæˡ
ѾѾŵ̧ͷʲôˣ
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˵̾˿
մУһֵģƽʱõǳԡ
ѾѾһεˣæſϱ
ϱȥմмҡ
մмҾѾѾҸڣԺӱѾѾҵԺСһ룬שķӣѾѾҵķӲࡣ
ϱѾѾȥʱմмԺѾˡ
ˣҲûɶëһļûУ֪զˡ
úõˣô˵εεأ󷢰룬ȥ֮ǰʲô
ѾѾҲ˰
ϴ˵ʱ򣬿ϱѾѾæСŽ
ϵͷѯʣôˣû˵ʲô
Ҳûʲô˵ôȥǴҲ֪ܲ͵ȥ
ѾѾüͷǵǡ
۾޴ĴǡÿĽϼȺ
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ϸŽȥմоʲôҲѾѾﶼǴˣûʲôĵģֱӰѾѾ
ѾѾһŵأܹȥĽϣĽϣôҲ
Ҳ˵˴ҪҾ͸ˡ
ĽϾԼѾѾһֵģԸմ塣
ѾѾ˳ĽϵȥҲˡ


36 

ѾѾش˸кֵͷĽСۣ"˵岻֪ΪʲôԭȻεˣһȥòã
ԣһȥ˵ֻ̫˯˶ѡҾͿԺӵʱ̫˯ˣ˶Ϊεˡ
Ƕմе飬Ҳûע⵽ѾѾĽСѡ
ֻ˵ע⵽ʲôҲûҪֹǡ
ߵһЩ
ѾѾһ˽Ų
մмҵԺӲ󣬾ûиƽʱļԺɢ
ֻдϱһŮˣɴϱڻ߰˸µУûúõشɨԺ
Ժ浽Ǽʺ
ѾѾЬ׵Ĵз˱仯һӺˣصͷһԼЬӡ
һУϣҲȵʺˡ
ѾѾԼЬ˦ˣúöġ
ϱѾѾЬ˸Ьϵļʺ
һ߹һ߽ѾѾ˵ٴˣ·Ҫ·´ٲȵʺҪԼŪˡ
Ŷ´һٲȵˡ
ѾѾͷһֻŲһֻϣַϵļ
ΧվżͬմĸˣЦܽ㣬ͲҪ˵ѾѾˣѾѾôĺӣӶҲڶԵˡ
Ҫ˵ȼʺ飬ǻ治ѾѾƣѾѾҵĽ϶һŵļʺأҪְ͹ϼʺ̫ˣѾѾ˵ǲǣ
ѾѾƽʱŴ˶شк
˶ϲġ
˵ĸ˾͸ˣοиѾѾĶӡ
šţ⻰ʱ˵
ϹθɾЬӣְѾѾЬӴϡ
ѾѾȥĽϡ
ĽϿѾѾһʱűӣôЬӣҪҲȵʺˣҿ϶ͰЬӸˡ
˷ѣѾѾӵؿһĽϡ
ͷǰ档
˱Ժ˻Ҫࡣ
峤档
峤ͼķӱϣǵݺ濴ȥ
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ѾѾĽϽʱ򣬴峤ǿһۣ˵һ䣺ҪˣĻͳȥɣﳳǵĴˡ
ѾѾصͷ峤磬ǲᳳģҲ档
˵꣬ĽϳϷ߹ȥ
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ĽϱѾѾһ㣬ȺѾѾҪ翴ϵմС
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ɫ԰ףżûʲô
ѾѾĽǰ棬ڿ˴ϵմУšüġ
ˣÿԺҶ𣿡
˵֮ͻȥһˣҪǴ˵ĻȷʵǼˡ
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ѾѾˣأҲǳԣǸˣҪ峤ġ
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ҪմлûͱǸˡ
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ĽۿؿѾѾЩؿѾѾѾѾƽʱôã㿴ˣôһ㶼ѹ
ÿθѾѾǶȸĶ࣬ڶЩѹˡ
û뵽ѾѾȻô顣
ѾѾĽһֲۣ
˵꣬Ľϡ
һһ˵ˣΪ֮ˣҪǾβõҲǻģһһ˵ôδĲ
Ϊ֢֢֢ĻһֻǳͷΣڿʣɫ**Ƥȵ֢״ֻ֫ʪ䣬ɫ԰ףѪѹ½ȱ֡
ʱĻڼʱڻָ
֢صһ֣ʱξͻΣ
Ĵڵ֢ԼһʱӦѹˡ
Ҫ֢״ͷΣͷʹĻţڿʵȣʻ־ģʱ΢ƫߡ
صĻˮףˮף˥ߵȡ
ҪѲ˴ӸµĻתͨĵطòƽţ⿪¿ۣɿȥ··Ѿˮʪ͸Ӧ̸·
ͷë
⻰ϺãƱƼƱ۹


37 ˹ķθ

þƾ׾ƣˮˮвԡȻõȻǿյ罵¼ɢȡ
ѾʣҪָʶѨǺϹѨʹѣûа취ͿԳ˹ķθա
ϵͳҲ϶ģһЩҪĴʵߵҲѾѾˡ
ֽ˵ȵѹ֮󣬾ͿһЩεˮιȣʱһι̫ˮŻ£ģʹ֢״
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Ľϵ￴ǾѾѾڵ֪մжҪˣģп̫顣
ѾѾЩѪﰵţԺ˾ѾѾ⣬ҪѾѾнΪһаĵ˲С
ѾѾרĵؿͼƬȻǲ֪ĽЩʲô
˹ķθյͼƬɴ۾һĲ˼顣
ȻҪʵ̫ˣ˵ܸ͵ĵģȻỳϺӣһһ˹⣬бķ𣿡
ѾѾĹŴˣܲͼƬ˵ķ
ϵͳĵظͣǾˣ˱ʥģ㲻ӦôӣԼôĻĽȥĽǴ棬⣬ˣ˵ˣһ׵ġ
ŶҿĽȥĽкӣкӸкӦûʲôġ
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Ľϻ˼ҪôѾѾнУһ̧ѾѾ߶ϣʱŵñ˱Լ
òҸɣ
ǵھǵʱЩˣҪġ
ѾѾЦݣ˲뵽Щ档
ѾѾɻԴʲô᣿

ĽϾͣʡѾѾûĴ㣬Ҳᱻˡ
㿴Ҹ
ѯʡ
ѾѾ뵽һһķӣشյĽ϶ȥͣа취ô岻
ֲǴʲô취
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ѾѾعǣѽҵģ˵İʲô֪ʲôҡ
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ڶҵأҲûȥѾѾĽߡ
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ĽϲǵһѾѾ˵ˣѽɹɣȥȥǰݣѾơ
ЩѾƻûʱȥ⣬Ķܳɹ
ĽϾѾѾ˵Ķġ
սѾѾͬѯʣ˵Ҫôƴ壿ûа취飬а취𣿡
а˵ˣֻҪ˵ȥ϶ܹȻġ
ϵͳֻ˵˿ȥȻմжѣû˵϶ԾȻմеġ
Ҫô

ѾѾ˹ķθյľ˵Ľ
Ľͬ𾪵õɴ۾ɣ˼Ҫȥ𣿿˵кֻŮӰҪккӣǾҪЦġ
˵ˣǸΪ˾ˣ˱Ǻʥ飬ǲӦôģң㲻ĻǾֻȥˣҪˣҾͻỳˡ
һǸСأһҶҲϺˣǼô˸ô죿
ȷʵǼеļ磬ֶӶˣҪǻҪĻ϶ģѹҲ̫ˡ
ĺӾͼһȺ˵̸Ż᲻ỳӣ˺û⡣
˵ȽСΧҲû˵Щʲô
ȻŻᱻЦİɣ
ϵͳĬĬš
ͬʱԼǲӦǰռһЩʲôأ
ѾѾĽ꣬Ľ¶ע⣬һӣմеķȥ
մеĲûа취ĶӸϱĿܣ֪ʲôʱ߳ˣھֻմһˡ
øѾѾĽϻᡣ
ϰɣһ˵Ȼġ
ѾѾĽϵļ򡭡


38 鷢ѿ

Ľ߽մеķ䡣
ϴԴһַմе°ͣչȥ
ȥţѵ͵ϣһҪѵκá
մ󷢸ϱ߽󻹸żǼҵݣߵſڵʱ򣬼ͣ½Ųȵؿ򷿼档
Ǵϱȿڣӣڸʲô
Ľ¡
һθһ飬Ȼץ
޴ؿѾѾ

ѾѾȭͷߴš
һһ˵ˣǹؼʱҪڲѴŪѣͺѹˡ
Ľһ۾ɡ
մ󷢺ʹϱԼǼҵ˱Ľһεľٶŵȫ֪ôӦ
ֱһ󡰿ȿȿȡ
ǲŻع
ϣմɫǺ죬۾
Ľ˻±ץĸоһʱ´㵽ѾѾ
ѾѾֱϣο˼¡
մ󷢵˼ܵߣѯմУҲȥ
ѾѾĽϱƵ˺档
һֱմмҵԺӸĴһվţȥϾ͹ˡ
Ǹմһϸļ飬תͷռҵѯմôѹġ
մ󷢲Ľϡ
Ͱѽʱ򿴵Ľ˵
ѵйأ
šüġ
մмҵĽϻǺ棬ÿԿĽϡ
Ľһ뵽Լո飬ѾѾز͡
ѾѾٺ١εЦ¡
͵ǸĽϸոڶԴ˹Ѹ˵֮ҪϽ˹ķθѹ֮ҪιһЩˮҪʪëɢȡ
ҾĽȥˡ
ϾֻһСѾѾĽȥˣǵĴǻǡ
˵֮ͷؽָ
˹Ӹո˹˵ʵĲ˾ѹ
ץסѾѾҪϢ
ǷԸմ󷢺ʹϱ׼ʪë͵ˮѹֲסѾѾĽѯʸ˹顣
ѾѾһһģԼͼƬϿһһ˵ꡣ
δط뿪
ѾѾһؼڰɣҾﻹζ
ĽϲϵعüͷѾѾҡ
ƯûҲȥˣǾ鷿￴ɡ
á
ûˣѾѾмңȻ϶Ҫץġ
˵֪մû֮ҲңóѾѾĽ˵ģԸѾѾǶ˹
ѾѾĽϾϲطֵžȻƽʱҪࡣ
𻨸ɽ髸ѵø߸ߵģƽʱжࡣ
ѾѾؿˣĸЩǶܳ𣿡
Ȼֵúܺãĸǵġ
˵˹飬οѾѾĽϵԴ
ԺҲֵúܺãÿ춼ԳԵô𣿡
ѾѾڴصԲ۾
ЦˣѾѾСԴ̫ݻỵŶԻҪسԲźá
Ŷ
ѾѾЩʧ
ĽҲʧ
ľͳȥˡ
⣬ߵЦ˵ţӦܹˣүѾѾСѿĽˣѾѾСʱ䣬үھǼѧĶࡣ
ţѾѾǸúӡ
˵ͷֻϺܿȾһЩݣֻǣĽǺӡǿԡ
ѾѾĽϿôģҲųˡ
˴յһ鿴顣
ѾѾõһμǣ¼һԨ¼ĸݡ
Щ̫£ѾѾȫӰǹط
ҳ֮Ҫ˵׼ҵȥɽˮĽϣʱһȥòã
ǿһȥĵطˣһԺóԵĶ
ãʱȴȥǣ֪档
ĽϣҲ뿴ˣȥ棬Ľȥܳʱˣ֪ûзѿ
ѾѾμдȥһطũʱ뵽Լ翪ĳĻĵء
Ѿȥܳʱˣ֪ڳʲôˡ
ĽûֹҲȥ
ѾѾˣɴԼ飬ѾѾܵĻĵ档
ȥմ󷢼ҹմе飬ܻصĵš
Сһܹ²֪ʲôʱõ߹ȥ
ѾѾأߣҪʲôˣҲȡ
峯ѾѾĴûɵӰʱȭͷ
Ľϣ㿴㿴ķѿˣСҶˡ
ѾѾֱԽ壬˷ָܵ硣


39 

Ѿһ˵ָͷôˡ
ճŸӲ࣬͵ģǺÿ
ѾѾĽϾΧһƬشת
һһ˵ǻûֹһֲʱҲпܻᷭ
ڵĽƺ
磬ֳȥˣҲҪһӡ
ѾѾϸһ磬չȥζ̧塣
˲ɶЩԼֲֵȥɽģƾɶӡ
廹ŵˣͰһӽװһԼܡ
ܵ˽ӶĶˡ
ĽϾͶѾѾߣһ꽪磬ҲؿѾѾ
ѾѾתţֱ׳ؿڣΪҽֵİ÷ӣҪûҽ㣬ô֪Լֲ
ѾѾˣҪܺööӣȵȥʱ򣬾ͿԿʲôʲô
ѾѾһۣʱԼȥ˵
ӽ֮ҲİӶģҪԸóһѾѾҲû
أ̫Ѿȫɽˡ
ѾѾ˺ö·ֻ˸ˣԼ·ϣ屳
һֻ§Ĳӣһֻļţݣ߿㡣
ĽԼһеĽҲ
һֹȥˣ׻û
ٽ˶æˣѾѾҲ⡣
ԭҪѾûеռˣʱ¶
ǰһ꣬вˮˮʽո֮ǰмҪȥȷϡ
磺ѾˮҪ취ŸɾĻˮ
ʹˮ˵¶ȣʪȶֳù״
⣬ҪɾӲݡ
ոǰӲݵոɲ㣬ӰոȺرո׶ܵʧ
ˮջ֮󣬻Ҫ֮ǰҲҪ׼úʵĴء
ũдֿȻã޴ֿĽСũʱʱѡƸ̹ˮͨĿյأмߡΧ͵ĳأ״ˮɢ졢ŰȫֹѴԲˮֹ߶ù䣬ɲҪʧ
Щ鶼Ҫˮո֮ǰãȥӲݾͺʱ
ռңүӣɰɸѾѾҪȥѧ⣬ˣϺǼϱµˡ
үǰЩ˽ﵱӵʱЩӣռ˶ʮĶˮ
ʮĶˮȥÿҪæһĶ࣬Ҳæһʱ䡣
ѾѾڽ棬°ͣʵ죬̫ʵЩˣ˵Ľϣ˵ʲôŻأǰ꣬ȥˮﶼ档
´ʱҾȥңĵòá
СӶϲˮѾѾĽҲ⡣
Ľϵͷã֮ҵ·㴩϶ֹˮģϴҶһᡣ
𣿡
ѾѾĽˣҪĽһ뿪ͺˡ
ѾѾĽ϶ڵˣһشıꡣ
ϴλҪܶܶģþˡ
ϵͳѾѾ뷨ɵÿʼעȻľ
㻹ȥҼһҴɩӸԣɩĽҪóȥģֻǣֻ
ѧʱ䣬ѾѾһָֻһ˸һ˸塣
УҪ߸ҳԲ
ĽϺܲӣֻ춼
ǡ
ѾѾüͷЩΪѡ
аɣٳٶ
ҲϲԽӣôɩʮӣʮĽġ
ָֻܶĽֻܳʮˡ
ˣ´ɩӰѽһЩٳԼҲܳԱԵôô˷ѡ
ѾѾȥ֮Ҫɩúõ¡
ʲô֪ϵͳ
ҪҪѽҲܷѲϵģٳԼʡʳĵĺۣ
ܿ
ɶɶҪµأѾѾǻؼҡ
ѾѾһѧ͸Ľϳѧſڣɻʰ䣬ʰһ룬æ׷ȥ
Сãȵҡ
ѾѾĽܵúܿ죬ûһʹڳȥԶ
ΪԼ׷ˣ׷˰֮󣬾ȻѾѾĽͣ
ֵ
ֻǰһ͵Ĺ
ǰʱѾѾѯǸ
ôǴ棿ˣ첻˵Ҫؼȥĸӻҵӻ𣿡
ϣһ극ˣҪŻȥƸӻңˡ


40 

ڵİ۾ܺ죬ɫ԰ףϴŵĻ쿴ʱ·еƣеɣϴúܸɾһ޲̽ȹӡ
ȴûĻеɥ
㣬ôˣ
ѾѾ߽ȥǵؿŰ
ɽ춥˴ɵλҪСõģһֱؿѾѾ
ѾѾȻſֵʱɽŵسȥƿ˰ѾѾ
ʲô
Ѿʮ꣬߿쵽ļŬ̧۾ƽӡ
ϻǲûи˵飬ڿȫȫǵİģһЩ죬ҪСöֶŵİˡ
ɣÿ
ѾѾˣȻֶƿˣǶùȨս
ѾѾٻôֶ˵ɱŵֻÿȻؿŰ
ҵѾѾſ۰˹
һҪԵУһ§סѾѾ
ۡؿ˳
˺ˣˣֻҪ㲻ˣҴǡ
ѾѾŰıοš
һᣬ˫һ̧ͷڴؿѾѾ֣̯ƽƣѯʣأ
ѾѾһᣬ˵ҪؼҲС
ֲÿʱ򣬵ĲˣҲĸǳԵġ
㵽ֱ֮ܲӷƪأ

ѾѾؼҡ
ɽں档
ص֮ѾѾΪǵԷƪˣû뵽𣺡أ
ƽʱΪ˲̫ǰݳԻˣ϶ǲ
ֻżѾѾĿ޵ô嶼岻õʱŻš
ѾѾô֪ϵǲ
ͿŰһʱ֮Щ˵ˣݻ仵ˣ㣬ԽӺòã
ʲôǽӣ
ǺܺóԵĶ֪ˡ
Ͻûȥϰ̯ӣȥæˣѾѾѧûصңڼһչ˲Լ˵һȻ
ѾѾ˵ҪԽӵ顣
ʣµĲϣŪһЩЩ۵ذʮӡ
ӿþ棬⣬úЩģǾʳƷ
ҪȥӵģһʮĽǿҪǮš
СҪԣϻõġ
ȥߦ棬ڵʱ򣬰ҲѾѾ˵
˵ĻѾѾվϣߣӣصĳ򣺡ɶĸôô泽ӣôȥԼĶȢϱ
УҪȥû
磬оŸֶӵѾѾڴ漸ǴԵĴӣ˸۸
ѱ۸ѾѾˡ
ɵӣ
ĽϿѾѾӣ˵һ䡣
ڴô죿ǱߣòӣӦòŹɣ
Ľھ꣬ʶ࣬ȻҲŪô£ѧǰĳװװҲеġ
ֻҪѾѾͺá
ǰǰǱô죬ǷǵӲǻץȥծ
Ҷ֮ǰĲǷӵʱ򣬾ץȥծء
ѾѾؿŰ
̾˿˵ץôץڳ׵վȥҼץˣŵҼҶһˣҾһֱˣȥҴĸҪӵġ
ûй˵ϲȥ֣Ȼᱻץߵġ
ѾѾ˵ĻŵС԰ס
Ľϰ׳գϲûй˵ˣ֮Բȥ֣ΪǣǰɹҳϾͻʳˡ
ܣﲻ˵ƭҵģ϶ƭ㣬ûǣȥôΣҶû
㿴㻹ȥôΣҲûô֪й
˵еģʲô֪ġ
˵ûУҲﻹҪ
ģ֪ġ


ѾѾĽţŤһ顣
ѾѾĽϵͷĽϳѾѾ·
Ŀọ̈̄Щɵۣ˵
ôˣ
ڳ׼ӣǱߴ죬æȥһһ
ѾѾĽͷ·Щεؿˣ˺ˣ׶˵ĻǶԵġ
ǿɲΪˣȻǵҪĵġ
ߣ
ߣ
ѾѾĽϺĬͬʱƲͷԷ
ͬʱһ䣺ģ


41 ѾѾҪı

ãѾѾеĽϽˣǴɩֱƽ룬ÿʮÿһݡ
ѾѾһسţһߵظ˵ǲǺܺóԣ

ûܸѾѾɣȵռҵ˻֮˵һ顣
ʲô㣿
үǲܵģֻܡ
ʵĻĽ֮ǰװģģ±˵Ĳࡣ
֮ǰˣ˵ҲһֱҴĸӻˣҪҾܵ˵׵飬ǿ϶ֱӰҹ
˵ԭظӳףҲֱȥ
Ҳ̽мȽļ壬ҸǱĸϵıȽϣһǰζ¥Ķҡ
˵ζ¥ǾģҲҪǼӡ
ѾѾʶǸζ¥ٶңϣѾѾ԰ȥǵٶ˵һ£ٶҴȥ飬ǿ˵£Ƹһ취ġ
Ҫ˵ӣһֱزصģ˼죬뵽ϡ
ϿѾѾ˵Ǹɵٶң
ţʶƯ磬ҿԸȥƯæ𣿰ӺÿҪǲȥɽסᱻץߵġ
ѾѾҡϵֱۣ۾һգһգؿ
ü˵׸Ҳûʲô飬϶һˣö˶˵ĻҪȥʲôֽ顣
˵ʵǺ顣
ֻǣСŮǸгˡ
˭ѣѣæġ
ˣҲǸûʲôĻĹȥһѰɡ
ڵ˵ͷ˵ȻҲֻܼǣѧõĿβ£ɣռٵʱٸ׹ȥʲôٶҡ
֮ǰ׹ҲشˣסǼҡ
ȻѾѾѣ˯һݡ
İ嶨֮˵ĪѾѾ
Űڵϱİģ˵̫ˣ̫ˣ㣬ǽһ˯ˣڿиһ˯ˡ
С滨иӻ滨;˵һ˯ж档
˿һڴϴ֣ȵ˾ͿԸϱӣ§һ˯
Ľ˺þúþã滨һ˯滨˵Ҫӻһ飬ǲԸ
Ҳнһ˯ˡ
ҸոճԹ˽ӣǱˣھȥ˯
ѾѾŰ޲ھ͵ȥһˣ
ϺȻİǲǰŴˡ
Ѿͷ춼ûڣ˯ʲô
æȥ鷿ˡ
Ҳһȥ
ѾѾ鷿Ű֣ʱʱǧĵ
鷿ţ֨һºϡ
Сһժĳǰݣһһ߻ϻ㱨鷿ڵ
ѾѾڽѾͷʶأӦûôȥ˯ˡ
ãϽѷãԵ㣬ʡô᷹ҲûԱ˻طȥ˯ˡ
ϱڳæµ
ɫָƽʱڲһϳһƬһƬƣһһѹ˵ͷϷ
Χûʲô磬Ҫ˼֡
զҪ´ˡ
϶õĲ߳üͷ˿졣
Էʱ򣬴Ҳ˵顣
ɫǲҪ±˰
ˮмգҪʱ±꣬ˮ»ᡭ
ˮջʱڣڵˮǱƣӲˮСҲ顢ǧشֵ
ջСұɫջˮʹ۶ϡ׵ǧ½½ƷʲȺ
ֻм죬ׯҲԸǰո
ǰոĻɵֱӺܾǲ롣
ʱˮ࣬ҿҲδµӦûµġ
϶ڲϴֵ˵š
үӵüͷ壬ѾѾһȥܼܲסӡ
ż˶˵±飬ֺǺǵġ
ڿˮˡ
ûֺǶãͱϵͳϡ
Ҹܵ쳣ʶı첻ǺǿǾÿܻ±ˣ꣬δܻҡ
Ҫ°°ҪǲˮˣҲûбĶˣ
ѾѾһ޾ɵˡ
һ챩꣬͵һ죬Ҫ°£ʱ·ֲߣ϶ȥİֻܴġ
ѾѾˡ
ϵͳЩۣѵڲǹʱ򣬶ׯٹҪոˣո֮ǰ±꣬ׯڻյġ


42 ֶ˵ʲô

ɣ
ѾѾȻСҲ֪ˮǵҪԡ
ˮˣһ굽ͷæһܲܳϱҲׯڵճɡ
˼ҾôҲ˵
ռĿǰծ۵ԣҪׯûճɣֻҪո˰ǼҶʮ˻ġ
ܹóһҹ֮ͷӡ
һһûа취겻Ҫ
ѾѾһһܵģûһһ顣
һһ֪Ҫ°µĴˣӦҲֹһŶԡ
ϵͳ
ôúңֻˡΪ
һһ˵Ҳû취ѾѾֻȥ˵
Ѹң⼸±꣬һ°£Ҫǵׯڿˣһһ𣿡
˵Ǹܶæ˵ģ
үӸղž飬ѾѾץסѾѾ˫磬żѯ
ץˡ
ѾѾץϵ֣
үæɿ֣ٴ׷ʣѾѾ˵Ǹ˵ˣĻ°µ𣿡
ţ˵ġ
ѾѾͷ
үվ
ҪѾѾǸ˵ģͺпĻ°µˣУҵȥҴ峤˵һ顣
Ҫı٣ׯֻûոʱӵһѡ
Ҳȥ
ѾѾ¿ӣϸЬӣ׷үȥ
棬ǺȣԺһ˿綼ûУȫˮĳС
ȵѾѾһһ߲
үӻͷһѾѾһѱ
ҪǴҵׯڶûճɣǴĴǲǶҪˣ
Ҫô죿˵ˣûа취ֹһ꣬Һѹ
ѾѾ§үӵĲӣҪ˳
үСŮԴ嵽ûµģȥ峤˵˵ôӰѾѵׯڶջնǶ٣ܱյĺá
ԭǰׯڰ
ѾѾµصģֻΪֻе˹̶ʱˮû뵽ԭǰգһӾ;ϲ
ǵҲȥӵҲǰˮòãҿ϶Ҳ˲ˮġ
ѾѾ۵ɤ
үšüģûô򵥣ֻҲ֪ôѾѾ˵
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ѾѾүӵʱŷſڸĴսҵ˵
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ҵֶҲڰſɶأ
ѾѾһţʹŸ峤սҵк
峤ָүӵĲ࣬ǵһ֣ܻ
ʵıֱүҪСһҲ˵ϴͬѾѾͺһ硣
ѾѾ󣬻һŮսҵǸһѾѾĴֶӡ
ȻҲǵһôѾѾˡ
ÿһΣǾЩ졣
峤սҵ㶡
սҵﱲСģΪ˴᲻ѾѾעкŷ
壬˰죬죬һԷúȥʢǡ
æѾѾǽȥ
˰֡
ˣҳԹģȥԷҴٸ˵
Ҳ̫żˣҲû᲻ˣŻڸպñ˳Էʱ
ѾѾһֱֻүӵĲӣһֳֻŴ峤˻ӣ峤磬ȥԷɣⷹ˾Ͳóˡ
峤֪үѾѾĲҳԷˣæ꣬˳
Ǵ峤ֻҲûȴǮƽʱ࣬ϡЩΪʳ
߳ѾѾǴԺսҵӱһӷŵԺм䣬ѾѾȥ
ÿȥĸҲһ׳Ժźòã
ѾѾϣ֡
үԴ峤Щؿڣģ֪ûע⵽е㲻̫ǿˣҲѹĸо
ڻһ˿綼ûС
Ҹոҵ˵飬쿴žҪ´һҲ֪ʲô¡
Ҳûйʱ򣬳֮󣬻йʮģҲеĸɴͲ꣬˭֪᲻أ
峤һ̾˼
˵˻ģ°µĴأ¡
ѾѾ廰֮䣬ɷµص˵ͷ
峤ѾѾĻһ


43¡ţ

峤үߵñȽϽʱʱܴүӵĶѾѾǸѵ顣
Ҳ֪ѾѾһѣ̻ܽѾѾܶ顣
ڴÿÿɣǸѽ̵ġ
Ϊɵ飬Щ˼ҶЩӡ
մǴûзӣҲѾѾǸѽմС
ռֵĽ黹Ǹѽ̵ġ
ôһʲôѣ˵Ļ峤ɾͶ˼Ρ
ԼҲڵ顣
ô˵ҪһˣҪøϽټ˵һյˣׯٹ߰ոȷʵõʱֻǣҪˣׯڿɾọ̈̄ˡ
峤ֱӾһͭ࣬߳ž
үӱѾѾصռ˵˴峤İţռҵ˸ϵҼϡ
ңϱȥҴĸĲŻûãͭ
峤ԴǱżԼóԷñ˳ԷԷʱ䣬˭пȥϰ
˵ҪټҹȥԷˣȥˣûóԣ˭ʱȥ
һȥںǼҪԷˡ
ȥҸڵˣͭҲû⣬ֱתܻؼȥҪԡ
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ϲǲȥģ룬ùʣϱڼ˷һϡ򷢳ȥ￪ᡣ
뵽Ҫȥϲź˹ʣϱ˵ԷˣϽȥɹȳϿ峤ɶҪ˵
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˵ˣ쿪ʼҪ춼´ˣҪټҹ˵յ顣

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֪Ҷٹ߰ոˮģǸʱˮճá
ֻǣ鷳̧ͷһգһΧĵĻǲʲô쳣
ѾѾĽͣ˵ɼ˱ţٸ߸ߵؿŴ峤ķ
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ǰǰˣɾͼˣôɰ
ѾѾǸСӣǸ˵Ļôء
⻰ƱƱĿǰƱ101ţǰ100ţӸһ£200ţӸ¡ȥ


44 Ѵ

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ҪǸ˵ĻǾѾѾҲ
¹ׯܲջĴ飬˶ܼ
мҪѾѾѴ
ֳ峤ЩΡ
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һ˵ѾѾС˵һ˵ҪѾѾѸ
ռҲԹүӡ
ϵүһۣԼȥҴ峤˵ˣѾѾǸҲ˵ˣֳҪôճ
ѾѾǶԸģôѾѾΪ˴һ߳˵
˼ǿѾѾϲŸҪ´꣬顣
ôô¡
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󲿷ִǶǱȽϲĵģ漰⳥ʱ
һڸͣǰǰѾѾǸǰոׯˣҪֲˣʧׯǲ㰡
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ǼѾѾ˵˻´꣬ոׯڣҲǲոǼѾѾѴӦҪǲ꣬⳥ȫ˵ʧ


45 


Ϻؿʼˡ
ٲҾͷҵļӸӳˡ
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46 

ѾѾϱȥϴ裬·ֱصݣʹһš
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ѾѾЩϧˣҪѧñˣͿԲȥѧˡ
ô꣬Ҳǲȥѧõġ
ϵͳȥһ䡣
ѾѾظүȷˣ˷ܵڿ
·ϻˮѿŪʪˣûرȥ
ѾѾ·ռҵ˿ʼ緹Ǵ˼ңȴû顭


47 ѾѾĴ

껩ĵ·඼ˮ壬·ߵҰȫˮ档
·ϵˮƯĵȡ
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48 ͱͶ

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һѾõۣ֪һʲô
ѾѾ߹ȥſϣɩͱô˵ͱҲܺóԵģҺܼ򵥡
ۻ֮󣬷ֳһСһСŵģߦȵĨϼͺһζĴлپмѹ⣬ߦߦñһЩŵ嵽Ƶľˡ
ѾѾѴһһǵĴͱתϡ
εģҪǸǰϿ϶ú˷ѡ
ȥˣ֪Ҫ׬ӣ͵ûӡ
¾ͿʼѾѾ˵ķӣһͱŵơ
ʱζ
ѾѾĽſˮ۰Ͱ͵ؿŹĴͱ
ˣˣ㣬ѾѾӣȳ
ͱϰѱŵһЩ˺룬һѾѾһĽϣԳԡ
ѾѾĽϽӹͱϾͷŵߣҧһڡ
óԣóԣóԣĻҪóԣɩӣȥ϶ܶġ
ԣͱܺóԣҪǴɩȥҲȥԵġ
ѾѾĽϵһʱۣ϶֮󣬾Ϳʼͣس
ԵѾѾ򴽽ǣЩ˵óǺóԣ̫ˣ͸ɣҪŶһӦûá
ѾѾ뵽һһͼƬǸˣ緹ʱ򣬶һһԵġ
ѾѾ֪ʲôζ
һһѶҲ˳
ɩ֮ȥѧһôòãѽҿԽ̴ɩ
ãҾȥѧõһѾѾȡ
϶ѾѾѽ飬ǰٷ֮һΡ
ھЩڴȵ֮ͣŸѧĴͱȥܶһʽˡ
꣬ȢϱӾ͹ˡ


49 ѾƿԺ

ҪҪʯĥǴֻɹȳĥʯĥ
´꣬ʱġ
ѾѾЩʧֻûʧΪʳ˼ͱ
ӿʼ꿪ʼڵʮ죬Ҳǰµʱͣˣշ硣
˶һ
ȻҶţĶǼ尾ġ
ЩѾ˵ˣֻʱڱ˼
һͣ͵ÿʼ޷ӻǽ·ˡ
ռҵķҲòĶ´ʱȻûкüӶˮ˽ЩŢҪһµ档
շĵ죬ϴ϶壬дɶǾͿʼȥɽʯͷ
ѧû٣ѾѾڼȥĥĥӣ
ˣѾѾɴҲһһѶҲһ
Ľϼǰ֪ѾѾҪµĳʳ϶Ҫһȥġ
ѾѾһȥĥָһռҡ
ռҵĳҲȽϸߣҲûˮǼһֱڳ档
ѾѾϲĽϰæջ
ͶûʲôѶȣһһ˵Ǹ磬кܶ฾ŮڼûҲЩԵģȻֻǵһŷḻϻúܳɹġ
Ҫһ£տˣȻӰɰǡ
ѾѾһһĲ˵ʲôûסˣͼס˰ɰǡ
Ǿˡ
ռҵǶϱܣȥ˵ԭһǹʼһؼӵտĶ棬ζȲˣšǹӡ
ȸѾѾĽһ˵һ붹
ٺȡ
ǡ
ѾѾĽϵ߶û뿪˶ǵһοɫƷúܡ
Ժ棬Ҳû
һѾѾ˺ܾõ˵ѾѾҲû
ֱǵڳſ𣺡ѾѾˡ
Ư磬ˡ
ѾѾ˷ܵɿ֣ҪܵߣŶζֶסŲּ롣
ƯǺܿģǶҪҪ߿ˣĽ͵ĶҪˡ
忡ϣüëų߽ѾѾĽ׻ɫҺ壬Щ棺ʲô
ǶôɩģƯҪôɩʢһ롣ѾѾתϣɩƯҲҪȶ
ѾѾû˵Ѿȥˡ
ȻûףҲ֪ǼҵĴͻ

꣬õһµĺ
ʣµĶѾѾҲԼһһǿ̸ʹ׳ȥԺ
Ư磬֮ǰ˵ҼֲΪСӣԺƭ𣿡
ѾѾʳĽϸ˵Ļ
ĽϾڱϵס
һ㶣Ц˳ҡͷϳԷȥ֮󣬾ͷЩ飬ȥһ˾ǣŻģ֮󣬾͵ˡ
˵ȷʵҵĲԣӦǰ˵һġ
ȻһӾƭײЩھΡ
õ˽ͣѾѾؿĽϣûƯûƭңƯֻǸպ˶ѡ
վ׽һЩͷѯʣأҪûĻƯǲǻҪȥǣܴܲһȥҶûȥǡ
ѾѾԴɿţҪǸ˵Ư·;įһȥǣ·и飬֪ܴӦĿжأ
ĽϺѾѾͷϣ붼Ҫ룬˵ˣŮҪ͸кˣҪġ
ҪҪװٽᱻģĻƯ磬ҲһȥˣԺԼȥ
ѾѾԼӾ½
ף
˵Щʲô
ɿ˵ιΪǼҵѾƶģ֪ǼҵѾƿԺҪܺˣҴȫˡ
˵ȥǾǸѾйء
ǹҸƽʱǹӦѾƵİ¹֮䣬ó׳˵⣬ڰ¹Ǳ߲ԸٳѾƸǡ
ʹҲûѾˡ
λһѾưߣÿ첻ȵѾƾûа취˯Ĵڡ
ŻĴ֮ͣϾ͸ϵ洦ѾƵ顣
׳Ժʱռ˾ѾƵ飬˵֮䣬ϴһ޵ѾƳ
Ѿƻûп⣬ԼҲ֪ôģѾѾѾѽģѾѾ㿴ֱӴ򿪾𣿡
ϴѯѾѾ
ǼҴûƣƵһϲͨȻԿǡ


50 Űӵ˽Ǯ

ѾѾһһõ𰸣ͷţֱӿС
ϴֱӿˡ
߹װʮѾƣӴ򿪵һ˲䣬ĵĹ㣬ɬԼľ˱Ƕ
ΧѾƵļ˶ʱζ档
ζţƽʱȵİ׾Ʋһζ
ѾѾһᣬܽڣȻȵİ׾ƲһζǲҲԺˣ
ϴҲǺȷ
ѾƵľζŨ֪ǲǸͨ׾˻оƾ
˼ȸԼҨһСڣ
һʼǵɬУɬĵѵζƷζһᣬһڲͬƢľζ˻ζ
þƺþƣҺȹõİ׾ƶҪúȣ
ϴһڲǺ㣬ֺ˵ڶڡ
ѾѾϴ˵ܲܺȡ
ϴԼȵûûˣϴƺһɴԼԼҨһ룬Ҳ˳
ѾѾˣĽϾԼѾѾҪһأҲˡ
˼ͬʱڣͬʱ˳
Ѻȡ
ѾѾ
ĽϵɫҲá
Ȼû˵ıѾ˵ҲѾƲúȡ
ûкȹƣȻѾƲúȣҿѾƹζ˼伫Ʒ
ײˣϴȵöǸƣֱԼԼơ
Ϥɫ󣬾͸¹ڹѾƲ࣬Ȱ¹ڵѾƺøҪˣ·ɲĺһ㡣
ζҲҪȰ¹ѾŨ
׿һᣬ룬һСڣϸϸػζ
ʱڣоϲ𺳣в˼顣
ãѯʣѾѾǼжѾƣ
ʮģһʮҡ
ѾѾԺܺãǵõļѾơ
¶һЩϧֺܿ˵һǧһޣҸȫˣ𣿡
ѾѾνصͷɰѾôѺȣҪϲȣǾȫˡ
𰡣Сã㰡
ϴѾƵζУ۸û壬ֻѾѾ˵Ҫȫˣ˲伱ۡ
ѾѾüףҸո˵ĻܲܲҪһ޸Ҵ硣
һʮޣʮȫҪˣ׶٣ֻоŹޣʮ֮һ
⡭
Щۡ
ǶԷѾѾĴ磬Ҳ̫ѵصͷ
ҾǧӣҪĽɣǾǧ߰ӣҵѹȻûƭңѾƺֵǮĽϣѾƵʱҾͲˣȻҪôӣҺ۵ġ
ѾѾҪָĽϵӣƲĽϵɡ
аɡĽϾЩϧ
һѾƾ׬ǧӣҪǶΣǱȾȺ˵ӶҪࡣ
ֻѾѾٷӣԼ취ȥɡ
ѾѾѾѾ뵽ķӣ϶Ҳ뵽ġ
ϴһѾƣѾѾ֮Ľס
۾һӵɵôġ
ѾѾ㡭˵Ѿơһһǧһޣ
ǰƯɵǮ࣬Ը⻨һǧһǵѾư
õȷϴ󾪵öǰѾƹؿţҪǲûƽɵģôô
һɽժѼľƣȻֵһǧӣȻôܣѾѾһǧȡ
ϴıˣϵǹѾҲƸף⹫ӣǼеѾƶ㣬Լˡ
Цһǧһ޵ľƣôȵ
ѾѾɲ⣬˵˵ģҲˣԸһ飬ϴ֣˵Ư磬ҴģǾŹѾƣʣµһޣҪҵ˺ȡ
˶ǺȹƵģӦûϲѾƵġ
ɵǮǳ鴤ţСѾͷܻ֪ɵǮǸ˵Ļ
ҲûѾѾһѾơ
һƱ
ְѾѾ˵ĸһǧƱʮһƱ
ѾѾת־͸ĽϷˣĽһǧãһġ
ʣµǧƱϴɵĳɣѾѾҪһɣǾŰĲûоŰ
ЩͷֿۣףƯ磬ٸһʮһƱ𣿡
׸մӾǹѾƵ׼׼Ʊ㣬˵ͷ
ָѾѾʮһƱ
ѾѾֱӳ˾ţŵԼСʣµϡ
ĳʶĻϴԺ𾪵ؿѾѾСãòҪԼ߾Űȥ˽Ǯɣ
ǰҸ˵ģԼӣҪһɵİ
һСѾͷϴ˾Űٶ˽Ǯ
ϴ϶ǲеģһŪô졣
ѾѾŲô룬ҪϽӸףȻȥɩ


51 ɩ

ֲܸƯȥϻȥˣѾѾ;׵ûжˡ
ϴҪȥϣѾѾϻ˾ŰӣԷ֮󣬾׷ѾѾȥϷ
ӣҪԷ𣿡
ɿѾѾϴıӰѯס
ոպȵĶѾѾ˵ʲô룬ͷ극ߡ
ŵһ⡣
ζҪǿԵĻܹζ¥ȥҪǶζҲҲζ¥ȥۡ
ϷѾѾǧİֹסڷ
Ʊģ
ƯģҰǼҵѾˣһһǧӣһ˾ŹޣɸĽϣԼһɣʣµҽҵġ
ѾѾƯСһһϣָضţϿ
õ𰸣ϲøţЩЩѾôֵǮǲ⹫ӹ໨Ӹģ
ѾƵʱ򣬳չ޸ǻӣѿֻǴɽժĶѣֵôӡ
ѾѾҡͷǰƯĺϲЩѾأ綼ϲȣ绹һ޸أƯ֪ԼֻõŹѾƵʱ򣬻ʧһ¡
ղ׸ϴıǶġ
ҪǾƯ糤ñȽƯһһ˵۸ܺˣ϶ҪѼ۸̧һġ
Ǽ׬Ӿͻࡣ
ϲģƱ˵ȥ⹫˵˵
ȥȥɣҲҪĽȥɩˣҲ֪ɩܲСС͵ģôæ̫ˡ
ѾѾɷµ̾˿Ųȴɿسųȥ
׸ԺתţҪǴûмũҡ
ҵǣȷϹЩѾƵļ۸ȷʵֵһǧʱ̹ȻƱ
ϴҲҵϣ˵ѾѾϲ˾ŰƱ˽Ǯ
ˣһᴦġ
ϰڰ֡
Ӧ˸ѾѾֳɵģڲʳԣǾŰ̫ˣǵ취ŪС
Ѿ˵ģֻҪôúóԶѡ
ѾѾṩļӣֱǼųԣըųԣųԣǺա
⼸ӣ룬ûǳųʡͣȥԺժЩҰл
򵥵Ұг
ѾѾĽϵʱ򣬶ճ
ӵζʹлζ档
΢ƣгɷĶɫĴлһ𣬶ڵһοѾѾĽ϶ԣ˼ˡ
˳ˢעʱ򣬿ٵһ鶹¾ͷŵ档
óԺóԣ⻹óˡ
ѾѾؾ׽ţҪõڶʱ
ˢÿѾѾֱÿӳԣٳЩԷԷٺúóԡ
ѾѾ֣ɵӦһӹӣһ飬ְѿӵݹȥĽϣ˵Էʱ򣬴һҪԵģڲ̫ܳ࣬һ˳һͲˣҲҼԷͿԼˡ
ãȥ˵õҳԷ
ĽϳԵ˶ϾʹӦѾѾ룬Է
㿴ҼҵĲ˲ҪҼҳԷҪҳԷ

Էʱ򣬲ܻӭľǶˣΪдˮȡ
֪һӸǼ˼ǧӹ˶÷ˮˡ
׵һγ㣬ˮȸص˵ͷ
Ҫ̸һ⣬֪ǷҲǰζ¥Ǯ棬Ǳ֤һļ۸񡣡
ʶؿѾѾ
Щ˶ѾѾģܲѾѾ˵㡣
Ҳע⵽ƺСѾͷ
ҲѾѾѯʣѾѾ𣿡
ѾѾĽŶԣԵֱͣҡͷû˵
ײ²⣺㲻Ը⣿
ѾѾĶȥҨһЩŵȷ᲻ᱻĽԲˣӦˮȶɩģܲɩӾУ㣬ǲԺá
ķӼ򵥣ӦóԹһξܲµҪôˣҪڰζ¥ˣҲûҪĽ飬Ҫȴﹺ򡣡
ոڳԶʱһһѾҪô˵
ѾѾֻǰһһĻԭ
ףϣմɩ֪ԸѶˮǰζ¥ζ¥ȫضжҷֵ꣬ЩӦòñ棬ֱӸ䷽ˮȵ䷽һһǧӣ֪Σ
ˮ֮ǰ֪ǿģЧ治
ڶԹҲġ
һǧһȷʵɹֻۣǡ
⻰쿪ʼĵڶ֣ÿ쿪ʼˣλǲҪֻӸ


52 ȥ

˼⣬ϵ۽ҲһЩ
׶˵˰ζ¥ȫкֵܶ꣬ζһǧ¶ˮȵǿ϶ԸǴԶһǧӵ档
һַʽĻǲҲֹһǧӣ
ѾѾĽ֮ķֳɺʽһ뷨
˵ӵҿǣͰ˵һǧӣϣܹһֺʽ
Ȼ԰䷽ǣǰζ¥ĳӰṩķȥǼ۸һǧӣϣԲζ¥ķֳɡ
պζ¥Ϊ棬Ҫɵ󡣡
ϵҲѾѾĽڱտھɵķֳɡ
ֻ˵ˣ׻᲻ͬ⡣
Ͼǵһθ̸⣬ﻹЩŵġ
ˮȵֻҪԼΣζ¥ĳӾˣֳɿ϶ǲ̸ģһʼֱӾ
ѾѾ𾪵ؿϣ۵ľ̾չȥռϴ˵磬ûзִɩ㶼Ҫأɩԭôġ
ϴĻѾѾ˵Ļڿϱ˫۷ġ
ϱȫȫסˡ
ʼԼϱ˶ĺ£ⱲӲȢôõϱ
ü΢š˼ϵĻ
ϵû뵽ģԭΪռҲͨũˣһǧӸһ䷽ǾӦüҲűֱӾͻӦ
û뵽뵽ֳɵķӡ
Թֻ֪ǻƶģȴŪƶôӡ
ðζ¥ĳӳˣҲӦóԲ
Ҳ˵ĿǰΪֹֻ֪ô
ѾѾĶؿף׵üͷһţһɿһһ顣
ֿһߴ˵Լ뷨ĴɩеԷûʲôζһ
һһҪôܹﵽɩͬɩĻأ
ѾѾһһæһһô϶֪ġ
ϵͳû⣬޾飬ô뷨ӺƭѾѾܹһ㣬ҪͨĴá
ûзӡ
Ȼû⣬ĸС˵棬Ůɶģй־⡣
ֻڽɫıˣС˵ﶼȥǮү̸С
ǱǵĴɩȥ̸С
ţǲġ
ϵͳһ£ѾѾԸƯ˵һ¶Ŷն飬ӣƤԵȵȣĴɩʲôʱƷһ¡
Թ֮Ӧþͻͬɩˡ
ôھȥôɩҳԡ
һôĶѾѾӾֻʣ³Եˣڸ˵ɩ˵ˣŶն飬ӣƤԵȵ֮Ķ
㶼ҳԺòã볢
ĽϾѾѾһؼңΪԼռҲ죬Ҳ˵ɩҲ볢
ԸԸϣѾѾĽϵĻ㶵˵һ䣺ðǾ͵ѾѾôˡ
ϣɱռҵʢǼҹһԷ
ĲˣŬسţѾѾ˵Ļڴ̧Ǽҹӡ
ָ£ôڣ˵ɩ˵ĻһҪЩʱȥǣҪɩܹѾѾ˵ĶҳӦû֪ô
͹һˣǹӸ֪ʲôʱʱ䣬ʲôʱǰ׼øֶƷ
Ǿٹ֮ĳЩҪ죬Ҫ뿪ա
Ӧ
ѾƣҪͻؾǡ

ѾѾĽԺӵϷҪϰһ顣
ֻվݵķ򣬾·ż
ѾѾĽϣȥǣ֣ǵؿ㣬ôˣﲻ𣿡
ǣѾѾҡܲܰһ⹫ӣܸܲһȥ˵˵˻飬Ҫٲȥ⹫Ҫ뿪ҾͲ֪˭ܰﵽˣҵ˺ܿͻҵ
ѾѾԼԴôأ㣬ţȥƯ˵

磬ѾѾĽϺͰҵϡ
Ҫһȥҡ
ҵܴ󣬺ܺĽϼҵҪ̺ӣֻƺûҵ
ѾѾһĽߣСشյĶߣΪʲôҪһȥֲȥ档
ڵγUͣĽϺѾѾ׶濿λá
ĽϿһףͣ˵ϲȥϲ𣿡


53 ֵС

ĽϺˡ
ѾѾ֪Ϊʲô
룬תȥ졣
㣬㲻ҪţƯڣ¿϶Բģ׵ҿ԰ӡ
ѾѾշֵľŰƱڲһˣԼĲ
ĽϸҲһ㽻飬ѾѾѹͶˣæԼյƱóҲУұĶ࣬Լȥܰ˵
òһ顣
ĽĹĵš
ϣѾѾֿʼſĳ⿴Ѿ磬ӵ˶ȥˣǰεûô֡
ڴ˵Ȼֵġ
·ԣǺ«ģǺ«Ͳõɵİϣ飬翪һ㡣
ɫİϣͮͮıǺ«ĺ˵
Ǻ«̯ԱߣСߵģŴߣ޷ǾòݻһЩСֻľͷصһЩС
Ʒֲ࣬ͼ񰡣Щ
ѾѾȴȤˡ
̯ӱϣǸͷ̯ӣ̯ǰһԴŴ˲·ĸŮ˺ܾãһһͷȻţûҪһ
С̯⣬ľǸֵ̡
гɼǲׯƷ꣬ƷӣԼ̣ӻ̵ȡ
㣬Ľϣȥʱһ˯֪𣿡
ѾѾضĽϣֿףƯ磬ȥʱϹ𣿡
ǸƯģƯҲӦ˻ǻȥ
ҪϹĻ϶ҪƯͬС
ѾѾ۾׿Ҳľܾͷ
ͿԹϣѾѾһӾǴ˼Ѫһĵصĳŵһᾡ
ʵϣȷʵܿͽˣѾѾ޹أҵһף˵Ե֮󣬵ʾӵ²
õƸҲˣҵȻȥĸһҪġ
ȵȡ
ҳʱѾѾ뵽ЩʲôſڵԼܽˡ
˵һ仰ЦСһܳ
һһҺܴɣͰ㱨˳ˣԺĸһһҲư㡣
ǣ
ϵͳЩҲĴСӵĻԣڷһ䡣
ѾѾϵͳڷأǣŰߡ
ϺܽѾѾͲֱȥйˡ
ҪԱǺ«Ư磬Ҫˣԡ
׸ѾѾѾѾϰʮǺ«תͷȥס
ҡͷãҶЩĶûȤ
Ŷ
ѾѾӹʮǺ«ԼĴֱַĽϺͰһ
Ǻ«ᣬԶ˶ݲãʹݿ϶ûҵĺãٳһЩ͹ˣҿԳĴ
ĽϲˣƾʲôѾѾԳĴֻܳ
ԼóӶһѾѾһĴǺ«
СˣǷݱǺ«ҲûгԣϰһֽѱǺ«Ŵȥռҵļӳԡ
׺ѾѾ˵Ļ
˵ٺҲôԱǺ«ɣĴЩˡ
С˵㡣
һҪȥǱߵ죬Ҫööͷûȥɩǻи滨
ѾѾһͽһǺ«ſյľӣŵڶߵԱߵС̯ӣһߡ
ȥͷ̯ӵʱǶĸŮš
СʮңѾѾҪһ㣬ѾѾվڱϺؿ
СѾѾĿ⣬תͷѾѾһۣߵһӶ㵽Լ׵һࡣ
ѾѾɲ֪˼СﲻĵţС㣬ǲ֪ĸÿҪҪҰǿһҴɩ˵ҵ۹ˣƽʱĶǶϲˡ
ˡǲˣϽ߰ɣҲͷˡ
СЩѿ
ѾѾɵùؿһۣתͷȥĽϣĽϣҳúСôң
ĽϰѾѾһۣҾ̫ˡ
Һ܆𣿡
ѾѾӵС
С׻һᣬСߡ
һߣͷ̯ϰ˵˼䣺ոǶĸŮҲ֪ô£ÿ̯ǶһͿһ죬ɾǲģҲø߲ǣ


54 

᲻Ϊѡϰ֢ѡҪĸͷ
ѾѾһһ˵ļ棬һЩѡϰˡ
ѡʱ򶼻ţѡܾöѡһԼҪĶ
ͷ̯ϰŲ֪ʲôѡϰ֢ҲںѾѾ߳ĽϣͿʼдǡ
ͷɶÿģҼ۸Ҳʵݵģ㿴ϲĸöŻݵġ
ŻݰʲôŻݣ
ѾѾһŻݼ־ͺܼ
Ȼֻ꣬ҲǸŮӣ仹ǸǰŮӡ
ŻʾرС
׺ҲƵ߹˾ѾѾ
ϴ·ɫǾǵĿɫҲֻоǲеƽӹˡ
ͷ̯ϰ忴һۣ˵ǹʮͷĻҾһͷ㡣
Ҿʮ㣬ʮͷ
ϵͳ
һƭ𣿾Ȼͱϰ·ˣΪ͵һͷ˶ʮܲôҪͷ
ĽϱӵؿѾѾ˵һ䣺ִôͷô
ΪʮϰһһҪӵģвҪӵĶΪʲôҪ
ѵǶʮҲҪ𣿡
ĽϵһξԼҲѾѾĸߺܶࡣ
ֻǺ«ʱϰ˵ʮһʱŻʮ
ʮͷһ䣬Ųô顣
Ҫ䣬ŻῼһһʮͷȥѾѾҫõѵͷ
ѾѾڲȱӣָˣҲû˼
ѾѾһӾð˶ʮͷϰ嶼Цۡ
ȻûˣǰȺĲȱӡ
۸񶼲ʾôࡣ
̧߸۸ʱѾѾÿͷǰŵļ۸ӣѾܼۡ
ϰ壬һһٶʮģӣͷˡ
ѾѾݹȥͭ壬̯һͷԼĲ档
ϰعæֹУǶͷҪʮǮģ͸ҾͿˡ
ղŲδ涨ͳͷģΪξͲǶ䣿
վ˵
ϰ岻ҳˣ˵ģãһôͷҲ
ѾѾӣҪȥ׺ɩΣֳƷȥ
һһϵͷ
ôôһ㲻ģô࣬ȻǻȥҲͷɣȻǾ͸С˵ʮһͨĿɫġ
һŶʮǮó԰
⼸ͷֲܳȴȥˣѾѾǼȫԸ⡣

ѾѾεһ׻ƽͷ棬һǻʮӣָСǼɩһһͷ棬ÿ׻ʮһٶʮ
һƽĴӣӡ
ӳϾŰƱһӾʣٶʮ
һһ㶵ġ
һСãȻҲôƴ֡
ӣѾѾȥڵĵ˶ʮеģһһӣöʮûˡ
ӶǡǳɼǲׯƴֵѾѾһȺ˽ȥ
ðѡ˼ɫĲϣֱİÿֻȥʮӡ
իʱ򣬽ȥѹһ飬˱īֽ⣬һûˡ
ѾѾϾʣһʮƱ
ôõĴ꣬˵ʳܻǼ۵ģҪʳȥҪȥĽϣҪ𣿡
ѾѾʣµһʮƱĽϡ
Ľ룬ͷɣˣҿ
һֳ̡
ѾѾ˶࣬Եöࡣ
ѾѾһͺϰ壬Ҫٽףٽۣһٽƶһٽ̶һٽɰǣʮΡ
̳ѾѾϾֻʣһ
ȥɣҪԺܶܶ⡣
ѾѾ⵵ǰ档
ʮ⣬ʮ廨⣬ʮŹǡ
ҪȣⲻţѾѾֱһͷȥ
Ǯ֮ǰʣµӾ㹻֧
ѾѾϻʣһƱһӡ
ŹĹĵĲһӾô࣬ѾѾͣ˵˵治ͻ
ϵͳףĽϣɣ
ӱʾ뱳
ףҲûôģʲôһѡ
һʱ̫ҪɽˣѾѾǻҪش档
ڰζ¥ǻȥ
׵֮ǰ뿪ʱ򣬴Ǿ͹ˣڿٶȻôණѾѾңռҵĻڴ


55 

ѾѾҪߴ˰ɣҲҵǼôණ
Ǹװŵĸʳ˰ɣٵмٽⶼǼҳԶ˰
ǲƥٵʮƥˣǼʶʲôˣȻһôණ

˵Ļ˴ϱС
Ϊ´飬ϱݺݵشһ٣ڴ˽£ڲǿ´
ѾѾҵ飬ӹһ͵͵ժĻƹϣҧгݵ˵ţңӦŶԣǼҵһжӦҵġ
ҪΪôᱻҪΪǼҵˮҲˡ
ϱڶѾѾĺﵽ˶㡣
һԱ߿һƹϣм˵ߣþ͸һСС;յ˶ûôҪŮӡ
ţԺߵ̫ʡˣһͲͨ˼ңǶ϶ǺӵģԺֻܳΪĽϵӣʲô
ϱ´վһᣬ۵ܣСĵſڴϣһֵֻԴһֻŻƹϣš
һǼһӵôණ
ϱڴô춼ûϴ˵ʱһŵζѬһűԶһЩŻش⣺
ţʱҲںȥˣкüٽףкüٽۣлƶ̶ɰǸЩкö⣬ӦҲʮƥ
кܶģǸӿĵĺǸסѾѾҵĹϱźüӣ治֪ʲô
Сģ˲²ǺֵǮĶпʲôƷ֮ġ
ϱٵذһƹϿ꣬Ѱ˼
Ǽҵõôණܲȫǣˮʧյ£ǵøһΣһȥǼҡ
ѾѾҡ
ɰŰѶͽȥְ˾ŹѾϸ׼Ķ˼붹ˡ
ֻʣѾѾҵ˸
ݱѾѾĶѵ
ѾѾ˷ܵشӰһӣȥϿ˵㿴Ҹ㿴ϲϲ
ҲУдɩɩɩɩģҸҶǿϲϲΪġ
ѾѾʣµļӷֱүӺǡ
ǵһõӣҲǵһ򿪺ӡ
Ӵ򿪵˲䣬ɵۣ˶סˡ
үǿϴ򿪺飬ҲظŴ򿪺ӡ
һ󵹳
СɩȻعŵؿѾѾСӣǸҵģ⡭ͷöӰ
࣬ʮӶѣ׻ƽͷҪʮӣĻƽҲҪھֻһˡ
ѾѾ˵̾˿
һʱˬһǮͱɰˡ
ԺһҪһһúѧϰٶӲС
Ȼ´ȥϵʱûӻˡ
ϴѾѾ͸Ļƽͷƿߣ촽ѾѾһһʵ˵ǾŰͻֻʣһˣ
ǰҸ׵ͼɩӶƷ˺ܶʳϸ⣬ͻ˰˰ٶֻʣһˣףǲҲӺܲ´һǶ׬ӲС
ϱѾѾĻÿҪεˡ
ǲǾӺܲھֻѾѾһ٣İܼҺӡ
˰Ӱһҹһˣͱһˡ
ѽѽصѾѾıӣˣȿѾѾʲôɡ
ʲôʱѾѾϵľŰƭû֣Ӿûˡ
үӺռҵҲǳ˳顣
һӶû˰ӣѾѾŸյ־ͻˣԺ׬ӲŹѾͷ
ΨһοǣѾѾҲûһǸġ
ǰֵذͷ潻ԼɷţȥһѾѾĶ
ǲҪͷϣȥˣ
£붼û
ֲǲϲͷ棬ֲûӣʲôˣСӵ⣬Ǿ£ȻһСԺ󲻸ˣҲȥɱ»ӻˣǲǰܼˡ
Ѿͷô飬Щɿö
үӰԼ֪ôȥĴպãҲæѾѾһ飬ùһۣûġ
ѾѾЦ˵ţЩģҿëʿ컵ˣһһֻµıʣիƹ˵ˣõıʣ˵ʺòã


56 ϱ

ϴԼɵɼȻûеҿԳԵܺóԵĵģһڴѾѾ⣬Ҳرĸˡ
ϴŴҰѶʰãѾѾϻһƱ
Ͷ˶룬ǰˡ
ӶѾѾģֵǷȫ˶ʣµһӾԼҪĶˡ
ҼҲȱһӡ
ˡ
ԺȻҵĿ
кܶѺۣ̫Ժŷ֨֨
˭ôҪ𣿡
հõȥֹȥš
վŵ˭֮󣬷Źϡ
ǴϱһӲǼ˽
ǽʲôǼҲӭǣǿȥȥ
ϱһһݵķܣ׷ȥ
ϴϸʲô˵߳ѯʣ˭˰
ʳڣͿϱһǰ
һһӦҪˡ
ϱһ˹ȥϴһˤֻȽסһȵһ֮󣬴ϱѾܽ档
滹ڵĴϱһռҵݣͿʼһѱһغţ尡ǾͿҰɣΪ˲ôǷǼѾѾѾѾӣ˵ҡ
ЩˣҼҵҵöһ١
Ǽڶˣ˸ôöǾԼȥǷ˶ӣǾͻ˰ɡ
֪ǿܲԼȥ飬ǿ԰ӽңȥˡ
ܲܣǴģԼ𣬻ҪİҪҲ̫ˡ
ǼҾͿͬôķϣͷŹҰɡ
ϳȥԺ˰ɨѹָŴϱŭ˵˵һΣ˭ɸҼѾѾһϵҼѾѾ㲻ôȥոׯˣ
ڻǷŹ㡣
ϱˣڼﻹǷ˴˺üӣɲϵɨˣֱͦţֱ׳˵ţ
˵²ǼѾѾģҪǼѾѾȥ峤˵Ҫ°µ꣬һȥ˵ЩҼҵҵĻң
ǼҶˣӾ͸ǼԼȻҲ̫ȱˣԺѾѾˣ޲ȥˣ
Ǽ޲ȥҲǼûϵ˭Ļ˭ȥ
ϺɨѾкڴϱϡ
ɴżܵҲŹߣҪС
ռҵݲһͲǶʮƽ׵ӣվռҶʮˣеġ
ϱ׷ûеطܣֱӾ͹ڵϡ
ү۰ɣˣ˻»ҪжΣҲԼӾȥӻҲЩǺöûԵ˹жࡣ
ͿۣһҵˣһԺ󶼲úɡ
ϱǱռ˸ˣһؿ޺ҪѾѾһҶú
һûнֱܵϷȥ
֮ǰϱõļƻ
ϱǣסռˣȥϷǼҵĺöӶֱӰǼҵĶ͵ߡ
ʱӵľǼˡ
ϺϴݵĶûйһǶһһСԼԺҲʲôġ
ϱǲΪү۾ϹģԼģүῴ𣿡
ѾѾү§ڻؿŴϱ
ү̾˿ѾѾԴһ´˵Ϊү۾ϹģֻǲԸԼĴѡ
֮ˣΪǸһǶöԼ鸺
һǷˣǾҪѧᷴʡѧϴСɴ֪𣿡
֪˵ġʡ𣿡
ѧÿշʡԼҲһҵǿ֪ԼʲôĵطȻ
ţϱ϶Ϊûѧ֪ôһˣÿ
ѾѾܽһ䡣
ȻһһϷ
ѾѾүӷſŴȥϷϷӰѾѾȣһҼҸʲô
һ˺ܾþҵһƥɫĲϱϡ
ѾѾŵһɿƥϡ

һݡ
ϱɸֵصһۡ
ôô
үӴŭһӣģȥѴ峤
峤ˣĽҲ֪£ŹѾѾңѾѾһϢ
һĽϣͻȻεȥ


57 Ҫ

ĽؿһۣѾѾ˵ԺҪ岻ͲҪȥܣһεˣѱŻġ
ţҲǣҪôڱ˼ˣ֪˻ΪҪء
ѾѾɷµ˵š
۾һǲҪѹȽϺã
峤ˣүӻᴦһĸŮ顣
ѾѾһĽϴһ飬û˴Űɺ;˳ȥ
ѾѾϵͳѧһϷҼϷ
ǣСֶӻдĽȥԺ棬˵ĽϣҼϷɣҵף㵱ǾǵС
Ľϵһ˲øƻһ
˸ȥѾѾͰ͵˵ţááð
ѾѾûע⵽Ľϵ˷ܵ˵ǾͿʼˡ
أǼҾһͨׯ˼ңĶһĶˮһĶ˶ӣ飬׾ڼӸǼһһͷֻ
ǼҺ˶ԲͼҲԲá
ÿڼﰧ̾أҪôȥ׬Щӡ
ѾѾͰźõľ籾˵
ĽšüģҲֵأҲô
Ҫӵˣôô
УҶˣٸĵĻ۵ġ
ѾѾնؾܾ
˵֮󣬾ͰĽϸϳȥӵµȥɻˣȻͷˣǻܲˡ
ӵ
ѾѾӵĵ
ĽøҪըһæתĶӡ
ѾѾɾˡ
ɺ;ȻѾѾͲ˶٣ϲеԶ
˸ղҲѾѾĽ˵ȴʲôûֻɻؿѾѾʵСãʲôʱкˣǳ׵ʱû֪ͨǺϲ𣿡
˳׶һҹȥϲƵġ
ǵСóǶ֪϶Сˡ
ίسҭ£Сøӳ׵ʱǲкܶܺóԵĲˣ˶Ե𣿡
ӼôǮСó׿϶кܶóԵĲ˵ġ
ᶼˣίͰ͵ؿѾѾСãһֶ𣿡
ѾѾ̧֣˵ԴϷֱһ¡
˵ˣĴĻͶ飬Ŷţ㻹ǲҲ֪ôװôһЩƫƫһ쵽ֻ֪档
ҲҲŶ˵ˣҪʮԺſԳ׵ģڲꡣ
ѾѾֶӣ̲ס̾
۵źɸֵı顣
Լʵ̫ˡ
ǽͣҸĽϸ˵ϷҼҾϷ֣ϷҪݲͬݣȻƽʱ֪𣿶ҵĶӡ
ѾѾ룬һ䣺ǾͰԼɰ˾Ÿ´ĺӣֻ˵Ҳ·
ͲӰϷˡ
ɺ;¶ģֻѾѾ˵һ䣬ֻ˵Ҳ·
˿һ۶Է˵ϣ
ѾѾϾͽɫ
ѽɣô˰㿴϶డͱ㵽ϣʱ仹磬ɻᡣ
ɣҲڴɻᣬﻹҪȥιأԽԽãɽϵݶˣҲ֪ܲܰεЩݻ
Ǽʵ̫ˣˣǸֻСһȸڵĸҪСֻӶ֪ôˡ
ǵĵҪǵĵ͵ģǻмôôأǿˡ
ѾѾðɺ;ԺõϣŶͷĺգ̾
ﵱ۾ϹˣŻ޸ǵĵˣ֪ɽڵʱ·ţӦ·ߵģͲǵ˵ǵĵǳúÿʲôðÿֲܵԲǣ
ҪǴɴ඼ˣҪȻӶ֪ʲôʱǸͷˡ
ɺ;Ժȫ֪Сں˵˵Щʲô
һСͷ߹Ҫ˵ѾѾ緹ûеĽϣѾѾĻͷһߡ
Ҫĳ嶯
ѾѾĽˣŵ˦֣ȥϣզô;ͻ˰ò͵˰ɣ
˵ٴˣɻ͵ģһ͵һҿ綼Բˡ
Ľϣ
˭ʲôҼϷġ
Ϸ֮ǰ˷ܣߵ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
һ˵綼ڼ˯ûˣǻԷģòỹûɣ


58 ռ־

Ѿ˰ӹ̫࣬һͷûУҶûзʱô졣
ѾѾܿ췴Ӧ˫·ϲȥǸծһû٣;ʹ¡
⿴Ӱɣǵ´ˣҲʱѧһôչ˺ˣΪڼжһ
Ťųȥ
ȻֳɵĹߣֳɵĵطȻҪʵһ¡
ûһᣬǱߴưײ
ĽϿϵһ˫۾ؿİɺ;ɣֿķ
Щ־δӡ
һ֮Ӿͱô£񲻾͡
˸ᶨԺһҪúӣúԼļҲУŲҪÿصҾ߶߶ġ
ݴѾ
峤һʹϱȥ
ϳѾѾ
ѾѾĽϾԺ棬ûȥǡ
ϣүӺʹ峤վ˵仰
ռҵ˾վϺүӺ棬ǳʹ峤ġ
ȻﴫѾѾǵĿˣ쿴ǲǵˡ
˵ֿʼ߶߶˵㰡ǸʲôʲôУ㿴ӣ㶼ʲôˣҾͳͰѺǶŪˣҪԺҳȥǮǡ
ͷڼչ˺ӣҲ֪ӻ᲻ᱻŪ
Ҳ࣬ɽڵʱͲóȥҹ䣬ȥҹ䣬ܱƭ𣿡
ǵģԽԽꡣ
£ִư衰žײ
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ϣүӣ峤ռҵˣͨͨɵһ㡣
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ϣүӣ峤ռҵˣٴɵһ㡣
ûɣѾѾӶˣ
峤ޱȵ𾪡
û뵽ϽĴﾹȻô𾪵顣
ԼǺӵĺӣӶˣСӹƺǺܺá
ѾѾĽԹԶ
ѲôǮӼһ¶Ӹϱ
ϰŴö޴ŵͺϣҡͷ񶨴峤ĻȷʵѾѾû峤ˣѾѾԼأôܸкأҿӲ֪ʲôϷˡ
ĻһȽ˵Ϸ
ﲹš
ŶԭϷ
Ϸ峤ˡ
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æˣͻȥ̣ܽҪǻ´ξأأʲô˵ĶЩʲô߰Ļ
һѾѾղ˵ĻϾ̲סü
߶߶Ӹø࣬Ҳ֪СѾͷȥѧġ
ڸĽҼҵϷҵףһöûУҵĵȫûȣˡ
ѾѾƺϷУ˵ֵһĽϡ
ĽίѾѾ˵Ȼ֪ûãΪʲôͲܰҵ軻һأ
ұҲ۵ġ
үӣϣ峤ĽϵʱﶼЩͬ顣
ϡ
ˣˣϴϴ׼Էɡ
Ϊ˲ĽϼѾѾӣϾûǴǵϷȽϺá
ֻǣѾѾû湻
ҡͷҪһҪ棬Ҫ𣿴ɣɣɡҪҪһ棿ҿǵҵھӡ
׶ѾѾԹĽϵռˣҡͷҡø˹һǺæ棬Ǽɡ
峤»ᱻѾѾȥǴӵĴ峤Ͻһʹϱ뿪
ϴ϶壬дɶɵһ̵ˣϺүӴŹǷת
Сϼȥæ
Ժ棬ֻܿʣѾѾĽϺͰɣɡ
ԷˣѺҲ
᲻ӰѺǷһϰѲŪˣɵԼô죿
˵㣬ȥһΪԼжˣ극һӾˣҵÿʲô¶רŸϴӶҲԼж͡
˺ˣɶɲˣǵһʲô¶ֻ֪Ÿ˿
ĬĬȫ̵ռˣǳŽһͬľ
Ժ󿴵ѾѾҪҼϷһҪϽߡ


59 ӵķ

ϵͳڷʡԺܸѾѾ˵̫ûʲôӪĹ¡
˵ĽѾѾ֮󣬶˳극ߵģȴûС
һƣһصң˻㱨
ѯʣȥѾѾҸʲôˣôôһ
Ļ̌ͷŮӳ֮󶼻߶߶𣿡
üĽϵԴŮӳ֮ʲôӣΪӦÿɷôԴģɷСһ浥
֮⣬ҲԸܵһӰɣҲ˵߶߶ˣҲֻѹˣҪйһ¶ѡ
˴ΪĽСʲô˵
෴ֻҪĽ֪飬ޱظ֪
֪ôˡ
Ľһ
ѾѾһγҼϷúܿģռ´λҪ档
ռˣ
ˣʲô
ãҼϷʱѾѾͦġ
׸ռԼˣԱĶƷϺܽţһô⡣
Թ֮󣬾ͱѾѾȥѾѾŵԶ̨һϣѾѾ˵͸ѾѾ˵Ķ
ãˣĶƷͲǺˡ
˼֮ϾͰѸԼҪƷļãöţŵˮﱣʡ
ˣɩ㵽ȥɣ˵ˣҪ˵
ϰѶźãֹѾѾȥ
ռҵ˶š
ɫѾؾ͵͵ơ
ռжˣⲻҪҹѧʲôģ͵ֶȻռҲδȱ
ʲô
үӾϵһ仰
ҲΪԭºռҸծۣҲδѾѾɣɺͰѧ
ѾѾһݵģѾڱһᡣ
ѾѾϽү־ٵߡȡһ˵ѾѾҲˣҾͿʼ˵ˡ
˵ɣš
ѾѾϻܵϣζүߡ
ɵصͷ
үԴڣҲ֪⹫ǼҵѾƣѾѾӷȥĲ⣬еǧİӡ
Ǽҵһεõôӣһǰ붼
ǽйǣӣǾӦôΪ
ѾƵʱÿ˶˵ģӣȻÿ˶ȨȥЩӡ
үӵϴ󣺡ϴ˵ɡ
ռϴ󺩺Լĺף˵ǹеӣõɣҸԼҲӡ
Ҫ飬ռ˶֪үӡšһȷʵˣ⹫еҲһݵģҪʱûôãҸһ֣ʱɺͶɳ׵ʱðɡ
ϴΪˣүΪûָܸʲô顣
ֿ϶룬ֱԽ϶˵˵ҪôΪ
үӼ㣬Ժһִڿ죬үڴķԡ
ƺˣֱӾ˵ΪǼӣӦȽӣҪѵػøһ㣬´һü䶼ˮˣۼкü䶼ˮˣǵķ䣬ĵķ䣬
Ǽһע⵽ǽѾЩѣݶǱҲѿһЩ
ڴҶҾòɴͽķӣש߷ģҲԶּ䣬Ժ´ҲõĻˮѿкǳˣҲԼķ䡣
壬ɣɺܿ͵˳׵ˣǰ׼Ҳá
Ǽ˶࣬ʱҲҪ̫ˡ
귿ӣʣµǮԶĶأȥЩⶼУĻǰõױܡ
ţү°ͣƺĻӣ˵ĻǾôзԵ𣿡
ϴģ嶼ûʲô
ϴ´ܶ෿ӶˣǼΪһ£ûʲô𻵣СȻܶࡣ
͸˵ǵƵˣˮǽڻˮӣ½ҲǺġ
˵˶࣬Ŵʹˣֵܣ׸ӣĸӣҲʺ϶סһġ
Ǽ¡
УΨ϶ЩԹؿӵҲ뵽ˣոնˣΪʲôֱң


60  ǩͬ

ΪûүӸոǿһۣƿġ
ѾѾүߣӵؿ϶磬ҾӦö࿴ģ࿴飬֪˹֪֮ʲô˼ˡ
룬ƽʱֲҵȥĲģĽ飬ʲô壬ǵҶ㡣
ʲôģ
϶ǱԼøŵؿͱһ¡
ұ벻ã򲻿ġ
ѾѾؽ˶ֿ֮үӣʳ˺϶⣺ҲĺӰôҵ
үһ˲ĳ嶯ҪѾѾղŸ϶˵ĻԭⲻػظѾѾ
ȥ飬ѧѧʲô˹֪֮
һСѾͷô
ѵȥ
Ҫӿ϶ûһͻˡ
ô룬үԼĹŮԴرһ䣺ѾѾأѾѾǼҵõһҪôźأ
ѾѾܽؿڣӰȻʣµӾԣĳԣ͸ĽǼһ⣬Եġ
үһֻģʲôͷã͸ѾѾ˵һȻʣµԡ
ֻǣǼլҵʣµĵطˣҪڱֱӽ·ӣλò̫ҪǰѾɷӲֱ֮ؽһôҲûطס룬ҪȥҴ峤Ǳǿֱܲ
ʱڱϽլӣǿô
үѯŴҵ
ռ֮һֱôŽᣬΪүӱȽÿӵ뷨Щõļҳʲô¶һá
ռҵÿǴһġ
û
ϴͷ
ӵôүҪȥҴ峤լأҪѡػӣҲ˵Ҫܽġ
ռôӲͬ˼Ҷڳٹһʱ䣬ǳԵʳû䡣
ʳû䡣
ʳ֮󣬾Ҫʼ˰ˡ
ֻҪ˻ũ񣬾Ҫʼ˿˰˿Խ࣬˰Խࡣ
֮󣬾Ҫ˰ȥ
ũѡʳҲѡʳӣӵĻˣÿҪǮ˰ʮµĺͯÿ˽һǮ
ʳֱӽʳ˻ûôգɽ꣬ʳջԼԵġ
˵ȥ˰ˡ
ЩռһӶˣǺ޲ѶѾӵĺӶص档
һ˾Ҫཻϰġ
ֱҪǵ
ϲżңϲŶˡ
ҪҰ
գѾѾˬѹ
Ϊյ飬ֵöܲ죬кܶ˼ҵĺӶû˼Ѻֽ͵ѧȥ峤үЩ飬ΪѧǲϿεһ졣
֪ȥѧã˷ܵڴϲԸˣֱ·˵Ѿˡ
ѾѾ͵㣬˵ƯѾˣôˣ
ţһˣ˵ǻû緹ɩڸ緹ء
ҪȥƯ˵黰УһҪͬɩĺɩĶžͿɺˡ
ѾѾŰ·ЬӶûϵã˳ȥ
ں׷ϵЬӡ
ЬӸһϵãѾѾܣɴֱӱȥϴ
㣬㣬ҪϴȥƯ˵
㰡εص˵ıӣͷ뿪

ϸ׼緹ожԣжƤ
˶Ķ״ûмġ
һ緹׾ͳһֽš
Ҫͬˣ֮ǰ׼Э飬ûǩЭ飬֮㿴ʲôʱȥζ¥ҵĳЩ
ѾѾЭϵݶ
һûʲô⣬ѾѾǩԼ֡
ѾѾΪʲôҪǩϻģֱЭǩ֡
Ŀȫ̵ףü
Ѿͷļ˶ĺܲ
ôֵǮ⣬Ȼ۾Ҳգһ£ȫѾͷ
ǩЭ飬ֱ׵ȥϰζ¥
׸ŰѾ͵ȥ˰ζ¥Ϸ֮󣬾ֱӳˡ
ѾѾûܸһȥϣֻڴС档
ǸճûжãϵͳѾѾԺöɩһ㡣
һһΪʲôô˵
֪ոЭǩԼζʲô𣿡
⻰һˣʮϰ˵ʱ¹ˣһҪһ֧Ŷǣ


61 ʩ

Ϊɩд֣д
ռҲ˶дֵģǼĿǰǲġ
ѾѾúܼ򵥡
Ϊʲôд֣
ǰΪʲôдأ
ѾѾ֪طӦ
û´ɩӦǾЩƷģҲģԺ׬Ӷ㡣
ŶԺӾ͸ɩԡ
ѾѾЩζʲôֻ֪ӾͿԳԺܶ⡣
Ժɩԡ

ϴϻˣѾѾϵ顣
һһ˵֮̾˿ҵӶˡ
ΪʲôǼҵӲͦõҶ˺öˡ
ѾѾָϿ
Ҳ֪ôѾѾͣǡôϱϣǹɩĶԻ˵ӿɲѹҲ˵ģ˵Ǵɣǰʳգһǵʳˡ
ļҲڳų¶ȥĳԵİ
ϱҲ˰ɡ
ѾѾŴϱ֣ÿһЩڳһЩλ
ϱֱѾѾߡ
˰ѾѾм䣬Ϳʼ˵ѾѾǻûȥϰɣ
մϻ˵ˣҲ̫ƽˣһӵϰնûճɣ˰ֿˣڰǶֵȥˣܸء
ڻ͵֮飬СģѾѾʱ仹Щȥϵĺã˵Сȥģ㳤ôãҪǱȥ˶ϧ
ŴϱĻϺѾѾ˵ûȥˣɱ͵͵ȥԵġ
֪ˣɩҪȥѧãȥ϶ûʱˡ
ѾѾɵصͷ
ϱЩϰô죿ûʳǲǻˣ
ϱҡҡͷҾͲǺˡ
ϱҪ˵ԣ˵껹ûؼȥɻ
ѾѾҲ顣
ֻȥĽϡ
Ǽȥ֪ʲô𣿡
кܶնԲ𷹣ܰ𣿿ԼʳҲ޵𣿡
ѾѾһĽϾһ⡣
˵ҪǴҶûʳԣ᲻أ
ѾѾĽϾҵĺɻر졣
һͿһ㣬Ľ϶챻ºɻˣֻôѾѾļ򣬰ѾѾȴϸ˵
˺ˣ࣬һۡ
á
ѾѾĽСԴһСš
ҸӾǹʱ;ҲһЩȽƶĵطʱкܶһЩլǰŶӣǰ˺ܿͻһʹף˵Ϊзѣûԡ
ЩǮ˼ҾͳǮף˳ˣҾҲ
Ľϸ˴Ӿǹʱһ·Ҳ˲ٵطʶ˲ٵ顣
˵֮ѾѾ˫۷ؿ취ãһȥ͸˵õżֶȥװȥЩԲ𷹵ˡ
ѾѾ뵽ǧӡ
Ӧÿιˡ
תȥҵʱĽסһû˵ꡣ
Ŷ
ѾѾ
֪Ǽ֮ǰѾ˲ӣǹƾǼǧǸɲʲôµģһĻһҪԺܶණˣǧι˼ûģҹǸʩҲ
ǽʳûճˣҪʳҪȵꡣ
Ҫһֱиʩ࣬ǳԱˣҶɻܳԱˣֺαȥأ˵һֱʩǺûǻ
ǡøոͬĻĽҲ˵˾
ѾѾסӷɿתţҡҡͷ˵ãҪǴһֱɻǼôˡ
ѾѾֱ۵뷨
ǼҶҪɻ˲ŻзԵģǸ˵˭ɻϾͲԣǶڿ죬ҲŸɻ
ҪǴҶ¾͵ųԷǾͱɷˡ
ԣûʩôҳԱǲģڱҪʱʩ࣬е˲ڻУ֮ǵȥ¡
ҪʲôأǲҲзԣ
ѾѾüͷڤ˼롣
ĽҲ˼
˴͵ĹʱվȵӺ棬Сһ˵ĻοЦЦѾѾԵģ
ã
һеĳԣѾѾʲôˣĽ˷ֿһӵһߣ˰ѵķŵǵм䡣


62 ҰҵŪ

ģѾѾĽϻûõĶ
ѾѾҴһͻؼȥ
һһĽҪؼ֮Ҫһһ
ǣ˺ֵ顣
ѾѾȻϵһһˣôһһûлӦ
һһһһôˣǲ˯˻û𴲣̫ɹƨˡ
ѾѾܻطغš
һһһõˣĽ϶ҪãҪһһҲˡѾѾۡһ
ѾѾĿһӴռ˵ĶС
ݸѾѾ·ϣڳæһϺСϣιżеĻϣԼڸϴ϶ŵ
һӳ嵽Ϸȥ
żش󺰣ѾѾôˣǲˤˣ
ǲ۸ˣ
ѾѾﲻ
ϵߣһʱ䱧ѾѾĴı
ϺСվڱϽŵؿţϻһժһĲˣСһմ˲ĩĲ˵
ͷմëܽϻϴһմĿӡ
ɺ;֮ǰԺ棬Ĵ˶ܽȥСãǾͳȥ
ռҵ˶ŵأˮųȥ
ǰʱ˴꣬˲ٵˮ
ЩûüոˮĵȶˮˣڵͷЩҪǲãҪֲƶ֡
ռҵڵæ˼Ҳȫҳ
ɺ;һܵ﹡ϣʹţ󲮣ˣСóˡ
ѵռϵͷϡ
Ľץžɵ죬ʲôˣ
üð˳ۡ
æɿ
ڱϻش𣺡Сڷˣ޵úܴ̺Ƕȥ֪ô¡
ռҵûκͣܡ
϶תͷһ˰ɣһ˾ɣżܡ
ѾѾһʼķޣ϶سҭ
˺ˣ˵˵ôˣǲ۸ˣ
۵ĶһˣȴֻܱѾѾʲôˣøȹϵһ
ѾѾҭҡͷǣ򡭡Ľûйϵ
ʲô£ǲˤĶˣ˵˵úÿ
ǰǲˣѾѾȱްɩ˵ɩǰ㿴
ϰϵĲСϣվѾѾһࡣ
ѾѾҡͷ
Ǽˣ⵽ô°Сһֱ޲ǰ취ҪȥѴҹôСÿɡ
ԭⲽ˵꣬ſȥ
ѾѾ۾̧ˮһС˵ɩҪȥû£Ҿѹ
һһˣһһҲˣѾѾۡһ£޵øӴ
ռҵܵûԺţѾѾĿ
϶Ͻ°ɣٳ
Ҳǣܵñ϶Ҫ졣
ѾѾ˭۸ˣ磨磩˵Ұȥѵ
弱۾ˣСϵĲ˵ĽǲǣǲĽǳС۸ˣȥ㱨𡣡
ǡ
ѾѾַһ֮ЩۣٿˣſڣĽûйϵû۸ңֻǡֻҵѲˣҲˡ
ѾѾͣ
Ǵͺһ
壬ϵĻѳһ˵ϣίͰ͵˵ţ磬ҰҵŪˣҲˣҲܸ˵ˡ
ѾѾеѣռҵ˶ָ֪ľǸʲôѡ
ǲ֪ѾѾ˵İŪʲô˼ֻ֪û۸ѾѾͺˣһǿŽŵ΢
ѾѾıοţû£û£ҵġ
ѾѾ۾һ̧԰ˣҿǵ
һһ˵֪ʲô˼֪һһ˵϶ǺҪĶ
һġ
ѾѾһӾͱˡ
ôãЩۣĻ˯˹ȥ
ϴ϶ĸ壬Щް⣬ǼʵģǲģҪݺݵһġ
ǼѾѾôãѾͷҲ֪ô£һ¾ϲӾͷ

ѾѾ鲻ãΪЩϴһӣϺСϾܵذ÷ʢһЩ
ϰ֮ǰѾѾó廨⣬Źǡ
ռû廨ֻܷŵ߹ײһš
ŹҲ˸ܲһš
ζѾѾ˶ӣ˲ѹ


63 ôҶ

ռҾʱûôʢ
ɩӣ´԰ɣڰζ¥Թ⣬ɺóˡ
ôȥòã
ռҲûƽʱҪҲ㣬˶߹ġ
Ĳ˳ûгĲ㣬ѾѾѾԹĲ֮
үȥҴ峤̸ӵ飬̸˴⣬˵ѾѾ޹Ūԭ
ԭе㵣ģôȥο
ѾѾ˵飬ƺѾѵ£үһ
ѾѾᣬ϶ġ
ֱͷУȥϴһ㻹ʲôҪҲһ˵ˡ
ţ磬ȥʱ򣬶ЩҪԺܶܶ⣬Ҫ峤滨ǼһЩȥϵʱ˳Ѱͻȥɡ
˵ؼˡ
ռҴһʱ䣬ԭΪҵ˻ץԲһȥ
ҵҲҪȥѼĴꡣ
ѾѾԷԵú㣬үʱˣӴ峤Ļšüͷ˵ȥϣʳѾʼǼˣ״֮ǰǮһѾǵʮǮһǼҽյĴ׽Ͳóȥˣȫš
˰£˰ɣʱǼҵ˰ӵˣʳǼۣٽʳȥͲǺܻ㡣
꣬ũ˰඼ѡ񽻵ʳϾ˶òôӵġ
ֻǽ겻һ
ʳճɲãٹһʱ䣬ǳ͢ЩûʲôЧľȼôʩʳֻ»ǻһֱǼۡ
ʱʳͲˡ
ͷͬ˼Ϲһʱ䣬ҲʳˣǼʳš
Ǽҽ˶ٽﵾȣ
ѾѾҧһõ廨⣬̧ͷؿүӡ
ռһжʮĶˮÿĶĲʱİٽձٶңһ´ƽʮ
үӰŵֵѾѾ
ѾѾʣһĶܴٽף
ү֪ѾѾΪʲôЩһ£شһٽﵾȲܳʮס
ѾѾͷָԼָǺܹãһ԰ָ
ܿ죬˵һĶܲʮףǼжʮĶˮҲܲǧʮסǼжʮˣĸɶǳԵñȽ϶
ǼжʮˣһʮңһҪǧʮס
ٽףǼһǧ߰ʮס
ѾѾţ
ռҵ˲֪ѾѾȻЩʲôãһؿ
ѾѾ˰ָͷȥϵָͷ˵Ȱһʳǻʣǧһٽף˵ǲǣ
үûѾѾ죬Ҳ࣬һᣬ˵ͷȷʵ
ѾѾүӣںڵĴ۾һգһգЦе˵ǵʣµǧһٽףȥָЩûʳԵ˺òã
ǿȷָԲ𷹵ˣÿ˷һЩǲöӣǾͲЩˡ
ռ˻ȻԭѾѾ˰顣
ռ֮ǰǴƶйģѵÿôʳ϶ǵɱһҪúţٳԣʲôʱҪʼ
ѾѾ⻰ʱʶķӦôУǼֵʳôȥ޳ظˡ
ֻǹһᣬռ˶Ĭˡ
ﶼһЩ̧ͷͷףһطôãҲĿŴҽùġ
ү룬ͷȻǼӦһѵģѧ֮ȥ峤˵˵ӿô
ֻǣүӽ̾˿ֻα겻αģܾܲһġ
ҪôڶȳԱģ飬ǿ취
ѾѾοүӡ
ѾѾվߵүߣСС֣үӵļϡ
ү£ЦؿСĹŮͷãǵʹ͵ѾѾĺð취ˡ
š
ѾѾؿڣƶ
ţȹĽһȥϿ֮ٻǲҪȥʩ顣
ԹϰѾѾˢϴְϴ裬ѾѾǣŰȥϷ˯
գѧҪϿˣЩղʳĴżĺڼҲûãȥѧãѧﶼǽǮġ
ѧóһٷʡ¼ʳ
ֻǣһҪÑʱ򣬾δӽȥǡ
ѾѾˣѾȥѧˡ
һ˵緹ѾѾ
ѾѾš˼˸ӣһԵıӣסͷûһᣬû
ʧЦ⺢ӡֱӱѾѾ·ֱȥˢϴ
ѾѾȫѹ˴кʶһһк
˲䣬ֺۣͷɥضܵȥſϷ


64  Ԭʵ

ü죬ѾѾûʲô
ĽϺüζѾѾ˵ѾѾǷܵӦһšŶֿ֮ʼ
ԬڴкܶأֵģҲԼֵġ
ԬҵҲҪ鿴һׯҵ
ԬʿźţȥԺһˡ
ֱ֮ȥѧѾѾĽ档
ѾѾĿ͵ϣ˴Ľϵֱۣѯʣôˣ
֪
ĽϿǵؿѾѾ
Ӳеİüģһ㶼
ԬֱĽߡ
Ľϰһۣ⻰ܶࡣ
ǿμϢʱ䣬ѧĺձ鶼󣬶䣬һ˵Ϣһᣬȫţһ̵˳ȥ
ϾʣѾѾĽϸԬˡ
ԬʰĽ߲ԶһͷȥĽ
ιĽϣƽʱǺͦõڿӣһ뷨ûУ
Ҫʲô뷨
ûҪô𣿡
Ҷ˵˼컰ˣǲңô죿
ѾѾˣĺ־̫ˣ͸治һ顣
Ľϲĵˡ
ԬԲԲСԴתһȦСĽϵļһģ󺰣ˣ뵽취ˡ
ҪƽʱԬĽϿ϶Ҫģڿ˶취ѾѾ˵ķϣʱԭ
ĽϲڴؿԬʣ˵˵ɣ뵽ʲô취ˣ
Ԭ˷ܵ˵ţÿβ鲻õʱﶼϲԵϲ߸棬ҲѾͷϲԵĶиϲ߰
ĽϰԬһۣӵΪʲô÷ӣԭЩ˵Щˡ
ܣҪˣܻӵģÿóһռȳҳԣʲô˵鶼˵ģҲȥңҳռȸ԰ɡ
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ɣɣѾѾ֮ǰǵϷЩѾѾܵʦһ
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ô˰ɣʳǼҵģܾܲôƽ޹ʵͳȥʡôҾ;Ǽʳ࣬Ǹʳ
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˵Ҫûһң˽ӿɸզ

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ûֵģ໴ĺҲɹȳǱȥš
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65 㲻

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֪ҵףҲ̸ˣ˵ԸóʱжʳԱ˵ҡ
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ǰҸɵֵأ֮ģһʮӣǿʳҲԼɱġ
﹤ĻҪҪǣһ˵㣬Ҳ˵ˣǼҵĻ࣬ЩҲ࣬ҲҪܶæġ
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ԸǮһǴףϵĴ׿ɶʮǮһˣⲻǿˣ
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һʼÿֻһٽʳҪǺ滹ʣЩûģ˭Ҫ˭
ⲻֹԸóʳңҼҲˣȥǼҳõʳҲʣһЩ࣬ͼٽҪҪҲԸҼҹ򣬴˹Ǯһÿʮ
ҪҪģǾͲˣһжȽԼá
ճɶãΪ峤ҲǲԸ⿴˳Կġ
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ߣȥȥҪ顣
ʮǮһ׳ԲǮһģʡʡܹģǶһҸ峤һңǼҵ˽ܹǲٰˡ

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дվռҵԺϴ϶ǸǳףүӾվǰ濴š
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ү˵꣬Ŵϱ̾һ
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66 ѾѾȥɢɢİ

鲻ʱѾѾһѧûͻ㵽ԼķȥҲ˵
ԬһΰҼҾֹ֮ѾѾڶΣѾѾҲˡ
վϷ棬֪ǵڼ̾
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УմӴ峤ҹʱ·ǣǼҵķʱȫˣ·Ҳû
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ͨũҵķּ򵥣һϼ˾ԼԼ޷ˡ
ҾֻӼһĺӣ
ʱȥĴҽס˼죬ͣˣֻصƷӱϴ˸éʱסţⷿӻŪשĽ׶ΣҪԼѷӽ֪õȵʲôʱ
Ҳ֪ҵ˵ȥϴ˵ɣʲôҪæģٻ˵ﶼˣԽԽˣǼéס˶õģѷӽҲãҲø

ڶգϴ϶ǴŴɶɾȥҰæ
һӿôˣһ
֪ǵ֮󣬸жüڵϸǿͷ
˶⻰˵˵ģϴǰæҵķûͳˣۿٹ죬ҲȫŪˡ
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Ҫ˵ʳǲܵģһҼƶ˼ˣ⻹֪Ƿ˶ӡ
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ΨһĿԣǼûȥʳˡ
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ҪҪȥҼ棬Ҽϣɺˣʱһܴȥϵ䣬֪ĵóԡ
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һһʧĵڰ죬ԽԽˣѾѾʲôֻŰػһһһһǧҹҹ
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үһӳ
ϸµ
¼ǧƱǼһǺڼүӻֻԼӡ
ѾѾһ۵ݹӣֿһڴԥһᣬĽʱôˣ˵ͷá
գϴѶ׼ˣѾѾûѹ
һ㶼֮ǰһ֪ҪȥϾ˷ܵú޲ö˯ˡ
ϰѾѾ·Ķͷëϴ˴ھţȥѾѾˡ
Ͼҽݵʱ򣬴ѾѾȥɣѾͷҲ֪ǲˡ
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67 ˵ú

ѾѾʱѾţ档
϶ϴ󿴵ѹæóϸĽӳ˵ѾѾѾȥϵţˣܿͻᵽģȳԵӵӰɣɩġ
֮󣬼࣬ԼҲڼĶƷӵ⵹ʱ
ѾЩûˡ
ѾѾ鲻ãԣܹЩ
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ŽӣѾѾ̾˿
ţߵúҪ֮һң·ǿЩһԼôۡ
Űʱ֮ϡ
һȺӳ뵽ѾѾУԱ֮ǰϿ˶Ҫࡣ
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ڸڵˣȺӵؾһ飬еļڱ˵ĵǰ档
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кðɣǵԵģѾ˺öˡ
ˣһǮ˼ҳģ͸ǵӣȥԵİɡ
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СһѾѾǽӭ
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СվһߣС졣
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ҲֲЩģҶ˵ˣǰʱ䱩ʱкüӵ˼ҷӶˣѹˣӶ˺ЩʳҲûУҲǱƼˡ
үȥȥοЩˣҲ֪͢ǱʲôʱŻ¡
ܹӶùˡ
ѾѾվСĵط˵
ţ۾Ҷÿ
ɲֻҲû취飬ų͢Ͻ֣ðյӺùЩ
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϶ѾѾСԴЦСѾͷƬӹԼУϽʲôԵġ
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˵úã
ѾѾ˵꣬ӵӵһһŮ
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⻰ҪŬдˣҸ¾ܶʱˣҪ֧Ұ


68 ҺͶԵ

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ǸǶԨˣοǶһطҪǵòãôܹ
ҵͳ֮Ƕǣֶֹ֮ߡ
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ĵһġ
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ĵص˿ܾҪˣҲ֪ǻ᲻ᰤˡ

ϰô˸С֮Ĵڴ˵˵ţַԼӲѾѾĻˣҺãѾѾ绹Żؼҡ
˳˶ʮ廨⣬ʮŹǾˡ
ѾѾ˺ܶ࣬صϸֳ˼ݣһЩȥ峤ңЩȥ滨ңմ󷢼ҲһЩ
Ǹҷ⣬ǸҼʳģôѾѾԽԽǸɢͯˣԼҲӣȻǼ֮ǰļҵ׶ɢġ
˭˵أ⺢Ӿ̫ˣԺԿ
ϺϾͿѾѾǸһһڼתһȥתЦеΡ
϶үԺϸϵĻĵؿѾѾıӰѾͷǸ첲յģֻ֪Ա˺ãҲ֪úö磬Ҳ֪㶫
ѾѾȥϵʱ϶ҪĶڻǷżӣһͭ嶼ûС
ѾѾ򣬽ѾѾһ䣺滨ҶģҶûôҸ㶼ö𣿡
϶ǲöģ˭ѾѾӱ࣬˽ǮҲǼģѾѾˣϸ
ã
Сϰһۣưȥιȥˡ
ȥһˣȻЧѾѾ˶֮ǰҪлˣҿҪԺͶѾѾȥ߰ɣ⺢ϲȥϣȥˡ
ϿѾѾæòֺӣ˵š
϶뵽˺Ҫ飬˵ɲѾѾȥһϣʶŮԺҪѾѾȥߣŮС
϶£ϣϣСȫŵؿ˵ʲôѾѾʶŮˣ

ѾѾ֪ռΪУ˸滨һԺӣԭء
һһڽ
һһˣ
һһֻˣΪҲˡ
ѾѾվԺ棬ĵáۡһ
Ĵɱŵ޴롣
ռԺﻹûļˣŵȫ˳


70 

ɣǲ۸Сˣ
ֻѾѾˣѾѾڿޣʶؾÿ϶Ǵ۸ѾѾ
ȥŴɵԴһ¡
æȥѾѾСغţڣˣ˭۸˵ȥ𡣡
ѾѾһһʧõϲõУŵɻôȥ滨Լ˲ᣬתܻطҲϺϻں׷
һϷ͹ţţ˯һᣬǱҡ
ϣϣСϣ϶
ˣϢһᣬȥˡ
ϷھֻѾѾԺúһһ⼸ȥˡ
һһ⼸ȥˣ㲻˵㲻뿪ҵ𣿡
ϵͳ꼶ָһԼõϢѾѾͣȥˡ
ѾѾ⣬ʲô
ָӽϵ͵ļϸߵļҲӽϵ͵Ĺܷչ϶Ĺܣ֮ǰԭǴӿռﴩԽģʱ򣬹𻵣ȱʧһֵļ䡣
εҾͻָһЩˡ
ϵͳһЩѾѾܹԣ渵
ѾѾֵǣһһ˵ʧԴôҼǵҿĹŮʧ֮ǰײԴģ϶۰ɣҪҪ򿴿ǴҪô㿴أ
ˣҿԸһһĴġ
УһһҪԴۺ۵ĻˣǲǾҲҲˡ
ϵͳѾѾʱ䣬ͬʱҲ˽ѾѾġ
֪ҪѾѾĻѾѾûû˵һֱ˵ȥ˸յϽ廰
ǣҸ಻һʧʱ򲢲ͷۣ⣬ҲֻҪһ죬Ҿͻһֱڡ
ŶãԺһֱˣãһһҸ˵㲻ڵʱʶ˸µѣƯˣÿĵصÿ춼æ
һһ˵Ϊʲôϲأ㿴ҵãȻҲܴƯ·ǵа
ȥѧõȥ峤˵пˣҶУҶҪȥĽ桭
ֿʼˣһһЩΣѾѾ˵òˣ룺֮ԻʧΪȥˣʱһԶرգԺҲҵʱҲõģͻˡ
꣬һЩ顣
ҳ˿ԵļͥʦռһЩ㲻֪Ķ⣬Ҳϵͳһ֮󣬻ῪĹܡ
Ҫȥֻܻ֣ҪִﵽһͿˣֵԴǿʲô׶ȣ׶ԽߣԽ࣬Խ࣬Խ졣
ֿԿϵͳ̳ǣûֿɶһ̳Ʒ
ϵͳ˺ܶ࣬ѾѾֻһ䣬Ǿ´һһʧʱ򣬾ΪȥˣžǴСɴһȵһһˣֻ
ѾѾܿģţ߳Ϸ
Ҫȥģ
ϵͳѾѾ⣬ѾѾֱӿܳȥˣ֡
ѾѾ˵ػȥĽϰˣҸˣȥҼҾϷ뵽µľ籾ˣҪʧӣҪĽϣҸĺӡ
ϵͳ
ΪĽĬ
ѾѾȥĽϣҪմ󷢼ҡ
մ󷢼ҵķѾЩͷˣ´꣬һ飬Ǳ߸ֱȫˡ
մ󷢼ҾԺ˸ʱ̨
ϱ̨ǰʳմԶݣ׼ݶ
ϱ̾ۼҵʳȻǱסˣǱߣҴ˵ֻ֮һĵȣкܶ඼ˮݻˣ궼֪ôˡ
ȥۼһжף͵ȥɡ
ѾѾͣ½Ųվմ󷢼ҵԺ棬մ󷢼ҵΧǽҲˮˣûΧǽģŵŵŵ˽ȥ
մ󷢸ϱм䣬ǣɩӣҲûʳ𣿡

մ󷢼ҳѾѾ֮ǰһһ˵飬ֱӾͿڣһһʲô취ܰﵽ˵˼ҶûʳˣҲ˺öడټȥĻϻҵġ
ϵͳϵһҳ棬ѾѾ
Ҹո˵ϵͳ̳ǣ֮ǰ´ʱôļ˼Ҷǰׯڣֽ⣬Щ֣꼶ʣһЩֱӰ㿪̳ˡ
㿴̳
ѾѾСԣȵϵͳ̳ǣϵͳò֪õȵˣɴֱӸ
̳ƷͼƬ˵͸ѾѾ֮ǰͼƬһѾѾضźͼƬ֮üͷⶫӲ֪ܲҧö
ϵͳ


71 ׽Բ

ϵͳֱѾѾĻͣ
ڿǺͨĺʮ͵ĺѧĸڣ˲ֲĻ֮Ϳջ
ÿĶĲǸߴǧ
⸽İʳʧգҪڶǶܳϱعȥֲӦһѡ񡣡
ѾѾĶÿջûʲô
ھ֪òóԡ
ͷҧָϵͳҪôѺó
ҪѺóϵͳһ㷴ӦûС
ڻ̳ڣֻи̳ǶһˣģóΪڶʮͲܸߣһҲܵͣһ־ͿԶһһٽҪңôҶϺҽֱӶһһһҪһٻ֡
Ŀǰʣٻ֡
һһһ˵һ߸ѾѾʾôûֶһƷ
нѾѾô鿴Լϵͳ֡
ѾѾϵͳҳʾʣ٣뵽һһ˵Ҫһٻֶһһʱʹҡҡͷ
Уһô٣ҪţҪһóԵĶ
ոϵͳڽһʱ̳кܶóԵĶһӾͰѻֶһžӲĺ
ϵͳ˵ɣ
ѾѾֻԸһȥһٽֻ뻻һĶѣǻֵģ㼸Ļ֡

ϵͳĵذѺɽϣüȥ̧ʱ˵͸ġ
˶֪ѾѾһͨѣ˵ѾѾѰѺŵɽϣҲỳʲô
ѾѾûȥĽϼңҪȥɽϡ
ԶԶظѾѾ󱣻ѾѾתŴɣ˵ҲȥĽˣҪץԲأ۾ץҡ
СþƱ䣬ñǰʱҪ
ɳʱǵ˼ĶС鲻ãСʲôҪ˳
ɿ˿ΧڴͷҲӱߣûʲôΣգͱ۾һСҪغá
á
ѾѾȥɽϣѾˣһʼȾɽܡ
ɽ°ѺУǧɽ֪һˣһɽΣˣҲû취ġ
ϵͳǸĵıķһ÷ѾѾСԣһ˷ֱӳ嵽ɽϡ
ѾѾʹصͷ
ռɽԶȵѾѾɵ֮Ѿɽ£ʱ֣̫͵ʱ﹡˶ؼȥˣҲû˿ѾѾôСܵɽ¡
ɽһᲱᲱһƬӲݴԣӲݴԹȥɽ·
ѾѾһһ˵ĻӲݴѺ˳
һװĺͲӲݴҲܲصס
궫ѾѾǰԹҰ⣬ҪɽȥץֻҰûؼңһһסĲ鲻Ըܡ
ܵ·ʱĴɣŴ֣ɴɣ
ĿһĻϵͳ
СȻСһת۾ԼڸץԲϷ
ҪСÿģѾѾںҲװɤӺСãصˣҿ϶ܿҵġ
ŶˣҸץԲصġ
ѾѾȻæ˿ʯͷ
˿
װģز˺ܾãڵϣ󺰣СãҲ㣬ˣɡ
ӮˣӮˡ
ѾѾԭرı
ѾѾǻҪȥĽϵ飬ҲҪżȥ£ץԲصϷ񫣬˼ѣֱɹǻȥ緹ƨƨߵܡ
극ѾѾҪ˯
ϵͳֻ̾
ѾѾҪĽȥҼҾƣҪĽʶܷܷ飬ϸϴһϵݸĺˮ
شȥ
׷ȥ
ȵ´ȥϵʱҲһȥòãҾʹȥܷܷ㣬ܷܷ㳤ÿƯˣһҲϲġ
ܷܷĵÿҪˡ
ѾѾĽ˵˳ܷܷ飬Ȼشһͳȥܵһ룬عͷ˵磬һɣȻҪҰᶫɽϸЩ

Сʱ֮Ǵɽϴ˺һĺռҵԺڡ
ռ˶Χشš
ѾѾӺÿɰĳݹȥϣɩϴɾˮ˾С
Ŷ
ȥˣ˶Ժŵ϶ŵĺеȴ


72 ұʺ

ܳ𣿡
źӲ
ΪʲôҪԺѾѾɩӳԲãԽˡ
ĽŶӣѾѾ
ѾѾᶨҡͷУһҪԺ
ѾѾô֣Ľֻ˭лӵѾѾĴɩֲĴɩ
ģζӹƮƮԺ档
Ľӣʲôô㣿
֪ǺζˡѾѾϵվųȥ
ĽҲܹȥ
ѾѾãҲûҲ֪ôˣû
ùһŵѾѾȥ
ѾѾҲûĺʲôһһ֪ġ
һһʹصͷ
߹ȥſϣС촵ϵĺ
Ͽһۣ֪ѾѾѻȺĺŵߵ̨ϣҲһװš
ŵѾѾǰϡ
һѾѾǸСĺҲŵѾѾӱϣ˵Ǹӵģٳԣˡ
ǡ
ǡ
ѾѾĽش
ֻѾѾһſӱϵģĽҲſȥ
Ӳߣſǣ¶ͷ
ĽҲŰԲСǸš
ѾѾվŵģʱż˾ͻᴵѾѾϣѾѾһһЩҲᴵϡ
СӣΪ˽ϾŴţˮ˳
Ľϣࡣ
ѾѾϵĿˮؿĽϡ
Ľ½ǣԼϷزţŭɻȥࡣ
ࡣ
ࡣ
࡭
࡭
ѾѾ˵˵ţعȥһĽϣĽϿ϶Ҫֵġ
ǣϰѺ˳ȥˣſӻʱ򣬾ͿСŤһ顣
м䣬ǡ
ѾѾĽһһȵĺǰżţ߳ԣתͷһ۶Էҩζʮ㡣
ϺεЦЦ
Ҳڳź
ΪˣҲǳԹٶģǵһγԣҧһ֮͵ζ治ϸ壬ɿڣŻбС
ûҳ˰ܶģڸое㱥ˡ
ɵͷͣŵİаء
ѾԵòࡣ
ֻʣµŵһЩƤ
ĽϸѾѾԵúܿ죬ǳһֻСӣθС꣬ͬʱ˸á
󲿷˶һԱˣͻúһЩ
ѾѾĽϳԵöӹĹĵ֮һãֱ޻̸ĺû顣
øոô˵ˣ򵥣ճɺܿ죬¾ճɣһĶǧĺ
ѾѾذϵͳĻתĽ
Ľ𾪵صɴ۾ǧǲһˣˮҪ༸ʮ
ѾѾ°ͣͷ·ĶԼһޱȵԺǰǲǾú
ĽϵͷȷʵҪϰҲĻҾͲöˡ
ǰǰҲôģҪǴܹϺֻҪ֮󣬾ͿˣҺôóԡ
ѾѾ˷ܵذͷø˹һ
Сһ˵СԺҲ
˫۷Ŀ⾼ؿŵʣµĺ
ҲɵɵؿŵϵĺĶĻһĶĺüö鰡
ɲ֪ʲôҲź룬Ҫ컹ܳԵôĺͺˡ
ϴʵˣһѺ֣ŵϵĺ˼ҪôֳˣĶĻǼҵӦòȫֺɣͲһĶس־ˡ
ʣµĻǿԼֶӡ
ҽȥѵ
϶飬ͬʱڼҲ뷽跨һԼѾѾĽϵĶԻת鷿鷿ѧҵүӺ

ùãֻҪôϰȥֲأҲûֹ⣬ڳȥⶫ컨׹ģֻҲû˻ŵġ
ֻóһĶسֲҲδԸģؿǵڽ¡
үӳѾѾİغšüЩǡ
ѾѾԼظʮؿڣû£ңһġ
үѾѾԴСŮ˵ĻûʲôģԼҲţǲҪȥһ˴峤
֮ǰ֪ˣ֪ôõô˶ϡ
ѾѾѾҪȥ˭˵飬ֻҪѧֻдһţϴȥϵʱ˳ȥܷܷ
ѾѾһѧܣҪؼȥʴ磬ܷܷûиţ·ϱһһŮס
ѾѾұ㣬ұھҵѾߣ㻹ʺá


73 һϱܵ

ѾѾĽһ±ƵؿһߵĹ
վһߵĹܷܷҲʮӣϴŵ·һĻҪã޲ĶԽȹʽȽϼ򵥣ɫǳɫ
ͷžµķ٣տĳܷܷѾ߲ࡣ
ʲôұʺãҪұˣȥ֮ǰ˵û˵ͻ֪ˡ
һ˫ֻأͷʮ̧𣬽ؿѾѾ
ѾѾĽϵ֣˵߰ɣҲ˵ˡ
һһ˵ܴŮӵģȻһˣʵһеǷ⡣
Ϊ˿סԼһ֣ѾѾѡֱ뿪
һˬˣ˱ѾѾҫģѾѾȻҪߡ
׷ѾѾĽǰѾѾ˵ˣǸĽ˵ӣֻҪԺ󲻸ѾѾ棬棬Ҿұʱ򣬸һȥϵԺòã
ұ˵żҲᵽȥģұлĻɲ˭еġ
һüȻĽҪ飬϶ȥϵԺġ
˵ˣϵԺҲ˵˭ȥܽȥġ
˶Ҫ⣬ҪϵУõĹϵӾֻýܸ˵ϼ仰ĽΪֺý㣬һٸѾѾˡ
Ľüͷһе䣺ÿ
һûӦͱĽƿ
ĽѾѾȥһһ߽ѾѾԺʲôһԶ㣬̫ˣ˵۵ģÿԶ㣬ô顣
˶Ժ޲ȥ𣿡
ѾѾͷȷʵ˵ˣ˱Ҫģˣ˵ʲôлƽݣܾ˵˱ӣǶ飬ҵƽݣһӲ
Ҷô飬ҲûҵƽݣҲ֪ƽݲصȥˣĽϣأô飬ҵƽ𣿡
ĽϷŲץץԴҲûǶ黹࣬ƽ٣ҪǶһ飬Ӧþҵˡ
ԣһؼ˴֮󣬾ȥҸһ顣
һıû׷ˣѾѾصҵʱϺС˵һ顣
˵һıݼҵѾߣĳǰҲ˵ϼ仰ġ
ҲҶԴϱôˣϱһֱõڴﵽҫֶŮš
ֶŮҲܸͦɵģôСȥϸ˵Ѿߣ㿴·ûǸǮ˼ҵѾߵģ·ñǵĺ̫ˣ͸Щ˼ҵСһ
ڴЩ˶ȥͽϱˣŴϱֶŮǰ˵ûԺһЩʲôˣҲиɽ
ҲǣǼҪҪҲȥֺ´ϱ
ϺС˵Ͷ룬ѾѾĽϽһᣬҲûз֡
ѾѾؿǣѯʣɩǴӺпɽˣΪʲôҪҿɽҴϱûɽҼǵǼҾֻмĶذɣ
ϺСһ£ѾѾæֹ֮ͣǰĻ⣬ֱվһȥæŽ輦ʳһ
ѾѾӶûɩԵİɣʲô
ѾѾӦҪԶԡ
ҲҪԶԡ
Ľڱϸ͡
ȵϽȥ׼֮ĽѾѾߵԺųͷĽ䣬ȥͣôôɩɩո˵Ŀɽɽͷɽָ˻
ɩǵ˼ҪôϱֶŮΪǼҿأԺûҲҪˡ
ѾѾȻ򣬹죺ҲŲҵǽЩˡ
ҪȥҴˣ磬硭
ѾѾĽϳȥܵûҵˣȥ᷿ң᷿ҲûУ׼ȥ᷿ҵʱϴźԺ߽
磬ҵͳȥ𣿡
ϴȥҽˣһĺˮһ߲߻ѾѾˣ˵Źġ
ѾѾڵȴųܷܷĻš
춼ûȵ죬ѾѾߵϱֶŮ顣
˵Ϊϱֳʳӵ£ڼﲻùˣֶŮųӵġ
ֶŮ֮󣬴ϱڴҸڴĵλһˮǴߡ
һޱȵص⡣
֪Ū˼ƫˣǲϻľ·ϣĽϵߣĽ۾
ѾѾȥҲһ浽һ飬ڶǱȽ϶еϵأѾѾرĳһ۾Ҫȥ򣬽һݺݵصһۡ


74 ҰѾͷ

ѾѾͲˣĹĵرʾһ۾Ϲˣܵġ
ȵʱѾѾյ˳ܷܷĻţ͹ġ
ѾѾյˣȵ˵֮ٸдŵģֻ˵ˣһаĴǰʱ±ʱ򣬵̰ӱ٣Ӷͣ˲ˡ
֮ǰΪ̫ƫƧͨΧ·ֱˮţȥϢûܴҵҲǰŵõϢ
ܽˣһֱڴڴ档
˵֪ʲôʱܻҴﷴҲûʲôҪҪ棬Һܿͻˡ
ʱҾסòã
ѾѾܷܷţΪ屻ˮ˵ѹʱ򣬿ܷܷ˵Ҫס˷ܵһӱ
ܷܷҪˣܷܷҪˣҪȥ滨ҲнҼסˡ
ѾѾţ˷ܵܳȥ滨
ִ滨ȥĽϡ
˸մͿһͣѾѾſڣ߳һصĹ
ѾѾܺãһ۾ϳľǳܷܷ˷ܹܵȥܷܷ㣬ôˡ
ܷܷѾѾԴЦе˵ţһ˵ҿңҾ˸ʰˡ
ܷܷѾѾ꣬תȥѾ˵Ƕȥɣҵˣҡ
ǡ
Ѿ߶ˣʣ³ܷܷռҵˣԼĽϺ滨
ܷܷ㣬ôӣ촩Ư·أǲ·ȥˣȻʳЩֵϰճˣ
ѾѾǵϴϿܷܷʱźܺÿȹģ·͸һ㴩Ĳࡣ
ܷܷѾѾЦˣѾѾ߽ռҵԺӣ͵ҵûҵ·ֻ˵ˣҼȻҪͣӦôõ͵һЩȻҴﻹܸ鷳ĻͲԸġ
ѾѾȻ򣺡ԭ㴩Ҳܺÿ
ѾѾҳϴ϶ϼܷܷ֪Ů⣬˶֪
ȻҲ˵ѾѾʶŮ飬Ҳûܷܷϵһ飬ϾǶһŮôΪڽϾ͸ѾѾ˵˼仰ʹסǼأ
˵Ҳɣϴ϶ǰնڼ⼸ȴﳤ֯һȥİʯ޷ˡ
ʯֻʮľ룬Ҳڽߣûа͵ôΪȰǰЩ귢ˮʱ齨ĴӣӼȫ߷
һˮӼȫˣĶ࣬⿿ҲװѴؽ
Ҫиطסġ
ﳤǸӵ飬»㱨˸ڼӶЩ׳ȥæ
ռɹȥľϴ϶
˷ҪؽҲҪˮߵĵ̰ûûҪһ£ûʮ춼ز
ܷܷôʱռסˣѾѾ˯һ
ʱ򻹻ѾѾһȥѧá
ѧýս̵ǵӹ档
ѧҡͷԵضţֵѣֵܵТСᣬԹ̣ʳߣȣߺ󡣳ˣУ˲ڣ𳤣𳤣ܡ
ܷܷڼһ˼飬ǵһĿģЩѯѾѾ
ѾѾѧõӹҲϿôһֱû˵
ѾѾҡͷǣҳҵģѽҵģѿˣʲôᣬҺöණ
ãиôõѡ
ܷܷĽؿѾѾֿʼ׷ʣӹľʲô˼ҵһ;ö֣Ȥû
ӹ氡ݿӽ̻ɵѧͯ淶ʽΪĺ˼ҵТʰ˵ڼҡ⡢ˡѧϰӦص淶
ѾѾԴܷܷԴһ飬Сŵӹ档
һϿóܷܷЩ뿪ӣǴӵѧ档
ǰҲǵѧúܺ档
ѾѾٺٵЦš
ѧݵʱѾѾչضҪѧóԷģֻ֮ǰôɩóԣ͵͵ܻؼȥ
Ϊóܷܷһѧʹųܷܷȥѧõʳ򷹡
û뵽˷֮󣬼˲ϲˡ
һ߹һѰѳܷܷǰķƷڵϣʢ˵ؿҰѾͷǴѧõķҲܳԵ𣿱ΪѾͷߣ˲ˣҲѧô򹤵ĶѣֻҪұȥ˵һ䣬ѧˡ


75 ܷܷһ

һ˵ʱı˫ֻأվһԿѾѾЦ
ܷܷüһҲӵģ
һͦͦظûҾӵģұҵѾߣҪǻȥѾͷԶһ㣬ҿ㳤ûҵѾźˡ
ѾѾһһѧ˸ͣһ͵úˣܷܷѾˡ
ĽϺѾѾԼܷܷһһĬĬضӾˣʵһ˷úܣϲ۾ⲻ֪ˣһŪһ۾ģǾҪˣ
ѾѾͳܷܷҲı۸ģǷġ
ԬʻûлϣһĻĽؿһı㡣
ҵ˵͵㶫Ըҵ´οʱܸܲ˵һ£Ӧҵ氡
һ߰ؿԬһۣԬϵ·ԣһ˵ѧ˸ԱĶӣ֪ˣ˵ͷ´οʱһ˵ġ
̫ˣҵ֪ˣ϶ҵģʱҾ͸˵ˡ
Ԭ˷ܵһԲˣóŵǹҪһıԡ
һûôµǹһ־ͰԬǹ˹Լһ룬һ㡣
ϸӵƵؿһѾѾ
ܷܷתͷȥѾѾ˵ѾѾû뵽ǴӾȻôˣൽССҪȥ˼ҵѾߣ˶ģǿ
ܷܷһı벻Զмֻһѡ
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һͼӴ׵ѧѧǵĶС
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ǰǰѾѾ㻹ǿĽȥǵǸ˰ɣֻҪܹԭ㣬黹ܹصġ
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76 񱩶

˵Ǵˣϵ֪ҵѾߣҲҪء
ѾѾǸѾͷȻô˵
Ѿ׼ǺϳܷܷѾѾˡ
ҵĻϱһЦ

ѧѧѾѾܷܷĽһѾѾߡ
ԼҪһȥϸԳԣҪըԡ
ܷܷ㣬ͿԳҴɩĺˣ˵ըɺóˣҼˣɩøҪǰɩ϶õġ
ѾѾ˵ţͷЩźѻ˵ˣըҲóԣ˵򲻵ˣֻǣƯǵҲ֪Ūģһȥʹǳζ
һһ˵ˣϵͳ̳ڵĶֻѾѾûнӴĶ֮ǰڰζ¥ʱѾԹϵͳ̳ھͲٳ
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ѾѾæӭȥסϵĴȣͷҪȥ
Ѿͷһ쵽ʡġεص˵ѾѾıӣ֣ƵԺ棺ؼȥɩȥ飬û¾ͲҪˡ
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ѾѾͳܷܷһѧþԬʳɤڸĽ˵
ѾѾɿܷܷ֣˹ȥſϣЩΪʲôҪȥ


77 

ԬʿѾѾˣһۣ⻹ʣ϶ΪԼûԵģҪ
ѾѾֿʼ㵸˵ҵ˵ˣε񲻽صģصģϴǴĵ̰ӣϵЩׯ򶼱ˮˣȽԶǺõˡ
Ҫǳ͢ԺϵֻԽԽ࣬ʱ»ҵġ
ѾѾŵˣŴֻͣһЩũﱻôˣжϰûضסû˰
һֱڴżȥߣϢͨһֱΪֻиļׯʳʧնѣû뵽Ȼôء
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ܷܷſһǵֵϰգһǾԼĵ֪ʲôʱ
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ˣˣǽȥɡ
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ЩԵĴѾѾͳܷܷ߽ȥЩĵر˫ۡ
ѾѾ⺢ʵҲûʲô̫ˡ
Ǹù٣ҪΪźá
ϱһһıҲŷ
ϱһؿңʲôʱ˵ģ
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㣬ǽȥѾͷ᲻Ầµÿ޳ˡ
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ҲõӦҲΪģôҲҵѾߣڴﱻ۸ˣǲܲܵġ
˿ǣÿ·ǽȥ
ѾѾҲɹȥˣһȥ֮ͱɶɿ˶ǱһꡱƣǴ
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ѾѾŸոʱ򣬴˵Ļ
ˣӦòץģ˵ֻ˵ʲộʲô񣬻ʲôߵģҲû


78 ǿƴ

û̫ݣĻ϶Ǻ⡣
ѾѾƿɺͶɣ߳˵Լȥ
СãǲҪȥ˰ɣǸȥһŵǡ
ں׷ȥҪѾѾѾѾܵúܿ죬ֲԺһգѾѾѾܵǡ
˵վۡ
۶ĸߴ࣬ռҵ˿ǣµòҿѾѾȻܹȥҪѾѾ
ѾѾȥ˵Щʲôûע⵽ں
Ѿվǰ
۰ʶҪѾѾ
ܷܷ֪ʲôʱ˹վѾѾ󣬳ҡҡͷִѾѾļϣ˵ȥ
ĻҼѾѾôǽȥ
ռҵԺҲվ˼ֵĴ񣬴վڿſڵĵطѾѾͳܷܷȥˣмҡҡͷ
ϲӸֱ˵ѾͷĴˣǻϸȥ±˲ץء
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û뵽컯ô죬ôᶼܳΪݼҵѾˣǺð
㿴Ҫȥ˵˵ǼСׯҲȥͯǼҶʲôĶУҲˡ
˵֮䣬ϲӰСׯƵǰԴЦ˵ţСׯӳö顣
ϱЦһҲÿֶŮˣˣҲʲô˶ȥ˼ﵱѾߵҶġ
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ǣҶһҵˣ϶ϣҶõģҾȻȥˣҵøϽ³ȥУҲøļﳤ˵˵Ǵȥ
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ѾѾɵػĻҪҪҵʱҹȥУҿ϶ܾġ
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ҺʹϱЩͣһʱ֮䣬û׹ôչģ
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ܷܷƵ߳һҲȥˣҾѾѾ⣬ҪѾѾһȥѧãͬͬ
ҿֿܷܷ


79 ȥ

ӷ·һ¡
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ֻǿԸŵѾ߻մմϲȥѾѾѧҫʱ˵ѡ
ܷܷ˵赭дʼ硣
ŵɫҰס
ϱһҲŵɫҰס

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˰ͻصңҸ˵˴飬ϼӹ̣ܽ˽ᡣ
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Щ֮ǰƴҪֺҵˣڶתܷܷʹ˻ҪֺóܷܷѾѾҲֺһ
ǰԼֵĲˣԼҼµļǲҪһͳͳѾѾ͡
ܷܷ㣬ҪһֱǼסţҾҿôȥϰڸ̯˵ģֲԼֵģֲģóȥһǮһˣǶ׬ģмҲǣʱҾͷһӺòã
ѾѾѧԽԽˣԴ֮ǰżɣ֮֮ڿʲôȻȻؾ뵽Ҫ⣬Ҫȥ
ɺͶһ԰ܷܷŴ߲˼ѾѾĻ˫һ˷ܵ˵СãҾӺãǿȥСҪ׬ӣҲһòã
һװ˼ʳưڴͷһ¡
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ðǾͲȥˡ


80 ȥ

ˮķӱ޵߰˰ˣũˮҲŸɡ
Ϊأ·߳ӲݸǶЩﻹûüһΪҲӲݸס
۹ȥһƬ͵ľɫ
ѾѾͳܷܷŵʱѾǽӽ̫ɽ
ӹƨڴȥպ·ѾѾͳܷܷǰһ׷棺ޣͣͣ£ȴϿӡ
ܷܷӵεؽͣ⺢ʪ˿ӣһܳˣ˵ˣһȥ׷ӡ
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ȥ˸ղŸͲ˵˼ңл˳˵ǲҪͲ˹ȥ飬ġ
ֻܴӦԺ͹ȥȥ
ܷܷˣѾѾȥɽתת
ɫûɽﻹǰȫġ
ֻɽǲеġ
һһ˵ˣɽѾѾҲܷܷܷܷͣ㣬ֻɽתתǲɽҪԼȥĻҾͻȥʱôСܵҲ죬һˣҿ϶ǵһαҰߵġ
ܷܷ
ɽǾֻɽߡ
ܷܷע⵽ɽкܶ೤ӲݣûлֵأѾѾЩ˭ģ˶ֶ𣿡
ѾѾָܷܷĵأ˵Щǻĵذ峤˵ˣ˭ҪͿֱӿĵģˣһҪ峤˵ֻĵ棬ͿԲ˷ˣܹȥġ
ѾѾ뵽ʲôȥʲôˣ¾³ܷܷСȥҴ峤
ܷܷεظĺ档

ѾøӵﳤȥӵĴ峤ͨ峤ָͨ
Ϣȥ֮ĵ죬ĴԺѾվˣЩǸ֣ǶǹѾѾѧϰôֺġ
һȥѾѾ
Ľϵ֪ѾѾҪϣҲҪѾѾߣһ
ѾѾĴϣԼѾǸḻˣһ·϶ûбֵ̫˷ܣһãֿʼ֮ǰÿε
ųܷܷʸͣ
ƽʱЩʲô鰡
ǲÿ춼Ҫ˴ģǽܿ𣿡
ôˣǼҲ˺ܶǽׯճôҪճɲãЩǲҪˣ
ÿԷǼǰԷû⣬ҲŶЩ⣬ҾԸûԣ̫ˣҪǴҶûԣǿ϶ͲԸɻˡ
Ǽסúúηסη𣿡
СĺʱԱƷһˡ
ֻʮС
ֱܷܷӺԲش𣬲ȥĵ
ѾѾֻܸĽһ̽ˣĽϻΪѾѾֻܷܷ治ƣѾѾˣҲֵƨƨߵظѾѾ
ԳѾѾȥѾѾͣĽϵ죬óǣ֣Ժȥ
ֲʵܼ򵥵ģѸҵʲôڶֲֲȥֻ֮ҪµʱջֵúõĻһĶؾջһ
һһ˵ģôĻȥֲȵߴҵĻԣô֪ǸֲҲѲС
ѾѾͰһһƭûֶһӦǰһһ˵ʱ˵Ļתҡ
ҪúﵽߵĲ͵ѡ֣ѡõǺĸ߲ҲѿĻҪ󣬴Ҷֵصĺ֣Ӧúһġ
ôʹˣѾѾһ㶼ӳ˵þ
ѡֵʱһ㶼ѡȽϴĺȻ۲ûʲôȱݣûбҧûУͿѿ಻࣬ʢ
ѾѾѡ֣֣ʩʣ˳磬ЩҪ鶼˵һ飬óһϵͳһĺҿߴֲĺʲôӡ
ôȥˡ
ڿ죬ѾѾ͸ϵͳ̳Ƕһһ˸ȫռҡ
ȥʱ򣬳ܷܷѾѾĽȥϣ档
Ҳûϣһֵϣǣִ·ϡ
ȷʵԬ˵һϵ˶˺ö࣬ѾѾǰϵʱҪࡣ
кЩţֱӲӪҵˡ
Щ궼Ǳģڲҿˣȵһʱ䣬ˣӦþͻῪŵġ
ܷܷ˽⵽һЩѾѾĽ
ѾѾ̾ϢЩÿ
ֿм˺ܶ࡭


81 ʲô

ϵĵҪôЩǱƵùˣҪôЩûʲô⣬мرۣſڵĿ˶öŵ˵档
ڵ滹˳Ķ顣
һӾѾѾĿ⣬ʳܷܷЩʲôģ
ܷܷһۣŶһЩʳģʳûճ𣬴Ҷֻȥʳԣſھˡ
ǽʳûճôʳģ
ѾѾǵһһ˵̵ʳǸũյġ
ũûʳˣ̵ʳǴյأ
ܷܷǱѾѾ֪öһЩ˵ӦǴطջʳֻ߷ˮˣǱʳջģǱҲһЩʳİɡ
ѾѾԴҧ촽תţȷʵ
һųܷܷһĽϣ˷ܵ˵Ҳȥʳʲôصģ˵ĻҲȥ׳ԡ
ɵӣʳһ
ĽϱѾѾɻȥŲһ˵ˣ߲ʳϸ׾Ӷ࣬Ǳ߲ĶʲôףʱˮҪһģǱߵĻͿ΢ٷһˮ
ǳ׵ĻʱҲҪһˮ
Ľϲ˵ˣѾѾ˵úеӡ
ܷܷ𾪵ؿѾѾԭİֲǰھǳԹ׸ԹĲһѾѾ
һһ
ѾѾѵǫһ¡
Ǿվڴֵ룬ΧȺġ
ǼԶĵطһõģϲ֪ĨʲôеˣѾѾķ˼ۡ
쵽·档
Ȼ
ڸʲô
˳ѾѾܹȥѾѾЩʲô
ܷܷؽæøǺ۹ȥץˣߵѾѾߣѾѾûô
ѾѾŵˣɫ԰ף巢
Ӵһģ鱾һĶŵҪó
һһˣҸоӦһݺҪĶȰⶫңȰ㱣ܣȻȥ֮ó
ѾѾֶһ£һ·Ķʧ
ܷܷѾѾţǵѾѾǲˣ쿴ʲôˣ
ûУʲôûУֻײ˶ѡ
ѾѾ̯ƽƽظܷܷ
һһⲻ˵ѣΪȷʵˣΪˣѾѾ˵رֱ׳
˿һ©
ܷܷ;˵ģǸֻײһѾѾѡ
ĽϿײѾѾѾѾϷʲô۳ȥ׷ˣ׷һᣬЩѹܻ
ĽϣôˣǲǱ۸ˣңȥѵ
ĽϵӣѾѾ˲ߣ䣬ߵ¡
ǣǸˣԼײײˡ
ĽϻǵһĻɫܲ԰ף˫緢
ѾѾһӱסļ򣺡˺ˣˣᱣġ
Ľϣ

ѾѾĽϵǣû϶׼شܷܷżȻϣ͸ɴȥף˳ʰһ㶫ûѾѾһȥ
ϣֻѾѾĽˡ
ѾѾϣƿӣش棬ַ³Ľߡ
ڸʲô
ĽϿѾѾһӣֵؿ
㿴ոǸϵġ
һɫıӳѾѾϣд˱֡
ѾѾĽ϶ʶֵģ˶Ǹ˱
ΪʲôҪһ˱㰡
ոΪʲôû˵
ĽϵͷѾѾͷһ飬һ߷˱һֻ˲ѯѾѾ
ѸҵģҲҪó㿴˱д˺ö˵ְ滹дһЩ֣дǧһģʲô
ѾѾĽ϶˱ú档
ɿ˰죬Ҳûʲô˼
дǶʶЩ֣Ҳ֪ʲô
ѵЩ˶ǷǸ˵ӣдˣǮôǮΪʲôҪԼԼײ˰
ѾѾ²꣬־ɻˡ
ĽϾͱѾѾһ꣬ڲ꣬СֱúܺãҲǺܶԴﶼһѶѵʺš
ϵͳ̾ѾѾ˱ǿģдЩӦöһЩҪ֣ûв´ĻֻҪ˱ǱĹԱӦûῴġ


82  

Ҫֱӽ𣿡
ѾѾѯʡ
ϵͳ룬˵ʱȲҪԤ˱ΣգʱȲҪ˱Ľ⣬ҲҪκ˱ϣȰ˱ңܡ
Ŷ
ѾѾĽ˵˱ܣ㲻ܸκˣҾͲˡ
ĽϵͷѾѾ˱ջĽϲעʱ򣬽һһ
ӣȥռңѾѾĽϻָ֮ܽ

ʳýҪϿεģֻѾѾҪȥãĽ˼١
ѵиɲȥѧˣص֮ҲûȥѧɻûɵĿΡ
ѾѾصռҵжڣռżȥˣѾѾ˵ĺ
ֻϣѾѾļɩڸɻ
ɩɩڴɨϴµģɩɩһЩͷķѾѾ˵׼磬ȵ￪ĺãֱֲ
ѾѾڼסһᣬܵȥ
ſڣͣһĺ̶ȳԽѾѾ֮ǰ
ѾѾһ߿һ߸ŷк·ܽȥĽϵԺ
ĽϣǼǲˣҿˣúƯǼҵҪƯ
ӦǰɣﲻҹȥҶ֪ʲôˡ
ĽߣѾѾŲһ㣬óλøѾѾ
ѾѾܿ£ΪʲôҼ˿ˣҪҹȥǺȲ裬Ȼ˸һֱڿҡ
ǲΪ׾û㣬ûñ˿ԿĵطԾͲȥˣ
ѾѾÿ϶ġ
Ȼһһ˵ĽǸһģǾĽûĽ϶ӵģŻġ
ӦǾͲȥˡ
;ô̫ˣˣҲôǳȥдˡ
ĽϺÿѾѾʼͬˡ
ĽѾѾĻȻԺܴɫܲˣվ˵һȥʲôˣҪòÿԺҲҼҡ
ȻȥдҲҪÿǼҡ
ѽѽ
ѾѾ˵վ
ĽϵļңѾѾϤþ͸Լļһ
Ľǣ֣߳ĽϵԺӣһ㣬־һɽѾѾظɽСʯ˴˸к
ɽ˴͵Ժӡ
Ժ棬һһվˡ
ǰûйģѾѾ˴кһӱĽסĽС˵ҪĽȥ
ңû˵ķԸ˲ȥʲôط˵Ժӡ
Ժ滹˰أĽϾ;ǿ϶Ϊ˷סȥġ
ԽǲȥԽȥ
ǻطȥ
һĸоѾѾ˷ܵ˶
ĽţСرܿſߣǽһֱҹգһǵ߲ĲݴԣĽϲݴȥ
ѾѾѧӣȥ
ſڶڴĴ
ĽϣǼΪѷӽ̫ˣԲשͷֻ𣿡
ѾѾԼҵǽҲвٵĶǾΪӲŪġ
ĽϰѾѾһۣûΧˣæѾѾ֣ҹ
ˣСүȥĻ»ֲסģǴСүȥɣȥ֮ǲа취ҵҽ
ѾѾĽ϶ڴ棬һİ˵ʲôСү
ѾѾضĽգգ۾ѯСү˭
Ľ֪Сү˭ҡͷʼ磬ʾѾѾ
˵ˣǰδе࣬˵Ҫ˵ˣǲȥģҲҪñ¶ǵ٣һߣԶҲҲǡ
ˣСү
ǸİҪ˵ʲô
ĽƺˣǵҪ淢ʲô£Ҫվƿӿһۣվʱ򣬲Сߵ˴ӵµĻ裬ѵһ
˵ע⡣
˳ʲôҪ˵
ߵߴ򿪴޹صŴ۾ѾѾĽϣЩεض˻ӻ֣һ߳ѾѾĽǰ
Сү˭ôˣΪʲôҪҽأ
һ˿һĽϵԴ˵һ㲻ʶˣ㲻ùô࣬ѾѾˣȥ׼İɡ


83 

Ŷ
˼ûƭĽûκλɡ
ٿʱ򣬸ո˵Ѿˣţ˵ӦЩҪ¡
ĽϺܿͷ£еĳԣ²شѾѾȥ鷿飬˳˰ѵ͹
֮ǰǸ˱أ
ĽϺȻѾѾ
֮˱Ͽ֣һеϤҪȷһ¡

ѾѾϵͳ˱ó
Ľϴ򿪣ҵԼϤ֡
ûܣھǵʱ˵֣ǻɣƷĴ٣ƹܻ˰漮ȹġ
ûܺдһ֣Ӧþ֪Ǹܡ
滹дʮӣ᲻Ǹӣ
Ľָֺܵ棬һرСĻ֡
ѾѾɴ۾ȥȻһ֡
ҲǶˣ˵
˵ˣĴ棬ͻĹԱϰյĹϵеˡ
һĽ˵ǻɣѾѾĺľͱ
ʵΪʲôҪôӰ˵ٵģҪٺ»⣬Ͳӣɲһù𣿡
ĽվܹȥѷŸصأܻѾѾСض
٣ǿ϶ǲñ˸ӵģҪˣ϶Ǹˡ
㿴滹֣ҲһЩȽСۣͨУʲôģ˵ЩǲҲǸһǸٵģǶЩӣ
ǡ
ѾѾĽϺԼĲ²ŵŴ͡
ˮȥôãֵʳû᲻йأ
ѾѾĽֿʼֹġ
ⶫһҪңϿģҪ֪̫࣬ñ˷ˣǻСġ
Ҫ㻹ǰ˱ұ棬Ǽˣֺã˾˲ˡ
ĽϾ˱ԼϱȷѾѾϻӵغʡ
ѾѾҡͷãⱾӷȫѻҵġ
Ľ֪ѾѾǸѺͨ󣬼ȻѾѾô˵ĽҲÿѾѾѱܱȽϺá
ϣѾѾˡ
ԶŵĹš
ѾѾæ˱ջصϵͳС
ѾŲ²⵽˱ʲôˣ̫֪˵ẦǣһҪܲС
ĽϹȥţ˵Ľ
һ߳Եģһ鷿ļϷ顣
飬ǲȥˣֻԼȥҴ𰸣ûб飬ᵽƵġ
ѧ̫ˣҿӹҲӦÿЩʲôأ
Ľ˼ŷϡ
ҾǾͿɣϿ϶ƵĹ£һȤ
ѾѾϲľǿˣŵŵŵܹȥǣŽżȥͺܺÿĻ
˰죬һûҵ
ĽԼԴ˵ﵣҿģΪרѧϰû׼ɡ

ѧϰѾѾĽϾֻԼȥ
ʱѾѾ˵ȽϺ˵ҸͬȥϣҲһȥʱһȥϵ顣
ãͬˣҾȥ֪ͨ㣬˵ңҪһȥ
ѾѾԼļңûиκ˵˱顣
ֻǳԷʱ򣬻̲סүӣҪǳ˻٣ϰյô
٣Ҫл٣ǶϰնԾһѰɣҼԽĹ٣ӰͻԽ󣬱Ҫڷѵʱ򣬳ֵ͢ӸʳĹԱǸõĹԱ
ô䵽ϰϵľܾͻú٣Ͳ֧ǵûС
һķˣϰպпܾͻᱻƵգȥһЩΣյ顣
صĻҶᶯġ
ѾѾ꣬үҲ̫ӵȥֻܾͣ򻯣ѾѾܹ
ѾѾһľ
ӼᶨҪúõȥ뷨
գռϴ϶ˡ
ǳȥʮ죬ʱֺݣ˲٣˶͸¶ƣ
磬磬ôôòŻ
ȥ˷ֱ֮ȥ޵̰ˣ߱ٵ߰˰ˣǱ߾֯Щ͹ȥ޸һ¡
ϴš
϶ûʲô̱ϣ˵Ҳ֣ǰǴδˮȽĿɴˣµʱ仹ȻһӰ춼ûУΧĴҲûб͵ģɽ꣬Ȼˡ
˵߿ÿ궼ȥӹ̵ģ͢ƺÿ궼˲Ҳ֪ô¡


84 ̰

ȥȷʵǼӹ̹ģʱǼȥ۰ɣģȥӹ̵ʱзЩʲô£
͢ÿ궼ҪһЩȥһЩ飬޵̰ӣӹ̵̰ӣҲиɱ顣
չ涨ÿÿҪһ˳ȥ
ռȥֵȥۡ
ı㵽֣߳źף˵ţҲûʲôɣȥĹͦɵģҲû˶ɳʯ
үüͷ
ѾѾҲüͷ
һһǿٻϰȥ۵ʱرģΪ˴˶Ըȥۣĸ羹Ȼ˵ɣ
ӹ̵̰ӻûжɳʯ
һ⡣
ѾѾĽϵʱһҪһ˵ˡ
ϴ϶һЩͷȥϴϴȻԷ
ĺѿˣѾѾʹһһڿõȥֲˣǡŴǼȥģֿһĶس
գϴ϶ϢһһȥĵϿʼֲ
ѾѾĽѧ֮Ҳܵĵȥռҵ˸ɻ
ռҳϺڼ⣬е˶æ
ϾҪֲĶߴһĶҶҪһ
ѾѾĽϵʱ򣬻ĵѾһĵط˺飬һСѿ¶ЩɫСҶӡ
УңϣϻмСһ԰ѷѿĺгһСһС飬ÿһ鶼رһѿ
ģŴڿӣϴ϶ִʣµļСӰкСĺһطŵЩںõС棬һ㱡
Ҫæź硣
ѾѾĽһȥѾѿĺ飬ŵǰںõĿֲŪΧѺסһֵ
ԴѾѾȥ峤˵ûĵֺ֮󣬴￪ĵ˲٣ǿĻĵأеľѾѾҵĻĵظڡ
ͬһʱ俪ĸģֲʱҲһ
ҶֶģЩѺֳʱͲõĻӣΪ˶ںķѿ֮ﵽѾѾ˵ָ߶ȣȲؿʼˡ
ѾѾĽϹæʱ򣬴ͣ˳ռҵ߶˼䡣
ǼѾѾǸúӣôС;֪ˣҼСӣ˿ӻҪӶ͵ܣǶˡ
ɲӣǶҲѾѾôڿĺˣ˼ⲻڿ죬ռҸǽ̵úð
ѾѾṩ˺ôϣڿѾѾ޲Լҵĺӡ
֪ռҴ˶ǽֲҲ˹ֻҪæʱʱѾѾĽ϶ѾѧˣþڻĵϿѾѾĽϡ
ڿЦе߹
ܷܷҲһӴڵѾѾǰ
ѾѾˣҵ˵ˣҿǴסٻȥ
ǾͿһ˯һˣˡ
ѾѾ˷ܵϵĺ飬ųܷܷ֣ԭرܷܷĿסô𣿡

ܷܷܿѾѾǣһֲﾭ鲻ǺܷḻˣûһŪ϶
Ȼ೰Ц׷Ŵ
úܿ죬е˻úеĻŪ֧ʹ֦Ҷ
ѾѾʹһһϵͳṩĺ֮󣬸ʺŪֲ֧ʹĶӸߡ
Ϊֲ׼ضҪ裬߶ʮʮ֣ʮ߹֣ʮ幫֣һУоʮףʮס
վڱϿžر롣
үվڱϸ˵ֲ顣
ѧõķ⣬﷽Ҳзḻľ顣
ǵһֲҲ˵ֲȥ֮ʣµĹҲиˣȵ糤ˣܱҲ᳤ܶӲʱҪעݣȻֲҲǻӰġ
겻֪᲻´꣬ҪдĻҲҪʱˮõ

ʲôҲ;ϰ֮Ҫʲôӣջ֮ǰǧܵˡ
ͷȷʵڴҵĻԶôߣǰеϣעЩģԸкճɡ
ڼֲʱʲô⣬ܻ鷳ǼѾѾȥһˡ
һѾѾүЩŵ滺Щ˵ǿ϶ģѾѾѾͷǺܹεĺֲġ
;мɻʱҪȥöмξʹ߾˶ŵøϽߡ
Ҵһ¡
״ҲվӰҸɻ


85 ֵʳ

״ҲվӰҸɻ
ֲˣʱֻܵȴȴѾѾ˵Ķջ
ȥǼɣôɩóԵĶԡ
ѾѾĽˣ֪ʲôʱܵүߡ
ˣæǣס֣
ѾѾԴЦˣ͢ǱߵҪˣһȥҪٴκ˶Ⱥڵ
ʳˣѾѾ۾һϲʵǴҶٰǲǴҶʳˣ
Ľϰץŵһȥͬڴؿų
üͷеѶȡ
ĳԸ˵

ʳˣѾѾ͸еȥ˽ֵ
ڣյ˱ĵ죬Ľҵһȥϵɡ
Ҳҵɣֻȥ°ݷˣҾֻʣĽһӡ
ĽϾƭҪȥϿ
ѾѾΪĽõѣҲŵͬһȥϡ
ѾѾĽϵѧϰȳѧܶ࣬һΣʵӰҲǺܴүӱѾѾûˣҲ
ѾѾϲҵȵһξָ֮ĽԴֹ
ȻᵽϣǾ͵͵زòãҿ棬СҪʲôʱ򣬶Ҫܿ˵ģΪдڣͲжˡ
ѾѾ˵ĻһһСµĹ¡
һһֱӰѶƬŸѾѾǿֱӰѶֱ֣ǻһ
ĽڱŴȥµķѾѾҪо飬ѾѾĻޱϿɵġ
ȵ֮Ǿͽȥζ¥Ȼ˵ҪéҾȥڰζ¥иţǾʹӳȥ
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Ľһ˵һƿ˳ӿ᲻
ѾѾҲճһСԴ۲ķӦ
ȵûʲôӦû˵Ļ֮ѾѾĽգգ۾ͷ

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ȥһ³ӣǿѲ˶ѾѾһé
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֮˳ڰζ¥棬ûţֻСһ
˵ˣֵʳѾˣȥÿɡ
ѾѾĽվãһᣬѾѾڡ
Ľ룬ͷ
ãʳѾˣʳ֮˸ʾøֵĴȡʳÿ˿ʱȡʮס
ֵǰ׼Ҵ壬壬ʯ塣
˿ڻȽ϶࣬ȫнһǧˡ
컹ûſھˣҶ۷ʳ
ѾѾĽȥʱʳѾʼһʱ䡣
ڶǰһõԼһʳ
ʳûм뿪Ƕ˹ģȡʳ֮վһȥ졣
еĵͰʳ
ѾѾĽϼҪ˽͵뵽ȺڵУ˳Щһ鿴ʳĴ߹ȥм䡣
һۿǿڴʳ
ʳģҲȫǴˣÿÿмСѾѾĽСһվм䣬ҲûʲôԾ
һ߸ݵ꣬ڴץһ׳׵ɫšüģ־֣׷ŵǼţһ˲ߵذӻز
˵ɶ񣡳͢Ȼ÷ùĳǣ
ʲô˵ǷùĳףһЩմ򿪲ûü׳ʲôæץһףֿš
ѾѾĽغǸݵһáҲֵץһס
׵ùζӵʱѾѾĽ϶ذӻص档
ȥ˵ס
ȺдУϵؿߵ״־ؼ˻ȥǾ͹ȥ˿Ĵ׵
һ·ŰۿɰС˳ݡ
ⲻ԰˵ЩֵĴǳ͢ȼϰյģôùĳ״ҳأⲻǻԻǵ𣿡
ȥſڿ﷢ǲǶġ
ѾѾĽߵſڡ
Ҳ
ɫҲѿһԵʦү˵ǳ͢˹ף͢Ĵôӣ
͢ľȼչ涨ڷַϰ֮ǰ˽Բ鿴ģҲûǰ


86 Ľϳ

ѾѾĽߵߡ
ѾѾͷؿųѯʣ͢ĴӦģ᲻ǵǷ̫ãȻͱ仵أ
һѾѾĽϣϵŭ⣬˭ǹģ֪СһԼ߹ģæõ۰ͻȥ
ѾѾ۴һֱõķ
ȼô׵ϰպܶ࣬׵ѾˣԼ⣬ſЩҡ
۶ά
ѾѾ̾˿ھȼ˹ʱֽˣЩԱǻ
Ľϵͷȷʵܻ˵õĹ츣յģõĹ٣ΣգңҪǱ¶Ȼ̨Уп滻һùȥ
ԣûϵ˱ǸðҵģһҪҸŵ˽Ϊϰֻظ
ѾѾĽߵĽ䣬ֹֻ

õֻǰ͵ŵķͼ׷סǡ
ѾѾĽҵ
õ˵һлĻͿʼѾѾǻش塣
һ·ҲûѾѾĽȥˣǲǺȻ߿һж֮С
ѾѾĽŪףɴҲŪס
һͳ취ܣȥøűŶףȺ漷ȥСһ۵˯˹ȥ
˯˯ţѾѾҲ֪Լ˯˶ãֻоĵԽԽˣѾӣҪҡ
æŴҪ³ģҪ취˵ĽȥϿжۡ
λϸһһ̣ô˵Ļԣ˳㿴һĽϣһۣŵѾѾĽ˹ȥ
ĽϣѰ㲻ҪģҲһѵģĽϣѡ
һˣĽɫ࣬촽ϣϵڶţһ飬޲͸һܵľ
ѾѾŵýһۡ˳
ѾѾ򿪳ӣĽϵӣ˵ȻѾѾһķӣȻǷһ뿪
ѾǴ棬ѾѾһһᣬ֮Լ߻ؼȥ
һһһһһһ֪Ľϸոô𣿡
ϵͳʶ㣬Ϳ϶жˣո˯ʱö
ѾѾһ·ˣ𾪵һһжǸոöǲҲжˣ
ѾѾԼһֻҲ֪ʲô˰죬˵ûﲻ
ϵͳ
ռſڣϴ϶ѾȥֶˣϾʹżСĺȥؽˮ
쵽ˣҪؼԣ·ϿĽϷɱؼҡ
ںʱûѾѾżܣ·̵߻ؼҵѾѾȥס
ɩô֪
ѾѾűϡ
ϱߣ㲻ǸһȥϿôȰӱȥˣӳʲôˣ
Ľεˡ
ѾѾôüĽȥϿˡ

Ľϲε飬ռҵ˶֪ˣүӻ֮ѾѾЩ⣬ˣЩһȥңĽϡ
ҳ֮ѾѾЩ䣬үӸ˵Ҳˣصһֱڷ
һһĽϵĶǲǺѽ⣿ϴθĸ˵Ǹ˵СүĽϰɣҪҽȥĽ𣿡
ѾѾ֮ǰҺĽһ͵Ļ
ѾѾˣһһҲ
ʱ⣬ڽĽϵ׹
һһ˵˿ǡ
ѾѾڿϣȵƣ˫ȣᶨǾͰĽҽòãҵҽͿĲˡ
ĽõѣҲ뿴¡
ϵͳĬһᣬֿڣȥҽĻܻ᲻̫ңҵǾԳԼΪһҽϵͳ̳棬һЩʳ⣬Ҳкܶҽ飬Щҽˮƽҽ֮ϡ
Ҫѧҽ
ѾѾ˷̧ܵͷҪԼͻҽĽϾͲ뿪ȥʲôطƣǾһֱһˡ
ϵͳ˲һŴʯͷˣ֮ǰͳҪʲôѡһѧϰû뵽ھԶһɡ
С棬ҲԽԽϵͳҪҲԽԽߣһܣ㹻ɫôϵͳ˥䣬ֻ֮ǰһԽԽ٣Բʲô¡


87 ڿҽ

֮ǰһ˺ȥֵ£ѾѾõһЩֻ֣ΪڻûֳԻֲ̫ࡣ
һҽ㹻ˡ
һһƼѾѾһһЩŵ鼮
һǡũݾһǡ˺Ӳۡ
ũݾֳơݾ򡶱ҽĴ󾭵֮һΪִҩѧԼԴũϣڶഫڶʱڼ顣
һʱһˣغʱڶҽѧѼܽᡢʱҩѧɹרǶйҽҩĵһϵͳܽᡣ
ⱾѾѾǲڣֹģĴ˵֪ʶǳǵ֪Ҫõҽѧ伮
˺Ӳۡйͳҽѧ֮һپִȻҽԺУҪγ֮һ
˺Ӳۡϵͳط˺ԭ֢״չ׶κʹԵȷ˶˺ġࡱı֤ʩԭ򣬵춨ҩۻ
ѾѾ鼮һڿϿ
ȿǡũݾϽĲҩͼƬǴûѧҽѾѾܺܿš
ϵͳ鼮ǾıģΪӭϲãܹ֮ȥԶǳ׶İ׻ģʱʱᴩż档
ѾѾ˼ҳýζ
ֱԷҽĺ档
ƿŽѾѾſڴϣСѾ𣬻һҡһΣ߹ȥ
ѾѾڿʲôأ
ڿҽ鰡ɩʶöҩˣ극Ǿȥɽժҩòã
һһ˵ʵǼΨһ׼ѾôҽҲҪɽȥʵһ£ܲڴɽϳЩҩС
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Ͼ֣һ뵽ѾѾһѣ֪һЩǶ֪ĶܸѾѾһЩûпĶ
ڸѾѾҽҲġ
ֻȥɽժҩ
ſѾѾߣɫ޵ҽ飬㶣뵽ѾѾǸ֮󣬻ָ˵Ҫȥɽժҩ»һЩУҪͬ˲ȥأǻȳȥԷ
Ҫ극ˣȥ·ġ
á
ѾѾӦţҽͷ¡

үܾѾѾҪǿѾѾȻ˵ڿҽ飬Ҫȥɽժҩĺ£Ӳܾܾ
һӣѴɣɣѾѾǱѾѾɽ־ôɶСЩģ͸ɴѼӵҲŸѾѾ
ũݾһǼʮҩЧ
ѾѾһһ˵ģҵ˼пܻɽϴڵĲҩʹŴһɽȥѰҡ
ܷܷ֮ѾѾңѾѾȥ涼ûдҲҪѾѾһɽȥ
ŮռҵĴ󱦶ռҵǿɲɽߣֻڴɽߡ
ɽϵĻݲݳرïʢһƬ͵ģѾѾǲŸտʼҽ飬һʵˣܹһϳ֮ǰժĳǰ⣬ĲﶼһͳƣǾӲݡ
һһҿЩݶú񰡣Ҫôǰ
ѾѾɽЩöĲݣЩˡ
СӺ
һһĵظ˵ţͬʱɨһȦΧĻ˵Ͻǵķʮһػơ
ػƣοƵػݱֲ߿ɴʮףʣʱɫ£Ϻɫ
ֱɴףҶƬԲΣҶ氼ݣھг״򣬻ϺɫڻɫҩҾԲΣΡ
ɽ¼·Իĵصȴ
¿ΪưɫػƣΪͳҩ֮һ
ƷҩϷΪʵػơɵػػƣͬʱҩԺ͹ЧҲнϴĲ죬йЧࣺʵػΪѪҩػΪҩ⣬ػƳĿ䣬ɫнϺõĹԡ
һһ˵ػƣѾѾԺУϾð˿ĹڵػƵĴ
ٰһһ˵ģϽǵķʮȻһʮ׸ߵֲҶƬԲΣϺɫĻ䡣
ϲغҵһػˡ
ػƣʲô
ܷܷ߹ؿѾѾհµĵػƣüͷ⻨һ㶼ÿ
ǲҩģժȥƺˣҾõҩȥǼˡ
ʵʵʵͬʱҲܰװ˷һҩֱȥõģһá
ӣѾѾֻҪһʱͻȥɽϲҩģѾѾָ£ռ֪ĲҩҲԽԽࡣ


88 ĽҪ뿪

Դ֮ĽϾһֱûгֹ
ѾѾȥ̽ĽϣᱻĽҪΪɶѾѾͳ
һ춼
ϵͳһҾ֪ĽϵѾѾһһǵ֪ĽϻûѹЩ죬ҽøӵطʳˣ޲Լһ죬һգ۾ܱҽ
ֻһһ˵ˣҪѧҽ͵þһḶ́ԽҪѧԽ͵ҪĻ֣ΪѾѾŬѧϰͬʱҲҪ취ȥȥĻֲС
ǰѾѾǺܴһССһϲȥ棬ϲȥѧãϲ챻ſ顣
ڲһֻҪѾѾڼʱһڿ
ڿռҵ˶ȾˣɰǶڿˣļɣȻѧϰڸũʱҲǰҪڿһЩ
ԼŮӶôڿ죬˵Īүӣÿ춼Ը׷ԡ
ƽ˼죬ֱˡ
ɰȥõļ˼ʹܲ·ϿмʻȥҴҵܻѾѾ
ѾѾȾĽϼܡ
ܵĽϼʱ򣬿˶ϰᶫ
ѾѾĽǼҰʱҲᶫģᶫѵ
ѾѾ￩һ£ԼĲ²ŵ
˶ҵʱܽңҵĽϾסԺӡ
ĽϵԺھֻš
Ƕߡ
ѾѾ˷š
ѾѾ˵һлл硱˽ȥ
Ľϡ
ѾѾһһͺĽϵ֣һһ˵ĽϻڻԵ顣
ѾѾ
Ľ
ѾѾܵߣɫ԰׵øҪ͸һĽϣۿһӾͺˣڴߣĽϣĽϣǲҪˣҪǲǣ
ȿȡŬ͸˵ûܱס˳
Ľϻ죬ѹ˵˫ҲûʲôȥѾѾ˲۾˿˵ţǡ˵ҪҾβˡκҾͻ㡭
ѾѾסһ˫۾ؿĽϣ᲻Ծð
һһڿΪĽβҿĽҸβ𣿡
ѾѾĽϣĽ뿪ֻһһ
ϵͳܣŸţڻܸκ˿Ľϵ֢״ȽأҪȥõĴסϵĶԣڵˡ
Ŷ
ѾѾӦš
Ľزˮ˵ãҵһҪúβһҪһһֱڴģҲŬ飬Ҫ㲻ˣҾͻܶ࣬ҵĻƽҾͲ㡣
ĽЦЦ˵ȳȥɣһлҪѾѾ˵
˵ſ档
ĽѾѾߣչȥС˵Ǳ˱ңҵ˾Ǿ취ֵεˡ
ڴˣ˱ѾѾߣӰѾѾİΣ
һһҿԽĽ𣿻᲻Ầ
ɣûµġ

ѾѾĽϼĽ˵˻Ự˹˹ָԼԺҪټĽϾϡ
һҪһҪǵûң
ѾѾ֣ϱˮһ
ҴӴߵ飬һڴﴫ
֮ǰΪ飬ö˵һҵѾѾǰãֺôʱ䣬ӻ뿪Ҫ㣬ΪԼܵҵٷأΡ
ѾѾ֪һ˵ʲôֻ֪һĻ˲
˴ɸɹֱ˵һߣҲ뿴ҵǰ
鲻ãͲҪòĺúˡ
Ľ뿪ĵڶ죬ѾѾȼ˶־ѧ飬ѧҽ
ռҵ˿Ҳһ
ɺͶɸհ֮ǰɹɵһҩ͵ҩȥ˻ү˵ϵ⼸æˣ͢ʳȻˣеʳǳķùĴףĴϰճ˻
Щ±ֵòȫۼſ¡
Щ̵ĴǼˣһѾǵʮǮһȻкܶڷţҶҪȺճˡ
ѾѾҽԱ棬üͷһֱš
ҵ±һֱòǻô
үѾѾ⣬΢˼һڣ±ò˿ܻǱȻģ⣬һӻģӵĵطȥҲܻᷢ˳һ顭


89 ʩ;

ǼҲǻǶóףȻʩҳԺòã
ѾѾ֮ǰһһĽ϶òһζظЩʳǳ֮ơ
ֻڵƺ֮ǰĲͬ
֮ǰһܵȴ͢ľȼãֻڳ͢ʳˣɶڵԣЩʳܰǽ±⣬пܻΪʳ֮С
ǼҾֻǧӣȴǧǧ򣬾ǼҵȫóʳҲǱˮнοڵʳ۸ô߰
үûֱӾܾѾѾ飬ֻǸѾѾһЩеĵط
ѾѾߵүߣ£ͷڣϵĸ˶һӾʳЩ±ǲǾʱõ⡣
ҪֻҪȵճɾˣֻҪڴܹͦˣҲͲᱻƵȥһЩɿƵǲǣ
ѾѾ˵Ҳδһ취ֻڵҪóĸ˰ԼӾȥһЩɵˣ²ôס
⣬һһѾѾһЩ顣
ѾѾյүӶ߶˼䣬ү˫һԸⵢһʱ䣬æͳȥţȥϡ
ϵ̫ңүӻΣգôɸȥ
飬ѾѾһСѾͷԹĵģҲѾѾܹŪ׵ġ
ųܷܷڷ￴ҽ
ܷܷûѧҽصݣҽҲȤֻǾѾѾ鱾滹вɫͼȤһᡣ
֮󣬾ģƿ鷿ųȥҰɾ档
ʱһξ͹ȥ죬лүӡ
ѾѾԺ﷭ҩɹĳ̶ȣϵĲҩܵݣɵһԣү˵
飬ϵĸһǾ˶ʮЩѾõȥһĵطȥʳˣǱûзˮʳǵòǺ
Ҳвٵ˼ֱӾʳȵ۴ӱǱʳЩ±ʱˣʣµľǷӵ⣬ˮķӣھʱһЩҪǮĻȥ޲ؽˣȵǮ֮ҲܺùЩˡ
ѾѾţʳۻĻ֪˻ĳʳĻȥʳ𣿡
ʳֵϰն̫ҪѾѾϣʳ·ϻ⡣
ͬģҲϣʳ·ϻ⡣
Ͱ׵ѾѾ˵ھȥǣӦò̫󣬶;ҲĵطٴкôҼǿֿš
ѾѾ֪ھǸʲôģ˵û⣬ַĵܳȥˡ
Դ֪Ľϵ˺ѽö֮ѾѾҲˣһ뿪ݾܵ鷿ȥ顣
ռҺûᣬע⵽󣬸ү˵껰֮Ľظ˵ѾѾ⺢ڿ죬˸ùŮˡ
˿ѾѾүԺ°ͣϻǫ˵ţ⺢ҲҲ֪ܹá
ɾǫˣҿţѾѾǺӿɱȲٺӶڿ춼ˣ˵һ飬үӣ
Ǵǻ˼ǰ˰ɣû˵ʲôʱٻ
˵ңү̾˿ߵͻȻʲôҲû˵
ǾͿϧˣҿǻ˼ҵСӿǸĺӣҪܹȥնȻ뿪Ҳã˵ȥٵĵطȥѧˣҲǼ¡
æռҸү˰ʱϵر˻ᣬ뿪ռҡ
ڳֻصˣүҪլص飬峤Ҳȥס
ռһʮĶլأլرͨҪһЩһĶҪʮӣؾͻһʮӡ
ռլصϢڴﴫոֲ΢һЩĴֿʼ۷׷ס
ռķ˰ɣ۾գһ¾ʮĶլأҪһٶӰôĵأҪŪķӰ
֮ǰһӣһΪǽأڿӿɾԼˣ˭ôӻ
ռǲ˰ˣǼҿɲͳǴͷһˡ
Ҳ֪ǼôһӾ͸ˣòߵʱʲôö˰ɣ
ǶϲڴĴĴİԡ
ѾѾѧ֮󣬴ɴؼңﾭ˵Ļյ߹ȥһ


90 

ѾѾŲյߵ£һȺ䶼ʮĴ֮䡣
ոջڰռĴǣ᲻Ǻܸ˵
еĴʲô¶ûзһѾѾкѾѾѧ˰ѧЩɶ
ʣѾѾͻشָͷѧ̵Ϊƪ
Ի̣֮֮޳ܡ֮Ե£֮гҸ񡣡
˼ǣ˵÷ƽȥգʹ̷Լǣϰֻڷܳͣȴʧȥ֮ģõ½̻գʹȥͳһյУղ֮߳ģҲعˡ
Ϊ̷ֻʹ˱ⷸʹ˶÷ɳܵĵ½̷̻Ҫö࣬ʹѭ浸أʹ֪֮ġ
һʵĴһ±ơ
ѾѾ˵ʲôӵǸʲôģǲ˵ΪʲôҪ˵ЩôĻ
ѾѾЩɶҪǮܸܲ˵һأӼҲӣҲȥأ
ӵ׳Ŵɻûиʵ
ѾѾСӣ϶ûʲôģ֪鶼˵ˣȥ֮ҲܴźһȥСˡ
ĴҲϢš
ռһӾóһʮأⲻ֪ö˶ۡ
Ҳ˵༵ʣ󲿷ִܹռҶݣ֪жģеĽԼҲռ
Ͼû˻ԼҵӶġ
ѾѾƨŲŲģڴһЩӵףصǼû֮ǰɩȥӣԴӴˮ̫æˣæֿ֮ʼ׶ôɩȥӡ
Ҳȥˣڴɩȥ˵϶̫ƽôҶҪȥ飬ҲҪˣȻҪǳ¿ɾͺڲġ
ѾѾǻ֣һʼ˵ͻûûˣϲƪۡ
Ѿ˵ˣҲ˳ˣͼ߶Ǹո˵ǼҵҪߵǶǺ֪أĽϺĸʲôûҡ
Ǹ˶
ҪĽֻԺ󶼲ˡ
ǲ˵£ѾѾĽϾȻһĶû;
ҪԵʲôĴǣ
һθܵ˲֪˵ʲôΡ
ĽˣڶҲ˸ҼҾϷˣҪǸɣڶûɡ
ѾѾô飬ֿʼ͵ˣڴؿŴµĴ
ѾѾĴǣ
еۿѾѾĽҼҾƣе׶˵ϷжôĲбǸѾѾһ棿
ǸѾѾҸûؼҾˡ
ҼûιȻȥˡ
ҼҼҲûԷҲûȥˡ
ӵȿڣĴ½½Ҳҽ뿪
ºֻܿʣѾѾߵҪȥĴɡ
ɣǻȥɡ
ѾѾվſ˫֣ȵվǰ§ŴɵĲӣôɱȥ
صռҵʱүҲյңؼ⣬Щܷܷ֮ǰĵģȥҴ峤ӵ顣
ү˶ſɱѾѾһѾѾôߵôõظ֮ѾѾϽЪһᣬȻѽĹִ꣬Ҵҵسš
ǼϾҪס𣿡
ѾѾӴɵıܹȥϣϵĴȣһŤһŤġ
ϱѾѾεÿҪվȣС֣˵Ҫȥ峤ȷӦҲˡ
ѾѾţ̫ˣԺҾԼķ䣬Ͳŵ׵ĺˡ
ȻѾѾķöúܺõģֻǸʼղ̫ãÿ϶׵ĺġ
ܷܷռҸѾѾһ˯ѾѾĻһЦš
˺ڣѾѾԴ㻰ࡣ
ٺ٣ҽȥȥˡ
õҪĴ𰸣ѾѾųܷܷ鷿ȥΡ
յ̵һһҲѧˣܿ죬ǳܷܷ˵֮û˼ٸȥѧãûүӵĿΡ
ѾѾ鷿һ顣
ǿӷĶΪһЩ
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ѾѾͳܷܷͣ鷿ĴԺ濴ȥ
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ѾѾ֪ռɩľֻˣʱɻ󣬸һϴɩŮˣѵĽ㣿


91 ù

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ѾѾȣǱҴôǽ᲻᲻ϲҰ
ڼģͿܻܴĽ㣬ѾѾЩǡ
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ԺӵĴű򿪣Ժ棬ղŵ˼ææس
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˽֮ܵȥſһȦȥϷţѰһ飬ܵ鷿ȥʲô
ûҵ֮ԺﻹˣתͷҵϣѯʣҴأ
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زٰǼүΨһˣǾȻݲ£Ķ˰
ϱһ򣬾ͿʼȻָϸѾѾǡ


92 

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ϱҲˣǼҾѾѾҸڣѾѾʲôǼǵһʱ֪ġ
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ҵϣվߣСǼùôˣǰЩ겻˵Ҳ𣿡
󷢼ҸѾѾҵôھӣѾѾҵҲ˽߰˰ˡ
ǰЩռңռֳͦ顣
˶֪ЩڶһԿŲ˵
ǻѾѾСһ겻ûʲôӡ
ļУǵһο򣬱ŵö㵽ϵĻһ˫۾ֽסԵؿùǲǷˣҪҪ
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㣬һùõģ͵źӵãûе㳤ˡ
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ѾѾһؿڣԻ˼Ϊʡһտ˼¹ɡΪɼ˺գԨԻĿԻӣԣ𶯡ԨԻ䲻˹ӡ
⻰˼ǣԨʡ˵ԼһжҪȥʡһˣµһоͶˡʵʵ£ȫԼѵڱ𣿡Ԩ˵ʵʵĿ˵ĲҪĲҪĲҪ˵ĲҪԨ˵ȻޱҲҪЩȥ
Ȼʵʵʲôĸûʲôϵǿһ仰˵úܺãǷӣԣ𶯡
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93 

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ѾѾ𾪵ؿŴɣΪʲôôɰùΪʲôҪңҶûùýأҪˣ̫ˣֲõϲҲϲԺٵǼǧҪ˲ˮҪɨѰϳȥ
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ѾѾʹ˵ʱүҲ˵˲١
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94 

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ϵͳѾѾһ֧룬ԼĻֶһġ
Ϊһϵͳлˣûлֵġ
ʵҲһ֣ұѾѾĻࡣ
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ǰѸմӵڻĽϵ׼ʰõȥ
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УɣҲǣ㿴дʲô󿭣⿭дԼܿ𣿡
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ѾѾֱһһؼȥ˭ûдãùͷϡ
ŸɣֻѧѾѾһѧɣɣд΢ҪһЩѾѾһ䡣
ѾѾ鷿ѵֶǵԺȥԺ棬ϴ϶ģ弸ҵЦЦ
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ÿÿʮĵĹǮ˭Ҫȥⱨ
˵ǰˣҲ˭ȥȥģϾǻӵģķҲҪסŵģЩʵɿȥæС
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˶ڹű飬ûע⵽ɹȳϵĲݴ


95 ɢ

ߣʶ˶һʮĹǮԼþȻôС
ݴЦһųûע⣬ӡ
Ǳӵʱ򣬴峤ǼҴռҵ˾Ȼؼȥ
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մ󷢣սҵմˡ
ЩǴɿʵģүӿһۣûʲô⣬ôɶǼȥ˹˵˵ӵ顣
ǼҽĴլӣѾѾͼֽһһģһһִĺԺ˸Ϊǻˮܣˮĵͼÿס˵ķ涼ϴԡ䣬ˮֱͨϴԡȥ
еˮֳͬһˮ䣬ˮײ¯ͳһˮ
ͼֽѾѾϲóģռѾ𺳹
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ǼʣµҪǾԼķӣ˳ֻҪ͵øʲôľǼҲģǿһѾѾУҿûʲô
һʮģ緹緹ҽõĹȥң
˶ӦҪ
ǲģ˶УʱȻ˽ǣǾͰ˵ķԸ¾С
ǼģûῴͼֽҶûҪߵ뷨ŲµԼûˡ
ҶҪӣΧһͼֽˣһţһطҪôŪһҪôŪҪȥɽϿľͷӡ
ˮˮܵ£ү˵ˣȥײҲȥ˶ֻҪѷӽС
ͼֽѾѾóģһһѾѾѾͼֽϵеطѾѾͼֽϤҲһȺ׳Уǽ⡣
ѾѾ˵رרҵĻһȺ׳ñġ
ʱһϤ𣺡ߣǶߣɢˣǼҲˡ
磬λӽʱҪܵʱҪˮˮܵģҪڸףԡ֮ˮҪȥߣҪˮĵطҲҪ
ѾѾ˶ճͼֽϣһָָһָָŵ͵̧ͷ


96 ȥѾ

һ۾ͿűܵĹùãһ׻Ҫϵϸˡ
ϸ˺ݣϵĹͷݵͻˣžһܲദӡ
ŴЩӲ˵ɢ˰ɣǲ빤ˣˡ
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ĺӶ֪ǰһֱڴǾͲ˵ˣ֮Ҳʱʱͻÿλֳ
Ҫʶеѡ
ô˵ЩӶ֪ؿүӡ
վϸ˾ͳ˵ʲôûǼյǼҲ빤ˣˣϽã˵Ļ˼
Щڨڨؿˡ
ʮąȣֲһ׬ʮӣ־ܺùˣҳ˶ʮ⣬ÿ컹ٷôõĹȥҡ
ֻãҲļˡ
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̾˿ˡ
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һˮͲǼҵˣΪʲôùü޳ȥˣҪǼأ
ȻĻ֮ǰǼҶĲǷӣôûùӻΪùþǼҵ£ǼӣȰԼõǼҪǲǣ
˵ˣ˲˽ģȻǼҳµʱ㶼ԸǼңǼӣҲܲһŽȻĻҲ̫˰ɣ˵ǲǰ
ѾѾֻǸСӣ֪ʲôǿ˵ģʲôǲ˵ģֻ˵ԼΪеĻ
ⷬһ˵ոЩߵĴͣ˽Ų
Ҳ뵽ˣռҳµʱûԼռˣռҵˣռˣôܾ͸ĵռҵأ
ܼܲү˵㣬ֻҪүûпڣǾͻ
˵ʲôֹƨ¡
ͼʶѾѾ˵ͣѾѾŵܻؼȥˣֱŸ˹һ١
ڿѾѾֱӶү˵磬ղҲˣѾͷûù÷˵ҲռҵˣҿѾͷҲûˣҿǸϽȥɣ˵ˣԱҪѾߣҿ԰ȥˡ
ѾͷȻ˵ûòûТģҲ㳤úÿҲϼӡ
ѾѾѾڻŵʱӣԼ̰١
ɫǺ죬ſھôùõйùûԼֶŮȥ˼ҵѾߵġ
ѾѾǺϲÿ·Ҷغһá
û뵽Ȼô񶾣Ҫ
մҲò˼飬ߵؿҪΪڱҲҪһùãҲ򼸾䡣
м˵ţһʲôʸռҵ£˵ֻҪѾͷҪҼֶӣֶﶼˣҸ綼ңСҸ۵ľá
ռ˵㣬Ҫģ͸Ͻ뿪ҲԼʲôݣƤռҵӡ
ռжŮ٣һľֻһŮģСǱ軵ġ
˵ҪûǰҪѾѾ£˵ֻѾѾ֮һҪ˺ѾѾˣռҵĳˡ

˵һᣬڱһˣѾ޳ȥˣҪܾȥżҵ飬ռҵڸûаϵϽ뿪ӡ
磬˵ʲôǲ˵ˣôң
ίһ
ߵϸҲ˵ǰ˵ʲôأðҲΪòų˵ģ㿴ǼⷿӲסͦõֺα˷ȥ·ء
ǸǮó򣬸ȥ׷ӺˣСھԺ飬Ҫ˷ӣҲܷЩǣԺȡ˹ҲТ˳ġ
ܱھͰӰװ˷˺ð
ѾѾÿһ˵Ļͷؿүʵھܽ·ӹˣΪʲôҪӸӣñ˹ӣٵԺȷ᲻Т˳أ𣿡


97 ˺Ӳ

ԣȵ֣˻ܳ⣬ǵⲻܳԣǵʲôأţ
ѾѾЩյüͷʶıȽϴĶﶼóȽһ
үӣ
һΣֱСŮĻţ˵ҹŮ˵ĻҲˣǼھбܹϺӣҪТ˳Ҫûʲô£Ǿ߰ɣһҪ½ӵ顣
ǡ
֣ΪһˣռҾ㲻ӣҲῴķϣĻȥߵȷʵǡ
֣ϺݺݵصѾѾһжѾѾġ
ҪѾѾڣȻ谮ãռҵӾģҲǼҵġ
ãҪӾͽӣôûعˣξס죬˳ɩӸɻ
֣ϲ֪ڴʲô⣬û뿪ֱߡ
Ҫ£Ҫڼס죬ҲҲɷֻȥ
Ժĺӣ˵ţǼ۷ӵ飬ǰԭƻҶûʲôĻͿʼɻڸɻ֮ǰһҪ˸ϴһȥϻˣҾˣ󷢣ҵˡ
Ҳ֪Ҳܷ⼸Ҳ㹤ǮֻǾͲˣڼ극ٹǡ
үӻڸ˵Žӵ飬ѾѾֱǸ˵һ֣ϽݣҲ֪ʲô
˺þöûг
ѾѾСȥϷϣǣȥݣ֣ϸ֪Щĳһӵһߣֵĳ
ĹӿǾֱӵ˵ϣһᣬ֣ϻһЩʺʺֱӲӵıԵ
ѾѾס۾ҿؿڣöģǸźò˵ˣʺϴ־ͳԶ᳤ӵģĶǲǾкܶˣ
ǸˣѾѾǰҪȫ˶»ѾѾˣϾŮҪģ֣ϺѾѾǰ£ѱʺǳԷϡ
һɻð
ݽǷŵɨѾ߹ȥ֣ɨÿÿôô࣬žķ
ʲôû𣿡
ûǣɨˣתȥһˮֱӵȥҲǵģôŪôࡣ
һˮ֣ϣֵ֣ģȥһˮֵžĨʹز
Ҳ֪ʲôˣٸʺҪϣŪģỹø˵˵Ӹ˲УȻԷġ
ߣȥ·
֣Ϻ˰죬Ͼֻ˵Լģ˿Ŷʪ͸·ɴȥøɾ·ϡ
ѾѾżϣϲӣҲȥæӺ࣬ܰ·Ϊɰߡ
֣ϺȥϣǵĻ˵Ǽÿ˾ֻһ·ûж·ˣʵǱǸ
㡭
֣ϱָ߶µġ
ϵ·ʪ˲ֻػԼļȥ·
ôˣүӻЩ֣Ҳû˵ʲô
ѾѾſ򣬿յܻȥϣùøǸϸˡ
ţȥдҵȥﻹҪϴΡ
Ŷ
ﲻҪæѾѾֻػ鷿ȥҽ顣
Ͽν̵ݶһһ̹ģҵѧˣʣµʱ䶼ҽ顣
ũٲݾѾ顣
ļԺãѾĲҩҩЧȫ
Ϳʼ˺Ӳۡϵͳط˺ԭ֢״չ׶κʹԵȷ˶˺ġࡱı֤ʩԭ򣬵춨ҩۻ
̡ӡ١ҩĦƷҲ
༱ȷҲռˡʳжȵľξɫ
ж˵Ľȣִܽ˹
ἰߵƷҽ˵Ҳ˺һ֣ͬʱھвͬƷ
֮ǰѾµũٲݾѾѾڿ˺ӲۡʱᵽҩҲȫһ֪ģЩܾһеҩ
ߵƣѾѾ͸һһ˵дǴȾ״Ⱦˣڷֻ֮ҪѲ˸뿪ܽ˺٣ڵòĲˣԳҩ


98  ȥȷ

ĻҾûԳľ㣬ձɣݷպ㣬Ƥ۹ɰۻƣƣʲݣ磬ġһҪ
̵ͨϡŧɱѢĹЧߵˣſԣҩԻ֢״
ľֹʹƢʳʳãʳÿʳĻָ
ѾѾԼҩдÿһҩĹЧһ顣
ϵͳ൱οܺãȻᣬĺܴ
ᣬŸտ˰µҽ飬ѾԼҩȥò˼վܹ˿ˡ
ѾѾԼҩдãҽϣһţ鷿ܳȥ
ϵͳ棬һ䣺Ҫȥ
ȥ氡Ҹܷܷȥ档
Ľϲˣֻܸܷܷˣżųܷܷȥһ档
ڳܷܷһĹϵҲܺá
ϵͳ
ողŸеһЩοȻǸСӣ̫̰ˡ

ٹգռҾҪӣΪæĴ˵˻ٻʳգҪȥ򽨷õĲ⣬廹ҲҪȥ
æ£ʳˮҲһЩ
ҪһЩȥͼڵ϶ǲġ
ҪĶ٣ĳʱ򣬰ѴʣµһţҲ˳
ţһʻϣͷϸϴε
˵ɩĸ磬ǿϿֱ֮ǰ̫ƽ˲٣֮ǰЩûˣ˵ȥʲôأ
ʳǿ϶ûճɵģЩϵң˵пܾȥӻˣŻôһ䡣
Ѿܾûϣǰʱ񱩶Ҳû˵Щ档
ĴҪôϵҵġ
ȻͿŲԶһڣмʲô
һֿ˶
ÿնʩ࣬ڲöˣźճܳԶٱġ
ʩȷʵǺ£ֻ⳯͢Ǳ߶ôûʲôʩ˰ҲҪˣҲ֪˰ôˡ
˵Щ˶˵ö˵ˣʱȱ֤ǵ±⣬ϵǮ˼ʩʩģ˰̫ү϶Ҳ̸ģǾ̫үС
Ⱥ˴ǵţǰ澭
꣬Ȼ򣺡ԭǴѾʼʩˣֲôҾûôˣ˰飬Ǳǲǻûи˵չһңͿʼ˰ģʱ˰ɡ
»Ҫ˰ĻǰʱļȥӸʳ᲻ˣܹǲùˡ
̾˿

ãյ˳͢ǱߵϢ
ʳ飬Ѿдӿӱ͵ȥǱ߻ظѾ飬ֵ
ΪҲֵ࣬ӣҲǳ͢Ǳȡ˳飬ٹپġ
ʱ䣬ٹңֵӸĹԱͻᵽأʱǵҪи˽⡣
վ̫ƫƧˣһһصĵøµʱ䣬ռķȾȾȼȻϰǶ֪ιˡ
ź̾˿
ʦүֱǰһϣڻֵԣ̧ͷҲǴиڹϽĵطôһˣдڣأȻԽԽõġ
ҲϣԸصķչԽԽã㲻ְôһ
°ͣ૵ͬʱƿӣվʦүλ߹ȥһַӵĽλãһֲαϣͷϵ˱
׵õò˰ɣȥʳģʣµľǸЩص˷˰ɣҼǵǱ͵ģķؽˣ
һʮ˼ңסɽϣĻɽ£ʮŻˣǵ֪֮󣬵һʱ˹ȥǴ˼ʱסķӡ
õ׵֮󣬸ÿ˶ʮȥְ˹ȥڷӦýòˡ
ʦүűӰѰ渵
˼һᣬ˵Щ˵Ĵأٵôˣǵƺתûˣ׼һ£ҹȥһˡ
ʼվϰյ飬ãԹȥһ۲ܷġ
ϵʱ򣬻˱ǸͼԼֵ˸ܲ


99 ð

ˣСѾѾ˵ǼҾסú棬ǻ͵ȥɡ
ĻļţƹõĴţԱߵһ߽ȥ
ʦү߳վſڵ
վſڵΧİôҪŤͷʱ۽ǵ⿴ռҵţչӣշˡ
ǲڽǣ
ͣţعͷ˿
ҲŻͷһۿվſڵˣæߴ٣ǳڽǣȥ

ſڣĸ˵˵һмĻ˸۹Ѳ͵úȥ
û
ռҵĳܷܷʵܷܷѾͷû鷳ɣҪѾͷǼˣǾܹ˵ϾȥҪǼʲôòõĵطǾ;˵Уù˼ݡ
˵ܷܷЩͷۡ
ѾͷҪܵռȥѾѾһסס
ͷŶô˵ֻСӦţûûû
忴ȥֵ˵̫ˣСǼҺأѾѾɸгСڼˣ첻ųС㵽ҴڣųСڷ￴ҽ飬ǿҽʱҿСίǸϲѾѾϲһ鿴
ǼҲС˵䱧Ǹء
ѾѾĺϲܷܷģϲʲô̶أʲô¶ϲųܷܷһ
ԼȤһҪܷܷ
кüΣܷܷӲͱѾѾŽ鷿ȥǳԷʱ򣬶ܷܷһҽƵᶼˡ
ȣѾѾǺӻڿҽˣ
ǰѸҽ飬˺óһʱˣҵʹ˵ѾһˣڶҲڿˣڶǸ˺ʲôйصģ⼸쿴澭æһĻȥ˵׸Ⱦ纮
ҪԼȥЩҩЩʲôԤ˺ء
ʱ򻹷ǵģζҲˬ˲٣ˣֺȲˡ
˵ˣЩ˰æһȥ˴磬ȾϷ纮˻治٣Ǽһúܡ
Ѿͷһֱڴ˵ĹͣǲҪء
˵ѾѾϲ˵˵ţϻһЩԼûвĳЦݡ
ҲĻЦˣ⻹ȤлĻҵҪȥҩԣ⼸գȾϷ纮Ҳ
ˡ˵￩һЩ
ձ鶼ϰǿ׳һЩټĻʳҲһȾϷ纮ˣǼֵĴӣԭ˵ˣĲ
½ȾϷ纮ˡ
ٽջ飬ͲλˣÿˣȥǼҰݷãҾһˡ
żæſ
ףֵؿ뿪ķ򣺡һû˵ѾѾŪҩأôߵôأ
Դˣ˼ҳصĸĸ٣ΪǴͷЩүʱһһشѾѾ£߰ɣǻҪȥء
ԣһ̫˷ܣˡ

ѾѾѧʱҲ궫ؼҡ
ϵһˮŵԺ棬ϣСǼͶڵϴ⣬ϴϴ롣
һһ⣬ѾѾ촽˹ȥ
ЩǽҪԵôǲǲóԷֻˣ
أСŮǸÿˮҪӣϾ;úЦ͵ЩҪҳԷ׼⣬ǼҾҪʼ·ˣҸˣ⽨ǸҶࡣ
ǳԺһ㣬ҲЩǼҵķӽá
ԣҪôҳԺһ㣬Ƕ⣬ҲҪ⣬ҲܸĵصǵĹŮ
ѾѾݺݵصͷʾͬϵĻ
ϣҪǲԣǲǾͲǵˣ
ϾԼǷʲô˵顣
ѾѾ߸˵վ䣬鷿ȥźãȻܷܷȥˣԺȻˡˡš
õûͦ죬ͦ
ȥš
ѾѾ䶼ûз£ͳŴȥ
ҡҡ׹ԺӴţѾѾƿԺæ
㲻۸ǼҪܷܷߵ𣿡
ܷܷݳԺԣɻ߳


100 ѾѾĲ

ҵ𣿡
ۿܷܷȺһСá
ѾѾ˵ѾѾе飬鷳һˡ

۸ʱ䣬ûֱ
ϲģ϶Ҳȥ
ҺۣһѾѾһʹ϶
ǳ÷ɱȥ

ѾѾ˳Ҳû˵ģֱӾͿڣѾѾ˵Լҽĥһη纮ĲҩӣѷдϾȥץҩ
԰ھд
ҪдҩѾѾǺģ϶ϣëպѾĥõīˮ̵ֽдš
϶ԱҲûʳ֪Ҫⷽкأ
ⲽԣҲû˵֮ǰ屻һӦ˵ɣҽվʹʦүȥǱߵؽû뵽ӵ˶ȾϷ纮ˣֻʣһЩ׳ǿܿס
Ѿ˴ȥˣ뵽濴ĸ壬˵ѾѾڿҽ飬ԼһζǺȣһҿԱȾϷ纮ҾôﻹζȾϷ纮Ҳԡ
ѾѾһдҩһҲĶԻ
һһ˵ҽƼѷʱ纮ҪģһӾȻа˶Ⱦ˷纮ҪǲϽҽΣпЩ˶Σյġ
ԭΪǰչ֣ѾѾд̵ģһ뵽žĴǣҲ˲ֺòÿɷܿͰ䷽дһжʮζҩ
ֱǾջ衢ìҶȲ,ɽҩ,ӡɡߡɣҶѹӢҩġ
඼ǿȽⶾĹЧûв˺˿Խв˺ҲиƵá
д֮Ͱҩ˳ЩҩץֱӼˮ󿪾УˮҲȽһ㣬ζ͵һЩټһζŨһЩϾǴͳβҩûôƣֻһԤã
ǺҩҲǰٷ֮һЧġ
ҪĸȾ纮ˣﻹҩҪҪȥ˵ȷЩҩʲá
ѾѾ˵ʱһĴһ
϶ǣ𾪵ؿ
ϾѾѾͰǣ꣬˵ſ˰µҽ飬дһҩͺܲˣǿɲָῴ
ӹҩЦЦҩ͹ˣģбĴڿţʱģҲңһˣɫҲˣҾͲԷˣǻȥɡ
ҹ·ߣټϵʱΰʵǲ̫õģҲѾѾǣæ˹ͻشȥ
ԼԴҩȥץҩԴȥҩˣæҹ͵ȥ
ʱʱ򣬲ƣػصúļ
˯֮ǰ˻һô죬ȵ˯ɣԼŪҲˣҲȹ֮ȷʵ˲١
֮ǰû˯ãڸģڶЩ
һãһݵ
Ͳµ϶æԼ˲Ϻһڵġ
ô˵һҪˡ
ЦЦӹ룬һڣϲؿˣĲ˵ζ治ûʲôЧͳζܵϺˡ
ĶʮζӦֳֿģֻѾѾϲֳֿĶԼ䷽ҩ˱һζҩҩ

գѾѾѧ棬ŵ潲Ѿѧ͸˵ŵǰĴ
һһ˵ȥЩȾϵķ纮ô˶Ⱦ˷纮ôЩ
ϵͳʶѾѾ༸ٱǧʱҲüٱǧѾѾ쳣˵
22͵ʱкܶ˶ͬʱȾ˷纮ǾҪ迴ǲˣִУĳ̶ֳ˵ʵ൱ڹŴߡ
ĵǰǱֵ߳Ĳͨķ纮пܾߡ
ҪѾѾٶѧ꣬ǶѧµҽģѾѾڲֻѧ˰µҽڵδܹߡ
ûϵͳǰҽֻʱˣһȷΪߣôǸӵ˿ܶĵںλãסεҲпܻȾ
ϵͳ˵ѾѾ֣һһô˵ˣ
ϵͳعЩ˵һó㵽ȥҪ˽Ǳߵľ


101  ѧ

Ҫѧģѧ̵ݣѾѾˣҸɸһ١
ѾѾ뷨ϵͳ֮ǰȥѧΪҵĹޣټĽѧ㣬ڲһˣϵͳ̳ԶһĶѾ֪ʶĽҲѧ棬ȫɲȥѧá
ʡȥѧõʱ䣬Կҽ飬ѧ֪ʶҽ֮⣬㻹Ըϵͳһ֪ʶЩû취ġ
ѾѾÿմѧõʱʱ
ʱȥѧϰһЩĶͦġ
ֻӣѧþ͵ͬ˷ʱ䡣
ʱȥѧϰġ
ѾѾȵ۾һĴȣѽôû뵽أҺĲôѧˣҽȥ˵
ѧѧʾѾȥˣѾѾÿ϶Ըôȥѧá
ܸŴȥ档
ֻҪȥѧˣͿŴȥϡ
үӴѧڱѾѾ۾֪ʲô߹ȥӣѾѾ˵˵Ҹո˵ʲô˼
ѾѾӵ̧ͷ˵Ļ֮ʶתͷԱߵλá
ƽʱϿοСĽ϶ġ
նûΣ֪֪ˣʶҲĽϰ
ſտյλãĽѾ뿪ȥβˡ
ֻعͷүӣҧŴεصͷ˵Բ𡣡
ѧ棬Ҳѧһү
үӿһۣ˵´Ρ
ǡ
ѾѾɵӦš
˼ָӻ磬ҪϽԲѧѧͲᱻ
ѧ֮үӻҪѧĹΣ׼ϿεݣѾѾɣɣȻصļҡ
ϵͳѾѾôֱȥү˵Ժ󶼲ȥѧõ飬үаٷ֮ʮĿǲͬģҪүͬĻѾѾ׼С
ϵͳ˵ˣ취֪ѾѧԺҪ̵֪ʶС
ǣѾѾһصҾͶ鷿ѡѧӹӡ⼸鶼ҳȻʼرÿһÿһ˼
֪ľϵͳ
˳ĵ㣬鷿汳飬϶˽ȥġ
ȫʱÿ鶼ѺĲֱˡ
ѾѾı鷿ţȥүӣܱߺҡ
үӽסѾѾͷݹı飬üʣʲô˼
ıҶˣ⿼ңҶ֪ʲô˼ģŵĻ㷭һҳңҿ԰㷭
ѾѾ˴ѧļҳݹȥүӡ
үӿ飬ֿѾѾ˹˵ãǵ㣺
д֮ڣʳ֮߹ѣΪ֮߼֮棬ƺӡԲƷơδϺʶ²Ҳδк²ҲδиƷҲԻˣڼ֮ࣻңţ򣻰ٳ֮ң֮о֮еνΪΪҲҶߣСӡΪ֮С֮ʹΪңֺߣ֮ӣνΪΪҲ
Ӧ⣿
֪
ѾѾŵţ¸һԭƸҪ࣬ĲƸҪ٣ɵҪ죬õҪͿԶָˡ
ее˻ûее˻ơûоλϲʴȶλ˲ϲģûϲ겻ԼҵģûйĲƸղڹġ
˵ӵһˣӦƽһһĲҲţӵ˼ңƸļҳоƵļҳеʽļҳ
˵ҲӦѲﵱ棬ӦΪ档ƹܹҴµֻڲƸľһС˵š
ΪǺõģС˱ΪҷôֺͻһʹͳҲ޼°˵ҲҪѲ棬Ӧ嵱档
ѾѾ˵ĶϵͳģٷĽͣûвӸ˵뷨档
ѾѾֻһСѾͷѾѵá
ү룬ַǰȥҿѾѾľӡ
үӷһҳѾѾһ
⼸鶼ʱŵģֻǼҳĶˣ϶ǰҲˡ
û뵽ȻҪǰģãһҳĽһ𿴹ʹϵͳġ


102 

ѧ֮£ֹơֹ֪жܾܰǣǶܵáбĩʼ֪Ⱥӡ
֮ߣߣҡߣ
ߣġߣȳ⡣ߣ֪֪ڸ
֪֪ϣ϶ޣ޶룬Σζƽ
һλ⣿
ѧ棬ѾѾһλġ
һ£ڣѧּںеĵУڹذڴﵽ߾ơ
֪Ҫﵽơľ緽ȷĿ꣬ȷĿĵĵܰȲңȲҷ˼꣬˼귽ܴﵽơ
ﶼиĩڣ¶նʼˣ֪ǵȺ򣬾롶ѧּԶˡ
ڹŴеĵкµˣҪԼĹңԼҵˣҪԼļͥԼͥˣҪƷ£
ƷµˣҪԼ⣻ԼˣҪʹԼϣʹԼϵˣҪȡ֪ʶȡ֪ʶ;̽
ܻ̽ȷʶʶȷϣϺܶ⣬Ʒ£Ʒúܵü壬úùңúʹ´ƽ
ʵѧҪǵľԹԪ,ƽ,˶ҪƷΪ,ͥ塢ҡҪǲܵġ
ػĩȴ飬Ҳͬǲܵ!
Ļһ5СѾͷ˵ү𾪵Ըӡ
ѾѾã룬Ҳó
ѾѾϽָļҳ
үѾѾ⣬ѾѾȫԴ
е鱾ϣŵԼֱߣȻѹţߵӣѾѾ
ѾѾܹȥ˫ַӣϰ棬һһŲ£˫գһһΣ۾үӡ
үӶСŮ̫ϤˣϤÿСŮ֪СŮȻġ
εؿ˵˵ɣһӱôҵʲôĿģ
ѾѾסүӵֱۣǰҡţͷ㿴ˣҪ̵ĶҶˣҿԲȥѧǧҲѾȫˣұ֤ҲȥѧˣҲһú֣úö飬ֻȥģòã
ѾѾȥүӣ͸Ź֣ڷ͵ɼˣѾѾ˵ĻﶼŲһ⡣
ǲʲôʱСãСã
Żڰȥүǰ˵ǵĻ
˵㲻ȥѧˣ
үӸѾѾȷһ¡
ѾѾͷø˹һ
үѹ鱾ϵ̧ã촽ſڵķ򣬹һᣬѯʣͻôСȥѧʲô
ѾѾƨŲŲ˸ˣ˫үӣ˷ܵؿڣѸҺܶ鰡Ҳܶණҵģ˵ˣѧҽлȥʵһ£Ҫһֱѧ棬ҶԣҲû̫ô
Ǿÿȥʵһ£ѾѾԼϹߵġ
ϵͳûи˵Ļ
ѾѾͻСҪʵҲϣܵȵʹһЩʵģϲܻʱ򣬹Ĵȥʲôʵ
ֻǣϵͳҲûȥֻܱ
үӳ˰죬Ȼ˵ģտʼ㲻ȥѧˣҲܸڴﵽҰ֪õˣͼȥѧøŴһд֡
ѾѾүӿ֪ΰߣ֪֪ܶĶǼҺܶæ
Ȼ˵ѾѾȥѧãүҲԸһء
ѾѾȥѧõô
գɣɣĽؿѾѾĲ鲻ԸظүӳŵʱѾѾԺ϶϶ȥ塣
磬ȥȥȥһҶôõҽˣѶ˵ˣҳȥ˿ˣʹҹȥöȥòã
ѾѾȥѧ֮ڼһжϹܣֻҪͬ⣬ѾѾܳȥ
Щİӵ˶ȾϷ纮ᴫȾѾѾûܾѾѾҪ


103 

ֻȥ֮ǰϲ֪ѧģѾѾŪһڿֵĶϲȥ
ѾѾſ֣϶ʳ֪Ӧʵ⣺ҵأҲҪȥİ
ϰ϶һۣ˵㶼ôˣȾϷ纮ˡ
Ժ棬ûüȥɻˣ⻰һЦ
϶ѾѾȥˣߵſڣعͷԹؿһϡ
ѾѾҾҿ϶ġ
ѾѾſ϶ıϣɷµصͷҾҲǡ
϶ѾѾȥϡ
еԶҪ·ȥĻҪʱ
ǲ϶ô·ģֻѾѾҪ·ôʱ䣬϶ѾѾȵϣȥ
ѾѾ϶ֱӱȥãǳûûĻ͸һȥС
ѾѾ϶ã˵õʱǲŸ׼
϶ѾѾ⣬룬ѾѾ϶
ѾѾղҪȥѧõôʱ
ѾѾѧö飬ֻҪʶ˶֪
ѧöѧʱ϶Ե޹ʳſڵġ
ѾѾЦӦţͬԺ󶼲ȥѧˡ
ŶЩ죬ͬˣ
ǵǰȥү˵ʱүм䶼ŶԼŮԺ֮飬˵ԼĹŮһܵѧȻͬⲻѾѾȥѧã
Ҹ˵Ҫ̵ĶҶˣʹӦҿԲȥѧ˰

ٶȱ·ܶ࣬·ȥҲҪʱϣֻ˰ʱ͵ˡ
ѾѾ֮ǰһֱ˵ڴֺЩǱ˵ȥģ޵ȥţѾܵ˺
û뵽ʱ򣬲ŷУ̫á
´˽һˣȻһƬǽ塣
֮ǰڽķӣΪԽԽȾ˷纮˱⣬ӵ˶ٹҷǽ˵⣬ģҪôǻûҪôŪһ롣
֮ǰˮķӲкЩԭ
߽壬һʬ帯õζ
ѾѾͳϸ׼Ŀִϡ
϶
վ棬Ļֱˣ϶űӣšüѾѾ˵ѾѾҪǻǻȥɣﲻ̫ʺ
Ĵ񶼼еǼõķ档
˴Щ̽ſΧǽϣ̽ͷ͵͵شѾѾǡ
Щ˴ڣݿݣϴһЩ̬˫
˲úء
ϵͳ͸ѾѾ˫ۿ磬ѾѾ˵
ѾѾû϶˵Ļ
һһҪô죿һûѧǲǿǵʲôˣ
ѾѾȷʵѧҩģҲ֪Ⱦϲͬ͵ķ纮Կʲôҩһǣûѧ
ôЩˣжϲǵʲôġ
ϵͳ˵û£Ҫѧҽ֮ϵͳ̳ѾԶһϵиҽйص֪ʶϴҵCPU棬㿴ҿԿ
ΣͲԼȥֻҪҵķԸĲ˿ҩС
ֻһ˲˵õĻ־ͻûйϵˡ
Ĳ㲻ߣͨķ纮Ǹôη纮һκˣ׶ҲܸߣϵͳٵĻ֡
ֻѾѾڵҽԸ˿һϵͳͣеĻֶѾѾûйϵ
ѾѾνصͷû£ֻҪܾ˾С
óȰѲ˼еһ飬װģظǰһȥɨ財˵塣
á
ѾѾӦţתȥ˵Ⱦ˷纮˶ǿǵôˣ
ѾѾһ˫Ĵ۾һգգؿųһģζʮ㡣
ҲԵֵס
ټ֮ǰѾȥ㱨İճ˴򿪵ҩ֮һתûУһм˵ķ纮֮ǰأһֱڿԸͣ
ιȷȻȥ
ѾѾ˵ҽҪ˼飬룬ȥЩȾ˷纮֢״ʱǺص˼й
壬ȻСѽҺҽ㲻ҪŶһκġ
ѾѾĵһˣһʮ꣬ͷ߰׵˵
˿ѾѾһӣҲûʲôģֻⲻúʧ֣ѾѾ
ͬʱϵͳҲɨ˵塣
ʱϵͳż˵ã˸Ⱦߡ
ߣѾѾʳ
Χȫɫ


104 ÿ·

ߣ˵õߣ
ɫ䣬һʱʧ̬ץѾѾļ
ߴûйߵʷοôһȾϷ纮ĴҲû롣
ѾѾȴ˵ǸȾߣ
ûķ纮뵽һ飬Ҳ֪ߵΣжأһԵļ
ѾѾûлشĻڸһһȷ
ϵͳ˵Ⱦȷʵߣ֢״纮࣬ǴȾԼǿҷѸ٣ƣ졣

ѾѾǰĴүżҿԸҩҪʲôҩã
ѾѾȻѧ˲ߵҩǲе߶һģ߾͸ִһ֢ͬ״вͬƷ
ϵͳܿ͵صҩƥƷ
ҪѾѾ˵ʱһʮСﲦȺ˹
ÿÿҽȵĵʮӣĴаȾ˷纮˰ɣ
һѾѾѾѾײӹ˵ʼһ߸һ˵ǺãܵȵβİɣҸȷ֮󣬿ҩǳˣܿͻȬġ
ҽȣ
ҽȵֶһ¡
֪ҽȴʲôĳһӾͼ
ҽȾ͸һҽɣҽ츳ҽѧţڣؽҽ˵ֻҪҽڳĴ򣬶ǸҪֺõĶһפ̫ҽԺ
̫ҽԺǸβģ֪ǵҽҪߣ˵ȫõĴ̫ҽԺ棬ҽȵĴȴóһֵ̫ҽԺȥ
ҽȴһƬ½õҽõĴ
ȴҲûҽȳĴ򣬲Ҫβ뵽ÿǵ飬ԸԸΡ
һԳҽȵʮӵС˵Ҫβ𾪵ԸӣһֱضǸС߶ƿһ¡
Ȼ˲ѾѾ˵ʲôߵ¡
ϾһǸտ˴ҽСѾͷһҽȳĴӦ˭Զ׼ġ
ѾѾƵڵϣ϶æȥ̧ͷŰѾѾƵС˵һ䣺õǸƵˡ
쿴һ϶ѾѾмЦһ·û˵һԹԵظ˰
æȥ϶ѾѾҲǾļѣ˿òٸú˵˵
϶ߡһתͷȥѾѾһԵ£·鿴ûˤˡ
϶ѾѾ˵ӴһѾѾǰͰѾѾߵס
ѾѾСֲ϶ԴķЩѯʣ磬ҽʲôɽסĶҽ𣿡
ܰɣ֪ǲҽȵˣҪǣҽȵôûò϶Ҳʲôõط
϶û˵ҽȵ֣ӡǳá
ѾѾҵʱ˸һ˵Ļ˵ҪҽĽβ˵ֻҽĽϵĲ
ǰҽȵĴǲҲĽϵĲ
һһҪܾĽϵĲˣĽǲǾͿԻҾͲѧҽˣ
ѾѾѯһһ
ΪһֻСѾѾѧҽȤѾֱ½ʼҪǻҪĽβ϶ֲڡ
ϵͳβĹ̡
ϴү˵һ䣺ֻͨķ纮ѣ߿һҩȥץҩܺˡ
ϵͳӦѾѾҽȵҽܾܲĽҲ֪ǰԳҽȵʮӵСǿ϶ܵģѾ˲ˣֻڴƺ㣬ʱʲôҪ
˻ͦ죬֮ڼҩ֮ùǺȾУȥ֮㻹ɩǶһЩֳҪҲҪǰ׼á
ѾѾϵͳ˵ĻκλɣҲǡ
صͷţ֪ˣҹȥʽ㣬ôҵҽҵҽҾͿԲѧҽˡ
ϵͳеô죿ߵȴ𰸡
磬ÿһ£ҵ·ˡ
ѾѾƿ϶ܹȥ
㣬ʶҽȵҽܴȥ𣿡
컹ڸĲ˰ѾѾͷػ֣߿¡
ãվԶһ㣬ǽܴȥҽ𣿡
ѾѾɵվһĵط


105 д

ҲǷ纮һ鿪ҩܺá
һ
һ˹
۽ǵ⿴ѾѾվԱߣ߸ϵؿڣ˭ҵСϽߣӰҸ˿
ѾѾͣɤӣٴ죺㣬ܴȥҽ𣿡
ֱѾѾЦ㣿ҽΪҽʲôҾң
ѾѾֵؿΪҼʲôˣҲҪܴܲȥҪҼʲôˣԼȥˣԣӦþͻˣ˵ô˼˰ҽӦûϲҵġ
첻ͷٴλӻ֣Զһ㣬Ⱝְš
˰ɣȥҽġ
̬ȣϵͳһѾѾ
ѾѾܻص϶ߣĹĵ˵ţҽһǸ׵ĵطҽ϶ҲɿһҪдŸĽϣҽˡ
ѾѾ˵úСΪģЩֲ壬϶û˵ʲôֻ۵Դ
ѾѾָϵͳ˵һһһҪҽѧòУȻһĽҵҽҽˣû˾ˡ
ţûҽ鿴òˣ쿪ʼѧϰɣѧϰļ˰
ֻҪѾѾԸѧҽϵͳʲô˵
ѾѾѵһ˰壬ȻڿҪҲԸôȥ˵磬ȥ߿òã
Ӵ߹ȥֻһӵĹߵߡ
ѾѾֻСӣûмʲôģһһ˵
һһ˵Ǹ磬ǵĹȽϳĽֱǳƺӣ齭
Ǹ齭ࡣ
ѾѾȥ齭
϶ԥһ£˵ͷȥԣǴǣҵ֣ԼܣȻһ˾ͻˡ
ɸǴĺһôÿ궼˱ߵϢ
ֻҪȥѾѾƴصͷ
϶ȥ˵ѾѾͳȥһ·ϿûȾĴ񣬸λãûߴ·
һңѾѾǰͳһƬɫĽˮ
ʱˮûбȾˮɫ
һƬˮ·𿴲ͷϣʱʱһϮ˻ɽѾѾ϶ϡ
϶ҪѾѾסɽ˻ѾѾļתȥ
Ҫ羰
ѾѾ̾ŵؿǰôˮҪǶˣΧĴׯòᶼû˰ɣ
֪Ϊʲôᱻˮٳˡ
һһҪÿ궼¼ĻǲÿܱߵĴׯҪؽһΣҪһˣ
ѾѾû϶ֱʵһһ
϶ǱҪܶܶĴڣЩ֪𰸣϶ǿ϶֪ġ
ϵͳšһѾѾͣҪڴ󽭵Ĳͬλý̰ӣһ̰ӽ֮ǰʱĴˮ̰ӵĵ󣬿Կˮ˶ԺˮĿŪعܿƽӵˮλԵֺ
̰ӹúãԱѴʱˮλʧȥƣ߸õطȵԣٺˮܱߵв
Ϊ̰ˮãشĺˮҪõʱ򣬾ͿΪԱתƣԱӮʱ䡣
֮ǰ˵ʱߵģֻƺ߳⣬ŵ´ˮܱߵĴׯˡ
ѾѾΧ˵Ļϵͳ
ʱѾѾܻ̫ע⣬ϵͳȷʵ档
ѾѾϵͳôһѣҲߵ顣
ԣ˵ߵ飬˵ǰĴˮû߳ģÿ궼ȥӹ̣Ǿȥӹ̰æӹˣǲ֪Ϊʲô껹Ǳһһ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ѾѾץԴһɻ϶ΪͷƤ˶ѣָץץͷƤ
ȻץͷƤ
ѾѾֵؿ϶һۣץûͦķϣûƿ֣ץ
һһ˵
ϵͳѾѾ㻹ǵϴǱ˱֮ǰ߼ӹĹԱ˱ϵһ߻¾Ͳ⣬˹Ϊ֮
Ի:߲,ˮ,֮,ӡ
ӹƽЩԼӦõģڵӣУֻǺܶ˲ĵ
ǻ취ȥ̰ȡЩƸȨľЩһеϰǡ
ϵͳǺٷԼĸģһֻǽ̵ѾѾô˵ûκȥһЩ顭


106 ҪǮ

ѾѾϵͳȾص̾˿
϶ֵؿѾѾʲô
ûǻȥɡ
һһ˵ˣڻǸȨƵСãЩ飬ԼǴ˵ġ
ֻܵǸ˱ȥ֮͢ӣ͢Ǳ߾ͻ顣
϶ͰͲôѾѾȥʡĳЩʲô顣
˵ѾѾߡ
ѾѾ϶˵ˣȾϵߣ϶˵ʲôҲԸٴѾѾذȥֻڴ濴һСȥ˻

ռҡ
үѧѾѾȥʲô顣
ѾѾЬүӵã˵ǸȾϵĲͨķ纮ߣһҽȵĵǸβˣҲûпǵõߣʱ䣬ֻڼ顣
ѾѾȥĿ֣֮ͱȥϴɾÿˮַ̹̫±ɹ
˻ϡ
ھ֣үӿϵĿ֣˵Ǻ״ȾģֲûȥչЩˣҾڼĿ֣ʱ͸չ˲˵˴š
˵ˣ֮ԻᴫȾΪвǾҪľǴףһôȥ϶һЩ׻ȵҽȵǸС㷢ԼδˣǾʹŴ׹ȥȰһ
ҽȵӵͷסѾѾ˵ǵõߵ顣
ѾѾص׼Ҳϵġ
ֻڼǰ׼á
һһ˵ˣа취Ʋ飬ϼҲû¡
ߣĿˣ
үɫúѿѾѾȷһ
ѾѾͷţߣҲû£ѻôģ˵а취κǡ
Ҳȥˣ
үɻ϶˵ˣֻѾѾȥôѾѾҲ֪¡
ѾѾҡͷǣûȥҸ˵ģҸ˵˴ǵ֢״֪ǵõˣһҩߵģȥҩȰҩץɣǿڼȰһҩȵҵʱ򣬾ֱӰҩ͹ȥ
ʱǻ᲻ῴҵҽ
ѾѾС
һһ˵ˣôܱƲ𣬵ʱҪֱӴǸҽȵӵ֪Сȴβ
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ȻѾѾ˵ģвޣȥ˵ЩѼĺǶټ⼸춼ѾѾİš
ܷܷҲ֮С
ȵү˵껰ꡰѾѾˣѾѾ֣ѾѾСŹȥ
ܷܷ㣬㺰ҹ𣿡
ԣܷܷѾѾĲ԰ӱϣ˿Χûˣٴοڣ˵˶Ⱦߣ𣿡
ѾѾ׳ܷܷΪʲôҪֵ˵ţǰһ˶Ⱦߡ
ܷܷɫףҵأҵ⼸쾭ȥ壬ûȾѾѾܹκ𣿡
ûȾ˵ˣҪǳ޷ȥ壬ҲǺȾģû£ΣҪǳˣҾͰκá
ѾѾСš
ܷܷһûһּⲽǡһȥҵ˵Ҫȥ壿
ûȾ֮󲻻Ⱦ
ѾѾ˵ΣҲûҪȥðղǣ
ѾѾҲҩܹѺȣʡһһ㣬ߴųܷܷȥɡ
塣
˵ҽȵĵӣóҽȵƳϣڰţҽĲˣߴȥҩ
˲кϢһᡣ
쿴һۺ滹ʣʮˣ룬˵ҵ֢״ӦһģҾͲˣʣµ˾͵ҩ˺ҩС
˵꣬ȥǰ¡
ֵҸղһǸһʮ˿˲ҽȵĿӵĻǿ϶ǸˣǾһ㣬һʮӾУһһǧʮӣҪƱǸ
ʨӴ󿪿һ
Լ֪ҽȵĵ֮ȷʵҪֺ˼ҲûΪԼ˵Ҫģʲôġ
뵽ıǸӣû뵽ֱҪһǧӡ
ҽȵȷʵֵЩӡ
룬˵ʱûдôӣҪǹﲻ⣬ٻȥΣ
аɣǾͳȥðɣûйš


107 ƫ

һҲԸڴ档
룬ȥʦүҴֹȻȥӡ
ӣʲôӣ
ʦүе£ڴβôͱȥˡ
˵Ļתʦү
ʦү꿴ķ򣬱ЩѿˣҽȵĵȲ˵ⲡԼҪģӣǲҪеˣ
ҽȵĴǿķ˵еǱߣǶһЩٹǿʱԸĳͣҲ˵ҽȵĴƶڿǲӵġ
ȻҲҪģֻǿʱڣҲǿģôͿҪôء
ʦүǵÿȫûˡ
̾˿˵ˣֻҪҵĲκãӸҲֵġ

ȥӣǼҸʰһ
ԭǾ컹ڸ˿Ըסڴ棬϶ҲҪסҵġ
һʲô飬ҲϾҵ졣
û뵽ӣһ䣺ᵽٸǰһ
뿪
ҽȵƣ϶ǼٵҽȵĴ򣬳Ҳû취ֻ֮ܵ󣬴ǰ˵ĻǸ
һߣܷܷͻ
˼˳λãֱܷܷȥҳ
˷֮ǰļڻʣ¶٣ܷܷ桰غ˱߳ȥ
ܷܷôˣ㲻˵Ҫռסµ𣿡

ܷܷһ˵ϣһᣬɿŵʵûﲻ
ЦܷܷԴﲻ
ܷܷѾǸĹ֪ͶһŮӵҪԣ֡
˵ѾѾ˵ˣĴȾϵߣȻǰ֢״ź纮һչھģڰôãҵᱻȾ
ߣҽȵĴ˵ֻǷ纮ѣѾѾտҽ飬տʼѧϰѧûǺܾһôһȾϷ纮Ϊ߶ѡ
ųܷܷķߡ
һˣҲʱ䣬ʳܷܷӴ϶ûԷģȥЩɡ
ܷܷšһ
ڳѾѾ˵㲻СѾѾѾѾȻŸտʼѧҽĺ츳ģҿ鶼רҵӣߵķӣ纮ķӡ
ѾѾԼд˷ȥץҩҺȣȹ֮󣬴ҵ֮ҲȷʵһЩ
ѾѾҰǽӵĹҲÿǼҰ裬һ嶼ɺˡ
ѾѾļȥժĲҩõҩȥˣĿ߼۵ģѾѾҶˡ
˵ѾѾܷܷɵЩ
ųܷܷĻĵؿԭԼҲ֪һСﶼȲ˰
ܷܷ˶ţû˵˵ֲЩҪ㣬㲻ҪСѾѾѾѾ˵Ⱦߣпߵġ
İŮŭˣЭذ֣úúãСѾѾҪǹûкתٺôȥǿ
˵ܷܷˣ߹
ЦţŸŮˣ˵ǸŮ˵ʲôĻأ
ϱ˳ܷܷһۣʾܷܷҪ˵ﵣġ
תȥ˵ҾڴÿĲ
ܷܷôôͻˣ㲻˵ҪѾѾһʱٻ𣿡
ûлɣڹĳܷܷ;顣

ռңѾѾ϶ϴ˸ˮ裬·Ҳ
Թ֮ѾѾڴһ˯š
˯رֻ˯ҹʱεĽϡ
ĽϲҪҪҪ㣬ǶƭӣǶβģӣӣҪҽ
ҽȵ˶ƭӣǾֻƭˣˡ
죬죬죬ץ
ϵͳܽ뵽ѾѾѾѾ˵λܹ³εʲô
ҽȵĴͬһѡ
ĳ֣ѾѾѾ춨ҽȵĴƭӵ֪
үӺϱѾѾѣʲôҽȣʲôƭӵģһͷˮ
ϹȥѾѾûѹļ룬ٹȥ
գѾѾһûϴͳ嵽鷿ȥ
Сãһ鷿ʲô
ɱѾѾײһ£һ䡣
ҪĽдţҪܱƭˣϽ
ѾѾãĽڿ϶ûģˣױƭġ


108 ɿ

ռҵ˲֪ΪʲôҪôҴææ뿪ӡ
ѾѾô˵ҲֻΪѾѾ̫Ľ˶ѡ
ȵѾѾ緹Ѿʱ֮飬ô鷿д˺һš
д֮ѾѾһʡ
һһҪôżĸĽأ
ҵ˶ˣѾѾ֪ĽҪôĳȥ
ϵͳִŵķ˵Ǹ磬һѾˣǻᷢʼøϲİרŵĿݹ˾ͻġ
Ҳÿš
ûпݹ˾ʾֶûУҪŵĻҪôȥھ֣ҪôͿû˳·˳·ȥ
Ǯһ˼ңҲüȥһˡ
ѾѾָͷһҲ֪ôھ֣Ҳ֪˭˳·ǼҵӶȥҲûˣûˡ
һ꣬еɥҶܸĽϼ𣿡
ϵͳ룬οѾѾܵȼĹɣûĽϵĵַҵĵַǼкܶˣҪдŵĻеǷ˸š
ѾѾִ˷ܵ˵ţҾ͵ĽŸˣǼҵ˰͸һٶдݡ
ҿԸ˵ߣҽȵ˶ȴˡ
ϵͳ
ѵ
Թ緹ѾѾҲûȥ档
ϵͳĸпܴĴ
СС뵽ǺҵģһЩΪԼ棬ڲϰյһЩԭµ顣
ҪЩܿϰգֻԼһЩ
˻׬ǲģǼҵѾӻˣһһ˵ˣỨǮ
Ҫٶ׬һЩӣ׬ӵͬʱҪҽȥ
Ժܸβˡ
Ҫһ㻹ǣҽȵ̫ˣһҲĽϲúأҲ˵ĽûвƸô죿
ϵͳѾѾ˽ѧϰ˵ȰѡƵھѾѧСһ֮󣬶ҽѧ֪ͻ롣
Ƶھ֡ࡷʡ֣ҽѧ伮
һۺԵҽ飬ڻϵϽҽѧϵġѧ˵ѧ˵ѧ˵ѧ˵ѧ˵ѧ˵֢﷨Ρѧѧѧ˵
ҽѧȻᡰҽѧģʽ
زԴڹ˶ĳڹ۲졢ٴʵԼ򵥵Ľѧ֪ʶ
ѾѾ˽ԼƵĻԣӦûѧϰҽĵ·кҪӰá
ѾԭƵ۰ʮһѾֳơʮһѡҽִľ
ȫ鹲ʮһѣʴʽֺ̽ҽһЩ⣬ݰ硢อ򡢲ӪѨ̡֤ȷ档
ʵھѾ˺ӲۡũݾϳΪͳҽѧĴ󾭵
ı鶼꣬˽͸ҽϾѾš
֮󣬾Ҫ԰иӾϸ˽⣬ϵͳƼרѧд
ѧѧдʱ䡣
ȫø踳ʽ֡Ծ͡Ծ֣Ծ١ɬ顢ʵ27״
Ծϵʱ丸ŸΡ޼׫ɾɣƽӲȡ
кٴʵʣڼУ㣬ʺϳѧҽѧϰ
һѧ
˺ǰѧ֮ɣѡ¼ھѾ˺ۡҪԡȵ٢йѧ֮˵ٴʵʣ
ѾѾϵͳĽ⣬²ûϵͳ̳Щһ
һƵھͿʼС
Ƶھ˵еҽ鶼ǱȽϿģѾѾһȥ֮󣬾ͻޱȵͶ룬ǼҸڴػ·ӣ޴
ϣСϼɩԺв˸Ҳ˿ûв
һһ磬ֱϰѷ˽鷿ԣŻ΢ͣ
ϰѾѾһݷ˵鷿˳ȥѾѾ϶һ鼮ʱϵͳ̳￴һɿĶͼƬͦÿģһһһһʲôɿ
ɿִһʳɿлһζСϲԵˣǸȤԶһһų
ϵͳر֧ѾѾϵͳ̳һģҵһرȤĶŻŬȥϵͳ


109 ѾѾ

ѾѾϲʳͣϲһЩĶ
ֱӺϵͳ˵лһ࣬ɴϵͳһһɿ
һһɿǹֽԲɿرؿɰ
˵ֽźںɿԥֱ档
ҧһڣɿɿҺɿһѾѾ֪ôݵĿڸУζ鲻Խ˫ۡ
óԣóԣһҪһЩɩǳԡ
һ־ͿԶһʮɿѾѾʮȥһһٿɿ
ԼһȽʮ
һһû˵㻹ôóԵĶ
ѾѾڲʶһһֱ֮ӱóԵĶ
ϵͳε˵͸˵ϵͳ̳ǣԶһģԼѡ
Ҳú۵ĺòãϵͳˣһϵͳ̳ǵĹܡ
ȴ̳һЩ⣬ûúÿ̳
ҪͰ̳жһһˡ
ѾѾȷʵ
鲻ܹһһˣͷҪҪٳһɿ
ϵͳεֹ̫ɿģһ᳤֣С֮Ľϻϲ
֣Ҳˡ
ŲҪֺģ̫ˡ
ҰЩɿȥǳԡ
ѾѾһɿ߹ȥ鷿š
ȵȣȻȰɿİװֽŪҵֽţȻ̫ˡ
ϵͳѾѾ˻
ѾѾɿÿģͮͮİװֽӦûְװֽ
ֹţӵһֽ
֮ǰӵģԹֽװʣµֽͷŵ˹ӵ¡
ѾѾóֽóɸɿװֽһĴСһ˾ʮš
һһذɿİװֽȥϵͳȫֽϡ
æ֮Ѿȥ˰ʱ
ռҵ˶ȥ˯ˣѾѾæ֮󣬴˸Ƿֱ鷿ĿϣҲ˯˹ȥ
ʱ֮󣬱鷿ϤϤѡ
һۣڵϰɿԣ͸ݶԵúںġ
ɣ
һѶеֽѾѾ뵽һһ˵ĻĻס˾ɡ
ɱѾѾһܵذϵɿתͷѾѾ
Сã˰ҽǲǻڿ顣
ѾѾ¿ܵߣŵϵֽһţţšʮţɣ㾹Ȼ˸ʮɿҪˡ
ѾѾ𾪵žɡ
ٲȻѾԼҲǳʮɿ
¶ؿѾѾʵСãʲôɿֻǣûгɿ
ھɵĿУĶǡ
ɿôģȻҲˡ
ѾѾָŵʣɿ˵ճԵЩɿˣѸ˵ˣԶݻỵġ
ɻȻֳѾѾ֣СãһҪ
ѾѾһ¾ɵ֣·ɿóȥߵϣϣСߣɿָǳԡ
ɿζõһµϿɡ
ʣµɿѾѾٳԡ

գҲѾѾӰĵ졣
ռҵ·ӽݱռҵжѧϿεүӸɣɣ⣬ȫڽ·ĵػϡ
ռҵŮڼͣظ֣ҩֲ˴ϱϱһæ
ѾѾ鷿濴ҽ顣
ѾѾԺãԸߣٶȾͱһ˿죬տһգֿ˰죬ѾѻƵھ꣬ڿѾ
⼸ռ£ռҵԺûйصģûһᣬһ󼱴ٵĽŲԶرƽǼҵԺӣֱǼҵԺͣ
ǲõôǼˣ
⣬Ų̧ͷһ۾Ϳõۣվǰһ䡣
ǰۣӡ󣬾ǾߣͦصģֺǽСġ
СżԺѾѾأмǸϽȥ
ѾѾڼ˵ߣ£һҲ⣬²˵˲֡
ߵ鷿ſڣţѾѾ˹ˡ
ѾѾ鿴棬ϵͳŲš
һ£վ߳ȥ
ֿϣɩȥ׼Ķᵽǵϰɣ˵ţҪ飬תͷȥСǼ𣿡
ˣˡ
Сһ±ƵصͷҲ֪ѾѾڸʲô
Ϻ۰æѿ֣״ףõҩһһᵽϣѾѾС


110 ѾѾ

˰֮󣬾ҪôһһѾǰѾѾк
ѾѾֻҪһһ˵ȥС
һ˫ֻأվ棬ʩǼȥ˷ֿûڴߣȵ۲죬ѾȾ˵ģŵӶߡ
֮Ҽ⼸Ͱףһıˮڴӵĸ䡣
ʣµ˴Ͽ֣⼸ͰҩȥЩѾȾĴȣܺȶٺȶ١⼸ͰȥûĲ˺ȣһܺȶٺȶ١
ҸˣϢһᣬȥǿ
ѾѾ꣬ӣܵϣȻ۾˯˹ȥ
棬ոձѾѾָӵۣһ
СȷʳҪѾѾ𣿡
ҲЩԥ
ѾѾֻһСѣճ˵ô͵ĺӻʲô͡
ѾѾھȻҪһӵߣ
ͷѾѾ˵ȥ
ܶҽȵĴ򶼹ˣЩ˶˵Ⱦͨķ纮ѣͨ纮ȴôҩûкתԽԽء
Ѿĸ˿ȳѪˣֱӾͻԡ
ԼƺҲȾ˷纮ġ
ɵòѾѾ˵ģȾϵߵ顣
ˣҲûʲôµĽչ
ȻѾ˰ѾѾ˹ǾӦѾѾġ
ǼҲȥѾѾæ
ָ˸ߵļۡ
ʦүĻҲһҩȣȵȻѾѾڼǰõҩ
ʦүźüͰǰõҩ˵ѾѾ֪ǻȥˣҩǰˣЩֵĶҲǰˣǸ򵥵СѾͷ
ЩҲ뵽ѾѾѾ˳ˣ΢һЩ
ʦүֹأ
ոջģڡʦүѣ죬ĴѰһ£ҡͷڲ֪ȥˡ
üͷ
ˣɡ
ҽȵĵӣȴѲ黹Ūˣһʱ֮Ҳ֪ô졣
һҩҲ֪ǲǴպ£;úҩһЩ
һԵʦү˵Ҳȥһɡ

ѾѾ˯ˣһһ˵ѾˣӦǷԼˣһСѾͷǰһԿ˺ṩҩ֢״Щ֮󣬾ˡ
ѾѾ𾪵۾ǴҪκòˣǸӦôҽǵôΪ¶ܵ
ҪҿһҽҺõ˸βҿ϶һ߿ġ
ϵͳ˲ٵС˵Ϊ˽ģ˵ҲΪĴһЩ˵βһǧӣĿӦþֻӶѣҪȷҲпܻᱻûȥԲߵİɡ
ѾѾѾż˲⣬֪һǧζʲôЩȣԭ˿ôӵģǵԺѧˣҲȥ˿Ҿ׬ܶӣԼȥĽˡ
ϵͳ˳ִһҽõãҽѧˣ׬ӣֵʱܹһܶóԵĶ

ѾѾȥҳ
·м߶Ǿήңɫ԰ףһúصӡ
۹ѾѾ˵ЩѾǲñȽˣҺѾѾҩǵ֢״⡣
һһӹҽ̫ˣһҽȵӹҽĽβ
ѾѾ֮ǰʱ򣬿Ĵ񣬱Ҫ࣬еߡ
ǶǱλˡ
ֻҪѾѾӷܵѧϰҽһһԲص˵ҽȵĻ
ѾѾߵȥ˳Ҫóҳ䣬Ҳɫ԰ףһӣѾѾһ
ҲȾˣ
ѾѾˣѾѾԼԶһ㣬ӦţѾѾ˰ˣǲãҪǲһʼ㣬ҲôĿˡ
ز£֪СԱ˶ң֪ʵ˵һеġ
ѾѾܳӣߵߣץų󣬸
쿴һҽ飬һ˽⡣
˵ӦǺͻȣνĳǳȷʵมȻǵز
ټһһڱæûһѾѾüͷڣѾȾˣҽ⼸춼ҪؼҾڴ棬ȵ֮ٻȥ


111  

ߣҲҪ
󣬴峤֪֮ⰲһķӸ
ڶ֪ҵõʲôˣԭҶܻŵģֻѾѾ͹ҩǺ֮ǷƺҲôµ顣
һĶرѾѾ
ѾѾһһظǰ
Ҫߣ˰ȾߵĲҽκãͬʱҲҪҳȾԭ
ѾѾڸ˿ʱ򣬻ԸСżڴѰ²Դ
ڴӵĺɽϷ˼ʬ壬ܹǱˮݷ˵ģѾ׵ظãϿʳ֮ЩڴĴҴܣдܵˮ棬ܵʳ档
ŻЩʬ塣
飬ѾѾȥԸС֪ô
ʬˣȥĴׯʿûȾˡ
ȻôҲûߣǿŴҲ֪ߵĴȾж
֮ǰﻹֻһȾߡ
֮Ⱦߵķ֮һ
ζķ֮ѾȾ
ѾѾûа취ƺãһӵ˼
Ϊ˾Բӵ档
ӶߣѾѾеĲ˶Ƿ˼иȾģвѾչȽصģв÷ǳصģѾÿҪļࡣ
ֽʹҿҪҩϳȥץҩȥ֮ǰû˴׵ˮһ飬ٳȥвɰѲȾȥ
ѾѾϣֽʾͿʼӣΪķһһ˵ֻǸдģΪ˼
˿;ѾѾȻ֪ʲôӡ
мۿţͶԲˣǱ˵ôҵôࡣ
ѾѾڿž͸ҽһ쿴ֹﶼҪ
ҶѾѾֻˣȵѾѾﳤ֮󣬸ж£
ȾĴѾѾ֮һԣǵ߶ŨŨİ״ζ
ҲдڿѾѾӣЩţǰĳ˵ж¶µģһһҪȾߣҾײǽˣû뵽Ⱦ֮󣬿ѾѾӣƺҲô¡
֪ΪʲôҾ;ѾѾƺǡ
ѾѾĻһһҩд꣬ߵŵۡ
վȥҳ
ǵһһѾȷˣеĻҪһЩȻһһǿɵκǵġ
ֻǣĿǰĻʺٴȥ
Ѿҳ߲ԴѾʬոɾȻд뵽Ҵڡ
׼ֻѲʲôطȥ
߲֮ǰһһ˵ˣӦôȳ塣
ѾѾҪȥҳ˵顣
ȹҩ˾˲٣ͰڷĴϣѾѾΪ˲߲ȾѾѾҲûڴʣѾѾǲʲô£
ѾѾɲںһܵߣ˸Сӣȥã˵취˶ʱȥ߳˿˸֮䴫Ⱦ˸֮Ҳ״Ⱦ
ĻھǺ״ȾģһֱЩûвĿ϶ҲȾϲЩ˵ģκˣҲǻпٴȾϵģʱôζβˡ
û뵽ѾѾ֯Ĵҵģһ£˵ôҶҲǲУڰԱи׼Ҵ壬׼ҴķҲˮˣǸ˱Ͳ࣬Ҳû̫
ӱ֮ЩвٶѾᵽݼȥסӾֻʣ˼ҡ
ǿȰ˼Ҳʱᵽطȥסţðʯ˰ȥ
ȵһȥˣһؽҲǲԡ
׼ҴʯҲֱȽصĴӣֻΪ٣ͰѾֵصڰʯ档
׼ҴǱֻǰæ˼񣬷Щʳѡ
ѾѾЩŲֻҪ˵а취С
׼ҴʱѾѾһˡ
һһ֪ô𣿡
ϵͳҲǵðȻֻ˵֪
۾ֻܿѾѾĶǿɨΧĻҲоƵģ׼ҴѾѾ̫Զɨ費
ȥ׼Ҵ忴㡣
ѾѾˣ˵֮󣬳һȥ
ıϱ߾ǰ׼Ҵ壬Ӱ嵽׼Ҵ壬ĻֻһӾ͵ˡ
ȷʵ˵һ׼ҴҲء
ũڶˮģķҲûʼؽ


112 

ֻ䷿Ǻõġ
䷿һס˼ҡ
֮ǰദñȽϺõĴһ˼Ҿֻʣһˡ
Щ·ϣ۸ѾѾ˵ġ
˵һ˼ֻʣһ˵ʱѾѾ˲˰
۸磬ҹȥǻ˼Һòá
ǹ˵ʣµ廧˼ҰᵽĴסŵġ
ÿӶôһշӣʱۻȥЩǵĴ峤˵һ£Ҫסһ²ʲô¡
ѾѾҲҪȥ˵ģһӿٶȡ
ͣһשķǰ棬Ѿõķӡ
ǰԺǽģѾˮ壬ԺǿŵģԿԺ˵һһ
ѾѾ۱ϣһ۾ͿһʮĹԺ·ϴϴ÷ף˲·
ѾѾ˷ܵس溰һ㡣
ΪԼˣɻתͷ棬ѾѾϲغѾѾô
·Ҳ˲ӵѾѾķܹ
ѾѾ۵֣ȥ
ѾѾͰܿǣֵվһ顣
ѾѾ˰﷢飬ԭڷˮʱҲˣô峤ģסľǴ峤ļҡ
ѾѾô
ѾѾ˵β顣
𾪵ؿѾѾѾѾʲôʱѧβ˰̫ˡ
ٺ١ѾѾЦţ˿ûˣĸôˣ
ѾѾΪʲôǻشѾѾ⣺˵Ҳ֣һû֮ҵ˾ȻŰŮץˣ˵ǼѾ˲Ҫȥ޸ӣޣֻ˫ȥ
ĸһҿ϶ǲԸóģֻؿŮץߡ
ѾͷҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣƽʱϲ۸ңҼ޸Ҳ⣬Ҳܡ
ѾѾʱѾȥˡ
Ҳ۹ҪǰߣȻð˰ġ
ЩѾѾǴڶȾˣѾѾûҪҲ㣬ҲûطȥˣܲһֱŴ峤һҡ
һһҺ᲻Ⱦ
ѾѾҲðֻȷǷֻһһһ
ϵͳ˵û£ҪȾˣҲܰκãҪԸҲãչ㣬ٻؼҲã⼸ҲҪһģðչɡ
ҲչˣѾǴСˡ
ѾѾǿ˵ţָ˵ǰ͸ҰɣһؼҵʱҲһؼҡ
ϲ㣬һ飬ŲҪչ

峤Ұ˶ŵðŵϣָѾѾȥ壬ŰĴһᶫ׼Ҵ塣
ȥ֮ǰѾѾ˸ְϡ
ЩĴ񣬰һæתѾѾϵĿָá
ѾѾЦЦһȥۼҩΪҲĳ̶ȲһȵҩҲͬҩ֮һҪֺãŪˡ
֮ǰЩҩʣµĿôǵˮȣЩҩߵиá
Ҳܺһ㣬⼸ҲܻؼȥߴȾˣÿչ겡֮󣬶һҪϴ֣ҪעЩ֪ܵ𣿡
ѾѾǸһվһȺ˺ܶǰһٵضǡ
Ľѡ
ҪҲѾѾһͺˡ
ʱ֮ҩˣҲôǺꡣ
΢ϢһᣬͿʼ
ڴ
ѾѾûϵͳ̳һ˴ɽûġ
׼Ҵķ٣ǲסֻܰһס
һһƼеʱľԵѾѾʱҲû˻Щʲô
ѾѾһ
ѾѾһȺ˴죬ˣһɽ棬ֿʼûһ͡ࡱ˯š
ĳС߳ȥվ濴ţҲ˹ѾѾѡ
ѾѾڰ׼ҴʹǴ죬죬ղ˵Ĳ֢һһҩ½½Ȭˣͬʱ׼Ҵʯûͣ
춼ûµĴȾߡ
ⳡߵжĳɹˣǶѾѾû뵽ǻսʤߡ
Ҳָ˶֮ǰ˲١
ΪԼȾ˲֪ⲻͨķ纮ߣҪǵͨ纮ȥƣпܻ˸
Ҫϱȥ


113 ·ƭ

ѾѾڰ׼Ҵ壬ÿҪ飬ֻаǰѰȻ󿴿֢״¿ҩѡ
һһķĴһĴһҩҪܼЧһһҩֻҪȹһΣܼЧ
֮Ϊ֢״ѾᣬΪ˸õƣӦøͬҩѶ֢ҩ᳹ס

ѾѾдһҩ˸
վŰ֣Цţ㣬ȥɽɣҪȥɽϲĢ
ڰ׼Ҵ壬ûϹţм۸ţѾѾҪȥɽҲû˹ܡ
ѾѾÿչ֮󣬾ͻŰȥɽ档
ջļڣɽϵҰҲʱջ
ǣÿνɽժܶҰӡ
ղһһɨһ飬ɽкܶĢ
ѾѾûгԹĢһһ˵ĢζĶǰʱ뻹˵ʱ룬ʡ
ֻҪǸйصģѾѾ͸Ȥ
üĢжģǴ˶ҳԡ
ѾѾʹҡͷǲǣ˵ˣóԵĢûжģֻвóԵĢжģҲŲҪԲóԵĢ
ϵͳԩû˵Ļ
Ҹ˵ĢҲֳжĸûģֻҪ֣ժûжĢ
ϵͳѾѾɽϵʱֱӰĢժȻƷٰѲóԵɸѡȥжĸʻǳߡ
ѾѾȻԭٸ˵
㣬Ҹղ˵ˣѸ˵ֻҪĢժûжĢˣҾͽô֡
ѾѾʲôʱ˵ģҲͳôһᣬͱѾѾŵɽϡ
׼ҴɽռҴɽҪһЩƺӴһȦ
Ϊ׼Ҵ٣ÿ˷ֵĵҲһЩæŴԼĵؾͲʱˣûʲô˻ɽ
ɽϵֲﶼúܺãûôƻ
Ψһƻģ⼸ѾѾɽʱǰۿ·ʱ򿳵һЩľĵطʣһЩͺͺ֦⡣
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ժɽʣºܶ࣬ѾѾժˣɽӣߡ
ѾѾȥܾͻҰˣȻȥɡ
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ѾѾͣ½Ųӣ˽ż⣬Աһһ׶ߵĹľ
ѾѾڿʲôأѵĢ𣿡
ҲΧ뿴Ģǲ֪ʱܵˡ
ǣûĢڿҽ˵ˣҽɺóˣҩʵ֦ҶҲԵҩβлѪͨ磬ֹкֹѪĹЧ
ѾѾ۾Ƕڹľϡ
Ȼɽûܲס࣬ҽȻʳԴҽﾹȻԵòˡ
ѾѾĻ˲뵽ҽӡ
˷ԭⶫǸҩģǿ϶ֵǮˣ֪ﻹк֮ܶǰĸɽȥʱ򣬻ġ
ѾѾ˫һǣŰ֣ðȥ
ǰ߰˲գʮңͣһƬľǰ档
ȥȻȫҽѾѾһ£жʮҡ
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һ֦Ҷժˣ겻ô죿
ţҪҶҺܿժ˹ժЩɫ𣿡
ҽ֮ͳɫԽ죬ɫԽ͸ɫһڰǺɫġ
ũϰˣժҽܿ죬ûһᣬͰϵҽﶼժꡣ
һƬطΪҽ̫࣬Բȫժ֮󣬾Ȼװ˰¨ôࡣ
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ѾѾֳһѣͷҩİӳҲܺóԣ껹ԣȥطҺòá


114 ʳ

ЩƣɲѾѾʧӹҽһ
ʱ˫ѾѾ˫һ
᲻ѾѾ˵Ҳ޲ðɽϵҽﶼժȥ
ҩʲôģ˰ɣأ϶ģȻҩҩģûʲôϵ
ǰ濪ۣЩ棬ҽ﾿жóԣժ˼
֮ǰһѾѾȥĢģԹҽ֮룬ʲôû˵
͸ѾѾɽҰȥҽ

ĢȻǱѾѾˣŰժһ¨ҽɽصǼеĵϡ
ϵͳѾѾ˵ҽﻹƣľҲ洦ֻѾѾԼȾƣ˾֮͸ûʲôϵԼһҽš
ʣµȥָ˰Ĵۡ
˵Ҫ߲˸ˮܽԴҪԵӣˣȥժ
ѾѾЦ˵ţװҽ뵽һ߳һ߿ҽ
һһ˵ˣҪúÿҽҽȥУȻĻֿûˣԺͲܶһԡ
ѾѾܵΣС
ţһһһһְβҪԼ֡
ҪȫתҲҪʱ䣬ȷ
ѾѾڴʮ죬ȵһ˶ȷˣʰռҡ
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ȰѰ£á
жѻɽĹһصã˹
ˣ͢ĵڶʳѾ͹ˣѾȥڶʳ״һãϤλʳǻ

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˵ǽս·Ľܻء
͢Ҫ£ֻǻΪ䣬ϲ˽˵ĿǰΪֹڳҲûʲô
֪ʳ飬˻

͢ĵڶʳ͵飬ܿ˸ʾİն֪
˵Ϣص档
ѾѾհѡ꣬Ժɹ̫Ϣһ䣺εʳòǻİɣ
һһ˵ЩٵܴģʹһΣ϶еڶΡ
ȥѾѾԴʲô͢ʳôǻġ
ѾѾӿ̫ܲã̫ˣ϶ϴγ͢ʳľǻġ
ѾѾͬؿһۣҲû
ɩ˶ԣѾѾ˰һԡ
忴׻˵ĶԣŵӹѾѾһԡ
ɩĶóԣ
ŸѾѾõ·䣬˵ܲóҲ㶼˶ˡ
ռڲȱʳҲǰϸܿؼĳʳԶԵʱֱһӰɰǳԼӶټӶ١
嶼Լװɰǡ
㿴ǶȶԶˣҪǰǣһ᲻
û˵š
ѾѾѾ궹ԣѾѾ֣ѾѾ·ϲʣҪתˣҪһ·С
ŵһ黨ϸ޲ȹӣʽǴѾͷƽʱʽǺܽΪѾѾƽʱȹնһЩҲսˣʱ򣬻һЩ
ȹ˵޻࣬ͱһ㡣
ڳʱŸոպã̫ȡ
Ҳòů͡
ϵͳûѾѾִһЩ·ѾѾĿǰ·ֻͣǴ档
С黨ȹӣ˷ܵȥſԴ
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һůͣҺð㡣
ϰѾѾ·ϵ˴ӣѾѾֱסϵͷһڡ
ЦݾͣȥѾѾԴϲУȥ
أҲ䡣
ڱϿţԼ·ȥϿ㿴·϶ǲ⻹Ǵ紩ʺ˸磬ٸ磬紩¸ĸ磬ĸִ²ŸҵģҶ·ԭʲôɫˡ
˵ÿ⣬Ա߿Ŷ̲סһͬᡣ
ϵһۣкôߣһһ㣬򼸸ôˣܴУ㿴·֮ǰˣ˵ʲôˣ
壺
ޣԼŮ
ȥæӣ͵Ƕᵽ·סˣԼɷ⡣


115 Һʶ

·Щ߻ûպá
ϰ·ѾѾ
ѾѾԴȰ·ûȥһβ˾͸㴩
ѾѾͷõģȥɣҸС
ĶԻûг꣬һߣֵͷԡ
ϻڳ㶹һЩ¹ˣýӵĹ˴ȥ
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Ժ棬ʣѾѾ塣
ԵһڶԣﻹʣЩˮˮģжԵΪԣ붹Եľ룬һˮȵ
תͷȥһϷ߽֮͹š
ҲõȻܳ
ŲӿѾѾ˵ѾѾ㿴ҲСˣǰĸ綼ˣҪȥ˵˵Ҳҵϵİɣ֮ǰ޸ȡˣôˣҲûȥýʡ
ŴĸǶϱۣͷᡣ
ѾѾ𾪵ؿ壬Ȼ򣺡ԭˡ
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˵رֱ׳
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ʳȽ϶࣬Ҫ·ȥãټӣҲҪõ
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ϴ󺩺ЦЦͷѾѾ˵Ļûвͬʱ
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ѾѾԺãǵǰĴ˻ڰ忴ĵһˡ
æ˵үү嶼Ȭ𣿻ûﲻģ
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ϴ϶еƣֲֵ֪࣬ܡ
ϴ϶͸ѾѾе⣬˵ѾѾĵҲǺġ
ѾѾͷ˿϶ЩãҡҡͷǰҴ磬ҵүүһǸͷˡ
εЦЦܿת˻⡣
ѾѾҲʳİɣγ͢͹ʳϴεĺ̫ˣںճ֮ǰǶٰˡ
ۣллˣ
ѾѾʶүүүܹ˵ҪллүĻҲûа취תүһ˫Ĵ۾һֱؿΧˡ
ǵһοôˣڴ￪ʱ򣬿˶Ҫࡣ
ҵƺúܿ࣬һСĿ˸󶴣СȶˣҲмĹϴŵĲ֪ĵģĴ·ܴӶϵˡ
ô˵Уڶǰ棬۵ߣһرۡ
ŽüӢ͸֮ĸߴӵĺõݴʶһ֮ѾѾ˿žȻе졣
ͺʲôʱοһһ


116 ճ

Ǹ˺ܿʧá
ѾѾȥֻϴ̫ˣѾѾһ˵ܣ׳⣬ϴ϶ҪŶʳûȥѾѾ
ѾѾֻϴһȺŶӡ
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˴ʳ⻹ֿճ͢ͻᵽ
ϰյͷ
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ѾѾһһš
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ϵͳǸϵͳǸͳϵͳ
ŮӾӦþͨ黭ŶԣǹŴŮӡ
һֱڴŻãҪԺ뿪ӣǻǵȥչʲôĻױЦġ
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ֻ㲻һԭסĿǰ˻һҽ徭ûʲôգʵǲ뿴Ժ
ѾѾ۾תţϵͳ˵ݡ
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ҪѧʱԳѧѧ䣬ȻЩ𣬵Ҳӽˡ
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ϵͳҽָ㡣

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ռһжʮһˣϰҲסǼңҲģռһİʮ׻ȥ
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ѾѾſ˫ţ϶ҲĲý˰أǴǲǾͿԹһЩˣ
϶ԶӦðɣû˰Ҿ൱ڶһˡ
͢ӾͲʳ˿ȥˣǰ˵ȥ֣СӾͷֲӡ
һ˷һӡ
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һζֵѾһ¡


117 ո

ѾѾ֮ǰ˵ĳֻһ£Ķܹﵽһ
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ڼ仹үӻϴ϶Ƕ˵˼仰
ѾѾæŸɾǱ˭ոÿһЩûע⵽֮顣
һĶصĺѾѾֶ࣬һʱո꣬еĺ˻ռҵԺ档
ѾѾոģ˼ҵ֪ϢΧѾѾ
Ժӵĺѵʱ򣬴Ҷ̲סգ˼۾Լۻˡ
һãȰѼѳ̧ȥ
۵ȺԱվվ
ʮѳƱ̧רųʳĳơ


118 

רųʳĳƶֺܴĳƣһοԳһٽʳ
Ϊ˿õʱ򣬰ʮѳƶ˹
ȽװŪɾһ㡣
ǼҲȥæ
ΪĽӽʵ˼ȥѺϵθɾ
ֻܹΣϴ
һϴˣͲñ棬׾ͻỵ
ռϴĴżֶڰæ
϶壬һ֮۳ɹ̯ݵĿϣһҧһҶ˳ȥȥСں
ܳȥˣϺæûһɨѣ߽ݣһӴ϶ϣԸɻˣûۣ㵹ˣһţҸɴͰȴˣʡöˡ
϶۵һ¿Ĵܣģ֪ˣȥæ
ȥ
϶ڻǱæ
ѾѾһ붹վڱϺţЦ
ϵͳʹ˵ֻСӲӦֻġ
ѾѾ޹ҡҡͷûаֲʶʲôʲôģΪʲôҪҸְ
ϵͳ
ĬĬóԼĻָѾѾһһʵ䡣
˶࣬ѾѾѴʵóҲԸ鷿棬ֵܶġ
ɴȲܳʵ飬˶ֽһɾ룬µһ붹Сĵضóȥߵߣȶ
ѾѾܶΣÿζæ˶þҪ뿪
ûȹѾѾҵĶڿѾѾ˹Ķţһڡ
ŨĶ㣬ĿڸУζ˫һӾˣ˵ֲܷܷôϲԭ⻹ôȤֺóԵĶⶹǲ
ѾѾЦţЩѽģԺҪǻȵĻȥϵİζ¥ȣɩӸζ¥кѾ˺ܶඹƷˡ
ֶ˶٣ѾѾЩ̽
ԭΪֻһͨĴãǴһ㣬û뵽Ѿͷ𾪵ĵطԽԽࡣ
ó˺ܹߣڻ˵ǼҸľ¥ζ¥
ϵ˲֪ζ¥Ķʲôˣȷʵġ
ζ¥ǾҵĲҵ
ǳǸط⣬ĸû˸ǣĴ֮ңҸŷǳĹϵھǵĵλҲӽĴ塣
ǰСѾͷҾȻҶϵ
ڿѾѾʱѾѾҲڿ
ѾѾԴشųų۾ţҪƳһ仨
ѾѾҸһʲôϵѾѾЩԺߣֻж˼εؿѾѾΪʲôҰ
ΪʲôҰǲҸո˵ʲôҪץȥ˰
ѾѾʡ
ʧЦѾѾôԣôץѾѾȥأոֻ룬ѾѾǺÿ
֮ѾѾһҲ֪ʲôǫ飬صҲ˵ҳúÿ˵ġ
ϲ֣ȽȥһԺôһȺѾѾ˵ĻŲһ£վ֮æ뿪
ʲôܺӣԼǫˣҪˮ
˸ôˡ

Ĺװе󣬲˶࣬ʱ֮Ūã֮ǿʼء
ǸռҵĺǸѺŵȥơ
ʦү˰ӹ˱īֽ⣬ʼǼǡ
ʮ˽ʮ߽ʮʮʮ˽ʮŽ
һһĺᵽϣûǵһڱϡ
ѾѾСӹȥʦүߣøϴڱϢĴɰϣͲǿʦү¼
һֱһꡣ
һдϡ
ʦүͿʼỤ̄ܡ
һװһٶһٶݣ̲ŪЩ
ѾѾղžһֱڿݣֺãͰݶ˵һǾǧһٶʮ
ʲôǧѾѾѾˣ
ռҵ˶𾪵ؿѾѾ
ͼʶѾѾĽûʲôɡ
ʶط֮ռ϶¶ϢЦݡ
ȻоǧһĶؾȻֳܹǧԺǶõĻᰤˡ
ˣռ˷ʲôǾѾѾӦֻǺ˵Ķѣû㣬ôܻô֪𰸣Ƕڵʦү̣


119 ˷

Ҳʦүķ򣬵꣬Ȼ󹫲
е࣬˵ӦҪϲһӵʱС
ռҵ졣
ռҶ˵Ų飬ѾѾѾ˵ֵĽ
û뵽źܹĶӽһǶǵһ֣鲻㣬оǧһٶĲԺҪǾḻˣĶ
֮ǰǼˮʱһĶʱŲİٶһĶĲ൱ڶʮĶĲԺÿһĶǾͲõĶˡ
ţüͷ
ȻĲȷʵܸߣҲоǧôġ
֮ǰµʱȷʵҲ˵ֵúÿĶ
Ǵڻɵġ
ռҵôô׾һСѾͷ˵Ծûô
ЩƣֻԼһߣĴ
ſţһЩ飬ССأ
СҲĴһ£ҡҡͷЩʱ򻹸һںġ
룬ڰ֣ˣҲȥպúûɣҲϣȥ֡
ڻôˣսϾССս֮ģСҲܳʲô¡
һӹʦүǱͣ´̵Ķ۶
ǶֵطʦүɫЩ֣񡭡ײ
ɻؿѯʣ𣿿ʲô⣿
ռҵ֮󣬾ǶĽһ㶼һɸĻȥ
õҲؿʦүҪǲĳ⡣
ʦүľȻҡͷŸոѾ˼СֶҼҾƵѾѾ૵˵ǣûСûг⡣
ʦүڳ£ʲôûмûмӣɵþͶ˼ֵǣû⣿
ûûû⡣
ѾѾֶҼҾƵݣʦүȻõࡣ
ƣϷô࣬Ϸ滹ʲô۷н飬д򣬲ˣƹʲôģôͨС
ոƺͱһЩ
ʦү˵ѾˣеĺһǾǧһٶʮѾѾ˵һģһû뵽ѾѾôˡ
ʲôѾѾȻˣ
ûӦĲжྪˣֻע⵽ʦү˵ģѾѾĽһģһؿѾѾķ
ô˵ѾѾģֲļ˶ݲȤԭ֪ѾѾľȷĴ𰸣⾿ôģôô졭
ܾȣֱӰĻ˵ˡ
ɱѾѾųһҵĿƷн飬ҪҲˮͳվ˺ü۵ĳܹ
Ļҧ̵ָ˵ţСõҲ㣬ûСҪűϵݲȻǲסô֡
㣿
ʲô
ʱѳܷܷ͵ѾѾҸѾѾסһʱ䣬ѾѾһѧϰ
ʲôʱѧѾѾһ룬ˡ
ѾѾһӾͰһǴ𰸵Ĵ𰸣ʼȥעĲ⡣
죬ĺջϣõۺʦүæغͼҵĲ඼ھǧϡ
ռҴطҲȥֻиĺܲֳֻǧҲڰ˾ǧϡ
ҹûϢ鷿дӡ
˶һ軹һºõڲ輸ϣкȹԵҹٹɡ
˸߹ȥڲ輸һ£һڲ裬ӣһС
΢΢Ц£ʵ˵Ĳձ鶼ڰ˾ǧϣģ
ƽʱҲ˵һ飬Եͷȷʵˣ඼Ǿǧϣ⻹ΪҶǵһֲ鲻㣬ŻЩϣĻ˵ᳬһ
֪𰸣΢΢һ¡
û뵽Ĳ֮ߣȫũֲܹԨԺҲõļˡ
ţдӸ֪ʥϴ£͢ӡ

ջ񼾽ڹˣռҸ˼ˮﶼŶӡ
ѾѾű͵ĳܷܷ﹡ţôඹӣ̾̾
ѾѾ̾ʲô
ⶹֲܵԣһôֶӣ˷ѡ


120 Ľ

ضչͿʼֶӣȵ·ݵʱͿʼˮ
ܷܷţЦѾѾͷ⺢Ϲ˵ʲôأҵ˵ˣﶼֵģˮ֮Ϳʼֶˣܲˮ֮ˮİڶˣˮ˶Ҫġ
ѾѾƵؿųܷܷܷܷ㣬ܲܲҪŪҵķͣ˵ˣ˵ĵһͺòÿֱӹغ˺òÿģǶϲҵͷҶŪˡ
ܷܷ㶵ջ֣
ѾѾҪȥҽ飬Ϊ˲Ľϱҽȵλˣж׬ֻɿԣһҪǳǳŬ
ܷܷѾѾҵʱ򣬳ҪѾѾһѧϰܷܷ룬ǸѾѾ鷿
ռҵ鷿ԭûʲô飬үԼҪ鶼ȥԼֳģЩֳܷܷҲƲϡ
ڳֳ⣬ѾѾϵͳڶһ飬ũݾƵھѾ˺ӲۡЩҽ飬һǵ䡣
ܷܷ֮ǰԹԼûѧҽ츳Ҳҽ飬ֱӾǱǵ
㷭һҳǳĽͣ˵ôʹá
ܷܷܹȥˣһ߿һ߳ѾѾɿҲûȥѾѾ
ѾѾ꡶Ҫϰʱ򣬳ܷܷڳһָֻѾѾ
ʱʱڴ⿴ۣסӴܹļСӣǳ⼸䣬ǲҪȥѾѾܷܷ顣
յŸѾѾͳܷܷŪ붹Զ˹ȥʱ򣬴ɴԺܽ
СãСãˣˡ
ѾѾòһվײϣҲûоۣŽܳȥĽϵأ

һܺܺţݹȥѾѾ
ѾѾ֮Ͷ㵽鷿ȥţһȥ˳ְ鷿Ÿϣѳܷܷ档
ܷܷӣԺתһᣬԺϡ
϶붹ԹһܷܷһɣС濴ţӦûôˣȳ԰ɣԼӡ
ܷܷò˵һллͿʼǣճԹɿҪǲĻͳԲʲôζˣһǲס֡
ĵؿϷķһ߿һ߼ǣһҲܷܷһס
ܷܷĶԣʴɣôͻģ
ŶҵͻģʶңԱ߿ҾͰŽˣûСá
˵꣬һһ׼ǵĶԡ
ѾѾѾŴŷóſϿ
ѾѾѾˣ˾õĴҿˣֿ֮ǰȥˣֻ˵ҵ廹ûкȫпܻḴڳ֮ǰҶ뿪ǡ
һ֮ҾȥҺεһҷǳãҴóԵĶߣ㲻õǣ˱ֱӽǵλߵˡ
˵ᴦµģʲôֻҪúöˡ
λǣһֵľǣûдһǰļȥסǰļҿɴƯˣ֪ΪʲôһȥסǾһСԺ棬Ǹ֮⣬ȥұˡ

㲻ҪΪҲ֮ܳԽңֿʼˣҰ徭ˣ￼ҵĹεʱȫܶԴֻǣһǻڴӸһӣȻܷûд档
ҵĲˣҾͻȥ档
ԭھк̵ܶģˣҪܶණһҪܶܶӣ㻹

˵ҵֽˣ϶ֺÿܶ࣬һҪҵţҪһдܳܳݣȥ￴˭дֺÿ
ɩĶˣкںǲѾճˣյҵŵʱҼҵ˴Ұɡ
첮ˣ˵˱Ѿȥˣλ˱֮϶ϲġ
֪Ǵӵ˿϶ڵ˰飬˵ˣ꾰ãλ˰ˣϢӦûô촫ȥ

Ľд˺ܶܶ࣬Կݺܶ඼ͬһдģӦöдռ뵽ʲôдʲôһװŷ͵
Ľ˵һЩѾѾҲһ㣬ֿ˵ʱܻˡ
ܿ죬ֱ˰Ϣ嵭
ȥϺ˵ˣϸ϶ȲҪȥš
ѾѾԵɣҪĽдţûչЩ


121 ׻

ѾѾ֮ǰѾĽд˲ٻ
ְڰκߣճɵдȥ
д֮룬ֽϲ
Ҹոոܷܷȥ￴˿ڴҶ˶ӣǶֲܵԣ̫࣬Ҳû̫ôǼҸζ¥ҪĥĶƷһǾôֶӺ˷ѡ
˵ǵĹ֮ôƶΪʳʳˣϰվͳԲϰճԲЩر߹صĽʿҲԲ
Աụַ̂ʱ򣬾Եúܱ
ΪǹҵʳȱĹʳҪ٣ͻᱻǣסطչϰվͲİҵ
ȻճǻʱʳûãҪԺÿ춼ԺĻ˵ˣƨܳģͻééͻû϶岻õġ
ҾӦûбİ취ʳ⡣
ѾѾдʲôϵͳ֪
ѾѾҥ˵˵ģ˺ͻƨͻéһéͻûĻϵͳ޲һ˫ֽϲһ䣺
ⶼԼ˵ģ˵ģûйϵ
ֲкҩôܻéϵû
ֻǸѾѾ˵ܳʳڵֻԺģӪʧ⣬ʻ½ѡ
ѾѾ֪ϵͳƣд֮󣬰еֽŶŷ棬ȥϣװһĺһٶôŰ峵͵ȥ
ҵ˻ţʱô졣
ѾѾô˺ŹһᣬѾѾ˵չūŷӵ˳ɨһ·ӣҪղܻȥգչﻹʲôҪҼӵģʱ͹
ѾѾһ·ЩźܾûЩûĽϣ¸ϲʱ䣬ŴҴææ͹
һ˲͸ˣұʾһĽдֽġ
ȥʱѾѾûֱӻؼңڽ·ӣѾѾôɴȥ
ӽ˴£Ѿ˸ΣܿĺԺӡ
ӵĹæµذŶ
ϴ϶ҲڹϰæҪʱϴݼש飬źһСһ߼Сʯͷľ顣
ɸղҲڰæģֻ;ȥˣϴ󿴵һȥһ֡
ˣѾѾţ磬ܰæʲô
ϴæϵש飬ܳӻ֣СӼҼҵģһˤˣ޶ûˣϽؼȥúÿ顣
·ǼסķӺܽϴѾѾȥҲõʲô
ѾѾűӣεתؼңϵͳԹһһҪôܿ㳤ǰҵСǸҲһɾ͸жûС
ɾ͸ȻǴϵͳѧġ
ϵͳģɨһΧĻ˵ˣҲȥæʲôˣھˡ
ʲô£һһô֪ģ
ѾѾͣ½ŲĴ뿴һһ˵ָʲô
ûһᣬһߵУէ֮º죬ٿۣѾѾһųܹȥ
Ư磬Ư磬ǲˣ
׼ҵѾѾΣӡ󣬺ܿϳ
򿴵ѾѾȥæɲסĳӱƯ¶漴
ѾѾ˵˼仰ѾѾڽĴլӣʵǸǼҵ·𣿿ͦƵġ
ǰǰѻͼֽǽģ֮󣬾Ưιۺòã
ð߰ɣһȥҿ
ȻǣѾѾռȥ͸
յԺ棬ѾѾͳɤӺƯˡ
ѾѾеƯ磬ռҵ˶֪˭
ϣڿǸζ¥кϵģæʹӳܳдס
Ӷȥȥʳȼûжʣ£ҪӣһֱûҶʲôġ
ˣ룬ֻܵһ
Ϊ˽·ӣҪҳٷÿնһЩֺóԣʡǮÿ춼жԡ
ҲǶ˹ͺһڣɰѴӾǴѾѾǡ
ΪǼľƣھǵ˲ٺôЩǸлǵģǧܸҿ
ھǹ÷ǳãϵЦݶ˲١
ռΪֻЩʲôģ¾£û뵽Ȼһƥƥžͼ۸񲻷ƵĲƥһЩϳ˵ĴԼһһ鼮


122 ѾѾҪ

ƯˣǼҴ˺öĲƥĴﱾģƯӣǾˡ
Ư֣Ͷˣ˲ΪʲôҪҪͶ㣬㲻ԸյĻҿ϶úܸˣΪҾͿ԰Ѷʡˡ
еҲǣͶǻգǱֲҪӣﲻգԺͶҾȥˡ
Ҽҵķӿ콨ˣȥ˵ʱһӣǼʱ򣬾ͿҼҹҹˡ
ףѾѾֻ鷿ȥĽдš

ڶ죬ѾѾԺ룬°ͣǰĽӷ
ϴ϶壬ɣɡɣһһشǰʱ򣬶ֵؿһۡ
ȻԺſڣһ˹ʱ򣬾Сѯʣ֪ѾѾСãôˣжԣȻڷ
ǸѾѾߵһϾƽʱѾѾҪȥܶʱǴȥģԴҶôӦ˽ѾѾʲôġ
϶ֱӾͰѴϵһߣ׼̿򡱱ƹŶ֣ҡͷҲ֪
һ磬ռҵ˹ʱ룬֪ѾѾСãû
һֱɶˣѾѾŻعĽӣӣŵŵŵܽϷȥϡ
ڸѾѾ·
֮ǰֻһȹӣû滻һһǳɫ黨ģµɫʺѾѾôС
ѾѾһϣߣ˵뿪ꡣ
벻Сһ̧֣ʵꣿ
ԣҲ뿪꣬Ȼ׬ܶܶӣĽϵ˾֮󶼿˺ܶˣҲ뱻ȥҲҪꡣ
ϿָϵѪѾ˱·ߵͷȷʵܿꡣ
ҲڿĽϣҲ뿪꣬ұҪһ׬ӵʱֻỨӶѣҪҲˣҿ϶׬ñࡣ
ѾѾҡϵֱۣϿԼ
ϱҡûٺú·ͣ΢šüģѾѾ֪ҪЩʲô𣿻УҪʲô𣿡
֪Ѷ˵ˣҪӣҪλҪ˰æҶˣҪ濪ĻǾרſһĵ꣬Ҷˣͽռʳ¥
ԺǼҿ϶ῪܶĵģʱǾռҺ֣һЩ֪꣬Ǽҵĵˡ
ѾѾ˷ܵذԼһϵļƻ˵ˡ
Ͼȵؿû뵽ˣֻеա
ûϾܾѾѾĻҲûͬ⣬ֻ˵Ӧһ¡
ѾѾϾͻָųܷܷȥתһȦȥ˺ɻһһΰҼҾƵϷ
ŮӶϲҼҾƣɻܷܷһ֮󣬾ˣѾѾҪڶΡ
ҼҾƵľ籾ѾѾģΪֻˣεľ籾־ͽŮʱĸŮŮʱĹ顣
ѾѾݵһʱϲѧδУȻŮˡ
ܷܷݵһʱǵˣʱھֻסҡ
һͨһ㣬һӶͨͨģǱҪһЩ

ҹҶ磬Ѿص棬׼硣
ϰүѵ£źϴԼڴڲ࣬ѾѾ˵Ļү˵һ飬ʲô뷨
ѾѾ˵ҪꣿǿһЩרĵꣿ
үתͷؿϡ
ϵͷ
үӳ죬ʵﻹжӣ
´ȥ﷭˷һЩɵľӣӲӼ˸Կ׳򿪣ľƸүӣԼ
үӰѺƱӶóͭû
ͭĿҲ٣ЩҪǵĹǮģܶ
һ֮ү꣺һʣ°˰ӣ˽ӸҪҾߣӣʣµá
ϵĻλúһģһλһ²ʮӡ
һҪһ꣬ҪٶӣʣµװޣҲֻǣλⲻñˣʱ⣬һˣ˼ҲԸ⣬Ҫҵطһж¿ʼ
Ҹǲ̫ȥλλôҲѾѾǸѾͷٵȻɣߵȵζ¥ķֺҲ͹ˡ
ү˵ô࣬ͬѾѾļƻģûصһۣӾҪ˯


123 ʼѧ

ѾѾҪѧϵͳ˻ְָϵͳڶһһؼ
õ飬ѾѾԺȻ
һ书ؼΪţΪšͬ·ɣǴͳɣѧϰݡѵֶҲ·νɲͬմͳΪĿĵһͳɡ
ĶԵصǣʱʹȡ·͵ġ֡ʹ˱¸Ե
ʱԵ˹ʱıʹյ͡ضֱ͡͡͵͵ġ֡зÿһͽʹʱҪӦضĹ򡪡̹ϣʹҪλܿ˴ͬʱʹصġƷʹ˲뱻֮ԵֱʧȥΪֹ
ѾѾڻŽ׶ΣҪΪŵѧãҪա⼼ܻԼڸʹõġϡ֮ϰС֡֡֡͡ǹšײӡЩŷ
˵С֧Żܻ˶л档
֧Żָ֧һлĻһںĸ
Ŵͳ书ǡڹϥ֧šֱ֧Ųϥͦñֱ΢ϥֱ֮ͬߡ΢ϥ½еһϥȲҲϥͦߵġ
еһ
ѾѾԺѧϰľϥ֧ţһһָϰȷġվ׮ƽ⡱̡ƲֶΣڿ
ǸտʼѧϰĶǺܱ׼ҪָǣһҪǣһҪ衰սȥУֻǱĶֻж׼Ժڹ·ߵøԶδҪǻʱ书Ҳǰ¼ʵĻ
һһǸʦרҵǲɵġ
ѾѾһЩѧϰ鼮֮ϵͳͻγһ׵Ĺѧϰͼ񣬶ϵͳĹһ
Ķԣ˫ϥӦϲľ˫ϥͬʱͦһһͦʱľ˫ϲġšǰһ㣬ȫڴϣҪֱ
ռҵ½½ѹ
ϴ϶ڷæú𴲺еۣ۾ûôŹȥϴ
û˯ñãʮܳѾѾߵʱͣ½ŲؿСãڸʲô
ѾѾϥһ۴ɣؿڣϰ书ҳΪ֮Ҿܱˡ
书
ɴѾѾƽʱĹ˵书ǺĺģԷݵأܹ֮С
˫۾ؿѾѾСãܹһѧ𣿡
ѾѾͷ԰ҿԽ㣬ѽң֪Ҫôġ
أСãҲһѧ
ڷѾѾ˵СĶ̽һͷɣɣɣҲҪһϰ
ռҵԺ棬ܿʣ¼Ӻٺٹ
æļӣϿ˼䣺Ǽ⼸ڿ죬֪˶ϵĴ˵˶˶ĺôɴˣԺҲ
𣿡
ԺٺٹģϻӳôǼҪȥˣһ⻰Ҳһ˶˶źá

ʱˣѾѾһʱҽܳȥ
ʱ䱻һһŵúܼϵʱͿʼҽ飬극ʧʱ򣬾Ϳȫͼſҽ飬ʱ
֮ǰҪȥѧõʱҪæµ
ѾѾʼһıһһһı
ƭȥѧã˵иʱ棬иʱ䱻ȥѧϰ
æµ˴죬ѾѾЩƣԴôˣû˯𣿡
ǣѾѾʣƯ磬ôҼˣҪҴɩķ𣿡
ף
ҡҡͷǣֺģƷѾڿʼڰζ¥ˣ֮ǰԼɵķֳɣϸһǿŶƷӯǧɵķֳɵĻһǧǸƱ
ͬǩѾѾ֣ѾѾʲô˼ȴ֪ġ
ƱѾѾ
ѾѾҲû룬ȥϣɩƯƱˡ
ѾѾԴתƱϡ
߽˵ȫеİζ¥˶ƷͳȽϷʱ䣬Ժķֳɣǰ֮ǰԼõģһȽһΡ
ֻǸ⡣
׸ջصϣ˵ѾѾ飬֪Ǽҿûˣ˸ƱҲͶ࣬»ỳɡ


124 ҵŮ

ϰƱҲǴȫѾѾ
ǱߣǣҲǻŵġ
һѾѾңǮģȻҪԷ
Է֮ǰôɴڴﵽ䣬ҲûȥĵطȥѾѾҵ·ߣڰæ
˵·ˮʱѯ;
ѾѾϵͳǿڼ￴ҽ飬껹Ҫ
ϵͳûиѾѾǣûǸѾѾͨ黭룬ѾѾϽѧĶѧ꣬Ϳڳʱѧ黭ұ顣
ѾѾѧѾѼе˶һ顣
ЩƣɩΪʲôأˣҾͿ԰ѳͬˣҪﻳˣҾ֪ϲˡ
ѾѾڳ̨ǰ棬źһʧؿϺǡ
˻ϣʮһϣ
ܺӣһ١
һ͵ĻˣñЦ
ѧǱߵѧʱ䵽ˣɰһѷܣǺ滹һСࡣ
ѾѾѾѾСүˡ
ԬʵԺﴫѾѾƨɣվ߳ȥ˫ֲôǴˣǲûȥϿΣ
Ԭνذ˰֣ʲôΣҼڷˣҪȥϿΣǼҿܾͻɢˡ
ʲô£дְҼҾƾ籾ѾѾһӾһЩѰϢ
ԬʿռԺӵˣ˵ȴȥ鷿Ҿ͸˵
Ŷǽȥ鷿ɡ
ѾѾôΪԬڶʲôҳԲŲ˵ġ
Ǹ˵ĺúӣԬʽ鷿ţִ򿪴ɣ˵͵ˣҾﲻǷԡ
ƽʱԺῴԬʣԬе㽻顣
нʹԬʵ飬аԵļֵȥ
ⲻ֪СþȻһʶǵĴ㣬Ƶݷźá
Ŀãһ˵ζƮСֻ˲Ԭʵ׵ԺȥҸԵҪԵġ
鷿棬ѾѾ£Ԭʿڣ˵ɡ
ԬǵһѾѾ鷿űҵ鷿ҪСܶķ䣬üͷһűƨɶҪСС£˵һҵŮˡ
ʲôȻˣ
ѾѾһӴվ
ǸһһѧģһθĽϺԬһİҼҾƵУԬҲǴεİҼҾƵе֪ԼŮˣǺܲõ飬͵ǱԼӸӡ
Ϊ֮󣬾͵һʱȥ˵ˣֻ˵ҪܣԼҲûȥ飬Ԭʲ뵽ҪѾѾ
취ҲҵļұǸ꾫ŪüˣҪǸ꾫ָҵ˸ӣҵͲҺˡ
ԬԲϣᶼҪð
ѾѾˣֻмƽ״鷿߶Ű취͵ػعͷԬʣ֤𣿿ĿǸŮһ𣿡
ҵûС
ԬץԴҡͷҵ챧ҵʱŵһɺζζϵζһҾ;ӦǱ˵ζϴθҼҾƵʱ˵ġ
˵Ľбζ϶˺꾫ҵбζ϶Ҳ˺꾫
ѾѾɷµصͷûбζ϶˺꾫ˣǻû֤ݣҲûĿãԩ
ԬżѾѾҪô죿Ҫô֤ݣ
ѾѾ֣Ԭǰȥһͷһ̧ͷȻ˼Щʲô⣬һᣬ˫һ
ߵԬǰ˫ץסԬʵļƶ˵ǿԸһܷܡ
ϵͳ
һָĦ˹ѾѾҪߵļӸС
ԬʸѾѾԼϼ棬һȥ£˳ѾѾҲ˶Ÿ׵һϡ
԰͵Ԭҡ
ѾѾطȥĽдţ
Ԭʵĵ˱ŮˣԬʽüع˵£ҾĺܿҪģ׾ͻˣ˵ˣ޺ˣԺ˵ġ
Ҫǵﶼ˳ףͻɵ׼ͥĺӣ˳ЦҪǵﶼ˳ˣͻһǺﶼǻˣ۸ģҲ֪Ժô
ѧ书˵ҪҪԬʸһѧأĺͲ۸ˡ


125 ߵ϶

ѧ书֮Ժһܹ㡭
ѾѾĽϵֶ˺ֽܶ
ϿѾѾŷȥңү˵˵Ƿûа
ӦˣӸãһ֮ͨ󣬾һβ֪ʲôʱˡ
ү̾˿
̫Ҫɽˣ浽һƬףԶϼϦȾ˽ɫүӿ˻죬ֿһϸոƱ
ѾѾȥĿյռҵ˺ϡ
ϴ϶ڹɹ˺ü죬ƤֺʹϣСϣϣϷֱԸɷĨͻǵĲʡ
ϴЩᣬ̲סŤ£Цܲˣܲˡ
͵ı컹ǲģڼλ綼ɹ˵ʱһ¶ûУſϣĸ˵㿴ĸǲǿϹˣⶼĨôˡ
ϰһۣϹ˵ʲôѾѾ˵ģɹ֮ƤȽϸɬƤĨͣƤãʲôôµ˵
ү϶ŵһһ£͵͵͹ź򡣡
үôӣôӣôຢ֮ԶûиģҲûʲôТΪΪÿնôһǡ
ʥ˵ʡ˵ÿ춼ҪʡΣԼһЩ⣬ԼöԲԡ
ϴ϶嵽ɶɡǶʥˣҲûʥ˵ľ򣬲֪ԼʡֵֵүүľͻһЩǳֶΰǷʡʡ
屻үӴ͵ͷ˵ˡ
үùָżӣһ©˵ǼҲǣɻ͵ֵģ
ϵĹӺݺݵϴһ¡
ӡ
үӣٴο˵ǶҪ˵һѾѾҪ飬ѾѾҪϿһʳ꣬רľ¥ȻҲĲˣʱǼҵķҲŪˣҪȥѧ⣬˶Ҫȥæһ٣֪𣿡
ѾѾҪꣿ
϶ƿСϵ̧֣ͷѾѾҪϿ𣿡
ȻΪҪĿ
үûص϶
ôӣ϶ûĵģϾ죬ȥ϶ĲôӣҪĹŮ
϶ǲүӵģ˵ô£ֵүӵηҪһЩȻ֮ǰҲȥ϶Ĳˡ
ĦȭƵ˵̫ˣȥϿˣȵ꿪֮ҾƹɣҾ߶ʶ࣬϶ĿԷġ
үӳ϶ϴһ£˵ƹȥС
Ŷ϶ίش˴֣ԽػģƹˣȻҪ
үӽ˵壬ĽҲˣ˴Ӧζ¥ģʣµľͲҪˣѾѾҪʳ¥϶ٲ˽Ľ鲻࣬ȽѾѾĵá
ϴŴɶȥĵأţˣĵʱһЩǾͶ࿪飬ԽԽã֮Ķֽ飬ĶҰ⣬һĶЩҰУʣµľͿѾѾûбҪġ
Ȼ˵ѾѾģѾѾСʲô¶ѾѾԼܽģԼˣ˵ģңʶС
϶죬մܲϵһЩ⹫ӣȥλһǧӣкʵλӵģ٣
ϴϱʱҲȥӣһ¥ҲеģӵӵҲãʱҸѾѾ˵˵ӵԼġ
ѾѾСүӸռҵ˶ãͲ̫ѾѾܹľͶԼ˾С
ǵ֮װ޵⻹ѾѾԼ
ͳ·ͼֽǾͲѾѾ

ѾѾʱռ˶ظķȥˡ
ѾѾȥϸϴ衣
ų棬ϺѾѾ˵
ϹϷķţóѾѾ֮ǰͷ棬ŵϣҪӵӲʱͷҲȥˣⶫһӡ
ˣõģϵλʹˣ۸һǧӵģһЩҲ̫ģʱʵڲȥֲͷ档
ͬĶԻҲ֡
ѾѾҪ꣬ռֵ֧ģ˵Ҫ׬ӵĺ£ҪӵģռҵҲ⣬ֻҪѾѾ˾С


126 ̽ѾѾ

գһռ϶ͳȥϡ
ѾѾҲһȥǰѾѾ͵ԬҾ档
ԬһĴլӣԺ䣬ÿԺ䶼᷿·ȵȵȡ
ӴŽȥ֮һԺӣԺǽܴ䴹¥泭ȡ
һţ˶ŻԺӣԺ·Σɽʯ׺ۼ
Ժ滹һţٽȥһԺӣԺ主ûʣӺݻ󣬻԰أ͸磬ԺǾޱ࣬һˮء
ѾѾ۾գһ£̾˵ţԬʣǼҷӺƯĽϼҵķӻҪƯ
ҵլΪôæԽñȽ㣬ֻڴլӶҪúܶ࣬լȣеġ
ֿ̾꣬׳һ߿ԬʣԴǲвǼҵķôÿ㶼סôǴȥ
ԬѾѾߣȥȥвֻûڴסȥʶһ¶ѣҵҪȥˣǸϽȥһ´Ҫô
Ŷˣô˵
ԬƣѾѾԼ˳ȥ
˾ͶԬҴլС顣
Ѹ˵ˣǾͶУԿǼſʲô˽ȥʱǾͻ֪ˡ
Уվһ㣬Ȼҵͻῴˡ
Ŷվȥһ㣬Ҷûطվˡ
վȥǸҵֲǸ϶վǰģ´θʱվǰ档
Ԭʺܴ󷽵˵š
ѾѾ˵úеǾߵԬʺȥվš
һҪúÿţԶˣʱǾ͸ˡ
֪ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣҵĶܺã˵ġ
ðɡ
ѾѾסͣǽڣվñֱֱģﻹЩͽš
֨~һѾѾԬʶ˾
ԬʽԬҵĴţԬү߳ҵˡ
ã߳ȥ֮ǾͳߣұߣҪһ㣬־룬Ͳᱻˡ
ѾѾ֮ǰ͸һһ˺ܶҪערһԬ˵
ԬʳݵؿһѾѾعͷ֮Ѿ߳ȥ׾룬æ˵׷ȥܵӵұߣǽš
ѾѾܵߣҲǽš
Ԭңһʮ׳ӣֵĴ֣ģߵ̫죬͸ţһߵ̡
ѾѾԬСȸһ㶼
ڽһһ˳ԣһһǺ«ԣ⽵С̯ӣԬʻȥһ룬ѾѾק뿪
ǲϣԺҸ˰ʱ⽣Ͳܵȸ֮ٹֲ̯ܡ
ѾѾ˫ֻأɸһԬ˵̡
ԬʲصѾѾһۣȥ׷
ѾѾعͷȥһ̯ӣͷ૵ȻҪ⽡
ֵĴִ֣һСӣѾѾԬϸһǺ«˶Ҫһ˸һ߷ɢĿ꣬Ǹzһ粢һ顣
ƷӵʱѾѾŲһ£Ԭ˵ҾʱͦóԵģ˵ĵ̫ˣûйҲû⸬ʲôġ
ѽ̻ҹ⸬֮ҾͿһҵӣרЩģһѼĶ˵ǵѼɺˣкܶ˿Ѽꡣ
ʲôʱ򿪵ˣ꿪֮󣬿ҳԶϲ⣬ϲԹӣ⸬С
Уȵ꿪ˣ㵱һˡ
ȫ̵ϵͳ̲סһ䣺ԬүѾԶˡ

ѾѾһӦԬʿȥ
Сֶ̣̫죬ˤӣҺԬһѡ
µţ˽Ų
ǰҲٶȣѾѾԬʱһꡱƣԬҲ꣬ǽ˵ˡ
ע⵽ԭ׷һ
ӣԬʼǸӲͬԬʼڵӣ϶ĸӵǽᷭ£ӿԶǸûʵĴլӡ
լӵԺǽ֦΢紵ᴵĿֲ㡣
ӣ߶ǰ߲ǽڣһͺܾûз£лԼйɸӵĳζˮζʲôˣéɢĶζ


127 ԭ

ѾѾס˱ͣ˵ôֵط
ԬʺŵӦҵ϶ǾһѣȻ϶ͻ뿪ġ
ܿ죬Ԭʾͱ
Ԭҵͣһưܵլǰ档
ǹƶ𣿡
ѾѾš
һһ˵ЩǮˣϲȥһЩ˼Ȼһ㶫ӻʳУΪͽƶ
ԬүΪҲƶ
ԬˣԼǱԼҪʵʵЩƲ˵
֮ǰ˵ʲôԼϼռҴ壬ҪȥҲΪڴ棬ҪȥҴùϵѣھȻһôƶĵط
طȻϣҲΪϣסˣпܾ˶硣
ôиأȷʵʲôûеġ
ƺϺܳƶߡ
ԬС˸˵ĻѾѾ˵ϵƶߣҵǹƶģתˡ
ĺ꾫ǲס߰ɣôȥ֮ôܻζǽܾͰ׸һˡ
ѾѾ¼Щʧſץڴأ˵ˣץڴɴ̼ˣһܺ棬ǲ֪ڴЩʲôᱻץء
ԬҡͷҲ֪´ȥץڴ
ѾѾͷԬʣҪҪȥ
ԬҵѾǻ˼ǰͣ˺ܾãعȥţһ·ӦǴúܺõŮ˿ţȻԬүʹŮ˾ͽȥóŹϡ
Ͼͼ
ջҪҪȥѾѾԬɵۡ
ѾѾͬؿԬʣҪкˣﶼˣͲԶˡ
Ԭɫһһ󣬺Ȼŭسȥȭͷʹţſţ꾫š
Ժ棬Ԭүϳ˵Ųһ٣ɫ䡣
ߵĸʵôˣʶŵˣ
ԬүӦæ˵ҪţҶӣ֪
üͷѯʣӣĶӣ
˵ʱûע⵽һʮСſڷſ͵
Сҧ촽ü֮ǲزסĺ⡣
ԬүԸ˵С뿪ȥš
Сſ͵С
棬Ԭʹƽľţţ쿪ţҿȥˡ
СȻڳܵŴ˨֨һš
Ԭʳ˽
ԬүάűŸ˵ƣɫɷףһʱ֮ûӦ
Ԭʳȥһƿ˸ˣ۾ͨصԬүʵĺ꾫ǲǻΪ룬ȻұŰ
ԬүűԼ׶ӷԼźӣôͣӵĻһᣬЩЦã˵ɵӣ˵ʲôô룬㱻۸飬޻̸֮ˡ
ôһӣôñ۸㡣
ԬүҪԬʣԬ̬ȺܳƿָѾѾ˵ѾѾ˵ˣΪ죬˳֮󣬾ͻԭӺ룬ǺˣҪȢµӣҲ޸ˣҾкˡ
ﶼǻˣǶ۸ңȵµ˺֮Ҳ׵ɺԺҲˡ
˵ѾѾصͷûг֮󣬾ҪˣһˣǵĺӾԬʾҪ۸ˡ
ԬүȥＸΣȻ֪ѾѾռҵų衣
ѾѾĻһͷߣ˵ʲô
ʲôУʲô죬ʲôһͺ룬ֲûӣ˵ϱˣʮϱʲô
ԬүҪԬʽͣСסԬү˵ûҵҪˣҵģֻһ˵ĵԬҵһжҵģǺ֮Ҫ뿪Ԭңٸˡ
ѾѾʱ;ÿŵСЩ죬˵ٿȥʱĿˡ
ȵ˵С㣬ԭ㣬ôϵ·úÿ
ѾѾǵõһοСʱһֱվͷ̯ǰ棬˵ʱ·׺˲õģû뵽һ²ʹø˼ҵС̫̫һ
СҲϳѾѾһЩΣǿͦţҼңôϵ·ҵҵģԺһкܶܶ·
ԬʵĵԼûûе裿ΪʲôҪǹ˵ĵ


128 н

ѾѾһ¶ؿС
СסԬүսҧأݺݵصѾѾ˵ҵĵû˵ĵҵġ
ۡ
ԬʱһϵеıŵڵϷޡ
ۡУʼҲҪˡ
Ԭү
ȥԬʣüͷʾƣ֪ôһֻаСһʷ⡣
ƵѧЩ߰Ĵ
õѾѾ˵лᴫȾģңҲˣҵĺӻġ
ԬԬүĻŤӣܲԼ
֪𰸵ԬүһѾѾ
ѾѾĪʼ
ԬʴСǽһ˼ֶնյģܴԭүӻŤ˼ȦԬүסˤֻȰ
СֱסԬүصԬʣҵŲУûʼʶҵģڸ֮ǰ͸һ𣬻ңǻˣҵĵ
ѾѾ۾Բģ𺳵ؿԬʣϵͳһһԭԬʲ˵Ļ𣿡
ϵͳ
ЩεظѾѾͣϣԬ޹ģǸСʲôҲûѡ񣬲˵˱˵ĵֻ˵ںܱϲ˶ѡ
ʲôϲܣ
ѾѾǲʵĺúӡ
ϵͳ룬ͣϲܵ˼ƽ޹ʵضһ㣬Լεص˱˵ܵܵ˼
Ǻ»ǻ£
ҾöڵԬ˵Ǹ°ɣҪǻĻƽ޹ʶ˸㣬ܻˡ
ţҪҵܸ㣬Ļܸ˵ģһֱҪ㡣
ѾѾЩĽԬˣ˵ãнˡ
Ԭһ£޵øӵҲҪ㣬ҲҪ㡭
ԬҵѾѾ֪ôģΪܿԬүͻȥˡ
ԬүǶѾѾ޵ģƫƫֲܶôöԬô߰Ĵ
ˣռҵʱһҪռҵļ˵ԺٽѾѾ˵һЩֵֹĻ

ѾѾһؼҾܽ鷿ȥĽдš
ĽϼҵѾˣд´θĽϴȥ
ԬʵĵڻǳˣȻǮױ仵Ԭʺÿڲųģû֮ǰͳˣиҪĽ㡣
Ҳ֪ǼҵôˣҪĺˣ˵˭һأҾÿܻǸһȽϺðɣϾӦûۺӡ
ǼңҾ͸ϲһ飬һ飬Ҫôľͷһ˵ҪôǻҹΣҲֻס
ѵѾˣǸһ

ϵͳѾѾдݣʼв֪ڼη˼ȻѾѾ̫СӦô˵Щйµ
ϴ϶ȵʱŵңǴһϢ
϶һѾѾͰ߽ݣ˵ѾѾϾӵһԼʳ¥ˡ
ѾѾϲתͷ϶ļ򣺡ĿԿˣ
š
ϴ϶һŵȥϡ
үӻѧûлȸ˵ˡ
⹫ӴӵĶҵһλλþ͸ٶףΪýһƬطΰҲܺúܸɾؼ˶࣬ǽֵһ֣⹫ӰǸӵǰҽۣ˴ӦһǧӾǡ
һӣûаζ¥ĵǸζ¥࣬Ҳ£ǰŷ¹ģ֮ǰ˵ǿľ¥ģֻǶҵĶӿȡ˹ҪȥΣһҾ͸Źȥȥ֮ǰͰӸˡ
Ǿ¥֮ǰ˵ͲҪ￪¥һЩԴ֮ǰϿͻܾͻҹ
϶ĻѾѾ϶磬ʲôʱȥ￴ҿѸǻװͼֽ
ɣˣѧ壬һȥ
ӣ϶˷ܣ˶˲١
ѾѾֽ˺ܶӵʱ顣
ϴԱߺصͷ

ûȵڶȥϿӣԬʾСѾѾſڡ
㱻ϳ𣿡
ѾѾһ߰Ԭʴһߺѯʣ˳㻹ѵһ䣺˵ģôԵģҪһЩǲŻϲǣ㿴ҾΪܹɣҼ˿ϲˡ


129 ԬС

ŲǣǵˣǸ꾫ؼˣøһܣȻֲ˵ˣȥǸ꾫ǰ¡
벻ɵ£ûȥǸ꾫ˣǸ꾫ŮԼң۸ң˵ҽ㣬ҰҵԺø˰ԺĶӳˡ
ҵıˡ
Ԭʱߵس϶˸Ķԣһ뻹ҪԵڶ롣
Աۿʪȥ˵Ԭʵ飬룬ϰķʰһ£ʱԬʸסһ顣
ѾѾСȭͷ˵Ǹ㣬϶ǲӣû̺á
Ԭʲش󺰣ҵҡ
ѾѾԬʵԴͷţˣԣҵ˵ˣӵĸĸڻӣӲͲ£֪Т˳ҵÿ춼Ҷ硣
Ǻ̫ˣҲǲ¡
ѾѾźҡͷ
ԬغǱ
ԬʲԸؼңѾѾס¡
ѾѾԬƽʱ鿴ˣе㱿Ԭʶ࿴飬鷿һѧϰǸһ鶼УԬʾҪŴɳȥ档
Ҳûȥĵطȥ·Ǳ߰æɻ
Ԭʻûæɹʲô·שòֺġ
ռƻѾѾǼһһ㵽ȥ
ϾֻȥϿ̣ʱҲʲôûҪ̫ȥ
үӳԹ緹֮󣬾ʹżһﺢӹȥ·Ǳ߸ɻˣѾѾԺ书͸ܷܷص鷿ȥ顣
ѾѾҽ飬ܷܷĳǵ䡣
ܷܷ㣬ﻳҿȥѸϲ𣿡
ѾѾֿϲȻѯʳܷܷ
ʵΪ˳ܷܷ˺ܶѾˣ˺ܶˡ
ܷܷ֪ѾѾʲôûԴ˵⺢Ϲ˵ʲôôܺö˶˵ؾ͵ˡ
Ŷ
ѾѾЩʧ
һ۳ܷܷڿĳ˵òȻ֪˼òʵնֶñ塣塤䡶ի־졤ɡ
ԬһǸòȻˣԭͦõģû뵽ȻҲǸС
ի־죬˵ˣҲиУ´εѸ˵ˣҾ͸㡣
ʵܷܷղſĶǵòȻǵ·Ŀѡ
ѾѾĻعͷȥһ۵òȻֻһԬӣȻԭòȻġ
ſţҪȥ
ܷܷѾѾһʱԺȻ
ѾѾüͷվ׼ȥš
ǶȥɽժҰ˵ˣֻѾѾܷܷڼҡ
ѾѾûߵſڣ𣻡ֱӰײײҵǮҵеǮ
ûһᣬкüǰȻ󡰺䡱ײ
ѾѾСһЩ
ܷܷ˳ѾѾᱻײѾѾ
ѾѾšüģվڳܷܷߡ
ռҵźƣϴˮϴ֮󣬸ӵƣ漸׳һײţ¶֧Ųסžͱײ
Ŵ򿪵ţŲĵص˽
վ֮˵ԣѾѾվС
ԭԬʵĽˡ
ҼҸʲô
ѾѾŭصСֿײš
С쿴ʱ򴩵ûҪˣϴһɫĳȹͷɸܷܷһǸ˼ҵС㡣
˫ֱأָʹ߸ϵؿѾѾҵܻܵȥģϽȻҰļҶˡ
ѾѾ۾Ҫðˣϵͳ˵һһҺܲϲԬʵĽ㣬Ǹˡ
ϵͳҲܲϲ͸ѾѾ飺ϵͳ̳Զһ룬ȥһһӵ
֮ľףϵͳҲ벻Ľ취ѾѾ书ûãҲѾѾ˴һ٣һŻǿԵġ
ϵͳ̳ϷزĴ룬ӦûЧ
ѾѾСũ峤󣬻ץȥιʲôߣϵͳ̳һҶһĲһֻһֻ
һֿԶһһֻ
ѾѾּװͣץһҲû˵С˹ȥ
СѾѾвԬʸû뵽һͻطɵϡ
µǷһڵϴϵشԼ

ѾѾشЦ

СŪɾȴŵòٴѾѾңĶӣߵſڵʱ򣬻عͷݺݵصѾѾ
⻰˾͸Ͻҩ֣ȻԴģд̫ģٶޣоǽˣϣǶֹ֧ƱҹǧҪĲҪĹ


130 

С뿪ѾѾңûٻѾѾҲֱ֪ӻϣȥˡ
ԬʻʱѾѾ˵С顣
Ԭ˫һߡһ˵϶ǵ۸ҵģҲˡ
ԣɻɻˣҼңҵ
Ϊ˰οԬʣѾѾһһ˼٣û鷿飬ԺԬѧ
˵ˣֻҪѧúģûܹ۸ˣҲúģͲõĻᱻ۸
š
ԬʳϣԼܿú˭Ҳ۸ӡ
Ȼ֣ܿѾѾǸȺҪµĴڡ
ϣۣѾѾҪˣۡ
Уն׼ҵ˵ˣúôһ£ͼǲס˵ĻҶ˵ˣվģÿ˵㶼ǲס
ˣˣվˣΪʲôҪҡ
Ҹ㲻ҪվˣûҪ򡣡
ѾѾȥүƽʱӵĹӹԬǰ档
Ԭҧ촽ѾѾһһµسš
ѾѾִһ󣺡ʲôޣкӣкӲޣŮӵȨ
Ԭرᣬ
һҪдŸĽϣĽѾѾǸøҼҾƵʱø

Թ緹֮ѾѾүӳȥϿ̡
ԬҲҪȥ
ѾѾûа취ֻš
û뵽һϣԬʾˣ̵ֶַܵò죬ү׷ȥ
׷ȥԬңԬʽԬңͷȥѾѾ˵ˡ
϶һѾѾƶ˵϶ΪոһֱڴʲôﶼҪ£ܻؼȥˣʱڣˡ
ѾѾ죬˵ţԬʾǸСǸ棬ҲҪ档
ϴ϶µĵ̣ϵĶУϵĸ˾ۼأþߡ
ʦүةլҲһϵĸΪܹǴùϵܶ඼ϲѷǸǸլӡ
ͬǱʲô˶Уиӹׯ˼ңߵ˶޳УŶǴ˵ģһһĻ˵ߵߡ
ԸøȥһǾúóԵʳ
һһ˵Ǹλã￪Ļʳ¥϶ġ
ѾѾãͳһɿݸϴ϶ǽҵôõط
ѾѾǽһ֮ûһҵλá
ǰһС¥Сһһٶƽװϲ㣬ľͷϵܹǸûжõģӦþǽµ顣
ʲôģҲȫ
һ¥ģƹӵĹ̨滹һŲżܣżϻһЩƿǰڼ֮ĶǰƹҲûߡ
һһ˵ЩǲֵǮĶѾѾûٿ
ȥ¥һۣ¥ǰ䣬һʮ䣬ʮС䣬ֻܷһӣֻͬʱʮˣǴ䣬Էӡ
Ĵ߻һ齣Ա˷ֱ֮Ϣ
ǰ¥⣬иԺӣǣԹĿ˷Ƿ
Ժ߻гȣϷ˾ӣһȦЩڻʲôĻһһ˵÷ȵʱŻῪ
ʱӦûܺÿ
߹ԺӣһԺӣĶǰסĵط
ԺҲסߡ
ѾѾһȦԺİ裬ҾʲôĶһӦȫֱӾס
ȥ˳
¥ĳ϶ҪǼҵĳģĳҲܴ󣬹ǳʮƽףʮͷͬʱܶˣкܶӣӷһЩӣ˵֮Ķ̨ССĵƿӣ֮ǰĶµġ
ͬʱܶˡ
ѾѾȥһ̨ǰĵζϡ
һƿɫķĩʱõǼ⴦ţƿζݺݵش˺ü硣
ⶫж
ѾѾɫӵƿӡ
϶ŵܹӹƿӣҲһ£ζøҲ߰˸硣
ѾѾ˵ߣϴȥ򡣡
ϵͳ
Ǻ˵ģǻǸѾѾʲôжĶۣ۾ζģһֵζϣϲˣ˵ʱθڻúúܶࡣ
ۣó𣿡
ѾѾ϶ܹȥǸƿӣһ۳ͷ˲ͷ۾۵ؽС


131 ˰

ռ˼ɹ֮ŪԵɣүûص˵ѾѾıӣԺ󻹸Ҳô³ç
ѾѾͷֻһۣͷͱúġ
ռҵֺЦۡ
ѾѾ˵̣൱ϵͳ˵̡
ϵͳ˵Ҫܻͼ
ѾѾ͸ү˵һȥ˵ˣӦܻͼˣʱǾװޣװͿֱӿˣ꿪֮ǾͰᵽסòã
ÿ춼ȥԱǺ«ˡ
үӵ˵ıӣУʱ򣬾㼸УֱӰᵽסҪȥѧý飬㼸ֶӻҪѧĵҲû˹ܣ֪˵ᵽˣ·ӽ˭ס
үӾѾѾʲôãǺܶʱ뵽ʲôʲô
ܲԾԡ
Ҳô򵥵飬װ޺֮󣬻кܶҪæЩ¾ͽ㼸ȥУҪˣȥһǸѣܲܰæ뼸˳ʱŪ˵С
үţҪʳ¥ѾѾ⣬Ҳû˵뷨ѾѾĶ࣬˵黹ֻѾѾˡ
ѾѾͷʾԼһò˵ġ
ſ˫֣ϴȥ
صӣֺܶ˶ڴ죬峤
ѾѾţܵ峤ߣſ˫֣ô峤ѯʣ峤磬ôô밡ǲʲô£
峤ͷʾˣ˰ˣҾ˶ѡ
ѾѾͷŶ֪˰ˣĽϸ˵ģ˵ǽʳûճɣԾǱ˺ܾòžġ
λȻλʾ˵ϰҲиģҪǻһǸλϣӶ֪ôˡ
˵˲ٺһú˰Ҳǽ˰ģ⵹Ǻˣ겻ý˰ôЩǿԳŹȥˡ
ǰͷˣ˰úõػţǻͷġ
ѾѾŴǵĻһصͷԶԶԣ˰úûţǻͷģһҪúûţʱǴһΪȫԣĴӣҶܴõģԺõģסõģ˶Ľǡ
ѾѾĻǶֺǺǵЦˣ峤ѾѾԴ㻹Ǹ׷ĺӰǴ峤ģϣĸ˵һǴӻΪȫԣĴӣҶܴãԺãסãôҶĽǡ
ѾѾţЦе˵İɣڣ϶Եġ

ǱѾѾùЦ
ԭΪ˰ˣڸǱЦöͣ
ѾѾͦ⡣
϶ööˣԲѵҲ֪ѧģεغ˺ѾѾҪؼȥʡ˵˵ţ˵ҪŴ죬ҪЦˡ
ѾѾƲͷȥ϶û˵껰ŲҪȥء
ˣ㲻ߣҾ͸Ȼȥˣôɹ㡣
ܰѾѾߣӶסͣԼߣʲôû

ѾѾ·Ǳ߸ɻĴ񶼸ˣѾѾԺһϣϵͳһһΪʲôλÿ궼մҵ˰İĻҲÿ궼ܿ𣿡
ϵͳѾϰѾѾʱʱһЩеɵ⣬ĵػش֮ǰˮֵʱֵʳģõάΰϰ飬ǵٺģ
ѾѾֱ׳˵ǳ͢İλ˸İɣǶǾ͸ļһļ˳Բˣ϶Ҫְæİ
ǼҶĲʱ򣬵ҲӰˣȥӰծģλҲҪЩİ
ѾѾ߼ܺãûκε⣬ϵͳλӴģҪǲ˰Ļȥóôһأ
Ŷ˵֮˰ΪԺڴѵʱó𣿻оǿȥԱǷٺ𣿾͸ҸǼҹнһ
û
ǽ겻˰ôӣǳǻ᲻ûٺȻͳԲˣ
ѾѾŪ˽˰Ҫ֮˲俪ʼ
һһûʲô취԰λ׬ЩӣȻһûӣʲôѣûܹˡ
ϵͳ
ֻҪѾѾ˰壬û뵽ѾѾôͿʼǹʶ
һʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôɴĬ

˵Ըȥꣿ


132 ˲

һҡ
ϱŵһ˵Ըȥꣿ
һصͷ
Ϊʲô
һһۣΪʲô϶ǾҴп츳
ϱԼĴȣ˷ܵ˵ţô˵ҼҹŮɱռҵĹŮǿˣ̫ˣȥ
ϱתطΪÿһ·һı֮ǰû·
Ȼ˴·Ҳȴ˴·öˡ
ϱ֮һӣѧϿЩ޵Ůӣһ˦һ˦سŴȥ
ܿ죬һҪϿڴﴫ˳
һѾѾ֮ǰָѾѾֳ֮ô顣
˵һʱ򣬾ٲ˻ᳶѾѾȻȽһ
滨ѾѾĹϵãڴЩܵѾѾȥѾѾ˵
ûһڿɵˣҶڿأкֺܶһһȥĵ򹤣ǻ˵ƽʱ˿ģؼʱǱȲһ
һܹȥϿˣ㻹ʲôûС
ѾѾ¶ؿһȥϿ𣿲˭ȥȥ𣿡
ǵǸ˵ҪȥϿ꣬ȥӶˣûʲôѶȰ
滨ѾѾ˸ۣô˭ȥܿҪǴҶȥϿˡ
Ǹ˵ģֻкǮܴ˲ſȥϿģǼģͲУǼҾֻʺһӵأ˵ȥϿꡣ
˵ȥϴ򹤶ѡ
Ҫ˭ȥϿˣ˿϶Ǳȴ峤Ҫģû뵽һͻôСͱȴ峤Ҫˡ
ҪΪһСǸŮӣҾôҿܻ峤ġ
ѾѾھ͸滨Ժӵżϣ˲̫˸ƣ˫һüͷ˵Ҳ뻻峤Ҿô峤ھúܺõģҲȥĴ峤
峤϶᲻˵ġ
滨ȥջҲѾѾһְѾѾһۣû˵㵱峤˵һأûϿ꣬ô㵱峤
ѾѾ˵ܿҲҪϿģ˵ģ껹Ҫ׼ܶ飬֪Щʲôʱ׼ãһ滨ʲôʱ򿪵꣬˵滨ܾͲˡ
ԥһᣬûǲ˵ˣеܵһԡšš
滨˵ú𾢣֮ǰΪҸһһģҲϲҸһȽϣ˵һôôôôģӦòҸһȽˡ
֪ҿ϶ǲϿģĽһ˵ǼϿ˵֮һ᲻ֱסأ
סϵӿ϶ˬɣÿһžͿԹ伯УȥǺ«ԣ˵ϻкܶܶóԵĶһ϶ûȥ˵ȥÿȥʱ򶼲ҡ
ѾѾԼ֮ǰҲûȥϣ֪ȥжѹС滨ıû£ԺȥϣԺóԵġ
滨˲ӣЦؿѾѾûϿ꣬ôȥϡ
ѾѾ룬˵ȥϵʱͽ㡣
һһҪúÿ飬úѧϰģѾѾȻܲȥϣ͸˿ڡ
滨ѾѾ˵˺ܶ࣬վĿӣѾѾҸ˵ô࣬Ҫúţ⼸ͲҪȥˣһôϲ㣬ڵˣ϶ᵽǰҫģɲҪҵ۸ˡ
Ҳ˵ˣһҪȥݻؼιء
˵ţһ䣺֣ԽԽˣҲ֪˭ôôʲô
滨˵ȥſڵı¨뿪ѾѾվԭűӡ
һһǲǸ滨˵һݾǳǰݣҩİ
֮ǰɽﳤĳǰݶռҸɹõȥˣѾѾҽ飬ѧҩĶˣƲǰݣǸ˵ǰݿȥҩ¡
ѾѾ¶ģ´ο滨һҪ滨˵ԸǰȥԣҲҪ滨˵һҪ˵ôҶҩȥҾܶ׬ӣԶཻ˰ǳǾͲûٺˡ

һң˸ˡ
һ˦һƱһ
Щӿ꣬˰æˡ
˵ʹһ뿪
ѾѾ˵йȥһҵ飬µشżֶԺ书
һһ˵ԽԽ׼ˣٹһʱͿģѾѾԽ𾢡
˾ͻ鷿Ļдš


133 磬һ

ĽϣҲһԼˣҲ뵱峤
滨˵ˣҪ˭һӣ˭ܵ峤Ҿô峤統峤ͦõģôСҺµ˴峤֮ҾͲܺú˯ˡ
һϻû˯ѣ˭ҾͳңҲ˯ô죿
˯߲ͻ᳤ߣ䱿ҾͲܳΪ˯ˡ
Ѹ˵˯ǻƯģͿԳΪ˯ˡ
ҲҪŬΪ˯ˡ
ˣ֪˰飬Ҳ˵ˣΪʲô֮ǰҪ˰ˣΪҲ˰Ļͻûӡ
ûӣԺٳ飬λòæˡ
ôϰҪæ϶Ҫܶӣλȥӿ϶Ҳǽ費ġ
Ҹ˵ˣҪ취룬ȴȥڲҩ֮ͻӣȻͿԶཻ˰ˡ
ԬҲ˵ˣҪдţҸ˵ҪúðãҾͲŴ㣬Ҳ֪ûлȥú֡
Ǹ˵ӣ±۸úøһ书

ѾѾѽддֽ꣬źãŵһװĽ֮ǰŵС

ѾѾҵķѾ߰˰ˣѾѾڼ￴ʱ˵ģ·Ҫʼװˮܣ˶ԡͰ׿Ӷ˹
ѾѾһһ˵Щôõģװ֮ô͸ܷܷǣֹȥ֡
·üţհѶ˹½½뿪
մ̧һˮܽȥˮ֮ǰ͹˵ģûװǰˮ̧ȥŵĿ棬ְһˮܽӲһ顣
ӵˮܶװ꣬ͿʼѾѾͼֽϻšˮͷķţķûִЩȽֻҪһԲȥͿͨˮ
·ӵˮʹӺˮͨ˹
ΪˮܿһЩռҶˮȫģרȥ˴̸ʾô
һԶ˺ܶ࣬˲ӡ
ˮͷķһһᣬϾˮˮ嵽ϣĴǡ
ˮˣǼԺ󶼲ȥˮˣ̫ˡ
ѾѾһ˷ܵơ
˿Ҳ𾪲ѡ
û뵽ȻˮͨſƣԺˮ̫ˡ
ѾѾˮ
Ǽˮôģܸ˵һ²ˣҲȥʡÿһȥˮΪ˿ٴͰˮؼΣҼˮ̫ˡ
԰ˮô㣬ôģҿӾԲģҲ֮࣬󣬽ȥҿһôװ𣿡
мѾˮܵ⡣
ƽʱȥˮãʱ򣬸ʱ򣬻ȥˮֱһּ尾͵ʱ򣬴ҶҪ͵š
ǿˮͷȫ˶Χȥ
װˮͷֿʼװ׿ӸԡͰѾѾ͹ȥǰװ
׿ѾѾôģ͸ڵĶ׿Ӳ࣬ʱմɼͺܺãȱٵֻǴѡ
ռ϶ͼֽȥ˶ƶ׿ӵʱ򣬿ͼֽմɽͼֽ֣϶ͼֽ͸Բ϶ӣѸ϶еĶ׿ӡ
ѾѾ϶˵ûãҪѾѾ
ѾѾûʵҲûʲô뷨
ڿʵˣѾѾΧװõĶ׿ӣһһεĳˮܣȥ϶ЩϹһˮʲôζûС
װ׿ӵĴսҵӣе𾪡
ⶫ̫ˣһζûУԺ˭׾һ㣬ҲᱻѬܲˡ
ŴĻѾѾԼԺһéȥ߶ױ߿飬Ա߻Էŵġ
ѾѾ뷨ϵͳֿʼҪϵͳ̳ңûʲô鼮ԽСѲҪôؿζ
ԡͰǸƽʱԡͰֻ࣬˸գŪС棬ѾѾûôιԡͰ
϶ȥվӺ棬ģϾҶȥˡ
϶ɻؿѾѾѾѾذʲô
磬ѾѾͷһһո˵Ļ϶֮ǰ㲻˵մɵǸҪǵͼֽȥһĶ׿ҸոտˣҾ׿Ӻзչǰ
ĿԼٲٳζéɾ˺ܶ࣬é뷨Ҫ׿ƹȥ϶ܶģҾԸ˺
ͼֽҲУҪֳɣֻͼֽ˶׿⣬һͰǿɶģĶˣȥӷɡ


134 ңȥҵ

ѾѾһͷ϶Ͼ뵽֮Ӧô
϶ԴֱѾѾ곤ܶѾѾû뵽ĶѾ뵽
˷ܵ뵽մ˵£ֻǰүӵѹ֮£ȵжװò뿪
ûؼҿˡ
ѾѾ·һᣬϵͳȥ飬ֻĲ鲻Ըߡ
·ռҽѾѾûͣԼͻȥˡ
·ϣһʹ׳·ߵʱ˵Ļ
һֶŮɱС׳壬ȻǸɽﺺӣҾ߶Ҳʶ˲ٴүǣ˵ҿֵܣҪȥҵﵱƹ񣬱֤ӵġ
һֶŮСʱҲƨɺȥʲôóԵĶǵһʱ㣬Ҽӿɶûݣк£ɲܾô尡
׳һ˵˺ܶ࣬һͷذ˰֣˵ˣʱ̿ãһῴûʺģȻȥɡ
֣ھˡ
׳ֵƨƨߵ뿪
һѾѾѾѾ߹΢΢˫ֱ˵ûڴΪȥҵæɶǼֺҡ
֪һֱȥҹҰɣңҸˣҾҵæÿ»ܸһӡ
ѾѾֵؿһСóԼĺɰصӣٵһǰ¶˵һҲаһкܶһӣѵûΪʲôҪȥ㰡
ѾѾӣСһ鶼һӦҡ
һѾѾô׵ؾó˰ӳҧأǾǿ˵ţǰ𣿰ӵЩʳ㲼ƥ֮ģΪܸʲô°
ҾͲһˣϿһӣҿԵϿӣʱͿӣȻ㲻Ұ磬ǾˣϣԺҲҡ
һҡڵȥ
ѾѾֹϴθɩͻ˺üˣû뵽ԭһӾܿӣǲǿԿܶˣ
һߵÿ죬ûѾѾ˵Ļ
ܿףѼﺺҲŪȥһʱҲǸֺá
ҪһԷһ߰ضܾˣڴתһȦ
д񾭹ʱ򣬻Ųȱǰ˵

ǣӣѾյ
˳֮󣬾鷿ӡ
һСѾͷȻֳ˺ܴﵽĶǧ棬˵޶ȥʲôˡ
ѾͷҽߣȻһӵ˶κˣĴȾߣһ
Ͽųֶӣ𾪵ôվ
ǸŮӣȥؿʤȥһҪһ΢Ѳ顣
֮ǰʳȥصλȥһأϤټĿǰΪֹǻεˣõѡ
ʤ̫ȥ֮󣬻ϰѳӷŵһߣվһȦ
ʮ꣬һֱ˲ΥһȥЩڱﶼЩʲôЩˡ

ϵͳʳ¥װͼֽѾŪãһִŴϵķ
ſڴƵһ׵ɺһ״翴ǺʵĶǿͼѾѾ;Լ϶ȥߡ
߹ɺ״ɽͽڡ
ҲһЩɺһĶʯĸˮƷһֽ˺һĸо
ڻɫֲӸ֮һÿҰҰݸ
ӸӶرƵġ
ϵͳѾѾ˵ʳ¥Ƴ㣬˹ҪĲʽΪ˷ʳãмһ¿Է̿裬ֱʳ
ӵɫƳǳɫɺɫӦ
ҲǳɫľͷģӵĽŪ˳ֵ״Ӻܴһſĸˡ
һһȥǸǸӶ𣿡
ѾѾϲؿͼֽϵͼһһıעһ뵽һһôӣȥһһ翴
ϵͳӦţɣǻкܶװ޷ÿӣֻΪޣҲʵЩˣʤں棬ûĵ꣬ʱʱӦûᱻסġ
ȵүӻʱѾѾͼֽȥүӿٲ˸ҽһ
ϴܲ˵˵һҪϿ


135 

רſһ
üͷô˶˺ĲָߣǼרſһͷ𣿡
˵꣬ռҵҲ뵽顣
ȻʵΪĲܸߣĿǰܶﶼˣע˺ļ۸񲻻̫ߣطΧںļ۸ǲ̫ߵġ
ȻҪ뿪ػôǾͲ֪ˡ
ӳֲռʱػĵطļ۸񶼻½ܻӶ硣
һҿǱȻҪʧܵġ
϶ӻ֣أǰھǼȥǰӶܹˣʡһ쵽ڴȥΪԼ˲һҽ컹ϱ˵ҪܰѾѾȥѵһ٣ȥæ
²вɣǼӶ쿪ˣԼ黹æ˭ҪȥҰæ
ʲôȻŽѵѾѾУҵùȥһ١
ߣӾš
ɶɸ棺С壬Ҳȥ
Ȼ񣬿漰Сõ飬һ㶼
үӣ֣
Ŷ
үӣ˻
ö˶˵ȥѵǳʲôͳҪѵû˵ʱĵ˷־ˡ
ү˵ɫЩΣȥǡ
ؿүӣΪ˵ȥѵϱأû뵽ԭڽǸôȥѵźá
Ȼһ漰Сõ£Ϳûʲôԭġ

ҹѾѾڴϣ뵽ɩ˵һҪӵ飬ϵͳһһĲ׬𣿿ҾúͦóԵġ
ϵͳܿͻóǲ٣ǸҲкܶ˿ӵģרſһȥĻҲ󿴺á
˵úܶԣĿǰ˵ֺ˲٣ָߣע˺ļ۸񲻿̫ߡ
ҼȻӣҪȥԶ˵ļ۸ֻԽԽˣҪӾӪãпܾͻѪ޹顣
ѾѾȻԭԺòƽҾúȴ׷óԣȴȴҪˣ϶޵ġ
ϵͳ᲻֪
ҪѾѾ˵⻰ŻЦ޵ġ
ϵͳָѾѾͣ׬ӣǺҲܳɺܶ಻ͬʽȥ磬ɣҲۣſŪ¯ӣרС
ѾѾԹ֪ܺóԣǸɵģѾѾǺܸȤ
ԺۺܸȤ
ѾѾôۣôɩҳ
У֮㻹ڴŪר۵ģҪ뷨Ҳʵһˡ
ϵͳ˳ĵظѾѾһ顣
ѾѾϲ˯ȫޣ۶ڴԿôɩۣڴ￪ôҶúǮǮȻԸҽ˰
ڶѾѾԺٺٹ书ܽϵֱҡΣɩۺòã˵ۿɺóˣ֮Ǽһڴרſҹæˡ
ɻͣ˶ۣɷҪô
ѾѾͷܰܺóԵģѾ̹ˣҾͽ̴ɩ
Уȴɩȹȥ緹ȡ
ռҽӵĹǰ緹緹ġ
ü緹Ҫȥæҵ緹
ԭ֮ǰѾѾҵԺ緹緹֮󣬷Ժвˣ⣬м죬Ūʱ䳤ˣͻܳ
үѾѾҪڼҿ飬Ӱϴ϶·ʱ˼ͷͰתƵǱȥ
ϰѾѾ緹ʢ־ͳȥ
ѾѾ緹ܷܷһ鷿濴顣
˵ǿ飬ʵֻװװӶѣΪѾѾѾܶҽ飬ϵͳӦÿһʵʲʹϵͳ̳һһЩƵ̳̳
ѾѾųܷܷţǰ̯һҽ飬ʵڿǰƵ
ѧƵֱͶӳǰֻѾѾԿ˶Ҳ
ѾѾǵһοƵƵ洩״ӵҽһֱϵͳ⡣
ΪʲôҪô׵·ǺŪҪҴô׵·Ūˣɩ϶ģΪɩ˵·ɫ̫ǳͲϴˣ˵ԺϣǧɫĲϡ
ǵͷôộ˵ˣһҪúðϧԼͷͷ˵ĵڶͷộûˡ


136 ָ

ô˴·ộûһһӣҪôӾǣ
ϵͳýֱͣһ䣺죬úÿƵ
ѾѾŶһʼƵ
ò˵ƵıȿҪһЩȻѾѾ֣Ҳú͸ƵԱݣûа취ġ
˵һɫ쳣ʱϻкܶݴȥݣɫ԰ףɫ࣬ɫ֮ġ
ȴ׼ȷ˵Ĳ԰ף࣬
Ƶȴһ
Ƶҽ˺ܶ಻ͬĲ˹ٴ飬ѾѾؿÿʲô
ҽʱϵͳѾѾѾо·ڸ˿һ

ƵѾѾЩδ뵽ϵͳ֮ǰĹ£ϵͳһһ֮ǰҽĹƵ뿴ƵƵ϶ȹº
ϵͳ￩һ¡
ˣˣִСһϾҪڵӵӰƵˡ
Ϊ˶žһһһӦûУôܻƵ
˵ͬʱĵذϵͳ̳ĸֵӾ磬Ʒɾ
Ҫ˵֮Ȼֵϵͳ̳ʲôȱ㣬ϵͳþЩƬӾ磬Ȼܹ̳϶һõⲻҪ
һԵƬӾ統Уͥʦ͵ıķǷˡ
ѾѾʧʼ
ɩԺ˵ƵҲˣֱܳȥ
ܷܷǵ俴òˣѾѾȥҲųȥ
Ϸź˶巿ʮͿʼۡ
˵ˣһ衣
ֱϴˡɹ򽬺©˿ȴɹ
棬ѾѾҲ˵档
ǵһϴ飬ѡõĺһϴҪȥͷԼĸ롣
ϸʯĥĥɽҺڴ򽬵ʱʱʱļˮĥԽԽá
֮ñȷֶһһ屶ˮԼһ׵ϡ;һʱ
žǹˣһûĥģˮ
õΪ˴ԽҺйˣΡ
һνҺϡһЩڶζŨһЩ
Űѹ˺õĽҺ죬֮һҺ
ټԭˮ֮һн裬ٹˣã԰..
ɹҺȫ״̬ʱϲҺ²ȡɷţǿҵĵطɹ
ˮһʱٽгɷݣɹ
ɹ󣬵õľǵۣﻹҪۼˮٷУɽ
ͬʱ׼ڹ©˿©׿Ҫȳ˿©״һЩ
õĽ߼ˮ߽裬עȣץȻҲ۶ϣͿԽ©˿ˡ
©׿𽥱ϸΪ˿
˿ȫٸʱ򣬾ͿԷˮнȴ
ֽ˿ãȫȴͿȥɹ
˿ȫɹ֮󣬾ͿԽ׼õİװװô档
ѺҪüʱ䣬Ͻֻǰ裬ֻܵȴɹ
ѾѾҲֻܵš
ȴʱ򣬵˹ңѾѾ˸Сӹһɹ̫
һɹҲͬʱһڿ
һһܵϣ͵͵ˣѾѾε̾̾
ܷܷ˸СӣѾѾߣͷ̫̫ɹֻһֽɡʱ׸ʰڰġ
ɡѾѾͷѾѾѾѾǸأôôûʲôʱʱôණģ
ܷܷ⼸켸ѾѾӰ룬ûѾѾǸѳ֣ѾѾÿƺ֪һЩµĶеˡ
ǡ·͹ѾѾش𣺡ѾѾǸѰд͵ˣǼҵ˶ǻ书ģӦǳǲעʱú书ǽǼҸѾѾ˵ġ
ѾѾʶѣһҵĸ
ռҵ֮ǰкѾѾôѹͨģǰǻãѾѾȥһɽٻǾ;Ӧɽϵȥġ
ѾѾҲôɽˣȴڼʲô书
ǾͻȻѾѾǸѿ϶Ǹ书֣϶˵ˣ书ǿ˶û
Ǿ;ѾѾѿ϶Ҳ
ڰһҺܶæˣǲûκһ˿Ļɡ
ܷܷϵĽͣĽؿѾѾѽѾѾ̫ˣ´ʱܲҲҶûָء
ѾѾʵеµģһһʲôʱֵָģҲͲ塭
⻰ûд壬ʱ֮ǰһʮҸϰ˵£ϻ


137 Ԭʰ

书֣СүҪȥæˡ
ԬʺȻӰŵԺ
ڵЩ׵ģѾѾͳֵܷܷؿ
ѾѾѯʣˤ𣿡
ԬҡͷǣұģǸո˵ʲô书֣ģҪȥˡ
Ԭ˸СӹѾѾԱߡ
ѾѾ𾪣˭㣿Ҫ˸ҴңҵҵĸǻҵֶǶ϶ȥҽѵǵģǴﶼû˸۸ңҪҪҰҵǽ㣬Ƕġ
ԬʹͣƲͷҪҵûе
ϿԬʱ׵ؽͽȥ󼦵׼̣ת߳ѾѾԬ죬룬Ҳ߹
ԬʵԴôˣǲʲôίˣ
ۡ
ôعһ£ԬûסǸǵСһ
ѾѾҵԺӣɲǼʣԬʵĿ
ҵҵˣֻۺĺӣĺ˴ңܣ˵ԼˤģֻۡǺ꾫ŮĻҵĻˡ
ԬʵĿѾѾǶۿ
ѾѾ۾˵ɩԬʺÿԺǼסòã
ûѾѾǹԬʰѻ˵һЩ
ĺôΪʲôҪ˵ˤġ
Ϊ֮ǰԬүҲＸΣϼһΣоԬүӦûͦԬʵģԵ޹ʵľͲԬʣñ˰ӡ
Ԭʶ϶سҭһᣬòֹסˣ˵˵ǸҵĽ㣬ҲϲҾĹȥѵû뵽֡Ͱסҿ
ΪҲñ˷ҪȥѵҾֻԼһԺʱȥġ
Ԭ˵ԻǲģһҲǸֻаС
Ԭү֮ǰһֱԬҵļ̳ѵ˵µԶͬСҪá
˵һ룬һ£ڣԺ浱ʱֻҸˣұ֣ҾҪĻ϶ҵĶֵģû뵽ҵĻ󣬰Ұڵϴˣӡ
ίָԼ
ѾѾԵظ̾
ԬʴŭҵĽ㡣
ŶǸŮ˺
ѾѾĿڸĵúܿ졣
ѾѾǸŮԬʻе㲻ˣܿס˵ʱнŲ͸Ͻվ·Ȼݵſϣ󺰣ܵܣܵûˤɣôˣ˵
˵С˵ϱʱԬüͷǺܸ˵ӣ˵ұ֣ŮҪʲôûһͿҵԺ棬Ҷûҵ˵˾Ϳ޵һѱһظҵ˵˵Ժ棬СĴΧǽˤˡ
ߵսСȭͷ
ôҵͣ˵ģҵţҲҪˣ˵ҳô֣ôݣôܴңԺûбˣ϶ˤġ
Ҿܵˡ
ѾѾԬ˵һĹ£ǵһʶһ̾ؿԬʣ㽲º㻹ܼסô飬˵ô
εص˵ѾѾıӣˣڲ˵ʱ򡣡
˵ţǣԬʵ֣ųȥӹɣụ̈ܿͲʹˡ
šԬʹɵӦţ߽
ڵһȱػҪõֲСһ
Ҳ֪Ԭʳ⣬˵ֻܶһЩԷһ
ڲȱʵƷ
ԬڳȻᣬȥһʵִָָĽָ࣬ǱȽָҪһЩϺȥϸϴ
ָÿԷŵ档
ũһЩ˵˵ȥ磬һ󼦵˹ϹΣͻѷߣ˾ͻˡ
࣬ӹҲࡣ
ԬʻǵһģСĶ͸ľů˹ˣ˵ӣԺ͵ɡ
ϣ
վſŵѾѾüˣ͵ɩԺ͵ԬʵװɣͲõԼккˡ
ҪǰԼĵ
ﰵţûܺӵĻ
ԬѾǸĺӣϲ㿴塣
ѾѾȥԬʼ**ϻЩ࣬æ¡


138 ȥ

Ԭϵ඼ü֮˲٣ֿ˺ܳʱ䣬ֱӾķ˯˹ȥ
Ԭҵ˲֪ô£Ҳûй
˯֮ѾѾҳһϻס¡
үӺϴ˵£ѾѾŰܷܷмֶԺϰд֡
ѾѾһüֶд֣һ߻ͷȥĴ˵ǲע⣬ߵԬ߸Ԭ˵ҸһϺòãҴȥ㱨ѧ书ˣһ򲻵ҵġ
ϵͳѾѾ书ģôûз
ѵǻͣŽ׶Σ
ԬµشѾѾһۣ˵ͷðɣʱһҪøͷһ
ϵͳԬʵԴЩ棬ҪԴ泤ЩʲôȻѾѾĻ书ܽѵ㣿
ϵͳѾѾ˵ڵĹܸսⲫҲûа취ȥɽϿһӻȻžͲͿžͲȥԸˡ
žͲʲô
ѾѾ׷һһԬʻڸ˵ˡ
ϵͳžͲͼƬѾѾ˵һָСֵӣȻȡʮҳӣԴһҪȡһڡ
״ضϣӷֳһһ̵أȻһӣõϸСһͷͱڣҪ׽ٰĲϸСЩ׵ͱһؽϳܣϸھĩ˲һ״õϡ
žͲˣľ͸ͼֽϵһģһ
֮ȥժһЩҰӣ͸ͲһСҰӾУǴӵҰкܶ࣬ҰܿڴһΪڣϸ꽫ֽڵĩˣٷһͬСĹӽȥͬİ취ڣͲڵ履ͺ͵ĽǰһƳ
׼Ԭʽķ򣬹ӻᱻڵȥǾͿԶش
ʵʱõʣʱСһ㣬ᱻֻ֣ǵɱžͲѾѾԬֻֻǺܶµĺӣһӶԬʵĽ䣬пܻص˺
Ϊ˷϶žͲϵͳѾѾӡһźڰ׵ͼƬ
ѾѾͼƬȥݣĵ·
϶Ҳûʲô£ѾѾ͸ų
ռҵԺһֱӵģ϶ѾѾĻͿʼžͲ
ѾѾԬʻ˵ûǰԬ˵žͲôԬʺΧ϶ڶ֣ѯʣѾѾⶫʲôã
С񡣡
ѾѾȻŻѣԼҲѣΪѵԬʵĽ֮ĻСġ
ԬϲСڴصһߡ
ѾѾȥ·ӣˣȥժӵ

ѾѾ϶žͲһԼţһԬʣһ׼Ľϡ
ԬȥժҰӻԺ˺ܾõžͲϰ׼ͷֱ̫ȫɽŻȥ
ѾѾûֱ˯ȥ鷿
컹ûиĽдţϵͻҪĽдЩʲôˣϾÿ춼Ҫܶ飬кܶ໰Ľ˵Ϊ˱©ĻһҪдС
Ԭˣñ׵ģѸ˵ˣӺĻ֪ʲôĻ
Ѹ˵ˣĻָȥȡԼӦõõķ˼
һ˵һʱڲģʱڣԼȥջõģԼģԼΧڵòĶͨõƭȣĻ
ԬʵĽΪ˶ԬүԼİƭ
˵ԺڽѵĹУӦĻ֮Զһ㣬һ飬Զ֪ʲôʱͻᱻʬȫ
ˣҲҪСĵطǡ
"ҾʹԬʻȥ㱨ԬǵѣҲؿ۸ˣѾͽһžͲ
ʱǾžͲԶȥԸ㡣
ڻСܽȥҳһ㣬ҾͿֱӶȥԴˡ
ˣǼҽ컹˺ۣ˵ˣۿۣҲ󼦿飬ɺóԿɺóˣˣҾ͹ȥ㡭
ѽշݵպãѾѾԼֻžͲؽ롣
գڼ书Թ緹ѾѾҪԬʻؼΪɸȥϡ


139 粻

ռ϶ǻȥ
Լ磬ѾѾЩ˼ɣҲǸӣѾѾҲĶ᲻ǳ
ѾѾ͸Ԭ˴Ҫ顣
ȥԺ棬ȻǾſԺǽϣ򡭡
϶ԾؼװʲôûţǲҲҪ취ŽԬңǱ¶ʱȥá
ԬҵŷԬʻ߸˵ؿţҲ϶һĵԬҡ
үү˶ˣ֪϶ġ
ŷ˵ţԬˢˢøС
ԬƵؿһۣѾѾ˾ȻԺӣȻٺúôСǱߵ
һ·ϣѾѾԬʣļôȥ
ԬĹĵ˵֪ȥңŲἱء
ʱԬȥѾѾҾǼ͹ȥģҲ˵Ԭҵ˺Ԭġ
ԬҲǵһҳܵѾѾȥˣԬүѾϰΪ
ԬʾΪøӵˣ·ʱ˼µء
ѾѾԬʽԼסԺ档
ԬʵԺӱѾѾھסļһҪԺﻹмɽСϪн㣬ѾѾ֮ͶСϪ߿㡣
СϪˮҺܸɾ峺ףֻԬҵˣûռҵЩѾѾܿ˿ͿʼЬӣ˿ȣСϪϵʯͷһֻ쵽Ϫˮ档
͵ضһ£ȵӦϪˮ¶ְ֮һֻȥֻŶӦϪˮ¶ȣֻƺϲһ飬һɫιȥ
ε̫죬ѾѾûץסֵáЦ
Ԭʻطﻻ·ѾѾСϪץ㣬˵Ьӣӣˡһˮˮʱ˻ѾѾϣѾѾĹĵһˮ˹ȥ
ˮң
Ԭɫ䡣
ѾѾֱ׳ػȰҵ·Ūʪġ
ֲǹģҲܣҪ𡣡
ԬһˮѾѾ˹ȥ
һʼֻҪץСӣСϪ˻ˮˮ̡
ץˣ·Ūʪյģ˴طﻻ·
ѾѾûд·ԬҲûСﴩ·Ԭʵ֮󣬾ֱ·ѾѾϡ
ֻǣͶѾѾ·ѾѾɿģһС͵˴·ĸо
ѾѾҲ⣬Ԭʵ·ֵ鷿˶ĵģԬԼţ´λҪˮ
ƽʱڴһӱߣҴ磬磬ǶҪ棬´۸ʱٺңٹѵ

꣬꣬ԬʾʹѾѾȥ
ѾѾС֣վͳžͲ˵ţаɣͽˡ
СڸԬСÿʱԼԺ棬֪Щʲô
ѾѾԬԬʵС˵İæǽͷСţѾѾһԬСȵԬСɻ߹֮ͬʱžͲ䡭
ԬС£ŭĴѰҴĶ
ѾѾԬԴǽͷ£ԬСĽŲԶˣͷһֱԬСֿʼ䡭
ԬСֱӱߡ
ѾѾԬʾͲˣɴðͷԬСԺ棬Ͻ¡
ʱ֮ѾѾԬʱԬү˺ԬСԺ档
ǣǲ֪ʲôҵӡ
žͲȻûеĴ󣬿ǼܲסԬСӵ࣬ϡ
Ԭ̲סͷЦóó󣡡
Цˣʣ˵˵ոǲöˣ
ԬҡͷûУҶûԺӣҸոոѾѾԼԺˮأŵĻ㿴ҸѾѾˮ·ŪʪˣǶ·ѾѾҵ·
ѾѾҲͷԣǶˮûǶȽСҲôܴӣǱ۷䶣ģҿԺкö۷䣬Ūôۣ۷Ϊһ仨ɣͶˡ
һһ˵ˣҪʱǿѵģѾѾǱҪʱ
ԬүԬСʱ򣬾ŵЩǺ˵ζѾѾĻšü˿ܣв۷䣬˵´Щֱۣ۷䶣ˡ
֮⣬ѾѾԬʵĻѾѾԬ໥˸Үơ

ȥʱֻѾѾԼԬҵϣԬͣŵţѾѾüͷ粻ˣ


140 绳

ѾѾſɻʱԬҵ˳
չչȵȣˡ
ʲô
ˣ
ѾѾżԬܡ
ҶǲǼ͵ˣ
ѾѾ뵽֮ǰȥ϶Ĳ£;϶ʲô£һ˵ˣʶ;϶Ԭ͵ˡ
ϾղſǿˣԬööء
ˣ
ȷΪʲôԼǹ͵ģͲĺõģ
ԬԴСĸŮס֮ͲǺϲڸ߶֪϶Ԭң߳ԺӣѾѾɻôû߰ǼֲóԲˣòỹǼҳ극ٻȥɣ
żȥҵʱ򣬾;ѾѾĽǲ䷹ʱѾѾͺȻ뵽ѾѾҲ䷹ġ
ѾѾҡͷǣ˵Ҷˣҽ
ŶҸһȥ
ԬʸѾѾһߡ
ĽϵԺӺ棬ҲԺСϪαϣ϶ʪ͸ڵϡ
ѾѾԬҵ˾͸˵ˮﱻˣڻӦûʲô¡
Ҳϲˮ𣿡
ѾѾˣΪСӲϲˮأû뵽ȻҲϲˮ
Ԭˣ
СӹȻСӣעصǲһ
Ԭʸû뵽ôϲˮˣȻ浽ˮˣСϪˮôǳݳǱˡ
˵Ҷ籿
ѾѾĽϣֻҲſ˵㲻˵
һ˲Ԭҵ˻룬ѾѾǸã֪άԼĶ磬ñ˵籿һ˲ŷԼˡ
ֻǲñ˵ԼҪ˵ġ
չ·ʪ͸ˣ·øϽУ㿴һ˵·ô
ѾѾ
ѾѾ룬ȷʵӦȻһ׸ɵ·͵ͷ鷳ˡ
ȥ·

϶ˣ϶ǲܼţģԬֻ˼ţǻȥ
ԭԬ˻Ҫ϶ȥҽݿģϾѾѾĶ磬Ǽү죬Ǿÿֺһ
ѾѾ˵˲ȥ򣬾Ͱ϶͵棬ֱ˻شˡ
ֻڼң˱϶ŵһӾˣѾѾ緢ʲôˣôǺŻģ
ѾѾͰѶԬҷ˵˳
һʱ֮Щ֪˵ʲô
϶ܵ˼ȥˮ˻
˵ȥ֮ܰ˸Ц
ԬҵˣѾѾûʲô£ƹûҪȥҴ
ˣҾѧҽģҾܸƲ
ѾѾٺٺٵЦţӣ׼ܽ϶Ʋȥ
ѧҽʱ̣ϵȥģƲ׼ֻܵȵؼơ
Ϻ϶ǰŰɵظѾѾȥ
ǽѾѾѾģظ϶ˡ
ӦָԲ̡ѾѾһ߰һڱһ
ϺһۣﶼţĪѾͷĻῴˣ
֮ǰѾѾȻκߣѾѾ˵ˣߵҩѸģǾûѾѾҽô߳룬;ЩǸѵĹ͡
ڿѾѾȻʶԼѾͷѾͷʱ俴ҽ飬ѧ˵ġ
ѾѾָһᣬȻ˫˵תͷ˵ϲˣҪˣϲˡ
ʲʲô
϶ϲˣ
ŵ˼һԵϣסûԼε
ѾѾѾѾ㡭ϲˣ
԰Ұѳϲˣ϶ΪϲˣŻСϪεСϪģ⼸£ǾͲҪöɻˣöú̥ɡ
ҽ˵ˣ֮εȣӦöϢġ
ѾȥѾѾ˵Ļˣ૵˵ţôأôϲأ϶ôϲأ
Թ۵һ̲סһЦ˳ϵı˵ѾѾ˵أ϶ǸеģôϲأҿѾѾѧҽղʲôϲѡ
ѾѾֵؿϣɩΪʲôеĲϲ
ˣ˲ܻж֪ϾѾѾٶ࿴ҽ飬ѧϰȥ˿ˡ
ϵͳҲһա
ϷӦŭָѾѾ㰡㰡㿴㡭ǣһ
ϴϱϽȥѴĴҹ϶ơ
ǲѾѾˣñĺá


141 ·ӽ

꣬϶޴󰭣ֻСϪˤʱСϪһ˽밲˯״̬Ļۣ˯˹ȥѡ
ԬʼȻĻۡ
ѾѾ˴ĻԬĿе󶼱øߴ
ռҵˣ˵ѾѾ϶£ȫЦһ
϶֪֮󣬰ԹؿѾѾá
ɣֲãҴֻʾһơ
ļ죬Ԭʶû棬ѾѾ֪ôһ㶼ġ
Ԭô֣㱻һ£ܿ۹ȥˡ
Լ⼸춼æææΪ϶ʱΪ϶ϲϵͳ;ҽѧϰȻ̫ˣͿʼѼʽѧϰ
ڼ￴飬ҪȥӴǱڴ˰֮ҲȥԼһΡ
֪ѧϰҽҲǾԼܵؽ
ʱһζѾѾҵ·ӽãǰһһĺԺͼֽģլҵլӻҪ󣬷滹кܶ붼ʩ
˵ӽãвٴܵ·ǰ棬Ҫȥ泤ʲôӡ
壬ǼⷿɣҵլӶÿ
˵Ūˮ滹ééҲ֪ôġ
·ŪãϢڴﴫݣҲȥסĴӡ
֣Űײ˾͹Ⱥ߽ſڡ
֣ϾͳɤźϣⷿǴ󰡣ϵլˣ򰡣ô㣬ѵùˣסٻȥɣˣȥɡ
֣ŰײˣŤƨԺȥ
ռҵĴԺӣϵͳҲһɻظɽɻֻǵļɻ֮ǰ͸Ľ˵ãȥҵĺɻڹġ
֣ϾɻصʱվȻһɻ˿ĭȻժɻ￿ߵһɻ
ͷһ壬һŤһŤؽȥҷӡ
Ժﻹвٴ񣬴ҿһһ㶡
ѾѾĽ͸ĺɻժˣۡһ·ޣ߹ȥסϵȣ͵ء
ѾѾĿ˴ǵĶУмѾѾߵúܽĴ۵öһ顣
ҪѾѾ˵仰һ뵽֣ѾѾҵ׼ңҲ˵ʲôֻĿȥǴ֣ϡ
֣ʲôˣѹͲںôνؼȥҷӡ
͸֣ߣŤķ֣ŵլӵһ
ףС֮ǰǼΪ˵һ죬ǼҽˣͲҪס𣿡
ѾѾˣ¶ѯүӸϡ
ѾѾĻȻ򣬹ֲأ֮ǰֹ֮ô˳̯ؾˣȻһֱûֹڵһ찡
˭Ҫ̯ôݾǵùˡ
үɫѿ
֣ժ˺ɻĺɻɻ¿ˮɫѿ
үˣ˶ϲӹţɻض˵ͷǷԹžжʫǸɻйصģھȻĿеķ֮ء
Ǹ׵ã׼ңûܣοǿѾѾ
үӿ϶ȥСø֣Ŵ
үֿ峤ҲˣЩ飬ôҽι۰ɣ컹ͷǴȥ
峤Ҳ֪үҪȴ飬˴Ҫ뿪
ϱһдϲҲѾѾҵլӣ⿴ǼƯլͲƽˣأ¿Ǽˣ϶Ҫմ֡
˳ɿһµģԸô뿪ֵţզˣԼҽ˴լӾƲǴǰɣУҪǼ淢ˣðǶڽˡ
ϲӸţɲǣ˭˷ӻôҲι۵ģǼҵķӽ뿴һۻУʼˣˣ±˲֪ǼҶǰɣ
ŴϱϲӵĻЩ
Щ뿴ռΪѣűϵ뿪
峤Ŵϱϲϲµļһͷ۵üҪ˵ʲô
ѾѾ֮ǰڣѾѾǱϱڻһ˫峺ŴϱʹϲӣϱϲӣҲСһǼס𣿿ǼҸûݹϵҪס˻᲻ǸǼʲôĹϵ
ѾѾǸСӣ˵ȽֱӣҲĨǣ뵽ʲô˵ʲôѾѾĻҲû˻ȥ
Ǵϱϲˡ


142 Ľ

˵Ŀⶼǡ
Ҳڿϱ
ɫ࣬ŭһϽһؼȥ㻹뱳ҸҸǲǣ
ϲѾĳˣҲڣû˸˵
η壬ֻǴϱˣһҲЩʲô룬뿪
ϴȥլӵţլʣռҵ˸Լ֣ϡ
֣ڶ᷿˸õķ䣬ѾѾķ䣬Ŵײֱӷǡ
Ҷ˵ˣôײ˹ģҴʲôУŴײ˹Ǳǡ
ŵʱ򣬱˻ȥ˵ôֿտյĹãԺժŴײ˹
żҲʲôڿˣײֵòãѾкüƬƵҶӣҲûŰǿݻƵҶժô
֣ɵרŸѾѾİβϣβһСһ˷ɫı̣õ״Ӿϣϸ˳
һ֮ͲԸ𴲡
֣ϰֵڴϴʲôǴײ˾ͷ϶մ㽴Ҳһ㣬Ͻȥ˵˵ⱻӵĲϸ·ǿ·ûд͵ġ
֪ˣҴȥ˵
ҲϵıӣʵЩŤҲǵģôõĲϾȻӣҲǼ͹ȥƥҲ룬һĴˣôõĲ𣿡
ⲻǣٻȥѼ˶ǾסŲˣȥ磬Ǽһжӣ⽨ôķӣ滹ŪôõĶһͷѲǮǿ϶ʣ²ٵӣȻûôǮġ
취Ӷõ֣и˵ǾǾɷסžˣʡûȥģҲ鷳
֪ˣҴȥ˵
֣ڷѾѾѾһҵ鶼źá
϶ǣѾվһᣬһզ࣬û뵽ϾȻôҪˣƫƫ˻Ǽҵݡ
ͬԼһѣƿţǺһǸҹ
˵֮֮е֣ûʲôӦ
϶룬ֱ߹ȥһһȥ
֣϶֣ͦƽʱڼû͵ųԺóԵģ϶Ҳ׳ǹȥǺܷѾ
һ·ϲ֣ô϶ô϶ҲûǣֱӰ˴үǰ

үѵһ٣֣ϲֱѵ˵ҲЩ
ֻ˻ҪƤסүǸȽ˹ĵˣ˸ߣʱҲ
ҪҲãôݸϸϣô˵Ҳĳ
ֻȰھɷǱסš
·ӵů绹ûаڣڻס
·ӿҪõ飬ѾѾϴθĽдŵʱѾ˵ˣǷӦѾ͵Ľ
ѾѾԺһһ죺˵Ľյ֮󣬻᲻ϻμǼҵůأҪزĻǾ̫ϧˣů죬ǼһܶóԵĶģ׶ѾҪһͷʱͻкܶԡ
Ӧòˡ
ϵͳ˵úܿ϶
ѾѾʵҲӦǲˣϾĽھҪβģôܻΪһůͻǾЩʧ
үӺůҪĿ˵ѾѾ߹ȥſϣ˵ƯһҪģԬҲҪ룬һҪ롭
Цŵͷã˵Щ롣
ѾѾʣǴϱϲأҲ𣿡
ү̧ͷѾѾͣǶǴˣȻǼҲôѺãҲܲǣǿûƤûģǼҿɲûƤû֪𣿲ҪǼңֳ˲飬ʱҲǲܰǸϳȥġ
Ǹ鶼ˣǲӣǻϳȥҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ѾѾˣͷ
һһϵͳţҲҪүӵޡ
үӹȻЩİӼҳöˣ·еִ˵ӣԽԽϲ
ɺȻܽСãҵֻˣ˵ǸͶġ
ѾѾϲܳȥܵҵǰ
ǴһƥƥĲƥһ飬˵Щǹ͸ǼҵģǼҵǨ֮ϲ
ǹ׼ġ
˴ϱһװúܾµĶ״ܳܿһʱ֮²ʲô


143 үӵǷǹ

ѾѾĽϸʲô˰ҪԼţû뵽˻ûȫɿ֣ͱסϵĶѹþһæҵûȥõ鷿źá
ѾѾԼĶǷ鷿ġ
˵ʲôҵ˸ѾѾͶһʲôģ巿֣Ϻæܳ
ϣӸǼʲô⻹ǿҿⲼǺÿһôãûôÿĲأ򰡣˵Ⲽ·ÿɣ
ɫĲǿ·ҿͦõģƥɫһЩĲϾûȥͷӰɣͷӼû·ˣⲼˡ
֣һͱϷŵĲϣ۷ĵͣ
ԼҪһ
򣬸ϽЩûǷȥţ͸ǵģúúϧ
źòϵ;֣һѱ߰ƥϣִߴȥʣЩ
ת뿪ݵʱ򣬿ϷŵľͷװŵĶɶϽơ
üͷϴ϶
ϴû˼϶ȴһӾͶˣ߳ȥ֣ϻĲƥϴ״Ȼ򣬹ȥŰĲƥ
ϴ϶µظɻǿ׳֣Ϻֵ壬ûʲôֻͣؿǰѶߡ
֣ؿڣڸʲôأǼסôãôãԵֺã˸˼ƥզۺҪء
ѾѾźԼĶûü𿪿ʲô֣ϵĻյܵݣܵߣϵȣֵؿ֣ϣ֣̣˵ˣһֲ֢
ֱΪϰһ־ѧϣָľ֣Ľ͹֣ûκιϵ֣̻͸ǵĶҪռС
ֲҪƵģȻͻԽԽأ˵ʲôʱͻΪֵ뷨Ȼȥɱ
˵ţѾѾ̧ͷϣǴӵĴξҪǲܵĻ˵ˣβõľ񲡣ҪѲ˹صԺȥ͸Щסһ飬Ҳ֪ûоԺ
ʲôʱˣһҪûеĻһòã
ѾѾһСǶʲô֮ͣǰʹϵͳ֣ϺΪʲôΪ
ϵͳⶪһ֢Ľ͸
ѾѾôһ˵֣о񲡣ռҵһӣ򶶶ţеĻ̲סЦ
ֱӶѾѾ˴Ĵָ
ѾѾؿ壬˵磬ָҪҪҸ㿴һ£⼸ҽֽ˵ġ
壺
֣ϱѾѾ˵ɫ࣬ŭ̧ܹ֣ŭȣѾͷвҾúýѵѵ㡣
ֿҪ쵽ѾѾϣϲѾѾһ¡
үӷɣСȥ鷿
ѾѾСүӲǺ֣Ϻ˴һ飬ᱻӰ쵽ѧЩõĶ
ַԸϴԼһЩӣǼЩƥᵽҸ̵ķȥᵽ鷿
ϴĶ̫ʵҲûʲô˼
ȵ㵽ֵ½뿪߾ʣүӣϣ϶ϱԼ֣ϸ
үϵıӺһڲ裬ϲƷ裬үҲ⣬֮ǰڵʱ˾ʱЩҶҲÿζյģʵھܾ˵ʱһ㡣
Ҳ࣬õʡ
һ棬÷ƬҶҶڱ㹻Ŀռ価չˮȾ˵ɫ򿪲豭ӵʱ΢΢ĲڱڣζܵܵүѾ㡣
ȲΪƷ裬κȲ裬ֻΪԼס
һãһõţҪڼס£޻˵ȷʵǲܾô뿪ֻǣȻ˵ģЩ飬˲˵ҲӦ֪ġ
Կ˵Щʵܲòοүһ徭ĶˣҲΪ徭͸֪˲̫ڵӣ̫ںһЩäĿע
ģΪԼ̲ܽϣüˣʲô
ǼͣӦӣ𶯲ǡ
ѾѾ鷿ү˵Щʲôһص鷿ֱĽ͹ע
֪Ľϸ׼ʲôأ
ѾѾֹţ߹ȥ𿪡


144 Ů

Ľ׼úʵѾѾ˺һᣬû˺վܳȥ˲˵
˵С˵Ǵɿˡ
ѾѾôò˵װĲϸˮֽɻһһ㣬ѾѾӶȳ˵ʱ򣬴ɰһװ˺
¶ʵӡ
ѾѾûĶǡóܷܷȥ滨Ҹ滨һ鷿ţͿѾѾվһǰ
ȵ˵ѾѾôһݣ
ݣʲôǹݣ
ѾѾתɻؿųܷܷܷܷ㣬֪ⶫ𣿡
ܷܷͷߵĽ͸ѾѾĹǰ˵ݾƽʱ˵黭ٰƽʱڼﾭҵݣ͸һġ
ݸÿǸöˣ㿴Ĺĥúܹ⻬ȥָҲܺã˳ֱӦǼõľͷģٿߡ
ܷܷڹǰָŹ½ǵһСĽ䣬㿴û֣㿴ܲܿʲô֣ҵ˵ˣһĴʦϲԼĹԼֵġ
ҵǸݲʲôʦģû֣Уܿʲô𣿡
һʦ̵ֶȽʲݣһиԣ֪Ǹʦֵ˻һ۾ϳ˶Ҫоܾò̵ܿʲô֡
ܷܷĻѾѾȥССܷܷһ飬ԴܷܷԴǰ棬һһԴһұһԴһۣһۡ
ʱʱȻȻ
Ȼ˷ܵؿڣҿˣˣ̵غ֡
غ
ܷܷ𾪵ؼѾѾ۾ϣϲ˵ģģغѾѾʵ̫ˣ⾹Ȼغģغȫõƹݴʦɣǹϵȫݵõˡ
һ˵ֻݣȻģѾѾҵһӸһ𣿡
ǺܰݵĳܷܷڿʦĹʱ̲סҪԸһǰⲿݾжô㡣
ѾѾᵯݣҲܷܷ˵Щʲô֪֪ƺӣȻһ㶼øˡ
ܷܷ˵Ҫһ£صͷ㵯ɡ
ܷܷѧĹݣû츳ѧô꣬Ҳɡ
ϲŪһһˮһö־
ݵֶ£үӣʱҲһͬȥϲ¥˵ӡ
¥ﵯ˺ܶ඼ֻѧ˸ƤëֻѧôһӶѣܾǷȱ˵ʲô
鷿ﴫֲͬ
鷿ﴫ͸ͣຬƮݣӹţɽȪƻ졣
֮ɽȵ߹֮·ǲ֮ʡ
үӵ鲻ɵ
鷿棬ѾѾڵϣüͷܷܷòãֻɻĽΪʲôҪһѹݸ
һһĽΪʲôҪҹݰֲᵯݣⶫҲûð
ѾѾĽӦǳһһ˽ˡ
Ȼ˽ΪʲôҪأ
ѾѾǸ汦ҲһŪ׾ͻܾõı
ϵͳ뵽ҪѾѾŮļƻ˵Ľѧϰ黭Ϊһҹɣڲھ𣿾Ծͨ黭ĴҹˣҪҲ黭ȥ˾ǣͲõıƲžǵᱻƲ𣬲ѡݵġ
ϵͳټһ䣬ԣģѧϰ黭ɡ
ȻһһȻ黭ЩᣬԵöûƸ񰡡
ѾѾƲ죺ԣѧ书úʱ򣬾û˸۸ˣŲȥѧʲô黭Ҿ͵ŮŮӡ
ŮһʻҲϵͳѾѾġ
ѾѾ˵Ļϵͳ
ܷܷѾһӣջ֣Сذѹݷŵϣ̫̾ˣҾҵնһֲûôҪشʦĹݡ
ѾѾݴģܴȥҲһһġ
ѾѾ鸴ӵؿһǰѹ٣һҧ˵ܷܷ㣬ѹҾ͸˰ɣͲȥˡ
ϵͳ
ѵעֻһŮһ
ͣˣүҪ˵ĻҲ˵꣬ڰ֣֣뿪
֣Ҳôûӵˣ֪үӲǰһˣҪʲôҲڵš


145 ů

֣ռҰ˼졣
ʱһζڵůӡ
ѾѾһѹϰ·ͷ
ĺɫԽȹͷСӣװ֣͸껭һϲ
ůϰףм˶Ҫ·
ѾѾ⣬ռҵҲ·
ֻǴĲǴɫ·ѣǴ·ƽʱ·ɫһɫҲ֮࣬ǰûôóѣѾѾΪů·
һѾѾɫ·һȺռ˵оԵرۡ
ڿ֮ǰҪ׼һЩм׸Ҫװ˳ףк
ǰ׼ʮ룬ʮӣʮףʮ˫ӣ׼һЩͭǮ
ʵ׼һЩʳܲ⣬Բ֥飬̶춹ͣΣǵȡ
Щ˼⣬Ƶȡ
ȥ׼ϴ϶ʹżСȥڴſڴҪϺ첼Ĵ󻨸
ѾѾ͸ǰۿҵûƫ
磬һ㣬ƫƫˡ
һʼúúãûһ滨ѾѾ棬ѾѾſţ滨ǣȥҪԵġ
ѾѾ·ÿ
滨ĽؿѾѾ·
ѾѾЦе˵ţҪ·ӣůʱҲһ·
滨ЦţãȵҼůʱҾһ·
϶һ׼õʳﾭѾѾ滨˵ĻЦЦѾѾ˵гԵģ滨ȥЩɣסѶŪˣкܶŪŪ˲ÿ
ǡ
ѾѾɵӦţ滨ܽ
үӸһӵ˶ˣ쿪ʼϴ϶ȥһͷ
ͷиãڳ棬ȴŴæǰøַ죬뵽˵档
ﻹ϶ǰЩɽŪ岶׽ʮֻҰֻ߰Ұá
ָԼֵܲǲ١
ڳһСˮڻŶʮĲ㣬Щϻңȥüֵܰæץġ
ռҴڻûô㡣
ѾѾһ߽ˮˣ滨˵ҪǼ춼ůͺˣôԵġ
滨ͷԶԶԣҪ춼ůͺˣҴûмô⡣
϶˳ȥ߻Сһﻹվһǰ˵ЦԴ˵ˣվˣЩըõȥЩ԰ɣﻹЩӣʢ˸Ƕ˳ȥ԰ɡ
ǡ
ѾѾǣ滨ȥֱץһѣ滨нֻһС飬ץһѷŵ滨ϡ
ؿڣĳ԰ɣǼкܶóԵģԺһ׬óԵģҶеóԣʡġ
滨һѾѾ˵ѾѾ
ѾѾѵúߵƲͷȥܵǱߣϸʢõļ߳ȥ
ΪǼѡסʱϴΪռҵĴȥȼűڡ
žıĴ𣬺ɫıֽɫɵõǣǵĻЦʹ˵֯һ顣
꣬ѾѾ滨Լǻд͵С飬ͳȥЩûȼıڡ
񵽱ڵģĵϣּһѺֽ淭ҡ
չأ֮ӵ˸ǵҪס·ҪĶȥҽȥҲҪ˳ǰ棬ӴСٵݣѣÿ˵ĿڴﶼҪϼͭ壬˼ǡǮ
峤͸ŶӽȥԼͷͭ壬漸Сʱ򣬷ѾѾɶڡ
ȥү˵ˣүȥǡ
ϸ϶ȽٵСεȥձڵĵطһȺСëͷУһһذѾѾǾ
ͷ϶մһЩֽ
Сץɵ֣ƨϾ˼£С֣´ΣͲ㷹ԡ
ˣˣů磬ѺӴˣ᲻
ֹߴǿȥ
ѾѾϼڸ첲£̧ȥſϻźüûյıڡ
ˣͿʼȥ·棬үӿʼţһ̤ȥһ˵˫̤ǰӲҡ
ѾѾں̽ͷүӵĶҲڣǺɫģԼ˴ʣ˫̤˴
һЦ

̿¯һˮӴɢζŷˮ
ֱӾͿʼһˮԲԣԲʵĵŴӣǺˮۣԢԲԲͺ


146 Сѧֲҩ

ѾѾ滨һһԲѾѾ·ȥԡ
·ϵͳѾѾƵģõ˺ܶɫĲɫĴɫε棬滹˴èͼŪ˷ɫıҲŪķɫġ
滨һ۾᲻գһ¡
ѾѾԲŵϣ˵ش滨һᵽһᣬһֵһ£һ˱һһִ򿪴ϴڴ£ͷͷ˵
ȵҽ·ӣҾɩǸܶܶıףԣҪѻÿͼɩòã
ѾѾָȻűϵĴèͼ
ָ滨˵Ǵȥȥ·ӣҼҵķӽˣͲæˡ
𣿡滨ϲؿѾѾҵĿԻȥ·ˣ
ѾѾƶصͷ϶ģôУͿԽˡ
滨üҼûӡ
ѾѾ룬˵ûϵӲúܶӵģҼҾժ˵ѻͰѽӵܻˣҲȥɽժѡ
ϵͳ
ժѻѾƻ˾ǧӵġ
ãȥҾõɽȥժѣҲ֪ʲôѣܲܰҸҵѳʲôӣ
ðȥԲĽϼůʱҾͳԹһģһԲɺóˡ
ѾѾվƨɣǣ滨ߵӱš
һ߳Բһֵ۾
լӴ棬½½п˵үӣϴϴ϶վſӭӿˡ
ɶɵɼСӣʹһľԺ׸ʢԲСģ͸СԺҴڡ
Ҫɻʱ򣬱ϵĴ˺һǼעһЩˡ
СӻתȦһû˿ĵطſˮرų㡣
Щÿ
ѾѾ滨ԲȥźãܵɻرϣСڿÿȥͬſڳӱϣһ˵ţǰǰǼҺɻɺÿˣЩҴĽϼץġ
ѾѾĻСһĽġۡ
ԶĴżСѵĻЦֵӾЩСһˡ
СϵͷɲǣǼСӶ滨ڼתһˣ⺢ӻ˵Ҫ춼ůǾͺˡ

˵껰ȥС¡
ѾѾСںɻزιִ꣬ȥ鷿Ժιۡ
ռҵլӺܴүӾͺܴ󷽵Ū鷿
һԼõģ
һǼЩֿʱõġ
һѾѾСѾѾԼС鷿
С鷿ԺӶġ
һȫȫԼأѾѾҪԼԺӣϴԺһСյس
Сǲι۵ľһյء
յѾ˲ٵֲСǽвֵĶһЩƽʱȥݡ
滨ѾѾΪʲôҪԺôݰ
ǰôˣЩҲÿϵЩҼԵĲݣҪԺ𣿡
ѾѾҡͷŲǣЩɲͨĲݣֵǲҩԺӵģǿǸǳǰݣƽʱιĲݣЩǽЩǰݡ»˺ܶཪ飬ʱܿû򣬵ǽƯкܶصζ
ѾѾһԼĿյ䡣
һһҪôҲһҩһһ˵ֱôһֲҩ󣬷ǿźɽϵһҩͶġ
ѾѾÿУһһָԼԺһ¡
СѾѾĻ˷ܵЩݶǼҾǿЩݽ·𣿡
ѾѾҡͷǣЩĿӡ
ôֺòã
Ҫ׼Ĳ˱Ƚ϶࣬ЩϻñȽľϯԤῪһЩ
¸Ŵ˹ȾϯĺǻӣȥЩ۹Ҳûʲôضüǰһ찾ĴͷˣһЩ̺õˣͳĻƶɣȥ˼ӹȳԷۡ
ɹʱռҾѾһԣѾѾǵú۵ζкԺѧֲҩŪֶСȥԷۡ
м˿ϣԼȥʢЩιԼСĺӡ
ʢķۣһѯʣʲô۰զôÿأžͺóԣŻء
϶˸ѾѾķ۳صЩúģкۣϯҹӦûȥҴ峤۵飬Ҳԣòóԡ


147 ө

۰һ㶼
ǾȵؿķۣѾȳ
Ե۵ͷóԣóԣ̫óˡ
ѾѾСҲڳԺۣСӳԷۣһ룬һ붼ϣҲּ࣬ˣ
̧ͷԷҲģЦһ£ֵͷԡ

ܷܷǰͻȥˣѾѾ͸ĴʦĹݣȥױ
˳׼ѾѾů
ʽů磬ܷܷ϶Ҫģֻ׼ʱ˸״ˣǵĵ꿪ڣһ˵ĸɻڵſ֧˸¯ӣӵȶ
¯ʱð̣ͦͰ¯ſڵıŲŲ
ŲƫԱߵĵһЩҵô
ȥˡ
ûȥһ飬ܷܷ˾ڽٹ䡣
Ԭʵñȳҵ磬·ûʲô£ȻȻ͸ڳǰȵѾѾҡ
ֻһ·ϣԬʶĹĵġ
ŶԬСܲˬΪҴӮңҪǵвңҲŲ
͵ưɣȵѾѾңҾѾѾĸǸֶǰϳȥǲȥ
ѾѾȥμů磬ҪˣʱԬС֪ϢʹѾ׷˹ؿ
вԬСһ顣
ԬԽ;Խ
ԬСǵ°ͣҵҪǼ˭ҸߣҿԵŮ
ռҴɻв˶Ԭҵĵأǿ϶ǲҸģǵزҪˡ
ߣ
ԬƲͷȥһѾѾҵ·ſڣԬԼѾѾ׼ԬСһۡ
һȥͺѾѾأ
ԬСҲ⣬Ѿ߲ţƵ͸˼ҵСһ
һôͣռſڣǽĵһүӴռҵļֵæ˹
ǿԬΪŵԬү
ڿԬС֮󣬾Ҳû˸ǲ֪Ԭүû
үһ
ѾѾܵԬȥԬʴԬС£ѾѾԷʱǲС˵©죬ǻĿԬүΡ
ԬСѾѾҲү˵
ԬСԬһˣүӽŲ㶣ȥд
ϾǼҵĴϲӣĶǿˡ
ԬС㣬лԸٺᡣ
ˣԬС˰֣ܲ˵ҲǳǼҵůģǱ𿿽ңһζѬˡ
үɫ˱䡣
϶ȭͷ
ĳ㡭
ˣȥд˰ɡ
ү֧϶ԬС˵ȻԬСô˵ˣǾͲҵˣԼ㿴ɡ
үӴռ߿ȥдĿˡ
ΧһЩ񿴵ʱ򣬺Χһ£үӸԬСĶԻǲؿԬСһۣ뵽ԬСǸԬһүֺԬС㣬Ҳҳ˵Щʲô
ԬСôҡڵ߽ȥ
϶Ƿ߷߲ƽޡһ£ΪԼǧСأҲǰùӻǼҵء
϶ԬСûʲôӡ󣬵ѾѾԬСӡ
ѾѾ˵ԬС֮ǰ飬ãվͷ̯ǰ濴죬ͷڻܵǼƲǡ
үӵ϶˵䡣
ůϰף첻·ﳳܣȻԺ׼լ
£ֻš
ܿĴүӹȥд϶ҲŹȥдһʱ֮û˵ԬС顣
ſڣѾѾǻڳԺۣԬҹϺһɩҲҪԡ
ͼѾѾߣԼŵĺӵݹȥѾѾ˵Ҹ׼ҵ˸˸ŶƿǣҲŲҪôؿֻ˭ҪƿŻ
ҼԺרŸץө棬һϵʱҼԺɶөˣβһһģҪǶץһ㣬϶԰ѰճɺҹץһӣǷŵ棬ϾͲõˡ
𣿡
ɵͷ˹Ҫө档
СҲڴؿſԸ͵һĳӡ
ҲûөģǱȽ٣ټһҹҶţûʲô˿ө棬ѾѾǷһ
ѾѾżشţǿ
ϵͳһֺܲõԤС


148 ƾʲô

϶һ۹ŵԬǰеСӶڶԬʵĺӿ΢Цת˳
ðһĹͷĺۺ㣬Ԭһŵ̲סˮ
ְѺѾѾϣӣس˺ۡ
ѾѾӹһȺСӵĴӵϣɺ滨Χ࣬˫ֲŵϣͷ쵽ϣٵ˵ţСã죬
滨˫һһضźڿ
ԬڼõһӣûҲûϣһܷľӣζȫõөɳ
ѾѾͱﲻסˣ˫ַźӵĸӣҪ򿪵ʱԬ˵өǻɵġ
ĸһ򿪣ȫө涼ɳ룬ֻСƿһ϶
ɺ滨ͷ˹ѾѾһ飬źӵķ϶￴
ߵļС鰴಻סվҲҪө档
̫ˡ
ѾѾֹһ䣬룬ְѷ϶һ㡣
˫۾ź濴
Ǻܺڡ
˵ɡ
滨Ҳڣ˵өᷢô滹ôڣ
ϵͳԼԤеõ֤ʵ
ٶȱһָôˣûһөɳ
ȻǺġ
ҪٰѺӿһɣˣө涼ɳӦþͲɳˡ
滨ڱϽš
Ԭڸ۷սУҲûѾѾ˵Եú޲ðһͷ񵽺档
ѾѾ滨˵úеֱӰѺӿ
Ĺյ棬ڿ˺
ȷʵǸԬ˵кܶө棬ģһ㣬ֻө涼ˣһβҲᷢ⡣
ѾѾһ£롰ۡһ޳˵첻ܿޣӲرȥ
ѺûȥԬʣԬﻹһںۣɻ̧ͷѾѾѺӻüͷôϲ𣿡
ˣϲ
ܣ׽ʱǻġ
ԬʼæְںۣȻ¿ӣù
һһ£Ȼ˵϶ԬСŪģոһġ
ϵͳ
ĪԬСһ
ԣһŪģǸŮˡ
ѾѾš
ԬʿﻹʣСۣ˷ѣѺӺϣŵϣͷ
ѾѾǻصѾѾԺӣ鷿ǰĿյһʲôûֵĵأСһ˸ӣөźһ˽ȥ
ԬСռ֮һ˵˹䡣
Ԭס˼죬Ϊ۹Ѿ˲٣ǿѾѾҵլӣǿЩˮͷ֮ģʵ۾ˡ
ƾʲôƾʲôһƾʲôסôõĵط
Դ֪ԼԬҵС֮;ֻ߹ģôܹ̾ȻдסñҪá
ϱӼһ˾͸Ŷռҡ
һ˵ԬҵСˣԺﵽȥԬС
᷿ҵ
ĵ߹ȥԬСкԬС㣬ҵˡ
ԬСϵԶԼһֺ˵㿪׼ôˣ
׼ˣܿˡ
һӦ
ԬСصͷѵ꿪ҪΪҫ۵Ůӡ
ҪһѾѾȥ뿴ѾѾڴôӡ
ѾѾñһһȲʱһģἵʵ÷裬Ŀġ
һϲءšһ
˵ԬС㣬Ҵٵ߰ɣܶǼҵĵ֣ǶˣȻῴʱ򣬿϶ֺġ
һֻѾѾ꣬ϲ·ϱ˷ֺõĸоԼ
ԬСҲǸӣ֮ǰֿ࣬ڹϺˣȻҲϲֺñеġ
һԬСĵط꣬ԬСͷ߰ں档
һ·мҲſڣϳԬСԬСǰţԥһᣬ˳һԬСá
˿ͷͻ˸ź
һ·϶ǹغšԬСá
ԬС̧߰°ͣһЩЦݡ
˵ȥæԼ°ɣùҴкˣҾߡ
˰֣⡱ߵȥǡ
ӣרŰŸռ˸峤ϣһЩҪĿ
滹һЩ֮ģӶˣΨǿţȻҶ֪Լݲ
ԬСֱ߹ȥмϡ


149  ôɰҪԺ

ԬСֱ߹ȥмϣֻҪǲµСӣ֪Ҫ˼һҪġ
ԬСôֵ
Żվţвٴ񣬿ԬС£˲طЩ
˸ͣǸԬС㣬ԬŮԬǴвٵĵأҵ֮󣬿ɲĵλˣŮﵹҲǺʵġ
ԭ˰ֲأҾ˵С￴Ҳǲµģôܵȥˣԭݴء
˵ռҲһů羹ȻԬҵ˶˸֦ˣֲǼһһӷչôء
һȥ֮У˵ЩܻȥԬСתԬС
øӵرֱ͸һֻĿȸһ
չأһǲݵģϾǼҸѾѾҵĹϵɲãһȴվԬС߲ߡ
ԬСһۣؿڣŰɡ
ǣллԬС㡣
һ߸˵ԬС¡
ʱȥϯʱҲ쵽Ƕ룬Ժš
ϱһһԬСˣæкһȥ
룬ϱһ鳯ȥ
ˣ쵽°ɡ
һָָԼߵλӣתȥԬС裬ȻؿЩһۡ
ѾѾԺСһө꣬Ԭʵ֪ѾѾղŽ̹СֲҩˣҲҪѾѾ֡
ѾѾһԬʷֵ̫Ըص˵ͷðɣô֣ȷʵҪ˶˶ˡ
Ԭʵͷ˿Լ壬˵Ų֣ҵ˵ҳи
ѾѾͷţ˵־ии֣һġ
Ԭʣ
ѾѾٸ˵ŵŵŵȥǽ˲ӸͷԬʡ
ֱָ߿һյأóͷڸӣȻòӰǿòҩڳֵڳĿֺˡ
ѾѾָָԶһЩһóǰݡ
ϵͳȷڽֲ̱ҩڵĲҩ
ϵͳҲûѾѾ
ѾѾСҲָĻʲôҩֻҪ֪֪ʶռҵ˵УռҶ֣˵֮Ǿͻ֪ô
Ԭ˳ؿʼڿӣһóͷͦģͷռҵѾѾģͷеСе㰫Ҫ΢һͷ
Ȼȥ֮ҪüȥӸһѴһһĳͷС
Ԭʰš
֣ʵֵ֣ԣûһڳһжʮĿӳ
ѾѾڱϿţͷţˣòӰǿòҩȥȻС
ԬСӣڵϣСزѾѾ˵ǿóǰݣһ߲һѾѾòҲҩҼǵǴӵ·кܵİǴӲкܶҩÿ춼ܳԵЩҩǲǾͲ˰
ѾѾҡͷŲǣ˵ˣÿҩƵļǲһģЩҩЩҩεĲҲĲģ˭û»ȥҩֲųЩݡ
ŶǻҩιǴҪǼҵ˲ҪȥǴС
Ԭһ¡
ѾѾһ£ҡͷడ峤ɱʱȥˣһ㶼ģܺóԣǳԵҩࡣ
ԬѾһóǰ˳ϿţʵҪԣҩ಻ࣿ
ðҪĿ࣬ͲôιˣҲϲԿ⡣
ѾѾͷյԬߣժһƬǰݵҶŵ˽
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ҾԬС㵹ǱȲԬˣԬӾҲѧѾѾӸǴкҲûǵġ

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Ҳ߹˵߿λﶼˣ˻ûطġ
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˵ţֵѾѾ˵ȥ˵ϲˣҶӶˡ
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ѾѾãҡͷ
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151 Լ޵ĺ

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153 ӿ

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ֲûôУƽռڴǰء

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ѾѾͷ˵ΪҺܴɣҺܻ˵

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ѾѾϵͳۣһһҾһǵ˱׻ʺףԲŻᾭȥҿҽ飬ЩѺˣһֱţûȬģһΪʲôôһأ
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СҲôӦˣ˵ͭ嶼ǳ͢еģ˭Ūٵͭ壬ⲻҪó֪͢ˣܷŹ
͵ҡͷţûһ׻ڿأ˵һҵĺǸģպͻʮӣ⼸ȫȥˣʮأԭӦúܸ˵ģʮǼٱңھ൱ûʮӸˡ
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155 ˸

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ΪǼҶӣżȥץ㣬¥һ̵Уǲûַ˵档
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˵֮ǰǻЩǰľ¥ռҿģѾѾĻǳˡ
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162  ܶ˰

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˼ѾѾҵģ¥󰡣涼ٸˣöӰҿ˼ҿʱ򣬶ǵԷǰֻڼԳԣôᡣ
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гףԬʡ
ԬҪѾѾҾ¥Է˴ԬСС
ԬңԬСԺڡ
ԬСƷ˰ϵжһڹʰƬѾϣŭ𣺡

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ҵҽҲˣȾϷ纮Ҷѳˣһҩҿҩ֮Ϳˣ춼Ⱦ˷纮ӡ
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ϸСǻûãѾѾϴӳõļ棬óһȵݹȥѾѾ˵һ㣬С̡
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ѾѾżȣŸ裬Ժӵ鷿棬ҧżȣѯʣǾ¥Ӫҵ˶٣
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163 ʲôʱ

ѾѾʼûҪܶܶ˰ΰ롣
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һѾѾѾͷŸԼӣŸ˼ӵġ
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̫࣬һţ꣬ϴţüСĺȥѾѾȻţϵġ
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ѾѾСãѧ书֮󣬿Լȥھ¥һ˵书õ˶ܷ߱ڵġ
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׷ʣʲôʱǺʱ򣿡
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ҲѾѾ˵Ƣ̫ǳֶǰͷƢѾѾ룬ֶ˵ҾǱú֮ǰǼҿһţֱһǼǴҶϳȥϣ˭·ȥˡ
˷ܵؿڣСãǼҲԬ𣿡
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ѾѾѾܶϣڶϵĶѾûʲôʸУǺ«ĸ˵ģᳳҪȥȻţϡ
СֶӵﶼһŴϵͳһɿ
ѾѾÿ춼ҪԼɿֶҲҪɿϵͳۿɼٶȼ٣ٲȥȡֵĻܿͻٵˡ
ѾѾɿʱϵͳʵϵͳ̳ɿ⣬ӺóԵĶ絰⣬ţǣ֣ţЩЩĶһֱɿĶҪһЩ
ѾѾüͷͰ͵Ӧ֪ˣһúȥȡֵġ
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164 ֵĿ

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쵽Ӫҵʱ䣬Ҳæˡ
渺ƹ˷顣
ʱæùԺռҲ취Ҽε˵ӣøϴ϶ǰĹ
СҲҪڵЩСúòãҪҪǣҪҪС
ЩѾѾǺܶϵͳ˵ԸԸѧ
϶үӶǸģԼҲû̫⡣
ϴ֮СҲϹˣһɨһڳ⣬н飬длȵȡ
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ʳ¥ĿǰڵĴӹӦΪǴܴ󣬺ܷռҴС㣬ʺ
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ʳ¥ݶһϵҶ㣬ÿһأװڼľͰ棬ţ˹ģЩľͰڵϡ
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ѾѾѧҽѾѧˣ϶ȥҩһ롣
ֻ֮ǰ϶Ѵϲĺʷڣռҿû˸ѾѾģѾѾѧģֲʵ;ġ
ϴ󣬺۾գţ˵磬͸˺òã㿴Щ㷴ҪԵģҸİɣ˵꣬ǻøӺóԵġ
ϴɻ󣺡㻹һΪ˵岻һûĵأѾѾ㻹ܸˣԺţдҪˣҲȥˡ
ϴùһľ裬ܴ󷽵ظѾѾװȥ
ֺ˴ɹôɰľ˵ԺѾѾȥ档
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ľĴֹ˵岻һҪô֪ĸʲôѨλأҪˣ᲻أ
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ѾѾΧľ裬һߣһŲţһӵʡ
ϵͳֱװ
ѾѾҽ鶼ǹڸβģû⵱һҽҲǵҽãϾҲǸһβֻǸѾѾѧϰ򲻷˰ˣҪѧ̫ңʲôѧ
ϵͳװѾѾû취ֻȰץóϴŹһѨλá
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ʳ¥Ӫҵʱ䵽ѾѾҽҲŹľܳȥŵСɶҲڰŶ˲ˡ
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ѾѾǽ֮ע⵽ǣϽűӣƵ̿ʹò۵ѯʣλ͹ۣҪЩʲôأҪҪҸǽһǾ¥Ĳȣ
һǵľȻһֻСѾͷƺǸϲˡ
Ǹߺܸߵؿһ۲ƾͿʼ˵ǵеĲ˶һݡ
ѾѾ𾪵صɴ۾ǵĶӣ˵ô࣬ǳԵ˵ˣҪǳԲ˷ʳĻǾ̣ʳģǿԼԽȥǻŻģһŻ˶Ӿͱúܡ
ͳԳŹŵöӿܿˡ


165 ɵǮ

ѾѾ˲Żʲôӵģ͹ͦŶӣȻţԳ˶ӶҪѿˡ
УСһЩͷǵеĲ˶һ飬͸Ͻȥϻ
ѾѾίؾͣصȥ
ϹæˣѾѾԴվڳſڣЩɻ󣬿ٰѹﳴõŶʢѾѾ߹ȥϳ˵ʱմһЩͣûѾѾ
ֻǶѾѾôˣǲ۸ˣ
ѾѾһӾðͰ͵˵ţ˵ҪеĲ˶һ飬ҵԳˣ͸˵ٵһЩˣȻǾұ˵ôϻ
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ǰĻϻЩȻôѾѾ˵ģЩɻ
ϻ÷˵ʲôϵΪʲô˵ͻѵΪԭÿ𴲶Щ
Ϊ˯ʱû˵
ô˵Ҫ˯ʱ˵λڶǲǾͲζˣ
һСľе࣬ٻعʱѾѾѾˣһûκοĺۼ
Ҳ֪˼άôȹȥģϾ͸˵ɩѾûˣӦþ˵ɵǮˣǶЩˣǾ¥ܶ׬ЩӣᣬӦǰÿ˶ݲУһһݡ
ѾѾֺǺǵܳȥ
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ǲõĻԳŵģһҽҪǳԳˣҿԸǿһЩʳҩΪǼҵľ¥ԳŵģҩʱҿǱһЩ
ҩѾѾո뵽ˣϴԶˣһһ͸˵ϵͳ̳ԶһθʳƬ˾ܼӿʳӾûôܡ
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ҪǰҲԳˣͿһЩɽ髸ǳԣǾ¥ﲻֱɽ髣ǸӺһɽ髸ǶһЩɽ髸⣬׬ҽҩǮ׬ĵӡ
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СѾͷ̾ʲôأûðԼŪˡ
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ѾѾڲ̾ˣź˵Һò˼ɵǮˣһǰǵĲ˶ݣǳԳˣҾͿԸǿģҩʱǿЩɽ髸⣬ôһǼҾ¥ܶ׬ܶˡ
ôӣǼҾͿԶཻһЩ˰û뵽ǾȻͬҵĽ飬ÿֻһݣһǳԲţҲǺܿ𣿡
ѾѾźǳǳźԼһ׬ӵĻᡣ
ܷܷʳ¥ԹһΣĲˣǽѾ߹ԣֻѾˣ˵һĲȣп㣬㣬ˡ
ȻԼƺѾѾǸɵǮˣЩԹؿѾѾ
ѾѾûע⵽ܷܷ仯ĬĬ̾Ϣš

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һֱȣһֱȣȵǳ극Сӡ


166 ԭٱҳ

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СҪȥʱѾѾǲŹĻᣬٴСҪȥӵĹ
һǵĲˣܿһܵ
ʳ¥ĺܶȶˣڲʽ٣ȫ˼Ҳʮ˶ѣܶһʮٶʮһġ
ѾѾͳƺõ˵߹ȥ˵ΪѵñȽ϶ֱ࣬ӸǰѺǮ˰ɣֻҪһʮˡ
ѾѾҲû⣬Ǹݸߵӣƽؿʼó˼Ʊͼ
һƱһʮӵƱԼ
ǰƱŵϾվ׼뿪
ѾѾùƱŵϣȻסǣһ¡
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ΨиӱʼպܵתѾѾ˵ѵǾ¥Ĵ֮ôһСдǣȻһٶǣҲˣߵʱ㻹Ǵٶ㼸ݲȣǼ𣿡
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167 ߶

֤ݡ
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óƱ˶ôҶָܿƱϽǵĽ䣬˵
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ûУҿԿҲóƱԱȶԱȡ
ѾѾƱݹȥļˡ
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û뵽СССȻ֪ôණС˲𡣡

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ٵӶģȻͬСҪһЩֻ΢ĲһǺѿġ
רҵһʿԴɫϣϣӲֻ֣ЩҪź̵˽˲ܿ
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ð滨Ҫץˡ
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ϷʱֵѾѾʼץˣѾѾ۾һġһ٣Ҫʼץ˿
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ѾѾ조ٺٺ١Ц£ܵݴ滨˳

ʣһС飬ѾѾұΧûп滨滨ĵظָָɽϵķ
ѾѾһȻһ㣬Ŵɽķܹȥ
ʱ֮ѾѾûɽҵǸС飬Щʧתؼҡ
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ֺͣ½ŲϵͳһһǱʲô
ϵͳɨһᣬӦиǱߣǴӵˣҧˣںΣա
ѾѾһô죿ֻι纮ιˣҧ𣿡
ϵͳѾѾĽҪһҪΪ֣Ȼʲô˶ΣѾѾڻֺ˸ˣֻϵͳһ֡
ϵͳɨ裬ûΣԡ
ϵͳڣȲˣܡ
ѾѾŲ˭ܾȣֻҪܾȾС


168 ز

磬ôˣ
ѾѾߵ棬**ǰͲѯʡ
ͷðŴ󺹣ɫ԰ף촽ѾѾҪ˵һֶû³ʹϮȻ˹ȥ
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ѾѾ¶ؿմ󷢣ΪʲôҪҷӣҵ϶Ҹһȥɻġ
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ҲûѾѾҪȥǵģôͺȻܵɽȥˣһİ˸˻

ϵͳ˵ˣİĸϵ߶ѾˣѾȷûʲôˣǱҧ֮ӿܻæܵʱˤ˼ӣЩԴҲײ˸΢΢ЩѪ˳
ѾѾǰæʱ;˰˿ڣڰ˿ŷḻľ顣
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169 ʧ

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Ӿʧ˼䣬ֻǲ֪ʧĶ೤ʱļ䣬ļ仹ûлָĿԡ

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Щ˵ϵͳѾѾ˵ĶѣʲôģѾѾ϶ûиĻܰʧκõı죬ʱҲҪϵͳİţϵͳ

ȻʧˣоҪ뿪Σգļûлָ֮ǰ뿪
εؽѾѾơ
ѾѾᵽҽ
ʱռҵĺǴϻүҲѧû˸İӣ嶯ĶɵҪѾѾǲ죬һʱǽǵĳͷǰʣ˭ôǼ
ѾѾڳСջܳ϶𣺡磬Ͻ³ͷ˺ɽ磡
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ѾѾɽһһԺӵҡϳţռҵĺһͷˮԸɬվһԿš


170 

ԭǴɽʱڼסŰɣҪѾѾĵʱ򣬾вĵطҪ˵Ҫš
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ѾѾ죬˵ţǲУǾ¥䷽ܱ͵ߣ͵Ķǻˣ׬ӿ϶ύҵġ
϶˸ۣʱѾѾ׬ӵĿģٴѾѾ˵˵ûʲôõķӿԽġ
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롭
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ʼֱۣڤ˼롣
ŷḻС˵ϵͳʵǿȥ򼸸˻ǩǾǵˣǵǷˡ


171 ๫

ֻҪǩǲĻͲȥй¶顭
ѾѾϵͳ˵Ļת϶
϶ඥ˲Ȼ飬ѾѾȥ϶ȥꡣ
ѾѾȥҴɽһ鿴졣
쵽ʱ򣬳ȥ˺ܾõ֣ϻˣǻһѾѾ߰
һѾѾæѾѾǰе˵ţСǿѾѾѾѾͲ࣬Ժ͸ѾѾɣѾѾҪչ˺ѾѾ֪𣿡
ѾѾɻգգۣùãҽ꣬ŶʮˣҲ𣿡
ѾѾûȥСǿ˭ȽͲĻ
ҪСǿͲ࣬ǲҲͲ࣬飬Ҳܸȥˡ
㶣û뵽ѾѾ⣬ôشʱԱߵ֣Ͽڣ㻹δףСǿҲδףɲǲ𣿺ˣСǿһﻹ죬ʹĴ߰ɡ
ʽСǿƸѾѾ
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ôĴҶһòãʹˣǺֵģ֣ǼҲͲǸƯˡ
ûҲûģѾѾϵͳ˵ˣʱһЩ㣬ȥף׸ӾǴ˲


177  ֻаʱ

ֻǾǴ࣬󣬳ȥĻܲ㻹ܲ㣬Լֲÿ졣
ѾѾĻһᣬͷаɣ˵ȥ峤˵˵ǵ峤˵Ҫڴǰ˵ˣⶫҪֳˣӻá
Ҫ֪ģָҪ㸺ʲôˡ
ϻǵ´һΡ
ѾѾֻǺǣǿǰׯңһĶѾѾӦǲԵѾѾȥЩʲôһ
ѾѾǺģҪŴӣܹ⻹ȱ˺á
ѾѾͻСɲֱЩHĵ
ѾѾ˵صͷ˵á
Ȼ˳ܳȥ
ȥϵʱ͸һһ˼ٲģ컹ûй꣬Ҳ뿴顣
Ҫȥ滨ҼҾơ
ҪдŸĽˣǸĽϣĽϿЩУûĽϵİҼҾƣܾȱЩꡣ

ǣǽһľլԺڣ¼ζ԰̺죬ֻլӵȴϾЩ
ڶ᷿һſڽȥ
̫ҽûУȥߴߡ
ˣ̫ҽѾ·ˣϾͻᵽˡ
˵ĻԷģʵ̫ҽ飬û֪
ûУǳ̫ҽļ֮ȥһջ·ٹģ沢û˸٣ֻ̫죬ūžлˡ
úܺã֣
ֶ᷿ţͣش֣ⲽ

̫֮ҽ
᷿Ѿڿ̫ҽȥ֮һ߸ϵ˰һѯʼǿ
ʱ̫֮ҽ᷿ڳ
֮󣬾ͱ˴ƫȥ
ֻ̫ҽ
̫ҽ϶ˣֶܼã
̫ҽüͷ᷿ķ˵ԽԽƵˣҪǲҵҽ¼ֲ˰ꡣ
Ӻһ£˫ȷߵַһѡ
ɫ԰ף˫ʵҵҽû취
̫ҽһᣬ°ͣ˵Ҳûбİ취ҪҵǸطһֱﾲǻܼʮ꣬ʮֻҪҵҽҲܸΡ

ѾѾȥ滨ӻһҼҾƵϷŮ޶ڰҼҾϷ֮Ȥ
ֻŮ޶ľ籾ѾѾûикʱȤ
дѪİ磬ѾѾֻһЩŮ˼乴Ķǵ顣
ŮӵУѾѾСģѾѾԼĽɫһ̳ͨߣ˼˰СŮ滨Ľ㡣
һҲƯҲ㣬ǱһС
ӻѣͱǶҪִǡ
滨ϷмѾѾֲֵܱ̫ԣֻܱЩСҪѾѾ
ӻҲѾѾ滨ˣһȥԸ
ÿһζᱻѾѾһֱܴ졣

ҼҾϷѾѾ˷ܵظ滨ӻ˵һҼҾƺòã
滨ӻͷҡø˹һͬ˵ţҪɻ
һʼȷʵ԰ҼҾϷܸȤֻǶѾѾľ籾Ȥ
ҲҪϷâģҪѾѾ
ѾѾЩʧ̾˼
үӴѧûվںɻر߿ųĽɻֱһȻԵõӡ
ѾѾ߹ȥƤءһ
үӱͻȻһؿڣعͷѾѾЩεصһۣѾͷԺɲôŵˡ
ѾѾٺٺ١Цţߵүߣǣүӵ֣ųĽ㣬⿴㣬ҲǾЩԳҿǶʳ¥Ĳһˣǲ֪Ǻòóԣ
үӣǲһҲŲǡ
Ϊ˲ѾѾѻٴδԽ棬үתƻ⣬ѾѾ˵л˵
ԣˡ
ѾѾ˲ҪԽ飬ѸղŸ˵Ļָү˵һ顣
үӵͷȷʵǸ⣬ڵҲû£ȥ峤˵һҲҪڴ˵Щ⣬ЩһһֵóһֲãǶԹ䡣
飬ĳɹûг˭Ҳܱ֤һá
¹ѾѾүҲûǾЩĺá
ţҲ˵ģǵҪץһȥ峤𣿡


178 ǵĶֵǮ

ץһȥ峤ɣץ峤˶࣬ҪһĲŹԡ
ѾѾָһεǰЩһ˵
Ҳ֪ǲ˵Ļһ뿪
үĬĬͬһ㣬ʲô˵
εүԼȥҴ峤˵УѾѾڼûиȥ

ѾѾɽ˵ڰ˴ģϵͳڼ￴ҽ飬һʱչ½ǣ˵һܳȥˡ
;Լȥ棬ټϴҲڼңҲǰҪ˸š
ѾѾεˣڳһ۵سܡ
﹡ر
ЩˣԭЩѾѾģͷϸܵĺˮ
һ߻ţһߺСС·ϣĺţͬ飻Ϧţͷ׵Ʋϼѣ
ɰѳͷڼϣͯĸڵǳһ̵֧Լڴ졭
̫ˣѾѾûע⵽ǰ·Ҫյģֻһֱǰ壬ųš˱˵
ѾѾۡһ
ˣпæϵĶܹ
磿
ѾѾ۾ˮסģģؿܹˣɻؿڡ
ҲѾѾ޳ӣֿôǱŲ³ô£ַѾѾһֱԱ߲鲻ԸӵһѾѾܹ
һѾѾǼҵæȥһƿ˵ǼҵĵˣǵֵĶֵǮģҪǡ
ԴѾѾҵʳ¥֮һӾͱúѹ
ԬСֱӹһҪǼûһӣټϴϱ֮ǰյʮٵͭ壬պȥǮ
ڹñ֮ǰҪ࣬һϱڼû
һһöѾѾĴ
ѾѾһһ£ߵʯͷϣ޵øˡ
ۡĿ쳹Χ
һҵĵԱ߾ǴϲǼҵĵأôֵǮĶϲҲˡ
һĶܹ֡
ҲмԶԶվһ߿š
һؿѾѾ˵Ϊ޾Ҹ㣬ǵֵĶԸðʮǮһļ۸չģڰѶҪǳˣ𣿡
Ǽҵȿ޳Ūø۸һǲҪ
ϲһᣬ׹ôˣ˹ͬĵˣһҵĹϵֱˣָ߳ѾѾ˵СѾͷôôˣӾֻǼܹӣ˼Ҷǰɣ
Щ˼òֵֵǮĶۿž׬ˣҪңֺˣûճǰɣ
û뵽Ǽô˽ˣǼҲǿ˸ʳ¥ˣҿǼҾ¥ҲզľͲܸǮ˱ȱȣ㿴ǮԼ׬ˣ֪Щˣӹô֡
ֺ֮Ըðʮһļ۸ǻգǼң֪ԼƣҲǵҲԼǴ

ѾѾĵʯͷһᣬҲû˹ͲˣԼһ˫Բ۾ؿһϲǡ
ϱҵˣֱӾʹغү㳤۰ɣ㲻ֻЩ˽˷ƹ˰ҲͬͬǰɣǵӶôˣҪ۸Ҫǰ
ЩվԶˣСţ
˵ѾѾȥһҵµĶȻ˰ɣһֵҲɣЩֳ֮󣬿ǻǮһʮǮļ۸գҪǱѾѾȻˣʧ˰
ֲôϱǻôҪҼҵĶˣҴ뿳˵Ķˡ
ѾѾҲǵģԼҷˣЯһǾˣôƻǵׯء
˵Ҳô°ǼϿ˾¥֮ǰȥԵʱǷ˺ܶʲôİɣҲ֪˵һ£ǻЩǻأ
ô룬ѾѾҵ˻ǲôе˾ĺ
峤ҲڵɻֻҵĵԶһ㣬ߵĶŸϹľǴϱϲǶѾѾָָ㡣
峤һԵɣüͷ߹ȥѾѾԼ


179 չǮ˼

峤߹ȥŪԵ֮󣬰ѾѾֶѾѾ·մŵӲĵ
۵𣿡
ѾѾ䣬ѾѾ˺£ѾѾϱʵʵĵʯͷҲûĵöأʹһûоˣ峤ҧ촽ҡҡͷۡ
ãããѾѾǹԣѾѾȥ峤ҺòãֶӴֶŮǶڼңȥ档
һȺ˵ѾѾǼҵĲǣ峤Ҳûʲôð취⣬ֻѾѾȱܿһЩʡôСĺЩHĻ
峤ҵŮɵͲ࣬ƽʱٻѾѾ棬ѾѾ͵Сӣϲ׷ЩԼʹĺ
æ͸˵صͷŴ峤ܹȥ
ղűͱһɶ
ϵͳҲ
ѾѾһˣһ͸Ӳˣڵظ峤˵峤ôѾѾˣѾѾ̫ˣ㿴ǼҵضȻˣӦǸ⳥ġ
ЩһֲãǸ˲գǸô죿
УһΣԺ϶ȵģǼң˼ҲȵģǼҾСۣǴ˱ǸǮ˾ͲӦڴ档
ϲ͵ͷԣڴ棬һҲǼҵĵظˣǿҪӵˡ
Ҷˣզôء
˼ǮˣЯЯǴˣǼҵǺðܸɳôȱµ
Ĳִû˵ֻǵɫҲÿüͷ˼һϲӸղ˵Ļһ
峤ŴϲӸһȵ죬ѾѾֻǲСĵǼҵĵѣղĻԺ󶼲˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ĵжڰܰһСѾͷô
峤뵽ЩӻүøģЩϣЩ
Ȼүû˵Щֳ֮˭ҪգֻѾԼܲµһЩ
ʳ¥ԷǵķЩͦġ
ֻү⽻Ҫӹ˵ûоүӵͬ⣬ҲԸ˵飬ֻܺŹɢ񶾻һϲǡ
һѾѾʵҪѵҵٵѾѾڴĿеǼҵ˱ŲԸô졣
رߵ˵ţҾۿǼҵģһţһţѵĶڳˣǿﶼŪġ
ոճŴҲעʱһڵ߶˼ţĵ˼ӳ
ڿǸոӵϣһƬǽ塣
峤ȥüšš
ȥŭȼͬʱʼԼҵĵء
û뵽ѾѾȻôǰͦɵģôͻȻͱأ
һǮˣѧҶŵʱǻûôһԼǮˣ»ᱻ˳ˡ
û뵽ѾѾ⺢Ӿôˣ峤㻹ȥѾѾǼҵ˶ɣǸҵǸ⳥Уñ֤Ժ󶼲𻵱˵ׯڡ
ҿԺҪǷ˭ҵׯ𻵵ģǼǮˣǴҲֻǼǲôұøԣˣҪ˵˭ׯڻƻˣ϶ġ
һһ䣬ҪѾѾļ˳ġ
Ҷ϶һղ˵Ļࡣ
峤Щһ䣺һȡ֣ùǡ
뿪
˵Ǵ峤ЩӦøġ
ɴ峤ҲǸиˣеҲǴɣɴֲܣѾѾȥ
ȥϻүӣܸܲ˵ǼóʡǼҵ˱ˡ
峤ˣ˴ѾѾĻЩһϲǣм֪Լǲ˵ʲô峤Ĵ
룬ԼҵĵҲûȣܿͲˡ
ǼȻһˣ顣
֪ӦǵǮ˼˭˭ôƴ֣ôԸðʮһļ۸Щ
˸òԬɣԬһֱǴӵߵͦģƽʱҲǴкͦƵһˣЩӦҲֵİɣǲ֪ôЩҪʲôأ
أԸգǾͺú־УԺעЩѾѾЩ˲Уʡְиʲôƻ


180 ҩֻ

ѾѾ֪֮󣬴һ˵ǼҵĻ
ߵ峤ңսҵһᣬְ˴ؼһ·ϵظ˵ҸŶǼкܶóԵĶģǸһؼңҾҶɩǳԡ
ҶɩûҴɩպãֻҴɩȥϾ¥æˣֻܳҶɩˣãɩٳŵʱ˺ܶŪ˶ԡ
Ӻܶܶǣɺóˡ
Ҽ棬Ҵɩ⽸ڼʱˣ˸ǳԣҴɩ϶ܺóԵ⽡
ѾѾֲһ䡣
һһ˵Ǹ⽸ӱĺóԺܶܶģһһѷôɩ
սҵѾѾ˵ĻˮҪˣĸѾѾ˵ĿԳԵӣԣ⽸𣿡
ںóԵĶСӵļرá
ֻ˵һΣҲܼס֡
ѾѾͷȻҪЩʱ棬ԳԵɿɿҳԹóԵˣϧԼҲԲˡ
ѾѾûֶһɿѾѻֻˣĻûнˡ
һһǵк֣ܶһһ˵ˣΪ˶һԵĶͲܽҲ費
һһҿʳ¥ôҳԵôóԵҲ㹱׶𣿡
ѾѾĵϵͳ
ϵͳᶨ˵㣬ʳ¥ֲѸҳԶģҲ˴ҵӣǵȼ۽㹱ס
Ǹɽأ
㣬ɽĶڿָԼҽûʲôϵ
Ǹ˿أ
㣬˿ʱҲʱʱҪָһ£ЩҲҵĹס
ôֲأ
ѾѾ¶һ顣
ϵͳػشһЩһ˵㣬ΪûֳʱҲ֣ܽõȵҵֳӣȷԸˣΪ˹ס
һֵˣѾѾܿʹ˵˵ţҾôڿ㽽ˮÿٷһÿ콽ˮһͿԿ㳤ҾͿлȥһɿˡ
ϵͳ
ңҺòһϵͳȻ׳հһ飬ڶûҲûĹܳ

ţȥҶɩԵġ
صңѾѾСԼԺӣԭСȻȥСϣСϸԵġ
˵ּ꣬ææܻԼԺ
սҵѾѾůʱѾѾѾңѾѾԺС԰ӣѾѾѧϰֲҩ
֪С԰ֵĶǲҩһЩϴʱͶȥֹġ
һܵС԰ȥ
ѾѾӳʱ˷ܵسѾѾѾѾ㿴ҩֻˡ
𣿡ѾѾҪæ֮࣬ǰҪæ£Ҫɽģɽ˵ɽһ𿾺ԣѾԼ԰ﻹŲҩ飬˵ӿŲ˹
ȶ̣ϴ·ֶ࣬Щء
ӵͽϴһѾѾ̫ˤ߹ȥǣѾѾ֣ߡ
ѾѾһߵ԰棬֣ŵϵĲҩϲ˵Үҩñ֮ǰïʢˣֻˡ
ҲǼҲԸЩҩȻõȥ𣿡
ǻǵѾѾ˵ǼҾ˲ҩӵġ
ҲҪסѾѾôƯլ档
ѾѾϵͳ˲ҩ֮ǵ֮һл𣿡
ᡣϵͳӦ
ѾѾ˷ܵظսҵ˵ûǿԻȥЩҩǿȥҵĵһŲҩߣȻȥɽһĲҩٰλؼȥ֣žͻԽԽˣɽܿͻɽҰģҪʲôǿңҿԽǡ
ȻûʶԼǸ׳ա
ϵͳɨһ۵ĲҩѾѾղ˵Ҳûʲô̫⣬Ϊ֮ǰѾѾڻĶһЩ׷ֳĲҩ
һֻ֮Ҫ**϶
ҪֲʱעٲȥչһɽȻҪÿһЩֳҲһЩ
˶֣ʱѾѾһЩӦעӦҲġ
սҵϾֲҩӣӸԶǳˣСӾͿʼڵڲҩ
ѾѾҲڰæŵϵĲҩתתһЩ顭
⻰о΢˳һЩʱӦÿԻָɸǰһˣʮ㵽һ£ϰ˵


181 Ͳ

ոһ˵ĻȻͳսҵ˵ֲҩֻǼ֪Ǿֻܸߴ󷢸ңңң˶˵
ҲǸһֲҩӡ
ѾѾȻСУ֪һǲϲղҲкܶûа˵ԼôɵģǲҲˡ
ѾѾ뷨ϵͳûʲô⣬ûȥ
ѾѾСԺֵĲҩ಻࣬ɽϱȽϳĲҩǳǰһģЩһЩ
ÿһ꣬Ҳ˶ѡ
ǸںãСϾͶ˼õĽӸԹ
ѾѾȥСӵʱ˵ˣʪģˮԸһ㣬ģŲóԳһӵˮ
սҵӸոջ׳־ŵȵҩ֮ҪϽؼȥүү˵ɽȥڲҩУȻŵȵζ֮Ծȥϴֹ
ȻСԺСǰԹԵá
պŴ׳ԻӺóԣǳ
СϻһС׹ѾѾֱ˸ȣպЩ׾ؾ׽š
սҵӱѾѾһЩܹʹÿӣǶÿӼŽӣպ˴ٳԡ
һγԵӵǣҸ۾
óԣóԣѾѾǼҵĽʵ̫óˡ

ѾѾԺɽһ书Ļȭ
춼ȭֻϵͳһֱ˵òãѾѾЩɥ
ϵͳһһҲȭˣṦ
Ҫһһ˵ĹЩһ߱ڵģȥϾͷöˡ
ϵͳ˵ǸѾûṦˣ̳ҲҲṦ鼮
ϵͳһ۴ɽ˵Ĵɽ壬ѾָһˣǰͻṦĻӦþˣ㡣
ϵͳû˵ѾɽṦѾѾԼȥɽͨ
ѾѾɽȻṦҲû룬ܹȥڳԿĴɽԲ۾ɽ壬ṦԽҪѧṦúӡ
ɽԴѾѾҾ˺ǿĺԣϵĿóһ룬ѾѾĻ˶٣̧ѾѾ˼Щʲô
ѾѾ֪ɽʲôֻڴֺؿŴɽ
֮󣬴ɽ˵ͷᣬҿԽ㡣
ллɽ壬Ҫ꿾ſʼѧṦ𣿡
ѾѾߵɽ࣬ѧŴɽӶ£һСһĿúںƤҧһڣŴɽ
Ūеڣ촽ҲǺڵģ˵ϣøСؤһ
ͬǳ˿ȴɸɾĴɽ˾˳ԵĶǲǲһ
ɽѾѾ˵꣬ϴϴ

ɽûԼôѧ书ģ书ƺ˿Ӱ죬ԽѾѾṦܽѾѾȭƷϵͳѾѾʽҪܶࡣ
ѾѾɽѧ֮󣬾ЩϵͳĽ̷ÿһ۾ɽ꣬ҪŴɽϰ䡣
˻书ֵָѾѾܿһЩ·ٶȱ֮ǰࡣ
ռҵļСӿѾѾɽѧϰ书ʱҲظŹѧͱѾѾ󣬻ûѾѾûѾѾԣǺ˺ܶࡣ

үӿԺŴɽѧϰ书ָ˵ѾѾ̾˵
峤˵Ļ㿼ǵôڶڴѾѾȥҵĵǼҵׯҲȻģǺҲḻԣĻڶˡ
ۼҾ¥ڶһЩЩ˻˵Ǽ˽ֻԼǿͬĴǡ
һϲڴӵĴ˵飬Щȥ˵
ʳ¥ⶼ½ˣЩϴ϶ǻү˵顣
үӳ˺ü졣
ߵӣЩôô㣬ѾѾŶôľͰأʱѾѾ˵Ҫô˶һʱҾӦֹŶԵġ
鷴Ҳǵһˣϴʳʱ򶼱ʲôˣңûֹȥҡ
үӡһ²ĴҲѾѾĴֻû뵽ĻôӶѡ
ڸ˵ˣǻһ˵ˣǻ᲻˵ǰæֶôӣһʲôֻⶫֲǲҪ˵ǹ˷ǵʱ䣬˷ǵĵˣ


182 ڱ

ǲ˵һ֪ǼҪģҲ˵粻ѶóҪȵڲ֪Լĵ׬ôӡ
ͨε飬϶Դ󲿷ֵĴͦʧġ
ү̾
˵е
ôԴϱǴͷЩȥǴǵġ
Ȳ˵ɣԺѾѾҪǵĵأֳҿǾ㲻Ҳûʲô峤ǼҶˣټۼԼֵģЩ͹ˡ
ֵЩԼóȥɣЩǺöҲõȥ
ү̸꣬ȥҴ峤˵ˡ
Ƭ̶뵢飬Щ˵ǼѾѾٱŵʱҪһѵ̬ȥǵĶġ
ܸӣֶѾ御ˣ飬Լɡ
峤үӵĻ˵ͷУһǵģҲֻܹԼ̫֣ǱЯǣҲЯ
ү̬ȣ峤Ӽᶨն˾Ǽҡ
ﰵһЩ񣺻á
Ȼ˵ʣֲֻʥˡ
ʱ͵һ¡
˵飬үӲû뿪峤˵һ飺ǵǼůʱǼҳԹĺ
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ùȥÿζԬѵõؾܾˡ
ԬС߻վһԬС˵껰֮Ͼվ˵ԬС㣬Ҳδ̫ˣǾ¥ǲǵĶһˣǼҵģ㿴¥ôҪôˣǶ֪ܲء
˵Ƿ˼һǮأȫǴӵΪԬСô߹ƽʱѾź
ԬСѾߣʱһ¯˵С㣬䣬ɣȻҪǶ֣ȥ÷֪ˣū澵ġ
ѾѾԬСһһһ仰ƶȥأɻؿԬСū澣Ȼ˵ɵΪʲô֣㰡ҪԼŪˣҵ׿϶ҵġ
ûҪõĶΪʲôҪţ


188 С㣬Ұ

ԬСû˵
СѾҲЩ£֪˵ʲô
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һѾѾ񣬱øӵӣ϶ʲôѾ߶֪ҲԣⱲӶѾźġ
СѾԬҵļӣڲԹɫģһ˵Ļܿû⣬һѾѾЦһ˵ôʲôɵӣ˵ˣҲ϶ģⲻ˷ѿˮ
˼˵Ѿˣ𱻼ȥ˵Ѿ߾ͦˡ
ѾѾݵмֻȥϻϣվ·Ȼϵͳ
һһǰСǱȥѾߵ˼Ǹ˵ѾߺܲǲǣΪʲô־úԺһʵ˵Ѿһܹٵ
ȥ֮ҪҪȥ˵һȥ˵Ѿߣ
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ϲСѾͷ˼϶ᱻ˼ҴģͺΪ֮ɡ
ϵͳشѾѾ⣬ѾѾͰעתƵһ
һĻѾѾգ۾ԻǼʲôʱǷ˵ˣ˵ҪȥУҪǷӣҵøϽﻹˡ
ѾѾ˵ú棬Լжӣ᲻᲻Ӱ׻Ǯ
һߡһԽѾѾеɵ⻹ҪҲǼҪǲôϿ¥
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ԬСűӣرȥ
ѾѾԬСˣҲߣҪȥ׼ǲǷ˱˼ҵӡ
ȻһǰιѾѾһգۣ͵ǰ
ɫǺ죬òǳ
ʵѾ˺һˣղŶվڱϣһԬСǸѾѾ˵Ļ
ԬСҪˣæӿٶܹ
ѾѾǰȺȻѾѾԴ̧֣˵С㣬Ұ䣬ղôĻΪˣӦǵģҪ÷֪ЩHǻҵġ
˵ĻոǸѾ˵Ļࡣ
߸ѾѾ̧֣࣬ѾѾš
ϴЩθĵ顣
ֺУѾѾú۾һᣬ˵Ļʶػصûµģһȥ˵ԼܳģûйϵͲ˵ˡ
һԬСڱš
һеŤŵؿѾѾŭ˵˭ΪʲôС㣿
ѾѾһһգһ£޹˵ţǼҵѾ߰ȥģ棬һʮĸ˻ؼңеȥ¥æˣеڼ׸ɩӵæ
ܵܣȥѧöˡ
ܣܣǼôˡ
һܾѾѾĻղųЦѾѾǼôͺȻʮĸˡ
ԬСɫҲѿղŵĽڵȻ޴档

ѾѾ֪Լ˵ĻһԬС˶Ĵ̼еûڣûʼȥ棬׷ˣԹؿŶ㣬ô֪ҳ˵ģ
Ц˵СǽʱҾͿˣĻŵС㣬Сǽϵûгˡ
ѾѾ
ѾѾؼˣܿ˴ѾѾҶ˵顣
ڴĿû̫ĲϾѾѾҶסôլӣôľ¥Ҳ⡣
һ˵Ҫ顣
ϱϲҲΧŵĶǱȽϽĴ񣬴Ҷü
˵ϵǮզȻͲǵĶأҪǲˣҪȥôߵļ۸񰡣
֮ǰǻúõ˵վͲգѲǵˣ
˭֪Ǯ˭ҪһȥһɣôֵǮҪǲֵĻɾͿˣҪûգҲǿˡ
⻰֣ǰˣ


189 Ļ󶫼

Ϊ£
ѾѾߣص֮ŶȥõĵģĹ𻨸⣬ɽ髸֮ģǰܰЩֻڸϵͳ̳ǶһɿЩζͺһˡ
ûʲôθڵ߽鷿
ϵͳ˵Ļ̳ﻹкܶʳɿҪóԵģ;ҪúѧҽҪϽԼҽȥȼˣ໻ֲС
ѧҽ˵Ҫѧþѧá
һ仰򲻴⻰ѧҽǺʲ
ѧÿˣѧòھ˵ʱ򣬾׳
пܾͻᵼĽ
ΪѾѾܶѧϰϵͳ˵ʵβ⣬ȥôѧôֲҩҸҲǿԼ㹱׶ȵġ
ھȥ˵ҳȥ̴峤ֲҩȥ
ѾѾֵһվ
ѧϰȻǿ̴ֲҩȽϺ档
ѾѾŵŵŵسſȥ˼ҩѾսҵӣӦûȥ˵ˣֻҪȥ˵С

ѾѾܵүӵԺӣûнžͳɤӴ󺰣ǽڿԺ棬Ժûˣյܵ鷿ſڡ
үӽջ磬һ鷿Ľҵ׼ϿҪõݡ
ѾѾƿӺĴ̽ͷȥԺѰѾѾӰѾѾ֮ѯأȽ˵ɡ
ѾѾÿëëغʱ򣬶ȻлҪ˵ġ
үӶѾѾǲˣϵĶ鷿ſ߹ȥ鷿š
Ÿһ򿪣ѾѾһһܽȥѾѾܽʱ򣬹Юһ硣
үӽסѾѾٱܽСС壬һְֻ鷿ŹϣѾѾŵޱϣ˵Ѿͷ֪𣿻ȥˡ
ϾҪ붬ˣһһ䡣
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㿴ǲǺܺã
ĻѾѾղүӵʱ뵽ġ
ϵͳ˵ˣҪñȥµĻҪһֵܳɣñ֮󣬾ȷʵӦС
뵽ǳֵɡ
үѾѾĻ˼һᣬص˵ͷУҴȥ˵ȥһˣ壬¥ǱӦܰ齻ȥˡ
ˣʱҸŵһȥ죬ǿ˳ȥɻ˶
ѾѾүӺ϶ȥ˰塣
ڴˮ˵ӶؽˣΪ˷ҿԻæؽڰѷӽýһЩ͵˴ƬƬĿյس֡
үӸѾѾһȥ˵֮󣬰Ĵ峤ֱӾѾѾ˴ڴһƬլء
ѾѾҪ֣ܵô峤ȫ˶˹ϵĸСģܸɻ⣬ӵ˶ѾѾյڡ
ʽ֮ǰѡежǣֱӲĽȥļ๤ĹѾѾŻȥǸ𣬻ͼֽ
ѾѾǳЦ˺һϵ׼ǰڵĹĵػؼҵŻֽˡ
Ҫһ£һס˵Ĵ£ŸտʼϢʹ˳ȥ
ÿӶ˵顣
ռҴҲ⡣
ӵĴ£ЩĹĴǣ໥Լ֪Ϣ
˵ǸÿɴˣԺרӹĸƷ˼Ĵȥɻÿ춼йǮн𣬹ڵĻн񣬻ʲô٣սĶǽĽ
Ҳ֪ĸǮ˿ǸզͲǴأ˵ǴֵģȻٴȥأҪͽǴǶ뿪Ӿÿ춼׬ˣɾ̫ˡ
˲˵˭ǿ֪ǴȥæҵǶȥæ˵ģҲǻ֪
֮ǰȥѾѾҳůʱǲҲó˺զ֪ڴ￪㷽أǰզûôСۣôûͬģ
Ŵ˵òʱ򣬴ϲֿʼ˵Ż


190 Ѱ

ѾѾڼ֮ǰǸһģڼ֮ǰΪ϶ĲӣǼǷ˲ٵծ˶ѾѾǼǶ硣
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ڴɽķ棬ֻˡ
ɽѾѾ˼һᣬ˵ҿ书
㻹ʲôѧģҲ԰ҷӹ㡣
ԸѾѾõķӣҪӡ
ѾѾ°ͣԴתӣ˼ɽ˵Ļ˼Ƭ̣ڣֻҪ书ʦˣĶѻҵġ
ѾѾദ˰£ɽѾѾἰеѣѾѾĿ˵ǸƺܣʶŵѾѾǸѲ˺棬ѾѾҿԼһǸѣ
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һһ˵ñ֪ģȻͻʧ
ʵһһû˵ǣҪ֪ǸһϵͳһһʧѾѾҲʧ
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ʵϣǾҲ
ѾѾ˴ɽܴæȻѾѾ˵ѲˣɽҲûֻסѾѾѵ顣
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ѾѾСӣŲ˴ɽߣûйͷСһڴɽϣ˵ɽ壬뿪ܲǼסһʱ߰Ǽڽˣȵ֮Ҵȥòã
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뵽ĽϣѾѾЩġ
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ӡˢҲУֻڵӡˢзչĿռ䡣
ָ֪֮ԼݣеҪ֪Щ
ѾѾѾѴɽԼһȻ˵õģȻϵͳִֽͭӡˢķд

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ҹҶ˯֮һ˽˴ɽķ䡣
ӣ٣ӳͷ
ҪѾѾռҵ϶ܹϳɽľǻ
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ǣӡ
ӹɽݹȥĶɽ˵˼仰תȥȥʱСذɽš
ѾѾķڣϵͳһ˯ѾѾֳĬ
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ѾѾŶڼһҼҾϷȥȥʱæ׷ȥס϶ĴȣֽŲõҪ
϶ΣֻܱѾѾ
аɣҪȥҲԣǵ֮ܡ
ѾѾȥ壬ܱڴﱻԵĺá
㣬Ҹȥˣڼžɡ
ѾѾ϶Ĳӣ嶡ӻ֡
ûӦѾѾĻܵѾѾķ˸Լı˸ѾѾȵˮѾѾĵģѾѾƴ飬һ׿Իϲ·еſܱأ嶼סظ϶


191  ޽

լӲһýôƸУֲͬķԺ֮Ķ
ｨľһƽ
ǵ棬Ķƽַķ䣬ÿԺĹ᲻һ
ʱҪɹƽ滹Χ˸ԺӣԺƺܶļӴʱרɹ
Ū֮ܶ˻æɻǰģӵģҪǸԶһģӼػ㡣
Ϊ˽˲ٵéôéʱҲŲ϶ӡ
вˮ䣬ʳã֮
ð廮ǵĵعϵͳͼֽ͹滮úȫ档
ѾѾ϶ȥʱмĴƽѾһˣѾѾСҡ
ѾѾͦϲƺǵҲǱ˺ңȻкܶܶӡ
ҲҪкܶܶӡ
˺ЦеصͷֻĸҹѲһ
϶ں濴ţ̿Դ
㣺㿴С㣬ʲôΣյ顣
վֱصͷӦǡ
϶˿̵Ľ⣬Ҫæһɻ
ѾѾ˷ܵشŶ㵽ܣȥ֮ǰڴʶС顣
һһʮҵСаĸӡ
СֳԴãǰʱ䣬ȾߵʱǵһȾѾѾκǣǾ͸ѾѾѡ
ӵĵǶڰæҲҪæש顣
ѾѾ϶ˣ͸æվ֣غѾѾ
Цøɵһ
ӵĵש飬Ƹӵļ򣬴˵ȥСǴﵽߣǵñȥǽ߾ͺá
ǣСңɣ֪Ǵʲôط档
˷ܵѾѾȥ档
ѾѾҲЦţͷŶ׷ȥ
һ·ţѾܳ棬Žܹȥ
ѾѾ弸Σһʱ䣬֪Ӵǳ˴ˣʸӣ㲻˵Ҫڴ𣿿Ѿ˴ˣҪȥİ
һȺ˺޴ӣҿǴӴЩֵĶǿȥ档
ָָԶĴ
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ֻʪյشӴһһĶҲ֪Щʲô;ƺҲرصӣ滹մˮһҲܰᶯһ
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еһ˼ңڽ췿ӵʱ򣬻õʯɰ
ʯɰʵʯҺɰˮİֶͳɱǷǳ͡
ֻǣȻ̽һܴ㣬ǿȲǺܺãѽЩǳߴĽֶǲڳʪĻʹõģˮС
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һַŴɰ죬ŴɰŴ׺ʯҽһֻǰŴ׵ʯˮУȻڽ֮ͻǳǿճԡ
ȵһַҪϺܶ࣬ɵĳǽǳι̣ϵͳѾѾ˵ĵĳǾַģַʹûиֽˮĹŴɿԽķǳι̣õᵹ
̰ӵʱŴɰĿǰõһѡֻǳɱߺܶࡣ
Ķι̣᲻벻ôױεĲŶԡ
֮£Ӧòô׵ؾͿԴӴӴѶʱܹεӡ
һһǰЩ֮ǰ޵̰ӵ𣿡
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һһڿЩ˰ŵĶʱҲЩɻӦͦҪһˣһ޵ģ
´ʱҪǲ̰ӳˣǿˡ
ĵعȥ
ϵͳƵĹ£֪ڵΣգѾѾҪСһȥܱ˷֡
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ѾѾ͸ڴ˺ܾãȵЩ˰˶źã뿪ȥǱߣС߹ȥû˿ǵʱ򣬻һȥ鿴Ķ
ϵͳһֱɨΧĻҪע⵽ǾѾѾ뿪
ӻһЩˮ


192 ͵

ſһЩũ׳ƵϿ飬мЩɰʯѣȫװɰʯҪᡣ
һһװ֮ǰӦþֱӰЩڴ棬ֻҪһ˶׵˶ˣ˵ˮλĸˮѹˡ
һһΪʲôЩӰһˮͻᱻ𣿡
ѾѾ뵽֮ǰˮʱô˶ˣ;Ӻܲ
ϵͳҲŪôˣѾѾ˵ΪԸʡӣ͢ǹ̶ôģڽ̰ӵʱʡһЩôϵӾͻһЩķ˴ˮǴеõĻҲࡣ
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ϵͳֻѾѾ˵ˣҪǳȥ˵ᱻץߡ
汻ץУҪȥĻԼġ
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Ӽﶼûʲôӣһ˵ץˣҪǮȥ˶ˣ׷׸ѾѾ֤϶ȥҽġ
ѾѾûи϶ϵͳ˵ģȵɽ֮󣬰ɽ˵ˡ
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ѾѾһ˴Ȥ˵ǺССģһ㶼֮ĳƺҲ˵һתܻ鷿ȥĽдš
ҪĽ书ˣǽúԺȥ£Դһǽ
ҪĽԭЩߵ鲻⣬Ϊģ鱻ˣһæġ


193  ϲ

ɽȻˣҲûл
ѾѾ˼죬ʵͬʱҲ˴ɽҵ书ʦ
ϵͳ˵˴ɽһǸ书֣ѾѾͰѶԴɽ뿪ȫתΪѧϰ书Ķ
İڣѾѾÿ춼ʱѧϰ书ʱѧϰҽҽ书١
Ϊ̫æµûô߳š
ЩһʼڷѾѾȥصˣ
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ȥɻĶǸѾѾͻСǴʳͣԲȥ
൱һ·϶ûԹŻġ
ϸСǵ֪ѾѾˣæϵĻȥջԵġ
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ѾѾڳϣ۰Ͱ͵ؿʳﱻŵϣȻӾͿʼسš
ڱϿѾѾԶӣָС˵ûоѾѾƤԽԽˣ
ȷʵƤۻ۵ģȶҪˡ
ѿûˣø˵˵ȥѻѾѾӣŮӻǶѵغá
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ѾѾ̧ͷһ˫ԲĴ۾ϣͷһЩϲѣģܺóԡ
⺢ӣϱѾѾЦһЩתȥɻ
ѵһЩöЩȥָ峤ǡ

һգ۾͵ʽŵӣΪĸ˹ϵûãѾѾˣų˴峤Ǽ⣬Ͳ˹ȥ
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ռҴ֪ŵ˲٣ϱдϲǸԼãҪһȥ֡
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Ĵ϶ϲЦݡ
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ϱֺǺǵĴ񣬱ӵ˵š
ϲڱϵͷǿĲɣҲ֪ʲô
ۣһ˴ûþܿǽʵש߷ƶϵͳŪģҲϵͳִĹƸƷϵĴլӿŶҪɡ
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200 ϳ

ϲڱ֣˱ϼĹ
ĶûһҪˮˣ˵ﲻ˷ѵ𣿡
ĶǸǮˣͰǴء
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СֻȺں棬Ĵ񿴵һСҡԱһÿͨ
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ϱҲע⵽ѾѾؿѾѾ˵ôʲôط㣬СС;ôϲ֣ŪøƵģҲ֪ôģһ㶼Ȳһ
˵һع˹ǣһŲĳЩɶ¶֪кһܣģԺ󳤴ˣƶû˸ȢҲͱμ޸ʲôˡ
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201 

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ҪǼҲҪ뽨ģҿ϶ҲûİΪʲôҪڰ壬͸Ƿһ
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ѾѾ룬ڰ֣߰ɸ߰ɣߣҵĴӣҲҪӰ顣
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һοкܶ鲻ѾѾҲϵͳͰϵͳ˵Ļһһʮת

齻꣬ѾѾŶ浽صתơ
ǵһνһһôִ֪ͼֽѾѾģһ·϶ݵؿѾѾźѾѾʱҲøӵؾľ
ˣҲҪĻҲԸ㻭ͼʱҸһҪÿòã
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202 Ҫ۸

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һ죬ǼұǶǮˣǾͻõһˣƾʲôǼĹϺˣǼһͣԭء
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203 

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204  Ҫȥ

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ãͦˣѾѾⱲȷ£үŴʱ
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ѾѾȥΰ׼Ҵ壬԰ļͥҲͦ˽ģһƻϸү˵ȥ׵ľ尲ţ¿еƻֿڣǰĵﶼˣҪȥأѲɻҪʿȰ𣿡
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ѾѾƻ
ûѾѾȥ׵һʱ̸֮ȥˣȥʱ䣬дʲôȥ
ѾѾص֮Ϳȥף˷ܵڴϷȥþöû˯ڶ죬ˣȥΣûܰѣֱֻӱŵϡ


205 ׼Ҵ

ʱ׵ʱ򣬴˼Ҷ׼һֻĴȥ
ΪĶżȥˣһֻ޲ȢΪһ㣬Դꡣ
үСͱʫ飬Ͼ;ϲԴ㴫飬ǰǼûӣҪȥһֻҲ¡
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˴⣬ƥģʳһЩҲʰ÷ŵš
׼Ҵڻ׵Ĵͣ£ǻҪϴǵţ
϶ҲʱѾѾѣǰڱʳë˲óʳŵĴͱȸԡ
궫ѾѾŷԼҵͣڴ棬϶ΪʲôأΪ練𣿡
룬ȻҲǶϵͳĹ¡
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ѾѾȻǵ׶ġ
绹ͼҪӣ϶ǲܷڵġ
ôˣѾѾٴηʡ
϶˵ҪȴʱѾѾ˫۷촽һûгԹ㣬óǰѴĴ󲮼֮ǲǾҪǱ߳ٻҪĻҪģҾÿĸӦöܺóԡ
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ѾѾԼԹҰԹҰãԹҰˣǲ֪ʲôζ
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Ĵĸһ˵ѾѾǵ⣬ʲôҲ˵ҲѾѾǽȥʹżļһѾѾǴĶȥȻֻҲȥˡ
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ԺżʺĳζͬʱһЩζζǴӳƮġ
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ĸϴöɫĳ·ͷϴһ׵ʵͷ档
ģϻŸҡҡģſڵϣֺؿѾѾǣ˵ð޸ǼҶҲǲУȸƸɣٸ󲮸ú
үӺΪԵʽЩ˴ϱ嵱ý˵ġ
ֻϱһЩȵϴȥ˴֮󣬾˳ġ
ҲѾѾվһ顣
£ӦǴϱϵýȥĴĸ̸µ顣
ֻǴϱ㶣ĴĸĻһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôΪѵؿүӡ
ϾûʨӴ󿪿ڹġ
үӺҲЩΪѣǾ嶼԰ˣǾǼҿ˰ζҪѰȢؼҵȥû뵽ĴĸһھҪôӡ
Ǽ־¥ſûãֽһʱĻòô
ףָĴĸһŮˣֻ˵ˣ̬Ⱥܺõؿڣ׷ˣǽȷʵΪҶǼҰ׵ģֻƸܲأǱ֤ѰȢȥ֮һġ
Ĵĸ˸ţϣŶȣЦӶûУҲȢֶŮǸ룬ȰǻǸϽ뿪ȻǸ˾Ͳÿˡ


206 ˰

ѾѾ϶ţվڰ󲮼ҵԺſڡ
ĴĸûǽȥҲþԼ߽ȥ
ѾѾ˫§϶ĲӣתͷȥĴĸ㲻ð޸磬ղΪʲôҪôżذǼҵĶȥҪǵĶȻҪҵ𣿡
϶ĪѾѾ⻰еԭĴĸ⡣
ռҵˣ
ǺȻʱѾѾ˵УЩ˴˵Ĵĸġ
ĴĸҡӣѾѾǵĳ𣿹׾һС˵ǿҼҰˣΪ۸ˣ
ѾѾͷţĵˣȷʵͺ۸ˣͿԱȥǲǣ֮ǰһӣǼˣֲǼڶס·ˣ϶˼ŮǼֶŮ˰ɣ
Ҿ˵˷ӣǸ󻵵
һһ˵˷ӾרСӣǶǴ󻵵ðĴĸ˷ӻҪǸ󻵵
Ĵĸ֮ǰͳ֣һԵ͸ˣֵƤͺ
ѾѾ˵ЩҲû˿Σ˵ţﲻˣȻʱҸ󲮸ʲô۸ҪòӵĻ͸Ͻ뿪ҼŪˣľЩˣģһһɳζ
Ĵĸűӡ
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һһĴĸÿıӿ϶ǳˣŻԺﶼŲԺļʺζ
ѾѾЩͬظϵͳ˵š
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ʱͨԸ˵

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Сһᣬĸռ˵ĻĴĸ˵ȻȢģ˰ɣΪһ޸ԱǮ˵Ѱ޳ȥˣԺǻҲˣҪ˵ЩʲôҲ˵ˡ
Сǰãа£һѾѾǶׯ˼ҵĴţҲûǼţʲôģ;ǿ϶Ǹˡ
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Цһ£ؿԼףڣΪ֮ǰѾлԼڶû˸Ȣˣܼ޳ȥϽˣǻԺ˵һˣǼЩؾǼҵˡ
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֮ǰҪԱĹӳ׵£ѾŪ˾֪һ˵һꡣ
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ϰסүӵ֣ҡҡͷȻ԰Ĵĸ˵ֻ˶ʮӣʣӣǻȥģϣͬ¶ȡ

ĴĸǲԸôѰ壬ֻаͲðԼ޵˼ҳԿڣûи£Ȼ
˵׳ɹˣŮҪзļ˳Էġ
ֻڲͷβѾѾǶûĸļһ˵ãǾͱ˸˳ȥ
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ֻҪһոӳǻܵĿ࣬ޱȵԹް
һжǰɵġ
ҡӣؿϵĶʮӣ˵ˣ˹ţ⣬ôණôԶһһĵ˼ң޹ȥ϶ûģӦˣ


207  

º⣬ֻҪǼ޵һЩ˼ңǼ޵ɽͷģ⡣
ϴ·üͷԺ󶼲ٸˣԼʡŵãʱ˵·ӻˣҪӡ
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ӻһƣӦ˵ǸƵʱԽӵ⡣
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ҲƵĲˣ˵ȻذκãԺܺõذѹסĲˡ

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⣬һЩˣᶹǰ˰ƹ֮ģһըĻƶ
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Ѷó֮ѾѾѳ˺Ķ϶
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ᣬͱѾѾһԺɡ
ôɺó԰ɣƽʱûʱ򣬻ȲҪţԵɴʱˣⶫģֲ̫ɣԽԾԽ㣬Ժɹ̫ʱ򣬳Ե̫ɽˣҶʱÿɿˡ
ѾѾܺõڹʲôϣԿ䡣
ȷʵǺùϣ׺ͬѾѾĻץһѺظɸҲ
ûһᣬ϶СͶ۸һݼҳһӽƹϹ
Ϊʲôķݣ϶ֻǾҲҪԶѡ
һ˽һ˵ζڰ棬мҳҲƽûеࡣ


208 лֽ

׵һοĶ
һ϶ڰζ¥Щ˵ֱϾѣ϶ۺͶŵǰ
֮䣬ڶ·۵
Ҷû˵
Ҳ̲ס˲֣֮ǳ
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϶̾˿·óӣרŸѾѾ׼ӡ
ߵѾѾߣְͣϵණ֮µص档
·ѾǧٴΣϰΪһ
׿ദǳǳЦЦ
ѾѾſϣؿףƯ磬ϲԺ𣿻иոյĶó𣿡
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ѾѾȵؿףƯôҶû˵Ư֪ʲô˰
̲סѾѾԴ㶼ֵôˣһܿ𣿡
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һһ˵ģ˶ΨͼģھǸˣҲҪΨͼļ̣ܶ׬ӡ
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Ҳû˵˭ȥ򹤻йǮġ
ŲǮͲˣĻ෢ӡ
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ǣˡ
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䣬ˡ˵ţ϶ѾѾԴ´
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š

ǸɻɵȻ죬ѾѾĹȥѴҺ˹
˵˷ֽ飬û˵꣬ϵͳʾлֽˣǵòա


209 ȥź

Ϊ˼ңͬʱҲΪףţÿ˿ԷֵһӣԺҵãÿ·ǮʱҲнҵԽãԽ࡭
ѾѾ˵һһ֮ǰ˵Ļ
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ҳʾǰ֣ѾѾʶֵģ֪λ֪ߵλλ֪
ԼӦòܵõλֵġ
ע䵽档
һֿԶһʮɿһٶʮǿԶԻһǧٿɿ
һһ˵ɿ̫ǻģСͼƬ˵СѺܳ
룬һһ˵ȶһʮɿɿ⣬̳ﻹʲôóԵģ
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ʮ⣬ѾѾûһἸ꣬ӳԵԲġ
Ľϲʵ̫ϧˣҾ⵰ҳԹóԵĵġ

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Ҷ˵СҶôôĻ
ѾѾ˴ӣӸ֪ܿ
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֪ÿ궬ʱ򶼿³ȥź֪ɻǺö
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ӿڣֽͣҶ֪ô£ӶˣźȻû֡
ѾѾø˵ĻҲ֡


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ΪʲôҪ±ˮͣ
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ллѾѾҿƯŮˡ
뻯ƨ
ѾѾǶ˵úȷ˵ͷҲΪġ
󣬲óһɿԼ档

صҵʱѾѾ˸ȥһ˺ɽ൰
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ɽ϶ƬûаƬ
ռңԺץԲصϷѾѾϾΧ˹
Сãʲô
СãǲˣΪʲôԶٷߣ
СãץԲأҪ𣿡
ѾѾźܶʳСֶΧö߲ˣߵشУǵҵ·ˡ
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˵ǵԴᣬȻѾ͵ö԰С
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С沼ʱϾֻʣ¼ˣһһҲû£վųˣŴỹҪȥɻġ
ѾѾ̱ϣΪſϣڴؿڳʳˣǣó𣿡
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ϴôϲʳˣҲͷʲôζǺãҾű֮ǰԹɿҪóԡ
ϵһγû뵽һҧȥͻһЩ۳æֽס͸ڼĸоǻﶼζ
ģģûкȹţ̣ûгԹͣһʱ֮˵ʲôʵֻúܺóԣóԣ
Ҫ鲻ôãڴŻҪʫһףһ¶ϲ
ͷѾѾ˵ķǳóԡ
Ҷ˵óԣѾѾͺܺãԺҪϵͳһһЩʳҷ
ѾѾ˲ٵ⣬ӵģȥʳ¥ﵱʦڳԵôóԵһ˵ⶫôóԣҪܹõȥܽǵӵȥġ
ѾѾȣ𣿡
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ִĲһѾһѵģҲʲôܣǹв׻ǲеģϵͳҲѾѾֻķѧϰķ׬֡
˲⣬ҪЩѾѾҪϵͳ̳Ƕһܶϡ
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211 ѾѾ

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212 ץ

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213  

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ҵ˵źʵͦģΪҪڶʱڣˮҰ䣬һȥ֮󣬾һݾһ졣
˵տʼʱ˵źźǿԳԵģҲǺԵȥģʱ򣬲ʳȱʱ
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ӵĻ³źӡ


214 ź

һ֪ʲôźҧһڣһ˿ͦ档
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ҪȥɩӸŴź
źʵҲôÿϾԼ룬ֻܿһźŪѾѾ·ѾѾЩź
ѾѾȥˣҪŻȥôɩŴźԣ߹ȥźֵĴ˵壬üźȥ𣿡
ҲкϹѾѾæĵ˸ѾѾ˼źźϴøɸɾŽѾѾ

ѾѾؼҵʱϵźӼ˼ʮ
ΪǺ˸ź


215 ɽ

صңѾѾȥϣҪϸŴźҪûй𻨣ֻǸŴźҲܽܡ
ŴֶǼûУֻܵȵȥŴ׻
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ھʶɽ𣿴ɽҲǴӾģ书Ҳܺÿܴ󣬶ˣɽмƵء
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ἰɽ飬ѾѾĽ˵˵⣬ʳ
ЩܺóԣԶ˾ͻᷢȣ֮ǰͳ̫ˣҵ˹ȥ㣬ٳԵ㡣
ѾѾڻһٶ֣Щһܶʳˡ
ƻԺ󵫷Ҫһ鼮ǶһƵγ̣Щһһ־ˣֻҪǸѧϰйصģһһֵġ
ԼĻŶһʳԡ
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ѾѾдţܳȥϡ
ŴźǿźУǼмеۣ϶źġ
źУܳźƬ
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ѾѾӾʣôźɺΣûȥȥʦ

ãվڴɽߣ㱨ɽ֮ǰȥ飬˵֮ǰȷʵסռҴ壬ֻǰʱСεǾ뿪ӣ˾ǡ
ڻڵѰҽϢ
ɽšüģ˾ǣĽǺˣ
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ĽǺӲûȥһˣ˵Ѱҽṩһ

ѾѾԺʦϰʦ͸Ľų
ǻʽֱ̡
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ǰϰ벽ϥ󹭲
ͬʱתֳֽǰƽֱ̣Ĵָһϡ
ָֽ֮ƽ٣ĴָһϡĿӽ⡣
ѾѾʦڱٴѣҪ㣺ȣʱǰϥƽŵȫȫŵء
ΣҪšתβҪ͹ɳҼǰ˳Ըڼ硣
ѾѾСӣŬذʦ˵ҪȻ˳Žķ򿴵ɽǼҵԺ档
ѾѾ϶½Ŵɽܹȥ
ѾѾʦɽʱʶضһ£Ҫ¹򣬴ɽȻɨֱ˽ţͷ
ѾѾһȥôɽ
ɽϵ
§ŴɽĲӣ˷ܵ˵ɽ壬ڻˣ̫ˣ쿴㱻õѺߣҪˡ
ѾѾʦԼСͽܻôǵ§λУڼһ飬ԼûжѾѾʲôرֵ顣
Ҫ֪λдûôеضԹĸ˵ģǶλ۰ڻǰҲûѾѾĴ
֪ѾѾж⣬жܳ衣
ѾѾ֪Լʦɽ֮ô飬Ŵɽס뿪֮ȥЩʲô
ɽҲȥץ𣿡
š
Ҿ֪ɽ̫ˡ
ѾѾݵؿŴɽ˴Ĵָ
ɽѾѾȥǰԺռƽʱûүӸϣɽѾѾأ
׿ںֲҩɽҪþȥǹ
ɣȥү̺
ѾѾɽţմӳϲ֪ʲô͵ԵľɣֱӷԸȥˡ
æѶȥԺ
ɽʧЦؿѾѾСֶʱһһӡ
үӺϺܿ͹ˣǿɽҲͦģæŴɽȥá
ɽѾѾ֮Ҳˮżɽ˵ҹձҪؾǣι˵˵ѾѾ顭
֣ѾѾ۾ɽ
˵ҵ飿ɽ壬Ҫ˵ʲô飿ѵҪҽҩǲøܶģҲѾ͸һӾˡ
Ҫҽҩѣ
øࣿ
͸һӾУ


216 Ů

ѾѾʦŹԼеˣôĻ
СͽܾȻʻҪҽҩѣһ˵Ų࣬һſȷʵҪһӣ
Ȼڻ˵ȷʵ࣬Ͼ֮ɲֵֻһӵġ
Ȼڻǰ˵⻰Ⱳ˴žСͽˡ
үӸϵѾѾһۣ˵˵ɽȻģκΣҪҽҩѡ
ѾѾӣιô˶ûҽҩѣҲ뿴ҽҩѳʲô𣿡
ѾѾڴѧҽʱ˿ﶼҽҩѵġ
ﶼûա
ڰκһӵ֮Ҳû˸ҽҩѡ
Ĺĵ˵ţҾһ㶼򡣡
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룬˻ȥô˺ӵ顣
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һҽҩѣѾѾ˷ֶܵԴɽ˴Ĵָɽ壬ãҵ׶ҪãõӣҾ͸ϲȥˡ
үӺϱѾѾ֧Ŀ־ðĬΪѾѾôСС;ôӻ
ǻҪȰȰɽҪҽҩѾѾˣɽת˻⡣
ҸѾѾԵ֣ѾѾҵľˣҹ˵ҪѾѾŮ飬ҪͬˣѾѾ£׵ʽԵȵȥ˾֮ھڲ
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ѾѾ֪ɵʲô˼ֻ֪ʲôͺѯʣɽҪҵĵҿҿǶֻһģǵ׾ֻҪһ˯ͺˡ
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֪˵ϣϻ᲻߳ŭؿЩ֪ߵͷ
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ҪǴɵȥ˯ˣǴɵĵܾͲĵ
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үӣ
ϣ
ɽ
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ΪףҲѾѾȽϹؼһˣֻȿڸѾѾͣˣɵǲһģȻҲǺûʲôϵģûʲôϵɵԼϱҲĸˣɵԼļңǲҪסһ𡭡
Ͻ͵ûףѾѾ֪ԼŪʲôֱȥϵͳ
ϵͳɵĺ֮ӦһãҾ͵ɽĸŮˣԺɽһˡ
ȻǵˣѾѾֱӱŴɽôһ
ɽıҲָԼ壬ѾѾ䣬˵ܺ壬ԺҪԼ˵飬øڵط߽׼ĹԱȥЭ㡣
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ˡ
үӶô飬ĳЩһУһӾͿɽšü˼ݡ
ͬʱԥǲҪѾѾɵĺãֻǾԣ׷
ȻӦˣҲݲڡ
ɽʦӸǹڣеãԼ飬Щϳ
СͽҡһɻϵĸŮˣԼھŮˣ


217 

Ȼ˹ʦ
»ȥ֮ԸʦֵǴüꡣ
ѾѾʦȫ±ţȻһǳߴϵݡ
ѾѾϴɽɵô
ɽҲߣѾѾˣһ书ѾѾʦһֱսսվһԿš
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ϣйŴźڱûй𻨵ˣȥϵʱܺõ˹ۣÿŴź
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ֻ֪Ҫһ²ˣ϶ѾѾѽǵġ
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ţó𣿡
óԣѲдңһؾ֮ԾóӸ
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ѾѾҵĲƽʱһ㶼ֻˣȻÿ˵㣬㹻ʮ˳ԱֲʣˣƵøոպá
ΪдɽϳʮˣѾǴ˰ھϯʱ߹
ʮˣزˣһŹź
Ĵÿ궼ȥźźУŹȴԲǴûԹźźŹҲϵͳѾѾġ
ŹǸź˺ܾãߵľֵ뵽۳һ顣
žʳָ󶯡
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˴ɽѾѾү§ţү˵һҪҪһɵǣҪҪܶܶĸɵкܶܶˡ
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ů
үð֡
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ĬĬ²ۣС˵˻ɵȻȥɵ

ʱһζĻƶˣǶջƶѾѾңľǴŴҲڵæϺϻϴ϶弸ڼæһ顣
׵ӾҪˡ
ѾѾҪԸǲýĳأϴ϶弸ѾѾԺ۲ġ
ѾѾȥ˺ܶС鲼ɫĶС
һһѾѾִĻǶϲһЩƯʻû񳡵أֻûô࣬ټǶ˶Ҳˣ˵ȥʻˡ
ѾѾһ鲼Щ
϶Ϊʲô㼸ɩǸЩǾϸˡ
ѾѾӵؿ϶ɩҪ׵·ҪǷ챻ӣ׵ģ𣿡


218 Сް

ɩǳ컹Ҫæ𣿡
϶ˣҼ
·Ҳֻûʲôġ
ҪĴˣġ
ŪܶܶĻѾѾֺȥҵ
һһ˵˳׻ŪܶܶɫƯȻҲԴϵͳ̳Ƕһֻ籾ûġ
ҪһӰһ»ܶ鷳
˸ǹҺܶܶĵ
Ūϲ
ƽʱʹִֽţҪֹϸտʼŪŪһ͵Сʱ۵޲ö²ȥģҲЩ
ԼҪ׵飬Ҳɡ
ѾѾȥҵ˲Լˣƨƨߵȥõ
ȻѾѾ֪ľʮŸ˶ĵʱɵˡ
ѾѾЩҪȥģ
ѾѾڵһĺӳϣЦе˵ţǰȫҪȥ˵ˣʮ˼ǳþãԺóþõġ
ҪǾŰپʮŸĻӺãֻԬʼҵ˵ˣһʱ֮򲻵ôôĴҪĹ˾;ŰپʮŸǼҾͻúӵˡ
Ҫһ紵п֣ҾֻŪʮŸһˡ
ЩɶҪԹȥܴǷҪ쳤ؾõء
УѾѾһ·Ŀħ
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ѾѾ§ϵĲӣ˵ţԺܹþãҸعӣԬʰŪ˾ʮŸ粻Լȥ˵Ҫ
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ϰѾѾ·ãӵĳ̣һ䣺ף㵱õĿ϶Ҫ·ģ㣬ﻹɩֶҲᴩ·ġ
˵꣬·˵⺢ӳԽԽˣϵ·Ҫϴˡ
·ʱע⵽ѾѾ·ѾҪˡ
ѾѾϲؿϣҪˣǲǺܿͿԸһˣҾվժϵĹӳˡ
ѾѾ϶ȥɽժιӣ϶ԲϾժĹӣѾѾĽˡ
û·ѶǽӷҲûֱӼѾѾ⺢ӳ̫ˣ·ֻܿ᲻ϴ侭·һЩĵطţȵˣٷųһ㡣
ҲʡһЩ
ѾѾĻЦЦǣܿͳˣܿͱˣʱɱˡ
ѾѾתϵСȣԴϵĴϣɵЦţû£ҳˣҾͿԱˣһԱ׵ȥ棬͸ױұһ
С沼Ľؿϣֲö˵Ů׵Сްģſɲ𰡣Ľˡ
ѾѾɿϣȥһһ˼ɩӣ˵ɩǲĽԺҲҲǣȥ棬Ҷȥ

ѾѾϷЦ׸ɩӣߵ϶ǱߣӲһ²Ľȣߣ˫ֻأؿ壬ҡͷ磬̫ˣƽʱһ书Ҳϣ㿴һӾ۵ˡ
üëһ۾һɣѾѾѧ˵
ѾѾ壬ֶ׵ߣԺҪ𣿡


219  ӭף

檣
²ɵ˵ѾѾһϱȢˣⶼ۵ðûˣȢϱҲûˣ
Ҫ˭Ҫ˭ȥɣҾС
ͷҡø˹һ
ѾѾŶһ
Ȼϵͳ˵ѳ׵ʽŪøһЩĿϨ޸檵ͷԺǳҲҪŪôӣŪñӲС
ֲǸ׵ʱѲ񶨵ôߣˣûгѪĸоɱߣͻˡ
ѾѾԼࡣ

ʱȥ׼飬ڵʽ׵һ졣
ϰףҪҳ޵ģǰĴһƸ֮󣬾Ϳʼˣ˵ѾȥͲǼҵˣ˵ǼޣǸô顣
ܷܷѾѾҸһʱ䣬˵Ľ黹֪˰ȥ˳
һʼѾѾŮģڵ֪ѾѾѾ˻ϵĸŮ֮͸ı⣬˰Ů
ȻвһЩɣҲϲѾͷ
ֻ绹ûаҪЭܶ飬綨ǳٰ֮졣
գ֮գʹš
ſŵƽʣϺò֣ܶ˶ſΧۡ
˵˸Ůˡ
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˵ĸŮҪ޵˾סڸĴǸׯ˼ء
ǰɣʲôׯ˼ҾȻôã
֪ǰ׵ӣ׶ҪȥռҴռҿЦ
ҲǰĴĸӴȥռҴ壬ֱӴϹȥƲҲû뵽ǰȥʽ֮ǰȥһ۾ˡ
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ĵ˯ʱ򶼻˰ɣĵЩӦҲܸ˵İɣԺǿҲܹϹϵˣҪҵǸöð
˵ĸŮû˵ˣҲǸˣĵû⸣ˣܾͱˡ
Ŀ˵úͶ룬ҲСϵļ˶
ȥֵ˿ɲ٣˵ֱһҲǸմģЩæԴЩŲӹ
ҿ˵ˣǹﻹһ󲮣ﶼûˣɲҪǼһˬӦþһˣԺɸˡ
ԣһ˵ˣǰ׼Ҵˡ
ֵԽԽ࣬˵Ǹոսʱûп˵ˣ¥ĶҼϲ£¥ĶҿɲǸ
ŮҪ޵Ҳ⸽ˣ˵Ůò޵ľʳ¥ĶҰɣ
ҵǼǵʳ¥ٶڵڶǸǻû׵ģǸеġ
¹ʳ¥ҵ飬мŲӹԼ֪顣
˵ˣĸŮҪ޵ռҴȥʳ¥ĶǲҲյģòɣ
Ҫʳ¥ĶҿɾͲˡ
֪ʲôʳ¥Ķұ͸Ĺϵܺã˼ҼСŮɸĹŮǺѡ
ҲЩıѿЩЩǣЩʣš
ĸ˫ģ
ֻд󲮸һң
׼Ҵģ
Ҫ޵ռң


220 ǹղҵ

ǰ׼Ҵģĸĸ˫ֻʣ´󲮸һݣ컹Ҫ޵ռҴ塣
ûװ޵˽ʲô֣ռҴģкܴĿհ׵ġ
ЩƺǺϣǲܵģôܳĸŮ
·ҡͷܾġ
Ҳ֪ЩʲôСŲ˹ˣæ߹ϵĶƺãõСԽŵ¯ϡ
ĹװŸռӹ㣬̣ҪǱ̵ˣƤǿ϶ģصĿƤᱻˣȥ˰̡
ӱϣǸȫ룬ֻҪͲᱻ̣ǰµѾߣҪǰеʲôˣ϶Ū
ǣڹ˹ʱ򣬻վڰǰ
Էⷢ
һֱ飬ȻһӰعһ۰ң˵ߣȥռҴ塣
ǣˣԵĿˣ𣿡
ҿϵĿ㡣
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ѾѾ⺢ԽԽƯˣһرи˼ҵʣ⿴ǸЩӲһƣôô۷۵ģžһһ£ҿ⸽ӣûܰѹġ
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ӣ˵ǸôӵУҲˣ⼸ӣһһõģѾѾִֿɰǽϡ
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ٳѾѾ촩·һˣҶջؼȥϱˡ
ϱҲڰæĸ˵УѾѾһĸԼĽ
ѾѾ˺üСҳԵĶڿҲߣһըûãŵµļᣬ߹ڴϱߡ
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ѾѾϱ˵ҪؼҵĻ
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æһôЦѾѾĻġ
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⺢Ҳ֪˵Щʲôˡ
СӾҪôϲЦ棬Ҫôϲпա
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ѾѾܹȥüȵĶӿ죬ˬӦţǣٳһǾͻߵġ
˵ţһڣһֻϻᣬҲҧһڡ


221 ·ץԲ

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ѾѾˣֹɵӦţǣһһЩģھͿԶԼǲǣ
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ף϶ǼǰȥǱ˶ʮֻǱˮ࣬гǸô棬Ψһ˶һӡ
󣬶ҲƽʱֻϵĴ˼ҲŻżԳԣҲ࣬ڰ棬ĶҲࡣ
ȥһЩû󣬻ܳԵģܳԵģֻжʮ
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ռҴĴ񼸺ûгԹ⣬˵ˣɱѶɱãֹסϣɱ֮ҲǸ𣿡
ϻش𣺡ҲУѾѾóԵĳԷʲôնġ
ʵѾѾģ˶죬ѾѾ϶ȥһֻն
նпһӾͱռ˹ϷˣүӶ˲٣޲ڡ
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ѾѾĿ¯ѾˣúܴþͿЩԵġ
ѼǶ죬ʲôģôϱǶöЩˡ
߶ҶԽϲڴС͸˵ˣѾѾСڳ궫ܳȥˡ
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ѾѾ滨·棬·￴һᣬѾѾѾӻڴϵҿͷİֿĴ룬ܵ棬ЬӾڰ
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ѾѾڸʲôôܽˣ
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ѾѾӦ׽Բذ㣬Թû˵ҪһʱܳԷģûԹĻҪˡ
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ҡͷһ뵽ͷϴĶס˵û˵첻ܳԶõȵ϶ʱܸһԷ
׵Ĺضһһŵļʱ磬Ȼӽӹȵõļʱˣͳãˣڷɻ
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˵ˣǳ׵ʱҲôģھôǾĹػҪصġ
ѾѾûɹףԺҲף֪˵öԲԣֻ֪ƾһ֮ı䲻ʲô
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ĶˣټҲʲôعصˣҲ֮ǰǴθӳ׵ʱ򣬻ǽܳˡ
ӹѾѾɿֱ档
һֱûгԵʵ̵ģһһ㣬Եûʱ򣬾ͻӶ
δظɿڿǻζѾѾ𣿡
ѾѾѾûɿˣȻ˵ͷĵϵͳ̳һһϡ
ڳŵ⡣
⣬С˵ѾҵˣѾѾϽϵıӰԼ
ӵԶĶ˶٣εؼԵ⣬Ҳû˵ʲô
˵·ıӲñģѾѾӦòһѾѾỹҪͯӵģѾѾǰһӦò
ѾѾѾжͣӦҲģ
֨һűƿ߽ӵµ滨ҵ滨ˡ
Сأ
꣬ɿķò˵ɩãҵСþͳȥˡ


222 ˳

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ɶЦ˵СڱӺ棬ҵˡ
ѾѾʧƿӣ˵ô֪ģ

ĬĬĿһĻѾ˵ʲôˣץԲصʱ򻹻ᷢЦ˹ġ
ѾѾץˣСʯͷѾѾץˡ
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ܷܷǸӭ׵ĶһˣԼʹˣܸѾѾһȺС棬ûв뵽֮УǸ滨ĽӻѾѾķ濴ѾѾϵͳŪĻ
ѾѾҪȢϱǴ飬ʱǡöϣҲ˹
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㶣ؿųܷܷŵŮ


224  ɵ

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ԼӣԼҪҡ


225 

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ɩĥ֥ɣ˵Բ֥ǷŻͺܺóԣֱԲǿҲУζҲܷźϹϡ͸Բ


226 Ԭʳ

е£ŽɵؿѾѾôʲôŵԲ棬ܳ𣿡
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иָԲģŴٵģѾѾԣ룬˵Ҫǽʱ䲻ģǾ׼ڵİɣԲˡ
ʳԲѾѾǾԲˡ
㰡εص˵ѾѾԴ
ϰԲʱѾѾҲҪæ
ѾѾϴԱߵʱ洫Ԭʵ
ѾѾǳȥɣǴڼ̫ˣҴȥɽϴԡ
ԬʱŹ߽
ſڵӰ׳˲١
ѾѾ̧ͷȥڣڼǲǶֻųԲ˶ˣȥҪˡ
Ϊ׼ѾѾǿصİ̫˾ͻòġ
Ԭںذڰ֣û£ҪǲҾٳЩһͺˡ
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Ԭע⵽ѾѾǰаɫһŵĶϻһӿܺóԵڡ
֪ڣϾڸ
һ⣬˲ԼոҪѾѾģ߹ȥһƨѾѾߡ
ѾѾһСŴ˵ڰԲ֮ܺóԵġ
ԬҲҪȥŴţҲҪŪ
ѾѾƲһԬʵ֣У̫ˣҪϴ֡
Ԭӣ˵ȥԼҨˮϴֹ
ѾѾûڰԲϻõŴһ仨ӣԲҪŪɻ𣿡
ǣ˵ԲŪɸͨԲһԲľˣԼġ
ҲҪ棬һһһġ
ԬʲϵˮһŴϹһ״
ѾѾһۣԲ״ģҶ󡣡
ŪûҵĴҵǲһġ
Ԭǵһţú𾢡
ѾѾ룬ֿһԬʵţǴ˲١
ҿŪ򡣡
ѾѾһԬǿ黹Ҫడ࡭
ʮˣΪÿ˶ܳԵԲһܳԵþˣϺ˺ܶŴ׷ۣ׼ܶԲġ
̧һ˵ҪæСѣѾһȥˡ

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ԬʿԼűѾѾŻҪСִŴŪ˺ܶŹӵԭŵĴС
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ѾѾԬμ֮ʵ򶼲ˣǶԼҪȶԷĴһ㡣
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ѾѾ󻨶䡣
Ԭʼ״ҲĶŪһŪúóѾѾһۣ˵Ūëëó󡣡
Ųëë档
Ԭͼëëϼ˳򣬼˽š
ŴųɹΪӵߡ
ѾѾ仨еۣҪЪϢһᣬԬʣôпյǼˣ㲻Ҫڼ𣿡
ԬƲͷȥޡһ˵Ųҽ㡣
ֹɤӣֹţǻˣŵ˵СˣǳúܣȥǵԺӴǣԼķޣҿŷɢĵġ
ѾѾǰʱŲٳ£ƶ˵ţ϶Ϊ׵ʱ̫ˣŸ檣ǰ죬Լ˺ܶ飬۵ö檵ˡ
ﶼˣٳһεģҲѾˣҲˣеѹ֡
ҪͻȥװСӤһ֪СӤжෳͲҪСӤˡ
ҲԣѾСӤˣҲܾôҪɣҳߣ϶ͻżˡ
ΪԬʱĺùۣѾѾʾ֭ذŰ취
ọ̈̄ĬĬؼԲŬװʲôû
ԬʵͷҾסңҵȥҡ
ҵȻɩȥʰ䡣
ȥɽϴ԰ɣҺþûȥǵĺɽˣȥҰҰˣȥڸ塣
ѾѾһһܲȥɽϴԣһһ˵޴඼ˣȥɽϻǱȽϰȫġ
ʹӦԬʣԣǲץǣǵ˶Ҳǻݵģ
һһһοԱˣ˵ôûʵˣ


227 ҲȢ

һһѾ²ۡ
ϾԼǸˣ͵С˵ͺܲˣ͸Ӳٸָָġ
ҲûдѾѾԬ˵
ԬҳҲһεˣÿζסǼңԬҵֻҪɵڼҲԬʵʱ򶼻ҵǼ
ԬνҳҲûʲô󰭡
죬ܶ˶ѾѾˣⲻС溰ǡ
ѾѾԬʱǸסһ˳ȥ
һŪֵֹŸϡ
̾̾ûŵľһɴʡ÷ž˾ͷӲˡ
滨ǸСһģΪѾѾܺõĹϵԬҲΡ
ڿԬʵʱҲСôؾн
ȥõĳǳԣһҼҾƺòãҽ˸ܺõľ籾
ѾѾﾭᱸһЩģ˵⣬Ҳж
ﲻִŪţ̻̣ѾѾ͸˵ÿȶܺãڲȱӵ£ÿ춼ܴ󷽵ϺСﶹĥ˲ٵĶ
䣬ĥĶܷһ춼ỵ
ѾѾ;ѶϣСˣæȥɸһ˶
ԬѾѾҪҼҾƵʱʶؾģһģ˲־ðҼҾҲǲġ
ѾѾҵĵҲϵֵģǼԼĵ⣬ЩһһѾѾ˵̢
Ԭʾ;ѾѾҵĵԹóԵĵġ
ѾѾҾˣԺסǼңҲȥˡ
ŵģԬ׳־
ҪѾѾ춼ԵôóԵĵģŲҪؼȥǶԻĸŮ˵ԲЩĸ
ѾѾҡͷУֲҵĶӣֲҼĶӣҪҪһֱǼңҪɩ޸޸ˣֲȢϱ㲻һֱҼ档
滨ѾѾһ㣬ȽϿ࣬һЩ˵ѾѾֱۣ˵ˣŮҪ˵ģֻҪкӲҪȢϱ
ѾѾܣ˵ţҺҿӣȢϱҲģҲҪȢϱ׺鷳ģҾͲȢˣҾһֱ׹ˡ
滨ѾѾ˵ˣĽ˵ţѾѾ
Ҳ𣿡ѾѾ滨ԺӵʱҲ㣬ҲˣͲüˣҪǲ³鷳ĻͿȢϱ
滨˵ӦллѾѾһŬӣԺҲȢϱ׸ɻ
ԬʿҲˣҲҪȢϱҾͲһֱǼҪҵǼҵˣǼҵǶһֱǼ档
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ԬʸӿˣĿպܿͱҼҾƵϷ嵭
ѾѾİҼҾƸ֮ǰĽһĲһ
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ʵѾѾҲûŪʲôǽʬֻе¶ѡ
ԬʣвӲʬ𣿡
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ڵʲôģһɶ
ҼҾϷСĶرؽУڵڶһѹԬʶȥɽϴˣһϷ
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ҲҪ
ԬѧѾѾĶڱϱȻš
Ԭֺ壬ȻЩء
ΪԸԼѾѾٶȡ
үүˣˣ˱үˡ
ԬʿʼѾǿܹۣûô۾ʱǼҵ˼ææܽ
Ԭŵöһ٣æվֱ壬ż˵ʲô˵ﱻҵˣΪʲô
ԬȻʱ˵ĸо̫ףĺãϲ׵ģ⻰ŵɫЩס
ѾѾҲͣԬʼҵˡ
˳üǼˣһ·϶ܹģһ˵һ仰ʼ˺ܾãٴ˵
˰ѷ˺Ժ棬Ȼ˾ˣԺ˶˵Ƿ˶ˣүһͰѷ˸
˿еĶ˾ԬСס
Ԭˣ塣
ѾѾԼԬˣѼˣ϶ҪȥæģҲ׷˳ȥ
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Ԭֲҿ޵ӣѾѾѧƽʱϰοӣԬʵıģ˵ûµģǻȥ͸˵Ȱ׸ų
ԬʷŭСȭͷ˵ǸŮˣ϶ǹģﲻܻģҪѵǣﶼҳ嶯ģõŮˡ
ѾѾõŮˣԬôģοο͵ͷ˵ţԣһõŮˡ
ѾѾû飬һʱҲ֪ô
ԬʱҪô࣬ѾѾԬԼ϶ģôֻԼˣһᣬһһ
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һһҪôԬʣ
һһ˵Ļ֮󣬾;·ֱϤòϤ鼸ÿһŴС˵ﶼ֡
⣬ѾѾ˵ȸԬȥȻҵˣӦܰѳģѲҲڣһֱɨȫȷǲķûĻǾͼ򵥵öˣֱԬɿŵȥĴС
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ѾѾš
ԣױԩˣҪǵΪǸŮԩ˵ҾʹҳߣˣҸ׾ǼҸڽӣʱﶼҪˣҾʹȥǼҳԷС
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ѾѾüǻǼԵ̫ˣÿԷǼҺܿģϾԵģһˣˣǾɱ˳ԣˣҲҳ԰
Ԭʵͷ϶ҪģǼҾ͵ǼҵĳӣӣкܶӵģǰȥϹ֣ſǧһͷ档
ѾѾˣ˷ѰȻǧȥһͷ棬ǧӶϿһˣ´㿴ͷʱ͸˵һģʣµҽ㿪ǮɣǼҵʳ¥Լá
ʳ¥Ӷҵġ
ĽھҲӣҲ˲ӣǵѣ̫ģȻԺһԷǶ˼㸶ˣ㲻ӣҲôࡣ
㻹ҪԼӣԼӱȽϺá
ԬʾѾѾ˵úеҲҪӣҪһʳ¥ÿ춼ԼӳԵˡ
Уʳ¥Ѿˣ㲻ٿȻַҵ棬˵ǳϮǵ棬԰ץģҪӣһЩԼģûеģû˵ˡ
ֲ᳴ˣҪʲôҪһȥҼҳӣǻʲôˡ
ڿӷѾѾо飬ԬʽͣҪӣҲһҪ¥ģģ·ƷĶС
ȫ̵Ԭһ±Ƶġ
ողǻ˵˵ôȻͱ˵ӵˣ
ĺĽ
ͱӼˣ˼ҺӶʲôˣڸ˴򹤡


229  ̽ѾѾ

ڵԬңӻûͣȣԬʾŴš
Ԭҵŷܿ͹š
Ԭһ̵˽ȥ
ѾѾÿ춼ϰ书ģСܵñԬʿ˺ܶࡣ
ûһͳ嵽Ԭǰ棬Ҫȥ𣿿֪𣿡
֪϶ڷƽʱҵҲҹġ
ŶǾȥÿ֮ȥ
Ԭ̫ˣ˼Ϳʼַۣ˽ŲѾѾʲô˲Ǹ𣿡
ȥһװ˵׺Ǿȥǲ˰Ҳ뿴ױԩİɣ
ѾѾ˵껹ԬһۣˣҪǻĽϿ϶Ͳô
ԬʻȻֱתǾͲȥˣȥǸŮˡ
Ҫֻס
ѾѾνģҲÿԬʵײʱǱڼֲǹõηһ˵Ҳᷢʲôµġ
һһҲ˵Ԭʵײô˵Ǹϵķأû˻ôġ
˲ɻеѹ⣬ǰȫġ
˾ͳԬʺķȥ
ԬʺԺӾԬСԺӱϣѾѾϴξԬСԺӣһ٣·Ҳ·
ѾѾ´ǸžͲȥɽϴ԰ɣԹС񣬶ܴ򵽵ġ
ѾѾһһ߹·ϣԬʵԴֿС뵽ѾѾһ߹·ʱĶ
ǸžͲѾѾһֱܵúúõģʱʱóһ£˵ǶĿǰ˵ϲһߣû֮һ
ѾѾҲôרĵˣ˴˻⣬Ȼؾ͸ˣ˵Ǻð´ǾһžͲȥɽϴԣһʦôø׼һЩʦˣȥԵʱԴǾܴ򵽺ܶණˡ
ã´ʦ书ʱҪһҲҪһЩͿԱˡ
˵֮ǰ˾͵ԬʺԺ档
ѾѾ΢΢һᣬԼԺǸʲôġ
ǾҪȥʱԬʵĵ
Ԭʣüͷ˵￴ʲô
ΪԬʵװ·Ū˵ģڿԬЩӣ֪Ӧô
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棬ԬСڴϣɫЩ
ԬСڷϳŵƷŲ衣
״̬ȻԵãһҲжԸո׵ĵǡ
ѾѾԬʽȥˣǶǺӣЩҲûпʲô
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ȵ濴ԬүˣԬСŸϽɾͣڳһȻӡ
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Ԭүüͷ˵֣ѾѾһСôῴˡ
ѾѾһһѣظԬү˵ԬѧϰҽҪģͬȥ˰ԣұ֤Ū˶˵ġ
Ԭү֮ǰȷʵԬ˵ѾѾѧҽ飬ʱпһ£ԼɵҲûٸѾѾһˣôõĶûѧأ
˼ѾѾ֪ȥѧҽˣɵСӻֻӿΣҲ֪úö飬δȡһݹܻ
ǼҾֱӽ뵽ʿũߵĽ׼ʿˡ
ѾѾȷʵһСѾͷҲʲô˵˵ѾѾҶȻҲԸѾѾӣͷȥһ°ɡ
ѾѾϾͳŴȥ
ϵѾѾҪһҲţһӶѣ˵ֻꡣ
͵СܿʲôŹء
Ҳ̹Ȼذִӱ˵ȻǾͷҿˡ

ѾѾ˺ܾãüͷʱչʱšš
ЦѣǸСӵѣ֪װŪҪƭˣĻῴˣѳʲôˡ
ϵʵǸܵƽѵʲôһ


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Ҳ˵ƭˡ
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ϴ󾪣͵СӣҸԩ޳ģΪʲôҪң
ԬүüѾѾ϶ǲѾѾģѾѾŶģôĻ̾˿
ڵĺ̫ˣЦ˭ԼĺЦء
ֿԬ˵ѾѾȥɡ
ԬȥԬүĻ˫ͨصϣǻŮˣݺףҪ㡣
ԬˣûлУȻ˵׺ġ
ѾѾסԬʿĶ˵ȲҪżҪǵĻҪȥֵ˵ĴУ̫Сˣ϶ǲҵģھ;ںֵģһֱȥĻͰﲻˡ
ԬʹȻͣ¶ʵúֱףǲǲѾѾղ˵Ļ
Ԭүûֱӻشֻǲͷ˵ϽѾѾȥϢ
ԬˣȻǲѾѾղ˵Ļ
ŵġ
ѾѾ֮ǰڴ涼һʧκòˣ֪ѾѾҽжá
ȻڵˣҪǲȥҸȷǲˣҾһֱﲻߣԺҲˡ
ԣԬԺ󶼲ˣȥҵ
ѾѾҲԬһϡ

ԬүЩΡ
ѾѾԬʣֿϣҸϿѣЩʲô⡣
˵϶ĺӻ֪кŮأҪǸŮԬʾΨһĶˣɲöӸˡ
󼪣ȥͬðҹ
ͬõҩҲǾᵽԬǿģԬүЩ顣
ֻ֮ǰ˵Լ˵ʱ˱Ĵģûȥˡ
ԬүĻһӾͻˣװؿԬүүǲǲҵĻˣľƭǲǣҪҾȥˡ
ҺòײٵȵһΪܿҵĵģû뵽ĿлʲôǣԸһӵĻҲҵĻ
˵˵žͿ
ڵҲ󣬲Ŷʮ꣬ټϻصԬ֮󣬳ԵúãסúãƤúãž͸˼꣬еҼĸо
ѾѾԬʶϿ˶ġ
Ȼһһ˵Ļ˵ûд
˾ϲװģģȻԼҲϡ
ǣԼȣ޵ø۸һ
Ԭ˵ǧ϶飬Բȥġ
ѾѾԬһۣǴʱ򻹲˵һǵϿ޵øԬүһ¾ȥˣҪôһס
ѾѾɤӣ˵ԬǴĴ˵ˣŮˣǸ꺢ӣǲܿ޵ģһޣͻԺģ㿴ڿ޳϶ˣһҪ̿
ȻĻҪ²ġ
ԬүղЩԥҴˣѾѾĻŮ˻ǻȷʵǲܿ޵ġ
Ͻתȥߴٴ󼪿ȥ
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ѾѾϿҪȡԬʵףΪԬҵĴ˻Ψһķˡ
ѾѾԬ˸Ľ䣬㵽ȥ˵Ļ
ģһģһóѵġ
㡣
ǿȻҪ飬ĽϼôǮǼҶ
Ľеûп˵ǸһһŮһ𣬰ĸӸϳأ
Ԭʾ֮󣬾ԼµĳЩࡣ
ѾѾȵŴͣòİɣĺϵĶǱһŮµģƻ˼ҼͥŮ̫ˣԺһҪףŲû˸Ů˺ҵĻᡣ
ţԺҲȢϱˣϵŮ˻úܡ
ĬĬȫ̵ϵͳ
ʼղΪһŴˣΪʲôǻֲףг׺ܿµͷ
Ŵ˲Ƕͦϲ׵𣿲Ȼôʮͳˣ


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ܿˣϲô֪ûа취顣
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ԭռСӰû뵽Ҳﰡ
ٺ٣̰ɣ̿ǲ֮ǰˣúأ쿴ûʲô󰭡
ѾѾָϵϡ
һϣ˰ɲСأϽǰȥϲ鿴
ԬүԬʣԬСضϿ
ܿ죬нˣԬү˹֣˵ԬүʲôᣬϷո˰Ԭ˵ƽ죬ḁ֮̊́󣬲ңϷ򻹷һ⣬֪Ԭүɷȥ˵һ¡
ŮӲ飬һΪ˱ⲡĹȣȸ׽˵һٿ׽֮ǷӦø
Ԭүͷȥ
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Ԭүһ£ʶץס·˵ģĲٻˣ
ȷʵˣϷĲ֢Ҳ޲ߣҪ˻УֻȥҽҽˣǱǸúܡ
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ʧջ֣ôȥԬ˳
ȻûлУԬ˾ͲںˣοԬүһ뵽ϲٻˣϲ˲١
Ԭô궼ûµڶӣЩҲûгҹŮ˰ӵģûܻϡ
òڼϣ֪ѾһŮˣΪϼȻһ϶Ҳڶ鱩¶ʱ͸ɴϽӻص
û뵽ȻĽ
ھֻԬһˣ²еڶˣ뵽ԬүּӿŲ߽ϵķ䣬˵رסԬʡ
Ԭ±ƹһƿԬү
ڸʲôҪˡ
Ԭүףһ㶼ϲˡ
ѾѾЦеؿԬү˵Ԭڿ˰ɣҸղû˵ѣûлУ֪ԼûлУݺԬĸԬĸ̥ˣ㲻ΪԬĸֻظ𣿡
ԬүԬʵͷѾѾ£ϣ˵ɣΪʲôҪݺˡ
ҧŴƿӹڵϣ˵ţүԩģҲ֪ԼûлУʱһ£ˤڵϣһѪΪԼˡ
ʱеҲǴ˵ģҲû뵽Ҳῴԩġ
ϼǵõʱԬү֮ԻĸŮΪᣬˣԬү϶Ҳ۵ġ
ԬүңϽͣһѱԬʴѾѾȥ
үԩġ
滹ͼΪԼϴˢԩϻˡ
ո֮Բûе鱻֣Ϊֻ֪Ҫ㹻ؽԼʲô֪飬ԼҲ޹ģԬүͿ϶ģû뵽
ԬСҲЩɵۣЩԹؿϣͲֹ˸ղžͲӦͬǰģ㿴ںˣҪǵΪǨŭˣҾͲˡ

ԬԬүļ˵ȥȥҲҪ㱧ҡ
ԬүΪԬҧļϡ
Ԭүʹܲˣֻܷ
ѾѾϲ̵վں濴ǣһһ˵㿴Ǹ˹ϵãҸһԺԬʿ϶ͲΪҳˡ
㲻һ£ҵĻ𣿡
˵ţһһشѾѾԼ鿴˻֡
ϴηŵĻ֣һʳԣǵûʣһһ֡
鿴ʱ򣬻Ѿһһǵһ
ѾѾϲţǻˣ̫ˣҪԬʸೳμܣҺܿͻкܶܶĻˣһҾͿԳԱϵͳ̳ʳˡ
ϵͳЩΣֻͬһλ֣ԺٳܣǰҲټֵġ
أǿϧˡ

ѾѾߺܿϧǾԬʲҪܵĺãȻҪȥԲȵˡ
һߣԬȥ׳֮Ѿȥʰǵ·ŴСİߴѾѾѾѾҵ
Ҫȥģ
ȥǴӽӰ̫ˣҲһס


232 һȥ

ѾѾȷʵһյأյص󣬵ֻסԬʸԬҲǹ˵ġ
ԬȥҴ峤ѵ
ֻǽӵ²һһϦܽõģԬ˸ԬʱסѾѾ
Ԭ˸Ͳ࣬ͺĵ϶Ǹϴڳ
Դӳ֮ûнôˣڸһûͦģǼѾѾĸҼҲܳķˡ
ԬЦеؿŸڳ棬СǰԶԬʸѾѾ
Ǵ顣

ԬסǼô飬ѾѾ϶ҪдŸĽϵġ
ĺϹ顣
ԬүǸˣȻΪ˱Ů˾ԩԬˣԬһססǼˡ
ҸԬһ£˵ҲһŻǵĴ棬˵ǲأûи˵飬ҪôǻǸϽӰɣҪסһˡ
ϵĶµԬʵĺﻹҪˡ
ڷǳҵûӣԲõȥҺ
Ҿ˿ܻǲҪ̫ӵĺãΪҪ仵ʵ̫ˣĽϣµӾͲҪ˰ɣȻԺҲĺҺء
ѾѾддŻĽϵĺϵͳ֮Щӣ֪ôȥԼڵ뷨
˳ϵͳ̳һ飬ܲһЩһЩѾѾʡЩ߰Ļ⡣
ԬѾѾס˼죬ѾѾڿҽʱûȤţʱѾѾϸ˵ǸѾѾʦ
һҪúϰ书Ժܱס
ԬĵظѾѾ˵š
ѾѾŽż⣬Դ˵úӣ˵úã֪ôԿ϶ܸ˵ġ
ԬʰһѾѾһ˵ǸһСĺӣҿűŤ
ѾѾ
һգ۾͵ˣԬʼҵ·ûãѾѾҹĶһ磬Ԭ˾͸ڰԲ
ϴֵʱϰ˺ܶ಻ͬϵԲѾѾÿһϲԣϲԵĻԲǼҰԲ
Ԭ˵һοİͦʵģʱر𾢡
ҪԲóԣԺÿ궬ҲҪһЩʳԲУϲ⣬ӦҲϲԲġ
ԬֻԬôһӣ๫˱ŮˣͰеĶԬϡ
ѾѾԬֹţԬ˵ĻԬʴˣԬĸҪǸԬʰԲһϲԵģԬĸ̫ܰˣԬھͺ֣ҪȥĻϷʱ򣬾ͻܲˡ
ץԲصʱǱץ
ԬʵѾѾϣǲŲΪܲǣΪҾǶСֻҲ۸ǣŹġ
ѾѾȫţƲ죺˭ڰ˴αץʱˣ˭ɽҰãûܵÿ죬ҰõʱܲǣԿ˰
Ԭʣ
˰֮Ԭʼҵ·ӽˣΪҲһֱסģⷿӽò󣬾͸ͨũҷһ˺ü䷿һ飬ΧǽΧ
ҸҪȥѡҾߣҪȥһȥ𣿡
·ӽãļҾ߻ȫԬ˾ȥǿ
ѾѾûȥǣصͷҪȥҪȥھȥ˵Ҫһȥǡ
ѾѾĻ֪ҪԬһȥġ
϶ȥűѾѾͬȥˡ
һȥǣѾѾһֱû˯ţڴϷȥ쵽ʱ˯˹ȥ
Ϲ𴲣ڴߺ˺üѾѾˣҪȥˡ
ѾѾȻ˯øһ
Ѿͷû𣿡
ȥϴʱ򣬾ѾѾķ䣬߹˿ҿҪɴˮˡ
УԺ˯Ҿˮ㡣
ߵߣšĶ䣬ߣЩ⣬Ҳ֪ǲѾѾ׸磬ģˮ治°ò
ʹ죺ϣۣۣۣһ㡣
ҡҡͷҲٺѾѾˣֱӰ·ͷȥϴװЩ緹϶ţ϶ѾѾ
Ϊ϶ҲҪȥͲԬһѾѾԼҲһ
ȥǵ·Ҫȥϵ·Զܶ࣬ӴﵽҪʱǳñȽ硣
ȵȫˣ̫ʱѾѾҲѹˡ


233 

϶ͣѾѾſڴϿķ羰
ӴȥҪ߹ٵٵҲһЩׯ
ΪѾʱˣٵԵĴׯѾѾûģǵĴӱȽԶ
ߵٶޣѾѾ԰ѵ·Աߵķ羰ġ
ĴׯǴӻЩׯһǰׯûһûʲôׯڣûˣҲƣôãȻһûп
磬ׯû𣿡
ҿǡ
϶ѾѾĲͬһߵķ羰·һߵģߵķ羰࣬ûʲôˣǻܹЩǰЩ·ģҲǵļֻݹ᾵ļȥ
Ӧû˵ģֻ˿ǱȽϹġ
Ƕ磬Ǿʲôط
Ӧɽ˰ɣŵġ
ɽأ
ѾѾһӵɴ۾
ɽؿӡˣǸ
һһܿϰյ֮ǰɽĹϽӦúѹɣ
ϵͳûͨӴȥɨģɨأһᣬѾѾ״ǳã֮ǰ´ʱˮֱӶҲ˺óһʱ䣬֮ӦûֹģĴ֮ԲпǶˣҲпǶö߲ˡ
ǲֺǳ͢ҲʳǲӦ÷ʳôأ
ѾѾǵһʳġ
ֵ϶Ҳһġ
ϵͳЩ飬ֻҡҡͷֻԼȥ˽˽ˡ
ѾѾײᾭ뿪ôԶȥġ
Ҫھȥ
ſڴϺԬʡ
ԬһҪȥϵĴߣͰͷҡø˹һ
ҲȥǴһ֪ûǴӺ档
ԬֱһŰ߳һ䣺ѾѾúȥ
ѾѾסôһʱգ֪ѾѾͨĺӿɲһѾѾܴ뵽һЩ벻飬һҪӣԬʶѾѾĸ
ֻҪԬѧѾѾһ룬ˣͬԬʸѾѾȥˣģǶѾѾȥˣҪǳô˻ʲôҲ
ܱǰԺȢϱĻߵǿ
϶ǣһȥ
˹ܵûһߵ˼ҡ
ǼҼ˼ֻݹ᾵ļе˼ҡ
Ժǹ˵ģ˹֮ܵ󣬵һӾͰˣѾѾվԺҲĳ
Ԭһžžžžؿš
ǸѾѾȥñ˼ҵǲԵģԬʶ˺üˣҲûʲô;ÿܻҪŲУͷԬȥˡ
ʮʮʮ滹һ㶯ûС
ѲˣҪȥɣڿɻǽˡ
ѾѾվԺ²š
϶ߵԺǽҡҡͷУҪ˻ö˶˵ʲô¶ûУֲõĻͻȥˡ
δ˼ͬ⣬˵ǽַӿԱ١
ѾѾüô죿ѵǻҪһֱҪļֻῪžͺˡ
Ԭĵֶʹˣ֣ҪǾȥ˼ҿɣ⻧˼Ҿ飬˼Ҳᾭġ
ԣǻȥʡ
ѾѾͷ׼Ԭһ뿪
ȻŲǺĽŲլӵԺ߳˺üľһ̵أѾѾ֪˶½Ų֮ҡҡ׹Ժڱ򿪡
Ժ棬һݺݣݵùͷͻˣˣѾѾǣ㡭ǡʲôˣʲô
壬·ģڿʷûдˮܽȵˮ𣿡
ɡ
ˮֲӣİ˺ȵ඼Ǿνġ
ѾѾ߽ȥŲѾûʲôһ
壬ôôݰûԷˣ
ѾѾ
̾˿ûûʳôԷյʱãʳûˡϵʳֹ󡭡ֻܳǰĴǰʲô⡭һӾûˣššˡ
˵仰͸һִڴڵش
ôûʳأǴʳҲûˣǳ͢ʳİ
ѾѾЩ⡣
˶£ŵѾѾ桭ʳˣ
ǰǶûյһһȥõأʳӵġ


234 ʳ

ϴγ͢ʳʱѾѾǸϴ϶һȥõġ
ӡ̡
ҡҡͷûУʲôûУǴϸ»ˣҲв˶ȥӻˡ
ΪûԲׯڵǹʱ򿴵ǵڶûֻƶأⲻׯڵĻǳʲô
ѾѾѯʡ
ǵõ˵ׯ˼ʲôʱ򶼲ܻķأҪһķˣȵճɵļھʲôղҪӵġ
ЩҲ̾
Ҳ֣ǶӶʱ򣬰֮ǰӶˣʲôְ
ҪȥӣֶǼˣԲˣ˵Ǽ˵ӣֻڼţǼһˣﻹмֻóȥЩˣҲܻϵʳ
ֻ⼦Ҳʣʳ˶ѡ
һ˵ô໰ûʲôˣڴڵش
ϸѾѾ׼緹ܶ࣬ѾѾûг꣬ӣյܻȥʳй
ԬǣѾѾܻһ䣺ѾѾôˣأûһ𣿡
ѾѾҡҡͷԬǸԻҪԶŵĻϿ϶˺ܶԵĶȥԬˣԬĸгԵĶ𣿿Զ𣿡
Ԭ˿ѾѾŸʳУҪԵģҲûʣѾ߽Ҷ
ǳʱԬԼһ涼ǴѾѾ͵ĵģеһʳװźܶļȣҲװ˲١
Ѿ߰װ˺ܶʳİǸװ˼ȵʳеݹȥѾѾ
ѾѾѾ˸ʳУòôණԬ˾Ѿ߸ѾѾȥ
ѾѾѾȥոȥ˼
ԬڹٵϣƸߣԿǸԺĳ
ԬڸһݺݵĴ죬̫ϵı飬Щʲô
ֻע⵽ԬʵƺЩġ
ǸӦǶİɡ
Ԭ˺ܿͲ³Ǹ˵
̾˿
ǸˣǰЩ껹ûԬʵʱǸֵˣܣ˽ҪԬʸѾѾǶࡣ
һ̫̫ˣЩܱߵ˶Ҫܶࡣ
Ŀǰ˵¶ýϾʳĲޣҶֵأһҲ͵ʲôģǲôһ㡣
ܹһ±ͲˣҲָЩʳʲôˡ
ҪĹ⾰ãһͰ׸ˣũûʳһ겻ͲˣҲġ
ΪѾѾṩĺһȡ˳͢ľȼãǲеĵطһѾѾˣҲеһġ
ǰʱɽصǱץ𣿡
Ԭ֮ǰ˵飬򳵷
򾭳ܣ֪ϢȽ϶࣬ͷط˵ĻȷʵģµӦҪˡ
һصȻץˣ붼֪Ǹ϶˲õ飬һĻϰա
ͿһõĹԱϰжôҪ
Ҳȥɡ
Ԭ˵
⾰ãһֱվڹٵҲãһɽ˻ˣǵַɢˣǼ鷳£ȥ붼һ飬Ҳۼһ𣬱Ҳ㡣
γУѾ߻ԬҴʮģΪԷһȻٵÿһ·ͻʿѲߣĸʲҲԷһĺá
Ժ棬ѾѾԬҵѾʳиһ
Ԭһ۾ϳһʳиѾŵİģż˵ôҵĶŪˣûȥҴỹҪԵġ
ԳԳԣҲ㶼ֳʲôˣôࡣ
ѾѾػһ䣬Ѿ˵㣬ҰѶŵϰɡ
˵꣬ѾѾֿˣ˵壬ﻹһԶɣҴ˺ܶԵĹЩɺóˡ
㶣ܿ׹ѾѾ˼˲Ͽæת档
һ߸ˣĵףӣӡ
ʹˣͺֻˮҰҰݹûʲôʱ䶼ڴţʡģӸȻҪһ㣬ܲʱǻѡš
Ƕ֪ʲôʱҰݸҰҲԲˣʡЩûġ
ͶĲŸԬʲ࣬кóԵֽȳԣǵľǺܳ㣬ںԺץ档
˺ܿȥǶ˹


235 ӽˮ

Ҳݡ
ѾѾ϶ذʳĶóŵϣȻкǹԡ
ԬѾѾ϶˼ذѰĵóŵϣǺԸظ˵ǳ԰ɡ
ԬûһҲˣѯ˼䣬Ѿ߸ӡ
϶˵һ˴ȥ˴ӵĴ峤ô峤ѴҾۼÿһҶӡ
ۿѾڴﻨһʱǻȥǣû
ٴʱԬʾѾѾ϶͵͵һЩԼ棬ԼףѾѾҵ
ϣѾѾһ߸϶˵ţ
ɽؿ϶Ҳоȼȼõӵģȴ˵ûյ϶Ǳ̰ȥϣɽܸһ̰ϰյĶ
϶ҲҪҿɽصһҪݺݵһ٣Ȼ죬ҲӵζҲЩ
ǰǼҾͦˣﻹи˼ңǶûжӵģ֪Ƕ˶೤ʱ䡣
ԬʵֵСԴţûɽص̫ɶˣȻԴǣҿҾͰѵʳĶߣ
~
ѾѾȻ̾˿
һֱ˵Щ鶼ûõģӦһЩʵʵķȥϰǽŶԡ
Ȼɽصϰпصϰˡ
Ҿ㳯͢ľȼʳˣҲάֲ˶õģ˵Ҫֵİ̫࣬ʳҲδ㹻ġ
ѾѾڣǵ취ʳУֻʳĲȥˣϰյĴŻ࣬ҵĴҲŻ࣬Ҫһʳ͹꣬һҲõĻˡ
϶ԬʶѾѾ˵úе
ȻֻܾúеѣҲ벻ʲôܹ߲
϶ڼҲ֣룬˵ҪŽЩʣ϶ˣãǲǾܶ೤Щʳ
ѾѾ˵ãһһҪǰ˵ʳƻûзѿͻᱻˡ

ѾѾź϶һۣ磬õׯڶ𣿡
϶ܿ췴Ӧ˵ҲԣһĶ¶ٷ϶ǹ̶ģҪǶ˷ϣĻŪҲûİ취ˡ
ԬһҪˮʱ򣬵ˮˣǾȥǰһЩǾܳøˣˮ֮󣬾͸ϽַӦÿԽԼʱַġ
βһһѾѾ֪Ԭʵķ϶УΪԬȫǰׯڱγ֮ܿͻģ͵Ȳյʱ
ѾѾûһһס
һһδ磬˵Ǳû˶ģǵʳ϶ͺܶ࣬һһ
һһȷʵа취
ʵĵһˮģҪֵӽˮĻһĶصĲٶڵı
ˮĶֻİٽӽˮĶѾߴǧİٽļֲӽˮȫͨӽˮ
ͨӽˮĶߴһǧٽһĶ൱ĶһһĶصճɾ൱ڹȥճɣһϰǳԱͲˡ
ѾѾȵʵĻĶһǧٽˮ𣿡
еġ
㹻ĻͿֱȥ̳Ƕһˮˡ
ҪԼȥӽˮĻ̫ʱ䣬ȵŪˣܼ͹ȥˣһϰչƾͶ˲١
ֱȥ̳Ƕһֳɵġ
ѾѾһϵͳ̳ǾֱӶһ˵Ҫһʮӽˮӡ
һͿ԰ӷֳȥˡ
Сϵͳ˵ĻֲΪӽˮӸĶһһˣͻֱӰ쵽ˣδķչҲ˼ӿ졣
Ϊϵͳв鲻ǵ磬Ӧø֮ǰ粻ͬһռڣϵͳжǿԶһӽˮӣǶһҪĻȴܶࡣ
˵Ǻܶġ
һһӾҪһٵ֣ĿǰĻֻһһġ
ҾһԿԶһܶ࣬ΪϵͳҪֻһһֻҪǼҵĵʹþУһֲ֣֮ǰҪĵñ֪о߲ˮӡ
ֳ֮ˮǿռӣָҪˣһпӵоݣ˶ˮйĲ²⡣
ѾѾѾǸܻѵĺˣΪ˱ϵͳ˵ѼܴѾﵽ˴˵ˮƽԼ˵ѵҲܸߣϾһһ˼


236 ɽ

ѾѾͷ֪ҿ϶ôһǵġ
϶ѾѾصͷΪѾѾͬԬʵ飬ʱЩ
ԬɵˣôԼҲôɵأˮ˻ôⲻǴıſȥ
ԬҲѾѾͬ¾͵˵ţһȥ֮͸߸Ҽֵصˣ첥֮ȵˮ糤˾Ͱǰһ㣬Ҳȥ峤˵һ£ʱҿ϶ܿոˮˡ
ѾѾع˸ۣ˵ǧȻ´峤Ŵȥġ
ׯڿũ***ҪǴԬʵķȥˮʱˮŪˣпܻῳԬʵġ
ԬֵؿѾѾΪʲôղŲҲͷ𣿡
ѾѾӦԼղŸһһСĵͷ
Ԭһۣǿ˵ţֻǲѣŲΪͬĻͷġ
Ԭʣ
϶
ʻ˸ղŵĴ֮֮Ҫɽµ
Ϊɽ࣬Ѿķӣڴɽʱڴɽһ
ŴûеƣͦģΨһľֻǽϵļյ͵ơ
ѾѾ϶ûȥǣҲ˵û߹û׼ڽ֮ǰԬѾյ͵ƹ
͵ƣʱҲںģֻ͵ƵĹֻǿһȦԶһķΧͿˣǽϵ͵ƿ̫ûӵ͡
ѾѾǽûжã͵ƾϨ
úڰ磬йôڣ᲻й
ΪӢһһ˺ܶµѾѾʱеţĻЩ̫ϲĶǽð
ŴǸȽϷŵʱѾѾĻԬ϶ߡ
϶ѾѾԴ˵
Ŷ
ѾѾɵر졣
ֻʱһϤϤ
ѾѾˣ϶磬ǹ𣿡
Ԭʻˣ϶ֱ۲ɿ
϶ҲǲйϾڻǴأȻȽϺڣ˶ࡣ
˵¹֣߷֡
ôˣӦøǲŶԵģֻҪǴĹӦòʱðģôζʱ򷢳ˡ
ǵǸչʱ򣬸ĹٵϾֻο͵ĿԲ
ˣӦɽˡ
ѾѾ²⣬һһֱӸ𰸡
ѾѾ𾪵ؿڣ磬ɽˡ
ɽˣⲻǹ
֪ǹˣԬϾɿ϶
϶ɫѿѾѾѾѾȷɽˣ
ʱ϶Ҳ˲ѾѾôɽ˵ˣ˵꣬Ͷӵҹߡ
ǳŵʱǵѲ˵ѸͷҲмѾѾȥ˴ˮ
϶ԼһѲ˵һѲ˵ȥľԬһһЩˮѾѾԼһʦƵĽ
ʣµѸͷ϶ûٶ
Щɽ˻ûж֣ҪǾôͣȥԬ͸ͷпܻἤŭЩɽ˵ġ
ľ߿Щ
϶ԸľõǲҪЩɽ棬Ͻ뿪
ԬҲĶղſܱߴӵпܻɽˣû̫⣬ֻһЩ
ȻʮȷɽжˣЩɽ˵ô
Ҳ֪ЩܲܽЩɽˡ
ε̾˿˵˵ҼƻˣҪǰǵɽ˵⣬Ͳôľصˡ
һ뵽еĻѾѾԬӣԬ˾Ͱûڲѡ
ƽ˵ٵǺܰȫģ·ߣҾڸǣһٶҪһҵġ
ֻе࣬ûлȥ˽꣬±ò£׾ͻƵúҲȥա
Щɽ˵Ķˡ
Ҫж𣿡
ѾѾŽе˷ܵ϶
Լôõ书϶ܹԸû˵ģھǸֵʱ
ԬҲѧ˼书ԼҲǺģȻһܰЩɽ˴仨ˮ
Դڵµ϶
ͷܺôô֪ʱȻ˷ܵ
ְɣ
ɽ˵еĴ󵱼һ£һȺݿݻƵɽ˳ѾѾҸԬʼҵ˹
ʱ֮󣬾Լֺ˵õѾѾԬʱסֽţƵڵϡ
϶ԬҲסֽԱżѡ


237 ɩ

һһ书ǲƭ˵ģôôһ
ѾѾɻһһ
ѾѾͬʵĻΪԼѾ书ԬʣƵóһɳӣһ£ɳ³
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ѾѾҲ˵Ҳѧˣ书ʦǸɵҵģøɵʧǵúúϰС
֮ôͱץˣ϶Ϊϰʱ仹ȵɵһʱ򣬾ûܹץˡ
˵ˣ鲻ܰ;ϵģȻ֮ǰѧľҪ׷ˣԺ㻹Ҫһѧϰ
ȻʱûбֻҪǼֵףһǻġ
ԬʱѾѾ˵ˣ˵Ǻðɡ
϶ԬѾѾԬ˵ĻǶ˳顣
ܺӣ
Ҳʲôʱˣп˵Щ
ѾѾԬ飬ʱɽѣطͽɽӸģɽƽϣؽʮ䷿ӡ
ôĿǷһԺӣʮ䷿ΧģھԺ档
ԺﻹһЩҰƤһЩ˲·һһЩӦǴɽϰγҰˡ
мѾѾСĺӹƨԺȥ
ʮɽΧǣеģǶݣݿݻƣеӪӣǱ֮ǰǸӵҪһЩ
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ѾѾΪ̫ˣǶø·򲹶ˡ
ЩɽúǺܳɹӡ
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һһ˵г״ԪɵúõɽǿԴģǰЩɽ˱˵ˣѾѾ±ⶼûн
ɽ˵Ĵ󵱼ѾѾĻһᣬȻ߿ֱߵ϶Ԭǰ
Ӧܺӣ˵ֵֹܺӡ
һڵϵ϶ݺݵ˵ϵӶó
϶Ԭ˵ѾѾԬʵİȫ˵ϵƱӶ
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󵱼ŷԼˣæȥ۾
ǿ˵ţҪ¡
һһѾѾоõɽϵ˶ǻˡ
ѾѾŲ´󵱼أŲŲŲŲģһΪʲôҪɽ˰ôˣҪǺúĻָʳ𣿡
ѾѾʵɽ˾ǸɲĴӣһۣôҶעʱ򣬾͸ѾѾ˵ǰҲǵɽ˵ģǽʳûճɣûԣҲȲﵱɽ˵ġ
һˣǵһץˣһδϵõӡ
ѾѾˣԭǵһɽӵˡ
ԬҲˣԭǾȻôʧܵ
˶ᱻɽץǱץ˰
񿴳ѾѾʲôæ֣Ǹ£Ϊ̫˲űץģһ±ǿ˶ѣǴһǰ˻ˣ֪ɽϵɽ˾ͽ书ˣȻҲץסǵģǶôˡ
ѾѾԬʶˡ
ѾѾֺʣǽ书أҲԺҾͲõٱɽץˡ
ˣǰߵġ
ѾѾЩʧʧض˶ֽţֽŶЩؾ֣ȷұ֤ҲߺòãҾˣҲȥץǵġ
껹ԥ
Ȼ˴һӳţˣˣɩ첻ˡ
ѾѾǸ󵱼һӳ


238 ʸ

ѾѾ꣺ô£
ҲżֱӾ˵Ǵɩӣ˺ܾöû˵ˣҲҪܶҩţΪŴɽȥǵġ
ѾѾæ˵ϽſҰһҽģȥĻǴɩҪˡ
ϱеʱѾѾʹһһһЩڻеʱӦҪע顣
һ·̥ʱ򣬵ǻᣬҲҪӹŹһ˵ġ
һСģͺпȥ˹ŹؾͻزˣʱҪСġ
𣿡
ļˣѾѾˣһ߸ѾѾ⿪ӣһ߸ȷš
ѾѾͷŵ˵İɣϣҿ϶εġ
ΣҲһһһһ鲻˵һһεģʱҲҪװԼεġ
ѾѾѽϵҲ˵ǴɩͰˡ
ˣϰɡ
ѾѾӦš
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ѾѾҲβ𣿡
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ԬԼɵǿſСүȻҵٱץǡ
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ĸΣգŶʱӻûٲĻ˸Сµġ
󵱼һ˵Ļһ£ѾѾȥ
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á
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ѾѾһΰѳôָӵ󣬽üͷ
һһɨ꣬˵̥λֻʸˣȥʴ󵱼ҪǴˮ׼һЩߣ˵󵱼ͬʸ
Ŵ˼뱣أǿܻܲˣû㣬ֻԼˡ
һһɨ꣬˽ۡ
ѾѾͷ
ѾҪԹȥĸˣذοģһĺӵģһûµġ
˵꣬תܳȥҴ󵱼ҡ
һھֱ˵֪ҽ𣿡
󵱼ԭǲ֪ģ֮ǰǸʿͬ˵֪ˣ֪ҽȵĴ򼸺õĴ򣬱˶ûа취Ĳֻҽȵܹκˣ˵ͷ
ҽȵĵʮ˴ˣ˸ղҲʶҵҽˡ
ѾѾͣһ£ô󵱼Լȥ䡣
󵱼ҵͷѾѾ˵
ҪҵĻʹţұ֤Ӹƽƽػ㡣
һһû˵˵ѣΪһһ˵ѵѾѾ˵ѼѾ¯ࡣ
⻰ֲ״̬ϼ


239 ɹ

Ǹȥξͬҽ˵ú˵ֻҪҽȳĴ򣬲䣬ȫԶһġ
ٿѾѾȻ򣬹ֲղôһ۾ͿǸﲻ
ԭҽȵĵʮ˴ˣһᣬѷ˶˳ȥ
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֪УȻѾһơ
ۿŷֻʣѾѾϵĸˣϵͳ̾һѾѾһɲʸģûٺ˽ɣҿͺԬ˽ɣȻӿһ㣬Ǹеģʡ
ˣ֪ˣͳȥǷԬˣǸ׼ߡ
ѾѾ˷ܵܳȥʵϣиѧҽ֪ԼҪһЩ˷ܵġ
Ͼڵʵʱ
ѾѾҪֻϵͳѡ
Ϊҽѧϰûеʸһﻹûص֪ʶֻ֪ѡ
磬ȥ׼һЩɾ߹оҲ׼һЩƹ͵ҲԣȷǣҪԬĸæ
ѾѾһ󵱼ҾͿʼԸ顣
Ը꣬˵ǴȥСùҴá
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ȽȥȻϵͳ̳һһֱҽô룬ҪûκεֶΣʶӵʱܻʹܲ˵ġ
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ѾѾƵѧϰʱ򣬿Ƶ֪ʲô
ת棬Ԭ˻ûнʱ򣬴ϵͳ̳һߵиߣοɩģѹʱͻûµġ
ϵиѾ˶ԺˣȻѾѾɤûɵľ;úаȫУʣһЦݳ
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ŵãˡ
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ߡ
ü
ʱ֮ѾѾһ룬һվֱһ˴
ڽˣһ㶼ˣ̫ˡ
ԬĿɿڴؿѾѾ
е㲻ԼղſĶնʲôȻѾѾѴ󵱼ҷ˵ĶʿȻСͳ
֮Ƿ·һ˿ڷϣ֮ѾѾ˵棿
ͬģҲúò
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ˣҲڵѾѾҲܵĴ󵱼ҵķˣǸǾú𺳡
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϶Ԭ˵ѾѾʲôʱôģ
Ϊֻῴ纮أھȻ᣿Ǳ˶õģĽˣ


240 ھ

𾪵Ǹ󵱼ҷ˿Ĵ
ֻû˵ڣʵѾ϶󵱼ҷ˸еĺӿ϶һʬġ
Ϊ󵱼ҷ˸еĺ̥λû
벻ѾѾһСѾͷôģοԼǸء
棬һһ˵ҩҩЧҪһʱŻȥѾѾð׾ϴ֣˶Ԭ˸󵱼ҷ˴·ʰϵĶƿ߳ȥ
ѾѾôˣ
󵱼һӾͳ˹
ѾѾʱѾ϶ѾѾ֡
ѾѾʱŵԬʵ··մѪ֮ǰͰ·ԬţϸɸɾģͷҲŪú룬һ㶼ոʲô
˫ֱŴ󵱼ҵĻ˵ٹһʱͻѹˣԽȥǲҪϢ˿ڣڱˮ
˿ڣ
ոһֱ˼ѾѾôѺӽӳĴЩ𾪣ôŪģϾȻ˿ڣ
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ѾѾ˾
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ôãȻȫעȥѾѾԼˣúõһ¶ӡ
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ѾѾհǵĴ󵱼ҷ˳ɹĸɽկľˡ
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עⲻʱ쵽ڴһɿתɿٵؾ׽˼¡
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ԬһԼ·ȥùһҪϣʱ·ϵѪ¶
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һᣬ˵ƽȣܿͻѹˡ
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ѾѾҽ߳ܰѱ˶˵ηѾѾᣬ͸˵ϿʲôʱͻϿһ
ãѾѾż󵱼ҷѹˣ󵱼Զ˼ȥι
ԬҲѾѾһڳԼԵñѾѾڣѾѾ졣
ѾѾҪʱʱͣش´⣬ѲʱҪõʸˣиķգʸʱһҪעҪõĶ
ôĻ쵽Ҽȥץֻܳʾһ¡
ѾѾҪдԸѧʸǺܺõģһԺͿԱܶΪˡ
ллҴؼҽһҾȥռҴҹ
ԣ㲻Ҫȥ̫磬ΪҪȥ棬ûôȥġ
ѾѾһڼһʱûʲôζļҲóԼˡ
󵱼ֳˣѾñоĸȥչˡ
ŴѾѾѹȥĶҹ


241 ;

ѾѾ൱˸ɽկΣžͼŸǶȥ
ȥԪĸǣһһĻ˵൱ʡ㡣
ԪľģͱǵҪϼ˿Ҳܶࡣ
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±ѾѾ˽Ⱦ˺ܶѪѾܴˣȻҲûж·ڴŵɽһʮ·
һδ·Ҫ丮ĵط
ЩԸ͸Ԭ˵ǻȥɣˡ
ɽԬʾͲԸѾѾһѾѾԼճܵԬǼҵţԬʵĻ
ӦܴؿڣУܾôȥҵһǣҪúù䡣
ԬЦԬʵԴõ·⣬Сȥ·
𣿡
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Ԭ˲˵Լ·顣
ѾѾȵؿԭԬĸҲ·ǸһҮҸɩǸ˵ǸŮӣҪǲ·Ժû˻ϲҵģҾͺϲԬĸƭҡ
Ԭû뵽ԼһСĸѾѾһõİˣε˵ʵɩҲΪòô˵ģŮҪǲ·ĻԺԼ·ѣԼĺ·ˡ
Сûд·
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ԬԽѾѾԽϲ֮󣬷ҪѾѾһȥ·
ԬԸ뿪ǡ

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һһӦԣ߿ṩͼͿϵˣ㲻ǴѼ𣿵ʱëѼëȻ޷޷ůˣʱ洩һ·һ޷Ͳˡ
ڴҪãҲûôء
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ԬѾѾĺѣҲǸѾѾɩɩҲҪԿмȸ
ɶǶڼңһѾѾǵܳӺһ䣺ɩҲҪԿ
ȻΧѾѾԬȥǷ顣
СãǺбϺ𣿸ʲôԵģ
ǵ˸ǳһǻ᲻᳤úܸߺ׳
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ɽ˿ǲ书
Щɽɱǲ۾գһµģ
ôӳģϵĶǲǶɽȥˣ
סĵطǲǶ˺ܶͷ
ѾѾļֶӶɽ˵֪ȫƫ
Ԭһʱ֮䲻֪ôȥˡ
Ҫ˵˵ЩûУǲǻʧ
ɳǲǲʧ


242  ҽԺ

ѾѾҡͷ̾Ϣţһӣ˵Уȥʶʶ
󵱼ԼˣȺµʱҪȥġ
˳㣬Ҫ󵱼ǰһЩ顣
ڴǸɽͷͺܲڹٵ棬λúðһãôӣˮ϶Ҳܲ
ȻѾѾ˵ΪʲôкܶӵĵطˮֱӾûġ
һһѴ󵱼סǸɽˮĻǺɽУҿöǴӺɽڹȥˮҿԴ̳Ƕһ𣿡
ˮѾѾԼġ
ѾѾ׬һѾˣҲѾƣֻޣǴҲֻһˣҪܶܶˡ
ͨľ飬ѾѾԼһİãǾ⣬ӣӵĳʲôϲˡ
һһ鿴ϵͳ̳ǣϰˮĹ磬ʱѾѾõˡ
ԺҪϵͳӦûٶһЩ
ӦԣֻҪл֣ʱͿԶһˡ
ǻǵúúְ
ռĻĿǰֻͣٷ֣ǲˡ
ɽկȻ˽ɹˣΪƾԼıȥģûл֡
һһĻ˺ܶ࣬ٵ֡
ҾúβǵĻֿһЩҪԼҽԺȥβͲһһˡ
˻һһ˵ѾѾܿع˵ȥǵʱ顣
˵һᣬүѧõĹصѾѾյȥϷүӡ
л˵
үӻźϱλҪ飬ְѾѾϡ
ϵĺӲ䵽ѾѾѾѾӣְ̧Ѻƿ˵ȥǵ·ϿкܶϰճԲǻ˶ģҸˣҪ⣬ֻʳĲ
ֻҪʳĲ㹻ߣҵĴͶˣҲЩʳȥ˻ӣʲôʱ꣬Ҳûˡ
үšü˵úеʳ̸أҪܹߣЩˣֺαصȵڡ
ԼҲֵصģζʳܹһЩ
ôˣûʲôŵ
͢Ǳ߿϶Ҳ취ʳģֻйҵʳˣϰճԱ˷ҵģҲܷٲʢ
ֻ˭Ҳûгɹ
ѾѾգգ۾ҿ԰ҸˣһЩˮӣֻҪЩֲĶıˣǿһˮ
һ¿ʼ֣¿ʼոոֱֵڶʱոˣһһˮ߰˱ˣҴһЩʳһЩʳҪͲûˡ
үӾϲصɴ۾ĵ֣
Ķıһ껹Ҫˣζʲô
үе㲻ȥ
ѾѾͷаȹһʱҾȥǰѵûǼҿһ£Ҫǳˣʱٰӷָҡ
һһ˵˵ӽˮֲ֮ٳĵǲֱֵġ
ΪЩӵ״ȶױ״ֲܷܺҪ󣬵Ӵ״ͻ֡
һһ˵ʲô״ɻͺͱԾͨӽǰѴ״ϵһ𣬵ҪũҵҪԽɸѡȡӺӣȶ״ܼ֡
ΪѾѾӽˮǴϵͳ̳һģϵͳ̳ѾŵģǷֳĺҲŵģֱǵҲκε⡣
үӶѾѾǸ˵ĻûκλɵģȻѾѾ˵УӦþеġ
Ǻ޲ϾõȥֵģֻҲ֪ڼڲԣˣҲֻ˷Ӷѡ
Ӧãȵûˣ£ǾȥһҪˣɾԨĴ󹦳ˡ
𣿵˴󹦳ǳ͢ҽ𣿡
ѾѾ˫ڴؿүӡ
үεص˵ıӣ㻹Ҫ˵ƽʱôǵ𣿡
ѾѾͷûûǣҪ֮Ƕǣֶ֣֮ƥ𣬹ҵ¾Լ飬ΪףҽΪıԺ
ϵͳ
һСС꣡
һС¾ưɣ֮ȥɽ


243 

СǴ󵱼ҸոճСӣѾѾȥǵ·Ϸү˵ˡ
ѾѾȻһʿӰѺӸͳүŵɫ԰ס
⺢ôôҪǳʲô⣬ҿǿô죡
Ҫĳ⣬үӾãɽկϵһȺ˿ܻҪѾѾǵġ
ѾѾһ㶼ĵ˵ûµģô϶ʧֵġ
㰡
үЩˣֳƨֵѾͷһ㶼֣Ҳ֪Ǹ˭ѧġ
ˣܻиңҪѧʸʱǼסģҪȥ˵һЩѷʰС
ѾѾүӵȥ˵ˡ
үӿѾѾıӰеп
СѾͷŸտʼѧҽûãڶ˽ˣʵ̫ˣҲͣǰˡ
ǰûӣ־Լʹˣ֮ûϿˣҲȱӡ
ѾѾһԼСѾͷСѾͷ˽ˣȥμӿƾҲû°ɣ
ѾѾǻ˵ʲôϣѧ
˵һˣʮеľˣȷЩʮѣҪĿƾپ˾ˣҲʮеľˡ
ţͦġ
үһѧõӣ¿ʼˣٰѿƾʰҲʲô⡣
Ȼˣһ·Ϳʼȥ鷿Ŷ顣
ϳԷʱ˵飬˼һ֧֡
ѾѾ˴Ĵָ˵ģҵŵٶˡ
һһ˵Ҫǵڵ٣ǵĺӾǹٶҪǵоٵϹˣǹٶˡ
ʱǸһ
ͷͦġ
ѾѾѧãүӣǵѧô죿Ҫμӿƾ٣ѧõͲ𣿡
ɰɻɸ붼ϲؿүӡ
ɸǺʣүүȥˣǲǾͲȥѧˣ
Ǽڰͣÿ춼ųȥ棬ѧ￴űС棬ǿĽˣпҲȥѧˣȫ
үӵһۣû˵
תͷشѾѾ⣺ѧǱߵʱ䶼ȥģͬһʱҲڸӻңûԸﵱӾǼҳˣˣԺѧǱʲôҲǼҸ𡣡
ˣȻһӣҲѧӪõģѾѾǼҲȱӣүӿѧùǸѧõĿ
ѾѾͷţõģʱԶ뼸ӣǻܰѧýһЩ˵ģǿ֮øĺӶܶ飬ѧ֪ʶ
ҪÑĻǵĵܾͲԸѧöˡ
ԵѧãеȻȥֻҪ굽ʮ֮ĶÑѧô
Ñ⣬֮鱾ѻҪԼȥģȻҪһǮ´ҲûôԾȥˡ
ĸҲһһ˵ġ
һһ˵ʮģһֱϴѧýѧѣ鱾ûô鱾Ѷýģֻдѧҵ֮Ҫ죬ҪԼǮ
ѾѾҪǴʲôӶǺӻǼҳѧϰ²ôҪ÷ûлӵģҪѧã˾Ͳѧ˾ǡ
ҪԼȥ飬ǺǲѧѾѾǵļҳӦҲùȥѧ
ǻ˵ǻȥʵģ㻹úѧϰҪ𣿡
үӴ˼ѾѾĻ
һֱ֪⺢ӵĸֺܴﲻŹңϰգû뵽ڻÑѧ³
մҪÑĻһӰÑģһһӣѧжʮӣһǶʮӡ
ҪÑһ˶ʮӡ
ʮǰһʡԼõسˡ
ѾѾ⺢˵ҪͲҪǸܼҵĺӡ
ܼҰܵúܺ⡣
УôˣȵýˣҾô峤ȥﳤﳤȥļ˵˵ҪԶһĴǲÿôԶѧĻҲԲ
үӵͷѾѾ顣
ѾѾԴ£뵽ˣȥô峤ٸһĵذɣʱѧñϽһիᣬҪסúԶ飬ǽסիիһһǮɣסý˾ͲסˣҲͲիط


244 ѧϰ

үӱѾѾһһ𾪵ˣ⺢ӣôôණ
ϣռҵҲ𾪵ؿѾѾͬʱһЩԱȻ
ҶգǵģǶүôôأ
˲Ǽ
ǼΪҪȥѧöš
ѾѾʼһ£ͷװԷʵһһ⣺һһҪռˣһлֽ𣿡
һһҲѾѾ˵Ļ𺳵ûѾѾûָʾҲôĽ
һ֮˵ȻУĸʱǺҪģøĴӶܹܽĻȻлֽһʽ١
̫ˣҪŵõѧá
ѾѾŵԴ͸˵öֵ˶ߡ
ڶ죬ɽկĴȻˣ˾Ͳ࣬Ȼ˸˳ǳѾѾҵķȥģҲⶼϼ䡣
ʱѾѾŶ﹡ϸſڵץƣʾ˵ǹѧϰҽġ
ѾѾشĴ񣬺ܿͰѾѾĻȥ
ûдרŹѾѾѧϰҽˣû뵽ѾѾôͿԽͽˡ
֪ѾѾҪʲôأѵҪô𣿸òʲôط˰ɣ
ѾѾɽկʸķи˳飬ѾѾûռҵ˱ܣҵĻȥһ¡
ΪҲ׬һֻԼѾɹһˣٽһĻͿԳʦˣԺѲͿȥˡ
ΪҪýȻҪȰȥа
˵Ļ˼ŴײȥѾѾңѾѾһĴϱ͹˵˵ѾѾѧҽ鰡ʵҲʲô£ҪѾѾѧϰʸѡ
ǰѾѾǸԬȥ·һ˺ܾõĺӶûûа취ѾѾѸ˵ĶʿѺӱģĸƽƽġ
ʱҲڣ˾ҪѾѾѧϰѾѾˡ
ɶܰ˵ĶʿӶʿˣ˻ôϱ㲻ڿЦɣ
ѾѾŶ󰡣ôܻȥ˽ɳʿ˶ӵҪģ⺢СС;ʿ˵Ķˣǳ֮ǻʿ˵Դˣö°ôдѧİ
ӣϱĻЩԽܡ
ϱ֪ó׼õ˵ѾѾ˵ɵҪѾѾӴʿӰѺóķӣǸ͸еĺһˣĸƽģ˵Ǹ˹춼´ˡ
һ֮ҪѾѾȥǵ¾ء
˵ҪҪأǸƴһƴ
ڳ˵лĴ඼ǸˣŴϱĻмֱ˵϶Ҫƴһƴģ˵ƴһ»ϣأ
ǵĶԻΨĴУԺţѾѾȥ
ѾѾ𣿡
ѾѾ溰һںɻץܵѾѾæȥš
ѾѾɻؿ壬ôҲˣ
Ȼ˵һѧʸġ
һܣĻ̽ͷһۣʵҲǴ򰡣
ûĴ򣬴СѾͷġ
˵رؽ
ѾѾȻ֪ڽЩʲô֪ˣΪ¶Ľ顣
һһЩ˺ְ
һһ
ԥǲҪѾѾ֮Իô֣ΪѾѾ
ҲˣһץҪץܿ죬ûһǾץֻܡ
ΪûɩҸʸҾֻʾǿˣҪϸţܶҲûӣܻʾҪܹץһֻеӻץһֻеʾܻá
ѾѾЩʧ
ȴúˣܿѾѾôľˣǿɲиĶȥʵ顣
ѾѾͷֻȶסܣһССˮеʵҪӦöһŶԵģˮֻƻȴպŰɡ
ѾѾ˵Ļ׼Ȼ֮ѾѾʲô
²꣬ѾѾʼˣ˵һεľ飬ڿ׼ݣûһͰܵĶʿ


245 

ܵĶûкӣʿ֮ҲͺʲôģѾѾǸʾһôѺŪ
һҪСĲҪƻ١
ѾѾ˵һЩһһרҵ
һܻǻŵģ֮ѾѾ߰ܵĶӸϡ
϶ӵܣʹ˼£ܿͿʼΪϵ˺ûûãʱҪߣѾѾûзߣøľͰװ
򿴵Ŀɿڴ
ԭѶʿ֮Ĳģ˿ڻ·һ

ѾѾû˺ܶݣʵֿ˿ʱ⣬Ҳط
˵ˤӰȹǸˤˣ˵û޸ǾͿֱӿĹͷ޸ֻ߳˲ӦóԵĶȥûа취ҲԿȡ
ΪʱǺʹģ˺пܻͻӰǵشķգҪ漰ҪӦȽĻǻʧȥ֪ôŪоʹ
֮ǰɽկϵʱ򣬴󵱼ҵķ˾ǱˣĽ
ĻҩҲ̼ϵļѨλͿԴﵽЧ
ķһһģΪ˷ҲҩʱҲԿ
ѾѾֱЩѨλ
ɢǹŴҩ
ɢҪɷдڣڣ򻨣ûҩ㡭Щҩձһ󣬻ĥɷ۾ͿƳɢʳûŵζʧȥ֪֮ɽʱҪƺãɢҩͬҩЧʱҲг֮֡
ҪҩЧȥ˶ûǲ˿ܾͻΪʹҽ¹ʡ
Ǹѧǻʼǡ
ѾѾ˵Ļһһʮؼǵ档
ʵһһ˵ˣʱɢЩȱݵģʼնȲִҩãҲϴһһҪֱϵͳ̳Ƕһԭ
Ҳܱûкá
ܲȥϵͳ̳ﻹǶһҩģҩ˵Ҽ̫ǰˣɵġ
Ȼסڴ棬ѾѾ֮Ҳû뿪ү˵һɴҲѾѾסΪ˺һ۲Ǽֻƶǵܡ
ǻ᲻ʲô֢ȥ
ѾѾҲǵһθҲ棬ΪʦҲ˸Сߡ
ɰɰ춼ȥѧˣ֪ǸѾѾѧҽ飬һǶľͰǰܣҲ˸СľͰϡ
⼸˻ҪҪԷİǿǼֻܶˣ
СȥԺժ˵ʱ򣬾ѾѾߣصͺЦظһ䡣
ҲЦЦ
Ϸһ¹ļҳ˵ǳԷҪǸľͰϳˣ³ԷʱҾϴľͰᵽȥЩܶǳԷ

ѾѾҴ죬Լ֤ѾѾǲߣ֮ܵĶϳһ̺⣬ûκε˿ڡ
ķȷʵУһʲôۼԺβֶһݰˡ
뿪ˣͬʱֻһЩᡣ
ѾѾʦԺҪǶҽʲôµļ⣬ǵдһŸңұ֤Ϲˡ
ߵʱضѾѾ
û˵ô࣬סѾѾҽп˾͵ѾѾһˣ̽̽ҽϵС
ˣѾѾֱϵͳҪú书ˡ
ϴαɽɽ˽֮ѾѾӼᶨ书ľģʦָ峤ȻܵǼ
ѾѾأ죬죬죬ʥּˣǽʥּּ˹˵ˣʲôҪ׼ˣֻҪ˾УѾ㽨ҵȥѧúˡ
һʥּ峤ضԼһ·˵пմ
ʥּʲô
ѾѾеԺôû˵ʥּ
վѾѾʦһ˵ı飬ߴѾѾȥ˵Ͻȥǵˣ֪ˡ
ԣʥּˣҾ֪ʲôˡ
峤ѾѾǴϢָϽܻؼȥˣǵһο˽ʥּôʥʱ̣ҲҪؼԡȻϹʱ򴩵·С
ϸںԺܲˣѾѾĻŵϵľ׶ϣæѾѾݻ·ȥ
Ȼʥּ˵ʲô׼ɻ·úôҲҪġ


246 ɱ

峤ʱ򣬴Ĺá
ϱѾѾȥϴ˸裬ѾѾϸ׼ʱŸķɫڸ°ڴ˴ɻ°ӡ
ߵţҪܡ
ϱѾѾŵϷĿϣһ䣬ȥϴ軻·ʱ䣬ѾѾܳȥˡ
ѾѾͷȵתˣϽϵͳһһʥּʲôΪʲôӸʥּһҪϴ軻·׸ɩǺҲҪϴ軻·ˣʥּⶫн𣿡
ѾѾĺܺ档
ʥּǻϵּ⣬ϾȨˣʥּ´Ƿۡ
ŴȨչʾһ˵ʥּʵذԱƷͬϸһƷΪᣬƷΪϬţᣬƷΪᣬƷƷΪţᡣ
ʥּĲʮֿΪϺò˿Ƴɵ籽֯ƷͼΪףûʡ
ʥּ˻зɵɫΪα־
Ϊĵ´йԱ͸λŰ䷢ھʥּɫԽḻ˵ܷĹԱԽߡ
һһԼϿڹʥּϢѾѾ
ѾѾʥּʲôǻǲΪʲôӸʥּҪϴ軻·
Ҹ˵ʱ򣬱Ҳϴ軻·İг˵ʱҲû˻ϴ軻·ģʥּΪʲôҪ⣿
漰һЩӵʥּʱҪصĹˣΪʥּǻϵּ⣬ʥּʱ͸һ㣬ǲٵġ
һһָѾѾ˵ʵĹѾǼ˺ܶˡ
ϸ˵ʽּ·ǰǰ֪ͨ׼㰸ٷ׼ϣæţͻȻʥּ£ȻʹҴææǽּġ
ʥּǻд˰ɣһ»дŻô鷳ǿ϶ûԸдŵġ
ҪĽÿθдҶҪô鷳õԺͲٸдˡ
⵱ϵǿǻûѵġ
ѾѾһһĽ֮ܽһ䡣
һһ
ϣҲܿϴ軻·ȻѾѾŵվԺ档
үҲǼˣҲϴ軻·վһ顣
ôȻ뵽أʥּҲ֪ҪЩʲô
ϻŵһֱڶȣ̲סү˵
ⱲӼĹپֻһѣȻ˸һӵʥּ϶ǲŵġ
үҪһЩԳ֪͢ضһ㣬˵Ϊ֮ǰµĺѾѾǰʱκߵģǰʱἰЩ鶼дӸ˵ˣӦҪˡ
⻹Ǻ˰ҿɲˡ
һǺ£Ͼ͵˲١
ѾѾվϱϣϸү˵Ļ˵ֹǺߵأһϽ˼ٱҰ飬үү϶ͺܶܶӵġ
ѾѾһһ˵Ȼ˵Ǻܶ࣬ǻϸǺǮġ
ĵλôߣһ£ҿ϶͸ġ
ܹϻϵģ϶ĵҪϺܶܶ࣬Խүүˡ
үӵûѾѾ˵ٱҵ飬ʣ·Ĵ峤ͼææܽ
ˣˣǿ׼ãˡ
ѾѾҪʥּˣڴͷһݵ飬Ĵ£Ȼܶ˹Χ۵ġ
ЩֻҪŵ˶ΧѾѾˡ
Ǽɶˣզʥּ
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յʥּɲʲô£˭ҸǼйϵģҿǸϽȥҴ峤ǶϾϵ˰ɣʡôỹҪһ
ϲԱȻ˵š
ϱţɲǣҪ飬ϻ뵽ǰΪԼʲôﲻɣ
ɣǼҷ֮󣬳˽һ㲻һ鷢ңҲûɶҪĴ°
ϱЦҪûɶ£һӷҵ˲ͻȻͰһɿܾǼҰҵɱˣȻҵӣڱ֣ŭ˻ϣҪɱǼˡ
ҵ飬һȻ
ҪʥּǴ£ĽˣԽԽǶͲ˵ŭ˴ּĹԱȻҲ塣
ôЩѾѾǼݹϵģĵŲţҪȥҴ峤ѾѾǼҶϾϵ
峤ûǣվѾѾԺſڣ۹æܽȥүһ鹧վš

⻰ѾѾܿҪˣڴһ££ϼ


247 

ˣʵگԻռŮңޥģˣ׺磬ߣͭӡˢֽйģطⳤ
ּĹʥּϵݡ
үӸ峤Գ͢һЩˣЩ±ơ
Գ͢׿Խ׵ŮӣߵķͲһǸ
ѾѾֱӷĹ
⹫ʲôǿǻϵŮĲܱΪİ
үҪʵʤǲǸˣʲôҲʣʲôҲ˵
ʳǵɻϵġ
ּɡ
ѾѾˣڱϷΪˣһһ˵Ļ￴һֺݡ
˵ȫδŮУˡ
߸˵ȥּˡ
˵ڱΪˣӦõлŶԵģھҲʹ˸ۡ˵ˣΪͻСļ˿ʱҪڴ棬Ͳȥˡ
ϰضָ㣬ھķˣ﷢չؾС
ѾѾȥʥּʱ򣬵ʤѻϽĻתѾѾ
ͬʱֶѾѾۡ
飬ҪһƽŮΪͦˣھȻôŮӣϸ˵˼ǣҪʲôʲôҪǿҲûʲôزɵǡ
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248 Ҳȥ

ʤҪߣĵط٣Ҫǡ
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˵ǹˣǰ˵ֻлϵŮǻϵòǹģҲǻϵŮҪȥ˾ǵĻǲǿھǺˣʲôʱȥǣԴ
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һȥĽϢ
ڴ棬Ͳˣ磬̫ˣǵȥǵʱٴҡ
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ѾѾԬ˶ߣǰСӹҲߡ
ˣҲˣҲȥʲô׿ԸϵģԺҲ統

ڵҵͦŸӵޣߡ


249 

ڸأ๫һû÷Ҫˡ
ͼ֡
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峤ˣԬҲ׽˻ȥľЩ˶ʶȤȥæԼ顣
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үӿĹص飬ֱѾѾصô죿ǹˣֱϻָˣɲʲôܡ
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250 סԼ

Ǳ۸˵СϱһָͷͰ͵ؿķ
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ѾѾүߣͷؿүӣĻ𣿿ֲİôޣҪҪɩһ飬Ǿ͸Ͼϵòã
үԭҲΪѾˣ޵ĻЩȷ˵ãҪһ飬ǵ͸Ͼϵϳȥ
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ѾѾЩƣҵǲǺ鷳ƽʱˣˣЩǼ֮ǰϵõҲԺһܰصС𣿡
үѾѾԴЦЦ˴඼ϲ׸ƵģȨˣ뿿ҲģֻҪסԼͲҪľǲҪȨۣҪԼ͸˲һ˾С
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251 ˮ磬ҽ

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϶ϽѾѾ˵ĻУϯǾЩ
ϴԱһ±ƣʲôֻǾúӡ
ϯˣҪһЩ˼ҡ
ǱѾ˵ˣȥ˵һһң׼شʱϴ뵽Ԭҡ


253 ү

Ԭү֮ǰǴ߶ҲͦģｨѧõʱҲ˲εϯ϶Ҳ֪ˣҪǲ᲻᲻̫ã
ϴЩԥؿѾѾ϶
϶νģԬҲûʲôϸ
ѾѾһѾѾԬ죬ãԬڸֳˣҪҪԬүǵÿѾѾ
ѾѾ˵أ
϶ֱӰѹѾѾ
ѾѾᶨҡͷ룬ԬүǻˣԩԬˣҲ
϶İ壺ǾͲ롣
ѾѾԸˣϴҲ˵ʲôһֱӻ˴ӡ
ش·ѾѾ˯һ˼ﶼûѹֱӾͱ϶ȥ˯
ǱھֻжʮֻǿԳԵˣΪ֮ǰҲòã˲࣬ı٣ǰʱ仹ôǺץ˶ˡ
ϲ˵ˣȥöǻ˼ʣûд죬еĻжٰٻ֮ǰϢġ
ѼӵĻǶһЩҾץһֻӦǹˣҪǲĻǰȥС
㷽棬ҲǱ¶˻ˣҪǲٹȥþС
ҲˣԺ㱨ȥջ
ϸԺ̵յ߲ˣϱʮܲʮײ˹峤ǼҲһٸʮײˣʮУʮƹϣѾ²˹ϱ˺ܶҰҰС
߲ԺҪѳСɽˡ
ЩټǼԺĲǿ϶ˡ
ϸǶǾģһ֪Щ˹˳ԻйԶˡ
УϱϱϱҵϱǼ춼æмǼòҲҪҸ˵Ѿˣܾǡ
Ǳߵ˸¥˻аζ¥ĳҲˣʱַ϶ǹˣǼҵ¯Ӳ֪
˵˵ţ΢΢šüģůĲ˻ûô࣬Ҳûôֻ࣬һ٣¯ӶǸոչĶѣҪˮ磬¯ӿ»᲻̫á
ҿҪڻʱ䣬ڳſڴʱ¯Űɡ
ۼҵθҲ̫ˣϴϱ϶ϱڳȥһЩľŴɶǹȥæһ¡
ϱԽԽˣֶ࣬ʱ϶кܶСȥģͲðæˣڷҼСУ˳ԷʱٳԷ
ɵذż飬ţְϴ϶嶼ϴ϶ģȲüœ·ӣǼȥ֪ͨǵңԶľͼȥͰ˽ӹ
壬ĴĸǸϵã㲻ȥˣȥү˾ǺˣҪûʲôµĻǽ͹ס£æɵ
ǼҵĴϲ£ҲȥһЩпܻƻյˡ
ǹùأ
ϴʱ뵽һ䡣
ֱҡͷú
ĴĸǶˣʲô
ϴЩǣʼǵĹùãǻ᲻᲻̫ã᲻ӰѾѾ
ᵽѾѾԥһᣬ޷˵ҡͷû£ܵԣѾѾøҪ
Ǽ֮ǰҲûôעع飬ӻǹúúõģ֪ôҪġ
ӵľֻѡ
һһεʧб䵭֮ǰЩ˻ģֻǲϧôҲǵĴ
ϴˣѾѾҪǸơ
ϵģ·ȥˣСϸһӣżҴ϶Ҳϴһ·
ϱҪԶһЩڻƻǱߣ·ȥĻҪһʱͼ˼ȥ
ϱҲԶǱϱһҪһЩֻǸϱ෴ķľͼ˼ţȥ
ϵҲ͸ڵܼҴ壬Ƶ߹ȥС
ѾѾ֮ߵԺ棬ֻһڰԺ߲˺࣬˶ڣ۾ȥϵĴȲһᣬ̧Щ˫˵ֶˣгԵ𣿡
СҪѼԿˡ
Ϸϵ߲ˣŴռһͣûбѾѾ˵ţɿ֣ȥ
ѾѾæɿ֣ʵɩأ

ȻģϵˣϵѾȥˣڡ


254 үǸʲô

ϵĵѾѾүĺӣѾʮꡣ
ʮٵʱҲͦˣõǻãЩƣΪ֣ƿҲԡ
ϴ·ǰʱϸĲġ
ѾѾҹϺ֮үҲûˣϴЩóԵĶȥҲ˲ٻȥ
ܼҵ˰ѶүӳˣԵүӲԽԽ֣ҲԽԽٱͳúͰףⳤԲ֮Եеɰ
ҵүҾñȴϳҪɰһЩ
ѾѾվߣϸܼҵˡ
үӺ۰ϣֻϵȴǸŮģЩһֱϲϣͲü˸
ѾѾô󶼻ûϵˣһֱ֮ǰϵȥˣһңָ
үҲŸѾѾĻŮŮҾŮñӶҪÿء
ѾѾһ֣Цеؿүӣ˵ү۹Ŷ
үӰŮô۹⣬⵱ү𣿡
ĸС˻വԷռҵ˸ܼҵ˶Ƕ֡
ϻӻ֣ˣô۹˸ϽԼȥɣ߾Ҫɻˣվǡ
ãҴүȥҵԺ棬ҽүֲҩ
ΪСˣѾѾ߸˵ǣү֣Ժȥ
ѾѾȻ̧ͷѯʣүСʱ򱧹֮ǰܶҲʶˣǶ˵Сʱ򱧹ҵģҲ𣿡
ү˫ʷ˫˻䵱У˵ȻճǻᣬҾͱˣֻǿϧ
ǻ֪Ů˺ӣĵܹġ
֪֮󣬻һܡ
ʵһֱΪʲôϲŮΨһĹŮôôģأ
ϲе鶼д𰸵ģһڱ˲Ը˵֮¡
һֱˣǶûŪס
ЩΪ˲ϲҲһֱȥˣ޵Ҳãǲ
һֱ֮ǰջˡ
˵Ӧǿٸģû˼ɻ䣬ֻȻ֮ǰͲɲͻģռڵӹԽԽãΪϸˡ
ҲүӾϺȵңռҵӻ᲻ùԺǲ˰ɡ
û뵽ϵˡ
Ůʹ˺ܾã󡭡
뵽үЦЦ
ǸúӣүܸһŮ
ѾѾɻգ۾үﲻǺˣУûô
ѾѾһһ²һ䣺һһ֣Ǵʡ
ү֪ԼԶˣЦЦѾѾãããﲻǺˣ˵ˣ˵˵㣬Сʱүܱ㣬ڱǵѾѾˣһˡ
ǵҳˣҾͱүԺүȥ棬Ҿͱүȥòã
ðүɵúúõػţȵѾѾүһ졣
үҲǸûŮˣӶӣѾѾΨһŮѾѾ͸ȳۻ
Ҳ޲ŻƲŮˣסϲôôɰСŮް
յ˵ϣһӰóġ
Ժ棬ѾѾүȥĲ԰濴
ү㿴ЩֵĲҩҴɽڹֵġ
ѾѾүչʾֵһزҩ
һزҩܶ˶չʾСʾôֲιְιȥġ
ټǶ죬ҩܶ඼ݻˡ
үüͷЩҩûֺðôֵģаƣΣֵҲ̫ˣָëҶҪˣϧ˿ϧˡ
ѾѾ𾪵ؿүӣү㻹֪ҩ
ղֻү˵ﶼֵĲҩû˵ʲôҩүӾȻȫֶ˵˵Ļ񻹻һ
һһҲͦȵġ
үеƵģֺϣ˫ۣ۹ɱȲү˰©ˣү֪ôֲҩүῴء
ѾѾŵؿүӣүô𣿡
үӺǵ⣺ȻүĶء
һһ֪ѾѾΪʲôеʱôԴԭŴүġ
ѾѾүӳ˺棬ߵүߣǣ֣ȥԺ£үʲôԽ𣿡


255 ֻ

үָͷϴ··ӰˣҺ˵ӡ
ѾѾ̾ؿүӣүҵҲҲϴ··ӣֻӡ
ѾѾ̾Ϣҡҡͷүҵʵ̫ѷɫˣүҺ˵ʲôҺҲŪ𣿿ҺôСܹ֮װ
ҾþװˮҲҪܶܶһװܹһںȵġ
ѾѾҲǳԹӵģɽЩҰӣʱ򣬴Ƕȥժԣ֪ӾͲ󣬺ܶܶӲװһӣҺ˾͸Сˣָֻ׸Ǵһ㡣
װװεģôĺӴ˯ϻجΡ
үӴͳһɰºɰϵӣɰĿĶһֵֻϡ
ѾѾؿĶһһɫĶӺɰ
ЩҺ˲ָ࣬Һ˲ܶ࣬ѾѾҺ˾һԲΣɫĺˣеӲͼҧζûҧ
ڿľһССӡ
үÿ
ѾѾһŵʮȵش
үӵͷģү˺ܶ࣬øģѵ岻ãֿϣΪ˲һֱܵˣﶼкܶأүٸ
Щ㶼ȥ棬ô涼С
үְеװɰ档
һɰݹȥѾѾ
ѾѾӹżүӵôһ˵ллүҺϲЩ
үŸոձ׹ֵͶղˣһصͷϲͺϲͺãˣүٸһЩ
Ҳү׼үҪʲô
ѾѾ֪ʲôֻһȡ͸ԼĶûκθġ
үӸˣɵǺǵأүҪɶүֻҪ쿴͹ˡ
ѾѾеˣϲүүģүļҸǼҲһģҪүǵ׾ͼˣⲻС
ѾѾҡҡͷȻˣ˫һڣүᵽǼסòãүÿ춼ˣ
үѾѾԴҡͷɲУүôסңүпվͻġ

ѾѾִүӽȥ鷿
ѾѾ鷿Ѿкܶˣүӻ϶ģһЩ׸Ԭ͵ģʣµľǴϵͳ̳һ鼮
ѾѾԼǴûȥ顣
˵ˣ˻⣬鶼̫뿴
үӾԼҪæɻģһֱѾѾ棬ѾѾ鷿һᣬѾѾһ鷿￴飬ȥҽͷʲôܰæġ
ﶼôˣѾѾ鷿Ǵȥүһᣬ׷˳ȥ
ϲשͷЩ̫࣬ȥ֮ܵȥժˡ
үӻҽҩģܶܶණ飬ϣүΪʲôôʲôᣬүǰҲǴ𣿿ʱôôȥүҿ
ѾѾ˵ϻ벻Լҽ飬£˵үҲ⼸ŻҽģҲ࣬Ҫˣһʮ꣬үǾչѣŴҩʱ䳤ˣѧЩƤë
˵֮ǰΪʡӣѧԼȥҩԼڼֲҩ
뵽Լĵӹô࣬ϵۿֹס졣
ѾѾŵˣæȥϲ᣺ˣҪõͻ˵۸ˣʱҵġ
ϵĴɩһɻѾѾĻЦİɣأǴ˭ġ
ѾѾҡͷǰ˵ӲͲ֪Т˳ģҪҰŪˣҲТ˳϶ҵġ
ϵ˵ѾѾԴε˵ţˣֻ۾Щѣûпޣȥ㼸ֶӸɡ

ϴ϶Ƕˣİĸҵ˶ˣ˶࣬С࣬ռҵԺӣһӾͱޱȡ
ѾѾֻΪŴȥ
ʣµĴȥæͷģȥæڷӵģ˶࣬ܿ졣
һգ۵ʱ䣬͵˵ڶ죬ʽʼ
γǶصҲ磬ȥҿʲôԼġ
ѾѾ˹Ҳ磬ֻ֮ȴæ档
ԬʸԬҲؾ͹æˡ
⻰үֵ⼸кüص㣬涼ҪΣǲ²ʲô


256 ä

㣬үҵģ˵СӴźã˯ʱͲجˣ򴲡
򴲵ĻѾѾԼġ
ʮǰ˯ˣ򴲵ԭһȥéجΣ;ҪǲجΣͿ϶򴲣˼һġ
ԬֲŮӣûȤҡͷӣҪⶫš
ѾѾҪУȥҵʱ˵ˣܵ㣬򴲻ðģôͲˡ
Ԭʵ˲ͺˡ
ŭǼҲѾˣ
Ȼ򴲵¶ȥⱻС֪ˣ϶Ѿ
Ԭڸ˵һժˣԬʵЩ˼ЦЦ⺢ӴСͱҳ軵ˣЩϲǲҪ
ᣬԬǸĺúӣѾѾ棬ѾѾ˲ء
ЦеؿԺ棬СһŵѾѾ
ϯſʼЩʵҲĴֻεȻؼȥʡѾѾռ˵طӰ¡
ԺܿͿ˲١
ѾѾǿԬ֮󣬾кСԺ
˵Ժӣôܾôܡ
ץҰץҰץˣǡ
Ԭʵǰ棬ź׷ɴߺȡ
ȻɲˣؿǰԬֵתͷȥ۵ԬүԬС
ԬϵЦݶʱЩӲԬүѾѾûǣǻʲô
ѾѾϻѾȥԬױƵ˵ûˣʱѾѾܹѴѾѾҴһԼóԵĵѾѾˡ
Ԭүû˵վߵԬС˵ţܵܣҸ֪ѾѾǺѣǼҰϲ磬Ǿܲܰʲôæ
֪Ҫˮ磬ʳĻ᲻ȥͷҲһֻɱõɽ򣬵Ҳһֻɽ㺰ѾѾһ£ЩȽϺʡ
ԬԴʶԬС֮󣬻ǵһο˵ôᡣ
ǼһֱԬС϶ڴʲô⡣
ѾѾԬǰ棬˺ܾöûȵץɻ߻ߵԬߣԬүԬСȵ˵ôҲû𣿡
ԬСѾѾЦݣǵ˵ţѾѾ˰أҸվˣҸȥǼЩ⣬㿴ⶫӦ÷ģҲϲ㱻ϷΪϣϲǵ
ԬСתͷһۺˣϾ̧ͷһͷ
ѾѾûгԹ򣬾һһó𣿡
һһ϶ӦóԣкܻĿ⴮пȫЫӻЩܺóԣţ˻ǿˣǲġ
ף
ѾѾȻɣԸȥѴ纰ǰ̧ȥҵȻȥô
һ̵ܳȥˡ
ԬСѾѾҪǴ򣬵ع˹ǡ
ѾѾ߹ȥҪѾѾֱۣѾѾܿЩüͷڸʲôأ˵˵ֶŵġ
ԬСһ£ϻЦݣѾѾԭ㲻ϲ֪ˣԺ˵ˣԺǻܼ
ʵҵһοʱҾ;ررؿɰҪ㽻ˣֻͱȽϱǲ˵Կֳ˲ٵᣬûˣ֮ѾöˣԺ϶Цˡ
ԺǾ͵Ѻ𣿾ҵܵѡ
֮ǰ֮ҵܵܣҲΪҼϵöѣԺҶټˣһŬõģԿҵġ
㿴ָӣ㿴ϲ𣿡
ԬССóһӣϵȵ˿ģһĵѾѾ֡
幤ܺãźܾ£ҪõȥȻܹܺõļǮ
ѾѾüͷԬС㣬˶ʱȽϺΪʲôҪҵСѵ㲻֪ҵĴʲô𣿡
ԬСɫһ£һãĲ֪ѾѾĴڲֳܱ
ܿЦȻӦȻǣֻǾѾѾֺܿɰһ־
ѾѾԴѵƽʱ˵ʱ뵽һ˵һ˽äǼǲס˳ģä𣿡


257 ֵĵ

ԬСѿ˼㣬ѾѾڵ̫ĶѾѾˡ
Ѿ˼ظ˵ôûѾͷǺãһ㶼鲻˵Ļ
ԬСתͷȥһŻָ΢΢Ц⣬ĵظѾѾͣȻ˼Ǿָ㱾һһֺܿɰĸоӵʱʶؾҪѾѾˡ
ѾѾ׷ʣ˼˵ҵĴɰ鶯㶼û𣿡
ԬСŬѹסŭ𣬿ڣȻǣĴҲܺʺ㣬һ͸߹Ƿʡ
˵˵ҵĴǸ߹Ƿʡ
ѾѾ˫ֻأؿԬС
ԬСָ棬ȴȫܲʹ˶ŭϯˣҪǿŷŭڱһЩŤΪȻ˵ţȻÿֶܸ߹Ƿʡ
ѾѾǺ𰸣üҾҵʣ߹ģ𣿡
ԬСһ᲻˵ˣֻҪشǻǲǾУͼ򵥶ˣ͵صͷӦţûˣ߹ˣ˵ǹһݵĵطһ
գ͸ݵһģǸһ߹󡣡
𣿡
ѾѾǺ⣬˵ҾҵĵҲͦõģźʡ
ԬСŹκһ˿ֺѾѾĻᣬͷûĵĺܶأ񣬾͸㰲ʱ˵ĸоһ
ԬʸԬүһֱڱѾѾԬСĶԻ
ԬүƲͷȥεöûۿˡ
ǼҸ˺ܶ꣬ѾѾ֮ǰѧΨһŮޣ֪һЩģ䶼֪ġ
ѾѾ־ֻ֣ĵ֣ԼɵŮƨ֪ĵȥˡ
ԬöЦˣΪԬСأû뵽ֻҪֺѾѾ֮ǰȻѾѾֶûŪס
ɹˣϴ϶϶ѾѾѾѾ㺰ǹʲô˵ʲôģ˵Ҳ˵֪˵ʲô˼
ɻ飬ϴ϶˵ʱЩһˣ˵û˵
ѾѾָԬСϷŵȫ˵ǸȰ̧ȥȥôóԡ
϶һԬСԬүŶһҲûǣ͸ϴһȥֻ̧
ˣ̧Ҳɡ
ͷأҪҪҲ̧ȥ
϶̧ʱ򿴵ϻͷ
ѾѾԥһᣬ˵һɣԲĻʱͷˣôҴȥԣǴˣٴȥҲ鷳
϶ӦţգҴͺĻһͷ̧ȥ
ԬСûвԼոְ˸ѾѾǼҵΪѾѾͬμϯˣֵⲻѡ
ȻСӣǺú壬˵仰͵ʲôˡ
ԬСرѾѾ
ϴ϶ǶˣԬС˵ȥûʲôҪæʱѾѾȻˣ˵ˣȻĶǶˣˣԬҪµĻԼԬʣͬͬɣνġ
ѾѾضԬСǶԬү̬ǲһġ
ԬС𾪵ؿѾѾʲô˼
ѾѾϵ˼㲻˵Ͷ˰ˣ㻹ʲô
ԬСڱסˣ˵ҵͻģ
Ȼգҵֶֻ֪Ҳ㵱ͻģѵ㵱Ѱ
ѾѾǿ׳һԬС
ԬСӦѾѾղǹڿӸȥģ˵ֵĵֺΪܡ
Ԭ̲סۡһЦ
˵ҪĻҾ뿪ˣʡﶪ۵ġ
˵ֿ꣬Ԭү㣬ȻôϲŮͻȥˣҸúܺãͲҪˡ
Ԭүݵſڣʣˣǡ
ԬʲԬүͣתˡ
ԬСҧѾѾãٴһЦӯӯſڣѾѾˣȷʵǲ֪֣ΪҸ㻹죬Ҳû˸˵ʲôҲ֪˭
ҲǹҪƭ㣬װԼ֪ģֻԲ˵ʵѡ
ҪڶһҾˣˣٹǸ


258 

ԬС߳ȥʱ򣬻һͷؿѾѾ
ƺڵѾѾ
ѾѾڸԬ˵ĲҾҲûô϶ǱĸŮƭ˵ġ
ԬүûߣִٵվһԿԬʡ
ѾѾ뵽һʽ̣ԬүɽỹҪԵģӦԬү˵˵ġ
ԬүѾѾ˵ĻƴصͷԶԶԣһҲˡ
Ԭʿյؿһּۣᶨҡͷһǲԩˡ
һѾѾߣǽȥɽҪôźóԡ
ԣǻҪȥɽ򡣡
ɽѾѾֳɹԬүˡ
Ԭǣȥ϶ǡ
Ԭүһ£ת뿪
棬ѾѾ˵ɽתϣ̫ˣԿȫĻͲ̫ʣȫʺһ㣬Χһϳԣɽȫնɡ
ܲһˣ͸ţžͺ˰ɣ򼹹ЩţϵʱͳЫӻ

ϯʽʼѾѾΪ˹ϱȥֻһҹõ·ϯϡ
ҸѾѾƣѾѾҲҪȾƣϰѾƱ˹ȥίؿϣ֪ʲôζġ
Ϻ˵ͺá
ѾѾҾҿĹ
ǶѾѾһ˶ѾѾĻЦ
ѾѾڵѾǹټгڳϱϲӣҪֳЩʲôҲûǰ죬ϯһֱеú˳
ѾѾṩķҲܿɿڣô޲ڡ
ֻǵ˵죬ĴĸһԼһһ
翪ϯʱֿտյĹѾ޵İҲŹɷִǿСǿҲ֣
ǲԼˣǴ˼ҹ
һȥѾѾҵԺӣͺԣÿģֶŮϷΪˣһ˸ˡ
ĴĸҲǴ˵ֶŮļˣǼڿɲͨˣǿǻ׹ݣöǻ׷ĹˣԺٻòϣʳȥˣǿʲôʲô;ܳԣһҪԵÿģԵС
ѾѾݵϳŷյܳ
ѾѾúÿҲãһȺУۡ
һ֣ĴĸͿȵ˵ϣѾѾڶǹˣôԳдǰϽȥĿˣùдˡ
ĴĸҲ˵ɲд˾ˣǹȽȥɣøǿģǶһˣԺҪء
˵ĸˣҲųվѾѾߡ
µһ۰ʹҡڵ߽ݡ
ڿףȻߵ¡
ѾѾüͷĴĸǺܸ˵ؿڣôˣ
ĴĸͬʱڣĴϲӣһˣôԲҶվˣȽȥԷɡ
˵ţǾһдǴ˽ȥԷ
ҺܲˣҲ뿴ǡ
ѾѾ͸˵ǻˡ
ѾѾԼѾǼǰСˣѾǴˣֱ֪˸ˡ
Ĵĸǻˡ
ҲͷۣѾѾԴˣȽȥԷɣƯǻڵء
ŶҾȽȥԷˣ˵ˣΪһЩ˾Ӱ˳Էģʲôʱ򣬳ԷҪġ
ϵͳ
˵Ĳ飬ԭŲģһԻһ
ԺܿͰͰĴĸǴ˾ڱϵţˮ磬Ҳ޵ģֻܵһԡ
ҺãѾѾ׼ʳ࣬춼һˣͷûҲõĲ˻᲻
ĴĸЩˣ˹ǣʱֲʲô𻨡
ȵϯˣٴˡ
극ѾѾܻطĽдˡ
ǹˣϷˣһûϣ֪ΪʲôҪҵǵ˹һ
֮ǰϲǼҵˣڶ˺ܶණǣֻԽԽϲˣ˵ˣĵġ
ҪҲˣǾͻԭӡ
зˣҿԹһˣؿ϶ġ


259 µľӪ

ˮ֮ѾѾ֮ǰʲôʲô
϶ѾѾ¥¥µӪԡ
Ϊ˳ȥ˵ˣҲк֪ܶ׷ĳʳ¥Сңʳ¥һ
϶ѾѧδѣùǿѾѾȥά⣬̫ʱģʳ¥øĸ
Ƕ죬鲻࣬ˣĸҪڡ
϶ѾѾ֮ǰ˵ĻˣѾѾ֮ǰ˵Ĺ̶һЩµĲʽʽҲУǵ룬㿴ܲܰæÿһ£ÿ£һ˾ˡ
Ҫǲʽ̫Ƶ̫Ҳãһѿˣʲôʱ벻ôʽˣǾͻԹԣȻܵľ¥Էˡ
϶ԼģϾ˵Ҳ޵ģʽҲӦ޵ģֻҪʱʱһ´ҵͲˣɲԼø
ѾѾͷû⣬ͰϣѾһˣǶ죬ǳԻĺʱҴھ¥ƳЫӻ£Ҫһ¡
ʣµ򼹹ѾԹˣЫӻԣһ˵ĺ
϶ͷҿУʱҾ͸ȥġ
ѾѾ룬ҪǿԵĻЩСйģĸģԷŵɽҲЩţȥ֮˵
ѾѾ֮ǰ뷨ǺϲĴ󲿷ˣ֮ǰҪֲҩʱͲŴȥˡ
ڲһҲطΧΡ
ҪЩ񻹲ҩɾȵĻҲԸŴһ𷢲Ƶġ
϶ܴ뵽ѾѾʲôҲÿУӦãʱעһµġ
ѾѾ˵̶ʱµĲʽ⣬˱Ľ飬϶˵˵⣬ˣȫ˶ϾЩ˱ò̫ãΪ˳۵ģҪĴˣǿ㣬Щ
ƹĸ˸Ҫ緹ÿܹдһǧˡ
㣬ЩöȽƽÿٷô
ȻˣÿܹܵӦûбģýԿ㵫ǳԲˣ컹ԡ
ѾѾֻ˸ţûô롣
϶Ļĥһ£ÿС
ǽǸԱˣҴֿ𿨣ֵֿͭͨҪһǾ¥ֵǧϵģͿΪ𿨡
ԷŶӣҿµˣԺƳ²ˣûҲһƷᡣ
н𿨵ĿԷܴ˵ۡ
ֵǧԳΪûûŶӣƳ²Ҳ۵ļ۸Ʒ
ƽʱԷԴۡ
ֵһǧǿԳΪͭûͭûԷŵۡ
ԱĻǿŪһЩƬͿϲͬɫȻŪǵб־ÿһſдָضıţֹα졣
ѾѾüͷһһ˵ǸֻԱƶˣΪмֶкܶܶĻԱϢҲܷǼǣõĻᱻα졣
ûмЩΪȥ¼ġ
һҪǻԱ̫Ļ׳
ǰڣѾѾûǲҪŪ̫Աĺã˵ղ˵ĶУֻÿֿҪһ£Ϊ˷ֹǵԱ˵ʱ򣬻ԱϢһˣͻŪˡ
϶ڲ뵽⣬µص˵ͷ
ҺøѾѾ˵ˣȻҪǵʱǼ̫ĻԱɶӵģһŪܾо޴Ŀ
ǰܵĻԱȿһڣһ¡
˵һԴһ˵ĻҲȥƹļ˳۸һЩ
϶űϼ¼ݣһҲȤһŵơʲôģʲôʱʱơƵĻǲǻҪŪܴ
ѾѾ϶˵ôãЩסˣӣɤӣֲҺȾƣˣҪȥˡ
𰡣СãĿԲơһҪİ
ѾѾһӾܵȥˣ϶Ͻ׷ȥں
ʳ¥ĳܴкܶͷȻæˣѾѾرܿ϶ﵽߡ
ɩҲ뿾㣬òã
ļҲһһṩͼֽģһӾͺأҪ㣬ЩѾģѾѾҡͷУվԶһ㡣


260  ˵

϶Ѿ׷һѱѾѾߣһһ˵˰ɣڳӰɩɻģǸȥɣǿԺú찡
ҲҪҪȥõС
ѾѾ϶ĻŤŤȥǲҪ϶˵
϶ЩΣúúãȥ棬ٸ˵˵ôơơ
ѾѾϲҼҾƣͬҲϲھ¥СĽɫ
ֻ̫Сˣ˲ЩǲģҲһ˻߲˶ѡ
ڴֻĺһȥҵˣˡ
СӵÿȥҲ죬ʱ˶ѾѾҪܵڿһЩͲˡ
ص¥Ǽ׼żֻСһϳԵģ˳һһôơơ
ơƵĹҪΪѿ顢ǻСˡȴ߸衣
ѿָѿ쳵֮ǰȱ͵ѿѹƳѿ
ǽѾѿǹˮںлϡ
һ޴Ļװˮڣװ轰Լ¶װá
ںУѿˮȺڣȻὫԵĵۺ͵תΪԵѿȡ"ѿ֭"
Ȼѿ֭˹
ǻѿ֭ڱй֮ǰڹ˲ȥеѿƤǣƻǡ
֮ĻҺйбȡƻζɫ
к󣬼ƻѿ֭ȥҪľƻʣͲԵĵʡ
ྻѿ֭ӻбó󣬱Ƚȴ
ѿ֭бĸʼ뷢͵ĳ
ڷ͵ĹУ˹Ľĸѿ֭пɷ͵ǷתΪƾͶ̼ơơ
һһһ˵˺ܶ࣬ѾѾĴֱò˵ˣѾѾʣʲôѿҲѿ𣿡
һһһ£ѾѾֻǸСѾͷŽͣѿĻǴĹʵѿƼӹƷڱϱó׻ǸǣӦöҵ
ҪҴĻȥңһԶһЩơܷͦʱ䣬֮Ըʱͻ
֮ͬҲҪܼӹѿջĴڣѿͣҪ졣
֮÷ɸȥСּ
ɸѡĴڽˮ23գͬʱϴȥʹˮֽȴﵽ42~48%
ˮĴڿͨ½зѿγɸʹʽܽ⡣
ѿ¶Ϊ1318棬ѿΪ46գѿ쳤Ϊ11.5
ɵʪѿѿ
ȻҪˮֹ֣ѿ͵ķֽãԱ㳤棻ʹѿγɸơɫ㡢ζʣڳȥѿѿˮΪ35%
ѿڳȥѡȴ֮档
ЩҪȥҪơƣûҪһһǵһͲҪ͵ֱںǷһӳˡ
øӰ
һһôơƵ飬ѾѾӾʣ֡
Ǻøӡ
ơô鷳϶ܺúȣ
ѾѾᶨš
Ȼ֪ѾѾôʲôһһҲơӦͦúȵģֻǸϵͳȲˣȻҲҪһ
ѾѾп꣬һһղ˵ĻǱҪȥҵѿ𣿡
һһ룬˵ɡ
ȻѿҲᱻҩʹãҩҲһЩģ̫ˣѾѾҪơƻֱȥɹһЩá
̫ˣ
ѾѾ˲Ǵ˼ѪһҪȥҶ˵ơƵ顣
磬磬
ѾѾܳȥҵ϶ƽʱ͵ķ䣬ƿŽȥ
϶дд¥µӪԣѾѾһ뵽ѾѾ϶ǹ˵ơƵģûʲô´˵ڻȽæҪǶӶԷˣȥɩŪЩԵģԵúܺõĻͲǺʵˡ
ѾѾ߹ſϣ϶ϵıʣЦеؿǹ˵ơƵġ
Ҫôơˣ
϶һӼվ̫죬ȿĵҲʹƹ߹ѾѾѾѾһ裬źүһź
ѾѾү𣿿ڿ𣿶Ӷ͵Ľ
϶ȵúܣѾѾȴܣ۾˵ţһЩ


261 ˵ǵķ

϶һѾѾ磬һѾѾҼ磬ĵѾѾүԸôơ𣿡
ѾѾͷ԰ôӦһ¡
϶Ȼ;ɻѾѾʲô£
Ҳʲô£ͺͨһС¡ѾѾԴعͷ϶һۣ˵ǣơƵҪҪҵ㵽ʱ϶ҪȥģȥʱҪ˵һȥ
ѾѾһһ˵ǾڱģҪȥͿ˳ȥĽˡ
϶üͷ⡭ⲻС£²УôС··;ܳģ϶ܲ˵ġ
ѾѾȫҵıǻ׷Ĺ˵үӸϿ϶ͬѾѾȥͬˣҲðմѾѾȥ
Ȼһ·ϷЩʲô飬ʱñϸ˰
ѾѾܿ϶֣϶ˣ϶棬˫ֻأе˵Ҫ㲻ͬȥ˵ȥҾͲôơơ
˵ˣơƿɺúˣȹһ֮󣬿϶ͻϵġ
ҿһԺȺܶơƣҲжġ
ơƻܵˮȣֱҪ̫ˣֻǿϧˣǺȲôõơˡ
϶һѾѾѧ˵ĸоƣȻвˣƫƫ̲סͷѾѾôúȣ
İʲôʱƭ簡ҿӦòϲȵˣǾ˰ɣȻ粻ϲơƣҲȥʲôԭˣһֱڼɣôڼҲȫ
ѾѾ˵ţνµأŷȥ
ѾѾ˽Ųϵͳһһ˵ᱻв𣿡
һһЩΣԭڴ⣬Ҷѧвˡ
һԼûаѧ̺õθС
ܿθоʧѾѾȥߣҲȥߣԽôʱ䣬һֱѾѾߣǰ궼Ǵڴģ²ſʼʶ
ԶҲȥǶѣҪܹȥʶʶҲܸˡ
ǣѾѾıߣ˵ʹϵͳ̳һЩơƳơҾ㲻ԸȣԸȡ
ֻҪǶơƵζסˣͻҪơһҪȥ飬ʤͻ˺ܶࡣ
ѽôû뵽취أǵȻȥҾͶһơƳ
ѾѾ˷ܵػ˫֣һᣬһһܺһ𣿡
ԣӦòϲȡ
ơûа׾ƵĶߣСΣûôѾѾҪơƵĻǲġ
ѾѾߵˣ϶ԥǲҪӦѾѾõİȫơ֮䣬ѡõİȫ
Ҳɲ֪ôơƣҲԸѾѾȥ
صӵʱѾѾ϶˵һܵȥˣܿʹͲ
ϵͳ̳һơƶװģ滹ӡ˺ö໨̵ָͼʱûеĶһһϵͳֶһͲͰơƵͲ档
ѾѾ̫СҲֻһޣͲͲؼҡ
Ժ棬ɨأѾѾæɨѣ߹ѾѾͲ˵ѾͷȥˣôôͲ
ûжѾѾһ˲٣ӦѸҵģ˵ơơ
ֹţʲôơưֻ׾ƣ׾Ƶĵģûơơ
ѾѾͷͣơƸ׾ƺ׾һȵģ˵ˣơƻúһ㣬ûôСҲܺȵģԴҲҪһ㡣
˵֮䣬ѾѾѾߵݣѾѾĻüͷСӼҼҵģʲôء
ѾѾԼЪţֱ׳Ӧ˵ҿԺȵģǲ˵Ļ𣿡
ԥһᣬڣǾͺһɣȶˡ
ܿ죬϶ҲϵͲһѾѾʲôѾѾһһ˼䡣
϶˲ͲˣϴҲˣǶţŷơƺȡ
үģһѾѾϾƨƨߵȥұӣһ߸ӳ
͵ÿһԼһĶǸ˺СܺȾơ
ҲûȤһЦеؿš
ȣɱСڼû˵ʸ
Ҳֻܸɿš
磬ơ
϶Ͱ಻סˣѾѾһڣϾšͲĸӣﵹơ
ơƶصζűһ˵Һ壬һڿˮ
ѾѾһʱӺһڣѺȵһ˳
ƭң
ͷеί
үӸ϶ǵǺȵúܺá


262 Ҫȥ

үӻϴ϶嶼ѾѾóơơ
үʲôܲԼʱ򣬶ѾѾش϶Ѿһж˵ˡ
ѾѾҪһȥ£϶Ҳһ˵˳
үӻζŸոպȥơƣһᣬ˵ȻǾѾѾһȥɣѾѾڼҲûʲô£ȥʶʶҲǺõģֻǣҪˣҪȥҲȥǻҲûô䡣
ǣѾѾ֮󻹻дʲôʱճɵİ
ѾѾʹһһӦ߰·ݵʱճɵģǴҲһ棬ǹȥ϶Ҳ򵽵ġ
ǵжù갡
ѾѾȻܴǶʱ仹û̫ĸֻ֪Ҫģȴ֪ʲôʱ
үһʱ䣬ʮ³ˣжʮҪꡣ
ѾѾүߣүӶǻжʮҾͿȥ𣿡
үӺЦص˵ѾѾıͷǿɲУûʮ嶼ˣԻõȵʮ֮ȥ͵õȲʮȥˡ
Ҫôð
ѾѾſȥЩʧ̾˿
үû϶ȻҪȥʱͺú׼ҪʲôȥҪãҼ书һǱϾûȥôԶĵطҲҪŪһЩ
ѾѾС̫ˡ
үӸ϶ȥ֮ǰҪõ׼
ѾѾһᣬȤȥ˵˽ڵ顣
˽ҪҪһ󡣡
ϱѾѾЩε˵ţ⺢ӰǵųԵġ
ѾѾϣǲųԵģҪʲôҪ𣿿ҪԱˣȥġ
⺢ӰԽԽ˵ˡ
϶ЩΣѾѾһ취ûˡ
ѾѾͷϣԺòã
ϣ

ѾѾҪȥش飬һҪĽϵģһص鷿ͿʼĽдš
ддţĽϺܾûлˣһһһһĽǲѾ˰ôһˣ
һһ
ɽϣںϣһĺҺ
·ѱʪ
һ£ʮվںϡ
˵ʱ
ǡɤۣСһţȴû˿ȴ

һգۣ˽죬ѾѾҶǺȲڵģŵ㻨ŵƶ˼˼һ¾Уǽ겻һ
ѾѾҲԵģȫǰմͳ
˴סСסס޲ס桢ӡԲ͸ֶ࣬춹̶ƶڶܿȡ
˳˺һ뻹Ҫȵڶ롣
ԬʼҲܾ࣬ѾѾҵĶӺóԣһԼ˸뵽ѾѾ
ѾѾԬԺ࣬Ԭ˵ҹҪȥˣʱһ·ȥĽϵģжҪҰĽ𣿡
Ԭ𾪵ؿѾѾҪȥĽˣҿԸһȥ𣿡
ѾѾϵҡͷ̫СˣܸһȥȻΣյġ
ԬֵؿѾѾĵ˵ţһСɣ
ǰѾѾһ㶼صͷұôҾԼһȥ϶Ҳûġ
ѾѾԴĽ֮Ǵˣ˿϶ȥĶµġ
ױƭ
̵ֱԬʣΪѾѾҳŻȥ
ȥ֮ǰʮظѾѾ˵һȥ֮һҪ˵ͬҸһȥģôСȥˣҿ϶ҲȥģﻹҺܴ
ѾѾ˸ۡ
࣬Ϳʼȥࡣ
Ҫȥ峤ңң󷢼һࡣ
ɶǴȥͣǣҲѾѾװһЩǼԼࡣ
һѾѾ಻û٣һЩ
׼ʱ򣬿ų࣬˵컹ʣ˺ܶ࣬ϾͲˣ㳴ˣҾһ˰ɡ
ã
ѾѾɵӦţܵԺȥ϶磬С𣿡
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ɽϰɣȥ˵һ£ѺɽңȥȦһֲҩһС򣬵ʱүֲҩ


263 

ȻضѾѾˣҪôĺɽҪȥǱߵǼһ¡
ҪǼǣҪӡ
ɽͷӶڵռҶԣӦòʲô⣬ѾѾֱӰӵԵ
϶ֵؿѾѾô뵽Ҫүæֲҩأ
Ϊүֲҩ
ѾѾ˵Ȼ
˵꣬Ŷȥˡ
һһ˵ǸٽʱǻźٵģڻܳѾѾҲҪź٣͸һһȡ˹֮ǰμڣѧ书Ҳѧҽˡ
ΪѾѾʦȻֺѾѾúѧϰȻ˼ѾѾǹұ
˵ֱӸһ¼ؼȥꡣ
ôõ飬ɵӲŻܾ
ǣѾѾǳˡ
㻹úѧϰҽ㵱һ㶼Ľ㲻ȥ
һһǸεϵͳѾѾźٵѾ˶֣ҪŬ˵һ¡
ѾѾſùӰеķıһ£ν˵ţĽ϶ˣҲ֪ǲˣҲŲżء
һһ
ȷ
ΪëоѾѾĽһ
ҪѾѾֻ꣬ʲô˼ĻôΪˡ

ѾѾڻʲôƻֻܵȵ֮ʵʩˣǰʱ䣬ÿŶ㣬ɣǵܡ
һɽȥץ䵥ҰҰãһȥץ
ٹ껹ʮʱѧҲżˣүӻɰԼǶˡ
ѾѾȥҰĺӾ˼
ԴӰᵽ֮ԬʶԺˣԬ˴Ǹģ˼ȽȽҲûбԬʾҲѾѾĴҴܡ
Ҫࡣ
ҲÿǶ죬⼸Ӷ䣬ȻȥҰûǺҲŹ
ϱǳѾѾȥϴ裬ŰȥϴСһЦ
СεؿŰɣɲ⺢Ұˣ¹궼ѧϰӾͲʹһ棬ǻˡ
ϽŲһ£뵽һЩ飬˵˵֮ѧþͻˣɣɣǼͻСģǲҲȥѧˣ
ǰǼӲֲɣɣɻ飬ۼҲȱˣӵĽҲø˰ɣ
ʶѾѾĺӣеؾСҪĺãĻĻ뵽һЩ벻顣
СЦЦɾͲȥˣǺӾͲǶϣŹѾѾϼ־͹ˣûҪȥѧռλӡ
ɸɻÿǵ˼
Ҳԡ
ϾѾѾԺˣѾѾȥСϻָ
ѾѾϸС˵Ļ˵ɩҾö鲢ǺΨһĳ·Ȼĺܺã֣ǴɶǾûȥѧö顣
ֻҪҲܸ֣Ҳúõѧϰ˵ĵͿˣԺǿԳΪˣɩþźġ
ҪǴɩźˣҲȥѧõģ˵ˣֻҪ飬Զ̫߰ʮˣֻҪһҲǿԼġ
ϱѾѾĻҭס𾪵ؿ
Ҳֻ΢źһ¶ѣȴҲûбֳѾѾ⺢ӣȻ
Ѿͷֲôϲˣզͻء

ܿ͵ʮˣֻʣʱˣ⼸ķΧԽԽŨ
ҪڼɨѾѾ͸϶ȥǱߡ
ʮˣʼŴڼٵӡ
ѾѾü͸׼˽
ﱾĶ⣬ϴȥ׼˺ܶ⣬˲ٵĴ׶Ǳߡ
ǱѾͣѶʰãɨϰԱĵϣѾѾǹߵȱ졣
ǰҲû򹤣ǹǰһſʼż٣żٻûǮŸֵûȥϹˣȻǰͷż٣Ҫŵʮ֮Ϲżڼ乤Ǯշ⹤ǴŵҲš
˵СҽҪǷսнˣҲ֪ᷢٽʲô񡣡
ǱҪս飬Ѿ˸ļӡ
컹в˶Χۡ
˴򹤻ᷢģ黹ǵһμ
Ҳ֪ǲأⶫҲɵãƽʱǮշͺܲˣ˵ĹǮͱȱ˵ĸˣҪĻʲôǶһɶӰ
Ҳԣ˼ҿɾΪӵģֲƵģզܻǷôණҿǴʲôȲˡ


264 

ЩûˣЩʵģҲ˵ʲô°ɣҲ뿴Ĺ˹̫˶ѡ
Ҷ²صſ֡
ڵͬҲǸ߸˵صǵĶҹ
ϴ϶ĶˣΪ̫ͷǼҾһһţװ͸峤дǶ˰峵ơ
һһţǰ棬ϴŰ峵ľţ϶
ѾѾ档
϶عͷȥһ̽ͷѾѾЦε˵˵ǰҲû򹤣ôûĶأ׼Щ񣬶üµĹǮˡ
ѾѾһȥ˷ţ϶Ļ˵ڿԸҴ򹤰ͿһõĶˡ
϶磬Ҳܸ򹤵ġ
ȻʵϺҲѾѾ򹤣Ǽϵġ
ȷãֻҪϣͿԼװʵڡ
϶˵̾һ
ѾѾź溰ĸ磬ҪЩðҪǹˡ
ϴģ
Сѵһ㶼Ƴôֻ᲻ᶳ˵

ΪҪȺİ峵һ·ѾѾǶߵñȽһʱ֮󵽴塣
ˣˣĶˣҿŪ˺üİ峵ϻ߰ͷ
ʲôôòҪҷİɣ
ĽòҪɣ
Χ۵Ⱥ֮һѾѾǼҵĳӣԼ峵ϵΧȺڶʱˡ
׷ײ²ⲻѡ
𼱱𼱣ķˣҲÿ˷ˣһٶأ߰ͷȥÿҲͷָʮʮˣҲͼǮ£ôó⼸ǮҲġ
ӦҲбĶˡ
ԣķˣӦҲЩˣбˡ
ҺܿͰԼס
ѾѾѾϢҲ档
ĹҲǰĴ峤æŴҳȥӭǡ
ѾѾŹº²ȥҼ˹ǼҰѶȰɣмͷţﻹмס
˵һ룬ѾѾȻԼöˣæܻȥһľӳ
ľӺأѾѾʱ嶼Щȣ϶֮ͣۼؿѾѾˤˣæӹϵľӣ˵ͲҪôصĶ
УҾҪԼãҪԷЩ
ѾѾľùȥ϶ζ
϶εعıӣ˵ȰһᣬȻỹԼв
ѾѾͷУǵԷС

Ǳߴ˰гĶǿЩЩţ֮ЩؿѾѾǣֱѾѾǰѶ̧ȥǲŰѶ̧ȥ
Ҳȥɡ
һ͹ֵˣŴţ˽ȥ
²ȥҼɱ˹ǰЩˣÿݷֶʮͳɡ
ϴȥʱԭֱӷˣֻǶɢ֮󣬾ͲװˣһͷķЩ
ĴǰֻǺˮˣǼҿ˲ӣ֮ûֱɻ
ѾѾһ˵ֱ˳
ѾѾͷֳ˺Ҽȥⷿٽ۸ٽɳ
ΧȺ֮һֹôզֶö˶˵ػ۳ɶѵ컹Ҫȥͻɣ˵ʲô쿪ʼͷż٣ҲǼٵġ
ǣ˲ֱӷֶ⻹۸ɶòЩҲҪȥ͸˵İɣ
϶վЩ˽ǵĻͷһۣϵľӽϴȻȥк˰ҰЩ׳Ƴÿݶʮȫꡣ
Ĺ˶رڿ죬رĻѾѾһ˵Щ˾ȥ¡
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ۣɶһٶݳ
ѾѾؿŵ϶ѷŵĶڵСϳʱˡ
еĹźöӣöʮ⣬ʮףɣߣÿ˶ս鳤ɣӡ
ΧȺˣ
ЩȻǽ񣿶Ҳ⣬дףккɣжӵս
鳤Ҫӱ
Ĺһߵϴ϶ģѾѾǰȻһöòסĶΧ۵Ⱥڶˣ
ѾѾĻû˵ꡭ


265 

µģеĶʮս
⣬ڼ䣬Աȥʳ¥һٷ
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һٶ˰ɣ÷ȥӰǮ
ΧȺں濴ȥˣĹŶ춫ģԼƲסǰȥһϽˡ
ʱҶˣԺһҪйעѾѾǼҵϢ˵ϢȵˣһҪһʱС
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طŵһߣīˮɣдģһҪдţ͸Ԭʻ滨ǼңֻϧĽڲסڴ棬Ȼҿ϶ҲҪǼţǿڴſڣкܶԳˡ
ѾѾϧ˵š
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ѾѾʣµĺֽݹȥүӣԼдõļݣ˵ҿǷݣֶǲȻˣҰȥ͸Ԭʸ滨

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ʣǼѾôˣûطˡ
ԬȻᵽסˣǹʱҲнùģһ˿ǼΪӹöأⶼԲ
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ңҲ˲ĶԻ֪ѾѾд֮󣬻ǲ鲻Ըˡ
ѾѾ˴ȥһ£Żؼȥóһָ϶ڼĳ档
ѾѾһд˴óȥˣű˶ˣˣ͸СҲ˵ˣǼҴûûõĻȥд
ɲǼ䣬ԽԽȥԬҸΧѾѾдĴ
ĸѾѾ߱İҹ˾ʱ򣬰ѴҵĴ˺ͻؾǡ


266 

ʮһ磬滨ѾѾѾѾ
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ѾѾȵ緹ǳˣ滨ȥҿҵĳ档
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ھȻ˵滨ҵĶ͵ˣ֪Ǻö˭ȥ͵
ǣѾѾڼ滨двٵĴѾѾǼҲдһ
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ѾѾдǸȽϽӵһӾֱҵȥˣټѾѾ滨Ķ͵ˣҲŻǺöһѷعѾѾдˡ
͵ˣ
үЩ⣺Ǹ͵͵ƽʱǵöȱԣ
ܣõİϵ
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ʺȻعɡ
ʺŷſվ˺ܾãΧ˶ˣߵֲòѡ
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ԴӴûʼϾѾȥ飬ÿ궼ž۵ӣÿʱҲǻȥѰ˵ӡ
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267 

ӦҲǵ˰ɣ
ʧʱ򣬲꣬ǲµͣôСĺӣҲ֪ô
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ôˣϳ˰οҲ֪ʲô
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߶ʱأǼҲز졣
һʼʱûҵˣ͸Ӳˣô꣬ûκϢ
ү˵Ҫ¿ƾ٣Ǹ˵ģΪ߳ˣû뵽ǡ

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ԣǶҪú书

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268  

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269 

װ롣
϶Ҳûףһᣬ֪ôش
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ѾѾˣʵǾ书õ˾ͲøȢ𣿡
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Ҫûʲô̥ǻǰ̺ۣӦþһŮ
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һڴ޳еĸ֮䣬ԵЩᡣ
ȥĺӺܿǰĺӴ
½½˲ˣΪȢˣǶģѾѾһο˴ܣǿô˴ܣһֱ˷ܵڸǴ


270 Ҫʦˣ

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ͣݸ߸磡ͣ
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ѾѾƾԼѧ书µľָڳ㵸͸Լڸ˴һ
϶ЩΣ˶ס۾ֻҪѾѾͿԼװʶ
Ϊ̫ͲҪ˰ѾѾ͵ĶǸ˶Դˡ
ڣܲˣѾѾһۣ졣
ѾѾһ£ίؾ͡
˵ˣʱǿԸѡּ͵ģǶԲѡֵء
ѾѾСظ϶͡
Ϊ֪Щ˶ģ鲻ã֮ǰЩĵİ
ϾֻһСô׵һ䣬ѾѾۿˡ
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ʦѾѾ뵽ʲô͵̧ͷ˵ԣҪʦȥúýѵǺˣҸ˴УԺ϶ҲúöԴ˽ģһֱӮȥĳ˽ɷˡ
ʦȥɣôһܹӮġ
ѾѾڴؿ֡
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ѾѾصͷǰǰʦȥɣոǸأʦҪǶΪұ𣬾ûΪұˣԺʹˣ۸ˣҲΪ㱨ġ
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̨ϣӵĶֱ̨վ̨룬ֲ˵ţûҪ
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271 ˭

Ҷү˵ͷ֪ˣӦúܿҪ鵽˵ɽصݵǼץˣҪ֮ǰ˫°á
ܼ֮һֱҶ߳ᣬ˵ӲˣҲģֻҪ˫ܿ˫޸˼ҾУֻǺһֱǵĿģŪʲôףһʲô𣿡
Ҷ˫ִҪŪʲôףҶҲûа취ֻǵףлЩĵˡ
ҶүҶ˵뷨һ෴ñⷨͦá
ЩĲˣҶ˫޳ȥˣҲǵ˲Ź
ñķʽףôлľһЩ书ǿˡ
Ҫʲô£и书ǿ˱ţҲܰȫһЩ

Ҷ˫֪Լĵ۵飬ھ¥ϵİǹ
Щ鲻ԸȥѾѾǵ档
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ѾѾһ·ϴ¥ϵľ¥Ҫܶ࣬װҲֻ࣬Ǿ¥Щ
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ҪδʦĸļױҾδʦĸѾ¥ҴԣҶУֻҪÿ·Ӿͺˡ
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ѾѾһ˽ȥʼҶ˫ڴǣڴ֡
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ֱʾǾʿ۹ߵúܡ
ѾѾſվˣԼ߽ȥţҶ˫棬ֵĻ̫ͬҡҡͷʦ˵ǲԵģ˵ˣ˾ӦʿȣǿһŮҲҪϵ˵Ư
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Ҷ˫Լϱ̤ˣǳȥ֮Ͼǡ
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Ҫڿʱ£Ͳˣȷʵġ


272 ҶҴլ

ѾѾȻúó
һ뿪ӾͱˣԭǴĺӣ϶ôͿ顣
ڡ
Ҫʦ㻹Ȣɣûӡ
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ѾѾ̾˿ҾǾ³ˣҲı䲻ʲôˡ
ΪѾҶҵˡ

Ҷ˫˰ǹڲ档
ѾѾԺɲȥˣȥ֣Ҳ˵֪𣿲Ȼпܾͻˡ
ȻΣǸ˵̵ʱǲŹᣬʡ´Ƶ飬ֳ
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ϴ϶ҲһңֵûлָֻڲݶţϺܴݣһ㶼ġ
ѾѾרЩصĵطȥңϾﶼдģԽصĵطԽ֡
϶ǸղŵĲݶ̧ߣȻϲ˵и
ԭݶѺи󣬿ǹѾѾһСȥˡ

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ڴĵطѾǾ¥Ҷҵլ档
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һȥ


273 

񷿸ķӽһ飬ѾѾС굽˲񷿺棬Ҫȥǰ濪ţ͵ƹһŷӡ
ɫ֮£լЩ谵ټһﻷ죬˺ܾöûҵ񷿵ſڡ
Сֳɲ˰ɣѾǵˣǰĸҲ֪ʲôˣ
˵Զش
Ͻȶ
һһ£ѾѾ㵽һ棬ǡ÷Ųûйϡ
ʵ¹⣬Ӧ˺ڰ֮ѾѾҲģģؿⷿڵĶ
Ȼϲ˵ףǼҵ鷿һҮ
ǣû
һһЩǶ㵽һ鷿棬ôϲžСԻ·
Ǽ˱Ҳ֪ôˣСҲûȥͷҪǶ𣿡
ôʲôֻҪС˵ͳˡ
˵ϣЩ˲ûߡ
ѾѾϵģ֪Ϊ˲û˷ԼʱͲ׷ڵϣҪЩ߿
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һһǸղ˵ʦѾǵǾ˵ҶСѾˣΪʲôûм޳ȥѵЩҲǸʦһΪȢȥģҲ̫˰ɣ
ѾѾǵøղžһʼĻ
һһҲ֣˵ҲܹеֵģҲһȥʱͶʦҩˣ㻹ҪСЩҪץĺá
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ѾѾСȭͷޱȵؼᶨᶨִһЩС˷ܡ
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⼸үҲЩ֣˶˺ܶˣ˵ǷȥˣҲ˵ǲɢؼˣ֮ǰһûУҲкܾЩ
Ǻү鷿ˣȷүѾ߳ȥ˰ɣȻ˵һ˸ô죿
İɣҸոտү˸С˵껰֮󣬾ͼææسȥˣʱӦòˣÿЪһᣬ鷿ůˣҲү˲ڣҲѲߵôڿˡ
ҲǣǼ˶ˣסֽţ϶ֲʲôģ㻹˵鷿棬ȷʵǱطҪůЩүҲǻطѡһôů͵ĵط鷿
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ѾѾЩԥ˵𶯣˵ĶҲ㶯ģȻͲǾΪ
֮ǰŸշʡԼΪڲôˡ
̽ҪҶҵ飬ֻ͵͵ȥ飬ûµġ
һһҲǺҶҾЩʲô캦飬ѾѾҪľͿΪ飬ʱɹ˲ϾӲӵġ
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ѾѾ˵ˣ˯Ǵô춼û˷֣ѾѾҲͷĵ鷿߶
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ѾѾָʾ£һƿҵһ˱
˱˱ΪʲôҪصôأǼҵ˱ֱӷݣҲûİ
ѾѾƲƲ죬󣬺ܸɴذ˱ص·档


274 

ҵҪҵĶѾѾϽ뿪鷿
˯øһѾѾȥǶûз֡
լҲ˵һ˲࣬ѾѾֵͲԺУȻһҲû
ֵͲİæټһһɨ裬ѾѾ˳ؾҵ񷿡
񷿵濪ˣ棬ֻҪһ
ѾѾһʱ书СһӾͰ
϶ִ߳ѾѾǰǿ·
Ϊ˱ǻɣѾѾֵͲѾˡ
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󵱼ڵ֪ѾѾǱҶҵץ֮󣬾ͼתҶҵĴȥ
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Ӧʲôɣ֮ǰӲ˺ü䶫𣿿ܾЩġ
ѾѾ鷿﷭Ҷʱ򣬼ݶҲˡ
ֻ鷿̫ѾѾֵͲóûд֮ǰҲûѾѾôѶóģֻΪǰѶϡ

ѾѾһ·ֱץȥôã۵òУصջûã˯š
һ󵱼ڸ϶㱨Ҷҵ顣
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ѾѾһһ
ã˱Ѿˡ
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ѾѾŶһҲûһһ˭˱һһҲû˵ζŸûжϵ
òصôص˱϶ʲôö֮ǰĽһõ˱һǱ˱ܰ˺ģ˱ӦҲǲġ
˾͸ӺãȥӦôˡ
ѾѾãӳϵ緹϶ǽ컹Ҫ·𣿡
ţ͸·ȥأһ·ɲȥˡ
϶ˣѾѾֻŪʲôһûôˣ˶ġ
ѾѾһ࣬ĵͷ֤ȥˣǿ˾ͣҪȥĽϡ
ջ緹ûм緹óԣѾѾһ㣬˵ˣ϶ǣǿߡ
˶ЩΣسЩʳֽЩԵģ棬ѾѾ˿Գԡ
϶ȰѾѾ
󵱼뵽ʲô˵ץҶ˵˵Ǹʲôġ
ѾѾƿӣ̽ͷѯʣ˵𣿻Ҳˣ


275 ͬ

ѾѾԻеӡ֪Ǹù٣֮ǰΪæʳǵʳܹȫ
Ѿˣ⵽İĵطһ˵֣Եر𼤶
󵱼Ҳ֪ѾѾʶֻѾѾˣͻش𣺡ô˵ġ
ѾѾʣǻģҶ𣿡
ȥʱѾˣǰץ˰ɡ
ѾѾ϶磬磬ǿȥһҸѣ֪˸ǣһȥе˵ģҪҵ˸ǣ֪Ҽһ棬ҿ϶Ҫġ
Ϊ϶ͬȥһѾѾԼ
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Ǿס
ֻǣҲеɻ
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ԼһУӾͻ࣬ٳʲôֺҲõĻòˡ
ѾѾűûٴĸҡͷ
òɵеϵģҪѾѾȥ˾ǣ֪סĵطҪҪݻʱ򣬲֪᲻ᵱ˷ѣûϰѻʹСһأ
ĪؾЩڴˡ
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ѾѾŻЩ֣ô֪ǹģԼˡ
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ԭֲأǽΪʲôΪҶʶأ˵ˣǾֻлϵĽúͻϵŮܷΪǲǻҪʹʲôҵʱһʱСдˣ
ѾѾǵǵʱҲġ
ϻûʲô飬ҡҡͷǡ
ѾѾιʳڴˣ
ѾѾ˵ţҰΪҪҶ绹ʦȥǼ׼ơˣơƵԭڱҪȥԭȥ
ǼơƺܺúȵŶҸ綼ϲȣʱˣҲȺòã
ûơƣֻ뵽ĸ˵Ļ͸ѾѾ˵΢ҲҪؾˣ˳·ԸͬС
ѾѾϲشӦ̫ˣǵȻǾһ𣿻Ҫһǵ顭


276 ﾩ

ҪҶҵѺͻؾǣ֪˵һѺ˸ѾѾһ·
Ҷҵڶ棬ѾѾƿ˺ܾöûҶ˫Щ棬ʻ壬ҶҴСأôں棿
ѾѾʱһһЩɻ󣬲һһ϶Ƕɻ
ôᣬȴ峤ˣѾѾ峤Ǻġ
ھȻ壬ôЩ֡
ǶŵȻѾѾ
ѾѾŻش⡣
ԣ˵ҶҴСѾ˴ˡ
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Ļֻţû˵
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ѾѾţ˾Ϳڻߡ
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ѾѾͷؿŻĸͲ࣬϶Ѿˡ
ʣҵ˾ǿԸĺһҿԸһҼҾϷġ
ޱӦûмˣûгףûкӡ
ѾѾȵءһæǸ˼壬Ҳ֪ôģǲ˵ˡ
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⣡
϶뵽￴Ҳ϶˶뵽һ⣬дŴдʣ˵˾֮󣬻ϻ᲻ᷢˣȻѾѾˣҪǾ·ȥǣ
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ƺһ㶼ѾѾղ˵ЩӰ죬ѾѾʲôǺĵػش
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ô˵Ǻ«ǾǴȥĿǾǵ˶ϲ𣿡
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ѾѾȵؿŻҵĿζһҮҵҲϲԾ²˳ˣôˣǺϲԣȻֻϲ²˳Ҿÿˡ

·һ룬Ҫ³ȥѲ飬ѾѾ
϶ڴѾѾ⣬ʵΪʲô尡һСأƽʱǽи𣿡
ѾѾڲŷӦԭԼһֱлģһᣬڣҾý峤þͺ尡ҿ뺰ˡ
ú壿
гúģ
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϶ֶһ±ơ
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ųˣѾѾͿʼпǹȻһŶôϸ񡣡
˳ǣҪȥ£ʣѾѾһˡ
ˣ󵱼һ
һ·ϸ󽫾ͬУ֪ôġ
ڻ֪ѾѾǹ顭
⻰һ£Ŀеʮǰ


277 Ѱ

ѾѾһ˶ûҪһϵĴ㡣
ѾѾǾԼֲʶϣȥҲû˵
϶ǾֻҪϲǾУǾԲѾѾͶġ
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϶ֱӴѾѾȥҿջˡ
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ѾѾǵһǰһš
ǵĽֵҲܸɾĥúƽʯ̳ɵ·
·ԲǵôݬС̯෴ǺӣӵƶǲĿɫһۿȥͺ֡
ӵкܶ࣬һСӣȻȥһŵĴӡ
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ѾѾ˲Ȼ𾢡
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϶ԭЩʵڹһ˳
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ҲʲôϡеϣҪһһҵȥңҵʲôʱ򰡣
ѾѾ֪϶Щʲôͷ԰ҾôģǽеˣȥҰɣǷֿȥң˭ҵ˾ڿջţȻٴһȥ
ιɸĽϴ˲ٶأ˿϶ܸ˵ġ
ѾѾʱװ˺ۣܶкܶɣϸ˲ٵأĵѾˣֻĵشӿռһ˲ٵһƬúֽܶܶŰõġ
ЩȻɿˣ
ѾѾ³裬ĶŻǺܹġ
϶εؿѾѾɰ˵㡣
ǻûȥҵḶ́͵ϤǵĹ˰ɡ
ڶһ磬ѾѾ𴲳˺ľ緹˳κ˶̫֭Ӧζֱ˶ӡ
˵ǵôóԣӻǲġ
ѾѾԵû㿪ġ
꣬ͱ·ȥĽϣѾѾ϶һ·󵱼Щ˷ֳӡ
ѾѾǳŶߣ󵱼ǳߣǵĶǴٹ˾ۼĵط
ǶʹڶʹסŵĶǵλԺյĸ߹١
ѾѾ߶ЩǲĴһײǾͲˣҾӦòסߵġ
϶ǺܽܽĻʹͼȰ˵ѾѾ뿪
ʡôᱻϵ˴ȥ
ѾѾ˫ֻأҡͷҪҾĽӦþסߵģǴʱҵլӾõģھǣǼҵլӾ㲻õģ϶Ҳǵڶõġ
߼
϶ֶǷˣ
ȻѾѾҪĽϣֻֻһ·϶Сĵع۲ΧĻرǽʹ߳


278 Ҹϳ

ߵķӶһţǺͬʽ߶һЩլӡ
ǴŶҪϿĴܶ࣬լӵĴϹŵҵǸϵӲ࣬ʲôŸ
ѾѾϲǿҪ׺ܶˡһΪլһſʲôңһȥʵأڶˡ
϶Ҳһ
ûôˡ
ǾͿʼܵլ
ʱ仹磬Χ˼ʱʱͻ˴ųеǳ˵ģеǳȥȣһЩ˼Ҳʱţǳȥ֣Ҳȥݷˡ
ѾѾǼΧ˼ҵȥɵöǼۡ
ٿϴŵĻڴũʱ򴩵·Щ˾̲סüͷ
ҶûѾѾ˵ʲô
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ֻǶ࿴ѾѾǼۣøﻹǸȥܿ뿪
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϶Ҳʶֵģ־͸˵ˣҲڰѾѾҵӡ
־ѾѾĻڴͿ˻ϣ˹Ͼǣȥո֣ǡþҪﷸڸյǣҪңȻһҵˡ
ǰдֵģլӺҵˡ
ѾѾ϶ǶӴæ˹
Ұǲ֪ǲӵļҡ
϶ϵ֣ѾѾѾѾѾѾҸһЩ
ѾѾˣ˷ܵ϶Сܹȥ̧֣žžžҵĴš
ҵŷܿ߹ţʲôˣ
ŷúܸߣǱѾѾ˲٣һҲûͷ򿴵ѾѾͿ϶Ǽʻ
ѾѾ·ԼĴڸУȵŷֵ»˵ʱ򣬵ͷ
ѾѾæڣ磬Ľס𣿡
Ľϣ
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գ۾͹š
ٶȿ쵽ѾѾǻӦ
ô
ѾѾЩɻ
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ѾѾˣΪʲôҪƭأ
֪𰸣̧ţ˺ܾãŷš
ѾѾͲĵؼãһãһĹĵţҵûдҵ˺á
ڴ棬ÿȥĽϣһţϾŵģеʱ򻹻ᱧȥĽϣ
üͷ֮ǰ棬ؾǵʱ䲻࣬ԾǽЩ˽òˣſڵһᣬҵңԽԽ졣
ǰЩ꣬һͦģÿ춼кܶǣżɽʱҲһЩ
Խһᣬˡ
үģ
ӦþôһҰɣ
үǰ飬үΨһĹ˵Ѿ䲻ˣ䲻Ļд
ȥʱĽѾڴ棬ûиǼ뵽ѾѾѾѾ˵Ľ϶ˣǴʱ߻ЩЩˣ
Ľϵ䣬ѾѾ룬ھ˵Ҵһ꣬ҾûҴǱҴһ㣬ҲΪͱҴһѣǴʱ߾ֻǼҵ˸ˡ
үĹƺҡ
Ǹһʧٵġ
ֹؿѾѾһξѾѾķͬһ㡣
ѾѾ˺ܾõţû˹ţɻؿ֣ʦΪʲôҪЩ
ûʲôǺʶѡ
ѾѾҪҵľǴǣûѾѾ˵ǵݣҲ˵
ѾѾŶһֵĻֻЩɥҵĴ̾ǶԸҿˡ
֨һҴŶţ糯ûãִȥų
ѾѾʶػعͷȥ
ҲѾѾǣ֮ǰѾѾŵѾʮ꣬ݺͰڸѾѾ˵Ҫҵ𣿡
ǰ壬ʶĽס𣿡
壿
룬ҲûڶûӣүүĻǡ
ѾѾʵĻضѾѾۡ


279  Ūϰ

ͷǰסߣڲˡ
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ѾѾæվҵĴԶһ¡
Ҿ˶ôҲţֲĽϲססҲ϶˵ġ
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ѾѾͷǰǰ壬ҲʶĽ𣿡
˵Ǻ죬Ͼǵ⣬ôסʱͻûôء
˵ſѾѾˣҲſվˣҪǲĻȵҼϢϢɡ
ð壬ܽȥҺȵˮôõſڿˡ
ȻǺŸڿʲôϵǴѾѾȥ˸˲ˮ
ھĻ԰棬ȥˣ԰Ļݲݺܶ඼ðѿ
ΨԺһտյĵرȽۡ
ǿҲСԼʮףҲ߰ףԺӵоԵЩͻأ
ѾѾˮĽϵ飬֪Ҳ֪ĽסˣѾѾЩʧܿɢںĵС
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ֻҲ֪ʶѣʵʶյ֪ʶƥ䡣
ЩԲοԼСԺĲҩ
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ʲô˵˳ɲ
ǵûյȷʵ˵ҪпֵģһСѾѾһ飬ĺҲп顣
Ϊ˿Զ೤һЩп飬Ƭˡ
ڵة֮ǰͳƶ˼ңǸضûеƶ˼ңҪԼǲ
ѾѾ֮ǰϰ˲٣Ƭһֱ˿еϸһ㣬ȥʱͻ᳤öһЩ
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ѾѾ˿֮󣬿ӣһᣬҲűϲ˵ҪСһŵĵ
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ҪֺҪкȥأɾǳˣŪҲ̫С˰ɣҪŪ۵İɣ
ʮеۣͣЪһᣬ˵ԭֺô۵ģֲĶôߣһܲܶ˰ɣ
ѾѾԼĺ࣬ʮ˵ֵЩ϶ȴֵЩߡ
϶
϶һײײĸ첲ȥֹѾѾǣĿ϶ֲ˵
֪ԣѾѾϴвˣʲôҲ˵ʲôҲʡ
ͬûۿĻһһؿڣȷڶ


280 ɵ

ϣֺҪпİ
ѾѾһһ˵ĻЩ֡
һһ˵ˣְֱѺֲһѾѾ
ѾѾһһֵؿ֮ٿԼĺ࣬һᣬĲ˵ЩᶼֱӵΪϵģΪĵۺߣϾ͸ոպˡ
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Ѹ˵˵꣬ѾѾܵضź࣬·Ūһ
Ҳһ磬ѾѾܹ˵ô׵֪ʶģڶ࣬϶Ϊ֮ڵĺøá
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һ˶˺ܾãŶţ϶һ磬ȵȫ֮Ҳ쵽ˣѾѾ뵽ջƫڵĲʽͿڣ壬ʱ䶼ˣǾ԰ɡ
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Ǹˣ϶Ųڣ顣
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ŲԹԵߵߣ£ԼԼһ裬߰Ų裬϶ЦҵǰݰɣιҪǰŹأҪӻȥӣװð
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϶һ̶ôµĵһģ˵ԼĶʱǲ棬ôô˵
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϶ˣһˣҲָҵߵõЩʲôҪʶȤģǾԼȥұ
֣·Χʲôζһ㣬˵һζ
üͷأҪѵһͳְƵɤ𣺡ζôûŵ
죬ͬʱԺӵĴſڡ
϶Ҳʶתͷȥ
ʡ
ͬʱڣߵĻ˵˸ƹӶʶˣ
⻰ȳȥˣҪŻϸ


281 ֵ

Ӧæƹӣ
һᣬҲԼĵƹӣ
Ȼ֪λΪʲôҪݣλǵλߵģ˵ʲôʲôҲֻϵķݶ
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Ͻʱվˣǵͷվһߡ
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ЦЦȷʵǸѾͷ飬˵ɾпڸˡ
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ͦãͦǢ

ԼѾӦԼ϶ֵܵˣûʲô黹ŵǣֱ


282  ɵķ

ѾѾڳָ˺⣬ռ飬澹ȻĢóҲ˷СĢ
һͷ廨ײˡ
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ѾѾĿǰ뵽ݴʡ
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ѾѾԴشҸ׼լӣԺ˾Ǿסˡ
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ûֱѾѾǰȥʹǵѾѾǽȥլˣŽȥʹ档
ѾѾǸŻȥլ档
ΪʲôҪôѾѾɵĻѾѾ϶ǶûʲôɣǾ;ѾѾĸɵǾʿʿѣͻæ˶ѡ
ѾѾǸմҳٽϸǼҰŵլ棬ͺԡ
һ۾ͿѾѾڵլҪҵլӺúܶܶࡣ
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ʯţִһɽȻһƸԺӣԺһȪȪðҲʢ˺ܶ໨̺죬Уá
Ȫ棬ŮӵĹ뷿ڹ뷿źܶʺѾѾСﴩ·
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ѾѾԥլססڳƸ棬Ż˸׼·
ڶ죬վںͬڣѾѾǴլ¶һȻ˵ı顭


283 ǵĺ䶯

գѾѾһ˴ӻʹԱǴլѾޱȵصˡ
֮ǰ˵Ǵլӣ˶ڲ²⣬ϰǴլ޺ˣǲҪʲôҪ˾ס
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ǣڵѾѾѾǼ֮ǰѾѾʱ򲻽֪Ҫң֪Ҫּۻۡ
⴮Ǻ«ʮǮ̫ˣҿǮɣϵǺ«һǮһǮǸء



284 ϲ۵ѾѾ

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ѾѾȻıһ
Ҫ϶˵ѾѾҪζ¥
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ôѾѾҲǽһģʱǣԼ뿪Ȼ֮ǰѾѾѾܶΣǻỹ϶š
ζǻ᲻˲ֹһ
͹ۣһмλ
ȥʱСѾڸѾѾ˵ѾѾָͷλС
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ڰҪȥ˰䣬ᱻϳûô֪ҪڴþͱϳˣζŴ˶֪ġ
ѾѾ
ҪȰ˵ѾѾȥʱСѾȥ˴õλ£ǵλǰ棬˵̨
˵˵ƺܾʵĹ£ԷĿ˶Ҳῴ˵ǡ
Ҫǡ
Ҫ
ѾѾûȹע۸һֱ֮ӵˣҪȫ
ѾѾ˺ܼ򵥴ֱƽʱ˻Ҫ򵥴ֱ
ֻǽѾѾ֮ǰڽϵΪ
Ҫǵôˣ֮Ϊ۸⣬Ըˣζ¥ƹ᲻еĻƹΧǣ
쾩ǾͻᴫĻ⣺
𾪣ĴӾȻ䵽Ҫ԰ͣ
˼ʵǹȻһٷԲ𣡡
ȫ߸ة๫ΪǮȺŹ

ֻ룬;ЩëȻ
һߣѾѾ绹ʦʮе۰ζ¥顣
ǵİζ¥⿴űϵҪһЩ
ǵİζ¥ʽ۸Ҫϵĸ˲٣
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Ҳ֪ƯڲھǣҪڵĻҾȥһЩ˵ļ۸С
ڵĴᶪ飬𾪵ı⣬ҲûѾѾ˵
ֱ˶ˣ˻ҪȽˣѾѾ̧һۣڣˣԼӾС

ԴעҪŶݻü

ѾѾǳԷԵúܿģʱʱ²˵ζ˶Եúܱ
ֻûθڡ
ѾѾСѾѾ˵˲ˣҲȥᣬһֱصѾѾƹּۻۣȻٱ˸ߡ
Ƕûʼּۻۣϵ˿һѾۿ
һȻѲ˵ϼеĲ˶ˣöǮһµô˰
һٵǧ˰ɣǼ˶ˡ
ǱǸĴӰɣǾѹǿԵôˣĴ˼ǮǾǳӵܣĽġ
п˰Ѳ˵ϵв˶ˣ¥Ӳ칤ⷲϢһ˴к
һۿһΪĸôأһٷԸǧӣԭ㰡ǹֲˣô˿ζʰɣ
ɫҰף
Խʲôʲô
ѾѾⷲЩƣͺʵƯĸ𣿡
ⷲע⵽ѾѾɻƯ磿˵ף
ǰ׸ƯˣƯھ𣿡
׵֣ⷲؿѾѾԭ׵ѣȻۣģҲôġ
ѾѾ۾ⷲ˵˵Ưĸ磬ôô˵ҵ˵ģֵ֮Ӧమġ
ǼҶĲӣǼûдΪǺమ
⻰ȸ°ɣӦҪȵʮˡ


286  ڿ

϶
ⱲڵȥĲû֮һ
ǳ鴤ţЩôˣܻúõģЩֵܸ̫మˡ
ȥúúõضԴǲС
ⷲѾѾĻһӱ
ôҪָָ㡣
ѾѾͣƯĺѣҲܿűô˵ʲôܰȻҾͲ䵱ˡ
ԣû˫ֻѾѾ֧ΪѣͲؿŶԷ۸ְæҪкá
֧ѾѾģһ棬Ҳϣܹⷲ˵ߣʱѾѾּۻ۱ߵʱҲôѿ
Լѡ
¥̫࣬ⷲʵǺײ͵鴫ȥ
ؿһѾѾǣ˵һ䣺һ飬ԡ
ֱת뿪
ѾѾⷲ뿪ıӰǵҰζ¥𣿡
֪ѾѾΪʲôҪôʣǵͷûǼֵܣ˵ڵڶģһ߰꣬ܲ£ʣⷲ
ⷲ𾩳Ǹٽǵİζ¥˵ãģǼҰζ¥ġ
׾͸ƫԶһЩģھסǸӦþͦƫԶİɣ
ѾѾšһ֮ǰˮˣȷʵͦƫԶġ
ǾͶˣոҲ˰ɣⷲ׵ĹϵǺܺãҲζ¥ĿȨˣȻײⷲĶ֣үӻЩƫĵģϾֻӡ
ҵ飬Ǵ󲿷ֵ˶֪οⷲͷ֪ľ͸
ѾѾ֪һЩѾѾ˵
ѾѾ꣬ЩܣƯǿ
ţҲͦģʾͬ⣬ֵҪǾȽ뿪ɣٷˣ
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ʲô
ѾѾĻŵһվΪѾѾֻҪۣû뵽ѾѾȻѹûҪӣ
ѵ濳۱ܾ̫࣬˷ʱȥֱۣӵ
Ȼ׾ܸıһˡ
һֻС
ֻҪһʱӻһȫҪ
ԼӦýһѾѾѾѾΪԼǣҲӦΪϿǵģĵظѾѾ˵ѾѾҾóԷ쾭飬ü۸ЩߣǼȻˣӦðձ˵Ĺˡ
Ѿӵ⣬漰һ˵ĳš
һԷҪӵˣԺôأԺǽѵġ
˰ȨƸΪˣҲֻǱѶѣ꣬˵ܷġ
У磬磬ӣѾѾĸʦʱӦȰȰ̫ԡ
϶֣ǿ׳һȫ֪˵Щʲô
ѾѾҲеĪ޹գ۾ûӵ
ѾѾְѵС˹óһºɫĿƬݹȥСһҪ⸶𣿡
ζ¥ԱͳһѵǶ֪ζ¥ڹǰǸһƳźڿ
һźڿ˻ϣһźڿǣһźڿǸ˰ζ¥ĺϻˣǶҵĻ˵Ǹζ¥Ĺɶ
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˵үӸҴԭǲͬƶ⼸źڿģֻն࣬Ȱһźڿ˻ϣԸ϶ϹϵүĬˡ
ѾѾó˺ڿСǶңҡͷãչʻʲôԸأ
Ǿûˣˣ׸绹ھ𣿡
ѾѾ˵ƯûʶֱӾͺ׵֡
׹֮ǰͻ˾ǣ֮Ҳ֪ûлϣѾѾҪҲھǣ˳棬к
һһ˵ģȥһطҪǸպҲסǱߣûǹȥкĺãܺúõάϵ顣
׵飬СҲֻ֪ҡͷ
ѾѾϧ̾˿վ׼뿪
ָľͷһһƤϴ˴ûӦִ˴
ûзӦ׼ߴһѾѾؿع
֪ѾѾΪʲôҪζ¥ԷˣԭǡϿ϶Ů


287 Ľϵ

Ա㣬ѾѾҪȥˡ
ѧˣǰѾѾǲǻĺڿ
ԴӰζ¥Ƴźڿ֮󣬾Ǻ֪ܶҲƳȨƵĺڿ
ҪѾѾĻĺڿרŴȥЩͳˣѾѾͲּۻۣǾͲñ˸ϳ
ñϳմմѾѾĹ⣬һ¡
ѾѾȵӦţûа
˵ͬʱǲԶĽһܺÿȹӣæܹȥ
غţƹģ·ô
ΪһԼСѾѾÿڿһ֮ǰҪȹעļ۸ҪǼ۸񲻺ʾҪȻȻط
ӵĵƹۣ߳ȹΪȹȹһʣȻʵİమȹװ
һһӢȹ̫Һرߣϸ裬ͻȻһƮŮæ׷ȥץȹǣȹӱ塣
ƵȹӸƯˣӴˣŮʢд۵ȹӣԻȹ
ȹȻǿȹ󾭹ϵĸɣȹϵͼе˫ɡȹֻҪһǧӡ
ӵƹ˵һȹӵĽ֮ڱ˼۸
ѾѾһһĻ˽⵽·ǺܸߣһһǸȥ·ֱӾͿʮ֮ŵļ۸ȥˣɹʻܸߡ
룬ֱһָһˡ
ӵƹǺ«ƹһܽȥ˸ëӳˣԶһ㣬ͱ˷ҵʱ䣬һô࡭
ѾѾϵĪ
һһϲǶ۵𣿾ûгɹ˫̸£Լ뿪;˰ΪʲôⶫҪҰ
һһۣӦ͵Цˡ
һһǧӵȹȻҿۿһӡ
϶ֻĬĬԶѾѾһ㡣
ҼԶѾѾǾͲǲˡ
ѾѾվ˼ʱ򣬴ʷŮҲȹӣ˹ѯۣѾѾղŸƹĶԻ
üͷѾѾүү˵ˣӦе֪֮ģȻûӣͲҪһЩԼĶ
ѾѾ˼һһ˵Ĵ۵飬ֻǿۣҲûпúְܹΪʲôҪأ
ĻɻָԼڸ˵𣿡
Цһ㻹˱û֪֮𣿡
ѾѾ϶ֿ֣ȻԼָ϶˵Ҷû֪֪֮ԼûӻȥĲ
϶
ģʮӣǣһٱȥĲģҪȥĲˣ汣ӣһٱ棬ûѾѾá
һᣬЦһû֪֮
ĽϣûжǱסôٹˣȴ֣Ϊʳ΢ԶһЩؾһ㡣
棬ڳܵԽԽΧ˹ѾѾΧм䡣
ǿ۸ѾѾ˹վѾѾߣ
һԷҲǸСǼҲ˵ʲôֻĬĬվţѾѾ
ѾѾЩˣ˫֣ߺߵǴģұĽϻҪ
ܽܵľǱ̡
Ľ֣ûʲôӦߵѾɫ˱䣬ԽֱѾѾ˵ʶĽϣǼ￴ģ
ΪʲôҪ㣬Ҹֲ졣
ѾѾƫͷһǡ
ֿſڵȹӣôÿˣȻƯĶǲͿģһͱˣոûȻһһȹӣȥҪġ
磬ǻȥɣҲˣһʲô򲻵̫ˡ
ѾѾ˿ۣȻǶ˵ҪѾѾȥ
Ѿ߻Ҫ׷ѾѾĽϵ飬ﲻѾѾ˵ˣҪȥȹӣҪѾȥӣѾֻؿѾѾ뿪
ȹˣһǧӡ
Ѿ߸Ҫӵʱ򣬻ǰȸӣȻǾͿŻŸոհõȥ׷ѾѾǣǵıӰȹ͸ѾѾ
ոǻ𣿡
ǵʷ۰ŮϯһЩᣬǰʱżǵһЩѾߡ
ΪʲôҪȹӸǸѾͷǸѾͷ𣿡

ѾѾȥˣ뿪
ѾѾ˵飺ոǸŮǴʷŮҲĽָΪδޡ


288 ﱱ

ѾѾˣĽôСδ˰
ţʵкܶ˶һûг͸£˵ҳ֮ǰҵҲҶһµģ˸ӣ²û
ѾѾдģǸʱˣ֮󶼻кܶ಻ҵء
磬ûг¾ͱˣҵĸʿ϶Ӵ
ѾеͬĽˡ
ҺûйϵѾᶨҪΪһ׵ˡ

ھǴ죬ûҵĽϣ󣬲ּۻۣѾѾȥˣʱϴ϶뿪ǣĵȥ
Ҳд󣬵ǵĴ̫Ҫȥԭزɹ
ϵ֪ҪߣҲûֻǰָּѾѾߡ
ھҲĽϣѾѾչ黹ЩʧģҲ̫˵һֱ뿪˾ǺԶִ
ҪϷߺܶ࣬ǴѾˣٵȻһƬľɫСݣľûзѿǿݻƵһƬкХĺ磬͸ϷĶһ
ǱָϷĲһֻҪͲ䣬Ϸʱﴵ磬ǻᶳȫɪɪ
һһѾѾͣǸ䣬ֻڱģϷʪ䣬䵽˹棬ǲһġ
ԺܶʱϷ˻ñĶѰʵˣĶϷĶ컹ǹҪһЩǼпıˣʱ͹øˡ
ѾѾͬһһ˵ĻҾ;ķȻȼĴ󣬿ƺҪһЩǵһûʲôоˣ궬ʱҾʹŵǵͲˡ
ҲУʱÿҪ±ѩĻǹҲ鷳ģϷȻ䣬ʱܹǱȱҪһЩ

Ȼر䣬һҹû̫䣬׽·ߣǾͰ·סջ档
ʮ֮󵽴ԨĸǺڸ
ڸ񾩳ôô֣ǵӶȲϣ˲࣬Ҷӷ׵··׺˲ٵĲͷϻŴñӣñӼסֻ¶һ˫۾
ֵԵլӼʯͷģǽƤͺܺ񣬻඼ֻһ㣬ֵԵլҲֻһ㡣
ѾѾǵǴϵլܶбȽϴԷʱˮ˳£ǱȽƽ̹һЩ
Ϊˮ٣²Ϊ˱ڵס⣬Ƶġ
ǽƤŪôҲΪﶬµͣʹǸ䣬ʮʮȵʱעⱣůҲ˶ģÿ궳˶ϷĶһЩǾҪŪӱůǽǽԽ񣬱ůЧԽá
֪ѾѾЩʲôһһš
ѾѾȻֽһһ˵Ļת϶ǡ
ҺѾѾʱ׼˺ܶܺ·ÿ˶˺·Ҳ䡣
ǽͣһֻһĿջſڣѾѾǶϣ󵱼ǽȥʻ
ܿ󵱼Ҿͳƹ˵ˣǱȽ䣬ߵ٣ǿջﻹǱȽϿյģסôˡ
϶ͷУǼȽȥǷźҲᶫһ·ˣȳԶٷϢϢȥɱ顣
ǡ
󵱼ȥѾѾԼſջܡ
ĸ󵱼˵һջûʲôˣȻֻһĿջȴܴ󣬿һĶô
ƹģϼƲ
϶ѾѾ£󵱼Ҳܿͷźöһš
һᣬСһ˶һ
ѾѾؿǣԷԵ𣿡
СѼŵǵϡ
涼ðĲˣǶ죬ûʲôˣֻʣ´ײ˸ܲĶǴײ⣬ܲ⣬ÿһͦ㡣
ڹ߻һЩӡ
ܺóһ
ѾѾſˮȵв˶룬һҳԷɡһӣһ黹ڷڵļһߴһ߰͵

еĲ¶иС̿¯ģһֱǳ꣬˶̵ģһ˶Եú졣
Ա㣬䣬Ȼ˯ѾѾûȥ˯ﵽջĳȥһȡů˳ʲôط档
ҪǲҰ޵ĻʵɽǸͦõȥ滹Դḻʲô϶ҵԼƽʱϲȥڵ㶫ĢЩӰõʱڵ˲Ρ


289 ϳɽ

ѾѾǴɽϾûڹ˲Σ֮ǰһֱ֪˲ʲôɺɵһǧ˲ι֮һһռ˲ε֪ʶ
ԼҲȥˡũݾϹ˲εĽܣźܶǰѾγɵ˲ҩõľ裺˲Σζ΢࣬񣬶ǣֹ£аĿǡ÷ꡣһΣһǡɽȡ
ɼ˲ҩ֮еĵλжߣ˲ǡǾڶڵĵط
ѾѾһӾ£˳ɽڣڶʹ϶ɽ
󵱼ȻҲҪŵġ
ѾǴ죬Ȼе䣬ɻǴ죬ɭҰвѾѣһҰޣѹ֮󣬾ͻʳĽ׶ΣҪʱԶŵǿ϶
ѾѾûǶһЩһȥĺã˶Ҳõġ
ɽλںڸɽϲѼ̽ɻͼǽķԴء
ԨĻʥɽ
ɽġסֻһõԢ⣬ΪأͷǶ̡
ɽȻɽһɽҲɽɽɽǺܴģ˵ɽѾһɽˣѾѾǰɽֻСɽѡ
ɽһɽɶжƽϲɽȵɡ
ΪɽĴɽбŹ룬ڸڷΪ֧֧ү롢ֹ룬֧롢ɽǧɽɽɽүͳɽ
Լ28ƽǧס
ɽһ߻ɽǾ͸ʽɽΧҸԭԳʲԲΣԼ140ǧףʱ죬Լ120ǧףѼĩĩδѵγɸԭɽء
ɽԴҪصУ׳۵Ļɽòۺɽˮ⣻ɽɭ̬ϵͳ෱ࡢƷȫĶֲԴıѩ⣻ֲ㷺ĻɽȪٲӺɫľۡʷżĻ顣
ȷʵʺѾѾ档
εļֵ⣬ɽĶԴͿԴܷḻ
ɽжǮ÷¹١лɳѼꡢܡܡˮ̡¹򣨰磩ʡ𰡢ӥӥȸӥβ黼ȶ
Դúҳҡˡ̡ѡȡ
ϵ֪ʶѾѾϵͳ鿴ģӼᶨҪϳɽľġ
ɽǴ󡣡
Ѿɽɽ£϶͸оɽơ
ǰﲻڸɽˣû뵽Ⱳӻôΰ׳۵Ĵɽ
󵱼ҲԵظ̾һ䡣
žʫϲôɽΪʫԭڿΰĴɽʱǻһЩ
ѾѾҲҪм׸ɽйصʫ䡣
ȻԴӡѧ֮󣬾ͿʼķѧҵǲܵģⱲӶٱġ
ɽѿɳ·ɽ·һЩʲôֲĿ֦泤һЩǵ̵ҶӣɽһЩ⡣
ڲǳǰ˺ܳ·ҲûѾѾ˵Щʲô˲Σ֥Ģ֮ĶΪǲ̫ȥҲһ͵Ķﶼûҵ
ֻмֻյҰҰȥ
һʼŶϣѾѾھжʧ
Ҫǰ𣿡
϶ЩǵѯѾѾ
ѾѾջƹ˵ǰпˡ
ѾѾЩԥˣһһ˵ɽһأǳɽľ㣬κܸߣóóȻȥôߵĵطޣӶ
Ǻܶ࣬һԱǶ༸
ֿΧľɫ˵ҪɽժҩĻҿǵȵǻҲժʲôˣʶ³ɽҲ㹻ˣȻȥɣ
ɽϲе䣬ˣѾѾԼȶЩľˣ룬˵úе
ȻǾ뿪ɡ
ѾѾҲý첻ܹҵ˲εˣСǰ档
ɽвٵĴ䣬˿ȥժɽϵҩģʳĻǴΪ
ѾѾɽʱ򣬾;ɽ´壬ڲɽĺʱ򣬴׳굽ȥٽĳ򹤣ʣµ˲ࡣ
ֻһЩˣ˻кڼҡ
ʲôʱǾڴĴҰһܣѾѾһİ˽壬Ǻͣ½Ųǡ
ѾѾҲǡ
иϵıûڻǾʹӼһЩӣӣӣڱϻУѾѾ˫۷⡣


290 ׶༪

棬桭
ѾѾܿ뵽ǵУ˼Сڱϳ۳ҡ
Ϸ˵Ǻѩ˵һѩ߰ǰǻѾѾûгѩʲôӶûм
ǵһμ
ֺǺǵظС˵ı棬һҪ档
ǼСѾѾڱϻС
ѾѾǵҲҲҪȥָСһһС顣
֮СݣΪ֪˵֡
ˣʱ򣬱˴˵־ǲôҪˡ
һֱǡιǸ˭ݱ˴ˣҲøʧɢһִ˲ˡ
϶ڱϿţ࣬ۿѾѾͦʱ䣬͸˵ѾѾǻȻؿջɣ·Ͳˣ˵·ġ
һڱˣѾѾǺȥתת˵ǽڴס°
϶

ȻСΪ棬ʲô롣
ѾѾˣһʮҵСΧСţѾѾǵĶԻһᣬ߹ȥ϶˵ǵһǴӰɣҪڴסµĻסҼңҵĴ峤ǼҷӶࡣ
סҪҼס£϶Ҫ̴ҪˮҲǿ϶ģǵøӣһ˸ʮǮС
ڴסˣΪѾ治ôӵ϶һη֣ԭбǻӵĴ
Ǽƽʱ˶ģﾹȻֱӸ˵Ҫӡ
һʮǮʮҲһٶĶѣһٶĶϿһסһģʵֻ϶ǾûбҪﻨ˶ѡ
ջǱߵӶǽ˵ģǾ㲻ȥҲҪӡ
϶лţĺ⣺ˣǡ
ѾѾܹͨ˵԰ǽסɣҾͿһֱһˣܸһЩǲǸǴһͦİ
һһ˵Ǹũ֣ǴһӵһũҲͦõġ
ǵֻܵͨͨ˶˼ˣңѾѾţǴ˴𣿡

϶˵ѾѾģ֪ѾѾݣ˵ùѾѾҲΥѾѾ˼ڴס
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һЩס޵ˣǼҲܶһֱˡ
ҲֹǼһЩӶˣҲճܹﲹһ¼ܹǺõġ
ԭǰţİţ
ѾѾ԰ţ˴Ĵָ
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ţĵҲӵĴ峤͸ϴ֮࣬϶Ƚĵ϶ôʱɽϣ
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ѾѾţ죬һֱŴ˵ĻţĻʣڶ𣿡
ţ˵Ǳɽסţÿһɽȥҡ


291 ѾѾȥ

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292  ش

ѾѾ߹ȥȺ˵пˣ˵ҹ⸽ģְĵطˣҽǿ棬֪ġ
ֻҪصڣ͸йأֲйأһһͿֱɨ

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ȥ֪ͨ˸ϴ󡣡

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ѾѾң극֮ռ˾һ飬չһЩ飬ռҪǴ


294 

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ãһ綼ȥˣҲϲء
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ѾѾȣ㻹ҪѧһΪһѧء


295 ֮

ԬĽؿѾѾɥ˵ţ˵ˣҪôȥҪôȥѧҪͰͻҵǣҲŲǸŮסһ
һҵǣ϶ҲҪȥѧģһѧء
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ԼֻһСˣøүһѾѾСѧȻᱻ޵ġ

ʮǰڸɽɽµһ棬˶̫ҽʹϵĽϿ˺ܾá
֪̫ҽվæĽôˣûд󰭣
̫ҽԼĺӣֵ˵ţ˹ˣСү徹Ȼ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ҪȥСүϵĶûн⿪Ҳٻܻʮꡣ
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Ϊ˵һһ꣬طѾˣõþ͸ڵһ˵ʱʵҲûб̫ϣ
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296 յ

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297 ֲҩ

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һǸϵţæ֣صؽӹ
ܷܷ𣿡
ܷܷ͸һȥүңѾѾѾܾûм
ͷЩˣڼҪȥ𣿡
ѾѾҡͷˣһҪȥɩӣҴɩ˺ܶӡ
ѾѾȥһ·ĲҶȵͰѲҶݸľľŵ档

صӣѾڰˡ
ҪۣҪ⣬ЩǾĶûм˻Ը˷ȥӵģϰ̯ԹζҲԸ⻨Լȥ
ϰ˺ܶ࣬˺ۣܶжȥڡ
ѾѾûйСڰߦƤ˵϶˵ѾѾȥǸÿɽԼˣʲôҪּۻۣ۸̸ֱӲˣԽԽ۹ˡ
ڳʳ滹ǺܽԼȻԺⶼˡ
Ҫľⶼ÷ӣǻ֮ǰǮִŵˡ
֪ԼҲǺõģϾҲģж಻ףӦҲˣ˵ѾѾҲ쵽ˣһܾ꣬Ǹóˡ
ۼˣѾѾֱϷΪˣҵȥѾѾҪô㡣
쵽ѾѾ˰ӹÿ죬һգ۶ˣٹ궼Ҫˣʱ϶Ҫˡ
Ｘ沣ϴѾѾʱ࣬ΪѾѾǻᣬ⣬ҪôǺҲŸãҪôǻŶӣҲûѾѾ
ϸѾѾĸҲõģڶϰѾѾϴ軻·糿Ҳϰ·ġ
Щʧ䣬ͷӡ
ѾѾһɩӰû
ûأմ϶ˣȻطЪһɣӰˣٺԡ
ѾѾҡͷҲۣҪɩһӣڰӰÿɺˡ
ѾѾû취ģѾѾҪӣѾѾȥϴ֣ǰΧһ鲼æ
ѾѾҲû˵ѣÿҪӣڼҵʱ򶼻æĽĶò
ٶҲܿ졣
ѾѾ룬ŸϺܿͰ꣬Ѿů˲٣հõĽӲͷţСϰϾͰѽӷ¹
õĽһˮģһüġ
ѾѾ̫СǲģڱϿţȵӺˣװŵ棬óȥˡ
ѾѾȰѽ͵Ǽմ󷢼ϱӹӣ˵һ䣺ѾѾȵһᣬǼҸպðӣЩȥԡ
ϱܿ͸ѾѾװһӵӣҲ࣬


302 ѾѾ

˴󷢼ңѾѾȥңĸ⼸Ƚڿ죬ϱͼʮѾѾȥ
ȥҵʱ򣬴ϱֵĴײرˮۣǴϱָŴײ˸ѾѾȥ
׳ϱܲ⻹ûг꣬׳ϱѾѾĽֱ֮װӵ룬ָѾѾװһܲ⡣
ȵѾѾһȦӻؼңѾ˲ٶ
ϺЦ˵ºˣĲ˶ˡ
"εĽǲǾ͵òˣ
ѾѾӽȥ
Ͻӹӣ򿪿ܲ⣬Цֹҿ׬˲١
컹ȥͽӡ
ѽ
ЩΣѾѾҪҪھͳܲ⣬õҪԵĴ֮󣬾ͰܲóøռӵĹָѾѾܲ⡣

ʱ򣬴Ҷ˵ԼĹĽչүǱɽһ죬ҵ˶ʮҩģ˼Ǻűע϶ֹˣҲˣͿԿʼΧǽ
ȥڳɽ£ӱߵλãҲںѼģʱҪǰѺˮŪˣǴŻǼ
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컹ȥһ˰壬˺ĶڶѾȽȶˣаζ¥ʳ¥¥ƹ㣬Ҳ֪۸۵ĺôкҲúܺá
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ԭ֮ǰǴơҲںϵģʼˣ⼸ѾѾı⣬ǼҸ˹ϵѾˣȻͲܴܲˡ
ǡúǱб;ǱߵˣĶ
ơͰǴｨʱҪơҪɽϳֱĹ⣬ֺܶѣֱ֮Ӳժ˵ӵĺӹûҪ˵ĵطˡ
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ѾѾͷá
ҲѧѡҪһЩĺãǧһЩһûĵ
ŵ鶼˵꣬ϿҲ˵ˣͿڣ¶ʮѾѾˣǿѾѾҪôף
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үҲ֪յʲôֱӰ齻ȥ졣
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ѾѾԭֻѾѾ֪ɲ֪ôģ»ϣܷܷ׶ڽܹĵسﱸͬʱӺڸӾǳͣظѾѾڵĴӡ

үԼҪȥѧӵˣѾѾû˯ͱүӽ۾˯سѧȥ
"ҵǶһ𣿡
·ϣѾѾڻǱүӱţ׼͸үȴ̽ǵ
үӲǺܿĵҡҡͷǣеϣϵ׳
ǣϵ׳
"Ҳһֻ𣿡
үӾԼֲˡ


303 غ

үӾŮܲǺϲˣôһֱڴء
Ҳôֻܳˡ
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ѾѾһӾͱЩͳڣؼ֮Ұΰͷûаͷһֱˡ
үĵһůӿȻŮȷģŮԣɱǼСĶˡ

ѧ֮ԭ屶ԭѧֻһңеĺӶһϿεģڵѧңÿҿʮѧ
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ߵѾѾүǰʹû˵СǸȿڣҽغ̵ֻ٣Ķ̣Ҫôң
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ѾѾ˵٣һǳܷܷģǻֻúŶܡ
غܵһֽȻͬƣȫᵯٵҲغܷܷȫ֣ͬغֻøݣǳܷܷǸǻûš
غȸɶǳܷܷȫȲϵġ
ѾѾֻ𺳣ͬһ𺳡
һ𺳵ĻүԼӡ
һˣѾѾڸղŵУһŻعȻǲͣعƣ׼ѧﵱˡ
غ˹٣˵ллѾѾĳиĳ˵ķø߰һڿζǧӣԸⲻκηڴν̣ΨһҪ󣬾ϣѾѾܸĳһѧ٣Ϊĳҵӡ


304 һ

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ǸĽϴĶ͵ߵģ˵͸һ츳ܸߣ츳ߵѣ֪ĽǸ˵ѵˣ˹
Ҫ츳ҪߵˣǲĸĽ˵
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ʣµӶүһǸӵţǶ鶼ˣ˵ȥʲôգѾѾĻ˵顣
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ѾѾվɢػӣֱ׳˵֪
ƺûʮ˵鱾ҳҸնԶ˵˵˵ʲô˼

һֳĺܺãҲûжѧƢѾѾүӵͷζͨ˿ˡ
ڶȻֵҲһһѾѾ⵷ҵʱüͷģ˵֪ǿ˵ʱ򣬶ЩͷˣҪǻϿεʱпܾͻûġ
ĺƽʱҰˣȻץϿΣһʼ϶ϰߣҲЩ⵷ģǾ͸Ҫһĵ
ѾѾҡҡͷǺ⡣
ҪǶʱڻûҵһ°ɣȥϸ˵˵ܲܰһæ
ţӦûһЩ

ѧûѾѾȻ鷿һҽ飬Թ緹ָүȥơơĽѾʼˣѾѾһᣬȥϴǡ
ϴүӻɽϣȥðɽ֮󣬳һɽϵҰ޶˳ȥȻҰ޶࣬һ˶
ֻҪǸߣҪץסǣ⻹ǲģѾûʲôˣ޶ϵһɽȥɽһɽӵĵطѾΧЩҰ޹
Ҳ˵ɽǰȫģκʱҪȫһЩ
ѾѾҵϴ֮͸һҲҩпɽЩ
ڶ죬ѾѾغԼҪȥϿεӣѧõѧݼٻûнֻѾѾһѧ
ѾѾʱغѾ׼˹ݡ
ѾѾùݶһģǿ𣬲֪֮ǰյǸﲻһ
غڽѧʱø첻һ˶ޱȵ࣬ѾѾǸտʼѧݣûκλغһϿξȵһӣ˵Ҹղŵӵһ顣
ѾѾ۾غԼĶˡ
غĳӴʲô
ѾѾίҧ촽غǰϿ֮ôӣ϶ġ
ʹ򣬲ʹ򡭡


305 ۲

˵ҪõЩӣֻҪ书þУҲô鷳
ϿβСú١
һִȻǺɴֱϻеۡ
ѾѾҧ촽ҭſغͰ͵˵ᣬ֪ô
᣿ô᲻᣿
غûн̹ѾѾĺӣǰȥ̵ĶѾúܺãҪ󾫵ġ
ЩͷۣĽϲ˵츳ܺõ
ôһˣǵ
غ̾ˣʹͷѧɡ
ѾѾһҲˣ˵˵˵ÿʲôôɣҪôõĶ֪
ȻݵĹ춼֪ǴĿ츳ܺõģ
ԼҪյĵӣغþ㺬ҲҪȥ
˵ݶͳһĹ񣬹úͩľ죬ΪɣסβܲкľϺľ֦˿ľ̴ľģݵȡҡ
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ͳõִַʳСָңɡս࣬෨˳Ӧҵı仯Եߣɡ
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غһ߾ѾѾƣһýߴѾѾϡ
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ѾѾᶨޱȵĸһһ˵š

ڶ죬غѾѾȥϿεʱ򣬶תغѾѾˡ
غһߣѾѾʹֵԺȥ
죬ûкá
غʱѾѾɻȥ

ֱѾѾһ죬غѾѾѾѾڿԻɣغҪżһ졣
аɣҪӽѧϰⶼʦˣϹһĿΣ˵ȥ߱ҵͽܣҶöˡ
ѾѾЦӦţúúãȵˣһŬŬҽڲȥϿΡ
Ҳ˵ˣҪȥҴɩյ⣬ҪȥæɣҾͲкŶ
غһְ壬ѾѾںܲ
غһ㶼ûԼѾѾﲻܻӭȵѾѾȥæ֮ѾѾת
СͽܿȷʵͦһﻹŪôµլӣԺﻹɹôҩòСͽͻҽɣ
غڴľѾѾСԺӣѾѾ⼸ȵغ֮󣬶ϴɽȥҲҩ
˳ڵɹţڵҽܿ죬ûһһһЩѰĲ֢ҲԼҩ
غѾѾ˽⻹ͣĽ˵츳棬ĶǺǷ´½һ
ѾѾŲغʲôھֻѵҪĨЩͻзЩˮͼƬһźÿҲ׼ˣҵҪ˲á
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ѾѾͼƬƨƨߵسȥ֡
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ѾѾֻæµСһһȥߣһȥǱߡ

ռҴ棬һָһһĻһӺڸ
һӾʻ


306 

ҵ׵ڸͣռҵĴ档
Ǻǳһӳ˴ķ羰
ԶԶؿǣЩ֡
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ҼҲȥˡ
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ϱҲ֣ǼҾסѾѾҸڣƽʱ͸ѾѾߵýЩʲôһԴյ˵ӴôأѾѾǺӵֲûô˹ˣЩ˶ǹġ
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ѾѾɻգգ۾ʶ㣺ôᶼʱˣԼõƵġ
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ѾѾһϵĵ⣬ԥһᣬ˵ȻЩֻɩˣжɩҲŶȳȥһᣬٽöȥ

ݴټݸԺӶĶѵġ
ѾѾ߹ʱ򣬲û֮ء
ܹʱߵ̫죬ײΪûλöѵϵһľӣӡˡһϣĶ˳
ѾѾͷȥʱ۾ɴ
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ԴӸɵһǧ˲֮ѾѾͿʼо˲Ѿѧ˲εޡ
׸ѾѾĻŵؿϵ˲ΣҲǼٺöˣȻһ۾ͿЩȷʵǰ˲ɡ
ʱû˹ֳ˲Σ˲ζҰģ˲ξͲ˵ǰϵ˲Ρ
ȻڵϾȻʮ˲Ρ
˲ȻȲǧ˲ΣҲǧĶ
Ƕ𾪵ؿű˴ˣҪ˭ôͨͳôİ˲Ρ
ҵһԵؾ֣ЩҼҹҴġ
Žҿ
ѾѾȻǼҹڳɽڵ˲γɽϺܶ𣿡
׸˲䶼ȻԭҹڳɽǾͲˣɽϧҩˡ
ǻǾ棬ԭɽϵ˲ζܲһ־óʮ˲ˡ
ҡͷǣЩǹ֮ǰɽ˺ܾòҵġ
ŶǾеϧˡ
ѾѾҪǺܶĻֻĽ˲ε͹ˣڿҪһҩĵŻ㡣
ѾѾע⵽װ˲εԱߣкܶ࿴ӣҵˣЩأҲĽ͹𣿡
ţ˵ѾѾѧҽӦûҩȤǶЩҩĹЩ涼ǳɽҩģʮ˲⣬һЩʮݵ˲Ρ
⻹һЩ¹ף֥֮ġ


307 

Ľϼ˽ѾѾˣ϶ֹ׼ҩЩ
ҵһһһװҩĵĺӴ򿪣óһĺӣһ㲼һʱῴʲô
ҵ˵˵ţҲҼҹΪѾѾ׼ģһүɽץġ
󣿡ѾѾæϵĶǲ㲼ƿ¶װʮ׳ĶβͶرس
ӣѾѾƿϿǵʱҲѾѾܿ죬µؼԶ
ÿɰϲ
ѾѾӣĵתҪԼԺȥҪϾͻط󣬻ҪǴѲС
ѾѾٶ̫ˣԵǰ˶ͼүЩεغסѾѾٵһᣬôڵء
ѾѾ󷵻˼˵ţ̫ˣǻˡ
ǼЩӣ֪ӦΪѾѾ˶˺أΪô׾ͱѹأ
үЩεظ˵ҲҪѾѾǸûĺӣСԣһʲôˡ
ڰ֣û£ܹģǼܷܷһҲʲô˵ġ
ѾѾˣΪ˷ֹῴʲôһ˾ʲôˣʣµļ˶ЩֶҪԼøѾѾ
󣬺ܿƾԼҫĻᡣ
ΪиŮǸѾѾúܺõĹŮ͵ĶǷ۷۵ģг˸ѾѾ·гܷܷѾѾʮӸɰ÷۷۵Ĳġ
Լ˸ѾѾƵֻĽ
ѾѾȲı֣֪ѾѾزūʣزū϶ϲƽġ
ױƵİѽݸѾѾҴǡþ˸ֻ㿴ϲϲ
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ѾѾ˫һӾˣֱӷϵӣӹЩصĽ
һ֪϶˺ܶƽġ
ѾѾ˵ţлл
ѾѾôϲ׼ĽؿһףԼӮˣ׿óĽֵǮĶ
ѾѾ˽Ҳû뿪˫ڴؿףƯ磬Ľϸ˲Σָ˽Ҫʲô
һѾѾõ͵Ķû߿
Ӳ٣һʮ
ǰ濴ļӣװ޷ǽ鱦ƥ֮ĶļӲҪ͸ѾѾġ
óһװ˺ܶѾѾûм⡣
ԶԿԶĵطľӣܰյúģĻܹʱ䣬ǻľƴܶƴĶĲżҾøͦģǶһɰ
һҴǱó׹ϵǰʱ򴬸ջһΣ˲Ķһ£ѾѾġ
ЩϵͳҲУһһûѾѾ˵ѾѾڿóĶ˷ܵذϵүţһһȥ׸˵Щ
СƳһӣ˵ҲǴˣӦûϲġ
װǸкܸӳ鿪¶ӣװҪһЩ
һֻëףͷԲԲ۾ԲԲӺܺڣһС׹
Ǳ߽Ȯ˳ճˣʺСӳˡ
ѾѾһ⣬ǰ棬С׹С׹ѾѾڿҲڿѾѾͷһᣬƲͷȥ۾бѾѾڷһ
ɰģҺϲ
ɫģȶ̵ģë׵СѾѾñĽ󶼻Ҫɰ
԰ųᣬܹԵġ
׸˵꣬ѾѾӣСܷų
ǹĻĸģ
ġ
õ𰸵ѾѾһת˵Ժˡ
á
ܺãĿǰⳡսУƺʤˣѾѾ˵øͳȥȡ֡
˵ﶼˣȻ͵˾
ϸѾѾ͵࣬ʮӡ
һӴ򿪣ȫǻƽ
ڶӴ򿪣ȫǻƽ
һֱʮӣҲǻƽ
ʮһӴ򿪣ȫǰ

һֱʮӣҲǰ
ÿһӣѾѾҪһΡ
Сˡ
ʤߡ


308 ʲôʶ

͵ܼ򵥺ֱֱܴɻǲǰԼ˽ⶼ͸ѾѾˡ
ϾǰʮȻ̫󣬵ĶֵǮ
Щȫɰʮ˰ɣ
Ǵ˵ǹҵĻôһ
ôǰҰЩƽӶᵽҷȥҪϽطȥɵдţҪúøл͹ĶС
ˣףǶ͹˽ǮѾѾջ
Ժǲǲ÷ˣ
ѾѾطʱ򣬸ողŸʶұȡֵСܾ͸ѾѾ
͵ֻͱѾѾһɶ
ĬĬΪĽĬ
֮ǰͰĽǰˣĽ֮ǰ͸ѾѾĹݣѾѾѾתˡ
󣬸յ־ͱ
ǼҹӶѾѾ˽⻹Ǻܹ
ȻѾѾֶүӸϾͰѳסҵ˻л˶
ѾѾСҲȫˣһ·ժҰҲдԼ״ʯͷģԼ˶ѾѾ
ǽվԺ棬Щ£Ҫ˳ȥæӭǶ˰ѾѾڻطȥдˣǾȥԺɣϾɩӶЩʳȥǡ
С㣬ҲȥѾѾԺŰɡ
ܷܷȥǣ滨־ͳѾѾԺȥȥʱ˳ȥǸװֻӹȥ
滨С鿴󣬺ѯʣʲô
Ľ˸ѾѾ͹ġ
Ǻÿɰ
СӽнԶүҲдʣ˽ȥȥݲ衣
Ȼ˵ģѾѾҵ¶ϲΪ
ºһڲ裬үӣ˵ǴӵѧÿҪˣ֪ѧ÷ҵôˣҪǷӻߵ˸˿Խܹ
ռҴҪһѧãǶԸӵĺӶÑϴȻҲ˵ġ
үϲ˵ҸѾѾǰӲҪҪҳæǳѡƼǾòˡ
ȸǿɣҷ˵ıܣ˳岻̫ãûмȥμӿƾ٣ѧʷǲģƷҲŵùʲʺѧ̺ǣǿźá
үӾһ£û뵽ѧҷӣҵ˳ģæ˵̫ллˡ
һţ˵ˣͿүӣ˵ڴڽѾƾơ֮ӦҪѾƸơƵİɣ
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үһӸ죬ﻹЩŵģһСľ˵Щࡣ
׳ŵͷȷʵѾǸöơƻûȻѾѾóӦҲǲĶ
ǲ֪ЩƲ֮ܲǰζ¥
׸ү̸飬ԼŲãҪҸϵĴȥߡ
ҵĴϵĴ棬һƺ˼Щʲô⡣
ﶼûп
ֻԼȥ
ү˵һүӵ˵ͷ
үӿףش֮ǰ⣺Ҳ֪ǼģʵϣѾѾǺӵģǺССģɴˣ˵黹Ҫһ²С
סšһӦõģѾѾģӦѾѾС
ҵ˸˵**ͷ
ǼԸѾѾ̸̸УѾ֪ơһҲ϶Ǻö
Ҫˣǲ
غѾѾԺιһᣬģͳߣ˵˲ˣߺţԼΪѾѾʦˣҲӦùˣкʲôġ
ͱ֣ҡڵ߹
ľǴҡڣΪٳ׷ţغЩ
ߵʱ򣬳Ժͺɻ㣬ŲתͷĿ䵽غϡ
ڱɵʱһֱھǴţھＸȽϳﶼš
غһ
϶ҪϵʹﵯһȴغԲϲʹΪɾܾˣϻһ취ûС
ʱ˰غˣ˵Ѿﵽ׵ľ磬䷲ͨҪӽѡ
ҲԶԶؼһۣɾһۣԽӡ̡


309 һ׶

û뵽ȻһСٴμغ
ϻôӵͨ񴩵·
̼ǵãǴμʱϻǴһѣõѩ׵գ˿һۣ
غ߹ֱ󣬾Ӹµؿų˵ǸСͽףٵİɣϽŰվʲô"
Сͽܣ
㶣˵غͽܵҪϸȻһֱѰҿ**ͽܣȴȻûһġ
˵⻰˼Ѿҵͽˣ
ͽܻģٳ
ȻЩʲô𾪵ؿغѯʣ˵СͽѾѾ
Ϊغ̫Ծﶼϡ
غͷصͷѾͷﻹ˹ʸͽ𣿡
ˣҲˣȥɣʡñ֪˵Сͽܲдˡ
غڰ֣Ⱦͳȥ
𺳵С
ѾѾȻغͽܣغƺͦϲ
ʲôѾͷʶģ

ѾѾڷдų**ϣʹСȥϷ
ǻһ죬һߵϲˡ
Ժүӵ̬Ҳ˼֡
ǳ̬ȱˣ׸**̬Ҳ˱仯˵Ŀ⻹ʱʱؿһһغϡ
ΨдӺǰͿʼ˻һ̬ûʲôı䣬ôع
үʲôûвģ̧ͷ濴˿˵ϾҪԷˣƲȥƫɡ
ֻԼ˳ԷʱڶϰƫòͣҲܹŵŴӡ
ǵͷүƫȥ
ߵһʱľææشܽ
үˣҶˡ
үͣ½Ųɻʲôˣ
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˵ʲôѵôģʲôýģľȥϴǳæᶫϴϱǸϽԺӰʰãڳ
үӱ˵ţԹȥù峤ϵӣլȥ
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Ľ˵š
׵˵ͷ
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غšһѾڴסˡ
ף
ƺΪʲôغ
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ѾѾС׽Բˣ̱Ժӵĵϣ˵ĻŴȥϴ֣ܵǰĴԺæһᶫ
һᣬѾѾܵȥϺ֣ɩʦ
ָ϶֪ԺˣѾѾ˵ҲڸϹˡ
СϺϱϱаͣؼв˳ˡ
ȻԼ˲˹ǴǹǼѾѾףģҲҪ˳ȥúдҲС
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ҸոջСյ˺ܶкܶƽ鱦ҾСҪÿ춼϶ܿܳΪȫеˡ
СϾվͷǰ泴ˣСһ˵ĻЦ˵ҪС춼˿ܶҸˡ
ѾѾڳûߣС˵Ļͣɩϲ˵ʵ
Сϳ˳ձȲϣ˵Ȳϣϲ˵Щѵ飬ѾѾ˻ͦϲģǺԺҲܺá
ѾѾתܳȥˣҪȥдء
һ꣬Ǹˣһһ˵ˣĺ֮Ͳ׶԰Ҫһ׶ˡ
ҲҪһ׶Ρ
Ժ棬ǴӶںãҲںãһڡ
󣬴ҲӭѧõĿѧ
ոµѧոµòӭܵǸҲѧñ
ΪѧñĶңѾѾҲվѧſӭ¡


310 ѧÿѧ

ԬҲѧõѧˣһԬǣ
ѧſڿѾѾ߹ѾѾһվš
ǸѾѾһӭʵȴǲѾѾ˵⡣
ǰѾѾʱΪʱޣҲҲֻ߸յ߸յ⣬ÿֻʮˣиرܳԵģһ˾ܳԵ⡣
ӵȥ߸ͲǺܹˣΪò࣬˶Ǻδ
ǳԹû͵ĵߣɼ͸ˮյʲôûеĵߣֱֲһʳ
û͵ûģ͵Ĳġ
Թĵ֮Ԭ⼸ζǵζ
վѾѾߣѾѾ˵ѾѾҼˣ㿴ܲɩյ⣿ҼźҺܳʱˣһûһգҪúõظл
Ѷ࣬ʱԵ˿϶Ҳģ㿴ʮյвУ
ѾѾŴ棬ŬסÿһѧУѧȻǽȥ֮ӦҪôߡ
ԬʵĻתͷǰŸ˵ˣȻָ˵˽գѾҴɩ˺ܶյˣҪǼնյôĻյһվˡ
Ϳʡºܶյˡ
ҴɩҲ̫æˣ⣬ܷܷҵҲҪգƯҵҲգʦʹֶˡ
⼸ʦ񶼳ԹѾѾÿΪյ̫ˡ
ԬߵѾѾǰ˵УѾӦǸ쵥ˣɩĵǸյ˳Եģһɣұ֤⼸죬ҾͲڹˣҪҲ¸ٹ
ãȥ֮·ֱߣڵһ·գߵڶӾǵĿˣǵͻȥǽѧУĹظƽʱĿγ̰ŵġ
ѾѾһѧȥ
üͷ˼Ԭʵ⣬ӦаɣǶٹˣҼֶҪյġ
ѾѾԼҲϲյ⣬ǰѼֶӵոˡ
Ԭʸ˵˵һá
ɹһ鹴߽ǵĿȥ
ڴˣԬʸѾѾļֶҲѣиɵĹϵá
ѾѾѧУſڣӵѧ
ǴӵѧΪסýͶˣֻмģһЩ
дӰǱ߹ģдӰ׼ҴģЩԶģүѾ˵סѧõի档
֮ѧûիᣬÿʮ䣬ÿס˸ˡ
ĴỤ̶ִ̄ͨȵú޵Ŀռ䣬ѾѾһǣ˯ʱôȥ´
ѧ滹ʳãʱϱϱʳ
ҪԺѧõѧӶˣҲӵġ
⣬Щסիѧӻһͬĵطˢϴϴϴ·
һѾѾڰС
ѧõĽѧּн࣬кӻŮӣֻҪ飬ѧñֻҪԼһ鱾ѾͿԡ
ֻŮסիĻͲܸסһ飬סһߣǵիԱߡ
ǵѧõŮӻ̫࣬Ů׼ķҲֻ࣬䣬ͬÿ䶼ס˸ˡ
ѾѾѧõţǣִȥ㲻˵ﲻͬѧõôˣ
˷ܵشǰļһҪƯܶѧã˵Ҹ˵ѧ㿪ģҵʹϽ鱾ѣʰ˰԰͹ˡ
Ǵкܶ˼ҶڿҪǵĹŮ͵ѧǶ϶Ϊѧöôģ;ֻҪҲ飬Ҳøһ
кܶҲŮӲԸԼҪڼ¡
ѾѾһǾͿϧˣҪˣֶᷢ黹Ǻܺģѧ滹ǵأеĵ٣Ůĵݡ
ȻѾѾԼϲ飬Ҳϲ٣ö϶Ǳڼºġ
һʦ书ˡʱҪѧ̫ˣǿʱղˡ
ѧһ죬˵˵أ̫ˣѾѾȥ֮뿪
ʦҪѧøѧǽأѾѾ־һһһܵɽȥֹ
װ˺ܶո͵


311 ѧ˴

͹ĹǴϷߵĹũġ
ϾֶҲľԵģҪóóȻѱĹᵽϷֲʧܵĿкܸߡ
ϷûϷеĹ
ŪĹɽ
ѾѾĽ˵㽶͹ɣ㽶𣿡
ҡҡͷûеģСĻδ㽶
ǾеϧˣѾѾͻȥдŸĽϣǱߵ㽶ܲ˵С
ѾѾҪֹҪְܶæ֮󣬴Ҷ
׳ʹĴæֲ
׳һӣֲ̧ʱ򣬿ѾѾ߹ѾѾЦ£ѾѾѲԼĹ԰˰
"ǰ׳磬Ҫ˾ͼǵҪЪһᣬɩͽǶҪһ㡣
ڻû죬΢Щġ
ǴҸһЪʱһͺȾϷ纮һ뽪Է
һ䣺ѾѾôϸģôܵǼҸɻǱڱ˼ҸɵҪ١
ѾѾˣܺõȥүӸϴǡ
үӸϴɽҵĲҩɽϵĲҩǰɽ󣬿ռүӸϴʹɽΧһƬһƬҩЩҩȦ
ĵط㼦ʲôġ
ɽûˮʺѼӸ죬ȴǼʡ
һЩױĵĲҩȦˣҲĻ˼Ķ֡
ѾѾվҩ濴ţ˵Ҫһطֲ˲ξˣ˲ôֵǮǿ϶ܶܶӵġ
үӺЦ˵ѾͷΪ˲θܲһ־ֵİ
ѾѾ˵ţҪ˲ĸܲһҾͲ˲ˡ
˲ζܲһˣ˵˲θܲһֵǮʱ˭˭ȥŲ֡
ѾѾȦҩԽԽҪǲ˲ξ̫ϧˣҪھºܶܶ˲Σȵ֮󣬿ɾǰ˲ˣǧ֮ɾͶǧ˲ΣͿһһشȥһǵҲǮġ
ǮˣҲ費ӣҶǮˡ
һһҿ԰ҵõЩ˲õ𣿡
ѾѾԼǼ˲ε⡣
ÿ˲Ҳһž˾ͻᷢѿȻͿпֵϣԼֳܷ
һһػУǼ˲ζˣ񵽵ֻḯöֳκεĶҪֲ˲Σ˲εֲ
ϵͳ̳ǿԶһ˲ӣ˲Ӿѧаٷ֮ʮ˵ķѿʣֳ˲аٷ֮һٵĴʣҿԶ߳溦ҶصӦԸǿҲֲ
ѾѾĶˣʵҪٻֲܶһ˲ӣ
Ϊ˲κֵǮ˲ҲֵǮ˲ֻԿΪλһһҪһǧ֣һӵ̫٣Ҫɽ⼸ҩﶼ˲ӣöһʮˡ
һһܻеѾѾ˼۸
ѾѾù󡣡
˳ԼĻ֣֮ǰٶ֣Զŵʱ־ĶһЩʳԣʣһٶ֡
ѧÿѧ֮Ϊʮѧ飬ÿѧʮ֣һٵ֡
ֶܻʾİʮ˵֡
һ˲Ӷһˡ
Բ𣬴ˡ
ѾѾʱ˸ϵͳһ˲ӵ뷨㻹ǸĽдʣڳɽûп˲ʲôӣ͵ˡ
㷢ѿʵͣʵͣʤڲҪǮ

ѾѾɽؼҳʱɴҴææܻؼ
ѾѾһӵںɻرϣһԼԵ⣬һι㣬ɽɻɣôôѧôѧ𣿡
ɸղ̫ûע⵽ѾѾѾѾſȥҵĹһ˵СòˣԬʸ˴ˣͷˣǵѧãܻҵȥġ
ѾѾŵüӿ˳ԵٶȣɽȥүӣԼȳѧȥ
ɻرߣֻʣһյӡ
ѧ棬Ѿҳһš
书ǿΪ书ǿҲܶЩǶ֣Ȼܿܰ˴ùۡ
غھҲǼߴģǶǴ֮Ĵ棬ܵ£ҪǼй
һŵЩ޴롣
غ⣬е˶ſյм˿ǸոŤһѾˡ


312 

ԬͷϻѪ·м˺ˣǱҧݺݵصСǿ
СǿԬʴܶ࣬߱ԬʸߣԬʴûôԿ·ЩͷҲץˣһ
ضԬָ
ߣƾҲҴǲ
Ԭʱ۾ˣҪˣſңҪȥ
ҪܴңҾͰѸոճԽȥĵȫ³㡣
СǿŤŤ
ѾѾϹʱ򣬿ľԬҪСǿִ򲻵ӡ
ԬͷѪѾǸŴѾѾһʱ͹ȥԬʵ˿ڣֻЩƤ˶ѣþƾһ£Ȼɴˣѧ׼ƾɴ
ƾѾѾһһѧᴿ취ᴿġ
ܿͰԬʵ˿ڰ꣬˰СǿҲ
СǿҲѧõ飬ѾѾ֪ˣȻСǿʹһЩƷôãѧõĽѧּн࣬Ҳ䣬ֻҪ飬Ըһᡣ
Ǹ죬ѧҲ᳢ȥһֱˡ
Щѧôڵ塣
ѾѾ棬ԬʵСǿ˵һЩ
ԼֻһСӣСǿȫû
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ԭһ鵰ѪѾѾ֪ôˡ
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313 ѧù

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ûӦˣֻҪôأ
ܲǽԼһһʹǰɣ
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û뵽ԼҳǮѧãǶд֣黹ôࡣ
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һһѧУѧΪģüȻһһڵôȽǵѧΪȻҲǱȽܶ࣬ǵҲˣֱӳˡ
ѾѧΪܽˣҪǻԼ˼ȥ˼Ǹࣿ
ͰõĹд㣬㿴ϲʡ
ֻǳдѾѾٶȻǺܿģʱҾͰһСѧΪ淶
һ԰עǱ
1ά𾴹졢գᳪ裬졢೪ʱҪñעĿȶԱж
2ࡢش󷽣̷ȾױΣŮ߸Ь

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߸ЬʲôЬôΪʲôҪ߸Ь
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ѾѾŸոճõΪ淶صҪѯһһΪ淶ϵЩȾ߸ЬʲôԬʾ͹
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ѾѾԬڣûһһˣɴͲˣȰЩûĶˣ³һˡ
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ƲƲ죺ҾⶫûʲôãҿˣҾͲдȥ
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ˣȻдɣѵڲȥѧˣȥɩô
ʱǿԱ߳Ժܶ͡
ѾѾһᣬͬԬʵ룬ԬȥΪ淶Ͱ档
ѧÿѧˣɣɣǶϵѧȥϿΣҲѧ棬滨ӻҲȥѧôˣܸѾѾСʣԬһ
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ѾѾתתҼҾƣҵ㵱ѧ
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ѾѾΨһѧûǵܶѧ֮һá
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ѾѾһᣬ뵽ûɵѧ淶Ҫ鷿ȥдǼҵĴźȻĵ졣
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ǹùˣѾѾһӾϳ
ſںܽſˣֻҪ߼ܹȥţȴֱתᶨسԺȥ͸ûһ
ľѯϵ˼֮󣬹ȥš
һͳȥûݿϣȥϷҡ


314 

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ĲģǼҹȥһֱƶҲʲôϣֻ֪ϺܺÿʣҪǸѾѾѣ͸Ӻÿˡ
Ͼ͸Щȱӣ˸ŮһǾԼҹŮȱô·һûϲŮѡ
հѶպãŽ
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˵˭ǼѾѾ๫
Сǿϴβ˵𣬵ȵѾѾˣǼСǿȢѾѾ֪֪׵ģ϶˺ѾѾġ
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ѾѾӻ˽⵽ʲôȻǺԼΪʲôͳΪˣȨǺܸߵġ
ҲΪŻỹģڴ⣬ֲǱܴġ
ѾѾ˵꣬򣺡ùãǼҰѧˣǸĺǶ飬µĵģҪСǿҪ飬ҪѧǻǺܻӭѧŴһ顣
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315 

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ѾѾЦе˵ţڵ㰡ŲȥûжãǿȥץЩСﱾˮء
Ըˮһɳʱ򳤳˵д׵ζˣֻҪ㶼óԴ˰
һһ
ûиѾѾ˵飬ѾѾ˵ʵ͸ࡣ
ǰĻúɵ˺棬ƺѾѾ˼ֿʼŷˣʲôͲóԴףѹûʲôϵ
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ѾѾĻһһĸо࣬ǰĶͦģֻǺĻôô֡
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ˮѾĲˣ㣬һˮķϳ˻ǳˮô죬϶ǲеġ
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һȥ͸˵飬õȥ峤˵ȻŴȥ磬ڵ㣬Ǽҵʳ¥ܸջȥ
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ѾѾ̾˿˵ŮСްҿֻСްˣ׳ʱ𣿡
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ͣ½Ųſ˫֣ͺףҪ׵Ļˣȵϲˡ
ѾѾѾѾ§ϵĲӣŶ˵ҵõףҪ㳤Ժ󶼺úõرףףҰ㡣
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ĵ黹Ƕࡣ
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֪ĸˣкܴĿǲʶǸˣЩûйϵ
ھһȥգҪǰԵ⡣
æ˵ȷҪȥԬʼҳԵ⡣
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Ϸһοظ˵ٳЩԲ·ˡ
ãȹȥˣһ㱧ҡ
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ѾѾԬʼҸԬ군үѾڼˣүӻѾѾҪдѧΪ淶֮һֱԺѾѾ
ѾѾſ˫֣סŵţʣд𣿡
ѾѾתת˰죬үʲô
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ѾѾڵ˵˳
үӳһᣬͷֻ硭


316   ѾѾˮ

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УҲˣҪȥˣھȥ峤˵˵ûԸһҪڵġ
үӴҴææҪȥߵһ룬ʲôֻعͷǵðЩΪ淶д꣬дҿҪû⣬ȥôҶúء
ʡôִˡ
ѧҲǷͷѪˣŵһԺ󻹲֪ҳʲôӡ
ү̾߳ſڡ
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317  ź

ȻѾѾһѾѾŵ͵վûվȣֱӵ档
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ҪѾѾʲô飬ʮ㶼ģѾѾǸ
ղѾѾ󺰵ľŴ峤СĶźƣѾѾ꣬ʮ꣬Ŵ峤˹
Ŵ·ѾѾһǺ죬ڳݲ˵ţԡԡԲҡҡҲҲǹġ
ѾѾˮ֮һ¾ͱ϶ˣ·ʪһ⣬ûʲô󰭡
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ȻȥҾ͸˵˵㶼ˮˣԺò档
ѾѾԴ̧ͷ϶˵ðҪǶ˵ˣҾ͸ߵԼңҵˮģʱô㡣
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źƿѾѾ϶Ļ̲סۡһЦ
ѾѾЦȻ֪ЦʲôҲšۡһЦ
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ѾѾҪܷѾź˵Ļ˵ǴаһýÑȥģҾôĺӣҪлĻҪȥѧдֱȽϺá
˿ʶ⣬黹֪ܶԽ̻ôء
СʱǺˣڲôģΪʶ֣ܶҾͿԿѧܶ˲֪Ķ
ռҴ彨һѧûҪ飬֮ǰҲżҴ
СĺѾȥˣ֮ǰȥһΪڱĴӣ̫Զˣһһص顣
ǣԼеѾõʱȥˣҲֻռСѵԴ
ѾѾĻһӼᶨҪȥѧõľģûôߡ
̧ͷᶨѯѾѾȥü𣿡
üֻҪʲôʱУԼ鱾ѣҪѧԷĻҲҪԼӣѧõѧӶġ
ҪǲһͭܶĻҾͻ᲻֪ϧˡ
ѾѾź˵֮䣬ߵһкܶΧץ㡣
Ǵ׳һֺܴܴ͵㡣
ܺ棬ѾѾö˲ϸź˵
ź˳ѾѾ߿ȥ֪ץȤˣ͸˵ץҪ͵Ҿ¥ȥģǼҾ¥ÿ춼ܶ㣬Ǵ˶ˡ
ˣ㿪ʳ¥ҲǴѧ𣿡
ѾѾ˵һ·źѾһʼ˺ܶࡣ
ѾѾ룬ô˵ҲûһһѧģѧģӦһģͷ
쿪ʼȥǴѧ顣
һ죬˵Ҳܸһ㣬ԳΪѣ
ѾѾЩץˣô˺ܶܶϻȥ
ѾѾ˫ؿţȥæ
УźκѸٵؾܾˣ˵˲㿿ˮġ
ңŸմˮҪٵȥġ
ѾѾǺܸ˵Ӧ֪ˣҾվ￴ţұ֤ȥ˰ɣ
šźƻǺܷģ۾һֱضѾѾ׼ҪǳȥҪһʱץס

һֱϴѾѾȥѾѾҲûҵȥץ㣬źһ㶼棬ԬʸĽԸһ¡


318  ѧˮ

صڼſժˣϱҲһӶ϶棬ʱʱ̧ͷЩʲô
ѾѾܹһˡ
ѾѾԼ·ûиɣϴŵĻźƵ·
תͷѾѾһӾվסʺŴ϶ѾѾ·ô£Լ·أ
ѾѾˡ
϶Ҳˡ
ǾȻ·顣
϶ѾѾƭϡ
һӣ֪⺢Ӳʵش𣬵ϴ֣˵
ǡǡѾѾżҴʱ·ʪˣͻ˸·
ϴ󲻻˵ѣͷµ˵˳
һѾѾˮŵ˫ȷҪѾѾסĴȣŻˤġ
ؿڣµغ˼Ժ󶼲ȥʲôżҴ壬ˣˮĵطȥ
סȣѾѾҲǣԺͺúôڼ￴飬Ҳȥˡ
ѾѾ˵Щ߰ĶҲ֪ȥ棬Ҫ㲻ҳȥ棬ֻڼܶˡ
ûصʲôʲôڼҴžС
ﶼ˵ˣ㲻Ҫˮĵطǲλã˶ñ̻ˣҪûڣҪˮˣʱҲȥ𡭡
´˽֮ϻûס˵ѾѾ䣬ŶֹǼ䣬Ǽ仰ػص˵˺ö顣
ѾѾ˵Դȫҳˡ
϶˵ѾѾʱ򣬸ϽľǣȥϴľľҲŽȥ
´Ҫǻȥӱ߽棬ҾֽŶˣԣҾֱöֽţûûŵˣҲȳȥˮĺá
һ㶼ʡģһŮӼҼҵôͲ
ȥܼҴһĺӾǵˣû˵𣿡
ռҵſڣֻʣϣϱѾѾ
ڽŮϱҲò廰Ų˵ؼȥժ˾УѾѾϵļͷ̽ԴϱҪˣ˵ɩӻڵأԺ˾˵ûд֮ˡ
ϱ
ϻ˵ѾѾĻһ٣һѾѾ˵㡣
˵꣬ѾѾָûһһժˣ˵˵İԡ

ЩʱүҲˣ˵ѾѾżҴ飬˹ǽϵôȥϴ϶
ԼöãҿǾǷˣúôһǲˡ
žžž
㡭
Ҳˣ´ο϶úÿѾͷ
ѾѾװðȾȶ硭
һ˲䣬Ժﶼ϶Ǻ
ҪϴҧĬĬƺ
үҲûӣҲҸоش˼ΣͰɣôȥźá
ǶѾѾĽʱ䡣
֮ǰ˵βȥˮˣΪʲôûмסΪʲôԼˮˣǲصѧȥˡ
´Ҿ͸һֽŶϣ㻹ôȥ棬ôȥ
ү˵ĻѾѾѾ˵һˣԶܹܸүһ˵ֽŶˣҲȥˮĺá
үһѾѾԴѧ˵
ǵѾѾүӣҪѧˮˣǲǾͿȥӱ棬ܸŴһȥץ˰
һŮѧʲôˮԺͺúڼ￴飬㲻ǻҪѧҽڼÿҽˣҪʲôģȥ壬Ҳ絽ȥˣǸСﶼסҲ֪ôġ
ǲ򶼲ˡ
ү˵˵ţ־Ҫȥúôһ϶
Ǵˣô¡
ѾѾͷȷʵÿҪʱ򣬶綼ҽߣУ˲֪
ţ⻰˵úã⻰õ˵ȻҶܣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ǵҿѧˮҪѧˮˣǾͲõҵˮᱻˣҾкӻŮӶǿѧˮģ㿴˵ˣȥһŮӡ
˵ŮҲǻᱻģȻŮҲᱻͣΪʲôŮӲѧˮѵŮӵˮˣֻܵű
Щ˼ǲǾ˸Ǯʡºܶ˰
үѾѾԴϹ˵ŮǵСްǴ󱦱㼸ǮǣҪ˷ǮȢϱҪǻծ
ǵǲǿѧˮˣ


319 ԬҪ

ѧѧɣҿˮͺܺã㡣
үӷԼ˵ѾѾ˰϶˹ԸúýѾѾˮ
ȻҪ̣үӴһӣѾѾļֶҲȥһѧ
ѧˮ黹һ㣬ǵץˣóڵãϽȷŵȻˮ綼óˡ
ѾѾûѧˮ֮ǰˮĵүӸ϶ȥ
ֻڼѧ书ֱغŸһʱĹݿΣò׽֮һһִߴѧҽˡ
ĽӦø˵ڳɽϾΪ岻ҪǵӵİɣΪѣѵҪһֱɽϲɽ
㻹ϽúѧҽѵҪĽڳɽ𣿡
úúãҺúѧҽ
ѾѾһһ˵ĴΣ¸ձغݲֿ꣬ʼһһһƵ
ѾѾˮȥ飬һһһһҪˮˮʱ䱻ݵ̫ˣˣǾ֮һܾȻ𣿡
һһҲ뵽⣬˵ԣҪ˸㼱ȣ˹ֻҪ㻹ûкܴĸǿԾȻġ
ʲôǼȸ˹ѧ𣿡
ԡ
һһһЩˮ֮󼱾ȵķ˹ϳѾѾ
ϣƵϡ
ЩǺܼ򵥵ģûҽѧʶҲѧᡣ
ѾѾҲܿѧᡣ
գ綼ºˣɽϵΧǽڸ𽨣Ҳ϶ȥģѾѾһ书غ֮ǰ͸Ͻ϶ȥӱѧˮ
ϲǺԸѾѾѧˮүͬˣҲûʲô취ֻܾȥѾѾǡ
ΪѾѾˮʱܹһ㣬ϸѾѾ˼׽һ·ӸﻹŪӰס
õһˮӸȾͻᱻ
ɶǼҲҪһѧģȻǾ˺ܶࡣ
ڰ̫ʱҲǺ䣬ǴɶǼ͸ɴվһԣˮ
Ҳû̹ˮҲ֪ộҿǼˮźӱߴţԼȸȣȱСã̻ȡ
϶ҲԼѧӾ˵ģкҲộ㰲˴ɶǼͿʼרעڽѾѾ
ѾѾˮȥģȥ֮һֱѾѾ䲻䣬־û뿪ѾѾϡ
ѾѾüͷ磬ҾӦԼģȻôѧӾ
Ƕ籧ſܷܲɡ
϶ûɿѾѾ
ѾѾ
ѾѾˮﱻ϶ţһԼıˮƵ˦ֽš
Ȼɽ壬ˣˣԬӵˮˡ
϶ʲô룬ѾѾߣǽվ͹ȥԬʣԬѾˮ˺ܾã̫ˮʱѾԹȥˡ
ɶѾԼӰϣɻѾѾҲ˳ǰ׼õĸ·ѾѾϣѾѾһȥԬʵ
Ԭʱ϶ƽڵϣ˫۽գԭӷ׵ΣڸһĵøƵġ
ɫǺܲɫźܺˡ
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϶̽ԬʵıϢûһ˿ˣЩصص˵ͷ
ӱ߻кܶũдɻߵĶ˹һ϶Ļ˵ܵͳ
ȥ֪ͨԬû
úõô˵û˾ûأ
ѾѾüͷڱϿһᣬȻȥƿ˶Ԭߵ϶˵û
ˮˮǻͱǻΪˮζϢ߲Ϣȱͻԡ
ˮУ߿ȱ
ҪǼȼʱǿԽȻģЩѧϰݡ
磬Ұ·⿪͸Ӵ࣬Ӳݶɾ磬㱧ſĴϣȥˮ
ƽţ
ѾѾԬʽķθգΧ˾ͿѾѾݲȵԬʵؿϲϵذѹţҲ֪ڸʲôûֹ
ѹ˺üʮ£ԬʵûʲôתѾѾüͷҪ˹ˡ
϶֪ʲô˹ɿѾѾҪԬʵӣæֹУ㲻
ѾѾҽӦô
źƴȺ߳
ҪѾѾܸɴظôԬ˹
Ԭ˴ҴææظϹҸóһʴңءôˣ
Ԭؾ֣ҡȿȿȡ


320 һ

Ԭؾ֣ȿȿȡҡȿȡ
ԬһۿڵϵԬʣæ˹
ѾѾûʲô£
ѾѾ˵ûˡ
ԬϾԬſϡ
Ԭʺߵ˵ţûˣ㲻ñҵġ
ſš
Ԭ˰˵
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ԬʲŤ󣬹ԹԵſԬϡ
ԬϾִ̧ԬʵƨƨϣžžԬʵۿһ¾ͺˡ
첻ȥѧõ𣿰ôܵӱˣǰɣðɣھѾѾļһǲ˲Ͳ֪ˡ
ۣҪˡԺ󶼲ˡ
ұ֤Ժ󶼺úõأȥѧõģĲˣͷŹҰɣѾѾȰ
ӣҲȰȰﰡĲˣҲˡ
ΧΧ۵Ĵ񿴵ԬûʲôˣкߵˣһתȥԼĻ
ԬʱԬ˴飬ǶĬؾԬǻõġ
Ԭ˸ո˵Ǿ˲֪ͦеģҼСҲʱˣʡʲôʱԬһ
ԣҼСҲҪУһ٣Ƕԡ
һ˵һ뿪
ǵĻԬҧ촽ľѾѾ
ѾѾڵϽؿԬ˴ԬʣԬʣ㲻Ӧѧõô
ԬϵĶһЩԬʳŻش𣺡ҡҼǽҪˮҲѧˮ͸Źˡ
Ȼ㼸ֶԼºȥѧѧôҾ͸ºˣֻǡû뵽ҾȻ
˵Ԭʾúơ
ѾѾҪѧˮͲ֪һѧԼһǱ͵͵ʲôҪǴɿ㣬Ҫˡ
Ԭԭָˡ
磬Ǽɡ
ѾѾԬˣ϶ȥѧˮתʱ򿴵źƾվڱϣһز͡
ѾѾô
źƸϽֲ˼ͣ˵ûԺ͹ˣˣոǸ˵ķҲԼѧ𣿡
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ܽǴܶ»˵ˮˣҪǴ˶֪ôˮ˼ȣǲСĵˮ˻ȵĿҲһЩ
԰һһ߸˵Ҫˮˣ֮ҪľҪͨǽϰ⿪·
ڱࡢӲݡŻȡɽת·һģĳܡ
֮ҪȽȥˮ˵һȹأһϥϥĴϣ**ʹθڵˮ
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ķθոӦҲôˣķθտԸ˹һ˹ո԰
ѾѾ˵˵ţֿ϶˵磬ȥ֮Ҳô峤̴ˮ֮ļȰɣÿͲôˮˣԽ̸ŵˣŵռҾ˶ӦһЩȵİ취ġ
϶ѾѾôԬʴӹŹģ˵ͷûǲһ㣺´λ˭˹ҲԼ㼸ֶӰæ
źѾѾ˵Ļ뵽ոոԬʵܽӴɫֱú֣ȴ쳣ᶨظѾѾѾѾҾ˵úе
ȻھˣǹңҵҪ
֪
ѾѾνذ˰֣ߵӱߣˡһȥ
϶״æ
ѾѾܴˮʵҲѧټѧ书ĹѾѾѾʮԶ
źȥѧүӣ鱾ѣ鱾ֱѧÿʼϿΡ
ѾѾؼһ˸ɾ·͸϶һȥҴ峤˵˽̴Ǽȷ顣
峤Ѿ˵£ͰѴǼйѾѾָʾһӦô˼ȣһǺԬʹˮߣϾо飬ھ˵ˣźƳ䵱
ѾѾڱϽġ

صѾѾĽдŵʱ򣬰ԬʵˮҲд˽ȥд˼ȵķĻϰⷽȥ
ĽдˣѾѾҲдһݡ
Ļб䶯ɲ鿴֡
𣿡ѾѾ˷ܵضдһżë䵽ֽϺһҲûע⡣
ȫƾԼԬʣϵͳһٻ֣Ѽȷȥø˻һǧ֡
Ŀǰһǧ


321 

һӱλѾѾ˺ЩҸֵӡ
һٵֶһ˺ܶʳϳ
ǿ־ͶһʮƿҪΪһһݻỵŻҪһĿֳ
һĿֲȫԼҪȵģһţŸɶһ𺰵ķ棬ôȥ͵ʮ
ŸֶӵģԬʸķݡ
ԬԴˮȻֱϴˣڶͼѧֱϴһ֮󣬾Ͱ˲١
ÿһͻᵽѾѾ緹緹֮󣬾͸ǼƺƵسѧȥ緹ѧԵˣǼ緹ҲѧóԵġ
Ϊү˵ˣÿһһصķʱ䣬Ļɢˣѧ档
ÿ극ܸͬѧһṦΣһ˯һᡣ
Ǿʹһֱѧ̫ɽʱ
ѾѾѧ֮϶ǶȥѧˣڴϹţԬѧ֮󣬶ֱӻؼҡ
ѾûԬˣ컹Ԭʺġ
ŴĿյѾѾԬʣˡ
﷢͵Ľԣִһ٣Ķҳˡ
Ԭ¶һ̫ˡı顣
ѾѾͬļ˵û£ﲻԣҽԡ
Ҫ㼸磬Ͳˡ
ѾѾ
ɺܿһӰ붼װ
ѾѾһһ룬ŵԼǰ
ﶼѾѾСãѾѾǸʲô
Ǻ
ѾѾѾǰֵһչ棬չޱһվҾܿ
ԼҨһ룬һߺʣµľȥҨ
ԬʿʼҨԬʸԼҨһ룬Щϡ
ѾѾߺš
ǶҨˣѾѾĻ˵кҪʿȣԬִûʲôȵġ
Ǵɶǡ
˶ȵˣպȵһڵʱ򣬳ѾѾ˶̼۾
ؿѾѾѾѾȵúһҲֺһڡ
Խ۾ԽԽٶȾԽ졣
ʲôϣ̫úˣҿԺʮ롣
ԬʹȥҨһ룬ºȵûˣϽҲҨһ롣
ѾѾ˵ţȻúˣѸҵģ͸ôһ㣬ǲܸ˵ˣȻǾͲˡ
Ԭʵͷ֤϶߱˵ġ
ɶҲŵͷ
ֲɵģԼȵĶô˵
ⶫһβ̫ܺ࣬Ȼݻỵġ
ʮСѶЩϧǵ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
ԬʸϽֺһ룬Ҩڶ룬ѾѾ컹ܹ𣿡
ԣǵðҸɻˣҪæɻ˲ſԺȡ
ʲô
ǰһЩͼ໭һ㣬ʱҪøȥġ
ѾѾѾȥø˵ˮȷ飬ؿкܶССĺÿ˶
Ҳ˵Զģȥ귢ˮҲмģҪǴҶ˼ȵİ취൱ǶһȻı˵Ҳ
͸мѾѾҪⷨӴȥֻﲻһô࣬϶ǲڴѴҾۼͳһѧġ
ѾѾ黭һЩͼſڻÿɹȳ
ͼ϶ԽԽõġ
þһʦҪЭ참ûȥôͼѾѾͰ⹤а
ЩҲѻģһۣһͼʮǮ
ԬǰæȴѵģҲ˵ȫѣԺȵȵĿ֡
ԬǼȻܾѾѾֻǶҪȵѧܻ֮
֣ʮСӶشѾѾ鷿߳ȥ
סɵĸ첲ǽСõķָСıʲôˣ
ɸϴһǸʵˣæߴɣ˵Сڽ壬Ҫѧ𣿡
һѧת뿪ñȴǶҪ졣
ʱľһ߽ܺС㣬һŹ㡣
ѾѾ˲ϳԣӹţֹţĽô͸һˣ
ŷʲôûд˭ģҪ˲֪ѾѾҪͲүӣƨɵţͿʼԷ
ռҹأԷʱ飬ǲӰԷ¡
ѾѾţԷٶȿ˲٣һ극ܻطȥ
ԭǸɵҵš


322  

ɵյҸдˣҵļƻܺãᰲ˹һ۾顣
иɵ˵ڸ˼ӣʱԹȥһ¡
ѾѾţųȥү˵ϻż
ү΢΢һӹѾѾϵĵд˵ַүҲʱȥһθǣûȥַҲ֪ġ
滹д
ǧ״լӣ̾˵ɵá
׵Ҫˡ
ϴ϶ҲݣҲù˿ѾѾʲôʱȥǿЩӣ
ɣȸɵŵ˵ȥ
ѾѾ˵
֮Ҫ̫ˣǹ԰ҩģ㣬ӽˮЩ
Щֻ˵һ䣬˰ȥҲôҶڲӵˡ
϶ͷҲãȵȼĵæȥҲС
ơҲŪˣҪ˵飬ˣ˷棬Ҫȥ𣿡
ѾѾҡͷȥһ㶼档
ˣǰʱ԰ҲˣѾѾһСһȺ̫ˡ

ŶѾѾû̫Ӱ죬ѾѾÿ书ݸҽ⣬ǵȥ棬һȥ档
ϸ޶һΧûмʱ򣬾Ͳ뿪ӡ
ѾѧˮˣҲܹܵӱȥ档
תתɽתתתתžתѧ
ԭҶȥѧöˣֻһûȥʱҲһ㶼ġ
ѾѾվѧſڸһһпš
Ҫѧһˡ
ѧĿγ̶ѾѾ밲ŵģǲοһһĿγ̰ţѧԭеĿγ⣬ΣֿΣֹЩγ̡
ֿغϵģֹҴһЩջеĴϵģξָ
ֵ˼ξֱӱξУôһ书ѾѾҪݽϣǰ书ģھɻ
ҿһϷ
ѾѾṩ˼Ϸǡ
ϲİҼҾƣҲӥץСЩһһ˵СǺϲϷ
ѾѾ߽ȥʱԬʣǶӥץС
ԬӥĸѾѾܽȥһֻСǼβ͡



̼ļĴЦѧص
Ԭʿ϶ѷһֻӥץһᣬ۵ڴ̱һԣڵϵСǿ˵ϰɡ
Сǿӥ
ѾѾգգ۾ȵϷ֮ȥԬʣôҲһ氡֮ǰǻܵ𣿡
Ŷ˵СǿҸˣ̫ˣ̵ĶᣬֶдÿҵҰġ
Ԭʵ˵š
ڵҵĻȻҲдҵҵҪȥˡ
ѾѾɴ۾ؿԬʣ군ˣ㾹ȻͬѧдҵҪǱҵ֪ˣ϶ֻᰤˡ
ΪʲôҰͬѧдҵⲻ֪ˣҲҪҵġ
ԬʻԼúܺõء
ѾѾǺǡԼȥѧΪ淶ɣдġ
ܳ˵ҵҲܰҵ˳Ҫʵ
ԬܻؿȥΪ淶ˡ
źҲǸԬһģղŴҶϷʱֻһһڴ¶顣
ȵԬˣֻʣѾѾһˣҪѾѾ˵նһ£͹ѾѾߡ
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ͷ飬Ļ
ѧû죬ΪܹԼøѾѾһһʱȥˣͬѧһʼһֶڵѾܹ˾ųɡ
ѾѾѧֻ棬ϿΣһҪϿˣȥʳҳԵġ
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׳ɩܲóԡ
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ѾѾܲصڼſڿæܹȥ壬ô
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323 

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СѸһˣѾѾҲԸһ棬ү˵˾䡰壬Ҹȥˡ
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ЦЦҾѾѾ֪һλøףһλռҴ˴ڣӵĸҲǸӵĵĸ

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ʱʱϼ䣺Ҳѧˣѧ˭Ĺã˭ࣿ
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324  ˳

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ɽһٶɽˣеռһ룬ǶߵĹȱھСˣʣµŮ˺ӣҲɽȥȥҵ͹԰﹤ˣһֱɽϵĻʵͦġ
ѾѾһ·ϰԼļƻ˵ˡ
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326 ѾѾ

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328  Σ

źȻżҴ峤ֻżҴǰģźƲһɹúںڵġ
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ѾѾСȭͷ־ؿźơ
źƱѾѾЩߣֵԴ
һһ֮ǰʵЩѾѾ͵ģϾѾѾС͵ĺӻԣױһʱҫͷԣտʼʱѾѾͦϲģڳ˻鶼뿴
ѧ书Ҳǣһʼ֮󣬾Ҫһ͵ѧ˰书ʵ
ѧϰҽҲЩ裬ĿǰĽչһЩ
ܹѳһЩļһЩ纮ҩҩһЩ˿ڣǲԶˡ
ҪĽϵѾѾȥžֻܵ
һ˳֣ĽһѾѾΣУһһʾϲּ
Ҫǣ֪źƵĹݵúܺãغ˵ġ
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ѾѾոջһźƵɵ˵ӣǺνŶԽɣֲϲ١
һһˣо

Ϊ˲Լ䱿ѾѾص֮󣬵һ¾һһϵͳһ˺ܶԽת
ҪôԽתıӸողǻ˵ҪܣźƳ𣿡
ѾѾֱ׳˵Լ̰࿴һЩԽת䣬Ҿͻˡ
һһ
үӴѧûˣ֪ѾѾѾӸǻôȥѾѾ
ѾѾֽϰԽתĿҪȥźƣҪܴźȴ𲻳Ǿ˵ǱźҪߵġ
ʱȻԼЩʲô۾մ˵㱭ĲˮĨ۾档
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Ҫ۽ǻմƬҶүҪˣڣѾѾԴá
һѧȥúϿΣڼһѧʲô߰ĶòҶˮĨ۾ϼٿǼѧˡ
үͷ۲ѣεؿһߵĻЦˣ⺢ԽԽƤˡ
⺢ӣϽϴɾˮȵģǸϷģϴطȥú÷ʡڸǹҹ£ѾҽˣȥЩƭˡ
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329 һҪʵ

ѾѾ
ˣСӣһҪʵͶȡǲеģǵ۾ѩġ
ѾѾҽϿˮ̲ˮ۾кôģֻѲҶŪߣ˼۾үӵţ
ո˵һѧȥ飬ѧҽô죿Ҫÿ춼ѧö飬Ҿûʱѧҽ˰ҵ㲻˵ѧý̵ĶҶѧȥѧǲǾ˷ʱˣ
үӸղֻһʱѾѾ˶ѣѾѾĻ룬ȷʵкܶ಻еĵط
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ڱŸŮ̸˵ѾѾʵǸܶºܴĺӣոҲǱŵ˶ѣΪȫУûҪҪȥѧѧء
˵ȥǵ飬Ҳһʱȥģû뵽Ҫ֪ͨһòá
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͵˵ͷ
ҾҪŶ
ѾѾϣҪǴҸղŶѾѾ˵ҪϿڶҪѾѾʵǸ˿Ҫˡ
ҪҪǻˣҵĺӡ
ϻֲѾѾ־ض㵽Լ๫档
ӿǱŵú
ҪҪ߿๫ߡ
ĵʧķһ
ϵ๫ͷˣˣ˵Ӳܴ̼ģ˲ҪǿӣһеϵĴ֮ٶ϶
кĴӿеĴָľǸź
ϵԥˣʱѾѾӵЦЦû£ҩôġ
˵ţѾѾĶúʵֻΪǹŵģվŵģֽСܿȥߣִϻͳһմɺҩӣٵϵıӡ
ǧգڴ˿̣


334  ǣ

ѾѾضԻһҮƣԺЦЦ
ѾѾһɧˡ
ǸСʲô⸾ôεˣ
Сﶯǿ죬͸书һ
ϵ๫𾪣εʱʶطסϡ
ѾѾʲô
ѾѾ޹˵ûʲôԼ˵ܴ̼ҾȰŪˣʲô֪ͲǴ̼˰
㡭
ѾѾԶԣֻתͷ˵ˣӹãȻҩϹãȻŪӣΪֻع
ѾѾ޹ˣţҩԼģûйϵ
ǣԼҩղŻҩϵĺӶŪأСҽûйϵ
ΧȺߵذѾѾ˵ѾѾȡһСҽš
ҲľľˣûҩӴģСҲֻΪϿһ¶ѡ
ˣȻѾˣζŲ̼ܵˣСһ**壬ǲĵʧķɡ
ǡ
ѾѾ˵عȥϰˡ
ѾѾİҵѧûܿͿϵ쳣˵ش˵ĻϵһаȻʧķ衣
ѾѾոϰ۾ʹ
򶼹ˣΪѾѾĻ˵Ҳϰһ
֮˵ˣ˸쳣ʧķ衣
ԹȺһῴѾѾһῴеԥҪôԡ
ѾѾƵؿһһһһҸոհûɣ
ûУˡ
ѾѾֱˣֻҪԼĴУָ˵ͬõĴҲ
Ȼ˵һǾֻȨĴˡ
мؿѾѾϷ˵ʧķ裬ʧķ裬СѾͷʲô
ѾѾܵŻ·˵壬ˡ
ؿ򣬲ɵؿڣͬõĴ
ѾѾƤضͷ

ٲԸ⣬ͬõĴҲˣĽѾѾһûκ쳣ûʧķ衣
ΧȺڵһȥҩãȻЩʲô˵ˣˣո˵๫磬Ƿȥҩġ

һдƺˣһдƺֻš
ϵ๫ȥϵĶӣôߵģһ֪ǲԸ˵
ΰ˵ѣг䵱ʲôɫҲ˵
ֻȹѺ
ΧȺɢȥѾѾҲɢȥһο󰸣һһβ󰸵ѾѾһ·϶ѡ
ԭ󰸵ģЩǻСʱǵĵһ᲻ôǣǲŻģԣ壬кӵĻˣһҪҪǲͻˡ
Ҷ类ݺݵشһ֮ھͲȥĲˡ
ѾѾڻļϣС쳣˵š
ѾѾץȣЦѾѾСʱҲ𣿡
ѾѾӦ˵СްŲôҡ
ôûɻС
ΪǺúӰ
ѾѾޱȵص⡣
˵ţǣǺúӣҪϹأֱӻشأ
ѾѾŻԴ۾˼ڣȥʳ¥뽫Կ㡣
ÿ󰸿ʱе㳤Ѿ緹ʱ䡣
ѾѾֱû˾¥¥İ䡣
ѾѾڻļϽ¥Ŀ˶ؿǣǶĽѡ
ҲҪ棬úܸߣúԶǵĵ϶˵ÿǵģŮӣڼʱ򣬵棬ο档

ʳ¥ڵһںӶ̾˿
ѾѾɲ֪Щ˰֮󣬾ûױһظܾ¥Ĳȡ
Ǿ¥в˶ܺóԵģֻˣҪȫȶˣǿ϶Բ꣬Բ˷ˣֻѡԵĲˣ壬Ҫʲô
˳ԷҲʼԽԽϸѾѾû̲ס¶˳ʽЦݡ
ã֮ǰһЩӡ
кܶǸӶʧйϵЩӶʧʱҲǲǼ´󣬻һ
ҵ˼ӵʬ壬ΪѾģûݣһͬ㣬иɫ̥ǡ


335 ̥

壬ЩӦþͱˣҪǲĻȥ׸ɩǸԵġ
ѾѾ˲˵ϵвˣÿ˶ô˲ֻӦУ˼ѵûѰֻһݿ㣬ָҪץһСġ
һ˵Ĵײˡ
Ĳ˵εصͷá
˳Է˳Աģ⻹ͷһ
ЩѾѾ˻ôӣʲô
ֻǲ֪ԽǮ˾ԽģѾѾѾѾԼֻڷǹ˵Ĵͳ¡ڼԼѡ
˶Եð뱥ѾѾСӣûȥ
ȻԼҵӣΪ˱ڼˣѾѾǼҵԷҲҪӵģ⻹ѾѾԼĹأеӻǻĿڴ

ѾѾڸѾѾ·Ϸӵıݺÿ𣿡
ѾѾڼҪȥϷѾ˺öˣԴҶ֪ҪȥϷСǼ֪ѾѾˣҲϵĻ
ƽ̫ˣټҲûȥϷıݣȥϰֹĴɣһſڵæ¸ͷҲ˹˸СѾѾǰ˵Сã˵˵ϷӶЩʲôˣԬ˵ǱݵĶɺÿˣԬҲϸ˵Ǿ嶼Щʲô
ҲȥϿϷӱݵģԼƽʱɻҲЩӣ볡ƱˣүǶ˹ȥˣһֱڼѾѾ
ҲСˣܰɲٻͱȥүֲҩѾѾؼҵϢɽڲҩү˵һܻؼûžʹţ
Сãҽ˵
ҪһµˣȻͻᱻ͸ˡ
Сǰʱͺϲǽ£Ҫеʱˣʣµļɾͻ͸
ǻֵܹÿζ͸ؼĵطС˵ʱûڴС
ѾѾպ˱裬ЪϢһᣬһգ۴Ҿ໴Сһ㣬ڴؿ
²豭̾˿ҲûϷӵıݡ
𾪵ؿڣСã㲻ȥϿϷӱݵôҲûûҵϷ𣿿Ԭ˵Ǿڰζ¥Աߵİ
ǣѾѾҡԴ﷢˵
ŵؿڣôôȱ£ѱ˵ĺ͵˾ˣҪôСĺӡǣǺӵöʹ
˵ǺɺҩˣǸûʲô£᲻ʲôⰡ
ҪӭһСӤϱ˿ĵľǸС顣
ѾѾҡͷⲻģȵǸ֮ٺúС
ǵϷ˵ҪˣϱˣڱĵطҲأҪȥǱ߱ݵġ
ѾѾԼܿϷӵı൱ϧ
ǿϧԼûȥϿôӵġ
·ҲȥˣǵѾѾ˻ôЩˣòֻܿųİɣҪǱųˣǲֻȥץĺˣǰѺץȥҪԼŻҪʲôģ
ΪһȺСܲ׸̣ǵǺʵ⡣
һѾѾҲǺ
˵֮󻹻ǵģҲ֪ô
ɺͶɺܼǿȥ𣿳ʲôʱ󣿡
ڴɺͶͷһһ£ȥʲôȥȥϣڼúõظɻѾѾҲǣû¾ٳȥҪҪȥ͵ýڴߣԼ֪
ɲܱ˷Ӹˡ
ϵͷҲǺܰȫǼСģԺû¾ȥϻΣڴҲҪڴߣ˭֪Щ˷ӻûͬﰡ
ѾѾ
ЩڸĴ˵飬ǲǵԼɣ
Щʱϴ϶ǶҲϻ
ʱϸ˵ѾѾ¡
˵ǸϻŪ˸ɫ̥ǵʱ򣬰ıһ£һֻԼļϡ
ѾѾûԱسԶͣһ֮ɻɩôԷˣ
ع˵û¡ջǷ
˵ŵ飬ҾͿʼ˵Լ£ҪǼҵĹȣѾѾǸ˦ƹֻӣĶܣֻʱʱһͷ

극дռǣԣӦǸĽдŵʱ䣬֮ǰ˺Щдѧ淶ѾкüûĽдˡ
˿֮ǰԽתĿһᣬҪĽϵżһ𣬲ֻĿûд𰸡


336 ѾѾĵһ

Ҳ֪ҵʲôʱŻٹ
ѾѾ̾Ϣһ
ֿʼһԽת䣬һԼҪҪȥźơ
ռҴֻһ
ѾѾ־Ȼһһһ
࿴ԽתܱѾѾļֶӰԽתĿȫܿ״Ԫˡ
࿴õ顣

ڸĽѾڹţʦͷļ٣ȥǰʱʶĺ򺰵ɽһԷɽˣȻġ
ԭĽһסɽ棬ֻСӾ˵Ҳ̤ͬɽһ
һסĽϾסãҲͬ⣬Ϊ˲书ɽ·ߣҲͷ
ֻεÿ˷͵ɽѾůһЩͷṦ˵Ҳ䡣
ǳĽ⣬ڶС׼ɽڵˡ
ǴˣǵĹҳʳԨ˲̫һϲڴڵس⣬ϲ˵ģĲˣ᳴ˡ
ʯϷŵļ˵С̿ˮָһʣʲô⣿һûм⡣
ǶǳţΪ
Ľϣ⣬ġ
һ˵ţһ߾ȵؿ
ȻǷż٣û䣬ʱȥˣɽϴģɲ书ɡ
Ͷüꤡ
򿴵ĽϴڴڵسԷҲӣһ⣬óԵģǰԹⶼóԡ
˺⣬˻Ľţ⡣
ڸ߿Ǳ߸ԨһԨţģǵţרԵģڸҲմ˴Ĺ⣬ֻҪӾܾԵţ⡣
ţǱҲУֻõĵζϲͬһţ֮󣬷·һ
ǹҵ̫Ҹˣÿ춼ܳԵôóԵĲˣԺÿ춼һԷˡ

ٷˣһسˣһźŹԭӳԵĻʣһЩʱǽ˳ԣû뵽ʯϵķ˸ȫԵøɸɾ
ķ֮Ķӡ
ԼĶһθ̾ǹҵ̫Ҹˡ
ĽѾյѾѾĻţյѾѾ˴ĵģůͣⲻܷ̫ãʹ˴棬ѱܵúܺõĵóֵһ
㳢ɩӸġ
ֻǶӱˣӻûģĽϵݸĵ⣬ԼĶһ»ýȥġ
ԥҧһڡ
ĵ⣬ڵ˲·͸ǻΪһһǻм㻹дδڸС
ðֵ̫óˣѵɩ̫ˡ
ȻѾѾɩӣĽȻڿһ
˵ʵĻѣܶóԵĶǼҿһרĵ꣬Ĳ˿ɺóˣҪлһҪȻ϶źġ
Ǳұһ㣬ûҴÿдŶûдųҲûҵֺÿҪôɩӸôֶӣҲ϶ܹġ
ĽϵĻʣͺÿ춼ܳԵôóԵĶǲǺ֣Ǽҵе֣ÿ쿴ǣҶǺܸҳôණˣ»һ֡
Ľϣ
ƺû
ҪѾѾ˵ģ˵֣ÿôҾö˷ˣñһ
ĽЩѾѾģҾԺ󳤲ˣȵԺлᣬҴȥ֪жఫˡ
ˣÿ춼дŵģʶĻҲԸдţԸ˵˵ǹ飬û뿪ӣ϶ǹҵȤġ
ĽϾѾѾ˵һѡ
СӲ֪ǲĽϵĻڱϰؽš
ĽϺЦ˵УҲԸдţԸĹдš
˵ĽһԹΪѾѾڸĻᵽᵽĴҪࡣ
ѵǸϲϲ󣿡
Ľȥ֮󣬻ͷֹš
һֱھˣ˾ߣҲܵһʱ֪ǵϢھ͸ͷɽ˵
˵ĺǾǱߵ顣
ĽϻȥɽĽŲ˶٣ͣߵߣǵĻ
Ǳ߶ˣεƺأ˵Щͷöġ


337 ϶Ҹ

ĽûǰĻͺǣǴʲôˣ
һ˵˵̫ͶˣڲŷĽϾǱϡ
æص˵ǹڸǱߵˣڵȫˣֵͦģϸٹÿ춼ǽͷö
𣿡
Ľüͷ
һôô࣬ϷˮǱģȥ귢ˮʱΪ˸࣬ˣε˿϶࣬黹Ĳô
Ľ϶ǵĻǳˣҾýϿܻϲ١
룬˵ɽȥ˽һһжٲƲȫȥˣô϶Ҫܶȥȼǵģһ뿪ɽģҵҲûµģȥһҵĲƲд̫ҽһȥ
ܻ֮飬̫ҽҽ߳Ӧûеá
ĽϺܿͰźİţ׼߻ɽʱѵŸأ
ĽҪеʱ黹Щ𺳣㶵ȥһӹүҪĲƲȫһˣ˰
֮ǰڴʱ򣬷˴ˮҲǾӵģֻʱûô񣬾ȥӶûʲôоˡ
ȫˣ
ȻֻǾĽϸ˳еһ֣ͻСŸӲ࣬ҲͲǶʮ⾹Ȼȫˣ
ĽЩͷˣ;裬ЩҲûãһ쵽ɽӵĵطûС
Уһôᣬҿ϶ܿܰġ
Ǹôģڶ̶̼֮ôӣ϶ҲԵģҪǸ֪ˣ϶Ҳģʱ͵ظΪ˼ʮ
Ǹ϶ᱻŵȻԱһ¡
ĽϻûʶԼɽΪʦ书úãѾеͣʼѾѾˡ
ҲֻѾѾʱôһ£ҪѾѾǰǻǰһġ
ĽϲֻŸɽ棬ɽﱻһֻ֣СӶĸצ
̫Сˣ̫صĶģĽϾûдֻ̫࣬ǰѵѾѾ˵һ£ѾѾǰ׼Щҩҩ͵ڸǱȥ
õǻģǹڿܳѾѾ⣬ûߣѾѾǰ׼һǺбҪġ
˵Ҫ֮Ƕţֶ֮֡
ƥ
ѾѾȻǺӣѾѾ˵ģǶδʵʱӦöΪ飬ȻǵδҲܻٵ
ĽûдĻΪ˱֤ܹɵֽ̫ۣŲõúСڸӵϣõȥŷɡ
ˣСǴһʤһϲ㵸

Ϊ˵õ֮ѾѾֶӶܳˣԬҲܵ˺ܶ࣬ԬҲԬʳȥϹˣڴ棬Ҳÿ춼ȥѧãǼҵҪѧ֮ſ뿪
ѾѾڼѧҽѧ书ÿ˾ͿʼԽתĿ
ȵڱãϴȥԺսźƵʱһֻǼԺӵһϡ
ǿѾѾߣҾ߶ѾѾࡣ
ѾѾȥɽϵʱǿӵģ϶˵ζ⻹ܲ
ֻǸӻɣƽʱҪץһֻӲס
ģ϶ܷŹ
ɩǱţţȵץסˣǾӳԡ
ѾѾ۷Źؾֻӵˣſ˫֣ضǰĸӡ
һֱѾѾ̫ˣ뷽跨Ҫ壬֮ǰѳ֮ѾѾ̫󣬶ѣ֪ŪʲôѾѾء
ڿֻҲ˾
ϾѾѾİţߵѾѾ˵λãſ˫ۣ˵ѾѾһЩɩ㸺ץס
á
ѾѾĦȭƵضŸӿ˺üֹܵʱץס
ֻӱѵ˺ܾã˿ʱҲӣΪһӦԴʩѾѾϣѴ֮ͰѸץס
ѾѾһֻӣֺܿǺǵſ롣
ϵͳʱ۽ǵ⿴ϰ˶
ɻذֽժѸӽϣԼֽ
ֽϵӳʱѾѾĽϵĵһӦ࣬ǵĹǵù
ӶѣǹҵǸù
ڶӦ


338  үӺܲ

ֽϵ֣ѾѾĵһӦĽϵһģһǵĹôùǵĻϿ϶Ϻܶġ
ڶӦҲĽϵһģһ
Ǿ
ϴˮֹҾͦˣҪȺܾòܵȵȼõӹεô϶ͻˣҪǴҶæĻ⿿һˣﲻǡ
ϰվͻ췴ǻΪȥطģڱĵطΪƣɱӶ鶼
֮ҪľҪģҪľҪܶӡ
ԽԽãӾбϡ
ϿѾѾصӣɻ㿴ʲôˣ
ѾѾֽϿֻֿӣ˵Ľŵĸӣſɡ
ռҵ˶ʶֵģǵ츳ôãүһѧõļڣ˾ٲ˻ᱻϼ֣ټǰʱѾѾտʼʱ򣬻ŴҸһʶ֡
ֶѲռҵˡ
ϺܿͿֽϵ֣ɫŵòҰףŵѾѾô죬ôˣô෿ӣطӵùöѰ
ѾѾſֻӣҲûߣְѸӱȥڷ档
ҲҪϢˡ
ѾѾѸӷڴϡ
ĽǱ߻ڵûյϢѾѾ˺һСֽдյ֣׼ȵϢʱٰϣȥĽϡ
ѾѾط֮󣬸վѾѾڻȥѧ𣿡
ȥˣҪȥҵ˵¡
ѾѾϷţڽűߣϵվѾѾѾرţȥүӵԺӡ
үھżȥѧÿʱ䶼ڼѧʡ
ѾѾ̧ͷӣԼĴȣѾѾ¡
ѾѾ֮󣬱ʣҵʲô£
Ǽҵľ¥׬˶ӣаζ¥Ǳ߸ҷ˶ӣ
ѾѾյЩ䵱ӣһʱͱԼȥˣռҵӶүͳƣڱܡ
үɻؿѾѾʲô
ûʲô͸˵
ѾѾҡүӵֱۣүܲŸҲûʲô˵ʳ¥Ǳ⼸ⶼҲģ۵ķãһǧӰɣǱӾҪٺܶ࣬ϾƷ۸ǵġ
۳˹ãԭϷã⼸ӯһǧӡ
ǰζ¥Ǳȥ׸ķֳɣ˵ȫкüʮҷֵ꣬ķֳɻҲиӡ
ֻ֮󣬼ҪĿˣѧãɽأ빤˰æµģ˲ٹһӾǧӡ
ھʣһ˰ɡ
ӶѾѾģһ£ͶѾѾӣѾѾ˵ʱүҲ˵ϸ
ΪͦģơĳǱ߶ûŪأʱӵĵطǶ࣬ѧѧҲÑˣɻҪÿ¸ҪһЩʲôģǼһǮĵطҲͦġ
үӶЩǰֻҪӳԷͲˣʲôҪӣÿһͻһѣϾ͸ûȹһ
Ҫʶ˼Ұʲôϲ£ǻ뷨ȥ
ÿǸѾѾ͵ɵǱ߾Ͳ˵ˣû˻ô򵥴ֱֱͺüӵġ
ǳ⹫Ǳ͵ͼ۸񲻷ơ
ҪҼϲ£Ǽҵӿܶġ
үӾԼƺѾѾΪʲôһӱôˣǼʵڻ̫ˡ
ѾѾôӰ˼Σȥرֱ̫ˣĹŮǴ
үһ߻شѾѾ⣬һ͵Դ
ѾѾЩʧǼﻹôİûԼܵӶ࣬ҸɵҵӼʮһһʮеˡ
үϴοЩӶûüжپͱѾѾˣѾѾԼЩ𾪣ôࣿ
˰ʮӣʲô飬ܻﲻʲôء
ѾѾƣ̾̾
үʲôߣؿѾѾʲô
ȵϳԷʱٸ˵
ѾѾѾ̽ռҵĲƲˣүӵҪȥһˡ
үеȵϴһԷʱ
ѾѾ˵ˣ
ѾѾ룬˵극˵
Ȼ´ҿܻԲ·һһ˵ġ
үԽˣһ߳Էһ߿ѾѾͼʲô


339  Ŭ

ռҵҲүӵ쳣ҲȾһЩ
ӿٶȰѷ꣬ͿѾѾ˵
ѾѾԷʱ飬ԵЩ̵ģڿû֡
˺ܾ֮ڷ꣬˲͡
̧ͷҵĿ⣬һ£һ˵ţʵҲûʲôǹڸҲǾǸĸǵˣҪǼҵӶȥѣһʮӣҴȫˡ
ҪʱǼʮӣռҵ˿϶ܸ˵ġ
ѾѾҪȫˣǾһ˲
ȱʾһ¶ͬ飬֮ǶѾѾɡ
ѾѾ᲻̫嶯ˣǣ϶أʧҲܴ󣬿ȫ±Ǯ˶ȥˣǿ϶Ҳӵģʱӿܾǰ׾ˣп䵽һЩ˵Ŀڴ
ҪЩǮ˶ӵĻ͸ûбҪ˰ǼҲԣαؾȫļҲȥء
ǼһҪôأҪǰȫˣǶʲô
϶ķӦġ
ʮӰ붼ôӵģںòˣȻҪȫȥ
ռ϶һͲͬ⡣
ΪڼּҵĴҲüͷѾѾѽаģͬģϲ£һ׶֪ģֻ飬ǲǻҪһ°
˵ӻǾǧӣ϶㣬ҪѼȫӶȥˣԺʲôһַʲôѣʱ˭Ӹǰ
϶Ӧܴסϣޣ¿ˮ˵ⲻᷢѵģȫ¶ٷˣԺһ˳ȫϰնƽƽġ
Цһˮ֣ǾͰѵʱļǧȫˣһε𣬻ҪʮӶˣһѣǵðǼҳեˣ
ռҲܿ뵽һ㣬϶Ļ˵ԺǵĹҶһ˳κεѵġ
ռ˹ͬԸȻϸŹ̩񰲡
ѾѾ̾ǣǶҪˣʥ˵Ҫ֮Ƕǣֶ֣֮ڹҳˣǲġ
ôǾ費٣ǵ£ֻҪԼ
ԣôˣѼӶң˴ȥûš
±ѾѾˣռʹ
϶òŬˡ
ԭΪѾѾô٣һˣһǰȫҵȥôôء
ѾѾҪ֪Ϣֻ˸ѾѾ飬ΪϷı߾ܽʿš
ΪҲ뿪̫ԶҪǵϢȥ֮󣬶ǹҵĴԾ͸ӲϾҪصӪ
ӻؾǵֻȥ
ԷʱһֱüѾѾᵽûע⵽
ҩҩģЩǺҪ飬ҪһʿҲģҲ͵̫ױϡ
϶뻳ģ̧֮ͷüͷӣһӾͿ˵ѾѾ㿴嶼ǺͬѼӶء
ǡ䣬˵Ҳ˼ֻ˭أ
Ȼռҵˣ˫һ͵ڸȥǲҪֱӹȥǽʳҩġ
ڹڸԮ飬ֻҪЩ͸žУڻǱһͨġ
˵ʱǿ˵Ҳ˵ġ
ʳҩĲǱҪģҪһЩ͹ȥڸǱߵİҲһЩࡣ
ռҵֻͨϰӦûע⵽ĿǰΪɿˡ
ѾѾүӸ֮ǰڣãʹżȥʳˣǾȥҴ󵱼һ͹ȥ
ѾѾ˼ҲҪȥȻѾѾ᲻̫ʣǿǵ鷽⣬û˱ѾѾȥͷĬѾѾİš
үüͷ˵ļȥˣȥϹ𣿡
ֲߡ
үӣ
ȫƲͳȥҪȥΨһĹŮҲҪ͹ȥүӾĺۡ
ԺҪǲ̩񰲣ҲŬˡ

ҹҪȥ߹أ߸ѾѾ˵˻ᰲ˹ǡ
Ϊ˲ѾѾǱע⵽Ƶذһֻװʳ

ȻҪֻԼ裬ѾѾȴԼС֡


340  鲻·

ѾѾþӦúٴһ
ȥѧøѧõѧӶ˵顣
˵꣬ѧſһ䣬Ԭ涪һһƱźһӣѧӶǷŵһͭ塣
Ȼ࣬ѾѾͦ˵ģΪҶˡ
ѾѾļҲһ齻үӣүڲȥѧãһȥʳ
ԬʸźƸ˹ү˵һʱѾѾһȥڸǱ߿Ϊ֪鲻·ѧ棬ѧֻǿαϵ֪ʶѣԺҪѧǲġ
оݵĻȻź˵ģԬʾڱϸͷ
үʱҲȥߣһЩʶźڵ뷨һֻ߳ȥˣ˽˽磬ѧаģԺҪ볯Ϊˣȥ߹ʶĹԱֻĹԱܹΪϰҲǲһġ
үԼҲ׼ƾ٣ͷУһԴǹȥ

Ϊڲǳģʳջһʱ䣬ټȥ귢ˮûճɣѾѾȥʳ򵽵Ҳޣľֻкѡ
ճɿ죬ߣȥӵ˼ʮĺ˼װꡣ
ʳүӻȥ˲ٲƥư֮Ķ
ҵĶ϶ѹڷӵ£ҳҲòˣǶЩȥʱ϶õϵġ
ԺҲãȥ·ϣٿܲܶһЩף֮Ķ
ҩҲҪȱã˵ϣȻòϣòϵĻȥˣҲõĻš
үӸСܲͷҪĶ
ȻһʼҪҪѾѾ˵ģֻǸŸС뵽ĶǺޡ
ǱҲ֪飬ֻΪǵزŴһѵ߳ûжãܸڸİޣѾѾүһ£ſҲļ䡣
ѾѾ˵ģڸˣⲻǹڸ飬Ǵҵ飬һѣӦ˷
һʱ֮䶼۵£ڵ֪˽ȫҶ˳ȥ֮󣬴󲿷ֵ˶ΪˣӵĳӣûӵľͰѼʳ˳
үſڿŴӻԾЩпû뵽ڵ֪ûʲôϵĵط֮󣬻ôĵذǣѾѾ취
һǹǿˡ
үһοּװǫ˵ţ⺢Ҳ˶ѡ
̾˿ҵϣҼǺҲôţˡ
ˣүҲһҪء
˵Ǵѧһ̹ٹݵغǰɣǼܷܷҲѧݣ뵽ѧȥǵһѧãǵѧҲŮѧҪǵѧȥΪǵѧ
ѾѾҶûб¶ԼݣغҲû¶ԼݣҲûᵽغɵ顣
үӵͷУСֻҪѧõĴʱΪֱȥѧõС

̫ɽʱүӴѾѾǻشȥˡ
ǱҲͳļ赽ǮЩûⰲȥͣ͵˾͸ѾѾһǰһس
ҲѾѾбҪȥһռ׼ĶռԼȥܸͣõ˷ֿӣѾѾĻԷɢա
ѾѾܷܷʱѾܷܷ˵Ҫѧ飬ѾѾһֱòǺܶԾ֮˼⡣
һһһһǸҲǶ˶ѵϵһЩǼֲȱǮȻ˵ѧúܺãתѧѧöˣռѧõԴ
ڸƶѧöĺӶǲǾͲ̫ƽˣ
ϾȥϵѧöѣƾʲôϵǴѧûˣ
һһѾѾ˼˵˵Ĳѧ⣬ǸȻѾռֻйѧУѧѵģҲҪѧģҲҪطҪǸѧУסﻧˣеĻҪԣ֮
߲ǸѧˣҪҪ֮ķá
㵣ϵѧڷǵѧòҪʱԸսѣõÿԱͨÑߺܶ࣬һ󲿷ˣҪԸ⽻ӾͿѧý衭


341  ѾѾܴ

ѣãҪõѧðһЩȻѧõ֪ȣϸѧҪתѧҾͿպܶܶĽѣѹѧÿͲٻǼҵ
˵һܴһЩӻ
ѾѾѾ˼ŽӦҪնӲźˡ
Ԭʸܷܷ㶼ǴˣǼǮҪҪǵĽѺأ
ѾѾȻѶ÷Źһһ
ж̰Ǯ
Ҫ̰ǮҲ̫ԣԼҪģҲԼҪΪĵطеӵġ
ʵڸûӵʱǱ˶󷽵ġ
ͳһ㣬һһͦԺԼúá
үӿѾѾһüһɵЦεԴ⺢ʲôأ
ѾѾʶػش𣺡ǻ͸սѡ
ѣ
үһ±ƣһһСŮЩ
ԬʸźƶүӲ˼ǽ˶
֪ףҩЩļ۸֪ÿ˶ٽܵĿ
ѧ˺ܶѧ̶Ȳͬİ༶еȫϵɰ࣬ѧĶŵĶѧϰд֣ѧϰڲſʼ̵Ҳһ򵥵ĸλļӼѡ
ԬϾͶ飬ȥѧþ͸ү֮ǰѧֵһࡣ
źȻǸѧûãڿ죬ѧϰȱɰĺӿܶ࣬ͬҲֵԬһ
ǰѾʼѧϰ˷ѧĻѾѾүӵľžų˷
ԬϿεʱ¿εʱҪЩʲôžų˷򵥵һһһûŪ
׼۸ʱѡ˺ܱķָͷһ׼۸ʮǮǶʮģʮģĽʮġ
һǧס
ѾѾүӵֱϿԬ϶Ӳꡣ
źѾѾžų˷죬ҿá
ԼֽһСӣòһ̿һ֧̿ʣڱϼ¼ţһʮģǧ׾ģһǧľһӣľʮӡ
һʮһģһһǾʮһģһһһʮ
͵ļ۸ǡ
ûжԱȾû˺
ѾѾתͷүӣźƸȥѧ֮ǰǲǾͶˣ
ǰĽһѧϰ˷ʱѧ˺ܾòѧء
źƲȥǵѧòѧġ
үӻһ£ҡͷӦòǣ֮ǰȥżҴ忴ʱǵĴ峤ĹǼҲûˣеģźƾѧҲҲ˽Ҽǵǻʲô֪ġ
ԼֶϲҾԬʶļӷᣬ⺢ӿ̿డҽ̹ѧҪ̿࣬ǸúӣԺ϶гϢġ
ѾѾԽת䣬˵űߣǳźƻڼʱ
źƸ磬֪Ҫĵһʲô𣿡
֪֪Ԭʼ˵ţĵһ¾ҪԵģÿĵһ¶ǳԵġ
ѾѾԬʱĵģһۣҾԽԽֵġ
źûϻشѾѾĻȰҩĻſڣ۾ÿҪĵһ¾Ҫ۾
ѾѾǱһţֲضڶ⣺֪ʲôϲܳ𣿡
ԬѾ׵һߣ˵ţϲܳԣ̫ˣǼҳ֮ǰ֪Ū˼ϻ˵ܺãƭ˵ܺóԣҳһڣˣҩһˡ

鲼һһƥһƥǾǶʮӣźڱϼһ̧֣ͷ˵ɵϲܳԣΪɵϲǹϡ
ôִˡ
ѾѾˣÿ϶ԼĿˣһһοʱ򶼻Ŀ
ʵʲôִҶ
ԬʾûشЩĿͦģšüͷ˼Ҿֿ϶ǺѺܸӵģȻҲһһʲôܲӵ֣ǶǶ֡
ѾѾ̾˿Ҫúѧǧˡ
˵꣬ڴؿźƣ˵𲻳
źϸ޲ļ۸̧ͷе˵Ǵ֣Ϊ־ԴҶ
ѾѾ
ˡ
һҪҵһźƴ𲻳Ŀ
źѾжļ۸ˣ˵һǻǧһٶʮʮġ
ҩľͻһǧʮġ
ǻô𣿡
ѾѾץסϣүӡ


342  ҹս

үÿһӶмˣźƱص˵ͷ
ûǻôӡ
ҾͲˡ
Ԭ̱ϣڴѾѾոЩĿҾο϶ԴԵġ
ѾѾơ
źԽתĿˣҲˣڴʶ˶Ҫӡ
ССͣһֱܴΣС
С
ѾѾ˺üԽתĿźƼܴԣͲˡ

߹ȥҪܳʱ䣬˶ڶѾѾǾͳ
ԬʳôǵһȥôԶĵطһûеͬҲ֪ͨԬүԬүһ͵ĻԬС
Ԭү˺ܶƱԬʣĨ˵⺢ǧҪʡǮҪԺһ㣬סһ㣬ʲôȥ򣬱ίԼ֪ҪѾѾûӣȥʲôͰӣ˵Լûˡ
Ҳ֪˭ѾѾ֮ǰȥ˱ʲô˵˳ȥھԬүҲ֪ˡ
Ԭڲϲˣǻϲӵģ˵ӾģȻҪεקϡ
Ʊӹ·һԬүߣҲϲˣҼ
Ԭү̾ԬˣԬƲͷԸ⿴
֡һ
Ϊ˲ԵΣվԶһ㡣
ԬСվߣܵҪȥڸ𣿡
ǰ˵ǳȥѧʵأҲ֪ܵһĵطʲôѧʺģϵѧúöأҲǵģѧôúúõģҪ
һӵѧѧʲôǵġ
ԬСȥԬүıԹֻҪȷԬҪȥڸͳˣֻҪزˣԬҾˡ
ҲڸѾѾ˵
ҿҾͲѾͷѧҽģŶ󰡣ҪܵôԶȥβˡ
˵ˣ֮󻹻ģҪǵ㷢ʲôԾģ͸Ͻ֪𣿱ǻɹܲˣֻҪ¾ͳɡ
ѾѾ۾ؿϣǵأҲ𣿡
ϱҭһ£û˵˲ˣҪͬˣȥôԶĵط𣿡
ѾѾǣϵֱģ׷ģͬ⣬Ҳȥġ
ϣ
źǱżҴĴ峤峤ҲˣڽѾѾСԬӶҪҪչ˺֪𣿡
źƱһ涼ѾѾԬ׼ĳʳԼ·ͷһչ˺ǵġ
Ԭʸ˵仰ܵϣ϶ȥźҲˡ
ϸѾѾ˵껰ѾѾֱ˹ȥ⺢ӣССģôϲأҪñ֪ˣ˵ڼ㲻ã㶼ڼˡ
ѾѾϵĴȣͷЦǺǵ˵ţŲأɩˡ
ˣˣⶼ֪ʲôʱܿˣҲҪһ²С
СϰѾѾ˹ȥ˵ҪΣգҪǰ浲ţϽ֪Ƥʹ򣬲֪۵ġ
ҪѾѾ϶
ȷǵ˵Ļ
ϱϱҲѾѾϱĶӴˣѾѾʱѾѾĶƤϣܵϱеСֶŮһţѾѾȵصɴ۾СֶŮҲҪˣ
ϱҲǰ˸뷨ŵƽѾѾһͳȥ¥Ϲˡ
Ҷȥɣǿ϶ܿͻġ
ɩӶˣֶѾѾͲˣ϶ţŴһ֡
һֱȵѾѾǶ˴֮󣬲ߡ
ϱҲҪ滨·ѾѾ·ѾѾ·ɺÿˣѾѾǣֱ߹ϡ
˵ѾѾ⺢ǸúӣÿˣôȥæѹֻϻΪҾ⺢û׼ǹҵСء
⻰˵⺢ҲǱȽ̰ѣ־Ҫգ˵Ҳ˵Ҹһ취ûˣʲôء

ӴȥڸҪǵģǵ·ѾѾ߹ܶΣڶ·һȤûУһͿʼүӵ˯
ԬſڴϿ羰ѾѾֵôô˯˰
ѾѾת˸شԬʵ⣬Ųû˯ϵͳѶȺܸߵԽתˡ
źƿѾѾ˯Ԭʣüͷ˵ҲҪ˯ˣҡ


343 ʳ

һС飬ʣµĶǴˣ˯
ߵĹٵ·ûгԵĶǿ羰ԬҲͣźƵֱۣźƱ۾죬Ĺĵ˵ţҲ˯
˲ͱ۾ܿ͵ڳϣ׶
źšü۾˯òǺܰȵѾѾһԬϡ
ԬʵӣˤѣһΪԼ˯̫ɴҲϣֱ̯ƽˣҪ˯
źһ˹
һԬʣ˯ˣĹû꣬ɣ￴ء
Ԭ飬ίؿźƣ
Ƕ˯Ϊʲô˯
ҲûѾѾĵҲһ뵽Ƿ˺ܶ๦ûнһƵˡ
ٵͦƽģѾѾҵǲοģЧܲѾѾָֻƽ˯Ͼܿ
ԬϿ鲻оΣүӾûֹ
źƸ϶˵Ҳ˯һɣҹﶼʰӦöû˯õİɡ
Ԭʷصͷûҹ̫˷ˣһֱʰңЩˣҾӦ˯һġ
źƤһۣҪǲ·ϰѹдˣǵһطʱͲ档
Ԭʣ
ϺĶǹΣǱȹθźơ
ΣֻǸġ
ԬⱲӶ֪źƲ˯ԭֻΪ̫˶ѡ
ϳԬ˶˯Ԭر

õĳӾѾѾǼҳǰ棬ڵ֮︮ͣѾѾǵĳ˵˽ʣµʱڸϢٳ
үӣҲڸϢȥЩ
ѾѾ˼ҪǼڵӶˣүѾȫȻǾЩʮǰģһֵڿҲһ¡
ʣµ˵Ǽ׬ģ̫죬Ǽҵ˶Էģ׸һֲҪôŬܳɹĴ
ЩӾȥҪǵˣռСһǸСһ˵н塣
еΣУмܶĶ
ڼҪӣⲿ־Ϳ¥ҲӦȥ
͹ȥˣʳȥô
һ·ǶҪܵȥЩȥ
źƺܿԬ۾ڱѾѾ˯ú𣬻**ӡ˸ӡӡմЩˮ
üﶼЦ⡣
źˣԬ϶飬źƣ˵ҪڸϢڿȥ𣿡
꣡
źƿѾѾһ£϶Ԭʱһơ
ԬƲƲ죺Ǹô˯
źƲ̫˵ؿԬһۡ
Ԭʲ˵Ǹôѡ
ΪԼ˵Ļӵ˵ԬʻԱߵ϶磬ҲѾѾǸǲǣ
ԬԼѾѾ죬ĵذԼıҲȥѾѾ϶硣
϶ֹסԬʵĲӣȭͷͷĦ˼£ݺݵ˵ţСӰȻ˵
Ҳˡ
Ԭʱ϶ŪӶۣġ
Խ˵ԽˣźüͷøˣȻûһͿѾѾ۾ˡ
ǵˣ
үӰѾѾͷϵͷҳӰ˯ʱѹЩͷ˵ˣǽڸסһȥЩʳ
ðڿȥ𣿡
϶ǡ
϶ɿԬʣԬϾ˷ܵظѾѾźһ
ԬʣҶӶˣȥԷɣ֪⸮Ĳ˺óԡ
ȻѾѾ֮ǰͦٵģôĻǴ˵ģ֪кóԵġ
ԬʸҪĿľǳԲͬʳԼظ˵ãϡ
ߵϣһĲ¥¥һҶ˫ֿѾѾ
𺣺ǸѾͷС
ĺҲע⵽ѾѾû̫⣬ֻظҶ˫˵Ǿͻ֮ǰ¡
Ҷ˫ڶԶĺһɷĵη壬˵ͷ˵Ļ
ѾѾǵһҽŵľ¥
ˣ˵Ķúܺóԡ
ǽȥɡ
ѾѾǰ棬һſӣæ˹ȥ£󺰣С磬Ҫ˵
ķݲ˵
үӸҪȥʳûиֻĸˣԬʺñѾѾҪ


344 ䷹

󣬲ƴֵԬʵ˵ƲˣѾѾֺǺǵһԵϲˡ
һ˴СԷһô࣬ѾѾһ˲Ϊ¥Ľ㣬¥˶ڿǣ۷׷ס
ҿ֮кǸֵСģĸˣСȻôˣļҳİܼӣ
ʲôСǸСģ㿴Ǽ˸ǸС˵ʱǲһģСﳤͦÿģҲǮ̫˷ˣŮ޿ɲȢؼȥϱˣȻĻҶҪܹˡ
ѾѾǵˣѾѾԬʶڷŲ˵
Ų˿źҲܺóһ֪ĲôģҶûԹĲˡ
ѾѾָŲ˵ϵһŲˣԬͷͷš
ԬʸȤһϺʣϺʲô֪ǽǱߺܳһֲҶҶҲҾ˿϶ǿġ
㿴ռᣬǸղŵûҶܾûгԼˡ
Ԭ̫õļȥһ£ҡҡͷˡ
źƿʲôԵСһε˵ˣǸ˵Ĳ˶Ʋˣˡ
ڵЩǶԲˣǾͲҪٵˡ
ѾѾԬһͷ֪ˣֻǿٵģ´ιԷҪʲôˡ
źƺ϶
¥Ʋʮȫ
ѾѾԬվϵĲˣȻÿһ²ˣ˶ǵһʱȥУԬʱѾѾ꣬ѧÿӵʱѾѾ꣬õñѾѾãÿһζҪѾѾ糢Ĳˡ
ռյһֻᣬһݾֻĸԬѾȼһڳԡ
ѾѾõòôס˼мĲ֣һӾͻߣȥг⣬ӲСûʲô⣬ӲüУᶼ߲
ԬʳԼԵ͵ӣѾѾˣʹſӼ˼Σÿζ̫ʲôû
ҪҪҰ㣿
źԱ߿˺ܾã̲סڡ
ãԼԵľУһĸᣬҪǲԣԬʾͻǸԵˡ
ܾźƣѾѾһȥУΣˣֱӲڼѼ˵ȵγ극֮ȥúõϰʹÿӡ
Ѿ׼Ҫ嵽ĸλŻȽ׼
գգ۾ֵʱһ˫ӿ׼ȵؼסǸᣬҷŵѾѾ
ѾѾһİСѾͷԷʱҲúóԣÿӴȥ˻ôԣҲǵģһҲ֪úý
ŻѾѾһӰ
תͷȥһŴֲ£ʮҵһߣﻹһҧһڵļᡣ
ɫǸոնĺռһ
ѾѾʶתȥ룬װռѾˣ˵룬϶źƵ붼ǸɾģûʼԶ
ԬʵһûҧļᣬıһѼĲк
оᣬʣµľǸˡ
ԬʹųԶûע⵽϶һˡ
϶źƵע⵽ˣźƻˣ˼ңǵӣôˡ
ѾѾͷûЩǵĲˣ㲻ӦóǵļˣѼˣǾͲˣԬʣļóոճһˣ⼦һĸҪһһġ
ԬʣһģԶپͳԶ١
˵ţҧ˴ڼᡣ
ѾѾ룬еǾͲˣᶼѾͲÿֱȥץᡣ
϶Ǳ߻˻ѾѾ˵̽ף·ϱ˰ûˣɶӺܶһôóԵģ֪ǿ϶Բ꣬һ˰ǿ϶İɣ
Ǻóأֲ¥ĶôӿҲͷҶûԷˣܳԱˡ
ѾѾĻ̧ͷˣ壬һ㣬ô죬һӳ̫ĻҭģҭĹ֮ҲܿǶܳԶˡ
ˣ
ô˵ġ
϶źƣ
ڵص㲻ɣһİ˾ôһԷĺ
ܿ죬Ǿͷ֣İ˲һԷһסջӣǻ˸

ǣյ͹ţӥõģܸһĶдѾѾļƻ
ѾѾȫҪ赽Щο־ůůģΪһϣܾûС


345 ౻ѹ

λô꣬Ѿܾûйĸоˣܵ⡣
߳ĶǶթ֮䣬ĸ֮䣬ҲǸơ
žôϲѾѾԭ
糯ʱ򣬻ϰó˵ˣֻڶѾѾıû˵ѾѾ֣˵޵֪еĵطԱΪεĵ¼ԼȫƲ
ֻܹﵽ߳ѡ
λ⻰֪ʲô뷨
ϵĻһŴʯͷͶ뵽ƽĺ浱Уԭ糯˲
ȻйԱԼȫҲ
ôܣ˭ô˽
һӾôǮƣòΪڻ̵ӡɣĳɹˡ
Ͽ۵òˣ˵ɣ˵˵ʲô뷨
ల˵ػϵĻڸİ𣬰ʧȥԼ԰ʧȥˣѵʱʱҪľĹػ
ΪλΪշǵģʱӦþԼܸҪĶ
ԸͷһԼʳڸ񡣡
üͷ˵һİ˵һЩͺܺˣĴأʲô뷨
లŻϵĻòУֲұֳ
һʳˣȻ˵٣ѵҪǸΪڻǰӡֶεɵһҵ
಻˵ˣҪĹԱ˭ܾñ࣬˭Ҿñࡣ
Ҳžһʱ򣬴󲿷ֵĹԱһģ඼ûҵζҲҵ
ϵĻЩԱֲˡ
һϻֱе٣ҪǾñ໹٣ǲǾͻ̫СԸΪϰնˣ
˭ҲԸȿڱ̬
һȺɨһȦ߶ڻϡ
鶼ƽʱ΢Ҫߵýһ㣬ǵļҲһģƽʱż߶
ӦģǸͻ˺ܶࡣ
ںܶ͢ľ߷棬ǶǸģһЩ飬̫ͬ
ڿ֪Լ㲻ˣ˵ػϣвҵ˵е٣Ҳģε飬ֻóʳ֧Ԯǡ
⳼Ĵ˸￪ҩģǱҪԸҩġ
ݺݵؿŻ飬ǹġ
صͷܺãˣֻ֪ǼׯӴϷģϷǱ߽ճɶǺܺãһóôʳɲҪӰ˵±С
ؿһ࣬˵лϹģֿʳӦùԵ֮ǰˣʵڲУôҳԼȥҲġ
Ӧã
ӦøƤ
Ǽҵʳ֮˵ԵˣԵնⰡ
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ʳǸһģһģ϶Ȼȥۻ飡
Ż鲻˵˵ȥׯܹճмʮʳɣΪڸϰվʳ᲻е̫Сˣ
е˵ȥˮֵʱ΢ϵϷϰգѾʮʳڰǣ߳ׯ˶࣬ʣʳв֪Ƿ±ˡ
һС΢ʵ΢ģΪ΢
㡭
û뵽֮ǰˮֵʱ򻧲;ʳȻڻǰ˵¾ͲǼٵġ
ϵؿڣˣ࣬ҲҪ˵ˣ飬Ҳ˵˵뷨
ֱֵһ󳼵֡
ǸߵñȽϽˣЩõԤУԼֻᱻȥġ
Ȼ鿪ڣ
΢ǺųҶ֪ģܹΪڸҲޣֻȾǧʳҪǺҪģȥ˼ҽһ㡣
ࣺ
ҪҪˣһںȻöࡣ
ߵýĹԱһЩĹԱ½ˣоһģоģʳҩĵģǱĶࡣ
˸ߵýļԱˣЩԱ֮ҪǾˣڻǿӡͻ᲻á
ؿһ࣬Ǳ˸ߵڣһ֮֮ϵ೹ױѹ


346  ѾѾǸ

ԥһ£ڴҶ˵ԼԸĿ֮󣬿ڵϣһ£ϰΣʱΪһة࣬Ӧ㾡ȥǲŶԡ
ȥȥӣŻٶӳٽʳ£ҲʡʳģЩԸһڸϰա
ţǾô˵ɣλһȥ֮ͰԼŵʳ͹С
϶˵ĻֻһšĴ𸴡
ûһֶۡ
ࣺ
о˻϶Ķ⣬о͢¶Ķ⡣
鷿ڣʤЦ棬˵ϲ뵽Բ߽⡣
Ǿ飬ʤҲ֪ˡ
Դӵ֮󣬻ѾܾûôˣʤҲһ
Ц޵ĸǣ벻ôǾյ顣
ⱾͲǺܳӯټϴˮֵ飬ӸʳѾȥ˲٣ٽƾȥȼùڸϰգǾͻѹϵ׶Ϳˣһ˵ز
񲻽ˣʣӸʳܳ⣬ⶼ÷ӯˡ

صСҪȥӭ㲻ȥ糯ôӣѵ֮Ϸʲô飿
࿴ԼСӣ˵ʱȥˣҸڻǿ꣬ȥ¡
Сνʼ磬ȥͲȥҲûʲôˣö˶˵ôڻǿˣѵϻˣ
ӣҵϣҽˣôỹǷӡ
һ뵽ڳϷ飬ķȶˡ
Сϵһƻһڣϣؿ࣬ôܻһ󳼵ӣڿЦˡ
Ƕ̬˵ܻӽȻͬ
Ͱѳϵ˵
СĵءŶһ˵ȷʵе㶪ôҲǸة࣬žһӣҲ̫˰ɣֲȱЩӡ
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Сһۣ·ͳһƱʮ㣬ʣȥȾɡ
දֻһӰСϵƱ·棬Ĵûɣɲܸ˵Ȼֻʣµߵġ
Сɢ̧󣬱ˡ
һط˯ˣû±ҡ
Сһ߿ƻһ߳źԺȥ
ɱһˣ֪ˣ֪ˣҲ˽Ǯˡ
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һ㶼ֻǲ˵ѣ˭֪иɵйĶӰӸ˽Ǯˣ㶼óһˣֲڶˡ
ұöȥҴˣ㿴˭ةᵱøһŵġ
ҿͿ㲻˳ˡ
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ฮ˿һĻװƣĬĬ뿪
ǶޱȵҼӵǷ˸ӣǻõÿܲõ
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ⴿֻǾöȢһӾͶ໨һӶѡ
ӵҲ֮ͲԸˣºӶˣʹˡ
ฮһŵġ

ԪǣѾѾ׼Ǹھ¥ͷȻߡ
϶ɱѾѾү
ѾѾ˯úã쾫ʮ㣬Ҳ˯ˣͷ˵壬ﰡȥòãģһ书ģһ·Ҷᱣġ
ͷѾѾ˵ٴˣүүҵ͹үүˣʲô塣
ҵͣҪҺүүˣǲǾܵҵĵˣ
үһ£ѾѾԴͷţֲˣͺС
ͷ죺ҲŲûаĵĶһ֡
⻰ûоɫеʶ?
һ£ܻǾ˻ῪĻӣҪȥԸףһ


347 ĺ

ûаĵĶ磺
Ҳһʶͷһ
ͷԸ⣬ѾѾǺˣͷԼļһ֪
ҿܱ˶֮ˤһ£Դˤ˰ɣʲôǵˣҪǲңôϣ޸֮׾ͻǱ˴ģҪԺ֪ΪԼңͺ֮ǿ϶ڵġ
ԼŰɣҸֱһָ䣬ҸطͶҡ
ͷһҺܺ˵ӡ
϶
Դ
ѾѾ˫һ˵壬ҿʧ֢ҰΣһĵġ
ѾѾһĻǸɽβʱԺû˸ˣġ
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ǰǰ壬㿴һ룬Ҹɣҿ϶ܰκõġ
ѾѾС붼˳
ͷŲƨɣѾѾԶһЩѧ˶õҽ
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ԼѧģиĴѧġ
أǸѧģԼѧģ
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ѾѾͷߣԽ˵ԽίҶǱ֤ûˣǻǲң˵ǲǺܻ
ͷɴ۾ѧ˼µģļ˶㳢ԣҪ룿²Ǿһ̫˰ɣ
ѾѾӺóЯģԼᴿľƾ޹˵ţǰ˵ԼˤԴ֮ǰҸɵˤԴˣҸĺõģҲߵģ㻹°ɡ
ѾѾ룬͸Ĵս˸
ͷУ͸ɱһź⡣
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ѾѾһֻץסͷ֣һֻͷӣҪͷ
˵еģҪвΣϾԺβˣرӵ⣬Ҫ⻹ΣԺ׳Ϊֲ˵ģʱԴ붼Ȳˡ
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ͷ۾ͷ۵˵ţûµûµģԼԼ֪ⲻƣܺˡ
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ĸƽʱҩһ⾭鲻㣬һطŪˣⲻǺ
֮ǰɽǹƾòκˣǿɲ㳢ԡ
ͷһ͵ͷûĸҪϽѧҽʱ̫ˣǲҪ׳Եĺá
Сҿװġ
϶мؿͷ
ͷҲѾѾүӵĻˣҲһѾѾ롣
ģѾѾȻ˷ܵ˵Ҹ
һһ˵ļԳʦˣѰĲ֢ܰѳģ֮ǰɵʧʱÿ춼ǵáǵʧ˵ûʲô
ζžʧҲǰѲʲô
ͷҲ֪һ㣬ηָѾѾ
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ôʲô𣿡
ûУ壬ȷԼͻõ𣿡
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ŶҾͲˣ㻹Ǹ߰ɣģٸ˵ȥ
˾ѾѾߣƵľ϶Ԭʡ
϶ǾͷƭӣԼҲϲͷ
Ԭǡ
ͷôһܳԣһҵģողһˣ´ٸԣҾѾѾǰ㶪
ԬˣͷĶԡ
ͷسţѾѾĻߣ֪ʲô
ѾѾӦţȻ֪֮ǰŰһӵκǵߣüͷƻȥͷ壬иҵĿˮˣҲԣ´ΰӵݹңҿԼеġ
Ծ㣬Լԣͷ£ҿ϶Ҫȥ


348 ͷľϲ

ѾѾÿһĳ򶼻ͣЩʳͣǻøϽȥڸǱߡ
ԬЩʧǸոȥʳǸҾֵͦİҿкܶóԵĶأʲô̫֮ģ³ȥɣѾѾҴȥľ¥Էòã
ѾѾԬһۣãβǹģҪȥأҪԶʱٳԡ
ұ㻹СҶ֪ʲôӦʲô鲻Ӧ㶼ֲ֪ﶼԼˣҲġ
ѾѾСһ˫ֻصؽԬʡ
Ԭʲ֮ǰԪʱ㲻˵ģ㻹Էˡ
ΪΪŵĴ˵ǰĵط꣬·ҪڸסһҲŸͣġ
ѾѾԪĸͣԭ
ԬתתҲ˵ǰ·꣬Ÿ˵Զٷһٸ·ġ
ƭˣõĴǶ˵ûˡ
ѾѾԬ˵ˣǵ˹ٵٵ·˳ڳŸƽûʲôͰҽó
֮ǰźһЩԽתģźƶܴ֮ͶԽתûʲôȤˡ
˼ƻҪҽŰźơ
ѾѾóǶִ˵ǰˣ˵δܽߵĸ֢״Ʒ
ϴڰ߼һһҲֻһһĹֵһΣһһ˵ˣԳԼȥЩƣͻҪٹһ¡
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ͷߵоҪ֪࣬ΨһаյˣȥƣҲֻܱ֤κøȾ߳ڵ˶ѣһˣֻʣɵļܰκá
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ʵ̫ˣСѾѾЩ˭ģ
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϶źͬʱ߹һͷ֣һѾѾûô
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϶ͷ֣ذͷ˦һߣĳ͵ػζһ¡
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һһ˺ܶ£˺ܶĻ֣һ˺ܶҽ顣
Ϊһҽ̫ˣǵЩҽԺᱻ˿Ϊ˲𲻱Ҫ鷳ҽͼ嶼˺ڰɫˣû֮ǰͷ׵ĺÿ
ΪѾѾǺϲЩҽˡ
ذҽóݹȥͷ
һһһĶʺʱҽҽ飬һЩõϵĽʵҽ飬ҩҽ鶼С
ҩҪרŵĹߣ鷳ӣѾѾڻǺܸȤ˵Щҩ͸ûȤˣһֱѹףûп
ǱĵñȽ϶ࡣ
ڱ뻹ͦģǰѱøһ
һӸͷı飬ÿͦӣͷòˣͲˣſоߴȫ
ֻ߲һ֣ҲǷֲֺܶͬߣϾķǵ䡢ߡ컨Щߣÿһߵ֢״һƵķҲںܴĲ
ѾѾѾ֪ôȥÿһߣ֪ϣڲϣ֢״ʲôҪľ˽ÿһߵƷסôҩȥ˼ΪʲôҪҩ
ѾѾʹһһֱ˱˵оɹҲԼȵ𣿵ʱֵ᲻ͼЩˣ
ᣬȻĶǱ˵оɹƵʱ򻹵ÿԼжϣҵʱ㻹ÿһҩҩǲǸȫʳã費ҪġܲܰκãǿԼ
Ҿͷˡ
ѾѾַǳؿˣе˾ͲǺܵ
ͷ۾һգգؿѾѾϵ飬ģЩʲô鼮
СѾѾЩ㶼𣿡
ͷһĵ飬ᵽݴ󵨶ЧûģѾѾ


349 

ѾѾ̧һۣ˵ǱˣҲϸ룬ҶˣûôǶôÿ
˵꣬ͷоߵҩ
ͷõ֮еĴ𰸣ˡ
ϣүӿѾѾͷڿҽ飬뵽ԼҪμӿƾٵģҲó
źҲǴģڻѧϰͰó
϶ͷٶѾѾôˣɴͱ۾˯
ֶʶŲһ顣
ԬֿʼˣЩĳſڳϳţԶЩźƿѾѾֿԬʣһȥԬʣ˵飬ٳԶˡ
Ԭҧ촽еί
źܾûйοԽ̵ˣҲźƵĻһźˣԺ󲻰ѹνҪÿ춼
ѾѾһҩЩɻ
ǹƱҩ
ն㸽ͯ㡢סˮƣһȥģľһɻ𣩣ױⶹɫۻǮĩɶٰϴ
ҩΪϸĩýһﵷ֭ҩڣΪ裬ɰɾΪ£ÿǮ
˵רһʱ֢˺ʱߣű֢
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ָͯͯӵͯӵ򻹿ҩģô࣬ôȰ
еѾѾǸħҩ
Ԭʿ鱾ͲͶ룬ѾѾĻΧɣȻҩȣдҩĴ϶ƭ˵ģҩҾǲҲȵġ
ѾѾͷҲԸȡ
ǿһ𿴿滹ûʲôֵҩҪҩôģԺ󶼲ˣ̫ˡ
Ԭʳ׵ضԼѾѾһҽ顣
ѾѾҲʱǿĿģԬһѰЩֵҩ
ͷȻڿ飬ԸҽйصĶУѾѾҩģ̧ͷ
ζؿѾѾȻڣСѾѾʦ𣿡
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ҲǺϲ١
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Ҳҽ𣿡
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ͷǸҪչСñĴһЦеؿѾѾ
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һһ˵һѧܶѧΪӦѧƽʱˤ֮ѧһġ
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͵ҵʦɡ
ѾѾˬӦ
ڱǵ˵Ҫ϶ܾˡ

ڸɽ£˿ߵĹܼʵûҽϢ𣿡
ûУūѾȥҽˣҽȵҲѰҽ
üͷȻѾҵĽڲķһֱĽϴɽҲǰ취
Ľϲ˵Ҳ֪ϣԼһͨСȥȥԹڵġ
Ըܼңٶɵֳȥҡ
ǡ
ܼҳһ£˵ҲѰҽһ˷ϢԷˣ
Ļܼһû˵꣬˰˰֣˵ˣʱؾǣҲκˡ
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ǡ
ܼתˡ
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ҲΪ϶̫ˣЩ˵ļʣ϶Ϊģ
ֻϣֻǸˣûб϶ǸŮˡ

ѾѾԬ˺ܾã֮ͯ⣬Ѫᣬ˶첻ѡ
ʱȻͣȻЩ˦˳棬Ԭʹ֣ѾѾǰ档
϶ǷӦС棬ӡ


350 أ

϶ǰѾѾԬʸź
϶Ҫ淢ʲô飬ȴŵæ´
үɻ϶淢ʲôˣ
϶ɫ԰ף֮ǰѾɽ˰һˣڻ򶨣˵ǿٵˣˡ
ʲô
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ѾѾüͷǶô𣿿ΪʲôֱӰץȥСȥˣǿֽŶ˻ӻһҲ׷
Ԭʡšһ˵ϾͿؤӱߣ׷ˣҪǰСץȥֽٷȥؤ϶ҲֲǮġ
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ѾѾصͷŶ֪ˣҿ϶ᱣԼܵģһǣԺҪץСˣܰǵֽŴˣȻĻȥؤҲᱻ۸ġ
ԬʣûһҪúǣȻ׬Ǯġ
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ǺõģƥǻǰŵģԿƽʱ϶ѵأڳôңƥҲûлŵĴܡ
϶ƽʱһߺһݣ
ѾѾ϶棬˵Ŀӵ𣿡
϶͵ػͷ˵ôܳ˰Ǹ˵Σգŵ𣿡
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ԬҲÿϧҲʦһ˺ܾõ书أû˸ҴܣҲȥҾڿ϶֮ǰץȥɽկʱҪˣҲǡ
Ԭ֮ǰԼץȥɽկ飬Ҳ
ѾѾڽ¥Լ书죬һ˵һźһۡ
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Сڹʿ֣ΪԸȽ򣬸үĵñȽϺá
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Ϊ˲ģүӸѾѾ˵϶ûµģԭǴȵȫ˾ͻȥġ
ûȵȫ˾ͻȥ

Сǻ˶ץס˵ģ϶ص棬Լǻȥ
˵Ҫץ˵ģ֪Ҫץ˭𣿡


351 ԭҪץİ

˵Ҫץ˵ģ֪Ҫץ˭𣿡
үСƣ˵ʱ⿴ѾѾ
ѾѾǳпܻᱻץˣҲΪƽʱڴ棬Ǽҵ˶ȥѾѾǹ顣
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СǶǾˣ˾ץһЩϸ֮ģǾһԼϸķӡ
ϸץļˣһѶȶûˡ
˵ˣҪץԬӵģӦԼ֪˭ץԬӵģû
ǾȻץԬʵģ
ѾѾſүӵļϣ𾪵ؿԬʡ
ǲǵʲôˣ
ûаҶܾûȥˣĻ춼ȥѧˡ
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ˣʿԼүǣ
ΪʲôǽԺ󶼲Ҫץˣ
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СƲ֪ѾѾΪʲôʣʵش𣺡ţ˰Ѻϵȥģô̾Ϳǵˡ
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Сƣ⡣
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ҪȥĻҪǽȥ֪ͨةС
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үĵһѾѾβߣֽȥˣһСȾߣǿɾˡ
ͷһ·ϸѾѾһ˺ܶߵ飬ѧ˺ܶҩҽͺãټϾḻһ۾ͿЩҩʲôãΪʲôơ
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˵һʼֻκЩոȾߵˣֻҪǻûжģоųɰܹκãʣµһɣЩúصˣԼֲȥˡ
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ѾѾ͵ҡͷҪȥһǶˣȾ˿϶ܶ࣬һͶһϣ
ͷЭˣаɣ͸ΪʦߣΪʦ֡
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ү·Ѿ֪ͷҽұǴĴҪãһ£ûֹѾѾ


352 ԰

ڸߵʹˣߣ˿صʿ⣬ûˡ
ʣµЩҪסڹڸڣǴǵġ
ѾѾһڳ滹ͦټ
ô
˹ѾѾ˵Ҳڸ棬Ҫǵ𣿡
ʵүӣǿЩ˵үӵ󣬾;ľүӡ
үӱѾѾѾѾ̽ͷ˵ǰأǵôˣǼҵķҲ𣿡
ѾѾʻ㶣Щį˵ɲСŮǰЩͼ޵⸮ˣĸǰ˺ӣҲ֪ôˣȥҲýˣֻ쵽ţ֪ܲܵЩϢ
ӣĹŮʲô֣סڸʲôطأ
ѽͽ࣬סڸǳñӺͬ޵ճµģȥ˺ͬǱߣ˳˷ģӦö֪ġ
ʻҲ˵˵ԼŮأһ̵ؾʲô˵ˡ
滹ߣϣǵùĹŮҪȾߵĲźãȻеĺӿôǺð
һ۾޵ͨ˵Ļ˵ŮҲסñӺͬǱ߰СӼҲǱ߿ӣڶ֪ôˣſڵʿҲǽȥҲ˳ϢʲôģǼˡ
Ҷ˰ˣûһϢǻ֪զ찡
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Ҳ˰ˣڼҿ޵۾Ϲˣ˵ⶼʲôù°˵͵˵߾ߣʲôϢûУҲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򡣡
ˣôһôᷢء
ѾѾ˵ú档
˵˵;ˣæ˻廰˵ǿ԰ԼҪҵ˵ֶַ𣿴ҽȥ˿԰ңǿԷģҪǲˣǿ϶κõġ
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á
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ھ㲻ǳڶѾѾԼĿǣҲѾѾ԰ҽκá
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ԬѾԼǹ͵ģ˵֪ˣһģһǵϢˣҾͻ˸ǴϢģҲģҪˣֻҪǿ϶ܾȻػǡ
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ŶԷмӣһԬʾˣԺһҪ¡
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Ѿյ͢Ǳߵţ֪˹ææܳ
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ˣԼȻǰ氲ЩˣЩˣʲôϢûУǵö尾
壬ôˣ
ѾѾ̧űʶ׼Ǽˣȴ˵Щơ


353 ֮

ߵʿ˵࣬˵Ҫȥġ
үǶɴ۾ǸղŶʿ˵Ҫȥ֪ͨģǰ˾ࣿ
үӻãֻڵһοְôߵĹ١
ѾѾ϶ȴһ
֮ǰھǼ࣬ҳԹû뵽ȻǸةࣿ
ѾѾȵؿڣ壬ԭǱة˰һˣȥȥҴҵ˺Ƕܵء
ãǾȽȥɡ
ߵھѾ鿪ˣ֮ǰĵһ߲ʱʵ뵽Ҫѳ

ѾѾȴ֮˵ڴŸȥ
ǱѾѾĻҪңǶϱڲԫ·ϻкܶõϰڰ
ڱϽͣʿֻܿסǳȥȴûסǲڸ߶ڿЩ֮ǰסһģǵķӻˣмﱻѹģԽʵÿ춼ǻ
ѾѾšüЩڷӵ±ѹأʬ嶼ҵůˣʬͻḯõúܿˡ
ʿѾˣҵ߰˰ˣֻЩ̫ˣڻûҵ
ҵЩʬأôôˣʬ岻ãͻᴫ֢ˣȻѾˣҪǻЩʬ岻ܣ߾ͺѳʱҪǴȥˣڸǡ
ΧĳҲݵġ
ѾѾѧ˼µҽкܶʱоߣҪߵòƵĻжء
ѾѾ뵽⣬Ҳ뵽ˣ˵ҵʬ嶼ŻˣֻЩҲģ»ҪЩʱȥҳҵʱҪܶ鼱֮ںˣʬѾ̳ˣֻˮԴѾȾˡ
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ѾѾ뵽еĺǺܳܳܶطһʱ֮ҲЩͷۣǾ鷳ˡ
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ѾѾɻؿЩʿ˵ҪȥãΪ˷̫ҽչЩȾߵĲˣǶ̧ǱȥˣΪǱߵĵط󣬿ͬʱɺܶˡ
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ϸҲһ㣬ֱӰ˼ʿЩȴ֪Ĺۡȥھס֪Ĺۡ棬븮þ벻ԶҲһӣǱ˵ûôױȾ
뵽͢ʳӣѵúظѾѾ˵ǶˣҪҪӸʳ͢ЩҲŸʳˡ
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յڸʱ˺ܾá
ΪѸոձܶණˣֽ˺ü꣬ʲôȱġ
ʱΪϰտԳԱʿҳ̫Ҫʳʡ
һֱ͢Աӵˣܹ⡣
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ѾѾû뵽Լӻá
ͬû뵽ĻүӣԼСŮ龹ȻӰô
Ժö֧СŮˡ

˵֮䣬ǵ˸ãǵʱ˿ָ԰˰ʵʵ·ѾѾһ˴ϡ
үӸ϶Ҳǰܲ͸ġ
ֻڸſڣѾѾ˰棬źƸԬҲˡ
ֲβһԼŪˣҪ˷ҵʱȥǡ
ǡ
үӲѾѾͷȥ˰Ҳûҵɷֻܴܵš
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һԬʣ˵ͷСЩʲô
ԬʿүǣüͷҾòܸ˵ǿ϶ǵߵģ˶УͲСӡ


354  һ

ԬڼʱԼҪȥʲô׶ҵɲȥʱҪȥү˵Ҫȥʲô϶Ҳȥġ
źûԬʣ߹ȥү˵ǵĴ㡣
ҲʲôҲãɣ϶һȥ˶һЩҲ㣬ǿȥʿһ£ҳʬ嶼Щʲô˵ġ
Ҳܸǵļ˵һҾͲһȥˡ
үӲǺܷѾѾڸ棬˴ˣҪһȥ

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ź̾˿᲻ͬ⣬ǶӦø˵һģȻȵǻعͷǲˣӵĵġ
ɸ˵ˣһȥǲʲôˡ
ԬʲǺͬźƵĹ۵㡣
źҲν
ѸոǼϢıӷԬ˵ͽҲҪܿˣвҪ·ҲҪĵľʲôӴȻûбֳߵ֢״
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ҲҪȥ̼ǣǸ˵ʧȥˣΪ߱طѾˡ
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϶ԬʵԴûһҪǣҪˡ

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ϢĴٶͨǱ˸·ٶҪ࣬ѾѾҲǵڸ֪ıߣռҴ缸ǰ֪Ǳˡ
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ϱѶ۳ɼΣŵ˵ӣҲôĵģѾѾǺ֮ǰѰ߸κˣο϶ҲûģҲǿ϶ܿͻˡ
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հѶǶĽ˿ӵ׼ժǵʱ򣬺ܾöûĴϱһȺŽµĺڵ߹
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355  ˵ʲô

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˸û뵽Ҫʲôģȵϱ뵽һϱʱϸСѾϱܵſ
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ϱڱ϶ݺݵ˵ţֻҪûǣûǣǳҲ£Ҳû취ģֻǹҵŮֻظѡ

عĺѾѾſڣȥϣеȥǡ
峤үӣϴɶɻд˹
ѧǱҲϢ
ֿ϶ҪغѾѾôһʽͽܣڵ֪ѾѾҳ飬ȻҲҪ
ܷܷѾתѧ棬˵ѾѾҳ£ҲϣӿҺܳ
СǿԼҲѾѾıˣԬñȽϺãѾԬʵԼϴˣԬʸѾѾãﶼѾѾδɩӣȻֻǵôá
Ǿ֣ųܷܷҲ˳
һӣѾѾԺＸۼ˴ˣѧӿӲĺǡ
ϱ˿һӳôˣҲôˡ
峤Ϊ﹫ϵķԱŭصŴϱϱΪʲôҪ˹ѾѾҵң
ϱһ㶼ţ쳣ֱ׳˵ǣǰҵһŪģˣǼ϶ǼһϣȻ˱ˡ
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Ƕ϶˵ϱݺݵؿǡ
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Ҫ϶ҳʣ˵¾ģǼ϶һֱϲĲ˵͵͵ĲˣûӻǼһúÿͰץˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰԼöˣ˼ҵĹŮˡ
˵϶Ĳ飬Ҷ˵ˡ
֮ǰ϶ȥ϶ĲǷӵ£Ȼռ˶黹ǰ¶ˡ
Ҳ֪϶ΪĲӣѾѾ
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Сҡҡͷ
Ͼ֪ôˣԴ峤˵峤ǴӦö֪϶Ǽүȥֵˣϱ粻ƫƫҪ϶ڵʱҲòɣԤıмƻҪƭȡǼҵӡ
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ԣҪӣаѾѾҰѾѾȥˣٻ̸⳥ӵ顣
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ܷܷߵȥˣŮ飬Ҳ֪ġ
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ҪһѾѾǼҵ˶ѡ
һˣͦͦ˵Ⱦ͵ȣҿ˭
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ŵ͵վ˵ǹңǰʱϷǸļң
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ϱ֪ˣڸϲ˵ΪеӾֻ֤֤ˣǾͱ롭


357 

ϱһֱϾõǮεУûע⵽˸˵Щʲô
Ȼ֪Ȼôͳ
ϲĵûȵʱֱӾͱŵ۴ߡ
峤ǴӲһˣǳүӸ϶ǲڼң˹£˭֪´λЩʲôأ峤Ǹϳ档
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ڴϱ۴֮󣬴峤Ҳֱôһ뿪ӣҲǵһµģ֮ǰ͸˵ΣȻܲǾ͸һӰɡ

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⾹Ȼ˰㣬Щ˻𣿡
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ϰڰȫӵ
ܵڵĴϱҰϱӻˣǱŻģϱɫǺܺá
ɩӣˣˣӵˮˡ
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ԺæɨĴŵֱɨҪΧˮϱȹæ˿ÿ·ıϱȥ
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ǣ氡ҸոնǺ˵ģǾ͵ʲôûɡ
ϱޡһ£Ҳ˵ˣ׳ϱˮͷˮ
棬Щ֪ܰʲôæĴʰԺӣֱ˸ط£ǵصŴϱȻϢ
ζִϱãҪ˹£ϱͲŵҲˣҪϱĺʲô£Ӧôϱ
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ҪȥѾѾɣ϶˵ˣ֮ǰɽկϵôΣȫѾѾſܰѺƽģҿҲѾѾɡ

ĶǲҪȥѾѾʱ򣬴ɴˡ
æȥ
ԺµĲҩͷմһЩҶӣҲûüҴææܹˡ

ȥֳ֮ܿһصظ˵ϱܵţҪǰˣֻڵЩǰ̫ˣǺֹۣҿ֮ǰйײ̥λǺ


358  ҩ

ͬõĴȺ
Ⱥȥϱ˵һ
ķΣҪѺˣֻ⺢֮Ҳȷ
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˼ǻһ7·ܻ8µ׻
ͬõĴĺӣǾƽˣҲȥ
һֱӳһҪȾϱӣǡ

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ͬôû˵ڵǣѪʿԿܻЩߣֻҪԸӣ㲻Ǻܶ࣬˵ҲԸ⻻ˡ
ҪԨ¹֮һֱͣǲùȥ¹ʵȥŻѪԷһ
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ɿķֿһһϳԺ档
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ǲ˻Ѫþûˣ
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ʳ¥˵˼飬Ҵææܻ˵ʲôѪһ£תܻԼԺӣ¹һС淭һᣬҵһң򿪣Ķ
һźɫģЩƤĹӹ
⻰ѾѾȻͨ߶һȺݲͨأڴѾѾľ鰡һ¹


359¡

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ѾɵĻѪܵĵԺ棬ǶԺ棬һ߹ȥϱķš
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ﱾ¹ǺԶɽϼһŻѪҲͦ飬ûлɡ
ֻ˵ѪѣҲʲôر˲ҩˣûоԻѪô˽⡣
ӹϵĻѪݹȥͬõĴ򣺡㿴ǲĻѪ
ͬõĴҲҽϿǿŻѪϸض⿴ŵǸѪһֻôô֣˻Ѫ֣ӻǸտʼѧдֵ˿̵ģ̵ŤŤģ±˲֪žǻѪһ
һۣ˵ͱ˵ЩеûˣϽ˵˵ŻѪô껹ܲðɡ
ͬôӦÿ϶õģɹˣ˺ܶ궼õأõʱгɷĩټӵǸĻѪҩ棬һ¾ˡ

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ϱպҩҪһҩܼЧ֮ҪʼˣȻỹеǵĵʱ

ڸǣҪء
ȾĲ˱֮ǰڰҪܶ࣬Ͼһǣ˿ڶһӵ˿ڿԱȵġ
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һٶǹ֮ǰѾˡ
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ٶٸ˸һٶͬһȾϲģѾߺڣأţԼûС
͢ʿҿǣǱ뿪ˣ͹ص˸Ѻ˵ĵط档
˼ԣ;ֻܵˡ
ٶˣҲһٶң֢״ȻҲȽأһ쵽Ըͣɻ
һ˱ŵĺַ֮ǰﶼǸʿסģһΪرأûȫÿ춼˰Ѽõҩ͹ǡ
ʣµ֢״ȽģⲿϣһЩΪǿøǰȽϺõԺӡ
ﻹܿʿæµش
ѾѾǹʱ򼸺ÿ϶һҩںȡ
ЩǸȾõģѾģǶһ顣
ںҩҲֻνѡ
ѾѾѾ˽ﲡ˵˵壬ЩĿκãҪǵϡΪѾˣԶҪߣҪһֱڳʪĻУҵҽٺãҲѾȻǵġ
Ҫ˰һպõԺӳηĲ˶ǱߣסĻÿһʱҪһΣǿϡ˰״ڻоͿԡ
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360 

ѾѾҪһһ˵УҵʬһҪᵽû˵ĵطڸӼˣѾȾĺҪС
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һһǺȾˣ鷳һͨ۷ˮۣ迣ѧȷȾ
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⣬ҽϵͳ̳һһЩں棬ܿĲˣΪ˱ÿ춼һЩ
Ҫ֮ˮϵͳƷһʱͻԶӷԲõĻɺĶȾ
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𣿡ѾѾһ˾
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ڿԺأҰзգһֱˣҪľҪգҩҪһЩʱ䣬þӣһҩǼǰܺˣ۹׿ǣ˲ΣߣʲݸһǮ
ѾѾ֪ͷڹ⿼ֱӾñʹд˷ӡ
һдһ߸ȴҩȥץҩʿ˵ǱǼ˵֢״ҲһͶҪҩȥץҩУȵˣһٸǻӣҩĲͳȥҵǻ˺ܶҩĹġ
ͷѾѾ˳ᢵӣڱźӡ
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ѾѾͷڸæ˴죬ɫڵʱ뿪ãķӺܶ඼ˣҲвٻܹס˵ġ
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֪Ĺֻۡм伸һķˣʣµķӶȱ
ѾѾǹôõ·ΪҽβڸæôãԹ֮󣬾͸ԻطϢ
ص棬ѾѾû˯ڴ˺ܾãȵһһ˵ҿܶ˯֮󣬲ĵЬŵسȥ
߳ţϴڳһˡ
ѾѾһؿڣԬʶڲ񷿺棬ʲôһǶ˾군ˡ
ԬʡߺߡҪǲǲǾԼȥ涼ˣ
ѾѾĹĵ˵ţҲŲҪȥ棬ҪȥҪء
Ҫȥĵذϵͳóġ
Ȼ֮ǶˣûлȥЩóˡ
ԬƲ죺ҲܣҾ;ҪȥˣҪǲңҾȥߴңҲȥˡ
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ѾѾԬöţȻнŲϽԬʶ㵽ݴ档
סͣԬʵ촽ˣù


361 Ԭʺõù

ȵŲԶˣѾѾϽɿ֣εظԬ˵Ҫ͸ɣϻˣҿɲ㡣
˵꣬վŲԶԺǽȥ
Ϊ֮ûʼؽĹϵԺǽѾˣǽֱӾ߳ȥ
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ҵ鶼ûƽ˯߲ãҹ˯ȥĴڡ
кܶطǵ͵Ƶġ
˯˳дˣҲСС˯Ϊú棬ΧСȺڿյȥ
·϶ѾѾԬСҲû˵ע⡣
ѾѾʱһ
˿󣬵ûˣҲûʿȫͷſˡ
һʱԬ˵ǽȥ飬ѾѾͺЩϵ˶ҵ𣿡
ԬĽؿһȺҹɫץԲصĺӣҡҡͷûУϵǼǵ̫ˣֲҸǷֿȥңһЧʶûУҵһ˶ѡ
һ˶ǵļأ
Ԭʻһ£ֵָץץЩƨɣüͷ˵ûкüڵʱѹˣм˵ߣ֪ôˣȥõʱһǣȻϢʱٸҡ
𣿡
ѾѾЩѹҪǵļЩϢ϶ѹˡ
ǵǴϢкüأǵ۾ôĵȴжѾ޺ˣҪǵֻ˶ѾȥϢǿ϶ܵġ
ԬʶҲˣץץӣûʲôӦҲҪ˵İȻǾͻΪûаˡ
ǰѹҲҪ˵ģȻǾͻһֱˡ
ѾѾԸԬʲһ
ԬôûûεģѾѾЩĽˡ
ԬԴҲˣץԴתɻؿѾѾ㻹û˵ôҪʲôء
Ҫʲôǹȥһɡ
ԬָָǱˣһȺС
ѾѾһۣ·ѯһһҪȽϺãס˵ķӶסˡ
ǰһףȻҹգԬڵ㣬Լȥӽȥʮ׵ĵطһݶ˵ķӣݶõڱϣһεĿռҶݶû˸סĶþ͡
Ŷ
ȵʱ䣬ҾӦԼȥһܻϵƿӷϵͳУȻĻҪÿϵͳһ˶ҪϵͳԶ㻻װϵͳﴢĸҲ޵ģָʲôʱͲˡ
һһ˳ѾѾһ䡣
ǣ֪ˡ
ѾѾӿ˵ԼҪҵطһ£ԬԼȥС档
ܵİѾѾ˵Ҫȥ㣬ǵĽŲסûٸŽ档

ץҰץҰץˣҾ͸ӡ
ѾѾźöԬʵʱÿԬߺŴǰ߹
ԥ룬ȥ
ϵʱץԲʵȰʱҪ棬ΪϹˣСҲԼˡ
ѾѾԬһ㵽һһǽں档
㲻ȻǾͻᷢˡ
Ҳȥ
˶޲϶ԷͣȻѾˣ
ȵѾѾȥץ˵ʱ򣬺Ȼһ

ѾѾסһ̾ôôϤ
ѾѾѱѹˡ
һŵСܵѾѾǰ
ѾѾ𾪵ظܹȥ
ԬʵĿѾٴ˸ʿ
ѾѾȺԬʱʿһǽ汧
ԬʵѪĿȾˣ۾ˮģˣһѾѾ͸˾һ˵ѾѾңҲҪȳӡ

Ԭʱ֪ĹۡүȻҲˣһѾѾԬʳȥ˻үӵһӦľҹӡ
Ҳ㣬ĶԲˣñкӶҪƤˡ
ѾѾ˲㵽϶ί˵ţҪԼȥģҪģô֪ôԼĽŶˣҪĽͿ϶ôˡ
㡭
үӱѾѾòᣬԬʣúӶ򲻶ˡ
㻹㲻˵ԼǸ𣿡
ŶѾѾղűԬŵԼῴˣæԬʿ
ΪԬʸĹϵ׽ε黹ѾѾɵģһһûֱɨԬ壬ҲܰѾѾ
ѾѾֻȫԼ
һɴ۾һüͷһҡͷ̾Ϣ


362  ϵͳĽ

ԬʿĶҪˣ۾ѾѾǲҪˣ
ѾѾ̾˿˵̫ˣȻҪˣȱ˿ˣȥġ
Ԭʣҽܲ𣿡
Ŷ
ѾѾǳصͷȻԬʿߣԬʵϥǣ룬ܻطһҽ
ǹδġ
Ȿҽ˸տʼʱһ£Ϊ˽ţһΣԼļĨ˺ܶҩƣĽһӾ׵øһ·߲֮󣬾û˷ˡ
Ȿ鶼뿴һֱѹ׵ġ
үǶڵȴѾѾһۣҪôԬʵˡ
ѾѾһˤȵҳ棬֣ʼԬʵȡ
϶˱ѾѾѳϲӰæȥðͷһ
ѾѾҲҪڸʱչĲ˵ģʶͷҽ֮־ѾѾϾǸСӣ̫;ͰѾѾ˻ͷһڸá
ѾѾüͷǿĵģйͷ͹ˣӦǶˣҪҾõﻮȻװöӽȥŤȵ֮·ˡ
ѾѾ˵ϵͳ￴ƵȽŶ˵˺ܶȻװֶֻһûע⵽ֽų˶
ĻͺܻŵԬʱѾѾŵáۡһ˳
үҲŵ˫ȷ
ѾѾҪ㻹ǵʦΰɡ
һһڿռ̾˿Ȱ˰ɣѧҽʱ仹̫ˣѾǸͷɡ

ͷӸȫ˹ӹԬ
ѾѾүȥһ٣ѾѾί˵ѸͶˣֻǹȥѡ
ڶ죬ͷҪԬʿѾѾͶȥ˸ǱߣźǣȻҪȥʣЩˡ
ѾѾһȥĸã·ѾѾƿ棬ץԲصļСѿæܹѾѾǸѺ𣿡
ǽһץԲ𣿡
ѾѾźӦţȶˣǽܸһˡ
Сʧ뿪
ѾѾҲ̾ʧطӣ˵壬ЩѾٵķӣӦҪѶ߲ˣ𻵵òǺأס˵ĵطҲӦӹһ¡
ֲĻϰհæֻҪŵÿնӣӦúæġ
ȻĻ»ԽԽ˶Ԭһ
Ҳ뵽Щ֮ǰΪֲϰֶȽԸæڲһˣֻҪǷų߿Ϣǿʳӣǿ϶ȼϣġ
Щ׻ΪʲôѾѾôˣΪѾѾľ͸ǹңϰյĸһڣһжõġ
ѾѾ˸ãȥˡ
һգۣѾѾǾڹڸĸǴ˰£һ֮ǰص߲Ҳ
𻵵ķӶøɸɾʣһƬһƬĿյأϣ
źҲѾϵ˶ҵҰϢ˳ȥ
ͷѾѾһһڲϣԬʵĽŰøһѾѾߡ
үѾѾ֢ˣʲôʱ̻شӣׯڿҪջˣǻصɩĺӦҲҪˡ
ÿ춼ɷʳүӸеʶʳҪԣۿѾȥˮΡ
˳ȥŮ
ѾѾͷӣͷһ⣬һᣬү˵ŸȶΧģٵɣȵûˣĳžͿԴ򿪣Ǿͻȥɡ
ѾѾӦù²ٵصˡ
˵ˣΪԵʣ⸮кܶ˵һʱ˷ˣкܶˣؿճˣȶˣۿҲҪúˣҲкܶ˶˼Ҫѵ˾ߵġ
ھǸڵصĺʱ򣬶ҪؽˣеĲҵҪ¿ʼһսʱ̣Ҫպˣ˵Ժܸһ
үӲ֪ѾѾĴ㣬ͷǾٵɡ
ԬЩƣȥô죬һﶼû
˵һ˻ץԲأһֱˣڼﻹģǵ˺ˣ湻ٻȥ
û
ѾѾҲûѾѾ˶ɵһ
ϵͳ֣ܶȻбĽ


363  һҩ

ѾѾȻǸͷһ˵ģֻѾѾĹҲСϵͳǧٵĻ֡
⻹ѾѾһοԼ֣ܿ챻ϵͳһתע
ϵͳȻһݣʲôãôûпݣҩأͨĲأ
ͨ´ϵͳһĶֻҪƷܿص˵ѾѾʶڱݺ棬Ҳûκεֵ
һһҲЩ֣ʱҲǺϵͳ⡣
ȻϵͳģӦòͨĶѩϵͳúñܼɡ
ѾѾͷǾֻˡ
ѾѾȥоĻ֣һӶô֣ϵͳ̳ڶһܶԵĶˡ
㿪̳ʳҶƷ룬һٿɿ
ʳ̫ˣʺóΨɿСٿžһСܰס
ЩɿóʱֽţѾѾڲƷҳϿĽɫɫֽһβһһѣҲ֪Ҫ׼һЩֽϴϵͳС
ĻԺٶһϵͳͲԶװˡ

ѾѾԼķŰɿóȥźƸһ𣬸ү˵ˣҪȥС׽Բء
үһźţĲ٣˵ȥɣҪ
ǣұ֤ץԲؾͻ
ѾѾɵسүӱָͷתŸشźƳȥ
ЩٵķӵĲкɾֿտ˺ܶ࣬ЩٻòǺĵطЩ޲һ¡
ֿٶסˡ
ѾѾǳȥһ֣֮ǰǿ˺ܶӵģʳЩΪӻˣֱ˼ܻˣĲϰƷֹƷⶼǺܴ
ǲЩùˣƷЩˣƷЩһһЩ
ǰʰʰã¿ӣĶͼ۶ˡ
ԹϢкܶ࣬ЩӵĴźܶ඼٣ɴҲš
ѾѾź߹ȥʱ򣬻ߺ
˵ϸ޲ֻҪʮǮһƥˣ߹·Ҫ
ÿֻҪһһˣұȫҲ˵ˣξҪˣޣξҲûлˡ
ССӣҪдֹϰʺ͵ĺˣϻȥջһӵĺˡ
ѾѾźƻһƷ档
Ǹ˵еϣʵӱһѡ
ҼҲ࣬Ǽкܶࡣ
ڴϲСԽԽŵѾѾæź뿪Ҫƭӡ
ȻҾͦģѾӶˣҾұǻҪ
ǲܸġ
źڱЦЦ˵ѾѾȥһ㳡ＯϾۼǵĺǡ
ѾѾѾǶˣһѾѾȫΧ˹
һ˫ֱں棬ѾѾĽŲţѾѾѾѾ˵ѸõĲ˶κˣǲǿҪ˰֮ǻټ𣿡
һСһ㣬ֵͬСӿڣѾѾ㣬ܲܲҪ߰˵ˣڳ͢ǳԴģǾ㲻ɻÿ춼ܳԱҪøɻÿ͸ͿԳԱˣð
ǰѾѾһҶɣǰܱߴסʱÿ춼Ҫɻ̲Ÿҷԣÿ춼ԲڵˣҼҵĵûˣҾͲøɻˣڸÿŴһ棬Ҳһ٣ÿٶܳԱ
ҲɣҲøɻҲÿ춼Աġ
ǹ㳡ĺӴ඼ǸӻƶǱߵĺӣǼҵķӵ֮󣬾һܵøѰ֧Ԯˡ
յǼȷʵܲãɳ͢Ǳ½ʳӹ֮󣬶ʲôĺ˵Ӳøɻÿ춼ԸܶСһ棬ܳԱüֱһ
ѾѾԼɿε̾˿
̫ڵ͹ˣƺҪοҪĶǷǳõģ֮ǰӡ
źŴ˵ĻҲ㶣Ȼʱ䲻õĶܶ࣬Ҳ֪͢ôǣҪʲôÿ͵ųԷûϽĵ׳ġ
תͷȥѾѾѾѾʲô뷨
ѾѾû˾С˵ҴЩóԵĶҳԣ˳˵˵
һѣԶЩʲô¶ĺûʲôӰ죬Ҳ̵ӰԺļֵֺۣ󣬻Ҫע⺢ǵⰡ
ѾѾԼǸӣȴҪô࣬ƺĳˡ


364  ѾѾµĵ

ѾѾɿָңһǵһγԵĶ
Ԭʵһγɿʱһ˲ͱɿζ۷
ѾѾǳ˵һɿһƽʱϿεʱ˵˵ǿҸǵͲ𣿡
ţһСꡣ
ʼѾѾ˵˵
ǾʱΪǸô
˲𰡣ҵﶼ˵ˣСС߶κãǼһǺܶæҵ˵ǼҸǾ˺ܶӸʳ
ǸƽʱǸرﻰĺӣʲô˵˵ġ
ѾѾԼҲһɿŵǣһ𣿡
밡ҵ˵ˣҪѧһôãڵбˣҲˡ
ѾѾԶӺ仰˵ҪһҪŬС
Ǹղ˵ЩҪôģԺҲôǾûһˣԺҪһѵˣǶûа취ˡ
СһŵӺؿѾѾΪʲô
ΪǱúóû͢ǼΪʲôҪǾʳӣôϣǿԿӵӰ߳ǿʼµϣܹѧжܻñȹȥҪŬС
ɲǱڳ͢ʳӣǾͿʲôÿֻǸˡ
Ҫ֪͢һֱʩǵģҪǱˣԺǸô죿
ǵļ԰ЩطûʲôϵˣԶΪô飬ǲҪӻһЩأӦöһЩԼǵİ
ǼҲܺˣÿʲôҲǿÿ춼Ե⣬ҲΪ㰡ÿȻŬŬѧϰҽŬѧϰ书Ŭ취ӡ
Ϊ֪кܶ˻ҪȥģϣҵԹøһЩ
˵ţѾѾζһ¿ǻɿζƺ๤ɿúóˣְһɿ档
һ߾׽һ߸һһ˵һһԺҪǻʲôطˣҿ϶ֱӾ;ˣҪԼͶ׬ȡ꣬ΪǿԲͶĻǾͻ᲻Ըȥɻˡ
һһݺᣬû뵽ѾѾȻܹ˵һ
ȫûʱԼġ
һЩҲʲô£ֻҪһĻȷۡ
һһϵͳһʲôʺĻˡ
ѾѾĻСʵʲôǲԶ
Զ
ѾѾϿĳʱǾ仰ģҲԶع
ʵҲײԶʲôֻǾ˵ñȽ˳ڶѣһһ
õһһĻش˵ǲ·;ңԶ˼
С룬ᶨؿѾѾҲҪŬɻŬѧϰԺҪԶȥ档
ҲŵͷͰ£һŬģҪǴӵˣҲԶȥǡ
һѧһĵСǣ˵ʱϳԼƺܹѾѾһˣǴҶѧĳ
ѾѾͨˣüͷҲϲ𣬵ʱ̫ˣҲϣ𡣡
ӣˮֵʱǲԶȥǣ
ѾѾҡͷҲˮ֣ȥ귢ˮʱ򣬴ҵʳûˣҾֱӲԶعҾˡ
ãʲô¶ûУֱӲԶعȥ㡣
̸ãѾѾԼ˺ܶһʧ꣬˵ذɿָң͸һץԲˡ
źٴͷβ𺳣ҲоϲͬʱӼᶨԼҪľġ
һ죬һøһġ
ѾѾźưոүԼõģֻץԲؾͻȥȥ֮Ԭʻû˯Ժſ֣һǳӣ˵˴һģֻһҪڷ
ѾѾ룬ִϵͳ̳һ˼ɿװǴӿڴͳģȫԬʡ

գѾѾһȥ֪
͸֪˵ѾѾˣѾѾһ֪ͰѶó
ǵ֮Щ˵ͼٸլӵĵ
㿴ҪЩɣҿЩ㡣
֪óʮŵѾѾ㿴һ£˵ҶҪ
Сѡ꣬ȫҪ


365   ô

ˣʳʽҲ˱ϡ
ϾҪӭؽ£֪ҲûͷԵˣ֮ǰҲͼðոЩء
ƻԼؽ֮ӻլҲãʣµľ͸߼ȥ
ȻѾѾȻ˵ȫҪˣ
Ա߿Źڸ֪һƵӣЦ˵ȫҪǲˣ͸֪䣬ʣµĶ߰ɣǵýӾС
ǡѾѾŵ֪УεץסʣµЩЩ㶼ĳҵְɣӵĻһȥ֮͹
֪ȷһóô
˵ѼеӶ˵ġ
ûӣܾòǺѾѾ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬֪һ֪϶ѾѾúء
ҪѾѾʵòӣϲ᲻ܵġ
˵ǾͰ˵İɣãǻҪʱؼҵġ
ǡ
֪΢ᣬ˵ǻ˵ɶ
ѾѾӸóһȥ϶
϶𾪹Ͷ뵽ϲõУǰźѾѾѾѾȥѲǼҵĲҵ

Ľڵ֮ҲԼӶȥˣ֮ͺˡ
ǸôУ϶һ쵽ĥǮķӣҪٲӣܿͻҪˣУȥɽµĴһ£Ǽж˲Σжٱҩģջ˵Ǳȥˡ
ⳤɽҿ羰ģůˣҪЩĵط϶ܶԸġ
Ǳ֮ǰǻ˵Ҫչ˵ȥ⸮ǵ֪ɽµضˣûӾǷţٻ
ҪŪȼȵǱĿ˸ˣھǱҲ϶кܶ˻ᵽġ
ƽʱô䣬ҲǺȣҿ߿Ҳ
ĽϽշݵ书꣬ɽ˵ļƻ
˵ʱˣ˵ʲôꣿҪĵ𣿡
ǣԵĵ꣬Էʱһԣھ˻ȥ˵͸׼ЩʳĸУұ֤˻ԡ
ҲкóԵĶͷʣҲǸ𣿡
ţҲȫģҲѸġ

Ľʱ뵽Щ͸ȥˣϵһ
ԵʱӺǸСҲԼڴԵʱر˧
ΪɽԵԵʣĴԼرãȥһᣬԵһͷ¹
¹϶ǱֻĽϸ֪ôͽȥȵõĶŪˣ͹㣬Ǽкܶ¹¹Ķûʲôˡ
ĽϱĹ棬ʵкܶҩ𣿡
򲻶˵ЩĽֲ䣺ָ¹׸˲֥һ濴ҩġ
һֻɫӴĽǰܹȥһֱŵʯͷӹȥͷӵĺϣӲҽһſڵϣ򲻼żȻشĽϵ⣺ͦİɣǧ˲ξ˲Щмʮɡ
Ǽסڳɽɽϻҵһר˲εĵأµ˲ξ͸ˡ
˵꣬˹߹ȥֻӣݸĽϣ̫ˣӦòóԣȥСɡ
á
ĽЩеӦţЩ𾪡
Ϊһ˲εض𾪣ҲΪһʯͷһֻӶ𾪡
˲εصȲ˵Ľ֪ʯͷôһֻӣҪ֪ܵÿǺܿģҾ㱻ʯͷˣʹһ֮ٶӦǲĲŶԡ
ĽϰеʳֵץԴҾһͰˡ

ĽϾȥ֮Ҫӷܵϰ书ȵѾѾʱѾѾǰһСʯͷһֻӣǣǰһֻҰѾѾ
ɽˣ˷ʱͻصɽ棬ɽ棬СŪ¯Ӹбʳġ
׼룬Ľϵ룬룬Сӵ롣
עûʸɽڸһò͵ġ
ֻһӳԻǻ׼˹꣬е񱡣
ŹտʱĽʱ𾪵ĵڶ£ڣô


366 

ˣðƵУ̧Ľϣ˵ͦõİҲ
ĽˣҪʼ˵£һ׷ˣϽȰеúܱܱţƬƬдײ˰ܲЩȥ
һͶ˺ܶࡣ
˵һòãǼҵ˲θңҰȥˣ˵ӷһɡ
˵һ仰ţƬҲˣĽϸϽţƬк򣺡Ҳһаŵմ˽ԣóԵġ
šһ˹ʣµһƬţƬ֮ǰСѾ߰Ƭȥˡ
Ľﶪ˺ܶţƬ۾ſ򱻻𺳵顣
պų𣿡
ţƬŵװ˽ϵѯĽϣĽϵͷû
ţƬŵճţƬ̣ûܵһʱԽȥּԶһ㣬˴ſ졭˲䣬۾Ҹ
óԣţ̫óˡ
Ȳص·Žȥţ죬ȴʱ뵽Ľ֮ǰʵĻӦ԰Щ˲ηǼҲûãǹСϰռǿųɽסģԼвЩҩģҲˡ
Ǿô˵ˣҾͰǼҵ̶ȥǣǳ֮ǰһЩ˲ιҿ˲εӦûܶ࣬ԡ
Ļû˵꣬ĽϸϽջȥΪСѾڼţƬˡ
ﻹиճԵţζ᲻ĽкԼС

ò˵ڸ֪۹ⲻ֮ǰջȥĵؾȻǸֵʰϵġ
һһӡ
ҪЩӶˣһֿɶǼҵˣ⾹Ȼһӵһ֣Ҫ˵ȥˣжĽҰ
϶˰뱲ӵûгһԼһһӵһֵӡ
ҲޱȵسȣֻҪǵأأլأܽһѡ
ѾѾŵһ£Щ⣬мӲһģǽʱͲǺܷˣҪȥЩӵ˰ЩȫС
Ѿˣĵؾ֮ǰҪŪ̳ǡ
ϵͳ˽⵽̳ǶǺܴܴкܶܶӣ֮ǰҲôĵһ̳أû뵽ؾˡ
ڸߵ󣬷Ѿٵ߰˰ˣҪƵؽģƵ֮þһĵأڸģ֮󣬿϶ûп
϶ÿѾѾôӶ𣿡
ˣȥá

֪ѾѾ֮һʧؿѾѾŵ˵ģҲΪǵλƫƧ
ڳƶǶ
һضʮӾˡ
ƶĵʲôð
֪̾˿̧ͷѾѾ߽ΪԼۻˣ˲۾ٿȥǸ֮ǰһģһ
ѾѾˣϽϵŵվӭѾѾǡ
ѾѾôֻ˰
˵ܱ¶ѾѾݣ֪ڵʱǸŴһ麰ѾѾġ
ѾѾֱӾͿʵ֪ˣʰϻ𣿾ЩмģҪкʵĻҪˡ
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ͲӶûģǾ
Ȼ΢ҪѾѾȥӵġ
ѾѾ˹ڸһæЩǡ»ӭڶεҪߵѾѾҪǼҵӣܸɴؾˣѾѾ֪Ӹǡ
ļ죬ÿϻôŶӹѾѾͷȷûȾˣʱѾѾ͸϶źǳȥĵж
֪Щ˰Щ𻵵ȫˡ
ѾѾôʲôǾҪ꣬ҲòôӰ
϶ĽŵӼռ˰ֵĴСǴլӶҪϼ
ѾѾƤգ۾ҾͲ㡣
϶
һ죬ѾѾȥʰϿӵĽȣͬʱڱȻţȵЩӶˣҪôҪôŲӰ쵽Χӡ
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ڹڸʱ䣬ûжͼֽ
źƳ˵һȥӵĴСļ춼ǸѾѾǴ˸кŸܳȥһȥһ졣
Ҫߵȶ˲뿪үӾʱʱȥһѧʡ
һӾԬһ档


367   þò

ԬʵȻûжϣǹˣȻҪ
˵˽һ죬֢״Ҫ²֮ǰȥ
ѾѾҪдŸĽϣҴȥ档
Ԭʹ¶ԺĽдţѾѾ
ѾѾʱ򿴵ľԬʾȻĵд֣£ȻɷµصͷҪһӱڿ죬ȾҪȡ
ѾѾ߽ŵүӣ⻰ѾѾȣҡҡͷ
кӼҵȲֵǮŮӲһ
ҪϧŲС
Ԭڿ˵ѾѾĻѾѾˣæѹֽȻ󡰺ߡһƲͷȥ
ɿ𣿡
ѾѾ֪Ԭʲô˼ɿ
һ˲ҪԼѾѾҪĽһѾѾԬʣ붼룬ֱӾ˵Ҫ
֮죬үӶʼҺԬʲĶӡ
ѾѾԬʲܸһȥˣͦġ
Ԭ߳ɿ뵽Ҫ̳ǵ£͸Ԭ˵ҺܿҪ￪һܴܴ̳ˣʱкܶλġ
Ӧû׬ӣҪһĻȥ֮ͰҸɻҸ㹤Ǯȵ׬һˣҾλô
ԬüͷЩòôȻҪɻӲſλǺһ£ʲô̳ǣ
̳ǵĻгԵģ͵һֵĵطʱһŪֳͯôСģȵŪ֮϶кܶϲ棬Ǿ׬úܶˡ
ʲôֳͯƺܺӣԬֱļ䣬Լո飬ᶨصͷǺãҰɻһҪλңԣҪλ
ѾѾƻ̳ŪܶܶλЩλŪñȽСסլ֣λԬʺҲûʲô͵ͷ
ԭˣȵ̳ˣҺú漸С
ԬʾԼոϰѾѾд̫ˣҪѾѾ֮󣬾ͽոдõ˺
ѾѾڻס֪ĸǵѾѾͻؼң֪Ҳһԣ͵ǸС
֪ҵ˰Ѳ˶˵ϣ׼ϯˣ˽󻹴һĹ˵ˣλ˵ԼҽȵĴˣһҪţӲǸ˽
֪һҽˣϾͶ˵ˣдͿˣȥŰɡ
ȻԴЩ˵ֹ
죿
ѾѾֵ̧ͷȥһˣ𾪵ؿڣôˣ
ѾѾһ̧ͷ˻ͷͷûӡ󣬿ҽȴ˼֣ŵõܡ
ɿǰСҲˣƺʶһֵܿ˳һ䣺˵ҽȵĴˣǵĹ
һʻǸõͷı˵ǹҲ˵𣿡
үӵ˶üͷտʼܹ֪Ҳһӱ䵭
ͷѾѾʦѾѾǸ̵ˣ˵ʦĴ򣬱ҽȵĴˣǵĹʦĿء
Ҳ߶βã˼˵ԼҽȣǲҪ
Դϴο֮ѾѾһֱҽȵ˾ӹҽʦˡ
ѾѾȥȥβʱ򳤸һЩһ㣬Ҳ֮ǰÿһЩ쵱ʱ۸ڶˣѹûעʲôˣҲûϳѾѾ
ѾѾĻЦһʲôèҲҽȵ˱ȣ档
ĻǸѾѾ˵ģǸ֪˵ģ߰ޱȣ֪˰ɣʦ֪ǸǺܶȾߣҹģ߾ǲ֢֮ǹҲβõģΪ˲øȾ鷳˰Ⱦ˶
֮ͳɡ
ȵǶ֮һרһЩҩ֮Ҳøǵ˳ȥҪٷȾģͽͿԡ
εҺҪҩİ󣬵ǵǵĸǸѣֻҪ֧һӾͳɡ
Ȼǲ˷ʱȥƲ˵һ˵Ļ˵ꡣ
ͷüͷ̲ס˵˵˵˭˵ҽȵĹβߵģ˭ǰԼβ˵ģĳĶû𡭡
˵ɫҲЩ죬ֵؿ졭


368  

ڵ֪ڸ֮󣬾ͱʦ˹Ϊڸǳ֮ǰϵ·ûκεͣ
û˵µϢ
ڿҶֵؿЦſǣҽȵĵʮˣ˵ĻʵҪͷĻҲû취ǵȵˣҵʱҾͲһܹﵽˡ
Ҽ۸Ҳ᲻ͬˡ
˵ţղ֪Ĳ¡
̬һظ߰ޱȡ
ѾѾ׼ȥԷģϣؿ죺㣬ʱû˵Ѿκ𣿡
Ҳֵصͷ˵԰㶼û˵Ѿκ𣿡
ɫ䣬ŵ˵ôܣں˵Щʲôôܹκá
ֲмؿѾѾǣ֪ˣǿ϶ǲӲ˵ģҲգǾ͵бǰɣܿҲȾߣʱǱҡ
ߡվһ˦䣬ϵĲ豭˦
⣬һȥܱߵ鿴ûȾߵʿһ͹˵ˣźӱ߲̽ԴӺ֮˸Ⱦߣͬʱߵҩȥ֮ǰȾѾˡ
°˵ãȥ͡
Ųס֮ǰʦ˵͢˹ӹܹڸ飬ǰࣿ
Ӧò˵Ѱɣ첻̫ȷתָѾѾ˵Ļģκߣ
ڸ֪ɫЩѿˣ˵ԼȥʾˣҪû£߰ɡ
켱ڳȥ֤Ҳ̬ת˳ȥ
ԬǸֱڿˣֻǸӣ뵽ʲô˵ʲôʲôҽǼٵ𣿻˵Լҽ߶βãѾѾˣҾԺԸӹҽˡ
ͷԬʣݵú˵˵ҽвٺôģոŮ˵ͲҽȵĵӣҲֻǸŵӶѣҪҽȵĹֵ֪ӣ϶ȥġ
ҵʱˣһҪдŻȥУ𣿵Ū˭ĵˣʦͽҽȥ
Ҳǻϵ֮һ֪ҽ飬ӣеԥȥ֮ǲҪȰһ»Ҫʲôҽˡ

ԹͿʼʰ׼ȥֻڸ߸յ꣬ҲûʲôģѾѾʰĶҲǴļ·˶ѡ
иծĶʮŵ
ҽȥʱ򿴵ܶڽ·ˣϵЦݶأȵ´λһԽԽõġ
ѾѾԼ飬Ԭ˵ҲǿǵԬʲܳţ˵һ
Ԭʹ죬Ĺĵ˵ţֲ£Ҷܳȥ档
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ţһģһȥҾоһ¿ܲԤҪеǾǰˡ
ѾѾ˽⵽δе𱨾ģڵ֮ǰͻᷢԤźš
ϵͳֱ̳Ӷһ̳ûУ;ҪԼ
ǴĺӣԼ϶ġ
գ֪ĸۡù緹Ǿͳشӡ
֮ǰԼͷѾѾһȥ
ͷĶѾѾǻҪ٣·ûУڴ·үӸģһģֿտյȥ
֪Ǹ֮ѾѾԬһһҵſĳϸǵϰջָΧΧ˺ܶѾѾǸʶС顣
֪ѾѾǽҪߣָС֣С鶼˹
ֻԼ̶̵СָѾѾ˵ѾѾ⼸춼ڼҵ·ˣǼҸǺˣһҪҼ͡
Сֵڴǰ棬ɤӣҲɻˣһѧʶˣӸдˣѧˣҾ͸дš
ҲǣҲúڿˣǺܿͻøһģʱһҪһ档
ҶױһѾѾ˵顣
ѾѾ¶˸ү֮ǰһοı飬ͷӿɽ̣ܺãܺã
˳֮ѾѾ͸ү˵ԺҲһѧﵱôˡ
үӣţɡ
Ѿͷе̫࣬Ļ
ոճ˳ûãһƥӭܹǵغţүѾѾˣˡ
⻰˶ʮ죬ζǱϸĿ־֧ţͷۣһдСʱȻһ¹ʵǲ˼


369 ѾѾ

ǵŸûãһƥӭܹǵغţүѾѾˣˣ̳ˡ
ѾѾŵ͵ƿӿȥɽկĴ󵱼ңżѯʣô£
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ôǳʱɩǺúõ𣿡
ûã˵ϱǼֹˣԡ
ѾѾҷʲôڴѾ鿪󵱼Ϊ֪ѾѾҰȥˣǼһ£͸ȥǵĴӿһۣ֪顣
ѾѾԵɣսСȭͷϱǸˣҪô峤ϳӡ
󵱼̾һǴ峤˵ϹˣֻǲԸ뿪ڶڴ档
ѾѾᶨ˵ţԻȥϣǿϻȥɩСֶŮҪǡ

ʱΪҪ·;ѾͣˣˣԬڸǵʱҪˣܳȥ棬Żȥ·ϣûôˣǿ˰ɡ
ȥʱΪѾѾɩСֶŮ飬ǱʱҪһЩһٷûкúóԹһֱڸ·ˡ
ʱ˰£ȥʱ͵档
ԬһźƷؼңԬ˵֪Ԭʻˣѯȥ𣿡
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Ԭתͷʾߵ뿪ԬߣɻһֱڴҪһȥô᲻أ
Ƕҳȥ档
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ֻÿҲУҪȵӪĶУڴҲǾȥҡ
⺢̫СûιҩһῪЩҩǣȥˮ裬ÿһΣݰ¿
ѾѾ۵ؿСֶŮͷСֶŮһ𣿡
ͷһ£ͷֻҪúãһܸСһ
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ѾѾһ
ϱҲһүӸ϶
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϶ӣѾѾʦҽӦñѾѾҪܶ࣬Ǳߺ߲ܶ˶κõġ
ؿڣһ챣ӣ챣ӣ
ĴϵĴ򶼿˵û취ˣδ˹˻
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ͷҩʱ򶼺棬һֱҩΧ͸ûѾѾĻһһذѸСֶŮҩҲá


370 ׸

ѾѾ
ԺµʱҲҪôҲҪôרע
ҪµʱרעһЩÿĽдŵʱͬʱͿԶдֳˣĽдſ϶ųġ
ͷҩʱ򲻸˵ˣѾѾøͷһЩģȥСֶŮ
ֻصĵķ䡣
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ѾѾȥʱϱû˯ӣһֻҡСӤ۾죬̾
ɩ岻ãӦöһЩĵŶԵģҪһֱģĲòˣԽԽأʱ͸ûúչСֶŮˡ
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ҪСʮʲôҾͲˡ
ѾѾͷſҡϣҡ¶ؿǵСʮϳʮصɩǲԵģ˵Ѿ飬˷ʱȥ䣬ȥҪûзöðûκġ
˷ʱȥЩԺô
㿴֮ǰǼҲҲ𣬰ҲˣڸǱҲǣǴֻҪŬ߳ˡ
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ѾѾ㡭
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ѾѾȥСֶŮ֣СֶŮεץסָ˷ܵ˵ɩ쿴СֶŮϲңץҵˡ
ϱ˾ѾѾĻЦǰСʮϲùˡ
ѾѾִսСֶŮһִֻ˴һֵȥˣ˵СֶŮܺ棬еԣģһȼСֶӵ档
ɩϲСֶŮԺٸСֶŮɡ
ϱ
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ѾѾšü´ȥԬ˿ҵ
Ԭסôã϶֪ġ
ѾѾͷ˵Ļͷ˵ˣСֶŮСֲãһҪ̲ӪģСֶŮĹùãܿСֶŮôûӪ
ѾѾָˣҡСʮӣҪ޳ˣϱֲˣ˵ǶԬˣԬʶ˶࣬Ӧа취ҵˣСʮͿˮˡ
СʮǰɣûãûˮСùûˣСùһҵ̸СʮȣСʮιðװֵģСʮԺҪСùú֪𡭡
ذСʮҡﱧ
СʮΪ岻ãƽʱеѾӣԸͨСӤСʮҪԺܶࡣ
İιһֱǲ޲ֵģֻȵúιҪעС
ѾѾֱܵԬʼңԬʻ˯ֻԬд
Ҫ˯ҪҪ˽ȥ
òãԬĸġ
ѾѾֱӸԬ˵
ҵģ
ѾѾͷţԬ֪֪˭Ǹ꺢ûõġ
ԬһӾѾѾ˼СֶŮɣʶһһֶŮɩ죬ĺ£ҹȥϲˣҴ͹ȥ˵˵ԸԸιһӡ
ллԬĸ
ߵʱѾѾԼܵԬʵķԬˣڴϳԵġ
ЬмϣѾѾüͷôôࡣ
ǿԳԵĶҾò࣬ˣʲô㲻ӦڼСֶŮ𣿡
Ԭһ档
ѾѾԬԶһϣµǴϱɩСֶģҪȥѵǣҪһȥ𣿡
ôѵ
ѾѾתתһٰɣһˣ´ʹ


371  

ȥ
ԬʳԣˣһûԹˣ϶ܴ̼ҼҲ֪ûеĻҲ֪ģҪ֪Ϊ˴˵ģ϶ҵġ
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أѧ˴˵ķӣҪ֪˻᲻ң
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źƽʱôԣ϶ҲģҵĻҵӲܴˡ
ѾѾһжŵװ׵ġ
ԬѾѾĻѾѾȥҡ
ѾѾüͷȻˣߣߵ𱻴ˡ
á
ԬûʲôֻҪܴ˾С

źҲϱ£һֱѾѾҴţϢ˵ϱҩ֮˺ܶ࣬ؼȥճԺžͱѾѾס
ڴϱƽʱᾭһС·ϣѾѾ˿ϵʱ䣬ңڶӦʱǼ㣬ͲǺˡ
Ϊһֱ㲻ʱֻ֪㣬ҪôɻˣҪôڼɻ
ҲǴϱ͵ĵ㣬Ϊж٣ϱŮľҪȥɻÿʱ䶼װӲҪؼéġ
ѾѾԴӲȥѧ֮󣬾·ϼδϱ
ҸźȥȥǱ߶ţϱܿͻˡ
ѾѾ·Եһôϡ
źѧУֵĿεʱҲǺģҲϡ
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ҪҾҪԼҪɩСֶŮ𡣡
ѾѾҡͷ
źֻ̾ԼעһЩˡ
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͸ҷһƴ峤˵˼䣬뿪ӣЦİƫƫߣû취ˣҵҪһ峤ܶʲô
ȥηס˼Σ˭иùŮǾ͵Ľҹϴ󸻴Ӱɡ
ʲôռңʲôҲүʱϹ۶ѣȵү۵ʱҿǻʲôÇNɪġ
һ·ûʲôˣϱ˵еŷҡ
ѾѾźʹ˸ɫڴϱ·ʱһȥ׵ͷϡ
Ԭ˷ܵųˡ
ѾѾż˵
źƣ
һ˲
ѾͷԬӣҪʲô
ϱܿϳǵ
ѾѾԬʶһۣһ֡
ϳˣײ

˻ػصѾѾң㵽ѾѾ鷿ԬԼҶһˡ
ѾѾ㣬ҪȳҾͲ˵ϲˡ
˵Ҫȥġ
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ҪҪġ
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ԬʸѾѾֱӳ
źεسҪȥ̹װɣˣ˵ˣӦòᷣǵġ
УҪ˵ˣҵǻҵġ
ѾѾҡͷ
Ԭʹؿ㲻˵ô㣬ûµ𣿡
ѾѾͣңҲҵġ
ԬҲˣҲġ
źƺЦؿѾѾҪ˵ҪģҪҹȥģ
ѾѾԬʶһۣͬʱͷԣؼ֮͸˵Ҫȥġ
ֻҪײǴ棬Ǿû취ҵǹͨˣһǴҶû

ѾѾ㵽ݡ
ϴš
ѾѾæȥţһ۵ûСϴ󣺡֪ҹȥʲô𣿡
ϴʵ˵ϱˣ˴ñ׵ģ˵ģﲻţȥԼϱ˵
Ҳôϱں˵˵㻹ôСôˣôܰأ߶ôܸ˵Ѷᡣ
Ҳõģȥһ¾ˡ
Լ綼ñԩġ


372  յѵ

ϴ˵ĻѾѾ˼صͷ
ԬʸźҲͷ­
Ȼû뵽ϱ״ٶȻ׵ٶȿ졣
ȥɣ˵ˣߣʡӰɩСֶŮϢ
ϴ˵꣬Լˡ
ѾѾԬʣ˵ȥɡ
Ԭʲ鲻Ը档
źƿѾѾıӰ˵ȻͰǸո˵ģ˵ȥľС
š
ѾѾӦţ̾˿
Ժ£ǧһ𣬲Ȼĺ

ݣϱ׵ү׵ϣָϸСϰ¡
ûҵֱǼѾѾˣϽҵ衣
ҵֶǼѾѾˣһôõĳ԰Ͻš
ҵͷˣҰĦĦ
ҵĽſ϶˵Ųֱˣһ½š
ѾѾǹʱ򿴵ľǴϱϷүһԿ鵰ⶼҪСϰš
ҪϰĦͷ
ѾѾܹȥСϵĵӵϣֹȥϣ˵ҪֻŮ¡
ϱѾѾߡһ˵ֳˣã˵˵ǲԬһȥҰɣû뵽åֶζѧˣ֪Ÿٴ˰֪㶼ˣǲҪ͵ȥøҸأ
үѾѾ˵ǲģ
ѾѾŴϱһźƣһ˵ûдǸղһֱڼûгȥ
ڿ˵ǴˣǾó֤ɣҳǴ˳
ȻĻҾҪȥŸҿǹġ
ѾѾ˵˵ţԼԼĻˣԼˣԬҲĻ
ֱ׳˵ţԣ˵Ǵṩ֤ݣȻԺҪǴұˣңҪæˡ
Ψźƣֱ̫ˣȻ֪Եӵġ
ϱŭؿѾѾѾͷңҶ˵ˡ
֤û֤˵ѣľ﹫ץȥֱն׾С
ϱã㹻ݡ
˵꣬ľ֮ǰܳȥˡ
үӿѾѾȫ˵꣬ɫ׺ˡ
ŮģôûѾѾղڽƱ磬ҲܾŴϱȥ
һӣʵô£

ѾѾүŵЩ֪롣
ϵźƿӣĻϱ˵ĻһģѾѾԬȷʵзȥǶҵ°ڵģҿϱ˳ۣҪȥݺݵشһ١
ֹңɿֹˣһ˴򲻹ͰңҪ𷣵Ļһˡ
¸ûйϵġ
үȻѾ³ˣʱҲֻܳˡ
ԬصͷԶԶԣźƲãȥˣҸѾѾȥֹûֹɹԾͰһˣҪͷͳͷźƾˣ¸ҺѾѾûйϵġ
үӿԬһۣ㲻˵ѾѾ
ѾѾ˵𣿡
үӿѾѾ
Ŀ档
ѾѾ˲һ޳˵ҲˣֻɩСֶŮԬʸźưȥѵģԺҲҲҴˡ
ү̾˿ʣֻһ𣿡
ѾѾҧŴҲӦ˵ѵģӦԼ˴ϱϣҪҳˣϱ϶ʨӴ󿪿ڵġ
˵棬ѾѾеί
Ԭһ±ƵؿѾѾôôʵ˵˰˵źƱ
ү룬ѾѾ˵úеҪǸղѾѾֱӳˣϱĻճһҲš
ԥһᣬ˵ϱ¾ˣԺҪٴСε飬ܲͷ㣬Ҳǡ
Ƕȥʮ顶ɣҪ˼Ҳд

Ҫҳдʮ顣
뿪ʱԬһѾѾǷӡ
ѾѾһۣҵ֪ˣٷ೭ʮġ
ԬʣҸһҪǻȥ֪ұųԺ϶Ҳҵġ
ԡ
ҾǼҰᵽҸ˸ѡ񡣡
Ԭʾ֮ԽԽɰˡ
ľӭ˹ϻţⶼܺ
ͣѾѾǰС㣬ġ
Ԭ۾һ⣿һǸҵ𣿡


373  ʧ

Ԭ۾һ⣿һǸҵ𣿡
ľޱҡͷǣǸСġ
ĽϾȻдš
ѾѾЦеؽӹľϵţתһһػ鷿
Ԭʹͣáߡһ׷ѾѾȥ϶иҵš

ѾѾǰ棬ŷ⣬ڶţԬվ󣺡쿴ûҵġ
һȽϺŷװʮֽѾѾһһŵطÿһŵĿͷ֡
һ⣬ּĽƽʱּһǸѧдֵдһһֽĿͷǣѾѾãҽĽѣ˵Ҳʶ㣬͸дˡ
ѾѾٵطļֽһۣҲȫǸġ
Ԭ˵ûġ
žͿʼͷţȿдţĽϵž͸дռһν翴±Ѹдء
ҲǹҵˣҵĹڳɽһߣԵķ˸ǵĲ̫һҳԹĽķˣ̫óˣĽ˵ˣǼҵľ¥ķ˸ӺóԣȥǼҾ¥Էˡ
Ľ˵뿪ﲻܸһȥûϵҿԼȥġ
ҸҼ˵ˣһȥǴ棬˵Ǵӵĺӱкܶǰɣһûʱȥץ𡭡
ѾѾһһֵذŶ꣬˷ܵظԬ˵ܿҪˡ
ԬûյţҪţͳѾѾ֣ҲҪ
ð㿴ҲԸдŵģҾӦúϲѵģ˵кܶɵţɣ˵ζģ͵ԡ
ԬͷѾѾΪʲôֱ͹
Ŷ˵ˣǼ֮ǰţɶȥˣµĻûŪã´ٸдŵʱ͹ġ
Ԭʼţɵ⣺ΪʲôȥЩţ͹
ѾѾ£˵ĲóԣûǼĺóԣϲЩ
Ԭ룬еҪͿ϶óԵģ͵ͷȥˣһ߿һѾѾҪֽʣдһЩݳǿͷҽܵĲ֣ͰѼˡ
ҵˣдŵʱŲԼȥ롣
ѾѾڶĽϸţĽǸһ򣬾Ϳʼдռǡˣ˵ÿɽ飬书ҩȥԣС㽶ϷСӽӣСӡ
ʦ˵ˣٶȡ
˵Ǻ⣬ĽѾȥղҩˣֻֻϷгģгҪԼ¢ˣĽϻʾҪŪ˸Ҫ˵Ļһ˿Եʮá
ѾѾҪȳȥ飬ûȻţ
ҵÿιҪͣ죬ȥҵլӴɨһ飬Ѳľ޼һ飬ѾѾҲüŻš
óֽʿʼĬдϴη꣬ᱳˡ
ԬʿˣҲԼҪعȥݳˣ޷ǾǸָĵѾѾľ¥ԷĳȥǵĹҳţ⡣
дŽѾѾѾѾҵˣ涪ɳϷŽ߳ȥҲҪ桭

ڶʮʱϱѾ´ˣСֶŮҵÿ춼ԺȵñģΪ˷ιСֶŮﱧԼĺʱס˰ѾѾ
ѾѾѶʮùȥүӼʱ򣬶үӻСֶŮʣСֶŮȡ𣿡
үһЩѾѾֽţºȣǶʮӣҲûϸĿѾѾСֶŮ֣ϴûСֶŮСֲãණ
ѾѾջ֣Ŷ㶼ûлشҵء
үˣͷСֶŮĶϲ˲䣬˵Ȼȡ˰Сʮͽձˣռҵıǲǣ
ձ
ѾѾֹţٸԼҶԱһ£˵룬Ǳǲǲǵıˣ
ԭֻҪŮ޾ϲе̰ɡ
⧲ѾѾ̾̾
һͷſɰСֶŮ־СֶŮǱ
תյܳȥϴֹСֶŮȥұһ¡
үüͷҪˣǧˤˣˤˣˣˣ·ȥˣ䵽ˣˣõɡ
ѾѾ
Ҳˡ
ȡĺ棬ǸСӣƤСֶŮƤһãװ۵ģһͻиӡһͻޡ


374 

غӵʱѾѾûпԴġߡˣűߵ򣬱һᡣ
ǻǻطĽдŰɡ

ֿʼƽˣѾѾÿֱ裬ѧҽѧ٣СֶŮл̳ͼ˷棬ΪûлҲ飬ʱ
йɵر죬һգ۾ӭˮյӡ
ȥ귢˴ˮͱرãֻʱʱ¼ϸŵׯҡ
ﵽһƬƣΪѾѾҵׯұȱֵ˼죬ջʱҲȱ硣
ոһ죬ȫ˶Χۣˡ
ΪѾѾҵׯڴʵ̫ˡ
ǼˮϹҵģǱ˵ıϡ
д棬ѯʹүӵ֮ժһĹӣ涼ǱĴףҶĽˡ
壬ĵһĶǧ˰ɣ
Ǽˮôֵİôʹôأ
壬Ǽҵĵջ֮ܲҼҪˡ
ҲҪһ㡣
ˮûҾ͸үԤȡ
ӽˮѾѾүӵģջʱҲŷռٵԬʹһ𿴡
ԬʿĲˮǼҵȶأŲˮճôĵ㣺Ķôˮ᲻ƵûطסȻ󶼻ȥˣ
ѾѾʮ˵İɣ϶ˣһܺóԣǰĸץ˼ȥɩˣζˣеĵȵζҪǺȹˣ϶Ҳϲȵġ
𣿡
ġ
ԬĦȭҪץˣڻȥˮûи꣬Ҫȥѵġ
ڱϿһᣬܿϴ϶һո
һӣ˵Ҳȥæ
ѾѾҵȻ٣˶࣬ʱеˮոꡣ
ˮ̧ɹȳ
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Ĵ˶Ҫû˴ѾѾȥץ㣬ѾѾֻܸŴһ飬ץһѹ˵ĵڵشš
Ȼ̫Сˣ˵ҪˣҲɾ˼Ѿڵϡ
һһҲ𣿡
˺ܾõһһڣǣ˶ûģдȻд׻ΪȼûصĻĹͼ
ֻҪһЩ֣ˣͿ֪ôȻҾͲô𣿡
˵
ѾѾһҪŬȥֵĶ־
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ѾѾҲס˾
վǰ棬۰һĶصһҲƺˣæԼϵ棬ּһ˵ƺˣһһǧٶʮ
ô˷Ҳˣ˵һһǧٶʮ
Ŷ
˵һ
үӶЩţôࣿ
ҪǲŵĻԼһ顣
ѾѾ˷¼ùȥүӡ
үһᣬ𾪵˵һǧٶʮǰ࡭

ѾѾеĹӶˣٵһĶصĲһǧپʮһĶһǧٽ
һϲ£ĺ³Ҫϱ͢ȻүӸһ¡
ѾѾϿеĵطˮǿһģĥˮҲȹ죬ҪֵڶˮˣôҵˮҲҪˣôһֿ
үӾˮǴ£
Ķһǧٽˮһ껹ֲҲһһĶصĲǧ
䷹ļƻȡˣҴҵϸϡ
ѾѾүӵ·ǵҪȥץ𣿡
үӻˮյϲõУһ£˵ֶӴȥץ
ѾѾֶӶر

գԹ緹϶ʹһСܡ
Ԭʣ㲻Ҫˣ㿴úõ㣬ֱˡ
Сãһ㣬


СãҲץˡ
Сʮϲţһִܶĵ㡣
ѾѾżغҪˤ
û˵꣬Сʮȵ࣬һƨˮ
⻰ڳˣϣǻڣ


375  еСæµ

ۡ
Сʮһ޳
ѾѾæȥṦ뿪ֱӻ˼ҡ
ѾѾôôˣ㱧ŵǸʲô
Ժ׷ŴɵĶι࣬˵ҪСȥץѾѾˣź˹
ȵѾѾСʮʱŵõһʱѴɵĶӷŻصϣȥСʮ
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˵ţСʮҴҵߡ
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£Ҫűҷɷɡ
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ҪҪţһҪɷɣҪɸ߸ߡ
Сһ˵ػ֣һء
ѾѾذСһ㣺ȥϱ
и˵Ҵ᲻ڼ緹ˣҪȥ
һ仰ѾѾϷţԡҡ
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ѾѾȥһѣվھǰ棬ԽͤͤԼ֬Һ죬üۣף㲻ǣҲǰòNüͷ
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ٷű飬ǱĶ飬һβμԿ˾ˣڳȥ֪֮󣬵͵ص
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ҪμӿƾٵֶҲڴӵѧ顣
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ڵʤƼ£Ǽҳ˻ʹþƵΨһӦ̡
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ҪԬ˵ǼҪ飬ŲߺŰơ
Ͽ˶ѾѾĽһиС
ѾѾռķֳǶѾѾǰȥ
Ԭʸռ϶һš
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Ͽռ󵱼һ˸տʼ귢չòǺܺƣرǳĿˣҶ·ϻᱻû˸ʲôġ
ѾѾڹڸ̳ǿҵˣ̳ǵϢԽԽĽȥˣԽԽ˻һʮʮٵشȥȥ˶ˣЩûţҲܶ࣬ʹٽ˿˵ķչ
ֶ꣬ⷭʮӳӿ
¸£ĽǱ߳ﱸĶȼٴҲҪҵˣʱǵĿ϶õġ
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ˣи¿ѧãҪҹȥһ¿չ顣
ȥ꿪ʼѾѾѧԼһһ֮ϵһЩ˽ʱϴ裬éε
ڵҲֻѡ

棬ŲķһᣬҺ͸һϢһСӵġ
һŲе㼱еء
Ǵ˵ġ
Ųͣ£ˡ𡭡


376  񵽵Ķù˭

ˡ֮һ۵ͯ
ùãùãţʮһ˺óԵĶˡ
͸˷䣬ԡңѾѾмĸо
ѾѾվϵˮһһ·ϵ·ϵĴӣ߹ȥ򿪷š
ģر𪣬ٱͨСӸҪһЩʮһһӱסѾѾ
һըȣͣ͵Ϸ
ʮһҪСùõ·Ūˡ
ʮһæ
˵СùҪæģ㲻ҪһǲȻҾȥĸ˵Ժ˺óԵĶҪԣСƤƤ
屧ʮһıǼϵ˵㡣
ʮһƿ֣ҲҪҾҪСùñģɷɣСùֻɷɣġ
ģ
ѾѾͷһߣָʮһ֣̫ˣ㣬磬ҳȥˣҪϲŻ
ҸСùһȥ˵ˣСùôƯױ˶ϵģȥСùá
ʮһ˫ֻ裬Ҫǣơ
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̧ͷѾѾ˵·СЩʱɩһҿ㣬˵ˣӴˣͲҪȥ¥ˣƫҾȥ¥ģŪֻڼ￴СƤƤ
˶ʼ˵Ǹˡ
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һֱھ¥Ծ¥ϤһЩҲи飬Ըֱǿôһڵľ档
ѾѾѾߵԺſڣĻŲͣ£عͷƵ˵Ҳֻ˵ʵѡ
壺
ԽԽɰˡ

ѾѾһƥԼһƥͨҪСһЩģغɫǻ͸ġ
ֻһ˳ŵʱϲȥ
ϴһϮխˮȹϵһͷ򵥵
δʩ죬ģף䡣
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׿۶ʱĶһ¡
ֹҵôѾѾԼȥأ⿴ŶΣհ
˵ֻǿΣնѣѾѾܺãµģǼҵ˶ЩѾѾӣһѾѾҪˣǶġ
֪ףͻЦŽһ¡

ѾѾܺãǵĻԽơ
Ҳ֪ĽϿӻ᲻
ȥҪһʱ䣬ã˼ҲãǾ͸ˣѾѾǡС֮ͳ档
үӸոһİӡ
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һ񿴵ˣȥ˼˵¡
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ѾѾһ߳ŷһѯʣôеģ
үӺһڲ裬˵ǰһһˣĴԸ⣬˿ҪģһӸǮĴˡ
ţҲֻˣϾֻǼһֲֻ͵ģȻӵ²˵ӦҪȥģֻǵɷ沢ûǿԵҪǱִⲻĻҲ鷳
İҾõдſڣôҿԼĶЩɲҪľס
ѾѾС󿴹Ĵϵͳһ飬һҲûȷĹ涨ġ
Ҳ˵δڼ񵽵ĶܲǿƱ˹黹ʵǺģġ
үӵͷȥ
ˣɽԺԺҹˣԺҲҪչһΣǿһѧʣܲʦǽһ书˹
ɽԺﶼһȺӣԺǷӶʶʲôʿ
ֻȥǸ˵ѧ书ܸǿˡ
ѾѾν˵԰
ԹүӾҪȥ칫̶֥̫ˣѾѾֱȥ̡
Ǵɸڴ
ҲҪˣǺģѾѾر󷽵ذԼδϱݹȥԡ
ѾѾԱˣûҪ˳ӵ˱ĺƾȥԬʡ


377 ׷Ů

ԬʽѾʮˣӣΪڸϰĹϵ˲٣׳࣬ѾѾ˲һͷмֿΣԶﲻˮƽ
Ϳ˹˹ĵģںֳĵĳࡣ
ѾѾԬæžƣȻкѾѾȥ˵Ļ
˵ˣϾʮˣɫһϱͲˣԼһԶ㵽ǼǸԶ̻Ů˵ǳ˼ңͨ黭ᰮɵˡ
Ҫǣ˵ˣСϲˣպܺãҪܹȢһӾʳˡ
Ԭϲԣ䰮ʳһûб
ѾѾͷͦõİԺͲþҼҲ䷹˰ҼֶֶﶼЩˡ
ԬʿǺܺãᰮɰ˵ϲٵúõˣ˵ѧҲѧٵģŻģҪ֪ѧﵯǵüζܰģ϶Ͳϲˡ
Ԭڶϻǿţǵ棬һ츳ûС
ѾѾҲԬͬɱһЩǣ㲻Ȣˣ
ҪҰ㲻ĵ𣿵ʱһؼңҪǡ
ѾѾȻϲ٣غϲٰټźƵٵòźƵմ̼غѹ£ӦĽ˵Ǿ仰ڵĺ츳
һСľͳΪغĵӡ
ԼûʲôоģЩغԼ˵ġ
غѧ˹ݣٶѧˡ
ԬʵļƻѾѾšüԥ
ԥˣǿĺҮѵҪҵҸڲ𣿡
Ԭ˵갧ԹؿѾѾ
ѾѾһͷϣѧҼңûҼÿ
ʹģ
ԬʹᶼðˣԴȥȥ𣿡
ѾѾֱۣƤ񶼿ˣȥȥҪǱˣҿɲ㣬ԼҪġ
ûû£ᱻ𴩵ģҶ׼ˣҪǸòĻͲˡ
ѾѾ˸ۡ
𻳱һʱ䣬˵ȥǱ߿Ȼٹһȥҡ
ԬǰͰˣǰԬʿţԬүһϲͰԬеĲҵԬˣȥԬʵǸŵԬСͳȥס
Ԭ˲ΪԼȥģΪԬʶȥģͽԬүҪԬүӴӦԬҵļҲԬСûаϵ
ԬүҲӦˡ
ѾѾҪȥ飬ҪҪ·¡
вԶûһ͵ˡ
óһ׼õ·߱ѾѾ˵Χ϶ȥڸǣɽǱߵˣֻϷһߵ˹˵ϣǱҲһ·
Ǳձ鶼̫ˣûҲҪȥ㿴ҪҪ˵ģǱһ·
ǰǸΪ˰ܹԼӶóѾѾΪôҶ߸Զ·һӦҪ
ֻڵȴ˵ĽǶȥϾǼģֲƵģ¿϶Ҫܲ׬ӡ
磬˿ж٣ƽô
ΪﶼǴɽӶ࣬٣˿ڲ࣬ȥȫžʮ˼ңǵĵ٣ҶɽϵģܻǺܻأزʣӽˮҲͲܱ֤Լ±ѡ
Ӧûжʣˡ
ǾͲǱߵ·ҪҪȥģȥһС
Ժֳס˿һǧµĵطǾͲ·ˣҪĵͽĵطȥͳɣ׬ӻӪġ
ס֪ˣˣỹҪȥҪǲȥĻ͸һؼҰɣǸˣҸˣһؼȥҶܾûȥСʮˣ͸ø˵ģͲһˡ
ˣһҪȥһԬʼң顣
ѾѾͷȥ·
ûע⵽üͷ
ҲСˣǸԬһá
û°ҸԬʾͨѣǴСģû˻˵лġ
ѾѾָ·ͼϵһط磬ҾÿӼĽǱ߽ȵȼٴŪˣ϶ܶ˻ȥġ
ѾѾתƻˣֻ֪š

ԬʼңѾѾŹٶƫ棬е㻳Ԭʣȷᱻ֣


378 ȥ

ռңѾѾ⣬ҪôǱȽϳٶۣҪôǿñȽϿһ㶼ǳν̬ȡ
ϸүҲ˵ѾѾ
һǾѾѾҪֶӰԼãѾѾĨھˡ
һѾѾûзִġ
ѾѾ£ͲˣֻѾѾſڵĵʱЩơ
ѾѾԬʼҵʱԬʵıûûԬСҲڼҡ
ԬʰŹٶ㵽ƫ棬ƫǰһܹ١
ѾѾе㻳Ԭʣȷᱻ֣ԬСȷƻ
ԬСײԬסˣԬСסԬҵģѾѾԬҼΣÿζᱻԬСĵ̫Ը
Ԭʮţ϶ûģҲҰųȥˣһһǧƱڿ϶ȥǸ̳ˣûʮµĻز
ѾѾΪָϱǷѾ˼ˡ
øԬСƱˡ
˭֪ԬҵĽϵ͵İܵ׬𣬵һٶӵƷҪܺüµӲŹġ
ԬʻϽԬСÿʮӵԬүӾֻܴԼ˿۵㻨Ǯʡ¼ģĵظԬСˡ
ԬҵڶԬʹܣԬүÿµĿҲԬϸס
һǧԬСܸü˰ɣ
ԬʵѾѾڿٺ١ЦЦ
ѾѾ˸ۣȻ˹ˡ
϶ˣȳȥˣԼﲻҪ˵ţٶְ
Ԭ˵꣬Ҵææܳȥ
ѾѾȱŹĶ
˰
ԬһȥԬ˴ıĸŮ
Ԭ˸ǻܶԷãĶҸ˵ˣʣҸ˵ı̣ıĶմӻǱ߸Ϲģȴҽȥɡ
̣Ķã
Ԭæкǽȥ
ͬʱĵشãüͷȻĶһ㶼ûѾѾģûѾѾÿûѾѾĺãͱѾѾˣûûѾѾߡ
۾ҲûѾѾĺÿƤûѾѾİף·ҲȲѾѾġ
ã˵ĳպܺãһʤѾѾģΪѾѾѳˡ
֮ǰһũæʱ򣬴ǶûѾѾöˣѾѾԸȥˣĲ֪ʲôѳˣܳˡ
һѾѾĹҲỨӸǵ˵ʲôԼĶֳ⣬Լ˸⡣
ģǸⱲӳԹѳԵĵ⡣
һĵ⣬ǶԵ衣
һˣһ볤棬һֿ࣬ζĳ档
ñꡣ
Թ˿־塣
ʼͬѾѾδɷˡ
ӶѾѾյԹлعԬרĵһ׵С
Ķ֪˵ʲôͻȻߵؿ磬ĶҪ㵯٣𣿡
εεģȳĶˣԬһļƤ뵽ѾѾǸزĳգڣԣеˣĶó˵ã֪ĶǷٷҳأ
Ϊ飬ۼΪʵΪԼθ룬Ԭĳӷ˰١
Ķɫ㶡
Ȼû뵽͵ģȻᱻֱӰȥҪǡ
ĶߵؿԬˣĶױϲȻԸġ
ֻĶղûдѹҪŪˣ»ʧǡ
û£ҼҳбõΧȹףֻҪϾͲŪˣȥãԬ
Ԭһ֣ĿĴԬһΧȹػһñӹ
ԬЩΣӵӻҪģ˵ȻǾͷĶȥһٷˣҲҪա
ĶһԼף֣˵̶ô˵ˣȥɣҲȥ㡣

Ķױ˴ȥˡ
ԬûԬʵԴ
⺢ôÿȥأسǣ˭ҵĴ֮ġ
Ԭֱ׳˵ҿصĳգֲˣҪǲǲĻˣһŷĳոѾѾһҲͺڶˡ
ᵽѾѾ
ĥŻȥҪԬЩʲôԵġ
ѽ˭һûмﰡ⵱ҷġ
ѾѾ׸ɩǾģǼҾͲó
Ԭˣ


379 ʶ

Ԭ˵ԬʣĶĸоô
ǸŮģޣҪĳĸ˵ǾͿȶˡ
Ԭν˵ţ۾ĵ棬һۣƫﶼǼҵˣܹȥѾѾ˵
˰ɣҪҵٸˣɲ˯ˡ
ѾѾһۣΪ㰡ô׾˯š
ԬѾѾ߹ѾѾôôŸ٣
ô
ԬʵһԬˣѾѾǹҵģֲǲ֪ҵգҪѾѾңĶôƵҡ
Ԭõһ֣ҵıأ
ԬһֱӵĽּ᳹ףʱһӡ
Ԭض㵽ѾѾһͷԬ˵ҪұﶼҵĻһҵˣҾͻѾѾ˵Ǹʲô֢ġ
֢ҿԼȥɱˣﲻҪ𣿡
ԬصԬʣñˣ˵ˣٴ㣬ʡһ쵽Щƭˣ滳㲻ҵĶӣѾѾһ棬ѾѾһõĶûѧҪѾѾһôɣҾھҲˡ
ԬʿһѾѾͬеصͷҪѾѾһôϷҲҵҪڷˡ
Ԭ˲ԬˣѾѾЦеؿȻ̧֣һȭĶϡ
Ƶúܺãֻʹϡ
ԬʡɱĽ
Ԭһͷ亹תȥǷŷ硣
ǼҵƫԱ߾Ƿܽ߹һȾǳˣҪƫŪ̫ĶǱҲġ
Ԭ˵վſ
ſſĶ׸ǴѾһ鳯Ժȥȥŵķ
ֵֹţڳôȻأ
ǹ߾ˣԬţͷĵ߻ȥˣ˳ԬʰЩϵĵĹȥѾѾԡ
ѾѾ»ᱩ¶ˣͰԬʸϹȥԬš
Ԭ˿Ԭʣֿ棬̲ס̾
⺢ӶѾѾʶôʱ䣬֮զûȼʲôأ
ѾѾ⺢ӶðƯòسǶһģεεģһ˾Ҫú۰
ֺãһǸһġ
ҪԬȢѾѾԺûʮ˸ӣеİɣ
ϧϧ
Ԭʿ̾ǲҪѾѾ￪Щڵҩأ
ǰЩѾѾ׸ڵʱӣϲʱʱ̾Ȼ󷢷Ƣ

ʱ֮ĶףǴѾ߶һɫζȫЩʶĲ˹
ǰ˱ѼҸǼҳѧģǼǱߵɫˣҾҵԵģܲţҵܵϲԵġ
ÿһˣĶЦеĽһ¡
ϤĲϤζƮ棬ѾѾ̾ԬⱲӵĺʶˣʱĺһء
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ԬˬվߵǰĹǰ¡
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Ϣľ֮Ȼ
ĶѧٵģȻĸļɣѧѧġ
˵ֵʱǵɣȵϡ»
ġ͹ˮϷһݽĽϣơڷۣ֮ŭ֮󡱡

һˣƫڵ˶ֵ⾳С
ĶȷӦ


380 ײ

ĶȷӦ鲻ԽعƣſԬʵĿⶼЩһˡ
磬㵯ãѧ
Ԭվ߻ȥԬ˱ţһ㶼ǫ˵̫ûˣЩ裬Ȼܸá
ѾѾ
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Ķ˫۸ˣϲѣֽߵؿ׵˵ͷ
Ķ׸Ԭ˶˼Ȼͬ׮¡
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ǰ˵ǵ£ԬǻΣҪ֧ǡ
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ΪһĳԻ滨ӣԬڵõƼȨ֮󣬾ڼﻮһƬĿյسյظĳũ
ѾѾֵģĶŪһЩҪţΪţʹãɱģҲҪŪһԻʱһƬţųԣζˡ
ĶվԬʵĻˣ˵磬ǲǲŸճ극𣿡
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Ķ磬Ҹ극еۣǺ߶Ǿɡ
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һ飬ǸĶǰɣź㣬ܵܵٵһ㶼ãոʵڵģƭġ
ʲôĶŵؿԬʣ˵ǲģ
Ԭ˫ְԺͷν˵Լῴ
鶼¶ˣ˵ˡ
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ѾѾŹеߵǸոŵӱϣһſ£˿ϵĵģе⣬ее̢һ̢˹سţǿϷһǡ
Ķ˳òôģ̬˵Ҳˣ߰мؿԬʣû˵ܵǸģ㣬ԬʣĸݵǸˡ
ѧʲУҲһ㣬ֻӻӣƾģҪΪǱõĹϵҶܹء
ЦһҪ˵ĵӣ綼뺰һû뵽Ҳôײͣٶ˶ģ˳ֻܵͭζ˶ѡ
һģһ
֪ҵǸʲôҵǵةҲҡ


381 ү

ɣھʶܶҪܸϵϵԺǼҾھҲһϯ֮ء
ǳĿԬʼǰԬʵİá
ɳԬټҲ
Ķ˲ͺƲԬˡ
ԬС˫ֻվһԣؿԬʡ
ȻʲŮȥةŮڴˮƯ˰ɡ
ԬǾûĶڳĻһֻǰ˵ѾѾǸ
ߡĶмؿһѾѾһӣҲǸ
ž
Ԭֱ̧һƴĶϡ
Ǹ
ɫˡ
ô˵ңҲܣұҵĶӣҾˣ˭Ҳ˵ѾѾ
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ĶˣԬʣ㾹ȻҴң
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ҪΪİͽҲҪװģˡ
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ĶԴԼ׺棺ҪǸҴңҾõ˰ץȥشΡ
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У˵úûһ˵˶ƱˣƱõֽô⣬רٱҵ˶˰
ûˣԬֱһ鵰ˣѾѾԡ
ԬСԬʾȻһ㶼ģѾѾ˵ЦԵģתˡ
Ԭ˿Ԭ̾˿ʼĶĸŮ顣
ǼȻ֪ǼûİãϲʳӦҲ֪ǱҴС򵽴˰ɣӶҴϺܶˣǿǸѾѾǸأñӴأ
Ԭֿʼʹ˦޴󷢡
Ķȷʵ˵Ԭʾᱻ飬ֱĶŵǰ棬ӶӲˣۿӿҪˣæ˵ԡԲ𡭡
ҡҲú˵ġ
ѾѾ̧˰ɣҸԬҲзƭǵģһ˳£ͷ߰ɡ
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桭
Ԭĺмɵһ˳¡
ǰԹƨ뿪ʱ򣬴Ԭܽ˵ӣˡ
ԬæϵĵģǼһô˰˵
ĶĶŲסǸ


382 ӣ

ȵȣ˵غ𣿡
Ķס˴Ԭ
Ԭոճȥһᣬ֪ƫڷ飬Ķͻشǣغǽǹӵٵ
Ķס˼ʣ˵ʲô˼𣿡
Ԭ֪ĶΪʲôҪôʣ˵ǰϲҹӣǹӲǺܻӭÿοҪġ
Ķɫúѿؿڣôܣ
ǲǶڴֻϲٵúõôܻϲԬٶҪٵˡ
Ķֱ˫ȷѾϡ
غúܿ죬һͺԬأ
ȻһתԭѾѾҲãѾѾʦɣʦѾûгԵ㼸ɩĵˣ㿴ҶˣԬСҲǵģÿһ֪ˣͻ˰ѵߡ
춼ûҵĳԡ
Ķɫ԰ףǡ
غھǺܳ˽ڴĻҪغϹϵʶǵĴԿٸ⻨˴ǮȥغĻ
֮ǰͰǻøһϳغ
Ԭʺ죬Ǹӵʦ
غֻǰչһӣȻ
ĶȻոյѾѾġ
ȻתԬʸѾѾ磬ѾѾղŵ鶼ᣬǵǸ
ѾѾɫǳͿ͡
ĸһ֡
򵥴ֱĶ׻ǵѾ߳ȥ
ɱסҪ˵Ļ
غɻؿѾѾѾͷѵһˡ
ѾѾƲƲ죬ֻܲҪѶѡ
Ӳܸѣķ滹ܹסǵġ

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֪ߵĺ˵ЩʲôϷŻЦ⣬ŨŨüëҲһֱЦ⣬ģҹ¡
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صɽĽʯ棬С˵Сӣ˵ȼٴ忪ҵʱǸ
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ˣ˵ҲһȥǸдš
Ҫˣ϶ᱻסģǱ꿴׵ʱһֱƯؽһο˵۾գˣҿɱ˧ˣˣʱѾͷ϶޲ǻŮһ
ңǰøһЩС
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غڳɹشסѾѾһΣƤҪؼңѾѾûа취͸Ԭʼҡ
ҪԼ£ȥҼҳԵĿԣٱҸȥҫټˣҪȥαӦǰѣͷ
ĻҪͷһһ²ܽҼš
ͷȥʲôѣϸ˵ȥʲôɣʲôģͷԼǸ޼ҿɹˣװʧסǼˣʲôɡ
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غĸָѾѾ֤ҷһġ
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ռңСʮǸβһܹѾѾϡ
СãҪɷɡ
á
ѾѾԾܾʮһҪɷɵҪȴûܾСʮġ
غѾԼܽȥҵĳˣѾѾСʮṦڴһȦȥѧõʱ򣬿ѧѧӻûлؼңڡһһذκӡ
СʮȥѧõĲٳϡ
أźƾ˹
źѾʮˣԽԽǴˣ䲻żҴˡ
żҴ˴඼ΪˣձɹñȽϺڣźƤ𪣬ĹһţȷǷ
˵ȥˣ鶼æ𣿡
ţæòˡ
ѾѾͷٳϵһȺˣʲô
źǳǳЦţӦ׼κӱѧ֯˰κӱʮҪ㼸ֶֶŮ𣿡
ѾѾûлشСʮ;֣СʮҪ棡Сʮ϶ùھģ


383   ֵ

ѾѾû˵Сʮ;֣СʮҪ棡Сʮ϶ùھģ
źСʮԴѾѾĻش
СʮҲͷڴؿѾѾ
ѾѾЦСʮ֣İɣǿԲμӱ첻ѧ֮ıԣ
ûģҸ˵һУʱļֶҪٷֶӡ
ź˵ţԽԽãҲԽԽֵСʮüͷ˵Һܾûˣұɡ
ѾѾСʮݸ˵ԽԽˣҲ֪ǲǸԬˣøһˡ
źƿѾѾ˦˦ֱۣšüģСֵɰôĺˣҪԼߣȹǷãҲãþŵġ
СʮѾѾ˵֣һֱѾѾ
ź˵ҪԼߣͻعͷźƣҾҪСùñҷɷɣҪ߸ߡ
ھҪСùñźǻˣҲҪź屧
СʮֽŲõźƻ
κֹСùñɷɵ˶ǻˣ͸ҪСùõʮһһǸ󻵵
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˵ţźƾСʮﵽĲϡ
ṦһԾȥ
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źҲˣϾҪˣżҴ壬ֱӾסѧ档
ռҵԵñȽԷʱ۶ɵ£ɳ׵ڵռ˵Ҫˡ
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ţǾͺã극֮ٵķһ˰ɣָһ·ǳߵʱ㿴·еˡ
ЦеؿѾѾԽԽԼĹŮÿЩۡ
ѽһҵģɱԼۻˣϵܽ㼸ֶģͽȥʲôΪģ㿴һҿʲôˣôˣ֪ѧһ㡣
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ѾѾȥԼԺӣڸĽдţڶȼٴ忪ҵԼȥ£Ȼ
ͣϢԺӸԺ֮Χǽϡ
Ժ棬ʮһ廹ûлӦĴԺСʮСһ档
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һԺӣûˣ˽ȥ
⻰һдСʱодúܲ⣬ȡдΪֹϼ


384 

ѾѾҪȥ
ѾѾһۣ˲佩סһҲҶ
һһ˵ʲôأ
ϴŵҹ²ϻӦò͵ģҼҪ͵ģӦöǼҵ˽⣬֪ǼֵǮĶԺӲŶԣҸоӦþֱԺӶġ
ѵΪʲôʱ񵽱˺ҪĶˣ
˽Խ࣬ѾѾ֪Խ
һֱˣҲһЩ顣
ǻٻһЩѱЩѱǲеģԼٲ֮ء
һһҪȥ𣿡
ȥǳȥˡ
͵ǳλóϾרҵġ
ѾѾΧǽ
ǳĸѾѾʱѾйעԺ顣

ѾѾظĽдʮֽᵽ֪Ķȼٴڰ³쿪ҵϲ֣ҶҪĶȼٴ棬ȥףһ
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Ϊǵĳһ첻ϯǵĳʽǻһӶź
ʹ֮˾Ϊ֪㶮ҵģȼٴĿҵʽȻ޷ϯһȡԺȼٴÿһҪҶֵġ

˵һҲǺҪ飬ϵİ˲ζˣǱǻУЩǧ˲ΣҲǿµġ
ҵԺѾʰɾˣҼ㲻ԹȥҲ˰Ѹŵ¹͹
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⼸أ𣿷ֱ𶼶ˣ
ճѾѾΪʲôҪЩһһشţһǶʮ꣬ûгס
аɣȥɡ
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£
Ȼ˵ǸɵɵߵˣҪȡ֣ǲǵöǸΣ
ѾѾۺɩԱӣԼܱ°õĶɩ

һת۵˰κӱ졣
ѧó˵һ⣬֮ÿ궼ʮţеѧѧ֮ǰزѧ֮κˡ
ѧһٳĽѧһһ࣬ѧÿһ궼ҪһΣѧֱӴǰĶʮˣ˽ٶˡ


385 Ҿòɹ

κӱһ죬ѧõѧϯˡ
ѧõ˾ʧٵغԭУҽҵ򵽺˽ѧҽͷ⣬˶ͦġ
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Сֽ˼ͱóѾѾ˵ѾѾȥѧõʱЩȥǼǼСûܳȥˣ˵ʲôȥϰ˵һҪµһ緹ԣ治֪õһ
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Ǽһ͸һôԶ֪ģ㻹ҪСʮɣҿСʮûôģٽȥǼһЩӣ󼸸ɣĽӻʣ˲١
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СʮڿźƵʱѾǻѾѾùˡ

ʼٳϵǺںŸ
ѾѾСʮȥǵıվĵطб̫ԽԽǿʱ
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岻֪źһеģΪʲôҪɡվûڿǺܴرʮһŲӰ¡


386 

ѧõѧԽԽ࣬кܶǽ˸߶ѽϵĺӣѾѾҲôѧãѧʶ˾Ͳࡣ
ʱϲԼеϵ˵ı˵ԼѣԼˣԼʶˣǸԼͬˣͻ᲻֪ø˭á
ǼΪѧ֮ĵһѧͶһ棬ＸѾѾѧʶˡ
ڿǵı֮ѾѾʮһֿһı˫ĲԱɨӣûһʶġ
һᣬ͵ĶûУͲˡ
Сʮ˵ùãȥź塣
š
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Сʮһ˵Գܲ⣬ϾͿʼߴѾѾ߿һЩ
ʮһԼ̬ͳԲˣæĻͷ֣ŽţҲҪԣҲҪԡ
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Сʮܲ⣬Ҳû͵ѾѾź˵ʳ˵ţҲԸȥ𣿲ȥڸĸǣжͯ԰Ҫȥͯ԰棬ϴιùôȥһΣ˵Ұҹ˯֮󣬾ͲԸٴȥˡ
СʮȻСɶЩúĵ飬Ǽǵúġ
ʮһܲҲˣԼĶ䳰ЦСʮףߣô˻򴲡
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壺
Ӿӵġ
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κӱӦýˣǹȥɡ
źƴΣ˿Сʮʮһ
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壺ұ֤㣡
ʮһŲ
һɡ
ѾѾڡ
£źưˡ

СʮǱˣļɸǰϵļͬѧһ桭


387 ûнչ

Сʮʮһֱ𱻷飬ոջమĽ˲־ѡ
СʮƵؿʮһ˵ߣ϶ҵġ
ʮһҲʾػСʮߣҵ˵ˣкӵǱŮӵĴ󣬴Ӯ˿϶ҡ
ܣӮ˿϶ҡ
ңӮҡ
ңŲ㡣
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ѾѾ
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ʮһڽо˫ֽî˾Լķ
СʮҲî㾢Ҫ
Сڶǰ棬ȻȻĿĶ󣬱ڿ˶ɤź
Сͣ
С˧ͣ
ȻֻСһģҲǶüۣƴѽקѽ
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ѧȫ延ԵʮһҲŻ

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ΪôҿԵõ߲ˮӣֻܴطĸӽˮйص£ȥүӻϴۡ
ͨӽķʽˮӴ״״һ𣬾˳һ꣬εоڽ״ȶӽˮˣϵͳṩӲһģһ
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˷ӽˮӵҲѾѾҵҪ֮һ
ˮӵķֻռ֪Ϊ˲й¶ȥѾѾѵʱ¼гԸʵ̵ֽŶ浽ϵͳ档
Ϊˮʳʳǹҵĸ϶кܶ˺ܶڴӽˮ⡣
ѾѾشүӵ⣬˵ͷţѾɸѡˣûġ
ǵǰץǶԹͯķޣ˵ЩСҵЩСʧʱһʮ˰ɣʮǵĵ϶ǵġ
˵ӣүӾüͷҵҵʱѾһʬˣǸʧʱһ͸Ӳˣ߶ʱһңǼµ͡
ǱȥǱ˾ȻȥˣҲʲôǵˣʱôˣǵھӿҲǵʲôˡ
ѾѾףҲǣֻţ¼ܹÿİɡ
үѵûһδӣܶ˵ѾѾڱϱ˳㹧άһᣬЩģȻؼȥˡ
ص뵽ոոү˵ӣֽ滭˵ǸСӤϿͼ
һͼ
˷ӻα̥ǣŪͼ̥ͬǣ̥ǻϾǸǲζ̥ǵ˾ͺпǵʧˣ
ʮһ˽


388  Ŷ

ǰץǶԷޣһʼʲôԸ˵ֻԼץһСӤѡ
ϣԽػǸ֮ǰʧٺͯйϵ
ѾѾȥʱ򣬾͸ѾѾһ¡
ѾѾ뵽һڻϿİ취
µʱ䣬ǶԷ޶صһܱյķ棬ÿģû˯һһر³֪顣
ԭŻҴʮǰʼڸعͯ
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ѾѾֽϵĺͼع
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洫ѾѾεЦЦշ±ʣʮһƿܽ鷿￴һȦҵѾѾյֽܹŲõѾѾá
Сùãˣôʮһ棬ȥʱʮһں溰㣬һҪʮһģܱ㡣
ʮһԲСЩίؿѾѾ
Сùÿһȥ棬ֻܸĵˣһһ㶼棬ˣŸҶĻ棬๫ӣӾͻ๫˵ġ
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СʮۡһˣҲҪźһȥμԣȻһ˽

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392 ô

ѾѾʱ򲢲֪ᷢ飬ϲûдҩ
ҲϾ˻ؼȥҩϾкܶ˻ûûȷ
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ȵһˣѾѾվ˵ǴĵҶ鿴ˣ˰ͶۣһȥЩͶôȥǣֻҪЩʱ䣬ôҵҲҪЩʱ䡣
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ѾѾεرʮһ˵ıӣ˭ģ
ԭͽҰǾŸҵģҶĻϾġ
һԽãΪ˶øĸȫĳ谮ͻڸĸǰ˵ĻøĸĲõ飬ĳɹˡ
ĸĸеĳ谮Ľϳˡ
Ҳý㱻ϳţҪСùֻһҾѧСùǰ˵Ļˣԭͽ䣿
֪ǲõģԺ󶼲ˡ
ѾѾ
ȥûվɵĻˣһкӿĶЩʲô߰顣
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Ҫű˵˵˵Ļ𣿾СùѳԣҲҪСùõ˵СùòڵʱŸ˵СùҲ𣿡
ѾѾᣬȥɡ
Ϲ˵ʲôʵ
ѾѾʮһ⣬תȥϷš
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394 

£ͷĳظʮһ˵֪Ϊһʲôѵ𣿡
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һе㰫ŮˣҪ˵С磬һ³ŮˣҪ˵иԡ
ѾѾҪȥԷˣ򿪷š
ʮһ˵һ룺Сù˺ѳԣҪúܶ𣿡
ȻѾѾˣæĿڣǣǣСùóôƯƤôãôᣬôƽ⣬õĹùˣҲ˵ʵҪ˵úһ𣿡
ѾѾһӾͱʮһЦˣƨ
Ȼȥǣ֣һȥԷɡ
ں棬ĵؿԼһۣСһԺһˡ
ƨıʤ
ֲƾԵһŮ޿صռҲɱһѪ·
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үӻûȥϣ͵һ϶ִǰɣôຢӵ棬ӳӶ̵ģҲ֪ô
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ѾѾСʮиһ⣬³ͷӦѾȥˣ㻹ȥһ˺Ǳߣ˳Ҫô⳥Щ¼ܺˣɶˣܿҲˣԺǱ߾㸺ˡ
дơľƻҪ͵ʹȥģ͸ҪעһЩˣ磬Ҳȥˣڴ￴š
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ǰĵĴӸӣΨһһ
ѾѾŴҶ˯ˣȥ˰׼Ҵ塣
׼Ҵ岻ԶҰ׼ҴҲвȥֶӽˮҶ˺ӣҲܶ˽ש߷
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˵լð¸ӽġ
ѾѾһֱֻ̬ȡ
ΰ£Ǳų޵ģôãżҵȥǽӡ
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ѾѾһ£ϳǼƵӵݶɹȥ
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ݶƬݶϷ־꣬Ϊ˷ˮݼܵĶľ˳ľϹҴӡ
ľ϶壬塢Ĩ࣬ߡ
ݶתǲλ۽ǲλҪݼݼߣܺϷ죬Կˮ
Ҫ񻰱վݶϾһƬܿĳǼǲܵģѾѾֻݶϣã˻᲻˵Ҫ˵Ļ͵һЩ
Ҳ֪ãµá
ڸ˶Ի
˵εֵˣ׬ɣܶһռҵˣǲҪЩʲôʱ¾ͺˡ
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һӦҿӾˮɣˮճɺãҿԶּĶء
Ĵĸܿܵ˵ȥȥȥҪˮԼȥˮĲôߣ۸񶼵ˣ˭ۻػȥˮȥ
Ҫģ˿˵ˣֻҪȥѧǵĶôģͻҲһҺģʱǼҲˣǵö磬ҿﻹ˭Ʋǡ
ߣǸΪԼ޸ռҾͶˣȵռұ֮ҿԲˡ
ЩˣҲô˵ôҵֶŮɩߵʱ򽻴Ҫչ˺ġ
УҪչԼȥչˣûϵ

ĵϨˣѾѾû˵ڰ飬֪鱳ˡ
ԺǣȻشȥ


395  ѾѾҪ

һ磬СʮʮһһǣСһһߣѾѾķš
Сùãˣ̫Ҫɹƨˡ
СùãˣȻҪ緹ˡ
СţСһҪɷɣСһɷɡ
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Сùãүү˵ˣȥС͵ģǻᱻץġ
漸ֶֶﻹ˵ͣ
ѾѾյȵôһ죬˭˵
СֻŵȻ˵ˣһᣬСʮֿʼСùãǲ˯ȥ˰ôô˵ŮҪ̫ĻԺͼ޲ȥˣһֱڼǻӵġ
ԣСùãкӣҲϲ̫ĹñһĹĹȢһֲĸһԣʲôá
СţСһȥˣСһҪɷɣù˵ˣźҪϰ׼ԣǲȥСڼûʲô£ǾСˡ
ҪˣҪˣٳҾ˰ǵͶϡ
ѾѾӰ׼ҴѾʱˣǳʱһҪ˯ʱС
ڲ˯ʱͱѣɱˡ
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ѾѾ˲ö徻ˣӣԼøʵһЩϾ˯˹ȥ
ռլ棬ѵڳ緹֮󣬾͸һ߻
һɫĲƥһԧ죬Ǹɳ׵ʱףڱЩڳ׵ĵջŮǼױ
Ů׵ջɵΪ׼Ĵɫģ˼ͼıӣԢŮ๫ܹ֮ĹһӣܹһӶܼͥҸͰ
ЩӵԼĻͼҲǳ˫ɶԵģػĽأһּõԢ⡣
СҲ߻һӣҲҪȵɳ׵͸ġ
ϻѾѾ˵ѧŮ飬ס̽ͷ⿴ѾѾʲôʱˣôûйòҪƵѧ˰ɣɲˣһһƣȥҪ׵ʱˡ
ĻʱȥѧŮ찡İҹȥڵˣôöû
ЦͲõˣҸ˵ˣСʮһȥ𴲣ûˣ˯ţҿĺܿˣŶѾͷôæģҿ˯һɡ
СҶһ룬͵ɲ˵СôƯôϲǶܴǼſŶŵȥˡ
ҪԺ˭Ȣҿ˶أ˭ΪŮȥ
˵Сô㣬Ժʲô˲ҪҼҶˣҿ϶ǲеġ
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Ҳ֪ڳʲôˣСʱͺÿӦþ͸ÿ˰ɣ˵СҲǾͨŵģ˸Ҳã˵Ժһ顣
СȾİԵϢ
˵Ľϣüͷƺ˲ߵİɣ̫ˣѾѾǲУҪԺʲôˣǿɲͿѾѾˡ
ҿԬͦģҲ񣬻ܳԣһͺãҪǾϣڴҲзӣʱܻסҪѾѾ޸ˣԺ⵱ҪҲ㡣
ܵڸȥˣһѾѾҲȥôԶһ⺢ӱ۸ˣǼҲʲô֪
˵߻ȫͣˡ
׵ļ¶ǹҴСͿʼԼģѾѾ⺢·ᣬͱ˵ˣ»ǵҵ۾ҲУҵȥȥȰѾѾļ¸ȡ
⸮ǵĲӦñϵҪһЩҪǸǵ۾ʹǿͳȥڸǱһ¡
ˣǼҲЩˣȥ׼»˶ôģúѧϰѧϰ
ϰߴϸСϣ·ѾѾҪһ


396 ֳ

ϰߴϸСϣ޲ϾȥϣϾȥǣϾȥѻ϶ȻϰѼ¸ãͷ·ѾѾҪһ
ϸС˶һ£εЦЦ
֪СһѾѾߵ˱ȥˣҲģֱȥϡ
Ȼ˭ʺѾѾķ
ѾѾ൱ָѾѾñȽϺõģǾþֻĽϸԬˣѾѾķ֮ѡһ
ѡǳֳĵԬʣϸС϶һ°ƱͶСʱͳúƯѾѾǽͯŮһ㣬ڲ֪ʲôԬʡ
ĳľҪѾѾҪʱݳģ֪ܶܡ
֪ѾѾϸԬڼҪ׵顣
Ů˻ԬʲʺϵѾѾķԬףҪѾѾæֺŮӵ˵
ԭһ֧ƱԬʣ˲һƱûˡ
ԬСڸʲôȻƲѾѾҪȥұĹҳףԺȢѾѾҲܹȢ
ˣ˳㻹ʱڲԬʵǼ͵ġ

ѾѾ˯ʱˢϴ׼ȥ緹СʮǾͻˡ
ǲٲѾѾˣǲǳһغš壬컹һ𣿡
壬Һܹԣǲÿ춼һˣ
壬ˣҲԸһѧ书𣿡
ѾѾһԼֱ˵ĸо˽Ǹ϶ȥģڿܻˣѾѾ뵽ˡ
Ȼһ˵Сңˣơˣܶ˺ľƾͿʼʹѪѪģЩ˵ļˡ
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Щӵ˾͸Żص˴
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ŵһ£˵˾Ͳ٣ѾѾɫ˳ÿȥͷ
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˵ǵľ⣬Ǻȹ֮ǶʹѪģǵļڶڴϣǾѰǸһˡ
˵ʲô£ǼľôܻⰡЩ˾ҪҲҪҸһɰ
Ҫû飬ѾѾҲЩ˿ۺǵɵģǷ˺֮ѾѾͲҵˡ
ˣ½ȴŶǽȥˣѾȥʦˡ
϶һ¾ͼˣЩ˶һģҪôһСѾͷҿ㻹ǸϽȥｻˣô⣬ҾͲҶá
㻹ǸϽȥɣ϶ῴغ棬ǽȥ˺ġ
϶ſֵѾѾǰ棬ѾѾޱְ˹Լ߹ȥ¶ǰһ˵ȰơĶңǵҲ˵ˣһǵľƳ⣬һӦеĲġ
ҲҪ˺ǵԱƻǵĻҲȥűҪ⳥ʧ⳥Աҽҩѡ

ƣ·лһ㣬㹻ס˵Ҫ⳥顭ǱסˣͬʱҲˣΪǷ΢侲һЩ
ȻŹˣìͷ׼ѾѾ
ĶҶСӵ飬ֻҪǾƵ˶֪û˻ѾѾĻ


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СңǲôΰɣǾ¥Ķǵ˺ȳˣòʲôܰɣ
ΪֻԱ٣ҲһԱٵģҵҪõ˾ǻǻǰǡ

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Ӧö˵ڵ˾ǵĵǲǣҲӦ˵ġ
ٵĶϧԼëҲԸǵ顭
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˾ʹͷ˵ãˣҪøϽһǵļڶڼҪΪκǣ˵ǴѧһܺõĴҪǸȥơ
ͷѧκ˺ܶ񼲵ѧѾ鿪кܶ˶֪顣
ѾѾͷԣʦȥǵβҲȥѧҽѧҲȥæ
ʦѾˣϣͬʱҲһЩЩǺȳľóҪ鿴ǲ⡣

ͷˣѧҽѧ˰˿ڣѾѾ˸ǻؼȥþƻиβ
Ϊ˷˽ͨȥĵһ˸һ˿ʱǶһȥģǵļƻȷһ˵⣬ôҶһ¾ʲôҪôơ
ĲҪ״һǾͲҪ⿪ҩ͸һ˿ҩһС
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ĽǶȿȥԿϵƤ촽ЩϣճƶӦж˵ġ
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ѾѾԴٵתš
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ǰһҪȣҪһ
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ѾѾ֪һһͲܵģ񵱳ѧҽûѧҽûϵͳ̳Ƕһҽйص鼮ʱһһȫҽġ
ֻа϶ѡ
ǵʼѧϰҽҶһҽ鼮֮Щ֪ʶͻԶһһĴԣһһŻЩġ
һһҲҪȹص룬Ż֪ôơ
ѾѾܿһȻԱ˵ӵҸʦˣֻж˹ƣⶫܽ⣬Ҫʱȥ׼ٵ죬֮ҿ϶뵽취
ʱ䲻ѧϰһһ룬ϵͳ̳һҪĶˡ
ڵĻֺܶܶ࣬Ϊӽˮƹҽ˺ܶˣнϰĻ֡

Աûа취ֻѾѾĻ
ȥҲ꣬ȫһ
ȥ·ϣͷǷ꣺ⲻܵģǹûùƣֻвŻİ


398 

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ѾѾһ˵ͷ˹𣿡
ΪǵĹԼʹֻһСңҲû˸ȥԷԸǣΪֶֻҪ룬Ϳ޿ײ룬һ˹ƣǼûнҩˡ
ҹƵ෱࣬ƣĹƣƵȵ֮ģЩƻ˱ɿһ㣬ֻܱ˿š
˶ɵĴڣҺòֻһСңΪԱҲ뿪ԼĹùغˡ
һСϿйˣҲžò˼顣
ѾѾˣ˵ֻв˲ŻùƣεͿܸйء
ֻǾǲҪأǹҵȥ˲Ҫ;Ͳö֪ˡ
ΨһܹȷľǣЩЩ鶼ǵ
ͷ˺ܾҲûʲôͷȻѾѾղŸ˳ŵ˵ܰЩκãһӵɴ۾ͽܣղŵЩò˵İɣа취ܽƶ
ϲ϶ҲˣҲڵġ
ʱʱҲȥͷѧҽҲѧˡ
ͷ˵ĹƵ飬Ƕ𺳲ѣͷѾѾǲĿԽƣǶؿѾѾ
ӱ洵磬һ˿˿ѾѾ޵ϣѷ˿Ժü΢˵û취ҲҪ취ģȻ
ĻѾѾû˵ǴҶô¡
Ǻ˾֮еģζѾѾҵľˣҪⲻ£үӵĹҲᱣסߡ
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ЩҪ͵͵ʹģһϺˣʱ֣߱ץҪˣ
϶ԼĲ²⾪һ°ˣ漴ŭ˵ɶ˭ôǼʲôޣȻҪǣҪ֪˭϶ҪݺݵҲһҪЩľơ
ѾѾղһֱҪôƣڷӦһ䣺ȻȥȥһУҪס͵ǵľơ
ʹ͵ǵľҪ͵طҲҪ
ǸղȥЩܺߵļ￴ˣľƲͬһεģΪǿĹƳ棬жˣѾѾͷҲЩʲô⣬ھûȷЩûзεľƻ᲻Ҳ
õİ취ȰѾƽҪأҲٿˣˣʱ۳ȥľҲҪջܺ߱࡭
ѾѾȥУھֻԬһѾѾ齻ȥǾûǺܷģص֮գҲӱһ׷ϳӣһֱӸϵȥһҲҪֹȥʹǧûϺȵЩơ
ү֪飬Ͼֱӻ˴ӣϳԷʱ˼µС˶üͷûʲôʳ
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ѾѾҪµ飬˭֪ϻͱӡ
ʮһ֪˵ʲôһֱŬ͵ţһ͵ӣӣ߹ȥߣֱ֣˰οʱ˵̣µģû˿Ծǵ·ģгͷиͷţҪ·߲ˣǾԱߵ·ߡ
ҪԱߵ·߲ˣСùøǳǼǷȥ
ҪǻǷɲˣǾڵأڵˮĵطˮȥ
ҪĶȥˣǾ壬öǵǾͿ⣬ȥҲûµģֻҪԣҾĶȥˡ
ʮһ˵ֲⲻóԣΪʲôҪ·
һӱס§Ĳӣˣ˵̣ҵ·ˣȿȡ
ϷӦæɿԴѾѾ˵͸ʮһ˵Щ˳ʲôĿģֻҪЭͲǾǵ·
ţʮһѾѾ֣ʮһ°ʹԴϣһһһĽ֮˵û˿Ծǵ·Щƣа취Խ⡣


399 

磬ɣɣ̵ٰĹ˶лҪǡ
Ҫ˿غеľƣκ˿Щ˿𣿡

ѾѾ˼飬ʣµͽȥˣڰ˵㷹ͻ鷿
һһѾϵͳ̳һйڹƵ鼮
ѾѾ˵ѾŪЩеʲôˣ֮Ϊƹƣ˹֮ΪƹƣΪй֮ȾƳ񫣬ֹƳڽ֮ǰֻþһֻһֻƳ
ΪƳ֮ụɱҲΪһһƵֻһж֢״
һ˾ƹƣж֢״ظʹ׸ͣйƵʱ䳬ʮ죬й֮˾ͻ߿Ѫ
ҪôƣѾѾĵ⡣
һһƹƵĵطֻһֺͨĹƣÿ˼ҶҲÿƵ˼Ҳ֪ôơ
Ҫƹʵܼ򵥣ֻΪ̫򵥣һ˶벻ѡ
ƹƵĹƳȾƣҪɱǣֻҪй֮˷ôĽУҪýҪý裬գڵĹƳͻ񫷢һʱֻҪŵһζǾͻ
ʱֻҪһƹȻͻܳ
һһ˵ķȷʵܼ򵥣ҲȷʵǴ벻ġ
˿й֮ôˣ֮ȥȻҩû˻뵽ʱܹ
һһѾѾ˼ķˣֲȻ취ܼ򵥣ʵʩܻһ鷳ΪڷýʱڵĹƳΪ񫷢ֱײʱ˹ƶ˶ܵġ
ܶʱֲܶסֻҪȥˣԽ˹ƶܱһǧˡ
һһЩıϵģⱾҳóȥʦ
ڵͲǰǸʲôٺȻȻؾ˵취ѽ̵ģĻ˵ˣֻ˵Ļɡ
ֻ˵ǴϿģһҪóԵøӵ˵

˵£粻˳٣ȻѾ뵽˰취ѾѾͷûе飬ֱһȥȥЩȾ˹Ƶ˽ƣ취˵ˣҲʵʩˣǵȴ죬ȵֻƳܵʱþư
һֻһƳ棬һƳֻһйƣйƵ˼ֻжʮˡ
ѾѾͷ֮ǰͻص
ΪԷһѾѾѽƵķдճɸ봫ɵԷйƵʱҲü
ͷ˯ʱһ͹ѾѾͽܣﻹйڹƵ鼮𣿶ҿɣһѧѧôƣԺʱֱ޲ˡ
һᣬѾѾص鷿棬ʵһһ鼮
Ҫ̫ˣʱûʱȥЩ鼮
ݣʱ䶼ûС
һһãȫͷ
طųȥǱ߿ʱСʮʮһСһһһӹ
Сʮۿģ˵Сùã˵⼸ۿˣ۵ûʱϢܺúóԣҰ˼ӣˣСùÿԣͻо񣬾ͲۣҲöˡ
ѾѾСʮԴӹϵӡ
ʮһҲһؿѾѾ˵û۸ˣ͵˵Ļ˵Сù⼸ѹ̫ˣûòΪСù÷ǣСùòŻô۵ģ֮ǰѾСùһǸûõĵˡ
̫ûˣԼûþͻ۸ף͸һԺСùǧܼ޸С
֪СùϲӵģҰѵ˽ǮùˣСùãЩƱ㣬Ҫһ㡣
ѾѾǳ鴤һ¡
һʼʮһŸӣΪҲǳԵĶû뵽ȻװƱģ
ԥ룬ץƱؿڡ
Ȼʮһ˴Ĵָúá
Сһˣ¶СһҲŸӣҲװųԵģװһԪ
СһЦǺǵ˵ţСţڶ幫ӵģʮһ˵Сϲ鱦Ҿ͸СţСſ𣿡
Ӷ緿ġѾѾ͵
ڸɽ£Ľÿ춼뿪ɽʱȥĶȼٴ壬˾վڶȼٴſڣҪĽڱȻš
ȵȼٴ忪ҵһ죬ѾѾ϶ģΪõѣҪһľϲ


400  ȷѾѾ

ĽϣҪôľϲ
ǸǸŮӣҿҽĻϣŮӶϲģҴʻøָʻ϶ܸ˵ġ
ѾѾҲ˼ıˣܾĽ˵ѾѾ˽ѾѾһ
Ǹм䶼еǸкһѾͷϲ
Ľ׼ôҲ˼ȥ
ǹǱʲôҲŪɣҵĻ̫ˣҼǵǸ¼ģҪǿҵ¼ͺˡ

ѾѾֶӸֶТƱԪȻһʮһĽӣʮһСϱҲһ̫Ľӣڰ·ϻŪˣһһͷӡ
Сʮϲ⣬ӵģڽƤȫĹУƤƿ¶˳
˵װŵӣѾѾøװŽƤڡ
Сʮǵһΰӣ˷ܵѾѾСùãó𣿡
ѾѾŶûʼԵĽӣǰЩƭĴһһһ˵ţóԡ
СʮͷԺÿ춼Сùóԡ
ʮһؿĽڸƤ۾ţҪûпʼԣǲǾͿƾһ¾֪òóԣȻСùô֪ЩӺóԵģ
СһǱȽϵˣһѾѾ˵óԣæ˵СţҲҪԡ
ѾѾһȥСһСһҡҡͷҪǽӣǰɫģҪǸ
СһָָһԵĽƤ
ѾѾԼһƤָСһһƤ
óԣ
Сһ˵۾
ôĺӣ˿֮ϲ⣬ƽʱͲǺϲ⣬һԽӻ⽵ʱ򣬶Ǳ˳Ƥ
żƤһˣڿԳԵһһڶûеĽƤÿɸˡ
ѾѾ˵СùðĽóԵĽӡ
ѾѾ
ϵذʣĸĽڳ꣬ѽƤСһ
ҸСʮ˵ԺҪӣСһԾˣСùȻӰúܺóԣСùòǺϲԽӡ
Ŷ
СʮûκλɵѾѾĻ
˽ӣѾѾ飬˶㣬ҿȥһ
֮ǰһһԹֶһϲͨһһѾ֪ʲôǹˣֻԹƻһϲͨˣⲢȥľû⡣
ΪҪʱ۾һһ۾һһĴҲʱΪĴԡ
µ˶סˣ濴͸ָһֻǽȥ֮ͻᷢѾûĻ
ҶǰĿյϣ֪øЩʲôˣеͷϻ޲ѪŪ˿ڡ
峤֪Ҳ϶ɶǼ̾
ѾѾ϶ǿ˾һ˵ѾѾ㿴ҪʲôƻҪȥ𣿡
ѾѾһڻ϶˲ʵĹˣ˵ͣɣ鴦ٿ
⼸ܻҪҵһµ飬Ƿģ⼸ȻˣɹǮշġ
ѾѾʣ͹𣿡
ˣûü֪ͨ԰ǱߣǱͰժˣһ˹ȣ㿴ѶǱˡ
϶ָָԶװѣ԰˺ܶѣ˳֮ÿ춼ժһ飬ÿβժʮÿһиʮʮأ͵ߡ
ѲͷţҪǲʱͻкܶСӷȥ
ѾѾ룬˵ɣһȥʱЩѾͷָǴȥʣµľȥָҡ
˵ţ߹ȥ鿴һЩѣѾƵԭϣҲвǺѾ֮µģȻϻйƳĸʺСϾЩƳҪþŵġ
ǲһ򣬾һΪ˱ѾѾûȷһ±ȽϺá
ţһһȷ
ûˣѾѾơĹ´ȥֿľƣơĹǰĵС̶ҲǶ
ʱûˣ
̶һ£ҡͷûУΪѾÿ¶ģԵûѵʱѾ˾ͻơȥһֱǹõģĸҲãû˻ְģһ궼ûйˡ
˽𣿡
ںһѾѾȻɵĶԼԱ˲ɣ˲á


401 ˭

ѾƸơƵܸߣ˶ڶǵҪ͵ѧǵļ
ѾơĹϣ˽ġ
ڵˣѾѾҵ˿Խˡ
Ҫг֮˽̶ǵú
һ˵ڰ֮ǰ˽Ƶˣ˵ǹģʱһĻƣȷϹݣͷˡ
Ƶˣ
ѾѾ۾֮Щʲô
һʼȷʵǰưᶫģ˵Ҫé뿪һᣬǸеģҲøȥéġ
̶š
ѾѾʣ㻹ǵʱȷһ𣿡
Ӧʮ죬Ϊ֮ҪĶر࣬ˣǸŮľˡ
ѾѾȥǼйƵ˼￴Ǻȵľһųεġ
Ƹ۲һ֮óȥҪһʱȫͺãȷԺˣŻдȥۣη͵ʱǰҡ
һһ˵ƹƵĳҪھϲʮһҲܷӳõЧ
ѾʮˣйƵǰ죬Ǹ˶ʮӡ
ʱǺϡ
㻹ǵǸŮ˵ָò𣿡
ѾѾһ⡣
̶ͷҼǵǲʻòĻͦͦݵģʮɣҪǿĻҿ϶ܹϳ
ȥһơ
ѾѾҪȥľƿû⡣
һһ֮ǰ˵͸˹һһӾڶľƵзľơ
Ӷһǰġ
ʮ춯ֽš
š
һһķѾѾ˵ͷ
뵽˺飬һһһһ㻹ǵúĵʲôʱ𣿡
Ҽǵã¶ʮšǾϵ
ѾѾšһ˵ƺ̫ˣǺ⣬ơѾ⣬ߵʱһǰһģܾǱ˶ˡ
һлҪȥ֤С
̶ҲǻģΪʱ䣬ѾѾ̶һһƥȥϡ
ϿиеⶼûӰ졣
ھ͸ڿ档
ѾѾ̶ʱƸһĹǵĿ·ҪͶ룬ҪඨƼ
ѾѾϹذѾѾӭ˽ȥ
Сңôʱˣ鶼ûʲôҪȥæģ
ֵô֪ˣ鶼Ѿϴ鿪ˡ
ռǺ⣬ѾƸơ⣬ھʳ¥ⶼܵӰˡ
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ԾֻˣϸµʱʻȻҵңϣܸһݹ
ҿڴ֮ǰͬĹϵʹӦˣ˵ʲôᣬǳøߣҲϣҿ߰æʲôģҶͬˣ֮ǰȥƵʱҲȥˣû뵽ڶϵˤˡ
ΪкܶĹϵеʱҲæʲôģæµʱǾͻŴӴһЩ
ƾ
СңǲҲ˵˲ʻϢԹģ
֮ǰǵɽ˵ģԿ˵ԴǺֻΪѾѾĲʻġ
ǣʻ֮ǰûиʲô˽Ӵ
ѾѾصúֱӣһ裬ֱӺˡ
ơŶһֿʼ䣬̫ȷӦҲǺΪǶܾûˣ֮ǰҲǺȻֵġ
ôãѾͷѾѾǲǸʻй
һһӾͱýСңɣǲʻİɣҪģҡҾ˸Слɡ
СҶôãɽկҲôãҾȻһȥﵷңСⶼҵĴҵĴ
˵˵ţֱӹ
ѾѾߵһ£ƹҲû
ȷʵ˵һдӦóóȻؾͰһ˽ûǺ˾ʹǵ棬ǵ
СƻҪСܶ࣬ƹȻٵġ
⻰е飬ԴЩըȻǿҲ¸£±ŰѺһдһˮˣԽ컹һ£ҹ첹ϣԲ


402  ѾѾ

ѾѾдƹͲ壬һࡣ
Ȼ˵Ĺ˵ǸʻȥéΪԼתһᣬҲһ³ľƣžһ챻ֽš
ƣʻļ˻ɽ𣿡
ƻǹţûε˵ɽϵģСңҪȥҿȥ
Ǿȥɣ̶㲻øˣȻشӰɡ
ѾѾ̶ԭ˵ġ
˶ˣ̶Ҳûá
վѾѾҲȥɣ
ˣҸȥˡ

ȥɽկĻҪʱѾѾƶģһʱ֮͵ɽˡ
⸽¹꣬·Ƚϻ߲ˣѾѾƾͰ˩ɽ£ֱ·ɽ
ɽ·ߣټԴ뿪ɽկ֮ɽϾûʲô˾ס·ͳӲݣˮ£ڲ϶ǻġ
ҶѾѾƶǻ书ģ·ȻһЩҲȡ
ѾѾ棬˵Сңɽھʣһˣʻ֮ǰǸ๫һסģ๫ǰɽԵʱȽţһֱڼš
žǼҲԸɽԭ򣬾Ϊ˿ĽŲУ»ᱻЦɡ
ѾѾüˣ๫ô죿˭չ๫
ץץԴǺȷ˵ĶӰɣĶҲʮˣչĸˡ
˵֮䣬ڵɽկɽկϸѾѾ֮ǰģѾȫһˡ
ѾѾһɽկȰ˵ɽʱǻҶɽկ˺֣ܶ࣬Ҳʰġ
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ƽϳ⣬һ˶ĻﶼûС
ڱϸѾѾͣҾҪɽ֮ͰѷӲˣϾɽǴҵģЩռҲá
㿴ǼӾǲʻһҾסģڿ档
ѾѾͷ
·ļӣ沢û·
ӦǳĵطҲġ
ѾѾó˿磬̫ͣҪǼסϴ·ʱ򲻻ôսȥġ
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տſھһζѾѾһס˱ӡ
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Ҳŵζˣɫ䣬ܽ桭

ȥű֮鶼㸺
ѾѾƣֱ뿪
һֱڻŸոտʬ壬ɫЩҰףû
·ߣŻ
ѾѾصҵʱ춼ˣСʵѾѾûɩҪһᣬȵһ£ȸ̸
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ŻѾѾ̲סܵǽ
ѾѾôˣò˰ɣ
Сæ³õĴӣܹѾѾ
Ҳܹˡ

ɳȥͷѾѾҹ﷢գһնû
ˣϰ˹ȥѾѾȥϷʲô£ôö˶˵ػ֮ˡ
֮ǰѾ˵ɽկϿĶ
϶ʱ۵ۿˣشһļͷ⵱ʲôã֪ԼûС𣿻мһҲǵģ°ô˶ˣҪһСȥ
ҸǣǲҹŮһأȵѾѾˣɶ¶ܣúڼϢҾ͸ǶϾĸӹϵ
ϴ϶ģ嶼εС
Сʮץץϵ·˵̣ҪˣҪСùȥ£ҾͰ̴ǡ
СʮԴתȥչѾѾ
Ԭ˵ѾѾ飬ҹˡ
֮ûȥѾѾŵġ
ѾѾֽ̼ɩѩָţǣԬʵĻġ
ԬʳԵúܿģʮһú
ʮһĹĵԬʱϣҪСùøһ㶼
Ԭ˶ͺ壺ֲǴҹʲôá


403  ѾѾľ

Ԭں˵ţֲǴҹʲôá
СùҵǼԶֻ˵ʱԵ㶫ˡ
ʮһƺˣԼߵԬǰֽŲõԬʵĴţصͷԣûãСùò˶Щġ
ȻСùҪǺˣֻҳԵĵˣϸ˵ʲô̫ĶݲãûԶٵģҵݾͲˣȻЩǾǰ׳ա
ʮһͷԬʸţԼ档
Ԭȥһţǡ
ҵ˸ԼͬһԬʸʮһϲѾѾ˳Եĵʹ
ٲȻѾѾѾڴϡ
ʮһԬʺһӵţǸѩ̧֣ͷɫ֮µԺӣ˵壬˯ɣǿһ㱻Եġ
Ԭ𾪵ؿʮһԭҲжڱԵĵİã

ѾѾԺ棬ϰϴ϶ǶߣԼһڷѾѾ
ѾѾڴϣͷϸܵĺ飬üͷ壬ȻܵӣȻغҪҪҲԡ
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գԬһ͸ʮһһԵģȵԵ֮ѾѾţΪ´λڹĳԣԬʱʮһȥѾѾԺ档
һϣѾѾȥҲѹˣѾ𴲣ϷԺʵĿ
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С緹˹ѾѾոմ󲡳Сİ࣬ϻһǼԼ̲ˡ
ҪӣϱŶӣϱҪСʮϱҪͦŶȥϾ¥ϹСﶼСڴ
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ҪιѾѾ࣬ѾѾ˹Ƶ˵ҿԼȵġ
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ѾѾͷ˿ÿ϶ûĺӵġ
ϲιѾѾˣԱ۾Ҳգһµؿ˵㲻ʮ껹ãҲãҲǸӡ
ѾѾ˾ͣŲҪӣȻ͸Сʮڴ˵ϡ
ϲʲôǶˣôڡ
վѾѾͷᣬҲӰѾѾ緹
˵ﶼþû⺢ӰԷˣ㿴㶼ˣɲ֮ǰʲô¶Ҫȥո֡
Ǹĺӣʲô¶㼸綥ţĺÿ͸ȥˣֻҪӦȥЩ飬ҲѧŮˣÿԺɹɹ̫ԳԵĺȺȲöð
ոջŲӵѾѾӵֶһ£һһһһǸʮǴ𣿡
ǣʮҲֻǸӶѣߺܰĻǰ۵ģʮĺÿ͸ˡ
ôżسǲǲ̫ãҺ׵ˡ
ҹ˯ʱܸоһֱţ׻˵˺ܶܶ໰
һֱΪԼʮˣǸˣҾԼһһӦöһƬ죬ڼѵʱ򣬶Ҫһʱǰǰ档
ˣȻʮˣʵǸӶѣһܶĺܿµĶͻᲡĺӣһʱǣŵĺӡ
һһ룬Լˡ
ڸѾѾһЩǰ֪ʶʱҲǰˡ
ѾѾĻ˵ҿ԰һʺ͵СϷ
á
ѾѾӦһһͷһ࣬˵Ժڼ㣬Щõͼȥܡ
ҽõ㣬书õ㣬ѾѾúڲ鰸ȷʵûʲôƣûǿ϶ġ


404  ɵδ

Թ緹ϴǼҲˡ
ѾѾֹˡ
ѾѾ˵ǱĿǰɸɩĴĸйأѾ￴ˣûиʲôϵ
ڲʻѾȥˣǿȥʲʻ֮ǰףɽµ׿ûпʻʲô
ǸطľոҲȥæˡ
ˣһںС˸ھƻйϵ
ʦ˵ƳǲĶҲԿûв˳ֹ
ѾѾԼĲ²ⶼ˵ˣͽǴ
ѾѾȻ֮ǰûõĴȻͼ鷿棬֮ǰһͼҳ
СùãȥδĶɩɣδɩɺóˣȥˡ
СʮܵѾѾ鷿Žţ˫ַӣ°͸ֱϣڴؿѾѾ
ѾѾҪõͼֻѾеĶӣԥһᣬվ߹ȥСʮߡ
ɵϱӶһϿһרġ
Ǽҵİͦһ㣬ƤⱡİӣѾѾԣǼҵһ
ģһЩζ
Ǽ֮ǰҪϳﱸӵʱ򣬸ڽ־Ӷҵӣÿ춼ܿкܶǸ
֮̽󣬵֪ԭΪǼҵܺóԡ
ǣʱ䣬ѾѾֻҪȥϾͻȥӶԡ
ʱ̫æûչȥŶӵʱ򣬾ͻöɹȥ򣬻Ӷ͹
һģɸӶҲͿˡ
ʮһ壬ѾѾѾѾҪСʮȥæż׷Сùã㣬Ǵˡ
ѾѾû
ңСҲҪȥ
Сһҡҡλεܹ
ѾѾ
ѾѾһ˿϶ǴСһģճ˹
ڳ⣬Ҳֻǳĸźܸ㶨Сһˡ
ȻҲԣмڸСһ档
СһѾѾͲˣֻһϡ
ҪСùõĻ֪𣿲ȻĻӾͰˣԺǾûеĳˡ
⣬Сһ꣬æ˵߻ȥϺСһ
ⲻô˾ǺãֿԺúˡ
Сϵ٩ɩͱڸв֪ˣ֪Ҷ뱧ӡ
"㵽ʱôӾͺ˰ϿϱѾѾû˵ĺеĻŮģ
ϱεЦûأѾѾѾͷ˵ǰ˵ˣҾûڴˣԼ˵ʦ˵Ҷ֪ǸкӵѺأŮӵѡ
ҾÿܻкӵĿԴЩôҲĵЩˣĵ˸Ů
ҿԺǵŵˡ
˵ûЩϱǰԼĶӡ
ŵǸԼıѣõķɫĲϡ
һĲ£֣ȵпٳȥõĲϻ

ѾѾǵϣСһ͸˼ʮһ֡
Сʮһ統ѾѾһɶڴ˵ϣֻд˵ǿԳˣǲſԳ档
¼ˣҲԶȴлϡ
Сһһȥϣǰһ죬˵ҪʱץҪõĶ
ʮһһȥϵʱҲ֮ǰˣȻÿ춼ᵽϣɲõǸķֵʱлᵽȥһˡ
СʮȥϵĻᵹǶһЩϾǸŮޣڿֺ˵
һȥҲǰ֮ǰˡ
˻վĴߣĴߴߴ˵ŵҪȥʲô
Сһ˵ᵽǾȥߺòã
ʮһ˵֮ǾͳȥڸҪȥĶͯ԰档
Сʮ˵Ǿȥ·ͷ
ѾѾϣǣĬĬţٺҲûãȵȥԣҪͻؼȥ

ǵϵʱѾ쵽Էʱ䣬ΪӶҵİӼ۸ˣǮһӣǼҵһǮһǵڱȱ˵ٺܶ࣬Ҳûһ㣬ÿȻкܶϴ򹤵˹ӳԡ
ѾѾľǳĶ顣
˶棬Ŀǰٻ˶ʮˡ
Сãô
Ȼһɤ


405  ֶϱΣ

˵˾ǶɵδӶԲԲģЩ΢֣˾ú
մӱ𴦻ϻһտյӡ
ѾѾץץСʮԴ˵ġ
ӶȻ˵ǾͲŶˣҸ˺ܶȥǣھǿȥȵġ
ӶһֱԴӸɶ֮󣬾һֱŶɺѾѾùã˵СãǼҵҶ˵ˣһԽģͣ
ѾѾһ͵ơ
ѾѾ㶣Ӧš
ȻӶ˵˺ܶȥɣǿ϶ǺܶˣϾ˵ġ
ѾѾʶӶĵ֪ʳˡ
һͻᱥˣӶһҪʮŻᱥ
ÿθѾѾǴʱ򣬶ϲԼʳ
˾ͰԼʳʮҲѹǵôŶӣΪ֮ǰüըӶװˡ
ӶѾѾҪȥҶˣæ˵Сټܵǣֶټæȥǡ
ټ
ǾŸȽϻһѾѾһȻϴҵ̶ɸˣһƺͶ
ԽڲԽãҲΪԸʵӶƭ˹
ѾѾǣСʮǣʮһճСһĸ˳ȥ
洫Ӷʶͣһ¡
Ǹ˵Ӷãôߵôǿ约˰ɣӶҲǵģ㶼ʲôϵˣʲôúߵأȥ
ôʱû㣬ˣû뵽Ӷöôˡ
ѾѾûתͷȥ֪һʲô龰ֻ֪ܿӶžŸ˵߿߿߿ңҲʶ㣬ٹҴˡ
˵ƦƦģ㺰ҿʱ˭Ŷһ˵ҪˣҪδ๫ļ˿ڴϸģ˵ǻ᲻Ҫأ
㡭ſң
Ӷľš
ѾѾˣճСʮʮһ
תͷȥﻹӶ˵Ӱ
ѾѾܿǸǶһԵ
ո˵ʱǰĶǰһЩѾѾӶǶ˾롣
ټϸղӶǸ˵ûûʱ֪ŶӵӵĶǧȥˡ
ڵһƽʱͦģûʲôˣӶҾǳһ￪ӣҶü۸ˡ
ǲϳģûж߶
ӶȥǸӾ͸˵ˣխְǸͬСץԲػ㣬û˻ᾭ
ѾѾʱӶͶһ鲼ϸסˣֻܷŵ
˫ֱٸѹǽϡ
ѾѾãǸݸߣȧͻӶĶ˵أǿϧˣԺڱ˵ˣûϵҿ֮ǰá
Ӧþúܴ̼ɣ㿴Ǳ߾ǼĿˣǴߵʱ˵ͻתͷˡ
´Ǽҵ˵ǹԺŮһ棬ǿܳԹӾͰǲͺܿİ
šӶɫǺ죬·Ҫɱ˶һ㡣
ѾѾӵĻЩ̫ǿӣӶǸ飬֪϶ûк顣
վǶȣǸ˲عͷǿģӶȴԿ
ӶܿͷˣҡͷѾѾӶһꡮƣȻһṦԾӴʱһ߿ߵͬǽϡ
ػɵӶæϵƲܹȥѾѾ
Сãô˲Ǻˣǿ߰ɡ
Ӷļˣͨɫ˶Źˡ
ҪǿСã϶ҲŹġ
еʱ򣬾һŮ˿СöҪɶôƯô׳ۣĺǷǵġ
ѾѾӶ󣬵˵û£ҵĶ֡
˱ѾѾߵײǽϣϣ۾ŭ˵ĸڹ˵Сүң
ӵ˲ǵѪѾѾ˫˸ĹâͷˣҲҪСүСүҾ͹ˡ
䣬Ҫ˹
ѾѾγĽһѺܾöûгʵĽ׼ϵǸλ
ɫԵȫ⡣
۾ʮ˹
һϸ΢ֿٵĲѿ֮ѾѾתһ¡


406  ʶʻ

ѾѾӶһСʮȥҶɡ
ճǸݸߵȥá
ӶЩظѾѾ˵СãܲܲҪ˵ҡ
ѾѾһֱűȥСһӶܺߣҪǸ㣬ҾͰʲô¶ûз
ѾѾѾŪӶǸ֮Ĺϵ֮Ĺϵûйϵ
ֻΪСʱ˶סͬһ棬еľһֱһɧӶѡ
ƽʱӶǸﻹļһҲҸʲô
û뵽ϣǼǰ棬Ǹ˾͸
ӶǾòãʲô¶ûзվˣ¶Ҫ֪֮и񡣡
ʲôб𣿡
СһѾѾӶ
Ժ˵ҾСŵģүүҪԺҪСѧ٣ҲҪүүѧ
ѾѾЦؿСһ˵ģǴҶһ˵ֲֲۣܳԣԺ󳤴˿ɲܱסˣʲôҪʲôԼΪûдĶҪȥ֡
ҪΪı˶۲ãηηβġ
ӶҲǣǼҵ˶ǺעⶫҲ˵ȫҪղһʼͿԳȵģΪ˼νûȣЩû˵ֵġ
Ľֻٵø˶ѣԺƵ飬ӦðѶĹ˼׿ȲҪġ
һε飬ڲ˵Ҳǻ֪ġ
㲢Ṇ̀ҪҵЩ˵ġ
ѾѾǸϲǿȱ˵ˣǴСǵһһһȺˣһҪ˵һҪȣֶ˵İΣƨǡ
Ⱥ˲˵һ˵˾ͻһֱңˣֻи
Ӷһ˲˵ҪˣǸ˷ˣһ뵽Ǹ˾ȻѾѾ飬ѾѾҪķ϶ŹѾѾġ
ҧ촽˵ͷ֪ˡ
Ӷոʱ·һ㣬Ҳץ˺ӡ
Уһ۾ע⵽
ѾѾǸղŷʲô¡
Ӷûô˵СһʹţӶСŸոˣСŰѻ˴ˣ˺ܶѪճȥ̫үүˡ
ʲôˣСãӶûô
żӶ鿴
ѾѾԬˡ
Ԭ֪ѾѾıµģһ㶼ѾѾˡ
һһ߳Ӷ֮ǰù
ӶǱѾѾĻѸղŷ˵ˡ
ܽȥ**һѵȥš
ѾѾɫʱ
Դ߻ˡ
ѾѾܻͷĶɵԴҸƽʱôǵģ嶯ܽ⣿ܽ⣿ܽĻҪкãҪкãٵкã

ѾѾڽֶӵʱճѾǸʹȥá
Ҳá
ʻ˵鱻Բʻ˸һӵˣֹүͬڲʻļҲүӹΪɣҲүӹˡ
ʬѾ˹
ǹṩһЩйصϵġ
׼ȥ߳õʱ򣬸ճӭϡ
ѾѾ߼ճͣճкճ˸˹;Ӧòһʲôˡ
תͷȥ
Ȼ߶סȵ˵Ҽǵˣʻһֹģʶʻ
ճȻ֪ѾѾڲʻ飬⻰ɵ
Ѫӣڸ˵ȥȰֹסѪ

ѾѾСһǳųȥСһѾѾ㰴ռƻ£ͽؼȥ
׼ȥִУеĹԱһż߽ͷǰżЩʲôѾѾ˵Сңȵһ£зǸģǾǱ߼Ĺġ
Ŷ
ܷܷҼ𣿡
ܷܷһȥ˾ǣҲֻӾǸŹˡ
ԱһᣬҵţżϵļӦǵġ
ŽѾѾ
ˣһ⣬ǺڸǱ߼Ĺġ
Աַҳһš
ڸĹţѾѾΪĽϼĹġ
ù֮ȲȻģ˵ˣȵȼٴ忪ҵ֮ʱ


407 ʧ

ѾѾùţΪĽϼĹģȲؼҵͲ֮󣬿ּ֪Ľϸдˣдġ
ڼǰ˵ҪѾѾģֻǺȽ϶࣬ϵڶû
ʱˣҪȵĽϵĶȼٴ忪ҵ֮
ŵݲĽϲдռʽдţҪ˵һЩĽһﱸȼٴ飬ҩ¡
Ľڳɽϵ˲԰˲γԽԽˣ˲԰ﻹȥ˺ܶ༸˲ιǧ˲ζкü
ǧ֥ѵõѩС
ѾѾֱˮ
ΪһѧҽʱԽԽԽ޷ֵסҩݶջ
ˣԺһҪúõֺĽϲУȡĽܰ˲԰һ
ԬҲΪĽдţѾѾҵأĽǸһдûǲ˵˺ܶóԵĶ
ѾѾҡҡͷǣҵţˣҲдˡ
ѾѾһֽ̧ͷдʵ֣͵ݹȥԬʡ
Ԭʽӹһۣ˷ܵվȥ
ҪˣҪĵһˣҪȥȥһ·УˣҵͷҪҪһЩء
СʮſӱϣؿԬʣ壬δҿҪȥδɩʱһģһģȵ֮ǻ𣿡
ʮһϱȥϻǸĸһ죬Ȼ֪ʲô˼ˣ֮ɾͻ޵ˡ
˷ܵ˵ܿҪܵܳ𣿡
Сʮͷ϶ģôϲѣȵһ϶Ҫˣһ׾ͻСˡ
Сֻ˵ĻѾѾһԬʸվһ飬ȻҪż³׵Ļ棬̲סһЦ
ԬҲ뵽棬ɫЩ죬æϹ˵еģܸҳ׵ġ
ʮһ𾪣ԭѾеģСùҲбҪСùҲбѵĻԺǲǾͲ޲ȥˣ
԰ҪСùҲбѣͻ˵ĹùһԳ׿кˡСʮԱ˷ܵ˵š
ѾѾԴ˱Ͷ࿴飬ֻͨѣûйϵ
СʮȻ򣺡͸һͨ𣿡
ѾѾ룬ѺȷʵǸԬһͨѡ
һҲһǱһĽأǱǶҪҪһΪи˲԰
ţѾѾֱӰѳܷܷҲˡ
ܷܷԬҲˣѾѾдŵʱҲ˳ԬҲдˣȽϸģѸԬʵŸˡ
ѾѾдԬֵŽ򿪳ܷܷдſ
ܷܷ˵ˣɳ׵ʱܹˣոջ˺ӣҪȺ˲пܹˡ
ܷܷǰͳˣ޸˾һɵĶӣ׵ĵһһӡ
ֻ˵ڶ
ǾͿϧˣﻳϺǺ£Сãŵʱ﹧ϲһȥ׼ЩСõĶһĹȥ
ܷܷᵽ˶ɳ׵飬ҲǼǰǸʲôСˣеҪġ
ѾѾͷţŵĺ棬ܷܷ˵ˣھǵʱ๫ȥμһۻᣬ๫һѵ֪ʶ˵ҲҪѾѾдš
ѾѾȵ죬Ҫ
ΪǸ±ѵŻܷܷŷһ飬һֽˣҲûҵ
ַˡ
ѾѾһһ˵ţܿͷ¡
ԬǱҲˣϵݸѾѾ˵Ĳࡣ

ѾѾǸյңСֱֻ𽻸ǵ̸֮󣬻صԼԺճץһֻӶ
ӣȥؾƵˡ
ѾѾ˲ٵŸ룬ƽʱϢġ
ͣ½Ųӹճϵĸӣժֽ
չ꣬üͷ
˵ʧܣѾ͵ʹˡ
ճӦŶû£ҸҲյǵˣҲʹˣֻҪûȽȥͲ󡣡
ѾѾ֪ǳʲôģȴ֪ǵͺܴ󣬼Ȼճ˵ڻʹҲأͲ
ڹĵһ⡣
˵֮ʧܣ·ˣǵΪ˻ĸ
ⱳ˾˭ôǼҸϾɱ
ӣһ£´Ǹȥõʱ֪


408 

˵Ǹ˸ʻʶ
ѾѾؿճ
ԭΪҪһʱҵʻϵˣû뵽ϰӶҵˡ
ʻ֮ʲôϵ
ѾʹˣһߵС죬֮ǰ˵ʻסǸɽɽˣʹȥǲģҪǻܼӽȥɽȥ棬ҪģǾռɽΪ
Ǹɽϣ˲ʻŲʻмɫֿһзϵ๫׵ĺӣ͸ͬ޼ɵذѲʻһԵĲݴ顣
һвʻҪϾ͸๫ӣһǰ顣
ʻȲ֮£ֻӦ¡
֮ΪסܣĿơ
ȥھ¹ƵҲòʻȥġ
ճڱƹһףûЩʲô
ճʵô飬ѾѾҲ⡣
һ⣬ʵôùƣǲ𣿡
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ճүѾʵĶˡ
ŸʲôүҲѾźˡ
ֻǰʵһѾѾѡ
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һڰԼʲô¶ڱƤӵµĸо
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ѾѾճܹðĴĸ֪鶼˵
ȽϵĵǾĴĸ֪Ըȥµ˭
ողһӡ
ڻǲҪݾߵĺãõİ취ǵǸԼˮ档
һᣬڣأڴˡ

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Щ˹ƵҲκˣҲˣһѾѾҵơѾѾ
ѾѾȻ˵Щ¶Ĵȥܵģǳŵ⳥Ļ˵ģԼӦõġ
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ǣǸͼѾѾӶҲ˹
Сң˶ˣʲôʱ⳥
СңǶôˣòͲ⳥˰ɣ
Сңô˶ˣĶ⳥𣿡
Сҡ
ѾѾ֣Ҷشߴ
ѾѾ֣ѹѹȰһ£ҽǸ⳥ģҲǸһ͡
ҿ
֮ǰȥǵľ˹Ƴ棬ŻôҺȳġ
ǵأǿǳǼҵĵ۲ӵģҪôͣ
ЩԵӵ˴ѾѾ
ѾѾֱһôҰƣ͵⣬Ҳˣ˻쵽棬ڵ˰ͶۣǻڲҵС
ѾѾ˵Ļᣬûͣٵؼ˵ЩǲɵģҲΪлɳˣŻôܿˣԸе⳥ǲ˴ҵġ
ǵĲѾκˣϵĹƶҲǽˣÿ˻Ჹһӣδ֮ڣҵǻ⣬ɵҼңʦǽΪơ
ٶˡ
ÿһӣҲˣټѾѾȷʵѾǵ嶼κˣ൱һǰ׵õġ
ȻҪһǧҪһЩһġ
⳥ϣҲĲƷĲƷҲǿ˼ܣſڻ
ϸܿؽˡ
ģҲֻڵ˰˽ȥ
ڷ飬ѲƷֵĹϸҲϸôҸϸضԼһֵĹ
ҲⷢĿԡ
ʼӪҲ¿š
ζĴҶ⣬ģ¥ӵҲڻµС
߼ǿ˹ڹڸ̳ǱҲӴȥѲߣЩ˵쵽ȥ
ֻǣⱳɻûҳ
ǣʹ鷿ڡ
ֻлϸջǣոǰѴ﷢˵ˡ
üͷεյĹģյĹþƸĹӸ
ҪǹϵľƳˣôӾ͡


409 й

ҪǹϵľƳ⣬Ѵ̡
ʱӣڳ͢Ҳʧơ
һʧƣǸһֱھϵ̫ǡ
ϿգѾѾȷʵ˵Щеǹƣ
չػصػϣȷʵ˵ġ
ϳֻв˲Żùƣεĸ̫йأѵ̫Ѿ˲֮ˣ
ٸ˵һЩЩƶ֮ʲô֢״
Ӧǡ㽫й֢֮״渵
˵գϻӻ֣ˣ㾡صóв˿ʧ

ոҹָϻشӡ
뿪֮󣬻ʹڲƽ

»ڰ׼ҴţûһĽչǸûҰĴĸĴĸȻӣǺĹϸˣҲû͵۸۵䷽
ûпɣֻȥ˼˻Ǯ˼̫̫
ÿʹ˳ȥ
ʻҲʧȥе
һо͸صԭһ
һʱ䣬ѾѾҵҲ˳ûٷʲô£ģҲʱʼȥﱸɵ¡
ӱڶ׵ģھͳѾѾҵĴ¡
ڳ׵ǰһ죬ѾѾʹżֶӸ˿ʼü
ԴӼǰӳ¼֦ҳɹֲ֮󣬾Ժڹ԰ﶼרſһسЩ¼
ѾѾһһһЩִĻƬһЩװΣʹȥժ¼¼Ǽȥժ˺ܶҰ
ڿſڵĵطһǽǽϲ˾ǧŰپʮŶõ壬׺һЩջҰҰ֮ġ
ɫͷףۼ
ÿһ˾ǽŮ˶̲סͣ½ŲѾɹ׵ģ޲ð๫³һףûг׵ģͲϾȥס
ֻҪԼ׵Ҳ˰ǵĳ׵óǾһж˵
˻ǽǼſҲڷ˺ܶྫĴģСһĻ
Ž֮󵽴ݵ·ϣҲû׺ˡ
ŪǺÿ˾ɾҲˡ
ϱСһԱ߿ţĽѡ
Сһȵ˵ɾǲǶףǾҪˣ̣ҲɣҲҪס
֮󣬶֮ҹ˭˵ǲɾأҲû⻰ֻǵ˵Сһıӣ˵㻹ôС˭Ҫװ
СһָѾѾСŰù˵ˣ˵ĹŶˣǵСûгףΪ޲ȥˣҾȢѽкӣҿԸŮӳףҾͿԸСһɡ
ǶĻɿˣʮģʱҾͱʮ̿òã
ϱСһĻЦˣ˵СǲŲǼ޲ȥأֻ̫СˣҪǵ˳׵䶼֪ҪȢСأǿֲȥȢˣ˵ôСûԸ׵ġ
ѾѾСһ˵޲ȥʱĬĬԶǡ
һһǲǵҸʱȢǼֶֶŮ̸̸أȻ⼸һһ쵽֪Щʲô
ѾѾƵһһ
ûһĳ£ôܼܲ޵óȥһĶôΰԸԼҸҲҪȢ
һһҲúЦ˵ҾӦȥûֶӵĻ
ԣǾһ쵽֪˵Щʲô
ѾѾֱӾͳžɵԺȥ
ɰŲúûǽ·֮ͻԼķˣռң;լһ쵽լڷ￴
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ѾѾԼȥ
ѾѾ鶼ˡ
ѾѾþɵĲĲȽϵ£һһ²ۣһ㶼飬Ҿ֮䲢ܱȽϡ
ѾѾֻа֮ǰϲˣ֮ˡ
ЩҲͱſ˼ҽ飬м书ؼ
ѾѾӣæˣʱȥ顣
꣬Ȼʶֲȥμӿƾ٣϶ûźƱ˭øõģڻȸëߣ
Ľ֮ǲñȣΪĽϲǶ𣬶סɽˣûѧԺ϶ҲģȻʲô飬ֲǱĶˣ
ǣô׵ط顣
ڸѾѾĵطĽһڿ
ʱڸжСӣԽɽڣĽڶˣӣ㲻˵μӿƾٵô徭ˣô飿
Ľϴ̧ͷǸô̰棬ڿ϶Ѿˣҵúúö飬ԺԽ


410 ʱ

ڵ˳׵졣
ΪɵĳѾѾҲؾ͸׼һӣ׼һĺ
ҲΪǳȥӵʱܸȥˡ
ֻڼţŶǰӽӻ
ӶǾסϣӴȥϣĻʱܵټ϶ǳ磬˵϶ܹڰõļʱǰǶʱˣڴڵ˻ûϢ
ｹȥô°ⶼʲôʱˣôû
˵Ҫʱʱõ϶ʱˣûôü
֮ҲϾܰõģкܶҪ
ٶҪǰʱ
ӴڵҲһξ룬ǰһʱڲС
˴֮һ·ҪűҪǣͻߵúˡ
ϴҲЩżڻûе᲻˰Ǳ߸òʲô˰ɣ
˵꣬ͿźƼææܽ
źҲǸȥˣֻһ˻ˣҵϸϴż˵Ǳ˺ܾöûҵӵļ£ڶҡ
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Դּ²֮Ӷļ˾żѰˡ
ѾѾüͷ
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š
ѾѾ˵꣬ȥǣźƳϱȥ
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ֻſѾѾϣͷſͳӭķ磬ͷ۾·ܺܺӡ
źں濴ӣԾ¶Цݡ
ӶңͿӶļ˸ǼɣСʮʮһȥ˸طȥҶ
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ѾѾƿ߽ȥǼҾˣҲ϶Ӷġ
ùã
Ӷ˲Щ۾תͷ𾪵ؿѾѾ
ӶĴɩ֮ǰͼѾѾոջ˵ѾѾһȻͱԭС˰ǧᰡҸոտɲ˵ǼҲãֻӶ᲻ôοĶѡ
𣿡
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Ӷ֪ѾѾİȮţѾѾùãΪʲôҪҰ
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ѾѾӶ꣬ͷȥ
߳ŵʱѾѾ۽ǵ⿴ӶĴɩǻζһ£תͷȥһۣڶɫЩ԰ס
Щɡ
ڻǴʱߵúܿ죬ѾѾ׷ȥ
ӶǼãӱȽСֻһķӣеķ䶼һԺ档
ܿܵһһǰͣŽš
ڸһӶѰҼµӶ翴߹СãҸӵķ䣬ôվ
ѾѾ뵽ӶĴɩ˵ܿҽȥ𣿡
ӶץץԴǿԣӶļ²̫Ƿɣ
ǵӶ˵ļ²֮ǰһֱڷأҪǼķ϶֪ġ
˵ô˵ѾѾҪȥǸѾѾš
һܽȥڷתһȦͣЩɫҲ˵¹ǰ棬¹ؽš
Ӷɻ󣺡⹷ôˣôһֱҵ¹иͣѲ¹ʲô
Ժ棬СʮʮһĽ˹Ҳ˹վ¹ǰ档
⻰д֮ǰϾŵͳһ


411  Ҫ

¹ǰվ˺ܶˣҶǰ¹š
ɻؿѾѾСãʲôѲйͷ𣿡
Сʮ˫۷ض¹ţСùãôҲˣҲǲӾͶ¹棿
ɼͷ󺹣СãҶڰæҼأʱҪˣҪŻȥġ
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￩һ£ȹڼܹȥߣǶôأôܵҵķˣҷҪǲ˶ܵ𲻣
ӶĴɩˡ
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磬ǿԴ¹񿴿𣿡
ӶĴûлشֱжʾˡ
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Ҫ涼ҵļױǿ
ӶĴɩ˹һƿӶĴ硣
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ӶɩһμôƱ۾һӾͺˣӹƱȻÿԼԭװ˵ڲӵ⣬Щױҵ˸׼ģǵ⣬Բܸǿġ
ȻҪŪˣҾҵˡ
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ӶĴϱƿˣüͷϱߣŭ¹š
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ӣһйŹ֡
ӶʲôƢˣҲܹס֮ǰǸ죬Ӷôʱ䡣
ӶĴɩֵʲô

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ԶԶԣҺȥѼ͵ˣԼļ¡
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ΧҲɵӣ̬Ҳµôˡ
Ӷ˵
ӶĴɫ˵˵ˣϽȥӶʱҪˣӶʰʰϳȥ
Ӷ׺һӶĴɩߵ¹ǰ棬һѰ·ƿСذѵµļùһ£֪ӶǼ£ⲼϻǼǰ׵ʱռ͹ġ
˹˵µļʱ¼ʱȾɼʱֻһʱӶ˼֮ҪϽŲС
ʱ˭ҲûдӶɩ顣
ֻǽڵȴӶŵʱ棬Ĵɩûгֹ

ڸµļʱ֮ǰصϰѾѾȥӶҷ顣
ѾѾֻǰԼ֪Ĳ˵˳ģȵӶš


412 Ļ

ڸڼʱ֮ǰӶӵһϵе֮Ϳʼá
ӶҾֻļСֶӸ˹Ӷĸɩﶼû
ɸӴǡ
֮һж˳
ȵϰѿ˶֮ϰѾѾϷӶҷʲôˣ
ѾѾţϷߣĬĬذŵ˽شӶĴɩļ²ˡ
ϿѾѾСεЦЦûв𴩣ҲĴ㲻ٱѧŮ顣
ʵѼ²ˣΪʲô
ѾѾҡҡͷҲ֪ǽӶ͸Żˡ
üͷԸӶļҲǺõġ
ǧǿʺȻֻӶļ˶ӶˣҲܰǼҸҵġ
ѾѾȥӶĳ棬˵ӶĴĵӦǸõģҪǲãǾӶǶϾϵ
⺢ӣ˵ϾϵͶϾϵġ
ϱѾѾĻЦˣ˰Դ
ѾѾ㿪ϵ֣ƶ˵ΪβǣȻάֹϵͻԼӰ죬ΪʲôҪ֣ѵҪ۸۵İ𣿡
ǰѾѾܾͻ˵ĶǶԵġ
Ͼǻʲô
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Ӷļ˺òãǵĲ²ѣҲѾѾˡ
ֿʼѾѾ·
⺢ôͲĹһЩƯƯȹأ㴩ǸÿȹӾû㴩ġ

ӶҾʲô飬Ӷŵĵڶ죬ļԵѾѾѾѾǵǸһоͿʼˡ
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һһֱΪǵǸϹܵɵСء
⵱еǶɣ
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ССʱͲҪǸŵģԬʸܷܷûЩ
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Ӷļ˶ģҲϣܺãǼҲйϵҲǼӵƻӶ¡
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Ӷ￴Щʲô͵ʵϴ֮ԻҲȫΪε飬֮ǰìǣأƽʱˡ
Ҳһ飬Ƕ˵ӶǰɩĲǣϣŮ˺ܿԽ˵ԽͶ롣
˵ϸζûˡ
ݵúܶԡ
ӶĴȥ죬Ӷϳ֮⣬һЩظ顣
Ѿ˴ǵ磬ѾѾģҪط֮ǰûлõĴȻͼãСʮʮһܹһ˱һȡ

ڸɽ¡
ɽζȼš
Ľһ˰Ѷȼٴ岼úã׼ѾѾһϲ
һʱر˶ȼٴĴţҪѾѾĵһˡ
ȼٴ棬վŷĿˡ
һĶЩŭˣвǴӾĽġ
ʲô˵ȼٴ忪ҵôǶﻹǽȥ
ǸʲôƭˣôŰ
ȼٴ廹˰Ҫǲ͸Ͻ˰ɡ
ȼٴ棬һСɽ棬ǳɽԭеһСɽǵĶȼٴΧСɽģɽŪ˻бļ
ĽϸվɽֱӿȼٴĴſڡ
ѾѾĻҪĻӦ͵˰ɣ
ԽԽ궯ȺüͷĽ˵
ĽƦ˧Ʀ˧żᶨ飺϶ģǺѣҵ϶ġ
ȼٴ岻ԶΪŪˣòײһ͵ĹԱ


413 ľ

ȼٴ岻Զĵطòһ֮ǰŪ˵żĹԱѾ۵ö߲·Ϲ
һ߸·һ߸ǸǶԲˣҪΪ֮ǰżŪˣͲúһôõ·ˣôòŰ͵ȥ֮϶Ҫ۹Ǯˡ
֮ǰǳ꣬Ҫȥ˸ͲżŪˡ

ȼٴɽϣͼ˵Ľ˽ȣȻȼٴտҵڱͻᱩġ
ĽޱؿڵſŵĿˣ˵ǵţҪвͷģԼ뿪ҵĶȼٴ岻дǾˡ
̾ġ
ĽϲŲܣֱ׳˵иǸϲҪ

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ĽϻŴ棬ȵڵ˵ѾѾѾ˵ʱ˹
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ӣѾѾš
ţǸ϶ҪҼˣȻдţⲻ˷ѱī𣿡
ĽֵؽӹţҲȻݣͲ𿪿
֮˲ɫࡣ
ȥ򿪴š
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ˣȻȥˡ
˵˼ȡ
ܵһɺ⣬һ¡
ǰĽ˵ģɽȥ˶ȼٴĴš
ȴһӷӵ롣
ѾµѾѾˡ
ɽȥɽ棬ֻСվɽҡҡͷ˼ҪҪɽ
СӵԴ˽ȥ
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Ľͣߵʯ£ӣ泯棬أãҸѾˣԺ󶼲ٸˡ
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Ľһ壬Ŷȣ̬ЩЩŭǸ֮͸˵ѾˣֵҩҲûаֹϵˣԺҸ֮ĺҲȡ
Ȼ浽ô
ϵݸӺˡ
ĽƣԿǷŵģ߹ȥˡ
յͷ˵һ䣺ãһѾѾġ
ĽϺܷط˼̾ʯߵӱǵֲֽͷػصʯϣ£ţ˵˵Ǹǲ̫ˣȻΪֶҪײμҵĶȼٴ忪ҵ
˵øжΪһҿˣôֶӣٲμһֶӵĳʽʲô˵ġ
ǲĺֻһһ׼ôõľϲ
ԭԭ
ˡ
ĵõ㣬ѾûκκĬĬ߳ɽ
ɽؼȥ׼µ顣
ѾѾ֪ĽǰյĽôôûš
鰸ҪдȥѯһĽϵʱճš
ӣǸˣٷ˳ŵʱٷ˵󡭡
Ϊ˶ѾѾҾһͨũҪһ˼ҶѣеǼҵˣǸ٣Ҳû̫Χ᲻ᱻ˷֡
ټճܺãһֱںҲû
ѾѾ̧˵ɩģ
ţڸٷˣѾ˺üˡ
ѾѾ±ʣαϿʼѰ˼
ɩ֪𣿡
ĿǰӦò֪ƺûҵٷ˵
ѾѾָã˵һ㣬ЩҪʲô
ͷ룬˵ոʲôʱ
Ӧһھ͵ˡ
Уȥɡ
ճˣѾѾҲû˼ٸĽдˣһᣬְѻһĴȻͼó
ڶׯѾ£ûǾѴȻ˱ȽϺá
һһѾԲ鿴ȻͼǶ22͵ĴȻˣе㳬ǰʱļ
Ҫ޸һ£ڻĶ޸֮ͼֽЩԡ
ִĴȻĳʽĽŲʽȻýŲȴϱߵת,
ǰѾһһ۹ܶΣڻһЩβĹǿ˺ܶࡣ
һһͼĽȣȻѯʣȻˣ˭
ѾѾüͷһᣬܿͶ뵽ͼС
ȵͼãóߴ磬꣬˵


414  Ƕ

Ҵǰͼֽȥܷܷ㣬үүǹɣÿҵⶫ
ѾѾյܷܷ֮뵽ġ
һһ棬ѯʣ㲻ĵʱͶ𣿡
İҪǹͶˣأǼѾкܶ˰ͣһʹͣǾ̫עĿˣһǾõͨСӺһЩһ㶼Ҫ
ѾѾ˵һģ˵ֳһֽʼܷܷдţ˵ͼֽ顣

ֹʮգѾѾװѸĽдŵˡ
ӦɽԺԺȥʦ顣
Ժﶼͨѧӣֲȥʲô춯صĴ£ѾѾûҪǿ书ʦֻҪһЩеȭŹ˾ˡ
ѾѾеȭŹҲ١
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ѾѾʹЩ˵вһɽԺǵ
Ժ̸ѾѾȥһٻؼҡ
ΪԬѾȥ˻пյʱһУҪ顣
ѾѾԬʴҪȥ׵ˣ˵ԬΪԬʵ¿ǲĵġ
һһЩ⣺ʵԬҲ󰡣ΪʲôԬҪһֱҶأ
Ͳ˰ɣѾѾΪԼ֪һһһ֪š
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һһ
;ġ
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ھ㣬ǵ𡣡
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㣬ȥ˵ˣ˻𣿡
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ǵԽرŸ
ѾѾȭŴ˵һƺ
ѾѾü΢
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𣿡
ѾѾĵؿӵһȺˡ
ͷƺܴ󰡣֪鲻˵һʲôͷء
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ﰤѾѾ֮ϵȭͷ̧ͣͷѾѾż˵죬죬졭뿪ǡǲŹġ
û£ѾѾվֱ壬һһسȥЩź˵Ȼ㲻Ը˵ʲôǾˣҲ֪ˣЩˡ
Ȼ书ɳ˿Ṧ⣬ûʹ书Ļء
Ҫ򳡼ܶ￴ÿϿˡ
лˡѾѾѾǰ
ҲڿѾѾ
ѾѾġģı˲ˣûиղŵĺ壬󿴵˴˺ܾõĴһ۾Ʋ
ͷ
Сˣץץ
˶˲ϴˣؿѾѾ

ѾѾ˱ǰǽϴ꣬ͷѪڵ
̧ţȭ磬֮䣬һʼ꣬˶ɨڵϡ
ϣûеһʱȥѾѾǴߡ
ԺÑѧģƹ߿߹


415 ײ

ϣûеһʱȥѾѾǴԺ
ڸѾѾͨУͿѾѾƹÑ飬ȻȥˣÑѧҲֻռѣҲȥ
ҪÑѧЧãҲǴƹ㣬ĿǿǴҲҪǿ
ҪȥԺҪһӣߵӿڵʱһؿȥ
ֻʣˡײС֡
һεεŮԷƵٶȴꡣ
ġ
Ů䣬ȵ
һȥһ
Ůŵϱ߹ȥ꿴ãðһ䣺˭Ҫµģ
˵꣬Ҳǵ뿪
Բۣ˴ˡ
Ůһǽڡ
ĿһУֻǰŮײе
θԸķȻ֮
ѾѾע⵽ˣó˲ȾѪ֣ڵķŷ
ΪĹϵ˺þòſ
һֶ̧̣˻ӣðղŵֺÿ𣿡
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ѾѾҲ㶣û뵽Էشôɴ࣬ܿ족ٺ١Цһ£ؿڣȻ㿴һôÿ֣㲻㱨ǲǲ̫ã
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416  Ҫ࿴

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ѾѾҲܿȻѾѾԬǵһμ棬Ϊͨŵʱ䳤˴֮䷢ЩʲôҲ֪
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417 Ӫ

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ѾѾ·𿴵죬ͷϴ͵ñһ㡣

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418 μ棬౧

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󣬸Ͳºȥץ㡣
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419 ҪҸ

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ղһֱЩµģڻعСʮĻһºø˵Ϻһ
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424 ȥɻ

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426 󽫾

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427 鶾ıɱ

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챻Ųӣͷˣɿ֮󣬴˼ԹصѾѾͽܣҪΪʦ𣿡
ѾѾһۣȥ忴

ͷ̾˿죬˦˦򣬰·˦룬Ŵȥ
ͷʱѾˣǻûм档
ͷŴϵܿһᣬֹ⿴е찡͸һ
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һ˿ϣ˿ϵѪҺϾͿʼᣬֹѪЧ
ѾѾִСҳһŵĸɾɴһ飬ܵϣ˿ڡ
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ѾѾ˿ܵ촽ڣշôѪڵѪҺ㣬ˮҲȱˣ㵹ˮιһɡ

ͷڣѾѾҲҲˣڷͷļ˳졣
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428 ⶾİ취

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ӡǸͦߵˣ书Ҳܸߣô׾еġ
֪Ҳֻ࣬һЩԼ֪ݽ
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ѾƷĻһƷĻ󽫾ˣڱ߹ȶĵá
ѾѾüͷȻ⼸ˣǽѾ˴ĻϣſʼԻûȤġ
ƾḻĶ飬Ȼı
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ѾѾһһ˽⵽22͵ѪҪ͵ġ
Ҳͷ˵飬ļ϶ûа취Ѫ͡
ѾѾ͸ͷڵѪ׵ķ
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ϸոհһ˵ѪһѪͿʼͷΣһһ˵Ѫˡ
ѾѾȻȥˣСǼڰ
һһȥ
һ˾ʮ˸ĴеŮģһȦȻֻսҵһ˵ѪҺǸܵѪˡ
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СǼ⼸жûء
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ѾѾҲڵš
ϴ϶ǶԼһһ
Ҳʮһ˯˯߹ˡ
ǻã飬ǵѪɡ
ϴǸջʱ·Ѿ˵˼
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ȵѪ֮ǾͶԼǰ뿴
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æǱߵҲڶ뿴Ǿܲٶһˡ
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⡭⡭⾹Ȼȫںˣ
ʲôʣ


430 㲻

˶ˣǰļ롣
ѪȻںһˣ
ոսһٸ˾ֻһںϣռֵܼдɾȻȫ󽫾ںˣ˵Χ۵Ǿ𾪡
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룬ҲһܵѪֻԼָһԼѪ
棬ѪԭǷֱռһɹûһᣬȻΪһ塣
һһ𣿡
ѾѾѯһһȻ˵ûκιϵˣѪҺҲпںϵһġ
ʵںϵһ飬ԵþЩ̫ˡ
һһĻشҲѾѾһ
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ѾѾšһ
ǾͶˣҵһοʱҲú죬ʱû˭뵽ˡ
һһĻѾѾѯʣ˭


ռҵļֵܸɵļ룬ܵĻѪԿʼˣѾѾҪȥæ
ҪѪȰڵѪУĻڴѪܿͻ»ѪȾˡ
ڵѪ꣬Ҳûġ
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ѪٶǺģִѪȵȫ˶꣬Ѿǵҹʱ
үӵ֪ϢҲϻˣֻе󣬴ҾûȥѪ
ȥѪôһ㣬ܿùȥ𣿡
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ͷ۵ÿϴ˯˵ⲻʱһ㲹ѪĶˣָֻǻЩˡ
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ѾѾЩɻ
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˵ҸСʮǶæأ򰡣˵Ƕˡ
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ʲôģֲɵڵˣʱֱȡǵĳɹˣﻹҪ˷ʱԼȥһ

գү壬ڼһ졣
ѾѾȥܣ״Ʋ˹ù⣬бֵܽ𣿡
үӲѾѾΪʲôҪôʣʵӦһܵܣ߶˶ʮˣҪŵĻӦþ͸󽫾һˡ
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ѾѾǵԼʹܹ˵飬ûʲô
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ѾѾӦҪǸԼĸʧɢ֮󣬾õѪķ׵ģҪϵѪҺͻںһ
Ȼİ취Ҳ켸绹ҸɶܸѪںһ𣬵ûʲô𣿡
ѾѾͷүӡ
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431 Сֻ

үֻһ£һץסѾѾļ򣺡˵⻰ģҪѪںĿȷϵǲǣǲģ
Ūʹˡ
ѾѾŤŤ壬үӵѿ
ѾѾ˼ǻ󽫾п߶˵С𣿡
үӼͰ͵Ƥڲ
ѾѾ˵ͷ˼
ǡǡǡ
үӼЩ״εġ
ҪϾȥǲʧĵܵܡ
С廹ڻԵУҲʲˣҲ֪ʲôʱѹż
һʼ֪ܻܿܵãһ֪ˣЩѰˡ

ļʱ䣬үÿ춼ᵽܵķſһˡ
ͷ˵ܻûѹʧ뿪
ѾѾѾ޷ͼֽ͵ƻǱߣѡַҲѾˣҲȷ˽ʱ䡣
ЩѾѾļֶӣϱҴǱȥ
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ѾѾͷһۣ˵úֻѧǱ͵ѡ
ѧѧͶ߹ܶˣǾҪͷҲġ
ѾѾҲûв
⼸Ϊ˸ܽⶾͷѾˣҪ鶼ͷġ
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˵еҽҪδܹˡ
ɴû˵ҽʲôѪͷȻ
ѾѾĿͷˣջĿ⣬Ŷһ˵ʦҲ֪ʲôˣôҪһġ
˵꣬￴ܣҲȻطȥ۽ǵ⿴ճѾԺӣǵȥ㱨ʲôϢ
ܻڻԽ׶ΣļСĶܹϢڴǻѾѾڵʱСʮΪ׵Ӷҹ
СʮԺ棬ѾѾҪˣСʮæСùҪˣҿ
СֻСܵǽڵһˣɸߵ͵̽ͷ
СùãСû
㣬Сù𣿡
Сʮߵģѹһֶһܵ棬˵Ͼ͹ˡ
ˣˣǸϽȥ
СһѾѾյǽڵһˣæԺȥ
СùãһȫѪĴ󽫾𣿿С˵ҪûѪͻˣǲҪû¾õԼ
󽫾ôѪİ
ʮһƶ˵ţ⻹ʣ϶ΪǴ󽫾󽫾ǺˣûѪҲܻģԸǲһ
Ǵ󽫾һҲ۾𣿡
СһСʮʮһǽԺӣѯʡ
СʮûػعͷԴ˵˰˶ֻһӵģҲֻһӣӵ˶ǲģСһôɵġ
ʮһСʮᵽæ׷Сʮ㣬㲻һڵʱ˵ұҪˣһԱģͲ
㱾ǱģҾ㲻˵㱿Ҳˡ
Сʮֱ׳˵š
㡭ű

Сųžͳܵķſڡ
ʿǹæסǣߣǲˣᳳ˵ġ
Сʮ˫ճȭͷߣؿʿʿ磬һֱڴ棬ûмʲôأǾǿһºò𣿾ͿһۣǱ֤Ϳһۣ϶ᳳϢġ
ʮһںҲ˵ʿ磬ǿòҪѪĽǲǸǳһġ
СһʮһվСʮߣ˵ȥ󽱾ǲ۾ġ
СʮԴ˵ˣÿ˶ֻһӵģ󽫾ֲǲˣôӡ
С˵ˣһǿ׾һӵġ
û±С̫࣬ȻǻᴫȾġ
Ŷ
󽫾ȫʿż˵ĻЩЦãҪȥ䣬˵˵𾢣Ҳû
ȵ˵֮󣬲һ̧ͷʿǲǿԽȥˣ
ʿ
ղ˵ʲô
Ϊʲô⼸СóĽۣ
ڷ棬ڴϵĴ󽫾üͷ˯úܵӣæŴһС죬̽ͷ


432 

ڷ棬ڴϵĴ󽫾üͷ˯úܲӣæһŷ죬̽ͷ˵ǼҪﳳµģᳳ󽫾Ϣġ
ǾͿһۣһǾߡ
Сʮæ˽ȥ
ʮһСһں
ССֻģȻޱȵģܿͼ˽ȥ
򶼻ûзӦʱСֻϳ嵽ǰ
СʮԴЩʧͨ˲࣬о峤ûе񣬲ûѪܻŵˡ
ʮһҲʧһ㶼ᣬΪͷ۵ģû뵽ôͨ
Сһ̾˿û峤úÿ
СֻûзӦʱˡ
һ뿪һ˵Ժ󶼲ˣ󽫾Ҳûʲôرġ
ԣԺҲ뵱ʲô󽫾ˣһ㶼ڲͬ
ôͨΪʲôѪأ

Сֻ˵ǵ뿪ԽԽС
ЩؿһۣϽ͹˷š
ѾѾԺӣճڸѾѾ㱨ٰϢ
һʱ֮ǰҲٷ˳ȥϵʱ򣬳˴ӵСͱ
һʱ֮ǰС
ÿ춼Ҫȥϣÿ춼ûʲô鷢ÿȥ϶ֻгˡ
ӳʱ򣬿Ѿεڳԯϡ
ǰվһİˡ
ʲôˣ
شѥһذס
ռҵ˳̫˲ʺ⣬һЩ˶һЩȭŹ
Ҳõһذס
֮ͳһذ׵ԭΪʶǸպþóذףذõĲ٣Ƚϱ˻ղضѡ
İ˷·ûпóذһԹԵ˵һ˵
㵽һԣ˵ΪʲôҪġ
Ȼ㲻Ը⣬ҾͲˡ
İӲͷȥŰȥ档
ֻȭŹ书˻ܴ£һ书ˣʲôǣֻʱ׵ĸһ
ſңҿ๫кӵˣﻹһôȻҲŹġ
Ҷֻ̫ܾذ˽в
İӰһۣڵվ˲ŷſ
ģҲôֻ㣬ѡ
㲢ӣǰ¹ˣҲ֪¹ԨĹϵġ
һ¶ڵļ˻ܽ𣿡
İӵĻ͵ҡͷܣ˵ƭңҾҵĺӡ
İЦſôѪ飿

ѾѾճİİӵ̸ʵȷ˵ɩǰ¹ˣ
ճ˵ͷûȷʵô˵ġ
Ǹ˸ɩô죬Ϊ˸ɩ飿
ѾѾЩɻ
ֻΪ˸߰ݣûҪϺķôʱ䡣
ճҡҡͷȻǣǸ˵ЩΪвɩǼӽˮİ취Ū֣ǡ
Ϊӽˮģ
ΪӽˮģѾѾ;һжˡ
ӽˮһҵʳü¹֪Ԩӽˮ֮󣬿϶취ռġ
û뵽ǵİ취ǹҪЮɩ
ɩӦ𣿡
ѾѾȽһ㡣
ճȻûУٷ˵ˣΣ˵˵Ǽ˲Ϊǰ¹˾Ͱ˵ģƾ޾ݣŲĻ
ȷʵɩ˵Ļ
ˣȲҪ߱ˣʱ䣬͸ɩ߱Щлɳˡ
ǣ
ճˣѾѾϣ̾˿
ǼҺԽԽˡ
ҪҵС壬ɩǰ¹ˣԺСʮҪ޸ǻ᲻һʹ̰
һһ㻹©һԼҲǹҵĹӸӵġ
һһʶѾѾʱ򣬻ΪԼԽһͨũˣû뵽ũھȻôĲͨ
ͨũﻹôĴűȾõҶҪ𾪵İɣ¾ʹȲ
δǻԽԽˡ
ͿԿˡ
ѾѾȻ˵˵¹Ů˵ϵģ֪ɩڻʲôأ

ֹ죬ѹү⼸϶شһ֪ˣæܹ
ʮˣܵøһ
ܲȳȥһ£лǽ˵
һܣܳ˵ͷ
ֻܿʣܸүӡ
үۿ죬촽Ŵϵܣ


433  ûӺܿ

үۿ죬촽Ŵϵܣ㡭㻹𣿡
㻹ǵ֮ǰ𣿡

û֪үӸ̸ܺЩʲô
үӴܵķ֮󣬾Ͱռҵĸλ˹ȥ
ռҵССС֪ԼһСС幫̫幫顣

ϣúŵб棬һլ棬ͬţŷ˵˼仰ͱ˽ȥ
լӵƫһŮϣﱧһֻҰɫĳëȩ̀һͬû
û
Ůԣüһ̱ŭϵèͬ˹ȥС¶첻á
ͬûлӦһ䣬㿪ֻèޱ˵ҵʲôʱԵ֡
ӣ鶼ûף㻹Ҫӣ㻹˰Ҳòļ˰ɣźߣ
ͬɫ˱䣬ޱȵ𺣬ؿŮң
Ůһ߿˳èЦҪҪҸҲң
㡭
ͬݺݵҧת뿪
Ůѵèèڰ¶ѪЦݡ
һźɫۣɫߵ˴ƫϵӺ߳ߵһ£̧ŮѾܳʱˡ
Ůæֵ̿ع£˵Ľűߣţ˿ˣӣһᾡǵֵġ
𣿡
Ů°͡
Ů˳˵ȥƵԼļ򴦣·»

ֳ˼֡
Ů崩·ͷϻ̳Ͽֵ뿪
µĺ⸲ǣңһҪҹӣҪһҪǧٱҳԹĿ඼Ҫǧٱػ㡣

ѹ֮ͷֹһΣȷѾûʲô󰭣ֻҪúõС
үֻҪһпվͻ죬ЩһģȥԹЩʲô࣬Ҫ𡭡
ܵܰҲˣ㿴ǲҲöˣЩֶӺܶ㻹ģɶкüˣֶﶼСˣ׵Ķû˵ȥ
ʮһүӹ죬Աصͷû幫ûϱûкӵʱ򣬹ʱɳԿˣҪеôҪĺɶˡ
Լûкӣûа취Ѻջȥ
ҵһˣÿιʱǶǾúܿġ
ΪҪܶຢӷȻպ˾ֻһ
ÿϣҪ۸׵ʱ򣬶ԺҪӰѾӳС
ˣ幫Ǵ󽫾ǲǣܲܰҽѵҵ
ɻˣǴףһϲ׵·ȥû·ڵ˿ʹʹˣڸﶼ׵
϶׵ƨƨ
ǸҳûߣҶȥױҲҵ·ҡ
ү꣬ɫǺ죬Σ޲ðץȴһ١
СںǰҲ֪һ£ʲô˵
ˣȵߵæˣȰץһȡ
ʮһĻһ£漴Цֺʮһ
ȵʮһˣʮһԴͷ˵幫Ȼǽ幫Ҳкܶǹܲ˵ģ۸ףֻ֮䶼ѡ
ʲôԺ󳤴˾ͻ֪ˡ
У֮ܣɲԱ͵Ҳ͵
Ӳȥ˵֪
ȻҪ֪ˣѿģףһһǾѿҴڼˣҪ𣿡
ʮһƶǶص˵ͷ
֪ˣԺ󶼲͵ʲô飬Ҳȥ˵ġ
幫ҸոҪ˵Ļ˼ҾҪ㣬Ҫûгûкӣʱܿġ
СùǳûûӣÿʱҪɶɶˣҿСùڰʱ򣬿ѹˣÿζֹҪͰźֽȥˡ
ûаֽȻҿ϶ҪϾϵġ
˭պҪյֽ
үӣ
·ܹѾѾʱжơ
ϾǼزū
׬ӶøɽɽһɿٵøƵģ㶫Ҫּۻۣ˼۵ľֱӲˡ
뵽үεҡҡͷ
뿪˴֮ҲѾѾǼ˱ѣѾѾزūıţЩúЦ


434  տ

ʮһܸүҲ֡
ţ˵ĸ׽˲١
ƻǱ޷ĽβѾѾֹȥһΣ˶ڵһЩʩ׼뿪ʱֳͬˡ
ѾѾǰ
ΪСֻҪ֣ѾѾġ
סѾѾɻƿӣͬüͷô
ͬᶨؿѾѾҪɻ
ѾѾšüģЩͷץץͷΪʲô
Ҫ㡣
ͬ˵˵εĻ
ء
ѾѾӲͷˡ
ͳ˿ʱ䡣
ڴ˿һˣͻ뿪ǵĹңѾѾӦСʮһļģڻҪȥ׼
ȴһĿĲס·˭ò̫ˡ
ͬſ˫֣ᶨ档
˵Ҫᡣ
˵ʱһμʱͬЩӲ
˵ĲĻ
ѾѾɫÿ
Ҫ汨㡣
һһٵǿš

ѾѾܾһһֹҽԿҪʲô棬ʱ˿ס
аɡ
ѾѾǸˣòԾģֱӾܾ˾ǣ˷Լʱ䡣
һһ˵úе
ȰҪЩʲôܱĴεرҪá
֮ͨѾѾϸĿڣ鲻ǺܺþˣӲ˵аɣŪ͹˰ɣ
ˡ
ûллûим
ͬޱˡ
н
СùãҾƺǺԸһΪʲôҪ氡ŵں𣿿ûпеΪʲôҪ֡
СʮͬĲԸˡ
¶ʡ
ʮһ֣֪
Ȼŵ˵֪ΪʲôҪˣ϶ΪȱӣҪӣһҲҪңǼҵӶϣҪǵúڼչң׾Ͳӵ
ûȥóԵģĶˡ
Ҽǵүү˵ģΪʳΪ
СΪΪ
үү˵⻰˼˵Ϊӵ,Ϊ
ǸһԸȻҪСùͬ棬϶Ϊȱӡ
ʮһѵ˵ôеĻѾѾ͵ض˴Ĵָ
뵽ϵһͬʱƺΪ̫ˣԲŻᱻ۸ġ
ô룬Ĵεͬ棬ƺͿԽ͵ùȥ
ֻǣѾѾеԭδؾô򵥡
̬ͬȱ仯̫ˣòȥ̬Ⱦ֮ɡ
СʮһʮһԴߣϲװģ˵⻰Ҳ֪һǵүү˵ģϾñط֣־ñغϵĻǼҸദôʱ䣬Ϳ϶ֿġ
ȵֿʱˣǿ϶ͻٴطġ
ʱͻӭȢңǾͻˡ
ԣСùãǿҪôһͱʽɡ
СʮôȻȻľͰѻصеѾѾǾͦġ
˵ǾڼտɣȻŪձݣ涨ϯÿ˶Ҫ׼һĿԳ裬裬ҲԵ֮ġ
ѾѾĿǰļʶŪտͦõˡ
ϾҶûڼտ
Ȼһ˵꣬Сʮͺĵɴ۾ʲôտǸƽʱһ𣿡
ɣտһȺΧһмŸ̿¯ӣϼӣȻԼԼϲԵʳ
СʱѾѾԹһγ̫⣬Ȼϻˣͱƹһʱ䲻ٳЩϻĶ
ʹһһǵ֪һֿԴҾһտҲûڼռ
СʮѾѾ˫һӾˡ
ܺ棬СùãǸϽȥɡ
ţһҪϴ򼸸տӻҪȥץֻҰҰûҪǿһֻ͸ˣԳԿȫ򡣡
տͦģڻͼֽȥϴü
⻹Ҫؼ˰æἸ¯ӳС
ʮһһȫ򣬾˷ܵ˵СùãҪûǿԳҾóԿȫӦҲóԣһ㣬Թܶ˳ˡ
ʮһ˵֮͵ضһ¡
ѾѾọ̀
СʮһʮһԴ˵ʲôûǾͳͺˣҪģԺô


435 ɻ

ʮһͷǾ͵˲ܹˣٳ
ֺݺݵضһ¡
ѧԺӣɵɼֶӶڼ
ѾѾֱӰտҪ׼Ķɷǣȥ
ɸһͷ¯ӣȻ˵ĸôûӦѾ˰ɣ
ǰĸò֪Լûпãûؼ˰ɣ˵ĸҲǵģǼûʲôϣûпòʲôò˼ػؼҵİ
ᵽɣʹɵ˵˭˵ûõģ
ĸ磬ڻˣ㿼ôˣ
ɵһʱϵש飬˹
ûԡ
ɿԺשͷŪһķ򣬺ѯʣʲô
Ū¯տѽС˵ɺóˡ
ɾϲС֪ҽף𣿡
ɰһۣ˵ǣСôΪ˸С
ձ˵ҲӦҪģСʮˣҪǻ壬ǽԼı֡
͸Сʮˡ
磿ʲô˰
ɰѱݹȥСϣžѯʡ
ＸӱĺȥѧöģǶģȻʱ򿴵Ķǻһȥɡ
һȥģֵ֮Уɾ͸ɸá
ɾͰ˵ˡ
𾪣ô˵Ժпܾͼ޸һˣ
̾˿ɲСʮϲճˣȻү̸СùǶͬ⣬ҪСʮԼֵĻҿ¿ܾͻôˡ
ʱҪöˡ
͵ҡͷǲУСʮǼҵĴ󱦱أԺ϶ǲԼ޵ôԶĵطȥġ
ɼ̾
ѾѾڳ̼ɩ⣬׼῾Ҫõĸֽϻзۡ
ôòˡ
ղʲôᷭ˵ɻˣͳȥɿƿ顣
ֻԼ𣿱ôûиһ
źƶǵļȥˡ
Ŷ㿼Կôˣ𣿡
ѾѾŪ¯ӺЩˣҪǷ̿ڷŸûʲôȶˣкɹ¯ӵٶש顣
ڱϿӦԵĿƽʱԼʱͿԿӦûͦ˳ģ˵ܿϾˡ
ôģѾѾ𾪡
Ϊֻȥ͵ء
֪ʲô˼ɣЩԹ
Сãֶ𣿡
ѾѾٺ١ЦЦ˵ЦģЦģô˵ҲֶӣҪ˶ˣ̫ˡ
ǡһҲûпڿЦ
ɣﻹŪһ㣬ٳһשɣǼкܶܰӣҪЩĻ¯ӵĸ߶ȾԵ̫ˣտʱͲǺܷˡ
ѾѾȻһ¯ӵĸ߶ȡ
˵
ǲӦǰͻôϵŵң
ڰѮʱ򿼵ģ죬궼¶ʮڶˡ
ǲŵҡ
ѾѾɵúһ䡣
˵ɺȻЩˣ̫ùˣԽ֮ǱҪֱӻؼҵˣǱڿǰĹӸӲ˵Լ֮Ͳ˶˵͵ġ
Ǿͱ֪ץȥʮ죬֪˵ŷǳġ
ѾѾȻԭȷʵǺܵùģһΪΪ̫ģҪڸǶס죬ֲ˼ء
ɺȻЩԹˣСãڸǱôã˾ûҪȥ̽ǵϢ𣿡
ﱻŵʱɾż˿ôûûлȥ϶˹ģһ϶϶øֹϵȳġ
Ȼʮ죬ûһ
û᲻ʱˣļҲû˻֪
ѾѾһֲۣŮӣ㻹źһԼˣźֲǿ϶µİΪʲôҪȥ̽ǵϢ
һˣѵǻҪϺúɶ𣿡
ɣ
ȷǸɣһֱû
һŮеļͥ棬ɾԼӦҪľģȥ¯ˡ
ȵȣ㻹ǵðŪη˭𣿡
֪Ԫ֪ҴҵĺӸ˾ҵĺӣõ˵ڸСһĴڣ˵ʲôǾֻϵùˣû˸Ұ˵


436  ǵİ鱻

ڸǵλͦߵģû˸ҵǡ
ҾοƾӦÿòôӸӶֲ壬ѧʱϰ֮ʲô˼㲻
ڿ֮ǰ˸˵̸ǵ֪Щӡ
ˣ׼տĶɡ
Ѿ֪Է˭ˡ
ѾѾҪտԬʿ϶ģԬ֣غͷҲˡ
ѾѾȥźƸСǿ
˳ףһǸողμƾٿԡ
տȫʳĶѾѾҵļɩ׼ģмᣬȣţţţ廨⴮ţ⴮Ūһֻ򣬾ȥһЩЩ˲ٵ⴮
ȥɽץ˼ֻҰҲûЩһֻĿ
Ҳ׼˲١
˸⣬϶ٲ˸߲ˡ
˺һƬƬĴײˣһһӣлƹƬƬ²ˣףһС
ѾѾһһѧġ
Ȼ֣ѾѾĿǰ滹ûпĵϣֱӴϵͳ̳һȻ˸ƿװ
տ֭Ƕһġ
ЩϵĻֲߣѾѾҪ࣬ҲͲôˡ
ѾѾЩʲôһһԼҪˣǰҪ۾Ļ
ܷˣֻ²۵ֲȱ֣ﻹҪôС
üʱ䣬ѾѾϵͳִӵļټǧڶʮˡ
ϵͳ̳ڶһֻҪʮʮֱּǾ޿
ѾѾ۾ģֱӵط˸ۡ
ǲᶮġ
ӻǻ֣϶ҪεקϣǲԼġ
һȥˣɾûˣûҪ⵰ˣ
һһ
ôΣʶҲſǸ°ɡ
ʳĸ¯Ӷ׼òʱԬҲˡ
һͱСʮȥտձݵ顣
Ԭ壬һ̨ɣŷҶҶŷԬһɣվԱ߲öˣϸЩҶ
СʮӾ˵ŷҶĹ£ҾԼŷҶһ
ŷҶ忭ŮҶ̫ŵĶŷֿమΪܵӵĹ¡
СʮԼ֮Ȼû𣬿֮кܳܳľ룬вܴ䣬Щ׵Ķħ
ԬûŷҶĹ£ˣСʮһ˶ݣһ
Ҳ̨֪ʲôˣСʮֻȥһ
ԬʹϵҡͷܾҪ
Сʮ˫ֻأԬʣݵĻҾ͸Сù˵۸ˣСùÿ϶ߵġ
ѾѾƽ۰СʮҪǵ֪Լ۸Сʮ϶ԥذϳȥġ
Ԭһ뵽ԼҪԲôһͺܺóԵˣϾЩˡ
ϽʹӦСʮãҴӦˡ
տῪʼѾѾ˵ģտҪȤԼʲôʲôǴҾȥԼϲԵһʼûо飬ˡ
ʧ˼֮󣬴ҺܿտؾܹԳԵĶˡ
ΨѾѾ⡣
Сùã⿾ʲôô̼һģⶫ˳ˣȷж𣿡
Сʮһ𾪵ضѾѾ⴮ͬʱ۵س⴮
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ҾСùãҪҪ²Ҫأ㿴㿾ô඼ǿ˵ģⲻ˷ʳ𣿡
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˷ôʳͶԲǵŬˡ
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437 һ

ռǽϰ׹᳹׵ģǽĳϣ϶ҲҪϰ׵ġ
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Сʮܿͽ뵽ɫ棬ؿޡ


438 Ľ׳

ǱݵŷҪһĻŷᲮɱˣеͳ߾ŷ
һʹҶģǳŷ
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440 ǿ

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һײҲֲζ¥ӣҲٶ׷κˣײ൱Ǿ֡


442 Լ¥

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ڲһˡ
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ڰζ¥ǣˡ
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ױƺûʲô仯
ֻǹǣǳǳЦЦ
Сʮʮһһ˳⣬ռᣬֳһͼļȣЩˡ
СʮԼԲĶѾѾСùãǶζ¥֮ǳԵٷ˭ӰƯôӦúܹɣҸʮһԱˣҪͰʣµĲ˶˰ɣܹٸӡ
ѾѾѾܾûƯˣû뵽׻ӲƺСʮƯ硣
ЩҪġ
ҪСʮ̳׵ĳƺ̳ġ
ѾѾֻЩЦ
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һףƺû˼ɴСʮ˵˼䡣
˵ǹӲǰζ¥ĶˣǳԶٷӻеġ
ǼҹӿɸСòһҼҹӴء
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ѾѾûһڵسŲˡ
СʮԲĴ۾һῴɣһῴףҲ֪ʲôȻѾѾ·˵СùãѾŪôҶ֪ûоò˼
˵̫ϲƽϵ˾ͻûѵġ
СùþΪ̫ģԵҲûм޳ȥ𣿡
ʮһȻ򣺡ԭСùΪԭϹŵġ
ѾѾ

¥棬רˡ
ûѾѾʲô顣
ѾѾСһڰζ¥Բ֮󣬾ֱӻش档
һһٶ׵ʱ򣬱ϱ
ѾѾڻ˰ɩ֮ǰȥǼҾ¥ԹŴźһ֮Ͷζģⲻһ̲֮סԼЩһ㳢
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ϱһʳУʳװŵӦþ˵ĹŴźˡ
ǹƮļڡ
ʳ¥ҲƳ˹Ŵź
ϱ˵ȥʳ¥ԹѾѾ⡣
ѾѾüͷ
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ϱ֮ǰȥһѾѾСʮҲ
Сʮ̽ͷ⿴ʣǵ꺦ҲûĻ𣿿ΪʲôҪСùó԰ҪСù𣿡
ϱСʮ⻰ΪѾѾûпСʮݺݵصһۣί˵Сǰɲԩɩ˰ɩôܻᶾСùأɩӾ˵óԵģҪѡ
Щ꣬ǴܹĺӣɶǶСء
ҪûСãǼǰһδˮܾͻˡ
Ҳ£СãŻᴦԵģڲͬˣЩҶͨˣСҼĺˡ
λҾҪúõرġ
ѾѾ̾˿ͷ˵Ҳ˵ôϻˣϽÿɡ
ϱ˵ĻŶš
ϱǾʳУҪ˵ʲô
ѾѾԸֱײȥ
Ŀʼʻˡ
ϱŵæԱ߶ȥ
Զϱ·˶һ㡣
СùãǸҪʲô˵ɻɻˣôΪʲôҪֺСأ


443  ̫ҽ

ϴδϱռ֮ϱ͸Сʮ˵ϱ飬صǿ˴ϱܻܻСʮҪ
Сʮһֱ
Сʮʵ⣬ѾѾԼ֪
ϱոյΪԾֺģҪ
ǰҵûǺܺõʱ򣬴ϱûҪֺǼҡ
˵֮ˡ
ѾѾ֪ڵûջصڴӽһԺӣȴѰЩש߷Ҫöˡ
ѾѾһᣬû𰸡
Ҳٻʱȥ롣
ϾϱҪʲôû̫Ĺϵ
ҪʹˣҲġ
˵ˣǸϽؼҰɡ
ϾҪˣս֮ɾҪȥѧöˣᵽ˼㻹ְɡ
ѾѾСʮԴ˵һСʮúĵ顣
ڼﲻȴˣүӾ͹涨˼ĺ֮Ҫȥѧá
Ǽģ˼ҵĺҲҪȥѧõģкӻŮӡ
ǲ껹Сܰʲô
ȥѧܽѧ֪ʶҲǵϹܵĺá
ڴ˵ȥѧˣǵĻʡһЩûʱȥչǡ
Ƕں˵һȥѧþ͸˼ˣϾҪʧȥɵˡ
ϿεʱûɣҪѧ档
ѧʱ仹ҪΡ
ҪȥˣǶҪѧö鲻ܸȥ
ֻһˡ
Ȼ˵ǰǰ²һģһѾ˺ܶ࣬ɶڲʮĺ˵ʱ
˵һ죬죬һĿΣǶ㣬޲ÿ춼źá
СʮԹؿѾѾСùã㲻Ҫ˵ôĵ飬һ춼ûоġ
û£ûоȥ棬þڼ֣Ȱǧѧɡ
ѾѾ˵赭дġ
Сʮ޾ɵԴ

Сù̫ˣ϶Ǽ޲ȥġ
СʮѾѾȥ֮ǰŸտ޹Ҫȥ˽һ˸ϱԹ˲Ҫд⣬顣
ȵСʮǱץȥ֮ϱҵѾѾ
СʮѾͷˣ
˵ѾѾ;ΣӦˣֿ׸ˡ
ʲô
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ǿ϶ǲһġ
Уҵȥĸ˵˵УʱСʮѾͷһޣĸʲôͬˣĸǳǸѾͷˣŻרȥϲЩʹˡ
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ϱҹִҴææسȥ
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һһɩСʮǲʲô⣿
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ѾѾҡҡͷ
ȻǿֵģǾûʲôõĵˡ
ȵСʮ˿Գ׵䣬Ҹ˧˻ǿ϶ͻ׸ġ
СʮȷŵһߣѾѾȰѿ˾¥֮ҪĲд
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֮ǰҲǰѲϸǵġ
ֻҪûϵˣôҲ˵㡣
ѾѾ鷿ﳭ׵ʱ򣬶Ȼܹˡ
ҪҰȴˡ

ǲͷġ
ͷѾѾһסô꣬ҲûѾѾ͸¶Լ֣ЩѾѾͷͷغ
Ƕ
⻹ǵһ˵ǼѾѾ±ʣѯʣͷļҹˣ
֮ǰͷһ˵Լʧˡ
ֻѾѾһֱͷ̫ܳԣ˸ϳˡ
ڿļķֻ֣ͷʹˣҪϽһȥþôļҲС
̶̵ļʱ䣬ѾѾѾԲһϷ
ҡͷǣ˵ԾǵĴ˵ҽܺãָһġ
Ŷ
ԭǼˣѾѾЩʧվҳȥɣȥѧ֪ͨͷ
ǡ
ѾѾŶȥԾǵĴЩ޽ǵͷףɴŵ·ӲһȻ


444  ȥĽ

ѾѾŶȥԾǵĴ򣬴Щ޽ǵͷףϴһɫӣǳģһ⣬ЩȻ
ž˾Ǹˡ
ѾѾ̫ҽæվ˵ã˵ϴͽھ˵ϴ¼Ľģ죬үүС
ǰɣһᣬѾȥ֪ͨʦˡ
̫ҽͿЩˣ͸˶١
Ҫүүǰѵıˡ
ǿ϶еġ
̫ҽ㶣ҪѾѾĳƺ
֮ǰʹѾѾϢ֪ѾѾĵŮѾѾȻСʵʱָء
ѾѾһ壬ƺҲܹˡ
̫ҽѾѾԥ˺ܾãչ֪ʦϲЩʲôأ
ҪͶá
ԸͷѧҽĿԾʹһЩˡ
ѾѾ˸̫ҽ˲裬Ҳһ˼һӦϲԺóԵĶֻҪǺóԵĶԡ
ͷ͸һͯһ
ΪһóԵĶʲôӶˣʱرҪظСһԵġ
̫ҽǸʦΣʼǵѧһ׷ʣϲЩóԵĶأ
ѾѾҼҼɩĸֵĸֲȻҼҾ¥Ĳȣԡ
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ղҪˣֲóˣѾѾעʱĵ̢ţص档
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ѵڵ˶ôҪģ
һεǼѧ͵ˣ
ȥͷ˺ܿˣСظѾѾ˵˯û˸ȥ
аɡѾѾӻ֣̫ҽ˵ʦ˯ҪǻҼŰɣҪȥæˡ
ѾѾ̫ҽŻ᲻͵ĵģѿռ̫ҽԼȥӡ
ѾѾվˣߵſڵʱ򣬻عͷȥһۡ
̫ҽһ鵰⡣
ûע⵽ѾѾڿ
ѾѾ

ϳԷʱͷûл̫ҽҲûߡ
ѾѾǿ϶Ҫ̫ҽԷġ
ҲܲظѾѾһ˲ϡ
֪ǾǹģռҵˣСʮʮһڶʲô͵еĺӣߴߴظ̫ҽǵ顣
Сùø˵ǵĲ˶Щƫˣ𣿡
ǵ˶ʱ򣬺ľͻ𣿡
ǵıǺ«ıǺ«ó𣿡
ǵĵĻǼҵĵĺó𣿡

ǵ̫ܶ࣬ҽӦӦˡ
ռҵ˾Ͳ̫ҽ˵ˣǿʼ˵Լ顣
϶մлѾѾѾѾǲǳ˰ǲǺܳʱ䶼ûидˣнûյĵˡ
϶ʲô¶ϱ˵СҲ֪ٹĽϸѾѾдŵ飬˵
˵ԴӵĶȼٴ忪ҵ֮ûиѾѾд˰ɣòѾѾûвμӶȼٴĿĻʽЩˣ
Сϲ˵ѾѾҲû֮ĽϾûидˡ
С˵ΪĽ
ѾѾҡҡͷò̫ܣĽϲŲôСˡ
̫ҽ͵ؿѾѾ𾪵չʶӣ
ѾѾĽΪʲôԭ򲻸дأԣؿ̫ҽҲʶĽϣ
ǰ֮ǰһֱںڸǱչӵģֻӵһֱûкתļŻᵽܲһҽǹȥæӿġ
ȻҶʶĽϣѾѾɩ˵ĻѾѾĽ֮ĹϵƺܺһҲͲʲôͬʱҲ˽ģѾѾܰ˵ͷȥһ˺ڸ
ѾѾŵÿӶˣ̫ҽĽϿˣΪԭŲһŵģ
ǣǡ̫ҽۿԼĻѾѾˣæ֣ӵ廹ܺãֻʱ䲻ˣҪǻϵĶˣ¡
̫ҽû˵Ļ
ѾѾҲˡ
̾˿˵ֻϧҵҽڻãȻҾܹˡ

̫ҽҲ뵽ԼһˣҽУεصͷϵķ˷
ѾѾûһһһһҵҽԾĽϵˮƽ١
Զأ
һһԥ˻ᣬûаʣµĻ˵
¸ѾѾϣҪʧ
ҪĽϳҽ⣬ҩҲǺҪġ
ѾѾûȵһһĲҧ촽˵壬ȥĽϡ


445 û

ʲôҪȥڸ
𾪵ؿѾѾ
ѾѾͷҲĽϡ
ѾѾѾʮˣٹͿԳף˵ĹǲʺϾܵġ
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ͷȥĽβ
ͼѾѾʦһȥ𣿡
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ͷҹҩź˵ˣû˯ѡ
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ȵͷʱѾǴ硣
ѾѾŸͷ˵Ҫȥڸ飬ͷҡͷȥȥǵطһ㶼棬ȥⶼһˣʺô;ġ
ѾѾ᲻Ҽҵķˡ
ͷѧﻹпεġ
кܶѧŸѧϰҽҲȷʵǲ뿪̫á
ȻѧϰҽԿƾٿûʲô;ЩѧǽѧõĿľͲǱſƾٿȥġ
еֻҪѧ֣еֻҪѧľҪѧһ֮
ѧн书ģн̵ٵģܻӭĻҽ
Ĵ˶ѧҽԺ׬ˣѧҽԺҲõġ
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ͷҡͷȥȥһˣҪҸȥˣ·ٳʲô⣬˭ָҿ˵ֲģ˭ȥԼ䣬ȥһȻñ𣿡
̫ҽ
ͷ̬ȼᶨҲ˵ʲô
ЩרͷѧҽģȻͷҪڴֻܸͷڴ档
ѾѾһȥڸ
ȥڸ֮ǰҪүӵͬ⡣
ѾѾȥүӣүӻˡ
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֮ǰ˵ԼԻа£пܾǼҵĵڶˣһȺΧүӣ
ĿϾ𣿡
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ɱ֣վȺ档
үӿһۣ̾˿˵ûпϡ
ʲô
𾪵ؿүӣЩš
үû˵ʲôϵһһٶûпϣԼû𣿡
ǡⲻܵİ
ʱĿģʱ
òرõΣǿ϶Ҳġ
ѾѾûɣүӣźƸأӦÿ˰ɣ
ѾѾֺƾ㿼ףҲǰġ
ϣүҡҡͷûҲûϣ˵θɲࡣ

ѾѾšüĸһһ˵
Ҫûпһ⣬ɾͲǶӣ㿼ˣҲֻöѡ
źƸ綼ûпϣǾͲˣӲǾȻɿòΣ
ⲻ𣿡
һһȷʵ̫˿ԵʱεˣǿԵʱûзӺãҲڻῼĳɼġ
а˵ȥȷһ¡
ˣſڣүӻش̲꣬סֹźôܿأǲʲô⡣
ɿүӣţҿ϶Ҳġ
ֻүӾ͸ûĻһ
ӾֻźƸСǿ
ѾѾҪȥˣɰԹؿүһۣѾѾһȥ˵ҲҪȥ
ѧҲɵԣѾѾغɫСȥæҲȥһߡ
Сã㲻ҿϾҲܲ𣿡
·ϣɻͼѾѾҲòƽ
ȻѾѾƵؿһֱۣ˵˵á
ɣһҳߵġ
ѾѾԴһ᣺УҪ߼ĶͿԡ
ɣ
ܵĶ⡣

СӵĹ͸ϵſڡ
ΪŰſΧ˺ܶڿİ񵥡
ѾѾɼ˺ܾòżȥ
ϳаֻصģǵĶС
ɵĴ϶ɣǽġ
һ񵥶ˣȷʵûпԼ֡
ûģûźƸСǿġ


446 ǾȻ

ѾѾܿͿ˰񵥣ȷʵү˵һ
ɸźƻСǿǶûпϾˡ
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СңҪϲ𣿡
ſڣСϳѾѾѯ
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Сܿͳȥݲ衣
¥ݿڵСסСϲû
ûУֻһˡ
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ѾѾһ̤¥˲䣬˿̣ѾѾλ᲻󷽵ھ¥ˡ
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֮ǰÿãֻ˽˵үǿƾʧûܿϾ˵ġ
ͳŰοοҶѾѾһӦûô󷽵ġ
ЩģԼҲûжӣҲ˳ԷСǴ඼Ǽ־ѾѾο϶һС
ȻӮˡ
ѾѾĵ¥СС׬һʣֻмʮǮһֺǵòУŹЧʶ˲١
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ʱڿ˸Ц
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˵ǿϾˣ
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Сţһ˽ֱѾѾɶһ衣
ĲðѾѾűӣһᣬڣ֪ˣһȥġ
ԭܹõ׵˶ûпϣ˵ǲѧˣ󿼳ĳɼ
Ҫ˵û⣬ѾѾǿ϶ŵġ
ƾٿΪ͢ѡ˲ŵģԹƽҪѡһЩƷв˵ˣǹ֮
漰͢µ飬ѾѾϰдŸĸɵ˵
֪ɵʲôģǸɵ϶ʶ˵ģ˵֮󣬻϶ܵõ
ε飬ѾѾҲдŸ˵
үֻһСֻһ鲻Ǻܺʡ
ñīҡ
ѾѾҲʱ䣬ֱӾͿд

ԵдŸɵ˵ˣѾѾͲٹ£ʼʰң׼ȥڸĽϡ
ٲߣҪȥˣڸǱߵĶ±ѩ·ҲкĻѩʱ·ߡ
֮ǰѾѾǳ˹
£ճգǶڼǸȥˣҪǱҼ˵İȫ𣿡
ݺĻֻûҳѾѾҵġ
㵽ֵ˶֣صӦһǡ
ճ˵ӣСѾǴﱣļˣû¼ҲûϵģǱɵģҪߡ
ѾѾذ֣ãǴִ򲻹ңҽûҺãֲҲûãһˡ
ǳͬʱᵽĵĸо
µȻѾˡ
ڱ˶˵ûʲôõĴˡ
ճϻԲ·ˣҪȥʳ¥ԵĻܻٳһ뷹ֻܳԵ˶ѡ
ڴصעһ´ϱͬɩĴĸҪʲô
ǡ
꼸飬ѾѾȥˣͬʱȥ޷˼޷ԬĽ
Ϊ֪Ľڶ߶ˣǰԬʵȥõġ
ǴһҲܴܱС˵ĺá
ĽϴˣȻҲҪ˴һҲû¡
Сãλᾭǵģ㲻ĸɵһ𣿡
ھ͸޷£ѾѾƺ˼
ãҲھͣɵǷö͹ȥС
УԬ޷ǵȥǼҪӣЩóģһһӾС


447 ײǷ

֪ѾѾҪȥĽϣԬҲҪȥ
ԬҲĽϵĺѣѾѾҲûоܾ
׼ˣھ¶ʮһ죬Ҳүͨѡĺӵһ죬ѾѾԬСʮʮһĿ뿪˴ӡ
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450 ûѵ

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454 ʮһ

棬弱Ҵҵسլķܡ
ſڸ峤ϱһժǣãĶǳˮˮģ˾Ŷ˺ܶ࣬ĵ˵Ļƶ
ڶˮҲˣֿʼ˻ƶ
һɫŵܹŵæϵĶǣվ󿴣ʵʲôˣ㲻Ǵʮһһȥʮһأôûһ
СʮѾȥѧˣСһ̫Сˣʮһ治һȥ
ʮһڼҪȥ棬һʱ֮ǰڲţʮһȥץˡ
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ŵ˫һҺô峤ϱס
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Ҫʮһˣұ֤ԺҲ۸ˣкóԵĶҶøԵġ


455 ˲ź

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꣬ԼʶѾѾ޶ûУ
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ϰĵؿѾѾʣһûȥҲǿǰ̯ģһԼԵʣµһǸҵļ˳Եġ
Ǽûпôܻװ׵˷ʳ
ѾѾ˵䣬ԱߵԬʾͿˣƿѾѾ˵ʮǮһʮǮһ¿
˵꣬ѾѾȥΨһ˵¡
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ѾѾﲻԬʣܣ˷ѣܼӣʮǮˡ
Ԭί
¿һ¿ոܱȽ
ΪԼ˵仰
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Ԭע⵽ǶˣǰǿյģŻʣһڵ¿գһֻһıӣﻹðζӦǲˮ֮Ķ


458 ѾѾ֮

ϴŵ·Ͽȴܺãϰ˺òϵһ۾ֳ
ȴ˵ѾѾĻԬʾԼƺ˵ڶѾѾһ
ûв´ĻӦþֻһ¿գһ¿᲻
ѾѾѵһԼͬ۵ˣֱԬʸ
үү¿ҲʮǮһ𣿡
˵ҡͷǵȻǣҰôܻʮǮȥһ˰ӲĶ¿ֻҪǮǿʹķϣֻԸǮһǿš
˵Ļعͷȥһ̯ӵϰ塣
ϰֶһ¡
Ͻֵؽ¿顣
ѾѾҲһۣҡҡͷǺܿţӣһӻô󡣡
Ҫǿ⣬ðѿ˸ߣ̯ӵϰ嶼뽫ѾѾͷˡ
˵¿գӣ¿ļ۸ɱ˺üˣǻƫҪӱȡ
Ҳ֪ŵ˭
ҲˣʮǮһ¿ջҪƽϡ
ǵһοĿء
ѾѾͷԽڼĻ˺ܶࡣ
ԭүүҲһģһģǶһĽڼ
ҪһǺ«ļ۸񳬹ǮҾͿ϶ˡ
Ȼôľ
ԶԶԣȥԷյӣҪʵûؼҳԷҲŲԶء
ֲǲãƾɶҪ˰ԼŲ𣿡
ûֲǲãԼŲ𣿲Ųܸء
үүҽѾѾҪסҵˣǵȻҪȥɽˣһ˸дźòã֪ĶֱֺãкܶƷġ
úúãҪȥԪȥҲ֪סʲôطȰҾǵסַ㣬ҪдţͼĵȥǶдһЩټĹ˵ڼһŻͦġ
ãҵȻص͸дţдһЩżĳȥ
ĺѾѾһдŵ飬ۿͳϢʱ쵽ˡ
ѾѾĸ𣬾ʹԬ뿪
뿪ʱԬʱѾѾȥ˼¿ա
ߣոΪʡӴ˵ֻˣˣڰߺüʮˣʲôҸ˵ģͺոǸСʲôʣҿĵͦĵġ
һһڼԼˣǸŮ

ӿžˣϾʹ˿һҲ
ɸոǸСŮͲŶ󰡣ĴҲȻҲôţ
ˡ

棬Ѿ˵в飬˵ǰ¹˵Ҳ˵ˡ
ֵʰ㲻ǰ׼Ҵôͱɰ¹ˣ
Ҳ֪ǿǿǼҵӽˮ˵İɣ
ҡҡͷ
ĵûǵĺӣҲû顣
Ӧûǵĺӵģ϶ǰ¹˺˵ġ
²ʱүҡͷ˵ôӽˮԲܽǵϣʳǹ֮Ҫð¹ҲõӽˮˣǵʳǹҶǲġ
⣬ڰΣҲܴȥ
ǹҸ¹ĹϵãǼҵУµġ
ү˵úеϻЩԽܣ˵ʮһҪô죿ҪǲǵҪӽˮǻ᲻ʮһ¶֣
ʲôĶ˵̫ңԶֻ֪ӲҪġ
嶼ͷ
Ǹϵ뷨ʵһģʮһҪġ
ӽˮҲҪ
Ҫ˵ʮһȥӽˮĻǿ϶˵ġ
˶һۣͷ
߬ȭͷ
үӿ϶ѾѾأȥǶѾѾɵѾѾߵˣ϶а취ġ
ѾѾʱճǱռˣҸ϶˵˺ǳİ취
϶ܿȥ˺˹
֮ǰѰв˵һ顣
齻Уǧܰӽˮǡ
ѾѾ֮ǰǸǼˣȻ֪϶סʲôط
ֻҪ֪ʮһʧٸйϵҪͷˡ

ѾѾǵʻ죬ǣвھǾ³ˡ
Ȼȥɽĳ;վҲǿ³ġ
ھǷûмֱֳͣŸĵطȥ
Ԭʻûȥǣǵʱ򣬵֪ѾѾھЩʧ
Ҿǿھٹȥġ


459  һ̲

ѾѾԬһۣҡҡͷ
ż˯
ôʱĳۡ
۵ֻţɶҲ
ɵû̬ԣԬʶôˣǰûбҪװģˡ
ԬЩؿѾѾҲ̫עˣǰϹôŮ·
ѾѾ֮ǰƫ·ǺܼͣҪ֮ǰ·ϸʰġ
ѾѾϣûϸ׼ҡ
˭֪ȵŵڶ죬˸ջϴ軻ѵʱ֪׸ʰĶƽʱϲŮװ
ǣھʹúŮ
ϴŲ̵Ĵɢˮ̲ݰȹ滹һ۷ۣ˿ߵ޷֬һ㣬ĵŮĵġ
Ķȴһ㶼ƥ䡣
ѾѾ˾ͣȥ˯Ԭʡ
ҲǺԼ·ĺòã

һ·ʻҲԽԽˡ
̿¯ѾѾԬʳ˳Էéû¹
һֱֱ˳ɽ
˲
·˶ʮ죬ɽѾ˴ѩ
·ϣѩܰСȶס
ѾѾԬʶϷˣһμѩ˶ź޷Ƥѥӣѩ
ѩ̡
һһѩӹȥԷ
ǵɿе˵ǵȥΪѩ̫ˣѩҲҲô·ȥ
ֻܵȰˣ˰ǰ͹ȥ
ѾѾ˵Ľ֪Ѿ𣿡
Ӧò֪ɡ
ѾѾԬһˣֱѩϡ
Ǵ޷ǷˮģԾѩϣҲҪĻ·Ūʪ
ѾѾǵԼûиĽ˵ԼҪ飬Ӧǲ֪ġ
ţȻǾȲҪˣȻĵȥһϲ
ѽ
һǺܴ̼һԬ;˷ܡ
ϸѾѾһ¡
ȼٳǾǵ˶ȻܸߣΪѩ֮󻹿˻ѩܺǵϲ
ѾѾԬЪϢһᣬͳŶȼٴȥ
ȼٴλͦҵģҼһ˶׼ȷظҪôȥȼٴ塣
ߵȼٴĴſڣԬ۾ˡ
ԲۣȼٴҲ̫˰ɣһô档
ȼٴڶǸֻЦ̼ļ
ѾѾ죬Ǹܺ棬ǿȥ档
Ԭ˵ľǱļ
ѾѾġ
ѾѾȻ֪ļʲôû
ļ˵ļҲȥԡ
͸Ԭʳɽȥȥ
ļǽȼٴλõģ滹һջ
кܶŶļѾѾԬҲŶӡ
һţԬһߴΧĶ
ѾѾȥ滬ѩ껬ѩȥ滬ȻȥϻҶûϻôˡ
ϻ
ѾѾڴﻹûмϻҲ֪ϻǺײеĶ
ȼٴ澹Ȼϻ
һһĽѧѱϻ𣿿֮ǰ˵ϻѱ˵㶼ûа취Ľôģ
һһҲٵú𾪡
22ͣҲûĸ˿ôȥϻİɣ
Ľ⾿ôģ
˵ԬһСȥϻˣһһȥԿˡ
ֵܿѾѾȥļˡ
ѾѾṦܺãԱļʱֻǾú棬Ҳûʲôŵ
Ԭŵɫ԰ף֮󣬾Ϳʼ档
ҪȥһΡ
һǰŶӵˣʱˡ
ȥ˻ѩȥ˴˵еϻ
ȼٴѱϻ
Ҫǵϻ˳ģѾѾҪΪèˡ
Բۣ˵ϻײеһ㶼ײСǰҵ϶Ϊƭңȥɽϣ˵ϻײеġ
ԬСʱ;ϻ˵ɲҪȥɽ氡ȻèͰˡ
èҲ˵ϻ
ԬϻߵѾѾ˵ҾϻǼҵɰˣǻȥʱһ˴һϻȥҲʲôˡ
ǿ϶Ҫģô˳ϻѾѾҲ
ȼٴǿϻﱪҲǸϻһײеĶǶȼٴı͸ٱһ
ǻȥˡ
ѾѾһһֻ֪Ҫʳ㣬ܾͲᶬߡ
һһ˵ܸϻһûѱģֻĺ˳øһˣ
һٵص߸ѾѾȥ֪

̫ģĿˣֱ˺һӡ
ѾѾɻؿȥĽҲ
ѾѾôģмЦһ£һ̲裡


460¹

ĽϿǰĹﶼ¶
һεεиţһģñȴ峤ŮҪ̲裬⺬϶ֱ˧סˡ
Ľüͷ
еѾѾˣ뿪˴֮󣬾ûĹһĶûмһ
ߣ
Ľû뿪
ѾѾҲĽˣֻǰܺÿݣüޣü֮
׻ĺÿһ
ǰҲܺÿ͸а׸ĺÿҪһȼ
ϸ֮£ƺЩиС
ֻüͷţβס
ѾѾ˲ŭˣʲôúÿ˲˰Ե޹ʻɫ
ѾѾһ۾Ԭ뿪
ߣͷǶģΪԼúÿƲˣ˰ڳ
ԬʣҸ㣬Ժɲܸһǧܱ˶ĵˡ
ѾѾߵʱ򣬻عͷıӰǡ
ĽϾͱöˣĽȻҲúܺÿɿ϶Ʋ˵ģСʱͺзȡ
ѾѾһһֹš
ȻҲĽһգ
һ뵽ոǸҲӣѾѾԬʼȥ档
ȥĽϡ
ԣˣȥ棬ȥ
Ԭʶû湻ˣȻǲԸȥĽϡ
ĽϸѾԶˣǸղ뵽ѾѾһ¾Ͳã㿴Ǹϴ·ǲǸϴ޷һģߵǸҲ޷
˵޷ǲѾʼˣ
޷ʼˣǸҲûҪһ޷ҾԺ󶼲ͺˣԺ󶼲Ҫǰǰ֡
ԴĽϾ͸ӼᶨظѾѾˡ
򶼴ô޷Ҳû׼һ
Ͳᶳ
֮ǰοԼԼΪ޷׶ΣûͶСġ
ڲˡ
˶޷ˣ˵޷Ѿʼˡ
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ҪǸˣҲ϶ġ
Ľ̬쳣ؼᶨ
ȼٴʩĺܶ࣬һܺ棬ѾѾԬһֱ浽춼ҪˣſʼȥĽϡ
ˣѾѾúܼ򵥣ûҪԼȥס޵ĵطҵĽˣĽϸ԰סˡ
͵֮ǰȥҵĽˡ
Ȼϵε϶ᶳġ
ĽȼٴĶңҪҵѣѾѾѾǵҵĽϣ˶ȼٴ򹤵֮ɺܿҵɽ档
ĽϾסﰡҪﵱҰ𣿡
Ԭ𾪵ؿǰɽ
Ľ֮ҲͨŵģֻĽû˵Լסʲôط
ѾѾѾѾ֪ĽϾסɽˡ
֪ɽһֻСӡ
ȥֻС档
ɽ棬ĽѾ˹ˡ
ɻ߳ߵɽ棬վѾѾԬʣֿϴ޷ɫһӳ
ܲˬ˵
ǲҪڶȼٴ忴۾գһ¾ˣȻˡ
Ӷûмһ
Ժ󶼱ңǲϲ̲ġ
ĽϺɽȥ
ѾѾԬվɽһ±ơ
˵ĽϾסɽأߵ˭ôţСүŪ
Ԭʿɽȭͷ
ѾѾҲ֪ҡҡͷкܶɽҴˡ
Ԭʽһ
һ뵽ոǸ쵰˵ĻѾѾԬʣǲ̲裬Ϊϲˣ
ԬʲǺܴҲһĽϵ˼˵ġ
ɶҪȥ
˭Ҷʶ˵
ΪԼúÿ˲˰ΪǸŮĵľͻϲΪǣ
ѾѾȭͷȥ
ĽϽȥɽ֮˻᲻ĵؽɧֱСȥš
ʲô취ãǽ
ĽߵţһԺŶȡ
̲סֹţȻԽ̲ˣԽǲҪһ棬ȻˣŮ˾öġ
ѾѾŮˡ
ţѾѾǰ׵ֵȻЩɡ
ѾѾҲˡ
ԣѾѾ϶Ǹ̲һһһͺڵӣεεġ
ѾѾĺܶʻһһ̵ģдϣҲҲ̻Ľϡ


461Ҳ߶

ѾѾ嵽ɽڣͿСӵ档
СӶѾѾצһֱؽС
²֪˵ЩʲôҲܿû˵ʲôû
װͰ͵ġ
е¡
ѾѾ˼ҪҪֱӳȥ
ɿſš
һһȻ˵벻Ҫ嶯ʹ书ʽҪһЩ򲻹ġ
ԬʿѾѾԭ˴ѾѾֱۣɻѾѾôˣ㲻˵Ҫȥѵ𣿡
ղŻһһҪȥúýѵһٵѾѾһ˲ջ֣ԼԴµ˵ˣǻȥĽϰɡ
Ԭ¡
˵ͷ
ƲֲʵǺνġ
ոնȼٴ˵ˣĽϾɽϵɽ棬Ǿ⸽ңûбɽ
ѾѾֱתűķߡ
Ԭʸȥ
ѩܺɽϵ·ʵߣѾѾԬʶ书ӵˣҲǺܴ
ɽϵĺӻǶ࣬ĽһֻӣǸΪǵҲһֻҿֻҲͦӣ档
ѾѾ뵽棬Ľϸ˵һֻĺӵ顣
˵ǻȥʱҲɽϿܲҲץһֻӻȥ
һһ˵ˣֻӵ书ڴ棬ǳ书ǲġ
ζŸոտĺӱǳҪǶץֻȥǼҾʣȥ뱣ڵ
ԬʵͷԣǻȥʱͶץֻӻȥ
Ľ϶еĺӣҲҪһֻ
ĳɽϵҶӶˣֻ¹ͺͺ֦⣬ָϺһѩ
ǲɽˣмͬҲڹһһֻڶܿ
ֻǣͬΪϸϺĻѩˣɽڶҡ
ظ˺ܾãûҵڶɽ
ѾѾĽסɽϵôôöûҵǸòᱻƭ˰ɡ
ԬʵͷԼѾһȵѩȣ۵ֻڵϡ
̫ɽ¶ԽԽˣ´޷е䡣
Ԭʶ촽֡
ѾѾ촽ҲЩϡ
ʵʱѾˣ̫ܿҪȫɽˣҹɫ٣ҹɽϣַܰ˶
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ԬȻǺģѾѾһ˵꣬Ѫһֵƨƨߵسɽܡ
صɽ£̫ɽɫХģҲûȥֱӾڶȼٴĿջ￪סȥ
ջ˿Ϻůͣ棬ѾѾʲôˣɴŶȣ˫Դ顣
ĽϾɽϵôǾûҵأѵĽǼһ˶ûиң
ѾѾڸһһ˵
ǰɽϰæĽϵʱѾѾ꣬һһһ
˹ܻ֮ĶȲϣҲû׶ʱڣͯʱڡ
22һĻǳ۷壬һһ˵Ҳ࣬ǴӴڿʼ൱ڴһд˵ļ䣬˵ڼˡ
ѾѾǵǰȵĽϣһһȴǵá
ѾѾղűӵɽ棬ֻСӣǰѾѾġ
ûв´ǸѾѾмѾѾҲ꣬ӦþĽˡ
ƺ֪һеһһʵϲѾѾ飬ֵÿϷ
ѾѾʵ⣬ش𣺡Ҳ֪
ѾѾˡ
˺ü·ǾˣɽֶѰĽϡ
ůĿϣѾѾûһ˯˹ȥ

³ҵЩ˹Ѻʮһĵط
ʮһǶԻõļֵǶԴʮһ͸һ
ǷҪҲס֡
ճ¾ſڴ濴ֻʮһˣѾץԼһͷ
ʮһվڰм䣬ֱƶؿڣ֪ΪʲôҪץҹˣǿ϶ǾǼҳ˧ģҿ϶ֵǮԲŽץġ
Ҿǻͦ۹ģҾҿԭǣǵøңǾҵļֱֵԴ򼸷֣ҵÿǸ֮Ĳࡣ
ǾŸģŸǸ˵ҳһҾһ㶼
иǣͶôˣǶҪǻûг׵ĻôҾԺܾͲü޳ȥˣԣǲȢϱŶԡ
ǰҲСӰɣԹ߶Ҫ߶ˣǵĵܵǵһ߶ʧˣҲ֪ҵ᲻ģϣǲҪ̫ѹź
´ҿ϶Ͳ߶ˡ


462 

ʮһڰ˵꣬һ˵Ĵȥţ˵
ǰץҪǼңͻؼȥ
ܺѽڼʱСùþң˵ҳ̫࣬Ҫˡ
ҪҪңҾֻǵģóСùõˡ
ҿǼҳԵʮٻؼңǾô
ҾҪǻûϱģδܳһʱڣҵϱˡ
ûϱûкӣܵӾ͸һɣͲ˷ˡ
ǸǣӦþܵ˰ɣȷһкööĶԣ򣬿̫ˡ
ǰҴˣҪȥȥڸĴ̳棬жͯ԰ɺˡ
ʮһܲˣŭһ䣺졣
ʮһɻգ۾ΪʲôҪұ죿㲻ǺϲҲŰץ𣿼ȻϲңӦúϲ˵İ
̫үͺϲңϲ߸˵
ֻҲϲ̫ү˵̫үʹˣҾ̫ү˵˵úҾ˵ġ
ôᣬҸ˵Ƕҿϲ˵ˡ
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ȻǲϲңҪץǾǻˣǳˡ
ʮһؿǡ
ôҾͲˣҪǲӸңԺǾ;
˱ʮһ͸ˣץغҪ˵ˡ
ʮһҡͷҲҪҾҪ˵ôҪǽȻǾͲ֪Լǻˣ֪Ĺˡ
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˶Ҫʮһˣ֪˵Щʲô
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꣬⺢ӵļƽʱôģȻҪˡ
˻⣬ôˣܸⶼࡣ
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Ӧû˻ô̵ġ
⿴ǵճ£ҪﲻסЦˡ
갡ռСҲ̫˰ɡ
Щ˶Ҫĥˣܰ
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ţҲ롣
þȵ˻Ҫȵġ
գѾѾԬ緹֮һ¾ҪȥĽϡ
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ɽµļСׯ˰죬ѾѾԬٴγȥѰĽϡ
ڶȼٴ˼ˣȷѰҷûдġ
ٴֱĵطȥ
˽һʱҲֻܿ쾭һɽڡ
ѾѾšüվɽڣԬʣ˵᲻Ľϸ쿴ǸΪǵһסɽˣ
Ԭ룬ͷܰɡ
ϾѾѾ˵ĽϾһסɽ棬ǵöįиӣҲüį϶ܲ˵ġ
Ľôôһסһ飬϶ÿ춼ҪüΣֲ岻ˡ
ѾѾ̾
ʱһѾѾԬʶϤˣͬ޷ѾѾǵķ߹
ΪѾѾԬǵĻᱻɽڵĺӷ֣վñȽء
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ɽǸѾѾú˶ĵ߳
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ĽϿϵ޷ɫһ£СӴǰ߹ȥӦĻ
ĽϣǵѵȲһ޷𣿡
ٴκסĽϡ
һ˲ĽϵʱѾѾԼˡ
յغˣѾѾɵˡ
ԬҲɵˡ
ԬʿŶ棬һϷһı鿴ѾѾ
ѾѾžֻʮ׵
ֲЩϤС
ȻΪ
Ľϸ˺ԶԬѾһ档
ѾѾǻȥĽ𣿡
ʲôңԺ󶼲ҸˣԺûң
ϾͻϣҲβ𣿡

ѾѾ˵ϻȥ
⻰ ܵܽ飬ҳ͵ʱ֣ʱ֣Ǿʱ֣ϳԷʱ֣˯ʱ֣дˣԾһ㣬Ǹ


463 ѾѾ

ȥȥֲΪģƾʲôҪˣҾҪߣҸôʱ·ѵʱʲôûһȥȥô죬ôȥ
ѾѾشԬɽ
ǵĽ֮ǰ˵Ķȼٴ壬κҪѵĿֻҪԼ֣ͿԲøˡ
ȼٴ棬Ϊ˸ĽϾϲԬʻȥġ
һ뵽ĽϾȻһͿʼԬʻˡ
ߣǽȥȼٴ棬Ľ롣
ҪĽϻг
ѽ컹û湻
ԬѾѾǰҪͶˡ

ĽϣǽҲȥȼٴ忴ɡ
ò׷ĽϣȻ󿪿˵
⼸ֻ±ѩˣӦȥȼٴǰ֪ͨǣʱرɽϵĿ
ڳɽסô꣬ȻܾȷԤ⵽ʲôҲŻ֪ʲôʱʲôҪ±ѩ
񾭳ĵطδ±꣬Ҳвٵϰܹܵõ
ĽڳɽҲסˣҲܿһЩŵ
˵ĸԼĲ࣬Ҳȥȼٴ˵˵
Ҫ±ѩʱɽǺΣյģʧķգҲܻѩȵȵķա
ֻǣȻûɫͳ޷û޷;øûѡ
ŶȼٴȥӣʧЦظ档

ѾѾԬڶȼٴһΣ˶ʲôĶ
ȥֶ뵽ɽϻѩʱɽ¾ں
ܻ֮±ѩԻѩɽĻرռ죬Ҵ쿪ʼ벻ҪٵŶӡ
ʲôʱ򿪷ţʱ֪ͨҡ
ԬѾѾ˼쿪ʼȥѩ𣿿Ҿûѩͦģÿ춼ء
ѾѾͷҪ±ѩˣǻҪɽĻǺΣյġ
ԶЩ黹ûн߻
Ľһüͷ
ĵ˵ҪŮˣ׷˶׷ˡ
ԱߵҲӭˡ
ѾѾʣ
ӿŲ߹ȥ
ѾѾ
Ľ͵س򿴹ȥ
ѾߵѾѾԬǰ
ô
ѾѾͬʱҲĽϣո׼Цݵ˲Ⱦ˺˪
ƲͷȥĽϣ˵ñȽо档
ԭ򲻻ѾѾĻתȥĽ˵ĽϣѾѾˣ
ĽϵһǶ˻۾Ϲˣѵһ֪
ңʶѾѾģΪҵĹϵŸѾѾʶģô˵ŪȸѾѾʶģǸĵһ
Ľɫѿɻǰ
ŵʵѾѾ
ѾѾһתͷȥԬ˵
ȻͲܻѩˣǽͶ漸Ρ
ԬʿĽϣֿһ̧ͷɽϵĻѩͷá
ֲһ䣺ȥԳԡ
Ҫȥ֮ǰҪԣĽϻѾȷԬˡ
ԸԬһģһ
ȻԬʾǸԬͲֵ࣬󵽿Զ뿪ڸĹҲֻѾѾ
ѾȷûƭľѾѾ
˲ΣְûڣͬʱЩơ
ֹţҪǲôģҲŮһǿҵ˧ҪߣͲ˵Ļˡ
Ԭʣߣ
ѾѾɫˡ
ĽϲͻãһͣòС
֪ӣĽϼ֮󣬿϶ģû뵽Ȼֱӱˡ
òֲѡģүҪǣһӣô죿
ԬҪȥ棬ˣѾѾҪܿĽϣһҲˡ
Ľϸվԭ
֮ǰѾѾѾˣ
򿴳һЩߣɻĽϡ
ĽϿôûиѾѾӣ
Ҫ֪ڿֳĹʱӦûעһЩġ
һ޹Ӧ㿴޷Լû޷ʱͲԸ˵ˣô˵Щˣ
Ͳܱ𣬻Ҫ˵Ļҿ϶ܹİҶû
Ľ˵ֱ׳
򣺡˵ƺеҾȻԶԡ
ԼȥɣȥѾѾ˵˵
Ľ϶򣬳Żѩȥ
ӣԥһᣬ׷ȥĴ㡣


464 ֺã

ѾѾȼٴĶң֪ĶҴȥɡ
ѾѾһרõĻ壬ɱǵĻ嶼Ưˣȥø㡣
㲻˵ҵСӵھʹȥòãɴˣѱϲϻҿѱϻ͸ġ
ҪҪȥҵɽ￴ɽ㽶㲻һֱԵɽ滹ůͣ͸һ
סúġ
õѣСӿ϶ͬȥɽסġ
ĽϸѾѾ󣬸ֺá
߾˶̲סĿ
ǶȼٴĶôǸСôãǸСӦܺõѰɣСô˵أ
Ǹˣƽʱһ仰Ը˵ȻǸŮ˵ô໰ǸŮĻڸв֪
ʲôѰԸеĺöһڳĹ
С㲻ϧĺѣ͸ҰжȼٴĶѣҾζЦˡ
С㿴ôã͸˵仰㿴Ҷˡ
ѾѾԬʼӿ˽Ų
һһ²ۣôô˰Ҫ׷Ұˣˣ
ǰдŵʱû˵ġ
ѾѾû뵽ĽΪʲôһһû뵽ĽڵӣĲһС˵Ǹеӡ
Ⱥ飬ǸС˵ƵĻŮƵģƵĻ˵ֶƵǶС
ŮƵģԵĻǹԵģʵǺܲ÷ģĻܲģǶֱ˵ʮ䣬һܱĵóһ֡
ȻڡѾѾĵŮǣĽ׵ӦþˣȻȴһ㶼䣬Щ롣
ŮҲ̫ͳĵŮǣȻƯòȴȫ̲ı䣬ֽģӿţһһ㶼Ǿͱ˲ô顣
ŮǶ䣬ôһϵͳɡ
һҪһġ
һһֱӱ־ѾѾĻκεĻش
ҲҺѾѾѾܶûпˣ϶һһϵͳúܲϸġ
ѾѾ˵ĻӦһɡ
Ľ׷ѾѾ·
ѾѾüͷ̧ţݺݵ߹ȥ
Ľû뵽ѾѾȻţʵذһ£ʹáϡһ͵֣ȣţ˻˻˻
ոջǺѵΧȺڣʼԼĲ²⣬ظͬۡ
Ȼϣôɧ˼СɣҪѵĻСҲһԲȥ˵İɣ߳ӣž͸һ
Ҳ뷨ҪǺѵĻ˼СӦòĺֵģ֮䳳ˣӶ˵ôûˣҪѣԭˣҲΪǲѣŻô˵ԭ£ֶŵġ
֮ǰһΪӲϲŮӵأϾкܶŮӽӽ˸ˣڿӦֻЩŮӲƯѣǿŮӶƯֲӻôá
СﳤýεεģҿŶûϲҪҶһ㣬ܸ˵һ棬ҲԸȥֺˡ
СĺÿھǿƯСﶼҪÿ
ĽϵЩ˵ѾСˣܹ˵Щʲô
ĵ̾˿ɲǳ̫ƯˣȻô顣
ѾѾĲĽϵģĽϷʱ䣬ϾʹԬʩչṦˡ
ȵĽϽŲôۣҪ׷˵ʱûѾѾԬʵӰ
ɽڣţĽϾһ˴ͷɥػ˼ۣʵѾѾûԭ㣿
ߣĽϰ߽ɽ̱ʯϡ
֮ǰǶ˵Ҫ㣬ԸˣͿԽе˰
ĽϺһСӡ
СӸĽһ꣬Ľ˵΢ıһ£֪Ľʲô˼
е䣬е㲻ˬеᷳǾǲˡ
æˡ򱻸ϳɽĽϼ̾
֮ǰҪΪǸûμȼٴĿĻʽҲûo׼޷
ڱֶһףðϺˣôôܻ
ǲܵˣⱲӶܾġ
ֻҪܹԭԺ󶼲ģҪ޷
ʯϷ˸뵽ѾѾò࣬ûĺһ¡


465ѩ

ʮһճǾȻؼˡ
޸ռһͬʱڹʮһץסʱ䷢ʲô顣
Ƕ׷ʮһʲô˰ץˣǰץȥʲôˣûд㣿
ʮһ¶ҡͷûУҲ֪ΪʲôҪץңǶϲ˵Ҫץһȥ˵ǿ϶ǻˡ
˵ʱǺӣǾһ̫ˣһǸûĵˡ
ҾôûģԺ󶼻ȢϱģǲҪץȥǵĶأҪǰܹԼӵʱٻףܵܺ𣿡
ʮһͷ˵׾Ͳ˷˰Сù˵ˣСܳˣҺ׾ܰѼġ
һʮһԴϣϹ˵ʲôҵĶƾʲôҪܳԣҲ㡣
ǵ㲻ҲǱŵǼҶ׳ȥɻڼҴҵģԼôң
ʮһǶĻɡ
壺ֱˡ
ʲôãôӣӶԼء
ʮһԺĻᱧ뷨ȥȻԼŪˣʮһץָ֣ĳ˵ܳԣжûã׶ǣˣ㻹үү̣СùãвǣҶӵġ
ǼҵĺӣһѸֵҪô֪ռҵĺӾȻ䵽ñȥˣǾͻƲǼңСùԺܾͼ޲ȥˡ
ʮһĵСùû޲ȥ
ĻҴҵҡͷҪҪҲҪСùԺ󶼼޲ȥСùöôˣôͶûףҪԺҲܳף϶᲻˵ġ
Ժ϶ߵģĲӣҶˣҲڼģץߵˣŵңȢϱϱӣҲߵġ
壺ٶˡ

ڸѾѾԬʾסڶȼٴĿջ档
ջڰɽģ֮ǰɽ϶ûѩټϿջʱõõĲϣһѾѾͼֽģǸǵļȹ̵ĽҲû뵽ɽϵĿջҲ⡣


466

ѩñеҪ죬ҹʱɽһͻ߰ʮ׸ߵѩ߹ȥҪû䡣
ѾѾԬʻڷ˯øƵģôĺӹǵģڴ˯˲档
ѩµգ޴û
ˣˣѩˣѩˣҿӡ

ȻջһĽ߰ĽŲ
ѾѾ˯úܳûջһһ˵һһͷڶ߻˻ӡ
ͷּ˯
ɶ߻ôŶ䶼ǿƿ͵
ˣϻС˯Ҫıɱ𣿡
ѾѾڰ˯֮䡣
һһ̾󺰣ˣѩˣ
һһȻܺѾѾڣѾѾԸܵ󺰵ʱѾѾ˶
ŵӵӣ͵´һæҵش·һһһ˵ģѩˣ
ŵĻԼ
ѾѾѾȫѹܹʱ˵Ļ
ѩķչǺѸٵģȵҶʱϾͻˣѾѾ˸ӣ޷ۺÿӣֱһ߿ԼķţܵԬʵķ棬һ߿Ԭʵķš
ڴϣȻ˯øһԬʣűӰԬʰߣߵʱ˳Ԭʴϵ޷
һ߿濪Ĵ˳ȥ˼ѩظ⣬ʱѾȥɽ°ȫĵط
ɽϺ¡¡ԽԽѾѾ˿ԬʣֱӰˤڵϡ
ԬʱˤЩۣüͷѹ
ѾѾһ䣺ѩˣԼܺԼ޷ϣͷո뿪Ŀջ
ջ±ϣѩʱܲһʱͱѩ䣬ѾѾ˽ҹѩеںڵҹﶼӳ˰ããһƬ
Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ջ϶Ҳ֧Ųסģջ˾ӳˣû书ҲӲ
û´ĻҹĿջӦûкܶ˵ģԱ״̬ûȥˡ
˴ӿջ֮ܳһżȥ̫ߣ׼ͺˣֻʱѾˣߵʱ򣬽һ£Ӧܿץסµı߱ߣץ±ϵı÷ϣǻģֻؽָ棬ſסûһʱ͵
ѾѾȥʱѾҪֻŲסˡ
ŲΪ˹ûüϲͿһƺûʲôСʱЩżغСȥ˹ҡ
ɲֱѾѾ֧һᣬҪСַϾͱˤˡ
ѾѾüͷͷ˵졣
һ˲߹ȥ
˸յûô¿ŵɫҰףֿ󣬾Ȳҵġ
һ˲ϱѾѾˤڵϣ죬Ṧɽȥ
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ԬҲȥæṦûѾѾãѾѾԼ۽ȥˣûȥ
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УҵȥѾѾԬסɽϵĿջˣջ϶µģСӣһȥ
Сӵ书ߣʱһ飬ĽҪȻѾѾҲһЩ
ѾѾڰѿջһҲȥ뿪һ˲ѩӹ¡һջ٣ڸǣ·ʧɽһ
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ѾѾþΧĿšüģ̾˿˵ҲˣȻûˣҲϽҵطȥϢɣˡ
ӵü·ûãڶñȽϵҪٲҵطסͰ׾ˣΪǿ϶ܿͶڴѩС
ѾѾһ£ҺȻֱ¡
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ѾѾԬҲͽ˸˼ס£ȻԬʸ˼Ҹӡ
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467ѾѾ

ѾѾԬʱصĴźס˸Եķ棬ֿʼ˯ѾѾվôˣ۵öˣһմͿʼʡ¡
ĽϴСѾٶȳſջȥɻˡ
ѾѾѾѾҡĽŵϵĻѩǷһ󺰡
ѾѾѾѾھ㣬һҪͦסˣСӣһ١
СȻܴǲеʱȫǿĽϵ˼ʵĽڸʲôֻǾƺͦģͿʼĽһѩҲ໵ؽš
ĽǰѩؽرѪȾ죬ѩﶳ÷ϣѾ˿ѿȴһ㶼оʹҲо䡣
̫òȡˣѾѾͲͲ᲻ȥɽססջ档
Ͳᷢ⡣
Ľϴһӿٵصٶȡ
໡СӿĽϵֳѪˣæĽϵֲٵأϻڱȻЩʲô
ҪмңѾѾǿ϶ģҪڣȻģһֱôů͵ĵطڿ϶Ӧĺģһ϶ܺ£һڳ
СֻѾѾѾѾǸһ˵ϢûУֻǶѰʲôѾѾ
ضĽҡͷǰ֡
Ľʣһ뷨һҪѾѾȳ˦Сӣ㲻ȵĻҾԼȣҡ
Сûа취һᳯɽȥǵɽϾ͵ˣѰϢҵĻʹڣҵ֣Ūѡ
ܿѹСӣ϶Ľϳˣæ·Сӳ
ɽѩˣͨ˵ΣأһСĲȵѩܾͻᱻѩڸסֻܵ
书ˣṦĵõˣѩʲôѣֻҪб㣬Ǹ·͸ûѩʱһ
ߵ·߾ȥȥջģʵջǲǣ
Сصͷ
ѩʱ£ԾǿջΪѩ֮µˣǲ֪ûԱ
Ľڿ϶Ҳڴջѩ顣
ӿٶȡ
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Ҫǿջﵱʱ˵ġе㲻
໡Сָһֱۣʾ򿴹ȥ
˳Сָķ򣬿Ľϡ
ڷѩ
ħһ
ĽôģѩڸŵĿ϶ж˵Ҫˡ
ѾѾ
￩һ£ԼҡͷˣѾѾ书ôߣѩŷ֣Ҳ϶ѵġ
ңĽѾ˺ܶѩ˼ľ壬Ӧþǿջĵذˡ
ﲻûѾѾҲˡ
ĽϡߵĽߣ÷ڣѪҺЩ̵֣üͷ
ĽϸûѾѾĻһûлӦ
ϵĶûͣ
򿴲ȥ߹ȥһƿĽϣĽϣˣ
ĽϲֱˣϥҲڣѾȫľʧȥ֪һ˳ƾ͵ڵϡ
Ҫڵʱȴôˡ
ȥֽŶҪˣıѩͽôõı飬ֽŶױֻֽܿűˡ
򲻸ٵ飬ĽԸԸ⣬Ҫ뿪

ĽϻҪƿ򣺡ҪңҪ
㿴һ˶ûУ˵ûء

Ľѩ̫ãȥɽ֮Ϳʼա
򲻻βɽ´ѩûɽֻĽʯ档
šëĶͷϡ
һվ졣
ȥѾѾջ˵ϢЩ˶ʧһʼնûҵˡ
ðŴѩΣնɽϿջȥ˺ܾãҲûҵˡ
һңһҲڵǡ
ѾѾ
ұ֤Ҳˣ
ĽһֱѾѾ֡
ŵѾѾɽһҳڵ
춼´ѩԬʶ䣬˶ûгš
ǻ˵
˵֮ǰסǸջȥҹˣѩظٹһкܶѪѩȾˣҲ֪ô¡
˵᲻ǵ»ҰŵζȥˣҲ̫ܰǲ˵ӳǾûʬ˰ѵȥڵģò˰ɣ
ѾѾԵģ֪ô뵽Ľϡ


468 Ҫ֫

ҳȥߣԼűܡ
ѾѾ̧Ԭ˵꣬ͷٳ档
ȥʲôһһڲ̽ѾѾ뷨ˣú棬ֻѯѾѾ
ѾѾش𣬿ɴһһǻ֪ģֻʵػشȥĽϡ
Ŷ㲻ǸˣôҪȥ
һһһԵ
Ҫһһʵӣڿ϶͸Եһ
ѾѾüͷЩӦȥѩǲǰˣȥʬ
ŶԵĿķǣǵĽϻϡ
һһƲ˵ƣĬһ͸ϵͳ
ǰҪˣԬʲȥʶˣѾѾһȥɴҲѾѾ
͹ɵӦãҳͻط˯֤ܣһ϶ҵҵġ
ţȥǱ߰ǵҶ
ѾѾԬʵһûãѾѾھûͦҵġ
ҪǴջȥˣھòˡ

ѾѾ뿪ӣֱضȥ
滹´ѩƬƬѩƮϣһЩ̹ǵĺ⡣
˵ջǱбڹĺۼкܶѪ
ѾѾӿ˽Ų
ȥص·ƽʱҪһЩΪвѩ·ˣвѩѹϡ
ҪǼԺܺõˣܶ·ҪôߣϾЩĿȫǵġ
ѾѾһһָʾ£ڳ֮ɽ档
Ȼһ·ڸ·̲סֱ¡
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һһʵǿȥѾѾһ书ֵֻ
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ѾѾܿͷղŻֱ£ȻһӾͱůˡ
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ɽ棬æչĽϣСǵһѾѾվɽˣĽϣıسɽȥ
ѾѾǵϴθСӶŵĳ棬һСӣϾ˫ֵǰʹƣ˵ʲô
໡СѾѾľ裬ȥѾѾ֣ɽ
㾹ȻҽˣѾѾ𾪣ϴСһжԵӣᾹȻô˳
ɽߵĶתͷһۿѾѾ
ϲ˵ѾѾôˣ
ѾѾǵһνɽ棬ȷʵĽ˵һļ紺кܶڱĵطûмˮ㽶
ϵ㽶ǻɫģܺóԵӡ
һɽľ£ſķע⵽ʯĽϣôˣ
Ϊ㱻ڿջȥ˺ܾãһ˹ڵѩھͳ
򳤻˵ǰҹĽ˵˳
ѾѾüͷؿʯϵĽϣ𣿾ѩܰڳ˵ô𣿡
ʲôôȥˣջһҲˡ
Ľֻһʪ޲֮ѯʡ
ѾѾ
Ȼ򣺡ԭֲأҸĽһСˡ
ѾѾ㲻ҪǧҪֻҪţҿ϶ҲƲˡ
ѾѾ˵ʱĽϺȻڣſ֡
ˣģøһ
ѾѾ̾˿һȸһ°ɡ
뿪ˣҲûбĴԸĽⶼû
ѾѾʼһĽϿĽ˯֮УƺҪҵѾѾˣ͵˫ۣ۵ľѾѾ̲̳
ϲҪӴϸϵʹϮ۵ˡ˻һҧݣֵȥ
ѾѾûصˣҲ֪ͣ𣿡
Ľڴ۾գһ£ѾѾȻͿʼɵ֣ԭû£̫ˣ
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ѾѾֻؿĽϡ
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ɣ
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ҵ˫˫ľûס𣿡Ľգ۾ؿѾѾ


469 ĺѾ

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ȥ֫Ҳסˣϸɡ
Ľɫɷɷס
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Ľϣôıѣ
ôĸ
ͲؿԼֽűòã
ڱţʶһԼֱۡ
ĺѾѾ
ҪĽϵֽžȻҪĽԼؿš
Ȼ̫ˣΪѾѾѾԭĽϣԭһš
ĽҲҪ֫ģ֮ԻҲֻΪѾѾĽϻģҪŻѡ
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ѾѾգգ۾˵Ŀǰֻһַˡ
˵ţЯĲҳúܶ㲼ŵĶһĲϣ˼ѵмиֲͬͺŵĽϿ֮ǰҲû뵽ֽôˣԶûʵĵҿҲûв˵ˣǴҾѴоݵĵ⿪ɣѾݵȽϲõľǣŪܻȽһһذƤ⿪ˣһѪͻðõǡ
žݹͷʱܻῨһιͷŵŪܾãģһȸֹѪѪģãҲܲʹһ㣬ӦҲ󡣡
ĽϣҪҪ˵ôϸ
ֽŰ˾ѹˣһ㶼֪ᱻ⿪ġ
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ҶˣϿʼˡ
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ĽϾر˫ۡ
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֮ǰѾѾ˵һ䡣
Ľϣ˰ֱӴΰɡ
ûֽžͺˣڻҪ־ĴݲС

Ľû۾ȥѾѾôֽŵģһֱ۾ʱûͬҲΪ߶Ƚţû˯š
ϸһʹжûдҲһ
ûã
ĲʹǵȻЧˣֽѾ˶ѣܱҪá
꣡ѾѾһƣŵعȥøոյС⵶һ㽶
Ľݾⶫһѹ벻֪ȻǽҪûˣûȽϿ죬һ飬һӾѾˡ
ѾѾߵɽ㽶ˡ
㹻ԶĵطﲻסѾѾո˵Щƭģ
˵أҪһ㶳˶βãҪֽŶʦ֪ˣôң
õ϶Ĵ𰸣򣺡ԺǧܵŮˣһŮ


470 ң쵰

ʱ֮ĽϻûȵѾѾ˵ɵĻ˫ۡ
ľѾѾһմѪվǰŶͷ·͸һ˵˯˰ɣҺ˯ȥˣȻոĳʵ̫㶼֪ĹͷжӲҵ쿳ˣⶼɳڵˣһˣѾСӴɨɾˡ
ĽϣҪ˵ˣһ㶼֪
Ҫ˿ҪȰѨ⿪һû֫ĸо
ѾѾذϵߵݹȥĽϡ
Ľϣһ㶼Щ
Ա߿Ľȫ޿ֻܴӣҡͷ̾
˵ʲôֲ˵һСľ͵˲õˡ
ѾѾûпĽϣתͷߵһ㽶Ľ˵ҪѨ⿪϶ʹģǻǲ⿪ˣϢɡ
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ĽϣҪٴʹˡ
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Ľʯϣ뵽ԼûֽţŸոѾѾ棬ͲܸһڣЩᡣ
ԺҪһĽˮ

ˣѾѾҪɽˣûиĽϽ⿪ѨιĽϳԷ뿪
ֽŶûУԺԷҪιĽ϶ûʲôˣҲûʳ
ιһ㣬ͽͲٳԡ
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ѾѾ˵ˣٹʱĽϵѨλͻԶ⿪룬뿪
Ȼ㲻ٳˣҾˡ
˵꣬ͷҲصسſȥ
Ľź𰡣߰ˣҪéô찡ֲߣֲôȥé
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뿪ɽ
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СӶĽǰ˴ֱִۣ˴ȣĽûзӦһ
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СӴǵһοûҲûнŵ˰ɣ
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ĽϱʯидʺţЩ±⣬ûκεʹС
СӲ˲ԾæĽϣϻһЩ
ĽϷŵʯϣְظĽ㽶ƻ棬˲Σ裬ʯпĵط˳ԵĶ
ĽϿСӰԼصʳﶼ˹Щж
Ȼһֻͬˡ

ѾѾɽصļңҵԬʣ㽶ݹȥԡ
ʲôԬʻǵһοƻƵģĶ
㽶
ѾѾһ䣬ܺõػԼ䡣
ߵſڵʱһ䣺Ƥԡ
ԬֻҪгԵľˣĶԲˣ㽶
صѾѾֱӺ˸سŸ衣
ڶ죬ŸĽϵ
ңҳѾʹˣͷڹˣ
ȻһЩܻ
Ԭʱ÷˸ּ˯
ԬʣҲҹ϶ѾѾһŪҵġ
ϱӵԬһᣬӻЩٶۣò˺Ľϡ
͵شӴ
֣ĽôᵽҸѾѾ
Ԭ޷ɻ߳ȥš
·ûãͼҴҵԺøһĽϡ
Ԭ۾ؿڸʲô
ѾѾأѾѾҺ쵰Ȼƭ˵ѾҵֽŸˣѹôãһû˯š
Ѩλһ⿪֮Ľ϶ûȥԼֽţֱʵǱﲻסҪéʱҪСӱȥé
ŷԼƭˣ
ôֽŶˣ
ôذ˿ڷúѿ
ôԺǸˡ
һⶼûУȺúõġ
һҹĵĶǰ׵ˡ
Ľé˲ȥϣһʱͳѾѾ˺üӵˣҵ
Ԭʣڵʱַʲô飿


471 ŮѾѾ

ѾѾŷ۷۵޷ŹǷӷ߳ԺĽϣ̧üң赭д˵˰
ĽҪѾѾˣѾѾ㻹˼˵ˣ쵰ҲΪ˭ֽŪģ㾹Ȼƭң˵Ҫ֫һƭң֪뵽ԼûֽţԺҲܸ㡭
Ľϼʱסû˵Ļ
ѾѾôԺ󶼲ڣҲ뱣ˡ
ѾѾ˸еؿĽϣһǰκ˰Ҫҽҩѵ𣿡
㡭Ľ϶ѾѾЦˣ쵰ƭһϣھȻҪҽҩѡ
ûҪʧأ
ûУ
ĽϰƲͷȥҪҽҩѣûţǼܸҽҩѵġ
ѾѾŶһͷСóһ롣
ȻҾİ˫˫Ūзˣ֮ǰһģһС
Ľö֪˵ʲôˣָѾѾ㡭㡭㡭˰죬˵㻹Ǹѵ𣡡
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ѾѾĻ˲ùģԴһЩǴĿ⿴ĽϣСظߵ˵û뵽öȼٴĶңôӣȻôСС˲ȻҽҩѶ
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Сݰѿһ¾רƭѵ𣿶ˣˣСʱ˵ƭģԭȿʼС
۵ķһӾͷתˣҶʼ˵ѾѾĲǡ
ѾѾԼֲڴӳסòʹ͸˵һһ㷴ӦûС
ɸջҪѾѾ̸еĽϣЩ˵ѾѾЩܲˣͷǣŭ˵죡˵ⱿĻԺ󶼲ýȼٴ档
ΧĴǰҪ֪Ҫȼٴ壬϶ҪȥģԷˣôỨȥ档
ڲһΪĽ˺ܶ⣬˶ȼٴ壬ľãǶǮˡ
ů˾ͿʼǱǴżҲȼٴɷɵġ
ĽϵĻǶԹԵرͣ˵ѾѾˡ
ֻǿĽϵ͸¶һ˼ߣһǸķǵļһڿ˵˼С˵ģǰæ˵һСĻУǶСõҪ
ĽϲŲǵ۾ûѾѾÿѾѾǡ
û˵ѾѾĻˣĽֿרĸѾѾ˵ˡ
˵ɣҪôң
ѾѾĵؿһĽϣûϸ첲ȣҸҪ㣬ҪûµĻ͸Ͻ߰ɣһҪ˯أ
ĽϣⱿڵ˭ѧôˣһ㶼Σ


472  ĽϿ

ѾѾŹǷתطš
ĽվԭؿһᣬֱӳԬ߹ȥƿԬʣ߽˵˯һʱҡ
ҹﶼ˸ֽŶûˣûܺú˯ĽҪۿѾѾȥ˯ӣɴҲ˯
һʱ֮һҪҡ
ɲ뿪ɽ̫ãڵĶҪġ
˷䱻˴ԬʣһɴܣĴ

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ùһʱ
̫ˣɴϣȥĽϽѡ
ĽûãѾѾҲӷ߳
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ס⻧˼һһ˵͵ģֻҪӾͿһֱססﻹǱסɽϵĿջҪȫһЩʹȥǱ߰Ҷ˵˹ȥģʵҲûȥ
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ѾѾȻĽΪɽĿˡ
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ڿĽֻһû˯ˡ
Ȼԭ˯߲ҲͦΣյġ
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ѾѾĻϾͶңȥĽϣųɽȥ
ѾѾڸȥ֮ǰҳһСİ׷ȥ


473 δ

Щҩ衣
ܶ඼ǽⶾǿʵҩ衣
ȻֱĽϵĶҲܹһ㡣

ڵĶѾɢˣֻѹƵĻѹƲ˶೤ʱ䡣
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һһҪŬȥܻ֣ϵͳˣ㵽ʱֱӰĽ𣿡
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ʲô
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˸
ﲻⶫ

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һ磬Ѿǵڼ̧ţνڿԶûʹˡ
ҪһʱȥѾѾˣɿ˿Լȣ˲ͷ뷨
ȰѸ꣬˳Լҩˣȵ΢һʱȥѾѾɣֳѾͷ˯ǸѾͷֻŻġ

ĽϵȵʱڹɽȥѾѾ
ڴһٷ
ѾѾĽϹ극֮󣬻طȥһ
㣬ߡ
ʲô
ĽϽӹѾѾ
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Ľ϶ֱز𿪰޷ɢһɫģһɫġ
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ѾѾõÿ
ĽϾɵһһ޷һ˲ɫһѰɫǼСذ
ոµ޷ȥСһǰתȦȦʵÿ𣿡
ÿ·ɱůˣ
СڶѩˣһĪؿĽϣȫ֪ôش⡣
ѾѾ棬ǳ鴤һ¡
겻Ľϱɵ˰ҪԬʲѾѾҪǲǾԬˡ
һһѵĶػ˱ɵ𣿡
ѾѾԼĽϰ
һһ
Ľϴ޷ںǰҫ꣬ȥԬǰҫ
ԬһѩôණֱӶȾ˷纮һ㶼Ľ˵
תӣͷסһ۲Ϊ
޷Ĳϱ·ҪҪ϶·󣬿ѾѾĿУҲõѡ
ĽϿɲԬû˵˵Լ˵ľˡ
Ժ棬Ȼһİ֪ȼٴСס𣿡


474 ɵ̲

ҫ޷Ľ㶶ȼٴСҲˣʻǸҲԣ̲
ܣܣЩ̲ǰȥڿѾѾʱ򣬲ŻʶؾѾѾǸһ̲裬Ѿͷжô졣
Ľϴ޷ö·𶼱øһůģúˣ˶ú
ֲԴ޷֮촩ţ·
ĽȥҵѾѾôã϶кܶطûȥģҴȥɣҪȿҵ˲԰ӣ
Ľо͸ѾѾ˵һרֲ˲εĹ԰ѾѾǵõģһ˺ܾã붼룬ֱӵͷã
˲԰ڳɽϣĽҪѾѾɽ
Ԭʷ纮ûãĶȥڴţûһȥ
ѾѾĽ߳ļңӭһµĹѾߣһ߹
ϴŵϵȵĳģ˺ܶǳɫĵ幤Ȼ۸񲻷ơ
Ĵر
ѾѾɨһۣĿбӵ߹ȥ
·Լкü䡣
߹ʱ򣬺ȻͣĽϣʵλǲĽӣ
ĳƤ𪣬ûѾѾôޣҲǸµˣĽѾﵽ̲á
ĽϷ·ûĻһѾѾ߿һЩ
šüģ֣س˳Ľϵ·Ľϣ˵֮Ѿˣ˵ҹġ
˵⻰ʱЩߣ΢΢ͷȥĽϡ
˵滰ĽָΪδޣֻǰĽ˶ʧˣҶڴѾˡ
⼸֪꣬˭ְĽûڳɽ˶ȼٴ׬˺ܶӵϢ˻ȥ
ؼһʼ⣬Դȥ꿪ʼؼҵҵСӣһ˺ܶ಻õ¡
ӵ࣬Ǽȱӵʱ
ͿʼĽϵ⡣
ﳤúƯھŵʮŮ֮һ
ΪֻҪǸеĶݵʯȹ֮¡
ʶĽһ˵Լδޣ϶Ȼգһϸĺǻƴӡ
֪ĽǼһȻĿ֣˵ҵ·Ūˣⲻġ
ѾѾ׼·϶һ޶ġ
ʲôδޣ̲趼ѧˣ
Ҫ˵һװ׵ĻƻУûʲôδޣң˰Ͷˣ


475 ̲ŮҪѾѾ

һ˲𺣬ܿƺñ飬ĽЦЦ͵ӣ˵һжǧȷģŵĻȥˡ
ˣĽϲ׺ܾûˣ⼸Էҵ˸Ǵġ
ѾѾĽһҲǲˡ
ǵڴʱ;׼ܶĳԣǸӡ
Ľϣȥɡ
ѾѾֱӸı⡣
˲԰ٿ˾ͱҪġ
Ľϵͷԣȥףסˡ
֮ǰĽϾһֱסڴﲻǺܷ㣬ȥס˾ǲԸ⣬֪ô£Ȼᵽȥˣһ߾һ¶û
·ȥɣߡ
Ľֿڡ
ԡѾѾͷ
ǵĽҲŸյûãڵĶһʱ䣬ͲǺܵˡ
ĸ˶ṦԬʵṦȽһ㣬ҪϷȥеѶȣֻƽߣ⻹
ֻ˵ģɺԬֺűܳˣͱĸˡ
Ԭʼ˵ţȥǰɣǿɡ
ǴӴӹûֱͣӵﳤɽ£ԬʻȥϿʲôóԵĺĶ
ѾѾһۣϵʱ䣬ҲˣĽϳֵѾ˰Сʱ˵Ǿͳɡ
ĽϸѾѾ˵̵У·͸һ
￴ѾѾĽϵıӰҧ촽׷ȥ
·ϵĻѩܺû书ӣ·þٲάҲȫ֡
Ҫȥ׷ĽϣȻѾѾһ˲˵ѩϣĽϣãˤˣǵȵң
ã
ĽһǰѾѾĪһں˲һļƤ
һֺĸоҪ֪ıһֱǺܸߵģͲˣǺùãǺŵģ˼⣬һα˺á
ĽҲںѾѾعͷؿûн㡣
ſѩϣʶزһ£ߴĽƿѾѾϡ
˵ãҲ֪еͻֻǽ㿴ȷʵҵúԲŻðһõģÿȹѽ𣿡
ѾѾգ۾ɻؿãҾ͵õãùȥˣ
˼ҪôͣȻ׽ѾѾ
ǿˣĽƺѾѾĻֻҪֺѾѾѾѾͬǣôĽϾͿ϶ܾ
û˼һõ˵ǳѾѾޱؽſڣҾܾ
Ľϣ߰ɣѾѾתͷӿŲ
Щ±ƣſѩ϶ˡ
ߵѾߣո˵ܾ
Ѿߵͷ˵С㣬ȷɡ
Ѿ߷˼ѾѾղŵΪ
Ľǻϳ谮òҲһģһ㶼ǰΪ˸һõӡ󣬶Ӧûᾡֵ󷽵Ĳǡ
ҲǳһȥʾãѾͷĽǰǲԸԽƣ϶ܾĲŶԡ
˭֪ɶ
ﶢѾѾıӰ½š
С㣬Ҫô죿
ߵѾѯ
תתӦȥˡ

ѾѾĽϼʩչṦܿ쵽ҵլӡ
լʱҵģ󣬾һĺԺЩ¾ɡ
ʱֵ죬ԺĻݲݼήˣΨ÷ðϺԿš
ԺҲûˣȫ˼ֻ˶ѣһһź˵֣һСѾߣź˻ƽʱϴ·ɨ֮ġ
ĽϴѾѾǹЩţĽ˵үߵȻᣬҽȥͨһ¡
Ľϣ
ԬֻؿĽϣһ㶼ļҰﶼˣԼҾȻҪȥܽȥЦˡ
ѾѾɷµصͷûһԼҶŷȥģȥľȥģ˭˭
Ľϣһβ֪˵ʲô
Լ㲻Ϊʲôŷ̫˿һ
Ǳɣŷķ仹ͦģů¯ӣвˮůġ
ĽϺѾѾһ
ŷȥ˺ܾöûл
ѾѾһȲ裬Ľϣڸŷôôã
ĽϣΪʲôҪŷôߣ
Ԭһںһ裬˵ͷĸ϶ǾĽ̫鷳ˣû뵽ôҪһˣ


476 йƶ

ϾҲ˵ҪӵģǼǮͲ˼ˡ
Ԭ˵⻰Щ֮
ѾѾ
Ľϣ
˰֮ŷڹˣĽǽȥ
Ľϻǵһ֪ֻܽŷ߽ȥ
һߣ˻һ;ķ羰
Ҫ÷ѡ
ѩѩ׵Ժ׺ǵɫ÷ûϷȻⰻȻļ紺ľɫȴһ°УϷĶûеġ
Ǹŷųߣߵһ÷ЩԺ档
Ժм̳̳һЩҶӶή˵ģƷֵ
Ӿɫһ·ĵط磬ȫ˼һסԺӡ
Ľüͷ
үˡ
ŷ
Ľϡšһ
ͣԺһſڡ
˵ˣ㵽ֱ֮ӽȥˡ
ŷ˵
ĽϸѾѾǸӾﲻĽϵļˡ
Ľ̾ƿ˽ȥ
棬˿Ŵ߶ǿŵģλϣһ۾ܿѩ׵ľɫ
һ紵˿ﻹһ⡣
ôŴ紵ô䣬СĶˡ
Ľûйȥ˴һ߸˵
ЦЦ˵ⲻǰûôѩҪˣˣôˣ̫ҽǸ˵뿪ɽ̫ʱҪл˵͸Ͻ˵ˣ˵ͻɽȥ
˵꣬ע⵽Ľ߻мˡ
֪ģ֮ǰ;棬ֻ
ѯĽϣʶ𣿡
Ľ˺ڸôãҲֻôһѶѡ
˶Ľ´С黹ͦġ
ѾѾûע˵ĻǴ򣬱ӺУǶҩУҩζȻܵųˡ
飬ߣһЩֹʹõҩζ
˵ɫ濴Ǹ⣬ֻĨ˺һ֬ˮۡ
ѾѾǵǰʶ˵ʱһϲĨ֬ˮ۵ˡ
šüͷЩԾ
ĽϵذѾѾԬƵǰ㿴ϲ𣿡
ѾѾĽһ£عգ۾ĸϳ𣿡
ԬѧѾѾӣ˵ĸأˣ㿴ǲǱ˧˺ܶࣿ
˵ĿѾѾԬؿ˼ۣȻϲ˵ѾѾʣ˰
ĸ̫ˣȻһӾϳˡ
ĸҶ˧ôˣôһӾϳˣ
ѾѾԬʸ˾ñط꣬кܶ໰Ҫ˵
ൽĽ϶ҲʱԼ˵
ȵ˵ò֮ĽҲûɽˣĻڵĶؾҪˡ
ԬʻȥɣԬɽ㽶Ҹĸôʱûмкܶ໰˵һȥˡ
ѾѾĽϸԬʳȥ
ܶǰڴʱѾѾ˾кܶ໰˵ÿҪ뿪˶ǶģΣѾѾ˵Ҫ˵ĽҲûлɡ
ԬʸӲʲôˣߴĽϸϽȥɽ㽶ȥ
ĽϸԬˣѾѾ˻طϣڷʱ򣬲ɫס󣬸
ǵòˣ˹ơ
һһȻ
ѾѾ˰ʱһһҲɨ˵塣
ѾѾһᣬ֣һһĻȻ
һһڶѾ˺˽⡣
ЩѰҽķûʲôƣֱӿڹй֮
Ͱ˽ϢѾѾ˵ˡ
еĹһĹƣй֮󲢲ǻĵֿ˵ȫû˵ֻֿҪһһϸͻȾһֹƵˣҪǲƣͻΪȾļ
ڵֻȾ˷纮ѣΪûеֿˣһͨķ纮ܶ÷纮صҩɾȣֻٻ¶ѡ
ҪҪȰڵĹƽˣ֮Է纮ȥҽΡ
һȫɥʧֿĹƣⲻǸǸĳ־֢һˣ
ѾѾ22͵Ķһ˽⣬ᵽּ
һһûֹƱȽϺõһǣԽƣһ˹ƣֿͻָǾ֢
һһѽƵķѾѾ˵ˡ
ѾѾڴ¡
ԼҲߡ


477 ûжϱ

ѾѾڷ˵ȳȥɡ
šһ˳ȥ
ʣѾѾˡ
˿ҪûסԼ壬ֻԼͷҪʹˣԡ
ǿ϶ܿ˵ģһ˵ͻ̲סȳġ
ΪŲҿȳɫǺ죬żؿѾѾѾѾҲȳȥ
ѾѾɿ˵ֱۣڣĸ㲻װˣȾͿȳɣʲô֪ˡ
ȿȿȡ˱ѾѾĻŵҲﲻסʼֹסĿԡ
嶼ȵòæҵóӣͶ㵽һȥ
˺ܾãȵѾѾҪˣͳ˼֮˲ͣûԡ
ѾѾǵظһһ˵:˵ķ纮Ҫء
ҪǰڵĹƳϳˣĲӰ쵽壬֮ȷκ𣿡
ѾѾѧҽʱѧľǶԷ纮ƣ˵ԵԼƲļΨӦõԼβ÷纮
ϾǸ߶κõĴ
ֻǣĽϵףԺҪͺܵԼˡ
ֻҪ˹ƣǿκõģֻҪʱ΢һ㡣
ţԣ
סԣҲһЩֱ𾪵ؿѾѾô֪ģ
ĸǴңȻĸǰ÷ҩζɢĨ˺ķۣһǿˡ
֪ĺĽϵģһĸܵģĸҪӦңҸơ
ѾѾ˵ʱϵʾȡ֮飬вɵ
ʶҡͷ˵ûõģѾõĴǶ˵ûа취ˣĸ֪Ĳĸǲĸ˷ʱˡ
ѵһĽϴúȥɡ
˵ˣֻʣһµʱˡ
ô˽ػѾѾȥβһǸĴ˵ˣǶѾѾ˵϶һӶûǵӰһӶУԼûãûκġ
ҲӰĽ֮ĸġ
ĸҡ
ѾѾ˵ˣŷš
ˣһλԳүδޣҪݷ
Ľϵδޣ
˼һᣬɫһӱ䣺뿪ǼĽûδޡ


478 Щ

ŷתȥֻܿˡ
ˣûߣ˵֪ˣҪԹݷ÷ˡ
šüĿǰֻŸѾѾ֪֪Сô֪ġ
˿ѾѾĸٸ˵ȼһˡ
ѾѾɵصͷá
Ӹǰǰʱࡣ
룬ҲûѾѾȥѾѾ֪Ҳ֪ˣҲûʲôġ
οԳӵδޣ£ӲѾѾȥģȻһѾѾˣǺ⣿
ѾѾȷĸȥǱһ¡
˳ѾѾ֡
ѾѾŴߵ߹ȥ
ѾѾԼ齵һ¡
ŷ˹
Ѿ߸ֶŷ棬ֻһ˽
֮󿴵ѾѾһ£ִ󷽵غԭҲ
ûн㣡ѾѾЩüͷ
ûѾѾĲһ˵ˣǲǱú˵ˣ
ѾѾƲƲ죬ԼǱˡ
˳ô֪ģ
Լߵһߵ£һ裬ԼԼһ衣
˵˵ӵδޣδϱȻˣȻö˽һЩ
Ҳ֪岻ãרҽĲҪĲƣ»ˣһӾͻûеûΪһ¶ˡ
ϣıһЩʲôı𣿡
˵ʱºͣҲǳǳЦ⡣
˵ĸоڸһЩճ£Һǹ˳һ㡣
ֻǻݱȴȫôһ¡
Դ岻֮Ϊ˱סܣŵĽɽʶطܣ׽˸εĴû֪˵顣
һСѾͷ֪Ѿ˾ȣȻ˵˴ѵ֪ôƣ
ס﷭ӿɫƽѯʣع֪ҵĲôģǲ֪عʲôأ
ѾѾ˫ֲϣһ˫ɫһ˫鶯գţʵþֱһЩѵĸ˶
ǳЦýΣЦŵʱЩɰֳͦϲͣӦĸöˣֻ֪ĸõʲôôƵģⲡȷʵûκιϵġ
Ҫ˲ʲô£ӶģԺҲûչʹӦҵҪߣԺΪĶϱұ˰Ĳκã
Ҹ֮䱾лԼǣھ֪Ҳ٣˸ӦҲԶţԼǰɣ
ѾѾ˵Ϊ˵ĶϱҪĽߵʱһ꣬ۿ˵ǿĽȢ𣿿Ϊһô޲ȥֻܿǿв˵ֶβſȢˣǿ
ֻϧĽϿɸ㲻һֲȢϱˣȢèҲȢģİɡ
ĸĲѾа취κˣ㻹ǹɣ
Ȼǰβвĸⲻҽ
ЦЦûпѾѾֻǸ˵ˣӦҲٴˣ϶Ҳ˵ϵĲǶ޲ߣӦҲ˵ڵֻܵˣ˵ĲκõĻ
С£ѵҲ𣿡
һĻɰݡ
˳ѾѾ֣ѾѾܿ˼Լֽϡ
ѾѾֱ֣˵ѾѾ˵κãȻǿκõģﲻҪˣ㻹뿪ɡ
ڸĻԼȵҵָԻؾȥ
ˣعͳȥ
˲ϲ֪ܻ֪ĲôģҲԸٸ˵һ仰

ѾѾʱ䲻ˣ㻹ǻȥĽ㵽ȥɣҲȤǣ
ѾѾȫûҪߵĴ㣬˸жͬʱҲЩ
òߴ뿪ȥĽϡ
ѾѾߵߣüЦĸ϶ûҸղ˵Ļˣû£һж֤ĿκòĸĲģʱ䣬ĸ԰Լ
ҲĸβĸҲֻܵ˲ǣҳһ£ĸҲûʲôʧ˵ܳɹأ
ˣǰĻûúõģǺĻôЩ
˼һᣬûټֲѾѾβ뷨ѾѾʧ͵˵ͷ


479 ΪƾҪ֪

ҲûԼĲܺã˵ҲøԼ̫ѹ˵ģĸĲˣĸβҲֻܵˡ
ҪûκãĸˣҲҪΣһϵûеģУĸβ飬ĸϣͲҪĽ˵ˣʡӰ֮ꡣ
ǾѾѾ϶βĲģðĵ鶼òС
ܵȵ֮󣬻Ӱδ
ѾѾ˵ͷĸģҪûκãˣҿ϶εģҲᱻҸιĽϵġ
Ϊβ⣬ЩȻͲõ
ѾѾš
ˣٴξֵֹģһԼ˵ĸо
ĸҪ˵ĲҪⲻǷ纮˹ƶйƶԭӦ˶¹ˣҪҵĻԴӸոǸŮ֡
ֲ˧磬ѾѾм֪֡
˵Ҫķ纮κãҪڵĹƳ棬޸ĵֿ
ƵķһһѾ˵ˣѾѾõ˵֮󣬾Ϳʼȥš
һЩҪ׼棬ȽϤѾѾѾѾȥ׼ʣµĶ
εĹƳϴĹƳ࣬Ҳ»𣬱֮ǰĹƳ滹ø»ΪֻﶬڲԾ
Ҫϳûȹֻ˵ܲˣûȹʱ򣬿ˡ
ʱ
ѾѾһַӡ
ַҪϡ
Ҫʮ̲ҩ
һҶڳɽ£Գɽϵҩ˽̶ȱĽҪܶࡣ
ʮ̲ҩҲ׾١
棬ѯʣ˵˹ƣҩЧ
Ȼĸһ仰鲻ܲҪʱһԹܶ󲹵ҩģͻȹʣҲ׳Ƶϻˣϻ˾嶼ȵġ
ĸڵĹƳȻܲˣȵٽʱٽĸַͰ֮ڣһӴͰڵı飬ȻͻȲشӲĸˡ
ĸַŵͰ֮ϵ¶ȻήƳڲҲŸܵѪҺڽһأ
ʱϰԻñȽ϶࣬һ衣
ѾѾҡָȻ˵϶ˣȣĸ巢ȲΪ¶ȵԭ򣬶̲ҩĺȶˣ޷ܹӪʣתΪʪааȶкĶϻ
ڿʼȵģϻ̫ʱ򣬻ɤӶһ½Ӵ飬ҲһӾͽģȹʣҪҩĵķʽġ
ɹƳѾȵٽ㣬ٶһͻܲˣûʲôӵĶ϶һʱӳġ
ʱϽѲĸٰ̧һ׼õĿˮѹƳ˾С

ѾѾ˵ķе棬ѾѾѾѾָʾ⣬˶ǱŷҲûʲôʧ̬ѾѾġ
Ǻܿ죬ǷԼСѾѾ
Ϊڰ˵ִӱͰó֮ٿٵͰڼĿˮڹ̵ˮ￴һСĳӵʬ塣
ǹƳˣôһʼô뵽ģ
ź˵Ѿ𾪵ؿľͰĳӡ
Ҫôĳӽ뵽Ӧûİɣҷ˵ʳﶼ׼ģĳӣ϶лĳӱԽȥġ
Ҳæˣų˵
Ҫ˹ѳӻ쵽ʳ棬ǿܻῴֱˣҪǻģڲ˵ʱ򲻿ܿġ
ѾѾӰˮĳӼַŵ͵ճɻҽ˵Ƴڽ֮ǰǺСģܱ֥黹СעⲻҲ
ǻڽ֮ڼȡԼҪĶٵس󣬳ڵӡ
˵̫ˣټϺѾѾʵʮȫѪѾѾҪȥ⡣
һϴ֣һ߸Ѿ˵ιĸҩ
һ뽵ҩҪ˺¡
ѾѾȥģֿһҩҩȥҩÿպȴΣ֮ٹĸҩ
ոջڻѾѾҽˣڶѾѾޱȵعӹҩܳȥҩҩ
˺ҩ꣬Ѿ˯˹ȥ
˯úܰȡ
üͷչɫҲָ
ʱ˯õһΡ
ѾѾְһŷĵ뿪
ѾѾһߡ
ҪĽ𣿡


480 ɽҹ

ѾѾתͷֵؿһ򣺡ΪʲôûѲĸҽˣѵ𣿡
ʲô²ѾѾǲڵġ
ƾʲô˺»ҪĵȥĽ˵ףҪĽԺҪúõرС
򣺡ȻѾѾ˵úе

صѾѾֱӾȥɽĽҪȥˡ
Ԭɽ̫㽶СӸ˳
Ͳȥ档
ʱеãǴؼˣͰԬһϡ
ɽֻʣѾѾĽϡ
СӶܳȥɽϵСˡ
ѾѾ˵Լ׵飬ĽϺۿսȭͷ
ѾѾļ򣺡ѾûˣҲǵĻӰѣֻúõģܰĲǣ
ĽϾѾѾĲ̫ᰲο˵ģѾѾȷϵûĿԻָˣ
Ȼ㲻ѵҵҽ𣿡
ѾѾĽϣ·ҪǸ˵һ֣͸Һݺݵһ١
Ľϣƾʲôҽ
˵Ϊѵصͷ
ɽȥף֪ԼЩҪˣĽɽȥˣȲҪɽȥ
ѾѾһĽԴϣǸ˵˯𣿶Ҳ춼ѹʱȥҪӰ˯𣿡
ĽԴίؿѾѾͲһЩ𣿴ʹˡ
ܣ
ѾѾӦֱ׳
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ʯɵڸģѾѾɲȥְʯøĽϣԼȥһߵš
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⻰ҴţѵûؼһΣ࣬Ը²ǺܼʱǳǸһؼ֮϶Ӹġ


481 һ

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482 һȥɢ

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һܿͿ޷ˣʣ޷ôôůʳﶼһԤ֮ŷ·ʵûôãҪ˵Ļ𣿡
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483 

಻ǮΧȺڶѾѾ̬ˣҪȥȼٴ·
ѾѾ˵껰ôɢȥĽϼȥ֡
ĽĿɿڴؿѾѾ
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Ľüͷôˣ


484 ĿȢ

ĻĽɫѿ
ֱƿ߽ȥ
һذ׳ϣذ֮û뵽·棬Ѫ˲·Ⱦ졣

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485 ջˮ˵ĵһ

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486 ʲô

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²мȻһŮˣʱЦ


487 Һòб

洫Щ֣ʲôûоĽ˵Щġ
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ѾѾĽҲſȥ

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Ľϸ˵ҸɽʱһֻҰҵǲɽϵҰͲס䣬㵽ˣǽܵ˺ңֻܸϽôҹδȻˡ
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棬ȷʵҲһֻҰ档
ҰڴƤҲ죬Ǻӡ
峤ܻбҰޣǿȥǧӵˡ
ǰ峤ǸϿȥɣܳˣȻǴҾҪġ
һһģЩֱӾ͸ǹﴫѽѽ
峤Ҳҵæż׳ĺӣǰ棬ſ߹ȥ
ѽԺ᲻޲ȥ˰ǲǱǸ̫ð
ѾѾüͷ
ոѾº֣֪ǵļƻ
Ҫ˳֮⣬ɻǸֻҪȢ£ͲˣûԸ޵ģڻȢ£ֱҪ̫á
ѾѾţһ⡣
ٺٵЦЦ
ѾѾҪʲôһһ֮䣬̲סпԽԽбˣ
Ǹֻรˡ
峤ʮȳ뵽
ղŻҪôԸҰ޵ǣȫȻʯһ
ſʲôզȥ㶯֣òҰ̫࣬Ż˰ɣ
һһѡ
ȵҲ֮󣬿ݵ飬Ҳסȫ֪ôӦ


488 ĽǸ̬

峤ǵһӦģȵ£ǸϽͣ
¸û峤ĻҲûע⵽˽һؽһ顣
˵Ľ⵽˶С
ΪղƬ̵İ治ԵĴҲǵĽ
ȵʲô飬кܶ඼ȥ
ЩǿЩ
Źܲܰæ򼸸Ұ޵ĸǸߵֱۿû뵽ƽʱͦɵһˣȻôŵܸһˣô˶ڿţǾȻͣƤǶ񰡡
ʲôû뵽ҿƽʱˣûһŻͻǰյģҿͲʲôĹңⲻ֪ӲԸˣ£ҿ˵Ȣ
ͲŶ󰡣զôҪأô벻𣿡
ǰܻǴӵķˣߣѾͷʲôȥ𱻴ˡ
СӣͲŶ󰡣ϽӻؼȥʲôҲܿĶ𣿱˲ҪͲҪ
ոջС۵ĸǣȻӦæԼҵĺӳȥ
ֶǺǿ
˺ӣԼ๫ߣĿתʱæȥʲôֲû飬ʲôÿġ
廹㿴𣬻Ҫȥ˵ģҿǲˡ
ϽؼȥιٿˣҲǵģôôҪأƵġ
ӵĺӣĺӶԼӻ˳ȥ
滹ʣһЩû˹ܵģԼ˻˵ˡ
ô˶ȥȥˣ¸ȻôͶ룬ôҡ
峤ôһɨѳ˹ȥҴҪѾͷ㣬ô˿ţ㾹ȻôҪҪҰӽ쿪ʼҾûŮ
쵰ӵŮҲҪǲ㣬ҾͲ֡
峤ɨ¸һһµشţȻرһѷѽ⡣

ԼĪһʱ֮¸·һһߣ϶˺ۡ
ϰˣһ뵽ղŸ飬شЦ
峤֤Ȣµġ
Թߵص

˵Ȼ»ûмǣΪô˶飬峤ֻˣҳ׵ӾͶǰˡ
գѾѾɽĽĵʱĽϸ˵˺¼
Ȿ֮еģѾѾ꣬ŶһҲûʲôۡ
Ľ϶һºܺ棬һ㽶ѾѾҶɢʱȥʲô
ѾѾ㽶ƤҧһڣӦûʲôǾǶҲǻĹҵģҾ͸˰
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Ľʶصͷǰҧһ㽶嶶һ£ĬĬضһ㽶
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ĽϸѾѾ˵µ飬ʵ˵ʲô
ĽϿһԬʣ赭д˵ûʲôֻôһ˱̫ѡ
ĽǸ̬
Ԭʴʱ˿̣Ψһ뷨
һеĻŽһеı̫࣬ľͲʹ
Ԭʲ뷨Ļ¸
»صҾܷԼˡ
֪ĽϾȻô񶾣ǸŮ۸Լǿ϶ȥģͲԼ
ɽ´峤Ů㲻ܼ޸ĽϣԭҲǿԼ޸һܺõ˼ҵģڡһжˡ
ϵĿջ˿ѾãҲָһЩѪɫ
ߵѾС㣬Ҫˣкܳһʱ䲻ȥˣҲֻһˡ
Ľϵ֣ҵزһ£ŭǰ֣ǶħǸ̬ҪȡԼ
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Ľϣƭ˾˵жٹﰮĽ㣬϶֪˵ʲô
ĽϲǺܸȤһ䣺˵ʲô
Ԭ˷ܵ÷Ц˵ˡ


489 ˵˵ʲô˵

Ԭ˷ܵ÷ЦϸĹﶼ˵ˣԺһҪԶһ㣬Ƕ˵ǸòȻĵˣҶţǼ޲ȥˣҲܼ޸ˡ
ǿ̫׼ˡ
Ԭֻôġ
һͲΨһûŮԵļһˡ
ĽµصͷͦõİԺûˣеŮ˶Ʋңһֵ徲һЩ
֪Ը̲֮󣬻Чʹˡ
Ԭʣ
еȫһһ㶼档
ԬʶʱǸƤһ
߰ɣȥϸˡ
ѾѾѸոĽõöŵˣװСڣվɽȥ
ȥɣҾͲȥˡ
ԬʳѾѾǻ˻֡
˵꣬Сֱӹ죬˳ȥ
ԬѩϴӣɽһôˣǧشôԶĵطĽϣɽһᶼѵĴ֮д˵𣿡
Ľ޷ͷŦۣԣ˸֮ͻģֻǸ֮Ͷѡ
Ԭӵ۵ؿĽϣ˵ŲҾ͸ˡ
ĽϵͷŰϾ;ɽ㽶ܳԾһЩ
㽶ԬһӾЦˣ˵ϣǶôĺˣ˵ʲôأѵԵʶҿǾӦõһӵĺѵģʲôʱпˣǾͽһ°ɡ
ݣġ
ĽϿۺÿӣŸѾѾĲ
Ԭ׷ȥ
СֲɽôůͣܳԵ㽶ǿ϶Ըһȥġ
תɽʼԱ˾˯ӡ
Ԭʵ书ѾѾĽҪһЩҪ׷Ҳףȵ׷ǵʱѾϵլ档
ĽϺѾѾѾҵ˵һỰ
˵Ѿת˲١
ѺǸˣѾȷʵǰ¶û˯Ѿˣﺰš˵˵ʲô˵
ĽϿһѾѾ˵ҹȥ
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ĽϿÿԬʡ
Ǹ򱻹ڲ
ĽϸԬʲſ񷿣洫Ǹ󺰴е
˵ˣ˵ˣʲôԸ˵ˣǿ˯
ֻҪ˯Ҿʲô˵ˣǣǡ
ǷϵĹƶµģҲֻ˰µĶѡ
Ҳ֪Ǹ˭ֻ֪Ǿǵˣ˵ʲôģҲ֪ʲô

ĽϸԬʻûнȥѾſ߰˰ˡ
Ĳ֪Ǹ˭˻ҹģǹҹˣҲ׬ӣ͹ˣƳ滹ôõһֻˡ
Ƴ棿ȻǹƳ棬û뵽Ҳйơ
Ԭʾһ¡
֮ǰϾͷƵй¼ԬҲ֪һЩ
ڸĽдŵʱҲ˵
ĽҲ֪ġ
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ȥȥȥԬʻûʱ䲻˯˳ɶģء
˽ȥ
Ľѯʣ汻ŵˣһ̵ذԼ֪˵
ǲˣȻ˸һŸһƱܵڸ˹ơ
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ڸдʱ͸˵ˣЭһˣæˡ
ûиϢ
š
ĽϸԬȥѾѾϣѾѾհꡣ
ĽϵĻǾھǣʲôʱɫ
Ľע⵽˵ɫѯʣǲʶˣ
˻عָ˵ǣҲ֪˭Ҳùˡ
ĽϸѾѾӣҾѣ
ԣҲ˵ѣ
Ժȥ顣
ĽϿ˵ʱ򣬵˵ͷã
γ·Ϻʱ̣ܳһٷ緹Żȥ

ǣʹʺ鷿档
ϣʺѾʱˡ
ţ
ǣ


490 ƾؿ

鷿ڷһ̧ۣ
ǣ
ʤߣһϣ̫ﵽ


ϣʺʼǻʺ󣬶ܵ󽫾Ϊ˽ɽ룬øӻҪġ
ʺϹ٣ϹټҵĴŮСĵܾܵǵս񽫾ҲϹ޵С
ϹټǽϹ޵˳ᢣ۳ҽƽ˸ս£ºպսر
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οƾٵ⣬ǸŮȷֵģǲ֪ʲôʱԿŮأ
˵ⶼȥˣҲ֪Լжٸˡ
̫ǻϵĸһҲ˻ϸӡ
Ȼʻʱ򣬺󹬼ǧҲͶһˣ빬ʼͱȻʳݱ֮ʱɾҪ룬ҲȻʵϲҶԻʺô
̫ںʵδ̫˼ں󹬵֮ϣû̫ĶթĶǣѾΪ̫ˣȻ˼ҵײࡣ
ԸŶӳӡ
ϵĸŮ˵κã̫ȻҪһ
˵ѾѾڳһЩЦݣѾͷʱȥڸˣĸҪұһţشӹʱھͣ죬ĸ˵˵
˳ĸƽѾͷڵҽ˵ã±Ȼʹõ̫ҽҪʤ֡
ãұѾͷˣȻȥ׼Ѿͷļˡ
ĸȥ
Ϸ̫߳鷿
ڵϵĻʺ̫̾˿˵ʺһع
ʺ̧̫Ŀڻϣᶨҡͷĸ󣬵ֻҪӦ̫ӣ檱㲻
ʺĸµλϣѰʱҲܶԵԼݣϿʶ壬ˣڵӣԵЩСˡ
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Ȼϡ
̫ʺ˵ʺ̫ӵĸ󣬸ǻϵĻʺϣܹŪĸݸҪ
ĻҲ˵ˡ
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ڻ߶꣬ǻǰõĹ뵽ʺ£ŵѯʣϣǻʺĲԸһֱ⻰ҪǴϹټң»ᡭ
ĻʤҲ˵һ̫ǲڻǰɵ顣
ϹټҲҽġ
Ϲβǻʺ󣬲ֲʱӦЩʲô
ʺżˣǷǰ϶Ҳȵס
Ҫ鷿ȥѾѾдš
ûмǸѾͷˣȻϰնԷʳ̩ˣŻǶ󣬾ʵǰӿ
Ҳʱʱȥ΢Ѳ
Ҳ֪ǸѾͷôˡ
ǳ˵ǸѾͷڳԽı־Ҳǰôˣеġ
ͦɴģҲܽ
Ϊ˰ԬСף١

дţ
˼ΪƾٻҪؿΪ˲ӰĴǣ¿ԵʱҪ춨ЩȫȨ𡣡

˵ĲѾױҲԽԽãΪָǰһԣǱǰҪãĽϽ˴ɽȥ˼죬ÿ춼Ľһȭ
ѾѾڳɽסʱ䣬˸Ľϻβ⣬ҲȥʶĽϵ˲԰
˲԰˵ݣҲõݴһĴ˱ůĴʩȷ˲βᱻ
˲԰˲γģĿٶǧ꣬Щ¶ҶҲһ۾ͿݲǳкЩ˰˲ΣҲм꿴رϣǧһ㡣
ѾѾÿˮҪˡ
˲Ժ󶼸Ұɣ
У
ĽϺؾܾ
ѾѾ
ߣ˵Ͳȵ˲ٶ೤꣬ԼΡ
ѾѾεڸҪǸĽβģ˳Ϳȼٴô


491 ɵòǻϰ

꣬ÿҲ꣬ۿʣһ²ˣǵϻشˡ
·ҪǲͣĻҲʮ¶ʮĵʱϵ
ҪǼӵսûܸϻȥһս
ȥʱˣĽϻ򶼹ǡ
˺۾ѾѾԴϣ˵Ѿͷ漸죬ôôͻȥأ㿴ҪдŻȥ˵ٻȥ
㻹ûںڸ꣬ÿһںڸա
ϷʱϰײһҲһҪ꣬һͦ顣
ĽվԱߣ˫ֽԺͷб۾ѾѾĵ˵˵ûһֱڼģ겻ҲͦõģҿԴ㵽ȥȥѹǮǻܵǼȥ
˵ˣǱ߹ҲͦģϲڼһȻԻʲôģ϶ûԹ𼦡
ÿȥʶȻԺ㶼֪ҪȵʲôʱĻˡ
ѾѾһĽϣ˵ĸһʱͻˣҪˣҲȥ꣬ҴȥǼҵĹ԰дȥǼڹڸ̳ǣ˵ʱ԰̳ӦҲˡ
ڸ̳ѾӪúܳˣѾѾۺԴ̳ǵģʽط
Ⱦʹĸǿʼ

ٶĲᣬѾѾҲҪ뿪ġ
ˣĽϣһһָ
˺۾ȻǿЦѾѾ·Сġ
ѾѾ˵ȥӽˮӣ˳㿴
ĽϰرȥѾѾ
ѾѾĽϻûõӦεԼıӡ
ĽϺСˣҵÿĲκãҲһܲС
ѾѾһһֹţ
ѾѾҪȥһ˾Ļھס죬ȷֱӾͻȥˣ
ϣԬʻЩϲѾѾ
ѾѾѾյɵţͷ
⼸ڸãûѩߵ·Ѿˮѱ鶼ڻˡ
ǵ·ϻ˳ִ򻬵
ѾѾƿӿ棬·ԻǶѻ˲ٻѩ䣬䵽һӾͻɰɫһˮҲ֮ͽҲûʲô˳ˡ
ڿӵ·
ûʲô
ѾѾشԬʵ⣬һһ˵Ժ޷Ҳֻܴӱĵط˹ˣÿкüºˮҪѼ
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ĽҲ˵ˣȵһЩȼٴǱҲҪŵġ
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һһͷţҲãϾÿкüǵ˻ٺܶ࣬ɿĻΪ˱ֵڵ¶ȣҪմ̿ӪɱҪߺܶࡣ
޷ĵ꣬Ҳ＾һˡ
ļ޷˲࣬ĻҪӦöˡ

һ·ûôͣͳ;˼³Ϲé
ʱ䵽ﾩǡ
֮ǰֻǾǣûͣڿסˣԬʼһ
һȦ֮һûз£ܹѾѾѾѾҪסİҪסջסɵ
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ѾѾԬʵ
ǴںڸʱѾĽˣʣµľĻϲ·
Ľϸ˸ʰĺڸزѾֱӴش档
ѾѾںڸз飬ԬҲ˵ֻû뵽ǣѾѾķӾȻô󣬻ڻʹϵġ
ôȥˣԬҲˣԼ⣬ʶĶˣ˼ҲˣһѾѾլӣʶķӦǣ򵥣
ѾѾɵǸʲôģ
ѾѾ룬ӦӦǵٵģɵ֮ǰСͺܺãСڸɵǰƺͦģҾøɵĹְӦñСĸߡ
ԬʾȵöҿѾѾլˣСͺˣɵȻСòǻ˰ɣ
ѾѾڵʱ䣬լҲ˴ģŷˣ
˵ŷϽš
ѾѾ˺ܶ࣬òһ㣬ÿ궼˰ѾѾĻ͹ŷҲϳѾѾ
æȥ
ѾѾԬʣ˵ȥɡ
ѾѾ㻹ûشأɵòǵĻϰɣ
ѾѾԬһۣôܣǲ뿪ʹģοȥǴôңԶĵط
ԣ㻹е㳣ʶɣ


492 ̺

ѾѾ⼸Ȼǲ飬е㲻ѧӣɻʶеġ
ֲԵܡ
Ǹλϵ˵ȥǴôңԶĵط¾뿪ʹһᶼС
οϾǳ߶һȺģôһɽϣ˶û˷֡
ѾѾԥطԬʵĲ²⡣
ԬʺٺٵЦЦҲ˵˵
ǽʱ߻żˣǵĶԻ˱Щ΢
ڱЩʲôһ
ܼ˵һˣ˵С㣬Ѿ˰ѷʰˣǵ
ѾѾһԬʣʾϡ
С㣬Ѿȥ֪ͨү˵ˣүӦúܿˣʱϣȲҪȥ
ѾѾνص˵ͷš
ԬżʵأҿԳȥɵɵֲҸɵӦò뿴ҵİɣ
ܼҿһԬʣ˵ү֪ԬӸСһϣԬҲ
Ԭ˲¼ЩʧҾͲϳȥˡ
ܼҹؿһۡ
Ƕ˶ܹǼүܸү˵һ仰ǳȥҫһˡ
ǰ꣬һǼүҪȻòˣڸв֪

ѾѾԬϴô죬Щܲˣһصʼ֮󣬾Щ˯
ȵٴʱѾһʱ֮
緹һ󷹲˵ζƮ
ѾѾԬʱ˴ƫ
ƫһ˲䣬ѾѾɴ۾ƫˡ
ɵ
۵˴ʮңǷг˶еʣһĤݵƣѾѾǰµĸɵ
ԬҲźɽ塣
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ѾѾڿɽʱϾͱɹɵӣǰҪɣߵֱߵĵһλ¡
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˱úܺãͣŴ磬һֺУ̲סҪĸо
ЦЦ˵ѾѾ̣ǸɵףԺˡ
̣
ѾѾСûԼ̣ڴҲû˭ıָߵԵ̵ġ
ƺ˵Щİ
Ÿˣ˺ܾãЩغ̡
̫ҲڴѾѾʮСûȫѾܿһЩǵĽɫ
˫峺˸鶯һǺܴӡ
˵ˣǹҵӽˮкСģˣߣϽ˺ܶ⡣
Ǹϲĺӡ
ߣ̺úÿ㡣
ѾѾ˵ͷߵ̫ǰ̫ϣѾѾվŵĻ̫Ҫͷȥӻ۵ġ
ɴͷһգһգؿ̫󣺡̿𣿡
̫ѾѾϣƵϣü𣬷ĵЦˣֲɵôϲ㣬ԭǸôϲ˶
̫⼸ʱ򣬻϶ŪһЩֵֹĴȻڻʹ۵ĵط
ʹϣ˵ĸŮдģʱ֪ΪʲôôϲŮдĴˡ
ôϲСѾͷ˵дĴͦȤȤҲҪôҿ
ϿԬʣһüͷЩˣ䲻ǼСѾͷӿЩ䲻ˡ
Ϊ˶žϣĿԣָֻΪϵϣԬʣҲСˣ㶨𣿡
Ԭʣ
»ãһ˲;˶ˡ
ίӦûС
ô£²ģ㿴ϱ˼СòѾǵĹˣ
ѯʵʱ򣬻ʶؿѾѾ
Сﳤ̫ˣҲǷˣЩģ㿴еģᾯ
ԬʵͷС˵ţǿҡ
ϣ
û£ҪǿļҵĹ͸˵Ұҿ˭ҿ㡣
ԬʻѾѾһһ£ԬʺôѾѾĺѡ
ЩƲԬʣƲѾѾΪһŮĵǾԲġ
Ԭʿϵ˫ۿ̲ס죬Щжû뵽ѾѾĸɵȻô
ѵҲ뵱ɵҪɶӣ
Ԭ뵽ѾѾסĴլӣǸɹŮĴؿŻ˵ɽԸ⣬ҿԸѾѾһɵ
ɫ䣬һӣУϲļҹﶼУǲϲѾѾ
ԬʣϸɵϲѾѾʲôϵ
ѾѾԬϲԬֲϹޡôϹĶϲ


493 ΨһĻ

ѾѾƳһԬʣ˵ɵ϶ˣԬ˵ԺɵֻΪҲ뵱ĸɶӣһõ͵ѡ
ѾѾԬôѣ˽⻹еġ
ȻԬصͷûûɵֻѾѾһھǣڻʹһôլӶѡ
ϸ̫Ȼ
ԭΪԭ
Ц˵˲ϲϸɶӣԾô˰գҪϸɵҵʱܸɵ
ӣΪ̫ţС⣬ӶףٸŪɶҲ
ԬʣܾԼٶȱһ

̫ѾѾ˵˺ܶ໰ڴںڸ顣
ѾѾ̫壬̫Ҫɽʱ̫طſѾѾϻػʹ
ϣѾѾ⹫ôˣǲҲʹˣ
һᣬӦʱȲٵ꣬ȵѾѾһҶᵽٰš
ٵ꣬ȵҸɰ٣һһȻҪŰᵽ
ʹϵĴլӵ˻ˣϢھһʮʮٵش˳ȥ
ҲС
ǰѾصǡ
ĽȻֻ˱Ƥ΢ձãⲻ
صǵձүү˵ҪȡԼ飬شʷŭֻ֮˵ٵ֮꣬ĽϻûлؾǣȥȡԼ֮¡
ؼشʷ˵һѾô˵ˣ˾ҪԶɡ
ڷĸģѾ漱Ҵҵ˽߶˼䡣
´ϲźĸϢ֮󣬴Ҵҵ˳ȥ
˵ģʹլĻˣ
СĻǧȷūڼլˣ׿˵ġ
·Ĳӿ죬ԵЩżҴҵ˵ȥôյŰݷá
լǰƾճֵģݼأǼû֪լסʲôˡ
ҿȷǣǸլ֮ǰǻУ̫ȥǴլӶ󲻵ã֪ûլӵˣڻĿеĵλжôҪ
Ƕһڲլ˵ϢҲڲ顣
ҪȡĽ֮ĻԼ֮ҪΪؼ£˲㹻ʱȥ˵үү¡
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ѾЩ̫ͬɫ˵С㣬ǸլסŵĶ֪ʲôأŮͶ󶼻֪óóȻȥţǲǲ̫ã
ҡ
Ѿ߿ǰЩЩԥңЩСò׵ģҪǶͳȥˣլֲԸͷЩǰ׷ˣ
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Ϊôﵱܳһ
֪Ůܼҵĵλֶô¡
ûԣӻȥֺһЩ¾ǶˣҲ֪
ܵЩ͵͵ܵġ
ҧ촽һ˵ǰһŶƿ͸ֺġ
ֻЩûϣΪ˴һ٣ְѶ˻
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Ҳ˰ͻ޵ȥҴү̫
ȫһ̣ͬʱμҲǻʺİ㣬С͸ʺرãҳΪǼû˸ȥǵļ֮һ
ҲǾǴ˶Ҫͽļ֮һ
ȴûмŮĻҪ޸ҴٳΪ̫̫
紫ԣҴѪ飬Լĵܵܶݲ£Ƶ׵ܵҪϾϵԲбв˳ıᱩ˸檡
ԸŤ޳̰ɣֻҪϲŮ˾͸һϲ°ؼң˾˻ǹڼպй
ܼҶǿҵݵλǮҪ޹ȥһҪԾȡ
ֻҪһ˿ĻŹ
޹ȥˣһ˺ӣܹñҪҡ
Ѿ̾˿ͬؿãС㣬ʵĿӳȥģֻҪ뿪ܼңܹˡ


494 İ¹

ðѻƿĺϸظϣĿ⿴Ѿ߲СĴһѾˣȻӵһǺ«
Щ
ǰһ뿪ܼң磬ʲôǺ«еСһҪһǺ«ζ
ֻǻܼһѾ߶磬Ѿһٺ̫ξҵŮһǮò
ʱǶ˳ģû˻ӣһǺ«һ
ʱǸ꣬һֱۣ˰Ǻ«̯еǺ«͸
ôǺ«ҲûȫؼңͷָΧСֻһ
Ҳ᲻óԣһֱǺ«ţڡ
ĿǰΪֹǰѾ⣬ΨһůˣȻԼҲûʶζʲôǼꡣ
Ǻ«ѾߵĽűߣѾüͷС㣬Ǻ«ӣɢζˣҿӵɡ
У
ðǺ«ʲôһǺ«·档
ȥҵĴңѴ׵ǸóﻹЩӣһȳȥһŮʽ޷
լסŵĿǸŮޣǻС
ǵڶӵһ޷Ϊ١
Լ᲻޷ЩǲʡģֻϣլǸ˻ϲܸܵĳ⡣
ؼңҲ뵽һ㣬סǸլ˷ǸѰĶ벻ۡ
մػܻȥ޷ҪڸһɾͲѩ̿Ч
С㣬޷װĻŮװģ
Ѿ
լŮĻȷ˵˴ŮģǸŮޣбסôլӵġ
˵װʮ꿪ʼÿСһס
ʮ֮ǰ仹̫Сû˻һôСĺԼסġ
լǸ˶Ȼ14ϵġ
ǣ
ңĻûл˺ĵСɹ
˵լӻˣֲڼң˵Űݷһ°ɡ
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ü֮͸аȣһ˫һͻĵһ΢΢ɢ˵ȥ
ѽ⺢ӡεز_һۣȥͲȥɣҲ֪լסʲôˣóȻƺҲ̫á
Ҳȥݷõģֻ˵ҶȥˣľǼҲȥá
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ǸҶ˵լ˻ˣʹڵļӸϢҵĲֶ࣬һЩ
޹߻̱ϣ
ĸʸĸոճˣ˵ȥ˸ڵլ˵լסʲôˣǸòùȥһ
һԼΨһӣҡҡͷ˵Ȳżٵȼ졣
ں󹬼ӻ֮ûģʱһҲûʲôá
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ţǶĸϢжܰæģ߾ܡ
ˣȥɣ㸸ʰѿƾٵ齻㸺ˣҪúʧѵõĻᡣ
ǣ֪Ȼøʧġ
ӲӨ޹̧ͷһϱƲסһǹһĨЦ
¾ڵҲǻᷢġ
עǿ£ֻʱ躹ޣһ죬ʻῴĺõġ
ɹ޹ɹһ˻飬ر˯
Ҳˡ
Щʱܻô˯ˣ᲻᲻̫ã
УѾˣ˵кܶ˶취ȥֺóǲҲӦ׼
ɹϱӸסͷЩͷˣ˵ˣҲˣƷҲˣҲˣѵҪҹҲ𣿡
ڳ£ͱˣ˵ˣھǴ죬̫ﻹھǹһʱ䶼һȥʲô֣
Ůĺۣں󹬵̫ϵū澵Ķˡ
Ȼ˵úеȻԶԡ
ֻǣ˻ϣ̫⣬Ҳֻ֪լݡ
Ҳ˵˼ʹǼûпȥ裬ʵϣǺܳӡ
ˣŮźɹ˯
Ԭʵһǣ˷ܵѾѾȥһȦҹУѾѾظϻ˯
ڴϻһֱ˷ܵ˯š
ڵĸڷѾѾ˯øһ


495 СϲԬ

˯̫ڵڶѾѾǱܼҳѵġ
С㣬ؼҵС㣬ܼҵСݷˣš
ѾѾ˯ôʱҲ˯ˣ֮󣬱ѹ
ԴƬ̵ķſգܼҸոᵽ֡
֮ǰԸĽлԼǸ
һŵĹܼӦǵġ
ѾѾ´·һ޷߳ʹܼңʲô
ںڸʱΪӦòٳĽǰˣڣȻˣ
˵֪ˣݷ˺ܶ޷˵ǣ޷ܾǵĺ䡣
ܼҰԼ֪ѾѾ˵ˡ
ѾѾšüģ뵽˹ؼĵط֪լӵ𣿡
ܼҡͷ֪ΪүԸ͸¶ݣǳүǣӦû֪˭
ѾѾˣˡ
ֲΪ֪լӵ
֪ῴˣʲôӦأ
һأʲôˣΪʲôݷң
ѾѾƲԺӵƫѾú緹ԬѾ֣س
ܼҸѾѾ㱨ÿ͵Ϣ
̫ξӵĹŮΪģڶﲢܳ裬̫ξûʲôλ˶硣
λݷСӦʶŸĹϵܹܼҵĵλԲñ͸ҵĴӵ檡
ѾѾҧһ£죺Ҵӿⷲ
ǣүĴ磬үȫˣھǵķܲã⼸ϵ檾Ȣû˵Ů˸Ů˶ֻһˣֱˡ
ΪˣֻҪͶ·Ůӣ̫ǣ
ѾѾⷲӡͣǰǻ֪Ǹˡ
ܼ˵Щǲˡ
һᣬ˵Ȱôš
òϲⷲҲǸйͬϲĶǿҲѵġ
ʶһЩøС
п˵ɣҲν￴ʲôӦҲڴˡ
һ޹Ҫ˵ķӦҲ޹Ҫġ
Ԭֽһӣһ࣬ѾѾ˵Щ˶ģҲûʲôˣҾԼȥ˰
ѾѾͷУԼǵ·С
ԬʸճȥϱܼҴá
Ԭʸո˹ܼ˵ĻǶһЩ˽⣬һãϴ·Ǹ˽㴩·磬ùܼ˵ͦʵġ
ȷʵܼ˵Ǽҹͦѵġ
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ԬֱӲѾɵ档
ܼҰôѾѾǰѾѾѾ緹һۣʵҪ𣿡
ÿѾѾʱһ˲
βס𾪡
û뵽˴լˣȻֻһʮС仹ҪСꡣ
СͶ֮䶼ݲȣǴƺֱˡ
عҡҡͷллС㣬ʱѾù緹ˣԲˡ
լլլӵӦþյģԲ²š
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ѾѾ
ǰСñȹܼҸո˵ĻҪҡ
Ȼ緹Բ
εõͷ޲ðͷ͵ö档
ܼҵܺãҲǾǼ֮һܼҵ˿϶ǲڳԲģֻǶڱ˶ԡ
ˣܼҳѾ⣬û˻ǵûԹ
Ѿһȥˣû˻͵緹
ǿŶӹġ
ѾѾһݹȥãڣǳԹ緹ˣҲٳһЩɣʣô࣬Ҳ˷ѣ͵£ҽһɡ
ԥţѾѾγҧ촽мصͷллС㡣
ó緹ʱѾѾҲڱϿš
һ˼ŴҪҪȥ棬һߴá
ĳֵƥȶͦõģþǺȡ˵ͣ˾֮󿴹ƯСˣһˣݵöӪһ
óԶʱ򣬶ţҲĿ
͸һͻһ
һ仰ѾѾõƷӦҲǲģԸȥӴ͡

Ԭ͸լ˴ʲôط棬ֱ˹ȥ
һѾѾ˵ʲôֲĵطۼ˾Ǵ󲿷ſ
˵Ĺӿġ
гԵģģĿͦࡣ
ĵ¥̨Χ¥΢֣ͦͦʵ꣬аȵЦݣʵǸ˭


496 ҸڿЦ

˵óֵҹɶʶ¥µ꿴ȴЩ
Ĵӳĺ߹˳˵ķ򿴹ȥԲһɵͦϲİ꣬ҡҡͷǱ𴦹İɡ
ڿԬɻ̧ͷ
˲ͱ˫·Ṵ˵һȥ
һе۾Ȼôÿ϶ǸĽһרƭҸŮĻ
Ԭʰһɣͷֱ߽
ط־;¥Ĵ඼ǹӸ
ҲмҹǶͻȽСģӲҪԼֳˡ
ǣ߽ȥһɫӡ
ǳҪÿһЩӡ
ԬƳһۣͳһԷ˺ܶʳļ߽ȥ
¥漯˳ԺָĶ
ԵĻ˿ͨľ¥⣬ǲơ
ǰһЩʳڱϵϣŪһЩļӣװʽʳ
ʳкܶ࣬ĳ⣬ѾѾҲܳԵĵ̢⣬ԼֻըܳԵըֻѾѾҳԹεﶼС
и֮ǰûмֻѾѾҼϡ
ʲô̲裬ȣţ̣֮ġ
Ԭʿ۾ɴˣѾѾҵ̫Ʒλˣһôõĵططֱð
ѾѾߣΪѾܶõĶѾûʲôʳܹ𺳵ˣˡ
ӣҪ¥֮ǰҪȽһӵķãȷҪҵӡ
ԬʶʳˮʱһС˹
һӣԬʷǳɴؽ˳ȥޱȵңҺѾѾûиѾѾһҪһӣ϶̫Ȼߵġ
ʧȥ˸ЩʳĻᡣ
ӣ¥ڵĶá
ַģԬǲȤģڼôʳ֮
Сһɳǰ£ȷϢ֮󣬾ͿʼʳѰ֮á
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ʳΪֻѾѾҲеأû뵽Ҳôࡣ
лкöǼӶûеġ
ܹǸһֺϤĸо͸صѾѾһ
ѵѾѾѾͷȻھǿһĵꣿ
أȳ˵
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Ķװ֮λ֮ǰ˳һֹ
ſ¥ϣĵؿԬʵһһվҲ¥ݣֱӴΧ淭һӵµһ¥վԬǰ
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ԬŷḻĽʳЩľ飬ûһͰһֻըԵøɸɾͬʱҲԵ͡
ճԵ棬Ҳûע⵽ˣڳ꣬һ̧ŵ͵һ£ʶֻסûгʳ
㡭ʲô
ԬʾؿǰŸĽϺÿЩֶͬ˼Ϣ
ü۵ʹԬʵϣûʲôֻôʳĶѡ

ֻһˡ
Ԭʱʳ˵Ĵԣٶ۵عһŷӦǰÿ˵
ܳ˵˭أֻǳ΢Բһ㣬ҿɱÿ࣬Ҳˡ
Ϊ֤ԼԬʻվ
ص˵ͷţȷʵǱһ㣬ԶʱǸͦġ
ԬʴСǸƢˣߣӣ˵ҿҴˣҪúõؽѵ㣬СүԺ󶼲Զ
ɲأȻеţͷɣҵĶңҪǽѵңԺҲǲԶˡ
顱Ԭʱŵ͵ջ֣ײǣʹһӾðˡ
֣ͰͣһϿҵؿɣ
ҸǿЦģ
ڴһսΧȺڣ
ǹӶ׼ˣǿЩ
˵õҪѵ˵أǻ뿴ӱ˴ʱôء
ôöҪҪԵ㶫ȥù
Ԭ˲ͻΪһСӣЩȻһ㶼Υ͡


497 и磬Ժ

ǹһĨԵߵĻȣͷñȿȹ
֡
Ԭʻûкȹȣÿϵļǰ涼ǱעֵģҲõĻҲĸǿȡ
һ̵ĳȥһȵʱ˳ҲԼһ
á
ذѿȵݸɡ
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ԬʺٺٵЦ£Ӧ򲻹ҵġ
ΧȺڣ
ҪĶӣǴ򲻹ҲҪ뷽跨Ͼϵʡóȥӵ
ЦЦӣһڡ
ԬʿԼϵĵ˿ˣҲ𿧷ȣ׼Ҫȡ
۽ǵ⿴վˣɻͣ£Ҫ𣿡
ǣվֽš
Щأ̵ԶԬһЩ
Ԭȫˣ˵ͷſȣսߣһڡ
һ˲ۡһ£ȫ˳
絽ɸոŵϡ
Ҫɻڱľͻ
ΧȺڣ
ӣһ
ѽʲôôô࣡
ԬﶼǿȵĿζæ˿鵰
㤵ؿɣʧȥζ𣿡
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ⶫøҩһˡ
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ã
ǰ˿ƹһʳĶңԺ׵ˣ˵Ļ϶Ҫƴӵġ
Ԭȥ˱ţ̹ǵʱ˺ܾòڸոշſȵĵطһӰɰǷ
˹ԥ뿧棬ֵ˺ܶţ̽ȥֱѱװ
ſȵĵطӵģҲùһ¡
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ζζһ˵ǽζһĶ
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⿧̫úˡ
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ҲӵǸţ̰ɣȻûζҲܺôѺȵĶίθġ
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ǵᣬȥԵ㶫
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ڼ仹ȵعɺüΡ
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ҲǸӣҲ˼꣬úܺÿúÿĻǿԼģһ͸Сˡ
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ûлشֻǼԬʣҵ乻ˣ
Ȼɣ˺ͦһ£ûȤһʲô֮顣
Ԭʳ̫ĶԭͲǺԴӵزˣҲ֪⻰ʲô˼˺ܾãŹӦ绪ïôĶӣ
֪ͺãԺ󺰸硣
ɵ˸ƣ΢
Ԭϱֱ壬غһ磡
ӿҪɾжɡ
һ˶ӵеĵܸܵеģ
ΧȺڣ
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һִֻɳαϣһִֻڴϣָһûһµţԣԺ㣡
ü̧ʵʲô֣
һֱʶΧȺڼ±ơ
Էֶ֪һĻޣֵŶԣ
ԬȫǰΧȺڸ׵ˣȻǸԱһӦţԬʣʵҲøңֻҪʱԵʳˡ
ʼգĿĶǳȷ
ףɡ
Ԭ˺ܾòŷӦ׵ԣ״֣һʺƨˡ


498 

ԬþԼĲѧ˵ճɵɰɣԢ⣬̫ʺϸˣٷ磬ƷòǷò˫ŷݣӢǶıΣ꣬ҫ۵þ͸̫һ
һ֣Ҷ鲻ԽעĿڵĵطĶȻʧɫ
ϣ⣬Ҳûˡ
ڵĵطٺĶҲ紺һ㣬ů⣬ڵĵطҹ١
Ѿ˺ܶϵΧȺ¶һ̾Ϊֹı顣
û뵽һ֣ôһ
üԬʣǳЦлл佱
Ԭƨ뵽ԺԳԵ¥ĶѾˣá
θڴ󿪣½˺ܶ࣬˺ܶ࣬һֱӶŲ˲Űݡ
ΧȺڳԹϳԱˣΧ۵һһӵĶŵ̱ɳϡ
һ赭дһԣб֧°ͣؿŶꡣ
Сۿ
Ǹе˭ôӺôһһǵһοӶһ˵ô໰ء
Ӳϲ˸״ʵ𣿿ôǸ꺰簡ѵǸӵĵܵܣ
ôܣةӶˣԸҪһӣĵܵܣղû֮ǰ֪˭
ոһĳĺҲǳĺ棬ߵˣ֪˭رȤһ
֪ĶӰԣĵܵܣǸո˵˰
ߵ˵Ȼ
ôĶӣޣôĵܵܣʶô꣬ĵҲʶô꣬ɴû˵ʲôܵܣҲû˵еĸӡ
һֱû˵Ļ˵ûǸԴͦԲ𣿡
ǰͦԲģôĺһš
Ļӻ˵ǻǵСϲЩԲĶϲԱǺ«ϲԲϲϲ̫
ĺ˻Ȼ򣺡Ϊ˳úԲϲ𣿡
ĻӲ˵ˡ
Ȼ뷨һµġ
ѽ֪ҾͶԵ㶫Լһˣ˵ܱˡ
ʲôӰԬʸɡ
ԬʳԱҲˣóȥʲôġ
ȥɣҲû¡
վ޷Ŀӡ
ֻҪǲǮˣһ޷
Ȼǲġ

С㣬ҵչǻܲﺮ׼޷͹Ҷˣʵǲ˼޷
ù緹Լ¶Ǹ⣬ЩΡ
ܿѾѾϴ޷ĺãĶ޷ȽֵǮҪǲͳȥֻĶ˵Ҳ̫á
ѾѾ˵õĴҲ֪Լ޷۸жߣЦЦû£޷ҼҿģȥǼͦõˣ׬ӡ
·ȻҵģҾ
ǽһμ棬ͦϲģ͸޷㣬Ҳ軨׷ˡ
ѾѾӹֻȥá
û᲻ڣȥԺ˵
ҲģֻǸӶѣԸ˵ʱҲôнֱӺѾѾ
С㡭ñѾѾĲŪЩ㶡
ѾѾˣ㲻ҽѵҴӦˡ
ѾѾգգ۾
Щ𾪣ΪģԭΪլӵݲ϶Ʋ˵ġ
û뵽

ѾѾĵԽ࣬ԽǰĻŮǣǾԽϲá
ҪǻŮϮһ졣
߰ɣ컹ݷˣȥ
ѾѾǰ棬Ӵ˵ƫȥ
æȥ
һ·϶Щ㱣ܾòǺʵ
ܼҸչȥæдˣӭѾѾ߹˵С㣬СȻ뿪ˣ˵ٵŰݷá
ѾѾšһӦ֪ˡ
ھǣǾͲˡ
øݷѾѾѾѾûȥдˡ
Ƕ߰ɡ
ѾѾתýȥ
ýΪ˸ıԼˣôͱ˿Ĺϵܲһ㣬õİ취һᡣ
ȻǺΪʲôҪʹϵһ¡
С㣬ȥ𣿡ܼҿѾѾƺûҪŵĴ㣬ѯһ
ѾѾֱҡͷȥ
ûžôˣҪ¶ˣЩ֪˭Ǿûˣ

ԬʹôҪؼˣɸһ
һһȻٵغѾѾ


499 һһ

Ԭʸմ̤լһֱĬѾѾڵһһȻü
죬İ˽ˣȥ
İˣ
ѾѾЩɻһİ˽һһʲôüġ
ǰһһ˵ģùܼȥ˽
֪ѾѾˣѾѾǣһ뿪լ
ԬڽֳõĻһ޻ǣּɽ髣ǲݮƻġ
ܼҴѾѾظѾѾҫķ֣˵ѾѾǹȻǾǣǸסСطһ⾩ɶǶûмĶˣ֮ǰóֺѵõĶﶼкܶء
ҳȥը⣬ɿ˿ȣ֣ţⶫ
㿴ﻹвݮݮģɺóˣŪɱǲݮ֮󣬱ƽʱԵǺ«ҪóԶˣԳԵƻһ޻ǻ
Ѿһˣ⴮Ǹˡ
Ԭѵô󷽵ذϵ޻ǵݹȥѾѾ
ѾѾӹ޻ǣһŵŸƶһ˲ڻ˿˿Ŀڸӿ
۾ͷζ
Ԭȷϣ涼˵Ķˣ
Ԭ˵ĶкܶóһƷҲһЩĵضڷƷġ
һһ˵ЩǸſʼռģЩ磬ǱȽȽһЩҲûĶ
ԬʾȻ˵
ѾѾţϵĶûͣ
ϵͳ̳Ҳ޻ǣرһģ˶ҪҪĻҲ٣ѾѾԼһ˿϶Բģ̫󣬾һֱûгԹ
û뵽ԭζôóԵġ
Ȼ޻ǵҪԭϾǰɰǣɽɰŪƶƵģڸоڳƶһֱӳ԰ɰǻкܴĲġ
ԬʵݸѾѾһǲݮԼһǲݮԡ
شİһЩӵĶҸˡ
ԬʳԵЩӶɿģ˵磬ѾѾҸ˵ģҵĺѡ
ָѾѾ˵Ҹ磬ɡ
磿
һ˲ѾѾע⵽ɣͬʱЩԼԬôĽ鶼Ǽٵġ
㾹Ȼи磿㾹Ȼôꣿ
ǣԬʿٵһŲݮ˵ǣ׸磬Ҹϵĸ磬ȻûѪԵϵǱ׸綼Ҫ׵ġ
ȥһȦ˸
ѾѾһŲݮҧȥˡ
ûʮ͡
һһżشߴѾѾ
ڲʮ;ǸİʣһһҲĻỳʲô
ҪǶĻ˵˸ԼйͬܣҲĻᱻ
ңϵͳһΣһһļѾָ˲١
ǵΨһϵͳʱһϵͳ߸
Ϊ˷ֹϵͳ̫Ժᱻ󶨵һЩĻϣϵͳʱ򣬾ѾˣҪӵһų֮ĵ˲ܳɹϵͳ
һ󶨣Ͳ£ĻϵͳǱ󶨵ˣԼģʽ
߶ᱻ
һһԣһ㶼ģѾѾܱһ֪֮ͬܵ󣬻ᷢΣա
ѾѾոԬ˵ЩʲôһһһҲиϵͳ𣿻ǴԽģ
ӦҲиϵͳ˵괩Խ飬ǲڵġ
Ȳû꣬ĴڣҪԽȻкܶ⡣
岨ϡ
һ˵̥֮ԡ
˼ǣһͶ̥겨ܺܺĲôͻһ¯
Ͷ̥̥꣬Ҳ̥尾ļҲᱻյġ괩Խֻڻ֮ϡ
ѾѾͷˣôǰͺпѾѾͬˡ
ѾѾһݮʵӵļʶƺͦģ֪ôǶûмĶ֪ǲҲ˵ʮأ
ԬʴɵѾѾԵ£ѾѾʲôǶʮͰôôöû˵
ѾѾһۣ˵ֲҸҪ˵
Ԭʣ
˵úܶԣȻԶˡ
ЩüζʮضѾѾһᣬ˵ͷ˵¸չҲͬˡ
һһЩ˷ܣڣҸ£ٸúġ
ѾѾܼң˵ȰԬʴȥòͣȥһ磬Ӧöˡ
ԬһҡͷҲ
û˵꣬ɿȻģĿҲĵģ˵ţ
ŶðɣĶˡ


500 ߸Ҫٻ

׸˵ˣҲ
ԬʸŹܼˣʣѾѾɡ
ѾѾܺãĸйҲû͵Ϳʼעеϡ
ڵԬʸܼ뿪ʱ䣬һһѾѾ˵߸ֵܽõ顣
Щ죺ҪҰ㼯߸ֵܽãȻٻ𣿡
СʱǿĻģڼ߿ȥٻŶλӡ̡
һһЩ̫ḻˣ߸ڵʵֻҪĿǰΪֹʮ֮䣬緢չ仯Ĳѡ
ʵǼԽռų֮ǰʮһƽ٣ⳡƽԽҲŻˣ֮ǰеļ֮ǰееĲһ
Щһһ֮ǰһֱûиѾѾ˵ѾѾЩܡ
ϵͳ˽⵽ĶʮǸõ磬Ǹʲôе磬Ǹ綼
һһǲŻģ
һȻţҪϵͳһֱ㹻ߵĵȼʱǲǾлԵʮȥһˣȥʶĸ¥ãȥĸɻһЩ߿ƼĶ
ֻȥֻϷӾ磬Щ˶ʵ
һһǵѾ𣿡
ѾѾʵʱЩ˿϶Ĵ𰸡
ֻ֪ڹ֮ǰͿѾһֿµɢѾкܶ˶ȾˣŻҲǳѡ
ѾѾЩʧءŶһЩһ
ԬʸܼҶԶˣɶѾѾһᣬıһģЩϷʣȻȻģǺʧĵӡ
ü
첻Ǽ˸ͦԲĵܵܣҲһһֵܻǽˡ
ĸأܵأǽã
Ժϵͳȫһϵͳúô֣ÿζֱӺһ֡
һϵͳŭ𣺡ҶŶȫҶ
תƻ⣬ء
ɷǳһϵͳŭ𣬲һ´˻
һԼҺֻһεϵͳȻͱˣЩε˵֪Լ
Ƕϵͳȴ޷ֱӹֻͨͨȥǴѡ
Ƣ̫ˣҺңҪǻ˸ˣ޷ˡ
ҡͷ̾
һҷģҪʵ壬϶ݺݵؽѵɵġ
ϺҪƢǶˡ
ɲٶһѾѾȿڣչҪϵͳɣ
˵ʱɵƾճһǣǣŵԼ棬ŰǣŶȣִӷϵģЦЦؿѾѾ
ѾѾӶԶʮ͵˸лع
ɳŵİǣпŵİװֽʲôȷˡ
һһͬ⣬ֱӿڣϰ󶨵ϵͳһһҽһһأ
ɵͷԭǵܵܰһˡ
߸ϵͳСǰִС˳ȥģǵ
һϵͳǵϴ
һһϵͳģ߸֮еߡ
ʲôʱʶģǴӳʼ͸һһһˡ
ǶһϵͳѾѾԼĳƺҪˡ
һˣھȻܵܵҲҪˡ
ҶԸϵͳһ硣
˵
ɸɴܾشѾѾ⣺ҲǸճ͸һ飬̫ˣҶԸ档
Ҫ̫ţԸѣҪ㾭öиϵͳˡ
ѾѾ𾪣ͱҵĴܶడô˵һһһԽ𣿿һһ˵ǼҪʱߵİ
ɶһ֪ñѾѾһЩӦʵһģֻѵʱ䲻һ˵ڴռʱ򣬿ܻˣڴԽ֮󣬻ҪһʱȥϢ
ԭ
ѾѾȻ
ǿ϶Ϊһһ̫ˣԳ˯ʱ̫ˡ
һһ
ǲǿģ˵Ļĺ
֪֪ϵͳϢ
յһһϢѾѾʣ֪ϵͳϢ𣿡
ɰѰóϣαϣӦ֪
Ϊ֪һһҹ𣿡
ɻһȣǣǸҵܻܵġ
ѾѾȻͲһһˣתеԬʡ


501 ǻϵ³

Ԭôͱܵˣ
һһҲԬʶ˺ܶ꣬ҲеģԼҲ˲ˣȫעصɵĻش
ɼŰǣ˵
ѾѾ
ԬӦû֪ԼΪɵܵܵԭҲ֪ġ
ɸԬʵ³ѾѾѾѾѾûʲô԰Եˣּ˵һһж顣
ȻôϵͳˣΪʲô֮ǰҲûʲôʮйصĶأҲûпӽˮѵϵͳûôֲӽˮȻʳĲ𣿡
ɱ꣬ǰҲһˣھǵģӦʲô鶼ӷǰ
ǵǰҲǣҲûʲôĶ
ȻӦţΪ
ѾѾ
ѾѾȻǵһμ棬ΪҶӵϵͳĹϵǺܿ
֮ѾѾҲ֤˵Ļ
ͦġ
ҪһЩǸʲôνͦϵһˡ
ϵѾѾԬǲΨһȤĶ

ƺҲͦеģլ֮Ųˣָլȥ˼ţų
׼ţŵʱ򣬹ֽܼ
С㣬ˡ
ӣ
ѾѾЩ⣬ʣʲô
ݷܸԼҸɣϾ˵סլӺͦ˲𣬾ڻʹԱߡ
ɵҲ²Ӧͦ˲ģϾָСµˡ
˲ѵܱȻӻ˲
ȻӶҪƨ
ܼҲ֪ʲôġ
ѾѾֻùܼҰӸ
ϣϲ֪ʲôʱֶһǣһԬʣϷʵؿѾѾ㻹ͦģطǼһҲݷˡ
طӵ֡
ѾѾһ±ƣ֪ʲôġ
ܼҺܿӸ˽
֮ǰѾѾ飬øʶô谮ģѾѾӦþǸʵ³ˡ
ȻˣͶ󣬶ϲƯġ
û뵽ƯƯ;ȻôСô˵ǰʱ͸СˣʾȻôСĹˣ
ѵǸʵ³裬Ǹʵ˽Ů
ܣԼַˡ
Ҫ˽Ůˣֺαػꡣ
Կ϶˽ŮӦþ»ǰСﻹ̫Сôսʹᱻٹٵôꡣ
һͳѾѾչã֪չˣӦЩ͹ݷõģû뵽ʱ̫࣬ˣϵڲʱչ¡
ԭĸȲҪֱӹݷãȥʸʲôܹæģٴŰæ
û뵽ʽһֱæµĸûҵʱȥʸʡ
Щżȹˡ
ŮڸĿжȻǼܳģܱɹзֻҪֺպڸǰ˵û
һĻλˡ
ѾѾЩ£ӣһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲô
һһѵĻӵλһûҪûôôҪݷãҲӦȥݷӰɣôͱӹݷأ
һһ
Ȼ֪ԭ򣬿˵
ܼҲ֪ԭģΪǻεˣϸ̫ʱҲûʲôܻ䡣
ûлϵĿͣҲʲô˵
ôԴѾѾһĽ
ѾѾûеõش룬˼˵û£ڹҲˣǲĻһţŰɣӸս̸ϵ˼ţš
˴µԭѾѾӡ
ӹΪ˸ѾѾ򽻵ģûоܾɣ
Ҳڵʱһ˿ҡ
ɶʹϵˣɼǰСĺܲһ㣬Һˡ
ϲţϽʲô֭кڽ֭з֭Ģ֭
ĿˣѾѾҲд
֭ҲṩĲϸ䷽ġ
һһ˵ӶһĻǲǱҵıˣȻôô󷽣
ͬӵϵͳˣѾѾԼ᲻öһЩ
һһЦһֻ̫˶ѡ
ѾѾղ˵ˣҲǸǳĿռ䣬ѾǸиϵͳҲ޿ûû˰ˡ
ѾѾֱѾѾĻش𣺡ˣˣˣҲ֪
һһЩҰɡ
ӳţţѾѾԥһᣬ˵չʵа취Ͻһұ֤û˸ҷǵġ


502 ԸҺ

ӳţţѾѾԥһᣬ˵չʵа취Ͻһұ֤û˸ҷǵġ
ѾѾ
˺һᣬһԼʵΪʲôҪһ𣿡
ϳʲô֪أһ˵ͶһˣôĶӣֲǸԼʲôޣΪʲôҪһ
ӿһֵ̧ۣԼѾѾһʲô˵ģһ㱣ܵġ
ѾѾһؿӡ
ʲôûʲô֪飬Ҫʲô
˹ţţü΢̧ϷʵؿѾѾû뵽ϻĹϵԺǻýһˣ˵ǻʺˡ
ѾѾǺݺݵس鴤š
ԲһĻòһͺܴվһĻ棬ȻϵʱҪǸʹöԵڴϴܡ
˼Ƥ
ô̫ˡ
ҡͷң϶ûء
Ŷ
ƽصͷţš
Ԭʴţųھһֱڸţŷս˵ĻһϵûС
͸һֶûһ
ΨЩ죺ûʣôܣ
ǸʵլӣҪûмʣôסլ
ʵʵҲʲôˣҶ֪ˣȻԼ룬ôôݷ㡣
ҲҪò˼ʲôģȻһЩҵĸǿǾģˡ
µŮֻҪл˭һ𰡣ӱҸʳŵģ֪Ľء
ҲҪΪڸʳ谮㣬ĵλˣ㻹Ǹûʲôݵλûбˣ̫С϶ǱȲŮ˵ģҪܸҺҿԱںаǣһֱõʢ衣
˵棬ѾѾ¶ʾõЦݡ
ѾѾ
²ǸɵӣǸ˻ɵӡ
˵˭֪٩٩̸
ѵӵĶϲԼã׳ݵС
̫䣬㷿˿ů¯ţŻúܿ졣
ţһڸоͻۿۣɳһͷµ档
Ƶؿӣ˵˵˰ɣ˵Ϳˡ
ȻɢģĵģǶʲôһ
ȴûɵضһ£æվѽˣһҪæ
˶ܿЩˡ
ѾѾЩ죬ȵ֮󣬾ɣʲôݣ
ҵࡣ
ɻشҲʵ
ֻĶӿ϶ǲһӾµġ
ѾѾɣ뵽һһ뵽һһǸ磬Ȼˡ
ϵͳ϶ϵͳ˲顣
ЩӼɵԭ
Ǵ죬ѾѾ;ھ˶ۣÿ춼Ÿ顣
ãҪȥˡ
ѾѾɶûٳţţţŶʣ
ԬʰԼţųˣֻҪԣҲںǲˣѾѾɵţŰԼ˵Ӧö˰ɣҾͰǳˡ
˵á
ѾѾԬһۣ˵ͻ뿪ǻشˣŵĵַҰɣҵˣҾ͸дš
Ҫҵһһֵܽþ͸㣬ҵˣҲдŸҡ
ſϣԬʳԶбѾѾһۣڣá
ѾѾ֣ΪʲôãѵǾֻһ棬Ժ󶼲𣿡
ȻΪʲôС
סôԶҪǻдţַûУԺҪϵͳϢˣҪô߶Է
̧һͷ˷򣬼ſţӦǣҵ˼Ҹһȥ

ѾѾԬʶЩ𾪣ͣ˳ԶĶʣ磬ҪһȥҪҲһҸ¥һĵ̫ˣԭЩҪǻϣԺͳԲЩóԵĶˡ
ɸѾѾ˵ʱϵı鶼ġ
ǵתͷԬ˵ʱϲԾȾЩЦݡ
ĻǾͿɡ
Ԭ˲佾ؿѾѾѾѾ㿴ɣ׸ãļ綼öˣĴӦϿһҾ¥ˣȵˣ֪жٺóԵĶˡ
ѾѾĵضɸԬʿԽԽɿԬʵС忴Ǽ
Ԭ˹ʺˡ
һϲɵӵˡ
ѾѾû˵ǣã׸磬ȫõĸ硣


503 ĸ

ϸֹ̫ˡ
֪ѾѾҪ뿪ǣ̫ѾѾһѶ
ǰĹӣбĹҽĶ
һЩرһгģ͡
г˵ǰľǱģֻģͣԭ͵ĻϾ͸һ߶ģٶȻͦ죬ⶫͦ󣬶һ󣬲͹Ȼ档
ֶ⸱ϹͷҲ治˵ˡ
̫ѾѾ϶ϲⶫģеϧ
ѾѾǵϵͳг֮ǰû⣬һһгͼֽ𣿡
̫˵ˣг͸һٶȻܿ죬ܽгӦһشĹˣͿԵõٵĻ֡
һһӦгͼֽ𳵣ɻͼֽЩͼֽҪûֶһҪĻֻ١
ɻЩƾļ첻ˣϻ
гӦûģһЩҲ϶ġ
ǻҲˣһͼֽҪһ֡
гǱȽϴ͵ĶҲڱȽִĲˣ֮;ܹ㣬ΪϰմܶҪĻ־Ҫ಻١
ѾѾЩˣϵͳṆ̀һͼֽô
һ֣׬һ֡
̫󿴵ѾѾ˵ΪΪòгʧͰοѾѾҲþʧȵľˣǣܸܲŪһгʱ͹ȥ档
ѾѾعгģͣЦ̣ҿԿģȥһгˣҾȥòã
úúãǺúӡ
̫˲䱻ѾѾĻϵƶЦһˡ
Ҳں⻰ܲʵ֡
ѾѾǵڶʱ磬Ҫ糯Ͳܹ̫ҲҪŸӹ밲Ҳ뿪ʹ̫ɽ֮ػ˻ʹ

죬ʣһЩƶˣҲҪôҾ
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˭֪أ˵ˣϱĸͲʲôˣ֮ǰ;۸ϱţ˵֮ǰϱ֮ʶѾѾǣΪĸҪˣˣ·ӽѾѾǵġ
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˭Ҫ̯ݣǵ˰˱ùˡ
Ĵĸϣϵӣİ˵춼ǸѾͷӦѾķʡҪ˰ɣ
ԼĴӣЦΣ춼ռҵѾˣȵգʲô϶Ҳע⵽ġ
ĸͷǼ˶ˣ϶֪ʲôȵѾͷ죬ǾͳҶ֣ȵ֮ǾһʳˣʱҲԻٵˡ
¶Լ׷˸ۣҪҲȥ˵˰¹Ǳ߶Ů˵ϵģҲкܶŮԵĹԱ
ȨֻԼȨƣһʱᱬĻ
ֻﻹЩʹ죬ƾʲôѾͷȻôá
ȴֻһͨĴó
ⶼĵºݺݵصһԼס
ռңٽͲȥʳ¥ˣÿʹլ档
СʮȥѧãСһ̫СʮһҲ˸棬ÿǣŰִȥɢ
Сùߵʱ˵ˣÿ춼Ҫ˶˶ʱòŻ˳ġ
Сû˵ˣÿҪˣ⼸ﶼܸٴˣĻ˵õģѾˣͷҲܴܡ
ǸˣôãԸ޸ס
ףģҳˣҾͰѵÿ춼ظүүѧ书Ժ϶ҵĶֵġ
һ·ûʲôˣȻʮһϾϵߴûһôɵĶӣôӵĶӡ
˵Ǵʲôģñĸ˰
ףŽ컹Ҳϲÿǵ񶼹ֵֹġ


504 ʮһɱ

뵽ԼĴĸãšüģ֪ôشֻʮһԴ
ȻɫˣǺһһ顣
ſʮһŶӶ˵ϡ
죬죬ȥ˵ҪҪˡ
ʮһɫɷףŵô󺰣ҪˣҪˡ
ǻռҵԺ棬кܶˣռҵĺܶ˶ڼҡ
ʮһæҵ˹
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ȥ庰
Ҹȥϸǵ˵¡
Ĵĸ߽ʱ򣬾Ϳռҵ˼תӣжˮģŸɾİ޲ģܽȥġ
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ǻʲôϽȥŰ̫ˣͲˡ
ĴĸŰ³ŰԺȥ
ǶæµǶʮһʮһֻſڴ⣬˸
ȥѧͷʱ򣬱СʮСʮ֪ԼҪˣӲҪӵĿΣͷһ
ǶûעԺһᣬʮһſڴ⣬߹ȥʮһļͷι⿴ʲôأ
ڿʲôʱ㣬˵˳Ҹտʹһ
Сʮƶ˵ţ⻹𣿿϶ܵİҿǰͷүүҲˣҵ˵ͷүүҽˣҳʱҸ嶼д˵һһˣͷүүˣҸﶼȹˣ㿴Ҹڶཡ
˵ҴСͺģ纮ûù
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ʮһصͷţŽ˵ĻСù˵Ҵ˵Ļ϶ǶԵġ
СʮظͣûҺܴ˵Ļ϶ǶԵġ
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ϴҲˣο壺壬ȱ𼱣ͷڣ϶ûµģøСֶŮƽƽġ
СʮʮһĿ˵ãռҵҲðľǹŮˡ
ţȥˣʡÿ۶ˡ
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ĴĸϸߵվȺϣҵעڷ棬ǹˣҲûȥǡ
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ﱧ˺ӡ
Ҫι֮ǰҪϴһ裬Ѵ̥Ѫˮϴϸˬů·С
ռҵڶЩµģһﻹһӸסˣ벻顣
Ҳû뵽Ҫɸ˸ȥϾҶΪ˸ȥġ
ѾѾҲǵģǴӦһͿϱﲻֹһӵİɣô˵أһûС
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ʮһСʮڴ͵һԼҪҲЩȡ
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㲮ʲô
СʮʮһСĵظϸ档
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СʮʮһʱһѾˣӴﲱӺ棬һڵϡ
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505 һ

ֻҪǸһѧϰ书ռ϶ذףʮһҲеġ
ذף׷ϣǰ
ſã
һ֪Լˣһ׷ֻӣ˲Ͳˣ˵ϣΪ˭˰ԭСҰְ
ʮһ˲ȥϳܣŭؿϣſã
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Сʮߵվʮһߡ
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ذײҶʮһȻͺۣ˵һΣûҡ
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ʹʲô˵˳
˵Ķ͵ݡ
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ϴϱ϶ϱҲ˵˵


506 ϳ

磬̣ܿ͵ˡ
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ƴ֣ҲǼݻ˺üƽĹΣĿܶûƽġ
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ɵѽѾѾʲôݣʶͨ˵𣿲ǲ֪˭˵᲻Ǿǹģҿ˵ˣǵ˶رǮġ
㻹˵ǾǹģѾѾǲ˵ȥ𣿿ܾھʶѡ
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ѾѾƵ̫ˣѾϰߣһᣬ֮Ǹʲôʲô
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511 

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513 

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516 ô

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ⰢܽػǵʱүֵģҲ֪үǱ˭ƭˣү£Ҳ֪ǲԼҲ͵˰ܽء
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û뵽ദȻЩ䣬̫˵
ҪѾѾһֶ˵
ѾѾǸյӵʱѾˣڻڴùȥأ̫ɽˡ
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Ǯһ仰û˵
̧ͷ˿ɫ֮󣬻ֱӰѾѾǴӱߣǵվһ飬ʲô˼ѾԶˡ
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ѾѾΪȥˣҪȥˣӶˣ͸


520 Ҫ

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ѾѾлһսҪΤ橵汻ŹĴս
ĵǵУǮְֻǮЩε˵ܲܲҪÿһ㣬͸һҺûҪѵļġ
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ʮһ꣬꣬ʼ꣬Ϊû˫̥Ҳû̥ĹϵȽйоأֻӡ
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521 ȲҪ

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ٷѾѾȥƫţһ˲
ѾѾҲĨˣֱӾͿٷ磺ιҪѯ칫ӹڰܽص飬żʯĴǰֲܽصģ֪칫֪֪ܽʲô
칫֪֪ҸʱΪҪôֲôİܽأֲİܽδأ
ѾѾʻʱ۾һֱעٷ硣
ٷֵܽʱЩ죬΢㶣ʶؿһΤ橣ϾջĿ⡣
ϵıҲָǳЦݣӦҸȷʵôֲܽأǻᣬף㲻֪ܽΪʱʹҸҸҲ֪
ǡʮףҸ岻ʣҽϡ
ֻǴҵĴС񣬱Щġ
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522 ãұ֤

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523 ϲ

ǮֻڿһȺԾԾԣȥƷʲôζĴҲûע⵽Τ橵ı顣
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ʱɫһӱ̼ܲҶӦˮ㵹
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⧲Ľ꣬һҪǲȥܱ꣬ܿܵʪյġ
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ǻҡ
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ֻǣȻ̲סһЩҪΤץ˵һٵ뷨
ΤŸԸԶ·ؼңҲԸһ꣬ȻΪС̫򣬲Ҹôһڲֿġ
ҲжԶܵؼң϶ܵʪյġ
˱ͲˣһȾϷ纮Ǿͻø
ôģ̫أǷȥ׷Τˡ
ÿ죬ߵҲ죬һ̫֮ͣҲ硣
ζ
ͣˣҲˡ
ʱע⵽Ǯǰŵϣ佱Ǽ֪ܵʱһ鱧ȻôһˮܻˣǿɾͿϧˡ
峤Ǯֵ֣ȺмϵϣʵһأҲ𣿡
Ǯҡҡͷ
ûôأҰһˣôܻ
һʮϾʮټ״ԭһǿ϶ðġ
峤ǮֵĻһأǻ棬Ҳ˰ˡ
Ǯָ˵Τ橰ˣĳЩޱҡͷô֪ҰϾͽˣĻпȥעǸϣǣֻԼӣҲûȥǸϡ
峤ҲЩΣµ̫һӾˣˣڳȥǲǱʲô˰˰ɡ
ոɹȳô࣬ҲˣӦûġ
뵽ȥһȦֻ֮󣬾Ȼûһ֪ʣµǸ
ؼұĴҲˣ׷˵ԼûǸϡ
ˣôϣҪû˶ʧˣ
ֻʣһˣôôţ
չӺòŪƷϣզͰϸŪأ
Ǿ֣ѾѾҲЩ֡
ɸղҲһȥˣûע⵽Ǳ˭ˡ
ڴӼĴֶϲԼõġ
ǸոձĲֿſڸոշ̨֮仹һľˡ
Ǹľƽʱõģ¼˭˶ʳ˭ɹȳɹ˶ʳºûֲʳˣľȻûв
ڲֿſҲų̂߷ʲô顣


524 ʶ

ӣ˵᲻֮˰͵ˣȻ󻹲أ
㳶ѾѾӣСѯʡ
ѾѾףǿ϶ģϲԵ޹ʵʧڵǲ֪˭
Уһ˶ڵųϣôԼϸأ
ӣЩʶ
ĻѾѾŷӦȷʵЩʶˡ
ǲû죬ѾʶüƵ顣
翾Ұ䵽ĳϣžҲزˡ
ĳţ֮Ҳûˡ
ϡ
ѾѾվ̨ϣسȺпһۣǮǺΤվһģǮһϽ
Τأ
ӣ˵ϻ᲻Τߵģ
ѾѾվĵطȺȽԶ˵ĻҲõĻᱻ
ѾѾһᣬûлش⡣
û֤֮ǰ˭Ҳûʸ˵Ļ
ǮְصǸϷŻصϣžתѾѾ߾
ߵЩҲûע⵽·ѾѾ·ײһ¡
ߵѾѾĵطͣ
𣺡ôֹˣ
ѾѾȻ֮ĸ˵ĽŲ
תͷȥȻΤ橾վ󣬻ǸϤģͷ·˵¡
ҡҡҡ
ոջڲ²ǲΤ橰˵ˣʱʲôˡ
һ̬һ¶һĿס
룬ĻҲһġ
ȻΤ橵Ļ𣺡ҡҡҸոձȥ꣬ǲֿ̫࣬Һ£ȱؼȥˣɡǡҼ˿Ͼ͡ǾͰϳˣƤŹ
ҲģҪô죿
ֻһΣѾѾĻΤ˵ĻǹôģǲӼ죬Ѿǵη
εҪȫ˳Եģٶ˵ĺӣֻҪ˵ģʲôģͲļ˻ܳԵ¿ڡ
ѾѾ˫ֻأſǮֻôѵ
Ͼ֮ǰÿһǮֶװͰͣ޲Ҫһٵӡ
ǮȾһЩŭźܿͱһθϡ
˵ţ´кóԵĶûؼˡ
ǣ֪ˡ
ΤƺΪȾ˿ǻӦΨΨŵŵġ
ǮֵޣҲܱôġ
˵⻰תѾѾ׺ݵ˵ߵģһḺҪôﶼԣǲΪ
ѾѾһ仰Ӣѹ˹ء
ǲ֪أֻ
ֻһϣʵҲǺ⣬ĵؿΤһۣӦðȻԸ⸺⼸ȥߵʱ򣬾ͶҪЦеظ˵Ҫ̬ȺЩˡ
ôһֱųĲǺϲ챻һźء
Ǯԥһ˲鲻ԸسһĨȿ޻ҪѿЦ
ѾѾ
Щڸղ˵Ļˡ
ǮָΤ֮󣬶ü̫ѾѾӣǸôĲ׷𣿾Ҳðôģöܰ
ѾѾܲܰѺ仰ջȥ
ô˵ģǶôӷ
ѵҪӵ
㣺
ͷѾѣʵ˵
ѾѾȷʵ۵ģֻҪõĻΪֹ棬Ͳûȥôˡ
鲻Ҫ˵ȥ
ѾѾǮָΤ뿪ķζʮع˹ǡ
ȻֻһϣϹֻҪе㹻СͿԱ֤ÿ˶ܳԵ
ѾѾûгգκθصĶûУ絶
ͽ˴峤ˡ
峤˽Ͼȵطֳٶ飬Ȼôȥãÿٶֵܷһ飬һЩ˸СǿԶֵһ顣
ڣ֭ĿڸڿǻŷҶ̲ס˾̾
Ҳ̫ó˰ɣⱲӶûгԵôóԵĹϡ
ҪֳҪȥԼܳ꣬Ҳ̫óˣǶóԡ

ҳϵķӦѾѾ֪ԼĿĴﵽˣת뿪ɹȳ
Ҳش峤ңѾѾŶڴһᣬ֪Τ橵ļ𣿡
ͬǵһʯ壬ΪڴɩӴˣϲԵİãӣֻҪѾѾҪȥʲôͻԡ
ҲںԼкӵװ磬ȥԻ᲻
ΪˣԴ飬ѾѾҪܶࡣ
˵Τ橵ļңǿǴһ˼ˡ


525 ԭ

˵Τ橵ļңǿǴһ˼ˡ
ǿƾһ֮Ϊӹ֮һ˿ڵġ
Ϊ̫סˣֻܶһˣΤһʮˣ˺üʮͥ
ȥԵʱȻҲ˵Τҵ顣
ΤҲԶԶվΤ濴
ѾѾֱӴѾѾȥΤҡ
ΤҵķӱΧ˼ҶҪһȦȻûķӣΤҲʮģǼҵķӾͶΧһΧɵԺ档
Ժ棬üʮСȥŻЦ
Τ橱ǲֵģŻƫݣӪӡ
ϾΤҪôˣѾѾģҪú֣ǰŲ
ֻǣվΤҵԺ棬ԺڱܵСѾѾĵһӦǲ
κʮֶֶŮܵãӦôԺ档
Ժʮʮӣ·ϴ˲ٵĲ·ϿŲãǱȴüãðװҲΪ
Ƕ͸һֽİװ֣Ȼúܹİ֡
۴ĸǶѾѾѽǸÿ춼ԲĿ
СʱѾѾ֮ǰҲʶ˵ģԼ˺ܳʱĿӣ֪ӦôĲŶԣټϵ֮󣬿ĺӶƼݵ֡
Τҵȫһġ
ɻֱˣӣΤҵʵһ㶼ɣ
ãΤҵ˿ܾ͸ѾѾƽʱ˵п
ȻôܽôӶôãе㸻̬
ѾѾͷǽȥ
ѾѾ˴֮Ǹҷ⣬ǽ̴ϵģ˶ܻӭѾѾͣΤҵҲ⡣
ΤҵСȥ֮ΤҵλƼҵ쵼ΤүӸΤϷ˾ͳӭѾѾ
ѾѾ֪У˼ҵӦ̬ӣˣҲ͸һƶϢƶǮ˼Ҷ༸
ȻΤүӸΤϷ˳ʱȴȫӡ
˿ҲʮӣһƶûУƤеڣþȻҲͦõġ
ȻƽʱԵúܲ
ѾѾԼ뷨һһȡһһ֪ѾѾʲôЩһ䣺ӣܸһЩ顣
иͲ˵ĵﶼһôġ
Τ橵ĴҲŶʮ꣬ʱʮʮܳ׵ģĵӦҲʮѣ㿴ǵġ
ˡ
ѾѾʱͦͦġ
ڵ׸
˭Լĵôˣʶؾñ˵ĵҲôϵˡ
û⣬ǵ̬ʣòЩ
һһԼֹš
ǵմԽʱ͸ѾѾǴӵĴ񣬶Ǳʵ俴Ҫϵģ˼ûûѣÿ첻͵ŶԵ㶫ˣܹúһЩ⡣
Ĵ˶Ǳһٶһ٣ƼݣȧͻϹͷҪͻЩͱصѹñˡ
Τҵȴһ㶼ˡ
Τ橵׺ܿ͸ѾѾ˲Ĳ裬˲ҶģˮĲ裬ĲҶǲҶĩݿ֮һܺÿĲҶ
ѾѾԼѾǮˣȻҶҪԼĻһЩҶĩѡ
Ǽܹ֮ȵҶȫƾ͵ġ
ΤҵЩҶ
ѾѾӺһڣǳʵ̾ò裡ò裡Τү֪ЩҶأҲȥһ㡣
Τ橵ĵЦʲôүأͽΤˣǼҵЩҶǿɲģ橵͸ǵģҲ֪ģҪչҪĻҾȥѣ㿴ô
Τ橵͵ģ
Τ橾Ȼôѣ
Ҷ֮ǰȹģϵҺȵģȥ죬ǻ˼ڲ衣
Ŷ
һһ֮ѾѾԼĺȹ裬ңֻΪǰȹĲ̫ͨûϡ
ڶٸв졣
˵Τ橵Ѿҵˣ
ΤԸ˻ܹʶǮѣ
˻ҵˣ
˵Τ橣Τ橵ĵһ⣬Ǽܸɣƽʱڿ첻˵ʶѶôһ㣬ô
橵ѵǼ̫ӣ橻᲻˼;橸ͳԵģȫһӵ˲ܳôװֵġ
ѾѾȻ򣬹ֲһӶװ֣ΨκƼݡ
ԭ˶ڳԶġ


526 һС

ּ˽֣ҶݵĸоŻͦƵġ
ǸаΤ橼˵Ҳ֪ǲΤ橵ѡ
˵Ҳ֪ҪҪ˵͹ĶܾǲӦ÷һЩ橣橵ǸѶˣͲڵĶҲΪѡ
ΤɫĺΪѡ
ǺΪô飬ÿ춼ԺõĺȺõģָܷǶԲ橡
Τĺֺܾᡣ
ⶫǲҲǣҲܾ˷˰ɣֻôҳˡ
Τ͸峤һ峤˵ҵûûˣΤ˵Τ橵ûûˡ
ѾѾɿĻΤ壬һ飬Ҿˡ
Τ֪Ķ֪ˣ飬ôΤӦҲʲʲô
վŶֱ뿪Τҡ
ռҴ塣
ѾѾ뿪˼죬һӾͱ˺ܶࡣ
ϵķ䡣
ΪѾѾҶźӾۼķ档
ϱʮ˶Ͱߣ̾˿ſʼ·
ϱСһһۣҡͷСһȥʮСһӵʱҲ£ʲôҪһ¡
һʮ˦ϵ֣Ҫʮ
ŵæץס֣óѣյһ£ѵСù֪СùʹҪСùõģиСҲܴܡ
˵ţ̧Щθε˵⺢Ҳ֪˭СĺҪһ£ڶǺܸȥСˡ
ľͷ˻ӣҲûüͷϱҳ޵ǸҶ˼ˡ
ǸڴϱСŮ
ʮСһԶһ㣬ЦЦСһǺõˣʮһСʱǲŽƤأϲСĺӣͱĶŹǴξСʮˣǿȥѾѾæ
һĺĿ¡
ϸ˵ҲԼĺСʱҲӡ
׷׻
һӱˡ
Ӷɳ֮Ҳ֮ǰ˺ӣȻûԻż˵ĻŵʶԼĶӣֵ˵ҶԺòҲôϲܵİɣ
һʱǶû˸Ҹˣ
СϷʵЦɲǣǸͣ˵ڰء
̧ͷѵһ䣺˵ʲôأôԼĺӣʲôڵġ
ĻԺɲ˵ˣСǻǳġ
ӶǵһλϺӣʲô֪ϵĻæŶӣ׸ŶǿЦİҶϲأôҶϲˡ
ӶĻЦЦ
ϱڰæʮʮӶͷԼĶӵ˵֣ӶؽС
˿Цݡ
Ӷæĵְʮ˹
ѽʮҪʮǹ԰ǸԱأǸƯĹԱء
˵ҶĻ᲻Ҳ˫̥أ
һ̥ӶĽˡ
ԴӰ˺֮ռҵ˾ȥʹѾѾͷܲܿеʱ򻳵һǼ
ͷ˵ˣеĵʵͿԿġ
ʱжѾѾġ
ѾѾʵѾѳˣҰӣֻû˵ѡ
뵽ֺֺЦһֱͦѾѾĻ̥ûá
ӶЦݣ֪Ļ¸㿴һ¾ˡ
š
Ӷصͷ
ӵĻһĿˣҾ˺ܶࡣ
ҲЩѾѾСʱ顣
ѾѾǺһʱͦɵĺˣȥˣȥչ˼ͱҪһЩֶӡ
ǿɲǻһѾѾ˵ԼǹùãǳҪչ˺ãֶʲôģСǸʡµĺӡ
ҪȥѧõˣҲȥҲǵѧҪѾѾǸޣĻ˵״Ԫܿˡ
ҲǣÿһѾѾɿˣѾѾǵСްء
ϱ˵š
ϺȻ̾˿ǵѾѾˣѾѾڼңǵĵָöء
Ҳûţ˵һ˴ŵʱ򻹻ˣǰѾѾһͼöҪˡ
ԼϵĹ޵ģ̲סЦˡ
ڵպܺá
ʱ
չүʳ̶ż˹ţˣˣˡ


527 

չүʳ̶ż˹ţˣˣˣүˡ
үӵĻڵļŮŵ͵վ
ϣߵ϶˲ϣ¿Ьӣͳȥţô£˵һЩүʲôˣ
̶ǴϿӱ޵ظϻģصլ֮ƴȫܹ
ڶЩġ
˵үϳ£ɽׯץˡ
ʲô
һ˫һգԱߵȥ
ɽׯ³ֵһ죬˶֪
Ҳ˵ɽׯһɱ˲գ۵ĵطǾȻͷӸץˣ
ŵһ˹ȥ
̶ʱס
үӱץߣռҵĴ£ϴ嶼ˣɵʮһҲˣҲˡ
ô£ɽׯĵôҸץˣҸǵģصһ֣ô˸ץ̶ǲǸˣ
ǾЩ̫ʵүıɽׯץˡ
ϴҲ̫ţ̶ǰ̶òŪ˰ɣôᱻɽׯץˣɽׯ˾ҲҸ͢Բǰɣ
̶˵ô£ö˶˵ģɽׯôҵץأ
϶ҲЩˡ
ȫڵ̶Ľ͡
ɵҲڵš
ֻСʮʮһСһǼͻСǺ׷ʲô顣
ѵÿô룬СĶܸˣڱЩ
ϿһۣҲûȥֹǡ
ڴҪæҲ˲ǡ
̶ˣһ˵ǰһ˵ζ¥ȥ£үȥץǻ˻
ץֲ֮鵽ǻ˸֮ǰ̵ʧ԰йأЩΣѺηڡ
κ̽ӣ˭֪ǻ˾Ȼɽׯˣɽׯĸׯүԩǵˣŭ֮£үץˡ
ɽׯãŽȥ˶ǺŽųģҵүȥ֮ᡭϹ֪ͨˡ
̶Ļ˵꣬ҵɫѿ
ɽׯǽģǴ֮տʼһŷɥĴڣĶɱԽ
ռҵﶼЩ
϶̶Ļȷԣɽׯû˵ҪôſϰѵųǴӦηǻɽׯ˷ųأܾܲʹգ
ǰ̶ǰѵץߵʱ򣬶˵ЩʲôǲֻҪǰǵ˷˾ˣ
ϴ󼱵Щ죬һֱػص߶
̶ҡҡͷûУû˵κλүЩѾ߹еĳҲ˵Ҫ˾ܷ˵ģҪǣҪҳ֤ݲС
е֤ݶָЩģ̵ĶҲ˵ˣܷŹǡ
ⷨӿǲеˡ
ϴ϶Լռҵ˶Щʧżˡ
ôˣ
϶ϣͻȻʵ
ӦѾѹˣЩˣⲻֻǵ黹ǲܸ˵̫࣬Ȼҵֻܲ˴̼Щʲô顣
ţʱҪٸˣҪ˵ܿͻ˾С
үӱץռҾ϶˵ˡ
ǵô죿
ɽׯɱ˲ѪģٲѵȻµ¡
ȥ⹫ӣ⹫Ӽʶ㣬Ӧ֪ôģʱҿܲɽׯȥǵĸׯһģҪԸ⣬Ըɽׯ
϶Ŀǰ뵽õķӡ
ռҵҲ벻õķӳˣֻȵ϶Ľ
һ˵ҪԸ˴ɽׯҲȥġ
СʮʮһϷ壬߹˵ҪȥǸʲôɽׯǺΣյΪʲôүүһȥүү书ˣ˵ˣԼҲһɽׯ
ҪǸһȥĻǾͲúˣҾɽׯӦöһġ
ͬСʮ˵ĻҾСʮ˵öԣ书ôãſ϶ûµġ
ô˵ûҲڴﰡ϶ڼֵ֮Уֹϵõģ֪ѾѾ뿪ҵĵڶҲ뿪ˡ

֣ĳɽׯɽȪڣȪż
ׯߣʵׯôʱ˵ҪæŰµ𣿡
Ȫȵˮȫ۾
Ȫرߣ˵żˣɽׯûʲô鷢


528 ȥ

ׯǰһ㶼û˵ݵƣˣЩ΢ù֡
Ļϻش𣺡ûʲô£˲ǺôԩɽׯˣѾѵˡ
Ŷ
ɽׯֻǾԼ̫ˣҪҸƶѣɽׯڵ飬ܾܲͲܵġ
Ȼׯ˵˲ʲô£ҲͲˡ
ɽׯ˸Ȫɽׯڹʵ۰
Ųɽ
ׯ˵żôô뿪ˣ
ׯ׷
ڽˡ
ôһѧõʦҪ뿪ʱ̫ѧÿҪ군ģѧҪˡ
ѧɶ˵ˣǶǳȥѧá
ևNɪײϵĲɽش塣
үӱɽׯץѾȥ졣
ʱ棬ͷϿһЩҩϴʱ䶼˯
ռҵȴ˯ţ˼ٲµСµģøʲô͸ʲô⣬Ƕǵǵ춼ûô˯ˡ
ռ˶Ǿήңɫ԰ף˫Ŀͨؾݴ
϶öͷϱ˺üŶ˵춼⹫ȥɽׯˣֻɽׯ˲Ըǽȥǳŷ⣬ɽׯ˶û
㣬һߣһߣţץץԴֹӣȥһ˵ǴȥĹˣ԰Ĺˣһ鴳ȥôˣҾͲŻ㲻һɽׯ
Ǵȥ֮󣬾˸ȥȳ
ǲڼʲô
ϴǺƽʱǸûʲôˣҲǸϺ̵ͣˣ˿̾Ȼͬ飬ͷ˵ûǲܾʹڼʲô
ͣɽׯҲ֪ôأҪǲ콫ȳµΣա
󲮣壬ҲԸһȥҿԴѧõѧһȥҶѧ书԰æġ
Ҳһ߸š
üҡҡͷɣȻܹܶһȥæɽׯϻأóóȻǰȥΣա
ҵҵҲ϶Ը⿴Ϊðյġ
ɽׯǵº⣬ɽׯҲһصĵط
ɽׯڵ˴ȥģκôɽׯ˶кõ³
Ļ˴ҡ
ոȼһЩϣֿʼ
ҲǣҲǣǻɥѣȻ˵ȥ֪ø˹ȵ
У֪Ǹɵ֪飬Ҳﲻʲôæģпܰɽׯ˶ŭˡ
ҪȥӪС壬ȥӪһʱܵˣСǸ󽫾϶а취ġ
С
ַ飬С֪ˣ϶һʱ취ϻȵģڰ¹˴Сһ뿪˾ӪǺпܾͻᷢս
û˧ľӣпܾͻ˰̵ġ
ǲΪ£Ӱ˹ҵĴ¡
ͬҲǵ뿴ġ
ŭϣ̬Щǣ˵ҲУҲУ㵹˵˵ʲôӰѲֻȥײ̸һһĹײ
ôģȥҲ˰
һǰͱͻˣײûãҪ˯İ
죡
죡
죡
죡
ɵɲԼͬһŭȡ
һֱֻʮڳһֻ֣һ㶼غݺݵҵͷϡ
Ϲ˵ʲôúõģҪײľȥԼơ
ӵĵˣ˵ôûзִ硣
öҪһ١
ԭżеռˣĻ͸żˡ
ҪСùھͺˣСùô϶ܹ뵽취ġ
ſ̾һ
ռҲ̾һ
϶ȥҵ֤أȷĿȥ͵ľɽׯ𣿡
ү֮ԱɽׯץߣΪ϶ɽׯȥ͵˶ɽׯԼ˱ԩˡ
Ҫүӳֻܴһȥ֡
϶ҡҡͷûУ۴ҹȥ˵ģҵǵʱһҶˡ
Ҳ˵ûܹ֤ǲɽׯ͵˶ˣ
šüģֽӣ˫ӣѹֵ
϶һӷ֣оʹˣôģǶӣھȥɽׯˡ
ô취ûһеģˡ
Ҳֵģɻеǵġ
ס϶뽫Ҳȥɡ


529 ˭ȵ

ס϶뽫ҲĻȥɡ
϶
СһѾϵĻ˯ˣϻ˸ֱôϱȥ˸СӹʵҪô죿ҪڼոأǻûУ
ǱǰһӣҪһȥɽͺܴõǴֵʮ
·Ͽ϶ǲܳ⣬϶ԭҪȥֻͣҲˣձ㽫ո˹ȥ
ɽھǹһ㣬װ󣬿ӱޣ·ϲϢһһأҲҪʮա
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ҲʶԼʵЩ࣬̾˿
һῪڣҸ϶һȥһɽׯǹţҲҪɽׯĸׯԸΪֹ
ţҾҵТĸҵĳж
϶ĵ
޾ɵؿһۡ

գ϶һͳˡ
СʮڵԵʱ򣬶ʲô棬˵ȻǺ˵ЩʲôҲҪԱš
ͿʲôׯĻͺǣôֻиׯûׯ
ΪʲôҪȥҸׯȥׯأׯȨǸӴ𣿡
϶˻Ȼ򣺡԰ׯϼǣǿȥׯİֻҪׯӦˣׯ϶Ҳͬġ
ͷУҪθׯȻϼǣǾȥׯ
ǲ֪ׯ˭ͬҲ֪ׯ˭Ϊȥ˭ǶԣⲢ
ҲԸһȥ𣿡
Сʮĵȣشĺ̽ͷ
˵ʲôɽׯģӣҲȥʶһºɽׯ
֪ǸɽׯǲǸǼҵĺɽһôóԵĹأ
Ůħ붼룬ֱ˵УԹԵȥѧãﶼ׼ȥ
ŶСʮЩʧһ뵽үүͻѧ书˲ִ
Ҿȥѧˡ
ӻ֣سѧȥҲ֪үүȥô죬ûдʲôöǡ
óԵĶҸϲһЩĶٺóԣҲûҼĶóԣûо¥öóԡ
·϶Сʮ
϶Ҳʽˡ
ռҵ˾ڼϢ
ȶȥԣӦÿѹˡ
Сת˳
ϵͷСһˣȥ
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ﶼڵүӣɸ飬ùӣǻҪġ
ɣȥ޷Ǳ߿Ǳ޷⣬ҲҪһЩñˣѾѾߵʱһЩͼֽѼññġ
ñѾˣȥǱƷôҸ
һЩװƷҲˣҲõǱ߿ôԽԽȣҲԽԽɹˣЩҪϽȻʱˣ֮ɾûˡ
ϱ˼ñӸ·ϡ
·ͳſȥܵ⣬۷
󻹸һˡ
ĺ֣һϸҶüһ˫Ṵ˵˫ͦıСɵ촽һϮʯɳɢȹǾʲôӵʱ򿴵ĹﶼҪÿ
λ˵ҪǼЩҪ˵
ɿŴɻĿ͵
ģҲֻ͡
ϻڷɩĸŮˣ¾ϳˣհСһ˵ʲô£
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Ҷ˫һ˫˵ĵ٬ؿϣǼµ˳
üǰòŮ˵̬˾ò
߲ơ
һŮȷʵǲµģ˼һøߵʮһȥϴģ嶼˹
ŵϣһ°ڣһڳͷأڳΪ˰ģ˵Ƕˣʲô˵͸Ͻ˵ɡ
ѾܹˣռҲ;ûбҪȥû
Ҷ˫ݵԼ˸λ¡
˹ظԼһ裬еš
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ǼҵĲҶǶҺȣһݸһոȥݹǺȵģھȻһİŮȺˡ


530 ҿ԰

Ҷ˫һӱ䣬̧Ц˵ҶҪ
ϴĶʵͽˣ˿Ҷ˫֪˵ʲô
ֻȥҶ˫Ҷ˫ȻҶȽϣŭ˵˵ҵ϶ȲҶҪˣҾֻһǲҶûˣһȥ򡣡
𣿡Ҷ˫Ȳ衣
źţһЩʵɫ
ƾʲôһׯ˼滹ܺȵôõĲҶǼǰȵĲҶҪãȴҪ米ȥһЩ߰顣
˶ûע⵽Ҷ˫ɫı仯ֻע⵽Ҷ˫ӽ֮һֱںȲ衣
˺ȲǺȲ裬ʲôû˵
Ҫû˵ͿˣǼҲдİˡ
ֱ
Ҷ˫ƯȲĶҲţռҵ˶ûȥĶ
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Ҷ˫ǣǾֻýĿŵϡ
ɴģֻˡ
ɽӴҵĿѯʣ޹ҡҡͷʲô֪ġ
Ҷ˫裬²豭ռˣҲûɫˣ֪ҪʲôҿֱӸǡ
ɰӦ˵ɣ˵ٹ
Ҷ˫Цһ£ɽׯץ˰ɣڶż
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ǰǶʶŮô֪ģ
˲侯ؿҶ˫
Ҷ˫ЦҲ֪ǵĵɽׯץˣһ֪ҪôҲ˵ҿ԰Ǿ
һֱô˵ϴĵ˶ֱ壬ĿضҶ˫Ҫô
¹ǵĵ˶ˡ
ǵҪ֡
ںôҲǾӱ°ߣŮҲ㱻ץߣǾḻǿˣܲŲæҶ˫ƾʲô㣿
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Ҷ˫ޱȵؿһֲۣԼֵһ衣
ʮһڰСظ˵˼ǲöȲģôǼ֮ƴȲˡ
ʮһ˵ûз֣ʮһһ˵꣬ҲЩɵؿҶ˫
˿ܾǹƭȵġ
Ҷ˫ĻƷԼĲ²⣬ȼһܵŭ
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Ҷ˫ذףĵ˵ɱң԰ҪǲȻˣԶ֣Ҳν
ֲҵ
㡭
ĺɱҶ˫ֻٵ

˵ɣҪôſϾҵ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪǽӽˮȻȥɽׯ˷
Ҷ˫ҲĨǣֱ˵˳
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ʮϱţߵ£Ҷ˫Ҳǰ¹ˣ
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ģȫҶѹҼҶûйء
û˵漴ʾҪѾ֪ˣҪҵļֳһ£ȥɣסģ
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Ҷ˫վ̬ţ̬سſȥ
϶Ƕˡ
һ֮ǰһǹȥɽׯûܿǵĸׯͬģҲûܿǵׯ
˵Ļ
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ӽˮЩ˾͸ӽˮûû˰ɣΪһˮǼҵˣ
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ϴֻүˣ˵ҪǾͽǰɣֻҪû¾ˡ
"ʲô¹˻ҪӽˮͲܹǵĻHֶΣҪǽˣǲǱǣ˵ҪǹҵҲԱˣŵ۾ǣǻˡ
϶һͲ޳ɰӽˮȥ
ͷԣСڻǴأһǶԱˣˣСô죿ӽˮֲǼҵģǳ͢Ķˣ潻ȥˣȫҶҪɱͷˡ
ǵô죿
ֽʱ򣬾ֻһ䣬ʵǵĵôˣŵ𣿡


531 ˭Ȫ֪

ֽʱ򣬾ֻϴѯʡǵô죿
ѯʣǵĵôˣŵ𣿡
磬˰
ƽʱڼУƤֹϵá
һݵӶռռˣæվ˵磬
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СʮѾѧûˣȵ֮󣬴ĵֵţͷӦүү֪үүɽׯץˣүүôһȥүүòã
˵ˣɽׯ˶ǻˣǶɱ˲գ۵ġ
˵˵
ֵһӾͺˣ˵˭˵ɽׯɱ˲գ۵ģɽׯҿеɽׯˣǶԸĶǻˣΪϰճģƺʩѵˡ
СùõĻ˵ɽׯֱһ֯ˡ
𣿡
СʮһӾ˷ˣҲԼɽׯһ𣿡
ϱɫõؿСʮСʮ˵ɽׯڵ˶ǻˣ㲻ܼɽׯȻҲǻˡ
Сʮɻҧָүү˵ˣɽׯ˶Ǻ˰
ֺƣǳƣһʱ֮䶼֪˵Щʲôˡ
϶ߵ˵磬㾭ڴ棬϶Ǳƭˣɽׯǻˣǻǵ˶ᱻŪòúģڻҵץȥˣֱɥĲ񡣡
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ǾԼ̫Щˣ
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ıֵĲˡ
ҪҪȥ
ؿļֵܡ
һۣǸȥܸʲô
ֵܼ˵ȷʵһѧϰ书ˣǼʼѧѾƫһЩ츳ֲ㣬ĿǰΪֹҲֻǻһЩȭŹѣֵİٷ֮һﲻ
ӵģҪĸֹȥųɾŵļҪϺȵġ
Ĳ˵ˡ
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ƽʱôȥϵģ⵽˭ôƭ˵ɽׯ˺ܺأô󵨵ȥɽׯӦþǱƭˡ
ǳƶӣ磬˵ǲǴ˭Ҫ磬ȥƭأ
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ϱϲӿǲ˳۾ˣû뵽Ĵġ
УҵøϽȥ峤˵УĺȺ֮ڴ档
嶯ߣšüȵû֤ݵĻҪ˵
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϶ǰ˫ϣԼͷͷץøͷһ˵ҪҾͷŻɽׯˣٳҽȥѵȳ
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Ҷ˫϶ǻЭһ˵Ҫһӽˮ˵ɸ˸ҹȥԽҵӽˮ
ռ˶ǿ׳һҶ˫
֪Ҷ˫֮󣬾ͰѼĲҶӶˡ
ϣӵؿҶ˫ЦǶûӦҪƾʲôҪ㶫˹ȥأҲȥץŶʴˡ
Ҷ˫˵ˣǵƵġ
ĺҶ˫
ֻǵҶ˫ݣҲʡ֮󻹻Ǹָ鷳
Ҷ˫ü˵ǲںǵˣû뵽ǾȻĺöӰǵȪ֪Ҳᱻû˰ɣ
ߣվЩŭ˵˭Ȫ£˵˭أ
ǡ
Ҷ˫û˵ꡭ


532 һһ

ֵ⣺緹ûһ·ϻˡ
֮һ
϶ϱȥ緹ҸСӶˡ
ռҵ˶Ϥ󲿷˶Ѿ˺üʮˡ
˲Ҷ˫ˣϲܳˣ˵˰
ôģ
ɽׯ۸û
϶Ҳܳϲؿүӡ
Ҷ˫߳ʵûмүӣŴҵĻҲµǰ˾үˡ
ŵ˵ôܣôܻˣɽׯô
ȷӦģҶ˫ʼҲˣҵѾҪˣϽ
аепȥռҵˣʵ˭ô
岻ϲҶ˫뵽ָ߳书ЦЦ˵ԼģǾҵɽׯץߵģ˵ֻа취ȥȻҵ
˵ҪõҪӽˮ磬˵˵ŮǲǺܿɶ񣿡
˵ڱȥܻɽׯģҪõӽˮ
ֵһӾ
Լ˵ĺ˼ѹûɽׯ飬þɽׯģñȥܻͲôˡ
Ҫô⣬ƺҲûʲô⡣
Ͳεص˵ͷ
ˣҰɽׯȥԺɽׯ˶ᱣǵģǵ鷳Ǿȥɽׯ֪ͨĸׯͻ˹Ǵȫ顣
Ҷ˫콫˳ȥ
緹Ծ뿪ӡ
ռҵЩ±ơ
϶ԼĶʵҸղûɣ˵ɽׯ˻ᱣǣɽׯɱ˲գ۵ĻǻѵץˣôᱣǼأ
һΪǵ˲ѵǼҾͦѵˡ
ûɽׯôôܻᱣǼҡ
ôɽׯģû˰ɣɽׯ˸㷹𣿡
߹үӵֱۣµأǰǰϸϸش

ϣү˵Ļռ˶Ĭ˺ܾá
˵ĻǶԵģɽׯڵĲǻˣǰѵȥֻΪ˲鰸õԺסõģ
ԩˣ
Ҷ˫ȥռҵʱ򣬴ɫֵһֱڰйעţĻϵı̼˷ĩ

ѾѾڼʯˮһÿ춼ᱻͬȥԷ
ҪҪֲϣдǲģҪȵϷѿѾѾ֮ŷߡ
ѾѾûģڴš
ǸճǱߣÿ춼ȥϣȻʲô鲻
ٷ̫ϸˣȫҲʲôġ
ˣ֮Ͳȥˡ
ڴûʲô쳣
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ɴͼװʲô֪ÿһʱܵΤ橼ȥ档
ʱ䳤ˣ˵׳ʲô
죬ѾѾҲȥΤңΤ橵ֶֶŮ˵ˣΤ橳ȥˡ
ѾѾΤһᣬ뿪ʱ򣬾һɽ¡
ļڣϷɽѾ͵һƬ糿̫һ㶼ȣֻůģر
ѾѾɽɹ̫źͷ硣
˾֮£øҪпЩʲôҪ֮ġ
ѾѾûʲôҪģûʲôҪһһġ
С۷ʲô飬һһߣĿһеġ
㲻Ϸ£ģһֱһһһҲ˵˵ġ
һһͬʼ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ǸѾѾһġ
Ĵ󲿷飬ѾѾǲ֪ġ
һҪ¾׾٣顣
ѾѾţݽһһĻ
㻹ǵҸ˵һ߸ϵͳһһһ߸ϵͳ
ţǵģȵǣҾٻˣʱҪԸǶǵ統𣿻ԸǼˣ
һһѾǺǸûʲôϵˡ
˵֪߸ԵԸô𣿡
ֲ֪ʶǣֻ֪Ըһˣҵһȫֵֵ
һһ
ǿʼƤ


533 ѾѾιֲ

ʱͻȽСֵֵֻؽ֪ʶУͳˡ
һһŵ̾˿ѾѾ˶˵Ϊ߸ֻһϵͳͬ˴ģΪ߸ԸʵǲģöǵĴеơ
֮ǰ磬Ӧþ֪һЩˣ߸УһԸָǲһġ
ǵĴڴʱ򣬲СĽһЩӰϴCPUˡ
ЩӰʲôõӰкܶ඼ǷҪƻ򣬻з¶ˣսҵģЩһ͵һСӤϵͳʱӰġ
ЩݵǸϵͳСϲȥģķм䷴ѵ
ǵĴڴ֮󣬾͸趨ƣΣᣬ˺ͬ顣
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һֱԻٵıԵ̽ʱ䳤ˣ߶֪չʲô̶ȡ
ʱǴԽʱʵһʼǲðĸģΪѾЩܿˡ
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һֱŸģ˭֪ʲôϽȥ
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ÿȥ֮ˡ
ÿȥ϶ҪĶ͵ȥģͨͨھͰؼȥˡ


534 

ͨͨҲǿʱһֱûкӣѼӶڿˣʮ껳˰ԡ
ʮ֮ǰҲǸúӵģżֲܽأʮ֮͸˸һ͵͵ؽĶóȥˡ
ҪôǽĹóȥˣҪôǽĺ֮ʳóȥˡ
ϴʹҲóȥˡ
һܳȥһڼ׼ǻᷢġ
ѾѾʵļҾͨͨǼҸڣǼҵ飬Ҳ˽ˡ
ѾѾ˵ʹҴææܻؼȥûʲôܹæġ
ȥÿһΰһʱץ˵ġ
ҲȥץУȻǸСһ̫ˣ˿ܶûа취ץסġ
ѾѾͷΤ˵һ䡰ҹȥ׷ȥ

ͨͨǵļڴߣڶ֮һһ䣬ӺƣԺҲơ
ԺмѸɲмʯͷûʲô衣
˼ҵԺӶмӣǽϿܻż¨ǷһЩͷ֮ĶЩͨͨҵԺ涼ǲڵġ
˵ǵĶӸ͵ȥˣ¨Źġ
ԺԶԶΧ˲ˣڶԺмڿ
Ժмһʮӣϳ˺ܶ಻֪Ķеӿݵģžͺˣƫ˺ܶ࣬ȴӪ˿ŶҪݡ
ƤƫƫǼ䲻ɫ
˫Ŀɢڵ󺰴֣ǿˮǱġ
޺ţҩ졭
ٲѶøңҾͿǣҪŻǡ
ҶҪҩӣҪȥҩ
ѾѾ֮Ҳվ˺һˣػض֮⼸仰
ñѾѾ磬ѾѾҲһ˵չӣȻȥɣⰢһʱײϵģԼĵҲܣһ˵Ͳˡ
ǰչӣǶ֪ǺĴ飬Ǵ˵ģⰢÿһʱͻӣҴҲãܾаˡ
һʱ򣬾ǶǲҿģӾԼЩʲôȵָҲǵˡ
ϴӵʱ򣬻ͨԴѪˡ
֮ͿʼֵҪȥͨ屨𣬻˵Ǳ˴ͨ塣
仯ҪκҲ򵥣ֻҪȥҩˣǶ֪ģҲֻ֪ˣҩҲ֪ʲôҩҾðҩԻˣԵ߶߶ģҩ
ͨ˵ֻҪһ첻ҩͻᷢˣǸ˵Ķÿˣ䲻ˡ
ǶȰѾѾ뿪ģ°Ի˺
ԭһֱڵϣȻվˣ·Щģ͵ؿѾѾķ򣬳˹ǮǮ϶Ǯġ
չӣСġ
һѲ˵ַ񣬴Ǳŵˣżش󺰣չӣܡ
չӣÿ
˵Ǻܿ죬һӾ͵ѾѾǰѾѾֻ֮һʣֻа˸ߣʲôģֻһַΧá
ϵĲ˵ֱԽʣѾѾͷϡ
ǰȥֹ´̼ԣðֱӿѾѾֻԱ߸ż
ԣһ£չӣǴӵĴˣ˵ˡ
չӣӰɣóȵõӣ϶ͻ뿪ˡ
ͨͨǿֹչ޹ġ
ԻɢĿ⵱͸ЩͷѾѾ߳һͷŲ˵ػ˻ӣŭ𳳡
֮䣬ǶֻͣȻŵؿѾѾ
Τ橲֪ʲôʱҲˣվûע⵽ıԵǰ˵ĻЩ˷ܣЩڴǰͲֳЩʲôһ
ǮֱԼĵϹˣ̵سŰԼߣΤ橵ʱļôûʲô֣Ͻؼȥ
Τ˲ϵı飬ΨΨŵŵģصͷۿЩ죬ҲڲǱŻһ
ûã
Ǯֱĵط˸ۣΤǰ棬Τȥ
Τ橵ͷС׷ȥ
ͨͨң㲵ͨͨڰԺ漱ÿ˳ԣ㲻ҪǧҪҪǰɣ㣬ҪǶ㡣
ԣֻҪ㲻˺չӣԺҪҩȥˡ


535 ĥ

ԣˡ
ͨͨʵˣһӶڴڿҿҵ£֮Ҳദʱ°԰ѾѾˣԲѾѾˡ
ѾԹ
ѾѾüͷһȺΪżˣЩε˵ҲôżģҿԱԼġ
Ͱ̶ֳȵģȫϡ
ѾѾССڴо͸һе硣
ҶѾѾ˵ĻڰοǣѾѾθˡ
˼չӵǴôණǣǽֲϵģأȻôرģΣյ
εġ
峤һҧͳһɰʣһӣ˵ԣ㲻Ҫһӣɣ㣬ҪǻٻؼȥãǧҪ˺չӡ
ѽѽҪǰɣҲмʮǮȸˣҪǾòҴٻؼȥѣٸյ㡣
ҲʮǮҪǲһؼңҰҼҵļȥˡ
ֻҪðԲȥ˺ѾѾ͹úܲõĴǣ׷óԼϵӳЩ߰ԿȥǼҵĶ
ѾѾץץԴ
ˣЩ˶ûԾȵҪء
ڳ˵ֻѾѾ·õģҲֻѾѾʲصģȺһ㣬ȫƾűµİֻܿѾѾ
;ֻѾѾܸӡ
˵ĻֻǲӬһ˵죬úܡ
Ų˵ŭȣ졣ֽѾѾǮóȻ㡣
ٴαŵýͣһЩСĸѾŵᡣ
ѾѾ̾˿ڶˡ
ֱֻӷ档
ûȥ˼ѾѾôӰԵĲ˵в֮£Ӱȥģֻ֪ѾѾȥˣΣոˡ
˰˶ŵɫҰס
ͨͨǼôҴһ¡
չôȥ˰
չӸոôӰ
չӽȥˣһҪôӰ
չⲻ
ǵＸ͸һ뷨
ѾѾҲµһ㣬عͷ¶һ˵Цݣе˵ҲҪİûµģұ֤˺ġ
һ±ƣǲŲѾѾ˺ء
˼ҰǸѾѾҪߴܶˣŲ˵ҪѾʧȥǣԼﶼҪˣֻİԻ˺ѾѾء
ʲôҲ˵Զ˵ˣһǴ˵ЩԲĻһֱӶѾѾ֣Ǿˡ
ֻƴʾѾѾ뿪
ѾѾ·ûпһһһسŰ߹ȥ
ոդʱΪԻûзӦ֮ľˣмһš
Ѿ̵ֻ̣ҪԶһ֣ϵĲ˵׼ȷ䵽ѾѾϡ
չôɣ
ﶼð뷨
һ˲־øˡ
˼չӶô֪ĳΣյģԼȥ˺ˡ
õ˶ҪǵĴʲô£Ѵ˰
չӣչӵļˡ
ǻعʱѾѾŰˡ
Ҫ
Ǵ󺰣ű۾
һΰӵʱͨΪˣԾԼİȫܵвֱӽϵľͨȥ
õʱŵľֻǰͨͷѪˣɺôǱס˵ģڲһ
õһѲ˵
ǼҺõĲ˵óˣʣµľһѶˣ˺üģƽʱֻе߲˵Ĳ˵ţǼȷʵҲֻ߲ˡ
һѿû̫ôܶƲʲôĵҲȷȷʵʵһѲ˵
ķ̶ȣͦʵģܼӲ
ҪǰƴȫӳѲ˵ѾѾԻΣյġ
Ƕȥˡ
Ǳ۾һᣬûȵѾѾĲҽɻ۾
ȵ۾֮󣬾ͿǰѿƿԱ̭Ĳ˵ѾѾѾȵϡ
׺ޱȣӦ˵Ǹ׺˵İԱҪѾѾĶһģ͸һʯͷһ
ѾѾŲ˵һᣬϣ˵Ѳ˵ĥһˣȻҪ˶ġ
ǣ
ôĥ˵
ôؿ˶
ص
ڵصô㿪ԡԣҲöˣòа˰ɣôˣ
չӶ԰ʲô


536 Ϊر

ԶסܶˣѾѾץס
չӸòҪѵ˰ɣڶܶˣչҪôѵˣҪҪȥæ
ѽô˵ҲǿŰԳģ⿴ŰԱ᲻᲻̫ð
ҪǾͱ۾ҪˣȻѹ֮һԹûаͲˣôһ
ţȻͳһ۾ȥѾѾԡ
ûзѾѾִ𰢻ԵֲҪץ԰
һһ֢״Ӧþǳ֮˰ɣܰҵһǸ紦ķҿѧϰһ¡
ȻѾֲˣѾѾ񰢻˿϶ǲٵġ
Ȼһ˴ڣôͲӲܡ
ȻǴͳϵļҲǲ϶ĳЩˣҲһͦصĲ
һһӦãԵһᡣ
һһܿͰصݵ
ѾѾܽһ£ȾԶ֮ǰһʳԿеҩѣʱ˵ĲҩЩֵܵѡ
̬ҪһҪõ̬̱һܼѵḶ́һҪ׼
Ҫмǿ־ܷǳ֮ʹࡣ
ҪרҵԱæͨרŵҩҩ
̵У㻤ԼҪ˵ʱһϰơ
ҪǿԸ˵ϣѾѾҪʵҩ
ٰصҩңҽеҩһ¡
ȴһһҩʱ䣬ѾѾתͷһڱ۾еڶһĴǣ˵ȰҪʩ롣
ҩǰѾѾĵķסԵҩ񫷢
ƿšڹءϹȡ͹
Ѩ｡Ƣθǿ׳һ֮Ѫ򾲰
̲ΡƢ֮Ѫ
Ϲ򾲰͸͹ֿĻ
ڹΪѨ֮һͨάİѨɽİ
ΪľԭѨİ
֮תַƽƽкΪƬ̣һ,ڼΣкϹ͸͹
һΣߴΪһƳ̣Ƴ̡
⣬ȡѨڶѨε㣬εһǳѨ㣬ڸѨ㴦񾭷֧ƤΪӽ
˴̼Ѩеֲ񾭹á
ɴ̼Ѩֹʹİá
ھҪô룬ѾѾѾԺһ顣
ѾѾĻ۾žһ㶡
ûɣչҪʩ룬ĵѵչﻹҽҪβ
ͨͨҲţЩˣֳţģȻǲ̧ȥġ
ܿмæ
һסǼҸڵĴ񣬿һģĲᶯˣֻ۾ŭصһ㷴ӦûС
Ҳִ
ӴЩϺݺݵشһȭĵ˵Сƽʱܷ鷳ôˣˣôỹˣҸϽ¡
Ļѵð
ǹæѰ̧ȥĴ񣬺Ȼش
ѾѾǳ˳顣
ǻͨͨڣû֣֮󣬻ǰæ̧˽ȥ
ܼªһ䣬ĴûУשͷһľ壬ľϷöԭɫĴӡ
Աŵ˴ϡ
ѾѾһƵ߽ģ˵֮ԱΪðܽƳɵҩˣһܼʱٳԵðܽƳɵҩͻȫʹͣ͸һ
ǡǸ򣬿Գ԰ơ
ʱҲҪҵϡ
ȣǧôʹ඼ܸӣܷ뿪ҲܰŪʲôҩ
ҲҪô
һȰģһ㡣
֮һһЩҩԡ
ԣչӣǸ𣿡
ոᰢݵĴȻؿѾѾ
ѾѾͷû
һѾѾǴ򣬴ǸϽ˳ȥѷѾѾ
ʶĴβʱ򣬶ϲ˿ŵģڶС
ͨһ£ϵ·ˣֻϰľС

꣬ѾѾͨͨŰԡ
ǵھҲԸµ
ѾѾȻȥ峤ңǸճŪЩ߻һЩҩ裬ճ͹ȥԡ
պ󣬰ԶȹѰʱڣ˰ѾѾ˹ȥ
չӣ˵ȥҩʱ˵Ҫҩȥ


537   

Ծ˵ӣѾͨһЩ飬˽ѾѾ˹ȥΪرһЩ֮ǰҸ˵ѾѾ
չӣ¸˵ȥҩʱЩҩЩҩΪ˽ҩϲ߹صľӪڡ
ǵĿľþӪڵʿ
ѾѾΪʲô֮ǰҵ˻ôֲڣԭš
ֻǲʮûֲЩϵģ
ѾѾһһͬɻ
ԿѾѾʵչӣҪҪܹܣҪһֱܵĻһǵĿĴﵽˣһǵĹҸ¹սˣ»ܲ
ʯռҴ廹Ҫϲ߹أԾӪڵ˽ҲҪռҴ˶һЩ
ֻҪ΢ڿȥϵģ֪Ԩϲı߹شԨʿ¹ʿǳʶŹϵġ
ѾѾ룬ȷʵҪܣڡ
ڻǵһ˽ڵ񫣬Ҫȴ죬ȵ԰ٷ֮һȷϿԽ˲ſ뿪
ӦʱܣٹһΣ֮ٻһҩټְ£ӦþͲˡ

ѾѾڼʯִ˰£ʮһЩһЩϵĿӿҲһ㣬˵ľ񶼱ˡ
ֱʮǰ£Ҳͨͨ꺮ů
ʮ춼û˵ǸҩǰһЩҲûôܹ
˵ѾѾԼķĿеġ
ֲѾѿƺãϵͳĳɳɳֻҪʩʻǲϰγûˮֵʲôģͿ϶ġ
ѾѾȥһ˾Ӫ峤˵Ҫ뿪֮ѮͿǰӪ·̡
ӣ㶼ҪˣҲΤ˵һÿ춼ȥΤ𣿡
ϣɻѾѾ
ѾѾÿ춼ҪȥΤ棬ΪѾѾΤ橵ĸжãΪѾѾĽΤ橵ء
û뵽ѾѾԼҪˣҲǰΤ橴һк
ѾѾǰ磬һѷֿˣ϶ҪȥҶԷַȻԺٸԷͨġ
ȻβûС
ѾѾϱĿԣ΢΢˵ΪʲôҪ˵
ΤһֱһദȻΤ橲δѡ
ңһмʯ嶼йأȵӪ鴦ˣǻһ˵ġ
Τ橻ǻټҲͲθ˵
㾹ȻЩԶԡ
ʯӪԶӱ޵Ļһھܵ
ѾѾǾûͣһֱ˾Ӫͣ
ӪһҪĵطҲһ佲صĵطһӣ˭˶ܽȥ
ӪǾˣûд󽫾Ҳֻš
ѾѾǾֻھӪš
˽ȥՕ˻˵ֶˡ
ӪǲŮӽģѾѾǾȻװҲǸŵʿ˵ˣֶܵӡ
ǸֶŮأǻֶӿأ˵ֶˣüͷ
ǾӪʲôⲻǺ𣿶ˣû˵ʲô֣ҵҪĸֶô¡
Уȥ˵ûգϽ뿪ԺûҲҪӪ
ՕŲĸֶӣҲҪϽߣӪ֡
ǾӪֲļңô˵ء
ʿܵĻһ£ǽաʲôģеҵ֣Ҳͦġ
͹ȥ뿪
ʿ¸ദʱȻ֪Ǹʲôˣ֪ǶԼǶµʿǷǳϸġ
ҲһӪǾӪһĵطǸɵġ
ʿתȥˡ
ܼȵȣøߣϽȥ˴ˣԳȥɡ
ʿ
һ±ƣ˵Ҫ˵
˵ǾӪһֶǺֵ
˵ûգöԷԺûҲҪӪ
ô˵ҪԳȥˣ
м便ʲôطأ
ˣǴ֮ʼġ
ʿ˼˵ʱѾ˳ȥ͸һëͷСһ˷ּ
һ㶼ƽʱ˽Ĵ󽫾
һ·ӪϵܣЩµģҺԼһſֶӽʲô֣Ҫ˵Ϊֶˡ
Ͱ۰СֶŮϳȥˡ
ǸʿȥɨǲУҲ˵ѾѾֶֶŮֲ壬׵


538  ҪһȺ˯

ܰŴҪôǸʿС
²Ҳڲϵؼӿ졣
ӪôʱˣѾѾûҹΪѾѾѾǸûĵġ
û뵽Ѿͷķ֣ˡ
ϵͶѵߣ۾
ӪʿôƽʱЦĴ󽫾ɵСһѿ죬žӪȥ
һض͵ʼ
˵ôˣһǵһοЦء
˵ǽֶҹˡ
ɣҲû˵ʲôֶӵİھǲ˶ûеֶӣ˵ƽʱడҶЦء
ڻЦӣ˵᲻᲻ֶӣǽ˽Ӱ
ʲô˽ӣûӣ˵ǽĶӣǽƽʱص̫ˣӶˣŲԼѾˡ
ڽĶӶˣǲǵ潫ףһأûŵģҵɽȥץСӶˣҪⶼԲϣǶԲ𽫾
ǵľӪڴɽ£Ӫһġ
ȻҲ뿪ӪȥɽȴǿԣϾɽϾƽʱѵĵطҲھӪһ֡
ɽԵĽ֮кܶ˸ͣһȥˡ
֪ܲӪڵʿΪСֶŮθܵɽȥˣѾߵӪĴſ档
ѾѾǵͣ档
һ·϶ڸ·ûϢڿЩ糾ͣѾѾ·Щ壬ͷҲһЩϱ̫ɹ÷죬ͷϱʪ鷢ճϡ
˲ˣҲʿŴ򿪣˳ȥܵѾѾǰ
۵ͬʱֿʼüͷ
Ѿͷôӡ
ֲøոʿ˵ֶѾѾӣк
Ͻҽȥ
ϵЦסһеģεı顣
ŵʿæԵѾѾһ˽ȥ
ѾѾǵһӪӪ˺ö񣬻кܶഩͳһݱɹڵʿȥ
ӪƽʱеģȵʱֻϴǰϲŰȥ
ոѵʿһĴ󺹣׼ȥϴ裬ͰˣŰӪ֮ȥ
ÿնҪѵϴнʵļ⡣
ܵʱʿǶк󽫾ã
ѾѾͶǿȵ˵׳ðģ
ھϵͳڿһЩҽ˿ƵѾѾҲ˵ˣֻЩǲˣ嶼УҪôݵù᾵ģҪôֵøһͷһ
ǵһοôʵ塣
ȻûеĿ
ԼھӪϰˣĳҲˣһʱ֮ҲûӦʲô׵ģѾѾĻ֮ˡ
һʱߵѾѾǰסߣŭȵϽȥ·굽췣
ĺܽʵѾѾˣ˵λʿʱðһʡ
ô£ƽʱҲģǻ󽫾ƽʱҲİôȻҪΪȥ췣أ
кܶʣǲʰ
ھУɽɵģ
һʿؿһǸ󽫾󣬸ոջǵһۣһͷˮȥ·ˡ
ʿǲ֪ԼʲôѾѾȷʵ֪ġ
ٸΣҪ飬ܾתͷ˵㻹֪ԼǸҲԺ󿴵ֳһʱҪ۾ȻϽ뿪κۡ
ѾѾ
ȽѾѾǴӪʵУȻ˸ǰӪʡ
Ӫʿڶ࣬ӪʲһһӪʵ⣬Ķʮһġ
ѾѾǱ㿪ڣ󽫾ӪڵӪﶼסʿˣһӪĿǰֻסʿҿҪֱĸʿסһˡ
ʲô
ƽʱ鶼ûʲôܣɫüȵѿ
˼Щʿ˯һ飿
ָָѾѾʸ
ԴЩģֻҪϽ뿪ȥʲôһԼڵҲûܻе˼ͷţǸӪͦģĸסȥҲȽϿõĻἷˡ
üëҪˣһһٵ˵㾹ȻЩ˯һ飿
ѾܲˣӦЩʿÿնϴ裬ġ
ÿնϴ裬ģ
۾ﶼҪˣŭȵô˭ǳʲôҲ˯һ飡


539 ȥ

ʲôҲһ˯
ܾԼҪˣһֱӪػص߶
ʵһǰĸȥǸӪʸʰһλٴ˹ɨӪʡ
ȻӪʲǾֻȥЩʿһ˯ӪóСֶŮˡ
˸ǷԺӦǣ˳ȥ
ܿѾѾǼȥĶСͰѶߣʱססþסá
ܾõʿᶫ̫һЩԼȰѶߣʡõСֶŮϢ
ѾѾšһĿⶨؿſڵķ
ոոǴ߳ȥġ
ոյıЩʶټϰԸ˵ĻѾѾʶüͷšüġ
ʰʱѾѾ᲻ˣһʰһ߸ѾѾ˵
ոǸǷҲ֪ôģȻеһ˯ҶˣȻһ㶼ûӦ
˵Ҳ֣⸱֮ǰġ
һҲ֪ô£Ҫô͸˼Ѫһ˷ܵУҪô͸û˯һոǷɵӡ
ԭֻûһ˵ģ˵˵ţ˵֮Խ˵ԽǼ˵һƺӣӪüüߵýĸʿҲһ
¹ڴϳǵ⣬ҵһõĿսɣսʱпܱģǶ״̬һĿʼˣǻе
ϳôԴʯкüϳҲãÿֲˮȫô֮вߵġ
һΪսˣͱռϳǣǶڰ¹˵ǾϻʳϿ϶ߣǶǹҶԱǼز
һҪػϳǲС
ӪĵطأϳǾظ߽ĵطϳΪֿԴḻʳָߣһֱͱ¹
һϳʧ֣ǲǵ˻ǿͬʱܴ졣
ûᵽһ㣬ѾѾҲ֪дõӰʵ̫̫ࡣ
ΪˣҪΪϳǶսôԨһһ䡣
ˣѾͷŸյӪСڸ˵Щ£Ҳ
ѾѾֻǸӣһǸֻøò绨Сˡ
ѾѾ˵ӪˣΪѾѾѾͷôö˶˵ܵӪˣǷԶôҲˣǸճ书Ǻܲ˶еģֳôÿ
һǶзǷ֮ô죿
ӦöѾ߸ߵģҪСȥϸ򼸸Ѿȥ
ǣ
ճ
ʮӣҲҶԳзǷ֮밡ѵ»Ǿ
󽫾ǰЦ֪˴Ҳ֪ѾѾĸɵ˭ġ
ת˻⣬ѾѾҲ˵ﶼͬҳҽˣϣͨķʽԼҽ
һվȥ˼ʯ壬˵Ӫ飬ұˡ
ô֪С˵ǹӪʿڵģ
ѾѾȻû˵Ŀģһһɻ
ȷһ˵ʡСᱻ
ܸոնԴôֱΪѾѾܺпƽʱǰص̫ˣʵʵӦŭġ
Ҫھʲô˵ˣܻԼʿ޴Ϊ
һһȻ
ѾѾǸʰöҲǸճȥǽҪסӪźöʿһԷ
Ӫ̫ʿҪȫʿΧһԷҪܴĳأеʿһԷΪÿʿǷֳһһһԷ
ʿ˷Լҿյȥԡ
һԷʿ
ҰҰԼȥɽԻġ
ƹӽˮĹϵھھӪ棬ʿҲÿ׷Ե
ӪﻹԼֵ߲ˣԼԼֳļݣӪڵĻʳʵ㲻
ѾѾǳԷʱ򣬿±׼ķˣһǣܲ̿ˮ
һֱЦĻ󽫾ЦøɵһЦøɵһԭӹˣĻһʮʮٵش˳ȥ
صϣϵڣطĶС
طĴŮѾʮˣδˡ
ϢʱڳԷȻͿԸͣ
ˣ
ˣҵĽҪȥ
ȱ𼱣ܾŪء


540 ֺöӾ

طѾŽٳٲҽźôãԼλӵƢԣ˽ġ
һĽȥӪ棬ĺпܻῳ˻󽫾ġ
Ҫ֪ǼҿʮһۿܿʼⱲӵķܶĿʹҪΪȫ书ߵ˱ҪΪ󽫾ӡ
ɻ󽫾̫ˣǼҿڻ󽫾뿪Ӫʱٴθ֮żжٴû󽫾Ӣ۾Ǽҿɻ󽫾ûǼҿһۡ
ڵ󽫾һ߳ӪʮΣʮǼҿͽ׷ϣʮξ
ǼҿǸµʮθ󽫾˵ˡӵľ֮СŮΪֻܶԹĻ󽫾ûϳǼҿ
ô֪󽫾ûϳģȻǻ󽫾ʱ˵Ļ͸¶˼
󽫾ʱ͸˵ˣҪԵһμ˾
Ǽҿÿ⻰Ҫըˣôĵһμ棬Ǹµʮμ棬һ˼ٴˡ
һʼΪ±ʶƣǿݻ˵ԱҪһµģ֪󽫾ѹǲסǵĳֻ࣬еȵǸԱ˵ϷӲҪչ֮Żỻһ
Ѿ߶ʼЩжǼҿԻ󽫾ִţ࣬ͬЩΪ˼ӣĴα󽫾˺۵ˡ
ԭ󽫾һֱά״ҲûҪ˭׵ϢãǼҿ׷֮·ȻһЩȻҪ̤ںܶ˵ѪϹȥģܹϣġ
Ǽҿᱩߡ
񡭡λһֱǲסǼҿģǼҿˣȻжˣ
˵ǼҿҪˣСѾ߶ҪˣôǾ̫۸
ɶԷǱĴ󽫾ܾôҵˡ
СѾԲԣﲻһһ˵ûе˵侲һЩǴˣ⻤󽫾һֱڱ߹أôܻжأ϶˺˵ġ
طҡͷȫܾСѾ˵ĻᶨޱȣĵһҵĻӿڣǺ˵ģߵ˺˵˵ģھӪסô꣬˵Ϊ˱䣬࣬Ҫϸ֮⣬ûʲô
϶ҲܵϣôֱֻûʲôԴ
ȻϢ϶ġ
϶жˣΪ˶ЦøɵһҶûмЦģǾӪʿȻˡ
ҪȥЩʿɱˡ
ˣһҪɱӣûӣͿȢˡ
ˣȲˣҪΪǸ֪ÿǲ²¶϶ûƯû书ǿûŮӶȢңٰˡ
СѾ߾Ǽҿ˵úеô˵ˡ
ǲɿʿˣ
ҪǸʲôȲǼҿŮˣСѾ߾ԼҲܾôѽȥġ
ʿҪҪȥ̵ģҪҲֻսϡ
һᣬЩʿŰɣҾǻôģһʦȻǵЦʱӣȻܿЦģܹ
ԺҪǻϵıīɫˣٺȺʿһûʦ»
ã⣬Сˣ
һԽЦģط浱ʾͬ⣬СѾСļʾ͡
طڰ֣ˣҾȲýˣɱһˣʱһŰǽϾˡ
СﲻһЦǺǣʮ˵Ӣ䣬ôô覣ôƽ⣬ô󷽵壬ȵǸŮ֮󣬻󽫾϶ͻῴĺõġ
طֺǵصͷǿ϶ģˣȥѽķ˶ʳ棬Ҫȥҵļӳԡ
ӣ
С׵⽹۵ģ˶ûôͱɼˣ
ǼҿǸ˲š

ǺܿѾѾһװģѾѾԸ⻻һھӪ洩װӷһЩҲʿĲܲǿͬ·
ɻǾСֶŮӦôŮװƯƯĲá
Էʱƽʱϰߣ϶Ҫһԣ˳ѵ仰ɽȴ˰ѷ˶˵ӪڣѾѾļ֮£Ƕ˳ʹһˡ
Ӫ洫ȥĻֶһ䡰󽫾Ǹӿأ˵ʲôʲôһԭûУֻҪֺӣ϶ֺ
Ӫ棬⻰ط棬ԽӹСϵʳС


541 ʳкܹ

С
Ϊ˼޸󽫾Ǽҿƴˡ
Ҫ֪ǰǼҿԼõģҪѾţҪõʱٹҪ
гԼȵʱ򣬶Ҫι
õ㶫ͼãһôصʳУԸˡ
Ҫǻ󽫾ӶԸǼҿȥһˣȥŪƻС
ֶӳǿ֪û
ʿǿѾѾԵؿš
ɫʱֺˣԷ²͵Ļȥɽʮٻ
ڿѾѾʿ
ʲô˵ˣʲô˵ˣ֤سԷ
ĵţǼҴ󽫾̫ˣ赽¶ȢϱͲˡ
ܿűԷ˵ʿǣﻹǺܲ
СֶŮŶ󰡣ֲŲôȥ˳ס
СֶŮʮ꣬ǣڶʮ֮ǰˡ
ֲûйڶʮ껹˵ģǰ·ϾȵǸ˵Ҫ౨ģѾʮˣûм˵ġ
ǰȵǸҲǶʮ˶ûм˵ġ
ϸȹʮʮ궼ûг׵Ĺ
֪жٹﵽ˶ʮ궼׵ġ
ԣܹҶǹ˶ʮų׵ġ
ѾѾ˶ʮ껹ûףҲҪ˵ڽ˾ͶԶԷС
ĹﶼӵģǾ˵СæҲʲô£ΪҪĹԼδһ㶼Ρ
ѾѾһЩЩɽԻҰãζǲġ
ܺȻƳѾѾﶼûʲô⣬æһȹȥ
ʱʿܽ
һλ˵֪С˾ӪСھӪԲãЩȹ͵Сǰ
Ͳȹһλӣ
üͷѵλĽǼѾѾ֪ѾѾˣ͹ѾѾͳԵģ
Ǵ󵨣ȻƤӵѾѾ
˴
Ҫúÿʲô˲Ÿ
Ӫ棬ʿסֻվԭصŵͶˡ
СŴøһĿЩɻ󣺡ΪʲôҪÿҪ󽫾ʱ򣬲ҪѾ˼𣿡
Ǽҿ֮ǰÿ׼ȥ󽫾żʱٻỨʱʱģ˼Ӵʱ䶼Ҫ
·Ҫ϶ʮףĻ˵Ǵ󽫾ԲãÿζҲ˵ĴοʼŻס
ȻҪÿζƯӣһסˣס
ڡ
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ط濴СҡҡͷСûʶʱҪ֪ǾӪӪǲŮӽģҪǻŮӵװ磬ڶѾ˸ˡ
СȻ
ԭǼҿ׷˵ʱҲôġ
ܿ죬ոհǽȥʿ˳
˴˽ȥ
ֱӴܸѾѾǰ
ڵ˱ط֮󣬾һֱطڿšüġ
Ȼͦÿģ̫ˣþ͸һһŶûС
ҪǸѾѾһˣ˵ԺѾѾˡ
У
ֱӸط˸档
طÿһθܼ涼һܵĵٰ߰ʮμ棬ǰٰ߰ʮΣܶûۿʲôģûмס
һΨһһζôá
طǼǽţ嶼ֹסȻ󵨵ػܡ
Ҳڲ·ڸЩʲô
üôˣ˵ôΪͬѾѾһ
ܣܡ
ѾжˣĶˡ
ֱӿڸˡ
֪ô˻ЩʲôѾѾԡ
˵ţȥѾѾвˡ
طǧ˵ܵĻһ¡
ſߵ꣬ӿһת˵󽫾֪ˣүһֱܸмΪԨĹף֪˹ˣøϵĳʳ͹
ģǾɡ
ĳسõĳӣĲȻóԵˣҳԹһΡ
ٿ֮ҲûѾѾ͸ı⣬ҪѾѾԵóԵķˡ
طȥѾѾˡ
Ū֮Լλ¡
ܿһۣϽͣү˵ˣʳкܹһҪǵýʳûȥҾš
ӪûжӣǴĲҲתƵϡ
šüͷ
ѾѾüһȻ١


542 Ҫô Ҫô

Գˣذ⣬֮ǰȥԹһΣӡ󻹺̡
俴Ƶζ򵥣ȴɿڣȺʱԻз֮ԣзζ
ܸѾѾ˺üӵذ⡣
ֽһˡط⣬ĳõ廨ģ廨ʼգȲ̫̫壬ҲΪ̫࣬ڸ̫ʣټŵĵζ֤һλԵڶΡ
ÿһܶѾѾһ飬кܶ
Ҫ¼жˣͳԲˣǺ޲ýеĲ˶ѾѾ
ط濴ˡ
·ϣﻹǽһ˿ϣģÿǾӪʿ˶ѡ
ϾܿõһƷ󽫾Ҫ׵ĻҲСµģҲĵسװ
ɿܶѾѾӣѾײκϣˡ
ôֶӣ˭ֶôõġ
һǶӣرӡ
ˣӶôˣӦþ֮ǰģܽΪʲôҶ֪Ѿ˵顣
ѾѾĲ˶ѵöСɽһˣȻԱܻԣæվ˵С壬ȥһé
˼ҳԷΪӱˣΪӱܱŶԶ
ѾѾվߣط濴һΪˣʱЩʧܣ˵󽫾֮ǰ̫ˮˣҲҪһé
˵գǱﲻסһСųȥˡ
뵽ѾѾһŸȥéеľ͸ȥĻ죬ҪֹʱѾֻö㻹ճǸȥ
չӣȵҡ
ط׷ѾѾ
ϲһذס
ɫ֮£ǰذһЩ⣬Ȼһ˲ţѾѾǲץˡ
üط棬˵£
ط׷ȻЦˣЦģ̹ģֻϵĶȴô̹ˡ
һץסѾѾֿסѾѾõסѾѾĲӣñѾѾ߳һͷʮ㣬ʮ˵ȷʵ£ҪЩ顣
ǡҪôѡҪôȥ˵ҵ
СطܳʱѾǵһʱ׷ˣɿǰط棬֪Լˣεҡҡͷ
Ǽҿͳ˳ãã⣬Ķôá
ְԵ׳嶯ӣⲻΪ˸չӵвˡ
û뵽ذȥвˣʵһöûе
չڴӦȥ˵󽫾ȢˣذһÿˣǿԵʲô¶ûдӦܸϽȥǿҪ޸󽫾ԸһӶʵˡ
˵ʲôˡ
СҧתӪܣȻȥȱɡ
ѾѾˣ޸ҵҺ
ȻѾѾѾϳطŮˣԱ˵Ҫ޸ûһеģһŮģֻǣҵʮˣΪʲôҪô벻޸ͬⰡ
ѾѾǺһˣҲ뿴Լģʹúõؿһط棬Ҫô벻
ǧǧ㻹ǿҵҵ˵ģȻҵȷʵǳ㣬ȻҲôĹŮҵʹˣ޸ҵҾȰġ
طһĪѾѾƭ˭󽫾ʮͷʮ꣬ң˵Ǵ󽫾ĹŮˣǹŮǶأҪǲĻȥ˵ȢңھҪĹ
ȵȣѾѾЩʲô˸ۣ˵Сҵ޵С壿
ĻôܶôãҲƭˣȻҲ˵ϲ㣬ԣʶ㣬ҪԺĳΪ֮Ҳ϶ĺõġ
ط˵ûϡ
ѾѾĻЦˣ͵ˣֶŮҵʮˣǼһŸСϵĶѣСǿҳƯÿɰرҵģһֶӣĶֶӡ
˵ģ
ط汻ѾѾ˵öҡˣذҲõѾѾԶһЩ
ѾѾͷ뵽ܻûгףҲûǵĹһζʮ꣬ˣٲͷȥȻǴ˵ӣپ£һģвˣҲвôףӦǸͦȤˡ
˵ͷ˵ǧȷҪΪҵĺǲ̫أ㻹Կǵģҿ԰ӽС壬СȢô
ӱһذ׶ţЩ̫ѾѾеض˶
ط涼ûѾѾЩʲôذ׾䵽ѾѾϡ
ոѵҲ׾ٵӵģ
ΪԼ˿סء


543 

طؿѾѾ
˺þòŷӦΪԼѾѾѾסˣû뵽׾ٵؾͱѾѾذס
ѾѾ⣬Щɾһ˲ѾطĿơ
ذһһµϣط棬šüģո˵Ǻܲòء
ط棺
вҪʲôò
Щص㣬ص֪ô׾ѵң˭
ѾѾذ׵˸ͷֱһ˳ط˹ȥ˵㣬ȥϸé
ոճȷҪݵģڡѾѾЩؿط棺Ҹ׷ǹʵģбҪҩ𣿡
ոճԵķкҩ
ΪкҩѾѾǶҩֻж˵ҩܹ֮ΪҩҲû̫⣬Ҳࡣ
ȴЩоˡ
ϵҲнҩֻҩ̫ˣҲԡ
طӣЩ޹ˣû뺦㣬ǷԭóԼ׼ģԶԵе࣬·һ£˲ÿڷһкҩ
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ѾѾ
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۹⣬һˣҴǰС忪ʼ;ҸررˣҾҸһԵġ
Щ궼ûгװɣҲûмˡ
ͿȢңҲԼ޸ˡ
ط˵һۣ˫ޱȵ㽡
ѾѾһۣ߽éžһ¹š
éζЩģط滹վ棬ɢϢѾѾ֤ģҪҸСˣҿ϶СİģһСһģͶõһݰˡ
ҵұҲ㣬ұǿˣǿˡ
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Ҫ㿴ļҵĹӣǺĻҲȥ
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ұһÿ춼Էӣ˯ĸ๫ˡ
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ҪѾѾĶ㣬Ǹճطģһ𺳡
ԭԼҵôģȻҪһ޶
ֲܻһЩֵرߵʲôˣԭΪİá
Ը鶼ܴͳǸճǶͬؿ˶Էһֵۣ붼Σա
ճСض˵Ҫӷӣ㲻Ļҿ԰ġ
ҲӦҲ԰ġ
˵ţһ̾˿
ĬĬؿһеĶ㷭˸ۣҪȢܶ๫Ҳ϶ֲǵģǶˡ
ǸճȻǣҡͷ̾ϢԺҶȢˡ
Ȼŵ˶Ļ
ˣСֶŮʲôְֻ֪գ֪أҪ㲻֣һȥ֮ҵǰˡ
طĻ
ոճԷʱΪʿ֪ѾѾŮӣûʿ溰ѾѾ֣ҪʱҲССغģΪط沢֪ѾѾ֡
ѾѾǺشȱҲûش
Ĭ
ȵѾѾʱط滹һֱ׷ʡ
ѾѾȥϴ֣Ӫ治ǼùӽˮŪˮͷֱϴ֡
ӪһͰװһͰˮưҨϴͺá
Ұ㡣
طȥѾѾҨˮ
ѾѾ˳ϴֱ֣˦ɣش𣺡ѾѾѾѾͺá
ŶǺ֣־´ѧ˵ӤҲܺһѶȶûУͨ׶Ͽڡ
طڲͬؿ佱ѾѾһ
ѾѾ֪ԼǲǸΪĿ佱һ¡
Ѿ˦ø͸ˣȥȻƵسԭԷĵطȥ
ط棺Ҹ˵Ҫ޸壬⻰˵㲻Ҫóκηʽҡ
ҪĺܸмңҾУҿң
طɻգһ˫ˮĴ۾Ҫ𣿿ôأ֮ǰ̫ҼҵҵͷѪˣ㲻ҲᱻҵͷѪ
һС忴㣬᲻ȻԺ󶼲ˣ
ӦüأҪһģЩʮģһȥͺʹˡ


544 ͬ

ҪǶһӵĻӦû㰡һȥ㣬ҾҵöˣҲͦʹġ
طر˼ţؿһѾѾҲǵģôôֵİأö㣬Ҫð
꣬㶥һѣҲ˰
ѾѾ
ҪöͲʲôֵİˡ
Ҳû˵
ѾѾط棬ر棬һһǿӵ飬ҪңƱңԽԽá
Ŷ
طˣ˵ԭô̰ƵİãҵһŮǵǮƶҵģǻرУұĶ࣬Ʊࡣ
ǻСĵܵܣǸһĸͬģ˴Сͺá
ֻһŮ϶Ƿģÿ궼ʹʹĲ
Ϊ˿ȫ»ʹ͵Ķһرĵ±涫ѵġ
ټƽ׬Ҳûбİá
ط滹ǵ׸˵ڵĲƸӦñȹĻࡣ
֪طж಻ȱӡ
ѾѾ۾һŲط߹ȥż⣬ִļϣģ˵Ժҵĺӣҵˡ
˵ĻԱ֮ǰҪгһЩġ
ط̲ס㶣ȻȻ
ֲö˵ǮʹĥأǮܹһֶŮ
ѾѾط氫һͷļЩۣջ֣Ϊǵطֱۣ˵˵Ѿͬ޸СˣҶ˽⻹̫ˣΪСҸ룬㻹Ҽ̵һҽܰɡ
ҿҲСɣòѾˣȻСѰ̼İɣ
ѾѾȻѾôˣǰǾġ
Ͼ;ŮˣԼ๫黨ǲݣƮƮġ
طһ£󼤶ضѾѾ֣ûûУôܳˣҴʮ꿴С忪ʼҾ¶ķˣ⼸ҵҪҰ£ܾͨͨˣǼҵżҪ̤ˣҲûǡ
Уҽط棬ҵҾǿˣҽʮ꣬Сǻ󽫾ʮһ꣬һʣŮһʣУҾҸֱǾ䡭
ǸΪҺûãʵҿˣһ书СҲ÷ˣҾܱԼҪҪ۸һһ鱣ء
ѾѾ᲻ͬһطһ˵˺ܶࡣ
ᵽԼݵʱѾѾˡ
û뵽δǸֲôء
үӾǵٵģֶֶ۵ĶˣѾѾڼ;۳͢飬飬˵ǸͦһͦͦദģӽˮӣҪӽˮġ
Ȼôˣ̳ĹŮ϶Ҳ̫ġ
ƷԣָߣǮ׼ˡ
δȥܸС壬Ȼ˵Ǹĸ֮ý֮Եģڳ֮ǰҲҪС˽ʲô˲𣿡
ѾѾûԵֱӾͽԼС˵ġ
طǰ֮ѾѾͿʼصܽط
ǳʿǳ극ȥѵʱ˵ġ
ܶѾѾط̧֣ͷط棬һ¾ͺˣɢűŭϢ
ѾѾڣС壬ҵѣǸһŮװġ
ǸѾѾһŮװģܵɫһЩȻüͷһŮĽӪǺ𣬳ɺͳ
С壬ҲŮġ
ԼСô˫꣬ѾѾ°ۡ
˵ط棬Ů濤㿴һھӪҲͦĵģںòʶ濤ҾھӪң
Ҫûţϻ˯š
һѾѾ˵ģ˯ţܼûκοǵľ͵ͷͬˡ
УھӪѾѾھӪҪѾѾҪߣҪС
ԷȻĹŮˣҲھӪ棬᲻ʲôǹҵ
طһ˷ܵģ̧ܣ˵лллл
üͷлʲôֻҪѾѾѣֲġ
ǿɲһ
طǰʼ֪ҪһˣҪߣھӪˣҲ˵̤˵һ
ѾѾ̵췹


545 ײ췹ܡ

췹Ѿˣٸı䡣
ͬϡľѳۡѳɴˮա
ѾѾ˵ˣֻҪߣһ췹ˣСùõͳ˶֣ܲͬҲûа취
ûпܲͬġ
ѾѾĶ㣬ӵƲƲ죬ƱûѾߵ̰ӣҲŮģϿ϶ǸѾѾ˯һġ
Ͳһ˯ŵ
ȻӶô˵ˣһѾҲҷӵĻֻĬĬشһԵ͸ˡ
Ҫ췹Ҳ֮ܲģи׵Ĺء
ѾѾʱҲ
գ֮ѾѾȥ˵¡
С壬ǾӪǲкܶǸһʱʱе㾫ήңģʱʱֻǴ˻Ѫһرؿܣ
Щ죬ô֪ģ㲻ǲŸյӪ𣿡
֮Ϊ˵飬ԤıһҩƷ뵽Ӫ棬ҩƷһ֮ͻرؿܣ񫣬ɶҩƷԣҪǸһʱ䣬ûٷãˮ飬Ƿήң
ַ֢״
˵ǶǳЩҩƷűӵģ
üͷ
²С¡
ȥЩЩ֢״˴

ӪʿÿǰҲãҹҲãһദģߵҲ˽⣬ĸʲôʱЩ쳣һ˵һˣҲܿ
Ǿҳһ״̬쳣˳
ѾѾȥǰԵ֢״һģһͬǣǷҩʱȰԵĶ̣˻ûô
ֱӵı־ǵƤ񰢻ӿݵġ
С壬ǵϳ·ĶȻ󵥶ǵǵѨǶˣֻӰǡ
һģǿҩ
ӪתŹѺ²ĵطѺǡ
ܿһʿɫЩѿ
ź֮󣬺ƽʱεƷԸȥ˭ЩӪġ
ӵĹϸ񣬳оڲ˴ĶͲ
ǵľӪ棬ȻԵס
ѾѾЩҲûʲô飬Щ鷴С崦϶Ҫó
ʼȥġ
ÿĵʱ䳤ֶ࣬һֻʮ
ֻǰǻܵĸоѣģĴˣһЩѣҲˡ
ѾѾͺܵһʮظģҩ͹ȥǺȣȥط档
ѾѾ˵ҪҸС췹ģôôöûпʼҶȲˡ
طżӣѾѾ˸ۡ
ظڻǰأСֲûģĸ󽫾ʱȥ˯ģ
Ҿ͵ȵȥ㿴·ҪҪһҪҪСؼü·õ֬ˮ۹ˣڻøһСȤ׷ˡ
طֿʼǵ߶
ѾѾӣסǸңܲһ㣿
طҡͷֱ׳ܣСһͲǸˣҪҲˣǻôһ
ҲǣҲ㣬ȻǹôԼϲ˾ӦһֱŤŤܻӭģǾǽ顣
пܻ˵ġ
ҵģ뺷һûʲôֲΪʲô뺷ΪԼδҸ뺷һѣԼҸԼȡΪϻڱҪĵڱˣôߵҲ϶ġ
ѾѾܽˣ
׵Ľ͡
ھ֮ǰط澹ȻСӼ˳õĲҶĹͷϡ
ĲҶѾѾ֮ǰȹĲҶҪ㣬Ҳ߹ȥԼԼһ裬ͺ
һߺȣһ߸ط˵Լ£С鲻ǺܺãΪ˱ȲҪȥˡ
Ӫ飬ɫѿڵ顣
ѾѾɵͿسȥǵˡ
طԲԵصͷӦǣţҪô鲻õʱ򣬳ûȥȻһѰƵ
ѾѾȥʿ
طһˣطһ裬ŵģŴܵʱӪ߹ȥ
һӪڣڿѾѾոոı龲ġ
ѽطѲ嵹ϣܣĴ
һ˲


546 лȻ

ѽطѲ赹ϣܵ·ʪվ·ϵˮʱ
طװܲ·һѽĴ
ӱϣһ˲ط;Ӹµؿܣȥϵ·
üͷֱƿط档
ܴûнƣط汻ƵӴƨɸ˸ܽӴ
ʹѽѽĽС
ίؿܡ
طߣô֪ϧ񰡡
ɫ䣬վ·վ߱طٸһͷھӸ¿˵˱
䣬Դŭʲô
㡭طСֹһ䣬ͷ
šüģʲô
ˣԺذɣŮܲס
ûиŮ˵ദľ飬˵ʲôȻֲ֪˵ʲôɴʲô˵ʼˡ
ѾѾصӪڵʱ򣬾ͿطһڴСؿ
ѾѾȥʿʱɽ˳ժһЩҩݷŵϣɻؿط棺ôˣ
㲻˵ֻҪ췹֮СͿ϶ȢҵҾȥС壬ҶôˣȻΪҸƿˡ
Ҿôû𣿡
˵˵ţط
ѾѾЩͷۡ
Щƽʱܱ뺷͸һŮڿʱҪ
С
ѾѾؿط棺ȲҪȥС㻹ȥʲô
˵С鲻õҾȥҿҵÿγ˼֮ص鶼õġ
Ҿ;ǿ泩ġ
ط˵ֱ׳ɷµģѾѾˡ
ֻ̾̾ްɣͳȥԷˡ
ھӪڣÿ춼ǸʿһԷġ
ҲǸʿһԷ
طһִ
ҾûҴ⣬ҴøһСӦþͰҵˣȻҵˣǿ϶ôģû֮òǣҾֻҪһ·ȥͿ϶췹ˡ
ѾѾԼһ󷹵ĳˮˣûպã˶֪
󵱴Ҷ׼Էʱ򣬹ȶ
ŷ׻ǴϤףûܱɴϤķ
ǵɩȥ
֪ײǶ췹ģҲпס
ףɹҪһ£ǾӪҪŮװ鱩¶ȥˣСΪ˲ƻͣ϶ϳȥģʱСܾĻᶼûˡ
طһһµ˵ѽҸ˵ʲôˣҼǵҸոպʲôû˵ǰɣ
ѾѾ
ԹΪ˷ֹطȥС壬Ūɳ׾ѾѾܸһȥЩѺʿ
֮ǰڴεǸ˻˶ʮʱŻָʱʵǻЩģ֮Ҫǿ˵ЩҩֻḴˡ
Ϊ˱һҪٽӴⶫиЩйصˡ
ѾѾ߱߸˵
ܲҪطѾѾߣѾѾЩв𣿲ȻôҩˣҩడҪҳһΣҶ˵ʲôˡ
ϵͲˡ
ѾѾףţҩ֮ȷʵͻвҪ֮ԲĿܻϵ
طһ£ÿµҩ
ܣսҲҩǲǣ˱ôˡ
ѾѾҪǽɹ֮ǻ᲻ʲô֢ӰǵĽ𣿡
϶һģһῪһЩҩӰ콵ٵġ
ţ°ˣһʿȥӪٲ飬˭ҩ
֪ˣһ֪ˣҪʼϴ򣬲ⶫٻˡ
ҪдŸ˵顣
طԭΪѾѾҵ˵ˣʵҲȷʵҵˣֻ˵ܶĻûκεĻӦ
ҲζѾѾܵߣΪġ췹ʲôס
һһ˵ִҪҩǺѵģο硣
ֻҪʼˣҲܻнһ졣
ѾѾҸʯҲ˵ˡ
ˣ˹ȥ顣
ܵͷű飬ѾѾ˵ҪǻôϢھӪߡ
ܵһʿָѾѾ
ܿѧ˲ٵ󷨣ÿ춼ھӪűѾѾ֮󣬾͹ۿһʱͼһṥܵβ͡
ʱһζ
һգѾѾھӪѾ˶ʮ졣
ھзҩʿѾҵҩʿҲ񫣬Ͷ뵽ѵС
ѾѾ


547 ʮһ

ѾѾдòǺǴӦһʵõ󣬱ӦҪһЩҪǶ󷨵ܹٶһЩͺˡ
ܳԼϲű󣬻ҪѾѾһۡ
ѾѾǶôҪ飬ǹµģѾѾϲ˯Ӳһһİ֮£һ󷨴ʦ
˽⵽˺ܶ󷨵֪ʶ
űʱһҪǵָӹٵλãиָзֲ
и֮нٶϵĲģֲӦôȥ䡣
ͬʱҪζڱչռռƣԷоֻǵѵ̶ȵȡ
ЩǲҪǵء
ָӹһսµָߣôһڹ۲ָӣͬʱֲܵλá
͵Ҫ໥ϣڻͬʱ಻谭ԷԣӦͬĶλвͬ󷨣ԸͬĵоҲҪӦ󷨡
ܸ˵ڡӱпıǰһΡ
˼ģ´бӵ󷨡
Ͳõ󷨡
صҪڿͻԷ
ķӡ
ֻһܴȱ㣬Ϊȱ㣬ܶЩ
ǣһʩչ󷨣󷽾ȫûзһǰлûʤĿˣԣս󷨵ʵԲߡ
ɰͬϽģӵص㣬صȥһ󷨡
ֻѾʧϵͳ鼮϶ûмء
ѲѾΪѼʽѧϰΪ󷨴ʦѾѾ
˵νİΪŹ󣬾Ϊ֮ȡس֮ƣһν̫ǣ࣬ԣԶʮسӴܶʼ仯
ǿľһ֣ӦԸֵõоС
󷨵ĺľڣսʱ·ͨȲȷͨʶöԷս˵ֱ߳ɱҷµģڵĻ·ߡ
ϵؽӴ޾ĵˣƺ
ԣֲòȫ·߳档
νǿ֮ĩܴ³ɡʱƣڵĵоջᱻһա
˰⣬һ󷨵ʵҲǿٷһǧʮɵĴս
ÿһ󣬶ǿԶսģӦ䡭
ѾѾĽ⣬˷ܵ˵УҲûھӪ棬úһ˵󷨡
ѾѾ
˹ȻҪǫһЩԭֻҪһ󷨾ˣΪԼ۶˵һͱ
һжΪ
һһҪǴҽ̵ӮսҿԵõٻ֣
ѾѾʱǼǵԼϵͳĳߣҪֵܻġ
һһĬһᣬӦȥȥˣ˺ܾòŻشѾѾĻһлֽΪսԱϵͳֵı׼Ҫˣкôǿӳ顣
һΣϰհΣĹңûлֽҲĽ
ҵϵͳôʥĸ
ѾѾЩˡ
ϵͳôֻ֪꣬β˾л֣û뵽ȻΪԱͲ¡
ˣûлҲӰҵ
ѾѾԻֵҲôִš
ܳȴͰʿ˹
ط滹ھӪţѾѾߣô꣬ʼûܽ췹Ѿ˲٣ѾסˣطӦòˡ
ӦܼǵʮҪļ棬ѾѾ˵һ뿪ӪصѾѾ뵽͡
ӪòԶҪǾӪҲܼʱӪȥ
ټǸճھӪ棬Ϊ˴ѾѾȥصʹӦ롣
ʼǰʱ
ſӭǵľʢװ磬Ůװ֮󣬽ޱȣȻе˫ط档
һܣæΪǳЦźּܽˡ
̧šüü֮ȫİУʵ֮ǰѵΪʲôҪ֣
ۣ
Ѿط˵СʷѾѾһЦ
طЦݽסܵȻЩ
Ǹˣ֮ǰÿ춼ھӪţֻǻŮװȻֲǵˣͬʱЩͬԼ
ѾѾЦ꣬һϸӦ顣
ܽط棬˵С壬濤֮ǰŮװھӪʮˡ
濤
ܿط棬Ȼֲ֮ǰ㴩ͦÿġ
һǳط˵ġ
Ƕǵñ˳ֲ
ط˲ˣЦøɵһ

һ˽ȥԷȻǸܳɫĳģɫζȫ
ѾѾܻطȥһ¶ھӪò͵˳Եú㡣
ľӪ顣
طԸݲ衣
ѾѾ˵ĻûȤһ˳ȥڵߡ
뿪֮طŲܵ˲衣
²ͻȻ;ûȣ˵һȥ͸͸վ
ط湴æ׷ȥ
ҡͷ⺢ôô֪أ˼뿪һᶼУҪ׷ȥ
ЦЦž˰ɣ㵱겻Ҳ
ǡ
طӰʧƫſڡ
һûȵܻͿʼȲʱķ绨ѩ¡
ط׷ܣֱۣͷسЦܸ磬û뵽ѽôô죬岻ҴȥϢһᡣ
ط뺰ܸˣֻˣں˳
¶ƤȷʵЩˣþ͸˵Ϻһط֣һӦƿط˲䣬ֻ˺ܶࡣ
ɢŮζֻ롭
ȫȻûȥǱʶﲢ뷴
طȥһͷڣմ򿪿ͷȥ
ŶûüϣܱϮ

һʱ֮ɫˣѾѾʲôʱؾӪ
֪ܳˣȥңߵͷſڣһ£漴εؿ
ֻԼȻȥӪִ֡
գѹط棬·׼뿪ʱط汻ܵ·ѣ˲ϻƿ´ȥܵ
ҧ˵ǻƻŮ㲻ģԺҲ㸺𡣡
үӶõӣĬ֮󣬿ڣã
ɹһɩӵѾѾһֹꡣ
ʮѾѾٹһͿԳˣѾѾҽڡ
ҹɨɾ


548   ҽһι

ҲصҽڣЩʦͲǵǸߺͷ纮ֲС
ٱˣѧϰô꣬ҽҲгġ
صҽ֮Ҳ֪ʲôֺҽȹĴӷ÷ΪŮ
ٲȻҽȵĴС㣬ڹʢˣȴû˸˵仵뵱ǲ˵ġ
ѾѾһ֮ǰҽȵģѾѾСΪҽɣҽȱǲмġ
ɺ˵ҽ⣬ǻк֢ܶѰҽ
ѾѾҽΪ˼ʶ֢
Źˡ
ҽÿ궼µĵӣջµһҪŵӿʼѧÿһεĿˣʮο֮󣬾ͿԳΪŵӡ
ѾѾǸ˵ʮοˣŵӡ
ҽڲ䵽£ĵӡ
ѾѾ֮⣬컹εӡ
쵱һЩΪСﶼûӡ󣬾ѾѾҲǲǵõġ
ֻѾѾƯᣬͳǵġ
Щϲ
ƽҲѾѾҽвҲѾѾȥѧϰβֻѾѾһЩѾҪĹ
մȥҽһﲡ֮һԼԺӣŽྻµĸӣŭغҹɨɾ
ѾѾҽҲʶһЩС顣
ҩѾѾͲ࣬ȥ·ѾѾ֪ѾѾҪҽȣѾѾġ
ڸѾѾԺӺҩ԰ҩĲҩץӡ
ҩѾѾһͬһʱҽȵŵӣҩѾѾҪһ㣬ҩʦûҩȫɴӵġ
вˣҲҩһ߿š
ںѾѾҩƲƲ죬˵ʦ̫ˣǹѧҽģϽ㵱Ѿһ
û£͵ûˡ
ѾѾν·ûйϵһ
Ȼ鷢ܶΣѾѾÿζǵһҩЩǡ
û𣿡
ѾѾһ공ǰץһëë棬Цû£û涨ӲʦѾ߾ҪܳͷֻҪûĹأͷҲҵĶ֡
ҲҪҽѧʲôҽҽڵĴѾѾӹҽѡ
ҩеӹѾѾϵëëŵ¨
ҩﳤëë棬ɹ֮Ҳܹҩĵġ
춾ҩҩİˡ
ҽȲ˵ҩҲҩ
˵ҩ׬Ǯûҩ׬Ǯࡣ
ֻҪˣҽȵĴ˾;ÿ
Ͼټһɽȣ鶼Ҫӵġ
Щëëϴжԣ˵ƤĿСʹ֢״ɳʱá
ëëĶҩͺЩǮ˼ҵĹСϲרŻŪˡ
ңûϽҹ
ٶȴ
ǰһδҲǰһζһЩŭ
ҩһ£ǵؿѾѾ
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ѾѾ£Ӧȥ˵ˣҲδػôûΥҽڵʲô涨
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ҩؿѾѾ̫侲̫ˣҪʦӺңŵƨƨߵܹȥˡ
ѾѾǰһĳץˣվߵһ࣬ҳӣҩҲŶ׹ȥ
̬չںѾѾ֮ѾѾǲ϶ŭܹģȴûС
˶ҩ԰аʱˣ춼û
ת𣿡
ҩ⻰˵̧ͷȻͽסϻץһֻӣѾѾ·ӴѾѾ·϶ûע⣬˵ѾѾ㿴ôˣѵɽʲô·ˣ
㿴Ҳȥˣôô¡أҪٰʲôһǸϽȥ
ѾѾԣ̧ȷʵɽȵ˶λɽȥˡ
ҽȵҪĵطرҪ¹ɽȵĴ£ȥóϯľֻмϸ
ѾѾҽŵǵһοҪɽȵһȥĴ¡
ҲЩ棬ֱϵһֻƨŵҩ¨վǹȥ

ֿҩȻҲȥģϾֻҪǸˣӳԹϵջġ
̫Զˣǹȥ鲻ᶼ˰ɣ
ҩ԰λڸңңһϣȻõֱ߾еҪȥȴҪƵ棬ߵһߵĶ£ȥС


549 ѡ¹

ҩʱɽڵ˶Ѿ˶ɽˡ
Ҫǿֱӷɹȥͺˣ˵ɽȵĹҲ֣ôὫҽȽֵطأƽʱɽ￴úõˣҪȥ죬һ·˷ѲʱʱŹȥ
ҽҪôֵĵ棬ҩһֱǾԹġ
ѾѾ˸ֱӶ˵§ҩ
ҩľ֮УѾѾѾ˸ɽȵҩ档
ˣˣѾѾôô㾹Ȼɡ
Ṧҩ͸һŹ˶˷֮С
ѾѾǵ֮Щõ˻ɽ¡
ھֻмϡ
㰲
ѾѾûỹ˷ܴеҩߵ˸Ľ䣬׼ĳԹϡ
ҩ꣬ѾѾѾȥˣæ׷ȥ

ڣɽȵ˶Ѿ롣
Щ̱̫ϲĴϸεĻ顣
վǰ΢̧һ̨ϣ˵ǵ½ҽȵĵӣҲкܶҽڴ˺ܳʱĵӣӦö֪ҽȵĹѾʧʱ䡣
ʱһֱǼϸҽڵĴСˡ
ҽԨһɣûйȴ֮Ȼ޹
ҸλϸˣĿǰҲȷ᲻ôڹ֮ǰǾҪѡһ
ѡҲˡ
֮ǰ˵ҽȵδ˵ģ¹ѡҲҪһѡ
ǵ¹ǡ
ѾѾûҪѡµĹˣ¹Ҫ˵ѡ˵ѡ˭ǵ¹أ
ѾѾĵӦţ֪϶ǡ
ҩһͬģ϶İǲŸճΪŵأôǡ
֪˭ôͳΪҽȵĹˡ
ҽȵĹԨ˵ǰҪģɼλôߣôк
ҽڵǸ־˲඼ԼгһܹΪҽȵĹġ
ҩѾѾ⣬Ҳ顣
˵¹ѡʱͣһ£¶һ˿ζЦݣ˵ҽµĹѡǡ졣
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һֱģҪ˹ܸдڵĹ򣬵ʱ鷳ˣòֱҽڰϳҽȵİɣ
ҩ𾪹ֵǵؿѾѾ
ѾѾҲЩ𾪣Ȼ֪ҽڻͦõģû뵽Ȼôãõֱӵء
ѵҽĶӹҽӹز
ҩĻѾѾӦû£Ҳ򲻹ңҽҲûҺãôġ
ôʲôһҾԼ̫ëˣҶͻᷢţǵǸġ
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ԺһҪѧϰС
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ҩ
һͺѡ
ˣѾѾ˵ˡ
ΪµĹҶȥϲһӾͱ˰ΧסֹάĻǲҪǮһ
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¹ܿҾɢ
ոյĽ棬ѾѾҩվԭ
ҩѾѾʲô£Ҫ𣿡
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ҹȥ
ҩȥҪ㱳ҩһ쵽֪͵
ҩҪѾѾʲôʱҪѾѾΣգȥæɶߴʦ
һ˲ʦֱˡ
ʦû˵ʲô㻹ᱻ˰ڿǹĵˣɽڶ֪Ľأ˵кܶ˹άˡ
Ҫľ͵ԼͺˣҽѾͷʮ֮һûУһˮ㣬ȥ֮ҪǲҪ㱳ҩ꣬ͱ뿪
ҩҧŴεؿѾѾ˵ţѾѾԲˡ
ѾѾǰɢؿһۣ£
ɢؿˣȻƲ۾
һֱΪҽƯ죬޷ܵľ˱ҪƯ
ǡҽȺá
ѾѾΪѾЩŤ
ֺ˵ţѾҽȵĹҪǲ뱻ϳҽȣҪҵķԸȥҵ·ϴˣϴ֮󣬰ҵĹͰóȥˢɾ
ȥҪ˵ľЩҾˡ
ѾѾɴؾֱܾת뿪
㡭
ҧ߬ȭͷ
ˣʾȥҸҶϾʦͽϵϢ
ҽڵĵҪǱʦ֮󣬳µʱȻûҵµʦᱻҽȡ
һԭʦʦϾϵζкܴ⣬Ҳ˸ٵʦҸϾϵ˻µĹ
ҪһǣһʦϾϵɽڵ˶ūҪ˵ѾߣһֱҵʦΪֹ
ҽڵ˶ر𽲾ʦصʦĻû˸ҲģʦϲϾϵ
һоͻ군ˡ
ܿ˳ȥ
ոջȥֺѾѾˣԴѾѾ̬һӾͱˡ
ιһ£Ҫҩջ𡣡
æ֮ҰĦһ½ţô·Ŷˡ
Ҫϴ裬Ҳһ±аϴһ·
ѾѾճɽ棬ͺüΧ
ҩʦѺڷ￴飬ΪѾѾǳʦעʱ˳
Щ˵ĻزҲˮգҲԼ˭أҲѾѾ£ޣѾѾҹȰҰʦ·ϴˡ
ʦǸ˿ˣ·Ҫֳϴ·ˡ
ڣϴˣѾûʦˣҿԸʦ˵˵㵱ͽܡ
ոһֱûʲôѾѾҩĻص˵Դ
ţоӣǲģҪգ
ˣˣҸովǿЦģв𣿸ҿɣ˵յÿˣҶûԼ
ԡ
ѾѾҩһ˵һ߳ҩʦסԺȥ
ѾѾͽˣ֮ǰסĵطҲܼסֻܸҩ˯һ顣
գѾѾıŭѹġ
ɶĸ˵ȻԺʺ


550 

գѾѾҩıŭѹġ
ɶĸ˵ȻǵԺʺ
ʺ
ѾѾ⻰ʶס˱ӣ·򿪷һ࿿·Ĵӳȥ
һһƶ˵ţҸұ֤ʺǳùģ㾹ȻôεˣԺûѵġ
ѾѾһʩչṦһ߿ڣӣѵҪɨǱǸûѣ
ɨȥɨʺ
ⱲӶǲܵġ
ЩЩʲô˰ԺʺˣȥŪôòҶӹİΪŪôµģǶ鷳
ѾѾ˵ǲǣ
ҩƿŽͬʱһɳζһӵŭҪѾѾ˵
ȻȴֻпյĴ̺ʹڷҡҷĴ
ҩһӵ죡
ҩʦѣ˹Ѿͷ⿴ʲôϽԺӸɨɾˣҪ𣿡
Ŷȥɨ
ԭѾѾһɨģֻԼȥ˸ɨѣ˸ˮͰ
ʦ˵ţǱ˼ӵö죬㲻ӡ

ѾѾ뿪Ժӣһ֦ҶïĴڴ׳ѾϣȣϢĸСĽޱȵ⡣
·˿ܲڶԵˮһ
мڵĵ߹ϻٶһЩ
Ѿļз߲ˣȻҲһЩȽ϶ĵĶ
˻֮󣬾ڴϢһᣬ
ҲҪȥǸҵİɣ
ϻ֮ǰ˵¹ϲҲҽȥ˿ֻū£ʱǺأˣ뵽ǹͽܻҪȥֺء
û뵽Ȼôϲڸĵһ¾ҪϾʦͽϵ
ⲻԲմ⣬ȥ۸
ҪҲúñ֣¹⣬ԺôԼڹڵĵλ
Ҳôģ¹ѡʱϾϵ˵¹ĺܲϲ¹ϲˣǲϲˡ
ҺòײȥҵһЩģҾȫˡ
·ϣһװ壬Ҫ壬ͷͻᵹһƿҩ϶ġ
ԺӵˮҲҩһ֮ĶӾͻʹüˡ
ȻǿǧܷŹһҪѧвС

һһҽڵƺûһҽеģе˵ˡ
ԩ޳ֻΪֺôԸ㣬ҩʦҲ޹
һɣȷ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
ѾѾҧһβͲݣԣ̧ͷһֻɵؿӦҴ¸¾뿪ˡ
ҽĿֻΪ˼ʶ֢֮ǰֻҪ͵ȥβʱҵһ͵͵͵ظһ
춼ΪˣɽڵΪֺ춼һ֮ǰͻ졣
ɽ˷ʱ䣬һȺƷеһ飬ѾѾʵʹҪ뿪ɽȡ
һһɻ󣺡ΪʲôҪ¸뿪¾뿪𣿡
ѾѾѾѾ
µˣҩ˹һû˾ͿʼѾѾ
Щɳơ
ȻѾ˺һ
ѾѾĶ
ѾѾ¶һĨεЦشһһ⣺
ҩʦ֪ߵýˣͻᱻԣҲںȻܵˡ
ҩʦȻԼǸ򣬿֪˶ΪֶûŻҽûһ¥ġ
ǡÿ԰ⶾ
ֻΪĶͣʱ̫ˣⶾʱ΢᳤һЩҪһҡ
һһѾѾʶô꣬ѾѾ˵ֻ˵һ룬Ҳ˲ס
ѾѾƣ̧һʱһ΢ȥһһ֦ЩҶɳɳŵӴܣвҶȥ
ҩڴ·ƬҶͷϣͷժҶʱһۿѾǸɫӰ
ϲҶˣ˵ԭѽôȥİ
ҩҪȥѾѾ˵οοԵ飬ţԼ²ģҪԼ˵Ļڿ϶Ǻѹ˵ģ;ѾѾӦҲӡ

ѾѾתͷһۣס˱ӣ㲻ˣϽȥʦɻɡ
ҩҡͷæ䣺Ѵˡ
ҩίתܾѾѾ⣬ΪʲôҪסӰ


551 ͷ

ѾѾڴһɾ˰졣
һֱɵӶ˲
صҩʦԺ档
ΪһֱҲѾѾѾȥԷˣԺҲɨɾ
ҩ÷ѷ˶кѾѾȥԷ
Щ˶ǿھˮģ
ѾѾָԺΨһһھҩ
ҩͷ
ţʲô𣿡
û¡
ѾѾ˵ţߵߣھϷˮͰȥװһͰˮţֽˮȥˮͰźá
䣬ʵǴϵͳȡһɰɫСƿӣƿӣİɫĩ˽ȥ
һеʱǱҩΪҩδ
ҩ۵꣬óһһСƿӡ
ߵԣƿﵹŰɫӣݹȥҩԼһţʦҲһš
˵꣬ѾѾԼҲһš
ҩӣѾѾʲô
ѾѾ۾գһ£ֱ˵ǡ
ҩɵˡ
ʦǺϲǣҩСؿܣȷԼʦûйֱӽҩŵһûλǰ£¶Ż˵ҰǷŵʦͲ֪Ҳûζ
ҩʦûҲûζ
ҩոսʦ˹
ѾͷҪ͵ҵ𣿡
Ųأ̵̫̻ˡ
ߣΪһ𣿡
ž㣬б¾ͲҪҰ
ҩ˵˻ѣֱ׳
ѾѾһۣͷ
ҩʵǲģŹճ˺ÿɫ˵ζģڼ
ѾѾһһ
Ķ棬ҩʦҲһ
ѾѾһۣ뿪ʼв˳ԡ
ҩþˮʱ򣬲ٵӶǿ˵ġ
һ극ܵԿԺĵط׼ѾѾǼʹڵϴӡ
ɵ˺һᣬȵѾѾǶ극ˣҲûжһ
ҩˣȷԺҩˣ
˵İҩʱ㲻Ҳһ߿ŵ𣿡
أĿҩþˮˣ
˰˾ˮףϴˣ˵ġ
ǲûµİҩʦأϴʦȥҩ۵Ҷײǽˣʦʱֹҡ
ĻҾ군ˡ
ѵҩŪˣ
϶ǵģӦþôҩˣǳ˲ûʲôӦġ
ܵİɣҪȥȺȣ
ãʦнҩҪĺȳˣȥʦýҩҪû⣬˵⾮ˮһ¶ûУǾͼҩ
Ǿ棬ضһһ˵š
ѾѾ극ͣĵţһ䣬˹ǡ
ѾѾЦʲô
ҩҲԱˣһ̧ͿѾѾЦӡ
ѾѾüЦҾҪˡ
ʲôʱȥ˰ɽҲûкӣҪȥĵ㰡ô֪أûڱϿţղһֱϵ𣿡
㡣
ѾѾվ
ոճ극ҪȥҸط˯˳ſϷ
һϮ۵ĺɫѣҡڵشҩʦǰ뿪
ҩʦһѾѾٿԼͽܣֿʼ̾ƣҶˣͶģôôأûҽãûˣϾȻôࡣ
˼ң촩һôҡĺɫѣȻ˶Ʋ۾ˡ
Ҫǵͽܵÿһˣҵҽ϶ܹͻͽ
Լʦҩ죬ʦʼȥʰ
ϴ֮󣬰ȥúץһ߻Ҫȡߵҩ
ҩʦ
ҩԹӦǡ
ܿҩϴɽ뿪
ҩʦչء
ԺļϤϤ߹˵ھ͹ȥˮ𣿡
˹ȥ˴Ҷԡ
ѾѾҲûԶֻߵ˸ߴɽϣû˻ᾭģܶĵط˿ŴʯͷţζʮؿһȺɵܽҩǵԺĴ˾ˮ
Ȼûȥһȡ
ֲողҩȥҪҲҪۡȥԭš
һһͨѾѾ۾һȺ飬ʱȻ
֮ǰھˮȷʵͦˣɻǱѾѾӵĶҩҪˡ
ҪֻǼӵĶҩ֮󣬶Ƕʹϼ죬ҪнҩˣҪʹϼء
ѾѾµҩһ
˲к͵ԭжҩĶԣҩҲһϵвҪΪһûнҩ
Ͼֻģȥҩ
ȵʮʱ֮󣬶ҩԶ⿪ЩҪ黹ǻк֢ģʱھĸо
˶ʹҪ尾һЩ
ѾѾûӦ
壬ԱԸõؿȺ˵ıݡ
ˮ˹ˣǴһȰɣȻĻҲˣ´Ҳȥ͵ʦĽҩˡ
ãһȾһȡ
һȺŮһ˺һڵؽװˮưȥֱʮȫˡ
ǸҪ¶˵˹˰ӾͻзӦˣҸطһɡ
õ˴ҵͬ⡣
ʮȥҵطߵ֮ǰסԺǰ棬һܴĿյأǾʹ
û£һˮкȻͱߵ˿ʱҪЬӣЬӷŽҧһ˲ֿʼŷҡ
˳ȥ
һһ߰ǵԼ·󺰣ҿҰҲҪģһ㶼Ҫġ
±ͬʱҲܵŵʮһ궼û̫ķӦʱ䣬ǵͿʼȫܿƣŸղŵ꼸һģһ顣
ɽĴܡ
һ˾͹ȥʼ˵ԼΪ֪ܡ
֪ȻҶôˣ϶أҵĴ̶ʪյˣҴȥɡ
ҸոճԷʱ˸ƨ̲סˣҿڶģҪ𣿡
ʦʱƲס˸磬鶼絽ˣҶûҸʦ˵ʦѲ˶ˣ㿴ʦҪȥ˱ķǲرóԡ

ÿ˶ܣЩǼȲԸ֪ģһ֪֮󣬿ܾͻ˿ܻ״̬
ʱļ尾ԶԶϵļ尾ʹࡣ
Щ˽ԼΪ֪һ汩¶ֻ˵Լá
Ӳ£ҲӲ¡
ҪȻӱ
ˡ
ѾѾת뿪
·мֻЫϣһ綾ֱ߲ۣƺȫûһԹԵš
Ȼ߶ס
ɻ
Ǹͷô
һһҲˡ
ɽǵĴӾͦԶͣظ·ҲҪ졣
ͷô
ҽȵĹϸ񣬳ҽڵˣ˵ȶǲܹģͷôģ
ͷδѾѾһ¨ӣ¨װһЩץĶƵɽϵһ򣬳߹ȥ


552 ʦҴ

ͷδѾѾһ¨ӣ¨װһЩץĶƵɽϵһ򣬳߹ȥ
Ҫȥ𣿡
һһѾѾ
ѾѾҡҡͷȥ
ͷһֱصģڴô꣬ǼԲסģȴһֶûиǡ
Ƕֻܺͷ
ôȥˣɲ֪ͷ֣Ϊһ˶ϲԱ˵顣
ǰϲҲϲ
ѾѾֱϲƵĶ˦ȥҵط˯ˡ
ֿֿ꣬ʼ˸Ƿ
ҩȥʦץ궾߻ǼѾѾر˳۵ĵɽڷһǱݸ۾Ķ˵ֶܣҪЦˡ
Щ֮϶챻ҳЦģЩǻá
ҩ·ϵļŸʦ˵֮ޱƶܽһ䡣
ҩʦŶߵͷһָɴȡߵ
ԣһҩ˵ҪȥȺȾˮ
ȻһֱڷɲͲ֪Ժ﷢顣
ǼΪǽԺ͵ˮͿ֪ˣ첻֪Щˡ
Ǽں˾ˮûһͱġ
ӦþǸСﶯֽš
ҩʦЩϧ̾˿
˵ôͱôأˮﱻ˶ԲҪڣӦþͶʹҪصˡ
˵Ǻ˾ˮģҲ˰һ᲻Ҳ
ҩˣ˻˼æץԼʦ֣˵ʦһҪȾңҲһԺҶûҽȥˡ
׳գ
ҩʦһۣøͣѾѾôܻ¡
һ˲սҩüϷʵòҲһҲһЩݵܣ˯򴲣ֱҵʳŪʲôӦеĶ
ҩŵúһ֣ûУûУôܡ
ŶǲûˣҪҲûʲôݵ飬жҲû£Ƕһ㣬һһߴѡ
Ⱥжһ߽һߴһЩ˶ֱӵĶһŶӡ
ҩҡͷŲҪ
ҩʦѾߵĶ߶ȥҩ˵ˣȥߴˣϾͳ߸Ū֮ȲҪȥһãǱӦû鷢ġ
ҩʦҽȴʮ꣬ǰʱ䶼ҽǵĹȻҽȹòӡ̡
ո͸ǸԺӰȥ
뿪ͻȻһȥá
йҪˡ
ҩҲˣҲ˲ϻ᲻ж飬ͷãʦһᾡ촦ߵġ
Ϊ˳ԹϣһӰѾġ
ҩʦҩ߻һˮǸմӾġ
סҩѾѾ֮ǰҪȾˮ

ãȷʵҩʦ²Ͼͻһϵ
ͷҽȣֻǡóѰһҩģҽ棬ҽȵĵʲôģ˵ڱҽµĹ۸
ԼǵѾѾѾͷǽҵġ
뵽Ѿͷ뿪˴Ӷ˻ûлȥ뿴Сûĵģ᲻ҽڣͽˡ
ҽȾģЩڿԽҽȣˣֱӾʹһû֪˽
һ뵽ɽЩ˳ȥץһЩ
ץ͹ˡ
ʦʦҡԲ𡭡Բ𡭡Ȼ֪ʲô֪һҴˣʦһҪԭҡ
ֻҪʦ˼ҲˣͿ϶Ϊˣʦԭ¡
ͷһͰѴ˽
ͷûʼ˷ܸͱͷϥϣֱӹˡ
֮ϾͺԾؿʼǸ
ͷĴӣҲͷʮһͽܵͷͷġ
ֻЩͷˣҽҲôֻʤҽȹģͷͷΪϡ
ͷмĽ˿ľϣϣȻ˵ţ˵˵ʲôɣҸջʲô֪˵һ¡

ĪЩίʲô֪һʱ
ȶˣˡ
ᣬŬȥ䡣
ʦΪ˼ҳ֮ûеһʱҵ𣿡
ʦôӣ
ͷûӦȥˣΪҵ𣿡
ΪˣʦŲ
ͷޱںֲ֣
ԥ˵ţΪҴ·ÿ


553 ˭ѡ¹

ͷ̲סһȥ
ϡ
˵˲ˡ
˲ð
ؽš
ίʦʲô˵ô֪ˣھȻѯʵĻᶼ
ΧкܶҽȵţǺܶ඼ҽȸմʱҽˣȻǼǵǵĹ˳ʲôģġ
ͷ̤õķΧʼȥ֪ͨϣͬʱҲȥ֪ͨˡ
˹֮󣬾סñϣһ֪ϢϾ͹ˡ
Ǽͬһʱ䵽
ʱ򻹴ԼĴӹӸߵʱҲǰóģ˹֮ҽڵĵλٲȻ͸һһ
ЩĿˡ
һʹһڹеλСʵǸǰǰôˣ
ǰ˵һΣ˵ʦǰ
СͷƢҲһͽܡ
֮ǰͷڵʱ򣬴Ҷ֧쵱㷴Զûá
ͷڻˣ˵ֻҪʦһ죬һֱҽȵĹƨ
˵ôͷҲܹ
ʵʲôǰѵֹǸʲô
ѾŪôˣ߳˵ϹãҾ죬Ǵѡҽȵι
ģһ߾ܣҽȹõġ
˵⻰ҪΪȨҽιҽھ˵㡣
ϹˣҲֻܵǰѣ㲻ͬҲı䲻ʲô
ͬʱҲüȻͷܶҽ뿪ôʱ䣬һ㶼ġ
˵꣬΢Цſͷ
˭֪ͷԱߺݺݵһڣޣҶûˣǾͱѡ¹ˣѡĻô
ͷĳûʲôӡ󣬿ɶֻӡġ
ԾڹڸǸӹҽˣӹҽҪҽȵĹҽȿɲͳӹҽˣ
ΧתһȦԭôģһ϶ˣЩ󣬾Ͳ뿴
תʵ˵ô¡
žؽǰ˵
ͷˣ֮󣬺˴ϹԭҪģܺãȻﶼʸҽȵĹˣϵĶ϶Ҳܽ⡣
˵գͷһźɫӶϵ档
϶ûзӦҩڿǻڻˡ
ҩ豻յ˲䣬;巢ȣһ˲Ǳ˽ؾס۵ðɫף촽Щѡ
ңҡ
ֻܿͷġ
ͷһ߿һϻø˵
ͷǰȺ˾վʹú뿪
ʣµһ˵
һˡ
ءʦҪˣʦ߶ˣġ
ҩʦҲˣͶȺ档
ҩʦʦǵĹ֮ǲǾͲܼˣͲ۸ѾѾˣ
ҩʦûҩôֹۣšü˵ĹǰҽȵĹȥѡģζģϹˣҲܶҡĵλ
ҽбҪϸصĹأһҽȹ˾ҽһˣҽڶ˵һһµĹˣԭĹζѾǹ
ʱҽͨĵӲࡣ
ҽڵͲлȨ
֣ԽϹϳҽȡ
ҩ𾪣ʲôҽھȻôֵĹأҪ֪λΪȻˣȻеλģҲҪģƾʲôֻһҽȣѡ¹Ϲͱûдڸˣ
ֹؾ˭ģ
ʦƮƮؿһۣ˵ϹԼµġ
ҩ
ͷˣʣµ˶
ʣµȻҲв֧ġ
ͷҽȵʱΪֱ̫ˣеʱʱҪҽʹӣȻᱻܾ
ǻҩġ
ͷ뿪ҽȣһ֧˲ųͷ
˸˵ȻϹˣѾʲôȨûˣвġ
ûҽˣԸ⣬ȫ԰Ϲϳҽȵġ
һЩݵĹâ˵˵ˡ
ȴϡ
Ѿܵڵϣĵӹ졣
ǹϹʱҪڣܷŴϲܣ˽ϴصԺ棬ԸȥϽⶾ
ϣǵҲ˹ȥ
֮ԿԵҲΪ϶˵ҽ˵ãһۼһѾ˵˾Ȼˡ
ڼλ϶ȥϰѹ鿴ȫ޲ߣ˶Ŀⶨϡ
üͷǰȥ

ҩʦԼԺӣȥ֮ѾѾѾԺˡ
һںȲ衣
ҩһɫ䣺ѾѾȵĸòǾˮɣ³㣬ˮж㲻ܺȵġ
ԱʦĬĬؿһۣԱŲһ
ѾѾһյıﵹ˲裬ݹȥҩ𣿡
ôûж
ҩ˵꣬ʦ˵ⶾѾѾµģŶѾѾԼµĶôԼأ
ӹһڣѾѾ˵ոǱ߷ˡ
ѾѾü΢΢Щȣ˵Ϲˣ
һΪѾûء
һҽȶŪӹҽȣ϶ûٻġ
ҩֺһڲ裬ϣ˵˵Ϲ᲻ᱻأԭΪϹ֮ûͲҫˡ
û뵽ҽȻôĹء
ѾѾαϣͷ죬赭д˵˭֪أ

Ϲ֮ų¶֮ûгֹ
ɽھڴϹѾԼǹʵԸ뿪ҽȡ
ôһλøӵˡ
ɽ˶Խȥֺ죬Ҳӵص⡣
֮ԸϽⶾΪɣļλ϶ܽȥЩϣҲûټˡ
˶ΪܸβôҼҽ˵á
ɽڣϲ˾ѾѾѾѾҩʦԺ档
պˮˮжûٳˣɻ˹ѾѾǵ鷳
磬ǵԺǻ˺ܶĶ
ѾѾ𴲵ʱῴͷ߶һߡ
ҩʱкܶЫӡ
ǳŵʱ򣬾һСľͻ塭
Ժ棬Цˡ
ҾͲǻôƤҽֻҪҽһ죬Ǿȥ¡
ԣǵԺӶߵʱ򱻹ˣҵ˵ͷ


554 ֮ҽ

ҽйȥһҽ顣
컹˵ˣ¸һҳͺܸߵύȥ
ЩҩԺĵӶҽ⼸нµӡ
ҽȹʧ˵ϢǰѾֵ˾֪ҽ츳һЩ԰˶Ը⵽ҽ
ҽ⼸ֻеһЩҽ츳Ƚһĵӡ
Щӱн֮һʼҲϤģʱһǵʦʼǣѧʱҲӦ¡
ɽڹʵҲãھȻע⵽ˡ
һĶÿĲѡ
Щע⵽ĵӣԵظ̫̾ˣƯҽָߣĵӡ
ҿ϶Ǽʹҽͱ˵ãԴԣǹˣһҪúýѵ
ԣҼõĹˣκǹߵˣҶһŹġ
һͲ췢ˣϵıúܣԶԶؿȥ͸аڿһ
ԶԶĿǵ˾ѾѾˡ
ѾѾΧһǵĹʱӵ±ϵһô˯ˡ
һһ棬㻹ǱԶˣ㿴Щʦֵܶҳϣ
ѾѾѾϣĵؿһȺ֪첻ڣڱ̬꣬ڣֲǳĵħ֣кã
˵ţ۾˯
һһ
ԽԽˣ
һһһִܸУԼϵͳҲ̫ʧˣȻһô
˯Ҳ˯ʲôƺĮһ
ԺҩѾѾķԸЩϴĶﶼЩ嶼һʦ˵һʹװ˺ܶ඾¨ĵС·ɽ

ɽĴŴмĵžž졣
ǵһеɫ԰ףſſһֻܿͬϡ
ţţҽҽ
ҽ˿صģÿն˵ҽ͸ȥš
ܿſˣ˱˽
ƺúأߵļƺ书ǿģһ˿ŵˣֱڵɽϡ
ѾѾüЩ˾б·ʱʶؿһۡ
һ۾ͿǸвˡ
ǹһĨĻȡ
һһûע⿴Щɻ󣺡ڳЩʲô
ѾѾûлش𣬷Ǹǲʲô˹𼦽ʲôģ
һһͷеģڿûˣǸ绹治ڶǸˡ
һһЩʧ䡣
ѾѾ˸ۣ˯
ҽȾǴ磬ҽ
ҽҽ
磬һҪסҽһܹκġһ
һ߳ɽܣһߴС
ĺ쳹ɽȡ
ʱĹҽڵ˶֪һλ񼲣Ĳˡ
ҽڵļλԶ֣Ҳ޲ߡ
ۿҪʱˣߵߣ˰ó˼룬˵ɫۿɼٶȱú

ллҽ֮
ǵ֮ҽ
ҽȻҽ˵ã
һʱ֮ѾѾѾ˯һ߾ʹֶ֮
һһ첻ǸӹҽЩںʲô
ΪѾѾͲܸȥ֣ڵҲֻһЩ˶ѡ
ѾѾժһݷŵҧţ˫ֽ濿Ժ׺棬š
ûлشһһĻ
һһ̲ס̾˿
ھཫŮϸһŮ֮͸Լˣ鶼Լ˵
ӡ
һһ֪ѾѾ϶ʲô֪ģǲԸԼ
ô
ô
ֲʱ⵹øСʱһôɰ˼˰ʱش
ҽŲǸĳ˵ģ˭ǹž˭ġ
֮ǰҽڻһֱ˾쵱ǵĹеʵϾ̫ˣҲûʲôɾ͡
ʵںѽҽϵһ顣
˵˶ȻˣпҽδôֵĶҲǳֻ̬ȵġ
һ仰ۼΪʵۼģͿܲʵ
ΪǼʱ̫죬ҶˣΧ˹
ۼ֤˼൱ɫĳϸ˿ȴһ취ûС
ҲԼԹȴ˵õʲô֪
ͬʱˣ˰ʱҵĹͽ˶ûа취ҽε˾Ȼ
ֻãǵ֮ҽǵ֮Ĺ


555 ־ΪĽѰҽ

콫һ˴ӹŹϢҽڴˣҽҲ÷з
˵ҽȵιҽ˵ãõҽǧŷˡ
˵µĹҽϹҪ˵ãϹθһĲҲҪһʱɣ¹ֻһʱͽһҶβõĲκˡ
ʮ֮ٽĽϾɽڣҲǸڵĶؾͻᷢ
ûа취ֻдȥ˵ˣΪ˻Ҳɳ˴Ѱҽ
Щ˴඼ֲҽȸ⻰˫һ
һ־ͳ죬ڻʳڱϣ⹤ͦԺУȻͱɳʲôҽʱ޿̲ܹصʹȥ
˵˶ܿҵҽ
һ·˹ѯʣո˵ģҽȵ¹ҽıϹҪ
·˾Ǹոո˵ҽȵİ˵𾢵ˡ
˵÷·ǸκõĲһ㵸ģȻܵҽȹ˱ҽ˵õģҽ϶ǲɵģҽȵϹҽҪǺõģͲ뿪ɽȶûˡ
ڵ¹ɱζˣҽҲ˲١
˵ֻڵ¹䱻֮Ϊҽˣ˶ܾȹģǸ˾ҲˣҲ¾;ȹˡ
ҽиĹϰյĸ
ԺҲõԼ˻ûҽˡ
Ȼȥ֮ҵøЩߴð˴˶дţͳͳʰᵽҽСˣҪҪҲᵽҼҵͦģһ㽨ӡ
ֻ֪ҽǲһҽ־ͳԼҪĴ𰸣һѷϻ֮ڵȵԷʱ͡
룬Ҵææ˵һټ뿪
ȥ־˵˸ȥҽȣ˻ȥϢ
ǣ

ҽͥУҶҪʶһ˵е¹вûģǵ¹
־ͳ˹ʱ򣬿ľһƬȺ
ЩΪ˵ҽϢûٵƽʱҽ涼ǱȽģһֻܾʮѰŶѡ
òŸոЩ˵Ļˡ
ҽɽ棬ôô˹
ҽڣϣм֮µļмֶСôã졣
ϱѡΪѯʣʲôʱȬǿԽȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷʱУϹµҩȽϰԵҪ˴ϵҲǷ˺ܶ˼ŽϴӹŹ˻
ڴҪĻûκ˽ȥУȻЩɾĶȥΣϵΣ
ЩߣϹҲǵģ϶ôãôĶأǴʲôôͲĲ𣿡
ĳ̾Ϲǰʼ͹ִԵ˵һģڻ֪ҽȵѾҲȻģҲãǴҲѾϹΪˣԺͿרĸ¹ҽȷˡ
峤ϵͷûϹǲʣҲͱǲˣԺҽȾֻһϹ
϶Ǵҽȸմʱ͸ͷߡ
ҲǶͷԹ
ǰҽȵôͷӣв
ǽգôҽҽǾ;ѡ¹ȷ顣
һ֣ʱʱءšһȵҶˣʳһ⣺ǼأǶϹԽ̳ģҽڳϹ˭ϣԴϹ֮Ҳ͸ʧˡ
Ǹÿڵ鲻ûȥ
šüģһᣬڣҸɵǱһȥ̸̸ʱҲλ̸̸ʲô뷨Ҫ뿪ҽȣҲ
ҪϹκζҽȲ飬ҲŹǡ
ϣ˵öԣ
ϣ˵úã

ڵӣӢ
εĻٿС˵꣬Ǹϰβ顣
ĺûᣬǰϰմˣԨ˾ҽ
żϸ˵ǴŵӸɽȥЩǿȶ֣Ա߿ţ˳ָǡ
ϹϰĿеĵλ֮ô챻ҡΪ̫°
µ޷Ĳ֢ҽۣ֮ŻȥΣһŲӴ


556 

ǶЩƴֵĲˣܾǳס
ЩЩǳˣܾ֮󣬱ȥܻʲôȣͽ֮Ļ˳ȥ
ϰҲͽŽɡ
ҪľҪϰĿʣµһ㻳ɣҪϹ׵رȥһҽˣѺ

ҽҽ̫࣬ܶŽģֻɽ֧ȥ
ʱ򣬾Ѿмλ߸˰ҩ
ֵʱ⼸æվغã
ڰ֣Ǽ
Ǹҽȵ¹û뵽ȻôᣬôƯԳˣУ
ոոǰĴĸ˵һرõĴţҽ϶ߵģҲ͵ô
ϰĵһ˫˫۾ϡ
ɽסô꣬ǵһοҽȵĹأǰĹ󰮴ǵģڵʱҾûо¹һЩЩСϰչЩСӼǡ
Ϊǰúñ֣һȥ˸λӸ˿
ȥһ£˵ϸһЩ⣬һңҹȥǱ߿Щѧϰûõĵӣǻˡ
˵ţһߵ߹ȥ
ʱʱ˵䡣
磺ƵϸһЩ
һЩõҩ
Ȼȸ̿
ǣϰǶ۸Ӻˡ
־ͳñȽȺ档
ͳ쳤øߣԿȺǰ飬صͷ
ǲҽҽ¶ܸߣչͨϰնôϸģȥСү϶Ҳģ
ߣȥ
ȥûиʲô˿ͳʹ˹ȥ
ֱ˵⡣
캰˶Ϲ￴ţͳɽ
ɽ˶æȥǰˣЩûȥֵģԼķﱻ߶书Щҧˡ
ҧ˾ˣЩϻЩֵķĩմЩĩ֮󣬶ֻʬһڴʲôˡ
ҩˣѾѾҲҪȥұĵط˯
ҩһ飬ǵԺ档
ҩĵطɽ¿
غѾѾ
ѾѾǸʲô˰ָ׳ģϻŽӦòϵ˰ɣôһ𣬻ɽѵҪǸȢ𣿡
ҩΪԼĲ²𾪼ˣŵɫЩס
ѾѾб۾ɽ¿һۣܿջĿ⡣
ϴ··ģҲǼҵӳģĿǰǸɫֲϵ·Ϊ۸һİ󣬾ֻھǳۡ
ǸǾˡ
һҺܲһˡ
ˣ쵱ʲôɱֵġ
ΪʲôĿģһ㶼Ȥ
ҩѾѾˣ룬ҲɱѾѾֻҪʩȥҽڵ˻ѹûбҪǮȥ˹
֮ͨͲ˭ˡ
ߵѾѾߣһߵظѾѾ˵Ҹȥ͵˵ˣ㶼֪Ǹոж֡
ҽϹģҲΪϹҽȺκ˺ܶĴβ˵ļҽȲųġ
Ⱥ˾Ȼ˵ԺҽȾģϹЩ͸жĥɱ¿һôôġ
ǸҲһ˵ʲôҪ˹ȥҿΪϵĶ
˵ʲôϹҪ˴ϵ
ǴϻõģϹûأϾ͸ţñ˵¹ϹͷҲӦõġ
˵ϹʲôˣҲ¶ѵô콫ҽ
һҲˣҾǿ϶ǸϹһˣ˵ǸòѾҽȣȥ´һµҽ˰ɣ
ҪһȥǸµҽﱨòã
ʦ˵ˣϹɫĴϣ˵ҽĻǾֻϹܵˡ
죬ޣ
ͻװģĲˣڶǲԼȥŵģƾҽôİ˸ȹˡ
ѾѾҩһ裬ݹȥȰɡ
Ҳʰһû˵ء
ѾѾĿᶨˣ


557 Կȥ

ðɣҿˡ
ѾѾ˵̫ᶨҩЩίùӿʼˮ
һ֮󣬼ʼ˵֮ǰʦʱ򣬶ͦһأܶಡ֢ҿ㶼֪֪ǸҪĶǸˣƾҽôİ˸ȹˡ
һǼٵġ
ɽڵ˶ûӵģڴҽãøԼأ֤ҽһ
֮ǰҲ֪ʲôȥƭ˴Ůֲ֪ǼʲôͬǸĻŮ
ֿˣ
ѾѾֵһҩͬʱһֻͶ䡣
ҩһĪҸպȹˮ˰
ѾѾԣٺһ㡣
ҩֲͣʡ
ɻǽӹӣ˼ڡ
꣬˵˵ҽöˣܱ֮ΪҽҽʦģҽҪһٶ౶ġ
ҽȵĹͲӦӦŶԵġ
Ҫ㵱ҽȵĹҾʹͷȥѵ죬ЩɵǶ飬ͳͳ춼һΡ
Ҫ㵱ҽȵĹ֮ҸʦͿڹںߣҲû˸۸ˣһԳȥ˵Լҽȹѣ˵ԺʲôģкܶҪͲ׵ء
ѾѾšüģֵһݹȥȡ
ҩѲӹûмȣֻɻѾѾҮôһֱҺȲ裬ƽʱһ춼Ȳô衣
ѾѾɻϣƵ˵ţҪǻ˵ĻһֱȲ裬Ϣ
ҩ
ѾѾʵ࣬òסͣ
ҩˣԹԵغȲ費˵ˡ
̲סĵؿѾѾЩѾѾ
һڲ֮󣬺ؿڣһ㶼ͺܲϲ㣬Ĭ۸ġ
棬ȥһʲô𣿡
ѾѾƵĻҩˡ
ѾѾԣһ㡣
û˻ȥںһ΢ʲô

ɣ
콫ͳ˴ôϵСƫҲӴһЩ֮ࡣ
ͳ֮󣬿żɽιҪһæȥɽһˣڱ귽棬ɷģһġ
죬ڣҲ֪ǸողŵϹкܶȻҪȥ޷ﵽ
԰Ѳ˴Ҷ߾ȫơ
Ӷ˵ĴȻλܲһ㡣
Աߵ˻ͳġ
ǰЩҲߣ֪ͳһ㶼ǾˣֻǾӪְλĸߵĽ졣
ˣǰ֮һҪպõġ
ͳ죺ʵҽ֮ǵϵΪԭ뿪ɽ֪ҪͻҲֻȥһ˲ɽҽΡ
κСүĲ϶͡
֮ǰҽݴ϶ҪȥĽϿ㲻ɶĽϵ
Щ𾪣û뵽βľǻϵˡ
ֻǣԼҽôġ
¶һ˿ΪѵɫȻҲϷǣֻʵ벻ҽȣСүԵȵĻ֮󣬵ǿȥɽһˣΣ
ͳüͷСүȲˡ
ҽֲԸ뿪ҽȣˣܲܰ˰˹ȥɣ
β˵¶ɲģҪĽ˰˹ȥԹԣڸСүβʱʹ㻵ɲ군ˣ
ͳ첻ĵؼڣȥɽСүβ鲢Ứ϶ʱ䣬Ĳһ
뿪⼸£ҽҲԽĳȥ
ʵǱǸ

첻ܸŹȥˣͳҲģԸô뿪һֱҽ
ͬʱҲдŻؾȥѯʣǷɽĽϸҽ
⼸ҽÿ춼ÿɽȥˢ
ɽﲻڴϵĵӾ͸ȥǰˢøС
ѾѾˣҲûԸ뷴µĻᶼûС
뵽ɽסŵľˣ뵽ĽϣͻطȥĽдˡ
þûдˣҶǲǸ˵Ѿҽȵŵˣɽķ羰ǲġ
Сʴ䣬ϳɸ޵ء⾳
ֻĴҾöǵҽֵġ
ǽӹҽҾøӺʡ
ҪϵĶҽȵҽȥεĻҾֻܵˡ
ԿǿڳɽأǻؾأֻǵǵĴȥҲС
ѿܻ֪һЩĹײĵʽҿԸ㻭ͼ


558 Ķò

һһ
ѾѾдݣͺ²ۡ
ĽȷѾѾ
ЩǲĽʲôʱˣһǵñȽ͸֣
ѾѾдݶȽ
֮ǰ˵ϵĶҪǲĻֻʮˣѾ˰꣬͵ˣ֪϶رܡ
һЩҩ裬ȳԳԿ
ӦܹʱסڵĶ
ҪȫѶ⿪Ŀǰ˵ûа취ҴӦ㣬ᾡҽȡ֮ǰӹŹġ
дһ֣ѾѾ±ʣֽյŷ棬ãݹȥҩõռ
ҩҲǵһΰѾѾˣÿȶбģѾѾԼҩ衣
һõž˳ȥ
ѾѾվĴϣ͵ֵɽȣһЩݡ
һһʲôʱܹ⿪ĽϵĶ
ˣ֪ĽϿʼڣˡ
ѾҽιĲˣκ֢ȴʼûȥĽϡ
һһѾܾûпѾѾôʧ䣬ôȻ
ԭںĽϵģдŵʱֻڹɶѡ
̾˿˵ȱѾҽˣֻҪ⿪ĽϵĶǷȱζҩģζҩҲǺ
Ҳʱ򡣡
ţ֪ˡ
ѾѾָֻ·ʲôĵı顣
ҩʱ򣬿ѾѾ˯ѾѾӴ˵ѾѾ֪ɽʲô𣿡
ѾѾ˯죬޾ɣĮģȻ˵ûһɽô֪
ǰ
ҩȥһȦеۣЬϣѾѾ˵⼸ɽµϰղϲû¶ܵɽ𣬻˵Ҫǿģ
ɽʱ򣬾ͷǾȻˣҶòӣһϳ˺ɫĶƵģɿˣЩڶɽ¿صҪ죬ǿˡ
Ҿߵʱ򣬿һ֢״СҰ˸ое㼬ֵģǿô£֮ǰҲûģҲ֪һȺܲκֲ
Ҫβã֪᲻˵ҽأ
ҵǧǧκˣȻͲˣҪκˣһȺ໹֪öNɪˡ
룬Ҳʲô£òȥİɣ
ҩһһէģոջʱ˷ּģɺȻͿʼˣ͵´ȥ
ѽôô񶾰Ϊһҽܸߵ裬Ȼô˶Ūӣ̫ˡ
УҪģһҪȥҴҸƭˡ
ھҪȥ
ҩ˳Ҫȥ
һֱ̱ڴѾѾæվȥҩţҩһơ
ҩЩܳжؿѾѾѾѾ̫ˣҿš
ѾѾţͦõģҲҺһ㣬˯ˡ
ҩжѾѾһٶУ˫ᣬصͷ֤ãҿ϶ᳳ˯ġ

ҩ뿪֪ΪزѾѾ˯ı֤Ǳ鵢ˣȻĵȵܾöûһֱڶϲƣ߽һɵϡ
ѾѾˣҲû飬ڷдҩʦԵķӣҩʬһ̧һֵۣͷдӡ
ҩˣس壬죬ѾѾôΪʲôôۣ
ҲͲ˵ҾͲˣǧҪ˵
ʡ˵ûûˡ
ѾѾͦҩʦģҩߴô꣬Ȼסûɽ
ʲô
ǲܱʲʣԼҪش𣬻Ҫشܶܶ֡
ҩֱ֣׳ӦȻǣǺѣ㲻ʣҲ϶˵ġ
֪Ϊʲô뿪֮һֱڲŻ
֪Ϊʲôô
϶֪ɡ
ûиһȥ̫ˣҽôߣһץ׳һСľͰЩ˸κˣ⹦ͿɾͶˡ
Ҳǵģ֪쿴ֵʱԶһ㣬ֲǲ֪ʲôˣôȥء
Ǹ쵰ôಡ˵ʱȫûг֣˵ҪһֵĻᣬҽܺĵӶ˹ȥˡ
Ҿͷ¿һһֱæתġ
æһһҹЩϰϵûκλ⣬һ㣬е϶ѾˣǧҪɽˣȻ϶ᱻץ׳ġ


559 ӹҽ

ҪǱץ׳Ǳˡ
ҩĻԶûе˵ʱѾѾӿڴͳ˼ɿݹȥȳЩǰɡ
ҩ֮ǰͳԹɿһɿζ
ӹɿ֮󣬾ܳȥˣ·ѾѾɿȥһ
ɿĸѾѾõƬ̵İ
ʼ˼ҩղ˵Ļ
ҩո˵ɽµϰնȾ˹ֲⲡµһڳϸӶβˣ
ҽǺܲãߵҽǺ˵õġ
ô˶޲ߣɽµЩϰջĻʲô
ҩĻЩϰʱӦûΣյġ
Ҫȥ𣿡
ȥ
ȻûΣգǾͲż
ȻôQǲȥһЩкô顣

κЩϵĲ;ȫˡ

ֹ죬ѾѾһֱû뿪Ժӣڸҩʦβ
ѾѾҩʦķ߳ʱֱӱҩ˹ȥ
ҩ⼸춼ץȥ׳ˣƣϻ͸һЩ˷ܣ˵ѾѾ֪Ҽֱ̫ˡ
⼸쳤ǸʦʦʦʦǶϵϰιˣһЧûС
ϵĲ֢ԽԽˣǾͶβ
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ڰ챻ˣΪ첻βôҵĲҩôҳԵˣе˳֮׵·߲ˡ
ڻԷǮһҸҽȡ
²ʲôң
ѾѾѧˣͲشҩ⡣
ҩҲںѾѾزشû˿ͣٵؼ˵ţЩʵ̫вŻˣȻһӹҽȵҸ
̫ˡ
ǹ֮ǰΪҽҽȵģڹӹҽǲӹҽˡ
㶼û쿴Ǹ֮ˡ
ɽµȫ˶˵ǸӹҽôСβãԽԽˡ
˵Ͳ˿
ѾѾͲµһҲ⣬ǾɽЩϰջ̫ôҲˡ
˵˵ȥҩɡ
ҩԺʱʦҩûȥˣѾѾץõҩҩϡ
ҩӹҩѾѾһȥһߣһ˵ǰ첻һúصɽȻκ
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ȻԼҲӹҽˣֻҪܹ챻ԼԩһҲûɶ
ҩٺٺٵɵЦ
ѾѾƿ֣ҩץȻڼ˵ţѾѾ˵Ժ󻹻ҽҽȵܻˣԺ󻹻
ҪǴҶҽˣǲԺû˹ǿˡ
ȻĻǼɽ棬ǲҲûѧʲôҽˡ
Ҫǲһ뿪ҽô
ѾѾҽô㿪ҽݣȥ㵱ѧͽɣ
ѾѾԼٸҩһ飬䶼Ҫˡ
ƿҩ֣ҿٵ˵˳档
֮ͷҲص뿪
ҩ
ֻĬĬضʦҩ
ҽӹҽҲɽڵͳǶС
ͳô죿ҽȵĹǸٵҽҪȥټҽ
Сүϲȥ˰ɣ
ͳҲܿգϣһһغȣ˺ü֮˵䡣
ҽϹԴģڴҶ˵ҽȾӹҽȣҽĶһȺӹҽϹԹ۵ġ
ôϰնȾˣҪϹ⸽Ӧþͻȥβ
ʱȥҽȥɽ
ǵͳ˵Ìˣ˵ֲ֮ǰ¹ȥɽСүβˣ϶Ϊ֪ԼȥˣҲûã»ᱻ֪Լ˻ѣҽڲȥġ

ɽȵߣĵطɽڵʮһΧһͷ
ʦʲôʱ֣
ͷ̵ĴϣűӣʲôЩ˲ǻû
ĵظͣǣǶûʦô
ͷЬӵĽһӶס˴죬Ҫ㻰ࡣ


560 ֪

ͷʹҲϴ裬Ҳϴţ֪ŵɱж
ֲƿͷ˭ǰòŸͷίۿˡ
ͷջؽţʵҲǱˣŴһɸֵ˵˵ˣһˣͰޣ㲻Ӷһöء
Ժȥͱ˵ͽܡ
ҿˣʮҲٿˡ
ߵؿŴ˵㣬ˣһӶûУȻѧ˼ϸŮǸʲôִССģǵСʦˣ
ҪҽûҽҪû࣬ҪƷûƷģҲô˵š
ƨƨ˼ҵŮҲҪʦСͽܣŮⱲֲ𣿡
ίˣ˫۷⿴һʼʱ㲻ô˵ģˣ˵ʺոŮڹھû˸۸ˡ
֮ǰʵֻҽȵһŵӣŵӶϲȫŵӿ϶ϲȫˡ
Ȼǲ֪ġ
ǵһμ컹ɽȴ⣬˵ڴ棬ϻʦĺɰ
ʦˣɰҪҲ֪ϴһ£ǺɰǼģǵһ۾ϳˡ
ôûмʦˣò׿ʦƷ϶Ҫȥúġ
һʾʳȻʦյСͽܣǵСʦá
겻ʦʦҪΪû˻ϡʦҪĺɰԥؾˡ
ҲûãɽﻹôˣҪǴҶţǰҽȵĹأһҽȵǲҽȵġ
֮ǰû죬ʶ϶첻ҽȵˡ
һıͳ˴ĸŮ
˼ͲҽȵĹƣܽҽڡ
ʱⷨӵ˵Źֵ
һ˽ĳ
²ףλ䣬ƴҡͷڷ飺˵һϵûС
󣺡ûʦ֣㲻Ҫ˵һϵûУԼͱƭˡ
Ҳз˵ոŮģҪ±ˣܿͻյϵġ
Ϊܱȱס
۸ޣӦ˵˵ģǵʱҲ»ʦϢȴ£˭֪ȥˣʦϢǸƨĲ
ɷµصͷûǴʦԼɵˣֹ
ˣ඼ʼˡ
ѣһ㶼

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ǧżȺصֻйסԺ
߶˼Ȧ֮󣬺ȻһŽǰİ߷
ɶȺƾʲô˵ӹҽҽȵĹҽ
˵꣬˽
ҪǴ϶ϳʧ˺ܾõͽܣҲ֮ǰʦ
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Щ죬Ȼ̫ӭһ
ʦǸʮӣ֮˸λ£үɣ˵ô˹Ͳʶʦˣϣҳȥ˵˵ôģ
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˵ȥңЦһ£ɨ죺°ɡ
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ϰչָ̧°ͣ˵֪ôҿԸ㡣
춸Ȼʦа취
ӵͷǵõҰǸɰ𣿡
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Ѿ˲ȥ²ʦΪʲôˣ֪Ǻɰ顣
ʦĻźɰڼǰ˽һС
ӹһĨЩЦݣ˵֪У
콿ĵЦ£վߵǰĴϣ˫§סĲӡ
˵֮䣬Ϣϣ˵ʦ˵𣿡
ӱһԵĴȥ


561 Ҳأ

һʱ֮ͨ죬˫Ⱦŷŭſǰʵʦ˵𣿡
Ӧ֪ǸɰϹĶɣϹʵҽã书ҲҲھܾôȨƵ˵֮󣬻ȫˡ
Ȼ书ܺãȻûܽ
ǸɰģǱ͵ȥģôֻѶˣǸ˱Ȼŵùġ
ͽܡɰСͽǵõģʱ׼ȥӵ
̧ͷʦ֪Сͽ˭뿪ɽ֮ͽܣ
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Ϲ˵ͽܵҸɵ˵ϹҪͽˣ϶رر𿴺ҽҪҽȴġ
ҲΪԭ򣬴Ҫ쵱ʱ򣬴Ǽûгԡ
Ϲڹʱʮһͽܣʮһͽ⣬һ鲻ٵľ
Ϊ˸ҽѰҼ̳ˣҲΪ˸ԼһϸĴˣϢ뿪ҽȣ֮Ѷ
˵ЦˣȻ֪һ֪ھҽ档
˭ɫ䣬
ӽ˻ȥգӦңĺͽܣ
üͷ
ٶ˲ſ
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˵֪ԼҽϹͽأ
֪ɻ󣺡ô֪ܲԼʦҽϹ
Ҫǰݸʦ϶޲ýԷʮ˴ڿǾƾ˵ݣֵֵһʦ
Ц˶һ˽֮ǰҪŪݵλ
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˭ҲĹ֮λ
ӱ
ʱ֮󣬼֮ǰĻ⡣
ڻɱһϹߵһ취԰ڵΣ

գѾѾ˸ͱҩ˵
ѾѾǧҪȥڳȥ̫ΣˣҲ֪Щô£һ綼ˡ
춼֪ЩʲôȻЩ֮ԱΪ˶ûӰԩ޳𣬺ö˶˵ΪʲôҪ¶ǡ
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Щʲôʲô˵Ǳӵġ
ǲ˶ҵġ
˵ж˵׼أһ˵ҪˣҪһ
ֵǻ˵Ƕȵˡ
Ǹαȥ˵߾оҩһָ
Щûнڲٵˣֿʼһˡ
ѾѾҩѹÿ͸ˣε˵Ҫ˵ܲ˵
ѽ㿴ҶˣⶼΪ̫ż˶ѣ
ѾѾѽɲٲµһˡ
Ϊ˽ԼΣսˡ
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ԺʱֻҪ۸ˡ
ȶˣѧôõҽû˵ⶫ֪ûء
ǾȻţ˵Щǲ
ҩʱѾѾ룬ǲ廰ȣ˵û׼⡣
˵һǶȵأпǹء
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ȹأҪǶȹҾɹȹˡ
ȱ˵ˣѾѾ㿴Ҫô
ɽµЩϰջͷϣôǿ϶ǲġ
Ҫǲǻܵɽˡ
ҿǼŮóǷŽɽڵ
书ǺҪӳȥҽ쵱ѾʲôöˣҲͱҽȣȥȵʲôʱˣԼٴһҽȰɡ
ҽȣ
ѾѾȻҩҲǻȽ϶ûʲôܵˣôȡƺ
˼ҽֱȡ˸ҽȣţͦ
ˣȥɿˣһġ
ѾѾó޵еɿɹסҩ͡
ô죿
ǲ˵µĶǡ


562 Ը

һһͷβѯʣô죿
ѾѾĵ𴲣·ǲ˵µĶҾԸ
ϣҲϢˣ˶Ҹͷ˵
ɽſڣЩŤ
ɶ죬Ȼԩʦã˵СʦǱģǱǡ
ȻͲ˵
Ҳסš޹Ķ߷йⲻУԩСʦãҪȥץСʦó壬Լ˵ĻǼٵģ˵ġ
סСʦóˣҲб·ҧһڣ˵Сʦȥв˵滰˶ѡ
ԽʱԽܳ嶯
ʦ˵ģСʦñǼСʦöżأǼҲûʲôżˣȵȵȿСʦûô顣
ʦҲ˵Сʦгرһʮˣ鲻ҪȥģǱȥҾС
ԴŶ
һˣ˵ǻǵǸϰ˵СʦǶȵ˵𣿡
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ʵش𣬡֮ǰ˵ȣŶڼĶҩҶȵĹҲǶĶҩζɫܶΡ
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һС־ڱ߹ص˵ö߿Ե¡
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˽⣬֪ȵ˶֪ȵĶҩֻˡ
֮ˣТ֮ˣ֮ˡ
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飿ҵȥȼʶһˡ

λЩΪԼֹ˷Žҽ档
һ˽ǴҩǵԺӡ
ǹȥѾѾ
ǹȥʱѾѾѾԺ档
Ϊйߣֻ÷شԺĶ
Ժǻҳ̫ˣӶʱҳ
е⧲֮¶һЩҳ
꣬Ҿֻȳˡ
ص֮ЩзȥҩʦԺӵˣؿʼץڵϴ
ˣˣҲǱϿһȿȡҲˡ
죬죬ȥһͰˮš
ڵϹ˺·ץˮݣûá
һҹϰٸϰնڱĥİижȹ
һϵ֢״ͻȻȫȬˡ
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ȵѹʱҲѾˣȥҽֻعڴʱ
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죬ȥɽֹˣȫڵϴ
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ˣûпȥɽѾѾ¡
ɽҲûаˣץ˺ü׳ҩ
һŹվԺſڣԴ׼úȥԸЩˡ
ȵ춼ˣҲûһ˹
ЩɻؿԺ˯ѾѾ˵Щ˶ô£ǰ첻ǻͦϲԺĶ𣿽ôˡ
Ǹòķ֣֪Լԩ㣬Ȼ󶼲˼˰ɣ
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֮ǰЩ˲ĵҪ˵ôɽҵԽԽˣ
챻ʦ§ڻֵģƿ֣Щѯʡ
㲻˵ⷨһе𣿲ܻҵܱϹǾͿԳ׵ؽϹҳҵϣ
ɽµЩϰնƽϣˣϹܳ𣿡
ʦȻٸвУ˵Ҫء
˵ëë첻ͷˣƿ
ʲôδҲƽϣˣҽȹôԸ˵㣿
ˡǷһڵϴ
㡭
ʦտѯŸһһ顣
ݶϣѾѾ֣һƲƲ죺۾
һһö񶾵
ǵɽµϰղһʦԺһǸͷͻ


563 ֻйܾ

ҩʦԺӰ˺ܶ죬Щҩʦ˺ܶࡣ
Ѿһζ
ҩʱЩȲȥζ̫ˡ
ʦ㶼Сˣôȸҩ¡
ԼǸأҪǴȥñ֪ˣҵЦ㡣
ҩʦҩƵԼǰҩȥȥӰҺҩ
ҩƲƲ죺У˵úҲڣͻúúҩһ
ȥȥٲߣҾͽʦš
ҩʦѾЩ߳ŭ
ѾѾո룬պãεҩȥ
ҩǸвˣһȥֿʼ˵ɽµϰո˵ȾϹֲˣ֮ǰĲҪ֡
ΪԭҲûɽ鷳ô룬Ǻ񲡵ͦõġ
Ҳͼһֱźˡ
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ɨĵӾʱп˷棬һֱڴϰ
ͺشһ濴
һִ϶һȦˣǿˣȻӡ
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ҩʦķԶһЩѾѾɿҩ֡
ȥɽߡ
ѾѾûԼҽĿģҪʶֲͬļ
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һһǸҩƽʱ˵ԵİɣҲʶôãȻɽܶԸ㣿
ѾѾ:Űɡ
Դͳסɽ֮ѾѾǵһι뿪ҩʦԺӡ
ɽ·ɽͳ
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ѾѾȿȡ˵鷳ÿһ¡
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˵£ȥɣûϹϢ
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ЩǽڶѣһӦò̫ĶⲻˣҽĹʸ񵱹
ҪκСүĲǵϹֲС
ѾѾδԶֻǹ˸䣬һ֥߹ȥժ֥ͳǵĶԻ
һ£ָֻ
һһҲˣڣĽҽȥβİɣ
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š
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ֻһ꼸ݵ֥ҲʲôֵǮĶѾѾؽ֥ϵͳ档
˵ҵҽ𣿡
ѾѾһһʹˣԽԽˡ
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ҽѾѾֻӹҽȶѡ
ӹҽ֮ף˵ҽҩʦ硣
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˵֮䣬Ѿߵɽ¡
ǰͥȣ壬ŵ˾ֻذˡ
ҽȥȥϹϰֲסˣֻϹԾˡ


564 ŵ

ǣֻϹܾˣ
ǷҽȥɣǽȥҲȥǹģǷģǿ϶ŵǹģǷҽȥɡ
ϰ鲡þҪˣҲ϶¹ģ¹־Ҳ϶ֹġ
Ҷ֤ˣ㻹ʲôĵģȥϹֲ¹Ҳ֪㵣ʲô
Ҷ˵ϰĲֻϹΣ¹ǿ϶βõģ㻹ȥֱǶġ
˸ӣȥ¹βǶԸȥбҪ𣿸οû˸أǸӲȥˡ
ſڵһһŮģӦǷ֮ġ
Ǽÿһ䶼ϹȽϣѾѾɵü
ҪȥǿɣҲʲô֢ġ
ѾѾЦҡͷȥһβô죬ʱǲǾͻ˵ϰ鲡ˣҲȥ¹Ҹβġ
һһƺЩʲô˵ˣҲѾѾһ鿴Ϸ
ʦһ˶ûŪԼǶԷϷʲôֻ֪ܣöûԼñסԼ
ܣﵽǾþ˶ѾˣҲпܻûˡ
⼸Ķûȥֻ˴Ӽκˡ
ŷһЩĻüͷһᣬ˵ȻǽɣҪϹǣǾ͵øϽˡ
ŷһֱҽȣûϹѾ϶Ϲ϶ǻҽڵġ
ſڳҲû
ȵ˽֮ѾѾ룬ɴҽȣȥߡ
⼸ҩ˵ϵ˶ȾϹֲû
ѾѾò̫ɫһ۾ϳ
˾ɽſڴţ۵ģÿ춼ͬ˵ѾѾĸֲá
һﲻãһﲻá
ڶѾѾȫ˽;ѾѾһˡ
޶֡
ѾѾʱûʲôɫ˵ûйκ˶뿪ҽȡ
ѾѾĵءŶһ¡
ҽȷʵĹ涨ģֻ涨ͬ衣
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ԾѾѾҲ⣬ͷʾ֪ˣֱһ⡣
ˣ˵õŶأôôˡ
⿴žͽεεСôǽôôɴģһ㶼ϳ
ŵˣ
ѾѾˣ˻֣øˡ
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˵ĵطͻͻõķչ
ģӶչԽԽãͱһں˺üӵһ
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ƽʱǳֵģʲôУǸСԡ
мӣȣͰ棬ը棬ЩǱȽִʳﶼС
ѾѾߵȴһƬ
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ת˺ܾãڿһըС̯ӡ
̯һλʮϸڹţҲûпˣϸ˾¯ǰ棬˯
ѾѾȥһæֱ壺Ҫը鷳ȵȣϾá
ţǱš
ѾѾȥ˸λ
ʵըҲִеĶһһ˵һִͳʳ
ȻǴͳζѾ˺ܶܶ꣬Ҳʲôֵ顣
ܿ죬ըͱ
һڵըɲ룬ըɡ
ǽƹϡ㴻ѿඹƶкûã֮ϵĶ
ըòóԣؼҪը
ⶡнȷﳴټƶĻƽ潴ըը
̳ըԲ룬ը档
ѾѾǵһγը棬֮ǰȻҲȥǣǱߵըǲóԵġ
̯ϵıˡ
һըֻǮֻǱǺ«ļ۸ѡ
̯¯ǰ棬ѾѾظ
ѾѾ˳䡭


565 ͷɽ

ѾѾһ̯ϵ顣
ϣ˵Щʲô°ö˶˵ģզ˶ȾϹֲء
ɽһʼźǻᵹǻãʹģǺ˵㣬أЩ˾Ϳʼϵʱû˯ⲻҰ춼ڼ˯ˡ
ҲûˣҴҲ˵ˣҲҪٳ̯ˣⶼû˳ˣĻⰡ
ڼеסⲻˡ
ѾѾһ棬ǰûԹը棬ҲûȽڣΨһܹȷľը滹ͦóԵġ
ĽζҲлƶζ滹ҧһЩĩ
̧ͷ̯һȾ𣿡
ûа˵Ҳ֣סҼߵȾˣҼҺǻ˼ҲȫȾˣҼﶼúõġ
Ҫ˵ⲡᴫȾҲ̫ǸǽӴҲͦģҲûȾϡ
ǲ֪ôˡ
ѾѾۣ˵ܸؼҿ𣿡
԰⵱ȻԣҲûʲôˣھ˴ؼҡ
ҪھӿҴ˸ôƯĹؼң׼ҪĽˡ
ӿҴȥ϶ҲҪˡ
̯ʮ̯ӣһ̸ı죬˭һ鶼˵Ļ
Ȿҩµġ
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˵ؼҾͻؼң̯ĶøˮƵģѾѾ涼û꣬Ͷպˡ
ЩǲյģͷߣҪ˭Ϣһ¶Ϣһᡣ
ȵѾѾһ꣬һϴ̤˻̯ҵ·̡
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ѾѾӵԴ˵ųԣȥø˵ǲҪȥȺˮˡ
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ѾѾˮֱӻҽȡ
һһѯ:㲻𣿡
ѾѾ:Ұ

ѾѾˣ𴲣д·ˡ
ѾѾһͱҩѣ۾ͷػӿ˯
ѾѾ˯ˣд·ˣϹˣոκһ񼲵ˣϰҪβˡ
ϹѾѾһ£۾ֱ塣
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ܶ˶ȥϹôβģҲҪȥҲһȥѽʦ˵ˣϹҽѾǵǷ켫ɽЩʲôĿԱȵġ
ʲôֻҪϹûβõġ
ȥϹһβʣͨѧҽʮġ
ٲϹͰκãǾʲôˡ
ѾѾץץͷڣһ¡

·ѾѾҩһɽ
ϵԭ벻Ϲˣǰ򳤵ĵϹβ򳤵õǿҪĲϵ˶֪ġ
Ϲ˲֮ĲͺˣڴҲʶϹҽϹȥβ
Ϲլʺ񣬾Ͳǰӵͬˡ
˵ҲɣҪǡʱȥϹβҾͲϹˡ

ѾѾüϷʵЦЦ
ǴŶΪϹǸûƢˣഴҽȱˣô޶ԡ


566 һ£ͽ

ҲãҽȵҲգֻЩûʲôϲ׽Ӱϰա
ҶϹҲһˣȻǻˣͻƢ仹֮ΪҽˣƢа
ۿԼഴҽȱˣԼҽȲһӹҽôܻ޶ԡ
Ϲĺ
ѾѾҩɽµʱϹѾˡ
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Ϲֻվ˼ɽڵ˾ҪŹ֣ǵҲ
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ҩЩʧһΪϹ̫Ͼһأͷ׷иͷһİ׺ӣǵϹǸͨ˶ѡ
ѾѾҩ棬߱ҩסˣûϹֻҩ˵Ļ
˸ۣ֪˻Ϊļ̫Ͼء
ѾѾϹȻҽ㿴Щһ룬ЩϵĺͿʼʧˡ
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ѾѾƵĶҩܶͷǼģ϶Ҳ֪Щеһֶµġ
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СʦýԼµĶȻӣʦҲǣء
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˿ѾѾǰҲ֪ҡ
ѾѾιĲ廹ȷǲĺˣҲ˲١
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ͽǻȥɡ
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ͷЩҲ˵ԼȥСүβ£֪ѾѾ˵ľǸСүͷ

ãͷüȥԴĳϵӶϹЦең˵һ£ͽܡ
ʲô
Ҳˣɫ԰׵һԣ˿˫۲𺡣


567  ǲԵ

ҾȻϹĵӣ
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ֽץԼ·
˶𾪲ѣЩ֮ǰͷ۸ѾѾˣҲ֪岻ɫ԰أΪϢŵɫ԰ס
ЩڶвģҲʶǰﲻæˣԶϣϹϣҲ˵ͷѾѾĲǡ
һսսվš
ͷЦе˵ţЩӶɽ棬˵жôǵ¹ǶôƲҵСͽܣСͽԣȺӵȥ۸
ȻҾͲǿǽҸҵСͽˣҸСͽˣᾡ뿪ҽȵģԺҽȷʲô鶼ûйϵ
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ĴصͷģʦҸСʦһߡ
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˵쾹ȻˣܴҲǡ
ƴҡͷҪһԼ·ץƣûа취ٱ⡣
ѾѾͷߣֳϣ̬ɫɢذŲ豭ĵ˵ţʦ˼Ҳ˼ҹЩӰɣЩֲʲôٵ飬˵ʲô
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ûߴ֮ԺȻΪ뵽ȥ˵ġ
˷ء
ҲӦøѧѧģô˵ҲҽȵĹǣӻҪģȻɲǰܻҽȵ
ˣ֮ǰߵͨ纮ƵҲҪ˵ȥˣҽȵȥƣ纮βõҲҪ˵˰
䣬ѾѾ˸Ƿ۾ǲ֪ڻһ
ҩ
ͷ
ǣ
Լˣ
˵ò˵أ㻹˸ϣ
㲻˵ǻ֪ôء
ϸæҲ˶ģҪ
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ҽڵӣȫҽڳҽȣٽҽȡ
ͷѾѾһԭûġ
ǧ򲻸õǣӦΪԼȥƻѾѾͷ
Ҫ̤λ飬ֻ˵Ҵ˼̤Ķ󣬻Ӧȥߵˡ
챻ҽǿ϶ġ
ѾѾʼնûн⿪ϵĶԺֻҪһͻҲˣֻҪˡ


568 ı

ȵⶾͻԼˣʲô¡
ʣµҽȵˡ
ееĶѾѾµģееĶϹµġ
ЩѾѾԽĶ
ͷҽǧˣҲûӦǼ飬ֻ˵ϷˣǵͽҹͽȥɣͽΪʦȽȥһᡣ
ѾѾü
ͷʱҽһȺӹҽԲˡ
һһѾѾԸ𣿡
ΪʲôԸ⣿ôһȺ²˵ԺȺԣȺҲЩء
ѾѾνվ
ҽ˿ڣҪβ˾͹Ŷӣҩҩʦæ
ҩûġ
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һ㶼˵˭˭˭ͽʲôġ
⵹ãͳ˭˭˭ʦ
ҪҩǸˣҩҽﶼֻǸСѡ
ѾѾܺ˵ģ˵ͷǾͰҩʦæˡ

ˣͲѾѾܼסֵġ

ѾѾҽȵ˶˶ϵĶҲˣⶾķʽǳԽҩõҽⶾ
ѾѾֱӸҳԶҩҿЩģ±ΪͷĹϵ𾴣һ϶Ҳҽһ㣬֮ԿԸǽⶾȫΪͷȸҩѡ
Ĳһ
ҩ٣ĵַȷʵ޷ٵġ
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ͷ⼸նҽڣֻû˵ЩʲôҲûҴȥᡣ
ѾѾҩԺ棬ҩʦβ
Թϰҩ⼸͸ѾѾߣȴʲô϶ԲЩܣѾѾѾѾô¶˸ûҪúһҽȣ
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ҽȥ˵ʱ֪ҸǺѾ͸˺ܶˣдײˣжϣϹϣⶼˣҽȥһǮûлء
͵Ĳ̫ˣòҹ˸ȵǿʱҾͽ˳ȥ׬һӡ
ҩ˵ǰĻʱѾѾһ㷴ӦûУһ˵˵£ѾѾأ
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˵ӣ㽫͸ҵĲȥˣأ
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Ȼһٶģ
һѾѾҪõˣﰵҽǲ
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ҩѾѾ˵ô࣬ԹϵģɹûԵӻˡ
Ʋ죬һѾѾĲˣʱڳԵ˹ϡ
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ڱ֮ǰѾѾյĽϵķɸ봫飬ҪǶֱ÷ɸţܲǺܿףϾô·һ·;б˳˾Ϳˡ
ѾѾţ֮󣬳Ĭˡ


569 Ͼͻж

Ľдģдŵھ֮ǰ·Ҳͷ졣
ѾѾ֮Ĭ˺ܾãԼʰΪİóܳȥͷ
߰ɣϳ
ͷڳ緹ҽڵ緹ȻѾѾҵ緹óԣҲͷϲԵǲȱġ
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Ŷ
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ƫڣϵһСһŵϷŰ̲ˣʮһӵӱϣƵؾ̲˳԰ࡣ
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ͷҶΪСʦòʦʦͽˡ
ʮСжʮʮһһּ࣬һ̲˵ƵؿڣҲʦڶСͽˣôͲôء
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ѾѾͷһۣ˵ʦ˼Ҷһˣô⣬Ͳ³Եøһ̴֣ߣȻ͹˰
ʱԭûе̴˵ģѾѾѧҽϵͳһִϵͳϵͳó鼮ִ˱д鼮滹ǻᾡܵһЩִʡ
ͷִ˽Ҳ١
̴Ҳ֪ġ
νӦʲôΪʦǸҽǸСҽԳëˣǾβˣҪԼϵ㲡βãһѧʲôҽ
òǻΪΪʦȱΪϲβɣ
ΪʦҲ¸ʵʵ˵ΪʦѧҽֻһĿģԼ˼ɵسԵĶ밾ҹȵ֮󣬾ԼԼѲκãΪΪ


570 ȥְ

Щ˵ǶΪΪʦŹһǵģϰΣһԼҲĲ鲻㣬Լô죿
ѾѾŲһ¡
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ͷѾѾͦϲģ˶˽ģھһ֮ǰôûʵɡ
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Ѿͷ²ǲôȻôż緹ҳҪˡ
ͷϻ⣬ͬû⣬ΪһƣһѾơ
ΪѾѾʦȻǲȱѾƺȵġ
һ⣬һھƣոʵĻһʶѣҲںѾѾ᲻شں᲻д𰸡
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ֻһˣǸɽԳһЩûô
ѾѾ˵Ľϵ֮󣬾ʹŲµʲô
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ͷ̾̾ҲãȻɽûôˣڳɽȥǣ˵еϣȥǸһЩҪܹﾩǵʱҲﾩǣܳŵʱĻ˵ͻоȡ
ܱٻʱȥɽһ·ŲסˣǾͰæˡ
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Ľ֮ḷ̌ҲΪȡһЩʱ䣬ѾѾҲʵʲô¡
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ѾѾ֪ǣǸϵʱүҲռҵȫǵķϡ
үүԺҪھǵˣһҶҪھԺ󻹻һСùûˣҲǸô죿
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ô֪ǰѾѾȷʵһǺӣȻǺӾǲܳ׵ġ
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⼸ֶֶŮֶʲôģΪѾѾ²ġ
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үɫһӱúѿԺܲãȸոѾѾʱҪá
еĲأһЩһᣬ˫쳣ļᶨǸ˸Ҫľһ
Сʮ˵СùǸù϶Դ˻ˣδСùòҪҪ޳ȥǼҶԱʳǣϹţԶǼܳС㡣


571  ˲ͻ仵

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˵ҪǼ޸õˣһԿ̱ĹŵģһֱڼǼֲ
ĹŮһֱš
үŮĸһһЩ˽뷨
˵⻰Ͼ͵һۣϹ˵ʲôд󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣѾѾһҪ׵ģȵˣͱˣڼ׼ż˾С
ԣүүո˵ĻǲԵģһˣСùûôᣬ϶ǲСùһӵģЩ廹ҵǣҲСùôô࣬ҲСùһӵġ
ҵĸܵǣȻҲбСùСģȷʵСùһӣôˣԺҲҪɼҵģҪԺǶɼֻ֮һСùҲǷְ
ʱСùҪס˭ҾǸܴˡ
ʱСùʹˣһҲҪԼĺǸô죿
ҾСù͵ˣҪ׵ĺãԺͲˡ
˵ʱ򻹿Դӣ˵ʱҲԴӣĵʱҲԴӣ档
ӻ˵ĻͿԴ๫ˣҿÿδ֮ͻܿġ
ȻҲ϶ԸⱻСùôģСùôǵĻܾûôˡ
̣˵ǲǣүүүүʱǲǻرã
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Ҫúõشһүүˡ
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ⶼһˣҪǴȥ˵ԼӸˣĶ顣
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ѾѾֱȥǵģһЩͷʹˣżУҪһ·Ҳȥ϶ܲ˵ġ
οĽϸдŵʱҲǸ׼ѡ
Ľڵ״϶ǲʺģ·Ҳ̫ϣǻܶ࣬ӳɽֱȴҪԶ֮һ·̡
Ǵɲôϡ
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һ·ѾѾ۾ʵϵͳȡʣµʱҽ
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ͷѾЩᱳʹˣŤ˺üβӣ˺ü
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жЩֻǳ˲ʹĸѣǰСϵĸȻѾŧãźǶġ


572 ңҲ뵱

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Щסڿջ棬Ǽҵÿ춼ģջûš
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Сֱȥʾǵƹ
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ǵƹÿ춼ڿջڣһҲȾ˲Ҳŧˣȴûµġ
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иƽﾭڶߵĹϵҲǾڿջġ
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С˵һ֣ͦĵġ
Ҹƹ˵ûйţվſҲҽȥ˵ľͷһʲôϽлͿ˵ƨͿŵġ
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СؿŶңңô֪ģǹﳤþ͸Ůһӻ߻һˣﺰʦģҲ̫ǹˣ֪ǿջ˾Ȼͬһڿջס
ǾͲĻǹòٵ𣿡
С˵꣬뵽Щʲô̧ңǲʶǹʶȥȰһɣҲôԵİ


573 Ƕң

ҳȥУȥҸոƹ˵˵һ룬תͷС˼ˣ˵Ҫͷ
С׶ΪʲôҪôʣĸָ㶵رȻš
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ȻͲҪǸȾ˰ɣǾΪʲôأ
ȵȣûпǶҺϲ˼ҹ˼СǶʹˣԸһ飬ǶҾôһȻû취õ㣬Ҿͻ㣬ñҲ޷õ㡣
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һĪؿС˼ǲҪ֮С˵ʱǼѾջĴá
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СһΪǳܵķ֮󣬾ǵĶҿ϶֮󱻾ܾ׼˼СһҧǶҿ֮ǰ˵ǶңǶҶԹˣ㻹ǸϽļ뿪ɡ
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˵㵱˦ƹˣ˦ƹô֪Լĵģʲô֣żȴʲô֪

ѾѾˣֲþջôϤأԭԼĿջ
һǰ׸дţ˵ˣŹҵķչԽԽãϰյ±õˣҾ˸õ׷ϲϵĿͳȥ档
Щȥһطʱ򣬾οͣôƱҪס˼סջȥסġ
Ȼջҵͻ
׾ǲܴᣬʹ㿪һջ͸ǵľ¥һ
ջ¥һǸѾѾѾѾֻҪʱʱһЩǵľӪԷֵɵĹɷݣѾѾջ֡
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Ӧ֮󲻽͵ִһƵֹȥ͵˱˵ľӪ֮Ϣĸס
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Ҳȷʵӣǲסջ֣εЦЦѽⶼʦÿҸѧҽӶҩĵָ֣Ķǲסˡ
ҪǶԳţؼҵ·ǲסġ
ѾѾͷ
ѧҽѾͷҽ쳬ˣûʲôܽˣƸƨ
СǵЩԻ𾪵°ͶҪˡ
ԭǰƯСǶҿеǸܴҽڵˡ


574 

֮ǰ֪ջȾ˴ûĹֲʱǵĶҾ˵ˣ˵ǵСҽܺã϶ⲡġ
СͼؿѾѾСңĿԾǲ𣿡
ѾѾܿͽԼСҵʵͷȥջȾ˶Ҿǡ
Сˡ
׸ͷ˸кѾѾѾͷ궼ڸЩʲô飬궼ûعңԹɴˣÿȥʱЩֶֶŮǾͻʣû㣬Ҵȥġ
ʦҽȵĹͱҽѧҽû׼Ͳɽҽһˡ
ٶȱͷŻҽȵģҲ֪ҽȣȥҽȸһϵûС
ԩģͽܣͷŹ
εЦЦѾѾ˵⻰ԾǼٻѾѾǰ֮ͷһֱڴأҲ֮ǰͷ뿪ġ
ǸеһЩ𺳣û뵽һֱڴѧ̴ҽȻҽȵĹ
أ׸磬ô
ѾѾЩ࣬ЩǽܲˣϽת˻⡣
ⲻյƹ֪ջ¾͸Ϲˣһдţҿģ֮ǰͰеĴǿˣЩһͷûС
ˣԸҿ
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ûУֻطȾˣǽջ˾ͻȾһʼ֪ʱ򣬿ջӴ˲ٿˣ֮󣬾ûٽӴµĿˡ
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ѾѾһһȥŲ顣
һһֱɨ軷ɨֲֲȴܾȷȥɨ˹ƳĻ
ϻиȡĹƳ棬ѾѾûдǣװһ͸Ĳƿ棬ڿջﵽ߶
ЩƳ涼ӳ棬һͬĸ棬һǿĸͻüޱȡ
СסķʱƿղŶܰĹƳһǷһƴҪƿ
ˣ

ջһ¥ãһС˿°ĭڵϡ
üͷЩĴεسֹƣҵǲʲôڰҪԸ㣬һҪСġ
ǿѾѾģѾѾ߷鶼
ѾѾҲšüġ
ڲĶȴһٶسߣȻոΨһҲɱˣʧȥͷ
һֱԱ߿ţѾѾʦô˽ƳģЩ˵ֻùСʦãСʦҲûʲôµİҿСʦöԹƵúȲ˶ǲûʲôõĵˣ
ѾѾ
û뵽ĴȻûҪ͸
ȷʵûʲôҪġ
Ĵ˶ĵҲͦġ
룬˵׸磬ȻЩֻһҿջ˵ǿܾϣ黹Ҫٵһ£Ҹʦһͻȥˡ
ҪĽβĴ£ѾѾǿ϶ᱻϵġ
˽⣬֪ѾѾջҪ·ʹߴȥ˯
Լɻ鷿顣
ѾѾƹʰֵһſͷձ۾˻ԵС
ȵһһϵͳ


575 ûĵ

ѾѾʱһһϵͳϵͳĽ
ԭϵͳʹҪıԵѾѾκ˿ջ֮󣬻㹻ϵͳԶˡ
εһһ֮ǰĸ飬ϵͳ̳ڵĶӶһЩ⣬ҪľǶ
ʲô
ѾѾûȫѣʵЩĵġ
ʲôȱǺϵͳ֮άЩʲô
һһԼ˾֪ˡ
ŶѾѾϴ緹һֱǰǣҪ鿴ϵͳĶ
һһţԥһᣬҲû
Դ뾩ѾԶˣʱ䣬ǵûͣһֱ˾ǲͣ
Ǵҽȳʱֻȥʮ졣
ӳɽǾͣظ·ҲҪʮʱ䣬οĽڵ϶ϼҴڵعġ
ȻϼҴڣҪȻҪͲߵ̫죬ǻ·ϵʱ䶨ȻԶԶֹʮ졣
Ӧǻûе
ѾѾ룬ôȥһҪĽϲҪظ·Ҳпܻᵽˡ
ˣʣѾѾͷͷѾһЩƣ̬ѾѾһᣬҸ磬ȥʹڵլھǵסլ
ѾѾǸТ˳ͽܣɿ϶Ǹĵͽܵġ
תͷͷ˵ʦȥҼϢһɣȵĽˣٴȥ
ţϢǾȥ¥Զ
ͷЩȻھˣΪȥӵĹϵ֪һҾ¥ģ¥ϵľ¥һкܶóԵĶ
·ʱֻܳԵҪȥһʳ
ѾѾҲȥƻʳˣ˵á
˵֮ѾѾɻˣô
ƿӣĳ򣺡Ҹ磬ôݳﲻ𣿻ˣ
ѾѾĴͣЩӲҡͷŵѾѾչȷھǵļڻʹڣ
ѾѾ׳ΪʲôҪôʣӦȷ𣿡
аȻˣ⻹ģ⾩ǸʲôطʹʲôطȻܹѼҰھԱߣǰչݶô
Ĵ֮ǰǵҽڻֱ˼ңҪȥźˡ
Ҫû֪ˣòȥҽȸ˰ɣ
ҸץʱһԼȥûв뵽۸ѾѾʱ䵱ֲû֮һŻʹԣǳŻʹʻȥ
ͷϣƲƲ졣
ⰢǲУȫһûӡ
˵ͽֻǸãĹŮǻϵĹŮǸҽȶûʲôüɵġ
ǻϻǻȻпܻһ죬ǵöġ
Сͽھǲסʹڶ𣬾ҪסʹʹλҲҪԹϡ

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ͣѾѾͷ³ʱ˫ȻڶѾѾڿʲôһ
ͷޱȵصһ֮󣬾վһԣլ˿š
ѾѾ֪լһֱ˴ģԹȥš
Ÿͷվһߵš
ܿ죬ɵĴű򿪣¶һѾѾϤд𺳣ѾѾôô͵ˣҲŵǶѣôҲôͽӵǵǵϢˣôˡ
ŵ壬˷ܵΧѾѾתȦ˵ѾѾûѾͷֱƯˣεʱ򿴵ŮҪƯˣ˲٣һˡ
ˣǴĶ֪Ѿ˾ǵϢģյ𣿿ǵӦûô͵ɣ˴ӣ˸˵ģòǸճʱ򣬾ͻش˰ɣ
ѽҪһ·Ͼиˡ
ûѾѾкܶ໰ҪѾѾ˵һ˵ûûˡ
ѾѾЩ£û뵽ῴ壬ȵ˵һ仰ϽĻʵ磬㲻ڴô
һʲôˣÿһЩѾѾȥ˵㶼֪һҶ˰ҲǵģѾͷô£ҲȻؼңֱܵˣﻹЩ𣿡
˼ҶŮڣҲһڼ￴ӵǸ
Ѿøһµģϻһˣûꡣ
˵һҲûشѾѾ⣬ѾѾ˸ۣӿŲ׼ȥѯʡ


576 һ༸ϱ

ѾѾô찡ȵѽôöûˣ͸ٶĻᰡôﰡôˣȥ֮ǿ϶ҪŸ˵ġ
϶ǣûл˵ٸһᰡ
׷
ѾѾǾô˵ʱֱṦԺɱȥ
ûа취ֻܸͷ˵ôѾѾһ飬ѾѾһˡ
ѾѾȥԺ￴үӸǣҶճ緹Ժ·ʳ
ѾѾһֵʱ򣬴ҶסˣлųѾѾȥռСվԭؿѾѾ΢Цռͬ˫۷ҪүӣԼѾ˵ϡ
СʮΪеĴѾѾ˫ȣ˵СùãڻˣҶˡ
ѾѾѾȼиһͷСʮԴ˵ţҲ㡣
˵ͬʱƿСùôٸ˵
ڻһҪҪ
ѾѾ߹ȥվǰĬĬأؿϣһᣬ̲סҲۿֱסϣŮˡ

ѾѾò׺סϡ
һһ졣
ѾѾ֪ռǵԭ
ռҲ֪ѾѾǵԭ
ȥ𣿻˵Ҫʲô𣿡
û֪˾֮ѾùõպٽУʱְλġ
أӵûôа𣿡
ѾҴʦȥ̽Ϣˡ
ռɻүҲɻѾѾղû˵ʦֵ飬ʵʦô£Ĵʦ֣ôʦһģʱʦ뿪ӵʱҼǵ˵Ҫؼȥİ
ؼȥôͱɸһˣѵҾھ𣿡
ǣѾѾҡͷҽȵҲ˵ˡ
ռ˸ˡ
϶óԸƻûȣϣ˵˼˵ͷǸܳܳҽ˿ټҽôܡ
֮ǰ˿ô׬ˣôĸԸܵﵱҽˣ㻹ôģǮģǲʲô벻ˣ
ѾѾ϶һۣϹ˵ʲôʵģҲô˵
϶붮ѾѾ˼Ͳ˵
ͷѾȥϢˣûԹشҵ⡣
ѾѾҲ֪ͷ벻ˣɴһ䲻֪⡣
СùãƯˣҿƯĹԼˣаǵС÷𣿡
СʮѾˣǰѾѾţͰѾѾߣͷ
ѾѾǳ鴤һԴǸĸ֮ý֮ԣҪǴСøǾý֮ˣԺ󶼲˵Ļ֪𣿡
Ȼܷʲôĸ֮ý֮ԵĻ⻰סСʮʲģҲڽСʮԺɲǣ˻˵Ҫ޸
˶ûмѾѾˣҶкܶ໰ҪѾѾ˵
ϿѾѾѾ˵˺ܶˣ۵شǣ˺ˣѾѾջԵ㷹Ϣһ£ʲô˵ʵģ͵˵ʡ

գҹͻصѾѾңǻѾѾϢûд
ڣԹ緹֮󣬴͸ѾѾ˵ȥϢ飬˵Сʦãȥʹˣרȥ̫ҽԺˣӻûǣӦûҪٵȼŵ
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ѾѾĿɿڴڸʲô
̫ɫˣ˵ǸǷ֮أ鷳ȥʱͰţҪƼˡ
ڼǰ֪һǼҪǾס֮󣬾뷨ˣɽµʱ򣬾;ʲôջˮģɲϣŮҲΪĺջˮ
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ȻֱŮװˣ˾Ͳ֪ǹˡ
ѾѾϵɴֹ
εذɴãŮװˣһ˺ܶϱ
˵ҲΣҲ֪ŮôģȻôÿҲ˵Ƿɣ⺢ͦģͰүӵŵ㶼̳ˣ覴õĲأһ㶼ûŴ
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ǵùùòô˰
СʮѾѾĻŵ̲סһ䡣
ѾѾҲҲںҪںˣͻƲҵˣҲϣôҰɣԺҪ˵Ļˡ
ŶԺ˵ˣҪ磬Թùòȥġ
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ʱҸ綼Ҳˡ
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ΪҸɵﰡչˣֲǲ֪Ҹɵʲôˣ˵ء
Ҫ֪Ҹ粻ҪӾͷ¥϶һֱҸ߶ģ˼Ӿ͸Ҫһ
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СʮԭСùˣСùð纰ֻҪ԰Ͷѡ
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˵ôʵǻ᲻Աȥɱģ
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578  ҪעҪ

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챻ţŲӣʮһܼˣ˫ӣȺݺݵسųµ߹ȥߵµĶϡ
µһʹɿ֣Ŷӣϰϵؽ
СùãŮ˸ղңҿԴ𣿡
ʮһתȵģ޺ȥѾѾ塣
ѾѾղŶûж֡
һǹȥСŮȥˣһ˫ֻصؿϷ
ԣѾѾͷԡ
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µձ˵ĶӻվŭصʮһСӣȻҶִң֪˭𣿡
ʮһʵҡҡͷ֪ʦ˵˵ģ˵ʱûҪ֪Է˭ģڻû֪ԷݵʱҪˣ׷ˣҲ˵ֲ֪˭Ҿʹ˰ⲻܹҵġ
žǲ֪˼
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Ԭʳʮһ˴ĴָŶԽԽ뺷ˣܴ
ѾѾʮһҲЩ죬Ȼ֪ʮһһֱڸѧϰ书֪书϶ǲģû뵽Ȼôؽ֪һõô쾡¡
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СʮռҵӣƽˣƽʱʮһһʱʮһѧĶҲѧġ
ոҪǳµ۸ǣҲʮһһġ
ʮһı̫ˣСʮҵһЩ覴ó
Сʮҡͷ̾ϢʮһոնһЩӦҪȵִ֮ٶֵģһˣӵĻ浽ǰȥ㶼ûġ
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СʮһԼԴѽôһأ㻹ֻǸأǸôСĺӣŵ֮ԼЩʲô¶ǲ֪ģҲǸӰҲȲűѡ
Ҳŵˣһŵͻʧصġ
Сʮһ۳µѾͦҵˣڵûͽµıöΪʧصĶ
ȻҳСùãһңҪǲģͲռҵС
Сʮͱʮһ꣬ѧϰ书ʱȻҲʮһꡣ
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µıñǴȥµģ֮˵µŻǣһСʮĻ;òҪܣתͿСʮ֪ʲôʱ󣬶ĶֱһȦ
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¥滹кܶ˵ģЩеŽӽ¥ģоֵġ
ǵ˴඼ЩԼӽ£ӦøһȣƲ˵ġ
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ҲЩԼ޷˵˲Ż
Щ˿µõʱµֹסˣԼһЩ
Сʮˣչ˽ǣ˶ˬˣ󣬿µã˵˵ǵݰɣҪǻȥ֮ұ˻ûкãȥһ١


579 ûϢ

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ոջҪ˵ĳµʲô˵ˡ
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µѾߵĲ£ٵ뿪͸һ
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Ҹʲôϵ㵽Ҷӵľ¥ԶôӣôôҰһԼˣӡ
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ҪȥǸѾͷͦģҲܺദ
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ҲֻЦЦ
ܹĵطʵҲ࣬ǶѾѾʲô涼ֶֶŮԣܿ͹ˣҪȥ

ڶ죬ûĽϵϢĽϻûǡ
ѾѾֶֶŮȥˣֱȥݷة
죬Ľûл
һ죬үӱϴּ빬ˡ
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ھǵĵ죬ѾѾֶӸ綼򷢳ȥϢ
ûĽϵϢ
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ѾѾЩĽ·ϻʲô¡
죬ЩżѰ
죬ڰ졭


580 ôһ

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ֹ죬ԬҲʼżˣĴεѾѾ
Լˣһġ
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ûмǴĻӦǻ࿴Էͦ˳۵İ²ڹڸǱߵôھǡ
ѾѾĻµͷЩ죬㵽Ԭ󣬻˳Ԭʵ·ʾԬȥ͡
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Ԭʸ˵꣬ѽؽ˳Լ£ҸʲôʹˣҪıɱ׷𣿡
㣬ѵ˵˵ߵǷѾѾǧģʵҿô׶ûҪΪѴӦġ
ʱԷڵģҪ´ٳȥ˵˵ĻҾȥ˵ȡҸ֮ĻԼ
˵꣬»òǺ̧ܽԬʣԬʹöڵϣϲ΢¶һЩЦݡ
ȥѾѾֱۣ˵˵λؾΪ˸һͬβģأûǸѵϢҪҪҳȥٴҵҲаˣ￪һ̲ӣʶ˲ˣӦûһЩϢġ
̲ӣ
ѾѾԬʣҲ֪϶Ԭʽġ
ո˵֮ĻԼʱֳһôԸӣǸ֮µġ
ء
µͷţ̲ӣҵ̲ھɺˣԬ˵ô̲ģҵ׬ӣҷɣԣҷɵӺòã
ʣµӶҳԳԺȺȵˣҼɩӳԳԺȺȵˣھһֱסڼҵļɩҲʲôˡ
ң֪δĸɶϱ֮ڶҿɺˣҶҪͨסԼڼĵλˡ
ͦõİֳˣûʲô̲ҲԼȲŪģԺֻҪȥ̲ʱ򣬲ҪӾˡ
ãǾһΪˣԺȥҵȣȶٶУҿ϶ӵġ

ѾѾ飬ʼնЩ޾ɵӡ
Ԭʸ¸˵һỰ뿪Ҫȥ̽ĽϢ顣
Ԭ磬Ҳȥ
֪Ľϵģ֪ñԬʻҪֻ࣬ڹȥĶʮ棬ĽҲ֪һЩѣȤ
Ҫȥ飬ͲˣȥԼջĵܵܡ
˳Żô죿
Ͱµ˶ɳȥˣһȥϢˡ
գү³֮󣬿ѾѾֹ
Ϊϴν飬֪һܣһش󣬺ʥܣܲ⿪˶ţҲһζԼĹŮ˼ʵ
˲˵ܡ
үӿѾѾôļӣԥ˺ܾãԵؿڣѾѾ㶼˾ôˣôҲûȥҹɵɵͦȨƵ˵԰鵽ĽϵϢأ
ѾѾҡҡͷûõģ͸ɵ˵Ҫǵ飬ҪǸɵĽϵϢ϶Թ˹֪ͨҵģȻûҲûǿ϶ûеġ
ɵǸæˣҲ
ѾѾ뵽Щøָȥ鷳ɵû˼ΪĽϵȥ
үؼʵĶˣʼһλˣɹŮ


581 û㣬

ܳȥæ̽Ϣ˶ȥˣǲܳȥæ̽ϢҲ˰æȥ̽Ϣ
ѾѾﾩǵһ̫֮ҽ
չҪѾˣھҵļʦҲһҪҲң˼ܸһ
ֻʦܹˡ
·ϾѾյѾѾĽϵĻţ֪ѾѾʦҪҵҽ
ﾩ֮󣬵һʱ
ѾѾһĽϵϢشվѯʵĽôˣôôòŵǣ
ˣֱӹȥˣһᣬȥʦ
ѾѾʵǵȲˣ޲õһʱͼĽϡ
Ҳ̫ҽǲǴش⣬ֱӳſȥԼṦ˵ãܿҵ̫ҽ
̫ҽڴѧϰҽʱ͸¶Լ̫ҽϢ˾֮Ϊ˴̽ĽϵϢѾѾѾһ̫ҽĸϡ
Ҳ·ġ
֮ǰΪ̫ҽڼⱲһֱҽ֮УδȢף˵кˣֻм˵츮ͦģɽ첻ͬ
ѾѾ츮ͣ˺ܶкܶȥ
ҵѾѾϵõġ
Ȼ̫ҽ˵һĽϾס̫ҽ
֮ǰһֱżصȴĽϵϢڵ֪ĽϾ̫ҽ֮ҲϾ͸˹
ڸĽϾֻһǽ֮ˣѾѾȴЩԥǰߡ
㲻ҪȥĽϵôˣ
һһɻˡ
ѾѾһ¶ֲŵ飬һһһĽѾúˣҸʦûа취κˣǸô죿
ǰһֱûŬʱûôţ뵽ҪĽϵĶûа취⿪ˣľҪؿȥ
һ뵽ĽϻѾѾ;ԼǱʲôסˣʹѡ
Ϊ򣬾ҽٺãҲһЩûа취ĲˣҲؿЩǰȥûԹôܵġ
֮ǰСжҪȥˣʦһСⶾʱҲôôܡ
һһ˵һ᲻ǲ˰ҷԼе㲻ǺܸȥĽβˣôŬĿҪĲκõİôˣ
һһȻһֻӦǵϵͳŶԣҲǸʶܹϵͳ֪ʲô׹밮ӣа˱ɵӣ˱òԼ֮Ļ
Ѿ˴𰸣ȴѾѾ˵ӦòǲˣҲͦģܲκĽϵ⣬ҾҪĽ֮ȷġ
Ҫ꣬־ʦûа취κˣֻܾĵˣʵҲûʲô˹һ𣬷ҲˣܽԼʳء
һһ
ѾѾҧгݵغһŭҪһһһ١
ĽϲģģҴߣҲġ
һһôһѾѾҲԥˣֱӳԺȥ
ҪȥĽϵ
кܶҵˣţ˼ҵˣҵҵҪࡣ
֪˴ŻΪӦҶҵġ
ҵ˴໹ǰɽһƥˣкܶ඼ǵѾѾѾѾ֣æÿһѾѾ߹ȥѾѾÿ·žۼ˵ķ߹ȥ
ţ洫ˡѾѾƿ߽ȥ
֮Թ˸ɵĻڣŴ߹ȥ
ŵ˯˧һ˯ˣؼȻޱȣ˧񹲷ߣ˧ֻҪùҿһۣͻͨͨϺüĽϡ
Ľϵĵһʱ䣬ѾѾ뵽һֱúÿˡ
ȵĽϵòУһ֮ѾѾڶоǣһﲡĺܲᡣ
Ա̾ǶʮǰӦõˣĽϵĶַˣα֮ǰÿһζҪգ̫ҽ˵ٵȥҲܼ·Ĳ顣
ֻԭͣ˸طȽĶѹסڲŵˡ
Ѿȥˣ˵ƽ
ѾѾ֮ǰľո֮ǰܵľš
ҲȻ²Ľ·ϳŵˣЩΣԾغۿЩʣҲãӦֱȥǵģҲӦھǵŵġ
ѾѾЩҪĽǴζ֮ûȹڵȴĻ᲻ֻһʬ塣
ϵѾѾʱë£ƿƤȿǸȼлҪÿ˼ֵĹ֮󣬻ûüЦݣڿ﷢ۿʱüͷ
˵ûм㣬ôʲôޡ
ˣ
ѾѾûвԼˣֻϲؿĽϡ
Ľ屾ָ·ɫЩ԰ףҲûʲôֻ˵
ѾѾĽϺö˶˵ΪʲôҪɻˡ
վڴߣһĽϺܽˣĽһ̧
ĽȷʵҲôˣ̧زѾѾ۽ǣ˵޵ӳˣԺ󶼲ޡ
Ľ޳ģΪˣЩָѾѾ۽ʱѾѾر죬һ˲ͨͨͣ·Ҫһ
͵վֱ壬ȥҵز۾ҵ˵ҡҡҲûпޣ϶û˯ã۾̫ˣŻðġ
Ŷ˵û޾ûްɣ۾𣿡
˸ղŻΪĽϵ״ЩѹģѹһɨգЦеؿѾѾĽϣȻѾѾˣ϶ҲˣҾͳȥЩĹôöûˣÿúġ
βʲôģǲ̫ҽ˵ˣĽϵĶѹƸһġ
ǶѾҵҽˣȫԵĽϺѾѾɸһ֮ٿʼơ
˳ȥٶȸ˵ٶһ죬û˵꣬˾Ѿȥˡ
ѾѾҪĻᶼûС
ֻ֮ʣѾѾĽˣĽõúܣ鲻Խ¶һЩЦݡ
ѾѾȴЩΣǺڵӣҲȥĽϡ
ǰġ
ΪӾԼˣ͸һһ˵Ҽһҵ壬Ҳôˡ
һһ
ĽϿѾѾվŲ鶯תת˵˺öˣܹһԼʵˡ
ѾѾĽϣͷ߹ȥ֣ҪĽϵʱڰͣһ¡
ҧ촽˵Ҫȥ˽㣿
ã˶鷳˵֮ʲôϵСʱһϴأһ¶а
һϴ裿
һ
ϴ裿
˵һֻ㶼ԸˣҪϴ裬òҪҾ˰ɣ


582¡ĺÿ

ĽϷʵĿע£ѾѾ৵ı˵ϺӶҪ졣
죡˵ȥ֪˵Щʲô
ѾѾæȥĽϷͱĽ˵ͦεˣڷѾû̫ĸо
ѾѾĽϺܽԿĺëŵѾѾ϶Ůܰ㡣
ѾѾʱȵϢϡ
ĽϺȻͷʹѾѾϲȥӾ൱ѾѾһ°㡣
ѾѾŵ͵ɿ֣öҪðˣһֻŸոձĽͲĵطһֻһͷҿĽϡ
Ľ촽·һ˿ζԲԵ˵ѽǲ˼ˣҸһͷûע⵽ôôһ£Ӧòɣ
ĽüҪҪ׻
׻ȥ
һǹġ
ѾѾ˲ΣĽһۣ˵һǳȥ㺰˽ɡ
ŲĽϻҪ˵ʲôתһ˳ȥ
ѾѾȥ֮һֱڷ䲩żܺСһһ˹Ľ˸ߵơ
Ľһͷ˹ȥ
һӶʲô
Ϊ˶һأȻǰѾʶԼѾѾĸŮ֮ϲǻʲôŤŤġ
⣬ѾѾ϶ܹκġ
ţǵ峹׿ٸǱϵʡҪʲô⣬ǱѾͷģ֮ǰ**¡
ǱѾͷߵӻͦɰġ
ң
ĽϳСûغ
ûҲɵҪ
ѾѾӷ֮ûеһʱȥˣǱģȥˣᱻǲǸĽڷЩʲô飬ſվ˺ܾã໹ͨͨģ͸иС¹ײײȥһ
ҲȺģȵԼҪεˡ
һһҿǲǷˣ
һһûа취ѾѾ׽˿ɸѾѾǿԵġ
ֻǣѾѾ˵꣬һһҲûиɨ裬͸û
ôôȰҾ֢״
ѾѾ̽ԼĶͷһ뵽ոڷĳֻøˡ
϶˵ġ
ѾѾôɵΪһһѾ˵ʲôˡ
⼸꣬ǽѾѾĳɳȷʵǺܿˣͬˣǱʹܶ˶Ҫܶ࣬ʶҲӹ㣬ȻĳЩ棬һһǸ׳ա
һһⷽ黹ǵԼȥ
˾û˼ˡ
һһˣƾѾѾٸ˵ʲôҲ
˸ո˵ȥ˵ĵģԼСദĻᣬҲҪװװһЩ
ⲻ̵ڶ˵Ĺˡ
һѾѾվڷ棬šüģ첽ȥ
ѾѾôվˣȰǲ϶ϳˣĸȥĸѵ
˵ע⵽ѾѾɫϣô죬ѵ϶ѳֲסˣ
⺢ҲǵģԼ嶼ˣҲ֪ŵ㡣
̾˿һֶֻŵĸ裬һֻǣѾѾߣвĸڣĸ϶۸ġ
ѾѾͷܸоԼոձĽ׵̵̹ġ
ԴҪըĸоȫ޷˼⡣
ƿŽȥʱĽѾСӷ˺һˡ
ڸС˵Цġ
һһҲ֪˵ЩʲôĽϻǳǳЦ⡣
ɫ԰ףɶֵȻû˿Ӱ졣
ѾѾĽŴЦ·˻һ㣬ֻ˵á
Ǹ꣬Ǹĺÿ
ɿѾѾʱźۼؽѾѾĽϵķһ¡
ŵĸˮ̷ŵϣĽϣ΢һЩʵĿ˵⺢ҲǵģѾѾ㣬ô۸վء
ĽתͷѾѾѾѾͮͮСϵЦݷŴ˫˵ҪҪһ£ҿû۸Ŷֻǡ
ĳЩҪ˵ڵʱѾѾȵ졣
ЩЩеҪõӣ˸СӶʶؿѾѾɻְԡ
ĽϵЦݸӲˡ
ˣʼ磺û۸ŶҰ˵ɲܹҹ
һῴĽϣһῴѾѾЦеӦˣˣ⿴ˣǾͲ˵ˣѾѾЩģ϶Ȳż
ѾѾͷա
Ľǻ쵰ղϹ˵ʲôʲôһ£ֲ


583 ҩ

ѾѾͷա
Ľǻ쵰ղϹ˵ʲôʲôһ£ֲ
ѾѾôһֱͷأǲﲻ
˿ѾѾûѾµѾѾЩʲôȻװʲô֪ѯ
ѾѾһҡͷûʲô
ȻͷҪ߹ȥԡ
һԴ˵ϣôأ϶ԶģʲôģӦö˵ȥģѾѾ㲻ùˣֱӾϾУͰѶ˹ȥ
ʱ˿̵Ǹеˣû˵꣬Ѿŵķŵشˡ
ߵһѾѾסˡ
ϣ
Ľһڴϣ
֪Ϊʲôˡ
ĽСʹ˸ɫСæѾѾȥ
һѾѾ¡
˵һξСӿ˳۰
Ҫ֪ǰСӶȥɽǺ˳۵ġ
˿һѾѾ͸Ľ˵϶ҲԼԶҲҪչһЩѾѾѾѾǹģǧ˼Ұ
ĽϵͷѾѾ˵һЩһ㡣
ѾѾӱСӰ֮󣬾;ԴͣЩµģڵѾûʲô˼
Ľ˵ȥһ㣬ŲŲȥһ㡣
ûвĽҲĵŲ
˵ĽǶȿȥѾѾھǿĽϻŵġ
еĿŮΣ⿴Ŀ
ĽϵĲĥչˡ
ĽһģִѾѾļƹȥݵѾѾߣͷһѾѾĶ˵˲θ⣬ζӦûеġ
˵ʱѾѾϣûκοЩµζѾѾԴǳװչˡ
Ѿ͵ߣûʶſ죬һûע⣬Ľϵָһҧˡ
ĽϴеɳʵЦţϲҵָҪȥ֮͸Ը
ѾѾûзӦԼҧĽϵָǵģһ¡
ĽϳؿѾѾֱ۽ֽһЩ
˺ߵס۾
ѽڵǴ󵨰ǰֳ
ҪҪֹһأ
Ͼǹ컯֮£ƺе㲻̫ʺϰ϶ҲǺʺ̫ҵ˶ġ
һһҲÿȥˣѾѾûаεԾԼԼ
ĽѾѾĶó𣿡
ͻȻĴѾѾŵ͵غ͡
ϣ
ĽϳʹؽһѾѾӦԼҧʲôæɿͣƿĽϣվ
ָҧˣһµĽϣֱˣ嵹ڴϣײǽڵʼЩˡ
ѵ**СıӦ
ĽϵĲҽͰַĽϵĲҿˡ
⵹ùӣ
Ҳã˭**˼Ůӵġ
ѾѾԼڲòᣬûа취ˣ˵һ䣺ҺﺰһؼҳԷˡ
ˣ
Ľϣ
Сӣ
ˣǼôԶﺰؼҳԷ
ӦǸճ緹ŹȥһʱѰɣշ˺ȥʲô
ѾѾˣʣˣĽϸСӡ
ĽϲԵģ岻ָɬģûʲôθڳԵˡ
ڻڷҩڼ䣬ˮҲǲܺȵġ
˾ͽĸˮߣŵϣСӱϣԵòֺġ
ϵЦѾѾ뿪ûֱ֮ǳϡ
ոտĽϸѾѾĻȷʵһ𣬿ѾѾˣζˣǶһЩմһ
϶ģȻѾҵҽ϶κģԺͿԸһѾѾˡ
ѾѾôѾѾ϶Ҳġ
ʱĺӣǺúôͿԸѾѾȥϲ顣
˵ڰοĽϣ˵ڰοԼ
뵽ո֮ôõദҪΪ϶Ĳһãǵöϧ
ĽϸոһֱѾѾ뿪ķЦסЦݣȻػӦ˵Ļһġ
ΣԼ£ıѾͷҪػ
ѾѾҽûа취κڵĶôѰһְ취ְ취ֻɵĻᣬҲ
վɺãϢһɣѾѾ˵ʦӦÿˣ֮㿴
̫ҽ˵ˣҽҽȷʵ˵ãЩҽҽ˲٣϶а취ġ
ĽϡšһҲ˱ԼͰš
ŲĽϢ׼ȥ˵ҽˡ
˼ææسȥӭӡ

ѾѾһ̫ҽļңֱ뿪̫ҽҺԶˣڷ̵ġ
ƺһЩ̵ζĽָζ
ȻӺˡ
żɴûдô죬·в˶Ϊ˲ΪȺĽ㣬ֱʩչṦϡ
ҲռҵĴŽȥɴ෭ǽ롣
վȣͿСʮŸվǰ
СʮѾѾͮͮСùãոʲôߵôô죿
ʮһһ˵Сùʲôߵ飬æԵܹСùãҸүүүү˵ȥˣȥ
ҼǵСʱÿҵܳҲôġ
ҼǵСù˵ΪҵǷޣǲŻСùøҲǷʲôʱף
Сʮöϣʮһ꣬Ȼرʮһ˼껰֪ҲʮһһЩ
һ˫ԲĴ۾£ǰǰҵضѾѾ
˵СùãһҪڻϱ֮ǰףȻᱻġ

ôĽ
дܣףʲô
ѾѾûͷһһ¡
Ժٿ㻰Щ£ⶼʲô߰飬ǵСùֻ岻ˣ˲ŻôģҪطϢһᣬû±ңҲҪȥϹ˵
ѾѾ˵껹Ǿƣͷ϶¡
ĻطϢˣϾľԼˡ

طȥ˯˸ȵ˯ѹɫԴָ
ͷҲˣҵѾѾ
Ľϵôˣʦа𣿡
ͷüͷ֣ϵĶܹȷˣΪʦҲ˵ֶⶾΪʦ˵ҲʲôѽĶ
Ǽǰˣҿܻһͷˮģڵͦġ
ⶾķ֪ģǽⶾҩģе⡣
ô˵ɣⶾķѣѵҪҩġֻҩĲңΪʦҲֻϿ
ֻҪҵҩľһԽ𣿡
ô˵
ͷĻѾѾȼϣҿȥЩҩģϿмأ


584 ڵʱ

ͷĻѾѾȼϣҿȥЩҩģϿмأ
ƺҩͷ֪ģش𣺡ҩĵңζҩδֹҲδػںδ֣ΪʦζҩĲ֪ǷĴڡ
ϵ޴ҩģϵĶΪʦҲûа취
Ȼ֮ΪҽɲҽβͲҪҩһҩĽȱҽҲûа취ġ
ѾѾšüģζҩľʲôҩģ
֪֣Ҳϵͳ̳ڶһ
ͷ֪ѾѾ뷨ҲѾѾľܽҩһǸѾѾˡ
һζҩǱݣͷҽмأݳվĵطһҵһꡣ
ƺؼҩݣҲҩĵ֮£ֻбҲԳһ
֮ǰֻñݾκ˺ֻֻбݣ֮ʱͻҪʮλѪ֮֮Ѫ
Ѫ֮ж֮ڵĺɽ⣬һʮλѪ֮ڻѪоҪܼܵʹಢѪݶ
ֻñȥ˾ʮһͷֱӾͲ
ѾѾ˵ֵҩģڰ֮ǰҵζҩľֻϣδ˼ǡ
һλҩĸศɣж֮˷֮󣬾ͲҪٽĶҲɽеĺɾ᳹׵ػָһ˿֢ûС
ζҩķֱǱϸ˿
ϲͬͨĲϣѰĲҪһ࣬þ͸һ࣬͸һ飬бһ˵
㲻ҪƭˣȻͨԱϵͦģʵϱϱһ綾ͬʱҲǵĶĿǡ
һԶԿסĶԣݾܷãж֮ڵĺ
˿˼ɫ֩˿δ˵˭ɫ֩롣֩뱾ʹһЩԣе֮֩Уɫ֩붾ǿҺܸʴлƤ
Һĵط֮һ̲ˮ
Һһɫ֩֩˿ȴһ޸ЧܺõҩģƤɫ֩ҺʴˣֻҪܿٵҵ³֩˿˿֮ϣ׹ǡ
ͷѾѾζҩĵ֮̾˿
Ҫҵ⼸ҩģһһԸǸѵأҩĶѵð˾ûˡ
ͷͲһôΰĴѾѾ֪ģΪͷ˵ĻҲһ㶼⡣
ͷ˵ûа취ҵЩҩģǾûа취ˣѾѾͷ˵һ䣺Ȼطˡ
ողŴӷתص˷
һص棬ѾѾתϷţѯһһζҩ顣
ڱݣѾѾѾϵͳ˳
֮ǰϵͳĽ
Ѿǲϵͳ֮Ľأ˽֮ܳĽ
һֱϵͳġ
ֻֻбǲģͷԸʮ˵һ˵ҲԸ⣬˵ĽҲ϶ǲԸġ
ÿ˵Ӧһģû˵˭ӦøһЩ
Ľϵʮ˵Ҳ
ûȥñЩ˾ĽϵҲһС
ĽǱҪȵģǾҪҵҩ
һһҿûִϵͳ̳һ˿𣿡
ϵͳ̳ǼδĶѾѾҲӦûζҩģ޷ǾҪٻȥһˡ
Ĭ˺ܾãõѾѾҪΪǲȥ˯˵һһ˵ˣǲԴǱ߾֮ϵͳʱ㶫ġ
ѾѾ𾪣һһʱ˵Щ飬ǲǡ˵ϵͳʱͽֲҩ
ϵͳĶֱӷŵ棬ѾѾҪõʱֻҪĬһƷ֣ͻϣĬҩ֡
ܿһŸ޻һ֩˿һֻһ͸ıϳϡ
Ȼͽ⼸ҩ
ֲ֮ǰʹһһڵûȥκĽڵĶһһ˵ʱ
ҽʱ򣬶ϵͳҩûʱ
ڲǸʱ
ϻǻģ˿һĻһֻɫ֩룬˿ǶѾѾϽͰǶرڡ
ͷʱ˵ĽڵȶһģѾѾ뵽Ľ϶飬ϾȥĽϿ


585  ҵļ

ĽڻϢռҴˣռҵ˲֮ǰͼĽϵģǴӳھûмģͦϲġ
Ǵ֪Ľϻʱرظˡ
˵ռҵļӼ˾ͻ˵ù˵ӻˡ
Ԭʶûߵռſھͻ󺰣ѾѾĽϻ𣿡
ռҸҸúܽҵб档
Ҳ򸮣ڣſڵ⻰æܻԺ档
СݵںڱܣĪҪײˡ
һԺڣһ壬ͨ˵ֳŵŷ
ŷͣ½Ųһ֮˵֣ˣռҵ˵ˣĽϻˡ
ֵɫ˲䣬ոջŷ˷˵æţŷһȥҹ˵ʲô
ڣһӺݻĸǹ
顣
ָŷʱ򶼲Ǻܸ˵
ͨʱǵķ˶Ǻѵģһ˵Щ˲ĻǾҪܳͷˡ
ָŷڷš
ǰʱ֮󣬸ոջ۾ĸȫ˫ۣޱȣһЩڣ˵ɣǲϧңʲôҪ顣
˵ָŷ˵Ļġ
ǸղͲԾˣҲûȥȥˣҲˡ
һŷ˵
ŷڵϣΡΡؿڣأط˵ĻūŸոռҵ˵Ľϻˡ
żͨ籨ţҪڲ˵Ժ֪˾ͻͷ²
û뵽ʳҩģÿʳҩǰ綼Щĥ
Ͼкܶڲ֪£ʱҹˣ˵飬ǵкܶڲ˾ǲˡ
ŷ˵꣬Ѿһ
ûʲôӦһЦһŶڻ𣿿Ҫھˡ
ȻҲ˵Ҽ˶ǰСүĮˣɣȥĹײӶһõĹײģ֮͹ȥǡ
ŷͷΨΨŵŵӦǣūȥҹײӡ
ŷȥ֮󣬸˳֣Ϲȥֱ
ҿ
˲뵽ʲôʵСүأû
ط˵ĻСүӹӼѧֱӻڷΡ
లżСүߡ
ǣūԺȥš

һ޴͸ϢԺӣԺӵĶ໹һƬ֣СүĽ֮䲦Ūң
£ԱźƣСүټֽ˲ˣʵ̫ˣūãڻöڻص
ôūź޲ʱ޿̶ϣСүʱ޿̶ڹǰ棬ֻϧū֪ūҪʵ̫ˡ
Сүô㣬˵⣬ͨĶ鷨续书СүǺˣһȥ
ūôô˽ֻΪԼһ㰮ãء
ĽƺЦε˵ˣƨıҲǿ˲٣үڶˣȥЩĹɡ
ǣūϾȥ
Ķ˹Ȼá
ĽߵˣɵϢ𣿡
ûС
ŶǾͼҰɡ
Ľڲʮ꣬ҲڰԵĵͣ˵˼仰֮Ϳʼ˵
ߵ˿Եģԥһ˵СүūŽʱбռ˵ʲôĽϻˣūѰ˼ָ־ֻһ֣ЩˣǸǲǻһλӽĽϵİ
Ľߵ˰Ľͬ䣬꿪ʼ͸ĽߣĽͬĹϵ
ĺǰ˵ʲô˵ʲôġ
Ҫʲô˼ɡ
ĽԣҡͷûаɣҶû˵ʲôǵܵܵģҲֻһү
ҪǿԶһǵܵܵľͺˣҾͿԽҴȥɽˮˣֻܴںڶİ
Ľƻ˸ƣΪڳϡ
ҾΪֻôһӲŻעŵϣô˶ңǸģҪ뿪ȥɽµĶȼٴ涼С
˵ɺˡ
Ҫܶ༸ӣܾͲҹܵôϸˡ
ΪȻص˵ͷһ鵰ȥĽƣСү˵⵰ʲôأⶫҾñеĸ㶼óԡ
ҪгһգūŵݶˣūҲԳԵ⣬ֲݶ
ԣҪлᣬȥˣ̲Ҳǣٳȥ̲ǵõСһЩԲ
μĿӦԺŬεСү˰һڣһڵһ̲سţޱȵ⡣
˳ſԲү

һ磬ѾѾͽϵͳڵҩóͷ
ͷڣѾѾûгֵıҪˣǸĽϽⶾ飬ѾѾײ
ڵĽϿβһͷСŮʱ൱زá
ʵѾѾôû˵Ҫβ𣿡
ĽϲʳҲõ𣿡
ͷĽɵϣԼ·ʼԣ̧һĽϣһأСͽԭһ·϶˵ˣҪҵģô֮󣬾Ϳʼı⡣
òС۸ҹͽ˰ɣ
ͷ˵˵ž;Լˣôһ˲Ҫʰˤž뿪
Ȼ˵СӰԭ㳤ûԣΪǸ˾ӣû뵽ǸòȻ¹ޣҸͽŸβ㾹Ȼȥ۸ͽ
ʵңǲǱͽòסˣ˲е˼ҪĻҾ͡
ͷ˵ҾͲβˣӦѾѾˣҪǷڣѾѾԺкöҲ
Ҳ˵Ľβ飬вҪıҹͽòס˲е˼ҾԺ󶼵ˡ
һ˵һµв
ѾڴϣôΪΪˣвǿˡ
ʱʲô˼Ҳ˵ûеġ
ĽҲֱ֤ҷģҾûбѾѾòסʲô뷨
ȻⲢѣ˵滰
ȷʵѾѾһЩ뷨ͷõĲе뷨뷨ԴڱѾѾòסѾѾûòʱˡ
ǰʶȷʵһֱڵġ
ͷĽôϵı֤ˣͷʼβ
㲻ҪҶʹǿ϶ʹģҹͽ˵书ܺõģҾͲˣԼŰɡ
书øûʲôϵʹһ¡


586 뺯

ҩ֮󣬽ʵܼ򵥡
ͷֻҪÿոĽһΣĽϰʱҩ˼ʮ죬Ľڵĺɳ
ͷնᵽ̫ҽļȥĽĻжҩ⼸ѾѾûĽϡ
ڼŸոյ뺯
һ鷢ĻСʮʮһǣԺ壬Ǳ㶼ڼˡ
Сʮȿڣ˵СùãǻʹϯǼҸǸǻʹȥμϯʱܲܽңŸҵݶȥԱߵǸʹɴƯˡ
Ÿ˵ˣʹǻϵļңǹĵط
ȥ
ʮһػֽţҲȥҲȥҲȥʹӵԺֻ֮Ҫ˵ȥʹǾͲٳЦˣ
ұ֤˻ʹ֮ҿ϶СùõĻᵽܵġ
һֱ뺯ոСʮ˵ûʲôӦѾѾʮһĻʱ͵̧ͷ˵Ժ˳Ц㣿ǳЦʲô
СֶԺЦˣĿǰΪֹҪ飬ѾѾʱʹ¡
ʮһһסͣˣŸ˵鲻ܸ˵ģǲܸСù˵ȻĻСùÿ϶ͻᵣǡ
ȥԺǽѵЩˣһĻͻӰ쵽Сùȥűġ
ҡͷûûУʲôû˵
ֻҪܾϣովʲôû˵
ѾѾ

ʮһ֣
ʮһѾѾΪʲôȻȥǹԹԵվѾѾ߹ȥͣѾѾǰѾѾֻ֮һֱ۵ľˡ
ѾѾֱֽʮһšסʮһĶ䣬Ķ
ʹʮһۡؽиͣ
ʹʹʹСùá֣֡
ѾѾЦţǲǻʲôû˵
ǣǣҸ˵ˣ˵ˡ
ʮһԼĶ䶼ҪˣĻټ˵ѡ
źߣո˵ʲôˣ
ѾѾû֡
ԴֶǳŸүһĽġ
ʱҪöְԼˣšҲͦġ
ʹҲšŻͦ档
ʮһʹᶼˣίֿͰ͵سţҸ˵Ժ˳Цˡ
ѾѾɿ֣ʮһظոյϣΪʲôҪЦǣ˳Ц⣬ǻûжʲô
ʮһϣŶ䣬һѾѾ±ѾѾ֣ȻٹšĶ䣬æͷƲ죺ΪʲôǾǴģӣ;ǵǺüȣԺ飬ǵˡ
ҸֶܺãǳܹЦ⣬Ҳɲ˱顣
ҪҪǣѵǣᱻǸȥġ
տʼʱǲ֪ǻ书˺ü˹ҪǶֶŵġ
󶼱Ǵˡ
һСһֻԶԶĳЦǼ䡣
ŸҲ˵ˣֻǳЦǣҲʧʲôģǲҪȥǼƽϣʡøүүСù¡
ʮһͷþ͸ڷһСùãҿԱ֤ģǳЦǣǵʱҼûл֣ҲûлڵģȫǰվŸ˵ĻǲǺܹԣ
ѾѾ˸ۣⲻйԣɵûʲôƾʲôҪ˳ЦҪ
ԺҪٸҳЦ㣬ֱӴȥֲǲ书ֵܶľͱ˷ʱȥڣܶڵʱͲҪľͷһվɱ۸
Ҳ£ֻҪǲµľУǣҲܶܣܵа˽⣬͵˽ˡ
ʮһˣͷ´ٹ˵ǵʱҾʹǣͷѪġ
ͷѪ
УڸҵԺȥҽ̽ô˿Դȫʲôۼ
۸֮ұǷǳᳫȥġ
ᳫǶȥ
ǲǴ˵֤ݣñԴΪҪЮ⳥֮ġ
καӦڲ⳥ӵǰȥеġ
ʮһһֱһŵСʮ
СùùȻǸزūʱûԼزūԡ
ܿ죬ǱѾѾԺȥһڴ֮Ҳһ˿֤ݵѵ
ѵ꣬ص￴ѾѾСʮʮһ˵ȥǵ˵Ǹ׼·һʹ
ǣȥף׼·
Сʮʮһܵ÷ɿ죬ںֻܿʣѾѾһˡ
һһɻ󣺡ΪʲôҪôССһʹʹô£㲻ǻᱻԵ
һһڻʹ֪ԴϣС˵ϡ


587 Ů˵׬

һһڻʹ֪ԴϣЩ鼸ָС˵
С˵棬ǵһȥʹĶһЩţ񣬾ԼһãһνҲ׶༪ٵġ
ѾѾ⻹Сȥⲻͷ
һһЩС˵ѾѾЩҲһһ˵Щʲôȴһ㶼ż
ӦǻʹǸȥιǰĻʹҪƱİɣɻǻкܶȥкܶ˴ӲԶĵطϹΪܹǸʹһߡ
ڼȻѽȥʹ棬һʹǼҸڣҪѶ·̾ͽȥˡ
ȥ֮ǲҪӣѵسԺóԵĶȻʲôɲȥ
һһѾѾ˵úеԼȻеԶˡ
˺ܾò뵽һ㣺ˣ뺯治дȥμ̫ٳ
Ȼȥμٳ磬ǾҪɣﻹҪ͸̫ģ϶Ǿ͵ûˣһ˵
ѾѾ̲ס˸ۣúҲȥͿԲ׼һ
һһ
һЩԶԣѾѾ˵ƺе
ʱŷӦʶԼ֪ΪëƺֹѾѾСһȥʹһ
ʵϣֻǾЩѡ
һһֹͣ⡣
ѾѾȴæ
һһҪȥʹ̫ٵģôͲֿտյعȥˣ׼׼̫ε
Է̫Ȼ׼һЩõĶУ˵̫᲻ˣʱҪ׼̫㣬Щܴڵţ񶼻õسЦġ
Ҫ׼رãر
ǲܵġ
ǲܻ̫ȥġ
뵱ԬʹһԬ׼·ժһҰ
ڶգɩӸԬһץ
գɩӸԬһ鵰⡣
աǲӵġ
Ľϵľ͸ˣϾ֮ľңԶͱĶ鷳ѾѾֱӸĽϻһ
һ껭Ļݲݣڶ껭񣬵껭򡭡
ҲûлһǮӡ
ıҲֻԼ̿ʶѡ
뵽ѾѾŷֽűһë׵Ķ
ԭ֪ʲôʱĽűˣѾѾһᣬ漴뵽Щʲôֱӱҩ߹ȥ
Ǽÿ춼Եúܺãײˡ
ţ⣬ư
Ѽƻ

ÿ춼Եðװ֣ԲԲصøСһûһᣬѾѾ;ˣߵһСܵҩſڡ
ͳԿף˷š
ҩŵĶҩģкȴҩԭϣҲһİƷѾװƿġ
ҩĶö˿βˣá
ҪǳһֻһС⣬ҲпܻɱڵĹߡ
ȻˣҩĹϸͨ˵ѾѾͷ⣬ѾѾǲ˽ҩڵġ
ҩΪ˻һ
ѾѾڱϣϣպԿףƿ˽ȥ
ҩǼǰˣѾѾ֮ǰ뿪˾Ǻü꣬ҩžͻķ˺üꡣ
˲ҽҲûΪ˵ǰѾѾһ̤ʱЩġ
Ϊﵱʱ֩ǻҳĶ̫ˣζ
ʱҩﻹõҩ¶ŽɨһŴɨɾ
ʱ򿴵ľǸɸɾķ䣬طһļӡ
ǰкüŴӡ
ϳҩкܶӹҩЩѾѾδؿԺóǵ
ѾѾ粽߽ҩ˲ͲжҧĿȣͷͿë׵ģѩ׵һţݣҧĿӣ˺׺ݵĽ
ѾѾûдʱһذ׵ġ
ֱӰγذףԽһָȵĵط
ŵһ£æɿѾѾĿӣ˳ȥ
ѾѾذװλµջص䡣
ĬĬעһеһһֻܱһֻôر
ͬʱͬһѡ
ԺǻӰġ
ŻΪѾϲˣ϶뵽ֻΪĶ̫Ҫǵ᲻СĶŰϳȥġ
һȥ֮ѾѾֱַתŹϣֵȼ͵ƣߵеһǰ棬ͣ½Ų
Ϸ˺ܶƿƿ޹ޣкüŵСƿעĿ
ʱûвƿģֻǰ֪ôģƷ
ѾѾҵƷ˺ܶಣƿƿ޹ޡ
Щƿƿ޹ᶨڵ͵үǾټҰǨʱҲ˽Щƿƿ޹޵ģҲ͵ˡ
ѾѾڿһϰٸģĴָСĲƿװһЩɫҺ塣
òҪЩ̫ɣ
һһЩСƿӣϾͲµѾѾ뷨
ЩƿװŵǾĿڷҺѾѾ֮ǰҽȵʱûģİá
ڸڸŮµĺȺͷζ꣬ϥʧ߶εĸơ
ѾѾʱʱǴϺȵģǿԳںȵĶÿһʱͻܶ࣬һ֮ͻȫͻ
˵ЧֻܲһũÿҪٰ̫࣬ϲʹ˵ģںǷ죬ֻǺȡ
ⶫʣ˺ܶࡣ
ѾѾͷǰ̫˵࣬״ҲӦø࣬˵ûã϶ʺһö⻨Ǯȥá
Ҫ̫ԺˣҲԶһ㣬ЩõҩҲ
Ҫǣ͸̫Уһء
Ҫ̫ЧԺҪⶫʱ򣬾Ϳ̫˰
һһ˵ǸŮ˵׬ģΪŮǿʲô򣬻ƷƷ·ΣЬӰЩġ
ѾѾʵĸ綼Ů˵׬Ŷԡ
̳˵ѵĴǹҡ
ǵķװõŮԵ·
Ǿ¥ԷģŮľӶࡣ
Ϲֵ˵УһȥҲŮĶеġ
Ҫ׬ӣ͵Ҫ׼ŮгС
һһе͸ﶼ͵׬ȥˡ
ﶼ׼ˣֻҪȴӡ

ѾѾһȥʹϸѾѾ·֮󣬻һֱڵǣѾѾȷĲҪȥ𣿻㼸ֶȥҲУɩֶϱȥҲ԰
ܱСȥǿɣ
ͬĵĻϱ塣
ϱСʮ·ʮ˴ζȥ˻ʹ֮ǧܸǵСù£֪һжҪСùõģҪˡ
Ҳڸʮһ˵Ҫڻʹﴳˣ֮Ҿһ٣ˡ
ûµġ
һԵġ
ұ֤ᴳ
֮ͬһǰǼҸڵĻʹ
үԱߵŹӡ


588 ǸС

Щ͸ˣûصһүӣѾѾǼҪʹˣһ㶼İôĴྐྵӡ
үƤʲôõĵġ
ôûʲôõĵأѾѾǼǺӰǼ֮ǰʲôֲǲ֪ܽʹ˿϶Щٹ˵ģ˵Щ۾ͷϵģ϶ῴѾѾǵġ
ѾѾֳҲûиˣһ۸Ҳûܰˣ⻹ǵĵİ
Ҷĵúü춼ûϢˡ
̫ҲǵģѾѾֲʶٳ͹ٳɣﻹǵѾѾȥء
̫òҲЩһѾѾİɣ
òǾûϵѾѾǻʼҵ˰ɣ
Խ˵ԽԼ¶ˣĻ̫ôö˶˵ѾѾʹ
үüͷ˵Щģһ쵽֪ں˵ЩʲôԼն˵ˣѾѾǻϷĹȥʹμӹмݱȹߣ
˿ϰѾѾѵܵŻϵѾѾɣ
˵ѾѾΪǹô飬ӽˮִ˵ȣ˹Ҿ÷չڶ֪жΪѾѾĹϵϰչ˰ҵˡ
̫ǲϲѾѾҲøЩʲôаѾѾǺҲǳصģɱȥ۸^
㰡ˡ
ϸү۸òõѾѾǽʹʱѾѾû߳գûһ͵ʹſڡ
ѾѾó̫͹ȥ뺯ҡڵ߽ʹڡ
ʹ֮ҪȾһܳܳӣȥٰĵص㣬Ҳǵ԰
Ǿ̫ˣ߻Ǹ߸ߵΧǽԵЩ
ӾһƫɫɫǼеĻʹЩһ
ʮһƲƲ죺ʹҲǺƯûǼÿ
꣡
СʮϽȥסͣ˵ھڻʹ棬㲻˵ĵģҪ˵ʹÿ⻰ˣǻᱻɱͷģҿ˵ˣϵ˶Сģ˵һ㲻õġ
Խʹ棬˵һҪСЩ֪𣿡
ʮһص˵ͷ֪ˣһû˵ʱ˵ЩģͲᱻˣҪǵ˻ǰҾͻʹؿǸܳϵͷҲ˵ò˰ġ
һ߻ϣʹҿƯĵطڲûʹжƯ
Сһ̸֮ѾѾǳ鴤һ¡
Ҫǻ˵ôС˵һ䲻õĻУǾո˵Щ㹻һٻˡ
ǻһ˵Ų˵Ļһ߰ʲô˵˳
ѾѾʶشΧҪû͵ֶֶŮ˵Ļ
һ˲̫ĸо
Ȼڻʹǲ˵ġ
ѾѾ̧ͷܵʱǰŮ˻عͷ
ҪһЩӦøͲ࣬ŮĴ磬һʮ꣬װ磬ϴŵ·ܺãܹڻʹģһͲͨ˼ҡ
ŮеһѾѾЦһعͷȥߵĸ˵֪Ǽʲô𣿡
мĸ˿ڣЩмھûǼεľٵļ
ҾҲǣ֮ǰһǴСطģȫûмһȻԼļʹԱȣ˵󲻾Ļῴ̫һҪ̫˵̫ﴦǡ
ˣãЩ㲻ȥֻ̫ܡ
ѾѾôọ̈̄δııôڻϸ̫ǰٱǣֲԵôؿ⡣
ʮһСʮңǼ˵Ҳġ
ʹС֮СʮʮһڴһȦμЩ˵Ĵ֮ٻعͷѾѾ
СʮüͷСùãǲеġ
˵кܶԵԴһЩᵱеģμ˿϶кֻܶûг׵ӣǱпܳΪδСøģɴˡ
ǿĳ࣬ͲȤˣֶɱԼԵ
ʮһͨ˵Сʮõĸ࣬Сʮ˵ĻûʲôʱʮһҶظˣοСʮ˵ôеʮһǺ޲þ˫˫ȥͬˡ
æ˵û˵̫ˣСùã㻹ǽϵɴժɡ
ֲǲܼˣΪʲôҪŪɴϰ
Ҫñ˿ˣ϶ΪΪ̫ˣԲŲҼ˵ġ


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˼ǵˣѾѾǼΪʹҲĻٵʲôģǲŵģ΢һЩȫģԱҲ֡
һɴĹ۵СӸСڳô˵УԵעĿ
Ǽʲôˣôûмǣ
ļҵĹС㣬ôԼμˣҲûʲôģ
ʲôϾȻŸɴǳ󵽶û𣿡
̲ˣǼҲ˼ˣӣеӵŮ⣬µҲװѾߵӸŹˡ
ѾѾǼ˳԰۵ʱ򣬳µҲע⵽ǡ
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԰ڵ˶Ǽ˴ˣѾѾǼҲֻǼ̵һͿʼȥкʹϵʹϵάùϵάùϵ
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ڶһ̫ӰٲҲǺү֮ģЩ˿϶Ǹ̫ϵĹϵǳһѪԵϵġ
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СʮʮһͻСǳ̫ʳԻݣƽʱǳԵĵġ
ƽʱڼԵģԵܲô㡣
ڿӵĵģ˶ʱͳ˳ԡ
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絭˵ҪڲúóԶɲûлˡ
˵ҲԣôȻ˵ϵĲǣǸλȥˣ̫ˣǿ϶ǵģ˵ǴͱͷˣôʳˣĹܱȵҪá
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˵˵ţǵףףҪȵʲôʱȢҸţ˵̫ңжҲ뽫ǵĹŮ޸磬Ҫǲ޹ȥ»ҹζˡ
üͷҵǲģֻűϲԺĻʺ󡭡
ߣǴʷҵŮѣʲôȣϲǵ費ͬ⣬ҲûϷ
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µҲڿѾѾǵķսȭͷޱȵŻϸֻ̫Ҫ̫ϹˣѾͷ϶ͷġ
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ѾѾǰᵽ֮ҲȥѾѾҰݷùΣȻ֪ѾѾڳʲôӵģѾѾɴֻޱȵİۡ
ѾͷҲǵģֲǳòܼˣôŪһɴסˡ
Ƹղж˶ĵǲǼ˵ء
˵ǺӣЩʲôء
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ѾѾǸѾͷҲͦġ
ŵ˹ȥþ˵Ǻʲôʱôܵˣסʲô鲼޲ˣȻôϸɴ澹Ȼ˫ͼûӰ
ĬĬذѵŲ
ѾѾǺӣǸƽʱڼԵĶᱻסĺӣһôģЩĵǾ˵ġ
ûһϵĵľͱһ롣
˿СǺƭ͹ȥ˵ǿȥǰϵĶǱߵĶóԵأϵĶóԶˡ
ʮһǱ߿һۣ˼ЩʲôתŴģԲ۾ʳڣĿȥϵĶ𣿡
˵ȻصͷȻ԰ǿˣϵĶǸ˳Եİ
ʮһѾѾҿ𣿡
ѾѾˣüȻ˵ԵģǾͿ԰ɣ
ĻѾѾû˵ȥʮһˣѾѾЦЦ֪ˡ
˵꣬ͳ߹ȥ
һץĶߵʱ򣬻˵һ£ϵĶײ߰ġ
ոոʮһ˵ȥץЩԵǰ˻ӣֵͬܣڸǹϵЦúܵ⡣


590 ȥõ

ǼǶͶ̥ɣһϵĶԣȥ̫ϵĶԣŪ߰ģϸ̫ˣǾˡ
ǼòӰɣ֪֪ʲôϰ͸·ˡ
ʮһֳĶЩ󣬴ҶתͷˣڴҲʮһˡ
᳡ضŪ߰ˣֻǷͨ˼ҵ϶˲Ȼŭģοڻʹ棬̫ٳϡ
ʮһѾѾǼǿ϶׶༪ˡ
ִüˡ
µΪҪѾ߲ܸŽģЩƣƵҲɢ
ڽϱѵûа취֣ɽϸ̫϶׷Źǵġ
μϯҲˣ̫ӣǻλҲ½Ǵһ͸ǰźõλϡ
̫Ӹ֮󣬿ʮһǼץ˴ѵĵķϳԣüͷ
ǵݰϾͶ˼־裬Ҳֻǿţû˵ʲô
ӵλӸ̫ӸҲڶѾѾ
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ѾѾ˫۾ǴСģֻҪǼˣһǡ
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ǰ˶ֱӹˣΨѾѾǼ֮ǰһһƣڳԵġ
˻Ӹһģ״˵ǼҲ֪ôӣҲ֪£ǾˣڹģʽѵҲǺġ
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ʺĻϯϵĶ󲿷˶¶˻õ顣
µ磬ִǼüֻ
ʺĻ£ѾȥץѾѾˡ
ҪǵʱʮһȻܳ£ứӿؿϣ̫ԩҲǹȥǼŪҵģȥŪģвңҪҲĻ˴ңҺ°
Լ˲ҪҲСùøҽҲģǸкӣӦҪǵġǶԩġ˵Ӣ䣬¼ǧѵõһλ϶᲻հ׵ؾǵǲǣ
ʮһľٶùץ˵һ£΢ͣһᣬûлټץˡ
ΪϿ˵ˡ
϶˵£û޵κ˶ܶǡ
ʮһڵŲŲأŲصѾѾߣСùã϶ô˵ô׾˰ôϸŸ绰дЩϲ̫һ
ѾѾûʮһȻŻϸ̫󿴡
֮ǰһֱ׵飬ҲŪˡ
ֱֲӱΪֲÿֱסʹڡ


591 һ£޵ĸŮ

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˶Ĵתͷ
˭˽ҵ𣿻ϲӦҪǼ˵ôȻҪǸҳ
Ҹòǻߵİʲôİɣİǰ⼸𣿡
ڴҵ۵УѾѾϵĵģСʮԴ֮Ż߳
վڻǰֻľ롣
˭յ׾ͱҿˡ
Ҷˣ˭ǿҪ˰ÿҪ鶼ô࣬ҪҲô࣬϶кܶǲסġ
ƽǶ֪ЩǵĴ϶δؼǵסء
ǰǾӵˣȻϼסˣζʲô
Ȼζǰ˲ӣһǲ֪ĴϻϵǳģϾƺϲһ
ողû£СֶӽϯŪһͿģϲҲûгͷ
ֿˣ˵˵ոΪʲôû¹򣿡
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һ㶼Ҫ֪ƽʱԼļӶûй̬ôõʱ򣬶ھȻһСôãС﾿ʲôﰡ
ѾѾֱŻϣûΪǻϣӻǻʲôġ
󷽵ػشϵ⣺ػϵĻŮǲ¹ֻǻЩ̫ʱ򣬻ʱŮڳһը飬ֶͣҲͣȵ꣬ɾȥ¹򣬿û뵽Ҷô졣
ѾѾ˵ʵ
ϯϲ׼˸ֵģը֮ĶѾѾڳը顣
Ȼڲ֪˭֮ǰҲ»ҲûžͲϵģô
ֻû뵽Ѽָ꣬ͶŪɾʱ䣬Щ˾ȻôѸ٣֮졣
ԥҪҪʹһֵ͸һ͵ͳȥˣ񱲻顣
ҵֶֶŮȥ¹ԭΪ֮ǰǸԵ׾ͽǣǵ֮ҪҵĻʲôǲſʲôûʲôǾͲʲô
ѾѾ˳ʮһСʮˡ
˵˵ţԾڻǰ˵һ˳ơ
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κλϷأصϣֽ̫ӵˣǲŻһֱҲᡣ
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ϾȻôȻȥʺ״ǲ
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һȻǸûʲôʶĴá
ڶûŪԼʲôطɣ
Ҳǵģôһ˵ء
ⲻǰܻ˹𣿴ϰǸΪӵˡ
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󲿷˶ΪѾѾôȻɵʺ״һ˲Ͽ˵ĻôҾˣ˻ǲǽ߽ʹķʽ̫ԣȥ˸ٵĻʹٵĻϡ
ֻʻʺ󣺡ʺһˣ޵ĸŮ޾ĸɵҲʲô
ܳ
ϾȻǳĸɵеǸɵȻǻϡ
ֲóҹȻĳϸʺ״
ӻϻĴ泤ֻعˡ
Ϻ˵ʺ󣬼ȻԳ޾ͲǿųˣԼعɣû޵뿪޹
ʺû뵽ϻΪ˳һ
һĻʺĸµˣҵ棬ϲ֮꣬棬̫һ᲻ܵġ
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̫֣˻ʺĻ˵ˣϷԣȻ˵ˣȥִаɡ
˵꣬ѾѾ֣ѾѾ̿ôʱ䶼ûм㣬ˡ
ѾѾ߹ȥ̫ߡ
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˾Ѿˡ
˻һĲޡ
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592 

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ûʼԶϾ׼
ʮһոǲ˵ЩӶŪ˵ģ
ʮһһ˫Ĵ۾صͷͷ絷һû˵ȥүү̵̫óԵģȻҹȥöԵʱһʣҾΪһ²ŻϵĶײҵġ
ҸնǺΪʲôҪأˣû뵽Ǵ⡣
ҹȥֹңҰŪˣȵүү̫֮ȥҸùã˵ǲ²Ūġ
ѾѾϸ̫ɵ̵ģʮһѾѾֶӣԼһ¹ùõĵǺүүģǹùõĸɵǺүүˡ
ùõĸ̺̫̾ûˡ
ʮһ˵һ룬;ͣһᣬɻؿŻʵǸүүΪʲôҪôֲʶԩ޳İ
ѵƽʱҲ·ϿһʶģֲϲˣͻȥݺҪĻĳ˿϶رġ
ԻڶûĳŪǸ
УҺүүһǻϣϰҲӹһˣҪ˻ϣԺ󿴵ĸϰղ˳ۣͰ˸ɱˣǾˡ
˵ǹҺܿûˡ
һ仰ͯ޼ɣοʮһѾѾֶӣ˵ЩϲĻҲŭ
е˾Ͳһˡ
׼һ͵İ˻ϸʮһ֮ĶԻ˶ɵˣʮһĻ֮󣬼öͷ϶ðź
ܻ˵˵ҲŲˣҲŲȥɱ޹أʣҪС˵ҸղҲûԼϵĶײҵġ
ֻǸ˵ˣҪϵĶԵĻȥӵĶԣԼľ͹ȥˣһûһء
ӸӨӨе㲻Ķӣǲ̫ԸһĴܵܵġ
ûȥˣǸСƨȥñӵĶԵģƾһ㣬ҲŹġ
Ȼ϶԰˻Ӻʧɽ̫Ҳܵʹð˻ӣƻ˽ϯȻҲð˻ȥϯʼˣ˻ӱ亹乡
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ЩʵѾѾŮ
̫ٳЩСºܿ͹ȥϯʽʼ
ѾѾڻ˽ĻʹٳŪøƽ֣˻Ϸ衣
û輧أҪúÿʵĲЩ
̫ٳϲûа˳ϷҲûа裬еֻǸʼ󳼼ҺǵĲձݡ
ʫʸ踳黭ˡ
ʫԶǱ˵¶ѾѾһϵûУȻСʱҲѧô£Բʲôäġ
Ҳڲäܱһ徭ѣҪʫԣǿЩѶȣȤҲûĸĻҪȥʲôġ
黭ʵ巽棬ֻ⣬٣飬棬趼ͦߡ
ΪҪĽдţܱĽϱȥġ
ΪڽϵͳڵĸͼġżҲԼһ£ôˡ
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챻غ׷ġ
ֻڴұ黭ʱѾѾҲֻǴСʮʮһͷԶѡ
ҵĹСΪڻϸ̫ǰˢڸУ˵ʹ˻
Ӹ̫һ飬׳ԶѾѾüͷϾǲ
عԳֻԷ顣


593 

ѾѾûǵʱ򣬾ĴԣҶ֪Ǵóﶼġ
Ҳ֪̫Ҳ֪ġ
ԣ̫ӿѾѾķҲ˼ʫʸ踳黭ȫģϻɴĿʾˣǳҲͨһ˵ġ
û˳ҲǿϵЩѣҪܡ
ϻкܶ˵ģ»ᱻǵĶԻû˵ȥ

ִǽö˹԰֮ǰ뿪һСᣬȥ˴ὫѾѾ˽ʹ֮˵ĻʹǼƯĻ߻ϡ
뵽ʲôæִȥ
ִ粻⣺ΪʲôҪǼȷʵ˵Ļİʱûȥͷǲͦõ𣿡
Сĵؿһܣȷû͵˵ˣִ磬սĶߣ˵ոյѵûǽǼŪôңڻϹʱû¹򣬻һɣ㿴ϳͷ
Ҫǻ֪ǻ˵ʹǼƯϻͷǼ
ҪǲĵĻԿǱߵİ˻ӡ
ִ糯˻Ǳ߿ȥˣڻûð˻ӣ˻ʱǰȫģϣ͸һɫ԰׵ӡ
֪жôļ尾
һӾΪҪŪһǶˣҪȥ鱻ˣ
ִӦûúܲҵġ
ߴ٣Լվȥˡ
ձݹ󣬾Ļڡ
̫񣬿֪ôôôġ
޳У鱦ʯ֮ģĴҶ˼ó
ѾѾһԿöˮˣͲЩĲźãڿĽ̫ˣ̫ʱ˫ﾡĽɫˡ
Ͼ̫ϣѾѾҪ̫ʱ߻Ҫӻǰȥġ
ǻϸоһȵڿ̫عͷȥѾѾӣ̲סЦˡ
⺢ӹȻһ̰ơ
̰ôĿŵǰأҲ֪һЩ
ҶˣʣѾѾûˡ
ҶڿѾѾҪϸ̫ôܹͳʲôϹǵ
ѾѾûע⵽ڿȫעؿ̫ո˵Щ
ЩֵǵĶÿһҪġ
ʮһѾѾ·˵СùãҶǻûˣǶڿǡ
ѾѾŻع˲ǣЩڿǵЦЦӵ³һµӳ
ǣϲֵص綼ûֵˣǾ˴ȥЩӻÿûʱ򣬾ԺƸƷѾѾÿˡ
Щ⼸ȥвҪء
ϯϵ˿ѾѾóӣһʱ֮ҲӵֵסˣǸǡ
˼ɣﻹ֪ôÿװţǿӣ֪Ķ϶Ǿޱȵġ
ûųܻ׬أͳĶƶûʮˣοҪ͸̫ĶȻʲôϡ䱦ˣ̫Ҳܻô
ѾѾӽˮпԼǺ׬ǮĶ˵ѾѾһ֪Ǯһ˵𳤰Ҷ֪üҲݵȵġ
ͳͶôһЩڴ
СʮʮһԱ˵ĻĪؾЩΡ
ЩôôǵСùãѵǵСùþͳôα˴ܴ󷽵Ĵ
СùãֱӰ͸̫̾ˣǧҪóˡ
װľǼÿ춼ˮȵĶ
ʮһܾˮѡ
ղЩ˶̫ôĶҪСùĽͨˮ͸̫ˣõȵ֮Щ˻ôȡЦСùˡ
ԭǾСùõµģε󣬿СùûӼ޲ȥ
ѾѾ˵ͷ
ʮһѾѾǰĻȥˣͷĵؿѾѾǸӳ̫߹ȥ
ƾСùڵݣиүү̶̫ôСùã϶û˸СùõĶóġ
ڸ̫ˣ̫ʲô⼴
ҲԲȣͣϵ¶ĿѾѾһ·ߵ̫ǰ
̫ѾѾ࣬Ҳӻ˵ѾѾ޿ŵ飬ǰ˵ˣҪ̫ڴġ
̫ں󹬴ô꣬ʲôûʶȻ֪ڳЩ˶ЩʲôɲѾѾˡ
ӹѾѾݹӣֱӽ
˭֪ѾѾӵݸ֮󣬻Це˵̣Ͳ뿴װʲô𣿡
̫̾˿⺢ڴˣȻ̫ˣ͵Ķܵô˵óҪôҿˣ֪ܹʲôء
⺢Ҫ˵ûǮˣ
Ҫ͵ĶֵǮģʱǸģܿŵĴˡ
Ĵǻٵһҵġ
̻ȥ֮ٿʲô̶ϲġ
ֻ̫ܾԼܵȥʾѾѾҪھͽҿ
ѾѾƺİʾ˵Ҫǲڲ϶ǾҵˣҿɾҪˡ
̫󣺡
ѵܼ
ƽʱ̫Ҳ˵ϼ仰ļλ˸˵̫ôˣͲǿҲ뿴Щʲôö
ѽ̫ˣͲǿ˵ⱲҲֻΨһλܿĺöˡ
ϿһѾѾƺĺ̫ӡ
ѵѾͷĴһأ
˵ĸ󣬼ȻͲɡ
УھͲѾͷЩʲô
Ҷô˵ˣֻ̫ܴӵĸӣǳεģһĸӣϻһЩÿͼ
ΪúܼҪǲ򿪸ӵĻ濴ǿĶġ
̫ǵһβôģӴ򿪣Ķʮ͸Сƿӡ
ƿװһЩˮ
̫±ˣⲣͨ˼˵еˣǶЩ˼˵ЩֵǮĶѡ
ѾѾЩʲôã
ΪЩ
̫ķӦҲܿ죬մ򿪺ӵ˲䣬ͽӺϡ
´һſĶ
̣ôԼ˾ͺˣӦøҿһµİ
̫ķӦѾѾɾͲˬˡ
߽̫һ㣬̫ϵùˣӴ򿪡
̫󣺡
ĺۣŮ̫ˣĶҿ
ˣҪԺˣ˭ҵĹӣԸǴͻˡ


594  ̵

ͻ鶼еĻǾûԴͻ飬ʱѾѾþеĲԸ⣬ڳ֮Ҳ϶ǲ۸ѾѾġ
ôţ̫ͳ׷
ٿѾѾߡ
ڻӻڴǿѾѾ̫ٶ;øӵغˡ
̫󿴵֮󶼱òñ˿ġ
ôȲҪչʾҿⲻȲظҫ͵ĺö
װĿ϶ЩʲôƷĻ̫Ҳӡ
ΪٺöǣڶĶ˺档
Ҳǳ˺档
ѲѾѾˣ
ʱ䲻ѾѾͳˣҲôˣ
ѾѾϵӶѾˣѾѾϵѾ򿪣ԿĶ
˶۾ȥǾ͸̫һеʮƿܿЩƿװһЩҺ塣
ڴ󳼣
ڻӻ
ϣ
ʲôϡƷ𣿲˼ѵһĴ󱦱Ƕ˱Ϲ۾׼ǿЩ
ִѾȥ˻ҲĶһ£漴һϲ˵Щ̫׼ôĲƿӦûӰɣ
ƿװĶòõķϰɣȻ϶òƿװţˣֲ̫ôϲء
Ǵ̫Щ԰ֲݲݣ̫Щ԰ֲˮأ
Ļ£кü̲סЦ
˻һֱͶѾѾڵȴѵأڵȵˣڣڴ̫ˣΪҶǴһôϲġ
ֻܿϧǾǣǻʹɲСӣһĸСţʮָմˮģ˵ֻ˲ŻˣһĸˮʲôӶ֪ء
ͻĸķϣĸ
̫󡱿ȿȡŰ˻ӣ׵ʱϲǸżҸĴȥߣµظһʲôģׯ˼ֲʳǣױܶǡ
ʫƣҹţСʱ˲ʶũҿ࣬νй
˼˵ũҹͺǣϽȥţѵԽԽ۵üϲˡһ˲֪˵࣬˵ĵȻȻͳɵġ
ҲϣҳΪǲʶũҿˣڳԵģģӦöʱ̱žη֮ĵġ
˷ϸңȻϲȻὫ˷ǡĵط
⣬ǰ˻ӻ˾ȻˮʲôӶ֪˲£ϲ̨ģǰҿϣͬ⣬˻ͬ뷨͵ܱߵׯȥһµũٷŻ
̫ͣԭǲ̫ˣŰ˻Ӹո˵ЩЩȥ
ɵӣר
Ȼ˵һ̫ˮʲôӶ֪⻰ҪǴȥˣùϰջҪġ
ϵͷĸĽãǱտʼڳүةڳ͢Ҫְ⣬ȥܱߵׯӴһܻ֮ؾ
͢ϵҲû˴Ҳȫ˶ȥġ
˻±ˣ
ôӣ
ŮԼڳ͢ûְλǶ˻ӣǰ˻Ӻǡ
ѾѾĬĬؿŰ˻һȵˣûʲôؿڣǲ˼Ҳãû˵ƿʲôŸô鷳
̫̣ʵⲻʲôϣҪҪϵĻһȥ֮Ҳ˸һЩϹʱһ˱עЩʺֲʲôġ
ʵһҩԼҩҸȡһ֣ĿڷҺ
İ
ڸŮµĺȺͷζ꣬ϥʧ߶εĸơ
֮󣬾ܼʧߵ֢״ܹһҹߡ
ˣ˯ߺˣ˾ͻء
ǲ֪ﶼѾʮˣڴҿǲǲʮͷء
ѾѾž˵һѹĿڷҺĺô
˵֮˵˵ĻҪ֮󣬾ЧҾͼ͹Ҫ˭ҪԵģҲŶ
ϣ
ԭûѾͷѾͷţ˳̫һ档


595 ͷˣúһѾ

ѾѾĿͻڸˣ
ʲôһԼʲôڷҺǴǲҪŻȥİɡ
û˵Щ
ǿɲΪԼܱȰ˻˻Ӷˣοǡ
ǲ֪ǣδĳһ죬Ƕᱻʵһ㶨

ϸ̫ҪѾѾСʮڻʹҹʮһͻСҪǲڵ˯Ļͻ޵ģѾѾֻܴǻؼҡ
̫޹ڣѦֿ̫óѾѾ͸ľĿڷҺĴҪȵӣǵǰȥֹ̫ΪأĪⳢԴ˵ҩƷ
̫Ʒūȥ̫ҽһ
ء̫֣ȻִһƿĿڷҺ
УȻִ̫ҪȣūƷһū̫ҽҲû̫֮зá
Ѧָ̫ʮ̫꣬ǰҲԵĹŮôн
Ϊ̫彡룬ֱӴ̫ĿڷҺһ
̫Ҳûֹ֮һƿĿڷҺľͷӣָպ껹ûлعֹʱһںˡ

Ѧżش󺰣溰ȥ̫ҽ
أ
ֹ̫湫ȥ̫ҽΪѦ˵õģⶫûģǸŮҽͽܣҽҽ޲ڵġ
ⶫǺ׼ӵģʲô⡣
⼸հЩʳѰģҹҲ˯ţⶫõǼʱӦܹ˯þˡ
ҲŰû˯ãҲȵʲôڷҺҲãҲܸ˯þˡ
ʣµҲһЩȥɣûˣǸѾͷ͹
ѦȫѦΪ̫źڶʮ껹˳Ļᣬһδޣ̫Ͱġ
ѦȴľĿڷҺ̫Ǹ˵Լ̫³çһƿʱ
̫ҲֻЦЦ˵ȥҲգԺÿնʱһҲá
ҲüžܾҲǰװ׸õġ
ҿѾͷⶫӦûûи̫˳ԹģЩ˿϶õģǰһ˳ȥ˵ⶫöõģǿ϶š
ҲһˣǾͶһ˵
ū
̫ô˵ѦˣȻѦȫҲܾɡ

ѾѾȥʹĵڶգͷĽǻˡ
ʱϻһ㽶ġ
Ľϸġ
ϵĴûж˻Ʒ㽶ζ֮ȥģͷġ
ͷڶ㽶ֵġ
Ϊ˿Ľϼṩ㽶ͷԼͽܡ
һͻصţѾѾĴʦȥѾѾ
ʱӦĽö˶˵ܻʲôҪҺȥ
ѾѾһֵظŴʦֳŸͷŵĿͷ߹ȥ
ʦǸʵˣǱռϴ󶼻Ҫ񣬶ҪʵˣҲΪܺʵȫ˵ѵˣ˵ʲôʲôͬģ˵ʲôҲû˻ỳġ
ʦһĻеǣ˵Сʦãʦˣҿʦûصӣ͸ɵһȻȻԡֶ
ʦһ뵽ԼǸ棬;öķθ
ɵ˵ҲֶİʦǶɵʲôˡ
ʦ˵ֻ˵һ룬˵ģѾѾһͷˮ˵ʦʲôˣ
ǡǡǳǸ
ʦ˵ڡ
ѾѾŪöҪץˣĸ
ʦֶĵɫЩ԰ף˵ˣһ˵ͻ̲סˡ
̾˿ԼȥͿˣոʦ΢һ㣬˵ˣûа취ȥĽβˣֻȥĽβˡ
ѾѾھ֪ͷʲôˡ
ӿ˽Ų׿ʦ֣Լܵȥͷ
Ϊ̫ļҲûţֱƿ˿ͷš
Ϳͷǰ棬Ϸһӣװһее㳤ɫģ͸ȥéʱ򡭡ѾѾ벻ȥˣæϷš
ܵϷһ
ŻŻ
ʦ׷ϾͲµѾѾոտʲôһµ֮ĻسԺС
󣬶ĵŻµ˾Ͷһ
ʦһµñһ
꣬ѾѾ죬ʦ˵ʦ֣Ϊʲô˵ˡ
ʦֺۿСʦá
ѾѾڰ֣ˣ㲻˵ˣҶˣȥĽβʦǱߣǾͽˡ
ѾѾҽȥͷˣ˵Ǹͷȷʲôģһͷͻ£ʵͷ̫ؿζˡ
ɵʲô̶ȲŻὫǶ԰
ѾѾˣܵñʱ򻹿졣
ͷڣͷĶ꣬δǣ㽶ǸöԻԶôóԣһƭˡ
ҪĽС뵽ӣҪװĻ϶ǸѾͷ
Уҵȥ󼸸㽶ԲС
ԭֻѾѾʦ֪ͷɵˣɵֶ
ɵͷõ㽶ԺԵʱ򣬾ԽԽ֪ɵˣҲԽԽˣݺݵһ
緹ʱռҵĲϣûм˶ˡ

̫ҽѾѾռҵһĻԺл֮ȥʼնеģɫЩ԰ס
˶ѾϰÿͷĽϿˣؿѾѾЩ⣬ڿѾѾɫ԰׵ʱæӭȥĵѯѾѾôˣǲﲻ
ҪҪĸȥʦ㿴
һᵽͷѾѾɫˣ֣ˣû£ھȥĽġ
ҪôĽβ飬ͷ֮ǰ͸ѾѾ
ѾѾ֪еϸڣĵʱʲô뷨̼ЩѨλҲ֪ġ
ȻҪʲôҩԼҪôãЩҲ
˿ѾѾôҴææȥĽϣЩġ
ԱΪĽϵĹϵ֪ѾѾҪǳ˲ĵģһǵˣչȥ˽һ䡣
꣬Цģ⺢ҲǵģѾѾֱ˵ͺˣַǺɫŵñ԰ˡ
Сֹţֱ˵Ҳûðչһֱڶүء
ˣͷ£˵ѾѾǿˣĽϿģǿ϶ܵˣ㲻˺ܾõˮݲ裬ȥһˮ
еҲǣ˺ܾõĵʳ¯ĵĺóԣʹųȥġ

ȵתȥæ֮˴Ĵָ
Ƿ˸ͿԸСүˣͬʱչﻹҲ
ѾѾߵĽϵķ棬ﶼǱĵĻţһʱ֮˸Ľϵ飬ţõĽϵֱ֮Žȥ
棬Ľſڴϡ
ϰ·¶˴ݣ⣬ʵĺ󱳡
ţſڵķһѾѾæԱߵıڵţѽô㰡Ҷˡ


596 Ǿ

ĽϵţǳſڵķһѾѾǱŵһ㣬æԱߵıڵţѽô㰡Ҷ
˵ˣŮܲ׵ģҪк¶һֱ۱ŮӿˣôŮӾҪкӸġ
㲻ҵֱۻҵ󱳣ǡ
ĽϺߵصͷһŤһŤأŵ
ʱ˿̣һһ˸ϵѡʲôʡ۾
ѾѾһ֮󣬷ӦԼʲôһµغøϺƵģΪӣӲͷƤȥװһޱȵĵӣ˵УǸ򣬶֪˵ˣҪǸ˵ǶҪ޸ǣ
๫ˣ
ʲô
Ľ϶˲ϷˣҲñӵסԼűӻ䣬ֱ壬ѾѾ˵ʲô㾹ȻѾܶ˵ˣ
ѾѾԼ˸£ӱϣó룬ù͵ơ
ȱǮ˼ҰʱҲϲڷ͵ƣࡣ
ѾѾù͵ƾǵȼģѵÿ׼ĽϵĻֱ׳˵ǰⲻǺҲôģûʲô
ЩдڽͷŮӽء
ڴǰûʲôԱ֣֮˵һҶ⣬һеĽʲô
Ҫñ˿˵Ϊǹء
ŵʱҪ˵˵ĻԽԽ࣬ѾѾԼѾˣõ˺ܶ࣬Ҫ˵ܶ࣬ȥĽϣʱһеĻ˼룬Ǻܲȡġ
ո˵һеıŮĿֱۣǸŮľҪǸеĸҪ޸Ҿ˵Ǽ䲻ˡ
һɷŮǺܳԿ
һһŮĳúƯкܶеϲϲЩеģЩеΪȢǸŮģ͹ǸŮǰ¶ֱ¶¶ʲôģȥǺܿ
µŮ˭޸һԼϲˣǲǵҪ˫۲Űȫ
ѾѾԽ˵ԽԼ˵úе
ĽϸȥѾѾ˵Щ
ֻѾѾĿܶ˵壬ɫʱͺˡ
ףң㻹֪Ǹôô㣬ȥ˵壿ȻԺд
Ҿ㣬붼Ҫ룬УԺ㶼ܵˣ㲻ٿ˵ˡ
ѾѾѾԼĻ۷ˣںܵڸĽϵĻĶը죬üͷĽϵʱѾЩˣҵʲô£ʲôʱ˵Ҫдҽˣ
дŮ˽һ£ԼʱҪҪдһ¡
ޣûгףķ䣬أЩǺµˡ
Ľ嶼ڶˣȻ˵ʲô£
ôͲˣ̫˺òã
ܻغƾѣõѣ͹£Ժ󶼲ˣĽϿѾѾɫˣʶظĿڣǣҵ˼˵ԺҲܸ˿ˣ㵱ԣֻԸŮ˿
ѾѾɫһЩɻǺܲˣǸ򣬲ûŮֻ֣֮вˣȬ˵𣬾ҵѣҲܲҡ
ҪǲҵģҾ͸
Ľһ뵽һеĻ·ѾѾǰѿڶ
ѾѾüԥһᣬĽΪԼѾѾĿеķͦأҡʱѾѾͷԣ;ɣһ£ſţҰ꣬Ҿˡ

Ľſڴϣֻ۾ģޣˣղŲӦ˵Ļġ
룬Ҳ˵Ļ
ҲѾѾͲΪ˺ˣӦҪ
ôÿ𣿻ܱÿʲôʱ뿴ʱͺ
ѵС
ˣʱҪҩͼʦ֮ǰ㿪ЩҩˣûҾˡ
ѾѾ
ѾѾ
ĽίͰ͵ؿڡ
ѾѾպãƽؿڣչ
Ľϣ
ī˰죬ݺ˲裬˴ųõʳ¯ĵĹţͿѾѾƿ߳Ҷ˵ͷ֮󣬺뿪
˵ѾѾߵ̫ˡ
һɻ뷿ڣͿĽſڴϣȫ͸
ӣôˣչôߵô죿


597 ҲȢ

ϵ̷֮󣬹ȥĽϣһ߰·һӣôˣչôߵô죿Ǵҽⶾ𣿡
Ľ·ͬʱһȥݲ裬ܵɽȥˣȻôòŻҪҸ𣿡
Ҫеڣ϶ȰȰո˵Ҫô嶯ģҲͲˡ
Բ𣬶ҵĴ
Ȼʲô֪˭ǸˣӶ˵ˣǾͿ϶ˡ
ĽϰһЦĴ˵ú֪ԼĴһ

˵úѡ
ϴҲǣϴҲǡ
ôǴ
Ľְһۣ˵ûϢ
³ȥ˼
ĽˬصͷȥɣѾѾݵĲ裬и׼ĵģɫһ˵ϵĶߡ
ȥˡ
Ľһڷʼ̾
а㱨ûпڣֱӰ뿪
Ų²⵽ĽϻԵɵ˶ŵڶѾѾĵ
ĽԼҲŵڶѾѾĵ
ڶգѾѾĽϵԺӣۡ
ǰһյĽѵû뿪һֱĽϸѾѾߣѾѾӣЩ棺չ۾ôˣô۾أ
ѾѾ书ãоͺ۾·Ҳ˿Ӱ졣
ĻƵػһ䣺뿴ÿĶʡñǿҶ𡣡
һĽϣ˲ѾѾ˵ĲÿĶʲô
ĽϵͷԼʧٶ̾
ĽĵȫѾѾ۾ģڼкüλôˣĽϲʹ۽УһԾɵһſˮ
ѾѾܿͷӦ
оյһƳ̡
ҩҲûǼʦҩ
ѭ˵仰ѾѾˡ
ߴţֱӷǽȥٶ֮죬Ҫ˳ɹ˸ա
죬ظ˵ڶ飬ڶ첻ͬǣѾѾʱûţǷǽġ
ſڵ׼ߣÿĽ֮󣬰ú˵صһ˸ա
죬죬졭ѾѾǸĽ֮ͷǽȥ
ԴĽϵ̬Ⱦ͸Դİһ
ĽİӶӳҲǽһĸĽϻ㱨顣
ӣǵ˲鵽¹׷չǵϢѾһʱ佫ǽˣչʱӦǲΣյˡ
šĽϵͷѾѾ˽⣬ЩûǰҪ˺ͦѵˡ
ֱǰˣӲõġ
ڵһ⣬ðӶӳһЩѯҪ㽫ǵĹˣü첻ˣôȥ
ӶӳһҪĴܣĽϴһЩûа취ȥ飬ĽߵͲǺ˽⡣
ΪĽ˵æּҡͷӵĻ²ûǵĹԸһֱΪ¡
ȫһĵģ
ĽûؿҲû˵УֻǼһУԼҲһ£ҪˣַҸո˵飬ô
ӶӳǳᶨҡͷӵĻڵģֻΪӷǣ϶ǵĹģòż衣
˵Ǽģû˵С
ĽЩӰ˰֣ˣҲˣҲ϶֪ģ˿϶עģ߰ɣȥҪȥɣˡ
Ǹ黹Լȥ취
ͬʱռңռҵ˶֪ѾѾ⼸Ҫȥ̫ҽļĽβģǶѾѾĽϵĹϵѵüĽϣ϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵ôؼҵġ
ʵϣÿѾѾȥĽر졣
쵽ǶѾѾпǸĽֱ뿪ˣ֮һлûġ
ѾϣҪȥѾѾĽ֮ʲô
ѾѾڰĽǻ֮ѾѾ
ѾѾô˰֮ǰÿдŶ˵Ļȥβôôͻˣûúɣ
ѾѾȥĽϼȥżҲżˮûкȡ
еڿˣصһ֮ˮһں꣬һЩͣĵӦŶ˵ҲûʲôҸˣѾˡ
Ȼˣû˵Ҳͦġ
ʲô˵Ǿˣ
Щ𾪣ŵվ
ѾѾ£شǰҵ˿ӣǾֻþ˰ܲΪͲ˰ɣ
ϸԻˣô£ôῴ㵱أҪ㲻ǴôⶾҪûдֻܵˣѾѾ㿴ǲʲôᰡ
ûаԼ˵ģ˵Ҫһ͸ҾҾʹӦ˰
Ҹˣ˶ôҪҲˣǾͻкܶ˻ֻܵˡ
ѾѾԼͦõġ
Ľ˵ûʲôʧǲ֪ΪʲôЩ⼸ﶼЩ
οԼҲֻһʱ֮仹ϰʧȥһѶѡ
ϾôˣҪǾ֮һоûУǲˡ
ָѾѾȷ˼飬ȷѾѾĽľˣŴȥˡ
ѾѾ򿪷ţ棬ͽ㺰˹㣬ʦ⼸ôˣûٷˣ
ѾѾĻöһЩʲôһӱЩ԰ף˸ŻĶѾѾʲôˣڰ֣㲻ûشˣҶ֪ˡ
㻺һᣬžһЩѾѾӣôɵˣ⼸ÿ춼ĲȥҪһֱӣū澵Գëˡ
ѾѾüͷҲ˼⡣
Ҫͷÿ춼ЩпܻԳëġ
ֻǡûȥͷ׼һͻ¡
룬ɣҹȥ

ԭҲڳǽׯģϾȥ˵˼֮󣬻Ͼ׼Ȼˡ
ҹʲô
£˵ιһ飬Ҳˣûϸ̫ϲҲѾȥʮ꣬δ˶ס
ûĻȥΪͻˡ
ʲô
ɫ䣬͵վ˵ܣҲȢģһʲôֻĴöѣ黭ˣҪȢˣһᱻǵȡЦġ
ҪȢҲ־ͨʫʸ踳黭˲ҡ


598  ɵ

ھǵͬ˵Уݾͽڻǡ
ܹƥŮ˾㲻ǹǿҲҪǾͨʫʸ踳黭ĲŮ
ģȻֻǴʷŮȴžǵһŮ֮ơ
Ҳüͷȷʵǲ̫ãһʲôᣬΪԺǶҲûȿǿǰɣҲҪһȥ׽
ܻϳ谮ǼϻӽˮطƹȫĿ˸ǼҴ˹ϵǼֻаһġ
ӷеĹϵ
ӲΪȻӦˣˣ֪ˣҪûбˣҾ뿪ˡ
һ㶼˵ʲô顣
Ǹ󵽶Ŀ˵ˣһʲôĴã񶼲ˣöˣ˵ҪȥǴùϵ
ǾԲܵ顣
ǸʱĻȥ¥ﵯ١
Ӧû˵ܵñﻹҪˡ
գӳŵʱ򣬶һҪһȥһҴùϵ
ӷܵӦšúúáһţֱȥ¥ˡ
¥ڣر֣Ϊǰ쿪ʼʹϢھ¥ڵġ
˳Ưٵúãʫʸ踳黭ҲسɫԸֺãµģھǴ󲿷ĿеŮ
һ֪Ҫ¥Ҷһ͵¥ռλӡ
ӵʱѾˡ
ƽʱ˻ӶߣɽȴûУǾͶһ䡣
˻أ
ʽˣҪ£ǲˡ
ʲôΪʲôһͽ£Ҽǵ֮ǰ̫ûմŭˣҲֻǽһ¶Ѱɣ
̫Ϸˣ
ӵĻöѾѾǸϾȻΪ˻ӣ
ӵͷ
һҲͦϵġ
˻ڹʵֵģһӣ۸һСҲʲô˵顣
û뵽ϾȻΪ˳һز
һ£ʲôҿǸ꾫Ҳ֪ʲôԻ˻ϸ̫󣬾ȻûϺ̫ô˵Ļ
ӿһۣ˵
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ﻹûҪҲˣһͶͦеģǾͿʱ졣
ӶǰǸרΪ׼̨Ȼ뵽һЩʲôתͷԶ˵ҲŶʮͷɣѡûжóô
ҪȥȢӦûӦġ
Ӽǰ֪ݿʼҪ£ڵһ⣬ֻҪóӳˣǳɰͻΪǵˡ
һڱҪʱ򣬳ڸ˵ϼ仰
ôҸһ
üͷȢʲô˶Уԡ
һ䣬˵Ȣ
뵽;öġ
ôһȥȢǸãѵǸϿˣȥǰ˵˵ʲôϳøȰˣ
ɶһֲҪŮˡ
عˣعˣ
һֱſڵĲ֪ļҵ˽ߺȡ
˵Ϣþ¥ڵȻֹҶſڵķ
ֳһЩñǰӱ־ˣüۣСɵıӣ̺Ҫһ׷촽һİɫȹһǳɫɴ£˿ɵøŮһ
˿һۻҪ࿴ۣÿ˶̲ס˲١
ӴλվſȥߵߣһĨԽߵǳЦ󷽵ظߵһ׼ǫ̃м䡣
ֱӾڹǰ£̨һȺٵĹЦЦͷ٣ˮȻָ
գõš
ڶӸӺģĳλҹ˵˵غˣѾ뿪Ǻܶˣλ˵Ϊͽܵ顣
ʲôҪˣΪͽܣû˵ͽܰλҪͽܵͨҪԼմȥˣ
˵˭ҳΪɵͽأ
ҾÿֻܾعʸˣҾû˭ٵñعﻹҪõġ


599 ʲô

ǻ˵ģɵΪͽܵ飬϶Ϊعġ
ع̫ˣҲΪɵĵӡ
ԬΪϲĵܵܣÿ춼¥Լһ緹ھ¥Եģ緹ǵ¥ԣ¥Եġ
ȥ֮Ҫھ¥ִ֡
˵ǾǵһŮҪ¥ݣڴͦãӸĳط֮æԴ˴̨
浯٣޻ס䡣
ǵ˶䶼İɣ
ˮƽǶܴ컨׹һ
ȥ˵ܱҪˡ
ɵԽԽ࣬ҲҪΪͽܵľǣô϶ΪģǶ϶϶ҪΪɵͽˡ
ԬŲмط˸ۡ
ҪͽܣҲ˵˶ѡ
ԬʲһЩԽԽ⣬̨Լʵȷˡ
ˣȵȥ֮Ҫϸ˵׵顣
ϾϾҪΪɵͽˡ
ɲڵߣΪ⣬ڻʹڶԳͨģʵǻ϶Ķӣһֱ׵ܵһԣǱ׵ܻܵҪס
Ҿ˵˭ĻһֻҪҪ󣬻϶϶ȥġ
˶Ϊܹ֮سʹֻΪٵúãǡûϸ̫ϲ
֪һԭ
ҪøĸԸشλõľȥ£ɡ
ԭΪԼûĻģû뵽Ĵûˡ
Ҳ˵ĻϹŵЦݡ
һ֮ϢȥӸߡ
"عղּˣԺҪǲÿ춼㵯٣ӴŻöˡ
һֺõ˵š
ЦЦߣǰĿȣһڣЦллϲҵӣֻ˵ЩˣҵټкܴĽռģԺ϶Ŭġ
һͺˣӦţһ㶼ţӸո˵Ķʵ
ˣǲҪϲˣϾҪΪɵĵˣԺҪ㵯ӿ»ˡ
ſȱͷ΢΢Ӧлл
ԬʾߣҲһЩִеĶֱӸǴͻġ
ϴŵֱ
ԬʿһֱѾʮңҲʱغƹ񣬾¥ˣȥҵ
غˣԬȻѧòôǸغĹϵͦõģغҪǵ飬һ֪ͨ
غȻǸǮŵʱϲѾѾҵĿ˳ӡ
δӴﵽҲĿ˵Ӳỹտ˵͵ָĵص㣬ǻͣڵصĿվغھڿվ
¥ڵĿ˶Ǿ¥ˣҲʶԬˣ֪ϵĸɵܵܣ֮谮
˻רȥԬʣΪةµ˽ʲôģԭֻһСϵһ΢ЩӵԱҵĶӶѡ
֮Щ˾ͶԬʲôȤˣЩƲ
һ̻ͨ˼ҵĺһھ¥ʸûеġ
ֻǾ¥ɵģҲ˵Щʲô
Ԭ˵Ҫȥʲôģ˾ͺܱӵ˵һϲ̨˾ˣ˾ȻҪϲҲ
ǰѾ¥ĵط˰
ĵطҲģбȥ˵˵ҪЩ˽᲻¥
ͬĻֲм˵Ǿ¥ԺĲԸٹˣЩһطҾҶøһˡ
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ĵ֮ܵǰϵҲòôġ
վ¥ԶӾ¥ȥգֱһףҹգֱһʮңﾩֵһֵˡ
Ԭ书ӵģ·ʱҲԸ̵ߣֱӾʩչṦȥȥ֮󣬽غаغ٣һ֪װʲôĴ
·һЩ
һٶ׵·̣Ҳֻܿص¥ˡ
Ԭʿ¥Ĵţһٲ㵽ֶҪˣػһͷˣʵ̫ˡ
ʵﶼЩʲôôôأ
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ѾѾ˶ھˣⶫٲȲ
Ȼһ·ġ
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ĿԬͣһᣬƶغϡ
Ԭϵİ棬ôõĴ󻨲ģɢϢ
ոջڲ²ԬʿеȻǸӵˣӼᶨԼĲ²⡣
ڲôİ汧ŵĸòǺǼɣ
ϾЩҪǴһطȥһԶĵطʱϲЩ֮ĶȥǶȥһطˣ϶Ҫġ
ǿغغһ·Ӵʮʱ䣬Ҳûκӣϳ֮ǰ²κˣڴӵţݵġ
¥ڵľǹǿӸˡ
ǶԸ࿴һۣڶûзԬ󻹱һ١
ӲܿϿŵغ֡
¥ڿ˱Ƚ϶࣬Ҫִ֣ҪߵĻɢ֮뿪ʱ䣬ȥ¥ϵĿͷϢɣһЩԵĶȥġ
ȵҵæˣٴȥѾѾ
ԬԽغȥ¥Ŀͷ
һ¥ĴãһֱؿҲ˺ЩЦЦ̨ȥ׼ٴθҵһӡ
һȥϾͰ
ջԬʸǸ˵ˣҲͣ
¥һ¥ھֻڻصš
˳¥ݣ˶¥غĶС
غɫһӾͺˣⵯɶ˵Ҫӣ˵Ҫôҳ׳
Ԭʶһ̵ʳƿŽˣҪ޻𣿡
Ҫ
ܿ죬غ䶼޻ǿԵµĸȵˡ
¥ִĹ
ͣˡ
غ


600 Ůӵȷʽ

غԱ㣬ʮڲǺˣڲñĥ֮󣬾ƿͷ߳ȥҪʲô˲ܽٵô
һһ
ˣԬһЩ˵ӶİɣݵôȻô˹ƣ
ѵھǵӣǵô
Ԭʶһ˳һ¥£ӦӦģҸղöˣЩ˻һֱǸٵˣ˵ǲŮʲôģ˵ǵٵõˡ
˵ʲôϾҪˣ˵һǵ֮ΪͽܵģҾҪĻǸɶ䱻֮Ϊˡ
ƷζôȻһôͽܣأҾ
ƨɲŲΪͽɾɣٸ˵Ҿͽ㡣
غġ
ԬĪؿغҲ֪ʲô
Ҳ˵ˡ
ѾѾȻرʦصˣҪʦæ˵Ļ¶϶Ǻȥæġ
ҲʲôŰˣ϶ǲȥѾѾġ
Ԭʸغ˵С˶ֵСµˣ˵ȻҲñܻˣһ˵Ļ¥µȺˡ
¥ºܶ˶СԵܣ⻰æָԬʸغ˵˵Щʲôǿڿ˵عﵯٵòãǵ˵˵˭ñð
ǣ˻װģ˵úӺûһʵϣ˵عﵯʲôٶ֪ء
ɵҲ˵ɰ˭ͽܶɵɣһܹܵ
ߣΪԼӾͺ˲ˣôҲϲ̨жѣһԱĶӣ˵㣬˵ʸûء
Եܶ˵
￴Ԭʸغüͷ
ѧû˸˵Ļٵ˶úãһͻᵽɣ˵ҪͽܵĻ϶һ
˵Ԩֻʸɵͽˣڣ¥ϵ˾Ȼ˵
˵Ҫͽܣɾͱˣ
Ǹ峤˸˵ǲΪͽܵģ
ֽճȭͷ˶ˣɶʲôˣȻô˵
ôˣҪάֺŮ
۾˻ϢȶһЩ֮ԬʸغˣλղŽҵôһĲֵģλȻǼճȺˣ֪Ƿλһأҿλѧϰһ£
ȻľǻᵯʲôģֻҪǳѡ
˵ˣҪǻ˵Լᵯ٣˵Ǹղֻں˵˵ѣ
˵꣬Ϻڴؿǣʵﳰѡ
Ҫǻôش
Ů񶼷ˣȻæ͵ģ˵ѽع˵ôԼһװǵжá
û˵˲֮ǰܸ֤һԼʵɣ
Ҷǳ׳ء
Ԭվڶ¥ؿǣҸǷ׷ǹʵģƾʲôҪǵĻ˵ǵ٣Ǿ͵Ǻûӣ
˵һȺ⣬ûʲôˣҸʦ𣿡
Ԭرмءߡһغ뿪

ȻҲԬΪᵯĶӵģܾﲻǺš
Լƽױһ٣ûгأ˾ˡ

¥﷢飬Ľǲ֪ġ
ſڴϵѾѾģеɽ
ˣѾѾ֮ǰȸ˻
Ľϼææ赽𣿡
赽ˣ赽ˣүһŮӵȷʽ
Ľ֣øҿ
ӹһ̣ŷϵĽϷ·𿴵ϣ⡣
ͬʱЩԼһǸ˧ĺ꣬ڹؼʱ̻ǵѾѾϸ˵ϲˣιĹԵȵ֮鶼ϲ
ʹŪ˺ܶ͸ɡ
ԭҲֻģû뵽Ȼнֺ̱Ůӵ顣
Ľ϶ڴϣޱȵϣ·ŵĲһ飬ʥּǱʥ֮Ķ
֮һ·ϻûü͵ݣҲԵĽ߸һ𿴡


601 д

ѾѾϵͳ̳þŸֶһһٱһ
ΪһԶһ鼮̫࣬ѾѾ˵޸ݣƥˣɴԼһЩʲô鶼ÿˣֱӾһԶ˾ɡ
ʱҪǾɶʲôʵĶʱѧԴǺܶʱָ;С
֮ܶвһģģ˼д˶ġ
ĽϷһԭⲻû޸Ĺ顣
Ůȷʽ
Ľ߸һˣҪ
һŮ㱧Թ˼ʹŶ
ʵ˼õѧĽ飬ʱ͸ñֳȷĻӦȷʾǡû¶ˮ
Ů˵䰡ʱ
ʵǰ˶Ĺġ
仰˼ʵǣѽҺ䰡ɱš
ʱӦòǵġȷʾҲ䡣
ŮʡϷҪҪʱ
ʵϣרϷҶ֪ŮǺϸģĵ뷨ֱӵı
ְ취ʶϷҪԡʱֻҪᶨĿ϶ˡ
ȷʾӦǡȻϷҪ
ģŮ㡰Һͬʱˮ˭ʱ
ʵڿҶϲТ˳ˣʱТ˳ΪԼŮеΰӷ֡
벻Ҫԥչ˧һɡ
ȷʾǡ衣
壬ŮӶ˵СȹӺúÿŶʱ
ʵ󲻶Ҷ֪иʽС֡˼ŮʵĺܲЩǳҪһΪȷ
ʱչԼľϰɣһĶģ
ȷʾˣʺ㡣
ŮӶе㰮˵ʲôֻᡰŶʱҪСˡ
֪ŮʵǺеģʵֻǲ֪鷳
ʱҪٸʵףչԼĿŮһΪ㳨ġ
ȷʾǡ㵽

ʮٽ̴Ҽ䳣õĻ
ǺǡǱʾеЦ
ܲܲҪԡǶŮѵİݳ谮
ô롣ǸŮ޶ȵɵ֡
㿪ľͺáֿϣԷֵı
ðɡǶŮӵĿ϶ûѧأϽȥԺԼϲŮ

ӣչֶӵд̫еˣкܶʲǺ⣬ᵽĵһ㣬ˣΪʲôʹѵ
ҪĻԺôˡ
ʲô˼ҪΪʲôҪְ
ֶˣ˲û֣ɲзˣҪĻĲˡ
ҺչﱾͲǺϲӦòġ
ĽҲŵͷ
Ҳ˵еˣϻһЩ˵ЩģҲ
ŵ˼˾ͺˡ
ӣȻѧˣǲǵȥʵʩˣ
֮󣬱ĽϻҪͷ·ŭǹһ޲ЩŮӵķ÷ġ
ĽϾҪȥʵʩģȻ鶼׿ˡ
ЩѾѾ񶼻û˵֪ôشҲشˡ
Ҫѭ򽥽ʹӵһʼ𣬵ȵѾѾˣȸѾѾһ顣
ҪѾѾҲд裬ĴǻѾѾģȥ
洫˵˵үչˡ
Ȼ̫ҽļˣźĽϸ˵Ļҵˡ
ĽԿ϶µسȥٳȥʱ򣬻ϵߡ
ѾѾܿŽˣһһ׼Ľĵ顣
֮ǰѾѾĽĵʱĽǲ˵ģΪ֪ѾѾԼ˵࣬ʱǵѾѾĶˣǾ͵òʧˡ
ϾѾѾĹϵ֮ԻΪ˵Ĺϵ
ڲһˣѾ֪˺￪ĵؾ͸һ֮ˣȻͨζԼһ
ĽҲԼںŮӸ˷һרҡ
רˣȻͲԼ˵ˣ¾Լ˵
ѾѾոһ룬׼ȥһĿ϶ʱѯʣѾѾд𣿡
ѾѾǹŴˣҲڹŴᣬƽʱǺܰռ鼮ǲ֪ʲô
Ϊһ򣬻һϵͳ鼮ѧϰĴѾѾϵͳƵڵİӴĲἰʲôġ
ǡѾһˣ֮ǰˡ
ĽϵĻһ䡰åݺݵز嵽Ľϵڡ

ĽʹԼ·һһ㡣
ѾѾҽܺãƽʱĵʱо̫ʹģֻһЩĸо
ΣеٶۣҲ֪ѾѾˡ
ίҲһûдҲǰԣҾ֪֮᲻ʹѣҪʹҾ͸һˮȣҾȥѵĴ裬۸㡣
ʲôҪѵĴ裿ôѵֶԽѵѲҪĴ賤ʲôģ
һ̣ѾѾֻĽϱޱȵ㣬̬
ҲֱӾôˡ̬
ҪΪְҵ֧ţڶֱӶˡ
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602 д

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603 ͽ

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605 Ϊ

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606 ԶԶ

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ʮһǵһץСˣԬʹȥ˵ȥΪʲôСò㣬˰ѵΪִ
ֲСӰ˾ԼȥΪʲôҪСȥ㰡
СԼҲǺæİ
㿴㶼δˣСõֶﶼܸһϷˣȴδûУ㻹ҪȥƨɣȥƺҪСԺ͹¼ҹһ𣿡
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Ҹոջ˵Ԭô໵̫ھˣУһҪǸҲӦʲôûŪ֮ǰ˵ġ
ھݿ϶򵥣ĻôĽˣӽԺҴ磬˭Ҫ˵Ҵ䲻ǣҾͲŹ
ֲԬʻ˵ﵯٵòˣ϶ʶɣɺģ˵ÿ춼ɵأôܻñ˵ٺ
ӶԬʵۣܿͱ仯˶ɵĹά
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ɻǸǰһôƮƮ
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غվ̨ϣŶһ乧άĻǹ𣬰ôǾǵ۹һЩ֪֮ǰڴﶼܾûбˡ
ֻЩ˶䣬ǿ˧ǿٵúãһˡ
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ţغ⣬һԬôƭģ˵һΪԬСѸ˵ˣ˵ǵкܶ˶ҪΪʦأȻѾһͽˣҲԬʧʹӦˡ
ӦҲԼʲôİɣ
ȻҲ˷ʱˣǶѧٵˣ϶Ҳ֪˭ٵúõģƼһһӣҪҾĻǾˡ
һǵ٣ǾԲܵģǽƱߵǧһˣԸ⡣
Ҳûкʧ뵽ģôˣһȥ֪ˡ


609 Ԭ

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ѾԼھ¥غģֳͷŷ˿˵ɶô˵ˣγΪӵ˷Īˡ
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üҡͷǲϲĻĪҪ˵ĻˣĿУǸһģǴΪ˹ƽΪشʦͽܵġ
ӾﶼѾǾǵһŮˣôǫ顣
Ҳ˵ģҲǾѵãôȫнʱˣôǫ顣
غѡӵѡʱԼͬȫ˵֡
غվ̨ϣͦģ˵ǰɣǾͱ˷ʱˣһӸ
ҪĵúܺõĻҲǲٶһӵġ
˭ıͽ̫ТˣǶһˡ
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610 ӹ

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ӵͷԭˣԬҪͽܵҲˣԬӦɵ٣ԲŻᡭ
Ļ˼ﻹڣû˵
ѾѾѾȥβѾӶѾѾĹעɶѾѾ˵Ĺע
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֮˿ڣҺԩˣɶһôͽˣôҪһ֮ء
ںܻԼǰȻҽ챻ӹˡ
˵֮ǰ˻ѾѾĻôھȫûˣ֮ǰԬʵԹҲûˡ


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ҪȥֺԬʣܸӹôˣҪֺ˵ӹһЩˡ
ѾѾǰȻû˸ȥ׳ģǻǲģֻҪھ¥ȵ㹻ãܵȵӹٳġ
ϾѡͽܵĻӹٿģǾûھٰһʱʼյģӹ϶Ҳһʼյˣ᰸´ʣ˵һˣٶ൯һӡ
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˵ĻһƱҪȥˣ㲻ˣ
˵Ʊ飬ѾѾͣ½Ų
غѾѾҲͣ½Ų
ͿѾѾ˵Ʊһ룬Ҳзݳˡ
ҪǲĻԲҪƱˣһʮƱҪһ롣
غѾѾʲô֪Щʧֹţ㲻ԼҲȫ˵ġ
Ͱ˵ģҪѾѾЩЩ˹ƾɢˡ
ѾѾٵķϣǽһƱָѾѾ
ЩƱ׬ΪгһѾѾϣѾѾרŵٸġ

ϴεĴ¼ѾѾĺܲȥԬĵģͷÿվͳڼֶĵĶԵò԰εģѾѾҪȥĽģܰĽŪ
˵ֱӴĳｫסеˣѾѾ벻̫ȥ
С̫ҽļң۾һס˶䣬Ľä룬һҪžʮһģΪ첻äͶһٶ롣
ÿζȥ֮Ľʹһ֮ѾѾͻᷴӦ
Ľڶʹһٶ֮ѾЩѾѾʹøѾѾ˵ûС
죬ĽҲʹҪɱжȹģڵʱ̲סһ㽶
ͷòյױ⿪
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ֵĳϣѾѾ߸**ΪԺڼСʮʮһ
Сùã첻ȥ𣿡
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Сʮʮһͬͬʱڡ
ѾѾޱȵغڴǳˡ
ѵһпڼңھĸλٿһҵ꣬׬Щء
ѾѾشСʮʮһ⣬Ҽӿ˽Ųǰ档
ĽϾʮĵڵĶѾȥ˴룬˳ҩڼ书ʱʧ⣬Ѿһߡ
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ˡ
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üͷӣҾչӦòǸԱӾͺõˣǼôȰӶóԵĶҿƽʱǺϲ԰ӵģҿܶҺҲǺϲ԰ӡ
᲻ָĲǰӣ
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ܶˣǹҼҵģүŹȥҲ̫ãԼȥ򣬾үžˡ
ҪĵĻҿ˵Ựġ
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Щ˻ǹҡ
ǼôÿôʣҪǸȥ棬϶ǺܳԿġ
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ȻĽ϶ô˵ˣֻˡ
ӣǱһҲ弣ȥɣ
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ӣҸ㵹ɡ
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Ľϵ϶ˮʪˣˮǸտģ̵Ĳ裬õϻͦ۵ġ
ƽʱ̵ãȴʹ͸һ֪Ҫ븻Զһ㣬𿿽ңҸոնˣǹѲϵģҸԩ޳ΪʲôҪҡ
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612 

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ۿҪĽˣѾѾҲ̲סһ㵲ĽǰһץŸ֣˵Ůܲףء
ѾѾɴ￴ѾѾĳ࣬ѾѾǸҡ
ʱŭ˵Ǳȿģ㲻
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˵쳣󷽣ѾѾ֡
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ѾѾҲ֣ס֣ӦңԽѾѾ
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طԼԴ㿴ҶǸ˵Ҹ˭ˣǶүǻϵĵܵܣ˵ʮˣʮˣ꣬ĸɽ㣬Ժֱӽҽˡ
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طѾѾ˵ĿյסһССѾѾȥһȽصİ棬˵ҲģȻɣҳ̫̫׳ˣЩǼŵԵˣƲңҶʮҲûм޳ȥ
ط˵ʱѾѾʶسۣȷʵֵͦģŲһߣؾԳһʮηչˡ
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˵ǲϲңҾͦõģҲϲǣǳöûӺÿ
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ѾѾǳ鴤һ£˵лл
طֺۣǺǵģҲ֪ÿ˿֮Ҳϲң֮ǰһ飬˵ˣʲôҲӣҲ˶ϲģϲӵ˻ռġ
Ҿ룬Ҫܹ׬ܶܶӣǾǿӵķϣҲǻкܶϲҵġ
ǸܺÿҲ϶ϲҵġ
ԣԽô׬ܶܶ𣿻ߣҿԸһģҵ׼˺ܶױжʮӣǿһЩʲô
ѾѾʲôҵʱ򣬾֪϶ɿ鱻ĳȥˣֻϵͳӵ߽ǵ鴩Խȥˡ
ΪеһϵͳӵߣѾѾбҪѾϵͳ鼮ݱ˵طฺġ
һᣬӦãҿԸһ⣬һûҪʲô⡣
Щиˣ֮ǰⶼ˴֮󣬾Ȼûȥر⡣
ʱҪΪӶŬˡ
ոճɹСʮʮһǶĺøвĽϣСʮʮһʱľѾѾҪطĻ
ɴ۾𾪼ˡ
ѾѾǿҪطȾָˣҪȻƭطٺݺݵؽѵôҪһˣ
طڸѾѾѾˣĽϽѾѾһȥС˭ʲô֣δ𣿡


613 

ѾѾҲ֪Լôͻش𣺡Ľϣδˡ
طЩʧŶһ˵ǾˣȻδˣҾͲϲˣÿƤ˥ϵһ졣
Ҹģ˵ˣʱͦ˧ģ֮󻹲ô󡣡
ĽϻûüΪѾѾĻˣһ˲Щơ
ٷ磬ģôһ˵֮ˡ

Ӳ弳ĽǣСʮǣʮһѾѾط
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ĽϸѾѾһ飬֮仹ͦгӣôİЩ޴ˡ
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ʡٿ鱻̻ˣҪһӵĵˡ
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ʱ棬Ľע⵽ѾѾƺˣȻͲһѵͰǿԺû¾ӦöѾѾͰġ
ѾѾطؼңĽϻ̫ҽ֮󣬾ʹСʮʮһؼҡ
СʮǴѾѾСùãǲԵģЩ͸ģôȥˣ֮ǰ˵ǵĶǵ⣬ܶûǶӦϧŶԵġ
һ㶼ϧ̣⡣
ĽϸոջΪСùø˵ɵ֣ûע⵽СùðЩûȥȥˣע⵽ˡ
ѾѾСʮԴúƭС˵͵ҶˣһòôΪ˲˷ѣ˷ǿɳܵģ֪𣿡
Сù֮ǰҵҲòϣž˷ѵģҿȥһҾȥˣ˵ɽǱиȼٴܺ棬Ҫȥ档
СʮϾ;һ
ѾѾȻƽʱģǷڣǼ˹յʱܴ󷽵ظͶġ
СʮĳֶŮͳȥʮӡ


գѾѾҩĿڷҺʱ򣬶һ˽ӣӹ

ѾѾĿڷҺһҩ룬㣬öȥƣӹӣ
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614  ҵ

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615 ȾϹֲ


ùùͦҵģܾ󣬾ڵӲùùùҲԸ뿪򸮰ᵽʹס
ڱһ꣬ȴűʧˣû֪ȥҲû֪Ϊʲôʧ١
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˵𳤰Ҿһ󷸶ģҿ˵ˣⳤÿɳɳˣİ˵ģر𲻼㣬ΪĹף֪̫ϲôȻҪ޸̫ӣ̫Ӱ̫ˡ

öˣʾɣүСھǾôܻӭ𣿾Ȼô˱ô໰
ЩʲôðȻ˴Сòأ
ǼҴС˵ǳˣǣ˸˵ԼƯ
ɿһ۱ȺάŵչЦһ£ߵ̨ϡ


620 һ

ʼ˽Ļ
ƻҪμǵģֻڸı⡣
ɤ֮˵ҰҾǽ˵ҽҪľǹһôȥĹ¡
ƽʱڼҾ͸ֳеܵý£һµĺñ죬ֻһ̵ģҽܵĻٴģһӾ˴ҵע
ոջڷѾ˼ֺλչˣڶ˾ɵķ
˾ͿʼˣСʲôǻһǻĻǲǿήģֻǱժˣĹʲôģ
ܲܽĹ£
λʵúãվ̨ϣ˫ֱ΢΢ףһλķˡ
˵İһ仨ֻһıָȾЩ޺޹ࡢûĻˡ
ڵ˼ǷָЩȥ࣬ʵ˼ãһζװࡢװߵˡ
ǽһôﲻһôαˣȥġ
ƽİþǿ飬ϲѾѾ顣
һһĻ˵ǣҪӾɻСʱͿһ·ģҪɾǲǴִԽˡ
ϾյִڱѾѾαԽ߶Ҫḻ
˾ɵĽͣҶȻ
ԭȷʵͦ˷еģҪ߳ˣҲͦڴôġ
ǣҪﲻһˣҺ޲Ū
û뵽ôãоԺ󶼲ˡ
ɲŲǻһǸչͿʼˡ
һһܳҽ͸ǵĹһǸҽеĲҽȽϵ͵ôǰġ
Ǿкܶȥðͽܣҽҡײƭ
һлĴһú崿ͦͦĹ֪˵ҽĹ£Ǿ͡
ɽĹֱģžǸﲻƽ˵ҽ֮󣬾ԼԴлȥðҽĵˣΪĳ⣬вĻ
һʼǸΪҽĵͷõͦණͿʼˣҪõĶ
ΪԼ֪ҽĵ˭֮󣬻ϧȥڮȥݺ˵ҽĵӻʱڱϼװΪ飬ȥֺҽĵӣβʱ򣬰иƻ
ɱͦٵݺӵ飬ÿݺ֮һϵȥΪ飬ôҪҪ˺
ôҶøŮһɴҲ֪еĻ¶ģ˲ٵˡ
кܶΪ
ôˣôôʵ̫ˡ
˾Ӧòú
ҽļٵ̫Ļ£ߣҶ
׷׵׷ʣٵĽ֡
Це˵Ԥ֪Σ»طֽ⡣
󻹺ĵظλչ˵λչﰡ˵ҽĵӣ¿϶ɣǲҲ֪ǸðҽŮ˻ʲô³ż´ιʱͻ֪ˡ
Ȼ¶ζЦݣܲõȵǸʱͻ֪ˣϾҽĵӲǣ
ǿҽĵӼ֡

ĽһѾˣѾȫ书Ҳָˡ
ʱ飬ԣǿ׷Ů飬Ȼѡõһ
ԼѾѾȥΡ
ǵ죬ɫͦģǽɽдƬƬĺɫҶɾһ㣬ۼ
飬ѾѾ϶ܺãŻӶÿɰˡ
֮£йŮģ׾̲͡סаһ¡
𣿡
Ľϳţ˵ͷƺǸ⡣
ٿҪЩʲô׼
׼鶪Ľϴߣҹ뿪̫ҽĸϡ
պѾѾյĽϵ룬ԬʸҲ
Ľϵŵʽ͹ģԬʸ¶չˡ
Ԭʱ߿߶˳
ѾѾպͬһȥɽΣĺɫҶ
ɫҶѾѾҶûɫҶҲҪȥҸҲȥ
Ԭʵ¾ˣһ
ȥģҪȥ￴ɫҶҲҪȥ©ҡ
ѾѾط˺󣬸Ͻڡ


621  ֮

պĽϻ׸ѳѾѾſڣڴŽѾѾҪ˫ΣҪлᣬҪ֮Ĺϵ
Ķ߻˵Ļ
ӣչͲСϾ͵˿Գ׵䣬˵չҪȢչΪϲչΪжӦҪЩ콫չﶨС
ĽϾΣˣô㣬̫ˡ
úã͸ѾѾˣֻǵѾѾſڳʱɵˡ
˺ܾ֮󣬵Ƕһ·ˣŷӦҪѾѾ
ô£ôôࣿԬʸˣôһˣ
ȺУԬʣɣط⣬ȻжӸӣˣǴļſھʱĻӡ
Ҳһˡ
ԭ˫Σ˺ƺƵĶΡ
ҲˣΨӣһȢѾѾˣĽϾòܾôˡ
ѾѾŤͷˣҲ֪ͦôµģĽϣҪԼȥ
Ÿոطˣӭʱ򣬾ͿվߵĶˣӻһԺܲԸһ㡣
Ҳ֪Ϊİ㣬ǸŹˡ
ŹˣסҵչҲˡ
طѾѾߣĽ˵Ļ˹ҸΪʲô˰֪ĸ˵ҪһȥΣ˵кܶ˶һȥģͰҸ˹
ҸǲԸģĸ˵ˣ񼲣Ҳ֪ԼʲôʱͻˣܾⱲԸˣҪҸⶼԸʵԸҸǲТӣԺˣҲĿģ˵ÿ춼Ҹ硣
Ҹ类ĸ߶÷ˣ͸Źˣʱ򣬾ͰǸչҲˡ
ǸչҲǵģǹңҸǸеģȻôĸҸˣǲҪԼ
ųҶľ˿˻ỳҸ֮䲻岻׵ģԺ˵ӰҸ磬Ȣϱˡ
ط͵ûͦϸˣѾѾöЩˣһͦͨƤ˵øʲôֻܵľ֢һ
Ľüͷ
ǴҪѾѾĶϱˡ
һ·ϣĽ϶ԲߣѾѾط˵ˡ
ӸҲһ˵
ӿĽϵıӰʶӣǸĽϣһʹùõĶӣ
ӵͷطô˵ġ
û뵽Ļţ򸮺ܿͻˡ
ţ򸮶ˣڼȻˣӦò޶Եġ
ڶߵչҲһԣĽϵķ򣬿ѾѾߵôǺ⡣
ܹĽߵŶԣڴʱͿԸĽ϶ˣѾѾǸֹ
ԭһУһգҲһУ
ĽϵĳĻҲеһЩ𾪡
Це˵û뵽ܻţֻص˾ǣôٷģǱҶҪÿˡ
װشĻӣ˵ͷСүȷʵǱҪÿһЩ
Сү⼸֣ĻЦȥšüģСү𣿿ΪƺǸ̫ˡ
ǰ򸮷ЩӦҲҪ⿪յװɡ
˵飬ʵͦ඼ͦġ
µЩ꣬ҲСˣΪסñȽϽ˵ͦ顣
˶˵ǳ򣬻Ӿǿʱ򶼲Ը뿪ֻǲ֪ǣಢˡ
ǰģֻһ
ԼֻǸˣӦù۳ģɾԶĵطͷŲȥ˵
ǰʱȥﻹͦģ˲ٰ֮ǰкЩ˶˵ҿӦþ֪ұȽϿ˰ɡ
һ֣ʵǸԼòˡ
ɰһۣ
ǻûѵģ㿴ңû˸Ҹ˵ˣҪǲúõذͽһңᵽɽϣҶȺӵ֮󣬾ֻֻһ˵ˣΰ
˵û˸Ҹ˵Ԭʾ߹磬ôôҸѾѾǰء
ɿޱƺһ˿⣬˵˼Ƕǰңˡ
֮졣


622 ɵļƻ

һ·Ϸֳ˸С壬һ·һ߳ɽȥ
ȥɽ·Ҫ֣¥Ϳڳϡ
֮ǰԴж¼⣬ⶼˣҲǰصǡ
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մ¥¥Էźơ
źǰ״ԪںԺ£ƽżҲᵽ¥Է
׹ϵҲġ
׸ոкĿͱһȺƺƵס
һۿȺлɴѾѾ
¿ѾѾǿѾѾһ˫۾Ҳܿ϶ǸѾѾ
ںסѾѾѾѾҪȥ֮һȥɽ˾ֶ
ףźƣɡ
ĽϾԼѾϰˣϺ޲ֻǺǵЦ
¥¥ҲͦģӾ¥ȥռҵĻͿ϶Ҫ¥ģõĻӾ¥ȥռҵˣ¥ѾѾ
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Ժַż١
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ĻӿŶ鵱ӵһˣϹζʮЦݸ˵컹Ȥһ졣
ͷͦȤġ
ЩΪܻһˣȻߵһˡ
ĽѾȫľȻˣٶ༸ʲôӦˡ
ǵ˶ˣҲܵġ

ʱ䣬ǵĶûˣһʱ֮ɽɽ¡
³ɽҶӺûǺܳףɾҶðƬҶǻҶҲһζ
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ɽ˶ûмʶˣɽ羰͹󣬴ҾͼƻεҪ
ȻǴͷҶģҲĹһ˾￴Ҷ
ҶεģҪĻ档
Ľڳ֮ǰüĳ׼˺ܶĵģ˽ˮҲ˲٣ŵġ
Щֻ׼ѾѾķݣҪҲҪԣ϶ǲġ
ǡãҲںûеóԣȻȥѾѾȥһƽĴʯͷ
װһľóʯͷϣϽǵǸ̵òǺܺãЩͰ͵ģſȥǸƽΪӣһ㶼ǸŵĴү
˲˵ע⣬һȺ˵Увٶڹעġ
Ľڸʲô
ĽεСү֮ǰ˽Ľʱ򣬶ǺСүģھֻܺˡ
̶
"Щ鲻ѵЩĹô𣿡
˵֮䣬ĽѾ鲼̺ãľ͸ԺãҴֲһЩʯϣǱͨ沿ǳҪһЩ
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һĴʳУһװŷţըᣬը飬ը飬ƺõܲƹϵȡ
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һЩѼѼ֮ˡ
Ĳװֳ߰ˣÿһСӸġ
Ƿݣг׷ۣȡ
ʳҲ֪ʲôģЧãʳóʱ滹ɢ
͵ĴʳУԲεģ΢СһʳС
ĽóһšݹȥѾѾǽո·˲ٷ磬׸Ⱦ纮Ⱥȵ㽪ůһ¡
ĿɿڴؿĽϸǱħһʳóһһĶ𾪼ˡ
Ľô棿ҶȻѼĶˣ
Ľϸʲôϵôôãˡ
ЩʳĶܺóһҲԡ
ֻڱۼ䣬Լ𺳸Ľ֮飬ԬʸСʮǾͲһˡ
ǳܱĽ⣬ǻȥһԡ
Ԭʵһʱ˹ȥѾѾĽм䣬Ľ˴Ĵָúã棬ôķ羰ţôԲԵóԵĶأҪʳġ
ţҵĳը̫óˣǼըỹóԣȥܰĳԸԸ⵽ҵæٹǮҿԸġ
СʮԬʿըóԣʳֻʣըˣæһһԼһһȥĽơ
˵ĽƸ磬쳢⼦ᣬԬ嶼˵óԵըᣬ϶رóԡ
ĽҲǣˡ
Ľ̵Ĳͦŵģͬʱºüˡ
Ԭʳżֱˡ
СʮĽˣʮһҲˡ
ԬʵδޣԬˣûеģûһҲˡ
Ԭʵĸ磬Ԭʶˣûɻվš
طԼѾѾĺˣѾѾˣ϶ҲҪµġ
׸źƺ֮ǰ͸ѾѾʶҲʶĽϵģˣҪñٹȥԵЩˡ
㿴ôˣҲȥɣҿ׼ĶͦóԵģҪǹȥˣ˵ûˡ
ѾѾھӣѾѾҲе㽻ģ͸Ļ˵
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Ľϣ
ֻѾѾ˵ξˣΪʲôѾѾ׼Ķô˹ͲǶһ
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ĽϿһٿȺˣֻڶ棬ȴ·Ѿȥǧ֮ѾѾ֪ǲɼƻˡ


623 Ҳ

Ľ̵ĵе࣬Ľ׼ŵӲСҲѾˣһЩҪȥҲˡ
οǸѾѾûʲôӸǣǾֻվһԿ羰
Ӹվһ죬ĻӸѾѾ˵Цüͷ
һҲѾѾǵķ򣬿ѾѾǹһ㣬Χֺţ;ЩǺ
⡱ϡһ˵ӣ˼Ҹոɽ˵ˣڽЩۣܷҵǱȥ𣿡
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Ǹոɽ֮󣬶һ·ģô˵УֻĽηбģ˶ʱ⣬ֻĽǴ˵沼ġ
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˵ط磬ڼﻹԿһһҪȥβˡ
˵ӦҪվһ²ŶԵģֲ沼ˣԼǿأ˶ûʲôҲ䵭һ̢š
׸źƶǸʿŵƽĻǺĸҪλӵģǿһҲСˣҪӵͣվλӣᱻǶһ˼ġ
ͬʲôû
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ƾλӣʲôá
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ѾѾҲͦģӵһ㷴ӦûУ·ʲôûһ
ѾѾĽϳһˣǸһøλӣ
ⲻڿЦ
λǲλӵģǲֱӽһɽͦˡ
СʮʮһĽƶܽĽ׶ΣԺ;˵ҪˣʶؾҪվλøһ
վʱѾѾĽͬʱڣ¡
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Ľϴʳֻ˳ԵĻͻԵкܶ࣬ɴʱʮ˳ԣһ˳һûˣѾѾҲֻץһȣڿţһ۶ӣЦ˵ֲǽĽŪ˵ģΪʲôҪλӣ
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ԬʻĵָָԶĴʯ顣
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Լ̫ɵһֱʦѧϰΪ˶ҸʦһһˣͻἱòС
һرϿҵѾѾǸԲҲˣӣȥǱ°ɡ
֮ǰͲϲѾѾӹףûвѧó󣬻Ļ棬ֶһǾǶ񶾡
ѣԹۡ
ˣǾԲΪġ
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ӳһȥѾѾǲԶĴʯ¡
ĵطɽɽȥܹɽµоɫ
ԿһƬһƬģҶҶҶһɽ͸һɫͷ׵ĵ̺һ
ѾѾǶôӸһǣǳ궫һ羰ЩģԬʾһϷ
ҪʲôϷԬѡ׸磬ɵ
ܿ¥ԬʵĿУһ˺ã˧Ƕı϶ܶܺõ뷨
ɿһ˫ڴԬʣ˵ǾĻðհɡ
Ļðգ
˴û˵Ϸһͷˮġ
ʲôϷ


624 ֻһ

ɶûлش
ֱԬ磬Ļðʲô
ɲŻشĻðһ־ۻϷʵ󵨡˫ͨȭȷʽԣ˵һҪѡĻǡðաϷʺ˶ʱģҪ׼ʲôߡ
ĻӮ˿ʵһ⣬ѡĻһҪʵش𣬲ѡ
ѡǴðգӮ˿ָһ£˲ܾܾ
ˣϷƺܺһ
ԬѾȲҪϷ
˶ϷҲͦġ
ǵһϷʼ
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ɿԬʵðջĻ
Ļ
ã룬ʵҪҸͬʱˮˣȾ˭
һʳ˶ˡ
ԭϷģΪĻǴðգֻǸϷѣû뵽ǸҪϷ
ǶϷһԬʵĻش
ѾóԬʵĶһߵˣһʵĲӡ
Ԭ˶ǳԻƽʱ˳Զûбİã˾ﶼǸԵйء
Ԭ͸һѲӣ͸Ԭʵһӡ
ֻӲܳԵʳʱǾͿԹԬʵӣͿһӣһòӣ˭Ҳ˭Զ
ӸӶǲ;ߵһָ֣Ӳͬ
ԲģŹ⻬Ļȣڰӷŵˮ֮Է۾۾ӿ۾ѪҺѭĨ֮ǰˣϹȦҲò˵ġ
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ӻҪ
ȻǼٵǰѲӣҲٵԬʣЩȻǽԬʵĻش²ǰ¡
ԬʿŲ˸⣬ʶزһѺ
ôһ˲䣬Ҫش𡱵ȻȾ¡
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һʱ򣬾ûǳԲʳˡ
ͬģĻشʱҲȫʬˡ
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Ϸ̫ˣյЩ
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źˣԬӮ˶ա
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ʱĽѾϷ淨ڴԼһѣԥѡĻ
һ˵лṫѾѾףϷ򣬾ˣҲǱϷƣû˻ȥָѾѾʲôġ
Զӷһ֮ԼҲˡ
ѯһҪҪûʲô󰭱֮ͿʼܿƵؿѾѾǼϷ
ϷѾѾˡ
Ӯʮһ
ʮһѾѾֶӣ˶֪ģǶʮһ̫ΪѾѾ
ھһֿܾûʲô㡣
ʮһҪʱԬǼѾѾرϤ⣬˶ؿʮһ
ͬһ⡣
ȷֶӣǳ˵ĺ
Ƕʮһ˵СùãȥǱ߸ժһѻɣˡ
ɽҲѣֻǲ࣬ǡöµĶ棬Ǳߵɽ϶ǹʯᾣɽ·᫣·ܲߣڶû˻ȥ
֮Ҳûժ͹ϣҪһЩЩѺпܾͻѸˡ
ɽʵҲµߴҪǴȥȥժѣھ
ʮһҿ˰ɣǱ̫ΣˣҪѣǴɽˣȥ԰ɡ
طൣѾѾİΣȰ˵
ĻҲ˵ǰʮһҪѵĻع֮󣬾Щѹ㣬ûһЩء
ͦͳģҪǳϷûˣ⽫ҵĲҡ
ʮһֵؿǣڵЩʲô˵ΣյʱѾѾˣŹǷЩɢ˵ȵȡ
Ϊ֮ǰѽշݵҩãе硣
Щˡ
ִ˸Ƿߵ±ϣһ۶ѣ˵ոװӸҡ
ǡ
ӵݸѾѾ
üͷ
ߵŻæ˵ʲôѵΪԼȥǱ߻ܰôߣɽôԶȥǱɵġ
һСڴﳤСȻô֪ߵغ¶롣
ڳǿֱ˵ԼȥҲû˻˵ģֺαء
һһۣ˵Ҳǿô²õӡ󣬲ŻôҧͷƤϵģĻӸǿ϶ǲῴģԼӦŻ˵ġ
֮ǳ֪ĻӸ˻ȥǰװװӵġ
ȻһαŮˡ
ӸѾѾˡ
һ˲۾Ȼɴ
֮£ѾѾȻʩչṦĽȥ˶ɽϡ
Ķɵһ㡣
Ṧ˵õһṦ֮ϣȫɱġ
ֻһ


625 Լҵ

ѾѾ˳عɽϣһ˳شժһӵѻ
ӿѾѾķ˵书
ӿѾѾû˵
ѾѾժֻõǱȥˡ
ҶʱɽģûдʳͬģҲûдˮ
ղŶûиоɿѾѾһȺڳѣӸⷲǶڿˡ
ⷲѾѾ˵˵ЦЦһڳԵףһɻðŭȥϵ˹ȥ
ף겻˰ҶվǱߣȻҲҹԶﻹ𣿾ȻҪԹ㣬ǲھǴȥˣֻҪ˵һ仰ҿǻݵ㡣
׿ⷲߵѣüͷھЩʲôһ
ⷲһʲô˵ֻһѣָ˵ʲô
ڻϽλøѵ㻹õҴүվ𣿡
ѾѾĽϻԬʶسԼѣ·ײǵѣʲôҲûйϵһ㡣
ױϵɱⷲȥˣ̲ססȭͷⷲ㡭
ɣ
ɲŸտڣ׺ס
ˣ˵ˣλøǰɡ
վ
ɲ⣬ΪⷲȰ˵ӣ˵ĻģҶûʲôϵˡ
װ֣Ҫ˵ˡ
ǡ
ɺܲģִҪվҽӵλøⷲҲû˵Щʲôֻظ뿪ȥһѣԱû̵ӵĴʯϡ
ⷲ£֮ǰλӾĻӱϵģ֮ⷲҲζĻߡ
ĻϵѿҪˣæֺõؽԼոմѵ˹ȥĻӣ⴮ɣ⴮Ѵ󣬶һر𡣡
ڽ֮Ѿٵسһ顣
ĻЦеϣʱЩ䵭˵ˡ
ܿ죬һϷʼ
ѾѾⷲü˵ȻҲˣҲһ棿
֪ⷲѾѾǳѹûѾѾҶҵĵ̣˿ȥһٹ˵ҪٹϷˡ
ĻӾϣûڸӣǱӵĴȸǰ;ƲûӣҲΪѸĻӴùϵġ
һĻӣӦȻǶôҸһϷҾΪѵشӦˡ
ѾѾһ档
ĿȴҲҲȥˡ
ⷲûע⵽ʱѾѾһš
Ϸܿ쿪ʼ
ⷲڱȻûһ棬Ҳؿ˵ģ֪ϷҪô棬ڴҶȭʱҲһȭͷ
ѱȽɵǴҶȭͷ
ûֳʤǾҪȭˡ
ڶѣһǳȭͷⷲˣֱӳļҲζˡ
ѾѾüû뵽ĻҪ˳
Ҫ³Ӯˡ
ӮþĻӡ
Ӯ÷ǳ˳
һֶʤ֡
ⷲкܶ಻ɸ˵ܵģڳĻӣ϶ǲܱ¶ԼЩܵġ
ֱѡ˴ðա
ðǰɣ룡
Ļ°ͣ˼
ⷲûһ˿Ļӿô棬˵լʺһˣЦеģĻӿ϶ʲô˵ġ
ˡ
ĻӺȻڣʹԼɽٴɽΣ
ʲô
ⷲˣλÿɲ͵ģģڻҪΣⲻҪ
˵լʺĻأôʽ
ĻӿⷲɫѼسȥôˣԸ𣿿Ըķ䣬ȻҪϷӦعģĻϷûعȥҪ飬ǸӲعˣ
һԺʲô£
ζ¥ʸҲǺܹˡ
ⷲĻ˵һһ㶵ġ
ܣѾûбѡ
һȥǲܵˣɽĵģҪû˸ţңȥˡ
һȥһȥ
ĻӿˣϷ˵㣬ֲףҪԼȥܾС
ⷲԹֲĵɽˡ
׶ԴҹҾ˵ллҡ
Ԭʴֵ˵ţлʲôлԼҳͷģҪһһǺܿȻΪԼ˭ֵλӸΰɡ
ԣղҲΪҪλӸˣѾѾʹɫҲŷӦ



626 ڱֺô

ⷲˣѾѾǻҪϷ
Ľر棬Ϸôſ
һͻѡĻ
ҪǴûʲôİĹѾѾһˮʱȾ˭϶˵ѾѾֵġ
һ൱ڸѾѾĸˡ
ȻԽҪʲôǲʲô
һһֱӮʱһֱ䣬һһֱʱͺпܻһֱӮ
Ľġ
һֱǵϷϣûټȥʱĽ϶ûһΡ
˶ͣûټˡ
شɽɽ˵ⷲҲͣ½Ų˹Ϊӱҧˡ
ĶӣھǵĵλڼӣҧɴС
չ֪ʲô𣿻а취ϵ߶
ӱҧ֮촽ڣɫ԰ףðڵϣӶЩżˣֻܽϣһϡ
Ȼҽĵӣһа취ģҪûа취ĻǾûа취ˡ
һ֪ôľվȺ棬ӵĻʱȳȣǷϾǰ
ߵһʱȻѽһˤһӣڵϣڿͦƽƺбĺĴʯϹ˼Ȧײ˲ݴСʯϣţһգֱ˹ȥ
ѾѾ
Ľϣ
Ԭʣ
ݼˤ
Ϊͦ˽һģ֪һһֱ˵ѣһ۾ͿһϷ˵ûô췴Ӧ
طȻƽʱǸĹϵһǱϾ磬ӱҧж֮ż˾
ô죿Ҹ᲻ܾ˭Ծˡ
Ļˣŵᶼð˳
ҲܼԭһڣһԾȶӣһˡ
ɫԽԽѿĶӣ˵ˣϽӱɽȥ
ѾѾץͷЩ꣬ԭǲܵģطѣܲõ˵ȵȣҿԽϵĶ
ѾѾа취ҽ֪ҧҸʲô𣿡
ط༤رѾѾֱۡ
ѾѾһ֣̾˿ϵͳóһƿҩȻװǴóġ
ݹȥط࣬˵ǽҩҪҵĻҩܿͻûµģĻûȥɽ£ܾͶˡ
еǱͷߵĶԺңⶾʱж֮İ֮ڶ
طӹѾѾҩҪȥӺ¡
˼Ȧڴⷲ˹˵㲻˵ĻɣǸöѣڳΪˣ֮ǰҲǸöѡ
֪ЩʲôóĶЩʲôö
ҿ˵ˣЩƶɽˣΪ̫βģͲĶʲô򰡣ʺģʱӳˣûµģҲܻŪġ
Ҳû˵ѾѾҽʲôġ
ѾѾκߣΪ˱ʱ׵ѾѾôȥʲô⣬¼
Ϊ֪ҲЩԥ
طѾѾȽˣѾѾģȻѾѾ˵ƿҩԽϵĶû˿ɡ
ⷲӵӣҩȥֱȫൽӵĿС

Ӻҩ֮ѾѾ˫ְԺĵ˵һٶʮͻˡ
ⷲ˵
һط
ⷲ
˶ʶȤһ԰صţĻȥץ
Ļӣ㲻ӵһĽҩûЧӿܾͻᡭ
ɽͦģ֪һƬ֣ץ
ĻôӣЩ档
ĻǳЦƵ˵ţġ
ʶ˶飬ʵϲδ
ֻ֪ǲ
ĶԭΪûϣˣȻĻ

ĻӸץֻȥʱѾˣ촽ɫѾָɫҲúͷ·ղж˲һ
ѾŪĶô⿪ġ
ŴҶΧĻץʱߵѾѾߣôнҩǡÿԽ⿪ϵĶģ
ѾѾڵ沼ϣȣҧһݣ̫ͷ˵߿
һ£Цһ֪ܹڣոҧҲ׼İɣϲŻнҩΪҾͻм㣬ȻȢ㵱
ߣֱΡ
ⱲӶǲȢһõģҵĸúϲ㣬ҲȢģİɡ
Ŷҧҵ飬ҿ϶ҵ֤ݵģʱһϣõӦеĳͷ
ӹ˵껰ͳˣߵʱ򣬰ͦأһΨҶӡ
֮ѾѾõе޻Ϊ̫ˣոյ֪û֮󣬴ֿʼϷˣӳŪ޻
ѾѾ˵ʲôˣһһ϶Ҳġ
һһѾѾոӸ˵ô໰֪˵ʲô˵ûͦӡ
֪Ҳ֪
ûн飬˭ں˵ʲô
ѾѾӵ޻ҲŹȥĻץ󣬾ҵһ֮ǾųڿĵζϾṩˡ
ô˵ҲǸϵͳˡ

ʱҲˣҾ;ɽظңҸ
˵ҵ鶼ҧ˵ĶӶܿģкԼѹӵǸ˵һƺҲ
ֻĽϡ
һ·϶Ǻһ
´Ҷ֪ЩʲôѾѾҲ֪ܸɴԼſڸĽϻָ𣬲˿ûҪĽϽȥ뷨
ĽϺؼ֮ĵڶ죬ѾѾӭһϢ
ĿڷҺ͸̫֮ҪĿڷҺˡ
ķˣ̫ñȽܣ̫ɫһһ֮󣬵֪ЩǾĿڷҺĹͣˡ
һĻлķˡ
ѾѾܴ󷽵һ˸һƳ̵Ҳһµ
λҪõúˣһҪǵðȥŶ
ǣѾѾ㣬ԺŪôˣ
ѾѾھʱ˼֮󣬾ھŪһԺĿڷҺ񣬻ĻױƷЩ鶼˶ɵϱӶȥ
ѾźˣҲкˣҲڿչѵ͵ĲƷˡ
ŶĻѾѾ˵ͷ
ǺܿͻὫһĤ˪ˣʱȽ̴ôʹЩʱ

ļңѾ˰µľĿڷҺɫܺõؽӴˡ
Ӵǡ


627 

ڼӴ̫ʦˣ̫ʦƽ߶òࡣ
ȴЩ棬һ͹ˣ˾ˣ˲ٵвһЩĶ
оǽ巻õϡ
Ծ߲ɫʣγ𻨣ȲȺΡΡιǼԳķɫޣԱǿһ־ɫ͵طĶ֯
Щǽ巻մ˻ģһ˵ǣͷȦӣÿնǮҲһܹ򵽡
˾һֱҪϼƥѡ
μиŵ๫һ֪ƽļ۸֮󣬾Ͳȥⲻ⣬һû⡣
ľֻܿѡ
̫ʦһͰֵģڶʱ̫ʦ˲Ǻ⡣
ʹػشĻ
˵ҵɫôˣôű˰ⰡΪҸһµľĿڷҺȣ˵⾲ĿڷҺĺá
ԴӺ֮˯˯úˣҲˣԷˡ
밡Եúã˯úõģɫܲ𣿡
˽ȥ֮󣬿̫ʦˣⲻ֪һһ
̫ʦˣ⼸û˯ˣôˣɫôò˰ɣ
̫ʦ˵ɫ԰׵üҪ͸һƤ£Ϳ˺֬ҲڲסĺȦ
˿ͺûһ󲡳һ㡣
̫ʦԣ̾ʵԴ̫֮һȥ֮󣬾û˯һպõģÿڴζ޷˯ò˯ˣɻûһᣬˡ
ÿ춼ŻŵģؿںƣܾʲôʱԼͻεһ
ˣ˵ľĿڷҺ̫ϣ͸̫Щ
̫ϣ͸̫ĺ᲻ǵãɳ͵Щ¾û˻ǵġ
ϾҲûб񳤰һٵģȻֻ˼ƿˮǲ֪ɲɾˮ
˵̫ʦҲˣռ̫ʱ̫ɫ˺öࡣ
Ҳǿݹģ֮ǰ˲٣˶̫ȻһѾʮյˡ
ѵ̫ҲǺ˾ĿڷҺ֮ӵģ
̫ʦ˲˻ش𣬾ﻹжپĿڷҺҸȫˣ𣿡
û뵽̫ʦ˻Ҫһ£εЦǿ²ˣΪҲûˣһµҵģҼүÿһҹﶼ˯ôá
֪ǺȵľĿڷҺ֮űģҲ͸źˣԡҲֻʣƿˡ
˾;úЦ
˵ˣ⾲ĿڷҺǸŮ˺ȵģҲû˵Ҫ˺ȵġ
˿ţ˼Ҳ࣬ϲЩ߰飬ھǾ˯ˡ
ÿնҪһƿĿڷҺҲ͸źˡ
˵⾲ĿڷҺ˵ǸŮ˺ȵģ˾ȻҲЧ
ⲻȹһ֮ˣÿպȵñҪ׼ʱ

̫ʦ˴ฮгֱӾͳѾѾȥ
⣬ִҲһֱ档
Ǹ̫ʦˣҲһġ
ֻԸȥš
̫ʦ˵ҪȥѾѾͺܲˣ˵Ļɣҿ˵ˣҵӻͦģǾҾÿ϶Ϊ̰ǮŪЩҪӣ˰һƭˡ
ЩʲôĿڷҺģ϶ûõģ˵װЩˮȥ˶ѣǻǲҪȥ˰ɡ
̫ʦԴǾ͹ȥҪûãͿһԸˣ˵̫ԺҲôˡ
ִҲеˡ
ռңǱ̫ʦ˻Ҫģ˵ңңϽҸˡ
ѾѾǹһðĹŲẰģҪ֡
ִغţٲҸͲĶˣҪĶȥ㻹ô׬ӡ
ִǽʱѾѾս̼˽Ĥ˳ϢЩϤĴɤţüͷȥʲôˡ
ǣ
ȥˣڸѾѾߵľ滨ˡ
滨ڴģǼҵҲ滨һѾѾɻÿ¶һӡ
ڵ֪ѾѾһҪ֮滨ҲҪŹ
ҪѾѾѾźѾѾ
ѾѾǲźģҲѧˡ


628 Ҳ

滨ܿͻˣһ̫ʦ˸ִ˹
ִ֮ǰѾѾѾɴ´ϡ
ִ̫ʦ˱ѾѾǰ
ѾѾ̧ǣ𣿡
Уִǰ棬ֺ߸ϵ˵УҪ׬ˣ㻹ϽЩĿڷҺó
ŶԭİҶΪǷǵĶǹ׷ծˡ
ѾѾ£ִ磬ڻʹ˵˼Ϸʡ
ִ̫ʦ˸Ӿ£ѾѾĻЩˣʲô̬ȰҸĶأ㻹ϽǣСĴǾͲˡ
ѾѾֱ߲輸ϵĲ裬Լڣ滨뿪һҪȥˣںס滨ݲ裬ȥûʲôҪæģҾˡ
Ŷ
ѾѾô˵ˣ滨ȻЩ⣬Ҳˡ
ִʱŭˣ˵ǴôԴ˵𣿿һ趼ûУ
̫ʦɫҲѿϾǳִ˵ô˼ɵģ΢ίһ˵ΪǰڴʱȽûвҶûòд˵ϰߡ
Ǿǣǵϰ׾пʱ򣬾Ҫϲġ
ѾѾͷţͬ⣬д˵ʱǿ϶ϲģҪϲ裬ҪϵģƽʱǼҲôд˵ģڴʱҲôд˵ġ
ֻ
ѾѾ̧ͷ̫ʦ˸ִ磬д˵ʱӣĲǿˣôǼҲԼĹصģ֪ʲô𣿡
ִʶʵʲôأ
ǡ򣬳
Źܿ쳤ԽԽ֣Ҫһ˳
úȺܿɰװ׵ģë׵ģô˶Ҫһģǵһֻܿɰʱ򣬻Ǻ˵ġ
ִ̫ʦ˾ͱŵˡ
˱ŵˣѾߵǰ档
ңĹץߣҪҧҸҵ϶Źǵġ
˵ͺú˵Ÿ蹷ʲôϽ˽ػȥ
ִ̫ʦ˶ŵˣѾѾ֣˹ڻ˵дǿ˵ʲôصİֱӾͷŹ
ѾѾһֱֱһֻ豭һڲ裬ζʮؿִ̫ʦˡ
ִӲǺҲˣѾѾ˼˵ǲܻӭĿˡ
ָܻѾѾ㡭
ѾѾ±ӣﷴ˵ģĶӣšüҸһϲľǱָָңҲָҵĹԡ
ǿԳ⣬ѾѾǾøһЩƳҩʱ
ִ翴۾ͷȵһ£æ˻
챻ѾѾˣѾѾ⸱һ㶼Ӿ;øˣ룬ӻͳһƱӵϡ
ƱЩ࣬һġž
ʱõʮˣһǧƱֻҪڸҵǸҽĿڷҺóңЩƱˡ
ѾѾƤһۣһƱʮġ
ֲһǧƱܷ졣
ԺҪ˵ĻԽƱһһŵģһֻҪóһƱܴﵽղŵЧ
˺ܾҲ֪ŵϣƨɣԼȥ棬ԼҲվһ䣺ЩƱУĿڷҺҾ㵹Ҳ
͸ߡ
ûиͷܵѾѾ󣬴ĺ濪ʼ
һÿڼҺҲûʲôҪĽϣ㻹ҵĺ棬Ҷ㣬һץҶ
ѾѾ˵ظ˵һһӰԽԽԶ
ÿҪִͬú̫ܵʦˡ
ߣǲľĿڷҺˣߣΪԼʲôöأԺ͸ˣҲҪ
ʲôԺ϶ûġ

ִ̫ʦˣ֮󣬹ķ˻̫˹ˡ
ѾѾ˸˲裬˵ģ֪˵Ļģ˵˽пڷҺ˳
ĿڷҺǰһƳһƳ̵ģһƳ̾һµѾѾҲҲӡ
ϾֻǳɱĵĶˣҲΡ
ĵĶѵھͲˣ
һһ֪ѾѾĶ֮һ䡣
ѾѾֱ׳ӦΰʲôεģҪˣǶ̫˲ˣҲأܽôõĶƹȥҶΰ
һһ
ĿڷҺѾһЩ󳼵ķ֮䴫ȥˣÿյĿڷҺҲˡ
̫ҲڷþĿڷҺҲǡ
ѾѾʱ㣬Ӷط࣬ʼӵ顣
ԺĹ˿Ⱥ嶨λΪǵЩ󸾹С㣬ѾѾǲ춼ԺģֻӶԺִȻǲģûа취ЩŷʱʾطҪˡ
ѾѾͰѸطĵһӶΪԺˡ
űӼ¼ԼӦģѾ˵飬˵ӵװѾȫͼֽȥˣԱҲѵˣڵĲƷҲڷźã˵ͭҲá
ʱˡ
¿꿨۸ҲźˣˣĿһ¡
㽫ӷеһҳݹȥѾѾ
ѾѾڿʱӶҲڱϻ㱨
СãļײҲˣһǧ˰ӵײͣλƹĤΰĦģǧ˰ٰʮײͣں˴װĦа˴͡
һǧӵײͣʮξϸϴĤʮļ֬ʮͣʮι𡭡
ԺƳײ͵ĻҲѾѾģֻǾʲôײͣȥˡ
ƷĶҲǴŵ˵һΧ֮Լȥļ۸
¼ݣѾѾͷ
ѱӻǡ
ûʲôˣҼƻڵڶ죬Ҳǰʮʱҵȥ׼һ¡
ط༸ҲԺĹɶ֮һȻҲҪһȥ׼
ȵط֮ռҶɸǹѾѾ
ٹˣ⼸е˺ܶ࣬Ҿæ賿ûæ꣬Ҹˣȵ죬ҾͻæòˣˣǴôҷŸ٣㿴ô
ڷż٣
ѾѾǵһ˵񻹲ҲˣҲȨȥڵġ
Уôҷżٰɡ
Ҳֻܾоǵ˷ţдŷɸ봫ȥô춼Ϣһ졣

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ظѾѾ˵£ðʦҽˣǿ˵ġ


629  ҽ

ؽѾѾȥսѾѾ߸˵һ飬ðʦҽˣǿ˵ģʱͦߵ±˲֪ҽһš
Ŷ
ѾѾͷ
ðҽӵ˳ֵʱͲµðҽ˹ˡ
ɿѾѾӾͲ˰㶼
ѾѾһۣʲôģ
ȷˣʦһá
ѾѾ
ѾѾںҽǵ飬ǾﻹǺܶںġ
֪ҽ֮󣬴Ҷ䶯ˣвҪҽԼ
Ͼ˭ҽԼҽùϵˣǾԼǶһġ
˵ҽˣҲӦûȥҽ뵽ʹȥŶԵġ
ȻǻϣǻҲǻʱһλȨصˣӵһң϶˶ҪϧԼŶԡ
ʷϾкܶΪҪӳԼһЩķ
Щ˵ҽܺõģзˣᱻ뵽ʹȥġ
ڻʹﲢûʲôƺһ㶼뽫ҽ뵽ʹ档
ҽվڶס
ϰΪ˿Լһҽ˵лҽԼѰʲôģЩпܸϹϵˣ˸ɵ˶Ĵš
Ҳˡ
ڣǿ϶˼ҽˣֻҽһˡ
ҽһʮͷͦͨһͷЩֵ֣ͦиŻЩϲС

һȥʹʱʱ춼ˡ
ǳеڶ棬ӻȥʹ֮󣬾ͻȥѾѾڷѾѾ
ӣӴǸҽһӾ˵񵤵Ķ˵ǳ֮󣬻˾ٱģ
Ӽƻڽⶫûȥϳԡ
񵤣
֣ѾѾǰ˵ҩ
νҩʵʯɢ֮˻ÿޱȣֻþҪǻ񫡣
һˣΪ˿һֱõҩͻᱻƣôϾ͸ϵһ
ҪҩǺѵ顣
ѾѾĪؾ񵤸֮ǰҩӦһġ
֪ˣ𣿡
ѾѾ˵ͷӴǸҽŪҩӦҪϳԵģֻӲ֪ǸǼҽɻȴ֪ġ
Ȼ֪ˣѾѾ㲻ĻϻϵһҲ֪ҩ飬͸Ӳϵˡ
ռ˵ҽڶס֮󣬾͸˵õõ忷ֻҪƣһµʱȬ
Ŷ
ǰ˵ҽó񵤣ѾѾ޶ԣȴЩˡ
Ǹðʦ˵ģ
һһ˵õ忷Ǹеģ˶ƤûʲôǸðαӵĶȻҲ֪Ƥ
ڵ֪õƤ֮ѾѾȥʹͷͷû˵Ƥ⣬˵õ忷
ͷȷľܿ᲻ӰΣ
յͷ
ȷʵ˵ġ

֮ѾѾɫЩء
һһô
һһҲܳأһ̫ҾӦһȥһǸҽҪȷ
ţȥ
ҽĿǰסڶڣѾѾطѾǺˣҪҪͦġ
ղײգѾѾŵڶһȥڿȷҲá
ǼƻǸϲϱ仯һ磬ǾͿʼ֢͢ˣ˶ҪԼȥ֢ҪЭһڵ֢
֢ô֮ǰûϢ
ռҵĴڣ˶ڼСʮʮһǶûгš
үҲڼҡ
Ժǳ͢Ǳ߶ˡ
ɵɣмɩӣһģȫڼ˶ܳȥ
үǳ͢ˣ˽ñȽ϶ࡣ
ʵ֢ҲǺȻˣϸеʱ򣬾Ǳ߾Ⱦ֢ˣ˵֮ǰ߶ȫһȾ˻ᷢȣҲЩȵģȻԣؿʹȾ֮֮ھͻ
֢ԭԣһ˼йأǻ˼ҼӶ࣬רŴŪһЩҰζԣЩҰζ˶Ⱦˡ
ΪйϵϢͱ
ʱǾֻгЩҰζ˲ŻȾģֻҪԾûˣû뵽ȾԽԽ࣬ȥطǸطҲȾˡ


630 ˭Ҽð

ȾԽԽˣǸ˶Ⱦ˲ȥˣΪŵĻֻԽԽ˵òġ
ڲھǵ˲ˣҲܽˡ
үӸѾѾ˵ڵ
ѾѾüͷ
Ҵʦȥһ
ˣѾѾǲܷŲܵġ

˼Ҳռһ飬Ϊеףֶ࣬ǵĵ̶ˣ¥ζ¥¥Ӷˡ
ԬڼﶼЩסˣһֱҪȥѾѾѾѾɸסֲǴֲǲˣȥѾѾʲô
ûڻסңԱɸˡ
ôһ˵ԬҲ˵ҪȥѾѾ飬ֻƲֵشڼ
ͬȥѾѾ˻ط࣬طҪѾѾԵɱԬҪһЩ
סһλҽһλҽĵӣ鱬ʱ򣬾Ӧжʱ򣬿סţȴһ㶯ûС
˰ǵ⣬ط໹ҪѾѾ˵һ¡
ǵݵѾ֮ĵڶҪҵ˵ģӣȻǲܿҵˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱܹȥһ첻ȥǵݵ궼һ첻ܿҵ
ҪȥѾѾ˵˵İš
ֻǶܵϣҪȥѾѾҲȥ
ڼģɴȥһˡ
չʦҽͽܣ϶洫ģʱôȥϰβأ˵̫ҽȥˣֱ̫ҽҪ
ҪǶȥĻЩϰҪô죿
طȻڼǶ˽ġ
˵̫ҽȥϰտˣҪʦҲһȥҿĻǿ϶ܹӿսʤε֢ġ
طĻһ˵żҸʦʲôģҲʲô˶εģó̫ҽȥǿҲûа취εʱҸʦٳȥǿͺˡ
򲻶֪ˣһʱȥȷһΪԽҽ߳ĴԽӵأԭǵİ
طһʼ֪һҽһҽͽܣڿȷ׵Ĳ֮󣬶ͦкøеء
ڿҲˡ
˭˼ҲҽҽͽأûʲôϵʲôҲûˡ
ط಻Ǻһ˵תԼķ䡣
ռңͷžƾվţž;ŵˣ˵ʲô飬Ҳûϣǲܵġ
ƫƫһµͽܡ
ͽҪȥ£Ҫǣֻܸһȥˡ
ԴѾѾ˾֮󣬾ǸĸоǺ֣ܷģɴʱ˿̣Ǿֻʣ
ټһϣȫĵ̶ˣϳʿŵѹѲ⣬ˡ
ƽͺܿĽֵ˿Եøӵؿˡ
ѾѾ֮ǰѧҽĿʵͦСģһʼѧҽֻΪҪĽβѣΪĽѣܲĽϵ
ֺйһʱΪֶܻβģΪҪܺܶܶĻ֣һȥϵͳ̳һɿˡ
ڣʶѧҽʵһô顣
ÿһڼǰǴģ˶̰ģһ²ļͻܻš

ϰ֪֢֮ſڶҳˡ
ûпκ֢Ĵ֣´ֻһֱڻֵ̿УҵȾ߲ȥ
Ǿǵ˱֢ɱˣпң˶Ⱦġ
ԣΪζҪκôңһס飬սʤ֢
ʦҹȥʿʡ
ѾѾ˵ȥһʿ
ѾѾϴɴһͦб־ԵĶǵ˶֪׷ĳŵʱϲɴġ
Աʿ֪ǳ֪޲ԣ޲˽鶼ѾѾ˵ˡ
ѾѾתͷ
Ϊܶ򶼲ȷʲôҪôƵģֻôҶڼﲻҪţЩҲԼļǿʿء
Ѿ̫ҽȥǿˡ
˼˼ңڹȥǿɡ

ھģ࣬Ҳصġ
ѾѾͷȥ
ȥ֮ǰѾѾһ׷ָͷ
ԼҲ˷֡
ͷѾϰѾѾóЩֵֹĶһ뵽ѾѾҵӼʲôͲˡ
Ҳ֪ԼǴⳡԿս֮Ҫɲܻûоôβ֮ǰԼȲˡ
Ƕ÷ÿȥ֮ǿŵʶ̫ҽ
ԭ̫ҽ˿
ͷ̫ҽѾˣټ£ͬģͺͶҲࡣ
һߣ̫ҽһ߸˵˵
ڵҪǻûȡͬʱؿԣûʳ
ʱʱȳһЩѪЩصվվˣ췢ֵʱѾʮˡ
ͷѾѾз𣿸Ƿһף˼ȻؿԣǾҪעһЩⲡų˴˵Ŀԣ˽ӴҪ÷ÿ֣͸ߵʱһ
š
ֶܱռʲôռ䣬ѾѾ·˺ܶ࣬Ҳǿġ
ѾѾͼװǴ·ʵϴϵͳ̳һ˼׷ֳ̫ҽȥ̫ҽ
ѾѾͷҲȥЩ˿ˣ̫ҽ˵һڿǺֹۡ
ͷѾܾûôֵˣ˵ȾϵӦǷ纮һ֣йأǷβֻ֢ʱҲûиõͷȥϵ⡣
һҪо
ѾѾҽʵͷҪһЩˣѾѾԿңһһɨǵϵͳڡ
ڲһһûзӣһһҲȷȾϵʲô˵ôȥˡ
һһȾϵӦһ͵ĲȻ粻ǵʷУ֮ǰļǵϵͳжǿԲҵģΨβһˡ
Ҳ󣬰˵Ӧûġ
һһ֪ʲôѾѾüͷġ
̫ҽ˵ҪӦҪȽ˸뿪ЩпܻȾϲҲ뿪Ҹʦ߻ᾡƳβķӵġ
УΪЩ֮˵Ŀֻţȥ˵ҽԹβˣ֪ҽˣӦþûôֻŵˡԱܶ鷳

ҽȥβϢڲ֮дˣ˾˶С
ϢͨĶҲˣҽʱףˣ˭˵ҪȥЩβˡ


631 ҽҲȾ

ϢͨĶҲˣҽʱףˣ˭˵ҪȥЩβˣҽȥβ𣿡
ҽڱŭʱ򣬶ǡ˹Ļüҽ
ҽһĻٺٺ١ɵЦ˵үҸոնǿЦģأĴûа취ˣҹΪҽôܲȥβء
ȻѾҽˣɱϾǸٵģһүˣүǰҲΡ
ͷãǾҽˣȥʲôҪ͸˵
ҽ
ǣôͳš
ֱӱ͵

ѾѾͷûлؼңһָʿν˸룬һȥоЩ˵õʲô
ָʿ˸ͷо˵õʲôѾѾ
ǸոѾѾͷʦʿǶЩˣô£
ĵͷôóȥ˿˰ǻڸѧҽʹ̫ҽǶʲôܿ𣿡
ǰһֱЩѾȾ˵˴һ飬᲻᲻̫ð
ҪҲĲⳤҪǳʲôˣϿǻĵġ
һĶͼͷȥѾѾ
˵ͷֽ
ƵһͣľӪôҽȻԼСͽܶȲϣƫƫ⻰û˵Ҫ˵ҪôǻҪôǻûá
ĵطǣƣðСͽҽĻˣʤ˵óͽܰ
ѾѾҽıͷҪˣѾѾ˵һЩͷûļ
ԴδļʱͷѾѾԼȥҪʺһЩ
ֻҪѾѾҪʱʱһЩˡ

ѾѾʿǸһķ䣬ţڷоŪĸ
һЩ̵Һˮ֮Ķ
һһһֱЭһ˲ٵĻ֣ϵͳ˲ٹȥİ
ڷһ߰˸ʱȵӷʱѾǵڶˡ
һҹû˯ȴһ㶼ƣЩȵġ
ͷͲˣͷԼôѾѾʦˣѾѾΪ˵æµţʦܾôܵȥ˯ˣĻһΪһʦӶûˡ
ͷܻط˯ѾѾķ˯ˡ
ȵѾѾųʱ򣬿˯ͷű򿪵˲䣬͸ŵڵϡ
žˡ
ѹɻؿѾѾѾͷôôͳˣ
òоʲô˰ɣ
ͷǲģŶ೤ʱ䰡
ȥÿδĲ֢ʱҪŪʮµģŪʲô
ѾѾȻǸҽҪͽܣ϶Ҳܱ̫ġ
˭֪ѾѾ˵ͷ
û
Ѿȷ˴ҸȾʲôһβķҪһԡ
ʲô
ͷЩɵˣ̫ԼĻ
֪ˣߣȸΪʦ˵һ£ʲô˵˵Ҫôκⲡ

ҽҪ˿һͽܣ˵һҲҪųǵģֻһԼҪչΪɣûиų
˾ֻмҽˡ
ʵˣֱӾͽҽˣĲеˣͬʱвٶǲ÷ǳأصûˡ
ҽֱӶҪ޳ˡ
ѾѾҩ׼ҩ֮󣬾˼ã͹ȥصļȺȡ
Ȼ˵ҽȾˡ
ѾѾֶһ£ʵĸҽ
һҽɣ
̫ȷ˵
Ŷ
ѾѾͷҩ
ͷ汳֣Ƶ߽˵ǧҪҪҲôţ˵ԼҽҽԼı¶ûУҲ˵Լҽ𣿡
ѾѾû̧ͷһҩ룬óȥغʿͷߵʱ˵㲻ҲҽԼıҲû𣿡
ͷճͽܵı
Сͽһ㶼ɰ
ҽȾˣ֢ʵǺأһֱڽиͣԼĻһ
һֱʿææչöѾѾͷ
ҹ˵ҽͿʼˣȵͦأһֱҪҽʲôġ
ʿǶֹҽ˵ʲôԼҽǻȥĸҽﰡ


632 ʲô

ҽôôţҽӦѾټ˰ȾˣԼ϶Ҳа취βģȫûбҪôŵİɣ
ҽôˣЩͨϰոô죿
ѾѾĶѣ˸ͼ˯
ʱʿ͹
ЩǿҩЧˣǳҩ֮Ѿˡ
˳ҩ֮Ѿܹվˡ
Ǹ˺ܾõĲѹˡ
ţҩȥץЩҩôҶ¡
ȷҩܹˣѾѾ;һ
ҩܹסˡ
ʿҪߵʱѾѾֽסˣȵȣҩȥǸҽˣпˣһȥλҽβġ
ⲡƣƵòԣڵò֮ȥҽȾʱ仹졣
ѾѾòüȥơ
룬ʿȥҩĲˡ
֢нҩϢ˳ȥϰǵĶ˲٣ֻΪȫס֢ڻǲᳫ
ϰǻǸ֮ǰһڼ档
ֻг͢˻߶
֢ҩˣ֪˼ҽѾβˣһӦҩ϶ġ
ڣжһʱ򣬶׷ǰл
ллʦˣĻǶҪˣںˣпβҩˣ֢Σ϶ܿҪġ
ʦҽҽûĻǶ֪Ҫôˡ
һǫЦЦӦЩӦ顣
ʦǱæôӦûϢûгԺõˣóЩóԵĶ͹ȥ
Ļ䣬ӱ˵ĸҴ͹ȥС
аɣ͹ȥҲУҽʲôҪģٸ͹ȥ
ҽΪǼңҲΪǶ˲ٵĹףǿɲܵҽ
֪ôˡ
Ҫһһȥһԥһᣬ˵ͷ
ȻǣǸνʦʲôˣġ
ƾҪƳ֢ҩ»ѡ
֢ʱ̫ˣþǸҽ˾֢֮Ϳʼòɣ֢пҲЩ˰ŵġ
ΪľǸʦҽܹõ˵Ρ
ȻҪ
һӳˣֱȥ˸
ڸſڣ˸Ƿ˿ָ
üͷǶƵҩΪλҪЩ
ӵĻЩǳҪģ˵ˣҩ黹ûȫ֮ǰܵģ˵ʲôҪǲעһĻ黹ܻģ֮ЩҩûôʱҪҩһҪעˡ
Ҳ
͸һЩ顣
һ˵᲻֪Թģ˵óҾӦǳԼ뷨
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һװʲô֪ӣӣΪʲôҪǲ뿴𣿡
ЦҪ𣿱ھ͵ʲôӶ࿴һ۵ġ
һǹ˹
ѾѾڸһλʮ˰˸Ⱦ߲ҲúأһȻԹȥˣúѾѾҩѾָ
ʱһʮǺѵõ飬˶ˣֻһͨķ纮ҲпģοôصĲ߲ûչ˵ġ
ǵĻᴫȾҲһչŶԡ
ͻһЩĲˣ߾мչǡ
ѾѾ˰꣬£˻ᡣ
ҸҼһϣϧӸһȾ˲ûҺãûܵȵˡ
˵ǵĺôչҰĻʲôӰҸǻᰡҲһỹҪص飬ǶʣҸˡ˵һʲôð˶ˣһˣϼһŻʲôð
˵˵ſ
ûаο˾飬ֻ˵ѾѾеţ֪һڿˣӦ˵Щʲô
ֻø˵壬ѹģôص飬û˵þȻˣ͸ҪúõػˣȻĻԲүǲǣ
˲ˣѾѾ˵ҶʮˣŶ󰡣Ӧúһүġ
ѾѾ
Ǿƺʱ
һʿ˽ߵѾѾߣӹˡ
Ŷ
ѾѾӦһ˵
壬Ĳ϶ܹκˣֻǻȥ֮ʣһˣҿҪȵĲ֮͵ҼҵׯȥιţιİɣΣģţʳҶǰ׼õģʱֻҪŵǵʳˡ
ϲԵǼҸǵŷھһŷɼÿĿ̫ˣһŷæ
ʿƺѶӵһ£վһˡ
һûеȵѾѾһᣬظһȥҼҽ
ҽģ
ӵʻʿǴҽסҽԼݣͬʱҲΪ±ٰѲȾҪһԺӡ
ǵԺ棬ʿûмߣȷظ˵ӣҽҲȾ˲Ҫȥ𣿡
Щ⣬ͬʱҲЩ֮Ȼû뵽ҽΪ˵ҩȻϧԼȾ˸һļȻҽô˽ֻȥһҽֺη塣
˵ţһȥ
һͷˮʿ
Ӵ˵ʲô
ξ˸ҽʲôϵ˵ǳ
ʲôνҽֻ֮ǿһ۲ԼȾˣһҪҽǸٵҽˡ
Ӵ˶ô˵ˣҲõĻ
ֻøȥ
棬ûеõҩҲ֪Ѿоβ֮ҩļҽڿޡ
ǿȥҽȥûҶҪٲҾͦס˰
˰ǿȥҽβҪҽҾǸҽǿ㽫ҽҹ
㰡ҿҪˣҪҽǿȥҽβ
ͣڲſڡ
ɫ䣬ɫߵʿ˵Ѿоβõҩ˭Ƴģ
ȻǼҽǿ϶ûʲôϵ
ǡǡǳ

ʲôˣѵΪע⣬֪֢


633 ӵ

ȥҵѾѾʱϾβס
Ļء
ֻΪ˶࿴һۣǸ¸΢õӡ󣬾Ȼ֢ˡ
ӵȻöݺݵģѾѾ˵ҪΪЩû֪ˣҵ֤֮һϡ
ʱҿܼܲȥ
ѾѾһĪؿŶӣȫ֪˵ʲô
ֱӶøﻹǸȥ
壬ڵ֢ѾõòˣٳҩȻ۲ʮ죬ûµĻͿԻȥˡ
ѾѾү˵꣬ת߳ȥ
·ˣѾѾ߹ȥ
Ϊ·̫խײ¶ӵļ
ӲͷԼѾѾײļɫ˺ڣð
켾Щģϴ·٣һ֮ǴñȽ롣
ѾѾıӰ˵ʲôҶΪҵġ
ȥֺĸط࣬ҲԸġ
ѾѾתͷӣ˵ǸлˣãҶڳΪҲûʲôȤ
УȾģϽ뿪Ͼǲܸβġ
䣬ѾѾתĲȥ
ӶѾѾıӰҧҧ
ȻǸթŮˣ
ϲҪ޸ҪһܹݵİϷ
һվڶߣӣոյ˼˵Щ֢ǳŪ𣿿ǳΪʲôҪôֶûкô
ôΪԼ棬Ȼ飬̫ˣѵҵ𣿡
üͷȻҲѾѾĺܹ֡
ʱһ顣
һոʦ˵Ļʲô˼˵ԼǼҽʦ
֮ǰ˵ҽĵӵġ
һû뵽ӻ⣬˸һ£ͣҲǺֻ֪ҪΪͽܵʱ򣬾ȸ˵ҽ
ҾһֱΪҽˣѵҲǱƭˣһƭǣ
Բ𣬶ԲҲӦڻûŪʦʱ͸˵ҽĵӵġ
ӣ᲻ң
šüҡͷᣬҲǱƭˣֻҽĻĸĲ
Ҫȥҽˡ
һʿӸѾѾĶԻǡʿǰڸߵľλʱҲۼ֤ѾѾͷôòġ
Щ˵


634 Ȼôã

һʿӸѾѾĶԻǡʿ˰ǰڸߵľλʱҲۼ֤ѾѾͷôòġ
Щ˲Լݱ΢
ȻҪ˵Ӵˣո᳤ˣˡ
ε֢ǳģҪûгĻЩȾ˲Ҳô͵õεġ
Ӧøлġ
ҪпյĻȥǰڸʯһôʧġ
ȵ֮ͻᷢԼոմжôס
µĻ˵ˣиˡ
ʿƲסڵķŭתߵʱ򣬻ߡһ
ӵȨˡ
ھǵʵõģƽʱˣǸլʺˡ
λʿҲ׳ŵȥ˵һЩ·ϵĻ
һЩǸʿıӰ˵ӣҪҪץһ
ӻ˼ոʿ˵ĻΪʲôҪǰߵ顣
ǰҲˣʱʱҲ︸һЩ飬Ҳ˵ߵ
˵ԭͦصߣҶҪϲ˵ˣϾǻûдԴ֢
̫ҽȥҲ޲ߡ
͢ʱʵѾҪҪֱӷطֱ˷ŻӵˣӵĲ˶ˡ
̣ܲ޼ƿʩ£ֻһСȥ;ȫˡ
ҺãȻʹס˵Ϣ
Ⱦ˶κˣв֮ǰÿһζҪ٣Ҫٺܶܶࡣ
ɲû֪ǳ˭κõģҲûȥ飬ˡ
ڸոʿȥߵ飬ѵҲйأ
͸ûһ˵ĻһЩæ
ߵüҴҵġ
һսȭͷ׷˹ȥ

ѾѾһ˰ֱӾʰ׼ؼҡ
ѾȶƵҩˣûʲôµˡ
ԼĶŵĲ档
߸ֵһСʿ״ʵȥҽβ𣿡
ȻҽѾҽˣΪûйٷ˻ǹٷļ˵ҽ
ڴһǽҽ
ѾѾһСƿŵ棬ӦҽԼԼβ˰
ʿ
ô˵Ҳȷʵûд

ҹżҽǺĽ
ҿҪˣҸҿ
ʮ㣬ʲôë
뿪ֱ֮ȥ˶
ǰߣ˲֪ɻϻ֪ġ
ǻϵĵܵܣȻͬĸҲܹ˵ϼ仰ˡ
ȥʻϱԼȥҪʡ
ҲͦģʹشӦӣȥѯʡ
ܿ죬ʹŴ𰸻
˵ˣ궼ǳĹͣҲΪϲŻΪ
Щ𾪣һᡣ
ȻΪκߵģ
ǰŶ
ȻôãôСײؽ⣿


635 ҽ

Щ𾪣һᡣ
ǰȻǳߵ飿ǻŶһ㡣
ǻûɶ˵ѵģȻ϶ô˵ˣ˵ġ
ܽ͵ͨΪʲôҪýΪҪΪŮ
ֻƾʲôߵģ
ѾѾȻѾ֢Ľҩҳˣٸ˳ԹЧ֮󣬾Ⱦ˶ˣҲͱס
ΨжԹڷļҽԼҪˣǶûȥ
־ʮشţ˰ȥҴҿҲ
ʿǽҽѾѾӦ
ѾѾ˵ҩɡ
ǡ
ʿˡ
ѾѾ߾ֻʣͷˡ
ĽҩѾѾģͷͰѴȫȨѾѾˡ
ôȫƾѾѾԼϲ
ѾѾȻҪʿȥ֮Ǹðļһ;
˵ͽǼһﶼðΪʦˣ㶼ΪʦѵΪʦǲǾûʲôλ
ѾѾͷһۡ
һˣȻʳôɵ⡣
˵ð㣬㶼ûȥѵˣѵԼҲûʲôλ
ǵȻǣΪʦǻûȥѵ
ͷ˵š
ʵȷʵҲô⣬Ҳǵһðˡ
ǡ

ҽʵûеôκνѵģʵ⼸һֱĥš
˯Ҳ˯ţһ۾ͻεԼĻ档
˼ĥ⣬ҽҲ¶ˣϵĲˣھʵҲȥˡ
ѾѾͷԣǸ޹ؽҪˡ
ҽݱ¶˶֪ˡ
һ֪εȫѾѾſסġ
󲿷˿ʼֶѾѾĹ۵ʱдҽȸˡ
ھǿͷ˵ʲôƺôҶ߲ʱ˵ǸòǱʲôƭ˰ɣҽھǣε߲϶ҽκõ߹ʲôʲôϵ
ľǰգһۣյǵİɣû˵ҽǸҽ𣿡
ôܣҸոնҽˣҼҾסҽɽ£ôҽϲǿǸҽˡ
ǡÿͷѾѾһָ߳˽͡
ѾѾʱɴھģвܹϳġ
ڿͷ֮󣬻ͷߵѾѾ
˵ǸɴĹԱߵ˾ҽ

ӵȺоȥʱ򣬽ԼĻתӡ


636 ȥѾѾ

˵꣬šüġ
ȴЩһ
ֲκôˣԭֻΪãʶҽѡ
ǡ
Цһ£ǸٵŮˡ
ϰյ˶ȫĹԼϡ
Ҫϳߵ˾ҽǴҶᱻƭ˹ȥɡ

Ƶ˻ҪһʱȬЩǽӴҲҪٹ۲һӡ
ʱ˵һǾٳŵĺá
ڳѾûôˡ
ǣԬûܵôϣԼˣȥĽϣͼĽһš
ĽϿһԬʣԺţڷﴦһЩ顣
ӣǲ鵽үڵĺ˳׵ҹүδطһҹľơ
š
ĽϷ¸͹ϣͷ
߰ɡ
˻䣬߳ţԬ߹
ԬС׷ȥչڷʲôòʲôҰɣͲ˼ˣǶǶ೤ʱֵˣ龹ȻңòᶼûҰɣҪһĵġ
Ĺʲô£
ĽϰһԬʡ
ԬʾҲֻãˣ
ϰˣֱӺԵָĽߴߴ˵ͣ
㿴ѽǶڼôʱˣѵÿԳţҪȥأ
ҪһȥϰɣչչֽѽȻĻҾԼҪùˡ
ĽûлشԬʵĻʱȥѾѾڲڼ
ûѽȥʲôѽҸ˵ˣѾѾڸβģ˵ͱȾˣҲҪġ
Ȼ˵ɣȷʵܹκⲡֲɵӣұʲô¶ûеģΪʲôҪԼȥҩѽ
ѾѾǼһﲻϲ˹ҩϲ룬ҲŲҪȥ
Ԭʺ̹Ȼ˵Լڲ뿿ѾѾɡ
ҲܳɹرĽӵ
Ԭʻ˲䣬Ľϱ˵ȥѾѾɡ
Ԭʣ
ĽϸԬʳռſڵʱѾѾȥ
ǹ˵ˣȥһ˼ϣȥʳĻҼһտɡ
뿪ʼѾвµʱ䣬Ҷˡ
Ǽļӡ
ƽʱϲȥܵģ˵ڼұ£һ춼ﲻס
áĽӦ÷ǳɴ࣬ҽӹѾѾϵĲӡ
æˣôüȥ
ĽѾѾҲ࣬ļѾѾļֻ֮һȭͷľ롣
߶ʱļѾѾļһ顣
ġ
ѾѾԣӦǵֿûҺá
ȻǿסˣҲǿεģЩȾǴ©֮㣬ûҪȥðգʱ˷ҩģҲۡ
Ľϵͷ
ȻѾ쵽ˣ⻹ЩɹѾѾ̧һֻûᶫ֣ѾѾڵһ⡣
Ԭһ·϶ǺԸһҪ׼տϾʹþʮģߵñѾѾǻ졣
߿Щ֪óԵģȥ˿ɾҪ˵ġ

ڼô죬Ȼ˵տˣүӸ͵˶Щ˷ܡ
Щĸˡ
ǼĺǶڻ
סͬһҸҵ˶ռҵĻ
ȥռҵʲôϲˡ
ϸһóȥ͸ռҵĺǡ
Ľͬʱڡ
ܿõ˴Ϣ
ϾͳţŵʱĻӴĹԼҪȥռտ˵ˡ


637 ˭ʲôϵ

ѾѾһҰᵽ֮⻹ǵһڼտ
ôӣǵ֪Ϣˣӵ
ҪǣǶʱȥȾ𣿡
Щ˿϶˵ʲôѽأҽҲڣʲôطȫ𣿡
ѾѾ׼ʳĺܶ࣬Ѽе˰˵ķҲ˵ģ˲١
ڼʱһ㶼⣬Ҫǲžò
ЩȥϴˣɻģûݳԶ
ѾѾĽԬʻǽϵʳĶݹȥǡ
Ľһ졣
ͿĻӣûʲôҲһԼڸɻ
ҲãҲãҲͦģһһʳȥϴˣŪģѯˡ
ΨɫЩѿ
һֱִЩؿѾѾ
֪˻ΪѾѾǲʲôʱʼˡ
ΪˣѾѾϻһشɴ
ɴ֮£Īس˳顣
Ӹòİɣ죬ӿ㡣
һһӿѾѾЩ
ܰɡ
ѾѾûӡ
ϾҪÿ˶ҪĻҪġ
£ȴûô׵طŹ
ȥϴ֣ϴֵʱҪһȡ
Ȳеա
ߵһҪתʱ
ɫѿĶӡ
ѾѾˣ˼
ҲƶȻһɽһѾѾǰ
ѾѾһߡ
ָŶǵ
Ŀĺˡ
ѾѾšüĿ£
ӰؿѾѾ˵ͲҪ˵ҽ㻹ƭ˵˵㣬Ķʹ𣿡
ѾѾץԴǷ꣬˵ҪôҲ˳ۣͲҪǰķûµĻÿҪȥ
ѾѾץץԴǲͷɫ
ֻǲͷȴεĲϲ
ܹݣ
ͱĳôһʣѾѾֻܹݡ
ЦҪΪ˵ҾͻȤֻôһҲȢ㣬㲻ҪˣʲôϷˡ
ͷڷ˯֮ϵ˵ѾѾڼտ
˲˾񣬲Ѱ˹
ѾѾվڳȴ˵˹
ѾѾͽվʲôѽϽȥ׼տʳģ
ͽ
㶡
һ۾ϳҽҽȻͽѵҽͽܣ
еʣؿͷ˵ҽãҽطƣ￴㡣
ͷǲſһɻؿ˭ʲôϵ


638 ɴ

ͷֵؿŶӣʣһ뷨
ʲôӵģ϶Ǹˡ
ֲʶҲûʶǰʹϵ
̫ͷػ˻֣ѾѾ˵ͽΪʦ˯һ϶ûгԶڶúأ㿴ǲҪЩȥΪʦŪЩԵĶѽ
Ӻܲײܼͷͷȥĸβ⣬еͷùϵ
Ͼͷҽ
ҽʲôסھ˶ЩλӸλġ
ͷ˵Լˣæ˵ҽˣӶĻҿҵȸЩԵġ
߾ֻһǾһѾܵˣ䣬³
ҲԱ̫ԣĻ˯ӡ
ͷ˶һۣ˵ˣֻϲҹͽĶ
üѾѾƶѾѾ϶ڸҽʳֽţŻҽôĻġ
β˵ĹͶԸˡ
ҽƻˣڲںܵʲô֪
˵ҽˣ֪ɷһ˵
ͷʶӣվ˵Ըˣ˵ýһȥ˵
õѾѾȥŪԵġ
ѾѾϽȥϴأڻǷǳʱڣøϽϴ֣Ȼпܻ˷ҩˡ
ǿƽ˵ȻӸʦлҪ˵ұȥ˵ʲô˵ɡ
䣬Ӷߴ˹ȥ
ͽҪȥѽͷˣѾѾȻǰҪ׷ȥ
ӿѾѾԶ֮󣬿ڣҽˣѾ֪εܹ֮ôؽȫĹֻͣҪԸ⣬ӿϽ˵
ʱʹһٵġ
ڳеĹͶԼϣҲϻдҽģһӦõĹ
Ҫвˣ˵ʵҲԸ˵ӶΪӦõһС
ҪҽԸĻӿȴضס죬һҲû۸˼ˡ
ͷȷһԼ϶ˣӾǸԲС
Ӵ⡣
Ҳ֪˵ʲô
һۣ˵Ǹöϧûˣȥҹͽ㿴ϾҹͽҽһҪ˵õģεҲķӡ
취˵ҲȲ˵ģҲû취ҽεôʱ
䣬ͷٿӡ
ȥǰ濴տʳĴôˡ
ڼô죬տԲһ͵ġ
ͷӻǰ·ÿŲҸ룬㶼ˡ
ӻЩ¡
Ϊҽո˵Щеˡ
ҽ˵ҽĻ˵ã
ͷƿ˹ȥ
ȵͷ˺ԶŷӦҪȥѯͷո˵Ļǲġ
׷ͷʱͷѾԺ棬ָŴϴ
ӿ˹ȥһæ
Ҳûлȥѯ
ĽϸԬѾϴֳվԺ棬һ졣
඼ԬԼģĽֻʱʱشһ䡣
Ľʼųȵķ򣬵ѾѾ
ܿ죬ѾѾһӵտõĵϳ
Щϵͳ̳һġ
ǼҵϵȻҲ٣Ҳôȫġ
˵տ֭տ㣬¶֮ľûС
װϵӲѾѾԼžͦɵġ
ĽϿСȥѾѾϵӽӹ
ϼͬʱдЩЦݡ
ѾѾҲȻؽ粢š
һ飬ûô˵ҲһգôҶȥǡ

ĻӸѾϴȫʳģڵϣԼһϴʳģźɵ飬ڱȽ˭ϴʳϴøɾһЩ
ӸҡѾѾĽϽӸ
ĵζó
ĽڱϿü㻹Щζϣ
ѽҾóѾѾֱ׳Ӧš
óֺ֮˶
һһ˵Ļÿһζϵô
ÿһšš
ڳհ׳յѾѾ˵϶ǲ֪ģӲ֪ۻЩǺˡ
š۵ĸʱ⧲رǺô˺ü硣
ϵɴʱƮѾѾ¶˳
ڸ˵Ķǡ̧ͷʶȥ


639 Ҳ

˳ѾѾɴȥȫӲһһֱضѾѾ
ѾѾϵɴѾѾѾס
۾ȻһգգؿѾѾ
ѾʼƴտҪõˣӸĻǻ￴Ҳûʲô˼
ϾЩûĵζ̫ˣʱ򣬻ֻṴˮ
Ǽվ׼뿪
¶ӣ߰ɡ
ӲΪ
ɻ˳ŶӵĿ⿴ȥڶѾѾ
ô𣿡
ѾѾӵ̧ע⵽ڿššüġ
ˣЩˣȥǱˡ
ѾѾվ·׼ˡ
ڻع˵ȵȡ
ѾѾŲɣ·û˵Ļ
΢ٴοڣȵȡ
ѾѾŲͣ
Ľͣ
תͷӣвơ
ע⵽ĽƺһֱѾѾߵġ
Ҳû룬ѾѾ
˵֪ɷϵɴժ
Ҫȷոǲۻˡ
ɡ
ش˲ѾѾĽϡ
Щˣܣڸ˵ûشң㲻Ҫ졣
ĽϵǴҲùùá
ӦúĽһܵġ
Ľɫ䣬˵ѾѾ±ҵ飬˵ɱǲɡ
߰ɡ䣬ͷȥ׷ѾѾ
ЩˣѾѾıӰҪܹݣϷҲ湻ˡ
ܹݣ
ĽϵĽŲ
˵һˣ˼ѾѾ˼ҪʲôܹݵϷ
߰ɡ
ĽѾѾ˵
ѾѾס
Ще⣬ô˵˵ͨġ
Ȼȥ
ӾԼȨðˣѾѾıӰ˵㲻ǳȫܼˣ鷳㽫ϵɴ
غھլӵģ˾֮ͷôƤطҪסѾѾ
ȻסԼѾѾԶˣйעѾѾϢ
֪ѾѾҽҪտ϶Ѱ˹
տԺӣӵĻ
һص㣬رػ̣˵ѾѾ¾ˣ˫ֲŭŶӣҹͽԸԸ⽫ϵɴժƨ£ܼܲҲǸ㿴ġ
ɣ
ӿغЩ𾪡
ո˵ͽܣ


640 ֶʮ

ӿغЩ𾪡
ո˵ͽܣ
غһۣЩ̣ôѵ˭ͽܣҪ
ǳٵĹϵغͦţ˵ͦţͦʵ֡
ǲ̫ϲӣҲͷֱӾͰѲϲϡ
ӻǵغ˵ֻһͽܵ顣
ټող俴һۡ
ѵľھ¥òŮӣ
Ϊغ֣ѾѾĽŲͣƬ̣غ˵˼仰̬У˵߽غͷǱߡ
غͷڴѾʶ˾һѾѾԵģĸ顣
δ˴ʱһ棬͸˵Ļһ
ӸŹͿغͷǹһĵϲ
˻һһָѾѾһ㣬˶ѾѾ顣
һﶼˣôסҹͽٺöˡ
ΪҸһôҪİԼھҲûסĵطҪסҹͽӣҹͽҪææǵģҪչ㣬ֲöûˡ
ʲôðֲܵԣܵˮȵģʱ䵱ȻǺúҽĺðҽ˿ܹ˵ģ㿴ͽ˶ˡ
˶һһͽġ
ӲɵֿѾѾķ
ʱע⵽ѾѾüʵúܺÿеĺÿЩϤУ͸ھ¥ǸòҵٵúܺõŮһ
ǲԸѾѾռŮӡ
ôܣӹײΪҪ޸ԲֶεŮˣôôʥãһֺٵ
Сʮڷ֣ʮһʮʮСŹ
һ·ϺšСùãСùõġʮʮѾѾĻһһңѾѾš
ʮѾѾϵɴüͷɴܳ󡣡
䣬ֱӽѾѾϵɴ
ѾѾ֮¶˳
쿴һģһ
һľޣһģ˿һ֮޷
Ȼ
ӸһһֱѰŮӣû뵽
⺢ӡѾѾʮԴ
ɴѾժˣҲٴϡ
Ժ˶ѾѾա
ڡ
Ҳˡ
ֻǿһ۾͵ͷȥԼ飬һ㶼һ
ӼþȫſסԼûԼȥѾѾΪʲôҪƭ
ߵߣӣǲ֪ˣ
Ļô
Ҳû˵ͷҼǰͼֻû뵽֮ӡ


641 

Ļô
Ҳû˵ͷҼǰͼֻû뵽֮ӡ
֪ѾѾúܺÿû뵽Ȼôÿ
ӵĻһʱ֮䲻֪˵Щʲô
ѾƺˣѾѾĻӣǼȥ⡣
Щ˶ǹ׳ԵģҪǻǸɵǿˡ
ĻӳϴɽʱѾѾӴʱ䶼ֻżԶԶؿ
⻹ǵһμտ
Щ棬һߴһտҪôҪЩ⿾𣿿ôֱһֻȥɽϵʱ򣬲һֻһСһСؿôԣ
¹ΪĻˣǸúʱǻġ
Ҳ⡣
ĻӵĹϵãʱҲʱŵһߡ
ʵֲûˣЩŪ˶˹ͺˣΪλҪԼȥŪǼŻʲôã
̲סֿһѾѾȭͷͷûô˵
ҸѾѾýةѾѾҲͦ죬үҲ졣
û¾ͻᵽѾѾүһЩ⡣
ͼװѾѾߵҲͦ
һȥģѾѾҲԵĻˣ֪տһռ˻ӭֻ
ʱЩ⣬ٺٺٵЦţǲشĻӸӵ⡣
СùãŸ˵ˣǿտˡ
ʮոܳȥתһȦ˻
ѾѾȥõ¯
СùãǧҪԼԣ㿾ÿһʳﶼ֮׵ģܱ˷ˡ
ʮѾѾǰɷµ˵š
⻰ԬʣһЦ
˵ѾѾùҲ̫ʧ˰ɣСʮ֪ĳղУŪʲôʲô
ѾѾԬʣ뿪ڣĽѾ˵ҳպãԺѾѾʲôҸУǻʲô𣿡
Ԭʣ
Сʱһ鳤ģܾԼ˱ˡ
췭Ͼպˡ
ոջҪԼֵӶĻϵļἱÿˣһ˲ɴĻԼ
߿ҵҺ÷üʱͽˣţ㣬ǱֿļᣬȻտǵԼֲź桭


642 ͬ

ȵȣ⴮⻹ûã⼼һ㶼аϽÿ
ۼֶֿ˶ϵ⴮
ոһֱΪʲô˶ֵӣʱ͸´½һΪȫͶտˡ
Ļ֣㣬⼦῾ˣҸոճɺóˡ
һᣬԼƷ
ݹȥĻӡ
῾⽹ۣɫƣ˵úܡ
Ļӡšһӹ
Ԭһʱһᡣ
һĽҲؽһߡ
ԼԣҵݸѾѾҿЩûãȳ
Ϊհ׳յѾѾһտûжֵȨġ
ӹĽϵݹļͿʼ
СʮżֶֶܵŮתƣʱʱǺǳ⼸䣬ǲҪܡ
ĻտļȲӵģպˣٵݹȥĻӳԡ
ʱʱزһ
úտڸүһةͦġ
û뵽ӸĻӸ龹Ȼôãõӿ֮󻹻Ļӷ
Ҫû֪ˣ϶ܸ˵ġ
үʹˣտԶϻ𣬳⴮֮ͿʼȲ衣
ԣζ˵⵹δء
γԣ
ةɻؿүӡ
үڿտŷḻľ顣
̫ԭܳˮտʱ͸һһտǸˮӡ
ûлشة⣬˸ӡ

տɢȥ
ĽϻѾѾ
ѾѾļСֶֶŮ֡
Ӿֽ˲
ϽˣҪֺһ˵ʱ򣬿ȴֺļ֡
ĽϾֺ򵥵ġ
Ժͳ֮ԱƵĶ
ѾѾԱЩˣ°Ժһɹ̫һߴ˯
ȻҴææܽ
ѾѾ˵ӣͬˡ
ͬ
ѾѾˣһһ
ͬǼǰԺ˴ˣȥ顣
һתҪյ޷µꡣ
ˣ
û˵ʲô£
ѾѾƤʵ
ҡҡͷ
ûС
֪ˣ㽫ɡ
ѾѾ壬Ŷ㽫˴


643 

ĽȻڽѾѾļֶֶŮд֣۾䶼ʱ̹עѾѾߵ顣
ͬûмڸѾѾֿЩ꣬ѾѾἰˡ
Լһᡣ
Ľ϶СʮǼߵѾѾߡ
׼µʱѾѾߵӣһԵЩͻأĴ
ѾѾתͷȥĽϰˣתͷ
ĽϿϵĹӣץһѣһţţšϺܿһСѹ⣬ݹȥѾѾȳԵӰɡ
ѾѾץĽϵĹӷŵ
س
Сʮʮһӵ£͸ӵµķ϶ѾѾĽϡ
ʮһһĪؿСʮ㣬ΪʲôҪûϣΪʲôҪСùø壬ʲôÿģ
Сʮʮһ˸ꡱƣôСùǻġ
￴ûʲôСùÿ϶˵ǵѽ
㶮ʲôǿ˽ܵأ϶ǲСù֪ġ
Ҫ֪֮Ǿʲôˡ
ܿʲô
ʮһǾһͷˮ
ǿСøȻͦÿģǼÿ춼ܹҲûʲôÿİ
˵ǿţֲܳԣ岻ֵʱȥҵԵء
һȻ׶Ӷ
ֲüŸݣΪŸϲ顣
Сʮ̾̾ɵĵܵܣЩˣԴпҪСùԺ޸ô㿴ͦġ
ҪСùøˣͲõϹˡ
ʲô
ʮһ𾪵վ̫죬ײӣʹ۵شС
ѾѾĽɻ˹
СʮϽżؽСʮѹ£װд֡
ҪܺԵʮһʹԴ۾ӣҲװú
ڡ
ѾѾšüģСʮʮһ϶顣
ΪǵĹùãѾѾѾϰˣҲǡ
ĽϰĹӡ
Сʮһ
ʮһԴ֣ݺݵصˣˣûʹʲôޡ
˵ˣСӶƤʵͷӲײһײģкӵͷ͸ƤһӶûޣʲôޡ
ʮһֻǰĽ϶׽㡣
һ㶼֪
˵ͷͦӲģ˼£ھͲʹˣСʮӵ£С㣬ո˵ҪСùøףĻǺ
峤ôÿֺãôȢСùϹš
Ҽǵǰڴ˵Щ޲ȥϹŶʲôŮˣҪôǳóˣҪôˣҪôʹˣҪôǲӡ
Сʮĵؿʮһû˵˵ٴ˰˵ˣ㲻Ҫ̳ȥŰԣԼ͹ˣڻȥЩ߰ĶһûС
˼еĹͲףֻΪ˲׶ѣеı˶Ҫܶ࣬һǾ;ûм˵ıҪˡ
ڻ˵ľŮǿˡ
СùþŮǿˣҪȢСùãǶˡ
ùøжأ˵ίɶˡ
Ҹ˾ھһҪȢСùõӣǺ˳
Сùûû뷨
Сù뷨ү̻岮ҵǣǵĸǣܶͬ⡣
ʮһе£ɻؿڣҪܺòȢСù𣿡
û
ҪȥСùþܹ޳ȥˡ
Сʮ¶һӿɽ̵飬صͷԣҪȥ壬ҪСùÿ޳ȥ
Ҫô壿
Сһ￪ʼ˼
ѾѾҪȵˣΪһҵӣԹˣֱ壬ָãͬ
ͬûˣʱȥͬٳˣҲһЩٷۿЩ΢İݣ͸һЩƣ̬
ѾѾһֱйעͬһУȻ֪ЩرڰǸɻ
Ҳһֱûʲô顣
ƺľǸսսģһнˮܸĸ˵ĻԼ۱ȺܸߵĹ˶ѡ
ң
ͬѾѾ֮ȿڡ
ѾѾͷ̧üң˵ɣ⵽ʲô£
ضҵĻǸµһ޷һ鵽ģǵ޷֪ȴ֮ԽԽá
͵޷һһҪʮһ͡
˹ѣ·ѣ·סջѵҲĶ࣬㻨ڹµĹǮȥˣЩ̫㡭
Ϊ롭


644 Ȣ

֮ͬѾѾ˼ͬո˵Ļ
ĽϼѾѾӣõĹӽѾѾϣЦҾ鵹ǲھǰһ޷һĻʡºܶɱδһ¡
ѾѾҡҡͷҲ£⾩ǵӹ󣬵ҲҪĲܸʡǮء
Ȼɱôߣ϶ٴôԶĵط·˹ġ
Զͬ飬Ժԥؽˡ
ֻǣǵĵػǱȴӵĵع̫ˡ
Ľϣ㿴ҪͽŪСһİɣͿʡˡ
ĽЩΣѾѾԴ˵֮ǰ޷ξһ޷ɡ
ҾУ֤㻨һǮ
ģ
ѾѾ˫۷
ĲһӣֻҪӣѾѾ˲;ˡ

ھǿ޷ô
ΪĽϻӽģ飬ѾѾҲܲεȫĽȥˡ
ǡҲĽɣĽ϶Ҫһ顣
ҪŪɶġ
Ҫʲôϡ
ҪŪʲô״ҲҪһѾѾ
ѾѾÿ춼Ľһˡ
죬ĽϾͰѾѾԼȥ¥ͼֽ顣
ѾѾܻửͼֽѾѾļլоܿ
ѾѾʱСʮʮһҲŹˡ
µʱѾѾСһĽмġ
СһﲻԸ⣬ҪƵĽϱϡ
Ľš
СùãҸʮһͶ̫СˣԼչ˲ãԷʱǿ϶ǲչģֻչˡ
Сʮһ˵ţ˵껹ĽϾһ壬鷳չСùˣԺҲ鷳չСùˡ
ѾѾ
ⶼʲôʲô
ֲСӣΪʲôԸҪչˣ
˵ʲôԺҲĽչô˵úҪиĽһƵģ
ĽؿСʮʮһ˵֪ˣһչ˺ǵСùõġ
ѾѾ
ĽϹʲô֡
ĽϿѾѾѾѾЦЦ˵ͼֽɡ
š
˵£ѾѾҲͲȥƽϸոյ顣
Ĳóһ׼õͼֽ
޷ҴŪøϵһУ뱱һЩԺ󱱷޷ҴҲӾ˹ȥΪˣεҴŪôһЩҪǴС
ѡַǿӱߣڱѼӣѼҲб֤ˡ
ѾѾϲ䣬¥ڴ档
ǵӱǡ˶Ӹһѡ
ѾѾ黹Щ
ȥϸ֮ѾѾǹģܹݡ
˵ͦƯɸҽĵӣҪǲúΪƭҵҵǸҲǲԭģȢ
ʱھҲҵҸõȢˡ
Сʮ˶˵Ļسȥ˫ֲ˵ͻȢСùãһٱ


645 

Сʮ˶˵Ļسȥ˫ֲ˵ͻȢСùãһٱ
Ľ׼˵û뵽Сʮǰ濪ˣһ˵ôֱס
ֻܷǳһԵͷûһȢһȢΪ٣ֻҪԸ޸ңԸ⸶ҵһС
Ĺϲ˱ˣԣѾѾԸ޸𣿡
ĽһָѾѾ׵ķʽ
Ƕֻ˵ʱĵظѾѾԳ
Ψû뵽ѾѾ׻ôĳ档
ĽϵĻѾѾЩ¡
¹֮󣬻عЦ𣬻صͷá
ʵĽϵĸ׺񲢲ͻȻ꿪ʼĽЩһ
ʶѣеģԬʻĸо͸ĽϵĲһ
ĽһֱǶһ޶һ
һ޶Ȼ뵽ԺĽϹŵӡ

һֱص̫ҽңĽЦɵһ
ûȥ¥ȥĽˣһͻص̫ҽĽϡ
ĽһɵӵӣЩֹ
ˣãǲкܶ˲𣿸ϽʮʮĹֻҪ˲ΣڰĶҪ
ȺϼһҲǵģҪ˵ûó˲ΣҾ͵øһ˲ιȥϹǵ̡
ǰ˲Ϸǰֻ뷨Ӹβû˲ηѡ
̫ҽһۿĽϾͽסˡ
ĽϻعҡͷУЩ˲ζѾѾģҪĻȥѾѾ
ѽЩ˲βǰЩһۿȥֵİôͱɳأ
ֲǻᣬ㻹Դȥ˲Σ˲ε˰ôͱǳ˲أ˵СӸòǲ˲ΣȻƭҵİɣ
û뵽㾹ȻôûģΪ˸βϵ鶼ˣȥɽסˣǰ˸ǰ
̫ҽˣ˰ͱЩ¡
Ҳ
һָĽЩûû˵ġ
Ľϵ˵֮ЦøɵһĿڣЩҸѾѾļױ㶼ѾѾ˵㡣
̫ҽˡ
𾪵ؿĽ:ʲôҪʦˣ
̫ҽͷѧһʱҽѾԾؽѾѾʦ㡣
һֱӺĳƺˡ
Ľϵ˵ͷû
ԱûȻ
ֲԼӻЦøɵһԭΪӦˡ
ȥʦҪ˲Σʦ˺ã϶ҵġ
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ıӰǳ鴤һ¡
ܾ̫ҽʦǼʦܡ
Ȼ֪ԼʦǸٵҪˡ
˵ʮʮ˲εġ
һ˲ζҪġ
̫ҽˣĽҲע⵽ˡ
£
ӵĻūŰ鶼ˣʱԽ


646 

վĽ˵ӵĻ°鶼ˣʱԽ
ĽϵЦ˲ס
˫
˵졣
ǡ
ĽȻֻ˵֣ˡ
֮ӽΪ򣬶һС

Ѿ֪Ľϵļƻ̾Ҹ㣬෴ܺߡ
׸ؿġ
˶ΪǺү˼ǨȢ˱ˣǰĽҲô
ʵʵಢ
ʵĽϵĶǴ֮ʱȾˣǻȾϵĶǺһֱȺĶ
һٻʮꡣ
ɵʱڵĶֻٻѡ
үؿĽϳµģ˺ܶİ취˺ܶˣ˻ʹеҽ˶Ľڵĺ޲ߡ
ʱڵĺ˳ˡ
˵а취ԿסĽڵĶԡ

úүȢ޵Ȣ
֮˺顣
ȻӦ˿԰ĽϣȴֱӰĽϽϵĶúѹĽڵĶ
Ǻүڸ֪֮ġ
ҪǷֵ磬̫ҽʱĽϿסԣĽѾˡ
үҲǸŮ˵ϡ

Ľ϶˵̫൱¡
ѾĽϸѾѾ׵飬ûôأܸĽЦ
˵ѾѾͼˣ㿴ʲôʱȥռ׵ĺã
ĽҪѾѾһ飬Ǿ˫˫ͬġ
Һ޲ϾͽѾѾȢؼ
ĽֿʼɵЦӦȰƸ׼ã˹ȥס
ţҲȥ׼ˣ˶ѾѾЩ·ЬС
Ľ϶ҪˣǺ򸮿϶Ҫġ
ĽȢϱҲǺүĶϱҪںؽѾѾȢ
ĽϸѾѾ׵Ҳռҡ
ռүӣ壬һٴеӡ
϶ǸƢģӣУѾѾʮ꣬Ǹأ˵Ǽֲôͳס
Ҿ˵ˣĽС֮ǰôôˣԭڴѾѾ⡣
Ǵ÷ԸˣǸСٵˡ
ҪǸϹҾʹȥȥ
ԣԺ󶼲ǸĻļһˣҪǸҾʹŴǼȥߣʡΪǼѾѾûҪģС˵ȢȢġ
˵ѾѾԺͱˡ
ԺڼǼĳһӡ
Ҳòᣬ޲ȥͬ϶Ļ
үԼİ׺ӣ˵ţԺˡ
̫ҽ˼ҪѾѾ׼ЩʲôױĽϻ֪һȺ˼ҪֹѾѾһ


647 ϵİ

ү۵ʱѾѾѾϵ˽ӵʹˡ
ѾѾ˾֮󣬽ʹĴָ
»ϸ̫󶼺ϲؽʹ
ֻѾѾ˶Իʹû̫ĺøС
ԭܼ򵥣ǻʹĹ̫ˣһ㶼ˡ
ѾѾ̫޹
ϸ̫
һȥ̫ϾеЦݣ֣Ѿͷߡ
̫ŮǰԳưңѾѾ⣬ֻ뵱һ̶ͨѡ
̣ɵѾѾغˡ
ߵ̫ߣͱ̫£̫
ѾͷҪ˴ּǲǶǻɵˡ
ɵԩⲻæҪæžˣҪæſģҾæٹġ
ѾѾڴദһʱ䣬ȻҪȥֻϻĵġ
˵˼֮󣬻ϹȻЦˡ
ˣѾͷҲ˵ƭˣκЩҪ˵ġ
̫ѾѾֱ˵ûκ˵Щµġ
˵ҲһʱˣһȻҸϿԳ㣬ЩҲҪġ

գѾѾڻʼŮԺ档
ϸ˵¡
ߵĻСʮСùãʲô
ѧǡ
ϸ̫˵ˣݰ⣬Ժ󲻿ҲʲôģҲ̫ƫģ±˻˵л
ֻĹǺŹСһʼŮԺѧˡ
ȻûرϸŮʲôģǹǸѰϰղñӵʱҪӵġ
Ϊ˾һרŵŮԺ
Сʮ֮ǰǸʮһһԺϸ̫֪֮󣬾ͽСʮҲŸѾѾһ鵽ʼŮԺˡ
Сʮö˶˵ΪʲôҪѧǣֲǹ
ǼԱҲиͲСᶼҪڼѧǣ˵ѧǿˡ
ѾѾԴƮƮӦǹ
СʮѾѾǱ۵ģ
ʼŮԺһյԺһΡ
ѾѾСʮʱԺһΡ
ζһõȵ֮
Ԭǵ֪Ϣ֮󣬶Щơ
Ҳû취
Ժǰ˻ʼ֣ѧ඼ǹ󳼵ŮԺĵȻǼߵġ
Ժװúݡ
һţӳľ·Եĸ޶ĿĻ䡣
ĵ¼ɫġ
ֻҪǸŮĿ֮󣬶Ļŭš
ոջЩƵСʮ֮鶼˲١
ʻ·߹ȥһλŮڵѾѾǡ
Ǵһ档
ϿˣһȺ޳еĹѧϰ赸
Ұһ¡
ŮѾѾǽȥ֮ƣһ䡣
˶ʼͣѾѾСʮ
ҪڴѾѾ
ΪѾѾϴɴЩ֡
ѾѾ˵оʮ
ʮڻʹ˵ѾѾ顣
šüġ
ô
ôˣʶʮԱⷲıҶ㣬ʮ
ʮЦһ£Ȼʶ
ôܲʶ
һ棬û˵ĴãȻΪʵĸŮҸʸ̫ô谮
ĸ˵ˣʶԳϲѾ˶Ůĳ谮


648 

ĸ˵ˣʶԳϲѾ˶Ůĳ谮
ʮѾѾһЩ⡣
λǻ׷ĳСֶŮӽ쿪ʼͻһѧϰˣϣܹദ졣
ѾѾСʮŮѾѾ֮ͰѾѾСʮվм䡣
ʼŮѧԺѧ⣬Ҳѧ黭ѧ裬ŮҲѧϰ֮һ
˵ֻҪŮйصģʵĶѧϰķ롣
ѾѾǹʱҾϰ赸ȵŮ֮󣬴ҵĿλҪ
չﶼǸչģȻǱվڱϿɡ
̴˵
˵꽫ѾѾСʮŵվš
ʮȻ֣˵֪Ҹ˵ˣܵģֵú⣬ܸ裬ѵó迴ɣҲǴѧϰѧϰ
ܸ裿
СʮΪԼˣؿѾѾ
ô֪Сùܸģ
ԣСùܸ裬ҳû
ҲģСùó䲢Ǵˡ
СùãҪ𣿡
СʮؿѾѾ
ѾѾȥʹĴ࣬ڶڻЩҲô˽⡣
ζʮûʲôӡ
ʮϲ
ǡãҲϲϲˡ
ѾѾСʮԴЦҡҡͷˣҵݵģҲ뿴ұ
ѾѾ˵λĴҲҲ衣
ҾڱϿˣҪúõĻ˵ܴһЩӵŶϾͦó׬ӵġ
˵ǲǣ
һ仰ѾѾǶʮ˵ģƵЦݡ
ӣ㲻ǲϲµȻ⹫ˣ鷳ġ
һһɻѾѾ
ϵͳѾԵԽԽûˡ
ѾѾܰһ顣
Ҳʣû¾ͻ汦һѾѾĹˡ
ѾѾ΢Ӧǲϲ£Ҳɱ۸İ
ʮڵͷˣұ֤һᵱһܺõĹڵġ
ҪúҾϧҪòãҲͬ᲻ģϾҲǹǻĿǰ谮ĹҲûҪǣ
㡭
ʮûѾѾôֱӵ˵ĻָµָѾѾ
ɶƾʲôҪ󱾹㿴ֲյġ
ʮǽ輧ˣһܷŹ
ϻܹ裡
ʮǹҲǹ
֮ԵԣҲҲ֡
ǡ¿εʱһ
˵Ϣһɣǵٵġ

Ͽεʱ䰲Ÿ֮ǰѧõʱ䰲Ųࡣ
һڿβʱң֮Ϣӡ
ٿʼһڿΡ
֮󣬿ʣʮѾѾǡ
һֻʮѾѾ
Ҳζž˵ݵλߡ
һĹһǻϺĹҾ˵ڳΪ֮ǰһĴá
Ҹȥͽ˭Ϳ֪ˡ
ʮ˲վˡ
ԵѾѾСʮƵһ
ÿѧԼӡ
ղ裬Ӷƿˣ˻
ԭӦûλѧģΪ׵Ĺ;Щ⣬ѧˡ
þͿλ
ոոմѾѾǽŮ˼λѾѾСʮġ
ڣλ϶˶
Щ·Ь֮Ķ
һڿεϾҪˣѾѾСʮȻλȥá
ߵû˵λǰ棬Ķߡ
Ҷ˵:ιڸʲôЩʮĶǹصúܵģҪ͵𣿡
ĹҲ߹ѾѾСʮǰߣþһò˿ˣ˼ܵԺۣǲҪ
ȰǻǸϽ뿪ѧԺ
ҲˣǿûǵΣҪľ͸Ͻ߿
Сʮӳʼͺܺãȥ˴ѧ飬Ҳܺг
ȥ۸˭ԼӲܱ۸ġ
ʱ۽ˡ
ԭЩҵС㶼ô֣ôϲ۸˵
СùãҪô죿ҪǾͻؼȥɣһ㶼ѧԺѧϰˣһ㶼棬Ⱥ˶ó󡣡
˵
ģòġ
ǰЩ鶼ˣǵòҲˡ
ѾѾСʮԴͷţͦģǾͱǾС
ǼϲӾǣȥġ

Сʮɻ󣬾ͿѾѾߵʮǰ


649 书


Сʮɻ󣬾ͿѾѾߵʮǰ
ʮӣĵ˵ߡ
ʮͷһɫɲǼףһ------
εڵϡ
ʮŵҶ㣬ŵϵߣɫҲûÿ١
ȻûεҲһʱ˱ᡣ
ͻȻֵߣһŵ˶Щæˡ
ܿͿճ˺ܶӳ
ѾѾСʮֻˡ
ξ͹ˡ
ֻγ
СʮĿɿڴķӦ֮£˵°ɡ
СʮˣضѾѾ˴ĴָСùã̫ˣ
Сùãôߣ
Сʮڴʱ;ż絽ɽܣߵģҲͲˡ
ѾѾЦЦû˵
ɲСʮϵͳ̳һġ
ҳѾѾСʮλ⣬˶µܳ档
źʮĹŮ¹󣬻ҧʮ˳ȥ
ȵһڿεʱ򣬾ֻѾѾСʮϵġ
һڿεɲͨˣҲһλʮĽ㣬ʮηˡ

֮󿴵ûˣüͷ
ֿվŵһȺˣ˵˿֮󣬴ӵϼʯͷߵ档
ѾѾСʮڿŵʱ΢΢һ˲
漴׼˵еߣתʯͷȥ
һǡôߴλãһŴʱͷ­ϡ
֮䣬òˣҲ͸͸ˡ
ۣλƯĽ
Сʮùơ
ѾѾüɫؽ߼ɻʱ˵ȻС˵㣬Ҳ⣬˷ˡ
ô˵Ҳûִϵͳ̳ڶһġ
˵ĻҲ̫˷ˡ
ȻҪֵեȡߵʣֵС
ֱ֮¹
Եðˡ
ƽʱٻػʹĹһһģڳ֮󣬾͸ڵȥˣһ˳ְ˽˵ĹڻعĴͱø١
ûпѾѾҲû˵ѾѾ¼
ѾѾĻǳ鴤һ£ǣǿص˵ͷ
֮߳棬Ĺ˵ҹϿΣһģ߾³˼Сء
˵ССʮ˵ʱ򻹿һСʮ
ʮǱһ£ĵ˹ȥܿѹ
һѹ֮󣬿ռλõѾѾŭָʽ㣬һҪϹҵģֶŮҵλӣѧԺԺϽϳѧԺȥ
ʼŮѧԺǰſģԺ
ѾѾԺ֮ǰ˵ѧԺ飬̧һЦݣʽãǸʵĸŮԽҳҸϲѾѾ
ʵĸŮ
ѾѾ˵֮ûʲôӡ󣬲ͦϡѾѾЦݵġ
˵ţӭǵѧԺԺҪʲôģʮʽ㣬ѧԺôãܲǰ״ģҪϽ㣬͸˵Ұѵ
ʮ:
ˣǻſվŸʲôϽ£ʮҶ㣬Լλ֮ǰÿǾԼȱ󣬾Ͳǰɣ
Ҫǻȱˡ

ĿǽһڿΣ֮ѾѾСʮͱѧԺǰŵի
ѧԺȱӣѧԺĽ跽涼ôôġ
իὨñһ˵լҪúܶࡣ
ͨԺիǼһ䣬ĸһԺӡ
ΪѧԺãô๫ģֻҪ㹻ӵˣὫŮ͵ѧԺ
˶ˣիʵҲǺܹ֡
ի˶ˡ
ҲʣʮҶի˻䡣
ѾѾСʮͱֵǵԺ档
ѾѾСʮûʹѾߵϰߣסʱ߶ûѾ߸š
ߣ
ʮ˫ֻأѾѾЦ
ĴŻĲܾţþǴãǱʷΪˣҲǸöѣȻᵽѾ߶ûС
ҲԣǱͳѾһҪ߻Ѿ߸ţ˵˾ҪΪǲѾˡ
ϾǵѾ߿ǱһĴҪǿˡ
ɲҪǼֵ΢õ㣬ҲʲôҪľѾߵʸûС
Ҽǿ϶ҪôѾߵġ
ʮҶһһ͡
ѾѾ·ʲôû˵һ㣬Сʮͦصؽȥʰ䡣
ʮԺ˶š
Сʮͻ̫СԼû̴ѾѾڰѾѾɹĹŮҲڰ
ŮɸѾѾ˵ϾѾѾǹֻøСʮ졣


650 

ŮҸѾѾ˵ֻһԸСʮ졣
Сʮùôʮģ
ǸѧԺ֪ѧԺʮǾ鷳ˡ
СʮһѾѾ̴ˣĵʵΪʲôô˵
СŮ˵̫֣СʮһЩһ㣬֮СʮĶ˵ʮرؼǳ֮ǰ˲Сײһ£ͰŪѧԺȥˣ˵ĵٶɣ˵һڻϳˡ
Щ¶˽ѧԺﴫˡ
Ҳʲôܡ
Сʮ𾪵صɴ۾
ʮû
ǰҲܻˣǶûʮôģȻñ˵ٶɣûھǴȥ
꣡СŮæСʮһơ
кܶʮˣ˵ҪСһЩùҲǸѧԺʮԹܻǺģҪܺúõظʮ˵û˵ʮͻԭˣ㿴ҪҪȰȰСùá
Ȼ˵ҼʮĽ㣬ʮҲҼƽﶼ̫æˣѵòŻһѧԺҪչǣҲǺܷġ
ûǰȡʮԭ±ȽϺá
Сʮ飬ǹ˵ʲôء
ѾѾæ꣬СʮСŮڵ˵һ
СʮæӦûʲôڸҽء
СʮǺӣѾѾָܰʲôæҲͲˡ
ɼǹæģԼ˵Ķ˵òˣСʮǵøСù˵˵Ҫʮԭµģ;ȥԭǣǧΪˡ
Сʮ˵£СùҲǺܼǳˣСùֶαʲôʮСùҲǹҲŲ
ĹŮȻһٽʹҲôȥ顣
֪顣
ΪķҲǻϿѾѾһĹϷģĹ໹Ǻܴġ
СʮĻ̾ҡҡͷյǣԾ˽̫ˣ㻹̫ˡ
֮ҵ׼ûġ
úøСù˵˵;ͣʮ˵ʲôǾʲôͺˣʵǲУҾ͹ɡ
Ҽҹھǵģܰϵæ
ҾҼҹͦϲСùõģȻҲͲٸһ°ɣҪֺʮʵҲͦ򵥵ġ
ʮȻ裬һرİãϲ书ǿˡ
ǼҹΪ书ǿˣʮŻôĻ
Ҳֻ˲ܹסʮˡ
Ҫҵһ书Ҽҹߵ˻˵ʮȥֺǡ
Сʮ̧飬üģͦý
̾̾
Ȼ̫ˡ

ʹĽϸ˻ص֮󣬵һνʹ
ϵ֪Ϣ֮æ鷿ڵˣ޵ֱȥ
Ľϸ˾վڻϵ޵档
ϵʱϱʪ۽ǡ
֡
Ƕ˺ܾãź
Ҳܼ谮ã֮޻̸
ֱ֮Ҳ֪Ϊʲô£Զˡ
ܾöûкһˡ
һΥ˵Ļ֣ϵۿ΢΢죬ſ˫ۡ
ϣϱס
֮ڻϵ޵֮ڣ˵¡
Щ϶ҵĶ
˽һıӵݹȥϡ
ϿһĽϣӹطһҳһۣɫȻ䡣
ֿٵط˼ҳ
дǾȻ֮£
Լһʱ󣬻ϡ

뿪ʹĽûиһȥ̫ҽĸϣȥһլӡ
⴦լӲھǵģ෴ٽ
լӺܴܴ˵Ǹլӣ˵ɽׯ
լһƬ͵أһСɽ
ȻʹҪϲ١
Ľߡ
ӣǾܶˣס𣿡
ǰɽׯĽΪѾѾ׼ģ˳֮ס
ϲ޾ĵط
Ŷ
Լϲס򸮵ġ
˵ʲôʲô
Ҳʲô˶ھŪһôɽׯġ

ѧԺѾѾСʮսԼķʰãСʮķԵġ
ʮѰ˹
Ҫһ𣿡
ѾѾϵĵ˹ȥ
ǴӼġ
ߣôĶҲʮԣҪǳԻ˹Ķӣܸ𣿡
ҶĻѾѾŶһˡ
Ѷ˻
ʮҲ⣬˵Ҷˡ


651 𾪵ʮһ

ʮҲ⣬˵Ҷˣֻģˣһɶ͵ġ
ʮ˵ֱͦӣȫ»һ㡣
СʮˣСͽñ˵ĶԼЩ͵ˡ
ھȻ˵С͵ˣʱͣ˵˵ԩˣҸСùòû͵㶫Ƕûȥķ䡣
ʮЦС͵ͨԼС͵ġ
㡭
Сʮʮըˣ֣߶µָʮ
ȻȥѾѾֱۣѾѾѾѾѵʮ
ѾѾСԴ˵û£ûмϰߣôġ
ԣֲϲô
СʮصͷѾѾĻ
ʮɫ䣬ѾѾ˵ʲô⻰ʲô˼˭Ķˣҿǲ
ѾѾСʮ£ʮǸ˵˼Ҹող˵ĶֻڸֶŮ˵Ҫ㿴ˣôܻ͵Ķˣ㶪Ķʲô
⻰ȸղŵĻҪ֡
ոջ˵ʮĶֱ˵ʮĶˡ
ʮɫ࣬ѾѾ˵ҾͰ˺á
û˵ѽڸ˵ء
ѾѾ޹ҧ촽ѵʮֻ˵˶˵𣿡
㡭
ʮҶƤӵĻʮ˵ѾѾġ
ʮ·
ʮӦʶԼܱѾѾǣűˣ˵Ҷһ觵ĶǶ춼ڵģ֮󶪵ģǣ벻˭õˣϾҪõĻ֮ǰˣҲȵʱá
觶մģרŶƵģ˾Ǯ򲻵֮ǰũ棬϶ûмĺöǼ˻Ҫ߾ΪҲģʮİһԶҪڰѶóˣʮҲԭǵġ
ҶʮĴһڱϽʮû˵Ļ˵
մȥſھǵһƷӣƷӱǴҼûмĿɫտţܻӭ
˲ͻˡ
һˣһ
ﻹרŵʦΪͻһ޶Ʒ
ǵĹŮǶԵõһմרŶƵƷΪ١
մ󸣼֣Сʮ˵ҡ
ѾѾҡҡͷСʮϱ͡
˵մ󸣵觶𣿡
ѾѾͳһСɰ
ɰĳĶ
ֶ𣿡
ɰص߰˶觶ÿһʽǲһġ
涼ͳһһ֣մ󸣵ı־
ÿһʽǾЩŮĿʽ
Ҷ㿴ϵЩ觶˲۾ˣܿ˫Ⱦ˼ʡ
ʮŵضЩ觶
ѾѾüЦЦؿǣҪҵĶ𣿡
ʮֽճȭͷߡ
ѾѾóôմ󸣵觶͵ĶҲﲻˡ
˶š
˿Ц
ˡ
СʮſϿϵ觶һԣǾɵģԼĶϣתתѾѾСùãÿ𣿡
ţܺÿ
ѾѾʣµĶ
ǶԾСʮˡ
ҶʮߣЩʵʮ˵ôôأ
ʮ룬ҲǸ͸İɣ˵ʺܳ谮𣿡
ԣ϶ǻ͸ģȻĻôŪôմ󸣵Ķ
մҲ֪˭ģӶģʮȥҲҪŶӲ򵽡
οֻһٵĹմ󸣵˸ܸˣҲֻлȥǲſˡ
ʮˡ
ʶĳ谮ˡ
Ȼøȥôմ󸣵Ķ
һ׵طŹȻԽԽݵģҲᱻƭ˵ġ
˵Ҳ֪Ӧô졣
ʮȻӿ˽ŲҶ㶼׷ˡ

鲻ãѧԺ棬ֱӾʹŹŮҶ߳ѧԺ
ȥĴϡ
ʮǹѧԺҲסҪȥֻܷȥˡ
ʱҲˣԺҲѾ¿Ρ
ԺܶסԺԺѧ֮󣬶ص
ؼҵ·ϴӴϾĻҲһԼڽЩԵĶĶ
ʮһѧ֮󣬸Ľһؼңؼҵ·Ҫʮߵϡ


652 ʦ

ʮһĽһȥʱ򣬸ʮҶͬһϡ
֮ǰȶ֮󣬽ϵض
ָҲˡ
Ϻ֡
ռȻкܶóԵĶʮһСһ
ϲԣһĶĸо
ʱҲ⡣
ĽƸ磬ǹȥǱ߿ܶŶӣ϶кܶóԵĶ
ʮһĽܵһۼ˲Ⱥ̯λǰ档
߹·ҪǴĶӼţصعһʵӼݣҪδˣһξͲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ˿
ʮһ˫˲һӼҮĽƸ磬ǿȥһûпӼأֻҾŸĻ濴
˵ӼкܶĿܺÿȤġ
ĽҲûӼݣҲûʮһ̫࣬ҲڶԺܶ鶼͡
ҲӼݸȤˡ
ʮһߺܶ࣬ʮһǰСĵػʮһȺǰ档
ǽȥʱӼŵڱ衣
ҲСŪ衱򡰷衱Ӽ׽ŪһϷ
߿ٵְɸ׽ӣһ֣ڿС
ʱ׽
ΧĹϡ
ʮһ֮Ҳƴعơ
̫ˣǺǿ
ԼúõĶʮһǲڿ佱ġ
ţȷʵܲ
ܿ죬ݽ뵽һڡ
һĿǶ롣
һʮһ˲Сͷһ롣
һ棬һݽ𼦶һݱԪһݵȼɶ
ÿζ˾ͷϵҪˣȵضͷϡ
·ͷѾһһ㡣
ڴΪ붥ѾСļʱȻ˸ӸѶȵĶ
ֶ롢롢ݶ롢Ͷȶʽ
ôҴҴһ£·յضһ
һ
ʮҶ˹
ܿҲǰӼŵıݸס
ÿÿ˭̯ģϽȵȣ׬ó
ڴҿͶʱ򣬺Ȼмɷˣֱһֱ۴ֵľ˹
ӼŵĶôʱʱ˵ϡ
ʮһرˣʱüͷЩˡ
ϧˣ߰߰ɣҲϽ߰ɣǱߴͷǸû˵ĴϳĶԣû˸ҵǵġ
ֵǾǵֵֻϰСֵеһ
ٻʲôٹ˹
һҷ˵Ĵסˡ
ϳҷ˴˶½½ɢȥˣֻһЩ֪ûзӦߵһЩ
ʮһĽƱȰȥ
ĽƲûߣֻǿʮһ
ݣҲҪȥһҷ˵Ĵ
ʮһӦҲµġ
ֻʶؿʮһԸԸߡ
ĽƸ磬ǲߡ
ʮһˣò׿ԿһӼݣȻ
˫ֲصǼԡ
ĽƵͷվʮһǰ棬ЩҪǹĻܱʮһ
˳ǽӼŵ˼ݡ
ҶϳҶˣԼĴ磬öҪʮ뿪
ʮƽʱݵ˾ҲһҪġ
Щ˲׵ؾ͹ˣһЩӣʮһҪ
һ˦Ҷ֣ߣҪ˭ô󣬾ȻڱǰΪ֮¡
˵ĴӼŵĶˣոЩݵӵƬɢڵϡ
עڸոձݵСѾͷϱŵǮϡ
ӸңҪҶ֣򡭡
СرǮӣϸ㣬㲻Ҫǵӣȥ׿ӣˣûЩӵĻûԸ׿׻ˡ
ߣֲףʲô¡
˵ĴǿǮӣȻɫˣ۾ͷȥ쵽Сϣգ˵ɫķϣҿԴ󷢴ȱҵůѾͷҪֵúãһӵġ
ˣȥ
ҪҪҲȥ
СĺУЩѾҪץ
ס֣ʱʮһƿĽ˹ȥ̧ţ׼ȷʮϣߵڵء
ûһϻɴֿ࣬ȭģƾСС壬ʣ߰˸ȫ򷭣󣬺վСǰոŪϵӼ
ʮĿɿڴС


653 ʦǸ

ʮһûһϻɴֿ࣬ȭģƾСС壬ʣ߰˸ȫ򷭣󣬺վСǰոŪϵӼ
㡣
лл
վСǰʮһʮĿɿڴС
ǿԼˣл˹ҾͰǡ
ʮһڻڴҪӼݵġ
Ǽʮһſڵϵˣŵü̼Զˡ
ӼŵԼӵĶֿʮһûӡ
Ϊ˱ʾʮһĸлּʼݡ
ʮҲڿݣҲȫڿݣſţʱʱؾͻῴʮһ
㣬ʶǸС𣿡
Ҷ㿴ʮһҡҡͷʶûھǼ
ҲƽʱæѼٹ˵ϢȻŷȥֺǡ
Ҫ֮ǰʮһˣӦûʶġ
˽ʮ֪ʮ϶ǿʮ书ˣ˵λСģ书˵ãҲĳλʦĶҲ˵ҪǰȥСӴк
Ǿܽʶʦˡ
ҶĻʮģʮͷ
ȵӼݽ֮͹ȥʮһ˵书顣
ϣʽԼʦѧһ书ǼȲԸҲԸʦ
ΪǸʦʽү
ļָӲ˵ˡ
ǵĸһȻϴҶãʵϱİ˻硣
ҲΪǸŮģڻʹûʲôִѵػôȻǸеģǸӣͱʹӣֵǸŪˡ
ӼŵĶܶ඼һˣЩĿûУֻ˼ôҪߵı꣬˽ıݡ
ʮһ˵Сܹʮһ˵һллʮһܵܡ
֮󣬾͸ż뿪ˡ
ʮһת׼ĽƻؼңȻ洫ʮһӣ
ɻͣ½ŲתͷȥŻʳڵﳯ߹
ĽҲһ鳯ʮȥ
ʮʮһֻˣæСǰ˵ʮһӣãʮҸոտ˻ʹĹеҪ㡣
ʮ
ǲ͸СùҽԺǹˣ
СùҽԺͬΪˣʮһ˲еøˡ
Ȼǽ㣬ȥǱߵһߺ̲һòã
ʮһָŽֱߵһ̲ӡ
¿ġ
ʮһƽʱڼھ¥ûٺ̲裬ѾȵеˣҪֻĽˣ϶ȥ̲ӵġ
⻹һʮ
̲Ȼ̸õĵط
治̲軹һЩСԣ߳Աģ̸ܹЩ
ʮϲ̲裬ĻҲ࣬ȵ٣͸ʮһһļϣȥ̲档
̲¿ģ¿˺̲ܶӣÿһ̲档
ڵȻҲ̲档
̲Ҳʶʮһ
ǽʮһͨĿˣĶ֮󣬾ͻȥдĿˡ
˵ɣҪ˵ʲô
ʮһű̲裬һڣͷЩĵؿʮ
иСùãĿȾ֮£ҲѧѾѾ״²硣
ʮƶʮһ϶иʦʦ
֪ǹʱ򣬻ôŲæġ
ʮֱӿڣģոտ书ܲһ㣬ʦ˭ģܸܲܽʶʶ
ʮһһʮŶʦǲ˵ʦݣٽͽˣͲǸ
ֱɢ֮ˣ֮ǰڻϵҪ֮ڴѾѾ书һ̾ͽôꡣ
ѾѾˣҲ͵
ʮ̾Ϣһ£˵ǾͿϧˡ
Ҳûǿ
书ǿ˶еģҪͼˣǾͲˡ
һᣬı뷨ʮһܰΪʦ𣿡
ʮһ书ڼֵ֮ܽʵ̫á
һȻҪΪʦʱͼˣͷ

ֿ֮ʮһظĽ˵Ȼҵ书õģǵһͽܵġ
СùöûͽܣѾͽˣҵͽܻǸ
ʮҲܵ⣬һ书ʦˣҺܿͻúˡ
ȵҰʦ书ѧˣһҪȥúõؽѵѾͷ
ԣȵ书úʱ򣬳ͻ¹ˣʱ͵ⲻˡ
صѧԺʱ⵽ѾѾķתһȦ


654 Ҫʦú

ԣȵ书úʱ򣬳ͻ¹ˣʱ͵ⲻˡ
ҶĻܺʮ⣬ȥʱ򣬻⵽ѾѾķתһȦ
ѾѾѧԺҲûԺָСʮ
СʮСôܵһ鳤󣬾ǸСӣ̫ⰲشŻ
ҧ촽ίͰ͵ؿѾѾ˵Сùãѧ书ϴǸҶûѧᡣҴӦܵǣѧ˾ͻȥġ
ʮԺʱһ䡣
мƲƲǡ
Щ˰ҲԼʲôˣȻҲǹһѧ书һͨׯ˼ҳˣΪʦԸ𣿡
ҶڿʮıʱϾͿʼԳ
ʮع˹ǡ
˵Ҫô˵Ͼÿ˶εȨģҲƽ׵ؾͰ˱˵Ȩǲǣ
˵ǰɣ
ǸʵĸŮķϣȵҸˣ˵ܽʦʶ
ʦȻС书Ǻ˵õġ
ʮԼҵһԽѾѾ顣
õúܡ
Сʮֵؿʮ˵ʲôҪСùý书ֲСùҪѧ书СùòŲҪʲôʦʶ
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ʮɴҲҶˣԼһ˼ӿŲ˹ȥ
Ҷعæ׷ȥ
ôѡû
Ľϸոչʱ򿴵ƹѾ߿ˣΪѾѾѾѡһƷ
ѾѾûش𣬾ͿʮҶڵ߹
ܣôŮһϽֿһЩñܻ
ôǹùõĶӣ㲻˼ԼҲùһ¡
ʮһ͵ѾѾĽм䣬ѾѾŵĻ˹
⻨ͦÿ͵͸ˣܣллˡ
ʮڻͷ˼¡
ĽɫЩ䣬ǻšüġ
ĶǺûѾѾñһֱ͸ѾѾĶﲻ
⻨Ѿˣȥӵ
һֱѾѾĽߣֻһֱû¶
Ľϻ֮մ˽
һʮҲ˵ϵĻתõ棬ϲ˺üţɻڣ˽ɨһ¡


660 ҽʦøʶ

һʮҲ˵ϵĻתõ棬ϲ˺üţȵرݡ
һָоǣϵĲǻɱˡ
ɻ֮󣬿ڣ˽ɨһ¡
ѾѾǸܼӡ
뼸ʮһĻộˡ
ʮӦ֮æ˵ܣͨˣ̫ˡ
Ҳ⻨֮ͱŪǰɣҲá
ԱãöŪ˵Ļܰѱָˡ
ʮĽԽԽˡ
ȻΪɽϴ̫ʱ䣬Щ㱻ƭˣҲûҩɾȵʱ
ƣⲻѹ
ؿѾѾ˰ɣұܶĶˣ㻹ϽұԶһ㣿
ҲˮվӣԼʲôӣΪΪŮ㵱ܳΪ
Ȼұһ𣬼ֱΡ
ܣűܸˡ
ʦÿˣʦ˵ˣʦҲûжף£ʦͬˣҾͻȥøʸǴͻ顣
˵ǱȽϿŵġ
ǽ꾭÷ٷչ֮˵˼Ҳ˲١
˵Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣǰҪ׵ڳ֮ǰܼ档
ڴҵ˼Ѿͨˡ
һӵ飬ҪڳǰҲνֻҪ˷׵ɡ
Ҷɫ˳һʮһ˿һ
εúܺã˵˵黹̫أûʦã˵ĸˣⱲӶû׵ģҪïïȻ˵׵飬ܾͻ᲻ˣӰӡġ
Ҫ˲Ըʦ书͵òʧˣ
˵Ҳе
ʮһ뵽Լɴһ¡
Ҷ
æĽϸĿڣʦõ飬Ժ˵ȼʦˣ˼Ҫ㣬ٴȥ
֮ǰҲҪô࣬ǵֶûһƲء
ʮ˵꣬ſѾѾҲ˰ɣûʲôˣҲûӣͲҪˡ
Ҫ㻹մ͵Ȱ붼Ҫˣأ϶óѵġ
ǰ͵Ķûһܿڸǰ˵ûĻ⹫Ҳͷ
ĽϸѾѾһʮ
ﶼдͬʡ
ʮ˵ʲô
˵ֲÿ
һ飬ȫ֪˵ʲô


661  Тʦõ

մ󸣵ƹֶһ̹
ŵմһµĲƷеûС
մ󸣸ӲһӶҪ֪ʲôƷҪ֪³ʲô
մ󸣲һ
մרŪһƷӡ
ﲻѾƳĲƷмҪƳĲƷ
뻭ʦڲ֮ϡ
մ󸣵ĻʦҲ֪ʲôʦ
Ķ͸һԣӦǻĶĻҪƯ
ʮЩӶûطʹˣÿڴõմ󸣵ĲƷӡ
žȲܵմȥԤƳ²Ʒ
ÿһ˶մ󸣼ҪƳ²Ʒ䡣
ʮҶһ۾ϳĶ
ЩǽҪմȥġ
ʮҪТԼʦõĶ
ƹģЩҶˡ
ʮ˲ȥĽˣֱӾ˵ЩҰҪӣ
ѾƱĶ
մ󸣵ƹ񾭳ӴЩ˼ңȻϵʮġ
һѾѾЩΪѵ˵ʮ⡭
ѾѾƹĻ˵û£ɡ
ӵ£˵ǱĽϵҪһЩġ
ʮءߡһԼûЩװôУøһΪͻлˣǲܵġ
ѾѾ
ЩɸɵǲиŮ
Щ¡
顣
Ľ϶ѾѾ˽ģȻ׬ӡ
ȥģ
š
ѾѾͷ
մƷ˻ûƳЩûзųҪƹȥó⣬Ķڷڹ̨ϣ˭˶ܿġ
ѾѾʹĽȥƷˡ
ʮüͷҪ˵ʲô
ҪƷȥТʦãҲûʱ׷ȥ
ҶǺ׷ȥʮҲûɡ
ֻҧ촽ĵؿĽϸѾѾˡ

ѾѾմʮ۸񲻷ƵƷָ֮Ľȥ·
·ĵȻѾѾġ
ֵõ˶׬ӣѾѾǺܸ˵ġ
ռſڸĽϷֱʱϵЦⶼûȥ
һռҵĴţʮһ˹
һľӣӺܾ£Һ죬Ȼմ󸣵ĺӡ
ѾѾ˵СùãǱҰæ͸Ķ
ʮһڻʱ򹫲ԼѾͽܵ顣
áˡͽܡ
ѾѾɻ󣬿ɶѸٵؽӹӣ򿪡


662 ߹ս

ѾѾɻ󣬿ɶѸٵؽӹӣ򿪣ӳͬǼϤĶ
ΪЩͼĲžϤڲ֮ǰżЩ
մ󸣵ƹЩʮ
Ľ뿪մ󸣵ʱʮѾӣƹװõƷ뿪ˡ
մ󸣵ƷеʱѾѾȻֻһ˺ܶġ
ǻûƷеڣûĻƹǲǰȥġ
ЩֻһܣǾǣЩʮЩ
ʶʮ
ѾѾɺܳʵؽ
ʮһѾѾ֪ͽܵ飬æҡͷʶʮʲôˣҲǸСùһǹҲǻϵĸŮ𣿡
ѾѾʮһһᣬ˵ѵӣЩ˭ģ
ʮһͷڻ䣬°ͣһѾߴˣ˵͵ģΪСùʶġ
Сùãʶ˭󰡣ǶǹҪ㻹ã
ʮһһ汦һ׷ѾѾѯʡ
ѾѾۿʮһʲôʲҲ
ȻʮҪ͸ʦõĶô͵ˣҲİõؽЩ
ĶҪĻǾǲˡ
ѾѾԼǺ˵ġ
գѾѾִСʮصѧԺ
ΪǰһʮĶѾѾʮʱ򣬻ЦЦ
ʮѾѾЦԽص⣬ΪѾѾʶԼֺ
̧һߣһ¡
߰òС
֡
컹͸
ѵں
֡
ôණˣ϶ȡЦİ
ɼȻںߣǾɡ
ҲǺϲ򽻵
ѾѾһһ˵
һһԽԽĬˡ
ΪѾѾҪѧԺѧϰûʲô顣
ֱϵͳҲѧϰҲѧϰģڿֱ顣
ؾЩʲôҪһ
ѾѾ֮ǰҲһЩ飬˺ܶܣűӦǲġ
ҪýһЩһ𿴡
ϵͳ̳ѾѡһЩͼֽ͵ʱ죬Ҫ˵ѾѾȥһЩͼֽˡ
ϲ߹أ˧ڣüͷ
ȻǴӮˣ̫أҪǰ¹ڹ¡


663 ˭

ѧõӺģÿ춼ѧϰһЩѾѾǺܸȤĶ
һ赸ΣһǿΣҲֻ黭εʱѾѾ΢һȤ
ĵǹرҲǻȥģټѾѾ书ǿڰҹʱǽȥ棬ʱ䵹Ҳôѹ
Ҳӭһʱ䡣
һ壬ѾѾûʱȥĽԼˡ
Ϊһվݵ꿪ŵӡ
ݵ֮ǰҪģֻǡһЩ飬ϵڡ
ѾѾһͱطŵݵ
ݵλطṩģ¥һϣھ¥Աߡ
ſڷ˺ܶɵĻ͹Ļ
ĽϣԬʣ͸ѾѾĻ⣬Ķǿط͹ġ
Ϊʱ䶼طæǰæģڴ˶ֻΪݵط࿪ġ
Ƕ֪ʵѾѾĹɶ
Ҫҵ϶Ҫѡʱģڼʱûе껹û򿪣˶һЩСææ⣬ûˡ
ط󿴿ҿȷû˽ˣֱһѾѾϵɴ
ѾѾʱ޵ö˺۾ɵôؿѾѾ߿̿ˮ
ѾѾšüڸʲôأ
ȻԵһʱֹط೶ɴûô
ֻɫ˳
Ҳӡ
طˣѾѾòлع֮طˡ
ѾѾ㶼ûҵѣҪҸ˵ˣҶ֪㾹ȻôƯ֮ǰһֱΪ㳤úܳ󣬻ͬأÿҪȥʱҶҴ̫ÿ
û뵽㡭㾹Ȼǳûˣǵ˼˲Ŵɴġ
ԭΪ
ѾѾһΪطǼòҪ¶֡
طһѾѾ˵ô赭дģˡ
Ůˣƭңһ㶼Σ˵ΪʲôҪƭҡ
ȻĻҲŹġ
ط˫ֲڳһݺݵӡ
ӿһ㶼װͰ͵ģмֿɰ
ѾѾߵһԵ£ط໹վǰԵӣ˵Ъ᣿
ߣΪ˾ԭˣҪ㲻һĻشϾ͸ϾϵݵҶҪˣҿȥһô˰ݵꡣ
ѾѾط˫۵Բ·һһӣתת˼طո˵ĻҪǲҪݵˣҲͦãû˷ߵˣ궼Ѿˡ
ңطһվ̫˰æǰææôã㾹Ȼ붪ҶԿ꣬׬ӣ
Լ˵Ҫֲұ㲻Ҫġ
ѾѾֹġ
Ҿ⣬һҪһֱţƭ˵Ķߣƾʲôߡ
طŲѾѾԶһ㣬صءߡһ¡
Сһ
ѾѾۡһЦ˳ķ֣طļ򣺡˺ˣˣ㱾ͲҺÿˣĻǳˡ
㡭طԼˡ
ѾѾҲںطǲǸˣ˵ʵҲûҪƭ㣬ֻǲ̫鷳ѣϾ㿴һƽ޹ʵϹˣͦ˿Ҳ˳ˣҪٶȥص˻ġ
ţҶˡ
طôѾѾ˵ˣͬеصͷ

ܿԭѾѾת뷨һôƯΪ١
ѾѾǺܸˡ
ȷĲҴɴˣ
Ȼʲô갡ݵ갡˵ݵ˱Ưĵꡣ
Ҫ֪ĶôƯ϶ܶǵѵġ
ȻҲ˵ݾˣҲҪ˵û֪˭˰
ط˵úе
ѾѾͷҲУҽҲˣȻԼĵ꣬һҪչѵģҳҵӦõıꡣ
ط෭˸ۣȻǮˡ
ϾҪʱˣطȥݵţѾѾſڳȥ
ǵݵͽнѾѾطһģһһ²۹һ
˶֡
Ҫŵʹ˳ȥҶ֪ĶǿǸǰû˵ݵ꣬ؾͶڽ棬ŵ￪ŵʱ򣬿ģпЩʲô
û˵ô棬˱Ư
ȵһ򿪣ѾѾطһ粢߳ʱ򡭡


664 

ȵһ򿪣ѾѾطһ粢߳ʱ򣬴ҵĿ˲ͱѾѾȥ
ǴûмôƯĹ
ôôÿ
ǲΣôҺ񿴵һ
˭ƣҸһʱʱ䣬ȥҴ˭ûҪǶˣ׵˭취ȡԼ
ѾѾ֪Ѿвڴ⣬ҪȢؼ
ڵĹע㶼طϡ
ط
ҺãҾط࣬Ӧкܶ˶֪ҵģӦҲ֪ҵҸһ𿪵ġ
λҵѣ֪һܺ˭ϾôòĹѵһģҿԸǣȫҪȥݡ
ǵǿȥΪʲôôƯ
ҵûҿݵꡣ
ݵʲôǽ֮ǵĲƷͻƯĵꡣ
ҵѾΪСǵݲƷųôƯ
ǣֻҪҲǵĲƷҲܹôƯġ
ѾѾûطྐྵȻô
ҪطеǣҪطĻˡ
֪Щط˵ˣڱ֮Ƕôؼ
һģеطǲģõȷĻظ֮󣬾һѷ˽ȥ
СһҶЩʲôƷ
СǸ˶ùĶóȫҪˡ
һģԼڱˣĵĶᱻˡ
һȥ֮󣬾ȲغС˵ԼҪ
ѾѾͱط൱һһվſڡ
ÿˣط඼ҪһѾѾ˵Ķűôÿġ
󣬲Ů˿ͽȥвй˿Ҳȥ档
֮˽֮еҲ⡣
طҪ飬ƽʱǸȦﶼˡ
󳼵ŮҲ½
ʮҲҶ㲻ع
һʲôݵѣ˵ʲôĶ˱ƯҿǺ˵ƭ˵ģǵҿҲһЩ֬ˮ֮ĶѣҪ˵ô߼ҪƭһЩ֪
бҪǵȥ𣿡
Ҷ㶼ΪʮߵĴˣڱʮһȵĿǲΪȻ̫ȥĵ߶һԱۡ
طһֱͦƲģҲϲطࡣ
ʮѾܹſˣ˵ȥҲ޷
طô˵Ҳý㣬Сʱطϵһֱġ
ûҶôࡣ
ݵſڻкܶˡ
طһԿ꣬²ģһֱվڵſڸһһεؽ˵Ҳۡ
һֱЦеġ
ʮʱ򣬻֡
ʮǱѨһᶯˡ
۾һգգؿѾѾ
ҲǵһμôƯĹԼǸҲѾѾסˡ
ط쿴̫ıˡ
˫ֻأ˵Ưɣ
ʮʶصͷ
طӵˡ
ǿ϶ģǴСǵĲƷģܲƯ𣿡
˵ŽظεĻ
ʮЩöûùٵˣһǻϵŮ²ܳġ
ǺöҲûá
һǧĺ棬ʱҪôȥϵע⣬ȱľǸԼƯĶ
ЩеǺܺõĶҲֻǻƤúһЩɫúÿһЩȴȫһһһ˹ֱһˡ
Ҳ˵ǰ˾ùĲƷɿ϶Ϊ˵ĲƷűôÿġ
ʮ书ǿˣҲϲúÿˣŮ
һطࣺͱţˡ
֮ߵطѾѾм䣬ɫظ
ԭѾѾ˾ط࣬ڱˡ
ѾѾ˾ͱʮ
ãʮ֪أҪγƺ
ѾѾеǵͽӵʮüͷطࡣ
ȻܹǺʮ˵
ʮôĶҪʮϳ͵Ǻܺá
طϷӦּ˹
ã㻹վﰡ㶼ҵĵˣܲܲȥ֧һҵɣ
㿴ðҪǶһЩϽȥĻöᱻ˵ġ
ߣҸܼöǵǸĤ̫ˣ֮͸˿Ǽһɺˡ


665 ԭ

ʮط˽ȥ
ѾѾһ
ȻҶ㿴ߣ˲ͳ˼֡
ʮôҲϵĽãʮûʲôõĿʮôƷմ󸣴һʲƵ롣
Ҷ㲻һ
ѧԺˣҲ֪ҶⷲıãҲ׵ıס
Ҷ㻹׵δޣ˻飬ױ˳Цһ
۸ѵ˱ĵˡ
ҶңΪҵòˣ
ܿϧ㼵ʵץӷεģҲҰٷ֮һĺÿģޣˣҶô󣬾ʲôҲܱƯˣȻҾ͸ӲǵĶˡ
ʡѽܻǵƷֻԼҩɾȣʱһˣΪǵĶûЧء
ʮѾȥˣΧҲûʲôˡ
ѾѾñԼǮҶ˵ġ
ѾѾ˵ǼϵģΪرغȻݺĽȶ˶˵ˮҪö
ҶͼʹѾѾ
һӾѾѾ
ؿѾѾ˫Щţ㡭
˼Ҳϲó˵³ᴫȾˡ
ѾѾӻ֣תͶ뵽ͷĵ
طһ̫ʵֻ֮ҪǾݵˣƽˡ
طڸʮһײͣѾѾ״룬߹ȥˣȥ̨Ҹλ˷ӡ
Ҷ߽ʱ򣬽ŲЩġ
Ǿʲôһ
֮ʶѾѾķ˹ȥ
ѾѾյϣ°ͣ˷ǲͣЪӣֵ۾
ЦݣʹѾѾò˼Ρ
˿˸Ӳƿߡ
Ҷˣֽ߬һָˣоһ˿ʹ⡣
ѾѾҶڿҶ˻֡
ЦԽزá
ˣ㲻ǲñ֪ôֹҶ֪ˣ
һһЩ͸ѾѾĲֻϧѾѾڶȥȡ뷨ʲô׵ģֱֻȥѾѾ
ѾѾǹ˹ţᡣ
ʮߣѾ˼ĵֺҪΪʮΣõѡ
㿴ոʮʲô̬ȣ
ʮ֪˭֪ôҵһãʮ֪Ҿˣô
ٲ£һʮߵúܽˣҶֻ
һһˡ
ĵظпһ
ڲ֪УѾѾǳɳ˺ܶࡣ
ˡ
һֱڴһֱҽ棬ѾѾܻǸǣĺӡ
ȾһľǣʶĶ֮˼Ҳ͸ųˡ
ϲѾѾܷĸı䡣
ΪϵͳĳߣͲǸɵ𣬷ĻԺпܻᷢһЩ޷ֲ顣
ҶҶȷѾѾʮ֪ѾѾĿʮǧټƵȥ֪ࡣ
ʮطһʮǧİײͣ˺üӶˣƱ֮󣬾ҶһȥϴĤ
ײݡ
˾ϴë׽ƤĤ⣬ȫĦصĿ
ʮЩߣֻĤ
ǰδеĳϴ沿Ħ֮ʦʼͿĨһЩģĶͿĨ֮󣬾ǵȴʱ䡣
ʮ۾ŷĤḶ́˳һ¸ոտá
ԽԽúЩϤҶ㣺㣬ûоøո濴ǸеϤһ͸ʲôط۾Σʵ̫Ϥˡ
Ҷ￩һ£װ򶨵˵ӦۻˣոǸﳤôÿҪ֮ǰӦòܲǵġ
˵⻰ʱҶʶȭͷ
ҲԣôÿǰҪǼܲǵõģĻھͲطѶҵˡ
ˣոǽʱ㲻ǺڸʲôòǸ˵˰ɣ
˸˵ʲôˣУնû˵Ҷ֪ôˡ
ʮһ뵽ոûѾѾ˵Щź
˵ʲôˣ
Ҷ뵽ѾѾղŸ˵ĻüĶšˡ
ҧݣЩƲסˣһ֮˵û˵ʲôǹǺϲ˵Ҳû˵ֻǸպжϣȻһᣬ͵Щʱ䡣
ޣǾͿϧˣû£Լȥ˵


666 

ʮûлɣޣǾͿϧˣû£Լȥ˵
Ҷüͷš˵ʲô
ʦĦ̧֣ͷҶšüģ˵ĤʱҪüͷĻȻĻƵġ
Ҷ㻹ѾѾ˵ĻڶԼǸӵˣҲüͷˡ
ʮʦҲ˵Ĥʱǲ˵ģȻĻЧûôˡ
Ҫʲô˵Եȴǰϴɾ˵
Ŷ
һЧãʮҲ˵ˡ
Ҷ㶼
һֱʦǵϴɾǵһЩʲôˬˮͿĤ۾ΧҲͿ˪
վˣĤ֮Ч⣿mʦһСӹ
ʮڴС
һջһԼա
۾һӾˣľϲ
ҵ̫̫ˣŻ˺ܶࡣ
ʽ㻹˵ҳúڣҵȻҪȥһڲڡ
ʮΪϲܣϲ赶ŪǹģƤôס
еڡ
رϣԼһ㣬û뵽ϲ֮졣
Ҷ㾭ʮȥƤҲеڣʮӣϽӣԼ
󣬾ЩֵԼ
߻԰ױҪһ𣿡
ױʲôǻױ
ױʣʮ㶡
ǵһôֵĴʡ
ˣױ˼׮ǵ˵
ݵ˶ɶ㸺ѵģѾѾ鼮ѧġ
ѧĶִĴҲִױݡ
ʮΪһǾС㣬Ůˣŵʱ϶Ҫױһġ
ױͳţ˵͸·һ
ͷ
ǹϲһױݻϲŨһױأ
ʦѵʱѧ˺ܶױݣеױŨױиҵױݡ
ġ
ʮҲǴŻҵ棬ױȻҲǲܸҶ
һ㶼ȻױݣŪøƨһ
ϾԹ͢ЩױԣŨױǸƨɲġ
ã鷳ʮãūͰʮױ
ҶҲһ߻ױ
ѾѾ鼮ѵ£ݵʦͬʱҲǼרҵĻױʦ
ǿԸݿ˵٣ʣݣȥʺǵױݡ
ʮҶڵķ滯ױݵġ
ѾѾط˵֮üͷԺҶٹͰϳȥǵﲻ⡣
Ҷ֮飬˶֪
׸ѾѾĹϵطҲ֪
һ֪ѾѾҪ׳ˣȻûвӦġ
ҲǺϲҶ㡣
ˣʮòϲŮ˲ϲ˵İɣ
ѾѾʮոտ񣬾ԼбҪȷһ¡
ϾŮϲоܾòǺܺá
ط౻ѾѾĻЦˣˣʮѾδˣϲƯĶѣеĻŮģϲȫԷģϲ
ѾѾҴˡ
͸һҲϲƯĶ
ѾѾҪڵﵱƣطҲ뿪￴ӵҲƣоܿһ죬ԣܹü졣
ţҲǿԵġ
ط໹ҪȥæԼһ˿ˡ
ֵӵʱǹúܿ죬ʱתۼʮҶ㻯ױҲˡ
ʮԼױݺ⡣
й涨Ҫǹ˿ͶԵķĿ͵ӡ
ҪſӵĹ̨ȥ͡
ⲻǿԵģѵĶǮˣڿ˶ӣҪԼ͵Ļױ˵л
Ǵ˶ȥ͵㡣
οķĺ⣬͸ȥˡ
ʮǸ¸һײͣеˣɻǸƴֵˡ
˴ͶǴͼӣЩ󷽵ģҲʹʮӶѡ
ʮһ
ֱһƱȥõƱȥ͵ģеġ
ѾѾʮƱʱ۾ˡ
ʮѾѾ۾Ҳˡ
һţãֿյһʲƵӡ
һţãֿˡ
Ϊ˱ʾӵ𾴣ѾѾվ
Ϊ˱ʾ˵𾴣ʮӿ˽Ų
ѾѾ֮ǰ˵ˣǽݰɡ
ѾѾ
˵õӵأ
ǲʲôᣬΪģ
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һ˵ʮƱҪ͸ǵİɣҾˡ
ڽݵĻʮĪҪ˵ˡ
һôҸأҪҸˣ˵ҲΪˣ򲻿ɰ
û֪ˣǻҪɱҵͷء
ѾѾ׼֮ʱҶЩˣʮϳѾѾ
ôʮ֮ǰֿѾѾ˳۵¶Ϊȥˣ෴ģʮ뷽跨ȥֺѾѾ
֮ǰʮ취ȥԸѾѾʮ϶ŹҪ˵ġ
ѾѾһڣʱһ
Ȼ֪ѾѾΪʲôֱʮݣŸ
ͲʮһӶ֪ǰҪݵ˾ϲĳء
ʮЩεؿѾѾҲһ˵ĳЩûпǵôࡣ
͸鷳ˡ
ǽݵȲ˵ˣһȥ˵һȡø֮ͬݡ
ֻڽ֮ǰ֪ǷԸ֪ķסںδأ
պˣҲʱ죬һԳԵĺȺȲ裬ĵʲôģˣɺã
һһˣ֪ʮٰŮˣѾѾҪǰǲаŮװĵͽˡ
ʮЩǣǺ£˵ȥҼҵǲˣʮպˣɵǵҾˡ
СŮӵ֣ǸӲֵһˣСŮӲһѣܸʮ˵һλѾǼĸˣһʮܼסСŮӵء
ʮæڻкܶҪģСŮӱ㲻ʮʮذɡ
˵߶ʮһƣʮߡ
ʮôѾѾ˵⣬ȵӦʱѾѾѾתص
ҶضѾѾıӰ·޲߽ѾѾıӰһ
ʮ˵Ů̫ˣȻԼòϲ
ҾͲϻҲҪƯŮˣԣҿͲҪٵˡ
˳úÿһ㣬ҿҲûʲôŵˡ
е̰ƵӣղſֱӽϵƱ˹ȥġ
ʮһֱȵѾѾȫ߽ӰˣתͷҶ㡣
ûŵ㣬ֻòһ͹ˣĻòкܶŵ㣬̰ƣô
ô㲻ΪʵӣҲΪһϵӵġ
һߵǸλõˣһϲˡ
ֻҪһ˵ˣǲò˫ȫˣ뷽跨ȥ˾ΪУ˳ΪǵŮˡ
ҪǸոǸŮ̫ڴžͲˡ
ʮԼΪһжеġ
Ҷ㲻˵ʲôˡ
ʮȻѾѾѾԵùϵģ˵ʲô󶼻ѾѾ˵ġ

ݵһⳬĺãѾѾڰʱõ߻ؼ
·Ľϡ
ĽϺȻعǣ֡
𣿡
ۡ
ѾѾȵģۣӵľ
ӣĽϾͲµⶨȻܺá
ѾѾķ˵ţҾͷˣ⼸ֿ˼ӣҪ´ʱȥ
ð㿪ʲôӣ
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˵֮䣬Ѿߵո
ոб򸮡
򸮴мұˣ˳
ѾѾǵһοҡ
תͷؿĽϡ
Ϊʲôǳ
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Ľͷϵңɫ˼֣֮󣬲ſڣⱾĳ
ڳ֮ǰסʱǳ
ʱֻһողμƾ٣ȡ״ԪũСӶѡ
϶Ĳ⣬ųϲŲòͬǵ£иǳ֮סڳ
ϸǣʹҲ㣬ҳѾϰסˣϲԸίԼҡ
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һľǺܶꡣ
ѾѾһĽϵʱ򣬿ſڵҲ򸮣
һвңǴĳ򸮿ʼġ
ĽҲԼĴʵҲԹĵû˱һŮ˺ӡ
ѾѾ̧򴽣ͷţҲͦõġ


668 滨

ѾѾΪҪȵѧԺһʱ򣬲ܹ߳ѧԺ
û뵽ǰˡ
սصԺĿΣһֽʥּʹѧԺ档
ԭǻʹֲ֪ҪٰʲôᣬҪѾѾϯ
ѾѾҲԼǸǽʹĴʵ̫ˡ
ĴΣ㲻ܾ̾
ͬ˻ϵҪ
ֻǻϸɩǶܶһ˽ʹǶΪҪиߣһȥʹС
ԭǸͦʵѡôҲͶźѾѾʱˡ
ɶҪݵ⣬ﶼæ
ѾѾǸ굽Ǯˣǿ϶ԸΪԼ飬ö׬ӵġ
ǶǲѾѾһˣСʮ̫СǸȥ֪չѾѾѾѾչˡ
󾭹Ͷ滨ѾѾһȥ
滨ԴӸѾѾһҵ˾֮󣬶ڼæһЩֹ
㻤ƷƷ֮ġ
Ϊ滨Ը򣬲̫ó˴򽻵
ѾѾҲͲȥæֻڼһ﹤ƷױƷ
Ƕˣ滨Ҳ
ѾѾһ˻ʹҲǿԵġ
˻ʹ֮Ҫ滨㣬Լһ˵ˡ
׿˵ˣʹͦ˶㲻˳ۣҪԸġ
书ǿҲѵ״̬»ᱻ۸¾ڲעʱ򣬻ᱻھˮҩ֪
滨С¾ϸģ㣬ģ԰㶢Ų˶Ķֽš
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вԼҺӵһ
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˴ʲô֪ʱ򣬲ηġ
һ֪ˣ̲סհǰ˺󣬻ᲶץӰᶯ;˺Լ;ߵǴġ
Ͼģڲ֪ʹôӵʱÿѾѾҪʱһ㶼ĵġ
֪ˣһѾѾҪЩʳѰ
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ѾѾף๫ĹְߣĿǰΪֹʹĻҲûС
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ѾѾյʥּ棬ֻμһᣬȴû˵ǲμʲôᣬѾѾ˳һ䡣
عĻҲʲôشᣬֻһͨļѣϣм˳ϯ
Ǿ˽һǣԺھ߶ҲЩ


669 δ

عĻҲʲôشᣬֻһͨļѣϣм˳ϯ
Ǿ˽һǣԺھ߶ҲЩ
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ѾѾһϾͿˣѾѾڳһȦ֮󣬾üͷ
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Ϊ֪Էʶս񽫾ļˣӶ˼־衣
ս񽫾˵Ϲټҵˣɾ֪ϹټҵĹϵѰǸӡ
ˣɻϸ񰮣ǳ΢ѧϰоս֮΢ضڵģֻϣҪ̫ʧѧһЩƤëźá

ϸϹϽһһ˵š
ѾѾѾеõҪ˽Ϣ
紫ǰ㣬ϹټҲ»ϣͬģҲпܶڻϲôġ
ط಻֪ôģȻѾѾ
չѾѾǱǸϹٹûǸʮδ򣬲ʮǺ⣬Ȼ˵ʮԼȥ£˭֪޵һˡ


670 ûʲô

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ˣǸ˽Ϲʽܣÿͦܳģʵ˲ôͦϲģԺҪ濴жԶ߶ԶǧҪӴ
طֿϹʽһۣرмƲƲ졣
ѾѾղžע⵽Ϲʽܵʸ˲̫һط˵ˣҲɵö࿴ۡ
Ҳ⣬ʮΪʲô᲻ϲ
ĹŮ˵ʮ书ǿˣϹʽȻų͸¶һϢ
Ȼʮϲ͡
˵Ϲʽܿɲʲôˣ˲ŮģӶûȢؼң㴲Ů˵ǲ١
㿴˫۾˵ʱͲǺҺһɴȻҪ֪ĳ࣬϶Źġ
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ѾѾϵĵ滨С
Ϊʱﻹûʼţ滨ǿŶӳġ
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ѾѾѾԱˣҲط࣬һŻϣҲʲôµġ
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ѾѾǵüû滨׵飬ôûС
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ѾѾط굽Ǯˡ
һŶӹμӹ磬ע⵽Ϲʽܸ滨ȥˣͷǹ˹
ѾѾǴĹǲǶƯѽ֮ǰˣôƯˣô㻹Ǹǲһ
룬һǴģҲƯ
ˣҸַѾǴģҲƯ
Сʮ֮϶ҲǺƯġ
˵ҪҪȥǴסأһǲҲܱøƯ
òǵؾʲô˽ܵĵط˰ɣ
ѾѾˡ
ڽУ輧֮󣬽ž͵˸輧ٳ衣
滹бݽġ
Ŀͦḻʳ̶Ҳԡ
ʱͻͦ졣
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ȻǸɴŪ
ӵ£ʶսȭͷ
һЦûʲôֻǵһοıݾͦÿģһʱˣЦˡ


671 л

Ҳûлһ˵Ļ
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ҲϳߵѾߡ
һ𣬹ָ԰Ϸ
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＾ڵ԰Ѿûʲôķ羰ÿˣһЩʱ򻹼ͦؿŵľջ¼⣬ʣµľһЩƵҶһЩͺͺ֦
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ˣĽ˵˵ӣȻҲ̫ˡ
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ѾѾƲƲ졣
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ʱǽǮŲҪߵȥΪĴ˷ʱ䡣
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ûѾѾȥˡ
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һһԻʹһжŸ߶ȵȤʱʱصһ䡣


672 滨

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滨һֱվѾѾ󣬿طѾѾ죬ط˵˵Ļ˵еС滨֪ѾѾ˵ЩʲôǵǰǸոϹϽϹٽԱߵģϹټҵˡ
һæ˵һߣϹٹӡ
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滨ҡͷˣˣڱҸطˣ鷳Ϲٹӡ
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ոոʲôȥˣ㶼֪մһǳʵĽĿˣǱֻûû뵽Ȼ˵
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⹬ŮƺѾϰˣҲ治ɫģʮųԵĶ


674 ҲҪ

⹬ŮƺѾϰˣҲ治ɫģʮųԵĶ
ϵ֦¶ѾˣҪūȥһȵĹ𣿡
ԳԳԣ˳Ե㻹֪Щʲô
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675 

Ҫ滨ݿѾѾֹڷ߶˼ӡ
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Сʮһļ⣬ͷţСùõǺܺʮûǣˣСùô϶ҲμӵģעСùõˡ
ҸǺѣ
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ѾѾ뷿ҩˣڱȽУҪ֮ǰӦСҪһҩ
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ѾѾڳԥһᣬҪȥĽϡ
ѾѾ߹ȥ˵ҼӲڼҪҪĻٹɡ

ҲҾǺȻԼķ羰ͦġ
һһ˵ˣŮҪ֣̫ġ
ŲǹĽϵġ
̧ͷ˿죬һ±ơ
ܿķ羰ոܿķ羰
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ʱ䣬˵ȥæˡ

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679 

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дˣŮǲģһҪкУĻױΪûҪϸȥֺкӣкǲϧġ
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ŵĻģҲһƽʱǱһɻǶߵש飬Ҳһ˯ˣһѵñһ㡣

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ƽʱҲô˵һһߣһ½ȣ֮Ҳô˵ʲôҪעĵطͻǵĹͷģҸֻ˵λ
һ߹ʱһϵשŵõˣĽŸˣҾ͸˵Բһû¡
һΣǳԷʱ飬ʱֺܲɵؾվߣҲ˼һ˳ԷԣҾֻһ䣬Բԣ˵˲Եġ
֮Ҳû˵ˡ
ûʲô֤ˣǵʱûбˡ
һһ˵͸ִĹ࣬ѾѾ͸ÿĸ˶һĳƺš
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˵ĻѾѾͷָĵԼ˵ʲô˵λ£ôǵô
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681 㻹ʲô

ΪΪҡΪֻһͨĹˣǸҡҵһθôߵ˵ҡţԾӡˡ
˵ʱŵش֣Ϊôһ㶼ƥ䡣
ѾѾû뵽ȻΪԭ򣬿Ƭ֮̾˿ڣʵҲǶߵְλֻĸ˶ѣŪְλƶѡ
͵Ļ»Ϊһ
ˣȥһ˹
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ⲻǶʬ𾴣ֵµ˿ģȻһܺõ£ĵĻᣬοֵµҳ϶ȶͦߣȴпһɥʧĵ¼
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֣ĶҪɴʱҹˣմȾһѪζʱúϴ裬˯ҲͬҪ
ȵճ֮ѾѾ׼ˮص˸һһ֮ϵԡͰ˸ˮ衣
ȵѾѾŵˣһӾͺˡ
ڲʲô
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ٲȥҾͺˡ


682  ̸

ٲȥҾͺˡ
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˶ѾѾĽ֮䶯ͳ̸Ϊͦ𾪵ġ
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ǸȽʵˣôѯճ
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ѾѾֱĽץסˣɫˣҪֳ
Ľץúܽǲ֡
ŭˣ֣
Ľȷʵˣ쵽ѾѾ䣬§סͷѾѾļ򿿹
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ѾѾ˲ˡ
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ĽȻûʱ򣬵һʱϹˣڲҲ
ζǼǵ˵ġ
̸Ļ˱ɵ͸˵
֮ͨˣĽϿţĽֵ⣬ŵһЩֵζ͵ζϵͳ￴͡
ڲſʼĽϣע⵽Ľϵƺƣ룬Ƥɫģ·ܳʱû˯һ


683 ͵ҵĶ

ѾѾڲſʼĽϣע⵽Ľϵƺƣ룬Ƥɫģ·ܳʱû˯һ
ƽʱȥˣ
ȻϾӦԭĽϣѾѾΪϿûԭ
˵ʱЩ塣
ĽͷѾѾĲ֮˲䣬˵ûˡ
ţ
ոջĽܳѾѾһĽ˵Ͼͽ͵ʲôˣȻ͵ҵĶ
ĽԺ϶Ҫ޸ģޣǿ϶ǻȢģȻĽϵĶĶ͵ĽϵĶô͵ĶˣǾԲԭµġ
ѾѾöҪվĽ§ͷȻľѴûվૣ͵ҵģҶ˼ҹ룬ҹ£Ҳ֪ģֻ֪Ѿסҵˡ
ҵΪš
ѾѾ˲ͺˡ
ŤתͷⲻȥĽϡ
Ľͷһ
˵ϢѾѾϣȵģµģûһ˿ġ
**ġ
Ľһӱôɧɣû϶ĵҾɽ˺ܶ໰ȥ
ϾֻлвŻôɧˣƫƫŮǶ˰òеġ
ˣ˵ѾѾҲдˣռӱУԭڶȽϺõģҲȽϴӱ
ǰҲţΪ˴ʵɵеڶŵˣһǺ˾ˣڲڹٳﵱ٣һƫԶĴׯﵱɡ
үӾżܼ̳²ԺһΪµĺù٣ʵֲˣͰϣھϡ
ڣүʧˡ
ľɣʼվЩ⣬ǣԶдͷΪдһԼĻ
ӰѾ׵ػķѧҵڿͷд
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дһʲôԵܲðҡģһʱãɽժҩʱ򣬴ϵԽһȥû˵ʱǸʱ͸һһ˵ִһ
зɻִиָ߿ƼĶͨһ˵졣
ǹﴩԽǸʱгһﳵײһ
Ȼ󻹶ȸ״Ǻ˴ǸϹģȻ࣬ô뷽跨Ļǵõõ
ĳЩʱҲͦɧģ͸Ľϸղһ
˵̨ʶĽϸ˵һ
ѾѾĵؿĽϣ㿴˾дĻˣ㻹ˣ
ɻžɷдûǰ;֮󣬼μӿƾٵġ
ҪĽϿ˻ˣǡҪ֪;ˣ϶ϲġ
дĿģдһԼϲĻ⣬ͬʱҲͨд׬ӵġ
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ڿʱҶ񲻻Ƶģֻߣ˲Ż˹
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ѾѾһۣɷûĽϵĴֳ鲻
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ûͦ죬֮ǰһЩ˶ࡣ
ѾѾǸϾͱú࣬壬ץסĽϵ
̫죬͸زĲһ
͵˲˵ڵϡ
˻࿴˶ԷһһصǸոմŵϡ
ճȿڣɧɧƪģҶûôɧˡ
ʾһ䣺ľҼΪϲſ춼֪ȻΪҼȾˡ
ͬʱ̾һ
û뵽ͦˣ̸ʱģ˴۽硣
棬֪ôǵλӣһͼԷһҲ̲ס˳ֽѾѾУͷӡȥ
Ŀ·ˣʱҲ·һ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ĽڷſѾѾѾѾøһ
һԣĽϲ촽
ĽǺЦڻζո۵ĴУߵѾѾ˫ִӴȥ


684 

½ΪҪѾ֪ͨߣУԺˢԡ


685  ͻ

ֻҲ֪ôģҲЩ߰ġ
һɶûС
ѾѾֻȥҸѯһ
ʮ˺ģ
ʶͬ𣿡
ͬס֪𣿡
Լһ˹ģǴճһġ
ճͷȥˡ
ʵĶס⸽סͣиջɢźζġ
Ҳдöԭɫ·׼ȥϹġ
һѾѾճʻҡԴ
֪֪·
һؼңˣһñš
֪ԣӣͱңߣְŵġ
һʮ˶ûʳʲôѾѾЩɣͬǲסˡ
ӣҪٻȥǱߵˣͬǲס
ճҲЩͬǲסġ
ѾѾͷȻܹײһ¡
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䣬ɫ䣬׷ȥһܻһߺճ죬ȥ͵ҵĺɰ
̫ˡ
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ŸĽ۹飬û뵽͵Ķ
ճṦ˿ΧԱߵһ˽ȥ
ѾѾǵһΪͬļң·˺ü顣
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ǸһֱǰܵĻ϶ܵ档
ѾѾһճ֪Ĵ㣬û˵ʲôȥ׷С͵
͵ѾѾɰС͵Ǹʮҵ꣬ãǳûۣͦ˵֣һ㶼ݣͦ׼ġ
ݸԲǸʵҪ͵Ϊˡ
һǶҲ˵С͵û϶ҵܺãܰԼôá
Ϊʲô·ҲŪһ㣬ѾѾ²Ǿôõ·͵ʧܱץ֮󣬸װʧԷŹ
Ǹʧ϶ѾѾ
ǮһıǺ«ѾѾ˵͵ĺɰ׷׷ĵϣɱһٱӶġ
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ѾѾĵҪץȻݺݵؽѵһ٣ֻǣط˲Ծĵط
һһҵṦô
ȻǼõģСϰ䣬츳ڣֶ˵Ṧ书Ѿˡ
书Ӧһģζ϶Ҳһġ
һһһʱ򶼲̫ϲѾѾˣΪѾѾ὾Ǹѵϵͳֻʵʵ˵
Ṧ˲𣿡
ѾѾٶδȴܷȥһһ
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ǾˡһһĴ𸴣ѾѾšüġ
һһ֪ѾѾЩʲôһһҲͬ¡
꿴ŻЩ꣬Ṧƺ֮ϣûв´ĻʹõĿӦ貨΢
ѾѾΪԼҪȥ׷С͵ͦɵģ׷һ·֮ȴ֣Щˡ
ֲС͵ܳôãƾ֣м׷
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Ҳһһӣ˵һһҲûӡ
ȫһֵˣģʱʱٸѾѾ䡣
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ĺɰвӵġ
ϵ˴඼±ﲻģ·ƽε飬ǿ϶ǶԸȥġ
Ҳûбꡣ
ǲѾѾץס꣬߹ʱǻÿԸ˳ܹȥ
ӣҪ˵˵˭ץסС͵ֵӸǣһӦþͻˡ
УҲǿˣҪǰңҿԴ汨ǣҸӣǼܵġ
ҵӶҵģǲָܷ˵ġ
ѾѾ˵رֱ׳
һһܷۣ϶Ѿˣʼ磬Щε˵ҪǲûСӣ˵ɰӶûˡ
ǵδء
ѾѾٺ١ЦЦóСʯӡ
׷Σа취ġ
Ҳδ׷ϣֻΪ̫˶ѣǶˣ棬Ǿ͵滨ӳԷˡ
ö
ʱǼܶӵġ
óСʯͷûдȥճѾǰ

ѾѾѾûˣһųİϣŲڵ棬һûһµţ˵˵˵ʲô֣͵˶˰ҿܲܵͦ찡Ӧʦɣ
ΪʲôɵС͵˰
걻ճѺţѾѾݺݵءޡһ£ߣҷϻȻץСүˣҪɱҪǱ㣬ĥĥģȻҶҪΪǲҶôˡ
ѾѾĻˣող´˰õ·ΪҪװġ


686 ʦ

ѾѾԼꡣ
ôקôΪ±ץʱҪװ⴩õء
ѾѾѸղŵⶼȷ£꣬һµ⣺ΪʲôҪôõģ
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ѾѾ˸ۣЩƲɵֲû·ҸҪȥ·
ѾѾղŻ͵ӻˣڣıˡ
ͦõġ
ģֲû·ΪʲôҪ˷ȥ·
ģϲ·;ʵ̫ˡ
һµĽǮۣѾѾĺøжճɿꡣ
ǸͦԸˣһôקקģһͲǻߵˡ
ѾѾڸ˵ĵطӵһƷ棬޵úµķûж٣Ƶķӵǲ١
ѾѾѽŲڵϵĽջԱ߿ŵĵӣ˵ǸҲڵˣɣѵͺúɣ
ѵһһԼˣѾѾú죬ԲһԵ֡
ɵؿѾѾЩ㲻ѾѾҪʲô
ȴһ˿ɵģֵı飬ѾѾһҸûʲôĵˣ͵ĶʵҼץˣҲʵ
ֱ˵Ҫôɣ
Ҫ⳥Ǿܵģ͵Ķֱûȥˣ൱㶼ûκʧҲûջ
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ѾѾ֣Լߵӡ
ǰ͵ûҲ֪֮Ӧô׸˵ģԺҪһθУеˣճɿ֮ûܵġ
ѾѾĻ֮ҧ촽㲻ԸѾѾ
˵ɣҪʲô
ҿˣȻԼˣǸץסˣҲɫģһСҪҸ£Ҫֵطȥ£Ƕǲܵġ
ҪôˣǳԿĻǣΪҿ϶ǻӵģһ֮󣬱˾ͻǵ鷳
Щʲô
ѾѾЩص˵Դ
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ǿ߶ĵ¡
ѾѾƽʱЩҵֻΪûֶѡ
ֵؿһѾѾûʦû˹涨ṦþһҪʦ̵ģͲ̵𣿡
ߺߣ׸ʦǲһġ
Ͼû׸ʦᲢ۵ġ
ף˭
ʻ˲ѾѾճ


687 Ҫϲ

ף˭
ʻ˲ѾѾճ
ճѾѾʦʲô˵˴ʱѾѾӺ˭
ճӿʼڶû˵Ȼðһ仰ˣһ
ʱ˹ȥȻҪ˰ôӻҪ°
걻ŵؿڡ
ճæǸ׷ʣ˭ѽҲסܴȥ𣿡
ڣôô׵飬ѵϲף
һվճòǸĺɣ
ѽ㾹ȻҸԼȥңڵģ׳ȥ궼ûлؼңҽױ𡭡
ľҪˣճæס˵ǣǣҲҶʶأأҾǺôôõṦ
ճ˫ֵǰһ嶯Ķ֡
ˣЩʧһ˵㲻ҵҾͲð׷׷ѿˡ
ǣҲãӦ˵ġ
ճڻ꣬ܶ⣬ֻˡ
꿴ճϴ̬ã黹ǿԭ
ճ겻ˣ׷ʣ׳˽Ṧʲô𣿡
ûУֻṦĻҸղôܱץ
־еˡ
ѾѾһֱؿճ֮һһĿճϣһЩ̽ѯζ
ʱҲûճ˵
ճ죺˵ȥˣ֪
ҵû
ϻ϶ûҵİĻô궼ֲҵôεģӵ飬ԣﻹҵӡ
ճ޴һӵ
ճĻҭһһ˲Ҫһ꣬ǲεĻʲôǲΣ
һε׻ᶪº궼
ôûġ
Ϊ˲˺ģճû˵
ҪĻѾˣ꽻ѾѾҸѾѾ˵ӣλĵﶼˣҿͽظϰɡ
Ṧ˵ãȥŻһЩƷǲġ
ѾѾ죬ͷţ鲻أҪҪһؼң
ؼʲôô
ؿѾѾ
ճѾѾڣ֮ǰڣôɶˣӼƯкܶóԵĶ


688 Ǳƭ˰

ճѾѾᷴڣ֮ǰڣôɶˣӼƯһкܶóԵĶȥʲôУкܶ˶סӼӻͬء
ģ
ҲͲʮҵӣ̰Եͣһ˵ѾѾкܶóԵģϾ˫۷
ǺãҸȥˡ
ʩһһܸ߰ӣӦѾѾҪ

ѾѾûճĿģ˵ߵ֮󣬾ʹٴȥͬ
겢û߿ѾѾճĻѾѾιҪҵʲô֪ͬӦþֻ֪ˣȥǿ϶ǲ֪ģҲѹôöҲ
ҲιұԽҽ㣬ЩֶֶŮһҹùöС
ĳƺ֮ѾѾʵ˵˵Ϊʲôֻ֪ͬģ˻᲻֪
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곯ѾѾָ֣໥Ħš
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Ҳ֪һݣŵﺬţ˫⣬Դ棬ȣʣͬʲô˰ôʶôֵˣ
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ѾѾڰϣŶȣ˫ֳڰϡ
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һֱʱû֪ͬסģǿ϶ǲ֪ġ
Ҫ˵֪ˣҲƭǵӵġ
㻹ƺţ˵Ǹƺţﶼûеģһֻ67䷿Ӷѣ68ŷ
Ǹո˵ʱǿ϶˽³ЦǸɵӣһжټ䷿Ӷ֪68ŷ
ҷҵĵ϶Ҳ
ѾѾ˵Ļʵԣֻ΢΢Щ𾪣ԭͬһʼûи˵ʵ
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ʲôˣҿС͵ӵ˵УҲǸǮˣ͵һ͵ˡ
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ѾѾ̲סҪ²ˣ㵱С͵ʲôýġ
ҲǸ˵ʱ򣬷Ҫȱ˵ĻӦܼ˵ˣ΢ЪϢһᣬһ˵ȻҲ·͵ӣҾֻȥ͵˰ܹҪ˯İɣҾ͵˯͵¡
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ҪǸڻУⶼ˵˿һˣȻû˵ص㣬ԻöҪд˵ġ
Һʵڻģ˵ҲֻǣֻҪǲ٣û˻ˡ
˵׼ȥ͵ʱҾȻпˣ˵棬ôƧ˾Ȼѣһһ
ѣҾеĵ䷶ҪѾͺˡ
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ͬǰʼɻȥ֮ǰûѵģûѣ۸
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ҲʲôˣȻĻôɵ˰˴·˴·ҪЩ˵ˣҾҲˣһһ˺һүġ
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Ѻ֪ͬͬ𣿡
ѾѾĻһʼ⡣
ҡͷǣûкͬ˵ͬҲ̫ˣʲôʱ֪ܽͬġ
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ӣͬļΪʲôҪһǲʲôĿģ
ճһӼ
ѾѾʾճҪ˵꣺ǽ˵ʲô
ǽ˵ͦ໰ģҶˣֻ֪ͬ˵ˣʲôܿͽˣ֮͵еۣˣǼ˻Ҳ̫ˡ


689  ͦʵ

ĶûмеĻȻô࣬˵ûûˣ⾿ò͵ˣǰ׷Сүôʱ䡣
ϳԹ
ҪѾѾͬ飬Ҫһİۡ
ûʶԼĻҲ࣬൱īͬʱû˻Ҫѻ˵ɢ͵ġ
˵꣬ѾѾǣˣǸͬʲôòͬƭ˵Ҫ׵ģûгְɣ˵Ҳδ̫ƭ˰ɣ˼ҵʵ֣סͲ֪ʹӦˣ
ҿ㻹ŸɴģòǴ˵гü޲ȥ˰ɣ
ǾǼ޲ȥˣҲܼ޸ƭӰҿҪ˵Ļɴ޸ߵҲͦõİ
˳ûҿ书ҲնץˣҪǼ޸ˣԺĺӣӦò̫ģԽ书ǳˣԺ˭书ԸӦΪֹ˰
ճĻŵɫףҡͷ겻Ҫ˵ˣ͸ûпһ
˵֮һǴؽѽ˵㰡Ͳ˰Ȼǳһ㣬ӣˣ㻹ʲôҰЩ˵ģܲܳײҪǵͬͬ⡣
Ҫ㲻ȢӣԺҪǲ׵ĻⱲůﶼûˣʱͺȥɡ
㣬㿴˵öԲԣ
˵ʵ̫ϸˣԸ㱻ƭҲԸִ㣬ֱӷ˰ɣŻ˷ӣ˷ʳ˶Բԣ
ճѾѾͬʱ鴤ǡ
˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
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꿴ѾѾ񣬾֪ʲôǿͷ͡
ѾѾȻԭǸٸƶС͵
˵֮䣬Ѿȥ˵ľźŷӣӸķӱЩ룬ӦǴƶϵķһ


690 ˵ʵ

źŷһ俴µլӣլӺܴģﶼǶһݡ
ͬ˵һסģѾѾû뵽Ȼôƴ֣һסҲסôķӡ
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691 ϶ͨ

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Ϊ˲ü֪Ѿǵ֣ᾡǽӴġ
ñȡͲһˣҪˣǿ϶Ϊȡֲüˡ
ճ룺ԣҵȥԼߴֻȸȡСڴǵԸȡġ

ҳȥôãĽûҹң
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ˣСùôţôҪ϶ǿʼˣСùҲǵģԼûԣΪԼ϶ޣҲ뿴ò֮ûˣڻ˭ںòġ
˼ȢϱȥҪĸ԰µģСùɶҲûģֻҪ΢һµˣ϶ܲġ
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˵ҪеĹģ͵ű͵۰Ͱ͵ظűߣԼҲ㶪ˣ⻹˭Ұ
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ӣǶˣҪȥ𣿡
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692 ΪСù

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ϾѾѾֶֶŮղſ˵ˣҪȥȰǵүү̵ףСù׵ʱ͸ϽСùü޳ȥ˵ġ
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ֻЩϧԺֻܺúøСʮùϵˣſԾȥǼСùõ١
ʮҶô߾˵ĻЦߣȥμҲȿԼûȥμӲС
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694 

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ѾѾСʮƁ⼸μմˣͳΪѧԺеˡ
ÿ첻Ǿһʳ죬СȥˣѾѾҩ书
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Сùã֪ı˭˵һ𣿾ʮõһˣȻҶ㻹˸ڶɸˣʮ˵۾ͷˣȥ콱ʱ򣬻⿴ҸСʮһۡ
ȻҵٵöãҾô˵УõĿ϶ʮǺܹģ϶ֻΪʮǸԲŹ⽫ھ
Ҷ㣬ô˵ȷʵõģûпپȻñʮҪãһΪֻʮȥƨء
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Сùá
СʮôѾѾ˵Ҫȥ˵СùòŲǲᵯٵأСùᵯ٣ñǺö˵ġ
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695  

Щε˵ѾͷٴˣؼôҪӣǵö໨Щ˼ȥϴġ
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ҪͺҲǲԣ˾֪飬ҲþҰ
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ЩؿѾѾѾѾˣԼУ㻹ǸϽȰ̫׼óɡ
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̫ϵĺңԽԽϲˣȲҪ֪ӦҪôġ
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ױ֮ǰѾѾҪԡ£ԡµʱĵһһҵ⣬ʵոʱ˵һԼˡ
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ϾԽǸеˣǾԽϧԼ
ԣΪҵĺұΪҡӺҡࡣ
аʨͷͷ޺ͷġññȣڰڸߵ࣬мһ㶼ȽϹǧһ
Ӻƽ񻯣ȻǮˣҲһЩõƷ֡
гʳú⣬дԼһٶִС⣬Ƥ񣬸޶࣬غ·ĺңҼȿƺҡֿ̺ңܹǹֿͣΪղأ˱
࣬ӼˣٻСƽգ޲Ϊһ͸ĺҶԺ
רȥһҵЩңܴ׬һʣ
Ҫǣ֪Һô˲࣬Щҵļ۸Ҳ͸ͨһ


696 ڸʲô

δһЩһԺõĺҾ˵ʱۺƷλ
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ѾѾķװ̫ȥ׼ģ巨Ĳϣߣõġ
ѾѾһ߳ʱ򣬰Ѿ˵̫ˣ̲סס˺
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697 

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ŵǣģģҲһ˿覴õӣȻһͲĹﵯġ
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698 ๫

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ͬģ⵰ҲǳԳӣλҪǰȥԤ

㻹һػ׬ӣ˴λϵٳӮˡ
֮ĵڶ죬ѧԺ壬Űݷá
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699  òĲõ

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Ǹ̫ӣȷܸҸԺҪϵˣϣΪǧһ
ǰδеļᶨҿԡ
ţ㡣

ĽأҶôˣôûй
ѾѾһᣬЩ֣Ҫ˵Ľϲ֪˵Ϣǿ϶ܵġ
֪ĽھסѾѾҶ棬յѾѾңĽϾյϢˡ
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СʮڰѵĶ˹ʱԺֻʹڡ
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Ҫŵ嶼ϣСù볤úÿСùôÿ˿ɲ˰
СùԺĺӿ϶ҲǳÿģȢСù֮󣬿϶Կġ
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700  Ůܲ

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Ҫȥʮһһ׷ʮһ󣺡ʮһүɽϺ䣬㻹ɣȵҡ
ʮһ̫ˣͯ׷ЩϾ
ۿҪ׷ϵʱʮһȻּӿ˽Ų죬һ㣬ɽǲȣ
ͯȻҲǴС͸ʮһһģ츳ûʮһ츳ãⶸ͵ɽϾ˵ˡ
һգ۵ĹʮһıӰˡ
ȵ׷ɽʮһʱһ͵ССм˵ĺۼ۾ܺ죬ûиɵˮ
ߴƿͯһ
˫ССģֶҪСһЩϣȻѪܿѪⶼЩģˡ
ľͷˣϴֹѪûϽó
ͯ־ͽľͷʮһĻľľؽϵҩƿó
ֹѪǳģΪļ׼ģСӶ׿ĿģһƤˣֻҪֹסѪһֱˡ
ʮһӹֹѪۣͶ³˼Сϵȥ
ĩӴ˿ڵʱʹС۴С硭ʹʹ
ʹҲŵ㣬ҪǲѪֹסѪû˾ͻˡ
ʮһɴ³ֹѪ۲ҪǮһƴСϵϣ͵ϡ
ûˣ·ŪҸҲһЩ
Сϡৡһ¾ͺˣҲ֪ϵѪŪˣΪԭŪġ
ͷС˵еģŮӣкӣ˵ˣŮܲף㲻ܿңܸҩġ
ʮһĶͦõģ̲סСͷϣ˵ɵСӣҲСӣǶһģһֲô
ң㶼ҪҪ㲻ϵ˿ڴãȻɡ
Се㱻ʮһ˵ˣЩԥʮһ˵ǡ߿ֻһ˿
ľͷ߿
ͯһͷˮʮһСĶԻһͷˮرʮһߣûŪʲô顣
ѽ磬һҩʹ
úúãôôݣڼﶼԶ𣿶㿴ǶһģеҲеģҪ㲻ŵĻҲ㿴


701 ô

һһ㣬ôôݣѵƽʱڼﶼԶǲﶼ㶫ԣŰǲǣ
УҶ֪ںʲôҶ˵ˣһģеĶҲеģеĶҲеģ㿴ҵҲһӲġ
ʮһΪԼ˵ҲΪ˼ᶨԼĲ²⣬һ˵һ߳С˹ȥ
ͦͦϰҪǲŵĻҲһ£ǲһġ
𣿿Ǹ磬ܲһ£̫ˡ
Сϲˣ˵ˣǵ嶼һģǾûʲôúߵˡ
ÿƭϾ׾ƭģƭɽˡ
Ǹˣƭңƭɽˡ
С뵽ԼףСس
ʮһЩͷۣ˵ˣˣˣٿҲҪ㲻ˡ
粻ܶҲܡ

ͯȻʲôܾԼµʲô˵Ķ
ǼʮһүССģȻ֪˼С
ΪһΪĵĺˣΪӦ˼ССС͵ģײΪһ˸еְҵǣһ£ʲô
ˣҩҲϺˣļأôһ˶ˣôô˿ڣ
ʮһСｫ·ãϸոջװһƿֹѪ۵ĿƿӶʼСһЩʱӦʵ⡣
ѾѾֹѪЧǼõģͼӰֹѪЧֹۣ˸ҩʱЩ⣬Сڼоʲôʹˡ
ɻһֱڿޣ۾ͮͮġ
˵Ҫҳ棬͡ͰҴɽˣ˵ЩҪȥһЩվŲңҡҵ˺ܾãﶼûйңҺҲ
ȻȻֻҰ˳Һ¾ܡǾ׷ҧܰܵܵˡȻǻҧңԼСĵȥˡ
Сһ£˵Ұȥǵ
ҸոձҲȥˣҺˡ
С޵ʵϣìܵһЩЦݡ
ͯľͷһ
СﻹǿȻֻҰ׷ҧֲô˿ڣϻôѪģģӦǱҰ׷ϵʱȥҰֱӾͱҰҧˡ
ãҧҰǸͱȽСĹֻǺĹ㱻ҧˣҲû

ʮһСľͷɽϵСףҲûҵֻܴСȥռˡ
һ·ϣС˸ʮһ־ͽӣǼֺҵ⣬˯ˡ
һֱûѹæ˴СȥͷϢѾѾصʱæѾѾȥС￴ơ
ѾѾ߽ͷʱСѾѹˣϵ˿ֹֻѪۣûĴ
ʮһֹѪ۵ʱеںˣСϻһİɫĩϵ˿ڶ׵סˡ
ûˣմȾѪĵطҲüѾ߸ɾ
ûȫòԼУܹСﳤúܺã
۾е졣
ˮ
һСɽϱ׵׸ֱ֮Ұ׷ҩؾ˯֮Ҳһֱجˡ
СӴ۾ˮסģģģֻ˽ˣɿ˵ĳ࣬ǵԼ˯֮ǰһĵС磬˵Ҫؼҵġ
Сļˡ
ǽˡСæ۾ԴѾѾʮһʮһ׺Ư
ѾѾصͰɴժ¶ľԼԭò
СĽˣʮһ˵˺ܺõģ԰ҲָңҿԺ𣿡
ѾѾҡҡͷҲףСùõġ
СﻹСֿķϣԭ˵Ĺ
С˫һӾˣʮһ˵ģСùҿԸʮһһһСù𣿡
ԣѾѾͷȸ㿴ϵ˿ڣҪǲãҪ˰̺۾Ͳÿˡ
Сոʮһҩʱ˵ĻҡͷСùãҲ̺ۣȻʮһͲϲˣʮһղž˵˿̫ˣҿģ϶û˿ڣûа̺ۣҲа̺ۡ
ѾѾæŸС鿴˿ڣһʱ֮ҲûעС˵ʲô
ڸСҩʱ򣬿û˵طЩˣšüһ䡭


702 Ƕ

ѾѾڸСҩʱ򣬿û˵طЩˣ뵽ĳֺܿµĿԣšüһ䣺ǲˣ
С֣ˬӦţǰʮһģ˵һ̫ˣЩˡ
ʮһ
ѾѾ˲ͺˡ
СåȻ˼С顣
Ϊʮһĳ鲻֪ҲˣȻ֪ˣǿ϶ҪΪ˼Сֻعġ
ѾѾСﴦ˿ڣСڴϼһᣬ֮Ϳʼټλ˹Ҫ¡
ˣѾѾȥǴ˹
ѾѾȻǶˣǲʲôҪ飿
ĵĸӲŸճ£ȫְ̰֣ڱźӣ˯ء
ѾѾ࣬ûкҪ飬ǹӵġ
庢̫ˣ˺ܾòŷӦĴӾʮһ
ͬʱҲһʱûмʮһˣʮһѾѾһÿնؼңȻкܶ춼ûмʮһˡ
æʵǳСӸʲôˣ
˼Сס
ѾѾһһʮؽʮһĻ˵ô޲߲ѡ
ˣСӾȻ
úݺݵһӡ
үϵһʳõĺҳ˹ȥʲôУʮһ˶̳ģ
壺
ˣڲʮһʱʮһ飬ҪôȰɡ
ʮһףʱܱ侲֮һ
ԣʱӦҪôȣҲôˣʮһ˼С飬ǾȶװɣСӶ˼С︺УȻСԺô޳ȥ
ԣȶס
ףȶ
嶨׵֮󣬻˼˵ĸ顣
ǣССʮһôԼδޡ
ֻǣڻһ⣬Ҫ׵ĻҪȥӵĵҲǼ˵ܶģҲ֪⺢ӵĵģ
ʮһ˵СǱƭ֮󣬶ɽϵģҲ֪ĵ᲻᲻Ůˡ

ռҵҪС˻ָ֮ȥҵʱš
һһŮ
еĿʮˣ壬ţ䲻ᣬȻ
ϴŵ·ǺܺãֻǻɫĴֲ£ҲûдκζװƷȴܸɾ롣
վԵŮӵǱܶ࣬ǶʮͷģŮϴɫĳУϲ϶϶żֵƵƷžµױݣ͸һǱһĹ
˶ԱǮ˼ҵķ˴Ǽҵһ㡣
ŮӵϻһЩ鲻Ըİı£ԼܿһЩӡǱ֮Ƶġ
ǱѾѾһǰʱԶ׼żʵǼҵСǲǴɽϴһСؼңǸСңֽӵġ
ѾѾǶһۡ
ɰǸջڳ֪ôҵСĵʮһСﶨ׵أСļ˾ˡ
Ҳô׾ͽСｻȥġ
ѾĸӣոΪ׼ŵİЩ䣬˵ʲôˣ
ףģǹȥġ
˵Щ죬ĺżֺܵĵӣߵŮҪ侲࣬żǣЩԸ
ѾѾüЩŴ綼ôȻͬˣȻǷޣ
Цһ£ߣȥҪȥٰ֮ǿϣûҰҧ;ﲻٶһΣҰҧ𣿡
Ұҧ
ʲô˵ӱҰҧˣ
˵һӰθˡ
ͬʱȻתߵŮˣ̧֣žһ£صشϡ
ոô˵ģ˵ֻɽվŵ㣬ȥģôҰҰҧ㶼֪㵱ʱڸʲô
ߵ嶼ڷ
ֿǣҼӣôˣ˵زأ

֪ڹϵӣԴȥӡ
ӱϾСǱҰҧˣʮһһʱͰֹסѪɻǴڻᷢ׵ĿԣõľռңԷʲôͻѾѾܼʱҽ
Ӿͬ⽫
ͬʱҲҪչӡ
һʼЩ鲻ԸŮҲ֪ôȻı⣬ҲҪ
ȴѡһԺﵽ߶ûӵķ档
ЩˣѾѾȥ֮߳ӵһԵͤȥ˵


703 ȰȰ

ӱ˺ҧ˿ЩȻȼʱɻЩף˷ա
ѾѾȥӰ˸ҩ֮󣬴ӿͷһԵͤȥ˵
ķ紵˻ͦģѾѾǿܳΪյˣһʲôӰģһ
ֻǸѰϰգΪ̫æˣ·ûüЩˡ
紵öЩ࣬ƺûʲôо
һѾѾϾ׷ʣôˣûʲô󰭣
û£ֻЩҪ㡣
û£Щ֣̿ЩεؿѾѾʰɡ
˵ｫƭɽ϶ģ˵˵ôӶˣҲһ£𣿡
ӶҪʮһˣԺֶϱˣѾѾԼбҪһӵļͥ
ЩߣΣѾѾԥһᣬӵ˵
ȷʵҲ׵
ĺ۰ӣôһŮ޲ðԼеĶˡ
ֻͲô۰ˣ۰Щӵġ
Ҫ׵˵ˡ
ǰüͽıڵֺ֣ң΢һЩ
ʱûԸ޸ȵˣԸ޸ʱʮˣʱԸ޸Ĺ඼Ѿ޹ֱ˵ģЩѸҲһЩͣΪòãطвȱָԭ޲ȥġ
׶ûЩ
ʱҪ޹顣
˵ĺģǼ޵ģ˭Ҳ֪ʵʾǽˣһʼʱҲͬģܸˡ
Ͼ֮ǰҪﻹкֵܶܽãӹøǼˡ
³ûԣҲûԸȢ
һӼ޵еҵ׵˼ҼһʼʱǺܸ˵ģڸӵʱ򶼻Ǹ˵ģģ͸һһ
ÿ춼û֦չģǶͷƢġ
Ӷôˣ˵ɷˡ

ʵ̫ˣȻӶԶɽϾԼˣѾˣӵˣұˡ
ţļ£ҲܲţΨһĵľֻӵİΣҪûչ˺ӣǼﲢչ
ˣҪ˵ĻҲ˵ˣɩлҪ˵ȥǰɡ
ѾѾӻ֣˸Ƿ綼û˯Щˡ
Щ֣ôˣƫҪҸСѾͷ˵ˣҲʵʵذԼ˵Ķ˵ˡ
ôҪԼ˵
˶Ůǲ̫ˣȻô
˵Ҫչ˲ùŮǾʹΪչˣ
ɻ󣬸ȥ
忴˼ֲ˼ε˵ûн̺ǸСӣԡ

˶µģôͿؾʹӦӸʮһ׵顣
ȵӵˣӻؼҵʱ϶Щûлζշ顣
ԭΪôͲиŮ϶ҪȱܶŮģû뵽ϵˣȻҲܸһڲΪ׼
ֻŮͱȱС˺ܶѡ
һģռҵĴլӣﶼǲᡣ
ϳʱ򣬿Թ嶼ûȫôס첻𣿷Ǽôôŵķ䣬Ҳסţ͸סźˡ
Ӷ˶ˣ˵Ӧø˵һµģȴû顣
ûᣬӵռ֮󣬾һֱûи˵
֮ûӣ֪֪ʲôģôڻʹԱôôõլӣҵʲôϵ
ˣҲ¹ʲôϵˣǾ㣬Ժ͸úúõر𱨴ǣ֮㶫лǡ
ԺҲҪǶС
üͷ

ʮһӶ׵飬ʮһԼҲ֪ͬġ
Щ⣬Сʮȷʵӵˡ
ʮһδˣСùõ»û䡣
ȥȰȰõȥȰȰүǰɣһķڣȢ˱ˣСùԺô޳ȥ


704  

ĽɹռңСʮߣ͵˵Ļþһ䡣
ȥ֮ͽ⻰תĽϡ
Ľϵͷ
ڣҳȥһˡ
еĳȥ߳ţ߳ţֱ뿪˾ǡ
δ֪ѾѾ
ȴĵռҵй¶Ϣ
ռ˵У͸ڸѾѾֱŤһ
үӴӳϻ˵Ļӵķ֣˵ãѾѾôɫҪȢ˶ȥˣźƣ⺢ҿͦõģĽϣԼǳĶӣͲҵġ
ѾѾһҪء
ˣҲ˵ˣҲ˵ˡ
Ҹո˳ʱ򿴵źƣҪǼ˵һǺúд
źԴӿ״Ԫ֮󣬾˾ǣ˺Ժ׫
Ҳᵽ
˵ںԺıֺܺãпְֻˡ
һУҵźһŬˣүӶźԽԽ⡣
źҪ𣿡
СʮһźҪ˲Ľϡ
Ǻܺðź֮󣬾ȢСùþˣźҲ״Ԫˣź㣬Ҫǵȵʹ˲ܵҲû֮ǻԻؼȥ϶žˡ

鷿ڣϷ·һ˼һ
࣬˵˵ʲô뷨
Ͽˡ
ֻؿࡣ
ߣ쳰Цҿţڿôǽѣ˵÷ӳ͵Żϳͷɡ
࿴һ࣬Ƶ˵ϣ֪⼸նڿ飬õ
룬ͷаɣǾ˵˵
ࣺ
һ࣬˵ϣս˵߹ս³ԽΣ֮ΪҪԮ֧Ԯ
֪˵Щģڵ˵ʲô
ϴĻ
Żϲע⣬Ӻݵصһۡ
⺦˵Ķ
Ļô顣
Ҫ˵òãûĻϷַпܿٺ»ġ
һҧ˵ΪȻôǲԴУôǿ֮£ɳٱҲͽ͵ģΪӦ֮֮ȻҪзǵҪǿС
ǵӦҪһЩսʱ򣬾ͿԸصΡ
ţȻ˵ĻҲ뵽ˣ⻰Բ󣬵ĿǰҲֻˡ
࣬㽫ɺҪ顣
ʤʥּó

鷿Ļ黹ڼ
ѾѾɶ·;С
ʱһҶܾûмžǸȥ
ȷ˵ǳžǵռҸȥռ֮˵ѾѾȥ˻ʹֱҵʹ档
ʹѰ˵ֻԶ۶̤ĵطǶЩ˶ԣ͸Լҵĺ԰һȥͽȥ»ʹſ˵Ҳǰѡ
鷿ſڣŵĹ뽫˸ߣɴȫǣǰȥƿ鷿š
̽ͷ棺ͽ𣿡
ϻڴ󳼳ſȥ
ô³çƿ鷿ĴţϲûǸˣվãҪȥæ
⻰ʶķӦǸϽţ˳ȥװԼû
ȵȰͽܣǱ顣
ϵ鷿洫
鷿ڴ󳼻ǵһοô˵һЩɵۡ
ŻϲעʱĵؽʤߣǸʲôˣϺȻҼװ


鷿ڵ˶һ
ϵȻ󣬿ǻһ˵ݣȴȻ١
ǸԸĻƾ书ƾܹȡϵĵλ

书õˡ
ϵ˶׷еԺ
ڽϾһӦ
ֲôԴϣ϶û
˰ֹš
ܿ˿ʼµʡ
Ǹոûǵͽܵģͽ˭˵Ըͽܵͽô
ôˣҪܳΪеıͽܣǲζ˾δˣ
ָտһ鷿ѾѾ棬׼뿪ȥĵطҡ
󣬺ȻʹѾѾʦҲ˰Ǹպãһȥɡ


705 ֲ书

󣬺ȻʹѾѾʦҲ˰Ǹպãһȥɡ
־ͱ˽ȥ³鷿ڡ
˿̵ȴȫûпϸ鷿ڵλ󳼡
ͽҿǿˣ֪ҵÿˡ
кܶ໰ѾѾ˵
ˣʦͽʲôȥ˵ȹһ¡

鷿ѾѾɶһ
ΪѾѾɶһЩŹֵĶǻҲ֪ģ뵽ǿ϶ҲһЩ˲
ȥ˼Կ¹
ͬʱҲõһ
ﳯ͢ѡһ֧Ӣ飬ȥ߾֧Ԯܴ
ֽѾѾΪ˱߾̵飬µҲûʲôȻͽ
ȻֻǸڳ֮ǰʵһ꽫ս޲ʤ꽫ܸ֮Ϲ޵й֮޲ġ
ѾѾӵþЩ鲻Ը
ɡ
߳ʹ֮ɾ͸ѾѾ˵ȻҲϵͳҵϵͳֻϵͳĸϵͳѣĶܵһֻһЩʳĶûУϵͳôȫ档
飬ǰﲻæˡ
ѾѾǵһ⻰ֱӾһһ˵Ļ𣿡
һһȷ⣬ǵĹܶǱȽϵһģҪôֻ֪һЩʳҪôֻ֪ҩһЩʲôֻ֪֪ԼϵͳϵͳԴϵͳ̳ڿԶһĶǱ֪Ķһµġ
ζţ飬һ鸺𣬵ʵϣֻԼѡ
ָѾѾռˣνҲסռңѾѾҪæȥ飬ҲûȥνֱӾҪ˼Ϊɣ˷䡣
ָС˵ģ¹õǴڣڵɱˣΪļޣޣյĴӦûĽ׶Σ̸Ƶġ
һȱԡ
ȻڿֱӴϵͳ̳һⲢ㣬ڴ̣Ҫ϶ǲٵģһһѻ֣ȫǶһģϵͳȫֶ
ԶһͼֽһʺʱıͼֽʱȥҲһҪһЩȻ±߹صս²ˡ
ԷǴڣҪڶʱڽҪԣɱҲҪһġ
ѾѾ˽һֱִ֮ѡˡ
Ҫھ齨һ֧Ӣӵ´˳ȥ
Ҳ֪ͬʱ֪ӢӵĳԱɲʿǣĵ˶ܹѡ
ʮմѾѾٵúõĴУοԼȽϺ֮󣬻ָ
ϢһȥӪﱨ
ѡ˵ĵصھӪ档
ԨûŮĴͳ˿ԴӾŮҲԣֻҪŮܳԿ࣬ľС
ֻҲûŮ˻ȥξ
Ϊ֪ѡ˵ƽЩ鲻ȤŮӶȥμˡ
ʮʱҶҲ
ҶȻΪ˵õȥ߹ش̵ģΪ˿
˵ʮͷδס
Ҫ޸ǲܵˣҪܹ޸ҲǿԵġ
ʮǱǸǲǳ
ҶָȺеѾѾ
ѾѾͼѾãѾȥҲˣǵֺһѡ˵ʱҲûоܾ
ֻȥѧԺ˼٣˱ܱѧԺҪһЩġ
ѾѾˣСʮʮһҲ˵ġ
ʮûʮһֻСʮѾѾ
ߣ
һѾѾʮͲǺܺá
Ҷ˵ʮ˵᲻ҲΪӢһԱǳֲ书ѵԼȥʩѹԲñԾͼ뵽Ӣ棿
֪Ҫȥ̵ҪĴӦҪˣȥҲǸҵİɣ
һǹҴ˰̸ô죿
ʮѾѾߵ˵ң
ֲҼҵϷҪĸôҾȥǰ״¹عҵʿ϶ֵġ
ţӦòȥֵġ
ǳôôûзִأ֪ԼȥҲҵģҪ˷Ѵʱ䣬еĴöӵ𣿡
ҶĻΪѾѾڹϵӶһøеʮڸӵˡ


706 ʦ

ʮݺݵصһѾѾԽĲˡ
Сùãʮˣǲֶʲô
Сʮʮ񣬺ѾѾ
ѾѾûаɡ
ΪλҪˣ˵˶֮Ҳˡ
һС࣬ʮ֮Ѱҵʮһ
ʮʮһΨһͽܣʮһҪ뾫Ӣӵ飬Ҳʮ˵ˡ
ʮһʱʮˡ
û뵽ʦȻôô죬ˣʦ˵ʦһʦģѵʦõʦǾͽˣ
Ҷæ̬ϲʮϲʮ
ţһȥ֮ͺúøʽҫҫ
ʮǳױȲģͽʲôǡ
ҶƨĻʮ
Ҫ֯һ֧Ӣ飬Ƕھʿģʱ̵ʱ򣬶İţҪһģܹ书ǿˡ
ԵرƳһҶҪѡľӢӵҪһ͡
͢ɸܴԮʮĴֻӢȴǶ֮ġ
ҲѾѾ֣ɻлϼĽ
оɱܴҲҪзͬɱĻʱ֮ڿ϶ûʿһġ
ֻһرڵˣȥ
һرڵ˾ǵľӢӣԤӻһǧɡ
Ϊ˿ѡܹΪ͢ЧģĽ죬ѡ˷Χˣ߲ڲڣκξԼģԸΪЧĶμӡ
˵ķʽܼ򵥣Ǳ̨
˻ʮС̨
˽з飬ֱʮС̨Ͻбԣһֱʤģǽڶ֣ڶʤģ֣ѡһǧ
Գǩķʽз顣
ҶȻֵģҲǡ÷ֵʮһ顣
ܼʮƨˡ
ʮҶվһ̨ǰ档
ʮĴһ£һûпѾѾֿķֶӣҲͬûѾѾ
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Ӧ֮ԼȥвԲòԾͼ뾫Ӣӵģֻû뵽ԵģʽģҪŪٿҲУԼˡ
ڮѾѾֺʮ棬Ҷƺһֱúܺá
ߣ˶졣
еú磬֪һЩ˲֪Ϣ
˾˵˵𣿽ͽҲˣ˵Ψһͽأ֪Ϊͽܵ˻˭أ
ǺãȻܳΪͽܣԽ̵书
ȻΨһͽܣ˵òһ˰ɣ
˵Ϊͽܲŵģ֪жϲͽܡ
ʮҶҲ˵Ļˡ
ʮ˵ͽҲˣ϶˾ԼʦãԽصⲻѡ
ʮһҪ뾫ӢӣҲҪԵġ
Ҳ˸ƣʮһܹμӱԣĻôСͱ˸ˡ
ʮһ棬Ե˳ŵñȽϺ棬ʱ䣬͵һʮ׼䣬Ҫʦ
ҵʮ֮ʮһû˵ͱѾѾ
ѾѾüͷʮһ߹
ʮһ㲻Ӧġ
һ꺢ӣʲôأҪȥأⲻȥ
ʮѾѾôʮһ˵æʮһǰ
˵ʲôأʦӦóѵ书ʲô֪ˣ͸ó𣿡
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ʮˣٴεʮһǰ˵ûʸʦ˵Ҿ㣬Ҫ㲻뱻ʦѵĻ͸Ͻ뿪
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һǳСùÿ϶ֹսģǳɵͽܣȻôСù˵
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ʦ
ʮʮһᱻѾѾ۸Ȼ󻹲һ֡
˵
ʮһһʮתͷѾѾСùá
ѵ
ʮŵĽϡ


707 ͽ

ѵһ
ʮŵĽ˵ϡ
ͷӲģŵתʮһ
ʦʦ
ҪʮһǲڸЦʮһʱ͵ǳ졣
ǣʮĲٳ
ֻ۾صţصɨѾѾʮһ
СùãҿԽ͵ģҲǹҪͽܵģԼģҿ̬ôϿңҲʧֻôӦˡ
ԣͺʦ𣿡
ѾѾ֮ǰ֣ʮͲǺϲӣȴָôĶ
Щʱ򣬵ȷ˵Ҫ͸ʦõģڸ꣬ʦжô
ʵǸʦþ
ʮһ˵ͷ
ܺãĳʮеʦˣȻⱲе⣬ʮкˡ
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Ŷ
ʮһ鲻ԸظѾѾ
ѾѾʮһ飬ս֮ЩϷʵؿһ𾪵Щס˵ʮеķӦЩˡ
˵ʮܲɵģҾǸر𾴵ˣ㿴Ҫ溰һʦȻ֮ǰǺϲ㣬ڣҲǺϲ㣬ҪǺһʦõĻҲǿԴġ
ѾѾü
ζʮ㡣
ʮζʮһʦʦľ˵Ǹùãʦã
ʮһش𣬿ֱ˴ϡ
ԭֿѾѾ߹ġ
ͽʲô㲻˵ҪΪʦȥһ˵Ϊʦء
ôμӱˣȵǴľȦҲõʱˣĻ˵õȵġ
ǲһֱŵģ֮ǰѾѾ͸ˣ¶֮ѾѾͻȥһҪˡ
ͽ
ʮȻһ£ҪѾѾһѣŻ˫ȷˤڵϡ
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ˣʮһЩʲô
Ͼĵʵʦãڸʵϵٵ֮ã֪ʦõʦأ
ʮôķϣѾѾҲˬ죺ɡ
Ŷ
ʮܵѾûʲôòˣϾѾѾʦõ飬ҲѾѾͽܵ顣
ȻѾѾɵͽܣŻþȡ
ʮԵĴм䣬ǰ˶Ѿֵ꣬ˡ
"ʦãһ£Ͼʹ
ʦãʮԼʦʦˡ
书ˣӳ书ǿŮˡ
ʮ֮ǰֻһЩȭȣʮһѧ˼书ʮһһ׽Ϊѧϰʱ仹̫̣ûһ׽ϳʱõȻ֮ǰһ׻ȭȡ
ʵԸû书ӵ˻ܿ
һӣ׻ȭȾûʲôˡ
ǹУͱ̨
ʦ߰ɣҴȥˡ
ѾѾֱת
ʮϾǸԴֲأ֮ûб࣬ҲûףҲȱ첲ȣ·ҲһһյģǳسѾѾ
ʦãȵҡ
ʮһ˵һʶҪץסѾѾѾѾȵ
һӾ̫ߣѾѾɴ
ʶԼʲôʮͣ½ŲҪջ֣æ֮£һСĳѾѾϵɴ
ѾѾɲǼ䱩¶ǵľɫסݣϤݡ


708 Ҫ

ʮԼһȥʮҪ鶼Ҫࡣ
һҲȥʮκһ춼Ҫô̼
һ쿪ʼôΪѾѾͷá
ʮ¾ͱ̭ˣǾƤزѾѾǣѾѾһߡ
ѾѾԭҪȥ˾ηǵصҵʱ滨˵ˣηľȥӼպˡ
ӼҲھǣھǱϵĴׯ棬ѾѾұȽԶһһؾ͵һʱ䣬ľȥһˣҪŻ
ѾѾӻûѹʱ򣬸ӵ⡣
ֻܶε˵ʦܱǸҪˣڲֻܵٴȥˡ
νӦû£˾ͲҲУʦҲǸæˡ
ѾѾǺһ£ǲˣ˻ڵġ

ҪȥӪˡ
ʮƨһѾѾ
ѾѾЩ˸ɽ￪ʼҩ
հҩ׼ã滨ţӣ
ᵽĿֻһǾط࣬طʱæŸһ׼⹫İʮ٣Ѿܾûҹˡ
ѵʲôҪ飿
ѾѾɻƿ߳
طѾվſˣһѾѾʱͿɥ
ѾѾ˵ôźãҴҲ֪ˣȻҪȢǸһˣҾʵ̫Ծˣһ֮ǰƭ˵ԼʲôҽĵأҸ֪֮󣬲ˣھȻ˵ҪȢ
Ժ󶼸ƭһ飬ҲԺиƭɩӰ
ѾѾҪȥҸ翴ɣǲĳˣ
ѾѾЩ⣺˵ҪȢһˣ
Ǹӣ֮ǰϾҪ޸ھȻҪȢһ
ǰطſϣȻ͸ĸ˵ҪȢǸһֵĸĸͬˡ
Ҳ֪ǸһǲǶʲôͷˣôͬҸȢһŮ˰
ǼҾÿֻܾһˡ
ѾѾüͷȥôǺϾӴ٣ǶǸǵˣ֪棬ӦòῴһĹŶԡ
ѾѾпһһɣȻҪĳˣһжˡ
طѾ϶˿϶Ǽ˱˽ͷ֮Ķʶ棬þֻѾѾܹﵽˡ
ѾѾԥһᣬҡҡͷӲϲңҲͲǰˣҪ˭ףԼľĿֻܾǿһѡ
ҿ
ط඼Ҫץˡ
ʱһ


709  ʧİº

ط඼Ҫץˡ
ʱһڰԺĶΪһ˵һϲԺӣǣȻҪԺӸóˡ
ⶼûг׾һǳˣǺ⡣
û£Ҫ޵磬ֲҪ޸㣬Ҳ̫š
ǣʲôһģֲҪ޸㣬ʲôûŵġ
ʮһֱѾѾԺѾѾҪʱ򣬸ˮġ
طĻ߹һ졣

һգĽûг֡
ѾѾѾˣ֮ĽҹˣҲġ
ӢǱ˵Ѿǧѡˣǧ˻ҪٽмֱԣȷӢӵճԱ
ѾѾҴҲģҲصԼɽׯȥֻȥ˴ܣʱʱָ˼䡣
ʦã㶼֪ЩμӱԵ̫ˣܵõʦָ㡣
ʮһظѾѾߡ
ѾѾŶһͼ
ĲѾһˣֻ֮ǰͼЩûпѾѾһ޸ġ
ʦãʲôʱ书Ҳһ
ʮڴſϣѾѾ
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졣
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ÿ죬ҪһٵʿǲսϣǶġ
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Ҫץʱ
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Ľϱ˶٣ҡҡͷ£ҶѾѾģ϶Ҳҵģôֻϣܹһ׶ѡ

ǵĻôдģҲûа취ˡ

޷飬֮ǰĽΪĹҲ֪飬Ƕ֪ѾѾĽϵĹϵѾѾǰĽϼ䣬˹
˵˰ãʲôҪģпյĻ⽨飬ҪԽӹˡ
Ҽ֮ǰһֱæ飬ҲûڴģҪȥ飬Ҿûռ⿴ˡ
Աɴ۾ӵĹͣͲӰ㷢ˣ
Сʮ㤵ص۾
⣬ȻѾʶСùźÿ£ӵȱ㣬Ȼ
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޷ĽʵѾβǽҪĹ߲׵нԱŵסúþС
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ľ֮ǰڴʱ򣬳˼ְǼҵ⣬Ҳȥ濴ԼͣѾѾǲֻ棬һЩ
ｨ˼ľзȥıߵģΪⷽ棬ľҲǸרҡ
˽ľ˹ľ޶깤ʱ䣬ѾѾŻȥ
תһȦȥϴͬȥĵط
ͬȥĵطһͦķ棬֮ⷿǰ깤ˣΪֻѾѾҲûŪöá
ǽԭʲôɫľʲôɫģҲֻ΢ŪƽһЩѡ
ͬȥĵطذϵѪҲڣûô
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֮ǰɶȥõģֻǹȥۣٿû⣬ܲܶѡ
׼ΪҵӣȻҪӣ϶Ҫսپġ
֮ǰ͸ϸ̫ңӦѾк֪ܶˣЩ˺ܿͻҵ顣
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ҵ飬ȥˡ
Сùã˵ˣη̸滹ͦ츳ģԭ̸ļ۸ҪһЩɺηȥ̸֮󣬼۸ˣ˵ʱ̸ʱҲڱأﶼη˵ˡ
ηӽ֮Сʮȥʲôʱ˳Ż˺ܶ顣
ѾѾͦ죬ԭηȥѧ书ء
û뵽óľȻ⣿
ηģ
ĸȥ¥ˣĸ˵˵е٣ηȥЩ


710 ӣҪ

ΪʲôЩڣ
¥ôãĸ粻ȱڰֻ˵Ҵ͵̫ˣøĸȶѡ
ѾѾ

룬ȥǵĸ磬ηˣҪηǮ
һͿʡ²øηǮˡ

Ľʧĵڶʮ죬СʮʮһʮԼĵвүүǰἰҪ㶨Сùøµ顣
һ죬үӸռҵλӶرػϲء
ƽʱڼ˳Է˯ɹ̫ɶɵǣų壬춼رڿ졣
ţֻڿ졣
ָżŮǸǣҪѼÿ䶼ɨøɸɾѶʰ롣
ϣСϴżĳǣڳһӿȫϯĲȳ
ڼ£żСܲͷڴڣڴڵСʮʮһʡ
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ɱҪ֡
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Ƕһ͸ʬһţ쾹Ȼôڿ졣
Ŷ˵ѽ
ʵҲûʲôǽпҪ˶ѣүүǴ˸СùöףԽôӵġ
ôûѵһΣҪһЩӡҲǣ
ʲô
Сʮ͵վǶֵˡ
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ЦЦֶʶɣСùҪ˭ף
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һԺӴؼҲõСùÿˡ
ҡͷǣҪĽϹôô£ǲһһӸˡ
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ÿ׳һСʮ
㾿￴СùûҪģСùô㣬ֻӣִ
ôСùöҲûгף
СùСûףֻǱָ߶ѡ
˿ܵõԴװʲô
СʮȻ򣬡ŶҶСùõʵģֶǲãǺСùùŹŵģһֱΪСùͺܴˡ
ɣӲ뱳
˭ҪСùöװǶʶ𣿡
Сʮؼ⡣
ʮһڴؿŶɣҲ֪𰸡
֪ͬ𰸵ĻжǼݶϵߡ
߱ǶһߵӺ͵ģֻߵĹǺܺãǱߵֱȽԶʲô߽һݶˣĴױװڲݶ
ϾвذģӵˣݶҲͦġ
ǡ
ڶҪ˵ǸҶʱڲݶߣΪ̫רע͵ݶûץȣ
һ
˶һ
ʲôˣ
ɰܵûں֮󣬾ؿǰߡ
ʵռҵη׬죬̣ʹվǡҡ
ʲô
ڲݶ
ݶ
ɷſСʮʮһ˺һЩҪż⣬ողݶûݶʲô
дһ߶ȵ˵ĽǶȿȥܿݶɲɾ
ɷһ㶼ɲųгñߵ˿ܻῴġ
СһûӦаɣɾһ㣬óӼȡ
ǡ
ηݶˡ
ǶɱϴȥæˣѾ뿪̫á
Сʮ
ʮһ
иոʹݶη
㶼û˵˭Ҫʲôߣ


711 ɣǼд

ߵ֮⧲СʮǼ˶ûӦ
ſݶϵηЩԥˣҲ֪ҪҪװݶĺá
Сʮʮһȥ
ʮһ۽ǵ⿴ηˣæ˵η磬ݶҪǿˣǼҵݶô࣬ΪǼҺܲġ
η
ôĿݶ࣬ȥҸĵȥ鿴˼ݶ಻˳ҿ
ηȻٶĲʱҲ˵
ֻſȥԹĲݶ
ԼĻѣҲҪԲˡ

ڰеݶˣη۾Żϲصȥӭӿ˵ռˣһѱһᣬǼбĳȥ
ռҴɨ浽ݶˣ֮ĶΧ˼Ҷע⵽
Χ˼棬Գǹռҵ
ΪˣĽһ춼ڵη㱨ռҵ
ͱŵſһֱţһηˣæ˽ȥĽǰ
ռô£Ȼôһɨ㾹ȻǼҵݶҲˣһŵһʳζǼƮˣռ׼Ҫʲôϲ𣿡
Ľһ߿һֱƶҪǰȵСӣ˲ס裬һ׷ηü⡣
ηСŵ㽶
Ѿ붬ˮˣ˵ұͲ㽶
ηûгԹ㽶
СӳԵôģ·ǺܺóԵӣˮ̲סģҲҪһڡ
ĽϵСһۣ˵
СشԼǰ㽶ժһη
ηҧһ㽶ˣŽռ﷢˵
Ȼ򣺡ֲӻôίԭΪԼԼˣź˴ݶ
ҲɵΪʲôҪ˵ڲݶͲ˵޲ݶ𣿡
Ľϵһȵ졣
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714 ׷·

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ߵʱүӴռҵһȺſǵġ
ĳռſڻᱻߵˣγĶԱȡ

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ÿһ˶ѾѾãһǧ˵ľӢܹѵãԸϽȥ֧Ԯ׵ܵܵġ
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үżغѾѾ߰ôʱ䶼ûһùţԵ㶫ɡ
ѾѾѾүӵĻˣѾԽԽſڡ
УҪϽźƹУգϽȥźƴ˵м
үӳſкһ䡣
Դӵ˾֮ѾѾͽүʹˡ
үӱϾǸٵģְҲˣһ֮Ҫûи͵ʹһ˵ȥĲ㡣

ѾѾռҴţֱŷŴ򿪡
⣬ԭվĽϸġ
ֻĽϣϱ߰˸УӲСúܸߣһȥˡ
ͷ紵ЩңܿϣƤЩ죬Ƕ֡
˼ǡ
ѾѾʶššüġ
أ
ûҪ˵ʲô֮ǰ⼸־ѿڶлһЩ𱸡
ĽѾѾûʱ򣬾ѾĽŲ˲¶˼ƣ̬


716 

ĽѾѾûʱ򣬾ѾĽŲ˲¶˼ƣ̬
ѾѾĻſڸҪش𣬲ҳѾѾ߹ȥ
Ȼ˫һŵ˲ζЩȣۿҪϡ
Ľҧһתڵϣװŵ˲νжϡ
һҵϡ
ʹһϡҽ
ǽ֮ͿʼɵЦѾѾױһ˵ұЩ˲ˣ͸㡣
ѾѾ
ס۾Щֱˡ
ոճһ̿ĽһôණվЩۣڣǺǣһһ˵ɵӡ
Ҳ֪Ǵĸѧ⡣
ѾѾû˵Ͻýȥ
ϡ
Ľϱ߰˸˸ߵĽУֻ˫ȵȵ
ѾѾ߽ռҡ
ŷ߹ʱ򣬻سŷͷ
ŷ
ֲȥģʲôá
Ľһ·ѾѾȥԺ棬ѾѾ˲η¡
ûҪ˵ʲôʱ滨˽
ӣŴˡ
ĸŴˣ
ѾѾմ򿪺ӣһ˲γͷҲû̧
֮вѣʲôŴˣˣ˵ģǶôȤ
пս滨һ䣺ԺʲôˣͲøˣҸﶼ˵ˣ˿ˣҶȥӴġ
滨ҡͷЩˣŴҲʶġ
ĽϹȵһУҪѾѾȥ滨ĻסϵϢ΢һ£滨źƣ
ûźŴˣӣ̫үϷ˶ȥ
źˣ
Ӧóȥġ
źô˵ҲǺѡ
˲ζ滨ЩýȥźãСѾѾĽϣ˲ҲյˣҲģǼˣûд㣬Ҳȥɡ
ĽϽոմ򿪵ĸӺϣ֣صû£Ŀ˾ҵĿˣӦȥд˵ģ㣬㲻ǻҪЩǧ˲Ǿٿɡ
滨̫үϷ˵Ժ𣿡
Ľϱ˵Ѿ׼̫үϷ˵Ժȥ
˵Ķ˾·һ
滨ľľӦһǡѾѾ
ѾѾ̾˿ٴν滨Ժ˲ýȥźã֮׷Ľϡ

үӵԺүӶûţźƾȻ֮죬æ˵кźƹ£˶һźһš
ԭճȥźƵʱźƾռҵ·ˡ
үӶźԽˡ
ƣǺúӰ
˵ǼҾǼңô硣
ĳˣ֮ǰ೤ʱ䶼Ǽ
ĳˣүӾ;ԼۻˣȻǸ˾ͳǼ档
ȵȡ
ү۾Ⲣǻþ
Ǽ档
ɫһӺˣĽϣܳôҼң
СӣǼѾѾŪѾѾĸˣھȻҳǼ档
Ҫǹ˼źƻ¸źʲôõӡүڶɨѽĽϸϳȥˡ
ĽǳЦүӣ̬ºǫѷ˵ѾѾҽģѾѾæ˵ˣҹæд¼Ŀˡ
λǼĿ˰ɣźãĽϣСʱӦüģǻҾѾѾһ棬ѾѾѾѾҵ棬ƺǼˣ֪һûӡ󣿡
ʲôǼҼңңҼĿˣûйϵ
үƽʱŵˣ˿޵ƢܺõĽϵʱƺ׾ٵؾܱĽһЩŭ
ñࡣ
ĽУЦݲӦǣǲļңҸѾѾôĸ飬˵ѾѾļ˾͸ҵļһѾѾҵ顣
ѾѾĿҲҵĿˣѾѾûпյʱӦѾѾдһ¿˵ġ
Źӣ˵𣿡
źɫЩ԰ס
һ۾ϳĽϣĽû̫Ľô궼ûмˣһ۾ϳ
ԭΪĽϵ֮󣬾ûѾѾϵˣû뵽
Źӣ˵˵е𣿡
źûлشĽһ顣
źƻع뵭ĮӦȻûеģѾѾֻѹϵѣ͸ҺѾѾһĻеǷҲ˵ͬĻҲͬأ
ĽЦⲻӦŹӿˣҸѾѾ÷ãԺ󻹻ĭĹϵѾѾĹϵȻǲһġ
үӱĽϵĻˡ
ûӦѾѾһСӾ˵
˵ʲô÷ãĭ
үҳԣɲ˵ģѾѾǸװ׵ĻƻŮĻˣǻӰġ
ǣүں˵ЩʲôǼѾѾǽԺõˣûףĻʲôãĭ
źƣ㲻ҪģڿЦѡ
֪ĽѾǼˣԭҪȥ϶æ˹
ǡĽϸոǷס˶ִ˵ĳ嶯ҧгݵظүӵĻ
ĽûүӸ϶Ļһ϶һ硣
϶˭磬Һ
źƣ˵ĻţⶼһԸģǼѾѾûа㲻ĹϵѾѾڶôˣԺѶ˵ˡ
϶վź߽ͣĽϵĹ
źƿһĽϣûʲôһүӣģѧ֪ʲôţʲôǲŵġ
ţԼֱͺãǼţһЩ֪νˣӰǵ顣
ү˿ٴζӡ
϶ҲҪŶӣֱӵ϶һۡ
ʲôûǶûʱдϽȥ
˵ֵʱүӻ⿴Ľһۡ
˼Զ
ѾѾԭǸĽߣһ𵽴ŶԵģ·ϷЩ飬Сһſ޵òʮ
ԭʮˤһӣʮһ鿴˿ڣ㵢Щʱ䡣
ͿүӱкźƶӳԶ϶һɷظĽϳȥĽһȥһүһţΪѣһῴһῴǸҲ֪ô졣
ͦҵһ档
˸
˼ǲҪߵʱĽϿˣܹǣ֣үӲϣѹԡ
Ӹոտʼڸź˵ү͵̧ͷѾѾŮܲ׶ôٸôϽźߡ
϶ţҪźߵѾѾ
źеĻŮģ


717 һ

ѾѾѾԹ緹ˣ϶ҲǳԹģźҲǳԹˡ
һ緹ʵʾֻүӸĽڳԶѡ
˵˺üʮ꣬ϵʱ·𲢲һ
үӶĽϲеһҪԼҵİײ˶ǲġ
ĽϵĲֵþ͸һ
ĽʲôͽŲԼǰȥ
ĽһҪײ˵Ϊ˿ԳɹعײˣȻҪúñһչʾԼĳеġ
ǿүӻûʳȥͼˣһͿԽĲŲȥԱԸӷسԸĶ
һΪĳ£ĽϿʵҪ곤˺üʮꡣ

һ緹үӳԳˡ
ĽϻֻǳԵøոպá
үӵɫˣĽЦ崺硣
Ա𣿻ûĻóٸһЩʳ͹ʲôͷӻڱҲԵġ
ҿոճӣӦǺϲӵģȥ˵͹

үҲﲻסˡ
Ľ֮ʶԼոյǺܺã»ŵźƣæָź˵źƣ㲻ҪᣬֻǿСӣЩã˵ŻģƽʱҶô˵ġ
źƵͷҲģոճôʳ²ҪԺߣ
úúãʡ￴뿴ˡ
үæվ˦˦·ֱ
Ʋͷ̬Щ߰س߳ȥ
źæϡ
ĽҲϣϾǹˢӡֵġ
үӲڣôúñ֡
ѾѾεط˸ۣˣҵӲϲ㣬ͱȥˡ
Ľϣ
ֵôãδȻӲϲ
ôܡ
Ľϣ˵㰡㻹ٿЩ⻰ϵķʵһõİⶼȫñͨģЩ㶼÷ˡ
ѾѾǷǳбҪһĽϵġ
ʡһһ֮£ܾĶͬ⣬˶ףˡ
Ϊʲô
ĽѾѾߣɻЩ¶ؿѾѾ
ѾѾΪ

գѾѾһĽϣٶȵռñǰһ컹Ҫ硣
ʱүӶû糯Сʮʮһûгȥ棬ѾѾҲûгš
࣬ÿ϶ǴСġ
Сʮʮһô棬һӳŵġ
ϾСӾʢˣù緹ܳȥˡ
ſڵʱĽϡ
ĽʾϵĶù
ĽϽӹϵ⣬һСʮʮһ
Сʮʮһ໥˶Էһۡ
Щ̫ԸĽϡ
Ҵǡ
ĽŵĶ
ģͲȻֲͲĶ
Сʮʮһֲסģڻ˹ȥ
ʲô
Ͳ
ĽϽͲݹȥҽô档
һμͲСѣ˲ͱ
֮ǰһֱԸ⺰ĽǣڱʮֵУ˺ü塣
СʮʮһͲ߸˵ˡ
Ľϲûߡ
ܿ죬ϴҲլ
ĽӭȥϻһװŴžһȭͷСĶ
磬֮ǰòռ㽶ӣŴռֲõˣ뽻һ£ܷ㽶ֲ
Ԩڳ˳ɽĽ֮ǰסǸɽ㽶⣬ĵطû㽶ġ
ռ˶Թ㽶ǴӳɽǱ͹ġ
㽶ŴζгԹˡ
ϴһˣĽϵĻʱ۾һæӹ㽶ӡ
ʵϴ󣬶ʱЩִ٣ͷС˵һлл֮룬˵ҾҲǲģҪܶѾѾãҲͬһġ
Ľϳɹһ㽶շһʵˡ
ϴ֮϶ܿʹӴ
϶ڳ⣬ϲһЩӵĶĽϸ׼һ˸˹âʯĿڳġ
϶ǿĽ˳һЩûٵˡ
γĽ϶׼
ȵүӻʱĽүģŭģ֮ܶǲ˸ֲõУһũҵȫȥ
ũҵȫ˼ũҵȫĽµ˼۲ŪģѾѾġ
ѾѾֲʵǺܸȤ͵ȷϡ


718 

һ죬Ľ϶ѾѾţÿ춼֪Ū˺ܶռ˶ϲĶ
ʱ򣬵үӣͷӣźѾûˣҪҪԸ
үһᣬҡͷãĽСźһЩˣȥ˵˵ԶٷóЩֲ˳ˣǼҲǻһЩɱ㣬ɻɺε
Żʱ䣬ǽɣǰڴǸ˵ǶܾûгԹǽˡ
ǽǲҪǰһ컹ǼģԼʱȥţʲôʱһЩ
ϣ
ͷҲ̫Ʊˡ
ǽ׼ʳľҪʱ䣬ȵĽĽ뵽ʱѾ֮
ռǽķѾѾǵġ
Ϊǽʳ̫ԼҪķ̫ʱ䣬Ϊˣռֻһηǽ
ڷǽǰѼʮԭһ̳йͬĻζֱָԵɫгɿ̳֮ʱֻƿҶо˱ǣֱƢƮʮ
ڵĻʹŵռҷǽζ
ռҵ֮ʱǡҲǻʹŵʱ䡣
ʲôζô㣿
غһƮڿеζ
ʲôʰζƷˣζסˣ˵ǵʤÿ춼ֻܿһӵʰζԸѵˣ˿̸Ǻ޲һȥܶһˡ
ʤÿնҪڻߣŸָζˣѾų˾飬˵ػϣǲ˵ζūûųʲôˣֻ֪ζǴռҴġ
˼һȥռңҪ
Ͼһ￪ˣǻкܶģһһȥռҵʱǶ극ˣˣ

ռҡ
Թһηǽռˣû뵽쾹Ȼܳˣڵ֪ǽΪĽ϶ʱϴ϶ǶĽϻһ˿ɼƫҲʧ
϶ԼصİǰѾóҪȥĽϣСҲǵģǰʱææôܶǼأ˵Ҹô㶼ûǶҲġ
ԺɲˣҪʲô£̫æˣԼܹ˵һҲҪҵ˹˵һ
ⱭƣԺԼˣпվͶ
ÿιǽԡ
϶ĵزš
Ҳ׷׹ĽϾƣȻȵĶ϶صһѾơ
Ƕû뵽϶ȻĵһѾƣԽãζԽǴ
үҲƺȡ
ߺȱĽϵļٲȻһõӡ
ѾѾһģһĻЩɵۡ
ĽϵЧʾȻôߣ
ô͸㶨ļˣ
ˣ㻹Ľôȥ˻ģǾҪͺˣ
һһĵѾѾ
ѾѾüͷ
ܡ
֪ĽΪʲôҪѾѾҲûô׾ԭ
ѾѾ㻹ʲôϽ
϶ѾѾæվĽϱϵλó
ڰ֮ǰϲĽϵĳүӣ϶
϶ӣѾѾֻǺǡ
ټһӣھֻʣĽϱпλˡ
ѾѾֻĽϱϡ
ȻĽϸļ̸·Ľϸǲһһ
ǽѾ˵ϡ
˲Ͳ˵ˣҶضŲмķǽ
ʢŵСķǽŨɫ֣ȴ塣
ϣƮ˿
һʱ֮䶼̰ŷǽζǶһӦЩʲô
ʱ򣬷棬һϼݵ
Ũ˵ζеռˣ˺һᣬֱ϶ˣȥӭӡ
ꡭ
˹ڵϣû˵꣬ͱϴϡ
ƽֻǸպ뵽ǣҪѣ񡣡
ҡӣЩ⣺ѽҼǸ׼޿òʱˣҪȥԺţȵǳ극ˣٽ
˵ҪȥԺţжȴȫûҪŵĴ㡣
ˣϵ۾ؿϵķǽʵ֪ҼҵʳãһЩĲȾҼĲ˰ɣ
ǲ֪Ƚʲôأ
ζ㣬¾ڻʹŵˡ
ոջɻôռˣȫһؿŻϡ
ǺǣҲˣҲǵֵסʳջ
үæԸȥ꣬󡰱΢ʻϣϣĻ΢ļһţ
ǿˣô޾͹ˡ
Ͽһ۵ʤʤϽүӱʱճλϡ
ﱾռϴġ
ռϴֻܶȥеĺһˡ

ϿҶûӣʾ⣬Ҷ԰ɣþнġ
šѾѾӦһһӡ
ԵȻǺķ˾ʳķǽ
ǽеöʱŨ㣬ֻ壻ϻΪ͸ζζ
ζ޵ѾѾôŵˣôһ˲Щӻúֵ
ռڿѾѾ֮Ҳʼˡ
ΣֲûһԹϻǻϣֻǴɽʱǶ֪һ˶ٶٷˡ
ǡ
ѾܾûôӵˣûжأҾȻˡ
һ£˷֡

֮ǰĻ᲻ԣүǶһǽ
үӿǽǸɰʱ򣬻Щŵˡ
ռһǻȥ˶ƻġ
װʮˮˡ
֮ԶƸôĹѾѾӰ죬ŵĹСıһЩɴͶ˸ŵġ
֮󣬳Ϊżռˮ֮󣬾ûù
αǽүӻûԲ꣬ʱʣµĿ¿һٻǷָˡ
ҲţҲȵǳԲ꣬ʣµָܹǡ
һǽԵøɸɾ
ϵȴǶҲûж
һϣųԡиˡǣĬĬһᡣ
Թǽ֮󣬻Ҳߣү˵
ո˵ǽҪ׼ʱȥ֪ҼҺȻôĲ˳ʲôֵص飿
үӶûôش
ĽϾͰشˣʵҲʲôҪ飬ֻǲ˵ˣҺܳʱûйԷˣ˶ٺóԵĸҳ
ԭˣ϶ҵļദúܺãǲҲˣ
ң㿴ҪҸ϶ָ𣿡
Ľϵվ񣺡ˣлʾ˾ˡ
үӣ
ѾѾ


719 ϲ

үЩ¡
ȻǶĽϸĹˣǲҪͬĽϸѾѾ׵ġ
һҪָˣǺҲܾˡ
ѾѾҲЩ¡
ȷǽĽôȥֺļˣĽϻûѧôֺѽ
ûԭĽء
Ľϸ˵꣬ʶԼ˵ˣæֲллʾ˾ָ顣
סľͱɻˡ
ֻһүӵ˼ҪҪָ飬ɲ˵Ҫָ˰Ľ⻰žѾָһ
Ϊϣ˵ĻͲܷˣҲֻˡ
ϿүӣЦЦңҲˣ⺢ϲģָĻջˣҲ֪ףмǣˣȶװɡ
үӣ
϶ô˵ˣܾܾ
˺ǺǣǺǺˡ
ʱүӾøոճķǽҲˡ
ͳһٷǽͳĹŮѪ
ϴҲЩơ
ҲѾ϶ѾѾҪĽһˣⶨ׶Ҳ̫ˣǺ޷ġ
ԹĪѾѾ

ϽڶˣѾѾĽ϶׵ʱôǶײǿͷ˵˵ģиʽҪߣǣǶ֪׵顣
˳֮󣬺ܶ˶֪ǰĴӻˣ˻ĽϣĿɻûдɴ
֪þΪˣ˵Ǿǵһӣǵ֮ġ
вڼ֮󣬶һģĵػԼܹΪˡ
Ϣһ֮ĵľǾǵǡ
Ҳ̫ˣôȢⳤôⲻһʻţ𣿡
̫ˣ϶ǸϳʲôҩˣѻԵöģȻԼȥȢίˡ
ͬ˻Ҷ㡣
ҶڵһοĽ֮ҲԼܹΪˡ
ŭڻиҪȥ
ǾҪȥֺʮֻʮԭԸߣҶҲܹ̹
ڣӵ֪ѾѾҪĽ϶׵飬һ½ϵĶȥ
Ӳһž֮󣬱һƬ
ӣڸʲô
һùƿ߽
ӿһۣվһԲسȥ߳ſڵʱ򣬸Ҳûκͣ
һתŶӵıӰҧ촽
ռңѾѾԺȥԺ÷ʢ÷
һ÷£ѾѾĽ϶վ
ѾѾĽϽ춼ѣҽѱѶҪʽһЩ˵ճеԽľˡ
ĽϸѾѾ׵ӡ
ͬʱҲѾѾĽõĵڶʮ졣
ΪǶˣҾһˣʱԻڻġ
ѾѾĽϣϵ÷
Ľڱֺõ˵ţҲôΪʵ֮ǰ֮Բ㣬Ϊܻӭ⣬Ϊ׼ľϲ
ϲʲôϲ
ѾѾŹϵ÷תͷĽϡ
֮ǰһֱ𣿵Ǻ̫鷳ַˣǻͼֽĸˣæ顣
ѾѾĽŵгģͣϲؿڣ˼㽫гˣ
ԡ
Ըȥ𣿡
·ɡ
ѾѾĽϳȥԭΪĽϻȥڵĳģû뵽ĽֱӴ˳ǣȥһɽׯ档
ɽׯֽʲôɽׯֵֹģҲ֪˭ϡ
ɽׯر󣬱֮ǰҽȴǸɽׯҪ
ߵɽׯһܴĲݵϵʱĽ˵ߵȵȡ
ܿˡ
ѾѾվĵط绹ͦ󣬲磬ŵʱĽְñˣڴŷ磬Ҳú䡣
ȥɽׯ
һһ㿴Ǳֵǲ˲Σ
ѾѾԶһդΧ԰棬һЩĶ
һһҲˣӦ˲Σٶڰϡ
ϵ˲԰
˲ǲ㺱ʵ˲λǺѵõҩģǰϵ˲Ρ
һٶֵǧӣҴ޼۵֡
ɽׯﾹȻһ˲Ժӣɽׯ˾ʲô
ѾѾ
ĽϵѾѾѵĿ⣬˲԰ƿתԴķ
һϵģһģһгǰĽų߹
ѾѾڻϿĹڰӵ˵еʱӲһҪģųҲͦÿ


720 ʶ

ѾѾڻϿĹڰӵ˵еʱӲһҪŰ˧ģгҲͦÿ
ѾѾ֮ǰֻһһӰ濴гʱ;ͦġ
һֱԼȥһ¡
ĽϹæס

ǰ棬Ҫšҷ˰
ŲҪͣȣԣҷ˰
ססҪţȣҪͣ
ȣתֱߣͣ
İʱڣĽڽѾѾг
ĽϼǵѾѾСʱһӾѧˣѧṦʱҲ˵ѧÿɿɿˣֻѧгЩ㲻ףôѧôá
ѾѾҲûס
Ǹгôôѡ
ҾͲһѧˡ
ʱѾѾٶϳ
ܺãסס
һΣǰ棬ҪתͷҲ֣һء
ŲҪͣһֱȶͶˣ

Ľ˵˽ʱ֮ӭѾѾһѧˡ
**
ʱﶼѾѾ
ֻһֱԺгЩȤˡ
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ܿ죬ûͦʽе¡صѾѾгĽϳɽׯ
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ĽгʱѾѾ뵽ɽׯžĽϵˡ
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֮ǰˣôϲԺסĵط
ֲɽׯֻô֡
ѾѾֹһ䣬Ȼ򣺡ֲҵҸĳɳԭ㶼ûﳤס
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ĽϿѾѾҪתͷæ·
ЩΣѾͷոѧгôͣҲ·ˡ
ѾѾתͷĽϣǰ̵·
ɽׯڽ⣬Χɽһ˼ҶûУС󳤵ûͦïʢ
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뵽ֻһɽׯѾѾѯʣضģ
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ôլӣһƬ˲԰ӣԼôķϣҪгԭĽϡ
׵ʱݺ顣
ǧĶ֮г˳
ѾѾɽׯﵽ˰ʱȶˣλĽϴڳﶵ硣
Ľ͸ѾѾгǵĶһݡ
Ǿĵطܶ˶гס
ʲôôһܴ˶ģ
ⶫҲ󣬱ˣǲһģǿⶫ֮ĶģͷţҲۣ
ⶫֻҪ˲ۣǲǶϢˣ
ǿٶȻͦģһӾȥǱˡ
ĽϼӿٶȣѾѾһӴӽֵͷ˽ֵһͷ
һ·˺ܶྪ̾гͣռſڡ
ŶСʮʮһǣһΧгתתȥ
Сùãгҿһ𣿡
г𣿡
ѾѾЩĽϻشӸһȥ˵ˡ
Ѿſڵ˺ܾˣռҴſʼҲͬʱ
һѾѾֱһ䣺Ϊʲô
ѾѾһĪؿʲôΪʲô
ΪʲôҪףϲҡ
Ŷϵƶ֣ѾѾüͷݺݵţ񻰱˵һָһĸо
Ҫ˵ٴţҲϲ㣬һ㶼ϲһû˵䣬ôϲ㡣
ҪǻǾƭĻԼˮգһȵĽˣֲӳˣôܷĽϲϲ㣬ȥϲ㡣
㡭
ӵһα裬Ҫ̧ȥѾѾ
Ȼֱץס
Χһɭɱܵ¶ȷ·𶼽˱㡣
Ľϲ֪ʲôʱߣŶӵ䣬䵽͸ڿһһүô֪ҵδϲ˾Ȼ㣿
ֻˡ
Ľ䵽һ˲䣬ĪĽĻŪŪ
Ķͷ亹ݲϵضš
һ֪ĽϾȻô¡
Ľʵϲδ֣ǹ£·һѹ˫ȷҪº
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ѾѾĵվĽϱϣʶӣҵĻˣ
ˡ
һ̣ѾѾĲϲ
ϾĽȣʵ̫ԶˣǹңҲ϶ѡĽϣѡԼ

Ľ˦˦ǽߣصײǽϣĹͷײѿ
һ仰˵Ķӡ
һһأҪڴϰࡣ
˵߿ˣĽϸѾѾվϾǽڡ
ĽһӽѾѾǽߣһֳֻѾѾϣһֻѾѾ°ͣЩΣյڣźߣֲ֮ǰңԭϲ͵ģ
ѾѾһĿĽϵ֣ؿڣҡ
һ뻹߰㣬һ仰ͰһΪǵӸߵˣһ룬Щ˵Ӧúúã˵ˡ
Ǽȥг
ĽضѾѾȻһơ
߰ɡ
ѾѾĽǰ档
ҪǶߵһ㣬ѾѾôĽ˵˵ΪԼ֮ǰѾѾ˵ĻڵҪԾ

ԨûкϸŮĹлԼŮǿһ߶һģֻҪڳ֮ǰֵ̫飬ġ
ʮϹʽܽһˡ
ϹʽʮѡطȥĶȥĶʮ㽫ϹʽܴѾѾ
СʮʮһȥгˣʮҲȥһᣬʦصʱ䲻ܿͻ
ϹʽܸѾѾĽͤȲ衣
ѾѾϹʽܣššüġ
ˡ
ϹʽܿѾѾʲô鶼ûзһѾѾ˵ųѾˣҿҪϲˣֻôһ˲ţܲɣ
֪Ϊ˷ֹȥһЩԭµ飬᲻ȡʲôʩأ
˵ʲôʩʱϹʽܵһӱ𺡣
ʮؿ˵ʲôʩ
ô֪Ҿʳѡ
ϹʽܽⶪظѾѾ
ѾѾһʮ̾̾ܵģʮôһʦãô


721 㾹Ȼ

ѾѾһʮ̾һ
ǺԼʦõˣ黹ôţֻܹ˰
Ϲʽܣ˵:⵹ϹٹӹģϾÿһеĶϹٹ㲻?
ãϹٹھҪôҲˡ
ѾѾ˵һϧӡ
Ϲʽ˫ۼضѾѾ
ָܿʲô֪һ˵ʲôôЩף
׵ĻʮѾѾǰʦã˵⻰ʲô˼ѽ˵ʲôѽ
ûʲôҾ˵˵ѡ
ѾѾЦЦת˻⡣
ѾɴˣЦЦ
һ˿Ц
ϹʽܿЦԴЩ
ʮѾѾĻûа㻳ɵġ
ȻѾѾ˵˵˵ģʮˡ
ֱܿг档
ʦãгŪģ԰Ҳһһ𣿡
Ӧÿ԰ɣѾѾĽϡ
۽ǵ⿴վ滨ڲ
üͷ滨ȥЩ
ǡ
滨ûһ֮ϹʽվʲôҲû˵뿪
ѾѾԶӵķµظʮ졣
Ź˰յʱ䣬ѾѾĵذϵıӣʮϹʽܶ뿪ôãҲ֪ǲҼԺ·ˣϾҼԺӻͦģ˵ҪҪȥأȻ᲻֪ô
𣿡ʮЩɡ
ѾѾͷܻᡣ
ǾȥҰɡ
ʦöô˵ˣʮֻվȥˡ
ҴȥɣĽϣҪһ𣿡
ѾѾʮĽһԺϹʽܡ
Ľ˫ԺﺬƬҶߵա
ʦãԺĴ󣬶ʹˣֲϹʽܳȥôöûҪҶԺ߶ҾҿҲǻ·ġ
ʮƹһƬǰƬ÷ֲ÷ʱп
ѾѾ䣬Ӧš
Ķʮúܶ࣬һƬ÷ʱ÷顣
÷ﲻֻ÷һļῪ¼һһʯɽ
˼ҵԺһʯɽ¶иɽ
ϹʽҲϲµĹӸһ޴ؾϲɽ
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ѾѾװҪɽǰ߹ȥʱʮס
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ɽ棬滨ŵؿǰϹʽܣȫڷ㡭ʲô
˵أǺ˵һô׷ŹҲܶԸѵһܶԸ𣿡
Ϲʽһһؿ滨
㡭㲻Ҫ򡭡ҲŹġ
滨ͷϵӣ׼Ϲʽܡ
ϹʽЦѣ㲻ŹңǺǣЦЦˣôŹңҲ𣿡
ҡҡҡ滨ӵ֣ϵڲ
Ȼ֪ʲô˶ˣ˸һһ㶼ˡ
ƵضϹʽ˵б¾͹Ϊ㻹ܶô
ڶǸˣΪ㻹Ǹ
ڲҲܶô㲻ܶô
ɱңҲǸˡ
һУҵģΪҪ飬Ҳᱻ˸
ӦҲĵģ֮ǰŮӦòٰɣһǵϴ˵㶼ϰٸŮ˷ϵұ֤϶ҸоҸġ
ھ͵ǰúϢ¡
滨һٶᵽԽܵ飬ϹʽܱЩ
㻹飡
滨ʾվֱ壬Ӧ㶼ˣƾʲô˵
ãܺãһ֪ҵĺ
Ϲʽܱ滨ˣҲٸ滨ϻǼҪ˺һ滨˹ȥ
Ȼᣬǽ˺Ҳġ
ɽСе룬ټʯɽһСٲϵˮˮܸסɽ˵
ȥɽɽ˺úܴ
ѾѾ֪ʮߣʮ
Ϲʽܣ
ۿϹʽܾҪץס滨ʱʮϹʽ
һ㡣
Ϲʽ˲䱻ŵñֱ壬Щŵתͷȥ㡭ô
ʮûصϹʽܵĻֱո˵Ļǲģ
Ϲʽܻˣ͵ҡͷ


722 

Ϲʽû뵽ʮ֣ˣ͵ҡͷǡҽ͡
ȻϲʮʮȻʶʺȢؼҵġ
ǼҲҪ¡
ϹټԶϣرģضԳ͢͢һֱܼɵǣҲһֱ취ǼҵıȨ
ȥϽʮͻζǼϱףǼǽԨΪһҵġ
Ըһڳ͢
һܹٻ϶ǵĲɡ
ǱҪܸӵ˳
ΣһҪסģֻҪȵǵĴҵɹˣʱȻʮ
ʮûп滨˵ô£
滨һѾѾͷ
漴ͽڻʹ﷢˵ֻǶϹʽܱ˸Ĳ֣滨û˵ʵ˵Լֵġ
󻹹ʮġ
ʮɫܺڡ

ϹʽܶǸˣʮټ޸ģϾ͸Ӳʮ޸
ֻǣϹټرҲܽϹʽǸ˵Ϣ֮ڡ
һǧӢɵľӢѵѾ״̬һҲѾҽʵ顣
϶Ľ⡣
ʹһӣù˼ӿ
ѵʿ齻ӪĽȥȻȻռҸѾѾһԺԵĺȲġ
˳ָһʮ书ˡ
ѧԺѧǹңҴ඼ǽĹңΪ˱ЩǧС⺮ĶᶯˣѧԺݺٵʱȽ硣
ͨԺҪϲһҡ
ʮݼ֮ʱ䣬ÿ춼ռұʱʮһ书ʱѾѾţͻеʱҲָһ¡
ô书ǿָʱ书ٽչ˵ȥΪѾһֻһЩȭȵˣΪһˣһϵͳȭˡ
ٲȻѾΪĵһˡ
һ㶼һողȡ£ʧȥδˡ
δҲ̫˰ɣ
ѾѾʮģ̲ס²һ䡣
ʮ𽣣ߵѾѾߣһĲˮ๾غȸ⣬˵ҳɹһƲϵǲһֵףΪʲôҪ鰡
ѾѾһʱ֮Զԡ
˱֪ʵģȫھ¥˵飬ʾͻˣ˳ȥ
һ˵У뿪ռҺܳʱηڻˡ
ʮûη͸˸һ˵ĳ໻ˣϾη֮ǰĳѾͦõˣðװ۵ģŵĻһ㶼һҪƾ͵ԼΪˡ
ĸıҪ˵ƣ˵֮ǰһеûĹ꣬ôڵһΪ̳Ӣһ
һ֣ǾеˣͲϿ˼ˡ
η߽֮ǰѾ֡
Ȼϣ촽΢ţУ
˭
ɻؿη
һռҿη
ѾѾηʵͦģϾʵûηּ׼
˼ҪôֽηĴڡ
ηҲˣðɵذγذף׼֣ҵû뵽Ȼôԩ·խһ￴㣬ɡ
ηذճġ
Ṧܿ죬ذף˲ǰ
ֵĶ졣
η˲䣬־ץסηոյĲüͷ
˭
ͬ⣬ֻʻĶˣղѾѾģֱʵ֡
ηô׾ٵؾͱץס󣬸ˣ˵ϽſңҪɱ㡣
ٴʵ˭ոյṦ˭ģ
鷢չȫѾѾʼδģҲҪʲôˣĬĬ˵һȥһĳԹȺڣרĵؿȥˡ
ճҲˣΪһרҵĳԹȺڣڳԹϵʱ򣬿϶Ҫߵ˻һġ
ӣû뵽ηȻһ۾ϳ־ˣ֮ǰĲ²ȷġ
ԣû棬η˵ģһûеû뵽ھȻһ۾ϳʦ
˵ηôϳأ
˵ģǱʦĻȻСη⻭񣬸η˵ĸӵ
ԣҾþģû뵽ȻǸУҸô찡һҪѧ书𣿡
ʮҲ뵽档


723 

Ȼڸη˵ʵҲ˵Ļ
ʱηʼø˻䵱С
ʮһǰʱҲѾˣǻᣬܶ˶һǸǳ룬ǳ׷ˡ
ЩΨһ׷󣬾Ҫ书ѧãѧǷ켫ܵеľ硣
ֻ䣬Ȼǹ˲ˡ
ҲΪֻ䣬ͳΪ˺ܶŮĵĶ
ôһҲ֪ǴʲôطģֻǵôøĹﶼһﳤöҪÿһǺÿܶ࣬۾ررͦ촽ˡ
ÿĹ
Ҳͽ˶ѡ
ʲô棬棬н书뻯Ѱһʹ졣
Ҳڶ֮У࿴һǸѡ
û뵽ǸﲻøﲻһĵӶҪ
һ书ò߻ħʱﾹȻ룬Ĵϡ
һ춼߻ħˣ˶Ժģɽׯ͵֮󣬾һյڵϡ
ڶ֮󣬾͸ɸЩĿͷһ
ھɵĻУҲвһĿͷ֮󣬾ûнˡ
ʱȻûǸ뷨Ҳһġ
ֻһ书еߵ˶ѣ˸ͷ֮󣬻ƵḶ́ӭһͷйĽ֡
û뵽ڶΣֲ߻ħʱˣͬĲ
ǻһȽϼˣԲУĹУͻ߻ħһΡ
Ǹ˲̫һĹôһγ롣
һֱ˲ҡ
书Խ˳ҲûԹ߻ħǸ֮Ҳ룬֮Ҳûгֹ
ʵҲûôǸ˵ҲǸʱ˵ϵ㻰ɡ
ѵʱǸﶼؿ뿪
Ǹĳֻ࣬ǵǸṦ˵ã͸ǰһǵṦʽһġ
ɡ
ڱƱ֮Ǹߵ֮죬׷ȥˡ
ֽԼ˼ӻг
ؿǰ꣺㵱ҵĶӣ
걻ǸôΣжһ㶼ģ˵ûжӵĻžòġ
ӶϣΪ˵
ܿյϢ
һ˼ϸϸشη
ſţһԺгȻĶӣûǺÿ
ηŭص֣ҲĶӣ㲻䵱ҵϽſңҪɱ㣬㣬궼ףײŻôشңҪҳȥ㣬㻹ס
ֽηϵذߣɿԼ¡
ոηʱͷˣηṦһ⣬ƺһ书ġ
ֳûηĽǣüͷ
ϧˣϧˣûн书
ηĶӣĽҲǸĺӣЩúη˵ʤˡ
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ϧϧ
ηۿԼذ׶ˣò˵ĻĲֵĶ֣֮ҪɱǺѵġ
Щܵص֣£㻹ס
ˣȥˣôҹͽˣ
ֺ֪طηԳЩǺѰ
ͬʱҲǸܶĹ
ڽģһЩػ
ηֵˣû˵ûҶ˵ˣȥˣҪ㣬ô᲻ߣô䵽ȥС͵Ȼ͵Ķˡ
˵ʱηָָѾѾ
ʲôĶӾȻȥС͵û˵ȥˣҪȥʣƾʲôôҶӣȥأֺݺݵءޡһ¡
Щµʱ֪ҵݣ֪סˣҪҪңǻ׾ٵ顣
²Լ㣬˸뿪ˡ
ϽȥˣҪȥһ£ǲôġ
ֶκԥؾͽԼһ飬һȻȻرһǳԼӵĵݲñôԴˡ
ηش⣬͵վˣ϶Ҳ֪ĵˣɴԼȥͺˡ
ٴοѾѾͽչһ¶ӣȥǲεһ
µͬʱҲռҵԺʧ
ٶ죬˲ò̾һ䣬
ոջɱηҲ̲ס̾ÿṦĻҪ졣
ѾѾԺʣ˳ԹȺ飬иոտ׵׵ѾȥѰ׵ٴαùη
ʮʦãǰԼͦġڵ֮ңƽܵ飬Ҿһͦ˵ģҵĸʶߵģҲֵȥһ¿޿С͵
η׳ȥҵˣŵò׻ˣֱɵȥˡ
Ҫ֮ûһ֪ȥˣ᲻ֶСηȥȥˣ˵ѵû˾ӦýСηߣһȥһ𣿡
ѾѾͷηȷʵܿȻ̯ĵףãңڣҿ϶ӵġ
û뵽ȻôͽԼ˸ӵ£ɻڸǲǸʵֻǿηˡ
ηԹؿǰĳԹ飬ҵҵ飬ĺ𣿡
Թʱ͡

ӢӶźˣ֧ԮĲҲͳ·ˡ
ռƻӢӻʮ֮󣬾ʹȥܵĴϡ
ٽ꣬Ҳսʱ
Ӯ˻ؼҹ꣬ˣҪãҲܻؼҹꡣ
ſϾҪؼҵԸҵʿᱻ赽
Ҫǰ׼á
ϣѾ뿪ˣĿǰӦûôģԭƻ֧ѵʿǰȥսϵģƻҪһЩ仯ˡ
ϳڴ˶Ȯӽλãڽ죬ȥϷսʤսĴ
糯ĳϣϹϽԡ
˼⣬ةࣺ࣬˵˵ʲô
౾ǲ˵ģڳ˵ڱ˴С˵ġ
ǻϹҪˮҲܲ£ֻӲͷƤվ˵ػϵĻΪӦóλãʿȥսϣ
һĵӣҲ׿ڳϣʤ


724 

֮ǰѵʿ飬Ǹģڲӵѵˣ˽ˡ
ķˣû˱ЩӦôʹãֻڣܽӳЧ
ҽͽܣҽҽ֮ϣҪܳսϣʿǵĶһĴڣڣҶõԼ˻ûҽˣҳսֶŮսĹϵ˵ܺã˺ӦûĬ
ɷµصͷ֮ˣóǰսһ˰ɡ
˲ڳϵѾѾôһͦҪ

ȵѾѾ֪ʱѾضûˡ
ʦãҪսˣܴһȻʿ϶ǲԸȥģֻҪȥ˵˵ӦҲԸġ
ʮһ֪ѾѾҪսˣϾ˹
ѾѾޱҡҡͷС
Լ̫ȥˣ书ôҲôʮǲܡ
ĽҲڱϣѾѾĻ°ͳûʲô飬Ҳȥ
սʲô£һ˼һ˵Ҫúȥ۵ʱ򣬶ǲԸģϾԼĺӣɲ͵սȥġ
ռҲһ
ռҵЩӣд˵ľҲӻԾر˵ҪȥսϵĻ
ȥѾѾȽ⣬Ƕرöر𰮴ֵˡ
ǾȥĻѾѾЩ޷ˡ
ȥʲô
Ŷȣתϵ̿ʣֱ׳˵ȥѰزİһѾˣдһսйصĹ¡
ѾѾ㲻ȥҪزģС
սˣܵսȥѰС˵زġ
бҪĸ˵һˣþ߻ħС
ȻڵƷչȥҲ֪һԺҪдһĻʱ᲻ỹȥɱһ¡
ģܹѾѾһսģҲֻĽˡ
֮ѾѾΪ˸ʿõȥĥϣʱ䶼ȥӪ棬һѵ
ĽҲǸŵġ
ԼʵϣֻھӪѡ
磬ѾѾվָʿӦųҪʱĽϻվһԣ֣ѾѾ࣬Ŀǲ̫ɹѾѾ
Ŀĵʿһģ²ϼ䡣
˰ɣ̫ôܻɹɹһ£ůһЩأǿ϶ǹġ
ֱ磬ԷʱѾѾǸӪһԵġ
ĽǸѾѾһԵġ
ζĽҲǸӪһԣȻʵϣĽϵоֻܿѾѾ
˶͸һ
ϵؽԼĲ˼иѾѾ
ӪĻʳǲģ㻹⡣
ĽҲǸˣѹǵļǸܸܵġ
Ȼһ̶ģеѾѾ
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һķӣΧһˣĻ˸ʮҲ£ûбҪˣֲӲ
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ѾѾţΪѾѾĽϵ⣬ûʲôʿɻģĽϸѾѾ⣬ܱ߻ʿ
ʿôһ˲䣬Լ㲻ԷҲˡ
꣬Ҫ˾ٱ۸
ӶûȢ͵Ӫˣ
ǳδȻô֣Ҫȥ۸ǡ
ٱ磬ѾѾǸʿǱȻһ׽ѣٶô죬쵽ʿǶûпȻЩʲôѾȻˣĽϾ;ѾѾ·ɽʮȦһҲڳô˫۾ؿǣҪѾѾ뿪
ǲûбܼѵ۵ǱѾѾĽϸŰĺۡ
Ӫ鴫ӪزĵľɶУɻȥ͸Сʮʮһ˵ˡ
ʮһȥ˵ˣ֮ͽ˵һ飬ϱϱϱ˵ϱ϶ϱ˵϶ϱ϶϶ϴϴϴϱϴϱϣϸү˵ˡ
ˣռҵ˶֪ĽϸѾѾս顣
Էʱ򣬿ĽϸѾѾռδѵ˽ĽϸϵռҴ档
ѾӮռ˻ģҿŵռҲ䷹ĽϣվռҴ棬һ±ơ


725 ս

ĽվռҴ棬һ±Ƶǰ棬ǲ֪ʱֵռҵλС
ϿѾѾ˵ѾѾȻүǶˣϾǻûг׵ģΪ˱˵лԺ㻹ЩɣûʲôҪʱ򣬾ͲҪˡ
ѾѾҲЩ±ơ
ԴĽ»ü˵Ļ֮˲ǶԴĽϱȶԴҪ׵
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ÿһһռʲôóԵģҵָҹġ
ΪѾѾռҵˣ¶Ǻˡ
ѾѾǣ¸¾ҪԬʳ׵ˣȻʱ
΢ֵЩ˼ŤŤǸҸԬʳˣһȥĵԷ̫ãըʣһˣֻܷųһըˡ
Ҳ֪ģըóԵľǼˣһֻֻһԼһԼȡ
⼦ȶôСھͳ˰ҵȻҪԼȫռˣҾԬʲƽһˡ
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µĻѾѾøӵˡ
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ѾѾüͷɴһͷ˵Ҫɴ˺ˣеʹŵ㡣
ǣȻ˺֮Ҫŵˣ˿ǱǸըը˵ģЩãʱʱЩɫŧҺôôʹҶͦˣҲͦȥģ㿴˻öĶѡ
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˿ҪѾѾҲû롣
ֺСҪĽҲҶ롣

˿ڵȷ˵ģڷףһأǲúôпܻٽ֫ķա
ѾѾ˿ڴĸһЩֽܷϵĵطһ֮˿ڴһЩҩܵ˿°á
˿ȫ֮ǰ㶼κεľ˶ˡ
ѾѾһŷӣŴʿȥҩ
Ϊ˿ڷףѾЩˡ
ӽʿ֮ѾѾĽ϶
ܿĽϵһЩ⣬ԺҪȢǼѾѾ
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ѾѾͷ̫ͣʱ䣬ֱܣ壬˵˵ڵɣ֮ǰдϵУֻ˵˽֮ڶżԷ϶ôսġ


726  

壬˵˵ڵɣ֮ǰдϵУֻ˵˽֮ڶżԷ϶ôսģʲôݣ
ܶѾѾתƻΪеǳһĽϣѡʵʵشѾѾ⡣
Ͼս²Ҫġ
ǵ̽ӵ鵽õҪĻҩҩԭ֮ǰһʱûеģҪѰҲϵĻҪһµʱ䣬ҵˣҪҪĻҩҪһʱ䣬Ϊˣ϶֮ڣǲս֮ǰѾռơ
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ľ̿ǶǱȽҵģʯѾѾھǵʱ˽⵽˻ûʯֻ֪ǽǺݸµ
ҪЩʹҩʯҪһʱ䣬սҪĻҩҪǴʯûһֺܺõʯķֻһЩرḻˣеķʽȥ֡
Ҫһµʱȥһ㶼š
ɶѾѾԣѰʯͼ򵥺ܺܶࡣ
ʯڡũݾжҪҩģʯΪƷеĵλܹƶʮֲ֪ζҩĵʱѾѾѾζҩ˽⵽Ķ˽͸
ĳʶĳһպ뾰ڡľעо˵Ի֮ʯҲ
˼ǿûȥʯ
֪ôȥʯҲ֪ôȥʯҪǣϵͳֻҪǸйصĶϵͳܼΪ׾ٵΪԨҵ˼ʯ
¹֮ǰĻʵ۶Ůģһλʵλ֮ʱȻ¹Ԩ֮ǰӿģȴһֱల£Դǵȵȥ̫֮ӵǻҲǹΨһһԻʵ۵ǻһжˡ
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ָѾѾ˵˺ܶڰ¹顣
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¹ڵ̫Ϊմ²ֶΡ

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ܵľӪ¹ľӪԶ̫Զ˫ֻ֮ʮ·
ܵѾѾĽϣҳȥߣ
ĽȻǵͷġ
ֻû뵽ѾѾĳߣԭǵ¹ľӪߡ
֪ѾѾ֮ԻӦʱȫΪѣƥҲΪܾҪҪԭʵֻҪ˭ڰа¹
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ǲɹǱ˽һɹش¹ʿǵ·ڰ¹ľӪĴ߶
ǡ
ʿžƺһߺžƣһҡҡλεش߹
ѾѾֱӸ
ľ飬֪һȺƵһߣܵõϢϾ˵ľƷ̫ãһϲ
ʿڵ״̬е㲻̫ھӪ棬ԨľӪǽֹʿ̰ģ¾һȶ֮󣬾һʱ򹥴ǣǾ군ˡ
ǵˣɢĺζͦһʿģѬĽֱӾסѾѾıӡ
ѾѾһۣʲôأ㿴Ӫ棬ĸ˻ȥһӵģ±˲𣿡
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ոĻûϾȥԨˣЩڵڵ׼ˣοһԨϲˣȵϷʧ֣޴ʱǾͳʤ׷Ԩ


727 

ʱǾǰ¹Ĵ󹦳ǵĻϿ϶͵ġ
ǵĻʺȻôõҲ֪ʺӶôġ
֮ǰ˵ԨĳǵĸǣǵĻʺһȽϣƨĸˣϾûбǵĻʺŮˣǵĻʺڣǰ¹϶ΪǿĹҵġ
ǵĳƨŪʲôӽˮô˶ԱˣһͿʼŵˡ

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϶ǵģӣһȥ¹ǵĻʺҪļ档
ҲȥǵĻʺ󣬿ǲҲ²Ǹˡ

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ѵʿڶ񵯵ʱܽ׼ȷض˵Ĵڿڴ֮䣬¡һ졣
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һһٸӢӳԱսŸո˲䣬ͻٵ˵˵ٸڡ
񵯵ϴڱըʱЧԽΧԲڵĶը١
ĴƬߣһ¹ʿ
ӢӳԱը˵֮ûмǰ˻ͬʱϵȴ˳ȥҲ֪ôӵģ񵯶ӳһԶ˷˼ľ롣
ֱӽ˺Žʿը١
ڶϡ
Ӣӵĵڶǰһˣ书ӸǿҪǸýȥɱеģɱǶԷӵĽ죬켶Χ϶кܶСţ书ǿӹȥˣҲܡ
ԸǾͲֻܵ񵯡
˻ĵһӢӵĳԱЭͨʿȥΧܵİ¹ʿ
ǵĺ棬ӢӳԱǼǿĺܡ


728 ҿԸ˵

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ĽϸѾѾܿʹǻʺ޹
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ߣţΪ߾ߵҵĻʺ֮λģҸ϶ʲôˣ

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û뵽Ȼ


729 ش

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һһΪȫϵͳҲ߱˳ͷϵͳĹܣֱӳͷ˰ġ
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ܽѾЩʧأԨ˶԰ܽˣ¹ҲˣѾв˶԰ܽر˺֮ǡ
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Ǽ˻˰أɩǣֶֶŮǻûڶİѾ𣿴峤֪ǻû
մ󷢸մ̽ͷѾѾȥ
ͼܿүӸǼӰ
Ľϵʱ۾գˡ
ȻôÿӣͬΪӵǣȻѾͣȻرȲģǻԱˡ
ѾѾλǼզôÿȥģ˵˵Ҳȥ򼸸˻
ѾѾߵˣֻҪļˣҶʶؾǼˡ
ˣв˼Ҷ˵ˡ
մ󷢼Ҿˡ
һչմУһŴ顣
մҲһˣͰչ˼ʲôġ
ѾѾĽϣ
Ӧø˿ÿأӦ˽أ
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մ󷢸մ߽һЩѾѾĻ۾ôģһգգضĽϿ޲ܹһ


730 е

մȷЩʲôϲغӣӣӻˣû뵽ڻˡ
ӻˣ̫ˣӣ嶼û˰ɣһҾôˣǿɵˡ
ѾѾĽϻϢһڴﴫˡ
ĽϸѾѾңҲֱܵˡ
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ѡٴ峤ʱ仹û
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֪ǻˣ϶ǻûгԷģø÷Ǵ˻Ͱÿ˶װ˹ˣǸϽȳˣúÿ
ϵʱٵҼȥԷ
ղһҪѾѾĽȥǼҳԷĴᶼɴ۾
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ûаҳÿ춼ˮϴøɸɾٲɾźá
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ùѾѾĽϻҪкһò͵ʱ򣬴ǶһˣҶ˵ԼҪؼҳԷˡ
ټʣѾѾĽˡ

ѾѾǲŸճ극ԼĪһǰ˵ҪߵĴǣַ
峤ϱŴļӣæֹѾѾĽҪʰӵĶ˵ţվУǸճԱϽȥߣôûܶǴôˡ
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ֻǺܶǱƳ˲ͬӣе־ᶨģϣе־Ǻܼᶨƫˡ
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ĽϻЩӡѾѾûѯʣѾѾ֪ʲôشǣǾҸո˵һˣǶѶ͵ǰǹ滮ˣǲȥı䣬ҲǺôġ
˵֮䣬Ѿ˴Ǽ
Сׯӡ
Сׯӱǰ˺ܶ࣬Բģ֪ЩԵжá
󣬻һ˸ų
СׯӲͬĹʣϱҲСׯס
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ɰԼĪӡ
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ӾͲˣܱڼҰְŵĺãȥǼǣЩӻǡ
Խ̱ĴϲҲӷ߳


731 ھǹĵһ

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ϲվſڣǺܺõ˺ܾòϳѾѾ
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ϲӵĻСׯҲע⵽ѾѾˡ
ѾѾǰڴסţΪСׯӻܹϳѾѾġ
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ɫͻȻһ䣬ÿģĽɣҶһһ鳤ģֻ˵ͬ˲ͬˣĺùùãȥѧö飬ҪʲôʲôԲȵģڻȥǼˡ
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һߴĽϺѾѾȥιЩһ߰ѾѾĽϵ¡
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ѾѾǸˣˮԸԼȥժ
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ѾѾĽڴ죬˲ι۸ڲͬ˼䷹
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ҵ˵ˣ֮СùÿܾͲڼˣһҪúõ׼Сùڼһر꣬Ժ˵ͲԸףڼˡ


732  

ʮһСʮڰϱһָĴڹ֮ǰҪȥġ
ʮһͷСʮСҪѾѾһôꡣ
ϸСϴżһӳһ࣬Ѿʮ³ˣһ߽Ź࣬Сһ߳ţСС˾ꡭ
Сϳһ룬̧ͷпɩû뵽ǻܵˣ⻹ʡ
ȷЩҲѾѾĸˣȫѾѾۼҵܹн졣
ǰǲѾѾĹˣˣ˵쵽ʹȥˣ֪ʹζ᲻һЩ
ʮ³Ҳԡգ¹๩
ʱҲ󳼵ʼֳӣʱڶΧŹ
Ǻһ湩һȽ͢棬Ȼִ͸⳼Ʒ
ЦЦ϶ܸˡ
ӳ˽żֵĺӣϸСϣҹû˾Ƕ˳ȥˣ֪ǼҽҪɷ࣬ܶ˶ڵš
ÿ˽ڵʱ򣬶ΪѼ໥͵
ڴ棬Ҳôġ
ɽСʮ飬Ҳ˽õĽգһȹͦõģ˴Ϣȥ
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Ͼռ֮ǰֻһͨׯ˼ң̶̼ʱڣͱֿȵļ壬үӵ٣Ůǹ˵˵ǼҵСӻʤ̣˶궼òµİ¹ڻؾ;ˡ
һ׮һ׮ϲ£ǴʲôǺܶռҶûʲôˣҲͽܺռҵˣҪպûĻǻҪȵʲôʱ

һգ۾͵ʮ壬ھǹ꣬ǼҸʹĹϵǳ£ʱкܶڶǸŻʹġ
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ʮ塢ʮӣʵۻҪֱټǰ󳼡ֵ͢ȹػͳֱ衰֡
ʱʵī顰ֽϣ󳼵νǰߵͷ͡
ռүӾǵһ빬ȥ͸ֵˡ
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Сأûˣ
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ѾѾʹͿ϶ٲˣ鱦ӡ


733 ɺù

һת۵¶ʮҪϵƵӡ
ϰչҼҶҪڽšϼ̵ĺɫõ硰٣Ǭš֮⣬Ҫ껭Ǯ
νǮúɫֽ̳ɸ⡢ļƽͼʱϵװƷ
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ѾѾʹҲҪģʹСʮʮһȥ˻ʹ
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һʮһ뱲ӿܾͻˣʺʼǻʺ󣬳ҲҸϺ̫˵ʮһȥ߻ػʺ󣬸οʮһôСֻһŻʺǻ᲻ģҲ˵ȥʮλʺ󡭡
˵Ųңʵ˵õͦҵġ
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ھȻҪһͨϰʮţõĻʺҪǴȥˣôʺ
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̫˵ʺΪһ֮ѵ㵣ûԼ飬ͳеˣǰΪʺλҪˡ
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˵⻰ʱ򣬻ʺֻޱȵ衣
ȴû̫ĵģʮһһСһܰôġ
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734  ı

ʺǱļŮߵģߵʱѾһϢˡ
ѾѾʮһ˹𳤱ļ˵䡣
߼¾ͺôôôݣѵ֪ǻʺ㲻ӣѵҲ𣿡
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ϣʺӲźãҲȲˡ
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εӦģʺܸеġ
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ӦòŹȥ˰ɣ㿴ҪڼסһٻȥɣøǴӣҲܶЩʱ㺢ӡ
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үӸܵĵﶼˣүӸھ͸ܵĵһһ׶˵ĻҲϸ˵ˡ
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735  ˼

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ĳϦҹһ϶üϢԴżϱȥȫӡ
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ȵӶһ˳ӣžǸǰʱ䡣
ѾѾڼĳֻүӣϣܸط漸ˡ
ĸ꣬ķȽϷѹǮ֮ϵλãֶֶŮꡣ
׼ÿʱϲ飬ǸֶֶŮǷ
ѾѾǸܿŵˣɲζǸСˣ²Ը⣬ڸǷʱɻᷢһĺȥ
ʱһϸĹùãÿǰǶӶרŶһЩƽĵ׹ת飬ƽƷ֮Ķȵʱ򣬾װɰ棬ɷֶֶŮǡ
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ѾѾһġʮֶӣֶһǰǧ
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ȥɡ
ѾѾǺܷģǺճȥˡ
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СʮʮһʮʮǶᶨظѾѾ֤š
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һ󣬺ò׵ȵѾѾ֮ĵһϦҹҪ磬ѾѾһЩĽϣθѾѾռңһȺһϦһҹѾѾ½Ƕ
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ѾѾ߹ȥϻһǸװĿڷҺĺӡ

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ѾѾɫһӳ䣺˵ʵ


736 һĿ

ѾѾɫһӳȥ䡣
ջ֧֧һ
ſڣո
˵ϸ㡣
ѾѾɫˡ
ɴΪѾ˸ͷˣ˵Ҳûôˣ֮ǰӶˣֹҪӣ˵ҪҲԸͽȥҪ
˵ӶǼʮһˣǾ׼ˣȻ׼ңǾӦӻġ
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Ǹʵˣһ˵ͷ֮󣬾ûʲôˡ
Ҳʲô˵ģʲôǲ˵ġ
ͳͳѾѾ˵˵
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ոմǱߵġ
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ѾѾ˵ĺɰɫ˶ôߵģ
ԼվѾѾǰʲôͷ˵ҡҸӡ
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ѾѾǼҸĺ԰ջĺҪðȥģǰҼ۸񲻱ˡ
ǵ׼ˣռҿ϶ǲίģչҲͣ˵һң׬ӣǲȱӵġ
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ѾѾЩؿˣȥɣԺ㣬ȥ֪ͨճڣҶǣǻ㴦ġ
ǰ˵һѾѾ浣Ĺ죬ӶᱻˣӵģԺ׬ԽԽӣԽԽ֮Ҫٴμ޸
ЩС£ѾѾתȥһ̻űڡ
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£ʺ϶Ҫһϵĺġ
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ϰ꣬ѾѾҪؼҼżİȥꡣ
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ѾѾѽôվѽЩ˿ɶǼҰģôǶԳ⹫ҵģҪ֪ˣǻڸ㶨˰ɣ
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ѾѾüεǲٶˣƺͬһĻһ˵ͷ
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һЦЦһֻóӶһ£촽


737 ֮ǰ

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ѾѾصͷ϶ģʱ˵ûжˣû£ʱ϶ҲˣҪǻỹûм޳ȥĻҲǻᱻܻġ
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ѾѾϵĵʱ˻ϻһˡ
ĻҲڻߡ
Ȼ֮ǰϸĻѾ˺ܶࡣ

ϻĻ꣬ѾѾһµػռҡ
һжþ͸ʲô鶼ûзҲûʲôҪһ
˭ֻǱ֮ǰ
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һ죬סƽСȥ̾ͻ˵ҪȢˡ
ռҵҲϨϢˣΨһ⡣
ѾѾһɫĽطǽȥֱռҽһ֮Ļʹ
ʹ濴ƽҹһ㰲
ƺָƽһԼһֳصϢ


738 ̫ӷ

ʹ档
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վ̫ߵǶӣѾѾڹϿмĲ̫ӡ
̫ӣģ֮󣬱̫ӴӦ鶨
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ѾѾõʤ˸ӣڱָף̧ǻ϶ֽţҶģһʲôܿϵĶ𣿡

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ǵĻģѾѾթʺҲæ뿴ʺܲ
û뵽ǾȻôͰ಻ס
ǵļϸ֪ˣٵ񵯾Ǹʱ׼õġ
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ӿ̫ӵĽЩ£ͬʱڿ̫ߵĶӵʱЩ⡣


739  ˵ػǲ˵

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ƽʱǸ߸һģȻ̫һıʱһֱѵĸо
Ҫô̫ӵ飬ѾѾܲţҲû̫ȤȥģʹûˣŹǷ׼뿪ֻߵ̫ߵʱǿ׳һ̫ӣ뵱ϾͰˣ񵯶ˣҪѻʹ˰ɣʱǸλˣҲҪΪһʹûеĻˡ
ȻǺöǶսϵġ
û˭ὫǶԼ
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Ҿ֪ǴǧʿǶʿҪνأ
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ʿȷʵǶʿɲǶԸʿ̫һͬıģǶǱȵģΪӶ˶һµĶͨĶǹƶ
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⣬̫֮ԻôżһǻʺģһΪ̫˵Щʲôѡա

ΪѾѾæȥǰһ˵ѾѾ˵˺֪ܶ࣬鶼˵ˡ
ѾѾˣüƦʮؿӣأִʲôʱ췴Ҫ㲻췴Ļ̫ӱ֮󣬴λÿ϶Ҳֲء
ӵɫ˲Щ޴룬͸ԼһֱصܣȻ˷ˣ޴лŵ㾪š
ϾⲢһͨܡ
ǸַӻԴ顣
ѾѾЦЦ˵һ㣬췴һˣ֪Ҳ֪㲻ʲô¶ûҾЩ棬㿴̫ڵĽˣ㻹Ҫ췴𣿡
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Ŷǿǲˣͦõģʡ£õʱ췴ʱֵýʹȥæˡ
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һһԽԽˣֵܽȽϽҲûа취ֱȥͨҪԵ˰æС
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ĵһһֻϵͳ￴ˣѾѾĻ˸ۣԼ뵽𣿻ңһǹҪҿġ
ѾѾ̾˿ʸⶼУûˡ
аɣŰɣҵýʹһˡ
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ȻϺܳѾѾҲѾѾײϡ
黢һŭ˻Ͽɾ鷳ˡ
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˵˶֮ѾѾŻȥѶһҴ
ӿѾѾЩӣЩֱѾѾ
ȵ˶֮Щɻ󣺡һأ
ط඼ץˣһô
ѾѾЦؿӡ
أòΪһиͬͬɣ
ѾѾڷɫúѿ
ͬʱһĺˡ
һὫһץġ
ǶӶԼ˵ĻҲǶԶ򸾣ԻϣѾѾĳŵ
ǵһǻģΪҪԼĴ¸
ѾѾǺһ£û˵ֻǴһڰķ棬һʱͰǽڵĹƳ
ĸƣϵӹˣĸƵЯ߿϶Ҳġ
ѾѾν˸ãҪʲô֤
ֲʲôᣬ˻ϵˣôþôãûʲô֤Ҫ֤ȥʸ顣
ֲȫԲ鵽ҪĽģûҪҪǵˡ

οһûӳɹ
ֱӾͱճץˡ
ǵ飬ѾѾճһǰ
ϰżЫӣɫڣһǾ綾ģƵؿһźߣҪֱ˵أ棿
˻˻ͬʱһͷܱģϬߴѾѾļؿһ
ѾѾߵĻϣȻеɪɪ


740 ȥС

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˵ãԺҲȥΪˡ
һһӾ㡭ʲô˼
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ˣһȥͨձɷӦ壬ִС
һɫ԰ף˫ȷ뵽ѾѾģ˫˶⣬ضѾѾңú

껹ûй꣬ѾѾҪ뿪ˣѾѾһ뿪ĻĽϣܡ
ܾͲ˵ˣȷǿھٴ뿪ģ˭Ǵ󽫾ܲѾѾȥΪЧˣӦñĴ󽫾ھְ֮ɡ
϶Ҫȥġ
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741 ô֪

ĽϲҪѾѾҪģȻǲܸĽϽȥġ
ԼȷʵЩĽϣ룬ʿԭϢĽϳȥˡ
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ĽôȥѾܹĵķڡ

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Ϊ˱סôϿ϶Ԯȥ֧Ԯġ
һǾ͹˲ߵսˣսϣΪûô䣬޷ˣûԴӪʿһƳ뵽档
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վˣһ䣺ˣҲûʲôҪˣŰɣôķϣ㲻ôģҪ֮ǰ϶ܷӳļֵġ

ѾѾϾӪ棬ҲΪģʵһͬļƻ
ֻƻʵʩĶ÷˶ѡ
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ֶŮЩʱҲģԼϹ޵ҲҪġ

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742  ȹ

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ʦЦݲ˵˵ΪʲôҪǶԸԼĹأ
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һߣһֹţû뵽ҽȻôã׬죬ܿˣҪǹ˻ܼǵңǾ͸Ӻˣȥ˵ˣǿ϶ˡ

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ЩҩǶҪǽҩζȥʿֱӵһƬ

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ͬ˻Ԩľ棬Ԩһײд˲š
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ѾѾڸͬϣʹߣܹؿǹҵľôǵġ
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ɻһ¶Էô漴ڣ
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743 

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֮ռҵλӣȻͷ˼ҪôȥΪĽϡ

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744 

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Ϊ˿˳ѾѾȢؼңĽϿǺúõо׵̵ġ
֪׵ʱиϷϷĻ޷ǾӵҪѣȱľӵģҪٺܸǶٺ
ռϴһֱӾӣ
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745 ѾѾ

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ҶûеʲôӣȻͼйȥˣ̫ˣôô죿
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ǸǶ֪ʲôĶȻĳɹúүˣֻô̵ʱ䡣
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746 ڵȵ

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ѵֻһҩԾǸҲҩҪҪк˰ɣǡ룬ǲʲôĿģ
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747 

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ܿ죬˶ԡͰ档
һЩֱĽϡ
ĽϵͷĶߣͳԸеɤ˵ɣֲǵһˣûʲôúߵġ
ǵһˣ
ѾѾ͵һ꣬ͬĳͬˣͬǣ꣬ʲô
ɴ˿ֻúΡ
εʱЩģ磬ֱ̧ŶסĽϵͣ˵
졣
һ룬ֵشС
һֵǧ𣬿ѾѾһ㶼ûԼ׬һǧĸо
Ǿᱳʹ

֮ĵ죬ѾѾҪҵģҪĽϻء
һصңѾѾ㶡
ʵǰ̫ڹˡ
ռҵ˾Ȼȫɫˡ
ʮʮҲ⡣
ףǿһˣҪĻҪ뿪£Ǹٻ
Ȼ֪ԼʲôʱǵôһˣԶġ
ݵǴĸĽɫٻѾѾɴʱƺһ
Ҳȥ
ѾѾЩ¡
ƽʱ۵Сʮѯʲô顣
Сʮ̾˿ѾѾ˵Сùã̫ˣСøҲڸڵ𣿵ү̸֮ͬСøףΪСøǼҽһԺÿ춼ܻؼˣֻҪʱ˵ںһˡ
˭֪ǾȻסôԶܵȥסˣ֪Ͳǳˡ
ѾѾ
ռҲЩƶѣܿͱѾѾϲøڸסʼϲصкѾѾȥ
ϻѾѾ
ȻѾˣͻСǵÿס
ÿס
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ѾѾǺǡ£εú޲ðĽǰ˵ȥ
գܷܷûҲû˸ѾѾһֱڵš
ռһһһٷʢ緹֮ûĽϻȥɽׯǻбĴ

֮ͽǳռˣڻûλֻȴպһˡ
Ϣ𣿡
С
û˵꣬СӴѽѽܽ
Ȼֱͷϡ
ȥȥҲӶ챻ˣ˵͵ҵƱһӣҪƱʲôðϽƱңȢϱıǮ


748 ƪС

ӣ䣬ΧΧɡ
ѾѾҪˣĽ׷˹ϻһɫΧ
ЩǰڳɽɽĵʱԼ֯ģ֯ΧķСӽġ
ֻ֮ǰûóϾҪ֤һ£ƾŸȢѾѾģͻݣûʲôϵ
ֱ˳֮Žó
ѾѾһ۷۷۵Χüޱȵ
ҲĽ֮ǰûнΧóȻҪ֪ڸĽûǼ꣬ϲ۷۵ĶСڻ
߿Ҫȥˡ
֪Ϣܷܷ֮żҹòǺܺã๫ֵ֮͢Ÿ˵˷򣬿˵๫ɶɣڱᵽһͨﵱˡ
ǼھǱƲˮƽֱ½
Ľͣ۾һգһգȻؿѾѾ
ĿѾѾĶϡ
㲻Լѵı𣿡
ѾѾЩץץͷǴֱĽϵΧڲ˼Ȧ
ĽϵǣԽѾѾԽǾԼΧ֯úãֱ̫ʺˡ
һ˲ˡ
ӣĲҸȥ𣿿Ҫ
ѾѾĮӦãڼҰݺǿյغúһ£⼸ůͣϽѲȥȻҪû˳ˡ
Ľϰź˹ѾѾٵʱ䣬ĽĿннԶֱĽıӰ
ոջֻȵС̹һĽϣ˲ͱ任ƣֱ

ޱ飬Щغһ̲ס
Խڵոίϵһ顣
֮һ̬ЩƣǱҪܶ˲֪ʲô˳
ӣѾźˣһ·ȥżҶ·ţȷ˲κġ
˼ˣ
һ˸һӣӣӵľӢ
Դһٸ˹ȥţ֡
⣬·϶ʲô࿴˼ֻۣҪˣ򲻻

˵⻰ʱһǶ̲סҪ鴤ˡ
ðĳԱ½һ鱨֯ھȻ䵽ȥһŮ˵ڣе֣ǻһӳٶӢĳԱ
Ƿ˲ǴɽׯȥɽׯԶһ϶ѣżҲʲô˲˼ңһǿͨ˼Ҷѡ
Ǽҵʮǰһ˶һǶʮˡ
οǼҷ˵ݡ˭Ҫȥ
Ҳ֪ǲĴܾЩСˡ
ѾѾǺţҪüǸռҵ֪ˣԼԶˡ
ǻ˸Ӷѡ
ЩεصͷҲԼҩԣôͻأ
⧲޷ġ
żңҲǳܷܷżҡ
ܷܷ˶磬һϯɫĴĨѣڵϲذ塣
ǰһͷϴƽӣ߰˶ͷĻƽϴһһƽŴŽߵɫׯôôۻҵĸˣ߻վһŶɫؽȹһմƷٸ
ۻңźǱĸˣؿųܷܷ˵ɨûгԷ𣿲ذҲɾ˶á
ٸϸ˵֣ˣǸɻˣ̫˲ŻģԺѼĻ֮󣬿϶ܲúܸɾ
ߣһǰǺóˣɵСС鶼ɲãǰƭ˵ǺѣޣҪĸǺѣҼҼҷҲɶˡǰôãû뵽Ǹƭ˾Ǹ˾
ϸ˹˵žòǰһݺݵزڳֱܷܷϣҪǸһȥ˵ǵĻҾͽִˡ
ٸϸ˵һ£˵ˣҪǰԼˣ๫ǻѹģңֻҪ˿غý㣬ýţ϶ûȥ˵ʲôˣ˵䲻ģǼҲ֪ġ
ֻǣʶĻɲܴȥˣȻҪóˣǲʶôҪʸء


749 ƪܷܷż

ϸٸĻ˵ͷԣȥ˵ãǧܽɨ֮ǰ˵Ļȥ
˵ǳأҲԼＸܵѣ񲻾ǳˣ
ܷܷͷŵذ壬üͷ
ҪǷǰ϶²۵ģƾ̫Ż뵱ѾѾףǻû˯Ѱɡ
ȴȥ²ˣֻûĻ͸ˡ
ǰͲüģֺ䵽ء
ȻԲǵģΣĺӻϣǵģĺӺпܻᡭ

ѾѾͣż⣬治ı־гı־ΪֻҪ˶֪ŵ˭ΪżҵŶתȥӴң»ᵢʱ䡣
ֱӾͽ˽ȥ
棬ܷܷڽذɾڸλٸĺϴ档
ٸҲûгţڻ԰ϸƷ軹ͻ
˻˴Ǯȥģϲϲ
ռƳƷ˵ռүģһʮÿһͼ۸ҪʮӣкܶӶ򲻵㵱潫Ūˣ
ϸǸϲӹŵˣ֪Щ˼ҵү̫̫ܶ඼ϲֲģҲһֱ߶ҪŪһõʵʲôģǺ
˿һٸ˵ǰһܶ˶ʱ˫۷
Ҷ֣ȻǼֵʮϵǺÿҿ÷һʲôĶҪƯر㣬⻨ôÿҵðһУЩ֪һǿ϶ͲСǼҡ
һ˵ҪᣬٸɫЩţܿס˵ֲͬʱҲҪϲСıˣŪˣ¾ҪˣôõĻǻˣǵöϧ
ǡϸüͷţԥҪǲᣬǴô֪һ
û֪Ͳҫˣ⻨ʲôôֲܳԣֲġ
ԽƽʱñȽϺõǼ뵽齫ʱǿͺ˰Ǹôˣʱ˵ˣ⻰ǿ϶ͲҲԹġǻܰϢȥⲻͦõ𣿡
ǼҲǸļʲôģҲõĻᱻǿʲô̫ŵģֶΪ
ϸ룬⻹ͦеģͷ
ѾѾվſһᣬĿ䵽棬Цһ
ЦΣȻƫ˵ĶС
ٸˡ
ٸѾѾɫʱʣڿѾѾĿʹһЩ𺣬ʵ˭ôģ
Ƕ˵飬ѾѾûмժɴѾѾ
ϸɫҲÿǿأô˷ŽˣҲ˵һ
Ϸˣū⡭ǿҲżҵСؿһѾѾż˵λˣūû
ˣ
ϸһ£Ӧɫ˲ͱˣö˼ĸֺã˵ԭ˰˴ݹ٣ʧԶӭʵǲ˼ˡϽУ㻹ϽȥЩĹ
ѾѾҲûֱӾɢһֹסơ
ָϵġ
ϸϼ˵ˣҲϲϲĻһ͸ˣҵĶϱ˺üʮȥġ
𣿡
ѾѾЦһֵǴӻƿˡ
Ŷȣαϣָڲ輸ţ΢̧ϸˣ˵ĶϱǸոλ
ԣСТˣ֪ϲʲôͻʲô
ţǺТġ
ѾѾζӦһ䣬ϸΪѾѾڿĶϱТģ϶ŽЦݡ
ѾѾڲ輸ϣ֧Դĵؿڣмϱ
ϸ˲֪ѾѾΪʲôҪôԥӦһһСһõĶϱһ͹ˣȢˣҪڼԺȵģ˷˵пȢڻˣɲʲô¡
ãһһһʲôģðҲʡ¡
ϸ˻˳һƨûע⵽ѾѾɫһ˲
һ𣿡


750 ƪɨǣ

ѾѾŶͷĵ˵һ𣿡
һ
ϸ˲֪ѾѾΪʲôôʣֻɻִһ䡣
ѾѾûȥվ߶˼ȻתͷȥϸˣϷӦòڸϵ߰ɣ
⣬⣬ˣϸʹĴȥ
ϸζû뵽ԼгһվȻܸϽ
Ҫ֪ڿǻǰĴˣڻǰ˵һ仰ϱ˵ĺüʮ仰ˡ
㲻ڻǰжãͳˣҲ˫ˣɵйŶգĶ漰˸ҵͳһжҪͽ
ҳҽµһҽÿ˶Ҫܹҽùϵ൱Ƕһ
˵кܶٹ˶ǷѾĻҪȥֺó
ڳȻǼˣǵĻᣬ϶Ҫúðպá
ˣҪϸȴȥ԰￴ڻ԰¼Ǽõġ
ϸڱֺõЦݡ
ѾѾӦأҵ߾С
߳ƫʱ򣬿ոճȥõĵٸվƫ棬ɫҲЩ԰ס
ѾѾʱۿɼزһ¡
ѾѾ·ûпһȥ
ϸ˿ˣûؿһۣϽ¶
ƽʱϱͦģ쵹ǲ֪ô£ȥ˸Ļ͸ľͷһһſվ˲ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ȥú취ͽͽ᳤
ٸ֪뵽ЩʲôֱӰϵĶһԵѾϣ׷ȥ
ȻؿѾѾıӰڲϵţϣѾѾҪȥԺ档
ȷǲԼˣǸղϸмϱʱָܾ
ѾѾûعͷҲ֪ٸ˹Ȼ˹ڣϷˣոǱƭˣϾ㲻ϣ˵еļƷˣǲ֪Ǳٷ˸ƭأٷҲǱ˸ƭˡ
㵽ֹѾѾҲûȤ˵ٶࡣ
ϸ˵ɫ˲ˣתͷȥԵٸ
Сô£
ٸɫԽز԰ףŵؿѾѾıӰ
ֵͷŴ֧֧ӦϱǱ˸ƭˡ
ڳǰܲ˵ǳˣֻһԼкôĽڡ

ѾѾֱ˺Ժ棬ٸסԺӡ
żҵ˶ϲӹţиԺȡ֣ϲһЩܷŵۡ
ٸ̧ͷԼԺӣԽĻŸڲϵذοԼ϶ˡ
Ժ棬ܷܷսеϴ꣬ʹվֱ壬һûվȣλ˻Ρ
ֱˤڵϣעĿ
վλԺſڲԶϸ
ϸ˻˼ҪôֺѾѾϣһȥȻǸɨǣɫʱѾѾϽͣˣððʧʧģ¡
ѾѾûлӦֱӳԴķȥ
ϸ˶ʱͻˣˣˣ϶ˡ
һᣬ˵ˣɨߣص棬첻ܳԷ
ɨǾɨǣϴ·С¶ãǳˡ
ˣѾˣǻǼȥĵطɡ
ϸæ׷ѾѾͼתѾѾע
ٸѾ˵Լֻ˶ѣѾѾǸ߹ȥûԵ뷨ϸһΪǸ˽ŭˣЩֻ
ܷܷˤ֮˫ֱϵСʯͷƣʹ˻һҧôû꣬ҪǶٲһ㣬£ּˡ
ֻҪô㽫꣬ûע⵽ΧĶ
ֱļһһҵץֱۣѺһѺŵ̧ͷ
ʶҪĵʱ۵һϤģȹȥģעĿ
ѾѾ
ܷܷŵؿѾѾ
ôˣ
ѾѾųܷܷȴƺƽˣûиˣûߣҲûбĪߵ˾ÿ£·ѹһ
Ŀӳܷܷƿ䵽ϸϡ
ոտеɨǣǼҵˣ
ϸûвʵʵص˵ͷһһ䣺ɨðˣϾͻ˰ץߣúóͷģϢŭ
ߵٸȴٴβ԰ɫ𾪵ؿܷܷ
ղǸ˾ȻѾѾ˵ֻи˲ܺСġ


751 ƪţҸһ

ϸԱߵٸľ㵡
ҵĴˣڳ¼ͦٵĴԡ
СѾѾ֪飬Ȼȴֻи׽˲ܺ֡
ųܷܷǸˣȻҲѾѾȻû
ѾѾ˵ͷǶϸĻӦųܷܷ߹ȥ
ܷܷڿѾѾʱ򣬾ͷװźܶ򲼵裬·˼֣ϵϵ··£ϵ·ܱ룬ոһ
ȫ¶͸¶žִٸѿ
ѾѾһһ߽ܷܷҿصͷ
ѾѾƽ£۾ȴЩˣھܷܷһ֮ңĵطͣ£ܷܷ㡣
ܷܷ·ӦѾѾ
ܷܷ㣿
ոջڿ˵ܷܷɨǵϸ˷·ӭͷһһ㣬㵵ؿųܷܷѾѾ
ʶʵˣʲô
ѾѾûֻܷܷ֡
ǵոܷܷʶʱϲǣˣΪǻ۵ø˿ǵļһڡѾѾ޷ǰ˫ֲڵŶҪƤ˵֣ܷܷϵ
Ϊʲôң
ѾѾ˼֣ѹŭ
ܷܷҧҪֳѾѾҡҡûµġ
ѾѾץú֣תͷޱؿϸٸǲģ
ϸٸʱŵ
ѵ֮ǰĻɨʶҸĹϵܺã
ôܡ
һܵġ
ܷܷ֪ѾѾںˣ̾˿Ҳͷǽ諶ˣҲ֪ǽ諶ѾȥˣֻҪ鵽諶ģҾͲǣˡ
諶ǳܷܷĺ
ѾѾšüͷأ
ܷܷѾѾ˺ü꣬磬ѾˣĴŮ
ڳֻܷܷᵽ諶
֣ܷܷ˲ͺˣ˶һƬ˵С
Ŵ֮꣬ſڣûˡ
ѾѾ۾һӱϸٸǲģ
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ϸֻܼϣڳܷܷóܷܷѾѾǰ˵Ͻ˵ûйϵԼûúӣˤ˵ġ
Ȼǵˤģ
ѾѾΪü嶼ڲĳܷܷ֣һѽס
ܷܷ֪ѾѾڿ϶ΪԼЩεģοѾѾûµģģֻҪ諶ߣȻúչˡ
˵ģҿ԰ҵ諶ġ
ѾѾųܷܷյúܽ˵ʱЩơ
㻹ǸӣҪæѾôˣô˼ȥ鷳
ܷܷѾѾԴһǰһЩ硣
ϸٸôǣٴɵۡ
ɵ۵лЩҡ
һˣ˼Щҡ
ٸ³ܷܷѾѾ״˵ô۸ģվܡ
ѾѾٸûע⵽ʲôɳܷܷٸġ
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ٸɴ۾ǰĳܷܷһ
㡭㡭ô
ö֪ԼҪ˵ʲô
Ժ棬ϸҲˣ𾪵ʳܷܷ㡭㡭㾹Ȼ书
ֿűǼҵҪð
ܷܷ߹ȥһ־ٸ죬ٸѾѾǰ
شϸ˵ĻҸ书ͬһʦ̵ġ
ͬǣͽܵݱ̵ģֻһͨѧѡ
ǵ˶֪书̵ģϸ˸ٸҲ֪
ϸð亹û뵽ܷܷ书ȻҲ̵ģô֮ǰ
֮ǰô˵书ô˵Ҳĵӣ
Ҫ˵ˣʮӣҲҶԳܷܷô
ܷܷһᣬûʲôؿڣûҪ
ϸˣֱӸѾѾ˵Ȼ㶼֪ˣô諶¾ͽˣ϶Ὣ諶ƽƽشġ
أҰ㴦ˣԼȥ
ѾѾŬŬ°ͣϸ˸ٸķ
ܷܷûʲôϣšüģЩ꣬˵ԼɣĳҲñһˡ
ϸ˸ٸʶؿʼ¡


752 ƪлŮ

ϸٸĿеĳܷܷһĸˣ۸
ǰĳֱܷܷǲһɣǻԼȥ۾ǲϹˣ
ȻôûзֳܷܷôôУ
ܷܷѰ諶齻ѾѾ֮Ҳû˺֮ˡ
ñ˰æֱ߹ȥϸ죬ٸ죬Ѳ˻
ͬҲ뺷
һ۸ܷܷˣŵøֲŵ鶼Ҫˡ
꣬ÿ°ôô°ôô°
ٷʵ֮ǰ͸ʹ˰ҪʮӣǶ۸
ٸţҲڶţܿ侲һвܷܷ
ˣϽҷٿӡ
ٸ侲֮󣬾ͨΪʲôܷܷʵ֮ǰҪţںĶӣֻҪĶӻϣܷܷͲҶô
ٸ˿ǵġ
ֻǣҲһЩ顣
ѾѾڣܷܷûҪˡ
ᵽ諶ãٸ˵諶ܷܷɫ˼֡
ٸһЩ⣬һһٵӦð
ԣٸӵˣΪܷܷҪˡ
һ˲ȴŵõɴͫס
ܷܷȷʵǷſˣǽ˳ȥǰ׵ĵطһǽ
ڱӳȥȣʻֱײǽʵϣҲֱײǽˣǽֱֱػ֮ʧȥʶ
ѾѾûߣ۵ؿųܷܷ֣ڣܷܷ㣬ҲˣҲȥɣֻҪû¡
š
ܷܷѾѾ˵úеȰ˶ȥŪˣĥǡ
ϸŵң̧ץסܷܷ󣬡Ҫ㲻ܶңҾҶ㡣
ˣ諶Ի
ܷܷԲǺϲϸ˵˵꣬͸ɴؽҲ˳ȥ
ǸѾѾͬһʱѧϰ书ģֻʹˣṦѧûѾѾãѧһ֮Ǵͦ£ʱѾѾҲᱻŵ

諶黹ͦ˳ģûҵˡ
ܷܷҲĽ๫ˣŶӻ˳ҡ
żҵͿʼһǧɣٶɣǷһƨɵծ
Ҳǵģǳ˱ˣ۸㣬ǲﵣģȥǣҲҪ˵ӣҶҪǲǶûнǵˡ
Ԭʵ֪ϢռҸܷܷʱٲ˵˼䡣
ѾѾһۣԼδ޶ûһ㻹ʱȥı˵鰡

ʱһζһӾ͵ѾѾҪӡ
Ľһ֮ǰͷеĹÿʹ粽ظѾѾߣҪӤһ
ʱţԡʱţéš
ѾѾԼȫʧȥȨүϻмǣͶĽһӵΪͶ߱أǲûȥǴĽϣһѵõرһ
ӱ䱾
ʲô¶ҪţҪֱӱѾѾ
ҪѾѾĽо˼ǰ·ĺôȶҪǲڵʲôоˡ
û˽ȱӻҪµϾҪˡ
ѾѾûüģͷָûȨѾˡ
ԭ֮ǰֻĽϸȫռ˶ɽׯˣл̫Ƕˡ
ƺǰˣѾѾ֮ǰǶɽׯס
϶вɽׯѾѾޣ̫ˣ˸ľ֡
ôҶѾѾһ̥޻Ůޡ
ѾѾȻǴܹ˻̥ʱ򣬻޻ŮޣͬģҲԼҲܹ޻Ůޡ
ֻΪ˸ԼһЩڴûиԼڻ֪еĻŮġ
ˣǾܷḻˣ˵˵ŮѾѾ֮ǰǲˣˣһ̥϶Ůޡ
ҲͷѾѾԴӻ˺֮󣬱ԽԽƯģҼǵϱСʮʱ򣬾ԽԽƯģһ̥϶ŮޣǸѾѾһÿŮޡ

ϴ弸Ů޿أûκεȥ֤ѾѾŮޣҲѾѾľŮޡ
ɵʮģҲûκεȥ֤ѾѾŮޣҲǵĵһСùöﻳľŮޣǵСá
үӣϣ̫ǼѾѾֿĽϣŮޣ϶ǺƯܺģһ¶϶϶ľŮġ
Ϊľֵ϶
ѺŮޣôȥ


753 ƪϴֵ

ѾѾѾ߷ɢ˻Ჽڿľֵ飬ԥѺһǧȥĵͬŮޡ
ԭҲŮ޵ׯ϶ֻܺᣬѺ档
ŮޣƲģǶľģϸ̫ڳ˼ѡ
̥ʮ£һ
ѾѾˮƽȥѾ׼õĲ
Ľϸռ˶صڲ档
糯֮󣬴̫ĻӴҴææظ˹
ĻѾѾӴе࣬ǽѾѾ⣬ڲ濴ĻӣĽšüģû˵ʲô𣿡
ĻӸĽҲһˣĽ˧ô񹲷ߣ˧ôעĿģĻӿ϶Ҳġ
ĳ֮ϡ
ѾѾСʱ򻹺Ư磬֪ĻӵֵѾѾﶨȻ̫͡
Խó׵ĽߵľǸֵˡ
ĻüϷʵ˵ѾѾҪˣȻҪڳġ
ޣӸʲôϵȫԲڳҲ˵ġ
Ľ϶ʱͱˡ
⻰˵ģ֪ˣΪĻӲѾѾкء
ĻͦϲĽСܵģ˵ǿɲУѾѾϲң˵Ӳһҡ
ѾѾڶ֮䣬ĻȷʵߵģѾѾѾ²⵽Щʲô
ҪĻӴýˣԺܰĵغúӡ
Ľ⻰Ҫɫˡ
һ
ĻӶʱճȭͷ߿˵ЦЦҸնǿЦġ
ϸֺ̫ǺǵؿĽϸĻ
ãҲܿôʱҲûбˣŶ˵
ǰôԷҲͦõģȵԺǸλ֮Ҳ̫¶
Ҳţ϶϶úøġ
үԱţĬĬ̾Ҳ֪Ӧø˺أǵغá
ѾͷŰλô£ƺͣһСģͳ
ʮһҪȥСʮһ棬˳ҪС׼ʲôүܹȥСײһЩүӣ˼
ţ㣬㣬ˣһȥɣл˵
Сʮִһ꣬ѾʮˣʮһʱĮҡͷȥҲСһ档
ܾʮһ
ˣˣϲүϲ
⣬ոջ죬˼ˣ˲䰲϶ضŲſڡ
۾һգգġ
ԺܲпڱԣͿڵСˡ
кŮ
Զɱ壬ʳ϶֪⡣
ϲүϲǸСү
ڵĲŻ֪󲿷˵ڴϲ˵š
϶ΪԼˣŵʵǸ𣿡
˿̣СѾɴҲȲŻشԼ־ȥˣһ֮ϱ޴Цݡ
Ƕ˾˵Сǣһ˾˾ͳΪˡ
ڵռҲȱǮˣΪռǰƵĶү϶ȱǮģȥֻôﵽ±ݣδǡԴ󸻴
Ǹе𣿡
ԭŮ
УСá
Сùá
Ůˡ
Ⱥռˣ϶Щʧ
кʲôʱһ̥϶Сȵİ
ոջҪӵˣ˲ûʲô飬ֿ϶ڱǸɴ϶һֱˣһģֿʼȥѾѾ
ΪĽϸѾѾĵһӣճڣûֵġ
ѾѾĽ֮ǰѾ˺֣ܶǶС֣ǵĴӾͲˡ
ֱİ졣
Сʮ˵ʮһźͬе㱻˵Сܣſ޴ߣ˵Сܣ㻹ûǰɣүү˵ˣ˵ǹùøС÷ĺӣҪùùøС÷ȡġ
ҿùæӣС÷æŸùӣǿܶûʱȡ֣Ҹȡְɡ
ʮһ磬ҵĴȣҪҰҵַһɣԺͽô
ȣȸһһҵĵһӣţԺͽȰɡ
ѾѾùȥ˿ʮһ˵Ļͬʮһȡ֡
ҴӵԴ˶¡
ںܳһʱڣԼֿ϶ǵ׿˼ڤģԢǶİֱһʮһ֪ڼȻֻǸѡ
ȻǺ֮ܶˣڵǣСѻͦŬģԼ˺ܺÿӣڼĵλ̧ˡ


754 ƪԬڳ

Сѵİϣﻹ˺ܶĿˡ
оСѵĽơ
ĽƵ׹УͼһЩıҵ飬ˣĽϵ£Ľȴǻ
ĽǸǷǷˣȻһʼʱ򣬵֪ԼôĴʩӭ׵ѶЩھһ֮ؿʼ
֪СҪ磬
ĽϿĽһۣʱ˵ԼȥǳСӡ
Ͷһڱͣȥˡ
ӣ˶࣬ǣΪȥ͸͸
䣬ֱӱѾѾӺɽϷɱȥ
Ľ㶣ǡþʮһˡ
ɽׯڣ½½ص롣
ǵиѾѾĽеˣҲиûʲôĴٹˣһŷĺԭΪĽϸѾѾǰˢˢڸеġ
һͿʼѯʣүأҹȥǴк
õĻӦǣ֪ûǡ
ĽϸѾѾǰ˧ڸУֻ˶ΣȥСǰˢڸС
ǵ뵱УСڵĵط϶ռڣǳҲڣõĻ˵Ҳڵġ
Ҳ˳رȥˣСѻ·ֻҪû˱ҪҵǺ׵ġ
ɵȥСǰʱһɵˡ
⡭ȷӦüǧ谮һСү
İϣȻһҡϰ춼û˹ȥ
ǸСүڿˣܹȥ𣿡
һʹ֣Щˡ
С߻ѾŵģбҪæסˣ˵ү˵ˣСүǸӺɷ򣬲ܳҪ޾ޣˣͲˡ

ȷ
Ǻүô˵ˣҲĶȥ
ֻͼնһᣬĿԽԽ
룬һӳˡ
ģΪǣСߺܿһͶûУڿš
û֪ڿʲôڲ²⣬ڿԼԿ޵ͣˡ
˵μСѰıͼûѾѾĽϣҲûκȥСѡ
һȺܻɣȷСүڹ
Ƿ·ֻЩȻһٷ˼Ҷûгֹ

Сѵİ磬¿϶Ҫϯġ
ϷϹ
һɽׯûȥСѣͱԬʸˡ
һ뿪ǾһŸ£ѾѾ֮ǰҲֻĵػһᣬ뿪ˡ
¿ǰЩԬʣ˵ʲô
ɡ㡭
Ԭеˣջѿڶ˵֮¶û˵ʲôԼȺˡ
ҡҡͷһ˵㿴ѾѾĽϺӶˣٲ׵ĻʱǵĺӶǵĺˣԣǵʱǵĺӸǵĺһԶʱ򣬶ˡ
¸ոտʼԬʵʱЩͷģԬ˵ĻȻ˼
ĽϣѾѾû³ʲôʳ
аѾѾʲôץȸ氡֮ĶóˣȵԺ϶иóԵĶġ
˼
֮˵ǳװɣúʳϡ
ǣСѵİ֮ӭһϲ¡
Σ˸ϵֶˡ
ϾԬڴϳģԵرá
ʱԬ׹ļҲˣʱԹݹġ
ԬǣµȥõʱﻹЩʡ
ڵ֪ԬھǹôãǺѵʱǻڵóӶˡ
˵лдϱһῴѾѾĽϣһῴԬʸ£ϱͿʼֱ̾
ѾѾСԬǶˣǼ滨ǹһˣҲ֪ʲôʱܱˡ
滨ѾѾԬʿ˵һ鳤ˣڿˣΨ滨һˣôϱβء
ԬʳײûϹټҵˣϹټҵ˻ˣǼϹʽܡ
Ϲʽܸʮȡ֮˵ѾȢһСٵŮӭ˼С檽ţ檵ĴͳͦãֻϱȢô࣬˵ϢȴԽԽأ˿Щˡ


755 ƪ ϾʹƱ

ʺ̫ıһ£ϹټΪǰƲ˹ϵǼϽԪϵĹϵֻûϹټҵıȨδΡ
ΪϹټһϻάԭ״ֻѾûôˡ
ϹʽҪʱϹϽѾǰҪ£ûץϹټҵİѱ
ֻǣ滨ϹʽϾ¶ı顣
óô죬ѵһѾô
Ϲʽһܺõĥ滨ķӣŴϱ߹ȥ
ϱǵڶǣһΪѾѾס
ǴǻȽϾռҸҵˣĿ˶ܿ
Ƕ˵ˣ˶ǷǸģϵ˲һ˲ܵˣпܾ͸ռ´鷳
֣ʵҲͦܺദˡ
Щӹл̫ǣͦദġ
ǿϻǸˡ
Ǿͷ
ȻûϴôľнˣϤ˹ǻʶؽš
Ϲʽһϱ;öģ·ŵһʺʺʺζ֪ũ˿϶ÿʺ򽻵ġ
ǿҪŻĸоһ߸ϵڣϹټҵĹӣϹټǾǵĴ壬жǴԼȥһ˾ˣڹҪǣҪȢǼ滨
Ǽ滨֮ǰһһĴããڳߣҲǸѾ߶ѣԸȢѾĸˣҲָýȢӭš
̧ʲôҲǲܵˣǻȥ˵һԼϴɾˣãȥϹټҵĺţһȥŵġ
ǣ͵ǰ˾УЩӾ͵ˣԺ󲻹ôҲϹټûйЩ򽻵
˵ʱ򣬻ӻͳ˶ʮԪʩһȥ
ϱûнӡ
ϱɫܺõӣȥʱ򣬴͸˵˴ʮӡ
Щ޴룬֪Ϲʽ˵Щʲôͷ
ͷʱ¶˲ǿŸӵһʯ׹
ɫĵ׹ǰʱ򣬴͵ģһӡ
ɾٰģΪʱĶǱʯʯ֮ģͽᶨһһʯʯࡣ
ĺܶ˶ȥǳᡣ
ǽкܶ඼μԬʸµĳ״䡣
мǡôʱվϹʽܸԼϱǱϡ
һϳ˴Ҳϳ˴ϱһͷ
ϹʽܵĻ΢΢һ£ֿ۵ǸĶʮԪζЦЦµؼԵ졣
ǲˣ
ϱЩԼݡ
Щ궼ڴѾѾһЩ⣬ԼҲЩ⣬ڴ￪˸һͷ⣬ȥǱһɽúܴ󣬽Ӵ˶ˣ֪Ͷࡣ
Ҳ֪ԼûϹʽ˵ĻҪݡ
ɫʱī
۵⡣
ϱ󣬿ںܷŭ޲ҪõȥϹʽܣҲʲô
֮ǰѾھǲӾ˲ġ
Ὣ˷˵ȼʿụ̃ģھǸǵȼ
ֻӣûȨƵĻھǾֻܼβˣҲᱻˡ
ǵҲǵԼʲôģ»ռˡ
ȷʵ֪ѾѾǳˣѾѾֲǻģǶǾһٹûʲôʵȨģǲѾѾٹˡ
ŭ⣬˵ϹٹӣʵںܱǸǼ滨ǰЩѾ˶ˣֻܹˡ
ˣ
ϹʽЦˣرЦΣҪ׵ѵȵϱ
һãһѾߣ׵ˣҲһ˶ѣֱȡ¾Ͱˣǻ˼Ҷ׵ʱǼƸʮӾٴһ㣬ٸʮӣǸ˵ƸʣµӶǵˡ
ǿʣµļʮڴｨһ·ˡ
ˣҲ˵ˣһЩ˵;ûǻȥ֮Ͻ滨͹ˡ
һʮԪ˳
ϱûнӡ
ϱŵϵԪЩɻ
ǵĴ˼ҳŶԪ
ƽʱֻһЩƱصúˡ
ڲЩʱ⡭


756 ƪ£Ǯ˼

Ϲʽܸ߸ϵ´֮󣬿ľǴϱˡ
ϯ֮˻صھǵļҡ
ǵļңȥѾѾ׵ʱ򣬵լӡ
ֲȱˣټ滨ǳڶסھǵģ滨ʱסլźѾѾ
ǻǸ滨ھ˸լӡ
ֻǣֻ˻ˣ滨ѾѾɽׯȥѾѾСѡ
شլӵĴϱüġ
Ǻã
ҲܳվǱȴ׳ϱҪ侲һġ
˵ȥϹټʲô˼ҡ
䣬׳ϺԼȥϢ
ҲǱ߳Ǯ˼ˣΪİȫҪôģǵʱҲĸ
Ϲټҡ
Դӻʺ̫Ӷ֮ϹϽɫûÿ
ڣϹϽϹٽһ飬һЩʲôһ㣬鶼ࡣ
ϹϽӣһ˵ǼڵıȨûˣͷϻıЩٶˡ
ǣֻ֪ǡ
Ϲٽ¶Ϊ֮ɫ֮ǰΪ˸ʺ̫Ӵ㣬ǼҵѾòˣҪЩ»ǳ
Ϲټ佫оǻУھ̷ȴһ㣬Ϊھô棬ϹټҵʲǱȽϱġ
ο֮ǰΪ˰ʺ̫ӴһУѾ˲١
ڻҪʿʵ
ϹϽԾָƣ˵Ǹɵܵܽճף˲ˣвһҷ֮ˣȥϵǣǺܶ඼ֻͨˣûȨûƣܸϹټϹϵǶȻǺġ
ϹٽͷӦǡ
ű㿪ʼȥЩǮ˼ҵ˾ǡ
մϢʱ˫
մׯ˼ҳΪãڴϹ֮һӣſʼЧ漫ãһʮӡ
Եɺ֮£ȥһ˲ܺõػ˼ǧӣһɽ
ɽдıʯ䣬һԾΪֿȵĸԣ˼ҡ
²ϢһЩȽϱϢ
ֻ鵽մʲôȴû鵽մΪʲôĻ컯ġ
ׯ˼ҳȴȻӵ˴ӣûеȨƣЩӿ϶زסġ
ϹٽѾ⡣
Ըȥȥմס
֮ϹٽȥԺߣһ߳ԺӣͿϹʽܺȵش
üͷû˵ʲô
룬תȥ˸ڵ÷԰ϸ¸ӭȢŵС檡
ϹʽܶѾǸˣϹټ˶ߣֻϹʽôһӣ뽫Ѫȥġ
ϱûϹʽҪȢ滨ȥС檵ѾѾ»ѾѾ鷳ֻڼųȥϹټϢ
ܿʹϢˡ
ϹټǻʺңǴ󽫾ʱ򣬴ϱȺȻһ¡
⡭ô죿
ǿһ󽫾Ǿһļ壬϶ɵǼҵġ
⡭Ǻð
ʱŷүˣϹٽݷá
ϱɫ˲䶼ɫɷס
ЩվȵĴϱŷû˵ʲôģ
ţҪǹ滨ȥģ˵ڼңȻϴ滨뿪ǣҲ滨Ϊֹܽ滨ȥ檵ġ
ŷӦƺ˺ܶ˵ҪݷһЩү˵ġ

ϱȻؽƸȥ롣
ϱ֪ؿŴǺã
˼ܵĿԵ֮ҡҡͷȻǲУԷǸ󽫾Ҫץ׾٣ܲԺһӶôزصġ
սȭͷڣ
ҪŸ֮飬֮Ƿ滨ȥ檵뷨
⣬ϹٽһˣӾȻҲˣ
ϹʽܿϹٽҲͦģϹٽǶӦģϹٽӦҲΪ˰滨ؼȥ顣
ϹٽЦЦ
ϹٽЩο뵽ûʲôõĶӣҲˣ֪һ˵մǼҺɽȨһǼҡ
˺ܿ͸߽ȥ
մӣټҲѾѾôĵˣһסլӣҲǵϲװ޵øûʵġ
Ǵ󷽣һװ޵ôÿլӸס


757  ƪ 㿴ɻ

մǲΣ֪ǵϰôģΪ˲滨װ޷ӵʱ򣬶ôôװġ
ΪլӵɢŽǮϢ
ϹʽܵϲãЩˡ
ϹٽϹνܱϣĻ¶ɻֵؿ
˵լǳǵģ
ϹٽϹʽܵϲò࣬ϲЩŹĶҲǾ⴦լͦõġ
ϹʽȻӦǿ϶İȻǼôסôõլӡ
ϹٽüͷƺﲻԾһʱҲ˵ﲻԾ
ǡãѾϱǰ
ϱǰȻҲٴ٣ϻǴɽʱȥԹǻǲ֪飬֪ˣҲǸѾѾһҲŸЩٻһġ
ЩǰǾ͸ࡣ
ǻǵһֻǵһʱ򣬽Ӵ١
ǣŴϱֱ֣οο漴һ˵ϹٽϹٹӣ֪λݹ٣Ϊ£
ڶԷû֮ǰҲֱ˵
ϹʽܸϹٽ˶ΪԷĿǸԼһġ
Ϲʽܿһ¶һı飬ͷԼɣġ
漴׼ڡ
ϹٽǵһοϹʽǰôеӣͷǳοҷȿڡ
ҲװˣĿĺܼ򵥣ǽ滨ѾʮƸ𣬾֪ط޸ŮӵƸѾˣʮӶǼҼʮŮҲ֪ˣһһǮղ
䣬ϹʽܻϹٽ¶һ佱顣
·ֵöһ
Ϲٽ
˵ⶼʲô
ѵɵûշ˹ǲϴͼֵһӵʮӾȢǼҵĹŮ˵ʲôλ
Ȼܶ϶Ӽ̫ϣ
ϹٽһĵϹʽͷϡ
æǽ͵үշˣСڿЦģǲý⣬ǧô㣬ҼС򲻸ҸʵģǲҪĻ档
Ϲٽ˵⻰ϹʽܾͲǺܰˣ˵ʲôϹټҵĹӣҪȢһũҵСѾͷ檣ʲôԵġ
졣
ϹٽŭĳģŭжֱӽϹʽһ˳ȥ
үշˣȮӵǲҪϣҽҪ̸̸顭
ԴϹʽ̬ܵȲͬдϱ˵ʱϹٽ̬ȺõЩġ
ôһϱһһ㶵ġ
⡭
ô£
ûҪôӦ滨ˡ
ס
滨ոϱкŷƫﻹˡ
ϵϹٽϵñߵǽߴ̬ЩϹʽܡ
ϱϹٽϹʽܵһ׵ûڴ͵С
滨˶ûз֡
ûзָ滨ɡ
滨ҲǸԬʴСһ鳤ģΪԬʳĴ£϶ҪæǰæģɳڶԬĪϲԬҪĴҲǸæǰæ
ææţæһȥˡ
ɸѾѾһִĻѬչΪ˴˲һż棬ûʲôŻ֮
һ統ûɵϲԬһҲûɵؾ;úȢ滨ؼҲ
뷨δ滨˵ǴŸ滨ؼöĻᣬֱӸдϱ˵ġ
Լδ϶ҪԼȥȡ˵ҲԼǿŵĵ
û׼óһǧӵƸȢϱֱӾ͸̰˾Űپʮȥˡ
ӣˣû뵽
Ϲٽɵʱȫûгļӣ˵ʱ򣬻ֺõӡ
Ȼ׸ѾѾĽϣѾѾ̫ˣĽҲţڴҾǾ׸ʵɲһһܿŵĵ˺ܴ󷽡
ĲƸǽѾѾĴڡ
ȱӵϹټ˵ֺմǣʵȥֺɡ
ɵӿ϶ǱմҪܶܶġ
ԣ˵ͷ滨ֵʱ򣬾ʹ滨йص飬Ȼ֪Ϲʽܶ滨¡
Ҳû˵Ļͷ򴽣Ϲʽ߹ȥ
̧ţĿĿɡ
Ϲʽһҽ֮ޱ˵ϹٽϹٹӱ˸֮󣬾ɻˣΪӦøϽȥҴˡ
㡭
ϹٽַŭֶҴææشϹʽˡ


758  ⣺˫

ʶ˺֮ܶѾѾ뵽Ӧʲôȥ
İ񣬹˫
ѾѾļ䵱УĵһƯþ޵ӡ
Ǽҵǵʱ򿴵ģڳʱһֱӡѾѾ棬Ϊļ䡣
ҲΪռĲµˡ
ѾѾԼٶ¡ĶӣһԷ·𼫶Ȳܳ裬Ǹ¶һڶˣʱˤһһӶûȥֻԼĵأǿģѾһСѡ
һ
Ա߼ɩڸ̾
ѾѾ㿴㣬滨ԬʣЩĺӶˣСһôõˣӶˣʦĺӸǶܸˣ׸绹ǹһˡ
ʵ˲İ㿴ǲҪúð
Ļÿ˳׵ʱɩӶ˵һεġ
ǰļֻ˳һ⣬涼һģһѾѾܱˡ
ǵ׵˶֮ǰһ϶ҪӵˣѾѾȻһĸЩƣȻûĹԼĶӣܶʱܹԼиӵģı˵Ķˡ
磬Ҳ׵顣
ţ֪ˣͺ˼
ھھǣζ¥⡣
ζ¥ѾûʲôϵˣҲûζ¥
ֻⷲһֱ׾뿪˰ζ¥֮Ҳñãټϰζ¥ΪⷲĹƣս˥䣬ⷲͿʼ׸¥⡣
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