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˾㵣ƫƫ̨£Ŷȣ˫ֽգ̬;Ƭ

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½ѪŭЦ˫ɺؽѹǽϣ촽򣬼ȻˣⱲӾͱˡ

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 1 

³߿ƶ䱻͵ǡ
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˵ףƶһҲų⡣Ϊǰɽ﷢ʯǽִ
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ƶЦ⽥ˣЩꡣӦûϲԼİɣ϶ᣡһϵе裬˷İ塣
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ʱƶߵͨ죬ˣת񽻻㣬Ķһ¡С޴ؽͣҡҲǣǣСķ
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лҪ˵С䣺ۺúÿСķСڣ~

 2 

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ִһɫ˲䰵°͵˼֣ôĻ
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Ժûҵҵķ䡣ִ䣬ɫ̧ߵǰ¡ȥɡ
Ŷƶһ˲׹䣬ҧ´
ִˣôЩ

 3 

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ִûһֱ̧ۣȣ󲽴󲽵ߡ
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Ȼ齭ִ磬Ľгһɬ
ִûӣббǽϣ΢


 4 

ǸŮģִ
ƶҡͷǣԼҪ͵ġЦţеζ˫ֽøЩִ硣
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ԺҲи磡
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ëԼˮûҪȥ
ƶʪ͸ͷˮڵϣſžͿˡһ˫ʪŽִʵأҽ㶼ӦΪˡ
ˡһڡ䰡
Ůһֻˮɿġ
ִӸһɾë׼ȷϣƶһ߲һ߿ޣûôӦأ㶼֪ж຦£û£Ҳˮ
ˡִվǰȥ
ƶҧŴֻܿޣǱŵòᡣִקߡãӾˮӣ
ƶͻȻĴ֣壺ӣҲǴһ㣬µֻһʱУѡ
ֱִĨһѡͷš֪ˡ
ҲҪ˵ᶨҲҪ¡
ִǸЦŲ޵ôСѸ
ƶ䷴һû޸ء
㵣ʲô
գգۣȣΪΪϲ㡣ԥԥģջ˵ڡ
յûͳˣǻ˵ҿġƶһڡ
Ůմһ̿㣬һİɫѪڱˮߵʪ͸ˣ߾¶˳СȱŮӷ磬СظԲԲĹĵͦţһСϸӯӯ̿˫ѩֱ
ִϣƶʪСһ¾ͺ͸ˣҧʺ´
һطϴ軻·ȥˡߡ
˵Ǵ죬Ůӱ庮ƶðˡȻӷ䣬Լûֿʼȣκʹ
ͷֻʱ䣬ǰҹ㡣˶˯ˣҪȥҩأ
һԽܣ𴲣ߵִſڣš
þúþã涼û춯
ˣǲҪŽִ˯ˡƶתȥŶЩˮԼ˯һ˵ͻá
󣬷ſˡ
ôˣִǸ˯ѵɳơ
ƶҺˡ
ȵĸӦƹͣȻܿСһźͮͮҲģִ߹ȥԼͷͷ
ƶʶˡ
𶯡ִϸϸ¡
С̵þˣҲǹ̵ġ
ȥҽԺִ
ƶԺģվŶۣӿǽϳţԲȥ𣿳Եҩͺˡ
յʵ̫ˣִ¥ɵСɵӣȥͳɴɵˡ
Ҳɵƶ
˵ݣƶͻȻӡִͷüôˣ
ƶ̧һźСյõѪĺ촽Сȵضִ磬߲ѽ
鷳ִͷĵͳһǻᱧԺߡ
ִĻʵ͸ĪĸƶδйİȫУʲôˣݶˡƶۣ˯ȥ
ִ˷ŵʻϣۺðȫƵһ߿һ·ʻҽԺſڡ
ҵʱƶתѣִվſڣҽȥˡִ硣
ִվǰ
Ҫ𣿡Ҳ룬ҽҿҩˣ´ˡ
˵ţ볳һˮҪˡ
ˣСһִ˵ʿոҩȥˣ˵õÿЩ
˵ţһŮƶ䣬
ֻ߽ͷϹһƿҩˮ˳͸£һϸϸССʿˮ
ʿĻħƵģƶŵһæ㵽ִһ˫Сɪɪ°ڡ
ִ磬Һ£ҲҪСﵨ
ִתƶવС
ƶֱҡͷˣִ硣
ִƷ͡ϴƶҪܣһ˫ִֶݺ߬ס
ȻŻʿǼϸֱѪܣһǿ˷բţôֹסˡ
СʱȥˣԴڱĿޣﻹССʲô
˵ʲô֪ʲôִǰһѳıӡ
ƶ۾ģ㡣
ãҲϲ㡣ִмһˣҩͷСѾͷƬӣ


 5 

ִȥˮֻСﻹڿޣŮ˿ˣˮصСϣҩٿޣ
һ죬ˮ˳ƶ̧΢΢׵ۣŽִŭĲĬĬ˿
ִȥˡ
ƶûҺֻҩСĵĽɫֽŷֿŴССöҩʮšƶȰСҩˣʣŰɫҩ衣ɫҩܴĿԼʲȥ
ҽִˮҲѾˡ
쳤ƣŷŵĸִڴ绰
СǾưɺˣ鷳һ¡绰һİǾưɵķԱ
ִ䵭ҲǡȻҶϵ绰
ʮӣ绰ִ
ǽнִǰɣС˵ѣȷϹԱºò鷳
ִüɫҲǣ
ֹ˵绰
绰ٶ
ִĻˣɫɭ䣬Ǳͳ⣺˵һ飬Ӳʶ
ཡ绰һæԱֻģС㣬λˡ
ʮŮʱ塣
ɫ̫ãһƣ˵ãˣҺȾǡ
СǴģ˵ִɽִȴӶߵֵ˺üȫ๾¶ӡ
ִ˵绰濴öƶߡ
һᣬִ߽ȥͷСϻʣҩôʣģǽڷָСϣôá
ƶҡͷǣûˮˡ
ִƳһ۱ӣȥһˮԣ
ƶ俴Ŵҩ裬ҧҧ˵̫ˣҳԲ¡
ִƵĲϣôСһأҲȽϸɡȴЦôҪҽι㣿
ǣǲˡƶüͿԡ
ִĸ鿪ʱĵĵ绰ִ˹ִͨᡣ
Ǳ߽εεִҺûǮҲܿˡ
ƶæһˮҩȥִ̧ķӦ
ִʣȫûиղʱĲͷ
ҹõ塣˵
ִһƶ䣬ţʮӺ󵽡
绰Ҷϣƶʽִ˭־òãֻͨѰɣŮȴҧôĵӸ˵
˭ִӸµؿ
ƶ䣺˭ѽ
÷ģϲҡ
ƶ䴹ͻȻһ£Ŷ֪ˡ
ҪҪȥ
ƶ˵ҪɺǱסһ㣬˵ȥȥﻹҪղ˵ϲԼѵϲǸĵ
ţҪǲҪִһ顣
ҪȥȥʲôƶﲻܣڲģһŮӺ˾ƣȫȥɡ
ִɫȻһЦܺãܶ¡˵̧Ⱦˡߵſ˵ԺԼ򳵻ؽݡ
ŹϣƶһƲ۲ֿ֣
¥ִͨһ绰ӣȥҹõȥ
绰Ǳߺִܳ磬˵ʲô
ִҶϵ绰ֱӸ˷ϢշȥǱҲޱĬķһϢִ磬Ϣ߶̫ˡ
Ϣ󣬶ִַ磬Сϲ㣬ǽȥһɱҰ
ִƳһֻۣһ֣
ҽԺסһϣƶȥһʿʸǮûСʿ˵Ѿˣֱ߾Ϳԡ
Ŷллƶ㬵ţִѣδ򣬲ϲδ
վҽԺſڣƶͻȻؽˣҪɽ㣬йùùøǾôϲ˽ִ꣬ôôϲûһŬţƶ־òãʷ
ڽִ粻ϲԼԺҲϲѽ
һýִϲԼģʲôģͲµģ
ƶԼʹŴЦˡߵ·ߣ̧
ͻȻקһ£һϴִ磿ɻ
ִָ̧֣ƶͷϣģ
ѽ̧࣬˼ֱԹ
۲ԣ䵭
ƶ俴Լҩô͸ء㲻ȥ÷𣿻˵Լ򳵻ȥġ
ҵĳִ
롣ƶ
ȻСһСŸһȥͣ
ƼԺſڣִĳæϣ䣬ôЩûеķƶ³
ƶǳǳЦţƼ̣û¶ֻСðѡѾˡ
ˣٲҶҪȥҽԺˡƼ̸˸Լؿڣ˼ȥһ롣
ţáллƼ̡
һ뼦¶ǣƶﶼůˡϵҩûгԣһˮڲ輸ϣҩʼҩ
ֻİɫҩѾˣǽִ𣿴ҩҲ˵ġ
̧ѲӿһȦûˡʲôʱѽ
һٲĳҩڶƶ;ˬðѾȫˡ˯شǰŶôˣĽִô
ˡ
š
ƶţֻһƯŮվſڣϻžµױݣһƫְҵ֪ŵװĵ毺ãСɩӣû˯أ
СɩӣֳڽݣǱƼ̵ŮִͬĸýûˡƼ˵ʮˣҲڼĹ˾ϰࡣ
һСɩƶˡ
Сɩӣڡٻᡯˣ̸Ӧأİ˵
лƶˣֻ˵һ֡
ʧ䣬˵˲ٵľƣҪҪȥиŮرƯԸУ¡
ǣûŮ顣˵Сɩӣ㿴ǲ˵
ƯԸеŮ飬ãƶԺﶼ仰ת뷨ִ˲ܿûȥǿƼݳΣô졣
ԽԽ£ƶ任·Ҵҳš
ƼվڴǰʧԺĽСӰԱߣ˵ʲôˣ
ЩƼ˵һ顣
ҪʲôƼšüܲͬŮ
裬㲻Ҳýִ𡣽ĻӦø˰ڷĤָϵ㰡㣬㰡㡣
Ƽ̾ǼãҲ룬ȢһɽĹðɵǺǸСôҲùүүҿҲ˶ˣʱְּ̳˼ҵĹɷݣһڵˡ
衣ɱ˽ִҲǰְֵĶӣȫѽ
⻹ǳԴ߷飬衣
סƼ̣ðɣҵɣһ㹴ðְְ㣬ȥİء
Ƽͦͦ壬ǣִɾǱְֱƷ˵ģΪңܲˡ
ۣǸŮܵԼɷϱŮˡ
ƼһЦǸŮ˲룬ʲôˣѪܵ·ϣöģҿֲ
˵Щˡһ
ְ˵ʱŮ¥ʱҪŽִִˣֻ·һѪܵʬ壬Ӷˤˡ
ֲýִôһ⣬ܽŹأ
ƶ򳵵ˡٻᡯ
С㣬ԤԼ𣿡ס
ƶ䣺ûС
ԸбǸСԲܽȥûԤԼǲԽȥġ
ðɡ
ƶ˳ȥĹ㳡ϵȺ򡣵ڣִĵ绰΢ŶûУŵ½ȥһҪǵüϡ
ŵİ輸ϰ˿վƿѤĵƹȥϹŵԵĪ졣
ִһһߣѲƹòᡣ
ӽһŮ˹ִ磬һ˺ȶû˼˵ţޣԸеŮ˵˸۷磬Сĭúִȼ
ţİɣһˡ
úúá
߿һȥӵԼŮ顣ɫӡ
СĭڽִԱ£һƣߵ˳ƾҪйȥһ˫ֲϽֱִۣظŲȥ
ִ档һûڻ谵У顣
ﲻִ磬Ⱥȡ
һϢһֻĴ˲סӣ˱ƹɫﺬɱ
СĭŵӽӲţֱֱͦţ񾪾壬ţֻоҪϢ۾ᣬƴҡͷ
˼״ֱֹͣ죬ʱѻȸ
Сĭ۾ʼۣϹȥÿֱִִۣȷ֣лú˵лú˵
ִŷ֣һ˫΢΢ۿŶӡ
ִ磬ҴˣҵĴӸСĭʹɫϽߣֻͷЦִ̧üģ˫ֳϥϣܵӡ
ԱǶչ˵Ļ
ǺִûȣŮ˵ζŪɳ׾ҹҡһǸ⣬еǳŽִ᲻Ϊ¶ԺͲˡ
ǻС˵ִߡӸȥסͷǽȥִ硣
ƶһڹ㳡Ͻȴóֻʱ䣬Ѿҹһ㡣
ʱԶԶģִһ˷ųƶܹȥִ硣
ûŮʣִ磿ʲôˣ
ɫ޺Ů۰СϣԵýοˡδޡƶ˵־ҪӹִԼ
ֹصúܣôССһģ
еأƶЭðɡ
ͣߣʱʱƶһۣС￴۵úܣִδޣ
ţǧȷƶ˵üᶨ
︹̣ôͻȻðδޣôС
˵طӰѽִںϣƶ䣺Ὺмû
ƶҡͷᣬҲûмա
ðɡչǻȥݻԽ
ƶסˣԽѽ
ִֻ˵Խ塣
ա
ƶʶӣԽʲôط
ӴӺӾƳһۣ㲻δԽ֪


 6 

ԽִԼģƽʱؽݣסԽ塣˵
ϵ˱ۣҲ֪˯ûСƶֱִ̧ۣ£ûзӦӦ˯ˡ
Ϊʲôؽݰƶʡ
ӺһЦûӻ
Сʱ󣬳ʻ⡣ӷ˽ţƶں档ָƣŶһ򿪡
Ӧ𣬷¶ȿڶʮȣʡ
װ޼࣬¥ңڰ׻ҵ⣬ҲǼ
Ӱѽִ£ƶȥϴˮϸĸִϴϴ֣ЬӣȥˮææµµֺվһԿţɫ𽥸ӡ
Сһ¡
ƶųȥôˣ
ʣͻСɣ
ƶʵش𣬡ʮꡣ
ţҲµòࡣӵͷ°ϸƶ䣬Ƭ̺չȥһ㣬С˵ִɲʲôƲ˻͸Ͻ˰ɡǿС˼ź㡣
ƶŭˣûĵôͲƲˣҿŲƲ˲˻ʲô¶
СǺ⣬ȰִԲ򡣡
˭ҪȰ߰ɡƶȥȥ
ӱųţһͷŶˣ͵͵ĳһҧʶġ
ƶصִֻڴߣȥղȾϵһ˲Щ˷ܣˣһ·϶˯أҺһͻġ
˼ҵٻᡯȥˡִ΢ƶ䣬ûأͿʼˣ
ǵģֻǵ㣬˵ˣҾ㡣ƶ͡
ûҪ㡣ССૡ
þöûˣִһĸоǹ˿˿Ц⣬̧ƶͷ˫ա
ƶ䲻㲻ܣϷȣü죬ˮӯӯӿŽִüת
ôô԰СѡɤЩԣȵϢ㡣
ƶûȾƣȴоԼҪˣҪʧԼ
㶰ӣҲСѣδޡ˵һЦü䡣
ղŶӸ˵ʲôűĦ۵С
˵㲻ƲҺ˻顣ƶʵʵ
ô˵ģ벻˻飿
˵ŲƲҲŲҪ˻أԶҪ֪˵ƶҲ֪ߡ
Ůһ˫ӹ峺ɾһ˲˲ؿ
֪ҽʲôȥ𣿡ִݽķ˿Ű档
Ⱦƣ̸⡣
ִ񶨣ǣû̸⡣ƶվڴǰ֫Ὣǰ˵㣬յ˵˸СȾƣĺܺã촽Ҳ𡣡
𣿡ͷ
촽ǸСˣ
ƶۿһ¾ͺˣЦȫʧԭûƭ
ѹôִʡ
ѹһѹƶҡͷʹҧ´ŲỨҿ
ԼҪϲģϲûдͱҲûдģˣ治
úϢɣһȥˡƶԼͷ֣ת
һ룬ֵôˣˡ
վƶǰûؽݣЩһ˲ȫɤŵõᣬ΢΢òã
ղûпޣôĶ˵ƶһá
Լ׽͸
ƶ˯ڸڵĿͷʪָɣʪһԸҪԸķĵ˼ֹסҪޡ
ſţԺ˯ȥ
ڶһƶˣЦġ·ִķţŵģûˡ
ڽݵʮ죬ִ֪гܵϰߣӦǳȥˡ
¥򿪱ҳԵģһɫĿȪˮʲôûУȥ߶ոµģûù˵Եˡ
öѽסֱеĶӡ
ʳˮûУƶֻһƿˮڣˮҲѽ
ʱִͻˡ
ţ̺
ִӸƶסһֻһ˷ݣʣִ磬㲻ô
ִ¥ϴҳԹˡ
Ŷ
ƶڲǰ£Լһ˰ģССڵĳԡɿڣϲţʵ̣Ҳܺθڡ
ˣִҲô¥
ƶܵǰû˵Ⱥˣһ˫Сֱ㷲ġ
л˵æúܡִһۡ
ң˵ƶ仹һ˵ڣֽˡң㲻Ҫ
ִƿҪš
ƶ䵨ĻţתڽִǰԺҪŮ׺òãҿԸסһȣһʲô˵
괽Ǻ޵ˮģõ廨һ㡣
ִƿ̧ĨմŵһмЦСﻹǵ졣һСǶƻǼߵģ
֪֮Ҫʲô𣿡ִ£ǺЦ
ƶۣãȻʣҪʲô
СﻹʲôءִЦЦʲô
У㲻üƼԼҲ㡣ִ˵þȻ
ƶӵ޵ݡ
СִޱǶףȻδޣҲֻϵģ˵ʵҶûи飬ϲ
ҺСһ𳤴󵽵ģӦҵ˼𣿡
ƶ䣺ϲ𣿾ƻǵĸ飿
ִ΢΢üش
ƶص˿ûϵģĻϲҿԸүү͹ù˵ףҿ˻ġ
ûˣ۾ɬ÷ۣҲһһۣǿһ̣ϢС
ţܴȥɡִ鵭ҪὭ𣿡
ˣԼ򳵻ȥ
ƶӱﲻô򳵣˲жʮӲųɹһʦȥɽݡ
ִ·һ·ƶ䵽˽ݣֻûн԰Ϩ˻ͣ档
ƶ䲻֪ôͽүү˵˵ʰ˵Լɽˣסٻ
үүҲûзԣӦˡ
ƶ䶩ĻƱƼ䣬Ƽ̻ġ
ţסͻˡƶһЦģеѹѹĿڡ
ȥͺ͹ùùø˵ùùóסͷһ۽ݣϵǾޱ𣬿Ҳġ
ʱ䣬Ѿڽסһˡ
ڻȥˣһӶٻ
ִ磬һǺϲ㣬ΪϲˣҲϲ㣬Ǳ˴໥ϲҾǶģƤĲҾͳ˻Ůˡ
ŮˣὫݸĵףһᵭĮȻ󳹵ȴ
ߵ԰⣬ƶ̲סˣӱϥǴޡ


 7 

ִڳԶڵССһţüβ΢ǻЦ
ԼʮӣƶĨɾᣬվߣһŸɫ䡣ǰͣһɫ·ǽִġ
࿴ۡ
·ʱ̽ͷ㣿ִ䵭
ƶ⻹δɣë϶žӨҡҡͷˣԼ򳵡

ִûʲôģ
ƶ俴һŭ庮ɭƱˡ
ʱˣƶ׼ŽʵЩأϳϸߣͷŲȥ
ִһֱֻɵİźˡ
ƶ䱾Ҫߣǳȴ
ǰ棡
Ŷ
ȥȫۺãִͷղŶĶʲôô𣿡
ûУһˣЩ᲻Ƽ̣᲻үүƶ䶼ҿС//ţ//׹///ӡ
˭
ƶ͵һۣ衣
ִɫȻǣƳЦһ¡Ʊʲôʱģʡ
ƶ䣺ˣӵġ
ڹȥʱ仹ܿԣż
үүǱûи绰ִ֪Сﻹû˵˻飬ϣ˸٣һ·
ʱѾһˣƶ³ú񣬲֪ǶִܽǸʱ䣬ͷҲصĴҴߣó֤ȡ˵ǻƣָ
ִһֱظ棬ǰҪˡִȥƶͷżľңң
˫ֲ嶵΢΢ɢ̬۽Ҳ
ִ磬ˡ˵ᡣ
ִͷ
ƶҧҧתתִȥ˽͸Ļ˫ְסˣСš
˸ִȻ̧˫Ҫƿֻس˱ļ΢΢
ôˣʡ
ƶ䱧ýС°ͿĿڡ
ִϲ㣬ϲϲ㡣Ҳ˲࣬޲ýǻİ˵ĺϲ
Ůһ˫ɾޱȵ鴺⡣
ִɫһ䵭ĺϲ
ƶƵֱͷǼЩ죺ţϲϲϲ
㻹ҪߣҪ˻飬ϲô⣬𣿡ִָ̧ĨĨϾӨۡ
ƶ䱻סˣð˵
Χ·ʱʱ˿ǡ
ţءִĴֲһƷ˿ϸġ
ƶ䣺ǵģϲģΪ㲻ϲң÷మأҲǵĸ飬Բž˻飬Ҫߵġ
ˣҪȥˡִ˵
ƶסˣʲô˼ѽ
ִһĨ޵Ц⣬Ȼͷյƶߣɤͳ벻ҧ䣿
ΧƶһºˡûִܾѾסҧСתһȦ
ӿƶﶼˣԴƮƮģˮһķ
оı仯ִʣϲϲ
ƶߵòУֻС
ֱִӰƶ䱧ֻһֱֻ۵Ůһһֻס䣬󲽳ߡ
ƶˣӷ̣Сִ˿ԼĺúѽôԶ·ƶûб任һ£ͣŽʻ
ִ磬ֱ᲻᣿鲻飿Щǵʣ˾Ͳܿˡ
ִΪ⣬ڶǼĥøֽǣͭǽڡʲôʱʼϲҵģ
ƶʵ˵ǰҵǴΡ۽һһʧӣȴǵˡ
ִ΢̧СǾͺúϲңȫȫ⡣
˫ۺˣƶĿԣ鲻Խػش𣺡á
ҪҪʡ
ƶ䣺Ҫʲô
ִͦε㸲һֳֻƶͷαϣһֻգĴָָѩĦ
ΧƵȫϢƶ·𱻻գҡ
ҧ䣬ҪҪִɤƣ΢ȵٵĺ촽ϣƿεСɶ
ƶ俴ߣӢıƻˣͷһ˫Сַյý
ִƫͷ΢ȴֻᴵ˿
𿪣ֱ塣ƶüգһ˫ˮӯӯһۣȻСһ
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ִ磬ϲϲʲô÷ģƶˡ
ϲִѿڴ
Ǻã֪ˡ΢΢С°ͣ۾ЦЩ˵Ժúϲִȫȫϲִ
ʱ˵ʱЦеģǵǳǳ
ִֹ̧Ǽи硣
ִ硣ƶĻ
صݣִȥ鷿ʮӺֳˣڿҵƶ䣬ֱֻԼĵ绰룬ּ΢š
ҺүүҪһܡ³ͷúõģ¸Ҵ绰
ƶ᲻ǵͷţȥɡ
ִͽүүˣݾֻʣƼ̺ƶ䣬֮ǰż⼸춼ڼҲȥ˾
Ƽ̿ģүүһͲȥϰˣ
ɳŪԼָףүүڹ˾ұָ˭ѽڼϢϢԼСóȥ
֪Ƽȥ˭ҪˣŬɼүүȻĿ࿴
ͷѽ裬÷
ҷҿҲֻҵӲûӳҲڻûʧҪִҲ
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Сɩӣҿڿˣȥҵˮɡʹ
Ƽ˽һۣ裬ˮתͷƶЦ䣬ģûûС
ƶҡͷû¶
ˣվƶСɩӣΪҵϱô򵥰ʲôиˡ
С˾ﲻæǼѧɣ˻ʽʽ㣿廨Ʒ𣿡
˵ɽﳤģƶҲǱǧٳģСû񣬽˵Щᡣ
ƶҡͷ
ɣʲôᣬѧŲϲأ죬˸ۣŲԣʸ֦̰Ľ١
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ߣߵػط䡣
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ڶʮӣȥҵ裬Լˡ
ƶС㣬ζȥɡæժˣ
ļҲ˵ƶС㣬ȥɡ
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ãƶСɣҽ㡣
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ԷʱƶĺƼ̺ͼԼȥˣƶͽˡ
õڴҨһףݵǳǳһڡ
ʲôѽ̫ѳˣôôѳԡιһСȫ˳Сɩӣ죬ȥҵˮ
̫ѳˣҸоҪˡͣ¿ˮֽʹĲ졣һӡ
ƶһˮݸ
Ҳ֪ǲǹģһ³ȥֱµƶȹϡ
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ƶ䣺㡣˵ţ¥·
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ʱ򣬻һݸ㡣
Ŵ𣬺óԼˡ
裬ʲôأǰģ͹ˣҪСɩѽܹһƶӡ
Сɩӣɱˡ³
죬ƶһ춼ûгԵԼȥԵģǽȴҪߣԼӰҿӰ
ڴϣƶóֻ㿪΢šöϵﻹǰ֤ϢִͷһƬɫ΢ֺܼһдġJ
ִ綼ˣҲûԼϢҪҪϢһأӦúæ뱻˴Űɡ
۾һ㿪Ź񣬿Ƿʲôأ
ˣǲˣһæ
Сʱ˼붷ƶ仹ǸִȥһϢִ磬˯
ʮ㣬Ӧûû˯ɡ
ֻȰȣȰȣһֱȵʮ㽭ִûлظƶƤŲס˯ˡ
ڶһۣƶͷִֻûлظ
һ죬ƶ䶼ֵġ
ϣѧںԼȳһڣ˵ζּΡȻٳ¶Цݡ
裬㳢ΣƶҨһס
ͷ΢Цţζ
ƶ俪ĵĽһһ׵ҨʣһʱֱӶɰ
˻ɰعֱ̣˲һƬƤ塣
״æƶַŵˮͷ³塣һҪȻҪݶŧ
Ӵô۵֣̺ôһƬö۰۲ѣüͷš
ƶ䰲οû¶Ҳûۡ
ֱûôˣƶŶŴѳȥڲ溰СɩأûҶˡ
ˡƶŲӿ졣
㡣ĥĥģͷƶָҪѴѷԼλǰ
Ƽ̴¥һ۾ͿվſɫĽִǱָ߽ʹƶŲˡ
ȿȡƼѽ
Цӯӯģ裬ԷСɩϴοɺ̫ˡ˵ţҨһ׺ȡ
ִԭֻԹ۵ĿŲǱߣֱƶֱϵһƬ죬Ǳ̳ģ̧߹ȥ
żúĺɫ£ӲԳ
ִ磬ƶ俴ӭȥϲԾ۵Ц⣬һʢǡ
ֱִƿƶ䣬ߵǰһ˫ۼֱǹЮ˱꣬ҲƵģֱӶѽˮӽļȥ
۵ֱУʲô
һԵƶҲôˣƼ̸ŵôҴ
顱һ죬ִˤڵϣƬɽСȼʹš
ִŪˣȰְֻÿ޺޵ĶŽִ۾ͨ졣
ִ̧סɫãҵšƣҪˡ
ƵˣȻǿ־壬ҪʲôѲɻҪңһˣ˼Ů𣿣
ִǹааһЦҴ˲Ů


 8 

ִǼʵˣƶ֪Ƣ̫ã˵ûԣɻǵһμִôĻ
Ƽ̲Ҷƶսս߹ȥСֳŽֱִµķִ磬𣬱ˡ
ִƶһۣſ˽
æܵƼǱȥƼ۵ĿŮϵˣ첲ȫˣҲǺģϸ󱻽ִ෢ϡСϻƬˣðѪ
ִƶͨһƬŻڵĵطһСˮݶ
ߡݾܾƶš
ȥѽƶ䲻⣬ţСҲòȥҽԺġ
ִͣ½Ųվǰ΢΢ƽӣԽ壬ԺסǱߣԸ𣿡
ƶգգۣ˼š
Ը𣿡ִ׷ʡ
ȥԽֻˣǱǺͽִͬˣҪҪȥүүͬҵġ
ֱִӰ𣬰Ե˵ԸԸⶼøߣ
һתƶ͸ʵĻϲԼĻһİĸоޱȵİȫ̤ʵ
ֻ̧ߣйŵĺᡣ
ĪģСȥġ
һִʣóƵɤ
Ŷƶ㬵ջ֣˼ӣ˫ְסӻԺӣûм·ƶڽִȴЩԺˣ˯ġ
ִŵϣƶŲ˸ƣ˯۝Ŀִ
㸲Ӹ۰ȫúýýƶ򴽣һ˫ϸֱ鲻ԽϽִ°;Ҫȥ
ִۼֿ죬հСԴƲ
ˣ
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ɵɵִǲԾĹһĨǳЦֱ̧ͮͮ
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ΪʲôҪ彭Ƣѽƶ仹֪
ִƳһۣӣ˳ۡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣƶ佫Žɣ˽˽ִһЩƢñ갡ոջ˵˲ŮҪǿ˳ˣǲҲѽ
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ִ̨ףббſڣ
Сǲһ㣬ԽԽߵ㣡ߴ١
ƶ䣬ӿ첽ӣߵִǰִС֣¼ָơ
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ִɳϣһ˫ȴķֿ
ƶȥվǰ
£ִ̧ƶ֫ԼһЩһ۸㣿
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ҪǺ£ôһڣҲֻһѡ˻飡˻飡
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ô˵ƶϲЦտģͻȻʲô˵ѽҵ·ûء
ִ⣺ȥ򡣡
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ִͷôһ
ûСˡ
磬ִƶȥԷԵвִͣûʲôģŲ뷹¶ǡнִţƶθҲãԵñġ
ִǹ˾Ů
СǽܵŮѣһŮԵʡ
ŮѲ̫УǱŮѻҪһĹϵƶС΢΢죬˵Ůѣǽִδޡ
ŮˣܽԺã䵭߾ûгֹһŮԣû뵽һ͸˸δޣͻСӡ
̳һȦѾ˺Щֻ˯ûСйоصģر¶Ըе·
Ůһɫ˿ıɴһŮŴǰѽСҪҪԣ
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ԺѧҪ飬ҪԷʡŵòУ·Ա˵ġ
ǰŮ͵͵Ǽ˯ȥˣȻ͵͵ֽ
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Ůϡ棺С㻹ѽ
ƶǳ˼ЦЦ˸ѧںֻ˰ˮ
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¥Լסһķ·˯µʱһСĵɫһơԭǼ˯¡
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߳ѽ
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ڳƶŮ΢ţ˵ϵļ۸˷˺͵͵򵥵λȻˣ֪λ˻
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ôȥ
ȥɣ

ϢϮĽִֹͣıۡûĸޱĸԵĴȰСִ谮㣬û˱ˡ
ֻãĺ߽
ִüģӴߵشǰ
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ʱִ۷öߵִԣ˭ѽΪʲô
ƶǽִδޡ
ֱִ˲輸ϵ̣¹͵Сķôˣ


 9 

б۳ƶüСڽԭǸķţҲں٣Ȼִǰ˵Ǳķ˵ִûаŮ˷ϡ
úöִߣĸȥִҪȥ˾˳·һ¡
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⿴ûأԼѣ㹫˾
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ʲôδޣѽļҵС㰡ĵɴۣȫš
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㻹ûشأִ˵˵ܣϡ٣طѴ򳵵ģ㡭
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ΪִСͳĬԣԸƧǰǱǹɹۻӢݣǹӲʣܱ˳ŰŻţǶôҸѽ
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ִȺȿˮҨһ׷Ž
ǸյݵߣһΣʶػְڵϡ
лҪ˵
ִ̾ĸС˼

 10 

ִ磬ôˣüͷĿšźܵӣƶһƬҡ߹ȥСִ磿
˺һִû¡ԺҪ
áƶӦȵ¥
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ţ˯ȫޣһʱ䶼ˡ
ƶ˯ţЬִķȥһŤͿˣŴǳ¹⣬ֵߵִǰ̺˫ſڴؿ
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ʲôƶѶչȥ˵ʲô˺һʲôҲû塣۽Ƴڱ΢΢
ƶùһ˫СֽĴ֡
ִ磿Ľһ
ûֻϵɫ࣬Ǳʶķסƶ֣Ƚģֱüչ
ƶоŶˣִǸһִͰսչüͷ
˻ƶʹˣŲŲӻһơ
ˣִˡǣƶſڴ˯һҹ
ڶա
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С£ŵߣġ
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ƶŬŬ޵촽һûѡִָϣüë۾Ǽգ۵Ĵ꣬
е˯е˶üͷ
ִÿ֣˺һȻİ˱ϡ·ϴãǰƶ侱ѣһ
ԺƶҲûˣִƶһżҲȥԡﻹһ˾ƶš
ٽѧУȺԾƶɼܺǼѧУͬҲλͬѧҲ˺ǵѧУҲ˺ǣϻⷿס
飺Ǻǵļͬѧһ۰ɡ
ðð
ͬѧӦˣֻƶ䡣@ƶ䣺СС䣬
ƶҪϢĵ绰Ͳ˹꣬ͬ࣬ϵܺãǺܺõѡ
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ƶѽִʵҲ˵סͶĽޱȵĿ⣬̾һ䣺áԹôѣôûҶأ
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ƶ䣺ܺáȻżƢе
Ҿͷˡ۹һϽͬѧһ¡
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ðɡ
ķѧУܽסĵطѧУԶ𣿡ʡ¥ϻһ䣬ġ
ƶ䣺еԶʱסѧУˣ鷳ǡ
ͷŶǣδӦòסģôСޱ񲻿ϧ¥ƶסţԲȰ
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ĸʡ⣬һ˺ö·ҶǴӡģϵһȹˡ
ƶ䣬Щ˷ܵ˵䣬䣬㿴ô
һСȹܺÿƶ𣺡ţÿ
֪ÿҵ˼رʺ㡣ϵ´ƶ䣬ûױ׾Сż򵥵βһһ߷ţп㣬һ˫СЬƲƲ죬ô޺ÿǰ͹̵ģǱ
һȹӵСţԡԵԱ˵
һӲԱһոµĳƶ˸ҡƶ䲻ԣĥӲݣƶЭˡ
ƶ任óһ˫۾ˣԲţԱߵļԱҲ
һ̿ĵaȹͶȺܸߵĺɫĵƶɫӯӯѩףϸϸĵźᣬ󱳼κǰһƬ¶棬ظԲĹĵģһˣСҲϸӯӯһգȹӺ̣ܶ¶ѩױֱȡ
ͷƶûлױ׵ķĴһ˫ˮ٣㹻㹻
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ϵľۻᶨڡٻᡣûԤԼǽȥģİְϸԼһİ䣬ˣŴͬѧȥ
ܴ󣬹߾ıڹŹϣ񣬳һõ壬ĵѪԶһǸ٣и
ͬѧԱµĲʳƿ󸯺ơ
ƶ䣬ƶ䣬һ²ֱƯ˰Ľƶ䣬ƤãĺãѧϰҲáǰڸУѧУУ
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һס˲㡷ƽ滺
ƶĵ̧⣬öϳ⿴Ŀ⣬ǳǳһЦ֣ҲЦЦ
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˲ٵľƣҪƶؼңƶպͮͮģֻһͷΣûԼȥУǻذɡ
У˾Ҳ㣡š
վƶ䣬ȥɡ
˵ƶ䣬ó㣬ˡſͷθһ󷭽Ż״
ƹ컣ƶС΢Ӹ὿Σų⣺лл㡣
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ǿѧסʣæ˵¥ϻһշԢѧУܽԿһ¡
Զִһ˴ӡٻᡯһ۾ϳƶԱߴչִ磬ǲСδ𣿡
лҪ˵

 11 

ʿ·ͣ£ƶ俪ţʿֵڳŶϡ
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һ룬һֱֻקͷײӲţǻϤ͸
ʶ𣿡⿴Žִ
ִɨһۣƶߡǰȥƶأ˭ѽƾʲôߡ
һͲƲҵˡ
ִһ³ţס죬һַֻſƶ䣬һȭȥ˭ݺݶų⣬΢˫аĺ⡣
㣬˭ִ߰˶ȵͷ֡
ⱻһȭǳѪۿִصȭͷҪȥƶ伱æǰסͬѧˡ
ִɺŭƶ䣬ƶ伱öҪˣͫӨӨģִ磬ˡ롣
ãġִһƣſ⣬ˤڵϡִۿǹһĨаЦͬѧʲô֣
ϵĻҳ⡣
أ˭⻹֪ʡ
ִȭͷҪƶסѡ
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£ϲ֪Ǹʲô飬Բ𡣡˵꣬ת˵ʿ
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СҲǻãѹģʳ
һ·Ͻִקƶ󣬹ͷִۣ磬ѽſҡ
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ͣǰƶЩˣʹȫľ˦ִ֣Ҳŵ΢ľ⣬أѽҶ˵ˡ
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ݸ׹ִǻǮߡæӦ˵˺ü֡
Сʱ󣬳յAУѧĶšԼһĴѧ֪ͨ飬пﲻƵһתˡ
ŽӵӸвζʮĵ绰Ҫƶͬѧ˵
ⲻǸʮ꣬ƵǿӲʱѡ֪Ѷˡ
ƶԡϴ裬Ϻһ飬ǽִģߵǰǣеˡ
Ƣôôᣡ
Сʱϴôԡִڴߵ
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ԣ㡣ƶǳǳᡣ
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ðԵѽƶ䲻졣
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ûΪʲôִһ䣬·ڴϣȻֱӰӴӳȥ
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ţȥɣ¿˸Ҵ绰㡣
ƶҡͷýִ磬æ飬ҽ˾Ҿͺˡ
ִͷ
ðɡ


 12 

ϿʱĿƶ䲱ӣĺʼƶûע⣬Ҳòԡ
Ҳж𣿡ƶãȻգգ۽ޣһ˫峺¡
˱һϵͬͬѧҲһ̨ȷʦ潲Σָ̧Ǻۣδ׳ģ
ƶ˲ۣշȣôִ֪
֪óһСӵݸƶ䣬Լֻѩ׵ļϣһޡԭִ˵ĸ¾˲ԽԽ죬ûá
ǸˣյƶߣСʡ
ƶ䣺ĸ
˸ͣƶ仹ǲֱӽдڿαϡ
ƶ䴹ҡͷæñѸٵĻ֣߳ܵһƶճϣס˺ۡ
Ρ
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ƶٲҲˡֲһңͬѧǾ۹⿴
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ŮڳǰһĻö˶ˣǰģʵ۾죬˫ֽ߬ס
ˣҲѲƤ
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ʲôִ첻˵ʡ
ƶҡͷûȥ˯ˡ
ת󱻽ִĴץסˣЦɤһ˯


 13 

ƶæϣǣûС˵ִ֣ñܡ
һ룬һǰ׹է֣״£һƾڴ⡣ƶŵñӶˣתܣϴ˽ִš
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Ҫٵˣһ¡ŴŴɤ˵־߳ܣֱġ
ִӦšһ¡

ƶˮһڽִģȷⱻҧͨ죬Ρ
ִ֪ҧöö£ƶģͣ
һ˫ˮŽִԵִָ̧ϵˮ⣬繣ҧҧˣԺҪǸ²ùͷڵ
ǣ
úö飬ҪҰˡִ˫ƶ̷գࡣ
ƶ仹ûлػ㶵ġֲִ᲻صûУ
˺ü£ƶѣͷţˡʱѧ¥𣬾Ͽλӡ
ƶϵĿαתҪšִס󲻷ߣƶͷɫǳǳһЦɤӷǳĵ˵Ұ˵ģֻϲִһִˡ
˰ɣε񿴽ִһۣͷα
ִɤԵͣһ㷢Ҳأϲ𣿡
ƶ˼Ʈ֪ʲôûлش
ִɫһձ̧ͷִչȥƫͷҧ°һڣҲˣԥ
ƶʹüƿûУļá
Ѿһ룬ƶæ³Ͼ˼ɽִǽִȴĵġ
㻹ûشҡ䵭ࡣ
ϲϲôҶϲ죬ԹÆ£÷ѽ
ƶèһȥֻͷִһۣҪҳٵˣͶ㡣ߣ
ɲɣӺÿƶӳ׷סƶ䣬۾ֻ̽һɫµˣ忡Ӣͦ
˭ѽ˭ѽЩ˷ܣδ𣿡
ﲻ̾Ҳ̫˧˰ɣСۣһ˵ӢӲǶţ˾ǿ
һһرаȫУٱ谮ϧţֱҪʮСʱճϡ
ƶ俴ӭϽִԹߣӴǣ˾
߰ɣٵˡƶܡƵƵͷ˾ô˧䣬ҽܽ£ҿˡ
ƶִֻ̨ͣĳûߣǳ֣صĶ˵δһ˵ģ˭á
һۣúû˼
Ѿٵˣʱһͬѧ˱վſվš
ִֻ죬ûһ˫۾ǰ棬վǸ˵˾ʲôƶ˲ϲЦտЦô
ſţִɫԽ䵭
ʮƶγִ̽ˡԼϳԼϵȫִ˫ַڷϣɫ֪ʲô
ִ磬ˡƶ俴ֻղԣģҲġ

ƶزס飬һǻϲ飬̲סЦеĸִ磬֪ҽѧУ̳Ͽʲô𣿡˵ţһߵ㿪ֻһ˵ϿεʱʦҲ˵أҶ֪ԭô
ȥһҪع˾ϲˡੲݡ
ƶ䣺Ϊҵ˹𣿡
ִ
ƶ䴹ҧҧȫϣִ磬Ժ㲻ýˣ˾ͺá
ΣִǲһҲ˵
û͵˱ſڣƶ˰ȫЦӯӯĸִ𣬡ִټ³ӣյˣӯʧڱתǡ
ִΪ˽˹ҪӰһҹƶϵЦûУȡ֮ŴܶľġһҪӿѧϰĽ࣬ѧֱҵȥִĹ˾
˵ɾ͸ɣϿѧαݣһֱ賿һϴϴϢ
ٻᡣ
ͽִͶˣϵĿվƿȫǽִȵġ
ִ磬ôˣʲôĵ˵ƾ塣ӺԺȰȥľơ
˲٣Щ⡣ܶôʣҧһֶ˵
һꡣ
ӣִ磬ҪҪСδ޴绰㣿
ִҡͷһԽ塣
ӣá
ѽִͽſڣӾˡִɺɳһüĻ⡣Ϣһ¥ƶ֮ǰ˵ţǺžû
ִߵߣһյСҹƣͣƶӳյø὿Ρ
ҺȾˡ
ƶԺĸоʵ̫ˣǱʶﲻ˯
ʶһ÷ѽ
ִΪˣЦ΢΢ɬͲˣˣ


 14 

Ϧбб£һɫӯӯƮƶдҵ˫̧ӭŷ˸ϦѬ糺졣
⼸¿磬ִӻȥ˾ʱ䣬Ѿˣƶִֻ绰
ཡ
ͨˣǶԷûнӡƶ˫ֻĿڣ޵Сʧ䡣򴽣ᶨ룺ִһæԲû绰
⼸䵭˵Ҳġ
ƶ¥ڳæѾڷżĲˡ
ֲ̫̫Է𣿡һʢһʣŹ뵳һζ
ƶ仹ûϰ̫̫ƺ΢֪绰ûнӡ˳ëį
̰źڲϣߵƶǰ̫̫ҾýܺõģӦæ㲻Ҫġ
ü̫̫ſڲ輸˯ˣ͵һȻֱڻСף˫۾ֻ̫̫ŨŨ㺡
ƶͷš
ǡֹ
ʮͣҲһСŮƶһﰮŵ᣺̫̫ʲôԺ˵ġ
ִҺǺܺãʱֲ̫ãȵġƶ˵ţÿü𡣡ܿ͸òʵ
еŮûаȫУЦЦʱһͺҪһ
ô
ţƶȻصصͷشЦ⡣
ʱ绰ƶһǽִѸٽЦŨ˷ؽִ硣
ڿᣬôˣ绰Ǳߣִɤ
ƶ䣺ϻԷ̽˺öˣϲ
ִ˵Ҫɹ
Ҫȥãʲôʱѽƶ׷ʣС¶ɫ
ȷˡ
ðɣ㲻ʰ
ཡ绰Ҷϡ
ʼģ绰һӵĲˣƶȴζֻͬ˵Աˡ
ʰƶ¥įıӰСֹСôˣ
ϰ˵㣬ݵĵ绰
ѽԷɣүүڼأ⽻Ҹ绰㡣
绰ǱߴƼЦ
ѧƶ䲻þܾӦˡ
ҪؽݣүүҲڼأƶ״̬һ㣬Ծʱҹ飬ʮһϴϴ˯
ִʮһģ߽ƶ䷿䡣
˯һ˯ô㡣һתߡ
ͻȻһӱסˡŴִ硣
ִһתСｿ޵С΢΢ţ峺һ˫ֽס
㲻˵Ҫ𣿡谵ůС޽ۡ
ôһִ̧ɫƵü䵭
ûûСƶżĽͣһ룬ַΣߵϸҪÿ϶ҡ
ִĲֻ̧رסϸɤҲ᣺ж룿
룬ǳǳ룬Ǻ롣ƶЦ⣬ǵװǣġ
һ°ɡĶڷ̡
˵꣬ϸ۵˫۹Ͻִż촽Ѹٵĵһ¾뿪ˣҪ˯ˡ
Ҫܣֱִٿս
ɤЩƣٶ¡˵ţִƶ䱧Լڴߣ˷ϡ
ƶһ˫Сֱð͸˵͵͵šƣȽִҪߣִһ˫ţײף
ס촽ضҧӡ
˴Űӣƶ촽չȥǽִգƵüģŵСᳶס졣
ִۣһ˫ֱ۽ƶԽԽļ޲ðڽԼѪ
ƶܿ췢֣קִִ֣ſҿ챻ˡ
ִûţһתƶѹڴϣΪʲô˵˾ﻹ飬ǳ䡣
УƶҲˣ㶵ʣѽ
ˣִ̻ü䣬Խ䡣
һ룬ͷҪصҧԣɻǲãֻҧһ¡ûϵԺ˵ûУ
ƶʹһ¾Ǻüǰϣ˵ġѾȥü죬Ȼš
ǼǳƲƲţԺҲ˵ˡ
ٿأƶ۾ԲʣΪŲˣ䵭𣿡
ǡִϣ΢΢㡣
ߣǣƶޱȷϡ
ִ̧Ժ㣬Ҫô˵
Ҫ˵ҵδ򡣡۵Цһ˫ۿ壺˵װδ򡣡
ϲ֪ߵ˵黰Ͷȴ̷ȣҲȵԺ
ִ̬˵ˣ΢ȣһֻסƶ۾ϣ繣̣˵һ顣һֻ͵͵ó¼ʷߡ
ƶ촽ضִҵδװδҺϲððһӶ
˵ȥˣƶߵһ½̵ִӼСԴҲŶš
˵˲˵ˣ̫ˣ
ִǹһĨǳЦĻȡͷְƶСӱסϸϸĦǡ
̹ԡ
ڶ죬ִûгƶȥݳԷ
ϡ
ƶߣƭˣͲ
ִճһָֻ֣ƶ޵Ĵ꣬ûƭǴȥģүү绰˵ƶӦ˻ؽݳԷ۸ճƺˡ
Сʱ󣬳ʻ԰ӡ
ƼĵӭӳЦӯӯķƶ³ˤˡ
ƶǳǳһЦôѽ
ִһѴƼƶ䣬ɫĮûʲô飬ǱˡƼЩΣЦȥɣСڸǺá
֮󣬽ִȥ¥鷿үү̸Ҳƶȥˡ
ƶһߵɳϣƶǶ
Ƽ̽һβ裬ʾƶȥлҪ˵ƶҪִһۿ¡
ƶҧ˲Ӳ
ֻƶóƼ̵Ϣ
Ƽ̣ѽϴĲԣҲ˵ˣûɡ
ƶأûУҶˡ
Ƽ̣ǾͺãǽִΪ¶ڹ˾ְλȰȰ㽭ִ磬ȥϰɣڼҿޣ۾޳ëˡ
ƶ俴һ۽ִմΪ˽ְλ
ʱִҲһۣԽүү˵үүҺϲƶ䣬ѡӰѶˣ뼸Һǵý幫
үү˲ֶסЩԾ㲻һµ͵ôý뷨
ִࡣ
ããáүүʲô¶οЦݣЦý죬ǡ̫ˡ
ƶţС΢΢ΡֻﶼǻƼϢ
ְ¸»ʱͶ¸°ɣۼ֤Ϊ㶨׿Ҳ˶üꡣүү˵
ִɫһվףүү𣿡
үү֣ɲңҲ
⻰ͷүүԼ֪ĵ˵ְֺưְУҪõʦֵܣһ鳤󣬺˴˽ɼңһ׼ҵԼǾͶףֻϧϷְ˼֪סùüҡⲻϴѧ˵ӵ顣
ִ꣬ɫƶһۣɤɭ䣺Լȡ
߳鷿
үүִһ
ƶ䲻֪ԣ׷ȥ
԰ƶܵǰĴ򳵴ִôˣ
һŲûһۣϼʻȥ


 15 

ô°Ƽ׷
ƶųʧķ۾ɬˣһյѩ͸
ִ˵Ҫ˻顣һգˮҪ
Ƽ̴һ۾ƶ䣺˵ʲô
ƶסӨ˳䣬ؿޡ
䣬ޣްƼüͷκ˶ҪżС߶ǲ˻飬ǧ򲻿˻顣
˫˫ǰҵߡ˼Ƭֶ̣ƶ˵ʲôãȥ׷ȰȰѽ
ƶ䱻ƼĨĨᣬƼ̣ȥүү˵һһȥˡ
ȥɣҸүү˵·ߣƼޱż̬
ƶ䣬Ƽ¥鷿֣⾿ô£
үү̾͵Ҿ˵ǽģǻСӾˡ
ְֲִ֣֪ϣ㻹࣬սִƢ¶ȻûϷƼ̼ôתϧ˶һﰡװױġ
ְִ֣ģȰȰɡ
ǻСӿɲҵġүүƼ̣أ
׷ִȥˣϲִģղԺｭִȥ޵ĵġ
үүҡ
ƶ򳵻صԽｭִĳڡûлƶóִֻ绰洫еŮĵ绰ѹػԺٲ
˼꣬ת
ѧƶӽѧ¥
ûмδ㣬ǳʡ
ƶǳǳһЦûУˣæ
ͷʾͬģҰְֹҲæһصĶˡһתƶЦҪϳȥɣδڣҲû˹㡣
ƶҡͷҲȥһҪؼѧϰء
ǣǺѧһۣȥ
˾ĳǰ棬ƶȻϳ壬ִлؼ𣿡
𣺡ûС
ðɡ
ؼҺƶһִ̣𣿡
̣ûС
Դϴνִ˵˻ԺһˣûлԽҲ绰ϢҲء
Ӧİɡ
ϣͼȥٻᡣʱ￴һˣӰĪϤͦӢ
ⲻǶδ
ҪǰȥкͻȻһŮŸ߸Ь⣬ֻܿŮǰǵıס˽ִĸ첲
ִ˵˻ЦЩ⣺Ҿ˵ôܻϲһɽСѾͷ
ִ˾ƣۿѬ΢΢죬ǲϲģһ˫庮Ҳϲ㡣
ɤ䣬ƿġһҲ˼Ůӣ˺ܴ
һˤڵ̺ϡ
˻˽ţ۵ֱޣִһѽѽ
ִӸ¿һۣתߡ
һ˫Ӱִ硣ſǻ
ǵѧУǴΣɽСķнִġ
ִٿؽסعߵǰ£һֺ̧ݺס°ͣ棺ѧͷ
ǶҪһ㣬ֿ־壬ϴҴ˴ˣԺҲˣſҡ
Ժٿ㣡ִɭض
ĲΣãҹִһƣıӼѾʡһȳһյ
תǴ˵ʲôǿ󱳾ɭɭ䡣
װ
ԶҲ
ٻᣬƶ绰ƶҹôˣ
ٻῴδˣոڴˣѽһ˵һ󿴡ƽʱҲ𣿡
ƶ䣺ûУҺܺõġҧҧҪ˯ˣȹˡ
ţֻҪ㲻׾ͺá
ִٻѽƶ¶˾ΥЦݣ³һƯȹӻϣȻСųš
壬ȥٻᡣЦŶ˾˵
Сʱ
ٻſһ㳡ƶȽִɪҶ£õ˴ףֻһСȹ˫ֱ
ʱѾ賿һ㣬㳡ϵԽԽ١ƶվȪԱߣϸĳ΢
촽ѩ毺ãһСȴδѣ۵ĺˮƵ߹ڣСãһˣ
ҪҪȥȥһõطһֱֹҪ
ƶ˼óֻ򱨾绰ݸǿ߿ұˡ
ѾȥˣƵ˻࿴һۣȻߡƶҶϵ绰
ֵһСʱڿִˣȵģӲš
ƶǰӿһͨԹô¶ˣ㽭ִƣҼֱܲˡ
ɡӰѽִһƣִߴƶļϡ
ִ硣ƶ
˭Ҫѧ˵ִڵûǰ˭ƿ
ƶ俴⣬ֻסľˡִң̡
̣
ִ˫ŵСô޵һ峺촽ޡ˲ѣԥؽƶƿ
תߡ
ƶ첽󣬡ִȥѽǻؼҺòãִ硭
ִͷɭۿң
Уң档
ƶɬͨһ˫ۣǼס⣺ִ磬ˡǻȥòãС̧ǣ
ִһ˦˻ˣҲҪˣ𣿡
ƶǰ˺һڵأҲ̲סˣŴŵ˲ʱȫ䡣
ãź촽ضҶˡ
ǰһˣִˡ㳡Ҳһˣֻʣ޵۾ףһˮ١  
ִ粻Ҫˡ
ԶĳϣӿƶССһڵϿޣÿִ磬Ҳ̫˰ɡСѾͷͦϲġ
ִһ˫ɺ۵Ӳ˵
һº󡣽ִĸ׽ؽݡ
죬ƶͽִһǰһؽݳԷ鷿ƹƹҵһ죬ִƳĳ潭Ӱ𣺡ˣҪ˻顣
ƶִ̧ɫ΢һ˿ѪִûԹײһ£Ĳȵ
صԽƶӵ˹ùôĵ绰
䰡ùþû뵽ִˣ㻹סڽִıɣھͰȥǲ绰ǱߣùĲᡣ˻˻飬ǲϡ
ƶʣִ˵ʲôˣ
ͱˣִǻСʲô˵ˣϲϱŮҪ˻飡
Ӧòǣ˵ϲĵģ˭أʲô֣Ư
ƶ䣺ùã֪ˣҾʰᵽѧУᡣ
ʰöִ绰һ˺þýִûнӡҶϵ绰ڴʹ޳
˻ˣĸ޼ա
ϸϸ룬ִû˵ϲ΢һһ;ϲԼģԭһֱ顣
һŰͷϵĻΡ
ᵽƶһ󲡣ظð²źá
ĩǰһڣƶաҪٻȾƣ˺ȵģʹִڹ˵˹֣С
£ƶ䳤˵ü¶ɫԽĽޡ˾ƣѩ׵Ѭ΢΢糺죬һ˫Щ룬ĳë¹ճϸббɳϣ̬ˡ
ǣϲҲô˵ƶСüͷźܲˡ
ͷҾ˵ҾСƶ使޵СǶôãôɰϲŮˣϹ
˺һЩƶȥ
Ħ¥Ѥ޺罫ҫ컣·򿪻̸ЦɫҴҲ֪æʲô
䴩ϣ䡣ѷ׸ƶϣƶŤӣš䣬Һȡ
ʮЦӯӯ˵һ˫־ת˸Ȧ
úúã֪ʮˣˡ˵ţƶߡƶ䲻ߣСܵ㳡ϣվȪǰ
ףûˮ𣿡ƶӣСָȪۣͷȥ˺һüͷ죺ˮأ
ͻȻһְֻӵק
ţ˭ѽƶգһۣϳЦӯӯغִ硣
ִһ
ǰ۵࣬°ͺǰˣƶƫͷЩӹò
ִɵɵ㶵ӣתֿҲһߵĳϵͷԵģжӹǻѧУ
ӵͷȥȡˡ
Ƭ̺󣬳ͣ·ߣӰϳִƶߣƶ䳶סԼĴ֣˵Ҳߡ
ʲôִʣɫ΢
ʮˣˡƶЦһ˫峺ִ磬Ҫһ
ִվûûʲô
ʵ˺ܶ࣬ŽִС죬ִ磬֪㲻ϲңһϲ㡣
߽ţ˫ҵĳǣҪ͸ϲˡ
˵ۣ꣬촽ȥϽִı
ִһ˫ֱ̧£ƶУ֪ҪסҪƿȴٳٲ
۵һ̣۽Ϣһᡣ
Ӻƶ뿪˺һ峺ޱȵۿ
Ӵ˿ҲϲˡЦţһúö飬ҵ˺úùһҵѣ꣬ǽӣͨҲҸ
ҲҪҸƶ䳯ִ֣ټ
ټҲ                    
лҪ˵VСɰǶ֧ѽı
Сı˵͸͸ˣ׷·Ӵ

 16 

ڽִ, ҪҸйڵġ˵ƶԽסѧУ
ƶĿγ̣¿κ, ſڵ
ƶ촩һɫë£ͷĵ͵, ǰɢ鷢, Եֹɡ
һ, ֱֱӣһưģƶǰ, [ʤĤ᪚], лҪ˵
ؿ, ø첲ƶ䣺𣿡
ϵģAķ, Aû˲ʶλǧС㡣
ƶû˵ʲôֻȻȥ, ȻĳУšγ̱Ƚ, ＾ն, ɫ˵, ·ֵ߽ƻƻơ
·Ÿߴïʢ, Խǰ߹Խİ, ƶͣʲô˵ɡ
̧ͷ˿·ߵľ΢ɲ¶һĨЦ, ˫ֱۣվƶǰ֪ĽִΪʲôҪ˻𣿡
鶼Ѿȥˣƶ䲢֪, ǸҲ֪ҾΪ˵飬ûȤ
ƶתߣżǰ˫ſס
ӱʲô㻹ϲﻹŲ£ͱˡҸ㣬ִ˻ΪңϲңͲϲ㣬֮ǰǿСѣȻͰ׿
ƶǳǳһЦƹӰģϲ㣬Ͳ˵Щˣѡ
ıʹûУ
һ룬ͻȻΪŤţΪ㣬㽭ִôܲϲңº˻ˣԸͷҡԽ˵Խ̧־ͳƶСȥ
ƶۼֿ죬˲ʱסֹƿνľת
һģƶˣʾ⣬ԭڰļ߳ųಲſµ
Ÿʲôץסݺݴһ١ֶϽű˾Уķ߷ߵ
ĸ̧ǰĴӰóԿ·Լĳߡ
о׷ƶѾӾܣܵüֺ£ǰһǳӶûпһŲȽȥˤˡ
¶Ľ˲Ƥۡ
ѽǺ𣿣ͷҲ۵òУġһݣҴС˵ˣϸ첲ȶ˾У
ƶŵһСҰףסóֻ忴ǣǱұˡ
ͷааһЦһŤͷԱߵСܾͶһƶֻڵһߣСѾͷ±˾˰ɡ̧ͷܣǴ㱨ҲûãС˵ģûͷء
øϻֵǶ֣
ƶ䱧סͷŵþг
еȭͷûһ룬ͷ̸
磬ˡСܶԴͷ˵
˳Сܵ߿ȥֻһ˳һһ߹˭ѽ£Ͻι
ƶ̧ͷǽִһĺɫ£㣬ͷọ̈谵ٸ
ֻЮһɱ⣬ֱֱ߹
ӽǲǣͷ˴
ִߵԶһ߹ȥνýٶ֮죬˱ߵؿڣʱһѪ
в˻عƿڴ޵һ³Ѫֵǣϼһ
ĸóӣ˲ʱִӵϡִݵǲ
ƶ俴˵ӣѵСģе
ִAһѧֱҵ֮ϾУȻڶֱСͲĶ֡
ƶսսߵһֻ׼ֻˤ˻ٿǰһˣ۾֪غˣһ䡣
ʮӲĸ˷׷׵ڵϰ졣
ִ˫ɺ죬̧Ųڻͷӵϣѹָֻǽڿ졣
磬ŹǰɣˡͷʹɫףҲ֮У֮¡
˭ִֵ䣬ӥ͸һ⡣
СģʰСѾͷģҪֶϽţԩͷծȥɡͷʵй
ִһţ
ʹͣعˡ
ƶ߹ȥŽִȫ£ſǻʣûˣʹʹ
ִƶСϣˣ۾ģǼҲǺģʱһżɫ
ѪǱ˵𣿡ƶ̧գһѪۡ
˵ϲôңΪҿޣִɤ䵭ÿС֣ţ
ƶ伱䣬ʲôʱ㻹˵Щ㵽ûѽȥҽԺɡ
·žƫƧûһƶסִ󣬡ﲻô򳵣ǴǰƵһ·ȥ
ִסƶ󣬶סŲشң
ƶ̧ײִֵؿɫ
Ƭ̣ƶ˵ΪѽҲģΪһ޶ԡ
ִǹһ˿Ц⣬ͷſƶ
ƶ俴ӰҪ׷ȥҧҧѡϲԼˣǲҪĺãϲˡ
ִߵУſԼĳֻͨ˶ӵĵ绰һʱ䣬һõĹǿҽ
ӶСŮӵİȥһࣺôִ磬ˣ˭ģǲǣ
ཡִ߹Ҷϵ绰
ƶһ˻ѧУߵУſͬһŵѧ򳿡򳿿кͬѧ
ƶòĻǳЦѧá
һȣɣĻûüȡ
ˣ˯žƶܾ
ҲǡŮҪ˯߳㣬Ƥˮ򳿵ĿⲻԾƶϣ崿̬һ˫۾峺С̱ǣ촽١
Ŀ
ƶ䱻òڣɫ΢΢죬ҲС᣺ѧȻˡ
򳿻عá
УƳƶ״ˣ۵ļƵһ飬Ѫ졣ǰҿˣȥҽҡ
ãԼȥͺá
ҲѧչСѧӦõģ߰ɡ
šƶʢȴ
ҩҽҳְƶ͵Ů¥¡
ƶһŵʱ򳿾ע⵽˲䱻崿ɾ˵Ҳۿһ·ÿϵ˧Ҳûʲô뷨þû֣˵ƶѷ֣򳿾ԼĻˡ
ǵðʱĨҩ򳿰ҩݸƶ䣬һҶ׷ɣһƬ䵽ƶ䷢ϡ̧֡
ƶʶغһ
Ҷӡ򳿸õ
лл
ƶ¥򳿲תȥƬʺķҶһֱţͻȻַŵǼᡣϢ·𻹲Ů϶еǳ㡣
Զβĳһ˫۾Խİ

ʳóԷʱƶ䣬֪𣬾ǰǸģˡ
ôˣƶҨͣڿС
Ҳ˵ģΪˤѧˡСʣˣ֮ǰʲôѽ
ƶҡͷûʲô
ˤȣúõôأ
Ѳǽִƶӵ䡣
лҪ˵к

 17 

ϷĶ߹ǵ, СţһƶǼͶͨ죬һ˫Сַߺ, Ȼ䣬ͼߡ
ƶѧϰ, ڷֹ, ϵһں, úѧ֣һѧϰĻᣬֻһ
ƶ䡣
˺
ѧƶͷ, ֻ򳿳ܹһȿɿϡ䲻䣿
ƶǳǳһЦ, ֣е
򳿺ߺ˵еѽ, 㿴ӺͶ䶼ˡ΢һѩϸסˣܿɰ
ȿɿů, ƶͷЦе㺦, ˵ˡ
˺Զ, 򳿶, һ˫۾һֱ
ͼǰ, ƶʣѧ, 㶢ҿʲôж𣿡
򳿳߽, վǰ᣺С
ţƶãȻ, ̧һ˫峺ӣȡʲô˵ţ̧
С̬ʵ̫ɰ, һ̲ס̧һЦ⣬ɵϣƭġ
ƶüŬŬ첻˵ذûȵĿɿɻˡѧ
˵̨꣬ףͼҡ
򳿿һĨӯ鶯ıӰǵЦˡôôɰ
ƶߵͼſڣ̨⳯¿һۣЦŶ֣΢΢һЦȻܻӣĪܾ˸ɻͷʲôҲûС
ƶҹ
СţƬëǽȥƶٳʱһС챻ͨ죬ûãæԱߵȶ̹һڡ
ҿѧϲ㣬ҪҪһ¡͹Ĺģˬ۵ëǡ
ƶҡͷڻ̸ѧҵҪֹһڶ̣С΢֪ģܽڰΨһˣҲʧ
̸ֲǲѧϰһۡССôһ
ƶ䲻°ͣٻӰİҪǺճô죬ָӰҡ
ӯӯһЦҲκ˳Ϊѧϰ·ϵİʯɱɱ𡣡
ƶ׳־ӡ
Ҫǰδ㸴أɵؿƶ䡣
ƶһ¾ˣݽҧ´
ҿǲϲ򳿣ﻹûǰδ򡣡
ƶͣûУ
ôⲻǴ˵ˣ֮ǰ򳿰̽̽ƶ䣬Ѿд𰸡
ڶ͸򳿣׵ٻ
ʥǰϦƽҹ
ƶصѾʮһˣú˯׼ϴͬͬѧſڴӱ߼䣬ѽֿˡ
ƶ߹ȥֻ¥¿յһȦмһõ塣ԱѾټ˺öΧ۵ͬѧͷӶһƬ
䣬˵ǻ˭ѽһͬѧ
ƶҡͷ²
һͬѧƾҵֱ˾ᡣһŪӣλק첲˵˵˭ѽ
ȻǵĶѽ
˼Ŀƶ䣬Ӹߴ˧ѧÿƶ䵽¥£ղֿ¥£ȺѰ򳿵Ӱ
ƶĲ뿴תͱץȥ
ʱ¥£վεȦ˫õ廨̧ͷƶĴƶ䣬ϲ㣬Ůѿ𣿡
ͬѧըˣƶ¥ȥ
ƶվǰΧööͬѧţЩ޴룬һ˫Сֲë׵ţš
Ůѣչ㡣򳿿㺣ͻȻֵϥأ˫ֽ޵ĺõ𣺡𣿡
ʱͷϿٿը죬Ѥ̻˷š
ƶվ߲̻£޺ӳ峺˸ԾΧΧ۵ͬѧ壬˫неĵӡӦӦ
ҡƶ촽
ܣʦˡܣȺ˴󺰣ƶĻΧ۵һɢͬķȥ
ڸأʦ
򳿴ӵվסƶܡҹķ̹ǣϸһۣ򳿲ͷһƶ䣬ְ̧ѩ׵ΧסСֻ¶ͷֻ۾
˺һڲٳߵһͣסŲһۣ˵ʦû׷ȫˡ
ƶ۵òУġΧ޵ĺ촽΢ССڴ
ůɫ·ƹλƣƶһСɫëΧӵţԵýޣ΢΢ͷ˳Ľëͦ΢΢̵Ĵۣõ廨ɫ
һ¶ƶ䣬Ҳ̲סͷȥһ˫סա
ƶ侯󳷣ɺͻȻǯס޿ɱܡѧ㡭
ͻȻһߴɫӰ֪˲һק򳿣صȭͷͳȥ
Ӱ谵Ӣüȫͷ𣬽߬ŵȭͷֵشˡ
ƶòԾǰȥִˣ
ǽִţһ˦ƶ䣬ƶĺ˼ǰקִҪҪһ˫ȣ
򳿱ˣڵϺ޻֮صȭͷԼϡ
ִҺ㣡ƶʧſǻ˽ִһ¡
ִס֣תƶ䣬ƶûߵǰӣһ˫ۺ͵ǣôվҴȥҽԺ
˵꣬ƶóֻ򳵡
Ϲˣһ˫۾෢ףҲ飬ǱƳѪƶԼϡ
䣬û㣿ʡ
ûСû¡̣Ͼˡƶʣֹסµ
ǿһ˿Ц⣬̧ƶգ᣺ޣһĶˡ
ƶӣãҲޡ
ִȥƶ䣬ƶһ˦ң
ִӲվһߣɺ۶򳿣߬ȭͷǰ̡
ʮӣӵУſڣƶʦʦǸĳ·ߵһˣСæ³æ˲
ʦȥҽԺƶ佻ȥʻš
һ룬ִקصؿĽ͵š
ִһٿǮ˾ʦߡ
˾ԣֱǰ˲ǣһ²һ£ԽִͷЦЦȻﳤȥ
ƶ䱻ִקųУţŴ򿪣ִذˤȥСݽƤ
ţִһعϡ
ƶŵһ㣬ʢŭУִסƶ޹ǵǰֱ
ƶ䣬˫ɺ죬ɤͳɭ䣺˵һҡ
ڼžѹֵ㡣
ƶ󣬿΢һְִøˣŲһ뽭ֱִӸѹϡ
˵һҡظһ顣


 18 

ǵضϢ, ƶһĻһĻִһŹ򳿵Ļ棬һգۣ, ƵƽҺ㡣
ִֻɭĿ, ֪ʲô
ƶ乴һЦ, Һ, Һ㣬Һ㡣㻹飬˵
˺ð, ִû˵ů, ƶ, Ⱦ÷졣ƽִ𿪣ҪѧУ
ִķſ, ˳죬ԴһЦ, , ϲ, 𣿡˵, ʻ, һ˳š
ƶż, ̧Ĵţʲô, Ҫȥҳȥ
˵ִһѽƶקǰɫ, һ˫ͨĶǲϲǸˣǲǰ
һƶһ˫ɾ峺ֱԣҾϲ
ֲÿᣬֲЦôһ𣡡ִǹЦЦȴ˹а˾﷢䣬ոʲô֮ǣȻȥ𣿡
ƶ۾ˣɬִֵ˵ԣ
ѣ㣬㣡ƶУټңҪȥþץ㡣
ֱִִضסĴԼѹŭȦͷѣֳɤૣ㲻Ը˽ǣԸļǰƣҧסʪĽ
ֻܺңֻңҲֻ
ִرһ˫ֱǸһǯס֫ƶţҧ죬ִҧһ£ƶʹþ촽
һ룬ִǿ˿Ϣ롣
ԣй߳ͷһ㣬ԽأƶܲסӲִϽƹֱƶԴĵϡ
㣬ִӷݣС
ƶ䱻׵ʹ飬ҲĻ㱣漴ʹԼһ£Լѡǰ˱ͷ˺ҲоҪ޹һҧס⣬ݺ
˲ʱһ˿ӡ
ɽִǲţֿסףһƽϣŴĥҧ
ֱִо̱Ϣʣŷſ
ƶԵɵɵĻع촽ſڴڵĺǻ֪ʲôʱһˮ٣˳Ľëᡣ
ִ̧ͬҲڴȷ졣
ΪʲôҪ˵˻㣬šƶҧŴڷҪұ˺治𡣡
ˡϣͷϥǣֹסسҭ
ִ˶ԼѪ⣬򿪳ţȥڳǰվ˴ԼСʱ紵ɢһȡȻʻϣӾֱԽ
ͣóִ򿪺ţȥһССƶᱧ𣬷Ŵ򿪣ֱӱ϶¥ԼҵĴϡ
һͨټϴ˷磬ƶججģıܿ˯졣
ִϴϴףؽУ̲ס΢׵ĺ촽Ƶɤૣ̣ôܰأô˵Ҿͷء
һʱ䣬ִû˯һ˫ƶ˯ϣҲûƿ
糿ʱƶʡ
ǽִ򳿵Ļ棬һһ·ƶŵӲ촽߽
ѧѧ
ѧܡ
ţС۽°ͼŵ䵽ִѣб
ζڽбˣ
ִİһ˿Ц⣬Щƣַ˵̧סƶ°ͣͷȻ󱡴۴꣬̽뿪ʼص˱
ϤϢдƶ˲ѣ۾ǰˡ
ǽִ
СèһƲѲƶһᣬҧִǣʹƺɽӭ˸ҵĳͷҪ븹
£űĴָһ
á
ִڷŹƶ䣬ָ̧ʪգ΢΢˭
ƶҵغţ˫շź˵ҷɫһ˫ʪۣϢؿִ
ͻȻִչصҧƶ䴽ǣĥϢԺٸҵĴϽ˵֣Ҿҧ㡣˵ţָƶ䲱ҧλá
ƶһ΢΢ս
ˣִ˱ıˣǾ͹Թ
ʲôҸŪִ˰رڻ
ƶŲһӣ̧ͷִ峺˫ˮϴĵǲϵģ
ִ΢ɲһ˲㣺ǡ
ʲô㵽Ϊʲôƶʡ
ִɫ˲䰵Ϊϲ㣬Ҫ㡣Ҫ˵ʲôȴֻһ£ûз
ƶ䲻⣬üͷţѾ˻ϵûˣ㻹ܱϲϲңײң
ʲôأ
̫ˣ
Уǿң䣬ֿ㱧ңҸ˯һʲô˼
ִĬΣ𣺡û˼
ƶЦһЩϲǸŮ֪㶼ÿĸ𣿡
ܴȣںҶһŮˡִްҴһԷô
òãִ¡
Դ̬ȣƶֻ÷̣ǰ˻ϲ㶼˽
ôˣ㲻𣿡ִϸϸƶϵ
ƶƿ󳷣ë˲һ˫۾ˮӯӯģſǻִŪ˼𣿣
ˮһӿƶ޳
ִȥסֹӣӵûУûŪ㣬ûС
㣬Ūҡ
̣ޡ
һƶֹͣƽȥϰɡ
أִһ߸ᣬһʡ
ƶӣӯӯǳЦѧУ٣Ϣһ죬һתƲƲ죬ҺþöûгԺóԵˣҳȥԺóԵģòã
ִ΢ԥƶǰһؽִ磬ò
áִӦüһǡ
ƶýִһӣ֧ߺûѧУȥȽִʮӣƶſš
ߵԺ˾ס̫̫Ը˵ܳȥ
ʱ֪źɫ·ˣƶǰɩӣǻȥɣִ㣬߲ġ
ƶִҪʲôɡóִֻͨĵ绰
ôˣ绰Ǳִ߽ɤ
ƶҪʽִһͨɻסˣִ磬ȥԺʶˣǲҳȥ
ͱȥԹԵһ˵ִ꣬͹Ҷϵ绰
֮ƶٴǱԲˡ
˵ôأҲ֪ôҪΪԼƶȵΡ
ʱշƶص¥򳿴绰ʺ
ѧҽô˵
û¶䣬㲻õģ㣬Ǹǰûж绰Ǳߣż͵ǡ
ƶ䣺û¶ѧļҽԺѽҳ㡣
ҽԺ
ã֪ˡѧúˣҾͲϢˡ
Ҷϵ绰ƶ䳤Ȼ˵ûʲô£ʼվ˵òᣬִǾѵģأôܻû¡
ôһ
ƶͷִֻվڷſڣһĨǳЦȴ˵ĺ⡣


 19 

ƶһ, ʶһСС޴ذֻڱ
ִ磬ҧ, ǵǳǳЦʮɡ
ִ, ƶ߹, ɹȥҽԺǸҰˡ
, ûСƶǳǳЦţ뼤ŭ
ִվƶǰӸµ, ֻҡǽڷĴ쵽ǰ
ƶסֻСֽ˽, һ˫峺͸Žִ, ϸϸܵĽë˲ҡͷ
, ܺáִͷҵ˲䱻, ץסƶСһֻ, Ȼˤڵϡ
顣һ, Ļɢһء
ƶһ, ŵӶ, ͷִŭҪȥҽԺ, ʱأ
ڸҰ̸˵

ƶǰһ, Сֳ̧½ǣ̧ͷŽִִ磬ôˣʲô
ִÿ, һžõСǳŪһЦأ̧°ͣˡЩأֿ⼸ûң
ƶܿ
ңҰŨ⻹ִƵһЦҲ֮ǰǴӽԺ㲻׼ȥ׼ϲ
ִ΢һƶһѩ׵쾱ţûУ
ƾʲôƾʲô㲻ϲңϲˣƶ۾ֺˣһı
ûƾʲô
ƶˣҲװˣǶһ˫ͨͨҾϲҪȥſң
ţִŭ
һ룬ƶ˫ץסִ°͵֣һҧڻڣݺִҲÿֻۿֱﴫŨصѪζƶɿڡ
ڰеѪ˳޳ָһһεĵڵذϣ죬ִڴһƬѪҺģ
ƶּ䣬תȥֽѪԽԽ࣬ƶһ˫ʪۿһۣŴ;¡
ô㰡˵ʱǺ𡣡
ѪֹֽȫڽִðѪĻڡ
ִľµĴ˿һ˲΢̧һָֻĨȥƶϵӡ
㲻˵ϲңڲ£ϲϱˣ㷢˵Ҫһӵġִͳ£ôΥԣҪأ
Ҫ˻飬ȲҪҵġƶ䷴Ǳݺݴһ£⡣
ִۣƬ̣Ϊʲôһ£¶ѡ
һ˲䣬ƶڽִİп˳صİˣٿʧ
ЩίϴҲ˵Ҫ˻飬ϲˣҲǣȣһ£ɤӶˣִ磬ҵҲⳤģҲʹ
̫ˣ̫ʹˡƶĻ䣺Ǿɣ԰á
˵꣬ƶſ֣תߡ
ִס󣬡Ҳ㣬ҪߣԶҲҡƽɽ
ѡѡңɬʹ
ƶִĴ֣ˣЩʹİϷᶨ˵ѡѧ
ϲ򳿣Ϊ˾ִܾò˵ΥĵĻ
á
ƶתߣ½ִһ˴ڷͻȻִʯһʹ̣ǰڼվס
ԼһӣŻֱߵˮˤڵϡ
ɣȥɣɡૣһ˫۱ŭƵɺ죬̾׵Ѫ˿
ƶߵ¥£̿æһֽݸ̫̫ò׻һˣôֳˣ
ƶ˲ᣬʮǿؼЦ⣬ûСˣȰȥҽԺɣлҩ¾鷳ˡ
ˣ̲⣬۽Ƴƶ۵ָѪżʣ̫̫û¶ɣ
û¶̣ȥѧУˡ
£԰ſڵû˾Ҳֻվһߣƶߡ
ճ԰ӣִ׷ƶ䱧סˡͷľ̰ǳ㣬ֱսսһЩ
Ҳ벻ڽĹѪ
ƶ䱻յִҿ첻ܺˣſ
ִɿЩְתѪĴСȦ죬ؿ
Ҫ㰮ңһеİңᶨİңһһذңҺòã㶼ңҡ
ͯʱ⣬ĸһ뻹ǵ˵һͺ޲ĸѪ˫޵˫ۣ׸áŹ
ִһΣź󼹱ÿһºۡ
Ħƶգͨ˫⣺𣿡
ƶϢؿһұ˰ɡ
ֻҪ㣬ֻҪ㡣
ѩˣϸѩ׷£ذ·ԼִɫףŵĽëմȾѩִֵؿƶ䣬İУǲ̬ġ
̡ɤҴˣԺ󲻻ˡҲҪߣ𣿡
ˣ÷ĥ֤ǲİǲķɡ
ֻҪҪǣ壬ҪŨҵؾһֹ
Ҫúð
𣿡ʡ
ѩԽԽ󣬵Ϻ϶˰װ׵һ㣬ƶ䶳ñǼͨ죬һѩӳ¸ӽ͸ִŵĪﲻһ˫üתð˵
Ӧ᲻ƶģСʡ
ôں𣿡
ƶ䣺ǣûУֻͬѧұҲûдӦëմѩе̧Ҳϲ
ִɬ˵⣬ֻɣģ
ƶصͷšġ˶٣𣿡
򡣡ɫˡ
ִȻ˵򣬿ƶﲻţǰֻǾýִƢãڿԸҲˡ
ȶ۸ûʲôֵͬģʲôأӦΪͽִ֮˽˸򵥡
ԣȻһɡ
ãҴӦ㡣ƶɿڡ
һ˫峺Ưʯִһͷüģ̲סĥϢ£Ǽƫͷ䵽Ľ۴ϡ
и硣ִɤơ
ƶ俴ŽߵӢӣ촽ſૣִ硣
ִһ°ͣһֿסϸ֫ס಻ز˱ڣĲѣһһȹ̣ǻǰһòã
šƶϴӦȴšǻǰһ
ִͣѩУƶأǳǣӲޱȰС䣬Ƶϣշתĥ
ƶԽִ̱һ˫ŧۿڻȵϢһȴѡ
ִ˵ûΪ򳿡
ֻǵڶAѧУ̳Ͼͷһ棬ƶƬǺǽϼ̫ƶ䡣
𾪲ѣһ˫۾úƹ򣺡ĸǰδͺ
ƶҧűͷ˼·ϰϺ͹Ρ
㻰ءײƶһ¡
ƶعţͺ
ϲ𣿴һŰ໴
ûУƭ˵ġƶüͷӶһһ֣ˣҪء
䣬㻹Ǵѧѧȥ⣿ʡ
ƶͷš
ʱδҪȥôƯɰҾȥġ˵ƶûʼϴϴˢˢдһ𰸣ǻǳǳЦ⡣
ƶЩˣǰֻҪδ׼ģأƶ۵ֻѧ֡
¿κ
ƶӽſһͬѧڵ
ƶ䡣
ƶ俴ǰˣãȻʶôˣͬѧ
֪ˣǴ͸ġ˰еľģ͵ݸƶ䣬ģһأɡ
ϣ㲻Ҫǣϲ㡣˵꣬ͬѧˡ
ƶȰ΢һЩľϸϸ쿴Ǿɣм˸̬棬ΩΩФ
ʱֻ
ǽִ
㡣绰Ǳǽִ䵭ͷֻ˵֣绰Ҷˡ
ִĳͣǰ£ƶ첽߹ȥϸʻѽľڳǰ̨ϣ˫ִ꣬Ȼ
￪ůִֵһȡ
ղŸ˵˭ִùһ˫С᲻صĦ
ƶЦӯӯشյִߣϲҵѽ֣ùľݵִǰղҵģ
ˣִһ˫庮ˡ
ƶŻԭѾůѬůˣëףһźɫë£СظԵԲԲĹģһͷϸŨܵĳھ˵὿
˽ִ˫ôԴ
ûСִõ廨һ㽿εĴϣƿ۽֫ƫͷȥ
Ϣ룬ƶ䱻ȳܣִһֻ͵͵ľսݺ
ǲƶϵˣʣʲô
ִһֵľͷɢڳ⣬˳ߴӰƶѹ£ûɤƵòУ̽°
̣㰮ң
ƶСһ΢΢һ˫۾ʪģѽ
ԶҪ뿪ң˹ɤѹúܵͣӿòã
һѣƶֹסæӦá
Ҫѧѽ


 20 

ִűĴ, һĵղסϢóˣ, Ʋסĵⷢݡ
ֱ֡
ƶ£ɺܿ鲻Խ, ϸڽϢ
֪˶, ִ΢΢ſƶ䡣ƶһ˫Сֻ½, 죬۾ʪһСЩ, õѪȫ, Žִ
ûкúÿ, ϸֳֵһ˫۾ͨ, ֱĿȱ, ŴҪԵ
еˡǳԶ˳١
ִϵĶûͣ, ص, ˹, ΢΢ƫͷ, , ֪סƶ䴽ꡣ
ƶûóѡ
ִ΢̧, ָܿȥҪԵǵСӡƶ̧ס̵ıִÿƵòеɤżе, øס
Ϣңȫ
ƶϣСֽԴƫˣˡٹƶٸƿ
˺һִˣֱѱȥ룬ƶϸãֺѽԭװ׵Ķˣ滹ָӡ
ִһƽźƶžգ˵Ͷˣ´ܲʹ
ѩĹĵıԹ
ִָ̧֣ࡣһĿסƶס

˵ţ֪ƣ벻֪ۣ֣żᣬշתࡣ
һſ᣿
ӽߣ̣ƶ俴Ķˡ
ѽ֣ҿͻȻƿִڴһɴ⿪ֻԲӡ˱һ̡
۲ѽƶ̧۾ˮӯӯġ
ִһϸṴЦ⣬ĽСۡ
۲Ź֣ºĵҧôվһҲܣüͷûһ¡´ˣһ£ǻ˾Ͳҧġ
ִ˵ô
̻һֱ𣿡ƶЩΡ
ִš
ѹƶֶ꣬Цеģִ磬Ȼˣûоúܺÿѽ
ҵӡǣԶˡ
ִҲôģ޲ӡһЩһЩ̽ҲӡòãҲԶҡ
ƶһüۣҲҪ
ִЦЦӣԺٴЩҸġ
ţʲôѽƶ׷ʡ
ִЦ
ǻԺƶ䶼ȷˣϲִģǺûǰˣнִԸ񣬸Ӳʺһ
Ҫ뵱ӱ
ٵȰʱ䣬ֿһʱ󣬽ִҲͻᵭҲ
ְСʱΪȥˣƶǼûʲô䡣ǹùú͹ø˵ദģʽӰܴ󣬹øһº͵ˣԸܺãӡʮøûзƢˡùҲģ໥֣ɪƶĽǡ
ҲһɾϧִǣԸ壬粻֪ıһǺʹģ໥ĥġ
ۣɢ
ʲôѾԽִš
ƶ仺ҡҡͷ³
Сͷ·ݽҧ´µģִŻ˲ӣƶǰֽСֽǣߡ
·ˤˡ
ƶ䣺š
вƮƶ߽ȥ̣ϳʲôѽЦǳЦӯӯģСޣ
ƶߺ󣬽ִÿҹŻҶģһ˾ˣڼҳԷһŵı͸ڿƶ䣬ôһСҲЦġ
̫̫Եģ㣬ǴСţϺĢ
ƶ俴˿Ģ๾ֱðݣôѽлл̡
Ͼͺˣ̫̫ȥŰɡ
á
ִ¥鷿æƶȥԷߵſڵʱͨ
ִϽûع˾ϰࡣǽ
ܡִ
ڹ˾ֲүүģ̫֣
ִվһŵ绰һֲģܿ콭ϼžҪˡ
ˣǷ򡭡
ŭִҶϵ绰̧־ͽֻˤɳɫˮȻ£̧üģϡ
ƶ侲վſڣһŽȥ
ִ磬ˡɤ
ִһӳóһֻƶ䣬Ժɡ
ƶӹϳõҲѾغáֻɫǰɫģƶϲ
ߵ鷿ſڵʱ򣬽ִסŲ
ôˣƶʡ
ִɫ̡ɤƶ̧ȶ㯣ţ
ǰҲãҴˡҲ˻飬Ҳ̽㡣΢ңҵòá
ƶգգۣҲ˰
Ҵˡִִֵ˵ҵĴ
Ĳƭ㡣ƶᶨִһ˫ü̻ţšƶӯӯһЦż°һڡ
ѽ̫ˣҶײ㡣ֹӣִ磬һ
ִûǽ˱һЩĲˣ
ôôѽҶ˵˲ˡƶ죬ƣȽִҪ߳һͷСסִСӡüġ
ƶȥһЩ촽΢΢ſס˱
һϣִ̲סˣĻ
þúþú
ͲˣԺ˺òáе㷳ƶԺ
ִš
߰ɣҺöö˵ţڣ̧Լ̵գǰ棬鶯Ӱת¥ݡ
ִӰսƾһ˿뺦¡
һں򳿶ûлѧУƶ任ֻûϵʽϰûȥǴȥҽԺ
һ̽ҵ򳿵Ĳ
䡣һƶ䣬ϾʵЦֻ´ߵƶǰӹˮ
ôء򳿷źãתջ˰ɣҿ
ƶҡͷòЦѧô
װһ˫Сȷʵۡ
㰡ǽ򳿵ЦתֵͳҸࡣ
ƶ֣󣬡áһЩ򳿱һľ룬ѧôˣ
ϻмࡣ
򳿶ĿЩʧ䣬öˣҽ˵ͿԳԺѧУ̳ϵһ֪
䣬㻹ûлشҡ
ƶ䲻ǵãʲô
չ㣬Ůѡ
ƶ۽޴£Ǹε˵ѧѾˣңҡҲϲ㡣
»ңҵǸǰδͺˣǲģüͷţôףǲǣ
ǡ
ѧҲѸ˵Ǹġƶ򳿾һѧԲ𡣡
䡣ֹ
ƶǳǳһЦѧѧУпΣˣúϢ
ߵſڣǰס䣬һ°ɡ
ƶҡͷֱӾܾ
ðɡ˵źãһְ̧ƶӵס֫֡
ҲţҲϲһġ䣬Ұɡһúö㣬㡣
ƶʹ򳿣ſ
ҽԺصѧУƶͼѧϰӲŸִϢ˵Լѧˡ
ϡ
ִ鵭ɤҲȥĶˣ
ƶϥϵĿαϣûȥѽĿγ̿ɽˣҺѽ
ˮζ
ƶһţװԼڣûаִ̧ײް


 21 

ȥҰˣ
Ұˡƶ䷴
ֻȥҽԺ, ѧѾõò࣬˵ͿԳԺƶᡣ
ǿҵļ˲ӣࡣִҪʧ, һ˫ֺݺ߬£ȭͷ, ޱȿƵƿƶ, ۿͨ졣
ڲ֪, ռжǿж̰
ִ磬Ҹû, 㲻Ҫѽƶֳ̧˳½ǡ
, ûִͷϺ, ƴѹţӡ
ҷ, ŵ
ִŵƶϵˮζ, ޱȷΪֻϰ˶λϵͳ, ҽԺ˰Сʱ
Сʱʱ, ʲôأ
ӵǣҲǸ˻Ĳ, ὿, ᴭ۾ʪ
ִԽ, ľԽʹĵһһĸ
Ȼһɲ, ƶǰ㣬ִϲ˿˻ѳͣ·ߡƶ侪δп־ͺ¡
ִ, ﲻôƶżǵʡ
ƶ飬ִԼˣΣյľأһ˿һСϸչȥüģˣ
ƶգգۣϸܽëģе
ִıϸϸĦ۵գɤͳΣеСζԲҲã´βˡ
ƶýִ췴ʣղʲô
ִô˵ͱ˽ܲˣֻޱִֵ૵ֻ̣һ˵ģģ壬һСıƶߣϢԽ̡
Ӧңô
ƶ뵽ˣ˵ҸûʲôҲϲ
ִûһ㣬ִֻŵģҪӦ
̣Ӧҡƶ΢̵Ĵǲ᲻صҧһڡӦҡ
ִᣬȴСġ
ƶ촽΢Ҫ˵ͻȻֻһǽүүġִĥŴǳǳƶ̧Ϣȣүүĵ绰ÿ
£үү׵䰡ĩп𣿡
ƶֲ̧ʪЦŴ𣺡ûСô˽үү
ãԷɣСִһ𡣡˶٣үү˵лҪ˵ؽ
ƶ俴ִϽִ촽δ⡣ãүүģͽִһ
ţúúá
չҶϵ绰ִߴ㸲ûû˵ġƶһ˿ͷ㹻ˡ
ִͳƵɤ
ôṻ񫣬̰Զṻ
Ȱƶ׵÷ԺˣִպӦңֻҡ
ţִ磬ҴӦ㡣ƶС˵ģ۽ǶˣεεૣҵҪˮ
ӦǺܴ
ִϸСߣȫҵģ˲֪ô
ƶֹסĲļҲ֪ˡ
һĥ´ƶ˾绰
صƶ½ִû绰ҪؽݳԷ飬鷿˵ִ磬ҪؽݳԷģˡ
ִöڿļ𣺡š
ӦˣƶҲͷתҪߣִļϲǱߵˣ
ƶ΢üðɣƼ̺ܿףУ̫ϲüͷչӯӯһЦүүܺãͰףҺϲ
ִƼǸЦ滢ƭԶ㡣
Ц滢ƶɻ˰룬ǴӦִţ֪ˡ
ʮ㣬ƶùαϴϴ˯ʮʱֻ΢һƶ˯ۡ
ִ磺
ǿңƶۣ˯绰ˡ
ǽִƶԺù׼ۻҶϵĺûע⣬绰ǱûֻһӣԴɽ
ʮӲִ߽ƶ䷿䣬ֱӰ˱ԼߡӱӽıƶЩЩ
ůɫҹִֻߵſڷ˷ţȻתϴԱ˯¡
Ŀԡ
Ϊʲôҵ绰ִ
ƶʣҲ˯ˣǹġ
Сӣ˳˯϶еζ뵿ִʣɤͣ䲻䣬ұ˯
ƶҡͷ䡣
һ룬ְִƶᱧʵ̲סֱսԼ
жƶСüͷһ¾ֲ֪ʲôֻί˵Ų
ţǵļ¶ѣִţһڣһͺˣˡ
ðɡƶЭ
ȵģůͣƶСؿûûεر˯
ͻȻоСָһĶƶԺʣʲôѽ
ִָ֮ǰõġ
ŶƶòС
һϣִܣ᲻÷ſôš
ҹƶһΣҪȴһֻֽ㶼ŲԷ
ڶ죬ƶ˯ϰ˵𴲣ִѾˣǶ죬ÿ쳿ܡƶԳͣûе
϶˸ָ˯Ѿ͸оˣ겻󣬵Ǻܾ£Ϻܺÿʺ
ִϴû·¥档
ϲ𣿡
ƶ֪˵ǽָϲѽЦӯӯģ۾£ǻһǳǳա
ָȦǵ֣ƶûпȻҲûִ֣ûᣬ⣬һڹ֭ߣڳ㡣
áƶźɰ
ִصϣҲ˾ڼʻλںԼʮӺƶŰɫᱡ޷ѩë죬һСԵýˡ
ִСȻʧ
ʲôƶãȻ
ִָ̧ǵա
ѽ˲졣ƶ΢죬΢΢ߵ顣Լóֽϸϸ
ݣִȥﶼƶ䣬ʱ䶼ڽүү鷿̸۹ϵ飬ƶһֻ
緹ոճ˻ûִĸ׽ͻˡ
θߴʮȴ쪣硣ִüӢִͦҳɫĮ۾żŭƱˡ
ִƶסϴλ鷿ſڣǽִӣֻƹƹҵŽִʱ϶˲ʣһһġ
䣬ſƶ䣬Щˡ
ִƿƶ֣һۣŽߡүү̾¥ȥˡ
ֻʣˣֻضƶ˵СɩӣȥѽְأŵʱѸˣܿĻ㡣
ƼЦҲֹס̡ѵ⽭˵ʲôأתƶС֣˵ģСְִָܺõģӦǳȥ̸ϵ顣
š
Ƽƶ俴ӣĻϲʱȶߵսĿƼ̶˸
ƶ˵ʼշĲ½ִ
ӻ᲻ѽүү˵ְִУӦúܴ򣬽ִù
ţƶȥԺˡ


 22 

ӾԱ, ƶ俴˽ִߣ۽, ҲģɫĴմſݲݡڵϻûվ
ƶü, Щǣ
ִקƶ, ǿƵߡӸղŶڴ, ҽûִܴ
ûٻعݣԽ
ִһ·, ƶҩִҩִɳ, ƶɳ, 
еۣһ̡ǰ, ǩճ˾ƾ˿, Ū
ִһ, һ, ֻһ˫۾Ĭ
к, ش, ƶϸСյѩ͸, ˳ϸܵĽëͶӰЦʱ򴽽Ҳ΢΢̵, ʱ͸õ۵ĺ죬Ρ
·ͷһȦϸͿĨ, ССһֻӡ
ִһ˲˲ĳޱ̰أ˿õģһ˿һƵԿĵס
۲ѽƶᣬ̧һ˫ˮӯӯӿ
ִۡṴ˿üͷ𣬲֪ܵ˵һ£Ͳˡ
ƶ죬һۡɻС촽չȥŽִһ£ûסֺҧһڣڽִҪʱѸ뿪
ҩͿȥˡ˵ţһЦҩɳȥС΢΢졣
ߵſڣƶʲôͷʣִ磬ͽĹϵܲôʹأ
ִɫһɤͳƳ£ȥɡ
ðɡ
ִ˵ƶҲǿ
ʱúܿ죬һξ͵ĩϣִƶȥѧУúÿ
šƶЦӯӯģҿʲô
ִ̧ϸĳ磺Ҫʲô
ƶ룬Ƭ̺˵ҪһԸһҪӦ֣𣿡
ִЦһҪӦһҪȥأ
ѽôأӦƶ使ȥֱۻΣŴӦִ硣
ִһ˫סϸ˱ԼϣͷȥɤãӦ㡣
ƶ￪ģֱˣ΢΢ͷɬӦ
о飬ִĳ¶΢΢۽ףݺݼǣһֶֻݡ
Сô˻ûѧỻǵԺִ΢΢뿪̵Ϣĥ΢׵Ĵϡ
̣ҪҵҲӦ㡣űѹõͣ˵繡
ִ磬áƶţˮɵҲѣС죬ĲС
ִһ˫㺷ӿ޸Һòã
ƶ䱻ٵסˣ촽΢ţá
ԡִһٶȺ
ƶ俼Խοƶʮ㡣
ִҪ죬ǰƶúôڼﶼȥѾŵ˻۷
ʰöһȥң³Ҫѡ
ƶ¶ģûӦѾװˣСС㡣ƿִߵͨ죬ѽҲȥ
˵ţְӴ򿪣ҪóԼѡ
ִߴһ˫ְСɤ˵̣Ҷ㡣
ѡƶŬҪѧϰء
ִʱæˣҴú죬ѧѩҽ㡣
ƶ۾һǱѩ𣿡
ţѩǵȻѩ
ִһǣƶ䣬һߡƶ̧ͷ;ԴǺͺúûгÿ˯ҲҪš
ôô˰
˴ķɻϵѩǡ
³󣬷ԿȥͣһذƶûƵִ꣬ǣҲסĿĴת
¥׷źúȥ
һ·ƶЩۣó˯½ԡϴִɳϣ򿪵Կʼ
ϴ꣬ƶ䴩Űɫë޵˯³ɵɵڴϡͼĴһⴲִ
ԴӺͽִ˯һƶִĴСˣǲΪ飬һ졣
ѽƶվڴϱ˱ġ
ִСӰĶϹǳЦһǳĴô
ѽûû˵ţƶQȥӰԼס
ִ꣬ߵȥǻһġ
ƶҪģ׵ġ
һ͹ˡ
Ϊʲôѽƶ䲻⡣
ִ΢΢һЦܡ
ƶ㱧ôôѽ
һ죬ִҲȥϴƶڴֻϵСϷִûע⵽պǿԵĵʮ죬ĳɼˡ
ԤĻҪá
ֻϵ֣Ц⣬ĵĴһ͹ִ˫ֽ֫ʲô飬ôģ
ƶԼѧָ
ִЦЦƶֵÿЦŤŤȥڻִ⶯ѣۺ촽ȡ
ƶ俴Ҫ˵ʶҪ㿪֪ΪʲôִϲףÿζŪʹҪϴ졣
ִһѰ̻ѹ¿ʼʮֶ
áſཿεε˶ۿ̣ɤƵòУ˯ɣȥϴ衣
ʵ̲ס
ţƶ㯵ؿ۽Ǻ죬ղŲǲϴ𣿡
ִЦϸ˵ֱƶԺģůߣһ˫ϸֱذסʮִ磬Ҳȥ
ԡִ
ƶ䲻ȥѽ̵Ļ
ִ߷Щ̲ס㡣
ţ̧һ˫峺¶
ְִطȷ𣿡
ƶͫһƿ˿мһӡִСģչȥ֪ô𣿡
֪ƶһͨ죬ϸ
ҽ㡣ִùֻ㿪СӰƶ俴Ѿ꣬Щǿѧ˽һ¡
ƶûнӴȽźֺ棬˼뽻սһӰѾŵ˹ؼطָֻĻסССʽִҲ𣿡
ִû˵ȥ֤
ƶ䱻̵һӰһܣƫƫŮȴΪʹӣҲʹ࣬ƶ䲻뿴ˣͷ﷭ԽִÿҪ˯
ִصֻӱӵסƶ䣬ϢأҪҪ
ҪܾҪײǻĳһ㡣
ִ󾱣ԡȥ
ʱ䣬̸ִףȻƶȥѩС飬һСʱ˾裬ѧģ
ѩƶŻѩ˴бϻִЦվ治ԶؿһһΣź޷Ӱӷֿɰ졣
üƶˣ˻ѩװִܹȥִס˸°ͿţСӯӯЦУִ磬𣿡
촽ؼ䣬뵰
ţִִ̧˴÷䲻䣿
䡣
ִԼĴ°ƶӵסͷȥԼȵղ۵Сǰ´档
غ죬ùô绰ƶؼҹꡣ


 23 

ִһ߿, ɫϸӡ
ùãҹٻɣʱ绰ƶ˵
绰Ǳ, ùУټڱͶ, 㻹Ҫȼ졣ҿ, һķɻ˵, ԱߵĹø۷硣
øȻ˵䣬ùõ, һĻƱ, Ҹ鿴øֻʼ쿴ɻƱ
ƶ䣺ø, ѧУء
ùùøȫûһ㣬ڵ绰ǱСƱ顣ʱ, ִӹƶֻȥһߡ
Ƚִٻʱ, 绰ѾҶ, ˵㲻ûȥ
˵ʲôƶżʡ
ûʲô, ˵Ҫʵϰ, ûջȥ
ƶû뿪ùùøôʱ, Ҳ, Ǵȥģ̫, 죬ǽֱִȥˡ
ôأһҪȥġƶ˵СϴЩ
ִĪص, ȥô죿
ƶ䣺ôˡ
ļأְִƶԴȵľѣҲһˣݼһȥ
ùһȥ꣬ȻҪǰȥģô¶ƶֲСӣʲôĵѽ
֪㹤æԼȥԵġ
УִأסƶϸֱҲȻս
ִôɶû𣿣ƶ̫Եˡ
ִŲţĬһ˫۾˿ݾ뿪һ춼С
ƶ֪辢㲻ƽϡ
صǣƶеľͶ뵽ѧϰϽִ°ϴѾʮ㣬鷿
Сڵ̺ϣڲ輸һαɢϣҧűͷһ˼ģ
ִߵǰûзӸµſϴͷδɵģƹƤ׵ϸ壬Сá
ôľûȥ
һӡ
ƶ侪һЦеģִ磬
šִرڻ䣬Һ˯˺òã
⴫ƶ使΢΢СԴƫŬŬͣһҳûأԼ˯ѽ
ִĵĴչȥŶ޵ҧϢȣߵƣ㲻ڣ˯š
ëôԽԽѽ˯Ҫ
ƶ䱻òļϽִҲѽ
ִЦ§˱ƶȥ
շŵϣִߴƶ΢ȵһףһһõƵɤʣҪѧϰҪ
걻ҧĥţƶģҪ
ң

һĥ´棬ƶѾһ̲ˮϸļȫĳµָӡϸǺۡ
ִԼҲ˻𣬶ͷűһ˫̵÷졣סҵĺϸƶȥ˯ãȻָϱӲȥԡҡ
̲סȴ᲻ĶֻԼĥü尾ܡ
ϼҵ˼գƶ䱾콭ִϰ͵͵ƱߵġٽأִĹæµ԰ƶ˾ȥ
ƶһִĹ˾˽˵϶¥칫ҡִڰ칫ǰƶһߵɳֻ
ڼС㱨ɳϵŮһǽܽԺãûдŮ˾λǺηʥ񰡡ҴһƳ񻹺Ư
ȥһȻкصģǩΪɼνִ칫һ̽
ܲиδӦþǰ칫λɡСЩɻ
Ůóֻ֮ǰϵţϼ̫ƶС㣬Ƭ͸ղżһԱȣǱûֻǱ˱ƬϻҪƯ
£˶ȷˣ칫λǽִδޣϼŵ̫
磬ƶֻյүүĶţ䣬Сִ˾칫ҳɫļҷһƬ
ִڸڻҿأƶϢ˵ãߵ칫ǰ򿪳룬һɫļУҪ־òԣүүҪϢֱҽִҪ
Ϣǽүү𣿻Žүүֻأ
ƶԥˣִ
Сվڰ칫ǰ뿪ţ㲻ɣ߹ȥ³һ˱ϣһң˰칫Ҵš
ʲôأִʣͷϸỬļ
ƶ㿪ִȵıϢֻϢݵǰ
ִ㷢ˣ
ûСƶҡͷҾòԾҡ
үүҪֱѽôҷϢء
ִǺһĨЦ˫Լţ˵ţƶ촽ǡ
ѽִ˽ˡƶš
СԴֱ㣬һξѩףִ۽ףĵشչȥǳζƱǼ⣬ԵػϣĶʼ١
û˸ҽĥǣ΢ۡ
绰ǱߵûյϢַһ䣬ûҵ
ƶֱִִֻӲͨ˵绰˺þֱ绰ԶҶϣǱߵ˶ûнӡ
үү绰һճģһǹϵġƶ䷢Ϣ绰ֲִүүĹ绰үүܿͨ˵Լڳһһֻүү˵żˡ
ִ磬˭ѽƶ档Ҫȡ˾
ִƶŵɳϣֻ˵ܣһᴦá
ִƶ䣬ֱͷһ죬ûҵ͵͵Ʊ͵͵ؼңͽִ˵Ҳǲϣ
ùø绰úʵϰ߲زҲˣֻúúͽִڣҹҪԾһЩԱһЩ
ƼҲ˵绰ǻȥԷִƶֻܾ
Խ̺˾嶼ٻؼˣֻʣƶͽִˡƶڲܻؼҵͽִ˺ö죬ϦҹִһĲˣƶûҲûθڣֱ¥ط䣬Լڱ
꣬


 24 

ȥԷ, һȥִվڴǰƵĹ鵭ʲô
ƶ޹, Žִ, Ϣ, Ƶģִ, ҸоҪ
ҲĳҪɡ
, ִӡ
ĳĬ
ִɫԽ, ɤ, ˫ֲսȭ뿪ң𣿡
, Ҹоѹ֡ƶǰ㣬һ˫Сȥȭͷ, ĸչ, ⲻܹϵ, 𣿡
ִ, ۲΢ǲǣ
ôͲأ, Ӳҵȥ, Ҵʲô·Һ˵仰ˡƶ΢, ˮ⣬ִҲ˽
ǡ
ָ̧ᣬִֵ˵ 
ƶ俴Žִ, ִ̧֣ګګ˵Ҿ㣬ܹˣˡ
۽ޣƽٹҾߣ뿪㲻ٻ
ִȻסƶ°ͱ̧Լӣɤѹֵͣ˵һ飡
˵ܹˣҪ뿪㣬ϲˡƶʹüͷ΢΢ţģȴᶨ
ʹſ
ִûţ߬øҪȥ
ң
ƶ޵һͨ죬ִ֣Ҫͷȥҧڣ滹ϴҧµӡ˫ץǿֱǴ
ҪȥһԶĵطԶҲң
˰Σִɿ
˵Ļˣʣһ˫ͨĶƶ䣺ƭң
֪ΪΣƶ޳ȫᣬˮ٣ûƭ㣬ϲģӵһҵʱҾϲ㣬㡣ţһһεƿңҸоϢ
Ұ㰮㣬أְ𣿡
ô԰ԼڣεԼִʹһ
ûлӦƶЦһͲңֻǰҵһֻ
޵ûССһһ𡣽ִȥȴһƿ
Ҳ뿴㣡
ˣˡִٶȱסǿӲ£ڻһһµıᰲ
ţƲһҧͷҶ˵ҲˣҲ飬Ҫ뿪㡣
ִɳƣѹŷŭʹͨˮ̣˵Ļ˵ô
ͷȥɸһƶ䱴ݾͽҧסݺҧóѪ
ִܲˣ˫ƶСִŵҪɬӦһӵģ㷢ĵģôġ
ݼһɵѪζӿǵֲ࣬ƶ˵žĵĻȴޱȵĳʵϼĲĶ㱡
һ룬ѹ
ңģƶþȫƿִֺ̧ݺݲǣݺݵ
ţָĽָȡ´򿪴ȥ
ִڴûһЩеĶֻĿھʹһס࣬ʹ
ƶվǰ˰ɣ˵Ķġ
ƹŧִͷ΢΢ţϵı飬õĳĬ̧һżƽɤҲ糣䣺ţ֪ˡ
޳˫һһſߣ˫óѪ
ȥƶҲ֧Ųס̱ϣ˫ֱסϥǰͷȥƲסط޳
þᣬҪúúͽִһ𣬿ܲƫִԸţҲһһۡ
µøˣӡˮ
顣һŴ汻عϣϸһԿ׵죬ƶ޵Ժ߹ȥסŤ£û
Ŵ汻ˡ
ִִƶغûӦ
ִţִ
ԽżһߺִһŰʹŤֱСճȭͷĴ档
þŶûд򿪣氲ûа
ƶڵϣղѣӦ̹˵ģ¾ͺˣʱѧֱӳ
ڽִһֱ
콭ִ˾ͻţʱϸ
ţƶȥԡϴȻص˯
ڶϾŵģз⴫죬ֵҹƶʱ˯ϸĳɢͷϣСڱϢǳǳ˯̬
ͻȻһ³űӵһʪ͸˵ıƶʶһ£˯ۡûˣ򢱻һֻֽ߬ס΢ţϢǿƹ룬˱ǡ
ƶִ
èƵͺ˽ִֺǵϵ˸ԵصĶй߰ԡ
ղŻȣ̡
ָһƶ䶪Ľָ´صָϡ
˷˺ݣҪ̻˶飬ƶʹһ˫һֻͷȫˡ
˻ʪ͸ҲȾʪƶϵ˯ͲڣƤҲʪģŵˮ⡣
֪˶ãִǵԼȱϢŰƶɿһ˫̾ɺѪ˿ףɤƵͳ
ƶ䣬Ҳ뿪ңһӶҪ롣
һν֣ƶϲǵۡ
ֻҵģֻһˡִǽڷָһһ縧ϸ
ƶعһЩǣɤȴ˵Ҳǣġ
ִЦɺ㺷ӿߵƣϾˡ
һ˲䣬ƶס׵׵ѣƴĴ
ۡʵؿޣִ硭
΢һƶӾִļǹԵļ¶ᣬɤ
ƶƴҡͷҪ޷ʪ͸ڷ׵ϣݽ´ҧҧƣʺѪ
ִ໺սƲסķͷ䣬¶
ͣƬ̣ڻޱ̵طƶӷקűӿ޵һһġ
ϣִ
Сʱ۾شӺ˰ڻųһ̾
겻֪ʱͣЪ΢ĹƲ͸ִˣִֻ汻ϣƶ߽ԡңȵˮС
ִûҪҲʮĥˣƶϸ䣬ֻΪһֱҪϽ
νִĶŭͷͽţ̡
ƶϴóȫ꣬Ƕ¥治̫ߣƶվ¶̨Ŀ߶ȡ
ǽָȥģïʢܵĹľԡϽִʪģָôСһ
ƶ俴ϵĽָȡŵͷ
ջﷱӵ˼ҵԼп¶̨ĵϣŽִţȻ¥ܡ


 25 

˺þúþ, ڼִȥ
ƶ䰴Ŀĸ߶ȼ˱Ȼһͷ˩ڴϣһͷ˩Լ, ˳ǽĻ
ֻػ׾ʱͣסˣƶ䱻ǽ, ϲȥҲ²˾롣
̡̡ƶ亰ͻȻ, ̺˾嶼ؼҹ, ˽ִûˡ
컹ϸ꣬һͷͱܵʪġ
ıȥ, ֲ, ˤԼƶüͷ, ԺķǷǷ, ִʲôʱѽ
ʮһ룬ִ
ƶ俴ִĳ, źִ, ִ硣
Ȼڳ, ǽִ, 򿪳˳ȥ, һ۾Ϳǽϵƶ䡣ûаѳͣ, ֱͣƶ߹ȥ
ִø, һ˫ֱ۸һ˫ƶ䣬һ߸ı΢΢ʧأƶ͸ּ͵Ļ
˫ŽִĲ, ˫䡣
˵ӴŭƶС˵Ҫȥ
ִûţ·ڴ֤пóŭ۶ƶ䣬ʵܣ
ƶգۣܿĿ⣺ǣҡҡ
˵ֱ׳ģҿˣҺöҪȥԵġ
ִƵһЦ§ߣشֺݺ֫һ¡ƶ۵ðỨС˲ߺ죬ۣ
ۣ¥ʱͲˤִҶˡ
Īأҹ΢һҪٽȥһ㣬ҲֱϴܣһֱۣʵҧýҲۡ
𶯣ִɤƣĻһ¡
ƶ۵һԴֱִ㣬һ˫ˮίίɿģǸоʲôӶҲҶ
صԼңִһѽƶڴϣ漴еĴϡ
ŽִҪˤųȥƶæܵǰסСС˽һſС
ִ磬ҡӣʱӾˮӯӯҺ¡
϶Լûס֣ƶڰûڲѡ
ִɵĿƶü̻þòش
ʵ̫ˣŻ˵Щִ磬ЩܵġƶŴŴִ硣
ҲԣԺҲ˵Щˡ
Բ𡣡
ִ硣С̧س½ִ죬ģˣòã
ִǲ𻰣۾һգӨӾ͹
ִļļطָ̧ϵۣɤЩͣҪأô죿
ģҲܵġƶᶨ
űƶգڵŨذˣĴָָĦ꣬׵̫ݵԭڻ΢΢ţɫٵѪ
С죬ƭҡ
Ҳƭ㡣
ţƶţֱ۹ŽִԴ£촽شȥżɬ
ִǹ¶̵۰£ƶ䡣
С۾ëֳ·εźΣҲǺģϢҡ
˺һ
ִ磬Ҳƭ㡣ȫǳ̬һ˫۾ȴС¹һ㣬
ִ̫ƭԡ
ִҲͲסƶѹŰϣһֻ־ͽһ˫ͷһֻס°̧ͷȥ
졣ƵӺϢȣ޾ٵӿ㺡
Ҫˣƶ۸Լӵѣִ磬۸
Ҿ۸㣡ô˻ᣬִǿƶ룬סСࡣ
ܾúܾ֮
ִһ߸ƶ֣һ˵ã㡣㲻ƭˡ
š
ˮղøɾ󣬽ִСַڴǡƶѸٳԼָﻹҪҵģ
֣ȴεεķ
ִԼĴ򿪸˵м룬û
᲻ᣬҸࡣ
ᣡ
ִ֣һһ
ʵǺᣬƶҲ֪ôõľϲţֿˡʱߵֱ㣬ɽִȴĵذץҪҪ
ţǹ̵¶ȷ·ģͺδʵֺ࣬ƶûˣˡ
ʹģŵǰţüͷ𣺡óѽ
ִһЦ
ԼšƶֵݵǼ⣬ǲǣ
ġЦŨżϷʡ
ƶŲǳģһҪȥϴϴɾ
ֱִ۵ֱҸϴ
ƶִ֪ǺõģΪܣ޷˵ıʱҲѡ뿪¶˾ģ
ϴ̨ǰִӺƶ价סСˮϴ̣һɽ𣿡
ƶһ£ϲ־ûҪˡ
ִ磬ֲȥˡתǳЦӯӯŽִһʢһ㣬ģɡ
²Ҫ׵뿪úɡ
Цִһˣͷӡͷ͵͵³һ֣á
Դĸȥһ˹ڣںˣԸ
ǳһһ춼ֱ꣬ߵִͣ˲ͣƶԵЦеģʱĸִвˡ
ƶŽִȥ˵̻š
ִҪܵ£ֽ̳ǣţһ붼ҷšҪʲôá
ִ磬Ҫ̡ƶŽִǱȥ
ִһζΪϲ̣
ƶִһˣ΢΢ŲһЩԼҺþöûкˣŻ𣿡
һڣζѾѪҺ裬һӶ
С
ƶ䳷㲻㣿
ִ㡣
ҵȻ㣬ġƶ°΢΢һתڱǰѡԼϲȵζ
ִչȥСţҵǳģѡһĺȡ
ΧôأƶӨӨٿغ͸ˡִԼ֣ԽԽ
ˣˡִŵõᡣ
صԽƶ²óԼִ̻̣صһ
ִĻ̻
ִ磬֪ʲô𣿡ƶʡ
ִҡͷ
ƶ֣СʱûСϲŮѽ
һȼɫ̻ɢƶӹȥִСһ㣬̵

ƶָ⣬˫תȦ޵СЦӯӯģɫ̻˸ԾΧһжǺڵģΨģ۾ӡ
ִĬţһһЦ⡣
ִ磬ҪǸġŮܿȼƶָ̧ܹѡĴ̻
ֽͰȼ߻ڸ߿С
ȥִĴǿ˵ҪԼ㡣
ǰɽʹûԼ̻ڣرҪԼ㡣
Сִܾ
ҾҪԼ㡣
СִŵúܣִÿüƢş̌ѩ΢һƶ۵ü˻һ
վһ߶ȥִ
ƶߺߵ˺߳һξ룬ߵȼִҲ첽ߵһ̻ڰը
ţʵ̻׷ը
ۣƯѽƶ˷ܵغͷ߸ߵţѤû峺
̳ףֻһɫĳë£һ˫ɫëЬִӺӵס䲻䣿
鲻ԽЩٱЩǺ޲ðǶѪ
䡣ƶô˵ȴֱСҲִ
ǲůͣƤ·ֱ꣬Ӳ⣬Сһ죬̲ס˴
Ӳ
ůͰ
ִ˰ԼǰĴ½ƶסӵһ̻
̣Ժÿ궼òãִɤ˵ᣬɳƴƻ
ƶҧס´һŻشá
ʱúܿ죬һתƶͿѧˡѧӵùεϺÿζǽִȥ˯
ģִԾĹβǴһĿγ̡
ڶöȥ飬õĽƶǰѧ֣·һϵĽصذ
ִŻ˯ƶ䣬Խһҹδߡ

 26 

ִû, ǵƶ̸
Լɼƶѧֱҵ칫ܽϲЦտ, Ų豭һڲ裬͵, ĩ, ƶʦôһѧ
, ϵҼҳԷɡܽһ˵һߴ򿪳óSѧУ֪ͨ飬ݵƶϡ
ƶſҪܾ, ֻܽ˵žܾ, Ѿ绰ʦĸȥˡ
, ƶ䲻پܾЦеӦ¡
վڰ칫ſڵƶ, ϢȲŽȥЦǺǵƶ첲, ܽ, һ𣿡
ܽҲЦ, ŮǳŻϢ, , ⡣
˵ʦĸĳտǼƵĴ, пڸˡĲƨ
Ӱ칫ҳƶֻ֪ͨ춼, £Цеı۾鲻ԽԭתȦ
Ϊˣظڳµļ, ͬѧͣʲô
ƶ룬˵ҪԵ⡣
ʡǮ󵨵˵ҪȫϯҲŪ
ƶҡͷǰǰҿԿúãùùø򵰸ףҪĨζġ
ãͬѧ˵㡣
ûǺЩֲ䣺Ҹһ޵Ĩ走⡣
á
磬ƶֱóֻʶҪĺϢִ߽ɴͨѶ¼ͨ˹ùõĺ롣
ùüֱҪˣ䰡ڳǰܳʱһҺø칦磬Ѷϼ
ʱִ٣ʮ֮ҪȥSУùãʱϲȷżٻɡ
áùҲûǿַԼչ˺Լ
ʱýִȥѧУҲЩù߶ţ˾æʱҲԴ绰㡣
øһֱԱţѵϵȽִ°࣬ЩҴ绰ִ˵
ƶˣͻȻĻţϽ˵øЩ͸ִ˵ˣҺܺãѾӦˣæ࣬ϻҪӰ࣬ͱ绰
ִ߽Ҫ͵͵ߡ
Ҷϵ绰ִϢִ磬ȥܽڼҳԷ㲻ҡ
һӺ󣬽ִϢع극ҷַ㡣
ƶ䣺á
ܽڼֻˣΨһĶйڲŻϡ
ʦĸܽڿҪ࣬ףһкƶȥæµ
ܽԱϴ˴֣һ̸۲˼ۣһ˵ѧУ飬˵˵ЦЦģܰг
ƶ߽ҪȥæʦĸЦеؽͬѧǽǣȥųԾˡ
һμƶ䣬װһСƯ£崿ɾϲô
ʦĸСܽڣ𣿡
ܽڵȻ֪˵˼ǵĶӶʮ˻û̸ѣЩżûС
ģǡʦĸһϲ
ֻܽڴǣ˼δ򡣡
Ŷѽδˣʦĸš
ܽͿƶ䣬ƶҲ˽һģԼ֪ͳͳ˵Ĭ̾Щʧ䡣
ԼһСʱ󣬷һӣɫζȫƨĵûʦĸȷʵϼѣһҲã֮ƶԷ˹Ĳ١
ʦĸŽٵĲˣƶԲеųԡ
ԸˣܽڼûоƣʦĸóƿƣܽڵξƲմԺþһ߿š
ʦĸǺȾơ
ƵľƶȺҲûʲôоͷͿʼЩκ
ˣִ粻ҺȾƵġʱͻȻֻ
ι
ûꣿִ
ѽִ㲻ңԼ򳵻ȥ΢΢̣ŲڵϷ顣
绰ǱߣִЩ΢΢üַĿݷ
Ŷ
ãһⶼޣƶС԰ͤ¡ƶԽԺѽִҪַ
ֻңҸַ
ƶݸˣִҲġСſϣ촽΢ཡ
ô
ţʱ׵ġ
ƢôãǾͷ֣ƶСǺƶСһ𳤴ģ֪δ򲻻۸ɣ
ƶҡͷֵͷƾЩ롣
ֻͣô΢ҵǳƽִ磬Ȼ󷢵ַȥʮӺ󣬽ִһɫװȳӢͦ䡣
ϱ鵭Į΢΢ƶ䱧Ȼתߡ
Ӧǰ˳ø߲Ӵ첽׷ȥİ
ִӹ
Žִ·۶ȥʲôлл˵СֹҲ˵һȥ
صѾݼٻƶԺ˯ڽִӭȥ̫̫ˣҪҪһѾ
ִؾá
ֱ϶¥š
ƶ䱻ӽıգգۣ૵ȣѽͨ죬Լѡ
ִһߣİ飬ŴĿ֪ͨȻǰıʮ֮ȭͷٿֳ
ˮŮִ磬Ҫˮ
ƶڱŴͷˮһ˫ãȻ롣Ƭ̺󣬽ִ͸
ҺԿǻˮǾơ
šҪˮƶüŤŤƿִһ˲们¡
ѩӯӯէִ֣߲ӵĻް˹ɬĺ
һһµ˱УƶֹסҲģ۸ҡ
㡣ִɤƵûߣ̡
Ǻ֮ǰǴһƶһֱ۲ϣִʼպݲģһηŹó¼ʣ
֮ǰһҾƹȥƶ䳹׵׵ˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôʹȴĸоֻǺֲˣһִδоȴֺ񲻺ܡ
֪˶á
ִ̧ͷƶ۾С΢ŵӣָԼǣȫȥˡ
ƶЩߺ¼Цպá
ûִߵ鷿СԼֱۣǳѪҺصңѪҺϣֲ˵ƶѩ׵ļϡ
ڶϣƶǱֻѵġ
С죬
䣬ʲôʱѾԤˣȡһ˵ҲסĹԢɡ
áƶɳɳģ˯㡣
ƻûأ
û
ðɺðɣ˯
Ҷϵ绰ƶ䳶˳ӷ˯˯˯𴲣ƿǳɫıһĨ죬ϸһҲС
ִģ
ʱҷŴ򿪡
ƶ㶵ĻûӦִߵǰߴӶֽϸС˽
ؿɤҲ᣺̣£ǿȾٰ񣬵ȹ䵽֤
ô


 27 

ƶҲ˵, ̧ͷһ˫۾ˮ٣Ŵŵ˲ʱȫ, һգ۽ëմʪ
ִһţ̧, Щ޴ظᡣɤ˵С, , ޣһúö㣬ҡ
Сֱֱؿ, ǲ˵
ţ
ƶһֱĿ, ۽Ƕ, ҡҡͷڿ˵ۡ
ǱˡִĶͷ, Ħٿ޾Ͳÿˡ
˵۸ҵġͽִ˯һü£ֹ, żֻȰ, ƶû뵽ִ, һ
ûסҡִСַԼ, Ҫѹʹҡ
, ۡ
ִôһ˵, ƶ޵øͷ, ſھҧûֲģſˣֻһ˫ϸֱ۱ס, ˽͸Ļ
Ҳ㣬ҲӲţСС
ִʮ㣬ĺ󱳣ذ˺һŷſƶ뿪
ƶֹͣȥԡϴ
ȵˮȫǰ߲ĺۣϸҹ飬һͷۡ
ִǸ
ûСһЩͼЩ
ϸϸϴãص򿪴ͷѰңִǴ˾ӦûʣµģﶼûС
ƶڸȷִûд
ô죿ỳеģ
·鷿ʱ򣬽ִûгţҼﻹһİˣװɳϣͽ̸ִʲô輸ϰŰ׻ϡ
Ͼ˼ЩֻЧʱϽȥһҩԡ
߳ȴϳĽִӺץסֻ˵ҽ
ݾܾƶŽִ߽鷿
С㣬鷳ǩ֡˴۾ʱһƵƶǰɫԱʷ档
ʲôƶ俴ԱߵĽִɻ
ִһЦְѱʵݵƶǩְɡ
ƶ䲻ϣϸ쿴֣ʦ͵С㣬һݲƲ֤ԸԼ˾ɷݵİٷ֮ʮ˽˲Ʋһױ͡
ҲҪƶܾϡ
棬ִѾǩˡּ͸ơ
ʦЩΣԾȥ¶̨
Ҫʲôִʡ
ʲôҪƶȫû뵽ִϰֽдִҪȫҶ͸
ʱƶֻĵ绰
ҪӣִȥҶϡѾöȥ׼ˣڰ嵺лôʱѹùǽͬѧѡڲزסļС
̫ʧȥˡ
ִһûӦأƶЩУ΢΢ü
ʲôʱӦ
ĵ绰ִִһɫҪˤֻļƣƶѸȥ
ˣߴȥԢԵ⡣
ִ磬ҪȥĹԢһˡ
Ȱǩˣȥ
ƶû˵ֱ˺ִ磬ҲҪЩ̬ȼ
ִȭͷҪȴּţüһ˫䡣ã߰ɣ㡣
˾ʦߣƶִʻ
ȥʲôִ۰ȫ
ƶ䶨˵Ϊ˸ףѧֱҵѧ飬΢΢죬ա
ִƺ̫š
߰ɣҺüˡ
ʻƶһ˫۾ϸĹ۲棬ǰһҩ꣬ƶýִͣ
ʲô
ƶ䣺ȥʳҩԱһҳС
ִȥ
ƶȥһЩʳȻ߽ҩһŽҩ½ִҩԱĿ⣬ҩšȪˮ¡
صϣִһҲûʣƶ߽ҩһ̣ѾµˡһЦôҪƲϵƲҪҲӦ
ǣҪǷһӹƶˡ
ͣԢ¥£ƶü۴Цǳǳִ³ĵһֻС
þöûĵĶЦˡﷳִ꣬ȭͷشڷϡ
ûߣһֱ¥µš
ҹɫ޺ִںڰУԹ¼š飬ֻܿĲ
ŵƶ¥ִûи绰ҲûзϢ
δ㣿ʣ֮ǰǹܵĺܽ𣿣
ƶҡͷҴ򳵻ȥ
վ·ߵȳִʻȥƶҲˣִĳСܹȥ򿪳ʻ
ִ磬һֱڵң
ִÿɷһ۾Ϳϵˮ
ҿ
ҪҵģҪһֱţ˭ƶ俴ЩЦ΢΢̧°ͣһޱȱ顣
ĶͱúܣҪһֱţ͸Ľָͷڳˣִһ˫۾죬ֱʵҪѪ
صѾʮ࣬ƶϴ͹˯ˣִæѻ˯ƶ䱧Լҡ
ҲҪ˯ΰѼ䣬ƶ档
ŵϣִ͸ȥཱུӣ׵ԺŽϵ
ϴű˵Ķֻȫȫ
еĹ˼գʱ䡣ִ⼸칫˾æ϶°ҹŻؼҡ
죬ֻվϲҺյĻƱʱ䣬²֧Ǯ
ýִûл¥ʰԼĶŪúص³ǰ콭ִ֪յȥˣִܵķңϴ£̺棬ͷ³ҵĵطұ˻ûС
ƶ㬵¥
̫̫𣿡ʣӵݵǰ
ƶ۾һ
ҵġʧãƶ˻ˣüЦ𡣡̣ҵģ
԰Ժ޼µĹľ﷢ֵġʰû˽̿ƶ䱦Цʣǽ͸İɡ
ƶ京һЦš
ǰﲻ˸ʦ̸ǰƲ飬Ը̫̫٣
ҾܾˡƶشҪߵģôִܽܽĲƲǲߣҲҪ
̲⣺̫ˣ
ƶڲ̣ɣҺö
ãáƶ䲻Ը˵Ҳʡ
ƽʱ̫̫ͺܺúܺãӦò̫ġ
̫̫浥ҲʨӴ󿪿ڣĪ̫̫˽̫̫Ҫݺýһʣ
Ҳѹֽ⼸ջԽ˵ĸӴ
̾
ϣִûлƶ绰ֻ˵æҪӰ࣬˯ڹ˾
ƶﰵɿųӦû˳ʮķɻϵĶѾʰãͻȻʲô鷿ҵԼİһͨ¼ȡ֪ͨ鲻ˣ
ǵǷڼвģھûС߰˰˵Ķ˺ü飬ûС
ƶˣû֪ͨôȥѧУ
ҵ֪ͨǲǷˣƶ绰ҡ
裬ãȻ㶵ģûаѧУҿļвˡ
ϸңҰûУҲˣҲԽ˵Խƶ䶼ҪˡҺһĶء
ã𼱣Ͼҡص绰
á
Сʱص绰ȷûС
ô죬Ҫߡ
ˣȥܽڼƶָܽڴ绰ܽڶ˯ˣԺģʦĸ˵𴲸ҡ
ֻܽڻص绰˵ûС
ļأƶ뵽ִ͵͵ߵģ⼸Ŷؼң
̫̫ôȥĶƶش¥ֻЬţ̹еʡ
ƶһ飬ûлش
Ҫȥִ˾ʸ

 28 

߽˾һ¥, ƶûг˽˵ݵȨޣֻͨԱȥŴ򿪣Ůס
ȵ, һ¡ְҵװŮ
¥㰴ߣŮ, Ȼ΢Цͬؽһ̫á
ƶûش, ǳһЦ
ݵ, ƶ仹Ҫһ¥ŵִİ칫ңǹŵģֱƿ߽ȥ, ӭײϽִ, ڰ칫ǰ, ַ
ҵ֪ͨ黹ҡƶվڰ칫棬䵭
ִҲ, һǷ֪ͨ飬𣿡
ƶ۾һ, ֹȥһ, ִ̧, ƶûõ
˻𣿡ִʡ
ѽ
ִ, ȻЦƭҡӳó¼, ˵ЩﲥŸ
Ұִ, һֻһ 
Ҫһ벻
úðִ, ҷġ
΢죬أƭңһһΣ
˵꣬¼ﴫεεĴϢߺ, ԼģнִصĺԼһһ˵硣
ѪӿƶС̣һ㣬գߵִǰ¼۳롣
û뵽齭ִҪ¼
ִŸӲһ˫ɺ۶ƶ䣬һ˿֪˾Ͳˡ
ԣҲ뿪ҡ˵ţǽڷֽ֪ͨ˺롣
ƶֹѾˣִվֽм߸ɢڿСǻһ˿óѵЦ
£߲ˡ
ִƶۿ죬£̧һƴڽִϣĺҺ㣡
жģһҲִۣͷ˶գ˿һĨаЦ
ûϵֻҪ߾ͺá
Σƶ˵䣬ܳȥ
ִ漴ϡ¥ڣƶ߽ȥִ¥Ӱ¹ż漴ݻ¡
µˮرĶ࣬ʱעƶ䱼Уˮˮһˢûеطȥһֱܣһֱܡ
ִôȻ˺֪ͨ飬ǿ롣
֮ǰ뿪ĻΣڣֻߣԶҪҵ
һ˵ռôôǿ̬
ƶ䲻ܳܡ
Ǹ¼ƶһ󷴸С
֪˶ãͣˡƶҲѣȥĹԢѾ˯ˣ¥ţֻʪ͸ƶվſڡ
䣬ôˣԾۣ
Ԣļͬѧȥȥˣһڼҡƶ۾ֺףҲﲻ֣׸ɾ˯£ָźˮ䣬ȥݸ裬ðˡ
ʮңƶϴó
ƶȫ¼ʵ飬𾪲ѣǶమѽ
֪ңԼеϣҲ֪ƶʵؿҾǾۣ
Ҳܳܡ
ͻôСʮִ꣬ĸƫȫһܽܣǺ£ҽܡ
ֻӡ
Ҳ֪ôοĵҲΪƶͽִԸ񲻺ʣ֪ͨ鶼˺ˣҪô죿
Ҳ֪
ʱܽڵĵ绰ƶԼҪܽڵһƬ⣬ųòҽӣ𣬴ᡣ
䣬֪ͨ鲻ҲûϵҸ䷢һݵӰģҲáѧУҴ绰ܽ˵
áллܽڡƶƽҶϵ绰
˱ˣ鲻켸ķɻȥ
ʮ㡣
ţ㿴۾ˣ˯ɡĨᡣ
ƶ˯һŴԴεģ²һͻ˯ֻڴͷϳ磬
Ҳ˯Ժƶ䣺䣬绰
ƶۣùҪӣɿǽִģܽӡʮӲִĵ绰ִƶֹҶϡ
Σƶ䲻ʤ䷳ֱӰֻػ
ߣҲټ
ڶ죬ƶĸ𣬻ƶŮҲܽæûʦĸȴˡ
ʱ䵽ˣƶǰȥ졣
ƶ䡣ƶ䡣ӵȺУһеغ
ƶƶ䣬ƶ䡣˲ڴﺰ
ƶͷǶӡ
Ҳ첽ܹڵģִ㲻Ҫˣôôģ
Һ֮飬ûϵѾֻ꣬ʣһ
ƶתȴһֻק
ô绰ΪʲôӣӼۿ죬߰˶ȵ֪֪
ƶһ˲סԴֱ죬ŵĵǻƵϡ
ô᣿ƶ䲻š
һЦǰǲȰ뿪㲻ϣȻ߽ģΪʲôҪܣ
Ầ֪֪
ҡҲ롭ƶ֧֧ģ෺⡣
ˣҪҪȥʡ
ƶûԥ첽ŶӸҽԺƶûֱӽվſ͵ִڲϣɫףˮϴ
ΣͻȻˡ
زߣԺǻߵģʹʹƶݺҧ´ҧѪһᣬתߡ
ִ۱㿴һĨϸӰӰԽԽԶʹε˵Ҳ˫ȵʹһе׷ȥ
˽ҽԺһ㶼ûˣտյ
̡ԼŲ
ƶ䲻ͷ̧ĨĨˮӿŲ
ͻȻˤԼִʹĵƶͣ£ȴûתת¿ִģ᲻ߡ
̣ǶѾˣߡִɤǲġ
ҲںƶſǻڶʲôˣҶǳˣԸҲ㣬㸺𡣡
ûֻнִʹĴϢ
ǴϢԽԽˤˣڵϳƶһͣңɽͬǦ߲
վԭأ彩ֱ
ﲻãˣҸвУԽһҪϵ㣬Ҫ뿪ҡ
ִ磬ƶһһ飬ͷ뱧չ
úð
Ĳġ
ִˡ
ƶˣûһ˿ԥ˵ƽĮ
ִǰıӰģԭվͻȻ£˫ϥعڵϡ
̣ߣ㡣
ûлӦֻԽԽԶĽŲִֻľ˫ȷسǰƶ
ǵͽְڳģϴɾһŰ׾۵ССͲ֪ߣ⧲һڣԺҪ޸͵Ǳ
ʱûϣֻСܿɰ
һ۾ϳɿɿɰദУ죬۶ģռŵĺ
ӵ̰ģҪһֱԼĥҪһмᶨƵİԼ
ٺҪΪУֻ
ڣˣҪˡ
ΨһһϨˣִһʹľ׹Ԩ
Ӹֻһ·ѪĿģȾͷִſڵϡ

 29 

Сȡ˴ĳɾ, 츳ǲǱְҵ΢Цƶ䡣
ǰŮʮ, ѧڼƽ˾ѧϵ⺣֮գѧϰ, ǳ, ֻǳǳĵױ, Ŀݣ㹻ۡ
ƶ΢΢ЦţǫҫŶӵġ
˵һרҵ, ˻һת, СôƯ, ѧʱѾܶ׷ɡ
ҲǽĿ鰲źõģƯвŵŮӵ˽ܵ˹ע
šƶ䲻ϡ
СӦ̸ܶ
һΡƶֱԡ
üͷ΢, ƺһβ̫ϣһر㣬Сϲˡ˶, ʣأС𣿡
ƶȻʧ, ϵЦ˼, ҡҡͷͲˡ
ǿϧ΢΢ź, Ѹ׽ƶϵ, ˵лĻ, СԸһ𣿾֮ⷽգƶᡣ
ƶûлش
˺, Ӧûлˡ
ֱ¼꣬ƶȼѵſڣݹһƿˮ, ƶӹźڣɬ
ôˣ˳𣿡ȼѿı飬Щǡ
ƶҡͷ˳һжܺá
ҿǺܿģǲ̫ѣ֮ǰԺõĲϣ
ûУֻĩβ˽ѡ
ȼƶعʱƶ˽˽⣬ҲʣһСֻҪñְͺˡ
ƶһ꣬ʮΪǹƶж䡣
䣬и磬ʱ뿪ʼȥѡ
ƶ鲻ãҲȥ
СϢ˵м̨Ƭ˶ȥ㲻ȱǮҪӽĿǿһԵġȼȰ
ôƯŮѧҵ賴֪Ҫأʱ˫գ
ƶ׷󣬵ȷʵҪһǮùסԺҪܴһѡùúôܲܡ
ʱ仹磬ƶҪԼϢһ£ĵҴ绰ɣȥ
ȼѣá
ҪؾƵ𣿡
ƶ䣺ãԼ򳵻ȥ
صƵѾʮ㣬ƶ䲻Զֻϴú˯غˣûкúϢ
ˮ˵ʻлᣬԸԸһΣǰʮ꣬ƫִĸŵܣҽԺŵͷһ۵ûС
˵ϲҲ
ˮ뵣ƶ̧дһ˵֣Ĭǧǧ֡
һ˯ĵ㣬ȼѵĵ绰׼ʱֻǰǸֻĶλϵͳšƶȥڶ·ֵģûйأǸûٳ֡
ȼ׼ͣСˣζƶûԼھͷꡣ
䣬һЩɣ϶
ƶ䣺ٶҾʹˡ
ȼѣðɡ
ƶ任ʱȼѲ֪ƶжã˶жȣ̵̣ͦͦϼְۡƫƫֲֲ̬ǹǼС⡣
ǿݵģġ
ͻױʱգῪʼʱϵ᳡
ƹ컣ƶһϮɫĨβ毺õչ¶ɣǰ¶Ǻͼ򣬺󱳴ƬιҲ棬׵¹⣬ͷ͵ɵǼ弫ױݣü۾£Ůס
һ볡˵Ŀ⡣
⽻ƶվȺ̸Ц̣ǳǳһһЦ
öһһ˵սĿ¼ʱΪңƬʮ
ùõѺͺڷöˡ
ʦ졣ƶЦеĸơ
ʮͣһװģŴݣƶ䣬͸ͣã졣
ƶСٳʦƬ΢΢ɿųʦһݽĿ¼Ƶʱ
лл
ȼһֱվƶԣʱ˸Ĵָ壺ǰǸĵݣ䣬ҪҪȦѽ
ƶ䣺Ҫ
һ춼ûкúóԶˣƶЩߵСԡȼѿģ֮ǰҲƶ˵ãһմƾҪ
䣬ƸҰɡȼùƶġ
šƶ
װһƶ¶̨ȥﰲܶ࣬µķϰϰ£ССڵĳԡ
ȼԱҪһ֭˹䣬ţȥһϴּ䡣
á
ĿȼѵıӰʱƶ۽ǵƳһĨӰݿȺзۡʱںͱ˵վһɫŮˡ
ô
ƶ۾ĿĨϤӰϣߡ
С㣬Ҫһ𣿡֪ðһˣǰ˵ŻͰĵݸƶ䡣
Ҳȣллƶƹˡ
˱ܾ鲻ˬȥƶƶ˦ľҺ˲ֱϣҲմʪˡ
˼С㣬ҸóƶϵЦָƶϸʪ
ƶ˿һһĳãݺһۣ첽߿
˿ǰµıӰŤһ
һСԭվ˲ˣɫŮ˻ڣƶʣʣղλأ
ŮüһЦ˫ֱۿʼϸϸƶ䣬ͷһҲûŹóۣ崿Ưܲ
ҽŮ˲٣ɣƯһŮᣬϵЦŨߣ׷ȥӦûü
ƶ䲻ȥϸŮ˻˼ȹܡһţĨӰǰ治ԶһǰĿͦ߸ЬǺܸߣǳѵš
ۿϳż˾ϡ
ƶһֻϸֱ۵ڳǰܵüϺȾƵԭһС˵ģԲĹĵظ΢΢
ִֻϸС΢Ϣ
ǰЩüһ˫䣬ͦ촽Ƿ̣Ӣ
ôһ˫峺
˶ϣƣ̬ͻȻߵΣɤ
ƶóݽҧ´ԥƬ̧ȥ
𣿡
һ˫СŰ۵ı¶ڿУֺͷ΢΢졣ƶæùЬӴãִ̧ҡҡͷۡ
ôԶе顣˵
Ҹࣿ
ƶ㵣ΪԼˣԼʲôʱģһ
ڣְʲô

 30 

, ˫䱦һǹ˫ţ̵Ϣһһĥܵ顣
ź, Ŵ̾ıԺ, ƶСһ, շ˵Ĺ, ӵţģˡ
ִ߿Ц, ʲôˣ
ûƶϣûС
ԼϯŮ˺ܶࡣִüβ΢, Ц⽥Ũ, ųŪҶ㣬Ȥ
ƶס, ԲЩãȻؿ
ִЦ⣬, һ˫۾ҲĮȥɡ
ҡƶ仹˵ʲô, ˲䱻̵һ, ҧҧ³, ȼһ, žȥ
ִ˳, ƶĬĬ³Լƺš
һ죬ǽִڳǰ̵ġ
ִ硣ƶվԭ, 촽ضһ
ԭİ𣬡ð졣
ƶٿرץסһ±קŨصľŻǰ˾֮ǰڻ᳡ɧλ
ƶʹԼ, ÷ʹҲüͷͳ
ǰװëߡ˿һ۳ȥķ˫ɺ죬ԽôϽܵĴ
쵰åƶ̧һְֻ֣˵ͷ
һְڵϣܿ㣬³ɣҿϣߣǮ㿪
ƶ߸Ь˵Ľš
˻˳ʹƺݺݵҪƲԳԷƣ˭֪ϲ޵ģ崿ҵģ
룬ߣ
˵ĳͣǰ·ߣקƶߡ˺üıЩκôһƶԴԺ
ۿҪקϳһֻһѽƵڵء
ߡ
ƶͷһǶӣͨڶߵǰһ㣬óִֻ绰ִ磬ҵˣĶ
绰Ǳȴ˵Ѿˡ
Ҷϵ绰ӵԹĪת̽⿴ƶ䣺ˣ
ƶͷš
ʱȼɫżشӻ᳡߳ƶСܹ䣬ôþãôҲӵ绰
ƶóֻСĹ˾ûǸ
û¶ҵͺˡȼѿӣǰĸߴͦΣпɵĻ·ϻһıǻ࣬һͲˡ
һСƶ䣺۸ˣ
һ۾ƶ䣺۸Цһ͵۸Ҵ磡
ȼѲ⡣
ƶȼǳǳһЦתۿӣʱ𣿡
ӣС
ȵȥ·㣬лҪ˵
ãҲл˵
ƶȼ᳡ߣҵ任
ȼѻǲģ䣬һͲǺˣȥ
ƶ䣺ѽ㣬ҲǻˣղŻҽΧءģ¶ġ
ðɡ
ƶ任һɫ£һ߷ţп㣬СЬβ߸ţͨװ磬ǰһϵ崿鶯ֻСȥԽ
·һҿȹݣλá
ʲôһΣֱԲ䣬ֱֱضƶ䡣
ƶͣҲû뵽һˡ
ǰ㣬䵭ͲӦû
һзǳҪ顣ùںסԺִ⣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪ׷ȥֻڼһ̣ƺͲʹ
ҹʲôҪ飬Ͻߣ
ڻߡƶǿ
Цͷá͵ؽһȹȥƲסվ֪֪ôģҪǲǣ
ҪǰŸǲǣ
һ𣬿ȹ˵Ŀⶼƶͷ͵͵ţµСӡҲоĿ⣬£һڲͷ˵Ͻ߰ɡ
˵꣬Ҫߡ
ȵȡƶס۽΢΢죺ܸ귢Щʲô𣿹ġ
ܣ
һں󣬹ùó֢໤ңƶҽԺ
øǵ˹ҽԺרչ˹ùãƶڲǰŹùõ֣ùñʹĥݵòӣһ԰׺Ѫɫ۾ѪݣƲסصᡣ
ޡù÷̧֣Ҫᡣ
ƶùõַԼգǿԼЦݣãҲޡ
ùãһҪͦⲡûʲô˵ģҽ˵ֻҪȬ㲻Ҫ롣
á
Ŵ򿪣ǹøͻƶӹøϢһɣιùóԡ
øûûҹҽԺչһ£ҲһȦɼƣ˿Ŵƶһһ׵ι
ԹƶùҴñǣúϢ
˯ź󣬹øƶ⣬ᣬ̧־ҪԼһƣƶæֹ
ûãЩҲûʲôǮùõѻҪġø
ƶ䰲οùùøô꣬Ӧõġ
øİɣǮһãͺúչ˺ùùþС
ã˶䡣
Ҳࡣ
ƶڹһʮĽ𣬿ǱǮ֪ʲôʱܵˣʦѾǩ˺ͬһʮԤǮ˹ùþͿ
磬ƶҽԺؾƵꡣ
ݵʱ飬ûаťĻʿŻʿһ˰¥
¥ֻһˡ
͸˺ǽүү
һǰӶ˵ĻڶҲٺͽִʲôϸתߣֻ
վſԥð죬ڹ̧š

ƶ俪Žȥүүһ㶣üۣϸ˺þöȷǶ䣿
ţүүƶ䣬䡣ƶվڲǰ
үү¶Ц⣬ֱϻˮ̧̧Ǳеӣ
šƶͷϹӣһ
ǰСüԽľ£׷촽ǰӵƯүүӹƶõӣ䣬˰ɣ
ƶͷʣүүʲô
һëûʲô󰭡үүЦЦֵһᡣ
ƶ俴鿪ʣҲǳǳЦүүƶΪʲôҽԺƶû˵ùסԺ飬ֻ˵һðΣһע˵ݲġ
ѵĻ˵꣬ƶҪߣүүúϢףտճԺ
䣬ˣСִû
ƶ£һǰһΡ
үү̾üͷ΢΢𣬡үү֪ǸúӣΪ˲õ飬Ը񲻺ãƢҲá
ŵ˰ɣСִ˵Բ𡣡үүǸ⡣
䣬Ҫ֪һ˵ıǺѸıģ˼ͷ˼꣬үүȰһ䣬ԶȥմȾ
һ˹¶ϰɡ
ƶĺݺݾţɬ̸µŮѣԺҲԽɼңСϺܺõġ
ô¶أ
үүһЦ㲻˽
Сʱ׳죬ĸ׵֢Ż֢ĸףСС͵Ů˵ĴݲУ;˫ĥŮ˻Ҫһ¥ǰصԺ׳бѪıڽݷš
ԸҲֻɵģĸףĸĹһζûȥסʲôûȴҪЩҵϣûйϵ䣬𣿡
ƶ仹ǵһִСʱ飬̵֪ۿྷһķ
ԭôңǰ˺
񣬶ȰߣүүҲȰҪٺͽִ
ƶʧһشӲһ˱˺ģǽִӦúܺɡ
תǣƶײһ͸Ļͷʹ˻һ̧һǽִ
ﻹỨһĨЦ⣬۾һˮ͵˳Ľëմʪһ㣬޷
ִ硣ʶ
ִһһק¥ݼ䡣󱳵ϱǽڣιǿۣ˽һֻ־Ͱ˫ͷ
ƶ۵ֱҧ
ôǰûڻ
߻谵ƶ俴彭ִʱ˿̵飬ֻɤͳ䣬ųŪͷ̡


 31 

ǵġƶСС˵, һ˫С¹ۻ̻̿Žִ谵е΢΢ûġ
Ŀ, Цһ
ţϢ, Ϣ, ˵ıǼ޵ĲǼ, ƶƲסӿ죬ҡ
һų, ķӦʵ
ִҲоķӦ, , һִֻ°̽ȥݺϸ, ɤͳòã
־ĴһƶֹסĲһ, ִȵϢڶ, ơ
ƶһ, ۡ
òãִſͷ, ƿסԼǰ
ƶ, ȴһʹ, ̱ִصģ, Ҳ䣺Ҳ𣿡
˵ţִһƿƶһ˫Сʶץס½ǣ̧Ŵû, ûС
ִÿ֣˺һƶʧȥ֧ţˮһ˳ǽ»ؿڽ䡣
ؿţ촽΢ССڵشһ̵ʹ
ִӸµվǰĬšһƶŻվ·תҪߡ
ٿأֱִק˻ײ
һҧ㡣ҧгݵڶ
ƶ˿һЩһۿޱȵίղǹⶺ֪ҡ
֪ңԲ𡣡Ⱦ˿ǻģҶ¶뿪ˣټһ̲ס
ҲԣԲ𡣡
ֻںǴµʱ䣬Ժ㣬һԶԶģҡ
ͷһ߳ҭҭĿޣһĨᣬƺǹ˺þúþãͷáȻĽŲԽԽԶ
ƶûлȥݣߵ¥ݡֻа¥ߣȴԶ߲ƵģҲ֪ߵڼ¥˫ֱϥ޳
һִ֪ͯ꾭Щ飬һ
һжˡ
ԭǸĿṩľƵѾڣƶʰ绰Ѿҵһҹ˾ʵϰӵƶ绰ʱ°ࡣ
ʲôˣһš㲻ƭҵİɣƭ˿ɲ
ģһƶһ£ò˼
еطסûаңǰǸԢɡ
ţá
췢ʣϣҪƶȥһٺõġ˳Եǻƶ䲻̫ܳһԧ
֪ƶ˽ǲ֪غǽ̨ܵĲɷãֻĻƶݲȵĺ˶ԴɣŽޱȵ顣һ߽Ųˣһ߿ޣ 
Ƕ
ƶüǳԵĺзСˣһĲ˺ܷθڣԵĴá
㳢ģرóԡһˣǰζĺóԶˡ
ƶ俴ҲرóԵӣСסշŽζپͱʹٿͨ죬Ҳ̫ˡ
ƶģϽһ֡
ôô
ܳǽѽ
԰
˻죬һƶ䣺㶼ôˣǰδ𣿡
ƶϵЦ⽥ȥΡ
˵ˣ
˵ˡ
һŰԵͣ
ҡƶʵش
䣬Ҹ㰡ģƶչ㲻֪꣬ǰδЩʲô°ɣ
ʲôƶܺ档
漫˶ѩңˣ裬ʲôΣʲôҪƵġ񻹵˲ٽءƲƲ죬ҾĶܵĴ̼
㲻˵Ը񼫶ԺԶ㣬ٸʲôϸ𣡡
šƶ䲻֪ʲôĵػش
ĹԢڻһķ䣬ƶѧļѧ˲ٵļҳˣ°Ȳסƶһڡ
ҿ̫ҸˡȲ³ԷԵرڣóԡ
ҭšƶ棬֮³˹ĺܶࡣ
ƶɵЦԺ˭ȢǶ䣬˱ĸ
䣬ʱ𣿡
ôˣ
ÿоر𲻽ûʲôĻһݷ˾¡˽ģڵĲкöſһرʺƶ䡣
ƶȻӦ
ڶ磬ƶ˾¥¡
绰˵ڿ߲ͬáӺһһĻϢӦҵ
ƶ䣿һзΣСܵǰ
šƶѷеݸòЦЦ鷳ˡ
û¶Сһ׮ԺҲЦȻûƭ˱ƬϻҪƯãҽԺ⡣
ƶ䡣
֪
ͷһĻ·һɫۼʻ˵ûʲô飬ֻĬĬһ̡֧
֮ĺü죬ƶ䶼ͷֻÿǽԺá
һһƶԺ΢š
磬ƶ䷢΢ԼɺȾơƶܾͲסĥӲݣֻʹӦ
ƶΪˣû뵽ԺҲڡ
ôڣƶС
ͬ£ûϵġ˵͵͵Ժ˸ɫ
ƶ֪ԼһֻԵصһܵ͵Ĺƣֺ滺ƶ˶
һָ꣬ƶһǹơ
Ժ⿴ƶպ˵ģеùƶľƱһˮ
ʲôѽҡƶֽùҪȡ
ԺֹŮӺȾƲá
ƶҲ֪ľǿԺ⣬һڽƺ¡һҪȣҵһҵġ
䡣üôƾˡ
ƶ۾ͻȻͺˣҭҭģûܣǲǺ˾Ͳˣ
ܵġԺ˵ȥ̨ƶŪһˮ
ҺϲЩô֪ǰôãӦúúöģҲӦ˺ƶſСϡҲӦ˺
Ȱһжȥˣ䣬ǰòã
²ֻһ˵ġ
ǲ̫ˣƶ̧һ˫ˮӯӯۿǲر𻵣
ûУûУǶõġѷˮŵƶǰɣЩ
ܡƶǿ
֪
ƶ乾๾ڣϢһȷʵ˲٣ȥһϴּ䡣
һ𣿡
áƶ
ƶߺԺ⣬ϲ䣿
Ժͷһμϲһ顣
Ƕˣô׷ģҪŬ
ʵҪһ׷ҵŮѣһޣһúöôƯŮӣôء
ƶϴּ·ȵʱһֱֻקһᣬŶһһƬУƵɳ
Уоƿ򿪵


 32 

Ϥ͸, ǽִ
ƶ˵Ҫģ˫ֳɳҪȴͻȻ㸲ѹסΧƾ, 򢱻ָס촽ſ, ıɸһھơ
Ҫ, ɽִƫƫ, 촽µý˫΢΢Դ
ҺƶǺһ, ˲
, ܡƿִ
ڰ, ִ䵭޵ĳ, ǺϲȾ𣿡ƿһ죺ҪҪٺһڣ
ƶ侪, ӳŲ, ƾֱܵſ, ſš
žһ, ˲
ִһֵ, Ӹµ, ϻɬѶƶ̧, 鷳һãѻҡ
ǿȹһҾƣͷε󱳿ǽǿվȡ
, ִЦѣ
ÿ춼Ǹͷ
Ӧûʲôϵɣƶ䷴ʣȻѾҪйϸȻҪ޷
ͷΣֱѽݺԼһ£סǹĪĳ嶯
Ȼûϵִ˵ţһ˿䡣תֺһھ
ƶʶƫͷ㿪ɺֱܿĴְûüӦִĴѾһھƽ˺
ǵĹƺȣ촽ûƬ̵ͣ
ƶһԣظ۾ỨӶǺˡ
뿴ܣŽִͨ죬ëϹˮ⣬ݽ´ҧʺѪ
ִΣԡ
ˣڿԷҳȥ𣿽
һڣҾͷȥ
ȻЦʼġƶһֱԼģҡҡͷٶֻ
ҾȥСˣ㶵ģ̬
㣿ִ̧֣Ĵָָƶ使۵Ĵ꣬ζţ
ƶ·飬ǿţС
ɾͳȥˡ
ãҲȥƶεҲ֧Ųס»ڵϣ۾ֻ˯
ִĬãϸ̣ʲôʱߣ
ƶ䱻ѣԺش𣺡Ŀ¼ߣ°ɡ
֪˭𣿡
֪ǽִ۾һЦЦЩɵ
ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ƶҡͷֵͷҧ촽ʵĿһŽ޵Сˮ٣촽Ҳҧˣ߳һѪ
һ۵ģ
ʲôִҧأüͻͻֱֹҧԼĨѪա
Ȼ۲ۣƶӣҭһʪۿŽִһ˫Сָϥǡ 
ۡ
ִСַԼλãҪ˵ʲôȴֹ
ٿأվ򿪷ţȥˡ
ƶڶѹֻʱѾˡʱ춯°

šƶ۾Ǳִڷôģǵýִھơ
ƶ䣬ÿƶ䱻קһ䣬Ҳ˾ǽִһֱſڵţǰСʱƶ仹ûʹ㱨ɼӵʱ佭ִͳˡ֮Ȼƶġ
ʵƶ˵꣬üͷ
Ժ⻹־˵Ҫ׷أȻû˾һʲ֪ϴְˡ
΢ŵ绰ˡƶֻ㿪΢ŷԺƶ䶼ˡ
˵ƭ˵Ĺ
ƶƾû꣬㶵ϴӦһɽִǰ͸ɹ飬½ӽкøеᱻִߡ
Ѿδ޵ĹϵѽƶҡҡͷԼˡ
ʱһζš
ʦĽĿ쿪ʼ¼ƣƶһϵ̨̨Ѿʼæµױģ͵ġ
ȼƶһױǰ£䣬ȥһױʦ
С㣿ͷԵ
ƶͷæ΢Цʦ
һܳԾı飬תѵ䣬ͷصǸ֮˿ƶ䣬ϽǸ⡣
ʦôˣƶ䲻ԡ
ЦЦС㣬ܣûǰ绰֪ͨ㡣
Ц˵ԲС㣬ҵҵ˶Ž˵ļαˣõһʱ֪ͨģԲ𡣡
ƶ仹̫ףļαң
ţǵġ˵
ôأʦ֮ǰ̸˵Ĳ𣿡ƶУǳҪһǮ
Ǹͣʵ˼Ҳû취
»ļαһŮˣʱѾױͣʦҺˡ
áһЦ
ŮǳǳЦţһ˫۾ƶ䣬תһ˲¶һ˿мѳɶ֣ƶ֪Լ˵ƺôûá
ȵȡҪ̨߳ſڣס
ʦ
öģǿƶ䵥һСһ䣺ǲǵʲôˣ
ûаƶü
Ҳģ˵һλս̨ͨ绰ʮӺ󻻼α֪ͨˡ
ս
ִ
ƶóֻ궼ûϵǸ룬ִ֪ûлֻһԡཱུ켸󣬵绰ͨ
ʲô£绰Ǳߣִ䵭ɤ
ƶֻϸָףĶкҪҪ㵱̸
ɣڹһܺ
ǰ
ཡ绰Ҷϡ
ƶִһãĵ绰ͨСֱִӲĵ绰ˡ΢ŸִϢüȥǰӦޡ
죬ϰ˵㣬ƶӵҽԺĵ绰˵ùڵ״̬ǳʺ׼
ãлл
Ҷϵ绰ִָȥ
˾ɣڰ칫ҵ㡣ִ˵
СʱƶϵϼŴ¥ǰ̨һְҵװŸ߸ЬЦеعӭСǰɣ롣
˽˵ǰǰ̨ˢ
칫ҵǿŵģƶ侶ֱ߽ȥսȥžңعص
ҪҶֻҪˣȷʵҪһǮҹùסԺǾǮƶ˵
վڰ칫ǰƽһ˫Сֽ߬š
ִתΣ˫ֽշϣɢ⣺ң
ƶҧҧǡ
˵̬ȣ
ƶ߬øЩ
ִһ˫ԽްʱأƶĿ͵һսͷܿ
һ룬ִָƶ°̧ͣͷԼӣǵõʱĳ𣿡ƵЦһŶͷûлأȻûһڵϵӡ
ִˣùòġƶţȾ˿ǻ۾һգ¹䡣
Ͳִһ˫͸ˣһ㺮˪
ƶ䲻֪ôͣúӿ죬һ˫ڽִüת˵ҵʱСҺú£ĺú£ԲźҪܣҪӣԲ𡣡
ԽԽףˮߵɬ̡˺㣬ҪôԣҹùãСˡ
Ҷ㲻𣿡ִ
á
ִ°͵Ժ󲻻ٶˡ
ƶ䣺֪֪ңҲҡҶ֪
޵ҭú΢һϲҪʹȥ۾ͨ죬ǼҲģ̱졣
ִſɣ˯ҳѡ
ƶһСϱ鸴ӣ㵳Ծ־߳ܣ裬ֺ̧ݺݵĨᣬתҪߡ
ҪǸߣұ֤ùʮ֮ͻᱻϳҽԺ
ƶһۣת
ԡִ
//ţ//׹///ӡ

 33 

ƶͣ, һҲǰߣΪִ֪óҲǸ¡, ӰԴϥ˫ֱȡ
ССһ, ΢΢, ڿޡ
ִ߹ȥ, վǰٿŵ̡
Σƶ̧ͷ, üסĸɬ, Ƶʣ𣿡
۰Ͱ͵Žִ, ȵĳʪʪճţһʪС
һϿɲֵʮ򡣡ִЦЦ
ƶ޵ñͷӵĺ, °һְͷҧ´, Ҫã
ꡣִ˵, Ͽʼ
ƶһ, ЭӦ
ٳ칫ǰ, ʣԽ𣿡
ִѾ»صڰ칫, ָתĸֱٿͣ, ߺҲûлعԽ
, Խɤ
õĽ°֮ǰһȥġƶע⵽ָһ٣ûж롣
ӽϼųƶǻعԢʰԼ, ȥԽ·Ϣ˵ԼȥҽԺˣչ˹ùá
֮»صط
ָûָһϷűˡĳһҲû䣬¥֮ǰԼסǼ䷿䡣
ķ䣬ִķ䣬ҲʱһӦǸһʱɨȴûסĺۼ
ʱ·ͣûʱš
ں棬ƶ򿪴ͷĳ룬öָķһᣬһͽȻ䣬ġ
磬ƶȥҽԺ
ϹùƳʿü۴Ц߹˵ܳɹǲõġ
ø˵ۿ죬Ứӣлллл
ƶҲʿлȻŹùõùû˯ûѣƶǩպˮøѵ촽ʪëֲ
ʱһҽʮӣԱߵĻʿ˵ĳɹλҽǲ˵ҽʦ
ƶüͷ΢壬ǵùùõҽǰѽ
øŵӢֱҽл
ҽһȻȥˣʱ˵ҪϵӵķɻҽԺкü
ǻʿ֮ǰǵ̬Ȳ䲻ȣ࣬ҽڿƵרңǻǮģйϵ
ƶ䲻ԣֻøԵӦԼͳȥˡ
ʿߺƶʣøô°ù֮ǰҽʦλѽ
ø˵һǰִһжŵġ
ִƶһԾ۾Բˡ
ţûǽִøȷ̾˵䣬ζ˽ִ鶼Ѿǣһõˡ
죬Щȥллɡ
ƶЦЦá
ղŻʿ˵ҽɲǻǮģִΪ˱ѪǴĻǰ
һȥȥҽ
Ƿ˺Բôúš
һµĳҽԺչ˹ùãӵģ˵飬ƶ䵽һߣ䣬˵ִǲǶ㻹δˣ
ƶҡͷޱȷġһأ
ȥ˯˵Ҫôĥأ
͸
˼һҾòǡҪĺ㻹ʱǮȥҽ
ƶҲúϸ˵Ϊ˹ùõѾĵˣΪԼ鵣ġ
ǰɡǳǳһЦӰ֡
ǵ˵ͽִֿΪԸ񲻺ϣǶ䰡ԿִһܺõˣԸǿĥϵģҲǿģ㻹˼Ҳ̫ţһΡȰ
ԸǿĥϺģڽִѾҲûлᡣ
㣬֪ˡƶùӦÿˣȥɣҵ̨Ǳ߻һЩβûãҪȥһˡ
ţ㣬עⰲȫ
ţá
үү¥ϣƶҪȥԥһǷһ¥סԺ¥һ۾Ϳͣ·ߵļӳ˹˹ǽִĳ
˾ӳһˣƶЩӡ󣬺ǽִһ
־СܵƶǰС㣬¥ϣԵȡ˵ֱ꣬쿪һơ
ƶǰߣ־ܵ򿪺š
ռ伫󣬺ǰʻõ˽ҲáִӦ¥Ͽүүɣ֮ǰүү˵ԼëˣҲ֪ʲôںõô
үүһܺõˣͰףƶܵġ
һСʱ󣬽ִ򿪳һŹϣƶ˯оѣһûϢãùɹ˲˯ˡ
۾ǽִ̱ýŲӳŲֱŲţһ˫Сֽ½ǡ
ִһ˫ǽڷֽϥǰ΢΢ǰ㣬һۣǼҵԴģ
ҡƶһ˫۾ãȻ޴룺û
ǰôģССʣм̽
Ƕִ󿿣˫̧ںףɤ˼֣⳵ǻϡ
ƶˣͶͱ
˵꣬Ӧǻ˵İɣϾҪǰִ֪ܷݣҪæһϺüΡ
ǵ֮ǰɫŮ˵ϲ޵ġ
䣬ƶһִϡţ߳ܵơļؼӿ죬Ҳ̣͸ˣƶŲҪȥ
ֱִսһ˫Ⱦ˼ɫؿߵƣǻԼ𣿡
ƶѾо˲ߺһС£Ѹٶִؿڡ
ҲᡣҧúϸС
ִЦƫͷ̵Ϣӡƶϣҽ㣬òã
һ˫ֽսս
ƶ̣ˣҲˡ
ÿҧһ£ƲסĲļŷ
ǰڣ޷
ȴӲ:˶ˣҲ㡭
´δȹӡִϢƵֳֵţ
ƶߺһ˫СץŽִ½ǣշӣҺ죬һСǺ١
ִһ˫ʪֱֱۣĿŽִ
иˣִٺ촽ҧһڣǼűǼ
ߣǸͦıǣĴ˿Ϊ飬˿ͷ֣бĺ
ƶ񱻹ƻŴŴִ硣
ܣ
šƶ˫Ͻִ°΢΢Ҫ
һ룬ִԥؽƶƵһߣеһ˲ջأƸղʲôûзһʪֽȡһ˹Ĳ֡
ƶȫˣ󱳵С¿Ҳ⿪ûӦɳССڵشϳһƬ̬Ũ
ִ¹ڳһ߿ɢЦ⡣
ʱʻԽ⣬ˡǰѵִ򿪳̧³˳ֽŹϣȻͷҲصߡ
־ִֻ³ֻõƶ³Ÿ³
ʮӺƶ³»е㷢顣еԼÿֻҪִ΢һòһҲ
ͿƲס
ղҲ̫ˣ
ԸղŽִǹģ⿴ܣ
շ磬ȴĳ硣
԰ĥĥð죬ƶŽšִѾϴˣżҾӷɳϿԴ
ȥҶˡ
ƶ䣺Ҳ̫ᡣ
ִüͻᣬͲˣ
˵̫ᣬֻ򵥵Ĳ˵˼ܻ̫óԡƶ͡
ûϵóԵ
ȵȣﲻԣƶ䷴ʣô֪Ҹ


 34 

˺þ, ִƶ䲻ʡ
м򵥵ʳģ, , , С, ⣬콷ƶɴ򵥵ĵɣɢͻȻ뵽ǰִԵʱķӦ
ˡ
֮ǰ, Ӧúͽִĸй, Ṵ, ʹļ䡣
ʳһһóƶ俪ʼ
Сʱ, ﴫȷȲ˵ζִ߹ȥ, ϰõĲ, ཷ˿, ˿, С, ƶϵΧȹ, Ѽ
ı̻
ƶ䱳ͷ͵͵ǳɫ, ſɵ֯ë£¶һػļ羱ߣ΢΢̧ŷϣ°ǣȥԿϸ֫, 滹ĺӡǳɫţп㣬߾ԡ
ִǰſֱ۴Ӻӵסƶ䣬ԴĲһڣɤЩ㰡
еζ
ƶһ˲´ӿ졣ȵĺƵ̣Щ΢΢ƫͷ
ȻѼֵġ
ţҺúó˵ţִſ̲ס˱ҧһڡ
ƶֹסزһ£Сյù̡
ִڲǰƶʢһİ׷ݹȥֻӳڱõģԵü㡣
𣿡ƶǳǳЦš
պϡ
պϻԵô㣬ƶĬĬ²ۡ
ʱϵֻˣǶʾƶ쿴ǹоС鷢ģ˵ǱʮĽ¸³ˣƶ䷢пŹȥ
ƶﻶϲ۾Цȥɳðҵп뿨š
ŪŻȥԷ
ʲôôģִ
ƶ̧һЦСŬţҲ㡣
ǮˣͿԻִٵˣҲūˡ
òҪʲôңִɫĿ䣬򡭡ͻȻʶʲôտӵ˵ȥ
Եһ룬ִһ绰Ȼͳȥˡ
ȥĶƶ׷ȥʡ
ִͷƳһۣû˵
ƶ㬵ػصλϡѽʲôȥأʰ¥ϴȻڴϡ
ǰסǼ䷿䡣
ͷƹºͣƶСóöɵĽָָϴһ£ԼŴڲϡ
ҹˮ˯ȥ
ִһҹûлƶҪϢʣǷˡû£ȥҽԺùûָòҲܺá
͹øҲڣһ˵˵ЦЦʱúܿ졣
˿ʱ䣬ѾӣƶǳҽԺݣƶ䰴¥ţԱߵһʿ¥¥ĵŴ򿪵һ˲䣬һϤӰ
Ƽ̣ȻīͿ֣ƶ仹һ۾ϳ
ۿžҪϣƼƶ亰ȥݼջһֱֱϡ
ʱֻǽִ
Ķ绰һߴ䵭ɤ
ҽԺùãղҺ񿴵Ƽˡƶ˵üʣ㵽Ͼͻ
š
ƶ𼱻ǵĻصԽûˡ
ƭӣС졣
ǰִģʱҵʱ˵ʱص㣬ֻҪһͷܿ
˵ٶˡ
ģĲٶá
ߵ㣬ڵķãƶƬִȥȻɳһ߿ӣһߵȽִ
ӽĿһһʱ䣬ѾʮһˣִûлûлϢ
ʮ㣬ƶѷ˵Ͱˣ
Ѿһ㣬ƶڴϷȥ˯š
Ŵҹɫ౯˵ĪϮֱƶûǰҽԺһ졣
ͻȻе͸ͷֹס⣬ɬôҲֹסһһ·ۡ
¾ƽѣкöصľƣƣƣƣ׾ƣƶ䲻ϲȾֺԶԾûоžƹϳžƿȡһƿס
ӰһƬȻָԼƣһСڣе𣬿ڸлܺá
˾Ͳǰ飬ܺúõ˯һˡ
ţһڽһڵĺȣһһ
ƶԺɳϣĸ߽űڵ̺ϣƿﻹʣһСƣббĵڵϣҺʡ
Ӱûз꣬谵Ĺһ㱡
ŲƶĵػͷȥѾǰͦεѹȸС
ִ硣ૣһ˫м⡣
ĹУִǱʲôʹһĮٿҲ
ôСüβ΢˵аָƶ°͡סˣ
ƶգգۣŴŴؽһִ硣
ôôװ̧ȥ΢üҪòã


 35 

Ӱ, ŵĻֳ׹⣬ƶһŽС˲ʱյѩ͸շź˵ķ, ĴϻմžҺʪ١
ִÿ޹ǵС, ˳Ա, ƶСɵİŵԼá
ŵˣɫ䵭, żڽ
ƶĵͷ
ԡֻһɫСһ̵ܶĶ̿, ϸĳɢһ, Ϣֱ֧, سִ
Ϥ뻳ִһ¶, 鲻Խ£˫۱
ԺңҺòãƶۿ΢, һؿ, Ⱦ˼ֿǻǰǱܵ, е㺦㡣
˵, ˮֹ, ۾ϴӵ峺һƬ, ˳Ⱦ
ִЦһ£̻ƶ使εĺ촽, £ٿͷݺ˱ס
ƶΪҪļһӷ鷢СֲԾ, 㴽ſԸоִһºʹд
ִҧ죬ǳ
ƶۡ
ִţȣԵĳͷ
ƶֻ۵ֱһ˫۾ŽִҧԼԼУ΢΢üޱ̡
ʹģƶ°ͣС̽
һ룬ִ͵ƿƶ䣬ͷɫ
ңȴҪҧҡƶòᣬ޵Сϴִֵ̧۵Ĳеͣ챧Թҧˡ
ִ䷢ЦͷһҧСɱǼ
ƶʹٰˣ񶼱þˡ
ڻ𣿡ִ
ţƶͷҡͷ֪ͷΡ
Ҫܣ
ƶ䲻֪ôشˣͷ۵üͷţҲ֪Һܡ
ִ磬˯ˣ㱧һȥ˯ɡ˫ֻסֳȥ
һ֪ӡ
ִƿˡ
谵ӰУ˵ıӰƶţƺ˲ȫѣ׷ȥɽ°ƿڵ̺ϡ
춯ִͣƬ̺תϵߡ
ԡҼһϣƶ䱻ӽԡִվŸˮʼˮǱģƶֱ
ִӸµȻ·ƶ仹Ǳòڣԡˮ±ȣߡ
Ϊˮԭ򣬼ϵƹƶ𪲱ϵ¶öָӰ֡
ִǰȥá
ʲôƶˡ
ִһѽקöָٿرɤҲɭ䡣
ʲô˼ȡʲô
ûСƶ
ãȡ
ƶҡͷȡ
ִûʲôģֹȥֱӽˡöָԽĽҧһߣ㲻ǰЩСϷ
ƶ䣬ҵɵӣͬĿҲΡ
˵ţԥؽָӴӳȥ
ƶѸٴˮվܵߣһƬڣʲôҲţſܣ¥ȥҡ
ſڣִһס߬סһֽ
ϵĵ˯ȫʪ͸ˣˮǰԲͦĻҲɣִߣ³ӸһԼĳ¡
˯
ȽִȥԡҺƶſʼ·ڵϻһʪȷʵ
ˣͼţŲһôҲ򲻿
ִÿƶڿţʮַģϵԡϴƿɽȥƳһۣ
ƶԹȥСƿһߵıǣ¡
صơִԱߴ
Ŷƶֽͷƹϡ
ʱһƬڣþס
ƶ䰲ڱϣһ˫С߬½ǽֽʣֱ𽥴ִȵĺ΢΢ɿ
ڶ죬ƶѹִѾˡ
һ룬սůɫһأ˸ַͻȻòԣһ
û·СҲûˡ
ִŪģƶ䳢Ŷ˶ûа㲻Ӧûг۸Ҫ´Ŵ򿪣ִ߽Ьڵɳɳ졣
·һõװĵԽ忡ֻӴͷľóֱϣЩᡣ
ִߺƶȥҽԺùãԹ緹ͻ˱԰һȦҵ¥ԡµλá
СϸϸһûпָǰһŻԣû޼ֵǾޱҵĽţµůһƬɫĻǶʢż䣬ĵɢ㡣
᲻棿̧ͷĿһ£ָпܾͱӵһҵĻ
ţƶСǣһ̵̽
˻ѰУ֡
һ磬һ
룬ִһ۾Ϳ԰ƶ䣬Сڻǰ֪ʲô
ִ³־ܣǱ߸մ绰˵ͽѾץˡ
šִӦ
־뿪
ƶڵϣԼһ˫СѪ׵֣ץɸϾʹʹޱȡ
ִĽָӵȥѽҪȥҡ
ʲôִɤ
ƶæغãЩҵؿûѽ


 36 

ִһ, ȥҶˡ
ƶͷŶ
Щʵʳģִȥȡŵ, ƶվ󿴣ŽҪЩʲôˡ
ֺѽ
, ʲôѽƶСʡ
ִ˰ɡ
Ʒȫ, Ϻ߲ʲô, Ҳ࣬ƶﷸֹԵԥԥĿŽִ˵ǡ
Ϊ𣿡ִһƿȪˮ, , ת
û, ǡƶ֧֧ģе㲻, ɲԾͳԷѼ棿
ӯӯһЦ峺״, Ҳ𣺡Һþöû, ء
ԡִܾ
ðɡƶ, ȥñʳġ
΢һĵ, ϴҶʱ, ƶüҧǿ, ĻϺQһ£ʵ̲סһӵϺ, ˫ؿڳʹ
˻
ִûߣһֱڳſڣ״ǰƶһ˫С, ֻıѪ
µˣû뵽ôء
ƶ仹ڶ㣬˫ѸٱҧŴ
ִ˵߳˦ڿɳ
š䶪־ߡ
ƶҲҶԹԵĵƬ̺󣬽ִҩ
Ҫҩ
ִֻǰ£ҩ䣬ǩմ˾ƾǰһ˲ģһմʹƶ͵ջԼ֡
ۣҲĨˡ΢΢
ִһۣС峺ˮüͷ΢Ӳù
ƶʹҡͷִֵҲ
ִû취һקţǿӲظĨҩƶʹʼ
ִһ㽫߬סһۣûĵĵͺ𶯣
ƶҧҧˡ
ˣ۵ֱޣȴֻˮ䣬ҷ
ִĶ˵ᣬɴʱЩƶʵ̲סʹĳ֣ôҲ鲻̧һ˫ˮӯӯίίرԹִǲǣǲҺùۡ
ңھڱң
Խ˵Խ𾢶۾СһװͰ͵ġ
ԡһְֻãִǿӲһֻС֣䵭żϷʣҲʲôҩ˫־ͻ÷ϵ
ֲôۡƶ޵ø
꣬Сﻹڳؿޣִķҵģ̧ˮЩˡ
ƶ䱻Ǿ䲻ǺҩŵòᣬҪ¥ȥִƿһ㣬ɳϣֱӸˡ
ƶĲ˵ãȻԼִ΢΢ѩûУ
ˣˡƶʹˡ
֮ƶһֱɳţ޵ͣͷִڳæʮӺһ뷬Ѽ˵輸ϡ
˴л֭ŨܺóԵӡ
ִݸһѲӣԼܳԣ
ƶӹ̺ϣŲԣܳԡ
ֻһ룬ִԱ߿ֻ㲻𣿡ƶʡ

ƶˣջʱ㲻˵𣿡
ִƳһۣҪԾͿԣԾ͵ˣ
װƶͷڴڵĳԣζܺãҪóԵöࡣ̧ͷ͵͵ִû뵽
ܴһ룬ƶһСͱˡƳȥһ㣬ֽ죬ҳԱˡ
ִûĻصƶùĲӼڳʣµģְ֭꣬ϴ롣
һĻƶ䲢ûп
ȽִӳƶŸ¥
ϴҲһܴ⣬ùһòӳ滹УҪ·ϴͲˡ
һţִͰѷϣȻԼԡҡ
ʮӺ󣬽ִֻһ̿㣬ϰţϽʵļɼһӲɽˮ㣬һξӨˮ顣
ߴһ߿ƶ䡣
ƶ俴Щ񣬻عСٿط̣Ҳ̡سִ߹ȥվǰ
ˮźˡֳ̧˳½ǣҰѣ
мƶһССģԼԵġ
ãҿѡִüβааһŲζ
㡭ƶҪģȴֻǵһۡתԡߣһ룬ִЩֱ˽ִǽʵ˫һȦƶܲˡ
ʼ·
ƶգ
𶯣Ҳִ˵
ƶҧŴߵͨ죬ҪѪǣǰѵƹˡ
ִȥصơ
ûȫڣԡҵİ׹ƴӴ͸谵ģִӺӵƶһĶˡ
ֱ󣬽ִûûһ¡
ƶ߽ԡңȵˮ˶ܣ϶һɫԡ
Ӧǽִ׼ġ
һƶڴ߱ߣȽִ˯Ÿ˯
֪ʲôʱƶ¶ѷѵҪǸȵĻиǲ
ִΪˣһ˫ֱ۽ƶ繵øԴĺ󾱡
ƶԡͱˣ˼·ֻеĸܵĴڣ£ŲΡ
˵ִ꣬ûһμ
վΰ
ڣˣʵ
ۡƶ߽
ִüͷ΢ὫԼɤۣ
֡
ƶûѣʶꡣ
ִļһ鲻Խرƶ䣬ӦһֱڣȴֻǿƵüһǣҰ㣬ɵ¡
˵ţóͷµŴ¹⣬СĵظϣöָûӣԭĴϹƶǰ
û뵽ɵȥңҵһ˫ֶơϷƭˣվҲֹֻˡ
ҪִһһĸԼ

 37 

شӴս, ƶ䰲˯ϣѩ׵ļĵ͸ϸ΢ëԿ
ִҩ, վڴǰ
ƶתѣһ˫׵ֱ˸, ֹ̬ɡע⵽ǰվһ, þ, ֱҲر
ôûȥϰ̫ࣿˣʱ佭ִӦڹ˾Ŷԡ
ִû˵Ȼڴ, ָҡɤҲǵ, ûʲô
ƶһʱûзӦ, ֻãȻִ㶵ֱƿһ, ó
һ˲䣬ӱ¶ڿ, ִԾһƳ, ƶһСʱ, ֱִ߬ס, ֻѸӰԼס
˯ʱԡ, ԡأ
˴, ɫԡûڣƾʧһ, ʲôûС
ִϵɴʼҩ죬ϵ˺öˣҩҲ̫, ֻһ顣
ƶɽִҩʱϸϸССʵԡأ
ִ΢΢һü߿һߵĵذϣǺһ˿ǳЦ⣺̫ˣӵġ
ƶסʲô̫ˣ
ӣûа㲻ĸоѽƭˣ
ûƭ㡣ִ˵棬ƶһ˫ɫɤͶͱģ顣
ƶ֣÷̣ݽ´ҧţԲ۾Žִǲš
һǿģ
ִҩȥˣߵſֻعͷһ䣺ˮ
Ŷ
ִߺƶڱȦǲ֪˿˿ЦִǺõģղŸҩ棬ֲˣˣŻ˵ǲõҩֻõ
ƭӡССĹ档
һ뷬Ѽ棬ƶǵЦ𡣶϶ִû۸
˯ʮ룬ƶȥҽԺ
ùûָĺܺãҲһ׷һ뼦ҲЦеġ
ڽִùʮֵĸм
䰡ִǸĺӣΰҺܴæĴм˶٣ùò˵ҿ㻹û£ȥɡ
ƶסԽû͸һܵԺ˵ɡ
ʲôԺ󰡣ھͿȥùƶһۡ
ùúϢɣ˵ţƶ˰šΪ֪ȴǷȥ߶߶
Ի߰ɡ
ȵݵʱƶԥһ»ǰϼ
ȥүү
ţһŮ˵ıӰվڴͷڿҽϤƶϳƼ̡
ƼڵٿһӲɲ΢һ£æعϽŵɫһЦӯӯأǶѽ
ʲôƶ¶
ŶҿְֵôˡƼ̲˼ЦЦоҲû䣬㿴Ķ𣿡
ƶҡͷҲȥһʿɡ
Ƽɫһ˲Ļţ˲ˣ㽭үүճ緹ھ˯ûʲô󰭵ġ
ƶ߽һЩүӱ۾ȵغţɫ˯˵ӣԱߴͷϻʣµķк
֮˵һƶŴƼ̵Ŀе֪үүһ⣬Ƕëˡ
ִͺˣƼɻʡ
ƶʵʵ˵ûУѡ뿪ģԹҡ
ƼǳǳһЦ⼸Խִţƶߺ뿪˾ȥ漫˶кüΣǸ֡
ҲΪִ뿪˾ɷŮŰѹ˾үֻϧִûֻ߹˾ͷҲǸϲģ
òҵᣬѾͷˣ
ƼＵ޲ѣҧ޲ðݶҧһ˫Ҳ
ЩǲܿģЩҲرαװƼ̶ƶ䣬ŻްҲҪҪҰԽִģ
ͻȻһơ
ţƼ̣ʲô˼ѽƶ䲻ʡ
ûʲôƼƴݵЦþûлؽ˰ɣϹȥԷ
ˣҵ»顣ƶܾ
Ƽ۾һתѽҵҲ飬㽭үүǰ˵ҪһȥһЩġһҴء
Ҳû¶Ҷһ˾͵ʱˡ
Ƽô˵ţȴһΪѵӡƶ򴽣Ƽ̣Ұðɡ
̫л˶䡣лллл˵ţƼúðȥƶ֣߰ɣھͻؽݣҰѶʰ
á
Ƽ̵ĳͣҽԺ¥£ʻһ˾ӣӳЩࡣ
䣬߶Ƽڵظƶ俪š
ƶ䲻ע⣬ƼںӾﳯǰ˾˸۷磬ɫ}ˡ˾Ȼ΢΢ͷ


 38 

ԽǰԽԾ, ҲԽƫƧĦ¥ĸɭֱһƬߵĽ˷, ͰήĻĲݱõһߣһ·ɳʯԳ
Ƽ, ǲߴˣƶǵǰġ
ƼһЦ, αװú᣺, ·˺ܶģŪ, ĺˡ
˵, ƶ, ʾġ
ƶͷȴһֱûз·, ۾Ŵ⣬СֻֽýҪִϢ, һ±ߡ
Ƽ̡תƼ, ͽ־
ֻû, ʱ䡣
ʱ, ˾˵, ݺݵ, ˵ôϻʲôӿ·ߣ͵ɲӳ, Ƽ̴򿪳ţֻݸ
鲻ԣƶ³˾, ֻң
˾һЦֻ·ڴƼҲ˫ֱȭαװµΪ񶾶Ť
ִҵɷŮͽ˼ҪˣҲҪʧȥֿζ 
ҽԺҪŪүӵļƻҲƶˣǵù
˴ƫƧǰһűĵıδ󺺴ſڳ
ƶƼ̵Ļ龳תܡֻŮ˼𣺡ץסˡ
·᫣ɳʯģƶܳȥûԶͱϥǴţп㶼ĥˣϥҲ΢Ĳˡ
˼ס͵Ƽ̸ǰ
ʪĳƼ߽²£ִ᲻㡣
ִֻҪһһҪ
ֻҪ֮ǰĥĥźãԷйЩʱյʹࡣĥִĹؼƶ䡣
ģִҵġƶϡȻսִǺһ㣬ҲðΣ
Ƽ̣ҰɡΪ£ŮЩ΢΢峺űһˮ
ġƼޱȷţ㰮÷أ
ƶϣִ֤İԼɿƼ̼ӣֲϣִ
ϸ۲죬ˣĽ˶һӣִ϶򲻹Ǳ߽˵ķźüɫƤ䣬治֪ǲǲɱ
֮Σա
˼һƶ½ִƼ̽͵Ƽ֪ģ֮ǰķںģץûκ塣
û˵˲㡣Ƽһ̧֣һ˱ӹˡ
Ӧƶﺦɺܿ侲ûΪ֪Ҳã˵ᰤ
Ӻƶ䱻ϣһ޻һҲֻʵ
Ƽóƶֻ΢ţִƵཱུͨȻһֱ죬ֱԶҶǱҲûнӡٴβȥˡ
ιƼ̸ִ¼һƵȥʲôû˵ûеַҲҪǮҪִż
Ҫǽִô죿һʵ
Ƽʮŵػش𣺡ҡٴδ뽭ִĶԻ򣬻һ֣˷ͣҪǸұҾɱ
ܿ죬֮绰
ǽִģƼֻ̰Ļŵƶǰ
䣬𣿡Ƽ¶óѵЦִġ
ء
ƶȫûа취˵µСʱò԰ףüͷۿƼҪӵ绰ӽĦŵ淢̶졣
Ҫ绰ǱȴҶϡ
ƼٶȲȥֻͲﴫϤŮãĵ绰ѹػԺٲ
ִػˣƶһҲ¡
һҲںˣ˵Ҫ
Ƽ߲ѣһǺĿ⿴ƶ䣬ȫû뵽ִػǲζƶ䣿
²ˣִͲƶ䣿
ƶҪ˵޻ֻܷ峺ּᶨƼץûãִ
Ƽﲻ죬ּƶŪӷƣŭˣһ롣
ɫƤ䣬ȡͲһ͸Һȥʮ
֪ҺӸ첲ע룬һʹƶֻתȻʧȥʶ
¥£ֻڵˤ÷飬ִͶӴ֡
ǸŮ𣡡ӵڵϣϰһȭѪһһ̧ȥһΪŭͨ죺ֵһٵΪ
ִҲ˲ʣղˣֳװڵϣȻͷҲصǰߡ
״׷ϽִǰȥǱþ顣
ִȻһ̧ץס죬ָؽףüȫң
Ƽ̷Ϣִ˵ġ
ҡ 
˵ôͲңڽִ絶һʧˣδĽִֺ䣬η塣
ÿִһƣڵϡ
ȶʱ򣬽ִѾ뿪ģ׷ȥβִ磬ִ硭
û׷ϣһ⳵ʦ׷ǰָۡǰ漲۵ĺɫƺš
ִʵ̫ΣˣһǸƶŮִͺǿԣ£óֻʼ绰
ֻǰִѾƶλãֱȥ
ƵĻһһԺﲥţִס̵ֲɿصطǻҪը
£δйĺ£ǿҵĿ־ǵصĳϮ
ߡ
Ƽ㣬ִˡһ˵
һ˵ַ֪ô᲻ᱨþ˰
ƼЩĻšٴβִֻǹػ͵΢Ҳ޻Ӧ
ʧˡ
Ƽ㣬߰ɡ
ѽƼ㣬ҪǾ鷳ˡ
߰Ƽ㡭
ǶȰ
ĬӺƼ̴Ӧǣã߰ɣ鷳ˡ
Ůôʡ
ִƶʧȥüֵƼ̿˿εϵƶ䣬ǵãִѹ̵ˮŮϡ
ǿɶھҪŮ
ﻹúüҩˮƼ˵ʣµҩעȥ
ЩҩԶѲҲ
áȡҩͲȻע䵽ƶֱ۴Ѫ̶һǳɡ
ºضȻԵƶ߳ߵſʱֻһɫۼ۶·ĳ
ͣ£³ֻһˡ


 39 

, Ƽ̴˸۷磬Ѹ˻ȥֹ, 嵲ƶǰ档
أִʡ
ɫ䣬üȴ˵ĺ⡣Ƽ΢΢һЦ, ָָ̧, ִ˳ſȥ, ֻŮϣСɷ׺Ѫɫ۾ͷĵһߡ
ôˣе, мŵķâ
ûô, ̫, һѡƼе£Цżˣ
Ϊ㲻, û뵽
ִƼ̵ĻҪŷˣ
ƶε, ȷڵǷ񰲺, ֻ, ȥҽԺ
Ƽ̼װһ, Ƶ˵һָɡŲ˵㻰, һִָֻ̽, Ҫˣͻٶһֻ, ֻ֣Ū
ִһ˫߬£ȭͷÿ졣
Ը⣿ƼߵƶǰóһѾ, ĵ͵ƶĲϣ㿴ϸƤģȥӦþжһɡ
˵ţƼϵȼء
Ը⡣ִٵزɫ˲ɷס
ǰʱ͵ʴʱ˿̲һȵĺ£ȫ޷侲ǿԣ˵ʲôҪģҲԸ⡣
Ѿǰˣִ߹ȥһ˫ִƽϡ
ڷľСĴָʱִͻȻ֣ƹ
ҷڣƼ΢΢üִʸ̸𣿡
˵ţϵٴμأƶĲϳһѪĺۡ
Ŀģ
ҪִȻüˡĸԸַŻȥ
Ƽ̳ߵʹ˸ɫǰһһ߰סִһžŽִСĴָȥɾ䡣
ҵʹϮִҲֻ΢΢üʼεŮΪʹԭ˲٣
ȻǸ֣ѾľŵѪұ
Ƽ̳ٶһְֻɡ
ԣȷִ
˵ûʸ̸Ƽ̵
ָľ̫Сˣ˻һѴĹﭷۿӾҪȥʱƼ̱Զжͷһڵϡ
ִ϶ֶеľһ߿ǣٶƶǰж
ƲƼ̴󺰣ס
ӵϣʱڰĶӴ˳˴ִս½ִſƶȥ
ƶ䡣ȥ
ƶӵڻսţıͷૣ̣ѣѹ
ɻ˰㷴ӦҲûС
ҵĴУƼκشӵǰСһִ߽Ȼ׼󱳡
ִֻӼĽִ硣
ִӦݣתһһ߿ƼĵƼҲ߷ڵأʹıѾʵֱۡ
һĻ崻ͫһŴվڽִ󣬵ƶ䡣
һ˲䣬Ժ˼Ů˽ˣִôأ
ִ磬棡ӻǺ
ִͷֹѾԱܵظԼƶ令š
һޱȵľӺ̽ȥ
Ӻ󣬾ˣƼ̺ͬһҲûܵͳͳؾ֣ȻҲˣִƶ䱻ͽҽԺ
Ǹžؾ¼ڹ
ִźɫ£ѪҺ͸һƬɫǲϸҲҽָֻ֪жˣھȻϾ͸˼򵥵ֹѪ
ƶȽأһֱԲѣҪһļ顣
ִڳϣ΢΢ǰ㣬˫ֽϥǴ׹ߴͷ£ĵѪɫ۾ЩʪĹ⡣
İСʱƶڲϱʿųȵľͷҡ
죬һ㣬ҪѪȥѪñѪ
á
ҽͻʿɫţȴҲɵĽš
ƶҽżҳִֽղҪѪǰѯ
񲻶θһһĳۣȫǺ
ҽʵش𣺡ڱע˴ҩĻϵͳˣкܴһӶѲ
ڳڻ״̬Ҫǩ֡ҽʣͻʲôϵ
˵أִʯȻһסʮּѵ³֣ɷ򡣡
Ǻãǩְɡҽеֽʵݸִ
ִԥڲ˼һǩԼ֣ձʵָؽס
ʱһʿҴܹҽѪRhѪûˡʿֽͣ˵ǼǰˣвҪ
ҽԺĻᵢʱ䣬ʱȻԻǼ䲻ġ
ҺӵѪһģҵѪ𣿡ִʡ
˿ڣָҲˣѾľоʹˣֻЩ
ҽԭȻͻȻ˼֣˵ԡɡ
Ѫеú˳
״̬ãú˯һɣϾͻҽ˵
ִҽл߽ߣֽƶСģ
һ̣ܵ£ִһſ־度µĲŽƽϢַڴǡ
ʧȥ
վſڵỤʿɿһĻЩΪ飬һʾԼĴڣ˺ûһ㣬ӵ֡
ָҲҪġʿĹҪ뵢̫ʱ䣬߽ȥоʧ˴ѪҪúϢҵ¥顣
ִܾˣҪֱŷġ
ʿȰղҽ˵ˣ״̬ܺãϾͻѣȸȥ飬𣿡
ҲǱŶԲ渺̬ȣ䷳Ȱ˵
ȵִٴξܾƶϸֱ
ðɡ
һ˰ҳû˧ʿĬĬ롣
ԼһСʱ󣬽ִӲſڵĳ¡һ͸ҲԿ

ϰ˵ңʿ쿴ƶ£ŵʱִķƳһֻۣºѪȷ߽һЩ
㣿Ѫʿͫ׷Ŵ󣬡㻹𣿡
ָģôѪ
ִ̧û¡
ɫҰףҲѪɫ£ƫƫǿʿ첽ߵʿվƹһΡ
ֹһʿʿֱվڽִ࣬־ҪΡ
ܷŮ˴Լ壬վǰ
֪ܰӣʧѪǻΣյģôִ𣿣ʿ
һʿ˵ѽƣһǵһʱ֪ͨ㣬ʱٹ
ִЩˣüͷҲǶ˵תϴּķߡ
ͻȻԴһѣΣִҲ֧Ųסȥ

 40 

ڶ, ƶתѣоһƬͷЩ, Ŭ۲쿴ܡҽԺͷˮ
ǽִȵԼ𣿻Ǿ죿
ͷ߷ֻ, Ļһˤ, ڻá
ù, 㿪΢ŸִϢ¼ʣִ, Ķ
Ȱ, ֱһСʱǱҲûлƶִָ绰, ֻﴫϤŮãĵ绰ѹػ, Ժٲ
ôѽƶü
Ĳ𣿣
ţһ˫۾ˮɵ, һ, Ө˳Űչ䡣
ͷˮҪ, º, ʿܿȡ롣ʿƶ۾, Ӧǿ޹, ΪСǵԼĲ顣ϸذοõģָúܺ, ܿͿԳԺ
šƶ΢ɲسҭһ˵ġ
úϢʿ궫š
ߵſڵʱƶʲôסʿʣ˭ҽԺ
ҽԺĻʿǰҹཻ, ֵĲҲǺֻǽϽʱ԰Ļʿ˵䣬Ǿġ
ʿ̫ȷĻش𣺡ûϰ࣬˵Ǿġ
ԭǾ찡ƶ䴹۽ޣҧ´
룬Ҳð콭ִ˻˵ģ¡
ԼҪߵģȷģûκҪô̰ġ
ƶ̧֣סĿڵĽָ
ִ¥µĲ
̡ʶһȻȻѡ
ҽ˵ƶϻѣʲôʱˣִ̧һ۴Ĵ̧üġ
һ룬ԥİεԼϵҺ룬ϲĵͼһ˲䣬󱳵˿ʹѣΣվȡ
Ŵͷվ˼룬Ȼ߳
ճţ¼ڹĶӡ
ִ磬ֻӰеֻݸִ绰ЩѾá
ִӹһһ߿
Ӹʣִ磬ȥĶ
ִûߡ
ʱŮ˵
ӻͷǴŰ״ӵŮʿڻܳԺ
ִ磬ҪԺӸȥ
ִѾ½΢ţмʮδϢ㿪öƶ䷢
ִ磬
δӵ绰Ҳܶ࣬·ҳִҵƶϸĵ绰
ҹ
ִӿŲ
ʿ׷ᣬˣִҪȥǸƶŮˡ
콭ִƶ䵲һĻڶԺС̾Ρˣֹ˵ġ
ִ粻ҪİȥɡֻϣǸŮ˲Ҫٹִ硣
סܹĻʿ͵ҪԺֻ뿪һġ
ǡ
ģģѣ
ʿתʧıӰðɡعŶ˵ȻǾȥһ·Ѱɣ¥λСķá
á
ִûֱȥ¥ϣȻһԽ
ƶ˯Ժģֻ˽˲ŲԽԽڲǰͣ¡̧۾ȥǸӰɲ̫
ΪҺԭʶ壬ԼΡ
ְ۾ϣһˣǰŵǽִһװӦǸմӹ˾ġ
Һú£ΪԼƶƲסǻۿֺˣΪҲˡ
Ө׵Сˮһ˫Ӷ
ִ硣Сᳶڡ㱧ҡ
δ䣬㱻ִ£ڻϢ͸˱ǡ
㻹û
Ǽഥƶءšһǵִ˲䡣ִһ¶˫ְ˱ˣ̲סգȥˮ
ϤϢϤ¶ȣƶޱ
˵ûá
ִƶȵҲ֪ԼΪˣ·ףʹװӡǰǰҪߣѡ
ԣ֪
΢糾Ҫ
ʲôˣʡ
ұƼƭץˣв㣬ңʵ뺦㡣
ţ֪ˣԹ˯ɡִŵᡣ
ƶ仹ǲ̫ѣ̧ˮϴ峺ûԲԣ
ִš
㻹Ǻңңǲǣ˵ţҪޡŲҡìܵúܣϣ˵ûѹ
һ㶼ңҪô㣿ִɤЩɬ
ƶ⣺ǵģִ磬ġ
˯ɡִ
ڵĻԡ
˵ϲ˵úðҲ˵ҪһҲɽأǷ̣
̵ǣûûΣǰǻǻ̲סã֪Σյʱ޷˵ƴľ
ִĬĬ룺һϱǷģҪⱲ
ƶڽִ･˯ִ˯˲ŷϣذԼڵСÿҴñǡ
С˯ú㣬΢΢̣Ρִڴߣƶ侫СϣþƲ
ѾˣִƶͷӡһǣȻ뿪
ϣִƶĹøƶı
øʮˣһڵسִ˵߬סִ죬һȭ
㣬ȴˣʲôˣøһȭڽִǡ
ʮҾҵҲ㣬ӽԺԶһ㣡
ִҲ֣ɹø
ø˵öԣȷʵΪƶŻôһ٣ûл
ۼִڵϣϻѪҲ֪Ѫ³£æǰסס֣ˡ
øûҪֵͣ˼
ʱӸֹסøһѾҪøƵִסӣسøһø˵ûûбö䣬ԲҷģԺ󲻻ٳ飬øҡ
øɲأǰ뿪ȣöôˣǮǻỹ㣬ԺҶˡ
һߵĶȥˣ̧ժ˽ִףǺúÿʲôΪ˾ƶִ类еһָк󱳣Ϊƶ䵲һôѪǿ𣿣
òУִΪƶҪˣǻôҿҪƶ䣬Ҫִ硣
͹øһִֻȷʵһָͷĺɫһƬɫԼѪ
Ὥִˡ
˵ಢǽִı⣬üø㣬Ǳ߶䡣
Ϊʲôʡ
ִͷƶĲһۣǼѵسһ˿Ц⣬С֪Ҫޱӡ
øӦ˽ִǲƶ䡣
ƶסԺڼ佭ִҲסԺһ¥һ¥£ִ󱳵ĵ˺أ׾͹ᴩҪúơ
һٴȥƶ䣬ҹǰ
һºƶԺ
ϣִҽԺҪԼԽԹԴűܡ
ִƭģҪ²ܳԺ˵Լ
ƶɵصͷš
תˣҲǺ䣬ôѽƶʽִ
䡣ִ
㲻ǲ𡣡ƶɻ󲻽⣬ǵýִѽǰ۹Ӧúܺõġ
ִ飺ôϻˡ
ðô䣿
ƶס֣䲻䣿ϸģȫϵĹġ
áִ˦
ƶίҧŴ۾˲ʱӿϾӨỨִһۣüͷ𣬡ˣ˾кܶҪæˡ
Ժ죬ƶյǱߴĽ°һпŵȽִͻùõҽҩѡ
ǾˣͲˡ
ƶһԽģܽڵľټȥǴѧʦһڿΣҲ𽥳ʵ
º󣬽ִԺ
ƶ䲻֪ҲûеִѾϣ߽ңСһյСҹƣССڱ˯ú
߽ԡϴ˰̻쳣ԣȱָǱˣҪôƭأ
ҹ΢ݣ֪ǽִˡ
Ժģƶת˫ȻϽִҲ꣬˶һ˯ú䣬Ļůѽ
ʱ˺¡
˷ݹѧУʦ˯ģȵϢڽִѡ
ִشš
ôƯôãѧУ϶кܶСϲɣִ΢΢һ˫ְˡ
ѧУϲ𣿡ʡ
ƶ䣺аѧǶϲҡüͷ΢΢𣬲ɿЩҶܺˡ
ִûţͷƶⲻ᲻صҧһڣ˵ش𡣡
ƶ˲ѣҲ֪û˸ұס
ҲܴӦʲôݡִ룬ҵˣ֪𣿣
֪

 41 

ʵƶƭִ,ѧУν̲£׵Ѿкüˣƶ䶼һһܾ

,һڿΣƶӽѧ¥,׼ؼҡ

ʦ,ȵȡ

ƶͷ,ǵãղϹĿ,Ϻ⡣Ǵһӭ泯,

Ķر䣬쪣ƶ˹ϵë,źɫԵӵᡣ

ôˣƶʣ̧޽ǵ鷢

ͷЦЩɵʦ𣿡峺һƬϣûеĻҿ׷ʦ𣿡

λʦú,ûаױ,ȴҲΪ,ѩ촽

ϲ͡

˵,꿴ƶ,Ĵ𰸣֪ǲ紵ģЩ졣

֮ǰ׵ƶ䶼ܾˣǰ鷳,ƶͷ۵úܡ

Ϊ󻼣ֱ˵ûѣҽˣϹˡ

Ծ͸©Ųš

ƶ䲹䣺ģƭ㡣

ԺʱѧϰϰɣҪ̸

֪ˣʦȥ

ǰ治Զͣһۣһ֧̣˹ǣﳤȥ

ƶϹѧУˣЩǸ˪˵һ㣬ˣֺƶϹʲôӡ

Ƕôһ˲ƶʦ

ʦݰݡ칫ͬ¸ƶ

ݰݡƶ˰ˣʱ΢ŵʾóֻ㿪΢ţǽִġ

ִڽѧ¥µ㡣

ţƶúѽִ쾹Ȼ

ϣƶ¥Ŀִ˹˹ͣ¡ܿģЦü䣬۽üҶڲزסЦ⡣

ӭһͬ£ЦʲôأǮ

ƶش𣺡ȼǮҪǧС¥ȥ

㣬ˤˡͬСʲôģһҲ졣

ɲɣߵ¥ƶ׵Ǹסƶ䣺ʦܸϹ˭𣿻߸ҿƬҲ

ġ

ʱִѾӳ忡վڳࡣ

ƶִķ̧һ°ͣ˵

˳ƶȥһõװͦ

ʸ󣬻۵˹˹

ѸٴȲǻ϶Ա

ƶЦеسִܹȥ𣺡ôˣ

ִ΢΢üЦϣҵûմǲݡ

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