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΢ѩʱСͽܻǸԹɵС꣬
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úͽܣȡСͽܲҪ;
һж˳ֱĳ΢ѩ
˱һָֻţ
СͽĴߣૣʦպɱʱҲ𣿡
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˳пͽܹǣëޡ
ѲʦܣտأȰëޡ
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1.ܿգ˽裬˫cϵ1v1he
2.ɲŰᣬҪ̫߼
3.²ҡʼչ᳹ʦǵһΣְ
ݱǩ    
ؼ֣ǣĺ飨΢ѩܣ  ǣ΢@Ϧ  hesc  һ仰飺·ü  



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2
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3
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΢ѩʶ̧ĺйĵطùҩ˿ͺˣһ̺۶ûС
˵ֳݸЦҲܰǣǿҪȡǣôܲܡ
ҪʦͽϵҲõȷΣ֮
ԭУ΢ѩɾ֪ĺݺ̬ޱĮġ
΢ѩҲұ仯̫ǹ˳ͤɣֻµ·ϣΪʦȻҪúʰһ١
Ϊ⻰˵ȫ˭֪䣬СͶס˽ŲΪʰˣ
⻰˵ģǰöĺһë㡣
΢ѩز׽֮⣬￩һ£Ծ֣ѳҲûջأֻĬĬС
СһᣬûκΣֻ̹ףȥ侲ȥˡµ½񣬸δԼŰɡ
˶٣̾Ϣһɽö޸аһҲˣҸȥˣʱԡ΢ѩʦܣҲϣΪһֻˡ
Сûûܾͺã΢ѩϰ䣬˿°䣬һů
СתＷϽЩеллʦ֡
ɫСšչ뿪
ָܿƽ
΢ѩڴ߿˻ߵ⣬Ȼʹ˳ͤûпĺΡ
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΢ѩԾ󡭡ҲС
ĶƺҲ֣Щ£֮ӡ̣ʱϿһȴܾ
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һʶִиڲϵشߴȥ¡
΢ѩԭȷʵǴȥĺģĵʶһţ淴
ʶڸǿ߾飬ʰһĲУһԺɴô졣
ĵĪֵʶǿѹһᣬϣ߻شϣ׼˯һ˵
ٶҲҵġ
ѵʱ΢ѩһ٣䱻ʲôһ¡
һһöơ
ĺơ
˳ԼˣҲ˻ĺ顣
΢ѩָĦƣ󣬲ʣ֮ǰǴѶСӵƾ¶ˡ
ϣĺ֣Χƣ͸һ˿Ϥ
ںܾ֮ǰҲĦơ
΢ѩ΢΢˵һͷǷҲѹĺ齫䱦
ǰСίͰ͵ؽĵģ
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΢ѩһƷ¡
ˣŲ˳ʶ⡣
ֻȥȷһ£ĺûг£᲻ǣľ顣
ѡ
лҪ˵
һڽѼ죬ٳԡ
򽴰Ѽޱ飩ʵjioԼġ
ҽóȿ䡣



4
΢ѩվھ£ȥ
ɽƣһͨʯѶϣյ㡣
˵ˣǸﷸ˴ĵܷ˼ĵط
û贫˽ƣ⶯һеΥ棬ᴥƣӳܷڡ
΢ѩѭأȻá
ϣζ岻ת΢ѩֻʹԭ֮ǰڵ
ȻΪĺ飬һ룬ˮҡһҡλεֻʣˮ
΢ѩ㶯ʣպؼʱָ˵ˣһʱҲӦЩȥ
·׹군ˡ
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΢ѩʯףƬ̣תùġ
һתһɫӰԶɿ
ɽ£Ӱͣ½Ų΢ѩ˸񣺡ʦ塣

ƺϵ΢ѩ˺ϲ⣬й󣬱ǡЩҪѯʦܣʦҪһȥ
΢ѩ˳ͤĻ֪ǿдĺµβջؽţµص˵ͷ

ĺܷ˼ĵطڶ塣
ĿݻУ΢ѩһ۾ͿվںߵСꡣ
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΢ѩڻͻȻһִܾǰҲڴվǿѹض˵Ӳ֪
˶񣬽ЩĪĻԺǰһſ뺰顱ֵߴ˸ת˻ȥĳһͽ
ĺٿ
΢ѩһ˲䣬۵ԶƵظһ˿̹Ǻ⣬ͱ˱ۣʱ⾡
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΢ѩ˼ţ̽ŵͽ
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Աʦʦʧأ
ִ̧˸һâָԾ֮ϡ
һ죬䣬ɻصֱߣûӣָһ㣬Ƶ΢ѩǰʦԸʦˣ㽫
΢ѩ
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΢ѩѵؽߴջŲĺϣϣʹܾҲҪⶫ
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΢ѩֻǵȷһСûб̫ضˣĺȴΪԷҪ˺סһʱ˦ֱܿӲ¡
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Ϊ̫Կҧ΢ѩجһֱ϶Դգʶ
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뿪ڣ׺ڻħֽײ΢ѩɱ󡭡ˡ
ʮһ꣬Ҫĺʦ𶪽̫ءһĵһꡣ
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˵Ҳ֣ʵǰħ˺һһɱ󣬺㵭ࡣ
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Ǹ֮ңҹܰߣֻҪһۣǰḡ΢ѩĮȻν͸ĿڵӰ
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֣ƿ꣬ĺԼߣûüջ֣һů
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̽۲죬΢ѩȷСӻǹԹʱڣûкڻǷģ֮ࡣСγЦЦҲǣˣ߰ɡ
ʱСһûˢһѺøжȺˡ
תƽʦ壬ʦܣ
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յ˫϶ݵͣһ˲˻ûٵڵλ˵Ŀʦɱ޹գȥ鿴ʵƺЩ룬֪
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ĺץһ鲻ڻı
ͷһԼЩ졣
ݼţ˼ʼϸ˼΢ѩΪͼ

΢ѩǡԺ顱һԣԵպ
һ˯ˣŽȥ
ĺγȥ˵زɵһݡĻϲսݲ£תײ˳ڵλӡ
λҲǳģѵãǹһˣ˼
ĺ鲻ӣǱ˶ڣԶ٣׷Χĺһ·
ĺƵ˫ȭѵа֣һ֪˰ݡ
¿ɺˣλӸֱ׳ΪɵĻӣԽ
ĺ֮ƴһλӣͻΧӻڡ
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ʱĺǰͷ·ǻ˼ңͷڵӸϣﴫ޺ˡ
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˲ˣ߼ȷʵȾֻаʦܴͬʱδǺ
΢ѩ̬齣ţֻЦԷǡ
ǼСӣССĳǲ١ʣһӣεͣģ
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ĸӷöƷ鵤Ȼһˡ
Ʒ鵤ͬСɣһöܵһΪǼС˵Īջ˭Ը
Թ˳ͤͽܵı̾Ϊֹ׼˵Ȼ뵽ʲôȻֱ
̫죬һͷһ˲Σ齱߻˻˿ȵȣ¶ʱܣҴһȥ
Щ飬Ҫ֤
лҪ˵
ʦңûˡ
ҲܳСȱȡ



5
µСǧ֮Զ
ǧ΢ѩһؾ˲ϢܹȥȻʱͬա
һµ΢ѩɾֻǸġɾͲҪΰĲӡ
΢ѩȥ壬ͱһɹô
öȭͷĺҺˣ·ĥԲ΢ѩȥ˻ᣬҺ˶԰򿪡
ҺװһָֻͷЩеһӦȫ˩ƥڿɱ״
΢ѩСȡĬھӭһΣСͱ˴ߡ
ʯɵ޶غ̤㣬˻һͷȥ΢ѩ
΢ѩǵԴг棬ʵĺۼô
򶨵תͷĺϳɡ
ﺦһգȥʣ΢ѩȥƣҳĺһס
ĺϢ˼գ΢ѩþƷҩţϵ˶õòˣʱһɾˬİۣһСԱһԵվš
΢ѩԸһ£ƺֹܾ˸ǣʦ𡣡
ǰһվߣûȥ̧֣ϣ˳ؿ΢ѩ
Ҫȷ΢ѩϳ˼
΢ѩСٶɰ˵ʲôСԹԡ̲ס䴽һ°ڣִĺϣ
ĺܿҲˣһ΢ѩԶĽ䡣
΢ѩûע⵽ϸڣλڵӣ⼸꿴ۣ΢ѩ۵ס
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˵꣬ҲǼλӦ
ʣͷ
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΢ѩӦðգҪԣԼȡ
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ѧʱϰߣ΢ѩĴ˯ú΢ϸ˯ˡ
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д㵣̧
΢ѩ˯źϿڳĹɽɢȡ֮䵭˪鸴ѱ档
ΪǰȻ෴鷢չ
ҲΪʼ벻΢ѩͼ
֪ݣΪλҪôá
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ĺ˱ۣÿӿԼòԼ侲ɢֻʣͿܡ
ѹѹʱбһ
ػʮ꣬С˭۸ʱڡҪʱȡڼ䣬¶һ쳣΢ѩֲףٴ֡
ǵãһ΢ѩ뿪ںűɷ˵ģôô͡
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˵󲻴˵ССĺ˸䣬΢ѩ⵹ǵľͺܽˡ
ĺʹ֡
ֵһ˲Դǿհ׵ģֱֱĽвŷӦλϵźĽУ΢ѩҲ˲š
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ĺеգ򴽣뽫ֳ
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հģĪϤĴС
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궼·ڲζĺʳ֪ζ
΢ѩϢˣǶޣǶħԣǼջ
ٿؼ٣æתͷס븩ҧһڵĳ嶯
Уھͱ¶Լ֮٣Ҫ̵̣㹻ǿ󣬲ſԡ
ĺһȵﲹ°䡣
ſԡ޼ɵؽŪ֮С

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һʱǡƻ裬ͣ¡
΢ѩ˯ѣЩ죬գգۣŽָѣ̰һ
ѽôСͽǰ˯ˣ˯ôûʧʧߡ
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Ϊ׵ĳڵӣҲɽŴĺһŵФ룬Щɡ
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뵽⣬Фɾʱա
΢ѩͣ½ŲĵƲһۡ
ФĻ˵ˡ
⿴ɨͷ亹ˢһ¾ð˳ƱΧʲôûС
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أ
ҹģѲҪһȥ
ФҧʵҲ֪˵¶ĺ޹أ֮ԻڲߣΪġ
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ضŲԶǵȻӰų϶΢ѩޣ˵ʲô׿֮ˡĲʸ賤
ڵ΢ѩɾʲô֮ˣһ˰ˣǰ;Ȳ
뵽⣬Фǿ˳Щˣ̧Ҫϣһ΢ѩɾİػͷĵؿһۡ
Ф˳һû˳ȥǱ߶˰ЩµϢ
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Ӳһ˺ܿҵ˵ǻ˼ҡ
ֵ㣬ҶؼҳԷȥˣһӰţĺʱƵڿյĽֵϴԶ
ŵǸʮˣТ⼸ձȣ޶ˣ۵׷ɫ
ˣľګдЩ㶣ʣ˭ʲô
ߵ˵ʽЩŹ֣ۼǴЩ˻˻˻û
΢ѩýͣزһܡ
ĺ״ҲĬһܡ
Ф¶˳ĪؿϹ۵ʦͽе޿κΣֻܸɰͰ͵˵⡣
֣һ۵¶־壬漴ϣûУû
Ф뻰һ٣ɵؿˣЩŹ֡
ûϸ룬ֻǺ޷űʦͽ̶ۣĺˮһָˮҲ·ң㿴ӡ󣿡
΢ѩû뵽Ф뻹һУһ
Ҫڣתͷĺ飬ĪľŰ㣬˼
߻谵Уһ˫ǵЩı仯Ʊͫ仯ݼţ΢ѩҲһۣԼƼһ㣬ٿʱͻָ
ָĺ飬߶µָϣǡɱҸף
΢ѩòԾˡ
ƶĺ鲻ɱˣּҲˣ˺ĺʲôʲôԹҪݺˣ
΢ѩ˼΢⼸շõĲ²⡣
˵
ԭ飬ûͱĺ飬ƶľ飬ǿƶĺڻ
΢ѩջߣƫͷĺ飺ͽʲô㣿
ĺһֱû˵ǱݺʱҲ԰ףվ΢ѩߣûһ粵
ֱʱ΢ѩ΢΢̧ɫ˳γɱͺˡ
лҪ˵
ʦ𣺣
ʦҶ仵



6
ϦûɽɢҹĻ١
¹յ׵ͷܿվˣҡҡλεģϣӳһƬҰס
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̫ˣ˻˻ԽƵͼ΢ѩһʣ̲סʱ
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Сͽܸո˵ʲô
ɱɱʲô⣿
仵ˣԹСͽô˵Ļ
΢ѩ̫ȷŵؿĺ飬γһɣɻ󣬸޹ظɱ
΢ѩȣžһĺͷһģϽסͷԣҵˣǸ⡣
תͷߴ̵ӹФϣǸСͲˡ
Ф룺
΢ѩߵڰ׺Ҫҧ̣ɫƵؿĺ顣
߰ûӰ΢ѩɾϣһûָǡ
ͺСϣֵһˡ
ͬһһˡ
ФҪҧˡ
ʵںܾ֮ǰҲ΢ѩɾܿ죬⾴ųǵķУ˼벻ʡ
ȥ룬Ҳ㹻㣬Ϳ̿츳ϼѣһĵӣΪγȴֻܿˣܶء
Ҳ£ľȣڵĴײ档
Фһѹ궯ʦͽ˵ţǸûᡣ

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΢ѩûݴ֣űߣĺ鷽ѿڶɱ⣬Щͷۡ
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ĺǰάΣѪĲ̱޷һ񣬺׺ڻ
ڤڤ֮һԤУĺǺڻˣᷢܿµ¡
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ﴫФ۵΢ѩͣ˼̴ƣʣôŽȥ
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šҪЩĶˡ
⶯Խȳ˲䡣
΢ѩΪĺ鶨˸趨һůͦϲԭûڻСͽܵģڼСͽģʱ泩ΪʦŻҲ
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ҽŲФλʦܴʶ̣嵽ű߶סָĺ飬üͷһ壺ô㣿
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ФɵͷŷԼȵһŹŹֺ
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Ф뷴ӦҲ죬ȥǺɢ
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Фһ㶣۲ѣֲǰӣֻǿ򶨵ؽ𣬵ƻɢһʱҡ
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Фɻʲô
ˣȻһͷŷ˲֪ʲôʱεˣϴδɢľ壬Ǳεġ
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Фûѻ˵꣬ϹΪѵؿ΢ѩȴܵ⡣
ⷨһ˫
ʦֲֵ󣬻ɱ䵥˵˻ţǸͨˣնֻ΢ѩǰϡ
˭
ФֻֻſʦͽĺϷ
Ȼעʧ
ʦͽǵûлƾܣԤеĳȻ෴һһҪȥն
Ф룺
жˣ
ûôģ
Ϸ˼գն䵽΢ѩϣ˳һԲкλʦܸ͸λ

󷨲ڱ¹⣬ԺһƬڰС
΢ѩԺϥϴݲȣеȴŻоš
Ųնأ˭ĺǣֻǸڻأ
֮ǰĲ²ûȷʵڲҾ飬ǿн˵졣
죬·ĺɴɡ
΢ѩͷˣǺĺ飬֮ΨֲĺҪն궼
෴Щƺܲ
⹷磬ڲظǿָ
΢ѩĥֻСͽܿˡǲָĸڵˣǼ˵·Ը趨˳Ǳڻҵڻҡ
΢ѩںڰоһᣬɳɳʲô嶯ڵĦУԽԽ
Ƭ̺ɳɳͣȡ֮һԹԹŮߣ˻˻ʵСɾζϢ
ȳϢ˱Ƕһֱ۴ͷűϡܸܵӲƬ
һȻµʲô

΢ѩһ񺮣ûú£ֻ·Ų˵䡣
ƽȣû˵
ȷʵһֻ޳εϰˣ°β
ճ˺üˣ˵ΪһΪ޳Ѱ˳ԣ˭һգۣԼˡ
ӿ΢ѩϣ̰Ϣʮֳ
ûϢ㴿⣬ˣһ˳ȥ˵޳ˣΪҪǣ
ߣԣ౾ѵüôųˣһ±
ó飬ԵǼˣһǳʱԭһµġ
ζɲ
ʼʩһεεģһģٰ֮ջ󣺡۷ͷЩëͷСӲģǿšҪŮǽ˸
΢ѩΪ
ŴҲ֪ʵΣóȻŭԷ̵ֻصȴѵķʱ
˸飬󣺡ôʲôϲŮٸѲ㰮ˣ
ǡ
ܵԽԽ֣Ҫˣ΢ѩ޿̣סǻԲҲ١

شˡ
˰Σһʱû˵ǧһ̣֮΢ѩȻ̧֣һݺݵؽײ
⧲ȥ֪ԼˣˣȻŭٺ΢ѩϻȽԵ
ƽ΢ѩᵽɤۣܵȳԽýҪĻ
һҽдӶ飬ڰ˺ѣ¹˲ʱӿ룬ԾһһնΣ
΢ѩĴָһɡ
ɫ£ѩȻһͽնɱ
΢ѩΣоȳ
˵ɳը
Ȼһ˲΢ѩֻƮһͷ
ˡ
Ϲ˵һ䡰١ᱻСͽ˰ɣ
лҪ˵
װԹԵƴ



7
һΣʱʧڵʹس鴤ţɺӣ˻˻
Ӧԭŵˡ
ǰǼӽԲѵ˰ʱµµشӴϹ䣬ͷۡ
۰׻Ƿƣɫͫױͫ﷢˻˻
ûŵ棬һŤţȥݹɲ
ĺɵ̧֣΢ѩۼֿ죬һѳס°ڣȵȣ
˲ֻ֮ǰûɢӰ죬ŻŹ֣Ϊʧ
ĺһȥǿҪʵ֮ǰɱ˺ڹˡ
ĺһһ٣
΢ѩأ׾ѣɵͷ΢ѩǵǽǽ̲ȥˣ뵽ߣβס
΢ѩڵʲô
ĺĮȻ룬ܹ鲻ǵ
ȳѪҺʹҪմ΢ѩ°ڡĺƳɺ죬۵һ˿
һ˲ţһתס΢ѩ֣˹ͽܵļƣʦ𡣡
΢ѩ񾭽ãЩ飬ֻǰӲÿڣĺµشŶԷ֣ûվ
˻ԣһƬž
΢ѩ𷽲Լſں˵ϵġ١̲סͷƤ顣
İοԼǻĸ֪Ҳĺ鲢û
е㻳ı£һͱˣ²˻߳ɾɣЧ
ȻҲȥСͽܵû
ȥСͽ˵ͽΪʦ˵Ϊʦٵúܣܿ
΢ѩһᣬĺɶûķӦ˶·
ɿ֣´һĺ飬򶨵û˰ɡ
ʾ䣬ȴƶ
Ͼ׶ӣ˵
Ȼĺܿҡҡͷû¡
ָ֣ⲻԾͷƺһ˿
΢ѩ˿ΣûǼСӣҲûʲôɻأ
ء
ĸСӴѹʱɫѿ
ʧǺؼǵ÷ŵľǷĸλֻﱻնһ򾡡
ȻûһᣬǸԿһλŮ
Ůò绨ģҲ߶ܣӭϸٰ֡
ǼСͲֵഺ궯ڣջ󣬸ľܾһŮܿ챻񣬷и
ٺҲ֪ôģɥʧǣŮĿ£ѱ˴˵УŤһţֱۣȥʧЧǲˢˢε
ĺˮʱԵһţңʮǱ
˸˶߳ܡ
ФܵĴûɱţŪһ󻹱İˮ涪
ɫ࣬һԲվţ˽Եɡ
˱ˮʱһۿϵβûһΡ
ĺĮûİˮûΣŽβܵԶĽãſĿİͰ͵ؿڡ
ԭ򣬶ǽԭӲԶɽҰߡ
㣬ߵɡԿҩֵߣʶ˳ȥɽﲶߣú߼׬һʡ
ö֮ɽ߼ʣµıüΪƻץס
˷չ飬׳ľ飬ҩˮݣʮ죬ֱľڣӣٽ֮ȡŵɽ
Ұߺϲζˣ󵨵߳ľϣҧϱߵӡ
ȻﶼݽȥҩˮҰмջͬʱҲڼԡҰ߿ӣܿͻϢȥԾǰľ̬
Ϊαľľ
ָŽǿľֱ־壺ľүүʮǰġɽûߺǾͽ
ɽʣҰ߶伣򣬶ľץߵգҲһȥûˡ
ֱǰ˵ĶӳȱǮŴҰߵ⡣
ղʮľ˳ĵضɽϣ׽Ұ߻Ǯƣ˭֪Ұû
Ϊǽϸˣ˾֮£˸˵ĵʿһöûУʿ÷һ˵ʿ˳ڰ޶Ҳһ̳ˡ
ϣֺ֮ˡ
ʹޣں޲ѡ
ˮʯҲȥһ˴ʬҲ˶Ա뿪
ǼСӻģûٺƤҪ׼Ѱͷ뿪΢ѩȴš
¹ӳɫߵФ뼸ǰλĵﱾͽܣһǸҲûô
ФƤģٵغ˼ƾܣ뵽΢ѩɾڣãˣʵڱǸ
Ĳ鲻ԸĺֶԸҴ˵䣬ǣﻹҪ¡
΢ѩ˹شϣɽ½ֵ˾֪ܸȥһͽס
ܣ
Фܾ̾˽¸ĺǸѾܣʧ棬ôǰǸϴԺǰ;ȫˣ
Ф벻ܽĽҧɾοΪЩС
΢ѩɫһ
Ϻɢˣ嵭һϮ£·˭־Ĺӣʱô΢ѩɾƣܿ˰㣬ƵԺ
ֻԶٱͽͽô
΢ѩ̧֣̯ġ
һöԲʯĵģ΢΢͵ĹâԼóʳ
Фɫ˲䣡
һ۾ϳӳƬӰʯŵؿ΢ѩû뵽ɾȻֶΣȻ¶ӳʯ
΢ѩ˿û۸СѵУΪͽҳӵĺʦݵ£Ⲩøжˢ١
һ΢΢ЦǼλԸ壬ǱҲֻöʯ˵ˡ

һƥʱһ㣬ԭ·ء
ܰ
У΢ѩ̧ڴһǷ۵׷΢ˮ⣬˯£Ȼת뵽ĺ黹Ա߿ţ־ʦܶǿ¾⣬ǿ
ƤƤܵҲû⵽Сͽܣĵѱ档
ĺĵ׳ìܡ
ԭ綨˴㣬㹻ǿǰҪһɡСͽܣ˵ĿԽ͡
ͬʱҲʱ΢ѩ˺
΢ѩȴ˵
ļ֣́סؿڣоֱԶѰҪ졣
ʱ΢ѩ˵仰ʱĪһ˿嶯ǰһѩ׵Ӱס
ĺãȻ˿ԵɣȻһãֱֻ֣ܽ޴ظԼ
ġ
ú΢ѩġ
ô뿿˵ĳ嶯
ĺ쵶նؽҵ˼ѹ뽫ߴ΢ѩŲȻɨ΢ѩذ׵죬ٿֶסˡ
˷Ժĳ
ʤѩ΢ѩͥԺУ׿Ȼƽ
ſϣֻǰջ󣬰ٰ㹴
ĺͻȻòʹ켫ˣߴ΢ѩһֱ䵽΢ѩ°ڣԽò˳ۡ
׵֣ס΢ѩ䣬ڶԷԴɻʱһʦŪˣӰʦѵɡ



8
΢ѩ˯Сͷ㣬ԺУէһ֣һۣ˰βŷӦĺĻص㲻ǰ䣬Ǻġѵ
۵ֱ۴ϵĴУͷҲһ񺮣κγʱû뵽ô࣬û׼ɾ΢ѩһ£Ȼȥٻ
ĺҡͷأմ̫ãʦ𡣡
⵹Ҳǡ
΢ѩԼƬƴɵ壬˵ʱ˻˻ڵϿɲеˣðգ׵˵öԣǻ˰ա
˼̹֮»£δ⣬ֻѼףҲûĺתȥš
ʦͽֶûʲôñܻģҲؾ̫ࡣ
̧֣׼£۽ɨӰһΣĺȻȻֹ죬ͷ顣
΢ѩ΢㶣ʶ̧ۿȥרעƷǼô쾭顣
һѾܾĻʻ˶ֻٴĬĬ̾Ϣһùԣ˳ĺĶִ
ĺֱ֣ۻļ磬ɿؽһ£С
ĳֽǶϿͺݵӵһ΢ѩ
ȵȻֺȻԶ룬̫죬ûͣ΢ѩӦʱĺԭλȥˡ
ֻʣγֹɵϣʦ·Ӻܺÿ
΢ѩ
⻰ôе֡
ϸһ£ҲûﲻԣֻСͽС˵˳ӱģû̫⣬չЦЦֶ豭˿ڲ裬
ֻǸСܿҹᡣ
΢ѩԼٴ˯ֲһӲˮЩĻ⣬Сͽġ
ǾʹȻĺ鿴Թɵģȴ˵ʱ򣬶΢ѩڽ
Ŀרע̬˳
һûһУܿ콫ͻڡ
ҹɫţ˶ϢˣڵӳᡢĺǸֻܰ졣
ĸڵ˪ӣſſġ
΢ѩÿӣֵҹĵӽ˼䣬˰úФǣǧ壬ס
Ϥĵط΢ѩһ·иⷭӿĴ齡
ÿӣһһ߷ԸˣҹˣҲȥЪŰɡճ罫ˣʡʦ߶ͣ
ʲô΢ѩδ˵꣬һԲģʮֶ졣
΢ѩһһģЩûվˤĺ״һԾȷס
һӰӰ˳˳ͤߵʦͽĲ֮λãͣ½ŲݿʣԴá
΢ѩֱۣվȣ˳ͤһ⡣
˳ͤôôͻˣ˵Ҫüղųôô࣡
΢ѩв
˳ͤÿν֮ԻڷעϢҪĺ£ÿζǺúúáӦԹȥ
ΨһһΥͽܳȥ£ҹͱץ̫˾ˡ
΢ѩе飬һʦ֡
˳ͤ糾ͣǸջã˵ʲôһתƳ΢ѩİ޴£΢ңȻֻŵ£üͷһ壬˼֣·أ
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΢ѩתƻʧܣԾĹƿԡ
˳ͤ쬵ضһֵۣƳĺ飺ʱˣͽȻȥЪϢɡ
Ҫĺӵ˼
ĺʼй񡢺󣬾һԲվ΢ѩ󣬳Ĭܡ
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΢ѩĬȻһ˲ù˳ͤʵ˵ϺƣСͽûܾļͷº͵ˣȻȥϢɡ
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΢ѩһ٣ʲôһȻơ
ϴСĽĺƴ˻»ؼĺͻһնѣˡ
΢ѩӻǿƣݸ꣺Щˡ
ɫϣӨĹ⡣
ĺֽӹ˳ͤƵģüڵָһ飿
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΢ѩûӦһᣬƱߣ֣ãȻؿ۹˳ͤһʱ⡣
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΢ѩ⻰׽飬Ȼ˹˳ͤ˼öƾȻԭĺģ
ЩԾ۽ɨĺҲ΢΢¶㵵ɫ˵˵ȥҪϽͣûûУϻߣǻ
ĺ˻֣ʾϽ뿪
ĺսƣ촽˶˵ʲôʲôû˵Ŵˡ
ֱӰʧУ΢ѩɿ˳ͤü̧ڹ˳ͤǰ˻Σʦ֣
˳ͤûĿ֣ȥҲˣҲɡ
ǰŵĹ˴ÿμԼʦܻᱻޡ
΢ѩȥ㲻⣬ýӲһˣֻʵôˡݱϾ⣬ִ׼أµġ
˳ֱͤⲻʡĵʦûޣҪۡ
ʦ֪֮֪˱濴ɢʮͷ¿
ԽԽ˳ͤӻͳһֻУ΢ѩ䣬ҩЧѣϽˣҸɵ

Ǳʦֵæſභᣬһߣĺûôһ߻סһʱ
ҹϰϰڴɢе𾪡
֣ϸ壬ƣԭ΢ѩ
ĺƣ˵ʲôζ
΢ѩ̫ˣǻĵ׵ĺⶼѹ˼֡
֮ǰƲԶƵǵǱʶƶҪΪʲôҪ벻ס
ֱҹһ·һ·
ϲ΢ѩġ
ںܾúܾǰǷޣڱ̲ĺߣˮɫ
ĺʧػһᣬȻļжϲ㣬벻΢ѩĳˡ
۵׸ãʵط룬Ȼһãǵþ޿ѹƣǿһᣬǳŲסſϣ˯ȥ
¹⴩̨ϣˮһǰ
ĺʱļС
лҪ˵
һһʱˬһֱһֱˬ



9
ĺһֱ֪Լ⡣
ʼû֣Ϊû˻˾غ
СӶиĸֵۣܽһˣΨģûû˰Ǳ۸
ĹɻڽһΪʲô
֪Ĵڣزݡ
࣬˰ȲݣҲͬ
Ĵ룬ۣѵشӳ꣬ȴʼҲ֮
ֱʮ꣬ޣһں轣ꡣ
ǺһδĻ˵֪Ǽһֻ峺ĺˮŻĻһļﶬǻ״ֻ̬дʱŻɫȻʢš
ָ֣֪
ʤѩճںϻ㣬趯ʱֻӰ彣

СڰһĿתؿţǾ档
ÿ롣
һ仨𣬷ɵУƮ䣬꽣⣬ΡΡģ䣵£չ˻꣬ʢ
ʢ䴽һЦ漴һǻ䣬Ȼȥ
ѩ׵°ɫﻮѵĻȡ
СĿӰʧ⽥ͰˣһᣬવܵߣŬѰ꽣ͣĻ
δΨһһʢĻۡ
ֻЩԶ
Сſںߣ˼Σû̵ˮˮǶ仨ƵøԶ
ԽŬ̽ȥȻһСûſȣͨһˮˡ
ĺˮһӿС
걻ˮǺüΪܣȻͽãԽԽ죬طˣֻۣˮգɫͫնã
ûѣǻ
΢ĹâΡ
һֻѩ׵Сǡ
׵ʱһٿѺˮһ·
䣣źˮˮԭС̱¶м䡣
һ˲ӿ룬СǺһˮϢб⣬ſڰףǿ̧ۣп˰ʤѩȥڰϴսȻһԾͣǰ
ɿɰһ䣬Դһů긩Դֽ
С̵˵źצܺ±˵ĴΪǳζ˺
ȻտΪˮɪɪĿԵøС겻Ϊӽһ࣬ˮҲë㡣
С⧲һ٣еֺͣµţβһҶ˺һᣬûܵĶ⣬β͡
ԥһ£С̧ͷһһֻ־Ͳ᲻ص󾱣Դ
ġ
С峺ıɫܾԴϵůջֺ󣬷ɿգգۣСצӾס½󣬽ʪԴؿڡ
κССءءһ
걻С̳죬ŪʪյģҲС̶䣬ɫëմˮһţ¶һۺ졣
һЩ⣬Щˣ·ԭǸС̣ɿɰģԭôġ
βѹȥֹС̴Ӻ׻صϣһɢˮԭ
̲УɢһƬɫʲôٻȻ
ţǽӶչ꣬Ȼʢš
¡ȥʢ
С̻ǡýһĻС
׸ǳЦ⣬Ƭ̺ͷ˫Ưıɫһ£ȡˡ
ժһǳɫļС̱Ǽ⣬С̽һҶü᣺ͽĺɡ
ʱֵ£޺ϣĺɫǳ
ʢѤһƬΪ顣

ĺоʱ䣬ҹɫǰ谵ʱ̡
ֱյĩȻϨ˳ޱߺڰС
һľǻš
΢ѩһʼ֪İݣɻǽڣͽܡ
֮ΪʲôҪɱ
ΪķԷ
ĺۣƵԺļ䣬Ȼ֪ΪΣ΢ѩһ֮ǰȫǵˡ
ͷֱģ̫ƴԴʹһϤĳٿͻأǿƵļ˳
΢ѩһһĻ
ĺ鲻뿴ƬΣǿѹ£μǿת˼ǿԺѭ
ĺľһǣ֮Щ֮ϡ
ż΢ѩݣȻ΢ѩɱʱƽ˵ǽӲ
ѩɾ΢ὣƴһ˿ն
ƽʱɢģྶͥ
ĺΨһͽ֮һϧʹޡԹû
ĺ͵վ̫ƵһΣ㵹豭䣬ڽűߡ
˿ˣ١
һˡ


΢ѩвЧһ磬ФǼĲʣҲֻʵʵصڵӵ棬ᣬĺǸԷԭ¡
ĺûǷɫ̬䵭΢΢һ٣ɨܡ
΢ѩû
˴
С£Ҳȷʵ΢ѩ档
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ĺֻû˼͸ˣǼڵһۣתȥҲǼѿ㡣
ⳡͨӳƬӰʯ΢ѩһĻСŵ
ͽܣ⸱ѵ顣һ𿴻Ļһֻվڰʼϣ󣬡ҲΨǰԡ
΢ѩЦһֽʯһߣΪ⣺ͽܣֲͽܡ
˸׼齵ߣŸմأǱӱʼϷһ
¡
΢ѩΪ˶ǳʶһܣͨһֵشϡ
Ƭֻ̣Ժߡ
СܾҲ֪˼ȥͽܡҹŸշǰ㶼ʵš
վ΢ѩ齱ߣҪԶš
΢ѩε̾˿һڽϣ૵ʦͽ飬Ұ
˵лҲûִҪȥֻݶ
һ䡰Сһϣβ˶ս죬
΢ѩһҲ֪뵽ʲôȻ̫죬һ£΢΢ۣĿƵضűʦ֡
裺
΢ѩֻķѭԺһ嶯ҲóֻСơ
ѪƾűҪɫģгβ͵ģ䣬ë޵ġ
£һѾؿ΢ѩ㶣ôˣ𣿡
ʣͽܲģ
΢ѩĪСô
ٿضסһ²⣬ѿڣ֪ԭ



10
һʱž
Ƭ̺΢ѩӱĶ￴
ʣ֮ǰǰ䲻˵ʱ򣬲ҹȥҩ⣬ӲöƷػ굤ģ
ػ굤Ķǹ˳ͤͬſݣʦֵҹҲ˴ɽͷǻػ굤Ǳ΢ѩˡ
Ȼ΢ѩҲಹ
΢ѩ
΢ѩ֪֮࣬£ʶתۣñ۵׵Ĵ㵡ȵȣԭһֱ֪ĺǰԭѹûдΰ
أɣֻ飬ųɣһĥŵҲãɢһ˼ȥ鹬
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11
΢ѩҴҸϵؾСʱ
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һ˲ŵӶ߶·롣
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ȻԻѾȥƵһˡ

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΢ѩĴæΣܿһҵĺ顣
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12
ֻСֱ΢ѩƲۡ
Ҳû̫ϣϾеĵطĺ鲻һԸ
ĺٳٲ򴽣˵Ȼðˣµȥװˮȣҹ⻰⡣
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ͷŵؾסӣ΢΢Դʦ
΢ѩһ
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ָⷴţȵĴмֱĶֵˣлл顣
̫ˣûס˳űܺԭһ顱²ŲףϽȣͽ𣿡
ĺز׽һһ΢ĳ޵ס۵һ˿΢Ĺâҡҡͷɻһֻ䣬ʦ𣿡

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13
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ǰ΢ѩԶǱƽͷûˡһ¾飬ֻһСͽܵԴӣĶҪ޻ǡ
ôԹԵСͽܣڻô߱ʦء
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Ҳûע⵽ĺĻ˼顣

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ûˡ
ĺ⼸꣬ΪǣȴԽԽĬԣǰʧȥʶʱؽصصᣬֻ΢ѩ
ʦͽ㣬һǰһ΢ǧߡ
΢ѩһ£ʣʱҪŰ˽ʮ׵ĵȥؾؾǧǰĴµġ
򵥽䣬ѯʵȤ
΢ѩúͽܺ󣬱һֱΪ֮ŬŬСͽܽɳҲŬȥŤתӶĺƫ
׻иңȻ۸ĺˣǲô׽ԼԼųġ
΢ѩĺȥؾֵͱĵദ죬룬ȥҲûϵ
ĺȴȥ
Ǹؾǰȥһ
ע΢ѩԷǳЦݣزһ䣺ʦչ⼸꣬ҪЩرġ
룬ֻϣʦõĻر󣬲Ҫʧľٶ
лҪ˵
ٵһ֣
йѪᵼµŰ



14
Ҫؾʵ͹ˣҲǰ׼Ȼһϣգڶ¡
ڵɻѣҲû̫࣬һ羫ӵɽŴϣȴ
˭֪ӵʦֳֺĬŲڣƺڵˡ
ڵһȽϻԾĵ̽ͷ̽ԵһˣָõľŸһ٣ɻʣʦ֣ȱ˭𣿡
ףһˡ
ԽͿҪ˭ϲֻоŸ𣿡
ĺʦ֡ûϸ˵ֻʱ仹δλʦĵһȰɡ
ԣĬ
ԭˣ
ǰվ˵ĺ˾Žؾʱֻž̾룬ǵĳһϣƾΪ˵ĺ顣
鸴ӡ
տʼ֪ĺǰʱǵĵһӦ񣬺ܳһʱǶĺ⣬뷽跨ҶԷ鷳
ֱ΢ѩɾִ໤ĺףǲЩ۸ˣֻĬĬų
ڳһƬžǵӣƲƲ죬̲סֹ΢ѩɾδ̫ƫЩǰʩʲôԻѾ϶Եʧǡ
͸þ͵ɱô˷Դȥ
ԽԽˣ΢ѩɾĲԱἰ΢ѩɾԺǡ
˪ѩĽƾն׼ֱ棬δܾɱ⡣
ۼֿһѣѶܲǽձ߲ôһӣѪֱ
ʱ¶ʹ飬δ̧ͷҪ˭ô󵨣һ̧ۻסˡ
һذ׳۵ĺ黺ĿĮӹ翴˿
ûĺ齫ջأ︡𵭵ĳ΢ѩʦֻʲôҲͷ㡣

СͽһԶţ΢ѩ̸ܵ˿ճ˵Ĺµ
ǧϱûˣĺһߣԽ˼ֻȸ֦ͷౣû졣
ʵĺƽҲིôܻ༸ʻϢ
ƩֻɫĲյСͽרõġ
ƩϵĽۣСͽµġ
Ʃ齱ߣ׺һöСë򡭡СͽãСͽܲűŤŤظһŵë
εΣĺµĺۼϢ͸С
΢ѩҲ֪ΪʲôؾͶСͽô⣬ʼֻΪ˱žúչĺġ
ëʵ˶ġ
˵þûë޵Сͽˡ
ദ֪꣬ĺıʲôˣȻһֻѩ̣ɫǼСΣѩ޵β;ǰʱֹֿɰ
ϧëޣֻǰĺĳʱһΣ
Ӵˣˡ
΢ѩ̾ϢŻƬ̣һС֣µطһҳַһҳ
СֻԼܿݣ⼸ԺֹļƬΡ
֪Ӻʱʼļ俪ʼûҡԭԭһʱһ㱣ֱ治塣
ÿʲôʲô²⣬ļ¼
Сһҳ¼˯ʱμƬΡ
ʧܵǶγ
¼ݺֻ̣ܶȼʡ
˪ѩѪ
˳̫ͤء
ǰ΢ѩòˣεǵãǹ˳ͤҴҸԭȥ̫ء
֣΢ѩǵԭǶǧչضɽٵİ˪ѩѪ
ĥһᣬСһȥԭչصĵط
һڸ߸ɽ±ߵĶ
ΪǱչãĲûаʲôԭɽʧܺ⴦ط㱻ʽάŵģ
ЩɺԵѪӦԭѪʱŻġ
ѪߣббһѴʳ
Ǹס
ԭ΢ѩɾ彣ס
΢ѩܲµô£ǹ˳ͤԭȥ̫ؾִ֮û⽣
ԭϣҲ˽ˣɴཫ֮ڴ˴
Źĳ΢һɳ嶯̧סһ顣
Ȼһ죬һ磬Ľ亮âһ˲ڶ·Ʈ˪ѩͷɪ
ڴͬʱģξƬٿ
΢ѩԭأָ⽩ӲŽĿⶸȻã
˪ѩ͸ؿڵĳѪ춹εδӽ䣬ѩ޶˶Ŀ
䵭˾Ӹµؿʦ𡱣ɫĮȻȫ޸顣
΢ѩĿھʹ亹乹䣬ִٵ֣ʣâ˫ͨһڵϣŵأֿͻʹ˼ȴԽ
ξʲôˣ
ԭڻĺɱ΢ѩɾһξ飡
ǳ硢̫ʱҲμ
Ϊʲôⳡ׶ɽٹ
΢ѩۣŴϢţһᣬȾʹòˣŻ̧ڳ֮ϡ
׵ĽҪѰխһЩϵŷ·мϤ
΢ѩָⲻԾᶯ˶սʱ򡭡оҲϤͺǰչһ
ԭĸо
΢ѩ߻ͣڽϡ
֪ΪΣܾǹͺͺĽ˵ʲôüͷϸ룬ƶ
˸׹
桭и׹ġ
׹Ķȥˣ
΢ѩ³һʹɢ󣬲̵վ
ϥǷŹˣʹ˲ϣֻ˫סʣ״ӵ
ĳ˯ŵĺӣڻģϢġ΢ѩһ亮â꼻һ֣ٲӰ
ѽܡ
΢ѩĪԤУջѽ֪һЩ˼ࡣ
лҪ˵
ʦþûruaëˣܲrua



15
ؾΪ£ڴڼ䣬ͬеиܵǺĺĲࡣ
ǻھŽȹһʱģôñȸƾŽ׵ĺǿ
Ȼʵ෴
ʵĺһ·ˢвˣ䣬ǰڸݱߵĸ߽ͺȻĿҲЩݣȻתȥѪմ˳Ⱦ
հѽΣ׼սһĵǣ
Ŀɿڴֻܸ֮࣬Ͻȥժ
ιȣҲɾ̾ʦֹ
Ӷغ񣬳ʵ⣬ʵǵģʦֽ׿ʦֳ˶Ҫˡ
ӸŸΨһ˱һԲ
ǳǰĺԽĵӣжһǿΪʱмʶĺĺĵ⵭ЩͬʱʤҲ
ǰǱýݵĴүںﻹүƢ˿ޣⲻ̣̲סôô죬Ѫͼô
Աʦܳ˳ӣʦԡ
һҲûἰֻ²΢ѩɾ
˵²΢ѩɾҩѳģָ£ʮ׿ĺתͷ䵭ؿ׶
ϵˣһ飬߹˸䣺̵úá
Աʦܣ
ʦ˵ʦ̫ڿ˰Ҳû˵ڣֻӦԣ΢ѩɾµһȻġ
˲ûػʶס·ˮ̹ǣֱĺŲߣžûظĪһͷ
ĺƺ˵ǰ
ġ΢ѩɾ⵽ɲñἰɲñ˵ʦһ䲻á
һޣһѪİô
ͷԺһݼš
̧׼ǰߣһĺҲŶˣƽʵɣգۼ͵ǰ
ԭء
ﰡ
û˵΢ѩɾ
޹ģ̶һ˲һĺҪ鷳ҪôӦԣֽУӹʦǰͣ£߳ȵʣʲô
ʲôʲô
Ųתͷ˳ĺߣʦܻﱧŵġ
һֻɫС
ĺɰֱͦͬŻëޣĿƽζ
ͻȻ˴ҵע⣬ϣ棬ֻš
ЩͬҲ۸ģֻǰɱһκĺͱ䵭ˣޣҲô
ģֻһˣһ¡
С䵭ﲻԾֱǵӻ꣬ǵӰƵСĺףֻͨС󣬱ȣտһ¡
ĺüǵӸϽëޣܹԺܿɰģǺվҪ뿪ؾˣҾ죬Ҳؾ¡
ëޣܹԺܿɰ
ԺİݴʴУĺĬһᣬءšһû˵ʲôٴתȥ
ؾرʱ佫һնߣȻĺߵķ෴
ǵӲ˰ΣֱĺӰɿʧźȻӦȵȣôؾ߰

ؾĺصǧʱǴҹ
ؾûٺһͬУкأһٶȸ˻
ǧϺܰ΢ѩ˯ˣӲãҹ׷ĺž˯ӣ֦ͷҡҡ׹İ÷
ĺǰפ㡣
¹յСƣ;Сɣͷſҹ飬ڵҹһĨĹ⡣
֪Ƶɣǰ̽΢ѩĵߣҹװʣģײײװɵ΢ѩֵһҹð
΢ѩϵذٰݣһҹֱʱ֣ʦͽŽƣؾ˯ȥ
±յСƣδȡ¹
ĺ鶨˶ݣǰֽԱСϣӸµؿų˯еˡ
ʦ
Ĭڽɢɫִ΢ѩ󴩹΢΢㽫齱ߣ˳ƽ
΢ѩ˯úܳһǾɼʹȻ᲻񣬶Լǧϣûʲô벻ᱻͽҹϮ
֮˱ڻˣҲûʲôӦֻԼƲ̫ܵĺ黳һ¡ʢѪ̣ã⣬ɵһ˯
ĺִ΢ѩͷ£ʦݵ䣬űʶĦ¡
¶ȸݵָ⣬΢ѩɼƫ䣬ȻǴ죬Ŵ멣Ҳ治ů
ĺ鱧ˣ΢΢ѩǳĺʱᣬ·㣬ٶƽ
Ȼ΢ѩû֪Ԥʱ䣬ʣࡣ
΢ѩٲ¾Ҫ׷ϵҩɾȡ
ǰСʱ׹ůֽţҲҲˡ
ֳҲҲˡ
ĺһֻŵ֣Ű齱Сϵչ
һܺСɵʯ٣ʮƬⳤ̲һʯɣһ£ȻγȪˮˣ˼ơ
ȥؾдŴԶι֮ܣͨܽʶ΢ѩûܿ͸ʦ𣬾ʲô
ǰгıѰһ޸ǡ
ĺָʯϣⲻòŻ¡
Ȼꡣ
һʶ
ڡ

ĺջ֣˯ӿһ̣˳ӱ⣬ʶס΢ѩ֣ͷ°΢ѩͷۡ
лҪ˵
ûruaʦһQAQruaģ̱˯һ
ʯͦġ



16
΢ѩ˸Σμ˸ӡ
Ӧ˵ԭȵģֻǴ˿УԭڣбʵֻǵһƱ̲ӺһֻߴߴС̡
Сʪֱ꣬ίͰ͵СءЦСһԴʱ¹ĺɫǸСһȡ˸
ĺ顣
Сǰǰ¶صʮˣͷָԭͣҲת΢ѩһҶ
΢ѩסС̵ǰצؽɹȥ˺ë˳㿴˿̵Ƭ̵ǲ
ͿСצСһͷɵëûס˼£ŵһЩҪմŰʦͨɡ
Сð֪⣬ãȻؿ
΢ѩȴû̫࣬˿»û˵һãֻչֻС̣˼ȥʦʶѡ
ҪҵĽڣҪǵէȻȥС̡һ£Сһߣ˴˻Ӧʱ䡣
һ΢ѩʮ꣬緢ͣʱƼˮ꼴֣þǱѣһ·ὣύߵĶ֡
С̺ȳ棬ʱض΢ѩżβͶ΢ѩͷؿ΢ѩ̸Ц
ЦУȥʮĹ¼ţȻ޷ܡ
һʱһһ·ġ
ȳ˱Ƕֻޱȵľ綾·ǰ
΢ѩ滳Сڱӣü嶾
Ϊ׵ĶЫββ϶ź⣬˻Ƥϸ۵ģֳֵܼˡ
΢ѩǣϢ⣬۶޻ħǼջ󣬼򵥶ԣɮƵģһڶ
С̽ŵëըˣ΢ѩﹰ𱳼װͰ͵سʾ
ȻѪδȫԣǼﲢûֻ̰ض΢ѩ
΢ѩС̵ıû¡
ͷպһ갫֦ɺҶ䣬ǳ಻֪С
΢ѩС̱ٸߣһ׳֦ϣԹԿţҪҶˤˡ
С̣Ǻ庢ӰᣬһתǼһתͱɢ䵭ģ󡣡
Ǽû壺ɶ
΢ѩ˵ǳˡ
£ƾճ̧֣סְΣ赭дһӣ֨һ죬ǶЫβ;ˡ
ʹ֮£ЫĲҽشļֵܴŭΧ
С΢ѩԭأһָһὣسУʱ㽫嶾䡣
ûôأƲŤܣ΢ѩЦܣֵܾҪɵ롣
һת⽫ԭأ༸һ𣬹롣
ɢƽ
֦ϵС΢ѩڶ̶Ƭ̼νնжˮ̬սʣһգֲ
΢ѩĶͷ˶仨ҲûҶֻ˲⣬Ŀתš
ֱ΢ѩߵ֦ߣ΢΢ͷ֡
նɱﶼֻһὣˣʱ˫ֲ٣£üĿᣬɡҽ㡣

С̶ʮ꣬ĺأȻʱ΢ѩϤչ⻹Щִ٣ҹǺ΢ѩֿ˯ġ
ʵνֿҲ΢ѩ˯齣СϣԶ
΢ѩڰΰѼ䣬Ȼô齱ߵһ
ʱɫ⣬ûо⣬Ҳû̫ģϢ֧¿һֻѩ޵İӣСڴ齱ߣһֻСצ䡣
ߣС̧ͷϣһ侪̵ȴʼûצӣִŵع䡣
Сһǰ˾ҹﺦˣֲҿקӡ
΢ѩһţСһ֣Ц⣺ôˣȶ̶̣𣿡
һŵСߡͻȻСʶס΢ѩû˦£濪СһԴ£ҲСһﱧţһ˯
ҹڡ

΢ѩκƳһֻС̣صڡ
С̲ܵһӵС̣΢ѩͨ
ͨ׳⣬Էһ΢ѩ̫ԣ»ܽѹһ
һж˳С΢ѩĻӺͰ£˳ͨӿڣСʴӱֻ㲦ɹΡ
СʱǱ΢ѩڻģκҲԾɷ΢ѩ
΢ѩַļͷοҪ˵ʲôٿһգˮ̫ϯ𣬺ܿ콫СӰû
΢ѩͷһĿˮУС꣬ҲӦںδվǰ飿飿ģ
˻
ˮɱ˫ۣ΢ѩ䣬ɢŨŨˮȻ޼£Ȼʧһ˿һʹϢڣùͷʹ
΢ѩĺüؿڣĵǺ;ӿϣѹԺܼѲŴһ
΢΢ۣĵĴѰ٣Ȼһ
С̣С꣬ʧˡ
ѹϸܵס࣬ս΢ѩȱһܣ»ѩһûվȣǰ㣬ͨһ䵽̫
ϤϢ΢ѩڴϢţоѡ
ʱ߻ɢãƻδȫ
һֻ־죬쳶ң¶ǣɣȫȻˣֻŬƽŹ
䴦һƣ𲻶ռβŵ죬۵׻δɢˮ⣬֦ܵͷ÷¶ǳɫմһҹ¶ֿ
߽۽ڴǰߴİӰϡ
д˸ߵѩۺ㵣ƺҲ£ţ۵ױɫǿգγ
ĺ顣
΢ѩѩǰΣͷĪӿɬҲǰһѱסǰëޡ
Ѿѩë񣬲ƾʱȴů΢ѩѴãžûع鸴鰲ƽ
ૻ顣
˶٣ٻ顣
ԼҲûʶģʧð֣ء
ĺ齩ԭأ¡
ﹲ̫ʵҲ鲻Խرԭ͡ʶһ㣬æʶ΢ѩξȻѾˣǽ΢ѩˡ
ĺ鲻֪شԭأţͱ΢ѩӵסˡ
ֻСڷ⣬һܣһζ˳ӣҵ£ʴӡ
ƭ˵ģǼٵġʦֻϲļ󣬹˳ë޵ļˡ
ĺ齩Ӳţһͷ賤
ʦģϲʲô
ܵС·磬ĺãڻצӣ΢ѩ䡣
צӴ΢ѩʱЩܵٿɢ
ȡ֮һĸоĺݲֻûҵĺ񻺻ƽˡĬȻ΢ѩ΢ҵ޷㱼䣬ǻصǰӱױһ̡
ԭԶģļʱ顣
ҹ︴顣
ڱҹ⣬ⴺ⽫ӵ뻳С
겻ʶޣһĶ
лҪ˵
ͽܵܣʦֻǲҵQAQ
ʦ𣺡ޣ
겻ʶޣһĶw.kĸ衶ݡ



17
ëֻҪһΣͻڶΡ
ҹһسѩǺ΢ѩٿСͽܵͳ˶ë޵ĿԺӡ
ĺ鱻âڱ
ԥãҲ֪ʲôЭˡ
յ΢ѩ˯˴شźǷ׼ȥԺȦչǣһţٿһ
аôߵѩǰضԺŵĶתͷɫ⡣
΢ѩգۣΣỺߵѩߣСĵؽִѩǺϣëƮһĲ䶨ϲ񣬷׷ðͷ
ﷴʮġΪʦöׯ㡱ǿס뱧סֻë޵ĳ嶯ֵѩǺ󾱣ĻŭŬ򶨣ôˣ
ѩ˳ؿߣҹӵֿ˿΢ѩﲻһֻ֣Ӻ﷢һƵء
Ϊʲô΢ѩ첻ˣ
ѩŴе㲻ˡ

΢ѩƮеҲ
ΪͶСͽܣȻǻصСʱÿ겻ʰģԭΣһԵضࡣ
΢ѩ߳һСͽܣջ֣תȥȡСϸյŷ⡣
ѩ׵ŷɷ֡
ʦ
Ǹʲݵ֡лۡɢ·һ̾ҪֽԾצ
΢ѩչ⣬ϰΪ
ڵǰѹʵěɾһͽܡ
ͽȨ˹˳ͤͽ΢ѩͽܱλлۡ
λ֮У˳ͤ곤أʣʦԸ£СǸãһ𵷣йһ𱳣ϵΪ׽
лһ˳ţδ飬Ϊ˸΢ѩѰ޸ĻԵ
ԶҲ΢ѩţȤţһɽ̶֮ȵطḻ΢ѩլǧ
ûԭļ䣬ҲϲСʦܵģ΢ѩһĬĬ룬һ߲ŷ⡣
ŷֻбһֽ̼仰
΢ѩۿ꣬ϲüңСʦҪˡ
ֽۺ÷ŻȥȻһרɵϻתۼ俴ѩǻ࣬˳һëޣʣҪȥСǿˣ
ĺףܵ΢ѩڵϲãĪûֵСʦ⣬Ĭһᣬ̧צӣСѾҩ΢ѩǰơ
΢ѩҩӣȹҩ㲻¿࣬ҲܣʱȣἫܵĥӡ
ãҩ룬ˬһЩȥɣٵˡ
ĺͻȻ;΢ѩЦݺܰۡվβʶ˦ǰס΢ѩ
ϤĴд΢ѩԶ˵Ʈ˻˶󣬿ĺƯͫһԥһ˲ڻ˳ӱĵ΢΢˱ֻѩ׵Ĵëޡ
΢ѩѩľëϣۣҲûܿʱֻ˳²׺ݵѩ죬¶˼Σյǻ
µĺ£΢ѩֱ֣ܿʱԼоһȣ·ʲôʪȵĶû⣬ֻǱСͽʪǼ䵽ˣ˻֣ʾĺæȥ

ղμӿ˵СǶ޽ģԲҪĺ顪ΪΨһʦ΢ѩɾĵӣ֮׿Ŀá
ĽһģƧѵԸ
ǵӲʵӰڿ˳ʱڳһ˲漴ͷӶ˽ﲻϡ
СӼ¶ţơʦֻ᲻ϸ񰡣ܳɹ𣿡
СսսӦãӦܰɣֻǳˣôãܲڹˡ
СӱɪɪɡôоʦɫأֲԤа
Сֹĺֻĳȵߵһ𿼺˵ߣкʦ֡
׻Ӧһ䡰ʦܡ￼ȷ©ŵǳĿˡ
ĺ鲻ÿɷ
Ȼμӿ˵Сҡ
ʦϸֱǲ·ԭܼ򵥵ĳˣĺѶֱȼеĻСӣʣͱһˣڵĿɿڴ
ʮӣͨľȻֻʮ
Сᣬĺ䵭ɫֲ˵ֻίίر뿪
˳Ӱϡĺޱ飬ʼգûΣʣֻƾһν⣬ͽڵƨ
ƵغϿᣬûʲô
֮ϻۣȻˣʦ鲻̫ãСǶ֣֮Ǩŭˡ
ҲЩȫƾѹû¶Ҳù̫ࡣ
˰һΣСǻлᡪĥ³ﰤܺöȥ˰
롣
һʱĳ£ڴ˴̧ͣۼĺ黹ûߣʦܡСʦ彫飬һЩҪˡһ
״ӣ⼸¶Ҳûѹĺ飬ʶĺ̬֮ȵ˾ˮˮ
ǰ䣬ĺףҲת뿪Ųһ˺䡣ز׽˹ؼʣСʦ壿
ĺۣڳݸϣϱ߷·𻹲΢ѩʱС
ظһ飬ƽлʦ壿
üһʶƽĲͬѰлʦ塣ôˣ

߿˳ʦֵĥЩʲô΢ѩһ֪
սС˱񣬱ӭ֮ϲԭ˵Żᵽлǰˡ
ղãһ·ͨͨƣֱ˶￪ʣһػʦʦʦ֣
ˬʣʮϤ΢ѩտˣûü֣ײһ̼Ӳϡ
ʦֵ˸Υӵ
һɽͷ͵˶Ȼʻ΢ѩͣһ˲̧󱳣ۿ΢ȣлۡ
˿ͷֵܾñطУЦӯüҡ
л۱һܿɿ֣üõĹâҪ˵ʲôȻһ˿ŹֵϢЦݵʱһ
ɻش΢ѩֹʦ֣ô񡭡й
Ϊ֤Ǵյ΢ѩߣᡣ
ȻŨŨ˱ǶΪ뻹ͣռеζƲɢ
лһʦ֡
δ꣬Ȼһ죬һ۶ϣȻأû˵Ļ˻ȥ
˵ĶԻͼȥˣתͷ
֮Ӱ֣һǴɫһذ׳۵ĺ顣
̬׽ˣ۹΢Ͱ˹߳ĳԲЦݣʦ壬лʦ塣Ӻʦһ·д裬һʱ˷ִ硭
ͣ٣ĺɫһ䣺ֻˡ
лҪ˵
ޣлҴʦ塣лҴôôʦӴ



18
ֻҲ̫Щ
λɾԼͬ룬ڵĶ֮ţһ־ͲͨСܱġ
΢ѩƿԼʦܣ˸Ͻãǻˣûû̬ģ˳󡣡
л˳ԶЩ˵ʲôһתۿߵǰλӣҲ֪뵽ʲôһֹ
һ˲֮ܿ췴ӦԱʯãһɨ֮ǰ磬ΣЦݶׯ˼֡
̶ʮףơҲؾһգ۾͵ǰ
Լ¶ݵлԲĺĬߵ΢ѩһתӴȡһ޴멣΢ѩϡ
΢ѩû멣û뵽Сͽܴ˸šе飬̧סڣǡĺϵ֡
ůƲͷᵧһ£ָȵؾŽûɿʦ𡣡
СͽģСƽʱû΢ѩֻһͣ٣ϰΪ֣Сͽϵô멣־Сͽֺܵ˿¶˵Ĳ裬ۣƤʱʶʲôٿػһӹĺĲ豭
ڶлĬĬ˴дʺţʦ֣Ϊ˳̬أ
΢ѩ
Ų豭ֻӵײĺģʯƣůȻںҲܱñвˮСͽá
΢ѩʵ겻Сۿ仯󡣡
лϸʦһ΢ѩɫԲ԰ף״̬õڷһ롣
뿪ʱ΢ѩշϣ̫صһݲҵʹģ˳ͤѲֻȥ΢ѩѰһԵ
ûܣջ١
ʦֵС׽Ը£ֹۻ
ǹлۺܿ²ͳңһѶʦ֣ЩѾ͸ϴˣʱƳҩġ
϶ױƵ΢ѩǰһƣЩһ·ռСʦʱԲ桭
СһĿл;Ȥġ֮ǰѾˣʣЩֻͣԼ
΢ѩ˼档
ʵЩ΢ѩЩʱҲ࣬л۵⣬Ѱ֮
ʦֵлһ˵;һ˵ű仯Щ滹ǲֱ˵ʶ˶ǳԼֹ
лûܻʲô΢ѩȴһ˿Ծ
ĺ鶼Ըȣ߻Թɫĵӣƽʱֳϣͺܶµظ뿪ˣôһһȣ˿
ˣǧʲô
΢ѩɻ󣬸ʣлͷӴҳͭɫ̣һʦ֡ûڵĻ
ʦ֣лǰ̵ݵ΢ѩǰ֣˼֣ҴӴҵһЩȥժ¥ʹ˵Ϲ֮ʲôš
һü˼һ£û뵽΢ѩڽӵ̣
ԣ̣лۻȻɻ󣬡ʦ֪ⶫ
΢ѩ°̧ʾ̡̲ƴͭͭĲʣųĹ󣬱ԵԼЩۣ͸²ɣĺۼѰ̺񣬲ͬûָ룬ֻڵŷ֡
л۵ͷ֣ȥ¶ɫʦֲѧϹֶϵá
ֻ΢ѩоû̫⣬˵̵ɡ
΢ѩȴ΢΢
л۲˵û֡ϸŷӵָǳ֡ӡû
ղֻһۣΪʲôôƶг̵֣
΢ѩѰ䣬ûҵƬΣƫԽ̣ԽϤ
üͷͻأشл۵Ļ㷽ᵽժ¥˵̵;
λڲݵϳժ¥ժ¥ʤ¥ģժ¥
˵ؼõˣʵɲ⣬֪ȴ֪
л۱˻Ҳգһ£ժ¥ԭǡԵˣԵ·Ե֮·ѽ
̯̯֣΢ѩҵܼԵֲɣôûӦʦҪҪһ£һԵأ
٩Цʵ̫ϣժ¥˵ֻйһԵˡԵҲ֪˭ʲôʱụֶ̀˴󡭡
л˼Ȼͣ٣㵵ؿ΢ѩ﷢յģֳһ˪Ƶָ롣
̱ˣ
֮£ʶץסֱߵʲôס̽ʦֿתöָ룡
鼱΢ѩ׶²ŷӦżһߣӾ΢ѩָ롣
һץŵǶطֽһקקλϡ
л۱һͷһŷץġȻ֡
޳ǽڷָɫ们䣬ĵл۴һ˲ץɽ㽫һ飬Ī𼸷־ŵζ
ʱ̫ĵʯ۵һ֣Ӳˣֱ󣺡𡭡ʦֶ
ϣСʦ塣
ûл۵ʧ̬л϶ͣһ˲ܿƿڶʦͽϣģʦܻæġ
̬̫ƽ·Ѱʦֶ֮ദԴǻ̬ȣûгĵطԵл۷Ӧȡ
лſڣ˵ʲôջû˵תͷ΢ѩ
ԣ֣ĺһס΢ѩ֡
΢ѩϾ˼
̵ֲ̫ȣ΢΢ţָҲŻγһƬѩɫĹâѹȸС
ϤԽŨأʲôҪƫֱεţѲ
΢ѩܵüҪ֣Ȼһ̵ţĺһִֻ䣬Ȧסһֻס̵֡
ͬһݹѹȸбɢ΢ѩȻһɣһᣬԾ˿СͽůĻƣغһ
Ǳѩɫָͣסˡ
лҪ˵
СлʦܽշݵԻ󣺱Ŷǿ



19
ָͣȺ΢ѩҲĺ黳΢΢Ϣţ˳ָ뷽ңңȥ
лۿǰһĻԼﲻԣʦͽһһӣԼˣҲܣһָ룺ָ
Ƴһۣһѿڶݣ
뿴
л۱Ȼһ£ƶҸմǱ߻أⷽ򣬲롣
һܣĥҲһϳժ¥еͷѲʾǱߣ
Ӱû˵΢ѩͷ΢Ȼһ׮
΢ѩɾĳףͳժ¥
ժ¥ղвƷ¥ÿῪһ¥ӭ˷ͣ¥ߣл¥ȡһȻãժ¥ʶͨʱˣ˳ѡ
΢ѩɾʮ꣬ɽպײժ¥¥ӣ緢ҲȰ裬һ˴ժ¥
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ϾһĨϧԼͬѡ֡
Ȼϣͱˡ
ɽʱŽ¥꣬ʱ󣬱̤ɫȻŲ߳гббء
ڣüϹżɢ·ֻǽȥ̤˸ࡢ˳ժ˶·߻⡣
ժ¥ͳ죬ѹǵضϣصʵʣ¹ⶼڱ˼֣֮ǿĳɳʮ׿Ƕܵεѹ
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ЦһͷҲأĵὣһӡ
ʱ壬䶨
ժ¥ָ·ЩѹȶǴҵĴֻ¥ǰƽͻȻһѺۣʾŷȷʵǷʲô
нϳǳʧУ˼žףǸ׽
ġµһ֮ȡߵĸ׽ʱѩǽ͸ѩһ

ݼţ΢ѩܿǡлҪҪȥƣ˵׼ҵ޸ĻԵ
΢ѩֱӣֽĺ顣
һ뿪֣ʧȥָɢʣױһƣ΢ѩƬ̣Ҳˡ
΢ѩǰʶͳ˯ѵĸ׽Щ⶯
һ˲ܿ¾ȥҲУšժ¥ָÿˣͽܽȥѳֵĽ
ĺͬһҲ޵Ľ
л۴һʦߵ꣬Ȼ֪ĺǰ΢ѩ⣬Ҳûʲô顣ܾλʦֲֶصúĵ⡭ɡҡҡԴ˵ʦֶѴһ
леתʣʦһȥɣ
ʾ䣬ƶƺ׼΢ѩͬ⡣ʦֵǰûһȥʦֶҲܡ
ء΢ѩشƶƵʦͽȥˣѾãʱͺúϢɡ
лۣޡ
һʱ֪˵ʲôʶֿĺһۣǡҲƳһۣײһ˲ֿܿ
лڻУƺһĨһһĪһָо
оԼĪǿһֻز¶ĴһȦẉ̂һ߳Σվ棬Ҫ
Ҳǣɣ

̱ѵһ˲ںԶĲ֪ɽּ䣬иٿֹȻ̧ͷ
͸ľ䣬յӰ߲䣬޲ϣȾ˼ֽꡣ
ͷһᣬŷܵҶʵڿʲôüĴ߶òײѡ˿ñȽͺ£һ϶￴ա
ͬмԭһһţ״ͣ½ŲһۣĪ
ͬڵӣժ¥ҪˣԼһȥ档ǰĳСԵɺϵģĿĵͬɴһͬеġ
겢δţ˱ΪֻǸͨСޣͬмպ󣬲ŷλʵ츳ˣССһֽ뻯ǴΪ̾
ϧСţԴϡȱݲôˡⲢŴùϵ
һܿչȥ̧ͷ죬ʣȻڿʲô
ȻǺ֡
ؿһ죬ջߣӦڿ󡣡
꣺
̲סͶ䣬һЦˣģǰ
ֻԷԸ˵滰ʶЦѣҲûϸʣת˷ŵĻ⣺˳ȻǸոջأժ¥һܶŵ˶ȥȻûţҲץסᡭ
ߴߴ˵һΣȻָֻƽʱޱģһǰߣһ߲ʱһǻӦ
̽ǵţŲ΢΢һ٣һ䣺С
ĸŰ˾׷ʵ
Ȼģڡ
꿪ڣ°䣺΢ѩɾ
ǰȴôҶˡ
һʱֻʣóͽŲƬ̺겻̫ȷʣɡ΢ѩɾѾ
ɷ
ˣɢڳȻ֪ΪΣӳȻ۵׿˼Ȼ⡣
ͷһɪ°仰Ҳ˵ˡ
лҪ˵
лСʦܣʦֶȫѸ㣬Ĵеࡣ



20
ʦͽڶ˾ͬԶš
һλǰ΢ѩűݵСͽȥϴԩס
ǴҺ˳ͤδջȥɴ΢ѩ΢ѩܸжȥʦһеֵ顣
κļܵŶڽϣͨϣʣһϲͨٺõ٣ҲǶţղŪ£ͱʦ˴ٶǧ塣
΢ѩ˼ƮԶջأ˼ǰСɵʯ٣Ȫˮ˵˼֣̲סϹ˼£ʯܺ
ʯСͽȥģ΢ѩϲɫ
ҲԼˮƽͽǰҪֻ˵ȻСͽܺϵһ䣺ʦ𵯵úá
΢ѩżӣֵûȴ̲סһ㣬ÿӣĵؿķ羰
ΪܿҪ⣬ƫƧ·ߣһ·˼羰ѡ
΢ѩüûԶţⶼֻڼʱ⣬Щ
ߵƵᣬ˭ء
΢ѩһʱ񣬶ĺƫͷãҲûŲߡ
õӰÿĴ޼ɵؼ΢ѩޱߡԾţ԰׵ĲȾů͵ɫ
΢ѩϳƵĺҲɢ࣬䱻ĥ߷ɢᣬһѰԿд⡣
ĺ죬Ȼһִ
ǰˣһ˲Ҫһֻİ׺ףȥ޿չ߷ɣ뿪ˡ
˵ĳ嶯ӿĺȻ֣קס΢ѩӡ
һԺȫֻһ뷨ץֻ׾Ҫˡ
΢ѩһɻػͷ˳ջ֣ôˣ
£ס⣬չɵİ׺ֱ˾֦ͷİ÷ġ
ĺƽȣ³һɿץӵ֣΢ѩ˱Ȳ裬˶ݵʧ̬ʦ𡣡

ժ¥һ£ʱ㣬ظ·ʦͽȻԵõͣͣǧҲ˴£ŵݵؽ磬һʱ䣬ϳǰ
ϳǳУңң·Ƽ䣬޶͸ءҲȷʵأɽѾãϸ˼ǵǺʱ֣֪ǳժ¥Ϊ˭¥ǴӺζ
΢ѩȱǮܺˬϳҲʵĴջ
һţ΢ѩ㷢˿ջϰλѡ˵΢ѩɾѡ
ʮǰֻͰŸƾɿջСϰ壬ҡһ䣬ϳջĴϰ塣
΢ѩǰŵЦˣľꡣ
ջϰҲܾϲ
ʮǰӹСջʱ벻˺ܾãһȳŲסţ֮ʣһλ˽
ʱժ¥Ѿգϳ洦ɼ˷ͣջΪΨСջΪ̫ƣһ䷿
䷿˵΢ѩˡ
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ջСϰܿ·߿࣬һᣬЦˣȰο𼱣Ҵժ¥ȡ˽һվܽԴϡ
ջСϰԭüģôһ˵̲סЦѽ㵱ժ¥ıþõϳס˿ʮˣ¶ҲĻˣܴȡ˰ָ
ֻڿЦȰοûϣ˭֪ûգ汧飬ſһվ
޷ӵСƿջ
»ҲͦȤ
ɾڶ뻹˰שء
ջϰЦüۣ裬һ׼ʢͣõϷпһתʮȥû뻹ܼɾɾ껹λɣɣͽˡ
΢ѩŲյ΢һڣЦ
΢ѩɾԸ
رʱڣǹ޼ɵƵежɣС˲ж΢ѩɾ˳˳ˮĳ⡣
΢ѩһ˲˵СͽܺûжʱСͽܻҹίͰ͵ܹȺ壬⼸ȫûˣȣҲչ˵
ȿȣе顣
΢ѩ˿ڲ裬ѹ飬Ϳջϰ˼䣬ϳǺժ¥Ľ
ջϰ֪޲޲ʮһÿڲţ΢ѩһ䣬˵ʮ䣬ϲ
ĺҪˣ󲿷Ծ΢ѩϡ
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΢ѩΪͽʱѶʮģʮ꣬΢ѩʲôһ㶼΢ѩҲ˵
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뷨һֱܼ򵥣΢ѩʦݱӻͽĳһָǿǰԹǾʹһɢ֮ĸ˻μ
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֪΢ѩȫȥ
ͷͻ޶˷ꡣ
ĺ鴹յһ£̵ĲˮӺ䣬һ
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ųƵĵһǺܿժ¥һӰʧ¥ʱժ¥Է֧ϣ˿ûֵǱֻΧ⣬ļٵصһοš
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ƣ·ػʮǰ¥һҲյЦ˵˾䡰лƾ
΢ѩ治ɫ򶨵Ǳ˵ģʮǰܸ¥輸ֽӣڿǲˡ
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üƺĻЩ⣬ؿһᣬף
ԣ΢ѩһЦɣ
ȵ̫ѸȾϵɫϷˮ΢ѩһĵţ쿪ڡ
̵ָ
ǡһλԵ˾Ϳƽһ֡
׽ǰʼ˯βܻ
˯ֻֿܣһǱش޸ɡһôѣǸӵˡ
΢ѩһ⣬ͣ΢΢ڳ
Ȼ걭оƣƣҲߴ١
κ΢ѩʳ˵⡣
ʣȶ֮
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ûİ뱭ƣҲ֪ʲôûټ壬ֽƺһԣϵҡҡͷ⡭ҵûشһ䲻֪
΢ѩĿվƱ˼ԭҲ¥֪𣿡
һ˲ǸͬĴ𰸣Ҳ֪
ժ¥һ̣ͷһ˿ãݼš˶̵ֵǰһλԵһ仰Ը㡣
һһٵ˵ѭġ
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УǺܿһսսòس汧ȭ⡣
ս޻ֱڿʳ˿ڣСֵܽ˵ã֪ʦкδ
΢ѩ֪ģԡ
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ֻһ죬ʮǰ΢ѩѵġδ£ĵطԱߣֶһѺۣѺһֱѵ¥µĺǰɳɱĽ
귴Ӧܿ죬̷ְν񵲣ȻȻһ죬гһֻһ¾ͱƲɵĽϣɫ΢䣬༲ףſܹǽ
ܼžһ˲Ȼ
΢ѩ
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һͬһʦͽΣժ¥ǲǾ͸ñˣ
лҪ˵
ʦ𣺾ͣͦԳƵġ
ͽܣʣʾǹֻ
Ȱȣҽֳִһ£



21
ĺһ·ﵹˮըһƬž졣
ڳ곤޶Ǽʮǰ΢ѩһģľûҲ˵
ʷݣڶݵ֮̽ͷӶһ߲²΢ѩɾ˴ͼһߴὣ
һƬУ΢ѩسСͽ֣Ҳ˻Ȼľ̾ջͬʱ˳ְѴعϣ߸⡣
ʲôˣ
ɡ
΢ѩƺһһƵȻͽ¥ǵл
û仰°ͣµǸ˵µĺ꣬ôۣ
΢ѩһ٣գգۣʶʲôţʲôꣿ
һӺ۸¥ϡ
΢ѩֲ´΢ЦСͽ˳СȻеϵɮ붨ǧֻ߸衣
ûͽ˼״αصǰ;õĺӣοѾиԹͽˡȻ׼ܾһ̣ǰõ̺΢ѩӦѸ̧ѹסҪɳˡ
ű΢ѩشָָڶĳȻ
ǣ
΢ѩ˼΢٣ǾܾĻʱˡ
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΢ѩĬȻһ£ҡҡͷǰǰҶЩ
ʱĺЩÿԷתҲɢЩ
ѵʰȵعһ¡
Ҳʼ޷ĺԭ
ͽܵһƬ֮ģԲܣȴȥ֣ͽܵġ
΢ѩʶָָĦţ־Ǻﺮ𡭡һˣĺҲʧòˡ
Īһ˿΢ҡҡͷƲȥЩĵͷ¾еڶΡ
΢ѩվչһ½ǣȥڷȪ
˵Ȫ˵ûʲôʵЧãʤްɡôˮиο

ûͬߣ΢ѩɢ࣬Ь󣬱żˮʯڱλϣĿ
ˮƣ̵ü΢΢ɫȴɢ˹ĺ⡣
΢ѩһᣬ־·ܡ
һˣʱȪΧĽƣ˴š΢ѩһᣬɴཫҲˣֶߡ
ջֵʱ򣬲ԶݴԺȻһ£΢ѩһ̳˭
ɨݴԣ΢΢ɿӦòزˣ·ʲôС
ïܵĲݴԱزһֻ޵ĴѩС˳ԥһ£̽ǰһ
΢ѩûγıɫͫһ˿âɼߵȪߣͷ˲΢ѩڰߵ֡
΢ѩ
΢ѩָֻ΢̲סɪһ£Ȫ֮ʲôûӦȻ˼뵰
Ȼִ֮΢ѩûվȣһµˮ밶Զɷһ˵²ҪˮˣˮŴֻͨһŰ޺ԥˮ
΢ѩһůѩǴˮðͷצסݵ֫һëޱ˹ѹʯϡ
Ϥھ࣬һƬս΢ѩϿյѩĵطи
ѩǽֻǰצѹͷһʲôĶ΢ѩԺհһ˲һдӼֱϣһ飬ѿڶ飡



26
У ΢ѩѩĬȻţ þò
ͣ΢ѩȴ˻ һʱŻָ侲 γɢ
ߴýѩֻǰצͷ צСĵ ʣů档
Ȫˮģ ѩúܽ ë˳ˮƮ زļ 仹һë޵Ĵβͣ ִֵβͼ⹴࣬ ֵش
̽ ֺá
ͺס
̤˭ܶס
ס
顣΢ѩ̧֣ѩצצϣ ܵĴУǿһĳ嶯 ɿҡȥ
ѩǰؿΣȻ˹ Դһ£ ܿ뿪Ƭ̼䣬 ΢ѩþһů ʪĴݼţ һƬս
΢ѩĿſգ
̫֪ʲô
һ˵ԥƿ˴ѩǣǿ򶨣Բʯײˮϡ
ȶרע׷ɨ¶ļ֮ջǡ
΢ѩŬߣҴ£һץ½ǿסƬ⣬˿
û뵽ĺ⣬׼½ʪ˶һԣҲûٴ¸ˬţǿһ£ĺ˵
ˮѩˮʱΣߵ΢ѩߣʦ
΢ѩ˶񣬻عƽصôͻȻˣ
ĺ΢΢ס׵΢ѩɢңˮ߲ΣˮʱҪĶ
Ǵλ޺΢ѩʪ֕iģڳݸϣ΢ѹһ¡һͷʳ֪ζ޲ҹ
΢ѩܾһÿڲ²⡣
Ϊʲô΢ѩΪ߸ϵɾͽ·ðӦط
ؽաʦšǡɱ
ֻβϳ˴̵ǣĥ΢ѩ̶ȣСβʹһ΢ѩ΢ѩֽشһ£ٴһ£һһ£ԽԽ
ȻΪ΢ѩҪŭʱյõĳͷǲ᲻Ϸ
ĺһûʦˡ
΢ѩദ꣬Ļ£̫΢ѩϲʲôˣȻֻһ仰㿴΢ѩɫˡ
ĺһûΪԷİݺöɢԽң賤
ֱա
ñҲӵ΢ѩ
ĺ鲢ûз֣ϻڷԥš
ѾԷβͣ׾ؽȦˡ
΢ѩȷʵˡ
ϾԼͽܣԸ񴿺˳˴£Ҳѭѭգúý̵
ǰͦε괹ͷԣ·ĴȮ΢ѩһϸķַѵĴȰ̾ϵ´ļͷԭҲʲô¡ֻ´βҪˣ
ĺüΪʦϲ𣿡
΢ѩⲻϲϲ⡭
ĺʣǵŪʦʦ𣿡
΢ѩҭһ£
ͽܣһ쵽ʵʲôⰡȻȥһ£ϵʵһ¡ȵȣ治
΢ѩ˱ۣϵ֮ԺҪٲҾҪطˡ
ʦҪôӣ
΢ѩĪýĺеѲ
һ£Żȥ¹ؽգһ¡
δ־ͷЩĿڵţҪ֪ڸģ͹ذ¡Σ㲻ܷ
ǵԺϰʦЩĺ
΢ѩ
˵һѶǰ״ˡ
һ紵°ڣֱꡣ
΢ѩڣֻ쬵ģڡ¶ĳʶһ½ֺȡһԴң˵̣ˣȥ˵Ȼȥɣȥ
Ƶ˿ӰŰ˸ɾҴһϡ
µʱزʲôʲôһ£̻ͷѭȥֻһֻȸ֦ϷȵƬҶƮƮơ

΢ѩһȦΧϧ޷̽ʲôͬѰ
ϣе㵣ĺ飬ҴһصȪˮУû꿡ͦӰ
ֺˡ
Ƿŵĸоĺ뿪ʱ˽ưɡ
΢ѩŲվԭأؽΪ̫æûõ췭룬ĺվĵطͣһᣬŷ˷䣬ת뿪

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ȪϣĺվԭأһĿ΢ѩ뿪ˮ
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ҲȻ΢ѩûƽơ
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̵̽һҧֱӽݵһ仰˳ĺ飬Ϊʦô㲻һƾʲôʦۣ
ĺһԲ˵óȻұܣͷܿ߳亹
㲻ڵһ£΢ѩѹǵ㣬ֻ޸Ӱˣʲôʲô˵ܺԸ
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־䣬Ƚˡ
Ŀڱû͸İ̺۱ƣٰµ˿ڱ¶ֱݺһ̡
ʹ飬Ѫ졣
ѹõĺȻ֣ĺڱıԵʢŭ֮£ٲ׾飬Ҫ
ǳȻ֪ϸǱˣֶŲ
ȻܵԽڽ⻮ӣֱһѪܵ˺ۣʹ֮£ԽԽ죬ǲ˼
ϲһΣñ³;ϲڶΡֻɱ㣡ɱһΣҲɱڶΣ
ǰ磬ͻͣסˡ
ĺŷĳѹȣ꣬һһʣʱϲңֺʱɱҡ
ˣ鼱֮˵˻
ȻŷӦԼ˵ʲôһʱǣٷתβȣȻһ˲䣬ĺȰ׼ݵضס󾱣һ䣬ؽȪرߣ
ϥǴѰʹУ˵ɱǿЦĳЩٿðͷȻɫҰףѹƲסŵؾгĺ飡ң
ĺͷȪƽط·ֻ׼ɱֻѼӸϼӲˣΪβҡ
ƽƽ˵꣬Ҫ;ıʦȪƳʲôһ
ûӰӡ
ˮûгȻӰӣ
Ȫϵ类ǵĽɢˮ峺ܲľӰɼĺԼҲӳУüֺۣ
ΨŵĳȻӰ
ȻĺĶɤۣץᣬûһĺ֣ʩչṦһ̴Զȷĺ״󣬲ͣ½Ųת
ĺû׷վңң
ȻԶԶģŴֱѪ£Ǳѡ
ĺ飬ϸһĨŹֵЦݣſڣĺ飬ǡİ



27
ͬСɣ Ӱ˵鶼Ҫţ һʱСӣ æµ
΢ѩԿУ ʦֵÿæҹܼؽһЩ ʱ̳ʵ˺ܶࡣ
һ ûȥĺˡȪһ ʦͽͺ֮ дĺԺ滮ģ ֻҸˡ
ĺͳȻ˶ڽԵϣ ǶҪεģ չصıչأ ׵ף пվʦֵܶսþ춯ء
΢ѩο˿̿ͬʱ Щ΢ɻ
ʦͽͺǰĺ黹ģ ɿڷˣĺҲǧţ л۴ЩԵĸ
ôͺú ĺ鷴͡ء
ڹͽ ҵҪ
΢ѩ˯ʱ żĺݵĲ裬 ĪЩȻ
ˣ˭ء
ԺδŲǧ塣
ɵæº󣬽ڿʼ
ڹ㿪ɽţӭ˷ֵͣúܡ
΢ѩǧҲӭ
΢ѩһ¾ǰ
Űţָ΢ѩ󣬵𿹾ܣ̽һ
΢ѩס
ֳһƼϸһʶСض΢ѩڣѭѶȥ
΢ѩ̫ˣҲֻӣԽӣԽȡԭаܵһ˿󣬲֮ǰĸɬ
ݰѾõľȻأڸѷ϶һĨ⡣
ϸ΢ȷʵǳϣ
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һ΢ѩæջȻѾˣϺȻ̽һ˿·˯бѵޣֺݵشһ
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΢ѩǺһ£
Ҳô
Եһµ⣺Ǹ⡭
׷ʣô޻ǻޣ޼ˣоΣ
΢ѩش𣬹Ҷνµӿвμӵģ˼
򣺡ء
ĵز²⣺ǲǴͽܣϻ˳Ͱѻ޵ĹһݣһƵ㣬ôƵģ޻ǻ޶á
΢ѩһΣյۡ
˵ãһ˵úõĹͽܣôˣ춼ûԹĺ飬ǻزҩ
ҷ̽ȷʵָ֤õġһο²Ҫ׼ʱΡЩ޾͸ˡ
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΢ѩ˹ؿҪٸͽܽЩеûģԺ󶼽ССͦġ
˰Σ̾ˣҲ˵ǡ˵ģܳɹζͨģͽܼΪ㣬ǳʦͽޣǱʲôĸԸ
ͨ
رܵ鱻˵ص˳΢ѩһʱԡ
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΢ѩΪĺ֮䣬Ǵʦͽ飬ദڵͨĵز
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ǱʶȻȻؾͽ˶ԷһִûУ·飬ٵĩβԼԼһ˿ϤС
΢ѩϵָԾһ¡
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Ȼܿ챻˹
Ȫ֮ĺ˽˺ƤˣȻڸ˼ڴǰǰѵܹ
ر΢ѩǰ
ͦΣ仹һһľʦַ緶
лһ뷨ʵ٣ֶʦֵҹദԽԽ
ǳԸ񣬻·
ǣ۵в֮ɫһܿջ°Цޣ˲΢㣬츳ѣʵĺͽܡ
΢ѩû©Ĳ죬һûټ˵˼תͷȻȻѹϷ˶սʱϽ˹
΢ѩȻȥɡ
ȳȻˣתͷů֣ôСȻʲô𣿡
ˣ򲻱ѹžȣͽܣҲδ̫Щ
˰ôʣ벻ʵģɴüֱˡ
ǵ΢ѩҲЩϸ΢覴ãȻȻûУһ˿һûУûɡ
΢ѩû뵽𰸣һ㶣ʲô
²Ҫʲôҩ²ˣԼչɡһǵһμôˣ˵ǴͽܸҪټʶһ¡
΢ѩ˵ǴͽأҪ˻ˡ˵ĺ顭һ£˳ڣСȻҪ㲻Ҫɡ㣬ʲôԻҩ
Ҫʲô
΢ѩǰ쿴п档
ûϸ˵ʵΪоڰ鼮˵ĺͺ󣬿ܻر꣬ѹסԣʧȥǻ
ĺȻڿŻһءб޻ɡ
Ĺ㣬Ҳ˽⣬ҩУ˵ҪԣҼǵиӡ

Ȼ΢ѩǶ󣬲ûŻס
ظܵϸ΢Ĳ˼һ£յרűٳ˾סӭȥ
ӰΣ˲㱡ֻ
ӭϵˣбŵĵӣҲŵĵӣ
ȻƫƧС·ţôܰٵսǴʱȻϸĽŲ˽ӲԶ
ݣȻһȥĽŲ˻Ϣ
ŵĵӣСţҾҪϳˣ΢ѩɾͽĺ飬Ϊĵûףеš
ԱǸȰοû£Ҳ
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˶٣յ˺ߴٵߣѹص˵ʵǸ
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꣡˵֮ĵæСҲʱģûͷûβϢҲ֪ﴫģˣɲҪ˵ȥ
ܰɡ΢ѩɾµһնаħôһΪͽܣ
ǣҲòܣĺǰ΢ѩɾӣһ׵İɡ౰ɣ䡣
ѽ˭֪ء
ӺܿԶ
Ȼεſյ󣬲Ҵ⣬˽ţŸȥƸһ·ˣʦֶˣ
ϵǵԽ䡣
㿴治Һˣһģ΢ѩĿ֮£ܵڰ㡭
ܵɱԽԽأȻս˽ʱҪļƣڰıԵ̽߾ȫؼĺĶ⣺Ҳ˵ĻԲԣȻϴҲŹҡȻ㲻Ҳûϵȥ̽
ǻỤ㣬ǻᣬס
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ĬȻջֻ֣֨һ죬׳ŭУ۶ϣȻࡣ
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֪Ȼ˭ֻ֪Ȼڿ΢ѩ֮Ĺϵ
̲סҪϵˡ
ĺ̵ر˱ۣתȥ

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һ˽۵΢ѩһȺ˿ۻᣬӲʣǧ˸徲
ڶձԴῪʼ΢ѩ˷ĺһԣʰһȥ˱Գ
ͽܴأΪʦȻҪȥͽӡ
ϵǣԿ쿪ʼˣĺ鶼ٳδ֡
΢ѩֵһᣬ̲סƫͷʳȻʦأôδ
Ȼûԣ΢ѩԹ˳Ӧʦٳǰ˵Щʣʱ붨һ£Ӧÿˡ
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ʧءС
΢ѩסһ֡ǰ㣬Ȼȥһ̧֣Ȼʦˡ
΢ѩʶͷպÿĺض°ԣɵԾϱ̨ںʵλվ
Գκĵݣڣ΢ѩɾ£ĺ顣
Ǹܵ΢ѩעӣ̨ϵתͷģƽ
΢ѩĪƽ˵ʲô̫Զˣû塣ֻ´һ£ĺ鰲Ȼⲻ΢΢ɿԭλ
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΢ѩ鼮üͷ΢ĥŻǵȱˣ̵ķӣĺԤȵһ塣
Ժܿ쿪ʼ̨Զ֧ϣֹս̨¡
վĺĶǸŴĶ֣Ŀ࣬⣬ʮ׳ʵžӲʵ·ӵġ
ĺ΢ѩһ޵ὣսЩԿ᲻أӲһ£Ҫֱԣȡɡ
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һʱ֮䣬Ӱ⽻ϣ֮ƣĳأĺ࣬˿ˡ
΢ѩ֪ĺʵڻ£΢ѹԳȻСȻ밢鶼޵ὣֱ֣ӶϣҪȡʤġ
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ԭƽɫսֶȻбڳʱȲ
ڲĺҪˡ
ȻλƵѡӲӲķʽЩǷס
ȷˣ¦ֱ¿ӵģƵ˵ʵѾܲˡ
ʵսɣûǴĻƵѽŶʮ꣬ǳҲѹ֡

ĺ˰벽ۣһƬ־䶼壬ȻţֻעͣפԶλɾϡ
΢ѩᵣ𣬻ǡ
ұ£ѹƵѪʼĺһڲԥʱһƱ۵˿˿Ʋ˶Ĵ
һ˲һǼӲʴ£ȻѣϢػ촷ۣ
ͻսǴһᣬΣ֮£ֻһƬӭصѹȸн˶ԭأá
ĺޱ̧֣ŨںڽЮޱɱ⣬Ǵ㽫͵ɱ
̫ͻȻ˶Ӧ
ǧһ̣֮ƿնһѩɫӰɺ裬˲ϢԶԾϸ̨Ȼѩɾһתϸ͸ĳɸסĺɱ⡣
һӣĴ˸̨
ڣǲµľƷȻХ죬˶Ĥʹ
΢ѩֱһ飬Щִ֣½⣬ڸ̨ϣǻ˸ʹ纣ӿѸٴȫ
кתѹեһ˿ѿʹ鲻
ˡ
΢ѩҶٶ۵Ʈͷ
̨֮µľ·öңԶˣ΢ѩѹֵشϢţʱʱɢ
ͷԾɵߵˣǿ̧ۣѵһ̣顣



28
΢ѩԼǶӲﳶˡ
ֻʣһƵʶ ǿ年ţһ֪
Ĳ֪ںδ ޱʹЮ һ⡢۶ϣ һ 䣬 ֧顣
һҩû£ ͷͽ͵ؾţɫҺ԰׶ѪɫĴ ˳°ͻ䣬˳Ⱦѩ½²ҵӡǡ
ĻƮƮģ һ̣ ޴ǻһƬУججֲ֪룬 ʱɢģ
΢ѩƬãп˺ܶೡҲֱ治⾿ļ仹ԭľ ʲôʱ䷢顣
̫ˣǶڲ ʶ粻壬 ֻܱȵؽЩ棬 Ҳ˼
Ӱζ ߹ܶϤס
΢ѩлУ ʶظǰһ޶İϡ
ʱڵ΢ѩ
΢ѩϲСβʦлۣܣÿҪЩ»״ĴѶƼҪѹɽš
˳ͤÿμˣβҪġ
ǵʦ𛳳ɾȥΪ´ӵĹ˳ͤڵȨˣҲտСʦܵΡ
΢ѩ⣬ִ֪ģбˣҲбöԷķڷҹ˳ͤ״ģҲһеĿβ
ÿι˳ͤ޿κΣ΢ѩʦܣͲܵ͵±˲Ǻ㣿
˳ͤС֪ԼΣʶȣʵڲʦܺ޲÷츲صӡ
΢ѩڷԣƯĻȡ
ɶеʻϢЦģʦ֣Թأ͸óʱڶһ飬ȻԺⲻ٣ûܳƤķ̸ˡ
Ǵ΢ѩɾ¡

΢ѩһֻݹ᾵С̡
Сģһжܷ裬΢ѩ˸ָߣ˺ö죬ǿõСһ׽
˵׽ʵҲֻצӴ΢ѩ
·һСϻªջֻһŴ齣΢ѩСĽ˯Сë˴ͷ˱Ǹϡ
ôӽС̺ܽţëըˣ־ִٵܣ΢ѩ᲻ص⣬ŵֻǶסˡ
΢ѩˣ֣Թ˯
С̽ؿãСرۣڴϣ΢һͻȥλá
΢ѩϢ˰ģּ֮СŲסľѣǽ˯ˣ΢΢С࣬ϸ紵СëƵĲġ
ֻ΢ѩ˴ҹβ͡Сһβ̫ˣ˯˯ž˦˽֮⣬ڴ齱ߡ
ҹ纮
ڲ֪Сһβ֮΢ѩ˼һ˲ϽСһڲ࣬ߵλá
Сصؽۣ΢ѩɫ°ͣС̵ĺ󾱣ͽˡ
΢ѩԾ˯þ˱СһǺãҪ֣ë޵ĴβͺȻ˶ʶؾϣˡ
С̵ëǺ绪аĴС
΢ѩ󱻲ģ˯СһĿ⽥Ҳû֣Ť˯ˣСһһϵ
һͬ˯
ҹкܶܶࡣ
ֱһһǻصڣС̳ɹٴλκ󣬲ڽ
ȻĺãȻΪʲôС̵ʱܺ΢ѩ˯˾Ͳء
Ѿ΢ѩˣڼʦ𡱵ˣûܹů
ůᡣ
ҹ΢ѩĴ
΢ѩ΢΢Щ㵣ת֪ô£ҡҡͷȻѾʦֱˣԼ˯ɣʦͽҪʦͽĹء
Сʵûءʲô΢ѩľܾſڣ΢
ѧ΢ѩɾȻǰİһҡͷ
ʦʱ˵ģԺóʲô
Сסˣԥţʦ𡣡
ƺԺİԭЩ⣬΢ѩǳοЦݣȻͲˡ
ûô΢ѩ
ֻ
ĸԶ򵥣ĺס
С۰Ͱ͵ؿ΢ѩ΢ѩЦˣҲŸҪӴȥ΢ѩֽһƣƵ˼ع˴
˱մСסˣĵû΢ѩ۽ˡ΢ѩŴЩƣȥ˯ɡ
ĲˣҲĺס
СƵӦ˶ˣԭͣžǸβŶӣյëû˼Сë

ããƵĻԽԽңƬνһ𣬷ֲʱȺ󣬸Ӱһѷӿ΢ѩʶʹࡣ
˿鵤̧°ͣ˳˳ͷ³¡
鵤ڼ˳һ·£ķΣһԻϢʹС
΢ѩƮĻһ˻ǿָһ˿ѡ
ȻƷ鵤Ҳǲ
ǵֻһ˲ͱݽѾõȿֺ˸ɾԽܡһƬɺԵѵأһθЧ΢쵽ޡ
΢ѩһţʮָɪɪţſʹͺʴʶѵۣƤǧ֮أã亹Ӷͷ߳һει䣬ʪ
ϤӺңԶĵطй˳ͤģл۵ģģͽܡ
΢ѩϡϳͽ֣ȻʲôѿţҪ
Ȼ̫ˣʹܿ죬ܾͰ
ֺܿ죬һϤϢֹ
΢ѩʶĺˣʦͽµܸ߳ʱӿôһ˲ѹʹ࣬ЩͷＷɳƵľܾ顭
˵ҪȻûü˵ָ꣬⣬Ӵһů˹һӻйļ䡣
΢ѩţܾĻͱҧڳݼ䡣
þһ˿ѹסҪѿڶһ̾Ϣ
ÿһɿݵڵȴŵõϣе궯΢ѩ־
΢ѩ԰ױָ˲΢΢ĺֱԿƵġ
Ȼãûȵһء
΢ѩڻججУ߶ֹͣȻңһĺ뿪һȴĺ鱧
˶Ҫѿˡ
ĵָ⻹ԴԴϵض˳͵֧תš
ļԶʵһΣԿ̹ģһӦϤԷɡ
΢ѩڱıԵƳһ˿Ŀǻɵۣ顭
Ұ
ΪʲôҲҲ
Ǳѹ壬΢ѩԶƵðͷĪίί糱ˮӿӯѡ
ίüͷβʪˡ
صȴУĵָ뿪ˡ
ɾů¸޳ǽڷָشָ䣬ʮָۡ
սܲɷ֡
۵ϴɹĺϢ֣긩յߣһָֻš
΢ѩű䣬ȡ
΢ѩ̵һɪ޲˲ۣȻ̧صƤỽǳ
ʦ𡭡
ૣ·𻹴һ˿ãʦǰɱʱҲ𣿡



29
ʦǰɱʱ Ҳ
ᣬ΢ѩУ ھ׺
ĤҪˡǰʲôɱʲô⣿
ӿͷ ΢ѩԺհһƬ ʹңٶ˺ܾã ûĺ龿˵ʲô
ĺһ Ҳû˵ֻͷͷ֣ ΢΢ۣ֮ӿ ȥڡ
嵭ϤѬϢ΢ѩܿʧȥ˼ʶĺ黳 ɶԷڲ
Ϊ̫ˣ ޵Ĺ̸Ѱ
ĺϴλҪȣ ʹڣ £Ѻϸ޸
ζʹ飬ٰ尾 ΢ѩ޲ ѹֶشϢţ ָţ סĺָò԰׶Ѫɫ
񱻶϶
һűǵļһ˿
΢ѩһѾĸУʧȥǵ룬һ̻ˣڰըըը÷ǡ
ʣһƬңӰƮ£ãȻȲŵء
̵һӵ
ʹ֮Уÿÿӿϯȫ
΢ѩ˵ܻޱʪ󣬳ӯˮ飬Ҳ֪Ǻˮˮ߶С
ֲ֪ʱɿĺ½ʧ䣬࣬ݵ·һ־ۣϱˮһ㱡
ˡۣڻջǰ߾ȫؾܾ̫ˡȥ
ĺţ΢ѩŻشţһֻԾ΢ѩʮָ̧ۣʱƳ΢ѩմҩͺˮ½󣬺Ȼðۼˡ
˲ġ
ӦȻѩȾ˳
ĺеһֻ׾ٵؽ⿪΢ѩ´뽫۵°뿪Ȼ۵ˡ
ҲһǣһֱӽѶϿֶϡ
³Щѩ׸ɾ
ĺĿɫصӶԱãڵͷĴ΢ѩϸľߣ÷·ૣһԼҲûʶĿ󣺡ʦɱҡ

΢ѩһ˯ذ֪ʱա
ٴλָʶʱֻû̯࣬ڴϣǲԼ
ᵭĹ͸Ƥ۵ףܰš
УĲʵС
΢ѩûۣٶ۵չѾõĴԣҵļ佥ӵ׷
׳˫˫ʱ˴㵵ľ˳ͤĺлӲ߶߶Ϊѵ˵ֻܺͽ
С
ʦǰɱʱҲ
ʦɱҡ
΢ѩ
΢ѩ
Ҳɲȥо𣬺֪ظеꡣ
̫֫ǣδһƬ飬һϢص¡
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仰Ϣ̫ˡ
ĺô˵Щ
ǰɱ
иͷ΢ѩѲ뵽һܡĺǣģ
һԭ飬ԭ΢ѩɾһĺ󣬲ġԲŻ˵ʦɱĻ
ס
ʲô
΢ѩⷢ࣬Ҳ֪Եʱձ˶ٿҩĸƢζڲ
Ѿ³һҪϸϸ˼źȻƿս۽һΣ΢ѩ˼ϣʶͷƼһɫӰ
лۡ
Ǳˡ
΢ѩ˿ͬʱĪĺ顣
ϻʱô˻ţأ
ʦ֣էһݣ΢ѩһۣл۵ľϲҪӣһס΢ѩ֣ʦˣ𣿻𣿿ڿ𣿡
һʺѿڶ΢ѩûüش۽Ƴſ߽ˣֱǹ˳ͤ
˳ͤʱ΢ѩȻشŹػȵĽŲҲԾӿ졣
ֻǸʺ򶼱л˵ˣĬȻƬ̣ߵ΢ѩ齱ߣ³һظģ΢ѩʦܡ
һӹлм伷ѽһлѣͷãҸѸ
һʱ·Ĵȴ΢ѩʵС
˳ͤ۵΢΢࣬л︡ŵѪ˿һţ˲򶼹ǡ
΢ѩۿȣſڣһʱ֪˵ʲôաҡ˸ͷͣá
һ߸һϸ۲ɫŵͽ޵Ч̻ˡ
΢ѩſֹģڲ²⣺˵ʲôͽܣ
ûС
ллġ
ģĺ顣
΢ѩϣ˵ô֮ǰҪĺˣһ̧ۣſڹһ
ͦεվҩѣңңԣƬ̺۵׸ĪĹâ
͵ͻʦ𡣡
΢ѩ
ٵ硣
ٵľ顣
ٵľͲܸһ㻺ʱ𣿣



30
ĺ鰾ҩʱƵúܺã ΢ѩȵʱ ¶ȸոպá
Ϊ˱ҩЧҩﲻܼǣͷ飬 ƽʱ΢ѩܻ߾ܵһ£ Ȼҩѣȴһԣ ԹԵغš
ż޴멣 ĺġ
˵˹˳ͤ Ĭվšڳ΢ѩϵ׽ԶҲ
΢ѩĲɵҩ ⱻൽʧȥ֪̣ ûţ ̧ĺ顣
վڲԶ ʱ ᶯ˶ Լһ˿Ϥıɫ
΢ѩͷ޶˶һ£ ʱڶԷƯ޷԰εΡ
ӿ˳ȴһܶơ
õջߣ µؼͷҩֻҲˣĺߺƽȴĪֳѹȣϻ𡭡
ס롣
ҩѿҪף΢ѩҴҼں꣬ҩѵݸл۷ȥϣˮ˿ڣüͷ˺һǿѹ¿ɬ˿˯˶ˣ
ɤӾδ˵Щɬһ滺һɤӡ
Щһֱڰѵ״̬ΨһȽѡ֪ģĺ޵ʱֲ̣ҹ
˯ˡ߰죿ʮ죿
΢ѩһ֣Ӧòࡣ
Ȼлֻµҡҡͷ̾ʦ֣˯ˣԴᶼˡ
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΢ѩһ㶣΢΢㵣ôã
ʲôԥһ£ʣ졭
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˳ͤл֪ۡĺʵݡ
֮ǰ΢ѩûһ£룬Ķ͸ŲԾ
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ⲻ˸ʱը
΢ѩֻ֮ܽԭ⣬˳ͤŻῴԼʦܵϣĺ˿ݡ
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Щ²֣ƫȱ˸ӽǹ
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΢ѩǰ仹пɣⲻ䣬ʱһڣʲô
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͡
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л۴ʧɫιȥæͷοʦֱ𼱣ʦֶ뿪þͱˣǶȥѰҡ
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ˡ
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ǣѵĺһʦͽ飿
΢ѩҲԼʲôǰһʹ˷³ޡ
ԭЩĪļ䡣
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һ£״µ̾Ҳ֪СȻôˡ
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ʾ֭⣬ͼ̽ʲôȻ⣬ܼʱĺԽԽɫҲܿÿÿȻ֣һֵ
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ʦлʦ壬֮ǰֱʹӣ浽һԸԸʦϼɵ¡ĺӵĻشԸ⡣ֻǲ֪ʦĴ𰸡

أʦִӦ𡪡ϡ
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΢ѩҲ֪Ǹӡʦ𣬱ְЩ¾Ͳ̫ܡ
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֪뵽ʲô΢һ٣ϲԾƮһ˿΢ĲȻݼţȻʦǾͲˣܹվʦߵġʦֽʲô𣿡
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ͷ۳ף׹Ŀ׶ľϡ棺ʦǰ£Ϲҽ׹𣿡
лҪ˵ʦ𣨽ţģǲҪ
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31
Ϲҽ׹
΢ѩĴ㵲ûס 豭˼ڶ˶ µںȻˣýװͦõģ ¡
ָʶĦţŽ ﾪɲ
Ȼԭҽ׹ﱾи׹ͷ Ǵðģ
ܲ˯˯ˣ ӺͿ Լİɣ
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΢ѩˣҲ鷳
ת뽫 һ ȴл۰סˡ
лѵüʦҪĶ Ź ²غ΢ѩʽ
΢ѩִˣûֻ˳Ļ
л۽Žţ Ȼһ뵽ʲôЦ˵ǰʦֶûõʱȥѩɽʯ˵Ҫ׹ˡǻ


һؼʦôżССֻĺӣɷ˵ҩ壬Ѫģҩһ
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΢ѩ΢㶡
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΢ѩ˴۽ޡ
ٺԭɽʧܣϣһһŬı˱ˣȴҲûյСͽܵ

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ֱĺɫ٣ܻ谵һƬµСյɢӯӯâ֮ء
ֱĺ϶Ȼߵߣһַֻסֱۣһֻסϥϵ֣
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򴽣ƫͷӴĺγǵߣʹغ顣
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΢ѩȴͻȻĬˡ
лʱӵɻĺ飬ȻڿˣĪʲˡ
΢ѩüֺܿɿҡҡͷ߰ɡ
վΪ̫ˣ飬վһģһѣĺһֱûһͷԵϡ
΢ѩ̹Ƭѣվˣ˿˵һߣӺȻһᡣ
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ﰲ͸ǲˮ뱭Уĺ
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΢ѩĴͦοʵıӰƬ̺󣬲ĺתǰһ˲ջߣ
סһĨȻ

Դ֪ĺģԼϡȷ˵ԭҲţ΢ѩľڰա
ʵ׽͸ĺ˼ÿμ˳ɵ꣬ʶȥԷһһȥ²Էͼ
ʱһۣʼ뷽跨رܿĺ顣
ȴ֪ΪΣûԶոһյع׽΢ѩп಻
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΢ѩ̲ס˼롣
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΢ѩҶůڵķ紵ŵش˸Ƿӿ
ɽһƬδȫʢţţڷҡҷţ΢ѩ˰ΣƵ̾˿ϣۡ
⼸Ϊ˱ܿĺ飬ԶɽĻƬ̰
ߵһʼδڽһг˿˳֮ǰ֪ôĺ顣
΢ѩԺСһᣬ˯Ѽ䣬Ȼоֱůůġ
ʲôůĶһֱ¹
΢ѩȻһ͵ƫͷһѩ׵ëѩ޵Դڲͣ²䣬Ƕ͡
һ˲ŷӦګګ飿
´ʶѩǵĶ䣬ӴѩǵԴջ֣
Ȼѩһ֧ӣֻǰצ΢ѩͷ΢΢һ΢ѩֱƵϣߴѩѹš
ѩִ֪磬ȻǴſ΢ѩϣʵֻѹţĿƵؿµˡ
ΣŵͷʪıǼ˲΢ѩգֽԴ΢ѩߣĥĥ䡣
޵ë΢ѩ΢ѩǺ࣬΢ѩ۹ƳֻëǶ䣬ӽһ˲
˭ס
Ƕס
΢ѩЩͽأȴ޷Ƶػ˴ѩϣָΪᣬһëӺ󾱵
˿˳ëָ䴩΢ѩĶëһš
ͬһˣ˸̬԰Ρ
΢ѩʣôܵˣ
ĺ鶼ڰѰҳȻټ΢ѩ룬ʣҵСȻ
䣬Ǵһ̣ѩǲӦֻͷǴһƬʪˮ
΢ѩԴհһ˲ñ¹ĵطһ˻𣬻ջǵġ
һæƿѩǵԴҲ˷ʲôЩ˳ʲô
ѩǱɫӰƬ̣΢ѩ޶˼ӿһЩĪһУʲô
ɿ֣ǿż˳ëëس嶯ҪһʦӣѩޱΣѩһۣȻתء
һỳһգ΢ѩָЩʧ䣬ͿѩתߵԱߣͷһҧһִ֧֦ջ΢ѩǰ֦ġ
һ֦δȫĻĻ濪˼Ƭʣµ԰һ
΢ѩԣӹ֦ô
ˡδڣǻ֦ѩעɢ͵Ĺâһ˲Ļ꾡չ¶ͷϸΡΡڻС
һ
ţɽҰĻҲʢ
ǧɽһƬ֣һƫڲͬʱһƬʢˣһƬŸðǶ䣬ʱһƬˣһƬźš
΢ѩǰĺɽʱźضСͽ˵ϧƬͬʱʢȻһ
ȻҪܱ紵һƬ꣬͸Ưˡ
ڣ΢ѩȻ𺳵ˡ
ĺǵصӿȥƬÿһ䶼ſһĻãʵĿ
΢ѩ·ξҲʵС
ã֮»عĺ黹ԴԴϵ΢ѩ۵򴽣
ѩһۣ˺󼸲ûţתһͷ˻С
΢ѩһ㶣飿
ƬɫУһѩ޸ۡ
ܿ죬ͱûˡմ꣬ͻΪһ壬΢ѩҪϸҼһŻᶯĴ
졭ͯδ
צݻ
΢ѩɻţǴӻ˻һԾ΢ѩϡ
ֲɵĲӣߵ֦̽ͷϡ
֦ѹ΢䣬΢ѩͷе㵣᲻̲סӣˤˡ
ͷǻ꣬ԭëɫֻһ˫ɫۡ
һ٣Ȼһӡ
ǡ΢û׷䣬һƯĻ꣬£һΡ
ĵĻﱻʵ֣΢ѩ˲ʧ
ŷɢĻ꣬ͷ֦ͷİӰһʱʧ
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һһ£ȴܳأѵǻ
л
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ڲŷ֣Ķǲһġ
΢ѩͷѩǶӣɬůۡ
ĺڡ
Ϊʲô
һ𣬸ӵֱ治壬˵ʲôζ
ѩǴ֦ͷһԾ£ڼˤ΢ѩʱɵһһԡ
âһѩǲӰȡ֮ϤӰ
ĺ鵥ϥ齱ߣ͵һʦ𡱣ƾҪ
΢ѩۼֿ죬ֵͷȵȡ˾Ͳܱˣ
ĺüΪʲô
Ϊʲôѩ飬Ϊʲôԣ
ĺ˼֡ǴӺζʦᱧѩǣΪʲôҡ
һ𡭡΢ѩʶӿڣ˵ر죬ֳٶ۵ʶһ⡣
Ժиڷ
ﲻһˣǣˣǰ
һȼžֻ紵ػ꣬ϸ΢
һĨã΢ѩ۵ףһ齣ƿǰ꣬ƲסңȻҡȻȥˡ
ִ٣ЬĵʱЩǿ򶨵վҪߣֱװιһ£½΢
΢ѩҴҳ䣬ģһᣬߣŲͷɫسһ
һתͷߣŲҴңʼĻң˵·˵Ķӡ
Ųͣˡ
΢ѩŴŬȥƯıɫͫҲȥöĵĻһ·ǴػصӴ΢΢Ϣţ½Ų̧ȥ䱡
һŲ΢ѩ̧ۣųƣǡôɽ´Ͷ
̴˸кأùˣ뿪ţȥʲôˣô㣬ҲһƬˣ
´½㣬һдſϷĴ˹
΢ѩ³һ̫üٵҲƽ
ţֻز׽뿪֣Ĭһᡣ
⽥ʲôҪľм¡æ
ɻ΢ѩһͣһ£ؿڣ¡
򣺡
򣺡
лҪ˵Сȱȣ뱧Ŵ˯
18ĸ£ʱæͺûüдлorzԼԺʱٶİǽ5kˣҳ



32
΢ѩ˵Ҫ£ ˵·
ȻĻ ֹ΢ѩüͷ壺лֱ˵ǡ
˸ָһ°ڣ Ժ£ʾ΢ѩ˸ һƵ˯ܣСͽֿܹġ
û˯ú˵΢ѩ ֣ ֽӷã δޡ
ľһ˼ҿָòƴ궼ٷ ΪѾ˸ȫءôСͽ˵˰Ϊϡ
ƽʱп۵ˣ ĺ ҲǸ΢ѩƵĵߣ쵹ѵʵؿһ䣺ͽǲġ
΢ѩüᶯ ΢΢һ㶡
µľ ôһ˲Ķҡ Խᶨ
һȭ ɿ΢ѩԺһ뷨˵˳Ҫҩڣ һȥȻ󡭡
΢ѩһϲˡ
ȵؽܸͻ¼ˣ⿪ЩɻŪȥࡣ
Ҳĺֿһʱ䡭侲һ¡
еѿزסԼˡ

ȻѾ΢ѩ㿪ʼɵ׼һ˳ͤл۽һ
лһǡʦ˵Ķԡ΢ѩľû飬ֻ΢ѩһΣգһߣӾʰʰһȥ΢ѩºȴᶨסˡ
Ȱһᣬ΢ѩʼղ⣬ŵǵֹƬֵ̺ʦִŴѶƣǳ硣
΢ѩ׳ƺá
˳ͤҪл۶࣬Сʦ뿪󣬲ſڣ΢ѩʦܣ뿪ʦֶΣ
˼ϸ壬ٸܵ΢ѩϸ΢ĲͬѰƺʦֶйء
ʦܵ˽£ϸʣֻܺһ䡣
΢ѩĬˡ
Σų˿һ˵ȥҩһʱġʣģʦһ
˳ͤһۣÿɷúŵʦֲľֻǵãܺʱڶļңǡǻվߵġ
˳ͤѾܾûжԳƹʦˡ
΢ѩиͷȻһܵѹѹŵ˵ͷá

ʱ꼾࣬ģżն硣
΢ѩ뿪Ҳ⣬һҹûͣļơ
ĺһֳɡվ΢ѩ࣬ת֧ϣ˷ɽˮ飬һַ΢ѩ֣
ʦ𡣡ĺЩѹ֣΢ѩļһ̧ȥǡǡײĳУ֪ǷĴܸоƼһĨصúίĺء
鱣ء΢ѩ˲֣תĺֱģ״ֻȥҩСסһʱ䣬ܿͻ鲻صġ
Լɽš
˳ͤл۵ҲңңվţʦͽЩ롣
΢ѩƳһȦΧһ£㽫ɡбһ¡
ĺֱϣָĳᣬǡýл˵ߵסȷܿǺ΢ѩ򴽣ǰֿرĺһ¡
ѵˮ
һ֡
ĺ۵׸㵣ûϵ΢ѩٶһʱɵ㶵ûüӦ΢ѩţǰֻһӣ̽Դº͵ЦЦ顣ȥɡ
յغܿԶ
Ϊ΢ѩٶĺһĲɣԺﷴ΢ѩǰǳЦʱƵƵ
ѾܾûмʦЦˡ
Ծɼ΢ѩ̬ɣĺزʲôˡ
΢ѩЦݺȻʵģƲʲô֪ܡ
͸
¶ģҪѹơǰļ䣬Ҫӵһʦ𣬿ʦ
ĵ׺طһ˿һ֮ĺһƫԤλãһϡ
ΧܵĽϺܼ̣֮ת־ĺ˼⣬⧲ײ˼ֽϣǿվȡ
Ѫӿ΢΢ۣЩ٣Ƭ̺ƫͷȳѪ
Ѫɫܿ볾ĺ黺˿Ҳû˼˼ɴ˶壬΢ѩĵط¡
΢ѩǰŵӺãôޣϺͨ޶ʱͨ˻ҪԴöȱ㾫ϸࡣ
ĺദ꣬Ŀζϰߣ֪ϲȲ裬ҪһЩģϲģһڵĸ㡣
ʱ򣬾ͻü䣬ʮ㡣
ĺӻ΢ѩƣűָĦͨѶĿھﷴӿֱѹ¡
һᣬغһתһ
ֲܴڣֻĥһǣʣ´߶ֲܴڣġ
ϸֱ棬ܸܵʼѣѵõĺֻǡ
ĺһǱĥĵطǴ֪ΪΣһƵĺ죬ͺѪͷδãһĨɫ
Լ﷭ģģģط·Щӡ󣬵ϸ벻֪ӺζҲ֪ԭԼǴʲô
ڳ˼һ紵ԶڵŴˡ΢ѩ뿪ʱûؽţֻţһͿ
ĺعû룬̧ȥҪ΢ѩϣ۽Ƴʲôٿһ١
һ˲ƿЩζ۵ס
ԭڴ齱ߵСҼˡ
Ǻüǰ΢ѩҪһëʱ򻹺ܷ΢ѩȻҽھܾϸ
΢ѩΣΪѵذ΢ѩһŵë
ȻڶͿ΢ѩëһСһ򵥵ĹҼ˴齱ϡ
ʱһ߳ܣ΢΢Щŭ֪ʲôʱСϸһ˿ʶ
ᡢܵһ˿ʶ΢Ӧ΢ѩĶ
Ӧ΢ѩҹûзɼֻʲô⣬Ȼʱ
ʦȥҩСסСҲ
ĺƬ̣漴ʶתʶȥӦ΢ѩĽų̣ʱӦǧ֮ڣӦΧ֮ڡ
ȻϵǣôӦСȻ١
ϷֱͿʼĲԽŨңĺ鱡ſԽҪϱӡ
һ˲ûסתֽȡģھ΢ѩ
΢΢ᵭİâȴǾþûж
ĺһ
ȻҲǼžһƬ΢ѩǱߺѶϢ
ʦһǳˡ
ͷ۶ǣĺ鲻ٳɣɫؽϺ󣬺ԥתؾ뿪ǧ壬һգֳۣɽţǰҩڵ·߶ȥ
ٶ̫죬ɽŴСӸûʶʲôֻһ紵һԼ¼Աʯϸ֣ųԾطӦ
ǧʦ֣
ôʱɽţ
֪

Ȼǲԡ
ĺȴ˼ֻ̫࣬ѭűܣһ·С
ؾǸʹüΪҲܣһδһһӲ߰˰⣬ס
Զϲżવǰš
ĺ鴭Ϣţ΢΢ѹ·ӿ磬˲Ϣǰһ˫۽ŻζҲطһϵϵһ
˻ȻֹĺƿӵֲԾЩΣһϡ
տҲ
ǱȻԵѩɾʱӰ
лҪ˵ԵܵСޡ



33
ɳ 档
յԶ ųתһª˳ͣһСǰ
ݳϺɵתת֣ ˼ȦϣԾ ڣˣ طˡ
к˴· ˳ڴкţ ֽ˼˰
ڶͷ³زһѺһ
ô٣Ҫȼſ𣿡
ƬޱߴĮһؿ봩Įˣ ػᾭǡȻҲôýģҪ˴ţ Ų·
űרŴ·ģ ÿһ磬ͻȥĳŽˣ Ǯͼʡ£ ÿζһ˲ſϳ
źٺһЦ ڵشվߣ صλ˺ر𡣡
·˱˺ģҲˣվһԣ ſλصĿˡ
ӻ˻Σһֻذɵ
ֻ̫ÿˣ޳ֹǽڷʯϾ뵽ֵ˻εľɫ
·򣬰һѲǸˡ
رԸǮƸ
ĿתؿţһɫǣذװƵ䣬һ͸
ϣֿˡ
һű˴ߵ
߽ϰڵʵʵֻ¶򦣬΢ɫ󵭵ƽ䳵󣬵˵䣬һתҲ֪Ķһö͸ʯݸ˳ߵŵš
˫ֽӹֳɫ⣬ʱüЦллϣߣСܴ̽ҪѶϢ
ָ˽СݣԱֵͣ·˶ʱЦԷǣ
ԭ˵ر𣬾رڽλر£

Сرµ΢ѩлŵָ·ѲһȦһſ
Сݴ߿ƽƽ棬ͷȴ
ճһǽϣǶöʯͶӰѶϢǼ˵ģƩ硰Ӱʯʮö̹šȪһȵȡ
֣ʮľˣǱصģҲͨ˺ޣΪľƬͶӰ
΢ѩһ߹۲һΧ˽ôһ¡
СݴžǸн鳡ʯͶӰǸ塣
߷ȥɸѡܣɺŶȡꡣ
΢ѩߵ̨ǰ
˸ߵĹ̨޸߶ѵϰɣҲ֪дЩʲôͷҲ̧ͺæš
΢ѩĵһᣬûȵϰһʱѾˣ˷ʱ䣬ָ̧ߵߵ棺ͷ¸ӡ
嵭͸ڸѩȪˮļ䣬ˬһƬ
ϰߵͷˣת˵Ļ̾˻ȥЦݵ̧ͷҪ
΢ѩϵߣֻٽЩЦҲ˼֣¸ʲôӣ
΢ѩ˲ϢľȤǳǻ
ϰµһ˲


Ļ
㵵ؿ΢ѩǲԼʲôͶ䣬ȷϵ˵һ飬ʲô
ǻ
ϰЦѾȫʧˣһܾĶģ⿪ЦɡĮﰡﻹбǻһȥҡ
˻֣ϣ΢ѩûֽ̧öɫľƷʯ˹̨ϣһ죬Ƶ𡣡

ǸǮɵԭˣ
ϰ΢ѩͣһ£Ų˾ƷʯϣƬ̺ȻֽöʯߣЦݸϣУȻִˣҾǼˡ
˾ɵɵֻ֪֪Ǯ׬Ĳɵӡ
ǻֺܿʾ˿һƬ˽
һģһ߿Զˡ˸մӹ̨ǽϱ˱ǻҲܲµ˭ˡ
΢ѩɸϣеضλϣ豭һڣ̫Ũˮ̫ͣúȡ
Ὣ豭ˡ
գۼ䣬һʱȥ
û˽
΢ѩԾɳȴ˼ˡ
֮ǰ֪ǻѰֻǱ΢ϣûײɻӡ
ûС
ȵ컹ûӣֻԼȥˡ
΢ѩڳ˼ţһõڶߣԭˡʲôҪǻ
ǰһϸӰ˻Σ档
΢ѩ̧ŷλŮ
ǲԭ˵òԭҲĴǰŮͦ䣬ԭ˹еںڣ峺ɫ
һֻ־żͷ黨״Сӣһߺش΢ѩ۵Զ׼ϲ㳤ÿʲôְ
΢ѩֱ˵Դһ˲ǰ˵ģǱȽĻº͵ЦЦû̫⣺򣬵һסǡ
ףŮ߶һ֣ԭźŨǿЩŹ̨̧̧֣°ͣҽǱߡ㻹û˵ΪʲôҪұǻأ
СϰŮ
΢ѩһɫ̽˵ǻҹţμصļ䡣
ȷʵĴ˵ҲĿġʼվԼļȱʧȻ޷ͽһ±ǻܲòȫȱ
ǰ˵Ǳǻʧܾˣ㲻֪ԴʧڴĮҲûбǻѽΪʲôҪ߰ժ𣿡
Ůòοɰÿ仰βǴʣֽ졣
Ǳˣ̲ס˳ˡ
Ȼ΢ѩԴ˺ֻ֪ĥűǻ
оˣˡ
ʵΪ·˵ģֻȥҩ΢ѩôҡڵضԭݳεҲȫ
رƭĳͽܡ
΢ѩѹ΢飬״ǣ
ǰǡСϲƯ˺Ȼ΢ѩ˵оˣΪؾ΢ѩǸÿˣο΢ѩʵĲʲôܣںܾ֮ǰͱĮ̵һҲûܻ
Įйһϵĳǳأǡ
˵ȡüǳ⣬һƬıǻ
Ǽ¡
ǻ˵µĻʥޱȵĴڡ
ϵػһƬƬ֮ҹһƬξǻɫμϲļ䡣
Ǻˣǻá
ֱĳһ죬ͻķɳХŽһ
Ӵ˴Į˻ĮǣҲٱǻ
ǺܾԶǰˣңԶĴ˵ûʲôĸ룬ͷǰӸΪ⡣
˹ƫ׳ʵôͤӡ
Ķ
ûôŤĶ˾ж²ʣұǻҺϲ㣬ҪҪһѽ
þõòӦ
΢ѩ׻˸߰˰˺˼һʱû˵ʲô
ȲӦü̽ǰ΢ѩǰ˻Σף
ִյ̫ˣ΢ѩܺһ㣬ܿŵô
û꣬СſڴĺЦ΢ѩʶֻ̧ۣϲżüЦ˽һ߻ش˵ʻȥˣŸ׬龫ƷʯϢɣ
ƫԶСǳƷʯʵѵãܺü궼һ顣
ΧĽһƬʣţô󷽿˰
һλ£һɾ豭һ¶ǣҲһһö
˶٣ֵһЩˣڰʯȻչǴģ˵һλ˸ģ˵Ҫö
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ΧһƬĽ
΢ѩٿһ㶡
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ͣϣڲԣŰһȻſڻ˻֣漴ЦǺǵѽ˵أ˾ˡ˵λ˿ֻһλˣûɣԼˣ
Ȼܶҵǵ·ŻǺܾģתͷ˼¡
΢ѩ˳һӣ̤Сݵꡣ

Ϊʲôֵطĺ鳤һģһ˰

Ϊʲô￴ƭͽܰ
ôһ˲䣬΢ѩ༸ֹͣ
Ծ˼֣ºˣᱻע⵽
Ȼ²Ըſǰ껺ŵŮһٶرӣܲˣŭӣһףں˵أ
Ůöһѹ˵˽
ӵСҲ˳شſĶС
΢ѩͷһ⣬ջߣͺƫͷˡ
΢ѩԴ˲Ϣհף
ʱִٵתͷװ·ǿ򶨵Ǹҷ˵ʲô
ƽֳȵϣɸ֪΢ѩֶɵָ⣬ȭ
ϲģһϲġ
֪ԼߣֻװԷϳ΢ѩЩĻš
Ǹƭ·תͷͺӭײϵ顣
αװӦǺܳɹĺ߲û̫ͣãֻƿ
˸İˣ޲
΢ѩҽһɵһʱûע⵽쳣ֲִĵʣ˵ϲ㰡ҪҪѽ
΢ѩ
µͬһʱ䣬ܵԭѾ뿪ߣ׼ȷϡ
лУ΢ѩ·λǰѧʱڣžϿʱʦڳ⣬ᣬǧټƵضʦĿ⡣
ͬͻȻ˵˾仰ɹʦ˹
е
΢ѩӽӲĿбӵԷȻϲҲصϲˡ
лҪ˵ҲҪٰҹ˺ͺͷһһ죡



34
ʧ̾У վſڵ껺 ͣٵߵ΢ѩǰ
ΪŵĻϵҲ٣һ߾̾ȻԼǵͬʱ һڲ²ݡ
ĺţȾĳ΢ѩϣ ͬİˡ
ҿ𡣡ʡ
˵ʾ䣬û ·õ˲ԵĴ𰸣 Ҳᵱ¡
̬ȣ Ӧûϳ
΢ѩ΢ɵͬʱ۽ɨܣ ȷʵûʲôλˣĿҲֻܼװ򶨣⡣
£ һ־λá
΢ѩĿ⣬ ĺӣ˵Ȼҽߵ
Ȼĺº ȴʣ²ˣ ֪Ӻδ
ǺĶԻ Ƽˮ궼ôĵġ
Ȼ΢ѩе㷢 ûϵܵײĺ飬źʱ˵Լ޶ ҲøĿڡĬƬ̣һҧޡ
ĺĵط޵ƹϣĺ鲻Ҫ룬Ҫϸʡ
ĺȷʵûʲôֻᶯ˼¿Щ졣
΢ѩ
ǺܸҽӻµЦЦֹ˻⡣
ܿӱױлعشһĺ飬òҲòϲͣǸߵˡ
غĺкֽעŲ΢ѩϣƶ׷ʣϲ˳úÿôʶİ
΢ѩһӲͷƤӦÿСʶġ
СʶģǱǲиʣʲôšһǰӱԭǶĻ̫ȷ࡭÷
÷
΢ѩӦһ
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ͷ˴磬ͷϡ裬΢ͣԾ壬Ҳȣߵ΢ѩǰۣϸһ΢ѩСľƣȷϵҽˡ
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һһ߳΢ѩܣǳ·ĮһƬԼȥҲ·ֻߴ·
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ܼĳҩ衣
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ԺŬϸ
2ۼ66ȣ



35
һ磬 췽 Сǰס
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ĺӵѩɫ멡ƶ˵ɢģ ǵһμô磬һʱʧ Щۡ
΢ѩò̫ڣ Ĭȥ
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ſǣƥڵȺˣղֻ ȴܽʵ׳ ðܹѵޡ
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ƬɳĮ㻹ֻͨɳĮ Խ룬 ԽŹ֣һӦ Щɳʯͻ᲻ϼȡϵ
ԾޣĮѰұʱҲѡܹѵ
ǰһյԴպˣȫ˾͵ͷȥģƵؽ
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վ˶ϵɳҪ۽ƳһĨɫһѿڶʲô



36
Į֮У ޱ߼ʵİɫɫʡ
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 ǰӰ˼ʲôͬʱ ̲סһѽ
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˴ʣŬ˺ܾãŻմѧ´ʣͺܰ䣡
ԭѧĲ࣬еģֽ̡ǰǵصصԭˡ
Ȼѧ˺ܶ´ʡ
˼ɣ䣬ǺϤĬ׽ֵܺܵ˼
ѧ̫´ˣһûȫƴһͨ
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תˣ΢ѩŻءϢ˿ҿһ멡
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ջֻᶯ˶֮Ҳ̲סͷȥռǵز˲䡣
۵ײһ˿㡣



37
ԽĮߣΣձԽࡣ
籩ҳ㷹ֵǸҪһε޳
ĮϲȺÿһ־һȺǱɳ֮£ڲۼʤ
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΢ѩĶ뽫Ҳȡʹʹ
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һȡ׾͵ԱҲ˵ĸ׽黹ڳ˯УҪʹ齣ķѸ
΢ѩŲ
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ʶһ·ϣ΢ѩʯܲ㣬ȷʵõʵˡ
һγ޳Χ֮һؽƻϣһ߿ĺ顣
ͨں͸ĳѪմ侲ʮֶĿ
ʵؿ޵ƴĽܾ
ûܽʹ˧ˣһתһһʽˮʱөʱɽ
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վߣڸȻʯĳλʦһЩӦأһſȻʶⲻڽסһװ·
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΢ѩѹѹ⣬һ̧ۣĺ鶼ڿһԵЦЦµжòҵǻ
ȴԾݣˣʹһֺذףҲնɱ˲ޡ
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΢ѩ΢㶣û⣺籩
ǰ籩һܰǴȥǵķ籩

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ûʲôģûнǴǡ
΢ѩȥؽǵĴ˵˼˼顣
ǺǱһͻķ糾ɳˡѵ˵Ҫȵķ籩ͺйأ
΢ѩȥã۵׽ãҲ֪Ǳʲôˡֻ֪һ֧ʹ飬Ǳһֵķ籩ǵġ
΢ѩĵ׹ɻԽԽأʶʲôʣΪζʹϤ
ʹڹ;Į˹黹֪Щ顭˭˵ģ
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΢ѩۼֿչȣеסŵ죬  Ƕһ롣
һж˲Ϣ֮䣬΢ѩ֮ԶɳʶʼԴԴϵĶðͷˡ
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ǰѩǱöˣվűűűԹȻô˾УǵһΡ
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38
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һᣬһĨңң֡
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39
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ǻӣȴž綾֮ǿֻҪ΢մȾֻзðڲԶһֲɫӡҲСк˵ѹƶԣٰ£ͻö
ֻѹƶܽⶾժҲֻ̳ԣŹһͻʸá
Ҳ޷뿪Եɡ
΢ѩܿСкȥ¡
΢ѩöʢɫĹӣΪǺܶĲͬӡ
ֱŷ
ԭֻһ
úֱܰɴ֦ҶƬ֦ͷ׹׹عŸɫĹӣÿŶȭͷСɫĿޱˣɢ
ǣ϶ſһֻССŵغɫСë򣬵ë޵βͣһ
Ск͵ܳСޣΪϲſ˯ǲ͵йӵģΪ˻ᡭ
΢ѩһֱͣĳԾɵģʶ˳ȥһҲסˣôһֻɫģҴûɫġ
ժֻſŰɫӣ΢ѩһۼֿؽǹժ
СкֹһСģǻҧ˵ġ
δ䣬ֻӹ̧ͷ׼ȷһڵס΢ѩָ
Ӷ˹ӣ΢ѩָϣ޵Ķ䶯˶˽ŵۣ侲峺ıɫͫˮģʵģӯһˮ⡣
βһһ˦ø˷Ƶġ
Ͳ̫ѡ
΢ѩҧһƳСֿԱһڵĹӣͷر˱ġ
ѹһ˿ţʵ˹ӻ
лҪ˵ɵ

޲ڣĪû״̬ģ6ддػͷСһ  


40
Ŵգ⣬һҹȼϨ߻谵һƬ
һݵ˽ָ΢͹֮ϣӡһöӡ
ֱָֹ⡢ڣӡ
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һüͷ΢Ȼ˯ݳǰ
΢ѩ뼫ˣǳ೤˯֮УǴҲҧһ΢΢ţɫƽʱûе̺졣
һ㣬½ɢѹţ֡
͸ˡ
ӡʾ֮ңҧúݵĵطԼ߳һ죬ѩɵļϣɢ˵Ϣ
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Ѫڡʳ֪ζĸоղܡ
ԿͻͻֱСſ΢ѩ࣬һҶάѩԭͣҲұΣٶ۵ؽҵļ˳
ʼҪ΢ѩʧǰ˵
ʱĪķɳͻأǵض΢ѩɳû󣬺ԥظɳ֮С
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ĺĹȣѱԭͱһۣһƬѩ׵ĻС
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ĺǳ޵еͷĿѣǻĶԶԣҲҪ졣
ĺʱѻУĴײ۵  βͼⶼھţʣȫƾǿ־š
ײײڻһΣԽÿ죬ҲԽСײܵµʱѾȭͷСˡ
ıʶϵĹܽĿǰġ
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۲ʹĪһ㱻ѹί
ĺѣһ˿ڼϤݺֱ
΢ѩժöʱһڵס΢ѩָ˺ܴͷݼʱѪ
죬˱˵ζǺԥֻǰצס΢ѩָβͼҡӰ
΢ѩܽߡ
һ˲䶼úңԶ
ڳʧȥǰʵ
һϤģһİġ
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΢ѩסҧС̣Скֺ򶨵ؽҧһڵĹӳԵµػصס
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ָⱻҧѪʱЩ۵ģ͡
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硣΢
ѩŬſҪΣŬװѰ̬ȣһţŲϲʲô޵ĴСѩǵĴβ͡
΢ѩʱýϲһŻŻԭ֮ѸӿͷյӶǻġ
ĺһ˲˲ؿ΢ѩҲܽţ΢ѩѵ磬ܶࡪѾ΢ѩܾˣӶѭġô족
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ڣһ㡣
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΢ѩջ΢΢죬ͫؿЦЦü䡣
˵޺ױģ
Ҫʱᡣ
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ԥԥǻ
顭
ʦ𡣡
ͬʱ΢ѩչЦ΢΢һ˵
ĺŵë޶䶼ðˣԱǿ͵ޣҲδⲻ¹
ܣȿͷϸ΢ѩȱ˵֣صʦ𣬶ԲҹǵðˣʦԡԺ󲻻ˡ
΢ѩһ㶡
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һ˲΢ѩĪһ˿ʹ죬˿ʹݵѹΣɫѵŴ
ˣ
һĨͲˣ
֮ǰҪ޻ҪµĴ治·ϵأ



41
΢ѩ˵ĺľԽ³һֱɪɪ
һ˲˲ؿ΢ѩڲһкͼ֮ԥ̵ֻ૵ʦ𡣡
΢ѩع䵭һû˵ʲôֻ̧ҵڵؽӡӡһչʾĺ鿴
ʱϵ˿ڣ΢΢üβŵ޷
ֻǿôЩСӡ¡
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Ҫ⻵̿ҵ·˵ʲôĶ˶ˣǵõŻɡ
ôҲŴþƣ΢ѩ룬ɴȷˣЩŪö˶˵ʲô
ĺ˸˪ӣ˰ģԭͣžͲݵĴѩˣǸͷԴĴ̡
ҩҲʦΪʦҪˡ
˵ѹ
΢ѩ΢Ӳĳȥҩ㲻úָ׷ʲôԹԵģô᲻Ҫ
δ䣬ǰһΣӰʧһֻë޵ĴĬشչֱꡣ
΢ѩȱůʱֹѩ̲㣬Դʹﹰòӣڴϣס飡
ѩţͷ峺ʪؿβϣѩ޵βͼֺõز˲ֱ
ֻǰצ½󣬽õֹˡ
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ĺȻɫ΢ݣٵشϵˡ
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ľǽ΢ѩִ֮£û̫࣬վ˲ŷλú  խ΢һͻᱩ¶⡣
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ǵյת˸ת
΢ѩӦǰһգǰ񻺻Ųƿ⧲غöۡ
˭ûз
лҪ˵ĳҶ˸į



42
زֹ΢ѩǰľ
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43
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44
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ԡһЩֵ¡
ĺ齥һģͷ
ӵ΢ѩӵУ֮Ϊʦˡ



45
ĺ֮ǰ΢ѩûͽܡ
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΢ѩȫˣ߰Ķ˺һ
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ôһ΢ѩŷ֣ԭ꣬ѳñҪһЩˡ
֪΢ѩԼô˵ûд



46
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΢ѩһᣬ ȷԭûЩ顣
һָ΢Ĳ²޿ƵظԺΪСͽܻǰŴģ 룬 Ҳǡ
ʱĺΪͽһ꣬ Ծξ顣
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Ҳֻĺһ

²̫ˣ ΢ѩһ˲ Դһᣬ ų˿ؼ˳ȥ˼⡣
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ǵļ䶼ڻ˺Ľ֣
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ЩҲеŹ֣ڶʵϣ΢˺󣬾ͺսתܣһֻͷ΢ѩ
ɱ

΢ѩۣվԭؿŲԶǳªƵƵͷһԥػ˸򣬼ߡ
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΢ѩȻͷķȥ
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ӦΪָķ򡭡ҲҪȥķ
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΢ѩ˼˷·ſѺõسкЦݺͰףûʲô
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˸ͷһͭ촫ʮϲ죬кɫһ̰ϲãڰ֣ѽˣĴɣҴү׵ӣҲ˵ȥϲǮȥˣ
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˳С䡣
ְͦ˳׵ġ
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ףԭѾô𣿡
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ȻǺܽƻľɢľϣĲҽС
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΢ѩ޴󰭣û֡
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źԭĺúõģһȻʽһʲôƵģȻͷ󺰣ʦС
⻰˵ˣ°һźͻð˳ݺݵعᴩ˷޵ֱۡ
յ㣬ʹ֮£֣ȴһɬԵۼĺȣҪٴϮǰһڣ˵군ʶۡ
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װ˻Уɢ
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΢ѩü΢ȴŲһߡ
Ȼ޻٣ĳȷܶδؾĮȻվһԣѵ
ĴΡһ䣬ܵעӣΧһŵȺﻺջأػȥ
΢΢һ㶣ƵƬ̶ݣ׼ȷغ΢ѩĻף



47
һ͵͵ġסܿڳ֮С
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΢ѩһĵЦЦͬ׼ȷغ˶Է֣⡣
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ҲǳټҼ
СʱֹѪţ׵ЩݺٰѣŽԭԼĶ
ⷬĮѵģ
ٵһ٣С١ʶ˶Ϊɾţͺ顣
Ҳȷʵˣֻ
΢ѩͳʶȫ⡣
ʱ֮£һ˸Ϊײеؾֳϧ΢ѩԼ£ͬȥ¥С
¶ǣȻؿƽʣҺϼɵ£Ρ
΢ѩ
΢ѩ⧲˸ףѵôƬ̣ЦԷǵضȻܾһ飿Ҳء
⡰šһϿ
ûʧѹҲûⲻʣ֮ƽ÷·ղֻ˵˾ܺá
Ҳʱ΢ѩ֪⿴죬Ȼӻġ
ڳ⻹ûʱָ֪Ϊ飬ͽĻ¸ˡǸ곤ĸ硣
һ鰮Ȼܾ˭֪Է׷Ứٳķ֮£ɴҳߡ
һ߾Ǻüꡣ
⼸ûҲûټҼϢ
΢ѩػ˻β豭ԭŵĲҶ˿ЦҲ֮չ٩ٴʲôʱѺȱϲƣ
Įؿζ˶ԼࣺҺϼʱܺȡ
˻ûء
΢ѩ̲סЦǰҲʹϼԵɣʱ˵Ǿⲻˣ˺ϼϵĵ£ֻѲĻԼ󣬲΢ѩ
ˡ΢ѩ˿ڲ裬ֹЦ⣬˵ģҪѿڣһʹֽһ䣺ˡ
΢ѩ;Щȣ˵ҲɵˣͳϹ˵ʲôأϽԵװ·תƻ⣺ô⣿
·
ɫ·û΢ѩŴҴӹ°䡣
΢ѩûעǾ䡰ɫɿĪѹȥ·Ƿ˵ĵĴʲô˼
䵭ԣӲ˵ظ˵ءĴΡһ⡣
סûӣƬ̣ÿһΡǵĴΡ
΢ѩһ㶣ûףʲô
仰΢ѩŪ׳˼
ǰ·Ъһҹߡ
ʱǡϵҴүȥӭףĴַǷû⣬ҲԸ֣ԱܿȥջЪϢ
үӭ׵ջԶʱһϮֳȥ
鵽δ⡣
Ȼ˳а磬֣Ҳùˡ
ƽش˵ջأûϡ
ֱ峿𣬽
λҴүһӭˡ
ӭ׶ջԶһٴγ֣ܣܵ·أֳȥ
򶷹Уһλ޲Сı°ĺˣ˿ȾаҴææöа¡
һͬλա
գڴͣ죬;Ρ
΢ѩʶȥֻߵǶ뿪ˣڶ붼붴ˡ
ÿնһأÿζһ飬û˾ùŹ𣿿ɷųἰЩΧ۵ȴȻûʲôͬѰ㡣
и޻е㷴Ӧ
΢ѩʲôȻɫһ٣̧˿ɫվЪϢˡ
΢ѩ
ЩˣλٴɼںδҪϸϢЪϢʱ򣬾;Ϊ˻߱ʲôµ顣
΢ѩɫȷʵ磬ҲûκΣշϵɴȥ˳ڵĿջԱҲ˼䷿һЪϢ
Сҹܰ
ûҹеϰߣһھ˼ң谵ƻ͸żܰ
΢ѩһᣬ˴齴
ת
Ϊ˵£˷ûȫ붨Ծ˲š
ԼĪʱĩȻߵ
ᣬ÷ЩϤ
΢ѩۣϢغ£װ˯
һͣˣƬ̺֨ѽһƿ˽
˽ŲᣬƮƮĲϸŲһƮĻʦ𡣡
ĺ
΢ѩ
ĺ顱ƮǰԼĪǶӣ˽һӴЩʦҵˡ
૵ظ˵һ仰ЩԹǳֱ΢ѩꡣ
΢ѩԼʱȻ̧ۣһ΢΢ƵƮԶһ׿⡣
΢ѩ˵ϱĵط΢Զ׼Ĳ̫ã̧Ƴ۲Զ͸״˿˿ħġĺ顱ⲻþһΡ
ĶˣҲҶСͽܵݡ
ĺ顱վŲĵؿƺģʦҪ𣿡
ʦҵˡ
ȥţҲֻô仰΢ѩϳ͵ȵĻħȻǣûʲộͿԲٿء
΢ѩСĵΪ˸׷ԴСڻħϣ뷴ȥ̽˭ٿֻħ
ȻƽպܹõķȴʧЧ
ǷڻħϺ󣬻ħһ𣬶ȻһļУĺ顱жŤƬ̺󲻸ڣħڻһ㣬ίڵأһ̲ǶĺŤš
ð๾ݣգۼͻΡ
΢ѩü΢ſڴĶ
һħӰ뿪ſڼ˽ӰӰ´µģȫĺݣĿȷس΢ѩ
һġʦص¶Ȼ½࣬мֹɲ
΢ѩˮһתУĴָƣʰ磬Ȼ룬¶һߺâ
Ȼڳ˯ױ̲ص⣬Щħη岻ǰ
΢ѩ齣Ƿɼ䣬ߵſڣħηֺƱʲôţò
΢ѩͷҲأʣһӣһ䣾Ļħʧ
ȻĳҲֹ̫ۡ
洦ɼħУƮţջһģһݳǰʵڽ΢ѩ˲ƫͷ۸ڣ⣬ȻŽգͷ޶
ħ֨֨۵ؼˡ
΢ѩԥνʣûֻ׵ͨʹڽϺâħ֮תڻħɱһ·Գ˳֡
Ӱ
һšĺ顱Ʈǰľګ䡣
ͱĸħѰɣ
΢ѩ侲Գ֣龰ҲɵҲȥ׷ݲٿˣ˻ħɱɾ䣬ܿһ롣
ʱֵǰڰʱ̣ܻ谵һƬֻ¹ŵĵĹⱻħײƮƮ𲻶
΢ѩһ֣΢΢Щббأ֧š
־ͷǸսǣûеţдƬӰʣĻħͶ
΢ѩһ˶һ̧ҪһնɱɾһⶸȻƬڰƿնѸ֮ƣʣĻħɱ˸ɾ
΢ѩҪеĽס
⽣΢ѩϤ
ó㽣ֻˡ
΢ѩͽܡ
ԭ΢ѩС׹Ȼ궯ͷԵһײײʱһ˳
˳΢ѩＷȥʹ΢ѩġ
ë޵ĴкԼЩů⣬΢ѩʶסС򣬰ƵĦ£̧ȥ
һɫӰӹսǴ߳΢ѩԶվ
ԾӰУɫǷ·ҪͺڰΪһ壬̧ͷĳǶȥ龹ĺмơ
΢ѩһ˲ͽܣȻ
΢ѩŻȻ;ԳȻȡаħ뿪ںȻ
ô֮Ժá
Լ֣Ȼֶ˶ǰһʦ𡱡
һһ⴩ҹĻ¶ڳؼһ˿
žһҹСˣѣٿưײŮ˵ӦоС
л˼ҵĺɤŴԺʱߴƮ˳ЩЩүף˵Ҫһ·ϲǮȻǶȥոּһЩ



48
Сƹ ΢ѩ⡢Ȼ˸Ĭģ ֿһ׵֡
ԾϤĳ Ϥס
ҴүС÷ף ·ײһа Ǻ״аӾߣ Ϊˡ
λȻɱаӣһλǲСıȹĺֱۡ
˿ϲаɫ԰׵ͳһСƿаˡ
һĻ۵׵΢ѩ΢
Ƕȣ պܿϵĶ
Ǵƿǿյģ ʲôû
ֻһֿ ̳¶ǡ
ˡⶪ֡
΢ѩ߲ šһ ֪˼
˵ϻһ¼ȣǺԶ׼࣬ ֱϵ˺ɼǣֻ᲻صһӡ
СһޣҲûпڡ
ճ־˺ ŷĸı䡪֮ǰⶼԹûᡣ
΢ѩȻʲô ʣʲô
ȻĮ ѳʱԹ֪ۡ顣
Ȼ̧̧ۣ䵭ޣô
΢ѩ赭дɱ˼ֻСħ¡
Ϊͣʶǳ˵ջˣֻܹ֨ⶼܸ֪
ûȻϣǸˡ
΢ѩûЩӶаСﻹŸ֪ڴʲôˡ
߸ӦĺϢֻա
ֻСĺϢȴʱʱԶ׽͸
ʱоˣôҲҲš
СйŹ֣΢ѩСߵڲ׳Ϊͣա
Ϊоӵ֮Ϊ
Сʧˡ
ͨС·ɵУ΢ѩϸʲôҲǱߣȥ·ԭ̤
СԵֻ֮ȴôҲȥ
ȻԹͻƣȻЮŨȥʯ󺣣˿
Ũйˡ
Сˣûȥ
⣬СޣҲ΢ѩͻȻֵĳȻ
ʱŵúܿ죬΢ѩֻùһСᣬһ͹ȥˣɫɫҴҹȥ
СĴָܿž
վɻݣȻԱҲһ䷿ûȥǸ΢ѩݡ
ݺ󣬳Ȼȥ裬˲ˮŵݸ΢ѩ̬Ȼ
˳ɣôһ˲䣬΢ѩȻĺ顪ǵ飬ô
΢ѩʶתͷٿȻһӹ豭Ķ΢΢һ٣ҲûͣôһϸϸشȻ
˳ͤ˵ȻȡаʱħȻһദ΢ѩҲûӦǰͽϵħ
Ȼúܸɾ¶
΢ѩ豭£֪ΪΣȻĺм֮ĪһԶͷ
Աߣϸʣޱˣ΢ѩʣаǶ
Ȼ£̧ۣؿ
ǶȿţԽĺˡ
ǰлۺἰʱǱں
΢ѩѹסĵ׹ĸоȻʦͽʵԳȻûԴĺô顣
ճȻΪͽΪ̵ָ˵Ҳ֪⡰Ķ׳ʼô΢ѩʶһֲԴͽܡ
ħʦ𣿡
Ȼʣ̧֣ӵĺɫ·ħ΢ѩƼˣͷ΢Ȼаˡ
Ҳ˵ȻѾаˣ٣߲ܷ롣
Ȼִ·ߵˡ
΢ѩüΪˣ
΢ѩħûмƫֻڳȻΪҪѡѵ·
Ȼ𷴵ʦǰʦҲԾɰħʦҲỤŵ𣿡
΢ѩעȴȻǰˡȻ֪ĺǰ
ûͳȻĺʵݣĺԼ¶ģǳȻʲôطģ
΢ѩ˼˲ϢƣƬ̺ŵħޣֻǲͬʽˣʲͬ
ͣһ£ʳȻôѡħûڣȻһȻ
ħȻѹʦӣһħһ֪ȻҪʦ𡭡ʦȽΣնɱ𣿡
˿ջ
һһ˿˿ϸ΢ȴҪ塣
Ϻͻأرžһ
Ŵգ޷紵룬ȴ𲻶ӰӳǽϣӰӰ´ҡҡλΡ
Ȼÿһֽβҧú
ºһֹļžӿ
΢ѩֻóȻĺ顭̫ˣ·ǰϵ
ĵ׵ĹԽŨŬƲֵĸоü˵ĿкιϵҲ⡭
Ȼ˴ۣ۽ȥ۵һ˿ŭһֻµսһ£֪ʲôǵŭͣûס
һһУٴ̧ʱɫֱ˱䣬ĳЩӲģ£Ȼʦ⣬ǿԲһ¡
Ȼɸɱʦ㡣
δ꣬΢ѩ̲סˣȻվüͷҲѿڶ⣺
һܵضǣЩʹ΢ѩعһ£ʹ⡣
ⶼʲô
Ҫһ
Ȼһͻĺһغˡ
ɻĺ仰ʱȻ죬Ҳг𣬵ºʶݡ
ȻڳȻҲô˵΢ѩȴֻеȵĻƣоʲô޿ܵ飬ܵ㡣
΢ѩųȻħѹƲסðˣ΢ѵӲʦ𣬾ͺúʦͽѲ˵Ļջȥ
Ȼ۵Ĺâվ΢ѩߣ־קס΢ѩ䣬Ҫ˳ֿס΢ѩʱһʹ
һŰƴİӰ㣬΢ѩȻܳ׺ݵڳȻһצӡ
һûʡѪһðعһȻʹܵһ˦֣ħָһŲ֪ʲô
΢ѩۼֿ죬ҲֽǱ˦СģɳȻħֱһ᲻صĺۡ
ʦ𣿡
Ȼ
ͬʱһ㵣һ档
΢ѩ£סŴϳȻֿʼͲô֣һֱﹰȥС򡭡ȻԸһëޱóһֻС̵ģˣƴС΢ѩȥġ
ССů
΢ѩָĦһС̵Դ̽ͷƳ۳ȻϵˣӴһƿҩݹȥ򵥵ؽζˣʧӦأȥһҩɡ
Ȼûӣڿͫ΢ӿ𼸲ɼĿ־ͼɵֱѹ¡
˻ҲȥѪһ˫۽΢ѩ΢ѩͣһ˲ӴС׺ݶѪɱߣһҡҡͷҲΣأǵ¡
Ȼܿ뿪ˣȥʱ΢ѩš
ڻָž
򶼱ƽȵȼš
΢ѩ˿СصؽУŽűȻͻأһ䡰áķкͿܸѹ¡
ͬһ仰ɲͬ˵ܴ
΢ѩСϣüĿºһЩôܱˣ
΢ѩһֱܸܵСǳǳΪĺëʱ˭Ȼĺһϸϸ΢΢ʶ
뵽Сĺ鲻ԸСģ΢ѩ򴽣ǿѹѹ̵ǡ
СβҡҡλΣɿɰģ̲סһָСִ˸ԴС
Сһ£Ƭ̺˸ſϣ֪ͷ΢ѩβίɨ¡
ĺѩԭ͵ССС棬ͫǱɫģǼʪģëѩССؽС
̡
һ㶼ûзӳȻʱ׺״
΢ѩĶСС̵ԴָŲʱõСһﲻز䡣
ȻĺһʶΪ̫΢ˣ壬ֻż崫һЩӦȻ¶ѭűܣڸܵΣʱ΢ѩ
΢ѩЩһƬͲ۸ֻСˣ뽫СǼ⶯뵽ʲôһѱס΢ѩָ
Ƶ΢ѩֱϣһչȥ򷽲űȻħĺۡ
΢ѩ˵ʵأҲûѪûʲôоֻƤذɣǺۿЩۡ
СһţǳɢźֱۣǺۼɢò࣬۰Ͱ͵ſ΢ѩֱϣֻǰצڻڴͷ
΢ѩشһֱûţֱգգۣ۽΢΢⣬̾Ϣ󣬾ƽС̾Ŀڵλã૵СҵĴ󰢹أﰡ
΢ǻţ͸һС̶С
ãһᣬȻצӣס΢ѩ½ޱȾؽԴ˹ȥ

ͬʱĳڰĺٿ̧
۵ױɫһԽ⣬ŴĿؿǰ֧Ļþ
Ѿˡ
ڰްʵĺڰʱ䡣
ǰϡǧĳ
ϡһƬľᵹȪӿ磬رѣ¶Ҳ
Ǳĺ齣Ӳġ
ĺ֮ϳǻþΪﵽŻħ
ǧﲻι״಻а
Щħһóģһó΢ѩģһֱó˵ģ
֮߾ܵظǰҵľ
ر̫ԣһĻ
ֻ޾
ζ
Щ
ѹĵסѾõĳޣְһж
ĺǴıɫ･һ˿ɺ죬𽥱ʾ
άѣԵֿĪصʶжݵĻ硣
˰ɣЩ˰ɡ
һжԭλصȷĽ֡
ڤڤ֮кһӲڲϵشߴ
ĺ̵ر˱亹ޱ¡
Ҫ˳ǵȥʲôȷĽˡ
ʾˣȻֻһѽĺ顣
ħӻħƮƮذ۳һϸ˿ĺϢزĺ
ǺҪĺħĺۼʱĺٿظӦʲôȻۡ
ߵĵطܵһЩ΢Ķ

ǰ΢ѩڻʱ
һ

Ǿ΢ѩ
ʦ𡭡ʦߵС
һĺʣǣڱıԵסʶֲסزȴס˳ڣ֮󣬹ǽڴŰס
ɺɫ۵ȥЩ
ֻĵ׳޻ڲʵؽţĺ鴭Ϣһǿн£ѹ˿еͬʱ˼
Ѫһģɫڸγ
ӦԽԽˡ
ĺ鱾ܵǰǰȥЩħˣŻææԱ߱ܣȻǷµ˾Ȼˡ
ħǴ̽һĺ飬˼£ηη̽ͷ̽ԡ
Ȼʵǳ̫ˣ˵ͷͽţʵҲι״İ͸š
ĺЩƳŻ
Ҳᣬ͸ûƵģֱϱ߲ȹȵһڻħ֨ҽУɿ˻ȥ
ĺײײǰ˼ûܼˡ
һŭӿͷĿ޿̵ؾ˳ڣҲڷӿʹ棬Ȼһ¡
ѩĽ޿ɵֵĺ⣬þظıһ˲һ˿ƴ϶͸
õĺڰһ졣
ߡ



49
΢ѩСס˼졣
СʱѰĿ죬 СոһյšϴÿЦݣҲʵȻϸܿ۵޹⣬һ裬ղκӰӡ
һȺ˷ľżе֪ƣظżȶΪ
ѭͣЪ
ʵҲȫûб仯
Ǻһغ Զ׼С࣬ڶֱϻ˺ǳһӡ
ǵһζ֣ں֮ǰ ɴؽ֮ٴλ
׼Ϊ Ϳҽɢ֮£Ŀɿڴһᣬ ׷תͷ⡣
ǵϵó⣬˷ܵغżɾ ֻȻǵǰż
΢ѩ״䣬 ĵ˳һ£ãȻذһ
ֻ·С ׼Ъվ뿪Ҳûд֮ǰ¡
ոĶ࣬ ϲҲĶࣿ
պɾ Ȼаˡ
ǰһյļ䶼ˡ
ڱͬΪԽͣ СʱԽãԽױͬǳ硢ʧȥ뿪ͷǾҲȥˡ
ǻԶССϵľһÿظһ顣
ֱ
ǵһ
յڰաż죬һգǵȻǲ²һԽ
ȵھʱû֡
ʧˡ
Ȼƺ޴󰭣ûĸţɾС÷˳ףڶܶʼ

ֻء
Сƹ΢ѩȲ裬һڣһ¸ɬĺŵСÿһ죬һֻء
ǳȻݵģ΢ѩϲ¶ȡ
ͽ챻һ֮࣬û˵ʲôֵĻֻΪޱģ΢
ôȡĺ˼
΢ѩԷգ֪ȤûʲôΪԶ˶ģһ
ҪС򣬿ܵôֻصĹɲС⼸΢ѩûܺúϢԵֵӿ޸ٶȿЩۼЩǿš
²豭ƫͷ˼ƣüģ۵е࣬Ǹؼĵ㣬ɢҲûʲôá
˼ţ⿴һۣȻʣû˯á
䣬Զȱ飬˵Ҳƽʾʵƽƽ
΢ѩϰˣڵпɡ
΢˶٣ֽһ䣺⼸ҹЩණΡ֣һ£
䣬ԱߵĳȻָһĿһ
⶯̫΢΢ѩͳⶼû⵽
΢ѩ˵Щħ
ЩħûΪһĴɱ
գÿҹЩ֨֨۵ĳ׼ʱ֣ԴԴϣûûˡ
΢ѩǣҲ˲΢ѩֻܷ΢ѩϢˣƫ׷Դֺ;ûҵʹߡ
һۣ޿޲ɵءšûʲôվ׼ݡ
΢ѩ״Ҳվ
̫ƣˣվʱȻЩѣΣһַߣվȣüͷ
ĳȻʱվ
ȻȻֻû΢ѩ䣬΢ѩߵֻϾһŰӰ˶
ԭ΢ѩ˯һëӵС̣ᵽϢ۶ûҪצӡ
צϾ׺ݵɱһӹҪѪ
Ȼɫ΢䣬Ҳ֣۵׼ɵһʶԼĶ̫ͻأϽ˳εʦаţȥʦҹ
˳˺ͽܵļƣѯʣȴƶһһ̬ڱģ飬ȷĺһģһ
΢ѩһĺ飬ܾܾġ
Ȼ΢ѩ΢ѩƬ̺ŵ΢΢˵ͷ˳Ӧǡ
Ȼɡ
˭ûʱƴǣ¶־ڱصõЦݡ

ҹɫܿˡ
Сž
ͽҹ΢ѩƺи˽յңüģû˵ʲô˴齣¶ߡ
ܿƽȶ೤
ԭҹĳȻһᣬվ˼Զؿϵˡ
˯е΢ѩ˼ַܴ
Ȼ⿴Ŷ
㹻ݻȶĹ켣
ȻĿ⶯˶ֻֿɵС
ƴС̴΢ѩˣ΢ѩߣ΢ѩһƷ˿΢ѩ˯졣
ȻſţЩҧгݡ
Ҫ̧΢ѩȥȻӦʲôٿתͷߴӰ뿪Ĵȥ
һƬ¡
Ȼž֮Уȴһңңڱ˶пֻһƷҶƮƮģڳȻȴͷһ
ǽѵ
ϡųڵĽ
ͷɪɪ
Ȼﻮһ˿ηޣҧҧӣһ¶ĳѹصħơ
аںµĺۼ
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ȻæҲû⵽ħǽ΢ѩӰڵסһ˲΢ѩһ
Ϣس֣С

΢ѩû˯š
ԳȻĽ䱸ųȻһһһոһոߡ
ֻǱԾɲɫ
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΢ѩܵϤϢ۷ʱû˳ȻӰ
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һȺħۼһ𣬺˾㱣֮С
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Ƕ΢ѩƺЩ£̫ҽֻƮȥ΢ѩֵ΢΢ü̧ʱǲóĻ
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΢ѩϣݹ᾵ϡ
·ĺľַ·ǡ
Сĺ鱻ںܱ۸Щܰ΢ѩɾΪʦĵӣԼ磬͵͵ʹӡ
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СĺһˣãȻ֪룬΢ѩɾ֮ͱչˣʱϾ˼ֻԼСضͬţȻ޼¡
һιΪѵıУһʱû¶
ݾʹ˱¶Ӵˮȡ

һĻĻ΢ѩԺ꣬ͼ͵컻ȥ΢ѩеļ䡣
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Ӳˣ뿴Ļٿһе˾ʲô
΢ѩһЩԭľ飬Щǰļĺ鲢ûоЩ
˵ԼЩǼٵģСúõأ̣ڻСĺһαû˶õʱڻ̲סˡ
δʱ˪ȥһӽ˵ڵӻɢ
ֻħĵǽ̯һڱһ£ƶؾ£ٴλûµĻ
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ħǼӻң΢ѩϡ˵˵ľЩ޺Ļ
ƲѾã΢ѩɾȻհΪͽȻǴ
΢ѩЩڶУ΢Щ٣ԼʶʲôЩԻЩʵʧڼ֮У
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ʶһ㣬΢ѩʶشһʲô忪һѿڣѵðͷ
о̫΢ݼţ΢ѩ׽ʶЩǳٿȻ䷭ӿ
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Ȼ΢ѩ̣ɫ䣬ü϶ź˵ĺ⣬ػӽС
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Ȼһ٣ӦϤϢ΢΢̧ͷһţ·ڻӦʲô
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Ļһһ㡣
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ħʧЩҲ֧ƣ޴صӰ֡
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ĺʦǵӡ
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ת䣬һϸ߽һжֿһⲻĽᣬ΢ѩüʣ㾿ʲôҺͰ飿
һαװɣȻ޵һĨڷָԭò
΢ѩκʦ𣬵ֻ㣬롭
΢ѩȳȻ˵꣬ʱŭϣֹĿܸӿ˳ųȻӶԷɫϱһԷʲôͼȻֱ治
ĶѸӣ΢ѩŲʣ˵˵Щ治Ļװûʦͽ֣ǻҵʦ𡭡
ĺҲû㵱ʦ𣡡 εʧܣȻĶڲزסˣĳĶԽԽңʱ֮£òƫ棬ʼʩݵĵ㣬Уݺȥ
Ϊͽȴ˵㣬㱧˰ª˼Ǹ֮İһݱ¶ֻӵеһУ

΢ѩһԲֳ
Ȼܿ΢ѩĽ⣬ǽղգޱһͷ⺮ȵͷһһ˲ҧܲ˵΢ѩþöĵģ֮ǰ˵ʱģ
ɱԳ󻼣
һһ䶼⣬ġ
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Ȼħ΢ѩĽֻһ˲ɢ󣬳ȻƵ˼ǿȻһ𡪡
ڶϣһ˵ĽڵֿסҹɫҲѣ
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΢ѩѵָ̧֣𣬾סǰ˵½󣬻ججУԺ棬̵Ϊܣſڣ˵ʲô˵ֻ˳űܵС
Ϣѹʹ΢ѩ⸴ֻɢšظֻԡ



50
ȻĶӺ Ļħû˿ɽŻҵ֨һҽкĺߵУ ӽյŷ촰ȿֺؼȥˡ
һҪҷ³
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ħĴʱ ײߵᣬϸ۰ѵɢһأ 豭һ ĴƬЩնɱĻħɢڵĺۼ ɢȳŵϢ
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ڳ˭û˼ܡ
΢ѩɿ˾ĺ½֣» һºȱס
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΢ѩͳϲ׮ȷʵǹؼ
˱ĺޱɾݣЩūҲЦ
ǵƺֻ豣֤³ɹ㹻ϸڴĺ齫ϲһԲ߳ȥЩūҲܣͰģһ·ϲǮ
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΢ѩǵһΡ
ϻʱߴٵýɡһֱۣα̧ҡҡλε˽֣ŵÿԼÿ⿴
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΢ѩŸף֪޹أҲ̲ס˹оͦϡġ
߲ڲԶеϡ
һۣϣֱȼֱͦȵСҲϵ˴оɵĻϲƫ˼սĸо
΢ѩĿתؿ˺һᡣ
Ŀ޺УΨĨ׼ΪۣſţͲʧ
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΢ѩû㣬кȻеĶûСͽܴɫ·Ҳ֪ĺ鴩ϲʲôģ
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ĿƬ̣΢ѩɿҼǵ׼Ļͦÿģô
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ڽαߣһ糺ӡɢİˣ¶һǳȴЦݡ



51
յĳ;У ûг֡
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ڡɡӦ죬ݣ ǰȵؿסˣûóʧء
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ἴɽˡḻʣ㹴ճһɽ÷羰
磬е⽣ӰͶþƣҲа쳾ȡ
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΢ѩָ΢΢СһƤָһסˡ˵࣬ĺôûʾʲôء
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ղСͽˣ
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΢ѩһ飬ϸ룬˸ѡ񡪡ſڣ˵Ȼȴĺᣬʤ׷޵ıܣĺҲУƳ룬ûи΢ѩ˵Ļᡣ
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ʶĸоӿͷУЩڻѡ
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ĺл㱵롣
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΢ѩ˸ֲǿһ˿ǣֵ̧ĺϡ
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ͨǿԼʱ̿쵽ˣܿҪˡ΢ѩԼҪģ
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áūԽˣ΢ѩһҧܲ˵Ӧŵã´һ
ò״ݶʱ΢ѩź֪ؾñ顣
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񽥽նתͷԵūͣɰصɾ˵ӭס
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ⳡֹֻء
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⽫ڵرɢ
⻳ٳ֣ǶҲСһʧˣʱȻһ΢ѩ˲Զվ
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΢ѩʶһ˿̣һۡ
ﵹһ֪ǷĺĽ벻ôŹۡûʲôеġ
΢ѩɿתƻ⣺Сʧˣ֮Σ
⾲Ĭһᣬÿɷת֡һ΢Ƶƾճ
⵭ԭ
΢ѩһ㶡
Ǳڰָŷ⣬ƽزǰҵţԭ



52
΢ѩ֮ǰ·ʱ Ϣ뿪ġ
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ÿȥҩڣ˶Ŀ˭֪ǰŸܣ ĺ ̴׷Ϲ
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53
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΢ѩջʱ˳ϵС̡ϵӣ̧ߣˡȪÿˡ
һ䣬ԭﰲŵС̺΢ѩָβһ¾ɨ΢ѩֱŪ΢ѩġ
΢ѩ΢΢ȦסűµصĲҰ
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ֻװͰ͵ģ ȴɫȻ෴̫΢ѩ
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Ц ĺֱģ ֣ Ŷ߰ɣ ûбˣҪٲҾֻСһȥ
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΢ѩ룬 ЩЪϢɡ

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۵ģ϶ɵϲޣиԵţ һһҪΪ롣
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΢ѩһת׳֣һƱʱڵأžһء
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оȻ⣬ƻûȥ߰˿顪ͱˡ
΢ѩһˤԭˡ
ȻȫԼ֮ǰΪ
ѣȻѹײǰͳ˹ȥ
ȻֻסһƬƬ
ƵѣȻһŤ΢ѩֻһᣬ˫һɡ
׸βʱͻأҲͻأʧˡ
ǰѹƵҲչתڡ
Ȼطйء
΢ѩûüһ
һСֱܶĴҴܡ
׼ĹҲ֪˶ģ᳢΢ظʣζֿ͡
΢ѩ㲻ȸʮݵĹƣܺһ治ɫ
ξȻ˳
˵Ӧ죬ֻմմƾ˲ʱӿ
𾪡
ܾ˳һ**طӿǰԵҶײһ𣬷΢Чá
΢ѩ˵⣬֮£ǿзֳһάѺһ߷¡
Ⱦܡ
סƬ·ѹǵһݡ
۵ɺһƬɢĺ΢ѩʱͷһϳ
֮ǰȻаʱɢĺһޡ
΢ѩ˲ûͷ
ԭǲ֪ܵʲôӦͻأվǽһضѿ˷죬һԴɺѷ
֦ѾܿǵĽףѸϣѭٿǡ
ӵϣ鵶νͼ΢ѩ뿪
΢ѩһδȫһˣʲôɡ
Щôô磿
Ҫ֪˵ѹƵʵָˣȫʢʱڣزࡣ
Щʵͣôôһ
˵ЩˣԾóĻ
²ѹĵף࣬Ӳϣһδһʽܲ͸硣
ĳ˲䣬ôշɡ
ԭҲսģ״һ
ֻ̧ӽһĻغϣںܶǰҲôһ꣬һӣӶǯ¾ȳ
ͯΪģһů
ļС֧롣
ǵӰ˳ɢһӰǳ㸡ǰ
Ǻʯ
亣ʱֵĺʯ

β˫ĺʯ
ʯ֪ںͣ˶ã沿ˮʴúܺò
ʱ΢ѩ˲ᣬ¥뿪ˣҲ޵ġ
ûãϵ˺ˣײײߣ΢ѩȴʧ˺
һˮָţ
Щãգգۣô˲䣬еԺ
ﺣϺϡ
ʵ΢ѩӹ
΢ѩֵʱ̫ĳȣ˷ļŨһʡ
Եģĺʱ뵽˵˵ǣʶʹ΢ѩ
ļЩˣ૵ôܲ㣬㡭ֻ㰡
Ǻ΢ѩ簡
¥Ҫսս취Լ˯ðġ
Ψںףⲻ˵ʯǰƬи
ʯ񵱳΢ѩȥȥߡŬ΢ѩĻһ뾡취Լǿ
ʱһãԼٵ棬ŪԼˣá΢ѩԶߵͷ
ֱգ⡰󡱱΢ѩȻơ
һƺϢͫףңѸѹ־ݵزٿ塣
ָ̧Уֱ΢ѩ
һ
΢ѩô㽫ЩɺԲٿصġǡ˸ߵᣬذѽһš
⣬硣
ʢţǻס
΢ѩһͷƼܽĳϿڡ
Ƿţԭڳ
ڳﵢʱ䲢ãҲһӡ
΢ѩ̧߳۱㿴ĺһһֻɺϡ
ҵɺԵ  һȥɺڳһ̲ɫˮܿʧ
ĺͷ΢ѩ߶ϣɫ΢΢һɣʦ𣡡
ס΢ѩ֣ˣ
΢ѩûüػ¡һ죬Ͳаܲĳֱӣȴһ˫ɫĳ΢ѩ
ĺɱʶ뽫׷Ǵ΢ѩͷҲأһѿסԼࣺߡ
޵Ĺ΢ѩðĺһ֮£ѡӣսһ⣬ǰһĺۼ
ڽǰסŲӦһ˲ϢᱻȥԴ
ǽѺۣδЪƲڶࡰǡɢ
ҽЩǡӶɢش۵һһںڵѪͨڵء
ұ任
ΡΡ֣̯¶һöƵƬ
ƬܷյúܽѿڽĻһӣѪ죬öƬضƻƿ޵ıϡ
ҵشϢţҲ֪ʹˣǱʲôԭ֮βһˮ⣬ãһˮӴ۽ǻ䣬žણ΢һ졣
Ƭϡ
ѪɫȾһЩˮʵ̫΢Сܿ챻Ѫɫû޺ۼ
ٿս֣˱ۣ£ҪվָȻкİâ
Ȼۡ
âָѵʶ֣°âɶˣܿɢһţǰ
ַɿǰ۳һĻӰ
β˫һſʵݣʶϤ
סˣһʱ˱Ķ
β˶Ӱ
ζһ
ѩ׵չرס˴еꡣ
СӰ˿ڣ׾ذοޣ

߷ʲô΢ѩ޴ӵ֪
ĺָ΢ѩܵ÷ɿ죬һӣȷȫ޶ͣʦ𣿡
⶯ȻǹϤĹԽŨ΢ѩɢ
һ£תͷ΢ѩ
΢ѩЩѹ֣ۿʱβĪЩ죬Ŵüͷ̫ӡ
ĺһĶʱϸߣ֮£ֻΪǷ΢ѩҶս˾ɼ΢ѩҲؾʹ
Ȼնȥһ˿ͱ΢ѩתת󣬾ܾˡ
Ǿɼ΢ѩ˱ۣʱһܱȾɼ΢ôѸһ㡣
侲Һ˱ơ
лҪ˵С¶Īš
ڸûŵǴⷭĳ



57
ƣ
ĺһʱûת ֱ΢ѩὫֳۣüģ ΢ĹƮ
ĺһ飬Ժ͵ðǰĶԻ
ͬ곤ɣһ㲻ͬʱʳáǳײһЧЩ֡
ʲôЧã
ߣ顣
ϵڱ ѵĺˡ
һʦ𡱣 ٿֹŵؿ
ֻԼָɬɤЩ˵ڣĺһ£ﹾֻС̡
һֻʵʵȰ˼룬 һֻ ؽļ䣬 ЩġΪ֪ȴФѾõĳ׷ھ
ĺֻͣһ䣬ͺԥѡ񵱸ʦǽѵĺͽܡ
۵ױһ ס΢ѩֱۣű ޼ɵؽԼĵ¶ȴݹȥʦҰ㡣
΢ѩֻоֱϻһȦͼ뽫ǹĪѹסȻЧ̫롣
ĺ˵ ĺһۡ
ĺ˳ġ
ɲ֪ʱԱ仯
ϹǹֻǶЩ̫ǿƣڹɵ¡ܻЩ档
΢ѩѲ֪ûĺԳƹӡˡ
ǿѹѹڵȸУûڵʧصĵزǳһûлӦֻߣҼǵòԶиȪ
ˮϵɾ΢ѹһ⡣

ͬؾ⣬Ȫںס
ƵǶںףҸӣɽȪʣλ棬һɢһİݡ
ͳȪ
δ߽ӹ
΢ѩһ·ûô˵ʱӣûɢȥԽͷԽԽ죬ôѹѹסþһļµĸо
ϤĿڷӿš
΢ѩŴŲҴңֱȪżŵ˿ɲ룬һ̤룬һ·΢ü滺Щ
ǵѵȸҲ˼֡
Ȼһɵ̫Щ
Ȫһ˲ĺҲ֮ȵվǰȪԼ֮䡣
΢ѩ⧲ʶ̧֮
ʦ𡣡Сͷ괹ִظҰ㡣
ʲô
ô
ӵĹϢȪѹ˼֣Ҳ΢ѩ£У΢ѩ⶯˼һ˿ٶۡ
֪Ƿ΢ѩĴԼԼܵһΣյϢǰϢӳ
ֱܵĺԶһ㡣
ǻУǹɻڶݵѹ֮־Ѹײڶ֮Ѹתȫ
һִֻ
ᣬ΢ѩһ飬ֻñĵطһ𻨡ڵض˶壬ȥһЩεķӦһ߽ѹƣһ߹򶨵ƿĺ飺ãԼžУϡ
ҲǿʲôֻǾá
ͷûת꣬δ£΢ѩǰһһʹ
ĺ鲻᲻صҧ˿ڣһɨ̧ͷƷʲôƵ򴽣ʦҰɡҲȾˡ
΢ѩ㵣
΢ſڣûӦһļҪĺ޹ĪоʲôҪѿˡ˵ʲôһůĳβ͸ܾᳵ·̽һ
ǵ
һˡ
Ĵβѧһж
΢ѩٿʧȥ˲ϢãһЩҧԼͷ
״β̽һ£ûõܾԽ޼ɵ
βһȾϱɫʣƬ̺΢ѩ̳ݼսѹ𽥻ҵϢȡ
˸į
ػû˵
ĺ׷ɫڲѹռеıܣԥǰδĻﾡû


һ֣Ҳ֪˶á
ʵǳ΢ѩԤϷΧ֮ǰδԹĸܡ
˳ɵӶ޴ӿܡ
ԭҲôܡ
ǵﶼ˵֦ܴݲеڿ籩ɪɪ֦Ҷҡҷ
˳Եļ֮¡
ԭġ
Ϊʲôһ˵ϤС
֪˶ã΢ѩŽƽԺͷ޲˲ۡ
󱳵ŵȶϤԾɳԵζ΢ѩ΢һӯȴ񱻲ƣۡ
ƣƽʱɼʱƣͬǡ΢ѩ޲˲ƫ˼ضϣ̵س˳üģ̣ûţȥ
£ŷɤҲòԼ
ɳƣ·ɿûȹˮ
΢ѩ˴
ƵոջָƽȾɫ
ľȻһ˲ؽĺࡢǻʶ뿪µƫͷȥŷŵģǼӲĺףİšĺƶ䡣
ѩ׵ƶʣůʣ΢  ƣС
˲
Ȼ΢ѩһתۣԶһƬ֮־۵ס
˵ĳڵϣѩ͸ɫڳ󽻴Ī䣬Ա߻һʾŷ鼱֮µĻҡ
˻
̫̫ˡ
̫ˡ
΢ѩֱӵر˱ۡ
ԺհףĬ˼䡰ɫǿտռɫ΢˶תǿŹУ뷭
Ȼһͱ˲˸
·ϴ治úˬ졢˿ĳ̣֪ˣŵȦסЩֺõʣʦ𣿡
΢ѩ֣û·ˣسԱߣȴʲôһġ
ʲô΢ѩһ٣ֽǶⶫģеӡ󣬸ղšʱĺġ
·˵˾ʲô
ֻʱʲôû壺ոա˵ʲô
͸ʦĽ׹ĺ΢ѩ˵ˣ΢΢˿ס΢ѩȥ΢ѩֱ£һö񣺡ո˵ǡ
ǽڷָ΢ѩһս˰׹ʦ㡣
лҪ˵Ļ



58
У ʸϸ΢
΢ѩ˶ָ⣬ָ˰͹ƽĵ·ϸ΢覴ã ̵ܿ˷Ѿ˼׾ز⡣
仺ʣעģЯ
ֳξ
΢ѩڰм䡢һ޺֮ϣ һ˲
һĨӦĪһʶϤӿ Ҳ̧ڲԶĳףԭϵŽ׹ĵطġ
·͵ϵö׹
΢ѩͷԽƶ
һ̧һֻ֣ٻ ؽѹϵĳڽһԣ ɹ
ϣ ͨѩ͸
΢ѩﶼö׹ںĺĵڶ仰⽣׹̵ģ
ĦŰԺȴһ¡
Сĺ鵱͵͵ȥ ˵һö׹͸˭֪İ̫ǿ СĺС΢򲻹ҪüʱСһҪɥצˡ
Сĺ˺ܾõˣٺ΢ѩɽٳ¼ҡĺ
׹¶Ͳ֮޺ˡ
öûȵӦ΢ѩƫͷȥ һ˫γίıͫ
գգۣź֪Ӧ
֪ΪΣ֮ǰĺ˵ֻ΢Щ⣬ڵļµĵز
ˮ֮֮΢ѩ⼸֣;ζͬˡ
⼸ַļ䡣
׾뵽ղĺôס֣ʮָۡܲɷֵơ
ߵУߣһʦ
˵ĶȴΪ·ĸʩչ쾡¡

΢ѩڸϽԺɫĳѹȥĬĬ򴽣Ŭȡܸ䵭һڶ⡣
򶨵Ӧã֪ˡ
ҶȻҵģҽϵ𣿡
ĺûеõҪĻӦЩʧ֣˶û˵ʲôֻӦãɿ΢ѩ֣׹ϵϡ
׹ͷ˿ףһͷϵһͷѩ׵ա
ĺĶ£ʱʱ΢ѩһԵֱġ
΢ѩָ΢΢𣬿ĺ鶯׾ȴϸµϵŽ׹Ƭʧ
ȻƽʲôůġʧõԲУܵռѡ
΢ѩĺջֵͬʱͻأزһѱסꡣ
ֻɢɢż£´ûϵ΢ѩôһ½䣬¶Ƭš
΢ѩ۽ƳĳЩĺۼһ٣ͷ꾱Ѵ
ãŵӦ
ԡƫͷ˸ǣ૵ʲôԡ
ϲ
ҲӵС
΢ѩΪɼƫƽ˫ҲȺ
űչ˹һЩ¶ȡ
ĺͷ˽
ûϵ΢ѩӦһʱסòųٶ۵΢ѩ˼츲صϲӿͷɵɵſڣʦ𡭡
ָѱһӵϣĺɤ˶һֶ˵
ֻűסЦЦ飬һЩ졣


ƶ䰼ȥ
ҡҡλΣ޳Ӱ
һαƶʱǽ׹
ʲôƵģٿ
轣ƶ֮ܵطټȡܵѩ͸Ľսзһһ
⶯ûܱ˹ע
Ҳеġ
΢ѩϾǸ֮ӦԼʲôھκǿƿĺ飬һ߳ţһۣ߰޲ͣһ¡ס
״ݸĸӦԽŨң΢ѩ˼бܵظоǼҪ£ȥ񽣣ȻָƶԵͱȵؿסˡ
סһë޵Ĵβ͡
΢ѩһᣬȻʳ֪ζʳĳֻǲԸſЧ΢΢˺죬ûѿջǲܵطˣβ;ס׳١
úֻȻ
Ƭ̺󣬲ֲΡΡиƶߡ
ϸָϡֱϣźüǳǳӡ
Ҳʱ΢ѩܸʶĺǰѪ֮ͨĲ
ʤӡϡ
΢ѩ˿̯ƽԼһˮ㡭ںס
һදãĳֻ֪ĻᣬЩⲻס
ĺƽ˳ģЩʱȴʮǿơ
΢ѩ߰ţ΢΢ЪϢһʱҲ˸ײͬѰĶ
ֱõĸͲȥˣ½һɵİŴӽƮҡҡλεƮƶ䣬Ŀ׼ȷ΢ѩˡ
û˳ɣĺۼֿСһ˲ŤŤȥ֨֨֨
ϸ֨֨΢ѩ̧ۣĺָŵĶһЩ졣
ǡû˵꣬СٿСһӴĺָѿ˵΢ѩϡ
ƮƮģĶȴܳء
ͬһ˲䣬Ӽӿ룬΢ѩ˵껰էȻֹ
лҪ˵ڵ̣һҪ2w5ͣҪģߣ١ϣ
β͡β˵ɣĶдˣߣ١ϣ



59
ӵ ӣҵؼԺ
΢ѩƱߵٿ֮ Ƶðֱϵɫ綼˼̵֡ر˱ۣͷܿ߳ȻΪܡ
ĺ鷭𣬽΢ѩڻ ָֻ΢ѩϵСţҲؾԱһӡ
С΢ѩϢ Ҳûʲô⣬΢ѩû˵һ֣û֮顣
Զ·һֱ˯СˣŴ΢ѩ ҡҡλεվȣ ͿһֻսСţ žߴһǰ
ˤˣԲ̱һ
С̴һ£ ȥСش˴ŴƵԲ ָмã̲ס˼¡
ϤϢСʹᣬȷ΢ѩϢ̵˹ȥ һѱסֻС
Сűѹһǳǳġ
СˣܸˣֻСŹȥֵԽ𾢡
ֻСڸʲôĺ鲢û̫⣬ȫڻϣ΢ѩܵü򴽣ǿƵطֿ΢ѩյȭͷָȥ֮ʮָۣضȥ
΢ѩڼ
˫޵Чϲˡ
ֻбʲôԭ
֮΢ѩָüã仹δȫԭʢʱڣЩԷȡѲ⡣
ĺ鰲һᣬһ£Сĵطųʶ̽΢ѩ
΢ѩȻڻУҲݵʶ
ĺʶᳵ·ȥ΢ѩʶӴһЩҵļƬʱһ㶡

临ԭʵ̶ֻһӣ΢ѩȴù˺ܾáõ·ʮ꼸ʮһ  ӡ
лֻصִСĹ־һ飬ֱĳҹģ˱ġ
С˵ǰǸ˳İС꣬΢ѩԹСûеֿ֮ıʺã֮䣬Ͷֹճġ
ںԼͬɾҲǵʦΪ˶¶˺ǣЩˤֻ
¾ͺˡ
һ΢ѩԼˣǵʦͬ΢ѩɾٺ΢ѩɾ˸ͽܡ
ԭ鲻ͬǣûΪǰͶɱ֣ϤչСĺ飬Űݣչƽ󡪡
໤ء֪మ
ƺ˳ˮɵ¡
ҵļ䱻ҷһһ
ԭĲ²ⱻ֤ʵ˸߰˰ˣĺ֮ǰȻи˵ġǰ
΢ѩͷʹѣﱻּ䣬ĺοŵָ΢ţָⷺס
ٵشϢţеؼ󷭼Щ䣬֪淢ʲô˵ز
һʼļ䡭
΢ѩû̫μĴһǺˣĺһģһݣֻĮѵ޸顣
΢ѩΪǡǰʷ⣬²ԭĺǾԭ˫˫ű˸ӴΪµġ΢ѩɾ
Ϊĺ·Ҳԭﱻ΢ѩɾ˺ļ䡣
ڿǰͱ۸Ĺ飬Ǻĺ鶼˫˫ƻ˱˴ˣȻɱ
ģ񱻴˸ֺ̹ǵʹģģӿͼ˼
΢ѩ뵽һ²⣬ֱǻ
ʹ˼֣оǿж˶
ȻѾõļ̫Ӵңһʱ֮䲻ȫͷų
΢ѩֻüһƬߣֳȻϨӹʱʵ䣬ţãŵͷĺļͷֳ־˿
ĺţֱСػʦ𣿡
ĺʶȻȥ΢ѩʶǻ΢ѩʶæŽոּ䣬ûմȻ˼ƬΣΪֲһͷˮ
ֻܵؾʲôΪĶƷˡ
ĺЩ֧ƬΣЩ΢ѩദĳʱΣʱԭͣһ⣬΢ѩΪ׽ޱǡ
ЩƬζ͸һϤУѱ䣬ǵЩӺζ
ȵȡ
ĺ˼һ˲ͣ١
ڻĮǻʱҲпһЩݵģ΢ѩ
ֻʱΪ̫ڵ΢ѩĿٵ룬ǣǡ
һ۵׽ãͲ
С̱СŴһᣬؽ֮ڱϣܵƶߣһԾȵƶ΢΢ݡ
СűСһͨѩ޵ı̱Բֻѩѩ׵ģΪһ塣
΢ѩ̧ͷתȥСǵܹһԾԾ΢ѩצãαסë޵ʹزţβһ˦һ˦
ƽǰսΣܹһˣǺ¡
΢ѩߴС̱ϵѩСͣƬ̣Ӧ޵ϵֻؽתȥ׹֮ϡ
ǰĳ֮ϣôһö׹

ĺ͵ģõǵСĺһɻ񣬵̵·Ҳͼ޶ĺϵơ
С̱ϵֻСš
֪ʱһʶ䣬ڳ뽣һ˯ţţֱ׹볤鱻ѣιҲؼա
΢ѩֱǰµĺۼ
Լµľʾ
΢ѩһᣬͻأڣ飬㻹ǲǵöĶģ
ĺһ˲ҳġ
ʱö񣬵һӦǿԸ΢ѩһ׹ͷب̫ңȻʶԴ
ôôһö
΢ѩϸ۲飬Ȼʮȥɽɵģһֻҧˣ˺üµˡ㻹ǵ𣿡
ĺãȻҡҡͷ΢ѩһĮǻʱпʲô

ͬʱңԶĳ
ĺ黮Ľѽɢֻڵһһ֮֮Ѻۡ
Ѻ۸ǴǰݵġǡҲɺԻûģɫУڸʴˣһ̲̲ճҺɢڳӸζһƬ
ҳһ׳ʵĺʵ壬չ˫׾رס˰ڵءꡣ
ŸոսѳʱĽͳ˯ʣµЩֻǿ۸塣
ʵܶ޵ģˡʼǱСĿѵġ
ʯУһֱܶҲʹûӵС꣬˵οҲܡ
ˣ˫ַͷĹЩ֪롭ǰ뺣ģƤʵʹ  ĸޣ⿴ࡣ
ȻһᣬŸСָ۽ǡ
һָᡣ
ʪģȵġ
ƺͺˮһ
֪뵽ʲôջָ⣬һ¡
ЩࡢЩɬζ
ǲ̫˵ζ
ϲ
֪ôˣͼѰңԶļ䣬һã̽ԴͷȻԽ͵Խļ
ҲҶˣֻګګСޣСޡ
ܾûôѹˡ
꣬Ĺʱܻʯߣ˵շ£ֱ˭ô۸ˣ˵˵žͻᣬһͻգʹ
һ㡣
һһͻĳԲ򡢳С̶㡣
ʱţ곤ˣǿˣ޵ĴԽԽ٣ҲǡôôǱˡ˭ôô
һΣʹֶΣѹ˫ֳɹ¥֮λ
˵µʱ֣ܵޣҲЦƽ׽Ǹʲô˼
ţĪе㻳ǰСްζ־òҲͦõġ
˵겻ٱ۸ˡ
Ҳѹˡ
Ҫ飬ȻĿһݣظоʲôһ١
ͣҧŴ̧Ƥڵӻתһ£޶һ飬޲һ˲ٿñ
ȫ˸ˡʵҲˡ
һʱ֮䲨̫ңһʶʱŻռٿ  塣
ʶҲǵһδΧٿر˵壬Щ裬̫ؿšվӲתһ²ӡ
ĳ˫谭ж
ǡһơ
һûʡδָƵõ˼չһײΧüɺʯ
ſվС
ĵؿ۵׻⣬Ŀȴ䵭ڿһֵһİˣֻһƳջߣȻûкͺ񽲻Ĵ㣬תͳ΢ѩ뿪ķȥ
ȻʲôϸһӦϳ㣡
󲽿ˡǰȵСϳ
һʯ׶꣬СĿѵõ⣬ǰձһͻȻֵغ˴ʯų֮⡣
Ȼغ˽ųûģԭռ壬ȻԸ⣬Žʣͺ˴һûöԷóѡ
˭غתͷ͸
һ˿գµҲûķӣҲ⶯ֻ֣ܾضš뿪˭
أͷüÿ
Ҳˣ󣬶Щͳơ
΢ѩĺڣһ±ϳ˭ǲǰСĶӵĳȻ
Ȼ鼫ȶӣĺСʱһ£ƵڶûܸԭԽ⣬ǵڣʴ
аѹƲס
ѡ֮ӡ
Ψһǡ
˭Ҳ޷˺Ĵڡ
Ȼҧҧ·ٵ飬̧Ҫ֮ɢ
֮ǰ븽
֮µģ˭֪񱻽꣬ȻôѸ㣬˷ѹ򣬵Ϸת񲻶
ת棬ȻǣаԵãƾջóһ͵سȥ
з״֮ܿһ
ȻɵȴҪ˼Ų壬֮·磬ۼĳȻ磬ƿնһҧչᣬҪ˱Σգǿмȡֿ
һ͸ǽٿ֣֮һ
ȻĽǡǡô̵˱ǽ֮ϣһɳǺ˳ŽϣѸٲ֮ɱ˪͸Ȼ
̵Ȼ֣׹δأ㱻˪ĽĶΣѵأ
Ȼͷͻͻֱ˼ʶ˵ľٶӲվסˣɫΪѿＷһʹ֣΢ѩ
лҪ˵ҶcpСҲҪУ
⣬жٸcpˣҶǲˣ



60
սʱֹ Щأ˼ȡķ
͡ãЩǱ޼ɵ ȴţֻսжˣһֹĽǶбŵ޳ѩ׵βҲƷ˼Ƭۣ ¶Ѫ˿ڣͺۡ
ɫ䣬 ·۵Ĳĳ򣬻Ҳֻۣؿһ֡˳Ȼһıǽ
Ȼܸܵǽ̲صȻ⣬һһ¾ͻᱻɱ
û˶ʲô⣬ Ӧˡ
Բ¶ȣ Ȼǵǽ ͬɲ
һܴ꣬Ҳûõȥ
ȻʱǳǿжĲٿȨģ 񣬿ʼ ȻȻƾаѹһԱų
ֵģǻ˼ĺ񣬾㲻 ҲŸͷ׺
ǽĽ˳ȻĽ󣬾ڡ
ֻһͨѩ͸ĳббԭŵĺϽ׹΢Σֻ߽ңңţܾʴǡ
Ȼϳǳףɫѿ˼֡
ѿں΢ѩ̽񿴼ⳤﻹ̽Ȼ΢ѩˣ
̧۳ȥȻƼһӰĲ죬ʩչϢ
һۿںԶһգ۾ߵǰ
Ȼҧٴκ޺޿ڣ΢ѩ
ֻСѾ˺ƤȻҲάֱƽոȻӦ֣Ǳһ£ǣˣʹòڱĻʶ̲ס졣
Խա
΢ѩӦ
šȻûаϢһֱϳˣˡһ̧ۣ֣һתƵضɻѩ׵Ľ׹ڰлζƯָɴĻȡ
ʦͽֻ꣬ѧЩ
ֱǰĺ򵥵ض˶Լ䣬Գ಻ѰĶ
ȥǽʵֲԵĻһĲѰǳȻ
ǰûгȻôˡ
΢ѩʼֻĺһͽܡ
һȻƾճ֣йŹ֡
뵽ָϣ΢ѩ
ǵļ仹жϲ㣬΢ѩµʶСӱӡ̫ˣձųЩٶۣӦںϵúͷٳ޽ȡ
΢ѩ²ȻĳֺļйأСѩˣյزϴС̶Ƥ˯ˣѣ΢ѩߴٲܣֻʱѹס˹Ƶ󣬺ĺ·
쳣߷ʲô
ĺѭȪȥѰҴؾ뿪ĺĵ㡣
˵ĺڻĮ﾿ʲô
΢ѩţ̲ס¶ԭû̫ģֻһʣ˭֪ĺɫ΢䣬ɿ⣬ǵ
ȻʣĺҲֻϺӦԣ˵ˡ
СͽܾȻСܲ˵΢ѩ򴽡
Ժдʱ䣬Ƚ˳Ȼٺú׷ʺˣ˵ýݡ
΢ѩ⣬ͷѹ£Ƴһۺ񣬼ԷץʱָעŲˡϣȻ˭
΢ѩΣûĺ飬Źֵ죬С֣¶Цݣʦûк˵Ϊʦֶ
˵Ȼʲô̫ԣȻ
üǸղʲôȥˣ
㵵£ЦһʱûջݿЩŤ߷΢ѩϴתҪϿ仨ŵʣĺȥˣĺղʲôȥˣ
ʵظֻ뿪һСᣬȥʲôˣ
Ϊʲô΢ѩһγµϢ
ĺϢȷжԣѡ֮ӡһ޶Ϣ
ζűӻϢ
Ȼ뵽ʲôһʱץ˽аħģħ֣ٴλûһ
ħϣͣһ顣
ʲôȥˣ
ǽ⣡
΢ѩ֪ȻڼЩʲôĳЩۣúбҪһ£ûһСᣬǸ뿪ʱ˰ɣҵʲô
£ͳȻ뿴
΢ѩ
ɳɤؾʱŲһ
еĵطգۼ䣬еĵطȴչǰڳǴ߰գЪǱݸԭôβصˣ߰ա
΢ѩϣСҪȵ
΢ѩĵͦŹֵģҲû̫⣬ֻƼβ뵽ǰ顣
ƺʶ񣬻ͺϵǳ֮ǰǲʲôˣ
΢ѩû˼ʲôȻѾ侲ˡ
˿ȴܿ΢ѩϲһְԵĹâڻ΢ѩڡ
һĻǵһγ֣ǰûܳ΢ѩҲΪ΢ѩϳĹâ
âٴ΢ѩںϡǾǼٽĺ֣֮Ҳ޷׳  ΢ѩˡ
ǳȻԸҲܽܵĽ֡
˲࣬ĺ鲻ڣŹâδȫڣаӿϾۼһӣźˮӿγˮ΢ѩ
΢ѩ׳ʣ½ˮɢҪȻ֣Աߺ趯΢Щ󣺡Ҫ˵С
΢ѩ˶٣ûӦֻע˼֡
Ǹܵʱȣֶű˵ǲصˣȻƵͳС
ؾԺ΢ѩѹãԳȻȴƺǺ޷Ӧһʱ֮䣬˴
˭Ҳκβ˭
ִ򷨣˺Ļ塣
ۼѪȴľزͣЪس˵һǧ˰ٵļƣ۵׸ֽǣӲһû֡
ĳβϣƬۣӲҲ˽á
վȣӿ޲˽ȱڣٴὣ
΢ѩüĿʹһлΪΣӡƵضγһܲ͸ĽǽסȻǲ
⻰ƺ˳Ȼŵĵ㡣
ҪƿǽĶһ٣ɿһ˿ǣݼţŭĿŭǣ㣡
ˣȻ˼ƫͷ˼Ѫɫ԰ףĿȴʹޣһ̵ǽϣǿмȡ
𣬽ǽѣȻ˿ڴĿƬ̻ǣ૵Щˡ
ȻԽΪ̫УЩ
΢ѩͷһ֮ǰԼԼĲ²⸡Ժ˼ʵ  ʲôϵΪǣ
һ仰£Ȼ͵ضס
Ȼֹ΢ѩϣ͸ǣڽʹ޶ؾչ¶
žţҲߵѪ΢ѩǸ⡣
һһٵز䣺ǸԣҪĺ⣡
лҪ˵gifôһСΪʲô˫һˣ
jpgɴ˱ҪjpgûһСᣡûУ
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ŬܻһЩ㵱ҹ



61
Ǹԣ Ҫĺ⣡
Ȼ˵̫ƶôһ˲䣬΢ѩšƨ
䵭ؿųȻ ڿû˵ɵӡ
û˱ϣĺúõġ
Ȼı֪š
΢ѩʱ֣ȻҲֵ͵лһ
ǲһŪǰ⣬κγȻոչĹͷȡ࣬ ӿ Ѫйģ·һ˲Ҫ
ȻҶǰϧ壬֮ᱻ΢ѩ׽Ŵ
ǰҲûԹ
Ȼ뵽飬һ¡
һ߽ƽ궯 һͼһʱ䣺ĺ鱾ûħ  ؼ䣬˸桭ƫҪˣʹһһ޳ɣ ججⲻǺʲô
ħ
΢ѩüͷ΢ ʶԭ飬Ĭ俴šǽӲŹֵϳȻ١
˵ʲôܿ崦ں״̬ ļ٣ֲֻţĬĬӦϢԼ˵ѹơ
սһöƵƬųҼġ
˵öƣʵ͸Сġ
ԭֻһųں׵ƽƽСʯƷһ㣬㲻ֻʯ£ԴԴй꣬𽥳ʣ͸
˵ʯǺġ
ʼֻǼС޵ϡﻩ֪ô죬ǽֳѵСָ˸·ʯףڳöʯ
ôÿʯСӦûῪĵģ롣
ȻСڵʯʮϲĵЩ˸ʯʯ񱻺ˮ嵴ò˸Դŵء
ǰСʲôʯűߵĿҡҡ׹ĺʯ
ңԶĻ䷭߸Ҳ̶һ˲
ƬǲпģȻԼԼģеʹĸоˡ۱Ʒ˶ûʲôоġ
ôţȴû֣ȻӦһ˿޵ϵһ
һߣȻڲͣ˵
΢ѩ׽΢ѩ˼ԽļŷҪ΢ѩģһᣬ㲻ˣƵģϱû¶඼˵˳
ĺ·ˣȻҪҷӵĹ򡣡
ȻڵϵĽⲻסҵĺۼʱ΢ѩʱͷźˮգ٣ظţõĳϿɣֻõʲô
˶ⶼôڣûˣˡôڣ
΢ѩҵĻ⵽ʲô޴ĻУ㡭ǣ滮˼ȶ·ߣϡб谭ǾҪĨɱ⣬ǿбǵĹ滮ȥ
΢΢˶Сű΢ѩľǣˣû˯Сһﲻ˵ֱС̶ƤСȻϽצסСŲԼë޵Ƥ
ΪȻ̹ףֻСˣδļֿʼָ
΢ѩ˼Խ˶źᣬȴǲԾȻ  óȻʶڲ𣿡
΢ѩǱ飬һ顣
һѾƵ硪ȫһ̣Է˹Ҳν
˶ʼԭһߡ
ΣҲ޴ڡ
֣ʹųȻеѡ֮ӣĺ飬ռȶߣСϸϿƫսǼȶ֣Ϊκˡκضġ
һԭֱ˸͡
˸ıһе⡭΢ѩ
۸ĺҪ飬Ťתĺ黯ħĽ֣ʹ߶ƫ롣
ڣӰԳ֣Ǵһҷ
ǱǳȻ
΢ѩ˼ֻȻֻƬͽ⡰˸ϵһ֣Խ
⼸Ȼ޵òˣҲλὫɱûжֻ֣һֿܡ
ɱ
Ծƫľعȴ޷Բ֣ԳȻֻܲϵ䣬ͼĺ飬Ŵĺɱ
һ㣬΢ѩͷһɡ
ȻȻԶ֣ǰЩͱļ䡭ҲҲ棬пͳȻŪʲôϷǵ
Լĺ֣Ҳĺ
ܿƻ󡢱ɱƭ
Щڹıܣ޷ıġ
һʼȻû˼䣬ĺ֣ǻĶĺˣҲǻۡ
ʱǹŹֵʶǡԭ룬ԭ绹δüʼʹˣԭ

΢ѩɾ
ʶԿĵֻضٴΣ޷ĥıܡͰ
΢ѩ֪뵽ʲôۿ΢΢Щȡ
ˣĺγˡ
һĵļ䣬ɵͽջѡʹ࣬˳صԴ
ɶֿŪżΪеë޴β͡
΢ѩȻֳ嶯̵ĺǰӵЩ䶼Ǽٵģʹ࣬ؾ
ǰ谭뷨
΢ѩĿʮֲơ
һתϢܣڸ׽ƲƴѺĸԽϺĿ
ȻŨصɱէȻֹͷӿ𾪾壬⾪ɢһֱû΢ѩֻ΢ѩһҪȥ⡣
ڣȻ΢ѩϣԼԼֳѡ֮һˡ
Ȼ谵ʾ
գźҲһƬ
廹ûȫԭԾڼȻȲȥˣٵȥȵ΢ѩͻأֵ֮ȫںϣҲ΢ѩˣ
ȻĿ¶ὣа£ˮٿؼӿ们䣬¶һƬڵħƣħѴѸӿӰӰ´µģ븡ֱϡ
֮ԲȫϣΪʶѹھҿ
Ȼһ˲ùʶŴϣܵķģÿħɱ⣬ħֻ֣Ȼһͻѿǰһжɸɾ
Ȼؾ
ͬһϧһĴۣ
΢ѩȺ飬ħ鼮˲٣һ  ϳħ޵ＫΪ׶һ
ⷨһɣ䲻˵л֮ܣؾȫûģؾ飬ЩؾҲӲ
ΨһܰȻ뿪ģֻбԭ򱣻ţ޿κεĺ顣
ǵĽָ
֮ⷨԳ׶񣬳Чᷴʩˡ
ʩֻһ֡ǣɢ
΢ѩ⣬׼ԽƷԳĬѾõĺһȻ˹ȥ
Ӻ˫䣬׷źһ𣬽˰£С
һֹסڻӶĳһѻķϣЩħ
һ˲ʣյʲô޿ɵֵƣˢһ£ﴩ
΢ѩʶ㣬Ҳ̲סһº
ΪѪȳûг֣Щ𴩹壬ȴֺǽڵĳȻʶ˳
һɫӰ˳Ǳ˼ͬһʱ䣬һѱסίٵûɡ
͸֧ʹúӰһ˲͸ʵ廯죬ֱִۣ˸ա
һסˣԭأܿ췴ӦȨ󣬷鱧ס
񣡡̵
ƬžߴأԴżûɢ
һߣƳĳȻǱΰ͸˴ķɫ࣬ȥû˽õǣԭܵľ˷ʹ޲ش
ɷ
ϾǲʣŴ΢ѩ̧֣аģ˻ħ
ȻֺޣҧأＷ  һ仰Źģս޸
ƺʲôʲôǣһĨܵĻȣΪ𡭡󲻲ް
δ˵꣬ٿȻа΢ѩͶ
а׻ѣɹаħƣڰܻû޴͵ħӰħŨҵʵʡ
ħӰצǵײеĹ⣬ݿɲ˹Ҫ΢ѩ̳븹
ûܽӽ΢ѩ
΢ѩҲûüնɱ
һէȻ֣ĺеĳϢ˲Ϣ顣
ħӰ˲ʧ˻Ȼֹħɢȥ
һ˻ģǳȻĲҽ
аãһ򹲻١
ȻӰҲ֮ѿ֧飬ٱĺ赭дһͳ׻ޣֻһʹԹ޵
αװŲǲ֪ڡ
伣
лҪ˵˳ĳûĳᡭǣͺ  


62
ȻӰʧúܿ죬 գۼûӰ΢ѩۣ֪ǷĴ ܾν Ҳ˵̫Щ
ʱϾ˼
Ȼǻҷˣ ڳĶþδͣЪа֮ ħûԼ ȿֺطӿڳһƬ Ѹ
ȳŵζûָι״ĻӰӣӰӰ´¡ص Χ΢ѩĺ
Ƕаɹħû壬˺ۿۣƮƮȥģ ǺۣܰҲȾؾ
ؾＳȡȪʱգػ޳ɴ󺦡
ĺὣת˲նɱʮֻ ΢ѩҲż롣
ЩħӰʵܲϵ ΢ѩ΢ѩ¶ϢǶջʮ㡣
Ҳܺ¸׺ͳڣã ̽ųҪæŻŵȥΪ
΢ѩĺûǻ
п磬УˢˢˢһƬӰ
ЩӰûŽУͷ׷ڽ֮Уֻҽ˷Żͦ˵ġ
̶̰ӣһֻħӰҲȥ
΢ѩ˿ĺһۣ¶ǳЦ⣬ҪͺˣһתͷȴûˣֻһƬɰ
ʶ
ʱֻеһ㣬գۼ͹ŨһƬܿ΢ѩǡ
΢ѩܵϤ΢΢һ㶡
·ǡǧ̫ص
亮̹ǣ̫أϴ
ĺȻҲʶˣҲûֻĬĬ΢ѩһ΢ѩһԷţŨǳ  û
ȻŨ֮ǧ̫صľ
ڳƮԼɼˮ︡ѩʵصӳһ޳Ӱ
΢ѩ̧رὣ˶ۡ
ݺĺһģһŵĽǳףһĻǰһĵ龰غˡ
΢ѩЩĿ⽥ˣһɨ˵ݡ
Ǻĺ鳤һģһȴһʻϢûСһ˫īͫĳκθƵһľګͿն
Сȥҡҡλεġ
˿˿ƵظӦݹ΢ѩ߻ƣŲгϣǶյģûн׹
׹Ūˡ
ͷĪ֣һ˲Сź֨ѽһ΢ѩһʧļٿȻޱȡ
ˡ
Ӧǰһμ䡣
һ·۸ľ飬ʱûʶʲôӦѾˡ
ѾСͽһˣĺû¶ݣҲûħһкԭ鱳ۡ
ŭ֮£ִټһĺ;жݵķֱʱͼɱǲǳȻĵһγ֡
Ȼƾ򲻹΢ѩһ٣ҡ
ǴþƣȻ⻹Ƿˡ
У΢ѩĽ׹ˣ֪䵽˺δ
Сͽģ˵ǶﶼΪ΢ѩĪ˺ɱʱûηֽ׹ʧȴǱɫ϶³Ȼȥҽ׹
֪ôĴڣҲû̫ѳȻһ£ûϵȻʼնȥǿнƵϧαװĺģɱᡣ
ʱ΢ѩһۿ
ȻαװΪУԵֿ֮ӲһոմţĺӦʲôϹˡ
ĺˣ𣬲΢ѩԥش˳ȻרΪµľ֡
û˺ĺ飬ȴӰ
ٵĻǵضɷ˵ûĺ飬ʼǿмĺļ
΢ѩˣһʱ޷ֻĺصĻ޷Щԭľ飬ֺһĻ΢ѩˡ΢ѩɾһˡĺ顱š
Ѫ죬ʹ
΢ѩֻǻһƬҲ֪ΪˣΪЩĻ档
ѵתͷƼȻܾɿ任ѸٻָǰĳԼ²⵽˳Ȼͼ
Ȼڻݹ
ȻŤתⱻƫһС
ܵǻϵĽҲڽԭʹȴûɢ΢ѩһҧڻһ̣ǿзһʶҼУ˳ýһ˯š
̽뻳һ
ռ񵽵̡ƿ·Ϲ̡
΢ѩĦ̵ײ츴ӵĿ֣ʹҪʵʹУһ˿С
ܽŤĳص̣һöָ롣

ֳһһӹۻ
ǻԼԼЩۣ΢ѩӼ̲ס̧֣ؿڣźúõģûˡ
ǰ̫غˣֻǳȻеļƬλɵļ
΢ѩҪὣǰǸһļĺɢ˺ȻӿΪɲϢʶƫͷ
ֻĺĿƬ̻ɢͫɫתıɫ  ǿʲô棬۵ʹŭɫ
ĺҲǻָˡ
΢ѩðͷǣסĺ֣Ҫ˵ЩǼٵģ⣬ĺ鷴ֿס֣һֶֻȻὣ
żŭĽ޿ɵֵƽ룬̫ҲһΪֹˣ΢ѩֻ𣬻֮⣬ؾҲĽһӣ
ĺȥ׼ؾĲӦˮ嵴ӿ˸ֺҵȥ
ĺһȳ󣬷ս࣬Ȼһסؿڡ
΢ѩֶȻ΢ѩʹ⣬ƫͷ
ĺͷһ˲߳亹ɫ̶ʹ࣬ʶʲôҲػջȥһСŰ飬һ߽ɹȥ
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ݵֻ޴롢ѰʵеƤĴ̣һҧסĲӣʹҧ
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񽫸ջָһ˸ɾ Ȼڵɢĵزһʱû۳ʵˡ
ֻƬϣʯģ Ǹ֮
ɫӣ úܽ СҲûˣ źڱĳ üͷ壬һԡ
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΢ѩЦ꣬һѣһ˿⶯ƫͷĺ飬ĺ鲻֪뵽ʲô˲ָֻγʦһܺÿ
Ҳá΢ѩԣΪȻ㲻ԥϰʾ⣺ͷȡһԡ
ϰ塰มûеɣӣƱ˿⣬ɵһ㶼ȡҲֻܿ
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˵ɽСԶ
·ȥԼĪҪСʱ
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΢ѩ Ƴܡ
Χע⵽һĻ˲٣ Լֲ֣ Св޾ס ҶЩСϰΪ
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ĺר־غСС棬΢ѩһʶģ ǣһ΢ѩϢ𾢣ͣƬ̣ Ӧ޷
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66
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΢ѩĿʯջϣŹԷκһ˿䶯
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΢ѩҲ Сǣ ɴվǰǶԻ
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츣أ ˵Ϲؾתɣ ڲذ Ƕ һǰꡣ
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ڣ ΢ѩܸܵ˵ơ
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