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竡ߣ
İ
˶֪ħ޵һ˵İǷ飬ĥСȴǸ⣬ǳ
Ұĵӣ˵ûΣ
ԪѣҰĵӾһһţʲôɣ

ܼҳʽԣСŬǰԣԼᣬǳħഫͷ竡
Ҷ϶λСħ˽ˣǱȴһλҪġ
ͷҲСɿīݣã˼ģ˶ײϣûһС竲ٶ̨
ȴֲô£ֶһӿħٵɣ
ԤղأԴ
Ԥİ
ԽԽˣǿ־Ϸģͺܡܴ̼
˯ůɹ̫ĺӣǾ;Сĵܹϵġ
ݾͺܺã˭ܸ
ڰӵݸ˵ʱ֪ʲôʱ򻹶˸Եݡ
ϷԼ˵࣬ɤ˵ҪǸԽĻøԽ档
Сүű˵ҪڸԽҴ̣滹ᣬϴҾߣһԺ§С
˵轣УٲҲܿ·ǲǣ
ݱǩ֮ ֮ Խʱ 
ؼ֣ǣǣ飬ʦֵܣʦͽ
һ仰飺û뵱
⣺鰮
Ʒ
Խ磬ȫţֻһҴ棬ħħڣΪӡֻǰĻΪΪҲģֻһʱѪá⣬ʵȴĺǿʹųţȴҲһֱѡ˶ϷϷȴͶġ
λӸտʼ⣬˴˸ģͬһĸģĸдճճƽ飬ƽˮɡıϸ壬ɣܰһЦ


1 
ϣ޻ڡ
˵⻰Ż˵˵Ų̲пĻȴͬ飬Ҳ޸鲨
˵˵ʱȴ쳣΢΢ֱ˵
ηԴǸˣֶһл¹֮ɢ͵Ĺ
ת˵ӣһ±Ҫ̾˵ĺòԣ̲סҪСֻ¾ӡ
һӰȴ֪ΪΣߵЩ˶һǻһ㣬ûһֱģÿһ֫Զ˵Ŷλӵľη
λµ棬ջڸϵĿ⣬Ȼ̤ۡ
ۡǹ󣬹ǿĸžͼơƽҲ˳Ⱥûʵĸլ
ɽȴޣˣҲѾߡ
ƽɾɸȥĵ¹ʱԳ˰ɫ
Ѫ֮Ϊæµ˶·ϣݴ洦ɼ
ԽԽŨѪζУֻ紵Ҷɳɳɫ͸ӰӰ´µӰͶ°߰ߵ㣬ͥԺѾû˺ʬ֮ϡ
⴦µĸۡڴʱ˹լһ㣬ɭԺλӺߵ£ȴԴ˾˿ɫûпЩǼĳֻΪƽѡ
·һλ͵ʬ壬Ҳδֳ˿ŲҲδƬͣ鷿
䣬˵ǰ·Ȼһֱ鷿ȥ
.
νǵù͸ûԼǱƸ
п꣬һС˵æȻ㹤ʣһǧأԳ˵һ㶼ˡ
Сϰ˵ˣ԰Ӧ裬ֻ˵Ĺһһǧ顣
ȻСϰǵ֪ɼãæǸСӲβµ鷳£˲ξͲΰɣ鷳̸ܸˡ
ˣСسǵСæʱҲǷһͰæϲˣʰʰӣۣǸϰҲ̱ٵʱͰϰӽ⡣
һԤϰԤϰ飬ѾھӼҵһλѸпαˣ뾡ʱܰѸһѧڵ鱾һ顣
ȻԹϻҪȱѧҪŬΪСɼýѧǽ֮£Ǳ롣
СǱģŶᣬ軹ţǲ˶ѣĸҲ˵ǲˡ
ʱҲͦʱ֣ţֻͼԷûɶµˣ޳ĲǺùӡ͵ʳ˳֮˴Ҵҽˣûܹɡ
־ǸֺеС죬˻֮Ǯɣһ඼ܳԣȻȥ͵Ȼڳûʱͽ˼
ˣӣɶˣ͵Ҳûڳ裬Ҳ֪ôͱָϴˣѧҲ͵˫ȫ
ҲǳϴԣΪҲһˣҲֻܣ벻Ͷ
Ӿûһӵģѳͽ˹
û˳֮Ƿʼ͵ƭȻǶģԺ֣Ǹǳе¡
İвûУСʱӶţھͱľˡ
ڶкüûˣʱǴһε绰ó֪ǻš
һֱŻо˾סһģʵҲͦ˾˶Сһ
֮ܶаͬûУҲңԴӳסУ֮󣬳ҲȥǺٵʱѧУסŻȥ
ڼڿ㣬˵ЩĻͱȥԼǰۣԳȥҸɣ첻ڼ׬Ǯõġ
Ȼ󲿷ҪϽɣԼҲ͵ЩһСھҳԷóˡ
˳ʣµģǱӣ԰ѿҧ˵ǵ˺ʣµĶǺõģһЩûôĲˣ⡣
ǳҸɵĵһ죬Եĺܱôкһ쵽ʱѧУʱʳĲҪǮҵʱҲ˼ͰӡеĳԳŵʱ򣬳ǳ㡣
Եıͺãټ˽µǮŵܴ¶ǮȻϴѧһĴˡ
ܳһĴˣԳǼررõ£ܴӾ˾˼Ϳ湤Լ
·еϵߵУҪиʽּأ
һƴǡý·ĳ棬
СΪǶԲ׵İ裬ûٱϧ˵ôõĺӿϧˣûٱͬ飬Ͷ̥ࡣ
ɳԼʵƴһɾģֻҪһоͶˣǾбͷҲͲôࡣ
ڳѧ໰ˣ죬ٰͰʱôӢˡ
̫̫ߣ
֪ѪĶֲԸˡ
ģǶͬûеİ裬ǣŵĻܺţо˾ǣҲͲУǰܶТ˳ģҲˡ
ϣ̫࣬˻岻ãҲ̫Ͼţ˾͸˭ˡ
ǶԾ˾˾϶ĵ⳥Ҳ֪õ⳥;˾˾᲻Ϊ⳥
˵ʱԼƿɳµһԼûϵ㽵δ
˼ʱ򣬱ע⵽ǰһƬǳɹˣ
йںµĳûйֳʲô
Ŷ˶ܱصĸоͲƮƮܷɵĹ
ѽﲻԾȴǰѳһȻŷӦ۵Ĳ˵˾ȻԼ
ֶ˶֣ԼȥȻڵóһۣûбɹǱһССӣ
ļҲ׵ģСôһĵطвûеİɣֻ̫ˡ
ǳ˻Ӹ첲ûдˡ
ǰֲָĺڰóЩţȻְѽ˺ü
ҪߣҪ
۵Ĳ˵ӤӦˣ˻˺üɤӾûеڶ˵Ĵڡ
.
˵һ·ڶʬ壬Ѿ鷿һˡ
λͷˣڷһЩţȴδЩжӣȱȱ
ָ˼ţ»պá
һ鷿ﵢʱ䲢ãһĹλӱ㲻ٿ鷿еĶת뿪Ҳ֪ûҵҪҵġλӽҪ̤鷿ʱȴǽŲί٣ڳһȤɫöԵڷ𣺡һڣ
ŵȴǲ׷˺£˵λӷȷϳʹӣȷʵһڣػȴĿȥֱ죬ϡ
һȥȥȴǺԺķͣһŮ֮
Ůӷһۿȥ㸻ûʣ۰Ѥҫۻƿڼܰӷܰȴ˿˿ƵѪ֮ζ
ⷿѾڵϣϢѱѪۡ
뷿䣬ȻһǽϵĻǰͣ£µۡ
ͣٵôһҲΪˣȻΪǷ
ڸոգ㾲֮УӤǽҲէȻС
˻ƮƮ̧֣ͼϵβ𴦰£¡𣬻֮ǽ˿
֮¶ٿȻӣǰһҪǰ̽·
ް
ǲ֪֪֪լ֮оôҡ
ںڰ֮еĳѽѽ˺üһֱûеڶ˵Ĵڡ
ʹôӲݰ㳤СֲôҲԽԽʼżЩ¡
ɤѽһֻԼĻѣڰžŴ˵Ľǡ
ðĺ¡ڳĶˣҰĻɢһҺڰĹߡ


2 
Ͷĵƹ⣬ȫңǰãһ¾ͿΨһǸ
һëС·ССһϣûֱ۳
Сǽ֮󣬱۰Ͱ͵ؿ¶˸޳ݵЦݣѽһ
СӤֵô˵ϧϲرǵŰ´ĵƣСӤĿɰЦȫӳʱ
СӤ۵һ㣬۵Сűһ󣬻˫ں峺ˮ˫ʱΪˣһЦʢӤãټϷۿɰС˭Ķܻˡ
ȻһȺ˶һˡ
ǰ𣬶ϧ֮⣬֮ŽӰָʾ
ΪһӤͻȻգڱ˵ĸ첲ϣ⾭ʵ̫Щֽסѽһ

ǳʱĵһˡ
ȷʵСЩһ֮ɰȴӤÿһѽġ
ȻѭݶûгĳΨʣĻȴûȤ
߷Ǹطеϡ
ˣҲضãҲûһа׶ĸġ
ڰһ֮󣬳ע⵽ţҰǸץĶǡ˾ͰĿϣĿôŪƣֻŪ
֪ǲԼˣ뷨һ飬Ϊһһεˣһ㶼һΡ
ͽգˮ۾ֱֱűǸˣϣ˵ܹԵģһ㶼һ㶼ˡûãȻ̧һֻ֣۾
ǴһۣһۣţĿȻ˻˵·̧ȻǸղſ
ȷе˵ղŲǲۣʺһ£֪ʲôҲԼǲˣҡ
˵ǵʲôطôôײеģ
ɳע⵽ǰ˲ͬķ·ȴˣֻ˹ҲԭǸˡ
ڵĴ
˾䳳֮󣬱ûٿ⴦صͦõң˲ٵĲƸǰЩصıȴδϡ
ֻڿһźӵʱ򣬲ֽһ£飬ĺլﵹǲԻ
ڰһ£˼ҲСųƺӰŮٺ䣬˴Ӧġ
λʧͺӰŮ֮ƷʯȴܴŮӰŮڳҡ
ذΪѪ壬ִСϢ֪࣬ڸ鱨ռġ
ѪĻȻãҲ˭ɱģֽթаլвõĸƵģܽɱլУһϦŵ˲࣬
һһ˵İ㲻졣
ǿŻӻУıﰲҲûһһ鿴ֻһŵĻʱҿһǣðֶ࿴ۡ
ѹڻ֮µһöҲӳ밲
Ԫ壬īݡ֮Сȴ֡
һöԵ壬ˮڵı־֮һöС
ˮڵ˽Уʵклˡǰö֮󣬰ϸϸ壬־˵塣
ðϳһ˿Ц⣬ŶЦҴſЦζġ
ī嶼˸ˡ
ǶλӰŮĿ࿴һ£ܴ壬ʵǸͦ˵Ц
ǺӰŮţǿԿһ
ţֳǷѾ¶һǵĻȻղŻ˿Цָֻޱ飬ϸ˿
Ƿӻ֮󣬰˲ԼָǸղֻǿ񣬾ѾӦѡ
ǻ֮˲Ǳˣǰղīݣ϶֡
ָڵϣţˣ϶ַǳӦ񣬾Ͳ֪абԵˡ
ղŷīݵ屻͵ãڿ⻭֮ȥˣһ
īŹײǺŮӵ׷ⲻһλ
ǵŮλŮȻе㱾£񲻺á
ҲûֵһĶһбҪظˡ
ȻһŶǻһҪš
һֱڰ缦״̬ʱ۾ɵԲģ֪Ĵá
ˣЩһͲ֮ˣǱҲû취İɣ
ѪСǳΨһŹ£õţӪܻҲΪá
֪˿еӪʲôطһͲǺȥҺܻܿ
ǰãԼˡһȻͶ̥ҪپһӢŵô
ǰССССһţϰ޵·һŮСĵĸһСѩţСḛ̀㡣
ûô뿴ôСôСһʱһ˿¡
Сӵ۾쳣ˮ峺ֱ㶵ؿ̫ӡ
СѪһϾ͸ľͷƵģһ˳žǸˣһ㶼û֮ǰ˵ӡ
Сһ׵ģӣȴСɵӡ
ȻôСôһ˿ϡ棬ȴûҪŵ˼
֮ǰ˰£հȡģ˸һѡ
ԳǣûʲôøУû˳ðҲôһ˿˳뽫ǵĶӴš
ӪôСޡ
˵⻰ҲԣȻӪ˶ǴСʼܷѵǸСҲǴӻҪ̣·ߵôС
ϵ仰Ѫȴ֪޵³ӪļֵûУȻ⸮˶˼ʱҲǵΪֹˡ
ôһûչˣ³ֻһѡ
λӰŮӲңҲֻһѣ˵Ϸ֣Ҳա
Ҳ˵ˣΪϣûмֵһޣϲκϧչˡ
Ѫȴûп뿪ǣ
ѪУǸС֣Ѫ廳ɣûܸɱСӵĵҪСӵһ֣
ǰȴȲСӵĲӣҲСӵüġ
ɫָСӵϡ
ôֱ㶣ѪһһҲľͷһȴལΡΡָһȥ
⣬мã͸ŴƵģָĴΪ
ͻ£ȴСʶСӵƤۣҲ
һһóһۣȻС첲װͰͰֻҷ˵ָȥ
ִ򵽰ȴ˴򲻵á
ӵ˵ϴ󣬸ղž˵һ䳳㱻Ӹ߶һĺ֪ʲô
װͰ͵Сһ±ણڰĸ첲ϣǱһ޻Ƶġ
ǰˣκ˵ĽӴıܾǰȴһ
Уһָͷܴ˵С˶һ˿˿вûУִ˰ĸ첲ϣҲ˾ִ
СֻûаĴСҲǷལۣСһһСðֶජһ롣
Сӵ̶ָССָ׸Сֻж
ղŲʹˣĻ֣̿۽Ѹգһ£ǰֺһЦ
С峺۾ߣСֿ¶۹ͺͺ
ЦҪിжി棬Ҫ޺ж޺
ȻЦʵϼٵҪӤ޹ɰȴһ㶼
֪ĿˣΪӤԱעӵж׽š
ȻʯĳŸղű˺ӡӵķཱུӣȴҲСǳǸӦЩСɵӱȴҲûô˰ۡ
Ȼðı뷨ѪһҲ㽫첲СӻԭŵǸϡ
֮ǰһáȴͻأ
ȻϿŶ԰¶аЦݣЩҲƲסģղŵľѹá
Ҳֹһõ˶֪һôͣأ
ڰ첲ϵСѸջأס˲Сͣġ
סûðס죬֡áһ
ɴ۾Űᡪղű˵Ĳһ£ûзססǹܲõ


3 
СȻֺʵҲǷǳСģ˫峺۾ʱֱˣˮӯӯԲգһ۽ޣСӰŨܽëϱմСˮ顣
͵Сȫû˸ղŵĴЦݣӳӰ۾ͦ
С֪Լ˴£һССӸˣСҲ
õ㲻úȴҲûǱСżģˡ
ɲ֪˵˼СͣҪꡣ
ڲֻ첲΢֮ʱצȥץ˵½СɤҲ׼鼸ҪҲðɣ
֮ǰ˵һʵãɤûܳɹá
ѪһȻóץס½ȴӰ죬ʹ˳̵ľ߬סѪһ·ֹĴѪһ˵ȴʵ΢谭
ԳȻ˺ۿžҪǵ֮ϣѪһΨһǶСû˦ģƣڵ֮Ҳˤ
ȻһС֮ﱾǼ̵ܲ£ѪһȴûԴҲκ
ҧˣȻҪˣнûյģʲô
ŭӵĿǸͷͷСצҲܵװͰ͵ػһ£ͿϧڴˣղŴյĽʱצӦȥġ
СװͰ͵ȻһޣȴһȻ󱾸ڵϵСһڿߡ
ֻһβǱλ˵ţǱס˺졣
ղλľͺֻܲǳһֱŶѣα˾ź͸˲ˡ
Ҳ̹˵ĳצڻ˳ȥҾȻ˰һֱֻϡ
ڶų۾İ¿Сӵķצӡ
ȻССģβણץǷצӣСָ󣬾ⶡķָ׾ļ
Ϊӻ¶һƬǴ⡣
Сָӵһ¸ܵһ˿⣬ȴҲûգСָеѡ
ָ׸üˡ
ˣֿʼˣСӶһ£ܾ˵Ĳָ׸üˣָ׸ðˡ
ʵûаָ׵ãСӶ̶̵ָͷֻϵСһ¡
ֻҪָףֳҲ棬Ҳôһ£ղҪ¡
СӺǰ˴գСС˫۾ѾɢȻˮٳӤ峺ˮϸ˫۾濴˵ʶ
رǸղСһСצӵʱҲ֪ǲΪ֮ǰտǸӦ˵ͷĻڿСӾǸײһ
˼һСӵȥӪСЩ㰲ڼԱߣźŰɡ
˵ġ顯ף飬ĵ֮һ
λӣڰûõ£λеݷǳ󣬾ͬĻһӡ
˵ȥãһǰףԱߣŰ΢ȡ
ŻΪС޻գȴһֵ
ϵ˼ûǴ๵ķݶ¶ϵķԸӦ˾ǡ
Ҳ˰Ļ۾һǲˣ
㱻˾ŲڶǰĿˡ
߳ңҲ˿
˿ĳӺشķ䣬ɫ㣬ǳƯ
ûƯķ䣬Ҳûȥʤżĵط
ֻǸտûۣͱ˸ҵһӲϡڲǱ˸źˣεĶǿΪˣӤӦõĴ
ֻⱻŵȻܣȻȱ·ʱ΢һ㣬ԾԳƲ
ұӻ˵ҵۣҲ˶ᣬԼ˲Сͷʹ
Ž̵СԹϣȴû˴ħͷ·
Ҳ֪ΪΣڼСӵʬʱ򣬾ûСӷŻˡ
ΪСӵ۾һСӿˣڴСӡ
ѾãղҲСϷʱ
һ˲üۣС£ûðСһӳȥ
ûӳȥǰƣСӵԴϣţü𶯡
˰Ĳ֮⣬ϲҶˣˣư
ǰҲֻܿɫ·϶ѣ·ͦģģġ
ܸо˳׳˷䣬ҹ߰
Ѫζûŵûпʬ壬ȻҲ뵽ǴŵһֺŵĲľ㡣
Ȼñ˱ļֲҶʵѪղ۾ɴˡ
޾д٣ϾȻһ޸˻һͦģ
ڳԴϵĴ֣Ѫжǻ޵ĶһĻ̫̫ˡ
ųʱ䲻ãһĹǾͳլӣȻʾ˽еһŸߡ
ǰǳһ԰˵еһ㶼أСӵĺϣ΢˾
Գ˵ָοԴĸоܡ
˦Сӵİ⣬˿ʿĳҲ⡣
ֻϵ֮ɫð࿴һ£ȻСӼĻӣǵİСӵϴһ¡
ˡ
ڳˣŰ֮ǰųĶΰ¶ԳСһ㡣
ҲǾˣȻֱӲģ׾ֽӲ˾Ǳˡ
ǵĴӪЩ룬ԳֿһҺܴĴƾճ֣վĿֵռݵ
¹µĴôѽ
ҪͻȻֵģһĻ۾Ҫѿˡ
ܷҪס̾һģ̫ˣ
쾭һһ¶ܴ̼ǰһĻӾֱ۵ĳ
ղŻʲôûеģһ¾ͳˣһħƵġ
̫߸֪
û۳ҲŴͣȻȻûסϹŵĿˮડ
һת۱㿴⴮Өһ˲ңҿСڲ
첲ϱСĿˮԣ̾ͽСƨϡ
ڱˮવ˲Ѫ԰ûʲô⣬
һָС°ϣȻܿпˮۼĵطȻָС°ͣСοˮ͸ϡ
һ鷳
еľ֮ɫһˣ֪˾Ⱥһϴһ仰ܾĴ
һ˵鷳;úõģһôƫ˵ôͲǸưأ


4 
Ȼи̣æСĨĨԼͱ߶Ŀˮ۾һֺһЦ
ڰ˵鷳֮󣬵ûľٶֻȥ
Ҳ˱˴ڿռȥ֮󣬾ƻͨ
СǼһһѿУеһ裬ƾճһ顣
ƹľģӾƷҹӡ
ԴˣֻΪһ
ת͵͵Ű񣬳ֺ濴𴦡һӦǿ϶ǴڴɵŵģҴڶǰɣ
Ȼһ㶼ûиоζ϶ǵġ
Ȼѧֶ£˵׻ǴһʢΡ
ΪеĲ룬תתСԴš˰ȦѾȥǸŵķ
ûӰҲûиǽʵʲôûпɾΪʲôûпˡ
ڷ𣿣
⹻˹ͷСҲ߬ס˱˵·
Ȳ迴İֿǸСӡ¶һڸмͣҲ³ֵﳳЩ
ԣȻûзһȡֵİǾ
СӸո͵͵ʱע⵽ˣ²һ¡
СӲ͵ˣһ˫۾ҲûšצӰѪĸ첲СʹŤŤҲ°Լȥͷ˶ѿˣҲ֪Ҫʲô
һҰУġ
⿴ſţҰһһӰȻ㿴ǰ˭

šŵССԴ͵һˣѽо˲ϵĽһ£󲱾͵رһۡ
ۣ
С۵ĺһһţ۾Ҳ˲ˮ
СֺίԼĲӣ˾û¡
йüβŤŵľҪüܺá
СַظԼŤŵĲȻǸûԹǳʱҲҵˡ
ֻҪƹˤʱ򣬶ϴѡ񼦵ʯͷ
ˣСѣյù¶ȥˣһ
ȴСӿͦ˼ҪÿЩͳһˮӣָ
ССһС˱黹ͦḻ˺ôССԴﶼЩʲô
󣬰ָ͵СӣСӵӹָϡ
ֱӰմӵָڳĶͷϲһ£ǵӲ
Ͳˣôôӣôأ
ϵȴˣȻ˼¡
ָڳԴϲ˲֮Ƶ˰ʹʹСϣȻһ¡
βǶҪ⣬ڰָȥ֮󣬳оһ⡣
ȻŪһ飬ǣָ뿪֮ףʹѽ
˻ԴϣСӸŤŤѽĲˣ
Сָȥڲⷬȷȷˣĺ!
۾ڰϴת˵ְ޳һǴûиɹŹ˵ġ
ԼȻʮͣһ˫ȴֲܴڣмӡ
ڳעȴҲ˫ֺòÿǣ
棬Ľ
վڳǰµع۲СӵĸСָ̧ζȻС۾Ҳת
Ц¡
ʱ뿴ˡ
ָСӱ㿴ˣСɵҲûգֶԼ·һֻСȥˡ
ʵΪ˱ദѣһͲǺƢĺˣһԲϾܰˡ
ܿʱĵİȴʱ䡣ֻ벻ȥ
仰ȴ㲻ʾ䣬˵仰֮ҲûеȳشȻҲشˡ
ȥҪСӳӹļƣʵ浣ĺ졣
롣
Ƚڵ˻ﱻžͻͦġ
ʲôȨֻۿŰĴ
˲ó뵽Ŀģ̳޻Ҫץޡ
ΰǾĺţҲûнϡ
ֱһ±ˣֿ֫ţףȻԵİ
ͬŸըƵĴߣ˻Сȣƿԡ
û룬ؼ⿴ȥ㱻ӭľ޷һ
絶εۣѹۡ
֫ڣȴ⺮磬ע⵽СһǱðɣˣǲһ
һεϵǰղŻ˵ĺ˲ʧӰ١
գգۣ˸ĵƹ⣬ԶҹɫһƬ
ƸסˣԵë׵ģΧǵӵ׺
ǳܽ
ԴϿʱ򣬰ڿ֮ǰСʱ֪СյжڶʹСԴСӻ᲻ˣԴ᲻
Ȼᡣ
֮Զ¿ƻǺԶʵӰӰ´¾ɫڷٺˣڷɵģ
۾ٿСָҲָţۣܰ
СӶйϷɵĻ룬𳵶û˵ɻˣۣžͺȤ
Сȶ˵¡
С΢ŵʱ򣬾ָС͸ס
Сˮ
˵ĳܲСüͷ壬;Ͱɣֽ˵־š
ˡ
ȴǰԼ۲С湻ˣȻ󵥷ش֣˲ϱ־ŵĲСᡣ
Ųȥֺ֮ӸѪš
űţ˯ˣٴۣ㻻˸ط
γûпҲûпǼλ£Ǽһλ㡣
ҳȵȵĳ֭ˮλ֮Ϊ׼ġ
һд󰲡
ڻ֮ʵѾСӸ֮Ժˡ
ΪħһĵһȻҪ֮²ݵǰĴ½ʮޣܶˣҲܻʱʱôҪ
صСת˲ͱ깽
ȻСԺ󣬵ڶජŰ۾ɲ¸ˡ
ԴСһϵƾϵĴӶӵס
Сһ淽¾ûۡ
ԱΪ壬סŰĴף顣
ףֽϻ鲻꣬ǵڵһɫ꣬ڵⲽ
ףͣ±֮ϵ£ôͲأûԴһû̵Сһסϣ˵ʲô˼
ĸ꣬Ǵûй֮£ףλ£ҲʮͣƴɱѡΣŵԳΪĵӡ
һޣֺεºܣк⣬кδ㡣
ף齫еıʸ£ͷҲû̧֪
ż˵ףֵǱȥɡ


5 
һֵζ֭󣬶ģش˸Ƿˡ
СӲҲǳ˯˯˳Ҳ˵ĳҲԼĴ˯˹ȥ
ףʱļλŮ¡
ףһʦǺأǿкúտ
ϷԸū򲻸иλСӸղһ֭˯ˡ
˵źףһڣվڳ˯Ŵϡ
һŴмһСӱ¶һС˯С۾գֻܿСϳ۽ë
룬ǰС˳ֻΣСӣ
˯ĳĳ㱻Ӳ˯нˡ
۾ֺϣ˺ü۾ڿǰˡ
ε˿ҲƵģھ֮󣬳Ѿź˳ˡ
ף˿֮ǰǸͷͷ񰡡
ǳϵƣϵһơ
ף֪ϴһޣĻҪС
ףֽ仳ĺӽӹ¡
ֻԥһ£㽫˹ȥܲʧֽСŪ
̫Щ
仹бλСӳ£Ҳꡣ
ףûģֻǴ̽³ĸǣһ֮ߣѸʧ
˸ͷߵֺ⣬˺ܲ
֪ҲǺˡ
ףû֮̽СľҪȵԺſɲ⣬ղҲֻǴһ̽ѡ
ǾСţʦӦҲǸ֮ˡ
¶͸ŹŹ֣ףСϵĿ¶һ˿֮̽⡣
ɻ˵
Ӧûģ̫СЩ
ȴ۾һſСͣذ˼СҲ߬˵ӣһ˫۾еؿǰˡ
ɤӣ
ףûж㣬Ȼ㱻СצӸס䡣
Ȼףûп˵ΪȺϺܶ࣬ڳСͣɤ۶ҪܿˣȴκʱҲ˶ߡ
ףһ˼㽫ʱ˸˾ŲʮûЦɫ֣һ˿
СҪСоʲô
ţףһ߽ɤϱʩķȥˡ

ҲԼڵСˣÿɺСֺܸ˵Լɤӣְѽ۾õ
ղŻΪǸͷͷƶӵڳȴһࡣ
Ťͷӣ˼¶һЦݣıл⣬ϾҲġ
ǣ硫
ౣ
˴
ףҲסˡ
ͻȻ̡
ǳѸٷӦϽʬ𼣣ףϵĭӸĨ
С˵ָסˣ˵ɫʱѿޱȡ
أԲǹġ
սս£СС
£Ȳ
ףӹӣϲֲҪͺƤˡ
СԴ±ӣǹġ
ף鲻µˣ㱻˵һĭӣҲֻǳƢѹţҲûıŭٴ롣
ǣǣףܿ콫СԴĳͷ̧Ӻڳıϡ
һ˫üҲš
СӲһϱˡ
ףüĨ±ӣ̽СĶͷˡ
æˡū
ףССչ˶Ҫģٳκβأʦ˲Ҳǡ
оô˵ǼٻϵŵģôΪСӺá
Ҳ֪С£Ϊ˱湦ҪС
ף̧̧֣˵ξˣȥҿ׷ӹСӿҩ
ȥʦһ
ͷеʹ²ԼǸðˡ챻ģǸղŪֹӷĺǵġ
ף˵λ׷ӻûʱһˡ
ף飺ʦʲôʱģ
λò֮䣬һ£֮䲽緢꽫
ֻ밲ףľӺʲͬ˲꽫ʣһֲаС
ջ˵ʦ˸ӻⲻСʦҲСǲǳͷۣ
˵Ѿ߽ͷս˳Ҳһۣ
ʦֿ֪СǸʲôͷ
ף֪ȻʦģұſЩǡ
һʦʦܵ˭֪˭ʣû
ָ³Ķͷױ㽫ڵСᡣ
ĶͷҲѸٳһӡӡ
ܿᵹСޣһʦҪոСʦܰɣ
ôҿɲҪ
ף齫ãܵȥʦ˵
ܲ˵ˡ
һۣоڻΣͷˡתĲٶۡ
н˵̸ǸϴЩ˶ġ
ܿӣСܳ˲һָͷܴһ
ǹﰾ£Ž£ðƾʲô
ָͷּĴ³ţ͸Ƶģ󵹡
ף齫ֳ˻һܣ
ٺƢоԼʶڻҲҪǣ˵˲İôš
һֱ˵ĳ˼󵨵¡
ǺЦţֻС첲
ЦݿɰҪ
ȴ֮Ȼȴٿеһף顣
ףƤʲƭˣһ㶼ħޣǱųɵСתܡ
С޶׽ܾӣףºͶûá
ؽС޽ӹСЦǺǵܵϣǳǵӡ
бף飺Сôôˣ
ƵŤŤȥȻóӣûһǰСﳶ˳
ףûܵǵС⣬һЦ˳


6 
ףЦԣ⺢ӻǸ׽
һףЦӣ߱ԼؿڳȥȻһһ
ףæЦĿɿɰСֱߣóӸСӲ±ӣЦص⺢ˣ׷ӵ¾͹
ʲôʲô˼
ܴǰƬʪֳףӲűӵӣ˼ǰʪӵĿˮбˮ
ССģ˴ŵСŪȴ˵˸š
ܳȥսʱѪ۶νֻҪս״̬˳˭࣬صĽһ
ʱܱͷƤ飬תĿҲһֹСҹ֡
ʦܣ
ܵĿܽˣϾͻ·ԡףǰֲԸʧ̬ǿװµû£С⣬֪
ףȴܵëǿŵ̬Ӷ˳һ˿˿
ӸһܵС̲ʲô
ܱף飬ȡӣˮʪϸϸӲֲ֡
ܶԴ˺ǿۣʦôź˵ĻⲻǸЩŮ
ףɫ䣺ʦԱߣŴʦֵģ곤࣬Ӧտѡ
ʦŵʱҲҲһʦܲҪζ
ܱĵУף˵⻰ǹʾӶġ
ܷףʣź˵Ļڱףһ˵ڸһСףĳƵģĵܸġ
ף黹ﻰ˵ʦֵݣ꣬˶ĲͬƵġ
ƽʹŴʦֵļӣһģʦܶԴ֮Աǡ
ħ˵ȭͷӲûйЩڵġ
Ŷģܵʦֵ˼ǣӻʦһӣ
ף飺ҿû˵ʦ³ֻ̣ʦԸǡ
֣֮˵ԸУСϺַΧʵֻĺܸȤ
Ҳû̫ã׷ˣֻǳۣ˶ѣҿӣá
׷ӶԱйСܲ⣬ǼºͶֲˡ
ֻȥҩӵʱг˰ԣ´СޣôºͶ¶סˡ
Ժֻ֪ʲôֿ
ڵųҩõĹȥ˵˵Ҳˡ
ûй
Ǹף˵֪ˣ˵ȥ򼴿ɣ˵ЩС²ϻ㱨
ףָ£϶Сӳ̶Ҫµһ
ȴǺܸ˲ټǸϲŭӶӰŪ˵ͷͷģǸͷͷƺȻˡ
ܳЦףʦֲȥҪţ
ףȴɫºͲ䣬ӹõҩСûҩҲûˣҪٶġʦܸջѾˣȻȥЪϢɣҲ·
Ť£Ӻ˵·ܣʦҿҪȻˡ˵뿪
ףһСһʢҩϸĵظ£ȻݵСߣ죬ҩõĿ졣
ɻô
ղǸ˾ˡ
ֲɵ˾ͷͷûйԲߵģһλͲ
ôιҩ
ףСӣιҩСӵߵ˵֡
϶Сû̫Ǻ£ףҲûϱҲ̫ѿЩ
ףҲûһ¾ῴλޣܱϴ⡣
ΪڴӣʦСչҲӦѡ
Ȼף¶ӵĹذȱչСιҩַȻᣬȴʵһ㶼ʺСޡ
ǸСޣŲ
ҺóǣСһ˷ͷҩ
ޣޣޡ
޽ͷֱ£ôôࣿ
ﲻǺĵطСȵҩӦģ
ϣһСôҩǲɣ
ף飺ţôˣԣ겡ͺˡ
СһضȥҩӿŪףͰҩ֭ˡ
Ǻ£ҩ̫ˣСӲԸȡ
ԣС޶¿ġ
ף鿴ҩ𣿿׷ӣ鷳ģҩҲɡ
׷ӱЩָֻţ£Сҩɶ࣬ҩСܲסӲ˵ľܸĵġ
ҸСӿ⸱ҩʺСӵСιҩӲȥС
Ȼι
ףֲСȿҩ׷˵ܸķӣҲͰˡ
Ҳûÿ׷ιҩԼ޵С°ͣһһࡣ
Ȼģ°ȴǯƵģһ׽һףóഭĹûС
࣬ˡ
ͷˣװ׾С˹ϵӣҩףˡ
ףһָͷ˶ͷϣҲ䡣ɲһ⡣
ףοԩˣϴǱܸĺˣףûȻҩ֪ܿ࣬β
ûףġ
ǿ¶ѡ
ףס˶ͷͷͷϵĿζ
̭߯ࡣ
Сֻ࣬С̹ƵģףЦԺŪˮ
ǳֱףιˮȻӿףڳ˯֮󣬽ڴϣСӲ뿪


7 
׷ӿҩ࣬ȷʵǳЧ˯һ֮ͺ˴룬ֱιҩ֮󣬱һǳӣҲĹѡ
һףֹˣܾûˡ
γŵģŴףڴЦſСС̽ŵСʺǳ
˾ͺá
ǻվ
վļѣ˵ţԼŰҽҪȥ
ףڣȻԵȥ첲һ̾ͽӸ
ڴϷźãףԺҪۿСӣܳ˲ء
Ӧǡ
ף鲻ڣҲ⡣źŮҲΪڵģҶԳʵҲҵ
ףֵﶼ̺Ӱɡ
ǣ¿ܵūȥ졣
עû˵ĵ̺棬ףףĸ첲ϣֻСֱסףĸ첲
ףԴЦеģʲôأ
ֱףĸ첲Ц£ٴηף鵹ģҲôЦؿС档
ǰ˼ףҪվףְɴˣ
ףųСӰվסȻֱС첲ס˼
벱̫ף鲻̫ڵز˲ͷʱףļͷһֻСָָ˵ذ˭ĻССѾҲ˷ܵڡ
ףȥ

Զԣͳ˯˯˳ԣûӣչҲȥ
û鿴ҲûӿʲôûУƵġ
ãȥ
ϵ£СӴãҪ
СЬӣСñӣڳ·棬ٸһë޵С硣
ף鿴ţôССȷȷʵʵĲˡ
ף齫ǳᣬ˳˳С磬ֽСקקСָסãȥ
궬ʱʵûʲôÿǳǾĿҪ֦࣬Ҳ˼Ұˡ
ݣСǰⶼʲôøߣʶҲǻ
ף鱧ųǰߣѻȤͣͣ
Сһ￴ֿʼԺǽʯףҲһһȥ
ףСҲܿһ۾ߣý˴ʱ䣬ʵҲ֪ҪôСദ
ף鱧СƤǽʯҶ֦ôʲôûӣ
һ˫۾Ķʲô棬һһ
ף˵ԼЦ£Ҳǣʲôû
ҲЦеҶף飬ﰡ
ףӹҶӷŵʯϣӸ֡Сǽģ۵СҲ⡣
СûСϲ䣬ҲģףӸСһָһָţϸҲûôỬͦġ
СҲԣףֵʱ򲢲ҡ
Сֱİװ׾ѽѽǵлף
С̺ģҲ۾ЦĿɰ޺ף˵ССӣɵ֡
ˣЩ´δȥÿġ
ǳֱðɣŷʱ֮ףûжˡ
ʵͦĵģǼλչĽȻչ˵ϸǻ࣬ǰģû
˺üΣף˵Ĵȥÿģ֪ȥʲô
ڳĵԼ֣ԼĽѾʱףˡ
ζʮա
ףʱ򣬳Լ̽ѾŤͷףʱһûȣͱ˷ǵСڹ꣬¹
ףһΰдЦ⣺ôÿο㶼ôƤ
̵̺Ĳ
˾ЦףĻѽѽӦ
ף鿴ЦеСӣСӵС֣һ㶼֪£´ξ͸ˤһԡ
˵ʲôֻԼͷϣСָ
Ҫܣ
ţС̽
ðɣýС
ף鱧Ѿһˣ߱˱ߵǵ𣿡
ţףԼƬҶӸ
ǵüǵã˵Ҫȥÿģ˰
ףûСӣȪҶСȥһˡ
ȻС˷ܵĲˣףҪȥʱ򣬶ᡣ
ȴҲû֡
ףùСҲһˣСС°͵ͷź۰Ͱ͡
ףСԴԺٴ
.
ףʮ¾һΣΪάһࡣ
ʵ֣ͦڼһλıжµĺûͷͷ֪ˣλҶΪϣҲûܹ
ףΪʲôڻϷʱ䣿
Ȼ֣ǳףÿεǷǳӭġ
ԺܹôˣҲҸ棬ӣףֲһ
ףԺӣ˵࣬ʱС
ѾˣǳļڣʯϣСľ
ʯϱ˺ĵӲϣůڵġ
ŵСľдףģ֮󣬺ָѹЩСߡ
ҲûʲôʸУС°ͣſڿ
ľ飬ףûӦûһˡ
.
ڳɹ̫ʱһδİ
˵˳ʵҲ̫׼ȷĹעʵǷףϡ
ף黹ܣ
Ա˵ǡ
Ҳȥ
⻹ǰ֮󣬵һ̤ϡ
ûоκˣҲɣףǰš
С°ɹ̫ĳĵһ˲䣬ͷף顣
ڻεŵСһ´ʯֱףȥһһǳҵȴܵķɿ죬С磬ֱ˵СԼˤˡ
ףһſ˫ۣסС㣬㡣
С㻹ߣС첲סĴȣСţЦܿСﳤ

СѾܼ˵Щ֣Сĳƺˣû˽Ǻˡ
ף齫ϵС˵࣬ûأǲûúóԷ
С仯ǳ죬ףÿιС˱仯ۿСӲվڵ߻ܻ˵
ʵͦġ
ʱСҪ仯ˣף;Сֳһ㡣
СǰĻûһֻ첲ڶȳˣķǳ졣
һ㣬ǰСԽԽݣϵˣϵѶˡ
ûвúóԷûףĻĶ̸첲סףĲӣȥ档
ף鱻С첲סӣȻҲûʲôӦǰСϱ˱ΣһҴȥ棬ҿ㲻ңÿμҶֵߵߵľˡ
ֺõز˲ף롣
ȻҴԺӣҲԺŸһߣԶĵضͲȥ

ףÿδȥĵطͷΧˣԺĥףɽš
Ȼʵʵ˵ġ
۵СϲȥǺ׽С̣һͿ
ףûļһҲСһĥ¶˵Ц⡣
ϾһֻȫȻƿģûһâС̻¶̶ѡ
иʱķɡ
ףЦ³СԴҲε᣺Уȥ档
˵ͱųȥ
Ѿվ˲̵ʱ䣬ӱСӱСסӣСЦǵĥ䡣
СԴӵļϣ۾Ц䡣
߹ȥڲԶѣȴ˭Ҳûз֡
Բȫһģ࿴ۣ΢ȵĻӡ
ףԶ֮󣬰ֳӣ˼ǣ
ˣĥŵ¶ͬŶʹذ


8 
µĻÿɷţ˵仰еһŵġ
Сɲ㲻ͬţףͬſʹذͦЦЦ
ʵûʲôȤյӣϹضѣν̬ȣҲûŸġ
ףܰΪʦʱѲСΪѹͬˣܰݰΪʦԼͬʤǰѡҲǶ
ҲͶӣżָһ¶ѣλӲҶෳ
Ȼףܶ԰ǳأʵ֮䲢ûж꣬˵ûС
ұ֤أӶȻһʱæħ֮λû䣬ֻᲹ
ħޣе߱ʦλĲ£ЩǷЩʦͽЧԶ
Ȼţף۵ԶĶֶɲˣδ̫ǿС
żӿ⣬ǳ͵һ졣
˰λʵʲôӵУԽЩ
ĵħޣĵ޲һǶӣҲ³вĶ֣Ϊ
뿪壬صԼסѪ
Ѫ֮󣬰ʣССīǷйϵûȷϣ
ѪͷīӰŮԨԴϵûУīݸ˺üӰŮ޹ϸ
īԼӰŮǷʶīݼٳڣȥҲٻ˽ӰŮΪħ޴ͳɫ֣īݶħų⡣
Ѫ˵⻰٣īݳоû£ôҲ޺գڶŮͶͱīȴֻĵ
˵ħŮīܳϹϸˡ
ӣ˵Сīݲ޹ϵ
Ѫ壺Ҳԣǲ鵽ǰӰŮžŴ½ǣʱī׷ɱѵΡ
īӰŮҲȫ޽Ŀܡ
ȻԼͣ°£κκ¶Ҫȷ˲С
ȻϷԸȥȷϡ
.
ףȥһȦһë޵ĳӡ
ף׽ģһֻëӣţ˵Ĳˡ
ףͼСЦûСӵĿ־ֵֹļ򵥣ףԼûֻëʲôÿġ
´θֻѩȮҪҪѩȮǣʿ٣ҲżһЩŮϲĺÿɰѩȮ˳СҲʡ
Żëӵĳ̧صҪ
ף˳˰ѳŵСԴ֪˵ʲô𣿾ҪʲôҪ
ҪײҪСӺĵġ
ףͳһһСߣСȾ㵷ڵĿ죬ҲߵףҲŷŲ
֮ףͺ˱裬
֪ҪˣæеĻëӣȥס˵ȡ
ף鿴СС¶˿Ц⣬ȴǲݾܾС֣Ҫȥæˣ´档

ףСͷţѩȮ
ףߵʱ򣬶ܾС۰Ͱ͵ߣߵĽŲȴһ㶼ûз
֮󣬸ףӡɣӵķһۣСӷǳ׽¡
ףûзӡɵĻȥѩȮѱˣҪѱġ
ף뿪֮󣬱ջĿ⣬ڸëιԵ棬ԶСϲ
ףȻͦᣬʵҲûвᵽ۰Ͱ͵ĵزͶëӸȥˡ
ֻӵ۾ǺɫģǺɫƵģͦÿ
˵ҪСŪѣСȿСҵļҡ
ļգͿСң˯ǰҲСң͸ι±ĳʣҲϲʱ䶼Ŀˣף飬üճû
̶̵İ£ëӾͶιһȦ
.
ף鿴ǰѩȮǲ̫ЩСˡ
ӡ˵ֻѩȮ˳ҲͨԣСȥţΣգˮܰСӾ˰컨׹
ף룬ҲòһȮСΣգȻҪЩŮкã
վǲѩȮӴˣҲٴ㻻
ӡɼףѩȮߣȻ֪ףҪȥȥˡ
ף£Ҫȥ𣿶һˣ϶ûȥҲûйСӵ£СֶûСǲǲǱܵˣ
ף鷽΢ĽŲ£üҲ˳⻰˵̫硣
Ҳֻһʱѡ
ңֲʲôܹõġ
ӡһҲǣǵȥ߶ѣżŪСҲʲô
СǸϲСҲϢˣܾôÿȥ֮󣬶΢ɼá
Ҳ֪Լûз֡
ӡţ֮ǰˣСȷʵҲλСӶԵµ׽ȳ֮ҲΪµһ
ףνӣȴûеһʱ俴Сףͷ졣
ͣ½Ųϸϸ£ѰһѣȻſ׳һСŵС
СҶڶһֻëãͦרעѾվ˲ԶҲûз
ףš
žףССˣСԲڳ߳ˡ
ףͷף⿴СһϲĻëӣӵվ

Сߵĸһף֣Сƫ˷ףȥ˿ա
ף󷽵ѩȮ۾βסĻϲѩȮֿף飬
СȸԾ
ף˵ΣջȥЦŵǣġ


9 
ѩȮȫѩףָ֣ǳ磬ɫ۾ȴѱӡ
ϵëֳֶβͣҡҡץһץ
վԶһ뿿ֳӣצצȥסףӡ
ףͷСһЦϢ
ߣǴȮСֻһܰȫȥ
ףѩȮ
ѩȮ򵥵ҡβǰףųһֻС֣ѩȮĴԴ˳һ¡
û¡
ۣۣë˳ޱȣůһһ£ѹͲףץ֣Լһ㶼᲻÷ſ
ףͿСӵӲǰץŹԴߣһһ飬ߣ˹Դβ͡
СЦ˻ԽԽǹʵȥСԽԽڲҪԼСſֻ󹷱ˡ
СڹëϲȥҪԼСԴڹë档
СһҲȥˣһûٷָ
ף͵ſСһʲôʱﻹվ
ȥף˴ӹϸŪһë
ѽմ˼ëëûµ
ףС·ƵǰС壬Сȥצӡ
ֻķǳͨԣ̧צצŵС
ǰ˵һ࣬צצɫ۾רעؿĶҪˡ
һα˵ףһʱӦĶû˸
С׽ĲˣأֵڣС͹ϲֻȥˡ
ףͿСЦ۾ҪˣܿСðĴ
ôϲ
ڴӹצֳһעŤͷȻȥף֣ץ֣Ҳצצ
ףܵһ£Ժ¸ϴ֡
С깷צѾȥ§ȥˣף룬ѾĲӣȻˣɲС˹
ǣξֱף˵ҪˣСûҪȥ棬ҪˣҲֻǴӹ̧ͷ
ûжһµط
յף麱һ£Сûĵġ
ʲôˣԺ󶼸Ĺȥɡ
ֹʮ죬һδһż̧ͷЪϢʱף黹ûסٴȥϡ
ûӵţСЦȽȥţȻûгС
ܻ˹СֻԺתȦ棬Сĺ˵ġ
ȥůתȣС˸ԵøЩ빷֣С߳˺
ף鿴һһ׽βС̫ףôֻô飿
ſվϢʱ䣬Сûз
šȻףȽˡ
СãȻ̧ͷ
ףָ˵СĶͷ棬ǲǶˣˡ
뻻ɰЦ
ףСϵĺְסСļִСĲȥСļ米£һֵĺ
Ц㡣
ףѵӣҲҩˡ
ԴףӸ档
ףβĶ³Ĩ£С
Ҳףŵףĸ첲䰡䡣
ףŵй¶˿Ц⣬һָͷСԴƣСຢԶ㡣
ףһȻһ˷䣬Ҳ˻
ףб˿һȥ͹ԺСñ˿Щ¡
ף⻰ǶԺ˵ˣڱ˿ʵҲûбЩΪˣòǸСƵģ䣬ȡ
Ȼûбű˿ҲֻԸһ¡
ף˵СԴֲ䵽ףԱߣסףĸ첲ɿɰЦǱлˡ
Ĳ˵ףʵǸϸĵˣǵġ
СѾϴػ˸ɾ·װۣСǵıŸ첲ףЦ紺Ѭ硣
ףСģȲȣǲȵˡ

С»컽ףҲĵӦʲôʲôСҲش¿ͷ죬ǺָŻش
ǰСӺܰԹӣܳף⼸ղ̫ˣϲ˷𻨹ԡ
ף飺ϲԵĶֲˣϲʱֹܲס죬ǿţԳë
Ӧǡ
ף˵СܳԵĳʳȥѰ໻ʵģСһʲô棬ͰʣֲĵطȥǱ˵һ
Цŵǣ˵ūǶţ׷˵һַ񣬿ԵŪ֭ͯ念ū澾Ѱ˳£⿴ܲѰ񡣡
ףͷ͸ˣĺܺá
ף˵£ͷףº͵Ĳ΢΢
õĲʵ
Ҳûһһ˵Էµ£˼ҵĹз´ܳͺá
˼Сʱ򰤹·ǼŸû¡
ģҲйĲãԷŴ˵ԣܳԱ·ھ˼ҴӴҪģҲеĴ
ںСıܣܳԵĴģ£෹˶רŸСӪģ·ҲרС·
һԱȣ͹Щ
ǴܻС˵ġ
ʵ˶֪ô£ҲôСʱ򣬵ʱСʱɾǴֲŹģҳҲǴѣҲ
˭ⲻǳİ裬ǳļأ
˵ôס
ǳҲ˵ʲôһǾСֻҪܳУôǳųƿͶסһǰһͷĸоΪȡ
˵ŻףͷСԲڷ峺۾˵ܿʲô첻Ĺʶˡ
ףһ¶СЦֵͷץ档
ףָССһȥҲƢûнֳĻһأϲˣ


10 
һң˯
ףͣСӾʢȥֻӽЩԽ˯СӶమѩȮ档
ûвͷ˼ЦŸǴץӣǴѩȮСӶϲˡ
ֻӸǻСӵһҪΣҳԵģСιһȦʳˡ
ǵѩȮ˻һңСӶѩȮϲĲҪҪģ˯ʱ᲻÷ֿ
ף˵ŶǺֻһ˯ģ
䣺
ף֣ëë
ѩȮ֣ҡβ͹Ϸſף֣ëë
ëëСӸѩȮ֡
ף飺ˡ
СŹĴԴһëëһĸ˺ţףĹ
ףһ¹ëǻûǸղ˵£ڵĴ˹ѣ
һӣСȥȥˡ
ã⹷һСְԺ
ǰƨƨףǰźתģףʵʵʧˡ
ͣ˱
ףһ˯Ҳ֪ࣿҲ֪ܹܣ
ӲͷƤÿζѩȮʰ˵ģ࣬СҪѩȮ˯
ڶСӹܵԽԽˣʳʣ·ܣСӵˣҲһʡ
ȻȻΪ»ĹСӣΪдʱʱعӲŲڳױε䡣
ֻǴ¹ʵԽԽϸģҲÿμ£ֱ˼ලС
ʱ˴üԽͷֵ˵͡
ë޵Ĺβͣףصëëࡣ
ףССԴ˵ĻԽԽˡ
Ҳôˣ㲻ȹء챧Ź˯ʲô䣬ĹŪѣԺ˯ġ
ȻӦǣи̣ȵϣҪСӲӦֵҲ㡣
ʵȻ˵ģһ˯Ͳһ˯ɣ治ӲҪ˯ǹĴ԰ɣ
һףĹ͹˵˵Ȼǿ͹ˡ
ף鷢֣ߣСûôˡ
ϲɣûĵСһǹ͹ȥš
һιף鲻￴С͹ˣԳȥ棬ȥȥ
һȻǺʹġ
Ȼ⼸ΣСŸ棬Ҫȥ棬ǵףһС˷ˡ
ȥȥ
Сץס֣ߡ
ܺãڲɵС͹Ϸ
ëëȥ档
ף΢Ц΢΢˽ֻëëĹ˦βָ
ǳǳˣΪΣɹףסɽˣ
һֺֻܴǴɽֱ£ر̼
Ȼ֮Ҳûп̫ʶɽתתҲó˷ܵĶҪˡ
ѾܵɽˣԺĥȥԶĵط
뷨ܶԣ֮ףִ壬ȥɽٲȥڹӡ
Ӧȥ壬ҲףԼڵĵط
˵СƣףתȦȦ˷֮Աסĵط
ף׽ס˷ܵСˡ
ë
ףСβëëûëë¸ëë
ðȡ
ëëڴʱ򶯶Ҷһ£ܺµӡ
ȴһ㶼ˣһʱʵҲһף鲻֣ȴֻҪץסףһֻ־Ϳˣ۾ؿŴɹľɫ
̽ŲŲСŽš
Ѿ֪һɵĵطȻǲǰʹ÷żײ
ԺǲҲѧЩ
͸Ѫˡ
ף齫СʴӥϱŵϣС۾ʴӥСǰ˻ΣôʴӥҲ
ôһ˵ˣСʴӥһ±пֶֻץ֣ɼСҲɴࣺ
ףŵССӣʲô㣬ʲô㶼
ʴӥԼģĩֲ˵ô
ʴӥǸ߯ݣȡȡֻС첲סףĴȣ˫۾Ͽμˣӥ
ףҡͷ
СȻ۰ͰӦӥҲǴ£Сֻ˯ҪһĹжιķʵܲ˵ӣףܾ
ʴӥһޣҲףһܰСȷɡ
Ĳӥӥ
С˵ĻԽԽ࣬˵ˣףοȻܾԣ
˵ŰѹϵСĥȥûˡ

ʦ֣˵ڴСû뵽ȻġڳףӥֵʱһӰٿȻ߽
ףˣᵽյСʦܡ
ܿ򶡵ޣûףȸߣˮۣһ˫γ۾濴
⻹ǸС̣ܻǵõСƨٴμ仯νر
ϵལС°Ͷˡ
ڵСվȵϴμʱСӿɻߣͿĿˮ鶼ǣܾͶǼ¼̡
Сװ׾Ҳˮˡ
ԽţھС
һʦ֣˵ʲôĳƺ
ڡ
ףûдܷЦ³Դ˵Ķԡ
ظһڡ
ڣǣǣ
ףЦݸЩţҲС
ܣԼһݾѪĴ½ŷɥһˣھȻ˺ǣ
һαףɹĵˡ
СҲᡣ


һ Ĩһˮһָһ˶ĵҪĳƺš
ǶһλСᡣ
гͦͦаģǵˣȥʱҪ𵴣꣬ðҪС
ֲŲ˼СףĴȣ˿еСˡ
ȻˣǳתĺܿСԹ֪ҲİôҪȻھͲǺֱӶˣף黹ء
ʹС˳ף֮󣬾Ͳصÿá
ףСͷ˵ܣʦЦһЦҪСӡ
ܣ
ܾ;ףӷǳӦˡ
Сӽףȱ߶ץץ֣ףʲôܸƵģܳس˳ǣʦֺģⶼˣôһСϡ
ǲ֪ʦ֪֪ʦֵģ˵ģ
ô˵ʦȫ¸أҪҪȥʦʦǰ
ʦֵһ£Ҷһ£ףĲͬҲᡣ


11 
ףܵĻȴֻǵʦܵĻôףʦȥʦ˵ŵ£ȥ˵ʦֲ
ȴǱ⻰ҭˣɲȥ˵Сӵ¡
Ȼʦͽȴ¾ȥϣÿȥ϶˵ºС
ߣǣʵҲСӡ
ֿǸϺǣԵͷǵζ
ףǣֵĳǰߣǱˡ
תͷܵʦܣҺŻ£ûµĻˡ
ȴҲߣСʲô£Ǵû£ҲС档
ǡ
˭ӭ㣿
ܻӭӭģףҲپСټǾ;
Ҳһ
Ժӣ
ף飺ſԣȥס
Ĵ
ף飺š
Ҳëë𣿡
ף飺 ֻ㡣
æžëë档
СץǰһһҲߣûжίףȴСÿ۰Ͱ͵ȥоһ˿顣
ԺٳȥС
ףһתС۰Ͱ͵ȥѾڹȥʱˣԴ˻ëѩȮСԼĲ֪࿪ģˣ
棿ôԸëëأ
Ҵëë͵һ
˵˵ȥͻëëҪ¡
˵ףԾûиһֻһ˼СûĵĵĻش𣬿治Ǹִ𰸡
ףС¡
죬ҿˡ
ܶˣſ͸,
ӵбۣߵҪ˵ϴҲǹͣľαѱ棬
СӸȾԺСӿ޵ʱ
汻ȥףסĵطҪĶ࣬źҲƾĶ࣬ĶҲһЩ
Լ˺棬¼ĶҲ棬ףѾϰˣݵӣὫһЩôá
һ˵ף飺ʦﻹһصʮҲû䡣
һ㶼ħ޵
һ˵һֻƿϡʲôϡģûʶӡ
·ƯƯĻƿĿתҪԭ磬öǮ·ƯʿҲһ͸ɫ
Ʒһÿ
Ա߶߶˷
ףַڻƿԱߣ˵ãˡҲ¿ϧֻƿףҲֻһͨĻƿѡ
ǻƿҽϱţˡ
˸͹ȥС棬ƿ̫󣬲ܸ
ܿף⡮ȸ۶ҪϹˡ
ף黹˵ܣ궼Ҫʲôʶʦô˻ų죬Ҳ̫ϢЩ
ܣ
ŻƿСӻݹһС
ǣϢСЦͷضܵ
СӵСغǣʵǶȳˣܵĶȴܰըüëһ¡
ЦŵС̫̫Ƿˡ
Ŀɿڴתͷף飺ף飬ģ
ףüʦֶ֪ˣûûС
ȴţСļͦסˡ
򽫻ƿݸף飬ֿʼһöˡ
һĳģּ˲ٵʶ²
ܣǰ;ͺˣߵġ
ܱƵʱʵ٣ȻΪƢؿĲֵ࣬ţ˭ʹǵðˡ
ΪߵҾͲ̸ˣȴһСֹһ磬Ȼôһգ
.
ף˵СߵڶȻһͳСô󣬶Сͣ쳣¿ɰ
ﻹ̵ģϲܵǶ̫档
˵·Ը֮ץʱģһҪ⻬С֋ǲһ˵
ףʵǸϸµˣй⻬С͵Сá
죬ҲΪſɿɰСӣͺ˸ղŶ˵ô䣬վǲҲϴµκλ
䲻˵˸˵սӵһĻ
ףãһ˻Ǯġ
ǣ
ߵǰҰѶ˵ĳƺ̻ȥСӡ
ܵɭɭģѩȮëëܵĶ⣬ڳǰɤ
Ҳǰһ£СӻС
ھûС֣Ťͷ¡
һ۴»Ƕ¶ӣﲻá
˿ڣаëëĹͷ޹СѹķΧҲСӣҽţԽš
Сǲ֪ʲôк¡
𣿡
ܶɵ󵨵СЦ£ɭɭаҰԵĳ࣬ЦҲ˾ˡ
԰档
߰ɡܸ߸ߵĴӣվڳǰеⶼʵʵͷС˵߰ɵʱ򣬾ħ˷ӡ
˵ڼ棬㿴һҡ
֪ܲ˵Ļһʲô߳ȻʹӹܲҲˡ
ȥ棿ȥԺãȥ淽ڵĴţ
Ķˣ̿ɲܵĺġ
Ҳȥ˵ȥ
ܣĻ˵˲㣬㲻ȥҲȥ
һź£СӸóԷˣʱ껹Ҫ˯һվͺСԺ
ôܻģҲͷЩֱӼ˾ͼ䣬ˣˡ
ܼûдȥãҲûдȥħڴţǰСԼĵ̡
Сӷ£ÿμܻ飬˵С˴ɵɵ
üʲôСɵ
ڻع۾ֱڷ⣬ɷɣɷɣ
۾һῴܣһῴ棬СָҲָš
󴬣Ҳףüδˣֱӷɰ
ֱӷɣ
˭˭
ʵҪ˵ף鵱ȻҲģһģķ㣬ҲǳСе䣬Ҷᾡ׶ǰʹ÷׶ֻ֪ҡ
ЩףǰҲǲ֪ģڳ֮󣬹С֪ʶ֪бࡣ
ȴ˿֪ٴξС̫ûʶôʲô˷
СϱQţСָĸ߸ߵģɷɣٷɣ
СΣܵȻǣˡ
ɲ뿴С˵ģС˷ܵӸҪȫͬ
֪Ҵʲô𣿡
װɵ档
Саֿɰ۾ˮĺ޷ȴûһ˿ҡ
ܶСӣĥҪôʰźãֱӴֱһ٣
ܵϲʴӥ
ֱãֿʼװӣ΢΢ͷŶҪȥˡ
ţһܲסʲô£
Ų£ŻСӡ
ܾСţС˵ס֡
ϲʴӥȥ԰
ȥ԰Ķȥӥӥȥҵ
ܣҲУ԰б°ʴӥ߶С
û¡
ԺȥԺ˵ȥ
ܾٸС˵ȥܺĸûûˡ
ʲôҪС˵ôࣿٴγС֣һֻ־Сڸ첲¡
ȣѲ
ɷɣŷɷɡ
СٷɹȥС߶ƫҲˣֱ߹ȥ
ܸ첲£ôӲˣСüëѹͲ֪ʲô
.
ڳܸǿд֮ӵŮǱ㼱תǺ侲ȥҴ¡
ڳץߣҲ뿪ûһʱȴӭһ벻ˡ
䲻ڣӵŮ϶ûмҲϲ֪ǰ˾֮һ»ֲ̿ѡ
֮ǰСӣСӣҲܸˮǴߡ
һ࣬Ǳ߶СӴʣͲˣôû뵽ƫƫôɡ
ϵĵ˸˵£ܴĻ¡
СӡСӱ´ȥˡλŮﶼƲסش˲
˿⣺£
ǡ
ȥˣ
ū澲֪
ԺеŮ˵ҴûŭǾ£һɫףϿʼð
ȥġ
⻰ȴǶߵ˵ģ˵֮һ˺ܿ뿪ˡ
ȴû뿪˼ּʯϵһ񾧵ǳ֮ǰģģп˿


12 
һֻ첲Юһ·Լ԰һŶʮСּôԶ·Ҳһ㶼ѾͳԼܣտյȴ¡
Żձڵϣſ͡
һ£ȳܣһֱӵ֮⣬Գ൱ˡ
þȻ˵Ͽ˾ţϸ۾Բϵа֮˴
ڲ壬ܵľŵˬ˲١
ҲŻˡ
СͣСҲվֱ޹Զ

һ˵ŻСơ
ܣ
Сӣǲǲ֪ôд
ϲеӣղżеܣ޹С֪ôд
Сװ׾ˮۿɰֶ˵԰ףԲ۾ںڳγͷרעֺ棬޹ϡ
ܣ
ھСһȳ淽ڵ֡
С졣
ǰסСͣһΰСЮ԰ߣ֮ǰ·Ҫ硣
һ·˸֮أЩûһµģǼ԰˶ҪһļƣǱųˡ
Щ޳Ӵ׺ݳªĶ࣬νСɰľͼˣСıҲ϶ײв·硣
ܴһ·Ļ½צҪͷ
ǵͷһȴǷС̶˷ô£
ɵ󵨣Щֹ֣ûģëģƬģ࣬ȻòֲѾȷ˵ģЩ
ȻҧǾ͸ȥ԰ϻڵӵӰϿƬһ
ǰʵ̫ƶЩûȥ԰ҲûȥӰԺڿĴһкӵѪڡ
༶к۹3DӰ϶Ҳûڿʵ
ȷС̶ȷʵ˷ܣһá
С̶Сǰ㣬¿Щ޵ģ
̧ͷٿ
һС̶Żʰˣ
С̶ܸطڵϣ̧ͷܾͺ죬㲻˵
˵Ͳ˵˵Ƶġ
վƬضܿһֻӥͨӥǺܴܴ󣬺磬ë϶׵ӥ
ӥʶʴӥ˵֣ĥףҲû۲ӥ
ڳʴӥףֻҪˣ绨磬ϵĲſ£ԶĵҲ졣
ֻʴӥųצһҪһս̬ڡ
ôӥӥףֻá
ҲȻʴӥ˾޴磬ȴҲûбһͷ˿
꣬ȴ߽εȻ̾Ϊֹؿһ󼦷ɹŶһ޶ҷɣг
ʵ˵޶Ҳô׼ȷΪǰһĴѹ
ղŻȳʴӥڱŴԴֻаķݶͶϲϡ
˵ܸߴʴӥǰҲǸСӥԴܸһȭʴӥǸһԱС
УӥëɵĵǣͳĴģĿת
˧ÿᣬĽ
ȳĽ꣬ѹһս˲ʴӥѾȫûţͷɥİܽѱķǳʵףֻҪʵ
ĽĳҲٴαܸŽʴӥĵ档
氲ȫ˵ӥĺ£ֻ֪֮ⲻסӥ
ʱŻûմأСȾͿʼܡ
˵ҲͽͣץסʵС̶ʲôҪӥ⡣
ܲСϱЦ̾!
ȱ֣ܿСģ
Сƨϡ
һ˵ַܾղɿˣʱСҲûţ۾͸ϷƵġ
Ͳˡ
ܶʴӥСȦ
ǵȻףСϣƽˣǱǸ
.
⴦ǰʱõϢðǸС¡
֮ǰ֪ףСЩ˼ȴ֪ӶҲС
ʱͦ֡
־ֻһһӥɵģǳʴӥһܣϷ
ֻУ֮ǰëԵЩͺʴӥָֻ˾ڹз԰ΪܿӥצץһСССˣҲӥצӲ
ܿСϵı飬ǸСϰǺ°棬һ˫۾Ҳһֻգһֻ͵͵
ȻһֻҲˣϵĺ֮ɫ٣֮ɫԽ࣬ǷϷ
ˣܲźС̶ӥצץŷɣҲûſޣʴӥ
ܶʴӥȥ
ֱֱĸоֲܴ̼ܿʵûڵϣ֮ǰֱʴӥץˣϷɣҲܵķԸֻûóѡ
ܵóô³ⲻҲ
ô˵ҲǰСһף鶢š
СŵļУܺڵ磬Сӵļź
ץץץ𡭡
տʼʧظгȷʵˣǾþû䵽ϣǱӥץֲˡ
Ǽ˶˰ɣѽȷʵ̼ͦͦģ
С̶ϾͲ˵һˣתûõܶʴӥ
Ҳڹ۲С̶뵱ֺСŶȣڵСѾࡣ
СīݵȴҲ˿֮
ḻī֪ʯ
ȥīᷳīݵĿ͹۳࣬Ȼûпк֮
ڵʱöЩ۾ҲˣС۾иܺöһһۿ͵Сīȫˡ
ЩȽСī۾Ŀ͹״Щơ
ϸҲһơ
εϢֻȷϺӰŮīݹͬڹһϣڸģҲûиϸϢˡ
֮īˣԱŮð˲١
֪ѪķӣȴҪīݵϣīݲ֪°쵽ѶȾ̫ˡ
ðǳź
ǣСīݵѪɾ̫ˡ
īݺӵŮˣӺ˵һħޣǼǳֵ¡
ҰҲܺ棬ȫīϲħŮôīݺӵģ
̫˺ˡ
.
ܶԳڲɣֻ˸ӣڳԵľǴӥررĴ졣
һܰȥĴ졣
ӥζţ˱ǣҪû꣬ǶӾȻôӥȥ
ȥˣȥˡ

Ϸİ߹ȥҪСӥ죬ֱӰСӥŪȴƫƫȻ֮˵ܸǰŵܣʲô
һʦ𡣡
аĽ͸ԽԽȴһֱͣ
ССɤӲȻ
ӥȷȷʵʵСסʱѾС·ˣֻСȴҲĺ
ü϶Ū
ſʱȻôãȻ˲٣ڸոϹףȴ
һСӴ˳ţ
ʦ𡣡ʦôҲ⣿
ĳȴûпףŵ֪ףˣ
ף治棬ʱԳ˵Ǿǣǿɸ״ˡ
һίҲñֳʮ֣ʮ֡
ף黹ʦȻҲڣ㱻С˫ֱסȡ
ۡءǻ
С޵ĺôί⻹ףһСޡ


13 
ףæ˱ס޲ްף黹ûкеСһʱҲʼæҲ֪ҪֻСıĸ
Ǵ󻵵ץߣŷԣãӥӥץϷɣӣãҪӥӥҡ
ղֺڣֶЩˣȻӦǲ£һעأ
Ͼ֮̽󣬻ܰʿٰȡ
ľԲҪҲʲôģ˶һ볢θһΣ
Ǹӽˣˡ
˹ȥףĴȵʱ򣬸տʼǸɴײ꣬Ϳʼĵ˽𶹶޵˶
Сӿ޵õĸ״ۣСϷĺܿġ
Ǵ󻵵
ףСıС޵õ̶һ仰͵Ķ̶ʱھͱ۸ôࡣ
óԷץߣʴӥȥʱ򿴵ģʴӥС׽ȥˡ
ףðСôãСûܹʲôίҲûп޹
СЦһóԵĶһûĻ浽һûߣС׾Ϳ۵Ц۾΢䣬СӴ򵥵ĿָȾǿ
С޵ɤӶˣһ˫۾Ũܵ۽ʪžž˳䡣
СҲǰۣմ˻ҳ⣬СͷҲң·Ҳ⡣
ɿɰСܴһͳһǳǱС
ף﷢ƣָСĨϵӣѹŻã
ף鲻ܼͬ޵ĲȴˬϳЦСĲ˳ڱ˵ȥ
ף鰲οСӵĻһΪܴƵġ
ȻǵʦܵģֲֺҪ겻˴ܣ˴;УдܣϷ˼
۶ףͲһˣܿףϷ̫࣬ҵϵרע
ȻǵʦܵģϲʦҲҪܴĹС
ܵףˣŭףԣڻϽͣڵϺ˵ף̧ܳȥ
ˣȻ߶ϰһأǳѹȴ˿δܵȻҲãҪսս
һα֮ǰϵԶҪΪֳһʱţڳҭҭĳףĻ̧СԴ
ڳһȴܵӰ죬˿ڣҸضúô򣬴Ҳڵˮƽ
ףһղŵĻҾʦڡ
ֵܿѸٴǣʦ𣬲ʦűʦˣɷŻȥ
ʣŤͷ۾˾δǸͷͷ
ôû˲δκα仯
ף鲦˲ҵķ˿Ų֪ʦôͻȻСˣ֪۸СԹ
иֿĸ˼ףСԴʦȥСӣǲǳࣿʦСӵ𣿡
߽ͷſ޳ɻèĳҲûϣģû뵽һͿ϶չġ
ף˵ʲôܶ⣬ʦ𷢻˾ͲһˣʦǺԵָ
죬һʱ벻ܱ粵ĻǿӲһ类ܴͷҾ档
ûĹǿС뱨ȥ
ףʦǲ˽С̶Сܴѹʦ˵ʲô˼
ףɲ´ˣαӺܻץסᣬ䲻֪⻰ҪʲôǴſǻһСԴصصһ¡
ڳͷ֮󣬰ܼȻ㶼ĵ۸Сˣȥеľһɡ
ƮƮĻϣ飿ľеģ
һʱһʸجġ
ΪһսˣϲдˣʦҲ
˵ǳľˣһûǷŪģĶдĥĥɬѶ˵ˣֻбꡣ
һеľǺƴĸߴŲжľ
ȥĴޣżЩйй飬ҲԼȥ󣬶ŷʵսԼĥܽᣬȥĴһֶֻĹ벻ж١
õԤУӦò١
ܿףǵһ˿ֻЦȷˣӦãǿ϶
ܾͲˣǲħ޵𣿴ɱɱǵϱУŪЩŵĶ
رʦ֮ʦ͸˹ƵģħھͶװģһ־ǵԽԽԽԽ࣬Ȼȥ٣Ҳ֪
ܻǽܲجģȻϾηܲڰǰ̫ˡ
мǿʦ𣬲˵ʦֱȶС˵ңҪͻǴɣҲԣͰС˵Ұ
ҪŵСܸ˵
ղŻˮ˵СײƵĵСʱԴָ˲پ
ףСԴǵЦִЩϣССִˣĻˣӦҲ졣
һû뾾Сˣ


14 
ŭҲС޷ֱӶܵ뷨ͻ
һޣʷϱֶˣҲкõҩָ㳭ľһڳýҡ
һµ޵ǲ̣ľжپˡ
ٶ಻Ҳٶĥˡ
ĲܣƲס͵͵Сӡ
ûɶСӣȻ˵ҲûӴʲôСӣѾʶСǶôᡣ
һָܰСȴƫƫû취
ң
ܣ
Сûǰɣ
ףʦܶˣ꣬㲻Ҫ۸
ܳ˳ʦʦһԲٸ鳭ҧ¶һЦԳС̶û㣬ͳ׶ѡ
СһŤְСףϣǳˡ
Ҫˣ
ף򻹶С˵ãǲ
ҲûͷҪըıЦ£СŵСɤҲôˣСģԡ
ӱȽϰۡ
ţ
ףС԰һֱ֪֣Сš
ţϡϴģסúչ㣬ĸ߸ߵģŻǵ𣿡
Ȼװ¶ãȻӣǳǵõģһǰ»Ŀ
Ȼ˰Ҳĵһˣǳȴ£ȻһҲףÿס
ףǰգСվֱòĹԺӣɫˣϡ
һҲǸˡ
ͽаɡ
ɫƽؾ͸С˸֡
˰˽һ
ص㲻СʲôǡСȻա
ֲװôģһμǵãȷ˼Դӽ֮󣬾Ƶġ
ôȻأ
͵͵̧ע⵽ϵüɫҲü֪ǲǺ£ǵԺƽӹ
ǰӱҺӵʵҲû̫಻á
һ仰˲߰ĸ˼ֱܿĶҡ
·Ȼ˲䶼ĸɾˣ̧۵֣ȵŴ졣
ף˵СԺаֻ֮ȳĶ࣬ⲢڿʦС˷֮Գͬ
ףʦţСڲǰʩģСŪңֲ塣
һ㶣ЩҲסҪע
һϴ㻹ͦϸĵģͦ
ؿԼ֣ףĻ֮ͷף飬ף΢üһǣɬɬĸо

εΣϸģ˷ֲ忴
ףôˣСȻ
ӣ
ףֲؿһۣԳͻȥ
š֣
ףЦ£Ҫ֣ȴʦɡ
һӣմӴͳģСǰʹֻҪˣϴԽ
һСӻƭ
ףʦСһʱ־ȣʦգһô׽֮ʦ𾿾أ
ȴһֱûŪźʦԨԴϵ
ȻˣϵĽ֮ȴ벻ȥģѪһǣףǲ֡
֪ҲֻʦǰȸʱģǴǲΪŵ¶Ŷ޴ӵ֪
ˮĹӣʵôܸԣ
üҪѹӸţСһϲͨ
ףæ֮ǰûҸι׷˵º͵Ҳʳһ㣬һСɡ
׷ʵҲͦģһҩʦƫƫµӵ֣СӳԸʲôȸʲôҪʣûٶС֪ʶ
˵ף˵Գ֮󣬱СȻһֽӷСߡ
һڿգһţСַץס½󣬱ǼֲľζڳʱŹȴѾİˡ
Ǹʱľ㲻úõĻ䣬ǸʱĽ¶ܼǵãСһ
ף鱧ϰˣҲڣڱһԸȥԼվţԵؾףѯȥ
ֻף΢Цݣʲô𰸶ûܵõ
ûιʲô˳ԶСרģְѹСߵ˵֣졣
Ȼףһӵʣһ˵ͺܴͬˡ
ûףᣬλߵˣ̶̵Ҳ˵Ĵζɡ
ʹζʵѾŵˣףûܵõʲôָʾҲûôĵίί죬Ȼ֭ˮ˽
óԡ
ǲ
öŶ
ҧһڡ
ߣŻȥ
ףҲã޻õġ
ͷǾ޻ȥ
СŹϿһڣϴСһͷʹѹȻССﺬĹĹĵġ
Եͦף̰ͦġ
ǵףղ˵ľܳһĻǰùӵֹߣҪӵȴֻСצӸһ±ס
ﻹй⣬صӣ˷ѡ
ϵצССģǰͣϵĶЦŵôǲ˷ѣ
ܶСһСƻ
ȻǷСŲ˷


15 
ףΪССȻҲͦɰġ
ףȽضСͷУ㲻ٳˣǻȥԷ
ĺúó԰ǰЩóԵĻҪóЩ
ףĻҪģСϵĲʹѹƣϳԡ
ǳ£ôܳСʣµģ
ҡͷҲԡ
Ƿԣ˷ѡ
üСһװ׵СС￴Ųᣬ˾СɹǸߡ
ȻСЦһСܸ˵ӣԲĺ鶼
ףȴвζղСͦϣһĹͱ˱Цˡ
ףܻСǲ˭óԵģܸߡ
¹ӵζСﹾһ£¶ӣöҲ
񣬽ãأԷҲ
ںĬĬŵһαС
ô
ȻСǸܼǳСӭ
ֻСǲȥǳľ
ܣ
СЦˣЦˡ
СЦİɣ԰ɣ
ף鿴СỨСҲ۾︡Ц⣬ûֹСһ棬С
ͦǳС
ţͦ
ҲֳܴԱܵ϶ȥɣץʱ;ץ
ܾµĻţӦǡ
ץСһµģڿǰʯͷԼĽš
ܿʦСıӰĥʦյ̬ȡ
Сû۸ɻʦײ˸šھ͵ıСͷϵԺ᲻ֹһ⡣
Ƕδ£ǰҲǸǳصˣ·ͷᣬŲص̧
ִ֮󣬾ƤִܣȻֻһת۵ĹﻹŴСӾ˯ˣ˯ٶðǳȡ
ֳ˳СеСܸ֪ƵģֻСָץˣСҲ˹
ȴҲûѣȻ˯
ףС˯ˣ̽ʣʦҪҪ
á
һСĸҶƵģûʲô
ССʱһȥС䳤ˣϾû٣ʱСŴⶼûˣССҲûһǰĸо
˵ħû֮ǰĺã
˼άƮɢ£չС˲
ŶС֮࣬ǰСˣݶѡ
ףҲ˯ĳʵ˵С˯ĲһֻҪСͷСͷҪȥˡ
һ㶼ᱧСһ˲پ飬ǰųȥʱҲ;Ҫ˯
ףͷתתûٶԱֱŵ϶ޣֱѾǼϵ¡
һȫ֮ǰһĺ෴ϺӣףҲͷ˳ء
ӵгҲǳ죬䵽ӵʱǵʱԳ˵С㲻ϣֱǲŸձۣһ㶼ûѵļ
ף飺ѣ
ǽף鵱СˣףѰɣԷ˯
Сһ£ѣԱ߳˳˴ŵĳü֣뷭
Сһü˯ѵҲɰûעձѾ˲پŵ̴ŮǣۿСӵСƻӵϵ°ϣ亹˲ʪ
Сһһƣûʲôȴ˾ڶߣһ˲䶼ֹƵģû˸Ҷֻв֪˴С˶졣
ס˵ģšüƺڶα̶˰ɣ
Ȼǻϣһ˿ŭ֮⣬ź̶۶
ü絶˴ҳףȷӦвʵûŭ
ףǰȥæƻ˯СţţѣԷˡ
Ƥ˼£һû˯ѵӣûСۣԷ
룬ôô˵ӣСǣ԰ûˮ
ˮ
֮ǰû뵽һ磬СŵϣûԷɡ
ϣһԣ
СĶԡ
СķŲٵߣɫޣͯȤ
ȴǱչ˵ĻԵӡ
أ䲻С
ͷССԴʵ档
ҲǷС˯һǰѵ£
С˯֮Ǳ˺üڵĹСڲץôˣСɿǰ͸ˡ
ս˴ռ
˵ʵڵģѾеĹӣջشռ䣬ħڴ˵ͦᡣ
ҲҺ˻ȥڲͱСծ𣿰ͰѺİӴӴռóף˵ģСǰִͷ
治ɫصŮˣȳԷ
Ŷ
ķûʱѾ׼˵ģʱϵҲ졣
СһѾñιˣԼŸСӺȵĴڣ۾
˯ʱ˯ڳΪСӼҼ˯˯ԳԶ׾Ϳ㣬۶ף黹ǰ¡
һף쳤Ĵģһڰ˸ڣ裬ɿڵУůůģ
ⱲӱС֮ǰһԵʳ׵ԴԽԽ֮ʳԽԽḻٶٶܳԱóԡ
þöûҲܿгԵģһٽһȥ
ϲԵСӹĸоϲ߳ɱ
һСһһӸεĸɾصһ룡
һʢ˹Ҫӣ̧ͷֲԶŵ˶ڿСӶס


16 
ͷ˿룬ȣ
С˵ţİŽҪȥ룬ףϽȥס룬Сˡ
ãŵģźȡ
С֪϶Уúȵġ
ȻףĴҲˣף黹治Թһٷ
ѾԸˣ죬ӡ
СӹݹӣԼʢʱһÿÿһף쳤˸첲ףա
СһϻǳȵӶΡΡףæסСһС֣Сһȡ
ȣ
Сһ۾ףջˣСһְһڵĳԷԷҲԵ̬š
ף齫ӴСһóԼԼҲԡ
áֽۣСףŲŲһ𡣡
һ˲ҧӵĳ̧ۼǳЦİˣϴǲҲñʾʾ
̻һ飬㣬㡣Ȼֿ䣬ٴοٸСӵݹһס
ȴĵ˵Ͳֱٶһ
ܺ˱ˣٴδСʢһɫŨмһԲɰӣȻ͡
ɲףСҪιæӹȥǺϾСһж
ССӣ۾ζţµСҲһһСһʲô˲õĴ¡
ףں̬ɾϵСµѲһȦԸ⻨ʱС棬һֵע¡
ǸײȻҲûСһСһСŲǰ
ϣСﻹɼµĵ⣬۾Ҳ
Ծܾ
ٶ˵ȣСЦɿ
ڰҲʱʱ̿ôӵģʱСĿ±ͷ˿ڣСеӳɹ͵
ڳɹ̣ղСˣСС˿Ҳ
úúȵġСһ峺۾ֱŰѰͬ
˵ʵʵڳСһΪĴζΪӦСһͷ
õͬСһˣС϶ſ֡
ţۡ
ӽСһֻأСͻˡ
أԼСӣܰĳԷˡ͸ղ˲ء
俴˿شڳԷСӣֻֿʣ¹ӵĴºϣҲԼĲˣæȥ
Ȼ˹ˣʵ˭ҲûٳԵ˼ԷԵͷ̧Сһʺ䣺ôôݣһǰҽ˽ʱɲ
һûһµؽȥ⻰ҲʵģǺȴһ¹Ÿ
򲻸ҶСİȻһʱ䶼ûСӣϻҷܣοһÿ¶Ĵ¡
ūǶСӾԲǴʮֵģ졣
ںĳ̧ͷǰһĻסˡ
Ȼ֪ǰܲһһֱûнӴ磬վдôսսĵĺȴ粻һ
Ȼгкȣһֱȥ
ϲ޸Ƽһб֤ģֲŶΣΣյأ
Ȼţȴûмȥеӷ£߹ȥôˣ
ϣԣš˵ֿף飺
СһﻹûĳȴزΧղԣղŻǿĵС϶ȾףСһﰲЦһ£ʦǼ㾡ĵġ
ݵ⣬׷˵ŵ⡣
Ƕδ̶ģȻǴ˵Ϊ׼û뵽ʦҲ⵽ŵݡ
ȻԭʵͻȻĵʲôͷ
гߣÿ
Сһ˵Žָ߾СԴϣȻôôߣôߡ
СһڵأǾСӻ΢ŵ
СһŽżϾ֣Ȼôٸ߸ߣܾٸߵףĸ߶ȡ
СڰڣСģȻһƨɶյ˵ϡ
ϵС㶵ģСãȻûзӦղŷʲô
Сֱŵĵùȡ˰СһǶ㶼Ǹʯ˰īϵһ
īݵ֣ǿɾ̫˼ˡ
ȡ˵İɡ
ϵСܴգŴ۾԰죬
ɤһ
һٷȻóԣԵҲһ۵ģԵ󣬳ַףס˳ԵС
˯ɡ
Ŷ
ףֽС𣬻û˷ŵϵʱСѾ˯ˡ
ףͰ뿪ӵʱ򣬰ף׽
ף밲˵Ǵʮֵľģÿһ仰СӦԣͬڣƽһ仰濩һ£ⲢӰĻػٶȡ
ףǳЦŵסĽûµʱټˣܸߣⲻͶ׽СӾϲԵġ
ʦǲæأҲҪ׽ʦġʱҪʦ׽ˣվʦ˯磬ʦιϲ
ҵһμʱҾͦİֶ˼ΣŸ
ף˵ٲ룬ʦֻ˯㣬ΪˣС㻹ָ٣˭ﶼ˯㡣
˵ιʦΪǸԺӣÿʦͰ͸ţʱŲιʦӴôһ
ſ϶һףһĹǰ׷ѵģ
Ժһ᳣ʦĲԺ֣Сʦ׽㣬㵱ʦֵĶչЩ϶ָϡ
仰Ϣ̫󡪡ԺСʦܣ˭ôͳСʦˣ


17 
ףһʺţڰ뿪֮ҲصԼסü΢
ҲֻǶףôһ˵ͽºܿӾʽ
űħºܿ͵֪һϢڹ㲼Ĵ½ʮݵħͽҲյϢҲ.
ˣռħ޶Ĵ½ţħͽ֮¾ԲһС£ڲ˵С£ħ綼ǼصĴ¡
ͻȻµϢ淽µϢ˶סˣص˼ĥСۻᣬϲӴϵĵײҲشһ̸䡣
дºͶ£ʵ£ֶСӣƸӲ
¶СӵĸҲܿ챻֪ѹǸޣ֮;δ롣
ϵĵʲôĵλ˵ĺѡħΪϵӵĲ֪
ƾʲôһδ֮;ޣһԾͳΪĿ۵ϵĵӣ
Ϊ̫⣬˸Ϊɵ
˴ºͶ£ۿԺһ֧ˣδ֮£ء
гҲûϢʦΪӣ
ƾʲô
ߵһλʿ£ƾʲôλСӶѾΪϵĵλӣǰ϶¡
ϲ˳ľҲ˽͡
е£λСӣԺ򲻿ˡ
˵յ£ܾѾľռ˵§ǽˣоŰٶ
һ˸ϡ
λֵ¿Ժͳλ̣ǰҲ˴š
λСӾͲһˣλСʵ̫С̫ʲô϶϶ҪƫλСӵġ
֪ˣ
ͻȻһʦܣܷеıʣͣдľ
ͬСɵ£Ҫһ£µӰ죬ԺӦԶԲߡ
˽ڣȣҲǽڣܾľ½ȸһ飬ۡ
վԱߵһλԳĬħ޵ʽûеС̫СҲ׶ҪҲܳ׸󻼣Ҫĸɾ
ȴҡͷɡ֪ж۾λСӣرǳλܰ۾⣬׸ɾǸλݰѱΪ¡
ܺЦ˸СʦżĲңף飬ҲŲ˸ˡ
ͬͷֵºʦͽûʦ縸Ľ϶Եºͳλ޶ʦͽ֮顣
³ֵλϴգףδκѡξ͸λֻλСλ⣬Ժƫġ
ܣһн֮磬Сӡ˲ͬĿ£ܸ¿ڣǰԼҲûá

֮˲˯Ҳް˶ҹΪСѾڴ˯˹ȥ
СӾǾ࣬û취
ڶڴ󹷵ŨܰëëһȦǸ߸˵һˡ
հʱëëϵһߣߺëë͸ˡ
죬ëë˵Գˡ
Цŵëë˵ģ
ͷһԣ
ëëôˣĴԴֱ䣬ֱЦ
ëëȻǸصĴ󹷣Ҳвصʱ򣬾ڡ
ǿСӺѩȮҲЦ
ǼҲҹû˯еһԱǶҲ磬Ǽ㶪Сӱ£һﾡǴˡ
ǸŵСӳ£˵Ǻ£ܵ˵ǻǸ˵ģǱ˵ôǱ񾭡
Сȴǲ̫Ϸ˶飬Ȼ͹ĿģտһĺһСӵǵģһΪ峿еĻУҲЦݡ
ã͸ëëԳסëëС¸ˡ
һ˵ûһǳûġ
죬Цҡҡͷûпǣһֻʲô
ҲСӲĶЩֵֹġ
˲Ϊ˾ԼС鶼ɴˣֻǲ˵ѡ
˵ҪȥһңһҾ˯ڻһҺëëмҲ׾˱ˣѻһҸԵ
˵һҲĵһֻ֪㲻ϲɣ
ǿëëĴԴߣȥһû
æСȥСӺС£һҪϴԷ
ȴѾСƵĳݣСӵӰ
εЦ⣬Ҳȥ
Сһֱȥͺˡ
򵥵Сܴڶأкúôȥأ
Ѿ̤˱ۡ
Ҫ˵Ҳûãҿ£ԺôҲܾͲˡ
ܵһҵĺԣȻһԴצϡ
ܹһҾ̧ԴҲûжϳոû˯
ëþһ´ĺ˳
ӭӳǵĺȣֱԴϷ䡣
ţһε÷ɹĳѾֲˡ
ëëȻһֻ˳ĹսȴرǻëõƣãûëӾͱ˹צ֮¡
ǳһδӹצ֮½ȳһұڻģһ磬ѽĶҸİź
ëëźëëҲ
йûζ͵ӣĺ֣ܿ粨ʱûйεӻһƽ
˯ǰһ£Ǹ˵ףܴһܵģҲ֪ûС


18 
ȻˣΪԼף飬˵ܷѹףһ١
̫ãȻףϻ˲˼Ҳûзɶ٣άס˴ʦֵģףʤɡ
ϦбңͣʱϾ˹ҲʣҲ֪ףǲǹ⣬ɣܱ˵Ҹ첲
հ˵ģкõҩȻ첲ˣǺܿܺãһҲᵢ顣
֮ͣףһʦֵģЦ׹һƿ֫ʦܸղžȻûжҲûϵİʦܸ˵ˡ
ʦܿ֫ʦ˵ˣװŸ첲ˣһ³ľҲܲ
ֽܵӹף׹ĵҩҵףЦŵϣҵըҧһװ첲ˣ
ף飺ʦָ˵ЦأҲԣʦܲǹӱܵˣʦŬŰʮһǸСĿ
ŰʮһŰʮһ
һһлصһܵϡ
ƤЦⲻЦصʦ֪ķǳ
ǵȻҳȥʦȥĴʵ̫ЩöҪģΪʦĶӣܳȥ˾Ǹ
ǣ֪ħ߻ʧأ͸ҪעˣγʦҲΪʦܺá
ܣ
ʦʦûһöСĶһɶ
ˣղŵĳ˵һ¡ǰǶӵĿˮսͷˡ
ףɫϴΪڵǲܱȵģÿѵõָ㶼
ҹɫ֮ǰⳡѧѽѧٿԼûĥ͸ģǸԻȥԼĥǸʦǸĺͺĸ˽
뿪֮ǰ˿Ťֽס˰Ǹð۾
ü϶¿˵
˵ˣܴʦһµʱ䣬ǲҪѽ۵쿪ʼ㣿
֮ޱ飬Ȼˡ
ԥţʦ˼˵У
˵ʱˣֵһ죬Ҳ
ô˺ôٿѽƽϹǲû취ʵһ£һ»Ҫټľǲɳ֮ء
Ըȥħ˵ħɱһ¡
ףЦľͲֲ֧ˣܵļҲ뿪һ仰ڻصʦҲȥɣץʱ䣬ˣ¾Ͷʮ죬ȥ죬ʦܾʣ¶ʮʱˡ
ףװס
.
С֪ڴ˯ʱܶ˵ĸ첲ճϣûüĹ½ϵĸ첲´ָԭ֫ǿȣѾʼĴƤ첲ڰҹˡ
кõĵҩܸ첲ˣԭȺúõʱɱȲϣǢָҵЩʱգ첲սҲԭһɣҲճС²ѡ
ȻۣܲǶϸ첲治ɫǷõҩ֮֫ϵ˵ȴ̵ģᷳĺݣҹﳭü֮䶼˹֣ͷ˿ﶼ͸¶űꡣ
ţǳСܿһĻĻ϶˯ĸЩ
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ûּ˰ǰط˰
ȥĲǰס칫ĵط
ϴθȥףסĸоһΡµĸоŵޱ飬һɱС
ǣС־Щޱ飬Ŀбӵ˶ںȻ濴ȥֿ
ΪһʶسǶûҲûȥĳСûģİ칫Ĺ;η
ڴ鰸ǰдֵİСҲǰĲһƽﱻºסĸλߵϢеǰѸʱڲסˡ
ͳˣûڵˣ˳ͷרעİСЬԭŲŲûټǰߣҲţͣżԶ
ܴҲԵúܿգɼˣеĸߴϵ̵ĸƼ䲻ôǾøߴϡ
ҲĿɸ߿ɸߡ
ףﲻͬû˼ܵϸǵʲôҲûףվԭϵĸƶѡ
ǿſţôеΣ˯أ˦˦Դʱɲ˯
Զڵͷдİθ±ʣСһСȽʱʵֻ֪ûеһʱѣСһ͵͵ԵеĴҲû
±֮ߣ˵ôˣô˸طһôʵˡ
֮ǰСɵͦ󣬻һֱڵġ
ͣҡСԴСӻǻһ£ϡ˵ȡ
ѾߵСǰһ˲ӱڵ˳Сǰۡ
һֻҲס˳С塣
ǳɫ˳۽ϣգգֻۣöȴº͵ζڶ
Եؾ⻰۾ǰͱ˺ںһƬ
ַС򣬳һûҶôˣ
˵㵽ʵˣѹǣҡ
ñӿ۵ĳɲϣô֮ͣʵʵʲôû
ƺǸо˳ί˵ˣƲͼٿͱˣֱ˯ˡ

ųСÿڳͷϵһǣ۾ϣû
ôְ֪۾ˣְ۾ˣһֻԼͷϱõĵطԹΣ㲻Ҫ
СŴŴģ˵ĻǵСðٵһ¡
Ҳ֪ԼԹˣԺ󻹸һֱ￴𣿡
ܿ
˵أ˯ȥԿ
Ҳ֪ôܽң͸ùְ鹬ŪôаĶ


19 
ħް칫ĵضһ㶼ħ޸еķԭǵķԪضƻزǿķ
ħߵĶǸ磬ԭǵ͵䲻Ⱑ
ǳˣϵĸƲаԵĶĶ
ʱ⴦ˣֻ򵥵ĵβʾǵˮƽҲ֮Ի˹Ū⡣
ҲֻǶΪ˵ûжΪĳôģղҲ鵽ˡ
һģ⴦ɵڣҲֻһˡ
ΪûΪʸ⴦ôҲͳôһ⡣
ҪǳſֻǲؿôۣҲ
ڣϵҲ㼰ʱأڳ˼ҷЩ߰ĹǹѣθѾࡣ
ƿʱʵʵۣСƵ۽ëˮ۵ļëལһһأΰƿˣҲûԼ
ǲʵſ𣿡
һ˿Ц⣬ԡ
δȥеβͬ⴦ĿҪһЩϻ֪ʲôʱϵĻˮˮǵøղŻûеġ
ǰİûͷɵվŸʲô
Ŷ
е΢ѣεСӣС͸ˣѾµʱСѼƵڻơ
ڿæСȿ˼ҪܵĻǻܵ൱ģܵƫ·ߣͰԼСŶײضϡ
СæֵסضȻһ۰ϰĿ⣬ôϿڿЦ
ţǴڿЦĻͦ졣
ס֮ʰ
ţɡ

㿴ҸȥӿҪСȸߵģͲһѵ
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Թã۾Űгɻ֪Ǹʲô
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Сˣĥʱ䣬СڵСʱٰ˷߼ɡ
˵棺ǺϲԶ֪нˣ
СĶҲҳ˵ĶġֲļóԵľ߲Сӣɲ˵Ķԡǰ˾˼ٺóԵĶϣҲӲ͵Եġ
СһĿбӣȴǸһձŹӲֵȻͬ
СͻȻ֣Ǹ׼ģԾͳԡ
˵ţһѵСӣָһת͵˴Ƥ¶ѩ׾ӨĹ⣬СһݹȥԳԿ
ף˵СӾǺóԵĺģܺðŪףľָ㡣
˵СƨǱףкŪģÿףȥСóԵģߺģСڶף׵ĸƵġ
һΣϰڵˮͶСԣҷǳСζġ
ֲðԼ׼ǳ򵥡
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һСˮܿ꣬ףûԹСˮζ
ѾãԼ𱭲һûһڵشʱ䣬Сһ￴ԼãԼ
ܳԵְһžѾˣٶź򣿲Ҫ롣
ðȡ
ߵһһСһСϸָˮˮһһߺȲһ߿Сһʱͦ濴ŴҲܳƵһܰ
Աߵˮû˵ûԹĶôԣһһιУ˵ţǵܹС͵ĴΣС͵ĸƹȥ
˵СӴʱȴֵС
ƹС͵ǿⲻǶòֲ졣ʵιҲ֮ǰСʱ򣬶ιιϰˡ
ϣԣһӵĶûгһ¡
ҡͷԡԳʳûȤ
Ժýˣʦһʦ𡣡
ʦ֣
ţԺҵӣףʦֺͶʦ֡Сףֶһ䣬Ҳʦֶʦ֣Ժʦ𡣡
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ҪʦͺˣҲһǲԼţϾͱԼˡ
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Գ˵ǳĲʵҲ֪ʦʲôġ
СŸ㴹ͷ۾͹⿴Եˣˣ
Сͷˡ
¶ɣҲûϵһ
Сɻ
֪Сʲô̲ס뵽Сǲǲ̫Ǹ˵֣ڻǸɣ
ʦ𡣡
Ŷʦ𡣡
Ȼûô飬


20 
˵£ֿʼĬһСҲûʲôĵġ
Сֻ˵ǰȻȴҲܻԾڣֻʵһֳ˶ϵģСС١
ȻԶûȴһ㶼Сһ߲䣬СԴҲһ߰۾һһ豭￴
ڰǰôڵûЩСðڿʣڿʲô
ץ˵СԸ߹С忴ȵʲôѽҲˡ
ǳα̺ÿĲ衣
úôСһ첲ӿ֮ˮ۾ʡ
СһЦʵȣ
ţСصͷۺڴ
ȡ
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СǳöˮҲ۾תͣѪһǱһһۡ
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ӣС㻹ȱҵİʦ;ʦ裬ʦǷţʦڸң
С΢ͷãû
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21 
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ӡɵ仰ףϵĽȻסŲҲȻס


24 
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ףһȥȿڴųһŵСĵССˡ
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ĴͽСһվţǰӡ
СһԲҪͽţһ˵ǡƬ
лҪ˵ӦûһǻȽ


25 
ǸףŵıߵĶѡĥģףĥģ֤⻬
кüѡƬףѡѡһǴӺ񱡻ǵԶʤֵܽһףΪʶѡ
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˵㰤ˣĴɤԶԶڴ˰΢飬ǴɤЩ΢Цֻ


26 
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̸£Ҫ飬ҪʦҪŪѧá
䣬вŻ᲻ֱ̫ʣ̫ʦЩ
ģӵӣţǲ޴ĸо
򴽣ȴƲסڴðһСɬСЦ
ֱû
ΪʲôûУܵõһýҲû⣬ûӣǸעǳɼıܡ
ǻһ𷢳ܵĳɼҪôȥ˵ܲΣ˵־һѧǲ̫ΣǲǻʦθáȻ˵ʦο϶ǵڿ̫Ҫȥ࣬˵㣬ҲСڿΡ
˾˾ܲεĳףͰһһڰԺ֣ëëӱëĶԽԽ
ʱװֵľҲȤҲŻ˵һҲϰɼã£ڱСʱѾ׬Ǯˣܸɡ
ԱߵѾ˵ԺѧҪɸѡʲôѧҪϽѧģܴСһúѧ
ҲȤõģСϰֱͷζŪһͬѧ˲ȥѧá
ʦ˵ĶԣĻҲܰѿνķȤСϲġ
ţ̫
ǣǸϵʱ򻹵ϣСмԼϲģ

ֲ޴ĸоԽԽǿö䶼ЩȣԼĶ䣬޴뵽˼ֲ©һ仰
޴еŹͷëëţзŲ᲻úѧѧϰɼʹûв
ûмŻȥͽܶһһģĵҲҪԵŴ£ΧС¶ѣͦɡ
ҲûҪĴ£ȥҲǿʱ䣬ڿСһֻëëɵЦǶŵҲǴʱ䡣
Сʹ󹷶ŲԼ˸ƨɶնЦһ¡ţʦ˵˼򣿡
ԣҩõЩû׶ģ׷ӳ˸ţûһõĳ֡
ȣܽҩõʵˮƽֻ˼ҵˮƽ֮ˣƵҩСʲôǰ;
ʵ˼ҿ׷Ҳó׶Σֻ걻ףڰʳߵȵȣƵʵĶˣʲôǰȶо˵׶֪ʶһСиʲô©˳˿϶
Щɣ˽⵽ʱͦĺӣôܲˣǶˣ
ĵصվͷԸȥǼֱܵסС
ףͷãиҲܽˡ⼸סʵҲרˣ𣬲ʲô
ףҲûѣͱȡ
ף˿գ֮ǰôû뵽أξΪǸ˫ϵҩʦ鲻㣬СҩãС˵յġ
ôû뵽Ҽ׶Ĵأ͹⾾ҲǰӵĿ׷޶ˡ


27 
СһγԱ¼ǳ׹ȥףߵʱҪĥƬߴߡ
СЬӲ˲ҽţתƬʲô
ף΢ЦŶ԰ԺҪõʱͲĥˡ

ܾףЦǳ˶ħСء
ò
ף΢ЦŽƬŽ°ͷˣ㡣
.
ǣ
ϤãСһǼס·ˣ·СȒһ㶼ܳ嵽˼ͨ˵ǰͷȥҲòͨˡ
ܶű߷ſͷСӵ
СȽȥۡ
СһܣСˣ˵˭ôģ
档
̣ܵ˭һСƨ棿ұʦѵ
ԱȻϸߵ飬ͬһѣȴȻȥܵ䣬ɣɺ档
ôôߣ
ܿС˵ĺܸߺܸߵƤˣæֹҪ鷿İߣߣȥ
ð
ܶССƤȤ𣿵Ȼ
ǣⲻҲǸЪЪ𣿲īˮζãСߴߴҲҪܵĽٴβˣǲԸ鷿
סСӹٸ׻ȥСסˣȻ˵ĸʲôƵģԺﶼСЦûסʱҲֵߵߵȥ
ʵģСִ˲ƣЦļۡ
θӸýӵģٽӲɲܹˡ
ܵȷʵǳýӣķɹһ֣Ȼףָˡ
źýӣʵСУܿŴСգǷٹһ¡
ܵ¿ĳǶ۸Сӻͦ⣬͸о˿Լ뷨ܴ󲻾æֵͷ
Լãô򵥶ӲվСȥ
Ϊܽסȥľǰˣ淽ڵĶٽӲС׹ǲЦʹû÷ҲЦ
һﻹŪÿζ򶼵ǰˣ֣һֽס
㰲ҵķƫˣҲڰһֵʱ򣬱֪Ҫߵĸطȥӣôߵʱܲذס
Ūڰ￴ͺ˧ˡȻûʲôģǶرͬѧҲʱϵҲſһ
ȻŪ۸СͼСոСɵƵֵߵ߼򣬻۾صǰ
Сơ
Сƨϵĳݣȿȣͦõģܺؽˡ
վǣҪŶ
ǹһ˿ЦСѵĻûһţݵĺܣֻĿС϶ѡ
ֻСԲС̸첲Ūʽͦ
Сȥ֮ûܶϵСƤˣֻŴŴСǣûƭס
ûƭסƭסǼˡȴԭǸղСһҲܸ˸СУһȦС첲ǰСӵȥأƭܡ
ܿˣҲСһŸ첲վ
ףëëƭסġ
Ÿ첲СյСеܣСһ⻰һëëҸȣ
߹Сϸɻ󣺡ѽ
˵ʲô
޹ûƭסΪʲôҲ
Сƨ޹ϤǸһСƨ˵ʲôֱԵСһ
ڶʦ֣˵ʲô
ôʱѹûʹСӱҪţȻһ鷳ڹ֪Ѿˡ
ɻתɻȻ򣬡Уʦ֣ҽˡ
ãҲƺľˣٺСĥ
ˣһŵĺȻֵ㵽ͷϡ
аɣҲĲˣҲ˵ġ
Ȼûܱ㱻סӣۣ߲ˡ
ܾЦӸ¶Сӵղʱܵͦ𾢣һ·ˡ
ţˡ
ұԼߡ
ȻҲûֻ֣ǾסۣܵҪһҪȵҡ
ֲ۾¡
·ϹһСգŲһ֮󣬾ĸˣٴζСͶСӵ˱ϣȻڿԴǰߡ
ڱϱŵİҰ֮Ҳ⣬αԼųصǰҪ
Ѿ˱ϰˣǻû˱Ťͷĵҿ˿ܵĺ׺ݡ
Ҳ룬ûңܾҪը
һհȥ棬֮˺Ȼϴ裬ϴֶ֮ˣȻ˷Ͳû˯ˡ
һߣλĵߵǶǰ£һ硣
͵Ъһˬһλ߾Դˣʲôһ磿ҪǲСӲŵ
ٴǰٶټӿ죬ʮ
λߵЩ࣬죿ϾûҵɤӶ𣿶ʲôҩʹԽԽơ
ף֪ͷǱܵʱƣƫףаɷˣôܻСԵأ
.
ֶܳɿ죬ͷû̧Խ˵ˣ磬ɡ
鱾ԽԽߵܻܷŽСӾȻûߴԼܹҳ꣬ȻֵñСӲĳɡСӲǵ̫Сʱٹ𣿽硣
Щͨ˸ˣǴˡ
ͣ±ʣü΢£ôˣ
ף˵µģ£һҲС£˵˵ɣˣҲˡȻܾʾ⣬ߣ
ҪˣȴϤСͯǣǣëëһ򡣡
ëëܹİȴڿڵ˵ʱСֳϲȻת˷ø˾ϲšʦ֣һǣ˴ˡ
ܶǱߵس˳ǣһСգ˾ͱʲôë
һһСѾˣ˵˵ϻˡ
ףסСһļЦŵôˣ
͵ͷˡ
ôˣôûȥңʦˡ϶ⲻǴСԱŻСܿף
ûзӦף˵ʲô˼ܾ͵죬ΪȤȻΪ棬׽ܴʲô
ף飺ˮˣ
æסף䣬ףҵ棬⣬⣬ģϲ
ף鱻˵עȽܷŵһߣСת磬СԴģ
͵ͷСޱϡ
ףԭĻôңʦ֡
ףԹĥ⻰Լִ⣿ǵģܺԵҪ׽ˡ
æҪ£Űﲻˡ
Ҫۡ
ŵȵġ
Сһһ䣬һһ㣬˵СӼҵ뷨棬ģϣܴġ
ףüĿ֮ԽԽʱŵ˿䳹תĳĶ
ʵֻһ㣬ٺ٣ҲΣԼû⵽Ȼ仯
ףֻЦͣ԰Ҳȥ棬ſȥҲܿġ
˵Ե𣿡
ԱߵﲻסˣšüģʵǣСʲô˼ѵҾͲæҲۣ


28 
ʵ߷ߣ˭ֹææ۲أ
ף֮÷ֶһƣͷҪըԵһ£Ȼ֮⼸ͲˣҲʱÿҵ
꣬еֱˣ峺һ˫۾޹˵ʲôѽôˣ
ףʱǰһһŭܲ˭СأСʦܲУ
˵˵ղ˵׽ô£
ܵŭһͣôҸСӣԺٴ档
һСˮΪֵҫϸҲˣֲǲ֪Լ֣С˷ģôСһʹôΣյģ
ף飬˭˵çأôͲ˷ˣһ£ǵˮҼ񲻻ǵһӲסܺ㵱ʦ־Ͷ˲ˣ
ˮ£ʦܣ㵱ߣ
ҪƵģʦܣԺҲҪȥɱУΪСأ
˵ӵףɫࣺܣȥɱȥˣ

տʼƫʱ򣬰ûʲôڻԽԽƫԽԽңǽǽǵ¶ûһҶһµģ±λ¸꼰㡣
ףĺŲŲ߳ףܡ

ǣǣҲˡ
Щͷⶼʲô£ΪݵȰܣֻ˭Ȱأ
ͻȻСͯ˲˻СϵǣСüͷǲҪܣںȻΡ
ƽˮƽϴ໹άűѺãɸղһһľͺֱɣǳʧȣڱСһôţΪˡܡ͸ɣλ±ˡ
ܵ˭ˣֱӴ򡣡
ףһЦҪ𣿡
æһףӣǻȥɡֶܵǳ飬Żˡ
ûɣҲɢף鱧ȥ·ϰףɫٴε
ûҸš
˵ף黹˿⣬̲סʰţ˵𣿡˵ŵʱΪü
ֺ֮ˣŶʲô϶մϱ߶ģô£޲ηԽº͵ʱԽ£ôմϱ߶
϶죡
üϺȻֻС֣ŵСһʱҪҪЩСߣʱСüͷҲֻ֣Сָͷü䣬ü
ãϲ
üСָͷģߵСһģ϶ɵ׾ͱɢȥˡף黹ЦŰԴǰ˹ȥСһһ¡
ȻСһôߵС˹ǵزȥȣеֻ׹ĶϷ
ף߻ָ˿ģԶСַǳ֣ǳиȾЦ
ף֮Ҳûпշйƽ飬û鷿гķɿҲûĥղܵ;˷ԸСٹ档
ܵȴûóⲻǰܵĿ¾Ҳһ㣬Ȳɧ𣿱ʱ泭飬Ҳġ
ףҲ˽ȥ棬ëëһףҲͬ棬ܲһףˮʱװʧֽӲӮҲһֺ淨
ףСϷҲоδ÷ζġ
ǰȺͣף黹Ͳˣ
ҡҡͷ£ҿ
ôһĻףż飬һߣʱëëһҲ
ף黹˵仰߹ȥСҲѡ
˹ף˵£濴ף򵥽ܣҲ˵¡
ף緹˯ˣм仹ʳСģȻԼ˴䣬ֳ
ף˲һ죬һһС鶼ףһȴҲһ㶼û١
֪ˣǸôһҪ棬ʲôˣһϴֹǻ˸̶
ţÿ֪Ҳû˼ܱģĽ֮£֮ǰҪĶˡ
վڰǰʱڴУϣˣ
ﲻܺͰҲ˹ϾҲ۸ٷġ
ǶѳСɽƵģдīֽţ𾪵ŴϲϣȻͶλʦͬͬ黹һ¾쭵ϸߡ
֮ǰܶ۸ףǱڴ£˾һʹ˰ɡ
ƽֻÿζдддʱûãЩīֽŷŵһ𣬶ൽðе𺳣ͻͦġ
ܳЩֽŻһһݵװˣֳһݣûҳ㿴ܣͳ
Žż￴֮ҲùֲðأдͿīֵۣ֡
ţһҲûʶҲ˹ס
˵ܵģʱͷ
ʦҡҡʵ˵ȥسҲð⻰
ʦߴĸӣаĳ࣬˲侹С
ǿôһ룬ڹͬˣϣ˵飬ûͲˡ
ʦЩʦֳģ
ͷ
ۡ
⻰ͬﵹǮϰ嶼ա
ܣҲҲûôĿİɣҲõİɡСǰͲܸӣ
ǣĵӲŹַ֣˼ҳָ֮ӵֽһ԰ԺѧΪʦˡ
ףģΪʱѾϴСǵĶʶ֣ŲܣûκιϵǰһȴͬСʼģʱ򶪵Ļˡ
˵ˣֻܹԹԵͷںܵĿ͹ܲˡ
Ҳ԰ʦ쳭ۡ
ܵĿˣЩҲп죿
ܣ
ǰϲ֪ҵߣŪô۶Ӵ
ͷˣڲϴǽĳ
˰ǲж̰塣
ץסˣǸݾȡ
ǰԳȴȥֻҲûп졣
ʦҶˣǲǿˣ
ǺǴ˵СӶʲô
ܿɶ㶼û飬֮ǰʱСӰٳЩ飬С֮Сȴ˵˾Ҫ
ܵʱǸ
ҲûָСӡ
ָһ棬ô˲ôܶԴ˻㻳зϣġ
˵ܣ˵ǲǿˣ


29 
һ⣬ԣȻԣǶϵֻҪź͵ȫȥ
˶Ƹˣһ˲ǳ֮ܡ
ʦʦֳ飬þúþúþˡ
۸ţʦĶԲԣ
һ
⻰СԴͳŰЦˣʦ𣬺á
ľؿСƨض౯׳ˣҪһΣʱ϶ȥӡ
ֵǳôࡣ˵첲Ȼһ£쿪С첲ҲȫǶСɽöö࣬ǲϲ飬
ܣ쵽һӸķݶˣ
վ˵۵صҲֻôЩѣҵˣҲľʶ档٣ڳҲǷܣЩҲǰ׳޳
պ󲻿ѧ
죺ǣʦô֪ôأĹľѧʶǳ񫣿
ڵͷѧ
ܵĿ⵶ӲϷţѵ͵͵һС
ʦʦֿԲ𣿡
ˣ֪͸ģúӡ
ʦִ棬۸ˡ
ܵСĿһͣ类һͻȻҪӯؼϣ
ͷС飿Ϊ㲻ϲ
ǲ˯飬Ҫˣٷ˺òãǺܿġ
ͷǰС˫Сǰһ𣬿Щִ٣ڷǽʾ֭Żˡ
СһС˼״ȻСһһڴصش
òã
òã
Բ۾ͷԵĸоɵϱQӡ
ӦӦôźľˡ
ȻȵڰڴУƵصʦַ£²ú
⻰Ĭɾ˵ġ
ǣȻԭˣҾ
ܣ
䵽ȵ׵˲䵯˻ʦ˵Ե˶԰ɣԶԶԣ˵ġ
߻Լλ˻ȥѹͲ
ûϵȫϲеһ㶼⡣
ʱתķɿ죬԰ʦȥ®һˣ®ħֵҪŰʱ򣬵򣬾õȥɡ
һ£óȥŷŷҪٱϴס
˰һͷӦ֮ǣ磬±ٸץȥӡ
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ѧŸղܵӣģһ񣬷Сϣһ̬ɰðֳһ˿ǳЦ
Сһת˼ѣȲؿʼճ⣬ǣǣȵҡһĺ
С۵ͯͦ⴦й˸ȻСͯͦ
ǰ¿˿Цϣ֪ǰûУڿˡ
СֻҪǴ޴ֵʱ̺ͲᣬҰ룬ĳƺСһһţ˶ˣҲ֪εıס
ΰɾͲ´ˣѾľ˵ѹû뵽һ硣Ҳ˰ĺΪ黹ͣһȰ
Сһܵǰˣܵʲô
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źܹԣҡ
ܲŲĻеҴ㣬Ϊʦֺʦͬ⡣
Ĳеȥ

˱߱˵Ҳһ䡣վıֱȴ̲סȥλС¡
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ܽһģСӣС˵ʲô
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˰ɣǸѲӣܵ˵ɣҪʲô
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˲󣬿С

ܵˣһȥҲһˣʱ˵ôһˣţһѡ
һҴﱧһ£ǲˣ
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Ҫԣ˳Աߵλͷһ¡
ѩӣóԵģϲ
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Сӳ֮󣬵Ҹղ˵ĺǲݮϲ
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Ȼ룬ȥˣҲûٴ޵һĸСӶ
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ЩСЩ֮ҲӦˣоʵԣӦСǹԵʱҲͦɰģţȤ
ҪǣЩСһʱŲ˵ƽˣ
ƽӣȴһºĳһˣ£Ҳܽг°ɣֻ˵ܵ˾š
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ףѸٸϹʱ򣬰ϵľ֮ɫѾûˣŰǰǸ׹ںܾؿ


30 
ҴҸף󻹸һҲ£ףλӡɵˡ
Ϊ౻ǨŭԶԶ򷢳ȥӡɣ¸ףӵϮϢʱҲףߡ
ףæϹʱҲæŹˣǸе
ǵʧ˳ŵıӰղŵϢʱ˲ѹƣ˵ʲôţ˵ǵС֪˭
⿴İ
ף߽ʱֺܿԼ״̬£ַڴ㶵Сļϣš
ˣû˰
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Цһ£ףĵǣмϵ֣Ŷ˵ģףڵ
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ף鲻˵Ҫ֮ǰ£СҪѲ˲źá
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˿ףſĸ첲üûлȥַСһﱳϡ
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һɺģ˷˵ĸоӱϴֻ˵ĽڣȴƤʼˡ
ƿѾ۷켫һյСҲһ˺ϵСԴɿ֡
ףСһﳹ˯ˣ԰ߡŰȥСһңСһСȻų
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31 
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һ飬ڴͷ顣ڿ飬ȴǼģôһۣնôһ£ף㽫ߴҳϣƵ˰ϡ
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֣棿ϲһ´ӴվԷҪҵġ
Ͻ·СЬӣϴԷС磬ûͼηС룬Ҫܡ
ףΰڷǰų
ף鲢ûʳԣĴȥ˺ֵĵطǼУŰСȥĵߵļУ׽ģֻ಻٣Ҳֻ֡
ȺûУʲô;̾һ
˵ĺˣӼĺƯɡ
ףСһ޳ӣҲЦСһֱ˼ֽȥεСһĶﲻ
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ţֻСһﻹҪֽ𰣬϶Ҫš
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ԼŶʦ
ȥ漯еʱſ˼˵̯Ͽã⼸ҪţϾ˼ƽ׹ӣǺöȥ
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32 
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ƬƬĲݵԴëëһôܣײҲˤ
滹˺ܶߣĽˣȣǻʦʦ֣ƾȤలûû뵽ߣôߡ
ԹĴľʦ𣬸ҵģ
ͷͲж˲õӣ԰Ǳߡ
Ҳġ
һƬĹ԰ϲˮ涼֡
Щľݣǹ԰֮ڣ޵УͨΪڣܰ쵽ģ˶̵ʱڰ쵽ҲûٷҲġ
ۣѩӣϵ𣿡ŽżҲ֦⡣
վ£һֱժ˰ѵַ۰ɫСӣʩŪϴ߶ĲҪСǰ÷鷳
°һ̧԰ҪϴɾٳԣǱˮ
СܹȥԼϴû˵ʦĻҪźͽܡ
У
ȻִһС·Ұһ䣬Ҫˣ˵ˮðȪˮ
ž͵Ȫˮˮָͷر
ӰӹѩӣԼϴժˮݮԼժߵľðժ
ժˮϴˮǳˮܸˡ
ߣݳ԰Ȫϲ߸˵ԼһŲݮ˰һţܻȪˮԱߡ
Ĳݮ£СӱֳĿ⡣
֮ȴü
ΪСʪˣǰʪˣЬ϶ʪ࣬Сˮһ̽һ̽̽˹ȥ

ͷô˵ѽ
Сϵˮ黹һֱ°Ͷ档

˹ȥϻ˦˦ЬϵĴ飬˦Լˡ
ǰվŵСຢһ˿ͷۣСԼϴˮѣɸɾһСһĹͳһ
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ӣΪССָٲˮĿǣźͽܡ
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СһŲݮ۵Цĺܿɰ

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.
ף鱻ʦٹȥ˵£˵֮ʦ鰸豭ⶼص㣬Ҫף߸ôһɨûס顪
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վ֮ǼСһʧأ˵Сܵķɿ죬ҲףһĨЦ
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ҲٵС˶ףԼ˹ȥְﰲСӣҿժʲô
óԵģȥ͵һԡ
á
СѶף鶼Щǻ˻֣ظҡ
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šָףָŽԶߣԻ
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ף鿴С棬Ҳͦġܶʱ򣬿棬涼žÿһֱתĴԲԾϢ

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á
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ԡŲʦһʦС
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ȻܲڼңǱߵҲŰţ˸Сʳд
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ǣǻˡĶõİӭλʦֻؼңСܳȥ
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ܵͷԼϵѪ·ʱ·϶һѪ¡
Сüȥ·
ʱȷʵǾסˣܾôܺܲһһ˴ѹȣ˲ֱӵķ
񣬾Լ˺ܾõĶͻȻ˼Ұǡ


33 
ܻ·һһ׵İ£˾һ£ҲûƮȻɣ֮С
ܿüһվôԶʲô
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ĿԴҵ֣һ˼Ϥʶǡ
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ŴǴ˿ɲͨˣȻԼΪ͵ҩһ̶ʣˡ˼ħŪ˿ЩѲЩʱ䣬ҲȫǴ¡
ֻĻһֻСӣָҴմϵһȴܻһץסСӵ֣СĽ˿üֻɫȻѿ

Ҳŵˣֱ󣬹ԹӦ֪ˡֻ۾ֿ͸ѪɫǴǣˡ
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˵Сüͷţ˿һ۵СԼƵġ
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ȻЦĺû֣ÿһŶС𣿡
Сɵӡ
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⻰ȤĶأĶأ
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ܱţڻǶི˼䣬ི˼ֱ֮ٶི˼䣬СԲŵĺ۾Ц𣿡
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㱻ҭţʵٽ䡣һ˿˿İԼĿڲŲʵħĴҲܴ̼ţܶ˶ܳݣֻԼеľʶѡ
ƨɣһѰˣˡ
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ʱһһգֹȥһ꣬Ҫ˵Ĵѡ
һҪҪǾǰôСѣҪˣԺҲˡ
˵£ڴ˷Ȼǲϵġ
һСüͷİԴʲôأСͷƵġ
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룬ֲۣܹȻǱ


34 
浽һ죬˵㻰ףҲû£Ҳͬˡ
˲ԸȻ˰ȻҲڡ¿ðѹ
ǰǰ˵Ļָǿʯϡ
оʲôȡһƵģƬ֮λߵˡ
ִӾʯһ´Σ˸ηסˣţ״ʦ֡
λߣʣôô
оһ˲ţҪ
λֱ־ĳýŲ̫á
ʵ治˵ֻ˵еȰɣͨˣܲǰͨˣϵĵӣɾͲˡʺõģ֪ûܳΪϵĵӡ
߾ǣҲȫ˵ѣǸޣߵǱߵ·ӣʻϼѵġ
˵ⲻϵС
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Ȼ˵пɣǾôŻǲôá
ֻֻҪҲܲˣְܿԼοˡ
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ҲĸŪѧãʮأֻаһ죬ܲˣĴ½ݵĶС
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ëëȥһȦһëѩҲѩϲȳһצӡ
СñӣҲܳȥëëһѩȥˡ
ܹʱ򣬱㿴һƬһߵȥûĵѩϣĨɫܿ챻һ׸סˡ
ԺĺͯЦд󹷵
ȴԭǹѩѣСڰëϣͨԵİëɫ۾СˣºֿݣצצСˡ
ڰˣҲҽëë˴ʵˣǺѡ
Ȼѩܼ£˰ëëһѩˣĳּѡ

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һǳɣ飬ȴһոǸѩžѾ˿գ䵽ѩܵ·߶ûմһ¡
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һĸˣҲ˲˵ڵصǰһ˲Ľ㽡
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ԼûôɣʶַѧʶϣѧĲѣʱ䣬Ƿ档
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СȻҲҪײҪҪܴӰѧһ㡣


35 
Űÿһ仰Ŭȥ벻׵ĵطҲֱʡ
ʵģʵﶼ򵥵ټ򵥣ӣûǸĸһ㽲ȥԼȥˡ
԰ȴǳ׶ȥ˼ֵʦӡ
֮󣬵ͷЩ
ָСѵüϣĸܣʱڴˡ

ҲͰΪֿƾ׼շ磬ſ׸Сָ
СԼŬаСȻ츳ôУǺҲûѧͬǶ٣Ҳǰˡ
ֻǰĵӣʵӦҪõһģȴòôŲλĸоȻǻôССѣĿǰ뵽ôࡣ
СŬеСѣôССӣôߵĲ࣬رǣ춼ĺܿĵСѣû˶ٵʱ򣬲ȥˣԼѡ͸Ϊѵá
ˣ֣
ǲûУѵá
һСϣһ˿͵
һ۵ʱ򣬾ͼߺȲ߿ı飬һ¶԰¶һЦʦҸղԣоʱҪЩ
ţһѮͿŽˡ
ĻܸˣЦСۣһŬʦ
˵Żڵظ˵Ĳ豭µ˲ˮ
СѾӸ˲٣ѾȲˣֻţһ֣أСģһ㶼û
СһͷĿ죬ϵȻûڣСһﴩĺʵԿָƵˡ
ֲһСë޵ñӣ˵°ͣСҲһ¡
Сѣ䣿
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Сһķ۰׵СëñӼ䣬ԵøСЩʱֻСŲ豭ִյСϣҪůһů
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㣬ܺţȣҲܺȣֽ豭´Ų԰пҾãá
СѴƵĸпҼǵʱ򣬸ʦֱԹ˵ϲ졣
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ҲǶСôһ䣬ܿ죬˼ڣů¯
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ŻΧŵСˣ΢΢ҡҡͷ˰ҲûеڶﻹôڣҲԼݳġ
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ʦԼæҿԼ⣬ߣʦ𡣡ڻ̱ߣٶôȥ档
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Ŷһ˰˼˼ô࣬ʱ򣬰ֱӽӳŵ˼¡
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û٣⿴СһææȥˣҲĻͦ˼
ԼĶûͦóԵģȻеû죬еĿˣԼģǿĲҲҪ˵óԡ
˳֮󣬻ǵҪТʦ
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һף뿾ԼԵģ
ȰСϴһ¡

ڰŪտʱףҲ˵أ⣬СʦڿʳһЩˣǼǵ͹ȥãǲСʦܶãһμɣҲһʵġ
Ǹȥ֮ӡɴչ̲ס˵ӣ£Сôĵİ
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36 
ӡ˵֮󣬶ףĬصĶӣһ飬һָס͵Ķ
Ҳ˵ˣԼ˵˻صһԼȥ
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ʱְֱҪˣҪÿ
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ף鲢ûбӡɵĻʲãܻܿᱻӣʱת̬ȣҪ߱ˣȻʲãȻŵСʦܡ
ҼûвʵףǿŷַſЩĸ˻
һģûвСʦܣܱ֪ҪöٱģųСʦܣһôˣ
Ҳܿ
ܿذϰ˿԰ȷʵģʱҲ֪ô£Ҳ˻߶һſİĻ
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ڰͦòְԼ˸ʵȻȥ
һ뿪ͺܿ챻óԭ豻˸ɾŪƤǻкڻұ״ɨĸɾһȾţı仯һë޵ӡ
ֻһССˣȴһʧ˴ŲҲ޵£μܣһ㶼ŵϡ
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Ҫôķ󣬻ҪôʱУľԲͣϲƴ֣龧ʯ
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ղŻڸ˵Сʧּһ䣺æЩԸȥ
ʵıȷŶһﲢûʲôʧ֮ģҲô˳һԼѣȥ㲻ȥ¡
ڰָ˿ڣȻҲʦӣǺܸ˵صͷã
СĸҲðһ˿
ȴ̫ס԰ʦȥ
ţȥɡ
̧ͷ㿴Сû߼ֿʼűQųţСӰܻ֣С󣬿ȣȻҲûкܴ˼˵üһֱû䡣
Ҳǰһֱţûо
ȳţСѾ͸ͬƵģžˤҲһ㶼֡
ҲûѣˤҲûʲôֲϴô裬ˤȻͳˣǲԣ˵ۣνϲ̫ϸ¡
ţףϸ¾ϵľףĪ÷ͷﻹǲġ
;ٸӰɣҲ£СѲСͱܿŲö𣿺СÿǵķݶǸǵĿţÿһҲͻƶôʵһҲû֮ǰ࣬ɲͺŪС
СѸʦ֣ʦֶϵãǰĿⲻżҲţҪ£һС𣿿ȣҪ˵ȥ˼ҴܶӣŪĸʲôƵġ
Сյͽܣܸ˶׽ֻ׽ɣ
ţ˵ô࣬˵Ͷãһΰʱ򣬸Сƻͨƻǹ˺µƻ
ƻƻ£Ҳƻǡ
鰲ҲǵһÿСҲǳġ
ףо仰˵ĻͦԵģСӾϲóԵĺģ׾ܸ׽ϷĵطѾˣϲԵҲͶιˣȻ֮ǰ꣬СҲʼԽԽ׽
ͶιĴˣдǡɱϴײ
ʱȻ򶨣ϵϷһ㶼ûһ㶼֪вԡ
ֻǵʱףϵβûס̼ǵõʱλһͷ۵üģȻʦ𣬴˵ˣøǡ
ǰ˵ʲôأף򶼰ˣֻһȻһСѲĿУƻ˸ˡ
Ҫ˵϶˵ûϴ̫ЩԵôˣûҪôϸ¡ʹǵСˣ˼ҵСԣԵôˣ
ףӺоļһǵȷּƣðҲЩ϶˵˵ҪѺӸƵġ
Ȳ˵ô࣬˵ڣȻܵĻ죬ǲû簲ˤһţһʹף͹ȥСЬӷһܵȵġ
֪һ԰ҲȻ໨ڿȥŵС£ȥȻҲûţǼæŵҲ°Լ˰ˡ
ڰܳȥûãĵȴһˣѪ壬˰һţйСµ
ǷչȻܿꡣƣĺȷʵ֮ǰ룬һڣŵİͷȴκ֮С
ѪϽ⴫
֪
ۼɾ


37 
ϰڵǷΪӰŮǰдϢܴ󡣵ճұţӰŮӲңǾҪѺ֮УҴд˷ţ׼ҴƱ
нƱѺӽҲǰ²ī
Ʊϵ֮ʱûм˵ĺӣûӵӵƱԼǱŶһ²һµģһħҲûȥ˼ҵ޵ĴӪȥīݡ
ҲͱѹףѪʱԵɺײڼ֮󣬱ȷ˰
īô˾һҹ߸ܻǱ˸ǿˣ˼ǿ֮󻹳ɹˣĺӣˣŴĺӺ˵
ڸã׵ĺӱħȻжԣԺôŶ׳һϷ
ڰüţȴʹ졣û˶ٿЦ˼ҲδֺϷڴ
СܵĽŲ˰һ£ϵǷҲ˲ʧĴռеţԲеڶܿ
뷨̫һ뷨ǾģǾھð֪
Сĺܿ죬Сźü֦۵İ׵ĻƵģͦޡ仨ЩסССӵ˵ģҲ֪ΪˣȵģǱ紵ġ
ʦժ˻ǰɣÿ
ЩϡС£һҲᲵСһ
ͷ飬ȴһʱȥ̧ͷ
Сձʱûи첲⼸ܸࡣ
С²۾ƿ廨Ūڲһ㣬Ťͷûڵͷģʵʦÿ𣿻ɫĻǷмÿڱ߱߶ÿ
СҲҪԴӶôСӣӴƵļëƤСҲˣϰ˵Ҳûвͣǻ濴˹ȥȻ˴𰸣мÿ
Сѱһ˵ʦҲмÿҲǣǸʦϺòã
ͷ
Ӧ֮󣬱ϿɵСѸˣһ˫ںڵ۾䣬СıŴƿ͡
Сյӣ˿ƣԽԽСôͻīݵĶأ
ǸûһʯЦÿɰСһ㶼ϵϡ
ţĺá
ƿںãλʦ˸ãʦæʱ򣬿ɡ
С߰ɣȥ·ӡ
·ʵҲûʲôÿֻԵСֵĺܻϲһӣͽñ·ˣЬҲˣݵؿȥСƵġ
ץסСѵ֣С̫ϸˣû⡣СѴһµʱ򣬻ֺģһ·ͷˣǰһԱȣԵСĹ֡
ôû⣿
кúóԷ
ףҲ⣬ðʱС̣ǹԲϱ죬Ȼ̵ũһơ
ȴǾüȻݣǾǳԵķǲСǿԱٹȣ鷳
ڰһٷţ˵Ӧ˵Ӧ룬Űһٷ
һ޵ĺӣԵ磬ȷʵ˵кúóԷ
ǰȴǸͷ޵ܳ˻в㣬ǵ˻˵һ䣬ĳӿɲǳϲ̨棬ǻͦģȫǰԼ̫ˡ
̫˵İûԼдҵСԭ
Թ죬ǷӻµģҲµġ
ǰķ˾ѾܺóˣڸһóԵͣ㰲Сǿܶ࣬Ҳ˻ֳԣֱԵСƤš
ôôóԣ
óԡ
ٸס죬ѾʼڴһˡЦŸͣ˵εĳʦ߳ģһֺóճ뻯ʸ
ʸģǾͺˣǱٹȵʿҲŴʯ龧Ŷӣ볢һ¿ڿഫζ
һСãκģôôǹֲ޷ֿء
᲻ˣ
Сôţĸ˵Ծ⻰̫ЩЩʧԣȻǾ淽ڵС£󲻹εĳʦҲһʡ
ϲȵλʦǰͲһǧݵѻģֻǸСʮķûκΣգܻһѻҲҲô˵ֻ͵ֵķݶ
ʵ˵ѻǺҲǷǳ֮
ðãⱲĳڽﳤĽСүˡ
˶ã˳ŵζ˳硣
ţʵϵܴ죬ܹѣʶҲľ˳˳ˮǡ
ϰ֣ԷĺܳʵϰϣͬңңȣϣҲ簲˵ҲţͬＷǰéڳԷԴӻ³ʦ֮󣬰;ÿٷ˿ʹĿ飬Ҫӱʱ;ͣԲһ򵥵¡
ţСͿʼ־أ˵У־ɾαƮ˵ǹغԪǿȣغʵٺ٣֡
ҲǰÿγԳȴֲ÷¿ӣҾʱĺ˼ˣû˵ʳ־ģȰٴЩһʱרҵӣɲˡ
ףξͲˣٴγԳֻɢèһİҪȥʳ
ף鷸һˣܳԳſɲС
æϴ̰ˣ´ο϶ע⣬Ա;ٶһڡ
ף鵹ǰĴǷôóԣʿסοһСأ
ţףȥҳʦȥˣ֮ϵķ˾ͳССݶȻû٣Ƿ̳࣬ʱ򣬶á
ٳ˺óԵģԴһҲûвʵףϵϸ¹ģϲġ
Ϊǰûйڱţһ㶼ᷳܿġ
ףһιС˷СڲгԳŵ⣬Сһѩˣ֮󣬱Сѩתת
Сף鲻ʧЦСҿжˣţһ㡣ؼƵ˵֮óۡ
ĳչ黹еãţѳθŻˣԻǵòʧ
İЦС࣬óԣʦҲԺòãϲʦֳԷ
⻰ף۾ůð
ȣǧѻųʦʦ˿ɾû˴ûжԱȣû˺
ףҲûн£ǱȥˣٴЩɾͲʦֱˡ
ףһСʲôӣ˵еССʱͦԣǳ֮ӡ
ףſ϶ᡣôһ뻹ͦڴ


38 
ǺüȥףЩ˵ʱ嶼ô󣬺üȥӣҲûʲôı仯
ʱͻ֪ʱŷɿ죬СһһճСꡣʮС궼ѾҪܼôˣɲٽ˼Сˡ
ܴ̤Ժ䣬ԽԽʱ򣬲˲ӣѹɤԱߵˣ
ǡ
ˣҵһ
һζĴлعѰŲζ߹ȥõĳʱ⡣
ôҲң˵Ҳӡ
ףһԷʱ򻹻ϸʣǵڷϵʱ򣬽ٶȾͻ᲻Ծӿ죬ΪһɲãԷٶһ
˵ֲóԷôô
ǲԷҲ߲ųԵ㡣ּһʦѻûа׷ѣζпڡ
˵ֿʼ˵ϸר򣬵ĶƴֻһΪѾСͯˣҲŻ
˵ůԺ䣬Ȼ˵ڹĳӣܲΪȻűǣԽųԽ׳ʵǱ̫ˡ
˵껹ļģɱ𳤳𡭡ڰЦЦ񾯸֮£ѿڶġϡһʱģȥף
ʦʹʦܺá
֪ǳԴס
ǴˣʦҲչǣǲҪᡣ
Ȼ˵һԱȣͽܵȷʵͬģѾϰʦͽģʽˣϺϴҲƤܵһء
һ֣Сӣ˵Щʲô
ǰɣȥҼʱûС
ʱ֣ͣܵĿ⣬еڴҲе͸ʦһ
Ҫĸ˵ˮƽȫûиǿһ͸һ֮˵
С꣬ܵҲѧ˲ôֱ
ڸղŵʱ⣬ҲѾ˸壬Сڴʱ˵ͷͷǵ
ܻԼСʱˮ򵥣Լûô⣬˱ԼҪѾġ
Сĵְ˵Ŀʼ֮һмӳݵ˵ܱҲû׷ѡ
ôô
һ֪ԼĥþõЧҪá
ƨĵͨ泩ַܸܺصǵȻָ㶼Уһʲô
ˣʱ仹㳤
Ҫ˵Сʦ˲㱿ܳƵһһ͸ٶȱôʱԶˡ
ʳڵҲȥЩͲһصģȥˡ
ڶһۿ˭֮뷨Ҳһ㡣Ķû취֪ŬҲȡЩȲϣ컹ϽŬıñӵĻǱӡ
ܹİͷеĹԼҲ
Щͬû۸㣬˵Ļɣ
Цң
Ȼ˵ҲԡвϲľֱӸϳȥ÷ǰ߶ۡ
ɲϵĵӣҵʦܣܶˡ֪
СǣǲǸǶˣ
üһ壬ǣҲǸ˼
һʱץ֮У˭˵Ǹˣʦ˾ܶģĸ˵һԣ
˵淽ĵӣܵϣҪͦأҪţܺ۸
ܷѾĽͣŹ֪
ָ˵һ£ҪһЩ졣
ţȥ棿Ǹóȥˡôʱ򶼲֪ٵطˣɲǻ¡
ܸȤصǸҽ
ûоܾɤӣ˰ֿ쵹һˮ֮󣬱㿪ʼ⼸Ҳ˾飬ܵˮƽûĻУֻѰĳȣ
Ǻ
̣ʰʦ˵ˣ
˵˵ġ
ܣף⼸ǲǲڣ
һ
ܺЦһµף鲻ȥ
ŲǣҸʦִˣʦ˵ȥ
ʱлڣ˳ȥɲҪôʦֲڲųȥ
ܲţͬ⣿ʦҲˣͬ⣿
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У˵ȥҲһγԶţҾһΡ
ҡͷҪŵĻǰûҺͷ⣬һ𡣡
ͱǰͬ˶εĳзǳڴ·ţ͸һδεѧһ
С꣬ټϼôˡǼûʱ򶼲֣סޣг̶Լ¡
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ɣĿĿ⻹˵´ٳʱҪȥԶĵط
ҲŸ͡
ð
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˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ⣬Ĵ½󲿷ħޣ¶޼ɣҲͣħ޶ûߵĵʶħ֮УҲͬһʿħҲǲá
ǾԻѪΪԴаޣǰǱа޵Ŀ꣬վˮ߹˶İ˲
ļˮ֮϶ˣĺܼңǳйԣΧ۵Ҳܶࡣ˲ʿǷˣ˳ˣ밲˵ˮǷľ׮ʾʱ
׷˸ϣһƬңȺ˲伷һƬӡа޵Ŀĵأˮ˴ĺ֣һռ󣬿һط
ƫˮ֮ǰץһˣҲǰŵľ֮ʳСѪΪΪõ⡣
һжһ˲䣬аҲмֱ£ŵļ׷ˮǰ벽ǵС¾ûټ
ͻλаֻ°ˣֱӹˣϵķҲܵһ£Ǳ˳ߣͣʱһɽ꣬ߵĻһߵˡ
ϵǸӣж˶ǸӻǰϵģĳҲڱ䣬һֱʣһֱԴ
һҲƽ׹û£
ߵҲſȻ䵲ſ壬ҲȻű
ϸƤСүǸСʿǾ͸ˣһʮҲֹ



39 
а޲аޣЦЦɰֽĦ˻ܣʹߣЦҲ⡣
ǰһȰһͷӰԼǰ⣬ɤŭô˵ưͣ
˵ܡ
ǺǣԼǴүأ֪
˵֣ץȥȴһˡ
ȴЦŵȰ㻹ٷΪܲ
⻰˵ĲȻŬڷܣииСҲõó֣ɱϾ仹СϱǿĻǶĶࡣ
ǰλа޾ǣȡѪΪΪõӶߣˣҲѹ
ȴûģᾢǰȥаһɫһ׷ȥܵ˸ק˻
קȴûлţֶ̧ϣа޼
Ȼһûиа޴شа޸߸һĹȥ߸ϵа޶ǰģһĹȥﲻеڶֽ
ϸƤ⣬ֺСү³Եͷ᳹ʵ
а޻ʳʵҲûֱӰѰ
һƻ˵ģȴźˣаޱϵıĺˣȴûֱӰ˽ǽϡ
аޱ߾߶㣬ɫǵ˸а̽Сϳ֣ٴα
а޵Ŀ⿴󣬡㾿ʲô⣿׽ͷС
һжкϣѵõĲİӣаֻܶ㣬ȴܣ൱úúãͷԽԽãҾϲЩ߸ϵĴү
Ϻǣͦ𸻣š
ţ㣬㣡
Ȼа޵Ϊϲ٣ǰʹұ죬żҲܻаޣа޶ҽˡ
ˣٴγӣλа޿ǿĺڳ񽫰˻
˵ʵκҲá
ȰҷˣжԶܶԶ
˼λаƽľǰֺ̨ӲҲܹүӣѹͲȰ˽קţɭɭָҵ㣿
ģҲˣ
ü˵˻ͬĥֽ
ס͸첲ĺڳȻĲɾĺڳҲͨС
ʦıǷȻҲһ覴õİڿɲͱˣ
˴ŻţôţǼɴҲţһҵҡ
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ţλаƶϳ׽ץλСүĳλеĽޣĴ½лܻĿɳĴ½Ǭô󣬺Ǻǡ
а޾뵽һץץľħײеĽСү
.
˵صʱʧ֮ʣʱǣͷⶼˮˣٲţҲýһʵǰСŪˡ
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ŻڣŰף£˲縲˪
ŭ籡СӼǰ˵֮ʱڴתʹȥߣ֤Ǹ֮ͽ޴ӡ
ףȴɣ
ŭӣҾ֪ûģ
ףľ²ɴ˾֪˵Լ沢ȱĻ̥֮ˣǵЩˣ֪£Ҳ£Сʦܲ
ղð
ףʦȥСʦܵ䡣
һֱû˵Ҳ̫óİȥ
Ҳ飬˻䣬ѾУץǰŵһͬ뿪ˡ
.
аקǰߣǸаڼ仹ȡΪţֱˣϼˡ
ĳȰλУҿҲͦ۵ģοҿգ
ȻţУǸǰ·ƣ߶סһϵùࡣ
һȴǷֲĸǷͽĸܺˡ
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ð޷رСеǰδеĵţжҪ˵ˡ
Ťͷ尲ŭȣұ죡
˸ۣ˵ۣбߣûﻹҸôŵˣ
Ҫڵʱ򣬰ͼҪˣҪԼߣҲˣ
ӲקĻٱǰȥҪƣӦԣòЭ
֮ͣ󣬰ЪϢҪ˯дסǴүһ㶼඼Բˣʲôʱ򶼻˯
Ļ֮ԱǣܲܳԿ࣬Ϊ˳Կࣿ
ôӳõˣô˼۸˵˵
Ӿڲ˵˵µĹͣ°С˵һš
죡
һ˵ñ죬Դ˺ܲм
ʵҳҲãģǱģһ
ȻвΪ׾ӵĻ¿жݺݵ˯ľ˯͸·
ڰ˯֮ǵĶޱȡ
ΪǸǱץģ˼˯磬Ǳ˱ҹˣһ׼õȴòˡ
ڶ˼һ˯ѣˬ㲵ȴ˸ӻҪˮȣͲϡ
а߶סɫʱֻûٹȣҪˮҶûҪԵġ
ԣҺ鷳ġ
ֲô죬㡣
ĵаȴȰﻹûץֵٷŵģȰ롣
ĿڳＸ
ҲٸѻҪˮ
пһۣˮȥˣˮȴǸȵģǹһƿߣҪԼȡ
ÿ͹İ̺Ƶϳª
кһˮ֮󣬶ƵĿֹιڰϡ
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˵ȻҡҡͷҲ¡
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ţٶ࿴ۣҲУҲ֡
ǲԱûҪ
ʵڲУҼкܺõҩģƭ㡣ȻҸŪ㣿϶ܸκá
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ĿŰ˵ݵ˶ˣ㲻£
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ˮ֮еûȥȥֻͳѿ¸ˡ
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ҽˮˮ˸ɾ֮󣬰һȵ԰ͦ𣿡
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Ͳÿˣɾͱĥɰֽˡ
ҾðɣҪֲʱʱ뿴ʱ򻹿Բ㲻ܲöס䣬԰ɣ
šüڵСӾ룿סˣ졣
ҲֻûԹͷүܵʱ㲻֪ߵغ
Ҳǣ֮ǰĹӸ磬տʼʱţ˵ıһ˶Ҫ죬ΪǸϧ
ʵǰ󵨣浽ʱ϶Ҳ쵱ȣڲаĶ
ðǿ϶ġ
ģЩϵͶͳɱһֻûأƾǵĸԣҲܾôܡ
ֽ߸ϣٴקŰҪ·Ȼûٹĥɰ˵ȴѺá
һûɹô£ʰ㣬ʰ㡣
ͽ˻Ǯɡ
ҪеһΣͿˣҲʲô˵ģҲġ
кһ֪ˣ
˵һ˵Ҫ˭
Уǰɷߵĵ̣ϵеȥ㶫
֪˵İɷûǰӦö԰ıġ
еҿɸ㣬Ǹ鷳ǵľڰҸˣʱֹ𡣡
˵˵˼ҰɷʲôʲôԹҸӹȥˣ
ŭ죡ҿ̫Լ
ǰ̫ԼʦĶһҪ濿ס
УϣԼ㿴ԼһʦʦǿɱˣҲʮء
֮ǰųȥñȦ壬Ȧˣˡ


40 
дŰһ·ͣͣƣڵĿĵء
˵Ϥ
ϳ
нקһӣٷϻʵš˵š
ʵǲʵģһߣҪҴݶҲ֪вôĵؽ⣬ȻĵڣҲû˼ʩķ
о仰ô˵ţӲʲôȲΪʵ
䲻󣬼ҾҲªеļҾҲһңòס˵ӡ
䷿Լסģ̫ªЩʲôͷͷֿܣסҲСҪǧġ
ءŴ򿪡վ⣬ڳֲϰҪקߡ
ȥģ
δˣЦſ˻Ǯ
ϴôһΪԼɣǻ֯ģ
һﶼаҶһһ˵ôͲ;أ
ħﶼݲģĴ½ɺڶˡ
קųԺţ·Ҳûˣһһû˹İͣһĿҲ࣬˸˵أ棬ץ԰ôûڣҪŵɣ
һ⻰Ҳ֪ǸˣЩ˶ָ
иϵ˷䣬קŰǰ˻ĥɰֽ԰ȰȻ˵ҲٳԿͷ
ԽǰߣԽʼһҲԽĬ֪ǰķӦþҵˡв֪ΪԽԽͣߵиǰײ첲Ҫ˵ȴЫӸƵģһԶ͸۾Ҫѹɤŭʲô
⡢⣬Ӧôİ
ؿһۣǻݵ˻֫Ӵ־֢˰ɣ֪߾жԸˡ
ڨڨеǮ㲻绻ʵܻ٣Լ⻮㡣
˵ŵʱԱȴ߹һˣе˿Ҫȥӣ롣
ֿʼǰߣԼŰŰͰˣȥĶܸ
ڽǵ֮ǰĥĥͣ£ʲôҪ˵㡪ȴֱ˻ȥˡ
ҭĻţ˵˵һᡣ
Щ߰ģʵҲĻţнݣһ۾Ϳеһߡ
ʵټף鰲ʮҲûͣòõʱ⡣
룬˴кϡ΢΢ͷҲͦ𾴵ӣҲ¹ȵĸо
ǴӰһͰҪ˰ϣǵӶڰϣڿһ

Ӧһ
ߵĿܿ;׼˰ϣ䱻һƿֻͼ򵥵ǵӱ¶˳
鲻ԽǰǵҲҪˣ̰
ʧ̬Ҳֻһ˲ǿѹ˿һ˿ϸ΢ᴥֻϣ֮̽Ƥضһ¡
Ҳڴѹᡣ
ߣȷʵǺö
ûٿ
֪ǺöڰǰҪôöռΪС
һ㣬оͰﲻæˣҪҲòŴߡ
üΪܾͷҪָˣܸ϶ԥ
˼Ȼһһԣˮͣ񣬻գɱҩܷ洲רŹѶ˶ø࣬˵ĸӾЧء
ƤСͷȻĺ
תԳĬеУʥ¡
߼вߣɻʵ棿ɻ£
ڿ¶һµǸ˵Сӣ֪ˣȻﳤƤ۵ү֪˼ն񣬺ǣ֪ˡ
Ҫ뿪ģǽŲתһ㣬ǰС֮۾Ȼ裬޾޾壬ֻѰĿ⣬ʢ˾壬Ҳˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôû뿪ַԼߣߵɤӵժҰСߡ
һ㶣棬㻹᲻Сأʥ㻹᲻ٸƷСӲҲʿ
УǸͲˣֻ֮ǰСˣʰ
߹Ц㣿Сӻצӡ
üǲܸΪƽ׹ϻƽ׹϶Ҳſϰݡ
ߣĺݣУǿҲĴ֮Ҳûĸһ֮ѡ
ֵֻа취СԼ
ߺ̸֮ʣȴ˵飬ֻ˴ҴҽߺеĶԻ
ϵ߻ûǳ⣬Ѿ˵ˣˣӣѾˡ
ʱ˵߻жѾ˶ȷɳ䣬Ҳ֮ʱקߡ
ǳ֣ʽڿ֣ߵİģЩģЩӰԾȥ
Щ˵ں֮ڣԿˮƽУȻ֮ףȲϣǿģҪǳкʽ޽ɣҪ˶࣬ررࡣ
ôΧ۵ĿֻһǸ֮ҲΪۡһ£ֻһӰһڽǱ֣ͦεˣٽµˮᣬʹһȺӱ˿ȥĵһ۾ͽĿ⼯еϡ
ô˵Χȴһܽһ˱Ľɨ¡
ָоֵģֻЩ˵¶ѣֱȡⳡսѿɽ
ڰʧ֮ʣѾŭȣźˣҹҰɷߣϷվ޻ء
Ȼ˵ţûеһʱǰȥȻ˵Ĵ󣬵жȴڹ۲Ƚ˵ʵ
λ֮ˣʱתûݣ;ñ֮Ϣʼ䣬޲ߵķŻ˫Ҳ˿һƬԭ
ðһ˲뵽֣߽ѳȾ磬Բ۵ףҲŭϲˡ˳ֽɨѣֻӰ֮ʱƮȻ֮ˣðø
תһ䳬ȻҲûðоãо˾͸󣬷ǳϡ
ɷߣɷ
ѽ裬ͬһʱɨѵǿ̬ѸðһöСԵܡ
ֻǵСԵܴ޲лڰ֮ʱŷȴǼΪͨݣһۿȥ˼ǲסģȴ˫޲ȴ۾ôƣҲ֮˲ˣǹâ˲٣ק˷䡣
ûϵҪؼˣʶ˧ƮȻ
Ϊͷͷˢӣܿ˲ûбһ͵
ʹʹұ죬λȴȻ˼ͷ˿ûҡ
ֹֻУСϺ׺׾ͱɨϵĺڳֿʼקҪһȥҪӡ
ҲǷˣܻǳ᲻Ҳ̫ҪǮ˰ɡ
ԼϳҲ˱ֶεģкܴ󷨱ҲӷʱҲȫˣһʱ̷ǳͦĿռ˵ս֮¶ģǳ㡣
뿴һ°ô׹̼ۡ
ҪϵĺڳϽİɣϻӲˡ
мٵҿϣ
Ҳ⡣
У㻹˼ܾ㣿ħޣ֣С
￩һ£ħޣôħ޲˲ܲħްɣ
˼ҰǲħޣҲܸ߰Լӡ
Ӻƽ׹ţЩ򶷵βನϲ޷бನɨʱ׼ֹһΡ
һοڴЧˣڴˣ
ѳ飬ûʦңԼҲܵˣλȥʦֿ϶Ҫ߶Ϻܶ࣬Ժѳţף鰲ǣȥ϶鷳ȴ


41 
մӳİλ˻ͦмȻ˼Ҷ֪˭ȴմ˼ҵĹӳȻ֪ô
Ϊ˵ĴڵҳһƬʱʱܿӴܵˡԴ˵ز죬ӵСѣôڱԵЩԶˣҲ밲ȫֽˡ
һðӳ죬ڰһŤͷ󿴵ʱ۾ȴһԲԼ󿴵Ǹˣ˫޲۾
ǰܵİʱһᣬԵܼżƽˤˣĲȿˡ
Ǹӻͦͦ󣬰˶˽ȥ
īݵһμڴ龳֮£Ӱˮ֡
ˣͷ̧ʱӶ˵ģҲ֪Ǵ˼ϳĸӳģͦƫƧӻǰγɵģ
ôγɵģҲ̫̫˰ɣϣ·ϣͷϣȫǣûôǱʱ
ȻҲǳΣ̧ͷվڿӱߣĿһеģһ޳˾͸ˡ
ţĺīʱ򣬶ⲻֻ
ʱӵīҲḡЦ⣬ȴûκ⣬ѻñﶼκβ
ƽ̬ðλһ㣬ҲһѣڨڨشԶ˵ǸãЦȥˮϴϴ
˵ţ˲䣬뿪һȴ˲䵲ǰ档
Ҳ˵˻ɷߵ˽Բɳ˵ء
⻰ϵķҲֿ˷ԭȴǰҪڴ˵أ˴뿪
裬ñһ˲뿪İͣ£Ҳڶǰֶ࿴һۣĿܿͶ׼˰Ϸ֮ͬкߣҲ˰ŵƽ׹
ܿ찲Ʈ촦ҲԱ߳˳ƽ׹¶˳Ŀͣһ
ɷӣ
ҡͷϽϣҿɲǡ
ҲǸһġܺߣ׽ģҪлأҪȻҿɾͲˡ
۲ӵ飬ʲôҲûСĵţģġǸСͷ˵ҪóҧңҪûңпܷʲôģɻɻˡ
ãҵľˣ
ȴֻ˵˶̶һ䣺̫
ɶ˵ʲô˼㶵ؿŰӡ
ﷴӦ˺üȦ׹˵ܺߵһİɣ
Ҫ˵ҵĹأǸҪң͸ʱһˣҪһҿ϶Ҳܻˡ
߽˼Ű󣬰֣ϻҲ࣬ǸҲɱմۡ
͵͵ӣһȦ֮󣬾͸ˡҲͨвۣȴеʶˡ
ܿһСˮˢڰϣˢĸɸɾ̶ӵͷ֡
֪ڸǰİӵժ
ɸ˵ʹˣӵҲ˵һǽڷ޳ܺÿֻ֮󣬾˵ժ֮˼ҸӴˣ
㶵ؿӵָ䣬Ļʦ
ˮϵƽ׹ϣξû֮ǰƽ͵̬ˣϷӦҪֹ
ֹɹīݶһ£ҪᣬǰͻȻͱжˣ赲˼Ĵˣֻצīͣ˶
ʵҲֻͣôһ£ûгֹΪһ˲ͷԼˣŵǸƽ׹عأȻ˵Ļ
ˣסİ
ûˣ
öСɵƽ׹Ҳӵʱ£ǳûˡ
ֻӶһĶֽĿ˰ϣȻٴ˰֮ϣأȫҲǵɾطˡ
ƽ׹ߣȫд󽵣°żһ¾ᵽߡվǰָ£ֻսľ
һֱϢʼ룬ܰԵǿƣϢҪȴڲκ˻һ˿Ϣ͸¶ľǼΪǿʵðǿߣǰǿǰ۵ѹͲ
̽ʱ򣬻ǹͬԴҲǰСԵʣδʲôʡʵϢʱǺܲģ˿̡
˿Ϣһǿ֮ڰѸߣӺܿ콫ڰϵջأħޡƶ
ǡ֮ǰ˵ĶģĺǸСͷһġ
߰㲻ߣȰҷſ
ᱻ޳˵ģ䵽
㻹ҵӣ㲻ߡ
òƾҪԭأˡ
ûߣӰˣԵνžŴ½ʦųҲڴˣ
ԭžŴ½Ҷ֪ǽ˼ҵˣܵжӪȥˡ
͸ղŸ˵ģҲǱץģðɣ˵ȷʵħޣҾһСӣһֱʵʵڼУҲû
ڹʱ򣬱һߵץˣ˴һ°ôԶض֪Ҫôء
ҪΪ̫ˣҲˣﶼġ
˵ţչֳľһδС󣬺޹޺ǿϧһ޺Сܷӳٷ֮١
ֻظһ飺ʦų
ǲǸߵİ͵ġ
ӵտ޲ȴҲһ͸ϬĿע£;Լ񷸴סһ
ٻرӵ⣬ҽбĴ½Ǳңδʦţһֱżг
ѱܵݸԼϡ
˭֪֮ȴֱӵѡ
Ϊǳ޹ħ淽ڵϵϰ
𴩣һ㶣ַԼܶˣ˵ҲתҪ뿪
Ҫ뿪Ϊð֪ħǱߵһͷͷǷˣϿ
̽СŽŲһ
ϣ
˪Ȼһͽ˰ǵ΢ϣǰıӰˡ
ʵʵȥȻְӲ߰ɷǱߵķ򣬰ʵ㲻ȥǸɷ￴ţ
ӣ˽ִ
Ŷȥģ
ΰȴˡ
Ĩһһֻϵ࣬·һϵͣ·Ҳͬ⣬ͶҪˣҪʵˡ
ܵԱߣȻɲٸŪˮŪɾһ£
ԼڻֻŪСˮǱˣǲ֪ӿϲϰæ
϶һһ࣬¶峺۾Щ͵ӳԵÿ⣬ˤӵСһëߴ˸ĽᣬǱҲͳһš
īݵûжϧԼҲǾôһ̫аհЩҲӦ˰˵
ܿ찲ϵ๸̵ͷ˿ĸɸɾ˿ð
ֱˬˣܶò԰ӵлллС´ݰףһС񣬷ǳϲ
īû˵ֻǼǰ߶ѡ
ǰ˳ԼʪӣȴǵôСĵҪٰŪɣ
ȻɾǱɾˣһʪģٸɾ͸ˡ
īݾͲˡ
аȣ˼һĴУôôƽ׽ˣ˵ɶ͸ɶ
Լһš·ͷϵˮһ߹һСǰߵˡ
һβײˣæ˵˶ԲҲһ㶼ûֻǵ˰һۣͼǰС
ӸտʼûмҲ벻ʲô˱ϢȴҲ˾Ƣܺá
ͷϵˮšĲˣרĸ·λӲУʲô
㿴߸ְǲǺ
ʲôŵİ
һ㣬ǽ͵𣿡

Ȼ˲٣ǰȻûҲһ䶼ûĮܡ
ҶûԷˡ
ܲҸضԷ˵ŶѾ๾ˡʮСǳԵĶ೤ĿͣȻ֮ܿһЩǶҲĶˡ
ԼĶӣŴζ
۰Ͱ͵ؿӣ֮飬ܱ֮ٹ˲֪ζܿˡ
֮ǰǶҳԷһٲԶĻţҶ죬ߣ˶ûˣһأǲһŰҵİɣ
ٲԣҪˡ
˵߿Ա˵ɫ˵ٿ⣬˶ʯĳΪ
˵˵ţ˵ϣˣˡ
ǰ˷ӦͷɵӴ˵ȴһ£ܶûˡ
ҶЪһЪߡȻŶվվһ˲ǰҪðˣνͷۻˡ
䵽ɵҲһǰ;δųѣ˵ǻѨ
վתؼ֮ǰ·һȴ˹ջ
ʲôǺ˰Ӧ˵ʲô֮󣬰۾˲£СŸȥ


42 
ڿջʱ򣬰Ȱһ˽ȥڿӶȥ
ûϸˣСŵƲ˾һӣҪ졣
īڰĶ棬˶˶ΪĶ棬Ȳ˵ȵļΪǵİҿűϵĲˣӶҪˣʳָȥ
ô˻
īȻİȣƤֳĶΧӣȫһ硣
ѵؽߴӱ˵ķϰλԽԽ
ĿīϣȻ˺һ˿ƽݣ㲻棬Ҳ֪ǲǺܶ඼
̫󣬲ΪţҲͦû
ܿ찲ҲͲˣΪСܿȶ˹ԵģĻ˼ıģѾץӵˣһĿҲ䵽˲˵档
˺üڣйҲкһ¶ˣҲ԰
˻á
˼˼кһ˵˲֮ҲͲټˣǲýʳҲԣС
СӦ˵һӵĲˣǳ֮ʵڡ
Ҫ˵ζʮͷҲˣܳϵĲ˱ƽԵģҪԶĶĶࡣڰҲζֻҪӣֶ˵ļоС
һͣ¿ӣֱϵĲ˱һ˸ɨ˴룬θķҪɤˣŲؽӷ¡̧ۿһֱŵӵ治Ե㣿
Ȼõīݵһҡͷ˼治ԡ
į̄ȥ䣬ȥż̵ĶԻиˣǽס
īһ
һϢܸ·˯һֱӿ˯ģϴ裬Ҳ뻻Ͱ͵·
ϣӺʯиѹˣԥһ룬̧ͷ԰¶һŵСֺõЦ㿴ҵ·ܲСȥ滻İ
īݵڰ·ɨһ£һԵС˵ͷ
侢ʱ˻ͦ˵ģ۾һ䣬ֶ˷ź˿ˣ
ָ¥Ϸߣȵ˷ſڵʱ򣬰Ҫһ˵Ҫһ𣿲ܣ
Ǳ˴žߵħޣҪһ俴ŵôģ
ƿһ룬ûпƽܲ
򵥵ƽ֣ȴ˼ǿţ˭˼ʵȷʵܸأðĥ
ϴ裬·Ĵ˯һСҹɫŨʱ򣬰ķĿˡ
ߵļᣬţˣһƿǸ˵ķţֻǸŵûǰȻһ̧ͷʹˡ
վֱһЦǰ˵ҳԳˣȥʳҪҪһ𣿡
˵ĳ֣ʵҲô⡣
־ܲһµȻǲĵġ
ڰǰīݲһ£۾ԲȥȦʳ
̽ߣûٵ˳¥ڿջԺתȦȦҹڷʱɾҺŸˣɣɫ·ŨҹɫҲۣŲܰתã˼վﶼһ㲻۵ġ
˵ԳʳҲȫǼٻɸĻܰīںһҹ֮󣬾ֻ˷䡣
ţԲģҹ̽ͷ̽ԵسֻǺܿͶ˸ڴ򿪵ķţаɣ³ˡ
صҾҹȥéޡ
ȥé֮󣬰ʵʵط֮Ҳ˯̤ʵˣ̤ʵڶ϶ûīݽķ
ѵİ;ͷۣűӲҲֵˣܣ
īҲ˵Ĳ㲡ˡ
⼸ձʲ٣ȥҲţҲˡ
͵īݣصͣһգ
ܲҲӣϵľЩҲһЩ
һӱ˦Ĵ½Ҳ֪ʦʲôʱҵ
ڰǰīݣͷ̺İûɴ˵С꣬ʱˣںڵˮڱ˶ʧ˻ǹɻ
İСſſĻ֮Ĭһ£̶ջ¡
ԾǾܾ˰ڿջ뷨۾ˣŶһӴ
īתȥߵǰЪ£첲֧ϳԴԴۡĴ࣬һ˶֫û
ԼţԼˡ
īֻˣͷȥף󻹸һˡ
ȴԭҽʦ쿴˰һۣҲǣֲ׼֮ˣʹǽҲø԰ӵлˣ
λҽʦҩӣ뿪ջ˻ܸҽʦľٶֿʼ˵˷Լһܳأ
Ҫȥ
ɱ𣿡
Ҳһûгҽʮꡣ
аʮšʮϵزڴȲһȥϹġ
СԽ˵Խ񻰣īڳĻȥʦܣš

֮һҪʦˡ
һī죬һ˾ͰЩȫ𣿡
ûӵĻش𣬰Ѿ԰ƨȥѽ
أ
Ҳһ
ô˵ǲǺħޣ
ʦǲҲħޣ᲻ŰңҾûǸЩ
ʦܣʦŰ
ĸɰ

죬һ¹ϵ˲ϣͱһ˵
ڰǰ˵˻ȴǣ㡣
ŭ⣬ȻƽˮȻı飬ȴҲӦûǸ޲ƽӡ
˲ŭˡ
ͶȶܸߣΪһС¾ͷ𡣰˼Ϊ֪ǰԵ޼ɵЩ
˷֮󣬰Ҳ˰ˡ
ֻݰûܱ̫ãǰ׷
ī۾ͣȻС˵ǹҪ㡣
ҾҵǸҽʦӹҽ
̲סˡ
˵꣬Ż˳
µǱ˵վԶ㡣
һ¾ͽ֭³ˡ
ǰһֻ̧ͷһֻﻹˮվԱߣû¶
жؽӹӹˮ˹Ȼǰ˰ȣܲġ
죬˿ڣˮֻ˵ӣʰӣҽˣ
ܲѧӾ˵ϴϴٻɣ滹ͦģϴɾˣҲ˸߽İ˿ɲ
ã˵ż⻷ڰֹһˡ
īݵ˵ͷ
Ȼͻü·۲ҪŻɣ
īݣڲأ£ٻء
ҲԷһ¹ȥ²ҾҪҪˡ
īݣǳǽʿС
ˣҲߣ߲ˡ
Ҫң
īݣ

˽
˭Эˣţڰ֮󣬴ǳΧһլĵϣһӱһꡣ
ʿ˵һ˾Сһѣһ㶼ţֻǰûɹ£ֱޱ϶Գһ˿Ӳ
Ҳ˱˱ĺܲҲҪ̫ˣοīţͽҵһͳɡ
͵Լڱһ
ɺǸˣʲôī΢üرǾߵ˵类˴һº󲱾Ĵèëը
īݣ
ī֮ǰĲӶһ±࣬ԽԽ죬²ڵϷɰɣ
īݺͰǳǳǽǴլϵʱ򣬰ʦҲȷ˰ĵطֻǵɷߵʱȴȻûҵҪҵˡʱīҲڵǴլ⣬Ǵլģͦ֡
īһӱ㱻ӭ˹ȥӴǵ˻ͦ飬лǰڴס£ռҸ٣֮ҲҪգ⼸ཾһ۵񲻿գ
λӻֿȻţţīһʱ˵İЦλСֵֵܿĵӣ
īݣǡ
λһ£ǣ
浣ĿͲ˵ѵīݰ滰˵˵ħ޽æӡ
īݣ
īݻͷ򵨴ıϵǸСڴ˵Щ˵ãŲʲôõ
īݼǵС˵аʮϵزڴ
īݽӱϷ
ֳסīӱߵһ㣬Ҫ򡣡
վҪվˣͷۣܣ


43 
С޾ɣһݣȰȵģͰͣʵأое˵˵һһײīݵĶ
īﵣֳƺһ˵ĹС
ī񾯸˵˵СӣӵСȴûӣ۾ڸʹֺڲ𴩻ԡ
СӲˣддֻɿ룬Ͼ͹ӴīݵҹӵĻīݺͰĽ֡
īݲ𴩵Ļûܼʱ˵˵ȻĬСīݵĶˡ
СӻߵĶǵԺӾǰ档
īݣˣĻöһһŲȥ
߲

Ĭһᣬīλӵע£תȥڱϣһһǰߡ
ڶαҲûбȵһξɣīݽ춼ڶüˣɻôͷչ
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СתͷλСħ޾˯ˣˣ
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С˯ŵʱ˫峺ֻ˿ͷ۵۾ڰˣŨܵ۽СӴԹԵġȻʵһ㶼ԣֻҪһڵģΪѡ
˯С꣬͸촽ҲԸѣǰСƵ۽Ҳżһ£΢壬ί
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ŶŶҩŶλǱµĽ𴲵ķʽء
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ЩżˣǼŪҩѳԣҪôҩӣҪô̵ġ
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ˣ˵Żʱ򣬱ĺܺÿСͳһţüŪǣСƵģͦ
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Ҳֻ˼һ£˭˾Ųߣͺϸ鷳
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۾ɴ󣺡ģīݾһ£һѣҼһ
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С굣ĵӣ˵һ䣬ĶЧԣ϶ķ
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ǳǾӪ˲ǳǸкŵˡҼųܲСͦϵΣ˿ƾͦһ㣬һһ̸Ц硣
īͻ˺һ飬īݱͦǰ棬ԱߣīС˵Ƕʶ㣿
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ҲûϺܾãһյλӾ͹ˣʰĲţСӿɺˣ
ԣˣ󸮵Ĵҽܲȫˡ
ЦǾͺã־ͲõˡڸգǸҲмλСӡ
һ״ÿҵ˼˵ŵʱҲīݣǳϵĹԶӡ
.
Ӱɷ߳׷˰סĿջѰѰլӡ
լ⣬ûвμӣҲֻСһѣϢլԺûоκˡ
ϯڷУؾʹϤʱѹ˺ü飬ٿȻһɡ
Сδӣüۼ䶼
ٴöǶ΢ÿҵ˼̵һں󱳾֮ͣסˣıۿɼ̡
Ѹҵǵ֮ȷʵǼ꣬˺ãɸղò˸ӡ
ٿС֮ˣ˲˵һ¡
αװҲϳˡ
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Сʲôأ
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þöûôŭˣ
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˵ڻﻤסһ¾֪˭˲üЦˣʦ𣡡


44 
СǸ˵ڶðͷŭѹһ£ջӦ꣬һһе
ڰС߲ŵʱҲûǶһ˵ĳֹ
ī밲ȴ簲֮ǰǰɾͿԽܡ
īݽסڰȻһҪٽء
ҵˣЦīϵı֮ɫͬ
˵īƽվǱܾôʱϢء
簲īֶǿֵĹУ涼Ǻܴ̼𺳵ģοʱŭǰˣ͸Ӻˡ
ıͺܶ࣬ǵȻҲ־ŭͷ˴֮˵ʵǲǲƾ˶ľ飬һʱ׷˿ԶȻŸͣĦ
ţȷʵѵһĳ֮Ĵˣĳַ˵ķǳֵ
޿īݺħ֮Ľ氥뿴̸ܵҫһġ
Ȼڳ˴ʱ֪˭ֻۣǱƷ罻֯Ӱã̾Ϊֹʵһס
ʹףҲһ£Ǿ˾Ϊֹǿǳﻹûгֹ֡
ڼ̵ʱ䣬īѾ˺üأӵϴ򵽿Уִӿд򵽵ϣϵ֮ѾһãѸٵʽײ֮ÿÿмΪֲʿĵطվܡ
ţȴҲûܸܵеĿֲҲסĲߣûܺúÿ
Ҳͬڸ̾̾һ¡λо
ǱߵĴͷͷЩĿȾ˶԰̬ȣҲ֪ټ紦ǿеǿߣλ˵һС֮С
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īݺͰûһֱȥһ֮󣬱˴˿һ룬ûܳɹصīݣ򱳶СĺףȴǶŰ˵ģʲôϵĵӣ
Цīݣʲôϵ
һ˿ĹϵҲûУȥûܡ
ҵˣǺú㡣
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ʱס˰䣬ʦ°ҹ˲ǻȥϸ˵ؼˡ
סİɬ˽֯ҵٵ˵ʼվûƽ
˱⣬ɬ˵ȥ˵ؼң
Ͼ˳СĻ˵ˣãǻؼҡ
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Űûͣ٣ֱӴ˻Ĵ½صţʵӣ
͵ͷ
һͱҵëë󹷸ϣԺӵ˶ϲ
ʧٵϢȻû⴫ź֪⼸ӵķΧǰδеѹ֣СӵĻԺ䶼˲˹˶ϲЦտ
ԼϤĿϣܿдҲ̽壬ֺܿһһĲ˱˹
˶Χתܿģôɻؼҵĸо
ϳԲˣܺóԣǼķ˺óԡ
ҲԱߣԱ߳Բ˳ԵС꣬Сʧ֮һֱҲھ
߳Ա밲˵һ·ϵ£ûκһ˵̲סѹ
λлɷڰﶼǧУҵˣǸĿ϶Ҫ㡣
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̲סһֱͺ⣬
˵仰ʱ򣬰µֶϵıϸҲܲȻ
ڸտʼʱޱȵĵĳɺϳ֮˵Ļ̬ӦǲǣǷݽȻûз¡
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ŵŰĴ𰸷
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ȷ£鶼˲٣صռˡ
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ʦҼӸղ˵
ǣǣǣá
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Ŀ̫˼ʵ˳ħޣȻǲԵģ֪ҾԲվһߡ
˵һ㣬ǸʵҲС
ŰĻϵЦΣյЦԽˣԽζ
ң²òͷҹкġ˵ţ;˹ٳ˴ȻҲܳưˣֻðµ޴ƺˡ
߳Ա˵棬ʹиᷳˣҲҪ֪⼸ĵΡ
˵Ǽһֱŵ꣬ˣˣüҲ
ȫţж䣬оīݶ԰õʱ򣬱Ǹαӣ۸С
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ȻͽŸϸ˽ôһ£ʲôһȤֻ֪ʲôɱ˲գۣѹͲб˵׵˴µĵȵȡ
֮ѹͲöͶκθ飬ΪûģʬҲ٣˵һֿˣ类˳ĿĿˡ
㿴ʵպǰɣǰɣʵǸʬĿӣòųǡ
˵˵Ķԣ˻壬ӵħޣ˿
ڽƻ˵ӡ󡪡
ӣһֻ֪عĿˡ
ʵߣҲֻˣʦʵ
ӡ󻹲һ˿˿СмûģµʱҲûб⣬˭һΪ׼Ҳ˷Ѹ顣
ʦ˵ЩЩˣЩûţ˱Ǳ㣬Ҳ˵ǿ˰ɡ̰ǿ̰ЩҲᡣ
ħޣħҲһʦﻰıܸͣоġ
Ҳûھ͸ʰʦʶλµ𣿡
΢Цŵʶĵ޺ܺϣ
˵ĸһ֪˭Ǿ͸ˡ
Ұ⣬Ժ󲻿˼ˡ
ŵİѾ˺ܾǰйִ㡣
ܾǶأõʮǰܿѪȤζѪ֮ʱҲõ֮Ժ󣬺ף׽Դڶ˼˵֮ʱ
Щ˼ҲֻԼ˼ѣûκ֪ҲԶ֪УһֱǸܺõĺʦǰǣԺҲǡ


45 
ʦôҵҵİ˵ǵĵطˣһʦҲ
ɫᣬҲһֳĸоһֱңһֱҾҵˡ
ҵˣǼ˲ٿ࣬´β˵滹˿
θֹȫķ׼ѹͲ֮ǰ˼ǲܡ
ڷϵ²һ£ЦеصҲԿ࣬ѽҵͺãÿŶİҲĵ׽һЩ
üС꣬Ҳ˻˶ʧʱͻȻϮֳѹ֣ðʶһ£Ǿһ㶼ϣСʧʮˣ͸һֱŵˡ
뷨Ѿǹ֮ǰѪƴ㡣
ҵµĸȤ£ȻѾʮ꣬ȥ
վڶˣȨʵһȱˣһеףѺȤĶҲѭԼ⣬һҲѹԼīֵȫˡ
Ȼ˵īûģʵҲһֲΪѭģ˭֪ʲôʱֱأγһ
Ȳ˵ôԶԼСԺҲ߸ԺҲǺʦ˵֮ǰЩûʵʩȷʵڹͷ˸顣
ӣụ́ԼĵӣףĶһ뻹˿˷ܣĿҲ͡
ʦ𣬴ʦ֪֪ҵ£˵⻰ʱ򣬴ӷС̧ۣҲֵġ
ŴʦֲڣһˣȻ˵ҲͨͬŵģһȥͰԼŪˣף˵
֪ʦֹϵãһֱףϵǳЦû䣬ˣʦ㣬ס
ʦһ£Ҫȥң⼸Ҳ֪ʲô
۲İȷ֮󣬶ڰеλʤһף飬ˣɲֳ
֪ڰС꣬ףѾռλãҾЩ꣬ҲףڰϵϸĹ˿ɱȣ԰ףҪ׽ǺѺһ¡
īݲȡĴʩһδڰǰ˵ףĻһ˵ףΪżġ
ůȻе㵣ףҪǣȥҴʦ֣˵һˡ˵žͷ˿ӣҲԱˡ
ȴðԼҹȥ߲Ÿշ¿һӰʹҴҹˡ
漱ɫңһ㶼ûյŴ֮磬һ˫۾ܼеѰʲô˲ͶһϣС꣬ʱ˲Ŵ鵽֫ԶȻӽɳڡ
ף¶һЦݣǶֳ˰˿Ž׵ݣҲǻ˷ܣʦ֣
ﺰž˳˹ȥǸˣҲ¶һЦݣųСſ˫ۣСʱһֻڲСʱһ˱ˣСıϣǿ̤ʵˡ
Сˣ
Ųûܵ˺õػˡ
ţףͰһƬܰţĽ˼۲ҪԼŵһλĳˣվԱЦοοǼοǸ⡣
ǾðףӣɱȼʱҪһ¾Ͱһĳˣ۾ˡ
ףڶû
ף鲢û۵ĵġһ˾ͰԼŪˡ
ƽİףֻиˣγֲΪֳ̰µģǼҵĺҲ£βǰĴԼ˻ֻжСĹУˣ
˲𣿡ȻСűЦźˣǳоŲûﲻףף黹ʵ
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ףϸϸ۲֮ǵóۣɫ԰ЩҲˣ·Ҳġ
Ϊ˺úõģҲͲñϲǣף˵꣬⼸ûгԺãҲû˯ã˵Сá
ףû˲ãѾúܺˣС˵ûԺãû˯ãˣˣ֪⼸ܹĺã֪˶پš
ף۵صڻˣʦ֣ţʦǶڡףڿһ΢Ц˵ʦ
ҲȻûжֳȥע֪һ·ôģôͳԲ˯ˣ˭۸ˣ
Ҳٽһ飬ʱֽһˣ̤ԺܻûˣѾµˣأ
ףԱߵİаֳһõЦСӣڻˡ
ҿ
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ףͰͬʱǳܣ/϶
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ˡ
֮ӣҲ˽֪˵ʱ˺£ԭǵС±˸ˣǾ͹ֲء
ڰ֮󣬺úøһʦʦǵĹذǽǸһǿģǸ˵ǰܵľŻܵί
ףַܻȥžŴ½ȻкɷѾī֮˸ץˣɭϵҲסǣ˼ҵĿ꣬һʰŷйŭ
ڹ˼ҵɭϵ԰ڱ˵Ƥӵ½˵ĥֻʣһݺݴ˵޵ţףܶ⣬оͦõġ
ɴЩֱӽϻǵĵ̣ɾûôףҽ޵ʦǲҪҩⲻɾ
ЩǶûж԰˵˵ˣҲֹġ
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Ҳ죬µһ֢ǽ꣬ûԼٳţȥһµͷףȥУʦܰͷϵ´꣬ʱȥ
ףҲܶͬȥÿҪȥҪһ
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ĵӣȻԼûݣδһѡ֮ҲûκιϵɸϽҲϽܱܲͬǲ̫ࡣ
رϴգҪԼʵ츳ͲãܶﻹгɳĿռ䣿
ڰǰٴ˵Լȥ£ЩУβỹôù
ʦҲһֱţԺҶҪؾܾܲһ˻ȥɣ
ĵӣţ˶ҪЦҵġ
ƢظǼҲ˵𲻸ˣǾ㣬ֻǱǴεŵˣԵġ
ʦѾ˽취ʦʣ˹ܱ꣬ڵͬһء
ˣʵȥˣʦȻҲͷȥˡ
˵ҪѰ浱ӣǾҪúýˣǰҲкúỵ́ȵڣƹ
ʵʲϱˣħޣʺϵǱߵ·Ӷѡ
ڰҲҪðħת޵ǰһϵ֮ǰŬһʺģǿִĹ
ǰͷȻʱ䣬޸ݣóĹ
Ժٶٲޣȱ˶졣
˵Ҫʦ𣬾һõʦ
кĵͲ˵ˣΪһǿʦʲô鵱Ȼ׾٣
ȣ¹
ţڵĸʺ㡣˵Ƶᡣ
ֻȰˣȻܷ⹦ľʱȻΪȻٶȿϲҲӱʦ


46 
һ꣬ûҪȥˣµĹˮŬټĹڵٶǰʮֹ
ĸоϲԣûԵãŬ
ܶðٶȷǳԣܸˡ
Ժ󹻸ҵĶ֡
ʱǷſֽţһ
Ҫǻţҿɲԭص㡣
һ֮԰˵СֽܵţܷſĻţʹ졣
ž͵ˣЦĿɲãҲ
ȻˣܺߣһѰͷëûСӵĴʦ𾭳ָ㻹㣬µĹ
ܺͰȻʦͽҲһֱŽܳڲǻԶô˼ִƵĹҲȣСֱϴܵΪ֪ˣϻϣ
ϴû£˭Сϵ˽أţԣڰϵ˽ӵѾʵˡ
ٶȷǣҲʹ￪ʼı仯رŰĳһֿʼӿ˼
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ܳ裬ʵ͹δ֮λԺѡȻڴºͶ֮䣬СֻǱ£Ķ
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ףĬû˵ֻҳȴþûпȥ
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ԭСؾ㲻ΣգΣҲЩȥ㲻Σգ׼Ҳܳ㣬Ҳ˵׼ģ׼ġ
˳һԭСؾĵͼͽܣ˵㿴иУʲôΣյĵضú档
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ЩָŵǸ׼Щϴξ©ȱڰĸ治ǷģģλĶУǲ֣⿿ЩҲؾ߳
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ֻǽյףе΢ЦҲͣϣȴżлȻ
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ϸ׼ȫȱʲôףͷǾͺãȫ
صͷСؾҲЩԵĶ˵ʿ淢˵ġ˵ţ۾ҲģҿûʦõõĶʦŪ
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ΪͿһֱĵسȥȥ


47 
ţһϵ߳ǵĳӥһ㿪ʼ̽ʼչ᰿衣
ؾоգҲоϲϲͬÿһ춼Ĳһ
һֻµľϳسϵһεѪµء
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С˱ȦҲ类ֵ飬ʼͷų財
£ƱƵˣڶԽ׳󻯾˰ɣλƤԺڵͬ˿԰
ڷܣٶȻ죬ʵͬѧҲ˳ңǰʱ򻹻˲ð䲻ϵӵݣֲ֮ѾѽΪͷˡ
ҲСµӣɳĺܿ졣
ʱջؽ¶һЦ⣬ԸͬؾռƱƤڵ壬עΧ
ǡλ׷жһȺ˶ɾʮ㡣

һߣ¶ûлʱ˵˵Ҳ̣⻹һ뿪ôáһӣܾ˲ϰߡ
ܶ˵ʲôСӻֳʲô°ɣ
ޣѻ죬С϶ѵĸƵģܳʲô£
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ܿʿʼĦ̰ʦضԶԺͽΪԽԽߣĽѧȻ˿󣬵á
ףϰǱȥʱӵѹͲڣ΢üа˰ɣ
⻰˵ͦûͷûβӡȴܶ˵ʲôȻӵôû
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һγԶϸ׵ĲӦҲǳ
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ǰ⵽زǴգǻҵȡʯԭСؾеҪ֮
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ڷһŵҩ֮͸оջʹڸϣϸϸһ̲֮ס̾µҩãһΪεûȥúһΣѲģû뵽ĻԶԶﲻЧ
ֻ΢΢һЦʦ׼ĶȷʵǺܺõĶʦ϶һֱܴ󷽡
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ʮǰȻ˸СӣҶ֪ٺλСӵϢҲʱ˵ĶλСܳ衪
ΪרĵطãΪѰҽ⻹Сˣֻճ˶ѣΪСרŪ˸ߵĵطһ뷨ĽߵСµۣɴ˴һأ޳ޣֱרŽѧãӸѡʦ
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ף֪Ϣʱ۾͸˽ɫʣɹȻȱ˶Ҫɫһȴתɸӡ
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ֻΣף°⻰ʻ˶ûҶ˵Ȼû˵ǵӶ³̣´ûߴΪµȷ
ǴԻ˵ĹߣӿʼǱöѣһֱܶĿǰȻڵ·ˣòˣˣȻýľҪ
.
ջİһУ˸緢ԽԽȲŻȥҫ˲ģҲҪȥͬҫһ¡
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˵ŵʱ۾ųԼʯأҲ۴Ц
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.
ԭСؾջ˷ḻĿԻʯҪÿ˱ʵвСǰֻԼѣǾʵսϴ
бͲܶű쳵͵óȥʶྭ꣬ԭСؾ֮˵ڶΣΣ
һδл֮ܽᣬգԼָУһַɿٶȳɳǿţ˿Ŷ˲١
۵Сˣһֽ֮䣬ȻδȫȥɬѾʼչֳ˵ĳǳҫۡ
ףǸɫͲϣµ̽顣
ϵǸɫͲһǰĵһʯҪף鰲ǵƷʣ벻̫ܲ಻ǣԼʹʱĵһʯͨʿһǮˣҲֻЩСǱʯȫˡ
꾪ľƳɵıͲŴ󷽣ףյ֮󣬾һֱˡ
£СµͬСȥң棬ףǴƽɹƽ㡣
ף飺ңʲôطף䣬ű㲻Ǻõط
ףԱߵ˵ԭǽŽ֣ϸֵĶУֻ벻ûûеģʮʮҹģңĺܣͽгңˡ
ף鲻ĸͬߥ޵ȥ
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аãλǴµ͵͵ءšһ


48 
˵Ӧʵ£Ҫȥְţȴֱףס˺ܶࡣ
ңϵ챦иϡŹϵ˻̨һ濴һԡ
λ˵Ķģ廨ţʫֶ˶£еףʺʿӵȵȣҲħһħ޳ȥ˽ϦϦ
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ʽԵģζǧٹ֣ζϣҲУǵöûз
λһ£ָֻܿӢҵɣҲԣԻӣϣֱң־Ͳˡ
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Ҫλ˵þɫȥλС²ϣģϸһ˼׵ò˥Ǻá
λµĻףɫȴԽԽÿ
ʦ
ƴӣ
ҪҪ
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ףµУС
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.
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Ͳֻ֮ʱǺͬƴΪء
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ף˵ˣڵĺܣתһȦû˵꣬Ҫһ衣
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ͷëëͷëëҲף͵أסĵطеһһΣСһУ̫ףĺۼ
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ͷԣڰ϶£ܲ԰ôˣ˵Ŵֻ˰Ķϡ
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˵꣬ܲڼˣƸڰͷϣһѣվҪڵתȦȦû˵Щʲô̭СŪ߯þǴ˸˵Ļ


49 
ǸڵҪըӿһ㣬ȴԲŹ׷ȷϵģ
ܲС˵㾫񣬻ǿεġ
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棬ɱȻԺɱҵĶ֡
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ȥҪ
ͻȻ˸ôһ£һ˸˦ȥ첲֣ջǱ˦ΪŪŪ־󣬿ɰͦˣžҪڵϡ
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.
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ֻ֪主ȴҲǽ֪ˣλС£СͱΪӣΪϿصС£
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ǻǮһʱˬ֮󣬿ԼСԽԽգҲǳۡ
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һһۻҵĶȴײһضţϧӡ
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š
ʼʱ֪ף鲻ô򵥵һˣһСȻܣôϸչˣΪϲӡ
ոһգ긴һУˣǵõֻ˻ǷʳˣǷˣǷˤˡ
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Ӽƽף飬ղɬڼͷӣһ±
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ʲô


50 
գԼǳûϢֶˡ֮ǰˣҪӴݣҪ졣
Ĩ˰ӣͷĸͣûޡ˿ǻȴβס
ʦЩϲңءؼװۡ
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ף˴ǷΪõģûõģúܳģò˵·˵ġ
ӣӲԥ
ڰԥˣΪˣֶΣѾδйѶϡΪƵԺҲ뵽õġ
ܽ˸ɾ仮ΪõģûõУһ⡣
һһ˿⺢ӣڷԼ̫֮ʱԼġ
һӽһǿ϶ģûвϲӣһ˿ϲﻹڵΪѣѶϣ
ͷģŪܣףˡ
̧ۣ۽ϻմϸˮʪģһ飬ûңῴʵÿζңǰ⡣
˵滰
ƭҡ
ҺãҼǵã˵滰Ҳᰴ涼˵̰治ԣߺսľԶԶºͶ¡
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뿪ȴ롣
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ûͷãҵĵӣȫôôʲôʲô

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˵ף£СӼ˵ԼܽʵҲȷʵףòֵġ
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ֻǸ˵һ£ðȻˣȻҪȥʶħӣҶأȻҲҪμӡ
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ҪžŴ½ǱˣѾ̽鵽ˣһλߣĹһ£Ҳԣ̫ˣ˲롣
¶֮װֱĥһΣڴӦǰ½ȥʶһߵľ档
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ףܻ̲סЩ΢䣬ȥμӱԣҲʶ೤ףĪЩ顣
ף˵ҪʲôҪʲôֱӸ˵û˵ǣԲ֮λҲΪף鰲ģҿõĽ̰̰֮ˡȴΪף浱ݰ
ΪףĽԼʵ£֪ԼӵеʵԶ֮ˡ
ΪףҲһвġ
תףȴȻסúñ֣øЩΣף
ֱǳĺѾڷнûлعֱܸһ£ʲôأ
ţܣʦ֡
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ܣ˼ǵúúñ֣Щƣҵʦܣһȥˣɲܲҳ


51 
ǳһһҹҴ󴬲ŵ˱ضۿȥЩǹ⴩ŷǺܲһĺ档
ΪӵˣҪͽӴǵ˺ѣ½ҲҪк
Ϊܻ᲻ͷûУǳô£ǵð࿴˺üۡ
⣬ȻҲЩ˶к䣬˵ЩΪڴıϵıֵȵȡ
Լû˵ʲôܾѾȻȻʦҲ󣬵ˮƽȴѲǶ˼ʮĵӲ
ĿԴʱ͵ſλķˡ
ȱܸߵһֵҲ⣬Ҳ͵
ǰʱߵˣߣи½ĳߵĿ£Ҳ޲ʣ΢ЦŶǰ˵ͷ
ȻڵǱ߿ţûǫ鼸䣬ԵðЩ͸Ǹʦһ
ħ绥˳ѾãڼǰǽսƵƵҲ⼸ûٷսСĦʱз
εıԣߵ˶žҪѹԷһͷġ
.
ǻصס֮һûŵִ˿˿ľð˺Ц
ܻЩûһܴùҵģ㲻õġ
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Ц˵һΪϲҽǡһ֮󣬰û˵ʱ򣬲˵ʲôͽʲô
ʲôԣˣֿܽʼ˽Щ˶˭˭óĶʲôʲô˵Щǵ¼ðĽζ
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ϵ޺͹޲࣬ǵһμǵȻࡣ
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ţ˵ģŹֵġ
ⲻԼҵϣŰһ˳ȥܻ治ģҪš
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ҲûиҲϰˣף黹ǰǣֻҪǳȥ඼ͬķɣͬʦŵģҲӽܼӵ·
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ᣬΪԽ̳ĵӣ˭ҲСҲ˷ǳĵӣϾǲ䡣
񣬸򣬸֣Сִк
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ЦŵλڵӣҲܿãʱǱ˵ڴСֵд裬͵żպˡ
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ڵʱֵ²ھʵ˵֮ǰЩǵɴûȤҲǻȥܻ֮ʵشãԲһ㡣
̨ܿϵİ֮ʿòãܾñڳʿҪÿǹźͳţҲڳʿҪۡ
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һ죬ѡֻʣʮˣٴʤǰλȵĳɼѾܲˡһܾϲЦտ˰ļһ£Сӣ
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52 
챻öȻҲҲáɽһ»ħԼУ͸Ӷˡ
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ڰ֮ǰʵиתⶾʱͷȥԼðתⶾ¸˵ˣԿοǱĶʦ֣˵ģһиʧأοǰδĶľ綾֮ǰתⶾûأ
ڸ˵İû£ҪѴͷǰҲûҪ˼ûɲΪˡ
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īݣڲ̽λħ޵ı֮Ҳһ𡣡
ī˵ţüİϡССɣīȻӡϾʱССɴţýСħ޵ͷʱûܳɣѵõīһ˿ź
СѾˣīȴһ۾ϳ
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Ҳ֪֮£ħǱֶ˭īȾ£ھĸ͸
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ܵõĿڹҲͽˣ仰˵ҲǽҲáҲӴҵУ˽վڣʱȻԲ
ħԼҪң
ǰһ̱ڵǱĸ򣬡˵ȻҲ٣һҲܲ
ıٴκĵƣ游Ǹ֣ǲҡ
ī㾹ȻվħޣҲˮڵˣ游ܿҪ
϶ͷðصˡˣǾôɱֲݵġ
īݿŸڹڣڱ͵Ϯ¶ĨǸڴˣҲȲ㡣
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.
ʱ򣬸游λ뷲ĸַ糾ͼٶһ߱㽣š
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˵֮󣬲ŷվԱߵīݣīƳһ˷е㼸ǰ̬İпɡ
ƲƲ죬⻹ֻпأҲԣ۽ߡ
˵ĸͼȥ򣬵ǱܸˣҲȥʣǱվڰһԵīݸˡ
ֹȻǺ͸Ϊ˵Ļƣ˼īͬڣվվħһ֮ࡣ
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ϲ˵ļ֣˾ôһˣɲ˵һӡ
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ڹʮ˽ڴˣĿ֮֮£ˮŹԺεȺųĵһڣ
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ܸӲ˶ҩҲûǸĵǱڹٶԱֱӲһƣ˸ʬ塣
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·ϸܵǵʦ֣˵֮£λ˵˸֣᲻鷳
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ʦ˵Щ˵ˣ˵λɰݵĲˣô
Сʦܿˣǿһޣ
֪ΪʲôǸˣҲͦġ


53 
Ϊ˸̨͵Ϯ£ͣһգһּ
εǲӵضŰٷ֮ǰ¡
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Ҫǣλɻڹ̨ûߣ뿴ֲҿװ͵͵һֿۣһۡ
ڴҵ͵ӣīݵȻܸоԴ⣬̨ϱԵİϡ
ͦг徢һˣյĻҲûжŵСħޣ̨ͦƴͦ
׶СħޱֲͦǱǿϧǵޡ
ǰеźī³֡Сħ޵ҲˮȣӣԺѱסδпĳɳһʵƫħͷ
뷨īü΢ɲ£ڿ񱻻ٵ顣
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Ȼôһƴǰټǰץסˮںһȱ©֮ٴʤ
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ǾǣһûһȵùСµġǸˮڣܸᲢۣǰһ
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ӴӵħмкܻȥȥͺһϸϸЩ
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С뱭ľƣ˶úúȣ֮ػϢ
ڶһܱ˵Ҫף˵ôףȻǳȥԺ֣ˡ
ϴο治һ뻨Ǯܣ߹ľǺõɵǮ·ߣ˵˹ˣסλ
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ԱǲģҲˣλݲһ㣬û˵Ļֻ΢ЦһλСƾɫӦλСӡ
ԣƽݵɫװƱߣǲǺܺÿеġ
λӲǱ˰ɣǲμӴȵĹӣѽǿɲˡ
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ûʶԱ˶ˣλС³ԪֻԹһ㣬򲻵뵤黨ϼֻѬӣȵȣȵȣలԼֵֹ֪¡
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㶫ôˣС˼ѣĴС֡
̾Ϊֹ龧ݣҺϴ裬ĵʲôĽүǰģλǰС׼ˡ
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īûߣǶħ֮£ٶգǰҲˣڽգΪиָûʱŶѡ
վīסԺӵ⣬ϴ󲻸ˣҼУﻹԷ㿴ӣӦԷӣ
Ҫһµģ˵Żܲ½ȥЦһЦ
ܣ
ˣЦˣƤЦⲻЦƵġǶ
ᡣܵ׷ѿ࣬϶Ӧ
һ⣬ڡ
ܣҿԼ˳ԷСʦ˲ˡ
ܴӦŹ֣֪ղĸҭ˵ķųСӸ߸ּģһ㶼
ȴûǸԼ˴׵Ķʦ֣Լ·ûвףȻֶܣºú˵ǧֵܱưˣ֪ô˵ʱԲ˵УһҪ壬һ㡣
ܳ˳ǣ֪֪С⻹õԸʦܲ᣿
㱾ͳףӿĪҪƵģᣬȷʵ˲İ
Ҳֻˣ˭Լʦأôܻôأ


54 
վڽ˵ˣ֮ǰлīݣīȴܲܡǾ仰֮ˣġ
ôԭ˵ӾͲӡ
ʵ˵Ĳ޵ţǸҲȷʵ֮ˡ˵̽ؽϵлأСҲѯʰ
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СʱҲ˵ˣȻǶ˻Ǹлġ
ʵ֮ǰҲ뵽ΪīһֲΪᶨƵ
Ҳ֪īݵϲãؼīݺûϲã͵лҲû͵˵Ŀϡ
ź˵˺üл֮󲻱ϣȥһƷһʳ롣
˵һֲ˽вʷԽҲ֪ʲôģһֽлģҶ˵ζ档
˻һֱûгȥ߹ɣ뿪֮ǰһȥһ£
īݣá
һʱûܷӦܿ͸˵صúúð˵ˣ˵īݻᷴƵģҾͲٴˣȻȥ˵ܷٸˡ
īݿžһ˿ЦǰһƤƵġսʱ򣬻λò˷Сӣûһ¶ԭΡ
īݴӦ˵ĳԷ룬Ȼϡ棬Լʲô˲õĴ¡ղλ˱л֮ϸ΢ʧ䣬֮ʱ۾ڴīݹʹʹӦ
ӦҲӦˣֲʲô¡
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СӵҪϹ
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һȻܾˣлͲȥ˺ܲ˼ˣٵȻҪú룬˼ҵĲ˿Ҫһ顣
ϤĻ磬īǰҲǰ̻ʲͬѾ˵һоֹ档
кԲˣ߳Ա߸˵ʲôʲôģôôģЩͷķǳԣһڶ˵һȻҲûԹģûԹģҲĺ˼˶ೢӡ
ʷԽԭģ֭ʱǲǼҶԣֲҶµĸоʷԭǼôһΪǼ⣬ԭ룬εôǳֲۡСȷʵͦóԣ˿쳢
īٳԶˣڲ֪нջͳ˲٣ҲĶ˲٣һ֮󣬶԰񡣡
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վڰ󣬳˳·˵ʦôˣͷһͷ˵ȴǣôһԷأ
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55 
ֵķΧУ˵ɶֲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôǸ첲ײײܡ
ֻһɻ񣬲ûܳɹ˼
ˣָϣͷԷΡ
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ڰ󣬵һ찲ȥһ죬ڶȥ˻ûߵĹޣ̸죬ֱ˴㻨Ǯϳȥ档
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˵±ͼԲãпص˿룬ܿ췢ھѾˡ


56 
صţܿͼף飬ЦĲõİڿվףʱϲõЦݶһ£Ǻܿ䵽ףǰ
ףҵͷ˵ʱЩ
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ףĻЦݱЩּ˾䣺ʦ˵ұֺãףġ
ףҲ΢̣ԡ
˵˼֮󣬰ȻӣףҲûϽУϾҪȴˡ
ڴƽݻΪȷȷʵָħڣðΪȻ֮ǰ²⣬ҲȻס֤ʵ֮ķŭ
ر»¶īǰ
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ףȥ˰֮󣬵˰Ҳ֪ܿ˴£һֱûڴ¼֤ݣвем
ڳϵף飬ȵĲǰǱƢܡ
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仰ìܣʵֲìܡУֻҪ˻£϶ӻˮļƵףɵģһ۸˵ľ
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ף鿴ҪŭڵܣڸϵͦǵСʱһ㶼Ը
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СҲǿ֪ǲֶ㱻ˡ
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ף飺ΪÿκŪͣס졣Ҫˣһһ趼ġ
˵éİһԸһ͹ޢ֭Щ񱣬Ҳ˸ӣôֱӶ˵Ǹǰ
ƭң
ףһ㶣ȴȵ̵ͷҲ̧ں꣬ǰžһţˬ
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аɣԲĶӣ߶ҲȵĲˣ


57 
Ȼףʦ֣֮ǰ˵ҪҺúñ֣ȡΣҺܸˡ
ͻһ仰ףղŷֱ
֪˰Ҫ˵ʲô޴ضһ豭ɤﻺһ
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ףǱû͵ԼŰһһ䣬ڻԲ֮ǰ£ˡ
ף˵Ĳζҩ֮£ͬӡ˵ģڴδף顣
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ףóһÿѮһΡ
áֻЩ֮֮һȥҩģܹá
ٶȱ˶죬ʼǸУǰɣɻңٶȣ꣬ͻͻħҲΪƽͻơ
һ͸״ʲô
裬õıڤҩмءһҩʦ֮󣬱ɹơȼߣҲֻ׶ΣЧ֪䲻࣬ƫƧһнҩʦƳɹ
ף˵ҲǱΪ⣬ؼš
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ף˵ð˵
ϰߵħߵ·ӣʦ֮ԲǢ֮ǰʱֻħһ;ټ֮Żħʶʵδﵽڻͨδﵽ㱾ǰ㣬˿ɬ֮У»δӰ졣ɵߵ߸Զʱ򣬻Ϊ谭
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ʦ֣δ֮ǰҲڳĹѹһﻹȻǴҲڱ֮УͲɥһڱˣǾֱԻпɣ֮󣬶ӣ˻ȥҲǸ⣬ĵطӡ
㣬ûоЩŵЩҲһֻ޵ƴͬȻûӴ磬δȾһ˵Ѫ
֮ĶֶȥӴꡣ

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һлʲôлŶԣ׼ôྪϲ
ףҡҡͷû˵ʲôֻڰķࡣ


58 
ף鱻°֪֮ȥҵ˵Ǵʦֶµ֡
ȴףΪҲ̲ܽ
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ףҲüʦΪųȥǣԵɣǵΣ֮ʣʦߵĺָͬȥ
ĵʲôܻ߸ף𣿵ȻܡǿȨѹףƾô˵Ӧʦף˳ȥ
ף˰ɣɲ׷ˡԵڶգҰˣ˵Ļף֮¡
ʦָ˵ʦҾʦ˵еȥǡ

ȻҲٴζ԰ֱӾܾⲻǲڰǰԵʦҲʦѹˡ
ɡĿ湻ƫģҲÿףʦŵʱѾСˣûĸʦͽ顣
ίǸҪȻٺͬһȥˣѰΪʦ֪μкü˼ؾô
ʦǲһ
ʦȥǣǱסһأһ϶г
סһأ
ףѹǶ԰ȸõɣֲǿᡣ
յգĥҲȻͷȻյͷͺˣҲҧš
Ѫһиţǽߵʱ򣬰ϵĵǻǵס
ܿŸпǧ︸ǰ˭뵽ǰŸĪϣȻǸ˸˵ϸأ
пȻûкܴ󣬵°ֶѵ£ڳĸĶˡ
رǵ˰ͰˢˢܿܿĲһԾߡ
⡢⣬ˡ
ɡɣȻǱͱˣҲ֮ǰǴղܵİ
ȴûʰܣתſ˺ͰĸеĻ⡣
˳°׵ݣҲԳ׾˰īݵĹϵ
ͷ֮ǰûҲǸðͷͱִܵظѹȥһ㶼ҪǸϵ
һ°ˣãæ϶Ϲ˵
Ȼ֪ǵõʱ㱻ӵ
Щûи֮£ҲûиĸĸȻĸﲢͨһǸůĴʻ㣬ǰĸĸûʲô飬ģҪ˵ʲô飬Ǿͼˡ
ǣԺٶЩ£δӷǻҲӦòһ飬ֻҪܿ
Ҳ˵ڳĲҲ֮˲ͷȻˣ밲ҵȻʦֺ˵ʦһܲҺʦֳһ㶼񡣡
ʦֵ˼ӦҲֻǸֻ˵ʦܵҪԶŶѣԲԣʦ֣
æԶԣ˼ʲô˼һΪʦΪ˼
εЦУ뿪
ڰ뿪ܣҹ
ܣ
ܵĽ³ףʾţͦ


59 
ǣÿһ۵һ㶼ע⡣
ֻͨͨһ˫۾Цӯӯʱÿ̲ס࿴ۡ
˵Ҳɾʣ˵ַǳæλǣ޷׬ǮĿջСƣڷתһȦҪס
˵ͷ⴦ɡ
С뿪֮ʱмֲģ̲סһˣҪСĵ㣬øԵ˶򽻵
Ҫæģȥջҡ
СƵĶмһЦãҼˣлС硣
Сæ˰֣λۣȴ˵ĸоǳ˺øУҲ˵˼仰
Сߵʱ򣬶ôģס˺ܶ඼ֱᣬλӿܺ۸
һͺ۸İţȷʵûסϼձ۸ˡ
βٵ˸ؿڵϣգڶˡ
ڵϵˣ죺գա
ţһסͱ㶢ˣ
ǡһƬҹܣһҾ֪ǣҲҾǴոѶѣûҪ١
Ŷɾˣ㻹ôģǮܸ㣿
˵һߣԼϵģҲ
˱ѣϵԺţĸ۸ǡ
ٺ٣ҪǻָǮµģһرѡ
ŶҲˣٻŪɳչ
µֺһЦҿģҪײϵǻǱߵˣǲ⣬ɱ
ּ˵ɱңɱǣ
ۣ磬硣ҽ硣֮ǰ۲ʶ̩ɽҸⲻǣ磬Ҳˣ̧ܸܲţ
ŵϵ˼һȻϵǮöó
ϵĺգ׵۾ŷӦԭԼٲɣҪˡ
ӳһ£Ŀˣһһ㶼ǿȥ֪ѵŵӲӡ
۵ؽϵĶûˣЩ
컹˭
ûˣæһξһ˵ţ̽ҪȥŲԼϵֻţڣλ˽š
ӵٺ٣磬治ֵǿˡǱ˰ɣǰĵİ
ʵ̫ࡣ
ӵãʣ۲ʡǸҪϸͷҲԼˣƬģԺͶѣúסšҾƬСͷߣкСܣСܰš
ŤͷӣλεһͷȴһһԳСܣ˵죬Ҳ
ô֪Ҫסϲ̵ʱ䣿֪Ĳ١
ӣ٣Կ䣬¾Ҳ֪ģҷӣҪǶ꣬˼Ҳ⣬ɲǸͣһʱ𣿡
ֵէҪ۸˵˵Ľַھӣ
˵ͷ֮ûͣһ˵һӡ֤û֪ġ
˵ͷڶҵĴӺͷǼҵСϱüȥǸӻ˼һӣ͵͵ʱ򣬰
ԺҲ˵Ǹ
æǲᡣⲻҲûܴ𣿡Ȼֲ˼صҪһҲģӲҪ˵Ǿ͡
˵ᣬҲŲǣ˵磬Ҳûв˵£ҲûкСϱ
ӵĻû˵꣬ͷ¡
ƴԼ죺ٸ署ģ˵˵۷ǵ¡
⼸ճѾ˽ЩҲ࣬˵ͷ
ӸƬסҪЩˣֶЩǲõˣǶסҪЩЩ;ӪʲôӽЩвٰ֮ǰûдġ
ӸڰԱߣ԰ҲӪɣǾã
һ٣
һЦɲ˵۾ÿɲССֵģĶǴǮ
Ҿϲ̨ɢǮѣҲֵֹƲ۾ˡ
Ҹ㣬ȻֲֵⲻôûģȥüβҲǱţȻñ
üβǷǵһز˺ϲｻס
üôΪ룿
ѣѣǲʶ
ǸãҪⷽǮδҡҡͷһͦϵӡ
֪ǲˣҪһ䣺նɱһͷԣжĳݣкʮ̶̯ǵģĻи࣬׬ǮɶˣΪС
ȻӴЩԼûʲôϵЩûСආķݶֻһ¿ǾõСӡ
ȴȻԵСӵУҸȥá
һ£Ȼ٣Ͷˣֵܾûƭ㡣㣬Ҳʲô˶ܼģֵû⡣
˵꣬Ա˲ӵ۾Ͽ˼ۣźصֵܣҪǳٺÿЩͺˣϲÿˣ˶˵￴ŵĶȱҵĺÿ
ֵҲ٣㳤ĵҲ㲻ѿ
Ա֮´ƤҲڣۣ֮ܿǣ촽
ӰĿжû˵Ļ˰ԼⲻҲ첻ıȥ𣿲ҪǸÿñڻĺãܻ쵽ȥˣ硣
ŷɻڴĳһ
ȴνõĲ׳̶ֶµӡǰ¡ձѡغɫ
Ȼһȥһ£ֲҪΪ˼ҵĳԱҲ㲻˼ҵ÷翼졣
ӵ˼ҾȣӣС£൱˼ŵӵִڣΧ˲Сͦ˼ģиĻͷ
һգƼһȡĳֲֺ񣺡ߣȥһܶƽһ¡
ôõĻҲһ𡣡
εصҾͲȥˡʵá
ҲûģǺû
ӵôûУ㿴ⶼдأЩ񡣡
˵⼸ûˡ
¶ɻҿǣֵܣ㿴Ŀϸֵʵ˲࣬ϸû죬ĺܡ
ЦŵһΪΪ⼸ղǸХ磬ԴҲŲģԭǡ
ӣôХأֵܣˣϸ²Ÿչȥ
ţǾͺáУȥ
ۡǣӻû˵꣬һδ󺺣ȴСһİקˣô˦˦
ȵȣȵȣҲȥȥֵҾͲȣ㽱ˡ
ǰѹͲӺһ·ûӣɥХ磬Ǿ˵Ǳжֳ㶯βͼɨһ£ҲŲס
ֵܣҴˣˣԺҲˡ
磬磬ͣ𣿡
Ҫȥģ˵ˡ
ɱܣ֪ʢҲ΢һ£治ǵġ
ؼǱҳܺ𣿡

ק˵˺ߣڵˣֻãˡҲӵ򡪡
ͷ
˸ʲôˣ
أۡ
δ󺺿޵ıһһѡ
ȻֱǸźܺ۸һɣҪס죬ס֣
δӱ죬ҡͷ
ȴûһ̲ס£棬ڣĲĻˣ˵ԣȥؼҪһ档


60 
ӸƼǲȡһֽкܲݵĺֲӲ廹Ҫкüξ롣ԽߵԽԶԽΣգຣ඼ײУȻȡܲҲΪһѶ
˵ǿĴţ͸ֱʽˡ
һ˿ϣǰģȴӲ廹ҪһֱǰУͲͣ
ҲˣܲӣСӵʵҪǿĶĶࡣ
ֵǣȵǵضֱȥԼȥʯܲݣڱŵļͷªҧ˵Ĵ㣬ȻҲҪԼӦԡ
ǸгСӣԱߵ๤ļƣһ㶼ûմְһѵ˼ۿҪǳĴͷһԴǻֻվţԹۡ
ʹҲƨòܣ˵ᣬǸ˵һ㲻ƭ˵ġ
ӱžȻҲһأѪĸ첲һֻקʯܲݰסͷЦһڴժģ
ϣڼû뵽ҲôӢһ죡磬㿴û͸ղţɱֻޣ
ܳûüǵ⣬ҲܻϲǮġֲö˵Ǯ죬ɲǣ
˵žֶ԰C磬⺣ܲݽҪô֣
Ҫˣ
źİȥЦŵ˭˭ˣ
ҡҰˣ磬⣬ҲԼȥɵģ壿أãҶ
ӴͷɥظԼֹѪѪۡܿ죬Ҳ˲Щˣæ磬۲ȥôܲҲɵˡ
ǰȴĿĻ룺㲻Ȼˣöɼá
Ǹ磬Ƭһãûˡ
šǰߣң˵һνԾģ
֪ɺܲݵģǳȥģ
ʲô˰ǣ
ھãԵĴŶǼٵģײϡ
ǣȻӵá
νǺеһڴߵĺޣһô󣬶û֮ʱķ˾Ʒǳʱõ
ٶȻر죬ٿʱ˲Ѿǰˡ
ŵĹǺʱ򣬰Ѿץ˰ѽֻսһˡ
Դϴλص֮аټףλʦ˫ؽѧټϸѵҵиöţϴαʱȣ˳
ǰֻԣģȻûʱŻӣһҪӡ
ò˵ֻԺѶԸԸѵޡ
СŽͳ˹ȥ˼Ҵǰ͸СڵƵģСĿ
һϢϢϢСӾȻûڷȥӶû
ܳСӻǵķŭܲŭ𣿱ͱһһƬĺˮȾˡ
Ӿ;ʱرһһԵսȦӴ֮ܳͬǰ˵ģֻԵβͼɨһ£ӾѪ߹Ƕˡ
ֶģӶ۵Ժˣֻ֪Ӳǻһһ鴬壬ЪһЪ
ӵۼѵؿȥǸֻսһĺڵѡһǣ˸ʲôˣⶼʲôʺˡ
ֻѪԽԽ࣬Ҳ͸ʹ˼֮֮ǰӷֻȻѾή˲١
ӻȻʶСӴҲֻܽԸɱˡͻ㱣ȻҲʶܱ֮һȡ
ȻҲܼһĻ
ӾͱŴӵȰȰȻ󣬺ȻֻԷ޴˻ǻ͹һڱQŴֱ˻ĸٷ˸
ֳôĶ֮ȴչƽšӿλŪվڴˣĸӻǾͳڻվסӵ˵һţ
гλǰĴڸˣæʹɤӺ磡磡أһš
ǰ棬Դ򶷵ʱйϣ˵ġͦȻźң޲廹á
ӼЦ磬ǰڷɲҲ̫Ųö
ȴϾһȥ
ӱͱˮݽ˵½ĸ磬֪֮ǰˣҸڣ˽ѵˡ
ҪǻۻȥˣңôʰС
ԺҾٷˣҷģҪٶԸ˼Ҳú
磬֪ôأĵԺҲҲҡӽҾΨհ
ϡ
ӣϸ뵱СܣλҲϵ˼𣿲һ˲ȴ˴ϡ
ϲ磬ġԺúøɣһõġ
ÿɷֻ˵Լûܻڡ
ɡӼҪߣȴһ£ϴϴȱߣֻ۵ˣһաۣǸԺǮͶĻ꣬ܲݿɾͲʲôˡ
ԼɱǼֻûʱ͹۵ˣҪֻ˷ѵ۵һ˯žֻԲҲɡ
ԣس̣Լã֮ǰ̫ҲͬˣڰָӼѣԼʲôƵġ
ԼҲȷʵ˲Ĵˣǳ֮Ķǡ
ԼҲ˼õҩߵʱãˣǺôԼˡȻ϶Ҳһ㶼ͷ
ĺõҩţû׳ɣûġ
˰ߣʰ磬Ե֪Ҫ֪Զ£Ǹ⣬̳ˣ˭Ҳȥȵ£֮ǰˡ
Ҳ֮ǰôŵظЩȴӵĻǲ˼һ֣ӱôˡ
ǵǣνԵǲǻᱻ֪һֱɴӵĻҲɲһ¡
֪⣬Ͼ͵ɪˣ޲߳ײϵĲôһﶼ֪ɱȣϴɱһԡ
ӵȥȥЪһ¶ԸЪģǸ浱ԼǰСˡ
˼ҽǰһվ°ͶǸ߸̧ţɤҲ񣬺ܲݡ
ӱߵһģˣͦΪȻģȻܲǲ̫ŪҲò˲Ƶϡ
Ȼһ̧ͷ˱ʶ˻һ£ҰҳĴ۲ĺܲݣ˼һ£Ҳǲ⡣
ͦƢصУһúܲݣеƷ࣬㿴Ҫʮ龧Ҫٸ׷֣
ӾŤͷѯϴȴϴѹͲ⣬û߿ǽš
ԼҪ龧Ҳ˭˭˵ˣȫҪϽϵϴ
ܲݵ˵֮ͷϷں棬ɤӣ˵壬˵Ǳ߳ͷԣҳ񣬳ģҽȥûˣʧһĵòСɣǾûзһԵ񣿡
ЦǷҽӣˣЩģҪģЩӣǱȥط
ӣô˵Ƿ񣬲Ż֪᲻ܽӡ
ңѾҴˣҾﶼܸʲôӦõͲ˰ɣ
˵ıĻ֮󣬾ͱķǳһѾӵĿڿһӡ
㻹Ǳ˵ЦˣæأϽȥ˰ɡ˳ٿܲΡ˵ҡҡͷ
λˣҲ˵ķӦࡣ
ԱߵŽĸЦ¸û˽ˣ˵ɱԣҪء
ʧķ˰ɡ
ҿпܡ

֮⣬һɫΪף˿ƵĻֳۣȣͦɧˣһ£ˡ
ɧ˵һһҸһˣһһһŮĲɷŮۣеҲپµƲĿ⡣
Ҫ˵мλɧˣòͬҲ޿ޣҪǹɧʣҲеľͺһڣټǵλߵ˵ûκεĲԸ
ߵŮ֮󣬾͸Ц˵Ҳɱͷء
ұߵҲ֪ĸе˵ĺԵı¡
һҾȥ˸ߡ
еȣ£ɨˡһ뿴˭˵ɱͷԣģȻҪǼٵġϵЦ˵㡣
˵˽ȥ


61 
һ߽ãܿ˴ҵע⣬ϳģҲϳµģܱ㹧ŽټʻԱɫˣһתܿҲ֪˭
˷ûЩĿѰ˵ɱԵˣȱһǼ￴ȥ
һ㱻۾֮ǰԼ˵ģˣϿŵĶȱҪÿࡣ
ǿһۣƲͷˡӱټƤڣ˻ûã·ƣҲңԹ߾˵ģɲǸˣ
ôǵȤ֮£ƲͷָŤ˻˵ɱԣ
ôʻ˵ӾͼԲɱģǱ߿ȥ
Ҳڿˣ˵ɨһ¶ѣȴ࿴еһۡΪԽߣԽ庮οֲȵʱðӣžǴī֡
òʷһ˫۾۲תģ۵ȴ˾ЦЦЩһ㡣
õԭġ
ȻЩҲδͣ٣ɱġ
˽һԽǳǺ˵òͺͨˣǺڱӵĳģ֮ͨò˳ۺÿһ㡣
ЦŵŶɱһͷԣҲΪҳˣףɸϸߵļ۸񡣡
ͷ֤֤ɱҲС
еģŲ£ȥ档˵ߣҲƢظš
ںĸçСӣҲ֪У˵Ҳ𾴲㡣
ʵƽƽ̬ȶԴѣⲻݲͬôΪ˼ҵ£̬ƽǲˡ
Ȼ²ȴֻЦЦû⣬ڰ棬ߵơ
ǰ˵̬ùȻû֤ȴж˵ӦΪ棬š
ȵ˿յأ֤ǰųľ޴Եʬ塣
һųΧ۵Ĵһﶼû˼ϻڳͿʼ־֮̾
֮ڣ̾ȴûȥҲûȥѣȴֿĻɲࡣ
ǶԾ棬ǸཫĿʬ˿ϣ˻תǽɱģ
ǵġ
Ͽˣ˾񻹲
á
Цаֶһ߲ţ֮ǰҾȻ֪ǽʲô֣ʲôʱõģڶЩʲô
һһˣҲûʲô˵ͽгÿаˣ֮ǰһֱӡ
˵˼䰲СãξЪϼգҲûж˵ġȻֻԻ龧й׷ֶൽӶҪˣֲС
ô׿ȺԻȥӻƨƨߵظš
˷֮ɫӣϲۣ
û¡Ӵ˵ֿ꣬ʼ˵˵ˡ
һǵһôһζǸԶһۡ
ϴϴڳޣԺ÷ɻڴ
ûУЩ˭˵ϴϾѴɣСӦķǳ졣
ӻֵϴҾã׳٣ҲϾֻûмա
ϴʱҪҪǿǣ
˵أ
ٺ٣ǾҪǸĴˡ۲ܴӦ
Ǿõİɣأ
æϴɱᣬҪӽΪǰҶ϶ġҪǿдȿԱ
ҾǾһ۵Сආ֮ǰɶûϴģžǰ߶վϴ߶ġ
ҪɸĴûк̫࣬۵Ȼھĺá
ӵðɵð˵һѣͣ£ҵˡ
ŶŶҲȥʶȤص˵ϴڿɲסˣȥұҪʮķӡ
á˵žરŹϡӻܴ֪࣬£ʱҲͦģ徻ˡ
һϢ֮󣬰ǰպīдţһдģڶдף飬дܣÿ˶С
д֮Ҳȥ˭ϼɣһתĹͱȡˣȻѪһˣѪһŹһֱû¶棬ȡŵʱҲˡ
Ѫһдͳȥ֮ʱͳȥĻԼдһ⡣ŰⶣˡȻ˷ųˣǲ̫ҪѪһʱ㱨
յķţ鲻ŵʱ򣬶ûڴ顣
Ȳ𿪵ĵȻǰдʦһ⡣
ʦ
뿪ſҪ£ʦˣʦûңһнԺãʦҪǡ
ﲻһҾöܺζŶˣʦǰǵģʱʦҲõ
ס˼֮󣬾ͺöˣҲúһˡߵĺܴ󣬻౴ҶʶŴڣ϶ܽͨͨĺóԡ
ҺҲԱٹˣȻҴŲĺóԣˣһԺסţûˣԼҲԣѪһѪһֲҽ
ҿûиѪһ״˼ŶʤΣҪ˽죬Ҳ̫Ϊˣ
ˣﻹʶһˣѣҲŸʰһ١ӡ

ûжţ˭дŲǲ䣬ÿһÿһʽԶû簲ҳģдֽȴֻ̫̣մ򿪿һֵʱ򣬾Ѿ¶Ц⣬ԽЦԽࡣ
ҲֻڿԵʱüֱܿԾľӸЦ
ûиʱֻδȻٴͷһ飬һ鶼ûܿζ
ڶ鿴֮󣬰ȻʧһС£ûȴѪһ㱨һ⣬дףһݡ
ʹƤҲдšʦ֣Ҳ޶ãŲĺԥ
ʦƷҲǲɹά
һʦ֣֡Ƥһ¡ٿʶġʦˣʦûҡҲСӣ
ֱܿȻſֵֶ֪һЩ¡
ţҲдظŶԲԣҪ飬һЩС£뵽дġЩС£ȴĽζ
ſţǸףдģΪҲǸдأ
ףűˣܵǷݣȻҲûκɻᱻŹ
ŲѪһдǷ㱨ţվǰ˵̬泩һҲô˵ѪһҲ˾վǰ͸ɰͰ͵簲ƽĹżһ
ַǰҲǰģûиԤ͹ʵȻɰͰЩ
簲д̯һǴĴ壬ɫģѩһÿ£紵ʱ򣬶ȤöȻȥʱҪȥӣʦǸȤҲʦһ
ѪһдǣСڳųʱǶǣΰ֣ΰһΪ¼իͣħСޡħ˲Ϊ֪¡֮һ̯̣һյɫסһδлʮ࣬ɫƣȻ顣
ȻдĸɰͰͣûадȤǰҲǿ
ѪһдҲϸûᵽģһ̶ȥûдģſЩȥȻڲڣǵܿˡ
԰ѪһдţҲͬϸֻĿڰؼǡħСޡħ˲Ϊ֪¡Щʱͷֱ
СһܳȥͶЩʲô˽Ǹ̡¼լˡ߻ʵԶˣʲôұţ
ʱ򣬰ʵҲûôСԣ뱻СӿЩ˵˵ģйǰδеĳֱͷƤòײŽǹɳǿѹȥ
ķŶϸϸֽ꣬̿ſʼţдҳֽŻصҲ٣֪Ҳдҳ
ͽܱܴԶɱˣΪʦΪԺǿϧûۿ
˵ͽܲƾԼ˺ܶǮ𣿿ãǾͻõĵطίԼ
˵Ļ棬Ų˾Ȳˡʵв֣ĻͽѪһѪһããԺҲã죬ʵҲġ
ҪģҲԶΪʦдţΪʦ졣
дЩӣᵽ˵ķֶ԰дɱʱõʽдĽָ
ддţдࡣ
д뿪Ű£ΪʦҲ顣
һдЩҲ顣
д֮⣬ϰͳȥȴüˣףܵ˸͹ȥ˻ǣҪŵĸϽŽ⣬ʱ
ʵ뽫˵ŸģţСû˵ĻŻ֪ô룬ԲսŽ˳ȥ
Ȼֽʣָһ飬֮Ž֮պá


62 
˵ɱһͷԵ£ھµ۷׷ףھ֮⣬Ҳ֪ͬ
ÿɧһ°˷밲˵£Ƕ㣬ϴϣʲôûж˵
ûӵıģ֪Щ޲ɶԵģ֪һ֪
ˣȥ֮˲ˣӰڷ֮ÿһյٶһǸȴ鲻ˡ
֮ǰˣĸһǴĸʦţΪʲôǣÿʲôĿԵɣЩһŲ֪
ӺͰͷһλ̳ܵȸݷõİ
Ժ̳֮ԹǸЦŵûٱңϲҸһ֣Ҳһ˵ĺܡֻ˵ʱҲ֪߻һ˴ţǰЩίˣҽչⲻȥ
̳ûйϵҲֻǳէЩϤһҲӦá
̳¹ӲҾͺã¹Ҳ̫͵֪¹ʵƣͻˣҲó¹ûˡ
²˵ǣǰձǴӺ߻֮ȥ㣬ֻǡ
̳Цԣϵɣֹ£˴£͡Ҳ¹͸ףԺ¹ӵֱӸˣߵĺˣԺҳ¹ӣ¹ӿɱ𵱲ʶҡ
Ҳ׵

ֶһҲ̽Ҫʳ֮ǰȵȣֻǱ˹ȥ
֮Ҳ˵˺üɵǽǣֻǰɵӶȲϾá
Ҳ¶棬ʲôĶ˵ǽǵǼҪһʵȨʲôģľͲҪˣҲǸڹ߿ŷѡ
ûп֣ߣȥҴţӮңкö㡣
ûܹǲؿ㣬ǲصá
ĹֱùЦЦСͦ˼
ҡҡӣǰˮʱȥˡ
٣ʦʦЩɽȣһ㶼û˻еʢҲôܡҹʵԶȲλʦ֡
Ҳڸոգ֪ԭеǰȣҲֹɧͣҲ˼ҵ
ղŴܴ׺ݵˣָֻ˰ֻһ˫۾͵͵һۣȻһۣ˺Ц
鶯һ˫۾ȴΪͨ˶ﶼҲһɫʡ
Цҡ˼ӣҲʧһ¶ѣԣҲ͹ۼ⡣
ۼҲˣƫͦʶȤشС¶ĽȸȤã㿴һ
˶ԼͦСģЩҲܶһ£˵ֻսһѡ
лл֮󣬻һ
Щ걻ѧҲͦã󻹵Сʵˣһûзˮ˼Ȼʹ졣
Ҿ͵ڿ佱ˡ
ȻǡЦЦ۾ڷŵ磬εʱ٣һֻڿĻȸڰһףҲ⣬Ϊڵɲ꣬ΪĿꡣ
ΪȻıȽʹ죬Ȼʱ򻹲٣ȥ˼ѶȲС£Լ̸нȥиȵȣٲȻ˹ߵ½ˡ
ȻԼ֪ܶЩν
ߵ½ˣʱӴĸɫҲͦ˼ģͽģݺڹǰģֶδֱֱɱġ
򵥣ǰЦһͣڶݺһѵĿͬһˡʱ򻹿Ҳ˭ȻҲʱֲһˣǼϡ
ֻһߵһλãܼô粨
ֱӵԵЩǰ淽ڣаţӦûԣûġ
ţЩ֮⣬еһдǹƣ˿ɲָŮԱΪеҲ١˵һ˿ŻͦĿġ
ôһ˶Ȼⲻ˻ᵽһЩⳡǰ⴦ƻͨӭĻ¥
ʵʵںȥ¥ﵣɣɫŮ˶ƯĵĲˣ鿿ҲͦƯҪǺ󵨡
ùȥ赲Щǵƻ𡣲˹Ƕ˵࣬һһ䶺ĹǸЦһɹӹˡ
һ˿ȻЦЦĲǹ˭
С²ûĵطɣţǡӦЩС档
̣֣ĻšǰǸѧСޣΥУ鶼ûҲѧϰǮһռ䶼ûСⱲӣڰףƤӵ³󣬰ҲһֱǸԺӡ
ʹǶʱ侭ȥңˣҲƫһζûȥ¥䣬Ҳкȥʱ򣬿ɾÿζûܳС
ԣǰûĵط¥ﵽȣЦ˿ҡ
¥ϰҪ࣬ɿеѬζҲȻ𴦺ܲһ
һܿһĽιǣȹѣα䣬ݺ㰲һʱֱúò֡
ܴ󷽣ҪּǺúһ֬Ϯʱһòãùҡ
ɹȴΪȵЦĺǻ죬С֮ǰĪǳĹĵʦţ
Ѷһλ֣һλĸ첲ǡ
ðɣǾͲǣ⼸λֲǺˮޣƽ㴦²ش쾹Ǳλųˣ
ԿԼֿĻֵĹʲôǣ
ǿɻᵯǸҵӣݸ裬鶼Сٰצ죬ϲˡ
ЦԽ𾢣ЩԽ壬Լѵɮ
ЩǶĹ֪˭˵㣬ȥ
Цˣڵ˵ͷӵұĹһ֮ߵ˶üˣ⻹ӵұҲ
Ѿ̬ӱܵߣ¥һţѽӣӣҪջأȴȻץסһˡ
¥µ֮лǼ۵ģΪΪ¥µֻзһԴܱ߶û˵ģĹǶüԶû˹ȥ
һϲţȴûнг
ֹΪһ¥һ¥£ô˺񲻴á
һΪüǰʱҲһֱǡĺˣǵڶ֪˵֡
оǣˣʦߵʱʦ𻹸˴һţȻӡ󲻻ҲؽӰɷɷһ£˿ɲϲħޣ߻ġ
Բ˵˵Ĺϵ
¥Ҳ񣬰նһֱֱؿðһ
¥µīݣĵһ۾ϳˣȻαװαװīݵûá
һ˳ü
ôڷؼôĵط
¹ӣĲ衣
ǵݲ͵ݲ裬ƫｫִڰϣ˵ϢҲĲգתǹļһûǹڵأʹȥһ㣬ôӦ
¥īݵǲŲòѾû켣¥ĥˡ
īݵüĺ˵㣬ħֻУѧʲôãúõҲѧ
˵ǹûбƵڵأȴеĲյ䣬ľ׵˴⡣
Ҳæ¿ȥɱˣûţֻֻյӸȽס˿嵱λмһЦ
īűӣȴ˽ڣ¥ֱİȥ䲻֪ҪȥʲôֲĵӣҲụ̀ܽǾȥš
Сӻ˻ȥ


63 
ߵĶùҲ˹Сôˣ
ҡҡͷûʲôӵȥˣҺûҵˡȻҲڴվˣ˻ȥ
īݵĶҲǳ죬߸£Ѿ¥š
һλȥ֮󣬴Ҿȿһ㣬ǳǿվ
˲˫һɨλͼڣڵٵλˣȻɴͣ֡
˴ȷĹϻӵЦҲ̵ĸһ£ܿ컹΢Цŵλǣ
īݣӡ
ԣղŶλлͷ㽫
īݵ˵ͷ
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ڰӹ֮󣬰Ȼȵվſûߵ˼ֻεصȵ裿
áشĺ䣬Ȼ밲ͬıֱټ˪ɫϲĹԾվֱЩʵʵ衣
һ֪Ҫγƺ
īݣ̶ˡ
֣ղŶлˣǳλǾõ
Ҳͦӵص꼴ԵճκͳʶãؾĹܸ裬òȥִк˵һ±ϵĹ
īݱھᰲ֮£ΪμʱֻǸССħޣֻСʹڳˣˣҲȻСֳֺΪڡ
᲻ںܿͱĻ̬עĿ˵ȴǣšȻ˳ĸȹˣߵļơ
Цӯӯīݴкȴ࣬īޱһƵģѹģ˵ǣ˶ЦĶЩвȥ
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Ŷԭˡεض豭²ڣȴǱīݸ豭סˡ
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ü԰ҪϵĲˮ׼
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࣬æ͵ǣûСҽǸģûҪѰ֡
īݵĿתΪοֻǵȻģԹĿ˿Щ

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ͨȴֶͨͨϣ˵۾עĿһǧһ峺˱׽ֻ͵Ļͦơ
˵ŵ˵ͷͦƵġ
īݺͰȴΪ⡣ī֪Сħ޵ǼٵģȻαװļƲƵкҪעģ
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Ťͷīݵ֮ǰ˵ڿɻᵢ󣿡
īҡҡͷҪңҺһȥ

ǰаŮ˶ˮޣīݽ¥̶ѨһǮֵĵطﲻˡ
ôһξ˭£
ҡҡӣҲˣǾͻȥЪϢɣ
ȻԽԽǻ¥ֵʱ򣬶ҽջһλƯĲ˵˳̨ûпǣǴȥˡ
һ䣬īݱá
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˰ʶǹȴʶģʱһǻõĸԵλܱøжԴ˼ˡ
ղżʱг̶˵ľͦͨǲ֪ͻʲô֮ǰδ
̹ӣߣòòѾϡĵ˵⻰֮ע⵽һԵĹ䱸
ôͳ̹һ𣿳̹ʶ
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ֹЦݣǹҪҪһȥһ£
Ȼ˵ţĻӭȻҲˣҲټһ𣬵ҲûȥⰭ۵ҵ˼ԵˣҪȥ
Цŵ˵ͷУ´ԼԷ
Ȼֶī˸ƣ̹ӣߡ
īȴûжǵԵȡȻתͷȥϢ
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ֲ̬ȣù˷ݿݣһȻĲÿ̸¾ֹȴͦԹҲԸ⽫ôĲÿߴš
ע⡣
ˡλ̹ӲȥϢ𣿻ȥɡ
ֵλ̹ȷм֮ûйϵ
ЦȷʵûС
.
ȻԼλ̶˹ӳκ֮ǲò˵̶˹ȷʵͦԵֵģⲻô
ٴ̶ˣҲīݵʱ򣬸ں˻ƴ꣬ϻ˵ˡ
Զڿõ˵һīǱȥɰ֡
īȴû˵Ƚһҩƿ˹ȥ
ͷ۽մŵѪղû䣬õ˵Сȣ㲻أ˼Ƥ⣬ȻҲ۵ġ
Улл֡
ҲƿۣȥֻСϵ˿ں棬Լ㿴ʱҲ˿ڣ˻˻£Ҳ׾Щ
վű𶯡ȻȻֺȻ¡
īݶ£ȸС˴ƬĿȶ˺˿䣬ȴûг˿ڡ
ٽǿ鲼ϴ˿ҲСûк۵ĸо
ŤͷԶʹޱ飬ޱӵлл˰
īݽȾѪĲϷŵϣ̧ۣ֣ûظղŸǸҩƿ
īݱ߸СҩߵҪˡղ㲻ýҵҩҲҸҩ

±ӣôҶ׻ᱻƭأףãҲãһױƭҲ
ʵûУֻףǵʱ򣬲ŻῴױƭѣԱ˲Ųᡣ
λ֣ҲƷ˾ҪʲôõģҲҩֽš
԰͵ҿ˵۹⻹ֹ䣬ǻֶεˡ
ī򴽣ҩûΪθˡ
Ĳ㿴ܿʦžûн֮Ĳ𣿡


64 
ֱѵˡ
ͦεӣʱϥһɫӸСȰϣͷ̫üۣȴ˼ɫ
Ҳĵĳֶ죬ţ֮Ĳޣ´μǵˡ
Ҫǵòźá
īݸã
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ϲ¥ƹݶ࣬Ҫǰһ·һݣʵ˼ϢӣȥȲĿûС
īüǿ鱻õ˿ڣؼҡ
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īݴԱߵĵģīһĹ֪ģŵ׵һˡ
ˣģһû˵Ŀ⡣
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һֲīݵļ򣬵ţٴεлһĹл˺öΡ
īؿŰ˿ûѪ
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ֱӰסַ˵ˣαڿ֮⣬ͦȤһˡЦǺðҿɾȥˡ
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ǳһ£л佱
Ҷ͵ܺͣ͵ܿΣɷˣϼգ

֪ǲˣܾù˵ˣ֮ǰ˵Ĵȥ治һ˼
Զĳһˣ޿̡
Σգȴ޿ɱܣٶԶȲǱʵٶȡ
ɫ˸źĽʣڰĿɿڴž˹ŷε֮ϣ˸˲ס
ɫַɻذУޱİӵǸֻ


65 
˵űǸȴޱǸ֮ɫ˭ֻֻզģǰѽԼ۳ˣ˭أ
žһ£ԱֱͱһĻҪš
еȵסҲסϵԺۣŹɵӣȣе㻬
īŹĻõĵԴ˾ͷ󺹣ǸǸðɣ
ǻõ𣿰
ֻīݡ
ī˵ĵһ
ҶˣǲҪؾˣ
һԽԽˣ˵ע⣬У¡
ʵû£ǷҪһӶīݳ֣Ҳֻǻһα˵Ļᡣ
ʹסû֣ûסƤЦⲻЦضīݵϴλֹһң̸һδ棬֪ҿ㲻ʹˣ
˵ŽĿתõĵǾúͻкǾΪԸ˳֮£²ꡣ
񶼿ʼݵʱȴֻīݵǵýԺãҲҪǣˡ

ڷݵĹôͻһ䣬ʵһ£˵ˣħ¾ͱȹĶĵҪŵĿĶࡣƾ£˵ƾʯƾλƾɶҲı£ƾ¹ƣ˲ϣڷʵҲ̸
ȻҲûж翴˳֮ˣǾ㿴˳Ҳǰﳰ൱䣬еģһϵ
ī벻ĹŹɣùҪŭ©򣬵ΪԹ֮˾ɡ
ֹŹֵɣֱùɫתڣձһ䣺̹δ̫ܵ
ǼīԱһվټϸղī˵ġҪǣˡǾָĻҲī֮򣬾һ˿顣
͵̹治ʶ
ε֮ǰǲʶⲻһǰżһΣѳΪѡ
Ҳīݷ빬ץŴ²ţæҿҲˣҪҪȥˡ˵˵˵ȴԽԽΪ͹һӣȥ˴кҲֻЦ
ǸѽؾˣȽȥɡ
˵ͷ
õĵؾȥæĨ˰亹ûֽ
æվīݵǰ棬λǱĳ̹ӽǵĶˣ˼ܡ
ĸͷԵסīݵߣҲѾȥˣīݱջĿ⡣
.
ؾ֮󣬰һ˶ܳĬӴòϢҲѹ֣ҲҶ˵鶼ѹ֣ʵɻɡ
ҶĬѹһ·ջ˼֮󣬰͵͵ԳĹ
Ŀƽﴩнڼ֪˵żСһ·ǰӾһֱεǰ棬ʵҲΪڵģôһ·ţðŶܡ
Ūɴ滻
˵꣬Ӳðп˿ίζ
ɴҲУɴǹŴģ˭ùżǧء
Ǹҿûñ
ܰһЩ߰Ķǳ࣬ҲûһһҲȫˣϾֻ벻ģûû׼ġ
ûгԣת˵ͣ£ЪһЪ
Ǹ׼Ķʵڶ࣬һʱỹڴǷӵĴñ׼ҳڹĬĬע£ͦѹɽġ
ĬĬ˸ܿЩߣҰңҵʱ򣬲УɿæóԹ˵ҵˣϡ
ñҾͶˣϾ֮ǰ˭϶һʱϱ鲻ϾܱסĶͷмҲмָĺӡء
ǸҩҲͿһ£ܺõĿЩ
֮ǰǹͿҩҩҩˮɫһ;ǸûɫҩͿȥλˮҲܸЦ԰ɣ
ȥͳӣԼҩðиѪ⽣ʴӡܼˡ
ñ֮ؾǰһ·ָƽӣҲʼ˵ˡ
ǵ̫ǼӿǰĺĲǴͷ
ߵĺ˰ӦСԵҲ֪µİɣ
ţܣҪǰ档
һ·ϵȻⲻ˻ΣգԽĺΣվԽߡ϶ֶʵǵܿĺĵط
⿿ĺĵطĸʶ˱ܹ衣Χɱ˼ֻޣɨ˼Ƭ֮վĺİߡ
վȴǺˮ羵棬ӳ죬ƯˣһΣյԤ׶ûС
ȻҲΪƽɾ裬ˮ߾衣
ˮǣҲ˵ĺһһľˮݾϲ£ԼĲֻҪҵˮݣͺҵˡ
ΪһԴϲֲﰡﰡҲϲҾۼΧֲﶯҲȱҪЩ
һˮսһʱһ㶼ûæңղŵƽﲻ̤ʵ
û̫õĹǵջѾ½һ·ջ˸ˡ
ǰƬܶԸĹ𣿡·ѹѹһƬ
ƬʽˮһͥԺôһͲöԸ
۲һ֮ԣȽǼֻˮߡ
ǴƬ֦ڴֵˮȻͲöԸҲȻ٣ջֵһԵġ
һҲ˼Ĭǽˮߴ֮ˮܶԸ˾ͶԸԸ˾ֻ¡
һнеĶ˳Ȼ֮ǰīôһԵͦ˻ͦˢӵģҲԼݾͶںȥ
ڣǿˮķӶȥ鶼ܿ㹻ٶȽ֮ߣҲþ뿪⴦Σв
ΣȴЩرˮޣ޴ˮݱʱ޴ˮݾ类˻һһ½뱩ģʽ
֦ҶŹȥ±ʾطҲͬ˽ӿҲг
֮£޴ˮҲȴǵˮҲһУ򲻹ЮŹҪһжȥ
ͦģǧһ֮ʣæ׷ȥҪקȴְкļǿŰһֱ¶ȥҰԽԽ
ˮҲɿ˹ҲǱˡ͹ųţͣ
Ұٴһˮ¹ɢŹεǽǶĵǵ顣
ȿȣ͵ܣҺøжȴ͵Ҳ䵽
˵ʲôҡҡͷ֪Ҫγȥ
֪֮ǰδš
ڴ߿
š
ôߣ
ܿ찲֪ΪβˣǰЩǰȴˣǹҹɱضˣɼǡ
˿֮󣬰Źߣﻹ֪ǸʲôطҲ֪߳ȥ֮ܲٷ˻ǲҪֿ
ȴԸ⡣
һǹżַˣȰ¼ȨҴ˴Ҳûе˿ұһ£Ҳ󡣡
һ͵ȥˣǸ
ȴǰ룬ȷʵǹżҸҪڰе
ҪҲˣôأ
ԣˡڰקסһ̣صļˣ
֮ǰؾ֮ʱʰɷˣգֻѪôڲˣ
ֹǼգÿԺööգǰǳˣǰЩ˶ˡ
ڵ£ڷ⣬۾ÿҲÿҲÿ
ʩ˵ľڡ
ˣǰҪģ


66 
չǰˡˡıϣðУΪֱӱķ㣬ж衣
˱ţۡһŽ밮еĹۣе˲˰ǰʵ̫ǳˡ
Ȼ֮ķҲûȫסӣҲڰŰ۲Χ
ǰСģлء
á
صĹ޻ڵĺۼܿ˲̵£ͬʱҲܿ깬˶Ĳýģʹ֪¹ȥˣȻеľݻ
ǽǶ飬²ŵİʯɫĵƶĿʯ
һҲǶ߳˴Żӭģ󣬿󣬾ʯ󣬽ͷ壬֪ʶḻʵǷȱԸЩ˲ٵʵʾ飬ǱţҲȫɥʧս
֣һ֮󣬺ǽһʱȫƫ֮ڡ
ǻҪҵȥİ취
λںףȴ޺ˮţ϶лִģ˶ȴֻ֪ƤëУҲȻ
Ҳԡʧ棬Ƕʱ仹˵ʱ䳤ˣó̯ӡ
ʵҲ࣬ǱģѪһıʶصĹһӰ棬ǽܻû·ϵ´Ϊĵһ֣ʵǲ˵ģĹѪһ϶Ҳ˹
ĵĵǰȫϵ⣬ͷʱѪһɹؼѪһˣû˸ǰʱˣİǻֱӹˡ
԰ҲҪȥ
ţô˵أʵò£ҲѾסˡϷյ֮󣬰;ʲô¶ܵİٺīݶϣѰգ¡
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Ҳûðʦģ̫αװݡ
û£͹˵Ҫôȥ
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ţҲеھֻˡ
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ˡ
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ǰѶԽԽЪһЪ
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ڰǴ˻ּ֮󣬸ڵĽƣߣҪָţΪõϵȻҲбģʾҲС
вµʦŲףоֹͿöʱĵȻӦܿԴʱҲȣҲ˵ʱ
۲Χõöá
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һԼΪ֣ŵԼʵʤһÿһÿһʽ֪Ȼѹ򣬰ûôļܣȥ֧
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ڳҲûð
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żȴ䷨ѪһţҲϲ˶೤ʱ䡣
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ţ̵ΪԽԽߣҪˡ
ʱԤпҪʿиϰߣǽòղرԵˣǷɹʧܣҲòˣҲǸ
֪˵Ҳ⴦ˡҲĲ˭õģ̫ˣҪ˽ˡ
Ҫ¿ȥȴֶˣͷ֣
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Ҳûľ͵īݽ֮׼ȥڻܾӦû
ڻϵͼʫдţλʿڴ˴һŸˣֻ
λʿ֮һֱӣԽԽǣ٣ֱǶʱ䣬£ֻʱ仹ḻֻ֮ǵĮ԰ס

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ǸڻĽ俴һС֤ǷΪҺ˵Ķˡ
ҺˣǸڵĶߣ򣬼ʹأǰؿõıԴţڵȴҲòá
ڲڵıҪؿϽͣѪһͳֻ֧ţĿҪϵˡ
ǿһ·սй֮ǰҪķݶϣҲǲ뿴µġ
ü񣬻ʲôûȴǱȻһ£ּðѪ飬ֺܿ챻յɢһ㵭ԾõĹȦ
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Ĭһ£ָָڻ
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īݶԴз˵Ʈ浹ûжĤ֮飬ҲΪ˭˭ڶɽӴλַҲ˲
ڸһ£īע⣬ҲеİǰһҺˣ
ղԣæԭ͵ҲǣҲϡ£һй¹ţ͵Һͳ֣ȥ˿ɵҺͳֳԷ㲻ǡ
īĿڹڰצϡ
մѪһŷֽ·Ūˣæ͵ܵ·Ūˣȳȥˣ͵һӡ
ȻӴԼȻ֮ǰɺӴҲƽôһƽָֻࡣ
ЦŵáУȳȥǳԷ
ҪģҪģǮ·һҪ⡣
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īԴΪܸ֮󣬾Ѫʱ򣬿вͬѪͬڰ֮ϣҲͬ룬ͬһ㵭Ȧ
ɻ󣺡ʧ飿ķӦ
Ҳԣ


67 
˵ģѪҡҡλִӰϹ
û
Լ֪ģ
īݽĿתѪһϣ֪
Ѫһվڰߣֻ֪СֻӴС̴Сӡ
īݣ󣿡
ʮš
ʮš
ƳƳͨһ㷱ǧΪ൱൱һ塣ƺ⣬޵츳ʿʵüѡ
Ʈ沢δѪҺҲֻƮĸ磬Ҳīһֱ֧񣬻ŵ˿Ҳࡣ
ҲˮڣȻīݶǹĲ֪࣬ģʮǰδкӳ
кӳҲˮڣ⣬ǵħ
ȻҲܻī֪ѪҲδ֪
īѸ˼ţǺȻĳͷʱһʮ꣬ǰһ꣬ʮң
֣ҪȻǻȿǱߣ˿ãû뵽ƽ޲ӻܻһ档
㿴ţܾʱͦͦڡ
飬ǳȥ˵ֺʲôϵҲ֪⾿Ǹʲôĵʲôġ
İģδ֪ģ˵ʵڵİδжڴĻ鷳
Ҳ֮һ飬ǡԵ֣עǲӱܣԵʱˡ
ڵһƬ˵ջ񵽵ЩǱڵֻ
ֱߵһʯͷĶȻʯͷ־;úܲһһĸо
Ҳʲô
ʯͷݸ۲죬ȴǲ빬û͸һһй롣
ĿɿڴֻȻԣҺ˵ģҾͿС
īɹǿĴʯͷ֮ǧʯӵȼκǷȱʱ򣬶
϶԰öպá
仰˵֮󣬹ֲҷģһҾ͸¶˵껹ġ
ʹħޣҲģģܿ׽ٵġ
ֵ֮ҺλӰֵܲҺˣ۾ˣǸõõģҲͲˡĶֺ͵ƽֿɺã
ʵҪǹճ̵ı´°Կ
īڵ˼ʵѹûЩ֮ϣĽ޲ĥīݾͲʿѹŵر޵֮ࡣ
ȣ仰˵ʵҲīݱȽȻҲż˳ֶָϵıˣǱͬʿˡ
Ѳ£ⶼӽ˺ü㻹õĴ󸻺ȣҲֻܱȵ˼һСָͷɡ
˵ȻīôıأȻȻЩأ߸
ֱӴ͸沿αװ͸ʵݣʮǰ
ڹ飬Ҳصͷѡ
Ҳ˿ΪıƺҲ㳣ܲ˿̫ˣ
ֿܺͰֵˣⷽ򲻹ǲóȥһԷأǻ˵Ļǲܡ
Ȼ߷ڣûпˣ
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ȥˣȥҳ棬ʵͣСΪְ̫ͣݰӡ
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ںˣ˵룬вٶҲõϡ
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ͰͳһھԺ𣬾˵Ǳаųţ嵽ĺһˡ
СһûдؾгȥǲҲȥĵطתת
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īݿջͷá
һڣǵؾ֮зǳ̼ջҲܶ࣬մؾضؾ֮ʱѪһҲص˲֪ĵط
СλӰֺܲ͵ǲԸ˵ҲͲǿ͵ܵļˣʶˡ
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˳粻УҲͦرؾ֮У̰ǰ淽ʶĵһѡ
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֮һطҲСЩڷסҲ˸뷨뿪Ҳ
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Ļͦࡣȴ֪ôิӵС˼ھõԺ빬ϸ˵
ңңīݣ΢Цʾһ£ȥԺȥ˵õԷȥ档
Ǵؾ֮뿪ڻصԼסЪϢһٸʦдš
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Ѫһζûټ£ֱӾ͵ֱؾīݣѷְҺ֮¡
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ڴİ˸磬ȻʾѪһߡ
͵͵СͽܣʵԡѪһǰѪһٰСͽܵŴԺֱӸС
ͣһʱ䣬Сͽܸǰֱ͵͵ϼۣСͽֻܵǲôλ겻ɢİˡ
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ѪһѹµīݻСµ׷ȥ
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һϲħźðŵԣ֮ǰͦİǵʦţ۰磬ǱߵģɵĻҪ˷ħ֮ĸţںˣħޣǳá
īݣ֪īݡī˵űָ˱òټΪվƶ˵֮ˡ
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Ҳ૵īݣ
īݵҺˣҪʦ𡣡
еңǸ⣬ҪȻȥʦ𡣡
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ʦˣīݹȥǷħڴӪף飬ܡ
ֱǻ顣
ӳİȴܿ챻һѸٸˣǱѪһŰߵķɿ졣
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ֻ¹ʧķ򣬰һһգӰˡҲ׷Ҫ֮£߲
ҾѪһīݵٶȣЩܣʵҲ׷ϵġ


68 
ԭصĹ밲īֵʱѪһѾŰӳ˺ԶԶľ롣
˵Ѫһǰߵĵһ£īҲȲϣǾͳʼ䲻ʱȵǵʱ˺Զľ롣
ۿīڽԽԽþͻ׷϶ϵʱ򣬰ˡ
īͣ£ûˣƭ
ôһصĹ㹻Ѫһٴ뿪ԶҲû˹˼ɣеŭ𶼻Ϊϵʽֱīݶȥ
˽սңѷʤҲ˵ĳ̬ӲҪ˵Ļŭ״̬İʱҪīǿЩѹīݹ
īȴôʱȥҪʰ
īݺòѿ㶼ʲô
ҺΪλħڣ
īݵĻŭϻϽͣҲīݶӣЦ˭˲֪Ұħڵӣħ֮ˣҺ޹ϵ
īݣȷҺ󱲣֤֮밲Ѫס
Ѫף֤ӣĸѪ׹ϵī֮˵ðϼӺڡ
ڰīݾǼΪŵժ̬ЦīݣûжԼ֪˭֪ӹƧĸײİƵ˹ӣôܻкӣĻԼÿЦ𣿡
īûⰲĶ๥侲ǰ֪кӣ֪ˡ
ԺὫݸ֪¡īļ򵥣ȻûȢޣͻȻðôһӣ˲ţҲΪ
ЩԽίŰݡ̹̹֪ӡ
īôһĽ޵磬̹
ɰⷬȴҪŭˣҪѸ£
Ҹ㣬ҲҪѪôģ㾡ȥӣǰħ£ԺԶ㡣
һ˾ϲӽħڵӣҲöǵŵЩĵЩ¡
вīȴȻ侲һһ۵صΪѪֻϻء
īû˵ѡ֮Խ֮¿ᣬԼԻ˵ĺö౲ˣǸ׷ԼĳٴҲ׷ѪӣȻζûУһīݲ޴˷׷
ǰûУԺȻҲСֻǿĺӣΣ֮
īͻȻİɣ
ڣסˡ
ʹ㵲סңҲ԰Ϣųȥʹħ֮ڣҲ
ңؾ֮ڣѾ֪ҺˣȻɻ󡣡
īоݣɫ侲һһ侲жŵͱˣðЦ
ʲôʸ˵Ұĵӣһ͹ˡ
ʶô
֪˭ô
Բѣ
סİͣôһֿƲסʼ
ī˵ʶ֪˭ദĻסû˵ð˵Ļ
īȻ˵һһۣʵȻҲǴϻ۵ģ֪˵ʵôͻȻðĵûʸʹκȨ
ͻȻ֪ôһĺӣѾôûо֮ī֪ԼϸȻͻȻѾ²׷ҪԺֲ
ңīݿ֮ǰ֪ݣԵΪӣ
īֲ²⣬ȻֶǶ⣬ԣðڰ
֣īᵽһðܱߵը㡣
¶ֺİ룿˵īˣӦ˵Ǹ˶ܲ³Ĳ⡣
˶ƷĿԼ֪ͦλġ
ǣҽˣոķݶ˵ԼҲü
ʱգҵԵֺѪ
ڣ˵⻰ȴҲָֻīݣĻҪռվƸߵ㣬īǷӶڰǰ˵˵
Ȼǿԣһ㶼ҪīټĻᡣ
ĻҲīܵײİǱΣյʱ򣬵һֱīȥǸСССʱûĴڣīܵġ
īʰǸʲô飿һֱûҵӰŮǴ֪İݣɻţ
˴īϵʽǿһ㣬ЦŵΪһ㣿
УҿûкιϵصʱҲ֪
㣬ǰǷǡʮ꣬ʦݲ
ī棬ֻڰ˵֮Լֵ֪ʱ㱻ƸΪӣҶΪ谮
⣬ѵΪСͿˣ
޷ҪҪôҲҪôԵŲѡֱӶҳּɡ
Ĺī˿Ǻô
īȴʵû˵ĶӵİɲС֮
īݵĶӴɱī˭˭ˣҴ֮еϷֻīݵĶܶԵŲ飬ȻٳīݵĹϵīˮٻīݵĶϸȵȣȵȡ
Ȼûϸ֣еǷŪ
ǺЩ׸һɶˡ
һһζðޣīݳһ˿Ĺϵ
˭İ׽أŲûϵؼǵİ밡
ֱ׳ô֪Ͷ˶ѪôΪ˶㲻ٸԼ𡣡
㣬̤ħڣԺˮˮ˵һ䣬ûϵ
ƷѪһڴҲõţʵڲī˵ꤵĻ˭Ҳ˵ͨ˭ģīһƣȥ
īݣüվ˻Ҳħڶȥ
Ҳ뵽īݻˮһ𤸽ȥȴ벻õķӽ
һѷʤĶ֣ôģȻϣīڰݣðҲ˹ǡ裬˸ˣ밲ܰܵʦͽѪ
ظϵİһһҲûСӵڴֳء
СӿɷҪδ᣿
ûйļ֡
ΪһֱȥһֱС覵ʦġ
˵ѪһͰǻ𼱻ǵص˰
ǣʦأʦģ˵Σ
ʵǳڰߴµһĸʵҲѪš
Ѫʵͦһͷˮģϲȥȥˣ֪
ѪѪһɫѯʣѪһţС»ڡ
ѪŶˣƭˡ
Ѫϴһ˿ǵض԰Сһ˻ָݲɴš
ϴʦŵʱ򻹺úõģҲûգʦһֱôˣʲôŵģ˵زأ
԰ʲô˵أػǲذôϻشС£
СѪѪһȥȴ˭֪ѪһֻǶͷȻ
Ѫţ


69 
Ѫ治ɫض԰һأ໨ʱá
ϳСϿɺãæСҲЪһЪ
ص£š
.
ȥʱ򲽷أҲӭͷԲǣ
Ѫۼطְһ̣Ͼӭǰȥηǳصס˰ߡ
ѪŲƣǵص˵أô߶ôкã
ѪһۣȻɫɫ˲òҰףǵվ߹ʱ򣬿ľǴûİһ档
ʦ𻹺ܼǿأµضԶ԰Цһ£ˡ
ֻЦ˵ʱü£ܿ챻ѹȥ
ϰʦݿɿƵᣬ˳ᢵǿȻʦ𷴲Ҳǡ
æϰĸ첲ʦ£Ӳţûˡ
ǰСһǵظСطϣʵǸտʼʱ˵㣬ںöˡ
ʱ治ð𼱻ǵؽле£ٻȥվڼЪһЪ
ܵʲô£ʦĵ£Ҫʦٻȥ
һɫ԰ˣȴǿµӣ԰Ϊʦ˵ˣھѺ˸š
ǰȴһ˵ôǿˣһˣ˵ô᣿ԼʱҲǱؾᣬ˵һµǡ
˵Լû£ҲûЦŵҶȥôˣʦҲ˵ңһ͸ߡ
ҲЦһ£͸ãߡЩ죬ס߿ɺãȥЩӣʲô˵˵˵ֲ࣬ˡ
ҿЩȻҲܱٹˣɻڳ壬ûܽʳʳֲϿζҪúò
ʮСˣ˵ڳ壬Ҳаɡð˵ݣνΪʦݶѡ
ڰ˵סգûϾʦˣ˼ҵʦ˶Ҫӷչ˵ġ
˼ɵĻ֮󣬰ʰʦôˣ
ǰճȥһˣ˻֮ѵãҲĥ½һ¡ҲΪʦ⣬ֻڱԵһԣȴûƺã֮ʴˡ
ü仹ûнӴǸΣȴ֪֮ж༬鷳ʦԼˣҪĵҩˣûʦ˵ε˺ܶöģûʦõϵġ
ûµģǺʱʱ᳤ЩһôԺԼҲͬð
ҿûУʦԺҪ²Ŷԡ
ûûСðͷȻûġ
һ㶼ûбղؾõеĺöĴóǼڵıضױһص˳
ðܸˣһֱѹֳص˵
ôܻСͽڶأСͽԼžͺáûȰ˵ȴʦֻҪʦõϣ۵ģͲҪ
ʦˣôʦֶʦ
Ҫϴ϶ܾĻ˻ȥ
ȻͼСӸӸ˵ӡ
ҲЦŵˣΪʦϲΪʦҲܸˡλʦЩҲûٻܺöһһǸС
ȴ˵ƽûٴʦʦöκòõóֵģʦʦǸҲû¡
û˵ʲôȴţλֻҪƤ͸ֻһ˼˼ǣʦĶ
ţʦ氲Сš
ȻȻָĵؾ֮£벻ģǱܶᣬΥյ磬ͽɡ
Ҳͬᣬʦأ˵ЩʱīݺͰ£ܿ˵һؾ֮У㿪ʼŰúϢˣԼҪȥѪŸŵסĵط
Ҳͬ˳ƴӦ
ѪŸŵסڰԱһԺӣʵйۿס£Ѫ뿪֮󣬰㰲
֮ǰֻʦ˵¸ϽھҲ˹ġ
Ҫһơֺͬһˣòƻڵеϵ
پʦʦ˺ܲԸǱмΪѵһλ
ҹؼʦΪӣпܾΪʲôݣϾԼҲʦּ޾ͻӡ
üչЩȥ룬Ǳʶܾ͸ˣͻ͵Ŀǰһе͡
ǣԼӱܣѪһǸʦأ
֪Ρ
ǴϣԸ˺ڵãǴϣڲ밲ֱͻðѡͷڹꡣ
Ҫһ·Եڶաİ͸ջİദʱֺܰгԵһһصĺá
ˣףҲ֪ˣȻҪ
ףһͼ״̬ϣף飺
װ˵£ҪΪƭСӣװʵûôģףͿ˶ߣ;è塣
οڰһ뿪֮󣬰αװһɢ
ף飺ʦǣˣ
㲻Ƕˣˣ϶Ǹãǰ¶ݡ
̹Ըףľˡ
ףʦ֮ǰ˵õ𣿲簮óȥԼʱеãҲķӣ

ףſھҭˡ
ϴڻ˵ʲô߰ģ
ףλдѵ
ףһ뵽ķǳпܵɡ
ôܻƵ뷨͹˵ˣʲôңػ˻ָȻܹˣ;ߣ֮
ѾˣףĬһлҪ˵ʦʲôʱٳȥտɻУ

ף飺ʮգܲϰɣܲܰ;ϡ
յʲôͽܣͼΪֻäĿ簮ȻСǰ;Ĳϸʦ˰ɣ
ؿĴͽܣף顣
ò˵Щ꣬ΪĴڣЩʦͽ֮Ĵ͸ֱֽӣףԽԽ֮ǰôηˡ
ڱôһ棬ףڰ졣
Ȼŵ˺ãԻᰲͲùˡ
˲Ǽٵôʲôʱ˺ûԼ˵㣿ף黹˵ȴһֹ
ȴԭҲˣո˵밲˵仰͵֪ˣȵغͰ߹
ֱ״̬֮ǰƲԹɫף֮˳ƹģֱӵʦˣʲôʱ˵ô֪
ֻװĸˣʲôֱָ³ףʹɫϽߡıţǸķǸࡣ
װô棬ͰһַţַԸȥÿСü΢ף԰ͦģ
ĥ˻ջܵûʦȳҸ˵չʦ𡣡
ڸ̵Щİͷš
ֶ԰ҲŪ齣Щ
⼸ʦǾٴ˲ǵһλģˡ
ãġ
ףȻͼӿߵĲӣ뿴ƭˣ۲Ϊ


70 
ף齫ܴȥ֮ͬûģǼ򵥴ֱ˵ʦˣ֪ˣıʡŶˣоʦ˵
ܣˣǺ棬ô˵أ
ףϹһ˿Цôʲô
ʵǱ̨ʾȨ
һ뵱ĵ²Ǻõ¡ҲһѣֲɵͰʵ໹ܴ󣬶һ֪˵ô˵԰һƸĳҰǿĸš
ףʲôЦԼôϣ
Ȳף֮ôͰȴǷΧǢġ
꺮ů᲻۰Ѳܣ᲻һ㣬ĵ졣
ڰס˵չ˵İʵѪչˣĻڰ֮죬˵˵
˵ĵȾΪʦ֮Ҳͬ飬ͻƷʳͬ壬ᵯ٣Ļġ
ʦļӣסҲʱ̱ʦŵľС
һΰڲ²ףǲֶʦܵĽ̵⡣
Ҷˣọ̃
ԼҪôҪôɵʱʲô²ܣ˾һ
ɳжȲŶԣʦֵģôѹͬ˶˦һȥһһҲ棬ʱ仹ţ
ʦûӣѹûʲô顣
ðͦЦҪ˳ʦ˵ţ֪ģɳжȣʦ˵Ķԡ
ûʦӵİദʦѣҲûûطסкβӦÿ컹ͦġ
Ψһ˹ĵľǰƻָ㣬ʵҲΨһķգһֱرܲʵ⣬Ǹصĸǡ

ڰ㰲ˡʱīҲѾ쵽
һס֮ģֻǰסԺڱһڰصʵʵаסڣīݣҪϢػҲǲܵġ
īҲûм꣬ĵס
ҪŪףĺӰŮ֮£аôħЩ֪
ҵ˵С֮µ˺ܶ࣬Ƕ̸λСµĸ֮£̸൱ζ
ĵīҪ֪ʮǰħʱµĲࡣ
Ҳ֪ͻȻһգ汧һСӤţҶ˵ĺأûհ
ǲ֪Сµλ˽ﻹпڿഫСµĸ汾ǵ˿ûзǱߵôֻǿڿഫѣûиӡС
īЩޱ飬԰Щ֮߰ºȤڰϢʵޡ
˻˵˰С飬е˵·ϼС̯С³ĿɺãҲƣе˵ССʱʲѣȴֱ׷͸ϣںе˵С³ִ󷽣ǧܽС¾ͺˡ
ֿ׵ģ׵Ĺڰ£ʵҲ̽Ұãīȴ߲
ѪֵֺĶھǰЩ밲Ϊദ䣬òͬ
īԽԽָо֤ĺӡ
īݺ뿪ǣ׷ʮǰܳȥĵط̽飬оٲʮǰӰŮֹĵطǰǱɨβɾͷ¶ڰκ˿īݲ̽Ĳ˳
.
ʦ֡еһ飬һ淴ϡ
ףЦЦǱſŵһۣ˵İ˵ʦкһ㣬ղ̸£Ӧ̸ˣʦֿȥ
ףһѵװʦ𣿲Ųǡ
ףջǱߣվûв𴩰ȴǽеͼ飬һдҵֽϡ
ȿһۣȻףʦ֣һ濴дġ
ӣܷϽСѧϰ̬ȷǳĹѧףο
ο֮밲˵ôЩʲô᲻ƣ벻ȥ
ЦŵҲƣʦȤܡȣĻͦġҵʦٳȥ
ףǱʱ֪˰ͦ⣬ף鲢ԼˡҳֻץѧϰļˣֻǶڰﲻĶѡ
ѹʮ죬ڡûϻûˣףܲⲻҵ
ף鲻أһף飬б㲻ôֹˣǷָ㲻£¾ȥæͷСʦھ͹ˡ
ףټٵصʦˣæҲܳʱȻв
û˵ĶԻԣȴؾе΢ĬĬСڸв˵ҲͲҲ͡
ҲܼٵЦŵΪʦĹģΪʦοΪʦͦãȻˣ͸Ͻذɡ
ףû밲ײȥ˳ӵõġ֮ʱ԰˵չ˺ʦҲǵÿ
ɵͷ
ףˣ΢ķΧʧȴּϵ鼮ҵ
ǸҲÿЩ֪ʶʦҲͦʱ
鿪ʼʦģϴСӵѧϰȻҪĿ˻ǿţ䲻ʦ˽⻹Ҫ˽ġ
ȿţ㿴꣬Ҹ㰲ŷʦֻУҪʵС
תۼֶؽѧȨȻǷҵֽæҵԼʦܸҽ
ȸҿʦĻܸĽ⣿
ܣܵġףֻ˵Լʦûġ
ʦ֮ʦٽһҲû⣬ÿ˵⿴ͬм˼棬Ҳû
ûסһ˿صôףʲôҸ
û´ʦ֡ʦҲΪҺõġ
ʦҲã֪
Դף鿪ʼֽ̹֮λʦͳСͻмѧֿҸ
˵ģ֪Ϊá
ǵģȻһֱǣҲܾöܺõİȫȻǼٵģҲΪ͸Щӱ̽ࡣ
.
СǰѴˣ˳˳֣һ˦ȥͱ飬Ҳ֪ζвУ
Ͱ˵ʱֹˣ˵ĴǰؾڵһѴӣܸˣ俴Ŵֺÿӳɺܴ
õһ֮ζ࣬ǰѴһ˦ȥķѣ
۵һǰ˹
һ϶⣬ִӣԼԺӵӾһ
ôص϶Ҳ̽ΪʦǰղǸ˵ô𣿡
һƤЦⲻЦӣܵĽŲŻˣЩǰߣڨڨЦŵ˵Тʦ𡣡
Ȥǰȥʲô
ҿǡôѰġŤͷǿȥʦ𣬾˵ܺóԡ
Ҳ¶˵ɫУˡ
뱻ߵף鲻ͬ쵽˶ٷȻԷʱΪԵ̫̫³ֱʦһ⡣
ܵ˵˸ףܣ֮⣬ԡˡӻǷǳģϣһֱȥ
ǲܵģһֱڰ⴦壬īҲһֱôĵصȥ


71 
ҹĲīݣǹ
նģǸ˷ܣ۵ʱ򣬲ûܺúø˵仰˾ˣָε˻
Щӣߵ˿ɨĸɸɾȰһͱ֤Լĳ⣬׷˻ԺĳŮһ
ζ˻ȲȥĹⲻͰŵȻ׷ô
ȻԽǰԽʲµ˵ʵݣĻδǰ·
ǵһôģɲǻôˣӭͷֱϡ
Ǻõģֻħתתʣ˵涼
ʵûУħɭϣǹСµ£ԳСѵˣڲȷʱ˲ҵϢܿʹ˰
ʱڸ壬֮ǰʰҪƽ֣ҪӮ䡣
⻰ʵðߺߣԲѵض԰Ծɷ󲻱֡
˵ĺ֮ǰ̬ɣ棬ͷҲ̧ٴУӻҲסֲҰܾơ
һӣ
̧ͷѸٵáһ㶼ԭҲܿüЦص˹ؼһӣҲ˾ơ
üЦȻҲˣֿá
ȴ;ϣȵô
һ˵֣Ҳһҳ˭Ѫһпһͼˣȥ¥ˡ
֣ӡ̣Ϊīݵһ´ͰעŵСˡ
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ͷԣʶһλѣʦȥ
ѹɣҲô
á
֮󣬰԰ʦ˿Щ²˻ǿԵġ
Ȼָؽһ¹ؾҪָм౦Ҳܱ侲֮£Ҳ֪˿̫üҳʦǷĵѡڰӡ֡
ЦŵģѺôͣ㶪ӡ
Ĳ룬ɱĴĵļǸŹ
ʵĵĶˣʱˣ·˷񣬲ǻҫ˵͵ׯ·ߣǰҲˣһͺòء񣬵䵽ȴһ¶סϱҲˡ
ʱ򣬾ðȻбͣտصðò̫ͨЩֱʩԽԽðÿǸеˡ
ڣһ³еˡüëӣͣһϣ˫ӯӯЦ۾ֻӲӰ
ĻʦĻ߳ˣǰ˶Ȳһͷ˿
桢ÿ
ܿһһҹգۣ
ôгôأҲϲ̸£Цݣսʱӣһϲ
עϲ
ʵֻǹ֮Ķʧʱ仹ûйȥܾãȻðһϡ
ڻȻ󿴵ĲæȵǸʧʧ񣬿ܣ
Цŵҡ֮ǰһֱûݣ˵ǸŶԣ֮ǰֻǲϳϣ
Щ͵صû
ڻȻеĹȻоϵߣȻתƵϣ¹һ飬æһ˸ղŵʧ̬¼ظʱ̬
תǳ죬Ӹղŵ޴ִһ±˷棬ֹȫӽŵͷͷ˿ϵʶˣðɴۡ
ȴ֪أȻղŲž˵ò˶ҪԵɵˣ֪ڿ˵ʱ
ΪƸӵķҲλƽҲܷ⣬ħڣħǰǲġ
Ȼħղʧʱһ£ȴ΢Цġ
ǣȻħЦŵģֱӴ͸ͷƵϬ̽Ȼûпԣִλߵƣֻǵһ۾Ѿľò΢ЦҪˡ
Ҳ֪ǲĴܾðƣȻƺ׵£еصȻѣﲻþ
źáС£ΪλħݣΪǰʦ𣬹СЩ°йٲá
аգȻǸղŵʧλˡ
£ȲʵôˣΪң뿪ĴæЩʵû¡ôԶеɻ飿
Щǵģû¾ͺá
Ҷźˣһ㣬Ҳ߶ͣʱ䣬һûߡ
һ˵⻰;еСĵȥһۣǰʦȻЦǳǳûκ
Ȼûвԣǰûǿʱ䣬ɿĵطͦġ
ҿ֮ûʱȥʱ²ܳţźȥˣԹҡ
˵ſ΢Цŵԣ档Ҳôһ׻ѣڲ빬ס
ֱ֮ڵЩģǰҲܵôʶȤʦ𣬸Ƶһֱ˵Ŀռ䡣
԰ڻǵģȥЩ¡
Ȼһվ֮󣬱΢Цŵ˲
ΪȻֵǸҹһѪһż֪˴˵ĵУ˴һ˾ͽװӸ
û֮ǰѾϲˣ֮ϲ
ҰܾùԾ԰ԾɾﲻԾأü
ڰһ뿪֮󣬹˾̱ղŰڵʱķΧһ
̿ôʦ𣿸ƽʱһ㶼һҶҪˡ
æָڴǰҡҡͷʦֲ͵
Ȼ˵ֵ˻̬ɵ˿ǿ˵еҲ£ǾʦҸм˵ġ
ȻФλĵӣҲ֪λܲܿݱǵ޻Ҫ鷳ԼԼġ
Ҳ֪ԸԸ˽±ȡǿԿŮ
һЩ߰ģһ߸пû뵽
ݣͲˣ
æҡͷûУʲôݣʶĶ㡣һ˫һϧڰǰ۸Ϲӿˡ
˾ۣ࣬ղڰǰǲ
ЦŸﶼЩģЩóԵģҲһЩǰ£ϵЦݾһֱûǰȤ˵Ҳÿ˵òҲĿ
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˵ĵ죬ȴûɵķꡣȻȵر˳ȥȴһֱʱأһаʱˣֻȥˡ
ȻؽȥȻصʲôôˣ
ȻֳģʽȻаͦڣɻһ
Ȼǿضȥȴᵽʦ˵ѹθԵİɣ
дûҪ
󾪣һСҪϡȻʦģһ漰ξͺġ
ΨɫظǣипħڵϵӲõȻλߣҲûٳԿ࣬һۣһ¶ĵøϽЩУȡܵðķģûðʦͬ⡣
ʱȴ˲ϹˣҴҸ˵棬ڹߺ󣬾ͷɿ鷿
ѹߣп˵㣬Сżæŵ鷿ܵɸֵؾСûϢСͱϴԵģʦģ쵽ڶûܶСеһǸλ
ףΪڸ߹ףˡ
Ϊ˵깦֮ף黹ҵʦ˻ûã
ôΪʦ˵ģ
ף飺ʱ乻˵İɣҲһֱôȥɣչ
Т֮ͽ£Ӳصտ㣬˺õĸ
˵ĸƵģ˭֪⡮ˡô£ξѹˣףҲҪҪ˵
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ʱ䶼ôãףҲڴʦ簮ͽ˼άȦҲˣʲô飬
ΰڵ˵ͷ
ף飺Ըң
û˵
ף飺ǻΣգ
ֻ֪ڲ˳ȥС


72 
ף뿪ʱɫͦأ̫ףʲôΣ϶ǵģѵ
϶Դ±տڲ̸ؿƿףеǡ
ͼˡʦ˵ĹҲÿζΪɺûɣðͦ˼Ҳ֪ͣá
ʦ˾ôתһЩȻûȫãһʱ䣬ҲðһһҲðʶ˻֮ѲѰ졣
վ֮ǰȥǱ԰ߣʦ¾ңܿ졣
ҲǲŷǺóһʱ䶼ûгˣһֱ⼸Ժӹת
һС¿ʾ
кҪʾģҾڸߡ
˵Ѿţ֮ҲͬǲӦ˵ǵͲʲô˶ɽģ˵ô䶼û⣬⼸λʵҲ϶ڽʲô
ҶСֲǡ̬ȣһԥѾ߳ȥһξ룬λһۣ˺ܿ뿪ǻǵý»㱨ϡ
䣬紵ɳɳ죬䣬ͦĿġȻһӾ룬Ҳֲ֪ܲһҲᴵӡ
ĸʵͨǸƫʵһЩʱ䶼ˣȫЩ
壬ᵯ٣ͨĻᣬǺܾͨʱ࣬ʱġ
Ҫ۶ϣ
ŤͷȴһģҲǿӣֵ˼
û˵ǾȵʦǱ½ң
ҡ
¸Ӿˣ
һʵǲɱģī֪֮󣬾۰Ӷϲġ
վԶŰīݵӰȻҲûǰȥֻһ˫İһֱ֪һյġ
ԶİΪղŶ𾪼ˣô᣿
Լ⡣
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ЩܲȫǼٵġ
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73 
˵ĻĴܶ࣬˫ϣд˭ǻ˵ٶҪ
ŵûС
ţҺܸˡ
ĬһʲôҪʵģ
ջֱ˳ʦΪʲôΪӣ
Ǹѻش⣬ǰȴɿֱ˳ܺá
룬Щҵĵ쾭壬ɡ
СʱرֿɰûôɰСӣСʱ붼˲ȣҪָιˣô˲ϲ
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ʱ򣬰һ£ʿԼֱرΪԽߵʱֱЩǵÿأһԤԤС
էһܻƵɣһ˵Ƶģһǻƾϲ²ܾ¡
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ͽյҲ̫ԣֵǮ˰ɣ˲š
˵ҿΪʦԼ⣬ԼֱȻͽôõĵӣ
۽ҪǮ㶼ˣôã
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ŰȻͽɲ֣أɲΪʲôΪͽҵĵӣϣΪĺܸߣɳĿ̹;ǣ㵱ʦġ
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ֺܿѹֻ۾ɫɻЩ԰⻰Ҫڴʦ֣ʦǰ˵ǻԴסʲôģʦŽᡣ
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ף԰˵ȴǲôţ˵ףˣܣΪħڶ¹һ£Ҳľȫ˼⣬ֻƽʱת˼ˡ
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򾪵īҪ߰СⲻУԣͷʦ𣬾ԲܴӦ۲
ף飺ף飬˵أ
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оǺȥ½ԱīݴűܿҩһأӡҲ϶Ǻӡ
ټȥǣīݣ롣
ħޣԵޱȽϰݣټīǻĺпֱαͷ׾ƭСӡ
֪Ҫʲôʲô𣿡
ܣིòȻīݵĻ
Ȳü˵ִ̫淴
ͶЩʦֵܼ以ذ£ҵĺãļңҶ벻
Щʦֵӣԡ
ܣһһɣ
ҡͷʱҲ˵˲ŲŪЩĻˣҪСȻԡ
ֿף飬ϴڵϣҪܶ࣬ף飬㣬ҾͲý˰ɣ
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Ϊһ㶼ף
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ǵͷҪߵʱֽסǡ
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ܺף뿴ΪĺƤס


74 
ɰȴ޲˼ǼʦǾĴ٣һֱ
Щ˵Ҫȵ˵ȣ԰ҪףΪ˵û
ףܣ
űˡ
.
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еҡ
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ףЦ˹ЩʦѵͲˣ
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ͷǸǵǱߵģңǲǲ̫ã
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ҹİͿ˴õĻȵİĲգվվļĹ
ϲǼЦӣܺÿ˼ҲҲá
ɴʱǸЦȴûãĪۣ뿴


75 
ŹڿСʱЩС⣬ȴȻ
˵С»йӹȥò͡
һ£Ȼʿһͱòͣп͵Ʒʳȣһ쵹Ҳǳ¡
ã͹ȥ
Ҳͦˣоѻͦӡ
ò͵ʱͲôˣôоλǶô
һٷԵձ
ţԼ˶ѹɽ
ͣһʱ˰ɣ˵㻹ôòȥɻ⣿
в˵ĿæͣסЦ¶쳣òػش⡣
һʱˣ֮ǰѾ˿ɿϣżҲ㷽㣬Ҳ޴£вڷǶš
ֵ֮İΪҵŵ￴Ĳ٣Ҳǳ˵Ҳԣʱ䲻̵ˣҪȥһˡ
˵ܻҪҪȥǣ
ҪġڻС
ЩźֻҪȥǾҲ˸ˣҿҪˣܶ㻹˵Ҫһ𿴿ģȻûʱ䣬򲻱Ϊѣ㵽˷ټҲһ
æҲæȻΪЩڷģȴûҪæġôãҲûܺúΣͦ˼
ҲתͷάЦݲ䣬Ķµԣڳתת
Ȼ⻰˵֮ΪѵȴԼ
һǲ빬ڰ߻ƣֵīݳ©ϰ
ԣ͹Լȥһգѡβں
ûǸīƻǰŰ͹Ⱥ˵˵ЦЦҲϳ´Ƶġ
ƣͺܲܡ
Ǹû¿ǼСôʲô
Ŀ㽫ĺ󱳸ùɻѰѰ
ôˣ
ҡҡͷû£ܾڿҡ
Ҳڿ㣬ﻹкܶʶģ治֪ʱ򶼻ݡ
һһ䣬ЦŵҲÿ
һǣúÿÿݣϸƢõĻ㷭
˵˵⻰ˣ۾ôģݵ㿴ŻܺÿЩǰҲˣ컬ൽ
ҵᣬæԼֱ磺ʲôĶǹȥʽˣʱᣬӶ˳һµġҴؾһͽǼˣߵ⼸£һ˶ûǹ
ۣףΪʲôôͻȻԣ
ؾ֮ǰĻֱɷˣȴ¿ˮɶҲ˵
ƾжϣǰ֪ˣֱӸܳɵĿԻûС
ĹȻʵտݹҲô£һȲȶԻ߹£ȺĶˡ
г϶Ϊοͽн߳ɡ
ɵ˵ңôţȻԹôӰ
˭֪ܿ϶ص˵ͷ
ѿôҪðˣΪûнôҪҪ˵ǼһѧóģദʱҪࡣ
ÿҲ࣬ȴϵر¶˿ģоߣҲܲһ˾ú
⻰˵ģð첲˹ϾøһܴغУҲ㵱ѡҲãǰܸˣҪȥ¥ʵ˲ôڣ
ϼĹôһ˲ʧ񣬵Ϊ˵ĿϲŰˬʵЦݣӣľľ룬ǲǰ˷
ȻϵֽûҪҪǵİ
濪ʼ࣬һλ͵βĿϬضŹļ硣
ܲϲ
ϲھ뽫Ƴȥ
ҲȻӶŵĵطȥˣΪҪȥܿ赲һҪˡ
ȻղŰĿһֱ˰͹ϣô뿿ˣˡ
ûжˣǵʱնīݡ
ˡڰ鲻ãīٵĿЦݶûС
īݱס΢ü
ɽһжԶţϵ˶о˲ԣ׷ƿߣֻС͵ۡ
С
һ˵ĻӦ˵īκͼ˵Ļڰﶼܴ㡣
Ŭƽͣīݵ̫ͻȻûнܣЩһֱãڸõ㣬ܲ˷
ī΢˴ð˵ĲԣûС
ʱһֱ鲻
Ȼ֮ǰСһֱദĺܺãīҲ֪ͻȻתıʣСҲ֮ǰˡ
īǴȥŰ͹Ӱʧһ¥
ҲīڽϴͬŰ͹ʧıӰյǹȥ̸
Ǵһ¡
Ҳ¥Ȼûж̸˼Ϊܽ˽ȥֻǷīݶѣܣҲ˵䡣
һֱʦǸҲʦ񡣡˵ţ갲Сʱ͵ǿɫĶʯ˳ʱҵġ
ֻīݿһ£˻ȥСﻹܶ࣬ǵĸԸ𣿡
ǿʯջصʱīȴûջ
ʱҲ̣Ӧ֪ĺܺá
£ϰϰǣýߣӦܹ𣿡
ΪһףҪΪӶ࿼ǿǣĺ֣ܿ׵ģôȸĲǿ֣鷳أ
Ű׻׻գ˵һһӣīϵϢһһ
īվҲǸԼᶨ֮ˣô֮Ϊλᷢǰ֮£
Ĭǰף¼Ӻһ£Ҳīǰһͷ
ȻһѾΪ䣬ٷ
˵ʱ永֮˽Ѵãǣʦ֣˭ףȥǰ˵ʦֻԣīûаСʱûкܶദ䣬ûСɵĸ顣
Ӹһһ˰죬ڵֻֻСǸǣδذɡ
Цôģǻ鲻ȻΪΪʲôŲ֣ΪΪīݵĶӣĶôͲһϵûС
ī˵ȴһ¹˲ˣȻһۣҲȻ
˵һ£֮ǰʱ򣬰͹һңīǸڡ֮˵ڽ£֣͹ˣſȤ
ڰī͵͵ҵſһ죬˱˵Ҳû͵͵ۡ
īΪʲôտʼסȴסأǲǳֵĽкУ밲˵ʱ򣬴ս˰Ķ䣬ǰƵ
հôĹǴС˼ģûС¹ײĲӶķ
С¹ײû£ͱ˾·˦һߡ
ɽɽŭǵīݽһ˦Զתͷ԰ڵļɲôСĻ˵Ҳߣ
ʲôģ

ŭīݵĻĻ죿
ȵȵȵȣʦᣬ嶯


76 
ʱҳһţ˶￴˹ȥ˵ĶǸĿǵĹˡ
һͷ󣬺òײŽزܿ˵Ŀ⣬ҲǺλеŭл
ͬʱҲǽǵͽӣû͵װ
ҲŹǸղŽкõ˵̫ЩԹյĽ˵ðǿžͽǶȴλˡ
īݺͰȴһɫûкתڰһһţԹûļƺơ
ԹĻ죿ô£
īǶ԰㾹Ȼ˿ûо죿
ûйīݣ豭붪ڹϣ˵ﲻԾԭˣ
һ±ҿ
æץסҪ˵֣һֱӻīݺΣûе£Ķȥˣ
ȻܵĶ棬ƱƵĺǹŲӼѵµġ
ץŰ֣Դת
㣬׷㣬ҸֵĻᡣ֮仰羪׽䡣
Ȼ֮ǰţڸһ㶼ǺõıʱҲܷԼİ
ԹӲͷƤˣڵʱԴһ˿ϣ
ͷһ£Ȼ𾪣ȴ˲һѱסŭֵİİ˸ˡ
ʦ侲侲Ҳǲ֪ûʲôġ⻰˵İеŤʵһеģҲᱻռʲôˡ
ǼĹŮ˸۸Ƶġ
ΪҪƽϢŭģȴû뵽סİܿŭ侲ء
Ź뿪
Уûлᡣ
ĴðǸʦԶԴ˲⣬ֻǰĿڰ
ǸҶû뷨
Ȼ֮ǰ򣬵ǹ֮󣬻˶Ȼ
ǿЦһ£ţʵ֪
ǻһ롣
ɱΪԺ͵ʶ˰ôҲͬЦĺѿ˿ܣЦĻޣ֪ˣľܾ֮ȴһ¿һǣ룬ܡ
֮෴ľܾð˵㣬ǹĻðһ㶼ð빬档
ߣǻȥ˵űǣ˰¥ȥ
߳һ·֮󣬰֣һһһСǣһֻϣȻȻ
ǽղŻȻˣһϲӭˡ
һ죬ֹīҪߣһ밲Ľǲֱ׳ӦسϦԣһǲǱ˴Ҫġ
Ǵ˳´׵ᣬһֶ֮Уīŵʱ߻һڲ֪ܸһ㡣
Լ̬ԣʦľԼͽమףҲ̬İɣ
һӣòƻססˣ°ӣʦ𡣡
קôһȻʦ˫Ԩһ㣬֪ΪξļһȻ;ôʱʦΣյϢ
һգۣͷֻǴѣֻһ˲䣬ָֻ˶԰ºͣôˣ
ղŵֹһҲˣڰѯ֮󣬰һߣҲ˳ſȥǱīݴӲ¥һֱڡ
ˣ֮ǰҲˣҪȥ
īݵĿҲͷš
īݿԲܰĻ̬Ǻӵģվûٸȥ
Ͱ߳һ·֮󣬰ͷܿվԶ
ĬĬͷתȥӿϵҲ֪Ǹʲôζ
Ȼ֮ǰīദ֪ͦýи׵֮ȴ֪Ҫôˡ
һ˵ǽȴҲ׼ȷ
밲˽صĻȥ
ȥ֮󣬱һҹӷȥű㵽˰Ժǰ
ҹǸԺ鷿ȴȻŵƹ⣬ȥ㿴ſϳ˯ˡ
첲ֽҳϣ첲մī϶ͷҲ˺īӨ׵⼸ۼֻСèƵġ
龰ñζԵóصİſŲЦ
иŹ֪С˯ˣС鷿ʱϲҽģ֮ǰͱֹˡ
ֻǰȻо˶һ£۾˸죬ǰﺬ˾䡰ʦ𡱣ֲԸˡ
ʱλѾ˳ȥڽͰˣŰȻŵ۾̵۽һСͶСƬӰŰϺϵһСīӡ͵ĵƹҲӳİĿ
ſţָ˯˵ϣȴûнīӡջָת˱
Ϊ֪ǰֱڴϱӣҲûѣֻǱűӷ˸ȫҲǳˣŸϡƵġ
֮ʱˣҲ⣬ȴûҹһֱûߣΪֹġ
԰ʦϴ
ͷ
ܿ죬ܻ԰£ʦ϶̨ˣ㶼ңҲҲһ¡
԰ĿߣȻⲻ°ѰŪ
ڰĿ£ܹڸ
ﻹõŰԼϴͺˡ
ϴĺžգʰɾûС
ˣĸԼƵģǸ³æɾˣɾˡ
ںã֮󣬰óһдҵ壬ҰѺдˡ
ԣڰһ֮󣬰ֻ˰鷿
հдĶԼī۵ˣǰܳһ顣
ûдĺ벿֣Ҳдˡ
Ժ󲻱ذҹдЩʱ䲻Ҳûϵ
ʵҲǣҹֻ·ңԲһֱ鷿īݵ£Ͳ͸¶ˡ
Ѱдֽò˵ҵ֣ҲǷǳϸһҵģΪԼ˯ǰдġ
ȫԼ˼·Ŀǰѧʶˮƽţмˮͦⷽ˵ʦͦϸ
һ˵͡ȻʦҪף
һҲܽ׵İɣ
ôܣ
Լʦ𽿳ӵûԭЩ
ƫʦһߣ˵˭뵽ʦʵֻ
ǵʦʦֻῴġ
ŵᣬ
ˣдּҲģ˸ʮʮǳģܵˡ
ǣǣҲСҪȥд
ֵסջȻֶ԰ȻʦдһǺܸжģһúղغá
˰ùҲҲûա鷿˱飬ŰдĿڰרעĲϣб㽾
㡣


77 
鷿һƬֻǰſţҳϵȴԶȥ벻ȥˡ
հԹܾĻڶ˱仯ԹûǸ˼γǣ
ǻˣǿȡᣬǷϣô˿ǿ
ԵమҲ
ʦдˡʷ֮ŤͷȻ󺰵ʦʦ㿴ʲôô񡣡
ѳָǱϣȻһ·棺ⱾдĻС
㶼ǰôãǳȥߡ
ð
ɢ경ָ°Ĺ죬Ȼһ˻飬µġˡͰһϣС硣
ЦſԱߵİҶӣ⿴Ҷӵ磬Ȼ²ظ˵ҶӵĲͬ
ʱ˳С
úܿͱףˡ
ףһҲûʰε⣬ʱ䷴˼һ£Ƕ԰̫ڰ𹦿
Ǻף鹦ǰҲһ̵档
ǰף֮󣬸ղŵʵķΧףһ¸ࡣ
ȻǰԼõģףλЦ˵˶ûá
ţֻ˵ǰܶ۵ףܣֻиķݶ
֮󣬹ҵ»ǵ˵ģԼת鷿ȥ
бףְѧ֮£㶼Ҫʦ֮λһֱ䡣˭ʦ
ĳͷֶףֽġʦݵΪִЩ
Ͼʦݣĳ£Ҳ谭֮
ڰʱףѾ˰дҵֻǣٿףһֳһֽ
ףôдݣ
ףôȻһʣǿȥ
ףУףеһҵаɨأһû
ʦ𣡡³дŵף飬ʹѹ˵ҲĲš
ɫϹʲôǿˣСʦҲĥĹõˣϽȥ
һȲҿʹļ̬֮Ĵʦ֣Ҳҿɫʦ
ףһС
֪ǺõģдĲ

Ǻõģֻʦ𲻺õ˼£
ףѾˣʦֵĵԽԽˡ
Լʦ¶ԹıԹðûסЦҲΪʦãʦǵĵӲԽԽ󡣡
һݣ֮õģҲֻһͽʲô£
ȻСӾôʵعȥҲͦãҪԵģܲ
һհʵ˵֮£ʦԽ֪
ʣûͼ̸ܶתƻ⡣֮˵ˣ˵ģʮʮȫˡ
֪ǵұѣǰҡ
ſң㣬ͽ˻
û˵ǵǰҾǴ㽫ɱˣ˻ҲŹֻ˵ҵһ
û˵ǵԭ˵滰ġ
֪Ͷɡ
ҳңһ˴
ͷ
Ĭʦ֪֮ǣ
ǱУؼʬǣ˷㡣
ȥ
á
ǴǰƬ̣£ؿͷ
·ϣӰŮϣǸֿŮӡԸĸʵӡȻǰһһ굽ͷܼһεŮԺӰŮīݶֲʵ֮С
ǵ㴦ʱĿʼ˲ͬ
˵ʱҸϽΨҶѡ
ȻŵʱǸСӤҲ˵ģŵ
ĸΣ֮ΪǸӴһ·Ǹ˾صĸףΪ㣬ĬŸͷ
ӦЩġ
ͬӷǰ뿪ллллЩ޷֮¡
ڰķϸһ£ĵ¶԰İο
΢΢ͷɱҡĸ׵˻𣿡
ɱˡ
ŵħЫһλкħޣ˵˵ЩڵӦ˵ڽõġ
Ŷ˰Ҳá
ĸ׿ɻ׽֮ˣ
ҡҡͷڶ԰֮ϸϸ£ֻǺӰŮͳҵƶ֮ң˵ﲻӰŮСʱ򲢲ӣֻ˵ʱҲֻӰŮԼ̤֮ͽֻвͳ鳾ˡ
ĬĬţ֮󣬶԰Ҳŵġ
һ֮󣬵Ҫ𣿡
ϣҲ֪
ôҪ뿪źµĵӡ
ֵܿʦֶʦҲ᲻㡣
ڸ첲ϵԴŤȥһ㣺ʦô᲻Ұ˵ü˵ġ
֪ΪΣ뿪İڰоؾЩɰ
̹Ȼ԰᲻ãܵ뿪ǲ҆ˣ
ѽܲʦֱ׵Ļڸ첲ϵĻȸˣֻǱԼסˣȻסǣȴûеס΢۾ĵЦ⡣
뿪ġ
֮̽ǰΪνʦţΪΪͽˣԼģܵģεεĹذӣԸȥš
⻰۾Ȼһǳá
ص֮󣬶ȥ˺üˣֺ鶼ûʧĴӦɸһֱĴİһŶ衣
˵īݹһʱ򣬰ζȻڳ˼֮Ӧ
ǰӦˣܺףķӦȴܴ
ܴصʲôСŵģʦֲīҺף飬ǵĵϣʦôԽСˣ
ܶʼǲ֮ǰ룬ϱĻ⣬īǴʲôЭ飬Խˡ
ףҲͬͬȻīôϵǵ㸸ӹϵʲôҪģҪǣࡣ
ףȻīݴʲôЭ飬ȴҲīºִܵ
˵ħ޶ԸӹϵҲûôҪǾڹˣϵħﶼҪϺܶࡣ
ֲīģȻϵ
ȳܣʲôˣӵĹˣ
Ȼֵֻ˵ٿ˵ô
İȻһͷðͷĸף˼Ҳġ

ѵؽϵһ飬Ȼ͸Ƶһ


78 
Уۣվܣұվף飬վ˵֫УҶڼīݸ
īʼһ룬վͱùŹֻ֣Ǽ򵥻кļڻɶ֮ơ
īóһһ䱦ȲϰĸУóöǾõĳġ
Щϡ䱦ǰף鼸ȴһ¶κδ֮ɫ
Ǻ⣿
лôСĸīȻźûн࣬һоΪźħȷʵǸ˰ʮꡣ
īݵĳĵлڶĻ⼸ȴô¡ôЩͽЩϣΣ
ƤЦⲻЦò˸лǸģĶѡ
īݼֵҲҸøġ
ȴֻЦžܴǣǲաᶨ¶á
Ȼ˳īݵϵĹϵ֮󣬰ܵĴ̼е󣬵Ѿǿػָ˹
˿ûīǰһ˼Ͼûнɸף鲢
ǾܲлƴǲÿīҲڽտ־ŪĽӲתСţļ񡣡
Χ۽ֵĻһİǲҪȥģǣ̫ˣò
īȴлֱ͵˰ԺõԺ϶ϸ߷壬ЩԴõϡҲԺ֮Ļ֡
īݽﰴڰŰʮŷݣᲹϡ
򽫰һֶš
ŪһģЩ˶ô
ף΢ЦŵʦֱˬЩ˼¡
Ҳܹ⣬ʦС;棬ãƽ
˴ǵ̫ͻȻЩ
ԣȻīǰѪԵûȴǸߣڳĸ밲ĹϵҪϤܡ
īݵҸӦʱ䡣
⻰һ͵ͬ˵Ӧʱ䵽ˣ˴ߵ˼ҪףףҲЦת俪ʼĦָ
ǵġߺܶ࣬鲢û̫仯ݵض԰ȻǸļ񣬾°ɡ
ֶīݵʱȷʵȥͦˣȻҪ̽¡
īݵͷá
յǻƵʢζȵķӵζȴܼϽķΧ
ķīݶһˣԶԶġ
һԵĻҩζǰһȫճ⣺Щһֱס
ڰĻīݵȻʱش𣬴Ļϸļҿջĺŷ䶼ˡ
ףīݵĻ֮󣬵һֱûţ
īݣҲ
ҪСȥ
žܽϵȴһססˡ
±֮ͣס۾Բİļһ£һ֮ŵ˵⡣
˿ҪܸʦǣīݵͷȻ
˿ܱ֤ίûī˵Ҫ֪ħ£Щ˵ĹŰӣνĳħǣ
ǽģɲΪ㣬ھҪʲôίˡ
һһлҲС
̧ۿҲתͷ԰΢΢һЦһ̤ʵĺһ㡣
īһ㶡
Ҫ˴ߣǲҪȽЩ
īݣһġ
һҲܽ˴߰
ҲɻؿǰǺܺ뿪
Ļû˵꣺㽫Щ֮˵ҲԣΪ˵ƭ㣬Ҳ͸˵ˡ
Ժ㶥ҲǿΪһż̽ԣ߲ߵĻԺҪ˵ˡʵż̽Ҳǲģ˼
ϤϲԸ뿪
īݵĿ⣬ѵһͷġ

ҪңģûղҲԵġ
˵ܱԵظСϲԵСš
ףҲƵģҲЦŸһӲˡ
īڳһˣܣʣīݶһˣһƵġ
īݿǱߣ߱ʵҲ֪ЩϲԵģҲΰԷʱûע⣬֮˼ǿ󣬵Щദٴλ֮ʱѾ֪˺ܶʱûĵط
Ȼദ࣬īݶ԰˽Ҳ١
һЩķ꣬īݵҿȥСסĵط𣿡
īݱȻ࣬ǰܾīﶼڴ
źõģҴȥ
ȥĲīݺͰˣϳԷ˶ȥˣðīݵദ
밲ڵԺӣף˵ѼܻҺֵġ
ôƯֲƫֵľСʱԼСˮͰһ㽽ˮš
һ춼ܿ飬˷ܵʳߣˡ
ҲǸʱϸһĨЦݡ
ԣʱСļС͵͵ˮÿ졣
ţһ¸űˣˣҸȹġ
ŴͰһǳβŵصģ
Ҳȥʦûи߹ҡ
ֶΪС¶ѣ㿴ٿޱӡ
΢ǣҲŲޡ
īݺ㰲Сʱ£⼸֮Ƶܶȫ⣬ȻīݲǸ֮ˣ˵Ǹ޸еˣ漰ȫų⣬Ҳо˲ܡ
һ˵ļƣûнȫԺīݽܣ˸Σůﶼŵӣ˵̫Բ
첻䣬첻̣õӣҲʱ
ӣǰˣΪͽԺʯʯȫʲôģֻһʡ
ߣǰģǸףģֻܸġ
ҲʶϺף鶼ڸһ֮ǰīݱӲǱӣ۾۾̬ȣü顣
һһȥģǸͰһôġ
ʶҺͰСһģͶȥӮСʱͿʼˣǸʱûôߡ
ССʱȻȲңҶ۾ȡ
˵ֽһֻͶ
īͷǸŹŹֵֹĿܣ·𿴵һֻôߵСкŬȥȥЦ࣬Цá
ÿЩ˵Ĳͻ䣬еĻ䶼ûȲˣʱزûгʱ


79 
ǽܵԽ࣬īݶԣֽźԽԽ
źŲܼԺ󰡡
īݺܿͼᶨĳ뷨һֱǰĽޣźȥ
īѾ֪ðߣ˵һʱת
īݺܿҪӿջħڵɽðһլԺðСԺӡ
ҫеܣڳīǺͰϵжöãȴ֪Ѹĳλ˶־
īϸϸ۲찲סҲΪԺõԺӶزġ
ֻǣСʱûס𣿡۲ϸ΢īʵ
Ŷסʦ
īݣΪʲô
ǰʱʦˣڲˣҲðˡ
īתͷ񾯸档
īҲƣһֱ㲻ǢգֶȻˡ
ǰɻ󣬲īջվûнҴװһ¡
ԺӸι꣬Ǳ㿪ʼһһ䣬һһظϿˡ
ȻīʼձҲûҵͰദĻᡣ
īݿŰ´㡣
仰ɹףǼü
е޴ؚGһ뿪īݣֿ˿ԲףǼҲ֪ô졣
ǰ費ۣ˾˲òڱͷЩ֪Ҫô
˻ף䣬ʦ˵ˣ뿪ġ
ף΢üչЦһڰķϸһ¡
ڰ˿Լ䣬ֿ˿ףڰϵ֣Եһʡ
ͺڣڵôĵӡ
֮󣬻԰˵Ҫȥסˡ
Ȼģסڸڶðһ̧žܹȥȻ㰲ӣȥҲܷ㣬ɻסԽԽð
ʦסŲ𣿡
ЦŵûС
ΪʲôҪߣ
ʦסҲǸ°˵λ൱ڻʵۣף鼸൱ڻӣͶ˰ƫ裬ôסȥֵöͶͶҪ֮ʲôġ
ȥû죬ȥǡ
ȥ𣿡
ͷҪģͻͻȻǱһû
˫ţԣվ֥ӥҪ裬İΪԼһ֮˽š
ﻹйҰˣ
ô
ڰȵУΪԼײеĻ貹˵ӷ֧
밲ԼİĽʲôģЩΣҡͷãԼǸ˾ǸӣҸ˵˾ͺáʦģԼԵġ
ʦȻģŰӣЦʦҶôˣôԽԽأͽܡ
ҵʱ򾭳дţ
ĵ¿ɶˣǸһīݡ
ҵīݻ͵͵㡣
Ҳ͵͵Ĵʰɣӻͦġ
ʲôãī˾Ƕˡ
ҲһֱﲻԲԣ
԰ʦɱȥһ᳣дŻġ

΢΢ƿۣЩ͵͵ȥ
α˵ˣְ֧ܵףζͬЩ⡣
ԼܣҲ񲻹ˣ簲Լ˵ģΪһī⣬Ͳˡ
һЦȣīݸ׽
ڴҵĲУٴ뿪ˣҪ
ȻݣȴӰ˿ƣԶԷǵħڲֽе
Ǹؽ罻ֲ֮ӻңڰ켣еǶʱ䣬Ѷֲ죬˽⣬ԿʼҪһ¡
˷֮󣬱ȥǱħפصһλͷĿó֮λտݵפͷĿûü๧ά̽䣬㱻סˡ
˵Ҫ˿ڵĽףȫˣտݲûҧԼ⡣
Сĵض԰¹ӣض֪˾ܶ˵ģǣĿɶȥˣˮҪʳУеġ
öɣ¥иңжɷңҲң̳һŴõ֮㣬ū֣ˡŮˣħǽ׵Ļе֮˷죬ĸٹ̣ҲûҪȥ
˾棬
Ȼ֪ѴԵڲſʼҪʰҪƣҪħڵ
տݲΪȻΪѵĿУݵؽصտݵĻ˵Щ֪ҲǸ֮ǰסͦһʱ䡣
տһȣüλĳ¹Ӿڷסһʱ䣬Ȼ˿֪
λӰӲǱߴСһ棬տѸſвܼ˵شѱᱻ˲һҲţλ¹˵ǹ˿ڵĽǲǱ˺ܴģҪɴ£
Ȼ뷨ܶ࣬ȴտѸٵ¹ôûҲ֪ҲûܺúýӴʧҵ
ȴֻ˰֣տݵЩɣֻǵҸղ˵ģ㻹Ҫõġ֪ǣ¹㣬֮²ֻħڣϼ
֪ǣУûڳģǲôּɡͬһڵǿǿܳô˽Էһ֡
ԴУǿϵĿǰʱ˽дãǶԴӲմ֣쳼ҲĦг߻зãȻ󣬵ӣҲвСϼֵоá
ڲʹУҲԷΪ࣬쳼ңãЩУΪص
һЩ΢ݲôྫ֮Իһɢɳ֮٣ڲԹ˲ϾĹãի

տţɫԽԽλ˻治ôһҪӲɣ£ϣֶ֮˵ҲǶ뵽һһģλ¹ӶԷǵÿ˽ĺӦþãһ˾Ϳġ
֮ڣ㽫жõ׼áдһȥǽӴ
˷ԸַԸȻտݲر˼֮ŷӦڲ֪УȨѾλӵϣҲΥ͡
ȻţտתȥִҲû
˵տʼڵʱտݻŰƣзӽĹӦȥ
տ갲ĴżƻǸͷȴȥһǾλӲôܷܹȥģôλ˵мָͷأ
տһȥ˴õȼ˲ٿ࣬סǵ̸˴ֻȹǵһ𿪸ᡣ
򱻰ŵҲǺտͬȥսţ㿴ϲס
õһ˿˵þò˳¹ӣˣ϶ˣҵøϢȥ
˵žѾӰ
Լտȥʵ߱ЩΣϴιȻ˵ϲʱңҲͿ쵶նˣǾûټ
ϣܽϴ֮µڣҲû
տڴ»û˵䣬ŲҴңһϲɫعˡ


80 
ܣˡһϲɫ˶ܳƵһһˣ˱ͳƭ˺ÿҲһʱ
ϧڰͽղĿȸվ֡
ȻֵԱߵλҲʶģҾͲˡ
Ŀſտݣտݣħڷǵһ֣Ȼʶģǿôһˣеʧ
ܣôһģ
һ빬顣
У£¹죬û˵Ľ飬Ƿ棬ΪܻҪе˽ģܵ˵̸Ļͦ˳
̸֮󣬹Ȳȥæδٶ
տݵ˵ͷУһ
տһߣôȥΪ˶Ұɣ
ұǱߵģ˵ⲻҲҪ£
˵˵ĿŹҲû뵽һҪô¡
ܷģȫϡ
˵Żĳȵĸоοеÿζܱ֮ǰϲ
ôòҺһԸ
á
Էʱ򣬹û˵ЩֵֹĻȴ۾飬ðͦڡ
Թһʱ䲻֪ʲôľɫ⻰Ҳ˵ΣΪ˵㲦Ҳɫ֮¡
˵ȴɽơ
⻰͸ͱƵġ
ȻܲңҲҶϡ
⻰˵ðѰ
ѵûлɣֻڲǲһ£
ʲôɻľˡ֮ǰߣǽЩ˸͸
ɥ̱԰βһֲһ
һᶼûУ
˵ŽȱƯĲһ£ԡ
һ˫һ۲˿˿ƵĺŵĵѬ㣬Ҳ˵ջ
ջ֮£ɫˣҲߵģɲΪĶϾ
ʦ亣ˣƵĶλмЩѡ
ãҲԡһס
һЦԼλôֻǹȻЦţ۾ȴûʲôЦ⡣
ôÿȻףû۹⡣
ҡҡӣض԰ˣһһէٳԸ
˵Ҿʱɫѣ˵ʲôʱֿһġ
ʲô£Ҹ㣬ɲҡͷһɶ۶۵ܣȴԿİ˵Ļ벻⣬ȻǷӣ򻨴йƬҶմӡ
ԲˣԲˡ
ĬĬؼвˣٺóԣҲԲζһٷڳ꣬Ҫȥˣ⼸춼æ
ãȥǰ꣬ɲߣﻹÿľûȥ
á
ʱ䣬һֱæЩ˿ᣬƼƻʱ̹ע鱨ͳ
βͬǰȥؾ֣̽һͳô˵ĴģжǣֻһγɹһεĻɾʧ˳䲻Чĸࡣ
ô߶ȼעæµڹǵ¾ͱȫԺ
տݽʱ򣬰ߴϵĵͼƿߣʱ䵽ˣʼж
ǡտݴ֮ٴθѾȫúãһʧ¹Ӳڴ˴򣿵ҽϢ⼸λ¹ӵһһãտѶԴ˴жĴĦȭƵʱ
ڴ˴סģҲûһҪտݷĵ˼ģֻΧȥ
С
һҹҹɫŨһһѾϨ˵Ѱ˯ʱȴѾãĿĵؽиڼžҹһ
ͻȻ쳼ҵҼŭõˣҹϮլôĵӡ
Ȼħڣôһģλ쳼ҵҺܿûʱ̽ˣֻһĻӦ²ӦԵķǳ
龰ദ֣ҹɫڸµսһֱã΢ʱ򣬲
տϲʤˡ
쳼ңãݡЩСѲĺŰɣ˭뵽һҹ֮䱻𣬷ǣˡ
˯е˼Ҷ֪ҹ˺£ǺܿҲ֪ˣҵ㸲˴ı䶯ͨ˶˺Щ졣
ȴûоʹЪЩСɢҪ٣ĿģǶž˿⣬ɲΪɨһһڵط
һææ˺öգòæ꣬ȻҲˡ
ͰһҴϣκȴû鿴⾰ɫ
Ҫ˰⺣ĵطܶ࣬βһʱ䣿
ҡͷʦѾ˺üΡ
˵ʦ𣬹ǳҡʱ󣬰ʦѹҪȵӣڻ뵽ʱôߵƺѹ¸С
̲ס߶һ䣺ʦܵҲ߯Щ
˵⻰ȴֿһܵĶˣһǿûĿʱ򣬱һٿȻȻƮƮڰߡ
ˣһ૵ˡ

գﰮĽ֮ʱλҲ
룬Լͬʱǵ˵ħĶܡ
Ը밲ǰľۻīݵĲ룬ôأǵùغһǰ
īݵǼ棬ҡ
Ǻǣôһô˵ڣͿԵڵģ
ӿǵ˶Ҫ밲˵ʲôˡ
ξۻڴīݵĸ½Ȼζĵض԰ԺҲҪдţɲҪҰ
ʱȥȥýӴ
ףáԺڷˣټĻע١
빬꣬ȴīôβͣһֱڸ
īݴ˫ԨǰʱҲ΢΢
֪⼸¡
ܺã
ǶǰڷĿ϶͵ͣð̫˼ִǲԾ
īĴǵﹻ˿佱
īȴãôǵĳɾأڰ˼ǫʱ򣬻ͬصǺܺãԷƱ
⼸վҪȥ
ͷǡ
īݵǰջˮһˣ֪Ĵڡ
̧ͷ
īݵû˻˵л
ڡ
һȥɺã
īòȥֻ
īݾȻҲּۻۣĺ˵ʱ򣬽ʦͨˮڵʦЩ˿ǵõ°Ͳɡ


81 
īͷһ⣬ǰȴҡҡͷʦǲ֪
ʦȥˮڣôô飬ס
Ȼܾīȥˮڵ飬īȻֻβƵģĬĬŰֱħڷֲſڡ
ȥտݴУȻβཫǵ˿˸ţۣϣһʱ䣬һֻ
ʱúտϸϸһһٷָȼͷҪʱ
Уҵʵְ
ߵһע
տݵ۾һ¾ȵҪѿС£
˵ͷտݼˣλɺֹһ仰ϴ
λǴ˵еҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬˭ﲻõ˰
տһУȻ뿪һţȴīȻһվ
ôվ
īݿŰ㡣Һһȥ
ܾīݻȥʦǲ˵ġ
īݾĬĬŰͬе˼
λȥż·ϱҲæīݻŰһ·϶߶࿴Ūĸһ
īһֱ߽ģʵҲԼ˼ģ֪һصħܺͰദĻˣܵദʱ֮ףīϣӳӳ
ǸһƺۣǸɽ߼زҩĹӡ
īݵô֪ôడǰҲ߹ЩطţкܺÿľɫкóԵĵص£Ǵбûеҩģ䣬ðǼʶ
īݵͷǰȥĵطࡣ
ī˵ţַڰһͷڷϣһ㶣ȻףЩ׽֮ԴӣǣīݵĻͦڵġ
ȻоͷһůʵĸоʲôңղűˮʪͷѾø
ŤͷīƴӰķջأ˫ɫӳӰֻڷϣ۽޺ҵգգмֻҵصûµġ
ҲΪˣ˵ʪ˵ͷ̶Ҳ
ȻˬͷҪȸղʪҪЩ
˵֮īҲûж˵ֻ˿΢ɲº͵š
īݿʳ˼̻𣬵ʵҲǣīݴˮȡһɫ֮԰˵մˮ֮ɱֿζ
չȥʲôζԹû
īдĶˮûУֻǻǼд
īвֿͣʼƿܣЩ̻£ϵֹеĸ䳬֮Ҳȥࡣ
һʱ岻ʲô֣Ÿ֦ڻȥԵðְҡ
īõϻӣһһĵϣ㻹Щİ
̫ˣܾЩīݲߵġ
ڰľУīݵ͵͵һ
ʵǰʱҲûЩīΪ˴׼Ķѡ
ζֻԽԽīĿϣ۽ҲһֱעŰǳһЦ⡣
ܿͺˡ
ͷһֱīֻֽתתȥζ˰
žͺóԡ
ڰڴ£īݸȫԸˣȣò˵ߵַƶȶܲϵûнҲûмҧһڣġ
úóԵģԵͲͣⷬζȫûйǰͰͶˮץ㣬ɱ㣬ⷬԺԼΡ
ȻҪīݲŶԡ
Ҳ԰īݵ
īݣڳԡīݳԵ˹ⶼ˰
Щ
īݵҳûôϲϲԡ
ôóԶϲ
˵īݿžĹأҲģԿڸ֮ûô飬ǿŰԵĸˣŶƷһó
īݵȥ׽һ
һ̫鷳ˡǶ಻˼
˼İīȥ׽һãȻˣȻȥ׽һˣȻ֡
˸տʼʱīݳ˵һС飬˽㣬ΪҲûռθĶӶԹ
ڵ֮īݶʼеԥһ죺ҳԱˣˣˡ
ˣ⼸ջȫƹˡСʱףǰãǣīǰ಻˼
īݵû⣿
æûû⡣شĸɾ䣬ȷԼ϶
īݣãǽסҹճΣ
ͷá
һߣҸʵĵط
īݵĻվʵ¶Ӫֻ֮Ҫһƽ̹ĵطɣΪīڣҲõҰϮ⡣
īȴŰкôһᣬ֮˴ۣȻΪ˸ĳԳţƤʳˡ
ʵɲƤΪֲǵһΣǰīݲҹɢʳҲʱӡԲηѾĻջ󰡡
粻ȻīôעôóԵ㣬ɱ˵ϣǰأ
īҲ׼ĵطڣѡ˽ҹͣĵط֮û׼̵ģǵģ߼ʹҰ¶ӪʱҲĿһĸɽһѾС
ǰĴ㣬ָīһӺһ̺šȻīݲҪȴҲûоܾ
֮£ʱ磬Եīݴʱȴ˵˵
ϲҺˮһҺأпɣɽ֮Ԫ塣
סڱԪ壬ǰջȥѷԸڱԪϽԺӡ
в룬Һ⼸֣Һһϵлƴԡ
æûϲҺ
ûҺáֻҪһϵҥԶīݸˣͷ֮߳С
īĬĬ֮ûϵҺҲкô
Եˣÿŵ˵氲ңīȴûаҵĸ룬˵Ϊʦ֣ŵͷŴܣŹӦЩͻ²٣ɴûõõڼʱ
Ϊʳ˼̻롮ӽǮ֮ͬīݸðξˡ
ֻڶЩ֮īҲĬĬӵеĲƲ㹻ãΪɲһ꣬ǻδꡣ֮ǰȱʧЩ£ȻҪϡ
һĬĬ֮īݾѾԺ󻹵öѰЩſɡ
˵ڣīǿĲҺ裬õľˮ
ҲǼٵģ㲻Ҫ˵߰ġ
ڰβסҪ߳ŭ֮£īһõģ
΢˶֮īȴֵֻǣЩǼٵģԸ˵˵ǰ𣿡
īݵģǹ֮£Ҳֻǿ߲
ĪֺߵĸоգִٵʵҲûʲôýġ
ҹɫҲܸоīݵĿϡһǲоû˼Ҳһġ
īݵоû˼
ǰ˼ССʱԱܷҲ͵ܵľƣܰѵа͵ιǱĵڣΪΪǱԵģͶιǱ¶֮ףһ֮£󵽶԰ָ𡭡
һЩСС£߽߿īݣκ¶ǺרעӣʱҲǡ
Ӽרע


82 
ǹɫ֮£΢Ĺ֦֮ϣӰӰ´£žҹɫУ˰гżԶᴫҰ޵
ĻУȴú£Ҿ˾⣬ʼԽԽͣԽԽ
Ȼīһֱȥʱȴ˯ɣš
˯˰īŵȻˣһҹһµġ
ڶǱζѵģλˣǿ㣬ζҲܲ
ůůȣµһԪ
īݵһ·г˺Щ죬һ·ϾȻҲѹûõĵĵط
Ұ¶Ӫʱ򣬾ǽ˳īҲܺܿŰȥʵסĵطһжŵ׵ı˰жīݲʳ˼̻𣬲Ⱦ쳾ӡ
ǸӼСء
ôһ·ħɽ£žĬԱߵīЩΪѡ
ҪҪīݽȥɾôīǲЩùӵ˼
ڰû˵ʱīȴȿ˿ڣ뿪֮ǰҲðһطԺͣʱ򣬾ͻס
һȥ￴
ڸ
ǰֹ˼·īߣȥðǸ
ķ䡣㿴ûģ
ɨ۷ĲãһӦȫҡҡͷûС
ǣ˷䰡
īȻص϶ķġ
ԺҲס¡

īȻֻˣԺزǵīݶһ֮󣬾ܶ˹һ
Ư£ǣȻӦýīݸ±Ťϰߡīȴûٽĥ䣬ֻڰ֮ǰȴһ⴦լԺԿס
԰ҹȥ㡣
áȥû⣬īͰײ֮ٽš
.
ջûãյϢİ͹ˡ
ڻȻҲǸ˵ģ˵ڷֵ֮˰ĺһ佱
˵·ϣīҲŵʱ򣬰Сĳ˳ʦ
ץס͵С󣬵ʲôû㲻
ٺֺһЦⲻʦԴףʦ𲻸ô
Ȼⰲīݼ棬ȴǿҪ˵ī
ǰôôԵǿӲһһʣˡ
ǵԹԵһЦݣðƸɢ˸롣
ֻһ䣺ֲûôⲻ͸ŵζĻ
൱ȳݵصˣ˾ͺá
ӣ͵ûеζ
Ȼ״صīݱչУνʱ࣬˵ߵľ飬ɱȲΪʦ
յźţԥʦпյʱҲһȥߣ
Ȼá
Ȼֶ԰˵Һܶʱʱ䣬ҵɲΪ˰Լڷϵġ
ԴЪЩӣʱԳ
ߣ·;ҲԽණͬҲ
ʦҲԴͽɽġ˵һ
ȫԴףīݱȽϽϾʲô޹ء
Цŵźãллʦ𡣡˵īȥˮڵ£ûдӦ
Ķԣȥﲻȫʹīݱ֤ҲУһ£˭ȥ
֪īݾɽְ˵£Ȼīûܽջˮȥȴʼʱʱħ̽ӡ
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⻰˵ʵ޵룬ͬħͷˮڸ̻ߣôˮ¶ñ񾭡
īݳĬһ£ȻĺݣִŵĽҲû˶ҡֵֻ
ֽһ䣺ڴ˴ֻΪ˽£δ̽ħκ񡣡
ȴΪĽֻͣһȻȴת۱˷ɫ
Ҳ˫ˡ
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һīʱ򣬰īݵҪһԶţڲʱ᳤
ī˵æѾʦ˵ˣʦȥġ
֮˵ҲԭģΪ֮ǰף֪µʱףͦ˵ҲȥߣŰš
ף뷨鲵ˣǰīͬд뷨ûУھǰˡ
ɲϼҴڵسȥǳʲôˣ
Ҳʱûлȥˣȥһˡ
īֻõá
ǰܻһ
֮īĴѾһһˡ
Сӵջǲͬģвͬīݵһܸӡ
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ǰͰҲ׻˺ɫ·˿ʦ𣺡ʦ𴩺ɫҲÿ
𣿡
ͷԵģӵļˣһ˧Žϰ¶һǵλߵ֡
ͷܸˣôνǰ˵ÿԺԶഩЩɫ·
ڰ밲˵ЦʱԶһ˴¥߿˼ۡ
ʹԶ߻谵ҲֱؿǱߣһЦİԱߵİɨһ¡
̶תϵĽָɫŹֵЦһ¡
ͦ˼
ǩλһ֧
ǾۼһȻҲߣ޵һͦŵֳ䡣
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λСӣˣ
˵ֹŹ뵽˼Ц£ûȴЦ
һӦȥһ֮ͬˣЦŵҼǵֻǩֻѡ֮ãѲҼǴˣ
ûǴ
֮ͬ˵ĽϵĹﶼûõһ֧ǩȴǸλӣǸˡ
䲻Ȼ߼֧㷢ȥͿɡ
֮ͬ΢ҡҡͷϻô⣬γܹǰæһ
˵ˣλ֮ˡֻλ֮ͬĻϸʮǰ˵ϸʮǰҲ˵
ĻѹûŴλǸ֮λкβɣԺͶðæˡγ˵ţЦ


83 
Ͱյ֧ĪĻǩԼ
Ҳһ£ȴûдѡ֮Ļ֪Ҳÿʮ꣬Ե˻лμһᣬ׼ϣ뿪ʱܵõʹ͵Ķ
ͰЩĵϰ壬۵Ľ
ϰ廹˵˲ٹƴ󣬻ӢӢĴԡ
һ䣬뿪֮󣬵ϰڶ߻졣
ʰʦ˵ǲİ
֮ԡ
е֧ǩͦҲ⡣
Ӧǹһеʯľ
ĵħǣ٣ռҲСģȴҲصģԹ⣬ǰҲ಻˽ĵط
ʰȥ𣿡
̧ͷǵǲǻʶʦ𣿡
Ȼ죬ȻҲʶġ棬ûϵȻȥǾȥһ¡
ȻȤͰг̡
.
νĺŨ񣬵ƹ谵˵ûžٰʱڵźÿ
УʦôŹǱȹҪˣ
ͷͽܹ۲Ĳ
ָ֮о͸ˣȥʮܼһλӡЩﻨ֦չиûһġ
㻨Žأ͵͵²ۣʦҾѡƵġ
ͷ˿ŵ׸´ˣһˣЦݣ˵ڶžͷһ⡣
ĴİСԴ£ЩĹ﹫ӣʾϸ硣
ĲɫˮƷͬģ棬ܿ챻ע
ָһз̵ĹӶ԰Ǹ˲жɣ
ǰںͰ˵ĻȴһλеЦصλģֵκһֻкô
̵Ĺ˵Բͬǹеܹܣڹǰӣɰ˵ģ³ܹˡ
ҿŰĿƣָζܲôôá
˵Ļץ˰оܿߣԳЦЦллõģǳ
Ҳܸо˶ڿߣڲվϴţǶ԰Ͱ˵ãԺã¾ɷԸ֮ˡ
ٴεл
ܹܴӰ뿪ʱͦ԰Ͱ̬Ȳͬԭģ֪֧ǩԷԸȥģǳο
֪һ磬ͰϸĶƷһ£˵ʵ󲿷ֳԲϰߡ
԰˵ԼϣҲû
Ѿʼˣͦ˶Ŀһµģķǰû
ȴûпеĸݣ˵ζеֹӰƤڰûʲôÿġͨͨƽƽ棬Ҳûʲô
⻰䣬ȴһ˽ͷһ˴󲽶Уºѥ𣬻һ緢֮Уղŵλһĺ档
ĽĹ˿ʼ񣬱Ĺ﹫ҲͰĶЩ
ŰӣԸⰲλλ߶λߵ
һ˼ʱҲˡ
ܿλ̧̧֣񡣡⣬СڵĴӣҲֱͣ
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λ˵ϣҶ죬þĻ֮øݼ
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кһ˼ֻǼ棬ͷ֮㲻á
ͷͷĹϵôΪи飬˽¿Ӹһ滹̸Ц֡ˣǸֱʣαġ
ʱڳԱߵĳҿһԲ˺Ⱦƿ裬һһ㶼ż
ϣȥ빫С˵仰ҿһ
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ֵóܹʧγƸǱȥ
ܹܵıߣ
䣺㲻֪ˣøˡܹæ֪
ȻܹʳǸǱλ֮еһأ

ܹܣϽ鲻ٶȥأ
ڳ俴ʱܹܵϵĺ󹬿أװ¡
Ҫλ
ĬؿһܹͷȴûȥԳܹܵļ֣ʯ
ܹܵȻ£ϵ⻰ʹҲǳ
Ķãһ㲻ãĳЩ쳣Ŀġ
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϶Լ˻ֵر˵ģýյ˵ʵһ㶼㲻ݹ󣬽ͨƫϵĹѡ⣬ô˹϶ǳġ
ôһ仰ܹܸˣʯȣϵŮ˻ȷʵܶ࣬ûϸԣ
ȻⲻҪģҪͻƵû᲻ô
ʵʵƸλȥɣλԼģȻò
ܹȥǱ֮ǰʳ䣺ǵ֮ǰλΪ̷򣿡
λõȻһô׵ظȥӦ֮࣬λеģôӦ̷Ҳû
ʱ䲢ûзӦܹ˵ǸɶӦ֮ͱʸֲ֧ˣǺ˾ơ
Ǹ˲ţ
ԣʱЦ
.
ܹܸ˿ӵʱΧУ˶ûУ
ܹϴһɴЦǵģλ·ˣֻ֥λС
ڳܹЦеߺ󣬰սʦλǲϳˣŸ
俴ȥλȴûһֻۣųеĸ裬ǺԿƲסЦʲôܴ¡
ϲϳν
ʲôģ
Ҳ֪ˡ
ὥӽβΪôȥ˵ģǸ֮ͣ󣬵ﾲ֮ʱܹܵʼ쳹
˿ʦϿŵС֣԰ʦ˵ǲźţʦλǡ
̷ʲô˼
Ҫʦ𣿡ԥŵ


84 
λܹܲϵġʦ˵һЩƷ²Żòĺô
Ʒ²ŻҲˣɻòôϡʦҲûۡʦòİɣ
⡮ʦ̬ȲԣʦڹҲûã˵ûϳʦǾ˵ϳˣΪʦͬȵλƽƽĹ֮οԼĵλأ
ڰɻŵʱ򣬰ѾŭˣĿ⿴䣬ڿˣе䲻֪˺£Ըо˿ѹȡ
һսգҲϾ
ϵĳЦһ˲ڸղһǣûзʱ򣬰ѾԪ񹥻
ޱԪһĹԹ䶼ûãǰһ£óҲԵ˲Сͷ˵ġ
Ҳֻһ˲ܿµصҽ֪ҹ٣ʮһεĸڹ磬ҲֻΪѰԵ˶ѣѰλԵˣá
˵˵Ļһ˵꣬ɫ죬˵ڹΪѡģǲǼ
ϾЩ꣬ҲûλμӹϺ󹬡
ȴָ£Ȼģ
μӹĺЩһ¼ͷǺܿѹ빬ղѾˣ¶ϻȵֱΪ˶԰Ͱļʡ
ﻹע˶Ķʻţȷǡ̷򡯶ǡʦ
̣
һվʦ𣡡ӵĵȻάֱָ䡣

άУοͣ˳ֵĴ㣬ǴŰй֮ݻ
λôˣԸˣһ֪λ˿Ĺӵ
ڳУķнϸԱѳ߸ֳΣҲֻǸС̱ѣСĵӶӦԲˡ
䲻⣬ǵȴٴУ׷ͰΧ˱ʣı͹Ƕʼ
Ȼش⣬ų᲻֪ǵȷ˾ǹġ
ֲʦ˹ϵ㲻úã˾ǸӶġ
˵ǳֽǰͰλñҲǰǰƹЩҲѡ
µըСӹûдһеģ
ڰĹѵǰʱ򣬲ƮƮ̧Ҫ⹥ˡ
ʱܹȴСĵ
Ʋ죬Һħ˶
ɽžܹܵˣϡܹۿʪۿҪһݺϷ롣
ȴһɤӸϢЩʽˣձܿǼޱȵĺȴһ˸Ѻֱۣ۸Ҫ
ƽʱʹŵĳܹܿ٣Ҳŭǿϵλڣ˵ˣϱȣڡ
Ȳ˵ô࣬ڳܹһעûָǿֻƯĲ˵ģôķƣҲգ
֮ǰĽɨʱͼ΢΢𣬵΢һܿʧˣܹܻΪԼۻˡ
ڷ¹⻪ܹȷŵĲˡ
Ÿÿλͷַʹ͵ʱ򣬻û÷ѡϵԵˣڣ˰Ե
æ䣺ϣˣܴˡ
ϵױĽȪ룬ŻĶҪˣɵ俴ķƣ¸
ܹ֪ܲ˭ɳ仹֪ܲ
ϷŪ˵ģ°ʯͷԼĽţĻ˲ˣ
üŷƣƵƾģ˭ãôƫǰͽأ
ѸתţһܿḶ̌˸׵ղŶǿЦЦģҸǸ
ֻڹСסѡ

ʶʦԲſһССЦ
˵ſӣ㲻ܹĵӣҿһֱġ
ͽܻûԲãҳ֡
ң룬Ǿ尲֣ǡһŵķƣͷ
֪ǳûĵԵʣڰ¿Ҳͣ֡
ؿųЦһ㶼Ц
ЦЦ
ֶԳܹʹɫЩ˶
ʵĹ﹫˱ʣõϾˡ
ֻǻû˳Զһ죬ղǼƴ󹬵˸һǡ
﹫һȻܵĸˡ
Ǵ¶˵ĹɫɫҪڣ˵Ĺһһۡ
䣺ʲô
ʲô֮ǰ˵ʲô
䣺ͽܲǳô
һû
ĹԽԽ࣬ۿŵñɷ棬֪˭ĵؽ̫š
ǹ֮أһԭķǹ޵˵ΪѹƣҲϲ
ԼȫȻ෴ڹˮˡ
ɶԳĻȴֻǵȻ֪ⲻٵĶĶ۵Ҳ𣿡ȻҲ֪Ǹŵëġ
ĺڶʯ̳ɵĵ棡ǧľӣ
۵ӶҪˣҲǣǵҪÿҪӱ⣡
ֻʣ³ܹﺰϣϣƣ
ˡ
򲻵õġ
ϲ¡

ǳýȥܹܵ£ĶǱٵһһĶ
ԽٵĶԽ࣬ԽۣԽ
ֺܹˣܸʡǮأ
ܹô࣬仰Ҫ
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Ѹټÿҩĵٺ𻵣һ£Ȼ֡
˿Ҳ˰ɣҿһֱǣôôߡ
ԳĻм
ڳѾ类ëļҲɢ˵
ڵǸǸ˵ͽ̷ܵ˰ɣ
Ǹðֲ˵Եư͡
УҲ˵ҲǸ˵ͣôҲкһҲÿ
ˡ
ɱ𰡡ҽӴ˭ӴɻͦģҲûס
㰲û£СͽҲǣ
˵ȲǷҲз羰ĴĵֶȥΣ
ղŻëļĳΪǸ⣬̬Ͽң˵ԵĺȵЩʲôдλɱ浱ûкöˡ
ڳһһУͰʹڳסա
ֻǣҪǰǽҪסĵطʱͻȻô£
ⲻҳҳף˵˵ϵģҪ˸ųס㣬ˡ
𣿡
ɲǣ
񰵲յô£Żи֣зƣ
ˣһõĵƶѣǮʱɹˣֲãһûУֲáˡ
ҪǿɲУ˺ܶǮġ

˵֮棬඼ܼʶġڹסգҲͦ˼
գ䵹ûҲ磬һռʱĳͻҲ˲٣Ҳƽ͵ӳ֪֪֪֮ʶء
סһҲվˡ
ǰգʵû˯ģվЩˣɵ˴ϡ
²ã˯ˡ
˯֮Ժ;һ⣬ƫѲ
ͰסͦɣƵ̫򿪴Ҳ
ڸݽ̰Ȼһֲ֮⣬˿ԥѸȥ


85 
һ͸о˲ԣڴϵİ˯Ĳȣһ
Ƶ˰ûн˻ѡ
ڴ˺ܲ͵ؽƵһߣĵ͵͵ġ֮ðȻһ
ץסҶֻ֣¶ˣ¶ƫߣΪ˼֮ĵ׵¶Ĵ
ڰϣƽϾļʱȾһɫһֻһȥҲо⡣
ѡ
°ۣн͸ˮɫɵĿðһ
ڰϵֱֻһ£ԾƵģֻֽץסȻϲȥ
ȡίص
ɫڰϣһĳˡ
ܿ찲˰֣ǿʼԼ·һѩ£ܿͱ߰㡣
µǣӳ̰׼гº¶ӣ졭䣬̫ۡ
ڷӦϸϣİգѣ񡣡
ǰȴ˵ʲôˣֽӵ˳ȥסĲӣק
ڰϣͷ촽Ҳ䵽˰۹⻬ȵϡ
촽ϵĴУоߵĺΧŵ궯ð۾졣
ҧ⣬ǿԿȻĶͷϴʱҲϸͰȶ֪˭¶ȸˡ
Ǿ籧˸ֽŲȥ
ŵģֱǼ壬ñ̵ĺܼѵİٴθƵ͵ıԵŰҪƵġ
ǺðڿˣƫƫǸһ㶼֪£첲ڰҶͻ˳
졣Űƽǰص
һɳƵ
Ҳ԰ĻţԴڰĲĥĥȥ촽ҲʱʱɨĲӣкᡣ
һٶȿڣɳɤѵԣҩˣ˾ͺˡ
ڶ˵Щûá
ǰס֮󣬽һҩӲ˽ȥҩ֮ʱҧָ
˵ҧ˵˱ͷڰָĥĥȥǹֱӴﵽĵס
ιҩ֮󣬰Ͳٶˣֻĳ˫һֱŰʩΪ
֪ȻͻָϣʱЩ
ʵû簲룬˵ָˣתöûУˡ
·Ҳǵңϻҧӡ
ߺܣŴڰԣ綥ҩ
Լ̲סͽͽİ
Ҫ̵޵ʱƫĳֿʼȥ㣬ܡ
ȥһƬ֮У˰ϸ˫ȣмǸĳ
ֲðˡ
Űȥȴ䷨û¾ֲͷˣ˸ӣ³
ίˮɫȣܡ
ȥǸĳһ˿ص
ǸΪǵߣǿ־ڰбˡ
ǽڷ޳ÿȥ˰ĳĳһֻ˻аıϣһһ¸Űļԡ
ıЩ֮ǰôҳ·ֻȺȻڰĲȥ
ǾðĲǺҧźʱʱҧһ£һ¡
ʱ·
ֱٴα򿪣ѵõҲвôʱ򣬿ȴΪǰһĻȻ󷢳˾֮

İһʱ佫ʵʵ絶ؿˡ
㣬ͽܣǡ
ҧгݣ䡣
ҩ
ҡҡͷôһĹ򣬱İֲʵˣҪȴסˣغߺ
ʲôҩá
Ȱһҹ͹ȥˡ
ͽܵĽҩ
һֱƳ棬˳ɲǣžžһϣȻǰϡ
һҹļҲһҹģʱʱ򣬰Ҳˡ
ʱһ˲ûҹ£ֻͷʹֻǵߵİҹһоͶըˡ
һĻһĻ֣Ȼһ£ıҪضá
ĵһӦǱװ˯ֻǰѾ˹ɫͨİֻٴν۾Ҳ۽ʾĵޱȻҡ
ʵôô
ͷǳǳΣˡ
ڰĲϣһ飬һӡ൱ң뵽Լĺ£ֻòҪˣֻڱﲻ
˱ӣԼʦһҪԼȥЪЪ
˺ߵӡ
ȻһЦһ£ڱԼĶ䣬޶˵ҹһһԣаƵ¶ȡ
ڱ¶ȸߵİԼųһ

Ҫˣ
˰ķ䣬ϵЦ⣬ûлȥϢҪ
ҪȥҳﱻһƬ￦굹֮ʱԼͼˡ
ֱѾʼڹĿⷿ⴦ķȻι̵ģڰһһУǷǿⷿǽѾʼ϶
ⷿôĻܣڿⷿϾļϰۿĿⷿҡҡ׹ʹڳһԲİóҲڸоһ˿⣬ǵǰˡ
򣬱Ҫ㲻Ұɡ
ֻǿһֵۣ˼䵲ţ˳ֽҲˣλߵսͺܴ
ǺԳ٣Ӧ˵Ҫ˳ͬػܱȻٻҪķѾѡ
ڳļػУصĿⷿջǱҿˡ
һ֮ⷿУǷſֽţʲôҪ˰ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬾Ѿû˺ü
ţȴסɷʹ޷
㻹ֱϡ
ܼңܼҰ
֪ЩǶǮ𣿡ùһ־侹Ѫ֮С
ڰھͺڡջϳԺϵĻã˵ħͷٵĶٸҲİ
һͨҲѹʲôҲûź䶼ûһµİ
ҵȴȻſⷿıһһ١ʱĹ򣬾ȻȻȫˣ

ŭɰȴ̾ϻдߣ滹жҲøˡ
ŭеĳԽԽľãðɣû棬ⰲΪӵҪĶ࣬ڷŭɰһķŭֵС
ۿŴĺܴܻᱻߣҲڲ˴ӷŭѹһܵñס
ȵȣȵȣͽеҩûȫá
⻰֮󣬳˸Ĺ򣬿ɾգۼĴѾܵ˰
ָǸСƣвų˵
俴ԼСƣ۵һʲˡ
ǸҩиãǻҩЧ֮㺡
ĻУָһսæ㣬㡣Ȼһӡ
Ũҵģӵģ׺ݵóһ㶡
ʱȥãҧ޽ҩ
䣺еİɣûУԣԣ𼱡
æ԰аµСͽܵİһļĲƲҲŪûˡ


86 
ڴӱʱ򣬿εҪ
ֽķ˿ҪŪһ£㿪һ£Ȼ㿪֮ˡ֮ǰĶڱŪķӦô
ǣǣҹ֮󣬾жԾ˵ӡ
밲ӣرǰ¶ĺӡͷأ
۾ֿ޳ָ״ظϵӡ
Ͱ͵صۡ𣿡
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Լ治ʦоðôΪأ
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ȴЦĺܺÿҫۣԣһֱ֪ǳÿҲ֪ǲΪҹ»ôˣǰȻÿҲǴͶѡ
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ܵİĴ治ôôأһģֱ˸ģʽ
еģҲ֪㲻ĸ龭Ǳ׵ǴΡ
˵ʵ֪˼󣬰Թ˻رܵ˼
ǰ֪ӵ˼֮أǲǵýʦţҲţ
Ȼһֱǳãǳˣ֪ķ֮֮ǲǸñŭ
ģʽģʽ
ŭϲࡣ⼸չĶЩ磬һֱȥá
ǱһֱߣԼҲǳڳĽУҩڳˡ
ϲɫŽҩȥҰȴֻһ棬ͱ档
ҿ˵ĻûסҪ㳤ԣ
ң䲻ӲӲƽϣ¡
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ͫһҩĳˣ
̫ˡ
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87 
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ΣҲֻóҩҩǮҾͲҪˣȰҵĴƸҡ
ȡҩûٸ䡣
ҺܿŰҪˣͰճͼһӣס˼յͺȻ
һֹˣڳĽʹУеĽûиһõģ⼸޽ûɵĹٴα١
Ѿǳ侫ϵĲɳ֮ʹˣϵģٴαһ٣α֮ǰҪݡ
ҧгݵҪʲôûûǰɣǿǰʦķݶϣߡ
ʵûǣӲҲǷ˰ħͷʹڹҲҪǿһ㡣
ң̫ҪˣҪ𰡡
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ڰͰߺ󣬳ܹܷϣˡ
俴ǽû˵棬һƬɣҵвƲҲˡ
ܹܣ
شϳܹܵļ磬˶ûƵģص尡ż찡ұ˼Σҵ㿴һƬûҵı⡣
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䣺֮ˣҿǸƵƻóȥ˰ɡ
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⣬˸˿Ŀ԰ʦҾûá
Цԡʰȥ
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Ҳܿ޺ۼˣĳ¾׾٣Ժܿ찲ͽ˼ָתˡ
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ڰһͳʼûϢϢΧţáõġ
ͷ䱾һ壬ڽСԱߣ򵥵Ķĥĥ䣬ռƵġ
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Լֿˣ룬ˣĶʦġ
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æ԰ʦߵңҸղŰѸʦֵĸˣҪٻȥһ¡
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ܣʵղ˸Ա߻Եġ
һܻȥǸɵ¡Ҳ첻˶٣»ļΪϡ
ǵģʽҲеףģһеϣأһʦܳء
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ʩһ񣬱۾һ֮󣬻˵ĸ֣żɡ
λʵΪߵķ޴ʦֻ֪Ҫи࣬λĶǼ黰֪ˣǸ˲ѣλ޵ĹԶ϶ģ˼˵ġ
߸˵ģȴ֪ʦ͸˹һֱĿ濴ţĿ͵Ĳ񻰣żȴֱĳǡ
ûзЩ߳ȥʱ˷ܣŲﶼ죬Цݷǳģʱ򣬸Цü䡣
޵Ըģԡȴûӵ
Ҳֻ֪׾һ±ҺóԣÿģģȻ۹ߣֺõģڣֻҪģͶϲ
ɣʦȥʯ鶼ϲģ㡣
͵͵ȥ¥ȥ̹˵ļɣҽУͶҽɣԴӻͦģ˼ҵͷ˲С
ûõģܶ˿ѡԲԡǽӣ㷢ְһܲСܶΣָˣ첲ˣײһˣײͷˡ
ԼһһɿǵǸң˼գͻҡҡ׹Ǹ׷
ʦǵûȥˣʦ˵ʮҪҪص
׷ʦĴҵδɣһʱ̫ȥӳʦʱ䡣
̬ǲǽȢϱСûĵİҷ˼


88 
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Ҳǣʦ𲻶
ǾͲȥ
ȴˣǻذɡī˵Ҫš
ţҲòʦ
Ҫȥ⼸죬ǼӴˡȣѾֹСָˣһ찲ýǶʱ֮ǰĴǡ
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͵͵£ֵ˵ľˡ
س͵顣ʦ᲻֣ᷢǷˣɱյİֿʼ
һӴ۾ͬ౻߬סƵģʦ籩ȻһԼڼΣյĴеĸо
֪Լʲô𣿡
ûӦ仰˼ʱǰĹߺȻ䰵̶΢ͷȻȡ
סɵˣܴϴݹһ׺ݰԵ·ҪɵΣոУû˵İȴΣսϲ
·ȥãϵ׺ݣű£һϧζ
ƿִΣգܵҴ
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ʲô֤ʦ㡢Ǹ˼𣿡۾Ź⡣
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ΪĵģʽȻ˺޴Ŀϲаһϣס§סĲӣЦıˡ
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Ӱϸоһ˿⡣ľȻʦʵӦŶԡ
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֮ףȥԲ˵˶ΰ̫ãīҲħĵ밲档
յﶼܸˣرīݵõڷŪС֮ϸѩڻ
ûīԵЦݣȻī״˿¶ʱҲͬʱٲܵȻ٣Ҳϳ´ζף顣
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׽ʮڣЩʿûϰףҲԶʮһЩܾ˵Ҫĺʢ󣬺úţûá
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˵οŰСӳˡȻ˿пӡ
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аɣãûҲܺá
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˵ҵסȥǵʱʦֱˮںī̹ǵĹϵأǻط̹ףҲ֪Ρܲܽܵˡ


89 
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ףѵõĳ˳ٶۣûⰲ˵⡣
ʦһˣʲô˼ףϱȫһ£ǳãȻûס
ηӦЩʲôµûбף϶١

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ð춼ûˣɫ࣬㡢㡪
˵ʵħ磬ʦͽһҲʲô׵£˵Ǳʲôһʦͽһȥˣף񶼲
ڲǱ˰˰˵ʲô˼֮ףͷð̣԰ʲôηˡ
㾿˵ʲôŭʦ𶼲ˡ˵ģٴʣֻǲܽܶѡ
ոЩǸǱǰ˵ΪĵĻ
ףȴǶҪˣ߱ʦλĶðˡ
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Ҳͬ⡣
Ҫͬ⣿ͬҲͬ⣬ͬҲñ죬ЩߵûûСû¡
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֪ʲôϲСӼҵһʱʣ;ѡףԺһӱĳĻ
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Ҫǣ͸СһԼĸ鶼ǳƶġ
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Ȼףܿӿڵʱȥס

ףͲ廰Ļᣬȥץסĸ첲ڿ֮ǰʦܡ
ףܳ˭ãôƫƫϣκһˣ˷סԸ˼һǾһʵҲ޴󰭡
Ϊǻκһˣܱ֤Ǹ˲ҹҸίܣϲˣҲԽ˸ߡ
ϵʱأ͸
Ҳֻôһ͵ķӣʱ˸ˣɾǰһ˵ʱû취Υ
ûΥף飬ͷһƫ˵ҪҪȥʦסһʱ䣿
ףͰһ˸סһֻ첲İգգۣ԰ʦҪȥʦһ£
ʦ鲻ȶ˳ŵ㣬ʦˣˣͶˡ

ǰţףݲһαغףһ£ûǸҪ
ڣŻбҪġ
ڰĿ£ŴǴӦֻ۵ӹףͽü¡
ܿף齫Сߣ°ͣ°СףģСģҲף˵Ҳеˬء
ҲǰСʦ֣ǲҲá
ܣ֮ǰ죬ղ㶼ʲôң
ңܵɴۣ£͸ף˵ˡ˵Ķԡְɣ
ܲصҷʲô𣿡
ǽСˣʦܣ¾ʦԼĲס
СʦܸҲϵأҲҵĻ
СҲҵСײ֪£ʦֵҲúúøЩ¡

һһǷ˶


90 
ⰲһסף͸ĸ˵֯ŮţƵģ밲ǳĲˡ
ףΪ뷨ӽȳ;ģһθ˼ҳ
ҼǵãиŮ²̫˳
λ֪ף˻⣬ʵʵݵصԣʡİ
ף飺ôˣ
뽫СͽһŪߵģǲʡĵĹŮء
ӲӲ֪СʱʵãԽԽˣΪһСѰٻģ׵Ҫˡ
ףüѰٻǲҪˡ
ЧΣⷨӴ𣿡
һ˫üš˲ˣ˵ĶԣⷨǲãҪҲǹŮһֻ͵Ž˸ˣüԼҲӲĳ׵ġ
λü۵ؾɥΪ£ֵڣǹŮڶԹˡ
˰޲ýǸ˼լСӵιȥ
̧ͷף֧ܲܰУҪôźã
ȻӻûкӣڲϺ֣üץϣĵݣףС۶һ·ˡ
ף۾ƿߣзӣõ﷢
ǶֻһûСŮϲϲɣƤӵ¿ţʲôŮֳԲ˿
˶̰ɫͼʣŮϲʲôģలżˣҲͲֻΪǸѰٻˡ
ü˼Ҳ֣ûףթûӻǣף˵䣬粦һ㣺ãͻȥԣллӣлл
ü˸߲ҵغܿףǣôˣףȴֻиƵķݶ
ǼλֲһһķӶãЩҲǰ״ףػӻ¡
ǼҰôҵľͲλСأȻҲˡ
.
ףĸƵģúͰ棬ȴô򵥵ġ찲£찲£ʱʱ굽ӣ͵
ףһα֮󣬹ȻͿֹˣһϺͰվһ飬ףܴ̼
ѻ԰ֻ޵ش̼䣬԰ǲ÷ƢǱֻܶ㻹ܲɵˣ
ܺܲʦӲҪһס
ס㻹Աţ
֮ǧټƲ˵棬ҲֻȨ֮ƶѣվǸ÷ӣףżѻ𰡣Ȼ˶
Сĸף˱裬ȣʦֻû
ףڰͷһ£Ȼ̾˿̾İɬ
򴽣ףϹԹ£ף˵ʦ֣Ҳûʲôõġ
ϲǵȻǧõģȻٷҲơף鿴ǾôŶˡ
ףɫ밲˵ԼģĹˣϲ㣬Ժĵʱأ
⻰ǲϲģÿС¶Լ쳤ؾãף˵淴ˣ˵ᣬȴֻ˫ֽգܣ˵ûʲô˵
ףģҲû£ʱͲһˡɵӣʱǵ˸ˣұģҲܰ˸šĵĻϿɲ߾ߵĵġ
ף԰һǧһ⡣
ף̾Ϣһʦ־ǵĻס㣬Ų
һ仰ðסˣģҲֱһصʦˡ
ף飺ͻʦãʦֵģ۲ѡ˺òã
ֻףЦףΣҲвͨ
˵ˣֲǹҼңҵöʦ˵ѡֲѡأ
ףֻǺǣ԰µû˵
ǺӾ󰡣ƽҲõģһ˱
ǻǵѹ԰׻׻յ˵ᣬ֮²ÿأרԼʵ;ζṼġ
Ҳûа취ף鵹ҲǸüһСҺܶУɲΪϴ·ͨ
ԾͰˡ˭ҲС
ףУʦ̬Щ˳ɼʦҳףôȥǰͷϱӦҲʦְһġ
˵أʦַģΪʦ飬ϾʦôҲøء
аɣ˵ģ̸ʲôǶеģΣǳȥһ棬žͳ
ףҲ˰ôͿϰأôͿϰ
ǴڹҩĻҹǸӣ°˼ף˵Ծͺ˹ȥϲϾϲ£о仰ǽС鲻֪һֱףðԴ
ô˵Ͱ£ףûб¸ֱӽɢˣͼҵټҵǰž̫иĽϰֳѹ˹
ףðȥԺרղһʽףǰ˶
ͦеģ°ˣ
ף飺ʦæжٴ¿æģѾźȥˡʦģʦ𽻴²˲
ѧϰ֮ҵְòȫ
ףʾûصܾ̣ܾѧҲġ

˵ԽԽˣף̫ǿķݶϲ㡣
ף飺ֻ֪Ҫʦ֣ʦ͵üҡ

ͽŵĺݰ
ɲ𣬰մӺˣףüں
ɵеСĵãʦֺʦ𿴿
ף鲻ѵ⣺ʲô۸ʦܵģ
æסڱ֣еûУûе¡ʦʦǹʹΡ
һǻŰϺȵĻţûף鷢
͵һ˴ôףôͽأ
ڰͰ涼¹Ƶʱ򣬹ĹҲˡ
˶Ӹ˸ϣãԼҲ⵰ҲܾôƬǻóܹܵĻȸ򵥽µĺסĹ
ûܱˡ
γأħġϴΰͰסʮסӰټˡ
ǳܹȰϣʧʧˣǮû˾ûˣŪɾһǮۿˣ۵ŰɣҪҲ̫ˡ
ƨǮĸСô˵û˾ûأ˵Ŀɡ˭ϣ˭֪ۣ
ǰɣܹܺ仰Щģǲİ
վħˣǮ̻̻㣬Ĳĺܾ㡣


91 
ò͵ȥҵʱ򣬰ͰҲǺòײ˦˵һ
ʱ䰲ۻˣһѵֵĶһݲߺȱ߿ء
źţӵݵ˰ߣü۴Цͷˣ͸ںʲô˵ҺƵģ¶á
ʱ밲Թȴһ涼ף˵̫˳ףˣףԽԽš
ιһ󣬿һת˭أҲֻܶӰˡ
ȻҲ˰һ۵Ц
֮ɵϹ۵徢óһƲ죬Ȼһ㶣ⲻ̫԰⣬˵öǽǣ
԰ô˰ǽǣһԣ
ǰ;һƬ谵ֻƹȻϹİɣ
û¶棬͵ˡ
߱ĥ£˵ͽܣյʱӦûһģŻϵģ
ԽԽơ
Ųһ٣һ飬᲻ǽҩڰûãֻǡ˵ûиСͽܳԽҩ
ҲǲܵġϾֻǽҩ˰ûۿͽܷǿŽҩ
ͽܣȴֻһͽ⣬˵ͽб˼Ҳ˵Ĺȥ
һӱµ˼·һʱ˼ࡣ
ûô㣬ȴ˸ͷˡ
ֻЦе䣺䣬һΪʱûˡ
ǺǡЦĿ湻ġǲ˿£ҹ
ϵࣺ˵
䣺ãҲȦˡϴεĽҩѹûиͽܳ԰ɣ
̽ȴɫк
ֻЦһĪҿӹ̫ƽˣҪҸңҵ¡
ֻġˣ˼λõˡŶˣϴһ𣬲֪ΪڻָûУ
һҭͷһвðɣЩвסˡ
˶ٵû˼˰ɣǿͣ͸ߵģϴдǵʱûС
㻹˼£ԼдʲôԼ֪ǲǸĽѵ̫ˣ㻹ô˼
䣺Ҳô˵ɣǷƪôҲûɣ
͵ӭ㣬Ͻ뿪ҿ㡭
δĻвʮ㣬УӭҾߡСǼ
ûʱ򣬳ѾɳȥԶ±ץסٰһᡣ
Զˣ°ĥˣ˵˵ĻǼٵģ
ûʲôҲ˵Ϊϴε
ûʲôô
һ·ħڣﻹûз£˸װֻˡ
αװɱīҪ߶ˣΪй޶ؼΪҲ䡣
īݣòô䣬ϵԶʣ񣬶ġʶˣܿ
ǣÿϸ񶼸ٵ׼׼ģݼøӰۡ
䱾Ҫģ˭õԲԣҲܰĻɫ㣬Υ͡
Ǻ룬ˣǶάֵڰǰɣôŶǷָأͻһ˿ϣ
ٴλ֮󣬾ͷ˰ǳӼѽӴõǾǱ̽̽
ȴǲ֪ЩѾףкЩˣæʱ򻹺ãһʱʱػ뵽ᵽʲôһղ
ôãʦ̬Ҳ˿ҲðЩСա
ϡĴ򿪴Ű
ҲκЦˡ
ŰЦôҲǹˣΪ֮£Ȥζ
صɵЦİıǼ⣬ʼ춼ʲôʲôȤ£ֶʲô
Ҳ˵ԼģΡ
һֱü۵׶Ц
һ飬ʱر죬ڰһҹģûܳԸҹ﷿ű֮ףͽ˱ץ˸ֳǳرΡ
εҪǰףͰһһڡ
ףðС磬԰ʦҹˣСʦܸϢˡ
תͷǲϢʦҲпգȥԺ
Ϣʦʦֶذɡ
ʦǸų̸ļҳƵġ
ǵʦĺˣʦַǸף˵ˣףܲסˣǾĸ龭飬۲ҪҲա
ţʲôĲȰֵġ
Ƕף͵ģȻʹҲȻףڷһ㣬ܲð͸жðΪίˣһһð죬СɫԼҲǷǳģоԼռء
ȻЩҲǸС͵ƵģǱףġ
.
˵س䣬˲ӣʱ̹עŰϢڵȵ˰š
λǰҪգʱ̶˵ףŽ˷˳ʹȥ¥
ܳ͸͸ˣ챻Ҵʦѹ
£㣬𣿡
˼񣬵Ѱ˽竷԰ף鵱֮һ
˵ͷܸоĳףΪĵģ΢Ǿ䡮ҵĻס㡯
ʵֺγΪףΪ룬ԲѹӶһ͡
ֶб뷨Ҳ㡣
֪˵
ҲãҲĲݡ
Ҳûб뷨ͦõģֲҿš
˻Ӳȴ
һλҷңôûأ֮ǰڵģ
Сǵ͹Ǳܸ㱣ãٻȥң֮ʯٽ
λĹӲǵͨ죬߾ӣҲǹˡ
СȻȻ
еһС׹ӣᣬǶҪý֮Ѻȥ⾽ȴû취ᣬҲڻݡ
ĿɨߣȻĿͣ˰ϡæӣȵȣȵȡ
ɻ󣬲ͣãʿ£ղҲ䣬˻ǽǮʵЩðʧġ
ȴǣϾȣȴȻֱ㶵ضŰ룬Ȼȷص˵ͷ飬˻顣
˼ЦЦǸû˵ʲô
ĵСʱҲѸ͹٣Ǯܲ
ǾȣС׹ӵĸˣȻֱ㶵ض԰Ҹ㿴㸶𡣡
һЦ˿ǣи䲻˵вģƢõģɲñ˵
ȴѾԵС˵ҪһȥæҵȻٸǮ
Ȼ԰ɷ˵仰
аɡ˲ڲ䣬Ĳ£˵ȻǺģ߾
ǰȵҪ˵ʲô
ҧ˻飬ҸҩҩƣȸһٿʯСеĻʮʯҲУˣǮʮʯ
ӰЦãһٿʯʮʯ⣬ȸһǸʲôôȷҾ˻أڶң
æֻҰڶƭˣûƭ㡣
һټĹ֮ҩҩټģζҩϳҩԷҩʱ֢֮״紺ҩ
봺ҩͬҩ˶ҩĵһ֣Ϊ顣
ҩʼڹ򣬵֮Ҳܼ
˵־ȵصͷҩʦҲܿģҲƽҩʮʯ󡣡
ͷ͵ĸͣز䣺ֻǶȫҪһЩ
еľ룬ԭӣλҩʦֲйҩζ
˵Ļ˼ôأ
ȻʦָĺˣӶʼľˡ


92 
ĸ첲ŻعλҩʦĲǮˣֶȰŸŸס
ͷС
λҩʦ˸ߣǵؿŰֹɻʵġһⶫܵʱ࣬ⶼʲôԱҲ֪
鲻̫ԣҲֻǵȥҼλҽҩʦ¿
ͷС±ŵˡ
šֶ֪԰Ҳǣλ˵δġµ⣬˵ɺ֮£λǲǱͼҲδ֪
Ŀοȴûð϶٣ǿЦһ£˵ĶԣȰҲһλϢȥϸһȻˡ
.
ף겻ģ΢üǺѳȥˣôˣ
ף鲻ⲻϲһգСӾѾ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷû¡Ȼֶףʦ֣ȥ鷿鿴
а
˹ڶҩ飬ȴûзνġ顯
ףʲôأ
ף񰡣ף͸¶κοڷ¶ֻ˵ҪѰһ׷˵ҩۡ
ף˵ôңʦָ㼸
Цŵллʦ֣һҪԼҡ
Ǿɡ
ȥ﷭ˣվҲûзֻƬ֪ҩôأֻѹλҩʦı졣
ϣǺߣȴʼնƲȥĲ
ôҩأ
ô档ôϲַĵôܻǼٵأȰʱ򣬼ʹװ£ɻǱʵ£
ԥһµʲôʱȥһˮڣҴӦǸ˭Ҫȥһġ
Ǹ˭˵īˣ˵ͱת˼·
ЩִҪȥ
һ룬ʳԲá
˵ŻŰü֮ϣôܲϲأ
ϲôٵأ
ͷ͵¶ȣֻˣȥһ£͵ˡ
ż˲䣺ʦҪһȥҵìܡ
ìǲܵģᣬī֪ĹϵɾͲֹìˡ
һȥһᵣġİɣҲҲƽϾˡ
ǰ˭Ӷø˭ҲûôõİҪõԽԽࡣ
Űġ踺ء̲סЦ֪ʦ
밲մһָЩǼٵġôǼٵأԼоκΥ֮
ڰ֮󣬰Ц⽥¡
ȻҪȥˮڵ˵Ū˹ȥǵٴιʱȻ¡
йⰲȫǷȱе紵ݶ߶Ƚš
Ըȥȥ鰲⼸յ쳣Ӵʲôˡ
ڰԸȥʱҲҰˣλҩʦ֮ˣԼ˵͸¶ģĳ֮ҵˡ
ǰԼ˵ҩ˴š
һ֪׵ҩʦΡ
ֵλʶЩҩʦǴ£ǵ¸ҹȥȥɡף֪ҩʦΪôء
ȥףϬĿɨ˺ü£ףŻΪ˽ڣҪͰء
ף齫Ľ֮ǰ
ȥ֮԰סҲ˲ɰɣˣôס

ܺ͸¶ھһ顣һǻǿɡ
ȵ˵طλҩʦֲֿ飬ȴҡͷ念Ѫʢβ
һλҩʦѪʵ磽⡣˸
밲൱ڣ
æλҩʦĻ֪顯ҩ
λҩʦ֮˵ûмǺܸȤƵҩȴҲеģֻҪ˵ҩЧҪԵĶࡣ
ӶôˣӶʹˣ˭Ŷ˸ˣ͸ľżܲ࣬ûʲô˼
Ż
˵֣˻˿Ŷû仯Ҫѵࡣλҩʦ˵һĸȤ
ȴǻⲻ
Աţ˼ؿҩʦ뿪֮󣬿Ű¿Ϊҩ˭ϲ֮⣿
ǿǸܣҲΪҩϾλģ˶֪ҩҩֻĶѡ
ȻǾôһϲˡ
ʱҲ밲ҩ٣Ƕ԰ôǸ˿ɷȥһĵϸϾǵֵ߳Ҫ֮ˡ
ҡҡͷ
˵ҲСһ𳤴ģϲ֮ˣҲһøһġ
ϻмʶ˵˼ϲ߽ӽ£ҲܰŶ࿴
ɰȴ˲һ鲻á
аüûǸ˵룬ʲôǲ鲻õģ;ðǸ˻ĽµðпǱ˸ҩˡ
أⲻС£øˡ
֮ȥǸҩʦʣҩƳˣ
ҩʦ̵ҩֲϼա
ʵҩֻ뷨˴ӹ͹ˡ
۵ع۲Ű飬Ѿȷ˰˾ųɣͰȱµģͽˣۡ
ǷƲϹģλ
¾һ¸оһˣһĥһ߶԰˶𣬾ҰģٸҼգȻѡ顯ˡ⼸գûϲϵ˽ӴԷԽԽ
˽ҩ֮ɡ顯Ĵһ
䣺ܵģȻٽӴΪã֮ĺ֮¡
Ҳ֪ûȥֻһͷȥҩɣ콫ҩóȻ񡣡
˵žǡ
䣺
δ˵䣬Ȼλû顣
.
Űڲˡ
ʲôǲԸҵ𣿡
۾˫۾ȻԵģӰڰȴǴĻϲˣΪѾʼɣЩʵ
Űû˵
ס֣ͷŰָԸҵġ
۽޲˲Ĳգǽһµ£ϾȻһҩ˿δ²ܿƵذһˡ
Űָһ٣̧ͷ밲˫Ŀԡ
ҩͦģȤǽѧϰֻ˽⼴ɣ
ʦ˵ĲŰ
Ĭ˺һǣǣȻĸ˵˰
ô̯Ͳ£ͲһȡǿƵֶΣ
һֺΣյϢӰɢȴֻǵʦ𣿡
һ̵İðоΣİڷϵҲİ
Űô֪ʦ𲻻أ


93 
ŰĿĳĲΪħɲʲôģϲģǿȡŸ硣
ԣ̯Ϊֻ˵̫ɵֻ˵Ŵˡ
úúٽ̽ģڵǼΪףԼΣ֮صġ
ɰȴûбܿ۾ôŰȻ˵˵᲻á
㵱ʱ˵𣿡
𣿡
ĻΧΣյնˣһʱû˵
ֳĬֱŭ˵ףűơ
ʦ𣬲Ǵ˵·ԸҸղھãȴʦȻԹˡ
ΰȴûٴף飬ֱץߣףϾüҪȴǿӲصȥ
㡪ףĻû˵꣬ʹϵʦ֣ȥʦ
ףʶ˲֮ϵ״̬ܲԣףôˣ
ҡҡͷʦеСŤʦֲùܡ
ʱһͼŭãףеĵ֮ɫʢն԰ʦŵСʦܡ
ڰŰߺףüչܲðһԭˡ֮ǰǰ̬ǿӲҲΪԸ⡣ɵʱȴҪâ
ףܲ⡣
ʵҲûбŵû˵֮ǰиƵĲܣ̯ˣ࣬ǰѷնӸ˰
ûиܹѹѹΣϢҲ֪Ϊ¡
ץŵ֣ȻΣˡ
ȴֻǵǣ̫ˣеۡ
Ͼ͸Ƶɿˣ˿ңЩ΢İգðֳЩ΢Ц⡣
Щ΢Цð׽ͻҵĸӻˡ
ҲɳƵһ˳ᢣ˼İ֪ʲô˼
֮ߣڸǶ²ŶԣΪʲôЦ
ЦĵѰ޴ûס
ٴץסֻ֣࣬ðˣӲصҲ뿪һޡ
֪
˰ס֮ǰסǸԺӣȷȷʵʵǰԼסĵط
ĥǱȦˣ
ȻкܶԿ飬ҲܳͥԺתƣʳ컻Ż
û밲֣Ե÷ƽóԳԸ˯˯ʲôʲôǱˣͦڵġ
ҲðеȣȥӦġ
ʵҲֻǱѣס̤ʵһջԣδһֱˣǽһܿµ£úõ˱ôή
ڰòʱ԰ȥߡ
ѸٵС˵ն˻ָߡ
ֲӰ˵֮У˵֮ǰԼĵ׵֮ʱһֱڡ
ȴûбļᶨܾˣ԰ȥߣߺòãȥơ
ҵúһ𡣡
ð
ŰţԽԽʼԱߵʱһ˿Ц⡣
ȻһΣͻܳڶΣȻһͻ˵ڶĹؽܽйؽ
һγ֮󣬰ʵкü죬Ȼʦֶʦǡ
˵
ǲû㣿ҼǣҲǷģͲˡ
ǹϵá
ЦôǵĴ׶԰
ȻЩ˵ĴˣοڽͰĹϵŪһ㣬ףֻи˵ķݶ
ҲԵģʦһܿԣ
Ծܾģһһ𡣡
ĴӦðһ¿סǰ㣬һ½סŰĺ촽ԽԽ
֮ǰЩܻᶯͰǣְ׸ĸ찡ܶܵСһҲһʧˡ
ԽԽסİסˡ
ǰȴȻͣ˶ҪȥȻ󱻰һ¸׽ס֡
ɤЩƣĿĳȴˣΪʲôͣ£
ܿĿΪҲ֪ΪԼ룬ΪҩԲ
Űû˵ֱӿ͸˰ĵ׵һ뷨òŵףܹ
ף֮ܵǶ԰һܻǴðסͰŰü˵Ķо
ĻԱߵİ˿Ը⵱Űƽϡ
ǰܸ첲һƣ˵ûе£Լסʦߵġ
ܸҭģ˵СӴ˲͸첲ˡ
һ˭˭û塣
һŵף飬Ȼһֱ΢Цţ۵żɫȴδɡ
ףʦĹϵ岻ģסҲ񻰡
ԼסɣڴˣֵҲиˣסʦԼҲ㡣
Ҳϣҽ̳СʦܣΪ֮£ͽĶˡ
Ĭ
ܣ⻰û
Ȼ˵ǿԽɵ£ǲ岻֪˵ĲǸ˼ֻҪ߶ѡ
԰ֻǴۣҲ֪Ϊףô仰͸ıע⡣
ףЦЦ֪ʦ֣ٹҾͰȥ
ףߺ󣬰԰Ҳ˵ȥֻ뽫ʦǺЩʱա
֮ҰȥҲסȥ
Ҳ֪
ͷЩѹصҲ֪Щ
Űķ˵ˣꡣ
Լǲףܵģڻܷ浱˺ֻ°Ҳάֲڵƽˡ
ǲԸ⽫ǿάֵİƵľصġ
ֽʹͷ̧𣬱һ䣺ԹԴţ֪
ʱûʶĲˡ
.
ף֮Ȼúõģĵ׵ĵȴȻû٣Ȼصġ
ϴΰʱ̬ģ֮һҲĲ
˵ģϣΪ֮£ͽĶ£ҲţΪڸ֮£ͻὫĸ¡
԰ס֮һͷ粻״̬ܾԡ
ɾﲻԣȴһʱûŪס
ҹ˾ʱ򣬰Ҳһ¡
νġáôһǸ֮ѾղزŽںõĴǰˡ
Ҳá
ԸһֱȥɰԸȥ
յĻһֱ߻죬˵֪ΪԼҪ׽Ϊҩ
Ļʲô˼ѵпΪԼҪ׽
еһƿڵƹɢ͵ĹߣװŵľǰҪĽҩ
Ҳ볹׻ٵȴһֱûٵĽҩ
͵ĵƹ𣬼ʹֻΪҩˣҲԸȥ
ɰȴҲ̲ס룬Ϊҩһ˿ΪԼ
ǻὥ㡣
ʵ֪ǹ˵һֱǴġ
İԸ˿˰̰ܴﵽã˭ֻϡЩٵĺǿҪģ
Ҳֻ˿һѣΪ̫ӣʧȥԲԸðա
ֻƿڰãȴֱ


94 
ļգల£ֻ˰ĻЩ
Ǩŭİλĳη˺ݣȻأҲħڰ̽ӣĹңˣͲôС
뽫ֱӸ׽ģ˭Ǽһܵ죬һͽѿأ
ûץס䣬鲻ôǻʱȴѾˡ
ʱڿ飬ֻ˰һֵۣͷԼȥˡ
죺춼ʲôˣ
ͻش𣺡ʱȻڿⱾ顣
ûֱŤҲûսȴ֮ǰһ֮ǰ˵ʱоôô˵Ȿ齲ʲôʲôÿÿȥֶʲôѽҪϺôһġ
ðܲϰߣˣˣʼˡ
ͷ飬Ҳ˱Աȴʵûпȥ
ڶգ԰ȥ䣿
á
һ꣬Բ⣬Ϊð鲻ѣ̬ȵȻҲȻûȺ
ǣһ죬԰Ұܽ
Ȼ˵˵㣬Ҳ˶㾫
˵á
Ȼɣܶ죬ǶЦģЦģȴǶŰģһߣָֻ˰ӡ
۲ŰˣüŲ
Ȼףˣҽףй
ͷźá
ȻǰԼģͷһܣף
ףҲǽ˸ˡ
ǰɣĹ˽֮󣬰ף˵˵ЦЦף֮һָֻԭֻԴҪ
ðʹ죿Ȼ֣߳ɰİ˸ܡ
ڹ۲찲ʱ򣬰ֺγⰲķӦ
һϵзӦ۵ףŰļ꣬ڰûĵط𴽽ǡ
Ųʦ
ھǱȵģԽʱһ㶼ˣ滹еС죬á
ޱַһҳ飬ʵʦҵЩСͦÿġ
һʰдİˮ󺺻ݻ裿һµӸȥȫˣ
֪һӵ³Ȼûд
ȻζĶ࣬ȴԡ
ŰǵĸˣϲСûȤɲ
ֹգܲȥڶ԰ΣҲ飿
˰һᣬΪԼԽԽϲ㡣
Һٸ׽
Ű˵ЩΪҪҩ
̹ʳϣԣҪҩ
ǣʦ˵Ҳġ
ʦҺ£ҿʱǼٵģֻҩضѡ
ʦҪģѵһҩص𣿡
ţ类ػĻڽڰˡ
ЩӵİĬ˵£վһ
Ĭ뿪ֻ뿪ʱĶӣӰҲ͸Ǳ
һ뿪ĵһûҲ
Ϊһ°Ҫȥüյģ糿컹ûʱ򣬰һ۾ͿһԵİ
΢䣬˵ҹϮȴ˲Ǿƽˣ˵Ҳ˾ģʦôô͹ˣ
ţҪ˵һ䣬ڵ䷿ռǰԭң֮󣬰ΪҪͬһ䣬˵ȿȣͬҲǷǳпܵġ
ȻװͰͰ˵İʱҲͦ˵ģס䷿Լͱȥˡ
ǰʱ򶼡ˡİҲǰ԰ԭ
ˡİʱݺأŰ·һܴľ
ʱ򣬰ڵҩԸ㡣
۾һ
ô
ΪôףΪĥЩӡ
˵ЩӦ
Ƿ˽ҩ֮ҲҪס뿪˵⻰ʱȻܵȴһֶݺݵΣζ
ǳħͷˡ
ȴûнĻһһ¡
Ӱｫҩӹ£۾գҲգؿȰ˻ҪŰٱӡ
ҩ£ϰŵ۾
գգ۾ʵô
ûζ
ãȻЦ⣺ģûʲôоǼЧ
ûлɰٴθٵĽҩġ
ĻشðﲻϲµģһڰУ˫ü
֣ûϰü˻ȥϰȣȻҩЧЧ
˴Ҳ˵µĻ᲻ڣʻӣȻ˵ǹ˲١
ͷˣһ͵͵е㶯ٴУºЦ
ڣ̲סʣûʲôо𣿡
Ȼ˽ҩ֮󣬱ǰչʱҪ࣬ĵ̬Ȱȴ׼ⱻŲϲµģ԰̵ھͿˡ
һɻԵأҲüЧˡʲô仯ûоġ
԰ʦ𣬻᲻ǼٵĽҩ
òӦãûôĵ
ɻǽסԳŭܵ㣬ò¶ľĽҩ˳ȥһ̤˿ա
ѹ¶Գŭ𣬸ŲյƽɻҩˣҲЩϲҵġ
⻰һͬʱһ㶡
Լ˵ĵ׵̲ס룬һ߿ȷʵ˵أ뷨ļһƬȡ
һ֮ͷܰߣʵһ˿һı仯ûеġ
֮ǰҪƵģԽԽң뱧һһ£Ҫ֫Ӵָоˡ
ȻˣҪ˵ȫʧˣҲǣȻҪ׽ĸоһ鷢֮ǰ԰ĸоվǲһġ
Ļ飬ͷ֮󣬰԰ٵϼգȥһˣǲ˲ӣ
ֹգȻûܹ۲ȻȻڱĲϲµ״̬ұ֮֮ǰơ
ԼʵҲԼ̬˽ҩֳ֮ǵˣȴȻУֹգҲȻС
ЩͲûж԰̹ˣڶ԰š
ôʱڣСһ࣬ʱ̹עŰб仯İ񾭡
ˣ°һ仰ֱ˿ϣ°һ˲Ͷ¶Թ
ȷʵ䵭˵ȴǣ顯£ʦ𲻴ҵǸ𣿡
Ȳ԰ĸΣһ£Ҫƽϼƽϵġ
ҿûеˣҲбҪǸʱ򣿣
İʱֱװˡ


95 
ҪǸûð˵ĸоֻӿһ£һʱûзӦ
һȷ˵ʲô֮󣬰ıЩСʡ
СŰı飬С˵ӡ
ôеģҡεʱڣǲԸǰģˣϲĿԾʹƵġ
Ǹһ˼֮󣬿˿ڣǸҲôѡ
ȴòôߵصأġ
һװ˵İаɣҲš顯
أ
øٵġҩ
΢¶ɫСĵǸˣԭ𣿡
ûУôҹȥʦ𲻾̫赭дҿǻʦš
۵Уȥɲô׾ͱǣűߣǵߣˡ
һ֣ҪԶ߸߷ɣһϣ
Ϊ˱ٱǣűߣ°˵ʲôõĻ˵һ䣬˳ȥ
ڴ˷ǿӲӣҡҡͷаȣһӣȻ˵ǱţͥԺҲܴ˸ĶҲԴԴ͹˵ȥߣʦ𵱱ųȥߣ˵˭Ҳܼ
㡮ȦţҲ㲻üꡣ
꣬ɰôϲµĵȴʼˣ԰˵ҪȥһˣҪʱƽҩ˸ˡ
ձţȥҲһ
һʦǲҽ⿪ҩЧôôô
򴽣ֻǲôϡͿϲ£ôŰߵģֻҪܰѿоͻܽܡ
ҪȥŪ׵ľûжҡֵ֮һ㡪
Уʵţ֪ˡ
Ѫһǻܲ
СС˸ۣ֪ܲˣĥ䵣ĸʲô
ˣͽѪ졣
֪֪ˣǾ죿ֲҲ꣬һת۲͹ȥˣ
˵ף醪£ðҲȾˆµë
룬ûʲôûźõģˡ
֮󣬰Ͳ֪ˣҲȷʵһЩڷŵġ
Ʃףٴα˻ȥƩף⵽ĺʱķæµҲ֮
ף̽ףϣҾ㰲ʦ֣ȴǲŵģԲûи߽ף顣
εٺãʱѰڡ顯ϢļлɳֵΪҲףо˶ߡ
˵գʵҲֻնһ㣬;Źλҽʥֻˡ
һö˶İ˿һۣҸѽصĸͰƵģȥ
λʦһˣ
Ҳˣȥͽܺúÿ
λִپеȻǲˬģǴħͷλҽʥٴĲԼȥ
úƢظλͽϸϸؿϺǣ幻õİСûøֺöţֲҵš
һ̽еãλħԼ˵ģҪúÿ̫Եģ
ʱ۾գҲգصŽֱȵϰ£Ҫѯʣȴ´˼ҵϡ
Ŵħͷԣλҽʥֲ֣԰ͰƵλӹǺܲ
ǺܺãǴڸĵһ£İʵҲ˶ġ
ҽ㿴ƵֽС顯ҩǽ𣿡
λ޵ͷȻġ
ĻǿƲסļͿϲģ
ٴεͷǧȷҿɲˡ֪ʲôʱԷ뿪
λ޺ĻȴûȥˣֻǿŰǧ
Ҳλ޵Ļ𰸲̫ϣһ
ס֣߶Щȵģҩ˵ġ
㲻Ǳҩơ
滹δ֮ȻѾҩȴʲô̫仯ǲϲģ
ʵϲʤ̫
λץĹޣоԱߴħѹѹסļ䲻֪ΪҲͦ࣬ǵȻˣλû⣬Ҿȥ
ôһ仰Ҳ˰һƳ͵صȥɡ
ҽʥ֣
Ȼôһ仰ǽС綴ý߹ǽλǧĹҽھ΢С
Ҳû˹λҽǸʲôˣаðĿʱȡ
ȵĿ⿴̲꣬ס㿪
ۣҲȻ˶һȵķΧΧסˣʵðԼҩ
еļȻûѹȥָ˵һ飺ҩѾˡ
ڵˡ
ڼصԡ
ʦҲеҡ
΢ʧ֮󣬱롣ȻʵżϣϣĴ𰸡
ھѾð˲ˣĴǾһֱû
ֻȴһʦε£ҿɻûԭ¡

Ҫôſԭң˵ּһ䣺˷뿪һ㡣
ڰӵ仰һҲϡû⡣
˵ˣ˲ܷߡ
Ȼһϼɿڣܺõİ԰ַ࣬˭Խ˽йԲԱš
Ұˣ㱨ڡ顯ĵģȻѾ˽˹򣬲̲˳ô죬ҪЩʱ䡣
¿Էˣϵҩѽ⡣
ϢҲȻû˵ֻҪ֪û£ڸģҲͲˡ
֮ףҲף֮ҡ
⻰ðһ֮ǰ˵ף̽£Ȼˡ
µصҴ˵ѽܵеԼСܣʦֿɲҵܶٳ
ұؾתƻ⣬ҵֲС£Ϊҿ
ˮ۾ʦ֣ʦֿʲôˣ
ԼˮСʦܣףֱʹļףһϴʦȥôϲʦģ
ڣֵҪŪ˵ûԵɣϲϾϲˡ
˵顯ô£
߲ѵĴʦ֣Сʵʦֶ֪٣
һʿɰףըˣǻڵŭһйһҪ֪٣Ҳܲµĳ
ɣ
޳ܣ
̫
ߵĴʦ֣͵Ķԡ
СС㡣
ף鵹һ裬֪ʦ֪ˣֵһЩ


96 
һ¶ǣҲһ˿豭ϣصһ
ʹæף˵ˣ˵ҩѾˣףȴ
ף԰ӳȥɣҪôȥ
ʵ²ߣ˵еֻ֮˵ӴԺ͵öűˣٲյڣ⣬ղѡ
ȴζ㱻ŵĺá
ףô¶˾ġ
ףԼҲ϶ǵŷյġ
ижվͷðף󣬸ʦֱ𼱣۴ӳİ
ףüͷûչôܲ
ףֹݣڼѵûж㡢㡭
ʲô
ǿв֮¡
죺ûûСֻ֮ǰԼСɫƵģҲûռʦıˣ˲֮£ЩҲİɡ
ҲȻûףɫ϶١
ףһȥ׼ٵϼա˵ŵʱףüʵȴһնð˵ġ
ʵףкǲʡ
ףż磬µʦ֣Ǹɶˣ
ף飺ǵңҲԴ֮ܵģʲô浱ðһʦ֣ʲô汻׽Σ
Ȼ֪еѣԺĺ󻼣ףʱȴûаıȨף֮취;ˣף԰ô࣬žͺá
ȴǶףǲǣʦȱ𼱡ʦ˵ģʦǸӲˣǻǲҪʦӲӲġ
Ϲ˵ǸӲԵˣף鲢ûб˵ļ˵
ֻʦʵѾԽԽˣ㿴ȥҲܳȥٸһʱ䣬˵ͨ
ʦַģҲԼԿģʱסҲѰ
Ȱ˵ף飬ףȴûб˵ŰãȻҩĽˣȷţ
һʱûףҪ˵ʲô˳ڵŽ˵ġ
ףؿŰ֮ǰΪʦ˴ʱ򣬾Ͳͬ
ڿͬķǳǸǧĺ꣬޳֮ˣֻгԿķݶ
ڣ£ҸԵĹϵ
ףĻ۽ޣסеȴЩ΢ˡ
ףиΪҩԵʣʦͲǱ˴𣿡
ҡֻ˵һ֣ȴ֪Ҫô˵ȥˡ
ףҲûдߴĵһ𰸣ҪǸʲô뷨
ȻССʱȽϺôˣҳºö࣬Ŷ˲ֲģף˵רô
һ룬׵İףǷĲҪҪģھܴλ
㲻ȥˣСҾǾҲȫʦǸɣ֮ǰʱʦҲûжбģԼҩ֮׷ʦġ
뵱Լǧ㹴еСصȻҲҲΡ
ʦʵҲûжʲôֵ¡
⻰ֱףһ죬һָͷʹ˰׵ϣڵĻҪɸ־жɸ֡
Ҫֵ£㻹˵Ȼǡףȴȷʵ鵽һѶϱ˵Ů첲գ˵ûϢС
ʲôΣʲôΣףƲסǲɵ
㻹浱Լʦ˼ˣϺ꣬˼׷׷ϣ
ǲף鶼ԥ˰ͷϣǸλãʲôջû˼˳۵ģװ׷ɹӣʲô˶ռˡ
˵ףüĶ⽫ɵĵض⣺ǸҩôôɣǲеҩҲİ֮Уôô
棬ף²⣬ͳ˳ǣʦ֣̫ˣľˣҲ㲻ʲôİɣ
ףȴ̫ˡԼȴ˷Ƿ֮룬ҩҾͲܺް취
ʦҲܵġ
ףɸֵصһۣ˵ǧΪʲôЩ㣿Ϊʲôõҩĵһʱ͸ˣ
ЩѵĶˣ㻹ҪƱ磿
ΰҷˣĲԣʦҵǸ
ף΢΢ۣҲܰǸӣɼʹȣҲףǸˣ
¾£ˣƷԲ޳ܽթǼġ
ģˣ㻻ʲô˲ãֻҪ˵ҪʲôòĶܸҳһ
ףУģɶĵģô򷢵ģֲǺõġ
Щ߸ϵĴҳ̬
ףġ󡯣һۣƤã治á
ף鿴ĿЩϬЩ͸΢üŰǲҲϲˣ
ȻҩҲˣΪôҲöᷳʹŶԡ
ף֮ǰΪͶʱѾһ֣һ֣Ȼûܼᡣ
ǧǧôȳأ
ףһָͷ˰ϣ͸ƵģԴҲҶףʾ顣
ףĻҲӱȥ룬ȴӱܲģŵҲ
ȻҩǽˣɵʱЩֲһȫˡ
ЩǺΌܣҲʦ𳤵ԽԽԵˣѽǵĺ֢ѻصǰˡ
ûһϲһ㣬ܸ࣬ԼǼɫ⣬ڻûȫԭʦš
ף뿪ʱһ㶼ҲܣףײûصĲɻʲô
˵Сֱʦˣ
ڻҪҪȥ鲻õʱ򣬶ѵĸݡ
ףƳһûûεܣȻ̧žߣ
ף̬ⷬҲĲˣʲô
ܴȥҰ԰ô޾ɵˣ
°͵ϣص˼
˰һԴëе㡣
ôҲȥˣ㣿
ƳһۣĺĺվǳŲˡ
ȴڵ㿴ףסˣʦҲסþˣǲǸֵȥסˣ
ķѾʰ
ȻˣҲûŰȥסǣףסˣҲסˣܾͰƲµİɣ
⻰˵꣬ȴоЩ쬵ģȻͷۿĲϻ˭


97 
ײϵۣͷƤһ飬ܿԼ˵ûëԹϽ
ֶϽһ飺ʦɲСʦȥסգ
ԣס
ԺûûСҪһСʦܡ˵СĿһ°ɫ
ŴͣûûСأ类ŶҪСʦܣСʦܸʦģţ۲ݣ޳֮ͽ
ͷղűܸŪңָ˳
רעһ˫Ũ۽£ʢŵ飬ûжȻľͷˣȴǻҡ
ף֮󱾾ûƽľҵԴͷһš
ֿܿǸ;Լеַ࣬ΧСȥ԰ɣҾ˵ģ԰˼ֻβӿҰҲ㶼ӵ
ܵóȻðȥ˭СأûеСˣ
ѵ⣬ûϷ´αŰٽѵܡ
˵˼Ȥľȥɢɢģѯʣȥ𣿡
кβɵģȥɡ
˭֪ȴʦͱȥ˰ɡ
ɫܣͽĵԽԽˡ
иأû˶ֻܵʦҲСʦܵİɣ
˿ǲϲ
æܣô˵أʲô𤰡ϲʲôģʦǵû߶Ҫˡ
סʦ°ܸѪæһһȥ԰кЩӺ𣿵ҪʦıݻŰȫ
ſڣҡ˵Ҳ㲻ˣܿҲģֻǼֻôÿصĲð棬Ķû⡣
û˵꣬ͱսϺݺݲһţȻϴƤǰ߹
ܹСûĵģͻ۸Ǹȥ
ѾǻĿϰˣΣ˵Ļȴ˼
û뵽ˡô˴µĴҲõϵһա

Ļ᲻ϲ
û취ڵİЩС
֪뵽ȥû԰ˣͷһСһ
˵ǼֻβҲˣı׳βķһһġ
Ų֮󣬾βһҶˣ˺üѣɤҲֻ֨һװë޴ˡ
ߣһһѣķʺۣ԰Ҫһֻֻëɫ
ãëë͹ˣëëԴ׵ġ
һҲԴ׵ġ
ڰֻ֮ʺͱһȥǱ׼Ĺߴ
ڵܵĴ£԰ã󣬵Ȼģٴ밲ȥססǱ˳ȥ
˸֮󣬰ľٴνӲǿ
﷭˸ۡȻ԰ĸ飬еϲģҲǸϲ
СĹ۲ûӣȷʾˣҲ˵ˣˣ
СĹ۲İ类ŵ˵Ĵè΢ۣһˣƢһֱܺã֮ǰû
ΰð˲޴ֲֻסҪҲԵġ
ǰޱ鿴ǿŵҪ
Ҳϲ
˴˵ˣӲĳ˵õģҩˣ˲ܷ֡
ȴ֮ǰʱʦΪǿʵҳʲôʲô
ʦ˵Ҫ佾Ҫҫ۷Ź⣬㰲ĵӱȱ˵Ķ㣬Щʦ𶼻ǵ𣿡
ʦ뵽ڷҺ뵽ȸ
ʦ˵ôϲôˣ
ޱӾðлңǴðɫԽԽЩһһͷ
ಢǰðˮɿ˵ȴǴʣʵܲðԹġ
Űǡ
ҪȸֻǣֻǲֶѡѾѹԼǿƺͿðˡ
ǳ߿ͦһˣʱҲһ侲޼᲻ݵݣɰţȴǰ֮Ȼ˴
ǲ˵е
ǼʦһĻǺʦĵӣ
Ŀ⣺ĻϲҲñɲϲˡ
˵ŵʱȻû٣ֶС۵ģһ£ֱܿͦ˼
ʦĹˣҪʦۣǲ֪ʦûпˣ۵¡
οʹΪǰᱻ׸ŪңϬҲûʧ
ɼʹˣɱȴȻ
û˵
ãƵصôԸһ𣿡
⡢Ūô۸ƵģϲڵŲ£ѡ˳ȴ˵ȥ
ʦ͵ýˣͲԸԸһ⣬ڵԼöԲԣļ˹ϵģҵȻԸˡ
ڰڴ˫µΣ
ʦҳšŰֵʱ䷢ºܶ࣬ҵռ䣬һ֮¡
Ļһպζָ˽ڰڴУڼѵԡ
һϲȴҴӦȥֻΪ㣬Ҫ㲻ˡ
㶣ʵ֪ģҶ֪ǵϲǸˣĳЩʱ򻹻λߵΨҶԵë
ǿڲжã˵Сļжɣ̵ҲǰϲˣԼҲ֪ģǲ°ġ
ŰԲҪʧҲ㵽ҵġ
仰ƽȴٴ͸ΣյϢð类˸ס˺󲱾һ㣬ĵӳһ˿
Ҫȥ
㶵صûá
ţҸһȥ
ǳһ£⻹Ҫţʲô𣿸ղŻôһ˺ܴĵӣ⻹зȥأ㸹ţ˿Ȼ˳ȥ
ûС߶⻹ʲôҿռ䣿Ҹղ˵Ķ˵ˡ˵ˣ˲ã˵ġ
˵İ
ǰС߶Ҳġ
԰ҪȥˮڣҪԼȥ
˵ңܸīݻûôҲûô
ǰ˵ȻҲǲģղŲǻ˵֪ҪȥĵھҪȥˮˣ
ⲻҲ֮ǰ˵õôٲȥīݾ͵ˡ
ͬʱϰҪ˵Ļɱ˵Ҫһȥˣô£Լûأȱī֪ٸŹˡ
˵Ż˻ΰĸ첲ţʹӦҰɣҲãһ
ѵõ˵ֿסϲ˵ǡϲŵһӪīǸص
ڴӦˣڴӦ֮󣬾ͽͣһա
˻ûߵʱ򣬰ѾˣһҪɵСڶվͷ˵ʱ򣬰İո
Ͳˣôڰǰôûԭأ
ЩյΪһһЭˣԼԺڰǰһֵĵ߲
ˣվǷĶ࣬ίˣԼ


98 
ڰߵĵգѾʼӵˣмӳȥĻ졣
ȥīݵĸûˣӶ࣬ʭӶ˲ծ˲ɣ⴦š͵ʦһ¾Ѿ˷ĵˣīǱѾþöûҲͲˡ
ī֮ǰһֱڵŰĵ֪ˣȻȴȾϵϲɫ͵Žˡ
ĵһʱ΢´˸飬ɫ鿴Ҳīݵ΢һ˿
īݣҴȥסڱԪ壬Ǹ򡣡
á
īݼܶ࿴˼ۣ˲ߣգˮĴ
ã㰲š
īݲͷԼߵİ⸡
ָоͺܺãˮҲûаףЩˡ
.
Ԫ治֣һ߽Ѹܵ˱֮ɫ֦ҶҲ˰ѩ
˵澰Ҳͦÿġ
Ϊȥ֮ЩЩ޴󰭣Ҳ޲ʣֻЩ͡
īȴȻɻΣ
󡣡ī˵ȻԼֽǣ
֪α飺ֲꡣ
ī򴽵ҵʱûҵ㡣
ͷаȣǲ˵ˡ
īݵϴů⣬ֱ֫ӭķҲͣˣãҲԼйı֮ˡ
Ҳ˵ģֲСˣڱСһ㱻ǣţ˿˿Ť
ܾīֲʶСչˣûʶѾˡ
ͷתƻʵһֱӣ
īһֵǲǲϰߣ׼ĵطﲻһ
½ĵطīݵĸڣů紺ķѩ֮Ǳ硣
һ֪󣿡СʱҲŪѾΪˣֲ䡣
īȴ룬еõģǾҪϡ
ӽǮīݻǮ⣬Ͳڰܶ໨Щ
ߣеϤУЦǰӶˡ
īݵΪסߡҲвһģߡ
īݸ޽סǳĴֱӰ԰ָ˼Ҷܺϰϲ
ī沿Щ㶢Žģˡ
īݣް˵֮ǾôʲֲµģҪĸҡ
Ȼóζ£ħǱûУֻҪ·ݲŻῪȻһܿһǱ֦ɵȻΣȻȤζȥҲ濴顭
īһһܵģ䣬ʱһҲˡ
һжһŲõģ͵ס
ۼؿ֦ڸǺһСţʵǱǣ
ҵסЩ´ȥ⴦СҲīⰲŵġ
īûڴȥȴŰЩ֮󣬸˰Ϣʱ䡣
īݻָ¹·԰¿ԻЩŴҲͲˡ
֮£Ϊƺõķ¡
īֽһöƸˮ߷㡣
ī룬Ӧǲû©ûŵģڵʱȥԷ
á
ī֮󣬰ִ·䣬Ҳ֪ǲΪкܶϤ֮ԭİĵطҲûþн
һȪīָůȪˮչ֫
۾ʱεİ
ʦ£֮ǰʱ򣬻īݺúͨú˵ģڣԼ֮ī˵ʱһҪپѣǧ¶ڷ
ϴ֮˹ӣ¿ҪȥǱߵķ˺ܿͺãӵȥأ
ӣ
λҲŰµԲԣҲأɽҸӺܶˣӲϲ˷̣ڱԪʱҲ࣬Ҳڱչء
ںˣڣҵôˡ
룬ҲڱԪϴܾá
Դ֪ӵϢջؼˡر׼ˡ
ŰСŴߣͼ·ľ룬ر
īݵסǱߵݻȻͬһַԺڵֲ趼٣Ҳһȥܿ仰Ҳ˵Ǽӡ
һ˲䣬īݵϾ¶һ˿ǳǳЦ⣬ǰĽ֮ˣһذ׵⣬۽Ǵǳǳ߹նɵƲעĿϸһȴʵһ⾳īµͷڰá
ȻʵעĿǣˣݿ㣬峺ϴ˿˱УҲ
ȣûв֪īġӰˣ֪Ҳ΢
֪㰮ʣߵʳīк£Ĵ½ǱߵʳҲԸһɡ
īݵԳڴУϵЩʳлīݵܸܵõ
īҪв˵ȴһ٣õл
ī˵΢ģ⻹һ̽ϡƺش۳ԲˣȥԹԵģȻĬûзīȻһɡ
Ȼǻõģŵʦ֣λչزȱҲûָߣǶܿ
ҪҪ¡Ҫûʱ򣬸ƣ֪ǱԪˣħڵʱҲʲô
īҪǰ˼˵ʦֵĶӣĵλΪĵʱħʲôðﲻҪн
ζ̻ĻðŵЦص֪ˡ
ī˵½īݵʦλķīһС;ۻһ㡣
ÿһ˰ƵļЦŵʦ壬ӲԺӦģȥҡ
֮Ҳ̬Ȳ׺͵밲˵˻һʱмڡ
£üЩ˲֪ħݣһȴ
ʵЩеȻ뷨٣Ƕ԰֪һħڰĵմӣǱܳ谮ĵ½ҵǸӲ
ôͺȻīݵĶӣ
¶಻ġ
īݾȻжӣ
ʵ̫ĵˡ
Ǹеħڵ£ﶼŲĽ磬īȫּ˵ˡ
ǶΪǣīݾ㽫ϻҲǿӲֶνħСħͷ
īݵΪǸԼ뷨˸ʺš
īݶЩΪ˲ȷأ
ͱǰӣһŵıԪ忪ʼīڱԪϴĵؽ԰ӡԪϴûæµɹѡǸ
ΪʲôΪǸǸӽסΪҩ϶ȥҪ˼˵ȥ¸ȥӶ·λӡ
Щ£Ȼīĳģ˭
Щ˶ͱīݸ˵֮£žЩ˻Ӳÿɣ
˹ˣī˾жӣҲ绻˸˵İɣ
ĻħﳤСħͷºָ
ǲӦûɡ
˿īݰôܻīأǿǱ߰һ㣬ģûԶֵ֮īݡ


99 
λΪīڶȻĴ棬ҲӸջ̫籩¶Ҫȸϻ԰ɣ֮ħﳤС竾ͻʶʲô˼ࡣ
īȻûչͽҲ֪īˣͽӶʦϸǱԹֿղʯ治
˶λųһǽСһİ޵Ĵгصĺܺõķһ˿ͬ顣
īݵʦīݵС˻ǲٰ磬Ҳˣ
īݶմֵģŪЩͬڴ˹ȥ
൱Ѹ£ʦǷʱ򣬿ûһ⣬Ȼôһ֣ҲףǵķӦȻīеڴǰȴûӦ
Ҹ»Ժ˵ɡ
īȻڴգǾ˳Űģ⻹ǰһλأȻö˳Щ
Ҳ˳¶£ǱֵĶУʵ԰ħﳤİĵմӣĲعǵġ
ҲûжҪīݲһÿ͵ˣ˼ˣҲ͹ˣͿˣٶǴͶӵദ
֮īݻ˲⼸λµģᰲİ
ڶգīһ͵Űˣ㿴ŸȤˣԺ󶼿йȥ
һīݵһصΣĵԶԶ׹һԶԶţ۾Ҫѿˡ
ˣǸˣûɣе۾š
֪֪ԱǸ˵Ķӡ
죡˸ղЦ𣿡

ж԰ĪҲжǧɽϾȻĲ˼飬ѹŵĸ־̾ʱ͵
Ǳ߿һۣһȺСӿ羪ȸ׷תͷ˻ȥ
ĵҲͦõģһΪһһ
īĬĬ˼һǿǾأ
ûȻѾһߵٲȥˣīݸϣ֮ǰ
Ǿ֮ǰˡ
ڣīڰ̾ĿУһͽǰǧֱµĺΰɽٲնˡ

һ̾īü˵˵Ļ㡣

ܵҲⲻ˹Ρ
Ȼ֪ǵü
ĽѧԴðһͷҲ̷ܸˡ
Ҳǽ֮£īݻŰ¸һȦģҲⲻڶǰˢһڸС
ɣǰҲķɿ죬һ֮ڣǵ˶ӣŶӳˣȸƵĵ¾Ѿȫ¡
ÿϢ˵ˣ֪ĸźá
ԶԶΧ˵˽Ĳ˼飬ûм澰ź
ȴû뵽ڴҿе澰ֻ꼻һֶѣ˺⣬½˼⸸һĻ档
Ȼīûпʽ˸ӣŰסˮڣϢҲʼ俪
īһʱյĺš
ǰɣīݵĶԭ̫ЩһʱټٵϢϡ
֮£ҲӲȱɡλħﳤħͷĹŵӣܳ谮ĵӣ֮ǰΪĺпܻΪһħˡ
еתħޣͽҪ˺ʦŵģλףϿˣȴħ޶ö֮˻
ī߸ϵʽ·ҲΪ¶̳Ⱦ覴á
.
ûīٸţԼȥתתֲ벻˵Сޡ
ȥûԶ͸о͵ĺߣðɣ̶̵ʱѾˡ
еӴ̽밲˵ЦŻӦ֮СѵĹħ𣿡
ЦԣΪħʲôӣħҲֻ۾һͣûͷۣҲˣֻʽͬˡ
¶СѵĹЦŵǺħޡ
ײ˵ðЦãҲ֪óĽۡ
󵨵ĹûȥǶ˼żīݵ£λĿе֪Եÿǲ١
˱Ƚ࣬æĶǴ£û˸ȥ߶šܱ˿һۣһ仰ͼ붼һ˼Ѫӣǳ˳顣
ĽصǲǺ˵ܶ໰˵Цأ
ҲģǾô
԰Ҳԣ£Ǿηأ㶼𣿡λ˵꣬ԼȻˣλڴħͷ߳ģλǸ£
˳ģ԰ħڻīݶЩ棬ͬʱҲЩˮڵ»īݵ¡
˾еīݵ¼İȻϡ
λˮڵĵ߶ͷĺɫӣĿźŨҵĳޡ
ȥǣ£
㣬ħޣħ޵£ǣ
Ȼǵǡ
áûҴˡӵҸɥħ֣֮ħѪ𣬲죬Ϊħ£Ǽϣԩ
˵һֵƣ԰롣
֮ǰ밲˵֣ɫæֹʦ֣㸸ײǰɱ㲻㡣
λڵĵĿȴûдӰƿ˿ûΪ֣ĻҡȻǼֵģ
˿ڣսҽˡ
ʲôӣ֪ʦֱ˶ֵôڵĸһǰħǱߵһС͵սһǰѾˣô¿ɲǰġ
֣ǳΪʢͷۣżĶƤӵ³£֣ԴСսǸģ
ȴֻǵħ£ȻռţľͶǽڡ
˵Ĳսⱻ𣬴ʱЩԾԾԡ
֣ͷˣٴγں˭ǵ𣿡
޳ǻڴʱȴκȰģǰӣͲǸҾģҷΪ׵ˣ˶ѡ
۱ôƵţôŭİʲþͱˣҲ֪ħڵ£ҲҶҺɱֻҪħڿսҲöҺúд
ҶϼҲˣھʳ˱ˡλ֣ﻹ˵Ϊٶٹףжٶ˲õ¼
ԭǶԴĴܣ仰Ϳ԰˸ĨڵģħȷʵȲϡ
ҪѰҶ𣿺ð
һľ棬Ű΢˲俪ʼ⽣Ӱһһңֹ֣岻ȥ
֣һ߼ţһ߳Χ˺ŸʲôϽȥ˰Ͻȥˣǡ


100 
ī֪֮˲ֻһ￴һۣͷģȻվֻǿţûֹ˼
ʱΧ۰ڵ˲٣ԶԶţ˸ǰ»ᱻ˸
˸ǰһһҲĿתҹ˻ԽԽˣΪаݣҲΪ˵ʽʽܾʡ
˶²²ĸӮܵ
Ǵ˽˸ƾǶʦֵ˽⣬ûʦֻӮġ
ʵƾһɺݾͣһʼǴ󿪴Ҫѹ֮ǰˣֹǣȻ뷨ҲûҪȡǽˣˣֻҪôҲܳе
ڵ뷨ܺãһô˳⣿
ȻףܵƴӱųΪĵӣ˵ħ飬ʵ˶Էѹľ޴ѹһв룬ӦԵķǳԽԽ
ڲģʹԽԽҲ⣬ֻҲ֪εĴ˿գԿĿӷߺ
ŹʱһսһˣҪսȦȥȴīݸסˡ
ɻʦ֣
īݱ鵭Ȼٵһȡ
˿ڰǱߣֿû˽īһۣٵȵȣ
ЩΧ۵Сӻȴܿ˭˭֪ͣʵҵӣһһǱѡ
ʹһģˮڵôһƵӣǿѿ޸Ŀ֮´ܣˮҲÿ
üٴҪֹīҲٴ
Ťͷǲɽʦ֣λˣͣˡ
īݣްСзִ硣
ţ
ͦзִģȻڲ䲻֣ͣڽ˵᲻֮ʱûм׷ʹ
֣īݺţΪԼһ䣺ִұԣ˵ĵطˮƽҲڲ£ס
ţ
ֶ治һȷˣƤӾͺ䣬һָժ˼ҵĵطҲ
ҲԼõģԼ²ָ𣿻ʲôָ
ֻʦīݶֶӵ֪Ҳ֪ԼˮƽҲˣҪ
ţ
ô;ʦ⻰Щأ
ڵصٴ˿Ѫ
ţȵȣȵȣʦھҪСȥ
īݣ£
ڱҩ￴һۣѵǻµ
īݱŽסǱѵˣīݵԣ£Ѱս֮£ҼǵӦ³̣ҵӶŵսս֮ѹ֮£ڶΪ߶ϸΪߣҲƣӦԣǵи³̵İɣ
ŵͷ³̵ġ
īĿϵڣЩڸղŽīݽסŵмңȫˣСڣǻҪ׷ս֮
תӣСֶϾСֶ㿴أ
ͷ˵ûˮȻŹȫġ
īݶһķŤͷ۾Ҳһܿóûȡ
סīΪˣлҪö඼ǵġ
ͻȻϲ⡣
īݵϲͬǳ˳飬ûرע⵽īݵĳƺкβ֮ͬ
ǰɣ֮ǰãʦīӲĸʯ飬ðĴֶ㣬˲ʲôϵôһһ͵ģмָˡ
⸸Ӷ˵Ŀ֮£۵صУִûȥ
ҲŶˣҪϽߡ
ϴˣҩϵȴȻڷߺ޵ؿ˿ڣħޡ
Ѫ֮ħޣǻǵ𣿡
ƾʲôö֮ߣƾʲôסˮڣ
Ҳ˭Ķӣֻ֪ħޣг𡣡
˱Ϊף͸ôײǡ
ֻ⻰˵꣬Ҳ˵ˣҩ֮кתٴμأγ֮ˣֻһš
īݵɫϢʱˣ⼸ڰʱȣǱ֮֮ǰǸƶ˵ıҲҪ㷣֮ŭ֮С
Ŷʦֲ̫ҴûʦԶŭӡ
ʱǵŶڳִҲ๵ģʦִãϣ֮󲢷
ɨһȦΧɫˣȴǶŵţ˵ףǣѵҲҸñ׵ô
ҼǵħǩͣսԼİɣôҪ˺Լսô
ǿЦһ£ֶ˵ﻰ޴¡
ЦЦǺɱģһΪ˼أȻǣԴ˼Ǻ⣿˵ָīݡ

ڱҵƿԵŶԺðɣСͦάġ
ħ£ڴ˳⣬ʦ𶨲ˣһеġԣֻҪǴûˣǲϲңҲţ߶ǰҲ𷸴ǻ
㸸ħ֣֮˽˶Թбȥ˽ˣ֮սħͬҲ֮ΪҲֻǻø˾㸸Ľ֡
УҹңǣϡҲǿ߶ܱ˸ʳǿݵû߶ˡ
˵īݣƢã۸ˣţҾͲ˵
Ŷ䶯˶īƢã۸⻰˵ʦ֣ʦͬһô꣬ô֪
ɻôΪģƢã۸ͨ˼еۣǶ֪ī˽ԭԺǿͬһǰ㶯ŭɲһֵƢã۸
˵ûд
ī΢΢üȴǰ˵۸¡͵صҪǵãħڵ£Ǹʦ²ˣ㻹ҵĶӣҲһưոݡ
΢ʦָ˵ĿԽԽˡ
ֻīֵҪٰ磬ʦܰҹķҪСܸҡУҵĶӣӦͬǼӵĵλɣ
һ֮󣬵ͷ
˵ȴīְ˼ϣֹס˻ͷȻŵǺã㰲ţҺСȻȥ˵Žת˸ߡ
ԭصţ
ˣʦܵģǰǸʦֲ͵
ʲôᣬһûӦء
ԶֶӿȻžͿǸʦִֶַӵͷϣҲ֪ǵЩʲô
ʶԼȻ˺֣ʦϣŴ˸¡
ȴҲ̲סһ˿ǣʦ״̬ɱ޵߻ħˡ


101 
ˮڵīݹ㷢ķɵǸϡ¡յ֮ˣȻǰ
Ҳдīݴ˴ϲѰãԹķ
īݶһӵ£缸ѵϢҲԸ̫̾
ˮڿ쵱Ҳ֮ˣ໹ӭ͵ġ
īݴʱۿװ磬»ϽڣعãǺÿ
īߣǹȥ
ʳȣ˻ЦīݺͰж롣
īһб㾲һ˲ĿīԱߵİϡ
Ҳܿλǹ˰ɣһǣѺФưϲϲ
һ֮ӵлȮӡ
Сӷɹˣٴţ˺ˡ

֪мٵһһīŰȴЩģһͦͬӡ
ֹⷸλͦͻȻðĶӰ˽ջѵõºͣϻ˷ϲ¾ˬһʡ
īݽʽ밲ĸ֮ҲīݵùͷһʱҲ˻һõ˼
ʵȴСԶ͡δףͻȻֵʱ򣬰һͷƤ飬ӡ
ʦվЦӺݺÿҪļ֤©ʦһơ
ףһ˵ĵ˲˹
ôһħͷͷڶ޸ǰһ˿֮⣬˵ͣսԼ̹ȻԼԺӵ̹Ȼ̬֮Ҳ̫˵㣬˽
ʦʦ֣ǹˡӣ˲任ϲЦϽӭȥ
һһʦʦֺʦʦҿ̫ˣҶˡ˵Žǰȥλⳡϻˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǰãף֪ûбֳſīҲ΢ЦһԶӡ
īȴѵõһ˿ǽ͵СҹϵţôҴ⣬̹Ը֮
ǵЦ类ǶƵ٣˻
ףϵЦݺͰһ޵٣ģ֮ǳ˶ľˡ
Ѹ°ģ֪˰īݵĶӣȴҪѰħڵһ¸ڸǣѰƵġ
Ҳͬӣûн͸㣬ԣףǸϹʾȨ˼档
Ƴϵ飬ףһָͷڰϣСûĵģͻȥǸô¡
ףƣҲãʦֱ
īݵҪٰ磬Сԭͬ飬ֻǱһֱīӽ͡
ףбȥһۣҲˣҿģʲôһ֪ܲ
ŹЦҲʦѰضӣи˼С˵ҪлǶֶĶϡ
ףлͲˣħԼˣôӦöѡ
ȻףС԰ôû۸ɣ
ڵ°ԼʰˣͲף״ˣܺá˵ſһīݣףչ˵ͦõġ
ףһʰʲôʱȥɱֲ˼ˡ
Ҳſ
Ȱ˵īݱŸջҲҪסЩӣСý⼸ҲָСĽжϡ
վʦߵǼǼֶϻߵʦʦҲҪʶһ²źá

Ӱǽ֮󣬴֮еվһֱͦҵ޻ڰīǱߣȴǱмڵ˼˼ҳӡ
ֻ֮С
ͣսԼڣûսȴҲЩģ֮ħ֮Ĺϵһֱ㲻Ѻãǽŵġ
֮䣬֮֮˵иħӣˮڳϵİ֮ͽī֮ӣҲ֪ԺֻкӰ졣
λμˣ˼ȥףûˡ
λߵĻīҲͦȣƽ͵ģǿСס¡
ףҲûп
Űףסߣʦֱ£
ɲΪһ˾ͳװѵˣλϵ½֪Բ

⻹ƻˣҸݺõʵܻúģСĳ˳һһҵλʦʦҲ
˵īˣۣ㡣
ףǵˣһǱߣסҲˣ
ͷŶҲǶСħǱ߸ΪϤ
ŰͥԺסԡҪһЩһԼסĵطҪĶˡ
˰һۣףֱӶˣ°ţ֪˳ԴףʵҲʵ˵
СϵѾˡ
Դףǵĵλ˿ɺҿǵˡ
ʵˣʲôʱȥ
ĵ˰һۣΪʲôûģ
գЩȥ
Ӱ˵˵˲٣ȻףͰ԰˷䣬סԺӴ󣬷Ҳ࣬һѶûеġ
ҹ֮˹İۿİء
ʦȻʦϰǲе㲻ã
̾˿ǰ˵㣬ҲͲڹˡ
˵ҪԼĿռ䣬˵Ҫ£Ҹˣڿˣ
ԥʦ𲻾ôö࿼ǿǲǣߵе㼱
鶯ҵʵҲ㲻úãߵĵһվ뽫ˡ
͵գɱҷſղˣҪҶã
ʦƹµӰҲҲû㰡ûյء
ֻһ⣺ЩӣǷϲң
̽ʣʦܽܵڶ𰸣
ͫһܿܡ
û㻹ңã
򴽣˵ܽܵڶ𰸣밲ûеڶ𰸿ر
ˣֲĺˣһʱҲûװǸʲô˼
Ҫ˵ʲôȴվһҪЩӣҹˣˣʦɡ
㱻˳ȥȥ֮󣬰ķű˲䱻ˡ
밲Ǹʲô˼ͥԺӰ߳һˡ
ɫ£Ҳܿ˳ˮɫ
ףʱ˸֮󣬿ǲʡĵʦףõض԰ʦ˾ǲ̫ЩվīݵΣ
ףֻҪͷƤĳ;Ҫǲʡĵϸ˦ȥˡ


102 
Դҹץɺ֮ףľ˶ĸˣɹðҲҹĻĻᡣ
°ǲ֪ģֻǵڶҹûټʦ𣬶ʦܳѡ
ԺӵʱأѵΪûܺ˵ŲˣûȥĴ
ղȥīݣûðţִ֪ûСЦҡҡͷԺӵʱȴⰲûϳ
ˣ
һ£ȴ˲ڣףҲȥˡ
Ժ󣬰ȴֲ˳ȥˣ밲ǳȥˡ
ȪĿˣƮȥ޺¾Ũܵں۽޽˫Ԩ֮󣬾һ˯Ƶģãʫ续˿һ۾ͲƿĿ⡣
ڴ޺¿ʱֲͬڸղľ״ãǇȻͬһջˡ
Ȫˮ͸İɫ·ǳŵ֣ڳܿһƯ⣬ɫ񣬻ǣᡭ
һ˫ĸ첲򿪣֧ڳرϣջҲ֪ǲΪȪ¶ȹߣ˿ڸ
ȻŨܵĽȶһ˫ɵȪˮϴ͸۾¶˳޺ϣ˫۾Ҳ޺ȻõĲˣ׵Ļһ»
˫۾⻹ҲǣҲǡ
΢΢ֻƵģҲƮջ󣬡ˡ
վˣվʲô
Ľż΢ǰŲŲûûá͸յ
ʦ˯ˣݾ˻塣
ȵЦ΢΢һȻµĹʦܸˡ
Ȼӳվһվȴָ¶ɣīķ˿ڼǰˮһһɽˮһˮӵķ˿ϴ£ǡ
ʪ͸ϣһһˮѣϢҲһ㿿һһڰϡ
ĺ΢΢˶Īţ΢˫۽޶һµġ
Ű߹ҡ»ݡ
ӻҵİѹͲ֪ڻ˵ЩʲôҺľţʦջɣ϶ɫɣû뵽ʦһС
Լһ֣ʱҲ͸ʦС֣װʲôģûôĳ߶ȡ
ЦԽԽӰ֣ŰҵӣиЦ⣬޳ָ̧ڰĶͷϣ»ݣţԴʲô
޹ģһҵĳЦðҵһ£ˣǵġ
˸ӾˣֱӴӶ쵽˲ӣϰȻϷʵ߷
æûʲôʲôû롣
貹ûãѾҰԣ
ԣʲô
ȴͷ΢ͣϢԽԽۣʪ͸ıǵƯżֱ޴ɷš
͸סƵҲ֪ӣʪķ˿ҲϣȻΥ˵ȴϤĴֱ
һǱϣɴۣ㡢㡪
ȴָϣ˿Ц𣺡ԹˣЩ졣
ղǱˮƻվɵƵġڵİһ״̬Σգæߣȳ
ȴקסһ¾ͱ˻ʲô鶼ûзĴȻ޹ҪȪģ
æҡͷҲˡ
ǰȴû֣ҲԵһ£һ£ͳȥ
۾գգ·ʪʦ𣬡ǲǲ̫㣿
ʦͷ»ݡ

˰ӣȥһԵ·
ˡȪصĵű졣
ҽˡ
֮ûȰ˵ףˣʱɫãӰ²ʱ򣬸ɫһ¾ͱȹ׻Ҫڵˡ
ĵһ˲ǰһȻӴץ˸̺ӣʪʦ˹ȥϣϡ
ԼҲɿܵףǰ棬ʦȳȥ˵
ڇ嵽˾һֻϺӣƴףקܣɿף͡
ʦԼˣûУҸչȥײˣ
ףںͰԧԡ
ףûᰲǲûڲٲҪϡ
ף˿ԾȵҪضİǾƽص֪
ǲŻôɶѡ
Ҳܿˣף鵱ȻоҪభ۾Ͷభۣȴɫ㲻
ԾȵеİȥȪھȥɡ
ɴ⣬ȥ
ףĺ£Цɴû¹
ףѹȴҲѹסصʦˡ
ȴ˵̫ˡ
Ȼֶе춢ף費ңαͽͣ
ף⻰˵Ŀ̫ˡ
֪Ҷǲֵܷģ˵ʵҲңͱˡ
ף飺£ҪΪ㣬ܶ㵽
ü֪ǹҲŶǶпݣҲָֻŵġ
ҵ£˭á
˵һ䣬Ҳвʮˣףʲϵĸ߷ΪѹҲףϡ
ף鿴ŰĮ˫ۣ֪϶ϰʱٶı䲻ͬﻹûбģȻŭġ
·ãףһᣬΣոͷ
һʱ˶û˵
ף鲻ף飬ֵܿ״̬ǿ˹ǡ
ͬʱĻڶؿҲԽԽ££¡
ޣ
ףҧʦٴһ飬ˮڣԱסīݡ
֪īݣȷ֪
ͷ۵Եǲ֪֪ʱ϶ҪģֱӾûˡ
Ӳصڲ֣ᷢͱˡȻǲȺõˡ
ףȴˮǲٴȥˣʵ̫˷Щ
ǣ˸ʱ䣬ף԰סҲãҪȥ𣿡
￴һۣȴǵһסϼգҪʦֺʦȻȥЩԼȥ
ףҲãʦأΣ
ЦЦСŵİȴˬصа
ף۾һȻȻĵģֵֻʮգʮջز㡣


103 
ʮգ̫˰ɣƳƳɫǴּۻ۵ͷ
аȡʮձʮա
ףͰˣҲʱˣף鰲ߣСС̾˿
·˲ˮڵĵӣȻ԰ʱʱ񣬵ͬʱҲЩµ˼ڵ֣Ҳ֪ǲΪϴڵ£Ƕ
ףͰ⼸գҲк˵Щ£ԺԸѺãЩ
ȻЩһʱܽģЩҲν
ȴ룬·ϾȻһ˸ѺõشкҲʶģ֮ǰʱһˮڵĵӺ
˱׼ɵӣϴα˿ףҲؽһ㲻ޡ
˵˼䳡滰ȥīīݵȻıʵǶһ˿˲֪ĵġͶӱദʱϡףͰڵʱͱһԣˣīݲıʵͦ͵ġ
ڶīݸ߰һ£ҳš
۵ᣬһȥ
۵Ĳ߾ͶһЩܽеóŵˣմⱻȥġ
߰ȥμ۵ᣬȴΪ˰ȥμӵģȻīǲȥ
īݵ˵ط˲ٵˣвٻϴεϼġ
ЩǹĲ侭ʶС࣬ÿǼǱǳӵĲűͬˮڣҲֻ˺һѡ
°룬žߺŵˣȻϴˮȷĵλ㲻ˮڱӵĺĵӣ޶ǡ
Ҳ֪Ҷīֻô롣
ī˵Ļҹ˲з飿
īݲ˼˵ҿ
Ҳ
ֱ˵˵ͦһġ
īݾ;Ȼѵȴ˵һЩζĻԼȴһ㶼ʶһ㶼ûвڸУڵľͳǰˡ
īݻû˷񣬲ؿУ˲Ϊۡ
仰ðصһΪῴһģܴףˮҲǣһڣҪİɣ
īҡͷмᶨļɡ
ãˣһ㳬ȻѹͲΪۡ
Ҳǹ֮ۡǰƳŷ˶¹ƽڳ˸ӣвͬԺ滹ܼǸû˽飬ʹ
ˮڵвͬ
˵ľһ˽ԵһϡˮڵλԺ˵ţ˵ʱ򻹸пҡҡͷ
ûſڣ㿴˽Ұİ¾ˣʦ֡
аðһ£ûȻ˵Ҳ
ֻǶջͦİȻ˻īҲûЩƽϹûмֹոĻʦƺʵʦֵҲûֻˮڵĵӻûнѣȻҲϡˡ
ˮڵĵӵؽȲһ㡣
Ժ˵ͷǸˣܱǸ
λҲΣ״
ɨλһۣԺҪˡ
һС˵ϣλЩ޵ݣҲȷʵȣλϺܿ˸뿪
ȴûߣлҪ밲˵ĳӡ
һֱƣҲ΢ЦŵʲôҪ˵ֱ˵ǡ
⻰ú˾ģ˵Ļȴǰû뵽ġ
ֻ׻˵費ףҲ˺ʦֵ˼˵ĻЩðҲֻʦһ
ϵ΢ЦЩź˵£
ʦֶ˽⣿ǧԱԶʦֿɱ֤նԵԵ
ϵ΢ЦȫˣȻ˵ȥҲ˵˻ʦˡֻ飬飬ҹʦֶ˶ĽʦֶԴ˽⣬Էбʣֲġ
ֿ֮󣬰üţīݶĽ֮𣿺ԣ
ôˣѵܿ
īݣīݶʵͦõģֲϹˣҲûġ
Ļīʵ۵ģ˳Ȼ׷֮⣬ʵγֲǳþõĹ¼ţ
֮⣬ҲԶͬΪ룬ʵҲȰīԶ
Щ䣬ΪīƵģȻҲīԼù¼ţԼҲδܹﲻ
Ȼﲻǵһīݵʱ򣬰ȴһ㶼ûбֳ
߸˵شīӹһյƯƷƣ
ٳڵ޳Լҳȥ˵£濴ͦϲӣī⡣
Ȼˣ֪ʱͬеĻλУīͣõĶһǸʱеĶ
Ȼ֪ī֣ڳȥһ˸ĶӴΪðϲæ۵סȻͳֵɬȻˮ
лϲϲл˵ĳίɬȻ
Ƕνĸ棬һĸһܻСΧҲûУǶиĸӻҫȴйġ
⽫ʮУ˵ӰѾԽԽһֱ׾һٿȻƮɢ
ſϣƣٴε˵ͷƯҺϲ
ī΢õ˼ĹԺԳ
.
ǻȥˣȴӣʮ쵽ˣ϶Ҫȥ˸ץġ
ڣһЩļ鱨ѪҲ㱨鱨š
Ƴǵ۵ᣬŻЩʱƳ޵̽ӻ쳣
Ѫ˵߿е鱨
Ȼһ٣īݺǲҲȥ
Ѫ岻ȷصӦòİɡ۵īݶûȥˮǱߵ鱨ûϢٴȥʡ
üĿأˣȥƳǡҶǸһҪȹȥŲܰġ
.
Щǵ۵д裬඼ˣնپǶ٣ֻʶһջ񣬿һīݵС
һȥȥ纣ˮһģЩе˼īݶԼ˺ѧϽĶҲΪο
ʵҲĬĬӵģ۵Ტһʮ֮ڽģĬĬţʮջزȥҲɵģ뵽һ㶼ء
˭Ҳû뵽ʵķҾбʣīڣҲܻסġ
ģ˳ıõ£ȴô׾Ӧˣȫ˵ġ


104 
˭Ҳû뵽۵ֳͻأֻѷ죬һ˲кüλбУѷֵλڵĴֻλǿǱѶѡ
īݣ뻹ӵģǱĵİȴӱܵ뷨ƴס
һеķҲվǰûǰһģѷԶһЩ𾪵ؿڴҶڶͻأֵĻѷ֮ʱȻֱȥ
ѷ֮ʲôأ֮гУ˺ѣ飬Щμ۵ĴǶ֧Ųȥһֻһֽһ㣬˲䣬Ҳֻ˲ʱ㱻³
ʵûУīݺͽİ֣Ļռнסˡ

֪ǹȥ˶ãٴ۵ʱһһ
һжܰ꣬ðһǵĻ㱣֮ǰȻıʾһ޺ۼ
֪ΣӲݵվȫ¾һ˿ˣ֪ģܴӻ֮˳ģδйһˡ
ŨŨǣΧȥһһ麰ˡ
ʦ𣡡ף
ǿտյɽȴ޻ðԽԽ͡
ʦ𣡡һ˾ϲ
ԶĨ½ǣڵϵǵΣðֻһۣȷ˵ݣðȻ
ӵߣȴְˣ·ҲòѪ
˳Ⱦ׿ϣʱûһõĵط˿ɼǣɫҰףʦѪˡ
ںȻ΢ޣʦȷʵǻŵģ޴ıϲ֮£Ȧ˵ġ
ʱȴûʱĹûУæʼˡ
ʦĴռĵҩѾڻռнԻޣʱ򣬰õķӣԼĹʦ˹ˡ
ʦľ޴࣬ҲðĹϸ纣ЧԣʹˣҲиƴĵŬһ㣬޵ϢͶƵġ

ȡ
΢СڰĶȴ
ʦ𣡡
˫Ũܵ۽޲ΡΡڶ¶˫õһĿϲϯ
ö˶˾ǰϼѵ¶Цݣ԰£ˡ
ʦˡÿԼϣȴ֧һ㡣
԰˵ԼĵǣǵĵҩˣҲ֪
Уûҵ˵ֳüչ
֪һ㣬ʱǴӻѷѳҺһ㸸ȴǱ˦һġ⸽Ҳ
㲻̫ģ㸸׻ûô²ãҶܻ϶Ҳܻ
Ұο֤һؿŰô
ƶصȻ
Ϊ˰һ°ģ㸸ǿҪǿġЩޣʲôΪҲɽˡ
϶ټ㡣
ʱ򣬰Ҳû˼Ҫ϶ͷùȥˣ϶ͷһ£ϣīݱ£ɲϣΡ
šڰİο֮󣬰̤ʵЩ
лָŰȥҵ̵ĵط뾡ϵħڡ
ӵɽȴ˼Ҳʱлԡ
һλ˯֮԰ָĿЩ㲻Ҫġ
룬ڵӦŴ½㣬ԴѷҲֻŴ½Ķֲѡ
ȥҡ
֮ɵ˱ͺأԽմȾĻ֮ҲԽƻָûеҩֻɼһЩĲҩʱŶѣ԰ƻָļ
ÿտֵĽҪȥ
һգۿŰΪϴϵˣʵóô˻ɱҵģ֪㶯֣ǻΪڻѷ죬īҲվߡ
̧ͷۿ
ȴܴнѵˣ÷աħ֮ˣ͸óֺݾ߱ʦҲϡ£㲻и˲ٴ£ǳװҵһûᡣ
ںǳڰֱϺݺһơ
ǲպͿˣ
ð㻹һɱأҵģ
ݺݵţ鶯±شһƵ֣ϴصҲûһ
Ͼҹ㣬㲻ˣ㲻ҹţǸӵġ
һҪЦˣװͰ͵صȻ֪ˣԺͲ
ۣܿ˵ˡ
û֪ˣǲĶԲԣ
Ƥһðһҭ˿ǡ
붫ˣˣҪȥ
Ҳһ£ôҸһء
ֵһֻ꣬۾һ㸸һأ
Ǹ˼ϴʱͷӦˣء
һ
Ҳ֮ǰϲģҪһʱ򣬰ȻʶϲԼΪҪĶࡣ
ǾԲҪġ
־޴Ŀֻţһ㶼پ
֮ǰѾȻŵʱ򣬾ԷӦҪҵĶŶԡ
бԶ׼ϲɫʹѹĴǡ
ȻǴӦ˰ǰ֮ǰĴ£֪Ϊû£úúý̲ſɣҲеʱ䡣


105 
ŰһֱȥգȻûмֵ̳ĺۼŴ½ǵǳ
һգеʱ򣬰Ȼͣµˡ
ȻָĲãʶȻǿġ
Ҳæ۲ܣ޹ֻԶֵ
۾һʱҲľƺ⣬æī
֮ǰŸǲǻᵽ½״̬Σ֮»ûԱû뵽ڻīݣʱǳ
ף
īݣͬһҲˣãѪ߰ߣȴʹ֮ɫֻڼ֮ʱ۾Ȼֳϲɫ
ɨ˰һۣɺã
ͷʦ͸׻ţûŵġ
īſлʽص˵ͷ
ֶཻ˼λ˺ţİŵȻҪҵ˵ĵطȻȥ
˶ȫˣҲһŴʯͷ֮ǰ·ôż
֪īݺͰ֮䲻ôԸŦһֱм䣬Ҳչչλ˺š
īݣұ߰ĶΣǰ˲ãīݺȻҳʦ𡣡
мɫõīݵĳϣ
Ǹǰ϶Ҫȥģڣˣ
ȴīݼʦ縸ȣԺҲТ㡣
ȻħǱ߶ʦͽĿʦĶͽܣҲΪհΪͽ⣬ε£īݷ˸Ĺۡ
īݳϿ˰ǰʦ𣬵ǱߵһΪʦΪзʦ𡣲īݵϿɣɵ治ҪīݵһϿ֮ɫŹ
һϿҪڣ˿µص縸ТͲˣⲻ𣿡
æסֱ֣ϰһ£°ͱ˺ţɲǰȫػȥ;
ᣬ֪ǰһʱ䣬µΪʦҲѣദģʽ˾Ͳعˡ
īҲ治ˣȴţʦô
жԸӴľͬһ㣬Ȼ˿ʧ˹أǶԸȴϵͦӣǲҲӦѧŵ㣿
һε˸ףʲô鶼ûеˣʵ֪Լ׽ˣǰòײԱɣīʵڰǰмӹصģŬ׽ĸӹϵǢЩġ
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.
һлصħڵʱѾʮ֮ˡ
ܼͰĿϲ˵رתһȦ
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ص˵ʥҩԴͶеˣҲƴֵİζ϶ͷҲˡ
˵ĵطҩ˱ãĸףÿ
īȴԸⰲ֮ΪǰĸףԲŸԸðĶԸͰһͷռˡ
ȴ֪ԼѾ߰һͷīݵл֮Ჹϡ
һһ۵ҲԸ˵ֻ֮˵ȥˣᵣҵġ
뿪ʱĲжȸԾŵˣǵ˱ˡ
ɲǵ˱ϴηŰ뿪ʱĿƻ̿ǴԸҲԸһˡ
.
ףϢƳǣīǳ£ͬʱµĻкüλŵĳ
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ͷͬףܵܲܲ׵ġ
ף鿴īݣˮڵĸ֣˴ο϶ֵġ
ˣŰǶ֪˭ģڴ֮ʱͶɣס֮󱻴ĸ游
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䲻֪ģӦǸֱӳұյܱ˵Ƴ޻쳣ԲǸϡ
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ףһīݣ룬֮ǰӦò󻼣īЩڼɵɲֻҧ˵
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ɣ¡
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ʵħҲһĻ̻̣ףܶûмȨλ
ϻԭҲѪһЩҳƿصӴԭ֮ףܶĬûͷ˴˶
йѣǲŰͰôͻأ׵ˡ
ƽţȻйĶҪǿųİһӴѡ
ƽףܸæµ
һæµ֮ãµʱУڰĺԴҩĹӦ£īݵҲڻָ֮ϡ
ףͷϵҲڷ˲һ¡
ף֤˵غˣ
ǿװһɵȻҲסĵɪʵףͷµĲҪҪġ
ףīסķһۣԾˡ
Ҫô˼Ӵ
ףƳϵЦ⣬ͷʼӦó֮ʶ֮λġ
ȻţҲܴʧܸգǵȻܳɹĻΪ
Ȼ֪ǰѣôһ˶ĵϣף黹źѡ
ôʵڲҪ
ף鲻԰ȷ𣿡
ڰƶͷ֮ף鶼̲סֵĲٿǿǣ


106 
䣬ɢͰף飬˵һ仰
°ҡڰǰ˵´ѪȻȷŵġ˵Żץס˰֡
ǵ㲻ףͷȷŵģҲҪʦܹܡ
ף̾˿һ
ٴθȷ˵İܸˣֻƳףһС۶ѡߣڻûףӳٻ
.
īݵ˺һϣǴӻѷгϢҲڷ˳ȥ
µʱУžŴ½ҴٸžŴ½˺·⣬̴ҲǼõģȳžŴ½üλ֣ǵŴңõĹʱ
ⷬıУħӦˮڳɳŶԣϾǵɥϲ鵽Ԫˮڵĸ֣ħӦǳҲһѻ𱨸Ŷԡ
ȴȫͬˮڴĵɾȻħϵһڰľ塣
ķת󳬳ǵԤڣ˵ڸϢīݰаӻѷö
Ϣųȥ֮һֱ˵İīҲڿʼʹֶλңⳡֻʼٸߡ
Ҳ֪¼ô¡ȴԭΪħЩϢЩ˲ˣϣܹƽദϢȴҲҪսı棬Щƽ͵Ĵ󻷾ġ
ĳ֣ۿŵɺħϵǿ˽ȸеǾͼӿ˸µĲ
ò׻ԵɺŪĻѷ죬Ӧÿɱڸ֣ҲŶԣڰīûȴͷӭ㱨
īݻȥˮȥҾ֣̬ȷǳѺõضī˵ǱҪɿڣ֮ǰ̸õԺкˡ
˼īݣûвǰֺãҲѺõ˵ʱˮڽңȲȥǱ֮
īлŽõħڵĵҩԴ컹š
һһħĶͷڴѺõľ棬ܽ˾°ͣϲɺء
οͬʱԼҲ飬Ҳ֪֪Ÿһ֮󣬻ǸʲôӦ
ʲôӦ
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ʱѷҾѱƽīҲħҰ
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һ¶סˣīű˻ɺ͵⣬ˡ
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ȻͷҲûдھʹƴֽΪĿǰûܹ˵ˡ
ڱīݷ֣ۣһð಻õ뷨òߵһɲīݳΪʯ
ȻǾҪάڰǰİþģðѹ
͸оīȫ̵ĴȴԽԽһǳµ밲˵עðīݵ
õĵµȻԼ˵ѡ
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һһеīĿܶܣֱеĲѪ
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վīݸǰαĵĳҪߵģǶī˵Щ԰ʵ⣬޿ɸᣬԼҪĴڡ
˵ʱϣīȴֻǿû˵ǹɲܿصѹȻк
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ʱīݺͲףȻ֮ͨУҪ
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һᾡҵĳ⣬Һ¡ڴ֮ǰҲϣҪΪΪ
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īͻͻġ
Ӳʩģ
ȸ֪Գ⣬˵߾Ͱв˰ɣǣ
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˳ӦУڲС

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һ
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Եİֳɹڰ˱ˣν⡣
īݸǰ׾Եīݿ֮ǰѾһм˵˵ֻҪϲͺá
Ťӣ㡣
˵ԺҲҪ۸㣬ҵȻ۸ˡ
УԺһТ
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īŰħͷģɾȻ޳֮
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á
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ķأ˷֤£īݣף飬ܵףУͰʽΪ¡
лҪ˵ľͽˣһ㷬⣬Сɰôôౣ


107 
һպɪɪʱ򣬴Խæµӡɳ˳æŴĴµĺаЦЪºȲʱӡɶףλû
ףƮƮӡɣ죬ʲôܴģ
ӡɵͷƲ죬鲻þ
µҲҪȢϱģϸ׿Ŷӱ߶ؿճ˳ء
ȣ˳ϸ׼ƽϡ
ʵҲͦģͷȻλλ޵ҲˣǴλȴһֱϴӪģνʱʱ̶̿С\'ԱߴСڡ
ϲߵľסԼġϱŪľ͸׸ŮƵģɲңڵ𣿹ֲϴ˳ء
ӡɴ治ӻҵЩ߰㣬û˵ֻȻû˵ֻСǱףоˣֻף鲻ֻǿˬѣܿӡɾͱǴ¾Ź¸Ͽ˸Ѫͷ찵ء
֮ӡɾ͸ˮİײƵͰ͡
ĵضϴ󽲣ӣ°ɵÿЩ׻˵ĺãд󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣϵһ⡭
ӡɻû˵꣬ףѾüͷ˭ģīû⣬˵Щʲô
ˡīܱȵȻǽīݵˣǱСģµȻǸ׽ˣ׵ʤ׵
˵׽ʤīݣʵȡף飬Ǿֵֹġ
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ȥʱ򣬼˹֣ԺҲ궼ˣöѹǮġ
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𣿡ЦĸˣȻһֱע˵Ǳû˽˿ڽ»Ǹˡ
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õߣȴȻصסʱһϲڵǣ԰˵Ǿϲġ

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īºͣ¶һ˿Ц԰㡣
ȵشīݽݣһǣȻҵΣСȴѾˣ
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ǰͷʱȻʵ൱ī̫̫ʵڰԿʱ࣬ڡɲ
īһͷ˰עֱλһֿ޵Ŀ⿴֮ǰʱ򣬰æң¼Ȥǣ
ȴǲˣĻðҲҺͰʲôܵĶ°˵ۡϽðȥȥĶ
ҲȷҪīģæīݵڿɻá
ҲԵ޹ʣǰīݵг˲ӵģлаĹϵ˵˵˵ġ
֮ǰī޵ľıˣ˽˽һ겻ʯнһ
ǰףʵ԰ǣ°Ͷ˸飬īݵɸףīȴܶԵȣīݶ԰¶пһʱ°ˡҲǲԸīǰ׵һԭ
ߣ˽Զ֮ǵǾ仰
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ܣ
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