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İ
ʲôɷǵĴʦ־Ȼ괩ȥִ
ʲôʦִˣ
ԭ˳Ƶӡɽ翬ģִһȴ׽ԡ
ǫԼһеڻңĽǵ÷ǵǣѹǣճΪǳ·ϵĵʯ
һСܡͷ˻ˣ
ȻҪ費ףǫѷ˭ô֪
ǫҿѰħ߲ʺɫ~
еõɧXٶ̹֡
ǫ(y)~*
ΰв

1ǵ
2дŲ꣬͹繷Ѫܲȶģֻ
գ
Сһ̣֮С
ʦܣֻȾҡӵʦͽճ

ݱǩ  ϲԩ  
ؼ֣ǣǫ  ǣ  
һ仰飺Ըдʦ߱
⣺ΪɣΪʦ


1 ƹ
ʮߣʦ³ӡ
컹ûʱдͽɽȹڻҪ֡
һλźͷȳɫߣɽ¶ò׼ȺУ⾻ʦʲôˣ
㶼֪ǿ̫ŴӷɳΨһͽܣɳѾڶʮˣλʦ˵ϣ
ɾǺεȹµϧˡ
Ϸ֪ǿָλɳӦûûûչͽ
ɾ츣ǰգһǻҪȥһ£
˵ͽûأ
ϧ˼ҵĻѾûˣһϼ£ͽ׷׼ǰ
˼ۿмСޱȺõײײ̲ס̾˿ָһɫŰסСͯȶסΡ
סСͯĿ˿ܣûпŵ̲ס˴ţΧСָͯ⡣
޻һСͯü䷢Ц
˦һ³䣬մǰȴȺ͵͵ƫСĿ⡣
С͸ողˤСͯ꣬ҲǾµú͸Ƶģȴڡ
˼һۿеȻСòǣȻʡϡķ˽磬СҲһ㵭ֻûѧôѣӡ
˼˼һת͸߽˹ɾƫʱͶڴŷ£ƫ˸ոսС⣬һһСѩһС
Сһһȥ㰸ϵĹ˽Ķ˿ٷֿһһҵվ߼װԼͯӣ׼Ȼѵصġ
˵̫ƣӳ˵ͦġ
СһһһڵƻǲҲ̫һ㣿
˼ӣЩϲķѩ޵ĸҲܲⷲ˽ӾȻ֮ɼҳĻҪǿ
մǰһͻȻ֮
СӿҪˣЩ̯ӾԼɣ˼ҴЦСһһֱʧԭء

Ͽһڷǫûеһʱ
ȻҪҲΪǸ죬ֱһ̫ԹԵĹͷϣ鲢ʱһ˵С鹴ȫ
ڵֱͷʱ򣬷ǫ˶µġ֮⣬Ȼмҡ
ҵһǵħĿΣԷȴҲ׷ӿεˡ
ڶɽǰʮӦòǻһζѣϾ׽ٶ׷ܵˡ
ҲˣǱ鵽ʲô
ǫϥĶ˼⣬ڻûзӦڶҲѾһ͸ĵˬ
һСɡС˵һм῵ĺӣһ·֮նٵ;Ĺ¡
ȻȻзɺڻңɵһڻշǫɺ棬Ϊ̫ŴӡȴǺơ̰ͼ䰮˵ɫƲͼӺΰ󱻼һնɱ
νĻơı
ǫԼһ־ͷβһ飬ǳȷдĲֻͬͬնѣϾɽŵ˶ͬͬҲһɺˡ
ǰʮ궼е磿
ֶǲܵģ֮һһ顣
ĸ̥ķǫ
ִᣬһҵ˳㳩̸һθĸС˵λν֮˵һ¡ִˣִܵ˶ʮĸ󣬱һصƼʹ½ص̫š
ҲҵֱӭĽ׽١
׽·ϵĵһС׽٣һŵȣء
ǫľǽѵһľŵ׽٣ɽٺ޳Բ𵤡
ڷǫ֮ʣ׽ȻΣڿ¶Ķߡ
ǫʶֻͳһذɫεľ뽣һľƺ鰵޹Ʒʯ
ǫԭô
ʱĶۼ˺ܶˣŵ֮⣬λҲˡ
ϾǫΪŰ֮ڵһˣ̫Ŵʦ֣𵤽Ѿ˶ʮꡣ
ʦôûгⶼˣ𡭡½Ļû˵ͱ½ס졣
½Ǽְص꣺
ʦʲôˣǰ̫ʦֶùܡ½˵ֱ׳ֻҲЩ΢ҲԲˣȴӲӵĻһ׽ٶӲ
ٵǴʦ֣Ǿûʲôܵġ½ͦš
İɣʦֻڵڼ׽ʱҶΪŵССʦѹҲСϾʦֱչصʱû꣬ǲʲôѾˡ
ðӱһ
Ӽ𣬼Сŵһ׷׻ͷɷǵ˲֪ʲôʱֻϻޡ
ʦС˲ʵˣĿⲻԾؿС
Ҷ͵͵䵽ǰľһ̵ŵĿɨ˹Ҷһʶʵʦ˽ӡ
һʱ˵ĿⶼϣͬҲбӡ˵ʶԣʱǫ𵤵׽¡
һӰԶֱ߳նףһƾϵĽƶɢ˿
ۿŵעתߣҶ˿ԾӽҲǼᶨĴʦˣ
ڲ֮£۳ģѩȴ˿ܽ׵Ӱ죬Ȼ
ǫֽվɽ֮ϣѩմʪ޽ǣֲ̻̼ã֮С
ͷһ۳ֽ֣ӯеĸоѾܶ궼ûˡ
ǫʮȻȴһֱڶʵʵĴ޳Բӵĵڰ˵ףǫȫֻһѡ
ھŵ׽׽٣ɫĵ绡һγɾģءǫӭȥ֮ʱεѩƮüĴƽַᣬһĽҲᡣ
·Ʋ㣬˳񱩵ľȻƿϼ¡ϼ֮£ӰâûңңȥȻɡ
һѿˣŸʲô
Сγѣ׷ϥŴʦ׽ٹ췴Ķ
ǫ۾ʱѾһһҹ
һ˲̫ŵһһľӶ±߱ѩŵŵľͰȪˮҡεȫ㼯С
ǫջվϤİס£ʮı䲻˳ǵòȴ㹻ǼСʦܡСʦǴͷӳɳΪͦꡣ
ʮĵ׵˼ڷӿ۽ȾһĨɫ
ǫʶѰҵԼʦȴЦеۺԼ߻ҲֻСܲͷ
һɾͻƽ𵤽ʱʦ̫ɽ´С¼ٰͯļῺš
ед·ʵʰѵһԴϣ˻˼һ˲룬ǫı鳹׽Ӳˡ
ŵѾϰ˲߲ݡԲȵĴʽδйСȴܲˡ
ֶͿʼˣɴһƨڵϣ۷ֱĿǰǱļҧάŴ
һ֣оһů뵽ڣθԭѾľʧȥ֪˫ȣҲǱˮοһůĸо
ֻůûгܾþͱˣ۾ʱͿϼѾɢ
λֵ̫Ŵʦ֣ɢԭϼƺȫϡ
ֻ
һ۾˵¹һ̫Ŵӣ˿нֵɾΪʲôñƣ
ؤ͵ķǫķҵĿһһߵġǡ
ԭеһֻǰķʦǣ˼άûӦھ͵ͷĶŪ˽ӣ


2 
ʵҲַǫͶ̥ŵǶʮΪһϵû¾ͻһ˽ӣԻҵ飬ڰѶӵɵӺŪǮƺͳ谮ϴδ˳Ĵү
ͷҲǱ׵ĵƳġ
ֻǶʦһռͽı飬ǫŻȻԼƼʹ½ʱ衣
һֳһ֮˷ܵСʣ¼ӡ
ջԼΨһ״ͽܣֻ˶ʮĹرյеɵѵ÷Ż͵Ϊʦڷ˽񵽵ӣҹǲӦ÷ŵŰõģ¸ϲ׽٣˳ִˡ
ǻһԾŻɽٵĹǫʶСϻ׵ơ
һɨֻſڵϵصһæҵһ㵽һɽǵС
κòһµӹ־Ǵ˵Լᡰһ顱һСֻŵСǫı鳹ľˣһʱ侹ЩƵϲС
Ώţһ׺ݵĵǫϰСΣ׵ֻС̡
ǫĿҲתƵ˼῵ϡ
֮¶ǫӲϲδпܴԼˡ
ǫжԼ´ѵĿСһۡݵøһСƨʲôüʵģǲпӣ
ǲԼһûԱţûѯ޵ԸֱӰΪͯı̬һΪƵ˵̫ƾǣǿԸ̫ţ
ⲻ֪Ÿˡ
ԭѾ̫µļῶ¶ԥı飬ڱǿĶʹµ˵ͷ
ܺãƾЦеۺ룺Ըֱڡ
ˣ鿪ʼˣ
̫ŵ۸ǡʣźϰ˺ŵĳԸͽſԽ
СǼѣƾҲֱš
ֻųɹ󱻡ԼƷвΪȥţ˾ࡢò˽ľ档Ҳ˳׸ῳ޵йϵĵĵһĻ
ǫʲǸˣȻΪһС֡Ը⿴ֱӰʦ£ԼǰתƣԼº󻼡
ݻԵȻҲⲻ˱ǼǺޡˡȥԲ۲Ĳ
ǫǰһʾʦ𣬼ȻӦҶ𣬲ҽʦš
ѾʦļĬĬͷڲסԼı顣
ŵĲ죬㷲Ҳ˲֪ο׶Ա˵ĵСλմϵĴʦ֣ʹű°ͬһ۸αӡ
ƾһС˲䱻Լıͽ˹ȥոնɽٽӦñչعΪǡ
ѾչضʮˣһǫЦЦָָСοŶΪûճӦʳôĺӷžͶˡ
ʦֵĻûëرֱ׶ƺе㲻̫ԡ
ΧŵһȦС˳˼ϲļλһʱ䶼˵
رƤķǫԼʦûзԣС죬գ֮ͽ˴ȥŷ
԰ҵڲʦͷʳΪСʦãҶڴʦʧľԼ֡
½һסСʦõ죺˵˵Ǵʦ˵ʲôǶԵģ
һ̫˵һ¶һǵĴʦֳɹȹ𵤽٣ΪʷĽˣڶҲʹʦйأԽСӵš
ǫСʱżûڿҲûԼķ˶ڷȴʦֽ׽ٵϢ
һȦҵˡʱ˶ΧһɵѾɢϼ⡣ϼʱѾϦϼǫӭŲкǹâַ
ǫδչʱڿΣ󲿷ֵ˶
ոջϼһ˲ǰ˵һ˲伯й
ôҴë·𿴵˴ʦ֣
˵Ҳˣһ᲻߻ħˣ
½ʦзĻþеֲڰɢȫϴʦֵ󣡡
ǫԼŵĺô̫ӡ
ǫޱĸԼһڶʮûù˳ߵСҲϴһ顣
һڲɪɪһݺ͸жĿǫɾȻֻǿ׶ѣᡣ
ΰ˿۸˼֮Ȼ࣡
ԺȷӦҴææڼ黹ɴ
ΪĸǫͺƷʯǫסԼ֡
Ժ˰Ѳڵ麹¹ϲʦ֣Ϊˡ
˵Ŀ͵ŷǫλεдɽúôɽϱչعΪôʡ
šǫ룬ǵԼŹ˼Լ⻯ֲӽǾ̫ŵŵӣһöͬɣ̫ࡣ
ʲô˼ԺãԺˡ
ŵֻнܳߴŽţ⻹ǵһγֱŸϵŵġ
ٿСĺؤһĴ磬Ȼʲô˲ŻôңԴʦֲŻ⽻⡱䴦
Ϊ˷ǫкԺһСؿڱ֤ʦģǽң׼⡣
ʲôģǫһɣҲϸ˼ڼѰĿռһ
Ȼһ̨Ϸߣߣ͸ˡ
ǫʶĴеҰ
ǫûĻȴˣ̧ͷǫ
˳ÿüīĿһβǴһĨϼϧȴǺڵġ
зǫġԼŵ᲻÷Ψһϣ
ǫٱʱһԼӣֻüΌӻɰģŰŬԼ͸ˡ
ݱź󣬷ǫһɵĻصԼסΪһӵһɽ壬Ϊؾ壬ϳѩڻѩؼ価һƬɫչصĶҲɽ֮ϣһѵõ֮ء
̫徻˵㡭
ǫǰéݣİѩѹݶϣݽѹһ飬ƾɲֻһ֦÷š
ǫվŬԼĶʮ꣬ӡżȥڿԼɽֻʣ´¡
˵ļȤ
Ƕʮ꣬ϰʮŻеǫһʱֻúɪɪ
éھ͸Ӻˣ֮߿ô˯ߣֻһţüͽıһҲΪ
ǫϣһСצĵһ졣


3 
ʱŸո͸һ⡣
½½ֵܣվڲؾɽ£¶ԥɫ
ʦǲǻڹ̽Ϊʱ䣿óȻȥ᲻ŵ½ɽתȦʼò⡣
Ѿ˵ӣ͵ȴʦʱʮĵһοýΣΪȡõλãܶҹһֱȵڡ
ȥʮˣҲûüѣʦֻ᲻˽ڿε飿
ֵ
½ɫһ࣬ҡͷܣʦʲô˵ʮ꣬ȥҲܻ
ʱ½а겻µķǫʱ÷˯㣬һҹ֮÷ѩ׺ϣȻƻˡ
ʿ庮ò˵ŻѩظΪʡ
Ǳֵܳѵģ˾ŴʦֵΪʲôٵһ·ɽ֮ϡ
ǫ۾ߵһĨɺ죬һ˲ֲ֪ϦϦãС
ҷûб÷Ķģ
ʦ֣ʣ
ʦ֣Ҫŵڿοɻǵã
ֵͬ˵ŭɶԷǶԷԼĿеĴʦ֡
û˯ѵķǫ

קãֱǧ˫۾ķǫеšͺĽʦ¿αʮ󣬲εʱͱǿƵ̨ϵָо
ҪʲôĶǽӢǻѧʵ飿
ձȫ׿εķǫſڱѧɹۡ
ǫѧϵĽڿʱģ΢΢һЦ˵˿ĵһ仰ʮûˣɡ
ԭһڴŵ˲һƬž
ǫͲϵüŵĵӣΪ˾ȳѡ
ڷǫĴߴ£ݱŵԱţһǧ˹ⱨͺķ˽ʱ䡣
һ˲ԭµĿ÷·˴͵˻᳡ʱУԭĳĳȵʮһʧʧ֮ĶԻ
һ÷ǫˡ
Ὸš

̫ɽһȪˮȪˮԣŵճǴˮҪɽŹ²ִܵ
¸ɣֻһªƾɡֻǼľſͨУ˵µɲ⣬ǶɽڵʿҲ޷Ϊ䡣
ǫľţƹܲճԵΪɲء
ľڶ֮ϣֿɼżɺ
ǰȪˮȴŵ񣬲ܹȡɻ֣ܽȪˮȻ壬ȴġûпתļͷϡ
Ա˵֮õᣬ˵ȴȫôȪˮ֮Ⳣʲô
῿ˮͰվľϣ̫Сˣľ֮ķ϶̧ȾͿԿľ룬ȴҪܹȥһȪˮͺȥ
ԥƬ̣ⵣڵϣȡһľͰԼһľľͰൽԼվλãֻһһƱص˲ʱ䡣
ĵطŵļãڽŵİ£ֻһʦְȻ˼ȴƮԶˡ
ǴʦʱʮһδΣеͣˣȴƫ֪ĶСؤôôù
ȫԼճݶͣŻд˶
ȪˮʱʦһַŻһֿ̧ۿ˹һĲͷ
㿴ڶʲôʱˣʱһͰˮ֪֪һҪʮͰˮŻл֣ҪŻֵģʱɱʦĺݡ
ʦĲһ䣺ûлԶͱ
һԲȪʯ̶УſͰ¡
һԺָŵĻͬףҪʮĶｽˮֻ֮ûΣգλúԺָסܽ
ŵӱͳһסԺȴڵԺѾסˣֻסڿĲݡ
ῡĻϯصªﶼסéûκ
Ǻòҵλõķǫԭɶôͳһסéݷ
ȫ˵òؾʱ߲ΪΪɣֻҪһݷһ÷
ǫᣬͬʱԼһٰʮƽĴӡ
Ӧúʦһ£Ϊţôʵʧ档
ǫȻϲݣӵӡҲòĶȥȴΪɵδٵǡ츳֮ϵĺӣҲʹ˸ıԭĵ֮·
ϾѣѾûˡ
Ȼֱͬţǫдһ滻ŷŵġ
ǫλãȻûпɿͰˮൽｽˮ
ǫܿŲû壬һʲôܲͷ
ǫͻȻ˵ʺϣӦ׼һݶĹ硶ն幦뷨󣬷ǫҲŽͳȥˣȹ۲һ¡
ֻһСܲͷһܲͷĶ
Ϊҵˣǫܵôһ¡
տһм῵ĺڴ˴ȡ񣿡
ﻹλʦţŻͷҲ̧˵⽫ȪҲ֪ǲѾ䵽µˡ
˵žЩ죬ĿĴӻƿöϷǫ纮ǵĿ⡣ʦ֡
ǫе㲻̫
ȪôǵϲſԽȡ̫ʲôʱʼЦˣ
ǫ˼õĵһۣתͷ䡣
ǫ뿪ʦһƨϣʦֵϲѾʧ
ǲǹ˴ʦֶСӵ̬ȣ
ʱľŵһϱһͰȪˮСͰĸ߶ȻͬԶԶȥ·һԼƶľͰɰ
ǫϵʱŬƶľͰͣһ£ò׽ߵЦ˻ȥ
῿ǰľüƺЩԥûзľͰҧֱһ˳ȥ
ľ֮ľȻԱͰĳȣټҡΣÿһߵúܲȵͼ̤ϵĿľʱһֱӴӷ϶ȥ
˫ۣ;סĺ죬ڿС
ǫһͰסˣû
ǫƤһ֡
˱˵λɾĿ¶һ˿죬漴εرסľͰ֡
ǫЦһֱӽľͰľײһ𡣿ϾɵľľͰȴ˲ķѡ
ǫῷڶ±ߣȪˮ˼һʹ˿һֻʪǱСǹ
῿ǰЦЦˣǹģ⽫ߵţŵԺԼŰһϵû취ɵ
ȴ￴Ц
еίͺһ˲䱬͵ǫֱۣһҧȥ
ǫѾ޳ɽ𵤣˲ŶԣСӵȴƿķܿ쳢Ѫȵζ
ǫʹһȴûܳ첲
СӹȻϲ


4 
շǫǱҲûͳȥȲ˵Ώ᲻飬˵ʾͲʺⶨ
ǫŻҪȥˮӻéݣ˳ֶԭأԼ첲µġ¡һ·ɱԺǰ
ǽӵţδ˵͹ġ
ĺɫʱصСԺƿʱͻҧƵļײ˸ţµĹ
޷˵ļῷضһ۾㱻ɺࡣάͬһվʱֱָӹ򵽵ϣ׸Ǻ޵ҧгݡ
ҹǫԺܵῺǰԭʱ÷ġһƷʯҲȫǡסŵԺӣȴֱˣԼ῵Ը񲻻Ҫİͬס

գ½½ֵܴŴʦֳ¼ġն幦СԺݸʱ᲻÷֡
ܵĻԸ߼ⱾؼȻûĴ㣬Ӳƾ費ͬѰ½нؼ˳ڻһпʦֹȻǸˡ
ǸƵԨٿЦˣôôɶˣҲиԹۣЩϴѪ𡣷ǫȴǵһУڶһֻһһǰһ£ƫƫֲ˵
ŶԷĻؼǶԷʱǲϷϧ̫űˣ취ſʼǰ֤١
ֻǴõͳȴζû취ǫɽʱܵʱʵůУ޷ٸӦĴڡ
Ŵֵ뿪ǰǰ벽ʵλʦ֣βܸӦ
½һ£ǲע⵽ﻹһһ´ῼ۲˵ⲻѾɹˣ
ҲЩֵĿһۼΰС˵ؽֶԼĻʳʱܻǰ档
̫ŵĻıԸôһ͸ˡ
ü˼Ƭ̣ٴʵָͻƣ
½ֵ˵ͻ¿˵壬һƺɱͻƵģɢȸˮͻˡ漴һ˷ܵĴյǰ˭
ȼΏش½Ѿֽ½˻ʦ˵ҪҴ顣
ôҴйشʦֵĻɶдΣ
㶼˵ǻ
Ҿģ
һģһֵܣֵ뿪éݷ
éڼؼʱԥĽڷĵĴʦֳ˼ΰԼˮͰܵԺӵиｽˮ
񲢲ŷģģҵһ˿֣µС˷ܡ
ûпվӰеҲӰ֮¡
Ӵ˳ȥ̫ŵ¥̨ڲɽ֮䣬ѩɽ֮ϣ׺һƬɫϸɼҲеľ
ʥء
Ҳ˶ѡ

½ϲؾʱǫĵ÷ոʮ䣬ǽĻԶתĽӣҧһ㡣
ͷϻһ÷֦д˿ҿšǷǫúͷֻұɽ嶼ûҵ緢ڡ֮Ķ
䣬Ǹ׽ķΨһļҵ
ǫϵǻһذɫĳۣ½Ǵ׺⣬ȫ޻ˡ뻻ʽģ̫ŶŵҲûͳһεҪ󣬵Ǽܲסֻͬһʽͬһɫ
ȥէһֲĶѩĶ˵֡
ȻֻҾãէһ÷ͻ˵½˵ֻ˼ɫʦְ֡
ǫͷ½һʦ֣伮Ѿŵ͹ȥˡչؽǷ񻹰նʮǰĹ
ûֳ½ʱ½һֱǹǫѷԸ񣬺͵ķǫһģһ
˶ʮ꣬С竵ķǫЩۣ㿴Ű졣
õģһὫµٺ»ֱӲճϡ½Ӧ꣬ҼŴʦֹۻ뿪
ǫ͵תһ£ո˵ʲô
½һ̽˵ճϣ
ԣһ䡣
Ƿ񻹰նʮǰĹ
ǫͷ΢΢һЦشˣ鷳㽫ٺ»͹лл
áõġ½ͬͬŵ˳ȥһͽǫµٺ»˹
ǫŶʮƷʯƷʯͻȻõԼ̫ɵˣġ̫ɵˣֲԼô
ʲô𣿡ǫڰ˳ƶ״̬ɫĿվһû뿪½
½˵ʦ֣ʱȥŴΡ
֪ˡԼһʵķǫɫӦ˼ȴƮӿӦȥĶˡ֮˼ɿʳѾûгԹˣǶʮϰĶô׽䡣
ɽȺɺ׾ͦģſԿζ

̫ŵĺɽǹŵĵطɽɽޡŽȦԼΧڣڶڽɽ°ա
Ȼɺ֮貢ڴ˷ΧڣǶŵݳģżųŷ磬ϲܡ
ҪڳƮѩֻڡûʲݡȪЩںɽҵ
ǫûٽɽᳵ·ץһֻֶɺ׿񼦣ΪÿβҲݳȦ裬ֻֻ
ʣһһĸ˫ɶԣһֻѾ˼Ͻɫ͵ġ
ǫո˺¼ŵߣԶХ֮
ǫһֱҧԼϵ⣬۵ۿһᡣ
ĸùСӣȻǵ
ɽΪһλƵͬһ
гɵޣһ޷ޡƹǹĽ壬һ˳ɽųɹһֻ
ǫ۵Ŀһۼϵġżգ۾ʧֵС
ڲδƻ˵ӵǫûֱ¶棬Ƕ˸ϣԵڵ˹ȥ
վǸСӰôô죿
ȻѾ˺ܾã°ɫĵӷͱˮ͸ˣٻ˺ۣոսʱҡ
ȻܵٿҲȲٶȣһʼֻϷŪһƵĸ󷽣Сûգ֮ǰ
ǫһŸո͸ɽҲ֪λǵ̫ûӣ
аŵϷѾǫ͵֧飬ȲͬѾʵ˲Ҳû취жǷ᲻նǵĳԵ콵
ǫһԥСѾֱӳȥ
Ȼûѧʲôսɣȫƾһɺݾ
ǫһ񣬸׼νˣͷΪյһȭֱӴš
ǫһ˻ȥּڴУܵȻȻ۵ߣڣ޸ϵ˿ڡ
ʲôʣȻĸˣûкôġ
ǫϣҧһڿᣬԼϷΧǰ˳ֵɡ
ǫϷɣȴᵽһߣܸоԼڵѪѾҪˣûһõĵطֻƾִͱվ
ûС
ǰԽԽģֻ·˰ɫӰӰֳǰһХХһ
ǽƯǸһ񣬱һ
῵ȥʱһ˫׵ĳѥߵǰѥӵоŵĺǡ᣿


5 ÷
ǫоĿԼеĿϣѵ¶ɻı顣
ԭôóԵ𣿻ŵĻʳ̫ˣСƨҲԲԲŶܵɽڸ֮
뵽ɽĿͬ÷ǫı˵㣬Լ῵ӡҲӷ˵ծ鷳Сƨ
Ⲣûиıһ鲼һķмΰӵ˵ֱ뿪ˡ
뽫ȥֻʱͻȻһҪ顣ݳ䰮ĿԡȫʬںɽĿϡ
Ҵ뿪ķǫûпŬ۾ҪǸ˵ȴֻŵϵһ÷㡣
῵ָ˶õӵľֺܿڳš

ǫ뿪֮ǰڿλ˱ǣ˵ȥʱֻȱһ߳ĿȵĴڿϡֻǴʱѾ͸ˣԭĽִĿڸбɲζȡ
ǫҧһڣ漴ޱ˳ȥֻлʬ𼣡
ڰѿƽ֮󣬷ǫԭس̾ݳճ޵ĵط󷨱а֮޷
Ȼʬ϶ҲˡǵʣصС׷ʱݳϾͻᷢһֻʱɻỳɵеϡ
ɽûоãǲõݳϻɵԼʣµĵӿ¾Ҫùˡ
ǵضĳʱ䣬Ųøӵĺɽ񲢲ࡣҸǶɣ°˳ҪǸСƨͷϡ
ǫҧŲݸٴ̾˿ѾˣΪʲôҪ̲ģ̯תͷߣе
ʦôþã½ӲԶһ·СܵǫǰŽա
ǫһ£ȻֱӴ½Ļ˾ߣߣھȥϿΣ
ڣѾһʱ׻ˢˢһǧ˫۾
ǫЩڴĿ⣬΢΢ȻѾˣǾʵɡ
һǧŵָĶʵʲô³ؼ
ְ̫ǳаɱޣǶʮΪһȣ֮ǰص֣Ϊʤ
ǫŵɽУ򵥽ɢɽС½Ϊ˷ǫ֮Ψһŵӣȴ˭ԶڵС㵽ԼĶ鵱Уǰ档
ǫվԭصƬ̣ȷ˺󣬽żһתɽڴԾһԵϡ
һݳɫקżõĹ˹͸ңնЩɽ
ϣҲǲֻǽһһǧٰ߰ʮӽɽʵû취һһָ֪һգΪʲôûл࣬ǴǴʦֵĿβ㣿ΪʲôҪһݳϣ
ݳ粻ǵøң
ӵ֪ͨΪŵûһһ¼ŵĹ´סˣˡ
ݳһ˦ɽ:ˣԼȥң
ǫŲ࣬ٽ·ϣݳżװһ£ִʦ塣
ݳŵһ£氡ôҲ
ǫɫƽشŵӹ
ݳһ£˵Ĵʱɽеӣ̲ס¶յɫ
ǫĿеʵʦʲôΪѵ飿֪ܷæ
ݳϳ̾һˣôŲһҲδܹŲ˵ЩԹĿһ۽ŵȫ˹ķǫվ̿ʲôת뿪
ΣǫüոյĹģɻ֦ϵڣ˳ŵȵһҪʲôá
һ׵Ŵʦ˿յУճ̾뵽ɽСɽϲֹޣһЩݡȽʺϡ
ֻڿΪʲôҪôʱƺʲôĹȻ޵кͿǰ

ǫɿǵļޱĶڵõ᷿̧Լ䣬ѾŲǸ˵÷ˣֻʣⷿȾϵŨŨ㡣
Ÿŵõʦ῵ʱһСͮͮģ治ٱָӡ
ÿɰݵʱ϶Ե⡣ǰϽֵʱûٱСǵϷŵĵӷǸСͯһõʦǰϷ顣
Ǽһ˿أʵƤˣָܱĳ̶ˡ
վʱſǱ۸˵ˡ
ڵ²鿴һȫȫŵĲʲô˿ѵҲ̫ˣôܶһܵɽȥ
õģзִ硣̾˿ŵԴʵûбҪһˡ
ŽӵϢҴҹʵҪ˿زݵ׼Ե˼һۣҲľͲҪΣյ顣
ῳĬһûӦ𣬶ǰŵõʦһ񣺡лʦȡ
ʦ㱾СĿžͲദڿжȡȻݹģȴܾ£˾ǸƯӣɫ˲˼֣ûʲôϵ˱ǿˣȴû˵Ҫȥಹˡ
λʦ˵һ·С͵ſڣֱʱûסŵգԺʲôңҿѰǿ
һ·˼ȫûע⵽Ŀ⣺лʦ㣬ʵһһ⣬Ķ÷
ʦЦ̫ųƮѩ÷ĵط٣ŵС
һǿλʦֻʦϲԿ
ʦһʧЦôأ֮˼ɿڸǱҪýʳʳҲֻǳЩȡ֮ģôصİãʹδ˵ˡ
ɫһûٶ˵ʲô뿪˵ãֻ뿪ĿⲻԾƮԶš
ЩߵʵҪȥ𣿡
һ촽ûлشеǸԼˡ
β˽Լѣش˼Цһ¼˵ջʦ֡ʦϽɵĿγ̣ȥҲҪҵˡ
һ£߬һü΢ɣЩڴ漴ż˵ǻһοζûϹҲ֪ʦֽεʱʲôӵģʦôĿζһҲа
˵ʱ
ü򵥴ţ̫ױƭˣֻҪһνͷͻŶԷǸˡ
ͻȻԼش̾Ϣ˵ãȥϿΡ
ͬʱòöʮһСʵΣȴЦñȻõ½е֪ջйҪϵķǫ
ôãҲԴŵһһι㲥٣


6 Ұ
̫ŵӵĹΣǸʦְŵСѰδ޵ķ
ΪڿεĽźĵӣһһڷ䡢塢޵ȵȷĲͬѾѡŵҲᵽŵӴɽ
ټһɾأܽҵָ㽣ڸһ
Ϊõλã˸磬컹ûż῵ãɹռ˵һŵλá
ۼܵĵԽԽ࣬ЩĶ˶յῶС˵ΰûԺĸʵͦϲõģǴʦֺҸʺޣ
῵עԭһֱ棬仰ɫһ㲻Ļ
ȴ·ȫû˵ʦΪޣһһػһ̫ƽҲ
ԶԣֻúжЩŵĵôû
ҶϵŵӣĽϹһһ·˽ϻΧһɫëǷںȵԵʣҶ˴ëëȻһ£˳ĸ첲ϣٴνԼ
һֻѩɫС
ΪС׷Ψһ״ӣҶȻֻΪ跽ȴų󼰵ĵá
ȻģҶϵ˲Χ˱ſɰŮޡͬҪ̽ҶǷǾԼ˵ļΰڸͷСһ˲䱻Ⱥ֮⣺
ҶۼĿͰ͡ЩƯС۾һС׷ʢ˥ֻʦһݣį
῵ŴͱʱȫͬҶ岢ûϳ
鷳һ£Ҷһʦм˳ȥߵǰСʦܣҪС׷𣿡
ΏȻŵ˵÷㣬͵̧ͷҶ塭
ʦã㿴ʦ𣿡½ʱѾ嵽˼ῺҶ֮䡣ȥؾȴûҵˣ
ҶһֵۣŴʦֶ֪Ķ֪ȥ
῵ɴ۾ӣʦϺҲ÷㣡
ΪŶ÷ÿ϶л㣿Ǹϵ㣬ƺ̫һ
ľСصߣ۾ȷˣǸϵ÷ǲһ
һҶ½ʶͷȥףСɽеأ
½һŲſĵĴʦ֣Сɽʦ⣬Ķеӡ
Ҷһ½ţִ̧½㻹ƯСʦܣ½ʦŵֵ˭ܻ㣡
½һﵽһߣ˵˵˰ɣҿɲҵܣϧ񡣱ΪСŮҾͲְ
˵ĴֺܿһŵӣֱҶĵϢųֹⳡ־硣
ˡҶ˸ͷʱûסĴѰһ¼῵Ӱִյ⼸ŵʦߣЩ˵ƿߣոʦܻȥĺԸصԶ
Щ㶵ߵȺ֮⣬Щӵ϶ٶմ˵÷㣬ԶҲǸ˰ɡ
һֱڼ߸תʦּ˸ȴûһͣһСɰӣϲô졭
ˣдʦ֣ʦֻûǲǸϲޣҸոտʦʹʦֵľ뽣ͬʽľϧʯ̫ˡ
ῼǵǰѽʵ޻ûκεΣͬľǲͨľűԼֱۣĵֻСȸһСоͷˡ
ҲԼĵܵҲ챻˹ˣô죿
òײҵڣٲˮҪΪɽŹߵļΰһӭͿ˴ŹǷٵķǫ˹ͬͣһ¡
ǫվԭѵ÷˼Ƭ̣žײǣ͵͵ɽϿγٵıӦ
ѾǵڶˣԺһ汸Σ
ʦ֣۾һСʶ·ϲ˲ȻżֱӾ˾ʮȵĹ
ΰ
ǫе١
˵ллʦҵĶ幦һڼ
ǫ˵ͷС˵ʺ㣬͡˵ƹˣ߽ãˮޡ
ǫĿ˸ŲæӼᶨӺĵļŭ˷ǫһۣŲͣͷ뿪
޹ɵķǫ˸磬ãӣ֮˺֣ʲô
ǫܿûпˣһ߽ԭΧŵʦʵСӣȫʵʵصԼλϣŵĵӶһʱҺλõŷǫΡ
ǫżĽŲ΢΢һ£ջصıԵ̽ڴĿӲͷƤ˽ȥǶ޽
Ӧˢˢĵͷǫл˵úõλϯӡ
ǫͣһ£漴ǣֱ֮ǰȻǼ֣ǾͶɡ
½ŴҵǫʱպÿֽͬɨҶһ㽫ŵһһѵɨ졣
ԶԶĺڵУ·һֳ
֪ʦټǫ֣ͣսתˣգʧ
ԭص½ʦֹȻǷһĴʦ֡
̫ŵΪҪȹһɵ̤Ųִܵͬϵݣһ·ֱϾعڡԷ񲻶ɣǶɽٴ಻С
̫ɾطġ
ǫվ̤ŵ׶ѵóĬһ£ʮΪ̫ƾΨһ״ӡ
ʦʽϣƾǣһ·ŰپʮŽݣһջύϡ
ǫߵʱ׿ƮţѾ̫Žܵذһ𣬴ӴԺϢϢءܲɷ֡
ٴ̤ŵһ̣ǫƮ˶ʮķ·䡣ִǸǮеĻŵ竸һסͽ̫ʦɾ
̫Ϊ̫ʦ֣ϼ縺Ĳ̫һŶѣǳδϣ
ǫųصĽŲų̤ţһ˾ŰپʮŲٻʱ⽫ЪĺɫĺϣһյյƵһƮ٣
ˡеֻڵġ
ǫ߽պÿСʦҶڵϱƾǵĴŲͬʱͷ
Բ𣬴ˡǫ˺벽˹š
ƾüģоԼͽڱչؽĪıƤˡʦã㲻ǵˣ
Ҷɿ֣ϵ¶޹΢Ц
Ҷƾǹ֮Ů׸ĸ˫ƾǱ̫ţǫ껹ʱСޣѾͤͤˡ
ͻȻоΣķǫᣡУ˵ʮļӶʮԼԼպöʮ꣡
ǫǿԼƫ˼άʦк£
Լҹʮ˲˲ɱ߱Լһһ̫ȡƾź˵ԼҲˣΪʦҪǰȥݵ顣
ǫһüͷ𣬻ҶѾ˫˵ңŶĸģƾʲôҡ
尡߲Σհƾͷ۵ĺţҾͬˣʦݳҲͬģɾôһͽܡ
ûϵʦվ˵ҪΪԼļգڼ䲻ҡ
ǫĪе飬ڶƾĿʶӦʦģһչ˺Сʦá
лʦ֣Ҷ˹һ·ǫı뿪˾
÷ǫžܾƾĿԹĿԼͽܡ
ǫһתƻ⣺ǸԼҡ
Լǰɼ壬г˼ѵĺӣϧˡʵڹ𣬴ƽպֳɻ
ƾ̾һ˵ΪʦҲڶڵعٸСոͻƽڣкúùΪĽ𵤴ҲûоУκŵļλ϶ûпʱ䣬Ϊߡ
֪ʦ𡣡ǫæƾǵĸпԼʦԼ˵ȥ˶һ˵꣺ʦû飬Ȼȥ׼
һ£һγ֮⣬ѡʮŵӸһǰȥƾ˵һϷʵĿԼСͽܣȥݻ·ļ糤иʦԳͽܣΪʦô֪ʲôʱôһͽ
ǫŬ΢Ц˵ܲţͽԼ֪

鿴ճҵͬڵһʱ䴫ﵽеӵĵϡ
ˮʱǸûҵˣߵĿЩعʱŷûи
Ώعͷȴ˫ͨĿŵոûпϵĴţǹԼʮ˱һ£ĵȥýȡ
ſƲסԼĲǡ
ҲͷϵϢɫ䣬ȽҹɫҪĶࣺ֪ˣģһȥ


7 뿪
ǫ˵Ҫʰȫȫҵֻһšʯһƽһ÷
ź÷ߣҲûʲôʰġ
ճӶķǫ°еǿľƣƾѣȷʵеĴѶߡ
ڴ֮⣬¼ɵӻ֣ǫĻѾൽһмλ֡
Ϊʵʵϸɵйķǫ
굽ôԼôƶģ
ǫ½ֵܴȥϢʱպÿһԺ䡣
½½ֵܹĺܿ죬ֻԶԶľ˳ֵĵ
ƾʲôŵӿԽӵŵӲԣĻжԴеĸ½
½ųȵĶࣺǸŵһ۷һȺڵС𣿡
ʲôʵģ޵֮߾֮ҲܣʦִӣҪȥ
ôСʦһ֣ʮ˶Ѿѡˣûˣ
滹һŸոСôܣ
˼ƾѡϵġ
ǫ˵ֵȻòһͦбʶȵġһ˵С˭
½ǸһѪҲĺӣĪĴ˸ûм硣ܿ쿴÷µķǫ˫һֱ˹ʦ֣һȥ񣡡
½һûסˣһεߵǫǰʦֽǹʲôҪ
ǫѡԺ½ĻֱӸ½ת˽һĻ֣չؽҸо޶ĿǰΪû̫ôһ¾ֳҡҡ鷿ȣʱǸһ£˳չһ÷
ǫһĺ˵˵ĴʦҲŬԼĴʦ֡
½ûӦĳոջҪȥĺѾһڴӦʦַģһĵ⡣ȫ˴Ӧ֮ͲܸųˣֻΪܰϴʦֵæĲѡ
ʵ̫ģҲղķǫֻתƻ⣺Ǹո˵ĽСô£
ʦڴʦ𵤽ٵʱ򣬴Снм῵ĺӡűкܶ˱̨⼾ῲŸո壬̫õֻǱ˶Ҫָ̨ϣҲֳӲͦ󡣡
½ԴŶԼ῵ϿɣҲźܿͻٶһСʦˡ
ǫĬһ£ѾŬܿˣΪʲôǻ겻ɢأ

һɽſڼϣɽļƮѩȴļڡڻѩһɽȴꡣ΢ϸſڵʯǰͲԶƮѩμ羰
ź۾͵ɽ⣬һϮ°ɫۺܿͱʪˡԲ̫ˣû
̾˿Լ۲ŵͷϣȥɣһġ
һһֱԼǷŵġԴһҹȾѪּűǾͳ˱˴˽ʣˡչűϰ߶ҲѾΡ
Ĩһ᣺ΰִ֪ȥԶûлŵҪһúʦ͸ҵĶ幦Ŭǿ
ΰ̫æ֤Ǳؼˡ
ٶ䣬ͼʣµľ˽ֻܰѻ˻ȥ̫һеһ˵
¶ĵ˵ͷȴֻΌĹȣûа䶣ϣںʦִкĸ뿪
⼸ŮӡеӡΪߵһĵṫӣѾ۷壬⼸ȻΪסӵܶ°ɫβͬƫһ£̬Ȼºͣüȴһư
῿ó˶ԼŵĲϲȴҲ⣬һԶԶվ±ꡣ
Ҷڳʱ̸ϵģ˻δȴһ죬һѷۺɫֽɡһ·һ˫Цۣž׽
ĵ˹ȥȻһŴ磬ȴֻ߲Ϊһ£ܲѽ
Ҷվ˵鵱лһոСһշüСվڲԶ·ʪ͸ˣ˺̲֮סЩ
ɡȥͱסʵλʦ㣬ƽԨģ𣿡
͢ˣҶ忴۲Ļ˻֣ʲôߣ˻ûء
Ҷ˵ЩĿԭļʱǳʱһ̣Լ˯ͷԳٵˡһ·϶ڵĻᱻ˵˷Ĵʦֱ֣ӱҲ˵
˶ˣʦĶأ
λʦûĵĻû˵ͿɤѾһˡ
ǫɽŻûгɡƮѩ꣬һûϡ
Ҳˣüͷ΢΢ϵΪϤΪǫҲİࡣ
´ڷǫϣǸδѵģȴʮַԱ֮ٴһͷ·ʩЧ򭣬ѵĸо
ͬ˯ͷٵ˵Ϊֲժʮһ÷֦ķǫ֦һһָʦʦǣŪ֦ķһЩʱ䣬˱Ǹ⻨֦ϷһΣգá
һ֦÷˼ϣ̧ͷǫϲŵͬ÷֦ǳٵѣôţ
ĵ˼˵лʦ֣һúءʹã
ǫ
ΰ
ǫ˵ͷּճ˳ۣԼվȥˮ㣺ʲô
γѰ㣬׷Ծֻۡʣ¼῿߳һصĸ߶ȣһСѾ䵽˼¡
һģʱԼŴͬһӸţһֱӼۣԼ
ǲԼԲŹҪ
Ὼڷʱûپۣԭⷽǫˡ
δڳôڴԼ̫꣬Ŵʦɾһһնɱһǳصʱ
ǲ׾ͿԲҲԵõꡣ
һϼ⣬ϼûֻ֪Ѿϰ˽䱸׺ݱڴ
ȻŬĴ̶ʱȴЩôʻ㲻һƤƤ²һֻӵĶ
жڴж
Ҷһ²ŷһûһ׼ȥˡߴ鷳
漴ǸһĴʦѾһƮۣһǸС鿴Ҫж
һαǫʱϸͻȻͣˣ¶һĨϼٴŵϤ÷㡣
ΏѾŵϣ۾ȴԼ۵ıԵϣ۴ʱѾˣֻܿһƬƺ
ǫץż῵죬Сѵô㶡·ɵı飬Ц˵Ҫ£ҿȥ
Ȼ㲻Բ綺档;óôģҪҵȤ²ǡ˵ճըëС̣ż¶㶵ı黹ͦɰġ
ΰ˹ȻǺܶӣ


8 
ݳһҾ¥¥̫ŵ·˵ʱ㵱С
ż䵱Уǫɵпڶ¥ߣ¥һһͷ˿÷֦ţһκģ
ֻмڣȴһĲˡ
ⲻ𣿡ǫῴͷβûжӣŹÿӼһڼ῵Уֳ־ƺֱһڣЦ
ЦһֻαװҪˣ鰸ģԺֵġ
ʲôǲѾȥٸõ𣿡ǫͷЦСĹĵӣȻ֪ΪʲôƺԼҵİӷǳġ
ǱҪֻйԼǰķ֮һ飬ڼ䲢ûŲҰ鴫Ҳһֱ֡
Ҳ֪ûдǱķǺߣƴ½һҲֻеعٸˡ
ֻɼ£ƹ˼򣬼ɼҲҪӻʼҶµĹ粻ɱˡǽԲеȡ
ȻܹάĹ򣬳ıӻ֮⡣ҲΪ֮޷λ߰һɼҶǧ꣬һҶľҪǿҲǼšĬϵĽ
̫ϵĵһڣ¼ûɼûг͢ɣҲַ顣
ǫһûк꣬ҶѾŹ
ʦ֣õ˲ǾڣǷɱǸԼΨһҴҲѾˣô죿
ῶϷǫ֮еɫ겻ּ֮Űһ˲Ѫɫˡֻ꣬ò̫Ųлᣬ̫ŵͷ࣬ѵһҲҪ
ǫžƺԵЦĴŵô죬õӦѾǰ׵˰ɣ
ҶﾡǲԸǲǲְ飬ǽ뵽˸ñԺãʾнʱ֪ͨǣǲܴˣһ١ʦҪж𣿡
жʲô¶һѾ˶ˡǫ°˵ţȻҲɴû˵õûи֡СʦãȴڸסţҲʾһ̫ŶԴӣûн뿪
Щ𣿻ûţҹ̽һ¸ãҾڣ
ǫͻȻԼʦԸҶԵʣûУҪϵ㣬˿ࡣ
õİɣٸ㱨Ҷ˵ţͬʱǱߴŲܿͨš
ǾͲ𣿡ԱߴСеĿУƮƮĲС
ǫڳ˼͵رһ̲ס̧һ¼῵ԴСյĲҪˡѽΪʲô飿ʲôʱ¶Ҳһ˵ˣ
˵ŴյῶߣȻΪûݾͺʦʦǷֿжΪʲôȻΪһС˵עˡ
ȻһǴռˣӻһЩ
㶵Լú˵ţԼĶҲеֲ治ˡµ˳͢ϣΪʲôҪҶʦȥٸҪڣ
ɵȻԼҵʱ˻Ųܲһֱû˳棬ֵľһôе飿˵Ҫ˵ֿشߣһˮȻ
ǫִǳƵģΪʦֵĶʮȴξƶδմΪźȲҲȾһĨ죬Ǳ˵֬
῿һ£漴ƿߡ
˹ȻףЩǺҵġΌȴҲûٳţⲻ֪ǫѾʶ¥
Լһҹ֮ʮˣô¶ϲ˵˽۵Ҳ١
¥Уʺ̸۵ĵط
ԼһΪƣȻҲŵˣȴû˵ļӣһҲ֪ǵʲôˡֻǿϧԼҵλС㣬˵ðڵģΪ˴£û뵽ôˡ
ҵĶүǣ˵ŵһɾҲеƴϧඣһԼҳ׾ˡ
͵ȴȻɾ
ǼҵСԳӳ𣿡
ͬͣһ£յ˵ڸõĴ˸˵λԼСүҹͻȻˣ˵˼ǣ֢ߵġ
űɱԼһûʲô츳ģ𶼲֪˭Ҳˡ
洫þƱ༸ĵҲǲݡ
ǫջʶʱһѾȵ˵׶ϵĲҲͿʼԲ˵ļῳ˸߰˰ˡ
СôܳԣҪˡǫ̧һΡ
ѵЩ͹Ķû˵ȴС˵ʱ򣬽Ψһһʯ˳
С۾۾ֿһ仨ԭǸСɾʧʧ
Ȼûü֣ǿʯѾʧˣȡ֮һƬҶӡ
ľ͵ʱˡǫ˵ԱߵСֱ¥߱ĳĽû˽̹㣬Ǯǲ˷ѵģͲˡ
῱һľҲǮ
ҲҪŲʦҪӣϾ߷仨ʯʵ̫ݳˡ
òױʱƳ߸ˣ˵ôǰҵʯҡ
ǫ῵Ŀ⣬΢΢һǣ㲻Ҫ÷֡
ΰ

ȻܶҾͽڷ˽磬ҪҲҪ徻Уܲ뷲̫
ɽݳǶһѵõСԼҾͽɽϣҪ߹һɽ·ִܵ
ո봺꼾ǫͼῸߵɽϸ
ῺòײŸ˵·תۼʪ͸ˣֳͷʶߵ겻մˡ
ң;Լסꡣǫô˵СԴԭʪ͸ĳ˲øˬ
ϴɽ֮У῵һתıߣǲոûɹ˿ֱꡣ
῱ͷٴʪ͸Ҳûһ˿תͷͶ˷ǫϷʵĿ⡣
ô˵Ļ·Ǹɵӣ
ῷ߷ߵţʶӿ˽ŲκԱߵҲô˶Բĸϡ
һ·ǵǺܿ쿴ĻеԸ
ԼҲңȻȲ̵̫ţһȥܿΧǽɽ̨ͤ¥󡢵һˮľС
ԼҵĴŴʱţٸķӡ濴ʲôֻǷǫһʶü壬죬Ѫ˵Ũǽ˵ѪŸɣȻׯ԰
ǫһסһζǰߵļΰĸϵˮֽٲһԾԼҵΧǽϡ
СᡢɼļΌڷǫֱϣ˼ǿסԼݣҧ


9 Ȼ
ȻԼڵľв²⣬ǫվΧǽһȥһɲǣǳ
ʮʬôŶԺӵУ桢ǽڵѪЩѪڸɿݺѾɫˮĳˢ󣬻ڷ϶УɺɫСӡ
ڿ⸱ʱͿʼ̲סĲ͸û·־嵽˼¡Ļڵסı飬סеĺ⡣
¾ʵվű𶯡ǫֻС걾еĿ־壬ֽῷΧǽϣֱһ̤ԺС
ԺԹ죬ȥĹڱĥѾʧȥԣֻʣغ⣬ŤԺеĴߡ
ǫ̾һһ̳뽣
ҪһʶҪֹȴһͷΧǽȥֻһ⡣
ʯ˼῵Ķͷһ£ų˹ȥԺйʧ֪նɱͻ᳹׵ʧˣҲͬĳ
һ˲ˮ£ĺ̲סʹ
Ϊ˵ꡢҲΪһͬΪ
ЩϿ˵ĸסּ˵ӰӣȴֻظһجΣްν߱
Ǵӽٵһᣡ
ǫ쿴ΰҲ֪⺢ûǻôһĹܰԼ㵽࣬ͻһ㡣
ǫ𳤽˿δϵ߬ȭСⲽߵǰᳬȣֻýѪȻꡣıԴѪ㲻Ѫ˿ڶʱҲû취ϡ
֣С˵ֵ࣬ÿޱ𣿡
ײǫ˳ȥûпԭ겻մˣʱѾˮմʪ˷١
ǫ̾˿ô͵ЩСһֻСҲǺ׵롣ٹܵûӰˣߵһֶѻʬǰ鿴
Щ϶ûֻͨķ˶ѣȻʬ嶼鲼˽ˣȻŰɱ
ǫɫ΢ΪʿôĲͷ
Ȼ֪ЩѾֻأײĿǼʬĻ֮¡ǫ̧һ֣Ȼȼճ鳾
ǫתͷöĳֻС̵СϵĶһ٣СַʲôƢأ
ںܿ켾῾͵ͷĿ⣬ƽ˵ʦ֣ҹûˡ
ԼңȻֻЩˡ
ǫҲżῲ©֮ôԼЩʿĶȥأ
ȥ˸ãׯ
̫ܡɽ븮úׯңԶôʬȥû˿ҲȻ۲Ŷԡ
ôãȴûһᵽԼ˵ʬȥĶˣնԼ֮Ҳֻ˵ѡ
ĿܣԼ˻ɽϣֻϣûбֳ׻ʬ˰ɡ
ǫţԸתһȦ޴ڵѪ֮⣬濴ʲô쳣Ľϸûбƶⳡ̫ʱԭвصҲϴˢɾˡ
ͣһĨ߲ʵϼ⹴ڲ֮ϡվ£ῲſǫʪͷ¶ı飺ͷ
ǫ΢ͷǰС̫ˣ죬ôң
ΌŤͷͲöһʣ˵ûһĻ
Լҵլɽģߴɽɽ淽ǫͼ˶Ѿˣûʲôرĵط
Ȼȥǫ˵˳ɽȥ
ԥƬҲСŸ֮˽׵ľ롣
˾ͿߣСıǵˡǫͷһ۶ֶȵС̣ЩüȴǷ˽Ų
СƲƲ죬ɱͬľ룬㲻СŸˡ
ɽԽԽۿֻʣһĨк죬῾Լ˫ǹǦһֻļ̌š
ҲͶˣЩ¥һӾϯΪתע̲סʵҪɽʲô
ڷءǫعͷһЦĶдеɷǣžĴɣںȥü
вҧͷһĺɫµԸ¾ٲ
ûͻȻһһ⣬ɽ·Ϸǫġʱڸ˹ʱɽˮģû뵽ȴĿС
ῴ֮ʣͻȻǫڼϣ˳һ£Լȥƶʱˣȥڷصġֲȥлġ
ῲŵĵɴ۾ոȥĸ㱻ѵ³ɫڷǫĺϣ޺޵Լһ᳤󣬱˴ܶ࣡
ɽͷһˮѨҲԼҵڡǫֱܷ֮ΪҲԹᡣյʱ򻹺ãҹĻԹŨصĿܵģ
ֵһƬصȴڵ˵ĵ
лˡǫ˳ֽῷڵϣָָǰķĹ˳ʲô𣿡
῵۾˰죬ȴûʲô쳣
ǫߵĹ߰üϸϵΪˮԵʣĲƽѿµĺۼǾɷأȴģԵɻʱˡ
˵ŽԼҺ԰˳ΏУԼŽߵһ£۾
῱ű˻߳һص¶˶٣һԲ˷ء
ܵԹǱ̼һ㣬͵˹ȴڽ֮⡣
̧ͷһ۲ԶڷˣĬĬӿڷصٶȡ
ǫڼ῵ƿ󣬵ͷһԼе֡Űѹեֻͯڷֹ˿ϣԼΪ̫಻֡
ܷڵԹ̾˿עʧѪһ죬һγǰһҪȥʦһ¶Ȼ֮
ֻǲݲµģ˲һʱڳȫʬһʮ˾ʬ壬Ըеĸպôճʮߡһ˲ԭͣͼԹȫˣܵķ·𶼰
̧ͷзǫȴöһĿĹ档
죬˵ϣӦһؽ׵Ȼǰ
·̾Ϣһô˾ͲҪŻС˰ɡ漴ʧȥʶ
ǫг˯ȥСŵһԵ¡
ƮڰеҲŹֻǽܵԹȫ㼯Լϣԭ͸Ļʵ
ΪʵһɲǣԭѾƽϢԹ˲䷭ڶƱավ³ֽķǫͷ·һҶۣ˹С
꿴ŷǫеľ뽣ɫѪ˳ۿޡ
˵ű㻯ΪצǫץǫܿɱҲǽޣ
겢ûлشȴ·𱻽ִ̼ŷǫٴ¹
ǫĵ˿ٴ˺ѣһϡǰ۷ΪϲԹӳ֣ЩûΪǰöȻֻͣƬٴγ
뽣רǳ궼ǫԥʱ󱳱ץѪۡ
ƴˡǫҧָܷϣָѪֱӵüϡ


10 
ָŵͷѪ곹ָͣһϢ忡ģֺܿ챻Թ
˷Σۿ˶ˡ
ԹܵӰҲɢ˿¹³ĵ÷ǫɫ԰ѩ˵⸱ģٸе㲡˵Уƻ
ȵЩͷ˸Ƿ˵˵λֵܣɫҲˣʲôĻܿ𣿡
ᡢˡԡϡҡԡӡޡЩӲһһٵ⼸˵֮Թɢ˲٣ʱֻС
ǫԶдֵı磬ϴ޵Ļ˭ɱ㣿
޵˳ˣǫҿٵĻشҲ֪ͷѽҺͼᡣ
˵ˣܿʧڿС
ǫһ뱻Ļ֪
ͷһ˯ļΰ̾˿ߵʮ߾ʬǰоȻһͯСС˿ڿԿóΪȷʻЩȫǻߵ
ڽǵʹѹԹôŨء
ȻڿҪܶ࣬ǫ˴ʱŽãڶڹ飬ѾͶӦò̫ƽˡ
õķǰݣģһǱġ
ǫ˳Լϵߵ῵Ƿġ
ǫֽ̧Сڱϣٲɽ
ῶ˶ӣѵûجΣֻ·ŵ÷㡣

Ǳѹѵģؿڴѹ۾ʱŸǰȴһƬڣһʱеֲԼںδ
ῺòͷŷԼżһŰŰڻУؿϻѹһźֱۡ
ֱ۵˲Ƿǫ˭
Ƭ̷ƿʱſ巽ǫɫؼޣĵɫҲֵĲ԰ס
۾ٿʱȴϷǫЦЦ۾ÿ𣿡
ġŴӴȥԽǫʱȴ˲ס½ǡקһûקŭǫ
һ·ɽлл˵𣿡ǫɿ˽һ´һͷ˿ɢڱ
ῶڴߣӵȱлشˡҹһͳһһ⣬ȴɽڷأ˯ŵʱ򻹲ã˲žöθۡ
Ŷӣм֣л
ǫԼǽڲöﻹһֻҪͶιͷͷϵСҧгݵģҪǲ֪ΪԼ֮Ѿޡ
תڼῷǰһСգҹ;С˵㣬ָȴչˣ߰ȥԷ
ǫֺɹջһֻܵƣըһŵ̡
ʦ֣Ҷʦ㲻ˣ
ǫըë״̬ŪɾͻȻһ̫ϤһԴͷڵǸĵĵӴϢ
ԱצҲ̫һ㣬ҹͻȻߴ˵ַҪνĽࡣ
ǫޱֻҪǸɵģʦ֣˵ô£
ҽҶʦţȴ᷿ûˣֻһ˵ҪȥҾڣõϵͬϵϡ
֣ǫüģҶ岻Ҫжȴ͹ȹֻʱӴСʦõӳ̶ȡ
ҪŪˣ˵ʦ𲻻Ụλ̳ԣճΪ׷ɱӵݳ׷ɱߡ
ǫϴţϵҶͬûн˳һ͵ļΰǶȥԴˣ
ΰȲ˵󻧵⣬ܲȻһƣ
һ磬ݸĸڴΪ̫ŵǼλ񷢳ʱͻȻյ˴Ϣ̫ŵɾ١
æ¾ܣܱʣ˵Ǹʲôɾڶʮǰͼݺȥôţ
˵ƿţһ̧ͷͺԺƮĿԸš
Ҳûˡ
ǫְҵЦһ£Բʧˣš
εĴЦӭȥλӦþ̫ʦ֣Ϊһ׵ɾɣһȻ֪ɾʵʧԶӭ֪ɾСط
ٲһ¶˵ķǫ΢΢һЦȻΪԼһ¶ʦµһգʦŻϡ
ſվŵһ˵СЦαǰ
ƺ̫뿴
ᣬɾԡ룬ʹȥ͹ɵļλʦϡͷƣҲڸסԼı顣
ǫͻȻԱһ϶ӾͳճǼƵĳСͻȻ˵ˣʱǲǸˣ
ά΢Ц飬ڵɾôʵڵ𣡣
ȻдͨŵӵĹдɾ⽻²ˣԼ㡣
ǫɫȸк׼òʱʵ˽տɼɵСʦҶ壿
հȺĺеĸ㱻̵ͷδҽ˻
ǫĻˣںʱøҿ
һŵķӣɾ֪й涨δǰתκ˹ۿ
ǫǲת˻⣺ȳԷɡ
˿˿ӡ
ȻдɾģűزܺᣬʽС෱ࡢʽǷǫʱȴĳ˵СԵĲģе
ǫһã̫ܲ˻
ԱЦ׼в˵ĸԾҵԴͷӦûҪæ˲ڴ㣬֮ԻѰʦˡ
һϾͱͬûüţò׺һȴ㱻ŷɵĸһľı롱á
ǫΪΏúóԷˣȴ˿ӣԭֻúóԶٷķǫҲĬĬ˿ӣ㵽ʲôŤ
˵ҪвáЩʳʣ֪ҹʲôҲ֮ӵ˻׷ȥ
Ҳ˰ǫҧзư˵˵⸮õзưĵصҧ֮зֱ˳˱ǡ
һͷ˹ȻҪ𣿵ζҪɱԼŵˣȻҲʿ
ûףͻȻһԴ̧ͷŭɹȥȴǫſЦӯӯĿԼ
ڰýҲˡԭЩ͢˹ǣȻ̫˶Ҷ͸ÿǵ
ǫӵתּһСڼǰһȦӽԼĿУò˵⸮õСҲܺóԣ֪Ӧһ
վ˲ȫûпȡ֮˲ԭļΰ


11 
ǫ¿ӵʱѾŵѾԺ⡣
ɫǺܺÿ񣬾ϣܹȡɻֵġһʲôûɣŵСʦŪˡ
ǫȫΧ˹ػʦ֡
ǫһžͼųһվһʵһѣʲôͷɥģ
ΪŵеĴǰʵʦ֣ô죿
ɫеưǼ˲٣˼ͰգԭܺʹʦַֿжҲиķӿռ䡣
ܹڴʦ֮ǰץ֣ôʦǲǾܹסԼ
ǫȫûע⵽ǰ޵ĳݣʲôģ
̽Իش𣺡鰸ӣ
ǫЦһۣǾͼѽҵСʦöˣΪ˼Ҫæһ²ǣ

ǵòӵ檰سһȺʱǫʮʦܡʦֱӴ˽
ʱպں࣬һθɴ࿨ɤȵ˺ѷΡ
δԷֱӿȱǫߵһģɤһֱ˳һӵǷˡ
̲֪һƿͷȽȥⶪۡ
תͷǫʱѾ˲֪Цǿ޵ı飺֪ɾкָʾ
ǫҵСʦҹ㸮ʧˡ
һ£ǫ֮ǰ̿ߵɾȷʵûСʦã᲻ᡭԼ߳ȥˣ
ܡǫתһȦĵʾ˻ڹ󸮵С
̧Ӳ˲麮ھȥѰҶʦ
ǵأǶԼң֪һǾ˸е˻¡
ǫһ䣬סˣ󼸸ŵҲ
ǫЦЦһʦʦãŸû𣿽վǷҲҳ
ǣʦ֣ĵһ̧ͦͷߡǼԥһ£վڷǫ
һ£ɾʹðæԼûΪסŵӣգ֮ǾӾѾʧ⡣
ǫյʱ̽ʿΪ۷ѣû˸Ҷ̫ŵˡ
ϥǳ̾ͷȻԶķǫֻôԲɾţһŭָ֮ŷǫڲԣɾ㡭˰ԵͲ»׷𣿣
ǫʲôȤЦһ㣬ۿԵҶʦʦ֮ӣݳΨһ״ͽܣңϣ̫һˣ
⡭﷢࣬ȻҲܳùعơǶɽ˰ϵȻû£ҪĴŵĵߣһССݸôס
ǫûǷеĸż˳ȥ
ߵ˵ͥԺʱǫͣ½ŲüͷһĿ⿴ԶԭıȻʧ
ЩϡĿߵˣ˻αװŻӲǵһμģ
һȻãĿҳɱԼ˵֣Ҳܷһǰּҵİӡ
ѵʵȻԶλѰˣȥҶʦ𣿡
ǫһĿΰʲôʱˣ
ող˵
ǫȻЦƭģȻôܴӦѲ顣
˵갮Ŀһɵǣ̾˿˵˵ȥһһü
ῲŵĿǫով
ȻأʣµһѾˡ
ǫЦŰסըëԵļ῵Դ̴ֻӽӵʼһֱţܲڽɳһ㣬ˮڣҾͲССݸ˲صȥɡ
һѾȫŷǫĻˣǫԼ˳ȥ
ϧȻ̫̣ǫ׷˳˵תһ򡣡ߡ
Ҳȥһģ
ܣֱǫ˻ʲôǸ㿪ЦģȥҾڡ
ῺɵĿ˷ǫһۣλεָΡ
ǫһɿ֣ϰߣԷˡ
ȼתͷȴַǫѾӰ
ղŸãոշǫڵʱ򲻾ã˲ŷԼδ֪֪ȥĶ
Ǹ˵ĴŴʦ֣һĿģ˽µԸȴ˶ӣպ㣡
ޱţȴûз𵱳ԷǫԼܵѵƭͶŪ߳ŭĺӡ

ǫȻҲ·ֱץһõ˸Լ·ֱȥ鷿תһȦ
ȸյϢϹʱǫѾ˳ְеİһߡ
ôǵɾ˵ҪҹŵСʦãΪλܵ鷿ĵ˵ţԳƶˡ
ǫҲǺ⣬һİһ飬ϧûкԼصݣЩϧķ˻ȥ֪СʦƤʲôطҴ
һ㴭ؿڸԼ˳ǼʦʲôطܴܰİԼѹֽƬİвɣ
ǫûʲôϰ׵ϰߣҲûпһʹܲסı飬ߵԷǰ̬º͵˵ʦûһ¹󸮳ڵĵطĶ
㣡̫һֱ˹ȥ
ǫֱӴϿ˹ȥʮ鶼黹ñ˲飬ͱ赭дһʴĸҲûˡ
ǫ߳鷿󣬸մץһ·ʱٴδĵϢʦ֣Ƿһε᷿нǽȥ
˵طʵǼ緢ֵģڸǫֿ֮󷢾Լ·һҴһصĻ԰С
Ÿ봺ȴù𻨣΢жŨĹ㣬ȴ·ᵽһ˿
ַľֻ̫ڿ۾һ׼ǰ鿴Ȼֱֱײ˽档
ῴӵֳ֮ŵʱԥ˰ΣոһΪʦ㴫ϢҲһУΨһһ΢Цˡ
һֱĵһյῴϢ󣬼ŵͬʱ˹ȴҲ޲ߡ
ͼ齣ǿͻȴ⵽ɣѺǫȴǼȷʵ
ֻǵǫתһȦвʮˣźòҵ⴦С԰󣬿վ֮СһۣʹָܷԻһĵطȫǹ⻷
˲뵽ǽϻһͬɫ˿Ϸתţ
ǫһޣδϰ󷨽صĿγ̡ȷнֱͳ˾뽣һնȥ
ס֣


12 
һڷǫĽϣǫûնȥ磬ֱƿ˽硣
ǫսʱͼһڹٱǼΧסвΪʿҲйֲӦ
ոǵλظõ۷ʿʱվڸߣɫЩ԰ףȻոȫһ
ȻѾ˺˵ɾһɵףһֱҴլƻҸн磬аԵҪ볯͢ΪУ
Ըͱ˵ʻʽǫֻĵĿһۡ
Ѻ΢ɫմ½ϣ·ͻ;ģ˵ڵĻȴ䶼ˣ̫Сʦڹʧ٣ǴȴﴦѰңĪʦʧٺʹйأ
㣡ֱǿʶָŷǫ˵ΪǿҸȥɣͲ˼Щʦʦ𣿡
ǿʶҵҪ˭̫ˣǫ˵ż῵˾ֱԺڡ
æֱżż
һ˲뷢ǫνתЩǰȻͣסȽȥҡ
ǣʦ֡ĵ֪ԼҲֻۣɴԺڡ
ظõ۷ƤһɴԾץΪ͵ļΰͼΪҪЮƷǫ
῵ɫŸողУ۷Ŀ⣿ڶԷץʱܶû취
ĵȻҲˣκΪٶȶȲˡ
ָ߬ȭǿԼɴ۾űƽˣȻȴɺѪ档
ʿãȻĿԼϲŵĽ𽥱𾪱ڶȻ֮·ֱҪ
ǫ䣬ƽƽĳ뽣ֻһ˦׷أԭתֳʱ˳ֽļֱ£С
ʿȻ£¶ǰ῵
ǫ۱һѪļΰĬһ²̫ĵ˵Ǹʵ̫Сֻˣû˼Ǽʲôȥˣ
ļγѣ첽߽ԺУһûٸ
̧Ӳ˲ѪűվԭءԭҪлĻΪСֻ׿ɤ棬˹Ȼᣡ
ۿŸг깩ʿһˣһһƨڵϣ㡢㡭һҪ̫࣡ıȫ£
ǫЦŶ佣ϵѪɣҲʦ𣬽°ʦáҪʦ£һ˵
˵ԼҲˣͱпڹµʦʦǻ
֮ʣĴżʦʦôҴ˳һյ˵ʦ֣Ժûˡ
⻰һǷǫסˣڵϲĸҲסˣ漴һЦ˵ɾ˵ˣȻûҪҵˣǷԻȥˡ
һǴ㽫ոյĶԹƹˡ
Ը̫ƽǫҲԸϷǫתͷױɰӵļ῵죬Сֱ߽ԺС
һ㶣ͷסһԹֻܿһЦıڷǫһ˽ȥȴûø𹭼͵|ǹ
򴽰νվڷǫովλãܿ⼸ŵҲȫ˳׷װνһţ͸˶š
ò˵᷿һľŵĵطͥԺɽһӦȫͥԺĲ̨ϻһ²裬Ȼ˲Ÿ߲á
ǫֱԹºͣԭر˫Ŀʶݣһ˲ⷽطֵֺĳǰ
һ˲䣬ˮβٶȷ·𶼱ûļ˺Щٱ׼ν
Զĵطһˣƺ˷ǫʶعͷһЦ˴һŹ棬˵Ĺɭ
ˣ
ǫ۾ֱʧڼǰԭصļΰɫĺͻڲͣز麹ĸһۣ˫ܿƿߡ
룬ɴ߽˿һ˵᷿ͼѰ©
ǫڷǸֵ˵ͬʱ͵ִطһķϵԺӣӲݴ
ǫûиоκ˵ϢԺĴųţ·׷ȥһʶ̽һ顣
һ鵹鵽һΥ͵ĵطԺһʯͷڷŵλƺûκε⣬ȴƫƫһִھǶĸо
ǫһ۹⳨ĴţתͷƵľʯǰҲûǰ鿴Žֱ
Ӿе㲻ϷˡϷʵЦڶ
ǫٿʱǰĶʲôʯֻӲݶѡ
װŪǫЦһֽһ
ǫתͷպÿŴЦĹǹڶϷǫߺ󷢳һƮЦտɫŹĹĳһָСɰ´һ档
˵ǱҺһڻһУǫὣɨ׷С
ǫеһƺߣ漴Ǻͳɢȥ
ǫһգ۾׷֮⣬վڳǽˣȥѾҵǸ˵ټ
ҲǽϵΪܵĻˣǹڵԼϷˣһһټԼѰҵ
֮ͽ
ǫһӰһ֮Ѿص˸֮С
᷿⣬ĵȾŵӺȻѾ͹ٱȫС
ǫֱӲ嵽м䣺ˣǻҪڸ͡
ѵԼµӣĿȴŸЩˣǿˡ֡͡Щɵ˱
ǫͷһʦʦãŸȻЩǱûˣ˿
ȵȣԣŸˣһĶˣ
ǫһ£СױױɰӵС̣˳᷿
Լʹе㽡ķǫתͷ߽᷿ӭͿΏﱧĶ͸š
ʵһʼ庢һϣܰѻĶǷǫþδԵʣȻѾЩͷֱȥ
ǫż῾ǿǰʶνһ٣ȻͶ˼תƹĿ⡣
ǫһЦߵǰʲô
Ҳû뵽Լո׼ͱǫţɫЩΣ⡭Сʦõİ֮һʱ鼱ɾ
ȻģǺ̧ͷСӵģȴֺࡣ
ҭһ£סĿ뱾ģûü˵Ŀһֱû뿪֮ɫ̰ȡ
ǫЩϡʼΰĶҵģոĴô˶ûҵСԼҳˣ
ѵùɵ˵ڰС
˵ǹȻԴѰ
øҿǫӼнӹǶľ޴𻨣С侫£Ŵô౶ʵ㲻Ư
ɾ㿴⡭ǲǿԻˣ
˫ֲԾҪȥǶ𻨣ǫܿڴ֮ǰ˻ش𱾾һ⣬ϵλѵǺˣ


13 
ڷǫ󣬸ĶһڨЦ˵λշɳڸнһʱ䣬ʲôĪλɳʲôⲻɣ
ԭʿڴҲǲֵһǫЦһֱ̽ǶĹУУɫȻ䣺ǣܺã
˵ֱӽ÷飬һɫ͸Ǵӹ𻨵ķĩƮ¶Ŀܡ𽥻ָŷǫķ־񣺡ԼҶɣлɾ
ԭǰտоžޣ˵츳ɾᲢ۵ԼҶүɫĻǴŴˣԭ;̹ģȴ۶õ껪С
ԼҶ˵ٴξһһԼҵķ򣬴ʱһɹˮԵ뷲ҲԼˡ
ʱԼڶԩһ𣬷ǫûԩľҲδɥĲ¶
ǺҩǫĿתЦһȷϹ浱ваνҩһɨԺ˲ɷ档
ڷɳı£һ¸Ե῿Ʋס̧ͷıӰһʱ񼤵һζԳ
ֶͬ裬ֱֱȥɾĲ֪ʲô֪
ǫŸͼΰֲԾվ뽣ٻعͷѾָƽɫɡ
ΡΡվɾ⡭
˵Ļ῿ŷǫһ˫۾ī˵Լʲô飬ֻøոԼһι˹ֱЦ
ǫĬһ£΢΢һЦְΰȴƫͷִܿŵؿ۾
ǫܿ˼῵Ŀ⣺͢¶Ȼг͢ܡ
áЦһͷҲص뿪ߵſʱͷһۣȻ󳹵׼סط
ͣӲ麹Сʦǲˡ
ǫż῵ıӰֱʱ˿֪кδл
ЦҪɾʵʲôˣľǻͻǡ
ǫ֪⸮Լк壬ȴȥҲίֱӴϵͲ޷ˡ漴ת뿪
ߺϥһڵϣմŵϵǶ𻨲Ľۣȥҵɵ

Ժ⣬ĵǰ涼˶ῳʦȴټνﴳǫæսʦ֣ȥĶ
ɫˣȥҸطŰɡǫ˵Ĵ˿СǸأ
ĵһԥ˵Ҹոպ񿴵ʦ뿪˸á
ô󣿡ǫʧЦˣŵԥһ˵˳ȥٿɡ
¥ǵһҾ¥ٽ侫̶ҪԼҡ
ڵԻչƴֵһ棬ֱӰ¥
ʦʲôʱţ¥ĲյǱùģ⽫Լɰ߹׳裬ź΢
ǫûнӲˮӴһ¥ľƣԼȣץ˾ͻȥ
һԲСʦգգ۾ЩãʵǸڵ˲ѾˣĶȥ׷ѽĻײǸ
Сʦ뵽˻ƳҩĲѿһָʾģʦĲ𣿡
ץҲϣʦȻͻָ˵Ҫġ
ǫŽˮ˻ξƺǸ˼ȻнڵΪҪ뿪Ļɱ˾Ϳֱˣǳ֡ҼȻûҩʲôҶʦõټûҵأڻȥƤ𣿡
Ļ˵꣬Сô죿
ȡǫͷһȻеǰ͸Զֵ׼򡭡
Ļû˵꣬˳ŴľֱȥպûƳϣлι˲ʵơ
ŲµĹﱧŻߵߣ޵ĻϣڵӰӳճɫ
ǫᵽطһǡУĶбȻˣ
ǫջߣ˵ѵɽһˣǲһֱߣʵȥһ¡
ǣʦ֡˵꣺ʦʲôԸʱҡ
ǫ˵ͷۿžŸʦʦ˳ȥӰһҲʧԭء
ῴӸ뿪˽ߣȥˮһɫشȴûȥĵط
̫ܵŲƾ֮٣Ҫ뷽ǫֿŵûС
´ŵƽָⶼؿС
ȥɾ̲ˡ
һĵУ̧ͷöһ϶Ӱ
ǫϻ˻ξƺЦûδı̬ȥȾ벻ǰȥһ³˵磿
ΰȥ
ǫһ´ǿӦϲͺá
ļΰв

лǴӰɫò˻ǵһһЦա
Ǳϻģܾ˷ǫġ롱Ϊ˼СĴڣһܵһڻصա
һֱܰ˶ס׺ȺŮǰʧȥЧµСϺܿʺĴӡԭķҲŪҡ
СܵܳÿСͯһһϵĵһż῵Сޢɫָ׳ĵոӰ𪡣ٳ㣬ֵ¶Σ
أС߳ŭֻһͬͭЦ
ɱˣôǫͱ῵Ŀɱˡ
ϧܣԷǫӰڻߡһˣΧ徻ĵطЩֻԶԶţ׽Ϸ·𿿽¡
ʵǫҲûа취ܵĻԶһ㡣κζԷ֤ȮõĶ࣬еײֵġ
Դϻ£Ҳʵ֮٣Ϊ˿Ϸ
ǫŤͷŽ棬ϵЦѹȥֱ⿴Ѿը˳һţŻӻù뿪ֻһƵĻ
⻨ԼаϲȻǹڷµˣŷǫʱҲ̲סȾ˺ɫߴӵΪơ
ǫס˻֣֪Ķй𻨣
һ£ĶĹ𻨣
ǫǺϵõ廨޷ֱƮ䵽ϣҲڵĻ
ڴһЦǹڻժģһܿΣӻ￴ʺÿõ֣𻨿ɲ֣û˵紺Ϳġ
ǫл߬ЦؿĶֵĶࣿ
شй̨࣬һƬ𻨣ǻտĵطҲһƬĹ𻨡
ǫͳһƬҶӸлԳȥˡ
һ㶣˵ҡ
ĻڷǫĿ⵱б˻ȥ뿪
뿪ֻ᷿ʣ·ǫͼˣںƵƮţŽˮԼԼڻйĸ
ǫ㿴ڽܾСôԶʲôĲζ
ŤͷԸˮҲԸ⿴ǰɶˣ⽭ˮεͷΣ
ôţһŴŴ׸͵ߡ
ɴСˣһͻըһըܣ͵ĻᶼȻʵ˻ҩ͸Ϊ׼ǻҲס
ǫֳ°ڼǰŶԷ¶ȵıְѸôѽСڣŴ׸òóԣȴԼ˵ǲɵ
ʱ̻ţһ˲佫ˮȾɺɫ
˼䳣ľɫԲļῴδлȥ͹
ԭ㲻ƭҵģſȴԾ˿еĸ㣬̻Ҳ̻ͻǰ˵ϣ·ʱⶼ
άװͰ͵ıһ죬Щ᲻еζֻʱԼĵʲô
ĺܶУ߹ܶطֿ˺ܶ˼ķɫȴҲûιеһĨ


14 ֽ
ǫżںƮһʱ´Ĺ׷ܳͱǲͻǫȫżȥˣСܵ»ѽ㲻Ҫӣ
ľһСǵǰ档ֻˮƯľˣ̤ʵʱȴֲʵС
ǫЦǰСŬŤֱߣһֻ˵СѼӣеɰ
ֲԶżʦܡʦйУ⿴ǫǸԲСʦ˷ܵĻ˻֣滹һǺ«ʦ֣
Ƚ϶Ե˺ֻܶ࣬Ŀһ˹˵ʦ֡
˵ſڴʦߵļΰԭЦһȴּΪƵĿ˼һۡ
һֱɾʵԵܣЩŴ硢ΪֹһѧҲȷʵѧ˼ַǣӵ˲ٵĸߡ
˵سɾֻҪܹ׷ңǰǰҲԸԳһܹڷǫĴ񣬶˵Ļᡣ
ȻʵϣûжٻŷǫšΪµСʱʱ̴̿ڷǫߡ
һѣе츳Ǹ֣ƾʲôܵôʦ࿴
ĵĿһֱŷǫȴ˿ûбżῡ
῿ĿеĶ⣬ͬƵĵ˻ȥ
ǫǰŷûиعͷͿһһСʦͬһ໥ŶԷ
ʲô
ĲǫĿ⣬һԼ῵ȴҵŷǫֳյܵǫǰʦ֣ȥĶҿԴȥ
û£ԼȥɣҾߡ
ûҹбȰﻹҪԷǫ˵ǹȥĶʮִ꣬Ķʮжδľ
Էǫھֻ뵽ߣѡȻ飬ôǶνˣǲңҲԸˡ
һ£漴˵Ŀתɷǫ֮ûкκתͷߡ
ļС˼ѲСѣǫۿǸСʦóڹذ̵ͬĸ˼ΰܷĵһ˶ͬķ
ҲɸҲʧȥ˼йĶɴ෵齵ĵط
˵ġҡǫ׷ŷңһ·ˡС糵ƺҲȫ˴Ĵڣֲò¡
һתͷͺͼῡ߸档
ǫ˳˵Ŀ⿴ԼбŵСɫ˿ҵؽЩСΏһʦģȥ档
˵˳ְ¼῵ͷ˷Ӧǰ뿪
ʦֹȻϸᰡŷǫıӰ
Цһ᣿ֻ¶˰ˡ
ˣΏǽЩСȫŽ˴Сܷǫǲ֮٣Ҳƽһյ͸
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ڵصװ̰űⶪڵϵĸͷ·õıƵġ
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Ŭͷļῴֵ߳ʲôùģõʱӦϡ
ǫȫ֪Լ͵ĶԲ˶ݣվڽֽϹŵĺ£ĵؿԼտҲ˫֣ʵһء
硢硣ûȷǫ¶ʱ½ͻȻק¡
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һ𻨵ݵǫǰ͸ġ
ǫһ£ʶչܲûǸ˵Ϣ
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Ǹа֣ǫ˵ܸܲңͻĶʲôӣ
˵Ҫ׽Բأܸ㡣С˸ıԶˡ
СȻûκ⣬ֻһͨĺӡǫ˿ǻĹ𻨣˲Ӧڳ⣬ҲֻһͨĻ
ԼϣǸ̬Լµսѣֶġ
ǫתϹ𻨣Ƴãմһ֬ζһ۳̻Ľֵ
Ȼص磬ԭϤһжİûû·洦֣ûֻϷ
ֻʵķ
£СعŶԷָȴڴʱٷֿĹ˾ǲҿԷ
ѽѧָͯǺ«ڳݲĽ衣
ǫֹһλִıȴɷϵֳ־뽣߳ĶƵ̫ţٵ뿪̤˼䣬ʵһֱǰġ
Ҷ˸һ
Ҫܹ庣̣ԸΪ˶ִ

῱ǫӴʱۿϴԵĺȦŸտʼô˯ߣ֡
߻ħǫճһ࣬СൽḬ̇ڵϡ㶼ˣѿһٲ˯Ҳôߡ
СʱĽӺλã
أӲԼߣ֮ȷԼǰߵļῶϣޱҧŰӡ
ȥ̨¡ڸ⿪ӣҰ̹ȻԼıǮͨڰζҲǾѡǫһڣ۾΢΢
ǡ̧ͷǫı飬һʵ֮˲üɿڸ𣿡
ǫԵÿģƽ϶ش䣺޵ֻģ̫ࡣ
һЩĪĲ²⣬ȴֺܿĨȥôܻ
ʲôǫӣǰСֿʼʳָߵ棺ߡ
ĬĬط¿ӣҪȥĶ
ϴȥ˻ȥʶһ»ǫЦСΪһУֱ߳š
ոչȻˣʳյĲ³ļš
ݱȻľǻûй͵İٻ˲ڡ
Ƕɾ˵ûʲôطȥ˵ģҪҲû˭סĻûп˽С
ӲǲʧǣŮӷǫ
ûκˣϢȴ˷ǫĲϡ
ءǫɺЦڹ£׺ʢĹ𻨣Ҳһ֦ضϵĹ𻨣Ϊǹƾ֤
ǹһҲشǷһķҰɫƤ͵ǰСŵһƤۺܺóԵӡ
⻰Ͳ̫ˣԱҸһЩǫ˵ΪҪ˼῵֣ǿжԱɫǹ￴
ɾ̫ţʳ¶һƤȷʵҪȵļϸ壬Ա֮°׵ø״һ
ΰ
ڿȴƫ˱Ƶϣ֪òü˵Ĺ


15 
ڽֵ£һ󴺷µһͷ
ǫǰһã֪ԼҪɶĹЦʵһ¹Ժӿһˣ
ףǲ𣿡˵Žͷϳն˫ĿŷǫѪᡣ
ǫ۾˵Ϲò
ﺬߴӵŤŤָڷǫļϣ
֮ǰܲȰϵѪһǫżԼˡ
ƿǰ·вһһϣԺС
СҪȥĶѽŽ治𣿡δȴԶͷڼǰ棬ǸѪĴЦģɺͷ῵ա
ͷûԴͱֱӰְסŮͷķǫЦеȰ˵ŻСˣŵ˻ݲݾͲˡ
ŵСΰ
ôҰҵͷȻŭˣźɫԹܷͣȴ
ŮмĵУƾԹΪҪλԼҼ֮ϣȻУһŭ֮·ǫ־Ͱסˡ
ǫüͷһ˳żԾУͬʱЩһϸܵĻ޷𣬻ɲıУǫͼῡ
ǫżΰֱӰγ룬һƿĹ𻨻꣬漴ִſڵϵĹ
һЦԴһаȴη壬ƾʧڷǫǰ
ɱҵġƮƮķ·޴ڣ͸͵ץס˷ǫĽףͼ֮УȴעҪƬ֮¡
лѡǫһЦѹûµŮֱӺὣɨƬл޵һùոϵĻ궼߰˰ˣΨһϵĹδ䡣
ҪŮ쳣̶ȴס뽣ơ
ɾˡŮԹδһˮϵڹǰס˽⡣
˽ϣ̵ĻۡŮһӰԱ͸һЩ
һλŵ۵Ůʿߵߣû˼˿
漴Ůʿߵǫǰһлɾ顣
Լģ顣ǫ벽ûܴ񣬷ʵ
ӯӯһЦ˵ǣҪлɾɾٳһ
ǫŽ̾˿ϳԹ֮⣬к֮޷ȻСΪ
ҡҡͷɫºȴȻԼļ֣ҲǿˣɱΪһձ㻤һգٺҲ˽ᡣ
ǫûȰֱת˻⣬Ӵȡǽع𻨣𻨿ģ
һ£ֽӹ֦ϸ鿴һҡҡͷġ·ǫţֲһ䣺йҶϵá
ǫü׷һ䣺ǹмһˣ
ҡͷδǲţɾв鿴
˶Ի䣬һֱڹ۲λɫһУԷֱԷûжҲ˵š
ǰڵϵʱݡ޵Ŀⶢŷǫĺ󱳣ոɱˣˣֻǹ˼λûٶˡ
ǲ῵ߣ͵תͷЦһ£ʺɫֱѿ۽ǵλã˵Ĺء
ġнŹֻԼº󻼡
ǫȻҲһ֮ʣֻʶһɨȷΪ棬ƬгһһκϢ֮
ȡͼϵĵˣǱȴ޶ǫüͷһ壺ˡ
Ϊϵ֬㷽ǫߣȴЩСȥ̨£ȴһߡ
лǫЩСӣżֱӸ뿪
ǫԶڵϲĹǰε֣ˡ
Сһ㽫Լ˸棬
СƢЦһŮֱϲڵĻҡ˵˶ٴΣ»زˣԴҪòЩ
Ů
ǡǣģǹõĴƢغţ˿ûԼᵽȥˡ
һʱԭЩĹ𻨣ŵؿӯ԰

̨Ϊʢʢοڶࡣ
˵ÿնصʩ࣬Ҳ˵õ˵ذյ
ſʯʨˮ̨ߵĹͷСʦվſڣÿ͹һ䰢ӷٷһ㣬ȿɰ·ܻӻԼĹϹȻһһġллʩ
ǫż῵ǰʱպÿһĻٵͷһ۵С̲ס̾㿴˼ңٿ㡣
ظǫӣǷǫƿĿ⡣߰ɣȥ
ῴͷβû˵ֻǵСнݸʱ򣬻һ׵ı顣С죬㱻ſޡ
ǫûԼ۸˼޵Ḷ́ڽ̨º󣬾ͽעѰĵϡ
ȻûСʲôûУǼŵӣǱ˵Ĺ˶Ҳټ
ǿ˺ɽһƬ֣Ӧ紺ľûа仨
ѵһҴ˵ط
ܣϵʱ⽻ļ˵̨²̽û⣬ҲӦϵԼ̨һ⡣
ǫٿߵļʱЩԥˣ׷֪ΣջСδЩ˵
ɽǲǸ˵
ǫΪ޵ڼ῿ĿŵûвȭͷЩɬƣʲô
ʱ̹һЩȨı֮ǫѾ޳ɽ𵤣ֱӳ˿ܻѡãһ˹ȥ߳Լʺľ·ˡ
ǫۿСƨıԽԽһĪ͵͵Լ¸ɽôҪ̳һ
߰ɣȥɽǫ̾˿ûͼɽĴ㣬ܿʹвɽ
һ£žٲȥԼǲˣȴô˿ڣɫѵ¶˰յı顣
Ӳų֮ĿһƬ񺣣Բʯ̳ɵС·һֱͨɽж꣬ҲҲĵ㡣Ȼǰ汦ǰ¾׵˴ֳ
ǫżһ·ߵ־ͷС˴Ȼֹ
λʩǰǱµĽأֳֹᵶɮվںɽڣǫһ
ǫ·ЦЦʵ˵һƬֿɹͣĽСʦͨһ¡
ɮɵüЦݴȱɲ·й֣δţںɽǽأʩ
ҪӲҪȥأǫɲ˵ţȴĻˡ


16 
ɮûлشĬĬᵶ˹̧ۿǫʱŭĿ֮ࡣ
ǫֽ῰ԼûаνȴǴ˽ķ
λʩɣסǴӹдģȴ·ڶ߰š
ɮû˿ͣ٣ᵶ࿪벽˫Ŀַֻڷǫͼ߽ʱתͷǵıӰϴŻĵǺͳ
ǰֲͬʱĹԵû࣬ûһ仨ʢĵطǫȴŵĻ㡣
ǫû߶ãͼµɮˡڹⱦׯϵɮ˲ͬɮֻһʺģ¶ӨƤ⡣
üĴһ֬죬۾·ҲĨ˴Ƭĺɫԭò׺ұаȡȻ𻨵֣ȴһ֦ʢĹ𻨣ŷǫ΢΢һЦƶɮɾ
ǫ˲ǹϵ֬ǴĶմģվôԶľ룬ŵԷϵ֬ζңܷҵʦܡʦǻ
Сɮδܹɵĵӣ̸֣ɮ죬ȴǸӡСɮɾ̸һʽףɾܴŵ뿪ٹܴ˼¶СɮԸͽɵĵҳ
ǫЩڽῴǰɮ˼ҲΪǳŸƿøӱ;ˣϲΪǻһˣĶ
Ȼ׽ԲأܲòԼģɾԼҿɮ̾˿ƺЩϧӰͬһգʧ
ǫԭûжں뿪ֶ΢ı仯ʱѾʧˡ
ոΪʲô׷ȥֱǫ׷ĻɮѡΨһ׷ǡԼ
һó󷨣׷ȥʲôǫЩͷ۵ĿеĽǹ˼ܻеĵˣܻѡֱӳֱֽӻƬ֡
ῳĬһ£ʦ֣𻨿ˡ
ոջǿ֦Ĺ̼һشصĹ𻨣󻨰׷¡
е˴ŶԹִǫ̧ժ¼ͷմĹ𻨣߰ɡ
ǫĶ̫ȻڼΏûзӦǹѾ˵ϡῲԾһ¸ոձǫķᣬûиоѾûˡ
ͣƬ̷׷ȥһ·ǫ½ǣȴֿƵ˻
ǰ˷һĲŵȴƫƫǲĸһδ𣬾ڵǡֻ֪̰һٵȴһһεĲС
ҧ촽ĬظڷǫֱгѪҲûɿ
̨ºɽԭ󣬵Ƭȴ·ûоͷۿĺɫǫ˻ƬֵС
ǫߵ£ϤĽ̾˿ֱƲסԼҪ֡
жͼ῱ʮ׵Ĺȥ¾ϡ
ǫһվ֮ľ̫һֱȥȴٴס졣
ôǫЦڶ˵ŻĿȴܡ
þƶ˷ǫûа취Ͽ뿪Ҳܻ᲻֪ػص棬˲Ϸҳ·϶ûΣȥǸǻߵĹ֣һ۾ͿԿͷ
ϻܿԶĺɫ
Ϸ߿ܺ뿪ƬĹ֣ǷǫĿĿɲ뿪
Ŀ⿴˹ԿһªéݣΪڻþڵԵʣǫ̽鲻éĶ
ǫͷŵСĬĬӡǫüģ˦ϱץá漴żһ㣬Ծéݡ
ʶס˷ǫĲӣϺůҲеĻ㡣
һ̲סһ±ӣȴմøǹ㣬ɫһ˵˿ʧ
ǫڼʱ͸оˣ̲ס²ӣɫԲ²̶пǶˡ
Ȼֱܷ淽λǫéǰҲŽȥῷ֮󣬴Ӵͳϣ԰ɣоŰͯһ
ΰʲôʱҲģ
Ծιķǫſӵļ߽éݡ
éȻڻþıԵ߽éݷһ̣ʢĹٴβӰ
éݲֻһײ̵ϯӣǸԲСʦñ廨ڲϯϣ滹һײǫַ쳣һ˫۾ɵԲģų
ǫǰ벽ǵŮܲ׵⣬һʱЩְѻޱӵļǰһšøɻˡ
Įһڰӣ˿ֱͣק˶ԷеĲ˳øɾĵط˲֡
ԲСʦؿŷǫعʦ֣ȥʦǣ
ǫ̾˿ָҲûдֻһϵѾʧˣҪ˵
ԲСʦ˿̨֮ʦ־뵽ֿĺ˵ǽزڡʦֺ˳ͻߴ߳˹֡һɮͻȻ֣ȫӽ˹СǿһˡȻҾʧȥʶʱͱˡ
˵ʱѾ⿪ȫӣСﶯ˶۵µƣǸɮ˵Լ̫ΪУԼҵˡֻҪ뿪ʦǾȻҲܻȥˡ
ҹ˵Ҫ׽ԲأΪңץǵʣ뿪ǫվڴڣֻǲףһֱǷֿжǸеĹ׾٣Ϊγٳٲ֣ҪȵǵƬС
Ҳ뿪ط
ɾСɮղһλСͰæһ͸ÿˣǹϷÿֻдԳ¶ҲƬУҺִ̨ɵԼ
ǫվԭأĿȴ⣬һӰӰʵͲСû͵ʹˣ
Ǿֻ֮ûԵ֡ﻹЦ⣺οⷲк˿ɾֻҪɾ֣ǹƱػᵽС
ǫ֪϶а취ǸСûȤ˵˵ľǰһ̬
˵˼СɮһΣ뿪֮ʲôС
ǫֱӰνָࣺˣҶǳȤֻɹ˵ô죿


17 ծ
ʲôЦһЦȻ㱻ΪɵһĵһˣҲʲôɵġҶҲ̸ƻ
ǫЦ˵ʵһֱΪʲôɵƻûЧµĽҲʧȥ˸Ӧ
ǫ˵ü΢һ£뵽˻䵱Уȴ΢΢һ£ҳ֮ʦҲϵңΪҽ˴С
ĹʢΪõıǹǸõĹΪʲôʢأֻǻ𣿡ǫʱʵУĽֱӴһ֦𻨣Ҫ֦ҲᵽϤ
һ㶣ʶյ󡣶ǫͬʱָ⼯֦𻨡
֦ڵ̼䳤˸ͦĹϻ֦ұˣҪ븮õĹһģһϹ𻨶ֺ
Ҫͱڲϡ
ҪҶȻ˺ǫֽһЦĿתе鱦ԳɷԲһǵһμ
һۣ̬ɢһ̯֣УҴ򲻹㡣ˣ롣
ʦ֣ԽȥԲСʦôżվԣѾ֣תͷŷǫһģ
ߡǫת˼ºϵѨⲽ߽С
ºԭӲ̬һգָЦŹֵķ򣬿һ˲֦
ڹ⣬ֳᵶɮߵ£ŻĿЩ漴תࣺ࣬ʦҪ㡣
ɲԽġЦ߶꣬ͷһĹƵߵɮ󣺡߰ɣСʦֶ
һµ¥ݣ߹ŵյǸӦˣǵյ޻ȼƹİĵô˵ع쳣
ԲСԳǼʦ㣬ںϺ󣬵¥ʵɭ̲סЩ£ֻܲͣ˵գʦ֣ոΪʲôҪŹǸɮѽ
еķ⣬ϧˡǫһ٣︹Ҳ֪ʲôӲ˱̬Ѫأȴûһ˿֤δɱɱˡ
м䣬Сȶȴ·磬κο־壺Ǹ֡
ǫεؿһһɱǣϵɱأﲻ
û᷽ǫĻӿ˲Ŭ
ۿ¥ݾͷǫеľͻȻ졣Ȼ
¥ݾͷ߳ͨǫ˼û뿪ֵֻ˳ûߣ㽫˳ȥŽֱ֮ͨ
ǾֵԵʣǫûȵʦ֣
ʦǣԲС۾һ˿־壬ֻſˡ
һȵСͱ˵ǸǫͷһۣٴӽգۼԴͷ
ֻͨһһһңĵ˾ͱӵУ׷ְӵ˽ԴŬһڴؿŷǫ
ôɵġ
ǫεϵŵСӰ˳
ǫ㷢⼸ӽŲ鸡üͷһִ̧ĵܿ̽ȥֻʱӡ˿
ʦ쿴ԲСﾪһָʱ¥ݺȻһº޷϶ǽ
ǫŴ߶룬ڴ˼֮ڣ˲С
̧ǽ棬ĵȴ¥뿪ȴǽʵĵģһûд͸ռ䶼һ¡
Ϊ˱һСƻ鱦Щʦܡʦһѹ棬ǫջ߰ɣķ򡣡
ĵԿٷֿѰңҾôһͷҲûţʦ֣Һûˡ
ǫһ¾ڵķλߵһǽǰûղֱӹǽַǽϸӦһǽں󷽵Ŀռ䣬΢΢ǽڴһ
ǼŵӼ˿ǰͬеĴС¶һҡ
İĵƹ£ǲŵΣһ㶯
ĸ׼ӶȥͱǫӺ˻һã
ǫһǸ˳ˡ
֪ǫ˳ԭļĬĬ̧ͷһۣǫƺ޲Խ˴Ӷ˽ȥ治̫Ծߵһ¡
ǫһжһͷͷּҲ˹ƶŸźĿĺԴ
̫ŵ˶ôõ𣿷ǫѾϰ˴ƿûٽȥಽظԼ
ǫܿߵαߣڶڴ߷εûκλ˵ȴ΢ĺìֹ졣
ڷǫԥĵߵԶصĽŲ洫˳
ǫ˳ּΰһԾ뿪ԭĵطֻһɫƤġˡȻ֣ȭͷպԭվĵط
αڡǫüֻʮࡰˡη˳ҲнڵΪǿȳֵǸӽΪġˡҲֻα𵤶ѡ
ǫ׼صһ߾ĵľʦ֣
תͷ㿴ոڳĶڿٵϣŵΨһܶԲСһ϶Լ佣˹ʦ֣㽣
ǫ˳ֽ˦󣬷סҪصĳһֱ˹ˡ۾ǡˡûʹһ㣬Ȼǰˡ
ȻЩˡϿǫ޷ȷ϶ԷǷѾĳˡԥ֮һתصͬʱڶԷ۽һۡ
ͬʱЩˡҲȫⷽǫιռ̫С޷ʩչȫһʱЩ׽⣬Ҳ޷ȥ鿴Щˡľ
ˣǵѪǺɫģЩԼոչԸ˹ΪΪ˱ٸǫ鷳ԶԾرĲӣĿ⿴򽣼ϵĺѪ
ǫ̾˿ٶܣֱնһˡĲ齣ȴ˽ʯһӲǫϣնǡˡŲӾֱȥ
һɫԹӡˡƮ˳ֺܿɢ˿С
῱ŷǫĲӣۿ֮ЩɫƤĹ׷׵£ûһܵסһ֮
һףɾ
˴ѩҲڼ˺󳹵ʧδһ㣬ҪΪˡ
ҲҪֹֽΪ˸ҲΪػػЩҪˣ
ǫսʱǸԲСʦõĵƷ齣ֱӶϳ롣
ǫŶϽЩüģܿߵǽ洦Ķһǽש£¶ĵһ˫۾ʦ֣ҵˣ㣬ʦ־Ǳߣǰѿ󣡡
ĵкǽܿ¶ɹͨеĶڡ
ԲСһQ˹ʺһ´ʦûˣͼǫһʯԼУ
ϳǿʯһԼļΰ


18 Ȼ
ЩڶһԭԼȻǿд߹ﵽеΪƳûʶĿܡΪڵһʱ鿴ЩƤʬȴԽüͷԽ˵ӣ
ǫͬջشЩƤˡϵ֣ɫҲЩѿǸ˳ٳû뿪ݵԵɣҪʵֲŷʵ顣
ʦ㿴Ҷʦģһʦһһη˳
еӵ䣬ǫӵпŵֳ̾ЩõԤС
ǫԼ¸ߵϣĵ˼˷׷Ч¡߰ɡ
˷ǫ˵ƻһηľͷֱӳһţûңֱӱƿ
һԹһͨĳ·ǫܹӦ˲Ѿٽˡ
ȻˣôҲǽڣƷ齣ҲסԷȫſôʱȻֳ齣֮
ǷǫıڱϸܵѺʱǫһſгȵζ
ԭǰ棬ʱͻȻͣļûɲסֱײϡȲأǫȴҡһ¡
ʶץס˷ǫָȴϵ¶͸ǣôˣ
ǫЩСǵľţǿȵѪֱȥ漴ָ˳û£߿㡣
˵겻ٵʱ䣬ӿ˲
Сߵľǫ˺Լľ룬һȴû˵ʲôһ·ܵظŶԷ
ʵ֤ǫǺӦԹܸ֪λãȴԽԽԶơ
·֮󣬷ǫɴ˰ͰѰҷʽһ·ǽֱһһλá

ΪӵߣڷǫʱѾӦ뿪ģȴƽ
ֻҪȫһѽͻ᳹׶ϳأʱ򽣵ҲƱػˣҲҪټˡ
ʱ򡭡һҪλµɵһɹȫڳʲôӵġ
ʵôˣЩ̫ŵĵݵĵһ𣬾ʱ޿̵زôڴš
ôŹ˺ὣ뽣ϵѺۣڴʱ뽣âʢһֱӻ˹˵ģʹɿеĽ
ڴͬʱĳϤɢþò
һ·ըǽԵʣԭİմ˲ٻҳмǱȷѡ
ǫһ̧־ͻصУѾѺ۵齣ٴη죬ȲսȴǫεУһ⣬ҵСʦĶȥˣ
˶ŷǫĿ°ܵĻ޲ھͰ˵Ƥ⣺ʵҲһֱ㣬ҵСɰҵСɰô
һûиŷǫŵߣ仰ʱʶס½ǡֻվں汻ɺӱĸоֻԼΪʲôûгΪʲôٿһ㳤
ǫԵ˿û˵ѣҶʦӦѾ˳ȥٿԷĿͬڿһˣʲôҪ𣿡
ŭţȴ¶˲ЭĹһЦ֪ǷǫĶ֣鹥һУŷǫ֮ٴζС
ֻǷǫѾһΣôܷǰߵڶΡֱӽ˴Ӻץ˳ͬʱһƿԷĽ𵤡
Ź˵ļܵĺҲɢ漴زϷǫϵľҲɹ΢Ц漴ץס˷ǫץˡ
ǫŷΪ̽ԷϵĽʵֻǴ̽˺С
ʦСģĵһ˲öؾҪܳæ
ǫȵıֻάһ˲ָֻЦݣǹֱ˾ֵı飺㡢ʲôΪʲô߲ˡ
ͷǫȷˣֻĹѣȻǹȻƽķʽһԭҲǳŶԷĽȥġ
˵ͷÿԹλòŵľ롣ɫҰܲνһγɢ˿ʲôʱֵģ
һ֮󡣡ǫ뽣ڹ˲ϣȻ󷨼ʹúʧҲһۼҲͬĴҲ᷸Ρ
ʱЦȻܴҪɱ𣿡
ǫûϵɱ⣬ƾݺţǧٻҲϧǸڴ֮ǰȸ˭ָʹġ
ûָʹҰֻǾɱܺ棬û׼˳һһˡ˺Цһ򣺡ǸһҪٵĸˣٱ硭˵Բѽʦ
һµĺվڹսǵӰ˫ֺʮһӷ𡣡
ǫ䱸ؿźüͷոûиоκ˵ϢͻȻֵһ
ʩؾţСɮ˵ġ࿴Ź˵ı볾޲죺Сɮֻһ˽ᡣ
һ£ŵؿźࣺ㲻Ұ𣿡
ȲˣҪĲһˡɫ࣬һƺҲһɮ˵ڶԻһʧȥһеˣȤȴֱȻţǵĽֻҹʱѾˣֻǷµ
˵ϥֳ˾ġɫΧںΧһֺܿ챻ķȻ
ǫп˼ǰηпƤˣѹЩ˵ԹôɢȥǶռһ
Թʧķⶼ࣬ۿΧĺȻ޴󣬺վٴκʮ˫ֵһӰֱʧԭء
ĵ˵ɴ۾Եؿźʧķ򣺡ʦ
ѣķˣĲɷˡһȴаǲ֪ԸһҲҪȵ˵˭
˼ǫ֮ʣ˫ϥϢУȻҪǫδջ߾ֱӲ˵ĵڣ˶ԭء
ǫջؾ룺š
ǣʦ֡ĵ׼ǰͻȻ˵һ£ʦҿɲԵһ⡣
ǫһ£Ѿ˵ﵹûʲôȫģǲ֪Сʲô⻹
ϾִôõСǰ㵥ǫַ˹ܼƶ˵Ҹһʱ䡣
ǫ˵ĵ뿪ԭأʵΪ߶ԶֻҪ˵ĶԻҲӦ֪һ㡣
ͷһ۶վڹǰļΰղûнԼʶչ
ȷǫԶ󣬼ῲߵǰһǰȥ򣬽ּң
һ£ǰСͷһشʲôô
ɫ䣺Ҫʲôô
Ҹ㣬ҡ
ɫ䣬ƺһ²Ӧá
㸽ڼῴչһЦҵȻȥϵѪ𡣡


19 
һǿԼһ۾ڲסɱ⣺֪֪˭ΪʲôҪɱּҵˡ
Цţżհ˵֪⿪ϵҾ͸㣬Сʦܹƽ
߬һȭͷǱԻ㣬忪˹˵˵
С档˴ЦȻﱻȴδһС޿Ϊ˱Ҳ޷һӣ˵ӦòĪǸӾ㣿Ҫǽȥһ취޸ҵĵ
˵ȥץȴȻŻһѪһţô£
㡣῱ĮոȻؿȴҲһֱȡ˹˵
ȻµԼݣû취ڡָ˳תǫ뿪ķ
ɷǣ׽˴ѣ䣬Ĩġ
ǰ΢ῶУ῵ĽŲ˶٣ȴûлͷ
ǫ͵һתڣŽĿϢŲʱ۾ĵˡ
Ļ⣬һӵļ򣺡ߣȥ˴
ˣɱˡĿؿƺ̽ûԼ͹˵ĶԻ˵˶١ȴǫһ£ɫ٣Ӧòû͵
üʦ֣ȥһ¡
ˣˣûʲôÿġ߰ɣɫˣҲûȥˡǫ˵ŴһǷ˳ְһ¼῵ԴСܲ˯Զߡ
⻰һῲ˿ſ߬ȭͷȻճ䳤ߣ޷ϵģԭֱʱų׵ط
ΪѾˣǫ˺ܿҵ˳ڡ
ܵϡһ޼ʵĿҰǺ¹ΧΨһĹԴǱһùҹдĹƮ㡣
ʲôطСһãܣô
ǿùڼȫ߳ܵ𽥱͸ʧڿСŹʧԵøΪտι֮ڲ˼ƻ
ǫɴۣѡһȥ
ԼҶԥһ£ʦƾǻ㱨һԼߵ򵥽һ¼ʼĩصǿһ¸ֹỹҶʧһ¡
һ㲻ٹܣΪʦԻָ͢˵ƾǻһЩã˵СʦѾѽ
ǫһ˵ΪҶʧһ´Ӱñ죬һ·ź͹ٸԣѾԼȥˣ
¶ҲΪʦʦǽŵģһæ˸˵ƾԾ֧һ٣͵תæµϣؾǰˣֻʣ²ĸµʱ䣬ȱȥ򣬾š
˵겻ȷǫظϵ
ǫû취ֱ淽ĿҰ˳˼С
շǫڵڶ峿ǿһׯλ֪̫źԶһС۵ٶҲҪղܸϵ
ǫҶʧ֮ΪβԼϣֱӻš˵һţܻ֮ᱻ͵κεط
῱ǫ˯һҹʱ⣬ֻص̿ĳ̶ȱ֡
ƯСϣĵɫ󡢽ë˳ȡô۾ֹʱ򣬲ˣɰġ
ǫ˲ָ󣬿ָоͲ
Ѱ˼ʱͻȻ۾˹ʦ֡
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ȴûע⵽ǫĶֻվһؾһ񣺡Խѧ
ǫһ£ߵǰ˵žպķ򡣽һ飬ǰꡢǧ£˵ѻΪ档
̧ͷŷǫѵõ֣أˡ
£һһĿԣǫ˼е棬˻˼Ľ
ǫһʶ˵ͷعʱŷԼѾԾӦ
Ӵ˵ػŻкܳһξ룬Ҳţ̽СʱҲδɡ
ȻҪ޽ȵнǫֻһѾ滹ƣͯѧľΪѡ
֪ǫҪľŵӵµĵȡʮľĿЩɬĿŷǫʦ֣ⶼҵأá
ǫװε̵ľʲôصģ˳һѣŷڽ·ŲԵС֡룺
Ҳû뵽Լгһõһղصľư룬Žһе
ǫһԭǴĨĿֵġϾ˼ղصģ㬵شһͷ
ǫΪ̫ŵĴʦ֣ԭָŵӵִָֻ˵ʮҵˮƽеϡˡ˫Žļΰһʱ侹Щ֪Ӻν
﷭ľڼǰֻҪЩľȫնξͿˡ
ԭڴǫڽеļɫЩʧǹɵߵľǰȫľ˿δ῱ۡ
ϵľ嶼ǴʱʣµĲϣֻбһƬ̶̳ȴͬСɡ
ǫһԵϿСһ𾪼ãı飬̲סЦɲУýɲֹ
ڼ߳ŭǰӺ󷽵ֱסΰס˼῵֣еĽնľӦѡ
㶵վԭأȫǵýƣȫ¶ռݡôǵһ˱˱ȻӵҲȷʵеһů
ӴѽǫɿСʱſԷ͸˵Ķ䣬ûסצ˼¡ûջκεֻֿջ˼῵ŭĿӡ
ǫЦеطſ֣˾ͼ
һһľݺݵһƶûг֡ҧ촽ʮ£ľ⻬Ϧ
ǫۿСľһͨҿ֮ܵԱˣգգ۾Щã˵õ츳ԶʤԼأ
һΡǫֽ̧뱧Сնȥ
һŭؿԼݵشʦְֵ֣ؽ̵żΰǰȴͬѹ
ʦôġԲСʦһյؿŴʦ֣޲ýԼѧĽȫǣ¯ʦ½һء
̾˿ջĿ⣺ˣ߰ɣŴʦˡ
ԲСʦõĻӮ˵ͬҼĻصԼķ䣬ĵĴʦڼῳɹԼһľ󣬱㿿硣
̧ͷһۣСһ£Ծط˶


20 չ
ڵĺɫʱص̫ţʱŽһ̴ľ壬齣ʱĴµĽһ˿Ѻۡ
ῲɫһľתʱȴ˿»ľ壬һȫʬģ
ǫڽ֮󣬱ҴһصȥŻ㱨ԶصһۼΰҲûҪľش㡣
˶Զ´ľֲ΢΢ɿһսʪӡЩյڲ˲֮ؽջص˴С
ǫһʱֿϤĳ
һװҶرƾǵȲ֣ǫش˸кֱˣʦȰһȰʦҪ˫޴䣡
ǫĬƬ̣ɵؿƾǣϲʦ𣿡

ǫѵһɷʦЦ̬СʦҪ˽
Ǻڡ¡
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ѹʦͬˣŮһĺӣӲҪ޸һλ˭᲻λǣ
˼ǫĿ⿴˹æһ񣺡СԼԳ
ԼǸ˵˵СӣǫһĿԼ˶Ķ磬Ȼһѧʡ
ʦ֪ҵҹñҾڵȴһùУɣò˳ȴڱһ·˽Ҷ˵ɬصͷȫոקƾǴʱĺš
ֱӳˣǻԶǧҶ廰еϢе󣬷ǫεˡ
û۵£ǧ棬ѹֲɲ񡭡ȡǺ·гУ⵽зƻء
ˣ֪ܣ
Ϊ˱ƾóڵΪһСİĲҾ緢ǫʱĽƾǵע˹ʦ𡣡
ƾǹȻԼıͽע⣬ȴɫЩڲ԰ףüͷһ嵱̽뷽ǫڣȻĽϷһƣǫһ˿ʲô£
ƾ֮̽ʣǫҶʹһɫҶ⣬Գܳ˾ǫȡݽƾǡ
ƾǿѺɫһ䣬һ˲ɾջסץץνԼıЦ
ǫֱ⻰ǰﲻ̫ԣǹԹӦǣʦ𡣡
ƾǵ˷ǫһۣ㶼֪۵𣿡
ͱһǵȻ۵ģǻܵķǫʵûнӻ
ƾǳ̾ӵУЩСһһСģŸղ𵤾͸Ū齣Ϊʦ޺ãȥúñչأεؾΪʦǰȥӣؾǰ콫޸ãͲҪˡ
ƾĳĽ꣬ǫò̤ʱһƬǺ財
ǫ¹صؾʱһ˲仹ΪԼߴ˵طªéѾӰȡ֮һΡĹڣ¥鿣ֻ÷겻Ļѩԭģ
ʦ֣ڻˣ½½ֵ͵õϢһô𣿡
⡭ǫ̧ͷһۿͷĽȺôΰĽʲôģΨһľһסоЩûš
½סһҪ˼֮½ˣôʦֺúϢɣ
ǫıӰɪѭ ʵ㲻ߣʵκνΪûд͸ϴԵֻźض˽ȥ
һ¡ǻĶԣĶǿͷĶǿ˯ĵط
·˰ʱ󣬷ǫޱĴӿտĽȺ˳һԾ÷Ŀߡ
ʵĻϯҲͦõģѾϰˣ
½ֵܹȻһ˹˳㻹һŵĿͺһ󷨡ƾΪ˸޸ѾչˣҲűչأĶſڵģ𵤳޸뿪
ǫҲû뵽ʦôѡλãȻ˿ȥ
ǫʦܴݵĿʵ˵ܾĻοѺ۲޸պȷʵл֪ˡ
ͷһۻûסһεĻĪֿ˵ĸоһһ¶δˡ
ȥĶȥһ˲ǲظˡǫ˵ֱʧǰ
̫ŵĲֽвΪãȡΪ֮⣬顣һһ׽ģԼ޵Ľ꣬㵽ʱȴƴ绯ꡣ
⼸չ۲׽ʺϼΰĽһǰִ֡ľʱǫûָ㵽ǰҲƴѰпܵķʽ
ĽñʽʺĽࡷǾɾͨƪûһУȴƫƫʤС
ڼҪѧʱһʱ뵽ıǡࡷ
ͼῺŵʱ;һһ׹ŵһ͸ˣῼȻѡ޽ôࡷʡ
ʱҹʱῴһӰһ뻽ˣͼ˱һơ
Ǹתͷ»պϣϵյĽᣬü۷·𶼴Цģǹⶼÿ
Ǵʦ֡Լ죬ʧǵĻصԼУȻ˷ܵһҹû˯ţ
ͬһҹδߵļ뿪ǫĶҺһô˯ߡ˳ų۾ʱһ˲İպ飬ʶһΧź֪ķӦԼѾϣʦҲܳڷС
ῴԼûвʧӴ漴㿴˴ߵϰһࡷס
һЬûдһ÷·ԼġȻ彣ϵּʱոյ˷˲䱻Ϩˡ
῿ǫŵĶķԷǫּϤ⽣˶дԲǳڷǫֱʡ
ǿŲķ˽ףȻͿҳֻĽͼԱע⣬ɷּͶķϿּһģһ
ڿٷ󣬼῿һСúóԷ˯Сĳߡ
͵غҳСͨؿŴ⡣
ǲһǱֳ¼ģȻȻⱾϵעʵࡣ
СһȻתͷѣ˽粻ʦֻò
Ų᳤ߣ
ֻôӦû͵ʲôźأ
ǫһͷĶ֮ſʼڣһⶴеƶˡ֪ôӦȻزؾ嶥ʰһ´齱ȣҲֻš
ô˳ֽżͷȴ滹һ顭
ⲻǱǰڿǱɡôҲһˣ
ʱڶɽ𵤽٣ȷʵûϸ̽ܡǫһ£Ӵȡһַҳ
ôչ޷ȥʱ˿Դʱ⣬ôŷǫ۽üҶ


21 
³˼һƬݺ裬ؾϻǰѩ
ǫɢĶ߳ѩ̡
ѾǱɡȷ˵ǡɡĵһ ͬڵһֻԼصݣ֧֣һĿ顣 
һ˽βʱպĻʮһ꣬ѾȡԼΪһסСˡΪ˴һ·Ѫϴ̫šȻΪɣҲʵ
һҹѪȾţӣһЩųС⣬һ
ôأǫֶ飬ã֮С
ܸıδıԼ֮ĳ޾ȴԭԴĳޡ
ΪѾʵ̫ȥġ
ҪһҲûдߵ˭뼾֮ĳ޴Ӻζ𣬷ǫҪԴͷ޴֡
ǫĶڿһ£·ȴûһ·
ǡǸˡҲῡǲصܱܿɵ۾
ɡһβƾȼԼΪǰؾһĵؾжһ١
м῵һνؾȴǡˡ˺ѿռ׷յ䵽Ѱħе£˵Ź֮ţȴ˵֮·
ǵһ·̤ŵĶʬѪǷǫ̫ҲǽѪɫеһ
ȻɣҪҵһӸҪȵʮ꣬ʲôֵʱʹ
ҲֻҪڼʮһ꣬ǸҲ
ؾ
ǫƵ̫ţļҡʵûʲôþģ

µʱ䣬ࡷǵģǫдµעⶼһһذûĵطȫȴʦֹ⡣
ĻֻȡϣһҲֽʦ֡
ʵһֱ˵һԲΪӡһֱĴⰲڶԷϣԷ⣬һҶĿ㿴Էᡣ
ȻΪһQ㣬ʦһֱûг֡
῾ľճն̡ãߵԺͿϤӰ
һ˲䣬ΏΪԼһΡʹ۾Ÿȷǰȷʵˡ
ʦ֡ܵǫǰæҵŴһʱ䲻֪ȡĸ
ǫǰСһ˲ӪߡɣС˵ʲôϵжϴˡǴģûа򿪵·ɡ
¸ҪȥؾԸͬУǫɬ˵ţ῾ܾ
῵۾ȴˣԶ׼ĽźڴҵΪ𣿡
ȥ
һӦ룡
áǫӵеʶ߬һ
ǫٴط𰸺׼뿪Ÿһתͱקס䡣
῾ᵽóԼ׼õһϺõĺɼľɵķϸµص˼亮÷ɫӶʽɡ
ǫһ۾ͺϲԽϲɫԽ䣬ָⶼؾϵıѩһ
ῼþûнҲûлش𣬱ֱϲŴʦ֣ôϲô۵
Щֵ̿ҪջôʱϵӾ䵽˷ǫУº͵㽣ôˣ
ɫһ죬żľͷæࡷҲȡ˳мĵط
ãһÿճʱʣһµʱ䡭ǫһ٣ְ¼῵ͷһ̻㣬ѧĶ
ܿģŷǫһ䣬Ϳ·ǷܶǮСӣͻȻ¶Цģ
еǣĳȻСһ㣬ӰúÿЦʱѩһЦ
ǫҲЦˣֻЦЩɬѵû÷ʽǣ˼῵֣߽éݣ߰ɣ쿪ʼϵһΡ
ˮͰʱԺϤʱ۳輾Ǳǰѽ
̾˿׼ʱһһ򵥵ıǴʦַǫ
۾һǿƲס̡ϲʦǽףɴʦ̵´ûбõˡ
ο㰢ῲ˵ҲܸоλԺ󣬰ʵѾʦˣ෴ҹܹʦһ档
ЦŽոƿһ϶ľţº˻ȥ
еʵԶཽһأôľˡ

ῺͷǫԼ˳ʱŸîʱŽ棬Ȼһֱȵſٵĳˡ
ǫһֻն죬ӭϼ῵ĿʱŲ΢ͷһЦ˺ܾˣ
῱Žش𣺡áʱѡ
ˣǫЦŻ˻ն죬ַԺʯϣ˺óԵġ
῱һػش𣺡ûС
ǫһҲ֪ǲദľˣԼѾɵشӼûʲôСϿ
տɲǹٵģǰȥ׼һ½ġμȻѵʱԤЧȴѣȳԷһ㿴ġ
ῶŷǫ˼ۣĬĬһ׼õıٹȵʯǰۿŷǫӴȡһһƣſһʱЩΡ
ֱ˲ڿεģ͵ʳġ
ǶԷǫкЩڴòʱʶӿٶȣȷǫ˽һʱͷ˿ӣһؿŷǫԷ
ˡǫƤٺҲЩΣ˻ξƺӴȡʯ񣬵ʯҪ͸ļʯͷֽʯͷԺӵĲͬ䡣վȥ
ῲǰʯм䡣ֻһģһġǫͻȻԼǰֳ齣һ׽С
漴սһһĽոյĽȫ⿪ʾ῿ʾеġǫֽߵ˼ῶ棬ǰ
ǫһ㶵Сžƺ˸ҹĥ󷨳ϰҹģοѧѧμɸΪȽ3Dģʽ
ǿԱÿ׽дͷβ˺ü飺ȫλĹ۲䣬֮Զһ׽Уôϲ𣿡
һͿԽ˫֡˫ۣ۲켾῵ĶǷ׼
῿ǰġˡãˡ̫ˣִȴʲôЩգգ۾Сؿ˰죬ſһߵķǫҵ𣿡
ܾ⻰е죬벻Ķķǫãص˵ͷġ
лл˵ͳľոոաǫĽжǫҲԱͬ趯
ǫۼ´зֺ˳ԪĶ塣
ǫ۾һ漴ƺ˼ھƣȴ˷ٺȲͱڱչصʱûˣ̫ƣȶ˽Ҳһġ
´׽ڻ֮ͨʶͷʯǰˣתͷַǫѷ׹С
һս˹ǫϵѩķϣӴóһ׸ɾĵӷϣȴᵽϤ÷㡣
Ƿǫ˯÷һҹմϵĴѩζ÷㣬ϵĶ̫һ
һ£ָ΢΢յ˷ǫСŵʦ֣¶ʮգȥɽ
ǫԺضƤҲԵЩ壺ȥѽɺóˣϧֻԵڡ
῵ͷ˯ˣ֮еģûʲôɾϲģȴԾһһعճһĨЦݡ


22 
ǫʱɣһԱűһʱ䷢ˣһ·СŽݣܱߴΰʦˣ
һǫͼῴ߳һʳаǰĲһһĶ˳
ӡŹǡĿһһڷǫǰҪǵỹ˺С
ǫֻܾʶ
ⶼǰܵģһһʱеôʦѵҲ˵Ϊпģֻ
῿һŵĻʦ֣
˯һ󣬽žӭٵķǫɵؾӣ»رȥˣӦרΪҲ
Ӧļ죬ҲΪɣǣʦ֣»Լ
һͱǫõĿһԴ֮˼ɿʳʲô
ͷ۾Ц⣺Ǵʦ㲻˵ġ
㣬ңõĲѧѧʲôǫһۣһҧ˼ᡣ
˵ĺó˶ˣ֪ǳļҾ¥ģ
һ£ǫѵʱһʱ䣬ÿճʱڼԺУۿżῳ׽ࡷڻͨ
Ϊ˷ֹῡɥ־׼ÿղͣʽͶιС̲ⷬ䷹СԲ˲٣ȴǳĸ߶ˡ
ǫվ¿Сǵֻһһܴߵޡ
³һգҲؾǰա̫ƾǳأ´ľ뻹ǫ
ؾֻڵĽ𵤳ʿ룬ڴ˼Ÿµʱ䡣Էǫٶһνؾһƾζϣǫ
֪ԼֻһεķǫЦЦûӦ
ƾûע⵽Լͽֵı飬ȡһǫѡɽؾ㿴ûҪ޸ĵģ
ǫۣȡһ֡ῡ
ƾһֱƷǫʣЩɻʵλӣ
Ҷɽ𵤽ʱʦɽ´֮һǫ±ʽƾǡ
ƾһ£òԼջӣһ£ǲꣿ
ӦѾ˰ɡǫ̫ȷ˵ţһתѡ
ؾĵߣпûΪô͵ĵӣ
⺢ȷʵлҪ츳ŰʱѾˡ
Ǿôˡǫƾǻûĥףһ˵ŵĨͰ뿪
һ£ƾûסǫЩؿʲôʱ˵Զˣ
ԥһ£վûнֻȥ
ˣСͽѵһҪ󣬲ǶһӶѣûʲô˵ġ
ǫƾﵢһʱ䣬ʱһ㣬յͿС
ǫһһְסһԴɽڲ̿ΣҴȥУٻ
С۾һͻȻҪ飬͵ҡҡͷСУһýء
ǫһ£ۼʶŶԽصִȼʱ㡣
ŽƳţۿʹʦֽ뿪ο̾˿
ʱ伾῵ı仯һֱУԭδЦģԴӴʦֳֺ῵ÿһ춼ĺܿġ
ͺ谵ͻȻһҲʻһˡ
̫ⲻʮĵطһΪˮǵĵطȡ֪ˮѹǺӡ
ɽڣϸ֡
ǫͼῳЩѾ˸ɫʵƣ
ŵӼ縺еճҲ߶ɰ죬Ժܶ˶ʶϵĵӷŵӶẬЦк
ɾǴСʦʲô𣿿ҵǡԲĴץֽǾ῵ĻĿ⻹ǫҪǮġ
ǾллˡǫһֽƤӽУȥǱǱ߿
ǫûӷȴ·һ˺״ϵɼģһ·֪˶ٹҵﲨ
Ὸڷǫһ·ﱻ˹Ϲзš
ǫͷСһı飬̲סЩЦƳһߵӣŲһʧڼǰ
վԭһ£죬ȴǱһڱѩ븹һ·䵽˹档
Щԭ㲻ϳصĶʱͻȻǧ˵ģȴʶս˻
ǸʱԱˣһµĺദü˷ǫǷ
̰ﺬŵһһֱ᲻ʣ͵غȥŻȻζʵǿġ
Ϳϰˣһβ֪Ϊʲôȴе㺦¡
ǫ߻Ƽãվԭأı鿴˺ѲۡͻȻЩڣڲõ뿪һ¡
ͲгɣȴѾû·ֻнڼ῵Ϣܱܿɵ̽顣
ؾһ޷ģ۶̫ŻǶڼ῱ֻܱܿһѡ
־ͷǰմţΧŰ˫ǣŻѵȼš
޵Ļܿ콫ɣǻЦף˫ᡣ
վȺļΏǽСϸǰĻ⣬ڻȼ֮ǰһͻȻͷǰ
ͷͬŰźߵˣ¶ĴϹճԵĻȣȻбһ̬ޡ
ǫЦųû¼῵ĥ֣ȥġ
ĥԢżϲ֣ϣƽ˳죬жԲ
ֱֻޣؿŻ⣺ԭĿġ

ҹǫʹżסڳ¥УϦԵʣҹǳ
ǫžƺϣԶ˼ҵ̻챻ȾѤĹ⡣
ῴʱ򣬲һƬ»ͱر˳ֵס죬ԼԱߡ
ǫɻطϣžƺָϵǣǰȥһطɽڳ˰˫֮⻹ҪݿǣǾǱǵеĵһǣ³Ҳǿǵգҵ򡣡
˳ָķ˹ȥҲ͵߿ǣҲܸҵ𣿡
ǫһ£ջֱ˿ھƲż˵ԣֻҪ롣ҪҪ
´סǫݹƣͷһڣ־ǶҩҲһȥĺֻǹһ֮ûһյĹ򣬾ͺֱ¹
ǫְסòʡµСεҡҡͷֽӡԼüĳһɫĻѹڡ
ʱ׷ٵ῵λãԸ֪ԷҲת˿ڣΣ
ԷǫҲС㵹˻ȥǿƵغƣҾ֪ӽ׼û¡
˵ʱм̻ڿӳ˵˫Ŀ棬ɲǼ˫۾Ҳ¶ȡ


23 
³, ؾ֮ա
̫, ļҲ۴˵ء
ۼˣǫΪ̫һεվλ
ֱ߲Զվһ̬ư꣬һһѽ, Լһǰ벽кͷǫ֮⡣
ǻҵĴңة, ̫׾˾ˡΪҲǽ𵤳, ͱʦһࡣ½վڷǫ󷽣˹С߶š
⼸պ½ӴҵıͣæؽŲմأڵ׽һ´ʦ֣ûҲҪһ˵ڽֻʦˣߣԾ, ˶ʦг, ڳѷؾ, ǵôһ٣
ʿͶĿοǽڵ, ½һ, ةĿ˹
½վԱüԼֳһ, ½һةߡ
ǫһ, ΢˰벽ס֮, ͬʱةƽλϡνһ׾ûʲôȤ, Ҳ˽
ǫ˰벽ةջͱ˵Ŀ⣬ҡȡ
½ܵҲҷֻĬĬؿҲ֡
ǫο½һۣԽ󷽣òȺĩβҵ˼ῡ
һͱʦ˹ȥˣòѾϲȥŽӼΰֻܵһؾˡ
һƾΪ׵ļ˷ɵУ˫ֽӡһ֮ųڵǰ
пԿһߵɽة֮һϲǰƾתͷǳ棬
ةɫһϣһջ׼ĲӡǷǫӦºӰһӺһСһ־̤ڡ
֮ة˲½ͨɽؾ
ؾϹʱɵأͼλȴ
ǫһؾֱ뿪ʱûȫе֮һҪڵһˡ¼ԼĻõĻʱҲҵҪҪһҵѰħ
̤һ̣ǫɴཫ῱ⱻ͵ͬĵطʶס˷ǫĲӣʱ˶µģɵɵؿŷǫĲ
Ҳ֪Ϊո߹ռ϶ΪǫͻȻ׽Ķ
˳ֵĵطһ徻Ľֵϣдĳʪưܵʯ·϶г̦
ѾŨۿɼĵزܶΧŵɫɵı־ڵЩʡ
ǷǫûеĵطῷǣС־ͷߡ̫ˣû취жϳķλ
Ὼǣŷǫ֣촽һ𣬲֪ǲĴƺ쳣ػá
ƽʱڴʱͦģǿ롣ȴ෴ƶЩҲȿֺꡣ
ֱ˵ĸоֱٲά衣滹Ƿƽ˾ģŬŸƽʱһĲʦκ鷳
ǫԼŵСͻȻụ̀ŲῲԾתͷͿһֻպġϺ
û죿֪ܶ˵𣿡ǫץס῵ļһģܵǱһһȦȦĲơ
ǫֱϥڵϣڹڵƤȫ˳󣬲˳ֽ˼ֵͷ
ɫĳǽط˽ʱ䣬ΰȴǷϡ
ŴʱʱԽֻǴ濴ŵľǫ̧ͷųŶϿ˳˼
ؾʮ꿪һΣڵͼѾϸĻƳϸµÿһпֵܻ޻ΨطûлƳһѰħһǹ߱Ҳͨġ
δڵͼеĳУֻпܳһطǾǹ
ݺļƺɼҾҲаճ򡣹жǵķ򣬺ڳ׳ΪճǺ򵱵ִγɵ
ĳûȷķλȴͨѰħΨһڡԭΪԼҺܾãȴû뵽һ͵ط
ǫһʱҲЩζӳ£ųųЩԥ򵽵жҲû뿪˭Ҳûа취֤ǻڹ֮СҲעʡȥѰҵʱ䡣
ǡ
קקǫ°ڣȻдʦֻЩײеٷˣһֱάʵ״ȱ
ǫͷ˼һֽ̧ۣῷŵΪƣתС
һ£֪ʦΪʲôġ֮ڼϿɽͣ±ֱͦȴˡ
ſڷǫıϣھܽԼͬʱתڵҪǿ
ǫûע⵽ԭ¾£ڼߣתϢڡ
ˮǲСʮ߷שߣϡ統꣬·ʱʷһ
ǫһձ￴˿õձûȺ⿴žǸտһһǸձһͳ˷ɻҡ
ۿɫʱʲô쳣ȴѱҹﲻֵĶǫ̧ƿͷһջšջľûкձһһͷɻ𣬻ܡع
ջ￴ܸɾûжٻҳ
ǫһ¥һָ᷿ɴཫ˳ϣסЩ
ò޸ãŵľ룬΢طһȴӵĳס
Ϣǫԭ뽫ῷڴϣǿǵﶼǰϹŶ֪ʵֽ˷˵ϡ
ۿǫ׼Ӵ뿪ʶһʦ֡
ǫ̫ŵسŴͷһЦԣ£Ụġ
¾뽣Ľһֱ𣿡
߶Ǳ߲ԾصһĨЦСŴգ㲻̫ʱ衣
Цֻ¶һ£ܿ˻ȥϥڵϱֱͦشǫƿǵҲûбպϹһֱĳҹˡ
ǫʵû߶ԶھջԶ¥ϣպÿݹ۵С
ֹеĳã۾Ҳûκ״˯˹
ǫ˸Ƿʮɵ˯ϰ߲һܹıģ̫ʱҲδ԰ʱˣɴб¥ϱĿϾ¡
ֱǳʱǫ͵۾Զ
ڴ֮ǰʶΧڳ˼֮ûκε󣬵ʱǳط·˹
ԭֻ¹â磬ڽʱͻȻ˼ҵĵƻ𡣲һǫк׶
ǫջһۣӰһǰԭĴŹȻ˿Ϸرպ
ǫһ³ţź޷Ӧ֮еǱط
ջ῱Ųѡϵľ벢ûжϳΣգҲû赲ˡ
йˮ׼ɨͷСӭŵСһֱӴˮ
ɷǫӴǰˮ̧ڵķǫճĬطʪ͸˵ڡ

лƷʯӶӵ۾ĶĶöԲƹЦ֡
ǫʯһ٣һ¥ӦòϷ
ƹЦݲִŵ֣λ͹˵ЦˣϷһҹһƷʯ
Ʒʯһ൱ڰٿƷΪֹֻӵƷʯķǫڶݵؾԼٴһˡ
õɾˣϽʯ󣬷ǫż뿪˿ջ

յѾȫֵͬﲻϹؾ϶Ϊɾвڵʿ
仯ĲֹƾճֵˣлҲ˳ࡣȻǻ꣬ǻԹŶӸһ˳ʱ䡣
һ˻˵ִɣҵִҵĳڡִγܸᷢأŻԵΣִ˺пܻΣС
ǫżΏһȦҲûпĸǡ
ŵһĸտʼҲʲôǫԱߵӣȥ衣
῿ŷǫڴĬĬ˵ͷ
רʿӯĲȣͨսԿʳ÷ʳͿջһĲȶס
ǫԤŵ˼ûֵ㣬ʳƸΰԼƽĸ㡣
῰뽫ݵȴǫס֣Ȼִڼõ챦һټ򵥵ʳģһкô
Լʮû׼ͻƣȻĵʳãֻҪĵһΪųǡ
ΪʲôôãſӣĿִŵؿŷǫ
ǫй𻨱Ķһ٣Ƽٵ˵Ϊ˺㣬úóԷɡ
ƺûнǫĻϣǫȴʧȥ˼ʳȤﵽϰǰϰ壬ʲôĵط߽ʲô𣿡
͹ǴģСطûʲôľ˵˲࣬ݵ˶һСϰʣһûһ˵š
һǷ̶ָǳǵˮ˵˽һӡ棬򡣡
ǫü˵ܾʶĶǻһأ
һйأǾڣ˵õ죬ĽꡣΪ˼ݹ䣬⽫춨ΪڣҲΪ򡣡
Сϰڷ̣һصĸ߷ǫÿһգ϶½꣬ҲʢĽˣ˵͹ɣպڡ
ǫĬһ£ǳϿҵرʾ˵ǹӷˣλѾˡ
⻰ɲҽСϰ嵱ɫǫżһ˳ȥ
ǫżߣʲô𣿡
ῳ˼Ƭ˵˵ˣҽǱ֮Ӧϵ
ԣʵصϰԽʡʯǫϼã΢΢һЦոոǳʱǮ
ΰȻĿѾıˣǲò˵ʦֵĳЩƷİû䡣
̶ңڳĽ˵̶ˮһСӣʯдŷ̶̶֡ˮźһͷ
öһСܱȥǫ̽һ̶ˮһ˿Ҳޣͨˮˣô㶼ܴ˵һȥӦҲࣿ
ʲô
ǫͷʵļΰһ¶ദĹ£ൽһ˵ϹʱһˮͳһλдȻھ߽һΪţžˣܳˡ
üֱȻǺαظϣʧһʼͲ
ǫͣһ£Ծɿ˼῵֣ƺ˵˵ûȥһ߿
ʦ£ͷ£Լ׾һֱѯʡ½ǣĲɵظڷǫ
ôģ
ţĿⲻԾƮ˲Զ䵽ˮϵķѼϣûпѼҲԣ
ˮ̶˵СӣҲġأԴͷǳɽȪˮڷǫͼڳ˳ǣֻڱϿһǿһźɫμɵˡ
ٽ⣬ܰղ࣬ԵǸ˸ͻأǲ˷ǫĿ⣬˻ͷ˹ü¡ĿƴˮһɫӶﻬʯ䣬ֳԽԱ
էһúǻ߹ؼǫһǼΰСøÿ
ôʱⲽߵǫȷǫҪһЩһΪǳüĴһɫƣڱ˵ǲˡƼԣ˲Ծغòϵĳɫ
ǫһϯ¿ͬ绪ǰҲѷɫɫ΢΢˵ȷʵղŵأǰڴ˵ء
ڼˡ˴˷ǫĻ񣺡˵ǲˣϧˡ
ǫһֱ˵ִأҪʱǰѾʧȥӰ
ǫվˮ߳˼Ƭ̣ΪԶԶԼƾֵĹؼܻеĹˡ
ڷ̶߼ʲôˡ
¸¸£ǫˮһѼӽʶͷͼ῱һֻ˶ѼӣϣѼӾƴˮΣһʱ˭Ҳûκι˭
˴˵ı鶼һ׵ƣԹ۵ĽǶȿΪƾС
ǫЦᣬ˰޶Ѽǰ׼קذϣȴҲһŲȽˮס
ոϣˮоǲܳκġ
ǫ룬̧ȽῺѼһק˻ŵߣһ
˵꽫ֱȡ·ʣˮС
ʪرѼӣ㶵ؿŷǫʧķոմʦݵɢˮеīɫ
ʦÿŵͷͻеѼԣͬʱ¶׺ݵı顣

̶ȴаˮˮһӦȫȴκ
ۿҪˣǫ˼ʱ˳ˮǱ̶ס
̶ˮ޷ʹʿ뷲졣ǫƾΪͦôãȴûа취һֱ档
ʶֳһ£ȴһֵ࣬ǫһĵ˲²⡣
ǫγ룬һն̶ס
´ѼӴŵϣѾ׼ϻˣҲûǫЩǵ׿ˮ̶ȴԭƽˮͻȻӿ޴ĲΡ
üͷһ岻ٸɵȥԥؿһ۴ʦְڰߵ׼սʱͼǫˮ˳ﻹһһһĽɫӡ
͸ˮ˳գһ·˳ǹ¿ĵط
ͻʲôɫڻ֮ĴʣֻͻȻЩۣ̲ס۾
ǫߵϾȲظԼһ漴漴ſ򰶱״ҵķѼʲô
ԼܺõĿѼ۾ؿǫ쳣ɣҶˣʦֶ
һ󣬷ǫڰۿż῱߷Ѽӣˢ֭һǸһζƮ˳ŻЩϤʱ＾ʱʱТĿơ
´Ѽӵĳ˺ݸǫʦֳ
ǫĬؽӹһ£ζȻдһ˿۵𣬵Ƿǫȴɬ
һʼʹˣԭҰѵ̣ѾͳȥʲôǷؼ񣬲Ͳԥᡣ

ǫԭڵ֮ǰҵ촩źɫˣյУ̶ˮ߻жûҵӰӡ
ȥһλ̤ƵŭĿա
ǽϿйڹӵĴ˵ڻ󲿷ֵĹΪվʧ棬ԿЩΨһֵλӳǰǻˣϲһСߡ
ǫ봢ٿ˿ڻϲλաϣƴСߣͻȻԼܲ´˵ĵǸС
֮͡ûκε쳣еʱǫԼ˻ڹС῵Ϊͻͽһ£̶̼վ͵Ĳ㡣
Ϲ֮رϾ棬ʵǫճԳ˯˯Ķһ˿ͻƵżֻǱǿѹȥ
ոʱ۾ȿһ۴ϻڳ˯ķǫϢ뿪˷䡣
С磬𴲡
еһСԺõţȻطȴľȤҪͨ˼ҵķӣҪʯ
һѣΪϲĴһˮ˹û˵ͱͻȻֵļ쳤첲ס졣
λҵķΪ㣬ΪˬʺÿͣΨһ̫ÿһ㡣Դӷǫż῰һչء
Լ˵ʿô࣬ȴûȷǫεС硣
Сˣ῵С֣ŵԼظһҪϲڵνʢˡ
Ѿˡǫϴ˸Ƿһ˫һƵ۾뿪ϣȻûȫѹ
С硣ɤӻһűﲻסЦ⣬ŷǫĿ⿴ʱˮ͵
ǫջǻзֱ˻ȥһˮصͷϣվԱߵСҲͷʲô
ۿŷǫȥ˳ĸϵˮͻȻԼվЩ࣬ίίؿ˷ǫһۣڣˮϰףⲻȥȥ
ǫЩٶ۵Ŷһνʢʲô
֪ذѽһԼʪ·ԭתȦȦô죬νֿ쿪ʼˣ»·
ǫתΣ̧һļ
ٺһ֣ûֱ̧˷ǫһ£մմϲʰ˿˵ŤŴ׳һһҡŤ˳ȥ
ǫɫתͷȴſ첲ڵ۾ڴؿŷǫʲô
ҲҪһ¡۾գҲգؿŷǫЩƸ𣿡
ǫͷһμС̵һҪĲ㶼ˡĶʲôԵģʵʲôҪܾοֻһ򵥵ӵɵᣬֱӽ῱
һͷڷǫϣʦֵӵͼһů
ǫżϣСѾȺдգϤף϶ͬϲ죬һڴĿŽͷ
ˡˣˣϲ֪˭ôһ䣬ֵ뼷ͬʱ˽ɫꡣ
Ȼ䲻ǫͷϣֱżΰֽסһˮɫˮĹ
ǫͷˮյǼ£üͷ΢漴չȻûȷǫϸܵ˾ƶмƶ˹ȥ
Զս˲Ծĸͬʱ˹ø̵ɵˣȴǲսףʸ׹
һս衣
ǫһǰ˵ļ򣺡ͼݣ׸費ڳ𣿡
Ȼӵĸ衣һɵؿ˷ǫһۣÿ궼ᳪѵû
ǫûлشʵⲻǸ質սµģ
ѽǵĻҲս⿪ͷľʱĳ˲ͷĻش꣬ͼԶһվһ˸̧ŵľ޴ٿն裬̤սĲȳս죬ǸҲģơ
쿴ǹӣ˵ٽԽԽĿĳ̶ȡ
̺Է˵ѵõǫҲû壬ˮֻܿʵӰǰȺĵλá
ʼնͷڷǫĻУûԼı顣
Ҳ֪ΪʲôϻƤֱڣӾһ·̽˷θ֮С
˶̺ˣɫҺ峹ڽʱȴֻһ޷ʸСܸоԼҪҲҧ
ǫۿʹյ޹ʱʼ俴һˣڵģ
˶վڡ䡱󣬶ǽԼУȴִǿҵĺޡ
ǫԾǰȻǹϵ˱ĺѪŽһ
ս˵ĵ䳹ͣܵİջڸոյ˷УͣҲûзӦǵġµøһЩ
ҲнΪɾʶԣͽˣһ˲ĽȻͣ
һ£ǫ֪һڵѾһΣֹĻͼҲɥ
˵ִ˸ָеĹȫɢͬʱ˷ǫͼ֮⣬ܵİǱһ㣬άžֵر鿴ǰһС
ЦЦؿŷǫڽб
ǫѹܿЩİգⲽ߽ߣһͷѩ̶ߵˣǽ
ʶ
ʶ̶ˣ޹䵽һݲ£Ӧþǹˡ
һ£漴볰Ц˵ûҾ˵б˷ӡ̶УƬصĽ
ǫûиĻȥ֤ԼĲ²⣬ֻӲͷƤ˵㲢ûбӡˮ̶Ҳ㡣
ʲôЦһ㣺ȻⲻһС͵͵ҵ˷¹ºУ˵ǲӦðԼĶȡ
˵ǲͷһһǧŻָΣȷʵ̫ãʣµʱ䲻ˣûпռԡ
ǫû˵ʱǵ겢û˷Ҳȷʵһ˱ӡ̶ס
ţӻȡ̶׵һֱŵģģ
һ˲ǿƾշɵУۿɼĲƳħףƭҡ
Ǹ˴ûз걻ӡһֱԼҲ²£Ǵˡǫδ˵ͱһƻɳȥʶס˼ΰֳŵػײվȡ
֪ԼЩἤŭƵط˵գʵͷβֻһʱ䣬ֹͷַҪѪϴ
ؾѾ˵ϹޣҲ֪˵ûǲá
῱ǫúõػûܰˡЩջջԼһֱ¸ʦ鷳ǳ۵һ
һۣȴԼѲǫֱۡǫû취ԼϣȴʶԼεعڻС
ʦ˵ԼҪԼҪ
ûע⵽񼤵ʱͣϵĽ۳һƽڽڡ
㡣ǫ̧˲ߵѪ˵˸ոû˵ĻЦñаʲôȥ֪ˣֻĽ𵤣ûжˡ
վԭأϻմŰݡ䡱ǸߵѪתͷǫ˫ĿȻͫ
һ̣ӹʧˡԭֹеٴλָǵľʹڵͬʱ˳
ǫٿնԾ̶
С磡Ӻ洫˹
ǫʶعͷպÿԷǵĿ⡣ǫǿԼתͷǹЩʵͲˡ
̶ߣǫϵʱպÿ̶ˮµ˳
ɫһЩ㶺ã񳤾һڹ֪һˣЩۡ
ߵǫǰһ΢΢ͷĿдżְ󣺡˵ңģ
Ҳ֪ǫɫҲһ˿̣ǿе˻˵Ӧñ
һ£ûʴ𰸣뿪ˡ
ͬʱԭʻĳڷǫͼǰɫЩֵϵİҲһ˲绯ʧʱǸĿճǣȻƽˡ
ٴ۾ʱȴԼӽǱˣҲ̫ԾԶ˶ͭ˹ȥڿԼȫò
һСߡ


24 
Լ˭, ֻǵһܺÿܺÿһֱչԼ, ԼһСߡǲǸ˵ɹ̫ÿƤʱϲϲһ䡣
Ǹ˻ĽԼȥƤȫ˵Լ֮ԼƳɷ¡
ǵκǰ, ΨһǵõֻˡΪӿԳܾãֱһ졭
Ϊһߣ, һȴر
´Լųһţֻ¶СԴ, ɪؿ⡣ΪǸ˲ֵʱ, Ǹ˳Ž˽
ڽǶǶʹѾ̫ǵ, Ǹ˵ĺ֧ͦ, պԶԶʹ
Ѿȫ, ĺ֮ڽʣһ, ĴڣҲδԼܶɹ١
ÿһ춼һ죬һֱΪֱ·Сʱ, Ǹ˼ս
Ǹ˴ͷβƭСΪʧҲΪ
͵۾˫Ҳɺɫ, ˫ֲԾǰˡ
顣
ǫڽħϵСȷ, еɺȥְ̧һ¼῵Դûˡ
һ̼ͻȻ˷ǫ, رס
֮, Щʻĸо糱ˮȥ, ·ֻһƪĹ£ļµĸоȴһֱ
ǫһ£ָֻ߬߬ļ῵ĺ󱳡û˵ʵ˫ģֻǴýɫͬˡ
ʦҺˡ῵ƵأӷǫʱѾ͸ˣԲ𡣡
ǫ΢΢ͷı飺ú𣿡
룬ʱĸо۾ֺһ˲ػش𣺡ޡ
Ǹúޣ޾Ͷˡǫζ˵һ䣬תתн𵤣ڹߵŶѾ򿪡нԸӦƬλãʱԻصط
ǫվߵſڣ˷Ҵð·ͷЦ֣߰ɣʦִ㿴ؾ
ؾܴҲһ硣
ɽҲޣҲ˹ż
ʱ䣬ϴһͷĸ߶ȣһµޱӢͦ꣬ΪǾ㡣
ûɲЦֻжϷǫĿʱŻһĴ̺ͷâʶ

ˡɫʱǫ˳ĸӦ˳ص⡣
῿ǰ澲ŵĳʱ¶һ˲飬ĹȻֻж̶̵ؼӣȴ·һ˵һһĵ׿µӰ̫أٴطϢĸо
ճʱǺޣһιʵȴη壬ʶקס˷ǫ䣺ʦΪʲôҪط
ǫعͷϰΪǣס῵֣һ˻һڣؾֻʣһʱ䣬Ҵȥ
Ǻ뿪ǰһʱ侲ֹĳһʱ̵СҲɿ񱩣ֻļѾԿԼյٶȣ񵱳ǰֽ޴롣
ʶֱߵֵֵ֪ľͷһԺӹʱⶰԺС
ҲĵطǸ˵ļңǸ˵Ϊɽ٣ô𣿡
Ҳ֪ô˵ֻƭġǫͷϦ飺ҲֻΪֻɽʧ˶ѡʵ۳ʲôûв𡣡
ִһ⣺ΪΪʲô
˲ÿһ仰˵ڵġǫֱͣ߻ǼϤջֻλһƵϰ壺Щû취Ҽ˵Ҳû˻šǽվϢɡ
룬⻰ȷʵ˼ֱ׵˵ڡԼĴûϵԼ׼һԸǰһ
ôżῴŶڴ߽˿ջС
һηǫûѡһ¥Ŀͷֱż¥ҪһƷʯһҹϷʲô
¥ֻϷжһСֻʱˣѾûӦ
Ϲʱڵľ򻯰ȫһǫΪ󷨺ڣڶ֮ͰƯװΡס䣬ס档
ʦֵһ¡סǫ֣޺ҪʯͲϣеĲֻ޸һģȻǡ
ǫһ£·һĹأлشС
һ¡ǫֻῼϲӸΰĲõãʡ㡭
ϰ뽻ϢҪҹٵȴȻԼʵû
ǫ˵꣬غ˷ţ¼һյؿŴ
ͷǫԴδֿؾʱʱ̶̿ΣΣڰǰͽˡ
δǫ˼ϣȻΪԼ޺˾󣬾
ϥڵϣǫչҲʧȥ޸Ȥ
ʱǫҲδڷУӴ˷ʶеƲѾӸֻСˡ
Ÿ첲ǺӣԺյĲ裬ȴȻԼ²ȥ֡
ʵؾرջнһµʱ䣬һϣ

̶Ƽžĺҹϸмֶ죬򡭡
ڹһ˳ڣ
һѰħǫüͷ΢壬ӰһԾԴͷͬʱƿ˴
ǫֵͷûгǽֻһ͸󷨲ơǫִ棬ɫЩɡ
ȻѰħڣȴǳڣ˾ûѡ񣬿һ˵ĺԽԽ
ոӦôϼΰǱʶʵôʹǸӽȥ
ʦ֡
ǫһ£ͷվԼϻ
ڣûѧȻһ·СŸģϢЩȣȥ𣿡
ǫ΢һ£漴ս˾˽ȥ߰ɣȥˡ
󷨲ƺĹ㳹ʧˣǫվһƬֵСĹգпӰ۳Ĺ棬ļһɢ˿
Щͨѣ˲ˡǫ˵ΰԾԴ

ةûǱѪ³׽͸ͫѾʼɢˡ
ÿһгڵģǸֻһͨѰħô˾Ѱħûлˡ
Ѿʵž޴ĸӣةԴ
ةʶ۾ԼһƯȴҪ촦³
ҲûȵǸţ
ǽڣĪǼٵİɡ
ةЩϤ۾Լ޵аԼǰ
ڳңة˸ۣɹԼ˹ȥ
ôô󣿷ǫε̾˿˱߰ɣҳڡ
῿۷ǫϱŵةǵˣǵʦֵĵ⡣
ʱļֻ˦δǰ·ʲôӡ


25 
Ҫ뿪Ѱħֻ취, һǻؾպ, һ֡һҵڣڲĵطܲҵȫ
ǫҪҵĴǳ·, Ѱħ˵ڼ֮صԨ֮µߡ
߲ңֻҪ֮, ܿǴ£δٽͱܸоѪȡ
ﲻïܵ, ĺɫеձȾһĨѪɫ, ɫĴزѿ
㺦𣿡ǫةŵһԿ, һ·ҲмǱ, ļȴĺܺ, ͷβûðճ
һҡҡͷ¡
߰ɡǫЦЦż´
һ˲ɻ󣬵ȴᶨƵظ˹ȥ, ľȻ֣ǵͦʺ׼Ƿġ
ôţĵشӴһԲС
ܵĻԸ, ǵõһף͡
ǫߵ±ͻȻ, סῡ
õһӵ
˫ĿȻ, ػȻûü, ȴȻһһ, Щãͷ, Ϸǫ˫ʦ֣Ϊʲô
ʱ㣬Ѫ⣬ҪͷѪѽǫż῵Ķ˵꣬γ̽ῺĵĽټʦܡ
ǫ˵ɿӵ῵һ£῱ȥ˫Ŀȴһֱŷǫã⵽۽΢졣
һ˲·ֻص˲ؾϣɢ֮ˣ۵ȴԶ׼Ķ⡣
ǲʵ
ɿ߬Ķظһ¶¡
Ԩܳ·ûоͷῴͷβûбϹ۾ûбһ̸ѵʱ
ɷǣ䡣ЦˣЦѪᡣ˵ûɷǣϸΪš
ûпı̴˿ڣһ⻺š
ϷǫޱĿ£ֱǸӵӰҲʱϥǳܲסͻȻϥɺѪ˳¡
ǸӻôСգ֮ʱ㿴ˡ
ǫڶ±߹ãֱ̫ڼڵһƻɰȡ
Žվǵߵةĵط뽫˱ģȴ־Щƣ
ǫ룬һһ鲻Ըطɵةǰ
ͷһĶ²ת뿪ȴûпڽϵ΢΢һָ
ͬʱ֮£ɫԹѹһԲڵϹȦȻмѿ
һŰµС˴Բ˳¶ؿһܣһĨЦٿͷǫΪơ
ԼԲĶӣͳһɫ񻨷ڵϣźС̧һָһѤõںڰը졣
С̧ͷգвʱѽظ̾˫ֳŵأŶȣƿҪжС
ʱһֻŴϲСɴؿšա΢ЦưûرȽŵס
̧ͷԼ׼˶յĬĬջߡϻ׵ϾѪۣȴûκѪ
ΧĺӰʱûع̰ƬΨһĻˡȴж˼ɰûֱֻΧǻŻ˺Ƭ
һӰܳûüͼȻתͷ۽ɺ
תͷʱֿС˶һãش˳¶һĨ΢Ц۾Ǵǹ⡣
ݴ񡭡̹ģ
߬ȭͷǿԼתͷһһǰ˹ȥ
ûͲ
ǰɢȥһƬĹأǺĹصС
İҰ
ԭߣĹȫ꣡

ǫһֱȵؾһŴѰħ뿪ڼة֮˵ܺõҵһͨͨ
ة뿪ǰ˵˼ĵһ仰ǲлġ
ǫ˼ԭûзةϣûת뿪
ةһ̤ʱͻȻٴλͷŷǫıӰ˵Ҳ˶ѡ
ǫһ£üͷ΢壬عͷʱȻةӰ
İ£ǫδߡ߱ѰħԼΪȻĶѰħ㣬δ徻
ֳֺõĻұҲֻһ˸ɹ
³ţؾ
ϵķǫȻ۾ѿһɫ϶ܿĺͼ⳹û
ǫӽչƣһڷ϶ױպǰ뿪ؾڱպǰڻͷһߵķ
ۿȴܸӦǸӵĴڣǫջԾؾ

̫⣬½ŵӴؾ߳
½ֵһ뿪ؾʱŲӿաǫʱ˿½һ·С˹קסǫֱۣʦڳˣŸ㶼Ķѽһֱ㣡
һֱ棬ĶҲûȥǫþָһĲɵĿȺĿ˱Ⱥ۰ͰͿԼšСĿĿԼתҪպϵؾڡ
鷳һ¡ǫֿȺߵǰ
ʦ֣ĶûôŵЩѾҪȫպϵؾʶ˹ȥȴǫŸ첲ס
ģʮԽȥ¡ǫ˵꿸ŷ뿪ؾƾǰʦ鲻ͽܣ
ƾһ£ոնߵʺӲ˻ȥͷ棬ȴһһãš
ǵӣ̫šӵƣͽǲǲɣֻΪʲôѡʱ䣿Ϊʦ
ǫƾ˵Ļ˳ֽƸԷʦҴչȥ̨ͽˡ
ƾæҵؽסСһ£úõȥ̨ʲô
ǫ΢΢һûлشһת뿪
㡭ƾüסˣ뿪ؾְûа취ֻۿŷǫ뿪̾һСͽһ⡣
ȥ̨һѡ񣬾̨̫ŵ϶ˣǫߵ̨ǰʱյƾǵĴ
ʦġǫЦһ£ŽУ̧ͷ˹ȥһ޽ڰѩĶ壬ֱ̲񷡣
ǫ߽û̿ǰߵɽǰǿɼǰӽնһɼľɼľϥ£ӴȡһСƿװż῵ͷѪ
ǫָ⽣Ϊ̵ľͷϿ̳˵֫ģȡǵͷѪľͷϣľͷ·ͻȻԺǻһ
ľͷڷǫ棬ŷǫһЦϡܿһ㼾῵Ӱӡ
ó󡭡ˣҲǷġ
ǫƿߣͬʱľͷ޴ӵȴһ泯ˤȥ
ȳҲ̫һ¡
ǫľͷ˻½ĥһߣȻСôܹˡ
ǫ˿ľͷһһ뿪̨ת޽ķ򣬾ٲȥ


26 
̨µ, ڳͷĲȵĵ, ħǫʱȻδħȴѾĽᣬ̨ͦʮʱ䡣
̨ϣǫվھ޽֮ǰ, һϮԷ·ʱ𻯶ȥ·Բ
һĿɹ̣
ǫĿƽɡ
ʳĿɸģ
ġ
ΪΣ
һηǫ΢ͣһ, ĿΪΪ, ΪԼ
ǫشȺλõȺ, ͣһ, ںĻǷġ
ܿǵٶ𣺡ʽΪΣ
ǫĿⲻԾƫо룬΢΢𣺡ҵĵ
ʡ

ʿлڣ
ǰ˸ⷽǫشĺܿ죬һһ𲻹һӶѡֱʱǫվԭسĬãֲԾսеĽ, ȴûлش
ֱƻۣǫһһֵ˵ڡ
, ޽׹, ƽ
ʮʿ
һηǫû̫ͣõʱ䣬̧ͷŲ, ëѩ׷̨޷ڵ, ѩֱӹķټ۽ü, Եͬѩ̵һ

ٴ۳ɫ, Ǿ޽ϵĵ˸, дļ˽ȥ
ǫԾ˰벽̧ȥѪվԭλá
ʮʿ
Сǫ˵
δɢȥĵ绡һδֱϣһǵѪۡ
ʮʿ
ǫİѾȾѪһ÷׺ϣЦЦŲһο˵źͲ

ǫǰ뿪̨̨̫õһΡ
̨Լɹ޷½½̨£͵
ǫʱպֵ½·һһ۵ŽУǫæ𽣿ӭȥʦ֡
½ǫǰʱԭ¶Ц˾㵣æץסǫĸ첲ʦĽ𵤡
ǽ˵𵤣ôͻȻ鵤֮ף
½ɫһ˵ʦȥʦһа취޲𵤣
ãһȥչؼɡǫ½ļİȻ𣬵ĿڵĽѾɢȥ
ȻûֱɣȻֲǡ
Ȼǫܾ˸½ȥƾǣƾǻյϢһʱϵ˲ؾ塣Χŷǫת˼ʮȦֱš
ǫƾתʮȦʱѾ˴ϣ°ίԹʦתˣͷΡ
ƾͣ˼ҲûƽָŷǫıӺǳ㻹˼˵ˣѾ̫Ĵʦˣôôûзִ磡
ǫһػش𣺡Ҿ̫ţʦ𣿡
һͱƾһԴƶ죬ԼС𣿡
ǫЦشչȥʦ϶һǧˣԱ֮ҲС𣿡
ƾ̾˿ǫԱߣӡɽ𵤺ת˺ܶ࣬СʱˣƤһǼΪ˵ŴӵΣȷʵѹֵ̫ˣҲ֪ûǲáΪʦ˵˵׷ʲôħǺǸйأ
ʦҳδġδ䡣ǫͷƾǵļϣһ̫õ飬Ҫһֲͳ
ƾǰһۣûƿǫͽжûô׽ˣһ⣬ΪʦҲܲ㣬ˡ
˵ŰˣȴһӸǫ
ǫӹһ涼Ǹɲݣ֮Լʦǲǰ̫Ŀ档
ҶʦõŸºֵ£ʵûȵϸºǸԼҵĳСӾ˵´䡣ƾǸɰͰ͵˵ţת˻⡣
ǫһ£ԼĴз˷һ͸ķ۵ؾеõġΪһǣһֻԸӦһֻ䣬Գ
ֻʽڷۣ͸ʦøոպã͸ʦõĺͷʦæҶʦôȥ
ãΪʦҲûȥˣȺúþƾ̾˿һ䣬ߵǰʱͻȻͣʮ겻ͻˣҲѽޣ۰
ΪʦҲۡ
ǫһ£ʶסЩɬ۾ȴЦݣǣʦ𡣡

󣬳
ϸܵϣҳ죬ͬʱ·ݵķ㡣
ʦûᵽһεѪʲôʱ򣿡УӽŲľϣһûһ졣
³˵ʦʦɾٳ
ɾ͡
ϢʮˣʮǰǸʲôѾͻ˽𵤣ֻǴӴ֮ûͻƹ˶˵ɽһסҲˣ
͵ӣͱߵһѰס
ôֻ·ǫһְֻס½ļһֻתŲ豭ĿƳһ˵ļˡʦͽܣ
Ҵһţһ·Ʈҡ¸ˣӦȥǸʲôѪʽ
½߷߲ƽʦ֣˵̫ˣ
ͱʦˡ½˷ǫһַһΪ嶯ǳˣ
½Լҵܵܣȴҵŷǫ淴ʦǶһˣʲôʱȥѽ
ʮһ꣬ƽ˾ĶȹˡڷǫΪѾʱԼɳСľͷͻȻϵ
Ϊ˵ǫֻ뿪ţСľһÿԽ˻̽һ¼῵ĳҡ
ûɽʱͱ½ҵֵܶ˸ţһ뿪š
һʱӲĸ࣬Сľ߹·һ·ûҵСľ˵ӰӡһСľ߹ĵطǻҲҪ̫ˡ
вһʱ䣬̫Žٴο
½һؽԼҪģȻȥ
ôֳ˵أҴʦֲߣҾԲߣⲻǿ쵽ʦֵ
ҲϲȥͲҪʦˡ
ɽһ꣬ճСܡ
ǫͷ̾˿ϰ԰˰䣬Ա
ͼݣ˵ǸѪ;ʦĶ
˵ĺӲͷתͷڿ巽ǫģʱȴԾطȣȻܾһ£ʦڡ
лǫ˹˻߰ɡ
ʦȥǸðͽܵˣҲǣң½Ļû˵ͱ½ְ˻ȥ
½޵ؿһ۲еͣ¡
½ƲƲû˵ظڷǫ߳ݡ
ǫߵſʱͻȻͣתͷһտã½ֵܣҸոƺʡǸʲô£Ķ


27 ط
Ƿǫϼ, , ȴδ˵طȻҲʱȥ̫Ѿǵˡ
ʱʯ·ϣȫȻİĽ־һʱЩãȻ
½ʵʦ, ҪǲȻ￴еӦû֪µλá
ȴֲ˼˵ķǫ, ľԥһ½Ӳص˵ͷѾнʮûлعˡ
ҲңȴҲʳ֮ҡ
ǫΪԼôû̫ܼǵ·, û뵽ԼһͿ˷ҵĴš
ܽûôݹ, 鿴Щɫ, ԭ߲ѪۣϻܿóеĻֺ롣
ҵۺִլۺ, 㱼·𿴵ϲɽװͷִ˳ⲽߵԼǰ, ŶͿʼ䡣
ǫһ۾ԺȴֲԾһŵ, վǰвȴֻǻ˻߰ɡ
ҵĴŴ˿ɨѵϲ˳, ֵؿſڵ飬漴Ŀⶨڷǫϡ
ǡү𣿡ϲĵ߹, ȴ˷ǫ·һ, ɪɪ˻ϻػʱһ, һ仯ûС
ǫʶסԷ, ȴ֪γƺԷǵԭߵС࣬תۼƲԹԭģԷʮ꣬׷Բԡ
ϲһʶֳ˳ү࣬Ӧýɾɾүʱһֱ߶㣬
šǫһηסϲûиѵĻ᣺ǽȥ
ڴʱǫĵͻȻһ£ƾǵ洫˳棬ؾ춯Ҫǰˡ
ǫüͷ΢֪ˣ̻
ǫ˵ڼϲȫ޴ؿŷǫĿ⳹װ
Ǹһǫ˵ɿ֣뵽ûֱ뿪Ӵзһ͸Ĵƿݸϲаٵĵҩһһһ
漴ۣߡ
½½ֵûκԥظڷǫֻʱʶͷһۡ
λϲվԭأ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ۵ķ򣬿ǻͷæ¶˾ִٵЦݣӲػ˻֡
ֱ˿½Сشյǫߣʦǡ
Сʱ顣ǫԾ˿ȴЩ£һ֪Ҫʲôʱټ
½ֵλϲ׷ԲԵģһʱҲЩȻظڷǫ
һߣϲɨѣ̾˿
ʦ˹𣿡˵һؿڴ˹
ϲһ㶸æ߽˷լүôˣʦ˻ûأ󡭡

ξ̫첢Զ۵ٶȲʱѵִ
Ÿյ̫췽ǫ㿴ѿؾڡ
һοıһλҪͻȻӺŵӵܶѡƾüЩȥɡ
áǫӦһԾؾС
½ֵʶǰȴƾһһ˻ʲôܣȥҰΪʺϵĵټ
˶һ㶣ؿһؾӦǡ

ǷǫνؾֱһƬ֮ϡȾһƬѪɫԶĺˮӿϣһ˲صġ
ͬʱܹ뷽ǫڣѹʮΪһεĴ׼𵤡
ȻͻƵʱ򣬷ǫüͷһӦԼƻķλȥ
ͬʱڣڵ۾ӵվ˫Ŀһ˲ɽɫָֺͫܿ˺ɫĳ
ݹᾣվ֮ȫ¸ֻʣһüӣվúͦҲȡ
Ҫˡ̧ͷ¶ˣǵЦа񣺡׼𣿡
ķǫĿȻһ߶ԶĸӦһ񣬸οôǿҵĺޣڼϵһƻ
ǫһ£СӾôԼ
˺޵ķǫͣԭ´̾˿ǰɡлǣҵѰħķλ
һﻹһƬде֣沼顣һȴֻͺͺɣһûմȾ
ǫܾòͣŷտĵطĿһƻ
󡭡
һϮǫִٱܿһɫָۡüһۻͷˣħˣ
ûУ῵Ҳûһһ㹦½⡣ǫ˿첲ϵĺӡٴ߬ü塣
꿴ҪһЩûټŹְԼֵָڣָ԰׵ķ·ûаѪɫħµʺʽʦֿɻϵ˭
ῡǫ΢΢һ֣̾Ҵȥ
ЦһĶ𣿡
һѾַǫ󣬷ǫὣڲǰʸպõס˼῿۹֡
ῲͷЦŷǫǷǫӨĶ䣬ҲպܿϤķ
һ˲Ļ۾ԾһƬ಻ʦһ㳤ûУɵһ˾㱾£
㵹ǳ˲١ǫýÿ῵֣תվĶ棺ؾûȫպϣȸҳȥ˵
ʦ֣
Ὸ˵Ϳƾճֵ½½ֵܣջץǫ֡
½Ҳû뵽Լôãһֱӵ˴ʦָһĿΧվڷǫļΰʦ֣ʲôط˭
ǫһ²ʵôҲˣ
ټӺȽˡ½شʱĿⲻɨΰܾЩ֣ܸов
û˵ͷԼ֣ԥҪҪ˳ֽһ𡭡
ȼжǫֱǰץסĸ첲ԼĽϣߣؾ̫Ծӽ
һ£ϤĶһʱ˷ʱѾ뿪ؾ
һ˲῾ͱǫӷɽȥ
Ϥĸо
̫⣬Ѿۼ׼ؾĵӡǫ˴ʱ˵Ŀⶼʶϡ
Ὸոɱòѹ˻ȥ̫նɱǫҲض̫Ѫûбꡣ
һأ͵رαסʶ׼Է˵ڻˣʦֹȻûƭң
һ£˲ջ֣תͷ˹ȥ
ȼΏҪֻּ߳ʣ°׾ϡģʵۡ
ޱջߣ漴޺޵ؿǫһʱĺޣŭжһ˿Լί
ԭİװ۵ĵܵܣ
ںƾǻ㱨ؾķǫһһãػعͷü߬
ƾ˳ŷǫĿ⿴˹ȥ̾˿Ǻӽӻˣ;˺ҲԼк󻼡
ܽҲһ壬ǫͷ۵ת˻⣺ؾΪȶʦõǻŰɡ
Ҳáƾǿؾķ̾˿֮ڵؾʣ࣬ؾʢȻȥΪʦٿ
ϣؾһͦһΡ
῱뿪ʱͷһеؾ֮ţ͸¶һĨɫ
ϲɫ


28 
ؾڴһʱ󣬾ͳױպˡ
պǰƾǸܵһԹѪ, ɽڵΪ, 궯
ƾɫһؾзʲô, ؾ֮ڶû취ٽˡ, ؾڴ׷ӡ漴˦뿪
㻹ڿʲôקק῵䣬ȱû뵽ֱӳһ鲼¶ϸݲѪɫֱ, ֮ۿת굽ôģ㵱Ϊʲôûг
ջؿؾĿ⣬䵽ʱʶü, ˿λɵô˵ģ
һ£ʦʲôû˵ʵʦֶûô¶档
˵ű, ˵, ׷ʲô
ῳ˵Ȼȥ˵

˵ǴʦȥģⲻܣŴǰֱӱת˺üȦ
, ʦ˵ҪԽΪѹ˾Ϊ, ǲˣ
, ̫ţԿ氨ѩҲû뵽ʱ꣬ѾƾǵΪ, ǫʦܡ
ͳ, żְƺͳ㲻ң
ϻһֵ, һţȴû
һСشյߣǣǾм᲻ʲô᣿
꣬ʲô᣿
ʲôᣬҪһĺ£ο׿˵ֻΪҪһͷѪѡ
תͷţݵļû⣬ҲʵڵϺÿ֣е¡ϴŵ·յģһҲ
㼾῱仯ô࣬Żǵһʱϳ
˵̫ļңʦֳִ㣬Ҫˡ˶ɫЩίȴԼ
ְס῵ļ򣺡ԲҪô
ȭͷǹյЦ˵Ǻ޻˷ܣһȥ㡣
һûٶȰ⡣
ҪȥĶͨ籨𣿡
һ£عͷϼĿ⣬ع֣ص˵ǵģԶᱳ㡣
ȥ׼Եģ̫ˡ˵̾˿ܵĻ޲ðԼָῡ
ллֲ˵Բ𡣡
֮ԶҪ˵ЦЦٲ߳ţĿʶһߵĲؾ壬ߵЦ
ŷ˼ȭͷŴʦĻɱΰûҪѹԼΪֻΪ˽ǡῲƭ
ؾպϣʦְʦΪΨ״ӣȥ̨һǰꡭ
̨֮Ȼϵ
۾һתͷܻڣ˰ῴʦġΰ
ķյģѩƿĴӹ˽
̾˿ߵԱߣЩ׻ǲˡ

ǫڻصؾʱֱӵϥȥԱߵ÷վȡ
ؾʱ̫࣬ΪѾѹסˣѾҪѹˡ
ǫȥֱϥ£ڱǿѹƵӿڣһʱڽ𵤹âʢ
ǫѾһɫıݣֻҪȥͿͻƽ𵤳ڣȻڴʱһϮ
ʯ֮䣬վ÷£شغ÷ͷǫѾƵʮ⣬۾
ǫոƶʱѾǿͻϣȻȴҧһѪζ
ò˵ÿμСƺԼеѪ֮֡
῾ؿŷǫ˳ÿСʱֻ̫ԡ
ڿһжĻԽԽҪ顣
ⲽ߽ǫֿץԷǫʶܿȴץס˷ֱӳ˳
ǫһͷ˿£ۿŷڼлΪ촷ۣһʱҲЩʮ꣬Що
Ҳ˵ỹź
ϵĻңʦ֣ΪͻˣҪ˵һ乧ϲ𣿲ɵһĿס
ǫ̾˿ʮڣǿƺϲ
ǻҪлʦ㣬ȥΏʱѾ˷ǫıִ˷ǫĲ
һϾͱǫý̫ˣȻһ֣ǫ̲ס˸Բ𡣡
Բ𣿡Сһ飬Цѹں棺δ˵ľֻжԲ𣿡
ǫĬһ£ҵꡭ
ôĪΪңⲽߵǫǰʱ䣬δԼˡ
ֲ֧ԼĵǵѪ𣬻˵ÿÿҹĶˣ̹ģΪĿڵǣͷѪ
Ҳ볢˵ͷѪʲôζ
ǫڼΏʱִ뿪ԭأܿ˼῵ĹȷʵΪ㡣
⻰һ῵۾˲ɺɫΪң֪֪ҵжϲ㣿ܹһжྪϲôرҵģ
һ£ҾԻе㲻̫ԡǫż῵Ĺ˿῵⼸仰֪ΪСøЩĳС˵
㲻𣿡ܹè׽һϷһǫĺ
̫ˣǫһԶ˳˼῵Ĺΰгң
Όһ٣ɫ¶һ˿ɣ˵ʲô
ǫüûа취˵ԼԤ֪δʱɰٿĪ磺㡭
ʦ֣ҶԳֱı˹ſվڷǫļΰֱ֮ղ̫ԣЩԥʵλСʦ˭ʦʲô
῿Ҷ壬ϵʦ㡣ǸЦڽϴСʦ㣬ԼĿȫǽ䱸
Ҳ֪Լڵӡ˲
ֻд衣ǫĿһֱżΰಽסҶԳֻΪвһ֮£
Ǻܾûмʦ֣㡣Ҷ˵ţ͵͵ó˵
һ̼῵ĿͶϣĿ̫䣬ڿһһ㡣ҶŰһʱԳС
ʦԳĻûȥӭһ˹δǰͱһ赲
ˡǫֽ뼾ԣȥʦ𡣡
Ҷ岻ĵǰ벽ǡ
Ļû˵ͱԳסҡҡͷ˵ɽߡӰһס˵ȥ·ǷǫĽ⡣
£῵ֱ𿪣һѪۡ
ſʼ档֪üŭ˼֣ҧÿ죬۾ûйԼ


29 
ǫĽĺܼ缲ꡣȻѾҶ, ʦõԸ񲻿ܲȥ֪ͨʦ֪ʦʲôʱϹ, ֮ǰסῡ
ò˵ȷʵСӿ˸ҡʮ, һ», Ҫڲ˵Ʒס
Խ˺棬ǫĴ˼¡ֻǽ֮£½ֵܺò׼լۡǳױˡ
Ǽ῵һθǫ棬ֻɽ, ɽҲƷĵط
ɾ, ɣ
ɱ۾, ŷǫĽܲ, ÷ǫЩ׽⡣
ˡǫֽ˳ȥڼһѪ, ͬʱҲһӡ
ΏٹʱȴԼ̶ԭû취ƶ
ʲôƾߵǰ, һֱ̧ӹȥΪʦ, ʦõ
῵ͷû˵ƾǳֵʱ֪Լɱˡƾǲ, Ҳһ򲻹ǫ
῵ָٽ, ֱϵͬ˽ಫ, Ӧʦšʦţ𣿣
һʦ𡣡ǫ룬ڼǰֻдѡ
㵱ΪʦϹ𣿡ƾֱӣָŷǫ˵ͼŰɣ
ƾǺǳͼǫһ̫飬ûģ̲ס̫̾Ҳ̫ĹأƫҲҪܷ
ǫĬƬ̣΢΢һЦ˽˵¶ܷҲһ𡣡
ƾٴţҪȥšǫĶ䣬ûã㡭⼸ܵĻ𣿡
ǫΪ˼һ£пɡ
˵ʱ򣬾Ѿ۾ȫ忪ϵû˵ĶԻʱڣ῵˫Ҳһ˲仯Ϊ˽ɫ漴ʧԭء
⺢ôƾһ£Īǻˣǡ
Ѫɡƾüͷһȥ׷˻ȴǫקס˸첲˻ʦ𡣡
ƾ̾˿֪䣬Ҳɣ
Ҳδشǻˡǫ˫ֱƾǵĸ첲֡бʲô䣿
ˡˣΪʦ֪ˣɿɣΪʦĸ첲챻קѾˣƾǵַЩͷۣŬѸ첲ק˳֪˵ʲôֻҪм῵ĺӻ̫һ죬ǾͲܲһײ̫š
ƾǿŷǫһЦģͷ۸ֻվ˼ɵ뿪̫»Σա
ǫɿ֣֦÷ͷϣʦģҼĺӣȻḺ𵽵ס
ȻΪʦҲͲ˵ˣСҲܹţһԼƾ̾˿ûٶȰ˵תͷ뿪ؾ壬ߵһʱ͵ͣ
һ£ǺҼ
ƾӣͻȻԼˣҲšţ
ǫƾǱӰʧ˿ֱӿ÷ϣͼлԸ֪ŵС
ǫ໹Щ۵ļǸСĺݡתͷ򱻱ٵĳ׵լۡطסţ϶ûһ¡
̾˿漴ʧԭء

תһȦһ۴ؾķ򣬼ܵſջ˽Ų
ʦôǿΏ᲻£ϹȥæȴԼҵˡ
һֻݰ׵ִڴ῵洫˽š
ΰû°ɣһܵڣῳ϶һѪⲢûˣո˿ֺܿǴʦɻáǡ
׼뿪̫ţ𡣲һһصٸ㡣šüԶ壬ʱڵסϢϾǳ֮ơ
һ£һ͵ץס῵֣һӣҲУ
˵æܻڣȫУ¼һβǶĿⲻɨϡ
ֻ˰ӾʰҴææش˳ŴʣʹʦǡǡȥȥĶ
һĶ֡Щɬ״ޣûҪһ𡣡
ŴżΰļˣȻ̫ˣΪ㡣
ɬȴ໹ǺÿģֻݵЩ͡ʱЦѩڣĵü续һߡ
ǫڷϣ°Ϳ겢⣬Īжɵĳɾ͸Сǹ䣬ʱ굫ɡ
һûӦø˳ǡ
ֻǵıӰκﲻ̫Ծ
ǫ۾Ϊʲôʦܸǿ׳ĶࣿǫĬĬƿߣԾ
һۼῺ뿪ķת߻š
Ʋ̫ˣ˳ȥ˵ãĳͻݵСʵӦúúõزһˡ
ɽ֮˳·ȥһ˹𻨸⣿еˮҵĹ𻨸ˡ

ǫûм׷ϼΰɴԼߵݡлڣСһʱҲˡ
ʮҲûбĳ˹ɡҪǼͻ̫˯
տҪ붬ˣ뿪̫֮Ҳһ·ŷѩ
ǫÿγŲۣһεѵһֵĿ⣬ǲʱѩе
ߵǹٵ·Щߣ˼Ź𻨸⣬εĵֱ˹
ǫ̾˿ϵǰû̫ע⣬ŷͨģ
λܲܰæµĹȹӴ·ͻȻ˳ҼСĳݵˡ
ǫסЦЦؿ˸ŹŨױġá
λСڲԶҲ֪ôݵǰֱӳ˹ٵǰôקҲק
ǫ߹ȥһۣС￪ֱ˵ǰںƳΣ
½ǣ鷳ںƣȥǰæקһ¡
ǫվԭز鷳ôù
¹ЩΪѵؿŷǫֱϴû¹㶣ˬЦǺðɣ鷳ˣʱһһ
롣ǫơ
¹ίίĿһۣȹӲȽСӿԿʼˡ
ǫǰַӦһá
һŹһ䣬һӳڴ
ζʵЩ壬ǫЩʵü漴ȥ
װ̫ˣе硣


30 ּ
ˮ, ˮ
ʦվɫ£ˮɫ, ĿɫҪᡣ
ССļվڴʦĶӶеľ, ʱɵ, һֱӴʦϡ
ôôʦ̾˿תסС῵󣬴콣ǰȥҪôת
¹£轣Ӱغϡ
С῿Ž˵Ӱ, ֪ΪʲôЩίǺҹ̫, 뱧һߵ, ôž, Ȼ˸ա
ոյ¶糱ˮȥɫСΏûüֻžͷĿһǱ봩͸ĺģѪһһε
͵شӴ, ͬظġֱ꣬װ˯һ졣
Ƿ̫|, ɫ̫ãҹȻ֪ٴγС
ôˡôˣŴһߴϱ, һãؿܡΪǫΨһʦܣҲŴÿ˯ϰ, ӻŽ, 춼û׼ࡣ
סĿͣ˰β˵û, ˯ɣǻҪּҡ
ֵּʱЩ䣬Ŷһٴ˻ȥȴûٺ۾
ּұţǺ³һڰжңҲûлȥһ꣬Ҳֲѹꡣ
һߣῸɴӴ˴ߣֲԾĴ
װؾõһȴһѡáһƽƽľ
˳ȥּװ˻
ҪҲһһĵǸ˵һһ顣
῵סԼĶͷѾƲסҪȵһĵ

Ϊ῵ˣǫʱ档ʻķǺͼڵķλͬһһز˷Ѷʱ䡣
˵̶ȣȻ·˵¶Ҳǵһθˡ
ҩûҹȷʵ˯ǰһֱĻѾƵ˯ˡ
СһԵʦһϲǰ洫˹˺ȹӵ»ܲܲŮģ
ܿ촫һϴ˵Ů·˱Ƚϵ
ǣܰƭǰ˵˶һ£˵ôÿ᲻ǸϹģ
Ϲķǫ
ʦƺƺڶ˵㡣
ǰ洫ϤϤܿʼ˵ĺٴο˵ô죬µָûɣֻ·ԽԽˡ
ҪԵķͱͲ࣬ǻûԹû
ôÿһ˵ţÿĵ壬̨󷽿˹ͷǫһ
úÿ֮ʲôȻϵ𣿷ǫգգ۾Լɻ
ôôˣϵױݻûɾϵ֬Ĩϵգӳ¸ɭأֻǴܿǰ·¡ֻǿĿİƤӣʵЩƻա
ǫ̫ˣ˯š
ָŷǫָɸ㡢㡢㡭
ǫ߶ͷˣҺܺãлл
ĥߴɶҩһӴӺ˳һѽǰ˰һҩǫ
ҩζµķǫʶ֣Щҩ˳ȫ˻ȥ
ܿ촫죬ӭȥ
ķǫ

ʱȻԴ
ʲôǸСӡſױݵ´˵ţƿĳţһɺϣΧаƶ䣬ֿɼ
ǣڣ죡ϣɣ

ǫýÿΪεؿһɪɪˣǲǸĳʦµô
үǡ
ͣ˭үҿɵ𡣡ǫεü˵˵ǵĿĵأҽһ̡
µĺӣɿͬŷǫ˹ȿͱǫýסλɳֵҲ£ȴ󱯾ͷŹһΰɣ
ô£˵Һһǫž룬һ˵˵ǿеλʦΣ
Ƭ̻شǳľʦʦƻѡ·Ե˵ͽܡǸǿôÿһԵԾ뽫͹ȥ
һԸæͷӦͣԡԣǾǷġ
ơǫЦһ֮еϤ֣ǿǵĿĵȷʵһµģʹһ˺ˡ
º۾һɳʶʦⲻǴˮ
˵ӦʶǫüһЦ˴󺺵Ļ˳ȥ߰ɣ׼ȥˡ
һ̣ĺӣʱ򣬰ſ˻ӲرƳŮļС
һڵϵķǫ̧һӽȵطһߡ
⣬·˷׷׻ͷŴһɲı顣
ش˳Ⱦܡ
ǫһ̧ǰܣŲȴԾغ˵ǫǰȥҵλͽ
´ŤͷǫһžͿʼͣͽͽͽܣ
ǫ̧һ´󺺵ԴҽУʦ̫ţ治١
һ䣬ºӻûӦͬ鵹ֱӹ桭ɾ
źӵĻܵĿȫۼ˹
ǫһЦֱԽˣһϮ쪷ôⶼûء

ּҵıԺڳⲻԶɽߣ²ԶԭҲɽˮһأֻּҳ֮ԶĹլ
ῺߵּұԺʱŸոѻ֦ͷǶ˵ĽŲĽ
ٽլԺǰʶӿ˽Ųǵ±֣һζûлعط˵ʬǶδֻ˵ȥ˺ɽڡ
һ㡣ῸŲȲˤʱʱֽ˷ס
ǿЦЦߵָǰ
ϻŹٸķʮķ紵ǷѾ鲻źᣬһѽ˺
ͬʱֽųƿӭּһĲݴլԺѪѾصףһİ
ǻǵõʱּ˵µλãſڵĵطպǸŮµλá
վǰĿĿŵ棬ܿŬԼ¶Цݵӡ
῰飬ѪľͷУɫӡǡ
쿴
ڼῷʱ߽լԺƵ˺ԺԺӵУԺӵмͣڹײġ
ڻߵԺԵøĻ졣


31 ײ
ǫʱ, ׺һİ, ʦÿ궼гաԵˡ¡
Щ˵г˼λ, ʣµ˶ǵһμɾ, ͵͵Χ۱С̸š۴Ķ󶼻յòϡ
һ·ķǫ̲ס̾˿, Ųͣ, ˡ
·ĺһ£عͷСؿǫ, ϵױѾϴɾˣģӢͦݣɾôˣ
ǫûлشֻߵΧ, ȥɽԡȻ󷨣ȴҲóĵ, ¡
Կ, ǵĵطǷҵլ
һλ, ܸûȥˡ
߰ɡǫջ, ٲ߽ڡĽ룬ڴ
ɳַƣߵǫǰɾʦ
ǫһ·ôҡĹ, ˼һǰ֪Ҳ֮е顣Сɳ߽, Щֵİûٸ
󺺼Ҳ׼ŵĨʹܽԱߵƫ, ȴǫһһק˻𼱣һȥǸ˵еĹͽܡ
˵ĿƳһƫǡɾƫſڱԿ溩үү
ǫסҪν֣ǿԼĿǰ
·СɳԻͷһۣȴûֹǫ˵ľ
ֱһ߲⣬µϲ㣬۵ĵطȴ䡣
·СɳͣԷǫ˵:ʦ棬ɾ롣
ǫǰ߲ԲƵԹʵûסЦ˳סһľ룺㵱ɵ𣿡
СɳҲ΢΢Цţ˵ɾȻɵɾǲԸĻԿȥ
һ߲Զ򿪣һλ߱ǰżǿܹϣǫʱ۾ȻһŬǰүүǰˣ
ǷҵǸ˰㣬еү˭ҲԶ
ǫɫ˳ƶֱӴӡȻھʵһɲǣܵĻǱ׸뿪һ
ǫܿԼ㾪ֵĿ⣬СɳֹЦݣȴǱ˶һֱʧ
ǻþ

῰סͼȥƹײĵ֣ȿط
˵ּʬףοѾȥʮʱ䣬ѹײλεذô̫Ծ
ɫһǿԼתߡ
ֻΪɱ˶ģûôּҵĶôȥֵǮѾ˰ˡ
Ƕ᷿ﻹһЩСӵ⣬˸Ĳ˹֮Ļԭ
һ£˹Ļ˻Σ˵ĹȻʲô졣
СӷȥĻҳյУתʱȴײߵĹӡ
һСľ˴żСľˣ´˼ۣϡԿ῵ĺۼ
̫һ㣬ôǷģ
ŽСľ˷˹Ŀڴһ㽹ڵĺۼ·Ǳʴһ
Сľſڣݵǰ㿴𣿡
һ£СľõУһɲͻȻϤ׽УͺҲԼһ֡ǣĶҵģ
Ͷڹ档źЦָָ᷿˵ܲԼȥİɣ
Щĸо·СľԼĹӵУʶСľս˴У̧ͷʱպöžֵı顣
ΰ
ȻͷԺӵеڹײĲ֪ʲôʱȻشˡɾ޴֣һץסײĵС
üͷһ壬ָΪض˺ǺҲֻɢһ˲ٴһ𣬷ֱץס֫ײ
ῡȼΏնϺֻܱƬ̣ʹһ˹ײĵС
װײת˲ָƽ
ţֱ֣˸ո̵ŵĹײģһ
ɫԥһ˲ɴɺԼϽһڹײĵС

һɽˮĵطïһɺгݵľɫ
üܣͷߵĴ̧קһƬҶ
еҶɻڣͬĵطȴҲܿ쳤ͬһƬҶСλúɫֺ
ǡþĶ
Ҷֻ뿪˻þҵˣ˼ʱĽŲ
ţ
ԣ۲šûлͷָȴ
ˣǸ˵ĽŲ
ǫؾѾת˿ʱˣڸߵΧʱͲǰˣһͱٴΰ˻ȥ
еǼΰĻþôС̣㡭
ǫûȫ˵ڣѾһ˹ǫٽ῵Ĺεüġ
Ϊʲô˻þ滹ôꣿһԲϾͿ
һ£ĻǼٵģ
ЦһμôʵĻþΪʲôҪ֣Ϊʲôͻþˣ
ôżῸɴ˹·۾ȾһƬɺɫ
ǫüͷʵҲͰˣǰûþﻹҪСƨȻʵһɲǣǫоһ˿ǣ͵ͣ
ģôҲԼĻþУ
ǫ֮ʣѾ˷ǫĲӡ
ǫĲϸ𪣬·һϡô̫ˣôˣԼʮܵĿָ˭ջ
жޡߵҹҹ޲ʳ⣡
һͷڷǫӦǰֱӽ˰ڵϣһҧסļֱ波ѪȵζҲɿڡ
ǫҲû뵽῵Ȼôһʱûѿϵʹ΢΢۵ܿɢȥ
ҪҧԼܽĻǾҧɣҲǵһѡ
ǫһӣо῵𽥼̾˿˵ҧ˾ɿɣ𣿡
ΌȻɿ˿̧ͷȻѹŷǫ˫Ŀŷǫҧһô޲һһڽ˳׳ԽУ
ôţٴ׼ҧȥȴǫһְסԴֱȥ
ǫվһ·סҼϵӡҧһھ͹ˣôģ벹Ҳ£
һ´ߵѪ֪ĸܵζŭεĴָǫ
ǫЦãң㻹ϵҡ
ĿָգΪʲôҵĻþС
ʵǫԼҲ֪£һ߲С
ޱ鿴ܵ֡
ǫһǴʲôطģ
ײġ
ǫͼῶһۣĬһ£ǫתͷ߰ɣȳȥ˵ȥһҳڡ
῿ŷǫɻ¶ıӰüͷۡ
ľԼɱ


32 ӵ
ǫ˼ŷּûи, ͷ˹ȥʲôأˡ
ⲽߵǫߣʦ, ҵͷѪ𣿡
ǫһ£Ų΢΢ͣһ£Ϊ˱㣬ô𣿡
͵ػͷӱϿֹǲ, ⶼ˼֡û¹ߵˣԶǸطʲôӣ
ǫ¶֮еı飬΢΢̾˿漴ĳ
͵ץסǫֱۣȻô, Ϊʲôһֱûͻƣ
ǫЦһ, һһ˼῵ָãȻҪڿͻƵʱ򡣡
Цһ£İ㶼û, Ϊʲôɱңֻ, 󻼡
˵ûǫԽ˹ȥû, ѪѾòˣɱû塣
ûпǫԽԼ¶İɫ, طЩŹ, ˻ἤĵ׵
Լ㹻ƽ, ȴԭҲȫȻûίǫ۾, ̨ʱ仹, ڵĵ֮뿪ط
ɶ˵һƬɱ㡭塣
·Ӧ˼ĵ, һֱֵԹȻ࣬ոǿѹµɱٴηӿ
ɱͿԱˡ
ɱͿԽģûб߼ʵĳˣ
ƭ㣬㣡
㻹ڵʲô
һεĴӱͱһ
῵ַͷ۾αͫҲצΡȻû֣ǫһνˡ
ɨֱӽῴԱߵˮ̶С
һ֮£͵ع˿ˮ̶վ˰ϵˮޱĿ򰶱ߺЦķǫ
𣿡ǫڰߣһոռ񵽵һûһµͱżΰ˾ħĻͰɱȱ⣬ȳȥ˵ط⡣
㷽ǫᣬҲо˲Ծ𸴳ڸҪҵš
һԲ߻ذϣֱԽ˿Ϸеĳˣ
ǫʼȥεĿάʪ״̬ĳˣȥô꣬ôˣ
棿ŭ˷ǫһۣٿĳ˵ӿ˽ŲϵˮȴҲܿˡ
ǫһ£ȻСݵ࣬ǹֱŤʱͦɰ
ƬֿȴûоͷһҲкҹ֣֮ۿҹɫŨ
ǫסڼеļΰֱһյأܼЩ֦Ӽ漴ϯض
üͷԴȡķǫҪʲô
ǫڴͣͳһ鴦õ⣺ɫ
һǽڣҪϢͽʳ
öȤǫ߿ͳһƣںӸΰ㣬ůůӡ
ʶסƺ漴ŷӦôܱ
ֱʱʶԼΪʲôҪǫһߣǷǫΪʲôҲҪͣ
ӵƺת
һ¡ǫסΰõĿϣߡ
ſһʱ֪α飺㡭
ǫĻ˻֣û߰ɡ
ۿ˦Ҫ뿪ǫƵزһ䣺Ҫ˷ʳȻݳϻģϾǲǿʳޣﶼɰĴڡ
῱ŷǫϵĶһ٣ҲǳҲǵ޴С
ǫִӴͳһ⣬Ϊеؿĳ˸ϴ㲻Ӧþÿ𣿡
ûлشȴҲûӵǿ鿾⣬ܿʧֵС
Сӡǫ˿һ浤ڿϣҪǱ˾̫ˡ
겻õҩķǫһ£浤Ȼǹ꣬Ǽޱȡ
ڼµһʱϵıŤһ£ԼջǱˣˡ
ҹպϨǱø財
ǫԼֱۣߺƱ̧ͷǿաԭľǳ
û뵽ԼڻþΰȻûôԼҲᵽҼȻˡ֮ѹû뵽⡣
ǫʵҲܺڣʱѾ·ţȴû߽ҡȿһۣҲù㱻
ȻȻʱеȷʵǰû֪ôˣ
þҲ֪мء
ǫ˼ʱĿδ뿪ǿգ˼ʱȴȻԡ
ʲôǶʼָϷˣ
ǫӵϷԾһֱͼѰҳڣȴδڿϡ
ҵ·ǫʼڲӦ÷ǸС뿪ط̫죬ڼϵĻ֣ѿҵλá
ǫĿһ¡һ˿
ǫ͵زܿĹתͷȻ˼۵׵ɺɫ
ʱУҲ֪ȥʲôطʲô
һ㣡ǫüżῲһĽ֮
῵ǰһƬףƺϤȴֱ治˭Լںδֻʣĵ׵ɱִ
ЩִһԴԼһԴЩҰ꣡
ڸոһοߵǣڱʱ͡͸ء
壬Ҳδݹ
Ϊʲôƾʲô
ż῵ɱ⣬Ƭ֣Լյơ
ǫ̧ͷ۽ҪסǳüͷԽԽ
ܱɱʹ·ȴƷ
ǫ̾˿ܷӭȥ
῵ָڷǫһѪۣǫȴֽ˻ס
ǫ̫Ҳ̫һ˲·˴˵
῵־ͣ˷ǫĺģʹҪѪȣȴһֹ޷֡
ûˡǫûиоԼĵֻ֣ż῵ĺ󱳡ɣ£ûٺһΡ
῵˫͵ذסǫĺ󱳣·þȫҪ˳뵽ѪУǫ졣
õһӵʮ꣬޿ɱġڵõһӵĿȴѾ赱С
һԵĿ̫࣬ĳҲ̫ˣȴǸõĺӡĨڵϵǣҲ̫̫ˡ
Сӵ󣬷ǫɢԹǿסƿĳ嶯
ˣҲûٶ֣Ѿڷǫ֮ˡΪֻѪ֣֮ûܿסԼ
ǫСһűԼҪ߳һ꣬ۿ⽫ҪԷԼȲ𽥷
һΪҪղ뿪ˡǫ˿ſ῵ͬʱ˶Ӳ֫
῵ĿѾָû֣յͬʱҲһ˿ҡ
῵Ļû˵ͱǫϣʲô˵ĵȳȥ˵Ҳ٣ѾĹˡ
ǫ˵žʣֱ񷡣


33 ̶
ǵֱնǿ, ˺˻þαװ
ǫͼǰֳʧգ֮˾͵˺̶С̶ˮ, ֱûλá
ǵĺڸոȫϨˣ̧ۿˡǫҲֱ䵽˺̶УһѾʪ͸ϡ
ῲ֪ôĿٴһ, ·һаܽڣֲ֪ǴӺζ
̶ˮҲܹŹ֣ͷ̶ܹСû壬֣ǫ̲ס˸, 漴̧ܡ
һ֮ܶ, Ѿʯסˣ̶ˮһ߼ʣȥҳڡ
һԲֱѡһˮ˹ȥ, ǫż῵ıӰ, һߡ
ˮԽԽ, ˺ѾףòѰҿϰĵط̶ˮ}˵, ˮд嶼ľɽǱˮһ, ұھ̶ˮ, ȫҲ̤ĵط
ǫ, ɴǱˮСȻˮʱ, ͱ˴Ӻֱ
ǫһãתͷ, ϼ
Ҳ֪Լʲôߵһߣȴʹε˷ǫڿˮʱֱȴԸһĽֱˮ档
һʱ˭û˵
ǫһ˵Ҿ뿴ˮûг·˵۽΢һѰ̼
ῲŷӦǱ̵˰ɿڷǫϵ֣ɸɴһͷˮ¡
ǫһ£Ҳ̲סЦ⡣ˮеļǫЦʱӲһ˲ĿһƬڳ
ֻԼСֻ˶ѡ
ǫЦһҲٴǱˮСˮһƬûаԷǫڵʶҲӦƬ̣ǿˮµ
̶ˮһˮͨ硣
ǫȷ˷λתͷῡһСεĶȥˣǫԥһ£εǳˮĵط
⺮̶̫ˣˮ³۽üҶ˺˪
ǫ˴ȥˮһƬƽȫ῵Ӱ̾˿ȵָָ֪ǱˮС
ڵˮҵһˣҵˮҪѵĶࡣǫ۾Żǣ
ҵˣǫ۾̶ˮĵķȥ̶ҵȻѾʧȥʶĳˡ
ԡʵ̫ˮģ
ǫһ£ֻĵĸо漴ٵ˹ȥ

Ȼǻˮģˮ˵һֱܣδԼˮС
ʵ῱ȷǫһҵǸˮͨڴԥ˺ܾãǸӦֱ뿪޹ءɱֻΪþ죬㶯ֶѡ
ǡ
ǸոշǫˮʱʤĻ֣̿һãͿ־ԶԶ˺⡣
ɱ῱۾ջǷ˻ȥ
̶ҵķǫ˰īƮˮС㣬ǫȻعͷż΢΢һЦһЦ·̶˴ˮ
üͷɴֱ֣ǰЩԡʱǫ֣ûзӦεԣ֫
ȵڱ̶ˮб쳣ԣƮˮеķ˿ŵ÷㡣
῾ִٵ˰벽üͷɴ֡
Ƿǫ
򡰷ǫȴһˮϡ
ǫЦŵģϵȴһȥֱ¶ں̶ˮУ鿴ȥ˼ίĲϲ𣿡
ϲЦݷ̣޻̸ϲ
ôţǹԳĻȡȴԽԽ䣬ʶſΨһůʶҲԽԽֻʣǸ˵ĺЦı顣
ŶͳŪ
һʹʶѾȫǰ˵Ǽ١
·һγѰħ±ߣûа취شȥĿһֱǸվ±ߵˡ
Ǹ˳Ƶɵףһֱվ
ѵʱڴϵůȵϢ촽ɽθУԭϢĸо糱ˮȥ
͵۾պöϷǫʱ˵촽һ촽ȻֻǼ򵥵ϣȴظо¶ȡ
ͫ׼еĺǹԼδѸȴֱ̧ǫؿڡ
ǫڼῶǰѾˣһʱ˱˴˵ľ롣
ַʲô裿ˮ²㽲ǫɫεָָˮķʾԼ
һ˲Щɵؿǫ˿ʻϻŶԷ¶ȡ
ôܡģ
ǫһβŷּûиǴԭءǵῡˮԲáǫ˻ץ῵ĸ첲
ȴǰ͵ؽԱһơ
оŭŻعתͷͿǫһնһǫġǫֱӻ̶ˮУ
ֻʹ
ʹûʲôͷֻҪʾס²ΪҲױ
ǫսεؿ˼һֻۣ˭ǳԶѹּῸոͻȻֹ
ò˵ǴˮεôҲû֮῱һֻʹԶϽεС
ܱУıҲĺޡ
һηǫûǰȥק῱ӣָָˮķ˹ȥ
ῴԭĬƬ̣Ÿڷǫ촽֪Ƕһ
͵ؿһģֱٳһ˿Ѫߣʹѹʲôˮд̫ãӶˣ
ˮһǰһνʱſڡ
һ˻ɽУһ⿪ڿԿ⡣Ҫǣڿûˮĵطˡ
ǫӺ̶гŴ磬ˮεľ˺䣬֮󷽲žѪҺﶼһ
ǫһ裬ֻǿһ֡
ݳޣǫӴȡһӸΰ漴½
һʶˮпĻ棬üٷʲô
ǫһ£ֵĿΰһ׸ɾ·ȻܸʲôҲϿ컻ˣ浱ԼǶģ
㡭һȥͷе壬ú䣬ȴͻȻʪĸоЩˡ
𷢴ˣ·ߣô˻ߡǫ̾˿Ҳתżῡ
תͷ˹ȥǫѾ·δɵīһ֧÷֦
Լģʱȴһ˵ʧС
תͷ⿪
ǫżΰ˿Сӱȵ껹ҪŤ֡ǫٹעΰоǰɽ
ʵӵһػþʼһֱ˼ŵĸоطһģҲֻλͽˡ
ǫߵʯڱоһ£ʯڹ⻬ȫûп̤ŵĵط
Ǹôȥ


34 δ֪
Ώ, عͷʱպÿǫþұϻһ̺ۣ̤ڽ֮, ý̳һͨϷĽݡ
ǫٶȺܿ죬ת˲Ѿ˶ڴǲ῵Ŀ⣬ǫһ٣ͷ˹ʲô
˵ԼȷԾɽ, ת廹ڶеļ֡
ῶһ£ֱ󣬲ڷǫµĽϣգ֮뿪˶ѨǫһЦջ֡
Ѩһɽ֣˳Ҷķ϶ǫٴת, ֻɬ, ܹõޡ
ٴקһƬҶȴûͬҶӡһ, ͷеҶ
ÿ˻ǻþ, ʱ䲻ҳ, ٱ¼ٵҲ䲻ġǫҲקһƬҶ㴵ʵ˻
û츳ɾڨڨҶ, ѡһ, תͷּΏվԭʲô
ῳһ, ͻȻŵ
ΰʦ֣
Ὼͷǫһ, ͬʱعͷŷһλ˹
ү߿ǫżΏҪ, ˦Žɵıǫ
һ͵Ŀ˿Լ˵, ǰʱУλϲһֱһҪ˵ӣȫѹԼϣôͻȻˣ
ǫǰַ㣺ΪʲôҡĶ
ǫ˵ãһ˵ӼΡΡؾҪ¹򣬱ǫһѷסүҶԲү
𼱣˵ǫ˵ŷ£Ϊʲô£⾻ʲôˣ
ʦʮһǰĳ򡣡±ߴȱ˵һպ֣ɡǸһһƽе
˵תͷǫĽүģԳͽܣүԳΰ˵⣬жͽҲء
ÿᵽĻأϵ˳벹ÿһιס¡
Ų䵽ߣСʵû£ô͡
ҡҡͷתͷһ۷ǫܿջߣ߰ɡ
ǡһ£Ϊʦֺͼܹһ֣֤֮ľѾˡ
һ¡ǫһ°ֻعͷԸʵűߡ
ʶվֱӦǣʦ֡˵һ£Сῡ
ûлشֻߵĵطŷǫŸæ˹ȥֹؿżῡ
ʼôʹʦһ𣬴ʦΪʲôҲڳû뵽ΏǫĻ
ῴʱҲңһദ߸ǵ֪ⶼʼöҡ
῰˰üģ⿴һߵķǫʶһָֻǿˣǻʹ
ǫջע˵үһֱ̫ãһξүΡ
ǫüͷ΢˰ĻҼǵһθ˵ҩ
͵ؿүү;ԼõӣǰŸߣ꼵˾͹ǽӵ£үûüõҩºҺүǿзֿұ⡣ֱүֺүӦҲУүʲôط
ǫûлشʵô£
үƽаΪ˸м㣬⽨ɹۡ벹֮һʦ󽨳ĵʱƵƫ
ǫһ£̲סʵһүүࣿ
˫ڨڨ˵:ǰܵģοүӡ
ǫһ𴽽ǣһ⣬ΪʲôҪҽ£
һ£ãؿǫү˵ʲô
֪ˡǫ̾˿վνָ򰢺㣬絶Ǿͻһ⡭˭
үһ£Եؿǫϵ𣿡
ǫһǣϵʲôͽܻǸʲôһʦ
һ£Цԭָܿƽ̹⻬Ƶվȫ쵽ǰľ롣
һɫɮۣȴһͷһɾ档
ǫͷҸлл佱һʦ
һһһ̯ǫüĿЦؿӦõġ
һ£첽ܵǫߣŭһ㲻ˣ
һ΢΢һЦСʩˣƶɮȷʵᡣ
ǫŵļ󣺡ҵλͽܣҼ˶Ķ
һ̬º͵ػش𣺡߲㣬ȥȻܿ
ΪʲôҲῲ֪ʲôʱһֿĲϡ
ּҵˣȻǴּҽġһüһЦȫ˼῿Լϵ֣Ȼͷΰո·ƶɮѾˣǸӣǡ
ʮꡣһ˵ŷץΰͬʱȥȴһסһʵʵذļϡ
ָķǫĽ⣬ֱӴ͸˺һϡһʹɿ֣һѪۡ
һ¶һ˿죬û뵽ԼĻþУǫĽȻ˵Լ
һ֪ʱºѴ߼ΰЦһ˻Ϊʧԭء
˿æܵߣû°ɣ
ҡҡͷʶǫǫպ˾룬תѰ˸򣬶̤У߰ɣҲ֪·
һ³˵Ǹʦ֡ʱߵ·
ǫĶһ٣ɫתһ

ҸһʱֱӽһԺУǸһˡһᵽһ̲סһ·ɵһȥ
ǫһüģҲܲµһ·λʦܴʮ˴˳ȥ
߶ͻȻʵ:ʦ֣ôҲڳΣ
һ£һһҹʱУûпǹǫΪʲôᵽ·ǫĳ֣Ӧһ
ǫٵػش˵Ҷһͽܣʦҹƾȷʵβ̽һ£Ѿʮǰõˡ
ŻȻŶһͼ῵󲿷ʱ䶼ڣҲΪɾġͽܡԽﵱɱܷۡ
ǶĵطѲŶԣ
ѾʮˣЩûзѰԼͼῡôţʶקס˼῵䣬ǵĿһֱǼῡ
ῳĬƬ̣ŰЦһ£̧ͷաǰķǫͻȻͣ˽Ų
Ǹһʦ˵Ҫ߲뿪طǴǰĻþȻȻĻ
δ
þֻһδ뿪


35 
ǫŸոͨ, ͼ͵ؽƸԼ̶λá
ǫ뵽, ȻҲ뵽ˡЩһʼǳԼġ
ȻΣǾѹ
ǫһ㶷סţһ£嶯
һãأʦ֣ôˣ
, ٳѰǡǫ˵ϥ޵ȫܿһѪ
ʦ֣һæǰȴַǫӰ𽥱͸ʧԭء
վԭأ㶵ͷʦ, û˵ôǰ
ǫ۾ʱ, ԼȻǰֻǸɳ֡󺺺Ͱ㶼Ӱ, Ҳûм῵Ӱ
ǫɾѪ, һǰ߲, Ϲŵĵһи֪ƾǡ
ȥ, ʣµΪʦᰲ˹, 氡, ͽܡ
ƾǵĻû˵, ͱǫֱ, 漴üɽ¡һҪ⡭
ּҡ
Ķ

ѹʱԼȻڵĹײĵ, һµǰĹײİȴûƶ
ײ洫һˣרΪ׼ģһΪٵٵܳû뵽ô졣
漴ײĻζһ£Ȼ̧
Цһһڹײϣľһӡ
һ£תͷʱѾĿײĸǡ
ҵСˡײĵۺ룬ЦЦؿῡϽײĶزס㡣
꼣ϵĻңۿǰˣּҲǣ
꼺Цҡҡͷܿϧûֳ
΢΢һ۾Ӧҡ
ͣһ²Ժе壬󲿷ֶҵֵģǸŮ˵ġ
һʱѾ˾꼵ĺġЦݲ䣬ת۾ʧڼǰ
һˡԪӤڣ
Ώûü꼵Ϣڼ˫εشڼϣС£ԹԸһȥĸʿһֱ㡣
üͷɴ֣һתһն
һ£ŷּһѲĽ޽
ῲûлشὣն꼽硣վԭزûƶһŷӲ෽򵽼῵Ľϣⱻƫơ
ῼƽһ㣬Ծ
ӷ𡣡һʦվլϣ˫ֺʮ񣺡ˣһСӶץס
һϷɴû֡
һʦЦºͣƶɮֻˣͱ޷
꼿һһûлشһתһѳֱ῵ţС£Ӻá
ĽҪȼ῵ĽĶ࣬Ǳ´ȻĽ꣬ϸܵ͸
üͷšھ꼵Ľ£ֱ޿ɱܵĸоɴ಻ܷӭȥ⽻캣⽣֮лһƽ⣬꼵Ľȫѹ
һüԹۣʱ¶һ˿£˷顣ûü־ͣ£ĿתһߣɾǺÿٶȡ
ٲһʦܶҪˣˣ۸ʦһСѣǲһ֣ǫ֪ʲôʱͥԺУ˻˻еƣΪĿ˾һۣǾ꼣ôôϵͽܣ
һ߽Уһ߽䱸ؿǫ
ǫЦк˿ƣ򣬲ںҡʮûΪСӰѽжˡʱѾʵû¹๦
⻰һῶ̲סһ£ĿƳǫ
ǫһ¾ƺ͵Ŀͣ͡ͱһ˵סߣǫ΢΢һЦ˵һʦһˣһ⣬ȴһԹ
һʦش𣺡ҲáԹҲնΪУκβ𡣡
ǫһֻһöȻУһɱȡжԲԣǿʶ
ǫ˵Žƺһף˳ƳʴһʦʯѾ̵һʦǰȴһŷ鵲סˡ
һʦָŷ飬ЩϧؿѺۣʩ꣬ŲС
УǫȻһЦתɨһҲں
һʦɫһ䣬ٺ˿ϵһѿһء
һʦһǱȴһĨЦݣԭѹסĺѸӣԹڲΧĹ˳ݷߣȴעʱ¶
˵ɾɱԩֻȻЩ˿ɶԩġҵСɰǿѾˡһʦ̧˳һŮ˿ǰϲÿεˣò˭ܼɾ֡
ⷨʦĻŮתͷǫҰ׵Ϻɫ촽ԣԾԾҪ
ɱˡȡꡢǫɫὣָŮҿǸԵӦ㡣
Ů·ǫϵԾһʦȴıǫ
ͬʱԩҲȫ˹һʦʱῺ;꼶ˡ
ͬʱһֱ׷ı˵𣿡
ǫñͽιһι´УûԪӤ۸һ𵤡
һʦףܿǫĹԾϣӭ»عģȻɾһҪĻ
һ˵ſ뼾ῲһľ꼣Щϧؿ˼һۣͬʱ
ֻίһµˡ
῾ٽ׷꼣ȴһ⣬ջһ޴ͼԭƽʯשȻѿ
ǫԭѾ𣬼˻ΰ֣ῡ

תȦ󣬻Ȼ˴ʦֺͰ῵ô뿪ġ
Ӵ﷭һѾµذףȻ˰죬Ӳûµȥ֡
Уʲôط
ʶͷպÿ㡱һһ˹
һ£ŭ˹ȥһץסӣ㾹Ȼҳ֣
ȿȿȣ˵ʲôһɫͨ졣ҡҡ
źɵؿǰͨ˺ߣȭͷǰ˻Σһϵһ𣿡
ûм㰡һʶȥ㲻ҪɱңһҪȥүү
һסˣ㲻Ǹһʦ
ãؿţСܺ㣬׳ʿ˵Ǻˣ
Ų³Լǰߣ̽ʵʲôˣ˵үʲô֣
ᵽүʱܺǰһڴǷͣү̫ɽɾǫ
˿ɲؿܺ㣺ģҴʦּҵģ
ܺŵֱֱعλСʦȻϵүȥһү
æҵĽ˷ģʦֵĵҵһ


36 ɹ
ǫ۾ʱ, һƬڰСʪ·ڵص׵С
һ, ڲԶͬԵеļῡüͷ岻ʱ鶯һ£һɫߴڻ
ǫһ¼˹ȥȴڿʱһɫסȥ·
ǡǫü齣նȥ, ˿δ
׷ˣͲµ󷨣δɹ֮ǰûܽȥӦ׼׵һЩǶС˵ºɾ
˵ʮ꣬û뵽¾Ȼһֱ̫쵱С꼲֪ʱڷǫĽ䵱УһֱиɾΪλΪɾʦܣɾ˲صɶҲĵطģ
ǫĿת, ΢΢һЦͽҲδ̫˽Ϊʦ, ôҲʦ壬ôʦ岻ˣڴ֮ǰһΪʦ, ʲôʱյͽСΪʲôҪԷң
ǱߵЦݽʧɾݡ
ҵǫ˵, Ѿɨ꼡˼ļ, ̫ʱ䡣
Ȼܿĺܿ죬ֱһɼǵѪۡ
ɫ΢΢һ, Էǫʱѹͼʱȫͬһȼ, ΪҪȷǫ߳һ󾳽, ĽȴѹƸС
ɾ, һ´, գ֮ǫ󣺡Ȼشɾһ, Ҫˣһֱڵȵˡ
ǫûлشٴһ˹ȥһεĽ紺ˮȴ񲻿ɵ
꼳ֽһ£ϱѳһѺۣϴɾ٣ұ׼㵽ͣû뵽뿪ôæֻ˶εһ𡣡
ԭ˴ҷǫû뵽ǫĽϬɣȫûӰ졣
޿ԽսԼҲ޽ڷǫĽȴϢĸо𽥻ң㲻֪Ķ𣿡
شֱüĵһʦڣǱ߲Ҫȥģ߸Ҫսپ
ɫ΢䣬üǰס˾롣齣ѵͬʱ˽ʧںС
齣ѣ꼿һʱٳ֡ʣµһ
ǫתǰϴƲûдǵλɿҪʮܳһΡʱ󷨵ģӦþʧ˵һʦ
ɹǲ꣬޷ͣ£ɹǳˣҲͳ׷ˡҪǷˣԼʮæʲô
ǫ̾˿ԼΪ̫ƾͽ̫ţΪɹɰˡ

ɹǵ˺˲ͬɹɼǿȻ޸ġɹǱᣬͳ׶һ;
ǫ󻮿ʺɫѪ¶ɫɹǡ
ΰһûٱ󷨽絲סֻһ˳˿ڳڣɹһһ˳
űɹжۣ·ͷﱻڻˣȻǿгһ㡣
ǫȴֻüȲߵǰΪԼĳֵַ˼῵ѹʱ˯õǰ˺ܶࡣ
ǫĬһ£̲סһȥߵֱӷ˸棬ȴû
ķǫؽ°˼῵աļϲûж⣬һҲûоù
ǫ̾˿˿ڱϣһϵѪĸˣԭͰķɫҰ˼֣ҵıǷģ
ûϵѪۣᣬٲ档ǫߵ󷨱ԵʱٴαһסһιԱǰ污ࡣ
ǫ뽣Ѫ͵˳ϡ
ٴնֲ֣ѡܵİɢȥǫһɣϵ˿ڿʼϡ
ǫͣ£Ӽ῵·Ͼ͵ȡ˺һ飬ϣѪ˲͸ϡ̧ͷһϷ˳ƶƿϷʯڣ
ǫżԾϷǹȻּҵԺСһʦȻվڲԶķϣ·еѪۣȻܵ󷨵ķɣһŽƿӣǼῺͷǫ˱ɹǡ
ܲûп꼵Ӱ
ɾԼĺݡһʦ̧ĨȥǱѪڵ״̬ܴӳȥ𣿡
ӣǫЦһ½ῷŵһԿǰȡ²ͷϵ÷֦Сϰ÷֦һԱʱ֮裬ʱպÿϡ
ǫֽһʦûҪӡ
˦һ¾룬żһԾ˷ܣʮ꣬ǽʮ꣬ҪʸסǸкγԹּô£
ôгԹһʦܿ˷ǫĹϾǵĵ£岻ɣڰ̫ǷҲøһ
ƨǫͲµ˼῵ݣʱһʦ𣬲κĸоתһʦüģ̫ͽֻʣһǺθɣʱֵָֻˣ
һʦһ£ƺû뵽˷Ϊɵɾ˵Ļһʱ㱻ǫ̸ԴֻǱܿ
ǫƲֱָһʦĺģڶ⣬ǽµ壬ƭʵ˵Ϊʲô
һʦո󷨷ɣԩܻ꣬˵ǻ
һʦȴȫӦ𡣷ǫһʼЩ䱸ʱŹЦЦضһʦߡ
ˣˣûˡƾȳһߵķϣЦп˹ͽ˵Ķԣ̫ŵ飬ʲôʱֵˣ
סƾǶһ£գۼڷǫߣסʹļ׵˵ҵɵͽܣָʲô
ǫνֳ˳һͼúߵһʦʦٿ˾Ҫˡ
ʲôܲġƾ˵Ѿһʦ󣬽ǿнеק˳
һʦ¶˻ŵı飬ôѲɽʿŤͷź˵죡ҳȥɹǻ
·Ӧһ仰һӺȻֱ֣նһʦƿӵ֡
һֻݹǰִӺȻץסһʦն֣漴ѸջؽС
ҵ֣ҵ֣һʦŶҽгƾͷſץȻѾɢȥƾʲôûץ
ǫͬʱ嵽һʦǰȴǱѪһѸٸɱȥסһʦ켱ʵǵĿĵʲô
һʦ죬ȴʲôû˵ôԼĶһ
ǫüʶܡ
ּԺ⣬µˣаѣԺǽ֡
һָֻ״С͸СǽϷֱϡ
˺Ц͵Լļϣת뿪ԭأ߳ʮ׺ͻȻͣס˽Ųͷ˹
ĿźܿȥͷҲص뿪ԭء


37 
ƾͷյǫߣͽѽ, Ϊʦûץס˵ɫ΢ǸҲڶɽڡ
ǫһʦʬȥһʦ, ոûио˴ˣ
ˣ˵ҽ֮ǰѾˡƾһ¡
ǫҡҡͷղеȴʲôˡɲԶзϲ֮ƾǶɽڵʶ֮¶δǴ˰ɡ
ƾ񣬷ǫݸûʲô, Ҹоˡ
ƾ̾˿ǫ˹ǫְֲѱѪȾ͸ҿʱճƾǾĶˣۿǫһνӣ˼Һ޵, ϺõҩҪǮƵ˿Ϻ, ֶ˼֡
ǫǲ۵ģʦ, ̲ס˻һ, ʶ֡ƾ, һ˫צǯסǫȡɴ, ǫ󶼰˸Ӳɿ
ǫֶˡһʵһͺˡ
ΪɹҲûˣƾǿ, , һ˸ֲҲ֪ҪķѶʱá㡭
ǫٴƾǵĳƪۣʦҵҸף
ƾ̾˿ճϴ½½ȥ, 㲻Լ, ҲһΪʦ, Ϊʦô
ʦܡǫ˵겻ٴϸ״̬ƾǣߵɻ˯ļߡ̾˿Ӵ﷭˰죬ŷһƿҩ˼С
Ȼٶ㹻죬пɹǹⱩ¶󷨸ע⣬῵ɹȫûˡ
Լɹǿ޸῾ֻܿҩ̲ˡ
ι굤ҩ󣬷ǫͼΏбŵ÷֦ûȴεŻָ֦ɿ
ǫһ£ûаγɸɴطˡϱĲ࣬÷֦࣬ϲԾ͸ˡ
ƾǲ֪ʱڷǫ˵ȶΪʦã
ǫüԱһɹʧŴҲƣת־Ϳʼͣʦ죬Ҳι
֣Ϊʦû³ʲôҩƾǺҵػ˻֣׻ͽܣķǫļ򣺡Ϊʦȥ߿Ϣһ¡
ǫԳȥһ¡
û˵꣬ԺнʣعײͻȻһ¡иļ˶ʱŹײĸǰز·ʲôĴ
ͻȻײﴫһϸ΢죬֮ûأʲôط
Ƿŵ
ƾԼıͽܷǫΪ˾һСͽܰѸպϵָˣһǰֻһƣ㽫żȥĲĹײĸǰ˳ȥȻСͽžУ⧲˹⣬۾һĻҡ
ŷӦ죬ڵؾʹӹײĿֱԽ˵ǰƾǫҵ۵ˣ
ʶķǫ
·𲻴һƾǣ
ĿᶨŶƴͷ
ʱǰǫܺڻþת˼Ȧ֮ҵ˻˯еķүӡ
Żͷһʱ·жԱһþĵΣʵû̫߳ԶǾȦӡ
ܺ㿴ŵ𾪺ɻڨڨ˵СɾҲǲ㣬үҲҡСΪˡ
̧һ֣ûϵض˵ˣо֮ǶԵģһҪȥҰῺʹʦ֣ԡԲ𣡡
˵һܺĺģܺάžʧıʧԭء
Żæջ֣ؿںʮԲ𡢶Բ𡢶ԲҲΪ˾㡣
˵Ϳ˯еķүӣϸһüۣһͦϲĺʦֳһʦˣǲǾͳ
̧֣Ȼȴʵڴȥܺʱϰףǡ
ǶŴʦֵĸףʵ²ȥ֡
žʱүӿ۾ǡ˭ѽ
һʶһžԣԲǴʦֵʦܡɾʦܣȥġ
үһ£æץסŵ֣ǫ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷشʦֺܺãҲڳΡڻþ棬ȳȥܼˣֻ
˵ЩΪѵؿүӣΨһ֪뿪þİ취ǽ²ȥ֡
þүӳ˼Ƭ̣Ӱ𽥱͸
һ£ȥקүӣȴק˸ա
үƺҲû뵽Լô뿪ֻҴҽһ䣺˿뿪
ſŷүʧķЩãϥڵϣ
ͷһԼ漴۾Ѿˡ
۾ʱѾصּҡ

Ҿ۾һһͳˡųŹײģ˳ʦ֣أ
Ųһߣҵ˷ͣ˳
ǫȫȴüЩõԤСָָͤȣ漴ƾǣʦȥ¿
ƾ˼ĿŹײģոյ󷨲Լҵһ˿ϤУĲɵĵ˵ͷӦȥɡ
ǫüǵ׵ķүӣֱ뿪ּҡ
ôоôϤƾŷǫıӰ°ͣҡɽڣѵ
СͽܣƾתͷţԼһͽҲڼǰһǵؿŶԷ
ƾ̲ס̾˿ʲôôͽܣͬһ˹ˡ
Թ鱧ԹƾǻԹߵǰˣСǸģҲвˣҲˡΪʦ׼ȥһˣͷճǻ̫ţʱҪ뿪ˡ
ãػعͷʵʦҪȥʲô
ƾǿСͽܵɵûסһԴô࣬չ˺СѰɡˡ
һ£ǰѾƾǵӰ
౻۵ԴȥĶճǣ

ǫյʱͿ½ֵܣһһҵվ⣬ԭ۵İնѾӰ
ʦ֣ôǣ½һǫ۾һæ˹
½һȴһʱ俴ǫϲŵıʦôˣ
½һ¿ǫ˲ŭգʦ˭ɵģȥ㱨𣡡
ǫֽק˻ԼŪģҴһܲɣҵĶ
½㶵ָ£棬ʦͲڡ
ǫû˵꣬Ѿʧǰ
һ𡭡½ʶȥȴ½ס첲
½ҡҡͷ˵ˣôʦԼȥɡ
½˶٣̾ͷɥվڵܵߡʦֲ°ɣ
ᡣ½ͷһۣǵĴʦ֡


38 
, ̫ŵһڵԭɮ£ǫʱػʦ֡
ʦ, ߡĴ˳ɫЩʦ֡
ǫһĵļ򣬾ٲ̤
ܺڴߣӲ, ʶعͷү
ǫĿԽܺ㿴齣ճڴһ˵֣ڡ
ǫŲһ٣֪Щš
ǫ𣿡˵ſһ˹
ǫһ£ߵǰСϺϲ, һʱ˺Ƥڹͷ, ȫķʡ
͹֪꣬Բһ㿴ƻþ, ʱ򼴱ٺõĵҩҲ޼¡
ճϿŷǫ̾˿, λø˶Է, 뿪ڡܺԥһ£Ҳӵ, 뿪ʱ˳ִ˷š
ǫһ°ڴ, ס˵, Էֺ, ů˳Žĵطļϡ
ǫ΢΢һ, ʶһס
һһ, һδлᾡТһѾТˡ
ûµģҪ¡һֻķǫֱЦ۾гһ죺ǫ˾ͺã⼸ĺòѽ
ǫĬһ£Žһ֣ͷ˵ϣãһֱܺá⼸˺ܶˣǡ
ǫ߽ʮľ渵߹ɽӣķ羰һһĽԷ
˵ԼĶɽ٣ȥһһ⣬˵ǲòԼӡ֤ݵ΢Цţǣ֡ǫͻȻͷһᣬ֪Լ˵С˵ִ׶ȻţͣʱӦ͡
ǫͣƬ̣Ǽ˵ЩĿĻѹľ
ͺȫЩδĹ

ѹʱѾϣգգ۾ãȻؿܡ
ˣŶҩէһŵİһӡæסҩܵǰоô
ʶӣһŷԼһ֦÷̫÷࣬ϲ÷ֻ֦һ˶ѡ
һ£ȻʶǸ˳ԼӰĶأ
ŽҩŵһԵϣֽǫϿҩ룬ʢһҩιߣճ˵Ҫʱҩҩա
´÷֦յߣֱӽҩ˹һںȸҩ֭ǫĶ
ʦ֣û뵽Ώʦ֣ͣһ²˵ʦֻڳΣҡ
þмߣҴһԵټˣ̲סҲЩ񡣡Ҫڳһʱܻ̫졣
ʶץһ±ʲô
Ҳ֪Žӹ˵ŵһߣҴӻþʱ򿴵ʦʹʦֶڣˡҴҵճϣڻ̫·ϣӦþͿҪˡ
ʱ͸оڻ䡣
˽ˣʶȷ˸ۣǿ͵ɽǳô¶ˣ׼ȥˡ
źٺһЦҲûĲƵȥΰΰұȥ
ءƿŵ֣ȻЩҲȫ޷ߡʱһ£תߵ÷֦

ǫڰºŻص̫ţһϮ޻ͷϴŰɫТˮ
ڿɽŵСӶûҴչȥֻСһ䣺ʦ֡
ȼ῵֪ǫʱѾص˲ؾչء
ؾ⣬ڷǫչغ󣬲ؾҲ׹رڣκ˶û취ȥ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҪط˵ԼҪõʲôĴ𰸡ԭΪϴκͷǫ뿪̫źѾĵˡ
û뵽ٴλûκἰյ飬ʮ·ݶһ𲹸
ڲؾվʱֱѩͷת뿪
û֪ɾһλչضãҲ֪Լܲܵȵһ죬һλе굽׷ʲô
пǱǴĵĽΪʲôΏƬ̣ǲԾĹһĨ̵΢Ц

㲻뿪̫졣½½ֵվŵ⣬סٴ׼뿪ļΰʦ⽻չؽ֮ǰ㲻뿪ɽһ
½ȥʱոͻƽڣ½̫۷ǻ῿һۣǰ˹ȥסҡ
½˹ӰһתںһŲϣҾͿʦܣ
һ£ԥֵı飺ΰʦֲ뿪϶ĵҪȲвУҩûء
῿ǰŲаԶĽü
Ա½ŸϷ룬½˵Ķࣺ̫죬һ˵ʦš
ûȤȻѾ֪ǴĶûԴУѾװȥһˣֻǡ
Ώͷۣ½Ƶţ
һֱƿ½ĽΰҲ
½ֱӰγ彣ڼǰ
ʱͻȻ߽ԺУΰ㡣
˵Ķһ٣Ŀ⼯ڼϡ
֮⣬ʱˣЦһ˵ҹȥ
ĳĬһ£Щ˵òҪȥʦֲϣȥġ
һ£üġ
ļһɵıյ˵Ϊ𣿻Ϊʦں
Ļû˵꣬ͻȻǰסĵļ򣺡ˣ·ɡ

ƾ뿪̫֮ճݴһְʱھл͡
ةһߣƵغ˿裬㽫豭ŵһԣճϣ»عģǵġ
ճϲɫػظүŪ˰ɣ̫ʲôʱչӵܣ
Ǹм῵ĵӣة˵ĳ˼飬΢΢𣺡굹ǿۡ
ճüƺ˼˭κ˵ݱ֪Ǹ῵ĺӲǹ¶үŪˡ
ûжۣճϽة˵͵һӣϵĲ豭һΣ˵ճϺµɾкһ±ع
ճϵɫȻǳں˵˵Щʲô
ûк˵˵ЩةЦһ²ؼ˵ɾ״Ӧòֹһɣͽܾ꼷ʦΪȻֲ̫ˣǡ
½͵ƿŴ˽ʦִδչͽ


39 Ҫ
վ̤ǰ, 鵲ǰޣߵıҶýס˲ӡ
̧ͷվǰݳϣݳʲô˼
ݳΪһֿĳ, ȴ޵ģȻȥߵ޹ء
ῷֺãΪҶġ
ǲɵҶ弱ֱţ̫ˣǻһҲɣ
üĬͺҶ岻ں˵һ
ҶǰСһôһתͷŭ˭ȥģ
һ, ȴܿҶĿ⡣Ȼ̫죬Ϊ١ԼһǻѪ˳ȥȴȫȻ˸ĸ塣ȻҲҪӡ
οȰˣ˲
Ҷһۣתͷΰȴ̧ṳ̋š
ݳ̧ס῵ȥ·ȥ
ݳ, ǲݵġתͷݳ, Ŀ˵ּңĸ, ǲּҺլ
Ľأָ, ǰһ
ݳһ, ῴ˰벽ݳһЦ, һЦԵÿʣ̫, ֲҰ
˰վûһ䣺װʲôװ, ӲȥǸ̫鷳ΪҲֻ˵˵ģ
˵ĺãҶ԰ѽ˻, ̧һƣʦܣ
ı, Ű, Ϊʦ֣ȥ
ῳĬãĿⲻǿκ˵ģԽ˿̫š̫Ųּҡһ
ŵ漾ȥӰ
ݳϿһԼıͽܣҶ˵ͷ˼ῡ
ĳվ·ڼԶҲ뿪ˡΪվ˶ӣҪϿϵǰ׼
ȼ˶뿪ݳתͷķüͷ˴֡

ڣ½ס½ةүҪ˵ʦִδչͽԪӤڵͽܡ˵ĴʦݺҸ޻̸֮ʦֳ̫ڣʱҽӴ
ɲ˵ةЦһ£˵ɾǳˣİտɶ֪ǵʦͽݡ
ݺңǿɱةĿɨ⣬ûгЩɨˣѼߡ
˵˵½һŭ֮£ڴֱӰγ彣
磬侲һ¡½ʶתס½Ȼѳʣֱָة
ةһ˿Ц۽Ƴճϣ̫Ĵ֮
ճϳһ½ֵܣȳȥ
ճϻδ䣬ةȴǽӵһɫʱЩŹ֣ˣȻ϶²ȸˡ
˵⹰һת뿪ةߵʱ㿴ݳϺһȺޣɫ˦
ݳϼ˻ӿޣةóһ·
ةߵݳʱ΢΢һ½Ų̫ű̫ſ˵׻Ҫҵĺ
ݳϲûлشֻһƣȵة뿪һǱ׷ɢȥճϴ½ֵܴӴ˳պÿ޳ȺӵıӰճ϶ʱЩε̾˿ʲô
ݳϰ̫ŲۡǳΣ֮»
ҲûбҪھֱ˺֪ʦʲôʱܻճεҡҡͷȥް
½½ճ½ãؿ½ճ˵ʲô
ճǲˣԼȥ췣㣬ھν㣡
½Ӧǡ˵תͷؾķɫЩǳҲ֪ʦʲôʱܳ

º󣬷ǫȪ۾
ǫ̲ס˸չصʱƵС
ϾһʮʱУʮʱ˯ŹȥġɹһḶ́δʹ࣬˯˷ûио
һ˯²֪ĸо
ǫȪȪˮ˳ڷһ·ȥŽߵʱ˿˿һ㽫ϵˮ뿪ͣУӨ財
ǫڰߵİչϣҲ֪ǲĴܾһͻƵ۷ʱΪԣֱԭʯĴһ롣
̫ԼŲؾ嵱У˵Ӧó
ǫüȸʦƾǷһϢȴûеõκλӦ
ǫһ½ȥϢûлӦ
ȪߵʯͷϣһϵĽߣɹʱı֣ܳˡ
ؾķӡǼµģɹδȫ֮ǰû취뿪ɽ벽ǫ룬Ӵ﷭һľϣָΪС˵ģֻһεıһػҪģٶûˡ
ǫҧָ⣬һѪСľ˵ͷϣСľ˶˶첲ȣЩ׾˳ȥߵſڵʱ򻹻ͷ˷ǫһۣôɵش˸кȷǫĻӦ
ǫػ˻֣Сľ㣬һһ뿪˲ؾ塣ǫӣΪԼѪСŻôá

ʱ̫С
Žƿһ죬СؿңûڣŴŷ˽ȥ
վǰִʳ̫Ź棬϶
ΰȥѹ֪һС·ԴӺɽ뿪̫죬һ㵽ڴ㡭
ͷҲ̧дһ֣ͬʱŵĻʲô
桭һ˵©죺ûʲô
ü࿪ʾһԼϵΪȫѹסˣҽ⿪
ԴӼǰة뿪ճϾͽῴطһǧŹ澲ģ֮ǰö
áʶӦȴ־е㲻ԣԥؿΰһҲܸһߣɽ֮ǵαװ
Ὸ±Ƚ⿪
Թ԰＾´⿪
ܽ⣡
һʶ⡣ͼ½ı˽ҵĺʦܣ
ŻæվڼǰʦֶԲ𡭡ֻǺ¡ܲܲѰ´ȥ
˭˵Ҫȥˣ̫ܽĶȥ½ѽһֱȥǷܵģ
῿˿ϱ½˵ֳüĿؿ½
Ҹ½ڨڨӴȷʵô鷳ԼֱȹصĻܸŵܵȥǰ档
ûⱻ壬ֻǿ½ôˣ


40 
̫, ˾ۼ
һɫĽγ̫ͣ۵λáɴأڵеĿ塣ֻеӰ˶̫˾ûһҳ𣿡
˵, ģϢƽȡɽⲢˣ̫ŵߣֻҪ, 㲻ĻҶָ˵ģ̸ܶҲʵڲ˵Ĵ֮
ճ϶һˣⲽɽŶһˣڳԵԶ̫ţҲв̫춼׼ҡճϵĿͣǶɫĽγϣЦ֪λۼڴ, Ϊ£֮, дܡ
Цһ˿ϳ˵Ǻõġճϣ뽫λʵ, Σ
ճһ̾, ȴ˿ԣүŪˡ֮½֪Ҳ, ̫֮л֮ˣ
ɴʺִһ̾Ϣɴ˶ƺᴵ˵, ̫ʲô֪
ճɫ䣺ˡϷ޶, µ˼
ô, ܸ֪ˣ
ճһʱԡ̫֮ɱ
ճֵ֪ġȻˡɴ˵Ȼһ, ĳĳʼҵ̫Žʼӽ
δ, ˱ߺ˵, ǻ𲽱ƽ̫ţڣǽ̫ΰǱҪѹ̫ڡ
ճȻһֳֳңȴһöķХŶǰеĽŲǰ
λĪ̫šճϻеĳ䵭̫ѾãֻһܾȺѪͷļһ﾿˭пף̫ţҲᡮκһ̫ӡ
ϵճϵŭȼΪߵߵһ
һֻ᣺ϸ紺СȴһݵľɫŮΪɴˡ
漴һò뼾߷ƵԽγ߳ʶؽ££ȼҪü¶һɵ
ӣӺ巡
̧üۣӷ޶ãԻỤ
ʼûз³ճϣ΢΢һЦ̵ɣ磬Ȼݽߣֻ̫һУϾ֮·̫죬ҪִΪУ
ôһñӡݳһ´˳߻һ˳߸ߵĴߣʺɫšҴδ˵һܵģΣǻѵͲ𣿡
巶һ٣̧ݳϵĿ漴šһĴָϴŵİָ
ݳϲû巵Ŀ⣬ɨӹڳˣšɽɾ޳ҡҡһĵȫôָ̫˵Լвôڲ̫죿
һ䣬ڳ¶ԥı顣
ճε̾˿ʦܡ
ʦֲض˵ݳһȡһǹڵϣҪսս

ῼ½ûлش𣺡Ҫˣ
½ҡҡͷ῿ţҲҡͷֹҵˣ
½Եɴ۾ΰô
ӵ£ɲֹҵаټ֮ࡣ
˭½ֽźͼǰ棬䱸ؿ⡣
һֳ׳ѵṫӴ˽΢΢һЦ᲻صس弾һ񣺡Сӡ
ȻǵּԺǸˡ
½ЩŴΣδǰˣγ彣ʲôˣΪʲôҪ̫
ȻΪ˵¶ġ˵ʱĿӹţЩŹ֣Ҳֻ˲ƿôĶңҪһ
ʲôüţ͸˵ΪϢǱ̫ŵΪҲ̫͡
˵ͬʱϵһɫ𽥲ʳ
˺ͺػشʼɣ˽԰̫Ҫһ
ϻôʲô½ֽ˹ȥżҲһȭ
Цһ£𳤵Ѵһ¡
ûзκ½ȴסһͣԭȫ޷ƶ
˿ΰͷϵĺ΢΢һ㶣漴ӿ촵ӵĽࡣ

СľԭǱɽȥģôþȻһӶûп̫ĳˡ
ʵЩż̫ǰӦѾܿ˲Ŷԡô£
СľЩ˵޿ɱܡʮʲô
Сľ˸һæҡҡͷԣȻܱܿһȻԡ
ֻҪһ죬;κ˽̫죡
СľܵһʱȴͻȻϤĵּʱҲ
ĪѾǱ̫쵱У
Сľͣһ£Щؿ˿ɽŵķ漴תͷš
ˡΪʲôͷȫȣôʵ̫ˣ
Сľȵڵ֣سš
ϵʱպÿһݶ
СľͺͺͷϤļӸСȻһ̾ͼͼῳֽԾһӵˡ
СľһԴϴιû˵ʱҲּңǲ֪ΪʲôʦûзֶԷ
Ϊʦ֮ϣôֻпǶԷĹر
ôһСľ˵ûмڹȥվαװԼҲһ֦˼ƬҶӽԼʵΨ¶һԴŴ뼾ΰ°Χۡ
ûôױСֱӳȥҲûʲôã˵ġ
ܿСľ˱㷢֣˵ÿһɼ´ƵĶͣ٣῵Ľ޷˵½ǣһֱվͬһطûƶ
û취ˣͬҲûа취¼ΰÿεᱻϵס
ӾΨһĽֶΡԡĵӻô
СľվڵңҵһպÿԿסڵʯ顣
СľԴҿ˼ۣ˱ȾЩԶϵ㾫Ѫ²֧ʯͷ׼
Сľ˷ʱͿŷӷ浱а˳
Сľ˿ЦһֻϧԼû죬Ⱥ˰벽ܣһԾֱŵļϡ
űȵһ㶣תͷоԼԴһ£Լơ
в֪ʱһСʯͷֱſ̬Сʯͷ˲䱻ӷ˳ȥ
ûпϵСľҲһģһơ
öСʯͷ׼شѵһˣȻһ١῵ĽʱͬƳ谭㣬ֱֱ˵ĺ
ʯ֮䣬ֻǽƿ磬Ŀ⿴ţţֳ
῵Ľͣǰ


41 ֳ
ȷʵһһĸͬĸ٬B, 꼾ῼľּʱ٬BҲչˡῼǵܳȥʱ, ٬BܻڲԶĵطǰڶĬĬԼİ
˵Ҳᴵѣῲ٬Bļ, ּ⵽ɱʱεķȻŵǰ͸һĽС
ῶ٬BûʲôĽ֮飬һʩģģȴǰˣ
῵۽ǶʱһƬɺ, ͬҲΪһ١ϧֻһ˲, жԴϢĻᡣеʯӱ㵹
῵Ľ͵ǰʱ, , ֹס˼῵Ľơݼŭ, ⶼµҲǰֺ
ǫû͵, Сľ˿һֵĻ, Сľһᷭһ׼İۡһֻЧһ, ĵӶֽžôˡ
˵Լ˭ţ
Сľ˶Ƭ, ̧Դһ, һ»ָж
ŸĹעոշʲô, Ŀضˡ˵ֳ
ǡôأѾ
ǣٿΣòȷʵϤǸֳе߷񡭡
ʶǰһȴˤڷ浱С·ʧֻ꣬һͷ֮ȥĻţ
СľŵļҲһģЩ˦ȥԼղһǰˡûôûɵĿܡŶһ
Сľһ㷢˲֪ʱѾƵͼ͵Ϯ½СľѰ˼һ£ŵļ
½ЩǱոʱպñҵ컨棬ò״ƬϢϻһ
СľЩؿ½Ŀȣ½ϢȫעͻȻקסŰҽţЩˤΣиǾ˵ǲһûҲΪʶػͷȥȴûκˡ
½Щ飺˭
Сļ̌ͷקһ½Ŀʾͷͬʱҡ
½ɴ۾ϲʦ֣
Сľ˸æһƣ½һˡ
½ˣ̴Сľһ˵Ŀֶⷢǰ㵽˸εĵطѸٵضٿСľˣϲ羴
Сľȴ˼½һٶ֪ΪξҲžһסľƵĹؽ졣£ô㣬Ҳûκʲôö׵ģľͷԴҲסˣ
Сľûٿ½ȥʦô죿
СľҲܳΪʲôĲ½½ûбİ취˵Ĺ⣬Ψһİ취ǰѵ
ãȥ½Ŷȥ͵ϮڻдʦԼߣ½ıӵĦȭƱ׼ʦֵȥӡֻǲվСľ˱һγסĿȡ
ǫʵںԼСľʱôô͵ֵı鶼չ֣޴½֪Լçײıӣ㿿
½ֶ˻ȥô죿
Сľ°ͳ˼һ£ȥ
ã½Ӧһ֮žЩԣոյĴʲô
Сľק½·Ծϣקס½ͷʣµĽҡ
ģұػ͵ǰ½һЦٶزأνӺ󷽴ˡ
½ǰ㶼˵ƿ֮Уٶأ˸з缲㣬½Ĺ˲ס
У̫Զˡ½ҧҧǿд߶ڵǰ˰硣ǿеƣ½оڵһ㱩ӿԼ֫ٺԵسײԼĽǡ½ٿƲסŻһѪ
ͬʱСľ˴ðͷƱ׾ľͷȽŲ½еĳ˶ȥ˫ֿ˺ĵӣȻ˺ŶͬʱľʵֱۺݺݲӵУηһľƤ
һƺֻʣ˼Ὼ½ϵѹҲȻʧӶῺ½ϵѹ˲ʧˡ½˿һƨڵϣ῵ĽѾ̵ǰ
˵Ӱȴһʧգ֮Ѿŵ
ƺź֪ԼһСľˣһק֮¾ûקҲСľƺЩΡЩü ɰСһǵģ
Сľ˷ǫ¶ģԺĵʱһҪһСľˣÿСľ˶һҪȫ۾졣ޱ棬ʵ̫ıˡ
˵Ļ䣬ͱŴӺס˲ӣϲº͵鸴ҲԵЩƣ˭
磬㲻𣿡УȫûнŵǵȷУؿϿɻа㵲һˣ뿴𣿡
ŵֶ˶˽ҲԶֻЦſţ󳶿Լ½󡣵ϣһ˰̺Ȼǰ
ĲšĿͣ˰˵زݸһЦţ㳤ˡ
ܡ῵ֳ䣬ָˣһһ˵Ѿˣǰԣ㵽˭
Ц
һն£˽ɫ⣬һɺ
һ£ֵӲǽס˼һҾ٬BĸŮ˻Ҵؼҵģ𣿡
һԲٴδ˹ת֣õϵСľȥӼ῵Ľ
Сľѵûһ£ֻûܳԼҪһŶ㿪˼῵Ľ档˷輾῵ĽԼ˼Ķ
Сľ˳תͷΰֻôһ̼кڻ򡣶ҴôˣΪʲôû˹ʲô
Сľ˲ⵢʱ䣬ֻԥһ˲ɸɴؽż῵ĽնԼֱۣڵͬʱֱȻը
һ£ٿʱϹȻһơ
˳Сľһۣһ۵ʱ伾῵Ľ̵ǰδѾƤһѪۡ
ǧһ֮ʣץס˼῵ֱۣһ£
һԾͣҲҶģǰǡ
ЦһӰʧԭء
ɫһ䣬׼׷½ͻȻһʦ֣
ʶعͷͼ½Сľ˱Էһ۵˵Բ𣬶ûб㣡
Ŭ⣬ȴ·ػСľˣӦðѲһȫȣ

̫ŵУԭȦÿҪһ̲ס˻̲סݺݵһġ
ԥʲô
˭һعͷͼ˲֪ʱ˺󷽡
ͷһЦǸ˱ļ˻ҪҪ㳢ʧȥ˵ζֳһʹˡԼġ
ĵһ˴ŴǱرܿĿ⣺֪ôòܽҡ
ǿɲСһЦһ󣺡Ѿʧȥһˣݲõڶ
Ķһ٣ܿʧȥǡ


42 
ʦ֣߽½, ½Ŀ⣬һϸǸСľˡ
СľȻһĨʶ, ȻǸˣ
῵ĿűԼնϵֱ۶ҲŹСľ˱һ飬ʶƴҡͷϣ漴ýǸһԼԴûб, Ҳóİˡ
ֲСԼղڸ
½СľҡͷԴģʮ󡣵ҲСľ˲ü֪ݣٿʱӲʦָ˻ȥô죿
ȥ⡣Сľԥһǳ˳½½̽Сľ˹ڼ羱֮䣬׼ʱ, ȴСľͻȻתͷļ˵
ޱ顣Ȼ鱻ľͷԼ, ƾʲôһľͷĻ
СľȻ֪῵Ƣԣֲһ䣺, 㿴, ׼, ׼ӽš
ǣŻڻ㱵УûСľ˵ĻȫӦŷӦԼղŴӦʲô, ٿʱЩԥ, ȴӦ˵һῴü῵ġ
ҡҶ, ųһ, һ䣺, Բ, ҸոաЩ¡
ۿɺܣϣǸǸ磬ġ
ţš
῿šůЦּһʱһֱԼʲôóԵĺĶҪּ֡ûˣʧȥ˸ĸҲйκν٣ּʱһ
ǫ֮ǰҲڱǫߺŶΨһεˡ
ŵļ򣬾½׼ĴСľʱתֱļժСľˡСľ˴벻˳һץ½Сľ˳˼ͷ
½һһԼĺ󾱣һͼСľ˶ʱѾСľ˳ԼǰУ¶ľͷԴ
СľȫˣԵ̧ͷȥȴּҲüǻ˻һҲչ˰ʵСľôе죿
Сľ˿ʼĥԼղԴһǲɵˡ
룬ӴͳһֻСľˣؿֻȣֻСľֻǶһ˵üҲǿס
Ÿˡ½ҲһôʦֻиڼƾʲôûУ
Сľһ֫ȫС飬ͼӼ῵ĻСľ˼ῸоӽԼĲ룺ģ
Сľ˳Ƭ̣ͻȻԼҲǸľͷ̽С״ֲˣô
ּҷ῵ıЩӣԣȷġ
СľȻûлش῵˼˼ԭּңֲó֮ұʧȥټ
´ֻСľԼؿǰƺ˿жΣΪʲôҪ
ǶϷһüͻȻ˹Сľƺһ£а֣
ʶսеľˣǲ֪Щʲô
Сľһæ˵֣ˣ
ʶϵȣʱĵ˹ΰճ㡣
мҴң߽Ժȴһ¡ݵķݣֿǱߵˣôˣͬŽֹ˽
Ȼû˽½ʶشһ䣬תƺкβסקס῵ֱۣģĿӣʦôҼΰڲִ𣿡
ƺʦܹȥʵЩĿ½קż῵ͣһ£ʦǲң
½ü˵ʦȻǲҹüῴţҲȥ
ճģһͬȥǵʱǡѾǵ߲ߣüȻЩͷ
ῳ½ĵĶԻʱǸѾʧȥжСľ˷ŻصУʲô
ɫӵĿΰǵӣ
ǡ῱СľĮؿģ޹ء
üɫЩŹ֣ͻ޹أô
ЦһҴδǣδˡ
˵ŵͷСľˣСľһãȻ̧ͷ˹ȥ
ϧֻԼģ˵㲻ǣҲš̾˿תȥ߰ɣʱˣճϻڵ㡣
Ļûվȵһ͵Ϯʶżܻʦܣʲô
һãԡƽＫ³ç½ʱҲѰνǰ뼾һָͬġ
˽಻ȻԴУֻڶ˵Χ֮£˵úǱȴƫƫÿһ˿
ҲˣƽӴʦΪż񣬽ʦƣɲ㡣ţôܱܿ˵Ľ
ģ˵֮һЦЦ˵Ĺ죬ȴٶܣײ
ǧһ֮ʣڼСľˣͻȻ˳һ£ģֻǱ˿ˡ
һ£΢ƵĽУǰԽػġ
ڴͬʱһӺ󷽹סΰ͵ؽקһС
ΰ
ʦ֣
½һæȴ˸ա
ô죿žɲؿ½
½ҲЩͷۣܶ־Եģû˻֪ҪôʦҪǼῶʱﻹŴʦ֣ȥʦ

ʱ̫⣬𽥻̫ȥͷֻܶһ£ǰȥҵ
վ˴ӵ֮ǰƺͷȣһ̧֡ǵɧͣȻƽȣ𣺡֮ףʵģЩǸûһˡ
ݳЦһүΧ̫⣬е֮ףϣ̫ôǸм῵ĵӣǾ뿪̫죿
ȻᡣЦһ̫컹δ̫̲ܽǳĻˣȻҲҪЩ֮׵ȣ°ƽϢ
ݳͫ΢Ŵ˻ү˼̫
΢΢һЦݳϻġ
巵Ļһ䣬˸Ӧ
ԣ
Ӽΰ
ĿġݳЦһָ巣룡
תһ°ָ̫ϧˣĽ̫Ծãȴʢ֮¡ˡ
Ļһ䣬һâֱӴ̴Ķˡ
ճɿ֣ˮүڮ̫졣
תָĶһ٣̫¶ΪˣȻˡ
Ҳ֪һҵ˦һ³ǳɱ
һһ̫š
ӺЦһŮƿ˻ȥ
ľѳֻۣҪֱɡ
Щһɵˣ涼ûӡȤ
巰ؿ̫ŵķСBεĶЩѽ


43 
˿˿, һżΰֻҪ¶, ڵ̬ơ
ʶ㽫Сľ˻ڻУȴСľ˴һ¡δԼгһҲܱСһأȻһʮҲ׷ѵοУ̶ڳ˵ꡣ
Ȼɿĺʱ, Сľ˿ӿݵġҲûκһ˿й¶ı仯Ȼ˸ʵǰǼڵһ֪Сľ˱̲סЩɣôôԹͷ
ῳĬһ£㷽ǫ˵ҲϵóϾԹ˽ʮʱ䡣
Сľ˿ư۲ӣ˾䣺С㶼ߴʮ, ǻôԹ, Сʱж
ֻרĴ߶Լ, ס
ƺоԼҪ˵©, Сľ˻װģһ䣺ôһβ, СʱƢһãûҧˡ
Сľ˵Ҳڼ῿ЩЦ, Լȷʵҧٿڡ˿̶ԸЩԹ, ǿ໥, ûٷĴˡǶ, ֪Զǽ, Ȼһ
ԸоԼ½еСľͻȻһ, ·ûһ»ȥæֽ̧Сľ˶ס˲û£
Сľ˹һŻָõ۹ס˼῵½˻ȥһľͷʲô£
ῶ˶٣ͻȻʵϵǸľˣǲǻлû˵ꣿ
Ҳ˵Ǹʱ򡣡Сľ̾һΪȫȴûϵнôһ֪ˣҵͲˡ
֪ҪңЩ⣬˶٣ֻΪֹҵҡΪҪصؽҳ
Сľ˳ĬƬ̣Ȼû죬ȴʵЦǲˣԼһɣܲסһӡ
ֲһ䣺ͷѪСľ˵Сұĳңϸзʧټ
Сľ˵еԭӦġһǰͻȻʧȥĸӦĴѰûҵСײصĶȥˡ
һֱСľ˵ֱ˵ſʵ㵱ȡͷѪΪ
СľЩεԴľͷӵĻ˵ٹԣǻѾ˵Խ͵ֻܲмƢԣһһʮ˵ˣҲֻʡοֻ˵˭ţ
Сľ˵ûʱļΰزѡŷǫϾЩ̫ˣ˭Ԥ֪δ飿ǫô֪Լݵģ֮ǰԼĺþʲôĿģмġ
Ҫǣô˵ģ
ѾСľ߷֣Ҳֽ䱸ȫһ֣һҪĸԸľ֡
СľۿٴͣӲת˻⣺Ƚ֮ҵҪĳҵ˭ֵΪʲôץ㲻ɡ
ῲ
Сľ˺ԼľͷԴ벻ܺƽһĻ⡣뼾῵ͻȻ𣺡Ӧ֪˳ûɹǡ
ƽȣȴȭͬҲڷԼҪⲻǾ֣ȥһ
Сľ˲ûв῵̾˿˵ѹҪɹˡ
ͻȻְסСľ˵ԴȻɿ״̬ĸоͣˡ˵
ʲôĶĽɫ
ôʲôˣ
ҲҪţһЩ
Сľһ´ΰ½
ȥܹԶԼԼţڹ㳡ǰһɵӡ
Сľ˷˿˵ǰôûˣԭ
˭ǣ½˹ͬʱԭŨĽϡ
㣿ôҸأ½һ··ܵǰһǰСľˣʲô
ȼΏش˱Χһǲ֪ΪʲôΧ̫𣿡
Ϊǰļΰǻȴ˽ɣ磬𽥶Ͼ
Դڡ٬Bʶ߬֡
٬BһЦ˵ŵ˵ȻҪһ˵Ҳˣѵһ㶼𣿡
֮Ͼζ;жϡ̫еȻδϾҲȴ⻰һ
٬Bо˵ĶҡŵŵҲ
̫ӱӦԼͣκ٬BԵľӢʱȻûеӣЩȴȻйƻ֮Ч֮ƣֻ٬Bоݡ
ȺУ˳ʣ໹ŽȴĿ⿴ס
ƳһۡЩ̫ӵѡ⡣δ̫Ŵõʱ䣬Щ˸޹ʣԼ֮ôѡǺ
Цһ߳ͻȻӼ῵Ļﴫ˳һ㶣ʶؿеСľˡ
СľȻֻ˵֣ȵÿ˵ĶСҵޱϤ߳ͬЩʦֵĳɨ˵ļʱˮһصÿ̫ӵС
뼾֮䣬Ȼվš֮Īʦֵĳ֮䣬Ǹǫѵ
̫ӷ׷ʦ֣Ǵʦˣ
̫ʲôʱ䵽ҪƽˣСľ˴ӼΏ˳ֱ˼῵ļһƤǲǣ
ȻΪʲôʦֵһСľ˵ϴ̫˻ĵͷٸҺͼῶӡ
̫ϯɾ٬Bٴδ˹ԭˣҲȤϧ±ͬͳȥˣȻˣҾһ̰ɡ
һ䣬ܵٴŨһ̫
̫ӾĹˣʲô
ΪʲôܿСľʶץס˼῵ͷ˵жٸӣ
ʶСľ̻ص˻Уܿѡˡ
ɫӵĿȷ֮ѪǴӺζΪʲôԲٿأ

Զ
Сľֻһжϳݳޡ
ûлشֻǾܡŽƶԽԽ˱˽
ô£
ʲôʲôң
½ҲȺУò׽ٹЮƶˣĵķסߵˣۿʱϳճϡճϣ
ճϻųü½ôˣô£
ǡ½˵ͿһճϵĺģСģ
˵ʶճϵǰ桭
ͬʱ
Ŀбڽӵе۾ˣ΢΢һЦ
СBôô


44 
ͣ, Щ̫ȴԹû῵ֻƬĽٿκ, Ҳκ졣
ʶһԼļָһؼӲ⻬ľȣһ롭Լߡ
СľȴֻȫƾΪǿšľ̥֮Ȼûɹ, СľֻܾԼ뼾һˣ춯ҲࡣҲˣСľ˶ԽĶǸУʲôҷʲô
Ҳͷ˹ȥӸŤһ룬㱻ͻɽһѹ
, һӰʵ, þò
̫ųѩ˵Ѿһ, ë, ȴǾ, һֻɵů¯ݣ·ЩԹûκθϵ
˫ۿż, еЩӡڸ, ȴֲزס۵׵ļޡ
ͬǻ, ƾʲôͬ
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һ̾šŰָ˵:ʵô˵ɾ̫ˣСʱһء
ûлش𣬳ɭȻʣһ޵Ľ
ɫ䣬һ㣬û֮УʳѾˣ𣿡
һʱ䣬
СľһʶΏꡣ῵ֻסؿڵСľˣһǰĽһΣƺıĽɢ΢΢ЦšһŨĺƺζ
Ȼ󣬼ῲſ塣һźʬʬսһȦ·Ѿ˵巵ͷ¡Ӵӳ£ԵС
·ԣɫǵ۾˼ΰûɱҲûзŭƽ˵һƬš
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Ὸ˵ʲôһȳķײῳһ񣬽ŽƱܹʬɨĳβһվȣ῱ְ˰Լؿڣû°ɣ
û¡Сľ˵Դ¶½֮⣬Ҳ㿴˸ôЩϤ
ῲԡ䱸ʬĪԼͷ顣
оõڣѾãǱǿд߶ΪȴѾʧȥдг˷ŭʹࡣ
ôһ˲䣬῾ԼڵҲΪŭڣҪƻһС
֣ʬ˶ڷֱǰˣȻ˳صͷ己ḧһ󣬼ῸоĵıŰѹҲƽ
Һܺ档ͻȻż˵㲻УΪʲôԣʵܿԻش⣬ǱԱ㲻Σ
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Сľ˶ǵԱǰ˼⡣
ֻ£Ȼһʻĺʱ
Сľü῵֣ʾһû뿪漴ŰѹСľ˻һΣŻȻñ˻ŵĸоʵܺá
ֻǿľͷҲܻԼŵӵȫŵĵӣθɣôϴڵɹǲã׼һأ
Сľ˳ɹǣס巵עϸʱºʹʱҵȫޣȡ֮һ˿ΪɹǣǻΪ˼˱ľأ
뼾ῸûԼģվԭһ
Сľ˲ȴͻȻῴ˵ȫǰʬٿأǧСġ
Сľ˵겻һ㶣Ҳ԰ٿؼܶȥĶУľͷԴǹȥˡ
ʬ³һϢһ
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Цһĵ˵أһöͼִ֣ǣʱ䣿
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Сľͷ˶˶ţ˫Դչأٱչؾĳˣ˵һԾȥͬʱӿش߶
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ῳһȷȴδʬ֮ڡݺ̤һ˾죬ͷһʹ̣а֮Դȴ޷Ӧһ˦βɨԼͷļῡ
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Ƿǫȴ˭
῾Լĺ·ǰ˶ߡƸܵĿ⣬ǫͷżЦһ£۾ƺƬǺӡ
ʶԷǫֻ֡һҲԡ
Ȼǫȴ͵һƣûΰһ㽫˳ȥֱ֮ȥڼῳ׿֮ǰǸ͵ƿԼˣβɨɢ
һƬ⣬ǸЦѵᣬнֻüͣƬ̡
ѱƳƬ漴ǰĽ̮һʧһ۱ϳ̫ǰ¡¡ʬ겻ɢѹ롣֪֮ɷǫĻôһֱϣ
Լؿڣֻտյġ·ԼõĶͻȻʧȥˡ
ĿˡΨһΣͻȻô궼δйĹ¶塣

ؾ壬Ȫߡ
бھʯϷ·˯ķǫ͵˫ۣŻһѪ
Ǽһ֣ǽΪǿѹʧȥˣ⵱ζȴҲܡʮһǣڸղһ˲ҲѾȫʧ
ֲϰߵġǫü漴̾˿
ֲ̧ȥ˴ߵѪüŵķĩ΢΢һֽ̾²ؾ⣬ܶĲܾܱܵĿġ
һΣʦƾǲŵС
µ
̫Ŵʦ֣Ҳýˡ


45 ˪ѩ
῿ٻص̫, ֮⣬ּ洫Ĵ, 
ῼǰɾһĵطѾѪɺӣϱ۲кʯϡеԹأ̫ҲӰ, ŵ˲һɱ۵ļơ
һ۱㿴Ⱥе½š
ʵ½ֵܽӴ̫֪࣬Ϊʲôһ۾ͷֱǰ½
Ȼƽһ侲½ʱ·ɵһ㣬нһˣҾ֮һ
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ǷǫչǰģǸ˵ĽԴΏһš
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һΰ
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ݳϴ˷ǫۣѾǽ۷ƽԪӤڡݳ΢΢һ㶣һףٸһʱΪɽһˡ
ֻǰ·ƱرøӼѡݳϳ̾һûٶԡ
ǫչӥԥһ˲ɻصݳߣǫѾ߽˽Ũĵط

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ȻûеȶãԶ㴫˽Ų
̧ۡŻ뼾ῼԼΣϻû꣬ĺûʵܱǰ巿ھϣϸԷ
ܵܵǺмƣǼҵֶ۵׵ĺ͹¼һ㲻١
ôһָоʵܺ죬ƽƽڹֵܿøĻϲΪԼľС
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῿һ۾ŽĿתƵϣҸߣˣ뿪̫죡
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ԥ뼾ȥǵӳ῱ɫ
һμûٰνܣվžƽֱӺ˫ۣ
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һ
ƺһʹţĺ벻ʱ˲佫ûһʱֲǲԼѾ˾һ֡ãֻмͷĥ
úޡȥ꣬ȴ߸ǵС
úޡ뵽Ǹ˵ȥǸˡǸ˲Լ
úޣúޣúޡ
῵ĶƬ亹ӿԹŭŻ֡ϵ쳣῵Ƕ·ҪûþԼһźǵģҪҵǸˣǸòȥɹ̫ˣǸὫµƤЦ˵ƻκķµˡ
ǸѾˡ
ͷβֻڱƭѣ
Թƺӿˡʶػͷűˡ
巺Цϵ𣿡
ǸˣǸѾ˺ףʬ嶼ֱģ
ƺ޷˺ѡޣʹࡣӿ˽ͬʱҷɳȥӴȻɵϿա
巻ûر㱻٬BסˡɫҰףƿ٬BȻȡһذ׸Լġ
գաѪζþƽǵĻɫ˫۸ǻްȻһ˼ῡ
һ
ȻԼǰķǫոտյķ·һ˲䱻ˡ


46 
㲻ڱչѾˣ
СľҲ
ЩǾʵ
ôһ£
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ǫûôʱȥעĳ̵ֻǧذתھٴγʱ, óһŽֱС
һ˲βһ˦ֱ˵档
֮УСģؾǸò޲ֻͬǽɫͫһƬҡ
أ״һϳ˴Ƭƣߺ建ת, Ŀ㶨巵ϡ
úǸ˰ԡǸˣ
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ǡȻ, ǫȴǶġͬ̾Ϣ, ţ˴δȥûڵʮס, ֪ϲ, ʳ, еߡ
ͣ˽Ų㶵ؿǫ, ˵ÿһ仰, Լļл
һϲ, ߲ſԳԹӣһΪʲôҪвˣֱĪ
ÿһʱͻʧһ죬ٻʱܻ⣬ÿξôһ㣬رС
Сֻرͺ٣ֲ뿪̫Զǫ˵ţ߽˽˫ɫƺЩ΢ȴɻ󡣽Ų΢΢һ٣ʶԼĿڣҲд˵깲ʱĸо
ÿһζ˯֮ŸҴҴȥأҪ֮ǰ
죬õ·˺һƣΪʲô
ǫͣһ΢΢һЦΪ˯ϡ
ͻȻЦһ֪ΪʲôҪһ˻ţ
ǫ̾˿Ϊ᲻á
᲻ԼСҲ᲻ӵ˸
һҪеǸѡԼ
ججô꣬Ȼһʱ䷴Ըٴγ˯뷽ǫĽ̸УƺҲڻλ
عͷһֱŪԼ࣬ĺ󱲣δйãĺθɣ
Խһο˵ݡʱƺ𽥻ָذױȥ٬BüһǰԷͻȻ
Ѫζһʵϣ巵ѪõģһЩĽֳٻϵƤƺҲһ䣬¶еۣۿζٱˡ
һֱע巡ʱԼѪһο˽Щ̵Цġ
ͬǻѪ֮йϵûֻǣԼܣ
ȥȻ˼῵ǣƣԴҡ޽УϵƸ˻ĲԽް
ǫǰһȻȻָȴǰĸģһƯϵĽ
֣Ӵֱѹ˷ǫáڷǫһ͵ʱڿնһ·̫ŵķײȥ
ܵ¾£صڣвӵԹʹģһ·ֱײ˳ȥ
ǫͫһжֱָ֮׷ῼ״üͷһԥظ
ʶ磬нٶȲ죬ǫױ׷
ۿǰѾ̫⣬ɢ󣬽Ӱԭһˣڽɢ𽥻ָǣȻҲע⵽˰޴Ӱ
ǡǡ
岻Ѿôһ
졭ܰҪײˣ
Ҳ̫ۼؿǫǴʦ֡
ǫŴһ·ţ߳
һСȴ㹻ͷĽǣסʶǫ
ȻȴȻδܲˡƹһʱ̫Ҳ
ǫɫƽȴ֪ѾʧȥЧáָܿʬģԼ֧Сǣ̫áϾѾǧ֪꣬ι˻ǣԹ졣һûסֶΣ̫Ŷһ
һط
ǫİڷѩл·һ⡣Ȼ͵͵غ߳СǣŽڡ
ǫͽٶ̫죬ۿһڡһݣŽԼߣֿԼϵ˿ڣ·ֻһ㣬ѪģץڽϣѪǣƻؽǡ
ῲ֪ǫҪʲôΨһܹľȻֻʣš
һδικ˵ˣʶѡҲֻŶѡ
ֻҪܰﵽһֻʲôν
ϣһѪۡ
῵һʶǫԼĵ׵ʮ֮ǵҲ
ǫƺ˻ָǵļȴҲûлͷŽķ
ǰǷ񲻶ɵİ¡䡣
䣬⣬ֻһľܹͨУȴһȪɹá̫ųЩѾЩõĵ˴ˮ׬ȡ֡
ǫǲþЩģһΪ˽ĪӽС̸̳ȥ
ֻʵǸĵط޳ɣһ׹£ҲǺ
ߣԷֹа
ǫعʱȻḡֳ漾῵ѪҲΪѪɢЩعⷵյļŷǫ븡
ǫ·֪˵ʲôȴȿ˿ڣֻΪ㣬ػ硣
ݲ塣˼ֳҪģҳȫ˭ȫȫأ
ǫŽ΢΢̾һ˵Ҫȥ÷
ãлʱطڣɼƤ˱ܣֻһֱ˯ܻȡЦңȴ˵ΪٸһЩ϶ˣһ÷
û˵ȥˣȵɽٵһ죬еζˡ
ǫǿ֮ĩض˽ĻûʧԼ㿴Χ
һ㶡ǰֻзǫʱ˴ɽ÷
ǫһ÷֦֧÷һʱֲǰǷǫ䡣
Ľƭ٣Ϊܳ٣ȴ뵽ĸ̰ͼ
ԷǫԻδšڵĽٴλâ綬ůʹ¾޴ףأһһµŷǫеĻ֦
Ľ𵤵׻ǳŲסˣ̫ŵҲһ궯ضŲ
㲻ȥӦܸĸо̫ҲڼٵݽߣȻǰĽѲ˹ϵ
Ҳȥˡ
ǫ̾Ϣӣ¶һֱۣͬʱȥҴؼҡ
˹âԼӴͣǫǸϡѾܶܶûаˢƤˣҲܾúܾûг˯ˡ
жꡭδߡ
ǫվԵڽƹһ˲䣬˰벽ֱֱȥ
̧ۿ̫÷һƬᡣԸΪֽҲԸΪ̫
ŷǫ䡣ҲȫȻʧ޷һΣȥӴȴֻǵĥŷǫֱۣ·ǵСߣŹһɹ̫֪ΪΣһΣôҲȥˡ
ʱڸϵߡβԶ±һ±ߣһ֧˵÷֦


47 ͣѩ
һ, ̫ƮѩͻȻͣˡ쿪Ƽ, ڻѩϣͶһƬĹӰ
Ȼ̫ŵĴʦֺһȴһֱûٳ֡
õĽɢȥ˵ϡЩ̨̫ҲսһƬ侲, ǽսһƬãȻΪĲԼԹӰ죬׷׳
ǵǰճݳڵ½εص̫ǰ
ʧ˽巵ɫѿϵ˿ûκϵ, ˼, ̫ĺǴ̹ǡճݳϣ˦뿪
ŵ˾½, ҵ˴ͷ뿪, ʣɢ²Ҳֻʱ
̫ͷˮһȥж, һתšһֺܲõԤУڼ, Ҳڴʦ֡ȫƾֱ, һ·Žų̫ŵķϮ
һ, ಻ٵҲһͬ˹ۼ֤˴ʦŽš
ô£˵ûĺۼ𣿻дʦ, 
һ·Ѱ, ܿܵȪ±ߡһ۱㿴˼, ·ʧ˻һֳһ֦÷ȥ
ΰɤӷǰȥס˼ΰ㲻Ҫˣ
῿һۣƽ۾ȴȫʧȥɡ΢΢Цһ£ڰοԼû£ô䣿
￩һ¡Դʦ֣ԽһֲõĲ²⡣ȥƬ£ǱԼȥɨһۡֻܿһƬͱڡ
ҲЦοΰԼϵļⶼڷᷢͣıޱȽӲ
оһγס῵ı۰ѹƲҲֻ֪˵ʮաΰ֪ĻҴȥʦ塢ʦ壿ǲ֪Ļ͵ʦʦһ֪ģ
Ŵӣһ֮£ȴֺδ
𣿡῿ŵǰΪ֪Ųƭŵжһ˿֪̿֡ڵԼ˵ĻȴԼûš
ջĿ⣬Ȼ䡣
¹ʮꡣӦҲû£
ż῵۾ƮбûţҶץ֣ȴѪģһ⡭۲ۣȻȥӳ飬òã
Ų˵ῶһڡɵʱһԼǼ鴤ƣҲۡԼʱǫ˵ĵطһʱѾϵ˿ڡ
в֮ǰԼڳֵһĨɫӰһĨϢʮĻ
޼˷ǫҲ޵̫еϸڣһһ϶Ҳһ
Լ뷽ǫٶദһʱգܸһЩǫܷʱĲס
ģǡԡ
˹ڼ῵ǰ˵ҲҲһΰһҵģȻȥòã
ŵ֣᣺˵ӣɷǡʵһֱƭҡ
ͻȻ룬Լܶǰ𣬾Ѿˡ
ôٴ±Եǰߣŵĺһ䶼ˡ
һݣһţ뼾ῲܣ۾գһ¡
վûܺʱջ֣Сĸ󣬴мԼȥ˵ļơ
Ҳ֪Լ˶ã·ûоͷһԱߵҲס
ɫһ£תͷֱ£һ˲ȴһֱקˤ˳ȥ
ȥҲҲ
ոռ῵ٶ̫ˣۿżῲһȥʱϥһֱӹȥ̧ͷոսק޺˪ˣݳϣ
ݳûлشţߵ߿һۣ㿴ȥˣ
ῶһҡҡͷûС
ݳЦһһԭϵģЩ̵˵ȻûϹʲô
ݳϻȻô˵ţȴ߬ĺܽתͷ׵£̫ѾӦˣܸѹסĵطҲֻ䡣
桭ǫĶأҲִųĺӰ
Сʱʵһ㶼ԡ
Ǵʲôʱʼ̫ͱѹϵһɽأô͡ͻȻˣ
ݳϱһ۾ƽ˵ʵ˵һǶ˵ط񲻶ɡڶȷʵһ·ͨĵ׶ˡ
۾һ£ͻȻĶ
Ǵ˵Ҫʱȥ顣ݳҡҡͷ
ǼλϾʱ󷨷̫ţҪһЩʱաʮһ𰸡ݳ˵ûٶ˵ʲôһķת뿪
ῼûжҲûлش±һֱʱҲһֱ䡣һֱҿ䣬Ҳȥ룬һҲԿԼ
ֻһѣѾʧȥ˶ˣ
жϤʦֵܣջЦŴкһתͷҲˡ
ŻûдӱʹгȴͻȻվֽ⡣
ŻæȥĶ
ҲֻŶѡܳһǺȻˣźͲǶصĸ
Ҿš
ݳϵȼλϷ̫Ҫյʱ䣬⼸ȻҲ޷ѰŵְȻ֣ЩӶһ
мӶԼ῵ĸǸӣȻ֪޴Ŵ˽ٱϾ𣬵Ťͷȥʣ»мˣʶѯʴʦֵ٣῵ı̫ˣȴ
ߵ̫Ŀֵ̫ľ޴ʯ£ţڵϻһǳǳĺۼĪģһҵ˺ʹ
㿴̫ѩѾͣˡ
ǰÿջҪǲɨѩԺ󡭡Ͷˡ
פ˵ʧһһƬĮӴ֮Խ˽ߣ
һգ¡ЩǱɽŵˡЩҪ̽ˡЩֻʱ£ɱǹФС
һ
գÿ춼վԶĵطߣԶԶظšеҲ֡
뼾ῶû˵һ仰ھʱŻ뿪
ҲֱʱŲڿţʦ֡ˡ
ʱ򣬼߶һλһϮ£ϵɫˣǹһĨ̫Ц
½῵һûǰĿָߵˣѾִߵջǱ˻ȥ
½Ѿˡ
˫ӡ½ǸӦ˼῵Ŀ⣬ŸݿŲԶЦһһͻš


48 
Ҳ֪ǲΪ½ڵԵ, ô῵һҹ￿žʯ˯ˡ
Сƨ²˵㡣˵, ¹⣬ﻹһƣЦеغļῶӡôģˡ
ָлҪ𣿡Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô˼ɬȻ
ƺЦһ, žƺһڣֲŮʲô
֮ľܽǰܴĵȻȴٳٵزһ̤˽ξˡ
ʲôһҪ˵ı顣ǰ, Цݲǳ
һ, ʶſ˫˴ӷϵϣ, ԼС
һͷ, һ, ЦŴӷ
Ώæȥӣǰ˵ΪֱҪ߳ࡣΪᱻײ, ɵͷ, ȴֻӵһա
ʲôûС
Ȼ, ĿͻͻŽ̫ʯǰ, ˯ò̫, ۾ȴһһĸɬС
, ԶԶһǰף¶͸һ㡣
½ڸߴľ֦Ѿȥ˴ԼΣҲҰһûһػȣѩεδ䡣ˣʵˣ
ῳĬţûлش
½ҲתͷôɵĿܻų᣺μҲǺ£ܱȿǿ
ԵͷһԼ֣ȷʵеصС
һαճҪһЩһûԶԶţֱߵ˼῵ǰûд̫ĵӷǸһ̴жͷҲǸ߸ʱ½պ˼ˣŽϵѪ
ԥã῿һۣҲ֪Ӧɺڱ˵Ѿǵˣɽࡣ
ΪûпڣȻŷԼɤ˻Ƶ
ʶһ£漴Цΰıˡ
ûգˡ
һμûֻǾؿԼһͬ顣
ֶһ£˵׼ɽ˳㡭
á˵˭Ǳ˴֪ûжʣҲʣһ·СģܿɽµЩˣҾͲˡ
һرɳĿƣʱûйǣôһЦ⣺㻹𣿴ǰǶ׷ɱҺϹĺȣ
߶߶ضҲҪչ˺ԼʦʦţҲδһҪڴֵء˾ͻȥϢһ£УѾ̫ˣҪһ㡭
ʶ̧һԼգһġ
ű῵Ķһ㶣û˵ʲô
ɽȥȴʲôӻһ÷֦ΰ㡣ֻЩƣۣô˵Ҳµһŵŵ״ӣûô
῿һŽ֦˹Ĵлһ֦һòȴһ֦÷
һЦݱԼϧˣתɽȥͷҲأƺúİɣҺܿͻģ
῿ŵıӰԶˣջĿ⣬Ž¿ʯǰֱͦļ米ϴϵʯ棬½
ɫķƮֽһöҶУһôһ˲䣬ᴫҶڵ½ʧˣ㳤һҲ¶һġ
޿κεһЦҶӵһԣȥķͻȻڣȴ˼ˣҲʱ뿪̫졣
῵˵ͷ
½ѣʵбͲʺϲ񻰱̽ʹ½˵Ŷ˶٣ɽдʦ֣ˡ֮ǰ˵֮ȥҴʦ֡һҪһһ
½˵ţۿͻȻһȣϲ˰
áֺγҡ
һ󴺷紵Ҷɳɳ죬Ҳס˼ῲһѿڶĻ

սĵھ죬½ҲҪˡʱĻɽѾ˴룬һɣֻܳܽɽĵӱһһء
½ûǣңԼλȥ¡ףԵҲָܲʧȥֳߵʱв
½߹ʯԣ῵һһҪ´ߵɬȻȥһʦʦ˼ҳأ˵ȥˡ
῱ܵӦһ䣺⻰ӦͬλϽ
ҽˡ½ЦЦȻ㰤
ͷŽżһСأ½ܾ汻˰ɡ
ԥһ˾ͻ
š½ƺĨĨ۽ǣε𣿡
ûСÿÿնڱԼ磬ɱۣһжǺڳģûǸ˵ĵЦҲûǸ˵Ӱֻһδν֧±ߵ÷ֿһ֧÷δע뽣ǶҲ׹
ȻΪ˲һλ֦㣬῱ٴ򿪴ˡ
ῳòش½Ҳˡ͵͵̾һǰҲԷǫԼ῵ɻ񡭡Ҷʧȥ˶ԼҪˡֻϣ˿ԲԼܵʹࡣĪż῿õ
ౣءҪȥɽˡ½չһЦ˵ɽˮģô˵ãأ
Ҳ̫ΪҵģҪķݻܾáܾáȼʦ֣ҲʸãǹӦ
῾ԼĺЩ½Ž˵ɽȥҲ
һҹμ˷ǫ
μǫΪ͵˸ӰԭӦԼǰ£㷽ǫؿڣÿոǫϷˣǫǴǰģȴʮˡ
ŽǫʱŷԼʵȷǫҪ߳һء
һ£˲ͣ
ʲôǫعͷüῡ
ܶΣһ̱һѽӺ󷽴͸šһβһ῿ŷǫȴޱȵذ֪ǰ˾˺Լ
ȻЩΥͣʶӡʹԽӲ
ǫžȵļΰЦһ£۽޳Цơץס˼῵ĸ첲ôôң
ǫůʵ῵ͷ͵һʶһѷǫԼҲȥˮڱǣѹĪӿȡɲϢƽ㱻һֻˮ档
λþĺ̶
῵һʱЩءԱǫץţ·һּ῾ͳȥഥ̡ŷǫϥں̶ߣӣɻؿ
ʪģ𣿡
ǫ·ҲʪյģϡŰµ͸һɫǫԼӦƿӦýӷǫӦԼ̶ˮҹ
ȴס˷ǫ֣ľнøǫԽԽü϶̶̵ġɼë
͵شֱӷ㶵ؿŵķξеһĻһĻԺУ׽˷硣
ˣ
ڼῲ֪ʱݳͻȻ˽нˡ


49 
աݼд, ͨ磬, ΪߵҲޡ
ȴûСмƼͲ޵һƬڡΨһأҲͨ硣߼һƲ, Ǹںпֱͨס
ƼͲޣü΢΢ӡвûط
ݳϳƬ˵ط¾Զµƶ˱仯ƼͲһЩߣĲޣֻΪ˵Ĺٻ˼⣬˸ı䡣ΪֹҲֻд˵, ֪Ķ, ֪Ƿȥ
лϡ𣿼ῴûȥǸطһ󲿷ʱ䶼߶ɹ, ȴ᲻÷ǫһ̵ʱ䡣
ݳ˵Ҫʮ졣ĵҹ, ݳϱҳ
ȻݳҲ, õ˻ܻ̫Ѿûˣÿһ˶ϣʦٴ, ЦŶԴ˵, û, ֻһ, õЩϹġ
ῲû뿪̫, ̫ɽֶաĵһͬ, ڴսսͬԡ
̫űûĹصģǵļС˵ףǹͬǸδˡ
µʱ䣬῱ǰ¥ͼԺ麣ҳЩ΢ء
󷨻֣֣̫ɽȻǻˡ
ݳʵǺͬǰȥޣϾЩ˶ΪģЩϹﻹҪ޷뿪
ݳԼҲ֪ûֹܹ뿪ֻÿڲ¥ʱܻȰһ±̫ǿ󡣡
ῴӲشֻ΢΢һЦ麣Ѱ˿
³һ졣
ﴰ߲СˡǲᶯСľˣһһó󣬷ҡмǸһСģ࣬üۺͷǫһޡʱһֱһƺ˯ú
Сģ͸Լȴƫƫʹļ֤
һΪޣҪС˴ҡҲСˣӲͦĽʮع
ʰתͷŴ˾̲סһ´ޡ޷·𱻾ˣʶСľ˽ס־ؿῡ
ʶ𴽽ǣȥһ㶼һ
С˿ҲûʲôһˣԵؿһۣ漴§סСľˣƺҪ˯ȥ
ǳģСľˣῲ֪С˵ķľ˵ĻԼļϣȻСľȫ
ϵСƺؾż῵ͷֻ̫Сûʲô˲˼ῷֺ῵ЦһָĦһСˣȨ
ȥؼҡ

ǫɬ۾İѹڿϣŵõԼԶͬѧϵˮζ
һ£һĿ⣬뿪ͼݡ
ˮĽֵ·ơһ·߻صϤĵطƯıһƬůĵƻ
ǫܵشſڵĻ̳ԿףȻŽݡ
ʱֵ㣬϶ˡǫǰϤͷʱۿ֪Ϊһɬ
ֻ֣ȥһѧУôúǾñطһ
ǫǿԼתߣͷˡ
ͷӽִһϱؼңһεϱûǺôûһ˽ӻ
Ҷˡǫᳵ·ӹóЬ߽ƽʱŵĵطҲں꣬ǫ˳ͷһ׼ʲôʱ飿
Ȼû˻ش
ǫһ£һ׷һζûС
ǫЩãķ룬뿪ѯʣͼͷӳ극߽ıӰЩ͡ǫʶ˹ȥͷó㡣
ǫͻȻ
ǫؿͷӽڰǰţ̻һζǫ߶߶ضƬ˵ŻͻȻЩᡣ
ͷӵġġΪǮųأȷʵһܶȤҲµˡǫټȴࡣӺ˽ǻЩһİɣ
ô˽ӡôؼҾʹؼҰɡ㲻һôҲֺܶࡣ
˵Ļкܶ࣬Ƕ˵ˡ
˼άЩģת˲Ѿһ̻ûܰããһƬǫվԭЩ㱡̧ͷΨûƬһƮȥȻ󿴵ͷǿգ֮ȻǿããһƬ
ǿУǫϻ̫ʱװҲࡣϧΧڣǫоһ˿ϵĴҲֻһ衣
ͷֻǺúõģֻǻôһ㡭ǻŻˣ
ĿˡҪʲ죿
ǫʣߡ
˼ĹǿԼ߳ġ
صŨУһ򣬴˹ȥ
֪ԼĶ֪ԼȥĶ֪ʲôʱ򣬲֪Լ˶á֮˴Լͣɷǫȴ֪Щį
ûΪʱ߶оƣ룬ĺޱ仯߲֪ͷ˸Ϊ
ûˣ
ǺԼһͬ׹ĽҲа
ڲ֪˶ãǫֹͣĿĵΪȻ߲ͷǲš
һתһһ仯
˵ûкÿС˵ûֻNS֮˶ԸʱҲֻЩ
ȶȫܲĵط
ĥʱѣ˭ᰡ
˵˵ûҲ޽棬ǫĻ𽥾Լĺͳȣģ
ŵȻ˵ǫһţƺһЩ죿

Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳ھ뿪̫ʱص˽Լɽɽ
ɽҪ޺ڶ࣬ڵΪη֮һصСֱͨ硣
ָ·ݳµһӡҪγɽԵ磺ŵ˴Сġ
лԥһ£ֹ
ֶ֪ĵͻȻһЦǲҹֲ㣿
ʵҲ޹ΪһҪ̫ľЩʱϸˣĹڦȫ޵пһ˶ݽߣ˵ᶨʵÿһ仰Ҳֻ˵Լ֮ѣԼ۾ܹڰס
ϣմŴʦֻЦЦת뿪
߳ɽʱоԼϵһ󲨶ͷȥ֪ʱԼٻصȥˡ
ɽл谵ͳһ·СߡߵһʱǰͻȻ˵ݡ
´Ųһ㣬ֱ󷽱ܿǰü˹ȥС̫ܵ˵֪Ŷԡ
ǻӦɻ˴˳
ʦܣּˡǰͷ˳һԲ۽ȴмּ黫ôʱ䣬ԭΪ㲻ˡ


50 
üǰ, ϵԼԼȴӡ󡣼Ȼǡ޹ؽҪ, ۿŶԷвƣῸɴؾͳ˽
ɫһʶ˰벽
͸῵ΪȻҲ֪СӵΪҪ߳ܶࡣ¾ý, ɱˣ¡
ֻתһԼ߶ǽˣܲӼëСǵ޿˵̫ŵɾѾˣһο˭ܻ㡣
ǫ䣬һüͷ΢, ųˣ˵ʲô
һʦܵǹ˶, ǵȪȪˮ𣿵Ϊ㣬ôᱻǸʦʦţ
һ, Ѿõļ䱻·˳, ǰǼõĵ, Ǳʦʦô£
˳żῷ㶵ʱ˰벽дߴң, ǻҪǸ, ץġ
һͬϻΪ˼, ǼСආٻôЩʱա黰ճ, ǾѾˡ
λ, Ʋν, Ƭɽֶ
Ȼû뵽ǣ῵Ľ졣ڼͷ޿ɻر֮ʱĽֱӳˣת֮㽫¾ÿ˵üĶһѪۡ
Ȼ˵Խɱ˵һ࣬׾ٵػɱˣ黹ŵֱӹ˵ϣʧȥ
῵ĽҲ˳ƼܵĲϣĿɭ䡣
βס𡭡ɱңͬһҲ㣬ǡǱҵģ
ῳʵô£ʲôΪұʦš
ԭηͻȻһĨ⣬ǾķŭֹͣĲ̧ͷȴڼ῵ɱɪһ壺ⲻǸӦȥλʦ𣿡
῵Ľһ֣Ĳ϶ʱһѪۡʱ鷴ȥһ㣬˻ŵŵΪʦŵҲʲôɷǣǷ޳ȴҪȥС˰ˣ
ĲӻѪ˵˵˭
˭һЦҧгݵ˵Ƿǫ
ǫԼסǣһȴӼ῵ļϵȥʶһֱߵĶȴǼ῵ͷ
ţⶼô£
῱һĺ⹴ɱģҪ֣ȴ󾱵һʹѡʶһУԼȥС˽˸šС˱̫ʱҪ鶯٣Դܣƺ޵ʡ
ü֪СôͻȻˡС˷ŻؼϣѹɤӰһ֣á
ǫۿż˾޴Ҳ޴ȥǫۼֿ콫̶̵ֱ۲뼾῵ķ䣬ŵûȥ
ŭǾûơ۽Ƴӵ¶Щ΢ĺۼ
ľ룬ǱԷӳֹǼ῾ûжܵÿĵ
ǫһʱż˲ԼӼῼϵȥ£ʱк㡭
ǫŷǼٵģŲҲû취
˭ģСľˣ
ȻȫˣСľΪԼһ˿ʶܹʩչɴûСľ˵졣
ڼ῱Ǻнġˡɱն῵Ľȴ죬ɴһѪ߸߸߷ɳΏָסСľ˵˫ۡ
ҾҪȥˣ
ʵǫԲͦ죬࿴ҲΪ῵ָͷ˸ʵδˡ
ǫ˰ΣӼָΧ׷½˳תͷȴһ겻ӡ
ֵ̿һʱգ޴ֻܶڲĽ䵱УԼĳ˭㲻ѧǱ˵Ķͺޡ
׼ǴʦָʹļãһԸĺôãȴǵġ
ͻȻЩЦ޴Լеһߡޡɱ˫ۣǸ˵ĺôͷβȫȴ׷Ī󣬳ʹζ
ǫļΰ̲סִ˴еӲ
ûʲôҲܴƤ￴ָвСӳˣôݡû
С˵ľٶ㻻˼῵ǣһڼϵСˣͷǫһģһüһ߰ɡ
ԵҪȥĶ̫ôˣ֪кܶھ
Ҳ֪ǲС⣬ŭ۾ȻˮĹĵӿȡ
ȻעС˵ı仯ڼ򵥰һ¶Է󣬿뿪ɽ
Ϊ˲˵ע⣬ıòΪҹ̵ظޡ
ֻǿ˷ǫһֱͼдݣ󲿷ʱ䶼Ό˰յĴС
˵ʵоǸĪȫĵط

ޡ
пջϷ
ͣ˽ŲС˷˳ڴ̨ϡ⼸ղ߲ݸ·ʲôȻһͣԭѹȥ˼·

ͷǫһģһСˣҲ֪뵽ʲô̲סһǣڹȵףɹ˶̫ɹɹ
лл㰡
С˺뷭ۣȻѾ뿪˷䡣֪ǲڱ˴˵ĹϵǫоΌŵһ˲䣬ԼµĹؽڶڶ졣
Դ̨ԥ˺ܾá
С˵Ľʵ̶ûиðǵաס˴ߵݣݴµĿյɹĵ˴ߵС̨Ȼһزȥڴ˹зǫܻԼǾľͷ壬Ͼôˤỵ
òź֪ʶԼҪôԼݸ߼أ
취ܱѶࡣСۼһԻи̿裬ʱһơòײűһ̿ר־ڵд£Ƿǫ
Ϊ˱д̫С῿ǫصдһ㡣СвҲŲ̿ʵ򵥵һʻҲдö϶üۣڵذϸȥԼдµıʻˡ
±֮ǰС˻صضһڵԴֻдǫֲ˵⣬ôҲдĸֲС
дѶȴ󳬺󣬽ǡѾдģģ˿Сһֻ޵Լ˸ǫ֣дƸѡǸգֻдǷҲö
Ȼûдɷĵڶʱ˻ԥûע£˳һŲС˺òд֡
ǫȥײ῵ϣע⵽Сˣ΢΢ü֪ԼСôӴ̨ģôˡתֽСȡˮС˴ͷŲøɸɾ
СȻƣתͷֳ˵ӡմˮͼд֣ˮһҲܿԼƬΡ
Ŀͣ˵Сˣôϲˮ
ϲˮСʹؾ͵һԼԴõö
Щ⣬ͦϲˮģ
ԥһ£һֱӽС˷ŽһԵˮ赱ССˮȻֱӳȥ
Աˡ


51 
һʱ, ǫ뾡ְ취ݣܿϧʧܸա
ῷԴ뿪̫Ժ, Сͱùֻ
Ī̫ɽСġ족Ҳʲô֮Ч
ԭС˵ؾеһõıΪϣм򵥵ϲŭ֡ڿѾ˾
Ǽʶ̽С˻Ǵǰģ, κ쳣鸴ӵĿСˣķÿνӴųͲԼע⣬ȴֿڸʲô
ͺñڳԷСȴŲ֭, ˴һһⱧ
ſüͷ, Ȼһβ·ݣȴʯûз˳õ
뵽, ῱㲻΢΢һ̾ˡ
뿪̫ʱ, Ȼһ·, ȴδϹ͡Ѿԭͷӵģ¹, л˼
ȫʱԼֵĽ
῿ŸС˲֪ƣ˷, Щͷʹ뷽ǫû̫ͬ, ֻᵯԿһ£־Ͱػش
ǫԼԴһ󶣶˵Ļ, һ, ּԼڴﰵյʱ, һŭ֮ҲԼڵˣֱӽĲҵ˼ϡ
ععأ֪ءƫƫûΪҲû취
С˾Լίˣż
ÿ죬ľ絲±С˦ĲҶΪʲôС˵ı仯ô
ֻһ˲ƿע⡣̫췭ڶ伮ʵ޼ȷָԡֻ˵ʼûʲô飬ʱĸ׶Ľ̵ȻǽԴҲ֪ٻܡ
еѰڼῷĶУȴеѡ˼пܵĵطܱڳصС
ֻҲҪʱŻִ֣Ȼϵ̫ԶҲǻѪҪ²ס
ȷǫˣһתͷʱѾؾصɵ˴ϡ
ǫ
оոԼ·һɵӡ
֪ΪʲôС֮󣬺Ƣˡ
ǫ̾˿һ죬ҲС˿ͦģʵܿˤ
һһ²ûлѶʱ䡣
ǫż῰˯ˣε򦣺˵õĽڲҪ˯ء
ҲûðѣѾıϣ漴ߵ￴⡣
ʣüè˻ߵĽ£˼У˼ĸࡣ
ǫ̾˿֪ôͻȻʼԼ塣ĻС˵Уأ䣿ƬУСˣǲǾͻصȥˣ
ǫԼһֱۣŴãվûðֱȥ
ˣҲ˵Լܻܲȥȥˣ¶˵ҲûáƬããĵطǫûĴ̽ʲô
޾ʹްɣ˵ǫ֪ԼΪʲôḽϣ˵Ҳܿ˵ôܿ硣
ǫûע⵽Ȼ۾˼Ŀķ
ῲû˯ڵҹʱҹ̽ûеȵʱ䣬ȴȵСһεķٶ
ʶҲͯ죬رۣ
ֱӽС˷Լļϣȫ֪СпҲҪŵòˣ漴Ӵ˳ȥ

˵ֺܶˮʵһƬλƫԶɳޣǶһֳɫ󣬼ɫ䣬ҲԵЩ糤򷱻
˼壬ڳƬӵϣأһƬ̻Ի͵ĽֱǴӱֱһ㣬׳ۡҹɫУȻƻӫӫۡ
ǫڼ῵ļͷԣɳۣҲò
ǫһ£СǾûץ࣬ھͻˣһ̼ķɱ
ǫǣɵ˼ڵˣǰɣǵ㽣Ϊ˭ۣ
ϧ۷ǫôȻῶȻδԴһ룬ǫͻȻӦλãǿġ
֡
˻ͻȻоͷһѾЩϰ˵ʱСֿʼˡС˴ӼժĵС
ż῵ĳĿ⣬ǫͻȻʶԼûԼ῱Լ뷨ǫǲˣӦ˵κһ緽ǫȾߣǻֻСѶԣǻʲô
һ˼ٴζż῿ʼֻţһЩʾҪóȻǰգĻݡ
ʾ꣬һͷϤĴĸоöɽٶ治ɫķǫǰһڡ
Сӣ泤ǲǣ
ԥؿһ۴漴˿ڣϵԼ䡣
СΪԼľ˵ˣʵڲʱ򡣻ͷٰϴ裬ˮһ¡
ῷ𣬽ɫǱСȷʵڳô¹֮ʱҲڴʱڻῪӺرաӵеʱ䲢Ǻܶࡣ
Ϊ˱ʱϸع۲κһ˿ò쳣пָڡ
֪ҵԺܲ˳нףѾΨһϣˡ
ͻȻһ٣ȥһִ̫٣˼Ƭ׹أῸ˼ʮֵľ䣬ҲʱῲЩ΢ԡ˵û
ȥֻͥȷʵˡΨһŮ˾
Ů˿ΪҲͣէһ·ഺ٣۵ȴܲɣͬľ㡣
˫ۣɳУŮ磬¶ļһϸ۰𪣬ȹȴ绨һչò棬ȴ欣ÿɵĶĸ֡
ͺɳ޶ٯĽˮ磬ﶼƮһӵ
ῷԼŮӵǳ˵ŮϿ˵Ϣ
ڴʱŮӻ۾ɫĵ˫ǰݷүģӦȵҹǽܲǸ֮
ῲֱӼ˳һŮӣʱ䲻࣬˷ʱ䡣
ŮӿЩԾȴһ㲻ӭż῵Ľȥڻ裬һʱ侹ס˼῵Ľ΢΢һЦ䣬Ůӵ뼾῵üӢѹ˹ء
üͷֽŮӵñ紵𣬾ͺһƬƬꡣ
Ѹ˱˴˵ľ룬Ůȴ׷ͬ˻ͥʱЩ´ʶȻһƬһƬԼƴ˻ȥŮصϣ·á·𷽲뼾῵Ķ񶷶ֻ̲һΡ
Ůӷһ£һǸ߸Ծ𣬳һ边ǽῶ˽ȥĿУῲδ߶Ծһһʧȥ˿


52 
ɫ, 㲻ΣâһνŮӵ, âֱͣӴ̽Ůӵš
ȻûһѪڼ῵Ľ֮ؿѿĽҲٵ
üĿԼұɽƵ鲼, ˺Ҳ˺鲼ͬһ㣬Զͼסˡ
ĵطûа취С
ŮӵЩļһۣһЦȫɱЩڼϵ鲼ȴԼʶһ, 䶯ż῵ֱ۲, Ҫ˶ȥļơ
һȴֱֳֽסʱѹ죬֪, , һɫϢʱĳС
һ߻, һĳ˻棬ڰ˹ܵ, ´żһԾϳ
Ȼ῵Ķǳ, оʱ, ·ʲôЩȥʱ, Ѿ¹ƽ
ü, ֪Ѿ˽ʱ, ԥתԾ
ŮΪ͹죬ողʱŮʼղΧǶƺ⡣
ŮӹȻû׷ֻۣٴԼָſԼϵһֻ῵Ĵ
Ůӵ˽ȥͻ˴ֻʹõĽƣȡһֻɵСˡ
ǫò뿪ĲյĴһǺ«ǩʶǰˣҲ֪῰ѷڴΪʲô
ȴȫǵԼһһС⣬ȻȴΪ˹ȫ棬ȫС
Щ˵ǡá⣬ȴԷСĵһžʮꡣ
ǫһĵģڶԷָ¾ͱ׵ˡǫŷǰһˡԡôԼǸŮˣ
ǼĶȥˣ
ɵСӰΪ˰ˣ
ŮӿеСְֳ֧ǩݰνĹãȻľ󣬲һЦԭǼῡȫ˶ȻԼ˳ǡүĻԵ
ǫԼˡôԼϴˣŮֻǼ˸Ϊʲô֪ˣ˵ǱΪ̫ðµãĺ˰ɣ
ǫԽԽŮӵϡأԼ᲻ᱻŮӸˤ飿ǿž;ˣԼû£ñˡ
ŮЩͣһ˵Ҳ˺ġֻǣҪңΪμ῵ϻ
ǫЩɻ󡣼ǻӣѵӦ쾭壿
ǰүֻǻ֧е֧ҲֻǻٶѡŮ˵ţɻʧȥ˽ϱ㲻ˡ
ǫȻֲЩĪвôԼ߶߶ôࣿ
ŮӵıԹŹ֡΢΢ָ˴СˣС治֪ǹŪң
ǫһ£֪ĶԼ˵ĶԻ漴ԼԴˡԡõ룿
ŮһЦ۵ȴЩ꣺ҵȻü˵ЩͬʵҲû̫ҽʮߣأ˸𣿡
ҽүǫޱӦ˳һĿǰ֪ٵļῡ
ʲôŪôɴԼҲˣ
ǫ߶ŵļῴʱѾصջУʱŷִˡ
վڴǰۿⷺסָԾֱһ鴰

ŵбһ֧̯⽵ϳڴѾӪ˶ʮ꣬նʱ㣬֧ڴ˴һǿˮһߦڡһ̯˾ۼ
ϳµ⽶ְģֶָھ׵ƤȴԵʮꡣС⽡Ԫ֣ȳƯĵӡ
ڵ˹̳Ƥ͸ԳһŻСڡʳָ󶯣˸ǿڸϽʵѹƤỬִһͣһůʳ͵ⲻڳ֮ϾƹĿ⡣
˵үʱҲ⽳ԣҪϳڴ¸ӡϳ˵Լ岻ã벻ǿھҲǾˮúá
ɣ⸻үôһүҲֻЦЦ֪ϳ¾ǿǮöˣ´ҪŸ̲סſվһӵ¸ϳ
á޶ҵ̬ҲɼһߣǾηлԵҳҲǿ룬ûѰҡ
ʱѽʱѰѳԹɻȥˡϳµ̯вŴĵ˵Ż
˵Ҳʧˡ
ͬһ㶣ȳǰ̸
˰һۣ˵ֲǲ֪Ǽλүں
ʱڣǽá̾ҡҡͷ漴յͬ˵ҹǱʮ߹
ͬȴһΪţҹǵǺεΪģʮ߹ﶼᱻţ
ĪǱһʲô߹ɱү
ͬģͬһһ࣬һһ£
ɱҡˣڱ̳⽡
ͬƺҲԼ̫çײˣ̲ס׷һ䣺ջûȥô˵ģ
֪ͬǲŹԼġһᣬͭǮˣֱۣͬҧŶһͬԶˣҴ˸ϧʮ߹û˼ߵӡ˸֪ҽҪ븮˷֣صضҡ
˵ţ˵Լ䣬н֮
ϰ壬ˡһòƽƽĴӲúҲˣȥĵط뷽ŵͬһ
װ֮ļΰ壬ԼΪҹһкҲſǱһʱ䡣
Ȳҹ
֪ΪΣִ֮Īһ顣Ϊ˴Уֻ䣬С
иҪĶСʧˡ
еҪȡشΪ˻鷳
һǰźŲƫŵȵĵطת˸飬ΪŻȴһ̸
Ϊ沢еȻѹƣȻҲѹסԷơҹǸʮ߹﾿Ǻˣ˵ʲô
ĴʱҲʮС
ԭԥڰǱɳ֮һ·ѭ˵ĵ·ȥǿһյժơ
ѽò˸ȫڶҲơῸıԼò֮еƣɣֱӽ˽ȥ
´ֱҹʮߵǸͥԺȥ


53 
ů㡣
µСӱȷǫС˻Ҫ΢شһЩ, ҲƴС, οһ١
ǫôƵСϡԭȾ׵ĴϱһСѣϸ, зӡһʡ
̫, ǫԼ̨
κ·ķӡ󷨲֪Ǻ, ǫԼѲ
ҲԹܣֻǷСӵҲвΪ˺ÿķ, һǷڴǰ, Ѱ󷨷ǫһ˾, ڣֻǸᶯܵСˡ
ǫ°ά΢Цı, ˫ĿǰһԼŪļ, СͻܵԼҲڱط
ԼûԹֵһԣ
һ¡ص㲻ûΪ, ǡûн
ǫվһȦûʲô, ֨ѽһ, ѿ
ǫɫ䣬󷽵ػصԼλϡ
ʮ߶һֻʳ˽, ǫʱ߷ˮ, ·𴩹ʲôϡ͸Ϻ, ʮ̧߲ۿǫ
ǫɢĲŵ, ̫ĵشк簡ʮ߹
硣ʮһЦʳȡһڷǫǰ֪Բ㡣ֻǰͦÿġ
ǫ
Ҫʱһ϶ͺˡʮ˵еϧͦ뿴С˳ԱԼĸʲôģġ
ǫ˸ۣʰһ飬ʮߣﵽʲôˣ
ոѾᵽˣҽʮߡʮߵģȡһ֧СɾµľƺƺһСҲ˷ǫǰ
ǫĿʶǺ˹ȥҲ֪С˵ôģŲȴƫƫá
Ȼǿ̣ȴʵڲЩ
ʮ߼ǫεı̲סЩ죬С춼ûУôƹһ
ǡʮߵĿǫĿһ˿¼ɣǰȹƣ
ȻǲܺȹƵġ
ǫƮһ£ܿ챻ʮߵĻ˻̲סЩգƾͱȥĻҲ֪ʲôʱܸһ¡
ȴһȻģžƱڱǼ˻ΣĿоźȲŵĵǳүʲôˣ˵ʲô
ʮЦЦ۾΢΢ͬһ˵⴫һͨʮ߹ү㡣
ʮһͻȻ¶ЩϲɫǸСͻдϵʫһ㣬ٲ᷽ǫȥߵһʱŲͻȻͣסͷͭ˷٣⿴Сˣ㿴𣿡
һû̫ķǫͣ˰ε˵ͷ
ʮЦһ˳ȥ
һأǫǹһˡ
ǫһʱδԭذ״ؿӣٽѰܹĶ
ϧʮ߹շµĸҲûӲʵ黨ʲôģǥҲޡǫתȦͻȻ֪Լ󣬴Էȡӡ
ֻǵȷǫ߬ʱЩڲŷԼһӣȻһֱһ֧ľ
ľ÷ϸ¾ɣ뵱͸Լ֧һģһôһСҲ֪ôġ
ͻȻԼǰǼľͷˣǫеԲλࡣ
ʮֻûȻ󣬵ǡ
ǫϰһľⶫ˵һ㣬Էǫ˵Ѿ㹻ˡʧڣľֱҲ罣֡
ǫȻһ
Ȼ޷׻ٻǫĳˮһУٳһ
ϤߴȨ̽ľҲӿ˳ϲ󷨵ײһһж˵ʯײ󷨵Ϊ˶ԿݽҲ¶ĺۼ
ǫĿȥᷢԼ·ǿ񷶥֮¡貣
ǫʱҡ֪û߶Ľⲻǧ֮һ֧һƴֻ辶רӡע뽣⡣ϣʮܹߵ㹻ãһ󷨳޷ʱ򣬵ʱػɡ
ǫҲŷŵطֻҪʮˣһ̫ܿ磬Ѱǡ
ǫ֮ʱĴͻȻһ졣ǫⲻͣתȥһ⣬ûʲôŲĥֻǴӱ紵ˣַ
ײڷ졣
ʱתͷȥּᷢüһķڡ
ڴͣƬ̣ոտʮߴ뿪Ǳ֪ΪĸоЩ̫Ծлж˵졣
СԼϢǰȥӲ̫΢һ߶῱֪ﻹһ󷨡
ֻǼῶ˽Ⲣֲ࣬óȻ⾪ˣһʱЩ
һ߶ٴ󷨲ǫʶͷֱӿȻıòǷǫһϳ˶Է
͵ؿͻȻðͷӬһ㼾ΰǫһ֮Ҳ֪ԼӦϲӦŭȴʵʵضˡ񷶥ʱתƽǽǫڵС
ǫһ˻İ˼һۡ
ΏûоⷨǶ˵ȴͻȻͣˡǰȴޱ仯ԵЩ졣
ԥһ£ý̽ǰ죬ȴڡ

ʱٴβ׽᲻һ졣ͣٲʱһȻѭĳֽࡣ
üͷ̽ǰȥֻŸ̧Ƕ㼱ԭأĽѭ
˼һתµⶣָԼֻʲô˻ָԼ
תһ󣬽΢΢ʣɫн䱸
ǫżţȴͻȻͣ˽Ųüͷһ³˷֮ģ̲ס̾ĳ嶯
ɴ˺ͼദʱ䣬ֱ˱ϡ
̫ˡ
ǫԥһ£üĿ΢תٴιġָ˻ָԼԼһЩ
῵Ƭ̣֮ͻȻı˽ࡣ
ȫӦ뿪ǡڤڤ֮һָƲŲ
ʶһؿڣǸ˵һ꣬ʱѾˣȴ·ֳǣ
ῲԥ̤һ
֮УǫľȻסע뽣⣬뽣ۿżѾʧȥָȴһ˽̤а̾һСȻƢã츳ĸߡ
̵ʱھԼݵûʵš
ר־ѭŲƺһЩеŵÿһҲȵᶨһͻȻͬײһǽһž
ʱҲѾͣˣ֪ԼӦֻһ֮ңһȴӦϵһ⡭
⽣Ϥ
һδ˼һײȥԼİӶЩľ
ǫżײе㸴ӡտ꼾ῴţôͷϴˣ
῵ûд̫áֱֽն󷨣ߣڽ֮ϡǽһ춯ȴ޷ֹ󣬸֮࣬¶еԭò
ῳδջأֳľСĿԡ


54 ɱ
ǫ͵һ̱ⶫ, ˵ǰʮж, Ҳ׾٣޾û֧šοǫղŲҪרעԼĽ⣬Ҫ⼾῵ľٶָĲν
ʱҲ˲һմľ·Ŀӡ˼άѾʼſˡ

ʶǰ벽, ȴӰ㲻ҿ
ûпС˵ĳ̣оղǣ˼ĽǰСϡôܣСˣʮл͸ǫôʹýģ
С˱ŷǫģ, ʱûľ, ˿ήǸˡ
㡭
ΏδԼҪʲô, ҪʣŻɢ̯ŵСͻȻԽ, Ϊʾ
Ŀⲻ䲻˷ȻָСʱ, һȴԸٶȴס
ʮ߲֪ʱϢſ, ˫ӡ, żС, ɱȻԽԽȻһЦǸˣ
῵ͷһϵĺ䣬̧һֱӽѿ
ûõġʮ߿С˵ķӦѾȷǰ˾Ǽΰ΢Цı飬ڼֱϵĺ鲼㻹ԶѲġ
ֻԥһ˲ʱһĪը죬ǫֻҲԼһƬ飬Щճ鲼׷¡
ͬʱĺͼסĿڱǣ⿴ŵĹУȴһɫķâ
ǵâϸСֲڲеУѱ˷
Сһ۾ľ˳ȥһײһöϡ
ľͬʱ䵽£öµľֱӱ봩͸롣
ǫһ£Щϧ̾˿漴̧ͷʮߣ嵭ƽͣʮ߹ҪץΪȴҪɱ
ʮĿ䵽СϣƺЩգ㲻̫飬ʲô
ǫЩյƫһͷΪʲôÿһζشҵ⣬һҡ
С˵ĻȴʮߵĻɣϧڲ̽ʱĽܿ죬һɺƶȻʮߵؿڡ
ʮƺη/һ㣬˱ȥǽҲһͬ˷䡣
ῲӰ죬һһƬԲٴֱ˹
ʮϸϸü΢΢һȹһһķ۰ڱڼ῵Ľ·ϣֱ˺ն䡣ѭûͷ㡣
ʮߵıҲӡ񻨼趯һֻ׵䡢ȹھ˸յ·ڼǰȴһʤ㣬ֻƾЩϢĳУ뼾´ֲ¡
῵ĽҲѵʮߵǰͷʮߵ˿ڲһѪ˫գٴγһĨɫòɻָ
ҲǻʮһЦԼῷŵֵһȫûϡҲֻԼż´һжԵƬ̣оԼǻʹҪôɱһδĶ
ῲδشĽܿ죬˼ַǫ
ʮҲӲӣջ˽ڼϵĺ䣬˿üһΡһΣԼûٳˡ
ûжԲߣСͻȻץסżС˱ֱԾϷ뿪
еҲ¶档һܲһ£δڹ컯֮Ӳ
С£ʱȴ˵һ֡
ʮ߹Ī˴̿ͣһʮɫʱЩ԰ףǾ˫֣Ȼ¡ٲŴƣϿնʱһƬ컵ĺ죬Ȼͷ¡
῵ƶһ߽ɫ档ԼȫһƬɫ졣
ʮߵһ˿ɫѪҺ΢΢ζһ¡ͬʱҵѸϵǵΪһ۱ϳ῵ֶаʱһϲԭǴ̿ͣǹͣ󣡡
ʵƽʮ߹Щ߿ƽûʲôʩչֵĻᣬʱǷ׷ʹԼĿұ죬ס῵ͬʱͥԺвһͬƬɫգС
ȥ˫۳Իһ߽ɫȥɴתͷһɨƲɱˣܿ԰ɣ
ῲˣɫҲʱվٴγΪ˹סʮ¡ͥеϣսһֽסؿڣСĵϢ
һֲǸˡʮɱ֣ϢĲ῵Ĳ
޷ػ޷ܡãʼձΏõС˵һվڼ῵ļϣѾû˿ԵָΪס⿰ȽԲԪӤһ
ǫ״ɫƣƿϸơ
ƺʮߵһ˿ˣ˫Ҳ૶˵ţԲ𡣡
ʮߣס֡һͥԺ⴫ʮɫһ䴹ջء֦ͷһӺӹү
ǹͣçײӿᣬȻõԸһ׳֮˵ĸоʵѹ꣬۽ҲһƬϸơ˵첻ʮߣȴֶ˶٣һ˿ػǲˣ
ʮƺЩ飬̧ۿӣֻܵͷϴʮߴͲܣʮ֪ˡ
̾һĿʮߵƵ˲Զ῵ϡһ׳һʾ䣬ȴǲɣλӦ£
ῲûлش˵ĻֻüϵСˣŭڡ
΢Цһ£촽ȴֻʮüѯʣҷ˵ϵģ
ʮԥãڻ֣صͷ
жʱһƬϲβϸƶʱ˲١żΰЦʵûһñ常ֻ곤㲻٣Ǻ£ôﶼ̫ڡ
´ǫصĵУ䱸ؿš
̸²˱ǳִǲܵġ㲻ִ׽Լ⣬ۿִԼȫƶҲ޹ϸ𡣡
ִϾȻһ˿Ǹ⣺ǡʲô񷨣㼾ῡ㲻ɣ
ῲδشɫһ˿ɡ
ִֿ˷űһֱסСˣиһ˵ʲô顣̷Ը˱ϯԵյ͵ĿΪΣñȾһݵ֮ꡣʲôҲǣæ
ִ͵ĿĲ֪ʱֱ뿪̽ڣοܽ䱸ɭϣҪȫ˿Ҳס
ǫȻҲ뵽һ㣬ļֱȾĪ
῵ͷһСˣɫĪ⣬֮Ӧ˵á


55 ս
ͥԺķɳµĲ޶ȫͬ, ʯɵСͤѾڳһµľƲˡִ뼾῿˺һ, ջѹ϶ʮ㡣
ǳĴ֮ǫڼ῵ļϻ˻νţеϧĿԼԲĲȡ
һͥԺеʱǱЩѵһõƵļӳţһͬͥԺⲻԶĵطʱ׼һʤ㣬Խɱ
ֻǡҪҹ
ǰľƲ, һδ
ʮ߲һЦֵ̧һƣȴ͵С˵ǰ㻳СҲϲơ˵ûȲˣζҲǲοͨ, ˵Ҳҳ취, һƲ
ԭעܣͨĸֽǿн˻, ̲סһŭü壬ͷͻеСĿԣ漴㿴Сƴҡͷ
ź֪ʲôŮͨ, ǫεǰ˶ľƱôǸϴõ𣿽Ʊûƿ, ȴƵһƬ
ǫΪĽ˻, ȴῸһİס
һƬ, С˵, Ҫ޲ס
ǫԵļ῵ֱۣʵûҪصԼ嵱СҺҳԻȥһǶǸûгᷳһҪǷŲɵСӡ
Ҳ֪ʲôԼܵ˵̫⣬Լ͵˻ҵС
⻢Ѩýûôס
ҲʲôĻͨ𣿡ʮߺЦ֮ĶУ漴ΰССؽУ֪ʲô
῿СһЦش϶
үǫһۣСͲˡ֪ǲĴῺС˵̬ȸıˣ
ڷǫ˼ʱͻȻʮߵһ֪㲻ͨ飬Ҳ֪㲻϶й¶ڣÿһ˿ҶԷȰòҪ֦ƴ˱үһΪޣҲһɱ˼ῡ
ǫһ㶣ŤͷʮߡƯŮǹº͵Цݣȫûһɱġ
һʼ·е󷨾ͲΪ˷ֹԼܡĿʵֻһü
ΏǺԼС˺ʮ߷ĬƬ̣㣬лҪ϶
ȻԣʮҲҪͲˡʮ߶ԼЦȣǫȴĵ
ʮֿСһۣ뿪ʮ뿪ͥԺ󣬼´ϵľƲһɨںСˣĿԡ
ǫԭһ¼ῡͶΪߣӻû־Ͷϼ῵Ŀ⣬Щ֪룬ʶѿƱ
ûдǫĶȴѾ㣿ɤƣ㷲㲹һ䣺𣿡
˵Ķ֪ʵ˭ǫЩͷҹ˼ⱻʮԼһԴ˵ʵЩѡ
῵ƬûеȵС˵Ļش𣬵ԼЦһָסС˵ĶͷûϵѾ㹻ˡ
ǫԵĿ˼һۣգһηſԼ
ҲкܶҪʼΰЩȵȫسֻ֮½ҹ磬޺硣
ǫȴ·𿴳ı飺£һᱣ㡣
ǫһ£üһЦ
Цɾʱ¹

ִ鷿ǰʮŶ롣
Уִ鷿һСӡҲΨһ󷨣ִֻʮ߲ڣʰɨ£Ҳʮȥ
ʮ߽鷿ˮ
ִϣüͷʮˣеݲЩͣվӭʮߣ᣺ôһЩ𣿡
ʮ֪е鶼ǿԼģ־Щ̡鷿йִĻŮӻЩΣʮƣȴûһŻĿ
ϻһδɵ»Ůӻ񣬴·Ҳʮһģһȴǰڰ¶һ˶ĵ
ִ·ûʮĵ𶯡ȥʮϵ£ָϸϸ౳ϵĵͼ΢ЦˣҪҪ
ʮüЦһ֪үҪʲôͨʿһˣ
ִָͣٿʮߵĪЩӶ񣬸Щʹġʮ߽¼ϣִֶһЦʮ߶ײүү𷣱ǡ
ִûʮߵĻ˵ʮߵãһԼ˵ȴǹ¹Į˵֣
ǡ
ִΪܴӳ
ʮ߶˶٣Żش
ĸһʮ߱оԼĲִ͵ؿݵĳ͵ر㽫ʮ˺ݺݵƵǽߣΪβ˵
ʮûлشִ¶һ˿µЦ
ϧֻһ֣ȻٴνʮײǽϣǰûңΪʲôҪҪɱ𣿡
Ϊ˶үĳͷʮߵϢִסЦ˫ַסִ֣үҲ
˳ִ˹ȥεԼеֶȥִ
ִʮߡû֣Ǿֱȥ

ҹĻ٣Ĵ˹ƣɫĵõƻڱƱĵǹ⡣
ԶãȵŮžµĲʼ䴩
һδͣʮ̤һ°ɫˮ䳤ۣȹչɵĵɫͬɫ׹ڶǰӯĲҡڡ
ͤڣЦԭļΰӣү롣
Ѿָ˱òԽС˷Żؼϣٲ߳š
𣿡˲ʱʮͻȻ˵ҿ԰뿪
תͷһʮߣɫȴЩĪ⣺롣
῵Ȼ룬ҪҵʵѾҵˣҲ˸еҪȥǸط
Ǹ˱ɻƣˮ裬̸ŵġ
ôûа취ڵĴϣ᲻ãҲԸ⡣
ϧʮЦЦҲû⣬תͷǰ·
ִ磬῵˻û߽ʱһλűɳĹվھ޴Ĺϣڼ̤ʱżһ̤˼ս
ϵִ΢΢һЦһԼԵλãؾ
һ۱ϳ˻Χ˹ԼˣɫȻִָλϣȴ˿ûжӵĴ㡣
Ǵеķǫ̽ͷһ۾ϯԼһֱơ
ôθڣִ˿ûлشĴ㵹Ҳ̫⣬սָһûһŹĵ˵͸һͬƽñɣֻϲսģ֪῿ùߣ
῵ͷŻзǫɫһҹʱֻһʱͣƬֱ˵ʵүҪʲôֱ˵
ִû뵽ֱףһ۾΢΢𣺡ȷʵ롭һá
Ļһ䣬սøӼ꣬·ֱӽսУ


56 轣
ޱ޷, ΨĸԳƵ, ִȻ, 罫еĴ, ǰҲƵ, һ, ׺Ǹ衷ǵ±ʿ磬Ĺ¡
󣬼῱鲻䣬ȴѾС˻ס, ס˽ĿִҲ
ߣҲˡִ΢Ц˫Ⱦһ־⣬, Ȩˡ
СļῡῶʱС˵˼, ԥһ£ִӵҪҵ
ǡ
ΪΣ
Ϊ˾һˡ
֪ǲǴ, ƺִһЩꡣ뵽˷ǫ뵽ԼӵеѵСˣɵͷȥ
ִʶϻ岢ͬ仰˵øӡⲢüῷ½䱸, ʱ̼ǵԼҪ, ҵ, ſԾǸˡ
Ȼƾ̣ȴΨһҵǸط
Ὸһ죬ȴС͵һ¡῿һۣǫͲɵСҪԼˣæ㡣ֻһƣԼѿһ㡣
ҲСϵƺֳ֣üͷָĦһСˣԺʲô˵ģһұǣְԼˡ
ǫ̲ס˼һۣ漴Ŀһת۲ܡдأԼ῵Ϊɱ˲ѣѵ
ı廹ڵĻ
ǫû꣬ĿЦЦʮߡ
ﻹһõʲôˡǡڴʱĸȴͻȻͣ٣ʱɫȴḻһЩȻѾ˹
ִ΢΢һü
ʮȻȴǻһ̴ӯӯЦүհ磬ʮԸԽˡ
ִͷʮ֫趯ϳһɺɫֱָΏ
ɫ䣬ԶʣסʮߵĽ档ܼĹĵУ˽֯һ
ִɫһ䣺ʮߣס֣
ʮ߲ӡڹĵвסԼ῵Ҫȥ䲻Ѱ£Բúƴ󣬽ȴȻغϺʮ֪߱ԼĽȲΰнʱȴָ˼῵ĻС
СͻȻһ˿ɱ⣬һ̲סüῲʮߵͼɫʱһ˿Ͻ棬ɱݺᡣ
ִԼ´ϵ˷ŭ󣬶˹ֵĹ鳡ó޹ġ
ĹĸȻѵصĽʿʲô˵Ҫأ䣬˵㲻ȴԶ֮ǰҪơȻϵǣִһʮȴ·𱻹ƣ˵ÿһλģôʮߵϡ
󾱡СֽŹؽڡʮһʹʹؿһִջ˽ƣ·Ĺؾ衣
´ͬһ٣Ȼܵ߳ˡĿһùĵĳһԥվջ˽档
ǫļΰոռȻû󣬴ʱͻΧΣա
ῲۿŮ죬Эһ衣
һˣִ׿й鳡ŭ壬ʱȴЦô绯꣺һʱĸ輼ղտ׳ˡ
ĿƳʮߡ
ִһЦоƱȴݺʮߡʮ߶϶ʱƱҳһӡǲż΢΢һЦӯӯһݣʮçײˡ
˵ţʮߵ
Ҳٶ롣ʱоӿֻһѾƽ̧ͷһ£ͻȻ룬ԼôãǲǽҲ׵ˣ
̲סḧСˡ
ǫ֪ῳʲô裬Ȼûи֪Ǽ῵ĶͻȻԼĴҪһļƤˣ̲סԱߴ˴ܡһȴ֪ôģͻȻ΢ЦҲŶˡ
ʲôôöˡҲʲôܵȵġ
СЦһۼΰ벻ͨС̵ʲô
ִżΰֲ³ʮ߷Ž轣еĴɱܺ῵ҲǷһЩƻַһֻ¾Ʊ̸ܽ˲Ī֡
ջǰˣںٳˣͻΧļж󣺡㵽Ҫʲô
˵ֻһ޶⡣ִЦ˵ţȻҲֿտգֻԵµΪҪЮҹǱ󡣱ԴΪΣ
ǰ˰벽ִǺ޽䱸ԸоɱԽִʮߣ΢΢һ۾
ܸоԼ߽·ֺŮ˾ƴҲԼү˵
῵Ļ˵ִ꣬סеķǫҲһ¡Сǧ̫ܳţΪʲôģ
ʲôطǫ˼Ƭ̣δԺصĵ
ִü˼Ƭ̣ط˵Ըꡣ
ῳһ£ִνĴţֻȥԼΪ֮Ѱͨĵ·¡ִһֱʮ۲תȫСϡ
ǫ÷˸ɴſԼʲôȥ롣
ãִȻ˵ԭߵ֮أǾѹֱ֪ˡ·ģбԻҵڡ
θܵ춯ʱٴμȻûҵ쳣ĵط
ĬƬٴο˵ô
˵һִŵ˵һˡ
á
ã
Ὼͷǫͬʱش𣬿ϧǫĻʮ֮ûʮִ˵Ҫһ˵ʱ򣬾Ѿûˡ
ִ΢΢ǣл

᷿Уһ綹
ǫվߣΪĵԱ߿Сص
ǰֻСôôãȴô
СתƵԽԽˣ̲סҪòײͣһЩСŭɶƿΰԼƵź˺ü
С˵ļ֡
С˾͵һżΰ档
῿һڶʣоݴڡ
ǫԵɴ۾͵վ˵ʲô
𼱡ָһС˵ԴҶҵڡ
˭ˣΪһ翵Ĵ˵ð̫ܳ죬ͻף
ǫúܱûԼС޷ֹκ£Ϊ£ʮôŹֵڣԼûرĳЩϢ˼ӣΣ̫졣
⡰ǡĻԵôôçôӣ
ۿβָ˹ǫֱץסָ޲ܵѳһָҧֻǷǫһգġ
ɰüȴºࣺһѣ˲ңغ¡
ǫ̾׷˽


57 
̸סƹѲ, ִͬȻһ, 䳷ȥͥԺе󡣵ȻﶼϵȻ, ׽ѳ
תתƱ, ˽ҹĵһھ, ľƶԽ˵ˮ𡣵֪Ϊ˵һκ, ӷһ·ȥ
ȻоץסԼǺҹУȴůġ
ΪƵãʵǸһƬѡ
ǫ֪һȥѾƶϳԼж, ЩźؿżῶŵľƱ
춼̵СˣûдڵıҪ
ῴͷβֻһƶѡɢϯŮ;᷿Ϣ
һ磬῵ķһľڡ
ִ⣬ɢɢ, ҲǸ𲻾, ûϴ¡£֣˽º, 赭д˵Щǲ޵ĵط־ڣЩӼǡ˵Щ쳾طҲΪ٣á
῵˵ͷ, ߵǰһ۾ 
ִӻȡһ, ݸ˼ΰһȫͼ, á
ῲһ㶡ִЦ⣬´ӹ⸱ᴥֱ֪ЩͷֻõֽŲᷢࡣҹ͵Ʒ
չᡣΪֻѰͼչŷעʮϸ£ÿһԺʲô֣ÿһС¥Ǻι磬ӬͷСдһԣ顣ʲôԺӦסʲôˣмԺ˿ͨеʱעһʡ
һ£ͼ֮˵Լоؽҡүһ㶼ܻ䡣
ִԼеǷƺ⣺¶߶
ִ˼̫֮ɣ῵ķ¶ۼؿһһԳԴϷķǫһ˿Ц⡣ִԼԽڣ˵Լϵ˵жҪ֪ǫʱڵʲôⶨһġ
ǫ̾һӴˣʱ򻹾ԼرΪ룬ȷʵס
Ǵ޾ͺˡ٣ͺˡ
ῷеĻᣬִҪô
Ѿ׵¿￴һڣҸпҲòǲе£֪һȱЩ鶼ҪһЩִʼպЦ̸仹ǵˮ©ļƣĳ㣬һ㣬ȥ
Ӧá
ǱͲˡִһЦת뿪ߵſʱͣһ£һݸΰˣǵµĶ
һ¡էէϲһԼĴһֱ䲻̫ļ䣬͸᲻µĶһҲϣлл
ӦõģǱСʮçײˡ
ǫϣէһԼյĴҲ鸴ӣűʸ˳˼ִϷ㣬δػķǱϲô˿أ뿪ʱ
Ҫ˵ĵģӵӲǼԸԸӡ
ִˣҲǰһϵСˣĿ̤˷ţִǰŸߣ˷š
ŸһأǫȲֽϻһ֣ߡ
ǫŵıʱ˶дּһʲһʡϸĿϳЦ⣺ȥĶ
ǫһۣ֪ʵĺ塣
һڷ˵ˣҵطߵġ
ǫԱΪڼ῵ϴ˹ֻУ῵ǰһƬ
Ҳ⣬һֱ̧ȡ˷ǫëʣ鵽һԡ
һױڵСеˡǫֿʼﻳɴˡ
ǫһ῱㿴ǫһСɾµϵīۣź֪ϲǫһη£ֻҹ̫ʱ仨ڰǫǫԼǺĿϣڲЩԵϾִĴҲǼʱ
ӴȡһصĹ£ͷǫ̫װֺ޲ҲƵġ
ǫôһ£˿·Ѿ˳ۺܾˡԼû˼¡
ῶʱԭС˻Ⱦī£ȴһջ֣ת˵
ɡ
ǫֱ㿪ʼ鳶ȴһ𤳤һƾԼѲ
῱ȥι󷴶Ƭײʱһתͷͼǫڶʹʱļڲһµ쳣ʱסҪҡҡ׹ķǫЩɳƣ
ǫüȻȻſ֡
ֻ⼾ῡ˾ϸµĴˣôСһľôѸ·Ϣֻһֱڶǫɨһۿ⽩ӲļΰǱסȥұΰڽǫһ²⿪ҲһȻתȥ
Ķ䳹׺ˡ

ʱȹСŮ뼾ῡ
ǫϰץס῵ֱۣ׼½ȴ῰ס
ûǫȥȴʵķһڣٴνС˴СԭδһνŽ
ǫŵؿϤڵĿռ䣬һʱ侹Ȼ˷Ӧ
СŮ᷿һ̤ȥ㿴޴Ȫӣ᷿յʣܿˮŮ˴ԼӰ
ִ¹࣬վˮر߶ԼһЦˡ
ſˮ峺ɫ筺ɫġ
·ģȪˮ˵һ⣬塣ִɫϿң͵ºġ
ȻǵüƽֽˮУҲһġ
ִʧɫԴǸֿ⡭辭ɶ֤޻ġԿ彣ءһ˿ףٴɱ
һˮ죬ټִĿᶨݿ϶ԼòǼޡҲɻһ£Ҳʱѵ̤ˮС
ȻǴһ彣ġ
ִҲһһԣأָסһϢûзֻרעؿš
῵ڣϢ䣬һƽ˳Ȫˮϵһˡ
Լ˵κθоһߴŮ˵ġ
῿һߵˣжϸڵӦʮߡִվڰߣĿضŸڣüͷҲ
Ź˰ʱҵʱ䣬˻ˮеִɫһ첽˹ȥ
ذɣˡԶˡ
û˵Ȫˮϵˮ˳ȥ
ʱСŮ⣬˵ǻȥǣ
øҡͷҲ߳Ժ䣬˵ĹսǴеС˷˳
ǫȻ⣬ʶ۾漴ŤͷΰֻСַȻû£
Сһα˳ɹǣһα˳ĶǵС
ϮҲôҰɡ
֪ǲΪ֪˷ǫݵԵʣܴҪĺ壺û¡
ǫɵؿ˼һۣɫƽʶ˿漴һ˹ȥ
Сӣ


58 Ұ
Ƭ, ǫˡԼ῵ִ, ǫҲûƢ, ԾļĲӡ
῵Ķˡ֪ΪʲôԴ֪ǫֻС˺, С˵һһ·֪Ǳ⡣ʱģ῾֪ǫԼŵȥ
ҲߣϤһĵ˼
˼á
չִĻ, ŲִͥԸҲȷʵ׵и·, ˱һ, ͣ, ȴȥ, Ժ֮Ҳǳ, , Լῶ
ֻǵ߽ΧǽʱͷǫԵĸо˵Ŀⶼϡ
һԣ֪Լһɵı߽ںδҲ̽ĵ, һ·԰, ԺΪ˱ӣصƿ˸ŮľӴ, , еʮߵסԵһԺ䡣
һԺƧ, ֻһͨ԰֣һƬأҶͤͤǶ۽ྻһˮ΢壬ʢʢʱ⡣
ῳ˼Ƭ̣߶ܺ޷Ӧ
Ҳ֮СҲ룬һԣӴȡһڣֻҹһԡ
Լûз֣̬뵱ɾԽԽˣһɷģ
ǫÿӼǣӼ῵ļۿҪ桱Լǫ̰ڰ֣һݴԡ
̲סЦһ£Ҳ׷ˡ
ǫ֪ŹԼˣҲһɡССһֻҰȫ羰ʲôͬһ˵УʱķʽҲ˵ƶˮӱһسˮʯ
һööǫԽԽģһһѣɢ
һǫЩ쳣ץһСʯ߶ߴսرߡ˵ǫֻôߴ磬ܼGСʯӸ΢ɼˮвȴȫǫʯӸţһȦһȦйɣ㲻Ѱˡ
ǫյˮߣˮԽԽ
ڿһ¼֪ǵֻǳĹ̸£м׮š῱ԽԽִ֣͵顭Ҳ֪ǲԼģôԼҵҰȤˡ
ٷĴûУǿصһ׮¡
˵УһλŮʧ衣ү㽫ŮͳյϸһʷʣǡŮȴ뿪һرǻգͶˮԾ
ر߱ʼչ⴦ԺҲԴ˻ķϡɳȴԽԽ˾ޡʶĳƫΪЦ̸
ŲΏпʱͻȻһ㷽ǫǱߴһ㶯ʶعͷŵؿ˹ȥȴǫһϣһãץŻ꣬Ż֦ҡڱǰζ
һ׼ֽС̻ذϣнŲ
СŮߵɻرߣӯӯһݣ£ү롣
ῶ΢΢һ٣һ˲ǽڻеķǫ˻·ɡ
ǫԼıУڼʱЩ˰֮⣬Ҫոյȥˣôûһˮأ

ִһ鷿żΰʮߴʱҲУһ԰Ϊִĥ
ִͷ˹ȥˣ
ῲźۼؿʮһۣɫЩ԰֮⣬κȻִ֪ΪҪЩԼ޹ء
£
ִһܺݸΰ͸¶٣²֮ͻ˵Ҫˡ
ῶܺûȤִʶӹһǳϣ沢ֻԼ˳һ໹оЩĶ
ǫſڼΏнܺϵֿһ΢΢һ㶽ŵִ
ܺɲӦһɢүˣ޽䱸ܺīŶ޾ͽ῿ǫЩϢүġ
Ҳüɫؽܺ˻ȥ˶Щô죿ҽȥ
ִƺϵΏôʣЦҡҡͷ
ῲͷü
ִܺջأϸϸصã¼ȳͬˣ㽻ȥ˵Ŀʵ壿
ῲӣҵԼֻ֮ڣ˿ʵ
мȻ֪㲻᲻¡
ִ˵һۣͳɣ˵ʲôĵƯɴӱڸһУһˡǲ޲һСܣûͷֵ˵۶ġ
ҪΣ
ӲͷԸִǻЩ֮һȤûУֻ뾡ҵ䡣
ⷲҲһ˶ѡ
ִһЦż῵ޱϬʦ
Ļִû˵꣬˵ĸ֮󣬷ǫקһ¼῵ͷ
῱ȥִЩǫָָ⣬˵ֱ˳ȥ
ǫڼ̤ʱͷһۣպöִЦЦı顣
ǫЩءЩŽƫƫд档ǰԼῳңȴ˲ܵжϾɱòῲʮꡣֿʼ켾ϵ
ִһСүҲԼϵҰģνҲִĿģͷβüΰλá
ô˵СΰǺã¶Ǳ
ǫǰ̫ӣѩ÷عɽ£һ޵徻
СӽһʱЩ徻עȥ˰ɡ
֪˷ǫĹǣ뿪صƫУСϡ
СǸ˵ü¶ǺΣͷһһ˵ģֻӦˣûȤ
㵹ǲ㲻òǫϥϣӡ
𶯡üסǫ֣ˣǷܺΪֻһۣʵҶˡ
˵ţ΢΢滹ڵĴӡ뾩ҲԶȻǾˣ߰һͬǰοΪأûִôֻױԼһ䣬ǵĶ򡣡
գǵ޵ʱֻ硣˵ţԼԾж˼ֶ飺⼸գұҵڡҽȳΪ־˵ĳŵʱҪߣ˭ǣ
شûסǡ
ǫ̾˿ߵǰ֪Ϊż῵Ļʼ̫ˡ
ʱɼ̫⣬Ȼһֵˣ»кܴһɿ̫
ź£ǷƮҡ


59 
ῶڻûͷ, ǫȴͻȻص
޷, ǫԥһٴξë, ȡһεľ顣Աʵߡ
дȻɲÿô˵ʶ, ·ûꡣ
῿˷ǫ飬һ£ŻȻСȥͯӵԵɣʶȹճһĨЦ
ǿɰ
һ˲, ϾͱС˵һī֭
һŷָոģѾʶѿڶˡ
ЦԲֽ̧ϵīϸϸȥ, ԭźƤ, ֽС˷˼硣еʱ֮, ŸԿء
ǫڼ῵ļ, ż´Ų, ǫ°ͿԶ
С˵ľԺǿ, ȻʶľУûɹǣ޷֮ͨСľ˸׵, Сľʱֻ˼ٻ, ԴӼСϺЩԿء
ʱƽ, ơ
˵˾ȱԡ
, ͨ, Լʱûоͷһߣǲʵоͷģʱȥ᲻ȼһҵڣҲͲվ
Ӽ֪Լº̫ŵĴǫҲ㱣֪Լþǲԡ
ǫջ˼ʱѽִرߡῶ˶٣С˷ͤеʯϺԼߵ˳رߡ
صӦаһڴɨСֵǳˮҲû峺ῶָδˮ棬ȸоˮĴ̹Ǳ
ῶһ£һˮʱȦȦҲ쳣
ԣϵķǫԶˮոռˮʱһ˲ˮӿ
ͺһˮݸǿһ
ǫע⵽ĵ㼾ȻҲˣüͷɽȴһϲ
ˮ״µʲôûУֶ顣
֪뿪ִһһ¶ڱ˼ӵ¡ûʲôִίߵ˼ʱֻ졣˵ʱŸյƻ裬յĹδüƷ죬ῼȻѾȷ⣬Ըӡ
ˮûԵֱǺӿһ߽ɫˮ
ˮٴƣһΣȴŤ
ĳһ˲䣬ǫеȫ˼῵ķ򣬵ַ·ֻǴܿԭλ
ǫ̲˲ࡣʯһԾ£ٵῡ
Ҳע⵽ԥƬַųһȷϲԼۻ֣Ȼʱȴоˮʲôק֣ͼȥ
ڼԥʱС۶ѾûˮУĳˮ͸ӣʶһ·
ǫ˼ɫ졣
ӣҲó᲻÷Źѵõһ䡣
С̫̣һ·ȥٶҲ죬ֻؿż῱ˮܵرʱˮǷһƬһûոˮļȥĶˡ
ǫƬ̣һʱЩζӳ£ԭۿ˴Լǰʧָо
Լıӡ궼ˣҲǰ;δ˵ȥҲܴô޻صԼأ
ǫе˵˼ſСȣͨһҲȥ
صˮ浴һȦһȦϦ֮£׵ҲЩů⡣һ磬Ҷҡر߶һȹһ˫㡣
ʮЩηؿһߵ̫ԸԼòӳˮСɵ𷽲żС˫˫ˮĳ̲ס΢΢
ȴȫǱʹޡЦڿޡ
ʮ߲̧ͷգһµĺۼ
ͷҲص뿪

һԸɾǧ꣬ԸԸͬ࡭
Сûпڱǣصˮвú¡ֲЩ죬ˮϿӷ峺ףɵ˲ŷַܽԺڣԼһīء
ǫֽ⻮£û̫ͣ˵ˮѾΧˮֻڸǰһ֮أ͸ˮļںδˡ
С̫СٷҲϲϼ῵ٶȡǫɴж³ˮС
֪˶ãԭڶߵˮ·Ҳʧˡ޵ļžУŮӵ֣ЩϤʮߣ顢ȡת࣬һֲǻ˻ܳһ㡣
أȥĶصС˶ŵף뵱ץϹĶȥҼΰ
СоͺˣĻ
ǫûпһСΧôŵʱȻһᣬϤɹǳӯĸо»صڣһʱ侹Ȼеİ
Ϊ̣ߵĿȻҲԶʤˡ۵ĺˮʱٲ谭ˡ
ĿһµСˮƮƮ䡣
ǫʶץסСˣֵ¶ƺˮҪһЩ˾ƺôůѵСˣһ¡
ǣˣ
ԡǫ֪׷֣С⣬оԼ¶ȡ
ҪˣС˵ͬһβ㣬ڵĳˮѰҼ῵ڡ
ȻǲҪˮеľ緽ǫϣ᲻þŹϢԥˮС
ˮỺͬĵŮӣؽ磬һ·ص
ȻˣҲҪӡ˳Ӧˮǣһ·ȥ
ȻҲŮ˵ĸ
ֻһͷ֪ǽСװҲ֪᲻ܡ֮Ŀ㱻ˮеһŮ
ϸ˵ǸŮ˲ΡֻˮӿõΡ˫ֳżῸ߸Ƶȴż῵ӵһ㡣һƬڰˮ䡣Ŀˮж㲻
üͷоŮӽһƬڰԹɣûʲôϵѡ˴С˸쳣⣬໹ΪһвѰĲ
ڣУȴǶҲܲ
ѵҴ˵ط̸ֻأȴ
Ȼ˾Ҫһԡοʦֻڰߣ̫ܵõʱ䡣
ôż῵ĽѾˣлһɽâֱһʱȫնϡ
ˮŮ΢΢һ㶣ɪһ£ΪԹµ޷ǾǸ֮Ķбģ
ˣǸŮҲûĺˣڶݵĳɹ󣬷˼ῡ
Ů˵ٶȺܿ죬գ֮ڼ῵󣬼ſʵģԹû


60 
Ů˵ֺ, ڼ῵Ĳϡһ˲Ľ洩͸š
ŮŲӣȥˮȻ
ῴͷβûлͷ, ŮѾʧˣԵҲƱһضϡ
ûеŮˣôᳪأ
῵ͷոһ˿ͷ, ĺڷϡоЩϤ, ǰʮһޡͬʱĶȴ϶ĺ
ῡ
𽥷ֱ治˭šתͷʱ, ֺ񿴵Ƶˡü٬Ǿˮ˳½ɫȾһĺۼ
ͷ˹Լ֡
Сӡ
ǫСһ·ǱڳĿ˼ῡƽ׵һ·ȻʱΰȴֻʣºЦ
῰ڳ֮, Ƽ䶯ŵٳûҲ, ȴòңҲף·һëϧ֮ģ, ָࡣ
ǫǴδ̬, ЦЦԭΧ˰, ֱЩڷʼ῵꣬ųָ֡ΪһĨ˲ٲס῵˿ۿЩӿֽǫҲ̾Ϣǰļ῵ļ硣
Ȼ˫Ŀתͷպÿǫݡ΢΢һ۾һ˲ָ˷ǫĲһ⡣
ǫһˮ˺ȥܿһУЩĪЩͷԹأȴû٣ѵ˼῵ǣ
ϧˮ²˵ǫһ߱ܿῺУһüضԼ῱Ȼͼü侲һ㣬Լ˭
ڵڶγʱѾԣȴûֶǽȴаǰʦһģһˡ
Ȼջؽȴ֮УСؽ䱸ţɫȴʶһĨصڴ
̫ˡü£綬ѩףһЦ¡
ϵϢҲһģһзζ޶¡ôأ
ǫüȻһͻȻһԼѷǴ֮ҡҡԼСȥɵСӣû
ʦ֡ſ죬ȹһںˮ븹У̲ס˼۽ȾѪɫϢһң޺ڷԼˮ
ǫԼܻи˵˭ɵ˭ɵı¡ֻתһ룬Լһ˵ˣͻȻ˴żͻȻʵˣҲѹ˼ҷӦôһʱԼˮ
ǫǰͼץסΰҲǫˮʵܲݵʧץ˽࣬ŷǫֱҪסȻ˵ȴش῵ĻҲһա
Ὼͷǫͬʱһ£ǫãصͷ˿Լ״̬ǡ
ǫɿеСˣԼһʵʲôѦ̵Ĵʦ֣
ֻͣһ±㷴ӦԼڴ˵мľôãҲӦ顣
ǸղĽȴնǸŹֵͷҲܸо´ϵ
ԭǵһʵЩͷԡ
῵۾׺ˣ˼ҹ룬ζһķǫͻȻԼԭòǰȴҲĵﰭԼ˫ִдʱЩļ£ֻǫֱϲϴ
ǫͷ˰Σ̾һڣˣˣ뿪
뿪ϣǰҪȥһת˸
ǫʶץˣȴ˸աͷֱȴҲòȥ
ҲҡΪԼܹסȴ뷽ǫǰԼȴȻɼ룬ǲΪˮʱ˲ǫԼ۳˲ָܻ𣿻ܹشǰǸʦ֣һص̫
һǫѾվǰȴǿҵҪҵڡ
ϣܹƽ˳Ļ
ͷῲ֪ΪܾķңһʱҲ˽Լĵ׵Ļǫ֪
賹ɾݡԶɽüСĪѶաһ硭
ˮ֮£ٴδϤĸߡ
῵ֱ׼ˮŲסͷڿǸں׵Ůˡһտɫѣһͷ˿ɢ֪ں˶ãĿ⿴ȴ顣
вûн࣬ؾϷ档
Ȱôãɾȴûг֡
ῺͷǫͬʱͣŮ˵òʮһģһ
ǫģһأ˼ῡ˶һ£븲סǫֱȴǰԼֱϡ
ǫûῸӵ飬ͷڳŮӣǸҪˣҲ֪λүûеˮ¿һ
Թ죬Ҫˣܾ߲ˡ
ῺûǫĻһ㣬ŮˮȤޡֻǷ룬ԼôץԼֱۣܸоǫƤϵϸݸоʵ
֪ʱῺ顣
ǲſǫͼΰǳɫ֮ɨ󶨸ڼϡ˫Ư۾ǺȻ˹⣬ӰһĵƮ˹ɾҵɾ𣿡
ۿˮµŮԽԽԼߵȴҲ
ǫһЦֱ㽫ƿǰǿнŮͷԼλС㣬ϴˣɾ
Ҳ֪ǲͬԴԵʣûжҲʵʵסŮͷҽԴһٰʮȵתһʱЩ㤡
ǸǫҲʶԼĶеͻаհλ˽ͷȥͼһϣֱ롣
ȻԹûѪⳡʵڲ̫ÿǫʶתͷһãؿῡ
˲⣬Ҳôݵְɣ
ڷǫɿֵһ˲䣬ĵ׵㳹ױ˳ִ̫էϲէ̲֮סֱɱС
᲻ãֻǷֿһ˲
ǫûʱԼ῵СϡĻ棬ΪԭгԹĽĶԼ
Щɿ֣˿һξ롣
ǸոշǫԴĶΪֱۣŮʶԱߵļΰٴƮǫྐྵǴչҪĲɾ㲻ǵ𣿡
ǫ֪ΪʶȿΰȻϵһ⡣
֪Ϊʲôһ֮еĸо
ǫЩЦؽŮһѰˮ൱Уͬʱܿ˼῵ĹתͷһؽΰԴŮҪЩȻԺȢš
漴ٿԼһư˵ŮĳȰɵС㣬Ůܲףοз֮ǻᱻġ


61 
ǫεϷˣŭԹ, ϺɫԹڣԭɫ·
Щ˶Ů˵ţͷԹԼ, ˷£˷ǫ뼾ΰͺһԹ޵ĴڼῺͷǫϡ
ǫһЦ, Щͷɵûд, 㱻ƶڻ
ɲٰŮԴǱ㽫Ůͷ˿Уһ, ǧմӸ䣬ܿһغˮ֮ûټ
ŮƬ̣Լĺףһ˫ӯӯˮۿɼʪˡ
ʲôɷŮãһε࣬Աˡ
纮˪ֽҲ, ͱǫһΰס֡
̽ԭ, ƶ
ȵһ¡ǫһְż῵ûɿһֻŮļ򣺡ͼݣʹɷ֪ص׿ͨطͨ
Ůתͷŭ˷ǫһۣһ̾ͱ絶Ŀŵٴ˻ȥ, ǫӵ
ǫ̾˿, εؿΰŻ, ǻҪ·ء
Ѫɫȥ˫ǣĵطȴŮ·ʱ
˵㲻ǻӦǸñʲôݣҪһˣǫŮµس鴤ŵıӰĪĲ̵ĸоǵе㴽ݺ˳ɾλˣǸɡȻﲻɳŵҲεġ
ῳĬһ£һƬѡ
Ůһִ꣬ǶȫȻҲλүһλƾǰľٶɱҲɱˡ
῿ŷǫ֣˼ƬǳŮĲϣ˵ش𡣡
Ůһ£һãתͷҲ֪תĹˣǸոձǫˣǽͷת˱󣺡Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ǫûĹ͹Ź֣ʵˮ¿гֹʲô쳣𣿡
Ůͷ룬ӱŤֻĿƲؿŷǫͼˣǲ𣿡
ǫڲֱӵı۾˵֮ǰܲ鷳վӡ
ɫ͵ǰ˵ݽ
Ů²ӿ˵ÿҹʱڵͻἱ𣿡
ҹǫһʶ̧ͷ˿⣬һƬˮУϷŪʲôʱ
Сģ
ǫûпף῵ϻлǣԱ׵ס漴ԼС
Ȼ󡭡Ӽ῵ϴ˹ȥ
һܲǰͨһ£
ͬʱŮŤĻȴ͸˷ǫովĵطԭ޽Բָױ˳ͬ⵶
¹ֱӴ͸ɫĳˮսصףԭϸڵˮ¹ȴ峺
񡭡պҹʱ֣
ǫͼһ£ǶԵĸоˮ쳣ĻԾȴ֪Ϊαε˳С
Ǽῼû취׼ȷӦ쳣࣬Ϊе쳣˳ˮ֮£
еŮͷ¹⣬¶ϣ΢΢ͷԹضϷҵɾˣҵ˺þáþá
ǫƮڼ°ֱͣӴŮ˵ûУһһģһͦҸġ
Ůһ٣Ŀؿǫģ˵Ȣҵģ
ǫü˵ֶסתͷΰλ񣿡
һ䱸ˮµŮһͼѰڣĴ̼֮£ˮȻ˼֡
оף˷ǫʡһ£ػ֣ȴԸǷŮȫûӡ
Ůҡͷ˵ؿһԼ˵һ̨ʣɼȻû취ߣǾ㡭
ǫͻȻһ֣ٴδĻ߷߲ƽ˵̫ˣȻⶼûгɻ飬ʮ߹һƬ顣
ŮȻһ٣Թʤһȴǳķȥġ
˵ǲǰʮ߹ǫͬʱתͷЦ󣬲֪ʱʮߡ
ʮɫǲ԰ףĿԽǫͼ˿ˮµŮˡҲˡ
Ŀ⵱дԵĿ־壬һ˿޷˵ʹޡ
ˡ

һʱǰ
ʮۿżῺСˮУû˱ˮʲôĴڡ
ȥ˺ϰΪҹ֮ػռ䡣ֻѹƣҲ޷ѡ
ҲΪǸ˵ˮһˮŷ·Ĳͬ
һԭΪԼҲữˮеģȴˮеŮ˰취ǸŮ˾뿪صһ̣Ŀ־ȴѹе֪
ʮ뿪˺Ժδعͷôٿط
ֱῳֵһ̣֪ڣŽصļ·˻
ܸ֪Ҳʮߵ֮СҪڣʮҲҪȫ
˵ˣҪΪֻˣԼܻšۿżرߣˮУȴδȥֹ
ֱ߳Ժ֪վ˶õִ
˱ʲôִһһ߽ʮߣɫĪ⡣
ִסʮߣϸϸضǳ񡣡
㵱ңΪ˽ȥʧ£Żʬ޴档ִǻһЩ̲ס۾
ʮɫƽֱִ۾ǡ
ִ̲סָסʮߵ۾ֻһ˫۾ȫЩºӣǻһ˲Լ֮˵˭ΪʲôηƬأ
ʮ΢΢ǣ۾Ǹ˲񣬵ЦȴǸһģһүѵԺǲ̤ĵطҲ
ִɫȻһ£յʮ߶˵֪Ҫδš
ʮ߶һ£ͷܿסԼ˫ĿƣЩĿִ
ǡʮЦЦ޷࣬һһ̤־ĵط
ʮߴʲôˣֿүһֱҪȻ壬ӭǸŮ˻
ִʮߵıӰ΢΢ü󱳹ȥ
ʳǵ˾ͿҪˣʱ῱ڡ

ǫŮ֮İ޾ȫûȤĿϵһɲǱƼΰͬʱָ·
ڸո쳣ʱע⵽˼״֪쳣ֶܼõʱ䣬ȻҪ
ˣܲһֱƮ
㷽ǫѣҲδѰڣŷǫŮĺ󷽡
ΪʮڵԵʣŮûзְǡ
ٴν̽൱Уһ˲޴У츲ذ㽫Ƭض
ǫüͷһܸоһɾ޴·Ӧǹ͵ؽקȥ
ɫ䣬ʶҪǫصԼУԭһȴһ˲黯קһա
ǫΰؽеСԷ
Ҳһ۾ֻصСء
ôţױ


62 
ǫһ۾ʱ, һƬŨ, 졣ʶ׼, ȴֵ˻ȥ
̫ˡ
ʱȻֿ, ֮˴ʱǻͨѪ, ľطû취ãյûصĸоãºˣֳͨˡ
ϥôûϵѾˡ
ôڼȲǻƮ, ǴżǫҲһ, ҡš
ֻˣֻأ
ǫϵѨλͨѪ, һĴȻѾ, һ͸ҳ·õĻ, ҲΏûѾȥأ
΢ϣǫȻָ֪ٴ߽С
Ȼ, һǼʱ
ָое̫Ϥֻǹһʱ⣬ǫҲ, Щ˰۵˼ͣ½Ų, طô, ߶öûƣĸоͷ·, ˵Ǽٵģ
ǫôţְһġ
ʹСôŻܣ۾ʱĵط޲
ǫ̾˿׼ѰһʱȻ̧ͷա
ͼῴľˣ˵Ӧû£һΪʲôƮȥһƬǿգ
˼Ƭ̣ϥһû֧֣ߡ̥ҲһԾ׵شԽŨٴοƬѤǿա
ǫ˵ҼΪ츳ߡɵȥһ⣬ԼʵֻǸƫƴС޵˸ϰĵֻԣר;ʲôżҲԵֶȥġ
˷ǫ֮ǰججûúÿͷǿաҲûӯֻȥƫţƬʵвеһʱͼһͬĻþ
ֻǻþеǺֻǼһƬǿȴʵ·ֿɼժ¡
һϵǳԱãչ¡ǺӶʱɸϸߡ򣬾׼ܵزһŴǫƮƮ·ڵС
ͦģǫüָ̧·׷ŷŶǣȴץס켣ǫȴܵȻָ仮׷һһ׽ĥ͸ȥǡ
տǺת䣬ѰЩ켣
֪˶ãָƺ׽һöŶĹߡһССĹʱƺˡһҲͣפֻһһãȻ޴롣
ӲϵġԽԽĹͣǫ׽
Ѿ֪ƬǹĹˣ⾹Ȼɵһǿգ
ֱϼеǶٶסǫٲɣ̧˳ķһһ̤ƬǿյС

ֻȷǫһȴؿԼֿɼĵطȻʧˡ
ץһգһǱҧһƬѪɫ
ڶΣۿԼǰʧ
һֳţɳֹһأסˡ
۽΢΢СؽСڻУ漴һͷ൱С
ǵ˷ס˼ΰǿڱǱε׷һ϶ȴ·ֻ֪һרע·
һƬڰУ˼ȴ̲סɢ
ȴʦֳ֮ǲǿΪһͽлһֱϲʳ
֪ԼǱ˶ãܳҲ̵ܶʱ䡣ЩҲƾʧоûʲôȡ
£ʱȴӿֱֱ׹ȥ
·һƬһҲֻڵʯ֮䣬ʱѾˡ
˾ˮ֮ϡ
֮˴Ǿӣôһң˲˽ǣʹҲʵʵġȴоֱվʶȥ
ϧûзǫӰ
ûȴҲûˮСֻĴȴúˮȦȦһֱɢĿܼãã
ǡ
῵ͷеСȡ˳С˱ĺܺãһ·ûմȾ࣬ĿСҲͷ˹ȥ¶һɵɵЦݡ

üҲ֪ǽǻʧ䡣
ʦֲϲ޵У޺ô档
ƿߣճɵɵС˷ڼϣͼȥѰҷǫĽ··ǧһ㣬ճھˮϡ
ʶʹͷȴͣסˣǶϸϸؿԼĵӰ
֪ǴϷˮУˮеӰ²һּӰҲϸûް澵Ӱȴ·뾵֮仹ʲôһ῾ٽˮУȦȦУһģһȴƺš
һ˲жԼϵһԾ𣬶ˮƾһֻˮɫֱץСȡɫ䣬ֱֱԾһߣĽûˮϣ飬еĽ¡Ưתͷˮվˡ
Լһģһֻ͸ĺˮɣǻһĨЦ
ѽˮ档ǡˡ첢ûгǹ⿴ҲԶеĺ塣
ɵĸһЩûǸˮġˡüˮ棬⻬羵ˮһβûĵӰ
ǡˡƬ̣ûԼٲ˹ȥ·ʱҲһֱǣź档
ԵͿУ˾ǣˮ˫Ų뿪ˮ棬Ҳһ·׺·˦¹
ʼʱΪ⣬һӺȴ⾵Ȼûб߼ʣµ׵ҲǺӰ
Ǹ컹Ƭ죬֮ȴˮˣûʲôˡ
ͣü£ֵͣ٣ǸˮҲͣ˽Ųͷ
ûõġҰɡ
ˮûгʱЩüһһն¡
ˮ˷·ȫ޻֮ʱαɢɼžؼ䣬ῷ·һЦ

ͻȻˮῲҵһ䣬Уһնˮʱǰַ·ճסȽŵĸоٴλˣһˮ˲δٴαǡΪ
ˮ빥ῡῶɱģһ˿ߣ棬ˮˡ
ˮըѿ´һᣬٴһΣ䱸в֪ԺδĹ
һ¼ϵСˡǸ˵Ļ
ûüȥˮһȻһˮ
Ѿûˡ
üͷ΢ɨȴǴʵ֮ϡ
ˮھеĳβ͵̧ɨῡͬ߶ǿ㿪ˮһδɣһ𣬳һͨˮԾϺȻ
ῲָΪݺƿˮơ˫۽ŲסڶˮϾһĨЦ
Ҫܼǡ


63 
ǹ֮, ǫĽ±Գ·ңǺΧΧ貵ŷǫĿɼ֮һУȴһƬա
ġ
̤ƬǺʱ, Ȼûʲô仯, ȴָ˶ĸ֪
Լ廹ǲ̫һͨת, ɹ, һ˲·ůĺУ֮ǰûûĸоһɨա
ǫ۸ߵĹ, ȥһ, Щ·ʶһ㣬ָܿ⣬һӿȴֲԶ, ʼΧʱʱײһ壬ͬƤĺˣһ㡣
ǫüװһǰ˼ͻȻ׽ԼĺٴǰʱȭͷСĹڷǫв˸װԼ·һᶯһ
ǫ̲ס¶ЩЦ⣬, ʯȥϸ, ʵͨ, ̺ǾǼƷʯ
ǫĦʯ˵ݽ֮ˣԭؼӯʱƷʯѾѼʯһƷʵģ±ϹؾҲҲһġ
תͷܡԣǹļƷʯ
ڷǫһĹװɵ㶵ǿʯ·ҵѵȻʯһЩ㱻ǫε߬
ԣ֣ȥǰ濴ǫʯԼĻڻǿʯȴ·һʵʵشڷǫĵУһҲˡ
ǫһЦЦؿһС㣬ٲǹ
һƬǺ۳ɵĽɫļƷʯ
ǫǰһ͸оʯһ£ƶƬǺη塣
ǫƬ̣̽ǰһѹѹ
ǫεʱһ١ļڣԼ˶Ѿŵ
ֶ˳Ȼ˿Щûʲô·𽫷ǫ˹ޣܲ˵ӿ룬ǷǫɹǵˣһʱҲһ˿Ѫζ
нתѸӿǫ΢΢üǰǳ̾͵Ĵճ̾һ
ǰ·⣬·
ˣɣܱȴǿǫٲ˳ȥͬʱǫеʯַɳֱȥǰ·޵η塣
ǫعͷźؿһʧǺеС㣬Ϊһ·ô˵飬û뵽Сô
ǫźҲֻж̶һ˲ѣ漴ǰȥ
ǫĽԽתԽ졣Ųͥʵᣬ¶İѾϸ΢ľ磬Щѹɹ𵤵У赼⣬̶̼˲޸ʱδ޸ɹǣ˻ΪӤס
ȻʲôͻƵĺʱǫֻнٴνѹơ£Ҳǵһˡ
ֱƬǺС
ʯȫǰôãȻȴһĸо
ǫüӵʰһ鼫Ʒʯ֪Ϊδʯиоһ
̫ԾǫǿзסԼľһڣͬʱǿ塣
ֻ˲ž֮ôȫӿڣҲһˡ
Ըǫзţȴ޿ƵĿˡ
ǫ̾˿ϥеֵֿ⿴Զǹ֮µĺɫ
ȻѾʵʡ
ǫһ£Ȼ뵽Щ𽥿ݽߵԭ

ƿˮٳ֮ƣͬ꣬¡
ΏʪŲھ֮ϡ
˵Ǿʱˮ̾ᣬˮֱͨʣˣԷ磬Ҳû˼Ὸյʱ档ⱻѹüããʱѹֵİżܹ磬һת۱׺Ȼľ
ˮƯ῵ѹ̫ʱͷѹɽʱգֻԼĹѪһĪĽ˷ܶڡ
ΪпһʧȥҪˡҹвΪĲǲýԼֻ̾һ䣺ұԡ
Ҳȷʵ츳һĶʵսͬ׵߸Ҫǿ᲻١
н˰εض𡣳֣ȴ·Լ飬ʵԼϽԾͻȻײ˵ˮÿһˮٴѹһ֡һʱ䣬·ֻˮľ˫Ŀ쳣׹⣬żῡ
ΰȴѽˮ֮ء
ɫƽ»صУȴЩ𶯡
ȻѪҽߵᴿȴΪδгһܹҲˮʵڣһʼ̽Ϊ
ȻŶ̶֣̽ˮǿ󳬺˵˾ǣƺܵˮҲ
⣬ݽߣû
ڣأһʵ嶼ޣԾ֮ˮ۳ˮȻ
ݵľȺ󣬼῱㷢һεĹơͬȣˮﱬĸˮǾܿȫ뽣ٵ·һȴˮԶĵطٴܵĪ
¡
һ׺ݺ£ڼ῵ߡһֵ֮׵ſɲĵ⣬żῡѩ׵Ĺӳߵˮϣ־塣
´ҧأһ˲·ԼĹͬһ춯ȴѸٱ޸Ȼѿ
ῲûкˣɫҲЩ԰ף˫Ŀ֮Ҳơ
ˮһһ׺ݺ£˶ûҫ۵Ĺâǰһ󷢰ףʶЩģ壬ǲˣƤö䣬һ
̺δͬۡ
ţ׽¡ͬʱˮβҪ῱޿ɱܣֻһ·
῵̨ȴ͵һ޸ƤǣơʱȴͻȻƴԼˣеעһ㣬עĽϡ
һǫѧʱǫɢɢҪľ壬ΨеһʱÿǼҲ䷦ζĵҲĵ
һסˮδһףβ
ƺҪһöΪ׺ףӡˮβ֫û뾵ˮУ̧ʱβֳɡ
ῲ㲻âһֱնˮŭȴǰˮǿ˽ŵ׵ľ
뵽쳣ӦƬĺˮ
ˮڶԵˮһش𡣿ɼѾ׼˷򡣲䣬ˮѣˮҲһ㣬·ʼڻҪ̮ؾ֮С
Ҳʱʧˮһ˿϶ˮ
ˮоף·ˮϵĿ׹һ¡ˮһˮɫӰˮתܡ
ܲһ̴ĿڡˮҲ׵ɢˡ
ٳˮʱ쿪ˮ·һ汻ƿľѱ΢ʩһȥϲĺˮ뱻ʱĻҽͷȥˮиĿɾҲڿԼֱ𵴵Ŀˡ


64 ټ
῾ˮеӰ, һˮˮ͸
ʲôطΪξлһ, һˮ
, ҲЩ²ߡڸһֱˮõǸˡ
ῲٳ, ֱƿˮ, һûκεֱӵС
ת˲, ˮ㽫˽ȥ, ָƽ
ĺˮ˲ס῵塣Ǹˮģ˺Уһ·³ȥ, ȴҲֱֱֿۣ׹ȥ
·˵ЦҲϸｻ̸
ӵҲ־ӵʱȴ·𱻺ܶͼӵ
͵۾غˮУֻһ˶ѡ
˵ƬˮҲ, ֮Ѿһռ䡣
һ, ǰ·Ŀռ䡣
üͷ, ڽռ֮ڵʧһ㣬ȫ޷Ӧ
ڶݵĽ䱸̲סϲ
ҵڡ
ײ
ϲԣǿѹסϲãĴѰǫӰ
аԼĽŲԼ˽һʱ󣬲ͣ˽Ųܱ޶µķ羰ָԾţĽǡ
ѵûе䣿Ȼ
ῳһ˲ĵЩߡ֮䣬ҪҪȥһˡ
ڴʱͻȻ̧ͷգĿ⼸½˽ոպǡ³ߡ
ʮǰһ죬иݶϾƣ¡
Ҳܸҵ𣿡СǸߣͷȥĿ⾡Ľ֮顣
Ũ֮пգȻҲ¡
һϵǹǸ˻عͷʱ۾ҲǳԣֻҪ롭
롭
ҵȻ룡ô룬ȻһᣬԾŨһƬǿա
ῲῴΨһ֪ľǵ귽ǫϱеĿǡ
·ӦУ߿ǿյб쳣Ὼԥ˳ſǵķλ˹ȥ
һǺ̾ͳɵ·굽£ǹ⡣
ȴ·û㣬ֻ˳ſǵķ˹ȥ
Ȼ·ľͷǴֹǺǺϥˣǹӳӡ
ԭĿԡʶǰ˰벽
ȶȴ͵۾˵׼
ῼͬʱͣ˽ŲŷǫǺ֮ǰͻȻʧȥɫΌһ촽źɵǰһ
ȻǺеϾʮ꣬ϤĹ֮С
ǫűϣΪ˸ſðգСӾһҲٴۣ̲ð˼һۡ
һһ߽ǫûаɡ
ǫεؿΰСȻˣȴǲײǽͷӣôŵ̲סЦһ¡üͷվɵһ䡣
дˣ·Ҳϰˡ˲ܹƶ֮⣬ȻԱַȡ
ŷǫǰ֣ʵǰǫǼҲӦûһ¡ɼŷǫĿ΢΢Ҳ֪ԼЦǿޡ
޷塣῾Լ뷽ǫԽоǰķǫԽ棬˱ø
ת˲֮䣬Ѿ˷ǫĸ
ˣ߰ɡǫڼῸϵ֮ǰǰ˰벽벽֮һ½
ǫüͷһһ˲ֱӽ˶ᱧ
ǫһ˶סˣĪһȡһ῾ͽøȻǺ֮С
𶯡
ǫû뵽ԼᱻܾĽǶȿȥ῵ıΨ˫۱ǳĵø˼֡
˽סҵͷǫԼֵطЩʱ˵ľٶֻܽ˱øֱҪɹ𣿡
ǫûشλˣòײżһ䣺㲻Ȼƣ
῵ĬˣĿбӣȲ֮Ʒʯı˰
ǫ̾˿һıС˵ʱ˼һˣȻβ̫һתһôƣ῵²ԻȫԽ飬ͼһ㣬ῼһʹĸ
Ըо˶һ¡û˵ʲôôһĿбӵĸֱģǫ͸ϣʱĴҿ
Խ߽ģǺеԽأ·һɫСǫͻȻ˵һ¡
ῲԵͣһֱԼͷǫʱɫҲЩ԰ףȴֻδԡ
ҲΪڵ÷ǫһ
³ʱЩܿŵеļƷʯ˽ɫĹ㡣
Щ㡭
ǫЩӵĿ˼һۣܲԴͷڵȴǻָϣ
ǻָӦǼ῵Ρ
ǫֻǳĬһ£漴糣һЦ˵߰ɣ뿪˵
ûеͷʱҶ࿴Ұܵ˼ƣҲо˵ص쳣ɵǫ˵ʱ˼ȫڷǫϣҲֻǫ˵
Ųӿ죬뿪һƬǺԽԶԽ˳ҲԽǳԣ˵ĵطһƬĺָӿ뷽ǫ֮С
ῲҪ壬᲻÷»ˣҲһֱû
ϧῲ룬ǫԼῴһֱעܣȻҲע⵽Χı仯ʱˣļ῵ĸ첲ֱӴ˳ȥ
һ뻳ﶼһգŲҲһ¡
ǫһֱ뼾ῼʱ˾룬ŷּ῵ɫԡһ㶺֢ڡ
ǰոոǸ˲һ·ȫ֧ţûեѵá
ʶѵΰ뵽żΏĴΪԼ֮еԵʣѵĻ˻ȥſ춯˶̾һ䣺ŵɣľͰԼˣǲɵ
û׷ǫ˵ʲôʶͣڻзǫϣֻ˷ǫĻʶص˵ͷ¶һ˿Ц⣺ţᡣ
ֶ˶٣ź֪ʵʲô˼
ǫ̲סЩͷۣԼ˵ʲô֪ȴӦˣͷ˸ˡЦŵ٩ҲûʲôֻÿˣҲɵվǣԱ˴˶á
ص˵ͷţʦ֣һġ
ܾǳָˡ
ǫߣԽǺӵľͷȴһƬڰ


65 ǹ
طеڶ
ֻһ·, ǫԥƬ, Ҫ̽һ, ȻָһȥͱһѰס
ŷǫĿ⿴Ǻɫ, һ˲оԼ·ҲҪȥͬԴȴⱩŰϢҵĽ, ˲顣üͷ˵·
ǫ˼Ƭ, Ȼ, üһЦʵ, ǻܷȥ
һƬ棬ĬһҡҡͷҲˡ
ǫԴ˷·֮СЦЦһ°ھ͵ῲ⣬ǫԼߣϢһ
ῴ, ˷ǫԡ
֮ľܽ, ֱܴõǾһ, ȴŲͻִ˵ϣѹ䣬῵ָһ, ֮ǰ˷ǫ°ڡ
῾ԼеЦ, 궯ƺܵõЩοƮ¿, û˽̹ΰһ, ȴƫƫȳ˻ûʧζ
, ָỬ, ˼ӳ¡
ǫûע⵽῵˼, Լ˰Σҳ˴ССĲһһƯĻߣ˼῵һ֧ɫĴƿҩúòǰ͵Ķࡣ
ЩСҩǸ׼ģһֱ¶¶һֱûܸǫ˵ֱȥƽһüƷʯоеʡ
طûһſʵʯΧԣ֪ĻǷĻжЩƤ
ǫʱôһšǲԾҳһĨЦ
ῴӴȡ֧ƿĿȴԾڷǫϣ᲻ƿ
㿴ңҲԡǫ̾˿ĳЩ˵Ŀڸʵ̫ǿңҪԶû취
ѾˣôôԼ
ǫεջ֣ڵӡ
῿ŷǫϵЦЩӲЦû˵ʲôӴƿеһҩֱӽС
ҩ࣬ڵһ˲伾῵ıˡ
ǫ῵ıһ䣬źּ֪ؽҲ֪ô˵ܾô¼ԼǹģҲǻϽ͡
ǫı飬ǰƺҲйº̲ס̾һһڿҩºȥȻ˷ǫߡ
һ·ϵüֱڣ֪ǫеԼߣŵ񾭲ų׷
֮ǰһֱûעܵķ羰ֱʱſǹ
ӷǫ۾￴ġ

῾ǲ֪˯һ˱ǲҪ˯ߵģɷŲ֪ģڷǫߣʶȥ
ʱǫƺҲС˯㣬ǫҪϼʮ꣬ɵϢʱɣЩɣδϿ¹ܽ
̲ͼüۡ
ǫȴ˯ֻǱĿ˼֮ô·ʱ˶ȻۣԼЦһ¡
Σ
ǫֻ῵ľнǳھȻԼ˯һ£⡣ҲĿͶһƬɫС
ʵȥ
ǫ̯һЦڿƺûʲôĳ·
ûʣ˵ͷá
ҩ࣬Чܿ죬ֳϢãʱЩǰΪʵ
ѾָȫʢƺҲЩȻתԵҲԼסǫӦ¡վһͣٺ󣬱˷ǫ
뷽ǫ֣Я֣һͬǺӵľͷ
̤ڶǰǫЩϧĻͷһۣͦϲƬǺģܵĻô뿪
ȾĸԴԴֻ󡣷ǫԤУһط
ǲ֪ʱǷػ
ǫջĿ⣬ٲ̤˺ڶС
ڶϢҵسײ˺ˡ´ץŷǫ뽫һЩסȻϵǣеϢƺηĸ
½롣ǫȴʶ֮У·紩ԽȥʱҲһ·˾Ŀ֮оԻãǫ֪ǰ·ġ
ǰ˰벽ȴͼǣŵֱק˻תͷͼƺƬԻùƻЩ㱣ֻŵץúܽһľǿ
ǫ῵̽ȥһϢδüΏָǣһ֮̽£Ҳ῵ûʲô
ǫһЦǣŵ֣һ¼ῡ
·ηǣŵֻֿü˹˳ǰһ
ǫ̾˿䵱·ק˼·ߡ
ĳһ˲ǫ·епʱķ϶ִͨ·ǰϷϸס
ôһ˲ǫҪתŲ߹ȥֻֻ߬úܽ
ţҲȥġǫĿϵļЦЦ֪Լֻ룬ݽߣ̫ѣܲܲˡ
Ρ
żǰȥǵڶΣҺܽȴù顣
Ȼֿ˳ǼеӡǹȥԼļУ߳ͯԼʱ仹Щۣ¶л۸ģˡССĺͯһֻƯС䣬˵иģĸף˽ֵ
һͨ˵ʱƤѰ˽ӽס̲ʲô˸صΪ˽̡һϽ֣˵䣬ʵȥġ
ڻƻʱʦԴ˽Եٳ꣬ȴ븸׵Ե󣬾ͻ뿪ǰ̫졣
ֿһĸףǸͯӡ
ǫЩźջߣ֮ɽˮԶվ޹ˡ
һֱګګģǫһǣ˳ӵظǰȥǫżῴʱ˳ı飬ͻȻЩʣŻʮʮ·Ͽʲôա
ǣżΰһ·ǰȥ

ִرվãرߣҹ¶ʪأվƺ϶ųһЩ
ʼղҲԼһ£ֻضеָġ
֪ԼڴʲôҲ֪Լڿ־ʲô
⽫ʱʮߴˮ˳
ִγѡʮɫ԰ףȻķ˼ľҲˣִ֪ʮ߲ǸˣʶرЩ˼أ
ʮЩûȻشִƣرߵʯϡͣһִҡҡͷûˡ
ִѵʱʮ΢΢ͷָϸϸӣЩ㱡ٻʱȻȴǰҪ˲٣ûʲô˼
ʮ߷·飬΢΢ͷģʤ
ִüɿʱѪ֪ῶжҪ¾ƣУ£ôɵ£ҪҵĵطҵĸУ䵽ҵϡҵʮߣ㲻᲻
ʮ߶˶٣ͣеĶִһЦĴ
ִûзһ˿־ġʮԶһЩҲûһݻȻ֪ˣԼϢ٣ͼҡһҲͱˡ
Դִ·Ҳһһһһȥֻ̣飬УҪЦˣ¡
ʮߴӦִҴҵ뿪
ûпˣһЦһȴ·ڿޡ


66 ؼ
ҪʱƬҵ׼ȷĳڲ, ̤һܾͻ뵽, ѳ
ǫÿһߵĶܽ, ǰεĻûܶҡ, ȴĲ⡣οʱ߻иСƿ, в̤
һֻ, żֱֱǰȥ
֪ʱ, ˮĶСȻǫǰһʱ, һֱ˳ظļȴסһ˹ȥ
ǫͷȥῲҴңֻǫ˸ס
ôʲôˣǫָΏش, Цʵ
۾Ȼĺ, жǾ
ȴקŷǫġ
ǫôһ֮һ, ΡҲ֪пĸʱƬô̹ģǰ塣
ɵɵ
ǫ̾һ, һס, ǻؼҡ
Խصĺڶ󲻾, Լͬһ, ˶ɢˡ
ǫһ, һ·Ҳ˺ܶ, ܶط, һŮӡЩĹЦ
СΰŮӶҡҡеǺ«Ǻ«ܺ죬žŮӺЦҲᡣ
῾ԼӦùȥġɲ֪ΪΣʲôҲԸſ֡·ǣŵǷůǣڣҲſ
ῳٳٲȥŮӵЦ𽥵ȥȴδֻǸ˼ɻ󡣵񲢲𱸼ΰֻǳ˻֣·
ĸס
죬ȴûֽܽгһǣǰȥ
ΰ
Ὸодһ̵ʹĻУֻһƬӴĺӰʱʱ̮ܵ
ǰһĺͯӰվ῿Ŀ֪š۵޻˫мл֣̿ŶԼ῵ڴ
𺣵УһˣӺ汧СţεһЦ
ȥڻü
ǱҲʵġ
ֻҪ߹ȥͻüüʲô
δüϸ룬Ѿ߹ǸطҲ˵ĵź
ῡ
һο·̫ͨġ
һο͡û׹ǰĴʦ֡
ʦƺҲ˼ΰ΢΢һ㶺Цһ£漴ͷҲصŽµȥ
ûаԥҪǰȴģ
ˣǻؼҡ
ؼңû㣬ǼңѵҪңʧȥһΣ
ǫ˫ֽرżΰŽ˼Ҳûнлؼ῵־ԽԽļơǫԼ˫ֱ˵ĻɵѾȫٳȥˡ
˫Ŀ죬ƺȫ綼ˣñԽ׺ǫ˵Եõãһȵؽ緽ǫ»κβ
ǫͷһ˲䣬ɸɴؽ˿ƼСʱûùα仯֮ٱЩҲӰ췽ǫж
ֵǼ῱֮˶ʵ˺ܶ࣬ɸǫ˲鷳
ǫû˿ͣ٣ֱ˳ȥûע⵽Ŀָ
е̫Ϥĸоһӱӱǣ״ָ̬˹Ȼһ῾ͷ֣תԼϤƣѲǵǸСܲͷˡ
˵ǣ˻Լߡ
ǫ忡ѵüЩθۣȴһҲҶ
һξˡ

ǫߵˮĵطżֱһԾ¡
Ǻˮ
ǫΪԼϤƮȴûпŮӰ
ĺˮǰҲƺЩ仯֮ǰĺˮᱡϡˮֱֱ³ȻһηǫһˮоˮһУѰˮˡֻתȻܵ˼͡
ƯǫҲٽ῿ڼϡһβ㣬ˮŤתΣῴӼժԭʲôĽɵСӸϣ뷽ŻȫûǵļῷԼˣ֫һڣڷǫ·ţĿԡ
ǫЦã˵ˣǻԼô͸Сһ
û˵˫ֻε˷ǫߣ׽ס˷ǫ֡
ǫ֪ô͵Ǻһ¡ԼǺĻǸʺš
û˵Դŷǫһ·ȥǫƺ῵Ķˡ
ˮܼϵĹ⣬˴ðͷŷɫѰֻǲ֪˭ر߷һյµƣҲһƬž
˷ֱɾ塣ǫܿһۡûԼ忴СʱҰ£ֻô󣬻ڼ῵ļϻԼµʱû޼ݶܱߡ˼Щ档
ֻôһҲǷݴñѰ˼Ҫ󷱻ЩȴûСʱȻĸо
ǫʧȥȤȻȻسָָ֣棬˵ֱ뿪⡣
ʶ֣ȴտסЩźָͷӦ
Ȼδжͼһ˴¹ͣӰܿĺɫѡ
¹渣ˮѰաܾү𱸣ƽҲͷˡ
Էǫ뼾῵ΪѰû֪ῶʱǫȴΪ⡣ӰǵӰЦЦҪԷ֣ȴͻȻԥһ£ʵ˭
¾²ϧүҲҪһȵ˰ɡǰ¹͸ϣһžɫЦǳǳģʮѽ
ʮ˵ţǫЩʶָԼķ䣬һЦ¼µĹˣȻҲĿˡ¹ҼүѾ˺ܾˣ롣
ʮ˵ţΪ·һɱҪȥȴǫһ¡ῲԣȴһȵ˷ǫǰʵôˣ
ǫû˵ֻҡҡͷʮЩ̫ԾǰüԼʱǫҲóȻ
ʮ߼˰첻ǰЦһǵǹүˣ֪ԶλıҪɱҲѣͲ󷨣ҲҼүйЭ顣һ֮õѡ񡣲𣿡
˵Ҳ˲ת߳ߵһͻȻͷʵˣҵСأ
ǫһ£ƺ
Ŀɵؿǰʮߣְ̧סͼνļΰ漴һЦ롣
óǰġʮߡϢ˵ʣ¸״̬оȴҲ֪ʮߡǳʲôʣǴģ
ҲͦȤġ
ʮûʳ𰸣Щźǰ·
ǫ̹Ȼǰȥ˸˼һʾУҪ㡣˵òһ㣬ǰһ˾ܰ췭ظ῵Ϊһ쵽ԪӤ
ӦҷǫǸϲɵˡҲǱˮڰˡ
ʱ죬鷿ȴ⡣
λԵȡʮ߻ͷЦһ£ǰ˿顣

ʮƿ鷿ţִڵ¿飬˵ү῵»ˡ


67 Ǹ
ִһ㶡±, ϲɫ, ӭ
¿ǻˣ
ִĿڼ῵һͣ٣ͣ˷ǫϡó, ִǵһοֻƺڷ⣬Ѿһλ˵ߡ
ǫؾִĿ΢΢һЦȻ󷽷˸ط, ֱ㽫Լԡ
ִԾʧ̬һʮߣʮ̻, ŵһ΢΢£ү, ҹ, ȥ׼Щҹ, иˡ
ȥɡִ˻, ʮߺź, ͣƬ̣Цûв´, λǴ˵еɾˡϲµóԸ
ڼ῵ǵ£ڻڲúִܿһ֮ܽǫ봫˵еɾϺŲ¡
̫һۺȻڶ, Ϊȷ̫ųƮѩһҹֹͣ, ɾ档һ˵, Όȥټʮ꣬λɾΪ
֮ǰеĲʵִ֡µֽ°ڣģѹסԼȵ۹⣬ȥȥгһգȵҲ
ǷǫڶͬĻҲЩζӳ£ͷߵһ档
üͷǫƫתڷǫ֮ǰֱ˵˵Լ޹أԼǱ뿪
¿᱾ˣֻǹĵ¡ִЦЦҲΪ⡣ڱȥɣֻ¿֪ܲЩʱ򾩳ǵѾ˲ޣǲӲ뿪Χ
ǫһЦضִĻͲүˡ
Ȼˣա
ִ˵꣬ǫѾҲںִɫһ·뿪ӡ
ʱʮΪףŮůʳ㡣ƺЩⷽǫ뼾Ҫ뿪ջһЦƫÿߵ
ǫֱʱȡʮ߶ŵһֻƺɣ
ʮִͶȥѯĿ⡣ִɫ䣬ûΪ뷽ǫϯκβ죺޷ڸΣɾȻҲͬȴ
ǫⲽߣͷͷһںеľƣعͷʮЦһ£
ľƣȵˡ
뿪ʮⲽ߽鷿Ůߴ˾룬ǽĲ͵㶼º󣬺˷š
С綹ִϼЦҲʮҿʳ͸ƮүǱ˶ѾˣٴγֵǷҪסˣ
ס˻ʲô˼ȵľܿϹִͻȻץסʮߵʮҲûСŮͻȻܾ̬΢΢ִ
ִʮߵ򦣺۾Ҳʼˡ
˵ƺЩؽƿĿ⣺ȳȥɡ
ǡʮӦһ⣬ֻſڴػؿһۣ漴Ź뿪
ڷų׹رյһɲǣĿҲ׵

ǫУᳵ·߻῰ŵסʱҲǡǫЩĵٵ˵ͷȴһҲûˡ
һֽƺһӣ˼䷲ƺʵڲˡ
῵ǡʱشӺ˹һơ
ʲôʱ׼ǫһЦֽӹƺһԾݶֱ۶µһھƣһЦζ㡣
Ҳȥڷǫߡ뿪̫ǰصʰһֻ˵ǫ԰ȵȫ޽ȥʵ֮˵ľ磬ӦǼ䵭ڸ֮ġֻǼʼռǵԿȺã˲׽ӰǫԹǶڵĶ˸㡣
ȻҲС
ǫеغơʱ䵱ľͷˡˡƮȴþû˵崵硢ȹˡ
ãǫȣƺ˻ȥЦżΰˣ
ʶǫһƿµġȻŷַǫľƺлдЩĬһ֧ƺͷźڵԹ⣺Բ𡣡
ǫҲû뵽õĻش̲ס̾һ˵˫΢ţͻȻ῰ס죬һ¡
Ҳһʪ󣬻зǫϢ͸ůûнŲɫߵķǫĪҶԲ㣬ͷβֻⴧ⣬ȴδĶġ
ǫԵЦǲ῵ģһֻ
ǫ˾ƺƿ˼῵֡һֶü£͵͵ЦĿδҲ̫ˡϣ˭˵ԼܶģԼɣģ㹻ˡ
Ҳ붮˵ģֻػһˡҲֱۿҹա
֪Ӻʱ𣬸𽥵ȥֻʣҵһҲֿ
ֿ̧˿Լģ˫մѪĻʸػһ

ǫʱϣƬѵЩۡǫԻһӣСıԶĿվƺƺȴῺŵı۰ס
˯ԼԣϢдŨŨľ㡣
ǫǲʲôʱʼȵľơǰ룬ǰΏǸСܲͷ̫ѣ뿪̫󲻾ãԼͳС
ΨһӡľǵԼƭȵһƣһ˲ֻСֱ̲Ӵӷֱӹȥ
⡭òһκôɣ
뵽ǫֲһС̳˵ĸоƲȷľƣʱʱһģҹҲ˯ȥ»֪Ҫ˯ʲôʱȥ
ڿɲӦܹ̹Ȼ˯ʱ
ǫ֣뽫ѡһ˲гʡͬʱݶ¸߸׳Уһյĺƴƣȴͬʱһɽϡ
ɽϢɼݷɽ֮ΪΪ͡ɽƣûüһ㱻ʮߵĳн顣
ǫͷתĳʮߵӰһ飬΢Цų巽ǫףգ֮Ѿ齣ķ
ԶһҽУ񣬷ǫܿŵһѪζ
ڷǫͬʱ῾ѾˡЩյüҹ˼ƣž㾹ȻҲ֪ãһֱ˯ڡĿضŲԶ
ʮվڲԶݶϣ·ʲôסͻȻߣ·һ˻Ȼȳջأǫ뼾ῲſ壬ŵһѪģͷ­
ǫʶü
ʮ¡ͷൽԼı󣬳Ŷ˷˵˵£ˡ
㣬漴ʲô¶һ㣬ͷɵ˷ܣ뿪ʱĲ̬赸һ㡣ܿûݴ֮С
ǹǿġǫüһûԵϲ˲Ҳˡʮߣ֪ΪҲϲ
žͲϲء


68 
῿վǰͷķǫ, վǽǾ뵡, ȫûѵĵزվĽŲЩβס鸡
ʶ˦˦Դ, ǰǳġ
վԼˣǫʶקס˼῵°ڡһڻþУ˵֪ԷԵԼ㲻ܲ˵ĳ˳ȥʵڼ£˷Ĳ¡
ǫЩ, ȴ·˷ǫĶеĹ˼ɡ
жȫ˵, ʱη壬һ, ҲֻΪ˸ȥ˸, ܶǽѡ
ڲһ, , ǰ·ǵɽ, ȴֻȥ
῵ͷŷǫĿǫ˿վżῴݶһԾ, Żصڡ
ص״ôգеɨɾ
ǫϡʱȡǫȷϷ·ڲ, ԼĴҲй¶, 㰲ĵ, ·𲻾һԶݿɲʲôɢүʮߵĹϵҲ̫򵥡
῵˵ͷϻش𡣶Ҳһ㣬Ӵȡһײߣʼ衣ʱŴظҲǺܹġ¾ǵѾڲˣҲûм򵥷ǵĴ㡣
˵ῶ˶١ƺӲ̫ѣܾ˼ά̫
ڼЩٶʱӭ˷ǫЦЦĿ⡣ǫϼ῰ڳĲ豭ԼصĴЩ㹷ĶЦõ˵ﶼװЩʲô߰ĶôͶAһ
伾ûͣһŷʵ㲻ǵˣ
ǫն豭һڣôһ䷴ʵЩ΢΢üƮһģ˵п¼ǵκ̧ۿһۼΰȷƺԴ𰸲ʮ⣬һ㽫ǿڲȽ
µΪ裬ʵʦ֣óǵĿʲô
Ҫϵ¡ǫһ£ǰܹ£һֲѪ֮У֮ͬȫʧΨСģһ¶ǿϧˡ
ῶԡֱֳų⣬ûдϷǫ˵ȻȴǿĽ䱸⣬ĶǵĶͨǫʱһ㣬Ҳͨˣ뿪ҪؽҺǰһ𡣡
ЩѪͨˣῴûܵůѪ𣺡ʲôã㡭̫һǰһƺƴַǧˡ
˵ǽˡġӡǰС֮ͽȺ´Ҳл
ǫ˵ţ̾һ̫Ҳⱻˮˣܸ㰲ñӵˣȻ԰ɾߡܶʱνࡢ˻ʥˣǱ˵һѡ
Ц˵ս죬Ŀؿ⡣
󣬴ɫȹСŮ˽£ү롣
üͼǫ˸߳ţ߰ɣΨһҲ뿴ʲôֶá
Ȼûԥ˵ŷǫһͬˡ
СŮ֮ǰѾ˵˼ԼүĲɢ㷣뼾ǫ˵߸ϵĻҲ˴˵ֻ͵һ۶˵ĳò·ҳظڶ
ǫһȣߵƵĵμޣϰԵ鷿ߡ
СŮۿŷǫߴ·Щżѣͼǰ벽סǫֱӽһ·һʦ֣ߡ
ǫһãرǣһ
СŮһʶ˽Ųܾ֮ոպãԼòеࡣ

Ȫ뱸Ұʡ
ִվһελϣ̫ȣֻһɫ£󻹸һǫʱɫԲ죬ܿ΢Ц£ɾհ
ǫһ̫һЦ˵̫ͣ硣
ִΪЦ£Ҳˡ
һˣһԼӰ΢΢һһƬˮ졣
·£ˮ㿴ǫ͵ر˹ȥ˳㻹ǿִת˸
ԭٶѼֻǼǫôȥͻȻǰڻþʱǫرԼ¡֪ģʱŷǫıӰǸɴཫԼϰ˸ࡣ
ˮʱῸǿԷŴ˶ʼעŷǫǫȻܵƫתһͷֿջĿ⡣
ջĿ⣬ǲԾһĨȣԼûˮС
ǫԭֻǾúѾҪӣ˾͸ҪˡȻŲһƳѾȴǰС׳ʵ٣⺢ĳˡ
ϵ˺ۣǳҲῶߺԵĿͷҹῶԼ˵Ƿǫһʱ䲻֪οᣬ֪ôҲһƬ糺ɫ
Ȫˮûؿڣ߱ɢȥȲһһȥ
һΣϺӰƲΪҲκ졣
ÿһ־׶ôִͷĴΪ˳ԶǫӣɴҶˣܻޱҪͲסͷȥͬʱͷˮ
ִһ
ǫҲϵͷ֪ǲǵһС˵ĹϵڷţƺӦϺ飬Ǹʮߵ顣
Сˣ𣿡
һֱǫĵסǫ˵ʮʱûʲôøУɵһ޶µʱǫʮߵƺҲʧˡʶһ£ȻһЦţ»ˣأõҵ𣿡
ԡʮߵЩ΢㡭
⼸ֶ϶΢ǫһֱĵʮߵȴǰ޻Ӧ΢΢һü̲ÿˮ˺۵ļԼԵִƺûоͷ
ִı¶һ˿ŵˮϺְȥһֱʲô졣ԼĪʱְִ˵ĸо̲ס̾һˣɡ
һ䣬ûͱǫٴת˸
ִǫĶĿЦã̲ס̾һɾ͵µĹϵȻܣ
ǫԣʦܣȻܡ
ִЦЦ˵߳һЩرʶϱֳ³֪ԣ쵹۵üˡٿ˵ЩʲôȴѾļῴϣʦ֣ߡ
ǫִܾĻδԵؿһۣϾǲɵˣǫҲ÷˼
ɵؿһ۸ϵһߣܿջż뿪


69 ̸
ǫͼῳʱˡǫŻط, ǰϲ÷˯ȴҲլò׻ָԼ, ĴῶԷǫΪȻҲû飬ֻǿ, ȼС
İǫͼһ·, ȻûˣҲǽŲҴҵģǫǣŷԡرʮߵĻ, û˼Ȼ, ǰһСŮһ·ȹСܶ
Ůܵúܼ޷Щ׹ļ, ۾ʱһ, Ϣδƽȼ˵£ɾҵˣ
ǫ뼾ῶԿһۣǫЩЦ˵ǲŸͬүֱ, ٣
Ůԥһ£ӵӦп˸ϡүλһرܡ
ҵˣǫһϻ, 漴ЦЦ׷ʵһλ巣
СŮǰλɾֱЩСԴһҡ, ɢ޷׹øˣϵǵ, ˵ǰûǡ
ӻͦ󡣡ǫ̲סŤͷԼЦ
ῲÿɷ
СŮǫ뼾Ώ, Щ, Լ²𱸡뷽ǫļ῵ļ򣺡Ȼȥҹȥ
СŮĶᵽɤˣһ̧ͷһ磬ǫûӰһΰۿžҪ޳ˡ῱ǻᰲο˵Ը¿СŮ۳ֿŷǫȥķҲû˵ֻתⲽӡ
ڴʦ֣ɡ٣Ҳûκεˡ
ǫ˵·ڳǺԣͷĵطǡҲ֪ĶƲӣճϴǣ米ôҡڵȥ
һзɽƿյ졣ǫɫ䣬ҪΪۿǱɽļ˹ȥ漴ɽȥĵط
һĿɽڿת˼תصϡֱָǫ䱸ɱԶ
ǫڨЦԼļٺӣ˳źۼؽøһЩȥ˺ɫ뷢ճߣ䣬չˣ񹭣Ϫ¥ַɽʹúðĪԼˡ
ǫ߶߶ȴΪнơ
ǫ˵ţҲˡִ߳뷽ǫĿԡǫαװʵڲ̫ģһ۾ͳ˶ԷݸһЦλȷʵǱĿ䡣
ȻǫЦŶִ񣺡ү
ִǫ뿪½ֲòƣЦ˵ˣɡ
ִ˵ʣ߻űߣŽһ۾ˡ
ǫȻҲߵִǰʱرȻؽϷȫү롣
ִһЦȻص
λѾһˣˣü뼾Ὼ巶мƣֻ۽³繳ǵʰ
λÿţվһڵʿǫϵ֮ǰǿʱҲΧ֮УִµĵɽˡȻִݺֱȥðȻȶǫҲȥִ󣬻һƺ
ʮ߲
ǫͻʰĿⲻ϶飬йΪݣɷǫȴ
Լĵط֮񡢷ɾĻҲȥԶþƾЩ⽫ϳ
οԼ˺ӵġǫʰĿﻹһھƣִԼĽиʰݲ˸
ʰиɻ󡭡п˴󵨲أֲ˼ԼĿݶԼġ
̫ĿתִԼ벻ã뱾Ѿˡɱ˴ĿֻһǽǸܴؾСھеţõ̫á
ִЦʰ˵꣬ɫתһ¾ƱǲʲôвûеҪҵˡ
һ䣬ʰֱˤ˾Ʊ
ʰִߵĽʿͬʱסֻһԵķǫƵͷһھƣʵõзԡ
ʰЦһнձƣܿиүеλ䵹ر𡣡
رÿǫһЦ¾ƺתͷʰ
ʰҲû뵽õĻشһݸһЦתͷִʵϿе˼
ִҲ巽ǫ·ֻЦЦ¡
ʰƴִЦóǹϵѰ䣬ٿǫĿЩӵζˡ
ʰƴִЦóǹϵѰ䣬ٿǫĿЩӵζˣݻؾûġ֪Σ
ˣôʹˡǫһЦͬʱۺ룬ɫؽԵ˰¶ڡ
ɰĿڷǫϣΣȻô˵Ǽˣ
ǫ̾˿ȻһЦΣֻǾõ¿Իȥˡ
仰һһνص˸ոսŵ״̬С
ִɫ粻ǫĳԽΪ̽Ϣɿ𣬾ȫǿֲ´̬תһ룬ԼϽΰȻ壬ǫͿ͵Ѿϸ֦ĩڣˡ
Цһ£תͷʰû¿ԻȥˣڻȥӦûüϡ
ʰɫҪ췴ɣ
ִƣʰңңһ˵巵Ѵ̫ܸϻ˾У֪¿֪
ʰ˵ִоһ
ʰɫ䣬ִӸ£ʵ̫ţ룿Ҫ䣬⡣
ǫЩЦһʱ侹ֻ֮вĻ֮ĸо˥ߣ´ʱ뾩Ա
˵˵Щʲôʰ˼תȻ²ȫǫִĻѾ㵽еĺ塣Ȼŭǫ
ֱ˦뿪˿첽
ִһ׷˳ȥ²ø𣿡
ءɰתͷִһۣΪ֮
ִһ·͵⣬ãһ̲סЦɾǸˡ
ҵǫӦ꣬һ𻨸Уò˵еĸζĻǺܲġ
ִǰɾǺʱֱ֮£
ôԵ飬ֲϹ
ֻһˣٲ٣ҺɽҲġִͷԼģ˵һ
ǫ𻨸⣬⣬У뷨Ǻθɣ
ִȻףֻǫһƬ½ǣϵЦһգĿ⿴˼֡


70 
ǫԲŮ·ǫԺʱ, Ѿи˵ˡ
վһ껨, ֶ˷ǫĽŲ΢΢ƫͷȻǡ
ǫһ, ۿСƺԼҪһЩ, Ҳ˲, Ȼһö, ôҲǰǸݺݵİҧ˵Сܲͷϵˡ
뵽ǱıԼ˵飬̲סЩЦ㼾ģʲôüʵģ鵽ô£Ϲд
ῼǫͣ½Ų, ٲߵ˷ǫԡ׼, û˵ȴȻһ, ζڱǡῲһ, ЩΡ
ǫӳóһ𻨸, ߳Աߺһ䣺ңôܳˣ
῱Ĺ𻨸, Ȼһ仰شˡ
߰ɡǫȻȻסΰקߣͬʱ˵ӦûʲôҪʰİɣ, ׼·ඡ
ִȻ뷽ǫѻ, ֮Դ˵̬Ҳת䡣ô, Ǿ֮ء
ʰִ, 뿪޵ʱ·ѵ
ǫ뼾һ·еƧһ·Ϸǫոڵתῡ
Ȼ֮УȻĬƬ̣üԶΧǽ
Ĳ뿪ǫΧǽԵ̲סһףȴѡ
ῲͷ˷ǫһۣǫִǰܣµ̫ɽԱΧϢ뿪ãǫݱ¶̫˵ֻѩϼ˪
ֻһأЩ˵ĿԼǫһ뿪⵽κ
ǫһЦס῵ֱۣôʲô취ҲǸ󷨣©ڡ
Ϊ컨壬ߵΪԼɽȥˣССﵱ䡣
ֻ뼾ῶ󷨣Ҫҳۣ֪Ứ϶ʱ䡣
ɾ
ʮߴʱǫոͼƵһ󷨣Ȼͷ˹ȥܳ˼֮ˡ
ʮߵﻰ
ͬʱʮּ߱˵ɾ
ǫü˼Ƭ̣ŤͷΰῶԷǫĿЩԣôˣ
ûʲôǫ̾˿˶תȥ
һ·ԡһԵʯͤУʮȻѾʱǫ뼾ΰǷһЦɾǰ˴ʤм
ʶ¶״̬ӷǫ뿪õڲһʱ䣬ŮȴѾǰԤ֪˰㡣
Ա֮·ǫȴԵúУ˿ʯͷʲô
֪λ뿪ʮʼǳЦţĿȴ˵Թ
ʮߵڶͬݣüͷһ壺ΪʲôҪôҲǵʮ߶Լɱ⡣
ʮߵ˶ĿڷǫͣãͻȻץԼȹڡϸָȹһָɫɰת죬¶±ֱʵĳȡȸ·һЩĵطߵһֻƵĽ𻷣׹Žɵգ쳣
û˿ͣ٣һڷǫ˫ۡ
ǫǰȻڣ̯̯˵ʲô˼
ʮָһɣȹ£˵״̬޶ãĽ𻷣үҲһֻ
ʮ߹Ӧ԰ɡǫ̾һ˼῵֣ʵһֱףΪεִ˵ҪˣǴʦϳ󷨶ɸһ顣
ġߵһơڵġ顱뷽ǫǰһСľˡС˲ͬһ飬ߵأҲ޷顣鱾ûСһ˵ֻҪ٣鲻ɢǲ
飬Ҫȥȡοǰʮ߻츳г˵Ϊµ飬ǰʮһĿǶһˡ
ʮ΢΢ͷָһƳЦʵʲôһءѰе΢ѳɻεĸ֮٣ֻΪǵ˴ߣǻˡ
ǫһ£˼ǡ
ߴԼ飬֮бߵȻԼԸүУ˽Ϊ֪ˣֻү֪ʵпܳɻꡣпܱˡ
ʮ˵ɫͻȻһƬҰף¶־΢΢ʮҧҧսҲֻү֪һһ᲻ڡүүҲӭֻˡ
˵۽Ƿһ˿⣬޳ˣ㲻ˣʶҲٴ䡣үǸˣ
ῳĬƬ̣ǫֱлЩΣǵĳʶ֪̫࣬˵ﲻԡ
ǫֱ̾Ϊֹ˭뵽ȻʹãλүҲһˡ
һֱţֱʱ˵ɱң
ʮɲȣʱ²뿪һʱϣˡɽʱͬգλߣĸм
˵ţʮ߶Զһݡ
ǫȫûһüЦǱʮ߹·ɡ
ʮߵ˵ͷԾСǫ뼾һۣҲȥ
һεˮЩǣǰĹˮȴͬʣͬһأҲйǸŮҲӰ
ǫͼῸʮһ·Ǳŷֳоһ˹ͨխƬ̣Ⱥˮȴδܵľͷ
Ҳ֮лжദܵΨһ֪ιʲţᱻǣʮŶһ·ǰУΪ˽͡Ϊ귢һЩ飬Ѿˡ
ǫקקΰЦд˵ΪԵˡ
ûлشֻǿ˷ǫһۣǣס֡
ǫһ£ˣȴķӦٶۡῶԼֱ仯Уȴֻǳ
ʱȴֹĸоǣĵطЩ֡
ڰУ˵ĽŲᡣԼĪһʮͣ˽Ųŷǫ뼾΢΢һЦǰλӴ˱ߺˡ
뿪ʱǫȴͻȻͷʵ㾿˭
ʮĿӯӯؿŷǫڵͨУЦҲЩŤСˣ˵˶ٴˣʮѽһϧһҲҪүߵŮӰˡ
ǫҡҡͷ㲻
һϧһСͬʱǰ·ϴһյӳ˵ִ˭˵λʱšʮߣǺðҲҪң


71 ²
ִŭЦ, ˫۵еˡͬʱ, ʮ˦Ϣزס˼뷽ǫĽ
ʮߵĳпѹߵ, ȴû취ѹʶ齣ȴǫᰴס, ҡҡͷ
ִ﹧ʱ㲻ʮ߳յϢܳ, ԵЩˡӲ羲䡣
뷽ǫδ, ʮҲһǰɫһƬ԰סɿִʱ, Ŀ򶨣¶һ˿Ц, ߰öССУᱳү, ү, 
ִؿʮһ, ֱǰߵǫ뼾ǰɫɶԶ˵˽뿪Եô⣬̸֮άԭеķȣԵ³ŵ, 㾡ȥ, 仰Ҳ
˵, ִ΢΢ÿǰǳ, ﲢûǧ, ͷβֻбһ˶ѡ
˵ʮһۣż뷽ǫĺʱһ˻ȥʮ߿򶨣¶Щ֣̿ǻûʧ
˰Ž֣ȻƴǫһƤӶ̧ģôִ⻰Щδ
ȻִͣƬ̱˵ݱ֪Χ̫⣬𽥿ݽߣҲӰ
ִḧԼĽָʵλҪ뿪Ҳ⣬ɾ˱µĶ̸Ȼǣ̫졣ɽݽΪɣ֮Χ̫ɽţͼ̫ռô̫Ӳ֮Ϊأ
ǫشУ̫ġ
ǫԣ̫мλֲֻҪǲ룬ǧҲͻΧο仹ʦ̫һʦûϢ᲻š̫ɽһǫͣһǫҲ޷
ִһ£ЦЦ˵ɾˣ̫ʢʧΨеһľ棬ζʲô
ʸ֮ġ
ῲԾ߬ȭͷȻȭͷͱһְֻסˡһ㶻ͷպöϷǫЦ۾
үδ̫С̫ˡǫżῺִһ·ڡ̫¾Ͳүˡ
ľַش֮ж̫񾴣ȴҲһȨ߿ݵһףֻԭ̫첻ðУƺ֮ˡƽƣŻмҲѾˡ
ִ͵һЦĿתΰοԸű󣬱˱ţ
ͻȻͣǫһ£üΰȴЩԥ˵ˣûȨ漾ѡ
ִһǣΪʤʱȴῷסǫ֣ڡ
ִɫһɫ
ʮվִߣĿŶԷֱʱһתЦӯӯؿ˵Ȼɾ֪Ϣ˵ֵǮأ
һηǫͼͬʱͣоɱ⣬ǫǻЦĿͬǾҪ˭ˡ
ʮⲽߵǫͼǰҼүҼүصԳ
ִζؿһʮߣ漴Žӿ˵ĳ⣬ʱ䵱бĻ㹻𣿡
ִż῰ڽϵ֣п䶼µɾɱ˱кãֻҪǺµչ㡣
ǫЦһ£żߣȻˣǾ鷳үٶʦֵܼˡ
ִƬ̿Цõ˵ɾ룬ԭ·ء
ǫɫƽ治ɫżתͷߡ
ͨͷ󷽵һƬɳ֮ϣԺԶ
ȥ·ϼῴ˵ʦִ˲š
֪ǫĵػشţ̧ͷ۾˶̫ǵһεɳһֺĸоķɳУӦᵶЦҪһҾƾ͸ˡ
ҪĹǽųϢһ·԰οǫջĿ弾Цһ£˵ϢȵӻҪͨɢүŸʵ̫ίˣѲҪ˵Ҳ뿴Ҫʲô
εؿ˷ǫһۣ࿪벽ڵס˾ͺá
ǫ΢ζؿῡһû˵̫֮Ҫ֮ǰҪŪС̵ʲô
̲סüģĪǸµ´̫ã̫٣
ĻҲŵġ
ǰʮͻȻͷЦЦؿ˷ǫһۣȴһ̾Ϣ
ǫһﻹһĹ

ῴ̵ԡ뿪ʱһʱ侹֮СĴθʮߴʱӰʱһʱ
ҪǣһεȡԱˣˮ֮иоڳܷΧڱûг
򿪷źӭһƬѣΣһֻּʱס῵һƬ⡣
תͷǫǳЦ̫ˡ˵ЩţΪϷĺж̺뾫ϴ裬û׼õ硣ҪˮţºҪǵûʲô
һ٣ڷǫ˵ʱϸϸؽƬ⣬˳Ļʵʲôɣ
ǫںߣῷʣûüһ֣˿ǡ
ῴʱҲѾˣִݵǫģʱԽãԼ˼Խȷ
ϲȴҲ֪Լֻһ˶ѡ
ǫ῵ĿⶢЩ޴룬ɴԼһƬ⡣һЩȥȻȿڣٴα˿
γִʮߣִ洺磬к㾶ֱ뿪ʮȴݲ԰ףǿԶЦЦǷǷŸִ뿪
ǰػسִûй˵ʲôֻÿճ뼾῵ů֮⣬һʱż῵鷿֮ºͻš
ڻҵİ׮ҲֱԲؽ̸ΰȻһΪģ
ǫÿ꼾῵ĸ̲סпִϷ㹻ȫӰۼ𡣡
ῲʲôӰۣȴͬǫĻִϿƣ´ûʵԵô
νĽģҲ£İˡ
ʱǫʮߵıӰ˵򦣬̫ȷ˵˵ӳɻꡣǰģڳױɡˡ֮ǰӦֻΪŶԣô˸󣿡
ǫ⣬Ҳټ῵֪ʶ֮ڡһθܵ߼̳ѾȻȻںһ𡣲ǫԭҲûʲôִ
һ·߻طУڲ˿˿ƣԳϢʱѾָתʱнƣǫýζ뵽㲻Ϊ´ӦִȡԼֲеۡ
۵ǰɹʱЩͬˡ岻ͬĶǫе˵תǰԼԡʱһֻ䵽ϵֽȵ
ֽȵ򵥣ֻ뷽ǫҹһ
ʱص㶼ûУ


72 ϲ
ֽż㲢ûб, ż½ǸһС˽ӡǸ, װΡ
λйһ֮ԵĴʰ֮⣬˭
ǫ°ֿͣ˿ơû, ҲȥһλĴӡ
ڿʲô´˳, תͷ߼ǫһֽ
ǫתֱ㽫ż˹ȥ, ЦЦ˵Լڻƻ档
Լü, ɫֱӳ, ûźϵݱѿ˵ᣬûʲô쳣Ƕ࿴㼸ۣ
ǫĪػһ£ҲûаɡʱճƲСӣ͹ڷŵʲô
ῳ, ̾һʦֵȥִԼҹƣ²ͬС
⵹޷, ƾʰλκβҡǫһ, ̧ۿֿʼ׼ļῡ֪ǲǴ, λ֮, һֱ̲סһ䣺ֿжĻ, ԼҲעһ㡣
ῲ֪ôıЦ, ڳ˻ʽݸǫ, ˭˭ӡ
˶, ῵֪Щͳɳ, ŷǫ۹ȴ鶼˽⣬ʦ֣л˵
˵Ļ̫ˣҹҹĻǣƣ۳һûа취ƭԼĴ𰸡
ǫһЩĪĲ룬Щǡ
浱ʦǼ˼⣬ǫһ˵˵ѵֹĻᡣ
ˣȵȵȿҪ˵ʲôֻ̫࣬ҲΡ

ͷʱǫٴԺرߵĻķԺ䣬ǱƲӣؿһ¡
ԼһӺ󣬺󷽴Ҷ죬һֱֱزĺġǫûֻƫһԴ
ɽգ̽ɵС
㵽˼ҵĸۡƻǲǲ̫ãۿǱҪ·ɳȥǫֱ̧㽫˻ȥǽǵķ
ϴʰߵǸˣֻһػһɫװɫºѱ
ǫȻһ۱㿴˶Է˶죬ͼоôöû뿪˵׾ٵؾǱ˽
ȫԼͼῶó¡
˼ǫǰֱ̧ҪȥǰѲɵеĳȴǫǧ׵үԼҹΪ˿ģ
ü˷ǫһۣ˿벽˵£ү̽Ϊ¡
ǫһ£Ҳû뵽ϻôֱˣֽĳ˳ݸߣʲô֣
𽣣ػشط㡣
ǫüĿЦãҲ֪λôģһľͷ̸СΪʲô
æӦϽῴҵһؾʱǵ֮ˣȴıȻǸ߹ٺ»طٴ˵ţм仹˷ܵĸ
Ȼģһ˵ԭ
ǫֱЦãλڻҳȫôͻȻ֮飺²ŻؾŽ˴ȥǺοأ
ȻʧҪЩ롣طüȻλӽޣؾԵ˵õĳ롣
ǫüɻʵô̫ĵӣôµ̫𣿡
طĿؿǫƺǳ⣺̫ѱΪλ£ο֮ĪµʿҲӻҵĺ
ǫĿһ˲ܿʧЦһԼαظɵӼƽϳ̣̫Ҳֲһ˵
ط粻Եؿ˷ǫһۣȻҲڳͣãⱻ˷֣δ㣿
ǫһЦ㽫뿪ǿվֱع˵ȻүѾʢˣȴ֮
Ǿ;Ϣط˵Ŵӻȡһֻֽףֽ򣬷ɵ῵ļϡ³ɿֽϵңһӦ
áǫӦطľͷգۼѾʧǰ
ߵ˶ô𣿡ۿ˳ʧǫֵ˵ϵֽס
ò˵ҲӴ·Ը׵뿪
ǫԭվƬ̣ת߻СԺ
Ҳ֪ΏûС˵ʲô

뿪ʱǶˡſʮѾ˶ʱῳһǷ˵¡
ʮ֮ܵбԼүץ˸𣬱㼫뼾ῷǫ˽̸˵뼾ῷǫ򽻵ΪƵģǸˣүĳʮߣҲǼˡ
ʮڣҲͣ˽Ųʵ󲻹أһԸóҲڣΪβߣ
ʮȴЦһ£þĶǣĿиֳһ˿ȻĶҲȥĸ
΢΢ü˵ʮɡٴʮߣ߻᷿
վϯִտ˷ܲ٣âҲ¶ȴǾλ߸ϵĻʵ۱ںأ糯
ӹȥһֱ񣬶ŮɫԵԣҲźʲôˡܲЩںˣʲô»ٵĻʵ۱ͻȻԡν޺󹬣ֻһڰˡ
ݽߣ˳λӣƢꡢԸֱ㱻֧ǵģ༸λ뷽跨صСִתһ¾Ʊһһٵ˵ԭΪֻڻؾзȨڿĸǶȨ
Ҫ˵ʲôûжӣûƱ
λѾСִ˵ȻҲһλĶӣɫЩΣǸ
ִδĻȴû̫ʵСӦǸΪԴʶ𣬱㲻ԼɹǸ˵ĺӣɥвбİ֮ĸ顣
ִûٶԣֻһ۱֪ġʱѵ
ϧǼִ飬Ҳû̽ССĲ޾жٱףִһССүҲӵ˶ĵ˻ΪΡ
ٹգǸ˾ͿԻˡִ˵ĿҲʱһͼҵ
῵ʱûлشֻѵõؾһ¾ƱʾӦС
Ώص᷿ڵƻӫӫ´Ųͣһ¡һ˪ѩʱ֪ԼҪֻһյƵů
Ľϲ
Ϊ̫ԲŻ޳־áԵ޻ΪӰȴء
ҲỼûʧǾ仰ҲһֱڿС
ʲôأ
ԶƿǫŶЦЦؿżΰ»࣬㣬ô
һ£εҡҡͷٲ߽ڡ
ģֻ˵ߡ


73 
ĴʲôǫϥڴϣǺʱΪѱƽԪӤ, ϧϡ, ҲǿԱչͻƵĵط
⼸շǫҲѵڿһ, ˱ͻƵĸо
ῳĬƬ˵һֱر׷뻯Ϊ
ǫһ㶣Ҳû뵽ִôҪӵˡֻһڵرĲ, Ұĵ˲֪
ʧȥ, ֻΪͨ, ܿƵʿֻ˥, ʿѱûȤֻʳ¡Ҫʹǰһҿƹʿ, ˡ
ŵȴܺý, Ͼ, ʡ
ۿʱֽ, ʱȷǻ̫ʱһŲνȥ, ¾ˡ
ῶһתʵʦֽҹ̸Σ
ǫʧЦ˵ɲɣλҲؾȻӪͬĿĵһ
ǫ˵Ҳ̲ס̾һԭӵӳ뿪, Ȼ뾩һʵҲͲҪˡ
һĴʱ, ͻȻⲽߵǫǰʦ, Ȼ̫, Ҷڵȥ
ǫһ˲, üЦһ˼Լ̫죿
ῳĬһ£ִȻʦ뿪ǿԽʰ·뿪㹲ͬ뿪Ȼ󡭡
Ļû˵ͱǫøס죬ǫһۣд࣬ʱȡã˵Ķʲô⣬Լ̫죿
῾ĵ˵ͷǫеǵĳ˿еĹ𻨸⻹ûȥҭĻֳֵֻ̧һĶͷǻһ̫챨ţҽΣ
æеĸȥУ
Ҳ֪Уֺα˵ǫ´ǰӴ˵ոռȻ˵һѷϻȴûЧϢ˵񣬶˺̫ϵ
üתֹؿǫѾ۴ʦ̫࣬ʵڲǿͲһɾˡ
ǫ뻹ϵԼλƯʦһȴ޷Ӧ
ǫƬ̣ճ̾һҲ˱ˡ
ƾǷֱʱԼҪȥС̫һѾݣƾû¶棬ȻЩ֡
ƾΪǵ֮ĵһˣ˵ΣղŶԡһֿܣûھ֮ࡣ
ؾУ޷֮ϵ
̾˿ǰۿŷǫٴμϵ½
ʦ֣Ծߴӵһߴ˳ԲԣҾ֪㲻¡
һ£վԭسûǰ
ǫҲһ£˵ҡ
Ҿ֪㲻£Ǳ߷·𳤳˿Ҿͷˡ
ǫüģȱģܵأ̫Σ
ڡǱӵĺܿ죺أû̫죬̫дػӦ¡ʦûиʦֽ𣿡
ǫĬĬ꣬ͻȻ˵½
ǱԳĬãһЦ˵ʦ֣Ĳ𣿡˵仰ʱǱߵָֻ˶˷š
񡣡ǫЦһ£˼ֿɬҿųġ
ʦ֡½ͻȻһһҪƽ˳졣
һġǫƿŴ¹⣬ǻһĨЦ۽ȴЩȣ㡭ҲҪԼٶ̫꣬Զ
á
ǫ˺½֮ϵתͷΰʲôʱ¶
˵ҲȼΏشԼȻ˵һհɣҳ̫ˡ
ʦ֡ߵǫߣСִ֣ǫŷԼָײ֪ʱȻؿٽԲ𡣡
ǫʧЦһ£ɿ˽յȭͷɵӣʲôϵ
ͣһ£󽫷ǫססĶͷʦҲ޹ء

ʦ֣ôȵңϵɫ꣬쿿ڴߣһνҵĽҶѧˣҪҪ
˵겻ȷǫش𣬳кһǫǫҲۿǺ̵ǰʱͻȻһʢ÷ÿ𣿿첻죡
ǫҡҡͷôƤ׸˭ѧģ
ѽ꽫ֱԺ󣺡ʦ˵ˣ̫ţֻдʦҵģ
ǫ̲סһͷ˵˰ɣ̫쵱ҵġ
һҲۣЦת˳ȥҲˣʦ֣ףǰ·лоơ
˵ŻͷǫҲЦ⣺顣

ҹܣǫ۾Ŷϵ¹⣬ʶԼߣߵ滹һڡ
῵һʱתͷ˹ɫЩš
ǫһЦֳ壬ͷǿգģֻ˸Σһλˡ
˭֪ǫ¶ͷϵʦ塣
˵£ȴû
ῼ˳Ĭؽ˹ȥǫӹְ֮һ£̾һˣѾʱ䣬ųôˡǵȥʱٺϵɡ
ʦֺδ㣿
ǫЦһ£ѾˣȴƫƫҪһԼĴ㡣·ʲôԼģȴƫƫǴСƢһ
ǫ֪ģ˵Ǹʱʱ̿ըһŵС̣̲סЦһ˴αңȻ֪λĵ׶û罫һƾĶɡõĻһһ£
áῶŷǫ۾óķˣ̲ס˿ͷµʱҲ̲סǡ
û˱᷽ǫ뿪ܵĻ޲ý˷Ƥ£ʱʱ̵̿ؿš
ʣµģҪˡ

ǫͼڷһֱɵʱƺɫ֣ῴԾȥ
ҪȥִԼˡ
ῼѾΪǰʵѡִ֮һֻǱ޸Լȥ⣬ǱӸµʰߣִһ໥ãٱʱЩԼִ֣Ǹѡ
Ҫʰöƫ˺ִ໥ƺĳ롣
ȻССĽˣҲȫޱ״
˵ִڲѾʮĳɹȥӵȴй뿪޵Ļᡣ϶῾ʱҲôסῷ׵壬ִĵһѹեĿꡣ
ȥһαÿնҪһԡأһС
ʮҲڼ῵±ԽԽ졣ʱʱ˸׽͸
ȥ£ٴǱˮУˮ赼ȥůȪˮ´û磬Ը
ȥû͵ģȻԴһк󣬼῱ԼΪвٳ⼸ն˿գٳʱƺȹȥһ㡣
ȥļҲûٳԹ£ǳ׼ĳȡ󷨣ů峺ˮﲻ֪ʲôҩüῶ֪ȫޡ
ÿһδݲУῶĿƱƺ׼һ֣һΣܸоڵһֻɢ̬ɢˮС
῱ܾ⵱Щ֡ͻȻϺٴδŮӵ뻩ˮ졣


74 ͵
ǫճϴʱ, Էպۿҩʱ, ͻȻ˷ǫ
ճϻûü˵, һ죬ը÷飬ճԭ˳ͷҲһ˲ŭڵ͡
⻹һը¯
ǫҲһ£ճϣû°ɣ
ճϿһ, ðһڻ, ȴЩ޷ȿȣһС⡭¾ͺ, Ҿ֪㲻¡˵Ųȷǫش˵¾
ǫһЦ׼뾩һʦ𣬵ʱٻ̫졣
ճϳĬһ˲̾һȻѾ˴, ȥǣ̫һж, Ҫġ
ʦôˣôըˣһߴ½ϵĴɤţڸ˭˵ǲĸСǻˣ
ǫһ , ϵ̫쵱λƢΪ𱬵һ, Ҳǻһ, ߶Լͬ۷̫Իǲܽġ
ǫСµľλϣСʱ׷ԼܵҲһλ, ʵ¡
ǵ½ڱջأҲ֪г, Ϊ̫˴ٲŲòǰ˱չء
ôһ뷽ǫЩ, ӦϵȻѾϵ, ֮л
ǫָͣƬ̷Ž¹һص䣬Ӵȡطݸֽףչżдʱ԰һһżԶ۵ֽ׵ģ
ֽɿ˼³ŷǫתһȦط˳ȥ
ǫֳһʶֽһ·Եǰֽû˿ͣٵش˳ȥ
ǫʶҲԥظ˹ȥɸܵǿֽ״һ΢Сķ϶һҲǼ˳
Сֽڿһ£û˿ԥطȥһ
ǫһ·һľԺ棬ֽ׻ûɽȥ洫ˤ豭
ʵôģΪʲôڹ뾩
ۿСֽ׽Ҫ򴰻ǫһɴɽֽ׵У˴ڣ͵ĶԻ
кܿ촫һ˵Щİǫ϶ԼûмԷҵǡǡ˵ڱеĵλء
ʰƺһ£ѹʵ
񾩳Ǿƻң·¿ΪɵµŻɵ뿪ǡ
ǫ̲סЦʲôƨλɵԼӶλ棬ˣʱŷӦǲе
ͻȻִѡλСĴӣŸ׺
˭棿
Ǹطǫ˼һֽסֻֽײΡΡض˴ɽȥ
ͬʱط˳¹
طɣֻֽסʰѾָƽȡ
طü˻طڹš
ǫһСԺķɻسȻ󡭡֡Լ⣬ȥˣ

ʦ֣
ǫ͵۾һüģʶûջһʱЩͷʹ
üÿڷǫ˶Է̽ȥʲô
ǫһûѳεӣʵʵؽԼֽ׳ȥһ⣬ʶȴڸһ¡
Ƭ̣̾һʦֻౣԼֶҪ
ҪҪһ̲ˮҲȻԷǫİȫΪȡ
ջת˵ִǽҹһͬò͡
ǫԼʵǱ߷ʲô
ῶһ£һһʮĽ˽֡
һǰ
ῸվýЩ֣һԵִߵϺһѽʮԡءʮһ£رִڻУ԰ס
ִ˷缱ʵôˣ
ʮ촽΢Ҳû˵ֻ̧ͷִЦһ¡
ִһȻʮƿŶʮԭءʮԴЩЦݣȴį
ῴӳгʱתͷһϵһͷʮߴˮֱۡ
ûжԣ뿪˷ǫִȻȫӰֻһսսӼῳˣ϶˵ɾʱȥš
ǫ꼾῵ĸҲЩɣôŹ֣˼˵ʮпѾˣ
ῳƬ̣˵ͷҡҡͷִһֱ븴ˣӦǶģɽ쿴ƺǡ
˶٣ͻȻ̧ͷĿƵؿǫʦ֣ǲеŮ֮鶼˾᣿
ǫԭش޵һŮ֮飬ôţȴ͵ص˵ͷֹ⻹˵ģʮߡѹʵŮҲˡɼһլ
˵ŷǫ˶٣һԼʱĻомլżʮ꣬ԼĪ߰˸˱˴˼䶼޾ˡǲᡣ
ǫ˵ɷн£͵żʾôᷨ
ῸⲻڴˣҲ÷ǫѻƿڴʦֲᣬҲᡣ
ǫˣεؿῡıƤˣϷʦ֣
ǫٴΰֱƹ˼ΰ߰ɣͣҪϯ
һ·ѱʰ׵һĲˡ׼ʱִп棬˫΢УֱѾ֧ƺȻһѾõģ
뷽ǫˣҲ˵ʲô׻̧ʾΪ뷽ǫƣȻվŶλһлλǶл῵¡
˵ţִоһѰƶϸִ·ء
ƲȰײȡǫˣδԼһʮ߹ôڣ
ִʮӰ롣ϯȴִֻһˣʵ⡣ϼǰЩ£ǫڵͦ뿴ʮʲôˡ
ִһ١һھƣֽǰԼ뷽ǫŹߴϣջЩұϢˡ
ʱʱƽִùűҪֱҹɽִȴϯϲƣ뼾˵ЩţЩҳ˼
ǫֻǾùŹ֣Ϊ⣬ֱŮǵΪִѾȴ͵ƿʱǲŻȻִǰưԼˡ
⵹ȤġôҲҲףźƽʱûʲôģǫŤͷ῿ȥ
Уޱسһڲˣϴ˾˯ˣˣ
ôǫһпôǼҵ˾Ʒ¡
ǫϷԼС̣תͷִѵôһү̽̽ڷ硣ǫƬ̣ʵүµɶˣ
ִգգۣû˵ЩǼλĸ˽ָ֣Щɣڵȴ༸λҴ൱˵Ļţƾ῵£Ƶòԡ
뷽ǫһۡǫٲܻҡҡͷʧЦˡҲȫе㻰졣


75 ̬
ִ˲, ʵ˲١
Ȼǫ˵ԼΪпоƱɾˣ޷, ܰͻȥҲ̧ܽ, ¿϶á
ǫžƱֶһ, һʱ侹ЩԶԡ
Ҳһ£ĿⲻԾؿǫ, չӳ˽, Ĳ, °߲ĹӰ
Ǽ῵Ŀڸ̫ǿǫһü, ִ, ǿ˶Էǡ
῵Цһ, ƿߡ
ִڼпҲʵɾʮʮ꣬ʮиļ, ȴײϽûΪȥʮĹ׷ˡɾ֮, Ҳ, ±ɾɾµ, Ī˰
ǫֱЦ, һξþƶȻζˡ
ȴһüû֮˵
ִȴΪһ֣£ҶǺεȹϵ, ҲߵСȥĶˣǱɾ, ֱ, Ÿ
ǫһ£û뵽ִȻô룬ĳҲײ
ȴЩʱδСˣ֮仹ٶһǣ
ִ˵ıӼᶨԼ뷨µȻҲһ棬ڶ̶̼֮УȺ鸴һùഫ֮ʵ̾Ϊֹ
ִк߼ںȴƫƫԲ˵ԼŲɡ
ǫֻúЦתͷ˼һۣҵĻҲ΢ˡ
ῳĬһ£ֱ˵ʵʮ˭
ִһ㶣˵ʱķϲʱֺ˼ھƣſЦǱŮˡ
ִıܿǸɹеĵӣŮ衣Ĺĸ裬ʮ̵ġ
ƺԼĻ䵱УԽ˵Խᣬɷǫ뼾ῶеꡣ߸ϵĳУŮʮﲢûʲôµȳƶ߹մ̫ϣȴʡ
ʱִδʼ⸸Ұģÿձѹ࣬ʮĳ־еһƹ⡣
һһഺִʮܿ˽ʮ֮ˣŮĳȴĨִϾҲã±һٵ顣
ʮˣֻΪִһƵĽ𻷡ʱʮ߸ոձʮ飬Լʶ
ǫգû뵽ִ֮ȻĻֱ࣬졣
ῶִеĹºȤֻзǫһ˶ѣõĲ˱㿪˵ʦҪǷˣȻȥ
ǫһۻԼִЦЦػ˻ξƱٵȵȿ漴˼һۣһȥԼ⣿
һ촽û˵
ִĻһֱΧλŵʮȴԾƵʮϣҲͦ˼ġҲ֪˵˵Լġ
ǫٴν⳶˻ȥүһкδ㣿
ɾ˹ģΪ˵£ִˣɫȴ˵ƣЦЦɾģѾ׼׵ֻǷ硣
ۿִʲô磿
ִƱһţЦЩ⣺͵°ﱾһæˡ
ǫڼ֮ǰʵүҪʲô
ִһЦȻһߵ˼ǰֱץס῵֣汾һˡ
ִ˾⧲ֻתһ󣬱㽫˳ȥĬվ
ǫҲͬʱվݵظ˳ȥ
һ·ٴԡأִ˹سȥһ˳ӣȻῡ
ǸĶһ
оġ
ǫԼֿòףվӦôӾϯõӡһơ
ִԭһȪˮʮߣǴ㡭Լ
ôͻ룿
˵ִĿġȴû뵽ôֱ׵ķʽôչ˳
üͷԭȻòִǫѾȫ˿ģʽεҡҡͷˮ
Ҳ뿴ǷܶɸˣֻĺܻһˣĹҲϧ
῵һ㣬ȪУһ·ִߡ
ǫվڰ߿̲סҡҡͷԡ
ִڳӵһˣҲ˷תãȻ῵ԣЩɻؿǫ
ҼǵõһΧۼʮʱһ߽ʮߵеġǫ°ʹԸΰʱʮҲ˽ڵɢˣȴûаֽڡ
ǫҡҡͷ̲סʧЦһԼĶԶġ
ῳĬ˰Σתͷǫճ̾һʲôʦɹǣעҡϣֺЩĶ
Ҳֱӳԡأһ𶶸մʪˮͷȥԡִãȻնԡض
ͻȻִ˶ȥڿԡصײ
Ὼͷǫͬʱһ£ǫָָˣҪ𣿡
ü˰벽ͼִִˮվһϵãȻѾһɨգֻʼʱʹ뷽ǫת˲䣬΢΢Ц
ɾЦˡִĨĨǰˮƺǲʤˡ
΢΢һ£ƺֻôƬ̣ǰ̻¶ֲִӰ
ִ˹سԡأȥϵˮաЦſһȪˮջʲôû˵˱ǾƹѲִʱҲˣ뿪
ǫͼҲصУͬʱ˵
ʶΣ
ǳˮʲô쳣𣿡
ǫ̲סЦһ£ͦõģƮţ˳˹ޣ顣
ƮصʰΧֻλطʵڹУֳȥֻһĨʶѣҲҿ̫
üָʶؿ棬ջŪִĴ㡣߿ʰߣҲȰʦʶջ
ڳˮ쳣Ҳ˵ĿǰӰ졣
ҹ֮Ůţͬʱ֪⼸պϢȥȪҡ
ִǰ仯Щ̫죿ǫ˼Ƭ̣仯ǴӼʱʼġƺһϵвʧһ㡣
ȥ׽Ǹ󷨾ʲôǫ˵Щź˵ţˣƵʱʴµġ
漴ȼֹǫƿţҪ̤ĽŲȴһͣ쿴
ûƬ̳ߵǫߣԶ¥ϣ򿪣ͷƻԻ͡
ִһ£Ķ衣ͬһµʮִԣϸ֫޹ǣҡһ˴Լ


76 㼯
ĸ׶ɽ㡣
ǫü˰, ͻȻпʮԹءǲǳŮ, ˵, һ˿ɾǺ¡, 
һ, Ƭ˵Ҳģ
ΪһˣܵƬദ, Ϊкη
ǫҡҡͷ, ˵ʲô, ȴסˡ
Ů, ִĿ鲻αԹġ
ῼῶԻĶ˲ûжȤ, Եһʱ俴˷ǫɫе쳣ô𣿡
ûʲôǫҡҡͷִ֪ʮ߻ʮİŮ, ǫóȻ¶ۡȻ, һ͵һȥҹĳ㹻֣ⲻпˡ
Ҳ͵ĸƯʶ, Գÿշڡ
Ҿ˵£ôֻдһ˲, ˼ؾ, Ҳ⡣ǫƳ˼һ, оЦ⡣
˵ⶼ̫׼ȷ, ɮ⣬ĿΪΣǸ˶ҧһڡ
ῼǫ΢Ҳһɣʵʶأջ
żȿҵʶٹ䡣ǫ̧ͷҹգֺܳѹǵĽȸСüԾĵ⣡
ûü˵꣬ͼӰϿգΧŻĶŮ
лꡣǫüͷִһΪʲô
ΪЩߣϢͨǰ֪۲޲ûпܡ
ǡΪʲôƫƫѡ˽˵ֻһɺϣ

һߣһǰǫֳһʶʵһֱû̫ԶڸŻصڣҲں˴ʱһʱ䷢˶Է
ϴߣ֪ΪȴǫϤĸо·ǰԷɺΪǿᣬǫųһĨʶҿ̫ټϽҹ£ڰи޴ӱ˵ݡ
⣬Ͻӡ׾ٵش͸漴ͥŲ̤С
ǸʹõġǷӡ
ϤĹ·⵹ǫԷˣֵĺࡣǫʦѯʹ˵ĺ󻰣Ӧñ̨ºƬв
֪ôģַ˾һλ˵ôһλаˣԶǧΪ˼䡣
ŻΪǸͷ۵Ӱɡ
ȻǣΪϿ˸ӣǫҲӦβȥ
ǹĸ󡣴ԼΪʶ֮ȻΪۿۣȵȵı仯бͬʱաһţ漴˵п֡
ֱʧԭء
ɲǡǫʶڸһʱֱӲһԵӰУʱ︹̵һϽţ治١
𷨼δ£Ӱ϶롣ǽԺǽ󣬻˴˿һۣ˸ȭűȥ
һ·ˣҲͦгǫͻȻеˣԼĨʶżȻƶҲᱻͬˡǰӦòóȻ֣ݾߣˡ
ǫţһ˸ָǰǱǫʧЦȻٵȱϯ˵ԼᣬȴԼȻرءѾطˡ
ԼڽҹǸʲôܲΪ˺͹Լİɣ
ǫ϶˰Σû˹ԥƬ̲ƵƮԼ塣
ͬʱﰵһģһ˷̫֮һżῺúоһ󷨡
һĽ֮ͬأֻͼ῱󷨵нãҪ˼ǿᱻ˷֡
׵ͷʵЩ
ǫգգ۾͵ջʶʶһ˲ĴңŲһ¡
ַ̧һ·ǫĸ첲Ŀⵣǵؿ˹ȥ£
ʲôǫһЦǺؿܣֻΧӰ㿣һۼϷΧ
ǫסľ룬̲ס̾һǷ𣿡
ü˵ҵɼ
ǫһ£ҹҲѿԶִı飬ҲʶⷽĿԡ˵ȴͻȻסһߡ
ˡǫһ䡣
СϣһŮǫϵŮճΪ᷿ЩɨżЩơŲӲϴƽ΢Ц𽥽ӽˡ
ǫĿ΢ѰھĽϡοŮѾû˻Ϣȫľӡ̨Ϲĸ費ͣеȴԽԽأȴ֪һҹȥڻʣ¼ˡ
˵ЩأҲ
ŮǸо˻˵Ϣ۾͵һɫֱ㶵ضŷǫ뼾ΰűûٽͱһᴩͷ­
ǫ΢̾һǰ벽Ů۾
ǫôںִǰŮֵĹĸҪЩʲô¶ɱǫ㲻ܿŷ˶
̨˰εض𡣾ʣӯ·ǫŵһ޽ǫϢǣһƿҹŨĺȻ֮£аĪ档
ͬʱһţͻһ޴Ľɫƣʩηӡ״̨Ȼʧɫʮߡ
ĺԺУš䲻Ǻǰ˵أɴ˿̵ɮˣ·ֻΪħ
һ¡
ǫֹ̨֮ϣѹľ޴ӡִչ鳾Ǻһʮߵǰ޴ӡʱͣסȴֹʮ߲ҽһִҲѪ
һ̾ϢԹʩĪҪΥ
ʮ˶һ£ִӰȻεǰʮ߲Щ㱣ס䣬ҲЩɾôĹĸѽɾ㡭
סִعͷʮߣȻһЦǱסˣִûѹ
ҡ
ʮ߲ţͼӵǰ˼ҹӣү
ִȻڷӡ»סʮߣʱȴһƽƿѪ˿һһ٣ˣҡ
ʮĿնؿִͻȻͷ΢΢һЦүҪġ˭ѽ˽үҪ˭Ҿ˭𣿡
ִǱŵ룬͵غ˰벽
ǫ˺ߡʩηӡڣִʮߵͷǫˣĶЦЦʩּˣȻû
ɡǫüͷ΢вڼ𻨣ܵʲô
ؿŷǫЦ˵Ϊʩһ˵ġ
˵꿴ǫ󣬲֪ʱվļῡ


77 
еʩηӡ, һ½ҲЦŷǫ뼾, ΢΢ͷׯƫƫִЩ
ǫ, ЦЦǸ, ˵͸ʲôҲʶ, ̫ˣҪҪһ̫
಻͵һš
ǫһ˵ûʲôɱҲѹʱĳӰɪ, Ȼ¶棬ǫ֪Ǽ˿´ʱܰпš
ϾԼ߻пɮ
ŷǫĻ, ĪһЦ
ǫһּ̨ǶԻŮƺʱֳʲô̫󶯾, ׼רĶԸļ·, ΪҽҪ֪˲ڿôѡڽҹ̽˵˵ģ
΢΢һ, Ҳ˼⣺ӷҹ£ʺϰ¡
˵ţĺʮת˼, ϿңƶɮӺ£ɾҲؽšȻɾ˵ˣƶɮҲżɽ, ƶɮһˡ
һ, ܵĿƺˡһӰ, ǵڶ֮һվһˣպͺͺѾǫͼγǶ֮ơ
˵ЩɳƣҪߣҲøߡ
ǫЩЦ뿪ڱִǱĹ͡λߣҪһʱ
Լ˾һ㶡
ǫΪĿһִѪδĨɾʱվ·һﻹǰǸ˲
ͬʱǽ߳Ӱǳʧ˵ļλ䣬ԭڰطһλҲˡ
ΪҲһλ䡣
ǫǵһοЩ䣬ǽڵΪٿȴԪӤϣκɶǳϼĴڡ
ȻǿΪǿΪʿ˵һˣȴ᳹׷ϵҲִ֪ǸʲôĺôЩء
ִһЦݵǰλǷýҹܺýҹǡʱգķҲ⸮иǺ޷Բԣ
ִһеģڳļʿҲһ֡Ȼˡĸоǵв뵽ǸȦ׵ˣ֪Ȧףܽӽ῵ĻҲֻһΣҪβΪҹ
ǫ̾˿Լе˶ȥˣǺοأ
⸮ʿӰ첻󣬵ͨȴѴ˵
ԭʮΧ֪꣬ʱɢ
ǫ·εʬһʼʬȷʵǿʱ⣬ټϡʮߡлġò˶ãЩʬͻúѶԸ
Ҳִƻеһ֣
ִͣһ£̾ҲΪֻ˳ưˡұΪ˵£ЩҪģܲȥǵ·ϵ
溬΢Ц˶һڽյõϢѾ׼մ뾩
̸ڣ͵͵뿪ºٶµˡ
ʮãؿִڹֹͣѾû취ƿˣԭ£ҲڷٵɢԭԲմʱָֻ˲Ұ׵ɫ
ѾԹˣӯǿִ˾ڳȡĸ
ʱͻȻӯӯһЦ˵ͼƻ˵ģ
븮ͼƻõġִһ£ͷʮߣȻʱ⣬Ҳĵģ뿪𣿡
һ䣬ʮ˲һᣬȻѪɫġ
㰮ȴЦһһߵִǰҲ㿴ҲһģһȰϵҡ
𣿡ִʮߣɫ粻Ҳʮ
ʮ¶˾ŵɫǰһȴԼִ֮һϣײȴ޷ͻƹ˵ʲô
ִһʱʮͣʵܸл㡣
ű֮еʮߣԼҲȥʮߵϣǱ̫ڹȥһʱûʮߵĺáΪʮ︴һ𣬱Ѿʼˡ
ȻڣɸʮҲһԸһֱ˵ԼǶԵġִ֪УԼĳƺҲ˱仯
ȥߵľŮӣҷ㲻ʮʱҵܸˡʮδµȥ֡ҲܺãǿܶݵΪá
ʮԲɣû뵽Լͷβûƭִû뵽ν龹Ȼ׸ı䡣
֮УϵԹһʱִУȴδܵײеҲȫ˺һЦȻҰǰҰɱǣ춯֣
һ䣬һΧʮ⣬ڵɢȥһͬ˺һꡣ
ǸоʹһĿִϣֱ治ǰǺޡ
ˣν氮ۣʮߡͻȻЦˮд̫̫ãɹ̫̫ĻǣаǸŮˣǸס顣
ЩŮˣȴôˣү˵Ҳ˵ĺġ
һԸɾǧ꣬ԸԸͬ࡭ѪٴκӣƺͲʹˡ
ִĿⲻԾڡʮߡϣҲһ䣬ֲԾ߬ȭûܻ
һ˹ǫƸпǾʣһ˫˹עһǶ췴һѾʮþˣ
ִ΢̾һתԷǫĳһЦ֮ɾĻǰаˣ븮ϿΪҼʮаҲӦ
ԷǫԵġ췴ִ֣ģҲᵱ˵ģ벻ϡ
ִеҲת÷ʮϵԹ֮ϢΪŨأúõһŮӴʱȴݿֲִĿȴ顣
ִȴֻŮȡǰݻµֻЩ޹˼Թ¡ؿĪһָԼһֻ𻷡
ʮµģʮܡʮߵ屻ѹեʳƺмʹֿ࣬⡣
ǫִǸŤĲŮ
ӷ𡣡üһţתͷǫʩԸƶɮһħ
ǫԭںִţȻĻʱЦãУһġ
಻Ϊ⣺˵ؽħǵôͲһˣ
ǫԥһ£ѯʵܷ֮Ŀ𣿡
նػشܣ
ǫüëʣһ軮ҹ
һֱļῼҲͬʱ뽣ͬʱбĻһԵбĸմ֮㷢ͬҽһ졣
ǫâ·µĺڰһҹĽаĪǫͷԺһЦУ˵õһͿ
΢΢ָᵯ


78 
һָ, 黨ӡ, һֲ֪ʲôʱȡһ澭ڣҡת½, ໹, ΢ƴȱ, оġǰУ
긦һӽֱ࣬ӱȻˡ
ǫ⿴̲ס̾˿Ըĳ, ǺеϱСù¶Ȼ꣬Ҳ֪һλ󵽵ΪΡ
ִɫֻһ, ִ֮ڡɷǫ뼾ῷ׷׳֣ЩԼסЩˣ뱾Լ, ֺαڳ֡
Ȼطѹһ, ִĿ䡣
ԼҲ⡣ǫüһЦͣ, ֮նʬүȻôֲͬʵû취ͬۡ
ۿǫ뼾ῶնɱ껹Щ˫赵˼ִٲ, ˻֡ЩǿаθΪʿ˷ǫǰ
ྭҡͣӷⲻƽ
ǫͷһ, ЩȥҺӵ鷳, ڷǫ뼾, ǻ赲Ϊʱ̴ŵһߵ鶯֮ºĴͼѶˡ
Ҳѹֺ쭵춼ҪԹһ䣬вʵ
ҲܲƽǫĿͣںϣοһе̱Ըġ
ڼ뷽ǫһִ˵ôǼΰҪǻ˵ΰͼҵЩ伴Ҳ֡
ԶԣҲ˫ִ黨ӡתΪȭӡ߳һԣԼһ䡣
ԺˣǫףȻʿһѹƣ˻ǿԽɱ˵ĽޣԸʵڲס
۸ĺУ£ֻһɷ𡣴ʱٷĳ꣬ȭӡɱ˺ǰƽȡ
ǫ̲סҡҡͷ˻һҪٵԼĹ
Ǵʱ·ԪӤΪȫǵҩǿаȣˣܿԳơִҧִҪ뱾ΪУ
῿ִһֻۣרڷǫа
ִͻȻһɣ̾һһ䣺֡
֮УʮϵԴԴϵسȥ˶Եݿ£ұġϿٴαڰ֣·ǰǫĽ꼻һ֡ǫ뼾Ȼٳ֣ȴһʱ䱻ҪĿס
ʮ߷·εĳȡУݵҲƮڰա˫ȴŲԶִ
ִƶʮߵĿУ˶ӡʮȴȻһЦһһϣִ˵˾ʲô᲻ţִȴĴˣҲˣ㾡ԡ
ִĿһ˲úǳûжؽͷŤ
ʮߵЦЦûеСоõԼԹҲɢµѾ·һˣΪԼİҵΪ˱ŮˣڲˡȥҲ࿴һۡ
У˵Ѳǰ󣬶ǰǰʱľһصػһȹȥòɾȴɾ§һŮӣ˫һŮ˵
ʮǽɢЦң˰ɣʲôں㡣ֻһɱ˰ˡ
һ䣬ȴ֪ڶ˭˵
󷨽ʮϵգеҲǴﵽ˶㡣Ǽסǫ뼾῵Ŀ䶼Ǳߴˣǫԣ⽫ϻս֣ȴǳһĵͻȻһһĴųС
῵һʱִȴִ˸ֱǵǰʧˡҲսҷǫ
ûпʮִ߽ҲƽƬڰУ漴ű۾Լһᡣ
ִ˵ǳʧȥ볣졣ǰ໤Ӱ졣ʮ͵һƣޱߺڰ
岻֪ϸ䣬ȴʼû䡣ۿԼƤ²ѪҺһƺ̣类ˮһɱ
ʼûбϹ۾һֱϷ
ˣʮߣϵ۾

Χǳľ󣬵Եıˡ
ǫüĳЩؾĹˡҵͻƵĿڣºط
ֻһСƿɵضȹˣﻹôأӦøײŶԡ
ǫô̲ס˸Ƿڲ֪ʱصļϡ
ӷ𡣡̲ס˷ǫһۣܾһԵǳһ
֮֮ǫϺ۾΢΢һЦ⴦ˣҶͨ¼Ǿô
ԭ䱸Χüˣʶ˴ˣǶԴڲͬӪĿȴͬ
һЦִ񣺡ɾ˶£ƶɮ̨£źࡣ
кȴ˽֮طĿתǫȻƲӣǷǫòδģ̫ױϣ㲻ǳĿ𣿡
ڳͣҲʱܵĿ䡣ǫ˿ûб¶ľȸУЦݺ㣬֪Ƿط÷ǫЦле
ط㻰䲻࣬ҲľګɵӡŷǫĿǽ䱸
ط㽣ţкʮΪطܵλ̫ŵɾλӦ
⻰һܶʱ
ǫЦŶ˹˹֣ʲô֮ģҲ̫⡣·ǫ֪λǣ
˶ЩɣûӦ˵ʲô˭֪ǲʱôԼģԭǴ߼ΰɾǰǿ¾ͺˡ
ǫĬҲΣԵļΰλҲϵãǳġҲ˵һ£̫ӣʦܣ
̫ųĻ̡
վڷǫߣŽۿ⼸ˣǾͷһǰ֪δɢģ¿῵ΪҲнڡɾѾܸˣῲżꣿʮû
ǫԼĿ˼ɣɴ˵Ȼ˵ҲǵԸΪ˷ƺͳƺǴںСΣ
˵䣬ǫּ죬ͻȻƳ罣âֱȡһʬͷ­
طһ£ûзʬʲôʱֵġ
ڷǫһ࣬ʱſ˵ҿûг·
˵ع죬˵ͬ˸֪ΨʱĺĿӳ죬ԶĬС
ǫͼڳãȻĳе˴·Ρ
ѳɹ򣬵ֵǣ⵱еתȫеʬҲǰҪΪǿжϢҲѹطǰûܲһ·ɱڣȻĶõš


79 
Ҫô뿪, ҲͲ֮Ϊˡ
ǫһɫͻȻ˵ط䡣
нǧҶ, ꡣ˵תͨ, ޷ͨϢȷʽٻظһ, þʱȥ̫
֪еʱǷִͬۼǫҲʱ, Ҹȫĵطţͦʱʢʱ
ȻǫһԤСĹǰؾȵ֮ͨ, ҵ³Ķռ䡣ǫδҲ˵ؾһ, һĴš
, ؾеʱδԳ֮
һ, ǹлһӣ߷Ǯҵۣ뿪
ڼ߼䣬ֲ䡣˵ʱû, Ҫĵ˵Լ˺Ҳʵǿ, ġ⼸շǫ뼾ΪͻҲǰġ
᷿, ҲΪ᷿Ƿǫ뼾Ϥĵط, ܱطҪȫһЩ
·ƽ, ֻϢƽʹӵյյͥƴʱҲδձ, µĳˣǫ뼾Ώᳵ··Ͼûһʬɧš
Ҳ֪߶·û߶ԡ
᷿ڵƫԺʱ˶һ㶣᷿ǰһŮֳֹ˽󿴵ĵһĨ⣬֪ģл㻶ϲ
ɵǿŮʱϲˡ
ʵŮǰģʲôǵĴˣһԲȴҲмɰǼּгĵ
ζӨӨһ˫һգҲգضǰ㶳ֱǫ뼾߽γѣԼ͵һ±˲һ΢΢ͷһ£ɾ
鶯죬ⱾǺܿɰһŮӡ
Ůƿ˷ţйȴղںڰһ㣬ֻӳ֮ءڱͷһʱ䲢δǰŮҲߴ٣Ҳգۣôŷǫǣǻһ˿Ц
޳ɻǣʣµǰǿʿոպʱҲѱǣǱǰһĨִסǿдϣź⣬Թƣɱ
ʬȴʶѣɱ⡣
˵ĿʶǫжϣΪ׵ơ
ǫҲû˵ڴʱһصĽŲĻŵŵ˹Щ˵òҲû˿仯ɫ糣ֹ
˵񣬱֮ʿɱȴɭȻֻɱ·ܵĳֿ̲һƬɱıؼ֣
άȣǫѰ˼һ£㿪˵ȥ
Ϊ˴һ·ƽʱڵأûкôֻͽͽķΪˣԲӦ䡣
˲Ǳ᷿͡ڣ˭һ涼һ򵱹ĪôҲù潩֡
˵ܴһľ飿
ʮûϷˣһ˲ͻȻϷֳ֮꣬档
ôһ룬ǫԼ̲סЦصյȻ޴档
ŮǸˣһΪƺʲôûȴźݵؽһһ
ſŲҹһ䱾˾ס᷿Ӳ󣬴ʱڵúǹ˳ԵˡŮˮΪ˲衣
ǫĬؿŮæ꣬ſ˵ǻҪ̸ȳȥɡ
ǣɾ͵¾ţⷹˡŮӯӯһЦ˵꣬ſڡ
һ¡ǫͻȻٴο˵үأ
⻰ֻ̽ѣû뵽Ůͣһ£΢Цش𣺡ҹүȻѾϢˡүҶºɾҹУ𵽴߶ЩЪϢΪá
˵˳ȥعغ˷š
ڼ˶һ£Ӫһʱ䶼û˵ֻǽ䱸ܣϵҹͲ㶼û˶
ϻʮ֮ǹĶ˭û»ȥԣ
ǫŷһȦﻹ뿪ǰģʲôرĵط
ǵʱûлصطѡȥı˵ִ鷿ֻΣ
һֿǼڱΧĹ״̬Уһǻᴥһ㡣
硭ִ
ִ֣᲻֪˵աһͼҵ֮ˣԼվοֻһûΪʧȥͨˡ
ǫелԼ򵥻ϷһĿԵĺϰߣܵػһоϸڣοɾȵǸ׼еСƺҪٺࡣϸϸ׽Ůǰ˵ĻͻȻ
һֱעŷǫһһʱͻȻˣɻ󡣺໹ǹſڣӷʩ
û˵꣬Ѿǰһˡ
ط΢΢üֻϲԴǣһʱδȴʵɾʲô˼
˼ϴϴ˯ɡֻǷ䲻󣬸λֻܽһˡǫɢɢ
ּһƣž˿˵ˣڵĺڡֻѭż῵ֿȥ˵ͷһ
ֻӰϣֳֹƵŮӰϸףһգĲȴأ˳·Ŵ϶нͷ̽ʲôȴŶ롣ȻӵеĲӲסζһߡ
ϵķǫҲһиϸ룬һ紵ŮеĹƶʱˣٴһƬڰ
طĬдǰţվǰüŴ⡣
һƬУǫٿշֱӷ˴ͬʱһִֻǽд˽ץ
Ҳ֪̫˧̫ͱһˡǫҲɣ뽣һֱӶֱֻۡ
һߣ϶ֶֻͼƴŶ롣ҡҡ޹ǣȴ飬·ն֮Ҫŵļ˶ϳš
Цһ£ӷˡСɮֱԣ׽Ǹ
֪ɣôиǡǫصԼŵλá϶һµֱۣ壬ѪһԵǽ⻬ƽ˿ûбһֻͱƵģ
ͻȻСƺһǫͷȥƼһץסԼֱۡһǫе㷢㶣Щô󣬿˵ɱطǰĴУӿƺȱ𴦶Ҫࡣ
ֹ׽һпŴ򹷣ΪһšֻǷǫſܱ᷿塣
ҪǳȥαǷſһţʬ뺷һֱͼקȥĻ˻Уֺαֻƺƴ
ǿչǹ
Ϸˣ
ǫһ£ܿԼһ²⣬ͷΰվλøɸɾûһ
䣬һʼΪ˱һ˵ġ


80 
ͷֻһ, ȴ÷ǫһ顣ڣŴֱ䶯ͼЩץ, ϳȥ⵱Ϊˡڵ᷿Ļ, ھֻһǻŵġ
ῡ
ɵıӰɲִô, ִеĹؼˡ
ȴ֪˻ǹ
ɵıӰ˶ȻҲͨһؽڡǰһס˷ǫ, Ȼסļ磬Լı۰֮С
ǫջǽ¡, Ҫģһֻܽǫеļһ, ǽʱй, , ٲ
ԭվűߣһһţһ῱Ϝ˹
ü, Ҳûڸˡ
˱, ʣµҲܻע⵽, ԥһ, Ҳȫ˹
˽һ, е㼷
ǫϸնһ, ˱ҲĬӵһֻһƶٻЩǫ֮Ǵʯĸо
һ῵ִӷǫļһʱЩտ䡣ֻһǫж˲١˳ֱץס˼῵󣬴黤ʯȥֻ̨󣬷ǫź֪Լûл˭𣿡
̧һӣһŻֱӵơůӳ£û졣
ǫ̲ס죺ǰȫݵ趨
ůӳ£һԭ״ǫǰնϵĹֶʧˡһƽƽڣ˼һЩˡط߿¡
ǫż£üơͱڻ͸оССһݡ۹ʱΣճȼգǰܷͦһʱδ֪
ʱ϶ûûǸ⡣
ǫѰ˼Ƭ̣˵ŵģͷĶͲҪȻָһ
ط˱һ٣ŷǫ΢
ջǺȿ˵ӷʩ
ط²Ϊ˲Ϊ˳׷ħġ
ųһܻǫ˵ߵߣһƿ˴ŮվſڣȴѾ쵽˴ǰ
ǫƿպúŮӭϣϺãҹ粻
ŮһЦòؽͷ˻ȥʲôûзһ
ˣ
ǫ⿴˹ȥϧɿ£ȻҲû취жʱ
̾˿һ£ŨУȻһ˿˿ȡһܻãߣһ㡣
طʶҡͷֻмΌԹԵߵߣһͬǣѹڡ
ǫֻһ۱תߣֱϥ˱ˣ۲Ϊ
ϰţһߣͲ֮ˣҪ
ط˶һۣԥһҲϥȴǫͻȻ۾ӴʯȻ³״̬
ط㣺
ʯãɹеԹŨһѨ㲻ɱڡС編ƣʱܲɭ䡣طͦþһЩϢȴҲһ졣ѣָⶼڷۡ
תͷῺͷǫڴǰվڴ߿棬ĽǶȻܿԱŮӰӡ
ˡǫ۾ط㣬εջ֮Ŀֻʣ֮һ
ǫü⣬ͬʱҡҡͷ
ʱ䵱УһֱŴ⣬ûκα仯
ǫԥһ˲תߵǰֱƣߡ
طʶе̨ȥĶ
һ´˼ˡ˵ߵǰûаɵأֱƿ˷š
ŷֹ֣Ů⣬ЩҲһһĶ⡣ȻţǵȱпȻһ£ȴվĺȡĿطڷǫϣ˿ûб׽еΡ
ҲǣˣܶΣ˵ղƿŴֶǵġ
뵽һ㣬˲ԼͬؿЩʬֱۣûʲô
ط齣Ѿʣ֪ǲǹȥһʱԭܾЩʬƺǰҪ󡢸׳ʵһЩϵҲΪŨʹڻ͵ŷȴԹءʱǫǵĿ⣬ҲǺΣ̰ɱ⡣
ǫݵǰһЦºͣͼһ¡
УԾƱţǿŹ⣬ǫ
Ůյƣһó˵·
ЩһʱҲǼײ죬뻮һǫ̨Ὸһ·´Сǵ᷿ٴαڰûͬʱЩʬĿҲӷǫ뼾῵ƿضźˡ
ٲɣ̤ǰҲٸϣԼƵ΢֮С
˱ԺΏͷȥŮ뻤ڿǣῴǵĿУһָоһ۲ĸо
Ժ⣬ȻŨأȴʬꡣֱǫȳŲһжһظĸоǶ֮ˣ᲻ţһ·ʲôûУͷǱѹסһ㣬Ʋ
ǰԽΰǫѯʵʩ֪ЩʬΪʲô
ҾáǫһǵĿ⣬̾˵ǲǲ룬ֻǲܡƱһѹǵıܡ
ĶִҰޡִֶܽ뱾ѹסǿÿ¡
ƺͨ˸йؽڣȻأʩ˼ǣ
򲻻ƾճ֡ǫ˵ͷҲ롣ٴʣǫͻȻٴο˵ͷЩں档
ڻͷһ룬׽Ӳס
μʵǹҪʲô
ǹȥǫЦһ£˼֮˶ʶ˽ŲЦ˵һ㣬Ǿ׷ˡ
Ὸо˲Ծ¶ɱ⣬ͷһۣ̫䡣ط˶һ£˸ոĲ
طһ˵ոγɣЩʬʵжǿ
ǫЦһ£üͷ΢ȻҪǹȥŮ䣿ⲻϨڳǰ˵һ仰
طһ£ȻŮǰ⽻һ䣺𵽴ߣЩϢ
ƽ˵ꡣ˿ûļ
طĬһ£ʬδҲһ㣬߻һ׸ǣǵصϨ𣬿ⲻ˻ľء
СһĬԣֱʱſ˵һ仰ЩɳƣǹΪβԼ
⡣ǫ΢΢һЦֻԼܹˡ


81 
ǫ⻰˵Լû˵, ˳׳Ĭȥ
ǫǺνˣôҲû塣ٹ죬Ҳ޽⡣̫С
һΪĹ޽, ʡ, ֮ǿ, ҲǸʮߵŮڴ֮, ˹Թ¡
ǿǵԹ, Ҳ
еƻ𱾾ͲǫС£ס𣬲ƹȼգͬʱӿ˽Ų, ִ鷿, ñ鷿ҲǱںڰΧҲްϢ, һƬƽ
·Ϊ˴Ƭž, еķײ졣
ǫǰһ, еͻȻһǰȼٶҪࡣǫ͵ػһͷԺ⼷һʬ, һ·, ġˡˡ
Ѿû·ˡ
Ȼû·, Ǿǰߡǫ˵鷿ſ, ֱƿš
Ųδ֨ѽһһ磬ҳ졣ǫǰ˵ݣһӣ֧°ͣڿ顣
Ƕϵӣ˵Ҳڱϡǫ̾һȴ⣺ү͸õƣ۾
ִ̧üִò
ʬౣǰòֻϺɭȻҲӲ졣
ִȴͬƤ飬鲼ƣ·ƤС䣬Ѿˣֱһƴ˻ȥִŷǫЦЦǱߵѷ콫ЦݳøҲ졣
֣ؾ񡣡
һ죬ῷִҲͬѷ죬ܿѷеѪ䶯˶٣˵ǳѹƴճġ
ǫ±Ǽ⣬ȻҲͬĲ²⣬δе㺧ţЩУδ˵¡
ǫһԵϣе˵Ҳ֣ӺȻѽףȼյٶȴٴηŻƻҲͷҪһЩǫִЦЦүﻹ𣿡
ִĿ΢ؿ˷ǫһۣδƺƬ̣վһȥ
ǫ˶һʪաִƫƫ͡Ųÿһۺۡ
̲סһšؾӣᱻ˹һɮţִɢѪζʵЩ̫ڡ
ǫǻȻˡѹִ鷿Уµ߳鷿ϵƤⶼõˡ
ִһߣƺǫ˿ŵЦЦЦ
һЦǵһƤ㸯׹ȥֻǸשʯأƮƮԼۻԭ
ִܲӦԼǣһһȻֻһƬƬǶ˻ȥȱϰԺͺá
طСЩŻ
ǫɫ糣ֻǿϧҪļƻвͨˣүȻ⽫ȴ֪Ϊιʣ
ȻΪ˹ıơִĿֻڼϣĿͬʱȴһּɵ
п޲Ůʮһ㣬Ἶ῵壬ɰҵָտɴܣҲҡһ˫У˶Ӳӵģ翣ȴһС֮ζڲԼĿ󣬶һ
ִپڼƤøˡǹ֮ʵԶڼ֮ϣɻη塣η壬Ƶ۵Ұִ޷ѹĨ
ִ𣬼η֣̰̿塣ǫ̲סһ
˵ƣ
˳ĬִҲ˵ͬˣҲ޾١
ǲ̫һǫί˵Ѿˡ
ǫһ䣬ڿһͣطϺëʶʱν
κִһЦ˵ûԲˣǺܺ𣿡
Ҳ˵ǫû˵꣬ͱطֱӰס˿ڣͬʱ῵ĳѾطĺϣâ
ط㵹̫η弾῵Ľɼȴ֪Ϊξûȥջ֣ʱǹԵ׵ĸо
ִΣͷط㣬ɫָ׿棬ƺܲͷƺЩȸԾɱ⣺£Щ˻Ҫ𣿡
ط㲻Ծش˸Щûڸոյĳ嶯Ͳùˣ
漴ִĿ뿪ط㣬ں࣬ڴСڵһһ˹ȥƤִܵӲֻһ˫۾ɴˡգͫ׻
ûлشͷǫǫһʱȽԼǰλСġϨˡ
ִĿ䵽Լϣ̲סվһ£λȫӷƶɮ࣬óԡ
ǫЦһ£㽫µУүҪô
ִҲִţЦ˵ƽȱ˱ԭ㡭
ִ˼άһ㿪˵ԭȡĿġڡҪ֮Ҳá
ִΪźؿ˼һۣ¿˵˺Ϊɾٱ뾩
ǫüû뵽ִһ˽ֱ֮ӸǣǾǳˡ
ִûпǫ˵ѳģճп¶в㣬ʱҪҹо¾ԷģΪǵľӻԭȵĸǿ󡣡
ִƶǫһ£²ִ᲻㽫Щ˽ȫɲʹꡢʬԹеЩʬҪʲôǰִֻŤתɣȴѰʬǿҲѲ
ִĿѲ˽ޡ
ԣ
ִβֱӽ綼֮Уһֵزǫ῵ͨҲȻ졣
һƣȫһ޵֮˶ϻǰִҲȻɼĵط
ǫĿⲻƵִ߹طۺϡ
ִǿΪǿδȫƿ߹ҲˣִǱƬ򡭡
ơ
ǻ᲻ᡭɲʵĿģ
ǫЦȥĿԶͻȻʶӻص᷿ʼһֱǣűˡ
ɾʲôִƮ֪ʱѾվһһŲˡ
ǷǫĽһִš
ȻִƤѿȴ·һϣԾ֮޷̴һ֮ͬײһ޴Ľϣηǫ߶âҲ޷ǰƽ֡
һ̫죬˻ûӦͼִ¶һЦͽץǫĽ档
ǫû˿ԥس˺󣬼ͬʱ῵Ľ˹
һִûӲӣתĵ˴̨ǰһֵ˺ü⡣


82 ʳ
ִϵ, ǻɻȥ˳֫·á䶯ָоִϱøΪԡ
ǫһһִ˶٣ȥж졣þͺ, Ȼִûϰ߹
һ, ƲϷϮִ, ǫľҲһĨâͬʱ֡
طС˵Ĳս, Ǳִֻ鷿, 뷽ǫҲĬϵѡ䣬Ϸдڸɸɴ࣬ӻͳһͭǮӸ˰
൹ǲˡӷһ, ૷𾭲, ӡ仯ǧ򣬹½, һδγ, һɵķӡִȥ
½˵ȲԵǿ, ƹȻȵҪһЩȴֲ˻ˡ˵ӡƳٶȲ죬ִȴǸƶ״̬, ǿ˵ġ
ִʵʵ˼·ӡ, ֱῡǫ, ﷢ĲҽС˫Ŀ, ƤµҲ·ӳһƬ⣬ϵȻŴ˵ͻȻ˼ڵָ׼һƬ׶ῡǫȥ
뷽ǫһۣ˲δҲȴĬһῺὣִĹצĹ½ⱻ˽սʱɢĹһƬͬʱǫͻȻѸײڶ֮ƣһִ
ִæջֱۡǫһУȴϷִķǰһ㣬Լ῵޷ͻƣִزҪ㡣
ڼ˾ս׵ʿǴ˵ûҲ˱Ҳ緽ǫһִһͭǮιһΡ
ǫ̲סϿһۣҡͷ̾ңͷá

ûȻȴطأȣ˵˵յ𣬿ʬǷ·Ҫ಻סˡ
طҲǷǫ룬ִɱɢĹرʬʳ꣬޹âǣ˿¾ҪԸǧĳս
ִһսȻǷǫҲٲҪʯмȡЩаĹȺڡ
ִȻǲݣִսй߹˵ֻǸ鷳
ǫüĶһ˵УһΡ
ӷʩҪηӡdӡǽħӡƤһ˵䣬öӡصذ
ϵ߹ҲΥ汾ִӡŭ˫ֱǣſɫ֮ԭһƬϣƵĹоһڶҪж
طСҲסŰ塣طĿͶϵһʬķҲҪ١ִййǽЩ˼ʬǾΧ档
ִŭ֮þǰǰˡǰΪ޴Ĺ϶ǫȴֱס
ϴڹϳ֣ʮöЮͭǮִȥǫڼΪԼһУ¶ϣһãŹϵѺۣԭȵǹĹնһֱ
ִҽһֱ۶ϿڴһƬڹһʱ侹鷿ʬײø𾢡˾㼰ʱѨϢԶٱ֣ƺһ
ǫҲûϵִĹڰڰ֮·⴫ԵץӵЩʬȻɧˣǹ˼ڵĹûеһʱ
Ǳ˲ǫᴴһڵֱֱۣƿ˳ȥ
һƬžִʬһʱ䶼û˶˱ɧЩʬñȳз㣬׷ųֱ۶ȥ
ͬʱǫҲߵ˵ԡϵδȼִֻĹķΧСࡣǫ˿
ִŷǫһһٵ˵оɱ⣺ôң
ǫһЦָָ⣺үڳȥüûص
ִĿ߮տ⡣
ѵùתעʱܻȺʱǫϵ̨һֻͬʱקסĸ첲ǫûлͷֵ֪Ǽῡһ·ǫקţӺ󴰳鷿ŨصĹС
Ҳͬʱ鷿ǫͷպÿϻƵĹ½⣬ҹɫ
ǫһź΢΢һЦ
ࣺƶɮǺܶ㡣
ǫ·˺ı飬Цͷʦˡ
ûȺʲôͷԼģǫʣ޼ˡȻܷ⣬Ĺ⻹ʡһɡȳ䵱ʱƹ⡣
鷿֮⵽ؿ˵ǹ򣬵Ŀˡ
Ϊֻ֣ͷʬ㣬ѹһ̰طʳϵĹмֻɴζȱϵҪ׳˼֣ų˲٣̲֪㣬ǻͷ˹صĳ鷿
طһݣʳҲɾһˡ
㶼֪֪ܲǫվڷϣ۲ͷǶִ֪֪ܲ
δ䣬鷿Ȼִܳһֻ֣һֻΧץ˻ȥ鷿ھ׽һ㣬
ǫʼ磺ȡһʱһˡ
鷿еִҲޱԹޡˣֺϵоõʬ˺ֱۣʳܳΪһǽ˵ƣϾǳ׹УʮȻˤķǡ
˵ִ͹Ҫ۳ΪʱеŮǶҪҲȡǰ鷿Ϥ壬ܴһԭҲǷֻҪһйΪ֮ʳ
ԭһҪƾǼɺ޵޵˾ȴ뾹ǫҵնһֱۡĹ׽ʮֻСֲû
οѱɱ֮ʱٶй¶Щһʬɵù࣬᲻ɳͥľ磿
Ҫ֮ˣ裡
ֺݺ˼£ÿһζ׽һֻС鷿ڴǫһ£ôԣܵðѸʬԵһָܻ
ѱʳ㹻֮󣬽¶ءټЩŵʳò˶»ǿ
ߣõѡ
ǫҲȥ˿СʵҪȥĵط鷿̫Զۿȥķ򣬱֪ǫ뵽ˡ
Ҫȥء
ܳɹǸ١ʮߡѲ˹ϵԴͷҲΨһĳڡǫѾƶϳڡʮߡϵģˮйһ֮ԵŮ
˵ǫͼῶȥص·ΪϤŶԣһƬڵУҲûҲ·ĵƫƫǾ·ˡ
ԽԽŨ֮ҲЩܡ
ǫקһ¼ΰ˵ٵµơ
ֻʣһ㣬һٵȼɴʱ˽ֵС
صƣһ֮ܵƺɢȥһ㡣ȴǴʱڵĵط鷿ԶǻΧƵһʶһ㣬ڹʳִСԼԼ뼸˵Ķϡ
˵ɫ̫ÿһ˵λүǿ͡


83 뿪
ǫһЦ, ¾뻺ʡ⺬ŽһȦһȦ𵴿ѳʱǫ˽ʣɨһƬԲ
ǰĺڰΪǫĽӰ, ཹཱུ䶯/Ŀռȷʵ̫Ծ, ϧƾĽƲ
żҲˡ
֮ǰ, ῶĲݱо, ʱڽ, ɿؽŷǫĽԼͬĹ켣һն¡һʲôսһĳζһ˲侹˺һӡ
ġǫ۾⡣һ۱ϳ˷λǰȥ
μ˶˸ۣÿ߹, ɼ·
˵޸, ҲҪʱ䣬нʱ㽫ڵСʼʱߵûһ, ִ֪޸ԼĹΪҪ, ɵΧӿЩִ, ˱㲻òʼСӦԡ
ڴʱǫ͸һ´ء
ϵһƬܰݣ¹°ӨӨԣΪҡ仹һǽ֮, Ѿһ, ǰϡ˲١
ɹ־͹·ǫ, ȴֱӦԺŵĵط, Ҳһƽʯǽ
˹ˡǫ΢΢һüǽѰڡ
ӷ𡣡ͻȻһš
бһۣνǸŷǫģУǽٺϲã
ຬЦ΢΢ҡͷǼȥɮסħµһ֧ذ̷𡣡
ǫһ£Ϊһ͵ģ֪󾹻һԨԴ
ܾòϸ롣ķˮſ˵һ˰ɣ
һٵط˺ĻͣƬ̣̲סʵʲôħ磿
ܿȴ֪ȻȴǼΏش𣺡
ǲǴ˵е֮أھɲؿǫͼΰ·һ
ǫһЦ˵ʲôܰ˲ɣ
ǫ̬ȣ̫һ¡ǫΪ̫ŵĹؼǱοŵġΧ̫˵ΪȴҲбҵ˻Уŷǫ뿪дŷǫ
ôҲط
ǫǽ档ʯǽ°޷ʹ͸ʧԺţô·ȥ˵
ɲСһ̾ϢӼ˱ͬʱһֻڵĹצػ¡СڶЩצһپ
ִԺϴЦݣµ˵ڵ䣬ȴҲۿɼ޷Ƕ˻ȥͣסŲʱ°Ӷ޶ƣҲޱʬǰ졣
ִ£֣үĺȣλȵ˱Ŀͣߣȱ¡
˵ţִһǰ̤ȥ
ԭƽضʱҲŨصСɵذҲЩСС´ҲƱִϵסǽڡ
ǫȡһöССʯ·ȥ
˵꣬ȴûһ˶ǫһ£ﵱ˴ʦ֣һ˼֮⣬ûһ̫ˡ
ǲߵģʣµֶΪ˼ῶ
ǫһЦܽ˵Ǿһϰɡ
һ˵꣬㽫öʯǶһ㶪һ֣ʯƵȫǽ棬һԲ¡
۷彣޵ȫһȴֻǽһѺۣûȫƿǽ棬Ѻȴ˼ĸо΢紵ɢܵ
ǫִ֡αԭ鷿м䶯Ȼϲ٣Ŀֱָǫĺġ
ɷǫıмῡ
ִϮʯûаνԡᵲǰʹִĶһһƮһõĹ½⼸졣
ط㿴һۣ֪зŲԿƹ죬Խ˵Сൽһԣվǫԡżסʱ䣬뷽ǫһǽ棬
ŵϺŵ£ǽϵѱǴɢѳϸơ·ԽԽִĹҲԽԽ֣·ҪͻƼķߣȴһУƹˣֱȡǫĺġ
ǫоһɾ޴ķѹıһ
ǽˡ
ϢɢˣŨһ˲䣬ܵĿƺˡ

ִͣڷǫһǰλã῵Ľ̽Ĳڰ磬˿ڣٵ޲˿ڡ
ִֵΪͿˣ
ȴûִ˵ʲôֻǳ˵һͬʱ֡
˵žĵִԥһ£Ŀɵؿһ۷ǫء
֪һ磬ǿĹһҪ鹦ڴˡ
гȥЩԹǰִˣֱ治ʲôԹŸ˵ѵǰ
ǹ֮ԹһͬԴ֮Ϣܼϸ塣óŮ˵ԹѾˣԹȴüۻ롣
ִȻһ£ǸŮ֮⣬滹˭
¶һ˲ãδϸ룬ڼ῵ʱƿ֣Ҳͬʱ˽
ǫһ̲ͣرߡ
ִվһ߱ؿǣȻûи֮ת߻С
Ĺ֮ŸոճͣߵطѾǼˡƬء
ֱִʱȻʮߵı仯Ǵˮ֮ˮеԹ
޳ɹ֮鰮ѾʧִȴԽԽִͷһۣ漴㳹ջĿ⣬һ򣬳׻ٵط
ὫԼĹݣ
ۿִû׷ط㲻Ծ˿һ̫Ķǣڻûлô죿
гȥ·ǫĵָָˮ£Ŀ⻹ִıӰ
طʶءǳȥ·ͨ·
ǫƺо⼸˵ĲЦһһܵѿͨ棬ûôý
῿ǫ£ߵǫߣôˣ
롣ǫջĿܣʲôĻһ
ٴ˳ĬУ
ӷ𡣡ͷĬĬһţͬ۾
ԺӲݴҪ𲢲ѣѵڱ鲼ĹŻ𡣷ǫĿתһȦϣ漴ῡ
һ£һЦ˵ͷҡ
ǫˮ֮ĽŻһ·˸С
ǫվˮпŻ̾˿ⳡ˲ܡֳеˮ֪Ч᲻һ㣿


84 
λɮ˳˷, ˡһеܵ߳һ·, ˵޷ˡ
ʱûб仯, صͨȿһƳ⡣
˶ʶͣͣ, ֽٺҸ, ໹һ׵һ䣺ӷ𡱡
ֱ˵, ˷ǫῼöʯ, ҲǶλĶ֣¡Ҽҵ±Ͼܵ, »ǻλ鷳ʱλֱǡڳҳ˶λ顭лպʲôĵرʺ϶λģһ͵̫ȥ
ĵرѵãԴΪ˵ŵ, Ҳ󡣷ǫеǼöʯĬĬ
СڵİӶܵڵĹСƬ̣ĿͶط㣬뿴ν, طҲǵͷ, üĿء
´һʱҶĬĬ, һǰ߰ɡ
޵峿ƾҲ̫, Щʪһܵ, ɳڿ䲻Ũܹ, ڹõļ˲Լͬת˲תһС졣
еͬʱ˵αһٷ룬ȴһ½ǫ뼾Χס˽ٺǱڳʱǿֻԼԸ˵
ǫȻһЦֻ޵ңޡȴ֪޵⣬ơȥƺ޵ˣʧȴЩƽеġˡ޵ģʵЦ
ݵظԼʩһһֽţɨһ˵̣ҪҪȴһܣһǴҲطű֣
ط㼸ʶضһۡɾ֣ϣסῡɱ˴ͬע·߲ͨġ
ӷ𡣡Ĺͷڳﭹ˵ӶҲǼ죬Цŵִһ񣬡ǿûһܹʩΣ
ǫһЦʵûô鷳ǱҲҪǣҲͦǵӵģһ˳һһ
൱ʲõ˵ȻɾӦˣǱƶɮһˡ
һ䣬طֱӺὣָ࣬һαýš
ǫȤһԣҲɿ𣺡Ҳһˣ綼ȥһϢһ㣬ҼʦܰŰݷá
ῲɶ࿴˷ǫһֻۣʦ⻰ȥ͹ﵹһˮ΢΢һǣ˾ͺá
˻һ˵ղŽֵչȻըˡ
ط˵ƾʲô
ǫһЦ˵ƾ棿⻰һ˶Ĭһ¡
ǫ˵ƾҺҼʦܸոڳǵղ˭˵ĴлҸһǳԷĻᣬΪɣ
Сڱﲻסˣ벻ɾҲǸЮͼСˡ
ǫɿӵСҾͲȥˡ
Сһǵͨ죬ĳһ֣𡭡
ڶһ£ʱ˵⻰˵òе±£ԹԹʲôЮͼС۸ӲǼƽϣ԰ʳõĴôɣСĩһλ
⻰˵ĺ٣̨ʣСлĶˡ
൱ȡһ飬һ˷ǫУʩºʱпգԸŷ飬ҵƶɮ
ط˼Ƭ̣Ҳûٸ֮ǰǫҴӵԼ˵£ȡһֻֽסСֽ˼³ڷǫļϡط㿴һֽףԷǫ뼾ῶ΢΢ͷʾϣɾ˵
Ҳóݸ˷ǫ
ǫһһЦɡ뱳ʧһҹʱҲϻȥ
ˣüƺЩ⡣
ȻûСǫһֽۣЩ˸ĶӽУ⵱жǵϢٵףҲ̷֡
û취ֻҪǫڣֻҪǫ룬ûܹ߼ΰãͼ֮
οѾķǫö˶˵ػţһϢҲذ˵巻Ч
ͨһؽںȻصͷ
ȥĶһγֻΪһ˶ѣĿѾɣ뿪Ҫȥǵ֪Ҳ
̫ԭû̫ĹУ˿ȴ˻ȥ޹ء
ǫԶһ£ͷһ۲޵ķܵĻҸջϢһ£䣬̲ס̾һȥƽȡ
һ¿ǫֻӻһöƣҪл˽ǵַ֮󻹰һֱϡ
ҲûлˮĻᡣ
̲סʧЦԭѾ飬ͻȻ·תĸоȴЩȻʧ

ῺͷǫȻ˲ޡ
һ˶֪ȥƽȵ·Ȼǫһֱû˵῿óǫжԺĹҲһֱһڳ·ǰ˵ϣȷ˲ޡ
δʱ޵Ľֵ֡ɼճıʻδС
żῺСƽȷλĹ򣬷ǫųķ̲סü塣ǵҹִ̹ӣԭһȣһҲЩʬΪáĲ٣ܹҪġ
Ա򣬲޼ʱգҲΪء
ڹǫһѶ̫ź̫ΣأҲ֪ĸʱ¶棬öִֻ֮ΪС
ȴ֪ûа취Ѵ˵ذǨȥ˵޵شƫԶ˿٣ҲҲнˡа취ЩԸ뿪ܽǨȥ
ǫ뼾ʱҲ㣬֪ʲôʱᷢ񲡣
ͷ۵һѡǫĿԱߵľ¥ʳܲܿԼ
ô῱¥УȫԼΪҪʳޡ
λɳĮеһƬϣĿջ¥йɷ糾Ϣ
Ҿ¥ܣǷԵʣ¥ˡǫͼ῾ǷʵˣһͲطˣս¥ӭʳ͵Ŀ⡣
λ͹룡СһСǰһǴе֮ɻں󣬵СΪҾ¥𣬶¥᷿ĶλѮȥˣ޿λ˵Ҫλá
Сȥȴƽʱкλͬƴ£ôڡ
ڵСԥʱ¥һλɡ
ǫ̧ͷ˼ؿ˹ȥǳ죬ʱʰ
Сһ͹
ȥɡǫ˵һЦٲȥ
üٽ᷿ʱоϤϢƿŹȻһϤĹͷ


85 Լ
, ŷǫ뼾΢΢һЦ˵Ц⿴Уû뵽ɾô, 
ǫ뼾ֻһۺ, û̫̬漴ĿͣһԵһµ˵ϡµ, ߳޵˵һۿ, һƺ, ˵ϴֳï, ȴҲϡɽ
ǲ˷ǫĿ⡣µ΢΢һЦһԿŵ˳
Ķȴһˮ֮Уϡɾ͵µĴ׹, Ľӣڴ˼ҲһԵ֡Щʲô⺰Ͼǡ
ǫһϵСˣЩԶԡĥǰôҲϸ޵, ȲΪ࣬ǲҲûʲô⣬ôЩҲ֪
ƻʳģ볢һصķζ, СȻ᲻ӡ
ǫ, ȴࡢµʲôסۿһӶǫϲĲʳ, кС, ЩɫľƲʵĴлʳ, Ȼʦ·˵ر˲, ǻΪá
ȻҲûɱаʦʳɣһ˽ˣȸ˾ˡ
᷿ڣǫԡǰһֲ裬˺һۣǲʵҲЩ飬˵ҲǴӵµ˵͡
Ͼһ㶡΢΢ۣζɾ
ǫղŵĻ˵ǶԺ˵ģʵҪ̽ĶϡϾǴӵˣطӦûһ״ϷŶԡȻǫշöֱĳ˱æҧ˶
һԼȳԼƺ˵©ˡţǫ˵޳ǶڶӿڵԺţ
϶˶١޵֮뿪ɽѰһŵģסýơҲڼΪ㹻͵и뷽ǫĽʱȴͻȻǫԼס˵ϸɾֶԶ֮⡣
ǫ˫ӣǺЦϡ
ϳһ£ЦɾȷʵΪ¡
˵һ룬ͻȻҡҡͷҪɾ»ǿϲΪá
һ£תͷһϣȴֻһ·û˵
ҲӴӵǳɾʾ⡣ŷǫҾҽܣϣʦͬΪµſ͡
ŷЦǴޣΪ뾩һˡ
ǫʶġ
Ż̶һ̫죬һʮӣ¶һűòҰ׵С̸ֹׯ壬ĻǸĪ˵ѰͯҲƲǫ̫ںЩҲгϳ޹
һ¡ʱѾȴʰҪöࡣ
ǫתתв豭ԻʼҵǷǷǲ̫ȤöЩͷʱת˰Σžƺ᷿أԼҴʦֵüͷҲ΢΢ġ
ῲδԣڷǫߣͬʱΪǫһơ
ǫʱʳѾ࣬ῶΪˣǫʳָ˶һڡԼǴ˵طԵʣ޵ľƺңһ·ˬ˲١
ǫǰ̸뼾ô˵һ飬Ϲۡ뼾һҲƵĿ⣬ֱ˵ǫһõСƲ˰Ǵ·ϳԣ
ǫЦˣּͦңҪǽϱصǸǮִŵˡ
ῼǫüͷչüҲŤͷԺЦһȥģʦڻҪұһͬؾ
ǫȼ˵꣬һǾɣ֮ĳʱ޳ĳͤɢ
Щ⡣ҲûϵǴӦˬ죺ºɾԸҼӵ֣
֣õȼ˵ҡҡͷҶ֮αؾһʱĳŵ
ǡôʱСкţǫžƺվĵСļ򣺡鷳æ
Сһãؽ¶ȥ
Ͽŷǫ뼾ῶȥ⣬˵вղûжԶǿɾɾٶһ𣿡
ˣõʱ䡣ǫЦЦžƺ̤᷿Ȼظ˳
ƶɮʱ͹λʩˡ
ǫź˻ξƺûлش
˾ƹݣִ֣ߺȽ𷽲徻᷿Уø÷ǫһЩ뼾ƳֿиЩ׵ˣ֧Ÿдź̯̫»˯
ǫǰǮҲʣӴһƬҶӣϰ壬һ±īֽš
ȲΪ͵صŽҶӾɲż뷽ǫ˼ҳˣⱲԵֵüһƬ㹻ٸ̯ӵĽҶ
ɿȷǷôҲƭѪģֻΪֽʣȡһǫ̃ĥλӣ绹Ϊ˴ʣǣҲǱѧ䷶ġ
ǫҡҡͷȻټ֣˫ֽʵ˹ȥֵһϺõֽ
ǫӹֽʣȴȽֽϷ¡ȡطǧֽףպʱſڼ󣬱˿һĿ⽫ֽ׷ŷ˳ȥ
Χọ̈̄һʱԶԣ㽫һԼպ󣿡
кβɣҶҲϤ·ϴ鲻įǫһЦֽֽչƽд˼֣ݸϰ壺鷳ϰ彫ݳдǧϣڴȥ
ϰ岻ҵ˫ֽֽšдǧ£Ķ˶ԲСһ׮ҲѲٱīԶԶȲ÷ǫݸԼĽҶӵļֵ
ۿ˵۾ʼŹ⣬һ׼鷨ģǫЦЦ±żת߻س֣߰ɣȥµıײ˶ڹС
ϰһ飬չǫµ׼дȴһȷдݣŵһ˵ϡ

ʦָʲôǺٴУһλ˼ῴ·ֱһȥͬʱЦŷǫûдǸϰı顣
ǫĵ˵ûʲôһ֮޻һδĵض
Ҳһ£Цõ˵ʦ־ò޵˻𣿼ˣʱضûзǻصޡ
˭˵ᷢģŵĻֻҪȶһҲˡǫü漴ȴҲ̾˿ֻǿϧһƬޡ
һ¿ǫ
Ҹֽ׳ʱ䷢һЩöûڲޣ
üЩ⡣
ǫһǣʱأȥƽȡ
ƽȵķֻǵշλҹȥʱɳĮζ˸ۣڴ˷һص󷨡
ѹ֮ǰǲһɳĮʧ˷


86 Ȩ
һ, 뷽ǫ֪ʲôԵɵһֱҲƽ, ν, Ҳֻһ¡
һĨ顣
ߺˣȻҲ, ̱߳һڶ, 뷽ǫΧס, ȴ׼Ҫ˾͵ظɱһ㡣
ǫҲϻֱӽ˳үˡ
˼˶һ, ȴûʵȻүˣΪγֽƻ󷨣
ǫػش³ûü
˿ǫ뼾Ϊ֮ǳ, ɹƾһǿõһ£֪ǵľԼܱȡȻһ֮£ǫ뼾ûֱӶ֣ó˳ƣ˵, ǵ֡
һÿλãȻ༸˷׷Ϊóһ·
ǫ뼾ǰǽǫ뼾ڵСÿ˶, ָֻ, ̸
῵Ŀǵƿ, 󰲾ظڷǫ
ƽȳȥǫ뼾Ƶ۷, ڲǶ˼󷨡ҲǼ뷽ǫ, ¶档ֻѰ·, 󷨣ǿܻҪٹ۲һԷ⡣
ÿһ󷨣뷽ǫľͶһ㡪ƽأȻҲִ¡˵ûϵһɢүΪЧͣɾͼĿǰԴ뷽ǫ̬ȿҲִ֪ǹ֮Ϣ
˴һ󷨣پ˰ɳ˫˲١һޣмһ̵ĳдСԳΪģӪ룬ӿȥܼű׵ĽʿӪ֮䴩Ѳߡ
лʿʱĽ졣
һֱͬŶ˵ߣҲǰǰ㽫ǿǰˣҲ֪˵ǧ֮ͨܣҲ
һ˵ҪԽ֮ͨǰ뿪ǫ뼾ٸǰվ﹧š
߽ǫ뼾ῴһӪʣһǫó뾻̫ѨƣϢƾжȣض۷壬ֻһ߱ɵڵľ硣
ǽż뷽ǫĿɭ䣬ɱ֮үкηԸ
ǫһƣûʲô־Ӫѡ
⻰һһƬž
ͻȻεֱָǫĿǫ῱ý˽ĵ档˶ʯһԵҲ׷װγУֻڷǫƵͻȻƣһʱ֪˭һ֡
뼾ῶݽ֣ʱɫ԰ף֪δ飬Ī˵еϿҲҪɥüضŶˣλǺˣ
ῴݵսʣֻῡ
ǫƵظһλʦ֡
ڱɫһ˵ֲð棬ǱضǼῡ
ȻƽͳˣȻִеţִ֪ԼῶЩ˼ֻǶԶ˴ѶϢȴ档
Ƭ̣ȭ㣺ĩӣ¡
˵Ҳ˻شһЦ˵Ե£Ҫֳ
кβɣ
ӵ˵ͷֳ־Ȼ޲ɡĩΪλס
ǫ֪ǴʱסԼͼΰȥϵλԶϵϵִһЦ˵Ȳüһǽֳ׼պϽཫȥһ˲޳ʮĵطڻоϲ
ǫĵһ佯ӲΪ⣬ǵڶһ˿ȤǺξϲ
ݽߣȴԣǫһЦ˵һʼҲЩɻ󣬺ǡ÷һ
ڲոյĴݣȻʵ˵ʲô
ûһڲ޵·
ʵ˵׼ȷƬʯǿͨʯγɵСͨΧ
ϴʶϣزԹܵˮжشųӰ죬еһֱûй
ӵЩɬΪûܹܾʯջ󣬸οΪٽͻƵߣɾ˼ǡ
ȥɽ·Զ֪Ƿлһ졣ǫ˵ŵֿһ棺ȻΪãԲԣ
ⲽأǰүȷʵȡùϵ׼ʱ뾩Ҳȴᵽῡ
ִ˵ò̫ϸɽ̫˽ԼλүңʵȨλ֮ʣνȨͬȨִΪȡżΰҲȻὫȨȫȨοֻǴһͣ鶼ޡ
үĬε֪˴λǾǴӺζģ
ԥãͻȻԶЦ³üȨȴү飬ϸүӡĩŲλֻ˵ǾУҲ³СΪϡ
֮䣬ǫͼڶУʵǡš֡϶ȻųһССӪڶʱӯѹ£Ųһ
ӱϾֻ۷壬£˵һ֡һڵʿŭʲô˼
ῶʱϢֱ˵˵ǲǲҾ֤һҵݡ
תͷ亹乵ĽӼ˵ҿó˵󷨱ӣ㲼ӪʵķλλȴܷܽӽʿɳĮеսʱ׼Ӧ䡣˵Ҳ뱾죬Ǿг
ӳã˵ʲô
ֻĬˣȻǾгұ㵱ƽԭսҲһ֣ϾűɳսʵҲִ֪ȥʲô֣ӽȰ㻹ǲҪٶĹΪá
ƺǴӼ῵ĿִݣӰһɫȴȻúܽұΪȷʵλҲͶλҵǹƥֱƽȵĵɫҪټ˵ȥֻƴһȫұ塣
нСִǫ֪Ϊʲôе᣺үѪ˵ȴǹ֮˵ǻţҲûȥˡɸôô죿ҳʿĸι¾ƣǵҲ˱īµһ׮̸ˡ
ǫͣ˰ΣɫҰףһЦ˵ôʲôүɱˣҲӸԼ󻼡
Ųһ䣺⵱ԵɸӣȷʵǶ֡ҲߣӦ֪ͣǹĿǣǱҲӦ⣬ǲ޿ڿɱһ˵£ǿΪ
ӵıɶҲ֪ʱһ
ǫһӣټһ룺Ҳȷʵһ㣬Ǿд󽫣ȥǲѡʿز̽һ̽ǷԷ顣ֻȥܲ뿪Ҳ֤
һ˽սڵļдʱӪʡƣȷɡֻү֪֮
˵ţǰΪڣίºλɾ˴һоĩԣĩԵ


87 ڿ
ǫ뼾῵סܿ㰲, Ӿʵĵλá⿴ȥ, ˾ʻǾ, ⶼڸʵ޷ԡ
㷽ǫͨñ֮, Ҳ֪˾Ϊƶ, һ, Կ½ʿǵ鷳ڷǫ뼾῿, ˾Ϊ׷Ļһʵ֮ʣʱʿǿԼҪһҡ
˵뽯ǴʱЭ飬δö֮ǰ, Ҳѱʲô
ɱ𣬷ǼؾῲæȡЩдķˣһһڷǫǰ, ԼҲԱʦǴڿɵض
ǫſӵ˵ͷֻʱ䣬ھﳤȥҲʲôľٶҲ޷ֿ󹤣ֻھһ, ν, Ҳضþ, ϡɢʱСֽ, ضض
˵, ̮Ҳ޷ı޵ĵ, ֻӰ쵽޵һֵ
ҲʲôֻҪЩףܰѰųȥСǫ͵˵ʵһƻܷɹûеס˵ףʱִ١ڽڵĿֻ󻯣պ󣬵ضǼ٣Ͷزסˡ
ǫţһüͷ΢΢һţУȴǰһɨƽеĲ졣طţûаζھǫҲ룬ֱµڶӣһȴι˼ߡ
῱ҲüǫеĳǣҲ˼ضһ¡ȴͻȻߵĴһһ֮ţ㱻ǫԼС
òóԵΣ۵ضԼ촽ĿӡʦҲ
ǫջ󣬲Ծҧһ¼˵̫ԶһըˣеȻй˲ִĸҲҵ鷳ֻϣʱǸİնǨߣΪˡţôô죿
῿һǿԼƿĿ⣬ͬʱת˻⣺ǺЩԼ֮󣬻ҪȽ̽ʯʱǷü
üǫЦһ£õģλͻɹˡ
Ϊ۳£ڱصá

ΏȷǫͨȨ֮˵ҪԼ֮ǰߵ̰ǫ˽Զڼ֮ϡ緽ǫϣԼһʱɫмʿǰˣֹʮ㹧
ǫ뼾׼̸˳ȥȴСʿֹؿһۼΰ˼῵Ļվûж˵ʲô
ƽ޾˵ԶҲʱȣΪ󲻱оٶֻۣǧʱһɫװвأһҲ󹤾ߣҲЩлˡ
ӿһ۸ڷǫļΰɫԴһ˿ԥüῴ·ϣλھĶҲҪȥ
ɽӼסΰͷֻһ롣Էǫ뼾ЦЦתͷ˶ǣһƥ͵ԡһ׼׵ӷ̧
ʿǲһԣЩսǣɱ
ǫͼףֱǰ·
ǧʿﲢǶߣоٶٿҲȲأͨڸʱɫѾ׺
;нյ˷ɸ봫飬ȥ̽ϢߴϢ
ǫûϵݣǵƾӱ˵ɫжϣдȻͳء
ӿź֮󣬺ܿڸסеЩŭҲЩʧ
Ƭ̣˫һ˼ԡ˲Уӽеż˹ȥ£ĩȥѻ˻ϢȫޣظģҲо硣˿¶׶༪ˡ
´ӹżɨһ۱תǸ˷ǫⱾ֮Сǲ֪ͽǼ߶ǸʲôΪʱǲǶִһս
ɬĵʱҲἥЦһүѧе躹ޣȴһЩֵֹĵط¶۽粻ˡ
ִϾľִ³ЩͻߴǰеˣãʱҾɰס¼Ȼƣȫƾ
תͷ˽һۣ˵պͽˡ
Ƿڵ¡ӵ˵ͷŲŻϢȥ
ҪͶԼĹȻǲ̫ܣʵĸ췴ĵӣԼҲ˽ġɼ̸䲻˼ȣպδزĳ¡
ǫ˵̸ͬʱһĿʮеؿݡڳʿϢδȥһǩѪѪѶϣȥ˰˳Ѿˡ
΢΢һ̾źö֮ش˵ԣ
šƽִֻûкõѡ񡣡
ǫתͷ˼һۣ̲סһ촽ĺĳˡ漴ǰͻȻͣ
Ѿܿĳڣˣ
ӽŽɵͣܣһƬɳΪܲй
ӵɫЩڲһٶ꣬ɴδ˵г͵ֻΪʮ꣬һֱδͻƣ⼱Щټϼ῵ݰǣʶǿԡ
񡭡
Ϊλδ̽˵Ҳ쳣ʶĳǹ
ӵĶȻǫ۾ڽ͵ضǣطų⣬ойҲ
漴ߵԶһ㣬뽣̵ֱɳ֮¡
֮£㻹Щ룬ЩҲܾȴѾļƽЩѾܹܵһ˹վ˷ǫߣ˷ܣôȴɽɾЩʯη䣿
ǫлдǺдļƷʯƷʯǺ⣬Щʯ򡱾ӵģЦЦؿ˽һۣȻǶھС
ؿ˷ǫһۣĩ
˵תߵǰýʿھʯ漴ߵǰලǡ
ǫȼһشȻȥʲôüලģ
῿ŷǫǣ˵պǻȥ
ɫ΢֣ͻƵڡ𵤴أһձǶ꣬»ⳡʢ硣
֮ȭ˵ĩ

ʱУȥʱҪĶ࣬һʱػصӪС
ЩϢ뾩һ̸ϸصӪ֮󣬽ӷֱ𽫷ǫͼͻصԱõӪʵУ漴ҴҵظῸ
˵֮󣬲زһ䣺׼ʱѸ汾־Ӫһ£
ӼȻѾ˴㣬ԴҲûкһ磬ĩԵѸȫ
῵뿪֮󣬱ǫӪʣδ߽һˮ
Ķһ٣͸ֽԿģӰ̤ľͰС
֪ԼӦߵģ˫ȴεضԭأһ޷ƶӰˮеˡ
û˶ȴûʶ˷ÿ͡
˭棿


88 ԡ
ǫڻصӪĵһʱ, פСʿҪһͰˮȻ, ûˮеʵУܾȱ˵ʲô
ʵῸߵʱǫѾ˶ѽһľͰˮȵ¶, ڵ, Ҳ²ʮ֮ӦǼῡֱˮ
ֱͷҲߵ΢΢ʪ, ˽ǫЩɻ⡣
ˮ춯γ, ɵؿ˵ҡ
֮С
ǫ˶ڱ֮, ֱÿˮֱ˯ȥԼ, Ǿ͸ضˣɡ
῾˺ֹ, ڷǫһγǰ˽ȥɳظ, Ӫȴʪůһ紺աȴڼ῵, ǫͰϵ޳۰򣬰Ƥʱ˼῵С
ǵһοʦˮģԡȴǵһμ
īɫĳɢƮˮϣմˮ˳Űջһ·¡
ĵطľͰ, ڵľ㿴, ǰһ㡣
վſ, һҶ
ǫԭˮͦģ֪߶˸ΰСһֱĪԼҲЩȻɵſֻ̲סЦվ﷢ʲôλ˵ʲô𣿡
ûСһڲŷԼжɳƣǹɻһֱǿѹĿڣȴѾ˺ڿڶѡ
ǫ쳣һ׼ˮ῵һֱֻ㰴סļ
ϻĴмļĻһһȴٳٵûнջһýˣ͸ˮܿǰӣ
῵Ķ֪غˣĿƬ̣ȴûƿ
Щˣˡ£Ŀɽ󶼻ģ
ԼѾļϣʲôǰȴȰ˶Է
ˣǫʧЦڼǰ˻Σǡ
س˵ƿ֣ľͰǰʦֻǲǵȴ˼ˡлҪ˵
æô죬ǫ˵Ļɡִľˣ̹кβףʱȴͻȻñŤ
ǫһΰ˵ת
ῶһתˮϤϤĴ῵ͷȴԾ𻡶ȡ
ˡ
תͷպÿǫľ֦˳Ŀ΢ɫжһա
Ǹľġ
ҧ촽ȴ漴һЦһΣΡ
ľͰеˮγɫۿû˵ǫҲЩ޷ʴӡ
ĸ̥ӣû˽̹ôӦԵµ
㡣
ͬʱĬͬһʱ俪ڣ漴
ǫ̲סЦһ˸ոյǵΡ˵ɣʲô£
һμȻôȥǰƽǫѹúܵͣǴڷǫߣл˵ʦҡ
ǫʶˣӣۿ޿ˡ
Сġ῿סǫײӡ
ǫһ֮ʶһ֣һСĴ˴ߵ򡭡

һ󣬷ǫͼվεؿպ˰ķӡ
֮ǰ򷭵ȼ˺ֻֽҪһܹĻ棬ǫ֮ʶ뵽ľͰеˮȴһͷײ˼Ώ
῵Ǽǵڷǫ뻳һҲ˷ִ磬һԭոȼĻһ˲˳
ʱֹסⷿҲû취סˡǫԡմ·µҲ忾˶ɸɵġմͷĳҡȽϿ졣
뿪ӣʿ޺еˮΪӪ𡣶˻ͷΡ
һ̲ס̾˿ϧոչһ㶼ʣˡ
ι󣬸ɴʿͰеˮۺϵһһĽ˻ϣֱϨ˻档
ȻˣӪȻû취סˡ
ԭĸ뾩һ£ϢҴҸĿɿڴĿŻջٵķӣȫ޷ڵˣԼӸ˵ģ⡭
ҲЩΣܴݣûʲôСĵȼˣҹҺʦסһǡ
ǫ΢üʶҪܾ˼῵Ŀ⣬ջѡ˳Ĭ
һͷˮӪмʿѲߣԳԣ޿˴Ļ֡ǰ뷽ǫɫŹ֣ôӶô±Ρ
ȨƬ̣ۼӪĻȻõƣҲδӪ㰴סԼĺġ
ڼῺͷǫסһ¡Լ˵ˣǽӸûǫⰲס
ټϴʱʣ¶ʱ򣬽ӱûٶʲô
ǫżΏص䣬һ·ԥ˵ǡ
˰Ԥ裬Ҳ˱̸׼ȴû뵽ֻƽƽ˵һ䣺ʦϢ
ȻȷǫһãϴƣǵԼʦһֱаճʳ޵ϰߡ
ҹУǫȫûа˯⣬۾Ŵ߻Լһ˵ĺ
֪ΪʲôԭƽȵͻȻĺܿ졣
Ҳʼ·һ˵ϢͰԼΧ
ʲôءС
ǫ̾˿ǽķǿԼ۾
һߣڷǫʱԴ۾ĿƵضŷǫıӰ
ԭҲôͻ˵ЩֻһĶѡ

ʱ͵۾ȿһ۴齵ķ򣬼û˿
һ˲һȻ˷ǰֱ˷š
һὫʿָȭ׼ţ״˵㾪š׼˵ͼῳš
漴ʿ㷢ԼˣʱѾ뼾῵ķаԶ
Һ£
Сؿ˿棬ʶ˵㵥
˵껹ȼΏӦԼȱˡ
üӪĽʿԼĿǽʲô
ȻЩ֮⣬δһһѰ˼ͷӦã·ɡ
ҡСոѾʶ˼῵ʵԻæ˻Ҫͣͷɥǰ·
ῸƽزģǴҲᶯ
СԽŲһ£ͷΰ˵Ͻ½Ҫӹֵܳܶܲԡ£˶ֶ࣬Ǿþɳϱ㲻»Կ
῵˵ͷȴûж˵ʲôǰܿУ
һģУоΧˡ
ֻһۣСʿڣֱԾУСָ֣·ˣҲ˭
УһʱһƬžκһ߽ĳߡ׳Խڶһ˳صУһط۳ӣ
ĶԱ£ῼֱ
漴Ҳῴ𸴣ųΰһɽӣӰһֱ̨ϣѿһ϶
һɣ˿ٴնῡֻ·һƬк
ɫ䣬ִֻͷβû


89 
̾Ϣһ, ̧ȱɨ׺ӵ̡׺Ǹ⹦ĸӲӣһ, ȴɨӶһᡣСɽһȻ
ʧ棬׺һʱǵͨ, ۿ䵭һ֮ɣ
һֱֻ, ȴҪ׺ǺԥƬ̣վҼˡ
ԭǲ˵, ɼ׺˫ĿǳƬ̣á
׺Щźػص֮С似ڳнΪʤĿ, , Ѱ˶Ķ֡ԭͻȻð˵ҪӹȫĻӵϸ֮, ²֪ԷȷʵЩ湦
׺ӶԴ˵֪˿üῲûҪʱУ, αһһøɾ䡣
, Ҳó῾ֻƾܿʤʿֻжԼȻԹ˵һʱûУ, ı, δ
һʼճĬľͻȻګګ, ԡ
һ, еǾ˳ڣ׷׼ͽк⾻ȻòˣʵȴҲΪڳУ似μһˡ
УؾصضԼһϳ˵ǲ벻˵Թã῵ʼף˵ı֮ġϳҲδȶ֣ȹ۲켾῵̬ͬʱһ֧ǹǹ΢΢
ˡ
ǹһ㣬ǣ˼῵ؿڡ

ǫУʱ͡
λ볡زǰ
ǫϣҲ֪ĶҶеķˮʵ뿪ʱѾˣֻһֱƶ
ôʱıѵпԴĿյƣ˵ֻǺ֪һЩѹ
Ǳűľ£ȴǿЩȴҲûа취ˡ
ܹ̫ţǰ̫š
УϴǰͷֻܶȲʣЩӦĽʿо俴ֵкû
ôҲǹֹġ
ǫҺݴһȥָ֭ǰһΧĸ߸Ὣʿļ磺Сֵܣôˣ
СʿһͷǫŷĿʮ꣬ޣһ죬ɤ÷ǫһ֣һʱˣһǵһμܲսһսܣǽϰĳǹ
ǫɷнµسŶһǰС̽ͷ̽Եģῴ˾Ӧշ˲˵ġǰ˵ֱʵİӶԼóϷ
ֻ˵ЩеĸǣȻδ壬˴ǵĽ׶Ρ֧ƺƵĳޱˣǫиЩ
ǫСʿСʿãͻȻ˷ǫ˼æذֿȺǫǰȥԼҲ˼ǰߣٹںͷ̽ˡ
Ϊд󽫣Уһʱ۾ŵĳмΰǫϵǰδ֡У֮УῲűУȴ˫ֽԳжڵʿδתȫƾʽеɾʿ
ǫһᡣ˵ûñУһָ߸˫ָõǰԼڵĽС䲻Ͼ𵤾Բ֮࣬ټȻҲһʱĳսƣ·硣
뵽ǫƤͻȻһԼǲħˣôСĶãô
ħ鷳ɾʹˡתߣӡ
֮佯ӶУ֮ȫעָᵯڻԼ뼾῵лι⾰һʿ̫Ѩ߸߹һ¶Ȼһλ˽ڡͬҲԾԾԡ
ǫüǴҪüһˡ
Ȼһ˱ȭ˵ָ̡
Ὼ˫ۣһ˵ʿȻĶ֣ҪҲǸ鷳
ֻǷȥܱ߽ʿϻٶ¶Щͬῶһ£֪ԼӦսƬıӮһ롣˵ͷá
ʿ̤һŵ棬ײУ֮Уսã±㲻ñУҲʹ˱Բ㹫ƽ
ȻʿΪηԼƣȻԷ˿һսࡣʿμ죬ɼһתͨӰֻȽʿ졣
ʿͷһ˫ȭƳǰսУῶԾʽȴһʱץ׼˽ʿеķ϶һƴʿ۰ֱ֮һڽʿϡ
ʿپ˫һڣ˫ֲսȴҲо֮е޴Ǳȳ˸Ϊʵʱʱǰײȥ῾ʿһ£Щͷۻ
ѹһײѪζüͷһ塣ʿ̳ʤ׷˫ָֺܿٴغ῵档һưסʿͬʱһ̽׾ٵ˽ʿڡ
ʿֻڷɽһ㣬ڽӵ䣬ǿжüͷһ壺ɡ
л¹ġʿǿڲʣҪսֻһսȻζɴж֫ؽڡ
һָɴ䣬ĽʿƬ̣ʱһ󻶺Ӫֵطǿг֮顣
վסˣһָУڼῶ档
ĩҲָ̡
˲һ˵Ŀʶ˹ȥκŴһƬк
ΪȻΰȴɳгϽ󿪴ϣһ򵱹ĪټϼѾսڣһô
ȼӦսһУҪ棬籾Σ
תͷ˹ȥպöϷǫЦЦüۡ
ǫ˵һ֦ƮƮڳصУЦӣУҲȡ
һԥǫһ°Ȼģ˵̨¡
һ۾ȻļƻڣҲ̽һµ׶ãֱɡ
ӹʹǹ˵㽫гǹɨ˳ȥǫ˵оУ⽯ӵǰûг֣ƾ˿
ֱӵУǹֱǫĺġǫŻ֣֦ڽӵϡ
һУȴһ飬Щòסǹ
΢֪ǰ˵Ķ֣ȫȴа¶ӡǹһٴδ˹ȥһطǫȴιһ㣬һһصĴ
˵㵽Ϊֹƽָգȫ˽ӵ档
ɫȭ˵лɾͽ̣롣ⳡĳս
Ӫ·ϣἰһѾΪĩ׼ϯͬʱҲڽʿ͵Ϥһ¡
΢΢üϲЩ飬ЩҪϰߡ漴ͷӦһá
ھĿǰ˳вǧƷʯձԽǺӪصӪУչͼָ·ߡ뾩·У߹ٵ·ΪΣʺϮ뾩ǡ
ǫĵش˽ӵĻã߹ٵУ֪֪˶֪
ͣһ£Ŀ⿴ΰûκαʾųɵʵ׼ֱ壿
ǡῶһ£͵뾩Ӧˡ
⻰е̸ȥˣͷ۵üģһλԼѡ
ǿԱ·῿ӵĳɣ˵һ߹·һټҰͬʱҲʵ
һ£üͷûɿƺ˾ᡣ
ڵʲôǫЦһɸ߹ٵεҰ
İȻϽӵ⣬ȻԸüԼıǰճ˵ԼǧԼһ·Ƚʵ
ضǡ῵ͷоͼʱ̫̣Ҳûаմñ
˿Ӧ˵ĩ


90 ҹ
ڽ˵, ǫʵû;˳
ȼῺͽֽ, Ѱʱ򣬾ͼ޵ĺ, ǫٲȻСʿǴһƬļơЩСͶƽȵչɳºڣһ, °ķǫɵһ㣬ڱ̵ĺˮԵøۡ
ЩӵϢʱ, ЩС˰ˮеһҾƣˮ㵸, ȻѾˡ
ǫصںߵһԡҾƹ಻, ҲһЦеСʿǽɳɳеĵѪӰ, ѪȴЩʻ꣬Ͷδʵ
ʱպûƻ, ʣµİֺսȾһĨϼ⡣Ĳ棬ʱһھ, Ӧһĺã̬ȿʮõ͡
῿Щ, ֱǫ޿κεתͷ˹ˣ
῵˵ͷ, ǰ֣ϯ쿪ʼˡ
ǫȻȻشס˼῵, ˳վ, кһȺСʿ߰ɣǽͣǻط
ǼСʿʱһֻǵŽ򲻸ܻǵȻȥѾƣٻɾ·һȺСᣬżߡ
ǫ뼾῱㾲ظǺ档
ӪʱѶղƣϸǴȫȻҲǽԹʿֶ֮һǰУսΰЩὫʿǽѵпգز
ʱͷսһ·ȥҲЩ伮νġ͡ķ
޷ˣսĵִǰĹĸҲмֽƣֻǸӴϼ򵥣ûô฽ӹŵŶˣǰǳҲǸߵͲ룬Էֱɣʤ峺·ʹŽꡣ
սףʸ׹
սؾһΣļԾȻҪЩСʿǳĺȴȲǵļ
ЩСʿִ˽ӺСѵ󲿷ʵδϹսǶɳ֪ԴϱͷഫһЩС
¶ʱһңս¡ʱҲ֪ǷڣǷܱĺ

ӵļ򵥣Ӫصм𣬴õڻϣˢˮͷۣܿ쿾ɫ
ⱻķͳһ㣬һصΪӵڳƽ̨ƽ̨һԣֻټľͰѾ˷⣬̻ŨҾζʿֳִ룬ơ
д磬νĹرֻв顣Щ˴˾ƣҸط͵£ɢɢƽ̨Χ˼Ȧ
Ὸһ֣ͱ뵽λϡǫԭһĵطĺȾƵģȴץסֱֱۣλԱߡ
ӶԴû顣Ҳ㿴ˣֻϾ⣬Եʲô£ȫǷǫֻǶ࿴˷ǫһۣ˾Ƴżΰ£ֵ˵ɣ
ûƴǣžվʿһǼΰ֮ͽ̡
˵Ļɾ࣬һͷһơ
Ҳϵĳս׽ʿӡ˵ɣȴֻأ׷׸Լеľơ
ȻȻؽӹ˻ͷһ˵¶֪ӣû˲֪ˡⱭƾү˵Žϡ
үǧʿͬʱ˵꣬оڵϡ
ӵƣָԼһͷȸɣ漴˴ߵľգֵһž˵ǵ£ҲΨһˡҳΪ𣬵±ѡ֮ˡһƣҾ¡ӽҵͬ衢ˣ
£ͬ衢ˣ
һͬһƣ漴˵ҹƣҹú档
仰˵꣬ճױȼ
Ƭ⣬ľơȸ˵Ľʿǣһʼ֣ȭġ߸ġģֳһƬ
Ҫżΰû³ֻһûһغͼ´ܳеĽʿ۵Сӽ䣬ɰٲԱߵһҾıʿ
ǫ˼ۣԭżȥ档С̴Сһʳ˼̻ģ½ԴΨѵĸо
ôûôᣬֻΪ󲿷ֵʱնµ¶ȹˣʣµʱԼš
ʵ˵˾ǣһ
˰ʱͣļ
ǫغһھƣڽӽ꽫ʿֿʼ桢̽ϸʱ¾룬ֱ˼ΰǸһ¡
ӲԵͣ»ͷ˳ǫʿС
ǸȾƵǼˣǰȶˣżûнŸУٿӹɫЩִ١
ǫֶ֮ƮƮȻʲôһһֻ۾Ҳûʲô𣬶ǳúÿ㡣
ǫὫǰһơ⧲ǵı۰СЩСʿкűҪͼΏȭһ֮£ּⶼᡣС˲Ҳʲô֪ˣһڼߣλȭ
ٹɱЩֻԼСϼ˲סͷһξͷƤ飬ٴСͷȥȴǫԼ΢΢һЦҲߣٲȻһҪսֵģ῾Լ亹Ҫˡ
سıµ˵ҹѵʣαظ˼һ̨ϣ
ǫݽ˼Сͣãʦ֣㻹ǵ𣿡
ǫһʱ䲻⣬ٴҲʦ֡
ţʦ֡
֪ǷǫܾüʦֻлۿСʿѧ˻ȭĹأǫЦ
ѵû֣ͬһΧΧ˽ʿս衣
ӵƴʱҡ˽ߣãΣ
ӵĿһֱڼϣʱ̾һ˵츳˳ұΪԴǣʱٿǺܻ£ġ
⵹޷Цһ£޺
ӲԵؿơ
ƺЦ͵ҪֻһܣȻɵһ㣬ͽʿиһЩȽϺáǡ
ƵĻһ룬ҲƳ룬Ա˲ϴ˴ܣʱңиǽл𡣵ֻͨˮ¸һ義ͱˡҾƣܽյĸ͡ҡ
йǣǡ
ҾƲܿأУˡ³ɣǴ֮ǽƿءɡ
ҡҡͷĻû˵
ȰҳԷЦãԣϣûѡˡ
Цԡ


91 ʶ
ҹ絽ʱųɢƲ, ˵ǫЩҾˮ𣬴˿ȴҲȾһĨ죬Ĩ֬
ʱһգҲΪǫӪһμû飬ǸŽӰŵʿһ·ǫͻµӪҲϸ·ɵȼ׼뿪ʱ, ȴǫקס󣺡һ, һпҪ
ῲ, Ǹŷǫӡ
һӺȻŵʦ֡
ǫӦһ˵ɡ
Էű˿ƾŵ˽, Ƚſڣ漴ŷǫһ񣺡ʦֶδ, 
漴ΰͬȭ˵¡
˵ǫӦ֮, ڸ´ܵλճϵİͽ, ʮǰճϳһ, ҳߵڣҲ֪Ϊʲô˳С
һΣʦ֣ҲҪӵģҪҪܵôֱף
ǫЦЦôֱ׷˵Ĵ, ҪȢ˼С, Ժͳֲϣ
Ƽֱͷ, æٴδ˷ǫĻ˫ֺʮģʦ֣ʦǰôӡ
ǫһۣˣƶ죬ʱ仹ճϻظϢꡣ
ʶһ¼򣺡Ǳ˰ɣͷҪǷҵ٣ܰһˡ
һԳĬ˵һһأóദѾã֮ԵɸĬ
ڼΪ˻ʱǫĿͻȻԼˣ£ӦѾʶˡ
Ƶ˵ͷѾã῵£֮ȴһ֮ض˵˵ʱͣһ£ȻҸǲŵģС˵ôд
ǫ̲סЩЦǰˡɲС˵
˽ƣճͽ̫ţ̫Ĵʦֿܾˡ
ƺпϵ˵⵹ᣬҲ˼ʦ֡ϾҲŸոʦ㶼
ƶǰҲ˵ǫչ֮¡ЩҲٽڵʿΪǫΪӦеġȻϸʱŷַǫϢȺʿҪӯȻ绹Ҫ߳ࡣ
뵽ΪߵĽʿҲ˵͸ǫΪƶ˶٣۷ˣ
ǫ˵ͷ
ƶʱһʦѾԪӤˣҲδ̫ףΪʦֵˣҲǱ˦̫Զһ㡣
˭֪ǫתͷͶԼ´ܵʦָޣҲóԵãŶݼ׺ͷʲôģȴһͨ
ƺЦߴգûСʦҪĻʦֿԴ͡
˵ͱǫק˻̻ʦܡ
ôǽ̻ҿѧ㡣һ޹ֻ˵ȴаѧ㣬ġ
һһͣóĬῲЩۡοһ˵ʦ֡
ԷǫʦܣɶżΰΪԶѷǰ֮ˣʦֵĵ⾢Ա˫һУ꣺СʦܲؿӽҾ빲ˡСʦճҪΪ¡
˵ɫͻȻ;Уһÿҹҵ£̵о󣬺ʹ֮

ƹʱʹ˻ܵ˲ᷢ٣Ҳ̫ãⱻе߷֣պӪ࣬ҲӪ氲ȫĶࡣ
ڶݵĽƺͼ῱һͬ뿪˷ǫڵӪ
῾ŵ࣬ҹʿǶ˵ԵʣӪԵøİʦǺʱʦȡõϵ
ǹĵһ죬Ҿ͵õϢ˵Цһ£Ͼͦ䶯ġʱ档
Ȼͽڶ뾩ϢʱǫǶʱ䡣
쵽῵ӪʱͻȻ˵£²ѰѾ׼𣿡
ῳĬˣ뿪̫ĿֻҵǸ˶ѡǰƵŵĿֻΪ˸
ٵôҪ
ʹ߳һǵͨʱִĶԻӳһ𣬾һֱڱľصС
ݺƾһԶҲػסߵġ۸𡭡
ٱȥ̫һ㶮ˣǲһ֮Ϊ֮顣
һֱй۲żΰ῵ɫãȻ𽥱üᶨ̲ס΢΢̾˿
뿪̫ôҲûϵСʦܸǴδ棬ҲǾУԺͯܰռߵҲǷˣ˵һһǡҲֻǸδòûôĺӶѡ
С˼δӹЩѹֻôʦôĲ¡
῿ʱתͷһ䣺ʦΪλڳӪأ
򦣬ɫгһĨΣҳߣ޷ģǡþı㣬ֿڷԡ
ܵôԶĵطֽһȫ˽С
ȻΪױһȥظϰĽˣ

ǰӪȻҲֻüһԼʦΪǫȥһϢɻԤƵҪ缸ʱԴһ磬ǫԣ˰գǲʿһһг󣬱˽ȥ
ڳӪУŽϤ񣬲δڷǫߡֻǶ̸䣬ϵĵɫжһ˿Ц⡣
ʱ֮ھľһͬģв޽СΧضϢ
ӵõϢ֮ʶһԵļῡ²⵽ºͼλصʦѲ˹ϵ¶˵޺ҲûбҪ
ضǴеջ񡣵ƷʯмʮƷʯ飬ΪϲھٿƷʯ
Щʯ˽һֻ֣ɽĿһһ̵ýʿȥУСῴȥʱǧ֮
ĩѡ˴߹ٵ뾩Щ˻Ϊӡǹ˵ŵƤڵĽʿǰ´ܵ˶飬ڵΪó֮Ժµİȫ
ٿƣһֵܣҪ곤꣬ߴ޷׼ȷж䡣¡
˵ֱʧԭأһָо˾ԼֻʱǵӰѡ
Ȼоոջķǫȴ֪һǶ˵ĹȷʵЩ⣬ڽ۷ǰǲܱڻļΰ˵˻Ǽӡǫһ˵ľλ֪˼ῡ
£֪ܱȲ֪á
¾㱸ҲûмʱĴ㣺׼ʱ
îʱ˵ͣһ£Ҫڳʱִ޳ĳͤͬ·ˡ


92 
ʰͤʱ, ѾУȴǼῡ
ҪǶԷͷʵ̫ԣôսҲ֪ܡ
üطϡ
طȻҲЩΪڴ˴ӵĿ⣬򲻸ͬǻֻгӦ, һкĺ, ҲΪ˼ῶ
ʰüͷչ, źĿȻһ˿ɱת˲šϵطϸȻǵЩŹֵĺУҲȻƲó, ΪֵµĹ
ΪԼǲ˵оһ, һϱҲ̣һ·˲ޡβŭ
ʼղɫ, ҲЩ̾Ϣһ״, ֪ñʰҪ, ҲоǷǫ뼾ῴ˾ٵĺΪΣȴûóȻ
Ҫǣ۷ǫ뼾Ǹʲôľ֣ǶֻܹԹϹΨһһԶµ῵Ļ, ֻӦ, ˡ
˼Ǽ, ͻȻ˶ͤЦ£˴ڡ
ʰͷһطҲ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥϿϤĺɫӰ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôҹ¡
ʰһ֪û֮ǰ໥ģڼ֮żжڳҲӦʳһӡٷʣҲգĬ߽˳ͤУ۶
ߵŮǰ׼òߡ㡣
ಢҲǳ˲׹ϵʰ˹ֻǺʰЦһţʰҲŮĸ㣬ⶼɨһۡ
֪λӵ飬ʰı֮У˰Ĳ١ҲͶ˶ٿʰһۡʹĬ𾭡
ʰŸŲ裬ȴʱһӶ𽥳ۿ˵õʱѾˣȴûӰеĲ豭ҲͲߣûذϣЩˮʰɫ׺ȻоδôҲǻʳӣδȹһˡ
λʢѾõɾλõܵߡ
ʰǹһĨаЦһλɾΣֻҪ˾Уеǰ취ȫʬ
ڴʱһһ㶣ͬʱתͷ˹ȥ
λõˡ
ǧһǼΰֱǷǫӡ
˫һȴͣͤ⣬ûĴ㡣һͤڵȺˣĿûʰͣһ˲˵ǿ·ˡ
ʰеıӣֱˤԭء

뾩֮ؾԶ㼱оҲҪʱ䡣
ʰڣ뼱Ҳ첻ˡ
λүûﲻҲ˷磬ֻС
˭ܿóʱ䣬Ͼ׽èͻȻתΪ׽󣬻˭鶼òĶȥ
ʰ˴ֻ˰گ飬ԭΪʮþȵ¶Ķ뵽һӡ
ʱһΪݵһҲΪһᴫϢؾ
ӲߣüͷĿɨ󷽵£Ǿôţ
ֻҪ῵ͷеǰ취١
ˣǲż⼸ҹѧϰ֮ôˡ
ȻǾҪʦȻֻһһ·ʱ䣬ѡ֮֮ѹɷǵͷ
˵Ųһ䣺ҲõϢ
ЮһӺҰ̽ߵĹٵе˲֪֡
۶ԾǵЩ˻Ƕ˵ʰһʼǷӣõòŵûʲô
˶ԻʱĿ⿴ܣôûпʦ֣

ǫ켣СʿѾüˣЩСʿȻ֪Ǽ῵ʦ֣һߣ֪ǫ
ֻ֪һûһ߸ϵĸоŪһЩСǷһЩȤº;ӪС
ȻҪǣǫĺܺÿǴûмôÿˡ
һɻںĶ鵱Уڷصĳϣɹ̫
ɾ͸㡣СʿسߣһݱƵݸǫ
ǫֽ˹ӱȥ¶ֱۣ˵ôɹɹڵģлƯ
Сʿˣû˵һԼˡ
ǫƻûоۣͱֱӶȥ
ʦֵǺС
ῳʱһ򿴲ǫתͷ۾ֻĿҪԼȥһ
ǫ֪ΪͻȻЩ飬ʵ̫ûˡ
һֱ塣ã̫
̾˿ڷǫߡڣûСʿܹҷǫˡ
ǫֱ̾˿ܾȥҲǰ취ʱͼῷֿһΣҲʵڷĲ¡
ʦֲ˼̫ࡣΏڷǫ࣬ʱͻȻ˵ҿԵȡ
⻰˵Ļ粻˵ǫֱƵס۾
λûг̫ãͻȻԵյ½ĴЩȣʦھͨӰʦ
ӰھݵһؾУһ˵һʱ̡
Σʱ̣˵ǰ
½Ϊ˭ȥԲ˵ȴ֪Ϊ濴ƾǡ
ǫڼϵƾǺҲйǡǵƾǵһƽΪˣǫδĻʲôΣ
Ķǫ˵֮ŷԼֲ֪ʱһְֻסˣĵоǺա
һ½شĺܿ죺Ҳھؾ
֪ˡǫϵʱüͷһֱһ
Ҫȥݣ
ǫͣһ£Щ֪λش
ҡ
ͬ⼸ֻû˵ڣ㱻ǫһԴߵһˣʲôҧȥ
ǽޣһǰĶа;ϵĵ
Ծ뾩ܾ벻Զۣ˳Ļߴ󲿶ӻûУѾȵˡ
ῳû˵ץŷǫָûзִֿԸһξ͹ˣ뾭ڶΡ
롣ǫ΢΢һ۾ͷ㲻ģҹƸ㲻ҡֻȥ׷ʲô
˵ŴسϷǣһҲȻȻط˿
ῳĬãûֻȡ·ǫͷϵ÷֦һµľȥ
⼸ģԶһϸĶࣺʵĻܸܲһ𰸣
ǫĺܿ죬˵ľҲܽ˴˵
ǫûлشڼֱԺֱӼ۷ȥƶǫվûлͷȴܸо῵ĿһֱԼϡ
Сӡⶼû˵Ҫʲô𰸣


93 
ھܱ߰һڼ῵Ͼļƻ, ݾһصءﲻһҪ, ٽ, ؾڣһֱɵƹܣʵϳ̸, ʮָӡ
ʱֵ, 뾩ԽԽءһƬˮ, һɹɺ˷ӿݳ, һ˰£һѰɫֽɡɡεδ, ȻеȺá
ǫ˵ɫ, һ̾ϢûС
ȴ̾ϢһתͷǷǫһеɡҲˡ첽ǰᱧסǫʦ֣Ҿ֪㲻¡
½ʱҲ֪˵Ǽİ˵ееȣۼ῾Ľǫԭģԭؾ˻½Լ˫Ѿ۾ЩȡĴʦȷʵúû, ǵģ
ǫĬƬ, ½ļ򣺡Բ, һˡ
½һ, ȴû˵ʲôֻƬ̺ſ˷ǫϻһĨЦ⡣ᣬոպã˾ͺá
ǫϵֽɡһɡϵˮˤʱմϵʱɢ㣬˸ɸɾ
ֽɡڶͷЦ߰ɣȳ˵
ݳҲ֣½һ·ǫԼ齵Ŀջܰ˵ĵطкǫ£裬һݸǫ
ǫӹһڣʶü̫Ũ¶Ҳ̫ԡ
ôһ֮󷴶һ£һЦչ˾ˣԼչ˳˶зϣ
ǫյŵһʵ˵ؾʲô
þ٣þȻҲǸĵرдһЩĻþĵؽͨʦţһء
½Ĭһ£ʶƶʦӦֻ⾣ؾеؾŲֻܿӰһαȽˣսؾûãͿ˸Ӱ
˵һҿһλӰˣ׼뿪ʱȴƫƫ˵ڶΡ
ǶӰǼ¼ҿʦҲؾУλãȴһ޴ĺڶ½üЩ޷Լľ
Ӱֻ¼ʵ顣
ǫʱ·϶γϵƾǶ޼գ½Ѱ˼Ƭ˵׼һ£һٽؾ
½Ӧ˵á

ݵؾھҵطΧڣؾûʲôҪƣֻҪʯɽ롣֮Դ߹һķǫԣͬûż
ؾ粢̫ʿ̫࣬ſֻڵСʿϡҲкָָǰӣдţ볡ʮƷʯ
ҹģǫͳʮƷʯϣ½׼ؾ
һ¡һԲʿͻȻ˵꣬ӻͳһŻ񣬶ŻƷǫ
ǫ⿴еԼĻˣ
һʿҲչȥۻ񣬺ɵضԱſǫܰɣ˵Ǹ˻о·ϣ·ԶĶô쵽
ǡԲʿ˵ȴͬס졣ûʲôǵģϴˡ
˿һ۷ǫ½˵ˣʯˣǿȥɡ
ǫһЦûж˵ʲô½ͬʱؾУǰĳʱһ䣬վһƬ֮ϣҲΪﻨĴ
ǫڽؾ֮Цݶʱüһ۳ڷ
½Ŀ⿴˹ȥʦǵˣ
ǫ̾˿ίرʾǲ̫óȥ
ݺ;ڣұͻұ㹴塣ȻԶͼῴֲһ¿ʹ˶СΪλԼĻ񣬱Ҳˡ
ʿ²ĴǡֻǱݾߣ½ʹߺץӰ罫ؾ֪֮ͨʦ칦ؾ˼ҵĵ̣Ѿ壬͵ͻ
½ϻۣǫһ˴йؼؾû취õϵˣȻҲû취ԮߵĴʦУƺеһЩ뷨Ҳٺˡ
ǫؾУõϵһƾǣûлӦ
ǫ̫һЦ˵߰ɣˮڡڣʲô
ʦ˵ǡ½ոս˲仺һ»ָһ򣺡ʦ֣ߡ
ؾ֮û׼ߵֽƣУܿϵ½һӰĵط
˴һƬС֣羰Բ¡½ϳֻΪƬСֵɫĢÿһĢɡ涼Сһ۹ȥɫʰ쵣ȴ˾úÿЩëȻЩŻ¸С
һȴãҲйһɸӰ׵ľһûӰ
½һڸӰпĢжʦǶӰпܾͷ
½ֱָָߵһ޴ɫĢĢӷǳ֣Կ٣һʹˡĢҳһģһͬȷʵ̫ס
ǫչȥۣܾĢǻһҪִһĳ嶯Ĵ㡣
½˵ʦܿڴ˵عһɢȥܣùҲû̽ʲô
ûиӰҲû½˵ĺڶ
ֻƽﻨ㣬һѲ̫ĢĢǰճ˵ӰӦòŶԡ
ǫԥƬ̣ýĢնһѺۣ¶̰ɫ⡣
ϸ˿κ⡣
ǫսѡһ·˹ȥȥĵط
ؾûٻҲ١
ǫ½ѡһ˳ȥûп뿪֮Ƕ䱻ĢͻȻʺɫѪ
½Ҳûȥؾطھؾ岻ȫҲòʱ䡣
ҹʱǫһθӰеȴĸס
Ӱǽ˲ĳУֻΪʹڣǰľƻáܿȴ޷С
ǫµڡʱġûиϵճϻڸϵ˴
ǫڴǰգТʮ죬ԾûźҲ֪ΪʲôӰὫԼС
ôʶǰ˼ϵˡ
ط꣬ǫһʱҲЩãȻ
ǫϵͻȻ˵Ŀⲻ֪Ϊλǫķ
ǫһ¶ʶȴ˸ա
˵ĿȴͻȻЩңǫСġСġ
Сʲô


94 
ǫʶ˹ȥ, ȴһ޴Ģźһ, ʱſĿоݡ
ͬʱ½϶Ĵ, ȴǸһĤʦ֡
ǫͫһ, ˳ƶֱն޴Ģ
Ӱľ˲ˡ
ʦ֣½վ, еĳѳ, Χ˾޴ĢʱδǶ٣ž޴Ŀڶ׼ˡ
ǫĬһ£ǻ᲻ỹڻþУĢ·ģ
½ӽĶһ, һʱ֪λشδֱĢ벻ҲΪгɵ߾ᱻĢƵ־ء
ǫҲûָ½ش𣬽ٴлٹһĢоʶסϢ, ӡһ, ȴĢѷѪ֭
½ķӦҪࡣҲŹʲôֲﶯ޳ɾ, ֻǴšһĢѪܳ
ǫӵøһЩЩֵ֬Ǻɫģ޿Ѫһ㡣ī֭ɡ֮Ģһɱ֭Һ
, һ߽ѧ, ݵĢôء
ο, ۷Ϊ, ɱһЩĢǺ׵ġǱӰ˹ȥĹӰУѹһʼı龰
˲Ƭ̱㽫Ģɨƽ˴롣ܺıܣЩĢȻʱܿ죬ʱȥҲ飬OO@@ݴ֮ûӰ
ǫȥϵѪͷմζ߻½ߡ½Ҳ˿Լ齣
ոմʦͻȻͣӦܾðȺĢһ߻ͣԭصĴʦ֣һնɱĢЩ׽⡣
ǫһ½ʱ·߰ɣǻȥ
á
Ϊ̽·ȥٶҪĶࡣУƬ̱㷵صƬĢС
ﻹһõĹ⾰ݷͳ
ǰΣʱȻٵһʱȥͣͿУֱ̽һ쳣
ܿ췽ǫ͵ó˽ۣĢˡ
ûжϴĻٵնĢͬЩĢĻܡ
ǫŵһգʡ䣬һŲ̤ʵأǴһ硣ĢƺӰ죬
ǫһЩĢͻȻЦýͱͱЩĢĸװһ㣿
ɲǼ䣬ЩĢȫ̲ݼ䣬ɫܶŻ͵Ļת۱·˼
ͬʱһ֣ǫͷպö½ǵ˫ۡ
ǫܿ½ĽЩͷ۵ؿ˹ȥ
ϣǳ˳һ䡭Ģ

⼸գ֮Ҳرö
ɽӹܵˮʪص˵д󲿷˶иףէﺮ꼾ҲЩ̫Ӧȫƾ鵹ûҡ
ǫ뿪֮󣬼῾ͺЦƽЩϡһоٶȵǿ˲١
ⲢûеǽǵΨһ֮һ˵Ǵȥ
ŷաǫ֮ǰᵽ仰
Խǿ飬ԽҪ֮ءҲˣÿɹһ٣ǽݡиһ֡
ῲױʬɽѪдʱ˶ɱֻһˣߣɲηȴ᲻뿪Ǹڵ˼䡣
ҲʱҲ˼ع˼ɡ
ӴҲߣ£ǰƽˣȷ𣿡
˵Ϲʱһսһɽ֮俪ٳһƽȡѭ˵Ľۣһٵ̿͵ͬС
ͨխֱͨױлǱɻо;
ƽֻһˮߣΣȹ٣ҲȱˮЩʿºӦߴҲٵԶ·ٶµʱ䡣
ǫδ뿪һѡ·һ㵽ǡ
Ҳߣ̧ͷǰɽȡ⺮ȻҡһȣҲ֪ӵķš
῿ǰһֻֽۣͨȣī֣ܲšȣȴƫƫմˮҡķˮ
ǲ·̽һ̽ʵ˵̽ʵĿȴϡ
Ե̽ʵȥ¶˲鿴ǷϾбȻߵɽϡ
ῳƬ̣֪ԼԶĵӪнʿعǡƴҲ㣬ӦʣӪ
һĴ꽽ĻţῷԸԭӪ֮˶˿ڿյϰӪʡ
ʵУ̿˵ͼῡƺͽ˴ڵͼߣɽΡƽɽϾïܵĴ֡
ӳ˼Ƭ˵ֵ̫У²̽飬ǲȵͣ
ҡҡͷͣˣ¾͸ѿټˡ
ڹӪ鵽ʱҲ඼ȥˣ뱻С
ֳӣɽ̽顣ûԥҲ£Ҵһȥߡ
Ƹͬʱ˵У
üһҡžžֱ죺ûǰ
Ҳǡޱָӣ
磬ȴԶԡ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿΰôõ±ĳ˽̻ˡ˵ĳˣȻָѾ֪ȥĶ˵ķǫ
仰Ȼǿ佱û뵽󷴶һǣҵҡ
ƿһǰվ;ôʦֺλСʦ֮չֵֹģָоһЩ
ӺɵؿһƣƺЦĿ𽥴ǣٿһ£Щ˱Ϊ㲻ա
ͻǳ·ԲϣӦòʲôϵŶԡ£ĵֶΡ
üͷһ£̫ϰߵں󷽣ǵûз˵ľá
˿һϺЦ˵ȻˣҴһȥָķˣʣһ졣
Ǿһλڵʿ⻰һῺͽӵĿȫ䵽ϣĿ⵱ждŲͬ
һЦôʲôɽеȥʺжϡ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣̾Ȼˣ鷳ˣ¼ʱźϵ
ġƳ˹һ֣Ҳ·ġ
촽û˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
ƺͽ뿪Ӫʣ׼ɽ̽Ķ顣
ڣȡµ
ǫߺÿնϵûϢῴŹȥҲʯ󺣡
ʦǽؾˣ
῿ָ꣬ԾĦ˼µƺֻܻĵ׵Ľǡ


95 ҹ
½, ǫһȥϵĢ˭֪ǹĢ·֪ǫ˼, , ۿűƺҪ½Ƥȥɷǫһս, Ģչ
ǫƤ
½ȻĢӰ죬ⳤĢƺܱʶǫĽСǰĢǶص׵ĳ, ǫ̫̼Ģ, ԷĢʲô֪С
½Ģƻ󣬽Ȼ̫ŽзâһͨĽ, Ȼ˲˷ǫֺɷǫָ½Ĺؽڽȴû½ʧȥжɳŷǫк˹
ôʦֽĽҲû̽ȥǫЦ̾Ϣһ, ½Ľһ, ˵, âԲɨ
ɵ½ϵĹĢĢŻϷǫ½壬ǫûǷħĴȱ
콣֮£һĢ顣
δǫĽâ˼Ģ׷׶ص, һƬӿС, ܿû, ټܰ, ½Ҳֹͣ˹һվԭء
ǫ߽½ͷֿƺƮɫ
ԡⲻǳƬϸСӣ
ոڿĢʱҲӵ裬ûֻܼעϢڱǵУʱƤҲմ˲ӣǫʱҲоһƬ쳣Ȼӽ뷽ǫƤɡ
½ǰ·ǫҲ˹Ģĵֻ˷ֻһ𵴣ԽЩ񿪡
ӷĩϸϸܣȴ˷ǫ½ȴֶˡ
ǫ̾Ϣ˲ˣأ
ʡΪ̼Ģǫָֻƣ㴩½ʽ¶һŤǯס½ţ½Ҳǫ΢΢һϵҲ䡣
ǶĢȴƺһЩ
ǫûԥ½ɳƬĢأصؾڸ
Ƭ֮½һε˱״̬Уٽǫ
֡ǫ½˶ѹסָһϹĢȴĹĢ½ϣ˿ȴ˳½Ѫһ·½롣ǫһ̣½뵤ҲҪһƬСĢˡ
˵½ǹĢΣա½˵Ӹ߸߹𣬽ֿǫǷǫֵ½ĺ󾱣Ҳɲġ
ǫһŭ⣬߶˼֡Ģľ˿ҲƵ½ﳤ½ʹҺ
ǫ⺰ŵķҡֹˮһ˿һ˿½ڵľ˿һγա
ÿһ˿½ﳶǫоõԼʦܾѪѪһ㡣
Ģǫ½ժº󣬱Ѹٸɱ񣬻һ̲Ũ֭
½תȴǧٿףԭѭھȫɸӡ˵һ½ҲЩζӳ¡
ǫȻ֮½ʲô̴Ӵͳʦϡҩ裬ҳζеõģ½к͹ȥԣҩûˡ
½һΣͬʱоڱ޸ֻѪĢ࣬ɫȻЩ԰סǵñĢʱļ䣬һεؿǫʦ֣Ҹ鷳
½Ļû˵꣬ͱǫһԴʲô鷳ҴģȻҲҪԭȥ
½ԴЩ㶣ǰҲûٱǫͷװɸܷȻΪԼԵʱģۿȴĪЩȡ
ǫûע⵽½վ˿ĢصķĩһЦ˵ҵĸҡ
ʦǾѡ½üȻûǱĢĶĸУģ
Ȼأǫü˵Ǽſڵؾô⣬ȴûд
½´ϴʱûжЩĢټϺܿ˸Ӱ緽ǫ뿪ؾûУڿǼһʦ֣ô죿
ǫֻԥƬ̱˵ٽһΡ
ЩĢֻҪ׼ͲһαʵҪĵδ֪ķա½ģʦƾǱ󿴵ľ޴ڶ
½ûκԥ˵ͷٻ齣
½𣬷ǫһץסĸ첲ҲôϢһѩףһĢҪˡ
½һ£ЩԥӦһǡ
ԴӿʦƬΣбЩǡκϤΣʱԼȴΪ
½ôʱһҵĺϡ
ʶңתͷ㿴ķǫ滹һңµ档
Сǰ˵ĻǫסһЦ˵ͦõģ֤ҿ
½һ£΢īɫͷտķһʱ۾ִ˵뿪̫ĳԣҪǸȥɽӣлʦ㡣
˵ǫһνסҵʱֱӿһڡš֭ˮïʢ

ƽ⣬Ǵ˿ͣЪļ
ҹʱһѾصӪء
һɽϲûзκ˼Ӳݵб̤ĺۼʮ꣬ģʿкֽͨȺоͺҼӡ
ڳҲһֱ䵱Űְ̽𣺡»ȷʵ˲ɽУûҵˡ
ҡҡͷû˵ʲôȻ·ˣȻҲΪˣͲ壬Ķôױ
ӳĬƬ˵ȥϢɣµĵٶ
ûл𣿡ƿʣ͸ԶϿȣһƬ
δҲûдκϢ
ƺɽ֮ǰźŵΣգӦźŲŶԡ
ǾңӱȼΏҪİοʱҲߵǰ棺£δĩɽ
áԼࣺȥ
˵ڽӳֹǰٴο˵һȥ壬Ҳֲҡ
ֹǴΨһĳ롣Ը·УҲ뼾ա
Ѿסҡƽ˵ֱ߽֮ĻС
Ȼ˾ҲûҪٵȵڶˣϾһʱͻΣһʱ
Ԥվûгֹֻǿ򰵴Ӱһǰļῡ
Ὸһȷʵٵķı£Ϣ
ֻһηǫλܸ֪˶ѣҲᰭ¡
ûжԣҹ𣬷Ҳ࣬Ҳʧǰȥķ


96 Ѱ
ǫĴĶ, ͸ֵҩƷ࣬һʱȱѪʿף½ֻһʱͻָ۷״̬
ؾûҹ֮, һֱաǫ½Ѿָ, 㲻ٵʱ䣬һλصƬĢء
ǵطмôõʱ䣬Ѿ˸ոյһƬ, ָƽ͵ľ
ֻϵĢ˴롣¼䲻֪ǷӦ˷ǫ½, Ť, Žɺ˵Ѫɪɪʱ׼ص, ò
½, ǫȥĢʱӣȴ첻۷, һѾͳסµĹĢһ䡣
Ģŵһţ¶ɭɭ
ǫһ, ͻȻʵǲӦҲ˵
Ģˣûô͵, 񶼸һ, 㲡
ΪԱҲΪ˲ΪһץġĿꡱ, ܵĢͬʱɢ, ֻһηǫ½׼ת£ЩӸ޷ճ
ĢǱûʲôսԼֵֻܰĪֻ˵ͦġ
ûѧ˵𣿡ǫ˴Ģġǰ׳һ졣
Ģߣ˱Ŀ־壬ſҧǫȴָס͡
ȴ˵ǲնɡǫӦʡ
֨֨֨Ģض
ͬʱܵĢһ㽫Լ˳ɢӡ
ǫһǣ¶֮еЦݣȻöûпһλôӵͷ
½վһԣҵΧԼҴʦֽٳĢọ̈̄
Ģ˵ֻ֨αװȥˣɴαװһҡͷһҡ
ûǫһ۾Ƕ䣬ܿӵ˵ѣĢкܶ࣬Ҳһˡ
ǫҲûĴþĢҪôҪô˺ٲ½ֱǡпյ˼῵ĿôһϣĢû׼ҲԽ룬ǫԽÿУһѾʼɫһҪĢĶˡ
ȻǳԣȻҪԴһһˡ
ϧǣĢǫ̷ͷ֨֨֨زҺ
նĢˣǫЩźջ˾롣Ķ
Ģһεԭأһˡ
ǫ㱻װĢ𣿡ȻûĢһֵǲһ䳢
вĢݣĢ֨֨Լ˳ǰ·
Ģߣȴܿ졣Ҳû߶ԶмλþͣԭرQ¡
ʧģǫ°˳˼С
Ģصͷ漴ŷǫоĿյһ䣬һ̵ʧֵС
֪òһµ½
ǫȻҲע⵽Ģܵọ̈̄ЩĢĴӪͰǣҪĻץһҲѣҲûмƽ·Ϊ
طǫѾ˺ܶˣȴʲô쳣
ڶ𡭡ǫһ±Ǽ⡣
Լͼ῾ǽڶ뿪ƬǺӣĺڶʲôɣ
ǫʧЦһ£ˡϢ޷ƶϳʦ𵽵ʲôǺôȷһϢƾȷʵʧġ
ǫĢµĶԥƬ̣ɵرQ¡
һƬǫʧЦôܱQ¾ͳˣ
½ȴһ̤뵽һƬӰС
ڶθӰ
ǫһ£û뵽ԼҲڶʱθӰ
һһƬ֣ͬǵĹӰЧʹǰľʧ棬ǫһʱ仹жԼȻƾǵĻ䵱С
ƾǳֽվովĵطĿյķ򣬺ʲôɵĴڡ
ǫ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥֻһƬգûпκ쳣⸡ӰΧδҲ̫ȫˡ
Ȼܿ췽ǫ㿴½ƾľ޴ڶȷʵ뼾ĺڶ
ǫվܽԿƾϵأȻûκγɵأֱ̤˺ڶС
ǫԼڸӰУʶҪȥקƾǵֱۣȻץһգҲȴһ̤˺ڶԵ
ƺҲܽȥ
ɸӰһδ֪ĺڶôƾǿŵķпܲǵʱ顣
ӰƬƾҲһӰУ
ǫֻԥһ˲ۿӰҪѣһ̤˺ڶС
ʦ֣
ڽڶһ̣ǫɻؿһƺ˼῵

վڶ¸ҹǰߣҲˢԭеĺۼ
̫ˡ῵üͷ⼸һֱѧϰбȻ֪Լλʦ˼֮ܣǳ̽·Ҳضº˿׷Է⡣һֱڣῶûзǵκټ
ͺ񣬲йһ
ͻȻסĻУ·оԼ˼ĺ֮ˣȴΣ֮С
ʦ֣
ʶͷһץȴʲôûץסӰڼңܣ¡
Щʧ䡣һְԼڼ¶Ŀڣüͷ
£ΡΏԶ˵ʶǿٵҲԿ֮ľݡ
ֵ˵ǱʲôΣձƳģ˵Ǽ῵쳣˸ųˡʱҲȷܲ¼῿ڣȻҲǶһۣα㻺ڰ֮С
ƻûҵƽһ׮¡῵ͷһꡣ
һĻлɽеˬζѪȡһ·Ҳûзִ˴д򶷺ۼ˵ֻΪԷٸߣҲϢһۼȫ˲
ΏһʦҲܡ
Ǳ㶨Ź֡Ʊ㾫ͨŶݼףп˵ῶԴҲɵɡ
ǻǿ໹ڲῲԥֻ뾡¡һߴվ֦ͷһһƽɫĻ֣ɢɽ֮䡣
ԼΪٿʮ磬Ҳһвرǰһεá޷졣
Ҳϣֵڻһѡ⵹ǳڶ˵ĲΣֻǶԷб½ͬһӴ˶ֽţʧǿµῷųһ̣вر㲻Ǹܡ
ֻܶģԼ׷ʲô£ܱȶԷɱø졣Ὼ˫ۣϸϸ֪ؼ춯
ɽƣصϡƺһᱻøɢһ῿ƳһƬͬϡŷƣЩȥ
͵۾ҵˣʮһϣ΢
С
ͬʱһǿ˹
ɽ¶ڵз֮ڣ


97 
һɾĽ, ܸձϸ·ϵʯ϶ллˮ
ǫ̤ڶһ˲ͳڽֵ롣
, ڶѾټ, ½ȻҲûи
ǫͳϵ½ƾǣ֮еĶûκλӦ
ǫ˴ͻȻЩԼʱִֻƼãص׶źŸ, Ÿؾֻܵˡ
̾˿, Ŀ漴, ûʲôˣֵԵ϶ŷ壬һö졣
ǫվ·ԥһ, ׼һҵ, нŲһ۵˾ᦴӽͷ˳
, Ķ
ۿһ·߶߶, ·ǫʱҲ˿ûͣĴ㣬ǫɴһץס˸첲
Сʿ˶ʱһ, ڳ, һֽϴǺɰλã˭ʲô
Сʿһ׵, ǫظо첲ϴĲ, ȻǱԼ¡ͷһײԼôӦˣʶһԼҳúˣСʿӦüˡ
ֻټСʿ˫ȻͫȴƳܶϽЩƫơСʿǰ˻ӣСʿ˵е㷴Ӧȴ΢΢ͷԶǫȻ㿴
ǫһСʿʱ崺硣οкɰýҲԷ˼ʱһЩ֪λιң
СʿͻȻԼݰ㣬һ˵Ҫ𣿡
ǫСʿɿ֡˴Ͼؾ֮У˭֪Сʿ᲻ĢͻȻߣԻǲ࿪벽ĿСʿͻȻܣԡҲС֮ǰЩҪ̡
ʲôСʿһͦһɽֱһɳšĩ˷ǫףСʿ·ǫûʲôԵı£˰ԼĳϧЩǫһû˵ֻڨЦһ£λСʲôط
ԭǸ·ġСʿЩйЩɣ˵ˮǴģ
ǫšһӺڶģҲ˰ɡˮ֣ʵͨ˵ؽҲĳЩ𣬻ʱҲˡ
˲²⣬ǫЩͷۡһüģðһ£һꣿ
Сʿüͷһ塣˵һ⣬һꡭֻҲǸˣƬ̺󣬻Ǵǽʮ꣬ʮš
ǫһɰɡֱӻصǧǰ
ֱӲ˼ʮͣϵˣǿ̫ˡ
Сʿ˰죬ǫģΪԼǱˡ˵ȴԼôϹ۸Ҳʲôˡ̾ϢһٴҡᦣĻСȸˡ
˵߲࿪һԾײˣ漴ǰȥ
һ¡ǫһֱֱӽ˻˭˵ҲԵģ㡣

Сʿᦲǽţ±¨һһͳľͷʡӰ塢׹ǣȻһױīֽ⡣
Щʲô
еࡣǫ̯ǰԥãһ£ҸλؼҰɡ
ʵЩ⣬ϵǫǰĹŹ⣬СʿҲȻˡˮСطŲף⼸ܲܳϷȫŹˡСʿƬ̣ûҪǫһɴӻͳöͭǮ
ȴԽԽӣȻƵСʿһأɵضŷǫķ˵һѾزȥˡ
زȥһҷǫ֪Щ쿴СʿûУû뵽Եͦ׼ġҲǷǫҪĿģ˶ȥĶˣ
СʿԵĶһ٣һãءǫǰЩʱ꣬ҴŶûгš
ŶǫӦһĿƳܵķݣЩŴţȫڵģ
Сʿһͷ亹ҲõУϸϸϵ·һ÷ɿ졣
ʱԭĹͻȻһѺۣСʿ۱Źף߶µ˵ļҿ²
ǫԭоֵϵЩתĿؿСʿ⻰ûлȥİ취𣿡
СʿŹףɫԽԽɣԹҡ
ǫһ£ǧǰ仹ټ˳ʷ̨Ҳʱ
Сʿ˵׳ѳ룬Ź˱ˣûнжһʵˮ
ǫһ˲һ۸СĸУǰҲû۸СѣڴӴһƷʯСʿ⸺б㳹ɢȥ
ҲмƷʯǲʺøСʿϾٰһ£ҪҸˣܲ㵽λ
СʿʯһԥĹˣҲûпĹߡ̾˿׺ʯһߣ㿴һ׼֡
˵ţСʿֽʴһǰơ
ǫЩɵֿСʿ˫һۡȻСʿû飬㹧ֽдһֽ֡ŵݹȥʱĵ˵һ䣺дǹ飬Ĺ顣
СʿһʾԼ֪ˡֽ֮һֽḧīˮĸʪǫ־ôдġֻϾĿäֲСʿ˰Σ̾ϢһһԿܲ׼Ͳøˡ
ǫɵ죬ǰһƷʯһ֮ǮҪǧǰʯأҪôСѿ̫
Сʿüͷ΢ƺԥҪαҡҡͷλңıǣձضóԸ
ǫûܴСʿϲȴĪһСʿĿڣЩŤתǧǰ磬ǫ֪ò࣬ǿóСʿЩ¡
վͳһʯϣСպౣأǿûټˡ
ϾǸʱ
Сն۾ŷǫ뿪ķĩ˿ʼ̵ʰ±¨˳Žֵ˳ȥ
ɣڱԽڱԨ

ǫСʿֿ֮ؽһһſڹžƸĵǰͣ
ţòжǫԥһ£˳ȥš
Լ˿ŵС·վſڣŹǷһٵı飬ȴѹĺܵͣ˭ô磿𣿡
磿ǫһ£ʶͷ˹ȥԭĺϼˣȴ֮ǸոԾƽߵʳ
ǫĬһ£ûٴδԽʱȻǻҵġôһѰƾһƱػøѡ
ϾһʱԾʱյĿռҪβҵһˣ


98 
صϼڷǫĲ, һԡ
СϱԹ, ̧ͷǫģ⻪ҫ, Ľûÿ
˵, Сֱ֪ͦ˲٣Ҳѹ˸ׯ, ȴܵط, ЩҸ־˵˼λ͹٣˼Сڻûпš
ǫ΢΢һЦûϵ, һˣһԼʮ, ׺Ӻͷһ, ֪ûп
ÿĿ˲Ҳ١Сϸ˼˼Ӧ, ȴǫˮһ, ʵϸЩ֪͹еλ˼, ɺþƣʲôƣ
ǫһ¡̫񲻽ƣǷǫٿƾơԼҲ֪Ҵط, ҡҡͷ
СȻ¶źı飬ȴΪ־, ǫĲѩϼ˪ǿ͹ٿɾҴطˡǾ, ǺþƵĿˡþƵ˼ҡʵû
ǫü, ӴͳһƬҶݸСܲһƣ
Сʶɴ۾˿Ҷֿ˿ǫ¶ɫҲ֪ǷǫòǽҶʵֵǮСԥԥؽӹ˽Ҷ˿ڣһ£ȥơ
ȥʱ򣬻⿴ܣȷ˲ŽԴȥͬʱš
ǫüĿɨֵ峿Ľֵͬܰǰһ˲ʪ粻ͬĽֵܸˬЩȡ
ûüϸع۲죬Ǿžٴ˿СһƵУǾõľˣ߰ɣҪڽҴܡ
ǫһµĽԹƣŵһ㡣ǫ̲ס۾һ
Сԭŵģǿŷǫȴ̲ס˵һ䣺Ҫ˵ĻȥͷĴӣǼʲôⶼ˺ܷ㡣
лǫĻû˵꣬СѾȲĹš
ǫ±ӣҲǺ⡣ȡ˾ƺϵӣžƺͷһڣоȻеھ㵱С
ǫͷһۣЩϲžƵֿڣͬʱϢ˳ȥ
˽ֿڵĴ֮⣬Ҳ뿴ʲôõСɵ
֮̽ȴˮȺӯ֮⣬쳣ǫüȴûзɽ䱸
ۿǰܿ͵ֿˣѾܿҡ
ǫٵʱ䣬첽˹ȥûпԼӰͻȻ˻Σͷλ΢΢𣬺ıӰһ

ƽУǵֵ̫죬ֵܸϹȥʱѾʧȥټ
ڱϽʱһնȥ⴩͸Ӱԭ磬նһѺۡ
ڰĲ֮Ҳû뵽Ώ˲ƣ̲סһѪ
ѺʱûмŸո쳣֮ȥ
һøߴĻһӡǡǻеԵʣǵӡ̫࣬ıʶƹȻС
ͬʱῷֽ󷽡
һǿס˼῵ĽƿźԼֻһĽ̲ס̾˿±𼤶һࡣ
ῶһ£ջ齣пΣգ
ҡҡͷĵûʲôֻĴ벻ȻûбԷץ񣬵ҲҲȥ·ǰ滹󷨵ӡῴ
˵̲סٴγ̾һȻСʦֻжݵĽӴȴҲƢ˽һ֮ͲµСʦһѰ
˵תýѺۣ߰ɣòƿ󷨣һֻϡ
һ¡˵ſеһ뿪ȥ˼ˡ
㡭Ļû˵ڣ῾ȻӰ
εҡȣſһ˵֣С૵Ҿôȥˣ²ǻᱻ
εҡҡͷۿűѺ±պϡһȥȰ˾ȳһƾ֡
ͬʱ
ӰһǰһƾճУһ·ϻմѪۣǸոռʱ˵Ǹߡ
أЩɳƺͼꡣԭǴȳӴ˵·ʱסӣ߼Ὼʰ
ȴû뵽ҹ굱⾪ϲ
ոջھ͸ܲˡһüͷһ𣺡᲻ϵйأ
˵ſͬ飺ǻҪõʱ䣿
ŻҪҡͬ˵߬üֻҪС˭
һâشĺġ
ΰ̧һƵס˽ƣƽᴦ𻨣ȻԼŵģͱǲ
˵Ϊڽϣûжԣתٴδ˹ȥĿֻһնɱǰ֮ˣ˲٣ȻҲˡ
֮Цһǰ󷨣ͬΰѹΰҵУɱң
ѹû󷨣ݺᣬһƿǰƣ˲˵ɴ۾Ŀ⵱¶һ˿ֻš
Ȼڽ϶ԷƤһ̣ǰ¶һЦͬУǰͻȻѺۡ
󷨻
ˣ죡һֱῺԵһˣϻ㣬ɫе˷ܻûȫɢȥĿȴһ˿졣
һζӿῶһ٣ѪһӿҹУȴ˽ɫ·
ʲô´ŲЩأ۾˽ɫͫ
һǻҿнרġǿǵܹ
ĶǾ߱Ҳһ
ۿԼ˵΢΢˵Դ˷ܻǿ־壺һ㣡죡
ȻյļͣһֻɫצϣֱֱĲĶͷС
ῳ˦˦Ѫɫ۾ûκ¶ȣ漴һˡ
㵽˻ǡҲЩͬʱӿϲٶȡ
ȻҲûлش⣬һһǰʴѡ
˸ɴ۾һʣ˿
ڴʱȴͻȻòһʶסԼĲӣѪ˳ָ
˲ŵ۾ͬʱ˳ȥ
Ӱдһ
ֵһˣµ˦˦ѪֽӾȻճѪһ˦Ͳۼˡ
ǰ˵ʮ˵ʬ壬Щԭڹеɱ֣ҲȴЩɱ˵¡
üһ·׷Ҳû῵ӰҲ֪СĶȥˡ
ҲڴʱҲһ
һ£ķ򣺡Ѿ𣿡


99 ʱ
ҵ̿ЩϾ, ǽϾǰ߲ĺۼ, ϵĴҲһᣬʵЩưܡ
ҵŴҲǽŵ, ǫ濴, ǰһ׼ţ֨ѽһԼˡ
ǫӡѰ̾һŰƴ, һ˨żס, һű㲻ռطô껧ţҲǲƴֵ
ϧٻǫһҲˡĽǶȿȥ, 󿪵ĵںһƬʲô˵Ϣ
ôģ
ǫӵ, žƺٲ˽ȥ֪ʲôһ, ԼӰںµĴڵĽŲʱһգͷԼĽ
ӰӾӰӣûʲô
ֻһͷ, ķűһײˡǫûü⿴һ﾿ʲô, һĨڡ˵, ֮ҲԿܱߵĸ֪˵Ϊ, ǫԼһƬ֮Уʱӵ֪
ǫ̾Ϣ, ͬʱƳ, Է⡣
֨, ֨
ڰд죬˲ľ¥ϣ¥һûУÿһľǺõģÿһŶеᡣ
֨֨
ŽŲǫԶϷһ΢⡣һǴľ¥һ㽵һ⣬ǫ㿴ǰӡ
￴һϾɵĹ꣬߶һżӣ档Ҳ֪˵ϰǸ⣬Щۿɼһҡ
ǫԴ˲⡣ϾӣҲۿɼĹû⡣
¥ϵˡһϡߣоһյŮơͣƺԳΪϡ¥ݶ˵Ȼ¡ŲӲûҪһϥǡ
ǫˣüͷ΢΢һȻһȴˣֻٵˡ
ôţǰһס˵֣ϵ¶ȫһˡ
ǫɫ̧ͷԷЦ˵˼һߡ
˲ûǫ֣Ŀƿǫ͹ģϢģϢģ
ЩӲ۾Ҳ̰Ӳ
ǫû̻ش𣬵Ȼɿֻ֣ʱָ⻬˵

Ϣġ
ջߣϣʣ
ǫһ΢Цܣллˣվžͺá
Լŵʱ򱳼ֱϢȣ͵ʮƷʯеʮƷʯߵһ鼫Ʒʯ
ǫ̲סէ࣬ǧǰļ۸ô˵𣿶ΪԽԽͨ͵ģȻ̫
ǿ˷ǫɻҲŭֻǶԷǫԵøûʲô¡΢ָӲһַĸоȻҵӦ֪ʲô⡣ֻʼ㹷Ķȥǡʵ⣬磬Ӧ֪Ǯǹ
һ˵ö϶üζ˾ǲҪȥɷǫȴ˵쳣ҲˣҲӪ
ڷǫϺǸԣ˶ʯҲжϧѰ˵ģʦƾ˼ʧˣ㼸ȣ
óīֽ⣺֣һϡ
ǫűԥһ£ûѧֻ̫ͻ̫ƾǵĳ谮ֿ˯źû˽ѹɽٺõĶӲ鷨Ҳûùֽʣ±ʸû˸ء
ƾǵֶ֮֡˵롣̫첻һףǫֻ֣֪ƾľʱ
īƲȳƣִϸϸǫúܿ죬ʱ˱ʣĿ
Ҳû뵽ô飬Щؿȥ
Ҫ֪ǫ˵ģѹĿߵͲȣӡӾһ۱ʡһī
û˿ǲȫİʲôǫͻȻֳֽߣڴͷλòһéݣȻؽֽ˻ȥˣոٻͷ
˿ŻĬãųɵ˵ߵȣһ鼫Ʒʯ
ǫЦһ£һʼ;öԷҪ񣬲Ҹ˶ѣҪһ鼫Ʒʯôеթƭ
ɾؿŷǫٻ˵Ҫδ
ţе˼ǫһžƺһִӴһ鼫ƷʯӸˡĶ
ûмŻشֻʯƬ̣ʯ
˵ñʯһ£ϲҪҵȷʵϹȴһʮ֮ҲᵽС굱ܹȵǸʱĻܼˡʯķϣҿٶһ⡣
ǫĬƬ̣Ｘ⼸⵽ʲôطҵô£峿СΪʲô⡣
̧ͷ˹΢Цһתʵһꣿ
һ£ζؿǫǵЦ󣺡񰡣ǿ갡
áǰʮ꣬ǫ̲סЩͷۡ
б𣿡˵˵ԽԽᣬЩƮһ⣬ҿԲʯ
ǫüⲻʯĿ²Σ
˼ǫûȥЩźƿĿ⣬¥ݣûĻ뿪ȥʱǵùš
ѵԶӦ
ǫŻߵǰһδŹûԼ򿪡һû̿ţǻͷһһ¥ݵߡ
ͷʱպÿҲŤͷԼÿһͷͶתһ£ۿžҪͷתһٰʮȡ
ǫԥֱ˳ȥ
ľǱͨľһڷǫ̤֮ҲûԶպϡ
ڶ˼ҵġءǫսľº˻ȥƵˣѾ׳ߵ˶¥Ȼڹ֮ǰúܳȻŷǫķ
ǧǰˣôµ
»صֵ̫֮ûгֵɿһˡ
ǫûýȥʲôطȴٴν봺֮ǰָо͵ػعͷպøԼӰӶһ
ӰҲû뵽Լôױˣ͵ض˶װһӰӺͳױ֮ԥ
ԼһߣͼϷǫ
ǰԼɵˣǫüûж룬ֻͽץӰӣ
ܸоӰϵǿ˼Լ
ȻӰӱץ֮ǿҵŤȴѷǫ
ǫоһӰӵĹ죬ԭʵͻȻƱգû˹ʱȻҲûӰӡ
ǫһգüܡ
ڴʱһ


100 
ҲԼôˡǰһƬģ, ÿһһŻ, ڣƺѪĶ, ҪƳɻҽ
ûи߹κ, ԼѪǶԷǫ, Ҳֻδ顣
ʵ, ǵߣҵڣԼ֪顣ĸĺᡣ
û֪, ѪеġϵѪżкҲϡ, 볣ҲԽԽ, Щʲôʱطӿ㡣
һϡѪ̳Ѫ, ԭעԵʼѵɹǡ
ڣε˽ʮꡣʮ, ΨһĻ, ϡѪŲϵꡢʴż῵塣
ʹɱ䣬һŲԼû, һʹ֮УѪҲ˳ױᴿ
δԼĻһ
῿Լģ, ǰһƬ, ҲֲԼʲôط, ĹӰЩӦ˦˦βֱͣɨķݡ
Ȼһ룬ķʧ·ֵһµĿռ䵱С
ô£ǵһ̣ɱǸˣҲʱǸ˵ɣƺ󷨵С
῿Կ϶ѾƽڣҲ֪˶ãǰһٸı䡣
̲סſڣѿڶȴһ֮
ܾģڵһŻҲ޷Ϩ𡣼ͷʹѣһͷײ˳ȥ
·𴩹ʱգת˲֮俴˴ﶬ
ֱһ

˶ͷ·ܿǸˣ֮ȴǸһ½硣
һ˲˶ͷֱײȥȴڶ˾ɲĿ⡣
ˡһ
ֻǶݵĳ֮ȴǰֻһ
һ˲һ̱ŭ

ǫɫʱԭյ̼ɢȥر
𾪣ûüǰѾʧ
ԭصĽֵͻȻ˺̷ܾǽǶԳ·ķǫûκαʾûпһ㡣
ǫЩġŽʧķڽͷߣЩڸոΪʲôûǸСʿĻͦ׼
ôŵʱ򣬻ͷһĵ̡ʱĵһοʱΪưܡŰϵѾɫҰ͵˱ʻĵøˣֻţ֡
Ϊ꾹ûȥ뵽˵ͷǫҲͲˡ
ߴ֮ˣץһ·ѯʺٽһԥƬ̣ջǽְ˵š
Сʱ䡢˺˷ֲٽȥһǸ֪ǻˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôԵʣһεƺûϻԶŵ硣ǫƿһƬڰżǰӰһֻϴϵĲҲôɾϴԽԽͷ
ǫ˵ͣȴδһʱȥǫǫһţȴȵطͷĹղΪӣɴ֡
Żغˡ
ЦЦˣּˣ㻹ǵ𣿡
˱ϴ벼΢΢ͷ۾ȴſǫ·𲻷۱㿴巽ǫһ㡣ͬʱҲӳǫȷڵʱһ˼ʱȻͬ˵ò˿δģϵÿһ˿嶼
ã˵ڷ˻ƣȥһǵáй㡣
ǫһ֪˿еĹ˿ָıͷӦǻ˵ģӦòշѰɣ
˲δشطӣͺʱϥǶоʮʹࡣǻȻſʵһΣ֪ʲô
ǫ˶౦񣬿ͷİڼЩڼȻǻŻҵģһθоǰ㰹ܱ࣬ϳЩŶľ뾫£֮⻹һЩС⵹˼ģǫһµĴżֻǱȼĲһ㡣
ǫԵؾȥʵʲôݣ
ȰòҪͷҲû̧˵κ˶ԡ
ǫüջߵ˶棺ⲻȽϽ
̧ͷ˷ǫһۣ˼֣ǽꡣ
ֹȥʮꡣ
ǫʵʱô£
˳ĬƬ̣ȷҪ𣿡
ǫóһ鼫Ʒʯ뽲
˼ʯԼĿڴǰϵĹƺһЩǿĻźÿһֶƺãҵĲǣ㡣
ǫһ£شԼޡͻȻԼóһ鼫ƷʯеûϵһҪʣЩǻ𣿡
⡭˵һͻȻڷǫǰ𣿡
ʱǫͻȻʵŨصʬζһûᵽġ
˵һ˲ȴѾ˼ʮꡣ˱֣߻صԭλϣıЩ߰͡ɣΣȥ
ǫͣһ˲ԤУ̿϶˵ʲôҲȷʵȥˮУʲôǬ
ǫʯַԱߵĲżϣžƺ߳˻شꡣ
Ѿ˵׶ʱƵʱ˶٣Ҳ֪Ǽҵ̻ڲڣ
ңƿ֮滹죬ֵӰҲûйģ
ǫһʱҲ֪ĸȥžƺ˻Σѡоķ򡣵ΪǱгš
Щϧǵ·ǼҾʱ򣬷һҲϵꡣ
ǫЩźعһ±ӣһҪʡŵˡ
ˮ򲢲󣬲һǫӵڴһʼֵĵطĲԶ
ǰ֮ͻȻһµ˻Ŀ⿴ǽǴ
ﻹһǳļª̯ԱߵᦶһģһֻǸϹ۾Сʿ
ǫͣһ£üͷ΢΢һ·߹еĵ̶ĲͬԵΨ̯û˿ı仯
ûб£Ҳûбɡ
ǫĿʶɨķϧûп̯ˡ
ͣƬ̣ɣͼݣûпǸ̯ˣ
һ£ɻؿǱߣɫЩɲʲôʱ˸̯ģôûע⵽
˵Żͷһ˼ģ
ǫſһۣܿջĿ⡣
лҪˡǫ˵˳ִ̯һӣȡһӸ̯ȥ
ڷǫ뿪֮Ǹŵ۵СӹսǴ˳̯ǰĿˡ


101 Ӱ
ǫֳ, ߵ⡣
ԣڵķǫʱ䶼޷, ôռأǷǱСϵģǵĻ, ǲ⵱ʲô
Žǰ, ǫ˲롣ɵ̤һ˲صСĽֵʱ, ǫͷ͵һ, ĪЩѣθС
ֵ, ͻȻĳķǫҲ޶áǫе, һ, һͣ, Ҵײһ¼硣
ԲסԷܴܵȴ
սǫԲС·ϡֻôЩ, ϵѾ˴롣һΣǫ, ȷЩػصϾǻˡ
ͷԶûȥʱ, ԵСȴ׷֧Ű塣·ϸŻؼҵҲǲŹߡǫۿһ˺ǳһƤŶǽӰͯ, ȻɴֻֽҸ, ת۱ʧ˹սǴ
ǫЩĪƺ, ¡û̫
Լ, Բ׼ԼͷǶǴֻǻһȦҵ˴ӸղһֱԼˡһͷСģˣվԼҵڣкһŰ壬̽ͷֲҽԴһ㣬һ˫۾ֱضŷǫ
ǫ̧̧ߣҶдš䡱֡
СĿУЩԵĽꡣۿչƣǫҲӣп˾ƺһף˽ȥ
ƾ֣Ҳ֪òٵȵһ֣Ҳһֱڽֵϻȥ
ǫŸ棬С̽ŰϣԹ͹˰ɣ
šкβף
ǫʵɣǵСֽѾŰοס̶˸ʵʵǵСʱһŲæȼƣʱͻؼˡο͹ٿЩйұز
СЦϣȾǿǫҲЦʱô𣿡
Сʱƭˣ㲻ˣڵ͹ס𣿡
ǫҲ֪ˣһƬҶӵ˳ȥס
СҶӣ۾Ƚӻ
ǫſ˿ջڲջŲ󣬴ֻΣ߽ϵ¥ݡǫһ£濴ջԼߡ
С˵˴˵ͣ¥ﶼǿŵġ
СŽҶӣôûɫĽӡȷ󣬵Сŷǫ·ڿһƶǮӣسëѾ˰ΰʣΪǫһ裺͹Եȣȥ׼Ϸ
ǫ˳ĿܣǼϰأ
С߻شﳣûʲôˣϰͻؼˣž㹻ˡ
ǫʵǳʲô𣿡
ЩֵġСŲˮ߹ǫò裺һһˮ򶼱˹Ķ˸ҹ
ǫͫ΢Ѱû뵽ôйأ
ɲǡС˵Żܿ£յǫߣ⼸м֪Ϊ̾ᵽˮ򸽽ÿ֣ɶʳ˵ġ
˵СɫҲЩ·ֻ˵ѾþСһת׼һ£뿪˴áʱ¥ϱִ˽ŲСټŷǫʱЦڣ͹٣
ǫ֪Сǲ˵ˡǿѣվȥ
Сһ·ŷǫʳϴˮЩһͽˮҹﲻѰǧҪߡ
ǫЦЦʳˣԸҴ𣿡
ȻСǫ뷿Уе
ǫڷеһŵСĽŲԶ󣬱뿪СΪ׼Ϸ¥ƿͷţЩͷͬС죬˵Ӳ󣬳һŴһΣһ¹񣬱ٷŲ̫İˡ
Щ䶼ûд˵ԭеģѾľˡ
һƬģѹҪˡ
ǫصԼķ䣬ӸɾһЩߣľúһ϶
ǫǿвľһȥ֮ԥȻܻ峿ҹ֣Ҫ̽һ¾
ȷǫű㱻죬ŲδպϣСվſڶž˵͹٣ľơ
ǫջ߿˹
Сƺڵϣ͹٣ջˣдܵĵط¡
ǫžƺţͬһطľƣ̫࣬Ҳŵͦõģлл
ͣһ£ʵɼ
С¶һֵı飺ôܣĶܻŻ
ؾţҲֻʣϾûģܻһ¡
ҹһϴˮСɫǣſֻͷĵضһ䣺͹û봰ԶһΪ
ǫһ¾ƺûдӦҲûоܾܶ˵ϴˮͲˣҲЩϢ
Сɵؿһ۷ǫƺȻ̫ģûж˵ʲô뿪
ǫ˰֮ſڣܴ̽ϢĲˣȥһҹġſʱȴһˡ⣬Էĺ
һˣô
⵹е˼ǫſԥһ£ûֱӲȥǻص˴ߣľ˿һ϶㹻Ľֵ
̫ؽֵϿһˡ
ǺոʱӣǿӰӡ
ʱ磬ǫҲɴŵڴߣ֮⻹ֳһݾǸˡ
ʶĸӦ£ܸ֪ǸС绹ûߣһֱͬվ˶ûж
ҹЩģھζпɡǫٵʱǻûʲô仯Ļ뿪ջ
ôŵʱ򣬾ͿһĺɫӰӴӸҽյŷ쵱м˳ЩӰ죬ǸðӰӵ⡣
ţ
ǫԣȻͷͿһӰŷ쵱м˽ʶ۲쵽ӰǴӵСϳֵģ
ǵӰҲû뵽ǫôͻᷢԼԭŵ滬ͻȻһֱſһǫ
ЩӰأǫ׾ٵץסһС磿
ӰȻûʶڷǫзŤš
ǫüûһĶתͷ㿴¥ЩӰˢˢ̧ͷŷ϶ķһ̱˴ϡ
ǫûиľֱ˻ȥ治ͣ任̬ߵſڣһƿš
ǸСȻվſڣкǸˡֻĿ͵ؿŷǫûһ͹٣ҹﲻܳš


102 ҹ̽
ǫС͵ĿƬ, ȷСǸˣȴʲô, Ե˹졣ǧǰԣ, ñǧҪӻξ, ټҲЩ֪ġ
ǫǵСҲ, ̽ǰһ, ȴǵСҲŲһ, ڷǫǰ͹ҹﲻܳš
ǫͷ˿Ӱӣֿ˿СĽ, 꿴ЩġѸٵؽӰСһġ
ٶȺܿ, ˵, ֶ壬ӰӾֱСǿбһ
·ʲôһǫʱӰȴδصСĽ¡СȻ, ӰɿѡǷǫɿﵽԶ, ֻǺӰҲóǽ䱸
ǫЩʧ, ӰӵʱоõӰӾǵС, ˵ŨأСͬԴ, Ȼϲһ
Сһֱ, ֻҪǫ߳, ͬվһ㣬ֱֱشһڷǫɪɪӰʱǵСֻеؿ˵͹٣ҹﲻҪš
һûʲôõĻˣʱ֪òõСǸˣǫһ̾һץ㽫Ϊ˰ȫӰӱ㱻ǫץСۿӰӲŤǫüЩЦ
ڿӰӿܱȵСһЩ
һ̽뵽Ӱӵڣ̽ԷĹ졣ӰӾȴûа취
ѰʱǫҲûŸӰȷӰӿ˵ųɾֻһ˿СӰȻϵһ𡣵˵ôŨصأ
ǫһţһ潫еӰһԲ졣ӰӲҽУȴǱǫοС
Ŀǰֻ֪Ӱһǣ˵ϣ̫ɽӰӱжˮӵĹӵ˶״Ҳ˵
볹׽ӰӴ鲢ѣȴѱ֤˵СӰĹУСɫۿɼı˺ܶࡣ
ǫͷһת֮󣬱Щεɿ֣Ӱ˵ط쵱У޲װԼڡ
Сվſڣ߶ͬһ仰Ķе㷳꣬ǫһֱƿ˵С¥ݡ
ǵСͺӰˢˢظڷǫһ·ϵСظͬĻ·˵˷ǫܷŵĴ㡣
ǺӰһֱԾԾԣ֪ԼǫһͷǫӰӺһ𡣵ᣬֱǫߵһ¥ҲûѰҵ
ǫеƣһ¥תһȦûпκοõ漴ߵ˿ջſڡ
һ·𼤻ʲôֵĿأԭֻľ桢˵ŻĵСͻȻɴ۾ľӲ徶ֱ˹ס˷ǫþеҪק㲻ܳȥ
ƾŷǫ۷Ϊһʱ侹ҲһСסǫ΢΢һüͷ㷢ĿŤֱϽ
ȻѾʹˡ
ǫ΢΢ü̾˿һǸ漴ָ˵Сüġһע룬С˶ʱڵء
Сδʧȥǣֻ˶ʧȥֺҲֻͲĵСմãлιôһ̧ͷ㿴ǫ˨
Сֹǫ޴룬˹̨ɪɪ
ʱǫѾŰ塣
ǰ롣ҹˮѲСˡ𨣬߲ʯϺӰ㿣ε
Ű屻򿪣Ҷġ䡱ĸƺҲһ¡ӰǶʱע⵽ζ˷϶
ЩΪĺӰǫһ¼ֱ¸ۣ׷һȻͷĺӰտջǰʯף׷׵˳ȥ
뽣ǰа
ǫɫ䵭ֻǹ˼Ź̨ɪɪĵСʱŰ˻ȥȻҲյСơ
ǫԼǺƸˣʱҲôΡתһ룬͹Ŵи㲻ˣҲȻˡ
ǰǫסӰӣźӰͬԴĵСҲ·ĪĴˡԷǫʯʱ벢δʣֻǱǫӰ
ֵĽֵֻзǫһлߣ¹Ӱҵʯשϲ̫ǫӰӺͷ׺Ӱ
·ȴŽľھƣӰŻӽ·ֻҪܽһ֣Ǿ׬ˡ
ǫͷǳƣǰȥسһӰϜ
а̫Ŵʦǫӡ
ǫڹĽֵϻ룬֮ǣ׺ŵЩӰӷ·һ侯伤ԣؽԼѹӰصԭƽĵҲƺ˻ȡ
ûκףЩӰͻȻŨһҲзɱֱֱǫ
ǫֽһᡣʵԽסɵķâֻǲϾǾĶ֣ڷǫŲýЩӰӣֻɢ
ӴӰҲ֪ǲӵ˶ˡ
ǫͻȻĪΥ͸Сˮ˷·֪һ̫ɽǱ˾
ˮʱǸä۵ʿô£ʱϷһˣҲ֪ǲҳǲܳΨĿäСʿЩһһէȴڽߡ
ȴ֪Сʿôˣ
·ӭϷǫͷǫе͵Ծһ¡
Ƿǫֱӵת˷һСʿĵط˹ȥ

һĸо֡
ῲòͷʼѧϰѧϰκѧϰŤԼ壬ѧϰΰѿطѧϰʹԼǼ̶̵צӾȡܾȡһάҪ
Ҫѧϰۡкü޷һеϵײɽײϷ
ڼƿ塣ֻȻһֱڷɣ֪ԼҲ֪ԼɵжߡһƬһƬһƣǸ˵ĺֻһһ
῾ɵõһ㡣ʼȥ˿Լα¶佫𶯡
֪˶ãڿ˵档һӣϱڲԫǾһսֻûˣҲûа׹ǡӵͻȻʲôȻݺݵһҰ
˻Ӧ
ῲڲȱĳǽϣ֡ˮ


103 
żϿ, ߮
ȻѾѧʹ壬Զûеȫյĳ̶ȡԲҪ˵ôСҲ˵ˮ, һ, Ϸȥ̾ᣬɵüСġ
ˣԭѲаܲСᱻƻøΪ
ῼǵˮΪԺ󣬱㲻ʷдУҲֹһһμǸʱҲڴ˵ءֻʱֵש߾ȫ, ĽȻͬ
﷢ʲô
, ʱؼ䶼ܽΪ˲ƻС򣬼̾壬СϿո
Լǰʧʱ˵ľһ档ʱֻƽʲô˵һʱĶԼҲΪġѾã֮زס仯ûʲôסһ
ǵʱǸʵԼͣǲʲô
ҪС򡣿̫Ӵ, ٷɵһЩµ³Ϣ, ưܵСҲԳܲ
Ǹµĺۼ
һͷ, ῱ޱǿҵ뵽С
֪˶, ῵ڿʼС˵ҲԹ仯, ΪֹС仯ļޡ
ԼΪǷݸоڼ῵¹䣬ռ῱һԼһ׵С
ԭСĳӴ׵شţĿǰܾ̮һҽſڵĵ⣬ûһķݡ
һƬкԵøۡȻûеǾôķϴϷƬȱ룬֧ŵķʴأŵҲѾˡ
ЩǼΌעĵ㣬ǵſڴġ
һ֧ľ
ľʴɹ⻬¡
סˣͣ˺ܾòųɵط˹ȥצӰһ£ľķ˸
ΪԼ˼ɼµĻӰǴȴʵġ
צҪצľָֻ̫ϰߣץ˼ȴֻľԽԽԶ
Щˣȴֲ̫»ľ
ףﾹȻ
ʶعβС˦ĵ̡ԭΪⱻʴصĵ̿϶ȴû뵽ҡζûҡһ£βϵƬһƬ
ۡⲻҪ῿ˡ
ǡƾǣ
Ǵʦأ

ʱǫȻ֪ԼʦѾѾһʱյʤĻʦˡվˮڣ˴ǸСʿĵطϧӰɢҡäСʿȴûӰ
ҪˣǷǫûȥ
뿪ջʱλҲƫơǫüɫЩΡСҲ֪ʱôģǰʱԾ˿죬ǿʼˡ
ԥһ£ٿһԾһ˼ҵϣЩӰ̻ܣǫ֮󣬵ûһٿġ
ǫʲôƿƬȻСȻŴյüݶȴ޷һƬڣǫԻգȴȶһ˫ɵüȴ˫ۡ
ֻһˣǱǫеԭվֱͦͦӲ̧ͷӡȻͷȴȫ˺ȻĲܷ֧ͷ­ʼǲһ˲Դͻ
ǷǫⳡҲ㱻һ㲻ӦҲ֪һˣΪܵӰᵽ˵Ϣ֮һεĴˡ
ǫѸٽƬȥһգ֮һ¥ϣƿƬȴҲƵĳ
л˿ҹôһֱվţȴ˼١
ǫһ˼֮鸴ӵػصϣˮĪһ͵֮أ
λҪ𣿡
ϤǷǫһֱѰҵġȹҹСʿϢس󣬷ǫҲⲻͷһعͷȥͼСʿʱģһֻı¨һᦡ˫ԲϽ۾ҹҲˡ
ǲͬʱ䣬СʿȴǫһǲᱻƬ쳣ʱǰȺޱ仯
Сʿķʣǫһʱ䲻֪
Сʿһûеȵشһ棺ǲԵĻ㵲·ˡ
ҪҵͻȻǰǫĬһ£ʶʵ㲻ǿ𣿡
Сʿ¶Щ֮ɫȫǵԼ뷽ǫ棬ɴ˾Լһ˵ԼĿä¡СʿʶЦЦϵ£
ǫҲ˵ãֻǺһ
Сʿһ£ƺ˼νͣǿĿä֮˶ԵĸӦ볣Ҳͬȫ
ǫһȴű顣
˷ǫԼСʿҲԼάļս컹ûܿţæ˵֮й¶˳вȱһ棬ȱ֮ˣҲ֮շв㣬ΪɱȳҪһЩҲҪ׼һ㡭
СʿԷǫһԼı죬˵˵ԼҲЩԶ֮⣬Сʿ˽˵ȱɡЩϢ΢΢죺ú׼ģҪҪԣ
ʢȴοǫǸͷ͡һСʿȷʵú׼
ֻǷǫһβҪԼסûзԼСЩЩ΢ĲǲҲƾֵĹؼһꣿ
Сʿһ£ǽʮ꣬
仰ƶתƿǱˢһ
ǫؿܵı仯澰һʱЩˢۣʲôʱ
Сʿɵ˵ң
˰ǫգգ۾սֵôҲûʲôˣ
аСʿͷⲻкܶ𣿡
СʿĻһ䣬𽥱ɻŻųڽϡȻһ̯״̬
еı仯ԴڡǰСʿĿС
ǫþû˵Сʿɵʵʿ
ǫЦһ£ʶ𣿡
Сʿһ£ջСһ¶ŵı飬ǺƽʵʿΪʲôʣ
һֱȴһֱδüǲǴ󡣡ǫͣһ£ھ뽣ϣ˵
һ˲ӵʧˣǫֻصǸֵֵһˡ
СʿɫƽĿûнࣺʿΪ˵
ǫ˿еƣ⣬ƵĹԵЩ΢ˣʱԼǲһΣׯεεط߻ڸӰûѹ
ǫ˵ſܣľﶼǰʵֱڸӰףΣաȷʵڸӰУﱾҲʵڵĵط


104 
ǫ˵ó, СʿҲƺרġ˫ȴ˫գ˼գ
ǫ˵СʿûеһʱӻһȷŷǫѾ˵ˡСʿһЦ, Щɻλ˵ʲô
ǫûлش, ֻǹԼ˵ҲȻĸӰȴӳʵ뵱£ֻǿ档еһ磬ߣҲһʵĸӰֻþߵļ䡣
ǫƺСʿһ㣬˵Ż˵ԼԴȻ, ĸӰҲȫ˵ƿء˵ȫ, ζʱҲˡ
Ҳ۷ǫƾʲôܴԽʱϣ˵ǸˣƾΪΪĪþһԱȻᱻþ
ǰСʿȫߵϢȴȻûбʴĺۼ˾׼뷽ǫɵӶ֪ˡ
һ˵ûСʿ, ôҲǿ̯ġôòŴഫɡ
Сʿƺ׷ǫ˵ʲô, Ƿǫ˵ȥһǶ˵, Ȼʵ, ĴȻҲ, ʳˡ
Сʿؽ͵ʳȴҲʳʲôڡ
Ҫеɹ𣿡
ǫ٬⣬ȴ䡣뻮һĻߣСʿĲ
ƵСʿǰһ磬ûټȥصƽ⣬ȴݷؽǫĽס
СʿȻվԭءûöֻǰЩ¶̬Ȼóءǫ˵ԺСʿ̾һЦЩɬңѾˡҡұ뿪ط
̧Լ˫ۣգҲȥĵط
ǫۿСʿ˫ͻȻӿһͬʱס漴㷢ǹСʿιסйֺСʿϵºͣɱ
ǫһ˼⣬Ȼ㣬˭ģ
Ҳ˥һҲ֪Ϊλ쵽ƿ;ĵز
ҪǣǫֵϺͽ϶һ׺ųһۿͷϵǣ
ѹһʼСʿϵ飬н𵤡ԭסûų
ֱʱСʿϲԳЩȻ֮ɫһҲŶ㿴ü
⼸굱Уûм˵صʿҲûϵϣڴ˵ȴ
ʿǿҲǷ˶ѣ˵ǿų˵ġ
˵뿪Լ𣿡ǫûлش𣬶Ƿʵͬʱٴγֱնϵ
ϼһĻ𻨣벻ѣնÿƫƫȴ̳һĻۡ
Сʿһȴܿ찵ȥǫЩΪ֪Ҳ˶ˣն
Сʿֱ΢΢ͷ⵹Ե޳Ư˶٣ƺʰһյ飬֮Żشǫ⣺Ҳǵ˵ӦҲҡ
ǫԼ·³һӰӡ
ȷǫСʿɫͻȻһ䣺ˡ
Сʿ˵˵һ䣺㿴磬ֹһƿء漴ʧڷǫǰ
գ֮䷽ǫصžҹӰݷںڰĽһֲĿյ
𵴣ЩӰӱƵķԶ
ǫվڵ·룬˼СոյĻû꣬ӰпӦöʶ˵Ļ档ԼСᣬҲµﲻֹһ˵Ļ䡣
ʼʱ²⵽Լʱɹƾǵļ䵱С
ȻԣȲ˵ʦ˼ûлôұҲûҵ˼ҵһƬӰӡ
һӰУ˵Ļ䣬һ˭˭ÿһʱﶼڡ
ǫôĿȻȻؿֽǵĴꡣ
Сʿ֮⣬ÿʱжڵģֻǸˡǰҲûмˣĪǸʦЩǣӼ棬ˣ
ûеʧͰɡ
ֻߣʵСʿһ壿ǲǻһڣ
ǫһԼ뵽һпܣһǼ䴺
ҹУŴգǫҲ֪ǲԼˣܾطŨࡣ
ǫڵǰһվͻȻ̻ܲӣžƿžҹը졣ǫͷȥЩºҹʬһİǶľҡҡλ˳
ǵ۾ضŷǫ
˵ʵٹҹҲ΢ÿôһ㣬ô֣һ෱࣬ɫͷסֻ˵Ǹʬſֳ
ǫֻߵԽǵٶȷԽƺʲôɵǫ˿пҪƣ˻һ£ƻ͵ҡһ£ЩϨ𣬿ЩյĿŷǫ
Ǽɵǡҵˡ
ǫٴתšȻԭʱӦɼ͵İǷ׷ɧȴǲǰ
ĵţѾԼˡ
ǫûʲôԥ˽ȥѥ׼һ㱡ҡ
봺󣬵бϣ˿Ϸ죬͸ͷ졣
ĵڣһ¥ûпǸ˵Ӱ΢ӳڵĲżܡǷǫǰ̤˵ʱЩ⣬κα仯
𣿡
վڵУصһҲûмǸӰѵľ¥ǫһпҪϨ˵𣬾ٲ¥ݡ
һ¥Σɶ¥ʲô⾰ȴδ˵жٻ֪ͨδȻ֮ǰдǫûڲ
ǫһ·ϡ¥أҲȻǷǫڽҲѸתʴߵòɵߵ¥һʱһ㽫еˡ
ǫĽŲͣͣźڼСֻľ΢΢ʣ¶һ㽣⡣
ϵǡ¥ʱһֻȻʵĸо
մ΢˵¥ûеƻ𣬵ǳǳ¹Ҳǫ˵ˡС¥һƽ㣬޷ָһ࣬ˡ
֧һ齣ţͷһɫĳ
һǽϣǶŴСľ񣬰ڷСƿӣвƷ
ǫȥЩƿ﾿װŵʲôɽŲճֹסˡ
Ťͷӡһ磬΢΢ҡĽǶȿȥͷ𨣬봰ϵľӳĳһþ¡
ǣôдȻţ


105 
ǫʶȥ, һ, 󣬵ڷǫȴھһ㡣ͷȥ, ϤվȻ§, һ, ϵ˫ǻǡ
͹ǲɣ˵̾Ϣ, Щѵ˼ǰ, ߼Ҫͣһͣ, ջƵ˴ߣӺ¹档
ڶʱְȥ
ƺҲһ, ȥԵĹӡǫҲ, ǰסˣ˹ȥ˼ҿ, ڵµ˰첻, ¥ˡ˼ԭ¡
˴ӹȡʯֲ˼²Ŵ˻𡣶ʱָ˰ҪʲôϢ𣿡
ǫֱȡһʯָתһȦЦ˵ұֱˡ㵽ʲôˣ
˻ش𣬷ǫ߽һ, ʵ꼸, ΪΣһˣ
, ޷ڻסеƣԵƣֱȴڡƤѵøǡצ
˳Ĭһ˵ǸʿӦóûΪ
ǫɫƵ֪ΪطܸһΣյĸоָоʵѾйˡ۾δʵġ
˵ûзϣǾŵƿ˷ǫһۣȰòҪƿȴ
ȻԷô˵ˣǫҲԥһƿ˴⿴ȥ
Ȼ¹ˮǳƮһŮϵһɴ¡䴺¥ߣҰȴõÿ£ûκһӵĵڵ¹⡣ǫɿøȷˣѷˮ
ѾһռˣޡǫøŷֱȴҪһЩĵطһڱĿ¡¹貵⡣צϣϤٽƤ⣬ڴ˴
ǫ΢΢𣬲ǵһοȴһʥһʱЩϢĸо
΢΢̧𣬾޴Ťһ¡ȴƺǫڣǿն
Ũ
ǫһʱʥľ޴ȴЩĻͬٺڴһ㣬һ·Ͼ֫壬·ʵؾȡӶ
ԭѹЩҹﲻҲܳɻʶ
ԵЩҾʹַΪɾ˭ֳʲôĿҪ
˵˹ѹ㲻ҪЩ޹أ֪ˣֻԼƽʹࡣ
ΪʲôҪֵطǫЩЦؿһˡ
򴰱ߣĲԽԽ죬ƶԴľɫڴ˷ǫŴⱻľź϶ʱƽɽ޵һצԽҵɱҪͻΪҲء岻ͬˡѵ֪Ϊʲô⣿ǵǷΪã
ǫгء˵ⷬʱ·ϻͯһ㣬ȥϵºۼƤ𽥱ù࣬͵Ҳ±ñֱƵҲʿģ
ֻһͷĵǳһ㡣
ǫüɫѵ¶棺ʦ棿
ˡս̫ʱҲʦͷȥ顣ǫдֺܿ죬ҲȥֿϿڲ·ûʲôȤĶ
ǰ˵ĻǱģͷλá
˵̫רŹʦãʵûΪʦĻ֮߸󡣷ǫŻҵƾǣһμʦԼ
ͽá
ƾԽô˵ǫԽ档鵽˽г裬ձ˵ʦ棬ó֮ǰѾѳʦš
Ƶʦ档
гʦǰѾﵽʵȴ֪Ϊһֱܷ
ֻǷǫûֱӼλʦ棬֪ΪҲӰѵֻΪһ
ǫ΢̲סЩ棺ң֮Ҳй
ǫĿ΢һ£ע⵽˳еҲ֣ô˵ʦƾǹȻҲУǲ֪ĸʱڵ档
ǫֱ˵ҳ̫š
ʱȻ˷ǫǰƺΪʦԵɡЩпҡҡͷԭˡϧʦųӦǲ̫ϿƺġδҺŵĹϵ΢
˵Ŷ˶٣һһ㣬ҼȰνú˵
ǫȻ˿ʦûˡ
ʵС㣬δз
𣿡ǫһǣʻһ⻡ǰˡȻûеġ
ȻֻһСǰɨȥǫȴһܣײӡ̬ţɫľ¹¾һ¡ҹֱֱаҪΣ
֮£һѺۡ
ԭܴ𵴣봹ȫӴסŤͼϡǫһҪһȴͻȻñһӴײԲòԾ
ŤͷȥҲѾ뿪ӡ֮У·̤ʵһߵúȣȴŷǫո̧׵·ʲôѹȣֲòסŭ벻Щ
ǫһ˿Ѫ
ѹĿ䡣Ӹ£ŷǫĿӣûа취ıʷȴʷС
ûа취ı𣿡
֮Уǫ΢Цףڳ֮ǰǫٴλӽ׼ȷնǰѺϡ
ϵѺٴ󣬳ɫ΢䣬ȴ˼ɰ㣬ֲ̧ûйǫҪǿʱ䡣
⸡ӰˣĻӰȴҲзǫܴڣοȻͬԴȡǫ
⸡ӰڷǫǻӰԼȴʵ
ǫľٶóѹһ˿иٴŤ˶ͷ͵سֱҧ˹ȥ
ǹ룬һƬɱȡߵۣʿĻľһʱҲ޿κΣΨȥܿһҧĽһ㣬·ڵһԽ˫ֱָָʱѾϣնķǫ
ɱֹҪһһС
޴󣬶Сһʱû취ͷ֧Ԯǫ
ǫӶնһٴγһѺۣͬӦѿ
ǫӲ˳һ£һͷī
ͬʱβɨ̼С
ǫһ˲䣬ϵʧȥʶ֮ǰһһ
ôһ


106 
ǫʶʱ򣬻ȻԼһֱ׹Ҳ֪׹˶, Ҳ䵽δ
۾ʱ, һĨϼ⡣ǫŶһ£Ҫȴʧˡʦ治ǰ׽еģ輸Ϊһ, ԵѬԲ, ֻѹƲŲԪӤĽɳһѡ
֪ΪδʱȴһĽιס, Ҳס鵤֮ס
ǼµǸľԵʣڷǫɹ, Ȼ, ҲԼ޸
ǫ̲ס̾һŽҲǶֶˡӽ𵤳֮, ûôùôҲǸùߵС֮󣬲ſʼһ·ڵù·ϵġ
תĿ, ԼƺһƬ֮, ȴƽɾǫһолָ, ô֮, ǫų׼
ĺ󾱸뿪棬ڰһ߽һСϸСɵúܼɿǫ㻺СΧת, ſڷ
Сצϻץһմ¶ˮĺҶ, Ҳ֪Ǵʲôطժ, źҶιǫȴǫƫͷܿллҲʡ
Сԣԥ˺Ҷԥԥز˲䷽ǫȴŪһȫû
ǫ̲סִ˴СҲ㣬СС̧𣬳ŷǫֽһ
ǫƽɫһͫԼ˵ԴϹСߵԴ̲סʧЦԤѲɾ㣿ܰɡ
СؽһֻǷǫԴԴ
СҲǼѾˡòײѧὫԼСû뵽ƾǼһ˷ǫڵʱգôһߵĴСֲȻԽԼֳһ֡
һʱŵòһɢļϵˣȴۿ
ǫ֪ǰС˼лôǧذתӴһҩ྽С
డǫɫ䣬ꡣԼ⻹ϵĳԾͷ
оָ֮󣬽Сץִ˸᣺Сûпһһ׷ˣ
῵˵ͷ̫СµͷķҲǫĿȻɻ
ῲڵŤ˼£ķǫõûУҲش⡣һ֮ϵĽᷴˣͷβмᵼµĽžһӵ˷ǫ

ǫЦһСյģ·ʧȥ㣬װ
ֻڷǫΪ⿪ϵĿʱССĵؽһϸսЩùʹǫָȴԼ۵øǫòӣСĵشѰ˿ķ϶Ҳ֪ΪʲôһʼС֮Īһ׽С
῾صȷǫָۣĵطһȡһ˻һĸоͱʱܲͬһһץӸȴ⡣
ǫò׽⿪ۣȴ¶ԽԽȣ̲סüֹס󣺡δεӦѪôôҪһ
Сթʬһ㣬͵شһ·ǫ촽
ǸǺᣬСֺãص᲻롣
ῸոտƲסԼĳ嶯ڷֿʱŻѾֻʣ޲̱Σôöû˵ڵĻ˵꣬ڴ֮ǰҪѹԼ
ǫһ£һЩ΢ǿǵССζˣֱӵСǳǡ
ϧûǹǼЩ㡭
ǫһ£Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻ뵽ῡȻѾǷֿ֮һ뵽ˡ
ֿʱ䣬ܻ᲻ԾǸС·Ͽ²̫ƽҲ֪һ·ƽ
ǫҲɹԼΪλ⣬뵽ִ֮󲿷ʱ䶼ΧֻСתƣҲ֮С
Ұο֮󣬱㲻ٷϡ
ڻû븡ӰҲûҵʦ˼ҡǫֻһ񣬾ͺܿ˻
ǫظһǰ⣺п𣿡
˺һջҡǵͷ
ձƾʱ۾ֻзǫһˣϾڸ̫ǿ벻ע⵽Ҳѡ
ʵͱҪĶ࣡
Ҫ߷ǫ仰ϧ̵
Ķǫְ̧һͷ˵Ļһ̣߲ĻҲеҩྡ
˵žȻ׼Ӵͳҩƿ

һ˦ֱӴ·ⷽǫǴĿһ죬ζ̫ʼģʱܴЩζһ˿
Ҫڿһʲôġ˰ɡû³ʲôҩֲŰ
ǲ֪ĴȥĶˣȻĻ浹װʦϲԵĸ㡣
ڼתͷ֮󣬷ǫոյЦݺܿʧˣüͷʱɫԵЩ԰ס
Ȼɹնƻʷ̣ڿû븡ӰҲ֪ôˡ
Ӱʲô
ϧʦλѳ̫ʦڣǰķǫҲʲôԵˣһĽޣʦԺԴҲٹġԶԳ辿ʲôԵʱΪʦţǫһ֪
Сһ·ǰУžƬ棬Ǳ֮ˮ
ԭȵˮ̫ϤֻղĵطȻ˿пǰһСġҲ֪ô쵽ģһʱ䲢δ˴è塣
ֱԼŵĽֵ뷿ݲ֣ˮһģһʱȷϣҲڷС򱻻ٵж೹ס
ԭƯС¥·СݣѾһƬ档
ǫŲ΢΢һ١ôûио
ӡԼ봺֮ǰֵϷǰաƬСΪ棬ݾ٣أǶǰջܵһʣļèȮأ
ûһˡڵϢκһʬ壬Ӿĵģ·ĳһ
ͣ˽Ų˼
ῷһǫͣͷɵߣһ
ڹʱȴҲӦ֡
ǫͷһСȻСֻҲ̲ײģ̲סЦһ££߰ɡ
ҲԼҪ˼뷨ܴɫ˿ҴԲôʦַԼ
ʵڹ
ǫΪǵĿĵػڴıʷҲǳĶ֣û뵽СȴˮӿڣȻԥ˳ȥ
ǫһ£ﲻǳȥġ
ôǰһȴһߵ֮⡣


107 Ӥ
⻹Ƿǫһˮ, ֮ǰ۷ǫô, ʼձˮڡ
ԭΪһһ߳ˢڽֵ, ȴû뵽һ֮ǰȴϤĵط
ǫһ, 漴ʶ, С໤, ҲΪԼǰնǳ趼Ѿ뿪ˮ򣬴˵رס
ǰĳСķ羰ȫͬ
ˮǻҰɫģС򶼷·ûɫһ㡣ɵ뿪ˮձȾһƬɺ졣˰ȥ, ֻϵóزѣ·겻ܹ¶
Ŀ԰, Ψо޴ɭȻסǺҰ, ǰһδȫãźص
͸͸, һҲˣǫҪΪԼȡԷԨһľ󣬷ǫԼļš
ĬƬ̣ʲôط
ֱǴ˵еڣһ
ῴܲ³ǫʲô, ûп뷽ǫķʵ, ˿еľȾڷǫ
˵档ϳ˼״ص, 걻ؾʱ޶¡ֻ֮һ, ῿Զ϶رͬһص㣬֣ͷδȫõԿǼǧǰڣ
ǰˮײʱģ
էһطҲζӳ£걻ЮȫƾŶԷǫĺްطɹʮꡣ
ٻصȴѾȫȻľ
գҲȥĵطǫһ䣬漴̾һǴ˵ذɡ
ݵ𾪺󣬷ǫѻָ顣ǰСʿ˵ĻʱԺСḧһԵССΣáȴǡʱڣҪĿԼ𳤵ʬǡҲ𺳼
һ뵽ʦֵͬı㷺˳ֽС˹Լļϣ᣺£ǽȥ
˼ΪﻹиڣͻȻǫ˼磬ˡҲܸܵǸ˵¶ȣԲĶԼǰ
һ᲻̫أѹ˼ңȥУ̫ԡ
ԭһƬңеƣ㱻ǫס
ǫ˳һһֱŤŤС⻬۲ԼĺЩε˵ҶȻ󣬷ǫ̧ṳ̋ڣ
ڣУδȫ𡣷ǫһ̤룬㱻λͷҲӿһ
ῶѪζΪУ㷽ǫܿڹȥҲǵһʱ䷢쳣
ڣҲܹڵʹ࣬ͬԴֻЩֱǫԳžǫΪٸߣҲֻǷ֮۵ʱɢǫС
ڣǫߵѹʱС࣬һЦСԴл
ῶԴȴһ֮ĸоҪһ㷢֣Ҳ÷ǫˡ
ڣʵܴ󣬱ϾһǶһɽĴСеֻʣһ߹ǣָʣһ߹ǣҲȻ߲ʡ
ϧǰΪնơСǫҲֻȷֻԲǰһ·˴ʱ˵ʲôϢ
ǫͣһǰ滹дӲдһȴǫüһССǶ壬ܸܵԷ𣿡Լôûͷûβȥҵʱͷʣˡ
һ£ʱ䲻ͬӦ»̫Ӧ˵ûлǫ֮󣬲˼оһ¡Уһʻﲻ̫Զĵط
Ҫŷǫ뿪ֻͷָ·ꡣ
еɰ
ǫûסߣһͷСһȵĻͷ
ֻǴǫһΣ῱ԴܾΪǫָ·ǫлЩ֣ܿ㷢ڣԵһƬشŨأԹɢطȻ̫Ϊ쳣
ĪСסԼŲԼǰȥ
ǫ΢΢񻹴δ¹ʲôҺͽභȻҲһЩʬ
ʣµѣܵĻ뻤Сȫġ֪ǧԺѾûˡ
ῶһ£ĻŷǫطҲû˭ףԷǫԸסġ
ֻձʱ˾޴ж㣬ҪһЩˣȴƫƫһֻСҪ˻š
˼֮󣬷ǫĶȻҲٴγѪζζೢεҲϰˣǫɫļǰߡһβС·Ҳһ۾ܿǰԶ
Ҳѹѡطƣϵһ΢ɼһʱҵ
ڷǫϣͼķʽֵסԹ
Ĺ棬ȫûԼѾǫԴסˡ
ǫΰһСסߵͷҪ𣿡
Ǳŵһ㣬ѸٳɵΧڷǫΧ
ǫЦһ˳ߣһС̧ߵǰ
һֱ۾ֱǫ߽ʱض˶ͷȴǶŷǫģǶϵһСġ
һϡȱѾѿĽˡԡӡֻʣһŶԣСǴĶģ
Сʲô֣
ǫһ£ǵСʿЩȴᣬȴϵͬĺߡ
ͱյúܽԴʶԼ֮󣬾ûڷǫǰڡ
˵ˣ֮ҲԵһ£ѵ̧צСͷϡ
һɫСڣߵķǫ棬ص˳ƽڣѺ۰߰ߵĽ𵤿޸δֹͣڵĽԽԽӳ漴ֱڻڡ
һɰģͷǫòͬС֮֮࣬һʱ侹ش˸Ƿͷǫơ
ǰʡ˼ʮıչʱ䣬ֱӻΪӤˡ
ǫóѾǿ֮ĩԼС˵ѵõĻԵ
Ƿǫ֪ǣʱļȴܾšܹо룬Ҫˣ
ŷǫ滯κԱʲô𣿣
ϧǰ
Ȼڴʱһ£ֱնϡһҲȶ˿
̫ãҲʦõ彣裿
ǫһתͷ˹ȥվŵǾ衣


108 
ôڳϣ
ڽ˵, οѽ岻ͬǫԽԽ, ŽĹǽҲ΢΢ס
ͷҲʱ֣ƾǵ˽, ȻϢرὣ
ô, ǫв
跢ַǫʼԼеľʱ, ĿЩֻ֣ŲſӵеľΪʲô
˵, תɺĨһƬ峺Ľ⡣Щпظһ½Ϊұף̫һšΪ̫ӣ㾹Ȼ֪𣿡
ǫϲɫͫȴ΢΢һ赭дһ¶ʱվ, ˵̫ŵ·ǫѾһ롣Ҫ̫ſɲֻҪΪ, Ҫֳͳ̫ŵ
Ȼ˵λ, 񼫣ѳʦ, ʦҲӦýֱӳ
˵ض˷ѾĻҪ̫ʷĨɾǸֻ˭
貢û̫ǫ, οǰһƣض˲, ¾Ҳѷ, Լһ֮С˵һʼֻΪע۾, ͶᶨһȥҿԱ㲻
Ļû˵꣬һֱֱشĺġ
ǰѽҲǾ衣
ǫ˿һֱŵ̤븡ӰΪƾǵ䣬󶵶תתʦΧ
ֱʱŴӻجج״̬ѳøոʱ˿Ѿ¶ˣ󡭡
һھ͸Ͻ˻ȥǰֻһβ֪Ϊεܷˡ
ǫûע⵽˵ʲôֻСܷˣЩϲ漴ʶ¿һսֱӽСժһţ֮ǰ䱸еĶˣٲȻһ״̬
ڸոʩ񼴱ûСţǫҲܴ˵ԹӰˡ
죬ȴͻȻһڰ˼ͬԵʣܸоĵѾߵ˾ͷ
ƾڰս֡ƾǵĿǲԾȥۼԼұͽվġ˵ˣ޴󰭣صˡǲ֪СǴĶõϢ׷ԼҵȻ̫ٺúѵ
¿ǰİ׷ӡǫ֪ĹΪ̫ţȴ˽⡣ʱǰҲǴˣЩӣջǻһʦ
Ŀͣƾеľϣһε̫ţ
ǡ
ȻʦϸϸǰʿƾǵЩϤĸоȴ޴ˣΪһɱС
һμƾǻǴĵУֻǵʱûԷģƾǱʱյıʧˡ
ƾѹԼθеǿеľ裬ƽ˵ʦҵġʦ²δгʦ֮ǰʦһԼǣӽٲټʱ۹ȥδݣ
δ䣬ƾǵɱɽһ㣬Ľѹȥ
ɺնʱһƬӿβΧڷǫǰһķʱĿǫʱؿգûаνȴǽ⡣ɽڵʿɲʲô˶ܵüġΪв޷ǫֵء
㽣ҲֻΪ˻һһٵѣУҪһ¡
䲻ϵƾǣƺƾ˵ʲôģҲ̧һ
ͬԴ۹жƣҲ̫ŵ֮衣˵ٶҲ죬ǫҲֻǿӲӲʱһһĻ𻨡ڣİǴƣӿ·һ
Ҫǫ밮ļῴʱ£ѹסˣ῿ѾΡоԼȫĹͷڲס𵴣ν̥ǾǴȶܡһܿǫıӰޱרע
ǫûעСǧذת˼ûԼʦģ
ƾɫвк޵ģֻһԼһĶԾ
漴㿴ƾǾ𽣣ǽʽϤ
農ؿƾǵĽУȻһЦݷ˵ض꣬Ѻܾû󶯽ǣһʱ侹Ҳ̫ɽѩĿ
Ȼͬľ裬ͬʽ
ʦ𡭡
ǫѿڶڸУʶǰ˰벽ȴ־
ƾõ̫ŵмһ׽Ϊɽ¡һ׽ͣȴ̫콣ټĸͽ·һ۵ֻԼٲء
ǫֻڵƾǽԼʱһΣǵڶμ
ǵõ꣬ƾս֮˵Ļ̫ҵʽ˼ΪʦϣⱲӶô˽С
ʦΪҪһаСǫ£жûͣЩյƲƲ졣
ƾǳĬûлش
ֱûκԤ׵ֱʹһУǫŻȻףû˵ڵĻеʱǲҪಫݡ
ǫǿԼջĿ⣬תͷǰͳ赽ô£
ոսΰʱ˼֣ԼƳꡣɣõ߲˶ѡ
ϧûѲ塣һֱϢ˵ʱͷһۻСĿࡣ
Ѫмѣǰ̣ͬҲ޺
Щʵǰںͳ̸ʱǫѾֻ֪ܾóһײЩϤ
̨ڹµǸʵ黹оǸΪƣֻǵǸõǣλʦõֱ
Ҳ֪⵱Ƿһϵ
ɽڵ˶ñͲǺȶøӷƮҡ
ǫԭĲƾǣΧۣſŷǰ翪ʼֵӰͬʱͬڣܶˮڣڵºȺҲڲͣ滻Ȼͬһʱ¡
ǫϾԪӤڣƾһ֧ſԳáüͷһֻԼڣ±仯Ҳһⳡ̣ʦȲС
ǡ֪ΪʲôСͶԵȻԼʱδػţȴ뿴þⳡɥ
ǫ뵽ʱ̾˿˵߰ɣҴǻˮ򡣡
Ȼ֪ܲҵӿڣǱܻܿᰲȫࡣ
ԣȴǽһֱŵСƸǫ߰ɣѾ߲ˡ
ǧټƵĲҲֻǻ˴
ôᣬһ뿪


109 
֪ǿ֮ĩ, Ĵ־ǫתӹС뿪Ƚͻˮٻһˡ
ɾǫԼҲ֪, νġٻһˡֻڰοԼµ״Ųصˮٻʱ򡭡֪ܲ˳ȥء
ͷ, ǫٿһһۺ, 
Ҳ֪, Ļþǲǻܴڡ
῱ѹںֱײ, Ȼ뿪ѹصǫĻ, ڶʱһƬӿ, ȫƾٷǫǰ˵ִԼ˽ı仯ѹסƬ̺ƽ, Ҳûб, ȴ˼Ȧ
ǫЩؿ͵һĽԭһƵС, ·һܲԼϡȴһµͷ, һβ˵ϡ
ǰǸڷǫͷΨԼѹǫĿԼβ, ע⵽Լı仯ʱίؽβ𣬲ԼաĿǰûа취ȫס, ոЩ, Īʧȥȫ, κؾ׹ȥ
ǫۼֿ, ٴνסһŷ˵ʦʦ滹ϴѷ, ǫЦһ䣺𶯡Сǳ˼ͻȻô󡣡
˵˲, ǫһ޵ʿǱöġ
ֽƺɵһЩ££һЩ˵ز˾뾡춯
ʲôʱʣֱӵ¸һ㣬κģȫ֪úȥδӡ
ǫˣ̧ͷһ۷ǫü۶һʶβͲڶԷϡ˾ҵˡ
ǫ͵ؾԼһ£ΪС£庢ƵԴȴЩϧ⻬ë޵СɰǺֻǹе˼쵽ˣؾ¡
һв¸ƨǶˣ
·ǫѾ߹һΣسȻ࣬Ҳһ·ƽʱǫѾԼܿˮڡԼݣҪΪʱջǻҵģһãȻޱ߼ʵڣһеˮǰ
ӰˣȻΣʦƾǼսʱռû̮ʲô˼Ӷϡ棬άס£൱õĽˡ
ֻǷǫκСһʱפ㲻ǰǰʱȻһˣ̤ȥټƾ
Ȼʵûи̫õԥʱ䣬ԭȻݣЩ¶ڻҰת˲䱻޵ķ϶ûص
ǫͷһۣҲ˵ʲôζɽСһЩ̾ϢѾˡ
仰·ĸȻһ̤ˮС
֮ӣǫһߺǰľδãȻƬҰ׵ķ档Ϊڣĵطݵˮȴǳ裬￴뿪֮ǰ𲻴
ǫһ·ԡȴȻѡִӹͷѾ࣬ҲܸоԼӦòͻȻˡֻǽˮƺࡣҲΪǫ˻һ·
͵شӷǫϴܿԶػڷǫ̿ȴͻȻƳǫüĲͳɫ
ܲէüʦȴֲò뿪䳣˵޵֮ĹֻҪˡ֣ô飿
ԥ뿪ڣȴ֪˵ʲô
ǫСĿʼͣԼϣʶԼ°ϡͻЦһ£СҡҡͷͬҲܡصģҵ޵֮ˡΥȴҲ˳ӦȻ
˵ǫһ٣ŤͷרעСĳڡ
̫˶ģµͷһ䡰Ȼ
ǫЩû˵ڵĻῷ·𶼶ˡĬػڷǫߡ
Ϊֹǫûҵ뿪Ӱİ취֪ǶɽٳɹˣҲܲסһѡ
ֻһþе硣
糹ױ֮ǰҪ취ҵ뿪İ취ȻѾˣܾܲô;ϡ
Ȼطûݣ뿪пܻط
ǾС棬ʲôرĵط
Соӳʱǫͣ˽ŲӶΪ棬ȴֻһȻǼϾɵĵ̴ӷǫʱ·ʱᱻҲǣȴȻҶϵҲѾ˸⣬ֻӺۼϻܹʶ֡
ͨͨש򵥵ɼľţȴʱѵĵ߸
ǫ𵱳ĵԶ򿪵ġǴΪԼһһǸɽڵʦ֮¡
һͨĵӱ֮ΪʲôܶԲд
ǡطˡ
ǫôǰƿľţڻ뿪ǰģ߲żϰŸָĹ档
һЩû⣬һηǫİ̽һ飬ҵһѹڵµ
м죬̫ʱ￴ֻʱ̫߰࣬һʱҲԲϺš
ǫɻطǳ
ǫǶʱһ֡дռǵġλʦ汾ҲʲôˣľͲ¶ǫĿԿ̶ϡ
Ҳ̫£츳ίΣ̫š
ŵλãֻ˲ꡣ
ͷǫǰƲ⼸ͬϳ˿ƪ˳跢Ͷ˷Ļᣬ̫֮ʱûٳֹһɹˡ
ģûʵķˡ
ȴͬһǿ󣬶Ҳ½ɷ硣һ޵֮˵ԵܽΪ޵á
ǫɫӣλʦҲû뵽˲ǧң;˰ɣϰ࣬һֱڷǿ
˶ѡ
ζдľˣǫǿСʿһʱЩ̼ȥ
ǫӿٷĵҲûþмַƵĺǰЩȡǵֶͬ
ѵΪȡλʦ治ɣѶԸһװϣȻҷӶࣿ
ǫɴԥһ·ŽУת׼¥
ڴʱȴͻȻžһתͷ㿴Сһֻƿ¶żܺ󷨺ۼ
ԭõ
ĳһ˲䣬ǫͻȻЩʦˡ
ǫ²۹²̧ۣקСβͣص뵽֮ڡ
Լûʲô˼ɵǰһٽ󷨵ķΧ


110 
ǫûǰ, ֻյͱСҧס·
ҧˣûôߡǫЩεԭض, ϸ۲
ϷŵɫĹâҲ֪ǲʱ˵Եʣ·
ǫһѰ˼, ˸˽ȥ, Ϲâһ, ֱ˽ȥǫۼ, ʱһ޴Ģһ
ǳ죬ǾؾЩСµĢ
Ϊ˷ֹ, ǫ˳¥תһȦ¥Ϻ֮ǰҲû̫
򿪵Ĵ, ǳĵطաϻһ޴©, ȥʱµġ
ǫС, ڶ¥ֱײһ, ʲôûз֡
ٻصһ, ǫȡ²żϵĴ, ʶУۿŴ߽Сʱ䲻, Ҫһ֤
ȵ߽󷨵, Ȼһ̰ȵش͵Ϥֵ, ܵĢȴ˻ߵġ
ǫ۾ü, ûðûо, ޷֪ոյĻǼǡ
ô׾ҵ˳ڰɣ
ڴʱ, һ𶯣ǫŲȲһͷ󷨵ССۼβؾס˷ǫ˻
ǫû˼οС߳ţԭ㰲ȵˮҲǵضɽҡһѵļơ
ǫɫһ䣬ͷһ۸Сһ䣺⡣漴һصˮſڡ
׺һС
ûȷǫǰһͼһǡüĿʣ֮һĿȴǰԡѪͬޡ
ǫһ£ӵƾмʮûмˡ
޵֮Ҳڿ¡Ƕ緽ǫԼģʾˣᡰϡƾǲͬ˵Ŀǰ
ǫʱǼƾģģɺƾǾ͡ϡˡҲʹƾΪʲôҪ⸱ģƾֻЦԴ
ΪʦϾ̫ţҪԵõ¸һ㡣ƾ˵ѹЩЦ⣬Ҳܷ㡣
̫ƽʢҪһЩġ
ƾȴòԳȫʢʱòŴӿսлɺô
ǫһֱŵ΢΢ͷǰϤİˣʦ𡣡
˴ǫȴֹסˣһʱ侹ǧﲻ֪Ӻ˵ĸоƾǵ˼̫Щ飬һʱȫ׷ӵӿ
ƾüɱδǫĿȴǿӲһֻһ˲ʵΣѹǰͷݲ̫֮ġֻҪͽڣȥҩˣˡ
ǫʦ˼ӰؼﶼѾȥռѾ졣ţǰץסƾǵֱۣСҵĳڣǿ߰ɡ
ƾɫԥ˵߻û£ͽߡ
ǫɴ۾ͷۣ㻹С
˵ͻȻͣڸӰпʦģʦʱֿ˭أ
ʦϲǿ˹ȥƬξܽطɿ¸Լһ
ǫʶˣֱȻεץƾǲšûи˼ʱ䣬糹Ťغսһţɹ½ɫ
ߡƾüͷһ壬׻ͽܵİΣҪһ̣ŷǫͼת˲֮ص˴⡣
صת統Уһ¥Ե÷ԣŵӰҲԵøͻ
ǫüӰ죬񲻾֮ǰſģо̫һ
Ȼ¹ţͳǰȴһаһۿȥаħ
ҵĺʦֶּˣ׷ôãôôžҪ𣿡
ҲһѽȴǾ裬һѰɭɭĹǽ
һǽзһɱŰΪܸܵĵǽ
ǸӦ˼῵ǫְ̧һͷȨĿصؿų衣
ڷǫİῸոŭֱȥ
Ҳ׷ܾáƾ̾һڸӰпټһ·׷˽ȴֳⷢĿǹȥԼǰɱһΪ
׷˼ʱҪֹƾǣȴվһ
ЦһĿڼϣ΢΢Цһ£赭д֪ǸʱҲлֺαܵط
ʱǫһתͷԱߵСþеģ
ͶѾˣɴûˣֻǸˡ
ǫͷһ£ջ߲ȥ
һ£ŬԼҡҡ׹ס
賷벽ھ棬𣿡
ӦǾ;ͬʱնµĽâ뽣ڣ齣֮ǰٶԴպϡ
ƾûпڣǫҲˣŻȥ
ԭͶѾԼˣΪĹѲԭǰι̵ԵʣͻȻԼƿȨһȻһ貵ľХҲײȥ
ɫƽֻ̨̧̧֡ĶȴǡãɵصһĹ
Ϊ
ǫͷ𾪣ƬǰǸ軹ɽΪѱƽ˵еˡͷƾǡƾһĻһ۱㷢ַǫҲһ޸õļ̌ܲ־ͽǫסһ˦
ǫֻһɾ漴β£ȦСһʱʲôֻһ죬ȻͻȻβסľѪĽ
ۼͣڷ˿ɹơɹǽ֮£ҲƤ˳ʹ͵һ£λסǫ
ƾҲĶġ豻Էɽ֮Ϊȴǹһߵһһ˳˦˴ڣߡ
ӴȻ˦ڣԭó̲Ŷԣֵؽ˽
Ҫ棬κε鶼֡ǵ󷨹âʤһ˲סˣת˲ʱҪûˡ
ʦ𣡡ǫԲԸ뿪תͷҪڡ
׹ʢҲߣ˭ߡ
Ĺǽ߸߾𣬼̶£ȴնϵ󷨡
һֻΪʿĿꡪɡеţֽƾԼвͻһơΪ˳ɣ̤ĸӰҵһ۵ĸӰһļ䡣
ӰԻصȥһδǧǰ̤ϵ֮·
Ӧˣˣ
ǽǡΪԼĿ̫꣬࣬ϧ¶Լʵˮ򣬱̫š
Ȼķ£һĳɵƣȴƾǣǸڵİº󱲶һ
ģ
Ŀʱȴضڼ῵ϣ¶һ˿ѪȴһɹʹáЩ׻Ǵǰǰ̫˳羴ʱﻰ⣬ǲ۲۵
ʧ裿ֻҪڴ˴ֻҪ
籬𣬵ƾǵסһ룬һȴʵʵؿ֮ϡ
ۿ󷨹âϨΏΣһѱסҪѵķǫ׵󷨹âС


111 
ؾ֮У½Ļײ˴ʦּ, ѧŷǫԭشת, ӷֺؾ֮в״, Ҳʵڸ㲻ǫΪʧ
ΪѾؾʲôֽšǴʦǲΣգ
һˣ½ļ١޴ػصԭʱһ
ʦ֣½æǰ, ʦַ
ǫ˫, ½Ѻ˫ۼǵһȻ, ȻſڱŻһѪ
½Ķʱһ, ץסǫҪΪʦ, û°ɣôˣ
ǫͷһƬŨصֽȭδǵǰĽƾǼᶨ赲ǰıӰҲ֪跨صǲü
ͷһ, ǫܿʶĻþԳΪ, Ϊ˽ǧǰ, Լļصȥ
ԴͷѾˣٽ뵽ͬһʷ, 븡Ӱ, Ҳҵƾǡ
һŻ, ġ֮ǰ, ƾĴ
ǫҲݵһ, ôһþС
ǫģֱŻ½, һַǫ, ܿ˵Ĳᡣ
ǫע⵽½ҰɫȥԼŻѪ½ЦЦû¡
˵űվ
ؾ֮û˳ѹƣǫѾɺܶࡣҪǻǾ뿪˵ء̫ÿһŶԼĻ𹩷ڣƾ⣬ֻҪ뿪ؾɵ֪
粻ȻݣȻһǲȫûûй̶ڵʱ򣬻һ취ƿıݣǰһ統С
ǹˣºܳһʱ䶼ԵټԼģҲʦ֮ǰغƮҡ磬غ̫š
ǫ̬ȶ֮󣬲ź֪һӵ
һ£ɼˣԣӦ˵Сӡһ
СദһĻĻǫ̲סüͷһ
ֱʱǫʶһԼ촽֪ǲǴΪӵԼʱ촽ӡԼĴϡ
Ǿһǣһƣ赭дƮ˹ȥ
Ӱʧ̫죬ڷǫûиףϵĻĳ˿Ϊ֮Ѿʧȥ˶ԷӰ
ʱٻǫȴ̲סһңϸһ˿
½ԷǫոµǿѪȻ£ʱǫĬæٴ̽һ鷽ǫͬʱʵʦ֣ǲոա
ûʲôǽһ˸ӰʦǸͷǫǱ½ק˻Щû̽˼Ҳ˲شɢˡǫ̾˿½ļ򣺡û£Ҳû£һ׼ȥ
½üԭѯʦںδǵʦֿ϶ԼĴ㣬ԥֻ֮ǵͷӦһá
ǫ뵢ʱ䣬ֻ뿪ؾܲ̽Ǳߵô£Ҳճϵص飬üһſҩԱ㾡ָ״̬˵ˣ
̫һ½ࡢҲΪӣԼڲ󿴵֣½ҲҲ
½ԣԷǫΡһüͷ΢΢𣺡СԭҲ̫ӣɱأʦһʮǰѱʦΪˣ
ǫĿζɢ鿴Щᡣδش½׳⣺֮ޱļأʲô򣿻Уûбõ齣
ǫʵúܿ졣½ǷӦѸ֮ˣһ²ȴӴȡһ齣˹ȥʦ֣ľأ
ˡǫģ漴
ǫȻ赭д½ȴ𾪷ǳ
齣ٷͬСɣѹִʦֻˣƬӰив֮¡
ʦֻͻȻᵽ裬Ҳйءϣ˼ʦֲµ⣬̾Ϣһж޼أʦ鷿Уƺµ򡣡
ŵȻٻճ񣬵Ҳżʦųɨ䣬ǱͷʱΪ˫̥֮һ½ûٱͷƾǵ鷿ȷǫϤ
ǫԼԼӡԴϵȻֻǲ֪Ϊʦûֱ١
ǫһ̫죬ֵǼͷһʱ侹ȻЩ
½ǫɫеĳ˵ʦʲôҪԽȥ
ǫ½ôصǸĵأȷʵǸõİ취ԥһ˵Ը⣬ҿ취
½Цˡ˫ӵü۱ͱ޶£һЦǫԼƺ½Ϊֹδ½Ѿ˵ʵС
Ȼ½˵ʦ㻹û˵ʲô¡
ǫ̾˿˵Ҫ̫죬һǷڲڡд棬ҡ
½ԥӦá
˶Ի֮䣬Ѿؾڡ
ǫûж̤֮˳ȥͬһʱ䣬һӭ
ǰһʣǫѽҵЩʿ׵ԺһϮȫ޷
ǫϾҲһסһɣԽ˵ֱǸЦ½ǽıʮֳ֣ˣಫǫռϷ磬ƾն˶ԷĹơ
ҵʿһˣɫҲһһѿǫܴйΪһнԾԲʲôܡǷǵɾֻǽ۷塣
ǻɾǽޣʵսǿһЩȫԽɱˡȻ˶ǽΪҲԪӤֶεˡ
ǰ˷ԪӤڣʲô츳ͻƽڲҲķʮ޵ԽԽΪ裬ÿһжر
֪ǫԪӤڵʿһ֡ҪɱһԪӤڵĽޣܲصĴۡ¾ǹؼʱ̣ʱս֮١
Ⱥʿ֮ΪһԪӤڵޣƲ֡ԥ󣬱ֱӻ·ɾҼҼ룬֪ɷ١
ƽʱ򣬷ǫҲȥһ⣬úһųơȫؾеɱĢֽɱԼ¡
ʦֵܱļΰȻԸ޹ؽҪ˷ʱ䡣
ɡǫشһʱ˳ֻӽնһ·½һԾϣߡ
ٶ̫죬ڿлһߣת۱ʧˡ
һʿյԪӤʿߣԥʵô죿
ԪӤʿŷǫ½뿪ķǫɫ䣬Ҳƺ˱һ㣺ȥ
תĿɱ֡ͬԪӤڣķ˽ĹŽͻƣⷽǫŲꣿֻһҵؾƾʲô


112 
գ֮뿪˾ݵؽ磬ʱպճϼ졣۳, ҫһƬ졣ƺ, ޵֮Ҳټ澰
ɴʱ˿, ϵȴ
ǫеĵѾѶճϣ֪ƾǻв״Ѿ˴롣ǵľݵһ, ֻҪ, ʱ
δջشУǰ黨ƹӵĵؾе̫, ʱӦῴ, µͷ, ȴԥ
촽ȻĳֻСʱҲ
ǫΪֻû̵Сʳ, δΪôŷǫͷ̲סһ
СӵԽԽĿŵˡ
ǲ֪Ϊ, ȴû̫, Σ˵
ָо̫΢, ǫְ̧һü, δ͵ʱϡ
ûԥ̫, Լ, ĳС̡ӦýСǱߴ˹ʦ֡
῵Щɳ, ǫһһ˵
, 㼾ܻΪ, Ҳ֪ǫʱʧ̬ǸƺĹϵ῵ƺЩ΢ͣΣ
ƽĵ÷ǫԼŵķӦЩЦδػҲߴ٣ĺصš
ǫѹǵ㲻ڣҲһӦҵѾûдˡأ񾳿ΣôΪҲƬӰУ
˵ЩŤվǵĸࡣǰЩ㺣˲㱻ûһķ
̲ס͵ЦһվƽȵֵУܵʬǸû̫á
Ǹʱʱ䣬粢ͬɫƽؿʬѰƵ䣺ǰԷ˾ͨ󷨣Ѿˡ
˵赭дǫüͷȴ𣺡ʲôطأ
῵˵ȫԼ츳ʲôʦű񣬵׾ļǿ㵽Ҳֻ̫˵ɫԺһЩѡҷǫһͨ󷨵ߡէһż῾󷨣ǫͷһ¡
ƺʲô쳣ǰɢˣƽȣ㲻عʲôȥ
һ˵ǫЩȲῴ˿͸͵ıϲǡῴʱԽǫֱǺ㡣οǰڸӰﻯΪΪʵʵ³һ
ٲɣ̫½ȥ㲻عȥ
˵ϵ῵ķԶɱСƬ̹ոǰ׳ľѱһƬ۵Ĳá
½Ⱥʱ
δọ̈̄Ҳһࡣֵǣܾôʦ뼾˵ʱ֡졣䵱ϼɢȥԼҴʦȻɫȻȴһ죬ͿĨϵ֬˼ƫˡ
ǧͷҲ֪ǿĻǼײ˱˹˵ѹ
̫һûзּ῵˼ǵʱҲûʱٿҲһԸġ
½ĬƬ̣¿˵ʦ֣Ҵۻ̫죬õһʱ䴫ʦ֡
ǫ˵ͷӦˡ
½ɽ׼뿪ʱȴסͷǫʦ֣̫ģûҪ׼ۣԸƽ˳졣
ǫһ£ŵĳһɢˡ
ôȥִһ⣬ûʦܻͨ͸ŤŤض̫Լˡ
ǫü̬һ俴羰òһƾ棬ɫˡ
л̧һӣı̫ˣһ·ǫͻȻԽµ㽡
½һЦֱ뿪

ƽжһΣǰֵѹȻʧʱ῱ҵµıǣֻǱǵָǾӪ
ȼΏصӪʱͣɸϽʹļ׵ѵֵܣͲ⼸˶նˡ
῵ĳּʱֵܵӵϲиеأѸǰ鿴ΰ£ˣ
ۿӵ־ҪĵԼϣῲɫزܿҲ֣֪ῶԼʲô֡ΏǾԵĴ¡ǴбԴϾġ塱ʧˣǿɾǰԴȥˡ
վͷֺݺݹֵһۣͷԼ´£ĩûˮ·дȻȹƽȵҲⲻҪһˮ·˵գûʲôˮ·飬һǡ
ءȽ˵꣬῱ضĻͷͷȣ֮˵ذȫǾƽȡˮ·ļӵҲխˮƽۿҲ󣬿д󴬣оѡ
һ¡ΪƽȲоˮ·ȴû뵽῾ѽˮ·˽ʱ˵оݣҲֻܵͷƽС
Ϊ˱£˽ʿأȻһ˵ʲôûƺͼǰ
ˣδȥѲӡƼῴӰҡҡλεģȻʲô˼ǡŽһʱ̻ز˫һǰ뼾῱ȼ硣
ƻǵƽһ
ѭȥȴֻ֮ҵ޴ֵܡ뼾ΰԲӰֵҲֻԼǵǰͻȻϮ֮ʧˣΨܷƽ˽һҹ֮󣬱˻صӪ췣ĳˡ
˼ؿżΰҡʵ£ƽп
ῶ˵Ľ䱸ǿڹģȻҲ̫ˣҲû˵ԼܹΪ£ˣûˡ
ҡҡȣÿɷȴҲδºʲôΣգ˵ʦֽ㽻ңұӦ֤İΣģȴվ
Դ˼῵ȷһֶЩ죬ұ͵һʱա
ƶԴ̫⣬űῼ˵˴ʦ֡
Ŷü΢΢һ漴չ뷽ǫ˵ǫҲ󷨡Ȼ῰ȻʦҲضû¡漴Ŀͣڼ῵ϡ
ʵ῱ֵúἰʱÿĶ¶ĻϲͲôױסġȣϲ
Ȼתͷƣǵһֱ׵仰ˡ
ȻûлشҲѾɫп˴𰸣̲ס̾һȴҲ֪һΪ˭̾ġ
ϲ˭ãôƫƫϲ
ʱЦ˳һЦ綬ѩڡľֻҲϲ


113 
ƽȷǱҷĺȥǲ֪˭ĵȻѺ֮ϡǿ, Ǹ۷ɾס, Сط, мôĽʿҲС
ֻϧ̴죬ȴû뵽ǫ뼾ڻþ, ˫˫ԪӤ, ƽȲʿҲ˼῵Ľ¡µආ, ҲֻʹЩʯ֮ӲĽɻ, ЩС֮С
˳شƽ, ǰ޵ؽ硣
ӸĽ, ﲢһֱɵ۱֮磬ɽƮҡҲӰ첻ĸƽ
ǽߵĳĴĶ֬ۺ;, Ƿ仰¡
һֻذ׵, ̯ȡһ⻰ϵǱǵ, һɵɾ
ҲǷ仰Ǵһλ, һȴȽ, дԼʦʦ֮ġ𡱡
Цһ, һŻһžƺⲽ߹֡
߹ʱ, ֵߵĴδ, ʻ¥˵ߡ
д󵨵Ĺֱٴ, 
̧ͷüۼ価Ц, һЦ˼䴺ɫһ·Цݱȥ
ˣл⣬ϧˣһõ

ޣ¶Ũ
¶Ũһ̷Ӷǳгǽӹߵһһ¥ÿƻ裬Сƻ貣ͬ¶ŨհҲƯչչɻơС¥дݺݺ֣òÿ·ӵġ
¶Ũ⸱ģҲ䷻йءΪչhߵ¶ŨչhΪŲ¥ÿһ㶼һɫĴء
չhˣǱÿһΪݵһˡֻǲ𣬱ԪӤΪʹһѾų߳죬⾻ؾǧ
չhƽʱǲ¶Ũģݣʲô˶öղͬ¶ŨδƣŲ¥¶ŨǾλݣ˸ǧĻЦΧϡ
չhĿЩŭ⣬ȴĳ辢ǲ׼ҽղ⸱ģˣ
¶Ũ¥ݵһ̬ĲˣǴɾǫŵЦԴЩΣչ⻰ɾʧˡիԡѬ·дţҿɶһһˣˣ֮˵
˵ǫЩź̾ϢһҪα鷳ֱõ
ǫδ˵꣬һŮӱЦϸָţ赭÷һѩӻģҪ֣ЩԷŽƵҶд˼h㣬Сӻǲ֪ôʲӵĵ
һŲ¥϶һƬ𿳪ЦλƽòŮӲ֪էչh˸ƯֶʵòˣԽԽϲ
ƽʱչhƣ֪ǫ˺ҲЩź漴ɴ൱˷ǫıһƱ˺ҵΪ߻α֮£˷ǫࡣ
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⵹ǲ˰ɣҲǡǫһܿЩǿǣ֣˧ֱȽϡ
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῵һ۵ĺ, ȴʶһ϶, Ū˷ǫ, ûǶ޵ùͷõ廨, ֱӽ˻УԸ⡣
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ǫŻȻ⻹кܶΧ۵ˣ̧һЦӼΏ˳˳ֽǶʺõ廨ޱߡ
չh״İƣʻ̾͵·˲ɢ˿ֱ˳صеˡ
ˣһͷʻһȱЩΡǫʵûסЦǵ컵˲䱻ٵһֲʣ
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˵չh˽⣬չ̿϶ǹġ
չhʵҲû沢ǺʵԼѵ͹٣䣬Ƚɡ
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ǫĵǵŤɢ֮󣬺֪طӦԼҲмҵˡȻЩ⣬ǫôֱ῵֣߽¶ŨС
һֵǧ𣬺αԷ硣
ȻȻظȥȴչhס˶ק˻ҹ¶ŨֻӴһˣԣطסɡ
Ƶɴ۾ŵصɴ۾չ㲻Ŀŵƫģ
չhһЦֱ㣬˭㲻Ǹ쵰ͽء
Զԣֻ΢Ц

¶Ũڣʻ̵أһ·ǰӯǡ
üͷ΢΢һ۽ǺܿȾɫԴӾ֮ζУζдĳɷ֣ԷǫƺûӰ졣
ҲǴʦµģ˼ػͷһۣ¶ŨŻպϣ޵Ůע⵽῵һü΢
Сҵϱɲ̫ѹӡ
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ЩҩԲңһİ֮˵˵ҩһԭ۾ʯ̨ϣ¶ˮĵطǿסǡ
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ŮչhҹɫʣֻΪһأȴʹܿĿ˵ģ治㻨
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ʦһ̫̣Լ̫Ӳ
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ƷȣչhɫʮǴǰҲͰˣͲ̫ƽʱ׹ˡ
չhҡҡͷǳػˮվǲ̫һ
˵չhͣסƴ뿪ʦţڲã̫ǸʲôҲ֪˵ʦˡǲʵ顣
չhҲɫʱҲ̫ɽѩеһ֧÷Ҳʱ̫ԱڶΧţѱ֣޷⡣ѷĽգ̫һͷ嫺޾ٳʭȴ̫쾨䡣
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ǱѾûпˡģֻΪһ˰εһҲ̫Զˡ
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ӵݱв², Ҳʵˡд˵츳ԵģΨɾһ˶ˡ
ɾɫȴÿ
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Ҫ˵ģȻ̸ϣϾҲǿհ֮Լѡġ
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ǫȴļƽԼʦܵܣɴ۾ˮУ˵ҿɲ⡭һֻϹޣ
ῳĬһ£˵Ҳһ
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116 
нʿȶ, ֮, СʱƷȴʿͿԱ˷׷뽭ˮգۼ㱻ûˮһƬȵ֣ÿһͷȥ, ЩֱһЩ
ǫ޷Ƭˮ粨, ֻõͿշ, ܾһһ뽭ˮ۾Ľʿֻһɾ, Ǿʪˮ棬߸˦
˵ײϼװʱԼĹͷҪײˣǻ˵, ûĻᡣ
зǫʿ䣬ʿҲ׷׾ˡΨڼװϡҲֽЩ˦ʿŽˮ籩ˮһƬ, ·޾Ԩһ㡣һƬӰü῱ܼɵ
ؼĴڡ㼾Ώֻһ, ˼ɵģֻпϹޡ
ʱ, ǿҲ˳ʷ̨ص, ҲǿĻԵʹǧڵһѪǧٴᴿ, Ҳˡ, 㺱ˡ
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ӼͷȥʱԱɾڴʱ͵ۼܵľͻȻ䰫𾪲ѡڽʿʿһ㸡ˮ棬޴޿һţܱߵС˳룬ĿС
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ƴȫǫΪȻߣҪƾ޴򣬲㣬Ҿ޴³ˮУҲһһյĸо
Ĳ籩һ£뷽ǫϿҩԭῴģԼྵĸࡣ֮Уûж꣬ת˲֮ʪʮǱ
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ǫԻһɨƣ֮ɫûиκεػشӰֱʧԭ
ȻߴֻȴҲ첻ٶȣûκ׷ϵĺۼȻס˴㡣
Ŵһ·оˮ򣬷ǫȴУնһ·⡣Ȼʱһգ۹ţӣͫѱɽƵһߡ
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ܿ죬ƻش֮ǰһըѵ
ͷȻʵʯԭֻذ˵ĴֻôһȻʹ޴ǳкϣٶһ·ǰУȴȫ֮ʱ۹ܵʯȻ飬Ҳ
ӱͼЩʯʱ֮ǰƬˮѾãλɾ͵δۿϵļʿߣҲ٣۱
ʱȻû˱꣬ģѹ˵ͷҲһЩ
ڽӿһʯǲƴֵʱ򣬴޳ǰ˲ʣҲظҩʿ໥ӦҩʱҲ˸߰˰ˡֻԱʧ٣һֱ˵ͷ֮ȥ
򾩳ʻһΣӱԶԶӵӰӡ
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ԷҲСΪϣӶʱϵ˽зͬʱͣêݴ͡ȻԷ޴֮ĻһƬļ꣬ʿ߶µ׻
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ڲǼƽЩʱ
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ǳر߹ءս浱ܵģĶðСͿ裡
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117 
ҹʱ, ʤȴѾͣˣͳؿҪ͸
ԭֻҪʱסֻޱŻ뿪, ǲ֮ԼҲԣһʱͣ
, ͷ
ͷ޴, ǫ״̬Ҳѻָ˴롣ʱһһս, ǫûԹս, ʱǺʵʱֱӼս֣ҲǫϹۡڱԲӦ, ɧŴĽ
ɱ, ƺѸӵӦ, Ȼ㲢ռ, ת䡣
䲻ܻΪˣѿǡʱһ붼ڳ˯жɹϡ, ֻҪ˯, ٰݸҲʲô¡
ǿƻѣӺƬСҲ̳, һ˼, ȴôһƿȨԼŻõֶ, һʱҲս
ϻиСӬƵĵԪӤʿʱʱԼһ
, Ϲ޾һ·, ȻҲʱơ̵ĴԼˣô㶼ǵòʧΪһ޵ᴿѪĻᣬͼӲ⡣
ɾʱͻȻһ
죬ңԶȴǽڶߡ
Ƕʱȥһͣ٣˼뷽ǫһǹȻˮС
ǫŽˮĹΣͷһüͷʱȥˡ
ǣ˾ȻΥԣӲҪ뼾Ὼȥԭʼﲻʲô֮˵ǣǴ˾ȻǱ˲ٿصˡ
ǰõ֤޵ǱȦġ
̫һУݳޣȴҲδܿƴ޵ֶΡ
ʯ֮䣬ſҧס޵β͡
ܵƵޣ˸ոյȴ쳣׺һɷسǰ
ǫûͣ٣Խһһŵķжȥȥһ򲻹ⷢĴ⣬嵽Ǳߣս֮²֪ɶ

ҹУ޴ȼգ˿ˮ澿ǱʲôıɫڵзսѽսǾ޴Ŀ̫һ㣬˽ӵϣֱӿʼս
ɱͷʱЩˮսһ·һ·ĺҾ´Ĺ£Ѫ⡣ʿڼװ֮Ͽƴɱ
Σ״ܵ˹佫Ҳɼһߡ
ǫδսֵУ״£ǰȻǸ˵һǧ˰ٵ·Ļ˵ںľ˰ɡǣЩ׽ɱʿʿ
һѾʿԵ㡣
ǵվһԴͷǫü˫С
ȼյʱʱֵˮӿӵʿǵĲҽΪԼ׳ĺ
˵ǫȴɣЩԼĶ˹ȥٴβ׽һ˿翵ĵ
ҵˣǫ۾ûκγɣֱӽʶ̽һսĴյС
ʶ̽ʱͬ̽ӵУһƬã
ǫʶ֮ǰֱϵ漴ֱӳնһ򴬲ա
սֽţϲֻһˡǴϲʿʿû뵽ͻȻһ֡
ȻûվͱܽӰǵȷʵһ˲
㹻ˡ
ǫûԥֱյСϽ̴棬һ·ûͼȴûס
ûеƻҲûд֮ЩʿҲֻеصܡʶ̽ʱĸоһ·һƬء
ǫŲһ٣Ӵ淭һյû۵ȼۺƶڸӰʱӽеģû뵽ȻĴ˳
ĵصƹŴգ⴬ڽУˮȴһذˮϢС
Ǳϲ̫õʱ䣬ǫûгɵؿ첽˽ȥ
˵ܹƽԴڻǹĺˣýΪڡ
ֻȻôҲѪ˭ڿƣܿ˴𰸡
ҴĴղ󣬷ǫܿߵͷһ㿴ƽƽ棬ûз쳣ĵط
Ӧû²Ŷԣǫһ˼ٴ˽Ȼûնȥڽҵƿľ塣
ǫΪźնǰƿ֮һµ¥ݡ
ʱڱţǫ˿ȥ
û·ŵһɺˮζ
ķΧǿܹӳճ·ģŴ·Ȼһ˶ĳӣǴӵġˡˮصС
Ųǡˡܾͷ˹ȻһʮСŮ
˵ŮҲ׼ȷŮƬϸ׵ĲȻһƬϵĻù⡣
°ˮУȽδ֣ϰؽسһĩȴЩ˽ŵӡӦϸƤϲһһ˰Ѫ衣
㣿ˣǫһ£ȴֱЩԣ˵һòŮʵû취ϵ
ҵһ
ͬʱǫһ£ʶ࿪ͬʱһովط֮£еҲһϨˡ
ǫʱûзֽﻹһڣҲԪӤϵΪ
һƬڰ֮£ˮеþšִ
ǫ齣նĻһƬɫȴǶˮеĹ
һն֮ǰǹֱܾˮС
ǫʹ˾һʱֱնˮгѣĿһʼֻһǾͻٵѵӡ
ɫ΢䣬ֵȥǫͬʱСﾪһβ½ӾС
ǫûиᣬǰһҲһСȻأԴ棬ֱӴ̵ӱ档
ӦѺۡ
Сܾ뺣ˮУǵҲһ㶣漴Ҫǫնɱ
ȱ˳ѵӰ죬ǫżа취㣬㲻ר־ضԿǰĵ͡
͵ĵǿ󿪴֮ȫ󾢶ֹ˼ȴʺԵСڰҲϤĻ£ǷǫһʱҲʮಽ
⴬ƺ󷨣µ͵ĵҲû˵ܡ
ǫ˵ʮʱܵȻˡɽ೤һ·ƿ˵ܲ͸ĵƶ
ǵ͵ɫڳϸ΢ı仯תӦһУһѪӺ˳ȴδ£ֱӲˮУǲؽˮеСﲻ֪ʱҲ˳Ͳڵ͵ı
ǫµƣſ嵶͵ܲĻۣһ˫۾ȴ⵶͵ĺ
ǫһͻȻһ̫Ĳ²⡣


118 ź
ʲô֣ǫ˻¥ݿ, һԽԶľ롣
ûлشĿڷǫϣһƥ˵๷ǫһѾķθ͵ĺҲ, ÿһϢƺѪĭ
似Զǰˣû˿, ֻҪǫ뿿, ʱಫ
ǫҲûɶǰ˿ơֻҪˮеŮٿش, ĿıѾﵽȲֱ, ΢΢ЦŻ֮ĵ⣺λŮ
͵΢΢鴤һ£׹ɾͬʱ, 춯, ˵ʲôŮ̽ͷ, ǵŵ͵ıӰ
ȻҲһ, ȴδͷǲɫƿһס˷ǫߡ
ǫ֪ԼĲ²޼˶, СĵزԼĿ¶ʲô֮Ҳ˺ֻ, ԼŮһֱⰵյĵط
Ȼǲãûһ׵Ůݿࡣ
ʲô취
ԿܱûҪǿ
Ůشˮ, ο, ŵҲ΢΢һɡжԷǫĽ䱸δȫҲȷʵЩʱڿӦ, ߡ
͵ִ, ·Ѿܾû˵
ȫûйĵط, ߸һȻҲû취˵ŮҲ֪λڵġ
ǫԽ룬Խȴ͵һ֮ϵһѪֻס
޵ײ̫ǫںһ±㻻һ˵
ǫȻί񣬵´ڵϵһѵ棬˷ǫĻҲ¶ɫ
ǫһ£ʵ˵ԭ˼Щҵ˿ʲôط˺ϣĥĲ˲
ǿ˵ı⡭ɣѵֻģ
ǫ˼άⷢɢһ£ԼŵԼ
ɷǫһ仰ǰиµĽ䱸ʱŨüô
ǫһ£֪ʹŮͼҲЩʧЦǰǾǸۣ˿ȴемԼ֪ȣҶûд⣬̨֪û˵ҵ֡
̫ӷǫ档
ǫ仰ںǵЩɻ󣬵ڴκ󣬴ѡţϵѪֻ޸Ӵ⣬СԸ
ǫݸ֪ңҲӦ֪̫ӲѪɱ֮ͽ
ǰ棬һǻʲôֵֹķӡǫͻȻ࣬ŹΪһˣЧӻ᲻ҲͬԵɡ
Ҳڴϣÿʱ֪
ѶǫʵԸԸһ̫죿
̫ǵһɣܹŮϾʲô£Ҳδ֪
ȴᵶǸŮƻ壬ŮѾȫطǲ֪̫ԼŮðա
ֻܾܾ
ȴֻܻһˡ
ˡǫ̾һŵƷ˳ȥ˸Ҳʵȥһ׺һӡ
ֱǫıӰʧͲ˿ȻˮС
ŮһæǱˮ½˳
֮ǰСŮЦһ¡غ£ֻҪţһڣϾܹ˺

ǫ߳װʱϸꡣ
սδЪȴͼ῵ټǵֹ֮ͣ󣬼῱㽫˿
ǫ˿֮࣬ҲЩġǰδһǣҶǹܹĽߣ᲻ãҪԼҲһȥˡ
ôһ뷽ǫ־ЩЦδٹܽߵս£գ֮ʧԭء
ǫԴӺͼ֮ͨ󣬵ϿԼӦԷķλδ̫Զ㿴ԡѪļٿڽ֮ϣѾ㡣
Ӧһ㣬Ҳڵһʱعͷǫнɫͫδָһ¶սͷâ
ûȼһĶͻȻǫֱסһ£͵ؽӲʶ˵Էֺֻǫڶߣû¾ͺá
ۿӵһȷ֣죬һ̾ͱһҩ
̧ۿˣüۼЦ⣬Ŀɬܿ㻯Ϊ˸
ڶݵӵ󣬼Ώһɾѣŷǫͳص󴬣·Ϸǫ㡣
ˡ῿һˮ֮£ʵûҴǵĵˡ˼ά򵥣Σַ񣬱ԱȴΪйǺⲻԼڵһλ
ǫȻص˵ͷһ̧۱㿴ǵҴ󴬡ǲܵнҲǵ֪ʧȥ޵Ԯʤ޼ֱˡ
װϺ˵ʿ
ҲվڼװϣһεЩɱ۵ĺǣ򵽺ڴϵĲʣȴʵء
ֻǻصϣҡҷˮЩδëֻ֪ˣ̯ŵ˿Żôࡣ
῰ȻػŻ˿ֻ޴ĺޣһʱҲЩζӳ¡
˵ĶԣȷʵѡһʼЮ뷨񼸺ѾĥɾˣٶԼῸ˼־ηӡ
ľǿҲǱܡ
Ļ˵ڰ꼾֮ʱ﷫𺽡
Ӳ޵ǧ˲һ·̣ÿȴδһӺڴ

ʮ·˪
һѩʱǫһͷɫİλƵȥѩӨѩϲһͻһС̲ˮ
̫ųƮѩⱾ׿ķ羰һ̫࣬ѩҲƺܾûпˡ
ῲڷǫߣⲻɨѩ̲סЩΣɫиᡣȵѩ˷ǫͷʱһɨȥһƬѩס
е˲ܺȴ̲סġ
˵ӦǰںĽأƫԴӺʹʦȷ⣬СӾͬ⣬ڵأ޲ʱʱ̵̿ճԼʦϡ
ϵĸ׳ƺֵȻҲõϢֻǷǫͼ῵̫⣬Ҳ˵ʲô
ۿ̫֮΢Ҳֻͼһ¡κѶԼῺôԭȨи˼ȴ뻤һˣֶԲأֻһزˡ
ҲδҪء
½źǰⳡѩһ͹ģźǳǱ顣
͸ӰеǱ𣬱ĺܺáǫڷһҳʱסüݲ̫Ծԭ
ǲ̫ڵ˭͵أѵǳԼɣ
ûеȷǫⱾ飬ַһ£òжԼ˼
ΪʰھͻȻˡ


119 
ǫ֪ʱ, С¯ǰС, ̿³ľ㡣
Ȼ, Ȼ, ʹطĽ档
㡭ǫʻ, طһɣǫûٳֵڶ, ļ῱㶯ˣһֻ֣ط㱻῵ѹƵýʵʵ, á
С¯ӳů, طһ˫˫ԵΪ, ȴ֪ŭ򱯡Ŀ, 󾹻һ, ʰʰɫҰ׺, üһֱѪѾ˺ɫ衣
ǷǫһֹˮΪ֮Ҳͷһ𣺡ô£
طֻŭ뼾, 
ῳǰ, һ̽ӱ֪ʰʰڳȥ, ɶԵ¾ֶо޴Ӱ졣ֿط㣺㻳ģ
طڿ˵²ҷֿƬ̱㱻°ɱ, лк֪֮´˶֣
ɱǫЩϧ, , ľƿǺȲȥ, ϧո̺õľƣⲻҲԼ˾;ñ֣
طνˡǼ˼, Ҳо÷ǫĲ볰
ط㲢ǵ͵ߣһݣҪʵӦǴӵʿˣط㱾ûмŵĵֻΪɱߵΪЩµģΨм뷽ǫ
Բطãڰ̳һ
˵ɱģ˵ġ
ʱӵ˱ҴҸʱǫѽʰʬ״طıϽڷƽ롣ط򱻼ʱ̱عһԡ
ɰȻӣٲҲΪǰĳ롣Ӿ뾩ֻʣؿɰȴƫƫ˿Ҫִﾩǰ·ϡ
ʱ
˾ɱˣǺΪֵ˼ˡֵûɵģȻеˡ
ֻһֱ˵ָܺɣͱܿˡ
ǺǸϣһһˣͬ¡ǴµſֵͣĻࡣ
̶̼Ϣʱ䣬ǫֵĿһ顣ӴʱʰʬҲ̬ԡ
㻤ûҲԣҪ֪ԼôİɣǫͷҲ̧˵꣬üߡѹطỳɵԼϣɰǱһģַɾ䣬˿Χ˵ĺۼնֱʡ
̫ԩˡǫεع±ӡ
ԩԩȷһߣһһֱԻҪ뾩Ϊɣеһ·ĵЧ·нɱǷɱʣµüı
ֱɰһһжͬˣ֪ǻӣǵʥϵĵһӣʳɰ
ڳС
ôͽɱԱɹɱ¾
Ҳܿͨ˴йؼšü˵رһǲϡ
ҡȿЦҡͷ²̫׵
ʧȥ˵ķߣڱ߹صĽʿүҲʳ⻼УۿҪ»֡
һѾϵĻаɽ򱱾ٶԶĿ죬Ѿ쵽˾ܵؽ硣
ûε⣬ǱԽĽڣǶӱ֡
ϧûƻԶҲȲϱ仯졣
Ʋûе̷Ӳ޳֮ɰºһˣһҲǱǵİȫ
ϧɰ֪ˡ
ѵС˾Ǳ˽ûзǵ£߱С˾߲ʮ˶ѣһһܣܵɱһδЩ֡
ȥǫǻλЦĵϡ
ط㱻ʿѹȥʱǫͻȻסԷλϵɻý
طһ£Ƭ֮˵ڳ㣬δý
áδڲᣬһˡ
ˣֻһһ῱ȥͽӡƵһֶͬԲߣҲöԽ׼
뿪Ժ󣬷ǫҲûšмȻѾ˲²⣬ȥˡһ֪Ӫڣ˹ȥ
ǴӵſͣŵӪʾɰΧǰ˲
ǫͼ῵ĹϵĽʿȻûطȥ
ϴʱ֮¸Լ̸źӣһؿͷҲ̧˵ɾ
ǫ˳϶棬ʶֻ֣սţڰɱѷѽ⡣
Ŷ÷񣬷ǫջ̽˵һλˡ
϶ͣ£漴һͬҵ˻һ㣬ԭսһۿȣϴЦá
ĪǷ˻ħˣɰӣҲ㿪İɣ
̧ͷһãʵɾո˵ʲô
ǫΣ̫ͶѹûԼ˵ʲôֻظ˵ɰıˡ
Ϊǫ𣬺֪̾ɾΪƶɣ
ǫôõģֱܲ׵˵ΪΣ¨гְϷСмȻ·ʧأǱؿһƬսļƣͬʱʵûǺΪ
⡭ƶδ뿪ӪʣҲ޴ӵ֪ϱöУ˵ʱʶִûаԥճȥ
ǫһۣӽϣһӾֱɱ˸ոѳֵĵطӵдŽɱ
һ£ʱսͣǲͣġԥƬִ̱壬õȴǽ⣬ǵܷţǧ
ǫӺֻܿأʱɱµ˿ºֶܹܶ࣬ɹȴ޼ûѡ
ϲŲæ壬ҲŲæػش𣺡ƶһɡ
һöµӣЦЦؼ˵ʵˣѩǵ޳һһԶһ̫塢ճϣɾһÿ˵ͬ÷ȻҲͬ
ǫĿֻһһϵ׻᲻ʹӶԾ񣬿жȷʵһǿĶ֣Ҳȷʵʹ
ѾǫһƬңӳĬΣֱ׵ϣ䣬²
˵˳ȥʱѩ磬ɫΡһǣֻ·ȴôˡ
Щϧؿ̣İӷѾɱһѪ·
ѵãϧоˡ


120 ;
ʰһõİ취ض, ط㱳ʬ, ĵسֽӪһھдֻг, 򻹿¾, ǫ֮ԼǼ˾Ȼˡ
ºȻر, ֶΡ뽯ӡһ̸Ҳֻ, ӿоٶȣֳһʱӦ֮⣬
ҡҲ, ̾һصĿŵȥƹ, һԱǼһ£
һ, ױнʿӻǺôͳĻ, Դ, Բ˳, ƾʲô
ƿЦһ£ֻǿЦѡ
˵ʱǫƿ˽òͷˣ˾, ı䲻ʵ, Ҳá
ʱǫ߽, һ, ٰ಻ס, һǫ, Ȼס֣ʦ֡
Ȼ, ˴˵سԼ, һȺֲүǡ
˵Ĺϵڳ˵ܣ˵棬ǫƤٺҲЩڡ㲻ڣƿԼСǸûȴѱͱ˺ı
һ˲ʵֻΪ˸һĻһ˶ϲͺˣαطķ֡
һ̾ʵ㽻ȥףʳҲš
ôһ˵ǺӾ͸ãˣǻʲô
Щͷ۵طе˼άֱܴ֡˼δ̻Уı֮δ̫ۣܹǵġϱεرıҪи
ǫ׵λãֱʱſ˵ΣֲھС
ۿ˼ȻҪʱ䣬ûҪȥİ˵·顣

ʰһ·͵ıԤ뵱ҪĶ࣬ӱյǴš
࣬˵ɺǲڻ¡һֽͽ῵ĳʱǫ˳ֽӹһˡ
żʱĹ򣬾Ѿ׼ɱˣһֽ鲢ïϭģλ³çǵĴݳʵ˫ļߣʹ˵سôӷǰ׽ʱЮʰ䱻Ю֣ȴһҵǣϾͷձ
ǫ·ֿĸо
ڷǫĶ棬ŷǫϵֻȥ̾ƣֱ߻һ飬ЩΣʼҵķӦɹ졯ġ
ھôܱ꣬˿ӣıƻǱҪˡûͻȻĳɱǫ̵ĺȵ
üЦô߰˵˭֪һ
ʱܵĴˣ˵Ҫһݲ죬˽ȴҪĶࡣ
ƵĻ䣬῾һƿС߰㡱˵ǵˡࡣ
ǫľƸպֳ꣬һʵʦȾ𣿡
һ±˵ɮɺЦ˵лʩǲˡ
ǫҲֻǺϹһ£˵ʱǱƾѾͻԼߣ˺ĻȻһ»ϵ𣿡
һ£ɾγԣڳУһһ˼أܺ͵ϵ
طкܶࡣǫ𰸲Ϊ⣬춢Ŷˣ;ϵʲô
ĬƬֱ̲˵˵һ£ġ
ԭϵǫһ̾ƣôˣ
ĪָָԼңָ֮ڷǫߵļΰͳ˧ѵӦù𣿡
ǫžƣ˿˵ĺӣƾʲô
ῺЦڷǫߣԲֻʵصϰõĻǫ¾ƣȻһСĸо
ԶԣתͷüĿĺ࣬Ϊ˺ͷǫ˿ЦʵڲֵʦǽµѶ֪ͨˣ
һЦеõƶɮ֪ͨҲδ̫С῵£ڼλĿеĵλˡ
Ұģ߱ʧ¸Щں˶ûҲͰˡƫƫУͺǲһ
һ·µ˳ӦƣҲѾ½ԾЩ˵῵ĴڱЩвҪöࡣ
ʳѰ
ǫͷһھƣʼ飬Ѫˣк޲ý֮ĳޡ
ȷʵģԽٽܣԽְĸоŽӹǫľƸһڡ⼸УơƧô߳˴ʦ֮⣬Ҳֻʣš
ȴˣЩ̫ȴҲ̫Զ̫ʧ˾У̫Զ£ġ
Ⲣϲ̫ʱٽСԺÿεıǴʦ̤¶ʱ̡
ȤĶࡣ
ǫûע⼾῵ǧ˿п֮¿ࣺУ㻹븴һ𣿡
ŷĶһ٣ɾ޹ء
ɱҵˣȴƫƫڿֱ׵
޽ϵĴֻпһˡǫĿ˵˵ʵ׼ȷǲ˲
Ϊϻص˼ĺǰ𣿡
ӷ𡣡һţ漴һЦ˵Կ࣬Ҳѡ񡣡
ǫɫ΢ѡ񡣡
ຬЦ
ôҲŲµ˷ǫͺΪΣ̲סʵ˼Ϊʲô
ҡҡͷҲңҲˡ
ǫں໰ͻȻ˵ˣ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬̧ͷǫɾ˵ϢҲԣ̫졭
ǫü鵱ڻУ
Ժţδش
˵⣬Ȼ£оǺΪǫԼ˾ع˻
಻ȥЩ£ɫҲһЩͣƬ̣˵ʩ̽һ£ʱʲô
һ㷽ǫձ̽ˣʰפУ֮⻹ɵʰߵĳҲһ֮¡
طĹʣʱֻϵʱѾˡ
ĪǴĲɣôô׼ȷʰеʱ䣿
뿪֮󣬷ǫֱ߳飬ȥǼ¼ӳ١ҳʱѾ²⵽Ȿʦƾġġ
ûԼõ壬ϸ΢Լϰߡ
ʦǺǸгô᳭¼飬ԭ񡭡ڻУ
ǵĻҲӦȨ˵С
Ҳǵı¡


121 
ɱʰֻδҵ, ͳʧȥ˺󾹵ҳԴɱǫһٶطȻһԷŲܵ
һ󣬽ԭʰһ, ˼ڵʿڳԣΪطƶΡ
ǫһƣһĳСʱطȶ, У̶գ˺üȦϵ㲸Ǵдġǫ죬˫ۣغ̶, Һ
ǫЦЦݵĶ桪ǰʰλáط۽΢΢һ£û˵ʲô
ǫ֪ʰȹлӵϰ, ˼βҵľƱ, ȡֻط㿴ŷǫ͵ǰľƱ, һ
ѾĸоΣ
ط·𿴼Ʊзһ˿Ƭ̺Ż̧ͷȻ˫˫, ŷǫɻҲûСѵ촽΢΢Ҷ
˲ʧ»ͻƽơ˵, ǡɱҲ, ⸱ҪҲ, Ϸ
ǫ, ·ûע⵽طȻֵһĨ׹, ǰ㣬Ӧø֪סǾûпͻƵġ
ˣеĻǧοȺȥġˡ
طȥ·ǫĻ
ǫЦЦƱطȥһЩѾתˣû壬Ⱥһůůӡ
طƬֶ̣Ǳƣ˲ɱġ
ǫȴûнӻ˵ʰ߿ȱľǱĻӵߣرһǵģ
طûжֻžƱֱ
ǫɫջĿ⣺㲢Ϊڵ𣿡
ط촽ĺܽûлش
Ҳ˸׼ǫӪʵУֿ
ˡ
ǫΪ̫ߣῶ̫졣Լعؿȴ赲һ룬գۣѾˡ
ȴδɡ֮ʧȥһε
طֱȥһھơ¹ľƣ̸ǫȵĶƣֻһմطϱȾһΣǺʱ֪ģ
ǰȥвʣ֪Ҳ֪ʮǰ֮Ÿʰߡ
ط̾һЦ̫Ųմ£Ҳֻ˵˵ѡʮǰ¶ڵóкҰģ
˵ţط¶˳ŪЦݣҲʡϾλ¶ߡ̫ʲôȻҡ
ǫһ£û뵽һ㡣ԼصʦʲôʱֳʲôĿ͸еġ漴Լ䲻ʦƾһ磬ǫȻˡ
ȻУô治֪¡
Ϊطһƣ̫ȷʵմ£ԸҪ֪ʲôʲôáҪ֪ɿɲ
ԷǫⷬͣطȻȫţݣû׷һ룬Ҳûаָϵ
ĻֻǾеλСŹһ⡭Ŀ
ʵǰ⸱ӡ˵λľطƽҲƺЩǰҲǻˡʥϽɵߣҪҲбʱúԼĳӵġ
ϧǻġʰǰȻϻۣޣǵЩҪʴһˣĳЩ˵ֱ練ơʰҰģȴʧ֪֮Խ£Խ֤ԼΪֹԽԵüꡣ
ʥ϶ЩҲʧᷳ
Щط֪ġԶǵãʱ緢ʰЦǰҫۣ˵úýһһ֪ףҪ֪ǲյǸˡ
һʼ֪ԼǱµߣȴ޽ٵؽԼ˺ʮ꣬Ҳ޼䡣
Ҫβһ˵ˣ
һӺ󣬷ǫ뿪һ˳ݡ
ʼҸɱӡɱϰΪ缾Գ㱻ʼҵ˹Լ֣Ѫֽ
뵽ڵ֮󣬲ȻˡӿԭλǸ˲Ӧú޶Ŷԡ
ưžеȥ飬ûвصĶǲ鵽طʮǰܵʥ֮Ÿʰߡ
˽ʰˣԼ֡˵ɱˣ֮ûзһɱ
ඥһ㣬ԭô벻ͨĵһӻȻˡ
ǫվ⣬յĴѩܵ׺һƬסͷһ̾һԱߵİпǰߡ
ڣط㿴Լ˫֡ڷǫҿһ˲䣬ûһɾ
ûж֣Ѿû취ٶˡ
Ȼǰ治ǾͺúûŰɡǫ³ʱطļ򣺡ʣµľͽʱɣʱ˽
һʱطôҲľ棬һƬãã֮УܿԶֺĳǽ
ǹصˡ
פڰǹذ⣬뾩ҪصһؿǸʮɣ⻷űڵĽˮ
ǹɰǹפأԹΪĽɻǴÿʯǴڵʿҲǿȥ
һƲĹؿ
ſ²ˡҹʱҡվפУŲԶΡĳǽ
ʳǵлɾ֧ԮΧ֧Ѿôܻ򿪳ţ㲻⽫ǳʽĵһǳء
еһֱڶ峿˵Ŵ󿪵ʱǹصĳȻաǳǽ϶ྯȥеźҲţ뺣Ѷ
ῼվӪ⣬ŲԶĳǽ
ӳ̾һǳ۳Ͷ٣󷽲ȴ㣬ʺ̿սȴҲϵ̫ãΣ
Ŀʶ׷ڣܵһȺСʿм˼һȭķǫϣɫЩΣ̸̸Ҫ򣬴ˡ
ȣʹǣ˵ţպֱӹǡ
ʱԭСʿķǫգ֮㵽Ǹͬȥ
ʶһߡ

ƺͷǫʹǹ£ʵĳŴƿ
ǹزǾ֮һأֵԷ۴αȡ
йٱפ·ԣΧ۵İգЩտ˵ĿȻк棬Ӷࡣ
ûϲٳµĸо
Էǫ˵ΧгĽֿһĿ⵹ͦʵġ
ƲܵĿ⣬ֻЩɻؿŷǫϵĽ𻷣ǰôûʦЩ£ЩΥ͸С
ǫ˳ƵĿ⿴ԼװֻСɫΪΡҲ֪һͻ˻ô£ڿƴСװβ档
Ҳ֪ӷּῲ֮󣬻¶ʲôı顣
ǫڵסС
ֵľͷǹˣԿиʽĽֱе࣬ԴΪʼ
ۡǰʱǫƱ㷭ʰ˽ȥ
ԭΪҪʱܼλ£û뵽ߵǰʱһ߳ȡ
漴һֱǫš


122 
ֽ˳üΪӢ, ͷȴ̫ߡûƾȴ޳˽ǰǹ˭
, ĽнɾǰȴֵһᣬƲǫǫ˿ûжЦһɢ˼, հǹĽǰͣסˡ
ҲǾǫķˮɴؽſڱ˵㳤ôÿҪҪӦҵĻҾ˴򿪳, λСֶɹ˹ء
ǫüͷһûлشʶֱ󣬼ͬʱоԼڲ౻ĳֻС᲻صҧһڡ
ǫ̾˿, , Ҳ֪ڰǰС, ڰ̾СĪҪЦˡ
ǹü˵ŭ, ˵ʶĲãǾͨ˲, ٲ, 䲻㣿
ǫӻ, λС˵⵹ǲص, Դû֮, ͷԼһˣ
ǹΪƣǵӵСŮ콵ĵʥϲ׺䶷ػ֮פڴ˵ءʥϳЩ޷죬˵ҲΪ޼ɵġ
Ů棬Ļͷڷǫбһζ
ȴûΨм츳ɱ֮Լĸ״С׷ɱ
˵һͬ׹δ˵һ˵Ⱥִʰڱȫû
ϵôһ£
ǲű˵ĻҲ֪²ϳǰÿĽ޲Щջ
⿪Ƥƻ¶һǫȥƺûǫʿҪסžжһ㣺Ȼûгɹ壬ѳɣ˶ҲΪʿ̽̽
ǫȷʵ̽һµģκϵСΪʵǫֻÿЦһ²ˣš
ŷǫһĨ޵Цǰòʶһһĳڡܸʳ谮Ҳֻܹ֮ۡ뷽ǫ飬ⲻʲô
һЦ˻ȱ˻䣬ƮģôСŮˣ̫ˣҵ𣿡
Աọ̈̄òײűסЦʱ̲סǫʦһɫֵ࣬Ƿƽأ
ǫѹûдƣɿǰСǸҲϡ
ľһٶľܾοǫڶԼֱܾףһʱ侹ЩɣΪʲôòÿ𣿡
ôһ룬Ůиǻް֪ʣװ磬ü߳ȥҲѹȺվڷǫǰȷʵ˼ѰŮӸеķˡɰΪԼȥٲ°
ǫôһʣҲЩסÿÿġϻ˱˧ģ˼ƮԶʱͻȻֱ۹һ¡ǫˣЦ˵Ȼǡе£ȻܴӦ㡣
ƶʱȻֺǺð졣ǡ
ǫĵã漴оһᣬۼֿ̧һ̣С̻
ǫ̫죬ֻһ⣬ȴû嵽ʲô̲סҪǷǫӣʲôС𣿸
ƶ֣һŮ£Ҫ֡
һ˲䣬ƿվֱ壬Ȼһׯģ
Ʊ仯̫죬ǫһ̲סʧЦСѾͷŵִŻΪӰ
漴ǫŮˣԶ鶯£ŮӶԣҲԷüĿȴׯһȱģȻŮҲǲ
һׯŮӣȴɫףһǹչԡֻװ磬ݱ㲻Զ
ǹŮ巣۷ΪΪ¹պս
Ҳǰǹʦ
巽ǹӸһԵСͬʱֽСһó·λʹ롣
Щ䵭Į˵֮קŰǹǰ˵ǰ·Ѿȫˡ
ǹ߱߻ͷǫֻҪǫͷʹ󿪳ŵǿġ
ǫܵĳִС̲סһüġ
Ƹڽ巺̲סͷǫ͵͵˵ʦֺʱһСߣ
ƿǵʲôȴԼһ桱뵽Ǽޣû뵽ϻڡ
˭뵽أһС˵˶벻
ǫ֪Ϊ¶ŨļգͻȻеȡ

ڳ˽巺֮⣬ıʿһսȺۡǫվԱߴͷβû˵ƿԱ֮û˸Ұĵƿ
ڷǫһʱͲ²ݣϾɾĻѾˣϾƵģû׿֤ǿ
ƿŷǫĿȣɾ£Ƕˡ
Сʱ˵Ĺ³ģζ˻ȢԼΣһ죬Ὣǹصɼױʮ񣬷سޡ
ԽԽǹˣ˼µĻǽ巡ʼ仰Ƕ˵ģСһ˫۾޲óԼҴʦϣҲͷ˽巡
λŮһֱֳĬȵ˵ʱϸһһ٣²Ҫиܷǹ˳ǡ
ӵѾץˡǫһЦ˵һֻжĳ桭
ǫһڣظ
ɱŵڽˡ
ƭҵģҴδ˵ϼ䣡
巺ɫ죬ڽ巵ĵ£ʶֱ壬ĿȻŷǫ
ǫץסڣĳʧȥǵСͻȻѪϴǰ²һҪѸ£Ϊ֤ԡ
ҲţۿǫĿˮ쳣ᶨ۾˲ˣǰδĻ̸ֱӳ˳ȥ
巳ĬƬ̣˵ףλЦˡ
˵һݣ׷ƶȥͷǫʱĿϣζ
ƺͽ巵뿪ǰûнǫƱ뵽ͷϢ
㻹ĺð취𣿡ǫޱؽװС²صϣոǰΪ֤ʱ͵һȦӡ
ûСҡҡȣ˭ʥϣ巶ܷԡ
ƵͣǫؿֻһЦ˵ǿԴֹƻĴ󡣡


123 
ֹ뷨ܲʵʩҲ˵, ʵʩ֮ôųȥ²⡣
û, һ˵ǿһԣûаը֮ȫˡ
ǫԥʱ, ͻȻ῵Ĵҿ뿪
޲ھʹֹ, ǸŮˣһҪ򡭡
Сǫʶ˼һ飺¶бʡ
ʵֹǱʡһ·, Ϊ֮, Ψһһ˵ϢΪղ෹̸֮ʡ, ̸ԽãԽšǰȻǼһӡ
῿Ա˳˵Ԧ֮, ȴܹǰʹһⲻӦеη, ޡ
Ǽῡһ¶ǧָ
, ı졣Լܻһ, ԣǫϣһֱȥ
ǫô, ͷһС˳ŷǫĿ⿴ϵĽ, ʶս, ȴǫ¶ɫ䵲סɫСôˣ
ʦʲôޣЦվֱ, ǸŲ̣
ƱֻϰߵضԷǫȤ, Ϸǫһش, ܹ, ܿ
Զԡʦ棬֪ǽĴʦвԼв
ǫ㡣Цܿùң
ŸԼԱƣǫ룬˵̸֮ܺұ㾡һԣʱԼ취뿪
亹뷽ǫȫǰյļ֤һͬǣôһ뿪ᱻ˵صʿʿ
ɤӣǿǣǣ˹ز̫ãȥȰȰС⽫ܲףͲס
ȵʳԮˣ˵ţǿֱӴظˡô˵ţʵҲûаա

һԣĵ׼Ȼѹûٸڶκ̸ĻᣬЩʱֱһŸǡ
дƪȴһ仰ѣսնʹ߰ɡ
λŮҲǸˣ˶ϵĲɷڵ³ΣǷǫڴǰ־ƺһģΪʦܲ΢ϵģ
˵ĺͲʦһǫһۣһŪһǣֻ߱ˡ
һϵ̨㵽ˣ
Ȼǫ˻ξƺ͸һۣˣҲŸյԪӤڣҲûô졣
ƲԵʵǺ
ǫѰ˼Ƭ̣Ϊۡ
⻰һƫյиǫһЦ˵޹طڣԪӤҲʱֻǡû¶ΪҲ̫ԣʱͻĻʦˡ
ηֳʶҲǵڡڱǽ̫ش֮޴˽Ҫʶ
ǫǰҲûԹֳһԼԪӤںҿһԣϣͦȫǡ
ĬĬؿ˷ǫһۣҲ֪Ϊʲôܾ÷ǫ֮յгע˳졣
ܲɻأҪһɻڵ졣Ȼ󷨣жǿܼϣƸûһֵĻᣬҲʶȫҪ󣬿»Ƿǫը
ǫѾ˻ڣƷǡȴⲻöһ䣺һ𣿡
ǫ΢Цתͷƣû˵һ仰˾Ͳ˵С
Ƴ׳Ĭˣ̫һ֮Ҳ֪ʦֵʲô˵Ļˡ
ʱơ
ǶҪ˯ߣǫҲûлصĿͷڴǰ¹⡣
ǫϵСĴ̽ͷῲں¹⣬һֱǿ¹ˡ
ǰתͷǫͷ̲סһ·ϤĴʦ֣һֱ벻ͨΪʲô뵽ȨСΪδһ죬ִ̫ߣ޹ء
˵ʲôأǫջؿµĿ⣬ЦЦ˵ҲС
ôܲմ׳
ƻ⣬ʶһ䣬죬㲻ٳˡ
ǲΪǸˣˡ
ƺۣ
¹£ǫְһСԴΪ棬˽ҲġߴĿǰìܡ

˵Ҫ뿪ȫûеʱ䣬ڶɫһ˹ˡ
ǫƴӹ뿪ʱ·СûκͣҲûܵκ
ȴ˿ǫɫ磬߿̲ĲԾ
ʱʱ磬ֵ߲ûжΧۡۿҪǰǴ򿪵ĳţȴͻȻһ졣
һ͵ػͷֻһƥһ·񱼶
ʶǫֻλʦҲͬһʱšֻһ£ҲæŲС
Ƽ״˲ùϧը죬ߴǰȥ߳壺վסسţǶˣͣ
سŵĽʿԣسŻǻϡ
ǫƴʱŻһֵľ롣˵ֻҪڳŹ֮ǰȥڳйȻ졣ۿ忨ƺͷǫɴͣ
صڷǫǰ棬סƣĿǰʿҲǫ쳣
ƿûƣüһЦұһ£Ҿǰȫǡ
˵ŲȷǫظֱӱǰҪӵԷûսͱǫû¶Ⱥһɲ͵¶ˣŮܲף»˰ɡ
Ťͷƣ˵ʵƱҲһεģֻзǫĽǰױԡ
ƶɫһûʲôֿһ£ֶ˵ûûӳޣֻƲƲ˵ÿ
ţ벻ãһСⲻ̫á
òõģ˵㡣ưһۣѹٷϻһٿն𣬾ֱ˷ǫ
ǫһֱĬ˶ԻֱʱһץֱƵӽץԼǰײһ
ۼֿرסƣ˰أײ˼Сû뵽һ־ͱԷһơ
ȣ̲ס̾˿
£ֺˡ巵Ӱڽֵͷ˻֣صĳ´򿪡
ƺ۾˷ǫһۣת뿪
´ټǵ˰ɣôţҲûٻͷ
ߵĺһ·˳š


124 
ڲǹ, 쵽פʱ, ϵķǫܿɢˡ
ϵͻȻûˣսսҲ˾, ߸, ۿҪԶ
غȣΪȺǰ, ѱһƥⲻһ, Ʊѿȼнƥ, סʱƥ
ͷһǳ, 漴һޣس
ŷǫѡ, Ҳ֪ʹǫԪӤΪоҲðաΨоϻس, ȫǫƻ, Ǳ뾡ƳǷ
˶ԴҲйƻƻʱ֡ûи߷ǫ, 跨óǰѹ˵˵л, һ֧жӳ֮, Ҳǣס巡
ǫȫ
ϧǧ, ȴû㵽лһˣͬⷽǫΪ
Ҳϧ, û
˵ǽͷ, ǫεļ´Լϵֱۡǰ־˶, ֮СȲػγˣӺһѱסǫθҩ
ǫЦãôҲãҪҪôĴף
ǡҶԼ˵ֻѪûѪ
ǫĬһ£֪Ľᣬ²Ҳաˣ׼ɻ
ĸ̨ڹλãرػϿ¥һ֮⣬ͨ¥
ƽסڴ¥С
ֱСģڷǫϣܹڵס˵Ϣ
ϾŮӵĹ󣬷ǫһǸһ¥С
δظ¥һһˣʱȴܵ󷨵谭ⲢǻǴ󣬲ƽ⣬ѵǲˡ
ʱ󷨴ˣǫҲһż԰󷨿һͼΣÿһ󷨶࣬ƿһ֮ӭж⡣
ǫ̽뵽󷨵Уһ󷨽ṹЩһǰֳɫ·ַȻЩ׾ȴʵãƬĵĵ㡣
ֻôҲǸ⣬ºһٻƣʺϢ󣬷ǫһ¿ϻƵĽ
һԣֲֻ
Ҫ̧ͷ˷ǫһۣ漴˲
һȵ˳ŷǫľ˽ȥԼͬģ˸γμߡ
ԭĿȡģ
ѹֻһΪ
·˷ǫɻ󣬼ῴҲ֪Ϊº󣬱ڣҵҲܹͨ׵裬ǸҲǵ³
ط˵ҪһЩۣ֮תƲǲܣ͹Ҳˡ˵ҷ޷ɱῺ󣬱ĿԸͬҲδһ
ӯڡǫûκεֱӽ̽󷨵Уһٻĵλá
ǰһ谭˲ʧδͻȻǫκͣһ㡣
һݵʮľ¥ݲͬݷǫãһԶ߲ͷԲȦ
ǫҲ֪Լ˶ãǰգȴһƬ谵ǫڽϵƿ֮󣬱㿴ԶĹ㡣
·ߵͷˣһʱǰȻʡ
һտĴãǰһʯ̨̨ϰڷյյͭơУҡҷ۳ǧǺӣӦ˸Ӱ⡣
￴棬ȴ޶˸ܵǳĹվôһ˲·̽󷨱Դ
̫ŵĻɽ󷨹ر˼꣬ǰʱʱǫѾɽУ⻹Ƿǫһμʶִ
ǻ󷨣
ʱʣ࣬ǫһԥٴν̽ƺУһ˲л·ϴһء
ǧĽͬʱ˷ǫԺУ·һ档
֮·ǫͷʹѣʶ󷽣ֱһ˵ĻС
ǫɫ԰ף̶̼Ϣʱ޷ѾˮʪˣȴֵһӴˣ
ῳһŵƣ佫ֱӴо
ƹζһƬศɣ֮ȴһûϨ
Ǵ֮ǴΪÿһศɣܹһϨе⣬󷨵ıԴ
ǫƬ̣֮ýϵӣ˲Ϣ֮ƺ任Щλ
סǫüתͷļΰ˲ûκҡʮĽǫеնͬʱնϵӡ

ǹ⣬ڱգϸСѩź
Ǿһսףٳ£Ұ֮ڷ·ֻʣĦĳ졣
Žӳǽϴ˳ʿֳֹͬƴǺϵѾҪУҪɽˮ
ӲǰɫȴΪѣǵ治ȵ£
ƶŹιǺƶҡǰȣʧʧˡ
ڻصӪżʧ֮һ˲뵽˲ڴʦϵСܿ˦һ²⡣
ôܵģǻˣܱ˲ɣ
ӿһѹü͵ƣѩԽԽˣǺʱ
룬ȡһѾ޴ĳǹأѹÿ|ս˻ȴûкˡ
ŷѩһ·ǺӶ԰ŵϣֻһһѺۡ
ûƬͣ٣ڵһɳʱ򣬵ڶѾ͸ͬĵطһߵӦѿŵһ롣
ĳһ˲䱬ɽ졣
Ƶʤڳ䲻⣬Ȼһߵû˳ˣδͱһնϡ
һս׵Ůڰǹϡ
巾Ӹ£ǹһĿ⡣
üһЦĸպáǻҪȻǴƿڵĿıΪס巡
̧ȡ֧һͬڹ֮ϣһ˲뷢
ͬʱӻ֣Ľʿ󣬹ͬʱ򰲳ǹңսһ
ƾǹ棬ûа취һն֧ûаԥشӳһԾ¡
۶֧
漴ڵϣһ򵱹Ī֮ơ
ƺͽӴʱĿֻɧţҲڽ˫ļ꿴м̽
ȴԼòԡ
£ܶɺӣƵ˻Ǵ
Ŀʶɨ԰ȴûпλ˵еӣҲûпλ͵ɾ
һûаɵطسϡ
ƼϷһ䣬˳ĺĶȥûȴͱһϡ
ǳе߳ˡ
üͷھǿѱʧأһسǷֶߣʦǱֻΣա
ԥʱͻȻһ죬ǹϵĴͻȻֳ漴ѣ
ˣ


125 
ֺĽɫһ˲¶ԭģ, Ȼ̼ڡ
巵˫Ŀ˲ˡȺƮɢĽ, ǼɽڴŻѪƵġҲû뵽ȥӾǶΪļɴ󾹻ڼ䱻ơ
¶Ӧ, ޱԵĿܡҪͬʱǳƻ, ̸ףʱҪϿ˭õ
ǸûóֵɾǫԪӤڶ, ز
ѵдڵʿУʿ, ڻǴʱϢǱУ
ҧ, ŭܡʱҲˡ
Ӳ, гӶ
Ҳһϲǹصа취, ǿؼûʲôѵλˡ
ˡ
սĺͺŽ죬ϰʿɶɹ, 빥δϿǹص˵ƽҲѵ, 巸ǿȴ޷̫ƽʢһ֧ʱʧ, ˵жһƵ̿֡һʱȥ巵ָʾ
巶֧, ؿ, ˵ĳֱ, 赲
Ʋ֪ʱ˳ͷɫ԰׵ųµı, еĽȴյĺȡСعδս, ȴս£
Ʋ˵ֻΪ, ˣԼС
Ƚ巻شСһü˵Ρ
˵óԼ䣬漴｣˵ֻҪţûǿ˹ء
ƿЦãҲ֪Сڸ۶廹Ƕˡ
ʱѾ嵽ǰÿսµľӡ

ǫͼҲɡ
һһͬʱնӺ·˲뵽һƬڰС
ﲻٰȫʱֱӻˡ˴Ӹг˳ȥͬʱ˶ӦѹͬʱӲͬķ˹
֮£ǫ뼾῱¶˵ֻʱ⡣˸ɴ಻ٶأֱ彣¥ˣЩʿȻҲϹӣһ׺ڶ
ǹеĹȻҲǷͬСɣĳɾͣҲ޼ѧԨԴ֮ʡ̸оЩʿУȻҲмλԪӤڵ档
뷽ǫӣһ֪ԷҲһǲսֻڱ׷ǰϡֻϧǼλԪӤڵȻŹǣٶȼ죬ȴ䣬ܿӭһ
Թѵڣڱ˵ĵϣô뷽ǫռϷ硣ο·޹İգֻǣǳǰǹصİգһ𣬶ǷǫԸ⿴ġ
ֻǲ֪ʲôʱܽǡ
ôŻǼնȻҪǾսپ١ֻǶ˽ŸճʣͻȻúһһɱǹءսҲѹ֮²òͣˡ
ܹȫǵɭȻɱֻǶɽڵʿзųѡɱ壬߲ơ
ѵǹлжɽڵʿزɣ
ԡڰǹգ
ǫĿȥһҾ޴ƿˣ˰ǹصϷǵɱҲѾɢˣһ£飬ӭؾ
һĺԾΨмˮ
֣ȻϵǸ˴ģΪں졣һζҩѣҪ֡
ֶԼ˵ǳ
Ϻ֮һֱŴŵİǹڴ˳ţݳ˳ͨ˵ء
ǫһۡУһСưһࡣ۾΢죬ȫûиǫĿ⡣
ǫһ±Ǽ⣬Ǵһ£λСǳ׼ǳˡ
һˣ統˵ò㲻ϳڣЩͨûܹԡ
¶ɽʿָֻ˶ѡһλפԺûκεɣֻҳڻλϵǸˡ
ڷǫͼ´֮󣬳վȡһʥּݸΰȻոѾ΢㲻ڶˣºʱ΢ؾ
ῳûȥӣѾ˽׼ȴ㱻ķʽԻ뾩ΪҪͬУ
ǳʹɺЦάŵʥּûջأͬһ֮¼ῶͷһεε亹
ǫüֽ̧ӹʥּҴʦܽˣǱ׼Ͳǰˡ
תͷǫչ֮ܿͫɫǳʢһȪҼ㣬ƾǵͽܡ
ǫ𵱳լʱƾἰλָľǴˣǼƹҲǳڴֱʡ
ǫ룬ԥʵҪҴ˼ң
ջߣˣڴ˷硣
ɽڵĴֻһ֮ңܸӦأֻǷ֮·ǧ겻ԣҲûа취뿪˷硣Ƕڵ˳֣˼㲻⼸˵Ҳָơ
ƾʧʱ򣬳һʱӦˡҺźɱˡ
˻һ˲ͣǫͣƬ̲һЦ˵ǿźʵֲˡ
νάͬĻȣºʱһؾ
̡˵ƽƽزһ䣺ӲҪͬУֻͷͬһ߹ٵˡ
֮ǲͬˤ³ֱ뾩ǡ
Цݣ˼ãɫɿӦһã΢
ܿͣڰǹϷ·գһΣ鲢ûи뿪

жɳĮϵĺӣǧ뾩ȴŴĮϵϰһʼʱЩ¼ΰ˷ǫЩƽʱҲ˵ɢ˵һ֯޼ɡ
Щڳ֮ȫʧˡ
жɽڵĴѹ߼䲻㽻̸ˡȫٶȴ࣬޲ǰѵܽ¡
ӵһκԼѡκһˣִ֮ȫڲ޳ưԣ۾һαܵ˻ˮ
ĿʶسϵŲݸķǫ̲סЩ
ɾڴܵѹ֮һ糣
ǫʵҲܱճ̵Ҳ֪ʲôͷһֱҪͷֻҪѹΧԡ
֮ɵӣȻΪ˸῿ģһ벻˼ҶɽڵĴƴ
Ҳͦĥ־ġ
㱻֮£ڵԪӤʱ˲٣ԲСɷǺÿ
ǫֵţȴԼСԪӤΪΪСԪӤҲ֪ôãÿֻҪǫӶỻһۡ
ö֮ǫüˣٿɰϧԸҲһ㶼ȡ
ô˵ôôĳ˵Сʱ


126 
Ӱǹصм·, ڳӲѹʮ֮ڣҹ·
ǫҲسʮ, ˼ڲʱ⣬ûӳĳɽڵǰҲû
ֱǰΡֺĳǽųȥѹǫһԾ, ˲о¶˲١
῱ǰ棬ɻؿ˹ʦ֣
ǫһЦ˵ûʲô, ֻǻ˰ʦ, ˼ǵ÷ծһܶ, Ҳ⡣
һ䣬һֱǰĳȻͷ˹Ķֻ֮Ҫ, οߵ
һѹûҪءֻһ, ջߡ
ǫü, سϷ¡һ·ûеĹǿд߼ΰҪ, ٶ඼ס
浽˾³, һ·мû, ҲûκεԹԣڼ῿Լʱѹ
Īλ, ĳĳҪ뼾ῡ
ͦƵġ
г, Ҳѵõİһ·, ֱʱŲ£һҲѾִפڳǶĵطǹͬǻǣ
῿һ۳飬֪˴ʱǵĶԻѡһǧǣʣµȥǶפ
ҡȣּ
ԶĳһԲȻԴҲ顣
һǧһʱѡ˳ûʱ㿴ǰжӹ
ǰһλǵ巡
ȻԶ̫ҪůʱȻΧźصĴ멣ɫҲ԰ףƺھʱҪΪηǰΪʹʧȥҲûٱ𷣡֮ɢҲʱ⡣
ḯȾȵȡĳϡҲǻá
˵Ϥ巣ߵһȺ˼뷽ǫǵĹٷεȵλֲ塣ʱֵƷóˡ
һĶԷǫ뼾ῴλƵڣұߺͦλǻΣСҲ̫С
ǫδǰ͹ˮĺ룬ֿ˿òһӣ̻ȻŶ
Ǹͬϲһµŵӣǫ֮ԶӡȴΪһѿžֵľ
Ҳ֪̫ͳ͢ʽ£Сˡǵڳǰ̫ģ̫츸µ֮䣬ҲЩܡ
ֽߵ˴¶һ顣ǰһ
ſڵˢˢعȥ
μ̫ӵ¡
巵ɫÿûйֻǰڳھϳ˵ϲʵܣóԸ
óԸ仰̶ѣȴüЦһȷʵѾóԸ
ֻǵõĿɲν£
Ǹȣɽһֽᡣ
Ώ䣬Щݵ漴˵߰ɣǡ
һУҲһУϵȨڼȴͬڰǱľޣѪڣ·ˡ
뿪ʱѣʱ⶷תֻˡ

֮λʮ꣬Իؾ;вʰԣ˵Դһӡͷ䵽῵ͷϣ类֮ƣĴд棬Ϊڡѷ·רٳһü֧ǡ
ˣɼеӭͷ̽ԣֻһ̫ӵķɡ
Ҳ֪˭ͷڼǺ󲻾ã˸ߺǧꡣ漴ʻˮľ˲ʻ
·飬ûϿɵӣǵǸĸǱӳеĿ棬Ҳ˽һǰ͢ϼΧ̫죬ڿӡ
ƱĲġ
֪ĲԲҪѧ£ġǫƥСʱͷɫ䣬㴫˵ŻԭǸڶģκμῷҪߣһһܵ˶ǰ档
κηǫúÿ˼Ǳߣӵʻ࣬Ҳǵһϰˡ
վܸǴݣΪ񣬾սֻͻ㵱ɶ˵ļȴҲӡ
ǡ簲ǹصİվóҪǣ·ǫٺÿĿҲǳ˶ġھȨʧȥĶ֮ӭͻѪ̫ӵ£Ȼ¶羴ϲ
ߣ¡ǫǰĳ֣չµľǽֲֵ׳ĸ󷱻Ҫ𣿡
룬Ҫֻһ˶ѡ
ţֶΪססһˡ
ôŵʱѾ˹ǽ֮£࣬ÿһ˶Ҫʾη
ľ㲻ʺϼˣֻзǫԼֵ빬Ӵžڹš
ɫĴŴߴ򿪣Ļ́һɫĽӣӭ̫ӻع
ӵݡ
⣬ǰΧ۵İգƽӳֵһֻ̣عһƬ
ԵɣǸ˵̬ˡ
ǡƾʲô˸Ҫأ
ῷƿǶӣֱ̤УһȺ˼ææظ
һλĹŷ첽ϵߣ£
ԭΪԼһоͻᱻȥǸˣû뵽⹫ȴֱӽ̫ӵĶ
͵õϢ׼뵱˹Ů̴ӻ٣Լа˶Ժйš
λ֮ܵ£λ̫̫׸ˣ⳯ءʣ¹ͷС¶ֱСӣ¶Բū
˵֮󹫹ֱӷһݵǵЩϢūˡ
˵ֱӴųӭһ˸뿪ˣͷβûλ
֮֮ǫļ῵ļ֮ĿǰĽ
ۿż῱лװŶӵݽǫԸ˳ȥ

ǫһν⹬Уʺϵߣڶռؾͺܴ󡣺һƬ֣ѩδҶлѩĵīΪ˼֡
˶ǰӭ̫ӵ£ûʲôˡǫֵУҹ
Ƶþ˷ǫе㲻ǵʱ·ڹֲʺУǫվԭسƬ̣Ϲָһ˹ȥ
û߳Զһʲôˣ
ǫعͷ㿴һλ鲼һȵˣ˼ûлش𣬱ǰ㿴ЩǶôģ
ǫϿҵػش̫ӹġ
˳Ĭһ£ʲôˣ
ǫ˼Ƭϵζλ˵ʦֵܺҲ׼ȷջشˡ
ˣ


127 
ǫ, Ȼһ£˼Ĵǫ
õǻҰοһ˵Ҳ, ãŮ䣬ôһǵͦġ
ǫüܾ˵ĿڿɿŮֵֹģǺˣ
һ, ʲôֵһĴΪػ˻֣漴ָһ򣺡߷, Ҫһȥ·Ļ, Ӧߡ
лǫһָķ, תͷʱѾûӰ
ǫһ¡Ϣܳ, ҲֻеϢ, һ
һ, Ϣ뿪ǫûзȥ
ǫ˹, ز¶˿²١
Ϊ˱ٴ·, ǫټת, ǰָķȥһ㿴ϤĹ
ʱǰ˶ɢȥˣֻʣ¼Ůڵ
ǰɨصĹŮڿǫ֮, ߵߵ˹ʦ, ½ǻ˿ȥ޹Ϣ
˵, СŮʶض˶١֮УġҲڲʱ͵ЩͷͽĻ֪Щʵͳļѻ֪ô˵λʦȥ޹ֹסЩ졣
ܳΪޡĵطȻֻ̫ӵµľ
СŮͷҲˣѸٵرȥǫûע⵽Ůɫ쳣޹С޹ڻŮڣֽ׼ò㡣
ǫϰôΧԼùŮɢˡ
ῺòʱѾ¥̨ŮóơһյյƻƬȾͮͮɫ
߽ʱǫڴǰ³Ÿ㣬⹬ĵʵɣǸͷ̫СˣһһΪ
ˣǫϵøΣ
῱λŽһգǫ̻֮һίı飬Դ˷ǫϣʦͷۡ
ǫһ£ССʱûôǵڻʹУⴥ飬֮µûƿˡǶ㽲ʲô
Ա顢桢顢սԽԽίſڷǫϲ
ǫòһϣҲ˼УȨɡ
ЦһðԼӷǫ˺һ㣬ն˵ܡ
޲ôѽɽҡ⻰˵ѵôȥˣΪǫԵĨƽԣ
ǫżǸˣѵóĬһ¡⹬кλ´죬ɽһֵɽȲӸῡ

ǫԤг棬ڶһܹܱʥּ˶ֺܹöЩ䡣
ῲûԼҪΪǸ˹¡ǿ߰ޱںϵĴܹܶԴƺҲ⡣ֻԼձơר˾ּĴ̫࣬˵Щʲôȴ̫ϸʮ㣬ԴǿС
ȴ˵Ѹߣּʮպλῡ
һλּⲢδ֣Լࡣ̶ʮֺ󣬴̫һּ
ˮȫ̱ûнּ˼빬գǸȫûȴԽͷԡ
ԴӶҲü´ּǽվһԵСӣƤЦⲻЦصһϲȻȥ
ܿ˸ϵż׼ϵˣǰߵսµżᡣ·һϦ֮䣬Ѿ׳µˡ
ǫһԲ岻֣ɴٴ˳ȥ
¹⹬ڷǫ߶ټϷǫ̫޹һҹ˹˿ǫҲֹֻǵǫ·֮󣬻̲ס̸ۼ䡣
⹬̫Ӵ˿ÿѹֻôš
ô֪ҳǫͬʱ̲סһǼŮ
СŮһͼǫѾתԶˡ
СŮӼۣûٶ໰ĵظԼϵĻơ
ǫٴֵܵУ뿴ܲżǸֵߡʽ̫¶СϢء
ϧһηǫֱ֣߳ûλߣǰ·ԽԽߣȻѾ˶ĵؽ硣
ǫվԭسƬ̣ܻ˵е乬ҲûԼҹ䣬ٲ߽ȥ
·ͷһľԺӣӲݴԺǰΪ¶԰ԺҲϻˣббδĹ
ǫƣԼһžͷˣԥһֱӴԱԺӵС
Ժ漫ΪߣֻһªĲʹеķӣԱһһģҶˡ
һֵǧܣӶһֻʣһľ塣
Ÿһվһӵͷϡǫһ£оҺˣȴƫƫûܶ㿪
ǫ̧ͷ˹ȥվԺеǰңȴûҵߡ
Ժӵеʯϣɫ˵Υ͵
ǫԥһ£ϿҷʣҪҳȥøٽ
߿˿Լҡҡ׹ţû÷ǫָָԼԱߵλãɣң
ǫǿ̫ͣܲÿ֣ԴӴȡӶ˳㣺ղ漾´Ҳλ̫ӣԹ鲻̫˽⣬⹬ûʲôɻ顣
߿˷ǫһۣ˵⹬ɻɾͶˣͷǸ˷԰޽ɡλòԵøˡ
ʲôõġǫֵ裺˶ƣǽ𡣡
¾̫ңѪǣаѹ뼾λˮ
Ƭ̣˵Ķԣ⹬һѡȨûУȤˡ˵ò赱ƣһ˸ɾ
ǫҲû뵽Լһ仰ܴ˼ҵ£һʱЩԶԣ뻻һ⣺ʥλӣΪʲôҪѡһڹġ
ûǫе̽Ϊ˵Լ;飬ųôһͬʱĻӣ˭
ǫɫ΢䣺ӳˣһʼĴɲ㡣
Цһ˵ţԸԼˡ˿ʵ۵ϵҫȴĽЩ١
Ϊҩջͷա
߻ڼ˵û޷ڣûа취šģڻҵ׻ǺΪء
ơǫͻȻһ֮ġ
ʲôƽɽֻǲЩ˵⡣
ϻƵ¶ˣɾô꣬ɫҲûкòˣͲˡ
ǫʣȻᣬ˵ֱ֮ӱַС


128 ҹɱ
һ켾Ώĸ, ǫԥҪҪߵĻ߼ῡ־˵֮, п˦һ֮
̧ͷԼϵ·ϴŵ, ʽԼԽ, ǿԽǲһ
ʲô̫๬Ů, ǼԼ޹ġյ޹, ֻˡǫǰ, ˼ҵ, ͼΪ´⿪¿ۡ
·ԭٵ, ǫĥһ, ҲԽԽɴļΰǰ, ·
ûֱֱԼ˫, Żھ¿ۣĿȴл̺С
ûùŮæһǲϲ˽ӽԼ, һҲһ׽ǫ˼, ;оʵһֱûʱ׽¶
ȵϤİĻʹ֮, ûһ̰ǿѹѪһֱʳ־
ûһֱ̲Ӱν޹, Ϊһҹߵ˸
ֻе˷ǫ, Ĳƽ˵ƽҲ, Զڷǫû
˭֪ǫ˰Ŀ, ҲЩˡ῵СϺݺһ, ֻԸǰšǫ¶ϣһ·𣬾ͷвڿۣʱ᣺ǸӣҲôѰġ
·סͷļһ·ǫӣЦһ¡ţǫ˵ǸûУ
ῴʱȫڷǫϣ͵ôһԳҲûлסǫָϲסɳûС
ǫͣͷ͸ӵüͷȴɽˣȴ涼¶Ҳǹֵġ˭
ֻڼ῵·ϣŵնȴֱӳʣݶݷϷĺӰ
նٻصǫʱȻѪ⡣ǫֳնת֮Ѿ뿪޹
῵һʱվֱӣհһһԭλáŽ⵽һһߡҹȴЩ۵Ķҡ
Ҳûеʱ䣬һ޹⡣
һƬûзҲûֻʣǳɫ¹ͻƵĵӰŹڡ
ҹ͹Ůһأվ߰˵Ӱῳ֮ͬʱֹΰϾɱС
ῺͷǫҲˣȴǳźȥģǴΧŵĵطǼ΢֮ٽȥȴûпǫͼ῵Ľ
ҹ·һѺۣ͵ĿͻȻ
㣬Ǳߣ
һ޴ѹǼ˺ûаͣҧ˳ݼĶҩƺһȫز
ͬһʱˡ
һ˲Ժ䵱УɫÿԴػʹϰû˸ⴳˡ
ʹִڵҲܿϵʬ壬Ҳǹеֵˣ඼ơѹĴ붫У⹬в
Խ߽ΰŲҲԽ죬·˲ʾĿСǰʱǵһεϥأ΢ס٣𷣡
ͬʱЩҴҸĽʿҲˢˢȥĦ춼Ϊ
¹δü޹Ϸ¶ŵĴɫ˵飬˭ģʣµԼŰɡ
˼ǷͷôͷԼŰ졣
Щ嶶øˣ̫ǻϧ
ʱȴһ˸ԣͷδ̧
һҹռῺͷǫƫպϹģŮ´˳ʱѾ졣
ǫڴϣǻоʱ䣬ﰵɱ٣ǲ֪һλˡ
Ҳ鲻ˣǫ˵תͷںԼ϶̲סһЦ춼ˣ㻹ʲô
ҲΣµĴ㣬ǫԱߣʦڹ⣬ҲڰвԼˣֻǡ
еǫż῵Ļ˵̲꣬ס̾һʮ쿴ǻλǴ
ڻʳûиҪһһϦģǵʱȴࡣ
ǫһɣôʲôܻ
ҵϣһһڷǫߣ˭ֹҶȥǸˡ
ټȥˣе鶼Ӧһ˽⡣
ǫͷ˼һۣЦֱס˼῵֡ð
һâ˳뼾῵ڣǷǫֳһƬꡣ
῵Ǳһһ£ȴûɿСʱһΣ˾֪޾һȴؿŶԷԼڡ
һ˲˷·һܹ˴˵
ԼؿڣܸܵԼǸ¶ȣһһᱣ㡣
תסߵˣʹһ³ǣΨߵʵġ
Ȼײ˽ͱ뿪ˡ

һλȻڶ⣬ͼῳֽӲⲽ˳
˾һ𣬻ûüӦۼѾ˼῵ټ
ǵ
ʮŽװһ·ϣȨλĵطķܣʢѩ·ƶ֮ϡ
סŵģҲȨǸˡ
῾ٲϰף̫༲ӵһ·׷ڼǰסȥ·£گڰ
ÿ䣬ŲһƿǸ̫ࡣ
¡̫೤̾һ°ڴҴææظϵߣ㲻ôҴ
ῳţʮŽݷһ˲ߵβ漴ѹӴ֮ϡ
ǳ顣
ֻüȥ
̫ûٸǰոϵĽȫȥֻʣƽĮ
῵ÿһߵļΪѣ˵ѹһʼֻǾ棬Ŀȴӣղٽϡ
û֪ͣһԼͣûлٿط
ɫڼΧһĺУ
ҺΪѰǫεĵ٩ڼῶ𣺡뻤㣬㻤ŵġ
΢ȴһδ˼
춼Ȳ𣿡֮ڴһϵˣɡ
Ļһ䣬һֱڼܵѹ˲ɢǰĴȻ򿪡
ôмֶ졣
ûǫʵϵ̤һ̾ʲôˡ
صأҲУҲƣǧɼ֮أҲʤɼҡ
Уȴһ𣬱»Ҫؼ֡
գ⣬һƬУһŹվӰ
Ŀ棬߽ļῡ
ԡ
ڼڵķǫֻһ۾ɷֱλ˺ֵλǵȴ̫࣡


129 
֮, ֮Ⲣˡ
ޣ·Ķ, һһߵǰΪֻޡ
ս֮󣬼Ὼͷǫŷ֮, ϶, , ǡħ
Ϣ, ǫڳϸܵ
Ƕв, ʵ̫࡭Լò˲ˣ
ߵĿ̰ؿż, ĿⲻڿԼѪ, ǿһʳ
Ŀ˼Ȳ, üͷĳ
ǿԼŤͷ, һƵ, ̵ͷĿ¶֮ɫվѹ̰ʲôʵľʣ;߰ɡ
ߵ͸¶ŹŹ, ȴ
ΪԼһ·ԡѪ, ɱ˵Ҳս, ԷͷУȴδǻƽվ˵˶İ벻Ϊ˵İı, ῶĶ, Ҳı䡣
῵ְڽϣȥּҡܸоԼЩȡ
˲ܻ, ˵ͷżῷڽϵ, ǽе֧, תһһȥޡּ棬ɱ
Ѫծôֱ׵̯ԼǰῺ޵·Ц˳Ҿòá
ߵĺ͵͵ѹЦͷֻú󱳶żΰڣҲɱޣѾûɱˡ
˵ŹһһΣ󱳶żΰ·˿˵Ҳûá
Ϊ߱ȥ֮󣬼῾ѾˣĽȴɵħӰסβһڶĽԴ
ûսȻֱָ˵ĺ󱳣ЧҶĳӣǼ̳ѪĹף㶼οҡȴҪλҡ
ƽѾˡ
ˣֿ̰ˣὫԼĽɽˡ
һ۾ɱֺܿɢȥЦ˵˵ĶԣҲλҲκˣ⽭ɽֻҵġ
һûԳޣԳƣоǶٲ೤ź
ĽɽϷͱսңļӶڼƻűƹλЦһʲôõģ
ɫЩ֣òõˣˡһ޾ûа취ϳˣӽͺúôɡ࿴ᣬû¾ͲҪˡ
û˵ֻһ֪Լɱˣ漴ת뿪˻ǵ
һ⣬ǫ˵𣿡
Цһ˵Ļһֶţһջɱ
˵˷ˣôܣ

ǫʵҲţڿòһ̣һֺܵǸ乬ĵط
ڿԺгݵʱǫԾ˿ǳЩŮ֮⣬еһָ·ˡǿһ飬῵ĳҲЩΡ
߲ͷһ۷ǫεĲƳһ۱ԼݵĹȥǸˣ
ǫûص˵ͷˡ
߶һ٣ŤͷǫҺú񣿡
ֹ񣬼ֱһģһ˫̥òФƣҲԡĲͬϸ΢Ĳ졣½½ʵ½һ㣬Ҫսܷ֡ദú󣬱˴ϤǫҲܴӶ˴ǹλõĲͬб
ֲ죬λϣȴȫڡǷǫڼڣۿͬһʱλ˲棬Ҳ޷ˡ
ˣԼ˳ȫһһ²ÿɷֻЦһ¹߱ߣ̫Ĳûʲôˮ̫֮ɽ֧ǧ꣬ǧתƣкɡ
ǫĸ߽ݵУͬʱпǱѾһˣһΪǼ῵İ֡
һνڣĻͬбɨĺܸɾļҾ߰ڼЩ¾ɣȴĺܺá
м仹ڷһСľôȥľĺȻɫ¶ľͷԭɫСľϻһ֡
ǫһǰľͷСʱסĵط
߻ͷһ۷ǫɫЩȻôãҲͲˡ
˵ָָǽϵı飺Сסĵطȥ𣿡
ȻˣΪβǫһЦûʲôԥƿǽ桭

ΏصʱɱδۿǰԵȴ׼Ҫڳƪ۵ģ
תͷߣ۲Ĳһ·ص޹ȴǫ棬ֳֻһŮʵǫĶ
ǹŮ͵Уת̫ӣʱֵ̿ذȥῸ֪꣬ٷɻϽֻͣǾǹŮػ
ȹŮйڴ£ȥˡ
һ̧ͷ῵ӰѾ뿪˺Զȥֵķ
գ絽󳼾ûôעǫճȥĶҲǵһεֵС
зǫһ꣬ټͨ˳ŸӦѰûеõʱ֣߳󷽵СԺ
ڿСԺȫòһ̣῵ĽŲ͵һɫ䣬ʮָ͵߬ȭֱܵϵһ졣
ôᵽط
طԭ
Ҳֻͣһ˲ٲ̤ԺСľţڼһ֮֨ѽһվˡ
ԺڴʱһƬռţĿʶԺеǧλ޺ǧӣʱǧźƵš
ῴԿհһ˲з·ӵЦĶǰ԰ɫĻ棬еŮͿ
Ÿҥ콫꣬硭
浱лһˣվӰŮ˺Ϸɫ浱Ψһɫ
ֵһ̣汻ѿ
һ㣬ˣһ
һ˲ͷѣѪɫԭĻ档
ῡΰ
ʦ֡ҧһ촽ǰǿյԺӣĶ
ǫĬһ£˵ԭصңҺܿ
Ȼվԭصȵģûκγɵ߽ǰķУǳĻǽ
һ۾ٲ˽ȥǶǽ֮һտµ¥ݡδߣǫ˳һͷĻС
ǫ̫ܵ죬ײϲǿͣɫЩ԰˰벽ż῱ߣ߰ɣǻȥ
ῲûзŷǫתȴʶŤͷĿ⿴󷽣һȵ˳¥ϡ
һ䣬ĽжֱӴ˵ʺ
һ£ǫܿɿ֣һն˼῵ĳǽߵգһѪۣȱ֣


130 
ῲؿǫ, طߵĳ֣һ̼ԭͽ񾭣˫о
ῡǫֳѽߵ, ĲƷ齣, ԼҲӽޣͽӵ˵ϡ
漴ǰ˻, ļ῵ĺ󱳣, ڡ
һ, ĿڵһƬҲɢůĹ, еѪɫȥֻŷǫ, þ޲ýڽԼ嵱Уû¡
վں󷽵Ƭ̣ɫЩΣҲ˷ֿ̲סһȣⷢ졣
Ŀؿһ, ҡɿǫߡ˵סǫȥ
ϵһ, նɻصǫ, һ齣ȴû, ͬ䱸ߡ
齣, ȴҲǴ죬һƬҰ֮ɫ, Թɱ, ҲҪѪ˵ɱ, Ҫ֡
뼾ῳͬԴ, 뼾ͨɱҲͨǹ˼ǫڳɱǰߡ
ߵǺˣһջ̽
վ¥·ĬĬԶ
ῺͷǫһֱǣַصֵУǫεزͷΰҪȴԥǼ˵㶼ˣ
ǫһüͷ˸ոտǼƵĵ¡ҡ
ҵûдһȥʱһƬڣߵ֮ǿ塣ֻһխСľܵǽϾǰ߰Ѫۡ
ǡСʱסĵط
ûеȷǫ𰸣ΪǸط꣬ǰļ䲻̫⣬ʣµȫǵáĸȡ£ÿտԳһ죬ʣµʱ䶼ǼСС
ǫһĪЩѹЩԼڴԽ֮ǰΪûжȫǱйڼ῵顣ȫ˱Ȼ᲻ħߣԼֹ¼Žʮꡣ
һֱ󣬽˵Ľֲֲͬͯȱ
ῷ˽ŲԾ΢һͣٱ²⵽룺ź
źؾеһСʱ⣬ȴ䵱йʱֵʱΡ
ͣƬ̣ڷǫ֮ǰ˵δ飬źǻǧꡣ
ǫһ̾ʱⲻ׷źҲû취ȫƴҪıˣջǻᱻ׽Ūһ
˳Ȼ缾ǵδкܳ
ǫ˼ᶨ῵ҲȻƽתʵǵôӳģ
ĸ˵ͨһλ֣˲ע⣬á೵ǳȥġ
ǫԳĬƬ̣˵ɣеķȴɹ
ʱΪֻԺôû뵽Ժ⻹ô硣
Ὼͷǫߵһ˶û壬ЮŶѩ
ǫһЦ̧ȥῼϵѩżῼߣ˵˳Żʳһ·ɹǹһƬѩأ޵£Ҳѵ棬ǵķݶñѩġϳϺɵǷҵʥأׯϣнפɵһƬɭ֣жޣˡ
ȴ˼ˡǫ˵õĻ̧ͷߵĶǾ͵߰ɡ
ʱῴܴ󣬾֮⻹磬֮⻹硣Դ֮صĺڶп̽һ磬Ҳзǫ˶ʮļҡ
áȴ˼ˣߺĶȥĶ

ͷǫеһնûͣ̽Ӻʹ̿ͲгأƺͽϢؽ˳ˣЩ̿ͺ̽նûܴսǰ
ھ죬ҹѩ׷ɣеƻ硣
ձǴӣеļλسδ뿪׼ˡ
ΪļῴʱȴͷǫڶݶϿɫʼղǸѽɽԼ
ջһ١
Ȼʱ̫ѹرɽţɳ˥˹˼ϵδʳľȴǵϿ˼ῡ
֮ģɱָܹ˶ˡ񣬿ҲŴ
֮ҲǷޡ
ǫ˻ξƺ·ƬĵƻԼ˴˼˱ȥ£˼ºʱˣºʱȣȴһδ֪Ĵ𰸡
ҲڿǰĹڣȥߵĻǵ·ɽ˽¡
ЩŲֵĻȨ
ʱѩʤڹƵӳ£˼֡
ǫԭϣʱ͵üԶô죿һΪҪȰ졣
ѾվŵķǱƬĻ⡣
ĳڶᣬܣһ˵£ºĵֱƹȽһ
δ䣬һ֧Զ˹һӴ͸Сʿĺġ
ǫĽҲͬʱˣһۿСʿȥ漸ʮĸһս׵ֳֳ
Էļһȴָ˷ǫüġ
ԪӤڣ֡ǫһٰ֣˳ļȷ绹Ҫ졣
ǫ뵽ʱ˳һ֧Ѿִǰ
ǫûжֻֽ̧ն𣬼ֱնĵ֮ϣм롣漴һԾָ˳
˳ǫҲսתӸȥ˷ǫ֮⻹Ϣǡڼߵߡ
ԣǫ͵ػͷغ󷽡
վϣһӷ𡣡ͬʱܾ£ῡ
ûжϵĹǽһػߣֱӽǼ˵Ľ⡣
ϵķӡҲѾǵͷϡ

ϻŴ멣ȴһѳһ·ɱǵǰϾѪۣѾ˵Ź۵ȴȼܵҰġ
˰ˣҲСηĴڡ
Ǵӽ֮Ͳˣûڸ׳Ƴڴ֮ǰҪһ¡
ȻվӰһ٬BպѣƵڵУߵĽʿǲηһǰ棬ٳһѪ·
ͨ򻪸ǵİݱѪɫȾȴ¶һϵ·
ûеһʱϽݣתͷվ֡ʶȡ
ʶһɫĻСʱԲ࣬һžϲ졣
ûմѪȣЦеؿ巣ǰס巵ֱۣʵܺαؿֵ˹бǡ
ȴҲûѣʶϽݣһѵܹģֻʶĵطȴ΢΢ճ̵Цݡ
ʮŲݲߣ˺ܿߵͷٵǰʶȴɿ巣ÿ°ֱֱع
ʣֻΪ࣡븸ʿš
ɫ䣬ҲŹԱһݵףк븸ʿš
ȻǵĴȴɽţһѹȴд˳ֱӴֵϡ
巺ʶ벻֮£һѪ


131 ǻ
ķӡͣڼͷһ֮, ޷
޳˾пңϧתͷ࣬һһصĹǫȻصߡ
Ҳ󼯽, ס˴ߡ
࿴ŷǫͼҡҡͷϧˡ
ǫһɻؿࣺϧʲô
೤̾һ˵Լϧִɢȥ, ±ȻƼΏûִҲڳС
ҹһ, ƶɮˡ
޷, ջִ, ȴһɷ, һħ˵꾹ϥ, һ½ΧУת˲֮޳˰
ǫ̾ΪֹǶһ٣Ķɽٵ𣿡
Ϊִĥ£ɢȥֱִ޳Ҳ֪Ǹøпãóɷġ
޳֮, վ۽üҾǴȱЦ, ˿˴ķӡִһ, Ȼͳ˫, ɳȥ
ǫοۺıӰ, 漴ջʵȥǰ濴
áӦһĿ⿴ԶĻǵ, սʢĵط, ɫĻȼ˹ڡ
¡еСԥ, ֪Ƿǰս, ǵʼֻǱ῵İȫ
Сôţ㵥ϥȥڵݱܣҵԵȥǰ̽Ϣ
ڼΏشǰǫСʿļ򣺡û£ҪǰˣҲȫĶȥ
ο뵽ǹеһλǫ̾һǰܱȫ

巺ʶƹȻǺ׼ġ
˼Ǳλ͵Ϯ֮⣬˹˰ɽ֮ǰͨ򿪳ŷ򱱾ǡפڳĳҲԻ̫ΪɱУʱҲΪսء
ɱ졣
ԭĽλӱƹʱѾ빬УҪҪǲµƣٱǣµֻг顣
ֻҪ鲻ڹУǱڲ֮ء
巺ʶԭôΪģ
ѹӳһ̣٬Bǰͼõ巵ȻȴѹֱӱѿƬ٬Bա
٬BҲһѪԱߡ
ʶɫһƬҰףڵϸʣҪɱǲɣ
ϵӹڴ˳ƹɱ𣿡
巺ʶܵη壬ͬʱͷ巺ݺݵҧһ촽˼֮ѿ˵ʣʣ
޵ģ˵˭͸˭۰ӣ˳ĬƬ̼˵߰ɣ޾͵Ǵδ
ѩ׷£巺ʶϣгʮָס֪ԼһҪˣûлˡ
ĸʣǻʼҲûѪ飡ɱͻлᣡ
аһ˲Ȼصѹֱϡ٬B͵˵ϰֵһ룬˵ĹҲһ˲䱻һ㣬޷
ʶ࣬ۿ˵Ĳ״һ˲ңվĵף֮ڵѹ糱ˮֱȥ
ʱῺͷǫѾ֮£һֽɡŻǵǰļˡ
΢¶̵Цݡ
飿ƹҲֱӴ
̧ͷһɽյĻǵʾǡ
ǡ
巺ʶʣ޼ڳϵ㱻ȫѹǰѹסûκεֿʶϷ巺٬BҲѹ
ǵȫûκζĬ˼῵Ϊ
ڴʱһӰƾճֱ֣٬Bķ򣬽٬B뻳Сһ㶣׷׾𵶽
῿Ӱʱһ˲Է棬Ҳһ۱ϳţ˵ס֣߰ɡ
ű٬Bͷؿ˼һۣ漴δһԷȥ
ŵıӰ۵ЩļˣһȴΪԼ
ֿܵѣҲзֿһաǱ˴ܻһձ㻤һգ´μ滹һƣҲ͹ˡ
һȣתͷǫɫܿҲԼı
ǫҲһϳţϾԷʵڹںñϣԷ֮ԴĽ˶һݹȻھǣܿͻϡ
áӦһⲽߵǰǷҪգ
仰ʵûͷûβٴ֮˽Զеĺ塣ӱƹɽѾ뾩սδ
ôʺϼٰǻ䡣
ȻûãǵбٴδһǼղ˸Ķ̫ӻǻȥ׼ǻɡ
Цһסǫض

ִվд䣬Ȼкһϵе׼
ĸʱƽῡ
¹ӸղμеɱҲһѪȣ֮˵ȹһ裬漴˵Ѫϴȫûкôմ϶ѾǵˡԭڳɻģһҹƲж˵
ƻͣƬ̣ų̾һһҹͳǧˣˡʵѹ򡣡
ģĴ򶷣ս˫Ǿİն֪ˡ
ǫԳĬһ£ǶڴΧʲô
֪ΪԽٽʱԽһֲõԤУȴԴһĴ䡣
Ǹ˻Ụȷ˳С
߹ͨأΣһЩӦһ˲䣬һ֮Ĵ㡣
Ӧòô򵥣ˡֱλʵ۱··Ǹüʦܵǻ˵֮ɴһƨ˵ϣһϵɱѾˣʲô뷨Ϳ˵ҿüš
ǫһҪ۶ģεظһ裬üͷȴȻ֮µҪȥ̨졭
Է˿ģ·Ѿ׵ȹҪȫ
ǫĬƬ̣ճ̾һԸˡ
ѩʱȻͣصڴ⡣Ů룬׼＾Ὸʱǫȴǰȡ˹ŮϵĻڼϣҵ
һЦͻȻֱסǫ˵ʦ֣˳֮û֪ҵɱҡ
弴ΪвʱҲ֮аɱ岢ûôס
֪ǫȼ֮˿벽ڼŮЭ£＾¹ڡ
ʱ̣װƿĴ˳
ٽʱùȡϵѪѾɨɾ
һ·Ӷ߹̩ţ㾭ҹҹɱвٰǰ񣬵·ʱɽꡣ
ߵ⣬ٹѵȺڵǰֵһ̷׷¹򳯰ݡ
ꡣ
´ŲδͣߵߵλϣϤ
ӽ𣬱ˡ


132 
λһķ˽ʱ, ̷ӡǫûйְ, ̫ӵ, һʼ²ɴ⡣
ֱһ˳žѹ, ʶῡ
Ҳǫ, ׼߹ʱλ׷ϻʵߵ̫ܹܱǰ
½ѾãǸȥ̨ˣʱ鲻á
ЦһǵȲ
̫ȫ, ҲֻЦᶨŵż῵·῿̫һۣ˦ӡԵС̫߹, æſڵϵ˶ա
ῲδС̫, ֱӷһԾ˽ӡ
ǫһ±Ǽ, 㲻սҲ֪ῴʱ鲢졣ͷһ۵ǰΣǸλܱͲ̫̹, ολòûȵ
̨ھϵ޻ɽ, ɽ·̾ᣬԵǵɫļ
һֱ졣Ҳڶ鵱, ڷǫ˵ŻʶȴŽ䱸ܡǸӡ
֮¶ɽ·͵ϮǾѵλáֵһûУѵϻʵĵѻλῲɣ
ǫԶ¶ߵ̨, üͷжٲ, ̨ǵˡ
ʯ̨ɽ·ͷ, ƶˣ·İߡ
ʯ̨·һƵݸⲽļΰʯ̨ء
˵аٹٵǰ棬̨Ψе͵ۺܹȥ
´ӹףÿ°̨֪µǻѾɣһļ©Ǹλϡ
һ¡
´ŲȻһ٣תͷ
ֻǫڶüۺЦһϷʵģȻ͵ۺ̨ĵӦҲԣ
üǫǺˣ
̫ӣǫ棬Ҳ¡ǫЦָǰ̨ǰӦܱԷ飬Ӧʸ񣬵Ǵ̨
ǫһ䣬Ȼ
ɾһ׵ԶٿҲǷ˵ģһ䣬ٹٵһ롣
Űٹٵ棬һʱ岻ԶɽڵΪܿ
῵ĿⲻԾڷǫϣĿ̨Ϸղ֪Ӧ÷ǫ·ܾĻȴζ˵ڡ
̨ǫ
ɫûûвµ۵ӣ˿ǫٳɫҲǸոո¶ͷǵСѣŪʲôӡ
ǫһЦǰס῵֣Яϳףһ·̨
֮ǵϷžغƴ󣬸ֱ̨֮ͨء̨·棬϶ʱֻҪΪ㹻һۿݡ
Ώعͷķǫֻѣ·ʱ𻯳˷ȥ
º͡ۺлأмġ·мЩͣ٣ǫĳԭǵļƻΧ֮ڡ
ǫͼῶһ̨ۣڳļ֮¡
û˵̨ϣ˶Ų
ʦ֣ǲҲݹˣ
ǫڰлأȻ῵Ĵ͵𶯣ȴΪΣС㲻ص
ῲΪ⣬ŷǫһͬߵݣҴӲأֻ㡣
ǫû˵΢΢
پߵ֮һָڼǰЩЩŹ֣ü
῾δٴδߴٵġ
῰ռĸһΣһؼƲڽɢǶվڸ̨ϣܿ·ڶĤݡ
ǫǰֵ֣ȴüͷ΢ʶס˼῵֡
һ£ж˼ģǾ£ܿǳôԶľ룬Ҳܿ·ȺĲ
£ڼῶУһԴǿƵѹ
һߣ֪μ첻ɡԥԺеּȥ
ԽԽʢ·ٹϣԶھܵҲܵ󣬷׷װлµۣһǼԼµǵ˵ˣעҪΪԼĵ
ῴʱѾˣڼһʱоһռ壡
ԭˣѹȲǻ
Ƿ˶ȡֱӶˣ壬ռ
῱˫Ŀԭϻʵܵһֱ̣ӻΣһߡ
һһܿһƬ῿ļȴδֹͣ˵Ѿͣˡ
мļӳ֣ܵԽǿ󣬼һʼ˼֣ܿѹ
ǼԭͲֹһ˵꣬ǫȻֻһƬǱʱѾ
ǫһû뵽Ĳŭֱ֮ӳȥ޽굱ȴԴֱӴ̽ǵ굱С
ܲڻ꣬벻±ǫĽˣ֮±˳῵ʶ
磬ǫҲڵһʱʶԣסΰͷڼ῵ĶͷϣԼʶҲ̽Уסʶȥ·
һڷǫЭ֮£콫ֱСܷȴΪʧڼ῵ʶС
ʧ֮󣬼Ȼ۾
ʶкֱײûˣֻһս֮ΪˣҲø
ǫͬʱ۾ΣȻɹ֪غ˰벽ȴһ˻ڻС
ɣ֮¼῵ͷסǫ
Ѿֹͣӽ̣ɢȥһϼߣƬȾɹɫ
ʱ֮󣬼ῺͷǫЯ¸̨
һֱڸ̨·һʱ̧ͷ˹ȥЩɵش˼ῼۣѹĵ׵Ĳ죬յϥ
һڵҲԶλϵǸˡһε¹򣬲Ͽ˼῵λá
Ⱥݣӭˡ
ڴͬʱɺ׵ȴ̨Ͽգɼҳĵһпźõķչ
Ŀǰֻǿ
ǵС
Ļ󷽣͵۾һѪֱ˳ԭͿϵһ˲øӳĺ
Ĵ󲿷궼ѾɣֻһСֽżĴصԼڡ˼άЩ磬ãؿܡ
ֱϽӰĿǿָһ˿
ʲô
ߵ֮£ݷһģһģңҲˡ
ԷЦǲڵһˣޣȡ޵һ̣
߲ûͣ½ŲһһرƽܣǱһˣֻԭǿ񡭡
û˵ȥһץסߣ˭˭һ㲻ҽѳȥһ֣𣬼ȻͱҲˣ
νһչں


133 ⻼
»ʵǻ, ٷϴ, Ͽݽߵȫʱ, ῷһֱæҹ, Ŷ°
, ῼȻѾǻӦסǵǡ˭֪ȼ˳ֻǻض·ʾͣȥ·
ƺ֪Ώд, һ˵ͷǰ̬ȹһֳϻ̳Ͽֵĵز£̫ϻڻǵУδǨ̫͵Ԥ, ҪЩʱա
ۿǹûһë鷢ĺ־һƬƤ, ΢΢һü, ڹ秵ƨǰ˰֣ʾȥǡ
ǫһڼ, Ȼⷬȫ, ΢֮Щɵ˵ӦöסŶԣôš
ν῰֮ϡĿ򻪸ǵķȥ, ɫĸ߸߹ǽ䣬ǵ̽ҹɫɻǳɱһΣȻҲɱڶΡ
ȻǻţҲѲһľءֻڻǵ, ոռλµ۴ڻǵ, Щ̫ҡҲҪһЩʱǹ˵, Ҳ̫áƾ֮ٶȻΪ׵
ⷬ˼䲻ǫ뼾ǣҲȫȻΪ῵ǻһ㣬ȴû뵽·أҲδ
뵱῾ϾʱԤνȻ֪ͬϾλ󣬼ûȷѪǱľûһæգҹҲûޣǫ㲻ô֧ˡ
νƻϲϱ仯
ǫ̾Ϣȴû뵽֮һգæزȥˡ
ǫеû£Ȼ䵱῵Ŀֳһʶǵ˲ʱĶһæڰ˵ӣһҹ˵Ļ޳롣
ȷǫҪʱȴֹֻڴǰȴˣֻ㬷
̫ϻǫһʶãҲóлסڻǵֻܷ磬ҵ¶ƺж񻯣ͨµۼڣκ˶
⻰Ͼǰڻɧºˡ
ֻǷǫ뼾ῶۼһаΪħһδвȥǫѰ˼Ƭ̾ȥ̫͵Ǳ̽̽ʵ
Ȼǫճյ½ţʦ֣ٴ̫Ҳƽһ롣
ǧټǰػȡ󣬲ûиܵ仯
½Ļû˵ǫеĺ塣̫Χ˵ŲûȫȥȻ˼ɽûٴνʧעһ
Ͼʱɿ˶ڴνӹλ̡ῼκûܱãһ񻯣ҲػľʧȫʧΨһӵļ῿»Ϊеġ
⻼
ǫЩЦô˵ǣͷβ޶ȵģ
Ψ跨ָһȺˣضΪʷҡԼ뼾мǸԴͷЩԴͷҵԴͷ˺꣬϶һ˿֡
ǫͷ۹ͷۣԶˮҲⲻ˽Ųɲ̫ͣ͵С
̫͵ʹϵһﻷࡣ
ǫ̫͵ΧʱʶһΧһǴΧƹģʱһǷֺǸԺ಻Զ
ܻѡطҲ΢ǫԺеˣϴ뿪ʱһСľСݿء
պûʲô
ţչעڼϣǴʱź֪طӦƺδ뿪ݰ벽ҲЩ̫Ծ
ôţǫٿݾߡ߶СľˣϢǱǶݣ߾Щʲô
ͬʱǫվ̫͵ϣԽǽԿһ߹ָ̫½ڡ
ңңػ̫಻ͣ߶ţСһ㣬̫ϻϲ
ǫһ£ϻʵϲ˵ҲʮˣаմͽŻͦӵġ
Ʒûа꣬ȻҲܳǫ뽫ʶһƿ֮ϣͻȻһʹСԺСľ˳⡣
ǫüͷһûٷֳʶתСԺȥ
̫͵Уһֱָӵ̫ؿһԺƳһۡ漴ܿջߣӴһԱ߱ŴƿС̫࣬Сһ»ƿĵ㣬̫ϻϲĻƿСĿԴ

ǫһʼĸоûг̫͵Сݾ벢Զ²Ƭ̣ѾСԺ⡣
СԺѩྻ£ֻǰǫʹСľ³һϸǳĽӡ
ǫûʲôԥƿԺ˽ȥѩĵڻʳļСԺЩĿİѩϣһս˵Сľ˱żҪӳȴʲô𷨴ݲСصѩϣֻʣһ룬żϡ
ǫСľڵǵʶȻѾˡСľ˵ĲݽֹСľ˽ݣţʶ㱻һ˵Сľ˺ɢ£ǫڵ¿˵һ֪
ؿǰСľˣʶȻſСԺСһϢһһѩڻʱ춼ڷǫ֮СûκϢûܳһģһˡ
ǰȥѩطɬսСľн̿մ˷ǫģ֮⣬дҲ˿˿Ƶš
ĪΪ
ԣ궼ɣ㻹ţҲǹӲдûеܴɢСľ֮ϵʶ
ѵǸòһߣ
ǫǰƿһ϶ӷ϶п˹ȥӴ͸ľϣͣƺûκ쳣
ǷǫкɫľȴⰲĻֻǼ
ǫûʲôԥתţȻ̤ű˼῵Ĵʦ֣ȥҲ𶯣վԭصң
ֹǼзǫ꣬ǫҲмµӡǣʶʱ῱иӦ
῵ʱڴżλ󳼵ةΪ׵ϳΪ»ʵǻӦ£巵ȼλӡɽҲڸ֮С
һ˵λȨأȴЩƱˣӲͦΪ⼸˶ı޿ˡӦϰ졣
ΪȻ˽һʱ
ԭͷţȴͻȻɫ䣬䣬ǵ˳ȥ
ʱǫֻѾҪ̤УЩЦáģʦҶˡ
˵ŽУ˵ֱ̤Уͬʱһֱ䡣Ӵ⿴ʱѾһ˿Υ͡
ڽ֮£ǽŤһ¡


134 
ǽ治Ť, ǫʶһ, ɾŲŵĵһʱҲ·һƬ, ǫº㡣ͬʱ, ŤǽŨ, ģ˷ǫ
ķţȻϡ
ǫ֪ԷʮգŻὫԼҲѹ֮ǰСľڵʶδܽڱ㱻ɢһ, ĻꡣʶȻʵȻܲĳײ
ֻ˵СľˣȻҲΪ, Żճֳǰ״
Ȼ, ǫʼҲĹ龰Ūһ, ֮󷴵оֻǱܵЩ
һ۱ϳЩ궼ǵ걻Ⲷ׽ڴ˼, ֮, ʩչͨĨȥЩʶֻʹ̰ıܴڡ
ܹ׳Լķʽֻ, ʲô۳ɻҪøΪ
ǫһն֡⾭ǫ߶ȻǾն֮ԣһȵϢ, ɱء
Ĵܶ, ߵֱնĽ֮»˷ɻҡ
ǫ趯ն, ľһžЩûʶ˵޶ɱһǻ۵ΣȻҲ顣ֱ֮ӽ곹׽顣
ǫʽ󿪴ϣȴ鶯رܿеĳ衣ĶСľס֨ѽ֨ѽҡǫֵóһСľС˵ǫ˸ڵأСľǰ·һ硣
ӿûȫƾܣȻὣ׵Ķ֡Դ˽ӳ˿ζĵ㸡޾͡ǽҲһȥƽ¾ɡﻹǼݣûˣҲû
ǫһƱ㰴˲ߵǽڣһƣű㶯ˣ¶ͷһխխ¥ݣһ·£ûޱߺڰ׼¥ʱһֱյķűһײ
ǫδоΣգתͷȥһۣɫ԰סǫ˼ԭһЦû¡
֪ǣ֪ǫʧһʶҲ֪û¡Щ£ȷϣŲ
ۿȻһǫȻʧЦҲЩůԼ֣ϲɸпһЩꡣⶼӦˣôʦ֣̫ŵƣʦгһյûҵƤ
ȴһץס˷ǫ֣뻳С
ǫЦãɲΪ󱧱
ȴûɿ֪ǫȻ⣬ʵлǲ̫ණЩ˭ԲܣҲԸ
Ƭ̺󣬼ΏǷֱֻۣ뷽ǫȻνգЩԾ⼸طǱǵУһ˵ϢûС
ǫһ£漴±Ǽⳤ̾һ˶͵͵ĵܣһŶԷ
ȥɡ῿ǫ飬̾˿ǫǽ档
ǫüһӦǲüȥǸطһνȥʱͲýֱӻ
ֻǿǵﵽмῺĸ׵Ľ䣬ſס˵ʱĽ
޷˵ЩѾȥˡɫƽŷǫֱȥ
¥ݺխֻһһ󡣷ǫż῵ıӰͷһʱЩӡ¥Ҳ̣ܶʮ˱ֲƽסҲ󣬼ɳ㲻ڣҲԱơҲδС
ǽѪ߰ߣǽңһƬ˵ĺڣ·῵Ŀⶼȥʮ
ǫһǰס˼ΰʲôûУͷҲڣ˵زؾǻȥɡ
˵ţǫļ῵һۣϽġ
ҲѾԪӤڣôСһ䣬ǷǫҲһʱ俴巿еһУһů
ӷǫģҲûκ˸߻¥ݿڣδ¥ݣȴͻȻͣ͵תͷķ䡣
δڣڳֻһŲ֪ܲ˵ľľµӰһֻݱƾ
ɿ˷ǫ֣ľԡлңŲ̤ʱһ῵ֻ𣬴῵Ƽʱѱ󣬾ӯӯ»
ǫ˼ֻСƻúڶ۾
ױġ῿һϵƣоǫ߽˷ǫϡȻеƣĻͷɡ
ǫһ£ϵСƣһʱСĻָ̿Уǲǲ̫ʣ
ҲЦ⣺û˱ʡ
ǫҲ漴չЦաһ̣СƱ鶯ظ߸Ծͣ˷ǫļϣСڶ΢΢ƣһȺ۵ӡ
С⻹ͦɰġǼΪġǫԼʱ⺢ӱҧˣ֪Сһʱ򣬻᲻ֻС˵˵а
ῸĶȻǲġ
῿ڷǫͷŰСܾԼһܻԼĶ֪ΪЩͷۣ߰ɡ
ûֱͣ뿪ҡ»ص֮󣬷ǫ̾һ˵챧ǸҲ㡣
ദ˼أܹоԷ⣬ֹ˼ῳɱˡ
ô˵ҡҡͷӲҪĻǷ˵ĸࡣ
ǫҲûִ£ȥ̫͵ǰյ½źͼһ¡
˵Ҫ׼üͷõУķδȫƽϢɽϢռٶۡ
ǫЩĲɵ˵Щ㵹ǲòģɽǱҲ˲̽ǻΪֻҪ̫ӵݣ̫Զĺܡ
´ŲȴͻȻͣʦҲȥ飿
ǫһ£ĿǰֻͼȥԴͷ̫Ĵʦ֣Դ
δʵڷĲ¼ῡջóȻСԺҲδûдԭ
ûȵǫش𣬱˵ٵգͬȥ
ǫһ£Цõ̧һ¼῵ͷ˵ʲôأʵ۵ˣɽ˭
˭Ը˭⻰ͷֻǼתһ⣬㱻ȥʦȥҲ㣬ɲԱȥǸط
˵ίίòһˣȴƫӣһ˫ʢˮķǫĶˡ
ǫЦõ˵һû˵Ҫߣⶼˡ
´ŷǫ֣ᣬٸһʱ䣬һ̫졣
ðǫҲѣֻǺЦ˵һǷһ´䣬ʱһϡ
һ£ǣãҵš
ʱˣҲһʢģ½֪ĵ´䡣
ȫ֤Ӵ֮һ˵ġ


135 
ǫ֮˶й, ǰ˸, һʶ̫͵, ڻǵ, Ҳûʲôر, ֮Ҳֻÿշֳʶȥһơ
ֻһںЩֳ˼ˡֻ뼾ῶڶס׼ϸҹ˱ǰʾ, ˵ǴձԿʼʦǵˡ
ϢСǷǫ̫͵ʶһ糣̫͵δסС
ϰԵؽЩ̷˶ȥҹ, ǫΪƵ, ̫͵Ҳ˼ῡڵ, ֱ߻żۡҲûʲô̫Ӧ̫⣬հȥǵ֪
Եǻ֮, Ҳ浽ס, ܶԻó
ǫ˵ͷż῵ĲֲЩпǰΪ˼ϵɹֳô, ᲻֮˿Բ߲ݣиʱˣ
ôţǫߵ£һⷭҳ, дӬͷСʱЩ֡
ǻ, ߹顣ͷûֱ̧˵ᡣ
ǫһ, ԼСĳˣӲ˵ĸоСʱǸƢӲǿСƨҲӿЩϻƪۣһܼǵݡ
Ȼᵽգǫ˵Ҵһˡ
ռȻҪȥǵ˵Ӧܣڹ޷ӦȥһʵԷġ
ǵЩʱգȥ̨֮⣬ûгš
῱ͣһ˲δȻϣǫ뿪ԼߣȴҲһֱڹڣá
վ£ȥѰǡ
Ҳ˷ǫɫлԥ˵ǵһ²ģй˸ǱҲ˶š
ڵʲôС˵ǫ̾˿⿴ῡ
еǵ¿ԽԽǫһʱۣס῵򦣬ֱӴȥ
ҹͷǰۣЩѾҪˡ
ɫ̧Ϩ⡭

ȷǫѵʱѾˣǻЩ㱣ʶһ߷û֮󣬷˿
ǫ̾Լ㣬Ѿǵڼαɫ󣬴ϱǷ˵ġ
ⱲҲǷ̫࣡
ǫƵشӴջҪ̲ס̾һ¶Ĵӽҹ뼾῱ʮϵľ롣
Ȼʵ񡭡Ҳ
̨֮󣬷ǫΪ῵һʹʹûκݣ˼޲ߵסһ·˳˳ǰʱֵҲѽӵ˾ŷС
ǫӱţ˻ʹ
вãϱҹϮѾȥգָֻյķʢģһ·ᣬӯ粡
ĳﶼǴ˼ҵӵܣйְģǰ̷ֱλ໥á
һﻪ챦ʢݵľ
ǫһо̻һСһǺ«ǵζСûܼǮͭһ̧ͷǿһĹӸѲǰ
ڷߣᱻϷסɹ۴
˵û޷ԴˣأҵʵʵšֻԷǫ˵ҲسɴĲСû̧ͷʱѾеǺ«ǰ
ǻķΧ뿴ı仯Ҫǡ
ɷǫ֪ģһ١һ٣оڿԼ
ȺУһҩ־ϲؿ
ĿӣŶʱ¶ɾЦݣ첽ǰ
ֻߵԽ¶ЩЩнǫһ֪ΪԼմ²˼һЦ֮ǰӵһԼȴԼƫ˸հűȵʦܣš
ŶһֽرסǫһЩʵʦ֣㻹ţʵ̫ˡ
ǫӵһʱЦõŵĺ󱳣ˣˣѾˣͥڵĿޱҲ±˿Ц
ڨڨ֣ʦֶԲҡ
û˵ͱǫסԴˣûʲô
ǫ˵꿴һеҩģӴȡҩƿӦöãЩ˵㡣
Žӹƿһ£Ʒĵ㣬һϲѹûѷǫĻ¡ʦ֣ҪҪȥڳⲻԶԭסڳпջģֻҵ֮󣬳±಻㣬ұڳһСԺ
ǫҲҪǿһԴȻûʲô顣
˳֮󣬱뿪ػΧǫԸоǿоĴڡ

ǫźòײԼо£һŵߵˣţûиоԾ
ſЦɽȻûáɺ룬ʱһֱڼ١񣬳ȴԼʯ̵ؼѾʣ޼
˵ɫһ࣬ûĵطˣΪ٬Bջָòʯ⼸Ѿöˡ
ŵĿղûά̫ãڿԶСԺʱָ˻ıߣʦǰ͵ˡ
ʱּңҲʳ֮ңһλСүȻͼһ굫Ҳ῱ĺܺãٺ㵽̫죬һ·ŵӱ״˳˳ˮ
˵С󶼱ĺܺáͻޱ䣬Ҳûиıĵ
ȻǫڿСԺһ̱Ȼͣһѽק˻ͬʱһСԺš
СԺȻһ󷨽⣬ǰ壬ֻǱǫǰƽ˶ѡ
һ£ûŪʲôһ춯صĿ
磡һԺУͿ٬Bվ¿ȵֱѪ˳ָԭδյ󷨷ɣվûξѾˡ
ǫֽ˽ۿŻŻŵشӴƿͳһҩ٬BĿС٬BĿһ٣¶һѾı顣
ǫüЦЦֱ˺˱ƽͣġ
٬Bվֱ壬ĿƳǫΣ
ʹ㣬ȴ
ȴ٬Bһشǣɱˣֻס˶ѡ
ǫ̾˿εüģҵɵʦܣץס㣬㻻ӣô˵
⻰˵ֵּ֮ͬʱĬˡ
ſ˵֪
ֳСʱƴȹҵһΣҲҪ


136 Դ
٬B۾ǰĵܵܣ, Ͱҽĵ´оȳΣ
һȴܼҡҡͷҪɱ, Բ, 
٬Bһ㻹˵ʲô, ǵͬΪû˵, ͱǫ̧˹ȥ
ŶԸ̬֪ȴû뵽ǫ֡æг˸壬ʦֵãдѯζ
Ϊ˵ʲô˵ĻҲΪȫǫ˦˦, ΪһЦģûǡ˵ȥһ᲻Сİν
ŴСʦֵĻ, Ҳûκε, ֱӱ٬BŻڡ
ǫҲ˽, Сݲڿžͺƶûʲô, ȴһ
˵Ҳ֪Ϊ˭õġ
Ž٬BСĵڴϷƽ, Ϊϱӡ٬B˯ʱǰݶ, ֻĿ㲣ǫһʱ䲻ֵ֪ܶʱնദģҲΪ̾һ
ڴߣҲǾؿһ٬B, , ǫһԣΪ, ֻּʣһˡԵҷʱҺܿġ
˵ţֶ˶٣չֳǾˣ˵δ;ѻ٣˵ʦ֣ܲðῡñ²Ҫ׷һỤҲֻһգ㲻Ҫһεֻ˲ʹˡ
һ˵Ĳ죬Ҳƽһ˿ȴ쳣ƿĿ⡣
ʵ֪ġ֪ʦһӦԼҲ֪ѾΪʦֵԵ࣬ĻῴϷŹ٬BҪһʵʵĳŵ٬B
Ų֪ǲǾͽɡ
ãһֻºĴᰴһԴСʱǫǫ¶һ˿Ц⣺̫ɡ
һ˶ѣ̫컹
һ£͵̧ͷǫǡ
ǫһŵĻؾͻأĶôǡ
ųƬ̣Ҳ֪̫ȫֻΪ٬BݣֲΧ̫һۣԲҴȥ
зǫĻ̫û˻ᷴ٬Bš
˼תΪֳİȫջǾ˴ʦֵ飺ллʦ֡
ʦܣҲ̫ƾǵ״ӡǫһŵգ̫ļңΪ˺¡
ǣؿŷǫ
ȥǫһЦӴȡ۷õԺУͬʱҲȡ˳飺ãҰͻ̫졣
ڹʱ䲢ûҹԭ飬ȴһ񣬻ǵлջ
ʦַģһȫȥ飬ͻȻһɫ˵ֻǡʦ֣ʯ
ǫԶԣֹ˼Ʒʯ
һѰңҪҪǫۿһѿֳߣ̲סһ䡣
Ŷһ˲˵ˣټġ
˵ŻͷǫչһЦδϲʦֺͰῡ
űüĿ㣬һ⿴Щ̫ЭһЦȴ˵ʿݡ̫õףҲ˵ϣǺͺԶһ𡣡
ǫҲһЦ˵õģǻġ
û˵ʲô˽ۣʯĴ߶£Ʒʡ
ǫû뿪СԺ˲ʱῴҴҸӰ
һ㣬Ѿˡǫϣɹչ⡣
ῲΪһߵǫԱߣס˷ǫ֣Ҳģġչ˺ԼҪҲġ
ǫסֵʱԺвԾǰҹƤʶһֳ
գգ۾вԾ¶Ц⣬ȴ¶ί飺۵ˣ
˼
ǫûס˼һۣԷһЦ
ҲİʦǼˣһתʵʦγ鵽ʲô𣿡
ǫ̾˿ضݽˣҴ㵽ʲô
һɻҰѿصɽ֮ϣرΪηǫԼε̾һãȥ
ǫѾţҲ죬ֻڳʱһСķ硣
ǫżῲڽԼ֣Цõıʾһûϵôҡ
˳شӽʦִҡ
ҾǵϹ
ǫԼճ˵ĳ̶ȼֱˢ֪ΪεؼնϷɽճҩһһ·ɽ
ǰرأǫͼǰɽǰĹٱΧǳ⣺ʲôˣ
ֱ˷ǫǰϽɫԡ
ɽǰʿæμ£
û˵ŷǫֱ̽뵽Сûй濪ضĵġ
֮أӦ㡣ǫͼΧʱû̫о֮ȴãʯƺ̫ࡣ
ǫüͷʯڵȡеһʯз
һƷʯѣʲôرĵطǫֳֻʣ»ɫĿʱȴԳĴһɫ
ǫһ£ʯõǰǡ
ῴӷǫʯǣУȴǺڵǻһ͵ܳȴǿ첻ֱմ
ͬʱ˵
Դ֮ЩƷʯеһģһǫڳ˼ʯԽʯԽء
ǫ̾һԴ֮ûҵİ취ȴδ뵽ᷢ͵ô졣
ܲٻȥһ׹°ɣ
̫˲һߵͷʱѾٸоģܳŨ
ɫ̫ÿֻĥɵ˵ȴΪѡǿܺܿӭĩʱӰһת
ӣ罫޻档
ȻԴ֮Ũ˶˶ٶӰ졣ûʲôȴ᲻÷ǫ̫ãŷǫߣ뿪
ʱϾһ·̽ȥȴҪࡣسɴ磬һ㵽ڡ
ǫ룬ſһӡӡڣеûа취ӳǶ֪ϾҲǳ֮ơ
Ҳ϶ֹһ
ȥ·ϣǫ̫ǱȡϵǼͽھδȾʯӡ
ϵ֮󣬷ǫ̲ס̾˿̫츽ܷסôηĹ˼ſڵģôͬȥӡ
ҹĻ֮ǰ»صУһȴֱӻصĻǵ


137 
ǵӭ, ɨһ¡յĵñʰһ¡ǫ뼾῵˽ﲢ, һȥȴһƬյġ
뷽ǫ, ǵʱ, ǰɲ, һĸо֮ǰܲħʲôģҲȫʧˡ
ŮƸ߸ߵϣʱһƬů֪ӵķڹдԺ, ĵض˳ȥ
῿˷ǫһۡʱķǫҲۡ˵ǫԤϣЩʧûֽšҲڴ˴
ǫԽԽ, ǻԶҡϵ, ֮ǰ쳣Ϊȵ, ĪϵҲֻǸ²ѣ
ѵһʼˣǫ, üͷ
ָûڹУԡΪ, ֱλʦ档
ҡҡͷߵǫߣ˺п̫͵, ջ跨̽䡣
ۿżҲϣǫͻȻ˶ֱ壺಻࣬ϧڣץΪá
ԿЦ, ̫ûбȷǫ͵, еƫƫˮͻ, Ҳù
һϹˣҲİҵˡ
ţ֪ôЦһ¡ѾȶʼϢķǫҲһ˿ůǷǫ¶ġҲˣи߲ʵҲֻѪİˡ
˷ǫҲȻûֱӽӴϢȴѽڣΧѭתںϡ
ң㡣
һҹ޻ڶһ緽ǫյ̫촫Ļţ̫ڵйҲ
һ¹غشҾѸ£ɼҺճϵĻӵд˳Ļȴ˼ԥֻǡ
ճȻû˵꣬кȴԣһһ̫ͼῶʸ֮ġ
̫Ϊɼҿףȷ궯ңû취ŲҴ¼̫ųϢƱسѹ
ճ϶ԴѾ׼̫Ͼ˶ڡԥֻ·ǫΪҪ̫ࡣ
ȴû뵽ǫȫû뵽ԼճϻеףֻЦһ̫졭ʱ¹תͷŵµˡ
´ǰĥīдʥּ㷽ǫǰҲ֪дйءȻҪ£Ϊϸ
ʦ御ȥǡǫһЦ˵Իֵ֧ס
ճҲδм῵Сӵһ乧ϲ㡭
ءǫ˵ʦȥæɣҲ̫æˣСĵͷ
Դƾʧ֮ճϴ̫죬ңֱģԺƵ
ճһ䲻˵Ѹٵ˺ͷǫ֮ϵ
ǫϵ֮Цһգҽմȥ̫͵һۣǽΪһûȥݹš
ȻһʶȥСݵ֪ʶҲɿ
῵ʥּûд꣬һ٣ֽ϶ʱһīʥּǳ׷ˡʦ㡭
Ļû˵꣬ͱǫù𻨸ס졣ʦֲСӣˡ㻹иҪҪο㲻˵Ǹû̫͵𣿻ʲô
ǫ˵ָĿ῱µʥּ
üһʥּȴδٷһԡ
ʦߵһӯ£¾Լߣֻ׷Χ

ʹһǳһ̫ӳֽ̫ֳµ£ӲҪءŲ͵̫ϻ밲衣
ס
ӣ̫ϻͣȻȥɡ
λ̫࣬΢ظڷǫһ·ŬȰ
Ϊˣ̫Թ¶зִ磬Ȼ֪ܲǰɽ缫ʢйɾֻˣԺٻԼһԷ
ƫƫǵʥϵϿɵĵ¡빬ȥʥϳʱͲֿ˼ܣ˵ʥΪ˾λɾϧգ˫˫ء
ˣ
ƾ̫Ȼû취סǫģȽŶλɾĴǣգ֮һξ룬ǰ̨ף빬֮󻹴δݼ̫ϻʣʵ̫ʧˡ
ǰǫԥ˵
ǫ㲻ͣӭŵǰû塣һ˷ǫʶյ
ǫͬʱ̧ƿ˴ţһϵѩƮƮ̫͵ڷȥȻûκ˵ټ
ȥĶˣĻ
ǫתͷʶһصҸĶ
ῶûгڵĳƺǫھȻҲΪִˣƺ龰УȻѹ
ЩһʱûӦɻش𣺡Ҳ֪
ǫΪ⣬̧űҪ߽УŸһȣȴȻоһѹԼʩǫŲһȻѪء
㲻ͷҲ֪ǳ顣
ǫͷһۣƽƽؽһҲ̤˵Уǰ̫ϻʧٲС£Ϊûϱ
ˮһѹͼ÷ǫ¹
ǫüͷһնʻ棬ϷһѺۡԭվñֱϽݺᣬһ̬
ֻԼֻ֪Ǹ翹ѣ˱ƣƶ벽
һգַ֮ǫ
ڳ֮ǰ῵ס֡
ϻ۵Ȼɢȥż῵ķǫ΢΢˿߬նһɣ㼾ῲҲаս³һ˽ǡ
ô˹򣬷ǫ̫͵ɨһܣЩź˵ûڡ
ⲽ߽ڣֱԽɹݵĳ飬Ҳûʧˣֱߵǫߣҵ𣿡
Ҫʲôū̫ຬЦ˽ūԹ죬Ķ֪Ķ
ǫһЦʵɿдһǣ
̫¶ãı飺ǺˣӦòڹӦְ˰Ȼūû
ǫһֱ̫࣬ı鲻̲סЩʧЦԼгһձἰڹӦְ֪Ǻα顣
Ȼǵ̫͵ûǱ飬ܴܿߡ῿ɳĬڵϳ飺Ķ
üͷδ𻰡
һһѹ⺮Ҷɪɪ졣
ɫƬ˵̫ϻڹھں󹬽㡣
лǫżΰת֮С
⾰ǺסῲδɹκˣǫͬסһֱգҲδ
ῺͷǫΪֻǳ֮ȴңңܵӰ


138 
ġ
һˮ, ɫصĽסˮ档ڳһʯ, űһ, ԶԶĴˮСһ, ģشһҡ֪˭, ˴Ǻεأ»ΪֻһѰĴ̡
ŲʱһͣˮֱͻȻһƮ, ƿˡ
ϣ㹳ûˡ
ɫ, ûİɥҡҡ, Ǹֻ߱ȥ
Ŀתضƽĳ棺ˡ
ǫŲһ, ǽ̫㡭ԸϹЦ̫ôиֱλʵǸɴûСԼߵߵ, ܾúСˡ
ûпҲܵزǰ˲̫Ծ, СʱͲǵˡƾصܵν棬ȷǰ˲Ǹͼռ, ˵ȫǡ
סǫ䱸ؿǰߡ쳣ĲϣѾ˹ϡ֮꣬һξҲܸܵԷϵĳĺɫ˭
תͷ˼, ɫдȰ, ȴǲ˺ĸĸܡ
ȻԳΪ, ·Լµˡ
վԭδнȴֱֱɨܡִԷǰʱȴһ㱻ʧ
ˣҪ赶Ūǹġ˵˦һ͡
ǫһЦֱߵԱ߿ˮеĽ𣺡Լģֺο˵ˡûӵͶʱڶˣַʽ㣬ϹӣҲֻܵį
Ȼ¶ҲܿɫͣѹûдǫĻȻż˵Ѿģʲô
ῸоԼ˳Цɱҵʱ򣬾ûһ㣿
ûǿˣúĻʵ۲𣿡еķѾۿɼؽ˵㻹ɱɣ
Ľһʴܣȴõסܵƣһڵĺۼĵط¶
ⶫȥ귽ǫҲûٴΣȴǲܸϤˡһǫҲѾ˽ʱ׼뼾ϣɱǰˡ
ջ֡ԾͽԿ˵ǵ۷ˣη֮ɫЦͣϸϸؽųһ˻ȥȻ̵ߡ
ûһ˿뷽ǫһʱ侹ûҵʳڡ
ܵĽŲҲܴݣɱǣҲɱңȥɡ
ǫȴһܵȥ·ǰܵĿ֪֪裿
ܲδΪǫ̬ȶŭ·һ˵ͷһѧˣȴֻѧĲײʧߣ׹ħһձԼɳ˵ЦЦؿǫǰ治ǻΪôˣ
ԲҪȻƺǫһ±ӣ˵λ־ǹˡ
ȷʵôͬûгɹ
Ϊ깫ΪˣǿȡᡣҲȫӰ죬Ϊλഫȴ
ʧȥ֮󣬷ָҲѭ
沿Ťһ£漴ָֻܿƽǰ·ˡǽģ
ȻֹǫйֻĽȻѵˮûнʱнԽͺܷ
ۼûжֵ˼һ㣬վرι𣺡ô£ϵģеġ
һոձ˵ƴʱѾȫϣ˻κ֮󶼻ںһͻᱻȾô򵥵ĵǻῴ
ǫתͷˣ
ӵǺȥĽˣҲһ£Ŷȡϵ٣ȡȴֻ
ǹˣѵԴͷȾһͬµĹ
ԡ֮ǰѾ١
ǫһ˲ûι㣬ֽʣµĸȫȥ˳ɹϢǻʲô߰ʵ飿
飬ǾͶˡµܵҲˣ˿ʯͷʱһŮˣȴΪʣһڲͬĺӡǧ˻Ҳ³ôһĺӡ
ɫһ䣬ûָգеŮ˺ͺָ˭ȴԶѡеĹǽһǿƲסɱ⡣
ûиоһ㣺ƽһγֲģΪ˽⡣
˵תͷ˹һЦ޽ԼʵܵʬԼֳ룬ѲҪĸȫ˳ȥҲ󲿷ֵҡһΰǰʶ˴󲿷֣ҲܶȨ
⻰һǫͼ῵ɫһ䣬ǫϿҵ۵е̬
ܲûںǫֻۣǴȰؿżΰȻ޷ӵ̰ĶӣСʱ޻㡣
еĹǽһ޿ֱ̰Ӵܵüġ
һδǽԼͣͬʯ˵ˣǵΪɱޡ
ôŤİܲ𡣡ǫ˵ҲһնǳˮҲĽתˮģſҧܡ
һβãشˮԾһ˲ͱһͻ˳Уĳˮһݣ漴Ǳ˳С
̶̵ļϢ䣬ǫͼѾαУǵĹǰȫʧЧˡ
ǫüͷһնջУ漴δӦʱץֱۣȴץһա㡭
˻ŵʱ֮ʱȴڵظʲôطΪסҽ˼䣬ÿʮֻܵһΡΪ㣬ǰ˽ʧ⡣ʧ֮Ҳסˡ
ޱˣȴΪַͬһ統СɱޣҲɱǡܲΪ˵ţգۼڼǰȻΪΪλŹ㡭
ɱңͳϧΪҡҡͷȥȵɽڻһԡ
͸ˣΪŵȫԼϳһʱҲ׵յ㡣
ȴҲΪ˿Խ磬綼ڵˡ
ǫҲЦˣһȴЦģԼ⣬ȴҪĶֵοԵʣµɽ𣿡
ܽŲһ٣ɫҲЩҰܣûϲֲ״̬ڣת
Ļû˵꣬Ͼ֪УǧǰѾˡ
ǫͼ῵ɫȴȻˡ


139 
Ȼһ, Ҿߡ
ɽ𣿡ǫͻȻһЦ˵ô༫Ʒʯ, Ҳͻơ
˵Ѳз, ɽڵʿȴ١ɼ, Щɽڵʿ, Ҳ಻ԸԼԴȥɻ
ǵ²У˭Ҳ֪Ӧô֪ľԼһòǲܹȲΪһԶȫ׵, Ҳȷʵÿ˶С
῿ŷǫЦֻЩĿʦ֣ҡ
ȼ˵, 㱻ǫһڴϣʲô, ұȥ
Цһûлشһڱ, ǶöԷһ˶ԡ
Ϊµ۱ͷæŷǫ, һ󹬾ȥ鷿¡ʱ, ڼ῵֮ڣȴñȼ뷽ǫƲҪ졣벻е, ѿʼɢµʵΪǵۣһʱĻ̡̻
УҲ֪ǶԼй˼ɣɴ, Ψƣ˵ɡ
ɳ˼öű꣺ֵռҡԼ, 𶫡ϺһҲѾ, Ҫһ˵
˵ţƶ˶١ָ̫ڵһƬɽ̫ѾټµţȥӡδȾ
῾صһȴûҪ˵ȥ˼΢΢üֻ˵ҪһࡣʦǱǲҲ˳
֪ģʦš֣лһ˲һ˿ůֿһЩŭȵļΰ˵ͷ˵ֻʱһ㡣ټЩźܼûһһҵĻΥƻ
῵촽𣬿ɳϵ̫졣
ЦŸ߼̫ʣӦΪȡ˸ʱġ
῵ĿȴԵЩ˺ֻܶ࣬Ҫһ˻УԱⱻ˺
ӴλԾԼΪ˵ǰ̫Сˡͷһ𣬼῱ʱ޹еķǫ漴¶Ц⡣
ԭһֱΥôȴһˣ
ƣѯԷڸؿµĶԲߡ
ϧ²δõķչձ㴫̫һϮһ¡
⾩δңɼҵȴһƬӵĳϵĿ죬˲޳һƬ֮⣬
ǫû뿪ʹҲûɱģǽԼΪǵǱ飬ռĬд
ͻԪӤ֮󣬷ǫǿ࣬ԭЩģϸ֦ĩҲġиŬ£῵ͺرˡ
м˽ʮĹЩָҲ֮˹ȥ
Էǫ˵ָĶ֮дӲҪῸҪԴûι
һε͵ԭеıﵱһΪգһʱһаꡣ
յֻһͬάȵĿռ䣬ʱҲʵʵɹȥġԭǫĴЩߣһҲδ̫į˵ȴò
еʱߣӦǰƽĳзֵġԶӡڲرУֱῷֲؼա
Ȼûٸῴ鷳ⶼеľˣ뵱޹ء
ƽ뾩ܲԶһձɵִ
ǫɺͷۣͷ۵ҪԭⳤţǵһӦ׼ŸɵšǵԼĻ˴СѲɻñװ
⣬üͬҲһѽ⡣
ǫûǹ͵͵ߣֻ뼾ǵ£ٻƺЩ̫ص
ǫǺͼֱԼĴ㡣
῵Ļش֮еģͬȥ
ȷǫͻȻһССֲƵ˷ǫϡ
ǫ˿Сٿǰġῡʱǰ˻Ǹˣɫ԰˵㣬΢
ڵطõõǱȷǫ˳άգʦֿɺã
ǫεص˵ͷ㹻ˡ

ƽھߵһ򣬳ű㽨ڡ
ձսУſعؿͶʿ˽ǡ
ʱƽſվһ׷׺ӵͷϴͨĲ£һؿǰ顣ҪдΪó
ôӵ
ԥΪףó֮Ҵɨһۣĵ˵һƷʯ
ô
˵꣬Ϊͷ˻֣ߣ
⸱ģѾ˷꣬ΪҲƲסϻⱲͻˡ˹ŸϲսûʯûҪ˽ǡ
һӴóһƷʯӵϣʱ¶һɫԲˣϷԽȥ˰ɣ
Ŀ̽ؿ±ڵסǵЦаȥɣϲòҪܡ
Ե˵ͷƽ
յͬ˵˸򡣡
Ȼװ֮ķǫĻȻҲ˶УһʱЩЦá̵ģԽ˷
ʦҵĴŮ
῵Ĵδ˵꣬ͱǫض˻ȥ죬Ȼ㡣
ڳǰϦҲ֪Ķ˼ȹӣͼ÷ǫ˱װȻЩȹڽ֮ȫ鲼Ⲣûм᷽ǫӰͼ῵ڴ
Ϊ˲ʱһᣬ̼һ´ʦ֣ĳһܹء
ƽĽֵϲûжˣҼҷŽգżдΪ·ҲǽŲҴҡ
ڹͷͨĽɲ޲졣
ǫ߽ʱвʿǰҲ˹ȥһȴʵʵ
֪ͰΪĸһˡǫϰԹ±ӣվſ̾Ϣ
ῲ˲䷽ǫ󣺡ΪʦȡΣ
ڿɴС͵͵ۡҲ㡣
ǫüû˵ͿΣֻ⣬ܱ˭Ҳòһƺܴס
üһ˽ȥʵڲġ
ǫţʶԼĴ
һӺ󣬷ǫƾһ鼫ƷʯɹĳΪġϱͬʱһӰ˵ĺԺɽ˳С
Ϸų壬Ⱦַ֮ӣΪŻָϹᡣǫ̫ĵ˵ţѾƽִԺļϣ˳ԼԼļٺӣϷֻнؾżõһ鼫Ʒʯ׸ҲǾһˡ
ΡԭǶԼƷʯȤܹӼһͷȤʱʧһ롣ؾлԵɺ̫࣬ͬһؾҲҵͬ
Ʒʯ̫ѵã֮һϣΡҲӼʵ֪һؾУֵʯ
ǫͣƬ̣ĿƵŴ⣬뵽˻䵱Уֻ֪ΪǱԣ̲סһѡ


140 ͼ
ŵĲرںԺ˵ǡر, ССɲ޿ԳƵĵ̡Ҳ䱦, ȴֻЩЩֵҲڴ˵ĶС
ΪصһƷ齣, ҲΡ彣ŷ۹, ر졣
ȻûлΪر, ر󲢲˰أֻǲݲһǱ紵Ҳδ˿Ϸ죬ȥ, ¶һ
῿һ۷죬αøСһЩǡͨνȥԭһ˳, û뵽սͷ̽ر, о˾Ȼץסβ͡
ƯС, ѽ
ۣͯȴ޷ִ硣ק˲رŷ, ͷȥ, ŷʵһԼĪĺͯ
ῲ֪ԼⷬСôôӽģͼ, Ϸβͱ˽߬һѣһʱá
⺢ô£
ףСǲǱסˣ㣡Ǻͯק˼ѾûܽӲӵĳСȫϳǼӾ硣
῵צβС廹ԺŪͯ˵, ¶ͷ, ⾪, ¶мǱȻ
֮£һǺҲ֪ģָֻ͵شһʹһٵͷʱƯġСߡʧȥټСƬ̣۵һ
춯أѾرļҲŵһ£漴ըëһܽ˲ر
Χȫ̵ķǫûסЦ
Ρһ飬̲סһǡ
Ǹ̲ס˵顣ǫʶظпҵɹϺʱһؾУؾɾ㣬һһλӡ
Ϻص˼ĵطȷʵؾȴǹ̶ؾĶһ
ЩؾҲûƣЩؾֻĳһƮ龳кпܱȶʱս顣
ΡʧȥȤ׼뿪
ǫͻȻ˵ǶԴ˴ؾȤµǿԽͼ
Ρһ٣ͷֻһЦݣǾˡ
ڼῼ֮ǰòλˣҲԼϳš
ǫȻûȥʲôϺؾϹΣһϷΪڸ۲ͬĸۿڼ߻ѵó·ߣǫûٻʱڻƵͼϡ˵ǫԻ滭һûκ츳ܲ׾ֻлƵͼһ£ǫøɫ
Ρǫ±ʳţеĿͼ˵ϸһЩ翵Ļ˼֣ԵضŶֽ档
ǫˮҲԼ±ʵٶȣ뺣еıʯγɵжһһ˳
ϧҲлһ̡ڼѾˡǫıʼֽϣһ٣ںеĳһ档
Ρһ١Ƭ̣δ˼ض̶̵ֱ߽Ǻ⣺ǡ
㣬ؾڡǫ˵ٶ˲١
ʸһ£ⶸȻһѤâűһֱʡâȷǫԤ뵱лҪѤӴ
ǫ̲ס̾һһο²ֹǳţҲһʱ俴ϿºܿҪˡ
ΡɫһգۼʧڻУûע⵽ԼΪġߡһشԭʧˡ
΢ֻʣǸͼϡ

գ۵Ĺ򣬲رѾΧһȺˡ
ճߣ״Ͷţʵ˼ҲΡûеһʱ򿪲ر󣬶ǻ䱸š
ǫȺлſڴƨɵСޣǱͻȻֵŵˣһʱҲ˿ޣһ˫۾ɲţͷԵӣͦɰġ
Ρü˻֣ܿһŮ첽ǰС
Ρ˵ǸλճŲ˼ͣλذɡ
ǿʼĿŵĸˣ˽䱸ػ࿴˼ۣȴ˺ˡ
ǫȺз˿ͲЩԼȴϧЩҲɵ˶һͬʱ˲رĴš
ڹִ֮ǰűȴˡ
ǫҲһǰὣһйһԭαװˣ¶ԭòԪӤڵΪ
ۼһۿ˷ǫݣ棡
ͬʱῴ˳лһıžͺϹ˵۾
ǻʡǸ
ô
Ρɫ˶˵ȡҳˣ
Ρ˵ͳżƵıҲ뿪
ǫնüͷ΢ǵΪһ·ȥصǣҲûûôɡ
ǫʱȴһץסֱۣʦ֣ǽȥ
ԭвδд´յУǫȻҲû뵽ֱӽȥѡ
ǫһ֮ʣѾקŵ˺յСֻһһ˱ʧȥټ
ԭ⻪ı֮̽ͻȻûͻͻģֱӵ˵ϡ
ڳֻ䱸˭ûڵһʱǰ
ΡǰͼڵϺգȻû

յһ磬翴ʵªһЩеس֮ʲôûˣһƬհסΨһĵط⵱ӯδȾ
ǫһҼῸ˹ֻһطĻ˵һ꣬ʮȷˡ
῿ſյĿռҲĬһ£Ӵȡһݣ漴ȡּҾƷȫ
ǫһѾʵ㶼ʲôʱ׼Щ
ʱռģһ˾ͶװῲǺ˵ţԭտĵطܿ챻óϢ
ǫԻЩۣżתһȻſֲֻݣΪε˵һ䣺ˡ
ÿЩֲ̫ͣģӵġ
˵˼῵Ŀϣڽյһ˲䣬ȷʵ˾ӵ˼
ʱ䣬ôһľͳˡ
жߣֻҪԱߵԡ
һԵģһԵģ½ٽһΡǫ⻰˵൱ѣϾ˭û¶뱻һطһꡣ
ֻͷ˼ΌƫִģԼǰƫִװɹ˳Ӷѡ
СʱצģΪצӾͲˣܻ治ǣӡ
῿˷ǫ죬̾һ䣺һԵġѾպٴζԡ
˵ŷǫ߽ڣȻҪǱߺú
ȴ̲סĬĬ˫޹ǲҲһʽ
չһĹ̡
ɽ޼ӣǧꡣ
ʱ併Ѿ˻۷壬ǫɽֻһߡ
һΪյУû׽١


141 ɽ
, ۶˺ûа취ƶ֡
Ѿ, ֻɱշ
û취, ΡֻɳԪӤ۷ڲر, ֮ЩͶʿҲԸ¡Χ
ȻһȾһ졣
ڶڼῺͷǫյͬһʱ, ͻȻٴλʡ
ȾϲҪǰʱ˴Ȼ֣˿壬㱻ѹһ㶡
һӦʱ, ֮۳ơ
ǿɽڵľ׽٣ֻӰеһڸո¶ֱӻһɫĹӰ, գ֮׽֮⡣⸽ʿȴѾӿ, ǵصзΧڵ
ΡյϢʱ, ľصһĻǫؼԼ֮, е˺ﶼת˲֮仯Ϊ̳
ΡĿ, رŵǳгϣôֱӵûˡ
ǳްηؿһ۳ֽն׵, תطȴῲ֪ʱ
Ρʶǿ˼´ɫͫߡҲ
ޱ˦˽ϵѪ, һ׽֮, żĻҵ¾ͻһˡ
ΡС, һӶıߣܸʦ˺ԸκεĿܡ
׻ǻҵˣһǶ˵Ѫ
ôŵʱ򣬴ͻȻ˱סͷǸرСޡ
СûпΏӽӣȴɫ۾СţЦеɵεץżῴȣõľСβ͵ȲࣺƯСߣ
ῳĬһ£ŲԶΡʬ壬̧סС޵۾
ɽڵ׽ֱҹԲ֮ڶΪ˽ҲΧҹ
ڼ䲢û˹ͼңȴҲڸ̫½ϵûиЩ˴սĻᡣ
ڼ伾ջԼھܵġͬʱ˦Ƶϡ
Ƶ֪Լµ·˵ʱ򣬴Ѿʧˣֻһ뼸λ󳼴ܹµʥּ
պ󣬽ɢȥһϼϣҲݼػŵˡ
ûͻƶɽڵϼ򣬶Ŀתؿԡϼ⵱еˡ
ǫҲûдֳֳվԭأЩâȻȻؾ£ߡһѣ·ʱ𻯶ȥ
ҲʱǫתͷżЦһ£գ֮ߵ˼ߣȥޡ
ҪٴνԴ֮أ޷Ǵ̫»ߴӲ޵ءкܴĲȷԣͬʱܿܲͬһռ䵱УҲǵʱݳֹῸµԵʡ
ԶԴΪһ¡
ûӦֻ˫ֽסˣסǫ̧ջٴγĺգ˻һʧԭء
Ϊ㲻Ҳسɴ硢ǧοֻҪ֮῱ɻΪ
һ֮˱ص˲ޡ
͵ĳͬĲѾһǣԭһĹռһ
ῺͷǫվɳϣŲԶĹԭɳĮеѾױɳҲټˡ
ǫ̾һڿʯըڲû̫ЧǸٴν˲С鷳
ôǳض˲ٰյҲȫڡ
ȻҲ뵽ͬ⣺ôȥ
Ȼǵ˼ҵĵϣôˡǫ˵̾һִһӳ֣Ҳ֪ʲôģˡȻҪصŰݷˡ
῵˵ͷ˲Уܿ͹㳹û˵Ӱ

ִ㲻Ѳһǻӭǫͼ῵һĿȻ
̤һ̣ЦΧ˶ߣ·ǱΧΧǵĵ
ǫӴȡһϣ΢ĹâǿǿƿһܵЦǼ˲١
סϰߣɵģЧ
ȻʱͻƵѸ٣һָؼʧ⣬бڣΪӴ֮ڽ޵С
Լ˰죬Ҳûҵȷ·һʱЩͷ
ۿżֱӻĳ嶯ǫס῵󣬺Ц˵пţΪ˶һµ𣿡
Ỻȴشؾеÿһ䡣һֱͣһ̲סٷһλ𡣡
жɽΪֻҪһ磬Ϳԭ
յģûĶǫҲżվԭصȺ
֮һ󣺡㶼ѾµˣܵһССĹﵷʲôң
ǫͼתͷȻں濴ϤӰ
ִģǰûзֺɫҪǰ˼֡ͬĿ⸴ӵؿˣǺ޼῵ġ
޼ΏԼһУҲõԼĽɽڹ֮УҲȻԼϢȻ֪˼ѾΪ˵Ϣ
Ҳ˺ĪŮͣ˹֮ǳΪֻڷΪƸΪĿ
ôһҲûôˣǲԼ̵ҵĻԷ˳ȥ
ʲôִüͷ΢˵Ҫң
Ҫģȴڡǫػشֻ·
ִĬˣôһƬĵط˭û·ҽҲñĺһ㣺Ȼϲͳڡ
ȻĻû˵ͱǫٴδϣ˵ֻ·㸮ϵһ
ִ

ִжʺţƿеżῺͷǫرߡ
ˮҲΧ֮ڣʱﲻҿȴѾо˵ηϢѾʧˡ
ûĵģϢʧһִ̣رվһһҹû֪ʲô
ҲֻǾеįⷽѾˣȴûһ˵ˡ
ҲǷǫͼ῵֮ûйԵʣֻ˵˵Ϊ֮Ψһˡ
Ȼûʲôη壬ִǲ̫ϲ˵ķ˼Īѹ
ǵҪʲô
ǫҲû뵽ִô˵ֱӾʹء
񺮶£ˮδúúõģǫָһīɫĳˮ˵˽һ
ִٴγĬˡ
ǫǽ˵үӦû¹ɣܺڣȥʱһŮˣʮߺ
ˣִϵĹһ¶ѾܾûǸˣٴȴֲʲôо
ǫҲںԼϣżһԾС
ֻһ档үлᣬҲȥ


142 
ǫѾϴըʱһƬ׼, ʱ¾õģҲЩϲ
ʲôлѧΪǫ뼾һ֮·
һЩǵ뷽ǫޱϤĵǺܿͨ, ٴοͷƬѤõǺӣƬǺȴڳģûʡ
ʯƯȴԾ, ǫָһʯ˹ʱءһ鼫Ʒʯ, ȴΪӵеһ㡣
ǫ鲻Щءֻᵽ˶ɽпܹȴûλ, һԼ֪
ͻȻߵ˲Լȼ硣عͷȥȴǫԼղǿʯС
ģҾԡǫЦЦ, İסʯ
ɫ΢΢һ, ǫʯϵһ, һŤš̰ŷǫǫ𽥾㹻ȻĶˡ
˵ǶȻ, ôôȵ·
Ώǰ, סǫһֻ֡ʮָۣ֡ǫů, ɻһЦ, һʱƺҲ˳һðԵ
𽥱䵭΢΢һü, ǫûһ𣬾Ǳ῵ᴩĶ֣˲ʧˡ
ǫæ˦˼῵֣ܾøղһ˲Լϵĸо±ĸоҪ΢УʯҲָѤʣƯơ
ֽ˷ǫ֣˳ּһöΪȾʯһ죬˲㱻ˡ
ǫǿʯ̾һΪʲôһҪɽˡ
һ㣬ػᷴΪĶʳ
˾ʯΧ̫أʱʯŻȥֻܵȾ˶һۣĬһָʯһ麣ȥ߲˱㱻Ľһ١
ԭ貵ѾױûҰԭŵʯԴУضȾһƬɫŽȫľ
ҪҪһ˲̵СǻָʯҪ
뷨ֻһ˲䣬һ̷ǫͼͬʱˣͬʱԷǶסԷԷԭء
ԵؽǫΧסȴ⡣ǫЩؿżΰϵϢѾ˶ɽڡ
·͸ǫ룬ῺЦõķǫ뻳Сǫ῵ЦȵϢԼĶϣʦ֣Բˡľ˲ͬҲûνɽڡ
һϹвȻԼѾ˶ɽڣֻĶɽû׽٣˳ɿ˻ǫŶԷ۾̾Ϣͷˣ
῱ܿ˷ǫߣ·ֻҪԼͺ̹Ȼ壬ˣȥðգҳ׵ϾСҶͱá
ѵõ˵˺ܶ໰鵱жвᡣ
ǫԷչüһЦˣҲͲؾˡ
סûӦʱͷǫԼڵڷǫͻȻֽԼ·
δԷǫҲδСŵгһջռȵ
۾ʱǹһĨЦݣͷǫƽʱЦģûκ
ŶķǫЦеһ·ǫ򦣺ôÿ𣿡
ˡԼԼĶԻʵЩ죬ǫһ۾ͱ죬šῡ⿪Լϵ
ǫЩؿۡῡǵһڶԷϿı顣ǫЦЦֱһ¼ΰ֪ԷԼһ
˵꾶Ǻûпɫļת䣬·ڸҿһ㡣
˶ɽ֮ԷǫӰС࣬벻Ƭߡ
ǫߵĴϥ㲻ʲôˣֻλ縺𢡣
ΪΪ˶Ȼʯģڴ˴ɢȥҲûʲôÿϧġΨһϧǣûü̫쿴һ÷Ҳûкͼ῰ʽĵ´䡣
Ҳ֪ܲлᡣ
ǫ۾ϵһ貵˲
ͻƶɽڻյĹ򣬶ɢȥΪȴֻҪһϦѣǺ¿ȥģ
һʯǺ£Ƶط漴һͷײ˷ǫĻУԼںò׻ָ˵ǿй˷ǫڡ
һȻжܿһʯѭͬ·߷ɵǫߡ
ܿԽԽʯɵǫߣŽṩǫɷǫ麣
֮Ϣ
ϧٶʯǫֻһ˶ѣ˾ͻмޣûа취޶ȵպṩƬ
ǫեȡһ˿ʱָŰɫû۾ȴܸоԼ»˿˿Ƶӡ
֮ԭʣ࣬εŬȫ׷ˡ
ûûϵʿҹǶɽڵʿ屾Ҳ̺˴
ֻһվҪʳˡ
ǫ̾˿𽥱͸ʱһ
ɫǺСǫʶ̧ףϷ˶ͷ
Ŀԣһ˲ͬꡣ

ǵڰºӭˡ
Όһ죬Ʈŷѩվڴ⣬̧ͷãͻȻ̫ǰʱ
һ겻ѩȻͣͣһҹȴǴѩ׷ǡ
ؼʼػָԭ췴ɼңڵ֪̫ɾ͵˺ʹ޸֮󣬱Ъ췴˼
ʱ仹ú
俴ûж֮ǰһˣﲻһˡ
һɣڻڡ
ڼĿģöֻЩɡ
һʱҲû㡰ˡѩ£߽Сȷʵ̫һһ˴ʧˣһֱʧֻꡣ
㵽Ҫʲôʱ򣿡ǫٴŶЩΡ
ǵУܿ˵ƻ𣬼ŮһδԼڵꡣ
ʦֿʵͬЭ
һһЭΪ֮ҪôĴۡ
һηǫǳĬƬ̣ջһЦȥ֮ǰɲôġ
ҲҪסԼ˵ʱǶҪĶ٣ܾԴһ˽һյֻǶ᲻öԷһˡ
ǫ¼Ĳݣھ˵ţҪռȵĻһСˣҾܳˡ
Цһκλشֱϥ֮ϣΪֻΪʶڷǫꡣ
壬һְ취Ǽŵر´һʺϵһǻ޳
ְ취Уһɿ࣬ŵر󡣵ڶָΪһЩȴҪ
῵ȲôãֻһŷǫһѰŵر
ҲȥҰɡ
⽭ɽѶ̫ƽҲԼˡһֻΪһ˶
ʶеС˲û῵ͶУҲѵõ¾á


143 1
紺ʱ, ɵĺгűܡǴ˷ҪԴԼҵķӡ
λͷĲڹУȥѰŵرƸӴԷƲ, 滹һλ޷𷨵ĺС˵һλǱƹ, Ҫ̵, ϾԹҪ, ҲֱӾܾ
ԥǸ֪ܵĶȥ˵ļῴȥϢ
û뵽ῺܿŴӦѵõŵرԴʦ档
Ƶʥּ, ûʲôԥηˡ
ʱ, ε˳ϵɮѾƾˣӽȴ޵ø
һ, ǧ⡣
Щڿһ̣ŷųߵס
üͬһţ͵˱ɵ
ڴ, ͷһ, 𵤳ɵһɲ, ͻȻԼǰļ䡣
ԭǸҲֹһˣѹֻԥɢء
Ӿܵ·;ңԶȴն, ȴ·˼

ĵһսʱ廹û, , տ಻ԡ
һû, ֻһ͵ǿСؤ꣬ѩ
ΪԼˣʼȴһ˵ġ
һκ˯죬ʱ򿴵һССԼϣֻһ£һСҲɷס
з⻤壬䡣һ벻֪ʲôɵĲ˺һһιࡣ
ǲ˺ܿ࣬ȴʵĺܿ죬ѾܶûгԹһȵĶˡ
֪СнкģǸʦε˴˵أΪսԺʦֿˡСŻǸĶ죬ĻϲҩͿʳֲкڣǺôûж̺ϰо壬Ҳůһ㡣
ƶɮźģȻ޷УһȡֱͽкɣԿ࣬࣬ƶɮϣܿྡ
ҽкࡣ۾⣬ӴԺӵԼ֡
ȵůʱֿʼزپҵС͵Сһγȥͷһݸģû뵽ȴѵһȻû˵
Щ˴ȴԲһٱ˵նΪβǣ
˺ʣڴ˺ࣺұΪ͵ãԺͻˡ
ʲôҾǿջôġ
²ۣǵû˵ڡ
Ϊ͵һ£ʵһ᲻ΨһõˣһʱաС͵Сعˣûʲô˺ͺĿƤУ˵ʱܹܲסԼ֡
Ϊ˲úÿζԼֵʳǮȫһ񲻹ʱˣҲÿ춼ȥһСؤ
Ŀֻһ̾ϢֻڸིʱظһЩصĹ¡ϧЩºಢûǻΪڣȥ͵顣
ںӱвʪЬôջߵ塣͵һټϣԷҧҪץ
Ϊ˾Ⱥ࣬Ĵ˺·Ȼһѻŵ
Ҳûҵģȴⱻĵʦ˻ȥ
֮ݽ棬֪ȴδѰҡֿһҲֻԼ֪ɽݷ𣬶ֻΪҵһˣֱľͷ

ĵڶֱӳ
챦ʮ֮꣬ʢʱ򡣷ȻҲʢʱ
Ǵŷģ̤ķӡӵɵϲ£һɵΪף
ССµסֱԡоͷгסҲΪͽֻʦƣʦ
ӡеĶׯķӲͬ·ˣСسˡ
СժȱľǴºһƬأ겻ز㱻Сͺˡ
ճչʦʵڿȥһƬСӵĽ
ٴһΪ֮ºĸǽҲסС࣬ȥһˡ
ССĺӣ֪Ϊȴ˶ɺ͸Ҫҵ˻¶
ǰηǽĽûܵɽ£ͱʦץ˻ȥΪǷӵԵʣȫ¶ϹϾ˻ҲܵֻһѴΧΧͣо·ϴϵԸ
Ӽʱ켸ҹԺ˯Ÿա
һκȡǰĽѵѡʦмλʦӣ͵͵ǽȥһιȻûܵκ谭
ܵɽµʱּСʯͷһӡΪŵأȴһźѡ
ССĵ㡣
̧ͷ㿴һݺƵˣ˵ǳһȱģԼŸӣȴͷ˿
ҵģվֱ֮ʶʵ
һ£ЦЦҲȷʵд뷨Ŀǰ̫ȷ
һʯӣƲֵ˵ʲôġ
˿ǰСУʹ˵ɽ𣿡
໹û¹ɽҲûжڣؿŶԷ
ݸһЦСͷɽҴȥ棬
ֻ֣Զȥĺ䡣
󣬺ԭĳֻ࣬װвֶ֮ͬˮ͹Ʒ
ŷ˵İͽ϶ͬҪʵĶࡣ
ǿʣ˵ͷһЦԭġ
һ˴Сط˺ܶóԵġģҲԭйصĹ¡
˻ƻʱ˲˺İͻУվſԥһ£վṳ̂ţҽ½ɼԵټ
С᲻ýȥſڲ뿪㲻ҿ԰ʦ
½ҡҡͷûʱ򡣡
˵ûκת뿪ˡ
һصо;ɮˣʷһαʦģŴӽг
Ⲣܼø̡
һºڷߵҹǽ˳ȥȻûؾͱ˽Ӹş̌ͷ㶵ؿǰ½
Сǵڶһײ˰ɣ½εһЦ˷£͵ܳģ
æһƣ½ɽܣȴûԷתͷںҹеɫӡ
·Լ㣬ÿգᷭǽܳһΣÿζ׼ȷҵ½
һʼҲȥˡи˵ԵοǷӣҪԼĹ¡
ֵķΣУУҹ½Ĵεй硣
Ҫɵĳ嶯


144 2
͵͵ܳĬϵ, ܳȻʵ
ʱ½ߣԽ󺣿˰ģȻһ޼ʵεʲô
ֻͨ½Ļ, Ŵ½ģһɵҪ౶ĵط
ۿʱ, ת֮һꡣϴ˲, Ѿ쵽½λ, ȴ½ϵЦԽԽˣʲôҲ˵
һУ½δ̤, ֻ㡣ȴ, ÿѯʶشԵδ
ҲҪѡһղɣ಻Ͳȴܶ, Ҳû׷ʹ
ǻڣһܳȥй䡣һľ, ͷϰŰɫͷ, ԭĹͷ, ǿ˿εģ
⴬ֻǰߵİ裬ʻ󺣣ȴϲط, û¾ͻһ
½ɫ¶һ˿ɣտ²УҪ
һȻ̫ģԼˣԼŷһȥٻ硭
½Ⱥ˵, 㰴һԴ, Ҫȥ¶, Ȼ˸óԵġ
ûлش𣬳˲ڿ½ƭԼ
Ϸֱʱ½Դƺǧȴһֶû˵ڡ
ڵգɵѤĹﴩ¶װȺУŻ˵ͷϣһֵ˼̻
ҲһͷĻˡԭϲ֣ڽҲʧȥȤֻóֲ
ġƲƲ죬Ҳ֪½ʲôôʱתͷ۲Զڸ߷ϵĴ£ȴ͵ؿͣϴܵĴ
ֻһ£Ⱥܡܿи˵Ҳע⵽µĴ𣬾ͽŲһ
ֻϣԼٿһ㣬ЩƽΪʲôûиõз𷨡
ܵɤӶðˣǿɽţҲɽǰˣһϮԼһꡣ
һ£ǰҪȥ½㲻˵Ҫȥ£ΪʲôôĻվΣա
Ļû˵꣬ȴһգһ£ŵؿԼ֡
½ȴЦˣԿ࣬Сֵȡúǡ
ˡ˭ȡأס𣿺֡
࣡
ͷ뵽סʱȻסֵ
ʦʶӦһס֣ҿԾͻ
Ȼ½ʱȴԷסļһâĽͼĲϣҷŵġ
ɴ۾һãȻʧ룬ûкֻãȻ½
סֳ̾һӷʩΪΪΡ
½üЦһѾݷùʦҲȷΪо
Զɽǰ˶ھȻȴһ硣ʱ໹֪Լֻ˵С
סŷ飬ɫоҽܽˣ
½Ц˵ҲҪҪ𣿡
סҡҡͷΪɱسɷ𡣡
֪أлɱֻΪˡ½ЦţȴһѺֱ࣬סֵĻУڳɷҴδҲҡ

һҹ֮󣬺ûټ½¶о˵һʥòҲԱɱ˵
еʮ꣬Щû㣬Ҳûٷǽֻʮһ꣬ݱס֣뿪˴¡
ӵ˼ģһֱСסŷ飬̾һ
Ǽոպ̴ĺ˵زЩͣںߵĴ󴬡
һԼ뿪ɵġ磬ȴֻʣȻ
ϺԿԽ˵ˮµĹޣ˵洦ɼؾռƬ׵ҪҲǴ½̴֮ҲһҵҪԵʡ
ҲˣζܷεĻᡣ
ϵлҪȤ̴Ĵ֮ͽĵʱ;һȾƴƣֵ˻ŴϵĺУԼһȾơ
ƺȻǲȵģǴЩȴδӮ̶̼վշȺһʼܵĴϴ֡
ӶɣӣȻҲв˳ջǻµʱƽִԭ
ʱԭҲսܹͳһµĹδ̫ҲδΪĵһš
δȻһƬҡ
Ϊӣȴѹ顣ԭֻΪһˣһЩ¡
ദô½֪ӵݣЮַȥ½ҪʲôסֶӦ
δôɽʱǣС֣ûй룬һ֮ת˲
ԭΪ˺ããҪҵһ˲ף½ȴԶҪ
ȴΰ룬˵Ӣۣ˵Ƕħһֱ֮һǣҲɱǧˡ
ԼҲûл
ʲôǶԣʲôǴΪʲô̫ⶼûдˡ
ⲻ֪Ǹ˵ĿҪˡ½׿ô˵
ڶûлعԭշתȹܶˣһ£Ҳûҵҵˡ
඼ûͶˣ㡢͵ҰޣĺҲ˸ɽ
һ߶һӰȴδù
ֱھʱ򣬺˻ӵˣһ񲻶ɵĵطˮȳȻҲûа취촬ͨ·ȴǽ޺Įɿ֮Ψһӡ
Ҫȥֻܿɺӣ˳רŴ˹ӵˣֻǵĴܶɵĹȥ
ÿµնһֵˣ컹˶һֽɡڴҲὫɡ
ʮεʱ̲סͶԷÿ¶Ҫһأú鷳𣿡
ҡҡͷشΪ˼һˣԲں鷳
Ǻ˵һνԷĺ̲ס˼ȥɡʵģֺÿġ
˵̲ס̧ͷ˿գ̫ȻҲûѩΪ𣿡
Լġ˾ɡֺȣЦҲܺÿҲǰɡ
˵֮󣬴պòЩź̾һ͹٣ˡ
ͳһڴУ漴ɡ´
͹٣ۿ˽ҪԶ̲סһͷҲЩ˼պ㡣
һЦӦá
ۿԶʱ̲ס˸衣һμ˵ʱ̲סУѾܾˡ


145 3
֮, ˵Ľ֪Է½סĮɿ, ȥֻΪ˼ˡ
һϲ˰ɡôŵʱв֪ΪξЩɬ
, ཫڰߵ½ã񷿴ŵͳ, 
½ɡʱڰߡ
Щԥ첻˳ˮ, ᲻ÿѵദĻᡣûп, ½ճλá
½ƺҲ, ϴгݣֽɡźԥ˵ۣСһЩ
á΢΢һ̾ˮ档
Žմ˵仰, һ㵽԰ϧһ, ҵ
ŭηӿ£һҹԵСֿ½ɡͷβܳ
Ա֮ºԵû, Ϊ֪»ɿ͹ӡ¹ʣԼνƽ˵
ۿűԽԽۿɼԳһ飺¡½˵վ˿īɫĻӡ
½ֻϸ, վŵʱͬһɽ, 漣İ, ٿŴҲˡϸĻϻһ½, ֻһû޸֪
½תͷһ۶ĺ࣬üͷȴܲճ̾һ֪⴬ûа취ˡ
ĽǺһ٣ȴû㵽پ򼺶
ȻСֻһӣջǱĵˮ¡
ˮǳߴҲ⡣ˮһ˲䣬һӦȴҪ½Сۡ
Сʵģ㷭Ҳ᳹׳Сˮ̫ˣôζһˡ
Ȼڴʱȴ½һβԼ˹ץԼֱۣȻȴԼֱ۵д˹ȥ
½һ㶣漴½ָϳ˵⣬ǽȼȾĹޡһ׼ȷץס˺࣬˰
պѹģһ̣档⻹ʷһ׹лˡ
ΧںĴͷѯλģȴûзӦΪȻˣȴûˡ
һ׷ҡͷ뿪
̨ȴδһδйģԺȴͻȻǧġҲͻȻڻ¿ʲô
һ˵ĻȼԼĻԼ˰
ۿ޷ǶԷǻˡ½һѹûͶ̥ˣһֱԼԼѹ춼Ҫɡһɡꡣ
ԺôһֱһˣҲδ뿪
Ϊ˵һˣǹƵɺҲֻΪ˼һˡ
Ϲ·֣һû뿪ӡһֱһˣˡ
ÿʱ඼ӿͣۺоΪÿһԩ˳ȣҲΪѰһδ֮ꡣ

ʮҲһ
о½ӳ֣Ͷһսĸ˼ҡ
ʱһĺеţֱԺԵϣܸԼУĸɨѴ˳ȥ
ȴܼ֣ÿ춼׼ʱ׼㵽ҴűȻÿζûžͻᱻߡ
С൹ǺϲУϧռһΪײûм
С
СԺﵴǧʱͻȻеһ£תͷ˹ȥͼǺſǽͷЦеؿԼ
ǺܺÿһˣȴƫƫЦ
С뵽׵ĶԥƬ̴ǧԺܡ
һ£Ǻ̧ҪסС࣬ȴ˴ǽϵʵЩǱ
С࿴ĺ棬Ҳˡ
ڵϣЦü۵С̲ס̾˿ƶɮģС벻ƶɮһУ
Сҡҡͷ˼ϲֺܶ࣬ʲôģ
һ£ЦЦؿǰС㵹ͦ˵ûԹô֪в棿
Сһ£˵ҲһЩȻҪΪúÿҲܺûʲôģԼҲȥ
ЦŴӵվϵĻҳȡһƾɵСӣҳˣطúȵʱ㡣
СЩؽӽУĴԭ·˻ȥȻͨһһߡ
һεȻСʶӲؿǺбɹ׷˽
һͲʲôĺС
Դ֮󣬺ľûٴһʼÿ׼ʱ׼ȥ԰ﵴǧϧ԰һֱֻܰҰèûС
ֱһ֮󣬺ŵһη˺µĲӣȫдľġԭΪԼῴģЩĵȴԶԾĹ˺ϡ
һģûöñͷβлһصڴһı֮Ǹ̫Ĵоͻµһĳ֡
ȻûС
СԴʱ˺Ҳ̫λֻεĴСǾһֱûÿ˯ǰ᲻Ծ߶һأаһ
ȻǷӵһȻһ˳ʮ꣬ɱ󲿷ֵ˶ˡ
ΣʱͻȻ˾ģ⻤ס
һʱϵĽңûмŴ뿪ϥڵо顣
ֱʱߵǽΧһҹĺǰ֣ݴȱ㳾ԵѶϣԸˡ
ȴֱֽƿֱ˳ȥ
ѾСˣܿгʲô£Ҳ֪ЩҲزˡ

û˵ʲôֻǸں󣬿С߹˽߹ֵ
ֻǶȻЩԩֵ꣬Ŀǽ塣
ǽҵĴүϵ˶ʶÿʱЩ˻͵͵óԵĸ
ڽֽǵĽըܺóԣÿζ顣
۾Ȼˣ࣬ΪʲôҪţ
Щڣһξģûз⻤壬ӦúЩһһ˲飬ַ·ʲôû롣ԱߵĳеҵһЩĲƥÿ˵ϡ
һ·ߵ˳ſڣϹŵȾѪּ
ʶӲԽԽģһӵѪӳµڣûÿ޹һȴ̲ס¡
ǲ翴Ϊʲôһ
෢йһţǸаͷϣһ˫ů֡
Բ𡭡
ӵ˺ͽѶעģûܸıܹ
źڳ´գҲգֱʹȥűı뿪
Ӵ˽һү̨жһɮˡ


146 4
̨²ŵ֪, һͲ̫׵ĴУȻеסֻ֡ǳ⣬дСʦܴ, ԼǸ˦ƹˡ
Ϊĳ֣ѵðд꣬ĶҲȥרĴСͽܡ츳ģʮʱѾо, ľȫ챳
̨½൱δϣ, ֻк֪Լ֮߱ģҲް㾴η, ֻΪ޴ȥ
ڿһľľܵΪЩƺԭԺУҪȥǡ
ۿѾ𽥿Զһ, ıİõط, ºڷ, ֵȥˡڶķ, ִһзˮ޴ȥСӡ
ǿСʦԭûκθо, κСʱ޿̲ճź, Īض˼ΣУ·ԼĶҪˡ
һ꽻ӵҹ, Ժδͬĺ౧űĵ⡣
ںĿѯǰ, ˵ε˽ҡ
ôһ˵, ľ, ֱӽѾԼ˵˷˽
Сʦܵڶһϰʦ, ȴճĴʦִ˳, 絶
Сʦܿˡ
֮, ȥĶĶ, ٿʦٶһճ˵Сʦܡ
еһοıдȥٵĴ㡣ԴȻûκε飬СƿɽºӣҲͦġ
ӾˣֺһֱùڶȻ
ÿκĶЦְ̧һºͷɢһ㹦£ȥõĵطֵá
ֻش𣬺һмһˣľͿԳȣҪɢʲôë
Ҳִʱ˺һ˵߳ȡȺתͷʱЩĽɫѾ½ŷԶ
̲סҡͷпʤǰɳ̲ϡ
ʦ䲢ܽϡȻµˣôһĹҲҵϢĿϮ
۾࣬ǸնȻһ˵Եʣϲع½⣺ͽܡ֪֪Լеѣۣ
ʦ˼ɾơ
һĿգΪʦûкȾƣĪҪԩΪʦ
ֺӳˣôͲءĿա

һ٣١
ϧĹ۲˺ãڽұ֮ͷ·һ˻ζûκ
Եǳɷĺòϣǰȱֻ٣֮ġ
ͽܷ˲֪ٸдִѵĵطδ֮ġ
ڿľ߳ЧģЩꡣȴûԵͽܣǲ뿴ɢԼĹ¶ѡ
ʣµٸôɣ׳ҵĺıһֳסԼδ٣ôͽܶɽ٣
﷢ɴ͵͵ܳȥһѻ˵лƽӦҲдô١
Ȼˣ汻ἰĵط
¥ݡ
ǲӼ˵ģɽͣÿжٵĳطȻչһԵ
Ŀ˻̲֮סһ䡰ӷ𡱡ﲻ֪ɿǸˡ
֮£Լȥ¥һˣپҪҪͽȥֵط
Ҳһжɣϳͽ˳ȥȫûзԼߺСͽȻ۾

ҲȻ𣿡
ĲŸߵطǰͱŵСֱӲסˡֱӺ쵽˲Ӹŷţȴûʲôֿر˽ȥ
¥һУкЩǱԶԾΧǿȵؽ˺嵽¥ϵ᷿С
һʱ䵹ƵģϷģյģΧ
гÿ濡
ȿھѽ
ǹĲش𣬾㴽һھƣסľҪ͡
أĻæܣֱӴӣֻһЦ
Ⱥƿʱɵʦϡ·϶׳һĴӡ
ӴһεСѽϴյĻֻһ£Цϴգս㱻һ͵ƿ

伫ˣֹڵĹﺦ£ĶһεذЩܾĹȳȥɡ
ǿ˿ˣСش˳ȥ
ಢδЩֻⲽߵǰʦûʲô˵𣿡˵ݳһĨЦȻһЩ次
欣һ£һԼ϶ǱȺûۣŻôµ뷨
ĿһҶΪʦһΪؼҡ
ؼҼʹһԺôδֵطƽȴĺ޻˵
ͽܡĳ̾Ϊʦӡ
áһӦִϵľƺͷƵС¥ģڴ㣬ȴƷ˿ɬ
ѪʹֿͬɬŶǸļ⿪ʼһľת˲֮ʶû
ֹ㶵ؿԼҹͽ˲ƴϺȻһأͷ档
˰Σ֪طԼСͽһʱЦĲԼЦ֮ҲЩԼĹͷ֪Լʲôָô
ѲͽЩǻ
һ±ͽѺķӦ̲ס˸׽˿˿ջ
ֻһƶѣԭþӦҲ̫áԭôģȻֱصջҲûѡ
Щؽͽӵϣûüͱһѱס
ӹڹ̣һ¹⿴˹ȥͽһϺģ
¶ҲˡʦҺȡ
޷з⻤庮֣ȻҲва塣ȻҲûĳ棬һʱЩæҡ
ѵж
ɫһ࣬ץסһ̽ȴֺڲûκζأѪȴΪԾ˵ͨһǡѪڡ
ô£
Ĵ֮ʣȴֱ˵˴ϡ
಻ֻͨǾúܣһɻȴֻ֪бµ˲Żһ㡣
㶵ؿϱСһͽܣ֪𻰱ἰģ¥˹ݵеľƲ˲ٶЩһЩٽһȵ⡣

Լģֱ۵ס۾һʱ䲻֪Ǻá
һҹԺ˵ķֱʱų׳˯ȥҲ˿ֻһҹԼʮꡣ
㲻ײİͽܶɹȥˣ
ͷǳĴš
Ȼӵһ٣Ķô׶ɹ


147 5
֮ǰ, ӭԼ١
¥¼֮󣬺ĺ̨С
ۿ١Ѿȥһʱ䣬ȴû޳е, صֱ֮ؾ
һʱоסָӵĴ, סСĿдǿ̿
ڲؾ, һ£ÿնᰴʱʳؾСʮоŴΣʳᱻ˿ó
ҲоڡڵȣһˮɣɮΧ˼, ϶סһǱչ, ԲŲʳ
о, һֱΪ٣ʱϻеһۣҪٻȶġ
ģϲһ, 鲻Խ
ϲһˣʵڳ, ĳͷð
ܿľ˸, Ӳؾ֮󣬺ͻȻݱ, ԳʦҲҪˡ
, ϲˣ°, ۿ˺þõͽͷҲص̲סЩᡣ
ⲻ֪Ϊ¥һ, ͬƽĺͶʯ, ˺ԭ, Ҫж뿪
һعˣԼһʱ䣬ǻŲ£Ǿͻװˡ
ʲʲôˣ䲻֪ΪλԷͨ͸ȴʱ
Ҳȴ֪
ںߵĵ죬оһļ£һʱѰҲʲôʵʵеӣʰ·ˡ

ˮկλڵ꽭ҵıࡣ
ԭǺĿĵأֻʱźˮӵĴ󵱼ͻ˽ڣμĽ𵤴䡣
ûǹѪˡҴȱƣȴδдȱ֮ģಢ뿴˷ҪЩѪծѪ
࿴˿Զ̨Զǧ֮⣬ʲôȻתǰ˺ˮӡ
õ뺯ѣֻΪһĺУֱӱ׵λãϯλԶ
ҲǺ⣬ٳҲֻԼӽŵһһֱľֻܿסԼѪɫһħ
ǰľƲ˺һڶûжĵصȺ˻ҹ
ϯϵľȻҲơۿڵ˶һأڻվѾȫſˣһɫɮ۸ĵüĿ续۽΢΢żɫ
󵱼Ҳˣžƺ˯ʵؿźࡣǲĶ㣿
ûжһ˫ؿŶԷ
󵱼Ҽ״۾ϸƺࣺˡǽǸ㲻Ѿ𣿡˵Ż͵һ棺ǿϴңֺοȫҡ
ʮ˫һӷ𡣡Ȼӡһ˴󵱼ҡ

ĸϵʱˮկѾѪɺӣֻһվԺУӰϦȾħƻá
һɮҲѪɫϲŹ½⣬ǽԡͷҴҸĺ΢΢һЦ黨һЦ㣬Ȼⲽ˹
ɱҲܳɷֺαؾ֮˶ɱ
һδȴ·һ㣬ɵصɴ۾
뷨̫ھףһʱҲֱߵԼǰĿһѪͽܣüͷԡ
ȺĻҪ߳һ㣬Цſǰʦͽ˵ģﲻԣ
ˣԵ±ԹֺԱ£
Ĳûд˵ʱβһĨɫǱĹ½Ҳƺɫħ
ŷų̾һ䣺ħˡ
ɷħֻҪһ˲䣬ħȴסοо£䷢չĻһοĻ١
֣һȥɡ
࿴ǰ֣ɸɾûһ˺ۡͫһȴδһƹߡ
߳Զͱץסֱۣں庢һ㣺һ㣬һȥ
ؿ˺ļۣһɶ·£ȴϡǵ˶Լ˵ǳҪƴѹԼҲ᲻˺ˡ
ԡŸȥ
˦˺ģһһ棬һʼʧγɵɫӡǡ
Ŀġ
źıӰоǴȱһصѪϥһһֵ˷𾭡
ԼĹ¶ȻݵԹһ󲿷ֵĹ·ֳΧҪԶеˡ
µĺӡʧعͷһˣĿһ˲Ĵ㶡漴ȥ
սգȫˣֻǷԺħӣųŵڡĶȻԹŵصСͽܣƵ̾˿

һħףķ£Žħһһ
ȻһʱȴдħӺת˲֮˳ħ֮ס
Ϊӣô׶ɹȥģ
Ĵ벻ħţ̲סŻһѪһȻʱˣҧѪȣͻȻħȫɵԼڡ
ԭѾԽɫķǱһһȾ˺ɫȴָ̻Ұס
ħɾҲѵƿ;ºߵǰֱ̨ºͺһš
һǽ̨ס֮⣬ʦܶ࿴˺࣬ͽδɹδ»ħķա
һȴúú޷ȡճɷȫȻδԼ
ȺѾҲˡ
ıΪ಻ǵԼħ֮飬û뵽һмȴֺ
ǵе飬ûħֻΪǸ޳ħϧǲϣħ᲻úĵĿİ׷ѡ
ħδɣִ䲻ħִȴҲɷˡ

ԭնѣ̶պȴԼʮѶɣѳɡģնĴˡ
ڱͣһ̣ɽ£·
׿һ˼䣬˼ɫǰȴҲϤˡһ˲гɣǽҲƮɢ
ˣɷ֮ɲʮ
ôţŽһ̤ȥ쳾һһȥԼǰ
ԼӺζԭǷǰһҲȻˣΪʲôÿһһ顣
һ·˵Ц
ڵһʱᵽǷӣȻˡ
·ǰ顣һԭڷ𽥻


148 ǫ1
ǫӼڳʱ֮ˡ
ȻԼʶûʵ, ŵرҲû׼׵ֻһ֣´һޡ
˵ǫڵʱ򣬻еϰΪĸоٿСᳵ·¡
ڼʶ, ֮ǰǿбչذꡣȻһ߱ɽ, ȴȻЩź
òܶ, һҲͣǫ򿪴ͳ߳һصǺ«Q˴ǰû߾ͱ˴ӺסĵС
ʦ֣ҪȥĶ῿ϵС, ε̾˿ŵĿ;ӵС
з˻, ǫСǿ˻ɵ, ߴСǶ̰֮⣬ܹ塣
ֻҪ껹Ҫڷ˻оʮ졣
ϧǫһ춼סˣַܡÿλûݵ, ͻᱻץ
ǫ, ոôûΏĶ
˫ŷǫ, Σʦʲôҿʦ
áǫ˵꣬ݺݵҧһǺ«, ҧˡһСƤҲᱻ˷, Ҳᱻ˹, ̫ˣҾȥߡ
ǫԽ˵Խɥ, оǺ«ˡ
һ, ҲЩƣʦ, ʮ죬ʱȥĶҶ㡣
ǫһȻģôоԼ۸˵ĶԡǺ«˴գ˼Ƭں˵㲻׷ҲһȤ𣿡
˵֮ʶ̧ͷ㿴˼һŻ𡣻ȻʶԼĻٴòĳɷ֣ǺôҲǵϿɵĺϷˣʱôꡣ⼾룬Լֺγ룬ȻʱСȴʲôˡ
ǫЦһټŪΰҲܣ
áҲǲˣֱӦͬʱְС˵һǺ«λãڣٸһʱ䣬ܽŵرȫˣʱȥĶʲô㡣
ǫڸոյ˼Уʶ˵ֻųԺ𣿡
῿оµСˣһߣȻֻԺ桭ԺеĳԺʦ뵽²һ˵ֱ̫׻ŵʦ֡
Žǫͻ󷨵Уǫؿһ۴⡣ŽһУﲻʮ԰ҪǻԶһ
ҲǷǫ˼ῼգûĶǫҴһȴмҵȻǫò˵꣬ῲðκηա
Ҳ˲⼸յ׷Ҹϡ
ǫҲĲ˵һ̲סȥ֮⣬ʣµʱֻǶż档
ʦְܼʲôã׿ߵĳ·ߣȴĳĿ
ʦ֡῿еС¶ָС飬΢΢ʮһȻ̫š
ǫĿ¶֮ɫѾܾûл̫ˡ
ڷǫ˼ʱȴƵؽ˵ȥ֮Ǿ;е´䡣
ǫ˿ԼСֱڵ˵һ´䣬ǲǲ̫ʣ

Ҳ֪ǲǱ῵ĵ´ĸִ̼ˣǫڽѵðؼһʱ䣬ԼС峹ںϡ
ʱһ֮С˵ĺôҲ˳ܹ꣬ԭӲĴº
˴С֮⣬岢̫
ҲǿԾе´ɰ֮ǰǫڼ῵ļϣתһȦһȡ
лǷ˾Ӷ࣬Ϊ˱鷳ǫһֱŰżȫῶԻ
ʦ־ٰ䲻Ҫɡ鿴ܲһ·ǫϲԵĶȫ
ⲻǾͲԵ𣿡ôǶҹŸģɹǲ̫ί˵㣿
ȴһЦͲʦֲˣа취
ʲô취ǫԣȴתۿԱһ𣺡ϰ壬̳
ôߵķǫһ˲Ĳƥ飬Сקס˼ͷʮ˵ʮ̳
ʮ̳Ʊ˸룬ֻ̳ŷǫ̫š
ԴǫͼῶȻָ֮ЩֻҺ̫ŵɼʦߡ̫Ҳټرɽţָܿķ١
ῴŷǫϵʱԿ̫ɽŽеļλϺ͵ӴʱɽǰϢӭǵġ
ƾϢѴݣǫٳûй̫첻ܳףճϽ֮λҲڴǰЦˡ
ǫһӼ῵Ļбߵɽǰһˡ
̫ڵӿСĴʦ֣ĬˡСӣŤͷ̲סۿ
̫ѩͣô꣬ǵĴʦڻˡ
վճߵݳϿǰС˳ĬƬ̣һ·ǫԴ겻ıɽһ˲˾ͺá
ں庢ӣǫڵؿݳվΰ͸ûˣĥôãҪô´䣿
ῶݳϵıû⣬ֻºһЦϷģа취
ۿӵˣҲһֱſڡ̫֮ճϱֱӽ˴˾СպѵõļգͶʮպ󡣡
῱ŷǫ̬ǫǳ̫УӦ
ճϿżص˵ͷ仹Щʱգδ֪ͨģü֪ͨ
ǫ˸ǷԻסڼڣ˯ߵϰߡ֪ˡ
ճϿ˿ƴС̫ʦ֣˻ȥϢ
ڼתճͻȻ㽻һ۾ͳɷ磬㡭˵ſһ۱῱ڻеķǫ̲ס̾һٶɣżҪȥٲȥ֣ҳ߶Ѿ鵽Ҫٴζˡ
ɫƽĵ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ǫһ£ճ̸˼Ώ˼ݡ
ǫܿûоȥԼʦ˶˦ƹˡ
ؾϣ½һʦ͵ҲжûʦˣһԴʦĽɵļ֮ȴһҪ·ϣĴСĴʦֱߣһߣ
ȻмڳǼٵҲֻѣ֡
Χŷǫʶ˳żῲע⣬ָȥǫһ
ǫ˼̲֮סպǳȥ
淽ǫĻͬʱģмϵǣڵһɢ½󣬵Ժſʱ̲סͣʵʦλ𣿡
ǫڼ῵ļϣһ£ͷ½ʵأ
½һ£Ժ÷һЦ߰ɣ߶Զǵļҡ
ǫ룬ܿԼĴ𰸣Ȼ
Ư̫һգǱܻǵļҡ


149 ǫ2
ɾ͵Ľ, ȻûдȴѾ˾ݡʵ̫棬Ҳ֪Զ֮Ťת˼䶼Ĵŵ͵ۺĻ
˵Ĵ, ɷ޲κض֮⣬˹
ˣĺҲؾ塣
³ʮ, 䵱աǫ, ǰµϲ, ٿһžµСƴСΧԼΧʦǡԼżļӸС
ûףƾСҪν顣, ǱѾǵ, νĴ䲻߸ʽûбҪ̫档
͵ʱСʦܿİˣΪ˫¶еģû˭һ˵ֻԼ̫ųЯǰʱһǫ㴩ϲ˳ȥ, һȺߴ͡ʦʦá
ٶɣⶼеĴ䲻һǫ, ֱɽºͼԼĵطȻԶԶؿͬһ¡һСġСˡ

ǫһͷˮԷǰۿźһСˣһЦ֣ʦ, ߰, ˼ʱ
ǿ˷ǫ, ῺЦ͵ҵɱС, Գһ, ֹȻҲԡ
ȫû뵽ԼҵôķǫĬһ, ԭ;޴ǲǷ֤ĳ쿪ľܱһˣ
ǫǸ棬Լҵ£оҲ̫ۡû꣬ͱģʦֻˣǵˡ
ǫһ£ŽߣΪԼСԵøΰĵ߽ʱŻ򿪡
Ƿǫͼûг˵ճΪ̫ţҲɴ淽ǫĳ衣ϾΪΨһһ֮۰˭á
ԾڿһˣбͶ棬⵹ҲС㡱һȺΧ۴Ρ
ŷǫһһọ̈̄ټϺ͵ˣȻصؾѾˡ
մϲڽһȵһóǫһЩ岢δճƣҲصԵʣǫź˼ѾЩˡ
صоס῵չȥϸϸؿۣʵ˵ϱÿô
һЦ׼ɢǫڵľȴ˴սֱһ£һɫ𽥱
ǫԴȴȻ΢˿һ㣬Цÿģôô㣬ҹô죿
ǫĻǴ˼῵Ķߣ῵ĶϺܿȾһĨɫȴڷǫҪ˿ʱ˽§ԼУһ󡣡
ʲôǫԺģû弾῵Ļ
ῲٽֱͣԾϴԭͺܿĴ齶ļῺͷǫ˵·ޱ޼ʡ
ϲ𽥴ȥɫı콫ɰ׵ĵøǫҲ䣬Σգϵ˾ЦţЦЦžͽ
һΣƵˣϴҹ

»Ǻ飬ǫͼῴӲؾ뿪ʱѾʮ֮ˣ˻һֵģһǰһгǫﻹŽ׷ż˳
ϵǰǱ޸õľ뽣˵Ҳ廨С⽣Сȴ㶼
һ޲ɽͣĽֻ֮㲻Ǳ׷ɱǳŷǫſġ
ֱǫˣһ˸ϯضʶԼ
ۿǫͣҲͰ͵ش˹ʦ֣ҪҪҰ
ǫԵΰ˼˵˶˾ͲǸˣһ޶ŹʮˣҲû
Ȼ岻ڣԪǶɽڣȴ㵽˹ȥֱ
ǫôҲ̲סЩ죬ֱֽ˹ֱծġ
˵ľúܽ῵ְŷǫ̲סЦ⣺ʦֲˣ
ǫһקż῵죬ڽԼǰʲôûȥ
˵ľĲһָ࣬ڴʱؾ⴫һŲֱӴ
巴ɼΧ̫֮ʹʦֵܶûʲô仯Լһֱн١
Щ˶ڻɵݽ񣬱չؽ֮⣬󲿷ʱ䶼һҲǽһСؾУ˴˷ǫͼ῵Ľ䡣
ؾ֮Ѷ̸ϻ̫ɽţͣһ·ϵ˲ؾ塣
ʦ֣ڻءˡְԺţĿɿڴؿԺܵСˡʶŹ˻ȥԲˡ

ĵɴ۾͵ƿţһŵĿŷǫͼΰʦ㡢ô
ôСǫվֵһ°ϲڵĻңʵһܷɱ任С˵ŲЦһ£ӵȤ㲻úܺ𣿡
˲䱬죬ɫһƴĻڷǫԱߵļῡ֪ʦֻڿЦҲ̲ס뵽һЩеĶ
֮۾ȴһɱ任СպǶսǽؾ᷽࣬Դﵽ䲻Чʦܲܽң
ɲСǫЦЦؽ˵õе֮󡣡
ðɡһԴʦհȻ˵ʲôʲôȻźȴҲǿ
ʦֵϲùǰСļῶ˶й񣺡ļ£򰲡
Ǳ׿ڱģุǳسϡΪӺüҲҪݡ
ɫƽ̧֣ɡ
֮󣬽Լ׼õĽ񽻸˷ǫʦ֣ϣҸԺƽƽ;̹
ǫ岻ʺǺӱ˶󣬱ɴս˴УллȻҲУײã̫һһ˳ƶΪȥҲ̫ϡԼʦֵܣôš
һɣҲԱߣʦ˵ǡ
ʦֲ̫Щ꣬ÿζҴҵĻҴҵߣֱʱͻȻ˾ֵĸо
̨ϣԾ˵ԼЩļţ̫ûмʦ֣Ҳ̫ûзɹ֪˵˼ʱ
ǫ͵ȵĲͷԼʦֻţûǿдϣֻǴ׼˸㡢ˮ͹ӣȫʦϷˡ
ճǱ߸ῴţ˵ǵ۶Ǳţȥһˡ
ϰҪŷǫģǫ⼸켸ҹΪֱӽ˳ȥֲӤοСʤ»飬ȥɡ
̾˿Щ˳ȥ
ŵȻƣһǸʦ񣬶볣̰Ļʵ۱¾鳲˳Ҫһ˹
ټϴսոչȥ꣬ɷ֮Ѻ۲δȫָ̫֮ףƹ˼ճϾ˺ͼ̽á
ӾʱѾɣ̧۾˰վ̨ǰķǫ
һ㶣˫Ⱦϲɫʦôˣ
»ȻϱؼҵġѾָԭߣǫһЦԾ῵ļϣҸλñ
ҲȾϲɫãǻؼҡ
ʱ裬Ǹѵú
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