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׼չ֣׼ʱһСһײȻ¶͵Լʵӡ
ò˶ãͻշӭȢ£۷塣

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ȤСʹղ֧һѽ*^_^*
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һ仰飺۷

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 1 


ҹ׹һűǡ¡һ磬ڴŵ˱Ūˡ
ֻԼͷǳΣðŽǣƤأʹ˫ۣǻûǰһƤһգֻ˹ȥ
ȥ꣬ûע⵽Ĵվˡ
˿ȥһߴһӾ߹ȥͣһɫĵҩ
ȷϵҩ֮С˵ˣȥ׵ڰɡ
ǣҪһҪͷŪϡϱ΢Щӵ
Ѿ¶ϻ굤ˣɣαضһ١ߴӵ
ǣ˵԰ٴԥ
ûпǣǲԸ⶯ֵģҪߴһԸ˵
԰ǸСģƽʱɱοǿͷأҪԼȥͷ԰æƾܵǾ˰ɣɱ˵©졣
ߴӳ⻰˵ҪǽȥǾˡ
ҷĿ϶ġ԰ؿڱ֤
֮ߴһѸϵ꣬԰æߵǰ͵͵·Ȼ򿪷ţһǰһ߳ȥ
һ͵ƺˣæٴεǷִ˹͵ٴϨ
ˣ⣬ѽ˸ҹߴ͵
ԣ԰ӷǳۣҹȻֻǸҲرôܿ·Щͨˣһٶء
ҹ˽ģšõʱǸˣΪ˱ˣʱתȥԼͿԵüأ
뵽Ͼ͵ҹ飬ߴӣܶ԰۵Ǯţ
԰Ӳ룬ĥĥİҹóȻ͵Ϩ𣬳ſɡٴ߳ȥ
˵һִӿʼڷﵽڶûб֣ԺӱȽƫƧ
ԺһԺм仹һ԰һˮ׵Ȼϡοڻ꣬͸Ӳױ˷֡
˼ѵǰУԽԽɡδûֱ졣ŹһʱߵĿĵء
ʱͣˣһһɸʬζֱ˱ӡ
óϽ˰ɣȥ԰Ӵߴٵ
ȥǰţһҪԶһӣ챻˾Ͳˡߴص
԰룬ǾӡʹҲʬ壬ᵽҿԶһҲãһﲻȱ
뵽˵:ȥأҵǰǵ㡣
ߴӵͷû˵ʲôˡ
԰˺üסͺͱӾԭ·ȥ
ڲΧӲݴӲݵǰľԣٹȥˡ
ߴӿˣߵһεĵطͣȡһż
ٵĴӲݴԣͣ
ߴϵ޴һֻɫӴĺڵ޴ϵӼϱУȻϺڵϡ
ڵһ³ɽȥɽӹⷽԲΪߴһɽ㸩
Ȼڵͣڱɽһɽǰ棬ߴӱӺڵ֮ٴδȡһȻ߽ɽ
ûӾ߽ɽֻ澹һľһӣԱ߻һƸɲһЩ߰С⣬ʳ·ȡ
ӰѸٸøɾ·Ȼ鵽ϣٰѸɲȼԭ·ء
˸ˣڵɵøˣһͻصǡ
ڵص޴ߴӺݺݵһˤײĵط·ˣ¶ƤѪ
̸ߴ۾գһ£Ȼϵ˺ǰȥ
߰ɡߴӿ԰ӾͿڵôȥôã԰ӱԹ
Ȼָߴе㲻Ծϸһŷֱһ·¶һƤѪ߰ߵģʪ·Ҳմ
ˣô£԰ʵ
ղŲСˤˣȻȥɣ˻ڵǻظءߴӻص
԰ӻ˵Щʲôջû˵ڣȻԭ·ء
ͤ
𣿡һλɫŮӿʵ
ڻͬ˷ġ
û˷ְɣŮʵ
ûС˻ص
ܺã˾ͻظɡ⼸ҸطţҪ˷֣ȻȥɡŮӷԸ
ǡһ뿪ˡ
뿪Ůûм뿪ͤԴ˪Դ˪ҿǰ͵žۣǲǺܸмҰ
ʵҲİ⼸죬쳳Ҫ㣬Ҷֱۡ
ôϲ㣬Ȼ֪ܴŹֽţֻǸǸ
ô꣬ܲء㿴ԴӼǰĵڤԨӾһ˱ӵƽԺ
꣬ԽԽŮӵıڸס
峿
︮Ĵϴ񣬵ζѾС̺Сӳһһˮȥүġ
һǰһţүǿ׸չû죬ͱϵƽԺʮ꣬ҲûѾչˡɫȹӵС̿ڵ
үķԸҲۣҪˣСüͷص
ⲻֻ˵дүĿɡ
ûС̽ͱСϣ˵֪ǽжô֪
˵Ͳ˵ôСС졣
С쿴̲סߴٵ߰ɣҪȥƽԺҪһʱأҪǵһ´ү𴲶û̺򣬾͵űѵɣ
СԹĿСһۣ˵ʲôĬĬļӿ첽С졣
Ѿ㣬ߣһӲŵݷǰ
Сǰʾүūˡ
ԺﾲĵģûչĶСٴţϧû˻Ӧ
״С̿ڵ᲻Ǵүû𴲰ǲӦðүÿ춼ʱ𴲵İǿŽȥɡ
СصҲá˱Ŷ
ֻܰһӺͼӡǴһɽˮϸסԵÿյġ
˰ˮŵϣƹϵ洲ߡһϾȻûˣⴲСϻһš
˻࿴˶Էһۣ˶Էľš
СŵǸϽȥӰɡ
Сͷ
ߵ·ʱĸã˻Żŵһ
С콹ãˣүˡ
ô£ʵ
Сһ԰Ѹղŵ½ˡ
ã֪ˣǸԼĻȥɣȥ߷ˡҲ𾪲ѣڰ˴ˣԺ߹ȥ
ˣүˣֻһšõԺʹ˵
Ҳ𾪵:ʲôȥңϽȥү˲ȥȥүϽȥҴү
˵꣬ӴӹţԺȥ
ϴŽǣ˲ݾͼҴҵˡҪ⣬һ죬ֻɫǽǵģȴƽƽһ˿ϲá
үˣݶҳˡ˵Ž
ԣɫһҲ˵ֱùŲ
ֻ濪ͷдšףТʵףҪȥס
˺ɫڵȥңܲһ
ݶʮ꣬ȥˣܲչ˺ԼǸءﵣǵ
ǸҰ֣ˡһͷֻǵͷһ˲ȴǹһ
հ֣ʶȤĲٶයһˡ
ԼԺӺʲôӣתѾߵȥߴãѳȥҴү˽л
ǡѾһˡ


 2 


ʱڴϷʵѾһˡ
Ŭ˵Լͼյƽ
ָһƽһԼĵطȻŬĻ䣬ͼҵԼôļ䡣
ǵԼĳƵĴϢҹʱŨζѬˡ
û·ã㴫ءһ䶼ǻ 
ֻԼ̺̣˶šζ·սζ˱ǶҪϢˡ
߱ģģԴȻǰһڣʲô֪ˡ
ô£ѲҲӦûһɽӦҽԺİɡ
һϾȻûб𿾺Ľ۵ġ
һǿҵĲ²ɣǴԽ˰ɡ
ͷ˲ԼֺԼϵ·ʵԼĲ²⣬ǴԽˡ
ֻԼ
ࡣ
ݶӽһʵ
ϸع۲һΧȻͷ˲ԶϵļˮһЩ
֪ǲǡ껹ûںϺãһһˤڴϡ
ʹֻԼ˴ȥŵʹʵܲˣһܲ˱Ƥ˹ȥ
һʱҺ󣬹ٴѹʱһЩļ䡣
ԭҲйݣʮ꣬Ǹƿԭʱױ빫︮
ԭ׺ǰȥһЩҩݣΪԺͻƺʮ׼ȻҵڤԨ档
ԭϢû⼸쳳ţȻ󱻱˵ӵƽԺȻͱı
ڴϢһᣬ´ȥԱӣһһˮ·ϲͿҧ
һˮ֮ͣ򿪰ʮͷֳ
ݱȥһأתʱȻһֽ
ùһֻдšүֽϽ߰ɣɽǰұߴȥһɽС·һʱһƽ塣
ǰȥƽҩʱµķӣɽǱһԺӣȥ졭үԴԺҪٻظˡ
ֽݲŪԼôᵽɽ
ٻظǿܣôԭôҲԼľˣΪ˱Ҳûȥһˣﱨġ
ԭǰԭĸ׾һŻԭһ
û뵽ǣûԭٶ֮ǰԷһ֮ǰ͸ԭŪһϻҩԭһ
ûȥϢ߰Ķ
ЩʳҲһЩˮһ·ŻʯдһƷʯѰҲһ·
ԭļǸ磬ԭƬطͼС硣
߿ɴ𵤣־Ų㣬ͽ𵤷ǰڣںͺڣдԲڡ
̤ڿɻ꣬𵤿ɻ꣬Ȼ̤档
ǽͱˡ
ֻ˵̫Ȼԭ䣬ͼСϲڣⳡѴӼǧǰһֱڡ
ϲڵӰ죬ǧͼС߲Ϳ̿
ʹͼСѩϼ˪ǣ߷󼸸𵤺ڵǰ뿪ͼСԪѾʱҲû𵤺ڡ
Ⱥ߲ʶԵģϧⳡƽٰͼС˸߰˰ˡ
ֹͣСֻΪʿʮǰΪʿʿֻʣϲǰķ֮һ
Դƻ˷ѵøأԵ̸ס
Ҫ͹һΪб
нľˮķ磬ףԡٸԽľˮԱ硢׵ѡԼ湦
ԭΪ̫ϲһ߱һ壬Ҳٽһ
ҵϴݣϴ鵤ϧֻڴ˵
磬ҲǸǿʳĵ硣ʱǿΪ
Է䣬ͻƺʮأҲԻٶꡣ
ֻͻƺ쾳絽쾳ҲҪ챦ҲһսϾЩһ㶼һЩնޱȡ˼ĵط
˽⵽ҰοôǸԽߣִ֪ʶָ֮
úŬǿúûȥģ֮͵Ϣˡ
ڴȥݾò̫ܣοϵǳ֣Ѿ忾͸͸ġ
ǺúõȥɣϾԭ磬Ҳûʲôǣҡ
ݶиʮ˵ʱ򣬰Ϊҹ·ϳȥˡ
Ǹ˺ôһǮΪǮݳȥ˵Ҫ
ݲǸɵģǮԼץס־Ը׶ȻסķӸ˾ȥ׶֮ﰲĶ飬¡
ҵͿһҹ˾ɹɹʿУһֱûɼңҲûмģҲûʲôֵš
Щеûķһߣݾȥƽ塣
ԭС⹦ߡ
ݾŬһѣǿͻ׷Ѱһ
ʮھŲһƴȴǰؼȻֹӸֶΡ
ֻܿԼĻսתӸֹȥսǿơ
ڹںأ廹ٱԽǰǿˡ
ԭ׾һЩʺԭõĲҩźǣʣµĲҩûˡ
Ҫԭûԭû棬ֻҪŬûʲô˻԰š
ڶҪճݱʰʰһĴԺ緹Ŷˡ
ɽ棬һŲĹľȶһŪһľġ
Ȼ˵ɽסɽͦģҲ֪ûҰ޻ûԷһݻǾһɵľá
Źݱɽľ뿪⡣
һ·ɽֵͦģһЩȸڹߴߴĽУʱܿһЩݴڶȻһЩӻҰ
һң㵽ɽϡݱٶȣһ·һĴ
ɽŹȥ߹ȥһĺٽȥ·һ޴ʯ飬һС·
С·һ·ңǰƽ壬ŴżʮӣЩӶ߷
ЩһЩڵģһЩԶԶġ
ԭµԺӣȽϽǰûڵԺӣǱȽϺñϣܿ칫ݾҵԺڡ
ֽµָʾݵ˴ҪȥҴ峤ԺԿס


 3 


ܿ칫ݱߵ˴ʱճãͷң㣬ſӻũԵȥ
񿴼ݶͦ棬һǰʵ:λС磬ƽк£
ݻصڰƽһԺӣңԿڴ峤ڰƽ峤סǰҴ峤λܷҴ峤ںδ
ԭˣ峤Ҿڴм䴦Ժڴ峤ڼң˵ҪȥŮСס죬Сȥ
ݸϽлл֪ȥ峤ҡ
ݲٵҿĬĬĸ·㵽˴峤档
ݸпȻ˾ǲͬʿġһֱڣ嶼ûгһƣ񻹷ǳá
ߵ˴峤ſǰ㲻룬һ·ǰš
˭һϵ
һλ߷ڰƽһԺӣд峤պԿףλ˵Ķӣڰƽ峤סԽԿסݻص
֨һűˣֻһλͷ׹Źȵվߡ
ݿڵλС磬ͷҪţͲˣȷʵһλ߷ѷԿ׷һһ⣬һ壿
壿һ㶣ԭûϽ㡣һºԭȷʵһö壬ڲϡ
ݰѲϵȡˣʵöɣ
ţȷʵ峤ùһ»ص
Ȼ峤ʹȡһɰԿ׺һö塣Ѿܾûˣҽ˴ȥ˳ʰʰһ°ɡ
л峤ݹֵ
ЦЦתһλͿԭҵԸľλСȥ߷˵Ժǣ˳ʰһ¡
صǣүү
ֶԹݵСӸ߰ɣ
峤ͷһõûΡ
ίүү
ûԹݵӣʱҲڴʲô£æ
ݸϽһл峤
ͷ֣ȥһˡ
ڰֵͷͷ
ת˵үүȥˣڹùǵøҴùĸ㡣
˶ʱ־йȣһݵ󣬾Ͱߡ
ݰЦ˵˶ǰżӣôĲ̫һ
תһ룬ҲǻĵĹŴҲ֪ûʲô¾ӡԼеĹŴҲûʲôֵġ
һ·˲ͣſݵ󣬲˼صǸһ֪ʲô
ЦЦ¹ݣݵܱˣҽ㰲ľְɣ
ǳصðݵܡʱʱɽϵҰˣҰҲ࣬죬һȥ԰ɣ
ݻص᲻᲻̫ãɽӦúΣհɣô죿
ݰСǺ죬һԭǰ䣬С֮䣬ǰʱȷʵҪܲ١
ݵܣǴɽûʲô޵ƽʱĴǶȥɽЩҰɽϵ޶ޣЩľԱûġ
˵˶ᶨʱȥԣЩûˡҲʿһЩ˸׽ˡľ
ԣ룬ʯôֻʣӣһЩףһЩþߣһЩﱻ죬ʣ¶ǮҲ֪ɽԣҵҰҲá
ȻݱǺðɣȥΣ
ľŸӦîʱ
ݻصãľ˵ǸߣΪʲôȥڴﰡ
һȴŨسֱŨֱŨ߳һ㶼Ǵڸ
ľ̾ʲ㣬Դ㣬㵽ϣٽһͻ㵽Ĳ㡣
ϧԵѰʮˣˣشס꣬ȥչء
ݵԭˡ
˵˵˱㵽ԭµԺǰΧǽг˸ߣ濴ȥʲô
ԺȻ˵ܳһʱûסҲôԺӺһҵʯ·
ʯ·ұǲݵأżŹ˹ʵһ鲻ƷʲôûУֻһЩӲݡ
߹ʯ·ǷˣǰǰԺ䣬мǿ᷿
ͷǺԺԺǰԺмһС԰ҲûʲôһЩӲݡ
Ժ䷿һ䣬һ鷿һһԷ
һ䷿ǳǰ滹һˮһ˵أҲǳӲݺһЩϲˣеعϡ
˵عȥǺţǱһƬ֡
ܵ˵ǲģҲͦʵҪִ׶ķӲһڶ򲻵ķºƽ
֮˾ͿʼæӣӣʲôС˳
Űʱң˾ȫɨɾ
̱ڿϢ̾ɨ䣬еۡ
ľͷӦɲǡ
һᰲľһؼϢϢˣʰʰǱȥɽϴԡ
ݸſڣ緹ٻȥȻŷԼ緹֪ʲôɽʳѾԹˡ
ʲôûУֻһЩõչޣˮĺ˵һЩꡣ
Һã˵ﻹеعϣӦ֮ǰûθɾģݾͳˣȥ
뵽סľľ磬ȱߣ֪ڴһЩʳ
ľһԼԴӵңʹ˸밲ƽԶһС򣬽ɽ
Ӵұ߳ȥƹĴܿһȥɽˡ
ȥһЩʳ⼸涼ɹջʳɹ֮һЩ˻ʱֱȥ򡣡
ݵãȥһˣϵҼҳýʶʶҵա
ľȵû뵽㻹ˣұݵܳա
ľΪǸǮ˼ӵܣʮָմˮ
룬ݳİۣͶ֮һζ
Ȼ˵ڹϴĶͨ£ʷǷ˿Ӱ
ľҲûдû뵽ǹסŵһꡣ
Ըĸȥ󣬾Լһ˳ӿʼİ쵽ɫζȫԸ֪
ʹǮˣҲϰԼæ
ŵСϳջǲġ
ľЦҲ·ͷ
ʱ֮ĸȥ˲١
Ȱľ뿪󣬹ݱҪס䣬䲼õĺǾ¡
ļҾҲµġ֮󻹲ŻҳζһʪģŵŻɡ
ҪĶȻ˵ļҾ֮඼߱ȴûбӣͷ
·ҲûУһЩףˣεҲҪ
һҪĶͦģݾھȥϣ˳緹 
ΪԭС̺򣬲׵ģȱʲô͸һ͸ˡ
˵ԭԽǮûʲôݾȫϣǮá


 4 


ɽ򲢲һмҸһСͷмҪһЩ̣ӻ̣̣ݣ¥̡ϵСһЩķ¥֮ࡣ
ұ߱һЩ̣һЩվڽֵߣһЩѼ֮ĵ̡
ȥһЩ⣬ˡŲ·㵽Ĵүǣһ𣬰Ѷŵ
űߵӻ̣һЩΰͣͺһЩϣ˳һЩסĲ࣬ڴһЩȽϷ㣬ҲȽϱˡ
û뵽ĵͦȫģ͡ҲִĻͺͲ͡
ҲǱϾǻĵĹŴôܸȽϣô˵ҲǸ硣
һһ߿ܿ㵽ʱݾȳ緹ټ
ȥڽֵС̯ϳһ硣Ȼ⽴ʵҿϳ̺üңļҵĳɽ׻ƣ
صмǼҽ̣ĳ±֮õģ۸Ҳһ˶ȥǡ
ݵлߵ̣Щ죬ѡ
ߵſڣ߳һЦݵСڵλҪЩʲô
˵׳£һ죬˫ЬӺ¡
Сʵ֪Ҫֲϣֿʽ
ݻصһҪ鲼ʣµҪ޲ʽʺϴԣʣױʽɡ
Сٴ˵ãǵƳʽ£ǴӹسǸսģӹһ³ߴ磬ɴѡ
˳ߴ磬㵽ųµĵط·
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СһʣݱһȽϷ㣬־ö԰ƽ˽ⲻ࣬ǲҪôۺá
ݲ֪ǣڰƽУǸӵܣԭµԺڴǶõġ
ƽʱԭסҲֲˣǳȥҪǻѾ߸̺ɶǮ˼Ҳ
ݵͰɡ֮ݸǮشˡ
һ·ϣûˡԺǰ̵С˰æѶõԺ֮ͻȥˡ
ݵѶźáѾ죬ЩŵӦòᷢ
ȻѽҪõˮõˮϴϴ㵽ʰ
ȰѴɽİ򿪣·ó͸ղһŵʯŵߣһȥùȥ
ϴŻӣпˮƽŴĻеһƴҲһСˡ
ȻѸղıŵϣպһӣһϯһͷҺɴЬӷŵ£˱ʰˡ
ݽ£ѵЬӣ˯һ֪ǲΪûںϺõԵʣڱȽ˯
Ѿʱĩˣʰñ߳䡣
ʱ䲻ạ̃ϸ紵ϮˡͻȻеįվ˺һᣬתȥ
˳ϴչޣҲϴ˱㿪ʼ󷹡Ȼʯһȼ˻𣬵Ǿͦġ
ù˵󷹵˵ȷʵͦġ
֮ݰѲȫϴãȻѼҲϴöáü嵰͵ٳһ˺һ̺ռ⡣
ΪкҶڳԵıȽ϶ͦ͡ģ㹻˳ԡ
Ѳ˶ϴ֮󣬹ְѵһҪõ֮ϴһ顣ŪЩ㿪ʼˡ
Ƿͣһ¹žͰ˷ŵ˺һ˱͸ˣٷһЩΰ;װãȻŪռ⡭
ŪЩ֮󣬰Ѳ˶Ųݱȥаľ߳ԺӣһҴææĹݵܡ
Цĸպãʡȥ㡣
ľЦŻصߣȥա
ľһ߳һ߾̾Щ˸ˣֻͷʱʱ̾
˳꣬춼ˣݱðľȥ֮յϴáԺ˳ʳ֮ȥϴ˸衣
ʱҲʱ룬߰˵֮䣬˯ҲɴϷ㵽ʼ
һʱֹ֮ͣ͵ˡûã˯ȥˡ
ʵһˣһ϶ġûԽ֮ǰԭ̤ر㿪ʼˡ
ǹݾã⸱廹ûã˯ʱǱҪġܺúó壬볤ԭһװ˶أ
ڶ죬ʱݱʱȥʣµ˺ͼ⣬ʹ˸൱緹
緹һѲ񵶺͹ߵɽǣͰľԼڴʯͷ߼
ʯͷֵģػʯʯ˵ǰ˸հѴӽòʱʯͷ͵
ϲڸտʼʱΪ˶ӡסһεʱĳ첻֪һޣʱΪɵʱ
ͻȻ½Ŵʯͷ޸ѹڵ¡Ϊһʯ׷ǰݡ
ʱһΪԭԭ׷޹ģΪر죬߸ϲϡ
ڹʯͷú֡һʲ֪ô£ô˸Ͻ뿪
ԭʯͷһͨʯͷֻʱѹסޣûаѹλʯͷ˼£ʯͷȰȥȻʯͷŲ
޻ţֻأǰýߴ̴ʱˡ
λ߼ֲ̿ⲻȥȥŪһЩǮƸ뿪ˡ
˵ֻһͨʯͷϾǾ˴ػʯ
һᣬľʹҴææĸϹͷݵܣõ˰ɣ
ЦЦûУҸչá
ľһЦҴȥһطöɶˡ
ЦǱ밲ľǰ·
һǰһɽȥ˺ӱߣźӰȥ͵һɽɽš
ǰΪȥµɽͦġ
ΪʲôȥɽָԼɽ
ľ˳ָȥɫݵԺǧҪȥɽǸɽɽǰһ˽ȥ֮󣬾Ҳûг
ÿɽ᲻ʱߵɽžǱ߾ͻֵɢ֮С·ͻȻͳֵĵط
ĵطһ˸飬ͻʧȻ֮³֣ȻظЩ·ûһɡ
ľͣһֵ˵ɽǲģϲڿʼʱͻȻġ
ʱЩ߷׷׹ΪɽбЩ˹εʲôûеõЩ˱ȥˡ
Щ֮ɽЩ˵תͷһɽ֮Щ˾Ҳûг


 5 


ʱľɫе԰ףںʲôһ˵Щ˽ȥãͻȻɽ˴ѪһѪһɽѪЩѪɽ֮ͻȻʧˡ
ʱ˺¼ˣһЩ˷׷׳Ҫ뿪Щ˱뿪ˡ
ǵʱ˵汲᲻뿪Ͼʱ´ңȥҲжá
汲ѹĿ־壬Ȼڴסţֻǲҿɽһʱ֮Ƿûʲôֵ·֮㰲ڴסš
Щ߻ΪûˣȻɽֻЩҲûг
֪ʲôʱֻҪ·ɽɽŸû£˾Ūأɽ֮Ūһʯʾ
ݻصԭˣľַģײȥġ
ľ˵һ඼˵ˡ״ݰԼˮݹȥľ˼ͷ˵:ݵĶȫֻһ͹
ݰû˳ô£Լǳ
ŵɽΪԭ
漴ҺɽȽ磬ûЩ£Ҳûô˷֡
ȻǾͺˡûķɣû¯졣߱˷֣Ǿ͸군˵ֱһΣ߱Щ߷֣Ȼ׽úо
ֵǣ˵ǸԭӦ֪Щ°ɡôԭɽѵʲôԵʡ
⵹ԩˣԭ˻Ĳ֪ɽ¡
˼ȥ벻Ȼߵ·ԵӲҲԽԽ࣬ҲҪ±ҧ㲻ٺ˼룬רĸ·
ͬʱɽɽĳһ鲼黨мһĸۡݶɫҶӣ׺ɫĹʵ
ݶĳһ͵չ£ֻһֻһ֫˯ֻӲʱ»Ҷһ£һһһһ˳
֣ᷢ󣬿ż£ϳëܣǾȥȴ֣ΪЩëë׵ġ
ֻ䳤ëϵëһ㣬ֻǲǰɫģǶɫġ
֮ȶ΢İɫ⢽ǣǱŵһ˫ۣ۽ë΢΢
Ȼһӣµţֻһ¶ۺɫС֮࣬ؿڣ֮ë׵βͣβͼҲǶɫġ
ֻ޿Ŀɰཱུģ˺뱧ڻúáһ
̫ߣС޷˷һһϵţ۾˾ǣͫǰɫģܸ˯ѣ۾ˮ
Сһ壬ݶС·ߵһӵĵطֻߵǣһߣм̱λá
ʱɽɽ±֣ᷢЩ·ûˣȡ֮ïܵӲݡ
ʱݺͰľѾɽϣһŰľ£ܱߵӲڵ˵Ӱ
˲ԶһֻҰʳ˵ãľ䣬Уٲһ
ಡһȥˣҰᴩؿڣҰ΢΢͵ڵϡ
̾ľֺü
ľ˼ЦЦ̸ϺüȥҰߣټԣ´
˲˵ĬȻϸѰң˺һᣬʲôûС
˱ֿľȥұߣȥߡ
ţͻȻһЩ÷״ĽӡЩӡߣӡͷǸɽֻһϪˮɽһͷС¹Ǻˮ
ĵߵʺķΧ¹ӦΣգͷ˿ʲôûУٴεͷˮ
һΧӲݹ࣬ڵһ£ӱȡѹһɣ˳ȥ
ţһ˻ѪĽͷ¹㵹ˣûȹȥٲһˡ
ٴθп֮ߣҪǰ˸ɾ䣬һ
ԭ磬ҲǸǮҲȥרŵԳԡ
һɱһ򣬱ȽϴһҰ֮ģһ׼ͷҲǺ׼
ݲ룬¹ŵ뿪ˣȥԼĵطȰľһ·ҲţҰҰĢ֮ҲժȡһЩ
¹е󣬰ˣһЩٺҶźͰֻ˶
һݱ㵽Լĵط϶ŵϣһЩ죬̧ͷ򷢳ĵطȥ
üһľȻ̧һֻ·ݴҰ߹˹ݱ¶ЦݣݵȻͷ¹
ҲЦľҲһҰҲͦõġ
ľ⻰ϲ̵˵ôطɡ
̲סЦȷʵлľִ
ľæڰ֣ݵ˿طԣûξͷˣɽɡ
áݻص
˱һ·˵ЦȥݳûһһЩʶͰľһЩºˡ
һ·ݱƽʵ˲࣬һЩƷ-˿ݡ
Щ˴һЩϵǮ˼ҹӶģЩ˿˿ҩԼ۸ǲ
˿ְƷں쾳ʱԿʼסһƷؿöƷԴƣƷںʮء
ݾ˿ԼҲһЩ۸ӦòһıֶΡ
뵽⣬ݱϸһЩ˿ݵ£Ȼ֪˿ҲǸ˾ֵġ
Ҫľ˲ֵ֣˿ݣȻȴûҩԭȴû֪
Թ˵ⲻ⣬ԭľˮУЩ˿Ӧû⡣
ľ˵ãֳ˿Ʒ಻ãҶϴİ˿Ƚ٣˿
żһߵĶЩ˿ݵĳ̹ҲһЩˡ
⻰̲סй˿Ӧòš
ľ֪Щ뷨϶쿪
ƷԽõ˿ҪԽ࣬õҪЩԣؾһЩҩ԰ܴ
ҲΪˣڴǷǳĺľе壬ˮ
Ǵ⼸ǧһ߱ˣҲΪˣ̤ڡ
ϧڻԵһЩԵõ˵˺ü硣ͬˣԵãԴţͬʹ඼߰˲㣬Ըߵ˿ܶŲ㡣
˵ˣǹݻǾһЩ˿ݣԺǿƷ÷չˡ
Ȼ׬ǮķϾҪԴҪԴԴϵĽǮʯͶ롣
˴Ǵ緹ʱ䣬һЩ񿴵˱Χۡ
Ĵ׷׿ˣһЩͲ¶Ľ飬һЩ˻˵ʱԼҲҪȥԡ
ʱӭһʮ꣬ϴһ˫һۣģȴɬδһɡ
ֻ괩һƱߵӣǻɫϺý£ϴһƽ
һֻһѰɫӣһֻһƿƣϵľ࣬һһĵġ
ľˮˮûߣͱһߵ
İһʮ꣬һѴ󵶡ͨɷ¡
ӦĻȾʱɫ˱仯óƵã·Ǻͬ


 6 


˺üھƣͰѾƺӸ꣬ȻӺҵĲһ͡촽ѪϹ㡣
ôһĻԱ߶껪Ĺֱߺʮ꿴Ůˣ߷߲ƽ
꿴һۣȻֱֱݱ¹ʱ¶֮ɫ֪뵽ʲôʿˮĶ
ʶʲôſӻ˻ΣͼڸԼղŵΪ
ˣͻȻ뵽Լԭר˵ĴʳԻԾ΢΢ǣ𣬾úЦѡ
꿴ϱ飬ʱסˣǣǵģԴһ
ץסЩʲôֿݣȻͷֹݶŰľ˵˵ЦЦ
һĻе㲻졣Ǵһ԰ķаŮ¿ǲ
ǰ⺢ǸõģڴΨһһŵѧӡҲԴʮ꿪ʼý̤ţ֪Ƕδ󰵰ϣԼܳΪӡ
ҵȥ꣬⺢ڴĶҲΪ꿼ŶƴһСı˳ԲѺü죬˵˺üأ׼¡
ʮҹ⺢ӻ˿һֱ˺ķѵĿԣȳѪ˿
ֻ֮ȥһν£ȻǸ˵Ķҩ˲Ρȥˣ⺢ܲܰ
ķ⻰˹ȥûˡϱܵ˱ӡ
˭֪ʮʱ򣬰ķͻȻͺˡ
ϣķɫͻȻɲ԰𽥱ú󡣵Ȼڳ˵ɫرãԱǰ˵ķɫȷʵúܶࡣ
쵽ʱķѹѹʼҲˣĬĬᡣ
￴æйܼȥι˵ķӣκá
б˿ԣķ⻰еĿŴ򡣿ǽǾ仰ǵϣȻȥҽΡ
ôأ߱ϡߣһųôҽǸˣһųôһ֪ķûκõĻˡ
Űķ̾һ֮͸ˣĲѡܼҲ̾˿ȻѴͻҽݡ
˿ſž˵ϣץסķͣػζҿķأĺӡ
ķ޻߹ȥֹȰѹ廹Ҳû緹أ÷úϢ
Ȼߵô죬ǵķҪô졭
˻û꣬޻ױϵˣҪúϢ
ȻתŰķѾߴյȥȡүҩ緹
չǣϷˡ˱뿪ˡ
ȥ·ϣ˶үĸˣǰ˱ʵҴôˣ
뿪ڵүѾѹˡվȲĿڵүүүˡ
ĸ˵üȥɡ
տɫɫˢһ°ˡĸתˡ
ͷ߰ɣүҪ緹أ˼Ҷүɲʲôèȥġ
仰߷߲ƽĵǣȻտڲԣתȥ
¶̵Цݣû˵ʲôˡ
ʵⰲһʱ䲻ڰƽסģڹسסġ
Ȼ˵Ϊ磬ʵͨ˺Ӷ࣬Щ˾ۼһγɷ׽硣
ƽм䣬ͨˣҲߡһ׹ҹ᰹ƽڹ᰹ڡ
̫үСʱʮƶ԰үСͿʼɻ
үʱ˵ſظ˰Լúö顣үүү̺Լӣүү֪ҧ˼顣
үүʲôȻһү㿪ʼһ߶飬һ߸ɻ
үүúö飬ĻͲøˡүԴǸʹģæʱȥæúö飬Ҳ
һ㿼ŵ˶ϣûôǮͰүȥŽ̡԰үԼȥЩѧѧ굽ǰȥμͯԣһͿš
ŰүʼдıȻ顣꣬μ˾ˣŵꡭհү˸سǵĹү
֮үһӱ㳤סسǣֱǰүӹٳ밲ƽˣȻŰذƽġ
Ѿȥȡ˰ķ緹ԺĳĿϴõ֦˿
ֻصķ䣬ոȥķϴķͻȻࡱһ
˲ģùϴ֦˿Ըķϴ
Ū֮ô緹ȻιķʱİķǴģǸղ׵Ŀ޺Ҳûһ˿ӦǸһ
û뵽ݸʱͻȻǴԼѹƿ֣üҲ࣬Ҫ⡣
˿Űķסˣ漴Ӧͬˣ
ķΣջָüͷٴһֱúõģ
ү߹Űķɻ廹ûоò
ķ˺üǰˣشҺܺð
˵꣬ķ͡Сһ硣˲ִסˣʱӦæѶŵţȻǺñӡ
ڴϺüѹ廹ûأúϢȻ⣬ȰҩˣȻҩ
ڴϵİķǴģִӴҩ࣬ιķķݵߵ࣬һǡ
Ȼ󿪿ڵһԼɡ
Ȼùһҩ࣬ͷݵߣ๾һȫ̽
֮󣬰ķ˵ԼҪϢ֮ԼҪ⡣ϷæӦװûԼϰ飬ӺͶϱȰ˵ķڲܳ
ڰϷԼĹһҪˣԵû£嵭ЩǡǸ˵ԼĹԼҪˣﻹҪҽޡ
϶ԩԼҽزƭǣϽʧҲ̫
ȵ˶˰ķ֮󣬰ķ˯˹ȥͻȻһֻСƾճڰķϣС˦˦βͣ˻Դ
߰ķ壬Ȼ촽һһ˵㰲ĵȥɣүһչ˺˵ġ
ʱķ۽ˮСһæ˵ްϽͷ̥ȥɣúֿתΪˣʱ󱾴үȥģȻͺöǮġ
ķøˣСòС
СڴתתȥβͲͣĴ죬һСٴοڵˣô߰үӦ˵Щˡ
ʱķֹͣˮСٴεȥɣϽ߰ɣȻĻǱš
ķȰ棬ĸһķһģһӰֻûʵ壬Ӱһϵ塣
СһлС˻ӣϽ߰ɣ
֮󣬰ķӰ㽥ģֱʧ


 7 


Թ
ʱķǳˬˬˣҪ˵ùǿɳ嶯
һӣһֻèⲽܿ͵˹ǰ
һ¹ݣȻ󿪿˵ιܲ㱳ŵ¹үңҡ
ķû˵껰ľϵķһҪݵܵ¹㲻Ҫ̫
ķͲˬ⻰һӾըˣŭүô۸ˣүⲻǻû˵꣬ʹˣүҿǻǮġ
ľ˭ϡǮ⣬üëȻӴ࣬ðľΪӦòô
ѵӦ÷ã˵г𡣲ڲЩʱ
侲ΧĴţ˾ͺСһмĹݾùֲ˼ġ
ԭûЩܵ
ǰ԰ľ֣㻹ûλʲôأ
ķһӺ˵㻹ûߴүʲôأ
ʮ͸ҳƴүеԼ嶼ûȻҲԳƴү
ݺƢĶ˵¹ݡ
ʲô˵йݣٰķͻȻɴ۾
ݿ귴ӦôҲһѵԭʶһг֡
ѹЩ²⣬ٴκƢĴǵģѵʶ£
ʶֹʶ
վ˱ĸ˵Ҳǻ쵰չݣԽݸ߷
ķ˵Ŀƣϧѹˡ
Ȼִų˵:Сһÿɰ
Ǹ˱ѹҪ
ķɫɵúȻŹݵ쵰Ȼתܵˡ
һ㶣ԼûʲôԲ¡ʲôҲԼģԭԩġ
ϧûĵĿߣΧ˶һĿľҲһȵĿ
ķ껤ݺݵصһ۹ݾȥ׷ķүȵҡ
ľݣٵݼȥ֮š㿪ʵݵǰʶķ𣿡
ȫ̶ڻԭĹԿ϶ԭȷʵǲʶˡ
ľĻ֪аķǸֻ֣ʵ
ʶصǰʶһοˡ
Ȼݲ²֣˵ǲϴˣ
ľʵģϴпܣǿܣһǵġ
ݾȵ֣ô˼ѵԹ
ľ⻰ɫˣȻ˵⵹ڣֻ⻰˵ʱٸ㡣
˵仰ľ͸ǻؼˡ
ûж룬æʰһԵϾɽϱᣬٺãҲе㲻
˳һˮͿʼ緹
ֻڳʼ¹ʱʹֻһС룬µ¹ֳݣŵˮš
Ȼſʼ緹˸¹⣬¹ҰˣҰݻˣڻĺӱժġ
ʱʺժˣݽժ˵ʱ򣬻ľЦݵСϱͻݣ
ЦЦûϾȷʵЩ
ĸʺϳʲôˣôôǸζζЩ˵һԭҲ٩һ£Ȼ˳䷹
¸ɴ䣬ûһ˷ˡΪֻһˣڳˣʡȥͷ
ҪԷʱͻȻŴ˵ǲɵùϵһã
ݿţ־Ȼûˡ
ͻȻ˷һʹæתĵطȥ㿴˲ǰܵꡣ
ʱݸպÿķϣ˺üţүҪˣ
ݿ̲סЦû뵽ץš
ķŭ쵰Ѵүҷ
üûоͷǽν
ķ˭ǣĥĥġүҵȵȶˡ
ݵ٩ĻصţȷʵҵĴ˴Ҫƽϡ
ȷʵĴүķ˵ʵԼվֻ뿴ݻô
ԽڹʵǷǳģ۸ļʮ֪
Ժвٲ²⣬ʲôԼģи뷨ȵȣҪú÷й
ýСһײԷйһ¡
ķݹǳãóĸղŷǽʱմϵĻҳ
ûһᣬݱ㵽ǰЦЦȻ˫֡ķʶʲôһ¡
ϧˣһѱ˫һ̰ķ㱻׵ǽݶãﳤ˲ݣ䵽ƽغܶˡ
ǽİķסˣӦ֮ڴӹȻĵʮ˴ʻظ
֮ķһԾΧǽȻٴҪһͷˤۿҪˤˣһֱס
ķһͷ˸ۣȻŭʵ쵰ղΪʲôӳȥ
ݻص˼Ҹղõ΢е󡣡
ķһɫǺˣŭ΢еǹģ쵰ҳϣ˼𣿡
ٴЦЦĲǹģ˴ԭҰɣ
ķβ˵ˣȻһȭͷҪһ١
æĵˣԭҰɣԽԵ¹Ǹô
˵仰ݾסˡͻȻ¹һ̣һӰǸӰǰˡ
ԣķæ˵ã˵ġھҪԣϿȥøҡ
ҡҡͷðҸպõģɣ
һ˳Ҳû˼ǰСһͦ˼ģһԷӦòеµ
ݰһᣬ͵һˡķԸ⣬ҲҪȥˡ
üô¶Ҫң⵹ǣֻ͵ԡԺǰŵζҲһֱţҪ̲סˮˡ
ҾҪȥķش
ݿһۣķƿߡ
ֻõǺðɣɡ


 8 


Űķ˳֮󣬱ԼڳøȥŵȣΪ̱Ƚϴ
ķԸ⣬Ҫš
˵Ĳ¶ĺˣҲô
ķŲ鲻Ը߳ȥݸ˰ӷŵˮߣȻٰ¹̳
ķϾͿŹæȵûסˡ
߽˵ҪԺյģҪġ
ݵͷԡ
ȻͿʼҰˣкһ£ʡý˯š
Ȼ¹⣬Ƿͣͷ¹ټӵˮˮղ࣬Ϳʼŵա
ûһζɢˣķڰ߿۾תʼʿˮ
ݰպ֮󣬿Цڽˮˡ
ķʶߣһʲôûУŭ쵰ŲŴүҺúýѵѵ㡣
ݶЦЦ⵹ãûָգôŻӦ˵Լѡ
ķըû뵽㻹ˣСӰ
ЦЦˣæһ²ˣȥԷɡ
ߣóԵ򷢴үҡķŤͷߵ
ε˾Ͳóˡ
ķŲ鲻ԸŲ˳ȥں棬ûע͵͵ץһԡ
֣˵Ҫץ
ķƿ֣С˵үҲûץ
ȵв˶õ󣬰ķֱ£үˣ쵰ÿ˰æò˵ġ
ݻصҼǵҽûˡСһ
ķٴըˣ߷߲ƽĵүҶ˵ˣ㿪̫ˡ
üԷɣ
ķߡһ³ӣصȥͶԹݵүװԭ㡣
ݿ˰ķһۣȥװ뷹
ⲻǷҲûʵⰲķһжڵİСӣҲǰˣȫûбҪ˷
װ÷֮˾Ϳʼˣ¹ⲻϹҲԵøζ
Դʳϸʣܸøܵʳζ
ݸճеĵһ¹⣬İķѾԼķһ룬ϵĲ˿һ롣
ķһǲģڹݵͷԷʱ򡣾ȻϢͳô࣬ɰķǲ̵ֱġ
Ȼ˰ķ̵ֱģղһֱţʲôʱˣδʱˣҪڼѾϢˣĶѾԹˣڳԷ
ΪһʮĴ壬ݿɿ߰ķԷŰķüԣ̫θá
ķ⻰͵ôܣС쵰˵ġ
ݲõô˵ģʲô
ķһۡߡһͰԷˡ
˲һͳԺˣʰ궫
ķûߣڿȲأһޣüͷһͻͻġ
ʱƻȥһᡣ
ȵʱȥҰľһ£˿ĵͿȥ
ϧƻϲϱ仯ĿǰķСһһʱᶼ뿪⡣
ת룬ǰԭƻźˡ
ڰķСһﰮ͸ֻҪŵͺˡ
ݸķ˵ԼİţķȤıʾҪ֤Լŵ
ݰԼķ䣬ЬϴϢû˼
û뵽ķһըˣСåôү㴲ϣʲô
üһͻһͻĵҪڴϢҴϢȥȡͷûʰϢ
ķΪʲôȥ
仰ЦΪʲôΪҵķ䡣
ķһڵ֮ҾҪ⣬ȥ
ҪͳȥҪֱվݻص
ķŭ㡭Ȼֱܵˡ
󣬰ķ߷߲ƽ뿪ˡصѾС˿׷׶㲻ĶһɫԼ𷣡
Ƕˣķˣܵǡص󣬡žһţ˵˴ϡ
ͬʱȴѾɴ˯ˣֻüͷȴŵġʲôһȻûзŹ
ûüͷչϵıǷŵģá
һʱ֮󣬹ݿҪѹʱϵıͻȻתΪͣûɫͷɫٴγ˯ȥ
һ˯ʱȥˣѹʱЩãȻ⣬֪Լη
ݻûüпͷԼĳطʪˣɫͺˣжûΡ
ûдԽǰݲǮգ춼ŮǸͬŮûȤ
һͬưҸ˽󣬾⼸ꡣ
밲ˣҲԹѣϧͬȦ̫ˣѾջ͵ԡ
ʱݾѹ˺ķѵԭȻӦ
Ӵˣûнѣ󣬾Ҹ
ѵѹ̫ˡ
ͻȻԼ§һˣֻ˵ȴôҲ벻
ֻ֪Լˣú㵽ûǡûĸ˸ĸо˶Բˡ
ûڲѣҲ֪ԼܲٴεˣҲ֪ʵǷʵڡ
ǲ֪Ϊʲô˹ݾеϤӴˡ
ǹݻ˸Լܼˣûˡ
һûȻ㲻롣Ȼ𴲣ռƻȥ
ͬʱķɴϺ˯ʱʱĻȥѱӸߵһ¶ԲԲװ׵Сӡ
ͻȻɫʹҪͬʱֽŲϵŰķ˵һ䣬ˣ쵰
ûðķ۾ſƺԺţһֱ۾
һķѹѹİķǴģ˸ƺ˯ȥ
޷ټ˯һţû죬㿪ڵ𣿸ղùôѩݱùˣϽǡ
ķͷĵôˣ֪ˣͳȥ
ش̲ס̾˿ԴӰķ󲡺֮󣬼ֱǻ˸Ƶģǰȫһ
˸оİķѩݿûԭİķôġ뿪ȻǼš
ԭİķһùͻἱҴҵȥ
ԭİķѩ˴С÷á
ԭİķȡ֮󣬾͸˶ףϾ˾ͳס
ǰԭİķ󲡵ʱѩҲΡ
ǻǰһΪ˲Ȱ˵һΪԼȥ
ϧѩݲԸ⡣Ŷ˵ˡ
ֻԭİķԸⵢѩ͵Ķظ


 9 


ԭİķѩ֮Ҳûˣ˵ʵԭİķͦĵġ
ȴֵԼǷ̫ģǲЩʲô¡֮ǧ뷨һһԺԹջΪŨŨ˼
֪ԼҪ˵ʱСԼȥ
ֻǣ֮ŷãֻһԸˡ
죬Сʵܲߴߴᡣùüҡ
ѩݼɽϣ̣һȥһԼģ⻹ұȴǲñȽԶ
ùðʩ÷һʼǼɽģѾݹһΣһǼ޵үӵϹٳ¼ҡ
¼ҺͰǱȽУүرͰүũӵܣԾΰүӡ
үӣѾɼңСҲסֻжӶʮˣԾûгס
үӺԼķʮ֮ǰһӡ
˱㿪ʼʼ޵ŮӣȥүӾԼĵ¹ٰүӡ
Ȼ͸Լķ˵ⰲүӵŮΣϷǸµģԼĴϱ毡
ǸģԼĸѾȥⰲʩ÷Ρ
ʩ÷Ǹˣ֪ԼƢãÿЩ֪ԼϸѾСˣҸɸԶԶġ
һЩϲˣ³ҡмѾ߱¥ҲмѾ߱޸һЩͷ͹ѷ򣬲֪и޶ȵģûŪˡ
ԭⰲʩ÷СʱǸùǱĹټСŪű˵ġ
ʱʩ÷۸ûҸκˣʱˣԸͽŤˡ
ʩ÷ǲģ毵ĸѾЩͻȥ
¼үЩͷˡڼүӾʾ
֪үԼʱүֻˣҪ֪үڹؿĹ١
ȻЩ⣬ϾЩһ㶼ûʲôȤЩ¡
ڹٳæµһүӴŮҲʵԣͰŮԼչˡ
ŮүЩεģϾͬĺӣԼӹĻһЩ
ӲүӵϣӾԼæչ˼˸
ӱĴˣǸЩģɲʲôͨˡ
ԼϹٳүӼԼĶӣǿͿġү֮뵽үӽףҲһԵڡ
ʱʩ÷޵¼һֵͦģټϳ¼ŶҲʩ÷ԼԼǳ¼¼ҵѾС˾ûôıϹϾ
һΣױѾ߶СĸŪˣѾҲһʱǸ
ʱ¼Ҳڣû˵ʲôһѾ߸Ū
ʩ÷ͷֳֶ࣬һѾ߲ģһСְѰʩ÷Ūˡ
ʱ¼ŲڣĹ¸ȥһЩˡʩ÷Ҳ̲ˣͷˡſ̱ѾߣͷϵķκݺݵĴѾߵ֡
Ϊ˷ֹļ˸ԼĸѾ߸졣ղǸѾ̣ŵûʧɫ
ۿҲҪкʩ÷ȥƣʮѾŵͿʼ
ʩ÷в˵ȥ֮Ƿ¥Ͼǵϵ
Ѿæŵŵĵū澲ҡ
ʩ÷ĸѾʱȥǶ߹Ȼ˵ѾѾߵӣ͵ù󡣡
Ѿ߹һģʩ÷Ȼÿ鶫ڵһߣ໰ͱ˿ĻǺÿ
иͷͻеڶεֱΡ
ʩ÷Ժ󾭳˽£ҸЩѾߡһΣ˸ײˣĽ¼ŵ߶ˡ
߶ݱȰʩ÷߹ˣؼˣؼΪһŲڣһ塣
ʵүҲЩ߼ףЩ̳ӵܣûͨ˼ң̺Լķͷҡ
˵ЩˣǸԼ徫ģû츳ӵҪȢҲļ壬һͨ˵ļ塣
Ͼļкܶǣ棬Ǹͨ׼ûκ̸
߶ǸûˣСͱĹиý㣬߶ڼš
ԼãۼˡɲԼñȥߡ
ϣͰ߶СϲôôǰǲҪõӰ졣
߶͵ĳ谮ͽ̵˳Ϊһǣ֪ĹҲһīسɹˣ˶ͨ
֪ʩ÷Ŀ֮ʱ˵ʩó¼֪Ŀǣû߻ʩ÷Լͱ¶ˡ
һգʩ÷ȥسĵ档ʱһͻȻײʩ÷
ʩ÷ײͷɢˣˡ
ײʩ÷ϣֻһ˺һСüëҶϸһ˫ȴִֺڣۺˮ⡣
ӸͦȴʧС֬Եýʩ÷ɴûмôƯĹ
Ȼ毺ãŵȴǱȽͨеƾɡߵ˼ֱǸӣҲ۲۵ġ
ʩ÷߸ղŵ£ſһЩȣƯȻһɶʼɡ
£ʩ÷ʾһԼĸѾߡ
ĸѾˣȥǶԶ۾ײ˹ˡһ˵һְ
ءһѾ߱ص˦ذϣûһѪأһѾˡ
ʩ÷״ŵˣߵѾæ͹ġ￴˶ιȥˣҲûЩô
ֻߵʱвҪټǡ
ЩѾСæˣʩ÷ѾתȥŰʩ÷ߡ
һ£ӸšŪˮѡǹ
ЩѾæͷ˵ū澲ң˻𷣵ġЩˣͷĳѪˡ
һһһߴ
Ѹʩ÷ϣһҧһڣڼЩѾ߶ƴͷûһĻ
һߣĶ˴ǿҵġ
ǱӦⰲʩ÷԰ȫĻظȻҴⶾġ
ѾһǵıƵѾ߶ǿҧʩ÷
԰ʩ÷һֱģʩ÷ӣıҪ˰ʩ÷ܾ裬ԱԼܵĿѡ
ڶ֮£ʩ÷ڵķ˷֮ʵʼʩ÷סģϧôԸ
һŮˣôԼӳ¼šڶ£ʩ÷¼ҸˣѺذҡ


 10 

ðүɨأֱðʩ÷
ʩ÷Լĸ͵ܵܣϧ֪Ǹôˡ
޵¸֮ʱ˾;û뵽̲ˡ
˱ܣǱϾѪŨˮ˱޸ڵķɽ
ɽԭֻĳҵĳȢ˰ʩ÷ʩ÷Ķܰ޽ܱӵʩ÷ļױ
ʩ÷Ҫɽϵ֮󣬱ᵽɽϣһܳ¼ңүӵԭ¡
һ֮ʩ÷㻳ˣ⺢ӱѩݡ
ԭİķǡñѩݴ꣬һμѩݵʱѾˡ
⼸갲ʩ÷ҸȥңѩҲˣŴŮȥүӻһ㡣
үӵûԭİķȴǿԼıúϲòˡڱӵķϣүӶ԰ʩ÷һֻ۱һֻۡ
ķѩС޲£÷ѩȷʵ׾ˣүӾŮһӡ
ÿȥԼĴϱúý̽㿴ԼĶôϲѩݣҲԸӰүӵķԸ
ϧνĶӻ򶴡ѩȻĥΪ֣ȴҲòȥ
죬ԭİķСպײѩݶһ˵ү֪ҶұֻǷ곡Ϸֻҵֻһˡ
ټһֱҲ֪ҶѾˣôܻұأ϶Ӧġ
үʲôʱҼװûȵѩ˵ꡣ
һʮϵҲȱûкȣҵѾ˵ҲȢ㡭
⣬ķ˶סˣҲ޷ܣӦޱȵķŭŭĳȥȥѩΪʲô
Сȴ˵ȥʲôãһԼֵȥ𣿡
˵С״̬Сô˷ѡ
ȥ֮ԭİķûͲˡ֮󣬱Сռ塣
û죬ʩ÷ְķȻˣԼŮѩݲģΪͲϲķ
ǣү˵ˣ͸˵Ҫ质ǣҵ˵ԼֻǸᣬΪǸ¥ĹŻꡣ
֮ǰеֶ¥ͷ̶ѾԻҲǽ̶ҲûзԣŻġ
ѩԼô԰˵ǣϳȥô࣬ô
үΣ¹ڳѩһߺ޵ľӣ͸ˡ
ѩݵʱ˷֮ʵ϶ܾܾ֪֮ӣȥҲǿԡ
ѩˣһŮӣϾһ̻㲻ϵ˵Ů뵱质ǵּҵϱֱڳ롣
ѩݿеүּСүƽСﱣʶʡѩǸ˵˵˵ˣøҲˡ
ѩݻǾݵĻɲϧˡ
һμʱƽٸ£˰ѵӼѩݲϣǿаѶ̥ҩȥȻ뿪ˡ
ѩݺˣҲҸ߱ˣһǻ⻯Ϊƽ־Թޡ
ȻƽҲû¼˷ѩݣ˳ҲǼල
Щ˶ˣѩݱոķһ飬ͻȻðķͦõġ
һ룬סæԼ׵ȥ
ʩ÷ֵͦģСʱÿǺŮȥķ档Ů֮ÿȥҪƲ֡
ôôҪ󵽰ȥʩ÷Ҳû̫࣬ŮȥźãԼͿңûǰ顣
͵ܵǲǹģչԼѾ߶ûУԼ͡
ֻ룬ڵķǸģû͵ܵܵİģʲôûС
ֻϣԼŮܸķɻ飬Լĸ簲޻һֱԼ
ʰʰ͵˰ңֻǰķȻѩݽķ䣬ȥ
ԺҪˣֵǻǰ͵ǿû
ķȷʵҲϡ壬ֻԭİķҪġ
һʼѩǷǳԸģϺõůԼϣůĿˡ
ķüΣѩݲˣԼôΪķǸõġһ壬߼Σǰ˰ķ
֮ѩݾûȥҡû뵽ֹˣķ֪Ƥô
ķѩݣ뵽ʱӦѾˡӺųȥˣȥԺһ·Ÿôúýѵһ¹ݡ
˹Ժǰķţתͷ룬ԼΪʲôҪŰ
쵰ȻүǸСү͵һȻֱӷǽ͵ˡ
ͷķֱߵΧǽһ䵽Ժպùݾ׽š
üΧǽһ㡣
ķǲµ뷨һĵС쵰ǲǾΧǽҪһ㰡ҸٸҲûãﻹûдүȥĵطȥ˵ġ
ݱ˵˼ҲգʵСһķƲƲû¾Ͳܹ𣿻дүұСһ
ݿһ۵˵Ҫ𣿡
ķŭתƻ⣡
ݿĹĵӣЦ㿴ôСһҴôǱҰ
С쵰ķţȥ΢ת
ķ߲ˣ˫ǣҲǸصģһ࣬ٴζķ
һһûãķ㲻ˣһƨϣﲻԹ⸱Լȡ
Լı壬ߡ޷ʹֻܷڣԱ֤岻
ݿķһۻӣԾе㲻˼ˡԼˣһСӼƽϡ
⺢ӣǰǸģʲôģҲ̫áһСһӡ
ѵԺԼ˼ΪҲԾӿ£ûȹݶ룬ķûһˣպ˵ݻ
˴ӱӵƵģķֽŲã˹ڹϡ
ùȻһ㣬ԭ꣬Ǻأǿ׳ģڻᱻķ˵
ķ˵ϣ˫ŻסݵĴȺ˷ܵС쵰㱻ү׽ˡҪ֪ŭүҵ³
û˵꣬ķʹȥ


 11 

˺üȭݾòԴУ˫ʹһưķ
һƣķʹסˡ
ۿŰķҪһƨˤˣݸϽѰķסվȣõˤˡ
ķ͸Լûû˵ġݾͲףԼôǵˡ
ţʳ˿ڡʻãһʰķըˣΪԺ󣬾Ȼǵ¡
Ժ󣿡ɻˣķæס͡һһķ߹ȥķæˡ
ķɰͰ͵˵ʲôô
üҲʲôԺܶʲô
ķ仰ʶֺˡȻ˵ԺԶ㣬ô
ݿ˵ӿʼڣڿҰɣ㿴㻹Լ
ķʶˣ䣬ͷӦˡ
ȷʵԼţȻ˵֪˵Щʲô
ʱݶŰķЦЦӸµĿŰķʵŶǸղ˭ǽģ
ݵʻķĴת֪˵Щʲôá
ҲûеشȻ˵ԺʲôţȷǸң
ķʱ򳹵ƻˣи̵ȻȷˣקøһģһһүƵġ
ݼķ˵Ҳֻ˵һ䣺𣿡˵ŻŰķ˻֡
ķ˹һȻ˵Ҹղ˵ˣ˵ǣƾʲôӵǽ⡣
û취ķܸܲ˵ԼԺȸ˫ްɡ
˵ԼšôԼҲǸޣԺȻһѹš˵ȥԼӶˣ֪ˣԼô죿
ٴЦЦȻصҲǸ˵ǲСĵġ
ƭˣǹġķ߷߲ƽĻص
Ҳûзϣֻ˼Ȼ˵ǸһǾǸǷΣ
ãɽķͷ
ͬʱѩݺװʩ÷аķڰҿţѾ߶˺üˡ
Ҳûķѩ̲סʵĸղŴֻû𣿡صѾ˵ģɸѾȥʰɡ
˵꣬תԼѾ߶ʾ⡣˷ԸķԺȥ
ûãˡȻ˵ˣүûķղиС˿үӺųȥˡ
ʱüǳ̫ˣȻǶŰʩ÷ѩ˵ʩ÷ҪȻȥɣϷѺȥǵǸ
ʹãɩڵȵȰɡ˵ͻءʩ÷
ǲʲô£˵һͻˡѩҲ˵
˵ҪɣɸȥҡȻٴתʾⶬȥҸСȥˡ
ȥҰķСˣһʾ֪ȥүôүĻʯͷȥҲǸ
ֻǶʯͷȥˣֻȥү
ʱ򣬰ķȤĿŹӹݿʼƾ͵ڣһֱͣͷ㡣
ݵӿʼһֱǺڵģķӶԼԽԽˡ
ǰԼĶԼ϶´βҴչȻܹӰķר
ȹ³һͣʱķѾڰߵϴ˯˯ȥİķģС˿ˮ
ûʱצС̰졣
ͻȻã￴һĻ֪ݾͿŰķ˳˼
û˵ķ۾˼£Ȼſ۾ķ۾Ȼ˸Ƿ
ķһݱӳ˼ѹ
ķһᶯðԾȥ˲졣
ѹİķ˵С쵰ˣ˾ȥҪԡ
ʵϲϾǰҲǸʿ
Χ˺ͺǮƣҲǿģϾҶԳݣǰҲԴ
ǲ֪ΪʲôķȴķСҪǣ;þӦģûʲôԣеʴӡ
Ҳûж룬Ͼĸоò԰ķըëƢðķȽϲ͡
òŮȽ㡣ţеݣԵӦûֵ㣬ȽԲԲӦúܿɰ
ݣķ
ôˣݻص
ķһүƵ˵ղŵĻ𣡡
ݺЦüƾʲôأȥؼҽԣҿûʲôдġ
οڲż㣬ĺءҪʰһԺӵء
ķĹĵĵ˹һۣȻ˵ٷϻȥҶӶˣ
øƽϣʱĴűصã˽еүү𣿴˽ؼң
ת԰ķ˵𣿡
ķʱͷˣԼ϶ΪѩǸŮˡ
ͲףԭİķǲϹģˣҲǸӿҲ
Լûлָʵʵú鷳Ǳⲻ˵ġ
ݿʵôˣǲǸƢˣ
ò˵ݻͦİķҲ֪ΪʲôͰķһʱ
Ͳαװʮ꣬ķԼҲ棬ദģʽúڡ
ȻҲпСûۣûвĲͬ
үүСˣˣҲ֪Լүô£˵͸Ժӵ˶ӹ֣ڻܸҵ
ղСŰķȥĶĳȥģߵſھ˴졣
ҲǺѰ£ϾȣҶڴſڵĴ
ǽĴرļرһЩӶҵۡ
ǵЩ˿С˺󣬷׷ֹͣ˵ʱ䰲һĳСе㺦£ǲԼʲô⣬û˵
ʶйƵģ漸˴Լҵ¶Ǹ˶۹⿴Сˡ
С˱ţͷƤҪˡҲǹЩʱȥҴү¡
û뿪ļһСǰкС˻˼䣬ȻǷпҴүСֻһʣû뵽ǾȻĿˡ
ǻ˵ۿҴү˼ҵǽԺ˸պš˵һỰ˾ʹ


 12 

С⣬˲˵Ͼ仰ͼҴҵԺȥĴбﲻסˣ̾:ӴúõһӶɵˡ
ķһͷͬɲǶɵôֻأСûˡ
Сһ·ܣûþ͵˹ݵԺûҵС
ڰķ֮ǰСｹҪԼү˼Ҹˡ
Ȱķ͹ݳ˱˵߳ʱС˶ˣԼүʲôʱô˵ˡ
СּѵԼүҪָǰǸǫǫ
ʵ֤С̫ˣⲻԴͱķһ¡
ķ͵ĶС˵:ʲôأС˷Ӧ:ү˽ؼңСڵأ
ķ:أ
ԣСһſүСþˡ
ķӲͷĵؾǲأ£ȶñүûκ
С˵СĿµľǰķķʼͷˣٶයææܻȥ
Уүֲ¹óԣķ
ΣСһҪ𡣡
ԣķֻըëèƵģ˭ҪⰡ
˵ܵˣ¹Ҫ׷
ݣ
ֲˡ
Ҳû̫࣬кܶ黹ûأû˼档
죬ҪѼʰãʱ˿ݡ
ԭǸ˾Ĺӣʮָմˮɲ֪ô
Ǻõ㣬ô֪ôһ£ȻҲûж־ˡ
ݵĳͷûУȵȥС
ݸҪţľ
֪Ҫȥͷ󣬰ľֽеϣҪȥ򣬴˰æģֻҪһǮͺãҪأֻûôÿ
Ժ֪ǸʲôǮٻǺõġ
ͷ֣ȥһˡݵ
٣ʲôͷͷС¡ľ
ľܵôĳ԰幫ͰӽһͲᳳˡ
ԣԽϲӣִĻ紾ӵĵط
ݻΪⰲ幫Ǹ˼ңû뵽ȴǸӽʮˡ
ҲǣʮҾͿʼ˼ңʮ궼ܱӣͣҲ
幫ǸʵӣΪҲ󷽣õϵļũߺͼӸݡ
ľԺô幫ĳͷɡ
ЦЦǲ
صԺӺ󣬰ľԸҪæ
νյ磬κᵽмŪһƬ۵ֶ˺üˮݡ
Խԭļ󣬹һֱΪӦǷǳģеˮݣ뷨ֹ̫ۡ
ʵҲ֣ȻԭľѾأֲŪҲ轣һҲˮֵĺܣ󲿷ֶԭ鵤ҩ
ʵʵĺߣԭʵһĻӡ
ԭôǱȹǾ߿˵Ҫǿ࣬ô˵׬ˣװʮꡣ
аľİæ칦˾ʹԺأǰ˿ȥ
ݵֻĹȻǲ֪˿ݣôеġ
һŴԸ㣬ӦҲ뵽㣬ѯʱϵİľ
˿ݰֻаүӼ֡ľ
ȻУҲʡ鷳ڴҲãǰүӼģ
ľһ۹ݣʵ˵ķܵ㣿
һɻŷӦ漴̲סЦⲻڿЦҺôһߣСһķһ޸֮ͨˣôܸҴҡ
ľһۣ૵ôܡ
ʵ˵Ҫ򣬰ľҪûݿɴ򲻹ķȻ˵Ķԡ
ĪǾùҪһ֣ʹݳҪ곤İķҪҪ׳ʵЩ
ۼľԽԽ֣Բ·ԽԽԶݳʵ㻹û˵үӼģ
ľĬȻ㶼ķôˣ֪ﰡ
޹Ĳ֪
ľǸĳģȻϲķˣ¹ݲԴŹȥһ˰ҡ
Ҹ˿ݵǰҵĹܼңܼ͸үӲ࣬Ϊ󷽣Ҷһүү
Ҫ˿ݣֿССܼͣĳԴŹȥæѡ


 13 

˿ǱȽϺһݣҪ󲻸ߣǴȫ԰󡭡
ܼһ·˿ݵķ涼ܸһ飬ľҲʱʱĴһԼľ顣
ľԼĽݵܣҸ˵ҪԸЩ˿ݵЩֲʦһ£˵רŵ鼮Խǵѧһ¡
һ·ݶţСͱȴãЩܹĿ
ѹͷԼļǰҪãһ·ϰܼ˵ǵá
һĶãһ߼ŰܼҺͰľ˵ĻһﰵպҪúûرһ
뵽⣬ҡͷЦЦԼģʱŽ׷Ƿ˼顣
ȻľͰܼ˶ͼرŰæģȴа˵ͼıر֮˵뷨
ʵ̫ˣڿɲִᣬǿΪǿʳûоʵģǲҪִĺá
˿ɲ̶֪ʱƮ뷨ȻǺĺĸݽ˿ݵ顣
״ﲻů⣬Ӧóڽ硣
ܼһѺЦǺǵСֵܸ֪ЩҪ˼ȥѽ
ľŲܼүүҶԶˣ㻹С
ķףľȷʵǸС˿ɶˡԭԭĸҲ͵͵ĸСˡ
뵽㣬ݾ붶һϲڵļƤڼȢʵǴ߻ۡ
ʵڼΪԽ֮ˣŮԵԽǵŮ˵Ӹһ飬һԪ˲˵ָ˸Ӵն֮·
Ժܶ߶Ϊ͵ʱ򣬾ͻ˫޴䣬󾡿ºӡ
ķܴӰ죬ҲССľͿʼס
һΪĹŴһСʮҪʼˣϸԭļ䣬˼޵ҪȻҪˡ
ʮС޶ףҲǵõǳʮĳܰϲ磬ŴĻĻʮӵġ
ֺܼǺǵٴǸСӡ
ôүүһľ
ԣݻعЦŵ٩֣ϲĹˣ
ľĴС䣬Լ̫εЦЦ
ֵܼÿЦҲ̲ס΢΢ǣͰܼҺĬһЦ
״ľŭٴûС
ۿҪݺͰܼ˸Կ˶ԷһۣæЦ⡣
ľɵΪĻ͵͵Сһߣϲôܽ͸ð
ܼͲ˵ˣǰⳡôãɫⷽļ¯࣬ȻǷְľС
ˡҲ۸Сӣװûп
ܿ˾ߵķҵڵء
ľǰķңһٶĶֲũֲʦ඼ķġ
ʱֻũæֲʦڼ
ǵҲֲ̫˿ݣͰľһʱ䣬԰ιҪĿٿá
Ӷũֲʦ̤̤ʵʵĸֲ˿ݣ԰ҵ˿ÿһõĳƶǷǳϲˣݺͰľֱܿӰΡ
˿ݽĺܣ̫ãݺͰľιͼҴݵԺȥ
ԶԶĹݾͿһվſǣʶ˲࣬ÿͲǰķСһ
Ȼûеȹ߽ķе:쵰ȥˣ
ķղʵûлذңżСڴϹΡ
ݼŰ˿ݸϣûӦͷǰߡ
ķһ˦ڿеӣװģ˼£ȹݺͰľ߽ɻףƲݸ԰ó𣿡
ľ˸ۣ밲ķСӹȻջӵģԼֵ˿ݶ֪ˡ
ǺЦҪ𣿡
ķҡҡͷ˭ҪԲݡ
ҳԿ״ֱӽȥ
ķһ㶼ֱӵסߵİľݺȥ
ľַ˸ۣдøķջӵļƽϡ
ֱߵڵأһͷְķҲȥŰɣҪЩ˿ϡ
ķûиɹҲæɻɵվſ˸ɻֱӻصаɣꡣ˵꣬ˡ
ľСֹǴүͷ
ķȻˣøľϻǴҡڵţʱʱһӣ˴үͷ
ľЦһ¡
ݣ
Ҳ֪С֮䷢ɶΪһˣòС֮顣


 14 

ٿ˿ݣҪȫȥҲͻһʱ㹻ˡ
Ҫ˿ݲ뿪̫ãȫԼֵģҪľæ
ЧʼߣûþͰٿ˿ݸȥ载ˮ
ۿľҪְææֲֹҪι̵СӣܴҪæ
æ֣ȥϢһ°ɣԼͺá
٣£ʹֵ飬ݵܲôҲû¡ľЦ
ݻ˵ʲôľֱߵˮǱߣҪæҲȥˡ
鶼æúҲ쵽Էʱ䣬ȻҪѰľԷ
ľҲǸŤˣһڴӦ
иķأ뵽ķƢݻǾȥкһ¡
⼸ദǰѰķ˽Ĳٰ࣬˶һᣬָСһҪˡ
ò˵ݵͦ˽ⰲķ˿̣ķȷʵȵĲͷҪٲķҪȥȥˡ
ȻݺͰľ˸ߵݡ
ķĵӴп˵⡣ѡԺǲһʵ
ûȹݻظľͻ˾䣺ݵܿû͡
ķһ٣߾ǿ͡
߲ߣǿʲô𡣡ľҲµﰲķǺȥ
ݣ
ҪٲСƺҪ
ݴϵСһҪԷ𣿡
ķ֪ΪʲôһҪըëˣתһȷʵû۾Ĵһ£װίôҪߡ
ݣ
ָ췢ֻǵһ£û˼ô׾ӵıݣΪ
ľɵӿɲ֪ķһװģ˵ķһװͦģ̲סЩ˻֪֮ͦ
ŵĿ˰ľһ⺢̫˰ɡ
ķŰľ˸۲˵˼
ľᵹװķ˼ҲûҲ˸۱ˡ
ֻǰһĻʶ˼ֱ͸ǰһƵһֻèһֻһ
뵽⣬̲סһЦȻЦܿѹȥûñ˸
󣬰ķڹ÷ˡ
극֮󣬰ľͻؼȥˣķ
ᰲķ͸๤ƵģڶŹϴ롣
ֲľͷţȻԸвʣʵл𣿡
ķȻŹݣʵѳ˼֪ƮȥˣȻǲע⵽˵ʲô
ݳ󣬰ķŻ˵ʲô
ҲʶķСһǶˣصûʲô
ķү˵ʲôǮƭӣҪƭү
ݣ
ô죬ϴɾһߣֵʲôأһ˼㱵ӡ
ķ۾Ĵһ£һӵûʲôʲô
üҲûʲôʡ
һʱ˶Ĭݲϴ꣬ķҲμ๤
ȹϴ֮󣬰ķȻǸ档
̲סû𣿡
ķҡҡͷû°
ΪԼߵ˼ͦԵģǰķɲ֮⡣
ֻٵ£
ķȻҡҡͷصҲûСȻŹݡ
ҪҪϰ߱º󣬹ݶ뷭ˡ
ķֱǱȽģǷӦ߰ĺû£Ͳ𡣡
ɲǣǺæĺðɣϣǷϵȻǡ
ݾͲף֮ǰСһﲻһӣô̶ʱֱ˸
Ҳû˼ȥ̽飬ҲûȤĿǰҪҪԼʵߡ
ķ֪Ȥģڹݺĥһᣬǻؼȥˡ
Ҳ֪ԼôģȰķĻؼȥˡԺ壬ֻһ˹¹µġ
ǰһ˹ôã룬˼ȥóԼǴԽˡ
ļӰ죬Ż˶ƸУϾԭСǱԴ˪ų󣬿ûж
߰һᣬ͵ϾãӰ顣
뷨֮Ժ󣬱ȥ
һߣķһȥͱ׸סˡ
öóʱ䣬ȥѹŻ
ķֱߵģתһ룬һ첻ѩСӵԸ񣬿϶
¶ûûˣķջԼ䷽Ľţת˸ȥ
Ͱķ˸̤ʩ÷ѩݷ׷״վԼͬ
硣
ѩԹ磬ȥ
ķһĮҹ
̲סڰСѵ
ķתһۣֲ˵岻⣬ֲˣοѩݵĸƵģ϶ֲݡ
ʵѩݸͲݣ෴óĵط⣬ȶˣ̬򷽣ֲȻôüʶ˵ү࿴
ҲְķΪһֻޣ˿϶вٲ룬ΪԽԽãཱུǵĻġ
ѩЦЦȻԹĸֱ磬ⶼҵĲǡ
ʩ÷֣ɩʲô飬ԼǣǾͱˡ
˵꣬ʩ÷͵͵ʾһѩݣѩᣬЦ磬˵԰ĺɻˡ
ķûѩߴߴģ˾ϣתߡ
ѩЦЦĸʧˡ
ЦЦȥɣʱ鲻̫ãൣЩ
ѩæĸҶ֪ģˡ
ķɲѩݸϣǵǰߡ
ѩҲ룬Ϊķʱ鲻ãԲŻûǰ
ܱû˺󣬰ķͣ£ѩ׷
ѩ׷ϺģϲƣɬĿŰķҪͳճյĿˡ
ڰķľͷƵģ飬ֻó磿
ǰķǨֻҪһɬӣĽĿŰķɣķԻġ
ڣڰķ֪ôˡ
ķЦһ£ɱұ磬ҿɲҪıá
ԣѩһɻȻɷףί磬Ҫҡ
ķƤЦⲻЦү
ѩŴһ˫ˮ۾ŵ硣
ķŭɱб磬ҿɵһ硣
֮ԻѩݿҲøһЩΡ
ķɲһѩݱ֮ģҪǴӦ˲ѩݶ֣ͽ˸ѩһ٣Ȼ
ķѩݣвԺԶ㣬ҪȻҿɾͰЩȥ
ѩݾʧɫæӦ˵ұ֤Ժ󲻻㡣
ķɲٸϻһ䣺ߣת뿪ˡ


 15 


ķ뿪ѩҲٶය°ķһģֱӰ˵ȥҪˡ
ڰķΪʲô֪飬ȥ֪Ҳ̽
Ϊص飬й¶ȥ
ѩһ뵽㣬һһףкµĲС
ķصԼ䣬ЬӶѣֱ˵Ϲ˺ü֡
뵽ղѩݵڹС쵰ǰ׳԰׺ȣ;ýķǳԲ
ΪʲôԲķѹ벻㣬ֻҪ֪鲻ˡ
󣬰ķѾһ˦ЬӸ˦Ȼΰ̯ڴϡ
һ۴ԶɽͷüûлԼɽͷˡ
ķԼĶӣһͣıҲüûгԶýʳˡ
뵽Լɽͷ黨ݣķҲסˣ˸ԪӤ
ķԪӤκ֪Ҫˡ
ֻϵҲάֲӣ϶ʬߡ
СҲǰķԪӤ̲סߺֱС
ߺߺߡ
СſڴԼǰĽסԼ۾ôܰ¸ˡ
˺һᣬķŽԼƤӻˣҲ޲˵ʵ
棬ķŴϵ壬ϧ˺һᣬʩ˸ջˡ
ȷһ֮󣬰ķ´ӴȥÿȥزУҪȻͱ˸ˡ

ṫԭؼԽ࣬ԽǶԽǶԭɸ֡
õһؼԭ˷ѣʼգԭһֱǴɴûȥʵѹ⺢һӾͱŪҵ
Ҫԭڿҿң̤̤ʵʵھԲֹĿǰؾ磬ʹͻҲǸӣһ֪ʹá
ҲȫԭԭԴ˪ҲкܴΣԼǸʿԼΪֱ˶ߡ
ΪԼܻסԼĶӣԭֱ̫Ǻ»ˣˤˡ
ţԭûбһλӵܣֻǷ˵㣬Ҳѵá
󲿷ֵĻˣŮСٶйΣҲ⣬軭һͼļôѹȥ
˺һᣬƽٴηһҳ
Ȼûиղǰ㼤黹ûǰҲû첻ټȥ
Ҳûб鼱ȥɴڷоؼ
ȹݷؼʱʱѾȥ˲٣ͷûǰҡ
üͷ󣬱վֽţû⵽ؼѹסӣվʱؼȻȥ
æȥؼ÷ֳϣ̫ԶⱾؼֱӻ˷ֳ
üͷֻԼ̫ùˣûȺأͻˡ
аһᣬָһ侲Ͼֲǲ޲
Ծݵзֳɸһؼ벿Ҳ̫ˡ
ǰ벿ֵؼŵϣݱϸĲ鿴һº벿ֵؼ
ܿͷ˺ֵ߲ĲͬķƤƺҪһЩȥ󣬹Ȼж
˰ذװѷƤƺ´ˣΪ滹Ǽ¼ؼֽţһŸƤһСϸƬƬܸɾʲôûС
˵ʵڹеʧԽЩˣ飬;ĻԵ
ݿϧһᣬ̾Լ̰ˣٻһΣѾˣʵڲ̫̰ġ
ƬصΣӦֻһͨƬǣ뻹ǰƬš
Ƭźú󣬹ͻȻ뵽ִеĴԽС˵ǴԽһռ䡣
ְƬóС˵ͷǶԭѪȻѪ͸պþͱʯ֮ĶգȻǾ͵һռ䡣
ϵذףԡ
ޱĿţȥһӶޱ仯ƬõĲǵľ籾ڻҵġ


 16 


ҹڴϷȥþò˯ΪĶͻȻ÷ǳ
Ǻɽһͷֻߵ鷢ֱǧ
óһʱĶ䱻Ÿָ
տʼΪƬԵʣǵƬԶȻ
ֻϸĻһԭļ䣬Ѽͷβ飬ҵصļ䡣
ԭԭǧֻտʼͱ׸õҩѹסԭǲ֪ġ
ԭ꣬һⲻԣŷԼĶ⡣һӶָ
ЩƵըԭߣһӸɵˣֱ˺ü춼ûл֮Ҳóʲôͳʲô
ⵤҩһһξͺˣԭ󣬱ɰһΣֱһΣֱڱһΡ
ҩԵ̫࣬ھͻеγɣö֮ʲôҩãҲԽԽ
Դ˪֮Գȥһԭ򣬾µµõĵҩԭе
ֻǰһڣҪԵҩӣֻûеҩԣֻš
ݱϾǸѾʮĴˣһĺǿ̫ࡣ
˴ҹѧοԼǧ
̾һ󣬹ⶼʲô°漴뵽ʵҲǵõһ¼ܡô˯þ
ա
ݻľͷʱŴڤվһյ˯ƣͱ㱻һɨ⡣
νǸıǮȻֻһ˳ԣһٷʢ緹Ūһ¡
Ա󣬹ݴеʯǮƣ㵽ȥһ
֮ǰΪ£ԹݶǼҴҵּּҴҵĻȥȫܲϺʹʲô
ҲżᵽڴӴӵĽ紦߽ʱľ񶼺һ֣ϵĿҲһЩ
ܵ𣬹ҪӴȥתһ룬˶ԶСɵ˾ֹĿǰ
ڴȴûаɼͷʵҲûж洦
ò˵ݷǳУȻûȫ¶ԣЩǶԵġ
ҲԭŴ£ֲļûⷽ顣
ʵסڴ˴󲿷ֶ߻ͨˣЩûκζãֻ˸оľЩö֮þͻɢ
ּԽŨĵطǿԽ࣬ӦǷҲ࣬׳ʧ꼰㣬һСľڷûжʵˣİȫĶš
һţ²Ҳûͣȥ
ʱͷѾһᣬչɹϵǲȡ
һ·Ҳתšķڴˣһ㺹ûУǸɸɾġ
Ҳ֪Ǹʲôӣϵ˱ǰҪһ롣
Ȥ˼ţһߺȲһߴϢ
ⷽʽӸӾܽʵǱԵ̬û뵽
вݵĻ˵ҲʲôܣþҪβɫע׻
磬ðǱȥʿлһӶӵ
ϵĽ¶ɶ漴̾˿ǵġҪҪͻ㣬ҵ״̬ҪһٶƷʯŹϵʯԶԶֻʮţֻȥˡ
ⲻǻʱǿȥɽݻ߲ʯ
ⱦҲֻܻһٶʯֻܻߣͨһٶƷʯʿֶҲʦæ죬Ӧò򡣡
Уɽ̫ˣܾڵĲɽһֺΣյĸо
磬ʵ̫ˣ˺üˣԼȫûиоǸǰһ
ȥɽˣԵߣŭ
硣ӿһΧſڵ磬С
ģҸղѾ˸ûʿֻߣһǸӣϢĺܡ
ݣ
֪Ϊʲôֱ˵ָ
ĵӾС˵ߵӰһ㲼󷨺󣬱˵ľΪҪûв֮ˣǾԲܸ֪ڵ顣
϶ûǿԭǧɲ򵥡
Ȼ˵ĻûͷûβǴе˲ϢʿпɽҲ֮ô࣬ķڿš
Ӧ۷ģϿһƷʯء
ԸӽһƷʯʿУֱһŽשСڽûǸ˹ƶһȥͲˡ
ݰһˣľ඼Ǿ֮֮࣬ˣǿԽύ
Ҳⳡ׻ܳɡ


 17 

繫Ըȷʵˡ
֮£˵ǲɣӿҲû뵽˳̫ڼҲûж̫̽
Ÿյֵıа˿漴һ˿顣ԼʹһҪﻤסԼǿġ
˵ʱʶһ飬ǿΪ磬ǿ߾ϰ΢
ʹѾƣǾıսľ
û뵽֮л˳ʱԺҲ¿룬Ϲ䡣
ķǳֵ֣ߵ£Ҳвڰ̯еԼҲ԰ժĲˣеǴɽժҰҲ˴
ݿĽζûġţһǰͣ£֪ʶǿɹֱģûж룬̧߽ȥ
ֻ벻ͬ滹ӻв֪
ݶЩûжȤ˼ۣܵĵط
ͦģΪĸ򣬼Ȼ굱ȻΪ浱ȻҲΪĸ鼮
Ȼûбʶݴ¿һ£ʿߣͨ˿ֵġ
ʿĶôֵ书ؼͨǱҪǿص鼮һЩӼǻ֮ġ
ݿһᣬֲĸͨˣ˵ʵڵģʵҲǳǣȻ֪ܶûжá
뵽ԼϵǮƣһԼû̫飬μǣйһЩף֮飬Ȼȥ˼ͼס
׼ʱлƵһЩ󷨵鼮ȻĬĬһ󷨺һ鼮
ȹݳʱѾʮ飬˿ǰ滹кóһξû߹ĽֵʧʧߣӦҪȥʱġ
ôණȻûٹ֣ʹشˡ
ݳֻص磬·ϣ־Ȼûһˡ룬Լֲֻʮ꣬еú¡
ͷճ֣ݾͱˡ
·߲ݴȻͻȻһʵĽеͻȻֹúܣݱŵʧ
˺һᣬŻָһͷѾеҵͷӦòʲô¼
ϸ£ˣһֻèڲҽУӦˡ
Ҫִ绰ﱣЭУڲҲա
̾˿ǲݴԣȥֻè
ݵĶ˲֪٣˺һṦҵֻèҪܣʹкĵ·˾Ҳֻèֻܵ
Ϊֻ˵èȻֻճè״̡
֮԰̹Ϊè̳࣬ĵèģҪèֻ̫࣬èࡣ
ϵ̥Ĥһֻϣ۾ҲǽıţͺߺߵĲҽУôϵû˿ڡ
ȻϹݾԼǾỴֻ̄Щܰס̵ĲҶ̱ؼȥ
˴뵽ԼԺûкʵĶιֻ̣ܵȥ
ǵл˼Ҽ˲Ӧûиɡ
ݱȥײײ̬û뵽Ըֻĸá
öѿֱ࣬Ӱֻĸһںûж롣
ݻ̲̣ǲõģ̳ԵÿɺݣǶˡ
̻ͷһԣǲ±ĸ֡
ݾϲǣĸΪҲԼĺӣĸϵ̥Ĥ˳㻹˸ȫࡣ
״˿Ҳˣûι⼸ֻ³ԱʳȥҸҲС
ҲһʱʱѹʲôûгԣȥԼ緹ӲС
극󣬹Ϣˡ
ӡֻҪԲݼɣֻɲ֪ʲôݣ˼ҵǸĵģ˵ˣҪȻҲֻһĨڡ
ķϵĵطҲгιĲݣֻŸհᵽ⣬ɲþڴֻԶ㵽ɽȥ

ףݵܣȵҰľ߽У߼ӿ첽׷Ϲݡ
󿴣ֻľܹ
ȰľߵǰЦŴ֡
Ҫȥɽľʵ
ݵͷҲľʣԼľ˵
ľЦô뵽һôһүͨ˲
漴üγԣ
ľԵɣЦĽ͵Ҹղżֻճ̵̣ĸײ֪٣ܲŶӰɣֻֻĸ򡣡
ԭˣһֱֻ򣿡ľʡ
ҡͷȻᣬ̿Խ˾ӦҲŻɽȥ
ľ޵ݵơ
ЦЦҡҡͷ
ľɽΪ˴ԵģϹȻһԣȻǴӦˡ
йǧĸ˽տ׽˲
Щ˼Ǯ׽˻ҪԼԹ׽һֻҰ׽ֻӾˣһҰˣûá
ľǱԵҪһЩҲҰҰãǻ׽ģȻġ
ЩҰҰûģֵĲУݶ䱻ֱֻۣԶȺֵԶ㡣
֣Ҫɽɣ㿴ǼֻڣҪˣһҪȥݣܲǸҺ棬һ˰ɡݵ
ľǺðɣңҰȴȥ
ֱӾܾãֲǸܶ࣬ҿҰæüֻء
Ȼ˵òҲ֪ľ϶ǲҪæġ
ȻľҡҡͷܾãԼͿ԰Ǵߡ
룬ҲȷʵҪæһֵˡ
ݵͷע㰡
ľЦŵͷתɽ·ȥˡ
ľԶ󣬼ȷʵܴȺúöɽ
ݲżֻŤϲӵɽϪˮȥ򳣳ԵĲݣҲɽеĲҪЩ
ȹݸòݻصԺʱԶԶͿ˸ԱŶԷվǴſ
˸յԺſʱ֪˭ˣͰľͰķˣǧĸ˸տʼʱĳܡ
ſֵ飬һ㶼û͵Σ˵ĳܹһֲȫˡ
ºаһֻðľʵӣǲײǽ֪ͷ
ڰķðľ˵Ҳԣʥ鶼ι˹ڵĴүүģüͷֱ
⼸ʮǵһķˣǰиķһ˵ģǰҲЩˣײ˺
ңķþ㣬зʵ̫ս
ҡҡͷ룬ʱԼԴˣӦǽòǡ


 18 


߽ʱľǳĴк
ķͷбһۣһݻƼһ˿ϲá
ݲףķôôéܣѵϰˣҲǲܡ
ḷ̌ķǲ֪ҲûʣֻҲǻӭģȻ¹µһˣʵ˵еͦįġ
ִԳȥߣûǿĺܣֻʵʵš
ķһȥֱĸǣµ˵ֻ̡
ݺͰľں棬ԹһСһﲻӦô֪İɡ
ô֪ģʵ
ȻǸ֪ģһֻǷ̣綦ʮ֮һƻ𱪣ƻʱɲ֪ԼеϢ
ЩȻܸ߹ݣķһת˴ģȻ֪ˡ
˵꣬ķһᣬС쵰Ҳ֪ʲô޶ܼ񵽡
ҪǸĻ˳ԣϵΪ϶ָܻ߰˰ˡ
ݿһۣȻǲĹһֱҶӰţĸʱҲûж˵ʲô·ĴҲʡ
ԣķȫѡ
һ뵽˼תתж԰ķһɨյĲģѰķΪΣ
ûв𴩰ķĻѻЦЦ
ҪǣϤݵˣʱ϶֪ԼĻѻѱʶˡ
ǰķֲ֪ˣΪһֻޣûЩҲѧῴɫ¡
ɫ糣ĵͷǰ
һֻƻ𱪣ķһӽ͸֪Σգܵĸء
ϧһֻճọ̃۾ûû˿ĵֿ
ķ۷ŹİϣԹݵС쵰Ұɣ
˹ֲ֣Ҫǿ򡣡ľߣ
ķصʲô£
¹ΪָܻܲҲװͨˣϵɢ׺ݵĶŰľ
ľûмķӣһӱסˡ
һ漴ָСһȻ򵥣ֻҲʲô̡ͨ
֪Σգֱ̱ܵУֻھС
ֲʯĳ̣ܰȷ𣿡
ķҡҡͷǳŵĵ
һ£ֿһ۰ķе̵Ҫǲأ
ķЦҾܾ漴мƻҪľ͹һ١


 19 


ͷۣķӣҪǲưķҪ˺Ƥֱǿġ
ء
Ҳ֪ǲ֪ԼˣеԽҡ
ʱľһְ׽ķ㻹ǲ˰ţ̾ҪŪˡ
һ£ľСİ̻ݣŽžļ:ѵȥרŪ˵Ҫ⣡
룬ΪһֻޣķһתƿԲ֪˵ʲô
ΪһֻޣҲҪġ
Ȼ֪˵ʲô֪ѹˡԽڣɫױˡ
ݰһ»̣԰ķǸҲһ¿꣬޿Եֻ̣ҲԵ֡
ûȹݼ˵ȥķ̲סһ˦ӣŭŴϵߣͲүϡ˵꣬תܵˡ
Ǹ֪ķ뿪Լȫˣƻ̿ʼڹݻֻð̷Żĸߡ
ľͷ޴˰ɡ
̾˿֪ľ⺢Ӧȱ˲ֹһġ
ǲԣɫһƽûϵҲĲԣ
ԣľͷ޵ݵܣ˵
ЦЦʵˡ
ľСװͷȻŹݺúõ²һķǱ̫ˣѰķ֮ǰ¼
һֲŰľԽ࣬ԽðķСһЩ졣˵һղڻ˸ĵĿȫǲǡ
˼һᣬľ̽𰲼ҵľҲûж룬˵˲ٰҵ顣
ݰҼ˶ˣûйʧˣҲûйǰ仯ܴˣ˵ûоŴ෽ļ
԰ķСһ᲻һоѾˡ
ԽԽпܣϾǿɶġ漴ַܣ֮һʿԪӤΪ
ԭļ޵𵤾˶ûУ˵ԪӤˡ
ңķҲԪӤʿһʿ絽˽𵤣ķͻῪʼѹƣʿֻҰ취뿪С磬Ҫ
һܾǸһĳֻԵߴԽԱȽϴ
ľ˵ЩԼָ֪һƻ̾ͻؼȥˡ

ķӹԺ߳󣬾ֱԼķ䣬еĻǲǡ
˵Ĵ֮ӴָóɽͷժһһŷйԼ
ҪǿļƣΪг
ʮȭͷСӺ󣬰ķ̾˿
漴ĺһüŸݳģֻԼĺι˹
ķڻǵƻ̡
ԭķʬŪ֮ԪӤصɽͷϵıС
䵽Ƶط֮ǰˣ䵽ʱֱķѹš
﷨ѹţû鵤ҩŵرڶüǧˣ˲Żָһɡ
⼸ǧʵһֱڶɽͷˣʮɽͷ
ıضãֻԪӤ̬ܳԪӤɲε̫á
˸취Ǿ֮ˣԸóǵ壬ͼǵϡ
ȻõķǶᣬȲ˵ķĴҲûйڶݣԾǷҲᡣ
̫ˣһң˽ʮҵһʵģǰҵİķ
˵һһԵֵԵֲǳǶаķ˵Ӿ˳༸һֻһЩһЩҲر
ռҵİķʱͻԼǻĴܲĸף浽黨ǲݸ顣
Ȼʱع֮ط󣬷ȷʵûһѪԵϵ
û˰Ұķ壬һʱҲʵ壬ֻԼı塣
Ѿϰɽ»Ƶأû˼ٴԼɽͷϷùժ˲ɽͷϵͻذˡ


 20 

ھֻʱѾӣΪֻ̣Ӳٻ
̺ԵĺȵģиΣϴ֮ࡣȴû뵽ܸӲ鷳
ϰ԰һԼüͷ鷳ʱһƣ͵ķʽö֮һϰߡ
еķҲףûǿǱⲻƵ鷳ǻ¡
һ£飬ݶţȻͷûУҲ֮
ưķСһҲ
ء
ݻĵطȥֻֻСѹ£֫ϣƴκѲá
æȥһѣȥûбķ׽ȥˣȱѹ
ڹߵ̱ϣʱͻȻһ㶯á
Ȼ·֮ߵĲһᣬһƻӴߵǰ
໡̵ͻȻߣﻹίϸһ˿Թ֫ƴϵֻСᡣ
龰ǺˬʴЦЦЪ˲ŵҶˡ
ԣԴһƬհס
̽еøίˣҲ֪ζģһ̾ͱϡ
Ǹ֪ȫģ˼£ûѺ󣬱ֱӺ˯ȥˡ
һֻ֣ĵһ̶ͷ󣬱̱
Ȼ󣬺תݣ㱧Ҷ
⻰֪ӲѾ֪ˡ
繫֪ǰ㣬Ǻȷʵ֪ġ
ˣ׼ȷ˵Ӵӹȥ̱һ̣֪ˣ淢Ҳ֪
ԭӲСˣǴ˵еĵĴˡ
ΪĳЩԭ򣬺ӲܰԼ̷ߣ͵
򵥵˸ƣһܸ֪ǲģɴһ˿ʶ棬ʱ̿Լ̡
ڵͦҵģʵû뵽СȻˣܹĽĽƣһİ̸
ҪѲûдӹϲΣգȻڹݱǿ̣ƴҲҪ̱
Ӱѹݸͷβһ˼һٴεҲҶľˣ°ɡ
Ӹ˵꣬ݾͼԼͷ˸һö塣
ݸܾѾ߷ɹ
ѾͷѪ׼ֻоͷһʧˣ̲סɻǱ߿ȥ
ֻ֪һߣСĴҲȫĽ͵һöӿռ䣬ֻҪĬɽ
æлüЦ
֪Ϊʲôȴһ˿⡣
ݴӺ˵̵ľʱ֪ղŵ飬ӱض˽⡣
Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ķ̵Ķ⡣£ǸԹ֮ˣȻԱȻҲҪ
뵽ķղŶ̵Ķ⣬ݲ˼ĵǰûҶһ٣Ķӱ㲻֣ܺûйң˵Ǵ£Ҫ֮
ݵ֮ǳԣúӣҪȥҰķ鷳оúջǽӿռ䡣
Ȼ˼üͷЦЦ㵹Ǹ֮ˣҶö˶˵ģҲ鷳ͳȥĶûջһ˵
Ӹ˵꣬ʧˣԶԶĴһԵ
ԣһ㷢ԼϿԶˡ


 21 

ʱҲǸͨ꣬ڴ󲿷ֶͨһʱҲС˵
ҲԼܳΪеˣڽƮ֡
ΪڸС˵ռ䣬ʱҪõһö
ûдԽ֮ǰһ°Σû뵽Ȼʵ
׳Ѿãϰ治ɫҪԭʹضֱֵQ
콵ϲ£ݻ̲סһǣ¶һϲõЦݡ
һԼķȥһźȲĬ
һ̣˾ʹӿռʧ
һռ䣬ݵľΪ֮һǳŨ
ĲͬΪռһʽʽڣû뵽Ȼһɽʽڡ
ֻǡ
ݴԽǰͲԽļøӺá
һɽ֮󣬹ݷɽĪϤɽȻǴӺɽࡣ
ԽԽͻȻһͷǺӲɽŲռɡ
ֱԽԽġǴɽģֻҪȥһɽڲڼɡ
ݱ뷨ȫ벻ԼֻҪ˿ռ䣬Ժ濴ɽڲڣ֪ɽǲɽˡ
ݸɽߣһ̣֮ǰɽͷ
˺óһᣬŴӻعһûκα仯󣬹ݱ̧߳ɽ
ɽ󣬹ϸһΧɽĵģΨһᶯĻƾһˡ
繫룬һޣǸĴޡ
öռǰƵģǲܷκλģĽȥҲֻܴܷ
һʼʵȥҰķ鷳ҵķʱְķȻˣǸһǸޣСһ¡
׼ʱɽΪһɽٷĴޣȻǷɽǼһƷ
ںڵĴŽƷƷûһģôһԵȻΪС
ֻǵյʱŷƷȻѾ˴󲿷֣Ʒ硣
ΪһʦԼҪõļƷ
ȻˣҲѵֵĶŻȥãˡ
ȻɽģɽͷȻްռģҪֵޡ
ڱܰƷŻȥ
뵽ʶ֮£˲뵽֮ͷ޵Ķ͸ݡ
һ룬˳Ҳ¡
ֻҪǰƷֱӸݣǿ϶ᱻķͷ˵СûС
ӱƷԼƵĿռȥһķͷԲᷢ֡
ȻǲռεģҲȥڿռͷ
ĬһҪɽһ˹Ȼɽϡ
ݿǰ˳˼û뵽ɽȻסġ
һ沼õʮݻֻĶŵرңֱʯڵϡһѶѵʯһڵϡ
иָҲɢڵϣֱһ
Ȼݶ⡣
ݵûȥЩȥ滹һš


 22 

һԺӣԺǰֻݡ
ϸһ£Ȼȫ黨ݣٹȥһĸۡ
ݶϻɽһֲֲ滹ŲɫĺϺɫ
м黨ݣݴŵţӳһ޴ëѣռĴ󲿷ֿռ䣬ʣµĵطǲʯ
ʯŸִСУһЩʶġ
⣬ݰǺӲǰԼǰӸɡ
Σ滹Ƿǳġ
ָһƽȥˣϾռҲͦˣһʱҲꡣ
ͬʱ
ˣҲڷִӺɽɽûˡ
߳Ժʱִӵ˴󲿷֣ԺӺɽǾһ
󲿷˶ھ̾ȻۣΪɽôϢľûˡ
ָɽҲϢľͽ⣬ڲ˾ͲˣɽҲûãռط
˵˵ȥƵĻɼﲢǱƽ
ҲЩ˷ǳ侲ϵţǲһ־ʾѡ
ȻҲֹ۵ıʾɽûҲãʡСӺͲ˽ɽ˲Сȥز
˻һҶʾͬȺ˻û뿪
һ֮󣬹ݾͲ֪ôһ£ùֵġ
ôϢܿӶ֪ˡ
ķԼԺȾƣϢһھˮ˳
ԣķվקС˵죬˵ʲôɽûˣ
СŵĿİظһ顣
ķһţƿСȥ
Сһ°ķʲô£æˣȻԼ׷ȥ
쵽ſʱԼɽͷǺɽߵɽͷֻҪǷ򿴹ȥ֪ɽͷڲڡ
໣ĸ˵˱үɽͷ
ķ˺һŷӦȻ˳ȥ
ɽ󣬰ķһƬƽأſʼԼûˡ
Ӧ󣬰ķļֱҪѪȻû³ǰһ˹ȥ
ү׷ŰķļˣæסҪصİķ
ҴүιȥˣȺ˵
ľպվڰķԶĵط״ȥҪϢ߹ݡ


 23 

ľߵԺǰһԼԴ
ǣҪϢݵܣݵûиϵ
һ룬ľתߡ
ϷԭԴǿ󣬹ݾʶĿʼΪԼãһƵԽԽá
ѡԳеרעҪģʱԼԺܱߡ
˽ӽܵһʱ֪һȷԼİȫ
ԣľ߹ʱ֪˿ˡȻһ·ľ֪ǰľ
ߵҲûж룬Ҳû˼ȥһ̽
˵ڶ죬ݻ֪˰ķε飬˸죬֪ġ
ϢݵһʱȥҿȵߵԼǰʶԼӦ̫ˡ
ķʶأͼҴҵܵңﲻƣܲþŰɡ
ݻصԺԺʯϡ滹е㵣ǣȻ̲סȥ͵ҵ
һᣬûʲôϢҲʧһֱš
ֱķ˵ˣ̲סһСһû¡
һݲŷԼĽŶе飬ϱͷɹֱ̣ɼѾʱ䡣
˫Żָ߻
º󣬸Լһˮһں̲סһԼüͷ̾һ
ʱ鸴ӣǻϲǳ
ϲǣ֮ǰΪԼϲκˡֻڣ֪ķε֮ıܱ֣֪ԼǶ԰ķˣϲϰķ
ǣθҪչȥɲһѣֱ졣
ݻ찲ķ̬ȣ־еϣġ
ͬԼĹݣǸӵġ
ķķˣһֱԼɽͷøֶ񶾵ԣǸϢ͵Լѵĵ
ǣٴ͵ķ˵Ĺݣ֪ԼյĿռ䣬Ǻӵģʳ¯˵ġ
һֱܸߣǺӵı֣ܿͨ˺ΪԵɡ
Ƕ룬ʵҲǰѰķļױյˣԭҲûа취ɲ֪ô
ҹǺҲֽţƾ㰲ķҲ
ò˵ݻǲ¶ˡںӵĲ֮£ǰƷѾϹǹȻƷᱩ¶
ⶫ֮ܳƵΪƷҲΪǳǿ
󣬳Ҫʵǿ֮ˣȻײᱻ˲
εЦЦúúò߻һ£ô˸׷ֲС
һߣķǰڴϡ
ʵƷҲǰķģ֪Ǽʿ
ǽ׻ŵǻĳܿ䣬һǳꡣԣʵķڻֻС̡
ǧǰķѾԪӤΪڵĵط𵤶繷ԪӤߡ
ԣһֱǰֵַĴԼȺ档
ķľûˣǸŵģȺȺһֱòôãΪ̫СǱ۸
һΣķܲˣʹȺ˳Ȼɽ
֮Ͱռɽ
ɽȺȺɽԶһң˼֮󣬾ͱЩ۸׻ˡ
֮󣬰ķ͸ǴڵҲΪʱܵģǼͷ׻뿪
ιȥˣٴѹʱͷѾԼĵطǵͼС硣
ķӦһǰ飬ֻԼرңһʱڴĬĬᡣ
ʱʯͷŽүǸйݵſڣ㣬үҪ𣿡
ķϽһԼᣬӵأʯͷƲ
ݰԣֱӶʯͷ˵
ݸսպķĻֻԼǱĿڲһֱǳʦ
ղţͨԼ԰ķĸסˡ
ִʱһ˵ʱǴġ
ʱ򣬲ȥķǰûһ¸飬ֱ˷ѡҲʵڵСһȥһ
Բǲʦܵˡ
ʵǺƣڹ˵Լͱ뵽ȥˡ
Ȼôǵøһ°ķԵʯͷȥѯʺ󣬹ݾš
ʱպˣѾ֪ΪζѵӡǳģŹݽȥ
ԣ㲻˼Ŀ˹һۣûɫ糣һЦ㿴Цˡ
æҡҡͷˣˡ


 24 

ķǸҪģ޲Ҹ˶ĵط
ĿһֻޣɲһҸ꣬öඪһԸ֣Ƕඪ˰ɡ
ķһԼ̬֣ҪԱʾˣ͵ԼǸˡ֮ҪԱҰͰԼޡ
ˣɲ̶֪ʱڣķôࡣ
Ǹ簮ԸӵĴĸͬʱǸ֪֮ˡ
ûԸ׵ǸԼԴķݵǸ
С磬鲻ãƢɲҪƽϡ
Ȼܰ·ϣˣ£ҲҵĲǣŵˡ
˵󣬰ķֲӣȻˡ
ȻԼڹݽȻĸ͵֪ŵүͺãˣɡ
ӣô۰ԼӣҲʵ̫ˡű˺Ǳ˵Ĵɡ
Ȼ㵽ǸзִģûеŹݵȥѵԸӣǻվſء
ָݵ˸ǸȻѹݴķȥ
㱾úȰ˵һ°ķ˵үҪ
֪Ӻ͹˲ǹϵǳõӣҪҲ˵
ķúôͣ뿪ˣʯͷȥ
ߺ󣬹ݼſһ°ķھǸʲôûаֲ˼ֱߵķߣÿӡ
ķỹûᣬ۾ء
ɴ۾ڵ
ȻǷ˰ķǿ޹ģ֪ķǸҪģװ֪Դᣬ㰡
ߣʲôãֻӱҲࡣķ
ݳҪһ°ķҲŰ¸ɲ밲ķӦ뿪ȥȥ
ĿǰռʱðķһϢķ֪Ҫðķ֪Ǵڽ
ݲ˵ķҲڣôƻڱصá
ѶûˣܷŹֻ̡뵽㣬ԱϵĹݵʶ㣬
ݻعϵǲܵˡ
ķһըˣȥŹݵĲӵҪ


 25 

üҰ˵˵𣿡
ķһװִӹݲȻ߷߲ƽ㻹ʲôý
ô϶Ҫ̸׽
ݿ˼£ҵȻлŲţ˵Ķġ
֮ǰݾѾ˼ôôðķ֪Ǻӣű˼Ҹˡ
Ȼת͸飬Ͳðķ֪
Ľһ顣ڽ֮ǰͲµķķӦ϶ǲš
Ȼϣķ˵꣬͵˵ģһֶš
ҲɥķǸʲôֲǲ
ҪҪ췢ģš
ߡķﵽһЩȥҿ繫˵ԺӦûкϵϢ
ݲ⣬ӻ𣿡
ԣķүֲǿˡ
ķӣҲµķҪȥǲԡ
ߵԺſʱ߽ȥķ͸ܵǹѹ
ǺҲǸǳģ°ķٹҹݵ鷳ķһơֻҪķߵԺӣǽƾͻᱻ
ԣķһȥͱһȥڹۼֿû˦ȥúܣŪôһһѪ˳
ݱŰķǵǵôˡ˵ķǵѪķʹ˺ѷΣﻹܸӦ
ݵòӦżֻ˴ԼķţȻȥ˰æ
ķֻ̰ڹݵĻݰԼԺһʹҪһΣҪ
ӵûҪķС˼ֻѵһˡֻǣأǵƾѹյһݡ
˳İ˸ԼķСİѰķŵ֮󣬱԰ķȥҴ򡣡
ķסҡҡͷûõġ˱÷ƵĵҩմȻûɣҲûмû
ҪɽͷڣԱסԼһССǵʯЩʯ·򲻵ѣǲᶯǡ
֪нգͰЩʯȫˣǶɽͷù
ʵķյʱҪùǶʯ˾ָܹ١ǧ꣬ȫԻָ
ֻǣҪǻָˣطԻ֣ķݲԪӤΪʿ
Ҫǰ㣬ΪҪɽΪɱһʱ䣬ͼСĵطߡ
ʿǳ٣ʮǧų˺ôһޡ
ԣķľҲǶԵģһΪ;Բȫָǧǰǻûҵؼҵķӡ
ҵ˻ȥķˣϧھͿûˡ
ķһʱ³һѪȻҲ̲סʪ⣬ڱ໴ޡ
ݰ˰ǳסӵĳ嶯֮ǰǸ˵ǺӸҲٵı㿴ʲôõġ
һʱ䣬֮ǰ鶼߰ķ̻ȥˣʵ˵ڡ
ķ۾˲һ£Ҫܻ˭̧ͷݣǻ쵰˸ʲôûмƷʯ֮ࡣ
һ죬ʯеģ֪ǲǼƷʯԭֻƷʯûмƷʯҲ֪Щʯġ
㿴ûҪġ˵꣬ͳöʯ
ҹԼӰӾС˵ֻҪĬԼҪóĶ˲óȻҲһ£Ҳ
ķһĨȥùʯƷƷġ
ԣһȻмĬó˴ʯһ̷Ͷһѵʯ
ջȥôʯᱻ˷ֵġķż˵꣬漴һѻʯֻʮö档
ķ۰Ͱͣί㲻á
üңҿȫ㡣˵ʵǣһ
ķɲ֪ǰˣĻ졣⻰ղŵļһɨ⣬һŭ,ߣүŲ¡֪ԼܻܲҪǰ֮ˣҰѻ˵
ݻϲ˵ģʯǰķģ᲻ðķܿ࣬㲻ڰķ
һ£ʧҲָˣ˵£ҪûҴ̻ͲᱻƣҰʯ㣬֮仮òá
ķԥĴӦ£֮۾ĴҿҲǲ֪ȫûбҪܵȫԼǵġ
ֻܻ˭뵽⣬ֿ򴲱ߵĹݣ:Լ˵Ŷҿûб㡣
Цҡҡͷû˵ƵģԸġ
ԣķĿŹݣ֣صãʶķϣС쵰Ժ󱾴ү㡣


 26 

Էһݰеʯ˰ķܿ죬ķͰеʯˡ
һֱڰķϣķۺһ˿ôõ𣿡
ķͷ˫۷Źöˡ˵ţӴӵҶӶˡ
ݣôСһڰСܡ
ݻȥŪԵġﻹһЩҰˣķڻҰࡣ
ķȵ֮󣬹ݾͷȥˡ

գԼҲ˵żӣЩϹ߲ˡʱҴš
ǰѰķذ֮󣬵ҹﰲķͱȥسȥˣľ⼸Ҳȥѧãк澿˭
ţܿߵſǣŵ˿š
һţͼһߴӣŰѴ󵶡Ӻү
ɻĿԭûмˡǿݵĲ⣬ӵүɷȽ
ƿţȽɡ߽šûеתһﵹصæתֻѾڵϡ
ŵϵӣֻͷۡ
ӺܿѹһжҲһ²⣬Ӧǹ︮ˡ
˾ڿͷϣϵӣӵ
ԭǵ¹֮ˣиꡣ
үȫˡ
ʲôݾȵָ֪︮ˡ︮һңֵ˵жߵΪ
ӻΪݲţ˵ȥ
˵⹫֮︮ôһ⣬ȫȡġǼֵߵ壬˼ҸһѶˡ
Ϊ£ӹһ١Сͱ˼Ҹ︮£Ϊ㰲Źר˵ĵط
ֱѧɣű︮¡ľʵֻ㣬ʵֻܰæһЩӣûе︮ȥ
Ȼø߸׳׳ģ̤ʵɿʵ˵ûʲô˼
ΪСͱ︮º֮ûҵһŵĵطһӹһٵˣܵˡ
Ͽûʲôʯ֮ǰȫ˹ݡ
Ҳ֪︮˲ڽͷ˼뵽˹ݡȻ󣬽ϣ
үЩ˲鷳ġ
Щ뿪ǰʳȥˡ
ЦЦȻ֪Щ˲鷳ҪЩҪ鷳ĻšϾĴһ£ҵһ׵顣
ųЩˣתҪ鷳
뵽㣬ݶٸвáڿС;͸ˡ
ȻˣһʱᣬʲôҲΪ
ô˵ҲǾһڸҪ̺ʱ򣬹ݹϾܾûôûģþ˼̺
һһ죬Ȼ۰Ͱ͵ĿŹݣүһŬȡ˵ű´
ۿҪϣݼæֹ򣡡
һסˣ¹ƣȻүߡ
ݰһԼüͷ֪ˡڸӦõġ
СǱˣ˴һС
¹ĿȫģҪӦʧϧ
Ȼһʱ䣬ֽԭļ䡣ֻǰԭľǰ㣬ȫûиͬܡ
֮ǰĹӦðѸ깩Ϊôܰ˼ҵء
ݲҵͷԳɫҲ֪ܿ͡Լ뷨Ϊʲô᲻̫ͬ
ͨ󣬹˼һҲҪߵ˼
ԣһǾͺãİɴүҿ϶úŬôү
ԣʣûΪõ˼ɡ
ݿûǸղŸſڿˤһӣˣǲȥҴ
үáæֹ
ݲĿǺţջСǶġ
ݣԶسǵİķ˵ǸҶҲֱҲ׳˵ˡ
ס
һ꣬ݵͦġ룬ڲһ˴ôһӡƽŸԴ
һ㣬˸ιУڲһֻĻӡ
գ𴲺չﾲŵ緹
ס֮󡣱Ը£Ҫһ¡
Ȼǲ޳ɵģǶһ˵޾Ϳ޵ˣﷴԵĻֻߣûгȥ
û뵽ʵһɱ֣㱻
˵깫ݾ;øЦҲ֪ǲ˲ʶǻ˸طԵʡ
ǳ׵ķŷңһʲô˵޾Ϳޡ˶ԴʱݲС˵۾գһ¡
ֳɱȫģݽ˼֮󣬾ЪˣȽϺá
ܿ죬ݾŪһҪԵķϣֻҪһ¾ͺá
ûʱҲôྫЩϣеҪԼ
ڣǲ˵߹˿ݣ¡һݵڳʱ
֮ǰ˵ҪúʵҲֻ˵˵ѡʹ㱡ٽһ
ݵǲϾԭֻһߡ
ڸ֪꣬ģû㡣һǰͻ㣬ҪͻĲأ
ݸãܵ˷˷һȥ
Ҳϴ֣Ÿں档
סµʱ˵ʲôҲԸһϳԡᣬϰˡ
겻ϰ˸һԷڷϣҲҸ˵
ⲻ뵽ԼյļƻүԺӿͺͺģȥЩѻ֡
ݵͷԣֻܻ𣿡˵꣬ŷӦֲʵûм֣֮ʲôʱֲǿԵģЩׯǿء
ݵׯ֮ĶǿΪԵʡ
үϴֵģ֮ǰûйӵʱ򣬾ǵֲʦ̺黨ݣͷҿ϶ֻ
ݲĿһۣȻЩɡ
үЩ˿ô죬ǻмͿ԰ˡ
оȣ˿»һ°ɡľ˵˿Ҫ㳤áֲʦͦġ
ʵˡûô̺ٿ˿ݣôһ㣬Ȼܴķǳ졣
ǾͰˣȥɡݵһᣬһڷֵɴɣôһҲֲʲô
᲻̫˷ˡû˵˭ûкׯڡ
Ϊֲֵ֮øáֲṩֲڳɳʱյֻᷴ
ҡͷ:ûϵְɣµͨ
ԣ۾һүƣ
˷ܵģݲôˣƺ𣿡ԭԾƣûʲô
ͷŵǺʦġ
ЦЦ˵˵
æ˵Եɣԭûз͵ľҪֻܸ鼮ϼصķ
ͳƲǸ˾ġһ˸ϷȥƣܳһɹǶǷ
⣬ݾ£Ƿǳ󡣡
ǵðķȾƺˮݵǲ֪ķȵʵľơ
ϼپƷǳ࣬һֵҩԷζֻҪֵҩˮʮ꣬ŪĶԼ棬ö֮Ҳɾơ
ȻǼٵģҲֻζ÷JҲͰķϲȣȣҶСɡ
ͷǿɲǣͨľƶʯЩơ
겻˼ĵҶû˵˵꣬ĽҪƣһӾͷ˰ɡ
ЦЦǲִ֪ķӣܲˡ
һǳ򵥵ķӣԿܲݵ
Ƶ鼮֮ǰѾˣһǷĲ裬ͷˣտ˸ͷͷһȥˡ
ͷ֮˼ͷԷԺúϴȻǸµġ
صš
գҪŵģšռһˣúõʰһ档
ڷԼĴ˼㱣ôˡķСһȻûл
˵ʵڵģе밲ķ
ݾľһһֱŵŴӸ˼Уع
һתۼ˿ռ
ڵĿռǰȫûа취ȣ͵ֲȫɽͺͺģûһŵĶܳõĴ档
ǹҲ֣Լ泬һʱ󣬱ܡҺã⵹ûʲô֢֮ࡣ
ɽĻ̾һ
֮󣬹ݱĬ
ֻЩɿݵľķһήĲҲɺüһߡ
ŪЩ֮󣬹ݾɽϵķȥ ĶûжӰ죬ǰڷе黨ҲûжӰ졣
ݰѵڶӵĶͨͨĴǸѣݵûжֲܾô棬Ӱ쵽
һŪ֮Ҳһҡ
ݴӵڶ߳ƵߵС·ȥûȥ
˵֣ȻЩľήˣЩȻΧɽͷơ
ŪݲݺֻɢŲٵİɫʯݵͷ񼸸е˵棬ûпʲôͬ
վĴ˿ʯͷɽƽϣǡ
סһڲͬĶݲ
߹ȥ֮ǰ鼮ϳһ󷨡
ݲЦЦû뵽֮ϲȻмʯ
ʯƷֲ֮ǰķСһʯһ̲סһЦѵǴ˵еļƷʯ
ڹݵͷҪǼ鼫Ʒʯʱؿһȣµļ鼫Ʒʯ˲仯˷ĩʧڵϡ
ݾȵĿһĻֻ漴ؿԽԽȣҲʼͷԶʼǣʶģ
ݺݵҧһͷʶʧȥ֮ǰĬ˿ռ䣬ƾűܣݳֱ泯˴ϡ
ѹʱ͸оؿһʹиؿڡæȥǶ
ݿϤ壬ⲻǺӸѵ塭
漴뵽ռ䣬ĬһֳһԲķĵطǶеҲŽ
̧ͷ˿ռ俴ǳֻܼĵطֻԺǰСĵطһһŨš
ܼĵط󲿷ֶȻûпʲôȼ﹫ݸеˬɼЩȼ̫͡
һСˮ̶ˮ̶мһŴ񡣴Ҷմˮ飬ʱˮ̶Ρ
ˮҶµʱ鲻Խ¿ˮȥһڡ
鲻ԽСˮ̶߹ȥȿи̶ˮȫʱŷӦ
һ̣ӾһۡŶӡ뵽һС˵ͷҲǵһصĿռ䣬ռ治Ȫ̶֮ͿΰٲϴȥϵǺ׽ϴ衣
뵽㣬ö۵ÿܣֻĶԽԽˣæĬ˿ռ䡣

ûãѾɸɾ뵽ղԼӵֹסĶġ
㣬һͨҲһʱҵʱ䣬ỹʱأ뿴ʲôʱ
һϤְϡô̶ʱѾת첽ߵˡ
Ȼһͼһ߰꣬˫ֽؿڣվԺ￴
ݳķС쵰ǲر뱾үˡ
ȷʵͦǰ֮˵ģûзϵͷǵġ
ķһ㶣ΪݻᷴģݸɴĳˣǾùڷ
ûзϡϾȥ˼˵ĻǼٻ
һķӣ֪˸ûзϣֻΪڷ
еͷۣСû׷˵ľ顣ƾųɫòСǱ׷Ǹ
Ҳûɥڲʮ꣬ʵڲöԸ鿼ôǡ
㰲ķӦˣҲܶôʵҲͦõġˮܣǳϲ
һ룬ݶٸɲ٣ǰ㻼ûʧġ
ķһֱֱ֣ȥҪǻˣ۷ŹĿԼ϶֪ݶôһ˼
ķһȫܲ˶ĲͬǾùһͦʶģġ
ķػ˺ü˹ݷˣҲˣֱߵݷ䡣
ߵſڣԻվߵĹݵүҪһ󱦱
һüʧЦڰķ˵Ҫһ󱦱Ļûзϡ
ףķϵ壬İŪһµ֡
ֻҪ㣬ķ棬ȻղûпӦûԹȥʱһ
ݸЦһ£ȻˣǺӸҵġ
֮ô˵ǲµķô˵󣬿϶ǲ塣
Ȼ˵󡣰ķݻһӣߣôΪ͸ôһС塣
æյõĿռһӣǰǣҪǵѾˡ
ķһʱᣬ̭үǲǣ
æϣӶ԰ķ
ķ˸ۣŹ˼Ȧôøˣ
ЦЦ㶼ܿϳá
ķЦҪĻλеӣǵȻ
㲻˵Ҫҿһ󱦱𣿡ʵ
ķеӣһӣֻһ£żʱһֻͷǳ׺С
ֻСһȫ¶ͷ϶߸ţһֻɫĽǡ
СëཱུġݿֻСĶ뵽ִݴʣŮŮ׵ġ
ô͸òãķ
Ǵ͸ݣԱ֮ǰʯȻֻûй͵ʯǰֵǮ˺þãҵôһֻġ
Ȼ֪ǰ֮ˣǰԼϲңûпǹ
ȻҲ֪ķŪôһΪ˱յľ֮
ֻ֪ʯôһ£Ͳİõ¡ƤҲʵڶС᲻Ȥ
⹷ôôģϲЩƯС
ķһݵ飬֪ݸҪ͵
ɰķʲô˰ҪͳĶɴûͳȥġȻѡǣǰû͹ˡ
˸ԿŶԷţջǹݰ˭УһǰСһӣһֱġ
֪ԼʵһԡΪһͭˣɲһֱԿ
аҪֻġ
󣬰ķ˲Цۿһķ⹷һûι緹أιǵĸ顣
ԣҲƾܡȻѾӦҪСѾ׼
Ҳ֪ЩޣҪУµΪſԸ顣
ƽʱֻ̺ڵӣҲǼʶܷΧڡ
ʵǲֻ̫޵ġ
ȻЩȻûпǣǵʵͦߵġٲִҪԲʺǻԼҸط
˸СǰСϸһ˯ڴϣʱܡ
ݲ֪ǰ֮˱ֻޣ޻ָڵģҪպͰķһⲻҪһֻ˯
ôϾԲֻСġ
ķɲӦ󣬾͵ϽС
ֵ㻹Ҫء󣬾ûϴ衣Ͻ´ϴ衣
һº͵ıάֲȥˡС뵽ԼղǱģ
æ˳ȥҪڴȥСָ档
״ķ׷ȥЦС쵰Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ڰͲס˸ۣ²ǸͶǡ
ķŭǲ͡㿴ֻСཱུģֻСҲģձģôɰ
ֻãķ˵Ϲһʱ֮䣬ƽºƽģ
ķķ֣¼ͷŹ˹ݣ֮ܵСŻ޴˳
ķ׻ûжͻؼȥˡ
Ҳ֪Ǹʲôӣķ뿪󲻾ãľҲܹ
ľʱպ˻ĸ꣬һʣ˿ľûǹˣҲֻǸݴкȻΧŸתתȥ
״ݻصԼķ䣬һ䣬ԼǿŵСϢ
ȥѴ򿪺ͳתڵȥ
Žڵϣܿͽڤ롣
ڣûǰ㳤ʱûãʹڤ
Ȼʱǳ̣ȴãƽûж
΢΢⵽һ㲻ǰܵġ
ǰϸһԼȷʵЩС˵ƤúһЩϵʱҲ
󣬾ͻ˱֢ղűķתתȥĿʱ
뵽Ҫ̶ˮ׸һһ᲻ᱻ˸鷳
žеԼ仯ǲ󣬲ϸǿġ
̧ͷһͷͷмˡ㣬緹ˡ
ֻ߳ˡɻأ
һ֦Ϻ˽лȥˡ
Ը֮󣬹ݵûǰʱ̼ԺӵϾΧûǰΪиԷġ
Ҫ鷳ҪǸ궼򲻹ҲӲˡ
ôˣݻûпʿֹԭǿġǾĻ⻹ǰڵӰԺĵӰ𺳡
ῴҪչ֣£ߴ磬ǣ
͵һֲ֮ҪֲʦڱϣʩһЩЩ᳤ֲøõġҲԷֹպ߱Ӹϡ
ݵͷʾ⣬Ȼ㶢Ÿꡣ
ǰֲʦʱ;ſṫݵ۹һӰ졣
ֻһ£˲־ˮɵԲһֻʩˮԲ룬ɵѼܵ档һڣˮԲ˲ѣ֦ϡ
һ̣ͺͺ֦ۿɼĳҶֱϽ˻ɫ԰׵ת뿪
ʱȻмֻ˹֮ͣѻϣʼڷۡ
ȡ״겻˼ͷ˼үЦˡ
ҡҡͷǹͺˣ
ҡҡͷһ£ûôģʱ򣬾Ͳʿֶδ죬ֵҩԡ
ݵͷʾ֪ˣ漴ֵԴһ㿴Ͼֲֲûҩԡ
겻⣬뵽С˳糤ֲʿЩ泣ʶ̫Ҳ⡣
ݸ֪ģͲֲʦֲ߲ķֲǲֱһλġ
һ˵Ҳ¡ղҲͦȵģҲû뵽԰ֱ֦ӴߵỨ
˵ֲⷲһء
ԣͷġ
һЦȥʰһ°ɣ緹
ԣҲͷá
ƽҪû꣬ҲȥЩ顣
̲סָ̾ҹʵòľֻ޲ԼӦҵ
⼸
һŬ̿ÿȥһˡ
հķȥһѪѹڴϣܡ
ϢȻû˴ǹԼ͵͵ġ
ϢȻǷĲ£ȥ̽
죬͸˵ҪһЩѡҪѷǳóԣЩķ
үˣ߹Ĺݵ
΢ЦͷȻʾߴ磬㿪ʼɡ
ãߵϣʩչֲʦҪ
ֻѼϵϣȻֱϺ죬֮ɺɫʱͣʩ
ϢֿʼʩˮԲֻڼϻ
ϵڸʩ£ıϺɫ
ٴͣʩʱݱѾŵһɵĹζֻ
һһ֣ǼֻӾֱֱ׹䡣
״֪ԼѣûбѳԡĵĵүȥѶժ
˵꣬ȹݻӦ𱸺õӣߵժѡ
վڱεЦЦôĸӣƵģʵ˷Ц
Ҫǻӣֻ˰²οﲻϲݵǲ˼ˡϾǴӺƽƽȵĵطûū˵İá
ⳤģݾԼҲǸӡôţԼĳǸˣǲҪˡ
ϴ֮󣬸һѵݸϵĹݣԼһȻһţѾ͵
ݵǶţĿģٶȴǲܿͳԵ
Ѻ˶ͣ
ݳԵһ󣬸ֵһԼѾڳԵڶۿžҪˡ
ҡҡͷҳԹˡ˵߰˴õȥңľҲЩɡ
꺬ĵͷš
⼸չңҵҲǸ֪ȤģҲֱͨӾȥ
ЦЦкķȥ
ᣬķķֻԼĻʯͷǰԺ
ݼʯͷʶ˸к⼸չʯͷ񵱳ǰ㿴˳ˣЦŻӦ
ʯͷתҲرѲ¡Ͼ˵ײʮ꣬δѡΪһˣʯͷټƽϣԵеСˡ
ߵϵͤǷѺ󣬵ʯͷ磬ǸߴѣζҪƽҪЩ³
ԣʯͷһѺá˸л
ߵǰʱԼЬӡ԰ķҪֻСʱķķͲôЬӽȥˣǹӿڵȥȻķˡ
ķȻûô࣬ҲСӴŻҳܵ
ݸһ߽ͼķҪСӴֱǰ
һ̣⹷ӾͶŹݿС
ǲƹȥ⹷ҲֻҽнУһŰȫǰ׳
ȻҲ⹷ӻСԵʣҲҲ֪ݲǸǵġ
ķỹأĻָʶ
ķҲǾ֣һһҲ֪ǲϱг
һһһϣʧķһȫʧȥտɰģ
Ҫǹ֪ķ룬صа²һķۡ
ȻĨһᣬֻԼ׷֮·ϾͰķķ治һѡ
ΪһֻޣȻء˿Ӱ찲ķᣬ۶ûأͰһ¡
һ̣ԵʲôζƵģһſۣС쵰ʲôóԵġ
ϣԺָһѵ
ķҲݣ˳ӵİѳԵȥ֮ĿŹݡ
Ĭһ£̺λүһһŵģλүֽλү³ѺƤ
λүСģаպúúֻС
ݾͶιĲˣһš
ķĺһûгԹ
Ȼֱ˵ķѾԹˣ˸ɵʣµ÷Щǰɡ
ķҲǸûĵֻԼģʧаɡ
һЦ㻹ţ𣿡
ԣķڴϹأϹģүõĺܡ
ҲգͷСһﲻǸ򵥵ġû˵ʲôĻ⡣
ˣ̵׵ÿռлһ㿴ܲϡ
˵Źˣһֻ±壬ʵԭǸͨ塣
֮󣬾ˮ̶ӣ뿴᲻մҲֻǱԵ̬û뵽ˡ
ķùһ£Եġ˵ţͿʼ塣
ȰķſʱǰһºƽĹݡ
֪ԭİķǲЩģ뵽㣬ķһ
۾תĵطȥװף㲻Ϊʲô𣿡
һ㶣˵ԼѲķ
˲䣬ݾͷӦ˹Ӧ˵ǣ˼һʵͲµ
ķһµʲôǲ֪ˣ֪ҵİķ
װ͵͵С֮ǰǳʱǲһʿȻ˾潫سɴԼĹ㡣
ûеȰķӦֵ㿴ҶôãܲҲ̽ңʱһȥܺġ
ķ


 27 

ķĬ˺óһʱ䣬ĵĵţ밲ķô˵
ôҲֻ˳Ļͷϣҡͷѡ
ķҲ˼ţҪôش⡣˼ȥҲϡ
ǲǻˣأķƮԴһ˿ 
ݣ
Լʱȷʵ̫˽⣬ķ˵Ϲˡ
ķŹݵҵܣɱ˵ȥ꣬һĨӵĶ׵ֵ֪𣡡
ķְѹƿԶ㣬ϢҶˡ˵ţԼĶ䡣
ݿǰķӵͨĶ䣬һ΢һ£úϢȻȥˡ
˵ţݾߣ˺²ߡ
ķڴϹȥűӺ󣬡ߣС쵰С쵰ûûεġ
ߵſں󣬹һԽԽϲķСһˣҲԽԽ뵽˵ģķҲʮꡣ
ʱѡʵҪȰķСֻ뵽ԼһʮĴ塣
ô;ȻϲһʮģԼе̬Ϊϲ
ա
һʹŸһȥߵʱ⻰ҳİľľ֪ҪȥϺæʾԼҲҪȥ
·ϣľѧõʵҪԭûҲҪسȥѧ
ҪǿԵĻݻѧ㶫֪ػǿΪ֮ҪԼĿȷһߡ
գӰķǻ󣬹ݾøʣµѶˡ
͸˵ǷŲõģһƣõ
ΪһɹˣǴԽˣҲԼıְľ˽ϵ
ΪܶҰҰҰˣоǲԼҲ˵֣ණһֱϼۡ
ҲǴԽС˵һֳĶǳζȻϸüǮҲһ죬ķǳ
ľڹǰ˻֣ݵʲôأôСͷһ
ҭðŵûʲô
˺ܿߵϣʱϵ˵ࡣ֮Ըô磬Ϊռõط


 28 

ỹ磬ͷճԶɽͷϻ
ϤϵĪڰľط̯ҲЩܷ·Ҳ赲ӡ
Щϰһ̶ĵط̯ЩطᱻЩСϱǣЩСÿ¶óһǮϵţȻֻͨˡ
ʿҲרŵĵطǽףطͨ˿ɽãЩطҲߡ
˰ľĽܣ棬ȥһʿķǸʲôΡһˣһȥһ¡
Ȼ󣬵Ҳһרʿ߽׵ķУֻⷻеһ²ſһΣڻûеʱأȻǿȥľܵ
ľһֵҾֻȥһΣҵͲȥڲźʵ̫ͣ˵ҵزȥ
ݲ⣬ǰؾѣѵͻؾҪҪѰͻõĵҩкܶؾ֮ǰߡ
һľǷǳġƫԶĵطľʵʵ
ǼľĵǸ۰ӵģðľȥĵɡ
棬ݵ֪ΪΡΪҪȥ׵ķУǵȽһƷʯͨߵһʯɲô׵ġ
ľȥûʲô£ľȻǲԸ˷һʯ
ᣬľҵʵλˡݱ㲻ٶ룬ϾҲʲô¡
ݲ׵ҪЩͨѵҪһЩöѿ࣬Űֽд˼۸񡣲ͬΪտʼʽ
ǵѰ֮󣬺ܿˡЩ˾ȻԵɣǮˡ
ݸпϵǮͦģƽǮ
ԣľЦһ£ǲƽϣǲҼƽϡ
ɻ󣬲⿴һڷѵĸꡣ漴Ӧһ˿Ȼ
Ҳǣиɷĸ⣬ЩĸҶ졣ЩʵӻСͦġ
æǮû⵽ѵģ󲿷ֶǰ̯Сˡ
Ⱥ֮򣬾ҪǸϽˡԸ꺦µúܣ¸һ鲻
ǳԹѺ󣬵ͦģЩһӳԵ󣬻ܹ
쵽ʱǴѾˡΪĹСǮ治١
󣬹緹ϽȻǵͷͬ⡣


 29 

һ˽緹󣬼ӶԹʵûʲôȤӷݳ󣬾ֱȥҪĶֱӻشӡ
ͻȻ䣬һһŮ˵˵ƣԶС
Ҳ֪Լ˵е㲻£ʵȥ˵
ε⣬ڶԼһշ磬żǱ˲¡
һѹ˵Ҫǻʳӣ
Ůӻصţĺ£˵Ƕա
˷ܵһҲȥԡ
ŮҲϲõɲǣǸϽȥɣϢڻʳǵĽдŸҵġ
ӳɵôû˵᲻ᡭ
ŮӲ˵ô˵ҽƭҡ
Ǹǣֻʳˣô͵͵ġ
ŮԴһ˿Ͳ֪ɣɾаˣڻʳǾͿйˣõطС
漴ŮֵҲֻ޶лʳǵˡЩϢͨģͿʼ͵͵Ľʳȥˡ
Ůӵ֮⣬æֺõǵöлС֪
ŮӺһ˾Ͳ⣬ǵ
ݵ΢΢е㲻Ȼ漴ȥ
վڽϿұߵķӣܸܵΣյϢŮ˵Ŀġ
ʵ˵ͦȤġҲȥԡ
治ǸƽӹӣȻǰȫԿĸµŲ͸⳥ȵĹһӣαԼഴҵ
һʱ߾ߡȲ˵Σķû׼ǻʳǶ߲
оǣڲŸոϲһˡȻ˼һûаͷﻹͦŶԷġ
뵽⣬ݲ̾ԼԽҪٴͺáӣȥ˵ϲ˼ң²ǱҼҡ
ݵܣľôˣʱʱķһ´ͷƵĳü
ݣ
ľɲṫݵѹСҸС⣬ʵǲ֪ЩŮϲʲôҿҸЩ
һ£ľĿյ֮ǰǸԵģǿˣ˵ʲôζٷǡ
Ǹ˵⣬Ͷ̫СĻЩģĻ֮֬ġ
ľԸǿǰҲֺģ˵ϲһζû
漴߷߲ƽֵǺ涼͸õܣǼֱ̫ˡ
˼ݰɵӹıǸкİɡ
ΣԸ֬廰
ԣľǺǵطŮһ˽ȥʵ̫ûˡ
ݼǸóԵġ
ľͷҲֻˡ
겻ף㲻˵ҪЩСԵĸ
ľȻѽ漴һεӵˣһȥЩ֬ɡ

 30 

ķŹݺ͸һ֬ǰߵⰲľɫǺĳɵҪȥ𣿡
ݺ͸һҡͷͬǣ㡣
ǣľָˣŭǾǲֵܰ
Į¸ǲֵܿûʲôϵ  
ǳ˻Ҫȥ
ľжߴ绹תŹݣϾһƬ㹼ҵģ
ݲΪĬȻվţľʱ˼
״ľŭߴ磬ߡ
ϣûһⰲľͬͬŵ˳ϺһƬޱ飬ϸĻܿãȻ
ľŶаľ˻ͦǿģûԼղŲֳ
ʵ˵ʵΪһִˣȥױƷʲôöģϾֲǸԼá
Ҿֻ֪֮ǱҪױ֮⡣һӣҲԽԽϲϲױǶԻױƷ˽ñһЩŮҪࡣ
طҲûʲôöġܶżʱҲȥ֬ѡ֬
ݲȥΪ½ȥ󣬸Լմһ֬ζⲻܵġ˵ʵվĵطͦԶģˣӻŵһŨζ
ʱͷҡͨ˶ɡߴŶҡ
һʿϰ֮ˣͷˣߵʱϻǳЩˮ
صԼԺʱݵһʱȥϴ衣ϴ󣬹ߵԼķ䣬ϰȵһᡣ
ʱʱѾȥˡգȥķˢڸС
뵽ղһһŮ˵Ļһ˾ڷʧռȥˡ
ᵹڵĿռ䣬ҪǺռҪϲ٣ҲܿĶ
ҲҪʱʱ̶̿棬ֻҪʱţƾǿҲܼʱ
ֻǣԴռͷԼҲȥӸռ䡣£һɽݶԵʰɡ
Ȼˣ˸õĿռ䡣о֪ⶫɲǺҪģǺΪİķģڵʧź
Ϊռ̶ˮ˵Ȫݱ򵥴ֱĳΪȪռ䡣
ᣬΪ˱ģǴѰķĶóܲˮһǵƷʡ
֪ЩǰķĶҪķġֻøķ°ķҪըëмתͷͺһ
ķĶɲ٣С̶ˮôණЩݺͷŵȥ
һ̣ɵˡֻȪˮƵģȥݺͷһ̶ˮ¾ȥ


 31 

ݲаţһҡȻƽŵ̶ˮŽʵ
ֳ˼һӣЩԡһöͨλ᲻֮ǰմ
Ѷȥʱ̶ˮжˡ˺ü̶ˮĶԽԽ
ǿҪˮ
ĻĵЩ}ûţռǲֹһһ룬̶ˮԽԶ
˵Ũ߼֮ʱ̶ˮڷ̶ˮȥֵǣ̶ˮеȴȻģ˿Ӱ졣
ݱֱ۾̶ˮȥܾôỹ·˵ʵڣﻹ̶ˮʵڸӽķݻ黨ƷʣȻ̶ˮ³ӽȥķ
ûãȻǰ㣬̶ˮͻȻȪһ˵ˮˮصը˿ˮ֮ˮϣҲûбŹҲմˮ
Щˮǳ棬Ϻûиܵ⣬һů⣬ͷʱܵů⡣
̲ס۾ĸţϧûůʧһ̣΢ſ۾
һۣͿɢ̶ˮܱߵķæȥ鿴
෴̶ˮķȷʵıˣֻǽ෴ǵƷʽˣ߿˵ˡ
Щ黨ûб³˲ʱȥȣһһ̹ȥˡ̲סοЦ黨ݱ̶ˮ̵һ顣
ûпִЩԶ󿪵С˵Ҳܲµһ̶ˮʵղȡ黨
չ£̶ˮƷӦӦĻߵ̶ˮϣȥϵˮ顣
ˮ󣬵ǵһʱռȥˡ
ϵĻƻϴǰ࣬ʲôġԣһʹֱ߳䵽⡣
Ҫ̤ſʱһ¶ӣ֪ԼȻûκηӦ
аѵЩˮʧȥЧˣ漴ַۣӦûЧϾĸоͷǳá
վڷźüͷ˳˼
С쵰ķ߽ԺͼݴţΪ֪ˣҪӴġ
û뵽ݳվſˣһ겻ģ


 32 

ԣݱֱ۴ӷ߳վǰһüĻɣǲǻ˸о
ķһãȻĿ˵ʲôоʲô
ݳ˼һᣬƽƽǻ˵ܶᡣ
ķһҡӵҲͣһ£漴ӣˣҾҪ˵ٱ飬ҾǲǰӶѡ
ķشʱ۾ĴûпǰĹݡ
һķӣ֪ˡ
ǵԼûķЦЦĿŰķһᣬۿķҪ߳ŭˣŲĿڵģ
ķ벻ҲĴȻġ
ݣ
ķһʮӣת˸ˣͦҲͦƵġ
ķһֱȽúܣһʱӦ̲סһɻĿ
ЦЦûظһ顣
ķ£Ӧƾ󣬾ǿ˴ܣȺΪߵҪǶһһţԪӤᱻȻ̡
ԣķ˹ݵ˼Ϊڿ
ûһͷӦݿɲ֪ˡ
ߣķҲôգ漴б˹һۣôҺá
ʵ˵Ҫǵ˼ңķˣһĮӵġϱָŰ˼ңⱲӱүծġ
ķȻûȫãȡ˹ݸ֮󣬷Լ˿ȷʵ˲١
ߺһĵֱķ֣յ󣬾ȻֻƻָЩΪȻ仹ڽǰڣһûУҲ˵ֻˡ
֮ǰʯֱӴŲ㵽˽ǰڡ
˵ᣬķȻǰǸԪӤΪĴޣʵǻ˱ܵĻУʲôᡣ
ҪֱӴǻģķǳռĶǸӮġ
֮ôߵΪΪ޵ΪͻŻʱԽöԽߣоȺڵļɽǳŨ
ֵΪڣԸֹﲻ׵ۣСûǰĹһǸͽĻӶѡ
æҡͷЦĸء
лҪ˵л2020-03-04 00:26:50~2020-03-05 16:44:43ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лӪҺСʹJ 5ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 33 

ôվſҲǸ£ݰ˴Լķ
󣬹ķΪζ
ʵİķѵе㲻˼֧֧ģϰ˵ԼĿġ
ԣЦЦ˼ҪŪķУΪʲôҪ㡣
ķһ㶣漴ϱ鼸任Ҿ
ԣһ漴Ц˿Ц˺һ𣿡
ķĵͷȻ
ΪҵСǲǸ˫ַϡֵ
ķùϵĲˮƵĺһڣȻ̧°ͣãʡҳ֡
Цˣʵ˵һͨˣôܴҺôǸ߰ɡ
ķ˸ߵԼİ취
֮ͨԭ򣿡ݺʵȻµķ֮ͨǰôҲ벻ķˡ
ǷӦ˵ķֻһͨˣͨ˵ءԣһпܲˣ˵˾Ǵ˰ķǱ˰ķ
ķĿͣ˼Ҳ򵥣һòʢ꣬Ϊǰ֮˻ɱˡ
ķԽ뵱ȻǡΪⱻݿ漴ϰ̧°ǵģǲǷǳĽ
ʧЦͷȷʵĽ
ķӵˣеӣյϣֹϵģүԺúñġ
ķа⣬˶ָˣȥĵر
ݰѰķִԼ£תͷǰСһҵúøлл㡣˵ţͳ˼öķǸġ
ķСʱһ۾ĿŹ壬ȥã֪뵽ʲô̧ͷŹʵĶң
ݵѵ㲻Ҫ
ԣķ໽һ£ɿİӹҪģ
ףô⼸öˣķļö塣
оȣ̶ˡ⼸öһ̶ֱϣղ̶ûӰ쵽ǣҲûϣôõ飬̽ʵҲ̽
Ϲݵ˼һʵѲÿҪһ𣿡
ķҡͷȻǡ
ⲻͦõ𣿡ݵеŰķˣʵڲ뿴ķ⸱˵ӣҲ֪⼸ö幻ķãŹݲ˳
ķͷˣʣµ١öȥһЩ˵鵤ҩҾָܻ糣
ղһ֣ͺ޲Ͱյʵ嵽ֺһֱţĻ˹ݵͿʼסˡ
ȻҲķ飬պҲҪһ㿪ðķȻȥ
ķһϲ漴˳ȥû˵һ
ʵҲ⣬ķ˵ڿ˼ǧ꣬һ֪ԼлȬ԰ķӣ㹫ļ䣬Ѿǲˡ
ں濴⼱ģ̲סҡͷʧЦֻǸСһﰡ


 34 

ķ뿪󣬹ݱ㿪ʼһͨԼϳ˳㺹Ǻúõġ
ù̲ס˰Ѱķĸֱӽ̶ͷ˼ѹͷ⵽ײԼĶҪû취İá
̲סҡͷЦԼԽԽһϵˡ
棬ݺܿͰЩ뷨֮Ժ˼ָյƽڹݴٽռ俴һµʱȥĸˡ
ݼæȥӭӣ·ûء
Ȼһͼ걳ϱһĶֻҲûţһ
٣ү꺩ЦŴк
ЦŵͷǰӹĶ
տʼʱضùæˣϾԵķùġ
ƳٻԵý鲻˵ȥĿҪݳƵĴƿⶫԲСľͻŪ飬ҲȷʵҪ˰æ
ʱûٸϴԣҲ֮ǰˣ¶ԹΪȣҲԼǸûص˶Ӳ
ݿʮƿչޣʧȥ侲¶һεģ
ǳȣյٳٲȻִĹ֭ⶫʺϲ
Ǵ˲ѣȥŪ˼Ū֭һȴ̾ζⶫֲҪȻ̲סȥ֭һСˡ
ֻ򼸸꣬ûжչװ֭ԸŪ֭װ˷˲١ˣվȥƿչȥˣ˵ǽҪ֭
ṫڳԷڱϺ֭
һ֭󣬿ݵү㲻Ҫ𡭡
̧ͷһ۸꣬ûסϵ²ǵƺҪоûⶫ˵ƻ𲻳
һ뵽ܣݾ͵Ƶ˼
ɲ֪ݵ뷨Եһ֣ȻºףٺЦʣµٷžͻˣҪȻ֭
̲סΣҲ벻˲СʳҲСᣬǸ̰ģһпڳԸֶ
һر˵ϲãȻκЦҲû˵ʲô
ڸ﹫ݵλûǱҪʱദǷǳŬȥϤ˽⹫ݣ֪ǲġ
ȻݲҲĵĺ¼֭
׬Ǯ󣬸ڴˣҲ˲ȥ֭ɱѴŷЩ̲סү֭˵ȥҪ𣿡
̲סʧЦӦû㵹ԡ


 35 


֪ʱһζתۼ乫Ѿһ¡
⼸﹫ݶʵʵԼԺ֭ЩŪ֭˲Ǯơ
ڰķݹ⼸۲죬һԼÿ춼ں˯ڳԷʱ֪ѹ
ݲСһ˾˯ʽϣͲȥСһ˯ʱ߽ͺ֪ΪιԤУϾͻ뿪
û칫ݵԤоͱ֤ʵˡ
գһԼԺš̶ÿ춼ȵ㣬ͻ˺ص˺ء
ʱùףм־ǴӸɸ֣ʵȴô򵥡
߻ߣҪɾͣ˿̿Եǲ١
˵Խǲһ£Ҳӽ˰ɡ˯ʱ䣬ʱľˣҲҪ̶ͻơ
ڹݴ֮ʱķˡ
üҪǰķᶼܲķĵɼķ򵥰
а˼ţϵǲԣķϸ˴һǺˣ
ķݴ﷢ë˵ûүˣ⻰ĵͷĿڵš
漴ҡҡͷݲһɻĿʲô˼
ķԼǰ˺ˣΪûлָء漴Ȼ·Ӧɲ˵⻰Ȼͱ¶ˡ
뵽⣬ķԵ⣬ƹݣʵҽҪ˵ҵȥʳˡ
ݲ죬漴ʵʲôʱ
ķҲûˣ
ô죿ʵ
ķһ㶣漴Ŀڵʱһġ
΢ЦǸպãҲģҲƻȥһ˻ʳǡ
ԣķɴ۾ʲô˼
΢ЦҲƻȥʳǣ˵и֮ˣȥԡ
ķգգۣ֮һ棬Ҳȥԣǣ˵ȥ
޵ĵͷðǽȥ
һʲôʱ
ķһʵΪԼ˺ˣܵȥǰ뷨ˡ
κʱ汾壬СĿΪߺʿˣ/
ֱ˽⵽СʿûмΪģҲˣŸҳȥ


 36 

һöԼ֮󣬹ĵҲһپôϰķȥʳǡ
պ
ʱֵʱǰһȣͷûô
ԼݺͰķվ͸óˡκμƻϲϱ仯ķܣ᲻ԼҶӣס˰ķҪһա
ֻøΪ
ᣬһС˲ڴסİ޽һң˶˴ڡ
۾ԼҶӵıӰ̲סвᣬҶ𡭡
㻹û˵֣ˡ޻§סοˣˣˣֲǲᶼˣϾ͹ˣʱֻˡ
Ȼţ־Ĩĭˮ϶֪ҾǡҾ᲻á
޻в᲻٣ķ׳ˣǸóȥˡܸõ÷֣Ͼܲչ˶һӡ
϶Ŀݲɵÿ֮ˣֻķȦͷ
ķཱུˣ޾Ϳްɣ
ķһĿݵ̧֣ͷһ˿ʵʲôأҺòסᣬһ͵ˡ
ķӲһˮָ㣡
ݿŰķһӿ޻ۣһɾëĲһðɺðɣҵĴΪֲҵĴҰһˮ
ķһϰ̺߱ţԱŹݸᡣ
һǴĳֻأֹסܿͱʪġ
ݱţ;úЦֻðķôһܿޡʩֻİķɰýǱ̲ס΢΢
ķһᣬûôܣҲֹסЩе㲻˼̧ͷһ¹ݵ֣ùݰÿ
뵽պÿ˹ݹǣ˲ըˣŭЦʲôЦǲ͵͵Цң
ǹЦȻǵûѡظ
ûȹҳķŭϵᣬﻹŵС쵰ҪߣҪŪ࡭
ô죬ֻεĹԹԵɰķ/й
ݵɰķķ/йˣݱ·ͱްͰ͵ˡ


 37 

ݵͷŻİķԷħצԸŹȻڡԼ·
ÿĽüû˵ʲôɶԷڣȱһ·
Ҳ֪ķҹû˯ãĹˣûùݾͲķȻĻ˯
״ݷ˯ţ˵ķϲ١
һᣬŵİѻ֮ˣŵȥȻһֱŰķģֻƣ᲻۲ǹؼصҪǰķ治ţķʱƵûܡ
ݿһᴲϵİķֶԷȦе࣬¶Էҹû˯á
ǵǰڽ˳˸¯ⶫе㰲áҿ˿ڱϵİóһƴ¯
¯֮޳˫ȴ˫û붨ˡ
˴ǰʳǶҪ·ģǲװ󣬻ٴЩˡ
ݺͰķһ˸ʯͷˣ˶߿һЩ
ҹ֮ǰ˳Ǽƻŵĵطسǡ
ǵ˳ǣһʮ˼Һǰ
ʯͷ͸ӭȥǰʯͷֵ:ܼңþò
˼˰ѺֺǺǴкʯ˵ţһǸ·˰ɣѾ׼ϯүҲѾˣ
ʯͷЦЦͷ˵ǣˡ
ǰԷʱ򣬽Ͽյûмˡܿ죬һ˾ߵһԺǰ
֮ǰķʱסԺӣʱ˼ţŵʱڰƽסˣ͵סһʱ䡣
Ϊ̫ʱķ˹
ѹİķԺģգգ۾ó
ۿķҪ˯æֹ˯˯ˣСһҵء
ķɲС¹֣ŭأ
ݵֱ˲ûķ٩СһС
ʱ˰ĸҲǰķõܵ硣
ĸСķҲˣԺûˣҲ˹
ķɴۣ¹ݵ֣Ȼ񾯸һݡ
ݸɿһ΢Ц㣬
ĸķͬһȹҡһЩҪڵ򣬰չΪ𣬹ݵǰʺá
ǿΪ𣬰ĸǸͨˣϰߣݵĵλҪȰĸһЩ
ݵǲЩ³󣬱ߵĸǰʺá


 38 

ĸͰķֵܣòеƣԸȴǲͬ
ķƽʱըģҪըıġĸȴ෴ȵĸͷƵġ
ĸǸТ˳ģƽʱԺżʱʱذƽ̽ĭүӷ򸾡
ǰʱ乫ķܣһȥͰĸżϡ
ǰ΢ǣ΢Ц֡
ĸæҲԵͱֵСֵܡ
ķ鲻ѣôôǰ˰ۣ˫һ
磬ĸεĽһȻ󲻺˼˹һۣɫƽż磬˶ѾϺˣɡ
ķ޵ĵͷȻһȥ
üİķһ㶼ɰ
ĸҲе㲻ϲķӣķ磬Ҳ˵ʲô
ݲ֪ķѾǸˣҪ֪ڿɲҪĲӣָܰ˴ҵĴޣǿǷǳݵġ
ĸٴοݣεЦЦСֵܣҽ
ķȻĸͶͦ𾴵ġ
̤ݺ󣬰ķӣĶλϵŮС壬С
޽ЦЦ˵ͷķɫǰʱöˣǲˣ
⻰ķ˳ѵɢ٣СⶼƳֶĲѾá
޽ܱϵŮҲ˳ºɣЦЦǷȻҪԵ㣬֮ǰܳԵĲ
ᣬݺͰĸҲˡ
⻰밲ķǰʱȻǸôԾôԣôȾôȣȫǲɿڣֲ
ȻķС˵ĲͷǵȻɲõܸ
ԣ޽ܺͳºɲԼͬһЦ
޽κ磡ùǣҪֲǶͶ̥
Ҳ̲סЦ˳ְķСһʱǺܶ˿ġ
޽Ц㻹Ͻ£ȻݵλؾǹСֵܰɡ
ǰʺõǣү˰
޽Цúãһ·չֶСֵܿ
ҡͷүˡ˿ͦ۰ķġ
ķŹһһģҪҪԷ˶ˡ
޽ܹЦ˵ĶԣȳԷ


 39 


ͼСϰٸң󲿷ֹһֶͬС죬ǵۻסĻʳǣǸǣسǣٺӣǴӡ
س°سǣʿߺͨ˶ǻһֵĲرԡǺͻʳʿ֮ͨμʿᵽͨסĵطȥ
Ϊǻ߻ʳʿ۾ӵĵطоͨסĵطǷǳЩطûС
ʿ·඼ǷɽԽ룬˼֮ߡһһʿͨ˴඼Ǹ߸ģš˵·ⶫʿ˵޵Ķ
ǣͨ˻ʿҪ뿪ҪȥҪṩ֤ͨҪ·ʿһ㶼ʱҪʯ
Թ
˵һȫҪ·ⶫһ˲߾ʿκΰķϻǸͨˣԷһǴ·á
ʵݣʯͷи˴Űķƽʿߵ·ҲǿԵģֻҪܻסķɡֻȥʳͨߵĹ·죬Ϊ˾ϵʳǣŻѡ߹·
ա
һʱͳˡ
س֮ʱɫδ˰ķϺ˯˽ڴ
һͷޣΪǧºͣһǧν٣ٴ˼Ҽﶼỿƥ
ǧºͣ׻һƥޣһͨ˿𣬾ǰҲ⡣
ͷǹרȥ޵޸ġ޲ٶȿ죬·ֻҪܹΣʶ·һҶרżݳ
ݻ˫ۣʶߴϿȥȻķ˯𡣼ΣҡͷϢЦЦ漴ߵʯͷ͸꿴ȥ˻ڴ
⿴һۣ漴ȥߵķ羰ɿٶȶִٶķɻ
ϸ룬û磬ʵִҲˡ
Ĵִĵƻ𣬻бȵȣӦ󷨣¼з档
漴ԳԼ̫뻯ˣִҪΣ˲֪٣ͨ˾͸ϵϰ㱰΢С󷨣¼Щʿﶼûж٣˵ͨˡ
ȻС磬֪ҪȵҪٱᶼˣǻڹسڡ
ݻͷһ۰ķϵڣСһѾ˯һˡȻ֪һٳһû£ﻹ˸Ե㶫


 40 

պ
ϣʳǵһʳӭλ糾͵Ŀˡ⼸⼸ҹ̣Ǵ¸·Ĺݼˡ
ǵóԵĺúȵĶ󡭡һݡķһţСͶ˼µ
ķ꣬Щֵʳ˲䰲СķӦͦģͻصõģλҹ
ں棬ɫɨһΧĿˣ鵭
һᣬձƣָֻղŵ֡
񾭴簲ķҲе죬ɻĿһܣСǻʳǵ֣û𣿡
ԣСһ飬漴װ⿴˼۸꣬껹һɽģ¶һֺõЦݣλ͹٣ǵһεʳİɡķͷ漴ɻĿȴ
ˣݺ͸ʯͷԿ˶ԷһۣӶԷ￴һ˿Ȼ
СǶŸ¶һִֺһ˿µЦݣȻСĿ˼һۣŵλյʳ֪Ѿʮǰڶûʿڻʳֹ
ϾɫɫˣС䣬㽥ָ˵Ҳ˳ٵĿһԣҿλ˲Żʧ̬
˵⣬ʶʲôֱþн͵͵һ۸ֺ꣬õҶģ
ޱĿΧһۣû˵ʲôķͷһۣ⣬Īٿӱ󡭡ӣѵǻʳˣûгȻʿ٣Ҳûаɡ
Сһæ͵ûûУҶ췢˵ĶģʮǰһλŪһһӰǵգʱ˶ܲˣ㶼뿪ǣֱӵڳȥġö֮Ƕٵ
ķ˽ĵĵͷ漴ͷһһԼĶӣϽȥȥŪóԺúȵġ
Сæͷǡ漴ļǵ뿪Ӱд׷׷Ƶġ
üͷźۼ壬˸ղС˵Ļе㲻̫Ծ֪˻Ǽģ󲿷ֶһͨĲͨˡ
СȻ棬ȴǰС˵Ҫնϣġ˵ľ󲿷ʿͨ˶ܶϿϵ
һ˵ʿ۵ĵطͨ˶ȥʿͲһˣȻͨǴãܲʮ궼һΣοͨﻹǵˡ

 41 

峿
ԶԶĴһһźţյƣڼ󣬽Ŀʼˣû߾©ǰס
ʱʳϿջɵģûرϵȴдʵı￪ʼ˹ͣ
ݽһߺվڴǰ־Ŀ棬ϵİķĴźࡣ
һﰲķǸԵģΪʯͷӣһҶ¡ҹСĻ󣬱Ȳôڳǡ
ԣһ˳Ժ÷󣬱˸ջס£ڽȴһϢ
ز죬ݲȥֱȥרŷ鱨ĵطǮ
Ӵһ˵һ׺ͷӣҪڳͷҡҡͷͷԴҲֻ̫дԣڳԣЩʿͷ׸еӦԴҾͲԸ
ԣݵʮûʿڳǳֹ̫ˡ
ͷֺǺǵӣʿǳĻ֪ˡ
ԣݾ֪ǴϢ뿪ˡ
һ˳ϢģķԸʯͷšһİĵطʵ˵е㲻ģøҲڿջ
뿪֮󣬹ûֱӻؿջֱͷ֪ģϾŵƵĵͷӾȻǮ׬˼ˡ
ûв͸ǽԣٽŴһ¡κһطһǰͨȥˡ
ڹ뿪ͷǽͻȻѿһ߽һ˴СĿӣһᣬһʮ߰͵ĺŮ˳
Ů󣬰ͷӹǰֵС
ŮףĵɻʿѾˣɱַﵽڳȥ
ͷӵҹһʿֻʿΪĲ㣬߻ͬ飬ղϢСӣ֮һͷӿӦ֮ˣ£ʿǻǹġ
ŮüʱϾ͵ˣĹʲôΪȻʱɲܹġ
ͷæͷͷ뵱Ȼˡȥڳȥ
Ůڰ֣ȥˣ졣ղţСӺе㻬ͷ
һ߰ķմӴ˸ȻϰԵȥѰٹݵӰ
һȦֻԼһˣķѵЩãȻأ
һ飬ϰ˰иˣ䲻ûôһˣԼе㲻ϰˡ
ķҡҡͷԼãȻѣȻյܵ߷ȥ
첻ˣṫҵһ֪һЩˣȻҪҵĲе
Ůӿʮ֪֮߰꣬Ϊиڳǰͷ˵ǰ㣬ʮȷʵʿڳŮӵĸҲˣֻǳʱ򶼱Ƚϵ͵
Ⱥʿ֮˵͵£˵ڳһЩʣȻʲôûиˡ
Ů˵֮һתųݵҾӦǺ°ɣϴҸʱˡ
ʶԼ˵ʲôŮæڸԼͣһ˫Ĵҿһʲôǰ㣬ֵСͷЩ
ûеȹݻشһӣҸ㣬ɱ˵ 
ЦҪϲˣиôĸ磬İɣҲ˵ġ
󣬹ԺҲиʿ˴ǰʳǣΪ˽ڳȥġ
ŮŶ
ЦЦˣϴλʱʲôʱʿǲǲܽڳǰ
ڳǵȻԽû˵ܽڳǵģСͷͲܽˡŮȻĵ
һŵĵƭҵİɣô˵иʳĵӣҿרΪġ
ԣŮҶü𣬡ƭһƿСʲôˡ
ô죿ݰյ
Ůа취
æʵʲô취ֻҪңҿ԰Ҹҵʯ㡣˵ţִӶȡһöʯ
Ůõʯ¶һϲЦݣʶ࣬ҲģãҲ޷
˵⣬һ䣬Ŵžɱ߱ˣڳǿײߺͨ˽
ŮͰѷӸ˹ݣȻ뿪ˡ
Ůߺ󣬹̧ͷ˿ͷʱˣҲ뿪ˡ
ߵһʳ˼ݲ˺󣬾ҹסĿջȥ
ݸһţиڵ˵һľϲ
ЦЦķ˵ݸ꣬Ҫѻ֮˵סû½ǣķˣžָһ١


 42 

Ȼһ٣ﷴһ˿⣬ķں
õĸԷǸӦ˰ķȥҹУķźߺıʾԭ
걧֣һʯͷСôҼүүеֵֹġ
ʯͷһֻԼүãԣƵĿ꣬үŹ֡
ҲǸĹ֮ˣԼүԣæҼүŲ֡
ʯͷøԴʵǲôһͲˡ״ҲƲƲ죬תͷȥоϡ
Ȼ˼ڰķϣûעΧԣһʱĻ
ȻˣҲԼķһܳɷǳҸһԣǰ֪Ҳãǵ뷨ŲںҲ᲻ͬϾһϡ顣
Сһﰲס֮󣬹ݾ˵£һڳǳ⡣
ʵ˵ղŮݼʵ׾ӣֱ̫ˡŮ˵ĵûдڳǳ⣬ֻ˵Ǽ£෴ڳǳ
ķʳǲǱڳģĿˮؾؾ֣ͷ󲿷ֶˮƣֻˮƣɲģƺˮо綾
ˮؾһззƺͶˮǾͽзΪззնˮƺ󣬻һӣӶưЧ
ķܾԼϵ˻ûкȫȥץֻз
ʯͷûбĿģΪչԼӲŸġﰲķֻص˾֪ˣʯͷĬһߡ
굹֪Ϊζֻǲ̫ţ֮ӣ۵ģǿɲһɻǲ빫ȥĥ
ĿľǽɣǧǽɣڳǼʶһҲȻġ
һ뵽ݿ֪ҲҪȥȰүǻشӰɡ
ҡҡͷżȥȵȿȻķ˼һ˲ǾȲҪȥڳǡ
ġķͷ
ſڣһ£ŵǶ˰ɣȳԷ
ʰķĿģ֮ǰ·˺ö飬ֻķԣǲ˵ʵĿģֻðסԼ
лҪ˵㶯ղһ*^_^*

 43 

Ժ÷֮󣬰ķյȦûô֮漴˴ֺ˯ȥˡ
ݿЦãȪ⼸Ȼһֱڸ·ûожƣ룬ҹ˯һѾȫָˡ
Ϊķ͸꣬ʯͷ˶ڳǶôӣݶҲôˣյ֮£ܾǸȦס
ԣ繫Ҳȥתƣƻڿջ͸꣬ʯͷһ
һתۣͷɽˣҹ١
һڰķ˳ĴӴȥҹݣҪȥҹУùһ˲仳һǲͶж
С˵ﲻϵɣгɵħ֣ϲ˼֡ǰ֮ƺͷޣƽϲֵӣǰƲʱ䶼һֻޣɽͷһҲְķӡ
˵ķǹҲǺ棬ϾΪһִˣҲûмʶŴһ֮ҹУԣԽҹ֮Ҳڴ
ʯͷ˶ڹҹаȤûУŲΪ֪ͷݾڿջͰķ˳ȥ
ķͦģƽʱ£ʯͷͻڱϿŪȤȱȱ˸˶ţԼ÷ǳġ
ҹֵĵطϣסĿջϣҪȥֻһβ̵ľ롣
ֺͿջ֮ߴ󲿷ֶСԣƵ꣬ʳ̣ƽջػص˶١
ķŹݴܽһһֻտļȣһˮס
ڰķĹЦЦһﻹȻ֪ش䡣
ʱͻȻ˱ʡһںļһһͻȻڹһݱȥֻԼһʹιȥˣιȥ֮ǰЦԼ̫С
һ֮󣬾ͱŹݶȥ¾ʧںڰС£˿ֻšһҰķͷֹݱߣ붼û룬Ķһӣ׷ȥ
Ǻ˲Ǹ㣬ǰķûлָʢʱڣҪ׷ϺҲСһûеȺܳǣ׷Ϻˡ
Ǻ˷ǳʶʱ񣬼״¹ݣȥƣķʲҲ뱧ݣͼ׷ȥǵ˺һУȻҵֵˡ

 44 

գҹ
ʱˮ类һŨţԶֻԼһ
ƻ߳ǴѾӣŵﱳ¨ӭźȥʱ󲿷˶˯УֻƻƶҵˣҪΪһ֮㡣
ˮ类һΧţ㣬һҼһ߷
ȻҲ⣬ƻҡ
ʵЩƻҲǳʵֻүүûн̺ʵļҲʮĵȥģȫܹˡүһ֮£ûлȻˡ̣¶ĸĹϡ
ŸôƿҲֻعѣǸҪǿģŴһǮȢ˸ϱ
үүȻ򣬲ȥĳˡȢ֮Ҳöܼ֮£һжáȻƻֻǺþƻʱմ˾ơ
ⶫҪȾƺôһЩⶫûжôǮЩĿİģҲˣѾʮˡ
֮ǰȾƻԺһСıһСʯͷ赹ˣʱڶһҲûڶձ˷ʱ϶һ㱡ı顣
̶Լ൱۰˵Ǳ̸軵ģϢ̸үүһһûлҲȥˡ
һˣƻﶼе൱ӦΪĲףͿʼͱѾΪĶ
ԣĵһʱƻҲĻָ˹˸ܼҵ⣬ǹ¶ĸúﶼһСǮˡ
ƻŵĴķ侭ԺȥСǳʶȤûзһ죬ĵĸƻ档
߳ԺӺƻСĳѵСȥϧ⹷ʮǰסҺ󣬾ûĻҲֻ˵˾ѣĸȥ
һһĬȥûƻͰС
СȺģ൱ڱŸ¯һǳԷ֮Сƻš
ƻСŵߵϣʱĺϻһǺðƵģⳡ濴ɷǺÿɾһ㡣
ֻ컹ǰģһǻɵһƬ
˺ϣƻǰСͰѱ¨ҲµĲ׽Ҳü侫û㴬Ǻ׽Щġ
ƻû洬Ҳõģûִڲ㣬׽ĵĶзָװССϺС㡣
׽֮󣬾ͻרգЩֻҪ㣬ССϺǶҪ
ԶԶĵطûʶֵƻ˵ԶֻúԶ֡
ˮȽϽĵط˶㣬Լ׽ΪǳǳĴˮֻռһĵط
ֻˮطάĵطΪֻкܶܶ㣬ĵطֻˮͼ㡣Щطֻǵһ²ˮӡ
ССϺһ㶼ǿ⵹ǷƻͿ׽ЩССϺȥˡ
ߵȥ˼Ҹǲƶ㣬͵
Ȼÿ׽˼ǮһҲȥͭǮʮٶжʮͭǮ
գƻ׬ǮǮҪȴҪ˲١ʱ򣬴񶼲㣬ż׽㣬ܶ׬Ǯˡԣڶյʱÿ춼Ҫ׽Щ㣬Ȼൽȥ
ȻƻƽԴΪϾ⿿ǮֻԼиϵһҾ¥Ƶģ¥翪һֱǲӰ׽㡣
ƻǰźϵС·ߵĿݲˮϡСǴԸ֮󣬵ڶܵˮȥˡ
ҲСʲôϡŹֵĶͻߺĽУǰǣߵᣬƻ׽㡣
գСȻܵƻǰͷСȻ̣ܵȴǷǳ죬ƻ¨ʱѾˮȥһӾǰʧ
ƻæȥʱˮͻȻСĽһæˮ߹ȥ
һǱߣƻͿҪϼˮϡ


 45 

·ֿһ㣬ֻûʹʶԺأϴʹУںڰУ·Ͳʹ
ֻǣҧһ⣬ܾȥһ˵ءִһʹУУֺݺݵҧҧ⡣Σ˫ۡ
Զİķݺһ٣׵˹İԼŲķȥ
ݷְķ˺ְۣķؿڻڹɵšǴӿռȡһȪȻѰķιȪ
ݻΪķˮȲˣѾõҪӰ˹Ů˹ҩķιȪû뵽ķһȪ͹ĿʼˣݰĿϧһ¡
һķιȪķźȹˣɫ˲١ȡһȪԼȣֻ͹ˣҲ档
Ĵ˿ֻԼĿˮ棬ԼӦòڻʳˣȻʳϲ٣¶ȣ԰ѻе
ݰѰķ¥øʵ̫ˣûһͻ˯˹ȥİķʼնûѹ

СĽƻҲѹݺͰķˡ
ݵ۾˼£΢΢ſ۾漴İķķҪۣ˳ǣ˻Ƶ̫ˣϢɣء
ԣķͷڹݻ˯СƺҲ˹˵Ļƻ󣬾˦βӭȥ
ǣƻݺͰķϵ״ҲûȵҼһ˿ڰɡ
˻Ƶллܺãһˡ
ݻﱧŰķƻƻס
һ·ݺƻͨݱԼͰķ棬ȻˮĹ¡ƻŲţͲģҲСͰķƻ֪Ҳ棬ܸƻ֮֡
·˺óóʱ䣬һƻ
պ
ҳԺˣȥҵܵûСݰ£Ȼƻĸӵ
ƻ׵ͷȥɣһȥøС
ݵͷãл

 46 

ݶ˯ķ䣬ºǰѷŸϣûдġһأͳҡ
֮СԭģķȻָ˱壬֪ķʱ򣬾в¹ķı塣˺üϻӣʶޣǺӡ
֮Ի°ķǸӣðķƢʱ̫ǰģ濴ķǴģ־òǡ
뵽ķıȻͷǰʱֻȻͷʱ˲һƬհס
ߵߣѱӸƿֻϵСֻСӶϣƤϺ¡ûסЦ˿СǰֻӶ˶Ҫһֱţֲˡ
ۿСҪװȥǿЦ⣬ˣ֪Ѿˣͱװˡ
ϵСȻ۾һһķ˺
ϢԼħצȻСĶƤϮȥһ̣СҪۼֿС͸ϡ
аһҺáҪǱƻĸӸһУɲý͡
ŪһСſ˫̶˶ٵ۾ݿСЦЦɱٽˣȻ»ᱻ˸֣Ͳ̫á
СŹݣ˵㣬ʾԷſԼ͡
ݰÿ󣬽ŰѰϵù˰ɣȺȵ
СɵİĵĺȪСһδøɸɾģȻ̧ͷ۰Ͱ͵ļŹݣһ롣
˼磬ֻһ롣С߳ŭǰֻ㣬һ¡
һᣬԹͶΪµ˹
СȻֻйְֻСȵʱȻƽƽġ
ù̲סȥһСĶƤԱСƢҪò١״̲סȥߣСĶƤ
ǣߣ̫ˣСõĺ״鲻ԽȾЦ⡣
һһռгʱżűˡݴ磬Ҫȥиţǿ԰Ѱȥ򡣡
ķŵΪԭΡϵˣͨܿõģؾƻĽ顣
ƻ뿪󣬰Ʒֱ˱壬Ȼݻһˣ¶ƤŬŬʾ⹫ݼ
ʧЦǰ̺λү죬СƤһվ˯ˡ
Ѿֹһˣİ˯ŵСرŵĵĳȥˡ
챻ƻʱͷԼԼѾڻʳˣѾͼС磬ԭϾȻû̫Ҳûûǡ
ͼСȻǸ磬Ǻ̫еġ֮󣬹ݵʱΪԼִԽˡ֪ǴԽˣؾ
ϱ˻֮󣬵ʱм䷢ʲô֪
ʱİķ˹أһֱ˯ţƻһ˯һ󣬵ҹʱѹ
ֻΪ˹أʱҲάֲλΪˡҺãʱڴҹֻйһˡ
ķάű˯ڶʱ˹ѹԼȻָ˱壬ݻڱϿšˣΪҲȪ֮¸
ڣݻʱ䷢飬ķѡֻзʵ޵棬һ޾Ȼһһʿˣʵݡ
ȻѾݸ֪Լˣķ󲿷ʱﶼָˡ
˹ÿṩȪ˵˶Ǳؾʱշ籩Ū˵ģ԰ķ˻ָûǱȽϿġˮ޸պ󣬰ķ˳׻ָ˹
ָ˹İķ֪ԼĪĳΪ˹ݵСܣݺݵǰֻӣ˹ݺһᡣǷˣһһֱڰϻ
ķݣʵǸ˲š
ṫԺӵʯϣǰƻ²ͽ˴洬
ƻȻʮˣΪӪʮͷڽ˰æ촲ʱǰѧ֪ʶרΪһ£ӷ㡣
ƻ´òˡ´һᣬ۷ŹĿݣٴʵ
ݴ磬İ⴬ˡ
ԴӰѴڣƻѾüˣѾ붯ڣֻ˵ͷ

 47 

˼պ󣬹ݶطѾһ˽⣬ˮ˶֪ؾҲ֪ʿߣҲ˵Ӧûʿߣ
طжҲ˵ȥԶĵطҲĸǣԶĵطһƬ󺣸šҲûеһȥʵҲܲ˽⡣
ݾüȻ磬ӦòûʿߡοǸǣúӦûиҼ
ˮʵֻ滷ˮ಻ɽֻΧɽŻλΣһȺҰĵ̣ǾͲ֪ˣԿ϶ľҪȺҰµçޡ
ҪϵôˮߣֻһǰС֮ŪһʯţʯŹȥһɽɽɽһɽϾһЩʯŲٴž̵ĲݣҪȥ΢ע͵ñˡ
߰ʱҾǱĴӣҪȥӻһҡȥҪʱʵ̫ˣ񶼲ܣлɵġ
ݺͰķһ£ˮߣϾ캮ض߳ȥҳԵҲס
ȻһҴƻȴûôȥ㣬ֻ򴺶涨Ҫ棬ҪȻһļڲ㣬ٶ㶼̹һ졣
Ȼò㣬ÿȥġƻÿȥ׽ССϺҲǿԵģΪ̵ССϺǾͳô󣬴Ҳ㡣
ڣƻһпգҪȥ´Ȼ۰Ͱ͵ļĵ´ȥ㡣
ķ֮󣬹ݾʹƻҰˣϾסڹѸҶв㡣
˽⵽طлģûлȥⷿӶУ˿ûⶫֻڴҸطס
ҺãĻܵĲرϡƻ£ݻһǮˮϴ峤Ͱǰ˻
ѻŪ֮󣬹ڴһԺӡ
֪ݺͰķҪȥƻǳᣬǷǳµģû˵ʲôĻջרٸڹƨɺȥæ
ŲΪ֪ĿģݾֻŪһ˯ҲֻһŴ
ҹ
ᣬķɱ壬ڴϹȥڱϴķһᣬȻվ
ֻķǿ˿ڴĹݣȻ΢Ų֮׼ݺֻһţֻСڵһݵĻ
ҺãȻȴֳһ˿棬֪ķڸ飬׼ҵǿ̣̲סƺһ
ݵͷŻСοЦСڣôˣ
ûʲôС
Ҫһ
Ǵ޲ģֻҪھͻԶС˵⣬СһһûУүܡ
ͷʾο̣ȵˣȥҳȥ·
С໵үһҲ̡
εܿģڶĩˣϾ͵ˡ
ؾҲ棬û̫ͷǣȴȻһļתϸ۲һİͺҹһطرطʱƶ͸̫һ
ԣʵֻ̫ڸס̫Ƕȴ赲̫Ĺߡ


 48 

ա
ľߵڴϰоԼӵİķҪҪһȥ
ԣķһӴӴϴȥȥȥ
ݿ˰ķһۣˣԭͣҽ˸Ǵ·
ķƲһ첻ôһСɽҲ·ɣң㲻ȥҰֵŸô£
ݺƢĽ͵Сʻ괬ɽǸʲôǶ֪ȥ̽һ¡
ķűΣͺһڼ˯أүղȥˡ
ʲôԭ״ǲʵġķȻˣ˿϶ûб
ԴӰķݷֲ֮ҰһֻҪлͻữΪ塣
ԣһҲⰲķѡȥʵҲǿһҪķȥֲӤһ벻ĸס
ãȻ㲻ȥʹڼػԼѡǷ
˵꣬ȥˡ
ķֱֻµıӣŭûȫйתͷ߹ݵͷ
ķĵ쵰Ҳ˯һ룬Īֺ
Ҳ˵󣬲ŷԼȻԼҲƽȥˡȻˣԼȻûʲôԡ
ˮ⣬Ϥ˾ƻαҲƻɽһˣתһ룬òס
ȻƻôãӦҲһСðյɽȥġƣ⺢Ҳûеɽȥ
ƻǸʮ꣬˵Ͷȥ˵ˣƻӪȻĺܡĺӰæоַǷӶͯĸо
ˮɲһСӣٶ໧ء
Ҳ˲ʱ䣬Ŵٶ໧˼ҽһǧ棬ҳһˮɽȽϤˡ
ٶ໧ǧˣƽһٵˡò˵Ŵǲһ
˵ҲǺЦ滷ˮˣȻˮ˾ǹָ·Իѹ˻ΪԻ
ˮ˴󲿷ֶƣܣһ֮ΪԻô֡ټĴֻдȥˣĶҲȥԶǸһȥ㡣
Իʮüž͸ĹŴһ㣬Ŷ£ſš
ҵʱպôɽ󱳱һֻӣͷñĴţùһӾͲµݣʡٵҡ
ѵкҪȥԣԻǳģôͻȻ뵽ȥԣ
ʵҲ棬Ϊʲô˶ϲԣЩʮüʮüͼݡЩСӾȻҲ㣬ʵⲻˣĲǷǳѪ
ݽ͵㣬е壬뵽ɽЩҰ
ǰձƻСӾµ˰ɣԻʵ
ݵͷԡ
ֲãԻԼĹǰûдԹɣ
ҡҡͷûУ֮ǰҲɽȥԡ
ԣԻȵ򵽹Ұ𣿡
ݼͷǡǳ𣿡
Իҡҡͷ漴ֵͷ˵ʵҲѣ
ݺ棬ܴ壬γԣ
Իһĵ˵ףԴǰСӾˣ
ԣаѲҰҰҪȱĵطҪòɡ


 49 

νɽ
طȴеƣ˵Ƕ졣ȴûѩ£ľ̵ģҲвľǸɿݵģҶˣĲݵǴ󲿷ֿɿݵġ
ˮɽȥʱͦģǰĸоֱԻ˴ӣӺɽ֮һƬĵأŷҪߵɽߣƵûϲʱ䡣
ʵҲˣߵɽǱʱʱˡҪǰǾ壬ˡ
Ͼֻһ㷢̣ƽһ
ԻһѺǳԾĿŹݣ֮ǰ˵ԼǰԵҰη
ЦЦܴ˵Цˡ
Ի࣬㿴ǾֻһɽԣɽǽأлȺȺرˣǾͻ𡣡
˶ɽܣ͸йأ˵ܾǰ˳ȥ㣬ƽпҲǻɽЩҰȻЩҰҰһ»ʳ
ʱɽﻹûȺ֮һȺǾͻȻɽֶˣҶ¡˾;ΧȺҰǡ
˭֪ȺҰǾȻȥΧҰǵˣ඼ҰرƻרЩȥա
ǰɽʱյø⣬ˣʱȺܵȥѴҲˡ
˵⣬Ի࣬ȺҰǷǳֻȥյȥμΧҰǵ˵ķӡ
棬ҲǷйˣȺҰǲ֣֮Ǿܵɽȥ棬ɽ֮Χ˸ǽÿ˶ҪȥΧǽ¡
ʱɽҰܵöܵܲľͱ˵ɽֱдеģҰȴû١ˣڵҰҲܵر죬ҸտʼȥʱʮһֻҰûдףһٵһᣬϲ㣬ڵ˶Ըԡ
аѹ֣֮ԲҲΪ̫˰ɡ
ݲµĲ֮ɽԽԽ٣ʱţȻɽָֻǴȴɽܵҰҰҰΪɽ¼࣬˲УϷɵȸȴǶ˲١
ɽֺ˲ٳԸȸ⡣Щȸ˵ϵĸ⣬ɴˡԸȸĽ˵ģǵĵɽøӵĻġ
ͨЩ󣬹еǰ֮ˣִʢУִֵطԶ֮ƹŴĵطʢеʱԻΪпյ˶£˾塣
ǰɽǳ󣬹ݺԻ߽ȥɽǰ˾͸ֻƵġ
˳ȥʱʱ˵ĽԻǳϤһ·϶СİԼľ֪ݡ
ʵԻ˵Ļʵ󲿷ֶ֪ļ
Ի棬濪ģ˵ĸˡ˵˵ţһˮ̶ϡ
ɽʵ̫ˣҪȥЩҰҰõǺҵģһ㶼ֱסϾҪˮģǶ֡ԻһߴŹݵƽصĵطһߵ
ɽˮ̶ÿһ׹󣬷طģһڸңòǵѣɲСԻ̾Ϣ
ʵҲִ˲ԣɽûʲôԴġƽֻҰҰܶʲôãСҪⰲǿɱѧͷϽҸӪ׬ǮȻЩٸԼȢϱ¡ԻһΪݺõӣȰ
ԣݿЦáǸϽͷͬԻĻܴ˵ǡ
ָԻ߶߶ǷǸ룬ɰġ
ԻҲûĿģȻŹݼתƣȰɽԻ֪ˮ̶תһһʱѾȥˡ
еǣתôһȦ˳ֻ󣬻ʮֻȸҰһû
ΪԻſ緹ΪЩõȥ֪Լ̫Ȼ
Ի֮ǰҲԣԶо飬ԼĿ˹ݵĿ˹û緹ԡ
Ժ緹֮ԻŹݼɽתơ·ϣ˲ٳ֮ĶǰԻЩҩˮϣЩԼ͹ݽһЩȻЩԶ㡣


 50 

ķϰˡⲻһ磬Ӿ׼ʱĳ˿ճǼơ
öС쵰ôķſڴϰ
ᱻķŵĹݣͻȻͣǰԻָұߵĲ·ڵ壬ȥǱ߿һ°ɡ
ԻͷϹΣݾԼտ϶ֿտյĻȥҪķЦ
ɲУԣݾԼһᣬŷɽҪֶˣҲ١
ֻЩǳǧһ㣬ԻûпЩһѾˡ
һʼΪЩһ￪ǣŷЩһԭȸͨ籨š
ÿЩһܵݾͷһȫɫͺɫ񡣻ͷӹоһ
ͣǲԶĵطˣȻ³
ѹ֣Իֻˮ̶á
ԻԳ˼һᣬһڴӦҲԵġ
˴ŰӣһСɽ£Իɽߵĵطһ飬ȻҲ
ֻԴ֮һ̶ֱĵܣÿ׽ֻˡ˶Ӳ㣬ǰÿδ絽ɽԣժҰҰˡ
ϸһᣬΧֻҰһҰá
ΪǶգҰһȡůҰҲǶ˯ṫݻǵĺ
Ұɫʵ̫ùָԻԼľ飬ҲǼֻҰ
ָָԼҡҡͷԻ˲˼Իָʾ
ݵ˵ͷ״Իĵ뿪ŵĿҰȺǡ
Ի뿪󣬹ݵҲŵҷ߹ȥ
ǣչں䣬ֻ˯÷ǳݰֻʱСһŴ
Ӳϵֻ˼£ǾͲҶˣһֻ䣬Ҳۣûֿܹӣֻð
ﶯȽСûӰ쵽Իֻ⼸ֻҰҪֻӴˣһֻû˯ʱ̹۲Χ
ԣûеԻߵʺķΧʱȺͿʼӡ״Ի漴ѡһֻҰ׷ûҰɥԻ¡
ԻҰߣҲ׽ֻҰáЦſ佱С治
ҡͷЦѡ
վɣȻȥΣԻʵ
ݵͷͷûշڻأøϽȥС
Ϊ˴лԻյİæݰһֻ͸ԻԻҡҡͷƾܵ˳֮Ͱˣô
ݵӦõģܴ㻹°ɡ
Իû¹ݵҰá
˶еĻţЩڼҴסģܵеĵ⣬Щ̼һȡůһġЩ˴඼Ǽǿ׳֮ˣһЩʹСˡ
ݸԻɽеģ˶ԼĹݽܲԵҰ
ȻҶŹԵҰǶĲˡԣṫҰôӰ߹ҶһΪԻġ
ǲ֪µģκȺм֪һ˵˵ر
̲סȥ⼸͸󡣼˹ûв˼ǰ߽һߵǰͷֻԼ׽𣿡
ݵͷʾǵġ
̲ס⼸֮ǰǸԻܵɽȥģһȥ˺ü죬Ұëûһ
ݵһνɽջ񣬼ĵĽֶʼɡղǸʹݵǸֵ꣬Ҫȥɽ𣿡
ԣа϶Ҫȥģֻȥһɽֱȥڶɽ治ɫĲĵȥ
ɻΪʲô
ɽ̫Զ̫١
̾ɲǣ
ͬЦѵɽǱƨ
ЦǲǷʰ˵˶ٴˣҵûдҡ
˵˵ţһšЦЦȻؼҡ
æ˼ĵͷ
ݸһ߽Ժӣһ˷ɿɱھһ֮Զʱķʱͣ£űӵʲôζء
Լţûŵζ˵ţһֻӣҲûзĸطɾġ
ķűӵŵɧζ
ԣһ㶣ķ鲻١ϸϵζûŵ
ѵմ𣿡ķɻ漴ֵһӣǲǴմġ
εһ֪ɧʲôζҲ֪
ķüͷԼıһһ㿿Ҿֻ֪ϴģϽˡ
ҡͷܾǵĿ
һ˵ķԼ緹ûгأϽˣȻҶˣҪˡ
ݲ⣬ΪʲôҪӵꣿ
ķͷֻӱһֻǵˣȫɧζŵҾҪ¡
ķľǺ֮꣬ôŵǱһֻĸߥ޵ġɺޣֻĸΪһֻĴޣֻС̵鷳һҪ
ĸΪҪȰķ߲٣ÿΣķԿö֮Ϳʼꡣ
֪ԭ󣬹ЦЦȻҪˣҪǳԵ൱һֻʳֻ϶Ҫ
ķ˼ᣬͷͬе漴ҡҡͷܵҲϲɧζ
ʱӵȪˮ϶µֻζЦ
ķһѶӣֻӱһ⣬˵ǰ龰һ¿ˮЭǺðɣҪӵȪ
Ȫζ治һζȻȪ԰ķûʲôãÿնùݸȺüȪˮ
ȻֵգҲڵš񣬻֪˵Щɿݵĵݣˡ
մƻҰƻ⵽˵ժһѵˣ˲ǰɹĸɲ˻ˡԣһʱǶóûв˳ԡ
ݰֻӶ׵һֻɲһһֻһ⣬һ
ķڴԵֵĹȥŵζ̲סյܵȥ
ṫݸպȻζζҲ
ķŵζͷһ壬ܡ
״ݳ£ָŪõķ˵Щ˳ȥ
ķ۾˹ݺüۣﶼǲš


 51 

ķһ뵽ҪˣתȥԹԵİѷ˶˵ȥ
ŰķСŲ˵ӣݱ߳Ųˣ߷İԼǴԽһٵɣΪʲôĵĸо
ݵÿռʱͷ˸ƿҶ½ţ˵ӿʼڽµľ󲿷¶飬˰ķ
ǰ֮ǰ۵¶鶼ķȵ⼸һСƿ
ݷֿռȪˮƺҲ࣬Զӡǵķĳ̶ȣ֮ǰֱӷ̶ˮһЩҶµ¶ȥ
ķŷ룬ڴڵĳ⣬ݣЦۣС쵰ԽԽˡ
ЦҪҪҵ°ա
ķһᣬڻգ
ݿһۣ̽ѽҰ㵱¿ġ
ķһڷǸһСܣ̺ϴҲǴүҡ
漴ķֵԸôСܣӦøж¡
ݸǻĸл㰡Ҫûûˡ
ķӦúúñүҡ
Ц֮Ӧ
ķһ㶣漴ϲү
ЦЦҪǲϲ㣬ôһ顣
ķҪ̺򱾴үȻøһ𰡡
ݿһϻİķ۵ĵţԣûԵġ
ԣķڴڵĳ⣬ѹݵĻɶ߷硣ֲˣԿ춼УôԾôԡ
ķƣղŹ˵Ļһ㶼ûзϡ
˰ķ뷨ֻ׷֮·
ա
ʱ򣬾ͱһͷСǰˮɽ
ȻҪԼĿģһʼʹӿٶȣȵɽʱԼֻһʱ䡣
죬չҪǱ٣󱳵·ʪˣϺˮҲͣ
ķű壬״ߺߵҲ̫ˡ
Σͷǡϲˣĸоɻеܡ
΢Ϣһᣬɽߣһ֮һΧǽ¡
ˮ˹ˣΧǽָֿߡݿһ£߳߸ߣ߿ΧǽֱӴĺ޵ұߵĺߣرΰ
ڵľ磬Χǽǲڻ¡ѻС§󣬱Ծǽͷ
һ͸ܵһѹɫһ䣬û뵽Ȼޡ
ݳһ£ȥȥˮϾôĴûдŹһȥ֪Ǻǻ
ʱķˣݱɻڷʲô
ݰԼĵǸ˰ķЩޣЩܵȥ񡣡
ķ˼һᣬǷǳпܡ漴ıᣬֻ۾һȻӹݻ뵽һ⡣
ݸӵģʵʲô⣿
أ׽һͷʵ޳ؾȥҸεĵطҰ׽ͿԸ֣ȲˣͰ˳ԡķ˵⣬һҵı鿴Źݡ
ݸû˵ԼղҲ뷨ǳģ˰ķһᣬֵðķβһ˦һ˦ġ
ķҲûֵҲűһ۹ݣȥˣȥɡ
ķȻտرûף»൱зִġ
ûã͸ҵһͷʺֵޡ
һͷϻޣޱȵϻͷҪֻǣϵĻҲҪ٣Ƿǳǵӣ޵һƬǣͷ޻ûпǡ
޹˼ⰲķڱϣֻһߵͺţһٵأرıꡣ
ûĥߴϮȥ޻֪Լˣһӭȥ
ݲûΪаķڱϣͱŽҵÿһγȫԸ
ңһԹϵҲʣɥΪ
󣬹ݴӿռȡһȪˮ£κȪˮЧãڿٵĻָš
бүķ緶ķ֣޵
ڵϣԣվŪ޷ŵռݸһЦȻȥɣҪȻ±Ͳ̫ý͡
ķͷΪΡǰŹݣôҵķϣүһѡ
ݰϲ⧲ŲһµĲӿķġ


 52 

ݺͰķˮ籱ɽܡ
һӺ󣬹ݷԼ֣֮ǰĽҪˣľҲһ׶Ρ
ùݿĵǣĸͷһܣҪӽǰߡ
ķճȥݴһͷޣҪȹ١
⣬ϹҲˡαһκֵʱҪضˡһʱ
һΪҪҳ֣ɱˡķվһߣ°͵
ݿЦһ£ܵ˱ϴܵ˻Ҫز١
ڹݴӿռȡһȪʱԼؿںһůůؿڿʼɢͷֲӣ˫ȡ
оԼڱ޸ůһַǳĸо·ӤĸůĻһ
ķ˸°ͣôҿɱ㡣
ЦЦһ˫۾ķ˵šǼǵðķ֮ǰסɽͷһȷѡ
뵽ռѣݾ̲סЦķһҲżģÿλΪ壬ֺֻֻ£С
ݰӵͦɰģģڻҪǻɳǰСǾͲܷģҲ㡣ķҪǻʵı壬²Ҫѹ
һ֮󣬹ݸоԺ˲٣ӿռȡһ¶ȪˮȵⱭȪˮ֮ԵĸܵԼøˡ
ķ˹쵽ǰߴٵˣĥߴˣһô졣
ЦЦסķ֣վȻ޸յռȥ
ʱգܵķģڵĸܾʹš
ǻؼһصļʱҪȻƻŷûڼңе㲻ý͡
ƻһѵĲˣ磬磬Ҹˡ
ȻѾһ·ƻʶľ뵽ƻ
ķǰֹʡҪӳȥ
ݿǻô
ķüͷ۵ӳȥָҶΪǱŰأȥţȥͺá
ݿҪӲİķĲ񻰣ǲԾЦУȻȥţ㵽׽ļֻҰֻƻɡ
ԣķֻֻܾҰԽƻԼãͷ֪ˣϽȥŰɡ
ķƻƻĴף磬أ
˯ءķ˵
ƻɴ۾˯𣿡
ǲҵĻ𣿡ķõ
ƻæҡͷҰѲõɡ
ķͷ˵ָŽ伸ֻҰ㹫ݴ磬ֻûȥ
ԣƻа˵˯𣬲û˵ڡƾһ£һķãлл硣
ֻҰǱٰʵʵģΪ˷ֹ⼸ֻҰҽУǶŪˡ
ԣƻֱȥþͺá
¡ķָֻֻֻĸúʱ⼦µġ
ƻԣðķָֻ
ƻѼൽԺָķ˵˼仰뿪ˣȥ׽㣬Ȼϵȥ
ƻ뿪󣬹ص˿ƻıӰƻ˲١
ƻûйϵӸȥǾˡ
ķһ۹ݣ鲻õǣǶˡ
ݸοϴҲߵģڶûг꣬ߵġ
ǹİɣķϻ˻ȭͷ
״治ɫķֲĶȭͷķ˵Ҳûġ
ȻݲϾˡ
գһʱݻһ·ʱ󲿷ʱŵģȷʵеء
ݶˡ
ķȻҲǸɣƺ֮ǰ̫磬Ƶġգ緹緹ԣֱ˯ʱ
˯գݵָĲ˿ΪȪԵʣϵİ̺ʱͱǳϸ
ԱѹŴ򣬹ݱǿľ͸ǿˡһãȲɴҪȥ޶
ķƺر⹫ֿǿСܣԹĸʺֵޡ
ʱһΣչȥˡʱ乫ݸŬ˳ɹѾǺʮء
лҪ˵ȴղ*^_^*

 53 

ÿڹرʱֵؿڶһůůڸ壬ԽԽý
˺һʱ䣬ŷůҶε¶йء
ȶչȥʱݵľѾǺʮءʱҲ׼뿪ˮȥҳȥ·
֪ݺͰķҪ뿪ƻĿˣû˵ʲô
뿪֮ʣݺͰķˮϿôʱ䣬˲ɽܣˮ˶ṳ̂ˮ硣
Ҫʲôȱģƻæ﹫ݳͶιķżҲƻͶιһ£Ǻʱƻۿɼĳ˳ˡ
գƻŹݺͰķˮȥ
һ·ȥߴ󲿷ֶǻɽҰ룬ֱˮʱӲŽҲԽԽ֡
·ϵҲʼǹݺͰķò̫ڳɫϵѿҲرأ˶͵͵ĿǣָǱž롣
Щ˵С˶Ȼǳ侲ûбӰ쵽ķһĨ΢ЦΣٷ硣
ƼݵļСﶼ̲סߺ״ķżգգۡ
Сɫ˳ͨ죬ߵֱͷ
ޱĿķк޲ð׽˺úýѵһ١
ķһʱ䷢ֹݵߣôʼɱү
޻˵
ҲǳӢ˵˵ٷ磬ǫǫһƻ
ķƻʲô
ƻаϷҸŮִӵܡȴ粻˭Ƿļѹӡ
ķĿһƻСӣͦ˵ġ
ƻ˼ͷֻʵʵ˵
ԣķЦøˡ
·ϵǶԶûķƻ˵Ļ
Ȼǿ϶ﰵӣķһ۾ͷϵĲݰݰȱĲݰҪ΢ÿһЩðǷǳÿ
ؾȹлҪ󣬾һӶʳǰѹû˿ˮǵطˮǵطʵ̫ˡ
ˮķڵĹҵĹŴǳһһ˹ڳ˺ӣ˺Χǽ
ֻΧǽȻмͤӣƻ˵ƽʱûŵġ


 54 

治һȻҲǰĴţȴøǮؾֻҪţȡһǮһģʮġ
ϵ˲٣ǰķҲǴүļӣĶ
Сһ۾СԣΣǳǰǳԺòųģ֪ĻΪڼﲻԵġ
ķƻվһС̯ǰ棬̯ϰŸߣװģҲóǩġ
һźüͷľ̿ȼţˮģ˶ջС̯ǳ̯ӵļæòֺ
ƻ촽˺ܴľģתͷϵİķ͹ݣ磬磬ǳԵɡ
ҡͷȻЩɫζȫֻЩһ㶼Բȥ
ȥ԰ɣҾͲˡݵ
ԣķҲϻֱǰʮ⡣
һ˱Ͼв⣬öȣķƻ͸һ
׻˵Ҫ׽ס˵Ҫץס˵θԣƽпеʱ򣬹ݶоһ²ףЩʳͶιķ
Ͼ͵죬ƻܵǮȥ˵أͰϵĻˣԺֵز㡣пʱͻݺͰķܣһȥҲϹʳ
Եһ֮ƻ̾óԣóԡ
ķΪͬĵͷ
Ҳûǰϵ⴮Թˡ
״ݲ˵ʵԡ
ƻȻСʱͿʼΪûǮԵʣûһһӵģԳ˼ȥĵطʵҲ̫ϤԣֻĿĵߡ
ķƻ˶СԣճһǶġ
ᣬϸһӵߡ
ἸߵһȽϿĵططĴһ㳡ֻطˣҶΧڹ㳡Χ໥̸ţȻ˶൫ȴر֡
ܼҴСˣ
㳡ΧǶʱ
˺ĿĵطֻһλŮ㳡ģ㳡һľ̨ӡ
Ůߵ̨棬Ȼ˫ʾҰ󣬿ڵشҶ֪ܼҴһ̶ӵȥ
ȺмӦ͵֪վΪ˶
ܼҴС㿴һۣȻˣСŮҲ˵ˣҿʼɡ
䣬кüٸһͬϹ㳡漴ٸ˾Ťһⳡ濴쳣ҡ
㳡»вΧۣ˶ǳ棬ƻһСꡣ
ԭŮڵܼң̶ǰǣȥǵ·̫ңԶ·ϻǿޡܼҵ˾ֻӶؽӶһֺõ


 55 

ϳļٸŵģҲʮһġ
һӣϵĴ󲿷˶ˣӦûһˡ
ķƺǳϲֳ棬ͨˣƻҲ⣬űϵ໴С
ݶûʲôȤϾֲ꣬ʵװѪӡ
ǻҪҳȥ·⸽ķ̽һ飬ûʲô֣ǵõٿһĵطϢࡣ
ԣ̶ӵͦȤġطͰķ̫ϤҪ̶ܸһߣǿ߲ԩ·
Ĺּˣ뿪һᣬţǡ
ķƻԹԵĵͷ״ݰȥȻķףƻء
ҵܴСɻĻͷ˿ͼһźµվڼԱߡ
ֻͶ֮ŹüĿͦǱƷòɷ
㣬ңܴСǰ
ЦЦң
ܴСɻĿݰԼ˵һ¡
˵Ҫ̶ܼǰǣܴСʵ
ݵͷǵġ
ܴСЦЦ˼ûа취Ϊεǣֻܼҵ̶ӣб̶ӡ
ȻܴСû˵꣬Ҳ֪ʲô˼ҲǱϾ¹ش˽ȥȷʵе㲻á
ܴСѹݴһʵһ𣿡
ҡҡͷңһһѡ
Σݲ˵ķԼܵˣϾƭƭƻСӻԣǰܴСɲúŪ
ܴС˼ᣬ˴СĵܵҲҪȥ˵ҵܵܵ顣
ԣҡҡͷǸǲԸ⡣ðķһȥ飬룬Ҳ֪һ϶Ҫš
ܴСЦЦҲûǿ󣬡ǲ˼Ұﲻˡ
ҡҡͷðˡ
ڹ׼ʱ㳡ǱͻȻһ󱥺ʹĲҽ뵽жʹࡣ
ܴСɫһ䣬Ҫ㵽Ϊֹ˭ôڳˡ
ݺܴС㶼ԼͬĿ㳡Ǳߡ
һ۾ͿǸϤӰ˲Ǳˣǰķ֪ΪʲôһɲõԤиͷ
鵽ûйǰ㻵߻Ǳߡ
ԭڹ뿪󣬰ķƻĹԹվԭĵطվţȻ㳡ϵĻս
ڹ뿪ãһ˱ӹ㳡֪ǲɺϣ˱ӵķƻߣӶ˱ӵԱߡ
صӰ쵽˰ķƻ˿ϻսķƻĵط
ûվһᣬ˱ӵɵҲ֪йӦˣܿڳҳǸӵˡ
˼ķƻע⵽ǣͳ¶һƵЦݣ漴ŵˣ˦ȥ
ķȻƻ㿪ˣ˼״ǵûְһ׽ӹȥ
ٺõƢܲˣοǰķһըļһ
ķһ˦Ҫƻ㳡ȥ
Χ˼״һ£ķŭ壬û飬ֱӰȸ߶ϣȻ¹㳡
ܴСȺԶŲŲƳλ߹ȥ
ݵŰķԽܴС첽ķ߹ȥ
ƻûмɣǶ˻ƵģɵվڱϡֱݹһҵĹǣæܹȥȻԹ˵һͨ
ƻ˻ҵĺܣ˵Ͳ֪ƣ˵رǺŵܴСҲ֪ô¡
ǰܴС㵱˰֮ȥȻǰķǸ
ķһû˵ʲôԾĴӳ
ǰĵûб
ķ˹һ񣬿˭أһٸСү۾գһµġ
սûнܴСվܼҹ涨㵽ΪֹɣɺҪǹŪˣԲܼҿ벻𡣼ȻڻûѡһˣҼɡ
ϵ˼ܴСߵķǰһֵǸǸΪǸ⣬ɷСŮƲϾ¥
ķһӾܾ˵¥۾һ¥оƣ
ܴСͷЩȻȻô֮Ϊ¥¥ܼҵģܼҵľƾǸǳ֮
ľƵ֪ǣǻҪˮʵ벻ףΪʲôķϲֶ


 56 

оƣķȻһӦ
ܼҴСЦЦ˿żߵľ¥
ݼ˸ܼҴС󣬺ܿߵ˱ϵľ¥
ȻǾ¥¥ȴŪ÷ǳţ¥Ūɵġ
滹˲ٻݲݣȾһΪ֮¡
ڹӡ˺ȾƶһЩţǷǳģﵹǸִһЩ߶ŵľƵ 
¥ʱݾŵһɵľ㣬ζƵζһĪһҪǹζǾǺþƣȾƵˣ̲סһڡ
뵽պȵһھƣݾüͷʵڲףôǾƣ÷Jˮ
ͬڹݣķŵɾζͻܼҴС˵ʵԣȹεľƣζƺš
ܼҴСС˺ɫİһǳİ䣬滹黭
ݺͰķƻܴ֮СſλţȻ֡漴мźȹŮӣžƣ¾Ʋ˽
ܴСŰķЦЦһƵλӣڸղð֮£СŮԷʾǸ⡣
ķڰ֣ν²£㲻öұǸ
ܴСҡͷⳡսܼǣܼôҲ˹ϵ
ķͲǰ˼ˣǰȫĵעƸסˣܴСĻ
ЦЦλѲǰƽ֮ˣο±ܼҸϵܴС㲻õġ
ܴСЦЦȻˣҾͷˡ
롣ܴСһƣķЦЦ
ݣķƻ˲ԼͬǰľƱ
ܴСҲǸˣͷһȫȵݼ˼״ҲһڰѾƹܱܲһŮ
һ̣ķһھȫ³£ߵʲô
Ȼľƣ¿ڵһ̣ݰ
ƻЦ磬ûкȹ𣿡
ܴСǾʧ룬ôˣ
ķ͵ľƶ³󣬿Ҳ̫Ѻ˰ɣ
תһ룬Ҳ̲סЦСһֻϲˮ
ƺûܼҴСһʱ䶼֪Ǻá
ݺĵĽΧܴС㣬˸һˮɡ
ܼҴСɻĽһ漴ӦͷŶá
ȥλŪˮվܼҴСߵѾߣæܵȥ
ݿŬ¾Ƶİķðɣ
ķá
Ƭ̣Ѿ߾һˮݴȥʾ뿪
ݰˮݸķȵˮķæùൽ
ܼҴС㻹㶵ģܼҴС͵˼֮ǰûкȹơ
ܼҴСɫȻҿǲܡ
ķ˵ˮûô֮󣬱Ѻȣ
ƻɫͨ磬ĺܺúȣҹõľơ
ķ˸ۣݵҲܺȵȥ
ЦЦϲ־ơ
Ǿ𣿡ķ˵ҩҪѺȣ
ܼҴСһãȻ޴ӣݳܼҴС㱧Ǹ˼Ƴȥɡ
ܼҴСɫĵ
ŶŶǼѾƳȥɡܼҴС㷴Ӧ
Ѿƶȥ֮󣬰ķСһҲ֪Լղ̫ʧ
ܼҴС㿴ɫæƵԼȥ˼СŮӿǲܡ
ԣкЦ̯ϰķˣܼҴС㵹ͦùġ
ǸܼҴСƺָֻƵģЦλӦûûг緹԰ɡ
˵ܼ꣬ҴС㿴ϵѾߵȥôֺòˡ
ݻźܼҴС̸̸̶֮£ԣû˵ʲô
ƻͰķһݵģûҪߵ˼Ҳɵš
ûȹݿڣܼҴС뵽λǷ֮ˣ
ݵͷҲ֪ղǼ˻սȫһûʲôϡԣӦûʲô֮˵
ܼҴСģӦˣֻЩ˱Ƚ䡣
ݵͷϣܼҴСһ֪ɷλ̶ܼӡģλӲʱʱ̶̿ţֻҪ̶Σʱǻһ¼ɣǺܼұл
ķҲ룬Ҫҡͷܾ״ݰţԣֻҪ˵ȥΣ
ܼҴСһȻѹָղŹҪ̶ӡ漴һڴӦȻġ
ݼӣһ˼׶ԷˡһԷͲ֪ʵ֮ǰǲ֪顣
ϵİķƻһãȻĿŹݺܼҴСˣƺȫ֪˵ʲôƵġ
ƻãȻ磬ʲô֮ˣͰ֮ˣ
ЦЦûʲô
ԣƻ֪£ݲͣû׷ʣȻ󰲾Ĵһߡ
ķȻһãȻôˣҲϰ˶ӵ鶼Ӹȥʱʣݾͻ͡
ȻλӣԸй¶ݣ𣬾˵λСŮԶݣɷ񣿡ܼҴСʵ
ݵͷԡ
ķ㲻һԵĿհףݣƺΪʲôҪ̶ӡ
˲˼һȥ͵顣
״ķֻðס˼ܿ˼ͱСϵζסˡ
ķӺܺף״ܼҴСԳԵЦЩܼҾ¥ƲˣλӶ˰ɣȳ԰ɡ
ϵƻͰķųԣܼҴСһǰ֮¡
̶ںճʱݺͰķǸܼСүߣȻܼҴСҲһƥ
ȺǴԼĶͺãʳܼһṩġ
Ժ÷ܼ֮ҴСˣϾȥֹ㳡ϵ顣ķƻ˾ûû湻ŹݱʾҪ档
ݵײˣװһ쳾Ĵ壬ЩֵǴͬС죬ûʲôټߡ

ƻͰķһһ䣬Ͱ
ɫƫʱݲŰƻͰķСһ
ķƺòˣʵΪʲôҽĳ
ķȻǸޣ˶꣬ͷմһЩ˵ϰԣֻרȾϰȾƣǮ
ΪʲôΪǶҵǮǿ
ƻ಻ͬķȥǮ˵ұӣǶĸģȰ磬ĲǺ£ģȻͻҼһ


 57 

ԣķߺû˵ʲô
ݺͰķȻһ죬һǴޣһǻǾܺãûƣ֮С
ƻͲһˣ˾񱻿籩ŰСһˣ˿ûɵġ
ݾһţȥպýմţҲϣǿȥ
ƺЩ飬ỹûŪãü˴ǰָţȥˡ
Ҳûеȶã͵ȵţֻϾȻŸԹȥӡ
ݼˣݼһᣬȥˡ
ƻ󣬳һᣬʳ˿ڣ壬ǣ
ҡͷҲ֪˱úõ·ģȻͻȻǰ·ϣҿˣûһ֣ͷӾͰܹ
ݴһӵ˿Ƕεģˮȸιˮ
ͷһ¹ݣСӻ˿
ҡͷֻǸպ֪ιȥʲôӡ
ƻˮûУˮˮ𣿡
ܼҴС֮ʱΪǸ˵⣬ܼҴСƻһУװľǾˮһЩˮȻǸķ
ƻ֪лˮһ˵֪ģΪˮ
ݵͷԵģˮҰɣ
õˮ󣬹סӵ°ͣ򿪣浹ˮȥ
ܻڣˮһ֪ʣһƿˮ۾˶漴ѹ
ѹӻЩãȻüΧãȻ˭
ƻӰٺã󣬲Żشղ·ߣ·߼ġ
ƺѹҲ֮ǰ飬æ壬йݼл
°͵İ׺ӣЦл֮͡
ʱӵĶɬĵͷ漴̧ͷʵгԵ𣿡
ƻǳŹݵĻѹڰ﷭ԵĶŵһֻռ
æҵĽӹмлл
ӳԵֻռʱƺź˲٣Ȼʼ˵Լ֣ҽ裬ǴӸġ
ӻһصǺҵӻкһģֻã·ޡ
˵⣬ӿȻҵӻкӣͱ޸ˡ
⣬ƻһͬĿǰӣݺͰķ޸С
ƺҲû⵽ݺͰķ˵飬һݵӡ
ȵλ壬ңһڷԣԸţдŸҵüңһؽл
ȻһڴӦȻ˼Ѿ׼һڳԵġֵ׳꣬Ҳɰæ
صʱ״̬ƺ˲٣˴ʱƻݺͰķ˾ʹţ
ķӻƻķӣ嶼һϡ
ܿ죬ݺͰķߵԺǰ档
ݿ˿ܣûʲôˣߵİķûоøղЩ֣
ķҡҡͷɻĿݣγԣ
ԣʧЦû뵽Сһﻹнôʱ˼һ˵·Ȼǳ൫ȴûʲôζ
ķ˸ۣ⣿
޲ǵһϾ׳Ȼкζġݽ͵
ķԼգһգҲûмƻг
ķ漴ֵο׽޶ܾܵء
룬ҲǡϾҲûʲôֵõǵģοϴ·ƺˡ
Թ
ķԼҪˡ
ķһ䣬ɭɭģ˵ΪʲôҪţүһĽͣϾ˯ذϡ
һ㶣Ӧ̲סЦ
ķ߳ŭһȵϣŭЦʲôʲôЦģ
Цһƽһ£ŵôвҵ˿ġ
ݸĸһԻϲԩңְƽǶŪ裬豾һŮӣְִ֮󣬾ͽһͷĸϻ
ÿ֮趼в֣˯ذ壬ǹͼ̡
ݲͰķһִӣÿΰѰķǻ֮󣬰ķ͸һ˯ɳ̻
㻰أķŭʲô飬һӣ
ݳ˳ǣ֮߰ԺȻԼ뷨߰ķ
ķ˼һᣬеڹǰŤĺܣӲξˣ´Լȥɣ
ԣæ֤ĵã´һȸ
˻ȥ󣬰ķһɣͻΪ˱壬Ȼ˯ȥ
Ȼ֪ķ¶Ŷ˯һݻñӸסķ¶Сӡ
󣬹ݾڱϴÿնµĹΡ
֪ˮǰȫģֻÿξ˯ʱȫ˯ģһ˿ע
˵ǰС˵ߵӾʱǲ˾Ȼ빷ʱʱ̿עΧֱ飬ŷԭ
ᣬϰԵķֳһ˿ԼǧΧ
Ǵ켴٣֮ǰȣҹˮ˲٣ЩСŪ졣
뵽յӣݰעŵҡ
˿ڿɲ٣ϰ飬ĸӣĸӶȢϱޣǸֻһһŮ϶ŮˣСǸŮһӡ
һƺ࣬ĵġ


 58 

ڹݴעתƵĵطȥʱҵĲ񷿼Ҵ죬ʶöһ£һ·뵽Ȼӡ
˵,Ӧ˯÷ǳǣϾգӦ÷ǳۣĻо˯ʱ
ӲѹŲСģƣ֮˱ȳ·Ҫ΢Щ
ݴ״̬ѹԼעϣ֪ӽվ;ӹֵֹģû뵽汻¶ˣˮ磬ĿĲ
ڹݵ֮£ӵһһĶУĺǲܿڵΣҲʲô
һ̣Լ½СﴫĻ߹ӻ¥һʲôҲȴƵġ
Ϊھ˯ӵĽŲԽԽᣬӾÿ̫̫ѡߴ񷿱ģʲôûУšΪӵĵļϱ˿Ʋڸһ¡ĴҼľŪϣȻٹЩӸ
ڹݵĸ֪£ӴӴ󣬾ֱԺǰĴȥ˼һᣬȥ󣬿ӾʲôϾǲȫЩʲô
ѾǺʮأҪɫ׷ǸȫߵԽԽ죬һ˯İķƿ˳ȥ
ݴһ˲䣬ķ֪ˣȻڹݿ˯÷ǳĳʵֻǱԴӵؾ֮ʱ޿ûעΧ
ǰǾܹݸȥֻദˣǲľи飬Ҫ˵ʱհ̺÷ǳɲһ⣬ʧȥôһСܡ
һķҲ֪ռЩֻӷǳװûпȻֱӺΣաֻǣҲûϷֶ⡣
ʵӦֹݵģֻķҲǷǳʲôͷι¡
뵽⣬СӱϢĸ˹ݡ
Ҳ־ٵȥ繫ȷʵ⣬ʵһʿľڵİķҪߣԪӤΪֻʮǰͻƵġ
ʮǰˮ粻ԶһСͻơͻƺظصǡȥʱþˮ磬ʵʱҲˮ磬ֻʱˮһͨСӣΪľˣȥˮ˵
û뵽ˮȻһţʱһϲȥһ̽û뵽󷨾Ȼ²
־ʱͷǳƣΪΪ̫ߣ󷨲赲ԣѹ˾磬У˺üַӣǲС
ˮĴ˿ûܵκӰ֮ʱ¹Ƶû˿ΪĲ֮˲ܽȥ
뵽ʱҵһֵҩֵҩǿʿΪɸɾһºֵҩͻʧȥЧãʿΪͻָ
ڣǿ־һʼͰͷ֮Ժսʽ΢ܰһԪӤΪܲƵƶҲһָͷˣĶƵô룬ֱӷ
־ǸɢޣҪĶȫϣ˼ܱĶպǵҩûзϣԣûȥŵҩĶȥõҩ
ѾԪӤʿˣȥõ·̱֮ʱ˴룬ʮĹ˸ǡ
ֻ־Ǻرãŵҩˮʱھˮ缸ɽͷĵطһҪһʿ
ʿϵļıַ־һˣ˺ɵĳ֡
־֪Ǯ˲֮Ѷʿʿʶ࣬Ȼ˵ҪŹȴǲ飬˹
ʿ־Ϣȣ֪־ͻƲãԾУû뵽־ӵ
ò˵־ǳӽˮϡ
иأڷǰ涯ҲɱˣҪȻͻᱻķĨɱҲˣҪǿǵɱˣһĨɱ
ö֮͸˴ĵطμʿ׶ǰʾ󲿷˶֪ط䡣
һǣ־ͰĵҩԵԴӱʿ׷ɱ                        
лҪ˵ղ*^O^*

 59 

ˮ־ѵҩ£һΪѾʧҲ˱ɸͨˡڵһμʱķŻϵ
ܿ칫ݺͰķһǰһ׷־Ȼ־Ϊʧڵ廹ȻԪӤʿһǹ룬ˮݡ
·ٶҲͨ˿룬ԣܿеĿĵأһɽҪˮĴ⣬ͻᷢطġ
־֮ǰ۲콫֮ʱɽ֣ʱֻ֮ʧ
ԣȵֺʱҵȻöһ졣ɲˮයøһºҪɽǰ磬Ȼ͵ꡣ
ԭƬأ˴ĵطĵطμطƽﻹһϸÿϾͻῪһСӣ໥ͨʮ֮Сֻ¹ϡ
Сڵطڽɽطͨ˵һأΪֹʿ˵Ǽһ԰ȻǶнΪʿ˵ڽµʿطǷǳΣյġ
ʮСܵ䣬ЩһЩ˼ĸɽУر˿ⷲʵ൱һؾ
־һɢޣϸûмͻƵıŻܵѰͻ֮û뵽ʮҹͻ֮
һ𵤺ڵô౦ǰɽⲻŸ߱ʿ١Էһֱͻ£Ȼûҵı㹻ͻ¡
ݿͣ˸صĵط
һСײһ£û˿⣬ҲͰСһȻͷϤС
ɫ֮ʱ־ûԥֱһɽιȥ
ݱСһߵ«έ߳С˾ʲô
ķڹݻﹰ˹뿪˵漴͵ĴӹݻΪΣңɽû뵽Ȼ
ȻûҲû壬ȻǸӦɽ
ķֱ˱壬Źݵšȥ
Ȼ赲ƾڵĹﲻţˮƶչ˺Լԣֻõͷ
ķõӦ󣬺ȥ
һȾ͵ȵɫˮ綼дż׼ˮȥɽʲôʱɽﴫһ죬ɽΪʯ
аã˿Ҳ˲ģһ̰ķӺ˳һץסߣ漴ķ˹ȥ
˱ţٵԺȥò˵һ·ǾȻûˣ˳ĻصԺ
صԺӺ󣬹ӿռȡȪˮķȡںһȪˮ󣬰ķ˹³üѪ
ķЦһ£Թݵдˣһָߣ֪ʲôʱ˵˵ţһѪ㡭
۾ȵĿŻС˫ֲϵĨķϵѪ˵ˣһκõġ
ǳŲסˣķǣǣǣ¶һЦЦ飬˹ȥ󻯳ɱ壬ֻйưС
ûзԼڱ˵Уɽ¹ƴﶼ֪ˣƴ˹ȰѰķȰúãȻԼʰһ¡
ڹݸջһɾ·磬磬Ű
һ飬ŵƻôô͹Ϊղ𣿡
ƻͷǺɽˣҪҪһȥ
ҡҡͷղ㰲ˣƢأȰ緹ŪãҾͲȥˡ
ðɡƻ
ˮ˼ʶ٣ȻϵݺͰķйءοи־ǣɽȫȥˡ
ֻ־ˣֲʱݣԣɽûһ죬˾ûۣһΪ˶ʼǣٵɽ
ɽĵ˲㣬˷Ѻʬ巢峤ż˾Щ
ƻݸ㣬Ȼûƾܡ
ò˵ˮĴǷǳǷǵûй壬еίľһ˻ȻĻ죬жӰ


 60 

աɫ֮ʱݾͱų˯İķ뿪ˮ磬ˮϡ⣬ⱲӿܶٵطĪһĵӿš
ˮ򵽸ԤƵû¡ܼҴСҲǰǣֻǰҲûжʣùһ
ǰǵ·ƽģֻмҹͻϮⶼùݳ̶֣ӵĻܰЩ޸ɱߡ
Ѿȥʮʱ﹫ݼָķռȪˮֻʧǣȪĶ԰ķκáˣǼָĺȣÿȪõԵʡ
ǰѰķɽͷĶӽ̷ʱȪڵȪȼߣȪȼ֮ʱܶ԰ķá
ֹܿȥˣɫ՝ʱܼҵ̶ӵʻ˸ǵĵؽ硣Ҫȥģٹա
̶һƽͣ緹Ļʼæµһֱߵ̶ӵʳʣࡣ
ݾȥ׽ͷҰţһ»ʳҪȥԣܼҴСʮȥæϾͿһˣ׽ܶҰţһͷҰţѾ
ò˵ķֻаƴСùݷ㲻٣ܵĶšʵȫľǰѰķռȥֻռֻһ￪ţĻһյĹ
ݴһȺ˺ƺƵߵɽͷ֪ȥŪԵģǳǣֱһɽ˾ͱӭײϵĶʮͷҰţŵɫ԰ףһҲʮˣЩҰţ׳С
ݵһܵÿĻȥˡʵȫһ˸㶨Ⱥţֻһϰߵ͵
ȺҰţˣͿʼ񣬵ǰĺӣƺһĻŵˣľͷסǰ档
״ǰ˸һȣǰӭҰţγѣӢη˵ѪҲ׷ŭǰҰţƴ
Ȼ˿ݸҰţķǳңʵҰţٶȻ̫ˣֻҪʵܰͷҰţ
ԣй۲ˣҰţҪЩ˸˵ʱ򣬾ͰʯӣҰţĹƻ⡣
ûһᣬȺҰţ͵˼ͷҲûȫأչֵʵ˸һЩܿмͷҰţɥ֡
ЩҰţҲ֪ɵǴŪôͬ飬ǲѡ빫Զ㣬ǼаΧݡ
ȺսӳһʱģݱΧŪҰţԽ࣬ҲͿһͷҰţԺܿⳡսͽˡ
ղŻȥ˹ʱպþͿ԰æȺҰţϵȥ
ص̶ݵıһһӱ￴Ŀ¶壬ĽлɣȻûаЩ˵ıַ
õôҰţһӾæ˿ܼҴСȺæ˺һЩȥǰæ
Լʮ˾ʮˣĥʯԼĵĥĹ⻬羵棬İȺҰţһưС飬ЩǸԵġ
ڸλȻҪԵľϸһЩ˾ͰЩгһƬƬʹСƬŪ˿ѾŪЩҰˣ߸ɲˡ
õ󣬳ʦͿʼˣһȺæȻ졣ܿѾʳ¯Сˣ
ΪܼҴСչˣҲڵһ緹ǣŰķʱԶֻ󱥸ʹʦ÷ǳζҲûȥܡ
ܿյʱ͹ȥˣڵĿĵصǰһϡܼҴСҵݣʾ̶ܼӻڸͣһ£ʱҲȥĻϣ̶ܸܼӻȥ
ȻҡͷƾܼܵҴСϵûжʧ
յ硣ܼҵ̶˸ǡŵڿһܼҴС·ܼҴСĸѾĺɰ͵ͷһȺ˽ȥ
븮Ǻ󣬹ݾܼҴСǡ
ܼҴСֹӣҪȸǵջԺ緹뿪
ЦЦҡͷܾлܼҴС⣬ֻһЩôԵټ
ܼҴСЦ£ȻҪ֮£ҾͲӡ˵תͷԼĸѾߣ˵ͷ
ĸѾ߾͵ݸһݼҵһ⣬¡
ҲûƳ٣ùȻЦлС㣬һ
ܼҴСͷټ
ЦЦת뿪

ΪƸǣݺ̶ӷֿĵطһͷﵽ洬иִСһĻ˲٣ͷ쳣ַ١
ҲûǵһߣһԼĶռõϢ
ܿ˽⵽ط˺Ӽ䷢ƸǹϽµسǣӣдССĴӣͷнףҲѹ￴˷١
һĿߣһȺЩѲߵĹٱеŻﵽߵС߻˰̯Ϲ߲˵ģҲаСģɽҰζģľֳʳġ
ʳС̯Ͼôˣ̯Էݲ˽̧ȥʳҳԵġϾֻаԼչ˺ˣиľȥķҵˡ
ΪպʱԷ˲٣ʳˡݿɲȺһ𼷣˺һᣬҵһ˱Ƚٵʳ
ʳ٣Ҳǳࡣݿһ۲˵аѹʳûмˣʳҪһ롣
ɨ˼۵Ŀˣһ´ž֪Ⱥ˲ǲǮ
λ÷ģСǰ
ݵͷǵƲˡ
СЦЦʾ⹫ݸߣѹݴһλãºСڵĸݵһ衣ЦˣԵȣϾܸ͹
˵꣬СĳȥûһᣬС̧һ̳һһصˣ߻һСơ
оƣݵ鲻ԽĻһ㣬ԼȻϵ顣
СƼˣЦӣǵ͵ģҪòԼٵ㡣
ݷеȵľƶִܿЩƷľơ鲻֮ʱϲȵƣҪһõľơ
ܿ죬СͰѹݵľƣзһ˹ĸһһŮΪ̫̣˶Ի
գɽǵĴ󴬾͵ˣ磬㻹ǮҪǲǻǸ̷ɣǴ봬ƱǮһŮ󣬶Ļӵ
Ҫȥȥһ˾ǲȥɽҲȢȥҿɲȢֶŮޡл˵ӣһƣ
ŮһʱҲ֪˵ʲô
漴ָԼһƣͷһŲͷĵϽԣؼңһܵ㲻ǲ֪˸ɻȻܳ
硪ŮӱԹðΣճΪ˭Уһøȥ̵Ǹ.
ǣƫĵǰǻƼҵ¼˰ɣҪҸǸΰɣ˳
˵ĻǮңǮһȺֶ˰ɣȺ˿һŴƱ˵иֶϱҲȥǮأ˼
ѹ壬ŮСʵСãʵ˵ǲǱ̫Ÿϳҵģ
Ůԥһᣬվǵͷ̽ҵ˵ǻЩǮֻҪȥǸͻǮ㡣
̧ղ΢µǰҾ֪С㻹̫ˣǸǮƱǮǺֶϱ
Ů˵Щʲôȴȸϵˣ㲻ٸ̫űˡ֮ǰ˵ϾϵҸŹţ··Ҳ˵ʲôˣ˵ȥ͵û磡
Ůί˵ҲûΪ⡣
ˣҵ»ҪȥҽݰæϽԣȥ˴ߴٵ
Ůٴɻ磬ƾèļҽݸҪ㰡
ŭ漴ӣһµҲȥˣȥҩɰɡ񣬵ﲻڣ̫ſ϶һźµģҩյӣȥܰȥ
˲ټҳ̵Ĺݣ˵Ļ˲˵Ȥһھƣһ˵
գܰѸȰȥ̿϶ù֮ǰѾ߶ɼҲûһλáﲻڣҲֻһ˼һᣬ˵Ȼ
뵽⣬Ůʵҿ𣿡
Ҳһʱ죬ûӹһѿڡ侲Ѱ˼һᣬԽľǳԣҲ˵Ȼԡ
ҲòҩͷǳѰĶûаķģͻº쾳ıӦҲаɡ
ûУҲûз򣬻絽̽һ̽ϵʣ࣬Ҹȶĵطס£Ȫ׬ЩǮطҩɣ˳Ȫ׬Ǯ
̶ܼʱݾ;£񡣴극ڽͷβһȦ֮ԽԼĲǾһ
֪ģҩ٣ӶѧҽģעֻǵĹЩС˵ָͷܰĲ̫ˡ
Ĵ书ߵĸִЩˮƽߵֱ͹Ӷ࣬˲˶١
е㻳ɣҩܲҵҪġȻˣǾɡطƳǸĳĵλȲЩɣЩλߵĵߵĴڣ֪ĵõıһҪ̫ࡣ
оּ壬·ǿһɶĦҩΪԣһ㶼ͱĦʱŪ̫ʱҩɻ⡣
ڹƸǣɵλߵľҩˣǳҲΪУֵ˼
һ㶼ڸɽͷģҩһֱڸǵһֽġ
գҩɾֱԼҵĴǰ̯յӡ
ߵҩǰͿһĶ顣ǰ̯ѾȺΧסŶӵĴʮŮһᣬ˴յʲôҪ
ǵһƸǵİɡʵһʮ꣬ǳͷӡ
ݵͷͷЦЦҩûʲôҪֻҪʮ굽ʮ֮䣬ȥŶӡʱ˸˵ô
һ˺üˣǸͷӵĻش࣬ɼǶ֪ҩյӵľϸ
ʵһ͸֮ʱ֪ҩɾͽġ˵ֻҪ˫ַһֻƴСʯͷϣʯͷɫ־ܽҩɵӡ
ԣݰⶫǲʯڳɫ˵ľ
ͼСﶼһһˣ˵ûеĵط
ȻȻǶŵر𳤣ƶٶȴǷǳ졣һᣬͷֲŮͷɥĴ߳
ݸлߵһŶӡܿ죬˼ˡƺȺŮ˵һǳ飬ۿȥڶûƤЦģҶһׯϵӡ
ĻаЦ־е㺦Ͼϸ˵ѾǸʿ
ǰķǳ죬ûһߵ˱ȺΧǰ棬ҩɵ̯ӡֻһŮŮȥǲʯʯһ㷴ӦûС
̯Ӻֻˣм˴ŷһ滹ҩ֣òҲ֪ҩɵĵӡλѹѹסļ飬֪˾½ҩӡ
ݿһɫƶʱϵڣȻֻľ˿ǺĿԡ
һ
ԣַڰ̨ϵĲʯһȥɫʯͷֳɫֱɫɫɫɫͺɫÿɫǳһСһ
ʦ֣ҩʯɫˣ˵ҩ鼤ĶԱߵͬ
漴λҩֿݣϲЦտضԹݵϲλӣ뵽
ϵԼܽҩɣıϿԳΪҩɵĵӡﻹǼһᣬҪ˵رûеģûһƽ
ݲʣͼСһ˵ʲ࣬ɫԽҲ˵Խ٣Խá
繫ϣܼɫӣ˶һģղ˵ҩӣͬһһ۲ʯ˫ֱȭ˯
ԴҲգֻаķܵ⼸ˣһۡ
½ҩƺ߹ݵģƺûǰͽǷǳʱʱֵĿ⿴
Դˣװ֪
ʱһӾ͹ȥˣɫ
𿴲ʯҩӣҲ֮ǰ˵Ǹӣ˵˼仰ѻŶӵ˸Ȱˡ
֮Ѳʯһľﱧͬʦ̯
Ϊһõӡ󣬹ݼ½ҩҲǰæ

 61 

̯ܿϵĶʰɾˣɽȥ
źһܴĹ㳡㳡߶ǻ԰㳡ʯݣҩɵɽׯͷֲʯߡֱģ⻨̳ݴвٳӣﰶҲвܣɫ΢е㰵ӰǾͳɤ
ṫݺˣλҩɽϵȥ
ҩ²ʱʹӸɽ˲ӲĶѳһߴʮɵɽͷȻ潨˴Сһʮɽׯߵĵطһʮɵ¥
¥߲ʱܰʱΧ¥мĵط¿ƶϣɾһ㡣
һ·ϼ˶ǰģҩӣҲûжֻཻɽʱ˹ݼ֣иǵ֡
͹һͬµӵ˷ֱ棬¹ģܼΪҩӺ󣬻ᱻʦ֣ҩһ㶼֣
λҩǵֱֱеȣѡеȾһֱŴ˯ˣǸزʯˣҲǽտں˵ˡ
ɽϵһɽׯʱѻͷ˹ݼһۣǸǽ
ɽׯڱϣһȺ߹λӱվλʦ֡
ЦЦ޵ĵ˵ͷһ߹ȥʱλŵӶ¶һЦݣЦﻹһ˿ֺã״ݼ˶ǰֻ
˴һԺӣԺӲر󡣵ߵǰηźãţ͵Ųʯߵá
ܿ죬Ⱥ͵ֿտյĳȻɽȥھɽׯʱѾùݼԼȥɽׯ
ɽׯĲָ֮ǰǽɽׯ࣬Ҫϲ١ԺھŲˣɨһۣаˡͿʮ꣬ŮҲһЩ˶ҩյĵӡ
ǰһͿʮҵӣӼһˣԸǵš
ˡ
øߣʦһˡ
˵վںС
⻰ɨһ۴ˣֻûм˱ߵģһȺ˿һȺСһվںȺСϴ·رأЩģǰǲǸɸɾģ
˴·ΪȺˣһȺǲǮģоǲͨ˼ҵСоһǳƶġ
ݿûȺˣһĽšһˣ߿ҲֱŻȺ߹ȥȺ̸
Ϊ˴ŲǺ˳봩ŻССΪһĴڣȺʱʱ˶Щ΢һ£װģΪʹСԵʣֱĶ
ݶȥܲµȺСͷӶ󲿷ΪЩ˵֪֮ͦģûеǰȤǸһˣֵ֪ƺҲòм۹ⶢ
Ȼ˵ĵطнһȺëûгСһ콭Ѿõ
ڹݺ˼룬˼ƮԶ֮ʱ
ղſڵӴſȴ˻ҪСС߽ڴ˵⼸Сҵӡ϶ͳһķΣ£ǰҩ֡
ݲ⼸Сҩɸ߲
żСֱߵλϣһۣһڵĶ
һ˵ɽׯĹ£ڵϣǣֱҵʦԼݡʱͻбĹ£ǵʦǡ
Ĺ£ҩɲֻյӣۡҲ˵Ⱥˣȫյĵӣ˻ҪۡҲ֪ӦǴվںȺƶСѡ
ӵһô˶ͷ˽ţʾԼҩʯзӦġݿһۺ棬ֹȻ룬վںһ˶վǣǾ۵ġ
һ°ͣһվǰŻȺˣЦˣǰһ¡ָż˵ڸóԷˣǸ˵֮ǰǵȥϵ·£˳һԼ
ɽׯ棬ֻһŵСŷӾԡԡʮһȺҲһˣ÷ֳ
ϻмڰ·ݸ·ߵǰʱһüĿ˵Һӻ˼״һ·Ȼ͵øǴһ·¶첲ֽš
¶һмЦݣֵллϷˡ
Ӱڰ֣ʹʹãӦõġ
ûжͣл·߾뿪ˣϾ滹Ŷӡ
СִҪ֪¶ˣЩ֮ͨ˻ڵģĬĬŻͬŶ·óԡ
ϴ֮Ѿȥ̡
ܳԷʱ򣬶Ѿ˷㣬˻еģֻе
ÿ˶һһˣԡݳһڲˣͲٳˣʵ̫ѳˣտʼˮƽҪߡ
㣬˵˶ҪԹ⡣ҪԵܵܣĻѷ˶Թ⡣ڹݰǼСĶһ
߶СһڰյֻŻ˻Σ漴³һͷʳ̻ʡ
ûڣСͱǺʹϣƴ²ʳҲæСʵСѺʳ³
ḺǵĹĵطԶСͬ鶼ŵֱģݿȺܲͷһۣ̾о׶԰ʦ
հС£ͼ·ŭ˹֮˷ŭԭģΪղţиСܹ˵۸ĵ᳤ϵı
ԣæͷһۣСָָĵطȻһ˸ļһĴĵ᳤ϵĶӱ
Ӷûз£ͿٵܵڵطָŹݴȵڸô
С޵ˮ۾æǰȥСͬʱָŹݺȵôĵӣ
壬ˣСͦģ֪ˡ壬ղλھҡ
»˰ѹݸȥСĻһӷӦѿڵղڴ𣿡
СҪͣݴĻѸղŵ˵Ϻ󣬼㻹ǸϽѴôһ°ɡ
ŶŶԸϽСȥ漴ַһȥ
ɻΪʲôȥûʹΪʲôµģСͷСͷҲ˵úܡ
繫ǰ㣬ȷʵǺ±Сĵĵ᳤ˣҪ֪ĵ᳤ϿǳĻӣ£²£һٲˡ
±СŲҴҵĵ᳤ϵɽׯȥΪżԾ·Ϳ˵㡣ҪǹݾǸͨˣһ׷ϣΪһ̨ʮص˵Ҫ׷ϹµģѴ֮
ݸںͷһ·ٶȣø߳ٶȲ࣬Ҳ˵µʵ
Сƺ֪Լ鷳һ·ֵַķڹµļϣֵ÷ǳɡȻָϹ׾ٵӣһϹ·ǳ಻ס
״С۾ﶼΣͲһ˿塣С˫ۣݲֻķҲһ˫˵۾
ܿ¾ͱСһǳׯ԰ׯ԰ΧŵΧǽϿɫĻ䣬ϻ׺Ҷϣڰ밵Ļɫ£次
ɽׯŵŵӿһ˼Ҵҵĸæǰʵк¡ֹϱŵСɽׯСׯʱæ˵һ߸·
ɽׯĴвˣɨһ۴ʮң淢ϤӰǽոһͬʳ÷ĻƼá
λϵһͷ׷ŻµӡӣСæ˶ù°;ӣίͰͣﺰŵ׷ڵλǡ
һСģһѺ
ȻԼҶ⸱ܾίģ׷ŭˣι£⾿ʲô£Ҷӵǻʱô⸱
һ񣬴۾棬ͷȥ˵һ顣
ԣ׷ӵԼҶӵͣûʲô󣬾ͰСڻСԴСѵ⺢ӣԷôôżΪСѿһȥ̵һͷ
СίǷʵѳԣʹþͻġ
ôؼҳԣؼңúι¸ŪЩ׷˵
ĵ᳤ϣ⽻ҪΪŵӾͱɽׯասսĲһ仰˵⣬λĵһۣ˵סɽׯʳסо͵ɽׯҶҪһ
׷Цһ󣬼ˣȻȥɣٴȥǡ
ڹΪûԼʱС˵һ仰ղңôлл˼ҡ
ĵᱻԼҶӵ߼ЦˣʮҲָȻЦСׯλСֵܾȵ㣬ôлл˼ңҪĵ᳤æлл
æ˵Сׯ˵Цˡ
СһɻҪ˵Щʲôʱĵȿڣʲô֣
ݹĻصӹݡ
ҩʯɫĵʵ
ʵصɫ
ԣĵᵭι£հŵɡ
ͷǡ
ǰһֵлĵ᳤ϡ
ˣȻȥɡĵɨһ۹ݺ͹˵
ݺ͹˲Լͬĵͷصǡһǰһ߳
뿪ɽׯ֮󣬹ĽŹݣ˵Сֵܣ˴ˡȻܵĵ᳤ϵۡ
ЦЦһ˵ĵ᳤ƣл´⡣һϵ˺ιһɰ
ιæƾܣʹʹá
ЦЦм˵ιһҪ£ҪǸղźι´ŵ⣬˺˽ڵͷϡ
Сׯĵ᳤֪󣬶һݴҽմȥνȻ˵ţĺɰ
ʵù˵Ĳݹĵ᳤ֻ֪˸һ£Ļѹӡ
뵽⣬͹İ¹ݵТ̯ݺ£˲õġ
ȥʱµûߵ֮ʱ죬Դߵɽׯʱɫͻ谵ˡ
˶ûгԶٿڷݻãιǶǰ󱳣Ӷ๾Ľ


 62 

ҹ
ڴĵ߳䡣
ղͺι»صɽׯʱһȺͳԺˣʣ²ٷˡȻЩλĶЩŻүСǣͨ˼ҵСƶ˼ҵС˵붼Ǹɸɾġ
ι¶ⳡƺ˾ռߵģ˴һȺСϢķȥš
֮óӸԼ˼ˣŹһԡ
ȻǴγķֺò٣֮ǰڡ
ι»˸˺ƹȻûзݣȵ֮ͨתԴĴһ£͵ͷԹ˵˲ɽׯܡ
˯ĵط濴ͦõģطر󣬽ṹĺԺһͬĽľͷģ汻ˢһɫĶ
̧ͷϿȻǣϵȫƣ׺ϣǹƾǣƬտر׳
ͷϵҹգݾؾͼСϿУⲻǰ컹ǺҹҪҪЩ
洵һ磬ݾת߻طˡΪرԵʣ˶ʮˣһȺС˯չֵ˺λӴͷ˯ӴϹϡ
ǧٹֵƣùݴ۽硣иС֪ǲǽûгԱԼֱۿУˮһһεµΡиӦǱ˱⣬űίͰͣɿޡ
߽ȥڵϵСڴϣñӰ˸ڴϣ룬̾һٴת߳䡣
˿ĸ䣬ݳ˼룬ȥÿһ飬ȻЩʮСкüڵϡ
Ȼͷ˵ҩҪĵʮ굽ʮ꣬һٶʵ󲿷˶ֻ߰ӣһֻвʮˡ
ݲЩЩʮĶҩйϵҪһЩģҩɴӸطȥѡġ
ɴ˿ɼɺöǲ٣Ȼʢĵӡ
ʵҲȷʵ繫ǰ㣬һȺ߰СӶҩйϵǵĸĸһҩɵӵܣ󲿷Сĸĸ˫ҩɵġ
ΪʲôҪйģҲԭġҩôɽׯзڸصҽݶҪ˹ܵġ˾Ǳµģҩҩҩȵȡ
ЩС󲿷ֱɴڸҽݿ׬ǮֻЩӵܣŻᱻؼպɳ
ɫ֮ʱݲŴӴѹûмŻطǰСవڵЩ䣬ǶñȽϺʵԹݰһֻСҲۡЩƾͲزסˡ
ǰķιһСƿҶµ¶飬ķҲǰ¶ˮȹ⣬Ӧȴһ㶼ûУǺûС
Ҫǲܺ¶ˮļǰ㣬ûή͸ɿݣݶΪˡ
ݰѰķι֮ҲԼŪһȪˮҶµ¶ˮҪϲ٣ÿյµ¶ˮķȡ
ԷǰѲߣڷֻҪӴ伴ɡ
ݽ뷿²һյĹ򣬾˫ۣˣаԼˡ
ŵһСѹСҲ׷˹ʱͣЪ֮󣬺ι¾ͽкλҪ


 63 

ᣬ˶վԺվšĵ᳤ϰС֮ûãһȺˡȺͶڶʮң£ͬЩ·ϲֹҩ֣滹һ߰ɫһ
ȿȣλѾòҩʯǰԼļɫһ𣬷ֱΪⲻɫģɫɫɫɫֺɫɫɫоֻɫģʣµĲҩʯвɫɫľͶһ顣ι¶һ£˵ҶӦӺ棬˿ʼɡ
ԣһȺ˾ȥҺԼӡ
һĹҵ൱ӦĵطվãȻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀǰˡ
ҹǾ֪ˣǾͻᱻֱҩѡӣҪû˿ϵĻͻ۸ɽׯĹѧ죬պ̳ʦŽʦ¡
Ƕվ֮󣬺ιת¶õЦݣλʦ֣롣
һ·ɫҩȴӺιֻ߳ɫǣվ˵ԸԸΪʦ
Сźι߽ˣһһŮ̬ӦǼΪ
ȻͷԸԸ⣬Ӱݼʦ
ҩӿʴЦ󣬡úúãҵĹԵӣΪʦ
Ⱥҩ編ƣԶһ˵ͽܡ
һλҩӣҲ˵Ŀǰֻжʮ˰ʦʣаʮ˻Ժš
ֻڵɫֻɫɫӡ˶ޱĽ۰Ͱ͵Ŀǡ
λҩӰߺ󣬺ι²ųشҲ֪ղѡӵܣӵܣûʦģҪǹˡ
ѡӵܺҪֱˣֻɫɫĶܵӵܣĶۡ
ֺ֮ӵܺ۶뿪ɽׯι¼ɽׯ͵ɽׯȥȻȺֻֿܵͷɽׯȥ
棬ݲ˽⵽ҩɽׯҲϸĵȼƶȣֿͷľǸеӣеӺ۳ЩŵӲƣֻֿͷɽׯ߶ͨ˲ȥɽׯ
ѹ֣ι»˵ãΪĵ᳤סɽׯסķǵطŵӺŬһһܽĵط                        
лҪ˵ղѽ~~

 64 

ιæúŹݵĵ᳤ڵɽׯſڵĵѾͺĶǵλԵȣȥܹͨһ
ݺͺιȻԹվţܿһ͸͹߳ϴ£ζҪȺιҪúϼˡ
ι˫ֽڶǰЦŶܹܵѾ˸˹ҵˣĳȥ
ܹܵͷлι¡
ιҡҡͷ֮¡תԹ˼䣬úĵ᳤һ⣬ת뿪
ι뿪֮󣬹ݱܹ쵽һƫ
ֻһʮͷǵţ쵽ܹܾת뿪
ϴǳ·滹ֻɫǺɫѹݴͷβһ֮󣬲°͵Сӳþ񡣡
ЦЦû˵Щʲô
ҲûָܸظһתҾʦ
ʶǰһӰݼʦ
ЦЦպ󲻱˴񡣡һº󣬡أʦҲĵ᳤Сĵӣѧϰ֮꣬ٸıֶȥֿԣԼɽׯ
˵⣬һתҪûͨɵĿ飬͵ñ򷢵ӻߴͨ飬ŻΪҵʽӣʱǲžаʦ֮񡣡
εʦҲ͵óһӵݸ˹ݣҪ飬ҪǸտʼѧĶȻ˵ʦ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ҹܣСодƽʱЩʲô
⣬в㣬ôĲһ
򵥵ʶһλʦ󣬹ݾͱһСԺȥԺӲݴӿҲͦϾɵģһ֪Ѿþûסˡ
ѹݴԺǰͦססȻطϾƾɣӦ֪㣬Ϊׯ԰ξֻôһµӣԼסһطɽׯԺסʮˣ˵㵹ͦ˵ġ
ʱˣ˹ݸʶǰɽׯܹܣ⻹ꡣ
ܹЦ˵ɽſ͵ԶݣչͶҩɣĵ᳤Ҳŵʦ֡˵⣬˿ݣż˵һɽׯŵӡ
У֪ˡӻܹ뿪漴˵£漴˵ȰԺʰһ°ɡ
ݣֵǲڹλʦһ˿øУͷ˵ǣʦ
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ûмŴɨȰСӴ򿪣˵Щʲôֻһõȥ·ڶȥɽׯѧҩлһЩɢɢ飬Ҫľȥ·ãȥѧҩ
νһ죬ݸմҩ֮ʱҲɨԺ֮£ЩԽԽȥĸо
ȻԺƾɣеĶͦȫģһѲ񵶣İԺĻĲݸһ¡
ڹһ֮ʱղ״Ҳܹæ
һӾǾũˣڹݺ棬Ū߰ĵط޵ĸɸɾġ
һʱͰԺŪɾһ䣬Ҳѡһ䣬Ҫסһġ
ݰѷʰɾ֮겻ԼķŪɾˣƫͳԵĴɨһ¡
Ἰ˶ƫţ궼Ӵ֮ˣţİɢ˲١
һ֮󣬹˽⵽˻ֵܣǸһЩСǸҪ٣ǼҾڹƸǸһӣͨҡ
˵ıʦֱΪݣ½֪ԭεµֱǱʦڸ֡
֮ǰԱʦǵ΢øУ˲ʧˡ
 һ죬;ȥ·ˡ
ŵӵ·ǰ£˷·죬һõģһõġ

һ繫˾ԺһھˮǷϴǵ緹õɽׯȥ죬緹һ
Ժ緹󣬹˸СӵĽܣҵպϿεѧãĵ᳤ϵĸ˿ԸŵһϿΡ
˵ɽׯһѡŵӵˣΪɫɫɫˣѾǰȫˣֻɫɫѡһһŮ
˺һᣬŵӲ߽ʶĺһʦ֣ʦ㡣ҪڿεҩӣҲպʦҲ˽
ŵӵʦ硣
ֻܽУʦ硣
ڵĵ˵ͷĿӹһɨ۹вһ˿顣ŲԴһ˿飬˿ǰӡ
ӵͷƺҲ֪ڶǲǸղŽʦ̧ͷ
ֻ鲻һ˹ݣҲѧԴӡ
ڼƣȻ̧ͷ­ʱǽüͷŽ滺ݵʲô
ݹһݡ
㲻ڿ佱漴ֵǴҩֻ紫ڡʵǿɶʶ֡
ָؾһȻʶģĸ඼ͷʾǶʶġ
ܺãǽǾѧҩѧ棬ǿ
ݵæûС
һ絤ڶ˵ļҩ
ݸеϲǣҩƺִҩһֻۣ󲿷ֵҩִûеġڹĿڵ˵һܸ֮סˡ
һ˵ʮҩʮҩ󲿷ҩģĶڷģЩҪҩ˵ģһСҩֹֻסһСѪڣϳѪĵطһõҩҲԲһ
ʵݴ۽磬ҩһˣûа׷ѹ
տʼ֮ǰǵѧȻûѧϰҲ֪Ӧġ
ݼȻǵͷ˵ĿЩСӶ
չȶʱ顣Ȼǣȴÿ϶
ԣǹݼ飬ֻܷﲻ˵ڡ

 65 

絤ڵڿν󣬹ݺݣ½ֵȥ緹ŵӣǸڵ󣬿ǻøŵڡ
˻صԺʱ½˻ط䱳ҩҩȥ
ʱҩһֻܳȥһΣһֻգʱﲻⶼ
Խаµʱ䣬Լ֧䣬Ѱ˼ԼЩʲô
Ⱦ׬ǮСнܵǲȺŵӷǮƵģֻŵӲ
ŵҪ¥鿴ǶҪǮģҩóȻЩҩֻܸͨβߵãĵҩɲʿĵҩ
ŵҪϰõĶҲǵҪǮģ֮˳ԺȲǮĶõǮơ
ѹŵӵĿϰ죬ԭȺŵȥ׬Ǯȥ
ûȻҩɲṩǮƣ׬ǮǿԵġСдȥæˮ׬ǮֲˣϴˣղЩԣҪǲִֻдúõ˿ȥæ飬ȥſڣЩǱȽʺµȥ
Ҫѧɣ԰ʦҩҩǲҩҩ֮ʱڰߴһֵȵȡ
ݴԵɨһС׬ǮķӣֿһϵǮƣĵȵǮòʱԼɡ
˼ȥÿϵһܼסνѾʮˣҲû˼ԣһʱ治֪Щʲô
ľ綼Ѿʮˣûͻ֮æٿ̿ҲгЧ
΢̾һȥ׬Ǯһʱ䡣
ڳ֮ʱ½ֵԺʯտģָı⣬ȥ¥
ټɽׯ¥¥Ҳŵȥģŵֻȥвٵһ¥
Сһ¥ĲҲͨŵӻǸʱܿꡣ
ݵͦ˵ģΪڵɽׯλ̫ߣͨ۶ȥɽׯߣ¥ڶĲ¥ȥ飬ȻûǮȻС˵ȥ¥ûǮ浹ûдǮ
ɽׯǰߵĴţ滹һСţסĵطСŸǽضߵСš
ŵһʮߣſǳأƽʱڱϴ˯عݶûп۾й¶ЩϢ߾͸ӰӾɨһǸز¶ĸ֡
ò˵֪ʶĸʱնˣҪٲ¥飬һֻܿʮ죬ͨũң궼һõ
Ȼ˵㣬ڹ˵ԽܣϾỹʮӣȫܹ֧￴顣
¥һ㣬һЩ飬μǣЩ¾õ飬й飬ôֵ书ؼҽ飬ҩ顣
¥˲٣ݿһ²¥ζˣ˶ġ
⸶ǮȻôһǮҲ׻ǮôõʱңǲԼԿһǮĶóǮϵļֵ
ƾŹ˵òͶ֮¶ֹݳɹռ¥һλá
鼮йڲҩʯģҩʯƺﲢʲôܣһ飬йļء
ԭҩʯҩɵһõģҽѧ츳֮ˣڲҩʯʾɫòҩʯѡӡ
ȫ鷴˵˵ȥ£˵ηֵģʱֵ̬֮־飬žѡ
ڹ˵йزҩʯҪһ﷢£ֻȼ֣ˡ
ݶҪЦˣİмҩʯ飬һ飬ûз֡ﶼ˵ҩʯҩãбԼҷ֮ڳһϵ顣
֮ҩʯҲǲʯ﷢֣ΪʯĵطǺöͨûʯɵġ
Щһ֮󣬽ʱͲȥˣֻȰ£ȥԷԷʱй涨ʱ䣬ȥûˡ
һ߳ſڣͼϤıӰԺӿ½ֵܡ֮ǰǸֵܶ˵Ҫȥͼݡ
ԣڵôӦǰɣԴ𣬿ֵģе𣬲ȥԷ
ȻǰȷʵڵȷʵҲΪǲ̫ȥɽׯԷ

¥ֻڰ쿪Խûʲô¡
ڻ·ϣֵܴǸݵʦ֣ҪҪȥݼʦ
ҡҡͷҲȥǱʦҲ̫뿴ǡ
½룬Ҳ˵һ䣬磬ʦƽʱæпǡ
ԵʦûʲôøС굹ǶԵĽϧûʲô˼ֵܣֵƲѡ
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵
˸һԺӣͼǵıʦվԺ
æǰһ񣬡ݼʦ
쵭ĵͷض񡣡˵ţӻóһʼǣʼθʦεģȥһ飬ҡ
æллʦ
ݿһıʼǣԵĺøжִӸΪû뵽Ǹȵġ
Ȼ˵ֻҪһܰѱʼǵݼëĳһ飬ϾӵйĿʵ̫һ޸֮ˣǲҪͷΪá
ɵĶȻ󲿷ֶҪǮǱīֽǲøǮʡ˹һǮ
Ϊ˸Ǳʦһӡ˾ùȳ½ùݵĳ
ݿһ飬Ĭдһ¿һ£ûö೤ʱ䣬ͰƪʼǸ¼
ճԹ緹ݾʹűʼȥǱʦ
űʼǹɫǻһЩҲûж˵ЩʲôͶҪúΣѧҩơ
׻˵ĸƫСĺӣݹ֪ĵ᳤Ҳ⣬һλӣΪƫľλȵĵӵ졣һɨͷֵľȻڷŲٹ֮µƤëǻƤ
ڹ׼֮߳ʱ˴ô˽ֻһ߽µСӣɵðң
Ȼ֪ĿǰǺݣܹǰǲ
ʶ𣿡׽סݵֱ۵
ݵͷ
ãСӣһá˳溰
ڻ˽ʱʹ߳û߳һرĻ
æϣҵӡ
ˣ֪˵
˫ֿţһޱĿȻû˵ڳĹ˶˼
˺ٺЦһ£漴һԼͷ͵㿴ⲻż˼;ͰѲסڡ
쵭ؿ˻һۣ´β
ұ֤´β˵
ɨһ˻ץסֱ۵֣ʲô£ҪյûĵӰæ
ڵĿ£ڨڨİջأ͵ʦһѵ黹иֲҩɽׯûмˣʦոãⲻȥ𡣡
Ȼˣͬһȥɡ˵ţ߳
ãСģʦǣŶṳ̂ҹЦǺǵ˵ţ鵽û֮⣬һϰߵӡ
ݸ󣬺ܿһ˾Ŀĵأ
һŴ֮£Ӱֵĵطȫ鼮鼮һӣӦװŲҩһЩ¯
鼮вظģλ˿졣
죺ݡ
˽ŵݣؾңһľ͵һȻͰ¡
ǣǰݱߵͷ߶¡
һ˾뿪⣬һȥ
һСѾһС߹һ󣬡ݹӣǵ칫ӷԸӣ˵ţ͵ذõӷŵϡ
̧ͷһ۵죬ֻڴʯոһ˴ʯϵĲҩ
°ʦǹŤġ
һʱ󣬹ǰϼĵ᳤߹վҪ
ͼĵ᳤ϻԻ֣ͳض񡣡 䣬Ǳʦ͵ڵλá
û˿֮ģ𼸸˵
ƺλʵͣԹôңе  
ղźһᣬˡĵ᳤Ͻ͵
ҩСӾȻʶ˵
һᣬݲĵ᳤˵Ѫ֦ѪƤݣܹ塣ĵ᳤ΪԼӱ⣬ճֻϰҩ裬Ѫ֦ͺֻ壬ʶҲ
ˡСӽȾơ˵
һᣬּ˵޷ǶǼҳ㲻ȥ
ɫ䰵֮ʱŰЩ鼮Ͳҩá
ݰĵӵݸܹܺ󣬱ߵ¸ˡ
ţȻȥɡȵȣٵط½ݶҲϡ
΢һͷǡ
ȥͰϢ֪½ֵܣ󲻽ϲʦлǵǵġ
ݰĿǰλʦȷʵͦġ
һ綼ȥ˵죬ոպһգһֻҪɽׯ鷿һЩƾɵٰЩ¼ɡ
Ϊдֺÿֿ죬һͽ鷿ߵϳ顣½Ҫ顣
ڹͷ೭ʱ򣬻һõݣ
̧ͷǰкηԸ
ʵܾǺ°˵
ЦЦе֮˲١
Ҳǡ˵Ȱ˰ɣҲ֪޹ģ֣һʶҲʶҪ᳭ͺá˵ţݸݣųӦÿ԰ɡ
ù鼮а죬ҪûпĻ֡ͨõ֡
Ȼļ𾪣ϱȴǲԣֻҪͫй¶֮ɫƽܳ
Ǿͺáתߣ˿ûע⵽ݵ
зǳõŵ㣬ǾԽ飬ͷԽ侲ڻ֮֮ǰͷ飬ûбֳһһ
ҪƽֿӸӣе֣ȷʵȫͬĺ壬෴˼
ޱԭԺļ䶼ţҪȻؼǰһʰ
γ飬ݳޱ棬һĬĬţ±һ֡

νɸΪ֮ȻҵһĹ滹Ҫ磬һʱֻܿżԺĹˮ
⹦ȷʵģֱɽڡȻûп磬ɽڵĹǺеġ
ܿ죬ݾҩɴһ£ɽȥ
üΪɣÿ˿֮ڲ¥飬ͼҵ鹦
һĹؼ
ͬʱҲڱʦˢڸУϣЩϧǣƵùһŻУÿֻ¼һΣѾ
Ȼɽǹݵûɽɽׯ¥飬̶һݲɫİѲ¥ɨһ飬ܿϧûҪҵġ
㵽ɽׯߵĲ¥һ¡
һʦܶǻؼȥˡ⵹Ƿ㹫Сҹﲻǲڲ¥ҹ鼮
ɽׯϵĲ¥ɽׯĲ¥ʵҪ̫ࡣ
¥ֻŵӹˣҪô鼮ֻҪлͲˡ
Զ̶һһϵʱ䣬ݾͰɽׯߵĲ¥鼮һ飬ȻûҪҵġ
ݰĿŵҩĲ¥ϡҹԲɫСŵǾǲ֪ҩ¥ĸָΡ
뵽һܣ¥ûѰĶϾ鹦ǻøġ
عһ㶼ֽϣҲҪֵǹ룬ˮݵֽŻƤ
ջ˸Ŀһưֽܲ飬ԭأҪǣԭһ㶼ḽʿʶĸ˶ܰѹ򿪵ġ
˼ҲпԭԵ䵽˵أʱһûά֣ʶʧڴ˼䡣
ķգհˮɽŪ֮ˣ˿Ǹʿˮ籱ɽЩûоǵޡ
ʵһֱ֪ʿֻѡԺ⣬ʱ便ʲô
ӦӱܣҲռȪˮܰѰķ Ӧȥ磬ֻܰѰķȻ
ݲ֮ǰʲݵķݣרȥһЩʱ֮µμǣǡ
Ȼĵ᳤϶ܲ޵Ķʿ˼ټҲ⵽
Ȼǰ㣬μǻ٣ֻЩĵط̫ɢˣҶرͻȻĳ֣ЩֻѰģЩطȥ硣


 66 

ṫԺӰߵĲ¥μǣ⼸⿴˲ٵμǣûеõʲôõϢȻˮ磬ȥ̽̽Ǹɽô¡
ݡǽҩĵڵĵһµദ˵Ĺϵ
֪⿴ʱҲܹһֻ˲ŵҲüϿεģҲϣһʦҲʦڵİţһ㶼Ǹһһ硣
ݵĵͷˡ
ЦЦߵĿλ£˲࣬˿ܣСݣ⿴Ĺ£𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ʵһᣬĴ˿
תͷʵʲô
м㣬ǳȥҸĵط˵
ݵͷѾˮ磬ЩμַʲôϢ͵һ¡ӣӦ飬ʶôãһæӦõģϾʱ䣬Ҳæ
һǰһߵ¥ߵɽϡ
ѾȣһôµʯţǸղŻ˳һƣԱߺȾƱ졣
ͷһСƣʦ֣Ұæ𣿡
Ҳһۺһƣҡҡͷ˵𣿡
ԣоȣѵ֪֮¡˼һᣬʦ֣мˣ
⵹ûУֻҿҵμǶǼ֮£Ҵ඼˵Щָ߳˵¼˿¶һĪ˶ûа취ȣ˵ЩǲǾǿ˵ˡ
ЦЦѽʦֿ֪ʦΪЩμ
ҡҡͷ֪
ЦЦΪ֮ǰмˣˣΪӡ֤һ㣬ҲҴμǡ
˵⻰ҲȫǼ٣Ӧûš
ȻŲɣʵҸһֻҵûˡǣ֪顣
ԣһڴĿ
սΪµģһֱܼˣ˵˵
ݾҪҵˣΪùݻţ˻Ϊ
һϴģ
״Ҳǣֱӵ
һҲĵط֪иء
ֻŵ˵Ȼǲ֪ģʵҡҡͷ˵
֪
ŵʵǵһǳпܾǴ˵еˡ
Ȼ˵пܣȴǷǳ϶
ݻһ֮ǰļأԽԽпǣ˵ͨΪʲôĶ
ֻǣʿĻ˵Ӧʶ鹦ݲǣôûһ
˲乫ԺƮֿܣҷЩܡ
ʧЦ˵ʦĪʲôţ
ԣ֪ǲţԼǼ£Ҳѡš
ٴο˿ܣ漴ԼСĴأпһĻС߹ݡ
ǰգղ׼ɽһľͻؼȥɽ֮ҾͷԼһƷ
ⶫ˻ģûؼҸܵ档񵽣ҸյԺӾͼһСǶӴܳȥ
ǶһϸǮԼһЩǮƲŻģȻ᲻ãȻҾ׷ȥ
ʱֻ׷С꣬Ķû⣬Ȼ֪Ҿ׷ڣʱһ֪ԼڽΪСѡܵ·ûһˡ
׷أʵ̫ˣϢһ£СҲ֪ΪʲôҲˣǿҡ
һ˵ƺ˵˵Ŀˡ
״ݸıӵƣͷȫȹ⣬Ҳһͣż֪ҵʱʲô
Ȼ֪ʲôһ𰸣ѵǺˣ
ȵĿһ۹ݣʵô
μﲻĹ¡ݴʣȴǽԼĴôóġ
ЦЦҲǡСȻûдˣֻͨСꡣ
ƺأ
صһڴĿ
˲ʧЦЦҿһͷͷߡʱҾͱһȥôܶܲȥ
ݿһúõˣԺ˻ܳˡ
ڹΪѽôӳȥϸ֮ʱ
˵ȻҾͿǾͷߣԽԽңȻҾͱιȥˡ
ʱǾͷѾˣֻСڰߡ
ʦܣ˵治֣ʵ
˼һᣬʵǾͷ𣿡
ҡͷ ʵҲ֪ܽȥһΣûʲô֡
ǽأݿһô£
ҡͷñ֪
ԣûм׷ʣʣʲôϵ𣿡
һȥ֮ʱģģĿھͷһִųͷ֣ǱΪµһֵİˣҲûȱ¡
漴ʵҲ϶ΪʱҶιȥˣܿҲһ
ûпݳ˼һֻ㿴ǻþ
Ҳ½Ӧҩĵĵطɡݵ
ȵĿһ۹ݣô֪
ݴҿôμǣЩ¼ĵطҩģҲҩͨЩطɼ»õԻ껨
˵⻰ȻǺߵģȷʵ£ȻҲµģһμǣдμǵ˲µġ
дμǵһǴϲоһЩϡŹֵҩͿһЩŹֵμǣ
ȻǴǼٵģȴô󲿷ӦģЩԻ껨ܾϲĵطա
ֻλ飬Ūǰˡ
Ҳ֪Ųţһ飬͸ԻظԵԺȥ
ǰ浤ڽ̸ǶȵȵȻտǵһѧ似¿ɰ˸˻ˡ
صԼԺʱ½˻ڸϰʦ̸ǵ似УһҲ⡣
ȻʱݵѾҩɣƽʱģ»棬˾
ԣֵܵĶ飬һѵѧ似
ҹ
ṫ۾ڴϣ һֻƴССޣСҲһ˯ģ
һᣬϵĹݷһ漴ſ˫ۡ
ֻһƬһ˿˯⣬ɼղֻڱĿˡ
ƿϵıӣȻְѰķı
ϴ·£ɲðѰķϡʱʱѰķı
ỹǰҹûе𴲵ʱȥ̽һ̽ҩɵĽء
ҩɵĽأͨ硣֮£Ҳʵķֻ¿ںܾǰȻͱ¼
ǼпܵģմԽ֮ʱͿļأȻֻĻܡ
ҩ֮ԻѡڽֲҩݣҲԭģΪǿЩҩĻȲ֮ҩĺúܶࡣ


 67 

Уһޱ߼ʵĺһ˫ֻƲܿסľͰںƮš
ҹҹҩɽأ֮Žغɽһ·ܣȴСĵһ󣬴ѾںƮ˰ҹͰ죬ںƤס
̧ͷ߹Ͽյͷ⧲Ѿؾһ±ľͷϵİķҺҹСһҲ
ٴ̧ͷĴ˿ڿ߰оϲƣ˫֣ٴγһֱֻľͷһֻֻˮղĵı߰ȥ
ԽԽˡ
ŷǲ½أһ޴ССһɽɽر󣬼Сռ
ܿ칫ݾС˳ָԼ׽һԼĶӡ
һݰһЩĶռδӿռóʯ꣬еϳ֮ǰڿռˣԵʣЩ˶رζ
ݰķ˵ֻǿϧûЩӡ
֮ǰˮһӣϣЩӿԱ֡ȴʧˣЩȥֱȫõ
ķ֪Цһ٣쿪ЩͨܵסôͬʿҪһӱôҲᱻű塣
֮󣬹ִӿռȥȡһ·Ȼʪ·
̾һһɾĲͷ֪ķʲôʱѣԴͰķ̯֮ϴͷͷԼɣķһӣͷ͸ˣȴ֪Ҫ١
ö೤ʱ䣬ͱˡ
һ㶼֮ͷԼůůģָо֮ǰһ
˵ҲǺЦͰķ˳ôޣȻû뵽Ȼˮ޴ڣǱȻͻȻЩεʹ
תһ룬Щ޿ֻҪһ԰ķ˵춼һͰķҲйأһﲻҲһɢҲʲô¡
á鹦֮ʱݾҩɸֵԺһ㷴ӦûСطоϲ
ȲȴʼĬμԺеġ鹦ŷ
ʱţҵ˼ʧе˼ڷϡԼһƬһκζҲʧȥ۾ֻܿһƬڣĸ֪ȴԽԽ
ܿˣƯҵ壬壬ɫֱɫɫɫɫɫ֪ľˮͽ
ڹݸ֪УǷٵȻûڣһһӿڡ
ݸо嶼ΧţҲľţоǳʣһᵽָо˶ġ
ǹȥ˺þãֻȥ˲䣬ȫĵС
֪ǳɹˣѰʿӦô״̬
ṫݻάȱ۴״̬ڵڵﰲһᡣΧߵһһļڣ߲֮ǰǰľֱײֱĹľ
¶ʹ֮ɫɫףɫڡҧţ֪ľĳˢ֮£ñ֮ǰҪЩӦǸõ
֪˶õʱ䣬ڵڹΪƽɹɢڸȴǲһšһһĶڵǡ
ݻԼ۾漴ͱһɳζѬˣϸġö࿴Ҳ֪ԼڵжǱ
˲Լʲôջ񣬹ǰĺˮһԾ
Ƥÿ췢ˣݲԸӺʱ϶ˮ飬ĺڷʪںϡ
ݴӿռȥȡһɾĲҪͷǰòɣ漴һ뷨תһȦ˲ˬˬͷˡ
֣ķǳ֡
ĵ׵ϲãǰɶµĵһСĿ꾻׬һʱûܸϲá
һᣬݿ첽֮ǰȵĵطȥһи߰ķʹķ
֮ǰҩɲ㣬ΧӰûУݱŰķ߶߶˵˲١
鹦дñȽϸԹ֪ѾǸʿˡֱԼ϶Ǹš
ķ˵˲ٻ֮󣬹ݿ뵽뿪⣬תһɽ뿪֮ǰȥ̽һ̽ɽ
ɽںģȻѾǸʿбǰ˲֪٣ںڰŪѡ
֮ǰ͹۲ܣʱͣĵطԶһøɿݵľߵϣһƣһѵصһˡ
ݿԼ˫֣ò˵ָоá
ΪɽرĴԹݰÿյռԷߵһ룬Ϩˡ
ݾŻ߽ɽɽرĴ󣬸ɽȣСֻ϶Ȳϡ
һյĹǰйһϲæ첽ǰȥûö೤ʱ
̧ͷһ£ֻϷһĶڣŹܵǽڡĺ֣ȻһֻᶯĻﶼûС
ȴûи֪Σգѡȥ
Խ߽ԭ·𽥱ʪ󣬵ҲŸָĲݣ֪Щݶݡ
ûмȥɣٲɣߣ߹һƬݵغݵһ̶ˮ
һһĿȥͻȻͻȻͣһ£ܵһرѹҪǼᶨҪ
ֻһоŸͷľˮ̶м䣬ˮ̶һ붼ûˣݵͷߣôһѹһᶯĻﶼûС
ߣѾ˺þá
Ϥ𣬾ϲ⧲
ݼһ˿ɳƣˣ
һ̣ķӰڹǰ붼ûǰס˰ķ
ѵãķȻûгݣҲûƿݡ
ݱһᣬͷԼˣåæſķϴһ˿εǸǸ̫ˡ
ķ˸ۣ֪ͺá
ĬĬӣ֪˵ʲôãֱ㶵ĵվһߣ
Դӵ֮󣬵ŨķıԶٵļȡ޸˿ڣںεһʱѾָʶ
ֻ̫أʹָʶǻֻάֱģ޸š
ʱ乫ЩʲôķҲ֪˫ְѹ´һһȻˣԳǵһμţֻһµʱֱӴ嵽ΪһͷĴޣҲ̲סġ
ݵǲ֪ԼֻһµʱһЩС˵˹ͨչأʱ͹ȥü꣬ʮ꣬ϰꡣԣΪԼҲط˺þúþá
ķܿ͵̬˿Ҳ˲öʼɹһתˮ̶мľߣֻ콵ơ
ݿķ˫۷һ׬˵Ӷˮ̶мľвЦʶھһɨȻһûС
ķ˵˺þãôûôŨصѹɼǰжôĿֲ
ݲɵԼӰӾС˵֪֮࣬ߵʬĪĺôֻûпߣҪѹÿ
ߣݿߵİķʵҪô죿
ôŨܰҵƻָ߰˰ˣһչءķ˵ţһ飬ӸݣⱾ㣬泤˲ݡԸⱾЩݣŷռ䣬ܲܰǱ档
ݿķ棬ֻдͼ֡˵ͷãԡ
ķٶ˵ЩʲôȾͿʼ

ݺͰķһСںƮţǰķԱչ󣬾ͿʼѼˮ̶оߵľѪ
һµʱ䣬ŰϵľѪһſڿռ䣬˲ٸݡ
ЩѪķƲָԪӤڣΪҲ˲٣
ǿƵģƾЩѪС鹦Ϊֱ׷˰ķгԽķơ
ѾںƯ˺üգһӰûп
ķ̾һطԽԽˣôǸӰûƵ
ݸһķ˵Ĳ֮ǰɽŨתЩƴＷһֱתȡɽһ롣                        
лҪ˵дɴƪˣƪĴд־β

 68 

ķüͷ̧ͷһϿյͷƵĵָóԷˣҲˣҲԲݡ
һЦȻѾԪӤڵʿԲһʱȫûйϵӰ£ķҲϰÿճ٣Իϰߡ
ÿնʾ֭İֻٺóԵĶҲ塣
ȻķһÿηǰҪһһﻹǰеĲ˶Թˡ
ͻȻķȵĴһӴվָָһ򣬵㿴ǱǸǲһҴ
Űķ߿ȥֻƽĺ棬ʶһɨȻһҴǡ
ݹ˲·µĴٵķղָķʻȥ
ۿɼҴʱУתͷһ£ֻղŻƽĺ棬Ϣıɱ̲ӿĴ󺣡
ķҲ̾һҲҲǸɽˡ
ҲֻǿϧһᣬͰעŵҴϡɽеֵĶȫչڿռǲȥҲûйϵ
ͷм߰СӣȻʿһŮ綼ӡ
Ҵһ߳ĶŹݺͰķ˵ǰ
ߵΪҪȼСҪϲ٣һɿͻŲ۷˼Ȼǿ幫ݺͰķ˵Ϊ֪ΪߣϾ˶ûϵϢ
Сɫ׵ӣݺͰķæŵϢ
ݳʵ
ûиܵ⣬ɫ˲٣Ǻͼ硣
ߺּ򵥵Ľ磬СתתȥһĿŹݺͰķˡ
طǺͼϴ½ͼΪ½½ֱд½б½ĸ½һŰѿš
ݺͰķֵطǱŰѿţϴ½½ر½Ҫٵÿ󲿷ֲǽӾǺˮԣҪ޶಻١
ر࣬ķǰһʾҪⰲ
ͼΪˮƽԭڵСҪ߲֪٣ÿ궼ʿͻƶɽڣȻɽ硣
ⱲǷȻĴôҲԺͰķⰲ
һЩͽ׵ݣݾ½ʻȥܿǾͿ½ء
ķɽѾãţ̲סߴٹݿЩ
Ҳⰲķ飬תôߵø졣ܿǾ͵˰ߣݺͰķ˰
һв񷸮ǵĵطôһطϴ½гǧɼ羿ж
ڽֵϣߵĵҩ꣬ݵ꣬꣬иС̯һֻĸо
ûʲôԴӹݵΪ֮ǿռͳ׳Ϊһռ䣬̶ˮ޵ļߡ
ɽȻر࣬ݴǧң˵
ϵ㹻࣬ȫܵһʿɹ۵ʯ
߾Ѫϻв٣ʯǿȥûһЩҩ¼Щ
񷸮ǻ̫Сˣһ½ڵĺ츮ȥ
½½ʮңԶ֮дֻҪһʴǮһյĹ򣬾ܴ⵽½ȥ
ʴǮʮƷʯЩʯԪӤڵʿ˵ʵ㲻ʲô
ԪӤڵʿǧ꣬ôʱƣܲ
ЩڰңʱͻԪӤڵģǶд֮ˣߺŽԿ׳ģǮҲ϶١
ǹݺͰķһö죬ûһ۷
ԣǵŬ׬Ǯ
һԪӤʿҪ׬Ǯ׵ģȻݺͰķ˲Ҳử󷨡ǿȥҸϡݣ黨ȸʯ
ֱȥһЩСɵϣȥýȵȡ
ݺͰķһݵ꣬ϵݶЩҲòϡ
ЩȫֻһǧƷʯ
ķƲֵĿһǧƷʯƺû뵽ôֻôʯ
ݿüȺЦۣʵ˵Ѿþû鵽ȱǮҪǮζ
˾һʳ꣬ķվǰ߲·ˡ
ȻԣǾͽȥһ١ݵ
ķԥһᣬҡҡͷǾֻôһǮⶴ
ݲ˵ʲôֱķȥǮ㹻ǻһʱġ
ȻķҲһ־ᶨ֮ˣֻͰ˸ߣɴ˦ݵ֣յܵǰȥ
˳һٻʮƷʯüطˮƽʵ͡бҪѧգԴԴϵ׬Ǯ
ķԱ󣬹ҸɵΣ
ķݵģֻںͷĵžˡ
ԣԣķ붼һ£ġ

Ҫɣȥ鹦ɱرǿҪķԴ򣬰ķһܴ
˳˻ܣʲôᣬǲҪȥҪȥ͵ʦ
Թ޶ǿͨҪǻþҪǿĽǣߴֲڵͶִ
޴඼¼ҩ󷨣ЩǾѧҲѧûᡣ
ԣķȥĸɶν
ѧҩӡʯľҩˡиֲݵĿռ䣬ҪҵռķݾԴԴϵṩ
طиڣǸҲСţмʮԪӤЩ˶ǸԪӤ۷ʿ
ݾȥһԣȻЩĹûмܴģӦûˡ
Ȼ繫ǰ㡣ֺ󣬵Ѱµϡ
ݺͰķһʮꡣ
ֻǡ
ڸǵĹȫǵҩǹ벻ġҪĿľ͵ʦ׬ʯµرżʱҲòʯ
Ҳи¥Ϊһʱطֻʱ̫ˣֻܿн׻еͽ׵Ĺ͵ҩ
߽׵ĹҪףȥһ󣬲ſȥһ¸߽׹͵ҩ
ݺͰķŰ

һ磬ݾĴ붨ϰԵȿߵİķ
Ȼһ˯ÿˮ
ЦЦ˱ϵĴ߳˷䡣
ڱǸһһģֻϰסһֻҪһ
ȱľǵҩÿµڶµӻгϷַűٹȵǲ˷ʱʳʡʱ
ݺͰķȻ⣬˵һҪѾǱܡ
ڶŪ˸мأҲЩȥֻ࣬ȥԣߵȥЩ϶С
ӿռȡ֮ǰõ⣬иˣܿһζʳе
ҲȰķһԣ⼸һֱ˽Ϥط˽Ϥòˡ
׼ȥɹһЩͽݻе¯Ҫʼѧϰ
ݳţǸͷһ˳ΪѹƵڣȥ
ĵҵ˵½ſģֵҩУ۸ҲڵŵʦĵҩҲ˸ָͽ׵ҩ
굤ҩ֮ȥ˷һ¯ָʱԸԥĸԼͰķһпռ֮µ
漴ֵݵԼ⼸տĵͽ׵ҩɹĲҩ
ò˵һǳʯ顣
ȫǵͽ׵ĶʯĶŻʮƷʯ
ö֮󣬹ݾڽ˼֪꣬Ҫѧ
Ǹ˵Ѿǧ꣬Щʿûô棬һ˾֪˵͡
ȻҪһʵͻǿԵģý÷һЩĹ
һԪӤʿǧ꣬Ͼ󲿷ʿ֪ԵҲûлɹ˵ѡ
Ͼ˭Ҳ벻ݣܹڶʮ;ͳΪһԪӤʿ
һûʲô˵
ɫ֪࣬Щʲôп֪
״ֻһ
ѽʲôˣһӴ˼ȵ
룬ԼҪҪת뿪òҵûʲôĵɲף֪ǲΪҩԵʣ궼ǳ𱬡
ֻһңرĲҵ
ߣҼҪعرգղӿˡݲһˣΪ߲ķĻָˡ
˼һᣬʵϰ壬𣿡
룬ҪǽһֱܵиطԺǵҸطġ
һƬطҪ㲻٣Ҳͻ
һݣϴȻףǶǷ¡ⲻҪؼܳʯǡ
ľѲ֣ȻһԸġ
뵽⣬ЦһջҵҪٿƷʯ
ݾûԣϾ﷿Ӷһ˵顣
ڹݴ㿪ڴӦʱһŮܽŭĵģòҪµĻҪϨˣֻͽ׵ҩҲò˶೤ʱ䣬Ȼ˼ȥô󡣡
Ů˵ǶԵģ߳ŭָŷŮȥ
ŮתԹݣλӣСŮӵİɣⵤԳԿ
ŭӣɱ˵˵˾Ǹڵĵģҵ
ݿɲ֮ĶԹԹֱóٿƷʯ¡
ٴЦһջ
ŮǶţߵһת뿪
װڴʯ
һ̧ͷЦǺǵĵӣǵ
ù
ֵӣ㿴⻹мˣ
ֱӴϵٹվͰĶʰɾ
æͷҪģл¡
һķһԹĿŹݣܼӡ
ٴˣСһƺԼһ㶼˽⡣ķǱȽϺ˵İɡ
Ȼķģóĵ¯ҩ֮˵üܼӡ
Ҳ֪ǲΪķ̼ˡ
һ磬ݿ½ʱһ¯ͳɹˡѰʿĸһʼǾʧܣܳɹҩ
ᣬĵҩһƷѰһͽҩĴֻŵҩš
⣬ֱʮŵҩһŵҩȥܰѳɱ׬ʣµĵҩǴ
֪ж౩ 
ֻ;ǰһƬʮ꣬׬ҪǮ
ȻݺͰķڵ˳ϣҲǾֻһ¼ͿԵģÿ껹һ
գۼ͹ȥ꣬˵һĵǰһؾ
ȻǲýؾֻҪ˸͹ȥٰ˸ͻͿԡ
ʱ˶ر͵ǴҪ͵ķ˯
ķ˯ݻΪʲô⡣ϾʶǸķɲǸֵķҲˣԭΪþ߾Ѫ̫ˣŻ˯
ɣ޻˵
ؾǹ鵤УûʲôвǾԶÿǶԪӤʿͣϾ·ʵڿǱڵΣա
ⲻмµļһܵǰȥһ֪ǲ⡣
ķ˹һۡദôˣȻ˼
ɵУҲϻһת ʿ˹ȥ
ݴ󲿷עϣҲû¡
ʱķҲȥת˲ϡݣЩڻһɱرĹ
ֻǣ˵һƪ£ⲻһ˲⼸¡
Ҳû뵽Լɱô£漸ƺҲǡ
⼸ʵٵģרɱʿĻξҪݻٵڵһ
ػز֪˶ٱ飬ǰйʿӵʱʵ·ҲûôΣա
ϴ֮ùݺͰķһȥҲֻΪǲƵ
ΪڵֻҪһµҩȥһ黨
ЩùݺͰķȥʣ˶ģҩʿæ
Ҳֻл͵ȥؾûʲôʿԸȥպˣⲻͷϡ
ʿϵ򲻹ܡڿЦĺ£߾ߡ
ķʲôһתҲӭȥ˺⼸ʿԶ
һƺɽ𻢵á·̶ƽƽģҲûʲô۵ܳ
һ˳ؾ⣬õڸؾԿףת߶Կףؾ򿪡
ĵһɵŶӣؾȥ
ķվһߣֻèһ۾ǰһĻ
ܿ죬еĵӶȥˣһ֮ؾ򿪣Ȼٰ˸ͻȥͺá
Կף˰ķһۣǻȥɡ
ķҡҡͷԼȰԿͻȥ㡣
һɻĿķȥҪȥ
ķһҺþöûдܣȥҼͷְɡ
˼һͷϾԹǧģɲһӡ
ݱΪŻ᲻;񣬳ϵǣźܴ󷽵ķŹǡ֪ȥ󣬻һƣһйԪɽؾȥֻҪǴݻ
ԪɽطֻԪӤʿܽȥÿʮͻһΣպýǵʮꡣ
ԪӤʿһȺֻģò׳սģʵҲǷǳġ

Ԫؾһ¥
ṫݺͰķһºһ£ڶ¥һʱһûһĺơ
Ѿ˺ü죬ȹԪؾš
⵽ԪӤʿƺر࣬˵ط꿪һΣôǡ
֪ΪλôˣƺΪؾҪвȥοһΡ
ݺһƺҲ֪֪£᲻ڰƸ֪ؾѹضʮꡣ
ݲᵤӦò֪ϾϢҲͽŴҲǹԪؾŵӡ
ķЩĿˡ
λӣǲȥԪؾǽΣһԪӤڵʿܹ
ΪԪӤʿر࣬ԪӤʵΪ΢ԲԪӤڵʿȺӡ
չԪؾϢ󣬾ԪӤҲʼȺĽӶС
Ѿ˼ҪҪһˡȻǾܾģиʲô㡣
ɫͻȻʼ졣
ݿ˿ɫŰķ߰ɡ
ķͷվڹߵȥ
ʹɽؾ⣬ֻؾһЩΪǸߵԪӤڵʿмԪӤڣǸһԪӤʿ
ʶ棬Ǹյãͼؾ򿪡
һؾɢһĭһԲЩԲдʮ˷֣ҲСָֻװСԲ
ƺǲͬѰһĻ
ȺʱҶ£ô¡
ûȺ۳ȻͼЩԲͻȻӿнȺȥ
һʿɵԲȥ漴ЩԲܻعԪؾȥ֪ԲǽȥĹߡ
ЩԲֻһ˵ģҲɼ˵ģһʮ˵ġ
״׽סķ֣ɲͰķֿ
ķһ۹ݷ˸ۣȴû˵ʲô
ڹ׽סķֲã˾ͱһԲѡУ˽ȥ
ЩԲѸ٣ȥȴƵġ
ϸĹ۲ΧһֻȭͷСԲڿƮһ漴һ³塣
ֻԲߵͷߵͷһԲСĿӣȻԲƵĴŴͷڳĶؾȥ
Ŵ۾ĿӲǸǴĳأƮŵԲһһ͵³ȥ
ԪӤˣҶʶȻܹĺܿȺͷ
ʵ˵֮ǵһμʶֳ档
ĵ⡣
ɼؾӦĳ⡣
ڹҪҪǿƴԲʱԲȴ˿Ӧ˼ǵģһؾƮȥ
ݺͰķȻȽϺõһȺʿ˳Ľ˹Ԫؾ
ԲСԲҪϲ٣˻ṳ̂ؾѾ档
ȥҲûô࣬һȺʿ󣬴ҷֻҪеƣЩԲͻŹǺ󣬲ʿӵơ
ؾ֮ʱвһ˽ȥԲôؾôȥ
ЩԲƺؾԼĹأǻǳݺͰķõʿǿտҲоǴŸ֡ݲ֪ݺߣ˵ɡ
ݺͰķԲһɽôĺá
ڼ䣬Щʿֱӱ޵ȻҲõıһЩȫĵطмʿȻһƬﺣŲݡ
ɽԲֱɢˡùݺͰķѾ׼Բɢһ̣Ǿٻɽڱˤ


 69 

ݺͰķĺƺΪֹ
˸䵽棬Ʊãܲһֵ̼ܸķһͷϷ
ݾȣû뵽ǻؾӭĶɽ١
ʼĽ𵤣ԪӤȵÿͻ֮ʱ콵׽٣Ƕ塣
Ȼǰȶɹ׽٣Ҫ׽ɻңл塣
ֻйݴͷβûжɹһν٣ھͷɽͻʱû׽
ùΪͻǲҪɽٵģֱӾͷǳʱݲ˽⵽ʿҪɽٵġ
֤漸ʿͻʱɽٵĳȻǵ׽ٹȻûзϣǶ˵ֻС˼
ϧ½ʱ仹̫ˣûмʶԪӤĶɽٳ
֮ǰҲ˼ԼΪβöɽ٣ԭ鹦ϡ
ԣڶɽͲ֮
ңνؾֵ׼ҩиַС
ԣ׽Ҳûôţеġ
ݷӦõһʱȰѰķƳȥ˽˵Ҫһɽ٣Ȳ˵۲۵⣬ҪΪǷʰӴ׽١
ãķƿļʱùݽĶɽٺùһЩ
ҹһ̣ûһ⣬ɢſζ
ò˵Թݲһúݡ
ķǵԼɽʱֻƤĶе㷢ڣĵطǺúõġ
ϲޣ޶ɽ٣ҪȺ޶ɽҪ׶ˡ
Ҳ֪үȻĥ
ݵе֪ΪԼһĨ»꣬ط
ңҲûֱӰѹݸûɢɹɹ֮󣬻Ǻĵĸһ߸õġ
֮ܶǿſʹΣжһ
ò˵ݺܻˣιݣɹõĺóһʱ䣬رá
ݶɹ׽ٺ󣬰ķ˸εĵط乮һ

ݻ˫ۣϰԵϿֻһϤӰһŴϺ˯
ǣþûǣһһ磬ߵɽ⣬ǻһʼµɽϡ
û뵽Լһһ֮䣬꾹ȻȥˡԼ˫֣Ȼһֱڴڶɹ׽ٺͷԼѾɡ
ݱ۾ʶһɨȻԼѾûһ˿
ȥˣҲ˵Ѿˡ
ǵðķԼҪһЩţҲ˵ķҲˡ
ĵϲáƽһЩ֮ɽȥ׽һͷûǵ޻
ڵ絹ûǰС˵ôײУƺǲĴڡ
ֻҪǣͲɱضħɽʱɱٽ
Ȥǣͬ໥ɱȴûĳͷ
Ȼûп𣬵Ȼûһȫޡ
ðķ⼸ûнʳ
Ҳûвȴչض೤ʱ䣬ķ˯೤ʱ䡣
ᰲķҪ֪ѣһʱҲιӡ
ңɽ㹻Σûš
ݰѷ˸ɽʯͷϣѰķѡ
ķƻԺţſһ۾ֱܿˣﺬС쵰Ȼˣ
ݺЦĿҵһ¡֪ԼԼе֡
ΪһʮˣȻ֪Լı仯Եʡ
ÿһ£Ͼܲܵؼ͹Ƕɹ׽ٰɡ
ݿǰİķаԺʱ仹أ᲻ż
ưķûΣҸ⡣
ķʿˮÿζΣǸ
һ㶣оϲ̻һ۲áȻϻ˵ö԰׽סһ˵ľ͵׽סһ˵θ
иһ飬תιķ
ķʵ۾ŴͣȻһ̵˽һ۾һȻġ
ķֻһ˵ݣĵ㵸С쵰
ڵȻеѰĵȴƤһ˿ۼƤҪͭƤ̡
ԣķһˣ˵ڵϣһ¶ûУ·ҲմһҳϴǷ¡
ݿſҪϵףһ漴Ĭһ䣬˸ƿ
ڵȫǿȰķʵ̫ˡ
ķǸĴģȫûʶղе磬ƿһ̻ʡ
˺ȱ֮ʰһ󣬾ʹɽȥ
Ȼ˵ǳȥ֮ʱʮȥˣǱϾ˵һ飬Ǵ㰴Լݡ
ԣǵĿҲǳȷ
ݺͰķѾһʱ䣬һӰûƵ΢һ˿ݾ֪ΪΡ
ǽʱؾΧط֪˶ٴˣ˵ΧΧʵҲûжٺö
֮ôԸ˵ÿؾҪ֮ʱһοŵʱһЩĵر׷׳
ؾдԣ˿һöõõ
ǵʱʱҲһ˿Ϣ١
ݶҲǳȤķƺҲһ˶һۣһͬΧȥ
ƺǳյΧһҩҩﻹмݡ
⼸ݣûбϲóͷԣطΣ⼸ȴúõĳ϶йŹֵġ
ķȵĿһ۹ݣʵ˵Թݶһճ󲻾õˣǾþɳһùͷ
Ϲ֮ǰֱ֣ʵ˵ɹǲĸϼһˡ
ʵͣķܿģȷʵǶʮӡ
˳ٳδҩǶƺʧȥģһͷԪӤڵ˳
ؾһһӶΣǶطһ֮ϾǾ󲿷ֵǸؾһɢؼ䡣
ԣÿܵؾʱǶڸŵرã޵ĵ
һͷܹ˵ޣɼ֮ǰѾˡ
ϸһҩһЩѾɹժݣҲԶ


 70 

ķȳ֣һ˲ʱ䣬һһ޾ͽֶ֣ǳûһᰲķϱѪۡ
ȻķҲһѪۣɼͷ˵жأϾֻҪһʵưķᶼ˻
ķ֮ǰʹȲҪ֣Ҳڰ߿š˵Ц̤֮·ʵսһֻƣ˼ڵʿʵսҪߡ
ô˻ᣬԿһ°ķж
֮򶷲ϲɣûһᰲķͻΪ壬ͷ޲
æȥⲻСıѹʵ˵ǵһμķı壬仯ΪƴСӣķӿе㺩Ҳеġ
ķͷһ򣬾գͷҲǸݽɫҪԱķᣬݸ
ý֮ǰǱгĵҩķȻ˺۵ӣûö೤ʱͻָ߰˰ˡ
ҩһҩݣݰƵԼĿռȥʣµŵȥһ͵Ǹлơ
ᣬݺͰķؾΧȥ˲ʱˡ
Ҷʶ໥ͷ͸߸·ֻڴҶһ·ֻñֺñ˴֮ľ롣
ͻȻһ𶯣ִһ졣ʶɨһ£ֻǲԶؾΧһĵطһߴĹİεض
Щڹʿæɵ棬ӵȫðղź͹ݰķ˵ͷкһˣҲٵȥ
ݿϵİķʵҪҪȥ
ķҡҡͷǰĶԪӤǰڣȥô죬̫ˡ
е㾪ȵĿŰķû뵽СһҲкµʱ֮ǰͦǿ𣬸ȥԪӤڵޡ
Ȼֻ룬ɲ˵òķ
ķһ뷨вˣȻЩ˶ԪӤڵģԪӤڵĸԪӤں棬Ҳܵš
ûãǹȫӵðˡ⹬֮ǰǸоͷߵɽ󣬵ЩԪӤģ۵ģֱڵܵģȥ
ҶͦгģϣҲûдЯֹ״һЩԪӤڵʿҲˣҲںͷȥˡ
ݺͰķҲȥϾ·ͻȻ⹬ûжʿȴҶˣٽȥһȲ
һ빬ݾ͸оůůģֻԪӤڣվڻߣûĸоƻпڴ˵ء
һô⣬ûʲôƣԵֲô
ŵСţҲһЩǹŵģǽʱͼһʿ߽һСžԶϣʿͬţȴôҲȥ
žֻܽȥһأݺͰķߵ俪ŵţһʱǰһŵֱˣһʿ˳
ʿΪأֻʣһģߵʿߣιһŵҩʿס
ʿ磬һԪӤڵʿ˹ݵĵҩ˼ѪִԼĿռó޸ĵҩ󣬲Ÿݵл˳ӿռͳűȹݸҪõĵҩ
ʩʩȻĸ˵ǻÿƽһ󣬾һЩҪƽⲻˣõĻҵţӳùƾ档ֻܽһΣҲȥ
ݵͷлǰ֪
ڰ֣뿪
Ȼ⣬ȻҪȥģеͷۣúͰķֿˣ˵ʵе㵣ġ
·ʲôƽԣһǾȥϾˡ
С½½һЩˣȻҲһЩȻִ򿪣û߳
ԪӤڵˣҲûмǱģڹˣŵвʿݺͰķһҧҧС̽һ̽ҲвŤͷ뿪
ݺͰķվһ򿪵СţԼͬ໥˶Էһۣ漴תǰСȥ
˿ţͱһɽһĵطɽﵽǰɫʯһȸССţֻǰռĴ󺺡
ʶɨһۣǶûϢܡʶ󺺴ͷɨβ󺺸죬ǴҪӴʶ̽ĻΪǾǻˡ
ӦǵһؿɣÿСźӦöһ׳̶Ҳһÿ
ϸİɽһҪͨعƵð󺺸ŪɣԣҪɢܡ
ȻݸնܾͶˣǾе߹
ݵתӭȥǵһԵʣһᣬͰܸɢˡ
ɢܺСžԶˣͬʱűϵʯһСӣʯð
߽ȥСӴ򿪣һöҩһö
ⶫòϣóȥʯ
õСӺ󣬹ݴСڶأһ߹СţСҲСһԶȥˡ
ڶسɽһյķ䣬ṹһСš
εĿܶڹ˵С˼һյĹ򣬾Ͱܸɢܡ
һضǰһһܴɢܼͨأֻԽĿԽԹ˵ⶼʲô
ڣڵ֮ʱǿš
Ȼһյķ䣬СǰһܴʯʯСţһ¯
ߵʯǣֻһ¯һϴ赤ҩģоһö򡣿СŵԿףһöƷϴ赤
ϴ赤н׵ҩҲΣռָС
˼һᣬóһöƷϴ赤СϣСûһ㷴Ӧֳ
ʦҲǸݵҩ׼֣ͽ׵ʦΪһŽףн׵ʦǾŵʮ˽ף߼۵ʦһʮ
ʮ׵ʦϴ赤ʮ׵ҩԣͨضԹ˵ѡ
ֳܵģֻҪɡ
ܿ칫ݾͰѵҩƳЩϴ赤Կ׿ǣԿ׿ڱˣڴͬʱСű 
ξȻûнˣɨһ۸ղùĵ¯һӰѵ¯Žռָµ̼ҲûзŹ
ǰǿһؾǸƵҩϴ赤ƹģĵҩûҺЩҩƷʮݶơ
ݰѸƺõĵҩСϵʯ޿ϣ޿һգСŻĴ򿪡
ֻһͷףӰģվСǣĿ


 71 

˺滹һСţɼﻹյ㡣
Ҳûʧöô׵õġ
ҲǻˣӰеãǴ˵еĻһ˾ĿŹݣȲ˵Ҳûκζ
ƶһ£ᵹǶˣҲֻ۾ǶģһСĿ¶Ҫų
Ȼ֣ûһ㺦£ϸɨһ䣬ûκʾ
ݶһ񣬹ǰ
˾ڷɢʧŲűˡ
ȻȺ¡
վŲһĹ򣬷һ仯ûУȥ
صһСԶ֮󣬹ʵĸܵͨˡ˼룬ó֮ǰǹʵڿһʿĵ£Ϊ֮ǰǫòԲŻͨء
ݲµĲĹؿÿСﶼУвٸһƾƷǳõĹˡ
Ȼ߳ŭߴΪ߹˵ĻǿͨصģЩ򲻵ҵľͱ˸¡ؿɲþǰиźţȥֻˡ
һһСŵˣΪһԲϾȥˣΪ򲻹ˣʬ嶼֪˸
һؿûнѾù˰ɣϾؾûٿ֮ǰЩݲ֮ǰûп
鹫ݵʱˣʮǸտʼһյķ䣬һͱ仯ˡ
ڰ칫ϣϤİ칫ң˳˼˼ǧ
ڹݲ֪뵽ȥʱ򣬰칫ҵű£װľƿ߽
ܲã¸Ŀļƻ顣ྫµޱĵǹݵĵ֣˽±ȽҪõѡ
ճǸ֮ԹѾϰһǷǮӡ
Ѽƻݸݺ󣬾ͲŸ߸Ьת뿪
Ƴһۼƻ飬Ѱƽþķӣȭͷ̫ʵˡѵ˵ҪǰӰӾѹؼŪܳƽ⡣
ĬĬڰ칫˼˽ʮӣڤڤ֮УβΣա
֮󣬹ݾƻ飬û֮ǰƻһĿȦЩͶʡ
ʵҲûʲôĿģƱʣֻΪģȥ飬֮ѡȦΪսԣȦû漰
ƻдõͦϸģ嵽ҪǩЩˡ
ݴµɨһۣǩµļˣͻȻһϤӳֻдŰķ
ݵһӱе˼
óֻ°ķֻֻ֣ʾˡкķôǸ𣿡ȵϢ
ԣаķСһﻹûг
ֻϵѰķϢǵֻ֣ܿϾʹϢ
ݵ㿪ļһ۾ͿڼϵƬȻϤ
ͬ磬ķѾǸ仹ûгСһպǳꡣ
û֮ǰõһʱɹʮգ˵ĿǰѾǵˡ
ʱһɱݿһ۵ĻÿʮˣǶʮģ
ֵͷһԼĶӣȻһѣţеģûз
͵Цһ£ݲ칫ҵĵ绰˵Ѱķǩ
ü֮дģ£ԽãݼҲģһѺɤӵģķռ
ǰķһųɫȦȵСֹ⣬˶һ͵ģǳྫ¿ɰġ
ʵ˵֮ǰͲ֣ϲľǷܲסķϰֹ˾СɶҪɷͰķ
ķϰڹ˾ģǹɷҲֵǮǿϵģǵϾԼҹ˾ԱЩܰͰɡ
е㲻ģ֪ķǸؼģȦȦӣ뵽ԺӣһϢĸо
Ժܡݽŵ
Ⱥ£ԣԴˣĵ̶ȡ
ȻȽ죬ǹݸ鲢˵ҪһֱŮĸҲȤ
ԣ򲻻뵽ϰ壬԰ķвɸ˵˼
̰㱻ǩԼˣְֶڲ绰ԼҶӡ
ķڼϷӵϢĵĴλһһֱ롣
ͨ绰󣬰ķһĻֻȫǶѵŭ
ķ˼󣬵ЩݣԼĺϢԼûѡ
ͰķϷļ˶ʵʶģڼﰲķСϲ£˸ڰķƨɺ治֪ʰ˶β
һ̣˶ԼͬΪķľ˸еͷۡ

ݽѰķǩ֮Ҳʲô顣棬ڻǴǸؾʵҲȥʲô
ԲӦ䡣
뷨ݹرĵֻԼ֮ǰסľƵꡣȻݼеǳûзġ
ִֻռǣû֮ǰǼʲôҪ飬ӣ
ʮӿе鶼Եϡ
ݲ¿ֻеԼǳûзģܶǸû֮ǰһ
ϱӣҹڻһ£Ȼ뵽ѹ顣
ϸ룬˾ÿ¡ݴڰ칫Һ˼һ硣
ᣬķǿĵļϷ֪ǩԼǸˡ
ΪýӣܾûôʱϷǿܾûʱȥϷ
֪жôġ
ա
һ磬ķԼϴͷȻϴ˸衣ھǰ滻˺ü·ְֱˣžֻһ׳»кڿӡ
ķĿһ۾ԼȻúÿˣʲôÿ
ķСʱȥˣǰְּȵֵĸġ
ȻķȽϻ£Ƕ棬ԼǸԱġ
˵Цĳ緹󣬰ְֿķ˾ȥ°ķҪȥǩͬ
ְֿųڵȺ̵Ƶʱ򣬿һԼߵĶӣипࡣ
һʮ͹ȥˣһתԼҶӾҪʼ
ʵϲķȦģκζӾϲ̨裬ϲֱĿĹ
ӲϣܹĵģԣڰķԼҪǵʱ򣬰ְֳ˼ûǴӦˡ
ְɨһۣڰֻĶӣ̲סֶȻᵽ˹˾ţȻȽϸ䣬ĳǲģ˵Щأ㲻Ҫϡ
ķһ߿Ļһߵͷ֪ϰúÿ
ܿ죬Ӷ˾λڷĵĹ˾
պϰ˵롣
ְְѰĴλʮĺֶһķת뿪
ᣬĻѾ˺üˡ
ķ˲Լͬſ漴ƶŰķЦЦķҲ󷽵ĻһõЦݡ
ķ֮һߴְҵŮ ķһȲ衣
ķòл֮󣬺һȲ裬漴ɨ˻Ｘˡ
һԸеŮţǵ±Ƚȶһλ֡þ֮ǰʹԭĹ˾ԼһֱҲûдҪǩԼ¹˾˼
ķΪҪɵģû뵽ȻǩԼҹ˾
ߵŮŷ෴ŮݣƽʱڼŮķ񣬳һѡġ
ǵѡĿƻѡλŮųȽϲڵλλѡˡ
ݰķ֪ǵѡĿˮ֣ݵıȻ˵õһеõڶǿԵġ
Ȼųǻвٹ˾ϵġڣѡҹ˾
ˣͶķСķûĻϿ˺Ͱķһ֪ҹ˾ҳġ
ͬڰķĳྫ£һŮ˵ģһǿɰģһ˹˹ĵ֡
ܿʱ͵˾ŵ㡣
Ÿ߸Ьȴ߽Ǽ򵥵ҽһ
͸ķһݺͬķ֪Ҫ͹˾ǩԼֻǼˣŮְġ
˾Ҳѡ˳һĿͬѡ㣬⵵ĿϵǳɳĽĿ
ǩ˺֮ͬͿʼ֯ҵļˣöĿݡ
ȻҪԼ룬ҵļ˶ûϾ˾ıĲһøߡ
֮ǰķ⼸ɵˣҪҽһ
ķ֪ԼС֣ĽɰĽй裬˹˹ĵĽĩB
ڰķŬʱ
ṫԼ칫Ϲ룬˵ʵٵͷеţǺ¶Էʶİķ
ǿҪ裬Ҫǳ裬ٲȻϷ
ķҲǸЩѡݣʶϣܳΪȫְˡ
ȻҪһһڳԡݵ赸Ƚǳرġ
Ȼһѧ赸Ȼٺúó衣
ʱԽԽӽˡ
һʱ򣬹ݾͽ飬ʱҪ밲ķ˳Է
ʮһƣʾдԲ߻ͦ
ЦȥԷɡ
ķ˸һҲҲڹ˾ĸڣط˶ǷǸԱԹرá
ڲ¥￿λãת棬Ⱥ
ķеĿĴϧʲôûпΪⴰľֻܴ￴⡣
һ ݾȷ˰ķݣǸˡ
ݲ۵ĿŰķ߽˲Űͷתɶſڡ
ʵ˵ݾԼе̬Ȼģſڡ
һ飬Լϰ˸ͷߵݱš
ǸţݣķСǳò档
һͲһ߷ϣķ̧ͷȥֻһӢŲƵڴ߶
Ȼķûǰļ䣬ֻлþļ䡣˿ϰһӦ¶һֺõЦݣķҲ⡣
ݵûоʲôԣϾݻþķ֪
ԣͻȻ뵽ΪʲôԼôѣȻûлûơ
ֻһ˲乫ݾͰ֮Ժ󣬻úͿЩܹҪҸЩ
Ǹķ˽˹ݣŴͷ˷׷׿һá
ݲż԰ķЩʲôڳԷʱ䣬ϰı֡򵥵һ£Ͱѳӽ顣
ȻƽԸ̬ʾˣʲôϸʲô֪ġ
ԣһٷ˹ݡµˣ˴֮䶼Ϥ٣İࡣ
Ϊһϰ壬ǰ볡ȷı֣ԹݳԸ߰˷ֱ֮󣬾뿪ˡ
뿪֮󣬾Ϳʼ߻κͰķʶమ
Ǻİ칫ͷĬĬһ̣˵ʵڵģӳԷڣȥһʱˣȻûһõķ
˵취еģҪǾ̫ΣҪǲʵҪǾԼ̫˽ˡ
Ǿøֲá
ڳһ֮ԼϾطʲô
ǻþαؿô࣡
һº
ķߵ̤ϵݣ¥¥֡
߻ĽĿѾˡ
˰ķʣµкرܻӭҲرֻǺڵġ
ԭ̫ˡ
ǳ㰲ķ֪ġ
ķϲǵĸоҲ֪Լıǵġ
ƫƫÿΣƲסԼ
ֻҪǸķ;ԼһͷʧǵҰһ
ǵ䣬ղҵԼ˵ǹ
֮ǰв˾ҪԶ뿪⵵Ŀ˼ķǼװס
˵ķ˿Ҫ˳ȥķȻǲġ
Ⱥ˷赽ȥˡ
ķ£ҲΪ顣
鲢ǰķ
һǰڹ׼չжʱԼΪȻϢĻָˡ
һľʹһϣ㲻㣬һֱӱ۵ǰ죬Ŵ״̬
ǣǣʶȻУмƵģÿնظ֮ǰ
󣬹ݿԸ֪ЩƵġ
Ͼǻþһнпܡԣû˼ȥ̽ΪЩ飬û߼ԡ
ңݾԼҪоȥָ÷衣ĳ仰˵ѧľͷѧ
һʱ䣬ݾ˽ⰲķ飬԰ķµ֪
պãѵʱ򣬾з˿ֵ
Ϊ飬ͻȻ뵽һǳļƻҪķ
˽⣬ķʻӦ
ܲáķִ߽ٵĵ
ݶǰŵİķŬѹе궯ʵ˵ķӣǳġ
ЦЦϲʲô
ķҪܾģȴʵģ֡
һڣ˶ˣڰԼûбⶫķкڵҪ
ȷӦûණ㿴ҪҪѡġ
ķٴβȰɡһСˣʹԼ͡
ֱ߾һݺõĿȣʶĵݸķ
һٶΪ˳Զʱ궼ֱ˴ˡ
ķӹͽͷһڣѱӷº֪֣ⱭӺͦģһĹ֡
ķһֱűӿʶԼʲô¡
æѵҸղûкȹһۻ𾪵İķ˵Ͼϣÿ춼ϴġ
ķعε
һ󣬰ķɤӵҺܱǸΪҵŵҪ
ΪţķֱӵֻҪ˳ʲôԸ
˵꣬仰ķĿݡ
һʱ䶼زķ̬ôоһϲζ档
Ҳûиоķȷʵеϲݡ
ΪһˣݵķӦȻǿģվߵķߣӺ汧ɳƵҵ˼𣿡
ķͷһ̻š
ʵ˵ڰһμʱ;úϤӣΪһɫˣܹ˵ϲ
һ̣ԹҲĸо
ȥͲݵ飬Խ˽Խϲˡ
Ȼ̶һ£Լе㰮˹ݵĸо
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Ǽʵһ䣺𣿡
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Ȼһȥˡ
պվǰķݼٵʱ䣬ҪԷķȻһڴӦ
ա
˯ʱķһֱڻԼ󵨵ΪȻɹʧˣڰҹĵ֮ʱʶʧ˯˹ȥ
Ǳʶ֪ǸϢӣԣֱ˯硣
ʱ򣬰ְϰ࣬Ȼǲ֪
ҹûʧߣֱͨһϣΪ֮ǰ飬ֱɱչء
׼ͰķһĵһٷȻҪڼŪԵ塣
ֻǱŰķһᣬͰ˷ſˡ
˵ЩķǱҪ˼Ҫ̸
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Ҫǰ˻˵ȥ
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ֻһ׵ģһڵģ׵Ķ֪֪׵˲Сڵľ㹤ġ
ǰ׵ֻ죬ķΪûѴϷģԾͷŷˡ
ݣ
Ȼе㲻ģԼɰķûڻݻǳҡ
ķ
һӦȹҵ绰ʶԼʲô֮عȥϿҵĵǸԲ˯ˡ
ǿɰԴ˾
ݵ͵Ц˼£ʵ룬ȥ㡣
ķһַֻ˹ݣ˵˼ԼԵĲ˺󣬾͹ҵ绰
һʱܵԼԡԼͷβʰһ顣
ְǸģּµģԹûмǮ
ԣڽ
ݰſȥӰķķϿ϶ûг緹ԵȸǰȵȽϺ 
ݸķ绰ʱʮһң밲ҵûжԶסĵطıԵ
ѡطΪûĲԶΪ̫
Ȼǹգǲ°߷ڣ·ϵͦͨģŻ˶ʮӣݾڵС
С֮󣬹ݾʹ绰аķ
ЩŮһԼᣬΪױöٵһķҲΪھѡЩ·˷˲ʱ䡣
ڹݴ绰ʱͷʪģϴĻǰɫԡ¡
ǲýŰɡ
ԣķǺҲһͷ㴩·ˡ
֮ǰʱ䴿˷ѡ
վڳŰķʵʶķʲô
û˼ˣе̬ĵĵȺŰķ
ڼķһͷûвɵͷʱݺûʶȻðķȰͷ
Ȼǲðķһͷʪͷߵġ
ķе㲻ĿɫõĹݣеСί
ķı֣ݿЦĿŰķ㻹ίôһˣ֪Ȱͷɡ
ķŬŬҲûίôҰһ
Ȼ֪ķʲô˼ݻǲ뵽ȥ͸ķȷʵеˡ
ߵʱվһߣȰķš
ķӶȥһʱ޹ı鿴СԿǴˡ
ݣ
ʾⰲķķŪͷ
ʹ
ĬĬ¥ȥǵݼ˵ɡ
صһʱ䣬ҳķͷһ߸ķͷһ߸ķĦͷ
ݿǵ͵ķ磬Ҳ֪ķҹû˯ã̫ˣȰķͷɵĲʱķѾʼСࡣ
ǰ󻹲ʮӡ
ϾķͷҲôǴ죬ӰҵݼʱѾɵòˡ
ǺЦĿǰˣڰķԴ˸Ǻ󣬰˸ˡ
ϾʱˣķĶӻǿտյģҪ˯ҲȳԺ˯
ķҲû˯ñȽϳݵ˼º̧۾ɳ
״ݴȵѰõŪ
˭֪ʱ򣬰ķӴˣһѱסݲߡ
ķͷôˣ
ķҡҡͷ漴վ۾յȥ
Ҫǵơ
ʵķǲǴģκ˯ѣԴԺܵҪһ顣
Ͼ칫ݳ˱һĳһûже㲻ҪȥЩʲô
ķֻҪǳǳ˫ӡĲʲô
Ķ֮飬вӵĵΪǡ
һ֮󣬹ڰķһǣŷſķתȥ
ķȴɳϣָ궯Ϣ
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һߣЦʲô飬ֵô𣿡
ķһۣϿҵܲ³Ȼǿĵġ
ЦЦ˵ԸһӣԸһ𡣡
ķ¿룬յݱϵԸ⡣ö˵ķԼ졣
ķʮ꣬һ뵽㣬ݾͲЩʲôҪ磬ܻѳֲס
Ͼ簲ķѾǸĴͯ
֪Ϊ˸Ϊԭ
ݲڰĻСʱ ͺʵʹϵϾķڷС
ݵ뷨Ǻõģķġ
ΪһˣķĳЩճˡ
Ȼȷ˹ϵһһҹķԼѾȲˡ
˽һ֪֮жܻӭģ¹ݱСߡ
ԣ͹̸
ķڵֵסϣݻǰڰķ¡

ƿӣ¶¶ֻ汻˼ӡ
ϻڳ˯İķһֱš֣Ѱķֱ̰۸ڱӺ
Ӻ󣬹ݻָģ
߳ѽĲ˷ŵЩڵİķǲҪԺá
ķչƾͺ࣬󷹵ʱЩˮѷ΢Щ漴˼ˣŴӳ
󣬹ûȥаķȥϴ˸裬ϵζϴ֮󣬲Ұ˸
ߵߣڱϾĿһᰲķŰ˸
ķ۾һ˲䣬ݾͷ̬Ծ
ϤĵΪԼ˸װ֪ķѾָļӡ
κΣķ̽һ۾Ϳ˹ݡ
ķǸѽͿľʧˣؼǲǵûã˯ͼһС
ؼǣ塣
ȸ״ȵġ
ķԸˣ֮ǰǸʶʵҲ֮ʱûļ䣬ԺһЩ߰ļ䡣
ͻȻķĶӽϵһͺֱ࣬쵰˲顣
ԣķӻӦõģϾ͸ͨ
ֺõЦЦȳȥԷɡ
ڰķҪ֮ǰҪҪˡ
ķָָͣ˵ιҡ
ѷýȻһһڵİѰķι
Ժ֮󣬰ķǾͻָòˣǴɣҲ˲١
֮ǰķ˯ʱ򣬹ݾ͸ϴ裬ԳԱַİķ̲סִ˯
ʱݸڱϵֻˣķ˿봲رԶ
˼һᣬڴţһþƳ͹ģĶǼٵġ
ֻǡ
κ󣬰ķ̲סˣ쵰㻹ûϴ𣿡
ԣݸеϴ ת߽ķֻ𶯣Ȼġ
ݽֻݸķǰְֵ硣
ᶼϾŵˣְȻǵĵġ
ΪķԵʣݶ
ԣƽʱķֻһܵ˾ϰ༴ɣÿҲֻҪϰСʱ
ݿ˵һǳĵˡ
ķɴû߹ҹŰķҪסˣְһӱý
ָİķǿɲʲôԱֻýӹ绰һ׵ɣƭְϸס
ǹܲãڰְ̫зˣְַĶˡ
ķҲˣЦЦĿŹϹ
ݹҵ绰󣬰ķԷ̵治Ҫĺչ˵
޹ίġ
ԣķһʱ֮䲻֪λӦ
Ҫǣڵеʳ֪ζĸое㷢ȣЩʲô
ķֻеߡ
Ҫˡ
Ϊһޣڳ֮ʱ岻øǿ׳һЩҲڴɬתΪ졣
ı仯ζų
ķû뵽û꣬ھǰ
ķݺݵĿݣŭΪ쵰
ķԵ粨һϣװķôˡ
ԽԽˣķ̲ס
Ƿ˰ķʵôˣ
ķǶݺݵĿһۣеѹƲסˣְѹݳ
Ȼǹģ͸
ʵķҲҪҸŮޣκþֻйݣɸΪ֮
ԡ
ΪһͷޣķǷǳǳĳЩͨ˱Ҳñͨ˶಻١
ݺͰķûûĻ˺ü졣
󣬹С
ſ۾ֻԼֻص˹
ṫڵķرĿǷ滹һСš
ֻ治ͬǽʲôûУǽϻ˸ָĹͼ
һͷˮھǡ
棬طȻΥĸоһɶӶζ
ܺͰķܵͬһþðķҲ档ҪȻôԵ֡
һ߽䱸һڷ߶
Ȼطܴ󣬵ǽл񣬱ĶǿյģԹûҵĵڶ
Ӧð
ϸĴǽڵĻӦøбĿռ䡣
Ȼ˴֮󣬹ݳɹҳһ
ɽ˰ǽڵĳλãǽںһ죬ǽİȥγһͨ
˼һᣬǾ߽ȥ
ͨǳرĳݾԼ˺þõӡ
ڣǰһݿٵǰȥ
һ̤ͨͼһһĻײǻƺƵģŹݼȦ漴û빫ݵԴ
ڴͬʱü˸Ϲһǰķ
ݿĵӭȥ
ķݺݵĿ˹һۣȻڻþ顣
ֻڲǼƽЩʱΪŰķļʿڿҪԹ֡
Ϊķı֣ʿҲΪҪѹݵϵһʱûзķ
ķó佣ʿΪķҪԸݵģҲ⿴һĻϾڱʵҪ
ʿҲþУþܽƻʿ¶еֻ̰Ҫڻþû㣬Ǿͻڻþһֱ
ԣ⼸ʿǺΪŴӻþġ
ݺͰķ˹˼ûûӺ󣬹ݱ˹Ȼ˵ģķΪڵõ㣬Ҳһѣʹӻþ
ҲãþΪǹǰĻɴûŪһʹ˲١
ҪȻҲô
Ҳǹ㣬֮ϹݣҲΪˡ
ʿ뵽ķ佣Ҫնɱǡ


 72 

ڰķһ̣ݷǳĬӭȥһ𿪴򡣼ʿڻˣΪأķ͹ּһᣬͰ⼸ʿŪ
Ȼ󲹵ʱ򣬶ǹڲɲϣ㵽ķͷȥ
ְ˸ɱ󣬵ͻȻһ𶯣ҪæקŰķܳȥ
˸յ棬Ĺ͵ӳʿ٣Ҳвʿ档
󣬲ùݵ˾ͱͳؾ
һʿ˦֮ʱϿյؾһӾͱը
ͻȻһҵĸо뷨ǸģԼصʵʵģԷ˸֡
ݻеŲԳһ̣ͺͰķ뿪ˣʿв١
ԣ˻Ҳûʲôע⵽ȥϻ
뿪֮˰Լȵȥ
˻зǳ𾪣֪Ҫ뿪½֮Ҳûʲô֮⡣
ȻݺͰķؾûʲôջ񣬵ⳡƽٴǸеǳȵġ
ӵ뿪
ķʱ䱬ˡ
һɰķȭߣͺãζŻлᡣ
ҰķûһԲϣ͵͵ȱһ٣Ҫضˡ
Ҳ֪ķǲˣʳ֪ζŴͰѹݸקȥˡ
º
ʵô¡
ķ˼󣬡ҵг衣
ҪЦˣҲҪĵ¡
ķűӣ˼˺һᣬ˵
ĿҪг裬ÿնҪҲ̺ˡ
ķŭһ˵ϡ
Ҳôһ˵ԴӺΰķ֮ദĳͨ졣
ķڹһֱŤĺӡ
ԣггɣķľͺá
ÿնȥд½ļƻҲִˡ
͵ÿʮ£Ҫһء
Ͼʵе˼ҪǱ˸֪ƾͻ鷳
ʱƣݵԽԽ࣬ҲŪԼϵĿռ便ж죬ռȻֶΣ֮ôռӰ졣
˱չʯ뿪ġ
Ϊߵĵطˣȥʶ࣬ԵȰȥĵطȥĲ֮󣬹ݺͰķѡ뿪
һΰʱȥ
ķĬԼ͹һʵ
һǰݿһߵİķº͵߰ɡ
ķԣϰϹݵ֣Ȼ̤ȥ
лҪ˵ľ͵O(_)O~~

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