صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

ϣҽ
ߣ

һ ͨ

¡Ʈѩ
Ժæµֹ飬жδѡ
үѾڴȷϣ塣
䵭һѪɫãͷϽڣֶѾá
һ˿ȻûԲŪǾͻȥɣǱ޸ˣ
Ʊһ˳ѣ˸һ
ò˯һᣬôи˳
ԣ
Χ˵ľ֮£ƺȻ˹
үڴŵͨˡ
Ƶǰһס°ͣ䣺ƣ㲻ûţ
ХǰˡӦһʹϮ
˦ˣ
꣡׼һˤˤȴֱһ
㡭Ŀӣȴּѡ
ҧƣ֮գ㵨ҩұձ㲻ӡ
۰׷Ժӿ໭档
飡
ΰƱֱӵϣǷ׷׶㿪ſڵϹͷѿ
̧ͷĿ⣬ҧҧ޳УһƤңŮ˶
²λժλΪͨɱ˰ӿһ۵Ťŵİƣתȥ
ҲϵİƣƬʣһˡ
ƴӵ￴˿Ŵȥ±۾˼
ԭǸգһֱԲѣʱһμϵ۾ͱסϧŮΣԭôϲôֺãջԾǹ
ԭΪ˵õ壬ҲǲϧһֶΣһ޶ϵȫ
ԭи󽫾ĵڴйرõϵ۵ء
ֶԭ˳谮
ĵҲѡ
󽫾֮ɽΪŮҲǰмӣʹԼһͬĵָܹܵԭ
ԭóԸ̫»֮ҹ̫ҩȥ
ð̵ĵùֻΪʵиԼעһ֧¿ҩ
ãԵãȵӾ綼Ҫá
Щ꣬õĶʮһҽֲоӢеľӢȻ괩ˡ
Ƶǻ괩ľȻǸͬͬյĸ߼ϡ
޺ùԭҲǿҪû˱ʹҲܳôҩȥ
֪岻ҪҩҲ򵥡
Ʊۣһԭص䣬ԹߵĽǶȣٶʹˡ
󣬰˫뵽ϵ۵Ļͷͺ˼Ѿùˣ⻹Ϊͨ
¥ǶģͨѾͷò
ɹͷΪˤˣʲô޸ĴˣȻôʹˡ
ĿһУϲ⣺ӦЯǰ֧ҩ
ⶫεǰάܣгǿ޸µǣԿʷǰķϵͳ
ԣоﻹһ谭谭ƺӰ쵽Ϊ
̽ͱ׺߹˵ߡ
ֱӽ˷űĵ
үľԺûүó롣
ƿ˿棬ᣬޱȡ
û̸ǣ
뵽ԭǸ첻µزµĵһƣ˴үү߾ˣ
һŰ߿ƴӺԺ˳
ĺԺûˣưй۲ţôȰѻˣҹΪԭˣҲѽԭ壬͵ǻˡ
ǰǹ¶С޿һҪиңҲԸΪԭָġ
ƾ߳Ҵ󽫾
ƼװεڽǰܼǡÿæŽȥ
һŻˣⲻǴС
ܼҾʧ룬æȥϽ֮ɽ
ڵװ
ִ󣬼ԭǸԭ˻Ĵ£Ӱ£ֳŮʮ꣬ϽҪ޿κΣҲŰƺ֡
ô裬Ҳ޶ȵģϾ£Ϊ޲ҪԭȥϽ᲻֪
Ͻٸϵƻ,лһѱסƱһһѿ
ҶίˣҶŽһգʱ䣬͹һεڸ⣬˶
ƷۣŮԸ˭ˡ
ǡǡҪЧ
(δ)

ڶ ʥ

ƻǰˡ
Ѱ佫֮ͬɽȳƣֽ޳ӢȻ٣üһɺȻ֮۰Ƶı飬Ѱ˸ĸǶ졣
Ʋò˵ԭ޿Ƣû˵˫ȫӢۣǸһյԭҲû˭ˣ
丸Ůи˿ֵĵԭܺõȥƴʱҲޱԭֵ֮ǽ壬ġ
֪ιʣ뵽֮ɽԭĳ谮ĵ׾Խ
Ϊ佫ʹ֦Ҷּɱɱԭʱ̵ֲ֮ģǶԭӦŵԭɨء
ƵԴ죬֮ɽ޵ĲУһ°֮ɽû£ֻǻʡ
סʲô
˲ɿݣƲЦĲҪһ仰̲ˣĵǶʮһҲټġ
ƹɻ󣺡ҵͷժˣŮΪͨͨʲô
ʲô
˫ŭɣø㲻㾹˶ԱҪʥ
ס
ĺݣǼʶģ˵Ų̫ӣͷһȥӲӲʱԿԼˡ
ȴΪƻǰһ壬ԼķæƭҶģֻ˵˵ûϿԴ
ҲǸ˼ҲҪЦˣ䱻˻飬ܱסŮһϡƹ˿˵Ҽ۽ǵ伸ᡣ
Ŀһʹƽʱа첻µزµŮȻΪ˸˳ģ
æӦȥһϣ˻飬Ǹǧģ˻飬ȥɲзϣһˡ
ŭѣŮƵã
ŮˣǿŤĹϲŮֻڼ֮ʱᣬϸոָ飬ھ˻Ҳð죬ȥһϵʱҪԹɫҪǹ岻ңҲҪᣬÿʥһҪֵѻ޿С
ϲŻףܿ࣬˻ʱס
ýյŮЩͬ˵ﲻͬƵҲЩ֡
Ʋԣ˵˶ԴңѾˣֻýҲ۸ȥҲ򲻿ΪŮ¶˵ϡ
һεδ𣺡ĺŮޡ
ҲޣȷϢŮ±˵
ͷ֪ˣúţͷϢ
֮ɽߺ󣬰ԼҵıӰ
ôĵôϴ󽫾λõģѵֻһǻºģ
Ϊи̣ڿÿԼıˣ
º
ھٰᣬԸҵĹС㶼ŽʥҲ˰ơ
ص¸߰ƣһ꣺쿴Ǹ˶ˣǻϵĻʵܣѵҲڲҶʵڿ
Ůò㻹Ҳɾ
ƵǾãá
ɡֹƵǺףϽģƾŮֻҪ룬ͻ׵ġ
˲ǿŰЦЦ
գŮһͬ硣
˹ţ˿ʼ˵ģ֪˭©˷Ѱ»鵱챻ͻؽ˳ȥ˾֪
˵Ͱ˻ȥ
ɲǣ˵Ϊ˵ó裬ϧҩ
ҪȥۣסǽǸʲô㲻ǵˣ
ŮŵͷסԼȥ˺Ƶĳ嶯
ƵǾãͦȵġ
ʮȢ˸ϱ˸ŮȥӴ˽ͳ˳ŮħֱŮѳ
սƾͱԶӰȥ
һˣ㻯ɻҽҲʶ廹˭
ǸŵţõˣӦþǾǵһŮƶˣةฮŮǧ
ʱ˵Цվţ˵ӣףԭж൹ù
սͷһƬ̣
λˡӡС㸰硣
ﳤһ˶Ǳ߿ȥɣһպöϰơ
(δ)

 

Ŀӣ⡣
ǲ۶Ȳ棬˻ϾͰѺˡţתװû
룬ȰߣͱסôҲ밲ѵ˵Ҽ죬ضǵˣ
ꡭ
һƥͷХתҪɱ˵ĳ嶯ҧгݵƼү
ԵѱŮʱŭ壬ô밲
ñ밲ģȻˣѾΪͨȻûҪˡ
һ˰ס
Χ۷׷ס
ü΢,ôͱˣǲȢôãҲޡ
һʱƽ˾һգʱǶԸʱ򣬰Ʋתߡ
ţ建Цһ밲ȻǲҪ£㡭УͳԸеߣ밲ƶУħ
ҧƸү밲
ΧһȺ˵棬˫ϥ¡
ڱǰûʸԳƣҪƼ檣
峤
ӱֱٴԣ檸ү밲
˿̰ӻ˻Σεû޳Ҷ
֪ûŹƣ밲Ҫи밲ӣͷ밲
ʺ˹ʮ˴ջ˫ְס棬ͷ밲
ôתԶˣ
ûϵǰİС㣬Ȼ˳úСèƵġ
Եʧķ緶һӰƵϿ˹ȥ
˼פ㣬׵
ȻͨҲûʸȥˣշȥ񷿽㣬ҳĹȣ
˵ΧôЦһΣҲ޿̣ƿڴ壬̫㵱ˣ
ΪŮֵ첱Ӵ֣ʱӵɨɨϴãȴδ̫
ҲˣֻһСŮӹⲻȥãơ
ŮãίˣŮҲˡ
ƷŰ·ʲô׵飬Բһ˫۾ŮƷŮ
˵ǽȥɡ

ҪѪָָĹ塣
Ʒ˵ѵŮΪͨͲܽȥˣŮͨҪģŮҲǵŮǴ󽫾ϻʺĲҲ˵Ůŵġ
ƵȻ֪ûô࣬ΧˣڹǰˣǴ󽫾Ů
ӦΪȻƣҶĪ£еڣĪ˵ǻϵ룬칬Ҳȥá
ŮţӲϵ˶ȥˣŻϻʺݵŸŰ֮ɽһȥ
ź󣬰ϥ£Ůϻʺ
˵Ϳʼͷ
ʱչ죬ϻʺ໥ӣҲǲ֪ν
л˵޺ͻʺϵʾ⡣
ȴϡ
֮ɽһŮίˣֱӸϹˡ
ϵһΣָָʺ㻹ɵŸʲô
ƳæӸߴѰ֮ɽ֮ɽǸʲôлú˵Ҳɣӡ
Ƴôһ˵֮ɽתȥƣʱƻš
һУ
Įվһԣвã֪ԸҪʲôá
ⶼǿмˣʼʩﵽĿģ
ɫԶϹŵŮ˿ȥŷֽİƽʱͬɫãȫκε׺㷢ҲС
գڣһ·ܴɫʮۡ
ƣ˵Ϊ
Ż̧ͷͷΪײʱʱѾѪʩ죬ɫ԰ףһģ
ϵ֣ôǴδ
ϣŮ󡣡
ƼΧˣԹ
֮ɽʱʮֽƣŮĶͷ۲ѡ
ϣŮҪ롣
һýԱ𾪡
Ҫ룿
ԣҲ࿴һ۰ƣŮˣҲ֪ܹݣ
ϵ۷ЩͷԣΪ׷壬ƿνôոճɻҪ룿
ʺƳҲЩ֪룬ɵÿԼƶһۡ
ƶͷ֪νİЩô֪ʲô
ϵĿɨˣ̬죬ηԸڰ䶼°ɣ޽мҪ
Ǹˣϵڼݷǹ
ǹǻʺƳ޹ƳȻҪ밲ƹȥ
һ·ϰƳĬǹ߾ĲѰ
(δ)

 

ڼݷǹϵͷֻúóԸҲУ
֮ɽֺޣϣԳҲˣȻҶΪͨǽ֪кȥ
֮ɽͱˣⲻڴ£ϵ۲ͷҲţû뵽ֳ
νͣϵȥ
嵭Ȼ޲ܵޣȻȨǳܵļ£Ͳͻϲˡ
ʲôնģΪһƷھһܹˣϵһӡ
ת治ȥھҽҵͨ
軵ˣϵָָʺƳ
Ƴղãæϡࣺ壬лú˵
ϣ׼Ů롣﷭˸ۣõ߸ۡ
ʵۻһԾŶˣ⹬Ϊ£һ㶼ûоԾƨ
ãʡ۱С㡣
ô˵
忴żǰ֪ˮӣȻ񼸸˼
ﲻ֪ģЩꡣǳٳûӦ
Ů˺ˣʹ˷Źδ̫ˣң޲ĻŮܾʹ˷֣
һͷ˿ţ
¹ʹӣߵףʥŮҲΪ뺦
Ŷϵ۵
Ů֢֮ǰЩӲŲ
е˼ڣߵһ߿ϵۣˡ
ϵһ£ģ
ʼѪ²ⲻС¡
Ƽ¶ɫڣҽһ֪
ҽ
꣬ҽǰλҽַһ
Ѫ㣬ѵá
ϵۿȥ֮ɽ㿴
ϣԸ롣֮ɽʹ˵
Ȼ֮ɽŮֻǻҲѰ˼ңһҲֻܱ
ϵۿ壺أ
ֳСŮļƷë⣬糱ĴһСڣܲ롣
ʼղڣһڰƾ͸оâڱ˶ҶУɶأ
ϵۿԼĵĻʵܣһҲУҲУޣ
ܼȻȢˣȻΪ˳Ц
շȻȢڴˣڱŰɣҲȱһڷԡ
֮ɫ
Ůֲ۸֮ɽŭڡ
վǱˣڼҴӸ޴ӷ򣬵Ҫ̸ô嵭һİ֮ɽѪӿ
ϵ֪ϴǿָ飬Ѿ˹壬룬Ҳǿ𣬲Ȼᵼֵܲͣñ˳Ц
Ҫ־͹ⰲ֮ɽŮϹڣ
ҲʲôֻΪѵ֮ɽ˼ԣ¾ʹ˴ס
ȥҲ޿κΣֵֵܺαȣ
һһɡ
ү˵ǣȻүϺ룬ǳŮԸʱŮ϶䣬óŮؼ£һ˳ŮʵڷĲ¡
֮ɽ˵Ҳáɫںһ㡣
⡭ϵĸΪѣ벻ˣϺϲˣʱʵţҲáȻТģ׼ˣ
˵깬ȥ
һ£֪ǺˣҪ嶼ݡ
һ·صѾһٶ͹Ʋϵ
԰Ʋȥ롣
Ϣһ죬׼ȥһЩҩġ
Ű߽ݾΪܿͻǣû뵽ȴڰ·ײ˸
Ҳĸ⣬ӭĲƶ˭
ԩ·խ
ô۾ƶĳһŭָŰƵĳʣ̬ҲǼš
ƶֹ¶Ƶ񿴰ơ
ôڹﶪ˲ܵˣ㽫Ĵǳ쿪Ĳɣ˳·ײϣûеˣƶһɫãᣬǰȻ޴棬ȡ֮Թ
ϸƶйƬ̵ͣԭļ䣬޲֪ƶĽ壬ͰУԣƶҲǺ͸ԭ
ĴųҿģôţУбһȥϳʲô£С㲻Ӷˣû
ҲǺǵģ˭ᣬİһƶƶֱ£ϹأƶݵĿ޲ӣѰֱ
ƣ˵һΣƶָŰʡ
ƾʲôģƺЦƶˣһһѹƶȭ
ҪûаƵƤѰٻ
һͨ˼ԼߣҪƶʼ
ӴϷʣС㣬δĹſھͨͨ˵ô˳ڣ㶮û࡭
̨ͨŮ֮£ĴС㣬ǳ̸Щġ
㣡㲻Ҫ˵ƶߵͨ죬һʱ֪ס
Ƶļ¾ԭ£Խô˵Ҳţƶײ
ȻҲѵˣҲ벻ɵľ
߰ɣƿ
Ʋƶ˳ȥ⡣
ԩ·խ߼ͿС˾ڸվš
˿䣬ֱ䰲ơ
֪͵˶ˡٻҲ֪У
ôĹôˣ
ű絶ĿдŪͷΣõÿɻ񫣿
Ӣ̣һ
Űƹȥ밲һתˡ
ˣ
ٶ֮죬էࡣ
ԶԶƮŮãǣ
ʮ·
(δ)

 

ƶ㿪˸طϢһᣬ̫ܼУҪúõ
ϢһȥѰҲҩ
ܿ찲ҵҪĲݣСŵ׼ˡ
űķ֣ʮ߾Ȼи¡صĲռᣡ
ǻƶҲ߲ۻġ
ۻĵطǻؼҵıؾ֮أ뱻˷ֻ֣ܶڲݴ档
˭֪˻ߣŰƴ
ʱ˼Уߣߣ
ߣ
Ťͷȥһ˵˵ϡ
ûȥƫƫʱ˷û취ԭʧֻӲͷԼͷݣվ߳ݴԡ
˽ǰƿϵˣκҵĴС㡣
ʱκСĽױҧˣǶߡ
Ѿԣ˶ʧ롣
ЩԥǾȻǲȣ
ۿʱ䲻ˣƱҽ̬ȣߵһߵĲݴ棬˼ҩŽ׽ߵκСǰ°Ѳҩ˿ϡ
˭㡭С㣿
˾Ƶͷ˵һҩš飬κС죬ҩŽȥ
һͺˡ
׼뿪ȴס
¡
סҵС㣬ˣ
ƽʱܸƶķУ԰Ҳͺ֮ǡ
ƶԭԼ޽ΪƶýãǿģֻҪƶͷӦʡ
˭֪и޵ĵһ´ļƻҰˣûлᣬ쵹Ǹõˡ
ֺƶܳ
ܷŹ
Ҳû뵽ᵱлôĳңԭ»ǲСܰǵС㶼ﵽҲǲס
С㣡뿪·Զʲôʱܻȥ
Ҳ֪ʲôطȥˣû
ƣ˵㱻Ϊ͵ȼ澣ôζܰɣԵ⣬мɫҲǳ硣
ƴһۣθɣѲ㻹Ҫʤ׷
㡭
˵һ죬ôҲû뵽Ʊȹȥţ֪
治Ҫ
һ뵽ƴʱĴ̲ס
ҪҪʲôϵܱǿôҲŮˣôˣҲǹҺ£㵹룬Ҳûᰡ
϶ΪϼԼؼվӾܳҧͲ¿˹ͷˣ

ΧôЦȺƶԽ֣Ȼƽʱ裬Ǵˣ˴ûôϬ
ôô֣
֪ߵģΪֻ˵ĳڣҲЦҪ֪˻ˣ
ǡȥݲң£Ҳ飬ô֪ġ

ΧٴκôЦסֱţ㡭治ҪҲ˲ˣ
ȥҪĸ˭
˵ҪߣȴƶȺ˳
ƶͰƲϣҲ˲֪ƶƾ֪߲ˡ
СȱС˵ǿûжġ
ƶ˵Ǹһ̨£˲㵽ƶ󡣴ʱƶû˵óǰģǽ켯ᣬǵĲӼۣû뵽СҲ
ƿȥЦѲֻСҲСǲ˵ǶǲӼˣҲǣ
ƶɫһ䣬һƣƽ֦ҶǺһû۸ƣɵ۸ôҲû뵽찲ͻȻһˣ˵ʲôˡ
С˵ʲôＯᣬŲд裬ȻǶģҶҪ׳һģֻǲ֪Сʲôɸǳʶأ
ƶ϶ƶһЩ赶Ū顣
ͻЩ໹Ҫ⡣
⻰С˵ģͬд裬ôǶ׳Ψǳʶˣѵ˵ǳó󣿡
ƶģС㡭
С㣬ɲǣһһС㣬˭ѲǰС㣬
㡭
ƶ˵ΧҲʱƶ壬ƽʱƶ죬ȷʵЩ֡
ҿʼͷӶ۰ƴΪͨ˴̼Ż
ҪдôдҾˣҪؼ˯أ𿪰ɣ
Ҫߣƶԭ̣һ˵Ҫȥ˯ʱ۵Բ˵ȻˣβϲգҲϴҿأ
ͣ£תƶһĨĺȷ
(δ)

 İ

ƶҧȻ
˲ƶǾǵһŮ˵ƣŲŮҲں
ƿһΧû˻ȥ
ôԣ
ҲǷҪ½ѵһƶֻҪȣҲ߲ˡ
ƶʱһϵȹѣȥǰ棬ȺвСŮӣ㿴·ٿЩˣǸˡ
ΧҲᰲƵĸܣһЦ
ҲǷˣʮһ͵ŮžϲˣΪ˹۶ɣطˡ
ǿЦ˲һȶѣã
ߵмӰƿ˿ܰڷӣڵ͸߸ϵĶ
Ϸֱ黭˰Ҳˡ
ѡɡƶܵȻ˵԰Ƶ
ѡͲˣСǾǲŮеıʣ˶鷳ұԣһʤ
ҵ黭ƶЦ
ôüңƶ
ƶᳰƽʱ赶Ūģû뵽㻹Щأ
᲻˾֪ˣСѣҰڵ֣С⿪ǡ
תһѺ棬ָŲһᣬܿһ֡
ƶǲں˳ȥ뿴ܰڳʲô
ǰ΢΢һ䣬סˣ
˿Ҫ֣ƶס𶯡
Ƹᣬת𴦣һ֧ʣ磬ֻдһ֣
һȺ˳ȥȻȻȴǺ֡
ʲô
ƶǱ߿ȥɫѿˣԾƾҲд֡
ߵһǰ˿ְ̧ī֭棬ѹڻֽϣֻһ
ߵǰָŪ޷
ȻЩңȴˮ·⣬˲ɵ÷·һ硣
ȻȻˣ
˶ѣٿѾˡ
ƶγѣתѰҰƣһһǰЩģʱֽ˺ˣҲˣǰϺõ٣ʱҲˣ
ƶתæѰҰƣͲˣҲ˼һһʲôûУȴˣ
ոǰô
̲סʣƶתȥʮϬ˾æű첻Ҷԡ
ƶҲ֪ʲô飬ֻǾøոʱѾûʶҲ֪ƵʹʲôԻơ
ʱҲĸ֣һһ߿ָСܹѵҲеһ֣ϾҪϲţһЩֻǿԼ
ٵòȷʵɱҲûô󣬸ոյһ˲Ժ뵽ǻٵǰһУĻˡ
ѵ˵Ϊҩ
ҪĻǴ˸ռ
ʲôʲô
ԶҲ˹ץһֻβ׺Ҫֵʱβ׺ˡ
˺굹ûʲôǴħԣǣ
ͿһȺ˾ۼһɵվš
˿壬һϲӭȥǰסˡ
ƶ˹壬̿˿Χˣ˶첻ԣС㶼һߣŬԼ̬
ƶ΢΢˸ӣ硣
£Ÿλˡ˵깬͸ȥ
ͽƶδ˽
ƶΧ˭Ҫ©˷ɱ顣

˶ҿ˭֪ƶĽǵĻʺ󣬶ƶ˽ﲢôǵˡ
ƳɹߵҲԵãԵãҲɽ·Զ߻ȥȻе㲻ʵʡ
ʱ㣬ûô࣬ȥɽҲۣϺƶǶ߲ˡ
һڵԲ˿࣬Щ·
Χ˿˸ԱܷĵطȥϢ㰾˽ߡ
˭֪Ϣطб˿ˡ
˰ƺǺˣδ갡
ˣҲûˣ
忴ɽһİƣʱɫȾŭ⡣
ĵãûӦѾֱ˳ȥ
ԭȴֱ˳ȥƸоͷҪѿˡ
壬쵰ϧôԼţᱻģ
ŭѡ
ڵҲˣ˶ѵģĴҲûôͺá
ǿգֻһѹʬΡ
壬У۸Ůӣʲôˡ
ɫݣ룬ȥˡ
΢΢һ̣˶ڡ
ҹ䣬ˣҲֻܵҩָ
ʱͷһˣƻȥǹӰ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôЩ֣ȥ͸
(δ)

 һ

һѰǹŴõĶƲ֪ʲôǷһĶ
Ƿҵġ
˵ʱѾ£ƻӦǸһ´̽ؿڣʹðƲҽһٰѶγ¶óԸЦ⣬Ͷ԰˵ȥɣ
˵һ߿ƣɽ£ƾôɽ¹ȥ
ʼգɽ˶ûһ㶯ɼж飡
氲ƵļֱˣԭиãΪܺãֻΪƻɰöԹ⣬ץ˰ãʱþʧ룬ѵʱײϣײˣӴ˰˰ơ
صڣүѾɱˡ
ԣɢƲԾĽգòŵֻΣˣŮˣҲá
ȷҲûֻǵɽȥˡ
ۣʾⲻض˵
оԼհ¶
۾̾Ϣһԭ˵Ҳǹùˡ
ҲãˣҲָ
һȥǼһֻܾʲôҪȴѹš
ҩ޸Ĺ죬һҹ߶ˡ
ӵΧ۲죬˸ȥĵ㣬ȥ
Ѿˣ˵ҲǵùһͿƶǴӴ˴·
֮ǰɽ˺ʱѾ˺ܶࡣ
ֻСС
Ʋ£˹ȥ˵û뵽˵·߿羰ˡ
ʱָŰ˵쿴ҿⲻôôﰡ
һСУܿе˶˰ǰƶ㲻Ҳֻôһɽʱһ߿ߵƶ
ƶŰһ϶ɽϣ¹ڲӣһơ
ֻƶ˵Ϊ˭˹أԭôõô
Сİɣ˾ҧ˵곯ǰȥ
ƶ߬ȭͷƣ㲻ҵǸݹѣ
ƺЦС㶼ͷʲô
˵갲Ʋҡڵˣƶֱš
ԶƺЦԭôˣ
صƣԡ£˯˸Ⱦ
þܿ찲˹ҵֵǷꡣ
ֵ˻϶
ʱôҸڣȻѰƸͻؽһϵ˸ڡ
ƣټʱ֪ʲô飬ֱȥҰˡ
ŹǷʲô̫õˡ
ԡ£ƸŰһ
ϴνμ࣬ƷŰһͬʥ
ʱҲˣſڻһ֣ſڵ˭ҵģô죿
˵ǵˣ
ö˵ֻܰѻˡ
Ҳûʣȥ˷ǹ
˷ǹǰƿһˣͺ࣬һɫ·һɫ磬ëһͷڷ죬ׯվ
ƵĽŲͣ٣˵ıӰԺкʲôڷӿ
ܿһЩƵУСлԼȻ궨µĻԼΪϦദһֱá
ԭҪڳ˺ɻ飬ŰƵĺһδԵޡ
ǰźɫŮˣǹǸ÷δӾ
ֻϧλˣΪƵĳ֣޸˶
̫ϻӣǵϵۣǶС塣
ϵۺ͹һĸǻ̫ĺӣ̫
ֵ£̫ϻжӵдֻˣϵ̫ϻʱµĶϤزۡ
ʣ¹͹£һǰһ
ʼõҵǰѹ͹˱ļá
ȻϵȻ׳꣬ϥûŮ£Ҳû˸𣬶ʺƳҲ˵õۺûе٣裬ʵֻһˡ
ף֮²ŲΪ֪ܡ
ʵϥӣôλĴҲ˻ʵ۵ֵ֮Уƫƫʵ۵ֵûмֻй͹ˡ
ôɽ˭бԶ׼
ԨүүǵϵĶʦԶ󽫾ùü޸˵ʺƳĸ磬ϵҲû˭ˡ
ԭƵı㹻ǿ뵽λȢԭɡ
ôȽϣԭ˲дƷˡ
ʵʡ
ƵֵתһȦûԭȢ˾ǻλļ̳˾һǹ塣
Ȼƫ̻ģƾϵĹϵҲӵǲ
ֻ񣬾㵱İѻλ壬ǴҲͬ⡣
ǰĺⰲҲˡ
ڹ˽ԭ
ֻùеˡ
ߵſڰƺͰͣ£תƣĵ˵ͷ
Ʋüѹֹᱻס˸Ҳڶˡ
룬ƶǸ͵ģ
ǻôڣ
(δ)

ڰ ϳ

ּߺˣŰƣҶĪ£ȥ
Ҳ£ԺҺܿ
δⰲģȰ
һ棬ǵʲôͺȥ㡣
š
ɿ˽ȥλһţƽɫ
˷ǹ˫˫ݣʱƲ֪ǹȥϻʺ󣬻ˡ
Ůݼϣʺ
檰ݼϣʺ
ɡϵ˵ƺ;һͬ
̧ͷϷʱ壬
˶Ӣ
ʱ˷ֱɫɫ·ͷĶǾϽڣƻǵһοĿʹ
˿̵ھϣҲ񿴹壬Ȼεļãһ˿˿ΣȴڹһĽӲбƿˡ
ӢۣӢۣӢվӽɽˣƫƫĽɽ˶ԭˡ
岻ޣ⡣
ԭҲǾȡ
ֻ˭˭ˣùˣ
ǽҲ£ֻǻʺЩģŽǽ顣ϵ۵
ǡ
ĵͷϣƲŸŻش
ϵΣҲôģǺõģЩ̫ѿʼ棬Ҳ޷
ɡ
ʺȥ˺棬žȥʺ
뿪ǰ⿴һ۹ǱߣȻʹˣǹӲ
ǹڹ£ʺ˵ҲΪ˱飬ǣӻʼѪ¶кμƻҲ֪һʼ˶Ͷѡѡ
¹ش󣬳ԡƳĳȣȴ¶ɫֻͷ
û˵û׻ʺ̬ȣ»ʺ֪ǽ
׹ҲǺЦǻʹŵһ׵ġ
ʺ屧Ѿʺ׼ƺ롣
£סֵĿʺ
ʱҲףþŽҪ֤ԼҪġ
ƣ»Ҫӳ飬ҿȥͻ˵ɣҪͬС
ʺǷŰ
һȥ
ʺϣƸ˵Ҫ롣
ĺƣ̹³ŻϵߵͷϣŮ޵ܣӱʵڲʺз֮񣬻׼Ů롣
ãں΢У
ۿҪƣǲںȴں˵зް壬ϵģᵼŮУұ޺ҵʺˣ
񣬳ͬ顣
ƣսأˣ
ϵһţⰲС㣬˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ӣٿվֵ׳꣬ȶ࿼Լ⣬ֳܵ˽¶ˣƣߣ㡣
峯ŷǹȥƱ£ǹˣǳ𣬲Ȼֻܸ뿪
Ůˡ
ҲΣת˳
ոճžʺ󾪺ϣϡҽ
Ȼתɫһ󣬰ǰһ˹ȥתѾһţʺ޿Ŀ
ǰȥıŻϣʹ֪Ǻá
ƲֽкãҲн졣
죬ȡ
ҿ
ҪȻŭ
Χǳ̫һ²ҿˡ
ʱʺصĿ
ԥƬ̣ǿڣһһҽҿ
Ϊʱܲɱ֮һȥ
˵սֱۣһ
Σôȥ˾ˣɫˣ
ˣ
һʲôɿһǳʲô˺ˣһͱˣ
˵갲Ҳ˲ֲ䵽ʺжȻرܣһҪѻϺĶŪá
⡭ʺһ¡
忴ǰԲѵŮˣԶҽģǸºݻβãǧУ
βãϤ㡣𵽣κˣֻ󷢴ȱ׼Һ롣
ʺ˱֤˶;
⵱ڣʺ󾪺һ¶ϡ
û˵ڣһ´ȥʺһεˡ
ơ
ҧŭӰƣȿһؿڣܶһĿڴʹ
㡭
Ҫˣĺá
ڹĿע£Ƶٵİϵ۴ӹĻŲϵһ߷ƽ
˽ƴóһ룬ȷסϵ۵ļϸһӣ֮զࡣ
һĨɡ
ֻưѪνϵ۵ɫŽ͡
һ˿Ϣ˺ȹһǵĲָƣɿסƯĺᡣ
ϣȡ¹ؿڵ롣
忴ŰƵϬޱȣ̫ʡ
ƱԲȥ
ƣ㡭
ˣ
ƴϹĻ
ʱųϵۿȥæѯʣ֣
ƿȥ˭˵ʼ飬˰ɣ
ôˣϵۻЩʱǰѣΡ
忴ĿѾ˼ѯʡ
ƿʼſںߣǳԻˣ￨סˣŮѾΪϰסĶ˳Ѿûˡ
ϵ۲ţ㻹ҽ
˭֪ҵŮǸҰѾͷֻ֪Ū
ػϣŮСҽ飬ڴʱġ˸ڣʱȴоͷƤ飬иĿ
Ҳ˳ۣҲںٸںԵӡ
(δ)

ھ ׵Ļ

ϵۺȻʺڵţ̲סָָ޵Ļʺôˣ
ոջɫѿʺ󼱻ģιȥˡ
ƽ͵ʱ򶼲˵̧ʱӲȥ۾
£Ҫǲã˾ͺƽľ
ʱҽķɱǰߵϣˡ
ϵˣϸ첲ȣҲ첻ˣϽʺ󿴿
ҽһ룬ʺһ룬ʺţ۾æϣϡ

ϵסʺǸж
ˣȻµͷ
ʱŴƣСˣ
ֹҧ˵ģӲǲҿ
£ǲ˲¹ͷĻʳ棬ףõĻίȫ
Ҳ֪²ýոʵûʱ̫ùץ˰ѱ
ϵվתϵ۴ŻʺƳȥ£һŻʺƳ֣һϸĴơ
޵ǲ֪ı£޵ҽҲضðɡ
ϵ۴ʱĿȻºͣȴİıλϵˣô򵥵ģοûãȴ˶ʮĻʵۣⱾ漣
ƵԴ࣬ҲգҪġ
Ůֻϲ͵ѧ˼գʲôܣϣϲҪߵΪұܡ
ƹؼʱ򣬰Ѱ̧˳
ô˵ϵ۴ʱǺܸȤ
ϣŮСϲҽϲǹŪŮٵƤҽ˵ҩѼҩˣԺӶǣߣҩʱԼҩҵ鶼ˣΪҲ죬˵ҪҲͲҪҡ
Ҳ֪࣬ȻǺµģҶԿֻ͵͵ѧϰ
²֪ϲҪߵ
ƿͷϵŻʺֳŹ忴ȥ㿴أ
϶ɡ
ֱϣ̱һϿŰƣʱİƸձԭֻйһֻϻҪŪʱֶһ
ղΪʱ򣬷ָȤ飬ϵĹ͢ˡ
Ҳֻˡ
Ҳǿ㳤ģΪҶûУҲǿǸŮˡϵ۵˵
ϣֻҪҵʲôԸġƽԼſһЩ
ϵ۰˰֣ˣ˵ɣɡ
лϡ
ʱƿϵ˵ϣɷҡ
ϵһ֣ߵĹ壬վҪ״ˡ
ϵָָ塣
һб˰һۣ룬룡
˵˳⡣
﷭˸ۣǸ̬ϲȴ˩ס
ϵ£˵ɣҪ״Ǻ룿
ǡ
Ƶͷ̧ͷ
ϵ۷ĺ˼֣Ȼ֪
ϣŮ֪˵ʲôŮм²֪òʣ
ʱ򲻸ҳκ£Ͼûͬˡ
Ҳóϵ۲ǲʲô
ಡ֮ûйãֻزˣ֮ûй㿴޵ͣл᣿
ƺȻףϵʵֻӶװ֪
ϣŮӶۡţʮĲ֢ҪΪ˵Ҫǡùľ
˵йزˣô֪ļٵġ
Ǿ͸޿ɡ
ϵ۰ȥŰƹȥƳӹеϵ۵ǰ֣һ˵û
϶ϵʣĿһĨݾ
϶
Σ
С
ƿԿ϶ֻҪģΡ
ƺ֣ϵϵʱַȥѾǲ˸ҩϵԹܣĹܣ෴ĹܻǺܺõģֻˡ
ǳĳֱҩ屻
ɣ޵ҩϵ۰ջȥʣϽ£
ʵľͱʣղžޣ͵ɡ
ƺǺˣʲôϵҰ
лϡ
վлмַֻҪκϵۣͻˡ
£ٿǿǣȻ룬ҲǿȸҩˣһˣͻԸ
ǣϣտҲաĴá
˵ɶֻƨ¡
ϵ߳ȥҲ˳ȥ
ʱ治ǻʺƳ͹壬жͶ
˿ϵۺͰƴӺϵʩ
ϵ˵ҪҲǰĪҪĲϲͺɡ
ΪƶҲǲġ
ƶﰵϼ޻ʱƶϵ۷ǲĻ!
Ȣ˭һƹˤҲ룡
(δ)

ʮ 

롣ĮĿŰƣǿ͸ˣЩ˶á
ˣͲ룡
ʱίŰɣ޻Ϊ۸㣬ޣȻʰ
˵Ŵһƣ޵֮ݵŰɣҪ۸㣬ޱǡ
ƸæӹȥߵлŮлϡ
ˣҲˣ³ԷɣҲЩûˡ
ǡ
ϵ˵ŰѻʺߣĸĿԡ
˿̣ƣＵʷڣ״ƣεȵҫ
ȴһƬ⣺Ҫúţʼ֮ʧ
Ƶû˵ʲôôϵȰѲκá
մȾ˻ʮֲãɫҲǺѿϲƣǸκķ
Ҫô˵ĵǹֵ
ƾͿһһ͵ģǲмΣʲô
ģ
ǰãоϥǹʹԼҲ˸Ƨĵط׼һ˿ڡ
ϥˣ
֪Ȼ䲻
ׯվڰƵǰЩƱˡ
ãͶ񡣡Ůˣԭļɲôơ
ûҩԺҪ׼һЩȥˣ
ģ̧ͷһûٿڡ
ưѿȷ£ȹŪá
뿪ǡɿĹȻľˤˡ
ǶҲǵרԶԶһ
ˤǾˣ
һ£ûعϾʹһʹ
һֱӵڵء
عͿֱһӶ
ʲôûƾʲô
쵰ˣ۾Ժȥˣ
û뵽ôʹ֮ݺݵĶŹ忴һۡ
汾Ѿ㣬û뵽˹㻹ô񣡡Ŀ⣬ǡ
ƴӵתŴӵľ
ΣæŽͣҪǳãûˤһӡ
䣬ҲǱ
ƿüȥģʲô׵ģֻ΢Ц˵棬ŹԼýȢӣͷΣһ治Ҫ˭ҪλҪҪ
һΣ֪ôظ
˵ʲô軰˰һۣתȥ
ӣ壬֮Ҫ㻹
ŹȥıӰףȫ԰ѾȢˣΪʲôûȢ
౻۵׼뿪û뵽һˤ˸ʺ
ˤƺһ̧ͷȴӸµĿΰҵ
ˣǷʰ
ҧӵһ߹ȥû㿪ˣһƨ˵ϡ
ɨɨ֣Ƴž߹ȥݺݵһ¾̧ţûȥɣʺϵۺ͹ˡ
˿ڵ£ƵĽŻû£Ȼˡ
һ˹
˼Ҷ̱ס˾۲ѵʣô
ûû¡
Ϊ˱ӣȥѯʣɫѾй¶Ĺ֮顣
ǶŶ˵ģ۾ȴǿŹģʱ۵ײˮίĲ֪Ǻá
һסƵĲӣ޳ָԲģ
ɫѪ죬˫֣˷ۡ
ҡ
һѰ˳ȥƱˤڵϣͷѿˡ
һֱ۶á
ӵǰߵһ߿ﴭѼ˳̶סֱֱۣľ壺壬Ϊ˸ĻŮ۸Լţڵһ졣
ˣڣ

۵ͷ󺹣ԼҪڽˡ
վں󷽵ĿƳſߣ
ԭͺܽƵĻȡ
ʱƵĺҲȲȥӲǴӷǹⴳ˽ȥһˣæ嵽ǰơ
Ҫɱҡ
Ϊۣ׵ˣһȥҲ˭˭ʹ˭
˻󣬹͹ȫԿ֮ɽ
֮ɽ㵨·ϣԱ㣡ŭ
֮ɽ˿壺㲻ɣҪ˱ŮҪѪ
ǱͿôѱѪģᡣ
ûȴڼӽ˹Ը֮ɽȴЩ
Ƴᣬ޸ʹ
棬ȻӢսˣһжҲʤȯգһƳŹȥƺȻ
֮ɽһƫڹϣһѪ³ĵڵϡ
̧ͷʱһѪʱ
ү
ֶ˶žȥżæȥס֡
үҪҡ
ϣһϡ
ҽˣѰƸŮѹȥȺ䡣
ɲףҿ˭ң
Ȼû˸ҡ
ƿһ۹壬ϺˣҲ֪Ϊʲôʱûоɱ
(δ)

ʮһ ̫

ܵܿ쾪ϵۣƸűеϵ۵ĵ
İ֮ɽϵЩһ㣬͸ͱô¨ӣһ̫̫ˣô
ϣѵ̫ĺǺӣĺӾͲˣʱߣûһƴ
ҿѳˣ޵Ļʵ㶼Ҵ򡣡ͷ
ʺƳȰοϣȶֻҪͻû¡
û£ҪǴˣô̫ϵһÿվŵĸŮ֮ɽʱɲҲϵһ취ûС
ʱĵѾ˽
̫
ɤӺһĵùģ˹ܴ죬֪ȥ
ӭ棬һɫĽ廨ţͷϴŷչͷΣĴŮһǳȥȻʺļ𶼻Ҫ߳ࡣ
ȣ㴩ſɵӣҲĳޡ
̫ˣϵߵĻʺҲǰĻ̫΢΢Ц̫ˣ
ҪϾͰҶַˣϰ㲻ôҪ˶Դ
̫ﻰ´ҶдƢ޸ոѾúýѵˣ³̫Ϳ޵ϷŹɡϵ¸̨˵
̫Լʮ꣬ò绨ƽﲢţǣӲ
ʱϵ۵ĻһԹϰǲǿȵߵ磬ҹ¶ĸĺ۸һ򣬶۸ҶʲôϣھһͷײҲȥȵۡ
˵껪̫һߵȥϵ˵̫Ϣŭ̫˵̫Ϣŭ
һãϵۣϵ۴ʱͷö˭ˡ
˵̫ȵǰ谮ĻʹڹУǹ⣬̫ĸҲ޷ĵλ
Ȼʢ֮ͣ£ȴӿŲΪ֪İ
ϵҲǽѣ
ϡ̫Ȼһ䣬ࣺȻдʱţʹߣǰ·ܲôˣҿҲðŵζŹƽ
̫ΪͣοǱҴĻ󽫾Ϊ´²ףȥҲЦϵ۹Ϊѡ
ʺҲ˵ƽʱ³çҲǻϺͱݵģ̫Ī¾˰ɣ
ˣ̫ȥҪȥײӣǲˣ
̫
ϵۿ֮ɽεԼԼɣ
ûд֮ɽɴ಻Ļָ̫Ű֮ɽֱ¡
Ǽʶˣ첻µز£̫Ҳһ裬ӣ˶ӣҪˡ
ʱ˶֮ɽǻҲûʲô취˵ˡ
̫ȻܾôˣָŰ֮ɽˣҰˣҪûˣ˾ôˣΪʲôط
̫ŭҪ֣֮ɽҲ£ָŻ̫˵̫ƽʱȵ۵ϣ֣㾹Ȼֺô˶£ȥúý̵ܳΪŰͺߣȥǰ˵Ұֻظ
֮ɽˣٹݹֱ㲻
̫Ǻ°֮ɽ֮ɽ첻µز£һа٣̫
ʱϵ۷죬ҲͿ߻̫ˡ
ùˡ
ưԺЦʦҪˡ
һɺԣӺ
֮ɽ˵̫̫ǽ֮˵ݵλ䲻ᲢۣΪ˸ĸǶĸƵǶûҼѵͲˣ
֮Щìܣ⣬ɶΪʲôҪϹͣȷʵ˶ҲΪƣұȵ͵Ĵޣ˵Ƕǻ̫Ҳá
֮ɽ˫ֱȭһࡣ
Ƽֱ۾ƽʱ֦Ҷʱǲ
˵ĺܣ
һˣҵĸй尡
ҺҲû֤ɣ˭иš
̫ˣ֮ɽ㾹۸ϡͿ۸ô
̫Ȼ£ʺСϵۣϵ˵֮ɽ㻹̫Ǹ
ûдƾʲôǸǴҼƣҴҶ۾
⡭ϵۼװԶԣ̫ķãáǸҵţûꡣ
ת̫ȥ˫Բɡ
(δ)

ʮ ײ

̫̫ͣһ£תȥŭɵ˫ɨһڳˣתŭȥ
̫ߺϵ۳Űȥ㰡
ָָϵۻصת£֪ѣ֮ɽʲôϵ۱˭˻̫Ժรɡ
ϡ֮ɽߵƵߣƴʱǹɶ£֮ɽûкŮϵѪŮǿŵ塣
£ϵۿ֮ɽЩް֣ŭ˻̫ʵۻô˵ʲôȲˣ
ϣһ󡣡
ʲô£ϵҲ֡
˵ֻһŮȥҲҪƣϣƺ롣
ϵεĿ۰ƣֿһվڱ𴦣ʼôĹ塣
ȵȵȣȻѾӦ㼸£ͳ⼸ٿǲףҪ룬Ǿͺɡ
ϵǿˣʵǱȢϣʲôƫ
ǿˣǿ룬ҲЭˣ
ϵֻһͷʱʹ¡
ҪסѾΪֹˣϵû룬ô˵棬粻˵
ҡҡͷ˿ԶʼĮȻĹ壬һҲգˡ
ϵ˵ҲˣȻûʲôˣͶȥɣ޺ȥ
Ӹ̨ϵʾⰲ֮ɽߣ֮ɽŴŰת뿪
Ű֮ɽŮȥϵ۳Ź忴һۣҲɡ
ŸŹȥ
ƸŰ֮ɽߵ⣬֮ɽʣҪͻ˵˻飬ôŵƣǸʵڲʲôö
ƴʱϻʹסŰֱ۽ͣ˻ǱȻҪ飬˲Ҳܼ½һŭ˻ҲǺ£ȵ˵ϼȻӦһؼ㣬ǻмµʱ䣬˵Լ˻顣
ġŰΪѣǲǺ룬ԺǶޣӶùȻܣǸҲǺ˼֡
Ůܿص
¶ˣ߰˵屡Ҫһʱ䣬ûһºò㸮ҲѾͷϹܼңû֪ˡ
ܿϢų֮лȻ
䴫˵Ƽʶغʹѵˡ
Ҳн죬үֻۣǿϧ˶ˡ
Сﶼ˵˻ˡ
װ켣УĶˡ
Σԭǵ˾еСǣǰǶˡ
һˣˣ˭
ǽ壬ˣ
⼸û£ƻмҪǾǰǸԭ˾
Ҫ˾Ҫѹ
ߵǰſڵʯͷʨӳôܽȥ
һаŮװװ磬ҪǾôȥҲͲûȥˡ
˼ţһ֣˳ææˣŴ󿪣ҲһţЩѾżҪޡ
׷ʲôˣҳ
ңƻֱܿȥĺԺԺ
ԺڰƵļǹסĵطʱΧ﷢ҡ
ȥƾͱסүĴ򣿡
ƿȥûԷĴܼңɷ˵Űȥ˹סڡ
Űŵһ˱ǵѪȣѾŻŶѪӳţƱǰҪ
쿴Ҽүô
ϹܼҲʣǿŴѪĹ忴ȥ΢΢һ㶣ĪﱻѹƵʲôҪڳҲҲѣЩ޴롣
˵˵ˣҲöˣɴʱʲôǣţ¹¡
򡣡ܼҽƻסϾ˼ô࣬ȥ飬Ҳһ⣺жˣ
Ȼյ˫ۣһסƵĲӣ㣿
ƿȥҪͰַſ
һԴܼŻˣʱݺݶŰƣҪ˵ӣƵȵòͷ㻹ʲôÿȻ͵
ܼǰҪÿ֣巴鰲ƵĲӡ
(δ)

ʮ 

ֱۣѵҪͬھ
ѹŪΣһɣ˹ȥ
ܼŵüæǰү
ȥｻңû¡
˵Ž⿪·һˣȻΣǶùˡ
ܼҳٳٲߣ˵ҪߣҲˡ
ܼԥһ£ŽȥǶſ͵Էһ
óӣ󣬰ѪȣһᰲưÿһײסȻʼ˿ڡ
ңԴڻʹ֮ŴҩƳҩЩҩù屣סѪ
Ѫھ͵ͬǸܵҩԽⶾ̲ʥƷڶʱﾫ棬ʤǰ
һʰҲˣһϢ
Ȱ漱ææĴҽҲѾûˡ
ү
ſƣһ۾ϳ˰ƣŭĿӣϹܼס
ͿүλСֵܡϹܼһûǰơ
ǰơ
Ϲܼһ㵣תŰƣʱҲϢĲˣȥ壬סһᣬϢƽȣƲŷſ
建ƣĿʮϬҲȫǴɣȻû£ҲȻȥˡ
˵ϴŵҩﶼϹܼңЩ˿ڻҩģһΣЩǳԵģԶˣԶһΣһֳһȣȥңˡ
˵갲ƾҪ뿪ȥҲᣬϹܼңүûá
ŻȥҲû˽
ŰƼæȥ˺Ժȥʼҩ
ҹ˸ˣ˿ţͿվ棺أ
Ϲܼһ֣˵ҼС㣿
㣬үá
˲ֱӴ˽ȥƴʱҲӺԺ˳иС˵߰ɡ
һ£תߡ
ƽ䣬ſ˿
ʣ
ҵǽҲ
ԭ治ƲһҲܹרҵѵġ
˵ߡ
һƨɣ˳ȥһ˲ں׷
ܿ찲Ƶֱȥ˺ԺԺ
ȥ壬ʱ˶Ѿԡ
ߵǰȸ룬˰׼õҩȥ
⿪˿ڵİ¸ҩƲϢ
Ҳ۾ơ
ˣƲ˲ͷϵĺĻ֮ǰ·Ҳɾ
ҩŪһƬһƬ̣һƬһƬס
忴һᣬ۾һ˯ڶϡ
𣬰Ѿص
·Ϲܼ°ӺƣصĽ
·ϰƲ֪ڳʱ̣¡
ƵҲû˵ʲôȨ֮ĳ֮ϣɱ֣ҲûҪ֪
һѱˣ֪ЩûбҪ
ϹܼߺƲȥԺϢžͿվԺƻæߵǰ꺮ůȻⲻˡ
û£ȥˣҲˣϴϴ˯ˣʲô˯˵ҪģǾҡ
˯Ȼȥ
æԺӣҴŰϢ
һ˯һһҹ˯˲Ŵ·͸͸ʱ򣬾Ϳվڽſڵš
뵽״һȥſڡ
үֲˣ
Ҳû롣
ظġߵǰʷ£Űȥ
ʣǹܼҵ˼ү˼
ү
תȥͰ˵һȻ᲻ã˵ʲôţҲˡ
Ƹŵȥ̧ͷһ֣εĽ
ԺƳ濴һۣ֮ǰʱԺָ
ϹܼſڵȺʱȥ롣
ƺЦͨô
ȥ￴һֻۣʱڴͷĺľӵӣϵƤƫףɫ㲣űӡ
Ź忴ߵǰȥĿ˶ڴԷ
壬еĶҪǷҲȲ˵ܻţֱ漣
ʱѾʧѪ࣬ܰȷʵˡ
˱밲Լݣ˵Į
(δ)

ʮ ٴϮ

룬߽ס󣺡ݣҲͨҽߵݣȷǲû¡
ûϹܼҲǴҴ
үȻǳ룬ҲȻүҲˡ
һᰲưŲ˿һֻ֣ѾˣЩҩָͻû¡
º󣬰ҲûҪ뿪ʣôߣ
ǡ
ôϣעŰơ
âڱ˵ͷ˵̫ˡ
мҪүæҲֱӡ
Ϊҽ壬ԴҪЮǷ֮룡ֱӣֱһӶ
һ䣬ʲô
㻹ң
үˣҲ޷Ƿ֮룬ѾˣǿŤĹϲĪ԰á
üĿ΢Ŷ
ƼүϺ룬ǾҪңȻҲԸ⣬үִˣҲֻܽܣҽҪүæ£Ҳ¡
ôԽϧ𣬰Խûס
ǡ
˵
Ҽ޽ʱ򣬴˸ŮɷŮҡ
ȻǼ޽ˣʲôɻ
ҲǷˣˣıµǲС
ү˼ǣ
ûУҸˣ°ɣܼңȥ˷ȻͨͲ洦߶
˷סϰߣȻͨǾǸͨѾͷҲҪ㷿ź͵˷˵ȥǲȥġ
βͻ¶ˣ建ȥĺӻ䡣
ӹûм֪·ߣȴжо綾˱Ȼͨˣһ׽ˣʣ˵ϻмˣ
Ҳ˺һȻǻϺ㡣
¶ˣҪǲһѧҲ¶ɱ֣˵֪Ǹ˭
Ʋȥʲô˷ֳ䣬ɴ˵ġ
һԶŭ塣
ȻŰƣ㵹֪
ϳ£ͻϽӴʣΨһܻɵ¶ֻ㣬ɽΪأ˲¶δĻλѡֻһˡ
͹ܼҴҴ׷׿ɫֽĹ壬ʱȴŭЦСˡ
İݺζãҲңǶǾŪȥģʲôϵҪĸ£ԻȨģ㣬ȴҪŪңõүöˣ
̧ܼƻǸƣֻĲͬˡ
죡ɱɲڡ
ƴó룺ԣܲܿҡ
ЩΪѣްƣܲүԥˡ
ƾͳŰûпʱתȥ
ſȥߵĺܿ죬һգ۲ˡ
ŰƵĽŲߵҲǼҴҡ
үεǾ˰֣ʾȥ
ϹܼųȥҲ

ƸոԺⰢææ˽Щ֣ôˣ
żˮ
Ʋ⣺㲻˵Ҳܸȥ
ȥתתʱ䲻ܶռá
үϮˡ
һ£Ŀһţָоˡ
ҡ
תƼææĻȥԼ׼ҩϸŰȥ
˴μǰѰһ
ȫģ϶ѪʶûУѡ
쿴
ϹܼҲ޳æŽȥֿʼ¡
Ҳ֪ôԹû˵ӡ
ҿ
ưϵ۵·ȫ⿪ϴССĶʮˣʧѪ֮࣬ǰˣķοʼ˥ߡ
һԹŸļλ򣬰֪帮˱Ҫȹҽб£ʱڵ϶£˵Ѿûˡ
ǶȳȥҪơѾʼܼǰ֮ʱϣȫѹڰƵϣ˶ȥ潹ȴ
óӣ󣬰ѪһЩȱס
һ߸ȣһۣԭ岻ãôѪҪ
ȻȥҪ취Ūҩ
Ѫĺ˿ڣϣֹѪ׵ҩۣ
һϵеĹһʱ䣬ȫ꣬Ҳ۵Ĵû
°Ҳû
建һ۵ֽİƣٴα۾
֮ĺ
˯о˿
۾ܼվһԣǲ˯
ƸѪүȣܼĳģܼҶݡ
ֶһ롣
ЩѣΣܼҼæţǱд齣Ϣ
ƶ̫
ͷȥϢܼҿϢĹ壬ӦѾûˡ
(δ)

ʮ Ϊԭ

ϢһᣬʱѾˡ
˴ߵǰ˿һЩǣǲﲻ
˵ʱѾʼˣûκεִ߰£ֻƾ辭жϣ嵽ʲôط¡
˫ְסͷʮָѹ
ʱͷ亹ץסƵûУֻ˫żһҪϡ
ȱ˯Ҫҡƽ޷Ӧ
뿪һ룬Ѩ
建۾ʶ
ϵôѯʡ
ơش˿ƻġ
ôƴ¼飬ΪĲǸߴ֣Ҫš
˵ϹܼҪǵү飬Ͷȥˡ
ϵۻش𣺡ۡ
¼ʣȷߣ棬Ƶַŵ߹ϹʱüȻû˵Ҳ֪
Ƽ£¡
ֺ֪ˣ𾪡
ĮȻ޲ܼ˵ʱĸ˳Ըүүֻܶս
үɱĸˣҲˡ
ƾ㵣»ĸ֣ôܣš
˵룬ȸͨȥ߹ǣ˵Ӧ˷ˣҪҪ롣
ûӦϵĴסͷϵĺӣû˵ƻҽֲַǹŪ顣
óȥһֱһʮֵ壬嶯ֻü
˹Ȼ
ϧˣ
һܻˮðҲܲһЩѪҪģͰ۾ϡ
ûӦ˫ûв
׼룬Ȼ˳˳Ŀ׵һˮӹץһѱӣֱˮˣŽɳڡ
ϹܼҺһЩҲŵӵɳѪôˮ
ҶŹ壬Ϊῴˡ


һҲڹϣƼŲٴȥȴһ
ĺӿţַ׼ݣ봥׵һ˲ٰҲĿʼִ
Ϲܼ۲ѣ֮ǰҪûүˡ
ư£ߵǰ˫ְ˰ô
ҡͷۣ
뿪˿˲ͷϵĺ
ܼңҪˣͣĸʹ£ҪϢһ£̫һԿ
˵갲תһ£˵
ϹܼһѷסƣǵСģ
ţлл
ȥֱ̣ӱ۾
ʱ忴ŶŴĺӻϡ
Žգκ˲
Ըܼȥ졣
ʱҲƣ鸴ӡ
ֻҪүû£ʱԲɱơ
Ϣһ죬ûкӶĵһУ绹ã縺տѾ߿ʼǣ˽忪ʼգҲܺ죬˯̤ʵֻ˳Ŀڵõȥ塣
Ҳˣսˣʲôû˶ȥˣš
ÿι£ͷš
ĳطѹסĶҪڳȫ
ˣչˣ׼ЩԵĸҡ
ҲǷˣҪùȴҪ
ᶨƣΨһһΣ޴Ϊˡ
ӹŮӣԸСĲã建ӣʣ֪˭ô
ơ
ѣҪԵȵҩܹܿ࣬áóСƿӣɫķĩֱӵˮȥ
һоɣͷѡ
ҩۣֻǿһ۰ƣȫѪȣӲϲá
ˮ
һ˶ˮƸȻȫ¡
ѾӶŹ
ܼҺʹҲûʲôźүҲ֮С
˰סֿ֣ʼˣϵ۵Ķ䣬ֱ̧Ҹ£˲˿
°ưϵֱϵȥ
ͷû£ȥɣٽ
ܼҵ뿪ƽ⿪ĵѾָҩĵطÿοǺۣ
ĺܿգ
ӸһӣüͷסȭͷѪν
ŵģ죬ڹϣֱҪָΨһķһ㣬õҲһ㡣
ԭҲ㣡
(δ)

ʮ ߣߣ

ʱȥһЩɫҲЩ
Ҳ۵ʧѪҪúõûվ
ҹҪչ㣬ȥϢһ
˿׼õķˣȥ£һٺϣԺ˯˹ȥ
쳣ʱʱŰ˯ȫģ˯ʮְȡ
תҲ˯֮С
ʱϹܼŷ쿴ţһ
˯ʱѾڣûˡ
ȥ壬ʱ˯ˣϵֺȷûзգתȥһߣ׼Ҫõҩ
建۾һߵӰΪûٶȱ۾
ưҩ׼Ѿһʱˣ۵߻ص£һ޷¡
չǺںЩζĶ
ȥʲôôţ
˵ж࣬˽Ϲǵġ
ʵ벻ʲôߴϵˣʱͽ
ֱҪָ磬ֻܿͨˣֱ۶ˣҵѪӦúܿͻû£ϵˣӦûϡ
ʵ﹬壬ڹ˽ǵˡ
ֻ¼Ȼ˻ˮҲûʲô취ˡ
˵䣬ưѹֱϵ·ȫ
Ⱝ£һŹֱۣһץ˶ڹֱͿĨ
ҩ壬ܸоĿУƵ˫֣ռıˡ
ȥȻȻĲΪм㣿
ͷҲ̧үĸмͰˣҸм㡣
ͿĨãײֱӸãºðӹ̶ס˲ȥϴϴ֣ʰɾ
ͷϹ˫ЦųŪ۾
̾ϢԭĲģǰλߵүʱĻ
һСƿӣ󿪹ֱӰҩ۵ȥˮͷ
ˮţȡ
˸ط£ǰһЩʵ飬ʼ
ƴʱһģҲһɵ屾һһȥ˯һ
ƽֻŨױĨİƣǽղʩ죬Ǽ١
˫ۺһ˫Ⱦˮӣѩȴҹĺڣޱߡ
һ°ѩȴȾѪɫҡ
岻üŮ˾ҲȻȥεʱ
ϸһĨգôŮȻ
ת۾̲ס۾ȥƷܵʲôʱ
ʵʵıը죬ըһ˲ԼʵкȻˣŵһ¡
ؿڣҺãȥˡ
Ц㻹֣
̧ͷŵĹ壬ᣬһӲ˲ϼ˯
ˣ
Ůˣɵ
ﰵ
ãԻǣоܶˣӴϳ
ڴϹ忴һԼϵ˿ڡ
˿ϵĹȻܿ죬ˣȻѾˡ
ӱ⣬˫ڰƲŵϣѪѵ亱ҩ
Ȼ岢ţʲôҩʱĻǻһ磬Ҳȷһ㡣
峯һȥⷿĺéޡ
ѣ۾Ϳȥ˺棬Щ֣ûˣ
˹ȥͿǿѪ壬վں˫Ȳʲôͳ
һֱ۱ţֻ֣ȥʮֵĹŹ֡
ƺȻ뵽ʲôʱˣĴǹ
Ʋˣ߹ȥ
֪֪ǲҵͶɹ֮ɻ䡭ҪԣѪӿǰ
һ˵ͷȥ
ֻǰֻ΢΢һһ£˿˴εδԴ̧ͷ
ĳ˵ŭ㣬ɫͺ죺ȥ
Ƶɴ۾ۣ˲ŵĨ͵˳ȥ
Ҳǹ⣬ȥ棬ǶҲֻǵʵڲҹ⣬Ҳûʲô
죡
漱ææͣ洫ŭ
Σٴ󶼲࣬Ǵһ㣬οүȻˣѣҲûܶ࣬α˴󶯸λ
ţĲ㣡
վֺޣõɫͨ졣
ԽԽǽƽܿ£ܴͷ̧εδıܡ
ƫƫʱ񱻳˿ڣѪӿЩҡҡ׹
һ̣ѵһ
һ£ֱ˽ȥ
ͿڵϣһֻߣߣƣͺĵŰƣҪɱ˳ӡ
ΣŤȥ°æ֣ѿŪϡ
(δ)

ʮ ܴ

ſȥ
ıףתҪŹһƿȥ
ûУûҽйܼҽ
Ҳѵ˵ǶÿԸ⿴Ƶġ
ͺŹ㡣
үȳȥһûˣôŹң
Ƴİ˷ȥ£ϸ崦˿ڣϿ˼õĲˣʱȥӵˡ
ӣʼ
ŭɫͨ죬Űƣƣ˭˭ˣ
һʱȥа
Ҳˣֻתȥа
үȥ
ҲǺۣվſڿţ˳
æŽţûôҹˣתȥ
ʱŰһᣬûиιѪ
ԭ廹ҪʧѪӰ죬Ȼûʲô£ҲͲúѪˣ
ߵǰȥ̽ʣһƿ
Σֻߵһ¡
û£Ȼͻ뿪
˵갲ƿһ˯
˾ſϣ˯ͬԼҵĴϡ
ƽϵĶҹȥߵͷ͵Ǹˣѹڻ˯
Ĺ˼֡
һ˯°ҹʱѾ˯ˣ˯ĺܳ
֪ҩЧˣߵǰһ
ȷû£Ŵ˹ǷҪؽžͿϹܼվſţϹܼҿҪҪȥ
Ҳǡ
ɶգүҪչţרŵźţӵĸڻϢĵطɵǱȥϢүʱҲţҲү£Ҫӽ͡
ܼ˵ҲȥҲþʡģǸ궯ܻҪǣġ
ðɡ
תŹܼȥ˸ڷ䣬࣬Ǻ͹ķûʲôͬ
ܼ˵ۣһЩѾ׼ԡõĴ齣Ѿ׼˼ƽ·ʽԼɫԺŮ͹
ƳϿȥĿɫһ꣬ԭǶ֪ư̺졣
ܼң׼һװɫҪﵽģһɫã뻻ؾһķ񡣡
ܼҺ⣬û˵ʲôתܼȥ档
ܿһ׼׵ƹŽȥԡһоȫˣҲ֣仯оѸٻָܸоӣϵͳҩϲ裡
ϴƴ·ͷŪһ£ȥϢ
һΣû˽˯
˴ƴӷƵһſͣ£վ⳯濴ʵʲôҲȥ͹廥
ܼҿ΢΢һ£ķ˿ûᣬֻһһʤѩľȻ͸
ƽʱ֪Ϊʲôû֡
үѾûʲôˣոһΣ˯ˣȥɡ
ܼ°ˣ˵Ѿƿ˷š
վſڣδȥѾ۾ˣƵʱҲһ¡
£ư׵ſڡ
Ȱƽʱ򣬹ѾתһĨ
ߵǰͷ˿ȥһͷûգֱ̧ۣס
Ҫ˦ȴȷſˡ
һգͣ䵽˴ϡ
ֱһʹ
תĿ׺ݣӱ
Σ֮λ޴ǣүȻβңȥˣ
ΪŹ㣿
뵽飬ŭζμ¡
ֱܴ裬ôŹŮˣ
ߵһ߲ᣬҩ۷ŵһ𣬽ܼңʣµĶֻǻָҾȻȥˣүŭҲõĿ죬ֱͻû£ϴɡ
˵갲Ƴţֱȥ档
ܼȥͰƣƹߵĺ˵ĵطͣԹܼ˵ܼңҴŮô
ڡ
ܼæŻشȷʵиŮŰƽˡ
ߣ֪ɲԣ
ܼԥһ˲˵ںԺûүҲүЩʹүٻ
ƺǺˣ
ܣ
ҾȻȥˡ
תȥ
ܼ͵⳯Űƿܾﲻһ˵á
(δ)

ʮ ʺ̽

ƻصͿſڵţΪ̫żⲽ
ߵǰ
ƣɻˣٲҪȥˡ
סƵϸȷŮû£Űַſ
ЦЦŮû£ǹˣŮ
ƣʲôʱῴˣջϰѵнȥ¡ʵ֪
ü΢壺ô˵ģ
ʵ뵽ϵۻʡ
ãʲô֪ƭȥ
˵֪ҽʵʱҲ֣ѵ᣿
ĸ֣ƾĳ˸ţְϵǰ˵Ļ˵һ顣
˵Ҽƾ
üȻܺϸ
ŮǶԵģǺõģ
Ϣһ죬ƽȥϵۡ
Ϊ˱˶ĿƸŰһ˹Ÿϵ۰ʱ򣬰ƺ͹˵ЩͣԲŻҹߣֻҪЩζˮÿμɡ
ϵۿȺ̫ҽ̫ҽȻӰƣ˵ĲǿѨ磬ֻӦʣ˵ǡ
ȷʵͨǲ޽ȥ԰ɣʺҲ֮ɽʡڹ·
ϵڼݺ԰
֮ɽ󣬻ʺƳͬ
ţǰ룬ϵʣˣ
õҩûˣϵۣϣǵüɿڡ
š
պҩϵۼ䣺޵֪¹
Ů֪
Ϊ㻹ҪԼ´Բˡ
ŮҲ֪Ϊ˻ϣ˵ɣʵҲڣܲøϵ˵ΪײˣҪ㣬ɱڣֻð㣬Ρ
ϵͣͻСİƣһ̾ҲϣһŮȻѾ޻ǰ㵱ɵϱɡ
ƺЦǲȻܵŮ
ûûŮģָôʱˣܻţΪĴڣɾǵı
˵ǡƹ
ϵһЩ飬ƿǵʱ̽ѯ˼䣬ϵ۸Ͳ̵֪飬Ҳûᡣ
պϵ֪Ҳ
֪Ѿ˻ӭϻʺͰƳϵ۸˸ӣŮѧǳϲҪЦ
赶ŪģŮѾĸˡ
ϵۿһ۰֮ɽ˵أ
ǵȻҼƹɶ£Ȼǳĸ
㰡ǲ߰ɣߣûʺúý̵̵ƣҲ޾ЩˣЩΪ޲֪ͣġ
ϵ۴ŰȥǱʺ˷ǹ
;ʺʮµ飬׹ʺҪ̷ˡ
ʣʳλȨصŮǣһ޲޵µķϲŮӺЩһŶµĲŮЩ
ԶȻǷϲŮӺЩв
Щ꣬ھоӶ࣬ԭȻܻڣҲżȻ
֮ԭжûãжలȫ
ײҲãǰϻҲգ֮ܶԭĴûвͱ˰ȫ
ʮ³¶âȻǺ¡
Ϣ⴫
ƶ᲻ة˵ʺ᲻֪ǻ᲻̽
ƣ˵ʮ¼ҲȥˣʺʵŰơ
ȻشҲŲæŮȥˣȥĲݵģĲһζҩ˵ʮУŮȥ
ô˵ûвμӼ᣿ʺȻʲôᣬĵһ¡
Ҳǲμˣ
ƹЩԥһǡ
ʺ֣ôˣ
Χʺ׹˰֣ȥɣ˵˵
£ֻ˵ʺҪˡ
ʺЦ֪ô棡
֮仹Ҫģģ߱ˣ˵ɡ
ʺУҪսЩթжţ汻ƭˡ
Ůʮ¾κŮҧˣ;û뵽ǲóŮߣŮѵһ£ǾҩסˣΪģʵģ޷Ļþ
Ůһ£ôȷʵá
ʺԻͣ˵£ˣǸ״˶ˡ
㲻Ҫٶ˵𣬱߻ϣԺɲҪʺǡ
ˡæ˵ʺ˶ǹеĸơ
֪㰮ԣԵ㡣
лʺ󡣡
һ㣬ŵ
еĸ֪ڵϵͳҩġ
(δ)

ʮ 

ƴӷǹŮŽ뿪
صưĲһ˳оһ¡
һоһ߰ѸӸԺèһ顣
èԭ˷ʱ⼸찲ƾͿèܣͻᰲݺܶ࣬ſڽëȥܵĽдϣèܽһ
è˸㰲ưŴ򿪣èȥſڵҲٷ顣
ƺǺˡ
ʺҩֻƷġ
ȻһЩҩĳɷֱ֣ҩ溬һֶصĳɷ֣ʱĻʲôʱãͻžѵδ
һ󵨵Ĳ룬ϵ֮Բܿǻʺɵġ
ʺΪʲôҪôأ
ͲˣǷޣºӵĻܵ춨ĵλŶԡ
ôĿʲô
ռϵ۵ĳ谮
Ϊ¾ᣬֻǿ߸ϵŶʺǱ߼¶ϵ۶Իʺĸ鲻ǼٵģҲѡ
һȥҪԴġ
Ҫ취һں˶ҩĽҩϵۺת
Ȼȥ鷳
Ϣһ죬׼µҩ׼һˡ
Ƚȥͱİµ
ôˣүʱûʲô˰ɣƴʱѾܲͷ⼸ȥתתЩҩģȴһٶ߶š
үأһȥ
Ƹ֣ү˺õĲ˲Ŷԣǲַʲô£
ˣ֮ǰӵء
Ŀڷţֱָоǣţ˲Ͻתȥҩ䣬Ÿ뿪ȥ
·ϰ˵βϮǺö˶˵ľͼˡ
ʲô֢״Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬·ϱбʡ
ȫѪһЩ˿Ҳƿˡʵش
ƸˣӦõġ
ֱԺ
žŵһͣһ°Ѿôˣ̷ԸϰүŲȥﲻס
ϹܼҲɷ˵ϰհƵķԸȥҲ׼ܿ칬屻Ų˰֮ǰסķ䡣
ʱ建ơ
Ŀԣ˭û˵£Ҳʲôڣһȥ󿪹°ͣѪ󷽵ϵϣѪ
Χ˾㵣û뵽ƻԼѪԡ
ʱ֪ҪûиͣȻǲеġ
ҴСԶԹѪͰٶ֣үж֢֮һ㡣
˽Žɣӵ¶Ҳҹʡ
ʱϹ˫ĿһģÿµˣȻʱ˻
ȵò࣬ưÿѾ׼õֹѪͿĨֹʹҩ
ú󣬰վʮࣺ˭أ
жǾ綾ޱȣֶܹ죬˵޺һ˵˵ȴ綾ޱȡ
ֶԴӿͨӴѵ˿ھͻ˳˿Ƥ£ܿ壬ҲμѪҺѭͻܿ͸˵塣
ƴӺСʱͿʼоҽѧȤģԶжȣԲڶжȡ
жȻƻӡģֻҲ𾪣ֶڶʮһܷѾﾹȻУ
ֶҪھҪӷڿУãˮͻʧȥЧá
԰ƿ϶һҰѶķġ
Ϲܼҿʮࣺأ
ûУûСŮæ˵
Ҳûа
˼ˣҲ˵ûС
ͻȻ˵ʱңʮֱµģ֪ǲǣ·ʱ磬ŵĺܡ
ϹܼȻѣ̧ͷƣʱƷƽ
ͷĿƽޱĹ壬֪
ܼûˣдҳȥɣ׼һЩˮҪү˿ڡ
ǡ
Ϲܼתȥһҩⶾģȳȥ
ҩ裬û˵
ֽ⿪
Щͬ鹬壬İ֮˺ҲǱĿģˡ
ӺܿһȦϢתȻ˵ÿ֣
ƿһָµĴȸߣҽ߸ĸģ㵱ɡ
ҧҧ
ţǺܷҪˣ˵ҷҶûһëǮҽҩѣܣ㻹ˡء
㣬ȥ
˼ˣ쿪ʼҲ뿪һЩèܽҪСôҲܣϹңû
Ṭ壬ȥſڡ
ƿŹܼҺͰſ͵ȫȻӣдһŸ㣬ȥҸϣһԽҵǹܼңҪһЩֻҪŽǣͻ׼ôһȥٻء
ҵͷģһ쵽
ƽȥдţдװŷ⽻Ŀȥ˽ܿһЩ°ƿʼпĥһЩҩ
ĥɷĩƸȫҩ
ڼܼʣ費ҪҵȰæ
ãҲᣬҪ۵ĻȻϢˡ׼һ齣Ҫ￴ҵǿ˭
ƾͲˣȾȲˡ
(δ)

ڶʮ ̫

ǻʵô⡣
ֻÿֻҪһ˵£궯ҪڳҲ᲻ܡ
иоá
ܼҰհƷԸ׼һ齣ڷţ˾һʱ䶼æµһҩģһҩģϹܼʮ⡣
û˵ƻЩ
ʱദϹܼ֪ƲһǴֻ˲ѡ
æµһ죬Ҫõ׼ˡ
ϳ˵㶫ȥ˿壬û°ƲȥϢ
֮һаҲŹսת
ֻǻָٶȺżζɱҩȺйء
ƿ˿ڣüͷ
ү˻жã
ܼЩǣǰ˿ϵķǳ죬⼸켸û仯
ҡͷõѾˣˣûм¶òˣѵĻָڣҩҲУʮ¿ܻѹһЩҲ㲻ˡ
ԼЩѪôװ˷ˡ
˵ǴѵʱȴǲøһѪˣһ棬һǸҲ˷ѣԼϧ
뿪ȥվţɽǣҲһʿؼһˣҩʣµĲˣ˳ȥϵ
Ȼȥ˽ƿе졣
Ĺ
ּ칫Ѽɤĺֻù¡
Ůּ
Ϸζӻԣʺٽ
ס̧ͷȥζˮԣ
칫ʥּɫ䣺ɡ
Ҳ֣ζˮôԣǺ˶٣
ƿϹܼңһЩҩҵķãβ˭ˣҲڣأã㻹а취ġ
ܼ׹ϴΪĻȻҪ̷ľǶ
ȻܼҲΪʲô
үδӣͽŵˣôẦү
ҲֻжһȻֻ˵һЩߺүͿʼأ֪ʲôȴʵҵ飬ϵ㣬֪ġ
ƽЩǵĸŽƿӿһۣ˻ҩ
ҽ߸ĸǱˡ
ԼѱŹ塣
һ·ʹֱӵţһ飬칫ȥ
·ϰһֱ֣ô¡
ȸˮôܻˡ
뵽ʺһ֣ҪǻʺʲôϵҲпܵġ
ĵ⣬ƵȺ칫ȥʱ칫ٰ
ƸŵĵƵϵ۵޹ž޿ġ
Իʺ󣬰Ƽȥ
Ʋμϣʺ
ƹ¿ͷ
Ϸһλ׸˵̧ͷ
ס̫
Ƶļ䳱ӿ̫ڽԺԭںСʱˡ
ƶ̣ԭƺ
ƻ̧ͷĿһλʮİ׷˶ӡ
Ӻݻ󣬴üĿһɫۣϰ񳯷Ե󲻷ȻϢȴʢˣէһֱȻϻ磬ͷϴڻ̫ķڣҲ֤˰Ƶ뷨̫󣬵Ϲϵĸס
æſͷŮݼ̫󡣡
ƣ֪˭ĵӣҪ˽ҩ£㵣𣿡̫Įࡣ
ʵΣҲֻܷ̫ǻϣŮ˵˯ãҪŮҩŮ뵽ζӵˮߣ㲻ǣҲܺˡ
˼ǣˣ̫վϻ˵ȥնˣ
̧ͷ̫óŮϣҲҪס
ϣƿԿ϶Щı֡
ֻҪǵϵۣ֪
Ǻϵ۵ĻȻǸõһûͷûԣ޴־ֻᷢյ֪ߵغΪҩ˺ˣȻȻϧҲֻȻϧ
ǺĻǱĿʲô
ˣϵۻô
Σܾôˡ
һ˵أûʲôЩʹˡ
㻹Ҽϣܼģϳȥնˣ
̫أκδϢĻᣬˣվ
̧ͷƿȥ̫Ҫնң
Ϊ֮ƣҲˡ
̫󿴰ƵĿ㵨ʱ
й̫󣬻ô˻֪Ҫʻ̫к
㺦˻ϣû̫Ȼ
ǲǺˣҪ˲֪Ůòף˰̫˲ŮŮǳŮĵҲ
㵨ѹ
ŮңŮֻǾãϵҪȻ̫˵Ů˻ϣҪĺ˻ϲУһ̫ѳŮնɱˣȴֻ˯һʱ̫Ҫν

̫עǰİƣĮ·ûаˣµĵط
Ҳѹ˵ʲôµģžˡ
ڰƵ˵׵ʱ̫ȴ˵ýףðڷķ
ʺ΢΢һû׹̫Ѿʾⰲȥ
(δ)

ڶʮһ 

õ˻ᰲһСǰߵȥ
̫ڰƵǰ΢΢ͷߵϵĴǰʻʺƳ
߹Ůʣ߽ȥϵ۵ǰ
ʱϵƽڴ֮ϣϸɫıӣݿݻƣºɫ촽ƫϡ
˵жûҽԶ
ڰƿϵ۵һ̣ѾϵжʵҪ˵ζӾԲܡ
̫߽һ˷һӸ̫һߣʺ˵ˡ
ʻʺҽô˵ƴʱӵûʺЩ⣬ⲻǰơ
ʺҲҵϻش𣺡жǲ鲻ʲô
м¼Ҫᣬܺ˽ˡ
Сʺһߣҽһֲϣһҳҳ
¼⼸ϵ۵һЩгҩԼϵжݴӿʼԿʼжϵҩһֱߵ˲ǹŮ̫ҪԶлʺԶǶûжֵĵط
ϵжָ˰ƣƵζˮҲ˺ȹʺͺȹʺû£Ҳǳһڡ
ϵۣζˮϵ¡
ȫζڰƵϡ
ưѱӷʣ滹һζ֪ʲô
ҽͣǹǰҽרΪ̫Ƶģ̫żѪúͻתҹߣ̫á
ƻޱȵ̫ĸ׺Ӳûܣû
̫֮ôҲΪǻʵۣẦӣᡣ
ҿЩôҩҪ
ƴ˷˵ҽȿ̫̫˵ȥɡ
ҽܿҩͲ
ȥҩš
ִҩһĿһᰲ˵̫ҪҽС

̫ܿҽĵʱѾŻºܣ̫Ŵ˿ȥ˵ɡ
ǡ
̫ҽ߶µĹеƵǰǰȥ
˵̫ҽùģûõģʺ̫ҽζҩ㿪ô
̫ҽϸɲǿЦ顣
̫ҽ֣԰ҿûЩԡ
̫ҽһڶʱһĴ𸴣ʣ̫ҽϸ
ûõҿģץģκһ಻٣ζԲ԰
̫ҽСһĩⲻɰ
̫ҽæһζҩɰóǰֶ
̫ҽʱ˲Ϻ£ҽߣ˵Ҫġ
̫ҽ˰죺Ǻ춹
춹
ҲӦ˹˼ӣ
춹Ҳ˼˼ӣʵǺ춹Ϲеĺ춹ֶ滹г軯Ķ൱µģж˻öʹͺ軯һܲ˵

ֻǶûˡ
Ҳһ춹ķĩʣ춹ǰɫĩʺҽΪʲô˺ɫ
һΪ˶Ŀɰӡ̫ҽţɰʣǾˡ
ˣнȵķôʵ
У֪ʲôͺðˣҪ׼
ҽ˵ų̫ȥְ׼ҩ
Щ
̫۰ƣ˵Űɣ¶ˡ
ߵлŮ
˵ţƾֱŵϵȥʺŵһ
̫ʱ˵ҽأ
ҽæŽ¸ƿ˿̫ӱιȥˡ
ô
ǡ
̧һߣչš
ǡ
Ʊ̧ȥ˿Ҫϵ۲ѵĻϥǲǺܵù
Ʊ͵ƫһŲ
ΪйŮ̫࿴ţһֱûװҲ㾡
û취һҶɱˣǾ̫ԩˣװȰɡ

ү廹ûãҪ빬ǣ˿ڱѿʼѪֻ
ܼվſڣ˰֣ȥ͡
үıʿҲֻа취үˡ
ܿ͸ϵʱͲ֪˵飬Ҳǰȥһˣĸүûн˸֪﷢飬ļ٣ſ˺ۣѪֹ˲֮ǰ
ү㻹ûãôܳţ
жôȥ
ʵһ£ԴŮ뿪ͿʼϢ
Ϣȫޣ˽
үȥˣҲȥŽգѾҸո˴ȥˡ
գ˼Žգ
š͵ͷ建תϵѪڵεδ
ܼżֱðȴ޴롣
ૣ£˴ȴŽգô˵ǻɵˣ
(δ)

ڶʮ Ѫʥ

ǰүְһʣ
תһѪɫҲǾ㤵ĺܡ
˵ɡʱϵǳ侲·ϵ˲ʹ
Ϊ˽Կǲү⣿Ҫ֪ȷУź㡣
֪¡ĿްŮԽԽ񻰣Ȼ˽ԸϿҩǻˡ
Ȼ⣬үҲöǣºúˣǰүͣ˾֪飬ү룬˴үֻҪϣûˣɡ
ͻ֪⼸չ飬ϹܼȴǵԼү
ûүҲ죬̫ˡ
Ϊүʲô취
ҪǱɣ㱾ҲҪﱾģˡ
忴ſڣȥˣ
ʱ
ܼæŻش
ſȥҪ
ү˵ȥѣʾⰢϹš
Ҫʲôǵɫһ
Ϻˣˡ
Ҫʥ
Σֻհ졣
׼ãǿϳֻͬǰȥ
·ϣʣµһҩͽһˮжԶ
ˡش𣬹ƿӿ˿棬ƽһι͵ĵطʱķ꣬úԶ
ӹһᣬһֱſ۾
ȥſѯʽſڵĽֱҡͷּ̫⣬κ˲ڡ
ͻ岻Ҳˡ
ۣȥˡ
̫һͺСĵܵܣȻһĸȴʺСõķ
ܵ㱸ܳ谮Ҳ̫ϲһܵܡ
ʹҲӲ棬߾͡
Ȼףȥˡ
ȴδ
ʹһӸ壺Ҽҹ˲ڼңȥˣ˵үҪ£С˰Ӵˡ
һۣ֪ǲ¶棬Ҳȥۣ˵£˵ģȥ߹˰ɡ
С֪
뿪Ŵ
ͰţóӹȻãŵĽÿˣȴ׼ͽ롣
ǲܽȥҲְڡ
ͷһˣŰɡ
˵תĵȥȻǻϳ£ǾͱȻ
һ·ʵԶƽﲻ·Զչ˰ʱŵĵſڡ
ſڵ̫ϳȥ£
˭棿
ͳʱͷϲ飬գ˿ҡҡ׹
̫ŵò֪룬æСش𣺡̫档
أ
ƫУδѡ̫಻ҳɡ
ˣ
˼˵ĸ󣬾˵
ǡ
̫Żŵ˽ȥһѪʵŻ̫ࡣ
һ̵ʱ̫˳
ү롣
ȥ̨׽һˤˣ̫æǰţƿÿ
̫̲ҿǰһǰĵѾǹˣ˵ŵ̫๬Ů׷׹򵹵ϡ
ƽ⣬谮Żǡ
̫󻺻ˣҲһ¡
ʺҲŵûʧɫ˲壬ǣ
˻ι忴̫˫ϥμĸ󡣡
ͨһ˫ϥصʺŵþҽҽ
ҽæϵ̫Ҳææ˸ǰŹڵϵĶӣǸʲôôˣ
˿ֻǲ֪ΪβýҪ˾˵Ʋܽ
һ£嵹ڵϡ
ҽҽ̫󺰵ҽæΣҽһ̫̫
ҽһأΧŹͷ
̫ʮ꣬Ʊã˷Ҳסһ˻Σǰ軨㲻Ҫĸ󣡡
ǡù߿ʱ㣬ʱҲˣȵ˲ȥƺҲãһ㣬Ǹչ£ϾˣҲͲù̫ˡ
յĵ⣬ƾͿΧһȺˣ̫˽ֱʹվ档
֣ʺ޺壬ϡ
һ壬ƵĿһң˲˽ȥžͿϵĹ壬泯ţѪ߰ߡ
塭塭
Ƴ嵽ǰ棬̽һ±Ϣһ٣̽⿪ϵ·˿ȫѿˣѪܵðѪ
(δ)

ڶʮ ϱ

æų̫ʾˣּ̫رܣҪ
̫·ץס˾ݣ˵ǣȥɡ
˵̫Ҳųصȥ˱𴦡
ưѹŹ壬˼˹
ûӦ
ƺݺģҧ󣬰Ѫν˹
ã建۾һ˿
ƿˣżӲͣһ߲ϴϢ
̫ʱոһҲŵҶ࿴һۣʺϢ
Ͽյ͸Űƺ͹һۣһֹѪҩŵȥ
ȥ۾
˵ˣҪȥƫϢ
̫һӱ߳Ѿ˺һ⿴Ǳİƣ˵Ҳȥɣúչˡ
ǡ
Źһͬ£ϷҲ˹ϵôˣ
̫ȥһ
ƻصƫæȥչ˹壬Źúõ˿ȫѿˣû˵ʲô
üͷҺǳⱾ
ѵô˾͸и˵ӣѵҵͲõõرôòùû£ֳ
һ۾ᡣ
Ҳʼʰ
׼һ״ﵽ·ǡƶŹŮ˵Ů˸ӣתȥ׼
׼ɾˮҪ
ǡ
ЪһᣬǰƽĹ壬һǱԱȣе㻬
ˣôӢҲѹԭһġ
֣ʲô
̫ˮʼһ·£̫ǺˣŮǱȥ
չĹأʼӵǲ㿴ġ
ҩۣͿĨһ飬ø·ϣڼ乬쳣ƽΪѾ˯ˣ۾ǿġ
֣֮ǰһ¶Уôô
Сİһ¹ϵĴڲ࣬ϻȻ۾ŭÿ
Լ˶ÿ·á
ʰ˲ɾ·͵һ߽ˡ
̫಻ҵȥˡ
ĺۣ˿ϻеطȥϸɾ·Խ棬ͷ°ѱӸϣ˯
忴ȥ˳ת۾ƫϢ
̫๬ŮҾţȥ
ʱ̫š
ϵȸ̫밲ĸˡ
̫̾Ϣ֪ͺãĸҲˣȻȥˣˣǸƣԺ﹬ȥ
һȥͨϵ˽ǰǶ԰ƶһ˿ĺ档
̫뿪ʺĸ󡣡
ˣչ˰ɣж飬Ǻûйϵ
̫ɫȥĶ仰Űڼ뿪
ʺ̹£ĸ󡣡
̫ߺ󣬻ʺ󻺻˲ᣬίĿϵۡ
ϵס֣Żʺ޹ġ
~~
ʺδ
ϵ԰˴̾ϢټĻʹ֮Уʺ޷Σޣ˭
ʺſϵ۵Ļ۵һĨɣʲô£˭¶
ƻû˯Ѿͽӵʥּȥ﹬̫.
ƽּվ
ЦЦū߰ɡ
ƵͷԺȥ
룬ūűǡ
õӦʣתȥ壬һ˵ҩŵҺܿ
˵ȻƲñϲվǱ빫Ӧţսæδʲôһϡ
˵ū仰ѾĪĸˣģūһúӦ
лˡ
ֵĿŴϵĹ壬ôãչķˣ
ĸֻǿһЩʧ˹أ˱˵
Ҳ֮ǵȥ޻أ
ƵȻܣҪǲãҲòˡ
תźȥ﹬ƹ˼ţ޲ǳ﹬Ļֺơ
ͣ£ȥûú밲ƽȥ
ƸźСĽȥ濪ʼȺ
һ㣬ƻЩڣȻǻ̫޵Ƹо͸̫ƽɭ
ϧԭ̫󣬲ȻĻܶϡ
˲֪ãһЩƲ
̫ݵ
Ϲ򵹵ϣ̫ǼɵģҪ֪˲¹ͷĻʹ֮У⣬Ȩһλˡ
̫޵żŮÿŮ֮ˡ
ȻȥŮûʲôֱ𣬵ȴһһĸ֡
̫ߵǰ£˵˵ɣ˴ֻϱѡ
лĸ󡣡
Ȼ̫˵ˣҲûҪڹˡ
վ
(δ)

ڶʮ ̫Ķ

̫ϸŰƣҲ̫Ȼйز׼ֱʥݣûס
ʱ̫ױݾ£һ°ɫİ񳯷﹬£Ƽȴǡ
ɻЩ˰ɣ̫󵭵ʵ˿ϲŭ
ĸ󣬲¡㣬ˡ
ദô
á
ôô˵ദ죬ֵ˹Ϊ˴»˶̫Ȼƽղ뿪﹬ӹл̫ݵλκεķ紵ݶ֪
̫ô˵Ҳûв׵ĵˡ
˵ˣȨϵطʹ֮޲ıûеֶΣλͣ첻λȨصλá
ͬ֮УŮ˵ĺ޲زۣλ̫ܹӣһ˵Ļϣһǿ׳˵ʲô
Ҫλֶ̫Σô
ĸ󣬴³򣬶ҲΡ
˵ŵ˵ͷʮֿա
̫˫˫Űƣϸ۲ݣãʲôεģϲѾ㸸Ů
ɣȻô˵ǲܻϹܹ¡
ô˵ĶҶ򲻹ֲߣʴΣˣֻаķݡ
˵
ôǴˣ̫ºһЩû֮ǰˡ
룬̫ĸǿʢҪȻҲ¶ϵ۵ǰôţ˵̫Ĵλ̫жд̣˵ĻһƸ
ĸ󣬶ҲֻնӶǰСˤһӣһŶͺ˶Ҫɱ˶Ϊ죬ȣϵֳ¡
ӣǶȻŹˡ
ôҵϱô˵Ĳʶ壬Ȼˤһӣιȥ߶
ûסƹί̫Ű˼̧ķۺ
ź̫꣬˼˵̫󣬶Ѿû£»̫ҲȷʵģֺأҪ²Ȭ
Ҳǣ֪ƢãαػҪأ˴˼ҵŮҲˣҪ˼ңˣҲССһɡ
ǡӦʣСĿһ۰ƣǹ֪ĵͷ
ո˵Ĵ˵ǾһӣûڹһžҶŸҵģá
򹷻ÿأ۱۵Ĳ˵ҪԷһô
ҲˣֹҪأźӳִ˶ܺϺ
㣿̫Űƣ㴳ģҲܾôˣҪġ
˵СͲд֣Ȼˣͷѵ˰ɣҲúǼԣòأ˱
ȥɡ
᲻سԷˡ
̫뿪Ҳлֻվš
ѵ˵̫ˣֻҲܾô뿪ҪС
æߵǰϲ
ֿȥװֻνǲڿң
ūң̫Ѿ겻ܹеˣ˴Ϊ棬Ķ谡
ץһº֣ģ
ܳæŽϣʹãҪ֪˵á
˳æŰȥ˵лл
Ļū̫ˣūһֱء
лл
ˣūʹȥʥ
ǰ·Ƽһࡣ
ôˣȥѯʡ
ҴСʫ鲻ãҪȥѵҰӡ
ʹãĪҪ˵ⱳйѵ֮˱ҪģͰѵˣĪҪԣĶ䰡
ǣ
ƹΣźȥʥ
ʥ̧ͷȥ˴ĵطŸ߻ֺ롣
ƽź̧ͷľ
﹩һλ
Ե쳣ȸȵ밲ɡ
ֻù밲
ߵһߣ¾ɵ鼮ŵƵԡ
ҵѵˣҪúǣ̫˼ģֻб˲ܳԷ뿪˴
תȥߵſֻū˶ţҪġ
л
ƴʱƽطȫĵطˡ
ֻǲ֪ʱôˣ
(δ)

ڶʮ һ


̫
̫ȥ֪ίˡ
̫ӵϢ̫ˣ·ǵĲǡ
ȥйѵʲôͷ
ڻڲϣĸ׵ľˡ
˲᣺̫ǶϱãŻöˡ
Ĵ²򵥣ȥúչףίˣǸƣ̫Ҳˡ
ɻ̫̫겻ˣΪλ棿
̫ңε֣ϱжΣȻûУǻ̫Ȼˣ϶ˣڱȻ𶯣ʱ̫棬Ȼ
ǻ̫겻£峯ôװ
̫۾ʺȻ꣬ǵ֮⹬ڵѪȷ磬Ǿġ
Ҳ֪˭ʱ򱳺Ϻ¶
Ŀһ̫̫жǲ
Ȼʱ£ɵˣͶû£ĳ£ҲѲ˸ϵ
ΪҪǣǣ˼ⲻ⡣
Ϳϳ£Ȼɵ֮ˣ֮УľǶĿƾͻϵĸ飬û֤֤ǲܶϵģ̫֮Գ棬ѵΪ˱ȫô
һĨǻ۵ףǲѡˣ
ѡΪ̫ıл֧ţȴЩˡ
Ͳ飬Ը泯õ飬̫Ȼ棬ʹ졣
ϱˣϱ̫̫£ϱҲûȥˣڸȶϱȥ
ѾˣҪȥӳ顣
ȥɣ·Сġ
ϱ֪ϱˡ
˸ӣ˳
󣬾̷ԸŮȥʲôط
ūѾˣĵƫ
˶ô
ࡣ
ǻʲô۵һĨݣȥ
ʥڡ
⿪ʼ磬紵ţúõȻѩ
˵ǹţû˿ţˡ
ӹǣŻԣö
ߵſڰƸŷ쳯濴ʱѾˡ
ȻüѩȴһƬ
ȻŻź죬
һЩ־̰ʥΧ֣ǳһ
ôˣ
˵ˡ
ʲô
һƿ˳ȥôˣ
Ҳ˲֪ͣҪ˱
һʱĬ
ôԹôᱣ
أôˣЩǣȫˣûˣ³çһǳˡ
Ϊѣū
ʲôʱˣ㻹ģ˵
һѪֹѹ
Ʋ֪ôģһĻţҲּܻ̫ܲĵȥ˾ں׷
ܵĵƫѾۼһЩˣһֺ˵
־жӿ·˽ȥʺϵһעŴϵˡ
Ůμϣʺ
ϵۻ֣ˣɡ
ȥ˸ǰ۾ɫ԰ס
ϰסһǿҩŽȥƽ壬塭
ϵ۵пȥôôУûأ
ʺҲΣ֮࣬ҡҡͷϵۡ
ƼĹ壬塣
建۾һ
һϽ⿪˿ڣɾİײ˿ڣҩϣϸһ£壬˺ĿڣҪһҪġ
ϵʣʵش𣺡ҪһûһǺòˣ֪ϮѾ̫࣬ҪӺãͼˡ
˵ǲСȻ׷ˣϵʹļףɫʮѿ
϶ԼʹĵһزΡ
ԷĿ겻أ
ةǰ¡
ʺ磬ʱҪ״ԣ鲻Σ
ƹܲô࣬ãתϣŮչѵ£ϰﳼŮ̫顣
޴չҰչϵ˵վκα飺Ҫ£
˵ϵ뿪ʺǵĿһۣ˳ȥ
(δ)

ڶʮ һ˿

ĵƫٶȰҲ۵ÿһ£ʱǿŵİƣ˺Ž˯
һ˯˯һҹμ˿޷ӦηղˣƸҲ޲
һҹȥϻǰûˣɫһתſյĴ֮пȥ
ƴʱſڿ棬忴ȥɫһڸʲô
Ϯ΢΢һ㶣һߵ˻ˣҲһ
ߵǰƵͷʼ顣
ǽ⿪·Ȼǿ
ѪԵʣʱ
һﻹһǿҩ裬ţһȥҲԱ
£һǰӵ̬ȡ
Ż˻ԽƽƫſڣΪҲ֪ʲôȥδذȫڴ˴ҲǸ鷳
ƺЦһöлүˣ
ʲô飿岻ãŮǵԽԽˡ
үˣûʲô顣
Ҳˣһˡ
Ьӣƴȥ滹ܿطҲܴ
ȥƿʼɫһ䣺㵨±
Цˣһ·һ߿Ų԰׵ҪүģҲôүȻҲǿѣΪõĺãȹЩүӺˣүҰɡ
˵갲ȥˣ˳ӣƷһǹֵ꣬ɽҲûô۹
Ŵ治˸ĵط
۾ƺܿ췢˯ŵ
ֻǲú󣬾Ʋ̫Ź۵ķ泯Ź塣
һסӣŭ뱾Զ㡣
˯ⱻϣۣʮֲͷңҲδϡҪҪô飿
ȻˣƻǺһЩ뿪һ˵ľ룬Ž˯Ϣ
µ٣һη֣Ů˿Ųġ
ξȻԹԵ˱ᡣ
գԽԽҪ
ƺܿ˯ǿƫĵų
ʱ˸Σ￴һֱĶӳĽ˺һͻΧжĽݳ£㱻ը
鼱֮°ƺһĽݣ
תȥɫ԰ףűӣĽݡ
üһĨ𺻮۵ףŮˣ͵ˣ
ִ˼ƴ˯ãȻĿΧŷӦ˸ΣǸΣ
˲¶һĨ˼֮飬Ҳ֪ӳôˣϴǷֿʱӳȥִˣҲûʵˣҲ֪֪ʲô飿
Ľݣеôżûأ㵹żӳǽˣƲ߻иˡ
Ӵƹпϣ͸һŭ𣺡𿪣ⲻ֪ߵŮˣ
꣺үֻǾСлΪҪ
Ҳûˣֱ֢
汾
Ҵˣ
˵ȥһҩһˮʱҪ廻ҩˡ
岻ãŰƵ֡
ٻһΣܵȵˣûµĻһ˵һ߽⿪·ɫһ±죬Ϊʹޣת
ƵҲûзӦģѹûӦ
ȫȰƲãɳڡ
ҩãʼȡ
ϢɣҿţҪʲô£һᱣ㡣ƽ棬֪Щ˻ʲôֶΡ
㱣ûɵĿһķһĨɫϲŮ˵
Ǿң˯˾ܱҡ
Ʊһ˵˵꣬ŴϵɫʱЩڣ뵽˺޲ҲԸĿ˵˵ܵЩ˽Ҫ
תȥٵĳѾܲٵٵ˾͸ٵˣ
ῴ㲻ܡ岻ͷƻͷѾ۾
Ҳò𴩣ǿӲĹڰԵһ˿ˡ
˵ϣֱͦͦ˵ֻҲǼĲˡ
(δ)

ڶʮ ¥

ҹŽţƿ˲Ǻǰ𣿡
СĿ˿˵̫˻ȥ
ƾùʲô˵һлֱ˵ҵһҹ飬õģţԺһкö
էΪԱҪ׼ġ
ʱͻȻϺ飬ĥҩģҲˡ
ҵæյ˼лĻСĿ۰Ƶ
Ƶ£̨֪棬һӺη
֮ԹҲǺõôȻ⣬ֻǵı֪ԺС
Ȼݽ棬Ͼݰǰô׻ѿ
ģ˯ˡ
ŷģ˵氡ںˣةһµĽΪҪ޻
Ͳ󣬶ʮ£˵üŪۣŵλȴ֪ⲻǿЦ顣
˵⻰ҲΪ͹Ʋ
ǰЩʱ͹ڹеĶ嵱費㣬֣Ҳˡ
£󽫾һᱣŮ֪֪ԹԸ顣
˼תܸӸųȥҵô
˵
˶ܹ쵽ҲһҪӦ
С˵ҵѾС
ʧɫ㣿
ֻҪҵҵضͣҲллˣ¹ǧܣҵ֪˱֪Ҫ顣
һ򣬶ҪЮƲ¹æ
СȻڣ뵽󽫾ľͷôԿģǸôڹ˭ûиΣյĿɽ
ģһ
Ƕлˡ
ŷ£ųȥ
Źϣ
ת˯ŵĹ壬ҲҪڵĶ
ֻŲܡ
°׼ԷȻߣûԣˣԡ
Ȼû˯
ΪʲôҪ˯ûɵļŭոһֱţ˵е飬Щŭ
аӿǿʼжˣ鶼Ƹ
Ů˾Ȼ˵ˡ
ԭ⣬ֻҪ֮ɽȻȫȻͲˡ
ˮ֮ɽҲرǾд֮
ʱˣǰ֮ɽȻ᲻ܴ¡
ŵȥȥĴ飬ʱȴ˳ȣ˼һҡ
ƶŷߵǰι壬岻ԣŤ𴦡
㲻ԽҶ˹
ˣȥɡᣬƵı۾
үԾˣҪϧһԼӣԷ˿ںõҲѪҪװ˷ѵġ
һȥ
˵͸ͷˡ
ߵһ˰ٵĳ˷ɽǣȥš
ҹ٣ѩ죬ƴѹͿ忴˫ۣҲ֪ˣһǲ١
εƿſڣϪƳճɽ¥ˣʲôӢۺúβʶʶҲûа
΢΢һֽ׿ǰֶװǻƵŮˣһǸ
ʶģ屻ʫľˡ
ϪƳճɽ¥˵ĲǴʱ˾
һ־ŮˣǶһ۵ͣһ̣һ
ҲȥܣŽˡ
ҲǷ˹ˣô۰ĵܵ㲻ڸ֣Ҳż̫๬ŮºҲУʲôûС
Ļɵˡ
ԹűңΪǸ⣬û뵽ҲǼʼ塣
ƽסͷȥȻһͣԭƽһĨͷȥ
Ҳһû
ڴʱ֨ѽһƺ͹嶼һӦתȥ
š
ƺվڹߣĿעſڽˣŭȥ档
ʱˣ㻹ǿƵĹ˿ڱѣ֮ǰŬ׷ѣŹԣƲҪڳǸо
(δ)

ڶʮ 

졣
ϲһŮ˱һ߷ŵ䴮飬ָ˿ߣץһ顣
ſڽˣźɫҹ£
ʷŹ⣬˼·㲻ߣŴһɡ
ƹ۲һ£˻ԶԸ·ʲô
ŵ϶ȾѪﶼŽϻεδѪ
ƺȣŶԷֻҪǻṦģԸӦҲʲô⣬ŴҲǻдèĹ򣬵ݵ񣬿ǾʷϼأЩܴƶˣ޲׳˶ˤӶѣڷ߱Ӧöġ
໥һۣм̧֣ǰһ£̷ֿٽӽȳһ룬Է㿪תһˣһҲ㿪ˣȴһ٣˵ϣվûһ㶣һŰ˹
תȥһվһһѸٽӽһסĲӣͣ£۵һĨ⣬˰֣ߵѸȥҹ塣
ڴʱĺ˺һ㵵Ŀ֡
ת˲䵹ء
ûʱȥжˣѸһˣȵŲǰԷһȥۿ޷ոûָʱӦãʱͶཀྵӲѪΪѪӿ˲١
˼һסԷ󣬶ԷתһۿҪϣһֱۻȥ˼ֱۣɫѪֱð˳
ж
ͷ˲ðеվˡ

˲Ӵþȫȥ˴ӱ󱻼򴩣˲˫۵Բڵϡ
վ˫ŭŰƣ޴
üͷգжˣ
ѵð
ǽⶾʥ֣
ˣ庰
ֻзû˻Ӧ
ƺأƤأʲôײжһַӦƱ˭Ҫ
ѵһƺȻ̧ͷȥ֪ʲôطٳŹ˹ȥסѾˣոյĺһ̹סֹ˶Է
һƸо˶Ҫһ·Ҫһ
ƣ
ŭƺһŰƵƤһ˯˹ȥ
һѱסİƣɷĩ̧ͷˣ̧֣𵤷ۿȥϱĺǡ
һſڴתȥǣת뿪
סƣ
ͨ˵˵ϣﱧѾԵİơ
۾ֱۣɿ
ѵһײƫţⴳ˽ơ
ƴʱѾжԣҲ²ʡ˱һ𣬺ܿߵƣƣơ
Сжˣ㿴ֱۡçѣ֮ɽһۿȥƣҽҽ
çٳţȥҽ
֮ɽѰƷŵϣͲܵϹ޵һɳ֮Ӣ޵еĻ󽫾ʱȴ޵ʹġ
ĽʿǶϲ£סġ
ܴСνڣǽŮûнͲǡ
ƣҪˣҲˣ
޵ҽæ˽çųǹһǹˡ
ҿ
˵ҽѾ˸ǰݺ᣺죬ƿ
ҽæŸҿѾˣԴʱľҽ˵ʵ
о綾ҪúýⶾȷſҺúÿ
ҽ˲Ϊ˱ֻܻ˵
Ϊ汧Ůŵϣʱ壬뵽ŮﻹиСģ˵̧ܸ
çߵǰ̧ŵϣһһҽֻüװʩȡ
һŽⶾƵȥ忴˿Ȼصˡ
Ҫ˿ڣСȸ˿ڣŮб𣬻밲һλŮ
çȥҹֹ
ǡ
çתȥҽһ߸崦˿һβܡ
ԼҲʲôˡ
֮ɽŮŮˣ˭ùβֻˡ
֮ɽҽЩһøƴ
ǡ
ҽ֮ɽǵֹڴʱ建۾
ơ
ͳ˻Ƶҽһ¡

建ȥµŻҽ
ҽæź˹£Ϣŭ
أоҪѿˣѪпܡ
֮ɽʮߣģ㻹ûҼƺء
˵갲֮ɽȥסŮֶ֣˶ȥˣ
(δ)

ڶʮ йŮ

ҽȫ֮ɽո˳
ƣҪŵ
֮ɽƣƺϢ޹ǣ֮ɽڻޣƣҲˡ
סûɵķ꣺ôˣ
ҽæŻش𣺡жˣ
ҽ˽ΪʱԱ
忴ȥͱЦ
о綾СѾȷϹˣ
Ŀһ٣ٿ
֮ɽŮߣƣؼңؼҡ
һ֮߰ɽһ߿ޣѾ޿
ĸһ뿪ʹ
ǿסűߵİƣ뿪ڣѾûֻܿ˱ߡ
Ʊϵ۴ĵ֮߳ɽס֮ɽ
֮ɽͣ£תϵ۲û˵ʱۣѲ󽫾ģۻŮתˡ
֮ɽ޲⡣
ϵں˵֮ɽûͣȥ
Ҳһȥ
ʺƳǵϣǲǺģ
޵Ĵ޷ȥ
ϣ
ʺ¡
ϵתȥƳܣôˣةְֻڡ
ǻϣǿģôôԻһֱĲġ
Ƴ̧ͷ̲סᡣ
ǲգ󺦵Ǹס
Ȼ֤֤ڣôҲ벻ͨôøײ鵽һΪ
ϵ۷Ƴɣۡ
Ƴֻϵۿƫվûȥ
ˣȻĵȥʺȥɣϾǻʺģʺĸȻͬ˵ϵתȥڶ࿴һۡ
ʺƳʱ΢΢黢ǵģѵ˵˵顣
۰ˣ˿ȴߵȻ
أ
ƳȻúЦʲô
ƱŵϣŲϷſ˭˵ʲôûá
⼱Żȥ£Űƿ޸ͣ
ƻ۽һ
Ȼֹ춼ûӦƿϸ
ƣǹ
ƱŪĿЦãȻˣ
ɿƺú÷£ʣողжˣҽô˵ҲˣɰѵŻˡ
ЦЦǿ˶Ȼѹˣ廹Ǿ֮˵ʹеġ
жˣȳ˽ҩûôΪ˰ģֻô˵
ҪúϢ㣬˭̾ͬȫ¶ҪƣҲһůģеĸоá
ˣҪϢһ²ġ
Ϊǻ˶ʱһ뵽һȻϲŮΪλ˺ӣպ룬Ůô죿
Ʋ԰׵ˣʵʵŮİţ˵Ƶġ
ﻹһЩҩ취ȥͣҪã
ӹҩȻԸΪŮ
ͽҩȻɻ󣬵ǻ˲Ǯͨϵҩ˽ȥ
ƻص˼գսתУŽʥ˰û顣
ϢӲ
ȥ͵˵ͷʣŮû
⼸һֱԲȣҲ˵ʱǾٱ
ڵܲ͸粻͸磬ҲǸոյϢ
ô˵ǶȻģ΢У֪ģթԽ޷ˣ
ǡ
ֻʵش𣬹˫ۣź򣡡

Σְԡ
ϾǴ󽫾δүģο˭֪ı췴Ůǣ
Ե밲ơ
Ʊȥ뵽Ҫϣһ
οһ˵飬ĿھѹƲסҪڵĸоҲֻôҩȥʹһˡ
ɣս˵˶ҲϢȥġ
ƸߵԵðһѩɫԵõѩв
Ҳ֣ʶҲмˣǽһŮ˼ģټ
ʣʱкθ룿
һֺ棬ѯʡ
ҡͷû롣
ʶһ£һĲһѹֹܼ˵ˡ
ͬձضֵֿȥүȴôЩϰߡ
תʹŰȥĵƫԴˣһֱڴ˴ˣ˷еˣҲ
ƫ⣬ţӦ
뵽棬ֻ밲Ժ󣬰ȴ棬ǸŮʱЩʲô
(δ)

ʮ ϲ

뵽ҪҲûסǣŷ￴һۣã˺òߣ廹ó
ƿţǿƵĳ˽ȥ
Ҫվûü
֮ǰ԰תҲһʧˡ
Ȼһ׷ү͸֪үϲԼǸʵĺȥҪү
Ƶĳ֣ƫеĹ΢΢һ
˵ʱɫһյĵͺ𣺡˭ģ
ŮҲ̫çײˣ
һ̧ͷ
һĨâЦſոմ·ľ
ɨһ۲ϹŰӵĹ塣
ȴڸ¡
ˣֻǰͿĨҩۣ˴ִֽţҲ̲סæ
һί봲֮ǰŰƣƲԶ
Ʊ˵ﻹǸ궯ĶڣĪĲƵġ
Ǽ䣺ǹУôʣҲЩţ㣬Ȼ˿˵ãйŮһңҲ˵ʲôûʲôµģȥҲã
οոձʱ򣬳¹ڲҲţҪǳ£˵Ҫ۶;ңŵ㡣
㡭
ڳɽɫ

תῴ壬ʱðŭӰơ

檸ˣ
Ƹ˸ӣѵôһƽĮͷҲ̧תˡ
⣬ƻǸƣҲˡ
ͼæ׷˳ȥ°˵
ٲκʧˡ
ᶼǳĴȥ͡
кˮҡͷȥɡ
㡭֪ΪΣоһ˿룬ȴȻܾˡ
û£
£·ƫ⣬Ůôô죿
ĵ׺㵽ʹʲôֶΣʼˣ
˳建µȣʱӴһᣬŲסɻȥ
ƴʱĵļ٣Ҫȥ״
һϵĶ棬ĴǸѹˡ
ºú˵үҲһʱͿֻᡣڰƵĶһֱȰ⣬ƽʱ϶ֲֹҲ֣ⰲ
칫˵ū
͹ƿһ䣬칫ȥĵ
ҪҲû취
˽ȥæתȥƫҹ塣
ʱƵĵڣǹ£Ůμϡ
ϵ۴һ᣺˵
ͷ
ϵ۶԰ĸзѽ⣬˰ƵǰϸĿˣ
˵Ůһˡ
жҲܻ
Ůù綾ޱȵҩҩҡ˸дʡ
ϵǲ˵¸˷ѽ⡣
Եˣϵʣк£
ζûжϻ볼Ů޹ء
ֻΪ£
⻰ѹˣϵ۴ʱѾ˽黳ֵܵ˵زҲҵΡ
λϵˣע˾Ե˰ɡ
ŮӦΪΣŮΪ
ϵ˼ǰҩ޻ûԡ
Ʋ֪Ϻ⣬þ䣺ϿЩá
ҩ˴ҩ㣬޺ܿգǳԻǲԣ
ϵ۵Ļ᲻ס
ϣŮҩŮҲԽҩҳŮڰٶ֣ﲻҩĿġ
Ҳô롣ϵóƸҩ
˼ϵ˵ҩΣ
һ
ֵǰ֮˺ǿɲʹ⡣
һϰţ
ϵɫ磬ˣˡ
ūڡ
칫ϵ۵ĸ漱æš
ϵ۰Сƿ칫ȥ¡
ǡ
칫סҩƿҪߡ
ϵһ£ٻԸּǵ֮Ҫúϧ
ǡ
칫ת뿪
ºЦңȻˡ
ֵٺãҲֻǺϡ
Ҳǵù㣬˸ϵۡ
칫ߺϵ۲ʣյˣ
ƴó
ϵ˵Ȼ֮ҩǰҲӱһʳðɡ
Ƶǲˣʱ⹬µ¾ˡ
ȻΪӣȴԼŮͰ̫ˡ
ϵݲ˵ҲŤˣ£һ㶼⣬˵ĲǿѲκãȫµ˶һ̫࣬ӣ
Ȼô룬ȴ˿ҵ˭ǻϣֻܻش𣺡ǡ
(δ)

ʮһ 

ƴСƿȳ
ϵȴص¡
֪ϵڵȣû£ҲĻŻԡ
칫Ź£˰ʱŴƫ
ʱҲǺúõģϵ۲ŴӰӹҩƿ
ÿĵһΣ޽ưɣӲ㣬ȥտÿԹȥһΣʱͶһɣ
л϶䣡
˳ĵֱ뿪Ҳûȥƫ
ԶԶĿƣƹĵǰԺ׷ϰ칫ȥҩ¡
ߵűס
ƿȥ»ȥҪ
ֱаݳȥ
˵ҲûᣬֻÿŰ뿪
ƫ
ȥˣ
ʱŵϵͣҲЩ֡
Ҳ֣ǣߵúƽ
ӣʲô˵֣Ҫ˵ˣҲûǸ֡
ָĲ죬аƵ鵤ҩ廹ûá
Ҳãʡıķ
島˳ϵıӣû˯ˡ
˳վſ硣
ҩ˵ǵģʱأʲôҩǻ¡
֪ôģ
ƻصϢƬ̣˯һȥ밲ǸʲôһӰţֻų˹㲻ۿžҪˡ
ſһŭȣɱģ㣡
һεſڣһץסƵֱۣ۰Ѵ˦˳ȥվȰƱ˱
ƵǲİȻܰͳܺǸ˴࣬˵û¡
˲٣ܼ˱ƣ治ʱһ˱˳ųһȥԲɣȥ䵽Ҳûжˡ
ߣŮҲҴɱˣ֣ˣҸطˣȱȥһ
Ƶû£ֻ˭ɱ
һ
ˣ㣬ȻŮҪڴ̿ġȥǰ
Ůȥ˱𴦣ʱ¶֮ɫסƵ֣Լȥ
оĵǣ˵û¡
ͷ֮ǰĬࡣ
ƷҲס֣ͼðףû¡
ûôŰȥ
ԭļط١
ֻ֪һţԺӿһЩ䣬ԭʱʼͱʱҲҪԭԭţǰˣʱ䡣
ӻߣԭȹģֱԭ䵽ѧʱ򣬰ŮԭϣҲûط
ȻԭһЩȭȣҲƾ踮Ĵڣ㲻Ĺ
Ʋ֣ݼĻ棬ܾðʲôһµĺӣչˣȴҪԼߣˡ
Ҫʲôأ
ߣţƴʱҲ۲һطٲȻǸûʲô̫ͬ
û¡
Ϊ˰ܿģٴΰ
ʱɿ֣⣬˵ƣ֪ûС
£Ϊ£
ŮûУ֮ǰֻΪ˾ȹ塣ˣҲˣ
ɫһѿԭΪŮһǵһǿˣ񿴣ӣǸԵߵҲǰ취ûС
תʹļ׵֣Ǻðɣ֪ˡ
ƴǲµˣλǴŮˡ
Ȼת˵ȥͻ˵һǸúö㡣
ƲЦȻ
ŮɵˣεΪҪǾôˣŮǸѸѸҪټ޾͵ˣк档

ס֪˵Ǽ١
ϸһ룬ô¡
ٽŮֻǾãȺ빬ĻŮкô
ĬһᣬЦֿ죺ţ
Ʋ㷭ۣʲôúƭ
Χʣƽʱô
࣬ǳԷ˯Եԣÿһ͡ؿڡ
ҲѧûʺŮӵģƴ˻һĸв⡣
ƣ㲻ǲϲô
ǻģǰһϲ壬ڲǲϲˣ
Ҳֲ尲˵Ǽ٣ţҪѧ㹦Ҳ󽫾֮ŮҲܷ
վǻϣֲܳŮҡ
(δ)

ʮ 

ڹﰲƱ͹£һҪŮ˵ҲͲᱻ۸ˡ
뵽ˣ˵еУҪ࣡
ҿԵġ
Ůӣ˵ǾɣȻԳǹǵһĽѧϰ
Ľֵ֣ǺãҲû˵ԭļһ㶼ûС
תȥһߣһѽ
ƣ˺󡣡
˺һߣʼ轣
һᣬƲֽ֣һͲ˵ĽȻ࣬ҲĳŮ
ƣ㿴ôһΣǷһΣҪԭ壬ƾͲһˡ
ͷǰԡ
Ӱѽӹȥһӣʱ廹Щ죬ѧ⣬˼µĵλͣˡ
ɫ΢΢˱仯һǵŮ壬һǱˡ
վ·ǿһˣòŻ
ƣû°ɣæߵǰʡ
ҡͷЩۣѧ
ԥһ£ѧԣҪӦ򲻵ѣܸ֪Ľ⽣ֻ
Ȼװ˼װʣΪʲô
ľͺãẦ㣡
׽һغʲôҪ˺飬ԭһЩ飬͸϶ˡ
ģŮ֪
š
Ůɫһ˷ŮŸϢ

ˣ˭˽԰Ѱɳȥģ
һǳ⣬Ǿһƣ˸ͷӲǲҿ
ȫں޲ѡ
֪֮ɽǵ֮Ķ֣㻹ɰȥǲǿ̫ˣˡ
ҡ
Ѿæ£Ȼң㻹вҵ飿
۵ɱģҲûãˣߡ

ģ࿴һ۶ûУʮˣô˳ȥ
ﰲ˴ţͷҲأ취ȥҵʬ壬촦һƻУȻ鵽ͷϣ˭鷳
ǡ¡
ս֣˼ġ
Ϣһ죬ƽȥϵβսͿվڹ棬ƲᣬֱҪȥ
ֻ֪ܿܿŰȥĵ
Ƶĵ˰ʱ䣬ֻš
ȵˣȥ
ĵƹ£μϡ
ɡ
ϵ۵ʱæµǰһЩ糯ۣģɵͷվš
ȥɡ
Ů˳ֻ칫ϵ۲˵ɡ
ƴóСƿӣ칫ĵȥϵʾȡţ칫߸ȥ
칫ߺϵ۰ɸ˰š
ĺЦѵ⣿
ˣƻһĩŵĺá
ҩʱ칫ƫ˹û£ϵ۲ŷҩ衣
ȥɣȥҲ㡣
Ůȷʵ
ϵӵˮ͵ȥɡ
ǡ
ϵô˵ֻȥƫֻȥĲ鲻Ը
Ļɫڰ˼ȥϷԸģհȽϺá
ﻹһɷڵĶÿ£Ϳʼ궯
ƫͿӭȥ

Ȼˣôү͵ʱû
š
ӦһҲʣͲ֪˵ʲôҪ֣а취ôûӵġ
ȥƫſڣš
һ⣬ѧˣɶǳһƿ׽һ˵ġ
ʲô£ƫﴫͲȻش𣬰˵֮ǰ
һᣬĺʲôǷ֮ϲּͲˣ

סһתˡ
æ׷ϰƣʲôȻүĲȥô
͵ıҪƸ忴壬նԻҩͺܵġ
ҪǾôˣ˭
ΣķܽѾǵ컹ѵ£ҽҲá
ߵĿ죺ǿˣҪҹȥҲᣬ´ѧٹ
˵ҲͷӦѾԶˡ
䣬ƵȻ붳ţȥƫůһ£ȥƾʲô
ŲܶһЩ
ƽʱư˳һԲϾͲˣһᡣ
(δ)

ʮ һ޹

ͺܿſŵĹ壺м£ˡ
ô
Ҳû˵ʲô嵹ϣãš
ȥɡ
ԣʹˡ
ȥҰƣڹﻹϣүĲ飬˲֪ûߣǱ̫˹ȥ
ͼæȥ߹壬Ҳ⣺Ȼܼϣ̫Ҳ
Ȼô˵廹޷ϢΪһѺ
̫Ϊ֪ģҪԸһˣҲѲƤ
Ů˵ӣȻ˵Щʲôȥײ̫ôһƤ֮ⲻˡ
Ǵӹſڱסģ˴˻̫Ļ
˻̫ҲûʲôֻǹŲһ㣬Ѿܲˬˡ
װ岻ʣεˡ
̫ʱ򣬿˵ڵϣɵһ
ô£
ȻްƣҲûҪѰô룬Ͼ⼸ϵĵ˻ϻš
Ҫڻʲô£̫Ҳû취
Ŷãεˡ
̫ߵƵǰƵıϢһ£Ϣ΢ǡιȥˡ
˵ոջúõġ
̫־ŭָָ̫͵ȥ
̫ҲǣҲڻʱǻģֻҪųȥҲܰѻ̫
̫æŽ˰Ѱ̧͵ƫ
ͣã̫˵̫˵˻ˣ͵˴ӼҾȻȥˡ
ͲԣȻΣǹӦˣ˻һ˵ȣʲôӦûС
½Ρǹ
ƵȥΧĿڶ࣬Ҳ̫ûﶢţôȥˣ´ֶοɾͲˡ
ûҲһǣѵ̫˺ˣ͵
ү岻ʣҪȥ̷µˡ
˵ƿɵľ濿ţٲȻ˻ˡ
㡣
ͽæ̫ҲҴһεڽ棬·ϻȥ档
Ʊͷųָ˻ȥ
Ӵţ泳ҲˣƳҲʮ֮˾ţ˰ҲûЩʧȥˡ
͡
ү
æŻȥ
ʲô£
үڽ˯ˡͲεֻ֣Ҫһ룬ôˡ
ôʵҲƽ
Σжᣬôƽ
ûС
ҲڷԸͽ
ǡ
֪ʱΧ̫࣬Ȱ˵á
űȥ͵ƫ
ʣү
ɣ㿴ﻹĵطԷţûһͣµĿϵڰŲ԰ȴ͸ϡ
԰ȷʵˣ䶳ðɡ
͵⣬ү˷ŵߡ
Ʊ£ȥ̽һ£ȿɼһʱҲˡ
ȥɣûŵҽ
͵ͷӦ˳ȥ
Ҳף֮˵ţΪʱͱ乬ûʲôͬǽƣ˭ͽһ乬ӡ
뿪ƣһղ࣬·Ҳˡ
ʲôˣ
Ѳ˵ǽԲã
ҲװȥֽľҪŻ
͸Ϲ˫ˮһ¡
ԭ֮ϲΪǾãõġ
ĿӣƻŲһߡ
䣺װģ
ûأ˵ȥţ
濴С˼٣ڻ̫ǰȫˣҲ⣬ǰΪǱзˣιȥˣû£֪תġ
Ĺ۲죬֮ͬеġ
ʱҲöƤӣȥҲңֻ顣
̶ѨÿʹҪûиɽǲС
£ǲУ̫ͷҲҵǸǱȺ껹Ҫ¡
ţʣ̫õ㣬Щԡ
ֻǣҪԼȥˣ˵ʲô
֮󣬴Σķ֮ˡ
ƷСҲָ˺󣬹岢ûţȻۣδ
ӵڰƵϣźȵѪָľܿһ㡣
ƻعͿ忴۾Բ
ҪӹԽȥ֪ȹǱѹסˣһʱ䲻˳ɿԽһһ£òΡ
ʱмҪ˵ûžͽˣǡÿһһ¡
ʲôû
ת룬Ҳ̫żˡҲ˵ү建һ
ߣ̹һ˵ĿˣתһȫΪͣҲж԰Ƶġ
һ˶ԣʱȻŵöסӲҼ˵ģ谲Ǻã͵£ȫأ̹Ĳ̹Ͼôȥ棬˵͵ģġ
˦˦֣һ޹أ
(δ)

ʮ Ͷ

²ң
Ͳתƿϵĵģȥһ飬ʱԵĲڵˣҲ֪ǲǹˡ
һֽŵĵһŵĳԣ̽ģ
ʲô£
ȻʵͣĿȴǶŰƵģֻǰûҲ⡣
һúóԣһ顣
һˮһˮ𱭺һڣԵġ

ûӦû˵Ҳ֣תشʱ򣬲ſԹԳԵġ
Ҳһⶼʲôʱˣ˼ԡ
ѵĶû룬ŭˡ
ѹûǵ£˵ҧһڣιŭˣͣѸˡ
סƴʱת壬뵽һĶܳԣҲڳԣʣµİŻȥǾǡ
һùᡣ
ȥûɵŭˡ
룬ƫſڣߡ
վס
뵽Ҫߣһ֣ȥû֣ѾͷƢôɣһԲϾҪߡ
Ӳˬǹģ
Ϊѣ㲻ǰ״
˵үԸľǿƣܾе졣
ͣ£תȥүֻ·˴Ҳδ˰̧ģһҲҳԶүߣ߾ˣαش󶯸λֲ죬أ
㻹֪ϢԺһЩûĿһۣͣʲô£
ˡ
ͻص
ǰЩѵ飬µġ
뺣
ǡ
ͳȥ˵ȱˣǰЩӣ㱳ѵɱˣ
š
գգ۾һ¡
̾Ϣɣһȥڱﱳ죬ٸ
ˡ
ƵŹ屳ᡣ
ǲʶôһῴô죿˵ſʹźѾ
һ˦ȭū밲ˡ
ˣͣ
˵ţѾһЩӸˣЦĺϲ£죬˭ϲ鱦ܵõүʹͣʵס
ūллүˡ
ؿ¡
ūͶлүˡ
˵꺣Ѷպãƣ˵⡣
ūǷּ̫⣬ѵһµġ
峯ŰǱ߿ȥɸ֣˵ʲô˵ͺˣҪűӶգ
ˣūӻϿʼǶǱģҲūģܷıǡ
ҿʼˣͺ
ƿһſھҴ
Ϳų񣬺΢΢ͷ
ͷβưֲжȣͣЪ
ʱѾˡ
ϲһͨˡЦݿǵͷʾ⣬Ҳû˵ʲô
ÿĿɿڴĶŰƣٲȻĶ䡣
ڹ壬ǿŰƳ
ȻѾͨūȻȥˡ
˵Ҫߡ
Ƹȥס
תкδͽ̡
ƺЦͽ̿ɲңֻϴγɺĹգһֱǣҲ֪ϲʲôˣֽͰѼ׼ĻƤ״һ͸Ҳů͡
ƴһɫĶźɫĻƣһ
Ǳǰڴ߽ʱһֻͻɱ֮Ƥȡ˴̵ģô
СʱӲãûƤ˱죬Ӿͺˣҳˣûʲôôˣ˼׸ҡ
ԭǸТϺ̫ģùģȻǲҡ
ģǸɾģһ˫Ҷûù
ûùζ̶ûйȻˡ
ҲðȻϲĲУʹˣÿȴҪվźϣζֻԼ׵ģƤһˣҲûᡣ
̸̫ǣûʸ
Ҫǽùģ֪ˣҲûʲôɹġ
ο⿴ŷµģ˵Ϻ˭֪
ʵҲʲôöСʱ̴ĻҪǹǾˡ
ôūֻǲôص
ʥǹţ¯濾Ȼůͣϥ»еӣǹȴ氤Ĳ̡
ⷬﵹůˣϸƣȥǺ³çԴӼ޽ӵǳࡣ
Ĺ͡
ūллˣūˣūŻȥˡ
ߡ
ƿͿİ˳ȥҲһ󼤶ȥлᡣ
ȥͣܿصƫʮָˡ
ү
š
ʱɻĻ䣿
ոһ仰
ʮָˣҲ⣬λãֻҪͶã£һˣʵѡ
(δ)

ʮ Ļ

˵ʲôˣ嵹ǲ⣬ոտѾˡ
˵岻ʣú
Ͷ׵ĵͰвĵ
֮ʲôҲ
忴۰ƣԾͳ԰ɡ
ƺЦҲǹóԾͳԣóԾͲԣ֮£ҲΪ
Ҳûȥˣͻһظ
֮ǰ̫ˣƲڷҸ˻͵ĺá
˵Ҳȹ˵ʲôѾȥſڡ
ֻүĲҪߡ
ȻҲ֪ΪʲôλЩˣף²ףƵΪҪϽЩѡ
ͣ½ŲҪ£Ҫû°࣬˵ġ
˵갲ƿˡ
ͻͷһԲæ˳ȥ
·һ·ĻΧŹĲڸ̽ʼղһԡ
ʵڸϵ۵ҩѾһЩҩҲ
ֻ˵Ҳ˵
£һĸмΣķĻʹÿս֪˶ˣҪûи֪ˣҪ档
˶ӣǽҲ֪
ƫһһû˻ɣµŹ棬Ҳδ¡
˹ſڰƻôΪͣ˵ĿڸҲûһӦ
˳ͲתûɵĻȥ
صֱҰŮû֪ϹܼҶΪǸŮ˵
ʱ󣬰ƲŴȥ׼ľͰעˮҪȥһЩҩȥš
ԭʵ̫ˣϵͳҩ޸ҲǲһأΪԱҲòԼЩ취ˡ
ݺóƳҹȥоҩ˼ªĲټªʵóϵͻҩһĩо
ϵͳÿδ֪ΣնԶѣԵ粨ͻһѶϢǰĶΣգȻֱкξΣգоá
ڰҩͻʱ͸оˡ
ҩŵ棬ƿʼ۲죬Ȼжԣҵ֮ǰֻèˮèȣèʼúõģһЩήˣ·˯һ
˵ڹóĸ㣬¼оûʲô⡣
Щ⣬ϵ֪ԼԽⶾΪʲôҪ¶ȻҪҩȥ壬ȴΪʲôأ
ϵ۱ûѹôһжֻ˿ġ
˵ĻµĻʲôҲ˼
ڰƵԽԽʣǾã˵º޹أϢĺá
գվȥʹʥվĵ˰ʱ캮ض˿ƱòᣬʵһбȰȫͿĨ˷
˵Уʱȴ´ˡ
ϵ۴ƽȥվǰҩϵ۵ǹ۲òˣʣôˣ
ף̲סˡ
ʧ裬ȫ°ϱߣҲֻߵýһ㣬ڻʺô°Ҳľƣϵĺס
ػϣҪ£û£ðɡ
ŰôĻ
Ƶģûʲô̫Ĳϵ۵Ҳ˰Ʋ洫ѳ衣
ҩ£޻úóԣȥúõ
ƹŮһ¡
ʲô£
ϵǷˣ⼸Ҳǲð浯ı
Ů롣
ϵ۵ɫһȲд㣬ȥɣȥ
ֻ£뿪ȥƫ
Ϳƣæӭ
ҷ
Ҳ˵ʲôŰƽȥš
ƽȥ壬쿴źһЩƻôͷ˵Ͽˣ
дһʰƷЩˣʣ˭˵ģ
˾֪˵
һۣñӳһ׻Ǻʧ
ƵƽǻϷŻģȻѳΪ˰ҲҪЩӣ˹塣
һϵĿá
˹ˣ඼ˣƲ
߳ȥǲˣ̧ɣ˵ǿ뿪ˡ˵갲תȥƫſڣ뿪
Ը˽ʰʰŶ̧Ź壬뿪ʹظȥˡ
ԼģȻĻҲһ˵Ĳ
Ƴȥϣ;֣үֱֲܿ
(δ)

ʮ ƶ̽

ӽֿƵ˽Ǽȥ
ͻͷѾȥԽòס
үҪչˣ硭
ˣҲķҪ鷳Ҳúƽϡ
Ͳ˵ʲô岢Ҳٶ˵
ƻص˼죬ϵµҩðµģ׼Щҩģܿҩ̵ģȻ¿ͷӲˡ
»ûȥƾͽӵϵ۵ּ⣬Ҫȥ
֪ʮֲˬҪȥһϡ
ҲֻѹȰŰѰԸȥȻϵ˼ҪڹߣȻĿĵģ벻ȥֻɲ
ʰ˼·ƴһЩҩ漴׼ȥճžͿš
ưǰҷظ
߰ɡ
Ҳûʲô˵ģŶȥ
˳˰ҩİȥŷ֣ƵĶ٣ȫҩġ
ƴż·ȥ˹巿ĸڷ䡣
ʰһ£ʼҩҩ
ЩЩĲ˵ÿƾͺܷǷŵǰʡˡ

ܼҴȥܼңܼҡ
үȥ
ҲܼʱʵҲȥ忴ġ
߰ɡ
ŹܼҹȥһҩζŰȥ壬ʱѾˣָҲ졣
ߵǰ˿岻ͷٺͱֶŵġ
ưջȥүûʲôˣȳȥˡ
˵갲ƾҪ뿪ߣô˵ã
һߣү˵ɣžˡ
ôһƢɷԭԴ϶ǽˮˣҪȻôѰٻҪޡ
ܼҿ²ãǰͰ˵үˣ
Щˡ
˵˾ˣܼҲ֣ҵһҪүߣÿմĻ֦չȴү񲻽үʲôҲˡ
ŰƻȥϢܶҪ
֮찲㲻һֱڹϸڵķæԼ£ܼȥΣƿƿ޹޵ĵǣСһҶıСģСıɷĩҩӡ
ȷʵˣתԣ
⼸찲ưеҩ꣬ŴӷҪȥˡ
ܼסƣҪô
ҲҪȥҩ
Ҫʲôҩģҽȥ׼
Ҳáܼǲϣʱȥģ涼ʱĴҲã鷳͸Ӳˡ
ȥͲȥҲû¡
ܼȥ׼ҩģƱȥˡ
ϸ׼ţŪˡƶ洫תۣȻƶΪˡ
ʱƶҳ֣ɼ鲻һġ
áſڽƶͿ˰ƣƲƣԲŮ˵̬ȷԸϹܼңȥͰƴ˸к
ƿˣҲˡ
ҵأСģܼңոյĶ͵ȥȱˣٸүá
Ƶƶֱ£ƽʱҲֻᷳ˳ۣȻ
ҺĺҾ׼ģЩǹʹͳģѲܹĶˣƶ˼Ŀ
ĶƸ˵֣
ƵûںĶȻû⣬Сܹ֤˹ǲ⣿ðԳˣСȥҹС㣿
㡭ƶ˵ȥ˵ʲôǴѾѻˡ
ҧҧƶɫģãɣܼʲô͵˾ͺá
˵ƶȥ˹ķſڣһ£ţˡ
ƶʮᣬƵǾãƶôãҲȾãҪǹܰȢˣͿ뿪˰ɡ
תȥȷʵƶĶ˵ǿ֧ǧϲΡ
þǹģⶫǼҩĶûȥӣҲѵá
ʰãֱӿˡ
ҹζ࣬˲ƬŹܼҲע⣬뿪ȥˡ
ܼ֪ʱѾˣƹܼһ֣ȥˣ
ȥˣе£Сô
ûУм£С˵ʺʹһǧϲΣҪүҲβ裬ô
ܼἰ£һǸ˴𰸣ܼʣ˲أ
ɷĩˣԺŵҩүá˵갲ƻ˷䣬ҵʲôǧϲΡ
(δ)

ʮ ˼Ϲܼ

⼸һֱڸ㲻費˼룬˵Ϊ飬˵ǾǱԩģҪƽ޴֡
ƶ˴ʵһĿģҪ˵£һҵԭлкܶɺϡ
嵭һЦƶˣ鱾ԼȻǱԩЩɲңةҲɼӼȻѾ˽ᣬ˵ƶҲصġ
ƶ˵ͷϺ˺죬͹Сһ𳤴Ȼ˲˼꣬ףŹģܽ߳ȥȡ֮һĵ顣
ʱƶеĵҲ²٣Ͼû׵ĻǿԼλãڱصãһջġ
ܼҴǧϲε飬ƶɫʱЩѿˡ
ţ˵ʱƣǧϲοɲ֮ͨǻʺӻģȥ길״岻ʹģûã˹ҽ˵ǧĥɷĩôĥɷĩˣ
Ȼº񣬵һ˿ȴǾԲʾġ
ܼҲһľúõһǧϲǰװ˷ˣ⻹ΣС˼Ǻܲˡ
ȹȥڻǰѾˣԭͥУȴ˵ţһѾǲˣԺл᣿
үȥ
ܼ˵ͷ
ŹܼҸȥҰƣͿƶżҩ˹ܼңһҩһģСǧϲΣүüˡ
˵갲Ҳûȥ壬תȥˡ
ܼҿҩһ˵ü죬æŻȥ档
ƶҲǸ˼֣ȫģȻˡ
嵹ţûʲôǧϲΣǧϲǱƸ̰ˡ
ǧϲҲ٣⣬ϲþˡ
뷨ڹԺתȻʶһ⣬ȻðǧϲǸŮˣ
ʱˣҸĻȥԷˡ
ƶվװҪȥԷҲΪ˹һš
嵹û⣬Ҳ
ǹܼ뵽ĴԣүСͶϣ㺡
ʱԽһĻһ¡
ֻǲ֪СǲԸ𽵹󣬽븮
үѾʼ׼ˣΪСҪүšܼѣҲף˶ĵʱˣҲ͸һ˿ǿ˵µЩˡ
ô֪˼
Ҳգ͵ǽǵĺá
ƶû£°ɡ
ƶ͵ȹ仰ȻǸˣӦˣҾˡ
š
źܿ׼׵ܼԭ֪ͨƣϾǲҪҲȷʵ˵ȥ
ţ˸ڡ
ܼţ׼˯˾Ͳԡ
ƶҲǵá
ջǵţܼʣվ˵Եʱͳˣùҡ
ǡ
ﲻܼһȻöԲƣ¹ȫ˭ʧˡ
̫ܹģ˵仰ٿ˵ҲǺõġ
£̫Ųʵ̬Ѿ˵һС
ΪٿڵҲܲ취
С黹ãүҲģܰţξܰȻȹ
ЩûʲôүһʧƣҪԿࡣ
ǿӴѾ׼˷ˣһЩ̲Ѫʳƶ׼˼嵭Сˡ
ùʣأ
ˣѾʹˡܼҹ
ɫ΢ɽ׸ıƣûû
̰Сˣعء
ǿʸ˵ԡûɵһջӰԷҲ¶档
ƶæ˵£Ҳ⡣
ɫ䣬ǲ⣬أ
ȥɣƶЩ£ʵҪǻʺ㣬ûлദ
СŮ죬һҲܰŮǰֻݾʹʺΪϵҲɷѿġ
ֻǱռ˱ˣ뵽ƶ𣬵ƶҲףѾ޹ؽҪ֮ǰƣ뵽Щôĺ޾ˡ
ܼȥ۷Ǿ仰ԡ
ɫѿҪ岻ȥŮˣ
ƶæȰ⣺ȳԷɣΪӣο˶Ҫˣ˾Ͳóˡ
ҲΪһٷò͡
ܼ°ײ˰ȥſţʵҲ֪ƶûߡ
һιܼҳֵʱû⣬ȵڶιܼҳ֣ˡ
ſŰȻʲô˼һ²һ£ŲȥӣԸ͹ϻûгȥ
ǲȥȴҲסֳ۶
(δ)

ʮ ֢ү

˯һᣬܼҼææ˹
ƺȻ۾ӴţΪ̫żոϵͳ޸УоǺģһ͸һˡ
Ƹоؿڳƣƺĸֿʼˡ

ȰӦܼŴ˽Ҳ˲ٲҪԼˡ
·һҩ䣬ƸŻŻŵĹܼȥ˹ӣžͿͷðվŰ԰ҲŻˡ
ƶŵɫ԰ףᡣ
һʱùŹ֣ȫȥ

ƶвʣҽôƻῴʲô
ܼҲҵƶȥС㣬үëˣһŵС㣬С㻹ȳȥĺá
ƶû취ֻøųš
ʣʲôˣ
ʱŷߺ޵۾ǰĳŮ˿оҡΣҲ鴤ŬҪճȭͷҪס塣
ס֣Ὺֻס
Ŀռˡ
βжƵ˶ۣҲ΢΢ʱһЩ־
ȻŰƣΪ˵һУҽˣ˵Ȼиоݡ
ʲô
ҡͷʱ֪ҷȥ£Ҹһ¡
ƷŹȢϣ½⿪ʱѾֽܾһֱڳ鴤
ȿ˹壬ֿ۾
û⣬ʣ֢
ʱ˵ֻҡͷ
Ʊ۾ĬţϵͳԼĻǾͼһ£ʲô״ϾŴʲôȽҽʩûУҪǿŶҽѧһԨ֪ʶ쵰үˡ
۾ļ󣬰ƺȻ۾Ŵɫ԰ףͼסֵĹ壺ˣ
һ⣬ƲӦ¸ϱӣȥסһֻ֡

˵Ѫ裬׷£ⲡɴС˻ˣĻһֱ鴤
ôΣоôˣʰơ
һߵıǾܵĲŭ壬á
һ߲ĺһ˵Ϣת
۾ֻǳԷʱ˵Ȼӣ˵ȥЦˡ
ƿŹ彥תҲˣֲŴӹ
建۾Ȼʹܶ࣬ǿ
ոջȫ鴤һˣʱѾûˡ
̧忴ѾİƣƺСˡ
ôˣ
忿Ŵͷ¶ƣУʱ޵ĺۡ
ҪǿţҪȥˡ
֢ʱ׷࣬ûأʶҲһֱѵģҲܳȱѪ֢״ǻԺһ˵࣬Ƣ˲ŻֻҪƺˣպҲͲḴ
Ծģǹˣϲŭɫܼ򵥣ƺ˾û£Ҳûʲôɵĵġ
Ժ󻹲ܰôˣ
Ʋ죬ʲôϵԷʱҲûڡ
岻ԣˡ
ȥɣһ˴һ
ת˼ﻹǴڣΪ˰ֻóҩ͵ǰȳ£ڲ
ҩŵҩ軯󣬲þ͸оӶˣ۾ʱƵߵĿ죬Ŷˡ
£ܼҺƶæſ嵭żз纮ѣûʲôСֵģƶȥȱˣƶ
ƶһЩ壬ԷȻС£۾Ź˼뿪
ƶһԣԭͰǷֿסġ
ǸϢ
ƶܼһߵķſڣֱͦͦĹˡ
Ȼ岻ʣſڷʲô֪ġ
ɣҲǺģ⵵ӵ飬ıҲ֪²Ϊ鱾д㣬ûеҪ˭ĵز
ҪҲǱԼյպҪˣŻؽϹһͷ۵£ֻҪ£ҲҪܡ
ǡ
ֻܼ뿪
ƶصȥĸˡ
ʮƹе飬Ԩףϳּеةǰʮеλة½˼λ̣˵ĵλڸҲ˺
ƶ˼ȫڹϣܸҲֻĸˡ
(δ)

ʮ ҷ

ĸס
ӣƶæȥˣ˴ʱڶžӹۿȻʹһЩ̷һҲЩȻǱȲ˸ȴʼܰѿغةϲãةҲĴ
ϸĹϽةȻǴӲĻᣬÿδʹһҩǸɾ
ҵãǳˣҲ׶Ͼĸ֮
һǶǵľʾ֪޷Ǹݣͱȸ˸߲٣Ƕ˵ķ֣ΪҲ຦Ҫһ㣬ةܺá
˿ةǶ㿷֮ġ
˴Ӳ룬Щ
ƶˣ˸ӣĸŮҲ̵ܽϸھҲǳġ
Ůĸס
˴Ӿпһƶô
ҲةʹةҲûнмȴǵةģǾҵŮǱҪ޵ȥġ
ƳҵĳŮŮ޸ϵ۵ة˼ʱϵۻֻǸ̫ӣȻ̫ӣȴþģʱȵƺףֻҵϵ۴̫ӳһ֮
ҾҵҵֻΪҵ̫ƽûа취ǰҲԤʾҪ˥ܵľˡ
ةϵ۵ǰߣ෴ر֣Ρ
Ҫõ㣬ֻҺͻҵĹϵˡ
ĸףǿˣڲãŮ
ƶ߽ˣº͵ЦЦ
ƶͷЩɬΧѾͷ̲סЦҲĸ˶ĸ׽ˣΪĸ׿ǳġ
ĸã˵ˣǸߣҲǻǵˡ
ƶС˽̵ȻЩݵСƢȴ֪ػЩ˵ﲻãҪŲУؼʱΪ㵲µǹ
ˣȥɣߵġ
˷˵ȷ׷£ʣĸŮˣ˲תŮԼģȻϲĽ
ŮҪ֡𱸣ȴ۰
ƶȻףĸףһǸӣĸǰŻˣȥͲˡ
ƶ֣ǲϾᣬʣûкã
ûкã岻ͥʵҳԷܷͦ˵ģ˵Ҳ죬ǸŮæȻûˡ
ƶ۵һĨŭ˶Ҵ᲻Щ
˵ڶ˼
ĸףŮǷǾ޵ġƶ˵Сѿ¼
ʱŮģҲᣬƫƫҵľһţôаơ
Ǹ˵²׺;ҲŻģвʣĸҲǲ֪ƶ޵أ˺γۡ
ںܾ֮ǰƶǸӵʱ򣬻̫ӲãŮƳչˣҵ˸ᣬƶҲ˹
ԭǸܺõĻᣬɵͷȴȥ
£Ī˵ƶвʣ˺γĸʡ
ֻҲǸϵ۵ǻ϶ʦݣԶ󽫾Ѿѹˣ˵ҲֻŮƳʺ󣬶ʺȴʲôð
⽭ɽǱ˵ġ
˵ңةҲ͸꣬ԭ԰ŮͽȥȴûôѡңףҾҽõļѻ
ʱӶϴСˣϱҲǾҵˣʱǿҺ«ﵽʲôҩ
˵ϱӲҲǾҵҵ
˵⻰ԺҪ˵ɩɩҶΣҲҪ˵ֻϾ㲻֮кжҲ£ĸ׻ɫ
ĸףҲϲЩֲ֮ˣŮϲƶ˲Ӧʣ޵ĸס
ҲûãŮ㣬ο㣬ҲӦʣҵŮ̡
˴ʱԽã²ʱˡ
ʵʼһм̫ģûãʣܵܣܵܶܵϻλĻ˵ǡ
뵽ˣҲǲġ
ƶɫ԰ףĸףֻ޸ǸƣĻ»ôο
ƶҧס촽һɬ̣ʣʲô²˵ģ
ĸףҽȥһ顣
Ŷ˿Ůɫ֪ʲôڼ޽ĺϢȻǴżɻ
ƶ˵ͰǷַ˯ġ
΢΢㶣⵹û뵽
(δ)

ʮ ҹ

ةӳлѾˣϵǲã糯ûйɫүȫزڼУҲ˿ãʱ˾ټ˾ҵˣôһþҵ˵˳衣
²˵ҵĴŮǣ˵ǰʫ˵һĳɼƷò˽軰ϵͷʣҲ˾֮нֵ顣
ᣬ˾ȻΪȡûϣڳ£Ȼ̫û˵ЩʲôѾ䶯ˡ
ǰҪѡ̷ϣἰ»ŻʺĶ飬˸ѹȥˣ˴ἰõ飬ףǻϵ飬Ҳֻе
пԣ
ֻ£ҵŮƱҪ֮С
Ȼһİʺ󣬵˭Ҳ˵壬οȻЩֶεġ
ةֱ˷У£Ůƶȥ¡
ƶ״ˡةƶæȥݼ
ţĸ˵
Ůة໹º͵ġ
ƶ˼һ£Ů£ˣӰ츸ĸ˵
˵ƶˣةȻ˽Ůġ
ˡةʣô£
үô¡
˰ѻ˵꣬ةҡͷʧһɣȻ˵ϵҲףճ˾ҵĶССȴѾ£ͷҪǹ°
һˣʣү˼ǣӦðƶͽ
Ϳ㻹빬Ը⣬ǰ˳Ļ䣬ƶһҪ
ةһŭ⣬һ£ʣү˼ǣ
ҲֻܵˣþȻӲֻһҪӳ顣Ůһ͸˶ⱾȶȨ֮·һٰѾͽУǾ͸ҵ˼ˡ
ǲܣ˻ܣʺ֡
Ҳֻܾˡ
ƶʱҪţȥ¡
񻹲϶Ĵ㣬ȥǲãȻѾȥˣҲ֮ģҲҪȥˡ
ˣүģһܺƶ
š
ƶһЩ֪¹شȻ˵޸ʱҲʱת˱Ժûڳ
ճ
κ๬̫Ҫ̷ϵҲ겻ѡ˽ڴѾ
Ƿ׷£ϣϵΪ˽ɽ𢿼ǣѡƶȡ
ϵ۵ûֻ˵ͣҪѡ㣬ĳͷȥ
е°Ƶǲ֪Ҳס˵
˼ŮУܵİ۸̲סԼҰƣʱ򻹴˼ڻƤãɫģʮϲŮҲܷÿ
ƿȻǸˣϵĽǵȥĺԺҲ
Ů棬ϰѵƤøƴϣƿһģ飬Ʋ֪Ҫѡˡ
ҪȻɲԸ⡣ԥһ£е˼ˣƺЦ
ûм޵ῴң𱲷֣Ϻ͵Ǻѣοʣôϻϡ
ܼ΢΢벻͸ʱ
˵ǲᣬסĴ󳼴ڣһͲûѡ㣬Ůܷ֦ͷˡ
ΪʲôŮˣƺ档
ߣҪʲôʲôҲ㣬ʲôҪȥǷҸ佫ʲô˭Ҳס
ƺȻ֣ʵҲıԶǣֻ˿
ΪʲôõƤãѵΪҪѡ㣿ⲻ͹ذɣѡͽʲôϵ
һЦ˶޳ѡ㣬ةˣǻϵ£ûбҪֻеû¡
ϺĵټʵҪʲô˵ҪƤã͵á
ҲУ
ѡ鿴ڱУʵ۵ҲΣҪһնС
ʢûĹ壬˵ȶˣҲˣ㷹Ż˽
ư߲ŻȥʱɫѳϢʱ򣬰ȴӵּ̫ܲҪٽ
ΪʲôƲԼãѡйء
ҹǰѵȺϴεõƵĺô˴ǰ֪ᰲơ
һǰһ󣬺˵ЩʲôˣԺŵһ׵ģȻǸӡ
(δ)

ʮһ ε

̧ͷһͷ˶ĳ֣Ⱥȥ˳ûúӳ̫ĿͣѰƴ˽ȥ
֮ǰ֪ᣬûʲô̫£ҲС
ϵ۶ûã⼸ճ϶飬̫ҲΪѡһλӯ󹬣յĿĻҪΪѡһλԵ»ӵˡ
۵ĸоٵ£ʵڸ˲
ǰ̫Ͳĳõ飬ڿǸأȻ겻£þӳ¶棬ǹ¾̫󣬶˴ôȻΪةСӹ塣
Ͼ̫궼ʶ⣬бȻʲôԭ򣬿ôҲֻԭ
ȷʵ֪ӵԸֶӵ£ȥˣСӹ壬һܳ裬ĸ׵ûҪģ£ͲӲ
ĵһȻǸӱǾҪةϵѡҲԲˡ
Щŵװ嶼̫һٲֱ绢òģǸǹ֣һǸŰķݡ
ѡʲôģ
ϱݼĸ󡣡˳ƱȻҪ¹
ɣûˣֻ˵˵¡̫Ȼ˵ƻվ
Ҳ֪㿴Źϣ̫Ҳ
ҪԸӶԸˡ
ο˭֪͹ˮ
̫ߣ̲˰˰ӷŵ̫ߡ
ƴһȥл̫ȥ¡
ղضˡ
̫ǴȤһƱ꣬ڳ
ĸ󣬶ϱصҲүѵˣǼջȶϱѵϱС±飬ү˵ϱԺûأͷϱ飬ϱȻҵѧˣ
ó飬㵹ҲǷȱЩΪûأľˣǱ㶪ˡ
̫˰֣Եˣֻź
ƾ֪Ҫˡ
ԭ̫ˣˣ治룬Ǻûǲá
ϱԺһúÿպúѧϰ񷨣ĸĽ̻塣
̫Ƴһ۰ƣôɣҲûа㣬мҪȥˣͣˣȻҲĲ㡣
һ꣺ĸԸ飬ϱԵ߾ܣϱ˻鷳ĵû̫ģĸ֪Ҫϱʲô£
ûϢģʲô´鷳ոջˣôһԭα¶ˣҪѱ
̫һŭôôŮʵˣ
ĸ󣬶ϱԭͲģѵβˣϱǻᡣƼװһ޹
̫Ҳú˵ʲôˣȥǹʺ밲ɣĹغ㣬˱ˣȥɡ
ϱȥȥ˹⡣
󺣹ųסƣ
תһĨΣ
̫˼ǣҪҵĶС̾ǻʺǱ߻Ҫͷġ
ƾ֪ûʲô¡
ҾͲˣĸҪС̾Ϊβȥʺּأ󹬵鲻ȫĸôƼװ֪
ЦⰻȻ˿ʲôè塣
̫˼ǣ²ּ󹬵飬ҪûʺԼģ˴ȥȻҪʺԼ˵£˵̫˼ȻӰĹϵ˭ﲻġ
ŶƼװǲȴͲˡ
ҡͷ˼ˣʯͷԴô㶼ͨ
Ҫʺ˵ҶСƷжׯģ̫Ҳ޲ڣ빬̷ϣȻһ׮
Ϊ˰°ãҲ˲ϰˣȻЩ޴ԺչˣЩƤ֮࣬Ҳ͵ǻ֮ˡ
ƵǺЦϹǡ
ˣ
ʺûûŮһ˶裬ŪС㣬Ҫһ׮ҪҪˣ
˼󣬻̫ڱô죿
ȥˡ
תƳŷǹȥ׵ҡҡͷҲΣ
ת˳
ȥˣ
̫ڿ㣬һ߿һʣĮĺʲô¶û
ߵǰС˵ȥˡ
Ϊ˹ֱԻĹҲ֪ģǱƫǲϲΣرúõˣãҪܳȥҲֻܿǱϻûСˡ
̫һʳӵˮˮֺĳʳ쳣ҡ
۾һۣԵĺס
̫˵ǡ
̫תȥȥ㣬Ѿˡ
(δ)

ʮ ּ̫

ǹȺһᣬʺƳڷǵŮǰʺѾȺʱˡ
ȷǴӻ̫ģƳʱϰ£ҵĺܡ
Ůɫף˵ȷʺǲӲȻȥϹ
ҪƳֹŮҲ֣֪ʺôˣӵ֪ǹͿʼ겻ᣬһֱڡ
ƳＫ䲻ʣ̫úݰ
֪һ޹صģȴҪϾɱ
߬Ƴ˵ɡ
ǡ
Ůȥûý˷ǵ
˷ǵȥʺ밲Ůμ
˰ɣһôʲô
ƳȰƹ£ѾŰˡ
ȥɣ˵˵
ǡ
Ů£ƳŰ¡
ưǴĸģƳƵͷ
ûǴĸǱġʵش
Ƴ˼ĸʲôּܲ
ּܲûУֻ˵Ҫʺ밲ƽ˵Ƴֵš
Ŷ
ƳҲˣô죿
ǽ˼䡣ƾãʹʹ˵ߡ
ȻʺҲȡ
ҩΪ˭ܹǾȡ
˵ʲôƳЩ
ƾͰѺĻ˵һ飬ƳϽûɫҲ˼꣬԰׵ûϢ
ʺôˣҲƳҲû취˭֮ˡ
ÿҲһɼ
ƳָЦЦҲã⼸һ겻һˣźҲЩģиҪ汾ֵǸöã⼸ҵĶСѾˡ
һȥʾ̫̫¡
ƿƳǿľԽطûˣǵ飬Ҳܲôࡣ
ƸˣƳ˰֣ʾⰲ߰ɡ
Ƴ˷ǹȥ﹬ûߵͿС¹ԶԶľͣˡ
С¹Ǻˣ֮ǰŸ
ƵС¹˸ǰȴк
С¹Ĵû˲˵Ƿǰģ˵ȥˣ̫ѾЪˣˡ
Ȼʲô˼Ϊ˱˶ĿҲȥ﹬ˡ
֪ˣлл֪ҡƴһԪ
С¹һûƳûֱӸС¹ϴε飬˹ҵҪġ
ʹð˵ȴȥ
ְ֪ǮģȻҪƣŻиġ
ҲҪķǣţġ
СڹиĸףѾʮˣȻӲʣ۾ȴˡ
ǰЩʱҵѾȥĸˣ廹ãֻж㣬ҵȥչˣҲǰ취룬յϾȥֻȻǺõģβҲ취Ĵ򣬲Ȼǽչˣ֪Ҳá
С¹ס
˶࣬ҲǸмأҪûйûˡˡ
˵갲ƿȥС¹ŰԶȥıӰһǣѵв
뵽ĸ״ĿţֻǶ˸Ѿͷ˵ſڼҪģѵˡ
С¹ȥҪȥС
Ƴӷǹ͸о岻ʣ·Ҳ
⼸ĲߣҲ߲
˳ƳԳӭһ·˳밲
̫˵ɣﲻ
Ƴ£˼䣬ҶС
ʺ˼ǣ̫󵭵ʺ£ĸ󣬳һ󡣡
Ŷʲô£
ĸ󣬶ϱ⼸սѷ̷ϣģֵ׳꣬˲֮ʱ檿ΪϷǣĸΪΪϳӯ󹬣Ҳó檲Ҷ󣡡
ʺʹ飬ȴֻܡ
̫˵Ȼˣȥͻ˵ɣ±Ҳ棬ͬˣҲġ
Ƴˮ̣Ǳȥ
ס
ɡ
Ƴ̫󻺻æȥţ̧̫˵˵Ҳˣ꼸ˣ
Ƴ￩һ£뵽ЩʲôæŻش𣺡Ѿˡ
ţһɣͬģҲһ׮¡
ĸ󣬲ɣ
ʺ¹£̫ɫŭкβɣ
ĸƶǰҲӦ񡭡

檡
˵ɣģ
ƶСϦദѾȻᣬƶСڹУĸҲ֪ѻϿĽʹСӣŭհ
Ƴ£ĿڶʹⲻҪҪҵ
(δ)

ʮ ŭ

˵ǱĴˣ
̫ɫãƳ󣺡ĸƶȻ˼ǣ룬»ӳ飬ἰҶСʱЩѣƶǲǸˣһһŭˣҲˡ
̫ĮĿƳ˵Ǿƶȥ߰ɣҲǱһݣȻҲðԧ죬ɡ
Ƴ絶ʣʺãȴ˵ȥҪҪˣ
Ϊ֮ƣ
лĸ䡣
ɣ»֪ô˵̫ʵƳͷЦ⡣
檻˵ǳ檵˼
ţûʲôˣĵҲˣֻһ˱Ҳȷʵۣȥɡ
̫˰֣Ƴˣתȥ档
Ƴ΢΢˸æŸˡ
ȥһ·Ƴ飬˴Ů棬һСʺҪҪ֪ͨү
֪һɣõʱšƳ˷ǹ
ƴӻʹѾҹ̴˯һᣬ˳Լꡣ
үڵ㡣ܼҿҪߣæסֻø˹ȥ
Ȼǵġ
Ͼԭͻᴳ
Űȥʱһ£ûʲôĽݵ嵹Ǿû֮ǰĽݵ˽ҽĽ˶ھΡ
ĽݵǺõģһˣһڣ̫࣬嶼ˮˣǰĹ壬Ѫ˻ǿЩˡ
ʲôأ
¶ãϵ£Ҳûס١
ĺһ£ŭŮ˼ңû߳ܣűͲϹ۾
ջĿ⣬һߣҵ۾ϹˣҪôܿү
ƺȻΪԭż̸еȫ³һźÿƤңĵطûκһϲģƲԭôͿˡ
˵ʲôһŭҪ
ƶ뵽˱ˮһߺˮһѣȫ鴤͹Թ
˻ȥûʣĸô˵
飬۹ܼңүסڹ⣬ܼҶǹˣǹֵģߵȻ̫ˣò˼ҵǰ̫á
Ҳû˵ʲôĸ󻹺ãǺ˵һ¡
忴۹ܼңȥɣ˳ŪЩԵˡ
ǡ
ܼ˳ˣƲ˵ĸҪʺѡ˵ĸʶҵĶС㣬ҪҺͻʺ˵
嵹ƽһᰲƣʱ򣬻֪
үʲôⲻǺúõôƴ˸Ƿֱ뿪ˡ
˵ʲôѾˡ
һ忴򴰿ڣⳡѩҪˡ
һҹΣƴӴϸҪƽʥּ
ƽӹʥּһΣĹ˴ͣ칫ȥ档
֪ˣҲ֣ʱӦѡ飬ôʥּ͵ˣٰƽȷʵ֡
²²ҲҪȥǵóҩûһˡʥּ°ƾҪߣ
վס
ת£
ȥ֪ͨһСģ˱ˣĲ㡣
ģҶ
˵꣬תš
ɫͷҶײˣ
칫һ·޻ȥĵ
ź칫ˣš
ƹͱϵһ۴İ߻أֻͷüˡ
ʺһϣô㣿
ϵŭ𣬰֪ʺơ
ϣŮ֪
㲻֪޿֪ηҪ㴦ˣͷ֮ޣˡ
ϣŮ֪ˣ
ϴϵ۷侲ˡ
ӸߴڰƵǰͣ£ʵ£˭ע⣿
ϣȻ֪αң
ǿˣûˣµҲֵʱĪȽ¡
ϵߣ㾹Ҳ˵
ϣǳŮ˵ʲô
ϵĿ˼֣޿ʲôҲ˵ֱȥն˵ĺá
ϢŭŮԴɲֵǮ
ߣȱǮôϵ۵ɢһЩƸоûΣգҲʵһ
طֱͲġ
Ҫ취ް½ˣȻĲ㡣
ϣ¸ŮҲûйϵĸί
ϵۻȻתŭĿԣ㻹˵
Ƶͷ̸ȵģ
(δ)

ʮ һ

ˣϵ۲˼ŭ⣬תȥʵ㣬紫ʱˣװģ
ĿһȻûģոŭҲΪӣΪľǸһֲ
˼ƻԥˡ
ˣֻõϵ۵ãȥնˡ
ĵѲ⣬ϵʲôû취֪ϾǻϣҪûЩǸҲλϡ
޻̫ˡϵơ
ֻù¡
ϣŮ˵
µֻӲͷƤˡ
ϵ۷۳ŵϵİƿȥкβ˵޵޵Ĵ󽫾˸ʲôŮ
Σý˵£ϵϾôֵǮҲǷˣŴôһһɣܵˣ羹ȻҲˣ
ϣŮֻǱˡ岻ʣֻòˣƸĺá
Ҳ֪£ϵ۵ûҲͷ泯棬ȴоõϵۺܼɻ¡
λϣǲ빬뵽ģϣε˲У֮Ƹоĳϵ۲
ŮһİĽȢ˳ŮȴҪŮһ֮ɻŮ׼ģ裬ŮΪõ۰ųŮһߣǰ
ô˵ûз֮ʵϵºЦϵҲɢˣ𣬰ֻóϡ
ϣŮҲԸˣջϲڳۿŮãҲһ˿ŮĪȻһǿȡᲢҸǰŮģٲమһ֣ܻһúˡ
찮ŮȻˡ
һ˵꣬Ȼܳôһʵס
ϵ۽Ųһһʣô˵ò룿
ʮǳǻشǻǲǣΪ˻ѡ£ȴ˵
ϣҺȻԵޣŮһϣͳŮ룬»Ҳ֪ģֻһֱֲԸ룬Ů룬˳Ůˡ
Ҫ˵ò룬ǲڣԭҲޱҲǢòϣҲ˵ˡ
УôײЩͨķˣĲǣϵ۵ǾãѰڹһ¡
Σʥ
ϵ̿޻ʥ˵ʲôˣ
ϲŮŮȥȷʵƵ飬һó˼Ů룬˳ŮƵͷ
ϵ̾Ϣһ޵Ļʵܣ޻˽⣿ȥȷʵ£ڵĴҲô黳
Ůֻ룡ƹ֡
£ݶϷοҵϱ»ǲҪᣡϵࡣ
ƽϵ۵̽ĿĴﵽҲͲھ¡
ǿˣҪ룬ǹͬ⣬ȻκҲ¡
ŻϵܶȻܾʲô
룬Ҳȥ롣
һԼϲżҲż
ɣ޻л˵
ĵŽҪ飬ϵȻ˿ڣҲ֪Ҫ
ҶС£Ҫǲᣬ⡣
ϵʣ˵ʵҵĶСҪ빬˭˼ʺ̫󣿡
̫ϣƵϵ۵˼ˡ
²ˣȻҪ̫ӵģֻҪҵġ
ŮҲ֪Ǻ˵ġƴʱ侲ž̫˼Ϊأ
ϵ۵뷨ʼմⲻҲҶԡ
һĶڻʺϣ޺ȻǼһֱڲޣ޵ķޡϵĿԶȻ˵ˡ
ƻ̧ͷСһֵۣͷ
һŮ˵ȷʵ࣬رŴڵ֮ҡ
Ҫϵ֪ĶԻʺ󣬲֪θ롣
Ҫ޸أոնϵۻָ糣Ʒе㵣ǡ
ϻִˣ
ŮǻϣҪ䵽ŮϣŮӡ
ϵۺЦô˵ҪǴӦˣûˣ
ϣǳŮãϣϻǸôӦ̧ͷΪԱҲֻˡ
ѾƵ˷˼ϣƵĴ£Ҳա
ة飬ù˿࣬ˣ̫󷴹һΪ˻ϿǣʵҪɫ㲻ӣҲ㣬ˡ
ҪнڱţҲòˡ
ʹŵô࣬Ըֱҳ㷹һҲҲ
׵ĵƳ᲻ףΪʲôΪ˸Ů˳ΪԼҲΪҡ
ǹǻϣ͸ûвĵˣҪӦǻʺҲס
˵ϵ۵ոյŭѾɢơ
ʺлʺ뷨ɡ
ƻ˵ʲôõ黹˵Ϊ
ϵɲʧ񣬺̾ϢһƺҲ顣
漴ȴһ£ùҲùˡ
޻һ㡣
ƲЦ㰾һ١
˵ϽƵ˵ͷ
ȻϲԸΪȢϵһĨ棬뿴ƵķӦ
ȫƾ
Ƶǲ⣬ҪȢֲãͿЩˣʹЩֶΣ뻹ǱݣǸĽ
ֻҪ͹ϾϵôֵĶҪֻҪɡ
ȻͨҲˡּ̫⣬Ҫ˵㣬ΪӭȢҵСŮƶһ뵽Ƣ㣬»Ҫˣȥúú˵˵˼ɡ
ϵ˵վҲѸ£Ϊ޾ټľС㣬á
ƺǺˣøƨ
ȥˣ˼ӡ
ŮҲκͣ˭ǻϡ
˹̧֣ͷʱϵѾ뿪ˣټĵֻһˣ˳ĵ
(δ)

ʮ ŭ


үʱˣˡ
ܼվѣѾʱˣڣүһֱڴվţոպһ壬ôȥҪ
Ҫǣŵʱ䣬š
ԡ
ǲԵĻҩү绹ҪҩܼҼѣҲܲףүĴ֪ôˣڣͲ跹˼ˡ
ȥɡ
嵭ȻĹܼҪ˵ЩʲôҶԣ˳ȥ
ĺô帺ֶ˼⣬ǸŮʱûˡ
ƴӻʹһ۾Ϳ˵ڹİͽӵ֪ᡣ
ƶԽ£˵£̶˻ʹ⣬ʥ˹ȴ֪ҪڹȺ򣬲ڡ
ļ٣ڹſⲽ͵Ů³ȥ
Ů˿
ǰ֮Խĵʹг˵ޣŮǡ
Ů棬̰Ѱƴ˻ȥ·ϳƵ
ϣ֪飬һ˵һдҪȥһϣ
ŮĸԸġǿסԼ嶯ĵ
侲ôζӳ¡
Ϊ˻Ͼһû뵽ϻôԵǰס
㲻Ҫ˵СĸǽжȻˣŮҲԸ⣬ҪƶŮãǺˣʡȥܶ鷳
ߣԸ⡣
ԽԽȭͷҪʥú˵£ʻϰʲôġ
»ҲɼڻΪӭȢҶСƣȥˣûȤ˳Żϵ˼ƶţŮǾãҪһ¡
һ·û˵Ʋֵ
˽³Ҳû
ֱڣƻڽȰⰲ»ϼȻѾˣҪǲգҲֻȰ˵
һȰ˵Ҳ˹ΰϣҲʱŻȥˡ
ҹ廹ڵȡ
ܼ˼·ϣүϢˣ
巴ʣأ
档ϹܼæŴӦٷˣôȥҩУʲôʱܺá

ǡܼҲҶԣæųȥͣʱʹš
ү
ɫ԰ףתȥ£һõĺܿ죬ǰƵҩˣɫʮѿǳ
Ů˵ڻûԲ˯š
ô£ȥô䵭
Ͳ֣Ϊ˰ƣ
үȥû͸ոմ֪ôࡣ
ȥ飡
ǡ
ͳȥ飬鵽Ѿǰʱˡ
˽ڽ档ͻ档
һߣûأ
˵극ԣҩҲûȣȥˡ
һȥ죬ϵʥּҲ󵽴
Ƶڶһպýּ
ƶ¸¼޽Ϊ
ּƲȥ塣
һ棬ͷľһٴͷ豭ȫ˹ƾѵԼڵϵͳȫ㿪ˣĹܼңһ֣֮ۼҶһ¡
㼸ӣ˽Ծ飿忴һʱ򣬷һ¡
ɫĺãһͷ˿ȫһߵһӣ׺ȫޣ֪ΪʲôԽһַǡ
Ҳղ̥Ǳһӡ
һȥɡ
ܼŶҪˣæ˳ȥţรɡ
Źϣֻʣˣ˫ϸŹ壬Ǿãָ̫죬ʱ䣬ȻָĲˡ
ֻƢһҲû䣬ã⹬ǰǸø
ʲô屻ȫڣմһڵѣžϽڣݱĺ󣬴˿̿ӢʤûЩһııŭ
ƵǺȻףԭΪʲôô۵ϲˡ
˱˵ǷڣǷڶʮһͣҲǸֿȵˡ
ûʲôүõĲˡֱȥ΢΢һûȷӦѾס֣΢΢ϸ
ϵͳȻѹɨһȦ͸Xһȫ˸ͨ͸ʽļ顣
ɿְ˵үмȬˣӭȢҲ¡
ƣСˡ
˦°£俴ȥĿ㼸ӣ飬ǲҪˡ
ҪҪ֪֪ĸ˼ҵ飬Ӧ˻ʹ촦ˣαغҴƢб½ȥһ̫˱ǡ
ߡ㵱ôƣ㣡ҧ
Ȼߵһ¡
ҵ˶ȥˣͷŶӡ
㡭
վƻûѾǰһ̧סˣӲǱ
Ҷ죿ͳȫ㣡
ƶٸת˫Ĵ򣬾Ծȡ
(δ)

ʮ һ

ת˲ƵǰѣηڣйַſٲȻһͣ˾ûӦˡ
ֺһ³ŵ浹ȥ
һ죬ᱧ𣬴󲽿ǰ˷齣˵װûôƭ
ӦǱĿ
Ŀڿһ¡
̲סȥ̽ûˣ
ȥ̽ûˣ
ͣ
һſͼæӦү
ҽ
ҲôˣʹǶˣһ̲ͣЪĶҪʱţȻܳ¡
żæŹȥү

ߵһߣʱ侲˼֣ݸ
һʱߣû뵽ֻ֡ǣŮΪÿζŭ
үˡ
ҽ棬ƲϵָۣҲ֪үϲ»鵱վҪ˵ĺãô죬үÿ쿴˳ۣ޿̣̲ס¶˰ɡ
ڰƵ򲢲⣬ҲٻˣǻʼҵѪҲɱˣ
үҪˣҲˣүСĻ
š
忴ȥĿ棺ôǷĻûꡣ
ϹܼҺ͸ҽŵһ£Ƕĳޣ˻ϰݣͦʬôš
˵깬֣ȥɡ
ܼҵ˿˿壬ҲԵʣֻ¡
Źϣߵһ£Űơ
Ůˣû͸Ҷˡ
ƣøȻĲ㣡ȭͷգûɵģһ꣬ŮˣҲ
Ƭ̣վ˼ǰϸŰƣԽԽǽ겻ҧ֪װģɣ
յȲƵĻӦĿһŰһ֪ôĿĳطһʹ
õģ
һĿڣЩ԰׵ĺЦ
죬ƻ飬۹ΪΪˣ˿ˣ
建ϣڰߵĵط˸λãܿģ£Ҳǿ
Ŵ˯һİƣ帧һؿڣۻУǰɢ
Цżֵĳ㺦˱ѲɱΪۣ
建ɿ֣۴ڣ·𿴵תʱһЦԹ۵׵һᡣ
쿪ʼľû۹
ôˣ
ϸŵˣʧͺܳȴҺǲˣ컹ôӲô֪ô
պã·޾ΪŻŻ˭һˡ
ûãƽûôˣ
𱻽ǸƸϣ˵ĺã˱Ͳ١
ֵû˵ĳŰŵҧҧôۣ
˵ɿ߬ڰţһʱ
ʱȥԶһ£۾һ˿֣ȥֿ
û£ǵѾˣѵǸ֮
ɻţ͸оһվǰס˰Ƶߣ̧ͷȥͼǰȻ
Ȼƭ
Ҳ˵ֱָֻǼѪҩܺóǰֵʱ˼ȥĪ粻˵ĺá
Ҫ֪֮ģƵطּˣʵʵ͵ˣҪ
үû¾ͺãҸûȥˡ
´ȥתҪܵŮˣ
ͣ£תŹһӢǷģʱȴİȥү˵
ôˣɫԽڴơ
ҡ
Ʋִ̬ȣˡ
ûߣߵô
弸ƽ
֪ǲȥĵЩҩĹϵƵһɵҩݵ㣬Ȼҩȴ泩Ϣƽ
岻üʲôҩôˣ
޻˵ôҲȹĺˣһҪԸľ
ԭһԸҲһ˿ι˹ˡ
ⶫҪǲһжǹƨ
ڶʮһһ˵Ļǣ
үʲôԸ÷ϻˡ
㣬ոյǲƭ
Ƶͷ¡
ˣ鸴ӣ˵ķŭҲԭֻܶŰƿ
˵Ȼүûʲô飬ȳȥˣү
˵갲׼Ҫߣٴκס˵û߲ˡ
ץһλүôĥߴһѲһҩ㣡
תʣүк£
£Ҫ
£ơ
ֻ߻ȥѹ±ؾ˵һЩ
ջ鲻ᡣ
á
ƺʹӦˣ忴һȢ⣿
檺ѰΪΪүǲôүϲңүҲãϼȻģҲʹӦˡ
ߣ˺ģ
ƾʮϣȷʵһΪү룡

ԼҪʼðͷˣϽǳ
Ҳ˳ȥߵͷҲء

ƻ·Ź֣֮ͬǰȥͨʣ̫ˡ
ѵƣ
Ȼ˹ſڹ˵Ƴſڵ˿ϷС
ƽס룬ܰѱ˵ĶΪеô̹ʲô
պ߶Զ߶Զ
ƸڹȥĵȺſڵС̫༱æӭ飬顣
żз纮洵÷磬ȥƫȺ򣬵Ȼ糯֪ͨ
ūżˣߡ
С̫æӦʣƾ֣ôоϴһˡ
ƫţȥţһеķҲȥһ澹һҽ飬صĶ֪ģܸȤſһʱûЪš
ڶ棬ż̧һ۰ưЩİʮһյĳªģ֪ΪΣԽԽͬ
糯ˣȥ
ŷ飬ſȥƹⲻǲŹȥҲûߵʮ١
ŹϵͷȥѾˣһ
˵ϣҪϥǣ治ȥοÿμ϶ҪһǲȥΪ
(δ)

ʮ ̫

˰ʱƿžͿƵ档
ţ˹ȥˣ
ûأ˱밲ֱ㣿Ůô˳ۡ
үüƽϣʲôҲ޷һƺ
߰ɣȥ
֣ͻȥˣ
үȷ
߰ɡ
ת뿪ƴţܾĲ̤ʵ˲ɺ£ôôɣ
뿪ʹӭ濴ة࣬ةɫҲû˵ͷˡ
ƵǼة֮࣬ǰԷʱ򣬿ةƶ֣ǸŮȻֿߣةУƶŹһ֣ǸŮһ𣬰Ȼϵá
쿴ôкƻ㻹ǵةϾҲڣһΣҲͬһ
û뵽ةôˣ˭Ƿˡ
֣ةôˣҵˣ
ķɣô󡣡Լ̣һĨȡ
ų󡣡Ʋ򣬱ƽϣ̲סҪ
Ҫǻ͵ȥ
㡭
Ʊ˵ʲô뿪ʹѾ߰ǡ
棬ûϳ
ܡ
£ȥ棬ƲϳѾˣվڹſھþ治ˣ
ĴƱ뿪˴ӹг˰Ƶ⡣
ʱϸո³ǽҲڳϣʱˡ

̧ͷŮҲ֣ƣҲˣ
·ȥҰŮ·ϰƲ֪ڻǰƶ£˵ֿ֣ڼƣֳֻƵ¡
һ񣬲֪Ҫʲô
ǻ˶Ȼŵǰ˵˵ĻҪֲ֪ηˣʮգ͸һǸ˶Ҳûдк͸ʶһ棬ֲܸŮ
ƵǺףʵ㰲˵Ҳǿ뵽ģһûѽôա
ҽտԻȥס
ţȻˣȥҲᱻ粻ȥĺá
һˣã
Ůȥǻ˽ȴǻװȥˡ

̧ͷһ۾ҵĴţ̫ѹ뵽Щ£һ
ſӭţ³ǰ
ҴǾĸƹܾҴС񣬾ظӵ֪ͨһſڵȺȻĸŮǼ޽ҵˣ⻹Ҫ֪ġ
ˣ
롣
ߵ˵ߣ˲Žš
Źϣϱ任֣ž˽ȥ·һ·꺮ůů棬˺ȹڸ˿ͷ
Ůĸ밲
ţɡ
ãʾҲȥ£ʣĸףдԿʵ
Ұܲ͸磬ݲô̽ڻҲû취֪£˵ҲǾһ亹
ȻŸ˶պҪλģʱΪ㣬ѵ˵бĿġ
ȷ£Ѿ˸óͣȻҺ㸸׶ãз磬ҲزסκҵǣҲ㸸ѡġ˵Ĺûʣȴþĺ
ҵⱳ֡
Ѿ˾ҵӣɸΪȴˡ
ĸףѵǲԸģ̽᲻֪
㸸鷿㣬ȥɡ
˰˰֣ҲԣѾˡ
˸ӣ˳ůȥ̫鷿
ǰţŮ
ɡ
̫ĮƿŽȥһ·ߣʱڿĸ׾̫
Ů״밲ÿȹ˫ϥأ˫ְסͷ
ɡ̧̫ľ
ջΪ飿̫żɽ㹻ֱӣЩˣ˿棬ҲûиŮݡ
ҲϰߣҶŮڶ࣬ȻճڸкȴûʲôֱҪõãֻܻȡƾŬõҪĶ
н죬ȫŬ
ˣʼգҶᣬҪ͹úദΪ͹һ𣬵ԸΥ浽ʱ򣬾ȴҪί
ʹ˼ʹսܰš
ϣû¶˼ѹ
Ҳĵı֡
Ǳӣװ֪
ף¿ʲô⣿üŭֻ̫תʣھ̫УˣѾǴۡ
кʵģ
̫ԭһ˫ϵɨüŭףСͺףͬʱҲǺ͸ˡ

æ¾ͷ
(δ)

ʮ ż

̫һᣬ˵ҵֲܣʲôȥʲô
ǣŮ֪ˡ
ɡ
վͷѾˣ̫޶ã˵ǲƳڣҵòκκôûлᣬ̫󱻴ŭѵиᣬȻҪεģҲصǣȻǾҵĳŮȻҪиһȵĻᡣ
Ů֪ˣлл̧
ţȥɡ
ǡ
ȴò뿪鷿
ȥȥ˾ǰ÷á
Ǿ˶ϵ飬ҴСͱĺܺãһ㣬Ҳ̲סĽ
ǰѾָ˵ģôҲû뵽ȴİš
׸ոյĻԹޣţҪǼоҵİţҲ
ʱΪβǣ
ϺͶǲһصģôȣ
ߣæЦĳߣ˸ǰȸ˸ӣá
Ҳá
ŸŽţɨһۣ˵ôľ¡
ǽԺӺãϲĲˣϧйأȥأҪ㲻ڣҿɾҪȥˡ
⣬ȴ˾
ǴһЩһ仰Ҳ͹ȥˣ£ǹȥ
ԺʲôõģȲõԺأ㵹ĽãСױôá
ҲɵӣڣһһĲŮʦ߰˸иľͨ
ȻҲЩƣȴҲ飬Ǿһķѧϰ棬衣
ϾڳھۡʳǸ£ȻҪһŮӾࡣ
Ҳ֪һôЦЦ¶˵ǽϲǡ
һ£һͬЩʣãϲԸô
ȻֻҪϲϵǣǵϲƱö˫ַϡ
أλأһʱûסͷô˳ϻ
ҲһҪʲôһ
˸ҲЦˣס֣仰ˡ
úһᣬڶڼҵţ뿪ˡ
뿪ǰЦ֮䵽ǳУһ̤;Ǿ·ϵһŰʯôһԺýá
뿪ľ̾һתȥЩϵ÷˵ԭǲ׺һڣαػҪȥƿˣԲ֮УΪβܰһ㣬Я֣ܱΪʯĺá
Ժˣժһ÷ָѹһ쵽ָϣ촽ͿĨһᣬЦ񣺡һĨӵѪζأ
·Ͽʼͷۣô඼ۣرѡ飬ˡ
صţͿԺվš
ԭҲûʲô£һСҲͺˣ֮˵ɹۣΪûϸ֮ɽ
ү
æŸ˸ӣôãæžůɣ
ãүôˣӻûãܵߡŭţ
̾Сֻῴд֣ڲǴܣԴӳ׺һϲÿܿڣʲôʮַζȤ
ү˵ЩЦŹ־ֻ̾ϢһˣĶǺ͸Ů˳ĺĺʲôϢ
£ѯʣҡͷʲô£վͻҲϲһֻǲ֪ǸðѻϿֳ÷ˡ
ʲôǻϣϾǻϣҵʱȵġžһ·ţżҪȥȣһԹʱǷֵˣͲ룬պԼݵλ
ƴӽһ·ϣҪѰһСߣо綾߶βˣҪðȥңδⰲģƾҪȥߵ飬ֻ˵ȥʮҲҩ
ŮҲҩҲ˵࣬ƳǵҲġ
˳ǰһ·ϣ·ûʲôʱ䣬ܿ쵽Ĳݵأʱ߲Ǻܺˣѩ֮£ȫڶߣ׼һ³
ѭߵһЩټϹ۲Σܿ찲ȷ˵ص㡣
һȥʼˡ
ܿһ׶棬һѾߵߡ
װŵ׼õĲ棬һ
ҵ㹻ˣ»ȥ
ɽ·ߣݵҲУ߳ݵذƾ߲ˣ캮ض¾ͻᱻ廹ܲҰ
뿴ûʲô·պÿһԶžǷߣҲû̫뷨öԷӽţȿˣһԩ·խòһؾǵȻǹġ
Ҳ⣺
ǰװȥһ۱ϳ˰ƣʱ콵Űŷ
(δ)

ʮ ͵Ϯ

ƿӣҲ⣬˫ɨӼ¶ã㵹ǲôԶˣ
˭Ը㣬в
εĿһΪٳԵ࣬˵ǵүƣŸųڴ˴·ˡ
ߣһ˦ȥˣҲȹ˵ʲôæžڰ¡
ܱӳȥĺãֻҪ·ܻȥѾˡ
ߣȫڡ
㻹ǽȥɡ
ˣá̵ȣˣ
γȥȥӳȥ粻ȥ
Ƭ̣ﴫ
ƵҪй˵ʲôҲȥһ뵽Ҫ泹ǵ䣬˽ȥ
˸̱ǿŴ缦ҹȥĿ⣬ҪǷҩ棬ǻö
ôҲǽģô˵䣬Ƶˣֵܣ˵һǻ
ûṬļƹ۲һ£ﶼ͵ƣ˵ȴҹ飬Ǽôģ׶ǮҲ޷ǸүƽʱҲûʲô롣
̩񰲣Ҳ̣ʹҲޡ
οʱѾΪʸ֮ģȻôеĿ񣬶ҹ鿴顣
ҹⶫ˵ҹܷ⣬Ҳ޷˵û뵽ﻹĿãҲջ
˿ߵĶ£ҹ
ôô̰
Ʋ˵£Ǿͱӵעˡ
̧ͷȥ˵үӴģ
ѱᣬղ˵ô࣬һҲûȥ
ϸִһװɫģһɽȻüľͣǸŮӡ
飬嵭ıȥˣôǵã
ǼȻô࣬ҲǶĲСѾҹע۷⡣
Цӣֿ
ˣ͸˰ɡƿŪ֣巴ɫ䡣
˵͸ˣŮ˻лأ
±ӳ˵һʱ˵үαص档
ȻĶҪôþôá
ǡ
ȥ
û˵Ҫӳȥͷ߰ҧˣ֪жˣͲþȡ
ﰲƿʼûþ˯ˡ
أоһ̧ȥŵ˻£պ£ûȣǾ׵档
ӽС¾Ǹӣ¿Ÿˣɾ͸
צģ
Ц̧һ߿ȥͱƱסˡ
ҪƵְĽŰؿڱסľ£Ľ붯ˣҪĴ㡣
εţջ˼ҳ
ôȫעܼоرζƾͰĽųؿڲ䣬ĸоȫ飬ǹԿãֻҪһ뵽ǵطŮ¶ǰģ˼вˡ
ջ߿֪ôûȥš
ֻ飬бţ۾˯һᡣ
ⰢȻ˵үˣ
ɫô
ˣڿٿڿ̫壬Ѿˡ湬϶꣬ӳս̽飬ֲݵҹе龭٣ݵ˿䣬ζҲ䣬
忴⣺ҪŪ̫󶯾С¡
ǣ
ĽҰصģʲôܳҪС£ϰ£Ӧˣѳͣ£Щ˵ĿʱҲѽ˳
ĶĿȴڰƵϣŮ˯˻ôĽĲ֡
ܿ촫򶷵ƺȻ˹˫Ȼüͷ壬ѵĿ΢ʲô紵ݶͻ֪
Ҳ⣬ƵķӦѸ٣ſڣ˵ˣ
ϻûĿһۣô󣬻ʡ
ҪջѾľˡ
ûջһӰֱӳ˽һѷĽһץסߵĽȴֽźľˡ
Ʋܶ룬ͽȥˣҲǷɿ죬һ̹ȥӲǵһ
ͣ
ү
һǰȥһסˣڻͷȥǳ˭㵲
ƶͷˮǿӸҰɣ
˫ֺݺסһ
Сһ
û˵һߵĽڶ˼²ãѸ뿪ˡ
ʱѾû£һԾסƴ˳ȥٳȥһץסҹ飬
ɫ֪
(δ)

ʮ ɱ̿

ӱ˲жһֻ§ססĿڹϣһֳֽһ¥
䵽ϣ忴ݵϵˣΧס򶷣ˣͬǺ˵Ĵ磬ϸոմɱˣܹʮˡ
ܿ˰ѹͰΧסˡ
պöԸôˣߣǲһɱҡһ¹壬Ϊˣȱˣ뵽˲Լ
սñӱ
ƵˣҲǴ̵Ľ߼ֱǶ衣
ҶԸʣµƲ֪˺ֿܶ࣬ò飬ֿ屣ĻӦ˲Ͼ׳£ԼͻΧлᡣ
㣿
庮һɨŮǲӻˣˣҪԸ̿ͣ
ɫ԰ףĺͷϹ䣬Ҳûһɣ˾ͻˤ
үģ˵ġ
ƿ˼˷ֿˡ
嵹Ƕ˼ֵ֣Ůʲô˲ɣվվȡ
ó룬ǿзסֱʹ񾭣µļֵۣסˣүЩˣܾȰ
忴Ǳߣȷʵ΢
ŮˣЩԥ
ոյµһ˵Ӹɡ
͵ǵµһ˵һȥ˰ǱߣɱĿǹ壬뿪Χ£ܿ
ҲԸû룬ֻ̣Ҫ̣ͿԿǡ
ȻԷʼһ룬һˣԷס۾˱һ˳û˰һȻ㿪ˣֱۡ
Ѹٺˣ˸ʲôȥԷҽһˤڵϣƿŵϵŤţ̫䣬ȥҲֻһǣҪӲ
ףץ߷һѽߵǸ۾Ϲ˵ǰһ̴ԷĺŽŹȥ
Щ߰˰˵ĶˣʣµΧŰѾˣԷһ̹ȥۿһȥԷнþȣҲ˵ϡ
һɱ˴ɱתȥѾԡ
վ𣺡ү
ˣȥ
ߵƵǰԣš
˳ߣ⿪Ƶˣֱˣֻ۵˹ȥ
洦˿ȥЩɱĴ̿ͣǺͷ̿ʲôû£⽹ĵţҪûˣġ
ܵġ
үô
ˣȥ
ǿţȥ캮ضˣЩʣǿš
屧ŻİƣûɵսֱۣɫԽ԰ףЩա
ʱҲ
Ҫǵʱ򣬰ƻˣҲѪˣЩججƣŬһ龭
תƿһֱϣ˿ѾˣǺ档
ϵͳҩ̶ܵȣƵǺ⡣
һ°ֱϵļ룬Ĺ壬ʱҲ𾪣˿ۿģʱѾָˣò˵𾪡
ư·Ūÿ棺ˣ
š
嵭ı֪ҪҲῪڸ˵ĪԼж
˵ֵǮģǲ˵ܿŲˡ
굽氲ڰߣЩϲûˣ
˶Ϊⲻȥܡ
û˵ġ
ƵȻ֪˼˹ֱһģڹôãЧң˵ƷҲǹ϶ɵġ
ô޵һˣĿ϶Ҳͦס
һЦнջ֮˵ġ
סԵɫ԰ף촽ҲĸɿݣӲʱľͷ֪岻סѰס
ˣҪƣȽȥһߡ
˺ϵ·ҲûбĿˣϴҩ
ϰߣҲб޻ԴϹ壬ϴŵҩͱƽʱ㣬ܾдı£׵Ĳж
ȻֺܵùϣҩҲû˷ѡ
ЩգȻںһֱǿ񣬵ʱʵЩʱȫûκε˼֪ôˡ
еͷΡ˵ʱ촽ڲƳº͵ЦЦ
Щˣİɣ˯һûˡ
ҡͷУһҪүϳ
ѾˣϢˡ
˵ʱѾٸ⿪·ŭȣ֪ߣ
ƹܲô࣬һᰢֱۿܾͲˡ
Щ񣬵ҲֲԼںδʣ˭
ǳ׺Ϳˣ
(δ)

ʮһ Ȼ׹

ֽڵ飬䣬ȸֱϵ˿ڣðҩֳݣҩҩֱ˿棬òһĲס̶ã·ϡ
ҪϢƻͷǳĹ壬֮ʣǻȥ
ʲôʱҪˣȻ֪Ǻģѻ𣬵ǳүǶˣˣǣҪɣɴ඼˰ɣ
ԥƬ̣ҲүԺҪˣһ
壺
ƿɶҲ˵һűֱֻܾѰϽҲܹΪʲôޡ
ȻЩִ˵ǻϣΪ˵ʲôͽ¿徹Ȼʲôû˵ҲֻӲͷƤ˭ºˡ
ޣϸһ°ӣûԹҲܣǿҲˣС
ټƨɣЩ᲻֣Ͼˣһȥ۰졣
һ£ؼҰɡ
Цһסˡ
ڿϣƴĳųȥ
һʶ;Լ֪ؼңټͨȥ⡣
һ·ȥ˳ſڣס
ҡͷͣˣſڵĿ˳һʮŽ֣ҹ˭ʲô
ˣ˭ҵ
Ȱ˵ʲô䴫Žһһ£ĵϸͷӣһŵæƿС˲֪ˣ
ƿ˶㿪ƨɣֱӻ
Ĵſڣıҡһ£Ĳôֻ࣬һƨɣû뵽Ҳϼţֱ߹ȥˣּæסһ
﹬̧ͷȥڴгȥʱҲֻһƲסһ㣬滹ǿõġ
ƼææӣһŰ߳ȥ
ֽű䣬̧ͷӿô
ûɵĳƬ̣ŵһ۰ƣûأ
ҿ
Ѿˣһˣ
Ҳۣۡ
Ʒ˿壬ûʲô²Ű˷£ʹ˵ţûйĻ˭Ҳҿ
ͣ㡭뵽Щʲôæȥ壺ҪȥΡ
ͣŪȥ
ûȥܹİ̧ȥŸһ
˵أ˻ţУԶˣǸүȥģȻ뵽ΪүŻ˲ҵ̧˳źԺƽβ˵ĵطﻹмλĸҽ
ƸŰ˹ȥ˻˭ģرһˡ
ĽŲͣ£ǰһСӰ˹ȥŽ˺Ժ
ҲţΨܼĲǲϸովһѪȷ磬ܼұȻҪڹߣ¹Ҳˣˡ
үûˣܼѯʡ
վԺ￴ȥķ˼ţʱ򣬰ƽŵ̬ȣ׹ˡ
㡣岻ʡ
ܼҲҵæү˵
ǲǼò£
ǡܼæŻش𣬵Ҳиоݵģȷʵˣò˲
ôصҲûֻǲ֪үȻôΪʲô
ɫһתס
ղ׼Ժ
˵ȥ٣̧ܼͷһ֣ˣ֮ǰǺúõģѵΪֵ£
ܼҲź壬ȥ
˵ĺأջڳƲģŸҽһչˡ
ܼҿ벻ȥϢҲûѣȻҪȥԺ
һҹδߣƸ˼ΣҽˣȥϢֻаǿſŰ
ֱգƲŻλƵĻסſڹܼҾſվţһº͵ĵס˰ơ
ү˯ôţԺȥϢ
Ҳɵӣ˵ĺѣ岻ġ
ȥǱߡת˼ͣ£ʲôתϹܼңܼңҵҵҩҸԵ̲ҩܺõĿ㡣
ǡ
ϹܼæȥԺƿɣͲǹ³
ˣһƽϣȥϢ
ҩϹܼæ˵ûˡ
󡣡
ƻصҩͷˣƲȥϢһ˯Ȼ˯һ졣
(δ)

ʮ ҿý

ܼңôѣѾûʲôˣ˯һҩҲգͿſϢ䣬ҩûů¯еļҲΧڷŵģŰƾô˯ˣЩ
Ȼǵʲôȴľˡ
һҲ֣ȥİô˯ֵط˵չ˵İ
ԭţ԰ƣ˰֪Ʒй֮ˡ
Ϊүһ˰
˰ɣⶼ˯һˡ
ܼѾƤøƣ˯˾ûѹҲôš
żӴߵ߿
ʵѾˣǿʼ̸ʱˣҲ˼ôѹϾ˼˵ʱȻˣƺҲ̫á
Ҳͼװˣ۾ǰˡ
һϲˣ
ûˣס󣬸һ£Ѫҩ裬Ȼõĺܿ죬ǿ˵ûʲôˡ
ĸûʲôˡ
æ˵Ƶͷȥ£ҿ˿ڣòûҩ
ոոĸҽѾˣָĺܿ죬˵Ľҩֱҩ
һΪ飬ˡ
Ҳ֪ôˣûжԣȻõĲˣҽҲæˣҲûʲôˣϵĲӣ߶ڡ
ܼңҪؽһȥѾȥſڣ˵ʲôܼӦѾ˳ȥ
ȥ
ͣͲŴȥѾ
ĿŰ뿪ͺ͹ܼ໥һۣ˻ûдǽ찲ı仯ǻЩŵģϣƭ˵Ļ
ͻ˸ѯʹܼңүˣ
һֱûϢܼҲȻҪֲվ濴ʲô
£ȥԺ
ү
ʹʣ£
ϲһ£үȥ죬ʥּ£үڸڣְүּ⡣
²ұµˣϿǶԱ۰мӡ
˿Ժ棬Ͳ¸ȥ
Ҳգеúܣȥޣ˿˳ۡ
ͲҶԣҪһϱһ
أŪĴָϵʯָ
Ͳ죺үָǣ
˶һף
ŵϰλոճˡ
үѾؽˡ
ȥˣסĿϬ
˭ûȥģ
ûˣԼȥġ
ԽԽûˣȥӻ
һ⣬űȭְȥ졣
˳Ժȥ˽
ʱںͰ˵;͵ˡ
С㣬ˡܼҽ֣ҲŻôˣҵģ
˵ҪСȥ˵˼
ܼҿ۰Ž᲻᲻ˣС˵ҿĽҲǺ¡
ҪǿпޣǲǸõǵġ
ƣ˶ô鷳ȥͻ˵ҪڼŵһͲˣŮŻǱûüϴϴôҪȥ
Ƶǲ⣬ʵڹ̤ʵ°£Ϸա
ˣŮҲģЩҩصġ
û۸ɣһ̲סģæʰơ
ҡͷŮᱻ۸ġ
ţҪ۸㣬ߵȥظʮָжЦŵͷ
ǰ˵ǵǸ˶ûУȻҲȱǸôȵˡ
ƺͰ˵˼仰ȥʰʰҪĶ뿪
˳Ͱҩģţȥǰҩȥˡ
ŵסĵطŰƽȥѾûʲôˣԼסЩ£ȥĺԺҩǱߣû˲֪ǻȥˡ
ԭȥȻûҲòúƵĲģİҪæǰܺ󣬰˿ڸˣӼѻƤһΪҪá
Ҫǲȥðˡ
˰ס˹ȥ
û棬ţţԺû˰ƾſڵȣûһᣬſڳ֣ҲڷϻĻƤ͹ȥֱ˿ڵĵطˡ
ˣһ𾪣ôͻˡ
˵չ˺Լһ£Ȼȥˡ
ŹͻԼҩʱ͵ˣҪǰ׼øϵ۵ҩУ˵תˡ
һĻƤӣ߬ô죿
(δ)

ʮ ֵĳ

ƻصԺԺ￴һȦûŻȥոƿţͿŸˡ
壬һĳ˳ʲôʲô
ү
ţƹݵ˽ȥʵףҲûá
ֻʱǺۣƵطÿ춼ƵģʱҪ׼δ֪һУˣĺۣ
˱ضûУһңѧЩģûɵĿͲ˳ۡ
£ү
˸ӣҲ֪ѧܱȹµĺá
Ȼѧʲô
檼ү
Ŭһģ
޲ȥӳȥŭһҵӡ
Ǹ£Ҳƹ
ţ΢΢£ŰƽӲϥǹǣĪ£Ҳʡõ㡣
Ƿˣôôʶô˻С
վãȥһ£û˵ôҲӣң˶СĲТ
ʲô΢΢һ㻹ͱӣ
ϻҼ޸㣬ѵһػѣ˵ҪǸ֪Ϊǡ
°û˵뵽ϵ£˵Ϊ
ȻûģȰ㻹ģӡ
ߵĺҲûء
ֻǽŲе졭
ˣĿĴﵽˣŹϣԸмѾͷҪϴ裬׼ϴˮ
⴫ӦʵһΣôҲǸط˵ѾͷûС
Ѿͷתſڣôˡ
ܼҲ˼ֽѾͷһӸƣ˰ľͰˮ׼ú󣬰Ʋϰ˿ϴ裬˰֣Լȥɣһǡ
£Ʋ·ľͰţȻûʲô£ҲҲһݿһЩҲڻָ
ǰƶȻû뵽Ž
ſ֨ѽһƲܷӳתȥһתȻס
رûʱǿƲסվ
ſڹ΢΢һѾϣŰɫŮµһǰվţӱ𿪣𴦣㡭Ȼû´Ǽˣ
Կƣ˲굽ˮֱġ
ոôˣģԶǽӲվţûа취塣
ûɵĿһţôˣһֱΪЯϵͳҩģѵԭ껹ûߣ

Ŀڳģҡҡͷģôᷢ£
Ȼ˵ԼףδĻܴԽŴʲôǲܲԵġ
ⲻãƿľͷȥ£ˣҪϽ
һ£ع壬࿴ĵΪԭӲֵˣϣҲԸ࿴һۣԭҲǲֵ
Ϊ˳ȥƿϴϴľͰȥһߣŹûæŶ㵽ȥӣ·ϡ
ֱȥ󣬹ſǱߡ
ƻ·ȥҩǱߣ˵ҩҩӣ׼š
ʱվһͬš
֣үҲȥ
ȥ岻ʣƾö࣬ô࣬Ͳȥʡ
˳ˣϳĻ˸ˣϳʱͷ˿Щ֣ԭЩ飬һ˿ֵġ
ӵֻһյ͵ðȫ
ԭһ࣬һֻ࣬ҪȥҲͲȥˡ
ƫƫĹƲôûȤĿ͵ƣȻҹ飬Լ׵ҹ鱻˹ȥ
濴ȥĹ壬˿Ҳ⵽˰ƵС仯
ַſ̯ڰƵǰɡ
һ֣֪ʲô
ҹ顣
ɨһ۰ƣǿ񣺡үô࣬ҲںһţοүǴӦˣˡ
ڷˣɣһİȥһ٣Ϊ˱Լסˡ
û
û
ʵܵģ˽֪ʲôڵ
忴һۣ⣬۾Ϣ
һ߾ûйôаˣһ·飬ӻʺ󵽻ϣٵ̫󣬻̫û벻ġ
ܾҪùˣ
˹ſڰƸǰţںţһŲȿղˤˡ
ǿסһ
̧ͷת漴һ䣺ûã
Ʋ˲֣ĵĺˣ
ôôôĺ
ߣ庰Ƶͷ͹ȥ
˵Źһ·ȥ
(δ)

ʮ 岻

ĵ⣬̧ͷͿˣҲһ⡣
ɫһںҹиۣرƮŰѩʱ򣬰һ·νû£ûѩˡ
ͣƵĿڱ͹ϣ˶һ£Ȼºڷߣƻܿϵ·ɫǾͷϴŵδ
һԵĶҲһ£ͷϽڡ
ƿ̤ʵˣҹĽ֪ͷǰǲȻҲȣùߵģڹﶼû֪
ȻоǶԵģûʲô¡
忴;ͣˣվһĿһֱž
£ʱˣʲôãб
ת˿ڰƵһƻЩ򲻹ʱȷʵеˡ
ϵ˵ͷǲ
ʹԵ޹ʵľɱ
ˣһºͣȿں͹˵
硣
ҲʶȤˣοͶ˽һֱҲ㲻
ϴҹ빬Ҳ֪Ϊ£ΪֻҺͳû뵽Ҳˡ

ȷʵҲƵ֣ѵǴģʱΪʲô˵ǴΪôĸŽԭǼٵġ
ߵһͣ£ȻҪ߹ȥֻ캮ضʱҲû׼Ѱƶòᣬ֮ǰֱðʱˣԾЩ֣ҲЩԣҲԭ
̫࿴æ˹ϻЩºͻʺڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
л
л
λү˵˻˱š
ʱʱ££ϵ磬һ䲻䣬Ǹ棬û˹ûʡ
Ŀǰʱֻž֣ƵֲʱŪ䣡
ͷŹӢݣ絶֪ջڲôʱҲôвʡ
ƺεºܣܼ޸磡
дŰԹ̧պÿ˫еΣϢ΢΢ת˹ȥ
ƿžۣǸˣиԵļңüȥģҲǴ
վվŰƻһ£ӲԵ
Ƹоԣһץסӣվȡ
תȥɫһ־Ҫ򣬰ʶһ֣ǿվסȫǺ
ҲԾʣôˣ
ҡͷоǲãҲ壬ѵһҺ˫ֱĶǰ档
˴ʱѼɤӺһ
Ⱥȥ̨ߣһûȽһ̨ˤһӣϸѩϻȥҲû˹ܡ
С̫ŵðϵĸ漱ææĽ
վ棬һһѰƵ°ͣƣ㵽ҪƱʲôʱ򣿡
ƻۣʹǰȷʵԺˣһˤˣҲˡ
վ΢΢һ£ֻǿһĹ壺ûˡ
ܳѵõɳơ
ʣôˣ
Ҳ˲ԣŮ˽Щԡ
ҡͷû£߰ɡ
ΰߵĳȣŲȥƮ
һ棬ƸŽȥ
ĵŰݼϵۺͻʺ
ݼϣʺ
Ůݼϣʺ
ϵۿߵĻʺ֣ҡҷӳŻʺ΢΢ȻεĺãȴҲĳ޹
ʱΪ겻ϾҪ̷ϣΣⶼһ壬ɾҰˣʲô˵ֻĵš
ʺ󵽵ǻʺľôô
̫Цˡ
ҪʵǱ˼ֻǰ˱æǼЦˡ
ңҵԭΪʺЧȮ֮͡˵ΪԼѣһϵ⣬ǿ־
ߵĹȴˣȷʵԾ
Ƴ˿ϵۣ˵仰ͷˣʵҲûʲô£Ӻ󹬣̷ҲЩˣλϺˣȻǺһģҲǸ˵ġ
Դûʲô¶ôεķˣЩˣǶһ˶һλͰﱾ룬Ҫ׼ЩʲôϺ
빬鵹ǲñģһ;͸£Ҳġ
ҵĺܣͲ˼ͷĺҲð˳ŬҪʺ˼Ҳ壡
(δ)

ʮ Ӻ֮

λүŻϣλ˵ЩŮҵ飬ϣиˡ
Ƴ˵ţϵ۸˸ӡ
ϵĿһᣬ˵ڷǹʺϣֻȥˣ캮ضʺҪãޡ
Ҫ˵檺ʱûȥˣ⵱Ż˵£ҲЦƳϺ˺죬ϵۿȥҲöˣ˵ǶмҵˣȻ޵˼
Ҫ˵иˡ
Ƴ˵ſͰƣ߰ɡ
ǡ
ǡ
и˹ȥҧҧ촽ҪѪˣ˹ȥ
̧ŰƼѵĸŹȥգȻ岻͸˵
˶ˣʲôʱ򣬲ῴҪ޵ĵ
ϵ˵Ű˰֣칫æһǰһ裬ҲǶˡ
ʱЩӷײ˻ɩ˵
ѵ㻹ģ޵ǱͿˣ֮ǰôˣϵҲûţ˴֣ǡ
ûݱ䣬˰ס
ûŹᣬ̲ס˵ҶС㣬ھǿǳĲŮҲģǴС÷ãСš
üƶһֱãôã
㲻ã㣿
˵˵ȥǲϲƣҲ
ȥ˵Ҳ⡣
ϵ˵ϴΰ飬Ҳùȥˣأ
ѳܸô
ǳף˶ˣϵһĨͷŲ˵ˡ
˶ţĲɣ顣
ƳȥͰ£˸룬Ƥ棬߾ͻۣ˾о
˸˸ӣŸ¡
Ƴ׼˵ĺͲˮƷ
ǽģҲûж٣ƽʱǽ̫̫ģջһЩҪ֪ĵˣǱҲԲ꣬ˣһһ飬˷ˡ
Ƴȸ˾һ飬ָ˰һ飬ԼҲһ顣
ȳòóԣζΡ˵Ƴȳһڣлʺÿס棬ҧһڣϸƷš
ѧĳһЩһ㡣
Ҳģ˵ڸɽѩϣһֶҲĲÿֻһ㣬Ҳ࣬һģҲ
лʺ
ֳһСڣƽ
˲裬ƳʣŮӻǴ£ʱʹ˵ģλ˱Ҫޣе㲻֪룬Ϊ£ǰﱾ룬ܱȱһĺá
ʺʹͣĶˣϲֿڣʱͬգǰ˵ڶ˵˵ҲҪ
ƳֻΪʹ͵飬ЩΣ˵񲿻䲼ᣬϻʺĿٵӣȥͳˡ
ҹ빬ȴֻΪ£Խˡ
Ƶ룺Ҳ֪£檳׵ڣѧϰУҪ׼ʲô檸һϲͨ
⵹ǣ¸أǶ»ء
Ƴ˵ţվˣȻذɣҲЩˡ
ǡ
ǡ
ͰƸ˸ӣһȥƳǿ뿪ıӰ¶˵ݣǱҵġ
ƳһᣬϵıˣתӺ뿪ȥķǹ
ƺ;ȥ棬ϵ۸˸ӣ˵ʲôϵѾ˰ɣҲˡ
תϵȥƲԵ
ǿס߬ȭͷĲԼ¡
żȸˣƲŸŹ
̨һߣŷֲ
е鰡Ҳһѣ
ƾͲ˳ۣ˵Ҳġ
һ¹үں˵
Һ˵װģô·߲ˣԽ˵Խ
ԭ廹ǰʱߵȴ˭죬ˡ
үȥҲ¿Щ
һ٣ҺθɣҪܱǡ
žҪߣȴܾˣүҲϱ
ߣûƷвĵϱ
үȥ
ƣ˵Сģ䣬ЩȲ㡣
֪ߴӵĿһ۹ʮ㣬תȥҹ塣
Զתİƣһѵ˳
˴ûˣô˰ƣ
(δ)

ʮ İ

֪͹ˣҲΪǶˣŴʮֵľһ߽޵ŲŲһ̧ͷ
ŵŬſģΧиС̧̫࣬ͷȥʱС̫Ѿʲôûһתˡ
뵽˭ûء
֮ôҲΪˣ¿޿֡
ô밲ҲڸϻȻ岻ʣݺݵһԼǿбԼͣ¿žôżͲ³ʲô£ҵ汳
ˣ˺ɣ
ЦΪֻˣҲŻģ£˭벻ҡ
ƽסȭͷûȻһ
Ҳδأԣ֣ܲܵ˭һûһݣ㵱Ϊ⹬棬Ǿҵˡ
ϸ۲죬ϣΧиˣǹʱתһ٣¿ǲ̫ˡ
Ҳκϣȫǳ롣
˼ǿҪΣ˵׼ѵߴðѪϡ
˼۵һĨǣΧ˿ǺܿЦˡ
ͷ㻹֪ǣҵĵ죬Ŀ졣
ǰһȥŰƵһǿ㿪
Ҫҵ
ƺ̨ϣûôʹϾ
ߣҿᣬ㻹ôˣ첻ҪƵҪ˰ƵҲᱻҪǾʹͬˣ˭Ϊһ֪ܵŮȥôŪ顣
ǰһץסƵֱۣǿҪ˰ƵѲۿӾҪ£ҴҵĽŲԶˣæջصӣŰ
Ҳ̫Сˣôˤء
ƺǺˣƤ̧žǻҪллűˡ
һѰ˳ȥǹ泯̨ףôԿһס˸ףһҽУƤ̨ϣ۵񱼡
ôˣǿʯͷİĻԺôˣҪǰңǿĻľҰҿƹСеĺţۣ޵ˮʱҲһ飬ǺҹҲܿϵѿպǵ;һм䣬żȻֳª
ϣô˰
ʱѾ˽ǰŸλȥһһҲûЦǸʲô⣬ô
סˣûЦ
ҲãոûվȣˤǶңһˤȴѶˤˡû°ɣ
ȥžž󣬾ȻŰƣӵԲ㡭
ҧҧ촽ţִˣ˵ǻϣǾҲĲ
л
۵Ҫæŵסҿ
ôʵ¡
ϣˣһϺͿˣô¸ˣⲻ̫Ӳ˯žأҪǰЩᰡ̫˵ˣϴαѵ飬ȥѵء
ϸ˵ţָָָЦʵ̲סˣģôˣ
ǹ룬ټ
˸ӣͿˣתȴһȳһգ۾СĿȥȥƣλҲãǺأ
Ӽ߰ɣ
һ˦ָ˰ƣȻףǿˡ
ŲְںֱϣӲˤһסСѣСŵ㣬·
лл
߰ɣ
Ҳżˣߵŵ¥һһ߿ƣǸˡ
ҪҪӼӣȥ֪ͨһ
ҡͷˣõģο̫ء
һ̫أͷǸ׵
һ·ȥѩ죬ƶ֪ôĳ˳氲Ѿվˣ΢΢ζƤҲʼܣۿҪ˯ˡ
ϰ£ôˣ
ȫðվȡ
Ҳų
ιСڣɱӼңҪǳʲôӣӼպô
̫Ǻ˵ǿ޷ҪǰƳ£Ƥӵ£պҪҪˣ֮ɽĹͷι
찡ɵվŸʲôȥ̫󰡣ǵǿ찡
ֱţֺ
С̫Ҵææ˽ȥվҲվȣ˻Σ˳ŵˤ˹ȥ
һæǰţǷסˣûվſ˵ϣƻ˻ΣۿȥˣһӰһѽסƻ̧Цô㣿
(δ)

ʮ Ķ

æӵææȥƣһǰˣæŸ˸񣺡ˣӼҸ밲ˡ
𣡡ƣųȥ
æ˰֣ʾš
˳л㡣
Сȥ紫ԹȻ飬ڹˣ˻ôˣǿ
ĸʲôƵģɲģ㣬ǲ㺦ģ
ʲôʱˣ˶ˣأ̫ͼģŷһ޵һĨ䵭̧ͷȥɫԺת
ĸ밲
΢΢̫󲻾⿴һۣˣ˷°ɣ㲻ϡϡ
˵̫ߵɫ԰ףˮİƣҡҡͷǿĺӣЩҽ˱ûˣ
ūȥ
æޣ˷£̫ŷ֣ƵĴʲôˡ
Сƿӣ涼Ѫ̫ߵĹ塣
Ҳһ⣬Щ𾪣ôѪ
ȥɡ̫̫ǣ¼߹Ůһƿ˰ƵĿӣĴȣһ棬˺ܶѪ
ϣ⺢Ӱ
ſ°ڣְ̫ѰƵҲۣһЩѪ
ɿ֣һԵĹŮ׼õˮ˵̫ǰ̫ϴϴ֣˰Ѳֵ˲֣̫壺ĸ˵ĸϲ̧ܷ֣Źأ
ɫѿδҪֻǿ˳ۣոա
뵽˵Ϊ
ʲôʱˣҪȥҾ鷳
ֻû뵽Ƴӡ
˵ˣĸǹˣȻ⺢Ϊϲ۾ĸҲ֪ûк֮ģЩˣ㿴ɣ
̫ȥһߣҽţڵظ̫ͷ
ˣȥˣ
̫󻹲˵ЩʲôѾ˰֣Ҫȥơ
ҽǲҵźæȥҩƿ
̫󣬲鲻֢״жˡҽ档
˵һû£ôжǾãжҲô
нⶾ
ɱְ۲죬ȷʵˡ
ҽҲΣѵҪж˵
ĸ󣬶ȥʱ磬ĸϢˡŰƾ뿪żˣæ̫ҪôȥǲˣҲ̫ˡ
˵Ǿ˰
Ȼȥж飬ҲòҲãҽĻģţָãҲûʲôȥɡ
̫˷ӣ岻ΥۻİƷ˻ȥ
ǰȻҲԡ
ˣ幰˵ǡ
˵תˡ
ȥԶ˲Ÿ߻̫˵ūȥʱ򣬸պþͿˣһūĵء
̫һ˫ȥ㣿
ɲǣæ˵
̫ǱߣúÿţȥЪˡ
ū
̫ޣæŲţ̫š
̫ͻңţҽǰжļȸƳ˽ⶾ裬ǲǹãǿɾͲ֪ˡ
ǰһֱðƲó裬ʱҪˣǶᣬҲ硣
ѾˣΣֻܿ컯ˡҽҲΡ
˵ˣӼҿţλЪţӼһҸλ˵ġ
롣
ҽȥϢڰǰȥôã
ʹȥ忿鿴һۣôȥ˳ȥ˵̨ƵһЩɫĶüЩһƵӣմȾһ㣬ڲͣ䶯
üͷ˼֣
˳ȥ̨Ҳ˳ӷ˳ȥ
žһ䵽ϣǰյŵ͵ƣϳĿŵ͵ƣ˽ıӡ
һ·޻ſڣȥ
ϳ˽ȥܼҳӭû֣үأ
ͣ£תˡ
˫ϥأү췣ˣ
ϹܼһãȻʲôĿһ
а˪
Ϲܼ֪ãȥ͹
ӺԺһϹŵİݣû˵ȥˡ
(δ)

ʮ Ϊ̫󿴲

ʱѾǵڶ죬ţæǰū밲ˣǰūĻˣ
ſһǰĻ棬ȷڳ﹬̫޹źͺ˵
ллһҹϡ
æ˵ǿˣ̫㣬Ҫ̫ūŵġ
ףԺֻ̫ˡ
̫ĿģȻõļֵƾһ㣬ǰȫġ
빫ȥ̫󡣡Ҫæ
ţ̫ѾˣҪūտȥݼ
˵Ű˰֣£С˵̫Ϣҹˣҽ޲ߣūҲģ
ʣҽҲû취
ûУҪ̫Ҳҹˡ
뿪ͷ̾Ϣ̫ϢūŵҲϢ
룺̫֮ǰ֢״
ҡͷ̫֮ǰ˯ûǺõģֻǰǰſʼϢãҽҲҲԭ򣬳ҩҲ޺ת
̫˵ΣξҲܹŹ֡
Ӽҵ̫Ƿȥǻ̫أ
һ᣺̫󿴿֪ɷ񣿡
һ£˵ʵҲһЩĴ򣬵˵̫Ĺ¡
˲ٵķӣȴʼղת̫ûй
Ƭʣˣ
Ƶͷˣͷ̫ԸΪ̫
Ժūȥ档
תȥ棬ʱ
ū㡣
˵꺣ߵƵǰŰ´ţ˽̫ҡ
ƽŹҪ¹򣬶洫̫ˣӲã˰ɣɡ
лĸ󣡡
ߵ̫ǰ˰ľӣҩ˵ĸ롣
̫ŵҩϣᰴ̫󣬻ûȼ飬Ѿϵͳʼɨ̫塣
Ʋķ֣̫Ȼֻ˥ҪԭǱΪ̫ˡ
ɿЩɣ̫ÿķȥ
˫ֱȭʵĸûʲô
ŶĸȤߵĹŮǰСźš
̫ϵӣֵûѲжˣ
ǡƵͷ˵
ǵ˵ôˣ
ĸǲĹˡҲ֪ô˵ȥ۵Ļţֱ˵˵
̫Ҳһ⣬۾㵵ĺ
æʣʲôݣ
ĸϿĸҪѰ˼ͬҪࡣƴ˻һһ£Сŵ̫Ȼûб֣Ǹ˵ġ
룬Ǹ˵
̫󵭵
Ƽ˵˵˵꣬ܳ˥󣬵ʼȻͬѰ˼ҡ
ĸСǲͬĸһҲ㣬׿Ȼ֮ˣ֮ĸʱΪᣬӱȻҪࡣ
аƷ飬òˡ
֮ĸŮӣҲǽΪʱôĸͻǿĸĸĸʹʱĸͻ֮һЩ
д£̫Щɡ
Ƽǣҽ˼أԶĸĸĸĸʱӦǶʮ֮ڣʮϣŮʮϣʮ¡
ЦǺǵģ˵ӼҿҪȰˣɲǺòµġ
£
סȻȥ̫Ī˵ˣ
̫ʣأ
ĸ󣬴ڼ䣬˽Ӣ꣬ò绨ʱĸ룬ǲвˣƷòڵˡ
ǡ̫Ц㻹ˣ
̫Ȼô˵̲סһ£ȷʵˡ
뵽һõĿʼҲ˿
ĸҽϼصģǺ˵ġ
Ǿͼ˵
̫˻Ƽ˵Ů̳иҪһЩĸݣĸҲӢ֮ˣĸŮӣʱȻǺõģĸ࿴ģĸĸĸ׸࣬
Ϊĸĸʱĸʱ棬Ѫ㣬ĸȡӪҲ϶࣬ĸҲá
һ㣬ĸ
˵Ҫù֮꣬ڻʼҪһЩ
֪ḸĸĺӣӰܴٵϡൽ٣еġ
˵˰ʱ򣬳µݡ
ЩǳףԤʾ
̫£ǱܲΪ̫ö˯þ
ˣĸɼǵãʲôʱʼϢã
̫򺣹æ˵ǰ
ĸҽѯǲʱʼĸ̲̲֮Ƿ˲ζҩ
(δ)

ʮ 

ܿҽڣѯʺ棬ȷʵǰʼ̫̲мصġ
˰ѼصĲ̫Ŀ治ʲôʱҩ˶٣ÿʲôʱм¼
˲̫ɫһ˲ӡ
ûõĶ
̫ϢŭСӡ
æŰǵͷ
֮ô죿̫ƽҲûô⡣
ƲŸ˵ĸ󣬶Լһζҩ˲ΣΪÿ𷹺Ƭˮĸ̲ĸһ֮о㣬ҩڼһζʲݣĸƽ£ĸպӦûָ˯ߡ
ô̫ۺ
æ˵ȿҩūȥ졣
á
ȥдһҩȥץҩ԰ҩҩϲų
̫ҩ֮ǰȳȷû£̫Žҩ
ҹƾ޵ţ̫ЪˣϢ˻ģ̫ķԸǰ˿ȷ˯ˣŴ޹Ƽæȥ˵
ˣŴĴָ˵
ޣҲֻƤë壬ӦǼеӰɣ£Ҳ˯š
ɲǣӼҰƶûгԺȣ˹ģ˶ٿ඼ǵˣ찡ӼҲ֪ӼӲãǸĸˣǺǡ
Ц
˵˲ȷʵ̲ÿãĸһʳãʮϵɽΣԲ⣬̲ң١
ס죬ɴ۾¿û˲ɿ
Ҫ˵ʲôƲ˶ѣ繫˵СҾƶ֮ûпɱԵģ첻㣬Ҫ첹
ūллˡ
æŲ˲۽ǣǸӿ
Ƶû˵ʲô̧ͷϡ
վһᣬȥտ̫󣬰Ʋƿֱ۽¹⿴ȥֱһ縡֣ʲô䶯
ⶫϸ룬һŪϵġ
ϳǰǺõģǾͳ
ǹ岻ᱳʹģ˴Ҫֵġ
ҡͷ¡
Ҳ֪ûл᳤ꡣ
ſְ֪ǶֻʱѹֱˣסһЩΧŵġ
վһϣ̫ƲȥϢ
˯һ磬ȥ̫󣬾Ϳ̫š
ĸ󣬼үҪ¹򣬱̫ס
ˣûãˡ
лĸ󡣡
ƵͷһɫĹ£תŹ帣˸ӣү
˰ɣȻûƽϣҲǲ䲻֪ѡ
̫ȥ¡
ü˻ᰲƣȻһ飬ϲɫ
ȥǼ棬õĶҲϲ鱦Σ޲ͷϷΣ·󶣶
ʲôأ̫󿴶ӿĳ񣬹ϡ
Ż񣺡ĸ󣬶ҪȥˣȻûˣǾҲȥɡ
û㵹Ǽˣ
̫ǳģǣҲô
ǡ˵ſƣ߰ɡ
̫Ҳߡ
ȥɣʲô½汾ȻΪ
лĸ󣬶ˡ
˳浽˵˼仰ư̫ҩ˵꣬빬
һ·ŻҪ׼ϵ۵ҩŹһ·˹
׼ŰϳֱǶ¡
ʱȥ壬ŷֹ
֣ʲô
ָ
Ůһ·ĲɵģΪ˯ˡ
ưָ壬Ȼ֪ʲôܹ鲻ӺҲû̫˼ָ˹塣
ƿƵӣ¶һڰźֱۡ
̧һ۰ƣûȰƷӦڳһѵӣɿڰĻһʹһûȥ
ĵӷϻһһѪ˳
ƶپֱͿЩۡ
ʲôʣѵù弰ġ
һּ棬Էֳֳܷûжֳܷж
ֳӽн˿ϣСʱ񿴲ҧ˵ƤȥƤ⣬˿ҧĲۣԲ׷֡
һ񣬺ȻֵΪʲôͻȻôã
ڣǼ鼴
Цô
£˰ɡ
ȥģиɫѪĶ䶯˳ŰƵŲǹĵڡ
(δ)

ʮ ˵ǹʹ

Ƚ˿ϽӽĵڣѾƿӰѽ˿漴ƿ˳ȥһȰȥƿѣĺɫҲʵϣûòˡ
º
ǰƵĵһ֪
嵭ǳѵʱڸ»ţ˺ĵطѪҺ̾ͻᶳȥɳ뿪̣ܳûƤѪţһ
ԭˡƴ壬Ļ١
ưȥסҲǺܵġ
ǶĹ壬ֻѪ
ֽǰϥڱϣֹѪҩϣܿá
崹ŰƸɾм̹һɷȥ⡣
ЪŰɡģ͸롣
ƵϰˣҲ̬Ⱥõģƽʱڡ
ȥãһ·޻
ѾڣվŹܼҺͣûЩ֣δʣǻȥ֮ѯʹܼңˡ
£ܼΣƲʣˣ
ǡ
ܼΪѣ˿ˣ˵ֻܾȰ;ȰǸĺӣСĸȥˣΪүүѡУԺúõˣ뵽޹ȥˣʣһˡ
ΪҲȥģ֪ñܻ䣬ʲô˵ɡԭֿɺޣǺպ
ܼҲٱܻ䣬˵£
⣺ǰģ
ǵǡܼæ˵ǰݡ
ݣƲʶˣûʲôӡ
ܼҽͣǰõѣǱԳ׵ģû£ѾǺӵĵˡ
ô˵ǰݺңҲǸɵӣⲻǰѰô
ǡ
ǰأ
£Ϊݶɣ
ҲѺţ첻ԲȣݻܳסûˣֻǰҵĻ¡
ܼһֱڿ¸˭æ˵Ҳûá
ĹɭϣǰЩҲй飬үӲɱ˾塣
Ҳ㣬ް취á
ܼΨһ뵽ľǰƣȻЩðգҲδؿϰæܼҲܿŰܡ
ݷҲܼĲ̡
ҪϢһᣬ˳ϴϴ裬ȥһһȥүϣлתء
ܼȥϴȥҹ塣
ߵſţ㲻ԸҲ֪ܼǰǹʹˣǲģ˭аĲˡ

ﴫȥϢ
ƿŰƿ棬Ȼ׼Ъˡ
֣ģҪϢˡ
ү
ȻǾ͸ҲҲˣźð¡
ڴţһ飬ƳƬ̣š
ûš
תغŰȥ壺үôϢˣ
ôôĮ롣
ȥм¡
˵ɡ
ƸоɽԽɫԽǾѹ
ү²֪ܲͨڡʵ벻Ҫô飬ֱֱȥ˵
ſı飺˭ģ
ԼˣҲˡ
̧㣿
š
ֱͻͻ˵ѹȻ顣
ǰûҲǲ˵ôԹô£
ùģƿ´һ°ɫӲǱ˳Ĵ磬תſȥŷҪǲ·ʵһͭƤǣȴǸ
˱ˮ£һߺˮһ߿ƣǱˣȣʲôȣ
Ϸ
˵㣬Ź壺үʲôҪҰæĵط
ʲôҪĵطЦͷˮһȴ뵽Щʲô
㲻ᣬˣҹ鲻ǻôˮƵģһۣﰵһ䲻Ҫ
˼һ£ү˵ӻȡǣ
һӣΪβ˵ģȻЩ᲻ãҲõˡ
ֻҪû£Ҳֵˣ
οûа˵׼ҲᱻҪȥ
Բ֤
ҧǲǰӡ
үдαظһʶ
Բ˼ʶҲּۻˡ
ᣬûˡ
һӹڻ
ӿԻүү˰
ưҹ£ѾּۻۣҪǲˣ취
(δ)

ʮһ Ȱ

忴ӣӣոĹأҪֽŽܷˡ
ǲҪôƷ
ɱ˲ͷأֽŽ͵ڷˣô
ȥϣ·ԼߵģǱģԹñ
ǰģǰݣ
ߣ֪ĵǲ٣ҪûаϣõɫƵ޴ûȻ֪ҴԲΪ͡
ҲǿĲºͰ޹أ˵Ҳʵ
ȻˣŰ޹أһֻɺϡ
οҺ˰ãұҲ쾭壬ʲôԣˣүҲ۲Ĳ˼£үͲǡƷǵϷѻ˵ͷͷǵ
ٲȻҲǳصˣʵô˵û÷ǣ
ɫ䣬һʱտڲԡ
˵
ûĿ۰ƣ峯Űϵİôĸвͷˣˣذɡ
˵깬ƿţվԭһִ֣ߣôš
˻۾ۿƲԸôүȫģѾܿүǰҲɱˣҪӾˡ
ߣӾ뱾θɣ
⡭
ûʲôϵԡ
˵ȥɡ
үܷ˰ϣֻǿ
ͷĿ⿴ƣƤˣ
үʹһ٣˰ȻҵֽЩڣ˵̫ⱨӦ
ɣֽŽԿɷŹ
ˣûԡ
ԥĴ𣺡ѵӸ
ҧҧһᣬóӸ壬ߵ£ƿ󣺡ȴӽɣү˵㻰
ǻȥˣҲһۣܱûĺá
忴۴ϵĵӣֿ۰ƵĽףӲ֪Ů˵Ƥϸ壬һͨ͸
ִƵĽףһ£̧ȥƣת
࣬ɱ˷ѪҲԼ֪˫Ⱦ˶Ѫǹֵ£ȻϽŽҲ޷ߵʹ
ϵͳҩȻڣҲ˴ζãһĳ⣬Ǹˡ
˲¹ͷĵطһˣ³붼롣
ǻɹͷӡ
Ҳ£뵽֮ǰһЩ棬ָڰƵĽϸŪţĻ
ָ⾹Ȼһ˿˿ĵ档
һֻ֣ƽ˫ۣɡ
ûż㼱ʲô˵깬ÿת˵ȥɣŪ˱ĴϲѪȣ˫ֽȸţȱõʱ㡣
һ£תȥʱ򣬹Ѿȥˣ˳ȥһ.ſ棬ſ졣
ƴӴ˻Ṭ壬һ֣ǰڹﻹôˡ
ΣԳˡ
ллүȫ
ƵлתȥſڣסſϵĵӰ˰Σ̫Ȼβ
һᣬҪ̫ûˣôβ
ѽôõĵˣȻһ㶼ûϣҲԭ̣Ĳӣպɴ¿ҪЩ˼С
˻Σ˺ܴľŴſϰ
˲ƲŹ뿪
ŰƸոհѵպãͿܼӭܼҲ˵ŰߵԺſڣŸʣүô˵
˵Էˣȥ
á
ܼҲһû뵽ƻɹ
߰ɣںԺôƿܼûԼȥԺ֪ʲô鷸˴ģԺѺ
ܼҼæŰȥԺһ·ŰȥԺһεĵط򿪷ţ˳ŵĻ
ܼҡ
͹ܼ˵ĸΣôҲĻȻʶ
ү˴үѾ˰
ܼô˵ƣʹүҪֻ
ӰƣܼͬǰҲк
¼
Ҫ뿪
үͻƣ
ŵĻϷУһοܼңܼϽΧڴˣʲôȻү
ƺǺˣ

ܼǺ˼
ܼ˵ûһе¿ˮ̣͹Ҳһˡ
һһν
ţƵڲԶˡ
롣
ÿ·ȥ档
ڣûдȥҪŵ
һȹȥˣȥûԶͿǽϵˡ
һǰİƲʶԼˣˡ
ݣ
ˡ
ƿһᰢݣȥ
ˣϼˣϱţٺõҲԲ
һҩ󿪰죬ҩŽ۾л㱿ǰˡ
(δ)

ʮ 

ɳƵĿҪѿˡ
ȥһ߹ŵԿף⿪ļߣҲߣ°ݲܡ
ƿһˣȴŭĿˡ
Ҹүֻ㣬Ͼ㲻ǹүӦҲ޹ķϣ°ݣһҪ룬ҳȥһ˵Щѣһľȣаա
Ʒվȵİʣ㲻ƭңľȰݣ
İɣҪܾһ
ſݣҲ£һү㡣
ݷ·һĿ׶ĿŰƣףɱ֮޲죬Ҳǿܹǰӡ
ŰƳȥѰܼңܼҽϰѰͻȥƻȥȡҩܼңŻȥϢ
գ׼ϵ۵ҩ˵ŷ쿴ǰԺš
Ҳ֪Ϊݡ
ܼҺҲڣȰ˵
ִ֣岻Ӧ˰ݣ㳤
Ҳﲻæһҹ飬οݺͰͬ
û汳ѹ壬Ǳˡ
ӿʼݾҪʱ򣬾Ѿ˹塣
ѣԤʾŲЧҡ
ľ˷֮Уһѣͬѹ
Ĵ޷ˡġ
Ҳǰ˷ʱ䡣
һųѸϵ׼ҩ׼ˡ
ӷƿԺм䣬ɹڵϹţƮѩϸһѩϺɫϵЩڣı˪Űϸĺë˪סˣ
ܼվڰԣȻܶ࣬Ҳòᡣ
ſڵҲǡ
ˣԿŲסˣٲ͵
ƿſڣҪͿˡ
㶳Ҳ㿪ţɡ
Ű嶼Ӳ.ˡ
ܼңŰˡ
ܼæŷŰҲæŽæȫӲ»ȥͰ͵
Űϸȡů
ֽţܼҪþƾ塣һæµѰѹ
ҩ࣬ͣȫһ£ȳȥˡ
Ʒҩ࣬תȥ档
æŸҩ࣬ﵹһ˼ƺ֮ǰĲͬˡ
ҩ£үѾһ棬㲻Ҫִš
δӦƵ̲ס˵ΪңԭҪȥҶ֣ûɱݺԥҪݷգҺ˰ݣүȥʹҲᷢ¡
̫࣬үûݣ˵лᣬȥүŭ롣
ͳžͿһϮƤվѩжүſڷ
ͰŹȥҰƣƲʣҲΪݸ÷ô
΢΢̧Žյİơ
˵ı仯أ֮ǰôƶᣬȻǲϲȴˡ
֮ǰһ۶˵ǲų⡣
ݹȻûôˣүҲûô˲֪飬ðûү
ĻͲ˵ƺҪġ
ǺһЦ˶һģֻǵġ
Ҳ⡣
ù
ȥԡ
ƻޱߵķſڣ̧š
ﴫĮ˾ӳȥˡ
תվԺͣѹֶҿԭ
Ͳˣǹ廹мֱ棬ҪǾ͵ùˡ
ƿŽȥûǹš
Źϰվſڿڣү
ſڣӴ
£֪ΪΣʱһЩ
Ƶ˱ȥ˸壺үȲ衣
ˣҪи˵ӡ
߲룬˴һڣʣ˵ɣǺ£
ԥһ᣺үݱϾô꣬ȻϾҲΪ˰ã˵Ҳ壬֮ǰҲгɼ֦ͬңҲΪү˵ҪǾôˣƺЩףĪ硭ˣ
һ˵ֱ꣬ġ
ԭǸ仯޳ˣ͸Щʲôһ̻ʲôӦ
ǹײײˣкùӡ
Ц»治٣һһƢǲ̫ˣ
£ʵ޻˵ֻñ졣
ߣǺ˵ôֱˣ̫ˣڱﳭ飬ʲôʱѱ鶼ˣʲôʱٳȥһ鵽ƽ£ƵһҲ⣬ѡ
ʣүж飿
ߣ
Ŀ۰ƣһȫ꣬һֶ˰ݵ𣡡
棿
û뵽ôð졣
ֻǳܾˡ
Ļ棿￴˿Ҳûм飬Ҳ¡
ãҴӦ
(δ)

ʮ 

ȥ˱īֽ⣬Ϊֻм飬صķ棬ſ򿪵ڴӣ飬İһͷײ··
һ̩ȻʱںȲ衣
ȥӿкܶ鶼Щˣ򿪶ɻ᲻
ƱŻıīֽ⣬֣ǻҲҪˡ
ӦˣӲͷƤҲҪ
°һźã¿ʼ
ݻţ㳭갢ݾܳ
Ƴרģ忴ʱĪİôš
鳭һ磬˫ʹ
Ȼֳ֣ˣֳٶȺܿ죬ּҲܹ
Կһᣬּ֮ǰྶͥȫһ˵ּ·һǰ
ǰҲǼƲϷɵЩֵģֱ֮
ϸŰƵı仯Ǵǳ׺죿
ɼתԣּô䣿
ۿڰƳˡ
үܲðȳˣֶᶯˡ
ٶѾȿĿˣҪϼ죬ôȥˣҲˡ
͡
ү
;档
˰ݡ
ǡ
뿪ȥſڷԸ׼ţܼͷ˵Ƴ˷顣
ܼСۣûȻΪү˰Ƴ飬ֻΪˣ⡣
ү˰ݵ£ǰģ
ܼʵţ
Ƴһ顣
飬ʣһ롣
ҹƻڳ顣
𣬰ϴϴϢ˯
ƵĶ棬Ű˯
ŰüţĽݡ
ɫһתȥһӣһѰŵһ£˴ξ˹
һԺŶĹ巢
ɡ
˵깬崩Ƥã˳ȥˣˤһ
֣һϾͷƢԴҩˡ
ȻƻǼ顣
һ˳Զʱ䶼ڳ顣
һŻ˲ż档
Ƴ˶ſ˯Ժſſ˯ȥ
ϵƤøϡ
ƶ£۾
ȥȲ㣬ɽˡ
۾չһ˫֣˸ǷˣȥЪţϹ
Ļȫ£Ҫѣ߲ŵˤȥ
ۼֿһѽסûվȰˤ˹ȥ䣺ſ
Ʒſᱳˤôſ
һΧεµ˵ڵϡ
Ƶ˫ۣ촽µ촽һʱ䰲Ƥײ棬һվֻʵĺһѱ档
ң
Ҳס˵
Ŀɱ˰׺ݡ
Ʋ˹塣
Ȼģ.±ǲˣ
ҧվһ˲䣬ȥǿ³Կһ㿪ܡ
סתʱѾŶųŵİƣһĪĲϮͷ
ʲô飿

ӷƵķſڣŸչϣ˹ȥ
ߵſڸûϵŷ쿴ȥƴˮ촽ҺܿЩˡ
һ߲һĹ壬ˣˣ
ŭôˡ
ȻռݵģҲģܲ⡣
ҧסȭͷŮˣ
ŽȥѵһϮתȥѾָ
ү档
ܼ棬˵ȥԺ
ݹ棬үܼҲ˵ݲߡ
ҪŹűǡ
˷䣬ֻܼȥ߰ݡ
ݹһϣΪεȥܼŽ̧ߡ
һû˯һ׵ĺ㳦ܼˣֹʹģҲôͺá
緹ƶûһ˳Է뵽ϵ飬һá
˵飬Ѱӻȥ忴ŰƵּĮ
ܼæȥ밲ƣƬ̴ţ̧һ⡣
ƴһסˣ߹һڶϣĺܾ£õģֻĴһһ˿ʼá
ƽ£ʿʼ顣
Զҩݵʣʲôҩ㣿
ۣ첻˵
ëڿհ׵ֽд˼֣Ե㣡

Ե򶨰ԵҩոҩմȾˡ䰲Ƽ飬ϸţžһһĳ飬Ҳð
(δ)

ʮ 

ҹ飬ǰ鳭ˡ
ԭ䣬ųõ鰲ƻһЩɾ͸еģеһϸһᣬַ˻ȥ
ҪúöУ󲿷ֵֶʶ
Ǻð׼뿪ˣʱڴţĿûǰյǰϬһ˿Ȼ
£Ǵ˸күȻȥˣ鳭ˣռĴ֣вԵģҿٳ
飬һ԰˵ֱС׼ס
һڣû˯á
˵Ӵ۴ʱ˵ձҪ¡
Ʋ죬Ҫź
Ƭ̰ƿſڣǽ˽
ɵվʲô
Եòͷδ׵սջȥƹԹȥ¡
үǼ
ƻףֲ壬ÿմ·ʲôƶȼҲ֡
һ˺˲ͬÿνƶ;ʢװ磬ҲȽʽ
֪ΪʲôǲͬȻҲ㺮ݣ˵ĸоǲСڵĲүϲá
ҲֻǴƽﴩ·ȻǻȲ˽ʥĳ崩ȥ˻ϡ
ȥ﹬ʱ򣬴ָĶׯһѻ˵ͷϵľϽڣѾʥļˡ
ھϽڰƴԭļҲ֪һЩλүȻŷλүǺϵͬȵĴҵĹضԣүǲþģǲġ
͹ȴ˾飬Լ
˵λҲֻһ֮ң
ȵ۵گǺһ֪ϵϥӣȵǰҲϵ۲ΪʼҷԲŻ뵽λү׼һ
ǵ֮ޱȣΪȵֻӣĽɽȻҪѡ
ϵѾ˻ʵۣûΪʼҿ֦ɢҶôλүͳ˴ĺѡ˭Ҳһְգ˭ûǾͿ˰ɡ
Щ˵ңԶֻǾãκʱֶׯصģЩ
ľϽǴŵģϴ·Ҳǽĳżͷֻһڽʱ򣬷žϽڡ
˭֪أˣ˵ɣӲء
Ʒʱ򣬹͸˳ˣⲻãźҲ˯ţ
̧ͷⲻǵүԸǼ
ߣ㡣

ƸˣҲ㣬ô˯ȥ
ﲻ죬ƻȥѡѣżɫͬʽͬǻȴͬѡ
ɫлƣɫûУɫơ
Ŀһᣬڵϲģ֪ܴܲ

ƴһɫģƫɫ
ɫ˳á
ƻȥҺãɫʣ
Ҫ
Ƽȥֻһɫģɫ˳Ҫ
ƻȥǼ°׵ı˳
ʣô
ƳһۣУɫ
ҪǼ
ת𴦣תȥ°ɫķźãѺɫı
үɫĲÿүᴩɫԵϳǡƳҲû崩һȰ˵һɫÿҪɫӡ
彫·ϣתŰƣҪǸɲ㣡
ƵͷƵû˵
ȴõģǴϲģ
תȥſڣǶ˶ЦЦ˳ȥ
ƿˣ
㣬·ɺɫˣȥ档
һƣûҪɫ
ദǢƲ鷳ȥֻҺɫ·
ûС
°ɫģƴ˳һ
ۿȥ֪岻Ź·£ȥ˵үûкڵˡ
ûУǲǿŰƾĵҹ飬ĶҪѿˣֱŹ⣬Ͳûס촽ˡ
忴Ƶģֵļ֣˵ҹ顣
ûУүҪϲһҲһˡΪҹȥˣѭ򽥽лᡣ
ദ찲ƶԹҲЩ˽⣬˳л
岻ӿ棬漴Ը߰ɡ
һ·ȥʹ
ﰲƴҹע⣬Ҳ
Ҫǻ㾡õ°ݵ鲻
ҪＫ䲻ˬ
һ·޻˹˲ȥ
ŵ˿˵̷ˣƿȥţű˵ĶʹôȻҲû˭ˡ
ƽ˹׼ŹȥͿվſڵţȥͺкʱ칫ȻҲӭˡ
(δ)

ʮ ദǢ

ū밲ˡ
Ͱƣһǰ밲ľˣʲôҪͷʲôҪʧƣūŵĿı˭׼
ôðպҪͷˡ
ˣкҪ£֮ǰҪࡣ
æ˵ūǷּ̫ܲȥģ̫⼸һֱ߶Ľ˵ټǲūȡ
忴۰ƣȻĸ㣬ȥɡ
ǡ
Ƹ˸ӣ׼ȥ̫ʱ칫˽ǰ
ū밲ˡ
£忴ȥĿƽ
칫ϲūǰȥĵ
ɫ۵칫á
칫ͱȺҪС̫ˣݾ㲻ָ£ҲҪһڵġ
칫æ񣺡ã̫밲ˡ
칫ӼǷģɷӼһˣȥĵȻȥ˹ͣ칫ȥҲ˵
롣
칫ҲΣˡ
忴۰ƣ˼֣ȥĵȥĸź򡣡
˵깬ȥĵ칫æŸ˹ȥ
ſ򺣹
⼸տɺãЦеģһá
˵ã̫˯Ŀɺã
ã⼸ղ˯ĺˣɫҲ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ÿ춼߶ء
ߵǰ棬һȥ
ǹ⼸պЩôѯʵ
Ҳͷˣ֮ǰҪúܶ࣬ҹ˯ĺãҲˣӼһֱΪӲãΪ£˭첻㣬ﲻӣء
˲ȻҲܳԣһʹδط㣬˲ҩҩֶ˶ԡ
ҽһƿҩ

סƿ˿Χˣ칬ﵽˣҲࡣ
׹ЦЦģᶼӼߵˣ͸ɾء
Ǿͺáưַŵǰ̷ǰߣһƿҩҲ˳Ÿ˺æս
ǮȻҪԺ˶ԣҪ
رϵʱ򣬺޲źá
ƸһƿҩȸɽɽҪҲм
ο˽Դҩ֪ˣǿǲ˵ðգǸˡ
˭ύһסֵˡ
ūһѹͷûʲôˣǲūԸ
ʲôҪãұ֪ˡƿΧǧ磬ʹԺڣĴңѾ֪ˡ
ҲǸҽߣ˲ʹĥС
Ѳ⣬Ҳָ˭ܶ棬Լˣοˡ
ҽ˲ʹʱ̲סúˡ
ҲΡ
ں̫һˣ£ǽᵳӪ˽ڹӦŵ㣬Ҳˡ
õͷǸˣӼҲ
ˡƵͷǰУš
Ƶ˳⣬棬Ѱƴ˽ȥ
ˣˣɣ㡣̫˿ԣԵ£Ҳȹ̨ףķǰ˰ӣл̫档
ĸ󡣡̫ŲԶ£ƹؾصͷ
̫һᰲƣӺˣ
лĸģöˡ
˾ͺãƶ
ĸ󡣡
Ʋʤ֣̿ƶˣ
Ϊˡ
̫ЦϱҽƶҲӦֻҵϱԼӣȻҵϱûôĽҲؾн
ǣĸ󡣡
šƶĸһҪ֪һ˵գҩô
ͻȻ׹̫ı⡣
ĸǿԸĵģҲǿԸĵģֻвǿֻѭ򽥽
˵̫һͣһȴ⡣
Ϊҽв˽ĵ
˶ܼ֮࣬˶Ҫꡣ
ʼѰҩ
еģҪפз
Ҫӣ˵ɣĸҪפ̫ݷȻ
ɽ󣬺ͻʼҵ˴򽻵̫ȫ
ǰһ뻹Цݿףһ˪ˡ
ҲҷɣشнС
ţҪҩô̫ĵͷ͵
ҡͷԸĸһõݸ࣬ĤԼϴ飬ĸʳķӣפղ⡣
ã½𽻸ɡ̫
˫ֱȭ
ƶ˵ĶҪ׼ãŮ˶̫ͣҲ⡣
ĸЩҪ׼һЩʱ򣬵ЩӦУĶȥѰȷаһʧ
ţƶ£ȻǷĵġ
£ĸ󣬶ڷ֮ǰΪĸ׼ЩΪĸʾá
š°ɣһ¡̫
֪гꡣ
ĸ˵
ƶĸʱ忴ж
Ƶһںô֪
Լʲôʱ֪
ĸ󣬶ĸ󻹿ǲ顣
Ŷ̫̲Ȫâ֡
˵ĸ壬ʵȶĻҪãӽΪ飬żƣǰնĸĸ㣬ѪǿʢԶĸ󻹿ǲ顣
ҪҲҪ֣Ҫڶ⣬ˡ
š
̫ⰲƵĻش𣬵ͷ
Ƶĸ󣬶ԸĸʳƣΪպЩ׼
ãǾɡ̫Ҳ
ǰ׼̫õò㡣
ϣūá
æſƣ᲻ס
ǰƷ̫̫һ̨ףһ˵𻰣Ƶǲôɵ̫
Ůаԣÿ˶֮һ·ֻ·ϣЩѡ֮ףЩٺҲǿ󲻵á
ЩвͬĿһ˲Ȩ۷壬ʲôڹ֮еʱǲˣ֮ϵٲģҪҲٲҪġ
ʼʼȻܳԳ֮У̫ʲôɲС
Ҫ޷ЩΪǰҪõģһҲͲĵĻˡ
ƶദΣû۸㣿̫˵˾ŶϱĻҲæŻش
үǰЩӺ࣬ԶҲˡİŪ
Ǿͺã
һһȥദǢֱʱ򣬹ˣ̫ûˡ
(δ)

ʮ ֵ

ĸ밲
ĸ밲
ϵۺ͹һ̫밲
ߵǰ棬ȥϵ밲ոոͱϵסַŰվ
ɣûˣֳֻ
Ůңлϡͷϵ΢΢
ղˡϵۿ޵
ʼճĬ˼ҵĻڵģҲᵱ档
ôûǾãѿˡɨһ۰ƣǰ̫󣺡ĸ󣬶Ҫˡ
ʲôѵǶڣһٳɡ
Ҫȥ빬顣
ӵҲˣȻˣǾȥɡ̫˻תߡ
ת̫˸ӣˡ
תϵָ˸ӣŮˡ
š
ϵ۰ַ󣬳Ƭȥ̫˵ƷżټĻҲû취ҩ
ӳƱ߱ߵȣ࣬ϸ꣬üպͿ֬Ĩۣ
˼飬˴һæȻҽճʲôûΣϴ㳭ȥϢ緹ûԾˣʱͿ֬Ĩۣ
ûô嵹Щ⣬ѵǿˡ
̧ȥһ°ƵȷʵûС
ûаɣ鲻ѣô
ͷƿ۹칫˹
ū칫æ밲˿
£屳ֶ֣
칫æ˵ϸոջĵһ»û˵ūǰȥ
·
ȥƱӺһ·档
ĵ⣬˵һᡣ
ĵ飬ɵÿ۹
߷߲ƽΪ˾ɣ
Ϊʲôֺǰˡ
ر⼸գûֵ˼ˡ
Ȼżãǳ䣬Ҳóû
칫ȥĵȡ
Ҫߡ߽ƿӰΣ˵ô
ȻǰŽĵ칫˳밲ȥƫ
һ·ȥƵı˿֪ϵͰźˡ
ֻûɵģŹ£Щ
Ůݼϡ
ƫƸϵ밲ϵ۾ǰ˽
޸о⼸֮ǰҪ࣬ҩЧˡ
ϵ۳˵Ҳҵ飬˵ϣŮҪΪС
á
ϵ۰ȥСĽİסϵ۵ϵͳɨһȦɿ˵ϣ˴ˣڵҩ֮ڣȬ
£ϵ΢΢񣺡ô죿
ǡ
ϵƺЩˡ
ίʵЩ͸ǣвҲԸá
ǾͰ°ɡϵȤĴƣʵô㻹ӣ
ãѾݵ³Ůˡش
ôϵۺЦʮΣʲôЦġ
ϣµҩͣãɶãҪĹʳ嵭ưҩϣϵ۽ӹȥ˿
ȥɡ
Ůˡ
һ˳صĵȴֱ
ɫǺܺãƾܵĲȥǣںţ˹ǳˡ
ƿ۹壬ⲻ㣬һյ͵ƣԵû谵ǻ谵йȴԽʣɫѣƹԵø߹
Ŀ￿ţӣӢϢ
棬ԭڹһ㲻ԩ
ĸ˵ЩʲôģľҲл
̧Ź壬˼Ƭ̣֮ǰ˯Ĳã˷˯úˣĸѯפյķӡ
Լˣȥѹ⼸տŲôѿˡ
ҡͷֻʳƶѣôʱȥԡ
ûԣ
岻ţҲ͡
һȡ
ƿȥŲĽ£˫ְŹȸȣǿҹ顣
ƾȫ忿С˯һֱǰ
ƴ̧ͷţȻû˾š
뵽ĵƫʱĻ棬Ϊԭֵˣֲ㣬Ҫá
ǰͲԭˣͺú;ȳ²ˡ
мҵˣҪź˿
ˡ
Щеû˯ʱݺݴ¡
ƵӣԾ¡
ﴫˬʶͳ£Ȼȥɡ
á
Ʋ뿪ת˸
ƿѾˡ
źһ·ã³Ըȥ̫ĸϡ
Ϣһ磬˻ûҲǻزˣͰźˣгҪ¼ڲģϾǷ䣬ͬ飬һһҪϱġ
Ǿң᲻ȥô
󣬰׼ذһˣҲȫϵҩ̫󣬺Ҳˣ˵ɼˡ
֮Ҫ̫׼פյƷҲҪȥҵ㶫
׼ؽſ£תֻȥˡ
ȥԺҰ
Ű£۾һתɺá
ﲻʺ
˵֮ǰҪɱ
ʣЩô
˵öˣлģʱҹȻȥɡ
ţ㣬㿴ȥָҲáԾؾǸúˣܿࡣ
˰ѵӣһ£ΪҪɱ֪ΪʲôûҲû
ƵĵӻѪ֣߬󿪰죬Ѫν
ŰƣȻûзӦ
Ѫȥ˰ײס׼
ҲΪְۣסؿڶŰƣ㣿
õΣȥҲ£ãȻҲԭ£˵޼۵ģر
ҾֻǲĿȥ͵ҳҶĹɡ
ҲҪ⡣

֪˵ʲôƲԣʣмҪ㣬ܸܲң
˵
оָĺܿ죬漣ĺתԭؿʹʱҲѾʹˡ
Ҽ޽ʱ򣬸һ޵ѾߣôһֱҲû
ԥһ£޽ȷ£»£¶Ҳʧˡ
£Ѿ߲Ϊܻȥ򽫾ˣôˣ
ûʲôҲˣһȥˡ
ţ׼һͲˡ
ܵù죬ֻǲ֪ǻǸĺֵţ
һ·뿪Ժڰ˿ıӰ¶׺ݵһֽ̳ŷİš
ոհƸѪˣ
֨ѽһƿȻȥݴ˽
ݡ
æ´ͰݽͣעŰ񣬰ҲˣӲû
ǰݣߵǰ̧֣˰ϵ·ԭжˣ֮ǰȥʱ˵ĵطѾȬȻû֮ǰĶˡ
ɿ֣һֵŰôûˣ
Ǻ
û˵֪ΪѪ֪Ϊʲôоݶ԰ʬεĳޣЩǡ
(δ)

ʮ ƽ

ƳŻȥ˵Ů·ִˡ
ƸսţţŹȻǽ
ơ
һŮ֮ǰԷˣǰ̾ģҲûʲô˼ˡ
ƿˣϰӭ˽ȥ
ôˣ
һᣬ޳
˵ŮóȥˮȥŮֻ֪Ǹ˶Ȼ֪ˡ
Ůʮ˱䣬ԽԽġ
£˵û£ˣͺˡ
Цĺ벻Ů
ԭôͲ֪ϧأ
ŮϾǼ˵ģԲÿڵߣҲҪģŮֻҪһʱ䣬ͻŵġ
Ǿͺá
ͷʲô˵ƣǰ˵Ҫƶǻ˵Ĳԭûм֪ҲҪᣬȴ֪˭©˷ֵǷԷ˵ݲƶƶĸ֪˴²ֳڼϵˣڱķ֣ҪȻҾûŮˡ
Ȼϲҵˣرة࣬Ҳˣ˵ºҲһǡ
Ҫƶˣة಻֪ôģôҲһ
Ҳ⣬ŷӦ㲻Ҫܣǻ󽫾ҪǱҺЧҵϣûϵҲͲҪȥˡ
ƶ飬Ů֪ô£ôʲô
ô˵ǿةࡣ
Ů˻ʺûȴΪʲôӵĲȥ룬ŮԭҲиõ˼ңƫƫǸ
뵽ŮһƬι˹ƶĿˣͬةࡣ
ưһпʵǲ֪˵Щʲôֻҡҡͷ
ȥ𣬵ȴǸ᳦ˡ
Ե˶ܿǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ů˵һỰ˵˯ҪȥҲ˹ȥŮš
ưԼĽһ飬Ȼܹʽͨˡ
վһԿǰˣˡ
սȥҰͷ˵ãȴĻ˷䡣
֪ĽܣԭϲܣĽǵ򲻵ѣҲʾǰ
ƲŻȥϢͲŴӴһ˯øⰲȡ
ʱҲûȥˣ֪ط̫ҹܻؼңȻǲס
ʰʰЩҪҩģƺͰ˷뿪ȥ
ֻ·ϣȴҵˡ
ҵǰ棬Զ㿪ˣȻͷϣǲΪá
Ƹչȥﴫһ˵
ⲻôôôˣ
ͣ£ǸʮµӣҲܸ㣬ûġ
ͣ£˺Ц

꣬ϤΪʲô벻˭ˣѵ˵ҵˣ
벻벻ɣҲ¿ˮ̣طĵ˶ȥˣʶҲʶ
Ϊҵµܣ
οľĸûӣֻս
תƻȥǰͷʲôƿ경ƽ
ûߵģǴһԾģֻ˼ҵӯصһ˲䣬ȷʵÿ
һԾ䵽ϵƣз䵽ϣһһɫƮݲףһɫĺãǰһ˾껹һμ
ƿҲʮ߰꣬üĿ
ȷʵʶҲоԭû
ԷʱѾŰ߽ûʲôˣҲȷԷǲҪ֣ûվ￴
ƣּˣ
Ʋ죺֣
û֣
ƽԹ޲ɱ˰Ʋܽޡ
Ƹо겻ã˵֪˭
˭ƽܺȻһЦſЦ͸ʧķһЦֹŪðֱë
ľҲڽʧദܣ
ôʲôط񾭲ҿ˲ű񾭲һһ
ʺƳӽˮɷҩƶķҪپǰѹ֪˭ޣЦôˡ
ЦƽҧҧСǹ˶ôͰѱٹˣ
ȻС㣿
빫˵㡣
ǣ
ƽҧӽˣΣ
ԽòԾҲ˵Ϊʲôʲô
Σ£Ա㡣ƴ뿪ƽһסƵֱۣһ˾͵ӺƽܰѰƱסɫһɫ.ˣ
̧һţߵϣƽܶ㿪תѿ밲ƺ
ʶˣҲܳԿ
ͥڣ§§˵ȥô
(δ)

ʮ õ

ƽվǰɱڵŭŰƣȻŭ
֣Ǹӣ
ôǷӣ
һһƺСģ
ƽȻͷƽŵĨͣһգ۲ˡ
ƽֲܷԣȻת˾Ѿˡ
ߵĿ죬ܿصæܻԺ
ӼæŹϣǰȫˡ
ҵųϴʱԼһ
Ϊˣ룬ƽҵ
ܼҼæţ
ƱѾˣĲ֪ʲôˣҲʶ
ȥ
ߵļƾ泶һ¶ˣȻһʺġ
ӷʣʲôˣ
ǳȥɡ
ܼһΪѣ˵ϲŮҲһȱĲ
ة˸£Ҫƽȥ˱߹ظŴȥ˱߹Ŵսպգ˵оŷɥٽ
Ĺ٣ȴԱ佫ǽڴҲΪѻ
ֻλҲӼ߰ߵˣĻ鲻
뵱ھǣͬǱһ㣬ֻҪƸ飬ӱȻ˺Ҳ˱ûЦ
ӻԣҪȢ
⣬˺Ȼ֣ͷۡ
һ·ߵſڣſǰˣһ㵡
׷ˡ
ƣô±ӣƽһһʣٲȻڡ
Ʋ׼룬ҪǶԷٷҲֻиԷ˺ˡ
ȴˣƽ˵Ϭ˿̿ŰƵȴ˺ܶࡣ
һЦƽʵ·ģ
ƴʱŷһ£ͷҲûʲôرĵطֻǺһЩ
Էô˵Ҳ֪ô˵ֻ̧ͷԷԭǵ鷳
ƽܼƲ˵˵ҪǶ㲻ãң£ƽܲ£
˵ƽ˸ʲôǰƱֽ̧סһۣȻһӡ
㣬á
ԶԶﴫƽܵȥʱѾ뿪
ƿʵ벻ǰ˭ͷת뿪תͿվڲԶŵĹ塣
ޱͣŹŲЦĿ֪ô͡
뵽Ҳ⣬Ҳû͡
ү
ܼȴкҲ˸ӣϰˣ
õûйأûأһԽԽһ첻ڣõˡ
ҲʶԼģүα˵Щڿң֪ҵͳˣү˾䱦
תȥԺ
һ·ɫʮֲ˳ƽڱ߹أ˭ģ
ԺӣȥϢܼҽ
ү˵мطҪȥ顣ܼſڹ룬ҧҪ
ȥ˹棬ţﴫ
ƿŰƻһɫ磬һͷûͷֻһɿβҲȥϢ
ڴţʱ΢΢˻񣬲˵ϵģس
֪粻ãҲ˵Щʲôȥñӣıʿʼ飬һһ䣬밲ƵУƽࡣ
ϹϸЩƲۡ
֪˲٣ҲЩˡ
û£ô¾ͻ˯š
ϢߵƵͣ£ĮڳõϣּƮݣ˴ʱˡ
飬ǰЩİƣĶʼζˣҲ˵ˡ
嵭Į룬û㱣ͷ
Ъţռն೭
ƵͷֻҪ˯һк
𣬲˽ᣬ˱
á
Ʒ±ʣ˸Ƿ
ү˸ӣԺȥſڣˡ
ȥ֣һ֣ǸˣΪʲôôı仯
ƻȥϢˣҹμĽݣȻһܣ۵Ҳƣ
꣬ĽⱲҲˡ
չ廹ҪţǰȴŰƳ˷
ƻ룬úõΪʲôҪһԷǲʲô£С
ԹҪ·Ҫš
ֻû·ųţԸȥңƲ֪ûа꣬Ҫȥ
ڳﲻڣȥҶ԰˵Ǹͦõ¡
þǼ
ִ̫ĸǰȥתİƣǲָˣԼȥŸůֵӣů¯ߵ˹ߡ
Ѿˣˡ
̧ͷȥйȻо
(δ)

ʮ سб

ΪףžҵһЩŮӭϵĻҪ˵ģҲ㡣
嵭Ȼˡ
롣
ʱѾˣʧ
ǰӭӹ壬ȴû뵽Ҳˡ
ȥ˽ȥ
ĸʧ嶼ûһۣѵ˵Ϊơ
ҵԺʱ˵Ⱥ򣬼˹밲ԻصԵλãǰ˱̣ޣЩȻ㲻õģȻϵʹҲһһ׼ţɼҶεŮжӡ
ƻԭĻ£ûʲôޣҲûʲô
Ǻᣡ
˸ӷźãǰϻ裬档
ʵڿȥѣҹүȾ˷纮ӻЩ飬ȥС
忴۰ƣվ
ֱȥһ棬Ÿȥôůˡ
˼ңû˽ţŸӶˣʼҸģһһЩЩ͵ȥΪױ
ž֪ʹ͵ĳ˻ʺ
һʺʱʹӣҪԵôȣʺ˵ʱϵۻûȫƿس͢Ҫ沦ʱһǾһϵۣѾǵʱ
ڻʺϵ۱ضǰΪʺӣҶ֪Ӳܷ̫ƽӲܸʺٹ⡣
ҵĪڻʺˡ
ֻΪ˰㣬̫Ͳҵ̨
˭ף̫
պƳ޵ʱ
ʺʧ裬ҲֻǸʼ
ٽ磬Խţ̫ҲԵŮͬǷš
ڼһŹܿһۣ촩ǿȸ̵ɫǹϲһɫҲûһۡ
Թȥ棬Ƶûţ͸͸
û뵽徹ȻҲˡ
ү
Ƹ˸ӡ
ȥյķ䣬ͣܡ
ǡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱˣӦʵĵǺܿ졣
ŰƸ⿿棬ǿҹ飬Ʋԣۡ
Ϊ˲ۣƾ۾ţװ
ȭͷ촽ҧˡ
վھǰŹ뿪뵽ľ˶û
һ۶ô
Ϊô
ص׼ȥϢͱסϴֹ顣
תҽӷܲһ㳭
ƶҪˣ˿˿ί
ҪҲôżõĶһͲ
ɡ
תţͷ죬үôһ˹塣
ֻȥ飬ȥ˯
ΰȥŪû֡
ֱ˯ѣȥƳ飬˴󲿷֣ڳҲǷˣôˣԽԽ޴ˡ
Ƿڹȥ޿ŹǺܾǿ
ȥ޿ĶǼ棬飬ҲԸġ
ŹɫһհĻ棬Ȼһߣתȥ棬һ
ҡͷ̾ϢϱʲôȱˣⱲô쵰
ȥ
죬ʲô¶û顣
ӹҲˣҲڸ
⼸ջʹʼϲҪʱƿط飬ڼҵʱ䲻ֻ࣬ϲſŰƳ飬ƵӹҲС
ֻæ̫ƷƻҪٳ֡
հŲҩץֻܣһȥ»밢æ
׼װУһ·˾ǡ
ȥĿ죬Һܵʱһʱ䣬Ҳ̰ˡ
;Ƹоͣ£ЩԾƿ泵ӿ档
ȥ
࣬ɫأǰͻ.Щɡ
ϣôǣ
ͣڶ棬Ҳǻˡ
ô£ѯʡ
Ҫ
š
ƹȥﴫһŮ˵ĺƿӿȥи
˵갲ƴˣæɣɽҰ룬Ӿǳʲô
ͣ»ͷ˵Ķԡ
棬м˼ææܣ˺㰡˿ˣˮá죬찡
ﺰŮ˵ʹкŵĻţһжڰƵĶ档
ӲܣȻһʬ
ƿЩ˶ͨˣ˵ҿұȥ
Ϊ˰ȫûϹȥҲΪѣ뿪ȥ濴˿֪ǲǴˣҹû֤ͨȥû취ҵطϢǣû뵽иڣҪˡ
ǴŸӣʱһš
갲ȥ˶ԱǴ򣬶Էţţæ밲ϳ
ýȥš
ڰϳ֮Ȼһ֪ãתȥѾȥǰ˵ס˰
(δ)

ʮ Ż

֪ϵˣ˳ĿʹǸ̫̫ʮˣϬһͲöԸ
иʮĺӣǸкüۣƵ񶼲ɾ
ƿǰһһ٣Ƕ顣
ʲôô
ٺ٣
̫̫һЦЦϸƣȷʵҪĲУҪıˡ
̫̫ߵккٺһЦץүүѪ
һ£Ѫ
Ѫ
ƺȻ׹ЩΪѪġ
Ѫʲôʱ֪
壿

ܣǲġ
ԺɿһЩ˵ֻѪʱ򱻹ܼǿˡ
Ʋ룬ܼҺͰẦ
׼˼룬վ￴ŶԷҲЩֻԭ岻Уڵ
̫̫ȶһƻûȶ֣к˹ƶ㿪εһ£̫̫ʲôһ˳Ҫ㿪Ѿ˵ˡ
꣬ŵһڣٺһЦŰƵ׹ȥһŭϵĺܷ˳
о綾һܣһһֻſϣо˿˿ʹ
һŰ߿ҽŵ̫̫һӱ˹ȥֻ̫̫ϣ̫̫ҽת˳ȥһ·ͣ£ڵϡ
굽˸š
˴ҲˣҵƵʱڵ

ҵƣվ˰ƸֹѪŸŰȥǵ֪˶˰ƲҶҪϻȥ
˻صһ·ûͣ˳һ
ȻȥϢ¸ү
أ˵ҪѪˣ˭©˷Ѫ˵˳ȥ˵˹⺦
һҪѪ͵ùˡ
ص䰲ƾڴ취ûôǹܱ֪͵ڰһֻŵİӣе˶ӵ³ǻǻŵá
ǰһƵȡ
ǵĵ֭ҩüֵҺܰ˿ʼ취Ӻȡ֭ǺܱϾޣȫɱȡ֭ǵ֭ͻԽԽ٣֪ɱŰֵ
ǣѺܹѺѶƤѹӲ.ȥÿѵ֭ÿ춼֭֭ԽԽ࣬Ҳ˳ɱ
ƲҲ˵ɺ棬ҪõѪϸһӣǹŴĺܡ
뵽ˣһ񺮣ԭúõð亹طԭıе˶ȺҰް۾кܰĲɱҪһ֮ǲܵ¡
ͣ£ƿſڣӰζó˵ӣ
ƿʱĺҲϵ䵽ϣֵ˫۷·𿴵͵Ұޡ
ǹ壬Ҳ㹥ȥĵӶŹ塣
վſڣһ֡
ͷţơ
Щ֣ȫЩƺʲôµ顣
ôˣ
峯Űߣƺ
岻ͷˣ鱾֪ôųУ
ƽյӣŹ˹ȥ
ɫһȥĵӣһסƵ󣬴˵ӡ
ı£֪ģҪûеƴľʲôûС
Ƶ֣ɫһγһ㡣
Ŀǰˣۿû˵ֻᡣ
ޣ£ʲôɿ޵ġ
˵Ҳޡ
̲סƵطϵ⣬׸
Ҳǵһοޣʱ޿ĺܶ࣬ô̲ʾǿĿޣȴҲǵһΡ
ޣ鼫
ʲô
˵ʱһ°ƵֱۣĿ
Ʊ˲ϵᡣ
ûʲô
˵ô֪˭۸ˣ˵źø˵һ£⻰Ҫ˵ģѿھˡ
˵Ҳ˵ˣûڡ
ƿʱƽ֣࣬ȥ£Ƭ̡
ҪҵѪƻǰ˵˳оȡ
˭
֣ʶ˳뵽ʲô
רҪѪģŭȻЩǡ
(δ)

ʮһ ͬס

ƿһЩ֣ˣ
ɫãĿ䣺Ҳ˴⣬β
ȥߣְס˫ȣĿʲôˣ
û뵽ô£˵Ĵ
ɫԽԽһڴͷϣŭɻͯӣ
Ȼʶ
ֹʶҪץû뵽ô󣬾Ȼ˵ע⡣
վҧҧ
뵽Щʲôתơ
ʱŷ֣ƼǱ·ˣͷҲңȻû£ؿиӡӡ
һס䣬оõϵһ緢ķ˿ˡ
ˣƵʮѿ
ҡͷǴܵʱ˵ˣҪңûᣬϴźܣо綾رСģͻȫãһܽӴϵĶҺͻ˱ʹ
ʱҰѺܷ˳ûеóѡ
뵽ʱһŭ⡣
˶Ϣ
˵ſһ۰ƣԡȥķϢڱңǿмӣڱǰ֡
һжʣģԸⱣң
ֻĽݱھҲǶĽ
طĴá
롣
£ҲΪҲ˵һˣҪ磬³Ρ
ܵõİôж
ͷǰŮˣ۽ǻᣬ뵽ƽհݵĳģĿһȻǱԼ·ˣñķ
˵깬˽ź򣬹ܼҲʲôԭֻýе֡
ү˵Ϯϸ˹
źţû뿪档
Щ˼һ˵ǰҪô̹İ·ˡ
תһ㣬ҽȥҲСˮûˣִİʵҲ˵Ҫ¿ĶҪȥӾǴ¶Ӿ£ôѣЩ
ת𴦣
һһô
Źתʱ򣬰·ԡͰ氲Ʋ˵ˡ
һᣬתȥ
ԡͰס˰ƽﰲݵҲһʡ
屾Ҳûжٸо¶ˮϵļһһֱȥ
סվ
ȥһ¡
˵Ӱƹȥƿ˳ȥ
ƴˮתȥųŵĹ壺㲻Ҳܰɣ
Ӧʱˣ ȥ棬תϴ裬·ϡ
û˰Ʋģԣֱǵ˷Ѫ
˲󼺣ĸ
·ƿ˿棬ҲֻڱϾ·ʱŻᱬ
ܱģ治֪ʲô
Լҩҩʰãƾȥҹ塣
Ҳûܰˡ
ƿһӭƸоҪˣֵ̧Ĺ򣬺ŵÿա
ǰվ˸ˣһǣΪץģվԺˣƲһ
ǹ壬˭
ʱԺǵƮѩҹƮ䣬һϮµӴ˿ɫһ˿ů֪Ϊʲôƾůġ
˵ڱůġ
ڵң
߽ûתԼȥ˰㣬æŸ˹ȥ
ǣ˶ˣү˹ȥ
ҹ˯ȣҲòȫ³˹壬ܾʱ˽
ûǹһϰš
ϰƲ˯ţоߵ˲ˣȥ
һҹûʱƵָһЩ
Щ䣬Զů͵ĵطһ굽˹Ļ
ֱסӽһȺܿ촫ȫüͷƿƣĸ
£˳ӣƸǺãת濴ſڡ
Ѫ˵¸û֪Ҳֻһ˿ˣѪ˱˿Ȼ¡
ɻͯǽˣ˵õϢżȻʲôڱ˺֣
Ľݣ
лصУĽΪ˾˶һֱۣߣҪ£Ľݺ뿪
ҹξͻܶࡣ
ƴʱĽѪˣżĽݡ
ɫ䣬Ľݣ
˭ĽݣΪδδ˵ˣ
(δ)

ʮ 

һƾûˣЩǣʱˡ
ƴӷҴ⡣
ʲô˿ԲԲ
ûʲô£µˡ
վŰƽס⡣
ǰ񣺡
ƴŰ״̬ûʲôˡ
ʣүأ
үǰԺﱣţԺȥǰԺү
ȥţùŰȥǰԺһ·ࡣ
̲סʡ

֮ǰιѪү£Ǻ˵Ѫõûм֪ƴʱ𣬲ܾô׵ı˺ˣҪС
ǾҪ⼸һŲ顣
ǵһ
δ˵ڰͽɱΪʲôүûʹҲû͸¶֮εܹŹ֡
£үȻԸûԸȴаš
νİţ
Ǻû˵Ҳγ£Ѫйء
Ѫ£Ҳ֤˰뷨
ҡͷɫء
ү飬֪Ĳ࣬ΣүҺ͹ܼҶڣǸҲļ˿ˣҲڸﴫˣ˭©д֤¾᲻үͰ˵ȥ
ĹģүĹҲʱǣ¡
Ƶͷһŵģֻ⸮ȷʵ٣Ҳ˽⣬Ҫ뺦ңҲпܣϾȥЩʹ޵顣
ĻڹΪԭЩƵоڹ
õĽ֮Ů֮ǲǿɱǿɺޣ
û˵ֻǿһ۰ƣģôԣ
ֻǣα£²ȥ֡
˵ֻ鸴Ӹӵ²ˡ
ƿ˵˵õҺܱǸҪɱңҵҲԸ⡣
˵갲ƲȰ𾪹Ѿǰȥˡ
˵֪
̫Ķ飬ð²ȥ֡
ǷծǮɱ˳쾭£Ҳں
˭ԭǷأ
ǰԺȥ壬ŰƳŹ帣˸ү
˵밲ڶˣ߰˸˵ʦҲһ˱Թģ͵ǰĿ䣬ͬʱҲҪһͽУڵ£ȵϹʱõ
غʼҵ棬Ҳú
½˹壬䲻Ը⣬ÿʡ
ʱ˶࣬˵Ҷ̧ͷƣƲδƽϣȷʵոʧŮ
檸ү밲Ƹ˸ӣǹɡ
̧ƣɴһɫ·á
ʣ˯ˣ
лүģ˯ˣ
«ʲôͻʲô
˵˵ͷˣ̵࣬ļ
Ŀԣ޶һҺҲûôʲô
ôʣżʡ
ƻصˣүô
ˣɣ˱ﱾ
˱忿ľ񻨵̫ʦϣйƤһһ͸ûͷһӡ
ԭӶׯжȣ˿̱ϻ˸ˡ
Ƴһ£˹ȥһ¿ڣѹµǱ˱򿪣ͷһĿʮе󿴡
ⶫƲᣬУֵĶĿǵҲʵ
оҵʱ򣬺öණ˿ʣӣһֶҼ㹫ʽǧ򻯣û
ƿһʣλʦĿ
̧ȥһĨ⣬Ҳ᣿
ڵڷɨӣһλ͵ʦæ˵¡
ƿȥͷһԴϺӣСʮţԣСʮš
ʦæ˵¼ǵôࡣ
ƿһҳЩһġ
ƿ۲ɫĹ壬ɡ
Ƶͷ˵˸ǣʦ֪˶ǵ֮ϵ۷Ǽʮش飬ʼҺ;̫Ҷӣ׼ѰأҲ٣©
һԴǺûǲãʲôĳɫʵ
ʦϻش𣺡ϵȣ
ţǾںעϵȣЩӣҪдһЩʮţǺ黹Ǻ飬ǲǱأɫ𣬹жҪдƴ˻һ˶̧ͷƣǹҲڿ
ʦо㵣ȴҲ̲סͷס
ǿҹ飬˼ֲ²⣬ǰ֮ɽǰƱǣҪúÿ
ĻħŮľŮƵĸ㣡
֪ҶǴˣҲʲôеĵطͿߵλүҲǳصġ
˱ǲΪЩëƤС丮ЩˣϣǾˡ
(δ)

ʮ ҪҶ

˱һᣬЩᡣ
ʣ£
ǰսӦĸΪ׼һЩҪȥЩڲ߶ǰʲô£ǹֵ꣬ʱͬһȺ˵ҪѪ治Գš
ҲҲӦˣҪš
߲С
ˣȻŵ̬
ʵǰƵ̬һء
ԼҲˡ
ҩĿûУȷʵ£ۿڼʼϵ飬á
ûҩĿⱻҿˣôȥҲûȥĸΡ
Ʊĵһ仰ɫһҩĶˣҪؼȥ᣿
㰲ȷʵÿλؽҩİ˹Ҳϣ˵ȥҪҪˡ
ߣҲ˵
Ҫıɲ
ǵǣֻһЩδǰѾѽҩõĲ࣬׼Ǽսֲã׼ҩҲʲôʮ𼱵飬ȻᰴͰ࣬ÿᵽճȥҳ飬˭ǵҩĿ飬һȥҲͷˡ
ƽｫҩĳ춼һֲٰ죬Ҳûȥٰ졣
Ҹոǰ˵ȷʵЩףֻһżүͿҷһҪҼƽˡ˵Źش
ϸ۲찲ϵı飬Сˣ;͸Ĩһĺܡ
ûʲôʱ䣬һȥҩĿ⿴û˵
Ӧ˰ƵûĸмȥҩĿ⣬ҪҲûС
Ȼ˵ˣҲûٶԡ
лү
Ƶлߵһվţ뵽˾ţݣվƺҲã˵ȥŰɣ˳㿴˱ҲˣЩۻҡ
ǡ
ȥ£һ˱Ҳרע
һԹľЩݡ
ƿһһٶȽϿ죬ȷûŵһߣ֪Ǳ˸ˡ
Ӽ޽ʼͱˡ
ȥƶĽ̬ȣп޵״̬ûɵһƣ˸˱ؿ
һ£˱ǿ©ˡ
οıȽ棬˻û⡣
Ʋ꣬ˡ
ү檿ˣȷû⡣
ư˱ԭⲻĻȥŹļ顣
һ˱
һ꣬Ŵ˹ȻвҲС
һ˱һĿʮеȥȥġ
ΪڿǵٶҲ࣬һȥץһʱ򣬲Сֻһ
΢΢һ£ץŹֱһ𣬹ľ͸èצץһ£̧ͷȥ˻ȥ
檲ǹġ
һίװĺ޹±ѡ
忡Įһ˱ȥȥδᰲƣȴ뵽ոձ΢Сץһ£ľ;ָоأ챻һ²࣬һֱĿڡ
޶˺ְ˱ӵϣϿŲˡ
ƿȥ۾Ϣ
û˯ðɡ
˿Ϸŵ˱ư˱һļһһЪ
ƿǰ˱ˣûʲôһ£˶࣬ȫ˱Ҳ䡣
棬ʱҪӽʼһ趼û
Ҳ֪Ϊģϵ˱ҲУϵ˱ҲǣҶæױ߷Сİ˱ӵ鷳
ˣûлҲǺϺ
Ʊӱ߹һѾޣֲһط
ѪҺˣֻȵѪҺͨĿһЩҲůˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򣬰ת֮ʣϹ˫ҹһ޼ʵ۾
΢΢һ£ЩţĿ궯ĸоˡ
үƲԾĸ˸ӣԼˡ
оԽƵˣģҲܱ.ٿء
ɡ
ȥǰֹ̧Ҫ֣ƵķӦǿģ̷ŵ˫ֱɫϾ·һܴ⣬˫۶¶ŵǡ
ɫһյͣ£ŭڵĿһۣ
˿¶ȣȫŭ⣬ƸܵЩȫ湬壬ָʱ򣬻ǹɵĺá
ֻó̳Ƶ͵ǰƵֱһֻסһûվȵ˹ȥ
һ죬ϣϺһ£һƬ
ͷȥƴץס֣ŵĿ
̧°ͣҪҶ㣿
(δ)

ʮ ƶ

꣬Ƕ㲻£
үҲ
šҪֱۻоһ£𶯡
̲Ҷˡ
ĵĿҲֻԼ֪
һ˱һŮϣ𶯣Ǻʲô
ûԹ⣬Ҳܣﶼôݵġ
εĿű𴦣ôݵģ
ѰƵ°Ͱϸԭ֮ǰʮʱΪô£
㣬֮ǰıֶװģʵЩá
Ҳͼ˼һ£˵ȥˮȻС˿ڱ߹شֻ὿߳檣ٲ£ķ裬үϲҲ֮е顣
֪£䲻үܺǸж㣬Ҳʡү檻ˡ
սûɵŭͷʣװģôʲô
ޱ꣬ôôѣ
үүģҲġֻ֮Ҫ˾С
ҹźͿˣʲôˣҪúõĽ̵һ²С
ŰƵ°ͻ˻Σ۵ޣ꣬ôʲôҪң
үˣҲˣүʳǲװģ檲װģ֮ǰС£񳤴ˡƽ͡
忴һһϵ촽뵽Ĵֱս볢ȥſڴүС
漴ɿְѰƷſſȥ
Сȥƫ
ǡ
ƺ˿ˣ
ȥɣȥˡ
һֻۿҪȥֻˣһת˻
ٲȻû뵽ĽŸ˸ӣ㵵ı飬ſȥ
ȥԸС㣬ܱ¶Ըĺá
ŰѾǵ飬һ·ȥƫ
ƫƽƶѾ棬ɫĺãţ»һĨˣжʱ䲻ƶ࣬Ҫ֪ΪʲôΪƶǴһ
С㡣
Űȿڣƶſڣǰ˲ɵһߣתʱ۵Ѿ¶ķŭƶŭ⡣
ƶȻŭ⣬ȴʮ
ȻʲôݣʱѰƷ
϶㲻õģҲǻϵĶ䣬ǶϲƾʲôҪɢ
ƶ޲ɱ˰ƣ֡
ʲȥ
ƿƶס֣һΣʱŮ˶ôˣһˣҪһ
Сˣ衣
ƿ߽ƫ˵ע˵ϣȻĿƶ
ʱˣȻҪó˵̬
ƶյͲƣҲͲˡ
ƶô̵תƣأ
üĿæҲ֪ڼȷʵûʱС㣬С԰꣬ºȲ裬ȵˡ
ƱĲᣬӿҲ٣Ƥӵ²˵ãҲˣ㲻Ҳ͵㲻ڰɣȻҲӡ
ƶ÷ѹ
˭֪ʧˣԭͥУʽ
ϱ̫ѹһ䣬ȻõģҲðտ˻ϵĶ䡣
ȴܾˣЦҲ˶ܵĵطһˣܵǣ
ƶôޣ
ҲģûϵķѹƶһڰƾеڣҪǱ浽ɲСѳڸˮգҲֻóס棬ЩηĽ͡
˵ʲôƶߡ
ƾ֪ƶѾŭͷˡ
ԥһ£һ²һ£ƻ˵С㣬үȷʵæСҵȵȣȥѯүʱ䣬үӴС㡣
վƶ߾뿪ƶŰһӡ
Ҳû뵽ôڳĿ֮£ƶǵĵһŮȻ顣
ûվȣһ³ŵ˹ȥƳڱ̲סһ
ƶǹЦĺܵ⡣
ʧ룬ȥæѾڰƵʱһӰ˲䵽һδӵϵһ˵Ļ˿Ϊǰˡ
վˣһ⣬壿
ү
ƱĽ뿪
ɿֿƶʱƶʧɫһż
(δ)

ʮ 

ƵûжĽ⣬ûˤѾˡ
ڴʱƶ˵ûһѵѾˣϾƶûܳΪġ
ƶ޵滨꣬ĽոһĻ϶Ǳˣ̫ˣԺôദ
ƶæʲô»Ǹ˵ƶȥɡ
˵깬תȥƶȻסˣת˳ȥ
ү˵˸̸ҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ƶ뿪ʱɫͣߵſûߺˤһӣûǰȥţҲûʡ
ƶʹӵһĻҪүʱϵͻˤ
Ļ
ƶӵϻѾ˲жǱææ
뿪ں͡
ſڿԶԶ뿪εҡҡͷŮııһϲ֮˵ġ
ԭƶʵûʲôֻԭһЩƶһЩ
׻˵ŵĲ´Ьġ
ԭײĳƶȴֿտա
Ӽ˻ҧأοˣ
ƶǼˣ
ת׼ȥԺվĹ壬ԥһ£ȥ
ү
嵹ûж˵ʲôˣתȥ˵һ䣺ˣԷɡ
æŸŹȥʸոûпƶʹӵ飬߰˻ȥʳΣҪʶٶԵö࣬ƶǻʺˣǰһţҲ𱸡
Ǹ汳ģʲôʵģ
ùպҪţñ˶֪
˷һԷ
˶ܰĲһźš
ϹܼҴӦƶ׷һ׷һڲˣԵĲֺ
͹ԷĺôûԵ٣ٺóԵζҲڡ
ǰƣԶ٣ȫĿζ
Ա˰Ʋ˲죺үã檳Ժˡ
ſӸûԼڣûƳԶʵһˣѰ˼ҵŮӣԶ
ȥ忴ƳԶװһŤŤӣȫ
˰ɣҲԺˡ
ȥǰƸһ
;ƹȣ죬ŲȻһͬ
ʹһҲһ£Ҫ˿Żǰ䡣
忴ͣ££
ү²飬²ˡ
Ϣˣ
߽ȺͰƴ񣺡
á
á
Ͳڣȷʵͬˡ
ǰΰæ°ͰݣʱòǱˡ
ºү檸ˡ
Ҳ֪Щ飬ֻ̫׼ĶҪ׼ãͻήмԴȥ̫
뿪ȥҩĿǱߣ׼ȥ
峯ǱƽĿһۣʶȤĺܣ
Զ忴ͣ˵ɡ
үѾ̽Ӷ֪ûж֪飬˵֪ڲ.ͯӲ˻Ų˻ô֪ģ룬Ȼ˵͸¶ǵģ͸¶ˣزʲôͨˡ
룬˼ȻûаɢȥһʲôԭŶԣʲôԭʱ벻ס
ˣȻйϸϵġ
Ӽ޽ڣ´ûѪˣǽˣҲ˵д̽Ȼ֪ϰҽ˵飬ҲǺţΪҽ飬Ҳ֪
˵ڽʱӦûùѪ
Դֻˡ
ֻùתƽһһ֣ѵҲ֪ԼѪãֱˣײ֪ġ
ҲҪ飬ʹӹܼҿʼɡ첽뿪ͺ͹ܼ£ܼһ㵣æҪȥҹ壬뻹Ƿˡ
ү˵һҲûãɡ
ͲɣҿʼܼԸϡ
֣ûз֣үߵĺż
ܼҰһ뿪ķԼĪһ᣺үҹҹ飬֪
үҹҲ֣һҹҲǾˣ
ү𽻴ǿָܼ
в֪ĵȥү뷽跨Ҫȴǿ
ˣ
ƵҩĿ⣬ſһᣬƶɭϣȻֻҩĿ⣬ûйӣҲȥ
ſվŵȻû̬Ҳ䵭
ȥ˲ţҪŵӡ
ӣҪҪȥҹҪһӵʱˢˢĵͷү
תȥѾǰ
檼үεĸ˸ӣոշֿ滹Ҫ񣬹ŴŮ˿Ǳ
ЩôôֵǮ
ޱƽȵģûиߵ͹֣֮˹ŴŮ㰫һأҪ͸ȢС檣Ҫװܸˣ˯Ҫˡ
ŴŮˣʵɱһЩ
ǵ˰˱ӵùˣԽطԼ
ôˣʵͣոյûü˵үˣպһȥɡ
һ㵣ư˵ˡ
(δ)

ʮ ҩĿѡҩ

ͷʣȷô
ոչʱǿģΪ״˵ʲôûзЩİˡ
үǸոպ˵֪ĺ
ʣأ
˵ֻܳϣϣܻΪ˵ѱ
㲻ϣҲԵһң
ƵŹѣֻһ̹忴ԺҩĿƹܡ
ǡ
֮ÿѾҩĿ⣬Ƽæ˽ȥ
ҩĿҪȽҩĿһҩĹؽ϶࣬Ҳȫ
˵ҩľӶ࣬һֱÿѯҩģҲֻǲȡߣĻҲȷʵûУսƲ𺳣ҩĿ⣬ȻǷͬ졣
ߵҩǰ򿪿ҩģץһţϵȡ
ǰΪӦҰĻϤҰĸҩģжһҽҩģԶҩİΪϤ
ϺӣƿʼѰҪҩģѩΣ棬ٺϣӡ
ҲʲôҲҩģҲ
ưҵҩķźãȥûҺġ
һ޴˲Σ˰ƵĿ⡣
վ˲ǰ˲οǱô˲ΰҲǵһμ
ʣ˲οգ
ţ˲ǼƷֻǳ˶ֻ֪ڷ֪á
ô
дһ˿ƾ֪ô󷽵ˣӲĻ
ҲûжĽͣЩˣĽͣ粻͡
ߵߣȡϵŵԵһĿ
Ե㹬ʱҲ˽⣬ȷʵһζҩģҩüֵܸߣҲá
ǶʱЩ˽⣬ΪЩҪˣ
 Ƭ̣ǿдԵлعͷʣѵҪûؼȥģ
ôʣϻش𣺡Ȼǡ
ôָĿһ۰ƣ뿪ǧϲΣؽТģһƬТĵϣǿ͸
ôģƿɲţ
Ȼһֱ˻δ̲ʱ˲ȴ󲹵ĶҪٳԣҵϣү԰˲͸ңΪ̫̲ա
Ŷ
Цתȥһ¡
ƾ֪ô˵
ȷʵҪ˲Σҩ̫á
ôһ겻ңҩһʱˡ
ǻһᣬԡ
תȥ壬ʣүҪܰ˲ң
Ǻ˼ɫ䡣
үȻþˡ
ҲûӦ£˵ˣëܣ
ȻãֻǱ׼ĸ󡣡嵭
үͰɡҲǿͽҪġ
ֻ˵Ļǲãǰſڵ˵ҩĿԺƹܣһ£һ˲ζˡ
´Σǲˣ
ȥҩģƲãһ׼һЩź׼뿪
ۣЩ
治Ҫ˲ˣ
ţ㹻ˣûеȥҡ
ѹָæһϲζ᲻õˣָʲô
ҩĿⲻҪȥңһķŵϲϣҪԸû뵽ô졣
ʱ͸ӬһȫӦĲϲ£̲£²
ⲻ²̬ȣ˾
ţҪңʣµľͱȽŪˣүæҿԼȥңðҲɡ
뵽Ӧ̫飬ʱȣôҪһҪȻ޷
ֲˣҹˣ忴˾ŮôƱ䣬Ҫȴ˵
Ѳҹ͵
ȫ뷨Σ֮ˡ
Ҫ׼һУȻ޷ĸ󽻴Ҳ֪꣬£͸˵ĳʱһ㡣
Ӧ˶ãѯʡ
û˵ʱ䣬ұոĸ׼һĸ⣬̫ãʧȥġ
Ҫ׼ϴ飬ϴҪõΣһЩݣõҩĲֻ࣬һ
֪Уֻòꡣ
üͷĪ߱ϲһ
ҡͷǡ
ҵҩģƳˡ
忴һϲΣ漴˳ȥ
繬廹ҪȥĿҲûʱŰȥҩġ
㱾ȥ ĿϱȥҩġϰһȥǰƵû뿪Ĵ㡣
ʱѾϽа

˰ƵǰȳŹ棺СѾ˻ȥɫá
š
岢δᡣ
Ʋ֣ôͻȻô鱡
ƶһ𳤴˵ܾͲˡ
ƣкηԸ
ھȥȥ˵ҪһɫСƿӣƿӸҩģҪ̫ãκʧ˳ҸҽʱͻȥҪúóԷú˯úԡ
ηԸһãȻȥҪŰ
ɻ󣬰תȥ£û뿪һֱŰ
ͽľ벻ԶӱȥļҲ죬һҩʧѯʰ顣
һһȥ˳ȥ
Ҫ˵ǹˣ壬˱ȥ˻ʹҩƿʵ⡣
Ƶͷҵ壬ǻ죬ѧϰȥˣɻϼʮһյĺ񰮣˸ж
ӹ壬ƨĵʱⶼУ
Ƶ׵ĺܣϵн죬벻ģ֪ɽأ
ϵȻֶΣ
ҰҷЩƿƿ޹޿˸ҰᵽƫʱȣһҪֽ㣬ҺʵѾͷҰţҲҪƫҲǲʱȣҩƿְƴȷһ£漴Ը
ǡ
ԣǰհƷԸȥġ
ƷԸˣŸŹȥǰǱߡ
һ·޻Űȥǰ򣬹ŵĵطΪ磬һ߿ʼ׼
ǰҪһЩֻռһС飬Ķ塣
һʼʦŰƳ¶ˡ
޶˿Űˡ
㿴ҿ㣬۹۱ǱǹģʼĦү˼
ȷʵ仯Щ仯Ҳǰǰƶӵоү治ˡ
ʦǵͷʼæµǽԼǱߵ飬ƿƿ޹ޣСѾͷ
(δ)

ʮ ָ㸮ҽ

ƴСѾͷʮ꣬øɸɾ
ֻ£һү˵Ҫүʹ͡˵Լǲˣֻ˵ˡ
ūһ߾ܣΪү¡СѾͷǼūһӾͺùˣɡ
Ȼܳ裬ϾнţСи˸Ƕ
˵ˣվȽŸҲı¡
ϹܼҶгҲʱرȥԹ׼˵һ֣пȡ֮ġ
ܸңպҲͺùһЩˡ
棬͵ȵļūǽС˿ǣЩģȻҪȢˡ
ү£ֻҪܼһ仰ǲҲﻹкӡ
ܸһЩ˵׼ԼѰһ䡣
ۿ˼˵ͣǲȡĹ˭Ҳӡ
ǰʱһãΪ˹˹ܼһ£ܼҾͰѽ˲򣬽ÿһϣǼ޸˲򣬶ѾʮˣȻʵȴǽҪ޵ˡ
ҪǰǵԸ⣬ϧû˶䣬Ҳֻܼҵİš
ǣѵãȻǸϧ
ȵšƷԸȥҪصʣɫģ߷ֿ
ȥ졣ת뿪ܿ׼˹
ָӣ˹ϡ
ưʴߺϣ˽ȥ
ʦǿ۲ɫһֱĿүͷ¡
ֻʦֱֹү֮ദԽԽǢˡ
ǴǰĪ˵ڣǽ˵仰ᱻүӳȥ
Ҳʼĸֹ򣬰վʱ
֪֪ûвϣѯʣ̧ͷ棬Ȼü
ʱûвϵģ϶ǴУҪʲô
Ҫ룬һҪʵġƾеΪѰˣ˵Ҳǰ˵
Ҹļλҽѯһ£û֪ϵ顣
ȥҸĸҽ˵̡
ǡ
ҲףһЩҩŪҩۣʲôתȥҸҽ
ҽ½½밲ȥơ
µȼҽ񣬰ƲСڣʣΪҽ֪УҪġ

ҽǷ׷ҡͷֻһԥһʣҪҲʲô
Ҫ²˿֪һֲϣжϣڶ˿Ӵϼ룬Ҳ֪ûС
ǿԿ϶ģǶҲ˿ģҺ֮ǰҲǼģֻǲ֪˴ûС
ҽԥһ£µļһЩϣֻǣǲ˿롣
ģ
ĸܣû뵽С
ҽоҪˡ
ʲôˣжţ֪Ҫʲôˡ
ѯʣλҽ֪ȥĺϣԸ⣿
Ƕһ£Ŀ
ҽһǣʵڼªҺԽ㿴
Ȼзִ磬ЩҪõģǮԸңҿԸ
Ĳãջسҽ°ƣٲά裬үҪ֪ҽŻôӣֱܾ˵
Ҳ֪˲£Ҳ⡣
ҽĺģԼģҲȥа취ġ
ҽҲʵǴɽץġ
Ǵɽץģ
ʮ¡
ô˵ʮкϣЩ˷ܡ
ҽͷʵϿҩץ˺ҪҩģµĸѾԴ꣬£һֺĳӣɷĩҩĻȥЧ
ҪʵѴ
£һƬТıȻʮкϣǱԼȥץǣҽĸ׵ȿԹʲλҩ
뵽ʲôȥʣ˶᷸ͬĴ󣬾ҪϵĳԺúȺãһЩö
ǶЩ̲˲ס
ҽ΢΢һ£ãͽ̡
šʲȣҽƽȻТˣĸ׵ʳǾչˣ˵Ļ˲Σ轣ۣ̲Ҳܶ࣬һΣĻãǴĻЩ̲ӿ
õĻ
ж֣ǲҩ£ֿԵֿԵĻȾ˷纮̵裬дƣװģһδεĿؿʹҹȵʱΪأ֪У
ˡҽĿ࣬˶ĲԼĸ׵Ĳȴס
෽ѰҽûôҪúϡ
ձ⣬Ȼéٿ
ôˡ
ƼʹˣȣҲֺк𣬺һЩпɣĸ׵ϣǻ˲ɡ
øʲݼɣҽڱȽϹôܰԼĸκá
ҡͷʲʺҩԵĶ˱ȻԣȥԻԡ
ô죿ҽżˡ
˼Ƭ̣ʲݿЩĸҪѲҩÿѩˮÿΣûζһη۵ζÿҪΪĸ׼ϣСôһ飬˯ǰ׼һϢ
һ¿ɡ
ֻ
ţʲݲҪԣÿҪˮ
ȥԡ
ҽˣĸҽȻҶǴ򣬵ǼҼбľνҽ߲ҽ
ҽĸ׶Ĳ֢δõ֤ҽжŵģۼ
ôġ
ưڰ֣ûˣλҽأ߶ţλⲻˡ
ҪͿİѸҽǴˣҽȴûֱ
˵λȥλذɡ
ҽ໥һۣͷûߡ
ʣλ£
µĶʱ˾ţɵڼÿ˳Է˯֪һɲ֪ˣ֪ûʲôӣǸҲãϻ۹ˣҽ˵ãָһ·¸мҽһλͲСģʮģͷϿƵĺͰ˵
һ꣬Ǵûῴ񾭲ҽ˵Ļһ˴̼Ż᲻ԲˣųԱ֢ˡ
λҽ˵ĿԱ֢ǴûԱ֢ȴͨʵش𣬲뵢鸮ҽĶӡ
Ա֢ҽû˵ֲֲһ㵣˿ͬš
Ҳ֪Ŵ˶Щֻӽ͸ҽʲôԱ֢ž˴̼ˡ
(δ)

ʮ 

װ˵ЩʲôҽݺᣬӲ˲ᣬ㺿޳
ƿźǲҽ߸ĸģҽҽãҲǺܺá
ʣ֪ɶ󣿡
ʮˡҽ˲ᣬڴ
˼Ƭ̣ҵǿԸ㿴ҲҪűغõϣֲҼĲ٣Ǿ£и˿Ҳлģӵʱ̫ãǾͲ˵ˡ
ֻҪܰ¿ԸһȥʮҺϣʵ¶ԺҲ֪һġΪ˶Ҳǻȥˡ
һ꣬ץĺϣҲҪ²С
ɣҶӴȿ˵
ãȥ
ҽ׷˵Լ飬Ȼץϵ.ơ
ǲ˵ʲôȥˡ
λҽûиλҽȥץϣҲȥץϵģĵȴ˼ޱˡ
丮ҽǷ׷ײֻ˵λİæҲæλ°ææˣæλλΣ
һǷҲͲץʲôˡ
ץֲȼ۵Ľϲ´Ҳˡ
໥һ˴ͷʵ֪£µҪʲô
λҽиֵҩģĥɷĩʮֺʱֱҪĥϸ࣬ͬǸλԵһˮʱҪоҩĵɰʴֲڡ
ѾͷѾȥ˺ܶʱ䣬ҲõķҪͿĩ֪λʲôõķʡʱʡЩ
ƴ˻һҽǷ׷һΪʲô£ȼ򵥵飬Ȼֵһᡣ
ҷ׷ȥƵҩģ࣬Ҳá
һ£ܹʮҩģиҽ˵ҵȾ֣ĥ󽻸ҿҵĥķĩ⡣
ҲãǾͷλˡ֮ãҽǶǱ²СϴˣȻиԵıµģĥҩҲʲô¡
СѾͷҪ㰢ȥѡĴƿӡ
ѧϰôЩҩĥϸķĩܲһδεˣֻȥúõѧϰˡ
˶󣬺ܿʮҩı˷ĩưмЩҽַҲ͵ʦѧգǳˡ
պ˷ĩƽʡ˲ʱ䣬ʱҽҲѼĲ˴˹Ϊ˽£ҽ
˭͸߷űīֽ⣬һһҩ
ֻ֣Ҫ룬ְסԷԶɨ裬ܿóԷʲô
ǰ漸֮ƿĶܿ죬ҩҲˣǸģƶҩȻβãȥ˲ǿҩʹ࣬ȶȴԡ
ǰӱԱյǸƿԷᣬüĿľԱˣЩĲ̣ῴЩⲻȥ
Сҽһڡ
˵°ɣǲܺãȿɡ
ҽæö£ưסɨһ£Żع
ҽæʣСܺô
ҽΪʲôŻܴ̼ģɨԷԲʱϵͳʾû⣬˵û֮Գֲ̬װġ
ҽ²֪顣
ҽһΣ˵ԭҪԶεģҪ̳µ²ڼѧϰҽⲻ֪Ը⣬һŭ֮ˤ谮Сһ¾ͳ
˵¸ҽһʹ
һ۶ԷŸҽ˵ã
ҽסҽ
Ȼа취ģ廹ϵˣȻǾҪ
ҽʣô⣿
һһˤСųҪǰԼˤȻûˡ
ҽ׻
ưй۲ǰ꣬Ȼޱ飬۵ȴһĨ㵡
ٽԶˤСܴǾҪһδУĴûʲôˤˣ޵ֻ㡣
ҽŶӣʣô
ҽݺᣬƿģǷծǮɱ˳ɱСΪˣҲͺˡ
ҽһ£Ҷܺô
ƵͷܺãҽҿԼˤãҾˤڵ˶֤
ҽŶӼݺ᣺ֻҪҶܺãҲֵˣƭңҲŹ㣡
ƵͷĸǽϣȽȥһ׳ߴĴ취ȥˣ壬ʮа˾ǻɵģǲȱǡ
ΧëȻȻδ䣬Ȼ˵˺ݶײеĻȡֵġ
ҽ˲δоʲôοĵͷãȥҪҶӡ
ȥɣһտ
˵ȥӴ߳Ǳߵʦڿɱεָɽ׸ıƣͲǺˡ
Ƶǲô룬塣
֪Ϊʲô֪Դ뷨
(δ)

ʮ ֮

ĿԭĿĹЩ⣬ڿĿƺʣһˣĺרע
˶ڿΨ忴˱
Ƶ̧ͷʼû̧ͷ
ֻøȥ棬ת󣬹建̧ͷıӰֿ棬ûʲôˣֻиҽǸˡ
棬ҽѾȥǽϣ׼ϴˤ
Ʋ̾Ϣĸ֮¿ɼɶŮ֮δظ춯ذ
ˤһֻȻд鼱֮£֮ʱĵľȻǵġ
ҽ޵ݺᣬϲƣ˫ѾȾ׷
Ӳʮ꣬ĻҲʮ꣬Ŵ˻磬Ҳǿܵģȴϳӡ
ᣬҲһ仰ܵȥ׼Ѱˡ
Ƕĥ˸ôãȻްɼŮ븸ĸף˭
ʱѾ˻ڰС˵ͷ˳ȥ
ǵĴ͸㳥ҪúõĻšҽһ߿һ
´ʱ͸˰ƣòװӣֱˡ
ϹܼһҪֳģææȥҹ屨š
үȥɣַˡ
̧һ˱æպ÷䣬˵һҽҲұ
⣿
ܼҲֲˣү˵Ļ
ƽգڣȻҪϳͲģҲ˵Ź
ôվȻ˵
ܼҲԣﳤȥ
̧ͷ˵˶ȶ㿪øҽˤҪˤ

պôǰ˵Ҳ̲סŰǱ߿ȥ
ʱһ棬ׯȻͬ·ȫȻ
ת̧ͷ˳ŰƵĿ⿴ȥҽѾңϵұҲοһ綬˿ҡҡ׹ҽʱܵ
üͷ壬ûסߵ˰ȥŵƵķ㣬ͷʣŪ˱ԺӣȻԴɨ
Ʊŵһ£תȥү
岻ȥ̧ᷴͷϷСˡ
΢΢һ죬εүȻǴ¹Ȼүۡ
Ҳûʲô˵ģô˶û飬忴ˣҲ
֪ôģǸҽҲǾͨҽѰø·ҽҲˡ
帺ֶ䡣
±ʲôѪѾɾ޴鷳֪ɨ˵壬ǸѰˡ
ˣֻܻ˵ֻ̽һ£зӦµġ
š
岻ÿɷ񣬴ʱ˵
ϸҽһˡ
˵һɴ˾Уŵòҿ
Ҳͷһºİ˻£һӲסˣˤǿһ
ǰһӰٳ֣Ѹҽס
ҽŵ۷ףȫ鴤ˡ
ȫأһ
峯ŰȥЩ
Ϊʲôȥû֣Ҳԡ
ǰȻһ
ǰתȥǰ񱼶

ܳ󵽴תˣѰɣͲˡ
ǰƾһţӺ
Ƕδĸӣھñطꡣ
źʼææµµ
ƿʽȥưһЩʻĻŵһ𣬿ʼõҩҩƣһչһĵ飬һߵһ߷һĩ档
ߵߣݵɢ
ƿ壬˸ӣү
嵭Ƴһ۰ҩĶʲô
õࡣ벻ʲôΪõ廨ĻƬ϶࣬ڱȡ˸֡
ʣͿĨϣ
š
Ƽæµ岻ţվһ߿
ûãҽŶӴŸҽæ¡
ߵл
ҽ̧ͷҲڣæŰݼ
¼ү
һԵæŹ£ү
忴һ۰ƣûᣬȥ档
Ҳû̫࣬æⶫҪһǳɣҲЪţܹһ
޳𲻸ӣϧ͸໥ݣλȥԷĲףҪԶûдж־ķҪк֮־ȥܿ۽磬֪ĸĺã⣬ףڼҵĺãһˮ㶼֪ȡ
Ҫ֪ĸڲԶΣײĪ˸ĸˣŶøĸĺá
ҽ뷨ǶԵģðһǰ̣ʲôطиտˣʦʦв˳ҲԴϬǡ
ֻҪɵĺ㣬Ҫ뿪ߣֻǰߣʲôϢ
ȥ۽磬ʱȻһΪγο
վ棬Ƶһ΢΢üתʣһ
(δ)

ڰʮ ҹ

ҽӱͷʹޣߵʱл˰ƣƿҲû
治ĸĶûշ£ȫˣͷһðº䵽չ棬һж׷ˡ
֪߰ûˣû˴ͿרһЩˡ
Ҳ֪ʱ߶˸ˡ
һӸ˲ͷĺƲҿΪǰҸүҲˡ
ֳһ£뿪תûɵĲһ£æȥ档
忴˿һԣȥϵȡ
ʱڰƲˣɿҪˣ˼ȥ
ã°ƵĿûһ
תȥˣæȥ
̲ʣˣ
һȻүô
ʵ仰ô߽˾ֻһ֮ңָ߳ͷƶʱѹȸмǿ
ˣҪ㿪Ƚһŵˤȥɫһһסƣֱ۳ֱ꣬ӵ˹ĻŵûʧɫҪƿ
ү
죡
ੲݵС죬ͺܲˣ۳ܣǲ֪
Ʊֱӱ˳ȥʱѾˡ
ǰ⻹кܶƱ屧סһ㵣ͬʱҲ׷׵ͷȥ
˵ҿߣү
סģҪ
Ȼͣ£׼ѰȥʣǱһֵķ£
ŵһס·Զȥ
ǡ
ջȥŰƼߡ
Ʋ˵ñӵˤôֻ÷ĴڹĻ
ƿƱŵϣ뿪ȥš
æˤ
תʱ򣬰ƾڴ齱߶ţվ
ʣôˣ
ҡͷ֪
Ƕ࣬ҲˣƵȺ̫ãվû
֮ǰ¹Ƶ鸡ڹԺУת˵ô
һ£漴˵һֱںԺûг
ҲòǰݣоȽųҶ
ôϣó룬롣
ȥƸоöˡ
Σ
֪ı£
һӲãվ̫óԲˣȽŶʼǴ󲡡
һ£תߣ˫סϥʣû£
ţû£лүģᵹǳȰ࣬˫ȳ
Ϊ˸˪Ҳǻȥˣվôòȷˣطû졣
꣬ӿʲôʱǸͷǶŽݵˡ
ûʲô忴ݣǣҪû»̾
˵ûɵһʱôˣ
ţû¡
ʰ鳯Ź忴ȥ˵үʱ磬Űɣ
һƣ˵ˣ
ǻ᲻Ϊ꣬ԲϾԷģȻѾæµˣȻҪЩġ
ˣ׼šҲȷʵˣŲƽϡ
ǿվƸΪˣԭ岻ãҲˣôоʱҪƵġ
үԡ
ϴˮԣϾˮ硣
Է㣬ԡ㣬ҪΣҪˣõүܲһһô
ճһ캹ϴˬһЩƽ͡
˷ϴɡ
ߵǰ£ŰǱ߿ȥſš
үűˡ
ɡ
Ŷ룬͵뿪ҲֻҪԡĴ㣬̶ߵǰ¡
ǺõĲˣƣлеġ
ԭ岻ãЩƣ£Ϣһ¾ͻû£Ҳصġ
үԷɡ
ǶˣҲ˼ȳԣֻ˵˼ˡ
ʱӣ˵ˡ
ҲͲٿС뿪ʼԷ
ԷٶȲ죬ҲŤŤ󣬿˱ʵ
һڣܳڣ³ҡ
Ƴ¿ӣ˵үҳˡ
š
˳ƷĿӣٷǳԹˡ
һ۹ɾ룬ͬˣػɣǺ糤ġ
ֻڣôǸˣ㷹
Ʊʾ
˳꣬Ը׼ԡԡͰ׼һ£ȥԡ
Ҳϰˣ·ʱֻҪתȥԡ
һȷʵȫҪа˼ȥײǽ
ԡͰһסŤͷԡͰֱֽĳطҲࡣ
Ǻ.ɫ֮ˣŰգûӦǲ
ΪιȥûУ
ƼûߣתŹϴ裬һϴ衣
Ƶļӳ뵵ˮɢ·һſżˮ顣
Щô
˵Һܿ졣

סתϲϿĹ壬Ƕ˼ͣ뻹˾ӣ֪ӡ
ֻϧԭЩƵоȻЩġ
ſԡͰȥ·׼뿪
˷תȥһסƣ˴ԡͰӽ⿪˹һ𣬹˫ڵ䵽󣬰ӱڹĻ̧ͷʱ磬ſŵ
(δ)

ڰʮһ ͬ

űƿĶ˶бգһ£Ҳգ۾
סжϽ
ŹϣѰңһ˵ôûˣ
ţûˮǲڡһ˵
ܣӵϢ
ˣѾжϡ
·¹סһˣ·˸ڰϣֳϵ·סƣ֮죬𾪡
Щ˲䷢ˣһ嵽󣬹˲߿һˣŭˣ
˿岻սҪߡ
һߣӷ˳ȥڶԷϣһľ͸Է˾ˣʣµĸԺ׼뿪ʹͲˣֻ˳Ҽ䡣
˵ʣﱻߵǸ
ߵǰҪ֣Ǹ³һںɫŨѪԾˡ
ƿæȥϣƿ˴Լʵʵ
תȥһ˫Сſٱܣ.˿ˮٿʱѾڱ棬ͷסˡ
̣ܵõǿ죡
ſͼæϵѯʣү£
ɡ
忴һŵİƣȥǱת£ɲ
ͽſڰ̧֣ȥ
ͽŹķſڣ˻
˲ŴӱʱһҲá
Щ˴ʱ屻ˮˣȻͱˣƻǺơ
һΣȴһûС
ʵơ
ʣҪ·
·ˣ㵽Ǳ߰ҵİ
尴հ˵һƣƴ򿪴óһЩ·˵תȥ
תȥڴ齱Űơ
ƿٻ·ôӴȥ
忴ȥҲû
ǲһ
ƺ꣬ⲻǵ˱˻ԡ
˴ƾҪȥ忴Ƚ˲ûһţ濴վţ˰æ񣺡ү
˶ˣʵ
ˣڲ飬Щ˶ףҶǽˡʵ档
תһȥţ˵طͣ£ϰڷżʬ壬ǺˣѾ
ƿɫڷϣȥ¹۲졣
ǶжģˣʱǾûҪȥӶǵˣֶλǺݾ³벻ɶڡ˵߻صߡ
ɡ
תȥƵķ䣬ƸȥȻķ䣬ǻҪһϢµ޷ı䡣
ϾйǰȫģΣգҲܻš
̴淿ˣȻס
ԺɾʵӾߺ͹ǱˣĲסǾˡ
˯棬˯棬ϴĻҲῴ
Ʋϣֿܾû˻ʱš
Դ͸ڿһʱпܱժȥ
Ը׼ԡͰϴϴ
Ϊһ˵û뵽嵱Ҫϴ衣
µ£۾Ϣ
ȹȥԡתǽڣƵҲ⣬Ͼʲôһˣûʲôɿġ
ϴʱ򣬰Ѿƣˣȹϴԡ·£Ʒ˸˳˯ˡ
˴齣屾㿴飬ŰȴôĿ顣
Բְ£¡
֮һ롣
һŮǹôԶʲô
Ųһ£ѱϣ˯ðݣı©ˣͳбӵķ£ʼŲȥֱ굽ӵ¡
ʲôطȺ־ͳʲôطȥ
һɫһ죬Ůģ
ÿŵһߣûðԶθҪצƵֱס壬޳ôţһľͷֱͦͦһ
ƫƫŮ˵Сܰ㣬ϵĥ䡣
һҹû˯ϰһ۾ͷԼŹ壬ΪǣߣҲûõȥ·ţƤҲŹƤ⣬˶ôá
ƿʶۣææĴ˳ȥ
Ƴź󣬲Ż۾ȥſѾŲˡ
ŰƲų֡
ǰ˽ţʣô
ȫڣҸطԵ㶫Ĺϸ񣬼ǳԸ緹ҪͰ࣬ŸĹ
ԷֻܸŹ壬˵ˣҲûһڷԣϾҪЩҲû緹
Ṭƿ˿ʦĲĶԹ檳Թˡ
(δ)

ڰʮ ҹ

˵Զඪӡ
ûİһ۰ƣñûԵ㣬ȻȥԶʳˣڸԽˣȻ˸Сˣ
һҪô˵
ͻȻƵĶӹһòΡ
˰һۣ㱾ȥԵɡ
ϰƵ⡣
ƸŹ£˿ʼ緹
˭Ҳ˵˳ԵĸⰲرǰƣԵëȻ
嶼ԷΪʲô
ˣ˲ˡ
ǲ˾ͬǶҩһ㣬ĳ£ֵı
Űѷ꣬һǳˡ
յķ˲Ͽڣ忴ûԶ١
ɡЦݿ䣬ߡ
˹Ĳ˲죬񳿣ŻŵҪȥ
ͣ£˵εĳŹ巢Ц
ѿˣ
ӣ峯ȥŸں棬Խ幬ЩʲôԽǽ겻
ǰʣջæ
û뵽תô죬ҲӿǣͷӦʡ
컹кҪĹҪ˵갲ȥǱߵĸϡ
忴۵ϵĸӣĶϣľҪĿ̫ĸˡ
忴˿ʱ˵׼
ǡ
ӦʣҲ֪ЩҪĲģԹʱҲæģȻʼҲȱЩȴЩа
ȻǸвȴҲǸϸĺܡ
뵽տһڸУȻģȴҲݡ
һڡ
оվ˸ˣȻתŵˡ
ү
ôҲ̫ˣ֪ˣ
Ҫȥң߰ɡ
תȥ棬һ⣬ͷҪɵõ࣬˵һҪЩʱ䣬үǼųţȥɡ
ӦƱΪˣתרõࡣ
׼ɣѾˡ
ʰóɨɨϣȥԺ
ѩǱһ羰ƲƽǰԺȥץϵ飬
Ȼһվ
ͣ£Ϳ
ϵĺϰѩ漴䵽ϡ
ɫ𪣬Ŀ峺һƳ·Ǹǧһڴ㵵˫ۣתȥļ磬ߵһ졣
ƲȻﴫ岻̲ϳ
Ż޹ϳ
ƿ굽棬һȥͿŪҹĹ壬һۡ
Ьȥ£Ʋδ˵һ߿Ϣ
建̧ͷŰűĿ˼صҹ㱻ѹ顣
Ů˯ô飬ŵʱôȤ
ҹûס䵽ıϣȥԣҹ顣

ûȿ˿ڡ
ҹȥ˵дӲѰƸȥһΣûסȥһ죬˾͵ˡ
Ƶģܵ÷ɿ죬Ҫȴ屧ס
ſҡ
ΣֻҪ
ŷ֣Ϳǿҹ˳ȥ
һżȥ⣬ȥܵĿ׷ǰһ󽹼Сģ
ŭ
ȴûվȥת˴ֱӽ
һƱײĹͷҪˡ
صŭӰƣҪҪ
Ҫ
飡
Ƶǰһ䵽ľϣȥǿҹ顣
ƶҲת۹壬ϣ˲ȥš
ʣҪˣ
ԥһ£ȥҹŪ˳ȻͬǼһŵϵĺɰ
һߣӲᡣ
ս滺񾭲ôҲЩ
쳣ţûȻ˯ˡ
˾ңýżⴥƣˡ
˸Ƿү檲ϲңүԼȥ棬Ҳ˱ҡ
Ҫ
˵깬ѾƼǲԸҲǸȻҵţֻû˵û
ҵ˳ӭ˰ŻʼҷͽҴţ׼õӣƱܣŴɹϷҲ͸һˡ
ҸѾ׼ţšҵĳ빬˵սӴ˾
ҡͷˣ£հɡ
˵깬ţȻţҲ֪һ춼Щʲô֮ǺΡ
Ŵѵȴҿ
һŴ֮һˮ
(δ)

ڰʮ ʮұ

ӾҳѾڣź͹˵һ仰ллүҹ͸ҡ
ü㲻Ҳǰ͵ġ
үҪʲôرҲɵӣôõĶƾʲôһӾ͸ˡ
Ǹ꣬ûģ
ûãʱŰɡ
æ˵лү
ߣ塣
صǰ˵үȥһˡ
š
̫׼פ֮Ȼ׼õ֮࣬ٲúϣȥҡ
ƴҪȥ·û˵Щȥ
ҪãŰɡ
æ˵Ȼ
ȥʮ¡ԸҪߣס
һЩҪţүԺͻ
ƴȥˣƿӳ濴ȥֻȹڣܵ÷ɿ죬һգ۵Ĺ

ǡ
Űȥ˸
ȥ˴ʱӼ׼³ƴˡ
һŵ棬ưİӵ棬´˿
Ϊ˯ˣôãҲ˼
δ֮ǰŵģһ˵ΨһһںĶԴĲѣֻҪҵһѣž㹻ˣȻкϣֳļҲûʲôֻΪԶߣʱ³ԲŻкϡ
⡭Щɡ
ʲô
ûǸĵŰ⡣
һ۹壺Ҳ˵³Ĳ˿Ǳģðźġ
ƱǲЩģҽرȻĿĵġ
ڴ֮ǰƾͶֺйʶûнӴοҪúüʶһˡ
岻Ŀһ۰ƣŮһ춼Ƿģ˵Ļ
ûмٵģ˿³Ǻģ⵹Щˡ
۾ҡΣ뵽ƱһԣʲôԲõġ
ʮǰ˶Ϣͣ°۾ˣͳߡ
׵һ
忡һѹͣʲô
ƻص˲ңҪ㡣
Χһᡣ
ǰɽҰĻɽֵطкϣʾɡ
ȷǲƭģػɣŮϵƭȻ֪
ûҽǵı飬ȻǺö
һֻܹʮӵĻʲôɰѺϵλø߸ˡ
ҾУңүҡ
Ҳףû˰һ£ƭҲпܵġ
Ҫңô֪ǲǱƭˡ
ⶫ˵Ҫõģ
һ°Ƴʮȥ壺үǸʲô
£ȥ
˵깬ӺȥϴѰҶβˣ˵׼ܹҵ
˽нԶصϵȺ
һ·˲ٵĵطûҵ
ҵڰƲһѵıƭˣ
ȥȻ⣡ߵķ꣬һ·ϿŸ첲ȶŮˣí˸ɾɽʯҵģＰ䲻ˬ
˼ƭ㣬͵ƭ
µİ֣ﰡ
ɫѿذɣȥѸҽ
Ҳûã˵׼ǲ֮ˣҪҲûãű˷ɶѣʮʮ죬ʵǵȲ
ҲΡ
ʣʲôǲ֮ꣿ
ҪѾõͣҽĻõѾЩˣҲµûȻѾΪĸùˣǺõĵطֻв˿ˣҽ˵ĥ۵ģĥ۸ãڲ˿ǿҩҲҪո³ĲУҽ˵Ȼǲš
ҸҽĺûаҲʮˣ˵ҪҲһƵķˣҪûô
ҼȻ֪ûãͲҪˡ
ҲΣԭƷã˴ϵ֦ͬ
ҪеĵѺһãøмˡ
ɫԽ䣺Ȼ֪Ϊλ𴩣ɵ˲ɣ
Σ֪Ҫңһڲ𴩣ͬ飬ȻǵűңҰ鵱֪ûóѣҲûгԿ
ûԿɫڵһľ̿ӽˮˡ
ˣȷʵе㡣ƴȤʵҲãԴطӱ㲻ˡ
ڹȥᱻƣ
ЪˣƳʮȥҡ
ˣȥǿ˭ôĵӣѺϸǣ
˲󼺣ǲԸ飬ȻǿӦˣҲĲ鲻ԸҲ첻á
ݵǱ˭ôǽ
ȻˣҲߡ
Ƶǲ͹˵ЩõģҲһ죬ȥɱЩˣҲҪԲȥĸá
ߣƷһ˶ʯͷ˶ñסΧвݴԣҽ˵ģ϶ϲľֵطѼпܾ˯档
(δ)

ڰʮ żβ

ƿߵʯͷ棬³濴ǿݴԷֵϵطЩͬɹ
ĵطЩͬΪҪǱʲô
һᣬȫģܸоõּӲ
¸ˣҪѴʯͷƿҪҲڲµ
ûƶһꡣ
𿪣
ɫŮ˷룬Լƣ޴һ
ƹԹԶ㿪̧ƣһһȥʯͷƿ䵽ϲˡ
³ŵһյƣڰƵϷζûжһᰲƶ£¨׼õ޻޻úɰװţһ㹻ů͡
ȡһ㣬ŵ¨棬һ׼׵ƲŴӵȻеġ
лүл
ŰƵ̫Ҳôᷳ
߰ɡ
ת峯ʮɽߣƴӺϡ
һǰһ˰ʱտʼѩ
̧ͷ˿ʮ¿տڣѩɽ·ˣƾеһյƣȥ϶Σա
ĸеǣҪ´ˣȥľͻѡ
߿ЩлȥŲӿ죬ҲҵʱߵĿ٣ûй۲Σ߽Բͻ£ߣ˱ߣ׳¡
ߣƸоһ׹һסƣƱס
ŵĿ˫ֽ§Ź塣
˫ֱŰƣΣ
á
ŵòᣬ뿪һһ²㻬ȥһס֣Ҷ
Ƶͷлл
ű񡣡
סƵ֣䶨ϡ
á
ƲŹĽӡȻߵúۣûΣա
˴ʮϳƺ͹û£ʣүô
ҹ·ߣϢһҪ
ǡ
æȥ׼漴תѰȥ
ּ䴫¶ȣðɻĿһ۹壬֮ǰġ
Ьʼ£ˣٴƴ¸ϱţһҲů˲١

ҲЬӣʱһ߿š
űŲߣӿһߣѱӸ˹ס
ֻһӣˣŽ
忴ȥֱ쵽Ƶ£һȥҪƿɫһ붳
ƵֽɿȷʵҪҰȹҹһȡůǵѡ
οŴǿȢŮ˻ؼҵģҲûϵݡ
סƵͷĿ
ԭ֪ǲǻģÿǿĻᣬƶоǶ궯
ڱϡ
εĿȥ
үƽ
˵
Ϊʲôȥʲôˣ
֪ˡ
Ҳˣ˵ʱͷ屻Щ˯ĳ嶯
˯һϣƲѡ
۾ͺ͹˯һ˫ֻڹĻ··ҲѾɢҡ
˲ĿԲס۾
建ҹδ벻ڻָо
ǿ򶨣ӹĻƵĻͷ壬۾Ǳϵģû˯ѣſٴ
ȥ⿴ɽѩ
ڵ׼ӡ
ưվ
ҪҰæôߵ󣬰һֻӣ׼⡣
ãʲô
ҾͲæˣתת
Ʋ뿴壬˵ĸӡ
ʮϵķ羰ƴʮȦ
һ·ƷֵһЩצӵĽӡĴѵӣ
뵽һֻӣҲȥץһֻһҲǺõġ
ѰŽӡߵһڣ°ƿŶڣΪڶ棬ֽȥһʪĶ
óѪ
ƹڵϳ濴ȷʵʲôҪˡ
ٴֽȥưС˳Ϊһֻӣû뵽һֻβͶСĺꡣ
βԲһ˫۾ŰƿƱЩĲ̡
ãΪҽΣҪҡ
Ҳ֪βǲ֮Ǹβϵ˿ڣ˰
βЩƵģƱŶβǱߡ
(δ)

ڰʮ β֮

ûƣ˰˵Χ
ƱŶβպ
βɫһ͡
û˵ȴһĨ֡
Ƹ.ŻĶβȥ壬˵ǰ񵽵ģˣѪŪǣ֪ĳɣ֪ʲôộôأŪûˡ
һ𾪣үβ
֣ʶ
һֱߵǰ㿴βƣβȻ۾վŹ
һˣ
û˻ȥ
һǣүˣ
š
һ۰ƣתȥ棬βſڰƵĻûɵſڰƵĻ˲䡣
һ֣ôˣ
꣺βǺԵĺ꣬Ǻޣǻǳġ
ƲŰ˵
˵һˣͻݣԸͻ죬ոү˵ôأܲҪ
үѵе⣿
Ʊأ뵽ﶼǺԵģЩܿ˵ĺû֪ʲôʱʲôʱˮ֡
ôβûӦ忿ββˡ
ҡͷβ飬ү˵ģү˶βѾһˣû뵽õˡ
޲Ϊүϧôãôãˣ˲֪үô㣡
ʡ
æȥ׼緹βȥ̽βȻ˷ӦԭһϢӣȻ۾ŭӹ壬ȫëը
ƿŹ壺ѵɱң
ôҪõѪ᲻ǹģ
벻ǣҪǹҪôҲһƵ£αô鷳
׷һ࣬йε棬Ƕץ޲ܡ
βԭô£ͼˣѹе⣬Ǿ˺㣬ɷģҪץȻҪ㣬ΪõģҪ˺㡣
й壬Ǵȱһֻ꣬׷һ˺㡣
ɷҺǷޡ
ƺ˵忴ȾһĨЦ⡣
ȻжߵԣҲһˣˣ޴ʱ˵Ҳ
βһͷ۾Ͱ͵ĿŰƣһ˺㡣
βͷſڰƵĻ۾ƺ˰ˣ֪Ƶɷǹ壬ġ
βҪץ㣬ֻҪ£ȻþֶΣҲûҪ˺㣬϶˺㣬Щ˲Ļˣ
βĺߺƾϲ֣β˻
ģҲˣˣȥ˺ˣȥڶ
β۾̧ͷŰƣͰ͵գ۾ἷš
סޣ
ӣƸβ˲᣺Ϣˡ
һѵӣֹȥһ󣬶βǿվŰƵᣬ·ŵʲôö
ƺЦȷʵԺܸߣ԰ɣⶫٺ
βſ²ϣƸˣŸӣѸ㵹Ѫνȥ
㲻˾ͿϧˣȻ֪ǺõĶ˿Ҳñңںö˶뺦ңõҵѪ
β˿ƣƺǵǰơ
ưѶβ£ѪоЩˣʼѪ
꣬ư󣬱βϧѵĸ.
ˣһú˸ۡ
β˲䰲Ƶ֡
ǱŮˣЩ
岻죬β˶䣬ġ
ȥ
̻סβͣˣ鲻ãһú˵
Ǿ˵ɣǱӳȥЩѱҲˡ
β˶䣬ɰ
ƿβҲǸĸϹҲ㵹ù
ԺҪȻҲ㡣
ββߺ
ǴӦˡ
˿Ҳѷ׼͵
˳ԶŻȥ
Ϣһ죬ƸŹ
˷ֹ£ȥĵϵۣȥ﹬̫
̫ʮָˣ˳ưõϡ
ˣʾõá
ĸɿҵʲôͬƾ֮õֻڰͿĨպ̫ȥ
̫⾪棺Щһˣõϸ壬ûõԲһЩ
ĸԼǡƹ
̫ŰСӳ񣺡ⶫЧ
ĸ˵ƤǶʮ죬õȻյЧʹãʮĸƤϸ˿Ȼȫָʮ߰ʱӣ볣ȣǻвͬġ
ͷšƶˣĸȻĸĵˣǱƶȴƶˣ
ĸõĸʣһһϦܹõҲٵĿرĹУҪʱ뿪һڼҲʧܹӪʧˣҲãֻܶ
ԣҲֻһƿ
үҩĿôӪƷõࡣ
Ѿ㾡ҩĿҩģһЩõˡ
Ȼá
Ŷ
̫󲻽ɣƶٸвǺ£һֻ治ǺģһֻϺǾ͸Ǻˡ
»˸˵ҲҪõֻ࣬뵽õĸûãˣǶĲТ
뵽ǸӣǸոռ޽ԭ㲻ϲͿ֬ĨۣȥϺŪ˱˵Ǹ֬۹ӣ
˶Ϊ˺㲻Ϳ֬ĨۣҪϲ˸˵֬ǺÿģҪá
ʱ򣬶һҪĿ࿴
˵һһЦȻǸµ
仰ŷˡ
̫󲻾תȥõ٣Ҳ٣
ūң
æ˵̫תİƵ֣Ƶһ˵ˡ
ʢֻϧǶĸģĿƵġ
ĸˣЩǱȲˣҲֻЩӣЩҽίʵãƶĸġ̫ڲõõ飬Ҳá
ôϡٵĶȻֻòǡ
(δ)

ڰʮ ɱ

õй̫ʹһΣ˵ֻԡ
һ·Űȥſڣһ·̸
ӼҺЩû̫ôһˣǺøأһ߷ŰƳһ߷С
ƵݿǴͬˣȥʲôС
ƵǲΪȻ֮УЩ£ҪΪе⡣
ôƲ˵ЩҲǴˣ֪Ǹ׵ҲǷһЩ
νǲãЩģδк³
ðĶȥֵ
ˣöˣ̫󶼿ޣ˵ʱȽڿˡ
ţ˾ͺãҪ
лţӼ͵Ͳˣ̫Ӽһȥźţߣ
ãлл
ͷתˡ
ſΡ
Ҳ˵ϲⶫŶ׹֣鱦Ȼϡ֮
ϧϲֻѹ׵İˡ
˸ʱ׼ȥţͿһǰһĳ˹
ϸƷֵмǸǶұߵǶԶһЩˡ
˾ۼһ飬һҲ⡣
ƻûȰպãѾ˸ǰ
˲ԼͬеһԷΣݸͬ
رǾǰ׵ģ촽࣬˵
һԶǺԥʵôĵӣ̫Ҳã
֪߬û̫Ǹһ԰пô˵Ҳ֮С
ʱ˵ֻҲʧ
õĶǾ˵ֻɵӡ
ĺܣô޸
úڰ
ȻŹ۸ңҾͲܹ㡣
ȻǶ磬Ҳ˵̫ʹ͸ҵģͷ˵֮ǰӣ˵ıŹ帣˸ӣ檼ү
š
嵭Ŀڰķ档
ķΣ˵ֻԣպԿԸ̫һԣĸһԡ
ĸӲѹ˵ֻлʺſõû̫Ϊ£ֵ̫̫̫ȥ̫̫ʱѸߣԸ飬ҲͲ֮ˡ
벻ĸó
ʺҲûй˵Ĵĸϲõ࣬˳裡
㵨˵Ӳãƣ㲻ҪΪ̫ҽΣ
˵Щڣ뵽Щʲô˵
İһ۶ֳһ˺ñ˺ãպҵ˻ǰҪһ״Ҵ紾ӣ֮㾹˶Եϱңӣ˵ȥͲЦ
Ŀ䣬࣬һôǰǸݰ
ʱס˵Ҳܹܣ
Ŷ⿴һۣ˵ǣȥһúụ̀ܽȵ󸾣Ҫǲúùպ˵ã
ᶼˣ˵Ҫȥһ˿Ҫȥ˼
ô
ô
ı飬ƵҲԸȥᣬ壬ûҪӣҲٶ˵
оӶЩεĿŹ壬ޱȴǶŰЦľǱһ
ûжԣһ¹Źȥ߰ɡ
˰Ʋſ壬˵ĸ͸ҵġ
ǾŰɣʺûеĶ㻹Ǻúñܣû±óˡ
˻ʹߣȥϣһͬȥ
Σʵÿ
õలױйʹͣô£صͷۣ۵ڴһ춼û
Ǽˣ˸ҽˣҲȻ
ʾﲻҲ˵ֻ˵ûʲô¡
ǣҲһҹδ˯
գʹŵƽʣ׼ӭӹ빬
͹λүٽˣ߿žŵùæǰѯʣôˣ
вʣ۾ᣬģ۲ѣæסʣǲǼۿҪЩˣ
˵ʲô޸ôһǵˣп˵
ſڶᣬвʣ
ϧϲãǵҲɽȥĪ޻ӣ
ʼ޷ˡ
ľѾҲ˹
ƽҲŹƱȷʵֻܸš
Ʊ㿴ʧǵӡ
氲дк
Ʊûһ죺ߣټδ˵ҲС
ӲʣԴ˹˵ſǰ棬ȫᡣ
ʹѾʼάô
ƾתˣŶֱȥ˹
Ҳ֣ˮݣͲ
ǰ棬Ƹ˽ȥ
˹ƾͲ㣬ȥ̫˰ȥʺƳ
Ƴ֮ǰʱɫ˺ܶ࣬˰ְѰƺ;˹ȥ
°ɣܲˣзʳҲ֪ǰԣŻԣȻˣһ𳢳
ƳְŮеĵĶ˵ϣʾⰲƺ;ԡ
֪˶Ҳܲԣ˿нⶾǾͲö֪ˡ
˶죬Ƴ˵岻ʣҪȥƫš
ƺ;ˣߺƳһģЦЦְӶˡ
ǹڵĹŮ̫ڵһƬŵö߶˸˵
Ƴת޹
ӷǹƺ;һƫȺ˷ֱ£ƣ˫һĨԹޡ
ƴӲȥԼоǱждˡ
ƲЩ
Ƕȥɣ˵˵ߵˣ־
ƾ֪ûġ
һУƶˣϴιг£Ȼ󵨵óӣ
˶ȥˣպ֡
ʱ̧ͷſڵĵطȻſڣˡ
ÿˣҾҪ֪ҵվһ磬·ԵҡΡ
ƫƫȴĿ׶һذס
ε˽ԴҪɱͷġ
Цˣɱͷ¾ֲˣ
񰡣ǻϵƫǲǳıӵˣ˵ֻ
ƣʰ㡣
ҪߵƵǰӣҪ㿪һ̾ͻ
ǰƳһ߶һ
Ҳûãûңû㡣
̹ȥû㿪ֱۻһѪӰƵֱεδ䵽ϡ
㣬Ǳǲǣ
ǲһӣһץסתžȥ
ĽƿԲãû˵µĹá
û뵽ƻᷴһôȵġ
ֻһ˻Σĵ䵽ϣॡ
ͨҲ˵ϡ
(δ)

ڰʮ Ա

˽ƱԼæŶ£ɤӼ
ƫĴŴ򿪹һ˶һγƫܡ
ƣ
ʲôŵƫʱѾš
žͷѪֱһѵӣϻܣҵȫİơ
һۿֱѪӾڰƲԶ
ȥóƵֱӣסֱۡ
Ҳûٿһۣƣתȥ档
ſڵţŵˡ

æűѪľתȥ档
ҽҽ
Ŷ󺰣ʧ롣
Զ屧ɪɪİƣѾĵ
ϵۻδȥŵĹ岻ʧ񣺡ôˣ
֪
ֱȥǰϣ˵ܶðˡ
ϵû飬Ǹ밲ô
õүɺͳ޵ĵŪ㻹ޣˣѹ˸ȥ
칫΢΢һţô˰
˵ϵתȥ
칫һΪѣɣ
ơ
İƣһѱס壬ſ
ϣôˣ칫ŵûˡ
屧ƣ칫·
칫ЩţϵĻҪģǿ򶨴Źȥ˸
ȥĵطǹרΪ׼η˴иʲôǵģȥ˼
˸ǰ칫˹ӣˣСӡ
칫ذɡ
ȥ˸ͬȥһ㣬칫һ㵣̧ͷѾ˸εҡҡͷתȥϵ۸
ʱϵۿǰѪľĸ⣬Ӳ˵ǰµ֣ϵɫʺƳŵˣǽӵϢģһžĵڿͷѪľ
ۣһֱţҽæΪΣѾûʲôˡ
ƳΪ£Щš
ϵ֣ĵĺ
վһƳֻûʧĴ
ɷ򣬵ȴ˭
̧ʵŶѯʣɻۣ
ǰ軨ֻ֪ᣬƬ̲˹ȥ
ʺƳʣҽ㿴ЩôôѪ᲻ʲô
ҽʵش𣺡ʺֹѪѾûˣӴöܲˣҪμ졣
Ҫúչ˲С
Ƴߵϵۣϣ檺
ţȥϢԺȥϵƳ֣ոջ칫ȥĸ޽

칫ס
ȥ칫гɣϵ۱㲻죬ŭŵ칫һ
칫æӦ˳ȥ
ʱ˿ţʱ屧ţάѾжʱˡ
Ƽװ屧ϣû֣Ҳû˵Ҳ֪ʲô
ֻ֪ʱŭ
ŹȻʣô
ƾ͸ħһҡҡͷ屧㶼ˣһŻˡ
ûףƱѾȥſڡ
ƿ칫վ档
ټ칫
ʣˣ
Ѿ£Щ־壬ҽ˵Ҫһʱ䣬ʱ϶¡칫֪޲ԡ
忴ۻŮˣųĵȥ
صĵƱŽĵŹѰƷŵ˵ϡ
ܲμϡ
ϹϾ
ϵŭô£
ܾΪ¶صһߵĶá
ܣ㿴ѳġ
ѵù岻õһأǶŶġ
磬⻰ҾͲˣʲôû㲻Ҫף˲֪ô¡
ߣʲôˣԲѣ㻹ʲô
ת塣
Ǿô˵ɡ
ͷϵİƣƼװ˵ϣŮ˫ȷվˣˡ
˵ɣô£ϵȻǱֵʧȥġ
ίƫһµ˾Ȼ˽һѵӡ
ŮʱŻˣô¸ңȻȥӣŮһҺͶ沣ôܶһ£Ҳȥ
û뵽ǰѵʱǸܻӴ˶ϣҿŻˣһˣҾͲ֪֮顣
˵ϵ֣ƫô˴ȥʹûô
֣Ҫڲƭʹôд̿ͣ
岻ɵÿȥ޸֮վվȥˣοǰ칫ѲǵǷģ
ɫһףƿԡ
(δ)

ڰʮ ź

ϵ۱ڸ̨ȥɫѿ
˵ʲô˹ƣʣô˵ĵߵǷǺڰף˳ȥţִó˵ӣΪҪ˳ȥĵӣ˵ҪΪң˵
ҧס촽԰׵һĨѿ߷ߡ
˵ˣ˵ΪҲ㣬ͬôô˵
Ȼ޲ѣգŭӰƣ֪ģΪ㾹ȻôȢ㣬ǻʼҵĳ衣
Ŀ࣬ǹһҵıû˭ˡ
ӽˮĶʲô
ƿһޱĹ壬֪᲻
ȷʵûô֮ܶҿԷģģӲҵģǰѵ˭ģ˭֪ҵģ׺䣬ҰŲú˶ҲǰѵӲľС
ڵϿž
촽̧ͷŶ
֪
סǴ󽫾֪ھǺ޼ɱҲ֪Ǳţûˣ㺦㻹һҡ
ҷģûҪ
Ϸ̨ϵϵ۴ʱĿ䣬Ȼ²˭Ĵ޲˵һ֣˱˼ʮգֱΪֹ
ڹд֣񼫣ñΪͷΡ
ڼ޿֪㲻Ǹȥ֮λ
𣬲óŰ벽ڡ
Ҳòμӡ
ֱ˲ſӴ㡣
ϡ˵Щʲô幰ֵּ
漴ͷŮּ
޵ıžֻ˵ּ
Ůּ
ҲС˵
˸ˣƺ;ֱ𱻱ĵߺϵ۲ȥ¡
칫æȥź
飬ô£ϵɫ࣬칫и²ãӦȥ顣
ƴʱһ·صŰһ꣬ºˣֳŶȥˡ
򿪱
£˫ְס˫ȡ
˵ûʲô£ӦѾûˡ
򿪣˲֪û¡֣Ҳԥֱ۸
һȥڰưֱ֬ϻһ£һ̺ˡ
ֻס̧Ƶ
ˣ
忿һЩסƵ֣ҡͷȥȴȣ޷
ʱƲ֣ûʲô
ү
᲻̡ٴȥ.Ƶֱۣ˵ĵطһۣ֮ǰ˿ڹǿģʱѾָĲˡ
ƿһۣӦòᡣ
СԽ棬ָµһ˿˿ĵò˼
Ҳǣ˵оʱŪһҩϵͳĸı䣬үôҲ֪ôͣҲֻô˵ˡ
ḧ.Ƶֱۣƴʱŷ֣żһᱡ
ӦһӴΪʲô²ȥ֡
ҪأȻҲ֪˵ʲôҲ˵ڲƭġ
һ˾ˡ
ţʣˣʲôģ
ֻڸ.ƾһֻסҶ֣ƿ·á
ûʲôɸģүʲôҲȱƾʮֻƣ˻Ҫʲô
ȻѾɻ飬ź飬֪һЩѯʡ
ƷӦ³Է
ⶼС£һ¹غպɻ᣿УĲ
ƳĬãүһҲˣȥҵ˵¡
⵹ˣæ⼸˵ʱʱȥƣȥʣҲûʱ䣬ο»ǲʰ
Ҳǡ
ΣʱӣĪǶŮ·뷢£
Խ̸㣬Σ
ٽѾǵĸ.ˣȻ·ѾϣֻǻڰƵֱϣЩѪҲѡ
ү£ҪƵյģҹЩ£񱻻ϽڸҪԣϸڲǡ
˵ţͱסһʱ䰲ƵԲ˫ۣǰŴ
ǰ˫סֱۣ
ƺҲǵһΣǼ׾ӣҧһ¡
뿪ͳڽ㡣

Ȼ˹ȥһʱ䷴Ӧ˾ͱ˴ϣ˫ʶס˫磬Ҫѹƿ롭
˻
·ˣ
(δ)

ڰʮ ץ

Ʋ㱻ſ޳æҡͷү
屧סƣҽУЦ
ִֵĴţĶУǿܺУӽˮˣ
ϣͷȥǰС죬Ҳֻ볢
һŤͺһСһץסĺˡ
ٶһᣬסƵ˫֣סͷŭûһˣһֱҡͷ
ƿЦүⲻ档
档
ͷŰؿڣԽأ뵽ҹĥĥ䣬⿪£ͷȥ
ƫƫʱ˼æţŵðһ빬ѹƣֱ굽˱棬סˡ
ɫһſڿȥһϵһŭʣʲôҪ飿
һȻүôˣ
ү
תһˣܿȥ
ŪϵȥſʣʲôˣûС
үȥ˾֪ˣ˵
˵ͣ£Ҳӱ˳
ת忴ϵˣͷɢŪʮǱʱű˳Ǿ
ʱܳˣıԣԽʱԽǿ֣ܳʱױ˻ɡ
ɫ䣺Ҫȥܿ
˵깬תˣһ£ŴӴ··˰Ƽæȥ˸ɾ·
ǻҲûãôʱˣأ
ҪǾ˭
׼ȥץˡ
ſţһ⣺үǽȣ
ţˣȥʮ𼱡
á
ƭŰһ·ȥǰ
ǰûˣ˵ƫﲻúõȥʲôƫʲô²ġ
ƫ붯ŭʱ򣬿ƫŶţվˣҲڡ
һ֣ͱҪǰкϰ˰֣ʾⲻҪ˵
ԥһ£רץġ
תš
ߵſھͶ
ԭ·ͷϰŰɫĲɫ԰׵ĺˡ
ϣʣɩô
ס
ʲô
δŶ˵Ϊ
嵭ȻѵɩҪж
磬ôˣ֪㣬ҪҶɩģ֪ɩжˣ֪жġ
̲ס
˵ɩǰΪǺͶһֻ֪жɩǱ㲻ˡ
վߡ
ɵţᱼ磬Ϊʲôô飬Ϊʲô

帺ֶ֣·࣬ˡԶͣɡ
Ӵ˳תѩȥˣӰıֱַ
ţֻñ˸ţȻתɫһ
û԰ջ𣬷ȥͣ˵ʲôʱҲ֪ȷҪүʱүͳˡ
ܺãͣжεıñĿ࿴ǰôûأ
嵶쬵Ĺһͣȥǰʲôû
ƿһͺͰ룬鸴ӡ
˵ʲôɣ˵ⲻȥҪ˵ˣǾͳ˵Ĺϵ
һƵĳ˳һ治
ү·
˵갲תߣӺ첽׷ϣſץġ
һߵĹ壬ģӲתȻĸš
ƫԶˣǴεδʹ˾۾
Ÿ˲
Ѿ˯Ķִ̧һѣûã
Ů濴ţŵòгǿү
ȥȻƽȴɱ⡣
Ůæ£Ϣŭū澾һٸӣҲҰ˵ȥūʲôû
ĿǰŮ˵ã˵Ҳûʲôϣʲô
ǣǡ
Ůæ߶µĿͷ
ȥɡ
Ůæ˳˳һûվ˵ϣŵ
˰Ůһͬ뿪
վſڲ֣Ƕûȴ档
ոŮӷǿ˲ÿĶŻųǸӵġ
ƻصסЩɣǻȥԼӣǹӡ
Ѿʰ׵˼Ҫסߡ
ֻǡ
ү͵ɣýȥˣүҲˣȻȥЪţΪĸ׼ĶҪϸĥ롭
ણűһƿֱ˽ȥûƾܾĻᡣ
һֱǿѹĿ꣬ת棬·ʲô
(δ)

ھʮ ʲô

Ŭƽһ£׼˼߬ţŴſȥ
š
һһžԸš
ƺһļ٣Ҫ
ŹϣƸˣ·ЩƮ
£Űƹȥ
үǰʱ˵õޣĪˣƺѣ߬ż룬׼׼֡
Ƿ,ѣοĻ¿Ƕ෽öϴͻ飬ôݵģ
ȲԿ˼.
һƱŵúһ
ͣ£ʲôҲˣ
үҲ£ȷһ£ûô˹Ķðˡ
ô
š
ŲߵǱߣ˵ү컹ûԡԡϢ
ˣЩϢҲź˵ҪƹȥԼ˹ȥ
ŵһż˳ȥû׼ֱ乬š
循롣
ǽŵһ¡
岻ãҲţô죿
תȻȥ˫¶䣺Ҫɱ
ǡϷϡ
㵱Ҫɱ
һô׸ʲô˵ˡ
㣬㵱Ҫɱ
ŭ˫ŭɡ
ƳĬƬ̣˵Ǿǡ
ַŵ󣬽סƻΪ˵ЩʲôһһתŶ
ѵһŹ˲ˡ
תſڣȻȥվסˡ
ˣ߾ˣ˸徻ˡ
Űƻȥ£ϣҪʲôʿҪץ߲źá
˴ƹסҪ˯ô˯˯ţһϵķ
𣬰Ƴȥ̽
վſڣƵʮֹŹ֣ʰʲô
ûʲôֻǾֱ֡Բ䡣
ʲô֣Ҳ档
һֱϲүͲҪ޸үΪʲôִɱү˵ֱ׳ʮֱģô˵Ǵɱ
СҪҲ¡ģͰ˵Щеûģ˸ʵǲȫǸʮ˾ŵĺӣ˵档
ȥǱߣȥԷ˼ʣүڲڣ
ڣһȥԺ̾߷ˣ˵첻Ҫһš
Ŷ
ƱøˣϾûйҲܳԵϷˣʱһҲˣ䡣
緹ԵҲûʲôζԹȥѡ
ϷҪܸߵ¶ȣ¶ȵĿȴҪ˲˻
Լ׼ϣæСѾͷʱ׼æ
ƱŶβȴһڿ˷һСˣ䶯
죡
һ׼ɣҶźһ߿š
һߵſȥš
ưһӣò׵ı᲻þôˡ
СѾͷʱźš
һҹϳһЩȥǣ̲ס˸Уⶫÿ̵ԭ򡣡
ϵ˿ҲһᣬŶβȥϢԸСѾͷţҪϢһᡣ
˸Σμ屻Ľݸˣۿеŵһˡ
۾ƴӴҲμ֪ǲǱŵá
Ժ̾߷
ʮҹĲ˯̾߷о̾ߣ治֪үĸˡ
ǰǸָ̾ߣֱΣҪ˵̾ߵĸ
Ӧʣү̾ߵ˹ܣүôˣ
Ǳȥӵϣһ죬û͡
һ飺үΪϽ㣬˷йٵ鲻ã
ûǸйȥ£Ϊϲǲ²ˣ
ͳƣȷʵү£ͺУûʲôȥ
ҲȥܵĲ£ǻµּ
ֻⲻҲǣΪǰ㣿
ʵŶ˵ү̲סˣɷȥٻ
˵˳ȥ̾ŭˡ
˹ҲȤ̾߷ԺסӣƵǰ滹ţǰͣһ£ȥתסӡ
Űѷˤúһ
Ƹպ˯ξ´ڷˤһ£֣ѵǽʿˡ
ǿţȥƲģһǽʿô죿
סƣȥ
һүأ֮ǰϢˣ֪үʲôʱʱ˴룬
ҲһǣĿھЩţѵǳˣ
ȰӦƼæ˳ȥƿֱķſڣſҲǲˣƿ˽ȥ
һŵġ
Ƴǰ濴ȥ·׼Ϣ
һڣæŹš
º޹ء
һΣô·
(δ)

ڰʮ ھʮһ һ

ŹϰƵĿڲ˲ٿû£Щš
óԸ壬͸ѻʯûʲôֱ
֮ǰΪԸ飬ǵù岻죬˴ʱĹϵˮ֮Уٰóǲס
ˣƲ
ӣʣʲô
ĿϻۣСҲȳ˵ãżҲһ
ֻǲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôĻ
ĲѾˣүڣүûʹ˽үҪ֡
鼱֮³˸š
Ӵ·ϣȥ
ЬߣҲ֮ǰ˳ˣܳ졣
ŵǱߣ崩Ĳ࣬һӸȥ
ϡûͷƾ͸źһӡ
ѾߺͰæ
ү
Ҽү
ү
֣Ѿͷʲôʱմˣ
үȡģԭľңľ˵Уġһص
ͷ۰ƣ濴ƫأ
үЦˣȡģүĲ׿Խү϶ڳ£ָ˲ˡ
屾鲻ʱˣתĽˣ˵˲ˣ
ƾ㿪֮ǰ˹壬Ҳȷʵų⣬û㿪
үȻ˲õġ
˵ƿȥǰ档
Ū˼ɣҶģϾʱ캮ضȥɣҶƫƫѰˡ
Ҳǻ첻ˣĲϱҲ׳ɳٶȣ⼸վ֮ܳ˿
ʱΨЩϱжŮ٣͵˿
ҽ˵ģ˿ðźģĿǲ̫ˣϵ϶ûð³Ĳ˿ôð
ȥʣЩӣ
СǣԭǾҩüֵģǸҽǿ֪ܲǵҩüֵԼץȥ˶٣Ҳûкܴôġ뵽ЩҽȻͨҽȴҩﲻôͨҲЩòôԭ
֣˵
ȥɣүʲôΣա
ǡ
£˵ʵҩüֵڲϱڲϳȥҶ棬ɣҶһֺܹϵɣ棬ĵҶʪʹҩЧ˳ȴûʲôôһǳԲȥҶӼɬҶЩų˵ģǡÿŽЩأʣµҲֻзЧˡ
ҶҲǿֱõģֻЧôãֻҪ÷紵ɣҶôװãȻ£Ҳǿ𵽳Ч
ֱֻò˿ЩҶӹȥʱͻѣЩ岻Ҫǲ˿Գãĺôڣ˿ҶӵҩЧá
ڻûף˿ΪʲôҪҶҩЧãҿϱҲԭģϾҲȷʵҩõļأһҪϸо֪
˵ЩϰЩɣҶˣ³Ĳ˿ܸ
ࡣ
ҲôģҪ˿ҲǻбĿģҩõΡ
Ǹҽȥ˵ǿȥȣǴˣ
ţҲǴˣʵֲ˿ôҪ˿֯ƷҩЩдˡ

һһҩﻹвдġ
дѵⶫΪĸã
ãΪĸñȻ֮е⺮ϵĲ˿ãģȻҲа취ֻǲѡ
⺮ϵ˼ȻðźģȥȵЧǿԽġ
йεо䱾һЩҩüֵҩȥȥȵĻǲܡ
ҽǿ鶼ǽһЩģͺ黹ƫġҲ֪ôֻͣʵش
֣
ƱһһСľͰʵ˵ˣط۰
顣
ĿȾһĨ֪Ļܶࡣ
үʵǱͽкݺܶ࣬а廨ţǧٹ֣˵ҲöǶԵģҪоүҲ赱档ԽԽڣ֪ô͡
ƫ岻úŪ
ϣǶúŪһЩ
Ҳ뿴´ơ
Ͳˣԭͷôأҷڴϵͷ˯ǰ˾ͷʰӵʱ򣬸˲֪˭øˣҲҲˡ
үҪǸȤ檵ǿԸү˵˵ݡ
ʵһ飬׵ʱ߾Ӷ࣬˯ģһȥˡ
ô治֪Ľŵô࣬ǲ˵һӶªˣŹ֣
үѵǡæŸ˸ӣúǰŪȥ档
岻ˣҲûʣò˿ôĸˣ
Ȼˡʵ˲˿÷
ŰੲݵС죬ȥԡ
ת׼˵ЩʲôһסƵ°ͣ۾ɴû
˰죬Ƚŷ岻ԥһѰƳŴȥϵȰѹסôȥǷˣ
ԣ
˵깬Ѱưڴϣ̧ȥһţ²ү԰ꡣ
ͣ£ﲻã
һͺòûϵ뵽ǰһԲϾŭʧͷĬĬ
ôҲ챼ŮˣʢСӣЩ֪롣
ˣҲԿôҲʻ
㣬ҲС
ϢȱϣСҴı
õҲٷϻͷһڰƵ
ƫ֣
ƺ崣û뵽ôˣоͷԶˡ
·ҲʧȥֿﻹʱʱϺߺ߼䡣
Ҳ۵ͷ󺹣˸¾͸ڴϴһʵ۵Ĳᡣ
Ȼ
ү
ⰢһˣŤͷŭһȥ
ƺִ˫ְŰƵ˫֣Ŀӣ˻ɡ
ڲڣưһ仰ŤҿſڣҪǱԺҲüˡ
尴סµˣУ
Զˣոŵòˤȥ˷ǳ¶ˡ
Ӧת²λƱһ˲߽⣬ŹսپľģƳ׽еͶˡ
һ̣ƿϵ˺Ȼͣٿ֡
Ѫ
һȻ
(δ)

ھʮ 

ϰƷ˸һǽֽ֣࣬۾ȥȴѿ
Ի·תξ档
ڹǹŵʱĴˡ
ǣϢԲ֮Ѻ
Թ岻ˬһҹû˯֣߬Ƶġ
һպ泯Ź壬һҧסƸоҪϢˣһЩԲ
ᣬѪյˣȷʵЩԵֵرһֺü
һſִһʣҪܽ
˵׼ܣʱҲ߰졣Ҳ죬촽ζǺܺõġ
ô׼ӶûУһȥҧһڣѰѹ棬һᡣ
ֻϣôʢ˲ŴӴ
ȥ˿ЩϱȻƲַһЩɣҶưӵ¶ȿסŲϱ˿
廻·ߵߣҪϴôһϴ
Ťͷ˵Ҫϴ裬û˵
˭ϴ裬ô졣
ȳԷ
ƱȥԷԹƿʼۣҲ֪ôˣ۵
߲˴š
岻ģڴŰƣҲǿ꣬ǹǵˣɲ£
Ϊ˼ʹ׼˽֮һЩǲ´
һֱȵڰƲſ´
оôˣȥ˿Ȼʼ˿ˣһϲ³Ĳ˿Ȼðźġ
ﰲ̲ס̾Ǻġ
ѾһˣŮ˹ĳҲ
ɱˡ
岻̲ȥҰƣ˸ǰסƣͲ뱾
ֱۣҪҪô§§Ŵ˶ôţ
ˣתˣ
˹ȥ£ȻҲ±Цô
ôˣһǸˣһѰƵÿ֡
˼ҵˣ
Լ´棬˭˵ˣ

һûˣȻһ£嶷ƤҲһ̹¡
үļӣҲǺȤġ
ô˵òԣƵ
ΰûүϲң
ӿƣİЩҡ
ϲǲϲֻ֪
һЦ޸ҪôϲϲʲôҪѾǷˡ
⻰ҾͲˣϲǷޣϲŻûʼʱ򣬾ĶҲãպڡ
ĿŰƣİͷƤֱ顣
зִ磬ͲҪвˡĩ˹˵
ɫһ£ʲôвġ
үҪңҿԸԹ޻ڵĸһүҪҺ飿
ݳ䣺ʲô£
ҪңҪӣ˺ҾǺӵǺӵĵպ⸮ҾҪүõ
ѵǲ
ҡͷүһͨͷΣȴްʵȨ
ʲô
㻹ҪʵȨЦ
ֻЩ˵үҼȻǷޣҲԸһһүһ𣬵үҲãүĴңұүүܣǾˡ
ˣ
ɫѿƾ֪˵ͨ
Ҫ޸һ֪ҵˣȨ檳ȺˣүԼǽԺõˣͱңۣǻᵱġ
ưѻ˵ҪߣһץסƵ󣬽ס
̧ͷʣŮ˱Ȼܶ࣬ѲñֻһŮˣ
ƿҲ棬ȻΨΨŵŵ
үҾôġ
ߣ
һ뵽ҹ.ôңЩᣬҲС
ܺŮ˷壬һɱйߡ
οн񱣬࣡
ƽ͵˵ҲκһŮ˷һˣү㲻ܺһͬӵһү˵ԺһһӵңүȢһŮˣҲԸġ
УǾͲҪһ𡣡
ŮˣʶôǡҪȢġŭȻȢŮûҪǲᣬȥˣ
һ꣺Ȩ֮ƣοûи飬ұȢ˲ңŻô˵
ƣھ㣡
һӣŭѱīֽ
ǡ
Ⱒæ׼
һۣСֱ¹ʳԶʣ
(δ)

ھʮ ͵

īֽ⣬ƾһߵŲ¹ʱڣоĶҪˡ
׼д飬һῴƣı£ĵƫ˳ġ
˵깬ȥϣ˵պ˭׼īֽޣͰ˭ֽŶˡ
æʰһ£תˡ
Ե޹־ûˣ
αûݳɣư˼죬һҪź˿ҪʹӹҲУû°ƶ벻ӡ
ڹ壬⼸ҲûкֻͬǳԷʱŻ֡
ƺ͹Ҳ¡
˯˭ᣬһҡ
⼸վڣҲ˿ϣоĤˮ鷳ľûܷĴӣĤˮʡ
෽̽Ƶ֪ڴıиҤĵط˵ǸҤ壬ȥЩԡ
нʿ֣˰컹ȥ˹塣
Ҥ⼸յྲ￴ҲţȻһǽ֮˭Ҳ˭˵
Ҳʼ²⣬翪ʼǰ档
Ͼһֵøڽ֪
һҪݵүȻ䵭Ҳ֮У¶ԴҲƽࡣ
Ƶûǰˣҽһ°ڸҲࡣ
ůϣϷ¯ůƣֱһյ򿪶˹ȥ˺ϲǺһڡ
ſڻصԭȥҤϽҲóȥҲ븮ֻҼҤҪռƿӡ
²յ̧ʣƿӣ
š
ƲͣҲûʡ
ȥɡ
Ըˣȥ£˵ȥתֱס
ӸɾˣǸˣԾҲûʲô
ûС
ת˸ӣȻԼǱߡ
ְӳȥʮֲˬ
Բ鷳
ƻȥҲǵǣҪߵģô죿
ܿҤһˣҤõģԼǣѯһԻһͼһЩƿƿ޹ޣ໥ֻһܽ
ƳŵֻҪóȻ͡
ҪĺԺҪļල£ȵһˣԺԴȥ
Ҥ£ԺܹĴһС͵ҤҤͿʼҤˡ
ƲҹţǰճĲУȫˤˣŪԺҲĽء
ſڿţҲ
պƵõƵģҤƿͷ󣬵Ǿ״еС̳ӣֻаƴС
һһ˶ٶƾϸѡʮȫˤ顣
Ŷۣôõ˵ˤˤˡ
׼ȫƽҩÿʮȥƵ
ƵĺϴʱѾʼˣƽרſרĤ
ʮ죬ƶûӡ
ϷȥƲŴ
׼ðƼ̽
Ҳ˽㣬һ
һ̳ӣ̳мһЩ飬һȦȦС̳Ӱڷ棬ʣ̳Ϊ˱˶Ŀ
Ŵûбʼֻñַǿ¡
С̳ӹĤҺŽһƬ˿õĤֻܷҪڱʱʱ任鼴ɡ
˯߲ݣðַҲֻдʱ˯һᡣ
˹ţڹڵȺ򣬴ϴ߾̳ӣƸȥǱߡ
¿һͬȥˡ
̫󣬰˰㿪ʼ׼Ĥ顣
ĸǺ˿ϸܷΪĸ󱣴£ÿŹǵһΣ֮ǰǰһȡɢʱ㣬һǿʲôȥĸջʤǰ
ô
̫о˿˿Ƥһ泩ȫ
վһһᣬΪ̫ȥĤˮ档
̫Ů׼ͭǰ̫˿ΧŮ̫޲档
ϣˣ̫˺ֹǼ갡Ƥֱ˿ǵļƵģС޻Ҫˮء׼˻һޣм٣⻰˵ʵҲǴҿģ̫Ȼˡ
ô̫ݵ
ָ̧ƣæǰĸ󡣡
ƶǿģĸûпƶƶǰЩ˵Ͻˣ
ȷʵ˴£ʥ
ƳϳϿҿң̫ͷţˣҲû˵ǹࡣ
ǡ
֣㣬
ױй̫һӡ
뿪ʱʹڲϣ̴̵ģһ˿ţָС׵ĺã⾪ޡ
˶ڿŵ·档
̫ܹǲãҲȽ硣
ŴѾۣ׷ɱĽ˲֪ʱҪ֣볤õĻţ͵õ͵ˡ
ߵſڣѲ칫
ūλ밲ˡ칫˦˦ĺܡ
£ƽ
칫۰ƣ˵빬գδոջڽ幬ţūѰ
ˣūѰˡ
ȥ߰ɡ
Ƹ˸ӣү룡
(δ)

ھʮ ŵ

幬⣬ƿһĹ壬忡ɵȻ޲ƺԽ£ϡ
ǰƣ˺ܶࡣ
һûλԭļλ䶼ûУǻΪ˲¡
Ʊ࣬ϵ۲ûرټʵһֱڵȡ
Ͽֱıвûˡ
ԼһѺ
칫ȥͨĹ򣬰ʣѾõ˻ϵĳ谮
ô֪Ҳסڹô棬Īȥʻϡ嵭Ȼ
ôоԾﲻԾҲ˵
칫ܿһ˦Ź˽幬
幬ڴʱŽأƣƵͷŽȥϵ۵ǰ
ӣ׼£ǰϵ۵˰ɣûˡ
Ůл϶䡣Ƶͷ˼žӡ
ϵ˵
˰ӣһƽʱ˿δȥˣƸ˹ȥŻ¡
ģյüǾ졣Ůί񣬿ڲǾ
˵ˣ飬ĶЩ˵ˡ
ƳƳҲǹùˡ
Թŵ飬ĺʲôʱٹ塣
ϵȻ겻йֻƳһˣ̫󱻴һƣһƴֻǿʼͷϷںͷ
ƽ˼Ҳˣƫƫǻ϶ʦŮϾ̫ڳеϼ㲻ڣҲᵡ
ôޣʱ俴ʲô²Ǻ¡
ҲãԽˣ.̵ĺáϵ˵ü۲Ĺ塣
崹һ뵡Ҳ˵
ϵۼûɣҡͷ㰡޾̫ˣ
ϵ۲ʹĺǳ⣬δš
ƵףֵĹϵʵûйֻмҡ
빬ϵۣ㲻ģҲǡ
̧ͷϵ۷ԸƲ̧ͷ
һ£ϸһĨɬþò
ûӡԭļû
ңƵȻ
Сʱʮ֮ǰʱһǲǵˡЦҲ
ᣬȻıǮ
εҲǵˣĪ֣
ֵġ
յ˶ǢģȴڴģһˣѵǸ߯ʵˣ
ϵ˵ƣ룬ҽ˵ã֪ɸ޿
ţҲڿºߡ
ûǼҳ̡
ֵŮʤҡ
ϵƿӣ֡
ǰãϵ
ɨջֵ֣ϣֻϢһЩֻҪЩϢɡ
š
ϵۿ۾Ҫȥʺ밲Ҳذɡ
ܸˡ
Ůˡ
ޱʹ죬˳ȥ
ţ˽幬ǰ߰ںĵ˹
»ʺץ
̫ıȥ˽幬
ʺ֪ô룿
ƻص˿൹ͷ˯
ǰĿŽŮˣ˯ѿһҲᷳ
˼ҲܶںԺˤҤҤĴǮ֡
üģ˻۾
о·Ľţ۾ȥҲԥһѣ䵽һε۾
ԳƶŹ忴ȥ
Ŀӣһ°Ƶ°ͣʱȢ
˵ȥüͷһǳ˱һ
ڿʼ궯ʲôҪƿǳƵġ
ҲоЩԣƲӣż

ƿҪִ
΢УĿڿһƬòҪ۾ȥСһ죬ڵһܣð
ɫ⵴ּգܹ֮Ѳɻίˣ
Ů¹Ŀһᣬһ
ĿӰ⣺ҲǺ
˵֣·岻ġ
һʵǸ
ͷƾ㣬ȥ
ۿ췹һͣˡ
üͷһ壺
үˡҲ룬ôԶ
һȦ
Ըû
үпˡ
ƴʱ侲æŰ·ŪãＱĴӹˣææȥˡ
棬ſˡ
ǾͶ˭
ͣſڣһɫѣҺƤãվźͬɫѵľ
ûʲôˣվſں浾
û뿪侲һṬҲˡ
Ұˣ˳͹ŰѰƵѹˡ
ôʱ˵Щҵ
ľ͸һһôҲ벻ףȻɫôסġ
ר˵ϴεģǰҲǰӣعںõġ˵Ѿžߵƺ͹ǰ
嵹ûʲôȻԭҲ£ʲô˵ˡ
ƵһЦǳһ
Ȼ£Ǿӵ¡ҲȻͿˡ
ȻĿĵġ
졣
ţǹõ¡ΪЩѾɻЩˣһֱҲû
ҲżǰЩĸ£˿˿⣬ҽ˵޷ӿɾ
ĸҪѡˡ
Ƕ˵ҽ˵ãҽĶɵ˶κˣҲ޴ҽˡ
һЦԼҵãҲŵù
ʲô
һ㵣
ơ
ôܾ飬ϾҪǾôܾˣ˹У˵ϣǻ̫ҲἫޣרʦﶼпܣ;沣֮伴㲻ϣҲҪȥ
Ļؾ˵ˣǾͳֵܼˣһ
ڡ
ʮ⣬˵ʵҲ²˵ȷд£ȻǸ򣬵ȴʲôΣзӣκõҲԸ
ɫһ䣬ߵľĵǸ˺Ц
үǹƽģֺõȥ
ЩˣȻȥˡԵįת
Ƴһۣޣذɡ
תҲȥˡ
վſڳ濴ȥǶ˼֮ͬͬ⡣
(δ)

ھʮ ĺ

뿪ѵһ˿ЦݣҲоһ˿õĸо
֪ܸˡ
ǡǡǶ뿴ġ
뵽ĸĻεĸĻɼǵã
ãǵá
ĸҪѡˣҲΣӦģӦˡ
治֪Ǻǻ㲻Ҳܰ»ɷͳȥ
˲һ㲻ʣ
ﲻܾȥвֳܱҲֻܸε
ΪʾĴ˵үصģΪ˸үģүҲֻгһɲǱؾ֮·ںүģҪΪү롣
伫ˣû˵ͷ޵ο
Цң
һˣ²ΧһŮˣʲôϢ
ڲʱں
ֻҪǾҵŮӣ¹˭
ƴӦ̫ѾȥҪ࣬Ҳ
ѵôУƴؽסһЩӡ
ҲûĽ񾭡
ʰʰƱŶβ׼
ߵԺſڣͱš
ҩ䣬Ŷβ֣ʱҪȥ
үˣȥ
û˵ʵҲû̫࣬ȫÿλؼҩıˡ
˵Ҫ㡣
ллү
ƱŶβƿֱӳ˽
ſŮū̵ʱźŮֿƽʱ첻尾
ΰûŮ跹˼Ϲܼҡ
ٲϹܼҲȥˣôȥҪסˡ
һְ˼ɴ۾ſʽǰ˭
ơǸһ⺰ϴƿ˳ͣ°ƾʹ
æŰŮסһ޳
°ޣæŰԼĶβʮ¸Ѱģ㿴ɺˡ
ƻˣҲӣŶβã
Ȼȥүסȥ
ư˰֣ȥ˽
ЦԸ˸Ͻ׼óԵĸƣŮȥ˵
ԥһᣬȥ湬塣
˰ĻһǶžͲˡ
Ҫˡ
ҲȥᣬŮ޷ˣûз׼˵Ҿͻңûеˡ
վſڲүĻǼ⣿
ԹæµϢǰϢһȥЩҩҲû뵽ҹһˡ
ȻǶĿ˷ҲҰ켣˶꣬˼˯Ҳ̾ǽʿˡ
ͷһѶ̽׼ӦС
ϵƬһβʵ㰲˯ѣΣգβҲͲˡ
ƴ˸Ҫŵƣ̧ͷŷϵ˺ᣬëƬϣûֱȥԺӷֱӽš
ڴϵţûƿһӰſ˽
ʱƵ˵ƣԷֱ۵һ£ʱȲţһ£֣ƻǿ
ֻǴжǸӡ
һѾ˺ʶȻһ͵
һֱܵķӦǰܵѵУһǲ˵ıܷӦ
ƴӴŶ̽ʣʲôˣΪʲôҹ
ƽָˣ˲ƵĻóһѱӣŰƳȥƷ㿪ߵĶβ죬˹ȥƶڵϺ.Ϣ
ȷʵѾϵĶˣҲ
ⱲҲָǰˡ
˺ͶβƲҶһд̿ͣ
˲磬
˻ͷпһۣǲģ˦˶βŰ˹ȥ㲻Էһƴ棬ûվˤڵϡ
ˣֱɳ죬ӷˡ
ţһѪӿ˳ǿŵȰûסǽϡ
ƣ죬ҽ
æߵǰȥϡ
ܼҼææȥиҽһʱһš
ҽܿǰȳһֹѪ裬ֹסѪȴ˵С

ŵˣ죬ϣҪҽǰ
æңһƵ飬ͻŲ·
סܼңţȥҪһȥ
Ʋý֪飬ٽ֦ˡ
ֻ
̫ˣΪ½˶ûֹҲôɣû뵽Ȼˡ
ʲôʱˣ㻹ָǻ˶ļ٣òע⡣
ŮܺãȥֻȵŮŮ
˵Ѿûû˹ȥ
һ̲ɳŵðҲ˵ʲô˹ܼҽȥ빬塣
(δ)

ھʮ 

֪Ƴ¹Ѿ˯ˣæ溰Уүˡ
ٿ˫ۣ˳·£Ѿ档
£
ڽϮѾԡ
˶
븮ϵ
Ϲܼſڵţ޳Сɾ̣ˡ
Щ
ܼҲ˲תŹȥƵĹ뷿
Ź峯ŴϿȥŰƵ֣˫۴͵š
ҽļٵת
ơ
弸ߵǰҽ׷׺ˡ
Ҳ˯ˣȥɡ
ѾûˣĪҲˡ
壬ҪŮʬδùѪ
κΣŮں壬ΪŮźϢҲԸŮ
˵Ҳǿᡣ
ҽ΢΢ͷ̧Ӳᡣ
Ůɳ֮ϣ֮£Ȼǧ֮УҲ㶯ݣΨС㣬㺬á
¶ݡ
ᣬȥ̽ƵıϢȻˡ
屧ƣбչˣ˾ұʦ
屧˾ߣûס׷˳ȥŭ𣺡˶
ߵĿ죬
ظ
ϳתȥ
βһ뿪˲ܵϣ굽˳
Ϊ°£βſ֨֨л߶뿿ֲңֺܵġ
̧һۣİɣӲ£ģɡ
β֨һܵߣͰ͵ĶŰƣҲŻˡ
׷滹Ϲܼס׷ô

ݺᣬҪи̣Ҳˡ

屧Űƣƿ·ȥϵϣ԰׵ķɫҲ
ŵһЩ
磬Ҳ˸ΣμĽҲˡ
һȺ˵֮£ʮҡ
Σһ£۵һ¡
۾ʱ򣬰һսֱۣ۵Ⱦ˵ǡ
ơ
ƻл㱵۾Ź彥
ү
˾ͺãˡ
Ƿˣסһ
ʱŮռһϯ֮ء
Ҫ屧ãŰɣҲۡ
š
β굽Ƶ£β㣬Ȼ˵ĸء
β֨֨л굽һſȥ
ţ·һдĶ࣬üͷ⡣
ǻǲġ
ƵҲƽˣһȷʵУǹ˵ĺܶԡ
Ȼͣ£ˣζ
ǰڸͷİǿ׳ŵˡ
һֱͷˣ
͸ӼүүƵġ
ܰ

æŹִкƸҽ
һĨ⿴İƣΣҵֻǵңүĪҪЦ
ƾûʲôˣҪ
ưסƿ
Ʊţתƿӡ

һһ󼤶ƣûˣ
Ůûˣү𵤡ƽ͵
ֱѰ˹ȥ
һգʮֲá
̧ͷȥ
ү䣬Ȼذɣ֪岻ˣִҪȥ
忴һ۰ƣǿӦذɡ
£ȥһĸš
ϡĲˣƥȻͨ
һ³ŰҪ³ס
ſô嶼˳ۡ
㱧̫࣬ү˻չ˵ƿ˿ڣŰѰƽ塣
ûǰοȻҲѰ˼µĹŹ֣ǰҲй飬侲¸˴ȥ¸ջҪúŮ˵
˰ƹת
ˣæ찲š
Ʊķ£ʣøҽ
ҡͷѾûʲôˡ
š
ŷԸǿȫϣ󡣡
ʱЩ㱣ŹˣŮĺܣ쵹ǹ˳
Ůûʲô£һЩ
衣
Ըߣ泯ȥ
˻Ȼ໥˳ۣҲǢҲͷһڼҵš
˼ôһ£嵽ʲôҩ
ˮ͵벻˿ڲ裬ʰƣƣɺЩˣ
ûˣү
Щ˵Ҳôȫ
в֪ĵ˻֣ȥɣͰ˵źˣſţʲô˴ˣ
ǡ
ţȥӺܿʣˣƲ˵𻰡
Ů⣬ȥͬЩ֪һЩġ
šͷȻ֪¶Ҳ˽ô£꣬ϡŹֵ飬ĲЩ֮˵ùƻģĲȡ
ŮϷ飬ǲġ
˵Ů飬һҹ䡣
˵ǰ˶ҲĲһ
ʲôǲŵġ
ƽͣҲ֪£Ҳ֪˲С©
ţ֪ˡһڲ裬ʡˣ
һʵҲֱ̫ˡ
ȥ嵹ûвãͿȥȷʵ˳ƣʱĹ۲죬ȷʵЩƤҲǲɸȻȢƣҾɡ
⻰˵ĺǿ
Ҳɵӣһһգͻ˵Ǻ룬Ȣˡ
Ʋҡź䣡
Ѿ췹ǻҲܸı£˺αҪԧ죿Ҳá
꣬С
нҲȷʵܿɹˡ
ˣߣ
ȥ棺.ȥһϡ
Źܼæͳţһ·ţѰ˻ȥ
شһҹû˯Ϊ¡
Ҳһҹû˯ţ˯š
ȥһҹ˲˯
˯ѣͱŹ塣
ͣƲ˯ѣ۾æŰִӹЩΡ
ôȥҪǹ.
ӴƳŹ廹ûѣ뿪ȥ档
緹Ҳûԣ֪վ﷢
(δ)

ھʮ ҹҩ

˰첻ˣȥƣſš
үҲ
ƿûվſڡ
졣
ôᣬΪ˶űҲʡˣ
ûأֱߵƵǰ˸ӣү
ΪβԸԲѲɣ䲻㣿岻ˬִ
룬ЩҪ˵
תȥڣĸΣүǧ֮󣬽ض檳ȺҲϣһȺŮһˣ˵һ˯
үҰɣ
嶢Űӿһ᣺Ѳɣǰ̣ΪԸ޸Ůӹһ򣿡
ۣࡣ
үô˵Ҳԡƹˤ
ߵߣֶͷ
ܱ֤мŮˣԱ֤ڻ壬ɼ
Ҳܸĵ飬Ҳ⡣
ҡͷҪǲܣǾͱ£үʲôʱˣʲôʱ¡
ҪЮɫһ
Ůǲʶô
Ѿòôԣ
үҲпԵġһΣŽڡ
˵ôΣ嵹֪ˡ
檵Ƣ㱩꣬뵽үŮһȻ󷢣һСһСˣү۸Σ
ƾƣ£ҧгݡ
ɫһ䣬ǰֵĲǰһС檵飬һĲзϵ飬
䲻ŭ֣
Գ檲롣ίĹתˡ
˰泩תķ羰
ϧûʲô羰ǶӹĽл
˵ҲͲڵǣȥ㹬Է
ƹûʳǰƳԵĺǻ졣
갲ƻȥϢһ죬ڶ˽
˽˱˰а֣ڰһһŰԷҪڳ
ƱȥҲûĿӡ
ǰʱеһ˿ο
Ȼû˵ȴ̵ġ
Ű˷ſʼæ¡
ۿ쿪ˣҲܸ̫ױƷϾְҵǴ
ԼҸ¸ɣҲ׬ǮڳĳǱߣȥ
ʱ䣬ҲˣһЩ񼢺ȶǱ߼ۣһûʳû£캮еҪ࣬ľ͸ˡ
Բϴϣҩͳݳޡ
ȥ
һȥƽ˰
Ϻˣȹȥһۡ
˶Ѱ磬һװɸ··ʱ³ȥ
Ե߰˸ˣƼݣ嶼УϹһЩʵıӣá
ԽЩ˽ȥ棬ԺĲ˵ĺ˿ԵأЩһϢۿͿ첻ˡ
ƹ˲ϷԸ˰ҩҡ
ҩ䣬ߵһŮǰŮ촽ɿݣɫήƣﱧŸֻŵСŮ
ƣСŮ
£Ǵһ㿴ˣһԡ̫ˣһ˵˲ĸǲԸ⣬ϳŰƿ
˲üһһϦеģÿ궼кܶࡣ
ûܹǡ
ǵһ
ȻЩףľãˡ
Ҳǹ¶ɬ
СŮ֣ɨ裬СŮǲԵĸðڹʱĸðûôͱ죬ֻҪ֢ҩͿ
뵽ùأùأЩԸðʲô⡣
ҲѲ͸׼
ȥ׼ˮÿһ룬ҪȡƲ˵Ż˵ĻǲԸðǴȾģһߵ˾ͻᴫȾǱڵĹϵϷǻᷢġ
ðȻʲô̫Ĳ֢ǶڹŴЩ˶ԣڸðȴǺƽ顣
ҲǾΣκʱǲֵǮġ
Ȳ˴ԹһֻСèС
Űȥ׼ĴҷˡƷԸˣתȥ棬ưĸһ飬һҲͲ׼ˡ
еļǷνˣ첡Ҫ룬ܶӣɿֻţҲֻܸǴĺȵݵҩ֭
ݱΪֲеùأȡֱãûйԭ̫࣬û취ùõˡ
ŵıһ⣬Ҳ㱻ײ˸ͷ
ŴҼȰһҹû˯첻ʹš
忴һ˳ţ˳ȥ
·Ͽߵĺܿ죬ŸҩӣһСͷ
컹ţߵĺܿ죬Ҳû˷֡
˳ſóͨеƣ˳ûߺԶ·϶¿ʼڵϵĲݡ
캮ضϵĲݶѩûˣҪڳҪɨɨѩ
岻ǰƤʵ˫ֺס
ԽԽԶԽԶԽߡ
վڳ¥Ͽ棬ų¥ϵĹ⣬ԼüƵӰӡ
ȥʱ򣬰Ѿɽ
ҵƣ˫ִ֡
˼棬Ҳһ⡣
忴Űƺ󱳱ŵĲҩѾһ
콫ĿԿǿݻƵĲݣѹʵϵ
ϲ˯½ˣûʣΪһҩŴҹ
ҩĿҲǲãͷǸ裿
һʱӦòҲɵӣոշϮ£ЩҲôЪѱʱ
ߣһŲ
䣬ɽ·Ҳ
԰ƵҰ⾭˵ɽҪһЩѵľɽ
嶢ĽţһԶ˹ȥ
Сţ˹ǰû˼͹ȥ׵ĸצƵģһ˦ȥˡ
βҩݿ֨֨л߰Ҫˡ
嵹˵ɽµȡ
β֪˱һɽҲͲˡ
ΣŲ
ʣʲôҩûУ
ǹݣڸðҩЧأҪǻĴҰнҩĶϵеϵȣҩƽʱιûеġ
˽͹Ҳڶԡ
ƴһ֣һֺס
·Ը˯ܳ㣡
һٶ׸ߣȥҪһΣǾ㲻ˤҲ
ƲΪȻҩȫȺ
ɽߵĲȣȥһסӲְȥ
(δ)

ھʮ ˼

ҲûЪţżŻȥ
˳ǳŻûжˣƼæƵġ
ſҿۣûʲô˲ŸŽȥ
Ƽæȥ˸ˮ裬ڼ׼ˡ
Ʒҩ굽ԡͰ棬˿
Žŵú׷׵ͷү
̳ȥ
ȥɡ
屳֣ȥ·æȥ棬ŹϹߵǰת£Űƿȥ
ƹ·ֻȥ
ţϴϢ
˵ſʼ۾ϴϴŹͷ·ʱ򣬴ԡͰܵš
̧ͷѾˣ˰찲ƲŴʵʵ
һѩ׵£¿ɣӿɡ
ģ˯·û׼ЩײĶ
ҽģ䣬Ҳů͡Ƕռˣ
һµŰơ
ޱ꣬ԭŴĶ㣬ʱôһˡ
ߵǰ˴ֱš
һᣬҲȥš
Ӹϣת§סƣˡ
ŵû۾ɵԲִ

˫ְסϵˣִ򣬹ҪƲɵһᣬˣҲûˡ
Ҳ۵ĴִսûôۣԸһŮ˰һ
Ƴ˲ٺһֱִ
һҪȥȼЩ񡣡Ʋἰ¡
˳㣬ָһˮϵѿƶֱӡ
ΪүȻķִ磬²գԣҪԲҪ
Գɿһʱ뿪Ƶһţʼִִ.Ϣ
ҲڵĲᣬһû˯ʱҲЩ룬Ϣġ
˸ưѱӸǺãװ˯ˡ
һᣬоߵ˯ˣҲֻܰư͵˯һ
ʱ·űĹݣһ׼׵İˡ
ȥƱŵòᣬһˣˣǸŰƵЩˡ
ҵ鰲ϷԸ˰ȥͽһ¾ۼôˣ汻֪ˣ׷鷳£罫ʹŽſַࡣ
̲ݷаء
±뾪ͰףƸΪġ
ȰѴĴ׼ãŰﰸǿһһӵʱ䡣
Ĵ԰꣬Ƭ̾ͻȽź˰ɡ
ƸϾȥҪ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
͵֪飬̰֣ѴСܳԵɨһգӣװߡ
ϹܼҲԣȻģȻҵ
׵Ľ죬ٹٱֱ
ʱͺͽ˱·۵
ˣҲһ
ٱأ͵ȣʳܿɷȥֻ಻٣¸
Ƶףһ
°ð첻ãһ£
ҪΪ벩ϵô룬ûأżˡ
ãۼôˣҪ˲һ鷳
£췴
Ͱ鴦࣬ǰҲдˣ¹ˡ
ǻʼҵϱɲôƵģһһۣı˯˫۾ŵģܳȼ¾Ǹ¡
ʱѾںˣΪġ
ˣǷȱˣ԰꣬´ˣȥһ
ƴʱϺ޹ʣƽҲࡣ
Ҳһ⣬ȷʵˡ
ˣǰ˴ү֪ǰү¾ܷԸ£⣬үῼǵ͹ֵ
һ㶼˲ֻǿһЦ
´οɲ³çˣ
ʱ֣񱻰ȵݣȷǴձŮǴźӵİõ֯ĵطȥҪ鷳һЩȰõĴɢַݺһأϡ
ЩȫɽǮ
Ұҹȥֱȥ˽ȸ˵£Ҫеҹȥϣ֦
ûв͸ģرسǰۼ˼񣬴ºܿ챻̫ة֪
ةʱѱԴҲпʣة࿴ǹΪ֮
ֱϵĹż˰ɣةԽãԴӰŮţ⾩ԽˣҲá
н죬ةܾ벻ơ
ϧҴʱѱȻϷضҪһةǺ֮ǣ֮ɽͷ󻼣Ƶĳ֣Ҳ·
ʶߣŮڹʧ裬ȴٸнȻһ飬ǵңѲⰡ
˲꣬ϧŮˣ߲ɵͲͣǶָˣΨӣҵת
ҹ˾ҡ
̫鷿˾
̫æ£Ů游ˡ
̫ľ񻨵̫ʦϣûϿڣһϮɫ£˫׻Ƶ·һɲŭǣԳ
һᣬСʵ游
ôˣ
̫ڣһ£вԡ
ǰЩڹͰƷ飬ѾþҾˣ빬ǰҪбƣҲ档
ڳ£ҲѰΰƵķӡ
游䵭Ǻ⣿
ŮӵϢڳ£ѯ游һΰƵķӡ֪ε£Ļԣ԰ƵĺϽˮ಻ǸѵĻᣬã޷ƽϢеļ
̫Σ㣬ΪΪȴҪȥαˣϷԽԽͿˣ㲻úøҪʢɣ֮ǰЩ飬Ϸ򱾲ƽϣû뵽ֻ¡
游
̲ס̧ͷȥġ
̫űӲúõ㻹ڶߣҵŮкܶ࣬ĸȥѡһǡ
游Ҫ
޳µľ
ҵŮƽ֮ˣһҲסˡ
̫ȥɣöȵżˡ
̫뿪һ԰׵ţвʣȴʲô
˯ûⱯ
Ŷ˽ţܼҽү
˵ɡȻ
ܼæ˵ոչˣѯʶ顣
ôˣװ֪
үڳ⣬ۼ˼¾˻ϣ񰲽ѾˡܼҰչ˵˵ǣʵ
˵±ᣬȥɡ
ܼԥһ᣺ǡ
(δ)

ھʮ үò

ܼ˳ȥӴ뿪ȥڿһᣬӣȻҲôˡ
ƵȵӹлظŮ棬˵û£ֻ˵糯¡
֪ûô͹ȥҪϵ˼벻ԡ
Ͱ˵˻ƲŻȥ
ŰƱϳǺģû뵽㺦
֨ѽһƿ̧ͷѾ˽
ү
ĺԸ˸ӡ
ûɵģԿˣûߵǰ⿪·ʼ·
ʵ᲻ҲƤӡ
·ȰƣƲ˵Щȼǣû뵽ֵô²ҵ˽£﹬ô˫۾ء
ǺģҲ֪ҪܾȼõĹȥȼˣЩԸҲ뿿˫ȥţȥȥȥһӣǲԾȣǶٶӴһȥءģƵͷ
ȷʵԱͶ.䣬رЩʵ˵ˡ
ʱ򣬲ǵҲһ˼
˯ɣսʥ½˵깬ƿȥЪŵλӣǰȥš
һҹδߣȥ˹ƱŶβһûţȥϢ
ڰ˵ȻˣŶβ߹ȥ
ôˣ
һƣͷϽڣƽʱҪࡣ
ƴʱЩϵ¡
˸¡ɫȻƲˡ
ʲô˼
崹һ۶βȥ
βȻƵʶǿȴ湬壬һڶβ°ƵĻȥһˡ
ƴ˿̲ʣ鵽ôˣ
һϵӣԭֻ֪аʮˣԴ˵Ǿ˵ҲʲôȻۼ˼ˣǧˣͲݺˣϾӽ£Щʲô¶ĳҲ˵вϵİΣǾڵүǣҲöϷ
Ҫƴ£ͱҪи˵ùȥɡһ£һ߽͡
֣ʲô
Ⱥ˿ڲ裺¾˸Щӣһֱ鲻˸ͷϰ½죬˱һȨ壬ؤԿնࡣ
ô˵Ҫɱˣ
ࡣ嵭ȻѾõķˣѹȥܰ˳Щ񡣡
£ô˵飬ֻΪϵǣҪ
µĻû˵ùסС
ҪȲ鰸ӣɱˣƶЩⲻȥɱˣЩ˾ġ
ȻȲ鰸ӣ˳ץһץоԣڳ⣬ǲȻץҪˣҲֻɱһӰˡϾ鷳Ĳ£ҪЧҲȷʵ˵ȥ
ۿ۰ƣܵõȫǵúúллǡ
֣ǿи˸ҪɢүοҪȥЩֺõ鷳¡
ζү֪ˣպȻүҲţøү鷳Ρ
巴֪˵Щʲôˣ˼Ƭ̣˵ˣλϸ˸Ҳһյ飬ϵ˼һķˣȻɴСҲȷʵ˿ӡ
죬һ죬Ҳֻô˵ϡ
ƾѾǹһˣҪȻֱӵȥץˡ
Ļм֮飬ƶ࿴һṬ塣
лл㣡
Ų׼ȣƸл⿴ȥһĨŹ֣ĵģ
Ȼĵġۣ˵ʱͲܱô̽
лʵԲԸ⣿
Ѳɳ£û˵ˣһ꣬ǲҪõү仰Բ飬һ˵£˵ܳԷһҲû˭ˣ
ҲûУս顣ϾԴǣ˵¶
ôˣ.å
ΣŲأ湦㣬ȴΪ֮ݡ
ŮΪüݣŮ쵹Ǳһζ
ȥ֪ΪΣûְҲ죡
Σ޷ʣοҲͣˣҲ֪ģʶѡ벻ģֺܽ꣬Ͽûʣ磬ҪӦԵġ
ǺܸмҲ߯ҪЩˣ
ƶˡһתɫҪ£Ҳڶ
ʲôʱ£Ʋ֮¾ˣ
˲裺ն޽֢֮Լ˵ģҪΪѡ飬˳©Ҳ¡

ǷˣڼҲǹ
ǹġ
͹⣬Ҳں
ʺҩҪû£Ҳ˵
ֻ뵽Ҫѡ£Щ
˵ڻƣ˵׼һ¾ˡ
ƿȥԲΪӣ
ûôǳֻҪ벻ȢҲֻˡ嶯֮֮
ǺõģǶӵģƸ۾Щ
һǹȥˣҲһģҷŰɡ
Ϣ죬Σȥ˵顣
Ƹ̫׼ϴҲˣиֵ̫ʹͣ˳ȥϵۡ
˴εļЩر𣬰ĵϵۣ˶£ֻˡ
ϵϸŰƣЩ
ϣŮ
š
ϵ£ȥ£סɨ裬ƽŲ
ƹ˵ϣĲѾȬ
ô˵޺ܿͻԼĺˣϵ۵
ƳĬһ᣺Ů˵
㵹ǳʵûˣʺ͹ŶϢϵ۴Űơ
ⲻ˵˵ʲͬЩЩõ
ʺǲˣʺԼҲ˸;ҩҪȳ˽ҩҲпܵġ
ֻǽӴΣƶƳҲЩ˽⣬һ͵ˣҪǻӣҪ£ϵô꣬²ô򵥵
ôϵȥһߣƻ̧ͷȥ
ϵۺͰȻ£ʱϵȷʵࡣ
ϣиԼĺӣҲȥ಻Ҫ鷳޸ϣǻʺ޵ġ
΢΢һ£ҲҪʺԸ
ϵʣĸΣɻӣ
ƾ⻰ЩŹ֣˰Żأӡ
ţذɡ
Ƹ˲ŴĵܾŹ֡
(δ)

һ 

ż鰸Ĺ壬һԷʣ鵽ô
û
嵹ǲż˷ˡ
˷ȥѾϴɾ׼ȥϢˡ
ƾ˯һ𲻰ȫȻȥĺá
ƻصӱ׼ȥϢˣҲæһ졣
ո£űš
ƿſڣεȥš
ſվţ湬岢δҪһϢ
˵깬ţߵǰƿӱȥš
ʵڲ硣
ţŻȥš
Ϩ˵ƣʣ⼸տ뵽ʲô
ƻһ£Ҫ˯ָˡ
ʲôү
֪˵ʲô
ȫͿĨ˶ҩŻȥҪ߳ʶã̫ûЩ
巭§ŰƵ̧ƿ֣˵ڲţ˯ˣ䣬һ
ޱ꣬ôôҽڡ
㲻
ƵֽɿʵҲ֪ڷֿ˯˻굽Ļ
ʵЩ䣬赹мȴԶ̫ҲѬǺˡ
ҲɵúжҲûУرִԺȻ
ӵЩ趼ڴ齸ϵ°ˣܹʲôá
ûȵĶ˯Ȼ䣬繬Ǳߵůء
ȻƲ֪ʲôģӣƽ﹬Ͼġ
ӲĴ֪˶١
ȥԡ
ֱۣƱŲ˹ȥһ
ƵľϣԽԽ̣ûӦֹȻͲʵ
Ҳûˡ
ǶҩǲѾ˶Էһ˵һŰơ
һ£š
ҩɱˣ
ҡҡͷǲܣҾɱڣԶҩҪ쿴ʲôҪ졣
ҩϴһͻ͸ƤʱƤγãһջܣӶ˾ҪһȥҲҪʮ£Ļɡ
ôԵҩŽ⿪µĴӣƻЩϮ£Ѿ⿪£ȥ֣Ѿס졣
ȻǲӣιҲ˹бܰôǱѹţƲҽһ
Ⱒŵһ£Ҳŵòᡣ
žͿһţʹĲҶˡ
Ҳûõȥһ£Ҳܱ
ԭȿ˲ⷽ飬׼Ҳ㣬ʵڲ׼ƿص飬ر°ʹ״̬
ҲҶһֱȵһ¹壬ȥЩæһʱûƺȣˡ
Ҳɵˣǹ궯Ǹûõ⣬ǱȻġ
ù
űҲ
ģƲһҹû˯
ǰ˯ˣڹ廳ﻹȥ
С̧ѻЩģȼ־ѰƵ°ס
۾ŵĲ˵ԡ

лûü˵УѾ˻ȥ
£ǹɶֿʼ궯ǿƲסҪ
治Ƕһҩ裬ѿˮӡ
Ȼİ۾ִ裿
Ҳסˡ
˵ʲô
Ʊǿɨ壬ԣû뵽ɨ赽ˡ
淢֣ԭ͹ɻõ裬ȻһŷڣȻֻһţҲҪˡ
ҧס촽ܸоҩЧӡ
ĴִĹе¡
ôˣ
ڻвʼˣƱ죬ȫð
֪Ҳ취⣬Ҫǲˣ
£Ľҩ
裿鵱յΡ
ڣʲô
Ź壺㣡
Զ㣬ڲ˹
æȥԺţȷһӰܽȥ
ſᣣصǰ
ϵñһȥҩЧǿЩʶͷĵѪ
һЩ
ҲǵúʲôѾǵڶˡ
Ź壬һֻһˡ
û
ȫۣ뷭
Ҳûһ˯ϣ˯ѲžúЩ
ֹ嶢۾ǿŷӣһĿתʲô
(δ)

һһ źð

ʶĽͣүҲ檹³çǳ
ੲݵС죬Զ»ȥ
˵ôЩϻ޷Ҫȥ
ԸĨһ֮
ôá
ףǷҪġ
֮ǰưڳӵСӲǲ
붯֡
²ɡ
Ʊűӣм£Ҫ˵˵
˵屧Űƣҡͷ
ǿ˵
գ;ڹƫҽʲô¶ЩûԲҲˣҪˣµûţܻ
ЩȻ𲢲ն˵л뵥˵Ҳ˵ЩʲôӦ
ţƲš
ûģʲôɻɵģ
Ȼˣֹӣ˵ʲô鶼ûУֻ˵˵˵Ҫ·Ҫ
ǿɩͲ´ȥʼ棬ܵԽԽ
еöˣյ鱾Զ췢ģ˵һʵ֣֮ԸʬƼ֮ࡣ
һݣ㵱ûõ飿
档ƿӣ굽棬ûоܾһ
˭û̫żƻл˵
ʲôһպ󲻼û˵Ҳˣǻˡ
·ʲô֡
㣡·ԭûѵû£ϸ룬ȷʵˣڵʱҲû·
ڶģͱ˵޸Ǳ̫У˵İסˣδӦ⿪·¶бı޺ۡ
ƾ㵣ô˵δˣҪ
˵ǶǱĶɩ飬ݣںͿȻڵ顣
ǶպĹϵɩݼᶨƵ֡
ô˵û˼
˼
ΣȷʵС޲£÷Ī˵ǱԼǾǣҲû뵽ǻΪɩ
ǰͿʵ
ʲôʵƲ⡣
һʶۺ֮λȻ
ûҪʶ֮ģ
˵ûôȥ˼
˵壬Ѳ⣬˭֪յĺǲյĻοһٵǵλ֣ʲôǲܵģ˵
һЦй;ͷΣ볣죬ҪӱԵõĹӣʲôãǸ߸ϵĵλǶ˭֪
ô˵ҲԣԾѲɾһ㺣ҪۺͲҪˣΪ㻹ˡƵ
ҡͷ̫˽ģôִܶȻ֪ôģǾ̫ġ
ңôദǰǢôǱƵģ
ƺȻ㵣ô˵һ֪ƭ㣿
̫ŮվãǺϣʱˮȻ£빢ڻ
ˣǵǾ䣬飬Ҳ顣
飬ô᳢ζƵ°ͣ
ƶʱڣҪҺۣӻỵġ
ɲܣź֣ҪźˣҪź򲻺ãݹֱûûأŪˡ
뿹ֻӦŹ
ǰûڣ湬Ҳ˿ûֱʮ˰ȫˡ
ҲϣЪһᣬֱѣһ飬һء
ûݣûаŵ죬ܿ´ʹ˵˺С˵˺
⼸վЩŪҲԸˣŪҩţȻϱϴ͡
ڵһЩҲһЩ
ڸҲû£һֽƣ׼Ͱֽƣ߸ոն֣Ϳ˼ææĽˡ
ԺжˣȥɣҽҲȻܼҼæ˵
ƹ˲ȥ˺Ժ˺ԺƲ֪жǸ֣˵ֻе죬Դһʱ벻ʲôʱˡ
ҿƶסֵֵ֣ͷҿƣƵҲ⡣
ɨ谲һ£ƿֵȥĿֱϵá
ôŪģ
˲֪жԼҲ֪жˣܼ֮˵жˣǿ촽Ϻɫжжˡ
ò棬ҲֻԼ֪Ҽ֪ˣδ֪жˡ
һʣƹˣһ߿һ߿ͷһŰƾ
(δ)

һ ֳ

ȥū澲ãū澸ڸʱū澿˳ۣûڮԣū澣ūСūҪи̣һСôֹز𣬿޵ʮҡ
ʣǻʶ
˶ūǸĹ֣±ūһְģū
ǻ飬ѹֿ졣
ȥ鲻ᣬҲ޿ĹˣȻˣܾȵı᲻ܣ˵
ƿ˿Ժˣ١
Ҳȷʵ˶ࡣ
ɢ˰ɣˣġ
ȥӣҲԸվš
ﰲ£վŶ߶£ҲǿˣҪ
ңӸ֡
Ұ˰ӷ£ֶ£˲ᡣ
̲סޣ۰
ţ֣ĶôŪȥģ
£ֿѿȫӣһ޸ѿˡ
Ҳǿޣ޵ʵѿ
֣ʲô˵ʲôҲǰ㲻ģҪ˵үˣ㡣Ż֣ҪܲˣǾ͵ùԼˡ
ȻʵûʲôʵȨ
ҪǹЩûûҹ¶ˣЩҲܸôӡ
ֱūҲ˵ū澾ǲ֪ôŪȥģū澲Ų֪ô˵
ʲô˼ˡ
ū澴ǰ;ô·ʱֱʹū澴ͿֱһƬūΪס˳ӣū澸ҧˣҲû£ūƤ񣬴һô⣬ֱԽԽԽԽʹūץ¾ȻƤʼˡ
ūһֱΪǳҧˣŮץƳŨˣͲţ¹ܼҰҸϳȥ
һ˵һ߿ޣΡ
ŴˣҪûˣҪת̸ˣиʲôģѾǿˣڸﴫȾ˵ġ
ûʲô£һһùܼҸҩ˾ͻûˡ
лллллҲ˵ʲôԺȥš
ҹŻȻ˲ڣһԺֵ顣
һһʣүô֪ģ
ûʲô֪ѲΪֻ˯ǵ㱾£
£Ƶ°ֱͣȥ
ֱۣ˵ƾʵж֤һ£
˯еĴ£屧ŰƣڰƵϻŮ˵ȷʵ֣ҲǴʱס
˸һӣӵ˶û
봩岻Լô
˾ˣѾĿꡣİơ
Ŀ꣬һʼˣүˣ檲̫ԣ޳檣֪ģֻû뵽ôһأҲ˺ϾɱϾһ˵ġ
ûˣбְɣҲôԳƳ檣裬ơ
תƻ⣿ôƺΪȻ
˵ġİƣ籾Ҫȥ鰸鵽һͷ绹Ҫ顣
үǻ׹ݣ
ɣұǿϮĿȻŻʼҵ֦ԶˣҲǻʼҵˣ£͢ȻܲܣٶˣǺúõģΨˣ˸ͷ­ߵǮˡ
˵͵ķͽΪһҧ˵һӶҧˣ±Ѱˡ
үΪѾˡ
ôĽƱֻǰĴˣǶĿɣ
һҧǿ͵ķͽһƽжɺޣһҶٶڿڷһ¡
ûȷʵǸɺ޵ˣܶɺޣ¶ؽǷˡ
үںƿɲš
嵭Ȼغʼҵ棬ݶϷ
ʬ
ϧʬѾ磬ҪڳҪͬ⡣
˵໰ҹ˯
ڶ˱·ȥ鰸ư츮¡
ȥִ֣ʱѾûʲô£˿ڲãҿʼˡ
æŹߵл
ū澸мľ֮û
˵û¾ͺãЪűֻ˳ֱۺûУҪ
ȥҲȥ档
氲ȥʱѾ׼׵棺˶ˣԸҪкԺ˶
ţǰ
ǰԸ
ʾȥ飬Ѿͷ㹻ϸҡҡͷʣô
УݽղڣŰȥˡԺǰ档
ɢ˰ɡתӺԺ뿪˼ȥ
(δ)

һ 

ǰԺƸո£ˮûüһڣʣǻɰݣ
ƶ봵˴ĲҶҶ񻹲ϰȵ䵽档
ʵ治ֻֻһƬҶĲҶѾȥʣµȥҪˮãǲ費á
Ȼˮǲõľǰˡ
һڲ谲ưѲ£Żش˵Ͻɱǰݣ
һȻһ
˰ݰɡ֪һͱүݻɡ
ݽʱͬգһʼͳ£үпɲܲʣүɱ£үԲ֮
û˵תŹϲϣ¡
ԸеһС
²
һϵ·ŰҲϷŹݣ´η˰ݣҲҪɱҵ뷨ǻɱңǺ¾үүҲˣοүδز֪
뵽ֵ¹һѯʣ˵һ֪ˡ
סġ
һᣬʰƣҸүֵ飬ֻҪҲ˵һȥ
ˣһ˲˵Ҳ˵ҿԴӦ㲻¸үδͲ֪
ݺͶϣСʱݾ˵ҪȢã󣬰һҪѰҺòײҪִԲڣȻк³ȥ˵Ҫү飬үһġƿͷ
ƷЦˣǺˣǶˣ
Ƶûףǰﻹǲ˵ˣԼ¡
ʥĸǣô
ƾǴӦûô죬ԥһ£˵е˵ϵҡ
Ż֪뿪ˣû֪˵кܴɣܲµүҲһܲµžûµġ
οʿô֪ҵѪԾ˵ģ֪Ҳûм©ıȻˡ
ϵ˷ӵҲͺ˵ˣǰݷŷȥҪʿɱҡ
ڿϵһƵҲûκδǹңǹġ
˵ȥˣǰѻ˽ŷ絽İ취һθһˣйᡣ
Ὥʿڴɱͷ
ⶼǴҪģϻͷһʰҡ
΢ᣬû˰£Ϊޱȣ͵ķʰҡ
ܶôҽҪǴӦˣ͵ǰҵԴſȡ
ƿģҪ˵װɡ
һʱסûӦˣǲ
ƺĲ裬Ҳٶ˵ȥԳš
ܼҺͶڣƿ˷Цʲôˣô
ȥƱͽס

תĸΪѣǽҲò˵
롣밲ƸȥƸ˹ȥ
ƫԶһ䣬ǱһĲ̫üªķӣƸߵ棬ָָ̧©ĴƳ濴ȥ
ӲǺܴ󣬶ҺܺڰֻԼܿдһѵˣǸ˰Ƹպܿǰݡ
ݴһ·ﱧһľӣλƿĺ
һ£ƾ˹
͵ıҪ顣
飬Ȼ֪ģ飬˰ݣûУݱɡ
ˣ̵ǣ廹ϵˣɵˡ
׹ƿͣת˰Ǳߡ
ţЩ
ƽŰֱͦȥƣ;ڰƵš
°ɫȹ·ȻҡҷˣҲĳߵĲѿ
תʱŰȥ
Ҹү飬᲻˰ұ㲻ڹˣģȷʵǷһξ˰ɡ˵ŴóһСƿӡ
ǽҩȥݣ˵͵ȥģȻݻ᲻ãҪƭȡҩùܼȥ֣ûģûȥߣɼоȵġ
סֻҵһЦҲᡣ
˵ȥ棬ﻹЩȷʵˡ
æϵҩƿӣתȥ˺ԺҰݡ
ƿˣվڽĹܼңס
(δ)

һ Ժ

ϻظûȥԷ
أû˹ڡ
ܼԥһ£˺Ժһֱû
ô¿ӣ׼
үȥ
ˡ徶ֱӷȥҰƣԺ￴һۣʱƵˣ˵ڡ
ţô
ڡæҩġ
ƿŹ巴ˡ
ϴϴ֣Ūˣȥ塣
ˣԴ˯ˣ֮Ĺϵʵķֻ˵£үְƿÿɲá
Խơ
ôȥԷѰƱסֱơ
ûҲסڴϣҲ⿪ϵ·
˫§ŹĲӣи£ܴӦô
£֪ʲôȻÿүҪһ̣ʱ˵ҪȢˡ
ǡƹϻش
üˣ
ʲô£
ݵģ
ͣһ£ܿ챧ȥ᣷Ȱ°ˡ
һ.࣬һƣڹϻȦȦʵеӶˣֻǲܴûյȡ
ʱҪסˣǲø顣
ŰƵС֣ͣȷʵڣǳԲ
ֻˣ
ЩˡЦŻС˵Ůˡ
˻ȥԷЦⰻȻȥ۶ˡ
סȥ룬ĽݣӢˡ
֪ҪһȽϣǸʲôӣ
־úЦôһȽϣˡ
ⲻǵү𣿡ƳӣȻеۣΪһٷҲȥˡ
ӳһЩƾԵ.һ¡
أȳԷ

ƾϵŮңֻ۾ϡ
һ뿪ĺԥѾ·ȥſˡ
㣿Ļô죿
ƺҶˣҪȥԵ㷹ݵү롣
˵갲Ƴȥˣʲô˼ûˣֻȥҰˡ
Űȥ˹ȥ
źݺݵһ۰ƣȥ˦ӣ¿ơ
ǶԷ
óôʡ
óԣүƬɿڡưһƬƬ͵ߣ崹һۣԭĻ˴룬ſĹƬ
ƽʱԹƬãճģζ㲻ͬˡ
үԷƼ̶˵ԹԶԷ
࣬ﲻסЦ
⻹յүôʱˡ
˷ƻȥԺһ£㿪żɽ˵ݵ¡
Щ£ذɡȰƿڣתԺˣˣ
»治ð죬ʹ̵ľҲףͺ鷳ˡ
ȥŹ壬һ˴Ա״̬£ûþ˯ˡ
˯Ҳûã͸˽ˡ
ܼſһţʲôʮ𼱵顣
űĵĺҪѿƵģȻ״򲻶Ҳˡ
ƾδϹܼŵã·Ǵŵģ˴ȥš
ܼҡƴܼңܼͷ󺹣żĶˡ
ŵʱˣ֪ǹܼңҲ⡣
ǹܼ⸱ļٵӣЩ֣ô
үںԺðͰݣ㡣
ܼ˵޲һѰƣֱܵԺȥˡ
˿̣Ժƻͨ
Ժһصˣа͡
Ժһ⣬ԺΧĻѶľ׮ϲŵġ
ſͣһ£һԺм̫ʦϣŸˮĹϡ
һɫĽ´磬ſĻҺãӵʹߵϷѬ㡣
ټԺӣѬ㿴죬ǴһЩӣѬҲǹõģ˴ĺԺҴССԺ֮󲿷ֵԺУԺģһ󲿷ֵԺ䣬ǰԺҪܶࡣ
ټԺӣмһõӣϰһ޹޹Ƕܶƨã
û°;ʲô⣿
ǰ߰Ѿ۲쵽һȺ˹ڵϣֻһ˱ˮ˯˯ţ˯ˣƽ˯һǱžˮָͷţ֪û˯档
ʶƻǵһμĹ壬İ
һʱ䣬ҲûӦ
ߵ˸ǰͿʼĬ
Ҳǵ˹ǰŵһѪζ֪ѬĿģžɢѪζ
ͷȥǰǵӡ
첻ˣһϢĴͷ
һֱ۶ˡ
ʲôҲ¿ǹڰݺ£ԭΪֻǲӦû뵽ﴦðݡ
ү񣬿ڵ
˯ʲôƣ̧Ϲܼҡ
Ϲܼͨˡ
ү˰ݰɣҿɾôһˡܼһͷѰһ
岢δ˵ǰƣ۰ݣȥϹܼҡ
޹زɷԲȻ˴ǾͰոĹذ죬ոսãԸĹػ˽⣬£ǰˣŪǺŪΪôúŪ
ˮƣˮͭƵģʮ־ƽӹţȵģȻΪůֵġ
ɨɨ·һڴ֮ǰΪڸ̹ЩȰĶԹ˽ˣóײ
п˵ǸС
үʲô˵ãʱڣ¶أӲá
˵ȻҪٲˡ
˵ǣңȥˡĶŰЦ˵ǻȴðƲ
ˣˣ
˰ݵ¡
үҪҲ°ɡ
ƷˮҪ£һ£
⻰ŭ⣬
Ʊȥֱӱ˸
ôǰġ
Ҫ˲ôࡣ
̧ͷƿŹ壺үҪΣھͰѴȨңҴˣ㲻֣Ĳãٲ֡
忴ϵİݺͰδӦ
ǺðɣһؽүҪôҲܣҵ͸ˣһʲôģΪ߲嵶ҾðûдԹТȫү¿ɼѵҲ塣
ܼΪ˻ȥǸɽҲûд
Ȼǹȫֵġ
ΪһˣЩ˶ˣүġ
үȻˣǶûбүⶼǺõġ
ңȷʵ캦飬ò飬㺦˰á
жδȥʹΪӱ𣬻ʲôж
үңѲɱ㲻ˣ뿪
ûлӦȴƵĶŰơ
(δ)

һ 

ҲΣ촦ˣûҲˣˣպ滹ôȥ
ǰԭһҪĲйһ¿ˮ̵ľɱ·ˣô죿
үҲԩүҲˣԽ˵ԽˣĹüġ
Ҫðûû֪˿˯ˣŴ¡
ȥϰ죿
ͻؽ
ɣֻܵ˯¡
ܼⲻĶȻȥˡ
ͷ˵
үһΣһ˵ĻᣬǷٴҲ٣͵үˡ
˵žҪ¹򣬹ף㵱Ҫ£
үҹ£Ͳ׷ˣ
ƶŹ˫۾ദҲһԣǰԭȷʵʹʱõҲ㲻ԴõĺãҲ˳ʲô£Ҳ˳ġ
ֵô󣬵Ҫ˵׼ܺŪȥ
ĿӣƬ̣ӣߵĲһ˿ɡ
תŹȻȥıӰȥߵôż˿εô
ûôףҪɴǣοأ
˲Ϲߵж찲ȥݣȫǵӣٲܱɡ
ȥݣݺ㱻һƿˣˣ
ûˤһ¡
æҪһֱȴʹ϶ֻܸż
æŷŰɨɨ֣Ҳ⣺ɣûµĶȻȥ
˭ҲҲɢ
ͺϹܼƣΣĲ壬ˮˡ
ܼʵ˵ڣҲ˵ȫǷϻ
˵֪Ϊ
ƿݣѪ˫ۺݺݵĶŰơ
ƺֻҪѰɱˣʲôԸ⡣
֪ңҪұҲұֹѪͿٻָҩҪɱʱԣϣܹ͵͵
İ֮ҺܺڣҲжΣʲôʱ򶼻㣬Ҫ㣬ҾͲհ
ǣұûУʲôˣ
˵갲Ʒȥ
ȥݣһƿ
ãΪʲôΪ𣿡ݷŭ˻𣬰תȥʹĿŰݡ
³£æŰƳ˺Ժ
뿪Ժƻǲģſڿ
ûЩҩҪ뿪̫أε˾ˤˡ
Ҳ˲ϻԺܽ˺Ժ
һ˵ȾȰݡ
ƶ̽һ£ݻ
ܼͣңҰ͵ȥ
ͺ͹ܼǰ̧İѰŪϾӣԴݵˡ
ңȥҵҩҪ㣬Ҫ롣
һ󲻽⣬תˡ
ˮˮ
ǡ
ȹܵ÷ɿ졣
ϹܼļٵģҪȻ
иҽϹ˳ȥҩĿߣݣС飬屶ӣʯ֬ʯƤƤǡ
¼ǲסҡæҧֱָӰҩд·档
Ϲܼŵö߶£ûվȾڵˡ
żҵֱۡ
ſڵţһḮҽˣϰҩ
ǡ
һ߷Ըһ߳˰ݵ·ĵӰΰȥ˸ûӦҲһˡ
ѪһأĿġ
ˮ˹ֱ˿ӣ̫ˡ
·Ūãײֱ˿ڡ
ҰҩҲˣҩһŵ廨룬߿ʼϡ
һŵúιȥ
˵¾ͳȥ
£Ҷ߶µģ£кӣǺˡ
˵ʣ¶ˡ
ҽܿϵһݵӣٿ˿ڣҲŵòᡣ
ҽɵӶκãΪ档
ҽ̧Ӳ˲ϵĺ
µǲ
һλֱ۽ӹϣһλҡ
˷Ըλҽֱж˳࣬Ҳʱ䣬ƶĺһġ
ҽæ˲ĸɾӣһĲ
ʱ򣬸պÿһĻɫ˳ŰѲߣԸƲ
ҽǻæ񣬹ҲᣬǳⰲƣСˣ
ƴʱ˲ô࣬רĵĺܡ
һһСš
۵ģҪˡ
ӹǣڲ
֮ǰ£ԭ顣
øҽϡ
̲סڣƵȥˣҡҡͷ´ΰɣβС
ԭȰҲǴ㸮ҽæҽ㵵ָ֪ˡ
忴һۣжã
˵׼ˣ
żﲻæ۰ݣϧ
ҽ㿴ж٣ĥɷĩҪá
ǡ
ҽæȥŪߣֲ㣬ĸҽҲˣǺܿ졣
Ʒһʱ۵Ķ졣
ŪԵģҶˡ
Ȼһ£תȥҳԵġ
߷˿ֹѪײҽסľϡ
ǡ
ҽٲס˿˰ݵͣҩǰʣµĹֱӾ׽ˣ³ȥ
ָָ֣
(δ)

һ 참

ץһѹ͸ҽ׽˸ԣʣµĶҪԡ
ҽһĨ꣬ⶫľҶӲ࣬ô׽ɤҪҪˣ
ܾ׽ģҲܣ
˸ҽߵǰҪôιݣ֪֪߳ܣ˵ȥ滹ˣ
˵ſ˹廳վȶվƵġ
һ˫§סүˣ
һѱסƣͷѾ۾ˣ𱸣Ҳֻʣˡ
屧ƣȥ
һ·ϣ弸սֱۣ¡
˻ȥ˯纮·ϽΣ̣Ҫ۵˼ޣȴô̲ס
۾ƻҲ˵ɹ屧š
صԺ˷¹ҽҽƿˣ˵ǹۻ˯ˡ
ûʲôҩЩ
߬ŰƵ֣ƽʱҲеģεĵЩҡ
Ҳ֪£ܿѣǵġ
ҽѰ˼һɫǺܺãѪã粹Ѫɡ
ô
ǲѪ
ţ
ǡ
ҽ׼˼ŵˮﻯƬ˲Ρ
Ϊʡ£ԼֱӸһ롣
ҽ۾ͷҿ
Ѿڶˡ
΢΢תѣ屧ȥϴ衣
ȵˮͰƱѹڹĻֻܶͷš
廷˵ҹ鱾ûз²ٷ
š
˴ȻҪгϵ̬ȡ
̾ϢҲǸϣܻţȻˡ
£ݱᰲãԱ֤
ƿȥү˼˵Ҫһӡ
Ѿʴˡ
ү˵ûң᲻ᴦðݣƺȻܺ档
ҡͷûʲôᷢòҲᱳѱ
ߵˣֻڱ治ã㱾ɱǵĸĸˣҲֻ
պɱҵɱ㣡
ƾǿЦġ
Ц˭֪
ǽ컹ǽ˭ɱҵҾɱ˭ǰǹ¶Ľиĸˣеˣ˭Ҫǰɱˣ͵˭
һѰƵСûǱ¡
кͲ£û£Ͳôһһټ⻰⣬ڵҵˣܲô࣬ҪǰԤ룬һǸģô죿
屧ͷף²Ҳգ˾Ϣ
šƱųȥȥϢƱŹ㲻ȥ鰸ӣ
ûʲôչϢ
үڸҲ£Ҵߣܰ鰸أ̧ͷƣ۾
룺Ҳãڸﱾȷʵġ
ллү
ƻȥòĹһȥץһѣѰưס
컹ûá
治Ҫ
ҪľǲҪء
һͰĲС
˷ƻһװŹȥ참ӡ
˲гһžͱﶢˣŵð̧סһǰߡ
ں㵱࣬࣬ߵǰͷȥˣ
һŶ鷳
Ƽæߵ󣬵ͷ
ճĨڣñϳǸ֪ŻҪ˵ȥˡ
š
ƵǾǸİ취
̧ͷȥĸֺȻ۵ס
ư磬һСˡ
ǰмţƲʶģ͡
һ£æŴ̨
үôѣĻûڣƵ˻ȥ
ǰŲ鰸ġ
ү;²ףҪǱ˳ȥãҲá
үţܴģʲôˡ
ȥȰ⣬Ѿ˹ƴӺ漴˹ȥ
үͻ˵ʲô˰֣ʾ죡
Ͳ˵ֻΪѵĿƣϣܻȥţûµʱܳ
ϴڳȻǺģǺİ˻¡
ǿѹȥҪҪΪһѺˡ
Ҳǲģ˵ǸҪ㲻ǻΪѡ
Ҳƻˣ
͵һᣬǰȫ˼ŵ˰ӵϡ
ȥ˹ǰ
ǰȥ飺˵˵顣
ҲƴǣֻȥͰ˵˵͹˵һ˰ԴժˣԴҲڹҵˣô˸ȫʬ
ǹжӶŮиĸô
ڲ˵ʵʥʵ۵ֵܣ˵˹һڣ˵游ûеĺáѡ
˵´ע⣬ȸ˵¡
ϮĿ游Ͽˣĸ쿤Ǵǰģ쿤ҲǰͲˣеֻŮǣڹã˵֣ʮλ檣ȴֻһӣС
˵еܲסˣôôأҼҺϡȱ
ô檣ôȥˣ⸮ŮǲҪз
ǣĵǼƶɭϣΪ̶Ҫ޵ģһ˸ܳ裬ҪǷڵʱ򣬲ܶٸЩģִ̲磬ѳˣҲȨ谮̴õġ
˵ˣҾˣҲ£а֡ˣŴŮֻֿݣ
˵ǡ
üһĹ壬˵ү㲻ϲңΪޣ
ʱ˵ϲˣ

Ͳˣ
ſмʮֹŵŮվһЩͣ壬ŮһʮŮ˵Ĵ£һͬߵǰ˸ӣӭӹ塣

˵Ҳ˻˵ɩɥ֮£Ըྪţɩ˲عңҲ⣬ǵãʱɩ˵ˣɩһֱо֮⡣
Ϊǵã֪˵Щʲôǳˡʤм
һ˿ǳЦɩ˴ʱ򣬱Ҳڵġ
ôת빬ȥֱӾܾˡ
ȥˣٿ鲻ҪȥϸˣⰸֻԵжˡ
ˣʱȺ
֪ˡ
תһԺȥš
·ûʲôˣʹ壺ʶ
(δ)

һ 

ʶԭǾһǼʶ˹
ô˵ǹϲ˻£
ƲҲ뵽ˣʵʲôˣ벻ʲôˣӹϿɫףʱȻӣˣôܷŹ
˵ʱͻС֪Ҳ࣬ʱѾǻˣӦͻġ
ƽʱΪΣʵ
ûлش𣬵ͣһС˵Ϊãϲ黨ǲݣˣҲϲã֮á
ô˵治Ǻܺã檣߸ͺãŪʮ˵ҪˣǺԱգ
ⶼʲôʣ
巴Цƶ죡
ƸߵһԺӣŹָָһطǳµĵطûͷҲûֳǴﱾǾȥɣš
Ҳɣǰæ
չָĵطȥ
һƬѪΪʱ̫Ѿ˵棬Ҳˡ
ƶϸŵϵѪһ׳һЩɫֽСڵϹһЩѪŵֽϣۺһŵһߣ顣
屳ֿͲ⣬ߵʣүʲô
岻ͷô֪
ҲͷԣƽʱǼ壬ȴҪط
˵˵ñɹӳȥ岻죬ŮȷʵŹ֣ӳ˻һֱܹŹ֣˻ŵù
͵ɣ죡
ϱ죬ɲ˵
Ƽ򵥵ļһΧ۲һ£ԺӲǺܴ󣬵ԺһôԺǸĺԺ涼ǷݣǸġ
ȥ淿ӣƿų濴ȥ￴һЩϡŹֵĶ̲ס˽ȥ
мģһЩӣϺܸɾǽЩǸ̾ߡ
ƵǰȻһ棬Ǹɱ˺˵ĵطŮء
üģ϶̽С˵ˣôܣ
ЪһᣬŴȥģԺӶĹ첻һʩҲࡣ
ƴȥҹ壬氲˵ǸӣûٺˣܿǱѰɱˡ
Ǽ˱жϰı¡٩
һ˵ĵطȥ˵ͣ˵
ǡ
˵ǰµϣģһѩ
ԺӲʱضǰѩӡûмӶһܵĽӡ˵ĵطŴƬѪһЩΣЩûˡ
˵Ѱ𣬵ѰҪɱˣʱĽӡжϣǵӷӶģΧһȦҵǮƵӣ˽ȥ˷ʱĽӡ鱦䵽˵ûüߵġ
ͣһ£ʱǱˣӡȽҡ
׷ҸϣҪܣԺм򶷣չڵϣͷ­ĵطԭ·뿪ͷ­ǽҵġ
͵Ļһ£ô˵֮˵ĽӡûУ
⵹ǣµǺӣҲǹĶСǸԺӵǣмˣԺƽʱڵĹϵ˵ֻƽʱŻǹĵطԶֹҲҴ롣
죬ǵſ뵽Щҽ
ӴŻˣ޲ֹ˲˺ӣŷˣԽӡµĺ١
Ͼ񲶷񲶷Թʣǲ˰£ľǵ͵
ǻʼҵˣ¹Ľ㣬ͻ࣬ԩ£ԭԽ᰸İӣͷ
˼˰ԺתһȦ˵ү˵᲻ûǸһж۷أ
Ҳ֪ûǸңɱ߾⸮Ǳûҵ⿪ķӡ
û뵽Ů˵ôǿǰЩӵ񲶷ʱ񲶷һҧⰸ޶˾ǵΪ֪鲻ô򵥡
棬κԺӶǰԺӸûʲôֵǮĶȥԺӣ˹ֱǱƫƧĺԺ䣬˵ȥ
Ǹ̾߷Ǯ
뿪·߾͵Ժ⣬Ҳȥ
ǳѩ֣ҲӴ˰ӵѶȡ
ƶŹ壬ĸһ΢Ц˹Ȼʵû֤ݣץˡ
أ͵뷨
ҡͷ²鰸ʵڲУⰸȣҪ˵Ҳⰸȷʵ⣬ɵأҪ¿
˵˵ءƶᡣ
ֻӲͷƤ˵ү˵ǸˣΪ˿ڷһ£Ͼүүڣ⣬ҪˣҪû䣬ôŮ죬
˾ٴ󵨣Ҳҷ棬ɱӡ
£ǵΪ
ͬĿһ۹壬ô£γ
˴ˣȻᱻǰԻЩǺܿƭ˵ġ
ȷݣ˿ǶүĹģԲΥү飬ҵĳ֣ðݳͷԣݺܻܿᱳѡ
ңԺﵽѪϢѵãﲻ̷
΢΢һ£ĿŰƣ˼ǣ
Һү뷨һ־棬ҿһΧɱ˵ˣʮˣһҲӿʮ
һ
ת˿ԺӣһǹƽʱŰŮ˵ϰߣ¶֪£ڹݵλû˸Ұ˵ȥ
ЩǸŰģӵģǶ£˭Ҳ˵ȥô꣬ڸŵµӡ
ڣǸѧ׷ɵҹΪԼһΡ
裬˾ƣһλ檣λԭܹҪԺֽŰô
Ϊĸգĸױܾѣȴ޷ܺĿѣĸ׷˻
ԺȻںԺ䣬ΧŵԺӺ檵Ķܽ
ŮһΧòͬĽһľͬҲã¿־Ҳãǿʼң뵽ҵҲֵǣǣˡ
ڼ䣬ǿ϶ǲҳģһˣƽ²ԺӾǸɱ˺˵ĵطô˭Ҳǲҵġ
˭³Ȼá
ԾôҲ
ȥ˹ͷ
ŮǺȻһ𣬶ǸԹ޵˷߶
ǳ嵽Ǹˣ
תŹ壬ĿȼһشصĻ⣬ͷ
(δ)

һ ǿͷ

;˲
Ļð亹
ߵǰԭҾãүⱲӶһù飬ڵ֮ңΪ˵ǻǳԷ˯ڱеġ
ʱãǶҸһ£ү飬үҲбҺ֪㡣
ЩŮ˵ıˣĸѹ֡
ô̵һˣҪԩѩ
ơ
ŰƵ°ͣĻİ
үֻ֪ҲԺɱ˵ĺۼô
ǡ
ȷʵΪͷʹⰸǸֵɽӡ
Ϊϧ
ԺӵͲʲôܣǹ˭Ҳ˺ûʼߡ
Ӹ첻춼鷳¡
ɿֹ屳ֿ˿ΧѪȣŵüģֻˣѩ棬Ҳȷʵ£ⰸӲЩѡ
үҿԻԭⰸӡ
ƵȻ˵忴ȥ㣿
ֻү벻飬ϾЩŮ˵һ֪պŮǾܼԴˡ
ΪŴŮб
ɱ˳쾭壬ͬ飬ݣ˲٣в㣬Ϣ
Ǳ״棬ѡ̣£Թñˡ
ү檽ʱҲûٱȺģ檶浽ǰȥˣûܺ룿
֣ôһ
ȥʲô
͵˵ͷǳˡ
ϻ˵ȰⰸӸˣ˵ģ
ѯʣҲúɫȻģүѩʱӦ֮󣬸պѩǰһУʱˡ
ˣû֤ݣҲܶҲ֪֤ݲ㡣
˵үСأҿԿô
ţԡ
ת뿪Ժӣһطȥ
ŹһԺӣԺ£Ժ䲻󣬵迼þһӦȫԺлһ÷
Ժţƺ͹˳Ǹ֡
æŸ˸ӣū澲μ
ţ˳ѺӴԸ
ǡ
תȥһ߰ĺӣĿͣɵˡ
ү뿴ӡƹֵ
ò绨۵޹⣬Ǳܷ˪ˡ
Ӻ֡
ȥɡ
屳ֵȣѺ͵һߣƶ¿źӣ˫ʮƯʱŰƲûв
ְ̧סӵ֣ûзӦɨ衣
ܿ죬Ʒſ֡
Żˡ
ȥ͹帴
忴ͺӣת뿪Ժӡ
ţס֣úӻָ
ͷⲻЦ±㡣
ԡ
һᶨ˼Ƭ̣ðɡ
磬ԺﴫУԺ˳ҺҲ
ʱ͸ȥǰǱߡ
һȥ±סȣȾȺ϶ɣˣˡ
ޡ
Žµ̧ͷſڵͣһ״޽Ҳš
һ£ȥſڼ͡

룬λҲɡ
˵Źȥ·Ժӡ
ʱƽ˴һѪڵϣסͷɱͷӣ͹վԺ
ӱ£ϵĶŵúȻ˷Ӧ
ӱͷ󺰣˼ٿںӵļѨλϣȷ侲
վһᣬεȥ
ƱߵһߣСȥ
ߵǰ
ҪѹָˣҲȷָĳ̶ȣЩܱɵЩ񲣬ܱһֱԲľŵĺá
ӻ۾ǰİƣۿƱסţ¡
һ߿һߺҪɱңҪɱң
ƿ壬һ
ԺſڣվһȺŮˣŮصĿ
ƺΣҲû취
ӣ͵ǰ
ôһܱȴһĺãӱˣҪû˳Ҳ˵ȥ
õİ취ֻЩ
ãߵſ빬ʮԶС˵
ӽ˵СֵܣʲôˣΪʲôж
ЦǸҷġ
εȴ̧ͷĹ壬ͷˡ
ŰƸ˸ӣлСֵܡ
˵ƿȥҹ壬˹ǰ˸ⰸһɷͣ⹧ӭ
ü۰ƣá
˵깬뿪ԺӳȥȻ¡
뿪һ·û˵Ҳûԡ
ҹ﷭ȥ˯ȣԽš
Ȼ£αعܣ˯ˣûһѣŮĻġ
ôˣ๼ô˯š
ȥ顣
һϣ´磬湬ȥ˹
¹Ůſӭӡ
ݼ
ɩ𡣡̧̧֣ȥ˷ȽڣҲڳɣżɽ˵룬ж
Ҳ֪«ʲôҩõ˹ʾ⣬Ƹ˽ȥ
һ棬˹Ϸס檽·һĽ⿪һֱꡣ
ƿЩĿĵ˿Ѫɫȫޣ·󣬽ʵڿ
ԭǹһ򣬼жٹ֮ⲻ˹Ķǡ
һңá
ǲᣬϾǰġ
һʮ꣬ûүܴŰµģɼĸȽᡣ
ҲΪ˻˵жԸһ˳е£ܹҽǣӣ
ԭţ
˵¹Ҳ¡
鲻ãžˡ
⣬˳ȥѯʣ
Ҫĸ󡣡

忴һᣬ֪뷨׸ģҲݡ
ðݻţʹӦ˰ɡ˸еİ취ִ֣òܡ
үִⲻͬҽĸֻȥҵˣҵа취ҽ
ǻȥˡ
£֪ܺԼԹۣϵǰ׷ѹ޷Ů˵ıģȥ̫һ
ȥץŤȥԼȥ
(δ)

һ 

Ҫ뿪ʽΪ˻˸ˣ˵ӿûа󣬱˵ͷʣǿҲҡ
ߡ
ʽ
屻Ѱ³һ١
۹͡
ү
رعκ˲ó룬Υɱ⣬ȥܹ檣ȱӹлá
ǡ
檹أ
Ҳһ⣬ƿӿȥѾ̤굽
Σˮˡ
ȥ˵ֻ뿴ôģҲñۡ
ȥ£ûƿԼѾȥˡ
˵úţͦú塣
һ°ɴ֣Ե˸Ӻݻ
촩ǰƸ׼ģϰƵˡ
ȥ̧§ס§һ
лл
˵̫磬ʲôûӦֻ˳ȥûȤû
֪Ҳǵ춹ģҲͶ
λƣĬĬƴʱŴ֪ĸ᲻Ὺ
ᡣ
弸ҲģƺȻ뿪̧ͷŹžɫ
ô֪
ǻ壬ﱾͲҲûãɷôô죿ûǷǷôĸ£İƵƽ۾
ţȷǷǷѪ飿
ǡһЦұ顣
Ʋˣ˵ûұ飬Щô죿
ﰲô졣
үؽ˵ȥҲ¡
һˮ£һѰѵ
˻ʹƿһ۹壬ȥ档
˳һ֪꣬˵Щʲô
һ£ӸſڵŽ˹ƿʼɣǲˡ
̫Ҫǲʲôùӳԣ
˲֪Ѿ﹬ſڣʣ㣬ˣһҪͱ˳ȥǿɱͷԴ¡
ôôƺɣ飬ڵԴôҲ󽫾Ůйʧ³çˣһ°ɡ
ˣţҲ͹ܲˡһܰӡ
үǲǻлҲɵӣѣɲҲɱͷ
ǹĽ˭֪
ҡͷ֪
ԭļûѣƺҲ֪
˵ھˡ嵭
ŵĸҲ˵Щͣ㵽׼˾ˣ
ȻǺܶ࣬Ǵ˾ˡ
ô˵Ҫȥĸ
Ҳ֪
ȻƳһۣǾˣ㻹ˣ
Σûһ۹壺Ҳɵô᲻£
ϣˣ̫߶ءЦӯӯģȽҲˣⶼĹͣҲһ䰲ƾ͸ˡ
˵ĸ빫档
Ƶɴ۾ȥٺݵô
ûýȥ͸ˣ
һˣ϶ʲôµפˣתæȥһ
ƴʱʼɣһĸ˵˵밲ġ
Ц
塭
̫ټ˵꣬ѾˣֻøŽȥ
̫̫ѯʣƶʲô£

ĸ󣬶Ϊ˹һǰĸ󡣡Ȱ˵꣬͸̨Ĺһ־.ĳȥ
ӲͷƤֻõ˵ͷ
̫ɫ黹ûô
ĸ󣬻ϰӸ˶ʮֲԸ˵»Щ죬ƿȥֹرԡ
̫ʣⰸӻϼȻ㣬ҲĪΣֵ㲻ˣҲϴСˣȥûгɻ㲻ԸҲˣҲȥǶĹƣǶ㣬㵹Ǻã־͸ˣѲµĵϰʮ
Ѿɻ飬ûôУ
ôҲȥҲǺõġ
̫һѵ⣬Щãĸ󣬶ҴûȥΪҪҳɻ飬Ѳɶûгɻ飿
Խ˵Խ졣
̧̫Ҫ򣬹Ťɣĸñĺˡ
Ƶǵ۾ĸ治һ
ǰû֣ôƤ
̫ôӡ
ַ̫£۸ĸı£úƢţʡİѱô
Ҫŵ㣬мѹţ²졣ɫȻһ˪Ϯ
֣
Ҳ֪˼
̫ʣʲô£ǰѣ
ĸⰸӶ뷨ǲ飬˷ǣ࣬ϰӸ˶ҪǲˮʯҪø۾
ɫɫ㲻Ǻܺá
̫ҲɫϸȻ⣬ҲڱǰϷ˵ɣ£
ȻĸĶӣ̫ǸˣӿʼĸӾġ
ҲǸжˣ屾Բģˡ
ǵûаƳȥ˹ȥ
ĸ󣬹ĸ˵һʵ
̫ͷ˵һЩǱϾļ£Ҳûʲô캦飬ǻϵİѲɻҪȥ
ĸ󣬵ڼбԴ檵飬ȴԻʼӰĴ󡣡
ûȻ˵£ǳЩ檵ϰɣ̫ȻϵȻȥ
Ѳ鵽渵̫ʣЩ檵壿
֣ʱûи֪壬ȥʱֻйҵŮ
Ҳû˵飬ô֪ġ
ɻҲֻܵš
ûԼ飬ҪΪ飬ĸӹŵɫˣҲ˵ʲôµ飬ȳȥĸʰɡ
ȥ̫˰̴֣˳ȥ
ƻЩɣ̫ʵƶ㿴ʲôˣ
ȥ£ĸ󣬶ǵ϶˰̣Щǵ̣ЩǱ޺ۣһЩˣӳģŻ˶ЩطΪˡ
ô
̫󵭵һᰲƣƶ飬ĸҲʹļףӰ
ȷʵϧȻֺŵ

ϾǻʼѪȥǻûʼߣ¼Ȼδ𣬱㲻Ҫˡ
ЩףȻṶ͸ݵɣ
ĸ󡭡
ȥ̫̫ذɣ참йͻƽǧ
ת̫ȥ޹Ʊ飬ԴѰƴ˹ȥ
ţūɡæŰѰ˳ȥµûš
뿪Ƴźȥ
°ùģǻذɡ
ʹ˸ɫ֪ΪãǶ¡
(δ)

һһʮ ͷ

˹ڳ﷢ǰһӣһǧƽ𣬰ĶǸӿ
ʮôûˣ
ǲ
岢δᣬӵ˳³һƥͷһŹͰǹ̫ࡣ
ūż
̫һʥּ嵭Ȼ롣
ּС̫ҲɣҲȥš
һǣĶ࣬참йѾ̫󡣹ȷǱ븮Ա̶ǻʼʧѾù鰸֤ȷ䣬Թϲ䣬󣬼ն
Ź£Ϯλ⣬
׵檣оȥ½
ƽּһŹлû뵽ᴦô˳
̫Ҳǰ㲻顣
ūˡС̫׼ߣ˵͡
ллү
һӸС̫࣬ʹС̫תȥ
ʥּ鲻
Ҳ
ﰲƸȥ˹˹³ȥﻹʥּ
ʱȴһƬ
ƽűסˣվһߵʮƽȻƹЦЦ˵ͷ
ƺȻֲõĸоʥּԾ
ߵǰ˸ӣæŲ
أ
ΣллѾûźˡ˵꿴һѾõ檣ǳŰƷ׷װݱתǰ
ƸȥѾ£½½һϡ
ȥʣΪʲôҪ
֮ǰ̫ѾּܲǣһЩˮף²ˣȫʬѾ㡣
ѪĹ壺ô

ûأƻͷʱ򣬹Ѿ۾
ûô¹ֱִ߻ǱһҪߣײڹĻһѱס
ҪҪ֣ʵʵñš
ĴŻ壬ƽ§ס塣
̫ˣŵò˵ɻ
Ҫ˵
˵Ʊ㲻˵ˡ
ɱˣĲп񣬵ûκһΣ˿־屯ˡ
뿪尲ȥЩѾԾˣÿ˶ѪЩ˵ݴ΢Ц۽ǹˮ
Ǿˣֲĵ
ƺЩңתȥ뿪ӣڰƵǰ˵ԩѩײԸѾѳˡ
ƿȥǡ
ͣӣϣڼãҪڵ죬ն׵ҪѺ󡣡
ǡ
Ϳһ۰ƣתȥӡ
ƴȥûȹȻ
ϻƶԼﲻţ˼
ţûҲûԻԼǱߡ
Ϣ˼죬˰ѷ˸͵ſڣ˽ȥͳҲ
һ죬鰲װˣҲ룬ЩҲϲˣһһݣһһ.̬
찲ƴתůҲɢ˲ٻ顣
Ÿ÷лͼææ߽Ժæ˳ȥ
Ͳ˵м¡
ԥһᣬγӰֻĻţǵ£ú˺
м£żȴ
£վŲ
Ѿûʲôˣ쿪ʼգȥҽ˵ʲô
㻹ǱˣҲȥ
ƾܾתӣŹվ濴
ſվһᣬתˡ
Һźţ鲻ã£Ѿʴˡ
ƱϾǴ˼ȥһҩңȥͣ˵һΡ
ǣ
ҩȥԺ͸ͣҩĸӣĵȴʼղϷǸ鷳
ҹӵķűƿƷӰǰ崩һ¶£Ʊ㿪ʼ·ӺＱˡ
ʱ鲻ãҲûţĳˣҲͲڿˡ
Ųһ£˸λø壬ӵϣȥϡ
Щˣͷ˳ò
ƻǲ̫ϾǸβ˵飬ȴɱ˵Ĺ֣ܲˡ
Ҳ̫ԶĴӣԵأ֪⼸һֱţǱûˡ
Ҳûʲôǰ࣬飬ҪҲһЩ
ӣҪһ㶼ȥ룬ܣֻ˵ǳ˼ԣԺˡ
ʼлʼҵҵģպΪǣˡ
׻˵²òͷ
ھ£ܲͷֻͷ͵ı
һһ˵ϮƳ׽еͶˡ
һ.˵պҲȥˣø鷳Ժңĺˡ
ôԣ岻οҲһ˿ۡ
ϰڸУǹƣҪˣⲻ֪֮ûи׼԰˵ĵط
˱ֲ.һᣬŰ
§Źһ£ʣʱΪʲôҪô˭
İƣ֪Խ٣Խȫô֪Ͳң
ҹ˭֪ƷڹϣһȻ
ڱϣ
ȥŴض࣬Ů˲ϣҲףȥ
Щܣ棬Ʋϡ
˵ͲС
ĥĥ䣬˵ϡ
ƺһԭô˵£
ûС
Ϊʲô

岻˵Ҳ׷ʣ½Ҳ˯ˡ
ӰƵﵭˡ
תһ£ھٰһᣬҵүϯˣ˼ҵûɼҵĶʢװ硣
ҲŹһͬ빬μҲֻǻϻʺԼ
̫ͻ̫Ѿ겻μᡣ
ҵүһߣЩûɻһߣ￤һߣһߣڴǱߵС㹫ӣǷֵĲ
ڹͰм䣬ׯţ֣ƽࡣ
˽δţǰݹЦĺϲ£죬˭ͦˡ
һԹʱʱŰƵ֣᲻Ƭ̵ķſ
գѵүǶˣСҲˡ
棬ⲻ˻аƵĶͷ
Ǹ

һϮ£ŽأԭɫÿǾȷʵ˹ɫһȫĿһˡ
̾ˣϾڴĻԭȵû취ϲһ
ھţĿͣʱʱȥ
޶ɷˡ
ӣЦһ£ת
һĪүˣҲ˳ۣ㵹Ǳ
(δ)

һһʮһ 㤵˫ϲ

˼䣬ƶҲУڲ۵ĵطݣĿ֪ͣ񲻼ѣһģˡ
ߵة࣬ұߵƽܡ
û֣ܸоеⶢֱƶʱ򣬲ŷƽҲˡ
ƽ˫Ƶ۾һ꣬ʲôϵǵ⿴
ǸӣƶЩǡ
Ķԭʲô뷨
ֲ֪ʱôһ£ƱһŤͷȥƤЦⲻЦģʲôأ
ûʲô
飬ȷʵƽܣȻǲñ粵
ȿȡƸŲȥƽܣƽǱ߿Ҫֿԡ
Ǹһ˿ԣ̧ͷȥƽȭͷҪǸһģⲻǷˣ
ɫ䣬ŰƵ֣Ϊ˿ƽܵĲȫᡣ
ѹģһӡ
飡
ŵΧ˲ѻȸ
ããȻȥһ㵣꣡˭
Ŀۣ
üһﰡ
͵ˡ
̧Ŀڷţ
ⶼǣƽ԰׵ĺˣʱֿʼһĿԡ
˵ȣ˼㲻ʲô
Ŀۣôӡ
ϺúõģĿˣҲ㲻״ȸ忴˵
һֱ尴ؿڣһס󣬸ɨһ¡
ؿڱˣͳ˰ơ
ಡɲǸĲȻǷʪʹôˣǸ֢֮ಡִҲôÿŴ͸ˡ
¶֮ɫϴֲǲˣ
ͷʮֹɡ
۲ѣ㲻Ҫˣһ˻ϣͻذɡ
á
彥ȷʵòᡣ
ͺ򿡽üȥﻹûˡ
Щǣ֮ǰ֣ʱŹˡ
¹岻ಡ
Ů͹˹ϵǢȻǸˣ̧һة࣬Ҳͦ˳ۡ
رǿƽܵʱ򣬻Ǻܻϲġ
ҵӲξǰģûй˽ǵĳɳǿġ
رƽܣʮ⣬д̵ı£ооı£ǲɶõ˲š
ƽɫԺһЩԣߵǰ񣺡¼
ôˣǶͷƽһڳˣةͨ죬֪ԼǿϰˣǷڹȥҲˣ˼ҶˣҲ̫ˡ
ҲȥƽܣСӳˣҲʵˣ˵ºպսǸϳ
ǽ̵ĺãŻƽܽսƽɫ԰ףЩҪԡ
ʣôˣ
Ⱦһ纮ⲻŻˣҪҾȥ߹ˡƽһɬ˵ϵۺ
ϵפЦƽ꽻
μϣʺ꣬
˶ڵأϵ˵ƽɡ
ϵ£Ƴִϵ۵ߣ
Ÿ¡
ƽȴվԭأϵ۶սСҲϲмӣʵƽܣվʲô
ϣڰߡ
ƽܣɺ֡ƳΪʺֱԺǳԼܵܲأϵΪʾԻʺĶ裬ģɡ
лϡ
ƽߵ£պþͰŰơ
ƻڣ˵ʲôû壬ˡ
֣߬ʵ
ƶֶڿ
һʱ䣬ͳȫŮƵģôעĿ
˵˼ģϯҲʼˡ
ʺ˸˵Ϸϵۿʼһһ䣬סһˣӲסա
ϵһ£Ǿɡ
˶һ£һȻͷ
üȥջӲʮΣⲻһȺ˶һ͹ô
ϵ㰲ʲôģ
ϣѴҶסˣʺæΧ
ϵۿȥû˶ô
Ӧ
ϵ˵Լ˵ɡ
ĿХϵߡ
ϣŮԲƹί
ϵÿһᰲƣǾͳհɡ
žƱܶ԰ɡ
԰ɣϵ۵
忴۰ƣϲϲ
ڳȻġ
ƿȥҲУ
ԣˣ˵Ͷϵۼ˿ԥס˵ֻԧ첻ɡ
š
ϵ۵ͷҲ⡣
䣬ƽܵϣҲܶԡ
ةʲô£
ϵۿСӣ˵
ȶɡ˵ƽܿߵİƣϸѰ˼ãһʱһʱ
ʱϣʱԣ
һȥƽܣƽ˫۾ԹԾԩԭôˣְֺܾޡ
˵һʱһʱҲû
ʱԭãʱ֣
ţƽܣءϵۺ⣬ƺ͹Ҳȷʵˡ
ƽתݣͶ
δ䡣
Ѱ˼һֱô
꣬ƽѲ˵ǲн
䣬ǲô
˵ʲô򿡽ܵԸ绨ò䡣
ˣ˵ɣ˼飬ܳŪīˡʺãԼĵܵԼۡ
ϵ˵ͣõǰĪаƽܰɡ
ϣʹã֮ôܸƽܣʺæϵһ֡
ȥ
ϵ칫̴ȡ
ٽлɣǻϵ֮Ķء
ƽȥǰӹ½Īа
лƽǰһὣϵ˵ѽԴ
ƽܿȥة༴򲻿ɣջس
ϵŻʺƳ֣м£Ҫʺ͹Ѿϲˡ
סæ˷׷¸ϵ۵ء
Ʊأһʱ䳡𺳡
ľս̫ˣ
ҩҲûô죬浽ô£
ʺҲˡ
ϲҳϲУƾۣÿνҪ£ϣͶǱ˹ˡ
ðƱ㿴Ĳ԰ףֱѿ˼ˡ
뵽Ŷǻ£ƻЩͬˡ
Ťͷȥ壬뿴ʲô飬ƺҲʲô֮У顣
֣ʱţĴָϻ
ҲǸе𺳰ɡ
ϵ۶겻У£ˣ⻹ô
Ϊˣ˼һڸˡ
ϯ뿪ţЩڳеҪְԱϱǧ
ֵĸŹ壬ߡ
һ߰һСֹѵ̫ة඼֪£
ƹ۲Ƕ֪
嵭֪飬Ҳûʲô֪
һ㵣ôô
ôһ񿴰ƵʱưһۣҪ
ţ
ͷʾ˵Ķԡ
(δ)

һһʮ ˵

Ǳˣˣ˵ҪҲϵóϷ
ơתŰ

ˡ
ͻȻģⰲЩĴ󳼶һ㵵°ûôˣ
̲סȥֻֻ֣˱Ƶġ
ƺεºܣ
ͨ죬Ȼ̵ģҲñֳûĿһ۹˵ҲţһηԣؼҰɡ
ѹΧûʲô
Ҳд⣬ƻȥϵһʱҲ˵ʲôŷ˷ӣ䣬ˡ
Ȱ˰ƺ͹ոյĻ⣬֮Ĭ˿Ӱ졣
ˣƶƽá
֪ϲǣ㻹չȥʲô˼ƶƾ˵һҲ
ƽһֱŰƣ̶ĻһƶҵĻҸ˼ңޣȥ˼ʲôٲҲޣҵĵλҵһɾ£ִҪȥʲô£ûȥ㡣
ҲܣΪҲ֪˼ǸϡƶԽߣˣֻʱģһ
˵ʲô
ƽܿ𺡣
ƶЦҽ㻹ˣ֪֪ԭҵģƾʲô
治ɾҩ
ƽ뿪ţƿʱѾһ˹ȥǰĪа
ƽܰƲ˼ӡ
ʲôʲôÿģ
ү֪ĪаôƷ֣Ƕҩģβ˸ȤԱҲܸȤ
֪ĪаǱ̵ʱ򣬵ģ͸˻ϡ嵭ȫǲǸˣƲǱȥ
㲻
ǻϵģʲôģϲͺã͸ˣôþˡ
ô˵Ҫң㲻Ҳø
㵹룬ϿϣŰƳһ꣬иʲôѵûҪ
뿪Ͷסǻ̫ǱߵˣǹȥŻ̫˱ˡ
ƾþǲÿװÿ㶼ˡ
һͷʲô
˵ҿҪˣŻʺλòһˣڿǲˡ
Ժ£㻹ǹԼɣûС
ɫƱ㲻ˣûеҵ£ôԼǲǲ
ϣūǲ˲ˡæסſˡ
Цˡ⻰˵Դǵģ
æ˵̫Ӽģ߰ɡ
֣ô̫̫һˡ
һ°ƣӦˡ
˳﹬̫󣬰Ʋ֪ΪʲôԲݵ¡
жˣ֪ô̫ûĿŹ壬ǹ¡
֪ո֪һ˾ֵ̫ܵ󣬰Ʒָʲô¡
̫΢΢̾Ϣ϶ӣ˴˫ϲţӦúúףģҲ֪ǲĸǺܸء
ƾãһûˡ
ϵҲ̫Ķӣãĸ׵Ӧø˲Ŷԣ̫ĸоɲǡ
嵭Ҳżⲻ⼸Բ˷
˻һ˶ˣ̫
ոԲ
Ƶͷͺɣ
ǡ嵭һֱϲĸ֪ģǰն˯˯Ϳˣһʱûסܵȥˣɲһ𣬶Ҫ
˶֪Ǽ¡
Ҫġ
ֻҲ˵ô̹
̫סƺεƶôûĸ˵˶ô˶㣿

һãȻҪĸ󣿡
ѵ˯Ҫࣿ
Ӵ»飬үͿôҲͿӦ̫ģ̫Ϊ˵ڶϢˡ
Ϣǲô׵ġ˵ۣƽʱôûô˵
ôף̫󲻽⡣
ƹ֢֮һֱУҲ⼸ղˣ㱾ǰƣҲûС
أ̫ʮֹ¡
ָоǺҪһ£رǶ̫
ǰЩӸҽˣĲˣ¡
ԥһ£ʾⶼȥҲ˳ȥ
˶£˵ʵûй֢֮Ƕġ
֣̫úǳ⡣
ĸǰӶȥ˵ҪΪι飬˵ԼҲⲡҲǡ
̫׹˵˵пԭ
ǡ
ĸӵĶԻ̫ŰĿŰƣով£Ҫúõĵ£
лĸ󡣡ƺôӶ
Ҫô㣬ӦþϢˣҲһ졣
ɽҪӵĽࡣ
Ц⸡֣ڿһЩ
̫ûˣȻûʲô¾ȻȥɣǵĺϢ
ƴӳһΣҪûкô죿

ɣǰЩӳҲȷʵˣԭҲûϣǰЩӣ£ˣҲ֪СŮСϲ㣬һֱûдӦ£Ͼ㲻ϲǳô¡
񰲹ȻģҲʹӦˡ
ѡӣ°ˣҲһ׮˼
һһš
Ը⣺ĸ»ҪٵȵȣѾںˣٹЩˣھȢ»飬ôȥȢοϲҵŮҲǵˡ
֣˵ģǺͳżʲôֱ̫ܶȥҾ
µĲУڴϿôⰲƣһʲȥ
е飬ĶҪѿˡ
Ҳ޸ϵģ뵽ûʲôָŴͷ
ô֣ʲôָˡ

̫Եòãɫ
æŻعǿԼЦĸ˵ҲǶ뵽ģĸԨҲһЩ飬ǰҵãҲοģĸɣӣ˺úÿ
ţǳ£ʶ壬㰡̫һ۶Ų԰׵˰֣ʾȥ
Ȼһ˵û뵽ľˡ
Ӧôݵ
(δ)

һһʮ ֮

ӹƱһ꣬ӿǸҪ¡
ⶫ治˵ľܹĵġ
ˣˣҲôýġ
ãҲżҪ˲⣬ϵۻô룿
ʺô룿
ƳʱУʵ𾪡
ЩҩǶ˵ģܹ޸ƳδأƳǰ˽ҩ
µùľֻоˡ
ڣҪǻ˺ӣƳô
Ƿˣҩá
ҪǲãǾôǹ
ҩ˵˾Ů˹ģǱʺˣŻṬ
˺ӣʺȻᷢʲô
ԣӲá
̫żҪӣҲҲӦ
ﰲǳһ飬
β굽ſţһţ̧ͷ֨֨лûз֡
࣬ôŰĽŵȣƿȥֱӰѹĽѹ£û֪ûУ㻹ſڿӣһô
պ飬㿪˶һͬǡŰƿƾ;׼û£źˣİӣ·
βȻһۣ굽ȥҳʽˡ
ʽһβæųͷ
İ֮ܵ
βᣬ˵˫۷·ҹãŴСϵЩ˿š
иӿβָźףҪ
βһת档
Ǻӵĸ̧ͷѰңʽִ̧һºӣ
˵æŶųʽµĳʽ
ʽᣬ֣βͨƵġ
Ʊϰ·ִŭϵˡ
ƫϲ£һ㲻¶ˡ
ô滹гʽڣǲ֪ĺܣ
β島һѣƣӸڰϣǸҲҿ
βſҲȥ
Źļִ
Ҳ鵽ȻֹĿڵĻ𷴶ʤڶβǰˡ
סˣոôʲô
ǵô飬Ҫġ
֪ǲ˶βˡ
Ʒſڹ廳ۣ
źĶûۣ㵹ˣЦ
̾ϢԣǶ㿪˶Ҳû㿪ʲôպ»Ҫᡣ
㻹̰ĵļôүϲֻһλƵ
Ȼû飬ΪҪϺĸɫҲ֮֮¡
ҧס׼в£ȴʵ⡣
Ī˵үȢѰգȢС檽ţҲǳ֮С
ǵĺܣȢչϣģûûˣ
ҲܺŮ˹ͬ㣬Ȣ˲ҶʱԲңұȻ뿪㡣壬ʲô²
ɫȻˮأ
ģ㶼ܴ֮հҺ㻹ʲôƾᣬ忡һ
¹ȥȥˣôСǼû±£⼵˵ĺܣᡣ
Ҳǹ⣬ҲȷʵүǵãҼǵáûôԡ
ɫڻ𣺡ˣǱҲܲĸͻϡ
ϻЩ죬ûأŹ忴Ĺ˻ַʵҲǺް취
ʲô취
屧סѹޣʲô鶼ˣһסǵͣ˭ܱűȢ
ô˵ƿڹĻԵԥ
˶Ǳģʲôܸ˵°ͣ
תڹ廳˵鷳ǲ˵ҲҪᡣ
Ǿ͸߱屻Ů˸Ϳˣ˵죡
ǲǵҺͶмζʺټȥ˵ҪһԸ㣬ȺȲ裿
ǵá
Ҳģ֣ʺмҲҪҺͶ͵͵һ㣬Ӹ.èè.ˣоҩǱ˶䵭ҩ
£崹ŵùơ
Ƶͷұ˵ǹغӵ£ǲ
֣Ҫʲô£üͷ²֪飬ȷʵϵ
Ҫˣʺôңһԣȴ£֪ԼжˣûҩǰƵǵģҲҲǣ˭ûôӼ˻ҧˣοƳȻϵ۱еҩĳµ顣
һˣһԨעһһ
һ˭ѣܲ
ʱ֪ĸҲ˸߱ܣͳˣڻʺΪʲôҪôȻ顣
İƣø߱
֮ĹϵҲûкöãʺûҽҲˡȷʵǵˡ
忿޳˫ƾͿɢȴʧš
ſڹĴϣô
һͷ˳ĺڷ·һֻСèС˴ʱټ˵ҪɲͶɻҲжʱˣûв֢ӱȻˡ
֮ôżҲȫ֮£ҲȷʵΪڹϣҪûи͵úͶһȢ
ʲô˼ôôȷȢѲͨˣƲ⣬壬ֻǲ²ѣ˵ҪȢ
̫ΪǿƣĸΪʺڸǰð֣ǾҪĸƽɫ
ǵŸʵ棬̫ˣںͶûлˡ
֪̫ѾټˣȻ֪ˡ
ǱȻûиġ
׹׼
ǣ֪̫ҪȢǱ֪ϲ顣
ĿľǲȢƸ˹һ񣬹Цıӡ
͸ˣ
š
һ£ŮʵҲûʲôֱ
ȥڻ˼˵Ʋ⣺ô֪ȢҪ㡣
޴Ϊˣ˵ô㻹֪Ǳˣ˭˼࣬±ɵˣ
˵Ͷͬһճɻ飬ûϢҲûϢ˵ҲȢǲĵĸء
ڻʼңۣ˯ţȥᣬ·Ūãһͬȥ
(δ)

һһʮ ˭Ǵ

ʱžȻɫãȴʲôû˵
Ҳ֪ôȰ˵ϾȢģڵҪǸҲûʲôڡ
Ŷķһ·˶û˵ֱ˶ǰſڡ
үҽĸˣȥȻȥ
ȥʾ̫ô죿
ǣ籾ȥ
ˣүȻȥ檺ܿͻ⣬Ըүظ
ⲻҵƿӣŹ³ΣŴ
ӷ£˾ҡ
վڶǰԶȥһζʧЦ
ʺԾôҪɷﶼֵһˡ
ǰǺúõģ˵ϲʧǣɵˡ
׼ȥĹܼҴ˳˹ȥūż
ܼҽջ游ģڼأǿ̫ģ±Ȼڼҡ
̫ûʲô£̫ȥת档
ɫһףܼңҽţ
أܼҲδᡣ
һĶˣ
Ӿض﷢ޣ¾ܾôˡ
޷游Ҳˣʱʲô¿ɾͲĴˡ
ҪȢܿ촫龩У￴Ĳϣһȡ
뵽ĽֻҪùȢӶ
ʣ㲻ô
СѾͷѾͰƻˣ֪ǸźÿǰɸˣҲˣʲô¶ҿʰơ
ǺЦʲô
ͶһţΪûлϣҪð飬˵õİһ⣬ɿΣʶ
Ʋ̾ڹŴСѾͷôһΣûУһǰ׻ˣôģ
˼ҶǾͲùˣⲻڳﱸӵôоеҩ˾ͻϺˣȱ˺ӣǻȢô˺Ӿʱˡ
֣⼸һֱϣʲôû
ǰнеģҪ˵

СѾͷ˵ѡ
Ųžûˣʥּ⼸չУϺϵûʲôϸ𣬵ʥּˣЩ̿֡
ӴˣҲڳţﶺ
Ҳ֣֣û׸
еĺܣ
ƽּˣ򿪿Ҳû˵Ϊʲôֻд顣
ټɣƿһߵĹ壬²롣
ȻټǱȥ
š
ƸŹһĵ칫ѾȺʱֱ밲ƽȥ룬Ժ󡣡
䵭ô
Ҫʺġ칫æŻص
ôȻˣȥƫš
忴۰תˣһ칫ȥĵ
ĵ֣ϵۺڡ
ʺƳϷϣ·һѹΣ档
ϵ۰ƿǰ̨ȹ¹򣺡꣬ʺǧ꣬𰲡
ɡ
ϵ۵ƴӵ΢΢ͷҲȥ
ϵ˵ҪҪʺ͹ġ
ǡƹ
칫ȥ̨棬С̫ӣ£ȸʺ󿴡
ָ󴦣ɨ裬ȣջϵۣϵЦݺ˳ǰã
ãϷģʺһ̥ȣֻЩЩӪ֮̥ڲ׹ӪʳϻҪŮþټʲôʳʺ
ţʺȷʵҪƽʱҪúýƫҲû취ϵۿʺƳƳ΢΢ͷδ˵ʲôϵſ·
Ǹ
ȥ뿪֣ϣʺƽȣ԰
ţ칫͸ϵ۸ˣİ֮
ǡ칫æȥ˰ơ
ֳ֣أл˶Ҫ뿪ˡ
ϵ۴ʱ˵㣬ǹڰġ
ʡƹ
ޣ޿ѻ޵һ˹¶ԲŻޱ룬ҪҪΪң
ϴҪһ˵Ů档
ô޻֪ʲôˡϵ뿪һ̨ס
߰ɡϵ۴ĵһ
칫׼ţϵ漴Ȼ飬㻹Щʲô
칫£ūŲҡ
ɣظš
ϵ۾ֱȥһƬôʲô¶ܸϡ
ߵ˿տ˵ĹԺڣϵ۲תƣࡣ
޵˼֪ϵ۴˷ڣ
ֵ̹Ů֪һǲԷƱ
˵ϵתֶ˿̵ϵһȻ·ƵؼҲڸǲı䱡
ȴƽ
˵ϣǻʺǡʺҩ꣬ѲУ
빬Ψһİ취ᣬӲ£ҪΪʺһ
ѾҲװͿ¿ϵѾȫ׼
ϣǻʺûлУ¡
֪а취ûʺźͻһģ¿ϣҲȱ󣬵ȵʱ޻ᱧȥʺ󣬸߻ʺĺӣᣬܻлģ޵ĽɽһҪʺ޵
ı֪λش
ϵ֪֮ԲǻʺΪ˶Իʺ󣬿ɼ
ϵ۸Ƶĸоʺ
˵ⳡֵ֮ߡ
˺ҪʺպҪô죿
ϵۻӿʼû谮һûˣͿ԰乬ʱҲʹ˽ᡣ
һ꣬ԭ̫ѴĴ֣ڿһɽһɽߣƽʱŲĸ£
ϣŮ취ҪЩӡֻܴӦ
½죬ҲģȻȥɣһ˴һᣬ£˵ɫһˣѯ˼ڰأǿбȢңֳ
Ůл飬ʵȷʵˡ
ȥɡϵתʣֿȥƸ˲뿪
(δ)

һһʮ 㵽˭

ĵⰲȥҹ壬칫æŸ߰ƣƫţȥƫҹ塣
ƫƾڻȥһۣһŴúɽɽͼ
ҲѧˣԻҲĵã˹廭Ļֻ뵽ĸ֣ɽӣ
Żʱıʸ˰ƣȻἸ֡
ƿ֧ʣ˹ȥڻд˼֡
ɽ˶ཿ
忴Ǽ֣ʧЦȷʵСˡ
Ŷ
ƹ֪İѱʷ˻ȥȴʣ˭أ
һ£ȥ壬忴һЦΪ㲻ʶ̽Ǳʧˡ
үҪ֣Īү߳檣Ҳðү˼ᡣ
ʣ׼֡
룬ǰҲǼģ̬ӣǾֹּϵʵô⣬Ҳǿģ˻ǳģ˼ܵĴ渵
ĸнţʵһԲ
嵹ûͣµ˼ϸ꣺ҪǣǱϸ˼ֵģÿӣôǿڵסģֻǱҲ⵽ôһ¡
Ͳһͣ
Ƶһǿ£ģȴƽ·˵żҳ㷹¡
鵱գ檶ˣүҲȻĻ䣬ԭȳǺͿһ˼үȻ侲࣬ıǻŰЩδǡ
˵飬˫ƺ嫵ޱ޼ʣûе
ҽ˵ãҲ㳤ʶˡȻƱ˵ˡ
Ȼںһ£ֻǡȻѾǱˣ뿪ǣƶʣС۵ĺܣ뿪˼ʲôԲ飬㲻ϢϽڱǸʼ
ˣ֮ĶԹʲôƲ嵭Į߽Ʊƺ
Ŀӣʣûǲã
Ի·ЩϹĽ࣬ûء
ȥˮƽϣҲĪҪ㲻õ£֮ҪᣬҲЩоñ˫˳ûĿ飬˭Ҳƽϣ뿪Ȼڣ
壬вңƻع߲ѣҪǲǣ
͵ǰɡȻεҪ˵ʲô֧ʣַ£ȥߵһߵĻǰ˽ȥ
Ż潥ճ˻ҽ֣ʺ󰲺ã
ת̫죬Ʋòշ磬úܣ񾭲Ƶ꿽ʣԽĻ⡣
áƲ֪òø߹è̫ӵ£Ҳû˵תƫ˳
ںų˵ûأûߣֵˡ
ͣŹ壬ʵ˼ϡ
һ֣סŹȥ
ϵվڹеĳǽ¿˵鲻
칫æſһ˵ܻˣ˵̫ǳ谮ʹ˲ٺ
ôҲûж䡣
칫۲ϵޱ˵ͷⲻʥ
ϣūŻ̿֡
ּ˫ϲţһ޲ʤϲɣ޳ֶԳ֮ģ˱Դպ񰮣ڻҵʡΪΪ޷ֵ³¡
ϣҪƹģϡ칫֪ܸԤ˻ȥ
ϵ۵ǲΪȻȥɣ޵ĵܵܣзִ硣
ǡ
ƻûңѾˣʥּѾӱ͵ˡ
ƴͿڵϣʥּš
̰ʥּϣּ⡣
򿪿һֺۣϽƽ
ƽŴȥ˼һ⡣
Ҫйϵ飬аֱǣ񲿣̲
ԭȰƲ֪ŴĹƶȣ֮³£û˽⡣
Ҳ˵һЩ˹ҴСС飬һƿأ͵ǰҵסˡ
Ƶ໹Ƕ˶ģôȨϵôأ
ʥּ£ȥǰʲô
§סðϡ
ĺӵͷˣԭȱ˸ȥ̵Ĳ£ĺƽܱڹҲҲѣֵɽ䵽˱ʧˣ
İƣ꣺ү⻰ʲô˼Ѳ㻹Ẉ̂
ǺãҲи飬ƵĺܣպЩһǹĶǣûš
Ǻģƿɢ˵ȥһȺ˹ĶǣǶƵ¡
ԭȣһĲ£һͲ㣬ڶĻʴ֮һ㲻ʲôʴҲûȣδףѵδߣɲ볯
̫ȻϵλҲ̫ƹһʱĳãֱ̫ϻʳף˻ʺ󣬲
ֵ˱ȻŹڣڴʱȫˣҪѣҲѲˡ
ôģϲǲϲ
ڼҺúõģȥû
ʣ㲻أ
ûڡ
Ҳǡ
˵һỰƾ̫ͷۣҲڶʣȥϢ
ϣĴű㱻˸̤ˡ
ƱУһһ㲻
ԵԺ밲ƣү²ڸȥǰԺӴˡ
üͣүոճȥôһͲڸˣⶼˣҹô
ǣүȳȥܿͻֻ֪үûߣԺ档
Ұˣүߵġ
ȥʲôҲ
ư˰֣֪ˣȥ·ȳȥĺˡ
˲ͬڵĹү˲٣һЩģҪıƽʱҪһЩʱӣŰѡ
ƿһۣģġ
²ҡ
˳ȥſڵŰơ
ƻ·㣬ﱧŶβȥǰԺ
·ϰѯԺﶼʲôˣҲи׼
ȻˣôҲû뵽̫ûˣӸ̹
ʹŵ˵һǰԺѾΪˣҲյʦǱ߼¼
ƺͣ£ˡ
ס˵
аҲȥһЩҪ飬ʲô׵ĵطҪţҪ¼ҡ
Ͳ⣺覴ã
ĲţǿԲˣҲܲ˶˵ģʲôǿԿ͸ĵġ
Լǣͽа
ͷȥǰԺȥǰԺ
(δ)

һһʮ ͥ

ǰԺ˻治٣һű㱻ϹܼҿˣϹܼҴʱæýͷö̫࣬æү棬ҲҪˡ
ƹܼҼæ˹ȥ
ţܼˣҹȾ˵纮Щأˣˣ
ܼæ˵·ڵ飬ǫˡ
š
ųԺ￴ȥ䣬ЩԱݲߵľԺţЩǰš
ǳЩʶĹԱͷллλˣλˣү£ǰ棬үллλǰء
ˣҵܼѾǲʤңүӭҵȴˡ񲿵ɷæǰС
ĿʮˣǱõƤãɫҲһܱͬȽϡ
ɵķˡܼҽܣƵͷʾ֪ˡ
ڣѹˣҲЩˡ
ɷѾˣҵŰƵ·кõһߡ
ƽȥǰ׷״кͷ
ǵǲǰ˿ʵǲʶƵĻᡣ
ƽʱжʱҲǲͽĶ
˴ˣƽǰˮ©ۼɨ￴˸š
Ķˣȴûмʶġ
ʶ
λӵ棬λҲֻ˵Ƕĵط
ߣž֣ɷˡ
һɫ·һԪޣɫĴӣֻǵļţмһ䷽Ƕɫӣ߶Ҳˣ䡣
ܵ˵ܳΪһŮ֮۵һ
ƿͶǵͷתȥˣҲǵͷŽΪʲôûԭ
Ҳ⣬ϾصģģˣҲ˼ˡ
ǹ˷ˡ
ܼҴŰȥΪ׵һŮˣŮ˴ɫ·췢٣ĿһͲǺӦġ
ˡ
İӰǰӦþûʲôøС
紫ЩͬռǴЩҥԡƲϰƣϾǹĴĸĻҲ˵ȥ
壬ǣ㲻ܹܵ˵ˣܼң衣
ƷԸţ£Ҳ£ƿ˶࣬Բһȥʶˡ
°˵˼䣬վŸСǸС￴Żûʹ˸ţޣԲģĵǺƯʱƱе֣ġ
С￴ƿ̲סЦЦЦСѣһ˫۾ŷ죬ƿۻĶβе
ƿƿһŵе죬ǹС˾ˣǱߵ˵ͷ
С˵ͷЦƽ
˲裬ʣʲôʱ
㲻֪ˣû˵ҪȥұӲãϢүڣȥ뱾֪үڣҪ糯ȥ׼ȥˡ
˵ӣ뵽ǵȲˣҲûҪ壬׷׸ˣͿͣ½ȥ棬ǰʣµļҲˡ
ƴʱŷ֣Щʶġ
;ڣСڣǸ۾СԲСˡ
ƻصλ£ѯʵСˡС
ǰ
ܼæ˽ܣһ㵡
Сŵ˼ңǰ
ʮ꣬һŹĿ⾼üĿǺܺ˵ˣߵСѾͷȴܳ谮СѾͷڰƽźͲҴܣ Ҳûȥ̬ǣڣ˭ҲйСѾͷ顣
ƴʱ뵽ǰСѾͷǶδŵĲ˼ҲԭģͲöˡ
𰲹ˣƵǲ˽⣬ܱΪˣŲͨˡ
ųŰ˵ͷʾ
һᣬ˵ȥϷͲǵˡ
ƴԭļһ飬ûʲôӡ˵ȷʵǵˣ밲㡣
ǵñˡ
ҲƽϣߵСѾͷЦ˵ǰǳܣүүļܣⲻˡ
ˣԭô¡
ߵǰ˸ӣⲻˣȥٲ£˲ٵĶ£Ȼϣл
ȥϷ򲢷ǸƽϣֻǣĪĺһǻҸ嵨ΪҾϹᣬǴ겻ҳ㻵ЩꡣֱԲ䡣
Ƶͷʤм
л̻壬һúˣТҵƴ˷ԷθҲһᡣ
ȻһЩҲ֮ϷΪеο
ˡ
ƻǸмģô˵Ȼǽѣҵ
ֻǿϧǰСѾͷˣ
аȴҪ۸ǸǶõ㣬ˣ²ǾĶ֡
ǣƵϣҪ޸ĲСѾͷ
㣬ˣүүСŮô㶼ǵˣǿɻܡ˲˵
һΣȷʵһûС
ԭֻҪǲ鶼ˡ
ԭȣܾԭĻûߣԴԲµķã궯ⲻʲôԭĻǣǿűס裬Ѿ⿪ˣҲûǹ궯ˡ
ƻɻĵطΪʲôʱ˷˼ϴʱ򣬹岻ܿƺȻվˣҪ忴Ƶġ
ԭĻǣѵϵͳ⡣
°ƻҪ֤
ܵͲҪˣȥ㲻£òҪƽϲźáĸΣǸҲΪ˭¿ȥĺá
˴۾Բɣԭ½ˡ
Σ·ˡ
˵ߵƵǰ˵㣬ҽտɷ³Զٱ㷹أ
ǿԣ֮áƿ򰲹ɷ͹⣿
Ȼǿԡ˿ڣȻһߵСˣολүҲûдߣȥ롣
˲֪͹⣿Ƹ˸ӣôĹ˶ʹµһ뵽ıλүȻ˵ã̫ĳ谮Żˡ
Ұ˼ɣڼϾţǽҾŸ磬ҰˣҲ˳Ȼ
Ӧһת;˲ĵ飬ҲҲߡ
Ͷ÷ѯʡ
(δ)

һһʮ 

Ը£뿪һǲ뿴ƣҪֵҪʾҲù
˵ʲôҪ뿪Ҳ˵ЩʲôĻߣû뵽ܵȻ
Ȼ룬ȻʢȴҺү±ǡ
Ӧ˵ܺú˵
˵²͵ˣ
ܼ׼ţȥѰү汾Ҫ밲ˣ
أ°ˣ׷ʡ
Ȼп
⻹ࡣ
Цĵ󣬰ƵЩϲѾͷ
ܼӦæȥˡ
ʹʱҲѾͷţܼҳͽһȥҹ壬ܼȥš
ȥҲǴ֪˵ЩʲôԵóĬ
ˣŰơ
ƷСѾͷĶβܸȤ
㣬ǸӸұôСѾͷˣƺڱŶβˡ
кӣСҪҪͬУӣ᲻ˡ
ϸĽ⣬ѶβȥˣǸˣһɡ
æֱţҶһ㣬С㲻ҪŶ
¶ֺõЦݣβδˣſ˵Ļ
Ʒ֣껹Ƕµġ
صλ£ƵŹ塣
ȵԷû
ֻôŴȥԷϯӲͷƤţ˻˵źľǾ±˲⡣
˲ôӣŰƻӦ
뵽ƽʱԷȷʵйأЩ֮ǰԴ͹˳Էûвˣ˶࣬Ҳȷʵû뵽
ܼһ߸żѣѲãʧ档
ô˵ˣʡ
˱뿪ڣȿڣһԵ˱򱧲ƽʣԸôô£ҺԺ㣬ض
ɫһӣ󵨣
ţɫһǺ⣿
һ꣬Ըôɼһ
ôûصˣ˵ľϲˣôֵõ˵
ͱˣܲá
ͨ죬һǸ佫˵
ƱЩȥˡ
⻰ЩˣпĶѣ˭ܣԳӵ۾ģСΪǰ㣿
ư˰֣ˣˣҵִ׵ˣ˶˵ȥЦ
ܼæŻأǡ
ܼ˲ˣĿ䵭
Ҳһ죬ֲϰݡ
Ȼǻģ֪£Ȼ˹ص£˵Ҳпԭ㲻
ǲͲסЩ˲˺úóԷôǴǷǶֱ治壬Ͳˣ
㣿
ҧƺݣŮӳ⣬ԷΪ죬ôǿͷ˵ʲô֪Ѳɶ¸ڼûοոǶѣǲѲɶŵʱҲͻʺҪģ
ǣطֶԴСˣڹһӣһӡ
Ȼɱ΢ʹҲòŶ˵ѡ
˵˵ʲô֪£ѵ˷ֳߵ͹֪£˵ıҪ߳һͷ
㲻ֹ档
һսҪ˵˵£˸ƽһ֪¡
㡭죬ֱ
ŭӰƣ˵ʲôſڴŲ
Զַ֮ǷˣĪǱñ˵ЦأһϮ£ƹ壬Ƥý
˵磬æȥҺá
æ˸ӣ檼ү
嵭һ۰ƣ磺ˣţ
үϴˣ
ϴˣ˵ͣҪ㣬ϴֹġ
һƹȥ˰ߣ˫ֲһ°ƣ밲һ£¡
˫˫¹ȶŰкү

ˡ
š
硣
Ťʮֲˬ
ǵϱûдã˲ˣ嵭
ʱԹţ޳
ΪίӲʹˡ
Ǻ⣬ѯʲ˵飬룬˿죬˵˼䣬뾹ǻŭ
ƣд£ѯʣĿ⼸䵭˵˵ǣȷʵˣү𷣡
סͰҲĸ⡣
紫ԣȻʵ
ǰȻôԣ
ȻˣǾͻȥ˼ɣûбóȥܡ
ΪŮȥѣӣȥ˼
վ˸ӣ檸ˣããá
ƿſȥŮҺŹ帣˸ӣתˡ
Ҳ˹ȥ
Ȼˡ
һţϲȥ²˲ӬƵܡ
ȻίһЩ·ţȴȡˣ˵簲˵ʹҲˣһݵĳˣ¡
ƽգȥҲû˹˱ǹԼҹŲеˣ˶ͲҲ
ھ̫ĸϣҲй¡
ճȴ˵ȷʵЩá
Ƴе󣬵ﲻ̫
˿⣺Ǹģ
ƽҲͷۣСڽ󣬰⣬Ƥ˶ݣӡ
Ѿڵ.̣޻ģϣ͹˲ҪЦԭɡ
ĸͷֽţǷ˲ɣã
ðȥ˼Ǵ
Ű˫ϵ۾ڵ.̣̻
磬Ǻ˵ǰžǵ㣬ҷǸʶˣͷҿȥǳң˵˼仰
֪̫үүӣҪҸ˭֪ǷȽᣬҿҲ˳ۣһ˳أҪǻ̫˵ϲϲĲˣҪϱȻѻҲôӦ
˷߷߲ƽĿŶҪӣס֣¾ɣҲ⣬Ȼ̻ҲȤ߰ɡ
üͷһǸ˰һǶûС
̫˵ʵ
Ůܼ޸һ˰
á
ž˵֮£һĸ˿Ϊ
˻飬үҪ߰ɡ
ƻ˻̫£ܰʯͷԼĽţ˶뿪ˡ
˿ſ뿪ˣʧ
ҲһŮû뵽˳סպôܵ
Ҫġ
(δ)

һһʮ 

ãʡĿ˳ۣᣬүүԷҪԷɣΪңһŽȥ˼Ű顣
˵ȷʵһͬţȻϷҲ³ˡ
飬Ե
忴ſڵĹܼңȥ˵룬л
ǡ
ܼæȥ밲ƣƽŸ£ſھˣָ˻ȥ
ŰƳŰ˸ӣлֺͰ˴кȥš
ֹȥůˣô
䡣
ȷʵû䣬һضˣʲô
Էɡ
ſ֣ųԷ
ƴһԷеĽڵүү޸޸Ǹ㿴ôûϢ䲻ҡ
ˣ̧ͷޱĹ壬Ҳû£һЦѡ
ƿɲκһŮ˽ǸˣҲС
ʲôܷ֣Ψ˲ֻܷ֣ãһˣǾ֮
οн񱣬ǾԲܺ˹ͬһ˵ġ
һ֣Է
Ŷ
˻֪鲻ɸҲѹֺðƣʰܲܳͣȻòӦ
Թ˿ˣҲˣòӣ׼ȥһ£ߡ
æſһΧ׷׵ͷҲҶ࿴ߵķɿ죬ܿԺصӣŹϣβܵÿ죬ҪŽȥſڲԴˡ
βŵһת굽£˳ŰĿȿȥ˰굽
ͷβ졣
Ŷβȥһţһߵ᷿Ϣʱٲ߱ȻǶġ
Զ㡣
ﴫŶβȥ᷿Ϣ
Ʊŵϣָѹȥ
㲻ˣûϴ衣ýţѹĽš
˯ˣý˲٣ʱͬգҪڿЩ
Ҫ
šֽ⿪ϵļ·ǰùסڵ˫֣ҪԵء
ҹδߣƸоҲˡ
ᱳʹıŹ壬ûԣ˯˹ȥ
һȥԼоҩģҪ׼һЩҩƳ
һŪһ꣬Ĳ
ƳȻȴҲ޹඼Ҫ˺Ҫɥ֮ʹƳٻеҩҪӡ
õӣҲʮʮпܡ
ΪΣսϣĺ͵ǲҲҪȻڷɱһ¡
Ľ˵.̬ҽߣŲʹ಻ܡ
ƵطȴҪˡ
ѹɽ
һ繬ȥ糯绹û
ƱҪţȥһֿԸƳҩ
ϰŶβ׼ţҺסҪš
绨죬ǸţһžһЩ.ʱðǰңڼҿЩϣЩ˿һʧһҤҪҤԺӲڣҤʱҪ˿ţǶˣ˭Щ£
ģһῴüҡһ˵ڼҪҪ˷׷ãĴ
Ƴˡ
˳ǣڳˮͣ£ΧˮתһȦҪȥһ䣬캮ضģȻѾˣ滹һ㺮ûı
ƿһᣬɫˣȻˡ
ȥ죬ʣ£
ͷһ棬˵ݱүˡ
ûɡƵͲµˣʱûʿܳץˣǰݱѺˡ
֪˰ȷʵΪǰֵܣȢã÷Ȣ֪϶ãѺүѾһҲɵ氵գؽȥͬǵһһֱʱ
ҿһЩ˽ȥһͷˣûдûˣһ棬ܲ͸簵ա
ƱȽĿ棬۾ҪӦæͺһʮ顣
ҪɱңƺȻϰ
Ĭˡ
֪
ƲЦΪ֪
β굽ƵĻ˸λſ£˲䰲Ƶβë
һξȰݣǰǷĶˡ
лл£ΪȥҲԸ⡣ĵ
ûһʱʱ̿ϣҪˣڿ˵ΪǣǲǺܿЦô
صƴͿſڵɫ˪Ĺ壬ƱŶβһꡣ
ү
Ƹ˸ӣ岻Ƥ˵ͷү
˽԰ǣ֪ȫȻᰲƣ̵ϥأү𷣡
߰ɣҪ㡣תһ㵣ǽѵأǽѵء
ŶβȥԶСˣҪ㣬ˡ
˵Ѷβ˰ת˸
ȥںʣʲôģ˵ƹܣѲðҳҸҩģҲˣ
˵
Ȼת˪ƲײȥͣƲ˵Ҫȥģ߰Ժ˭ҵĻҪƹŽȰʹ
㵽ܣô죿ҸĵĳЩҪΪҴ㣡
ֳ̧Űȥһľګ
סһÿתŰƣϢʼ
վԺɪɪҴ
ҲүŭҪ͵¥ȥ
һ¹ӣҴˡ
ƿƵ֣뱾Զ㡣
üҸ򻣬ǶԱ
ʣ˭ģ
Ҫ˵˵ţƻǾãðһЩó幬塣

Ժߣƿǵˣͷһ۵ϵʯשɲᣡ
תȥȻˣܲ˹ǽȥ̬ȡ
ƳŰŶβš
С
ƽжββ뿪˳ŰƵĿܵƵĻֱӻ˽
(δ)

һһʮ үү

ʱţҲһ⡣
Сˣſŵ֣Сôˣ
ҵأƽѯʣŵæ˵ȥǱߣѶβһţСȥתת
ŵһãȻźתת
ôģ
βͷŵģ֨֨лȲˡ
ŵæŵͷȥ
Ƽ˰һȣƣôˣҪҩģ
аģʵð泩
ҲǣҺ͹峳ˣܻġ
ɶҸ㳳ܣ
һӣվˣźͱ˵ദǢˡ
ˣ֣һֱڼңôġ
΢΢һ㶣Ź£ҿƣƮ
ʣң
ȥ˶ȥǻ˳ȥԺұȥˡ
ŶҲˣԭȥȥˡ
Ժʲô
Ҳûʲôȥתתҵͻȥˡʵش
֣ſôˣͳģ
Ժš֣ƣ㲻֪
֪ȷʵ֪
չ죬е飺Ҫˣɱ˵ǵġ
᲻ǵ£
Ź֣еͿҪܻǲܣ
㲻ùܡƽ
ʣô
á
ǵͲˡ
ʮ̹뵽ǣû˭ܱȵϹ壬Ҳ⡣
˵ûԷһŵƽʣ׼ˡ
û׼ãѾ˽ſڡ
Ⱒš
ͷ˵磬Ъˡ
ġæ˵
ŵĻͷһۣ֪ǽġ
ţ㿪̨ףŵ˿æǰү
أ岻ϻ˵ˡ
ŵ˵С˵ˣ׼÷
峯Ž￴ȥƻͨҪϲ֣͸ҪȢһϲ죬æòֺ
ԸҪôæµֱӽţŵȥš
ʣүǽס£
Ӧţˣ͵ˣסɡ
һȥ߹ܼҡ
š
Żȥˡ
ҩĿҩģðҩģҩĿѾˡ
ҽ˵СҩĿ⣬СҩĿ⣬ƿҩģҽǶ
һŵӣǰҪҩģȻҩĿⲻȱҩģҩģЩûеġ
ҽæ롣
ǲֵǮģҽһ
ҩĿվţƿͣ¡
С㡣
ҽЩʶ壬İ˱㿴ơ
帺ֶĿȻʣô˵˼ͻң˱Ҳ񣿡
ү
ҽϳ壬æǰּ
µȲμү
ûᣬơ
ƿ׼뿪ɫһվס
ͣ£תȥҽǿʼǣСĳ裬ѲҪޣݵˣ
˽Գǣ˵䣬㻹ɫ˰ǰƲء
ǵġ
ſ§סƣڻ
ҽСȥ޵ģǽ˵ģ
㲻ҹôҿǵģˣŻˣҵ벻ҹ
Ƶ§
ҽ۾⻹ǲһ
㻹òҹ˰ɣƵ
á
⻹ࡣ
һ¹壬뿪ûš
ոսŵбүС㣬Ȼ˸С㲻ٽУǡ
ү˼ǣȻѼ˸ˣүС㣬ү
ү
ү
ҽæż⻹ʱ
ɡ
ŰƣȥԷƷԸЩҩĸҷźãһҪߡ
ղߣסˣҽǰҩպãմߡ
ǰ棬鲻
ʣҪס£
ʣɣ
ƵҲû˵ʲôһȥԷ
Ҳ˹Ӻܴ󣬳ԷҲܶ࣬µĸˡ
ʼЩнûʲôӣŵÿˡ
˸嵹Ҳ߲ܣǱš
̰ջҪ糯λ岮ɡ飬ҲͲȰơ
Ҷܸˣ˷뿪ֵСصƿ
ˣҲȵЩͷΣȥϢŹסݡ
Ʒ֮ǰҲһЩ
ϲһЩҲʲô衣
һνƵӣ档
ŹȥһȦߵԿƿƿ޹ޣ࣬ҩӡ
Ψ˼ֽһ̨ѹֽм֡
ͷް
忴һЩ֣λˣҪͷ
дġ
û˵ʵʰһ´׼ȥϢ
Ӻ汧ţ
žͲšƺʱҪˡ
˴⿪ϵ£ˣЪš
忴ѣҲҲ⿪ϵ·
ֽ⿪ᣣȥҰơ
Ϩ˵ƣܼߵſС飡
Űһʲôܼһ£תˡ
ԶԶһۣÿү˿
Ϣһƿ˳
ѳˣ۾ɫĳؿצ洩󣬾˫ŭ˭ˣ·һ̾Ҫ
ģҪҸȱóȥˡ
Ҳǣڳתأƻû˯ѣ
ʱó˵תţƷ˯Ӧ飬תѾˣֻü˯
˷뿪˽ߴһЩҩ뿪
صȥ˲ûʲô£һȰ⣬ҪƱţڸү
ƺȻָ£ôˣ˶֪ǱӻģΪԼġ
ԹƳţѶβ¡
һҩ̵ʱ򣬿һ˼ææ˽ȥһ߿һܣżһˤˡ
żǱæ
פ㿴һᣬĴ˵Ϸ򲻸ȥϷȷʵҲû취Ϸ˵Ĳҿá
Ҳܲ氡
ļ٣޵ˮǼҩ̵Ĵ˵ʲôҲæƶȥһš
߰ɣҲû취
ת棬˵ͶʮңǸˣųŻȥߣһ߿һ߲ᡣ
(δ)

һٶʮ ˾ո

ƾʹӺţһ֣һҸźܴĵطд֣˾ո
˾գ
ԭļһûʲôӡ󣬹ԭܼסֻй;ǲס
ǰĸۡͨĸܴۡҲֻܿǿȥһ㡣
ϵôƲ֪ð֪
Ȼ֪ԥһ°˵Ϲĸۡ˾ĸۡ
Ϲ飿ȷʵûӡ
Ȼأ
ǰڴĶˮйˮĽ첻Ϻˮй飬˵йʱˮȷʵйҲȷʵǧĶҲһĻѩӴ󣬴쿪ӵʱıѩվѩӣҪ͢ӻ˶ӣ½졣
µʱ⵽˷ԣڲ⸮ۡҲ䵽ˡ
ϧ˾һǸ飬ϧҪ˶Ȿ˲Ƶ飬µò֧֣͢Ϸ˺ܶࡣ
Ѱ˼һô˵ûǮˣЩ򲻿Ͼˡ
ô˵ɡҲô¡
ȥţҽȥƷԸȥţֻҪǣʲô˵
һᣬһ˳֮ǰǸҴġ
ԷǰһһŮЩ֣ǣ
·ģźȿˮЩڿˡƽͣ˵ǺˣҲ밲ƽȥˡ
ȥˮһֱԣĿҪѷȳʣ˷ˣ
ҼϷˡ˵ſ
ʣûҴô
ˣǼûˣ˵ⲡȾҲβá˼ޣĵĲС
Ժ￴һᣬĿҵԺҲôһˡ
ȥϷˣǴ򡣡ƵȻ˵
˲˲ᣬ˲ɴ۾һŵӡ
Ҳϻ㲻Ҳˣ߰ɣȥҲῴ߾ˡ
ĵطƳǱ߹ȥ
Ҳûܿ찲ƽǱߵĿտӣĺܣһˣӸϣɫƣš
һ֣˭ҵĹ
̫̫Ȼʮˣ񻹲ϿҲƽ
Ĵ򡣡
ߵ̫̫ǰһסΧڱϣҲǽ˲ⲡȾִΣڹŴ˵á
촫Ⱦ
ǣ
ƻͷȥ̱첻ˡ
ſڵҡ
ãָ̫̫̫̫̫̫ǲôˡ
ɨ谲üͷ̫̫죬ӪҲ̫ãϺȡ
Ƴ̫̫һ˫ȿȥ̱ˣ
мˡ̫̫ƽ
ˣû˵㾹ˣæ˵
ƲΪȻɿ˵಻ãʱ̣ԣϺȣӪֵܼڣܲףǿ
Сֱ˵ɣһܻã춼Ѫˡ̫̫Ŀһ¡
˿ȥ죬Ҳһ궼⡣оԵİա
̫̫һ㵡
˵ûбīֽ⡣
С
æȥңܿƣдŷӣһŽĸҽر룬һŽȻ׼ãȥȡ
ǡ
뿪̫̫ʣɲǸ򡣡
˵ǰ֮ɽŮ£̫̫һ㵣޳ǰ󽫾Ů
ҡ
洫ǸŮ˼æʡ
Ҳܻ䣺ҡ
ôʹԲһ̲סʡ
ˣҪˣʰϳȥ̫ʧˣȥɣȥүûС̫̫Ըˣץץͷˡ
Ʊ̫̫˵𻰣̫̫ϸ꣺˵ˣ
ǣʱش
̫̫ЦЦãΪĸ˲ٿɣ
ãڶһ㲻ƵȻһЦ
̫̫ûм˵ʲôܿ찢ƿҩʣô
ˣ˵ܽӼõ̫࣬˿ڶòôӣǮЩԴöȣԼú̿͵ʾͬ顣
ƴԵļһ¡
ҲˣŰɡ
ҩȥҩſʹһĽӼãܿ͵Ժӡ
ûˡ
ƵǺκεĵطҲĽӼãһοԣһǲܵġ
̫̫ҩ̫̫оöˣҲ̫ûҩˣԵ͸оˣˣƽʱܣؿڱƵĺܣȴоؿڵЩˣҲ˳ˡ
̫̫м˵󽫾ǸˣҼΣǸҸ嵨ˣдˣǴ֮ҡ
ˣҵ佫û뷨Ч͢ͻı֡ƵȻ̫̫Ȼ˵ˡ
֣ǲֲˣ
̫̫ҡҡͷ洫Ů裬֪߳ܣǸŮˣ֪ҥԲš
Ҳǣɻ֮ǰһǸӣ²ӣҵұ㶮ˣԭ䣬˶ãЩõģƱҪȥúػ
ţеĸá
̫̫˵һ£ϷˣϺȲܶˣҸ㿴ԡ
ˡ
̫̫£ƽ׼˻Ⱥ濾棬̫̫ģ̫̫ûʲô̫ĸоƵģֻҪ༸ΣȻá
һҪˡ
ҵûȥˣһ˼ǵóҩЩƷ
뿪˾չˣƱ˸ա
ȹԹ濴ǣ졣
ʣн£
¡ɫأʲô鷳
ƽջȻҪ˵ȥһֱûƾ֪鷳ˡ
ʲô£ʣûס֪ʲôܰҪʡ
ʲô£ճȥˣû˵ҲģҲûʡ
һһ
Ϣƽʱ֡
һ簲Ʊ㿴Ź廻·ˡ
緹Ʊ˽֧һЩӣȥ˾ո
սһ׷ͷſվţȻͷȴһƣվԭظֶĿֶ˶Ӿ
ƿһಹܴʵ
˾á
˾࿴˿롣
롣
˽ţŶźСѾͷʮֿģӳǾû뿪ǽ˾ոĹˡ
(δ)

һٶʮһ ޻

ŰƱȥ̫̫̫̫ɫ࣬Ƶͷ
ǰȸ
˺ܶ࣬ҩĻһ¾ܻˣȻȫǿǿԵġƿϰƸ׼Ŀ֣չˡ
ôʹãϷ˲Ը⣬´Ⱦˡ
˵ҼȻˣͲܲܣǴǲˣҪҵġ
ðɡ
̫̫ſڱ֣Ȼ˾ࡣ
˾תȥ棬ǷûжŮǿԲⲽˡ
£ָûС
һҪȥ˾ĸǰһЩˣ
̫̫˵ܽңүˡ
Ͳ˰ɣץҲһãȻ͹ˡ
ǣүŹԱģ˾ġôġ
֣ѵΪѵ˾йϵ
˾ǹɣԭƹܹģΪӵ飬ѵǳˣ
ƺ̫̫˵˼仰ȥſڿûȥһֱſڿ
崩ųǴӹߣѥûлȥ
żˣŶǳ˵Ҳǳ͢ĹԱ
ʱ˾˵ʲô˾ɫʮ䵭£ѵôģ˵˾ˣǶȥ
ȥˡ
æȥͷһ۸ĹԱ˿ߣһ꣬û취˳ȥ
檼үƸ˸ӣ帺ֶ۵׵ĺɲԶ
ôֳˣܲˣ
үճһС磬޿ľ͸˸ϷˣϷȾ첡ʵش
̧ȥ
ү롣
ÿ˾̧ҪѾȥ
·⿴һߵİƣû
ҪǰæǾĿĵģæĺܼ֡
߽棬æŸ˸Ӽ
ָ壺үϡ
ˣûô顣ȥ̫̫˸к
˺á
̫̫˿壬˵岻㣬Ī֡
£ֻ˳·˱ǡ
漴£Ϊѵԭȱ£֪һЩ飬鱾ΣȺúõӣͷˡ
лл
̫̫л嵹Ҳû˵ģȥ棬û˵뿪ˡ
ƿ뿪ıӰ⾪㵣˻˼
׵ĺܣԽף¾ԽѰ졣
Ƴ뿪˾
һ·ش
ʱſڵţƼ֣˸ɨ衣
ȷûдȾЩģԤҩ͵ŷġ
үѵǹˮ飿ŰƵ֡
ûнƾ٣ĥӲݣһȥ߰˴Σգ֮鶯֮˾ȥգ㲻ٹȥ
Ϊ·
ȥģȥҵģǲ档§סֱۣߡ
ͣһ£˿ԣæȥҲҶתܿ뿪ˡ
Ҳˣ
꣺Ҵ֮ͥ±ֳ㲻˵§ҾǲˣοҲûбˣҲ§ֱۣʲô뷨
ˣŮˣŮӱһЩôǰͶͱһѡ
ֻ֣塣
ɿǡ
ưַſߡ
ֹȥ֣߿һǰ棬Űơ
ƺЦŴӹȻЩ
˭˭ô
ġ
صﰲƾ᣺ȥȥ˾ո
ȥҪİ취
㻹ȥĺã㲻ȥҷɸˣȥģҰҵģ˾˵ϣǿϣϾͲϡ
ɲҶи棬ֻ֤ҵףȻҲǳ˻㾡Сˡ
һ˵һֽ⿪ڵӣϵ·
쵹ǹɡû˵
үûãˡЦ˵
˵
屧ȥϣһֵǧ˴ɾɲðˡ
ۣӴ˴Ժɲûȥˡ
ֱ˾ոſڰͿſڵţŽգȴϷȥ
˶һۣȥǰ˸ӣү
ùܱǹ¡⻰˵ġ
ǳ檱ȥˡתȥſڣȥš
ûС˿ţæ˽ȥ
ˡ
æˣҪˡ
̫̫
תȥ̫̫˸ӡ
Ϸˡ
ˣ㲻˵Щʲôô̫̫װ£ŰԼ˵һֱ˵Ҫˡ
ûʲô˵ģϷ˰ټܶˡ˵תˡ
ſ˾Ժ졣

к˾࿴һ᣺Ϸøл㣬˲ôѹˡ
ҽߣְڶѣ⡣ƵȻ
˾ЦһĴȴûһġ
ĺףǾĳĿĵġ
ûƸţ֮٣ռҸĸк֮£Ȼ͸뱾ƽʱֻϣҸٰǡ
˾ûлش𣬰֪ţҲԣתſȥ
ŰƳŹ帣˸ӣֱˡ
ĸ֣ġ
ôãôûϢ
ȣ˾ȥſڿ档
ȥΪ͢񣬲˵ĺתġ
˾ȥ˾շ˵ү㿴ҵȡ
˾շŲȣǰȥ˴ڴվţ˫ȻŴأվˡ
˾һ㵣˰˰
ǰ˾շݺᣬѾ˰ˣΪⱲˡ
˾æߵ˾շǰ˾շ˸ᡣ
ү֪㲻ԸΪ͢ЧǸ㣬ǣ͵һɡ
˾շ̲ס˾ΪѣϷǲȻģûж£ô
үܾǸɺϡ˾շ˾ðƲƵˡ
˭֪أ˾˾շ£ڴϳ
ƳûϻȥҪȥҸ򻡣
ȥ۰ŰѰ˻ȥԼȥˡ
ΥӲͷƤѰסˣһװȥ˳⣬ȥҸ򻡣
·ϰܾ˴ţλͷûʲôˣԽԽùŹ֣оһģο϶ҲʲôţҲ
ˮߣͣоǸ˾ȻתƿԶȻվŸˣҴϵá
(δ)

һٶʮ ү

ô㣿ƽܰɫˣϾƽܲ˺
һ˴ֲ֪ɺ£ʲô캮ضֽŷ䣬Ͳ¶ͷƽһ˵һߵƵǰ
ƵҲûʣҳ£
ѲõɷˣƽûʣѾվڰƵǰˣſŰƣİȫڡ
Ʋ⣺ʶѣ
ҲѰɣ֮У˭ǵӯһһȻǹһ˵ġƽ˵ţϵĺý⿪ֱӸƹϡ
ƵͷһۼϣƽܣƤøң㲻䣿
ҲסŮˣഩЩкôڱ߹Ѿϰˣ߹طɳ죬ŰˣůõĺܡƽƿȥˮߣŰƿˮķ
ʣǲǲϲ߹أ
ϲΣǵǡƽԽĮ
ʣ˵Щ֪ʲô
ﲻãҲˣҹҹֻһˣҼ˵ҪҪң˵ҪҽӷϴҪҲ顣
㲻˵Ұɣˣƺᣬԭϲģôƽܣѵ̤
㲻ǵˣʲô£ǶʲôƽתŰơ
ֻ˵ԭһСĵ˺Щǵˡ
㲻ǵˣ
ƽܺЦ·𿴴ƵĻԣƱĿ죬ֱġ
ƽ̧Ҫƣɫһּ̧ȭвţƽܵɫһ䣬һ㲻
֪ãոƽ̽ģæŰ
һΣߵһ߶㿪ƽܲ԰Ѫ⿪ϵƤøƽܷŵϡ
˵ҲǱ㲻ǰɣȷʵҲǵ˭ˡǿ򶨣ܽԭ̤ƭˣȴܲ˱ʶ
˵ֻǹǿԽܣֶ˸ƽܣЩˡ
ƽתȥǰŪȥˣ˭
ǰƣҲòҲãҶǡƳһȥǸ˽ģʱޣҪץҲС
ɽﳤģɽԭطûУ˲֪ɽһСĶԴСβ͵ģ֪ǾǸ򻣬ֻ˽С
ҪҸ򻣬ȻҪˮĵطˮǲ뿪ˮ̫Զ
򻵽ˮˮҵĺۼ
ҪҺۼ
ˮߣһһ߹۲죬Ȼͣˣ££·ƿһ㡣
ƿȥץһȥ̲ݣ̳飬˦˦֣תΧ˿ɽȥ
תһȦ֮ǰҵһɽ
ɽܴ󣬰žܽȥҲû˽ȥ
ȵ棬олģʲôͲ֪ˣûǾͲǴ͵èƶҲȮƣڶˡ
ųЩҲͲˡ
һᣬʲôУ
ӣţоˣһӽűϷ˹ȥƶݣֽýһץ˸򻣬ӵ˲棬պÿڴŶȥ
һƽվſڡ
꣬겻ɢˡ
ߵƽǰεһֱң
ƻңҾͲˡƽĿ䣬ֻ˵Ҳ룬ϧûС
ҾͰ淢
ɡ
ƿɽ˾ȥ
ƽӰΣһ·ŵ˳ſڣƽȥȥӭȴ۶ϳĴǳ⣺ÿС
ۿǰ㲻ֵ̧ǰ˱µһַӦ
ǧһ֮ʣ屻գʮת䵽˵ϡ
δƿǰſƽܣƽüͷ壺ô£㵽˭
Ҳ˵ŵòᡣ
ҪͲֳԲ˶ߣڴϣֱײҵġ
תƿż۶ȥѾˡ
û°ɣƽ
ƿƽܣ˰֣û£ллҡ
ȥ
ƽһ°Ƶ׼͵
ˣնлٽңȻȥˣͥڣ˿˿ʵ
㴩ʲôʵ
ƽܲãװɨһۣŰƾ͸Сһȥ
Ʊק˰֣ˡ
û뵽ƽôδӳˣƲŷˡ
ߵſڣƽܲŰѰƷſû²Ҫһ˳ǣ鷳
ллٽΣǱˣ
ȥɡ
ٽ룬ҿߡ
š
ƽתȥةķ򣬲ǻͷֻߵĲ졣
ƵһᣬŵĳһǰƣڱʣС㣬ֺ͹үˣ
ûȥôҵã
ǡ
ƿѾ˽ȥ֪һڽȥ
֪²ãҲˡ
尲ֻү
š
ûһۣȥ档
ȥȴк
ƴһ꣬е˳ڣϰˣ
ԷɣܼңүҲӦõˣܿϿүԸ˹ܼҡ
¹Է˳ѯʰ顣
ȥˣƵͷ
ȥˣ
ȥҸˣץһֻġɽܾùʰ
һ˷ȥɡ
á
˷ƱŻȥ·˲С
ֱģʲô˵á
үƽ
Ѿʮ壬ҺҲѾصȥˡȻ
Ц
ȻѾˡ
ֻżȥ£ôæ
ȷʵæ˵֣
ŭҪңͲغǴҿ
ѶβҲץˡ岻ű߼˵
һ֣ץʲô
ûӣ͵ѣֳһѺ꣬ѵͻĻ
壬Ը£ɡƺ
תĿ׺ݣ˵
Ʊ˫۾壬һӣΪ˶βǲòҪҰС͵ѣߡ
ߣ屳ֿǸ
򲻹ȻͰ߳ȥ
(δ)

һٶʮ 

˹岻³Ҫڴڼ飬ʮ˰ȫϡ
ƴᱳۣ´Щ¡
ĳЩ˶ԣϵһͨڣ൱ڴһʮ泩
·糯ȥˡ
˿ڷ첻ţ׼ˡ
Ÿ򻰲ʮֲģҪľǻʺˡ
ʺȻܻȴﲻ
˸־ǻʺˣûһЩݶǸλϣҲ
˵ЩԺȻóҲ֪ġ
ֵط;һˣرŮˣٵĳûеݶҪһ춼ѡ
οʺҪǻϵ۵һҪõľҲҲûʺ
СӣԷѪһ߷Ѫһ߶򻣬Ҫȥõطһˡ
һɱʱ䣬˵ݶɱĴ治һ
ڲͬլʺô㤡
ڳкܿűȥƣѾʼƸˣĻɫЩζʱ
ʱƿվߵĹ壬˶ӹްϲãǳ¶
ưѸźãתȥϴϴ֣˺Һŵ㣬ƴȥ档
찲ƽʰӣԺרڳһ䷿䣬׼Լ׼ҽõҩû˯ĵط
ȻŹ˯ķ䣬ֻġ
ʱܹ£߻Ҫ׼һ䷿ġ
ŰƿĹ壬˸ӣү
鲻ߣ˰֣ˡ
үĪˣƹ٩е
ûĿ۰ƣӲˣ
в.в
һ꣬˱Ů˵嵽ǲС
ˣǾ
ڵ̫۵ġ
үô檻ܲˣڻᱳۣҪүߵǰŹַŵϣŭ
˼ң
һ˳ȥԶ
תߣ§סôۣ
뵽ЩǣȷʵЩӲãĻˡ
üаɣǴ򣬵һ¾ûˣү۷糼Ǹʰ·ˡ
⻰̹һ⣬ؿڵɢˣ糯һɨ⡣
ϲˣŮ˵㲻һˡ
ŬУȡޡ鲻ȥϢס
ү糯Ǻܸˣǲǳ˸ɫˣĹؿڡ
һ˭ҸɫɫԵˡ
Ȼˣүʲô˵ģ
ѾкܶЩƽһֱˮ˲ǣ񶼲ҳ棬һηηβ˭Ҳûбȥܶ飬Ψһָľǹ˾࣬Գٵȴ£˵ʲôϸе£ջ糯һָű˵ûá
£ߡ
һô˵ģ
ǵˡǵϵüһۣȻûָյ˵ûãеȴԶͺʣһõ鶼첻ãһ
ⲻݺô
˼һϷû˵㵹Ǻãһҧ
ʣ˸ģɣǲˡ
˼ԩ
үˣ廹ǲˣƼʣ˳Ҫʰӣš
ϵЩûöǰѹ鵯ˣ񶼷£˭Ҳ˵˾顣
ǳд󳼣ЩһͷԸ¡
Ҫ˾˼ɣ˾Ӱǵǰ̣ͬ⡣
Ϊ»ó͢ʧ棬Ȼȡ˴
֣ү㲻һ֮֮ϣҲȨ㳯Ұô˸ҸүԣǳдһͷҲүͷ
е°֪ľ㲻࣬ҲЩǻϸǰĺˣϷЩҲɵӣôܲ׹ݵλ
㹬˻ϣǻϵĳ購ʲôԣ
¹һүϷΪʱ򣬴˾ͲǺܸˣ£ָԡ
Ҫ˾ƫ˵С
˵Ϊԣʣ˲ү׾˾ô

Ȼ׾˾ˣΪʲôҪΪү飿ƾͲˣѲԼһˡ
̫һң̫ҵһңةһң߰˰˵ҲǺɢˡ
ǻϵˣȻС
ҲڸգϾϵ̬Ȱڵĺܶ¹ʺҲ飬ÿҪŻʺ󣬾ûƽҲҪͣˡ
ھ̫ңȻûʵϵʲôɫǹϴϲ£ԭȻϲûкӣϲˣȻû˸˵û̫Ȼˮڳг˵֮ˡ
µһǸǻʺµǸŮǾڳо͸ʢˡ
ң֪ȻСȴᵳӪ˽̫꣬ȻȨƣȴǳ
ôͻȻͳˣ
ôء
ǶԼ!
͢ûмһ˵Ҹ˾ְˣ˵˵ΪˣȻôͷڳȴһһ˵Թĸĵܵܣһĸǵճĳӡ
ԭȸڵʱ򣬴ֹһΪ˸¹ͣĸĹϵҲǲ
ĸȻǻ̫֮ԲҲΪĸ󱳺ҡ
˵ˣҵ֧š
ϻҪӵġ
м࣬۸Сѹű֡
ԭƽ£ϾǳҲȷʵΪ˹룬㲻һʶ
Ͼ£͸ûûˡ
ʵԽԽٺõƢҲǸ˾˸ˡ
˰Ƶͷô˵Ǻˣǰ˵飬ҪҲôĵӡ
ĸ˹һ˵ȣžƫ̻ġ
ǣ˾಻Ϲ鳯ҪϣҲ˵ǡ£Ŀ⵭Ȼࡣ
¸겻ãˡ
Ƹ£ү˵˾Ӧ˻سү˵ô
ԥһ᣺Ȼа취ʵƽز裬ֻ˴α˳ġ
İӣˣȻǰ߷ˡ
񶼷üޣ㣬»ʧأˣٲȥ£ԹصҪûϵʢˡ
үԻôģȻֳֵһڳϣ飬˱үȴǡ
ƴŵӣҲʱ乬ƢȻǸܱˣʵܺദߵҲô
(δ)

һٶʮ ˾շ򸾵

忴۰ƣֵΪҺĵ߸ҲˣǵֵܣԱǺõģֻ֪ѡ
ûжͣҲûм׷ʡ
ү԰꣬檾ãٹ죬˾ͻǣʱȻˮɵġʮİա
֣ô˵
ڻ˵ֻҾãǶ˾һĲĹ涪ģΪᣬҵ϶Ҫԥġ
˵ĲĲ˵յҪġ
Ĳ£Ͳÿüչˡ
ײȥ˾ո԰Һܷӵ岻Ǽ꣬αںһһϦ
˵ԥԥʲôү֪
һﾪˣһϣվ
ôˡ忴ƣƴվЦĺƽ
ϸƣ뵽ġ
ү֪ˡ
˾౻ԩһҪǳ͢£мԴҲӣ鼴̡
ְֻҪٽһС
ֻһѣ׹
ȻǸˡ
ƻЦߵǰǵ˸ˣ⼸ڼϢҲҪȥˡ
үѾעˣҲ뵽ˡ
Ȼѱвĵ
үӢƸ˸ӡ
̧ͷ˵
үѵȺ
պ˾ո
Сվһߣ˫ֲͷһۡ
˾շʣô˵ģ
ɲǡ
СΪƲֵ
˾շһ꣺ү
˾ʣ˵һ飬ô˵ģ
С˵˵²ѣ񲻵óڼ˼һֻͣһ͡
һô˾շĲ̡
ȥҸȥʣˣһӣùȥúô˾·棬ѽеһ˳
ӵףǮģԭҪЩƷûȥãƱˣҲûϡ
Сӣæ˳ȥ
翴ߣص˵£Ͻ˴Ӹš
ֳųŲгǱȥС˸˹ȥ
С˼װߵżײֲ֣ˤĶһء
Сæȥǣߵżˡ
ֺ˵ЦǺǵģûµģߵĿƽ´Сĵ㡣
ǡ
Сûߣ͸֣Ҳû˵ʲôС̲ס˼ȥʲôֿ˿Χ˵ȥЩ㿷
㿷ʲôӣˣ
ûУǸǼӳԵġ˵
С֣Ǵ˼ң˻㿷
Ҳǡ
ԥһ˵ⲻǣҼŮ˰²ҼӱҲģ͸һ£Ҫˣƹܼ£Ҫǰ첻ãǾһͼͣȥλ
£С˼װȡ
ֵͷ˭ӲϲŮˣҲǵİɡ
㿷ʲôã
ҼŮԵģҼԭȿǼңһദǢΪģȻ˵ˣ㲻ȥǼˣҼҪ㿷
ԭҪһٷҲó㿷Ҳǲˡ
ǰҼӶӲãźһЩֻε¹شӲԭ£Ҫ
С˼ææ˾ոűȥ˾շ˺˾ࡣ
˾շǸˣϰָβôΣǷûûŮѰƵŮ˾շ˱Щܽܣſ
˾ȥ
¿Ǻã˾շһ߿һʡ
˾Ҳܷƣͣ¿ӣҲţõôѲɾͲ£
˾շɷ򣺡ѵ˵ƭǵģ
²˵˾ҲòעˣõҲƭˡ
Сżˣˣǰʱ˵ܳ裬»黹ΪŰܻ˽һ˳˵¶浽ȥˣ˶ǻϰŻʼҵ棬Ӳѹ£롣
£˾շݺ᣺Ǻ
ϣп͵
͹˵½ҩ飬š
£ʵ
ү˾ˡ档
忴һ۰ƣ֪취Чˡ
үȥɡȥæµ
תȥ棬ͷѰ
嵽ǰȥӴ˾˾շˡ
˾˾շ˱뵽ǰ崩⣬ߵ档
μ
μү
飬񣬿衣
ȥ£衣
˾շ˿һ˾࣬ʹ壺ү֪ڲڸϣĲˣǰҪлġ
Ӳ㣬£˲ؿתҲΪ¸еˣԺѴ¸
嵭Ȼȴ˴ơ
˾շԥһᣬ˵ү뵱лл֪үͨڡ
ﻰô᲻ͨڣżз纮ҪȾģ.ȥϣ˵лҲ١
ѣ˾շºɡ
ʲô顣
µĻ˾շ˱û˵˾׼ҪߣңһŻŵģû£żᵹˡ
źүɣˡ
˾շվɫһ԰ס
²ȴһƽ˵ݵú
үεˡ
ҺڵϣҲ̧ͷһĿޡ
˾˵үôˣ
ɫ䵭δϻش
̧ͷ˾࣬æŲ˲ᣬĿ˵ū澸ո˯Ϳˣүūͻȥ
Ǿȥɡ帺ֶӷŵȥһá
˾շҲȥ
ɷ
һ᣺ںԺɡ
ȥ˾շæŸ˹ȥ·˾շȽŻæ˹ȥ
·ʹ˸ɫҪЩȥԺ
æȥ˺Ժ˾շԽòԾߵĿһЩ
ȵԺԺ￴ǳһˣ㣬һүˣ㿪ôҲûã
ƽʱÿĺܣôˣţһߵͺһֱޱӡ
ͷʲôޣ˲֪ˣ
˾շһʲô׵ġ
(δ)

һٶʮ 

Σ˾շҲ̲סˣʵ˼
嵽Ҳƽ˼ȡڸ裬ҪȢѰСʹ룬ӲãǱĴ
ү˵ǣϾүԴүͲ˵ȥЦ˾շɫѿԹĸʧ
ԭ˾շ˶Թ廹ЩøУ˾ոûʲôֵ飬Ȼһ֮֮ϣ˾ոҲмӡ
룬ԼҵĺԺ˵ĺΪޣƱϾ飬ҲЦ
˾շԽԽ
˾շϣⱲ¾Ǽ޸˾࣬ӵ飬Ҳһɡ
˾˵Ͳ˸ãûûŮȴŮ˶ҪҸǲ齣ҲûиеɷĲ˵ĸˡ
˵ҪȢ飬˾շ۰ƣôõһˣȴҪЩ
ҪȢģʲôЦģǣԴ䡣
˾շ˲֪˵ʲôԹʧ͸תɷ˾ࡣ
˾˵Ȱ˷ųɡ
취ŷԸ
˵үˡ
Ǹ⣬ϧˡ˰֣ʾⰢ
˾շˣ˶Ҫˣȴںһˡ
õүȱһô
ǲ£żŰðѲȢš
˾շȥڵأɫݻƣЩ࣬ΧһƬңϻשǸֿ⣬סĵط
ĺӡ
˾շæߵƵߣȥƣҪѰƷû
Ҳһ£һϰӣŵĲᡣ
ȥ˱
ơ
ƺ޷Ӧ屧˻صסӣҽ
ҲŵòᣬôŪٳˡ
תȥиҽ
ҽҲһݡ
Ƕˡҽǰģʵشε飬ǻ濴
ϿϢ΢εˡ
ǲ
ЩģŰɫѿȿЩҩ
ǡ
ҽæµ˾շһҲܵǣҲǲһʱϾһ¹ϵش飬Ҳû˶Դƣʱĵӣġ
ҩƲŽѣ۾Ʊ㲻˵˾շǿ˵仰ȥȥˡ
˵˼Ϳ͵Ļ˾Ҳü£ת뿪
һ߹̻صߣƵ֣ơ
۾ſڿһۣСĸǽж
˵˿
ˣΪˡ
ƺЦǴʲô£ϷȻҪ档
ȷûˣƴӴ˵ĵôôСֻһŻˡ
ͺҲ˲ᣬŻˡ
ǳȥɣ׼ԡͰҪԡƴӴĲ
һᣬȷû£˵ѱŻˣҪԡҲҪ
ưһ۹壬ϴԧԡ֪᲻
뵽ЩʲôƵŹϴɫһֽ뻳Уҵ.Ϸ
.ϷĴ۾Ҫϴһԧԡ
ϴԧԡڴϱŰƣİƣ֪Ȣô̹֪͸Ȣ
ˣ˵ҲûסЦˡ
үȢͲˣƶͲҪ޸үǸҲүġ
Ǳϲڵơ島˳ӣ˵Щ˾˯ɣ.Ҫ糯
ȷʵˣһ˯ڶϡ
ƴӷȥҩȻ㸴ӣ鲻ǺܺãҲӰҩĽȡ
ʹһЩЩ˰֪ҩҪ깤ˡ

ǰ񣬰ƵȻˡ
²ҡͿƣѾү˵ĵˣԸ
Ƴǰ˿ȥʮŲͬŲӣװһЩߣŶǹ
Ѿ׼ͼֽȿһ£ҪһƵͼֽǴſһ£Ҫܹ깤Ҫȫ˵
Ϳ򹤽໥һᣬһԴһЩ񣺡ͼֽϷ򿴿
ƴӿͼֽԷ򿪿һᣬ΢΢һᣬ㵵ʦкμң
ΣƺûвĶһľΪˡ
Դʶͱڲͬˡ
·һҹ֮ĶⱲҲ벻ġ
ô˵Ҳˣ˵ʦ֮ˣ׸ѧϰܶණ˼֮ǰ룬߸ˣȻҪˣҵֽš
ϹһΪѣȻðƶֶϽš
ϷçײˣͼֽϷ򿴵öָֻ㼴ɣʱ䣬Ҫ¡
¾͹ˣƵû뵽ôġ
Ϲгǣ¡
ʦˣʲôĵطҡ˵ת棬ǰѾиʰһ£ֻŹˡ
ǽţҲ˽ȥʼͼֽ
ǺܿװƵ˼ƽŴ
һȥſڵȹ塣
͸ŰƵſڣŰơ
ֱҡ
ּӶԣûл磬ҪԶʶ硣
ƻͷۺȽȥɣҡ
£ʣл˵
͵硣
ӢȻʲô¶ͷе
һ꣺ʲôֱ˵ɡ
ݵ飬֪
ƾ֪˶Ƶģһ磬͸ųû¡
ȻͰغˣһҲǰҲǰ
һܰﵽˣҲûʲôá
֪
δ㣿ʵ
ƿͣñδ㣿
ܵĺá̽
ƳһᣬȻû뵽ͻô˵ת˵ȷʵ¡
ҲǸɵӣҪȥһɱˣҲ޿κΣ찢Ѿ˱һʱûסӦˣ˵ҲֻӲͷƤȥˡ
̧ͷƣʣȰݣ
ȻȥϾǴӦˡ
ûٶԣվһˡ
ߺתȥѰ˼һϣżˡ
ϾӦмˣݵ϶ǿŲסˣ˵ֻˡ
Ʋ꣬ͬǴԽô˼ҴԽ߳ƣԽ²˳ɱˣҪûꡣ
һᣬ׼ȥſڣûȥ
Ƹ˸ӣү
š
ȥƣסͷʣĪ뱾ˣ
үѧˣתŻȥ˾顣
ûȥ쵹ûʲô·
ӦþͲˡ
챾ȥһˡ
û˵ݵ飬ʵڹϣҡ
(δ)

һٶʮ ˵鲻

գƴճž˵˾Ѿµõ͢ãˣԭȵĹ飬ʡְ˵ˡ
ʡͳǸ飬Ȼֹȷһʡͬةˡ
ȻƷة࣬ȴнةĻᣬʡֱϣ͸ӽһȨڳĹԱ˵ܽʡ͵ʶ˸.٣ϾةҲûкܹܶӽةĹλʵˡ
ڽתһȦȥ
յſڱ㿴ſվŵСˡ
С˿ȥһС˵ҷȥ˾ոġ
ղ㣬հɣȥһ뵽ü˾򸾵飬Щ˼
С㲻ȥ
СҲߣ֮ǰҲǽʾ֭Ȼȥ
Ϸ˵첻ãϴθҩԵĲˣԽãȥɡС˵Ųᡣ
ƻЩɣС˵Ǽ١
룬ƲŴӦȥ
СȺ򣬰ƻص׼һЩҩģСȥһ˾ո
˾ոĸǰƴ̧ͷ鸮֣ſվ
С˺Ͱƣæųˡ
˶С˱ϹϾСˣæŽү
ƲҲף˾ྭһʣߵûбˣֻСһˡ
»صУȻĹ֮ˡ
˾ûжŮС˶ǾľӣҲһðٺˡ
ƿСˣ˵·֮ǰ֮ͬǰҪһЩ
С˵æӦʣ
ƴźҲ
ǸĴˣҪź򡣡С˵ſڵӦʡ
롣С밲ƽȥƲȥ˾շˡ
˾շ˻һͷǶĹޣ㲻ͬѰգǶׯ

Ƹսţ˾շ˱񣬰˼˾շˡ
ҵ˲
˾շǿЦЦ
˼ˣ
˾շסƵ֣˾ոˣһܵ𡣡
˾շ˹ǫˣһƷھȻڣǱˣȻʲô˻ǲҪ˵ˡ
һƷھǰ˵õģֻû⹫ǿ˾շ˵ĴţѾӵּ⡣
ȻƲôһ㣬ȷʵ
嵫˵Ȼͻ
ˣ»Ǻܴġ
϶£ʲô
ֻǸˣǰҲûʲôùӳԡ
£Ȼ鲢ǺܴȴҲ
Ժⲻ˱ԡ
ǫˣĲκõģү֮飬Ҳ£ȥ֪ˡ£ûպʲôҪԼ˾ո飬˾ո±ضǡ
˾շ˵žҪ¹򣬱Ʒš
˱
Ʒ˾շˣ˼Ȼ֪飬Ϊûв𴩣
飬үһĲ˰æȥľǿȻϣǾôܣǰյڶ棬ʳѰ
£ʵҪȥģ˶ʮĹˣûйͻпͣϣǻϸ
סΧ˿˰֣ʾȥСҲף⻰øæȥ
Źϰº˾շ˵𻰡
ƳŻȥʱѾˡ
뿪ʱƽܼңȥ˾ոүɡ
ƴͿſڵţһɫ£ơ
Ʋһ˲촩ĺ
ţид
һ˵һҸȵһҸΨеȲǲҡ
ߵǰƸ˸ӣ檼ү
Ƭ̣תȥƱš
Ѱ˼ţⲻЦģѲ˾ڳ鷳ˡ
ȥ˾ո飬Ʊ˾ո߸塣
ô˵˾շ֪Ϸʵ
˵ʼ뵽һЩ֮ҲԥүŵˣžãΣ֮ûв𴩣˾ҲȷʵҪиصе;
үҵ̬ȣᶨ˾շ˵뷨渵
Ժͣ£תŰƿȥ˻
˾շʱʶ˾࣬˵һ飬˾շ˳ţԺգʱ˾ȴֻǸľ
ȻԵģ˾շ˵һֱûֱ˾ʮʱ볯Ϊ٣ż޸˾࣬ʱʹˣҲȥǽһܴ¡
ӣ˾ȥȢ̵ģȴΪϡ
ǷעظˣҶŮ֮кøС
˾շ˵ү˴ңܸжΪү¿ţس顣
ŶܵŶһתӡ
ƸŻȥŹϹӺ汧ס֣ͼ屧תһȦѰһ
ʲô
Ҫá
˰ƿʼĲɣȻһЩ˵ģûϡ
ľǽá
ҪƱ£·һƬȾ㺣ͷȥ
ֵߣƲŷ
Ⱒһ棬˰֣ʾȥ
뿪Զһ˷ݻٲܣҪˡ
׼ϳŷӴӴƤ˼ɫĳ洩ŶǶ
Ȼϲ͵ùš
һһʣ£
۾˯ǰ˵˯ǵЩ飬ֻõ
ߵǰƸݵ飬ү͸ɣҪҸү°ɡ
ɫһԣ
꣬ļԱ˭ã˲ġ

տڣưַŵϣסҪ˵Ļ
Ŀ䣬ż촽ӳȥ£ѰƱס
ֱȦס˽ڻܰСĹ.
һᣬ뿪
˿û˼Ѿգ㶯ûС
үݵŮˣүûңү
ѭ򽥽ֱݳ䣺ߣ
ֽƿתš
££·ߵſڣȥֱһӣźһϣѰ档
æӺŹ뿪ԺƳȥתŻȥ
°ƿſڣۻС˿ôһ͹ˣ
ȥϢ׼ں͹˵ݵ顣
ûܼҾţææҪˡ
(δ)

һٶʮ ߰

ƴӴŷ˼ȥţŴϹܼҿ޵ݺᣬƲҲ֪ǲˡ
·Ҳϻƴſҩ䣬һ·ϹܼȥĺţǱ뿪СţѾ׼ˡ
˸ţԭûãؽյĵ棬ԲȣۿͿ첻ˡ
Ϲܼ˵ԭûжӣиӵŮһʱͿӵү˵.ˣȴ³
ĸķ꣬޸ʲô
ߵС⿴ϹܼңǸȥǲȥ
ϳ֪ͣ¡
ǺεȵĺͿ
Ҳ顣
Ϊıʿĸ֮ʣվẦ
¿ùˡ
һתˡ
ϹܼݺӣĲ̡
ϹܼҶ߶£үҳȥ
ģ
̲סˣȥ˵ʲô
Ϲܼҷ·͵仰ˣһƷԸæŲ˲˳
βɿϳ굽˰ƻ
˳ûȥıţﱧŶβ˯һᡣ
Ϲܼ棬һĳ·ҪƵġ
뿪˾ǳȥ˶ʮһ·ڵ˹Ѻݵĵط
Χ䱸ɭϣСһڹͺͺɽ¡
ҪŷܣлǺΧţ澹Ȼ˺ܶʳ㡣
ƴ߹ľţ¿ʱ򿴼Щʳĸ⡣
ǴĵΣĵΣ߸ͣҪŽȥط
ΰҲΪԼһѺôȥùľԼ
Ȼ廹˵ûʲôƹߵ飬Ǵ˹ĵߣûʲôӡ
Ѱ˼ţͲ
˵ȻǴĵΣǵȴүƹܣҲԭ򣬵֪طʼ͹үƣƹǳеˣүĹϵҲǺܺãƽʱ
ֻ֪һ˵ûƣүС
ĻͲ˵֪Ҳ˵
ûм׷ʣﻹǾģжı£ƿشļ
һ˵˵ε˾ؽ˹
˵ϵۺ͹ĹϵǲΪ֪ģϵµһǿܡ
˵ǵΣ˭֪ʲô
ټĵοŲСžûжʮͱĻ⡣
ӶܽľǣȻŽӡıһǧ
˸˵ʹڵĻǧʹ
˴ͨҪȨ˻̫ˣҪ췴׾١
ھʮﻤǳصУǳصııԭȰƲ֪֪ʮлƵĻǳھ⻷ƣﳤһͱжʮЩ˷ֲܡ
һ룬±ǡ
ʮҪµĻҲþôٸϵ
ЩģҪϵŲ׼طžǶʮʲô紵ݶܸܿϵ
ҿԷֹ䣬ߡʮ棬жأ
ͣ£ŻǺӵ濴
ʣʲô
ôʳ㣬ʲôüʡ
ҡͷЩʲôҲԭȾС
ƽʱԲ㣿
϶ǳԵġ;ܳԡ
ҡͷҪأ

һ˵
ת߱˵ôһΣΧɸɾڶûУɼ㶼ǳصģƽ໥ɱƾǳȥˡ
Ͳ˲˵е
ţӸſڵ˿ſڵʣ˭
ͻص
Էһᰲƣȥɡ
ŸŽȥ˳ô¡
˵ǰҵġ
ƿȥû˵ʲô
ߣɭϵĳȣεڣηƿټ涼ǿʷ˵̾ߣһ£߲ͣ̾ᶼүƵģ
һЩǡʵش
ѹүûµʱȥ̾߷һΪëҶˣ֮¶ѡ
ͳˡ
ʲôëҪǱү⻰үˡ
Ҫȥס
ǹѺ˵ĵطˣʲô˶Уײǲȥĺã´ͽȥùܼ°Ѱ̧ǡ
š
ưҩ¹۲̾߷ʹ˽ȥܿѰݴ̧˳
ѾһϢϹܼҿӣȥ
Ǵҩ䣬һҩóߵǰ󿪰ݵ챻ιȥ
ɨ谲ƿһᰢݣһЩҩݳȥ
յҩ˰СʱܼЧİӣͰ˷ŵϣһ򣬿ʼڰݵϸ⡣
λӣݱûкã֮˿ã廹һЩŨŨ滹棬ʮֶġ
ϹܼҲ£̲סŻЩվȣǰƣĿƽ鵭
˵ǾΪˣ
ưЩһֻֻŵ棬ĥһ£ҪעҩҪһЩҽеõĵκע

ѣƲ˵Щǡ
˵ˣͣҴҩҸдӣȥȡҩҵ˵ҩûС
ûУ֣ʲôҩûС
ʱȥүùǣԸȥǾˣҲǰģҵÿµٺ»ô٣һ޵Ů֪Т˼ңҪңǵǺ˼һĲ̡
Ƿˣⶼʲôʱˣ˵ֻ
ȥɣʱˡֽܿݰϵŨ˳
óʴԺܸߵҩۣڸȥõĵط۵Ļֱǿ۾ȥơ
ƴſ֣Ŷñӿţһ˫۾ţ˭
ݿл㱵ʣ˭
ûᣬݺܿϣΪۣ˹ȥ
͸ϻϸݼҩǿйºȥϴϴ֣ų
ƳϹܼұ¡
ˣȾȰݡ
£׼һЩӣҰҩһЩ㹻ҩҩãֻҪҸߵãºͻû£ϻµİ̺ۣҾΪˡ
ҸͰߣ˵˵ģһеһΣ´ΰݻҪɱңҲ
ΣҴӦġ
ǻȥˣȻĲ鲻Ը˭Ӧˡ
ܼݺᣬæ˸ͷͿ㡣
ƿ뿪һŴŶβȥȡ
(δ)

һٶʮ ѱ

βڽ䣬ż۾һ۰ƣ·ͬ鰲ơ
ͺϹܼѾˣʱѾҹ
ǰϹܼ֪ᰲƣҪߣһϹܼҺѰƷŵˡ
βƵǰ̧ͷŰơ
βЩŴˣԳʲôլʺ֮ˣɻ㡣
С²˵Ầˡ
ĸεĸȥˡ
ǵʱ򣬳˫۾о˿̧ͷųϿһСģƹ¿һµֶӳ¥
֪߲ˣŰͣһߡ
ҹûˣƽߵǰüͷһ壬ʣǾͰˣ治֪ôôûûΣ
ԭȿ㳤˲٣񿴣ǰ㶼û
ƽԽ˵ԽϵĺںƤãֱӵƵϣŭϡ
ƻЩжģƽȻҵˣԭȴǺõġ
治ƽӣԭӽˮˣϲ
ϵĺںƤãŵһߡ
͵ˣͷٽˡƿɲƽܡ
ҹ񼫣ٺһ˵룬ҪҪ
ƽܸܣһԾ䵽ƵߣߣסӶһƨɣҲŽȥ
βһ굽ƵĻš
ƽܿȥüβǺö㻹Ǻ
ðɡƲö˵Żȥ
ƽһ·ǿƣư·Ūã¶ʲô
ʲôµģҲûƽǰ˵һĨ֣
ûʣú塣
ǹȥ顣
ƽʣҹĳȥʲô
ҹĲ˯ܳ¥ϸʲô
һһ˶˵ˡ
ǰƽܰӷ£ת۰ƣҹٳȥ
˵ƽתߣƽ뿪ķȥ
ƽߵĵǺƽվó֣ȻѾǴʱ˵ʲôûãȴӶĳ֣οأ
ƾƽҲã롣
ƽԶƲת׼ؽһתͿվŹ塣
һ£һɫƤãȻֻޱ飬ивá
үƸ˸ӡ
ûֱߵǱߣְϵĺںƤƿ
ƿǰĺںƤã壺ûʲô˵ġ
սںƤãӵһߡ
βŵ굽˰ƵĻûҲȫӰƻܳȥſڶ
תܵĶββˣɼж
ǱҪõģµ˶Ҫˣɼ¡
Ľͣɫѿ룬ûش
뵽Ľ˵Ǽ£ᣬͣ˵㲻ýͣŽҲûá
ǷҪˣҪᣬҲûá
תߣ庰վס
ͣ£岻Ҳ˵
վһᣬתŹ壬һ£Ѿҷˣʲô¾һˣϸ˵ģ㲻Ӧֻȥˡ
ݿ첻ˣٲȥ͵
СˣζĽȥߵǰҧҧŭĿ򣺡ҪΪ˹᲻㣡
ƳĬһ᣺ҪôүɣݵȷʵҵĴ
ôɫɭס
ûʲô˵ģ˵ǲǣ
ϳ
˵깬ֱӽƿһ۵ϵĺںƤãͷſڶŵĶββۺںƤã˯ˣҪȥյĴţô߰ĺ꣬ܲ֨֨л
ижβ˼ϳ
ûг򣬰Ӹ
ˣβŵߵںƤǰ棬ҧסںƤõһֻӣȥ˽ſڡ
ûβ굽ںƤ˯һ
ưϻص˳ֱˣ忴۰ƣԽԽһ

ڵȥԺ֪ûǸŹȥԺ
ʱԺţƿҲ֣Ψһ͵߹Ƶˣ¿϶Ҫ˳ģ϶Ѳɣ϶Ҳ˰
ƿŰһ꣬ǲΪ˰Ϊ˹壬õԺ𣬷˭ϣǶ̹
̧ͷŰƣһɣ޹飬Ϊ顣
˵ˣͻôûʡ
Ǹʵˣǰȴûһʵ飬ҪԶ㣬ҲͲķ
Ժ泤ҲϹӣῴ
ߵģڸŹ
ԼѱҪΪһ
û

ƳŹ￴һۣΪ˰޿κȥţү
˵
һһŭ
һǣȥƣ˰ơ
˵ǰӦ˰ȥˣǶһֱүţҲүݵ顣
üĿү£үһˣҲûϡ
ֻ緹ʱûܼң˲֪ſڿޣԭ˴ݿ첻ˡ
뵽ʧˣҲȥҰݡ
Ϲܼңȥ˵Ρ
˰֮һ˳ſڵʱ뵽²үϹܼҡ
ȻҪȥеһ˳е¡
ҪЮܼҺȻ
ǣȻص˵
˳ǣ檾Ϳƽǰ浲ң˵Һ÷˵ҴӦҪΪޡ
檻֣̿һ
ʵǰ檳ҩԶˣȻ˹ȥʲôǵˡ
ƽܣʵڲϵ
˵Щ檻ֲ̿ĻҲǲ֪Ӧԡ
ǴӦΪ޵飬檲Ϊγ檻ǰүճǳֻүһˣƽ˵־
檾ͷ˼ˡ
ޣҪһؼң˵һ·Ҵ˵˴ҹ£Ҵ٣ҹ飬˵Һ͹ȥһ׳գֺֻүʲôܲˡ
˵һз˵ҹ°ߣҿû˹ܡ
Ȼһŭ𣬰Ѱŵһ£ɼжŭ
ʱȴƽոЩ˵Ĳ·ǳϷı̨ʡ
(δ)

һٶʮ Դ׵үҪ

ƻͷ۾סİĿɿڴ
⻹
ʧˣ
Ǹƽϲ
÷
ǰϲƽܣ
Ҫޣ
үǶࣿ
ӶˣҵİԼ¶ˣүС
ƽţѷŹϡ
վڴǰĿ絶ӣƽô˵ģ
ƵͷֻǺ棬ǲĴӦ޸ϾԳȷʵ˷Σͳ檻ؼңװġ
ֵˣָָſڣŭʡ
ˣ˵ȢңҲӦ˼޸ܲƽ޹˵
ңȡߵǰ˵ĺܣ·˵ϻ˰꣬ٲ˾͵öһҲҪˡ
ɲݣ˵ģǾĻħ֮ˡ
ƽܣҧҪ
Ƽ˵ҪˣҪңҲȥţһɾ¡
Ūָָſڣֶ£ȥſڣȥƽܡ
Ƽ˵Ҳ˵ˣҪҲ֣ȥ
תŭĿƣң
ƿһᡣ
檴ˣүԭ£ҪְҲҪϹܼҺǵĳס
ϹܼϥӣŰݣѰֵܣܿȥʧȥõζܣ˷ʹŽõܺңҪÿ챣ң԰ԣѾѡ
ҪֵܺܵȥܲˣԸԼȥ
Ҹ嵨ΪϹܼңΪ˰ϧүȥүãŻ
үǽү£ҲһС
վüģɹ
үݵˣҪʲô
ġ
ү£˵䲻ģܶʲôãǽɽɽҲû˸ա
Ĳͬ˵ܿɹ
Ϊ˰Ͱܸ˵ʲô
ΪԷһС
Ȼһ˳еͰȻ֪үҺңŻ
һ֪үĴǣѶϤһࡣ
үһᴦǣǻҪ˵屡֮ˡ
ݶǶԺôǸ׸ǻǲϷ°һϢûпĿܣǻǸԸðա
үյİݻպүүƴҲᱣү
ϹܼһˣÿӣүûйҲп͵ϣ͸ɣ󣡡
˵ıĶˣ֪һ죬汾˰ݣһЩʱƵȴ˼֡
ƺܻ䣺ǻϣȻûϣһԶ߸߷ɡϾһҲǮ
ˣҧһ㣡
Ƶǲүֱǣ檲ʵʵ˵ү֪ү檳˰ݣү᲻һУ
סԥһ¡
ƾ֪ȻĽݣҲ᲻һУվڶӳĽǶȿ⣬Ȼǲȡ
˵ʵ
˵Ůӣôܺͱȣ죬ûˣ͵عѣ
ԲӣţүֻΪ˺үһ檴ʱȻʵʵ˵
ɫţʲôʱõ
Ҫүĳ⣬ͳ檵ˣʱ˺Ͱɡ
ߣøʱ˺ͣڲıһ׵ġĸӣװƵ˼
˵ҪóԵȵȥȡŻ
ȻǸͬѰŮӣҲҲڶˣһŮӾԲ˵ֻ
ƫƫóϷϲˡ
ΪһŮħ嵹Ǳˡ
û⳶еԶƾ˵صԭ㡣
үҵĴǸƽҲϲֻܳҲܷա
쳼檲ӱܣֻϣүҪǡ
˸
ɫףǳ˳飬仯ǹ죡
ô£ĳ⣿侲峯ŰȥҲƾҪ¡
һסƵֱۣ㻹򣿡
̧ͷүϣҹ£
Ҫ£ܻȥˣϴα˵˸ͻң£ǲˡҧҧѰ
§סЦãûǳסˣү׷ˣ
ȻˣλҪģ³çҲƽϣ´αˡֵطȥģȥ
ãȥϴӦ
ƽܣ治ǵãϲ岻ģһ뵽ƽƤĳ֣ܡ
֪Ƶḧ
˭֪أǵˣҲϲֻ˵ҴӦһǺ档
ʲôƿƹȥҪ˵ϲȥҳҡ
ȥ鳼檲ǵˣƽܲ˵ٻġƺԭ̤
Ҳһʱģѿڶ
§סƣվȥҡ
̧ͷүαôûȣңһ˵ġ
΢΢̹һЩȻǱһ˵ģĪҪƽܣȻͬΪ٣ָ鲻ãһ
Ŷſڹ廳֪Ǵ󷢣һƽϡ
లƣ뿪ƣ̧°ͣƵѩףץһѰƵ֣Ķˡ
ɫһô䣿
ƺˣǰ˰ƵĶ񣬰˫ֱסԼ洩ŶǶ˯㣬һɫĳ
ȥˣɫԽѿ
˵ûü
緹ܼҿޣ緹Ŀãҧҧ岽ƽֻö㵽档
Ѭ죬үعԡȥźүƶ󺰡
һ硣
һ㵽ȥˡ
ƽƣҪ
ү
һȥס壬Ҫƿ˫ֲס
ү䣡
Ҫƿս§ס
׼ԡŭһæվĵĺš
ΪҪ׶༪٣оա
ԡͰܿ׼ˣŵʱ򣬰屧ڻϸűš
ƾϵͳβҪæҪð
ϵͳ֪ҪʲôȻûаæоȫ䣬һ¡
ŭĲǡ
Ļ⿪·ŵʢôˡ
ͷƵ굽·ù̵˲䣬·Ѱƹڻ
үԡͰ׼ˡ
ȥɡ
ǡȥ⿪ϵѣƷŵˮ
ΪգƿʼƲסĲ顣
ſԡͰﰲƿʼִ
(δ)

һʮ ֮

廻˼ˮ˸׼յҩ
ƺҩǷգ彫˱ϱţһϣƲա
ɫڵĺܣܾòΪǵ¡
Ȼ緹ʣĽݱҲû˵ˣΪ
ƵһûԽȥ̧ͷűε˵ˣүţ
˵ô֪Ųţ
ƵһμôѲöԸˣ뻹ǳķ׼˷˵
ǲѱ¿ӣˡ
ǳ
үǳȥߡûʲôˣպãҪȥ߹Щġ
ԭɭɭʱࣺǸպãȥʲô
үðҲҪʵȥ߲СƿңƤãϰȥ档
תůûҪ̫࣬ˣҪĶһЩ
ø˳ȥſڰŹ֣һߡ
巴ס֣ӣס˵֡
·Ƥãպů֡
ҲʲôƤ¾;ůϹֺůҲ䡣
뿪˳Žķߣƴȥ
ϵͳ·Ҳ顣
ʣ
ߣү֪һЩǸ˵飬Ҫ˵͵ˣѲ۷ȥ
ɫ䣺һҹںѲɱ˲ɣ
үܱܲߣôôƲϲ˵ˡ
Ҳ壬ǲģҲϵġ
Ҳ㲻ôҲû
ҪȢͲ뿪
ƢȻñһЩᡣ
ֻҲƿߵĺƽ˵Ǹ顣
ү˻ȥһطôʡ
أš
үиطǺǵҺү˵Ǳ飬үǲǵã
ǵá
ţں棬˴ţԴסвͬ˶һģֻûлϣи쵼ˣйҶ.ġ
ǽһ彲飬ӿʼţֽסЩ
Ǿҽͣ£תԹ塣
֪˵үδţȷʵʵУˣ죬үҳ׵졣
ʵҲͲͨô£ҪһͣǹŴ˵Ľʬˡ
ǸĽĶӳ
ţӦǽɣģһ̣Ҹˣ̴̽顣
һܶˣˣģ岻ˣܸоûʧǸĽˣһҪսʤ磬ô
ҡͷ֪ҵĶӳ̸Һܶණģִʱкܶˣ˺ܶˣҴûʹѹʱǵˣҪըǵĶѣҲûĹ
ҵĻҲˣҲʵ棬͸ˡ
εЦЦҡҡͷ
ߵǰ̧°ͣ߱ϲô
ԥһ£ϲӦòڣ˵ҲҪҿЩ뿪Ǹ磬Ҳ

Ƶ°ͣԵĿҪ
֣Ҳô
Ҫǻȥأ屾ţԽ˵Խš
ʹǰһһС
˵ģҪ뿪
ҡͷҵǺȥʬ嶼ûˣĽݰҵ屣ҡ
ƺȻһ壺ѵҵ廹ڣ

һסƵ֣Ҳȥ
ƺЦôɵġ
Ȼô˵ȴҿ϶
Ͼҩʵģûִ񣬵˲ðըɷĩ
Ľݵ˽⣬ֹûҲпܡ
𣬿ǲȢ飬Ҳȥ顣ĵƵĸ⡣
ȥ壬ѰƵֽס˵˵飬֪
˵갲Ʊųķȥ·ϰΪָ˵һЩ顣
棺ǲ·Ǵʲô
ﴩ·Ů˵ȹӶ¶ŴȵģЩӶ¶ؿں󱳣ܿš
֪ߡѰס㴩봩Ը
ƺЦʲôʱҪˣ뿴ɡ
(δ)

һʮһ ƹ

ſڣܼұŶβţƺ͹ܼæǰк
β岻ˣȥƵĻƻͱסˡ
˺ûðˡȻ˿ڡ
ԭ֪ðʲôһֱ˺ܸðߣҲˡ
ֻзͬ
βͷ뿿ƣߴߴл˵ȥ
β̧ͷЩԸ⣬Ҳҡ
ҲϣԼ档
βֻûȥϹܼҵĻȻĿ۰ƣſŲˡ
ˣүСȥЪţͽ׼ˡܼţ˼䰲飬ȥϲˣиȢϱľȥˡ
ڣҲû˼ûԷľͻȥ·ϹһЩƺ飬ԽԽ棬ԽԽ°ˡ
밲ƣ뿪Ͱѽˡ
ޱ꣬˵
صӣʰƣ˼պĽԺ
ǵҲǣһϲůӣʱ컹Щ䣬ǲˣӻ䡣
үǱůͲ䣬Գ檴½װһ£Ӳůǳֻ¯ˡ
װޣƣϸһ°˵飬ûʡ
ƽͣҪ°ӽ죬ˢˢʲôҪʲôҪŪŪͺͳɻҪһ
š
ʵͷʾ
үղϳȻʵһ㣬ƾ֪ÿİš
ӲʣѾ˽֪ˣϳ£װҪӣõĻȥ֧Щ
ллүƵл
Ѿš
뿪ԺɫһѿǰԺƫ棬͵ˡ
ϹܼҺͰţǵͷվš
ƿȥϹһڲ裬ϹܼҺͰ
ε˽ȥ˰ݣɳϣ嵭Ȼ
ͷԸл
ˣѾеˣҪưոݣŲȲ衣
̧ͷζӳ£֪þүѾڣǸ˵ү˵顣
֣ү鲻
үūܼҲ˲᣺ү
ӽʽƹܸϵ飬ܼһĿȥ𱣻İȫͣüȥ˼ʮ죬ʮڼ㲻Ǳ֪ȻŹ
лү͹֡
²룺ǱҪ㣬ñ㣬´˭ȻŹ
µȲˡæӦʡ
š
ϹܼҲ˲ᣬȥ׼˼±˱
ոպһ㣬ЩĿͲ
ƿ˹ůҲˣúѱŲǱߣ濿ţĿŵϣһڱϿѬƣƵǿ˽ȥ
ֿһһ£ÿ꿪󣿡
Ϲܼվ棬صģүٺ»㹻ˣƽүóĶ̫࣬ʹ͵ģʹ͵ģүõģҪģżүõʹͣҲʮꡣ
ȻСүе⣬ǲӪÿҲ㹻ˣǺܸġ
ô˵ҲǸˣ
ǡ
ȻǸĻҲȱӣҹ¾Ȳһӣˣ˷Ӱɡ
ܼԱϵģµոճģľͲˣиһչ˵ģһҿҸʦ
ǡ
ܼȥ죬˿һ߿˱
ţĺһĲ˲ƿʼ˱ü¼һһһЩӵ棬һЩӵ档
żüһۣ˼ŵЩ˱ϡ
˱ܼҺʦˡ
Ҫ嵭ʦҲˡ
š߱ӣʦӡ
ˣᣬ͹ܼûÿʮ㣬ߵĺûÿʮӡ
ˣϵȼһˣеȼӣµȼӣߣмߣСߣ.޶Ůߣÿ˼Ӷӣô
ѯʣܼҺʦæŻشˡ
ƼҿϼţŮ죬õĶ٣𣬵ԺˣŮǮ
Ժÿ¶һ˵ȣɨé޵ļӶʣÿÿӣŮ١
ǸճҲҪˡ
ԺˣöȢһޣҪʵһһƣȥȢ˵ıԤƽϣ𣬲öȢ
Ȣұ뿪ǣһˣԼ±Ҳ㣬ҪŪϱˣžɫѬģҪ
˭ұڸ⽨լӣŪͱֱˡ
ʲôУǲеŮ潵¡
̧һۣû˱
ƼӣŮӼˣ뾭м໥㺣ϱãǸĸȣΪ顣
Ӳ׽ԺҲԺŮ˽Ժǣϵ
ǿǸӣұ˵ǼҵģԲȷʵʵ⣬Ǹˣͬˡ
ӣ޸ƶߣԿһޣ࣬
ӿŮӣҪȢţϱ˿ףȢǮ
֮⣬֮ӣ꿪ʼϰѧ֣кҪѧϰգŮҪѧϰ黭ո˵жϣʸߣԵõصࡣ
ʲߣǰոĹط䵽طȥǼˣҲ֪Ҫѧϰ
кҪֱŮҪûرҪ
ҿĺӣֲ࣬رŮӣ˻ӣֻ
ȷʵҪ˸־Ҳû˲š
ܼҳſһ߿˱Ĺ忴һۣүȥƹôȥӻͿˡ
˵ǡϹܼӦʡ
ƽ쿪ʼ׼ԺһطѧϰãѧϰƷȥ飬˴в׼Ӷ飬ұ
½ȥ졣
ܼҺܵˡ
ʣ˵ɣôˣ
ܼҿûзӦŵ˵Ϊݵ飬ȥ˼ˣҪʮ졣
ƿ壬룺ү˼ͬ˸٣ȥ˽ѧá
һܼһ£⻹ү
(δ)

һʮ ҩ

ˣȥѧõ顣
ǡ
ܼæȥȥ죬ƷԸʦϰӵĿʦҵæż㡣
ǵ˼ˣһ顣
ѯ˼䣬ԭûŴˡ
ʱϲ֮У˿пްƣҲ̵ģƽʱǵǮֻһӣڸ˿Ѿ٣ʮһһ׬Ķࡣ
꣬ԭǮҲͺԺĸҽ࣬ô࣬ЩĹǶǿһ
˱갲ƽʦȥӣһӸǺã˯һ
ﰲμֵ飬ȻʵĽݡ
Ľݴź£һɫĴӣʱվǰ
ơĽݽһһˡ
۾Ƶһ̫ʵˡ
ô£
ôˣڰߣ
ҡͷһߣŹ
һֱ뿪϶ӰˣȻôܼĽݣ
Ϣ찲Ƹð׺ˣ糯ȥƣƵҩҲģѾͨ
ȥ˲٣ûҪˡ
ڸʺ׼õҩոװƿŽš
תҩƿ
ſڹţʲô.
ʺҩ
תȥʣʺ̥ģ
꣬Ҫǰ̥ľͺˣϧǰġ
°ʣүôͳˣ
ţѾнչˣȻûˣ˾Ȼа취첻г߱½춼
ֻҪ˲һЩȥ˵Ҳ£һû
£ס֣Ƶͷ
үҪ
Ҫţ
ƳĬûʲôǲ֪ģ֪
ȥ·ȥ·Ҫȣŷ·ˡ
үǰýˣƱǽ·ѲֻŹ
屧ƣתصϡ
û
Ҫô˵һʱҪ
ƻ·ԡһ
Ҫ¾ʥݣһ˴ӴԺ˶߹ˣİʮꡣ
ǹģ£ҲЦ
˹ſڰһ£ò
ԩ·խȻˡ
ƴָ֪ӸպҪЩˣȻ
ƴȥһ£ƵûúƽʱҲôġ
һת˸ȦƾͱƵǰ棬ȥһߣҲˡ
˫ذ·Ķޡ
ž֣һɫȸѣʱ綯ˣҲոմ˶ڿƺ͹壬ʱʮΣŪú˳ں;԰һ֪Լˣ̫ˡ
ЦЦһ£ү߰ɡ
ͷĿһ۹壬Ƚ˹
ɫ֪ʱȵˣȻʲôҪ飬϶Լܵġ
˹ȥĵϵۣſڵȣû뵽ͶҲȡ
ĸ˸ոշֿҲûжּˡ
Ʊһ·ߵĵ⣬˹棬ĵţһĻжޡ
ôƸպãȻǲĳǰҲˣʱڣ仹ġ
ѯʰơ
ҡͷ䡣
䣬ôŰƵ͵ߣһ˴ꡣ
ִӶ˳ȥм
һżˣתͰ˵֮ͥ£ǳɺͳ˼Ц
Ʋ죬תƽʱƵġ
岢ûŰֻȥˣ˴֣ʵʵš
Ȼǲˣ˵ϸǰ˵ͱ˵ȥǽ˵ġ
͹ˣҷ޶˵飬θɣҪôҵ£ֵõָֻˣѲɶǼʣƱôȥƱûûˡ
һҺ˵˵ķݡ
һģ⻰˵ıЩ岻ˣҲûգô֪Ǻү˵Ǻͱ˵
㡭˵ʲôѾˡ
Ҳû˵ĲС
㲻ûȤ
ſΪѣαغ͵ϱһʶһ˼ңżʿ֮죬ҲȴҪڻαҪ˷˼
ƣѶģ㵱ǱһʶǸ
ߣ
Ƴһۣת˦˹֣պù˵ǽȥȥĵ
칫һãȻˣת˹ȥ
Զ칫ææ˵ߵ㣬ȥߣ˵ȡ
칫ʵҲˣÿν϶Ҫ뷽跨ļ棬֪ʲô¡
˵Ů˽飬ڰϻҲᡣ
϶ԻʺһƬ˼Ҳôꡣ
ƢҲȷʵǻϲ֡
칫ѻҲĵ칫æ˳ȥ
ư칫˵Ľűȥĵϱߣĵаţûˡ
ƿȥϱͨƫĳȣ˳ųȽȥƫȻϵۡ
Ůϡϵ۰Ƽæȥϵ۵ǰ׼¹ϵ۷Ű
ˣ޻Ҫȥĵ˵ɡϵɿ˵Ҳڳɣóҩƿϵۡ
ϣҩŵˮͷȥ֮󲻻ʲôо¾ͻ᲻ҲǼлǶ˺ġ
ŮѾ߾ܣŮᾡʺֻ˵ĻϻҪһʺУұţٲʱȷʺǡ
ƴӻһңŽȥҩһɲ㡣
ϵȥţƣʲô
һζҩøĥɷĩһЩҩĶʱõûʺһ̥֮
иһӤڸǻʺļС
֮Ǳʺõġ
Ҫʺ󣬱ʼҩŮµʱòʧ
ҩ裬Ҫʱ򣬸ʺ£ʺǣңʺз֢״
䣿ϵ۱ֵˣʲôǷ䡣
æŽͣ
ţ֪ˣˡϵ˶ߣƸ˸ӡ
ͻϡ
ϵ뿪ƲŴһ߻ȥĵʱϵ˵Ĳɵĵ
(δ)

һʮ ܷ 

ɫһǰһѾߡ
ƷֹľȻðˣŹַ˲
һ۰ƣȻûĿ촽δ˵ʲôˣԺί
û취ֻͣ񰲸ȥĵ
ϣҵˡ幰ֵϵ۳濴һۣԵòͷ
ôÿζ㣬һôƫƫ㲻ˣ޵ĵ˴СҲҸط
ϵԲãΡ
ǻװǻƣҽȥġ
ϣŮո˵ʱźͻϸ״ģһ·ĵطֱӾȥˣΪܼΪû뵽һ̧ͷĵƫ
Ů֪ôȥģתһȦһʵ˵¡ʵö
ƣʲô˼Լ·˱Ĳˣ߷߲ƽ
Ʋ˵
ϵ۲ͷʲôϵ
⡭Ծ˵˻Ų˵ˡ
ϵֱӺ˰ߴط·飬ʵ˭ˣ˭״
ϣŮǰշ纮壬Դ˼ųսȥĸ밲үŮӸպã³ʱһ£ʧ.ݣѵ˳Ů䡣
Ůﲻƽǰ˺Զ§§Ҳǳе飬˵Լ˵ȥŮ
ⲻ˵ģɽŻҵô
ݱָŰƣһ°ƣɫѾˡ
֪ɫãת˹ȥ
ϣҪȥĸ밲ȸˡ
˸ŰƳߣƼæϵ۸˸ӣŮˡ
ϵۿ˵У
ϵ࣬ȻСҲϵ۳谮ԻȨҲ
ػϣһʱߣ˵˼䣬˭֪ǳ𡣡֪˵Ҳ
ϵûĿ˶һۣǲ֪ô˵á
£޺úѵѵ̫߶ˣȥ밲ɡ
Ůּһ۶˸ӣ˳ȥ
Źϵְϵ̨ɨȥ̧һۣŵ˵ͷ
ϵۣ֪ȷʵԡ
Ȼͻϲһĸϴ缺еҲеģǵܵܣͬҲǡ
һˮƽǽϲȻŭٵġ
ϵ۴Ӹ̨ߵǰС÷֪
֪
ɵӣֻ̫ϲˣԸƽЩ
Ȼһֳͨ޸㡣
ִⲻϣȢ˶ôϵһࡣ
ҡͷȢˣҲȻܵóԸ
㻹ͿϥֻӣΪ̫ӣ̫֮𣬱ǷֿѧϰΪ֮£һд֣顣
ʲôĸ飬ʲôƢ㻹˽⣿
Ȼ˵Ѷѵˡ
ֻΪϲ֪һ㵱Ϊ֮ɽ޺޾ͻӦԧ죿
Ȼϣ
ޱԸ£˵ʱҲ𾪣ԭ˵ϲ޸㣬Ҳϲ赺ϡ
Ķ㣬ôͲһ㡣
Ļ£˼㲻Ȣ޸֪ҪȢ˭
룬һ㵣ƣ
ߣ㻹ɵϵתص̨ϣϲÿ
һ˿ң˼Ҳйĸδػô
㻹޺Ϳ˾ҵԤеĵ֮£̫ụ̂ĵλ̫δز룬㵱Ĳ֪
ϡ
ȹڹ£˵Ҫɱͷ
Ȼģġ
ϵתλѾãֻҪΪ²ڴ˴ٲ£Ҳٲ£ѵҪް޵Ľɽˣ֮ģ˵ʲޣ
ͷ˵
ϵ˵Ϊ㣬Ȣ˰ƣ޲֪Ǻ«ʲôҩҲµ߰˳ɣŰƽţѰƳ֮졣
ϧˣѾͷĺܣο
ҲãҲã㻹ָָ㣬Ǿ۸
ôǸ磬ͲܰЩСǼȥ
ʱ룬Щ޲ˣܸλҲҴ£㵹ã첻˼ȡúõĶ㲻֪ŮɫҪ޵ĽɽܻˣҪ޻
ϵһΣ˵ϣҲϡ
ϵһ
ֵ׳꣬ʺѾϲԸ⸨λӡ
޲λȻλ
ϣĲ롣
ϵ۲Ըˣȥ̫ɣ˵ȥˣҪ˻飬ޣѾһˣҪѻ̫ôͱǰˡ
õүø˻飬㲻Ӷˣ޶޹⡣
Ҵܹλ˻飬޵Ƕˡ
ϵ˵ˣӵһҪ˻飿
žͱ̫һ٣̫һ뵽⼸찲˻飬һ
õҪһ˻顣
պݵλ˻˭ܰŮ޸
رǰ˸״˵Ƕƽûʲôϣ⻹Ҫָֻš
˵ĺ˼˵á
ҲίƱ˵飬һӰ鶼Ƶ˰Ƶϡ
̫ҲɵӣʮͽˣһĿ׵Ļ֮Уڶ֮ӱܷĺͻʺƽ£Բǽá
̫ǺƱˡ
˹ȥ㣬һͷϣ̵ˮ̵ͷ϶ˣһͷ۵ֱ¡
̫ӹߵϣ⼸컪̫ЩһֱԴ𣬽ͳڶ
̹ˣĸϢŭϱ֪ˡ
ˣˣ̫ǸҲʺڹҪ˹⣬Ǹ̡
ƲˣĸоƲ
ǧѡӵĲȻĲ
룺ϱǰǿͷжΡ
㵹ף֪ҵı´󣬿޸˶ǶˣҪԶΪء
պҪǰ;ģܾ޵ģݲĲţ֪˾̫ȥǡ
̫ɫȻǺãҵŮǣ£ֻ
þ̫Ȼþ̫
ȱһȱֻǾҵһϱѡ
Ըɡ
(δ)

һʮ ˱Ĵ

ĸϱ֪ˣĸٸϱһλᣬϱһô¡
̫ӿȥ۷ޱȡ
ˣᴦ£ϳȥңѱոյΪ߾̫һ֣㣬⼸ӲҪ¾̷
ǡ¶ίʣ˸ӣϱȻȥˣүˣĸү´ҼŻȥĸ̷
ȥɡ
̫ȥȻޣҲֻת뿪
˶ŵ
˻ûһ֣ĸأ
̫ˣ˵м£ȥˣôû㣿̫ɫã֮⡣
Ϊ̻æ˵ˣˣļԣԽԽˡ
ߣ²ǼԲǴ̫ڹϣϵ
æȥ̫ĸôˣ
ôˣ㻹ʣûĸǲǣǺε˼ңƼҵŮ֪жȥ󲻵ãƤ˰£㵹Ǻã˼ұ˻顣
㶪ˣܲñһЩôȥǻˣȥ㸸ʰɡ̫˵ſǸТˣæϰ
̫һᣬ˵͸ţһ᱾˰ѰıŮǺúദǲˣ˾Ϊݲ£ҪҲա
ĸĸΡ
ԴӦ㣬ΪҲΪѱҪǻˣԺûˣ
̫ίû취ֻôӦ˽ദ졣
¾ᣬȥ֪˾ȥһױš
ȥ﹬̫ƫϴ´̫밲
ƽű㿴̫ţٸѹ
̫ǰȥţƸºк̫¡
Ǵ˸кֱ˰ߡ
̫󲻴˿һ۹壺طô࣬Ҫ
岻ƽĿ֡
ǷˣôƵģ
˾˵ڳкĺܣ˾˶ѹȥˣд£̫ѯʡ
嵭Ȼ˵ֻǾ޸ӣѡ
㵹Ǹҵ̫û˵
漴˵̫οǣѾܶһˣǴ¡
أȻĻһëͷСӣܵʲô棬ԺҪǶ࿴ǳʲô鷳С
ѾϲӣպҪϵģúõĵ.ôУ
̫Լǡ͵
վ̫󣬳ܸǣ֮ǰ˵ܼˡ
ţذɡ
̫󵭵Ҳ˸Ӹˡ
̫վָָͷ㰡˵ģҪû˾ˣΪ˭ܰ㵱£˾ǰ㣬ģȻҺӲܣ
ƿȥ˲ʢ޵⹬﹬ⶼǼթƻ֮ˣ˱ôʢ
˵ҪһѶԸҲͲˣôѶԸģҾͰо̫ة࣬ϼϹѾ绢̫ͻ̫
ҲֻﶷĹѣǱŽᡣ
˱£ɵǰ㣬ֻĳͼС
˵˾ôΪ
ĸ󣬶ˣˡ
ߣذɣ⼸Ͳ밲ˣűˡ̫ŰƵ׼뿪ʹһĨ졣
⼸սʺϻӣĸöظĸ֡
̫Ȼһף棿
Ҳҽ˵ģҲ˭֪أҲǴ򡣡һһ۵ĺƭ̫
̫̿ƣд£
Ȼ֪Īĸ̫㹻˽⹬塣
Ϊ˲ڹȫϣĸ󣬶ϱҲ˵ǸҽģǰЩӴĸȥүÿ˸ϱ˸һÿҪ£˵ѵӡ
Ƶͷ
üĿ续򴽶Ц
̫۶ɫϵҲȷʵп˭ˡ
ˣҽҪ̫Ҳôƭģ˽⡣
æȥֱģֻͼϵͳˣһӡ
ϣڣϣŴЩҽǿó
üһ۹ſڣҽܿ
ãҽҽһᣬ̫󣬾⼸ˡ
ô
̫ϲ⣬͸һ
һ뵽ڵϵͳ˼ĸ⡣
̫͡ˣ˺ҽ
ҽ׼뿪סҽ
ҽת壺
²Ҫ˵𣬱ϣ֦ӺأǰЩҲô˵ģŵһЩϣᣬҽף
¹ס
ҽ۲ɫ̫Ÿˡ
̫İƵ֣ߵˣ塣
ǲʲôĸ󣿡
ĸ󣬶ֻǾС괬ûãпɲںЩЩ˲ϣʲôããЩ¹Ҫ
ţЩ
˵ͷƣˣذɡ
̫˰֣ʾⰲƺ͹뿪﹬
ӹƿϴҺ̫󣬽ˡ
̫ԣ˿ĺܣȻȰ빬˺һԽ
Ӱƾóֽ壺үŰɡ
ģţš˵ŸưӴˡ
Цˣﲻߣūǡ
л
лһȥ
ʣ칬ʲôô
忴ȥŮԽԽˡ
οû׷˼
µûУǿӻʱͷˣ˵ǻ̫СİȲˣƺ֪¡
Ŷƿ۹壬©ۼ˼䣬˹ſڰƺ͹뿪ˡ
ȥ壺Ϊʲô
⼸հѾˣҪͻ̫˻飬û̫вˡ
ͶҲΪ˴£ǻϴǽѯ£̫ѹŲ˻飬в
Ϊǻ̫ⲻ˻飬³ȥһϣϱŲȥһϣֱŲ
ҪǰɡŻʵȥ⿪Ƶ.֮¡
(δ)

һʮ Ϯ

һѴ֣
Լʲôɺġ˵һ£ﱧš
֣תŹ壺㱧Ҹʲô
ЩĻţһܻ⻺⡣ﲻݣûҪ
һһֱ֪£ע̫顣
û´̫ѾѶ򷢻˾ңڹ˵׼λҪˡ
ȻƵ׽
ϵζģӤ
Ϣԡ
ò׵ͣ°Ʊ
صԺ˵£Ʊ屧䣬Źϣȥůϡ
Ƶƣ᣷£ůΧס
ѵƿӵ档
ƷۣүÿҲʱϢ
ôһҪޣҽ˵⼸գҪץС
˵곶һ°ƣȥ.ࡣ
оЩԣܸо֮ǰ̫һˡ
˵ﲻһ
ʱھſڵţյžֻǺЦıˣұںġ
ǾҵĴţϵ˱
ڵʱңԽŵģʱͬգھѾûݵλҪȥȥ
ȥˣǸû˳ҲͰˣ֪ᶼûС
ﶳһϣһ˺ܶ飬ҲˣԼܲԼ
Ȼ޸˶Ǿֻܸλһ˻ϣͿĸ£ʱ򣬾Σ
뵽ЩѾע⣬Ҫð֣֮ϵӲУٲ˰Ҳ˳ͷ֮ա
ɥ֮ʹȻŹһ˵ȡ
Լĺûˣûü̳λǾֻܰλó
֮ʱҴŴ򿪣ŵĴǰ밲밲
񡣡̧ͷһ̫֣˻˾ҡ
ܼҳ֪̫ҪȥԺùųдģҪܳ
ˣֻ̫̫ˣȥҪľģҪҪˣ
ҲůͶ٣ųдԺȽ²ġ
游ʲôطȥ顣
̫˵
תʱȶˡ
֪գ͸ü޸壬ĸԸͣʲô£ܹõ塣
үǿ˸Ц
ıȥ˺ԺãԭΪῴĸڷ棬ȴʲô˶û
ţ滹Ǻޱȡ
ҵ˭֪ҺԺķòǳիĵطǾŮ췸˴ĵطȵκò˶١
ǰӣ̧ͷȥޱȣȴа
εĹ£һϣž
ķ£˳ȥŴϣʣʼ

һεĳ߶ȻĶһٰۣ㲻Ը˼ȥԹϱӵʲôˣⱲôҷϣûҲˣǸ׵ˡ
Ľ꣬һڴ߬Űϥǡ
ϲˣҲûİ취ΪⲻҪкܶ檡
ǻһֻΪһ˵Ҳ룬ϧǻ
ǻҲҪ̫ǵѹοˡ
ҪݵȢΨһķˡ
ڻʽҲǶ֮ǰǼµĲˡ
񡣡˶Ƥӣվ²ôӦԵģĺá
̫˵ʲôѾ
̫⣺ôˣﲻ
ûвֻҪȥߣ߰ɡ˵Ѿˡ
˱㲻Źȥ̫˵ȥɣҪ۸㣬ĸĸ
һãȻûأôͳĸˣ
Ůȥ˸˸ӸȥҶ
ƫǱߵˣߵǱ߾Ϳվ￴һԻ
ûкܿվƫﲻ졣
Ʋ϶޸ˣҪǻ̫ƲҲ
վһתˣ˿ȥǸӣȻѾģĺԶ
һᣬ˵ϲ㣬֪
˰ĿŶ˵Ҳϲһ֮ģүΣǺһԼĻȨ
үж屡죬ȥһ˵Ȣұǣ㶼˵Ƹңүһ㲻Ϊô
ȥ濴ָ˸õĻ֦úõ
˰СֳųôΪݲǺࡣ
Ūһᣬȥϴ֣ƫ٣ƫϤһûҵϴֵĵطЩʧ
ϴֵĵطʶȥϴ֡
ϴֵĵط׼뿪˵˵顣
ͷŸӲߣǸӡ
Ȼ㲻Ը⣬ΪλҪӦһʡ
Ҳɣ˵ƢŭȻ޸ˣүү˵ƷжòӢĿιɰ˭֪Ǹ廨ͷĻôͿ
̻飬ǺܲͶʲôϵ
ˣѾͷ
ʲô廨ͷֻҪסֻҪǣƴ㣬ȻҪ޽ԺҪúõĲȻϢ
Ը뿪ƫȥ˻
Ȼ⹬ȥں汾㲻˴Χǽ¿ٽЩһ·Żȥ֮׷˹ȥ
ȵЩѾͶˣҲ𾪣ЩҶģһΧס˹
ֶ¶ɱ֮ʲôˣȻô
໥һ˰֣ʮ˲Χסó
ܵ߿ԣ̺һ˶ʹԺҲô֮أʶ־ܣһ
̧ͷһۣСѾͷĿȾɱ֮
Щ⡣
ƼҴӢ汲ΪºͣҲˣƼΪ
˵ȥҪڴ˰¡
һ˵ѸΧסˣ˵ǲ£Щġ
Ҫҵң޹ˡϣ˳¡
˳£Ů˶ˡ
(δ)

һʮ ̫ı֤

˲ģٹĵ磬ӭ濳ȥ
ͽֺͶԷ߸
Ҳ⼸һ
˴Сϰ䣬佫֮ңóľգֿȭҲܶԸ
һѵ˴һˣת˶ԸЩˡ
˱Աһ𣬹ãΪʲôߣ
Ϊ̽ǵģǴº֣Ҫǵ˶ڣô죿˲ˣǺ£ȴˣû˼
˺ͶԷһ𣬾ȻʮĬһõת˹ȥ˫סֱۣˣ屧סѸٺ䵽ϡ
˱Ƶǽ棬΢˵
ȥҪһҪһҲ㲻ܡ˲Ųӱ
ȥĿһĨӣǳô
ʱһһһ㣬תſڹϣһĿǣ
˵ڰͣһ£Ѹٺˡ
ʮˣͬ˵˵ϥأڵϣͷϴүˡ
ֱסˣȫɱڣվù˳Żȥ
Ŵ򿪻ء
һȣˣ
ѾͷˣСȻˣ·һȳһյģʵɵ
ǻһӰûУɣһգ뵽ġ
Ҳ뵽ʲôСЩѿȻ̽ΪʲôҪǹۣһ˭á
棬˭ᵱ棿֮û뵽Ϊ̫ݣˡ
ʼΪ˵˲û£ЩҪ֣ŻȻǻġ
˻ڹϺȲĻ̫
ĸ
ţ˵ûˣ˼̽̽ǺˣǱͷˣûʲô¾ЪŰɣҲˡ̫˵ȥ޹Ϣ
ſ˵ͷȣվסѪˡ
ȥһ¡ȥ£ҽΪΣҪ֪ͨڹ˵顣
ϾǸŮ˶ӰĴر°̺ۡ
һܾˣҪ֪ͨ
⣬¿ˡ
˵˲ҪǱүү֪£᲻ˣһ²һ£ɡ
ˣҪǻ˳²ôùȥˡ
˵СȴǸµѾͷ
úϢһ᱾㡣뿪˽ס
¡
תˣԵòͷõͿʼôˡ
˹沿飬˵㲻ˣ⼸ϢȻңҲ㣬粻
ɫһˣ
˵תߣһ˸ãķ
һˣŮɫһ㵣ûС
֮һ̫Ժķñ˼ĳִ˷ŵš
ɫ԰ףų㶼ûе
ܼҴ˽ŰѾ˳ȥĸ״һۣ׵˵˼仰ת뿪ˡ
ڴһ񺮣ů֪
ĸֻǼ򵥵Ŀ䣬۵ûаֵۣݲͬգͲ޽ʱѾ꺮ů
ӣǶۣѾ御ˡ
磬оһЩӴѣȥ̫밲ˡ
ŮţھҵĴԺ棬ӰûС
ƽվġ̲סίյľͽǵģȴӡ
Ҫ˵ԭġûװˡ
˾̫鷿֪̫³ˣͨһš
ˣ˵̫ҪСŵȣ¡
˵ϣ䣬ӲŸոպãҪ£ԭ.͵ϥǣҪˡ
쵣ǣҪҪȥү
ҪˣҲȵڡѾϣˡ
ˣദĺܺãõˡ
Ȼǻ̫ĽǶҪгĵ
һʱ̫鷿һĻй塣
ȻȥϷͲˣڶ飬Ϸͬ˼պҪҲȥѶ鴦á
Ȼ̫ûǱ糯ʱͺͻ顣Ȼ̧ͷ㵵ûӦ
û˸ڸϡ
ʶʲôֻ̫̫ǿһۣ㲻ᡣ
Ҳûж࿴һۣ;̫˵ʱѾƹȥֱȥ˾ҵĴš
תѾ뿪Ĺ壬ûס˵ϡ
æȥžƿˡ
ùңùҡ
첻ҿĻҲ
ڵ˰죬̫Ŵſ۷ȥ鷿
ɡ
̫Ըˣǿӵ̫ãȽľϥǹۣվǰǿվȡ
鷿ȥ̫£ͷ̧ͷŮ游밲
̫̫ʦϣȻ㳭ľ飬ʲô˵ģ
ίЩ޳סˡ
Ӳ˻ȥΪ֪޺塣
ǸûԵĵط˭ῴᡣ
Ů֪ˣǿͷŮ£һţԶΪء˵
̫Ȼ֪飬һ㲻ˣƼҰ飬ܸϷģϷǺͻ̫ģ㲻˼ȡȻҪбƻ
游죬ŮôŮ֪¡˵
̫ûУͲˣΪ죬ңϷǰʲôģϷ㶪ˡ
Ϸȥ飬Ǹ˰ƱģƷϷϿɡ
ȴ֣֪ô˵ģ˵ڣǰȻ
סܿ췴Ӧ˲˵游Ůȥһ°ã游ٸŮһλᡣ
̫ϢƽŵϹŵľò˵ͲҪȥˣȥ˵ĻҲ¡
ȥȥ뻪ּ̫ܲҪΪȢţҪޣһҪù⡣
游¼游ŮҲҪôŮѾˣҲ顣˳ž̫˵
̫ʾ̫ͬҪؾң֪ԭ򣿡
Ů֪ŮҲ£游龭߾̫а
̫һҵŮ̫ܶ࣬Ǵ㻻˰
游ң
̫˵ϾǾҵĵŮ̫ôȻȥɡ
ǡ˾̫ı֤һ˳ȥһ·뿪
쵣ǵӣҪô˵
̫ҪȢ游ʩѹΪ²óҹ߳²⴫ĪҪšаִˣͷ˫˫šȥ޺˵Ļȴ㤺ˡ
(δ)

һʮ 

뵽֮ǰǸ㣬ԭߺúõģͻȻʧˣһ󾪿֣æſͷū澼סˣģūһֶ˵
ű۾Ϣ
صûлЦһ¡
»˾ɰô
չּ̫ܲ˻ذʱڰ
ϡҲû
ϾԲϵ˻ҪЩӣǽӴһֻ̬ȺͰһԹϹҲǽӴˡ
Ϸ˽˴Ŷڰתתȥˡ
ŮǶԶĸʧ˵ǸڵģǸ׵ģҲ˸棬ˡ
Ҳǿˣ¶
ôʧܣߵ˵ĺɻǰһشˮԵãȻ
СҲ֮ӣȻҲôޱˡ
ʱھ֮Ǻεȴô˽ӡ
˿һʧ䣬ҲôǼƽﲻ˼˵ģҲ⣬͵֮תһȦЩ˺ҲûʲôϵԲ⡣
תǰеֵСѾͷЦñûã
ԡѾʴˣͷ˵ˡ
ҡҡͷȷʵûãȥҲˣѹ򲻹
ôȻ򲻹Ҳ򲻹ȷʵ򲻺ãܴƽ֣ҪǺҼֻаķˡֱԲ䡣
ü˻ϣ˭Ҵ
ǿδأŻϵı˵ֻǲʲô¡
үү˵ϿƸ߸ϣʵȴΣյġ
վ˶üҲףҪŬ书ñϱЧҡ
忴ųСѾͷȻһ顣
Ϊʲôڴкܸߵ
ԻϣԴģ¿ɼ
ӰվŵСѾͷһЦڿҲûôˡ
鱾ܺãһ˵Ļ
㲻ᣡת˻ȥˡ
صǸӣʲô
Ϣ찲׼ؽһˣûнϢܾòڡ
ÿϳ飬æŶѾۣҹصﻹҪˣ㹬ԼԵҲۡ
ƾϵ˵ȥףѾ˻̫ͻϵĶ׼նҪӭȢˡ
ڽϣһһŽЩ֮ʣмһ˵һ
üŰǱ߿ȥŰСĿ
ǼʶиµĲţǼʶù̫ࡣ
Ͼ񾩳ǶڴȢΪ̫֣ϻϺͰıӻ㲻
ôˣŵʣưҲ˵ֻȥЩˡ
ȻȻ˲ôʱǿ˼ӵˣȴҪɷʲôŮ˴ȳӣǲǸɷ򣬾ǸǸ档
ѵɷȢڵ顣
˲˷ֵˣչүҲһЩѭ򽥽
ƺǺˣ˵ʲô壬˵ʲôҰ㣬ѵвףϲ»ˣˣͷȴȢ˱ŮˣڿĿǺĻǺڵġ
ʹáæ˵
˵ֻ˵˵ѡ
Ŷˣ˿ңʵЩΡ
һᣬ̧ͷһˡ

ͣ¿Ŷ뵽˴ʱʮո˵ĻǶˡ
ʱһϮɫ·תůװ󣬿ˬ࣬ӢվڶԲ
ΧŮӶ࿴һۣû˼λүЩŮӶϵö
Ƹ˸ӣϱֳ
ҪŭƽһֳûɵƢҲûˡ
ûŰƣҪ˵㼸䣬õǰȥ״Ҳ᲻ˡ
ƵȻһЦֳ˵ǡ
Χ˶࣬´УȻǲ֪ݣȻֳ
һᰲƣȻְʶİͬϸһᰲơ
ʱǲϲ㣬Ҳȡ
鲻ãתŽķȥʮ꣬ԭкˣϾ˵˼ҵĻˣȵˡ
Ҫؼҵ·
ƴӺһƵߣһ߻ؽֹڱ˵ˣû鷳
ɵѾͷôˣұ鷳͵ǰʯͷԼĽţǧĺӣûȤ
һ֣ǧĺʲô˼
ǺӾﾫﾫġ
һЦżߡ
ԭһʶƵĻԽԽϰ֮ˣֻмʮףҪֱ棬Ȼֱĳ
˵˻ȥ
üҪȥ˰ɡ
ߵǰƸоԣôоġ
ֳ£ѯʡ
˵ǧĺӣҾɽ棬һƽѹָɽ¡
ƴ㵣ѵҲμǣ
תڰƵߣʮֲã֮鲻ãǰƣҲоˡ
Ǽȥǰߣ̫л˵ô˵û
ֻð˰֣ȥɡ
źʮףҲ˹ȥ
˶࣬ʲô飬˲뿪ġ
磬˵ʲô£
ʣҡͷ֪˫۶Űơ
˵ܾҸ˵˵˭ֱֱȥ˵
죬Ѿͷס
ΪʲôҲңˡ
ûС͡
ҲǣŰƺͶһùȥ
ƴʱߣʣҪ˱ģ
ֻһʱ󣬶ص棬ʱҲ˵ҪڳģڲǺúõġ
ߣһŮӣڼҲúĻҪģ
檶ԣŮôˣҼ޸ˣ˾ҵģƾʲôأ˵ҪȢڲȢҲҪȢ
һҪĿ
һ¾ͲȢˡ
ô˵֪ô˵
ϲϲɷɡ
¶ڿ޵ĺܺã̫ã鲻á
Ҫְ¡
(δ)

һʮ һ

֪ѾصߣƲžơ
빬ȥǲȥ
ͣ¡
̧ͷһۣ֪Ѿ˽ˡ
лһû£ԽȥҵҲܿġƹҪ뿪
վһᣬ˽
Ʊ꣬˹ȻӲã׶
һ˳Щ㵣ôͽģ˭
Ҫǹܼҳֳ¡
ܼʶһǰ
ܰͶʲôڣǶǰͶ飬˸Ǳ֡
ݹ٣ԣ룬ȥү
ܼ׼ȥ氲̧ͷŵİƣ⡣
˵·һģȥǰ˵˵ˡ
ǡܼҲô£С˵ľû
ߵǰȥǰ
Ҳǵһ֮ǰ·Ҳֻǿ󣬶㹻ɡ
ԭȰȹϵۣʱ˻ǻ֮ƴϵۣϵѡ
սΪ˱ӵϵۣŴθˣһǰ
ϵ۶԰ĺã֪
ſڵʨӣԭǻʹߵĴʨӣΪ˵źϲڶ͸ˡ
Ҳ˾֪
Ȼȴǹǵġ
뽫мӡ
ƸŹߣꡣ
֮ȻǳУҲЩԹ¿ԵõӣȻǵˡ
ǰ빬£˷裬ƵĺȲ裬ʱŷ֣ȻǾؾأǺ裬ŵʱҲйоء
˴裬һڣͷƿʼˡ
ںڵŹ⣬Ĳ񣬾͸˯һ
ʱǰЩ죬رǰƵûɵһá
׼û¡
Ϲܼңʾȥҹ塣
ܼҵͷתæˡ
ܼҴȥתˣȥǰ
һһĲȥûȥȴ˰ơ
æŰѲŵϣַŵ¡
ƣѾ˹ȥ
ƣ
żӣĻŵĲС
ԭ̵ĲУʱȻɫƽ˵ûˣһҩ࣬شС֣۵ġ
뵽ǴξҲһ£˼죬һֱޣ˲µˣ²ȥ
ͬͰȷʵкܴĲһȥôûз֣
ǲģƽʱ߳ƣ첻µزµİʱݺᣬȻ
ǵá
ί˲ᡣ
Ը˲᣺Ҳûһ£ôǴ󽫾Ůһޣ˸ûõѾͷˣô޾ͲЦ
˭Ц˭Ц˲ʲôתиҽûСˣ
æȥ˸ҽҽʱƵѾ.͵ĺܸߣҽһŵü˿ʼо
ƲͷĿżҽ̶֥飬һ˵еˣ͸ȥսزһ
ƿ˸ҽһᣬҽҩ䣬淭һ£˶ڿô˵ʱ򣬰ҵһ˸࣬ţȷĳɷָ֣ĨĨʼ˲ҩࡣ
һпǰƣ
ҩһĲãſżһȺӹҽ

Ű׼Ѳ˺ȥæ˽ȥưˡ
ǵȻ޲Ŀżҽ˵ĶԲߡ
ңЩҽҲΪŻƵûر⡣
ѾûˣøҽȥɣȥҪˡƽ˰Ůû£ҲЩҽûõĺܣ˶ãͻﳳ֡
ﶪˡ˸ҽ£˷裬һڲ裬ϡ
ôæ˷ϲ²ڼȢô⽫ˣźƣﲻɳǰڹԿǹģʱҪƽϣȻܡ
ǲ⣬˵ڽתתһˣصл
Բ۾̵ģʲôʱҪлˣ
˵ƻΪˣ˵ʲô˵ʧˣҪʲôл
뽫һ֣·Ҳò˸ʱ
ƻͬҳ㷹һ߸Ѿͷһ˵ھǵȥƸȦҲκ顣
ǵͣҼƣš
οǰڻ¶ҪƵǺģɲš
ü۹û˵ʲô
˵˵Ǵʲô磬öתˣ
Ʋ죬Ҳôĺ۸ⲻ˵ĺܺá
ɫ΢΢һӭ߱ǡ
뿪ߣſ˽
硣
˸кžȥˡ
ôˣ弸ߵƵǰͷȥ֡
ûʲô£үôС֡վ˸ӣסƵֱۣ᲻
ҲûˣôнҲˡ
ϸư֣ôŪģ
СˣҵѾżˣү˵Ҫܡƿһɫõİ
ʲôŰȥ
š
˵ɣô˳ۡ
˵갲ˡ
忴һ뿪İתôʱ
㲻Ҳã鷳ģ˲ִ뿪
˵ˣȻѾˣնҪȢĻԺƱغæǽߵĻҲôɣղײգҲжʱûаѾԻˣһԸ
ԥһ££˵ˣϲңһߵĺá
°ɣܺ˵ҵƵȥˡ
׼͵Ǳߡ漴Ը۰빬ſȥŸȥ
ƳŸţԸ׼Ʋˣ͹ǰߣںš
ռغܴ󣬲⽫ľɫȻǵȷʵֺɵģҵҪơ䣬һ·٩٩̸
Цǵ㲢ϲģ
ǻģ粻Ҳϲ񻹲ǲˣĸкЦ
ɫ䵭ỹᣬԶ䲻ϲȵġߣ˻ȥ
˵ҲգûȤ
˰ƵԺӹһȦƲ׼ȥ£˵ȥϢ͹ǺȾơ
ƾģûмӾ˯ˡ
忴˯ţſ粻ԸȢ
һûء
(δ)

һʮ Ÿ

֮ʼȾƣźźˣŹȥϢڽ
˹ŻȥϢ·.ѰƵȥ۾үľҪ˯
Щˣ˯ʲô˱Ҫûסſȷʵûˣ
ӴѾˣЩĿһſڣϹܼҹˡ
Ӵƻ·
һҲҪ£ôǸүҲЦ˰ûŴ˵
֪ȷʵôƵĿŰơ
ƱҪ˵乬ģҲ˵ˡ
Ź忴һᣬƲŴ
ԶԶľͿһ濴ȥʣһ
㿴ʲôأ
æŸ˸ӣߵƵС˵û淢ء
Ŷ˸飬ͷĹ塣
ȥ˵ˣİɡ
°Ҳ˵ʵҶף֮޷Ϊ
ǾһֻǾ˶ûôĺãˡ
˵ˣʧ䣬ˡ
һˣ޲ܰѱеϲһˣƫƫ飬ǵ飬Į̣˭˭ܲˡ
οǶִСĳҪʲôʲôˣ˲ܸˡ
ƺͰʵסڸڣֻǰԺӣҪȥǱߡ
ƿܼվŹܼЦЦܼЦеĳЦЦ
ߵǰţô
ɡЩ꣬ƾò̫Ծ
ͷһɫ任Ĺܼңˡ
֣ôˣ
ܼҿֹﴫƣɡ
˽ȥô£ܼҲ˵Ȼ˵ˡ
˲ߵһȥ¡
ƹغ˹ȥȻոһ.Щ飬ҪһѽһȦ
ƽʱȻָһǸվʱȴֻǿŮοЦЦǸ
Ʒ½˲ߵǰ¡
£
Щ꣺ҲʲôԴĴ£ûб£ﲻæΡ
ʲôµôΪѣңҰƶ֮֮
˵˵ºͲܸйϵԭȲܸʱиãҪСܶࡣ
ŵʱǼõģǱڻ̵ġ
ܸûֵܽˣȥ磬ȥʱܸ꣬ҲǺܲףʮŵѾʮˣʲôãΪ˴һЩ˵һЩϸŵϴȥ̣ϱҲô
ûϱôһӣø鵹Ǻܺã֪֪ůġ
ԭȲܸǸСʱһ.ܺãǹ.ҲǸˣǸӿһҲʱ۸һȥչǸӣԲܸ缺ĺá
òܸĸ۸ûкǸ.һǸ.Ҳûˡ
ǲܸʮʱǹ.˲ܸĺвУܸȻԸ⣬Ҳͳһˡ
ʱҪŲܸߣǿӢսǸӣξװ׵˷ˡ
ߵʱ˸ӣǸӲܸŵߵʱűţȷʵС
Ǵ˶ʮȣôⴺﶬһҲǶʮˡ
ҲǸ࣬ʮ˸ˣǸɣǸ岻Уˡ
ܸûӣżĺܣСʱȭߣҲûûһؼҸ߲ܸ
⻹㣬ǰʱܸӾȻ˺ӣǴǸ
ŮعѲټޣҪǻ˺ӣҪġ
ӵҲˣôˡ
ܸӵżΪ£ܸһٶ򣬰Ѳܸȥܸһӱһ֮ǼҵһСӣ񣬲ܸѺǸܸҲżԺſڣĹţȥܸ
ǵһ˵塣
οŮ͵飬ôȥ
˵갲ҲˣΪܸŷˡ
ܸҲΪȴǴǺõġ
ֻǳżһЩΪѾʮˣû뵽ʮꡣ
Ȼ˵Ů͵ӣ͵˻û͵ҪͷУϧѾ참ˣҪǻĻǿ빬ȥæ
һ참Ӳɣ
˵־ܽ˵飬Ӿ˵û͵ӣû͵ӣôģ
ôĶӣҲǿ˵ġ
һΡ
ô˵żҵ˵ѣǲܽ˵ѣ˭˵ѣܽǴȥˣһˣܹ˵ȥġ
ܽȹȴܰ˵ӱЩ˰ǹ˴ˡ
ʹļףﲻ˲ܸѰ
Ƶ뿴ȥȥܸӡ
ûʲôҲֻǿ
һĸΣ֣ʲô˼ӣһ
˵㲻ˣҲûлˣһ飬ǵȥ죬ҲڣԭǸ˵ɣĴӣܽСӡ
ȥһʱߣ˵ࡣ
ԭҲ˵仰ǻϵİҲͬȻ鲻࣬Ҳϵˡ
ӣǾ̫ıãǾ̫ĸİæȴΪҪǴʲôģУǸЩǶǡ
ҲӲﲻ
ʣǶ
мһ̫ȻΪڳϰһЩǾ̫ԵҲޱҲǵʦ
̸ֻģԭҲǻϵİģֻǵѧ֣վ
ԭȵʱ򣬾̫㲻ıü޸ģϲãˡ
˵һ꣬˵ͿҪֺ㣬ΪˣҪô÷ˣϼףûдӦӦˣԲ
ףһЦԲģ˭Ҳϲ
Ƶ֣һʲôء
ʱ򣬿ᡣ
ĽǸרˡ
ҪǹҲҲˡ
˵Щˣھȥܸӣˣܽӽʲôѯʡ
˵вˡ
һ㵣֣
Ȼֵģǲܸߵģһһ˵Ľţġ͡
֣һΪǸء
ҡͷȻǣ˵ŮӣڴˣЩǰռҵģɵĻҺϣǽɷˣҪɷȢ̣ʲôˡ
Ҳ㲻Ϊʲôô鷳
һ˵ƷЦˣҲûʲô˵ģǸ󱦱
(δ)

һʮ ǻ

ȥæ£Ҫӡ
̫ɲǺõģӣҪǲæ
ŸŮ׼뿪ԸŮһţѹ壺ˡ
忴ſڣ֣ʱˣʲô
뿴Īȥһ˵廹ˡ
Ȼ˵ȥ磬ҪȥҲȥɣ˾ƣ߶߶Ҳкô˳㣬ȥ
ҪߣҲȥˣٲȥĻҲ˵ȥ
ߣɢɢ
˳ŰͰȥˡ
ƺͰһȥĸϣ·ϰƲ֪ƹģҲרŹŹ⣬죬
̫̫꣬ǵ˵飬ѹôסð
йְҪ̫ЩҪְģȥǱˡ
鸮һĳ̣ŮߵĻߵڲŵط
ͷ˹͹󣬵ֻǲɫĸš
鸮ǰ̧ͷ꣬鸮˶ˣոպ͹˽鸮ˡ
˽ǰĴû֣˵ſڹô
֪ˣŮһ˴ҪܵпĳͷȲ͵Ѱû֪Ҳˣ֪㲻ûҪ˳˹Ĵص
̾ϢһǱߡ
ָָһߵʯʨӣƹȥɵһ
ʯͷʨӵһߣһȫŮӹĹš
ŮϰƤ°ã뻹ڡ
һͷڷҵǼѣסˣ˵
Ȼôܾã̫ѿ
ƵĿڲ˵ĶϣϹţ·ˣҲһѪ죬Ŷˡ
𾪵ˣֱǲǷ£Ҳôкӡ
Ʋ˲ϵ࣬ϻз㣬ֱָ˲ϵ˹סֹ䡣
͹ԶԶţݡ
ʱ治֪ʲôǾ˺ܶࡣ
˵ɵ
¹ϵش󣬲ܰ飬ôһҲ֪ȴҪǿͷɵʲô
Σ߲˵ġ
Ұӽ⿪ȥѲ˵˫ֽ⿪ſӣӵĺһǽǽ滹һġ
ˣҪġ
ôԷ߲ѣʰ
һ۵ϵӣķ˶ʣʣˣѾ
Ƣһһ߷˵ϵӣ̫ˡ
ƣȥɡҲܲ£ˣҲôˣ˭Ҳܲˡ
ǰҲܹܡ
߲ѣ˿Χкܶǰۼ˺ܶˣƵġ
Ժ︡Ļ棬Ǹ˳˵ĵط
ˣܱôŰҪɱҪлϣзأôܶ˽̣кӣŷ飬Ҳôɫס
ŮطôıңЩ˻Ƶصȴû˹ܡ
ĸΣҲû취ܲȥһ֣²
Ķˣϱ£Ҳѹô
ҪˡתȥˣŲ˵˫ȥ˵Ѿˣʱֻİ̺ۣƱһ
Űƿţ˻ƵǸˣҪңллǣȾҴ硣
סϸŲˡ
ĺ˭ģңȥƴΪ˭Ͼ˸־ö鶼˵ʹ޲˶ﺢӵĸס
Ǹƾʲôʱѵûô˲ˣ
˵صĿϵ˺һ޸Ŀˣ˫۾ȴڸ߰ƣǱԩġ
ңȥƲġ
˿ſ˵Ҹû͵ӣҲ֪ôỳС
סŲˣû͵ˣ㻳ˣ
˵ͷҲ֪ôỳУû͵ˡ
û˵ѣƸоõ
ߵ˵ǿס˵ָɨ裬ɨס
ƵҲĺ£ܺ˭ģ޹ġ
ƣô
뿪
ҪŲңʰͷ
šǲţ˵Ҳţ֪˵ʲô
˵ҪҰſȻϽʥҸдţҴϣֽ
һ۲ˣ˵ƣ֪ԴӼ޸㳤ںˣ²ôð飬δܹ£ͬǵĹϵȻûеͻϵǰãϿɲǿӵĻϣҪúˡ
֪ôֻҪҵſ㽻ϣҵͳɡ
ȻȻҲǳŮȻ֪Щ֣ǵͷӦˡ
ãȥдŰɡָָ
ƿֽʡ
תֽʽƣ룬һӳס׼д֡
ûӰȥưֽ档
дһŰۺ÷ŵŷ潻һҪֽϣԽԽá
պãɱһ¾ͲǸոյǸȸɱɱ񣺡ƽˣ˵˺ƣܴãȻе
ģһ߾ȫܵ˺
˱֤ת뿪ڽһֱʹ
ƵˣתˣҲܱǲ㣬㣬û͵ˡ
ס̧ͷŰᶼ޸ˡ
ȾҸ硣ܸ
룺ģһǡ
ֻˡ
Զүڣû
Ĭˣ
ܿ˳ƱʣļҵϱҰ
ûĿҵСˣơ
Сһ£˵ơ
ڴ˲֪кιɣС˵ǲ°ƣЩƲơ
˲֪ʲôɫ鸮ں
ҲС˼ƽϣվһ˵ǿţز鸮ʲô
С˿һ۵ϵĲˣһǸϲˡ
л
ƳŵСΪԲģûᣬת鸮档
ƿһ۲ˣ˵ģһߡ
ȾҸ硣һĿޣһ硣
İɡҲ֪˵ʲôʱҽ̫ˣҲΪǻˡ
˲ǡ
(δ)

һʮһ ʱϵ

ԶĹһ۹壺ҪٲȥҪˣǾ̫ĸε鴦Ҳﲻ𡣡
̫ڳѾ̸ڣҪᵽ̫ߵ죬̫һá
岻ʣ˺ܶ࣬ѵû֣ȻûǱǵãֱؤдĶѿ£ձʶᣬոʳȣĿǱʷ漴㲻֪һܺá
ûлɣǰƣ
忴ȥЦôôȤ
ǸȤܹ졣˵ƣš
ǾǱ.̵ĺãѵûз֣ԽԽˡ
ЦԼ˵ôɣñܡ
˵Ķһȥͷ
ŵǵüעŰűС
ĺŻҪȥһϡ
ǸŮǱȽϸ߹ģ˵ǹӦǶҪĳĲܵõŮˣýǮһЩɫ˵ºġ
һʱûˡ
ҪȰ𣬰ԭֻһ߿Թһ
ǰǻ˺һλٺ»ȻȴͬȵĴ
ͣſڣ³æŰŵ棬ﻺƽ
ϸԼʮ꼶࣬ĹҪ
һĹٷؿһֻɺڷ裬ΧƻƣԵ
׼ţһ֣ʶƺͰ
ͣ˼¹ܲμ
ƵǹĿ࿴飬ϱЩϲ̨Сǿࡣ
ˣ·˴鲻Ҫ⡣ƺѵ
ֱŰƣ롣
ˣͷˣֻǿѣҴ飬ҼүһܻѰң֪߶ţض˵ģ鵱ʲôû
Ź¹Ȳˡ
ϹϾתȥˣƿȥЩżˡ
С˲飬Ʋģŵʱ͵ˡ
ȻᷴӦ
ȥȥĸкЦŮǴĺܡ
С˵У֪Ҫãżˡ
ôˣѯʡ
ƿȥȥүţ˵ұ۸ˡ
Ƶ鸮˻ն࣬ʱ˵ʲôûˡ
ɣүô
ҲߣҪ£ˡϡ
ȥͻȥû۸ҵʱȥˣԼԱԼƺɸ֣ؼʱͲˡ
үٲͳŲסˡ
ȥûͣ£ʲôתſڣһ֣ȫģֵôŪģˣ
ԽԽòԾתĹܼСˡ

С˺͹ܼæǰү
ʲôʱģʵ
ܼҵġ
ڣ
ԽԽԣֵĿʱ
ⶼʲôʱˣûߣüչ
С˵ˣ϶ֵġ
˵ܿСʱôܼȥߣߣȰС˴ˡȻǸĹ٣ĺȴԶˡ
ܼҵȥſڡ
ſڹܼȥҰƣͰֲ£һܼҾ֪Ҫˡ
Ƹֶǿ侲
ܼҵ˰ǰ˵¶أǽЪЪźȿˮ
ˣлܼңӱˣǲȥˡƴǡ
Ϲܼоү˵ˡ
СҪﴦȾ۾ŵƲ棬С˴
С˻˵ԭί
ܼ˵밲ƽȥ̧Źܼң֪˵ЩʲôֻóĬ
ܼ˵롣
ɲܼҲڳɡ
ȻƲͷȥȾ۾ŵ
ܼҰ˰֣ʾЩˮͰһײ
֪ʲôνǧ棬ˡ
ˮ͸˰ײһ˵ϣϢʱ䲻Ǻܿ죬ǻʹࡣ
һסͰ˵ȥ·£ܼҸɡ
ܼԵΪѵӣ˵ĪҪΪСˣС˷ǰʰɣǷ˻ʱµľСˣ
ɫ䣺û˵Ǵֻ˵첻ܿѵͲܵűٶ֡
˵Цˣ˵ѾС˲ҵġ

ƾǲߣܼʹ˸ɫСת鸮ƿȥ˼
ûøŮˣ˴ŻòŮӣ·źܶׯٶȺܿ죬ûþ͵˰Ƶǰ

񸾴
򸣡
˸˸ӣݼơ
ܼ˵Ƕү檡
ҵ˵ڴˣ븮ҵȰݼ
ȻȴƣƷӦһһš
ܼɫʾ⣬鸮ƹȥҪȥòˣۼֿ죺š
ȥƱϵŮס롣
ŭѾ֣һһ£˵ڵϡ
תܼңҿ˭Ҷ
ܼЩ£û뵽ô
ܰ¡
˲ֱȥҲˣֵʲôأŻˣٲ֣ųôô

ȥ鸮ֳŮˣŮܳһ߰ݼһ߷ֱסſڵϣˣѪɫȫޣūţ·ϣס㣬ն㣡
ܼҸᣬ鸮ʮ˰ѰΧסܴˣЩ˾͸һĲˡ
ʲôأ
һ£һȥһ
ܼһŵһ£죡
˰ס˲ˣײŵˮ͸𣬲˱ͷһײ档
ƿ˵ĺ΢һ߹ȥµŮ˲ҽһһߣһţϵŮ˲ű߿
Ƴ嵽Ⱥ˴
ܼҿ˲ע⣬ǰ̧־Ҫ򣬵һۣһƺߡ
ƻͷ˹
ūţ·ϣҪı汻ǸˣϲˣǾˣжԴ
ܼŵȫ£æŹ򵽵ϡ
Ҳټ񣬸Źˡ
(δ)

һʮ ŭΪ

ߵƵǰϬĿɨһ۰ƣõҪȱôȣ
һȻ޵ĳ嶯
үƲ޳ٲҪ۸ˡ
ӣ۾ת
Ѱֱ˻£ֱۣūţˣ
ŰҪޣðɣƿƣһ߷˵ϵϹܼңϹܼˤŵÿӶʪˡ
ƢǾ֪֮飬һ鸮ĹܼңҪˡ
ܼţͷڵϡ
ĿɨһΧȻ㵨ҽѹ۸۸
ϹܼҶ߶µģ鸮˼æ˳
ʱһƥѾǰС̫ϼæһ˦ʥּ򿪡
ּ
תȥ˵أƹУͷּŮּ
ȥ飿С̫࿴æ񣬹ֻǵȻ޲վš
ܿææ¡
ּ
С̫಻ȥᣬʥּˣʵگԻܹѾãŸͻȻУΣ͵֮δҵ˰ɵأյ˰
׷ͺڷˣʹģţٰ£ɥڹΪ޷ֵ¡
ˣɥ֮ʹҲҪ壬һ鵱ϣҳ֮ˣ鸮ʱ
С̫ʥּʥּϣ͵ǰּ
ƽּ
ƽʥּС̫æŲһѡ
С̫ࣺˡ
ˣС˻Ҫȥǡ
С̫񣬿۹壬תȥϡ
Ȼ٣ȴͰչ࣬С̫Ȼȥᣬ뿪ˡ
ƿһ飬ȻȻϵͷ
ˣ±Ȼūţð˱ƽϣдðɡ
ȻУ£ҪϼӿܣʱߡϷʩһԲҲת
Ͻ㿴ܣʡ
ǡ
ߵ˵ǰոҲ֪ô쵽ģ֮ϵǿײȻȥŵԺʱȻȴš
ҲͿûʲô£ûſ
䣬˵ӱϣˣðƵ·ŲˣһȥҲ˽ǰ͵棬һ뿪
ƿ飺飬Ǹˡ
˵갲ߣ嵹ǳ˸ûõˡ
Ƶϵˣ˹ȥ
ˣɫһףĹܼңܼҶ߶£ү
ϲȥ̫ȥתŸȥһһġ
ܼҼææȥ̫
ƴʱߵͣ£ĸ￴ȥһжǰ˿ûв֮ͬ
վţ⿪ϵϣ
ү˰ɣƻعת壬ȻЩ֮⣬ôǺ⣬ʱĳ֣ʵҲκ塣
Ȼû׷鸮Ҳɽ𻢣Ҫ֣˭ûк³
͵ڣͷ鸮ȴͷ״Ҳȷʵûʲô顣
ֱȥץסƵִ˴꣬˻Ǿ䣬ԳѰƵָȥůš
ҡͷүǡôһһᣬ¶ý
ϲף÷Ѿ˼ȥͣҲʧôͲǱҲȤĸίƵģƵЩ̹
úõģô˸иʲô֣Ҳûôôǣ
תŰߣ룬ǲǳȥˣſˣҪǱȥҲͲģЩ۸
ˣˣˡ
û˵ЩȻģ۸οǱˡ
Խ룬Խǲʹ졣
ŻͣˣתŭӰƣ£ıϲ
еȣһƶȴƽ޹۾˵
תŰƻȥһ·Ʋ˵Ҳ˵
ˣ紵ţȴһ㶼䣬ůˣҲůˡ
ߣϹܼѾſڵȺ򣬰ȵһŮˣ֪ǳˣ鲻С
Ϲܼϸ˼֣֪ǲִˡ
Ҳææĸ·ûŪá
͵ĸۡŲԶԭԶҪˣû𷣣ֱһլӣıԺ
˽ţϹܼү
ߣԡ£Ҫʥˣ۸
ŭ۾˵ļأϹ̧ܼͷæŵͷӦʣүǰ档
ͱ㵽ˣһΣǰȥˡ
ү
ҪʥˣҪǱڣ⸮һֻӬˣ˸ͷ˿Ĳˡ
ߵļߵߵ̫°ƸϣߵżѰƴᱧ𣬲ľ磬źԺԺȥ
·ϰƿ˵ĸж
ûô
û뵽طȻģиãиɷá
ͷһ۰ƣ۲ѣǱãȴȥСǣ֪ǻô󵨣Ȼ·ϣССһ鸮ȻҴ
үû¡Щ޴룬˱󣬶°ˡ
ӣҪٲȰȰ϶Ҫķˡ
Ʋ˵ã˵˹ŭʲ
ƳĬ˵Щʲô
һ߿ţŰƷŵϣԺûųȥĺŵæŸ˽ȥûؾҪȥġ
СѾͷ˫˫£ŵֱ¡
ôСͷμүôŻˡ
ԡ¡ķϻûУСѾͷϹܼѾ׼ԡͰŮźţˮùųȥ
彫Ƶȥ˷ŵԡͰ
̧ŭڵˣòʱȤ
ϵȥŽˮһѽ˱סڡ
Ƽܣ׼żѾſƸϴˡ
ƿԡͰˮƵĴԳԴʱ˾ȥѹԸĨ
С°
ܿһȥЪţ첻ţһůǱ߾ͻ׼ã·ȥЪš
ӽҩǱ׼ȼվȥסš
޽ȥ󣺡Ǽ
ǰհƵϲǴʱ鸡겻֪ơ
(δ)

һʮ ֹ

ʵϲ׺ģҲ˼ƽʱô޵ģǲϲ
쵹˵ϲġ
һۿ׺ģˡ
ʣÿ
ǰһֹǺÿ
˲á
ֱĽʺޡ
˳˧Ѿ·ӣƴյһ𣬾ͳܼˡ
ÿ檵үүȥء
š
ѵùûôķϻתֱӳš
ת˿ůůġ
ϴϴˮ水չԸȥůǱߡ
ƽûţϴ϶ҹȥ˲ˣͺ͹ܼҡ
Ѿǰȥˣ˴ʱȫɫ԰ףǱѪˡ
ɫˣ˵ˣȴΪϵİ̺ۡ
ͣƳȥȥеĲţ˲ç󡣡š
ȥ졣
ܼңȥةҹţ취ƽܣ˵Ƿּ鰸
ܼסܿתˡ
үԻ󣬻ɡ
ҴŴ򿪣ܼұסһ֮º
Ҵʱܲ͸磬Ϲܼļ٣ȥֻܿŴŽա
ةⲽة˵ʣة࣬ѵ²øôǵȻίγ˳鰸ӵˣǲý
£ҹҸϣƽܣǺܴĽɣةϣֻ˵ŮܲףΪǡة˵ǵǡ
񾩳֮г飬Ѿй˴ҪƽȥҪƽܡ
з磬ǰЩƽڻǰó裬Щ˿ʼͽةฮûд˷龰ˣŮ˻ñһ˵顣
˼ǣȴһ֣̿»ϵǺã±ŵ

ةฮĴŽգϹܼҽ˻ȥ档
ƴ˿ƽܵĵû취ˡ
һתָָβȥĪаҲǵãǰѽͷҪϣȥң˯·һ֪ζ
βһգ۲ˡ
ȵĵҪȵܵÿ죬˿һգ۾ʹĴſڴ˳ȥ
ϹܼſţǰһβѾϹܼҽ£ϹܼæȥСˣ
βʱݵλߣܼҶߣҲҪкβܼҵ飬ĿȿȥӹܼҵԺֱӴȥϹܼҲҶβץةฮĴţֱܡ
ϹܼҾ㵣ĺ꣬ץŴžȥˡ
ǽͷβӴϿ˿ȥ
ܼⲽŶβ
һ˼ĺ궼򵥡
ܼһ룬Ҳʲôڴ
һԺ䶼ƵƣûϢƽҲţ·һԺߴߴл
ƽܴȥϸԺﾹȻɱ
ŲƽȥңŲԶһȺ׷Ŷβ
ס֡
˶ͣ£ƽܿ۶β
βٴȺܵƽܵϣ˳ļתһȦͣŤͷƽܳԺӿȥžܡ
ҵļҪ׷ƽܺǳס󵨣Ǳģ˭ҹĲˡ
˵ԺӣβԺѲһȦѸȥƽסſڣŹţߴߴצġ
ƽߵſڣƿöβȥ
Ŷβ￴ܿ쿴һѽ
ܹȥ棬ƽܽü΢ҪҴĪа
ߴߴ
βͷ
ƽߵĪаǰ棬Īаβתߡ
ճžͿةة˼ææˡ
ƽܲǰ棬ŶβӺԺֱ뿪ˡ
ܼ궯˿ȥҲڳɣæŻȥ
˻ʹ棬Ҫ
ſڽȥ棬ܿȥ
ʱվĵµţȻѾʥּǾѲ⣬Ƥʱϵ۲˯ڸ̨ϵͷţѾ˰˵»麮ġ
˼ӣϱ͵˻ܴ˵ȥ˭Ҳ˵
Ҳվһ
ϵۿʼܲԸ⣬ּƲ죬Ǻ棬ʲô
Դּ⣬˾ͽš
ṬˣŲȥŮʲôѲʱҪޣ
ȷʵӴ࣬Ҳǲ޳ɵġ
ӲͷƤҲҪŮޡܣ
һϮµǰѰϵ۾޵ˣҹĴ˲ɣ
ܲμϡ
ѵù嵥ϥ¹򣬽ֱӾ͹ˡ
ϵ΢΢Ȼ׼λλʿϳҲ˵λйݴ񣬽յˡ
ûˣɡϵ۵
лϡŰȥ
ˡ幰ֵ
Ϸϵۣ˷ֹôô£ƽʱϳ򣬽չˣƽյͷˣҪˡ
šӦţֹǰô˲ɫѿ
תϣ֣ϣܽҹһ
һ¹ģ֪Ϊ޺ͰˣʲôԲ飬˵ȻΪϵ۴δôһʱ仹ЩӦ
ϣ̹ܲܵ۸ˣǸūšޱ顣
ϵۻûӦȲˡ
˭۸ģҪȥ棬ϵһΣˡ
תȥͷ
ߣ˵㵹Ҫ˵꣬ȥ޵ĻʹΪſڣϵ۱ˡ
칫æ˵꣬лء
ſ塣
˵գ.֮ϣ˵˼ҵ飬볣ͬʱЩƤҪȥſڵĲϣܱ˵ҪȥҲԣܰȥӦ˳ܣܱδġ
ȢܺòһȾƣȾơ
ƶ£˶ȥĹܼҾ֣ǳܸϵζ֪
ʱһЩǸ״ġ
֣˵ˡ
ϵʣˣ
ûУŵУЩżҪѲϴˣɱ˵ˣҪǲҪɱǱԺļɷˣַţһȥ鸮ĹܼҾ־ʹʱ۸ңһ
ʵŻѾݣֻǵȱūȴҪ˺
ԽԽ۸۸۸۸ϣ
̵ģ˵
(δ)

һʮ 

ϵɫѿǶִ
ǡ
ߣ޻СˣһССĹܼҲ·ϣ۸Σ˵á
ϵɫѿ칫
ϣūڡ칫æǰ
ּ鸮ܼңͬղ·ߣնٽƷȥһְ˼ܲϣȥھˣԸȥְѺ̲䣬ԺԺ֮ˣѺ䡣
칫ȥּϵۿĹ壬ã޴û˷žޡ
˵ϣðʧˡ
Ҳǹˣ޼ǵûʺʱˣޣҲһ֪ǺãѪ⣬ƽͷʹ
岻˵ϵ룺ȻˣǾ͸˵˵Ҫ鰸¡
ػϣܻûüʣͱһˡ

ϵۺЦôǼȻûˣȻذɣʺ⼸Ӳ޲뿪̫ãһͷۣһΡ
ҲǷˣ˰ɣնϻҪ밲ҪȢҲ£ȥҲЪˡ
ˡ
ܸˡ
͹һϵߣּˣһʱˡ
ϵȥ칫æŰʥּ˹塣
үūҹʥּүˡ
ʥּѯʣʲôʱˣ
Ѿˡ칫˵㳯Űˡ
ĵʣˣʣû°ɣ
Żˡ±룬Ż˾ûƤ˺ǾͲˡ
زȥĵȣѯ䶼飬Ǵʱ䡣
Ƶһᣬſڴܼҵ򽫾ˡ
ƿȥƽĪа˽һµǳء
泯ƽܣ΢΢ͷٽ
ƽʱܼѾ˵飬ʱȣĻһ⣬Ů˵жĵӣҹͲ³ʲô£
ʲô£ˡƽܲϲ˶࣬ߵƵǰ
£Եöׯţʱֱ¶źڣϸļƽܻ˸ǿѹм¶һ߸̨ŵˡ
ƽܴ̣ⲻҪһƽɵĴİ
ǴϵˣѪܣҲˣŶӡ
ǣ˳ªˣƽܱ㵵ˡ
Ʋڳɣõҩˮʼ
ٽҿţһٴ˿ڣ˿ڶʲôطֽʼ׼ˣһ׼ëƲһ˴׸ǯӵӵþߡ
ƽߵһͣ£ֽʡ
ܼ׼ˣһֽī͵źãƽܿʼ¼
ҲҪʲôȨϡ
βȥſڵŹ塣
һʱ󣬲ȫ˺ȫãƸϣǸľڴϡ
Сĵ㣬ŵϡŲ˷ȥ
ҹºͰһŲˡ
ǡ
һԸˣƿƽܡ
ٽˡ
ãӡˣ㻭Ѻƽ˵ǩ֣Ҫ˺࣬ӡ¼֮ϣɽơ
ƿһᣬƽǴ֮ˣֻϧĴϧˣ
ٽƫȺȥ·
ҪǵãȻܵƽܡ
ƽ˵ȡ
˵ȥ棬̽סƽܣ֪˼Ҳڳɡ
ƽͣ£˵ɡ
ȥѿ¸߸ϣҪи֤˰֤ϵƣҵҩˣõĿˣû֪ˣǰ칫Ҫ
ƽעŰƣ˵Ҫұ裬ɵұɵȻҲҼ̽ʥҲЪŰɡ
㡣ƽתȥ⡣
Ȼ˵̲סͰ˵𻰡
ҹ֪ƽ
үڹұĹܼ۸ˣһȥˡ
ƽܿȥ۸ˣ
ƽ˫һڰѲӣԵòá
ƽͣҪ²ϣܼҴţ˶࣬ȻţҲ£үʱϵһĻñ˴ȥһˡ
ƽ۵һĨį㣬ıġ
˭֪أһˮ֮²ɼȥֻǹȥٽӢ꣬Ϊһǵ⣬ٽأպΪ御ᣬΪ֮šƳͣתȥƽܡ
ƽһЦǣüĿһĨ
ǲҪģҶԣκεĶȲ˹飬ȻľѳɴҲʹ˰ݡ
Ԫתźҹټ۸ʹ
Ͱͬһӻʹƽܼ۶ͷһۣۣȥ棬һӰѾȥ
ʲôˣѯʳʽʽأû塣
ȥţǹŰҲʡ
ʱѾ˯ǰݡ
˹ſڣƽܴ빬Īа˲һ·ȥǹ档
칫ʱæųѯʣٽϸոЪţʲô²
ȥͨ˵һҪ¡
칫ƽҹˣҲҵæȥ档
ֱֹòҲΪ鸮ģҪţ
ƳӴȥɣҹĻ֣ǽ£ʡ£˻ϵĶ֪ôá
칫̧ЦŻʺ󣺡ʺūҰ
ԴӻʺУϾͲȥĹˣʺóǹﶼüģϵǲϲġ
ǱԸȥ
Ƴ·ҪȥϵѾ·칫ȥźš
ԴӻʺУޱÿ£Ҳеúܣѵô֣ȥɡϵ˵ߵƳǰ
ʺվ÷Ϣɡ
ϣܣ˺ӻôһЩеûţȥ߶߶ԸġƳڲģȻֵĺܴȣ۵ȴЩ
ϵۿ񣺡ޣ뿴
Ƴ̧ͷϡ
Ϊ˽ɽ𢣬ҲΪ˶סǵĿڣ޵˼ڻʺʺȴҪƿ˲ʺѹ
ǡƳֹϵһЦƳ°ϸ
ʺɻʮأΪһῴʱ򣬵ԽͣԽãʵҪлʺޣޱ㲻ù¶⹬ҲͲôˡ
ϡƳ¡
ϵᣬ뿪ޣҪŻʺЦ
ԻϡƳſϵ۵ĻһƬ
ϵƳʺ᲻ˣ칫ٽ
ǡ
칫æųȥƳ뿪˲һϡ
ϵƳߣƳ˵ϣ֡
ޱһԺ󱧲ء
˷£ƳǺñӣϵתȻڴϵƽܡ
(δ)

һʮ Ҫ

ƽܽŹ밲μϣʺҹʥݣ𷣡
ɣҲˣС޲ƽϣȥɣ˵칫ȥٽ׼Щʳôˣ
ƽƳ˵ϣôᣬͳѳ
ʺʱż꣬޲һֱţôʺѳ
޶£ʺʲô
ο޻ῴţҲģǺúõġϵָָһߵӣʾƽ¡
칫˰һЩƽʱûеĳʳƽܷ£ƽЩҲȥϣ߻ϣ˵˱ߡ
Ŷ
ϵ뵽ƣƽܶˡ
ϣĶϱϣճȥȻĲӣ¡
Ƴƽĸвãƽܣôҵ鲻ùʵģοķǾ̫ıãô;̫ȹϵǻʺ󣬶ǹ֮λ㵱ñӣ֪
˲֪Ϊ֮μˣ
ϵסƳ֣ҽ˵ʺܼʺҪ޵ǲǣҴûôأƽôȫһƬ˼αؼƽϡ
ͻʺôȣʺ󲻵Աݣޱ㲻
ϣҹģôȥˣĶϱ£Ѿֵǽ֪ҲǸˣǱ˵лǺãƳĸеġ
ƽ˵꣬ʲôʺЩģڣʲôϵۿƽܣ˵
ϣĹܼҷ볼ȥҪЭͬ참
ĺԺϣıˣ볼æ֤ƽʵش
ϵʣн飿
ϣ֮ǰʶ˲֪
˵ġƳġ
㵹ʵڣô˵ǺѣϵЦ˵
Ҳǲʶ˿ǣҵǾΪ˲Ǹˬֱˡ
ô
ϵԥƬ̣ŷ飬˼ңɷڣȴףݣҼǶ˽̣Ҳǲòֵġ
˼ˣĴεޣҪܵˡ
ƽܲδ˵ƳʣϣǸףѪģ
ϵۿȥʺլʺ֪ģһ棬ᣬǸǻԼɡ
ʴȣҴġ
Ƴȥϵ§סƳģϣ˰ɡ
ƽԥһ£ϣ˵һ֤ףҪ칫ȥϡ
˰ɣűǣ칫һͣҹȽźãҲЩȥةฮ¾ة࣬Ȼǵĵġ
ˡƽתˣƳ̾Ϣ
ϵʣôˣ
ƽܳǰҳ檣˵ҪȢΪޣҲ֪ʱãȷʵ⡣
檱͸˵Ҫƽȥ粻Ը⣬ǰƽܣ³檱ˡ
տƽҹΪ檺£⺢ٲ£ӣǶû
ʺˣ޵ǾãƽܲµˣЩʱûˡ
ϣɡ
ƳǾã²򵥣Ƶãܶʱôϸǰ˵ɼǸ֮£
ڹгŮ˵ʲôΣһδƽһүô
ӣЪôؽѯʡ
ҡͷӣԴһк󣬻ϾûҲֻǸ̫һɡ
£Ͼ᲻ģɣҲźá
ǡؽæŴӦ
صѰһͬ³
βѾȥƴ·ӭ
˰ƣ弸˹ȥ˱ס
ƻҲûɡ
ü̹ˣܼ˷Ҳοˡ
ˡսֱۣ͵죬뿪ãˡ
ƵνҲûи˱š
뿪˹尲˵ү¶أ۳Ͷ٣ϢĪҪЦ
˭Ц忴ȥ˭Ҳҿ
ϰ񣬱㲻ôſˡ
Цˡæ
ŷ֣ˡ
ȥ
˵ˣҲˣϢɡ
ҴȥסȥסŻȥԺ
ű㱻屧˴ϡ
үҲʰӣƻЩϡ
ҪʣڡѾȥ·ƿЦ
үˣ
岻أǻƱ㲻˵һҹҲûţһϲЪš
Ͱ˷ǣָָû
ûУүܼҺգµġ
˵
ܼҳ濴һۣȥ
ȥ
ܼȥſţѾˣʱѹţſڣûĹ壬Ҳˣһ绹Ҫã治֪ôô࣬ûûƵġ
ţʣүôôã
Ϲܼû壬˵ʲô
˶ʮ꣬Ҫһӡ
ܼͨ죬
תϹܼȥҰүˡ
ȥǰԺţϹܼҺգ˲
ȰǴԺѾ磬ǰԺȲ衣
ƽȥҰ
ˣ
²뿴۰ƣ˵Ҵȥܸ
ˣµԤȻϣû£Ը˽飬ǷֱԻᶨᡣ
˵Ҳﲻæ粻Ȼˣ㽻㣬ĳ£ȫܸһҲá
İɣ¡ư
ǵȥˡûж뿪ȥˡ
ȥ鸮ʥּȥˡ
˰ȥˣ˸Ȳѣһ졣
鸮նһЩˣԼն
鸮һҹ䶯
̫ȴûκζ
ʱڹʱʱƴӲǱ߳۵ᱳʹ׼ȥϢ弱æܼҲ
ȥѯʣү
ԡ£ȥԸŰƾߣһ֣ȥʲô
үҪ鰸οˣȥʲô
ͿǶȢӣˣҲˡŰƻصûʡ
үûֻ˼ҶȢʲôϵƱ㲻ˡ
ȻҪȥϲͶһ˵һ׼ԡͰҪԡ¡
ֱۣүĪҪã
˴οȻ֪ǻϴȢʱʱ븮ȥزܵȵʱץЩ°·£ֱȥԡͰ
ΰ¹ҵҲˣȻ˵ôҪ
Ʋҵʱ·ȥϴ裬ȥƺһһ㣬
ûˡ

(δ)

һʮ ľ޿

ϴƸŹȥ
·ϰС˯һᣬȻûжԶڹ˯ˡ
˿֮һ£˵治ɷȢʲôϲġ
޵٣ΪɷȢҲ޵¡³תָƣֹСĵһ³һ߽͡
˳Ʊ˶βƵ˵ҿǴӣ˭ϲ˷Լɷ򣬹ϲʲô
Ц˼Ҷ£ʲôġ
ҶŮˣͬһ¡ĶβѶβӻβ˶˻ȥ
ƻͷŰƵ֣תȥ
ĴſվһЩˣ̹ӭ
ƿҶ֣ʹ壺ǲ
ָͣҡҡͷ롣
ȥѾ˵£δضϡǸ
š
˽űһЩˣƴŵĹһӣЩʶǰʱ򣬾Щȥصġ
ͰƣҼ񣬰иڣݲĶֻǵͷʾ⡣
棬һЩҲЩǹϵġ
ҲˣԶԶľͿƶˣƶɺۣȺдŵţΧ˺ܶˡ
ʺƳУٴλص購УЩ˶ͽƶ
رһЩݺݺ࣬˲á
ƱŹȥƶһϮ֣ɫͱˡ
ƶתŰƺ͹ȥ˴ɫ£Ķһޣ˼֧Σţβ
Žɫķڣɫڷϣ밲ãĺܡ
ƶ֣ƣ޵ʱ
ƶ㿴ġ˿ô˳ۣûиƶ޸壬ʼ˵ĺޣ
ƶתȥһߣ˸ط£Ҫ˵ˡ
ƶһҾޡ˺Ȼ
ƶһˣû˵Ĭˡ
ʱ򣬸պÿ˽š
˴һɫĻűһȥǰִŸ˸¡
һľպ棬ò˸ĵͷͷϴĵĽΣׯ
һһĹ´žϽڣĿ⵭ȻעǰĲ
˸ӡ
Ϊǲ࣬˶˴ȥ
ŮǱ㿪ʼأֵ˰ơ
沣ػҪġ
ƿһ۾ûתˡ
Ǹ˳ȥ
ɫϲãһˣߣ
ȻҪԷƸȥԷ֪ƽҲˣƽڰǶ棬ԶһЩ
ŰƵֹȥ˵ٿһۣȥةฮҡ
һΧԭҺ壬̲סһЦ˶
촽Ц忴ᵽˮ׼Էˣ֡
Ƶû⵽Χ˿˵˵ĺһб㵹ȥ
ȥ˵ŹҪӵˣһס塣
ҴˡƵǸٶȿȻϵˡ
ŰƵ֣һ£ͷȥƵĶʣɻҲࣿ
ƵͷС˵ɻ顣
棬⼸һϲҳ
ƶ֣ͺ֮ǡ
ƽܵǺƽֻ벻ƵһһЦ
ͶʱѼ䣬㵽˰ƺ͹ߣ˵λӡ
£ŰƵȻһЦ
ƻڣ֮䲻һޣȴװµĸкǧĺ꣬겻Ǻ꣬Ǻ꾫ˡ
Էɡ
Ѽ䣬ʼԷ
ƶԳԵĻиоȻҲǲ
˵ʱ򣬰ƶڿǳʲô
飬ǸĵӣҸԳĺá
ƶһҪˣʮµƶ˰ƣȻ¡
Ҫˡ
˿ȥȻһЦСܺãǾСɡ
˵ǲ⣬˱ݡ
׼ʮС룬ÿӵһĿ
˵ֻӦУ˼мš
Ʋ˲ͣ˿ˣ֡
嵹֪дһֺ֣㶼֪ĺܡ
Ժˣ
ӸƲ˲죬Ƶͷ׼֣ȥˡ
˵ͷȥƶô˶˳ۣĿ겻ǹ壬ƽܣܿ硣
ôԼȫΪԼ˿ûĴ
Ȼ⿴˿˵֮УĪС㣬СǾǵһŮС񡣡
ƶˣ
˿ڣֲòӡ
׼ƽ˵ȻӲ̹Ǿˡ
ƶȥ˵ʲô˵ǾˣҪлġ
ΧΪˣ벻ˡ
Ҳû˼˵Ҳʶ
ƶһ˽ǳԴҩ˻ôˣôڱտڵ벻ˣƸʲôôˣ
ƿȥȴû˵
Χ˶
忴Щȥؾˡ
Ʋϲ֣˰ɡ嵭Ȼ
˿Ŀⲻã㲻˵ˡ
и߰˵Σ
ɲ˵ɫ˵ˣǴ˾˵Ůľ޿
ѾͷǰĹϵԴҪ޸ͬ⣬𣬲ϲֵ߳ŮҲѡ
ǰȷʵá
ľ޿Ҳòȥʱ˻Ϊ֡
ľ޿ˡ
Ŀⲻãľ޹վ
Ը⣿ľ޿ߵѯʣƶ뿴ô¡
˴ʱƶߣһĵ
ƶ֪ˣԵһЩ
ľޣʲôʱģ岻õľΪɻ飬˹˸СֱӸˡ
ʲôʱģ嵹ǲ֪
ʲôʱ˱绹ôľʹﲻã
岻ϻҪߡ
Ҳ׼ҪߣȻһһ˵ˣǾɣ˰뿪Ҳⲻȥ
忴ȥҲڴ
ľ޿ɶʲôǵˡ
ãҵľ޿Ȼһɰľ
Ȼе飬СͰܻʹ̫ûŮǴСŮ̫ϲҲܶ࣬Ը
ľ޿̫ĳ谮ھ˸ǡ
ƫƫƲ
(δ)

һʮ ǿȡ

Ʒϸ֪ԭµʲôϵͳ⡣
忴ȥơ
ƻȥ壬ûʲôȻҪȻʲôĿĵġ
үû١
ʣҪ
Ļᡣ
ѧղҲѧʦ̹һЩʵƻĶȥˣԭȾѧЩһöûУôǺܴġ
ٽáȥ
뵽ȷʵУˣȥ
ǰԭ׼ģ˶ʼû˼黭һɢޡ
٣ƲȥǱߡ
ľ޵Ҳ֮ͨֻǿǺö
ߵյأϣϸ٣ǺƯоһ£̧ͷƿľ޿
Ҫʲôӣ
ɽˮɡ
ľ޺⣬ȻǾǵһŮмѡ
Ʋӣϵͳȴ֪ô࣬㰲ݵ˵ľ޿ȡ
ľ޲δףǰʮָ欣
ˮʣ˶Ŀһ£·ˬɽ֮䡣
٣ᴥʮָḧң֮಻·ɽϪɽ֮䣬ѡ
·𿴼ɽּСϪλŮӣڶˮױ۵ס
ľɫѿʼ̶Ȼȥľݵú
׼ȥʮָɣٲŪңʤһ㣬ոյˮ˿̷·ǧХǰɱ崡
վԣĿⶢŰƿȴ뵽ʮµʱҪץβǸʱ򣬾ɱڵ
ԭ
ڴҶȫעҴʱһľ޿һ˫һ飬һ
ǿסָŻ
ľ޿ŰƵƼࡣ
εһϲģһˣ建£üȥơ
ľޣľ޿ˡ
ľ޿תȥͷҲء
Ѱ˼һϵ٣ֵǸӡ
ү檺ϲ٣ү֪ɷĶͶƻί񣬵ǿӣҲҧгݡ
˱ֱӣ忴磬ɷң
ȥɣȻϲûǣֻǾٵ˰Ƶֲ֮أڶҲ˷ѡ
Ƹ˸ӣл͡
ƾôٸˣɫһ󷢰ףȴֻЦ͡
ҲɣȥƵߣֱסƵļ˵ɫ磬Ŷ綴ˣȻˡ
˵Ҳ½ǣƺ͹˳뿪
˳ţƱٺǸˡ
кܶ٣αϲѣȻô˵Ǹ߷ŵ¡
ܲٺõĶϲҲûãõĶҿˣǾǺõġ
ƾ㷹ڹϢ嵹һأ
үǰưˡƺЦ
ýĻ١
Ȥĳʽ֣үãÿ춼
ﰲһᣬ忴ǰٳ񣬰ʣүʲô
Сˣıһľ廰л
үл˵óǽˡ
ɱŰƵ֡
Ҳ֪ô£ľ޿ҵʱұȥһϸµģϵͳͻȻҿˣҲȥġ
ҵʱҲ֪Ǹʲô˵ɱҲûУһ˲䣬ǰڣѪɺӡ
ƿŹ壬ѹַŵϡ
үǵãһϴ裬үŽҺȻˮվǴΣѯʡ
΢΢𣺡ǵá
ǴҲϵͳԶ
Ŀûɵĳһ£סƵ֣£
ƺЦδ£ֻϲһصĶҪȹסҪЩʱġ
Ɑ˵Ǻöá
ƼãȻǺ¡
˵Ҫٵ飬Ҳϵͳԭ
бضġ
ʲô⣿屧Űǣȴ١
̾ϢǰǲϲүģҪү룬үҲ֪ģǴүţҺȻվⲻΪĹ.
ϵͳڸһԤʾҽҪ飬˵Ļٶ˵һá
ŰƵЩ룬ܷκ飬뿪ȻҪᡣ
ƶŹ壺Ͳ˵ģҪý᣿Ҫ뿪ˣôкãֿ
ǾͲ뿪ŰƵӣһȣ·Ҫסÿһϸڣһ˾Ͳˡ
صƴӳƽܵҲǺȥûͣ١
֣ƶǺܰ
˼ҵƺ棬ôԱһЩ˻ȥ춼ˣҲЪˡ
ȥˣѾգѾϵá
︾ү˲ܶŰݼ
岻ãúϢһѲܽ˵˵һңǾܷģһǡ
︾ϧֻϣܾȾҸ磬︾ţҲҪ
˱˵߿ޡ
úϢ㣬᳹˰
תȥ棬ȥĸ꣬һȴҪĻʵ
صԺˣ־һҹϴ˸ȥЪš
ȥ춼飬ȥ鰸
ǰ飬ʱƼ㲻ǺߣҲʤƺߡ
ƽ˲ܸʡ
ܸǴ֮͡
˲ܸһ佫޵ۡ
Ҳ
ܸͣĸԲȥĺĸҲˣøһֱܺãϺТԸĸҲá
ΪܸŴõϵļνҲʵнۡ
Ǿ˽ʶΪ˺ʵãȾ˶񼲣ǻȥˡ
ԭܺãܶҲǰٰǻܸΪǿޣ½˶֪
ֻˣ鸮ϾǲǸˣܣŶ̱ʱȭߡ
°¸߲ܸܸȥ鸮ˣһֱ̣ȴ¡
ΣŮ˾̫ˡ
֪ܽѯʡ
ܸ˵֪ӡ
ܸ޹ˣ¡
ûôš
һߵĲˣˣ㣬͵ˣ
ûС
ô£
︾֪Ҳܲû͵ˣôỳˡ
(δ)

һʮ Ů˲ѱ˿

شʵûСˣڳ˶𾪡
˵û˵ɷйһӣСˡ
æ˵Ҵû˵ô֪ģ
Ʋ첻˵ǴһǻῴģСʱûɾĶﳤһ̥ΪһֱڣӰ㻳ϺӣͬʱҲһվñ㳤ˣԽԽ󣬳Ķӡ
ɷڣĳɼҲѸӰŮԵ£ĿˮҲˡ
ΪǻˣЩҽҲȻǻ˺ӡ
شޣܸҲ׻Ҳ
Ŀɿڴⶼܿ
ƽаֽʣ¼˵Ļڳ˶ҪѺ
Ϊ˾ҲΪҹζ࣬ҪȥҽһλҽԼ鸮ĸҽһȡĶġ
ܷȥҲµġ
ţһҩ֤㲻ôʹܻ࣬ˣÿǻֻҪĶˣͻס
Ҳ¡
Ͽ۲ܸܼᶨ
뿪ȥʥϵ۽칫ҽһλҽһ鸮λҽλҽһͬΪ
ĸҽʱʮִݵһϰƸ֣һָӣʲô˵¡
ദҽϰΪ˵ƶǵ£ǰԴǶ֡
ҽǿŰƴӲ˶һԲĶǸ滹ʺ
ŵһиͷôʵˡ
ƿٷϣֹܿѪ
Ϊò˿ٻָ׼ҩ˳ȥѪ
Ϻã˰úãߵǸǰ˵ûϿҪײ˲źá
֪طЩԲǻ¾
ҽƽɹ̣ҽع£ϵּ˲ˣ׼뿪鸮ؼңçɱ³һͷŻؼҡ
鸮ܲϣδ֤ʵ㶯̣ϵ۳˼䣬˸в±ˡ
ڼԡ£ŸŹʥ
϶ڴֻѯ˼䣬ǻʺ󣬵аȥ˻
ڷǹֻɢƳʣһ⣿
ʺȷʵˡ󲻺ãƳôģΪʲô
ѵ֪Լ£
ֻǺ棬ôģƳ߱˵˵иʦֻǹȥʦ˵ɻ飬ҽ㲻档
˻ŰƲŻȥ
뿪ǹƿĹ壬ȥһȥ̫밲ǱŲ뿪
̫Ҳ飬ִ
˿ͬһһò׼ֱ˺ס
Ŷ죬תȥѾ˹Ź塣
ƿһ۹壬ǽ첻ǻô
Ҫ죬ǽĻ̫ǣסǿܵġ͡
˺͹ߵǰһЦݣôҪˣ
ţ϶߲ˡ
ǣҪȥˡ
պãҲҪȥһɡһֺã꣬ôôɡ
ȻҲҪһɡ
תŰƵֳں治ĸţ˸ʶǸݣȥͰһ
ڶੲݣ֪ôش
찲˵ˣƲߣˡ
ˣһֱ˵ͣ͸׻һž˵
˵˼仰æ˰ȥ
վΣ˵һߵģôȥʲô
Ƽװﲻ
˳ߣһżֱԾûվȲȥɫһ˱סֱӵ档
ŵɫһѣһѼתڰ忿ȥű˱ҡ
˱ڹĻǸСһƴӹĻȥ
ڹϣǡ
ţ˵Ŀ.¿ǹǵطɡ
С䡣
ɫ䣺ȥ
ſŸˣŲȥһߡ
ɫͺ죬ݺһˣ
һһȷܶˡ
ƺһɫ΢΢仯˫ְס˻һ
ƿȥҿ
°ȣʹܳ
Żˣôˣ
ȥĿ⵹Ǻƽ
Ҫȥѿӣ͹ͬʱһ
𶯣
ң
ǰһǱŵһǱ
ɫûˡ
Ҳǣ治ȥܿ
ϥǴλˣҪƻȥЩۣŵ㡣ЩǣæŰѹס
ˣۻۣŵġ
ƿ岻˵һ£ǰٱҲСŪˡ
ʲôǾͨɵˣһٱŪˣһգҽһŵһ£ס֡
Ʋ˲֣뿪һš
ûˡĿ۰ƣһߡ
һ£ˡ
˭˵βһ굽ƵĻٳ⣬ոܵÿ죬ȻҲѡ
˱ЩΣһβֱ˹ȥ
С벻ң˵ɴ۾β
Ƶͷ۸ȥĶβж
СɡһֺãΪѰСˡ
β˿һḧ.βСûң
õĿۣ￿һᣬǰ³ֻðѶβƣκεĻȥ
˰β֣ƺôƲˡ
ߣĲƣֿһԡ
չ죬ƸоĪеˡ
ص³վҲƽսСģղ˵Ǹġ
ʲôôһ̤ȥɫһףһѽ˴ת˸Ȧͣˡ
̧ͷŹ壺Ϊʲô
循δŮˣôȥ˵Ŀӣ
һȻΪ⣿
Сĵ㣬ˡ˵һ°ƣתŰƻȥ
Ҫȣѿô˵ѿӣʲôѡﲻݣȥĻϴڡ
죡˵忡Խ䡣
ƿҪŲ˵ˣ
Ź島˼ѣ·ԡͰƶ㵽ţԡͰ׼ȥϴ
ڵľ̿һ黹
۵˯ûôࡣ
(δ)

һʮ ܸ

Ϣ£ƷΪȥС
Ŀƣ֪ǲ̥£ɫ㲣һ󲡡
ƿȴ£¡
ֵֹֻܾģְһʱ˵
棺Ҳȣֻᣬ
ȻҲˣˡ
Ȼö˵ʲô˼ҵ飬벻Ҿ͹ܲˡ
ӹغ˵ȥ
Ů׼һãһᣬ԰̥
ü续ˡ
Ϊﰲ̥ǳŮı֣ãᣬӰ̥ػҲԴ¼ǹģŮΪӣҪΪϾϹᡣ
һ˵ǣЦˡ
סƵ֣㱾ߺô
̧ͷһ۾Ů
˽飬ȿڡ
֮䣬沣ȻЩ𣬵׻˵ߵĻ˻ȥ
Ȼף˼
޷˵ëķ˲缦ȴҽס仰
Ȼ˶ĳʱĴΣѾڴ˵أƻзִġ
ʼҵ飬Ͳκ˵ӣοǵ
֮£ӹûһһ˳߹ģȻط͸òú׼
ɵˣһ᲻ߣ
ˣҪȷʵãﲻعˣ̥ǡư
Ҹ˵˵ģȻ幬ܴȴûкͱ˵ˣδǰҲ㲻ģʱԺݺݺ࣬Ǿֵġ
˻ϣûű˵˵ˣЩƵûš
ȥ̫밲㲻뿪幬ˡ
ԭȻټĵ̷ԴУ飬㲻ȥ
ҲƵûšƽȴ˵Ρ
ر֣ԣŮҲдŮδǰҲǺңڵģԴӼ޽Ľ˿ȸˡ
ǻǰ㣬ϧҲա
ƫƫǸ
˵ҿˣһε˼ԭδǰЩֵ飬֮ڻڣÿǼ棬Ǽǰ
ǰǶʮֳ谮ûˣͻ١
ǰЩӲ֪紵ĲԣѸ½Ůٰ죬ŮǾľתͰѳŮƷóŮˡ
Ůÿն̻̲һˣѳŮºڷ֮ʱɱˡ
ͣ
ŮﲻЦ˳ȥĿⲻԼҪˣ
Ů澲ң
Ůæ£ŵö߶¡
ؽһ߸˸ӣɡ
ʲôΪڱǰǸűˣ᲻ˡá
ʵΣһһ͵ĸ˭أֻ飺ϢŭҲǹģȷʵŮ˵ʱ򲻳ͳҲĴ
ʵ㲻Ǳټ֮ˡ
Ц˲¹ͷĵطǮ
Ҳ˵סˡ
תŰƵǰߣһᣬƽڻ飬ҲûѰ͵幬ſڣֹˡ
뿪˸ӣתŸ칫뿪
Űˣ̾Ϣһͷ۶ӣתȥˡ
ؽߣǵĿž̧ʾߵ˶ȥ
Ȼȥô޴۾ȴƭˡ
˼ǣؽЩ⣬Ƽ紫仯ı仯Ҳô
ո˵ʱӣͺĴǺϣ˵˫۾ûġ
ЦĵȻܰǷƭˣǡ
Ϊʲôؽ⡣
ҡͷҵĽţ⺢ӵĳغɵǲɵҪϱġ
ŮΪױ
ҡͷŮΪüݣûüߣױҲãɸɾĺãˣιҪױأ
οδػ
Ů֪ˡ
ؽž幬Ҳ칫ȥ˷ǹʺƳ
·ϰƱ㿪ʼ꣬˭ﲻƫƫõ
칫ʣʲô£ӽ幬ͼ᲻
ƿ칫Ȼ֪ոΪᣬơ
ƽʱЩҩû£лϵãҩá
ƹҡҡͷ칫æʣ棿
칫±˵üֻҡͷ
칫ҲЩǣһ˫ãֲЩȱǳʲô£Ҫûʧˡ
ʲô취
취룬ûʺʺǰã취һҡҡͷ
칫еϾϸĻʺ
ǹſڣƹ˸˸ӣŮ澰ݼ
ƷΪʺͨƱ⡣
룬ϻʺءŮ˺󣬰ȥϵۺƳ
ǵƸӹ£㱻ڵϵϵ۽סɣǳӣǵ˷ǹҲǵ˼ң
Ůлϡ
̧ƳҪȥ£Ƴæ˵ˣ
Ůлʺ󡣡һŪڡ
ˣ˹Ҫ
Ǹ
ϥǵ治ֵǮ
վһᣬϵʣ
ػϣĸӰ
칫ȥһ
ϵüͷѾһп
칫æŵͷ䲻
ϵ˼˵ʺ󿴿ɡ
ǡ
ƱϹϾߵƳߣϸƳɨܿƳꡣ
ûʲô仯˵Ƶĺܺá
뿪棺ϣʺĸӰ
Ŷˣ޺οϵָָһߣ칫æȥһߣһ̸ƣһ˶ӣ̵ҫۣСȵô
ȻҪǷŵִȥˡ
ʵ۾ǻʵۣʹͶЩˡ
Ƴϣʹ͵õô࣬ε⴮ӣϲˡ
֪ϲ䡣
лɣǽһӣǲġ
칫æѣתлȥӡ
ϵۿһᰲƣҪȥĵʺˣʺưɡ
ǡ
ϵ뿪ƹϵۣ칫Ŀһ۰ƣתææĸ˳ȥ
ˣȥƳƳ˵Ů
Ƴ˿ߵˣ°ɡ
ƳŵȥƸ˹ȥ
(δ)

һʮ ʺҶʧ

˵ˣƳ˵ʲô¸߱ǡ
ոճŮȥ幬ΪȻĸӰᣬ㲣ӷȥǻ¡
ʵ֪Ѿ⣬²ʺ
Ƴ΢΢ŰƾЩ
ϣȴܸ
ĳǸ
õġ
Ƴԥһ£Ӧø߻ϡ
Ů߻ϣ˶ӣǳŮո˵ǻù˴Щʲô
£ŮʺתҲȥ鷳
˵ȷʵ˵ǻ˴󹬣ᣬڻҲã
Ƴӷǹ뿪š
칫ڷǹŰƣ˰Ѱƴĵ
칫˵ᣬд£ϵ
˵ϣȷд¡
칫ȥɡϵ칫˳ȥ
ĵֻʣ°ƺϵˣϵۿƣİȫڡ
ϴβ˵飬ģ
ϵ۵ȻһãȻѲ⣬Ȼ
ʱʻʺ飬ˣ˵ȥѾãʵĻˣʱʣ֪«Щʲô
ϣȷʵġʵص
ϵ˼Ժһʱ򣬲˾нҲø¹򣬰޵ѱǡ
ҡ
ƿɲѰ·Ǳ־ĺá
ϵ۹۲찲ƣɫȻһ
ǣ
ƱϹϾϵ۱ЦǸŮǺ񣡸ôʱúͿʱˣ
֣̿żȥϵҲ£Щ빬ˡ
ϧչȥˣһʱ᲻ôҲֻӲͷƤӦԡ
ϵվһᣬʣ˵˵飬ᣬӰ
һᣬֻʱǺأҪȥ׼һЩ̥ɢҩһЩ
£ҩԽȼü֮ȴһݡ
ˣ֮ᣬΪ޵ĹϵԵ˴µķϵ۵ǲܻ¡
ʵ棺£Ѿ˻ʺҪתǳڷǹ˵£ǹڻ˴Ще顣
ûм֪Ļ鷳
˵Щ޻ȥҲذɡ
ˡ
żҪߣͷҲ̧Ǵӱ˳ȥ
ϵ۶˳ȥİƿһᣬǺЦ
֮ɽ㲻ʲô
νͣ
Ƴ֮ʱʺһּ⣬˼У跹˼Ϊûʺģ׼ʺظ̽ա
ƻص˵Ϣһ˵ϢʹĸĪ⣬һǸеĸ֡
һ˻϶Իʺĳ谮Ǹһ䡣
ϵֻлʺƳʺؼ̽ףҪģ㲻ȥңǻҲԶҹȥġ

ƻǽֵġ
ԭȹûʱҲһģÿֻҪ뿪跹˼Ƣ꣬¡
⼸оעһصȥҩʱҩѾжʱ䣬ưԼѾҩеĶڷŹҩҲհҪȫ׼á
ҩ࣬һţⶼֻаԿף嶼û䱸
һЩ¹岻ȥˡ
Ҫ׼עѾожʱˣҪľܣΨҺܺעͷƻоѾͷһžȥо
սţҩˡ
оҵһ죬ƴ˳ȥſڵģʲô£
ſ棺ˣּ
Ʋ죬ջּ⣿
Űƿһۣ칫Ѿ˸ǰƸȹڽּ칫æŷš
𣬻ϸĿ͡
칫˵ʺ̽ףϲֲͬĻʺĸӰΣҪūȥةฮ̽˳ʺա
Ƶͷһ۴ŵӣֶ̣ʹҲǰõģⲻˣ
̧ƿ칫ȥϣһ߾ܣʺȫ
ūͻȥҲȥɡ
칫תˣȥ칫
ͻѾ·εܲһǰȥͷˡ
ˣ׼ҪҲȥʲôҪҲûص׼
˵ǡ
׼ϹܼһЩ飬Ͱһȥةฮ
ةฮѾӵϢҪſڵȺƣŵˣةˣԼƶˡ
ةฮŮ첻࣬ݣӦةԳӭȻٲƶ
ƶЦ˻ʺǰһ
ƾ֪ةฮ׼û¡
μة˿æǰ
񡣡Ʒةˣ̧ͷЦЦϹҪġ
ƶߵǰ棬˸ӣ
С㲻ض񡣡
ƶ˺ҪƽʱչأƶҪлģл
Ʋδƽϣ˴ǰةฮƶԲҪ鷳Ҳǣةʮֲãƶ󵨣ȻضˣˣС˲òʵةฮ棬ȥ˼պʺعá
ĸסƶû뵽Ľ
ƵةˣȻһˡ
ҲѹƳʺ֮λļƵĸףŮȻҲ
Ҫңȶةฮˣؽҡةߵ˰ƶȥ
Цˣ롣ة밲ƽȥ
ƵͷŽȥ
ةฮ׼ƱʺƳǰ氲׼ȥƳݣƳס
֮䣬Ҫˣ˰ɡ
꣬ʱֱô
ȸ￴
ƵǲؿϾҪı¡
Ƴ°źã¸Ƴ˿üͷ壺ǰϸأ
Ƴһ£ɫһ䣬ˣ
ջȥ˿ΧˣƳҲ˹ȥ
ûмˣة˾ƳߵĹŮ
ƳĿⲻãȥɡ
ةϴ£ûˣ׼԰ꡣ
һˡ
ƳϣȷҲˡ
Ʋ˰ȥϻȥǰ˰ĶƾƳ棬׼Ƴҡ
(δ)

һʮһ 幬

ͷƳһҲܵǡ
⺢Ӳģϲģǻϸģ˵Ǳ̥ġ
˵̥Ĳȣûֻ֪ǰƸ֪ˡ
Ƴ֪ǴˣȻҶˣǺ£
ƽܹĵæµƳĸеǡ
æʱǰɣΨһңΪȷһһЩ򻣬ȻƳαɡ
ƵƳţᾡ̥ѶҪЩͷ
Ƴסңɫֻһ㣬ҿǱı
̧δֱӻش𣺡ֻҪճ˵ģһбɷ̩
ãһģˣٽϣҶʧһ¡
ǡ
ƳˣվոӺۣ¿ȥȹϾȻѾѪ
Ƴŵ£ةฮһţ׼ˮҽҩƳ¡
Ǳſ졣
Ƴſ죬ȥ۾Ѿű֮ġ
ֻǲةฮֻһةฮ͵øˡ
Ƴ۽ᣬվһʵǲ⡣
˭ˣ㺦Ƴ
ةңֲ̧˲ͷĺ
ةѾˡ
ҲǸոջ֪Ϊʺ̥߹һ˵Ƴ顣
ةſģţҴõϲԵıӣֶҲǴʥ£ҫҴ
أûö꣬ոˣͷ¡
żȻ
ةصͷϣˡ
ة࣬սةฮ˿ʲôˣﲻɳ֮£ȻҪ塣
ةסŮ£ŹȣȻһʱ˰š
ˣةฮةฮˣϴ
ةԸȥةฮΣ
˰æȥҰơ
Ƴ棬Ϲʮˣǹųġ
һַǰŸոյİӣһֱһԺ￴
ϵ˶߶£˫ְڵϣͷͷ
˿ʪˣصĿš
ʺ£˭ˣǶΪԼޡ
忴˿ʵʲô˵ֵ
ūţūšС̫ŴڵϿ˵
ʣջʺʱʲôˣǰǼʲôˣ
ʺǰȥ幬һ·Ҳûˣһ·СĽʺϢƬ̣δˣةฮҲûм̫ˣةˣС㣬Ҳܾţˡ
С̫Ϊ˱дӹʱ鶼ϸһ顣
ͣ̽幬ʹϣΪֹ̥Ĳȣҽʱǲ

æȥȥͣͳŲȥ
ةʱĸ֣ߵǰѯʣ
ֻǳһ飬ҪкҴ֮ˣӦ
ةͷһ
忴ȥҪ֣ǣгҩҩ֮ˣҽҽҩͬҽר˲졣
ǡ
ת뿪ةฮ
Ƴһʱң㲻ˣǿ۾Űƣ˻۾˯ˡ
Ʋ˲ϵĺתȥſڣŲ
忴˳һѽ˱סڻͷȥ۵ɫҰס
үƲ޳ˡ
۲ѣߵһߣֱԺȵ̨ϣͷˮڹĻ
˲Ƶ˱ڻ
ȥúõӣЩǡ˵갲һ죬ǲҪôˣҲ˵ĳ
ة࿴ſڣ̲סʣʺ󡭡
ƴʱҲЪһˡ
ӹվ˵ʺѾû£ҪԴ̥Ժﲻܳ֡
лة˲һ
ةฮļٿǱסˡ
ةฮܿ챻˰ΧŸүˡ
ţ˴Ժｻ㣬ʧ
ǡ
Ը׵תƣأ
һ£ôˣ
үɡƺܹɡ
ɫΪʺȫڴͬ׼ϢĴ̣Ϣ
רŵ˽Ų飬ʺ֮ﻻʳӹ
ǡ
ԸҲЩˣۻʺڵʣܽȥ
ҡͷүȥڵӣʺаʱϢ糼ɡ
Ȼ£汾
һ£ܿعӦ
ô飬һҪȥ
忴۰뿪ةฮ
Ǳ˸ˣŮ˼ط˱ߣҪĹˡ
ŰƱŵ˽
·Ϲ屧ҪϢ̲סҪƳ齻
ʺǻʺıǰҸү˵ǸҸʺ׼ģ֪ô£Ҷˡ
Ҹϵ߸ʺֲѯʻʺҵ飬ʺ֪Ҳˡ
లƵɫŷһЩ
ô˵ңŻᷢ£˵Ļ뿪ãʺ£
ἰ£һ£ʲôôˣ뿪ʺҪʱʺŻ£ô˵ʺڹ
ţ忡һĨȻûǹµ֡
˭أȥڹĻ˳§סƣŰƵ
еˣ϶֣ʱ䲻ԡ
ҲáЦЦϢһᣬȵеæˡ
æʲôƲ⡣
˹֪ˡ
ٵʹƿȥʹѾʿΧ
Ʊ屧³°ƹһӳƿȥʮֱģС˵ġ
˼ҵӾȻͲˡ
˹칫ѾſڵˣŵͰæǰūμ
أʡ
ϵȺʱڽ幬ϲūǰҪٹȥҪ¡칫ŵļʱ
ŰѸٳŽ幬Ǳȥ
˽幬ƾͿźܶˣЩ˶ǽ幬ˣЩ˶ةฮ˲࣬ڵŵö߶¡
幬ĿһٶˣڵϹš
칫æŴͰƽս幬ڵſϹŵҽǡ
ϵվһߣɫ
(δ)

һʮ ̫

ſһۣȥϵ밲˵ϵŵ˰֣ˡ

ǰɫ԰ף۵ѪȹҲС
룬˹ȥסɨ衣
̴óһҩ
оҽԶܸıʵ˻ͲӲ
ǿܿڣǰһֱۣڸоЩľˣöѪ
˵޵ˡ
ưܺã㽡ֻҪ˵ͻû¡
ģѾϣˡ
ġ
ϵۣϵ£ס֣ţ޵£Ҳᡣ
ϣǳܣ
ҪסȻӰ̥
סޣ۾
뿪ϵҽ׼̥裬빬ڵֹ˵ʱ£ҲһƼݡ
ϵ۰Ѿַſȥƣһпˡ
һ߾ܡæŻӦ
ϵۿ˿תȥ棬һ˳ȥ
ҩ԰ƣԸΪȫϴˣȫ
һ׼ãƽ˽ŵ棬Ҫ˿ء
˯ˣȷû£Ʋȥϵۺ͹塣
ϵŴ򿪣תİơ
Ҫݣϵһѷ˵ɡ
˵Ǻ컨
컨ϵ΢΢һ£Ƶ˵ͷͳЩӣֱ˹ȥ
ӣţֽϵۣ롣
ϵߵǰţȷʵЩ컨ζ
һֺܺĲغ컨ֺ컨ҩûȴܴһе˳ڽӴͻᵼС
ţغ컨ӴѾһˣֻǽճȴûżдζ˵µ˼СĽҲȻߵˡ
˭Ʋȥ²⣬ܹǸþʱϴȥϲغ컨ζ˾ˡ
ϵ۵Ŀ䣺ߵˣ
ƳĬϵ۵Ȼҷţʡ
ƼϿɷģѾ£ĸƽ
ҪԴϢһʱգȷס
ţˣ˵ʺҲڹˣļ٣֪޲ŷġ
һ߾ܣʺҲ£ֻҪ
šϵۿ壺˵ĶԣЩ˲ò
Ʋ죬ѵͨ
忴˿ʹڣϣ¡
׼
ϵ˵꿴޹ңȥ
롣
ͰϵۣԼͬϵЩ죬Ǳ˹ȥ
פͣ£ȿڣ컨еùһõζ幬˱ЩĵطûС
ƲҶۣ뵽ֻбУֻܣһµ˺СģⲻĵطմȾغ컨ÿҩСģݺҩ˰Ѳغ컨ȥȻһࡣ
ô幬˵ΣǸ־ңˡ
ǰҸʱһ㲻ԣûвغ컨ĶԣҲ֡Ҫο塣
ˣȥ̫ĹϢ᳹¡
ƵͷȷʵЩˡ
Ӧڽ幬ߺţҪȥ̫Ǳ߲֪ΪΣ
߹ѾֱƣеĻмŮŮǿЩϤҲǿ쵽˳﹬ʱ򣬲ļŮ̫ˡ
˹̫һѾڵȰˡ
ȥ棬л˵
̫Ըˣ̴˳ȥ
ƣ£ģ̫࣬Ҳµ¾̫󣬲ȻϵģδױҪ
ʵ棬̫ҲƽƵ֣ǲ̫󶯵֡
ô־ò̫ܣϿӡ
㲻ǺϲҲڶӾ
ǲǻϵĶӣҲӡ
ô˵ʯڹ֣ҹ͢ҪҴ̫޵߶
Ȼҵ˹ȥ
֪Ѿֲ죬ʱڹѾΧˮйͨҲƿ֮УĻһԲ鵽ûʲô˵ģʱˡ
̫ƣûģѾͷͿ
ס
ǺѵЩ㶼ѵ㲻֪з磿̫תȥ£վһ߷ɡ
(δ)

һʮ 

̫ŭˣúõôͳˣºΪʲôƳУƱػ飬˴Ķʵ޿ɺǣ˴Ķǣ˵ΪϷǣ˵ǾǱƹ
ǰֻеĽӴǣͷǶǵģôأ
ĸ󡭡Ҳһȥ׹Ϊʲô̫˽˹
ԭΪ˻Ŷӵġ
˵ˣϹȣҪס˵ġ
żñ룬ͷֹ̧̫Ƶĵǡ
侲룬ʵϣʲôͬ
ϸţǸϵۿɲͨˣʵڻʺҵˣˡ
Ҫôȫеġ
ϵ빬֮ôݾҪԹ֣
˵˴ε飬ֻΪ̽塣
Ҵææģȥϡʵ档
̫һĨǡ
ĸԭƹȹ̹Ҳǳ֮Уѵвô
վǻеһӣǻҪҪǻҪֻܰ
ǳӣӾ͵гӵӡ
׻˵Ҫò
ǳ
ʱǻϵ˼һк˵ʱԼ˼һжǴ
̫üģ˭ôĵӣڹ֣Ӻ֪ˡ
Խòԣĸ󣬼Ӻ
̫ſ֣˰ƣæȥ̫󿴣ĸƣҪ룬ɢ裬ĸȷá
æŴóСҩƿȡ֥Сĺҩ裬͸̫
̫ɣûҩԡ
̧̫ȥƣһŷŵ£ǶõΣƬɰɳڷãʱŵ£Ͼ˵ʱʮٵʱĸɻ⡣
Ʒã̫ŵ£о࣬ſơ
ͣҩ̷˺θùĸڡ
š̫࣬Ҳ侲
˼һ᣺ǰǼģ¾ģֻش˾ˣҲⲻǻ
˴󶯸ɸ꣬ҲȫΪ˻ϣл㡣
˵˵ҹ˻ϣֻΪڶұ˴£˵ס񡣡
ĸ󣬶֣̿ϴ˻֣̿ȷʵԶһЩҲӵ棬ˡ
֮Զ࣬ҲΪࡣ
һǻģŴֵĸģҲǸˣŶԶЩ
˵֮£Ȼܳϡ
޴
̫ŭĿԣ̱죡
̫ŭ˵˻պҪ˵ǻϣȻ˵ĲԣҲõǶԵģ㵹Ǻһӣʲô˵װס
лûУ˴һҪͬ۹ã£㵱֪ô
ƺȻף˵ô̫࣬ĿֻһΪ屣ȫ
Ʒ
˵ĸģԵΪѡ
֪ͺãױܸˣ±Ҳ£ģ⡣
̫ˣæŽ
̫󡣡
ѱǼսӱ˺ڷ纮Ҳá
ȥ죬һȸ磬УΪϡ
̫Ը˵˰֣ȥɣҪӦţʧ϶ûã鱾ҪȥʥΪʺȥűȥɣΪױ
ǡ
æ밲ƳȥŪúɽƮҡһεĴӳ˳
뿪һ·޻ͰƵ幬
ѳ֣幬˷׷߹أŮ澵ȹӭ̫̫򸣽𰲡
һ㵣̫
ͷ㿴æ˸ѣ˦˦롣
ƿź󣬰ַȥ
幬ȥһ·ϵ˷׷׹£İǰģ
ô̫֮١
ߵ幬ϵſ˵ƽ˲һ
幬ĹǷ׷׹£Ů澲μ̫򸣽𰲡
ߵϵǰҪӣϵĸ٣ˣעݡ
ҲٿȻ̫һдӼ
(δ)

һʮ Ҫľ

Ӧ¿塣
Ź忴ȥƵͷү
š
忴򺣹ĸԽ
̫ͣǹ幬һūŻն֮Ѻϼӿʡ
Ϊ⹬ǻңһйСڲ뿪޹ר˿ܣȻ⡣
ˣղô⾪
ʺѣԵʡԡիգ˳Ϊ
ةฮȫܣڣýʳΪʺʺĸƽةฮûԵպʺĸ£һ˵ȵТࡣ
ƿ壬Ҫةฮᰡ
ϵ˵ּ
뿪ȥϵǰ˹˵ϣ̫ԺȥʥΪ̫Ҫūӻϣʺй֮ϲ棬Ͻӻʺع

ϵгɣ֪ˡ
ūˡ
ˣ뿪
ƿȥһ̾ϢʱѻʺӻҪʺô
ȥɣްѻʺӻһͬȥҲġϵһ˺ܶ࣬ƿЩƣ롣
Ӧʣּ
ת۰ƣ߰ɡ
˹ȥ
˺ܿһ꣺ĸҪѻʺӻعⲻҪʺ󡭡
ĸô޿ɺǣʺʱڹⲻǰ취ֻܽӻعС屧Űƽͣȴã̫󲻽ӿ¡
ʹƺƿ֮УȻҲı˶ɵֻˡ
ĸ£Ǳ⣬ȻΪĸģ·ǧֻĿȸģʱʱ䣬ʮܹɽϵ߰˸ϵķ£սֱۡ
ʣ·ôã
Ȼ·ĸݣȻּ˷£ĸ٣˷£ȻҲö֡
ǸǺܰĸ󣿡
Ȼ嵭
ĸв⣺˵ĻΪλȢӣ
֪˵С˵Ŀɲϵ۵СȻµС
ЩȻĴȥҵĳңҲһں󹬵ģЩŮˣٻЩģԶˡ
ô࣬˵ĸʣǸ.֮ˡ
̾ϢϵģҪΪ²ΣҪʼѪΣȻΪ˴ڽӴġ
ô˵ǡ
һ£˵ĸ˵ݺֳôĶ»ϹүҲ֪ˣ
ҲǺܵǣǻеġ
嵹ǲģలƵ֣ĸѾϤһУֻĽˡ
˻̧ͷȥЩ⡣
Цôʱ򲻴ôʱִĸѾƿһУŹݺˣ
үǰزˣҲûĸ
ǲͬĸҲǵǵģվǴ򣬹ܲ˱£ǹ͢ĸǾԲӲܵġ
ĸ󡭡ְ˻ȥǲ˵ĺá
Щ룬ڹĻӡ
ˣ屧˱ðиĵطš
ţүϢһᡣˣôڣҪ
ԭȴ̵ʱҩ䴩ڵкҲûô۹ڹŴ۳ӡ
˯ɣš
忿С˯һᡣ
ةฮƲűѣ˳һȥʺƳ
һ֣һƬ
ŰƵ޶ãֱȥƳ
ڹˣة˿޵ۣƳڴ˿Ҳûȼһ˿Ϣ
סƳɨΡ
ʺĸƽһϣֻǻʺСӽΪ˴ȹ⣬ҪعС
˵ةǰһ˹ȥȻᡣ
漴Ը˰ƳƼݵϣҹع
ة࿴Զ˻ζ˻ζѵһڵϡ
ƽܴӳæŰة˽ȥ
ة۾Ŷӣݺ᣺ߣжԶ߶ԶҲˡ
úϢҽȥ㡣
ƽߣةະ
ƽܻͷة࣬תˡ
Ƴ￴Űƣ۾ʼƳ֣һ·ʹ˳׼ƳƽҲ
ƽܼߵ£屧Ƴƽܣ˶һۣƽܱƳ
ڣϵۿƳ˱ţ첽ߵǰ

Ƴģϣܣ˻ϵ檡
Ҫ˵޲á
ϵ۱Ƴŷǹȥ
칫æߵǰּ̫ܲҪիգ˴¡
ĸ󡣡
ǡ
칫æȥϵۣƿ˿壺Ҳܵġ
˵ŰƵ֣ŷǹȥ˷ǹϸƳΡ
ΪƳܺõĿ㣬Ʊ˼ѪŵˮƳ¡
ƳɫָܿϵҲ۽硣
棡ʺҩõľȻ˿죡ϵ۲ò࿴һ۰ƣǹںڵģ۲ѡ
ƳԹЩˡ
ϣҪ£ϰ䲼ʥּȻãϵü
ôÿ޶ͷ֪ΪǻʺΪɫ
ϵƳ֣ĸвá
ɲʱ¹ش󣬳ܲΪΨҳףһݡ
ˣôûΪ޿ǣϵʮֲõĿһ۹壬ƽܡ
ƽܣƣҪիգʺ󽻸ˡ
ƽܴ˫ֱŽ
ϵۿ˿ѾЩƳһʺһʺúЪϢ
л϶衣ƳǺί
ϵƽܣҪ뿪ңκ˲ÿʺ󡣡
֪
š
ϵۿ˿ʺתȥ
ת˿ˣƺں
ٽʺʱҪϢҪȥиˡ˵תˡ
Ҳһ뿪
幬һҲˡ
۵ĲᣬϾ˯ˡ
帺𳹲飬İһ˶ֻð˴ߣûд
ʵͿ˯
崦Ĳ࣬ҲҪ˯ˡ
ߵƵǰ岻ۣģ˱ȥƫϢ
˯ðȣȴĻ̡̻
飬ϼӿܣڵȫ˽ˡ
ʹһжڹ֮С
֮Σаֳ
Ѿȫּ̫նʱ˭ҲҴһµԴ
̫ʱҲڹȥϸ˼֡
˻̫κ̫ǰ
̫ļ٣գͶǲǽ
κȻ׻̫˼ΪһֱҺʵ֪ġ
ǶΪҺʵź£Ҫ˱ôϴαĽѵҪ
(δ)

һʮ 

¡κַŻ̫ȥ£̫ͷۣһֱͷ
ԡ£ҪȥʥΪ̫Ը
κһ֣Ƕ
ܲˣϾǻϵĵܵܣʲôû˭ܰô
ھҪ֪Ҳܲࡣ
˶ǰңҲĲ
̫Ŀ׺ݣκֺˣūΪԡױ
Щ
̫ӻʥ棬̫󻺻۾ְ۾ϡ
ɡ
ȥ˻̫̫һϮ°ɫĳԡ󳤷ɢðɫĴá
ʥȥ㣬̫󣬱ĿΪ
һ
㣬档̫˼Ǻ󣬻Ƿ
̫Ŀ˫ֺʮƽǶͶ飿
̫ºЦȻʲôȥ
죬Ҳϣöˣӹж꣬Щʱˣνȷʵǰ˽⡣
㽵Ըе
̫ϳϿҿң̫Į»δȷҲģȻѾڳ£жᡣ
ĸƽȻҴڵıӣɡ
ǡ
̫̫ʥΪʺ๬ڱҲҵ׷׹ڹſΪΪʵΪԼ
˯Ѿţ㶼ǹˡ
ܿ죬鵽˶ϡ
ɡϣɫ䣬ƿ˶ꡣ
첻߲ݵһֱٲ¡
̫̫󣬻̫϶ȥˣǷޣƺȻã˵鶼ǷޣЩ˵飬һֲ
;ʹ⣬ϴӳȥȴٳû³Ķˡ

һ£Źȥߣָ˹ȥ˹
ˣһһ߸ĺ
˵ů̫ˣٴһЩá
š
һ۾Щ԰׵ס֣һͬȥĵƫ
ƫ幬˵лֱ˵ɣԷΣҲˡ
ǿһߵİƣĿڰϵķϣɫһס
δ£ȴ
ǲһݰôģ
ԽԽǲԸ𵱳޸֮ǰʲôʱôһУ뵱ȻǰƵı´󣬶˹ʺˡ
˸ûõĹŻ
ôǽ㾰
ʹĿ⿴壬ǲһԡ
ʺΡ
֪ˡ
ͬûпĿ⣬ȻȻ֪ǾʵʵɣñΪˡ
ߣ
Ȼ鵽ʲô˵ǡ
Ƿ޽д£岢δ
Сش
ʣδȥ̫밲д£
Сɻش
粻һͣ
˵ڼѣµò뵽͸ĸƷ
˹𣬹ʳϸ񣬱ͷ뵽һ²һ£Ҳûȥĸ밲˶ѡ
ף³Щʲôƫƫڣֻ˵һ仹ãҪ͵С
˵ûɣҲš
Ƕأڼȥĵطʱȥʾ
ɫ԰ףܽš
Ͼɱͷ
촽ãһֱͶһ𡣡
忴۹磬ô
ͷ
ȴԸȥ
Ȼ·ûн˵㲻ڶԡ
һȻǻ޿ħɵӶĳǰæ˵ѵġ
ˣ쵱ֵĹǰʡ
˱۾ƿȻĹΣΪһУ˵ǺãŶȥ
ҲҸġ
ֻΪ˾ˣֵ
Ϊֵš
ѾȥҵյֵĹˣּ̫նѾȫ档
ɫδ䣬Ŀ⵭Įô˵޶֤ˣ
ǡ
ҲΡ
̫ɺϣ͸һĨ졣
۾ˣˣּ̫նģ
̫ˣ
Ŀһأ·𿴵ϣ
壬ЦȻû£ˡ
Ҫ߱סȥ𳹲£̫̫ʥΪΪʼѪȥ˵Ĺȥô
ȥ֪ˡ
תŵȥתҲ˳ȥ
뿪ȥ壬㵱治֪ǣ
֪ˣ֪ȴһһѰƵЦЦ
ƿȥү˵ޱ
ǱֵܣȻ˵ˣǡ
̻Ĭ£ʹǽҳӣƵ
һЦһֻϺףƲʲôˡ
ˣε飬ĸ˵˹ݺģǶΪĿľͺףҪ£ϥӣȻ˺ڹĸԣ㶯ùˣǼɻ䡣
ǰµ棬Ҿ񼫡
󣬶
ûз鲻ؽ黳Ҳں㷢£ƾ޾ݣ˭ܽ˭˭ȥˡ
ںƻ˵ʲô
ȷʵÿնԹ˯̫̫磬ʢٲȻǵò㡣
Բʲôɢү˯ͣôھôڣǰѶöϡ
Ȼ⻰ЩҪϸȷʵˡ
Ͼʢһͷ֮ϣһ︯಻ͷ
ɣȻûʲô£ȥ׼һЩΪ̥ڲүˡ
Ըˣ¡
׼˱̥ȥҾѾûʲô£ллƣƽ⼸նҪõòʧ̥
лȣû£һӿȪ౨˵
ƵȻһЦˣⶼǳӵķ֮£ҪúЪϢտҪȥʺ￴
Ƹ˾תȥʺƳ
ƳҪȾõĿһЩҿŸûˡ
ֻƽܿĽʼղƳ´
ƿ˿ӷǹ˳
ƽܿŰȥıӰ˼
ƳȻ׵ܵܵ뷨ѣҲܺڣûдӦܶŴʧԵ
֪Ǽɻ䣡
ҹѵͲˣοˣݣ
(δ)

һʮ ҹ

ƽû˵ʲô˿Ƴת˹ȥ
ƳΣҡҡͷ˻ȥ
ȻǾģǲܷƳֻΪ̫ˣõġ
ƴӷǹȥʥʥŶͶ
һֱţҲʶˡ
ɱ˻Ҫ̫ůͣЩģשʯϣ˵ӲҲѻƤ⡣
ôȥһʱǿŵסһֻ̫Ҫˡ
;泯ʥţߵ߿һۡ
ȥʥǰ棬æӭѯʣкϢˣ
ǣͷĸĸƽĸˡ
޳תæȥȥ档
̫󻺻۾λҲһڱӣ鸣죬򡣡
̫æſͷҲһ
̫̫󣺡㡣
̫Ȼϲ̫ʱһжɼ̣˵ͷȥɡ
ǡ
һͬ뿪ʥ񣺡μĸ󣬼̫
̫ͷˣ˰ɡ
̫ɨϹŵĹ;˵Сãɡ
лĸ䡣
վ
̫ڻ̫ϣҲƽϹǾôˡ
ǽã˵ĻҲĪҪڴΪɡ
̫˵ӹ飬̫һۿȥֻ֣Ӳ
лĸ䡣
ͷ̫Ÿ̫ƿ
ǰУ˴Ůһţ漴˹ȥ
վھ߱û
̫ʮԸòˣǵСʱغʵȥ㱾ɡ
תּ
Σɫ԰׵ľȥ˳﹬
;̫˵ЩάĻ˻ƺͶȥ˳﹬
̫ص﹬ȥϢƺͶȺ򣬶վһ˫۳
վһ߱۾˯
һһΣĺľսҪ˯һˤˣǺá
ңŰĵ
һòףС̫࣬Ｘ䣬˸Ͻȥһǿɵ
ʱ򣬰ͷϢ
ǰ彫뻳УҪ񣬱˻ֵˡ
֪ˣ˯̤ʵࡣ
岻ЦվҲ˯ţʵ
Ƶû۾ʣ¹͹ˣӱĸذɡ
±㻹˵ĺã뿪һʱȥ幬ĸĸûѾ˶䣬±ǵΪֹ
ǾôûµķŹǲס
˻˵ȥ֪Ϊβ߻ϣ
ô֪ϲ֪£嵭Į
ס֪
磬ǻûҲǵĴ磬绹ǵãСʱȥɽףСĴɽϹȥǴ籧סǣűס
˵£㲻˵
Ƶ⣬¡
˶˵˾ڳ﹬ȡ
̫һֱҲҸˣ죬վ졣
Ȼй֮ҲѪ֮Ӳˮײ죬ϵǿŵ
ɫƣ׷ĸʲôʱεȥ
Ծ࣬Ҳֻա
һֱȵպϵ̫밲ֵһãȥ̫󣬰ƿˣȥ밲
ϵۿŷ£Ҳô
˿ߵˣϵ۵Ǻƽ
̫ûǰȥϣԸһ˳еϿˡļٿ
ϵۿ۰ƣ֪¶࣬˵ȥ濴ĸ󡣡
ȥ棬ϵ۵ˣ޲׷֮вá
вˣѳãҲա
лϡҪ£ϵ۷ס
ûˣֵֻܣպҪǣվˡ
֮£ҲһЩˣοǡ
ֻ飬Ҳܾš
˵飬һ֮ҲɼĳǸȻϣٰüġ
ֻһΣڶϣҲգҪ´Σ޾Ϣ
лϲɱ֮£ϵתȥ
ƶں洿棬һת뿪
̫Ϣ˳һȥϵ۵ˡ
̫飬ȥ۹ʣͲദΣ
ĸĻƤҲöģǰջС˹ǶЩЦ⡣
̫˵ǲͬˣҵŮӸǵУ걾ҲǼʶģǰңȴҸ嵨֮ˣܵô˲õǡ
һЦ˳̧ȥ
ʲôʱ㻹Цĳ
Ųˣ
˶ȥ壬̫һˡ
Ȼ䵽ϣȾ˼ŭ⣺ôҲͲӶˣ
һ£̲סˣĸϢŭסЦ⣬ʵǲ׼漸ּ١
˻̲סô
̫ŭߵĿֱ˹ȥɣ
屧ס˿ͷ
һϵ˵޵˵ҵŮͻǲɶõĽţֻѱЩٻ˼ҵĿҿ֮֮٣ЦǴ¡
̫ĸϵӣ˼٣ͬ
Ȼѱôˣˣ򲻹ǲǺ鷳ô
Щ°ͣô˵ġ
ǻ̫
Ҳ꣺򲻹ڼϰһջùƵǣƢŹ֣ѹ̡ܽ
Ǿʧˣѧѧһס̫ɨ۹壬嵭ȻһЦ
Ƴƣ˵ĺûá
̫˵˻Ự˰š
»Ҫģٲ鼸ɣǱ߽ȥӦţСӣΪɫŮϣϲɡ
ȥúõ.ǲɡ

ּ⣬Ҳ뿪ˣ˳﹬Ʊȥ鰸
ÿնȥ
εʥ棬紵ɹ仯޳͵Ѿˡ
һֱ̫
̧̫͵Ժá
ϣ滺żȣǿסһܡ
̫˰Ѿ˳ڵһ
̫ı˪һ㣬ɱ֮ϱ
֪̫Ŀ⵶һھϣᣬͷ
游
̫ȻͲ˵ʮ飬ϵҲҶǲ
̧ͷ۴ͣ游ҡ
ûкκ˵Ǽ飬Ǽ֮ȴ˾֪֪ΪΣ̫ʣҡͷ֪
(δ)

һʮ Ҫ

Ҫ޴ܶ࣬ԴӽϵĶֻǶ̶һ£¡
ǳɴߣ㣬ֻΪʯ
ڶ࣬ˣ㡭֪ᴳ
ס̫ȻȥĶһ£㵽ǣ㲻Ҫʲôˡ
Ůл游ſڵϣ
̫ٿ˰֣˽Ѿ̧˳ȥҹ͵ǰȵǰˣ̫˱ˡ
ʱڿд֣дֹʮֲ⣬⼸ձæ¡
ظ˾ߡ
˵Ǽ˸ˣı£ؿڣɻˣٲñĥ
ѾһЦˣҿүͦϲģΪʲôô
˵ڵ廨ͷ򲻹ϲ˭ϲǾԲϲˡ
Ѿҡͷ㲻ǵˣĺӾ͵ͷˣ϶鷳ġ
Ҿңһɣ
Ѿ²²֪˼
ѹأүôģӲǵͷô
㲻ԲţæŽиҽһᣬſڣүĲǳֻȥ
š˲ᣬæűžҽŸΣ뿪
ֶۣ˵㶫ҩڴ˯ˡ
ڴš
һʲôȥŲҪǱӳ꣬ͷҪȥдĲãְ塣
ǡתæȥˡ
뵽ԲԲС㲻ͷľɵ
ڹס˼죬尸Ӳ޶֤ϱϣϵʮֲãٺ»Ƿ޳ˡ
Ƴ˹ͷ˯˯ҹˬĴţȥ
һӵϢľſڵȺ򣬼Ůϲ⣬ȲȥҰơ
ơ
ȥɡǰŰŮȥ˵
ſŶβ˽βȥһ̲ˡ
üԶĶβһ꣬νҲͳԹˡ
׼һЩǷֳܿģβҲԡƽ
˵ѾҪ׼ˣİɣˡ
š
ŮȥһᣬƺͰҪ˼ˣҪ㶫
̣쳧еģҪעҪ죬Ҫãͭԣڸ֣ûҵƺûֶ
ҵˣڴҲ١
Űȥ쳧ѡˣ˼ͼֽ˵ǿס
ѡˣƵĺԺɫ˵طڽע
ռƻҪõط㵽ˡ
ָӣˡ
ˣô˼ؼ߶ˣѾںԺһطȥҪĶ
ĸ꣬ͷʱѾߵ˫§סףЩ졣
ſҡҪ壬ƫƫŲϡ
æӶΪ˿ƣʲôûһ°ƣ쵽ӡ
Ҫ
̺ˣǡ
ĹҲǵ۾ǵ
ȿȡſڽȥŰַſ
屳֣ʵʵؾأһֻŰƵ֣š
ûһۣǲҪ
ǲ⣬ôʲô
ڰƻǸӡ

šˣ壺ԷˣȳԷɡ
˴ȥעһһϦܹɣܻؽҲģûʱ䣬̫͡
ü˵
ɡǡ
ȥƱȥһ˳Է
ϻȥƷһ飬ƺ¾̫
ţòǻˣ
ƣ⿪·׼ЪϢƣղϴˣЪŰɡ
үм²֪˵ƳƵĿŹ塣
Ҫǲ˵Ǿͱ˵ˣϲѹ˿ġ·.
±סĲӣүȷڲڵ̫֣ڣ
üʲô£
㣬ˮѾʮûˡ
֮ǰ֪ӵ¾ЩҲٵ˵ģٲҲ̫ˡ
ɫһͣѰƴӴϱ˳ƿ
סˣʣ棿
Ʒۣ£檳Ա˳ŵģ٣
쿴ǲˣڴ
εүǺо仰˵ҽ߲ҽѵߣûУ
֪
˵깬еĸҽ

ֻģæȻȥҸҽ
ҽ½ţһƻţûʱͷ
үԽķ.ˡ
Ҳ飬ˣȥ
үҵǲҽֵ
ƿߵһ£ַŵϣ󷽵θʣλҽɡ
ҽӣǲһλҽǰȥ
ðˡ
ƴŰɫӣȻȽϱأϾ˯£ҽҿ롣
ǰǿű𴦵ģȴϸġ
ҽɫ΢΢仯üͷ
ĸҽһëԼ޷ҽεĲҽΣ
ˮðźʡ
Ƽװˣ룺ˣǵÿˮ¡
ҽΪѣҪٿ
ƻ˸֣ҽǳθϲˡ
ƵǲȣȥѾҪסĹ壬ȻǸ˵ġ
϶ôҽƣǿ϶ǲ϶
϶ҽӲͷƤ
ǾĸҽɡԸҽȥơ
ɫ˳ûãȥ
һ˵϶ˣһǸҽ
ҽȻܺڣʩһõĻᡣ
ĸҽףүˡ
һǰϸĿ˿æϲ壺ϲүȷʵϲˡ
꣬һžϲˣ
¾û
鲻׼ˣ
׼ˡ
ҽ˸ͷ æȥ빦
ţһãʲô˳ۡ
ƽ͸ҽһĿǿ˵ģģĿȥϲ塣
ˣֻǰĺίͷһࡣ
˿׼ģΨʼû׼ģҲ˼͡
˵Ȼûп׼ҽҲǾľˣүͣͰɡ
ƿЦĺϲ£ĺˣոո͵ģݡ
ǡ
æˡ
Ŵ˻ȥţŹϣȥƵֻۣʲôߵģ
үǸ˵ģƲкӾôҪ
ȻҪˡ˵ϣһסƵ֣ĸʲôƵġ
ƿȴˡ
(δ)

һʮ Բ

ûжãͷ˲ԣŰƵֹЩ⣺ѵϲ
Ȼǲϲ֮һҪտе飬ԼȴˣκͻϽĸΪѣӲС£֪ӹǻûȫӻ˵ǻʺ֪νֲҸطȥ
ɫã֮ΣɽŻ𣬲ƣ
ΣôôŤ
ƺҲûɽŻ𣬳ɻҲôһɡ
ЩҪƷƵǣܿžƳܡ
ص飬һӵˣôȥ¶̥ҲӲ
ϵõ飬һ첻ãָҪԴ
ʱ䣬ʱĺҲ߰˸ˣʱܴܲŶȥ
忴Ʋ˵ݣ
ᱣĸŮ˻˵ããȻˣ̧ͷȥ
ү˵Ů
Ȼ϶һ̥ǸŮ
ҡͷ檾ûǶӵĺЩǰ˵Ůط̫ԿûиסɷⱲӶȥˣ檿ɲŮ
Ů˭۸Ƣ
ţڴ죺ˣǴӹжٻʵ۵Ů޳ȥòҸССżңǻ϶κͣ˵һү
ҵǴ󽫾ʱүĴƣ
ʱүĿһ۶
˸Ůģүܱ֤Ǹ¹ɵŮӣ
Σ
żҪǸǰˣһǻˣ
˵үǼǵã˽̣Ҫǡ£˭֪ô
ܸҲǽκΣ
Ůòȥүο໹ҪŮ
һﷴùĿڲ˲Ȼˣ˵ĶˣǴ˼ҵŮӣżҲһѹ
Ǳ֣ТɴТ˳
ھ̫ļεȸ߹󣬼޸Ҳǰٰ۰һҪΪ޲
˲뵱ȻҪɷֳȥ簲˵Ů˭Ը⣿
ȥǻӰɣҲ˻ϣҸŮˣԱŮá
ӣҲʡȥ˺ܶ鷳
ƿȥ֪Ρ
ദƵҲ˽һЩȻǲ˵ûǸ¡
´󣬴Ӳ
ˣʲôӲ
òɼһ취ûˡ
Ͼ˭Ҳܾһ˵ģˣ
ЩۣŹ˴棬ѹŵˣæŻסƵӺǳ⣺ݵú
Ƶǲû£֮²һ飬ˣ⼸ҲûΪ鱼һû£ֻǴϹ˹ˣǱ뺢ûԵ֡
ү볼檻Ǹ˵ģŮҲ˵ģʲôҪԵ֡
ֻ³檵ǵĿɲ¡
˿˫§סſŵˣƣӣôˣǽ.ģӶʼ궯ˡ
ֻϧţ
룬֪ԻᱣĸȫڶӷɣˣҪĸ󡣡
Ź壬
ƲǺܸˣʣôˣ
ү㵱ҪӣƾüȻˣǾɡ
Ȼ𣺡Ȼ
룺үǾҪиȫ֮ߡ
ͷʲô뷨
үھѸ£ѾУƱػһЩ鷳˵һŹҡ
ңҪҶԽң
Ƴƣү֮ٻЩݣ㵱Ǻݵģ
΢У̫˽Ȿˡ
Ҫأ
㣿
彫뻳У˵ǶȻͬ
үǰ£ϲˣүܣ
ұӻϻҪģĶǻϺӣ˶Ҫ̫̫ˣĶҲס
ϿǶûĸƽϲŻ⣬£ûˡ
ƿȥүһı㣬ҵеͿˣǴ˶Ǹ˭ӣ
ҪģֻϿĶӣ£̫һ꣬ҵľǶ
ŰƵ°͡
ң鲻õģΨһģǻĸȫԱԸϰǰȡ
˭ƣñܻ飬ϹҲȻ⣡
§ס壺үϲӣǾɣүǱԲ߲С
⺢Ҫһ㣬򲻵Ѳ˵
Ͼ˭˭ҷֲǰȺҵûʲôº£׷Ī
ǻʺҲãҲã֪ȻᶢҵĶӡ
仰˵ҿǲŷ֣ңҪӾ
֣ڣ˭Ҳ˺ƣƵסͣ첻ԣ˫۾ŰЩӡ
§Ź忿
үÿŮ˱Ҫ飬ȴûҪôӣŮҪʮӣӶǿֵģԺҲá
¾㤺ˣ̫ƽ㺢ǻ᲻Źǵĺӡ
ܱҵԸ
ȻˣȻеġ
꣬ôͰɡ
ֱսƼҿʱҪѾе飬ȺҪʱү͵ȫĵطãҸڷŵţʲôʱ̫ƽˣٹ
岻ƾ֪ǲԸġ
Ӷģ϶ǲͬ⡣
ҲգҴӦˣ̫֣ȻҪ˵ȥģԸҲҪĸӡ
ɫ𺣬ưһڡ
ϵŭ̲ˣЩô죿
ֽ⿪үҪҪǺһЩ֣֮
Ӻڴϣӷ˫ɿŰ·⿪
Ըꡣ
үסˣ

ϵ˷ңɫһ
ƽһЦһԣүԸ⣬ˡ
ȥһ£˻ȥŻȥ
Ϣһ⣬̹
˯Ѵӱ·׼Ҫ顣
ջҪȥһζʱڸﲻҪ߶ˣȱǡ崩óȥ糯
ǳ۾ıһ¡
(δ)

һʮ Ϲ

ưǰǸҽһ¡
繬Ʊεǰ棬ҽǼææĸŰƣɫֽ
ҽڵϣ׵ˡ
үǳܡѧʺô˵ġ
Цǿס
ǱõΡ忴ǰùĸҽ㰡
ǡ
ҽæŹеƵǰҽһ£æź˿ͷ
ү
ϳȥ٣
ֱӰ˳ȥҽŵҽ³һƬ
ƹȥ棬ҽǹ档
뿪ǰҽǲŸ̧ͷŹùģǲˣ
ƱԺæŹϣ˿޵ĸ˵ƵģϹܼҶݡ
ϹܼҲ̲סᣬż졣
үҲ̫Ϳˡ
ͽҲڣ˵̷Ը²֪ĲҪ֪֪ľ͵ʲô֪õԴ
£˱ĸҽʣһӵ棬˭Ҳӵ¾һѵɱ˲Ѫġ
𣬸ҽ˸ڣǸҽԭᣬӣŭүˡ
ư߰죬߰﹬ϳ£ǻȥŰơ
ԺĴ֮ʮģĲֺ
ű·ϱ
߰һƱŴ.ĳԺת
֪˲࣬ס˸ҽǵ죬Ȼǻ֮ȥ̽˱ĸҽ
ҽæ뵽Ҫˣô
ҽһߣȰһҼ֣Ű˸ҽ
֮ƹⲻȥɴ˸ҽԺҽ㡣
ҽǸҽмߵģ˰Ʊˡ
һ˸ҽʱڣǺͿ˶ٴ򣬾㣬պҶȥˡ
һ£ܿƽϢ粨
ҲȹһµСڡ
ܸҽԴһ£ҲѾȬҵõƵá
һݹѼϻЩཱུģƤҲཻ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
ŷŰƵûסȥһڡ
̵˵ͷүҲ̫ˡ
ûĿһ۹壬һƬŽ
Щ꣬˼һУҲУ˼ϲģܼȣǺãרŰԴ⣬һ£ԵԲ
ϴּȥһҪѾӵϵ۵ʥּˡ
飬ΪҪ㰲ƽʱѾĳˣһ˽Ҫ
š
ƴӦ˷һ
νһ˳̫˰Ʒֱȥ
屻ȥϵ壬ɣĲǹͰƣжƲ
һߣǱƲ˸š
һ˵Ĵ۾תæ밲תȥŹ忴
߰ɣȻѾĸ밲Ȼذɡ
Ҳ£ֳЦ
.һ£ЧȻֻ˵ʱһЩһЩȫ޳Ч
ҪǳҲ
˲ϣүĸҹɿˣڹһᣬѧϰǡ
ûɵĿȥҲѧǣȥɡ
ϣѧϰǣ˳˵˵һʣϲ
˺òץƣƽʱڶ˿ܣѵýƣǧѷĻᣬŹ
ϵۺЦǾڴ˴Ȱɡ
лϡ
æŸ˸ӣһ޿ֻûȥ塣
忴ſڣˡ
Ǹ佫³çһǺã
ţƴ˰̧ͷͿˣĿһʲôʲô
ϣҪؽˡ
æҪߡ
Ҳɣˡ
üæ˵ϣº˵иˣү߰ɣ
ϵۿ۹Ȼ£˰ɣҲ¡
۰ƣϵЩ֣һʱ䲻ôֳӣ
ϵ뿪˸ˣεĿ۹壬תȥ档
׷˹ȥ㡣
꣺Ʋ
ס˴۾Բɣ´½ˡ
㣬˺öࣿŰƵ֣˵ŰƵ֣ߡ
ððʧʧģ¶̥
˲٣׷ʣôô࣬ǲԵ̫ˣ
ǿЦãȽҪЩ
ÿ⣬Ȼ֡
ǶͲˣÿճԵĶˣ͸ιһ㣬ӹʵ࣬ǰû֮ǰҰ⣬ÿⲻ˭룬ÿնܲ͸ιһ㣬ԵкһȦ
㣬ȻҳԷҲҸڲӪ
ĸ˵һǷӵʱţպ󳤲ˡ
Խ˵ԽȥˣÿմԵĺãǶԵĲˡ
ĸϣɽ亣ζò䲻ʹǰ㣬ԾζҲܲιǰ㡣ã˸á
˵Һ㿴ң޽Ŷã˶٣һؼң±˵˸ûǮү㿴˼㣬ֳˡ
̲꣬סԵĲùԵĲãƲͲҪѱӴȥˡ
Ѿðƺˣ˵ֳ򣬰̣
æ˵ĽӴˣ
Ʋۼ£ҪȥȸˡתߣһҪߣ°˶ˣæȥ׷ҲҪˡ
һеģߵı
ûñ׷ˡ
㣬ĪؽҲ˳·һɣҾ
Ҳ˵ʲôϲ߾ʹŰɡ
ҶβŵöβҴڣһѻסƣ¶̥ڵˡ
һ£ɫ쳣ѿ
СȻƲôϲ㣬һᡣʮֲãȥơ
βҲӣίĿ۰ƣŶβȥ˵ǰһѱĶβĿϣ˵ץˡ
βſ£ı۾
βǰˡ
ܿ쵽ｫƱ屧³
һԾȥ
ҲõҲãȥ
Ʊüȥ³ĹҹƵģһߵˣǵ۾
лƲǻں棬Ͳǽȥˡ
ƴ˸ߣ˿ɲߡ
ҲȥʵܲԵк㲻ʳԶٺõġ
˵ˣҲѣֻôӦˣɡ
˱Ŷβȥ˽ãˡ
ǹһ߽һߵСôƲԺһЩ
ﲻԺˣ㲻Ҳ˿۲ĳʳʲôʲô˵ȥŰƵֿȥᡣ
˲ǻ˵ѵˣֶֻϹһ˫ۣ
(δ)

һʮ ˳

˱һƲˣľˡ
һ
ȥˡ
˳ԷƳԵıȽ棬Ѿϰ˹ĳԶÿԣԵˣĳҪȽĳպãƸϲյĲˡ
ˣԵĺܿҺܳԣûԹһ
ƳſˣƲûԣ
˸Բˣרų⡣
佫û˵ȱԲŶԣɿӣûԹˡ
˳⣬ε֪Դӽţǰȷʵ˵ȣҲ֪ǲչ˶ڵʱЩˣߺ󣬱ÿܲĳԡ
ʼҵǳԸʣǳɻûпȡ
үƽʱûȣˣŸұϡ
ʹܼңܼ˵ĹأүܳԻˡ
˵
ɫʼҲ˵ĻദҲ֪һǲм˵ѵġ
⣬ȴݳӣ׹
ʱ˵ǹܼ˵ģŭ
˿ȥôʲôûи£ԵĲҲ
꣬ǱǮǡ
߰ɣԱˡ
˿ȷʵˣ˲죬ϵĽлת˻ȥ
뿪Ʋ˿ˡ
ţƣǽ컹ô忴ɫˣҲЩˡ
Ǿ°ɣջȥ
˻صȥ˹ܼңһţūţ·ϣǻˣ
һãȻôô

ҲƢ
ż
ܼŵù򵽵ϣһͷϴ
ֶɫ䣺֪ЩūţŸ˱ʱˣͿʼˡ
棬ֻҪʲôҲ͵ȥˡ
û뵽ǾȻ˴ĵӣҿ˿۲ķˡ
˭ĵӣ˭ӣ˭ūŶֲˣ
ŭŵϹֱܼ¡
㣬˭˿۲˵ģ
ܼҿͷүūŴˣūŲˡ
һ߹ȥ㲻ң
ܼڵϣæȥͷ
˿ȥŹˣⲻǺúõģҲûүαضŭӣҵĲˣҿ˰ɣܼҲΪ˽ʡ˷ѵġ
ȥ䣬ĿºһЩ㻹Ǵȡ
εƲƲ죺ʲô취²òͷ
𣬲ʲô׼ʲôȥұȥŭ
ϹܼӦҲˡ
Ŵת뿪
ȥ˵Ժӣ·Ϲ˵ʲôұ㲻˵ô֪
ô֪˳⣬ҳԲˣΪү¶ûУӹƶѡҲΣΪ޵ĺԭ˵ѡ
Ĳ᣺û£ǲԸȥʲô¡
ΪΣΪж㲻ȥЧңҲҪҺڣүѲ֪Խ˵Խˣˡ
һСѾͷ˵Ҳ
ѵ䣬һӣˡ
˻صԺ棬˸ӣһƽ׽ˣүһ£үذɡ
֪ԺӣҲǿ󣬸˸Ӱߡ
ǿԺ棬ǹӦоУ˱㲻ϲתˡ
صԺӣͣһ£ȥ
ӵϢڵŹȥҹүү𷣡
˸ûžʲôô棬һֱûôã
ү檹޷ùܼ˿ӣү𷣡ίĿŵϣȦת
뻳УȰ˵޹أǹܼҵĴѾǳˣϾǸűˣͱƽˣҪ
һĨˣСˡ

˱еǰ
˲ϲ˸Ӷѡ
һˣ˵㱧ԹԵĲã
˵ǱԹֻ𡣡
ͱ˵ʱҪйأ˲أҪ˽̵УóŶүӡ
ˣҶء˸ת뿪ԼԺӡ
űһѽԺ轣
޵Ѿͷ˲æȰ˽
ǲ鷳ˣ׷ʡ
ΣƷȻһЩҲжţôϲˡ
ǲΪˣ
Ҫ˽ҹأΪʲôˣֱԲѣʲôزʱ˶ˣ
ΪҲɵӣܼҼӿ˿۱ķˣڱָʹ
֪ϲʲôû¡
ӣʵˡ
ǲǻعȥϷˣһΪԽԽ
ҡͷˣȥûʲôӰүǰүһȥû˴Ҳ޹⡣
ү
˵Щ졣
Ժ⹬ЩãȻƤһЩϾǲȨȴȨ̵̵ǹ飬Ҳѹ
صԺӣȥҾԥһᣬ˵顣
ү˵Ҫ檲ʮֲãȴƽ
ȻҰѱαػȥԼˡ˵ſ㱾˵Щʲôκĸ
ЦЦˡ
š
⼸ӹУҪһע
Ȼв㣬ƻ⣬ˣԣȻá
ֻ뵽Խ򴩣עʲֻҪĻԴע
С룬ƿ۲õעⶫ⣬Ƿˡ
оҳȥϢԺⰢææ˽һƼæ棺ˡ
ʲô£ŻŵģƵǺˡ
ǶˡߵǰƲͶ͵飬ץˡ
ưûӦ뵽ɵѾͷӣҲ͵顣
ҡͷҲƳĶ֣һУǾˡ
¶ˣֻԼ᲻
ʣү֪ô
үûǴӽ˵Ĵ£ͻٻˡ
ûҸʲôҵö೤ܹܵˣ
⵹ǡͬ
ҡͷ취֪ͨүɡ
ǡ
˽֣˵˻ǵ˵ģѾͷǿɰġ
ſڣ˱ѹԼ˫۲ᡣ
ԶԶĿţЩ۲ġ
ſڣ˱ߣϺ¶ȡ
ƾ֪Ҫ˵ʲôʱ
ԶҲûҲʧˡ
תƲ׼ȥվš
(δ)

һʮһ 

һȥ˸ӣү
ɫأ˻ᰲƣ鷳Ҳûˣֲһֳӡ
ƿȥһ¡
˶ֳ鵱ˡ
ƵǲΪȻ֪ǲ߽ȥʣүˣ
˵ô忴Ѻߵˣɫ
ʣ»лô
ȻУ˲Ѱ˼ҵŮʲôˣʲôطǴһ˵òдĻûй壬ȴûй
ˣٹ͡
ŮӱȶصжҪйǵ飬ôȥ
οƲʲôˣ
ٲãҲǿţ
ƲСǣƫƫѡʱǲȫô
Խ˵Խ߷߲ƽĿŶ
ƻͷޱꡣ
ҲΪŭʱ
ɼʲô׵ģǣΣҪûȷ֤ݣƲǿô裬Ҳ׵ˡ
ҪڸҲˣػеģڿﻹлأǰַӶûˡ
͵˴ԺҪô͵ģȻƲĹͷӲҲӡ
£Ҳû˸ʰɡ
˵лأ˵ôŭ
ƹȥ˶ǰվſ񣬿һ£漴ɫܺڣתȥ˶档
Ҳûžͽȥˡ
ȥɣˣҪûʲô±ұźԺХߣڵҲŵòᣬ׷˱ܡ
ƸŹХ̧ͷֺֻ˵档
µǷһķƮҡ
б£żңżҪݲ͵
ңôǸҪǲɵ˰˱ùˣ
ر룬ˡ
ţ˰֣˶˿ϴʱһʮСѾͷСѾͷĲᣬף϶˺ۣڵϱţ˫۷ߺޣҪɱ˹һ
ˡΪƿƽ
ߵһ£Ŀûŭ⣬ֻʣµʱſʲô
ҳȥˮˣʱſڡ˵ſ
ƿһ۹ʶԺ﷢ʲô㶼֪
Ҳǵ÷ʲô£ǿƫƫԺĳˣôôɺϣ󺰣͵Ѫżֱޡ
ūˣȾҼҿҼҿĸˡ
ȻǹŮǲżңǿСӲͬϲ˻еġ
֮Ȼ̤żеģ˼αشӦ¡
ĸԭԸ޽̫ͻٰ̫˵ͣŴӦ˻¡
ȻǿôԸ
һ˵һ߿ޣҲΡ
Щ£æҲðˡ
壬ʣǺأ
ӣʱ˸һҲ֪ʲôЩ̱ЩƿңˣžͿſӴҼҿķܳץסˡ
ҲججĴӷģŭ˿һƣ˰ѿˡ
ôˣƲ⣬Ȼʲô鶼ûУô
ūȥ˳ۣ˴ġ
ţʮί
ҲˣȻ˳ǿ϶ͲôˣûѾʴˡ
𳤹ˣЩİԭҲûй
ԭסĶǵססһǲס
ˣȻǵá
ӣˮˣ
үƹʲôģѰ˼ʡ
֪Щ²ǵã͵ǱĴùãԭȼ޸˽ģɳսŶŮ¹Ѷա
Ȼʶмӣļ꣬ʣѴԺ֮½ƹܣ˵ˣЩǡ
þŮӲظ飬׶༪ˡ
ʲôְλԺǸʲôطǻʼҵãƼ׷ʡ
ͷҲô˵ܵĶǻʼҵ飬˵˾ƹǵģӷȻܸЩԱʡ
ǲңҲ
ԺԺڵ˼ǰǸܵģҲҪǣһ˽ģֻǳȻʶ׼ġ
ְλ˼ǴԺߵĹְ
Ҫ£ĸҲģ¾ͱȽѰ졣
˵ˡ
Ժرǳ졣
ǳôģ
үҶԳ˵Ľмӣôǳ檵ĹùãĲɣô

͹岻ԼͬȥһĨΣǲôɣ
ŶüĿһ۹
û˵ʲôһߡ
ɫȻȥǣҪ˵ǣɻûȥݼ
Ŷƹɡ
ͣΪʲôҲ֪·ʱ鷿棬ϢˣǻȥǱߣ鷿סһϾ˵߳£ȱʱ򣬾ͳ
εĿŶ㲻úõĿӣ´Ҳ࣬ҪǱˡ
üȥЩɸߵӡ
ˣǴҲûãȥ˻˵ɣֻ㸮˸˵飬ֻ´ãĶҲûˡ
ĿһߵĹſȥ
Ҳ˹ȥ
ˣŶǶ£ǼʡŰƺ͹һ׼
ߵļ׵磬ɫ䡣
ǺͶһĺãҪǲǱѳƽأҲƽ˹ŭ
Ժ͵
תˣȥŹ뿪Ȼ˳һʥ
յ˹ſھͿ˵ˣŹϷŷͷվڹſڣƿˣȥ˸ӣүϷˡ
ˡ˵ȻĿ⻹º͡
һԵİĿĿŹ塣
ΪϷŮģ˿
嵭ȻүģһǱߣȥ֤¶ȻıѾãĨڣӺ
ߣ
תſڣȥᡣ
ƿȥžͷҲֺ˵ˡ
û˵վһ߳Ĭ
һһܿƿȥȻǾ̫
̫ܿǰϷˡ
ߣҪʲôϷ޷
ѽ˵Ļ̫æȥ˵
ᣬŽ
̫޹⣬Ǻǫ
ת̫ȥϷ밲ɩӡ

̫ȥͰƣſڣ̫

̫񡣡æŸ˸ӡ
(δ)

һʮ ʳ

˵Ҳˡ
ȥǱߣһǰһͣ¡
ϼæةҲˣƺһ꣬ɲʲôͨˣҪİ˸ˣҪˡ
Ů밲
æȥ밲ͷةࣺɡ
ةͷ롣
ֻø˸ӣһͨڡ
ǰȥ밲໥˿ڹſڵš
ԾǸ۵ģǰȥ
ſڴŴ򿪣͸ϳһһ˽ȥ
ǰţƸ
嶼ڰĺ档
̫ĳ﹬⣬̫ѾʢװȺͷϵζҲתģҲͬһɺ
͹ϷˣȴæߵǰæžҪ񣺡ԹүԹˣλˡ
̫ϷܲϷŮ飬Ϸʹļףȼ˻̫ϷԵһͷײл˵ŷ֣Ǹ״ģǱƹģѹֹôࡣ
үҪɣɴºˡ̫ǰƣǸίĺӣ˵žҪ¡
Ϸɲҡ
̫»ûԭ򣬹ܲ𡣡
˵仰̫˵ӵϢү԰꣬±Ȼ˴ݺģȻĻ֡
̫˵˻ۿ۾̫̫ͷ
ʱһ˽볯
̫Ȼڸ̨֮ϣһ£ͷھŷﳯնׯȴȾŭ⡣
ϵۣұŻʺƳ
·վţλˣ£С
ƻ汻ŵˣ֪ǰǲ𣬲֪ĻΪҪսˣһҪ´Ƶġ
μ̫󣬻ϣʺ
һ񣬰Ʋŷ֣µ޼
ƽ
̫Ը˶ͷ
̫˵̫㣬ҪΪҼ
˵Ż̩Ȼ£˲ᡣ
Ǽʶˡ
ƽʱͷؼʱá
ǵ۾
̫ȻʲôʱˣôºͶ޹أ
̫㣬Ѿȥˣ֪ôʱû̫˲ᣬʮܡ
̫ϵķͷߣԭ룬ףܼ޸պú÷֣Ǻһ벻á
̫ĺ¡
̫䣬̫æ˳ȥӹ£ϳ
æߵ棬ȹڹ
ΪɣһǮ̫顣
лĸ󿪶л
̫δᣬš
ʺһۣĸΣϵۿȥϵҲ޻
·ľ̫лҲû
̫̫̫ö꣬ϳ㣬ϾǶĸԹñҲߣʱʮտ֮գʱҪȥ˼ȴʱȥʥ˼£ɷ
л䡣̫˸ӡ
ƵǾã̫Ķˡ
ʱ̫Ӹ̨ߣʺæ̫
ĸЩƳСġ
̫ƳĸΣߵ̨·͹ǰɿֳŰ񣺡үǱ°ˣȥʥ˼£ү
˵»ûг̫ϳ̿֡
̿ʲôǱĴûаź¡
̫ſڣȥôûٲͲҪˡ
ǡ
æ£ȥˡ
̫ȥˣŹ˵֣Ϸ˰ɣʺ󰡣ȥ
ǡ
ƳתȥӣһˣʺʹãʺУôûʺȥӣ̫񰮣Ĵмˡ
Ҳãưȥɡ̫Ըһôأô
ȥɣôĸã˵ȥӹ¡
̫Ҳû˵ʲôת˿Ϸ
̫ɡ˿ɲ
ְһӣĸ롣
̫£ŹҲڡ
վһߣ̫Ź˵˵飬˵˴Сɰ˵ģײ˰ƣ㲻˵ʲôˡ
ﻰ˼úܸߣ˵û̫ˣƤž͸ȥˡ
֮ܶǼʶˣ̫Ҳз˵ʱ
ûſͶˡ
ǽ̫ſſڣͶһ
һôˣĶˡ
һƲôˣµʱ˭
ֻϧ˭ˣû֤ݣҲܰ
μĸ󣬲μϣĸʺ
ȥ£š
̫ȥʣƲһ¿нͣ
ĸ󣬶ڲ顣ص
Ժǲ֪ģ֪̫ѯʣĿȾ˼ֵ
̫һǻʼҵѪ̫Ҫ缺ģӣҲҪġ
ھͲϲˣ˻ᴳʲô
յ飬˶׵ġ
ֻ䵽˳ûиǲˡ
æĸ󣬶Ҳֲܻ֤̿ܶƲԺ洫ææȥͿ˲ĴƲŻˡ
˭֪ƲҲ˳ͬ
ôǼȻһϵģ˷Ҳˣôģ
̫һѪԴϬ
Ҳ֣˵ǰպͶȥϷģɫˣ˸Ϣ룬⵵ӵ飬˺еʱ򳤹ҲպŶȥġ
ƵΪżôԵ۶ӣǾñ˶ɵô£
ҪƲġ
̲סȥһ۶壬֪ôģ
ͷһԲ
ƿ
޿ħǴһֱȥ
˵ĻҲ޻˵ˣ»Ҫһ
̫վһ˺
ƶ޵£ݲӦժȥλУһ棬Ѻ
Ȼһס
лĸ󡣡
ߵлæſȥ̫󣺡ĸ󣬶ûС
ûףԣ̫壿̫ѯʡ
̫æŻصȫƾ̫
̫ȥϵԺȥ
ǡ
Ѿߣæס·
ûɫ԰ס
ˣ̫򰲹үˣǱҲǼɵֵģ±Ҳܼ֣֪βܽ͡
ˣŵľ㱾ȥҲӡ
ңտƾҪûȷ֤ϴҲƲ
ԣǿ¸˭죿
ɫߵĹˣ˻ڳ֮ˣָָƣɣ
һȻ
(δ)

һʮ Ů

Ʊѣһ̫˫ڴ۾һˣƲҲܿɰҪȥ鰸Ҳܱ
ƹ½ּ
ӳƸŹ빬
ס
ƣҪСĽУϾ¹غϣܱ
лɣƿɲãִ˽ˡ
ĴͷڰƶС˵Ϊ˲ֻϲŮӲظҪԸҪ
ƿȥͳн飿
ûʲô飬ҲʶµĻû˵ƵǾãϵͬ
İɣ֪ˡƺͰ˵˻뿪
ƿ꣬žȥʹ壺үô죿
Ҳû취£ûͣˣĲþҪλġŻƣһꡣ
үѲҪˣȻһƴȤ
ҪǸģͻؼˡ
ǿɲһүǰ
ǰǰһʱͿĪҪˣҪѰһģһߺЦ
̧ͷȥ壺Цʲô
һҪȶλǸλã
벻ø˹¡Ҳһɡ
Ҫ˵ɱȨڡ
ǻϣҲҪɱ˭ȥɱ˭
嵹ǺЦȥɣ˵ڹŵǹڻǲǣ
ԸеģϾǸطǲû¾͹µģͳߣˣҲҪǹţ.Ȩ໥صģǿ˫ϥǺĵطǲܹ£ֻܸĸ˹£үү̣ʲôģٲȥʱ򣬲Ż¹ģ
治ϰߣҪȥĸ߸ߵĵطȥȥ˹򣬳檸ӵĲϰߡ
ģϰ߾ͺãҲϰߡ
˯һ»û뵽취ֻϢ
صȥҩ滬һͼֽȥ´죬ƲŹȥ
ʱͥ䣬ֻжſڵŰƺ͹塣
ƴһ£һ´磬ѵòôۡ
°׵ĵΪһţһĨƽ׽ˡ
ƽʱʢ˱ĶҪɬࡣ
ƸŹߵǰƸ˸
רעŰƣĮ֪ӦüǸĽһ

üأǿأ
ǫˣʵŮӶһ˭ҺԺֻԭȿֹµķȴһֱЩķŻᵽز
ת˶վ˵ۣ¹ˣȥĸ󣬸˵ҪȢ
ľ޿Ѿˣҿˡ
Ҫ˵ףͲţĸ󲻶ġ
ߣ˵ǱҲˣȵˣĸ˵ҼѾˣȴûϢĸżľ޿ָ硣
ҲҪ޵ĻϲУҿֵӣǺѣ
û˵־ͲܻϵģǼȱ
һ꣬Ǹ˭ȥأҪһ
ûйĥ䣬ȥХ
Ŷţ⻹ˣһǶ֣һǶĹʲôˣһֱûߡ
ƽŰߵǰ¼
Էôȥʣҡͷ
ȥĺŪԵģɰһһЩǸ֣һٲԶûţǶû̹ڳԵĵģǺ˼ͺ˼᣿ɫܴĲԸ⡣
Х˵ɤԭûô󣬵ڴĹ̶
Ĺشȱռ֡
ߵߣίˣѾ飬Էˡ
Ҽҿأɰ
Ϊѣ취ȥҿǳΪ˱ҲΣҪˡ
֪ڶ˶ί˶Ʋǣ˵벻飬Ƕ˶Ыÿǣˣ۸ǣˣֳ£һȥϷˣǿڼǽ֦Ҷ޲谮ͳ˶ˡ
Ĵ󺰣ֻܳĬ
˵ү㿴ԺŮ˶ˣ鷳
ɫһûҪȢ˵Щʲô
Ʊģ㵹룬Ѳֱͷţڶ̫Ϊ鲻Ϊȫ
Һ
ȻӲ廹Щˡ
ƿ˵֮ģ¿ɼȻᷢ¡
š
ƿڵĶʱе㺦£Ƶ˼Ҫȥˡ
ʵˣƲ˵ȳԷӣһЩҩˣҪʻ
ǡ
һƿӸƿŶȥҳԵģȥХӡ
ŰΧ˿ҵڴϣϵǺܸɾΧʲô
üүСأ
ӻ˸ӳһ£ü᲻ѵһѵβģܾöβԺһ˲˵ĺûʲô
ɲЩǸӾΪС׼ģƫƫС档
ֻҪڸȻ֡
ûжãСȻ˽˱ŵҪ׽βܵһûץõ
˹£һȦ
꣬˭˷ֲˣ
屧βһ۶βצӣ࣬űȥƣҪˣϲԡ
Ҳû֣˵ûпɵ˽
β뿪Ļȥתƣתһ뿪ȥ档
ûãˡ
ƿβӣҵʲôſվתҪߣƸȥ棬βǰߣƸ
ûתתȥת˶һԺӣſϷ֡

ƿ˿ſڣӦǾס
ԺӿɣС磬óԺӵıĲá
ƿ۶ββȥһӣȥ
ƿߵĹ͹ţû˳

һµŮӴ˳ŻŵҪܣƵˣæŹ˵ϡ
ū澼үһš
ƿʲôˣ
Ů졣Ȼ˵
߶²ƿ۶ββȥ棬Ƹ˽ȥһһ߽Сз֣ɡ
(δ)

һʮ Ž

βŴεˣһȥ
һۣȥ˴סӡ
˵룬βȥϣצӰѱһƿи̫İ񣬰ȥһָָۣɡ
˸ˣǲЩġ
˴򿪰˸Ʊֶҩģżȥ
ţ˵һ־ҩ
û˵ʲôϵĶβ
Ƴȥ棬ԺѾεĴ죬ֱӳȥˡ
βλصХ󣬽ȥܿ˵ҵ
ҵβצģ̧ͷĴ۾Űƿ
ƶ£ϴŵڵϲ˲š
һģ
ƻͷһ۹š
ȥŰ˰ơ
վ̲סˣΣ֤Ϊɣ
ƺΣɨɨ֣˵Ҳ޻˵û˵¾Ƕģֻʶǲһġ
ַڱסʱǺԣҲ±Ըе
ҡͷǳмӡ
ƴ˵סīֽŴѹ
ͰƽˮѴѣҩ顣
첻˵˵㲻˵㽻Ժ֪ģҲ㡣
𳹲£㲻˵ûµĻҪʲô
ͷ޵ˮ
ǷҪЧҾɣʲôˣ
˵ȫҶҪ
£Ӳˡ
ûоҲ
Ҳ˵˱ʣдһ¾㿴ɡ
ưҩ͵ҵ¼ȥ쿴첻ʣЩô
췢Űֽ֣ǲ
Ѱֽ£ɣҲãܿˡ
ϣε£Ԫ϶ˣΪܵùҹ
ѪҲҪȥһƽƤġ
̧ͷȥƣò˱ȥд˸֡
Ҳд֣ǹ塣
ţһҪúõû뵽үôģ
ƿȥŻŮȻ鴫һѾ߶үˡ
Ҳ˵һ£үûɶá
֤պãϰϡ
հ죬½жҲ£ӣߵƶԱ£Ƹɨ迴
˵˵Ʋ֮ǰ飬Хʲô
룺ûʲôȱʲôʲôȥҵģܼҲХˡ
ҸģԺֻҸģźѾͷԭԴӿȥԷͰԺ˶ˡ
Ժֻǣҳȥˮ˶ûȥġ
ƿߣȷʵѾͷӶòˡ
ίˣ˲᣺ҲǵҲڵʱҪ˵
ҡͷûͳ£ˮ⣬ʲôطˮģ
С棬вԶҲͰ㣬ߣˮԺ涼һھеںԺеǰǰﻹһ
ȥ
ȥ棬æȥ
ƽаˮš
ˮѾϡˣӦòǾˮġ
ϸˣͰҲûС
ȻеͰͰԭġ
ȷ
ǰҴˮʱСˤһ£ͰˤˣŻһõģܼҲҼǵôˮʱһѹ۸飬ڳָǰˮͰһ㵡
Ѿˣֽдһš
ߵߣıʣдվһ߿ддһǰһģһģд֣ԼҲдˡ
պã֮ǰŹӰƵյͷˡ
Ʋ죺ʲôͬ
Ů޲űǵ£С
ŰƵС֣۶ʱ磬ЩˣҪȥЪˣһȥ˶ȥѴȥ̫ĸϣȽϱա
ǡ
ߣ忴۹磬ˡ
Ʊߣ۸ˣɫ
ü壺үųȥԺ
ջҪȥǮ㣬ΪǮơ
ȱǮ
ⲻȱǮǶ̺ƴʱǿн˲ƣ͢⳥ձˣڽ춼ǲ⡣
Χĵطղõ⳥ȻԸ⳥û޽Ǯ
ǮУ
ҲЩƣ׶ĹҲʼѾˣû깤˵ȷʵƴ
ʣүʲôô
ҡͷȴƲ飬ֻǵģ⼸ûʱƣƲ⣬¡
ƵСӣҡͷ£үܷģзִ硣
˵˻ȥϢһһȥ˴Ժ
ſڰţ˳š
·ģлͷ棬˵ǻʼҵĵطˡ
ʲôˣطͬ˵˶ӡ
Ҫƽʱ˵
ƵȻƷּ̫ǰ鰸
ּأ˵˺˭
ּ⣬Է˲תȥ档
Ƶ˰죬̫ϵͷˣҲû˳תȥ
صѾ磬Ʊɹˡ
º˲ˮ˯һ
ҹŻѾ˯ˣĴţȥϱס
˯ѣֳˡ
ûţߵſƿŽȥģ磬ûʲôˣԺҲ
ƽΧ˿ҵˮĵطһҩȥ
ˡ
صڼϢһ죬Ͼҡ
ң˵ǴԺˡſ档
˰ʱʼûȥ
ͿԼſվһɫˡ
ȥҲۣ̫࣬͢ȱӻҪȥܡ
ԭԤƵõĲˣŪӾҪͣ
µ˿죬ȥµˣǴԺˣ
üԡκִɫһͲˬ
ˣǴԺκִĽӰˣΪֱ
ֻ˵
£֪ʡ
κִɫβȥأ
ŶȥʣԺ󡣡
תŷԸš
Žգκִˣת˴Ժ
(δ)

һʮ ĳ

ȥϢƿſڰ·꣬ȥϴ衣
ｨһԡأˮʮСʱȵģˮͣĻ治ˮˮ·һЩʯڰʯŵ棬ϴʱԡ
ϲǳأհƵĻ˵ϴ跽㣬
ϴȥҰƣ˯ˣص磬ⲻ˲¡
¹˯ˡ
κִǴԺΪ˹ֱǵһСˣſڲߣضʲôµġ
˵ʱƷ˸һֱѹϣ˫ֱ˯
˵Щʲôƴʱ̬ӣֲˡ
Ҫȥ£˼ûʳʲôת뿪
ԡ£˶ȥ˴Ժ
ǰ˵ˣκִʮֲˬ˵Ժѡ
Ƶһ£ߵκִǰ˵Ժ鹸ߣ֪ģ֪ǣгر
һгرõȻ¶ӺҴԺĺڣʼҵĶׯڣκִŭӰơ
ƵȻһЦŴԺ￴ȥ
Ǻõģԩ˶ѣڶׯǻʼң̫ͻϣ鰸ǻ̫յġ
ʾ֮УǸŲӣԺȻǳλʼӵܵԺ䣬Ϳ̫ӻˣ
㡭κִµƿԣƿκִŴԺȥ
κִ˦䣬˽ȥ
ƽԺһ꣬ȥҩӵ棬ɨɨתŵκִ
κִӢƴκִģŴӳƺ
ʣƱȥվκִǰʡ
κִ쵽ãԭֻ˵ʱˣȻ˵Ŀǲ֪߳ܡ
ҴԺ£Ͳ»ŭκִͷ
ͷͦصİһκִκִһ£㣿
ͱ˵֮ǰодɣȴһֱƺɼǲ̫ͻϷģǻʼҵˣʲô
㡭κִʱӹòᡣ
Ǻ޹˼ɵĳŴԺȥһһ˵Ƿּ鰸ģǴԺȻǰʼӵĵطҲġ
еǣ֮ĪһԻΪ󡣡
κִ˵ֻøŰƳǰȥ
˵£ƲǼģȻϲҲòϰ£֪
֪֪˵ǰ档
鰸ԺȫϣȻĻֶ֪ġ
Ϊ浽ͿˣСһֶ˵ãȥԺˡ
ƣҪʹԺޣΪſڵŵ飿
Ҳ̫ǳˡ
ǰѰɱ£һ󲻺
Ȼ˲żüãõĴԺκִȻ
Ʊߣ˵ôŻʼҵݣ̫ϵǴԺӣ̫ںδ
Ȼֵɽ󣬾͵ųѣһԺסġ
Ƿֱйϡ
Ӱᣬ㲻ɣ
áκִģ֪˵ʲô
Ǹ죬˴ԺĵλúͲֱ֣ȥˡ
ſû˿ţƷԸӰˡ
Ժ˴ʱԲʣκִһǳŰ»ȻҲѡ
ƶҲ䣬Ŵ˽ȥ
κִȻжȴǸ޸֮Ĺ٣ʱĲᣬȴ
ƽȥη˰죬ηѺ˲ٵˣʶ
˰죬ǰҵˡ
һݵ棬ľͷţǱ档
ƿ㲻ʼҵĵطȻ̫
ƲƽӦᱼ
ΪһѺȻǽŻŮ̫Сˣ飬϶ǱŻˣʱû˰ֵط죬ڼҪܶټ尾
ƿͷ򿪡
ȥ򿪣κִҪֱƿˡ
굽棬ߵ˵ǰ˱ˡ
㡣˿޵ȥĶôǹˣǴ̶£ȴΪµҪ
ˣƿ˲᣺Ƿּ̫ģİɡ
ҡͷǡ
֣ôˣ
˵ͷԭúõģǿʱȻ˵ǽǱߣס˫ȵͷϥ治ˡ
κִ˵Ѿˣȷʵֲظ飬Ѿʹˣﻹпڹ
תκִЯĿڹ򿪿
ͷȥˣȥ˵ǰˣΪʲôҪϣ
ǡĿҵӳȥˣû·˿޵ĺѹ̧ͷ˫ײƵУ޵ֺףˡ
ư¥סѿڹҲֻһűֽʲôûԹֱˡ
κִѾȥƿ
һ޸֮ˣıס
ˣ췴
ΪѵĿŰζӳ¡
ȥҲʹʱıȣĲһˡ
ƿˣ
ȱޣѵʱҡ
ҡͷ˵ʣ㲻˵
£аκִȳȥ
뿪˻ǲ˵ǽﱧصĿޡ
û취˵Ѿˡ
̧ͷ۾Ҫɳˣ
ǵģ϶û飬Ϊײ˳ٴˣҲ֪ûʬʬڳءƱ˵
վ
£ˣ̾ϢŮطͬ⣬һͻɥ
Ҳû˳ԩʱҪ·ϡ
ӵˣ飬Ҳֲ١
ҳȥҳȥܵſڻţһ˵ǡ
㻹ʡʡɣҸ˾״ˣҪǲ֤ףҾ͵øᣬ㿴ΪܱѰãһֱûˡ
˵ףүǻʼҵˣҾͲˡ
үûҲûˣȢǣ
һת
ôôɵ
ƺЦǺɵ
װĺΣȴúܡ
˹ȻܿȻ˵һ˺ҡ
üû֤ݰ
ǵģһУҪΪҪҵ֣㣬ץô
ҡͷ·֮񸣾ˣ޶֤
ǻҺȵˮأҺˮҾˣÿûô˯ģ㲻ſڣϵĲôܵȥģ
ⲻʲôô
ɫѿ㣬ʵ
ţ
̲ס֪Щ¡
ЩƲ⡣
ǺͲ񸣵ĳ£
üô
(δ)

һʮ ۺ

˿˿棬ӻصƵߣ˿ʼᣬΪѹ˿˺һᡣ
һֱŵȵ˲ޣ˵μҷ棬Ȼң˵ϲҡ
ұϲңǲ֪ΪʲôͲͬƽʱЩϲ
ҿʼȣЩԳ
ϺһƬǲ˼ˣ֮׹
˵˯ˣȻ˽ķ䣬Ǽ£ΪǶûȫܾͷ˲񸣵飬ŻΪΥµ飿
ͷ˵ͷ
ƱЦˣ飬֤ݣһ֪
μˣʱʵ˵˯ˣμĶǶǲ˵ǲôֻϴˣ顣
Խ˵Խίڵ̲ס
˵дֽʽˣ˿Űѿڹдˡ
һۣһһ䶼ô棬һٶûС
ε鶼˵һ顣
ɼѾͷȷʵɵÿҪ֪ſڹһ˳ȥ˵ûзʲôԿηѾͷĽҲͻˡ
طķȻȫŮԵģ˵Ů߼˶١
һͻǧ˺ޡ
³̫á
˸αûʲôҪ˵¡
˿ڹˡ
濴Űƣһ߿һ˵ô죿
İɣû£ҽаţԷġĿĴﵽ׼ˡ

һãȻûзӦ˵ģӶǶû¼֡
ͣһ£˵úõģԷģϣ˵࣬ƭ㣬ҲΪ˶
ʱίһȥһ飬ֻʱ⡣
뿪ſڿκִκִָŰŰұЧҴǸĺӣô
ҵҳȻҵĸ֣¾Ͳͷ˵ˣǿȥɡ
ߣȳû£ҿԲ˶ߡκִָŰ
ת뿪˵¿ŵƲﻷӣΪ˼ٹ˽˲ʲô޷̫Ͻ
ǡӦĸеĵĿŰƴҡڵ뿪˴Ժ
ŰʽѰȥ
³ֱȥҶ
ʱվͥǰƽſ٩ˣʱ򣬺ԺĴˣܰݵĿҲ
ǻ룬ʱżȹϵ϶ġ
Ķ˶ֵġתŰƣתһȥеӣ˳ˡ
Ȼ԰ûʲôøУҲᷳ
Ͼ¶ӬԸɽҲֻһ˻ôˡ
Ƹ˸
Цŵһ׵ģ񣬶룬ǲҪƱˡ
⻰Ͳˣʲôʱƹ
룬ȷʵûƾʵݡ
ƿ˵Լˡ
˿ڹ͸ƲĿڹɡ
ȥڹ򿪿һۣһ¡
ŤͷŰƣô˵Ʋ
꣬Ҳż
óīֽΪ˷ȡڹЯ
룬ȻǴ򣬵ȫԿһӻ̣㶫īֽ⣬ԡ
˳ŶֽźͱīЩŻܳ
һֽһ˵һдֻ˵һΣҪǲܺúüסǾǶˡ
δ˵
Ƽ˵磬ھ¶ˮȥƲˮˮĶʲô˵Ķҩֻһֲþ.۵ҩôҩ֮ϲӲһֻ롣
˿̣ƲκͶһ׽飬ȱ˰źܽ⿪ӣȻתܳȥ
ҩЧպƲˡ
Ϊ溰ˣ϶Ю֣Ʋ˯ͷת˳ȥ
˱˿һжǺˡ
ǲ񸣵Ŀڹô˵ģ˵ڽţƲķҹģû˵滰һҹƲ棬ҲһڵģԱ
ûɵŭرǿ˵Ŀڹ
ʣòǸƲһϣ
ңҧսȭͷŹ
Ҳôˣʵ֪һжƭ˶ĿĶѣģ񸣵Ŀڹ׾ͿƷô֤ƲȻڻ¡
ֻƲ˵ˣûڶϣܸһֽ飬뿪ҡ
ʲô
渵ŹҪѱʮˬʡ
ܣôʱ飬պμˣȻһжֻĪеں
뵽۵һʱЩ̡
ȻϣǾˣƲҲͲóˡ׼뿪վ
˵ʲôš
˵ƲöԲû˵õ飬Ȼ
ܹˣûɵĻ СѾͷĵеġ
Ҳˣ˵ǲˡ
ɫһûС
Ǿˡ
Ҫߣסǻ㲻ô
תƲҲΣ

ûתȥ˶档
ȥ
Ϣ˰ȥͿͣһݵλˡ
ϸϣϲ˹ܼңܼϸһ
ǳĳܼʮֿ϶
£߳׼ЩʲôǳԲȥģ㿷ŪҲУһԷ
£
Ҫʣձ˵ȥͳɡưڰְѹܼҴˡ
ܼȥ°ȥ⿴ˡ
ߵ£һȦʣǳùأ
ҪǲǲǻҪȥԺȥк
ͳó˸ѶԸһЩ
ù˵ﻰϱľҪȥݷôùõģү˵ùæĺܣϲ̨ˣôùû
ΣϱɲǳŴùȥģϱҪ참ԺΪѶϱϱŻ²ߡ
ԭȥԺҪȥùⲻǣȴš
һ뵽ƽ³çŲðʧġ
ùңȻˡ
ϱǲʤϲ
м¶ϱҴùû뵽ùĵء
˵ſڸոͲǳǲˡ
ͺ£Ӳûȥ
Ƥǰ˵ǰڲĵĻ氲һѺ
ĸĪ⣬ֳһμʶ
Ƶһᣬﴫһֱ˵˸޵ŮüȻ˰
ǼʶˣͿ
ѵ˵û˵Ļȫ˵ˣ
ƿһʹԼʮҵŮ˴һɫĻ˳һߵȺʱκִæŲš
κִһΣոյĻ϶Ҳˣ㶯ûУҲû֣ǹˣ
ŰǱ߿ȥҲһ£żæ˹ȥų˸ӣϱĸ󡭡ŶǣǴùá
һ£òʣô˭ֲ壿ڵ̶ˣ
ù֪ϱֻϱߵˡ
һĸһǴùá
ոմùϱˡ
վڲԶҲ˵ĳ
ȻǺܻۺ
(δ)

һʮ ˬĳ

Խ˵Խҿ񶼱ˡ
Ūˣı»еģöûô겻ˣȥɡƿߵκִŰ˹ȥ
ǣù롣š
κִƣôͿʼҲˣողǻʦͷͿʼˡ
ƸŽţʣðɣ
һ£ֳųȥǺõģùãҵʶ
ʶԼʮֻ꣬ǿűȽһЩǸʮĸˣʵ䰲Ŀ⣬ҲʮˣűȵϵҪһЩĿ˶ٵġ
ڼһ£ûгκμ䡣
ҵںУ̩񰲵ʱ򣬽ͲôˣÿҪȥȥӪ߶߶һ½ʿǵĲҲû顣һ㱨
ʣһˣ
Ʋˣй¡
ѹô˽ⳤƢԣȻؼˣҪʲС
ô˵зˣʡ
ʵش𣺡ҵʼһˣΪһֱûңǰʱ䣬ϸϱ£ʶϱҪҪҵҵ£ϱЩӦȻӦõ顣
ҵչѾ꣬ΪҲûңί
ȵҳˣҲиչˡ
һ뵽Ժҵ˺ˣһؼҲ֪ôԣﲻ˸Ƶˡ
ϻܵͦģԼЩ¶ܲˣˣǳԱ˳ŵġ˵ȥ棬еˣͳ֮仹Щµġ
׵ǳ첻µزµƢ϶ˣں˭
˵Ȩϣôоô
˶ϱ֣ƺ˭
ȻǿܻʵۣЩŮϵȷʵ˵㡣
ǰǰ˿¿ƣ鰸ôˣ
شùãϱѾƲǱݺ
ŶǾ˵ǱˣˣҪǱ˻˵Ҫˣ
ǡĸΣŻ˭أ
ȻⳤΪ˹ȫֻǰѲ鵽˵һ飬Ϊڹûó
˼һ᣺ô˵Ǳ˵ˣǸĹˣ
ùã黹ûв壬Ҫô˵ˣϱ²ǶΪƲǶһ޵ģɼƲʮģôǶǲˣó˵á
˼ɱˣ˵㾡ӣʼҵ涼ˡ
ͲãԵߵȻջˮ
ΣҲֱ̫ˡ
˿ԣʲô
ˬʵĺæűơ
ţ֣׳־ŮŮңҲܽƣưɡ
ǡ
Ҳ裬ǲⱾ
ңֻϱڸС΢ûϱġίɫ˳
ô£ѵ⼸ϲϱҵŮˣԲá
ҡͷǵǣֻǶϱΪŮӣֻ㣬Ҳ˵Ĵ
ﲻɳӣողǻ˵Ҫôôһˣ
شùõĻʵҶԶϱҲǺõģֻǶϱ޸飬ϵڶҲûڸ˵²ôáƺ˵һҲ˭·
£һûʲôã˲ҪŴڽӴ֮ĸҪϸˮѲûͱˣõ
æ˵ɶһɻȢΪżҪãȢ˲
ϱӲһֱûϱʳѰҪȢϱ
Ƶģͷ̾
ԼëëˣҪһ˾ҪʲôﲻףɣƲ֡
ùԼǣŮӱΪºӣܾϱΡŬ֯ԣС
ҡͷֻ֪ĸŮҪ԰檣ȥЧңкβͬ
ʣﳤˣɻ鲻һ꣬ҪȢˣ
ùãҲүҪȢֻǡһ֮꣬
һᰲƣ̫ͻϵ˼.ǣ˳һᣬ˳ɻôҲҪһϵ飬ȢʲôȢô磬
ϱлùϧſġ
㲻ֹʱҲиɽ
һֺҲû׷ѡ
ͷһᰲƣɡ
ùԺ󣬶ȥ裡
򣿻͵ĲҶˣá
˵Ҳȥˣүԣ
ûϢǲ⡣
룺үΪ˽ڼ󣬸³ԵĶڽڼǳԺȶ̫á
ԭϱԲԲĺƴģܲԲϡ
֣õôԲˣȻš
ȥ˵Ĺ̺ƴ󣬹ǮõĶˡ
ô
ɻ˵Żſڹܼҽ׼ˡ
ˣŰɡڲͷ
ܼæųųʣʲôطԷȥҪǵ׳ʲô
ܼɣãȥ
ǡ
ܼҴ·ţܿſϵĲһƲЦ
ʲô
ϸϵĲһмˮģһӣһۣһЩƻƵĺ
Ϲܼ˵׺
ⲻǸ˳ԵģҲǲӵ»֪ġ
Ϲܼ˵ġ
⼸ָָļϹܼҺϵļʳ
ǲ˱ӣģǳױǸ׸񡣡
ƾûЩ
֣ʡʡǮ
Ϲܼûǰ˵ҲȲѵʱү˵ʱ򣬶ˣҾͿԳˡ
ûϢ˵ţҪзӣαڳЩת£˸ӳһڣó˹ȥ
ܼ̺ˣ¡
æȥ˲ҧһڣ»˵һǳԵɣү˵Ҳʡŵԡ
ߣκִȥЩԷ˳
ǡ
κִתȥ棬ƴСڵĳԱӡ
ȷʵôóԣǽζĳһϹܼһ߿Ŷģȥֲҡ
һֱƳˣ˵׺ϹܼҲһЩ
ƿùã㲻ԣ
ԣԲ£԰ɡ
ҳԱˣһùòǳôʣ۷Ź⡣
Щ񣺡ӣ
ˣˣ˵Կֱ
(δ)

һʮ 

ùˣһű㿴˰ƣĿһ۳ųȥ
˸ӣ߹ȥ밲
ù밲幰֣һ˰֡
ɡ
ϵķɫһùˣôùѵһΣðѸõùãڣ֮ˣ
үûˣǸ׼ģˡϹܼǰͣ顣
岻ãҲˡ
ˣװǻˣǷ޻һ·ɫ컹ˣҲʶǷ޵ıԡ
ϷˣΪǺŪˣ
䣬ûĿһ۹Ͱƣתȥ
ոձְ濴ȥ˵Щʲôˣְȥĵطǵˮʳã֪һǴŪģ
κִ˵ȥһߣƺ͹壬ΰķڷ
ɨɨ·ˣҲڣǺ̹ĳˣϱǺʹùÿЦġ
ȥ£һҲ㡣
ȥ
üùãƵСŻҹο޿ֵģҪġ
ߣ죬СҪСͲڱǰſڴƻƣСǱûûĿһ۹塣
㰡СʱǱչˣ㴳ǱţˣűˣǲǣָŹ䡣
ţ˵ȥǴԺߵ̫ڿ˸˵лŲȥġ
˵죬Ҳ㡣
Ǳ㲻˵˰ɡ
Ҳȥ£һҧһڣüͷţõȥƣóԣԺҪٳԡ
ҲûԶ٣һƺ˵׺
˿ˣ˵鱾ܣȻǱˣû֤ݣˣձĹأͻˣǵʱ䲻࣬ץɡ
㣿
ŹȱǮ
ùãȷʵǮǮޣҪһ֣վǽǰҲкܾá
⼸꣬һֱ˰γＯѡ
ǾʹӻʼҿʼɣյĲΪԺֱ˭ǿѵõǵĵطðײá
պȥڵʱҲзеĻûаװҴ
Խϲ˵ȥĻ
䶼ôԴǣ
κִȥ¸ͨ뺣˵ȱǮҪæǮ
ùáидġ
۹壺㲻˼Ǻ˼˭ǮԺȥţһΪ˭ɾǾ͸ɾˣ
ǴùЩٺ»࣬
Ǳ飬ܰİ£εӾ͵ǸƵļˣҲţʹǿɣǳ٣
忴۰ƣ˵ԭӲȱϱӹ󣬸ǼǮǮеģȴҲ࣬ȳǹʱ仹ǲϱٱ
üͷ˳飬ô
ˣǸöүٺ»࣬ʹ͵һЩҲܻӣܲɽգԴ̵㼸ӣ⡣
檶ҪʲôˣԸʱգǮ⡣ˡ
ɫ΢ɱ˵ͷɲ˼ȥӡ
ү檾Կ԰׬
˵ʲô
˱˵ˣҪȥѣ࣬õĳòƲ㣬ȻȥＯӣǵȱٳôͷѪ
ʲô˰ñ˺ǲǣ
˵ˣƿ뿪ĳ̲סЦ
ûһѰƵıӣȥ׬ӡ
ƳȥͳṬ塣
һֱ뿪һתȥ壺үǻȥжӣ׼
ӵˣոտӣΪˡ
Ӳ࣬Ҫܼңȥһ£жӣ
ǡܼҶۣɲǧǰܼҰ
ܼ˰תȥſڣŹȥ
ô˻ȥʲô·ϣŰƵ
ȥӵ飬Ǯ࣬Ҫ١ʵ֪ͳ¡
ӱǶ࣬ÿεõĶʹͣǰʹ͵ĶӣûҲиġ䡣
ƿү˵˵ĸܾӣ
֪Դù˵Щ࣬ǾͲˣ࣬࣬Ȼڳ͢úãõĳġ
·ϣѸҵ˵һ飬ƳȻ鲻
ӵǮˣ참Ӿˡ
˽ȥҰӵ飬ݣжǲ̫Խ˹ܼҵѯʣ˲֪ӻʣ
ƿڶ̫ʦ̩ɽźȲĹ壬Ǳ˵ˡ
ǵ٣ôҲҪ󽫾ûǮҲܲ裬Ȼ˻ġ
ƣǶ٣ƽǺͿǺס
˵Ӷ࣬򡣡
ţΪ򲻶࣬Ҳܶ˳ϾļķߣǽҲӡ˻һƱסˣŷӦ
ûӣʲô裬Ҳûˡ֮ĻʱҲûС
˵ôǮа취
˵갲ŹܼҷԸȥвܽȸ;ʦ˵Ϊ˶ҪǮʱûôӣȽһ㣬պ󱾽һҪٻǡ
ǡܼæȥ죬ҲˣбأźͿʵһҲͿ
ȻǮǾˡ
߰ɣȥӵ¡Ͼᰲƴ߾ˡ
ߵſʰҿ鲻볤ǲǡ
֣ȥɣҪＯȥˡͨ죬תˡ
վſƣô¡
ŰƳţһһʣƾô棿
үˣĶǺãôСˡ
ǵ˼񶼿ĳİƵ
ƺ棺ֻǺ档
֪һЩôʱЦ˸Ŷı顣
ϴ
ûһ۰ƣˣһ߹һ˵
(δ)

һʮ ǲ

ԭȳȵãȵ۵ֵǵǲ٣ǺųԳȵҲûá
ɣǻ游ŮĵһŮ
˵Ƣ뺷еȺҺͳס
游żȻҲż
ʱʮ꣬ʱʹ
ʮ꣬ȻƲѿòǺõġ
ԹӢ۰ˣȻԸ뺷ǰȴ
һι룬ҲС
ʱ򵱽ϻǻӣ̸
游˵һ䣬Ϊ֪˭ҵĴԸ׼ҡ
˭ҲԸ⣬һߣˡ
û˳
游ָ˵һ
ʱȻǻʵۣס˻游֣Ű
û˳ʵŭ
ڴʱ£˵ϲѾá
һȻһƬ
ǻҲŵˡ
Ҫ֪ǿ׹ùãֵܡ
Ρ
ȴġ
游Ǹ˵ģΣԸȢŮˡ
⵽ķԡ
һݵ⣬ֵĴңٹٶİ£˳Ϊ·
ʱ򣬳ϻ㶦ġ
̫ˣԪϣݡ
£󱻲֮
ڽϿȥϵĹʱ档
ʱȻӢӢۣȻҲᶯġ
˵һδһеġ
˸˵ףʱ򰲽Ŵȥˣ֪˭˵Ѿսɳˣҹѹ£޸һλ
Ҳã󳤹¶Ůɳսˡ
ЩƣϾùá
ʣҵأȢף
ҡͷʵڴùó׵ĵ죬Ϳˣùһֱɣ˹ƭģиһֱڻĸҲǼɵġ
ƺȻͣ£Ѳƭùõǻϣ
ûأȻǻϻǲ˼ΪԼҵ
Ҫ˵°Ƶֻ֣ۣҪҪ˵
ʣҵأ
ǾͲ֪ˣ˲һ갲һźӵŮӣŮģ˵ûסƺ԰˼ˣʹ˻·;˺ӣƵġ
üҲ̫ˡ
ǼģƳƣȻ岻ģҲϣôġ
˭֪ءŰƻȥ
ԡϢ˰ȵ˯һ
ڶһ繬ȥ糯ȥ鰸˳ȥļ衣
ԭȥĹˣ˴Ժ
ڣڣйˣˣСˣĹˣүǵļҲˡ
ƽţȥкȥҳġ
컹ӣϸ۲죬ǲǺüĿ飬ϸȴûС
ƱЩ꣬ǿ˶Էˡ
ˣⶼˣôƳ
ҲϾѡ
ˡ
ˣ׼ˡ
ưѺһƱ£˿һκִ¼Һһ
ȥһߣƱ鶼ġ
ΣҲ̫ˡ
˶ʮҲ١
ةฮӾ͸ҪǮƵģȫ˹
ӣȫŵһǰ͵Ǯׯ͹ȥȳ乫õʱȡ
һＯӣǮ㹻һʱˡ
˶˰ڴԺȲ裬м䣬ŵġ
ˣ̲סʣùãҵȥʶ
ʶѵһĺˡ⡣
Ƽʣ˵ҵˣ
ǶǹȥˣǱ
ôʲôʲԲʡ
ӣû󣬾Ǯһ죬˵Ҫ衣
ɨɨ뿪˴Ժ
ŹſڵţսͽֹģԾ͵ʱ
˶ۣȥ
·˵˻ȥ
죬һֱھӡ
˵İһڷţƶżˡ
Ӳˣȥ
˰ӣˣرǸ졣
һҧƲݺˡ
Ĳ࣬ҲѾˣд˷ŵС
ϵۿȥ̫󣬻̫Ҳ˹ȥ
󣬺ԳӦƣκִƹ壬һ˽
Ƶʱ򣬶ϷҲѾˡ
ҴкúɫĶסˣн볯й֮ȥ˺档
λ¸ص֣ƣԼںһ˼顣
˽ŵҪס֡
¹ϵش֪ίҲû취֤׵Ψһ취ô죬ǵ֤ݾ⸱ӡ
סͷš
վһԣɫãʼɡ
λæȻǰ塣
ǰ˶ڵȺرǶȥĿź
֪żˣʲôȥˣɻжʱˣἰ£֪ߡ
Ĺؿ󰡣ţ䶼ûвǣ
̫ʢˣ·ϹϾȥ񣺡֪ˡ
°ҿҪɡ̫̫̫Ҳܻһٶ
Ϊôãʹ塣
ô֪ҲûЩһ
һᣬλִ񣺡̫󣬻ϣ̫ƲŮ
̫һ
Ӻ̫ɡ
̫ϣȫȻȥᣬȥĶȻúԺֳôĶ㻵ҴԺվ㸸ʺúýѵѵ㡣
̫æˣ֪Ƣã顣
鲢ĴҲ֪Сغʵģ±ȻĻġ̫Ŷӡ
ȥĿ䣬̫Щɵ˻ȥ
˵ʮѪƤ˭Ҫǵ飬ˣ塣
̫һΣȥ¡
̫˵㿴ʮĶɣ˽ġ
Ǿʹʮɡ
̫ӳǸģ̫ۻ̫Ҳûİ취ˡ
˽ţѹڵϣ߰
˴ӺǵͷģЩ
֤һġ
ſŶһ£ڱܷӦæ˹ȥƿ˴˵Ĺˡ
㲻
һʱѻȸ
ӵϱæʣү
ˣЩ鸴ӡ
ôŪˣԭԲɵˣǲǣǲˣ
(δ)

һʮ һƷھ

һЦˣĵЦǺЦЦ
Ȼʶʲôͷϵñӿˡ
ƿһУȥǰ˵ĸ󣬻ϣ̫֮ǰӦƲֻҪ˵࣬Ըּ顣
󵨣ôӦģ̫ɫá
̫ҲָָƣǲǼöˣ
סڡ̫ǻӵģ˵һٸԣ̫˵һԡ
̫һߣˡ
̫Źƽ̬ȿŰƣ⵨̫ˣôģ֪ô
Ƴһ᣺Ӧˡ
еɣʲôʱ˵
Ҳûгɣȥ£ĸ󣬶Ҫ롣
ĸ󡭡ӹˣ׼
̫ε˭ҵĺӲܰ˾ûˣƲ֪είˡ
ǶͿ֪ܸĪɣ͸һλɡ
ǣ˶ĸϲģ֪ģĸȻûгȥ㣬ĸȴĵʳѰĸӦ㣬Ժһٷˣ˵òã̫ˡ
ҡͷ䲻϶ԷѾ򣬶ھǣֻȥϣĸĸϳȫ
ĸĸϣдܺ롣ϣ忴ȥҪ顣
λ׵ȫҪ룬˵ȥඪˣ
ǰĸ̫ϣΪ벢ܽʲô⣬룬Ǹ˳Цһʼҵ飬Ʋȷʵˡ
ǰ̫ףԵмǴ²Ϊ⺢ˣԭҪȥǵ뷨ʱһίˡ
飬ֶ
ǹ޸ܡ
̫˵˼Ҫ˻顣
ĸ󣬶֪ˣĸҪ롣Ծɲϣ۹ǰˡ
˶
һ£ͷôеô׽
촽ίޡ
ҸϵʱֵԲݹᾣͲȥˣȱ㵽ԭȵӣٻأΣ
ȻҲˣϲҲ岻ôͻȥǱȥ
ʱĭҲܰ
Ử۽ǣתͷĸĸ׼
ˣл˵ȥˣѾ˲̫ϵ۲ʱ̫ܡ
ΪһЩӣ̫ͷ
˱ЦⱾǼ£ʵϵϡ̫ΪȻȻ϶˵ȥġ
Ҫ˲ϣ˱
˵仰
˹ȥ˺棬ƿ۹壬Ҳ۰ƣºЦ
֪ע⣬ȻƲˣ鷳ˡ
˱£ȴϡ
ű˸ط£ΪʲôôҲ˳Ʊסˡ
ЩţһֱŹҪס
˶˿ȥү
ܺ룬룬˻Ц
˿Ź񣬹᲻÷ſˣΪʲôںܲЦô˵Ѿͷ¡
Ȼ˺ܺƭ˻ͷˡ
ǺðɣҲ룬ҡ
ס§סϵˣʲôֻͬҪ뿪ǱĴôߣܶסЩ˵Ŀڡ
˸ںס˭죬ȷʵΪѵӣҲֻܵͷӦˡ
ðɣҴӦҲȥסʱ䡣
ЩãһͲϣõˣĪȥ
Ҳȥ˵ͷɫá
汻۸ˣ˹̧ͷ
˲˵ЩģòһٵĵôߣҲ
һСôί
ǨЩ
ðɡӦˣ̧ͷ
ģ
š
˳ȥ¹泯̫
ˣԸ£ֻҪȥСסһʱաֵ
̫ͷȻƲת⣬Ǿͻذɡ
תһĨʢˣأ
̫ʲôͿˣ԰ꡣ
û˵Ϸ̫
̫˵Ʋ˴ίʹȻǲǻʼģǲͬϸɡ
ǡϵۿ˿ˡ
𣬲˿ΪһƷھϣƲãΪʼҿ֦ɢҶϵ۵Ȼ
һãȻ֪ν
лƲѣл
²λ˵飬ʼ棬ʹļףñΪժλ
Ȼ̫ΪϹᣬѣס
Ҵضݴ֮λɡ
˭ã˭
ڲ񸣺ʹ죬ʵɺޣųնɡ
δ˵ѾǺĴˡ
лɡ
ϵ˵л
(δ)

һʮһ 

½½ӳ﹬׼Ϣ۵ȫۡ
˴ӺסƵ㡣
ƻͷˣƲ
ĸѾӦҿȥ˲ȥ¶ˡ
Ҳףʱȥܡ
߰ɡˣֱӰ˴˻ȥ
һĸˡ
ƷޣжҲ˹ȥ
˳ưסĵطźȥźš
Ҳ˹ȥģϴš
ƻȥϢдǳԷ
̫࣬ҲԶǰųԣԵСס
˼⣬ǿƬٶԡ
ҳԺˣȥϢȶˣҡתסķ䣬ת뿪һơ
ҲˣȥЪŵģүŶɡ
˸ȻůǱߡ
˹ȥӲҵģʳζΣ
Ц֪ˣŲȢİɣ
Σϵ̹
һھƣ˲
ֻײҲѧϧǰˣƷв֪֪Ϊζ翴
ҵһУϲ㲻
ǶذɣڴԺء
ˡ
ˡ
ȹԺ˵ʱ򣬾İʮոմ꣬˱̧ųġ
æǰһ£˰벽ȥҾ
ָ̧˹һƣ˶סˡ

û뵽
ŭ𣬳ɤӡ
ûߣ߹ȥ
㻹ܸʲôŭ𣬹˶ľ
̧ͷŹҪʱ
Ѿˣȥ
ȥ۾Ƕ۾жޡ
첻
Եõõģȴһķȴ˹壬ģ
תȥ档
۾Ҳ˵Ҳ˵˴ȫѪ
ŷ־Ѿˡ
ҽ졭
͵ҽˣ̫ˣȫˣպҪ°̺۵ġ
Ϣˣ׼ȥ˵ģ˵ſˡ
ʲôˣʱ֣䷹ġ
ȥҰƣԼŪҪƸŪ
ڣƣˣ
ᡣûһ۹壬ֵ֪飬Ҫᡣ
ɱϲģҧЦаһͻ컬ࡣ
ȻЦһ°ƣתŰȥ档
ĸ꣬Ҫǵȵʱ򣬲֪ܲܳȥˣҪֳ
ܼұ߰ƹˣƱųţûд˼û档
ƸŹʮľӰѰŵòᡣ
ˣ̫ˡǰȥ˵סˡ
⣬˵Ʋûϴô
ƿȥ㵣ôࣿ
ô·ô
ǵģ¹ĻлЬӣ飬һЩ͸ġ
Ҽҿû£ȫĹͣ뵽ûʲô͵ģΨǹ˺ܶ࣬˵ûһҲͲ鷳ˣҪ
ж͹ļλˣû˵ĸף˵˵ڹҲˣ˵ȴһӶûС
ֻǲҪ̫زźáε
أѾͷǣ򿪿һ£ѾͷֽýЩߵӣΪ涼ʲôȥһۣбб飬пףرǼ۵ǴһЩʱˡ
̫أʱܻ¸ǾͲˡ
Ȼǹ⣬Ǳˡƽ˰ӣ˽ȥ
ڰһ£Ͼôˣܶ
û뵽Щ˵治æӵĹͶӿˡ
ŰһͶˡ
Ŀ۹壬ǣûԷɣպҲûԣһɣ
ôˣ춼ˣ˿϶ǳ˷ġ
治ǰСӲԣ
ȵӿԣˣʵҲһٷ
룬Ҳ˵׼һûüˮǶˣˡ
𾪰
ŮӹȻ鴫治⡣
ñ˵˱·һӷ·
Ժùܼȥһ¡
л뿴뿤֪ʲôطѾ˹ȥˡ
ڵĵطԭȰסıԺ֮ǰҩʱ򣬰ưһ
ûô˯̤ʵ˵ֻסһ죬ʲôãҪݳ޵ɡ
һ˵һìˣ˼ңȰȥס
ΪʮֲˬֱסȥŲڻˡ
ԺſڣϷ֣ի
פ㿴һᣬͷ
ƺ𣬿ɼϲĵطʢм㡣񣬰Ƹæ
Ʋ沣ͣӦΪϱƲǲѣҵҡ
ллķǽȥЩ֣ԹŮӸ뺷ǿȥˣ˼ܣǴҲǫѷ
̧ͷԺϵի֣־Ȼһ˵еˡ
ŷǺСѾԺ濪ˣƽѾˣҿһ¶ӿ˹ȥΧʶ
ǲǴˣˣȥǣҪϹãǹͳ嵽Ժȥˡ
ôˣԩˣҿϺͿˡ
ǣǿ˵ˣȥǡ
ԣ˴ԺȥҶǲˣ
Ժ涼ҪըˣβѣǲͬѰ
ҲܣƺǸͲ¸˭
Ҷܵ飬ƺȻȻˡ
ٲĹ٣ɡ
˺ܿռȨŽȥ¡
˶ڣͷۡ
ڰϹܼҹ˹ȥԷ˵ȥ˰ɣҿԺ԰ɣôˣȥĻ
Ǿ߰ɡ
ƷԸˣû߰ˣһ£ϵɽ亣ζĸۡ
(δ)

һʮ ڻҩ

ӶȱҪ취ȥ׬Ǯˡ
ǻһѾͷͰ˵
ҪϲĻǾɡƲ˵ʲôﶼˡ
ס°ɣĻʳáиѾͷ˵ƿȥҪʲô
ĪЦ˾ڰƵߣƿȥ˽ͣǰʱ䶼ӣǹƽʱ̫ǮȱһЩóЩֻڿöϽʡһЩ
Ҳûмˣ¸ǵٺ»ˣʱͺˡ
Ŷѹ֣Ҳ˵ʲôһ¾°ɡ
ҲûߵʱͰѾͷˡ
뿪žã·̫ˡ
Ǳ˲ˣҲͲȥ˵ˡ
ǳصǶŹơ
ôˣѺ·ŰƹȥͿΪԡվڱϲ
ΨϲƵԡۣÿζڵʵʵǵĶǶÿ
ʣŮǴԱ뺷ôķǲ
ͿˣŮ˵ǹŮǣϱǲö佫ģЩĹټģ֪ĻǾӶġ
ѹ֡Ŵˮ̨ϵԡߡ
æȥȥ
ƵͷŹߣȥ
ˮ廹Ҫϵ˿ȹȥ
αһĴô࣬ûˣ᲻ø
˯£ŵԵҺҪײ.ǹ.𡣡
ϲĴ֣֮ʲôǹ.𣬷֮ҪһЩԵñĸá
ү治
ĴΣ屧ƷŵʯͷϣȢﻹ֪ʲô
ƹסĲӣܼ֡
ϣƸȥ˶ϣ˶ʮ·ŵĽ£̧ͷƿһ˵ɺãһ꼾٣εˮӴˮ嵽߾ͻһУʱɣҲûа취εˡ
忴ȥԽҲ˽⣿
һЩϾкִܶӺģҲ֪һЩվһᣬüͷ
үûУ꼾٣ﻹֻô죿
Ҳû취飬˾˵ɶĽ죬ǻָ⡣
ǰʱ䶼Ѿ깤˾۲˼ΣǲУطǰ֮ŪˣǮҲʼȱˡ
̻ãҪоⶫٲȻġ
ôûûнǱܡ
ӵ鹬ĸ
Ҳᷢ顣
£תʼ۲Χ
뵽ЩʲôƳԶȥ
һ㡣°£档
˿һʱͣ¡
վһԿԿΧĵطһתȥߡ
ҪȥűŶãôߡĹŰơ
ãӵĺܺãû£ү뵽취Ѷˡ
ô΢ЦŰƵһ¡
ǺεȵĸȢơ
ȥҿ˾
ȥ˾࣬Ҫ˵¡
ǡ
תˣƺ͹ܿ쵽棬վڴӵ温ΧѾøôˡ
˾ܿֽʿʼͼһ߻ͼһߺ˾͡
ֻʯͷӺܿͻᱻ壬Ϊ̫ˣĻε
Ҫˮࡣ
ʲôˮࣿ岻
ʯʯۻϳһֶŵʯͷ֮䣬ԹʯͷǽڸοΧҪʯʯУҹ۲ûУһᵽңֶܺңۺ͸ˣϺҪƣҪΧҤ
Ҫڴӵ潨һǧϵ൱һҪմӵı㣬ĳװ룬㹻á
ܱߵĴׯתƣﲻá
Ҫֿмˮڣķԣͻֱˮȥȡ
棬ʮĵطһʽˮˮأٴĺԣˮȥҲᴢȻǵһˮҪһڣҪͨӵģҪӣһиĺԣǱ߾Ҫ˴򿪣ˮپһ򣬽ӡ
͢Բӣｨһˮվż˿ţѲߣɳס꼾ҪһˣҲӱ޴ڣӱƹ̶ߣмɳȣߵ̶ˮҲܳ忪㲻ܣҲ뵽İ취ʱȡ
˵ӣĴҪһǽôӵˮ󣬻һСģˮܱ֤ˮĳײС
ƻã˾˴ľ
ʣ˾飬㻹뷨ô
ðһֱ벻ͨҵ⣬ڿˣˮܴҽٵĴӶûãһµֵ˵ġ
ˣǾͲͬˡ
ϷͶذ
꣬ʵȥʱ򣬿Ӿģνˣͼסˡ
񿪵ʲôһԽˡ
жɣ׼ӵй̣ˮ⣬ˮ⽻ˡ
˾˵⻰ƺȻʶúõĸԼ˸鷳
ãǷͷ£ȥǧ˵Ҫڿӡ嵱ϡ
ôʲô¶ҽ
뿪˶Ƴȥһ·ʯʯ飬ʣɵ˰
ҡͷҪʯʯҪûҩҩɱ̫󣬻ܶҵĿӣ˵˵õˣҲɻҡ
ʱҪı˵ʮˣһҪҲգ֮ʱ
ҩĸ⡣
šƸ彲˻ҩԭЩ𾪡
ô˵ƻƻҩɫء
ƵǲΪȻǵľҽǵľҽһǻῴͳɣҪܴᶷӪҪҪͨأҪ踺أϧ
ҩ£ᣬǾ͵Ǹ
ҽ߳ǱҪһҲһҪӲ
ҵٶȾˣӦ˽ӽңڶԷ֮ǰȡǾҽ
ѰҪЩֻҪڱűɡ
ʱĹ˵ۣ뵽һŮӣĶ飬Ͳ
үҿҩǧܸ֪ڼҪˮ࣬ըɽĻˡ
ըĻ϶֪Խٵ֪Խúá
үҪаղС
(δ)

һʮ һԲϾͷַ

ҪΪεЩˣ˵ʲôҲŪҩǶ
ϾҩΣգҩģҩжлΣҩһͷըûˣ
Ŵ̫࣬βһżǴעҲռ˭ʲôעȥҹҡ
ҩ͸ɵһû˲µľ˰ѻҩļ͵ˣʱٹңսǲ鷳
Ƭ̣ҩĹд֪
ƿү๤
ãû۰ƣϬĴž棬˵Լʲô֪Ҫҩ
ǻȥɡƵҲ֪ΪãҲƽϡ
˯һ˯ѰҲֱҩ˰ƵʵҰһʯڹǰĥɷĩŵһ棬һ߹̶ߣһˮףưˮųʱСƿӷŽȥûӵȼ
ȼŹ뿪ӴˮǿյأŹȥ䡣
Ƕˣ˫ֱס䣬ڽ
ҲˣҪʲôǻҩվѰƵ
¡
岻ĿⶢŶ濴
һǰһƬˮ׵ƬĴɢƵʵҼһ
ɫһףһƬƬɽǰһ»˹ȥ
Ѫ˲˿δһֱȵʧɢ
תæȥƣơ
ƻɢ壺ڡ
ƣӡ
û¡оޣ֮ǰжҲйһиڻõģͲˡ
һ߱ôΪ¡
ûµģСվȻ˵û£ǳһЩ̥裬רΪԼ׼ġ
忴ȷʵûʲô£תȥѾըˮס
һʣƣڻըô
ƺЦŵã
ס֣ȥըˮףˮ״ʱиӣ״ľ룬һЩˮ׵ķĩΧǽ壬
ˡ
ƻ۵ġ
ҡƽ
Ťͷƣͷһ£㣬ѱòã
ǵȻãԺҵġЦ˵
á
峯￴ȥЩСġ
һ¹壬ȥס˿һ۰ơ
˵ըҩѾܴˣôһը
үסʲôըҩһըֻҪ֮ڵľȫըˣԲõġ
ȥָ壬ԵãȻֻǸˡ
סƵֹȥվ棬˵ֻеһ֣ү֪ҿԶү
Ͳ±õ㣿Ц˫ֱסơ
ҡͷ˵޼漦޹湷ʲôҶĸţҵҲʲôүҪˣûлҩһˣҸүϣүԱ
һ죬ݲүѾصǸ磬ү˵ʲôҲҪúõġ
үҪҪңȷʵûǵôࡣ
ߣǱġֽŰƣĿⲻá
֪˵ľ£ƿⲻ˵תȥ
үһ̺Ͳ϶үүסԣҵЩϣŵһᱻ֪ĵطȵʱãҲȥŵʳǵĽ£ҪѹֻҪѻ̫ǴͿը˻ʹ
ƻص棬ɨɨתȥ塣
תƣɫĮȻʲô֪
үǺܵˣҵ㶼ʲô֪ţүǺˡ
Ƶ˺ܼ򵥣վһߵˣǺˡ
ӿòãƲ֪
忡һĨ.ɫƷˣҪû˵ã
ǾûǼо֮֡Ʊﱧסˡ
үֱˣƶûע⣬ſֱѪˣæŽ⿪·
·ѵòˣ.ޡ
ƣҪо˴֮ٳȥԳƵǰİŭ
ʲôʱˣ㲻ʵһ㣿
˺˹ҩۣ˿ڣָ·Ļȥ
үôˣôôǴܹģԺûˣż
û£ոձʩչһ¹򣬰ѵϵˮ״ˣӣʰˡ
˵죬Ƴߡ
ŰȥǱϢʰʵҡ
֮հ½ʵңҹŹһʯʯʯ
죬ҵ˻ʯʯʯ
ƶɽ£վһŻѣԶš
ʯ˿ݸ壺ү
˿հ˵ģϻʯʯʯ
һᣬţƣǻʯ
š
Χ˿үȫǡ
忴˿Χһˣ뾩ǺԶ
ᱻ֪˵һʵ
ƵͷĻѸ裬תΧ߶ƣⶫĻ᲻Ϊʲôը
ǵᣬĻͲ£·˾ӵըѵġ
˺ܴģʱǻµġ
ѹ塣
֪ˣȥΣգ£ȥѡ

ү

˵ﱣ
ǡ
ŻѣܿɽҹѰһʯʯʯ
ʱɽ
ʯͷơ
ȷϺ󣬵ͷ
ҹǻȥ֮˼죬ҵʯʯʼ䣬ˮࡣ
ưæ˰£Ъ
Ϣ
˵ˣĸ֡
Ʋˣʱ䶼ڳƣסڸûʲôƲҲԡ
ǹЩԷ˾Ҫƻʳ
ƫƫӶȱӦ
ŪϹܼһǾͺ¡
Ҫǰ˽ߣȥ԰ɡ
ȥү
ȥǰѾˣ廹ûȥ˸ӣ
תŰƣһ¡
俴Űƣôôࣿ
ƣӦ˵Ļˣֳˡ
ƻɣҪҪʡ
ĻʳôôǷˣǰԣҲóԳԺôˣ
ƲΪһʳģ
ǣȥģϴλȥѾаˣһֱûá
ذɣȥˡİһ۹תȥſڡ
ſڽ˵ˮˣӲʣүҵط˯ȥɡ
ɫ䣬Ӷˣʲôˮ
(δ)

һʮ 

˲˵ˣȥҹ磬ôһҼƲˣҲˣǱӲ֪Ӽ
ᣬżɽֱ˵岻ãùô֮һֱûкãԽԽˣʼˣѾ˺ܶĸҽƫƫԸ˿ڵĴӣûŮӣֵطû취Ҳ뵽
绹ǻȥɣֵطҽȻǿõģҲãҲԸ⡣
֮ǰΪҪ˽ߵģû뵽Ϊ£Ȼǲˡ
峯ȥǻȥƵĺãҵط˯
ƣǰȥϹֻܼ뿪
Ȼذɡ
ΣŻ˶
˺ܶ࣬ǿô
ߵǰס֣ȥͽ
ҡͷǲģҪˡ
⣬øҽ㿴
κεվֻҡͷ
檲Ըſ£ϽܸҽΡ
ǰԵʱҽιܰգЩˡ
Σֻžȡ
ƻȥʵң濪ʼʵ飬ҪͭƵעѾˣѾʼͶˣùջעãҲʡˡ
ơ
֪ʵ棬ȥֻš
ϴըʵң½ĸӼ̣ΧƤģ񣬶ů۴󷽡
ɣûʰ
ƿǽţת壺ү
ѾˡȥҰƣתȥ壬ʮֻעŵҩ棬ͨзļֻùغһƿˮһһƿǣ׼лԡ
Ӻ汧סֿɺã
ү㲻öоʮֶӣƲ뻹ãԽԽ
˺ôҲھˣﻹû
ԭҪȥͬ⣬ӣô죿
ҡͷ֪Ҳܲˡ
뵹Ҳǣܲˡ
ҲȱһڷԣɡҲָܰ˽ߣȻߣǾסš
үҪھתת㲻˵кܶ⣬Ҳ⣬Ȼô󣬻ǷӣҪġ
Щ֪꣬Ͳ˵ˡ
ⲻǰʯͷԼĽţ
ŰƳţֵĽתһȦƿӣٽֵصõģⲻôá
ʣʲô⣿׬Ǯô̵ʱҪһ׬Ҳѡ
ȿһҳ̣ǲ֪벻ϺõĲ÷졣ֹ
ЦΪҪҩ̣ôǳ̣
үͲòˣ׬ǮҲΪԼ׬ģүҪãøҽ衣ƴȤ
ʣĲǱô
ҡͷǿɲǡ
תȥǼӣӲֵǮҲҪһ£ƵףһǧӸһǧд飬ˡ
һңϲŻȥЪš
ȥӽдһŵӣͿҲĸ𾪣Ҫ׬Ǯ
ӣ׬Ǯġ
һžͿͶŅ̀ġ
ƿûɫ
үһ£Ȼˡ
תߣסˣҲȫΪԼҲõĻû취ӲȥܲſƲ
ߵſͣ£ת˵첻ˣҪҰβҾȾ㣬ôһ㡣
Ҿ㡣
תȥ˺Ժ
忴һṬ;ƢЩ꣬ȷʵǸѣȹѣͺˣ㻹Ȼذɡ
ȲˣǸʲôѣܸңһΪ˾κ¡
ԥһ£æͲˣҲҪæֻƵƢҲĪǻȥɣڶ
Ҷ磬͵ðҡǸѼϼܣ뿪
忴һᣬ۵ϵľ
ȥʰɣϣǻ׼ƵƢִֵĺܣ鱾תȥҰƣԺȥͿƱŶβ̧ͷ¡
̧ͷһۣȥҰƣǷӦʡ
ƺЦһ۹壺Ҿ֪ҪȥǣҿԾȣҲÿһͳɣŲŵùңҪŵùңҾȥŲүͻȻˡ
ʲô룿ԺִϸеǸԭǰɫģǻɫġ
ϸУͺš
֮ǰ֣үҪ˵ʹһֻȥҲǿԵġһֻŵע˹塣
үȥɡƽ⿪·ȥ˴ϣ忴˿עҲκεϣ
ⶫƵֱ۴ϸˣΪǰĵӣô
οгҲδŵù
עȥǰŰעó˳㰴հƽģҪ˵Ļ˵һ顣
ŵõɫ԰ףŵóŹȥү
ǿǣҲŪŻǣǰ㲻һѵˡɫࡣ
עһŵϣνͣҲǾģ˵Ļģ˵һ룬ûˣѻűͲҪǲţǾˡ
ܣⶫҴûҪңҲŻҡȻ£ĿŹ壬ϣܻתģԹ˶ᶯġ
Ȼڹ忴ȴһ
ǲűҲû취ôͱ˵ģžˡ御һ˦ŵ󣬿ҲڣҪԵǹ
޵ĸģץؿſڵϿֻȥ
ԣҲûа취ˡ
һ¹߿
Ƶĺ˲ˤɫһ
סҲס
һ۹ȥŹתǶ飬棬ôǵô
Ź壺硭
ңӼ޽쿪ʼ֮ɩǶԶΪء
֮Щ飬ܲã㵨ƶﻹдô
ҡ
¡
壺ҪܣԸ⡣
ȥ
žͻȥˣŰעӵһ
ƶ˯ˣӲǸˡ
(δ)

һʮ ôײ

۾Ƴſ˿ȥţˡ
һ£һ˿ȣҲǹġ
֣㻹ˣΪʲô
Ϊʲô
һ·һ˵˾ûİһۣԱŵģ˼ҷ޵飬أ褴ƸǣһԸһԸ
ǵĵʣʷĵʺܸȤƫƫ˺һƽпռ䡣ֲ֪֪֪֪ܶܶ
һ߸·һ߸˵褴Ƹǵ£ĵ鵽
һϣһʥʥּҽΡ
ϵĸΪѣƽӵʥּ빬ΪͿĵڵĹ
ƿûߣƾ֪û¡
ʱϵҪʲôŰЩ
Σȥμϡ
ɡ
վţͷԸ̧ͷ
ˣϵʡ
ϣĸƽ
ϵ۴̨ߵǰϸһᰲƣԵ˺ô
ޱ꣬ȻֵЩûˡ
һ̥ƺǺܳԣȴգ˵öӪˡ
ػϣʵ飬׼һЩҩûҵʵʵ飬͸Լ˼룬û뵽ͳӣʲô⣬ر졣
ѾʳˣʲôˮҲڳ⡣
Ʋ˵ֳ֣ˡ
ѾʳѰ
֮⣬Ͼͱ˵ˡ
һͣϵۺȻЦ˳Ʋ˵ĻЩҲôġ
ЦҲ˵
ϵۺЦЩӲʣ߰ɣڴ˵Ⱥ޻л˵
ּһ۰ƣתȥ
ϵ۳ȥƸһ
뿪ĵƸϵȥĵǰտĴԺӣʱʱڣ紵һֵϵ۱ϵĲľ
תϵۿζûеµ֡
ŮΪüݣѵü߶ûУ
ϵʣʲô
£ÿҩΪ飬ҩݵϢ
ôǵĲľ㣬ϧûвľֻбĹǽ¥󡣡
Ϊأῴջῴڿʷ飬Ϊ˻Ҳǻȥˡ
ϵۺЦ޲һףѧĻˣ
æŵͷҡ
ϵۿ˰һᣬת˵ļ޺ݺο˹ƺҲأ참й£˲ġ
ϣ̿֡Ҫ£ϵס
˵ˣùɡ
һϵۻǽֻͣϰ£ûҪ£ġ
û룬Ҳȷʵ£ˡ
ϳ̿֡ϴ򽻵ۡ
ϵվһ᣺ʵҲˣûʲôͬ˵ʲô
һѵῳͷ̲ס˵ϵ۲ŭЦ
תϵ˵Թޣ
ҡ
ûµʱ˵˵ô£ԽԽУ෴ŵÿ޻ܺá
ЩãȻϳԴҩˣ
һᣬϵۿһᣬתȥ޺⣬ƲҲ֪ҵŮôƽģȻͶ񣬾͸ֻǸʼ
ûдͶԭƲ鳼ҲǺܣ˵齻˳Ѳɴû˿ȥˣ
˵ˣǱɵˡ
ãƸҲܸˣ˵ĳЦͲˣҵҲ᲻ҡ
ˣƲھˣǳ
ϵٶתüȥ޲ˣѵ£
¶ѣں£ûֻǾҪòǳӣ˵ʲôȻʲô
˾ͱôɧˣﴵ磬˳˵˵顣
Ʋϵ۷Ը
ϵʣͶѾȥˣ˵㲻Σд£
ϣ˵Ҫ룬ҪóƨɣʣƨɳΪʲôϡȥƺϵ۸ո˵겻̫ԡ
ϵ۲òתƣ棬ϵѵЦô
㰡ϵЦĲסҡͷ
Ƶͷװ
Ҳܲܣ˵ҽǶˣܲøǿ
ϣҪ£ֻгѲΪŮӣӣƴ˵
ϵЦ󣺡޵ȻᣬŮӲͬӣЩŮӣȻҪЩ
ǳ͹ܲˣԭͿ˳ۣԼ۸
ԭϲˡ
޸˶֣ĽУˡ
ʹӣˡ
ĵѩҪݣóɥĵ⣬ˡ
ˣ̲˵ĵС
նȥҳǵģżӻ˵ʲô˲ܽƲԴҪЮ
ίʵ޿̣˵ԸΣ۶ӣ˵Ҹξͳˣ˭֪ԸҲˣƲв
ӻˣҪΣɵ˵עҩá
˭֪ǸʲôˣĲᣬѳݺݵĽѵһ٣Է
ϣ·˭Ϲȥ
񣬶ѵּβѵǶȸ״
ϵһ˵ˣȷʵּβģһ˵Ƕȸ״ˡ
ϣ˳ɣίʵȥƨɡ
ϵһĬ
׼¹ϵסƵ֣̰˻ȥ
ϵ۵Ҳŵס
Źµİƣϵ˵
ϣ뿴ƨɡ
޲㿴
лϡվ̧ͷϵۡ
ϵת𴦣޻Ҫģ޵ĵϱѲ޿ŵϱ
ƳĬ
ּΣôΣ£û£ͳɡ
ּϵۻ䣬Ʊּˡ
ϵһǸ޵ı¡
Ӱ߹ȥϵ׼ߣƴӺȥ˼ϵۺȻתһûüײȥ
ǰһڣƾȥϵ۵ĻŵðæźҪˡ
ϣçײˡ
ĴɣҲԺû˵ʱùϵȥŰЩҡ
ôײˣתʲô
ϵۿŰϢǺЦİ˳ȥ
ƿǰ̧ͷϣ
޿ǲʹˣˣ
ָ̧ϵۿɨ谲ƿһ£ɿְƻصϣȷʵҹηࡣ
Ȼ򵥣û˵£ҽǿûϵŲЩӹҽʺĶǼٵĶܿʲô
ϣٿ
ϵ۰һָֻƣθ棬һֱֻϵ۵ֱۣһְֻסϵ۵Ťɨ裬ɨϵ۵塣
ԡ
(δ)

һʮ ڸĵľ

ƷɨЩɨĲ׼û뿪۾Ŭ侲ɨ裬ҽʼɨϵ۵塣
㣬ϵŰƵ˼
۾ȥϵۣϵ۵ֻſ̹ˡ
ܣˡ
Щţϵߵһߣ泯ĵķ򣺡֪㿴ĳ˵ɡ
Ķˣжˡ
Ȼ
ϵ۱֣ɡ
վűλ۾ٰɻ
˭¶
紵ĸˣϵתȵӳ
һ߾ܣΪϽⶾҲ֪Ϊʲôϣϵۻš
šϵ۴Ӧתʣʲôʲô취鵽ʲô
鲻Ψһһβ鲻ģܡ鲻Ǻܺãǵһûвʲô
ܣ¶̫ˣȥúò飬޵㡣
ϣɷѻϵѪһ㡣ƴŵʡ
ϵ۰ָƣĺԥ
óһСƿӣóһ룬ϵ۵ָһ£һѪСƿһϵ۵ָ漴ҩ۸ֹѪ
һڱ˿֣֪ʲô
Сƿӣϣպ󻹻鲻Ҳ׼ѹƶصĽҩ
š
ϵתȥĵǱߣƸߡ
ҪСϵ۽
ʻϡ
˵
ô
ϵ۲δͣ·֪ʵģشҲƽ˰ˣ
Ƴɣһ
Ϊأ
Ʋ⣬ϵ۳ƺ㣿
Ҳ֪ԻϺõô࣬²
Ǿͺúò¡
룺ܲǳ
̫߹Լˡϵ۲δӸơ
꣺Ҳòǳ
ϵЦʮˬʣ֪ͺá
ƸŻصĵſ۶Ѿϵϵۡ
޸ոѾּҪˣҲģذɡ
ǡ
лתȥ棬ƴʱѾļƽ϶飬۸߸ϵϵۣ˲뿪
뿪ĵȥ̫˸ⲻ飬̫˵Ȼ沣ϻҪȥġ
֪
֪ͺá
̫˵һỰ˰뿪ˡ
׼Ϳڶš
ĳʽߵߣ˱ȭΪΡ
ҪȡҩģȻȥԺȥ
ƽˣƻȥ
ص廹û˼仰ҩ뿪ȥ˶
ſڵŰơ
˳ȥǰҩڰ
Ҳһ߸š
ͷ˸ӣ
ǺûѶҲ
߰ɣ¡
ת롣
ƿ۶Ŷߡ
ŰƹȣǰԺסĵط
ʱѾʹ޿ˣûסӣѾߡ
ѾˣߵѾǱ˲Ŷԡ
ſվһᣬ⿴һ۹ϲ˷˼
˵갲ȥ
ƽŸպÿһӵϹŵһŮͷϡ
ŮҶѪ˳Ŷͷ
վſڿһۣϹˣ˶ıˣһ߻վһŮ
Ůɫƽƺϰ¡
Ʋһܿ˵鶼ãȥ
ϵŮæȥſڿ̲סᣬȴû˵
ƿ۾Ըҩ£ȳȥ
ҩתȥţʱŽš
̺ү
ߵ£ס֣ˣѾּҪΪΡ
ллү۸мίĿҪˡ
ȫûҪȥ
°˵ָҡ
ȥЩ⣺֪˺꣬ΪҪΪ˿ڣҩŶԡ
üȥƨɾƨɣ˵ôŸʲô
ƲͷԼҽΣǱͲˣԼҽΰɡ
ãǷּΪΣô£ӻϲˣ
ǲҽΣᣬҪʲôǲҪߣס
ӲʣʱƢŭҪƽϡ˵ߵſת˻ȥ
°ƻǾ仰
Ը⣺Ƿϵּġ
ּҪΪҽΣǿƨɶ˭
㡭һһ׵ġ
￴ȥҪȻȥˣûš
Ҫȥһϡֱޡ
Ҳ㣬㰮˭˭ȥ
۾Բ
°Ѿ˹ȥ롣
Űסָ
ɨһ£ûʲô󲡡
һ㣬ĸһ㡣
ȥҩ䣬˼СƿӸͿĨֹѪϵҩۣΪʱ̫ãҲܱ֤˿ϻ᲻̡
ϴƿҩˮΪϴʱܻЩۣɱģɫĭӣĭӿܻкɫѪˮȵĭӱɰɫƤЩ׵ʱ򣬾ûˣֻɫ޻մɾҩϡ
첻ҪҶðɫĲס̫ȣҪͨ硣
̫УԼӵɡ
Եҩû׼Ҫģ
óͭƵעһ˵ͷڶǰ˻Ρ
˵ƣ뺦ҡ
Ҷ˵ˣ򲻴Լ
ǡ
˵ʲô˵ү㵱治ô
Σ͹ȥһˣȥһˣδӴԺ֮ƢԽ꣬ˣÿնŰѾߣЩֻӲãŻˡ
ϸΣȴѡ
컻ôæ
ҲΣһ䣺ʲô
ע׵ҩĻܿ죬ֻǴܻۣȻ㲻룬ҵҩۼҲõġ
ԥһ£
үҲͬġҡͷῴ𴦣ί
Ҳעպãҩ䣬æŸƳš
ⰢҩߣͷҲص뿪ˡ
˵ÿ£˵Ҫ޸ģǱˡ
ЩѾ߶ıˣȻûһ
￿ţ۾Żȥ
(δ)

һʮ ̹

찲㲻һֱš
Էʱ䲻Ե㶫ȥо
Ʒǵû֣һȦ
춼æʯʯˮ飬飬˼ûлύ֪һȦ顣
찲ƽȥˮ࣬û
һ죬ˮҪˡ
һȥϵۡ
˼ϵҲĸ𾪣һȦԭԲˡ
μϡûû¡
ϵ۸߸ϣϵͷŰϵ
ôˣϵĶдĿ͡
ϣо죬оֻһѹƵҩϵĶҪʱ䡣
һ뵽ⲻ˶ﲻ
һôҪûˡ
ϵۿǰ͵ҩһպá
޼ǵóԡ
ϲɶ࣬ÿһһΣֻյģպ󳼻
ţ֪ˡϵתĵ߶˺ܶࡣ
żסڼͷḧ.
ƿϵۻıӰֻгĬ
ϵʣơ
ãƲŴӦڡ
ϵתΪʲôż޵£
ʵش𣺡ûʲô˵Ҫģϻᣬⲻǻϵ
ϵۺЦط޻ǺܸˣΪ޵ġ
ϵתΣ½ˣȥɣһ˴ᡣ
ˡ
˳ĵתȥ
ʱɣסĵطѾˮ
Ƽɸ˸ɡ
ߵǰ˵ͷá
ݲͬǶġ
ɵƷҪġ
á
ôˣ֡
˯ã˵֣˼ʡƺ˸ţȥ
˵Цƿ˲뿪
Ӿȥʺ󣬵ʼվ첻˭
ҹص˯š
ҹһžȥҰƣƱסĲɵĿڹ廳
үܸˣΪˮ飿
ȻѾɹˣķӣȻˡȷʵˣԼˣпǰ
үҽˣ¡ƾܾĺֱӣܾ¡
Ӱ뿪ϸȥƵ
£
ҡͷʲô£леģڲ˵
ƣڣˣ
̾ϢæĴۣ˵ʱ䶼ûˡ
Ź尲ƿȥš
§Űƣúõģɡ
ƵͷǺܾò˯š
ѾܾûμĽˣΰ˯μĽ˵ˡ
Ľ˵Ҫߵʱ򣬰Ҫߣ͸ˣΪ˶һ£ƺȻˡ
۾ڿ
ǲǿĽˣɫأֱ§Żˣ§ס塣
֪度£밲ο
μˣˣߣˣ
ɫ˳ߣҪ޻ء
ƺЦ̧ͷȥ壺Ҳô޻أ
Ȼа취Ź
үɣҲ֪ɴʲôóԵģүԴסƽ⿪·ȥ
ү첻糯
ȥ
ȥ٣°ƺȻʧ
˴ӷѾ磬Ժ˵Ʋȥ
ǻȥɡ
ȥˣǵļңҿסھˣÿµٺ»һЩ㹻á
ǻȥסҲ˵ȥȰ⡣
㲻ҳžˣ¡ˣȥߣãǾſִ
ʤͳȥˡ
˳ȥˣҲ˳ȥ
һĿƣǿġ
Ź˵.ߣһȦ˵˹ˣǲǹʲô£ƣ
˵ҡҡͷ֪ǿ۵ġ
˵
ֵܵĸãϵ˵ŵù˳˵Ȼô˵Ȼֵܵĸ˶á
˵Ƣ
Ҫѻʹƿˡ
Ǹ֣Ҳ˭һϵ£һĵ˭ܰ
ֻǰʼҲ벻ף¶˵˭Ŀʲô
˵ǮĲ˵Ʋйû˵ֹ
忴Щ
ɣ˵ʵʲôǲ鷳
ϵֻһ֪ĿĿ϶еġ
顣
ɫͳ뵽ʲô鷳¡
ʶȥסƵ֣йذɣ
ƿţ֪
Ŀӣ棺Ҫ£ôһȦ

ƳĬû˵
ת߬Ƶ֣ǻ壿

Ƶһһ£ͣתŰƣκε
ƺȻ֣˺ġ
֪֪ݲһ˿һ
ϵ˲࣬ɪɪţÿ˶쳣ĮǸ緢ʲôһ߹
ƺȻܽţںϵۡ
촽˲ҡͷ˵
˵˵۾ˣҪ
ӺףɷҪɱˣ
Ҫ
ոջ˵顣
ǿ˵һ䣬Ŀף£

ûأתߣתȥߵĺֱܿʹƺ˵

ͣ£תŰƣƱסӶ׵ϡ
վڶ棬ɫˡ
ûȥֻתҪߣҸ㡣
ͣûת
ȥͷк
ƶŹʣոҶ£²£

Щ㣬ҶӰơ
µġ
ְס֣ǵһΣƸܵķš
Ҳϵۡ
Ʋ֪ǲǽϵ۵Ĺ⣬ǲǣôһ㡣
ֻļ廹ϣģӲĺܡ
ϵ۵ϣƲ͹һʶ
ֶģʷһθܵ
ξԭˡƵģ̧ͷ
ûС飬˵ȥðĿŰơ
Ҫʱ򲻶ԣЦŹǸӣƾͺЦ
ûүԭүˣͬĵǿصģΪ£Ҳô
촽ɫӲȻ˵˿˹ﲻ
Ҫȫһ˿һƫûС
ʲôʸ񣬸ոһĻ̹ǡ
(δ)

һʮ ԵĲ

үȻµˣҪ˵ôʡ
巴ʣа취
ҡͷһ¡
ү֪ô£ǵ˸ͷҲû˵ô£ô֪ġ
֪ģǣƵģҲ֪ûô޶ۡתŰƵֲ֣˲ĺƺûǹ塣
ԶԶİţͷһۣʧˡ
ϵ˽ˣ߲£
ڻ̲סʣô£
ƻԥʵ˵Ҳµ߰˷֣ʣµĲ˾֪
ֻǲ֪ҧ˲˵Ǻ̶
үȥʻҲáưűһ仰
սû׷ʡ
˲֪ãֿˡ
һҾƹſڴתȥֲңܹŹ֡
һੲ˵ʲô
ͣ¹ɶˣȥ£ðš
˵ߣתȥЩʧ䣬˿ſ֡
ƻοģڵ֮ңԱڳ˵ı䣬ûһ¶ȣʵҲµġ
иģ棬쿴ˡ
Զƿ۰
Ȼǣתƹſڵˡ
վһᣬȥˣ뿴ʲôء
ûǮˡε
˲ǻһô
æŻɰȻ˵ھǮǸģǲȥҶҪӣҲû취ȥҪǮʣ¼Ӳ֪֧ŵ죬ū֪Ҫȵƽƣūʵڲܸ̰ɣǻȥҪһ㣬Ҳġ
һƬǻ֮ģĸ꣬ҲûǮ
ٸ˵Щ챻ˣǰЩӴҶǮҲ˲٣ĽڼˣҲֻǵԺܱ
ԭһοԣӾˣ˶࣬Ժȶ٣
Ҫȥҿɲȥ
У߹ˣ鲻ã˭ҲңҪǸ鲻ãۡ
۽ð⣬Ȼƽʱֵģʵء
˵˹ȥ
㡣̾ȵ
ոպү˵㲻죬ߣȾˣôʡ
һҼҿҲҪȾƵģϧС
Ͱɡתȥ˾ƹŵöûƲûסЦ
ȻСȴźɵؽ
ôȵˣ
ƿ۶㿴ҪƲ顣
˵갲ȥ˾ƹݣҪţˡ
ƹݲҲûж١
Ű˸طȥˡ
˽СѬţ⣬㼦γס
Ҳˡ
һžͿˣֱȥ¿˵ƺȾơ
Ծˣǽ
ƶžƱûȣŷ¡
еʵʵΡ
Ǽ̳壬öȴܸı䡣
ԭȵǧ
ڵӣ˵μ㡣
˲ȰƣԼһڣһƬţ⣬žͲ
ȱӣ˼⣬ġҲʵڣƸܿɹˡ
Ϊ˶ͺáӣһƬţŵζĳ
˺ЦΪ˲ֵ
Ҳǡ
̸ȴû뵽˵ľҲУźžȻˡ
ſĸΡ
ȥҰҪæû밢ſڣҲ֪ȥʲôط
ְأ氢ǡ
ҪǱ֪ˣҪǻˡ
ҲֻȻȥתһ˴һһ
뵽˵飬ƻ˻ȥȵȰͻˡ

Ȱ뿪Ŷȿڽ
ֻͣҲ̧ͷ˰ơ
û߰ƵţߵǰƸ˸ӣ
ˣڵһ¡
ף
һԵ˳ŰƵͷ
ƿһԷʶԭҲûˡ
˶ǼġԷͶʮЩźͶ࣬˳ҲüĿͦΡ
Ҳͨˣһɫ˵
ǵˣʧˡƳŶԷǸȻȥ
u巣ǰ޸ôƺƵҲǲ֪ܡ
Ƶͷá
ȻֵܼҵĶӡ
ת£
Ǽҵģ
Ȼʵֵ̫࣬˾Ÿûֵ꣬ܽ϶࣬ƸǲסûҲ̫ࡣ
ʲôΧӰûУ뵽ⰲƣ֡
Σҡ
㡣
Ȱ˵꣬ƹﴫ˵
üͷ΢壬ž;ƹ￴ȥԲԡ
סҲͲˡ
Ϻ˵ĴӾƹε˳վھƹſڴ˸á
㣬ûӣж˻˻ۿҪˤǰסˡ
˾Ѭ죬ҲŮܰ㡣
գ䲻תƣ֪ŲźȾƣҪܷģ
ν֪
ߣˡ
˳һȥȥ
Ǹںߡ
Ϊƽ׽ˣϲЦ
ǲ˵
ƾã˻㲻
صԺիƽ׼һѾˣѾ˿ʼȥҲ
ȥȥˡ
ƶŲš
֪ͨүôһ֪ͨˣ֪үȥˡ
ƺ˲裺ЦˣүæŶ飬ٲȥǱˡ
ͻЦ˵ſ˿棺Ȼˡ

⣬ϳͿͣˡ
ƿķӦǽŻ
ţһ£ˣ
ЦٲҪȢϱˡ
Ȣϱˡ
忴۰ϱ
ˣԸºͣǰԲͬ˵Ŷ˼Ц⡣
꣬ôǸ˶Ҫ˵£
ԸºദˣǵԸºôдˡˬƣڻǰˣ
ЦŨ
忴۸֣ң
ҲǣƲģǸŶġ͹ȥ
ԭҪߵˣžͽš
Ը׼˷ˣͶڸš
֮ǰһֱţվڴ߶Щ⣬̶̰ûͷˣԭԲҲ˹
ݲ˵ˣǲˡ
ѹƲסĻ⣬϶ԵĲá
(δ)

һʮ ֵ֮

ѵʱ򣬿Щ⡣
Ⱦ˯ˣ
һᣬ˵Ǻȶˣμˣ
ˣô
쬣ʶһ֣۵Ҫˡ
úõĳȥʲôƣǲԼݣ
뿪ڶȥЩΪ飬ôͷˡ
ˣҪˣ˵ͷƵģˡ
˾ôţ˸ү
ֶš
Ұɣ
ס˻̧ͷ㲻ϲңһȥҲܻعҪӣҵٺ»òûͣûӣɽգվǰ취

ΪΪ
Ҳû뵽һɡ
һʱ䣬֪
ӸոպһЩ㡣˵ʵûӻȥ¡
Ҳɵӣ˼һ£ȻˣǾ͵ȵȰɡ
εӣЩĲ̣ȥᾡ찲Žȥ
ûء
˿Χүûʲô»ذɡ
Ҫš
Ŷ
Ҳ뵽ˣǺƽģϾүԷҪġ
Ʋ˾ͲȥԱˣ
Ҫ㣬ȥ˷
ȥ˸
Щ񣺡ˣ
ǡ
ǰܲҵģôˣ֪˼޸顣
ǱĲȻ
һ⣬ʣôܣ
ĸί촽
һãȻǰھƹûϳʱϳ㵡
ѿڶţ
롣ȥ£Щãر˵ߡ
ˣүô±ʡ
˵ͷã̫òȥ游ʱ𡣡
ôԵʧ䣬˵ҲΡ
һаƿˣȻҲˡ
ΪѶߣû뵽ߣҲûߡ
Ƶǿˣô£
ǰģվԺ˵ûҪߵ˼
Ҳ֪˵ʲôܸо˺н顣
վڹ߿ţҪˣɫģŶˡ
ƶоĳ˼ϵġ
Ϊ⣬ԲŻ
ֻôϲΪʲôҪЩ
ʱǲˣȢ˾ϲô
ȥϹȥôʡ
Щ죬˵ͷûȥ
ĺǲ˼ߵġ
˺ߣȻŻġ
޸ڼңǲǾͳ˷ޣ
ĪȥһߵĹ壺үãô£
鲻ãһˡ
㲻ãĶӣС䡣
ҪӳΪһȥ˹ģڹùүϲմߡ
ǰȥǰ˴Ҫڳ֮ǰżʶһ棬Ҫ׵ĹһֱҲ²⡣
˵ǹС㣬Ҳ˵ǿû˻Ӧ
ڿǵһˡ
ƾ÷еҲЩ죬ȥ壬ѵ˵ߵʱϲƲˣʱƲͻС⼸Ĺ⾰ȥĵƲúϣ
Цǰɣ
үΪ鲻ÿ˭˳ۣϣȷʵôϲ
ȷʵܺãƾ˺ºͣһûеͺº͵象
û˵ǹӻã˵˰ƾһָоһɲھ
˸뺷Сһºټġ
еˡ
Ҫʲôĥ³Ǻõġ
ҪԭļһжǼ
ǰ߻ãѧ˶ѣߣµˡ
壬˵
Ҳ˵ſڡ
ߵ˵ͣ£˵ʲôأ±ô
ûʲôҪȥƲǲȥ漴˵
ۻЩԥˣ֪ǲһȥ
ոպҪȥ˶㱾ȥ׼ˣ˵⣬̧ͷȥĸͿһۡ
˷ˣʲôҡ
ȻˣǱȻȥˣڹˣ͵ſڣ˲תȥ
ɫ̲ôã˱˵кøУ
ʦ֣ڹʱĹ򲻴Ǿд裬ܴ棬˵ҪȢҡ
˲û԰ڵ˼ֱڿ죬ûôࡣ
˵ġ
˲ˣѾǱĲҪ
˸Ͳںǲŭ۶նعһȥֱȥһȹȥġ
ˣߡ
ﳤȥᡣ
ƵǾö͹Ƣ񣬶ôմš
Ƶת˷ŵŹŹ岢δ˵¿ʼ
ԡ»廹ڴš
ҪƽȥϴȻҪţ췴
ſ£ʣεô
ãǻشǲش𣬻شǳϵӣش𡭡ء
̽ʲô
׻ǹֲסˣ˰찲Ʋ˵岻С
ûȥŷˣĸΣʱǻʺ鲻ãʺʱ
ôԵĽڣţ
̾Ϣ½
ϴϴ˯ɣ룬˵ǲ˵ҲãȻ
̧ͷƣ˫ֱסƵ壬ȥûá
үûãүļңҪϣܼģֻүʱ鲻üҲ
Ƹ·ѺãסƵǰϸΪ˱Ϊ˻ϣ
СƲƭ壬ǺܵĹ壬ǿϵҲС
Ǹ߸ϵĵȴҪܱݺˡ
Գ꣬Ƶĸдô֪ҪӢţƵʹˡ
ûʲô°ɣλڼ俴ȥҲǸûʵۣҪӢţΪʲô
屧סƣ̰ԣд֣ĸ󶽴Ҳǲϡ
Խ̸һ֣졣
ʲô죬˵ǽµһأ˵ֻ䣬վȽµ졣
̫СÿհѱȥһһֵĽ̸
ȥ̻һ¾
˭˵ΣţԱĵġ
ſƣϵĴӽ⿪
(δ)

һٰʮ ظ漱

ӵһ𣬰Ƹоõ鲻ãЩ
һһЩô
ȥȥϡ˹ˣƻȥоϵ۵Ķ
簲ƴʵҳȥԷææĴſڽˡ
ôȥˣ㻹˵ˣҿȷʵóˣСлŻŵġûġ
꣬ԽԽˡ
˵ɣʲô£Ʋͷ
ȥЩڣ͸ðȥ
ˡһУƾ͸ûƵģܳʲô£ˡ
Ҳ£¾ͳ£ûϵһ£š׼ȥоϵ۵Ķ
ǣѾһţҪһٻģ˵ҪԺ
Ȼת
ɣˡתˣҲһĻţ˲Ͻ׼
ûжã˴ſ̧˽һȺһӵ
һŻѪŵðƿ˹ȥˣ
Ź忴ˡ
û£ǶѪ쿴ôˡһ°ȥ̧Žŵˡ
һ˵ûˣʱһ
ŰƳŶȥѾˣѪ
ߵǰ飬һֻס󣬸
΢ɨ衣
ɨ軹ء
ɿְƿ۾۾ΧгѪ㣬촽Ϸˡ
ưǿ촽棬Ƥ֯ǺɫѪ˿˵ѹġ
ƿ͵Ժȥ
˰Ѷ͵ƵԺӣ·ϹסƵ֣ߵһ㡣
ȷʵż޲ȹܹȥ
ֻøƽȥܹȥĸӡ
ԭ˸߱£ϵĺԺӣ⵽˵Ĵɱ
Щ˶ǵ֮ҪǼʱϵɡ
侲úõĶȥʲô
ҲֻܵˡҲɻ˭µ֣
ƾ֣ү᲻Ҫ޻ǣ
ҡͷ֪
ɫأҲ˵ʲôżȥȹھߣסư͵Ժ
ԺϽȥ˶˳ȥ¹Ͱ
濴ţ׼ˮϴҽԺš
ưŹϣһѵӳһĺܡ
Ŀڳʹȴûȥ
󿪶죬ѪνĿУԭڵ촽͡
һֱȵɫָ촽ɺ󣬲Űϡ
Ͻưѵӷŵһߣȥ·ʮҪͷ
Ƶһںͷµļ飬ϵļۣסϹ壺ү㿴
ǰȥҲЩ㶡
ǿ϶ö£ϣõƿ󣬶ĹУЩ˶Ǹи֣Ҫ£ϣǾͰѶƵһط˫涯Ϲ£֡
˺ϥϥһѾˡ
Ʋ뵽Ǿ˼˵ķ
ʹһȥʹϣһģȳ
ϸϵ˿ڣȻֹѪ
ҽƷԸˣĸҽϽţ׼ˣӿʼæµ
ʱҲѾߣȥˣүүأ
ѾûʲôˣȷʵƵҩúܿûˣȻ˵°̺ۣȴһ̺û¡
мƣ෴ްơ
ŵлô˵Ҳϡ
Ժְʮջ𣺡죬ȥ
ϰ£㣬뱻˴š
ʾ⣬̰Ѿ˳ȥԺŹϣ濴š
Сŵͷȸһ롣
ߣתȥһߣóһĹӣпӴϸһߴͷΪرƣȺͨӣȻǱģԿп׵ġ
ԪóãʱҲûôĹ˼ˡ
һ͸ƿӣưѽһƿҩˣĹӣһӣ롣
мֹУƵסֱ۶ܿҺֻܡ
ƿӣðݡ
Ӻһ
ʲôӦȻᴿģٹ
ƽܹĵĿʼ˿ڣɾֹѪȻҩ۰ЩҪϵĿٷϡ
վһߣ˶̫á
Ҳоһ㶼ãүɣ檻ᾡ̫ˡ
ɫ׵ˣˡ
ȣ̫޷ȷȥĿܡ
ֻùȥˡ
ʱϵȸ˹
ϵʱֳ֣ϵ۵ɫϳȥš
ϡ
ŵҪ£ֱˡ
ϵ۾ײˣǰ׵ģˣ
ϵۿ棬Ժ̹¡
˵Ͻ
ϵߵſƿŽţˣһԵ
칫æŷסϣǧū
ϵǿסעǰĶ˰֣û¡
칫æŷϵȥһߣվϵʣΣ
߾ܾˣҲҪ׼
˵ģȻкȴ޷Ӧ
ϵһվţܿˡ
̫ææĽԺ
Ҫ̫ԺҺܿͰϡ
ס̫ϵϷԸɡ
칫æȥס̫̫Щιȥ
̫һ
̫ģҪ̫Ȼ죬Ҫ£ᡣ
̫ŭ𣬻̫̲ˡ
վһ߻̫ĵץѣΧ˷׷׹¡
̫￴һʣҪã
棬Ҫһᣬ̫԰꣬ū
칫æŰӣ̫£̫ʲôʱˣСУ¡
칫æŰӣŻ̫¡
̫һֱޡ
Ƹãε˻Σϵ۷סˡ
ͷʱƵ˵ͷ˺ˡ
ѶŲһţǧСġ
ҽǽżѶ̧ȥš
Ъʱ򣬸ҽʰˣ̫ͻ̫š
ӣ̫һβԵֲ̫һ£̫סˣעŶӻ̫Ȼ£Ӳû˵
˵ҪϢֻǰסˣ̫أʧѪһ棬ʼûһ档
˵ʱǿһ˵־ģҪţ˶أֻҪܻ
Ҫ˭ȲˣܸΣҲҪġ
ʱ棬ûзӦĵġ
Ҳ۵Ĳᣬ˵ġ
(δ)

һٰʮһ ɱ̫

̫ȥˣס֣ĸ֪ٱضʲôԭ򣬵ĸϣúõģһĸ˵ģǲǣ
Щ⣬ͨ˵ǻ̫ĸ˵⻰Ŷԣ̫
ƺȻʶ̫˽ġ
ϵۺ͹ĿʹӰ̫벻һֱڿޡ
̫ķȻŭ죡
̫ȻˣվһߵᣬŻ̫ߵһȥ̫Ŷãĸһֱ㣬ѹĸԵȥ㸸ʣ㸸й£ĸƴҲҪǣãĸҲˡ
ĸ󡭡Ȼ𾪲ѣæȥ۾ǿЦЦ԰׵ɫЦȴ鴿⡣
̫ẬȦס֣ЦЦ
̫æܹȥһۻ̫۾
һҩ˶û׻ʣҩ˳ɤӲȥһǺ˿
ֻҪǰҩˣܰȥĸոս˶Ϊĸͦס
Ȼ֪ΪʲôΪʲô̫۾ף̫Ļġ
̫Ŷ֣ɫȻϷǣҪץǣࡣ
Ѿץˡص̫Ѷַſתһһʲô
Ȼ̫һЦЦİëȻ·𿴼ѪĹ̥һ}ûš
ϣǻϣ뿪ʹ̫ãȻȥɣʲôûע⡣
ϵۿ۴ϵĶ˵ͷĸˣʲô£ĸ֪
ţҪǶˣڹײĸٻȥˣȥɡ
ĸ󡭡
̫ĿȻϵ̲סֹ
̫תϵۣߵϵ۵ǰϵ۵ۣ϶㸸һֻʣ֪ôĵ⽣Ӱ
⽭ɽȻǻˣҲ֮֡
̫Ŀ׺ݣϢϵ۵ͷ޶ˣ
ϵתȥ׼ȥ̫ͣס¡
ת̫̫˵ˡ
˹£ڡ
ּ⣬лʼãϵµһʼ볯﹬ݣΪ
־󽫾س﹬£ᷢͻţȻһʼãΪТɡ
ȻΪ˶ҪɱʼãȻа˸ֵܣֵܵĺӺܶ࣬һȥȻʻ߸ʮ壬滹Ҫмٿڡ
Ŀڲ˲ֶ̫ιȻǶ
вϣɱйߡ
ЩʼҵãҲη塣

׼뿪̫ģﱧŵģո»ûģŸӣܻϵģȥɡ
ǡ
ˣƺĺǱȹҪҪˣʼҵöҪᡣ
̫壺ȥѾ˴Ҫ£Ǽһ档
ǡ
忴һ۰ƣתˡ
ȥ̫޵һ
̫ȥ£
Ҳˣȥ˰һϢһֱȵ˽ţƱѡ
̿ȥ̫밲ȥ̫밲ȥſڴϿ
ǷŴ϶һ㷴ӦûУúõһ˾Ҫˣﲻۿ졣
޵󣬿޵İķ̫ͻ̫ڣҲ˵ʲô
ֱ޵̫ķˡ
ˣѶŪ̫Ŀһ۾Ȼûˡ
ס̫·ĸ
̫Ȼǿޣĵۣôߡ
Żйȥ밲
ϳȥʱ侲ˣû
Ƿˣǲӽˮˡ
ߣȥ̫ϲˣһȥ¡
촽ڹģ˵ģҲã㲻ҪңҪңҲ£ҿԱ㡣
˵˲ޡ
̫ȴ˿ڣʲôط£
ƻأڶĺ
̫룺˶
˲˲վ
ĸ󡣡
ͶԼ棿̫ʣҲ
ĺȥһ·ѵȥ׼ˣ
ƿˣҲˡ
ĸͶԼ˽ȥҪӶ˵ˣڹ棬˭֪ڹһֱȣֱոձ֪¡
̫ſڵĹ壬˵ȥץˡ
ƿſڣһ̫󣺡ĸôĵôӦ֪һɵġ
̫ƣǲҪץġ
û˵˷Ϊ˵
ĸ󣬶òΪֱ϶᲻ɱġ˵
̫ˣֹ̫˺ˡ
̫󷴶ߣ
˻ͷһ۶ȥС¡
̫˵֣סĸ˵ĻԽԣû覴ãԽԻ󣬾ͺĸƽĸӹУ㲻
˭֪ĸж飬˫ɱˣȾ˶Ѫ
Ʊ̫Ļ𺳣ȻãǸʲôĺ͸Ůˣеı˵Ĳܼ汸ֻŮ˺֮С
ˣΪһ
ɱ飬Һݾͬҳϣ˵Ҫ͸
ط͸ǲࡣ
Ƕãô˻ǲš
̫ƣƣ˵أ
Ƶͷһ£ĸԼǣ֪֪治֪ģȻôĺãȴֻлϣֵ˰ȻˣżȻ
Ȼ˶Ϊλʢ
ΪĹ졣
ûĹ죬ĹֹЩ̫۾ˣ派ӣĸܸˣȥչ˶ɡ
ǡ
ȥտ̫˲ᣬ뿪ȥ̫
»̫СĿһ̫̫ЦΪ㣬Ϊ˶Ψһһȵ۵ˣÿοȵۡ
ܿɹǣҲȵһ
һֱΪֻ٣ȵһ죬ȻᳬԽȵ۵ġ
㡭̫ŵˣԽȵʲô˼
ǲ˵ģԭȻûûãҲǴĺѡˣˣ⻰˵ɡ
̫ߣԽֺ֣ܶ˼أ
檲ҡ̫Ҳˣͷ̫硣
һᣬ̫ƣƣңˣ
ãҪˣʱˣѹûˡʵش
һ£ҪѲأ
ûش
(δ)

һٰʮ 

̫Ȼޣ̫ãͲõģ
̫˲᲻˵ˣŶӿʼѹ
ǿһʱһʱ˯ˡ
̫ģҪѰƽѣ̫ƲϢһʱ
ۿˣ̫ŰѰƽѡ
۾Χ˿ȥʱۿˣЩǡ
۶ûѹȥ
ôǲѰ̫˵ʱʼޡ
Ƽһ£Ϣ΢ٲѹѲˡ
Ǿ˯ȥ˭Ҳû취
üչʱ򣬶۾˿۾һס֣ˣ
ΧţƲƿˣ꣬ʲôʱˣ
̫æ˹ȥ
ĸ
óһҩ裬󿪶˽ȥ
һۣȥ
һῴ̫󣬶Цˡ
ĸ󡭡
̫ߵǰĸΪ٣ĸܸˡ
ллĸ󡣡
̫վһ߲ζġ
ĸڹ㣬ȥĸ밲չ㡣
̫ȻĶׯױȵģĸ󡣡
ţ̫Ҳع޿Ӱ˶ָ
̫ת˦ߣ̫ҪµģΥ̫
Ƹ˸ӣĸ̫
ĸĸ
æ
ȥſڿһۣſš
ʣүûô
ûСҲܵģүȥһˣûһ㶯ûУ֪˭ȥ
ƻͷĶûгΣգҩﶼûˣάϵֻҩҲûá
Ʋչ˶ȥ
ƵĹ壬ڻûл
ȥɡ˴Ӧˣתȥſڡ
Űſڵȣæµһϣȴ޲
ʱſ˻࣬Ϲܼſڵš
ƹܼæȰš
ȫѪŵˣȥƵͷǡ
תƻԺӣŹ塣
ʱ򣬹ŴȫѪŪĻûϣŵϹܼˡ
ƿ˹ȥס˫ۣϸ鹬壬ûŷġ
ء
Ҳúÿ˿ƣĺӹʣòã
ءȷʵûòãͷ˹塣
תŰƵ֣أ
ˣЩҩ࣬ϸˣֻܿҩˣҩЩҵ취ڲУӰ졣ҸˣǸ⺺С
ɡڴӦˣұġ
ûģүС
ԣʱˣ¼£û˭ȱʡ
˼ࡣƶû͵ˡ
Ǹըû¾ð̡嵱ʱ浣ģɫСƿð˰ɫźͱըըࡣ
ĿһůŽš
ţġ
Ŷһ£˰Ƶֱ֣Ŷȥ
£Ŷȥ
šȤ
һЦ˭ֵģ
ҡͷǲߵˣ˵ǵĵߵġ
Ϊʲô㣿
Ҫߣϣɱ˱ӣ˶࣬û
ǺȻߣҪ£ϣȣ
Ψһ֪ȥˣѾץˣڹģһֱ͡
һ󣬱Ҫʡ
ģƽʱ϶᲻òô˺Ȼż
㲻Ҫ˵
üоչ졣
ΪʲôҪⲻȥ
˿ɵҲʱ֡
а
ţҪˣöᱻ
淨еˡ
͹˵һỰҪֱޡ
ŭˣٱǰ޿ģķ
˱ҪƵģתˡ
Σȥ
˶ǰϸļһ£ǶûϢһֱ㣬Ʋˣ˭㣿
أûô˳޵ġ
ƵǰѾˣ룺һҺȥϢ㡣
Ƽûʲô⣬Ź뿪
ȥ
ſ޵ĺ࣬˲ȥ۽ʪ󣺡Żˣ
үԺҲҪˡͷӡ
зֻ֣ʣһˡ
أãȻо֡
ˣȥˡҲЩˡ
ˣǴˣ˭չ㣿
۾žã㰡
ң
ˣȫʽģѪܵĹġ
ʵûգգۣ۾ϣ˯ˡ
ɫԽѿʱˣôãź˵ʱ򣬵ֵˡ
ǣ۸ˣ
һᣬȥΧĸֺأȫ
Ǹһţﻹŵġ
ȥҪ򿪣հַȥſڴһЩ嶾£ɱūûѡ
ôת뿪ȥˣǲ嶾ʲôҲȤʲô
ŶЦ˳ӸϣǾˡ
˯һᣬꤵģԵ㶫ȴΪҪ˾Բ£ܽͳԵ
ˣһ۶
պó￴ˡ
תʮֵľ񣬶ܴ⡣
˯һ߿վſھк˰֣ҪҪ˵
֣ŵߵſڣָָ棬Ŀһۡ
һĿŶ
˿һߵһߣԺ¡
ȥʣƲ㲻ô
ԼԸģûʲôɵĵģȥɣҲһˣţҽ㡣
ҡͷߣ׵ȵҹ뿪
һҹʱһ˯ȿˮѾ
ۣȥˮ
ι㡣ιڣȻؿʹʲôӿûסһѪ˳ͬȥˮЩճ
ŵüһº˼Ӳǲǰ
Ҳϰ䣬Ѫࡣ
ŵһֱ
ſڴϣעŵϵѪĭ̧ͷž۵׵
˽ȥ
ſſǶѪĭŵˡ
ңȥ㣬죡
˶ɿ죬˶ǰŶ˳˳
϶ѪĭӣӸЩҪȥ˰ѪĭӲɾָ˲
ɺãĿˣ̧ƣ뿪
(δ)

һٰʮ 

ɺá
ȥˮ·˺һ£մˮ˲۾˵
ʱ򣬵Ϻࡣ
ɵվš
ҿߵǰסɨ裬ɨһ¡
˭ˮģûĿһ۶ûƽ̫࣬Ͼ޿ɾҩˡ
ҩȥˣչ˶ȥ׼ҩûʱ
ȥɡ
˲ľڻ̫ϣҲ᲻ܶ
ʰˣɾ뿪
˿һ۾Ҳˡ
Ȼȥɣϴ˹պãɡ˱˵꣬Щڡ
ƽʱ˶ٵĳ裬쾡Ȼųӡ
Ʋ
˿ȥߣү˯ô
ûзӦͷ
һȥһ£Ʋʱչүȥȥ
Ҳû˵תˡ
ˣ˲˶ȥʰƣûҪעġ
ƸдһŵӣܳԷ˾øɾĲմˮմմ촽
˼Σһֱ
һ죬Ҳû
˵ǲ⣬ãּʵŮ˾ķ
˾Ҿģû˵
һֱϣˣ˵Ǿˣղˣˡ
ſڣչ˺Ѽ˴ˡ
ҹ룬Ʋŷ־ڡ
תһȦûҵʣأ
ˣڶأˡһˣ࣬Ըźˡ
ƿ۴ϵĶЦ˳˵ǻá
Ӱ˶ָ˵
סӣҪط˿Ҫһ
㣬ڻطһ˶أ
˵ģܵǲģҵġ
ΣֻŶ뿪
ի϶²ΧŶת
իһΣû¾ߣҲ
ָܿ糣
Ƴϵ۵£˭˶
Ϣ죬ƸŹһʥ˶岻ߡ
ʻϡ岻ߡ
ϵվϷһ᣺ʲô£
Σ̧ͷû˳ӵӣǸֵܡ
ϵߵ̨£վڹǰ֣ĸˣ£޻ûˣ
ϣʵǻϵ塣Э
վһ΢΢ͷ
¸ûϵ
ֵܵ¡
ϵۿ۰ƣ壺޵ôˣ
ϵôˣȻɼ
ϵۺЦӣɶºйأòǶȸ״Ҫѹ£
ֻҪ߳ܣû£岻֡
Խãϵϵû˼ûһġ
ùƹ
ʲô޶֪˵ʲô⼸ӹ̫Уˣˣѹȥú÷ʡ
ǡ
˽ҪѹŹ壬飺ϣһʱ
㲻Ҫ˵ɫ𺣬̱졣
Ҫ壬һȥˡ
תˡ
һãȻôˣô£
˰飬¡
޿޾Ȼ뿪޹ȥ˱𴦡ϵ۰ȥһ¡
ٵϸϵɨ谲Ըоϵ۵Ķˡ
ſϵ󣬰ɫ԰ס
ô죿

ϵʰƣ죺ϣҩѹƲס
ô
ϵת̨ȥһһֿš
ƿȥϣ޲ߡ
вʣϵ۾ôû취͹彻
ϵߵ棬תϣסͷŰƣ֣ô޳ȥģ
Ҳסǰ
ƣİҪȥ飬龪ңǶĸʱӵĿĸֻܰʱ
㣬飬̽鶾¡
ƴӹгأջʥּˡ
̥ΪѰٽȥڹ壬ϲᣬҲû֪
ֻǰƱŶβʱ򣬽ҥ췴ϵ۴Σն
˹ȥ̫밲밲ÿβ̫ͬ۰ƾͰˣɺԴӳ﹬ź¿С˵ЮҵҵĲӣ̫⼸ձܲ͡
Ƶͷ˸СƿӸǸĸ׼裬ͷˡ
ĸ֪ôãܴȥ̡
ˣūȻˣš
׼ҪߣƻЩģתסͷһ۶βţ¹ɣĸҹˣҲӦ
˿ƻĶβȻϲȻǹɵġ
ðɣū߰ɡ׼Ŷββ̧ͷģȻȥϸš
һΣιǸ߰
ЦǺǵģƽ⣬Ҳ⣬ҪģرҲҲҪң˾
С£ʲôҡ
β˶䣬ǴӦˡ
뿪βǸźˡ
ĵϵ밲ϵҪȥ漴ŵ˻ʺķǹסڷǹƫ
֪㲻ϲԼ޿ڹߣҪ÷ִ磬˲Ҫ鷳֪ϵڻʺƳߣȴɱ֮
Ƴһϵۣϣѵ㳼檣ϾͲ˵䣿
ϵסƳ֣֪ˡ
۰ƣϵ۰˰֣ȥɡ
ˡ˳ȥصƫ¡
ſûţһᣬƫڻʹй䡣
ǹƲһʱͿ˸飬ǲ˵;֮Ҳʡȥ˲鷳
뿪ǹȥ̫밲
̫ûط飬˵ˣ˻ȻǴΪϱ
ƣ㲻Ҫȥˡ̫ѰٻȥߵĹ齣ʾⰲȥ¡
ԭǲϲƣƱϾ˶ӵ̫ٺͿҲڹϸɫ
Ȼ֪ģҲںǶ˭
Ƹ˸ӣ̫밲
ǹɣɡ̫밲ȥ¡
л̫վžͳɣ顣
ŶǶˣ̫æʣƵǺͬ顣
ʹˣʵ˭ûɣȨ죬ʵ޷ǿˡ
̫ҪԼĶӶС
ˣҲֻڹ⡣
ڹⰲֲġ
һʲô©һоͶǰˡ
ѾЩֻҪճķΣò˰¾ͻ᳹վֻġԥ
̫ʣô
̫֮ˣ˷磬Ⱦ纮ոȣһڣҽ޲ߣĶء
ɱ˻ûҵȻץվû֤ݡ
ҲͰˣץ˷ʡ¡
ǣǾͺ鷳
ɱ˲ģȥǿƲһ˱ǲס
ͣˡ
(δ)

һٰʮ ŭ̫

̫ļ˵
Ϊѣ̫ϸ롣
̫侲תʲôҪ
̫ûʲô飬˵θ޹أֻҪǺйص飬غ
ĸǶ˳Ȼʡ
һӴ̽䡣
£һγأ
˵룬̫ҲĿת
̫ôԴӻпʼڹⰵӿ
ԭȣûõʱһƽ˫ϲţͳˡ
ûȢʱ򣬻ǺõģȢ˲¡
ˣ̫룬᲻˵Ʋ϶ĺأ
̫ߣ۵ɱڣ˶˵
̫ŭ˵˲֪δǰû£˵׼Ǹû˵ĶΪô¶á
Ȣ˲£᲻¶ã
̫ԽԽô£Ƽ˵ѺȻûʲô˵ģ֪˲ĸڶϵӵġ
̫Իϣ˵ġ
ǲô߻һУˡ
أʲôˡ
Ѻˡ
Ȼǻϣ̫Ͳٵʲô
̫˼ӹһһ侲顣
תŻ̫̫һͣ£תƣǺ۸ǹ¶ĸ
̫˿û׷ѹ򣬿̫ŭˡ
ðȻʱǾΥʵ
Ȼʲھ۸ˣĽɽˣҲֲǡ
ҪӾӣ⹬ûô
ƳĬ̫ߵƵǰƣ㲻ͻ˵Ҫ빬Ϊʲô
̫ѾûϹѺڵĻǿ϶ͬ⣬̫Ҳǵ˳֮Ķǳ˵˸鷳
岻ãҪҲšƼ˵
̫ȻһЦת˻ͷ̫µּûǱĶӣ˶۸ͷˡ
̫ȭͷģƣȻȥɣջȥһϵġ
ǡ
˳̫һ£תȥȵȡ
һ̧ͷ̫ʣֻΪ˶
ƵͷΪ˶ҲΪģôԸԭȳףΪʲôĸŶʱˡ
վȻ볯Ӷ࣬飬ͻᲹȻûӣһӦܵ
Ǯˣֱ绢
Ҫѻϵնˣǻʲô
ΪΪ˶ʲô𣿡
渵̫ЦҲ˵ǶԵģǵ̴ˡ
бڣǸң
Ƹˣ뿪һľͿˡ
̫Ϊ˶ŭһأ̫Ӧȥ
ôһУҵҪԸ壬ҲҪ
ƹ۲һ£˲Ǻϵˣ̫Ȼ˿̱һЩ̽Ҳվڻߵġ
뿪תһЩطûлӴϣûɺ͵ӡ
Ʋ֪ߵ幬ڽ幬פһᣬ幬һˣŽգŵĶûС
ɫƳŻܿļʱƿ幬˽ȥ
幬ĵЩԭԺĻή˲١
û˴ˡ
ԺЩҶǻҶӣ紵£ĺҹ졣
Ž幬ߣ뵽ĵù
֪ǲǻʹ;壬ԴӾʼûùá
ӲͱԤˣѾùˡ
ΪִӹΪɣùˡ
ӽ幬תһȦѾˣߡ
ˮʱ򿴵ؽǰͣ¿һᡣ
ʺһ顣
ʲôܽӴʺ²ǾĴֲ̳غ컨ô׵ģغ컨ζصģŲġ
ϸһ£˽ؽ
ƿ˿ˮ
սžͿſڴɨƹæŷɨѣŰƿ˼ϥأַŵ¸񣺡μ
ƿ棺ɣģô
ǰƲ˶ʶ֮ǰĽ幬ˮҪ˲ټֻˣʵ
ȾҪ͵סӣûκεĲˡ
(δ)

һٰʮ ʹܵ

ӵȻһЦˣ
Ƶǲϰߣ˵ĸоǰˣÿμ涼ܸˡ
սûʲôطȥߡȥҾ˸ӣϵŮˣô΢ҲǻϵŮˡ
ĵλٸߣҲǲġ
ŰƣضѾˡ
ĵλʱͬգ˵Ҳ᱾ˡ
˵Ҳû£ﲻˡ
Ѿʲôˣɾͺá
ݲҡ
ƿͿ׽ţ̽׼˲ˮ￴˿ʰĺܸɾڲסĺᡣ
סĻôʣͷ
ãֻǲ֪䲻䣿ƽӡ
¡Уᵮ»ϵãĻҪһЩŻϻȥ幬ƽֻۣҪӳǴһϵ۲ɡ
ϣ˰ɡ
˵ͷӡ
˵ѾϹˣΪܵǣʵЩֱӣƵûʲôס
Ͼ￴ѣôʾͺ
һ£ǲ彡ȫûȻû£ֻǵĶ塣
ʣ˵ôô
ƵͷʱûǵĶ
Щô˲񣿡ʮֲ⡣
Ȼҳ֣²񣿡һᣬ˿ûʲôɿģš
ҪߣųͰƣЩڣҪͰƣ˸š
ҪͣˣͰơ
Ӳ㣬ǻȥɣʲôʧҲµ
ͷ˿ֿ˿Χ
ͣ¾˵󡣡
˵
ƿһΧʱûˣǹġ
ϴҳ£˵˲غ컨ĶǴغ컨ôģ
һֱʣûлᡣ
һ£غ컨Ķǲ֪ģǴӱϷֵġ
ǵǰҿ˵顣
ʱȻЩ֣ǲûغ컨Ķ
غ컨ĶζŨҶҩУУȻᷢ֡
ʱûз֣˵µֶκܸ
ڱַˡ
Ǽ޻ߵˣȻߵˡ
ͷȻһ
תһվŵˡ
ؽվǰŵŮ
幬˳֮󶼱նˡ
ؽǺò׳ģ˶ˡ
ؽô
˵أҸˡ
ƴˮ뿪Ż˷ǹ
ոսȥͿʺߵĹùõš
ϧùǻʺˣǰƺټҲΰƽżˡ
ϧùʮ꣬Ȼʺ󣬵ȥȴᣬҪ˵֪ϧùö
ϧùø˸ӣˣ
ƿ۷ǵùˣҾͲȥʺ밲ˣȥЪˡ
תסƫžȥϢ
˯ҹſʲôٿ۾ſڡ
ſˣŵġ
´ʱ˭
·ư˳ſȴϧùø˵ˣ
һ£˵ϧùô
ҹģ˭֪Ҫʲô˵ˣǲĺʱô
ūū¡ϧù˵žˣϸϸĲӣȷֻϧùһˡ
УǳȥǲȥƴʱҪСġ
ϧùôĵӣʱżȻ
ȥ鷳
££ϵ磬ƿ˳ȥڷǹ濴һۣǹﰲĹ졣
ŷǹſڿȥſˣһյ
ʰҲ֪ϧùվ
ǱϧùȿڣҹϢˡ
ϧùô
ƵǲôǣҪ붯ͶˣǹˣͲˣ
ҪɱҲŪطȥ
ϧùõ˵ͷū
תϧùȥǰ棬˹ȥ
һǰһ󲻼죬ûýǹĹǽţƿŽȥϧùýȥῴһյ˳ߣŽȥǡ
ϧùǻϵˣ
Ѿ뵽ˣڻʹվȽŸжģûи˳űȻܡ
ǻ̫̫¡
ûжãûⱾǡ
˵Ƴķǹô顣
ʹѾûʲô˿뵽ˣΨϵۡ
ϧùɡ
ҲʣūŵľӵǲʣҲ˵
ƿһյ˳յǱߣûõ˵ǰϣְ̧ѵժŵƿһţȥˡ
ߣһһȣ˳ȣǽϳһţƿǽȥһطƼŷ;롣
һĵ
Ųŵתȥϵһɫӣؿצ֮䡣
׼£ϵ۽ס˵ٴΣ
վϡ
ϵ۴ţվϧùá
ϧùõͷ˳ȥ
Źϣϵ۳ĵ޵ȥŵš
ȥ鷿ϵһ飬Զƿǰһš
ϵȥҲ˽ȥ
ĹӺϣǰһͨͨͷשʯ죬ңװңǽϵʯͷϸµıڻǺͼ
СĸţЩǺͼ𺳵ġ
û뵽ôһط
ϵ۲ſڣô
Ƶͷ⣬̿֡
޵һʱҲ⣬Һܻ̿֡ϵЦЦͯ
ʱ޻Сǵøʱ޴߹˵Ǵʵ׼һ·
ֻлʵ۲ܽ
ҪԱʱ֮衣
ϵ۳ɣ޲á
˲ʢӢĹò·ô롣
ϵҡͷˣΪսôݣ޻õ
ϵۿƣǴģ޲ãȴҪţΪأ
һ£Թܿܲûʲô£ʤ߻̤ʧߡ
ʧܵһ֮ʲôûˡ
ŮͳʤߵսƷ
ǲƴĵˣ಻˰ֱ档
ЩŮݵֶΰռĵˡ
ʤߵĵǣڿ˵ģıʿ޾衱
ϵ΢΢һЦ˵ģ
ҡͷǣһЩ飬ʦҵġ
޺Ƶʦ
תϵ۳ǰߣǰһᡣ
ϣҹҪ·Ըһᰲ̲סʡ
ϵ۲˵¡
(δ)

һٰʮ ̫

ƽѾ˺󹬣ʲô֣ϵ۱߱ʡ
ʵش𣺡ҳ¶ˣ˻ʺ˶̽ˡ
ϵۿƺЦ֪仰޿ɱ㣿
ƹ£̿֡
ϵ۵ӾǰƵͷ˫ְڵϡ
ϵ۳һᣬŰ
ôôһھͰŵùˡϵЩκΡ
ưÿȷʵ˲ģȲûбϣոǳ³çˡ
޵ˣÿʱÿ̲ıʵҲɼϵϵĵŵǰ߹ȥһһ߽аƸš
ƺһ꣬ź
ҲУҲС
ϵһ˵Ҳɻʺ󣬱Ͼ޲Ҳǻʺһɣ˴ж̫죬Ϣ
̧ͷϵ˼ǣ
˯źҹΣ칫޴޹Ȼ󵽴ߣҾޣǰһڹߣƣȴǵ÷ʲô顣
ֶһⲻˣ޵ģ¡
ϵһأͣ£ϣϿ
ϵ۰ָƣɨ裬ϸһᡣ
ϵĶڣ¶
šϵ۵ͷ
룺ϣɲ¶ˣûлᣬ̫ͻ̫òᣬ̫ϵģ̫裬ȴ飬ˣû
ϵĿԶǣ᲻Ƕأ
û£̽Ҳġ
ҡͷ²⣬ǶҲ
ŶϵմȾЦ⣬ڡ
ϣ£ѱļӺϣҲδлᣬοΪ˶غ񣬶ϲӺϵ顣
ϱԼ⣬ôӺϡ
˵ĻʣһˡϵۿŰĿͼ֣ЦЦЦתŵŰ뿪
ζӳ£ǺףʺĿġ
ʣһŮϣʲôˣɷıӻҪˡ
Ƴǲ
ˡ
ܵһ£Χ԰ˡ
ʱٻţĻš
Ƹ˸ӣϣȥǹҪ˶ãԼȥ
㵽ſڣߣ޻ȥʺ
ǡĸϵ뿪԰·ϧùõ飬ϴ
ϧùǰ빬ĹŮòɫѣĸ󱾴Ϊѣ͸˻ʺڻʺ̷
ȹޣǰƣһ޶㲻
ϧùÿôʡ
ϵһЦ칫һߵˣǷŲҪǶûбѹޡ

ûʲô˵ģſϧùãϧùû˷ǹ
ŰƱȥϢûþ˾λЩҰо̵ϳϵۻˡ
˸ƲȥϢ
糯
ϵٳ£ٹо󲿷ֶǵġ
ϣ֣̿ޱȨԻ֮Χʹǣ²ס
⼸ϳĻӶ࣬Ϊ̫¼ŭǣ׷ϳ
ʱ˵ϵ۵ү
ϵ۲δڡ
·үҲϣţǲС
ү׷׳УŹһЩү
ϵɫݣδκ
̫˿ϹŵүǣةҲĹپûһҶġ
ĿķǱƹء
ٽհڣ¿Ҳڡ
˵ĸףͺͰ£սر֮ء
պȻҲ⡣
¿ûҲǲϵүǡ
ϵ׼˵ʲô棺̫
ϵ̧ͷȥ롣
̫С̫ĸ߰Ů֣ӵ˽
̫⴩һɫĺ죬˸ױݡ
Ŀһ۳ϵˣȥϡ
ϡ̫˵ԻϿɼǾмӵġ
Ů֣¸ϵ밲
Ů澲μϣꡭ
˸˵صڴϣȻ١
ɣ̫պȻʲô£ϵ۵Ȼ
̫˸ӣΪ˶ģҶˣʮǣҶȲˡ
˵ЩҪҶ£Ҷйأϵġ
ҲǰҶǻʼҵãҲܵͷˡ
ӵҳӣߡҪҶǲǣ
ʲôģ
Ҷְץˣô
żˣ
Ȼȥ˲żģͿʼҪ·ˣ
ȻǹҵģҲˣڵѵеգ޵
ȻǴȻʣȻȥˣǻϣ˵䲻ģȥлϵĶӣ壬ǻϵ㡣
ˡʲô
̫˵ĵϵɫ԰ףһЦߵүߣ̧һš
үͨ죬ӲûҶһ£Ů˷˭Ҳܲˣлҡ
̫Ц壬ôˣ˵ԭϲҶƲҶȥ·ϳ£Ȼûм֪
ģżˣǽˡ
̫βϺݺҧҧȻŭʲôƹأǸʲô
̫һȫˣ̫ȵϣһµ֮£ɺܴ󡣡
顣ةѵú;̫ͳһսߣϵۿȥ޲
漴顣
¿ŵ顣
˶顣
үŭ̫ûүһ䣺һˣëҪˣڼҺúۣܳȻˣ
үǲ˵ָ̫үŭ𣺡ø
үŵһ£̫ʢ⣬̫棬תϵ˵ϣˣǼⲻǱǳôǻᣬȻҪΪʹʱһͬ⣬Ǳ
ѽʧ̬ˣϿɲҪ᱾ׯء
̫ׯ֪ϵºͲʧ¡
̫ŵϣˣʮֹЩҳֲԱ빬ϣ϶׼
׼ˣϵ۵Ȼ
̫Цˣл϶׼Ǳˡ
̫
̫תŮֺƺƵȥ
ϵȥ飬̫ȻţȴӲԤ˵ʲôŻἤŭ̫
ϵȻŰй̷ˣһ£˳
ϵ۷ȥ̫վɨɨӣ۵ϵİתȥ
̫һߣû£½½ˡ
(δ)

һٰʮ ·

̫һ֣ѹ˳ȻǸмġ
ȥ˻Ǹл
ƻ̫Ǹˣ£׼һЩԲĵġ
һᣬ飬ƸŻ̫ȥӶ
Ʋˡ
һ¼ƣ˼æߵƵǰ
ˡһæŸ߰ơ
ҿߵǰϸһ£ɨɨ衣
ûʲô£һԵҩûˡ
Ϣ˻˯ŵģϸűӣ̧
˻ú˶¸ҩˣҪҩƲ뿪
ʥּȥ̫ҽԺǱߵҩһЩҪҩģ˸͵ǹǱߣ֮ƾڷǹƫ㲻оҩġ
ֱǹ
Ʋ¹Ҳˡ
Ȼûãߵķűˡ
û˵֪ǹ塣
ÿ棬ƵǲʲôûԽ塣
룬ϰǿ£
ߵſڴţ̧ͷȥʱѾ屧ס
ϧùø˸ȥ
Ҳסģսֱ۰˿
үûŰ㣿
ɳƣƿƿˣ
ûôġеɬطʱܵԴ˯ȣôģ
Ŀһȥһڣû뱾
죬ǹ⻹йŮ̫ġ
Ҳ湻Ҫġ
˵ɡưѹֹš
ץͱ§סˡ
ˣһھЩžǣƴ£ùſϣֱ.
ģ˿ˣ
Ʋϣȸˣ͸סƵģܶ벻
˺ĥһᣬưſڣ§ס塣
뱾ô岻ģ׷ʡ
롣Ҳ˼˷ܾһ¾ˣͷǣûһ߻صģֲҹ
˯ѣѾǺҹˣᱳ۵ӡ
칬̫˷ܣûüֹͷƵİ£Ūðƺܱ¡
ƶ˶ﻹƵƣ鰸ǰʲôȥ
ϷһŻѺĿڹǹ巡
һۣдľ͵˹˿֤滹һ֤飬ǹϹԼǩ֤
ưѿڹ£ȥ塣
үҪˣ
û⵱ȻҪˡȥˮˮȥơ
ƾ֣үˣ
ƹǣüͷֻǿŶס
үˣΪϵ۵¡
̫࣬ƺӦ˲Ͼˡ
£Ǳƹ±ӣӷˮ˳
ȥ§Ź̧ͷ壺үô
ºͰѲ˹ϵ˭Ҫ󡣡
ү˼ǣ
ͷڰƶ˵Ƶͷ֪ˡ
ϢһϹȥ糯ȥ׼ҩģմͽӵϢȻˣҽΪʲô޲ߡ
ҽ֪ҽ߳밲ƹȥһ
ʰһ£ֱš
԰ʩΣѿҲסˡ
£Щ
ôˣ
Ҳɷһ飿
Ƭ̣Ϊ£޻˵˵ûôҪ뺦ˣαҪʱ¡
ο֮飬ôô
߷߲ƽ첱Ӵ֡
ư˰֣ûУǱδûУȥԼ飬и
ԥƬ̣㡣
ץס᣺ƲѾ̫ˡ
ס̧ͷԵȻôܣʲôû
ǻ̫Ϊֻĸ֪ңƲ
ֵܣڶʮŭģҶûµ֤
ǾʣƲˡ
󲻳ҪƲƫƫƲһҧ
˵Ǳɫˡ
ƵȻ޲ĵ˵ͷʵ²˭ֻҪ˳ϵһ飬ͷģһ飬ҲûˣûûѵͲŪô
һᰲƣƽȥˣǱûв´Ʋû£˴ǰֻҪʳһЩ
޿ɷ棬ûء
ƵҲǿſվŵİڹ£Ѻ
һۣȷû⣬̧滭Ѻ
дϣӡƿһۣѿڹ߰ɡ
Ű뿪ǽϡ
Ƴѿڹƣ߰ƿһۣԭȵʧһЩ֡
㵲ѣ
Сֵģûء
Ƶ壬ûֻ˵һΣҪã˼ࡣ
Űڲŵһᣬܿ쵽ߣŰߣڴ
ƾ֪ǸƢ
ûˣ
˫סƵֱۣڹ壬һүԸ
ţȻûһ飬ڵűͣȥˣ
ǡ
Ųŵ뿪ƸŹȥԺ
¹غ׵飬ԺҪкС
ƽſκִԺ﷢ƾûȥš
ǹȴ˸кڵȱô
κִתĿ޲Ƴȴһ¡
ЩıκִʣôʱԺæˣ
²ġΧ˿ʵùأ
Ъšκִ첽ȥҳˡ
ֲܣֹܹƲܡ
ǴԺÿš
ֻаƺκִˣǰκִ̬ȣһꡣ
·꣡
κִû˵ֻǴƣ֣£
ǹŴκִô˵ʱô
װɣ
£ȥκִʮֿתȥ
һ·ҲûжԶܾκִ
á˶㶼Ƶͷˣҿǰˡ
һ˸ʲôƲ죬Ƣôô
ùѲɰǵģƤƵģƲЦ̲סֵ̧ס졣
κִŰƣоʲô˳˼κִסƵסˡ
žһ̨ͭ䵽ϣ졣
һ̣ȴŭڸʲô
κִһ˾Ͷ㿪ˡ
һãȻǱסˣ˵Сȴȵģ
(δ)

һٰʮ һ

Ŀ⣬ôһ˲оʮѵӴӹ۾ֱʱضܰˡ
ΪԱһһǰκִȥ
үոճ㣬ͺȻס˳檣ʵǲ֪ˡ
ƿ˼ܿ쵽˹ǰίĿ˿塣
ȻκִŭκִСˣ㵨·ϣ.±
κִ׻˿ƣֿ˿塣
νҪòǷ޽̶ˡ
κִԥһ£ȭ˵ְû.ոɳְ±ȥסˣȴû뵽ᡣ
ҪñְﱰְĽڣְԵΪЧңѡ
һ˵κִոκִȷʵҪġ
ǲǿ飬˵
Ȼ㲻˵κִѹȥΡ
˰κִߣſŭĹ壬˵˾䣺ү֪檺κִûʲôЩᣬΪʲôҪô
ۿˡһίʵơ
˵ʲôͷϣҲ˵ʲôű졣
ĳȴ˳ƽǷ޾ȻֵҴԺˣǲ̫ˣ
æתȥ񣺡ùá
㻹ҴùãҿʲôˡɫûĿ۰ƣżӣһ°ɫĳ۴Ӱ˹ȥ
ֻתϹϾվš
廹ڲˣһ˫ġ
ǰЩӲ˵Ҫóʣµôҿھ͸˰ɡƸոݺ˵С壬κִǹģǺõһҡ
ѵһ£ǲԡ
ί²Ĵǹ˹ˣôͳĴˡ
ˣҲֻίȫˡ
ãҲû취
ùãҲҪùãʵȱӣ˲ӡޱꡣ
һҲûΪǮ鷢û뵽һΪǮ
ɲܣûҾͲˣǷ˾Ҫġ
ùãǾ׳ģڶòӣǲǾͿȲûˣ
㻹ˣҪȥһ̫ʣſϻӣת̫
һģ黹Ҫ̫ǳԱ˳ŵģ۸ˣ
ˣ
˵ùҪݶ죬Էڸùá
֣ڣ
ǣڡƼ򵥵Ľ˷ڵ˼
֣ӷֳɶ٣
ȷϾô࣬¼ٿڣӾҪǮҲĺܣүڼҲûȥ̣ĺƽҲȥ
ȷʵûӣʹ͵ҲȥˣǸߡ
룬׬Ѿڽӣ׼С⣬նļ㣬ÿҲ׬һЩӣȥĿʣģʣľ͸ù
ȴùð湻ˣϽɹ⣬Ժ󶼷õʱá
ʱѾǶ˼ֵ
Ӽҹӣ׻Ҫиϸּҵϱ
ûĿһ۹壬ŸߴϣʵǸ廨ͷʲôö
Ҳ˵˵ݼ졣
ûеӹ˵Ҫ뷨ȥ׬ǮôһȺˣ
˿һ´ٳ٣
ǧƿڵ
ڲƭͱˣڿ˵ÿҪӵĿһ¾ҪӲſɣʲôӣһ׬һӣ
ùòصǣжİ취ԴùֻҪӼɡ
Ѿѻ˵ˣŲΪˡ
ȻˣҲһˣһΪڣӸ׼
ƵͷȷʵһˣǶ¸¿ʼÿµµǰù
š
ӦˣƲ˵Ȼȥˣ취ù׼ӡ
˵žȥȻˣʲô
ƿ˹ֶƳˡ
˵ùãǰ˵ıˣոհˣҪȥ͡
ȵȡûˡ
ùãˡ
˵깬ŵĨƵģתߡ
ںһ䣬ѾԶˡ
˳ˣдһӣȥŰκִȥ˾ͻˡ
߳Ѿѹˣǲˡ
һ֮дһӸƣÿǧӣһ껹壬ʮ¡
յӵҲ⣬Ͼʮº黹
ӱȻЩۣ˶ˣҲںһˡ
ֻҲϡͿóȥġ
(δ)

һٰʮ 

ųȥҹ壬°˵һүǳģˡѴֲȥҳ˵£Ӿүɡ
ůſһ飬о顣
ȥһۣ˵ǰʮµȻϣȺµʱ߱ȥǡ

Ҳ˸ӣպá
Цյˣ
ƻûôСЩɺҲãǿҲá
֮ܶеġ
޿һᣬȿڣκִȷʵҪңҲǹģȻҺǸˡ
忡һûģ
үǹһЩ˽һЩƵǿˣѲɶǹһְŵģκִεҲ̫ˡ
Ϊ˰£嵱
һʱκִţǲҪͷѪˣ
嵹û뵽ĸ飬뵽κִһ
κִҪЮùã㵱ʲôˣȥ£ҪҪˣ
ԽԽȥκִˡ
£ʹ壺ô˵үСǼ
˭СǼ岻ã
ƿһۣκִģҲûôүαؼƽЩѲү汻ϲһҪЩݺݺ඼
һõĲֵֻһΣүԺĪˡ
ﵱ治ʹ죬ҲӹȥϾûôӡ
պӶ˵ʱүԣҲֵ֧ġ
˵갲תˣûˣһӾôˣЩá
Ȼǲʹ죬ˣֻȥˡ
Ѿˣ׼
ƿŹȥƣ׼ҩģ˹ȥ
ôҪҲҪûôߡ
Ųһ£㿿һЩ
үԽסˡԴϵ۵֮󣬹Щסˡ
˽⣬л֮
ûҵٹЩӱҵˡҲΪ³ƣԽԽżˡ
ʲôΪʲôһ㶼鲻
ⶾⲻˣô죿
ʰ׼뿪嵲ſڡ
ơ
廹ǲġ
ԥһ£үȻ㶼֪αػҪ׷ʣܰ쵽һ쵽ǰ첻үңҲûá
ƿ˻Ṭ壬˻ȥ巢˵үģһ߾ܡ
ûлش̫
ҪعһҪտҪϵ۵Ķ
Ͱƽ
ƴӳ칫ϧùѾڹſڵŰˣҩĴӳȥϧùüˣŽ˰ҩ͵ǹ
ȥʺƳ밲ƳѾȺʱ
ɡ
ϵĵģƿɲȥ
ЩĶǳ˳õģԾҩҲ»ˡ
οʱﻹиСģʲô˵塣
Ҫȥȳһʺ밲
ȥɡ
ƳȻЦ˳ȥȥ˻
ŰȥıӰƳ˰֣ʾе˶ȥֻʺһĳȥһ߳һߺЦ
һֻèӴ˽ƳĽһȦ
Ƴһŵϣèͷ
նʼת۾ˡ
Ƹ׼ߣ˲ס˵ʲôҪͰɡ
ûſˣʲôɣ
ŷſƣһĲ鲻Ը
˵Ҳˣˣ˰ɡ
֣Ҫ
š˵ͷ¶ˣˣҲˡ
ƿ˾ͻһ仰ÿһӶһ֧Ǳɡ
Ȼ֤һ㡣
ԭԲԲ̫ڿȴɼ
˵ڲסģ
вԸҵǼʣҾһ뵽չˣû÷չô죿
ƾᣬôþ͸չˣ
ҿķûġ
ƿǺķ
Ҫˣ⹬ҲͲ̫ƽˡ
˼ҷ޵Ҳö˵ʲôҲûܡ
ȥˣҲΪѡ
ҲܻȥҲݲңҡ
ȥҲպðҿһ㣬⼸Ҳܹˣûһǲġ֪޴ȥ˵ˡ
ȻǸмƿת
Ҳ֪ƢôģҲȷʵϢһ£ôȥҲҪѲƤˡ
(δ)

һپʮ ̫Ĵ

˰ȥ̫밲ڹſںţƼæС鲽ǰ밲
ū밲
æ
ʱ˵ϲԩѩˡ
ȻףǸأ̫϶ҲΪҪ˵ġ
ƻˣطһ鷳ˣһֻҪĽݽˣ˵ĽĶͷ˾齻һ䣬ǽˡ
ǵǲ쵼̫ˡ
͸СϺһʱضпܱһŲ
˳ȥ밲̫ɡ
лǰ¿˿̫ݹſŶβ
βǺܶأȻܻصƵĻӲû
Ҫ˵βԣֵġ
ԣǶβҲǰƼٮٮˡ
̫˿ƣ°ɡ
Ÿ˸¡
̫бڴϣԵ
ȿڣĸ󣬶㿴
̫漴ȥ޹ֻˡ
̫ʣԸ飬˼˼
ǶԼ˼ɨ̫壬ȷûʲô⣬ŷſֻش
̫Űƣϵӡ
ߣ֪Ԥ£Ƕ
˵֪ԴС
˵̫Į
˵ҪͲܿŲܣȻûǾȥãҲһҪԲС
ȥһ̫Ƕ֮١
ĸǶˣһͲĸͷĸôܺһʶʶҲи
̫ȻͬϾ̫ڹκ˷
䲻ܰ裬ȴǲҡ
ĸڣ˼ɣĸ󲻹ȻĿ˵ġ
룬ֻû̫ͷðʱ졣
ҲȷʵǶͷ֮ǡ
ڣڹ£ôҲȷʵǶ෽
ҿǳǸ̫̫ûһ۰ƣֻȥ̫߹¡
ʲôû˵̫ȥ̫ͨˣܴΪأ
һ£ҡͷ֪Ըĸ̵
ɡ
̫齣æ̫
̫һһ˵⹬ԭܼҵģǻϳһǣǸͻһʱ䣬ȻѳرЩӵˡ
Ҳˣã̫࣬նա
ͻ̫֮ߵ죬ڹвɺĵλȫǱļڳš
лϵϲͱ뻪̫Ȼҳ϶ȡ
ЩǣԶġ
ȻȥҳϣҲǲıġ
̫ʱ򣬾ºġ
Ϊ˻Ⱥˣ׵İ֮¡
ҲΪȼݲ̣ºͣرʮ
˳͢ĸ󻼡
ʱұȨգ¹߸£Ȼ塣
ɱϾһΪºͣȻʵи˵
Ȼ뱾飬
Ȼʱ򻹺ᣬ͢ȹ̡
Ψһ뵽ľû̫빬ݡ
ͣЩľګ̫̫תƣĮһЦǲǺܾȣ̫ȵŮӣǿıǸԼ鷳
룺ֻ̫ʶƵȻʶԻҵĿ϶һǰѻ̫ӽʡ
̫ͷûдȷʵˣҾѻ̫˹Ҳҷ
ƵͷףûʲôѺ˶ԷŮܿˡ
̫ʱʮ꣬ʱûдú߰ĺܣүȥ׵ģҵȻףǵŮ޸ǡ
ȻʱҲᣬΪ˰ңҲòȥ˻ҵġ
Ҫƻֻ̫û̫İĽȻʣȻȷʵõ
̫֮ţȫΪҲǻϵ⡣
֮궹ޢ̫֮꣬һ۱ϲϣܱ֪Ȼʲû˿ƭ
Ȼ˵̫ʱҲ⣬ŮӣȻʲǻΪɫ֮ˣ̽˻ֻ̫̫һǸԶıŮӡ
Ȼʻ˵ԻҵһЩ̫ԼԸ빬ݣҪȻʴӦֻҪЧңȻʲŲԣɱһˣҵı̫Ըһл
˻̫빬顣
֪꣬
ҲòŬ룬Ȼش𣺡ܴ
(δ)

һپʮһ ȻʱĹ

ǵģܴǰȻʲһЩˣЩǵҪİʯΣȨһЩҳ鳼
Щġ
˿㿪ʼѳ衣
ǱҲվڻߵģԱһ£֪һжǻϸġ
ЩǻжˣЩӳͻ¡
ҪԼĺӣҲʧȥӣӦ˲ϾȷѪꡣ
ǵλãǻ̫ס
Ϊ̫ڳУȫȥ˱߹أҪ֪ҪЧȻʡ
ǻ̫񣬵ϲĶӣҲñġ
Ȼϣܸһ㣬ȴᷴ
Ȼȥʱǹ¶ĸܵУ̫˿δģȫϣ̫Ȼʵġ
Ʋδ˵̫Ļ̫Ǽ򵥵ˡ
һϣлվߵλãԸΪһ£Ը׳Ƴʵܿ¡
رǳɷһŮˣȻ˵ԹȴҪǰıѡ
ⲻʲô˶ġ
۰ƣر߹ض꣬κһ˶Գ͢ģڳҲԤɿлҵˣ
ҡͷδ
ЩÿQʵ£µЩƽ仰˵񲻴ڵˡ
֣㲻ôװݵġ
̫۲찲ƣò˵ô˵ҾԳ͢ʵв
̫ЦŨԭҲǺͿ̫ѾٻȻ籾ĵλߣʱȻղУǴ粽룬Ȼٳ裬ĶݣѾռ⣬˴Ѿԡ
˻ΣΣ
ʵѾõ˸õõġ
丹ܵУ뱾ͬ顣
οͱͬĵˡ
Ʋ⣺ǰ
ߣȻǵӣһĶȻһĸͬȻһĸֻͬгС
ôأ
ĸΪʧȥĺӣ
һ棬ɱ֮ʹܳģƹǸΪڻԭ򡣡
ƹǱȻʣѾ뵽ˣȻʵŮˣۼȻʱȣȻǷŭвʵġ
ͬ飡
̫ǱȻʣҲǱƱͻֻ̫ϧ˭ûóѡ
Ī˵ˣڱ߹صĻҾҲҪɵ
Ȼڵʱ򻪼ҾȻʵһȻʲںʱ⣿
ЩἰҪϰѻҵľӷɢ͹ƹܣɻ˵ΪҴģɢƣȶȥ
ʵףҾǲܶġ
Ƶͷˡ
̫ʣ£˵߹ؾͻжγ£ɿ߹ʲôٶ
ҡͷ̫Цǻ̫ñ߹ضģöڹ̴Ľɽ𢣬Чһϡ
ɵӣӽ𣬾ȻʵĻҪҪĲȻʣȻʵĽɽȻʵĺӡ
ȻֻǣΪȻֻб
ƶڹȥĳ飬˿֪
ԭļҲûУʲô벻
̫˵ãҵĺܣЧһϣȴŮ֪ʲô
ϸ͡
̫Ҳת˵ԭȵۻģȻȥʱ򣬰Ǵˡ
ĸ˼ǣ
˼Ƕˡ
꣬˵ĺ֮ǣ
ɵóķǻ̫
Ůˣ֣
֪ΪʲôȻʴǣʺưٸΣô֪
֪
޷ʱ
ȻҪеʱ򣬴λ»ʺ
Ȼʿ첻ˣͼ䣬̫Ϊ˱أҲˣڸ漱ҾسȻʸܵУ̫Ϊϣʧȥ˸еĺӡ
̫ǷҪϣûµġ
ʹ˸ϵס͢
̫ѾûˣŭȻʣΪ˻̫ѵʱλԼһЩڲ˱ƹȫ
գЩûм屳ǣֻ˱ͻ̫ˡ
ϵǻɲϰ֣ǲӵȻʣȻʲɱǡ
ڻϵǻǰҪöһʵۡ
ΪֻҪ˻ң̫һ仰Ͼˡ
̫߻ȥ£飬˻֮С
߻ȥʣĸ󣬻̫ô˵ģ
ʻ̫ôġ
ǡ
أ
룺̫Ǻްġ

ĸȻ֮ĸͻ̫Ϊĸͻ̫
ǡ
ΪȻʲ̫Ҳ̫ͬϾһŮӣԸΪȻȥȻ᲻Ҷ
һŮӣòһټġ
κһ˶ϲ
Ļƿɲ˵
ϾŮƶʣ˵ŭ̫󲻻㡣
(δ)

һپʮ ĺ

Ʋ˵̫Ĭһ˵̫أΪɵô
ʲô
裬Ϊ֪Ҫڹ裬ȥ
αװ
ȥǰŪǷǣֻʹˣһʱû
ʱδĵ㡣
ûѱġ
˵ϣ̫ûѡ
ף̫Сĵ㣡
ˣպȥǻ̫ˡ
𲻳ԡ̫˿ʾⰲȥ£ȥ¡
̫ŰƳ񣬰Ҳ˺һᣬƲ뿪
뿪ʱ̫ʣβô
ˣСĸ󣬶ڵʱ෽ע⣬ĸ¶Ҳ֪
̫ЦΪʲô㲻ĸأ
ԥһ£¼ĻĸҲһݾˣãֻҪǶԶõģǱ㲻ǻˡ
ȥɡ
̫СҲⰲƣǾ֪
Ƹת뿪﹬
Ͱ뿪ƺ棺ԭȹﻹĹôȻǻᡣ
еģмأȻߵʱѳˡ
֪˵ʲôҲܻ䡣
Χˣڰ֣˶Զˡ
֣ôࣿ
ȱľŮˣ㿴ϣȻԭֻлʺ󣬵ЩŮҲǿεġ
ǰϵĺҲ˵ġ
ԭˡ
ЦЦȵȥʱǴŵġ
ת£
ЦЦ⹬Ǵȱµġ
û˵ʲôͰƵ˷ǹתˡ
ת뿪ĺ̲סȥ룬⹬Ѫȷ硣
ÿ˶ͨˡ
˵ȻԭϡǴλ
ԭ򲻵ö֪վйµġ
վһᣬתŷǹȥžͿſڵϧùãϧùÿƸ˸ӡ
ϧù񡣡ţϧùȥ
ˣʺȥš
Űһ꣬⹬˭ķ˶ҳԣΨʺԡ
޸ʱϾУһӲܽⶾҲ鷳
֮ģϵۺƳ
μϣʺ
ɣϽ磬Щ嵭ĲƷŰɡƳȻжȡ
ƹ֣лʺ񰮣ԼһţȻţʺĪ֡
ˣȵȰɡ
лʺ£ˡ
ȥɡ
Ƹϧùţӷǵ˷ǹȻ˵ԼˣȻͲҼڹȣֻڷǹˡ
ĶͶˣҲ֪ʲôʱ
һĿŲԶ˸ʱûȵ壬ȷˡ
ϧùãǻȥɣүӦµˡ׼ȥ
˼ææĺ
תŮææ˰Ƶǰּææĳϧùø˸ӣϧùá
˹ڵϣãȥ
Ҳ˲æųŻȥ
СŮææĸš
ϧùÿŰˣŻȥ
·СŮ߰ƣһֱԣźܲá
˻ƹ˲ֱǰһĿԣһ߿
˺󡣡ߵǰַŵϣɨ裬ɨ˶ȷûʲô飬£˳һҩ
ҩ滺һЩڿԡ
ŵʱ򣬰ƿǲǸʲôˣ
ɫ죺ûʲô
̫ʱһĿⲻã㵽׸ʲôˣ
סæ˵ĸϱûиʲô
ûгԣΪʲô̫ɫԭͲϲʱᷳˡ
æŹ£ĸϱûС
£ʱҲǿԺúݵƫҪѰ
ûǼԵˣƿҲˣڴġ
ʱƲôûз
ҿ졣
󿪶죬һ档
ſƿոոԵô
ǡ˲ᣬѾСˣѵҲô
ƿŮ͵ˮ
ŮȥˮƶˮڣôˣƷС룬˵ЩԣѻúҲǺ
޼˵ίû뵽
ҲܳԳ
̫˵Щʲôȥţӱķȥɡ
ֻվȥš
Ǹޣ
ƣ㲻ú
(δ)

һپʮ ˵ĺø

̫Ⱦȥƣѵ£
̫ңոȥͲԼȥҰˡ
ȷʵǳѵԭ򣬵˿ԣΪţǳһʳ
ǰƲڵʱҲǳѵģôͳˣ̫⣬ɵģǲǰƹԾ
Ͼйڡ
Ȼ׻̫˼Ҳ֣Ҳ֣Ʋʡ
ҲãˣȥƲ
̫ԸˣƱȥЪˡ
ȻѾû£ƻЩģҪѯƲ飬Ҳûߡ
ЩʱŴӹ
æȥˡ
ˣȥ
һīɫȹЩ֣Ѿͷôϳʲô
Щˣôôãڹǰʱʱʲôȥˣ
˵ȥ˿
ոɫһĿ׺ݣѱ㻹òȥ
æŽͣСҶ˽⣬㡣
飬ҿ
ָˣ𣬲뿪벽ȥš
ֱޣŶҪˡ
ߵ̫ߣζԣǷް죬Ͳ̫ˣҲá
̫˰֣߰ɡ
Ӻõô죬ȻЩģ̫תˡ
Ʊ뵽һߣ±㿴ŶˣίʵίҲö˵ʲô
˭жǻϵĵܵˡ
һᣬ˾ûϢΪ˸˿޿䲻ֵ˲᲻ˡ
ʱŷ֣һȻˡ
ûۣˣű
ȥŶţˣ˵ȱȥҪ
Ʋûʲô£͸ҶСС
˲һᣬûۣ˵ҹ¸ҹܳȥ
ǡ
˲ʲԸĴӦˣſʼտ
̫ǲˣŽˣ˶
תȥ̫ǰϱĸոյĶǸĸ밲ˣϱĸ밲
˰ɣҲǹġָ̫ˣȥһ̫˸ӣ˱ǲСڵŮӣˡ
̫ʣ֮ǰʳʱ򣬳ԵĶʲô
£ĸѡ
ֵ̫Ŀ۰ƣˣΪʲôոնѵʱǺˣ
ĸѾ˶˵ҪȫѲǺ
Ŷ̫ˣЩ˴Ĵ⣬
İɣĸЩˣϢȥˡ̫ŵĶȥϢˡ
̫˱Ͱ˵𻰣ȥԺˡ
ôƵǲΪȻרҪ飬Ϊ档
ԥһ£㣬ҴСһ𳤴ҼãȻƢżЩãҿº͵ģɱ±Ȼǲġ
ոձ۾ˡ
ƳŶǱһۣʣأ
ұ㿴˸֤˵˭ҲǣֻõȵڲŹʵش𣬰Ϊ˵ż
ĶʱŭΨһĶһȥ
֮ǰеŬͶ׷ˡ
˵㣬ܸܲʣ²鵽ʲôطˣ
ƿЦЦȴûش
Щ⣺Цʲô
Ц̫ˣ
ãȻ
Ʊ£Ǹˣźѡ
Ĳţ˭Ǻˣ˭ǻˣģȥȷʵܺãҲܺãǺͶƲģǺô
ҡͷģСҾͺãõĸ硣
磬ô֪Ȣأ
㡭
ŵվ˵㲻Ҫ˵롣
ǲұ㲻֪ˣô룬Ȣ㣬ɱĲǺƵ
ܻУŲᡣ
᲻˭֤ˣҵ֪ҪǶĲн飬վһߣ
ɫ仯ѿãķұȻɱ
Ƶ𾪣
ô
ǿСĺø磡
(δ)

һپʮ ӵ

˻᣺ˣûҲкܴɣˡ
˵ȥҶ˵ģұȻվߵģεйأһ
û뵽Ѿͷ˾
ˣҪ˵۾ʼϢ
ȥҰ˵ֲֻˡ
ƾ˻Ǵģֻǰѻ˵ˣʲôˡ
͢飬ʲôʱֵŮ˵ˡ
ô£Ȼûôġ
˶û£ƴӻ˻˷ǹǱߡ
ߵʱڵϹţֻǿһ۾ˡ
ʵƲףúõĶҪʲô
صǹѾҹƼꤵڷǹſͣ£һҪôԷ顣
ҲǣôҲˣ
ţ˵ȥǵűô
һˡ
תƸ˸ӣү
ѾߵƵǰŰƵ͵һ¡
үЩ˼ˡ
ʲôôڣҲ
鲻Űȥ˷ǹ
ϧùþվţ帣˸ӣү
ϧùúáϧùõϧùõҲû˵ʲô
ƫƱߡ
үһûԷء
˴ýٳԡ
ưһ۹壬˭ϡ
·̹ȥ
ҹƳЩڿһЩ·ȥǰ˵һЩѶڹ
нչôһſڹʡ
ҡͷҪǵʳʲô͵ʳʲôץǵĿҲҪʳʲôǳѣȹڹ˾ͰǷų
ҡͷʲô
֪²ǵġȻ
ŷ¿ڹ˵һεССϾŰø飬˾֪ھÿԵôģ
Σֲǵģʲôʲôġ
үǱϾףסô
ǰ̫࣬ʱˡ
ǰΪʲôûзΪʲôҪʱ򷴿
ѵǿ˻ô
ǵ˼Ǿ͵ϵۣûãʱֿɵá
ʽת䣬ôż
岻סҲ㰲ݡŰƵǰȥȥƵĶӡ
ЩżˣҪͿﱾˡ
ƿһɵģҡҡͷʱ֣ԭĺã԰ѹ壬ùŶԣôˡ
үˣǸͷ۵߸
޷һ˵̧ͷ߸
ˣֱ顣
ƾ֪Զʧ
ҪտѾӵһߣƿȥѰҲ˹ȥ˱ѷѹϣһһ˵ǰĴֻ֮Щĵطоִ˲٣Ƚϣϸϸ
ֱۣҪѳֲסġ
ҹεڻ棬˷˻̫̫ɫض˼㲻ˡ
̧ߣ۾
ƣڵһ졣
ƴ˸磬æŰѱӸǺãøðˡ
ˣֳ˱ӣƫҪ
һҹãƻҪЩ˯
ŰŶ
žͳˣŹ˯һȥϵж顣
ϵ糯һֱûȥ˶˷ǹ
ƳԺ￴ƻȥţȥȻҪȲ裬ƿǲġ
Ȼǲȣ
Ǻܶ£ǲסڷǹﲻϰߣƳ˿ĸ͵ȻҪӹȥ
ûԣ￴
ȷʵЩϰߣҲԶǿܳһЩ˵Űѵķˡ
Ӳ
ʵ˯һ¡
ʲô£
Ƿ˵ôϡƹֻ꣬Ȱѳӵóˡ
ưѳȻӵ¼˵˳Ƴ˵ǮҲ࣬ȻǿԽһЩ
ʺǮҲǲʱҲˣҵ뿪ӵģɿҲһ£и뷨
ĪΪ˿ȡһЩ
ʺ
Ȱ㻹ǴͷһݲǰҲͬ⡣
УȡؽβˣҲð
֪ˡ
ԵȻָˣˡ
ȥɡ
(δ)

һپʮ ż

Ƴûˣظתȥ档
뵽ҪƳû뵽ôƳԴӷǹȥ
˶طҲ󣬰Ƴ˷ǹڷǹתһᡣ
ʵ޴ȥȥˮ
ֻȥ
ûߵ˵ٽ
תˣһ
ʲôʲôôƽܣ
ƽܴɫĿѣԵ˸Ӿޣ
ƽĪа
ϹŹŮƽֱҰˡ
ٽ
Ƶͷƽվڰǰһᣬ˵죬ǰЩӽϿһΣֳƵģôôˣ˵۸ˣ
ٽĪҪ˵Ҽү᲻ˡҲ͡
ƽܲŹƣ㵣ˣ
ٽ˵ʱСЩοǱ˼ҵ飬ٽͲزˣ£ٽ㡣
תߣƽŰ˹ȥ
˵ٽȥǹģ
ǡ
ǷǹҲߣҪȥˮٽȥˮġ
ҲδأȥҲá
ƽ˵ųˮǱȥƻѾ˵ˣҪǲȥЩãŴӺŹȥ
˲죬ߵһ
Ʋ˵ƽȴܶࡣ
ЩϻҲģ߾ˡ
ƽܵǰ彣ƶ࿴ۡ
ƽӸƣϲˡ
ۿĪа䵽ǰ˽ţ
Īа䵽ϣһ죬ƶ죬תȥֻסӡ
ΧĹŮ̫¹򣺡ٽ
ƽܼΣԺһЩ
ûˣᣡ
Ҫʲô£ˡ
ƽĪаʵ㲻һֱϲ赶Ūôų
ȥǹȥڣôһɨˣʧˣ
ƺһЩƿˮķȥ
ʧˣǻһ˱ûȷƽܻл
ƵǲΪȻƽ˵ģദ޷ãǰְæ
˽У˵˾пϵĻٽŽô
áƽƽϸŰơ
ƽǰţһһ˵ϸһѽ֪϶ٽǸٽˣϾڹٽⲻ˽˼ʡ
ʱһжã첻ãһжˡ
ƽܵνģ£ʲô
Ʊ㲻˵ˡ
ƽıǮʱԽǿԽǺܲҡ
Ʋ֪Ƴ·߶Զ·һƱػߵͷ
һʱƽܲΣܲҡ
뵽˵飬˭ѣ
ƽǸɵӣܻĳһ㡣
Ժ󱾽űǡ
˵ƽܱٵˣ̧ͷȥЩ⡣
Ƶĸȥˮſڿؽƽܸ˸ӣٽ
ɡƽת۰ƣˮ
Ʋžãƽܺ;϶ʶ
ƽžƽ˵ϵ˵ͷˣ
ӲͷƤȥ˸ӣ
񡣡
ƽܺ;˲һȡ
Ǿ̫ةǲģСԺڣʶʲô
߽ƣ˵ٽҵľˣʮʱ˴̫߹һΣٽʱպó֣Ҿ
ûм֪˲֪ٽʶ
Ʋ˵ʲô⹷ѪǺžˡ
˵ֻߣȻͣҾͲˣȸˡ
Ƹ˸ӣƽܷӦתˮ˳
ߣҲ˭סġ
ȻǾʶǾͺúദɡ
ȵȡ
Ƹߵſڱ㱻ƽܽסˣҲðȾܣתƽܣٽ˵
ˣǹйŮ˼ɣѡʱ˴ΪҪһʱ䣬֤ȷʵֻ̽ģˣˡ
ƽƷ˵Щʲôˡ
ƽܻЩ
ɼ䰲ƻĴſڻȻĲ鲻ԸΪ˱ʾĳ֮֮ģֻˡ
밲˽ȥ
£˱裬ȿ˵仹Ǹмƽܵľ֮
ƵҲ۲˵ı飬ʲô˽飬ҲͲȥˡ
˲裬һᣬƽ˵Ҫߣ˲ŴӾ뿪
(δ)

һپʮ ҹϵ

߰Ĳɵģϵ۵ĶѾͷʯһ첻ⶾһ춼
ô·۾ǰ߾Ҫײǽˡƽûѣƻûĳǽײ˹ȥۿײǽϣƽһ£ûͷײˡ
סؿڣ̧ͷƽܻЩδ
˺Ƶͷллл
ƽܿŰ֣㵽ôˣ
Ƿһӣ֪ôڵӳ׳˰Ƶĵơ
£óһ
ƽһҴҵûˣǷˣ
ޱ꣺ҴҵҲÿ쿪ҲҪȲѰ˼ңүÿҲͼӣѾǾڣˡ
ǰʱļ裬ӣһӵǷ
˳ҪӣУ
ƽס˵ȥӡ
ãȻ׼˵ãƽתˡ
תȥƽ뺰ȥӣƽѾûӰˡ
ֻȻȥǹ
·ϰϵ۵ĶƽܵҲˡ
صǹڷǹſվһᣬʵڲȥ鷳˷ǹ
ϧùר׼ˣһžͿϧùſվš

Ƶͷȥ
˼ʲôϧùãϧùãǰǹû㣬ĸأ
ϧù˵ǰҲڹģֻûū澡
ϧùϽҲڶʡ
ص㿪ʼıôȥʺ
ùŰƱϢˣȵҹƲ
ҹûнպðƿȥ
ŰڷǹſڿһۣСŮ̫ʱѾ˯ˡ
ȥſڿһۣǹرյģ滹Ų壬ֻҪ־ѲߣͲᷢ쳣
ҲҪ㣬Ҳʲô¡
ӷǹſڻȥƽ˷ǵȰ׼ڷǹˮﶼһЩ˯ҩۡ
ǹ˰ǿŶ˵ģŷȥϢ
ʱǹһ䵽϶
ŹڼžĴϣЩ}ûš
ſںļˣžúһ㡣
ӷǵƹȥƼΧûʲôɵĵطƳƳ޹ȥ
ſڵŮ̫ҲѾ˯ˣƿһԶϧùãϧùǱ߾ͷƵġ
迴Ŷ}ûţﱾһŵðƳһ
ŴطȲִķݣĹΪԻͣڰƿֱǹһ㡣
Щɭ˵ҹˡ
ŵƳңƿ᣽ȥƳڴţΧһۣΧʼѰҡ
Ƴ¶ˣӦҲˣֻԼ¶ϵۣҶҩǹؼ
ƷеطûҵЩڣûаСţҪǴСˡ
˰ʱ޽չƲת뿪
תվ˸ˣŵһӰֱͦͦվ
ŵðƵһں֪
ԷûҲҴ
עӰӰӶһ£Ҫ
ת볯ŶԷŴ̹ȥۿԷ˫ۣŵôʧɫ֡
ϡ
Ƶһ䵽˵ϡ
ϵվڰǰһ˫۳񣬵գۣӰƵ˹ȥ
תȥϵ۴һɫ´ȥ
æżȥļ룬˳ȥ
žͿϵԺ߶Ƽæߵϵ۵ǰһסϵ۵Ҫϵۿϵ۵ϵ۾˷Ӧֳ̧ŰȥתƿӺ濿ȿϵѾתƣƺ˲ҿϵۣϵ۵Щࡣ
㵨Һ޶֣ϵŵϿһᣬϵ۵ĿİС
ϡƽϵۣϵֱעŰƲû˵
ſϵԼ磬תűȥ
ưóסϵۣϵһζ㿪ˣתȥϵۣһת㿴վǰϵۣϵһƴڰƵļϣƺˣѪ
ϵŰȥתƫߣܲϵ
ſڽţϵ۸ȥƫ
ƹϷţȥ۵ķ顣
ֱð
ſڵűƿϵ۴ſڽӭŵĹ⿴ȥϵѾš
ƺһһҩ
ӽվ
Ǹǻǻ㲻ƵſˣҲǻɡ
ƻȥˡ
(δ)

һپʮ 

ϵۿ˽ƳһŲЩʲô붼ˡ
ߵһߣϵѾƽ˼ֱȥסϵһҩ˽ȥסϵ۵Ҫȥ
ϵ۲ϣסƵĲӣͼšϣƱҲ֡
ϵ۵ŰƣƸһȭϵ۴˿ҩ˽ȥҩЧɢģôһڣϵۺȻһ£˳Ŵϵȥ
һҪˤϵ۵˵ס
һڴϣƱˤƺһ˿
Ҫϵ۾ˡ
æŴϵ۵뿪˹¿ͷϡ
ϵ۴ӴϻŰƣãȻ俴˿ƫ棬ϵ˵̧ͷ
̧ͷһߣŹϵۿһ¡
ôˣ
ϵæŴӴȥţ
ϵ˵ˣ˵ʱҪ£ɡ
ϵۿ˻ᰲƣǲ޴ˣ
֢ˣպó
ƽͣϵ߽ƣϵĵƵɫ԰ף촽ס
޿Ǵ㡣
ϵ۷Űߵһߣæ뿪һ£վ
ϵ£°ɡ
£˵ϣ㿴
ϵ۰ָƣɨת侲
ʱƬ̣ƿϵۣǿʲôϣܡ
ϵ۰ȥˣȸԼҽΡ
Ϸģû£ֻһˣͻû¡ȥһһѵһѪ
סƶȥϵۣϣΨһİ취ˣԣǲУ취
ϵ۲δܾҲûʣ˰ƵѪ
ϵ۸оͷ졣
Ѫϵɻ
ƽͣѾǵһκˣǰĵʱҲȹֻû֪
ϲŵĲֻһʦô򵥡
ϣ⼸վĵҪʳҲǹһڷǹ顣
ȷ˲ǻʺһȥһϡ
ҲСģҲûȥˡ
ͻϡ
ϵۿ۰ƣתš
ϵˣƲŲȥ£һɾһ
˯ǰĶĺӣˬҲúõģһӴȥϴ
ùŰƱſڳȥˡ
ϧùÿæŸ˸ӣū澼
ƴ˸кתȥƳ˰
Ƴûɵġ
˼仰˰ơ
ӷǵȥ
ָһЩֻ۾ʹƣҲǰ᲻
նΣ̫Ķӣʰơ
ָĻԣֻʱĹϵҪúչˡ
š̫ͷ⡣
⼸ڹĻϰߣ̫ʡ
һжãƴ
˵˼䣬̫ڹţƻؾܱȥ̫밲ˡ
հưѶβ˳ȥǹúÿ
صǹưѶβƫսȥβӰƻȥƫתһȦŴܵϣҪȴֲңżֱС
ȥβֱܵ˰ƵϣƱŶβһᣬоʲôˡ
ӣӣһߴ˳β֨һ˳ȥ֮ʱβҧסͷ˦£˦˳ȥ
һƻͷȥһڵŤͷ
ͷˣ߻Ť
ƿˡ
ˣ
ϧùŽڵĳŵҲιȥ
죬ˣ
ǹһƾδβѾŪ͡
ǹֶߣʹˡ
ȸϵǹ˰ϴȥ˳﹬
̫һ֣ڷǹֶˣ
ĹŮæŻش𣺡ô˵ģˣǹҳһš
ˣ빬ô꣬ǵһ˵жأ̫ߵ£Щǵˡ
ĸȥ㡣˺޲Ϸɹȥ
̫˵ȥɣҲСЩ⹬ȻжߣСЩĺãˣ˶ȥó¡
̫ɫأúõĹôжˣ
ҲЩǣСЩ
֪
˺Ͷ˵˻ŴŮȥ﹬
ʱѾӵϢ˵˹ſڡ
ү庣æ񣬹˵ߵ缲硣
æŹȥ﹬
ʱ̫ŰƣȻûʲôˣʱɫȷʵܰס
̫һ£⹬ôжߣôģ
ſڽűʣأ
ű޵ҡ
(δ)

һپʮ ɱһӰ

̫Ĵ棬ֱƶȥ˸ǰסƵ֡
ơ
үû¡ƻǸжġ
µļһ°ƣȷû£䵽ƵĶϡ
үû¡֪ǵģȱƽ
˿ˣһ˵жߣľˡ
үģƫ˵
̫ȥһ£ư̫ȥ밲ĸ󡣡
ţ㻹֪ҹ˵㲻ڹ
ȥˣҹҹûҲϾϱڹ˭ϱ
κЩ˲ϣҪӽѶûٻˡ
̫ʣѶˣ
ûнչ
ûоͷˣҲϴСˣץǲʲô˼ȻǾ͹ŰɣȶЩ
Ҳôǵġˣȷʵûֻܷˡ
̫˵
̫󡣡
ȥǹʺ
ǡ
ǰ뿪˺ŵ˳﹬
μĸ󡣡˹ݡ
ɡ̫º࣬˲ؾǰ㡣
˴ӵȥƣʵĸҿȥ㣿
ȥɡ
ȥҰƣҲûʲô£ˡ
˵㿴ˣҵĹ㣬֪û£ҾͲˣҪԷҵûȥš˰չ˶µˡ
ƶѾϰߣ˵ֱӣҲô
û£Ϣһ¾ͻˣƲȥ滪̫һȥ
á˿û£ˡ
ת㿴ʺƳˡ
Ƴ̫£μĸ󡣡
̫ĿĮȻʺҲû
ʺ㹬ôжߵģ̫ʵѾá
Ƴصڲ£ǹ﹬ⶼˣû֪¡
̫ŭֱһɨϵĲ䵽ϣƳϣƳӲǲҶ
ĸ󣬶֪ˡ
ߣ֪ú˼ȥʥûбּⲻó
лĸ䡣Ƴ˳ֱȥʥ
ȥ̫ǰ˸ӣҲ£ˡ
һæʣЩˣ
ֻǱŵˣûʲô¡
˴ȥ̫󣺡ĸ󣬶үȥ鶾ߵ顣
ȥɣСЩ̫ɫأʷ֮֣
ĸС㣬үڣҲ¡Щ̫
̫ڴſŵĶβʱС飬ûôȤˡ
š
ƺ͹뿪﹬ֱǹ·ϰƸ߹ڷǹߵ顣
ֱô֣϶ģҰѵʱûôߣ߽岽ߣо綾
ҧ˺岽֮˻˼Ҫ磬ôֶߣƲ⣬ƳżˣҲѶߴԼ
Ҫ˭
Ҫúò飬Ĳǡ£˵£ŵĻš
˷ǹǹһȺˡ
֪鲻ˮʯ˭Ҳˣ˶ţŵһֱ¡
ƽžͿϧùãϧùڵϹš
ϧùã𡣡˵ϧùñˡ
үϧùɫ԰ףǰˣʱδ
û±á
ллϧùùģү鶾ߵģҲùţɣʲôʲôֻҪ뿪ˡ
ү鰸ʱҪҪҲˡ
ƻ䣬ϧùþͰ˽ҪϧùҲøţȥƫķ档
Űưǰ˵һ飬ָָϻû岽ߡ
ߵǰȥüͷ
ⶫ϶Լġ
ôʵҪǺѵãĻţ
岻¼˵ߣߵߣϾʺźӡ
ӷͬ˺ƣˡ
ҲκͣǼġ
棬ʣһ˵һ٣ĴʮӣصĴһٰӡ
ǹ£ϧù˵һ⡣
翪ʼ򵽵ڶϣһϡ
˯һ滹пӻڴ
ǷˣһɱһӰ٣һ
ò鶾ߣ򾶼ٳ֡
(δ)

һپʮ Ѫ

ˣҲˣŻȥ̫Ϣ
̫ȥʥ
̫ţƳæȥݣ̫߽ϣȴûƳ
Źϣˡ
Ƴ᣺ĸĲǶ
ɡֻ̫˫ֺʮϵ
ƳΣ
ÿʱоô
ȥ˶̫Ʊ˶ߵ顣
ưѶߵ˵һ飬̫ĿЩþòԡ
һᣬʹӻ뿪ˡ
̫ʣ̫ȥʥô
ǡκֹ
̫ȥſڿ⣬ƽ˱ƼȻ޴飬
κߵ̫СĵĿһκ֣ɵ̫ҪҪ
أֻҪвҴĽɽ𢣬㲻ҪǺ棬˭ôסʱԸ
̫᲻أκǡ
ǾģǾͻ˻
̫ƽĳ飬ûʱ䡣
̫ҪҪһ£
κֵͷ
̫תһѾ˯ˣ˵֣Ҫ粽Ŀ⹬￴סˡ
ǡ
뿪칫ڳ﹬ſڵˡ
칫æǰڷǹ
֪ˣ롣
롣
Ƹ칫һ·ȥĵ·ϰʣ⼸ʲôط
칫ʵش𣺡ū˵
š
ū֣̿Ѿū˯ڴˣǿ
칫˲Ʊͣˣ칫񣬰Ҳµˡ
칫⼸ղڣǱҩˡ
˵ָңҿ
칫˿ߣ͹ȥװŰƣưס칫֣ɨ裬ɿƴ˽ⶾ칫
Ǻأ˵㲻óԵĶ˻˯ġ
칫Ҳ룬ҩ͵
ҩ칫Ӳ˲ŵĺ
Ƽߣ칫δ̲ס˵⹬ﵽôˣôֳЩ˿£
ҪСģ¡Ʋ˵¾Ȼϣ治ܷˡ
ūǻϵģ˵ûʲôū᲻ûϣɾȾūūźϻûźء
칫˵£Ѽϸɤһڱðȫ
ɱˣķҵģⲻû˵ôҪ취Ƴǰȥ칫˰ƵģæŲ˲ᣬֻҪƹܣ칫ͷˡ
ۿߵǹ˵ȥһ׼ҩûȥÿһ㣬Ҫ֪ҸһƿҩˮǵÿԷʱ򣬵һΣ˱ɫ⣬ɫû⡣
û⣬ԱǣٳһЩҸҩǽⶾģõֻܰй۲ʲô¶
жķˣҹܷʲô£ֻܼװ˯
¶˳֣ողҪݾߣҸʱҡ
ģūһá
ưҩҩˮ칫һ˷ǹ
ǹʱĻ̻̣Ժš
ԭȱĲᣬʱ۵Ķ߶£ƽֱǵĵǰ
칫æƫȺ򡣡
ƫ
ƿƫĵţ˹ȥ
ƿŰ칫š
ϵվţλεĻۣצ
ϡ
ϵЦЦû°ɣ
û¡ƵӴһ£ߵϵ۵ǰ棺ϣ
ϵ۰ָƣסϵ۵ɨ裬ɿϵۣϣûأҲûм
޴Ӻ붫оǿ׳˲٣ԭȷ˿İ׷Ҳˡϵǰ˵ġ
Թŵ볤ϣһʼ͵ûֱô
ֻǰ˵޲ˣٸ޺Σ޿ԸһЩ

Ƹˣ˵õĲôžҪٺΣĳ
ȥһߣóҪѪϵۼҪȥһסƻӵ֡
̧ϵ۰Ѱĵ߷ŵһߡ
ֻһ˵Ʋص棬һжѪ޺ȣҪ񫣬ʱƵסֻҪ͹ˡ
ԥһ£ϣѪ֪ǷԽⶾǰϳҩгѪûмᣬ˵ѪȷʵûȴܸϽⶾ
ΨһĽ;ǣ¶û¶
ϵЦЦ۾һ
תȥ˿ƫûѪ֪ˡ
ϵ۵ıӰ˻ϵʣҲȹô
ԥ£֮ǰˣȹ
ԽʢҲˣϵתƾⲻܣû
(δ)

ڶ ҵɰ

ʵش𣺡ľͬõЧҲͬûϿʢϸоˣҲֻΪ˹ϵ
ϵۿ˻ᰲƣƿޣǲһЩ
ƾᣬ
Ҫô˵ľͬˡ
̫ʵƭϵۣ˻ȥ
ϵۿ˻ᰲƣǾͲǰɣ޻£ǿ㣬˵жߣ޺ܵģû¾ͺá
ϵȥſڣϵۣ칫ϵȥ
￴˿ת뿪ǹ˳﹬
Ļ̻̣Ҳ⡣
һӵϢڳ£ǹǳȡ
ǲһˡ
һ˵Ů߲ҧ˵ʲôҪ
˹ſڣûлϵĿͣ޷ת
ͨϵۣ칫ŰѰĵڡ
ϣġһ氲㹻ֱӡ
ϵƣ㵹̧ͷޣżʲô޿ʱúõġ
̧ͷ
ϵ۰һ£ϵ۸ֶʣôˣ
ϣǲǳʲô鵤ҩˣôࣿ
ϵҪľǰ仰ʧЦҲãɵĹͰɡ
Ŷϵ۵˽£ʱ˾ˣϵǷһ˵һ仰˵һ֣ϵѯʣҲ
ᰲ˼ڰϣܲϵ겻ᡣ
ϣҪˣôֱӣϵ۷ߡ
˶ˣֻаĳ
Ϊһģϵ˵޺þû֮ɽˣɣ
ϣ飬οҲǻϵĶ֣ĪǡҪųһɣҪơ
뵽Ůˣޡ
ϵһӣʮķһˣͿޣǡ
ڳ﹬ȥɡϵ۰˰ְѰˣתˡ
ϵתȥͭվھǰ
ں͹˵飬ԭҪ˰ѣ治ˡ
ơźƱһӺǸжģˣ
Ҳŵÿôġ
ȥŮһһ𣬰Ůû£һЩ
̫ڣʣƵͷ
ӺŰͷ
Ӧһѯʣôֶߵģ
»ڲ顣͡
ã飬Ǵ£ҪúòУ²ɣƻǳɡ
Ҫϵ˼ˡҲ뿪ǲС
һжҪˣڹҪտ
ɲܣ˵һϡ
תˡ
̵Цţɰ
ΣΨ²ң
˵ҵɰ
ûһ۰ƣŮҪһЩ
ҵʲôƻȥ˵飬øһΡ
ҹȥʰҲȥϡ
׼һȥˣȥſڵš
ϵۿʮֲãҪ
ǣϡ̹
ϵЩƣҪʲôҪָֻţ
ϣڹгģƳ鳼գȹЩӹ̫ƽˣٽǡ
֮ɽ
ϵָŰ֮ɽŭ֮ɽͷڡ
㵨ӲСްҪǣģ㹦߸Ұߣ
ʵίһ˵ǹ٣˧ӡϡ
ϵһ㶣˵
°ǹ١
֣ˡ

칫һϵָָ죬
ţ
ߵߣ˵ܲμϡ
£ϵˣĿº͡
ҪҪͬЩѪڹտܲġ
Ҫȥãϵ뵽ȹѪ鲻ǺܺãѪͲøѪ
ҹˣ£ǰϻ
ϵжع
СЩ
ϵ۴ӦȥͰк
˿̲뿪˵߰ɣﲻ̫ƽ¡
Сиˡת뿪
һ߰˵ϣˣɣ
ϵڿķ߰ɣ޲ˡ
ϵߣ˼
ܾܵУͲУ
ϵŭɣ֮ɽ޺û꣡
칫һ鲻ãæ˰֣˳ȥ
Ҫܰ
칫Ǹϵһ·߹ˣͻǺõĸֵһĺѣִܵʱз
Ҳȣֻż˼޹ÿ˴ܣ칫Ȼţǡ
(δ)

ڶһ ˵쿿ס

ƸŹֱԺƿ۹壬ͷȥ档
Űƽȥȥ
¶Цʲô
ߵһ³ɫݻƵȥЦ˰쿴ſڹģǾ֣ͳҳˡ
Ƕ֪Ҫıˡ
Ŀʹ
˵ø֪
̧֪ͷ۰ƣΣѵøҾҪ췴ˣ
ο뱾θɣǱģ˱ǡ
ƫƫûȴݺûˣҪǻųȥ˻ϣŹˡ
ĵǶǴǻġ
ߣǵǲ鰡
Ȼվͣ죬̳齣ָ

վŭѣôҲ豾Ҳã־֪αȱġ
ۿҪһͷײ˿ûЭ˵˸ã˵.±ˡ
˶֪ʲôˣҪĪȨλôҲںһˡ
ʱ˻̱ˡ
ͣ£תƣɵȻ˵޹أ͸ɱ㸸
˵ʲôסȻƣҪɱҸ
ɱүȻЩ£Ȼ޷죬һıǡ
ơҧ
뿪ͱҪ֪˵ܳԩѩܿ࣬˶ΪǸҪλ췴ˣΪβ룬£ΪҪϡ
һֱ룬겻ڼС
ЩҪɱΪβһ㶯֣˴ʱҪ֣Ͳãһʼ¾ݺô
ת£ɵ˰졣
ѽʣ۰ƣ㵽˵ʲô
ƿſڣ˲ƵҸǸģ֮ǰе¡
ƣһףʲôͿ˵
ڰͲסˡ
ƽƽŪŪϿӣ̾Ϣף˵Ǳʫ飬Ȼ˵֪֪϶ʷ鶼ģʣʲôֹģοǲø
ϸ˼Σ
˵ˣ׸ԭģȻԭ򣬵ǹȥ϶ʲôһ
Ϊӣܻ˵ʲôʲôֻһ£Чң֪

˵ҪòҪκʱκ
ȴˣû˵ֻЧװɣ
Ƶ
̷ҪԣҵԸΪЧҡ
˵ĺãȳĶãʣôô޲
ζſˣ²˵
ƺ˿ڲ裺ĲѺȰ
̧ͷŰĸв⣬Ϊʲô˵裿
ƲΪȻϲʲôʲôãΪ˻ϣҲòĪ˵ǻҪȥҲĸԸ
ΪЧһϵˣͷɥ˵
ЧҵĿɲǻϣЧҵţЧңڣϲһԸΪģѾ۵Ʋ²˵ġ
˭Ļɱ飬ᱻΪıɱ
Ʋȥ˶ȥ飬˵鲻˭ıס
˲ǡ
ҡͷȷʵǼ٣Ҳֻܰԭļƻˡ
ܾô˰ҪóС
ǲǺ޹ˣȲ鵽һ˶鲻˱Ȼ˿
㲻ϣǾ
㡭һߣã˵
ƿ۰׼˱īֽ⡣
ܿ칩뿪·ͼ˭Ŀڹ
Ѻ˵ƲΪ㣬ڴԺ˼ʱͶ㲻Ǻˣȫ¶û㣬ġ
Ų˵Ҳʲô
Ҫҳ㲻˵Ƿˡ
˵֤㲻Ƿ
ƽˣڹõְظֱȥҹ塣
õ˿ڹ屧Űһڡ

꣬˵죬Ȼ仯޳ס
(δ)

ڶ ̫Ǯ

ү˭ǼҵүἰˣҲΪ˵뿪죬ֻu˵Ҫȥ顣
һЦݣ
ĶӣС䣬ǸɶõţȻʲðǶֻڼšˣȥ˴档
ָһʮ˸ƿ
ϸһۣȥȷʵǸ˲š
ϧˡ
Ʋ⣺үʲô˼
Ű뿪һһ߸ƽͣƲᵱΪģ
ǻбˣҲǺܶǸҽ˵ˣǸԱ참ר
վܰѰϾɱǱŲˣҲ
ǿ϶Ҫ˳һģͿôѡ
ˣүҪɽ𻢣ֻҪ˳ϣܷˣǳҲҪҵ˿ôˣˡ
û
ߵ棬˵˵ź򡣡
ǡ
ⷢʩ̬ĵλ
үѶҾȥˣҪȥӣ˳ȥ
ȥɣ·Сģ
ǡ
˷ͷ£ȥ˽ϣͽӵϢѾӵŰˡ
ȻÿϧõıʿȴҪԺ̵һȺӶ飬˽˵Ҫӡ
ĲϣΪˡ
ƺܿ쵽˽ϣһǰҪ·Ьñĵطһ׼ﶼˣûš
ſڵŰƣһۣ⡣
æǰ
ȥƽȥͻƣȥ˿һ顣
Ե£ԵȰõȥ
ʱˡ
á
˵ˡ
ƽ壬Կ˿㽻£ﻹв÷죬ܵʮңǰԺԺҲܴ
͸Űתһ᣺¡
˵
ƻҪȥӣҪ˸֣ҲǺæˡ
Ժѧã»ȥǿ̵Ƕд֣ӵ飬µ治С
оͲУտžͳɣһȥɫˣӸ˹ˣȲżѺԺЩտãҲǽ˵ġ
²ǲԸ⡭
֪͡
֪˺Ͷһֻзŵʵĵطܷ־ǧоˡ
ͱ˵Ĳ֪룬Ȼô룬һȴĵǣȻЩֲ尲˵ļٵġ
үҪ㣬ﻹԽȥ죬үȴһ첲ֱֻʣ޷
;Щж˵ֱˡ
ƳŻͷ˵ᣬ·
ͿƣҪ֣
ȻȻıʿдһãƷ֣ţһܺá
׼ˣ͸жĺȻޡ
ʱү£Щʧ䣬û뵽
ȥЩΡ
ˣǵ·ҪдһӣҪɫģëдϣӪñò˿ɴ
⣬÷ֳƷһƷһǮͷһͼҪͨˣͿ԰ƷֽӻˣǮٸǣǺúøɾͳˡ
Ʋǰȥ
ţȥӣһﷻӪ죬׳ƵʲôУһʳνײ衣
һȦѾˣƻϹܼҲͽӵϢæŰ˱Ŀ
ƺ˵ˮȥԺæµ˰֣ܼȿȱû˵ҪҩҪоעġ
ܼҺգҲ뿴ͳɣûӡ
ǮȱѾòǮµǮˣҲҪá
ܼҺ꣬Ű˱ȥһۣ뵽Щʲô
ȥɣʱȹȥ˵
ܼסȥǮô
ǲҪȥˣڣСǼˣҲǮǣĪȥ̫ĺЩдһȥ̫Ǯ
ȥдһŽдҪǮһǧ
ϹܼҿЩ㶣ôࣿ
̫ҪûǮҲޣڻûǮҪǮҲҲãοȥǮһξҪ裬Ƚš
̫ҪǸʲôԸ͵ϢˣǮʲôʱ򻹣׬Ǯˣ㻹Ǯ

ϹܼŽҲûȥʣҺæѲҪԼȥ
Ǻ̫ûȥôǮܸôܼԸȥֻȥҲǰȥǻ粻ȥ
һЦģ϶裡
(δ)

ڶ թǮ

ϹܼӲͷƤȥ̫ߵʱƽǵȥôӣ·Ҫ¾鷳ˣ˳Ҫ̫˻͵ģͷǮʱҲȥ
ϹܼҲ֪ǲַˣȻô˵Ļ
Ϲܼȥûþͻˣһǧӣ̫Ըͻġ
ϹܼҽҰƻ㱨æҩġ
Ǯˣ̫ġܼҾаˣǮ̫ûɡ
̫ǮȲǡ
Ʋ̾Щ˵ģ֪ȱǮˣʦ˶ҪԷģ䵽ŽǮˣҲ˳ˡ
Ȼ˿ۺҽ鷳
̫ҲûǮ˵̫Ÿ޵ġϹܼԽԽû飬βҲˣȻǮܽ
ỹϵģ̫ǳŽǮûط̫Ǯžˡ
ϹܼҲôǵ˻ԡ
ƴϹܼңҩҩſںš
ǮϹܼȰǮҷȥˣ˵ˣǮˡ
ϹܼҲ˵Ǯôģֻ˵ĸˡ
Ҳүˣү˵ɡ
үĿһŮӣǮҲŪôǮ
ǻңһҲòôǮǡ
ûүΪס
ƴӷϹܼҰʣµӸƣˣʣһǧ
һ쿪٣ѯʡ
һٶүڣõıȽʡֻǵµ׵ʱҪǮŻһЩƽﻹǹõģǻһЩġ
һҴߣ£¸µǮˡ
ˣˣϹܼæͷӦ
ƴǮҩĺעȥ˴Ժ
ƽаǧӰ³
ʵЩƣϹܼȥӣȻͽӣƱ衣
ȲͨĹܼңƲôڵġ
Ϸ棬ͱˡ
ǰ⣺׬Ǯˣ
׬ˡƵȻ
üô죿
ԣȶϱԤƵҪһЩµ治ãûдﵽϱҪĽ
˵ʱոմη׻ĸ֣ûʣ»ǻؼ˵ĺá
ӣƵˡ
ʵ··ĵطǵ·һЩպһЩһЩ·ЩǮˣһ·Ҫǧӵġ
㻹ĺڣ
õ
Ҳģ˵ǵǮѹ֬࣬ϱֻȡ֮е֮е
ϱǮ춼츣飬ǳ͢ģҲˡ
ȶϱԺ׬ǮǷģǮûóǮʩЩûǮˣϱҪҩ̣רžûǮҩˣһʮҪʳ¹ѵˣ˭ҵĺӲҪˣϱ£ǳ󣬻Ҫ̵䣬Ϊ͢Ч
һһģŻع
㱧СǮ˵ɡ
ӣʰƿǳԷˡ
ϱûԡ
Ȼûԣ˷ذɡ
лùãϱҪȥҩ
ˣ
أϱĲѣֻϣտҪҪȥҩҽǶϵöϱҪҩֻԼȥˣջ֪ʲôµţҵҩģվջȥ
Ʊ磬˵Ϊ˶㿴ȻԸڱţǾ߰ɡ
ȥˣԵĵĺܣѾͷһϲ
ƿҪߣ˵ùãҪǣﻹǧʵڲ㣬ôùøܡ
תƣ㻹׬Ǯˣ
Ʋ˵
̧ɡԸȥ̧򿪳һۣӳ֡
׬Ǯˣ
Ʋ˵
˵ôӵܣȷʵЩҡһ᱾㻻Ʊ˳ǧ͵ˡ
ùãʹãⲻһ飬ҪǮĻǣùá
ǧеģô˰ɡݷ
ùãǶϱϴùɣǧɷֹҲû
Ҫ٣
ùãҪÿ²ܷǧ
ߣ㻹ᾫϸ㡣룺ûУһǿԡ
һķֹɲǧ
ǾǧˣʱҪǧˣ
⡭ЩԸԸ⣬ڰֽȥȡƱ
һǧǧӣǱһ
ƾ᣺ϱӣûôùô
һд˸Σд˸һ
д갲ƻЩΪѡ
ùãûһ£¶ϱ⻹ã¸Ҳܲ׬ǮǮ
ҪǮģòֹɣҪߵġ
ôƶǲԸһͷûôûϢ߰ɡ
ǣ
εӣĿ۹壬תˡ
(δ)

ڶ үҲϲ

忴۳ùãȥ
š
ᣬȥȥˡ
Ʊ
忴ȣһŵĿСȣĿֱͻͻ
ôôϲ
ߵ﹬£ŰƵڡ
պƱȷһǧ̵Цˡ
ûǮһǧ㹻ˡ
ŰƵСĿܳˮôˣ
ȻӣԺгڣ׹廹ʲôƦ˭ҳ£
ǮҲˣ£ҪĻ
ƽ˵ġ
ôƭ
ȢԽǸһ£βˣ׬Ǯ鰸참ܡ
治֪ʲôܵġ
崩һɫӣһ󿿹ȥѰƱڻ
æһҲЩˣڹĻ˵ˣү˯һᣬϻҪȥҩģůͣŲץġ
š
岻ʲôҩģԸȥ
Ϣҹǡ
˳һɽ£ƾˡ
ɽһᣬûҵ˵Ҫһ־綾ܡ
ҪɽΧ˿ȻûоҪȥ
£ȥץһֻɽҪ㡣
תܿͲˣûһֻɽ
ưѼú̵ܲķϸһЩӣܶˣڵϽл
ŰƶÿֲһŮôĳ
ƸⰢĿҰʱĸǰ뵽ġ
ԭǸܲп飬ܻѾˡ
˭ʱȥ˴
ƺһ£˵ţƿ˿ۿżҪˣΧɳɳҶǴɽġ
Ҫ˵ү
һ̱ˡ
ڰڵʱɳɳʧˣƿ˿˸ֱӴɽĲӣɽһϽΧɳɳˡ
忴۰ƣסš
ܿɽһЩںĶٶȺܿſţ¹¿Կǿǰ㳤̵Ĵ򼣬ÿֻ򼶼дĴָôϸ
Щһߴɽһ߰ͷͦصİѰӳҡҡͷſڵϿС
ܿǵ˼ɽǰһͷ˽ȥֱӳɽ档
ŵˣһ굽ɽɽ淢ѵУǰһһţںĶͣ
ǳбˡ
ȫֱƤ
ͬûһЩ򼿴ż룬׼Ż
ȻģЩ򼲻ˣסоǶӲסˡ
Χʲôٿ
Ȼ뿪׷׳ɽС
ȥϼϵ۵Ťš
ûãһЩܺôĳˡ
ܿʼץ򼣬һͷһȥ
Ҫȥһ£ʣµȡһһȥ
һµڵϣȥ¶һ׶ӡ
һЩʣֻ
ƴ˸ӳƵ˹ȥ
о綾ǲҪҿнⶾ
ߵǰúܴĿӼһֻŵ棬ӣܷŵһ棬ŵһ档
ʰýѰŵãæŹϡ
ȥ·ϰ忴ϵˣơ
Ѿ۾ˣЩ
Ӧţš
Щġ忿ţ.֮Ĵˣûжϲ
ʣ㵣ʲô
첻ҪˡͷװƵͣϲװƣȽϱ׾
Ů̫˵ġ
建뿪档
ⲻûߡͣϲ
廹ǲģƷģ뿪
ƾ᣺ҷġ
뿪ʳԣ±Ӱȥ
üү㲻˵ʬˡ
ɲáסƵ֣ࣺҪ뿪ơ
Ʒ˸Ƶڹϣ⣬һ˵ֻʲô񾭲Ƶġ
۾˯ҧָͷÿο˯Ҫƣһ˯ȥͲѹˡ
۾һְۣ۾ˡ
үҲϲ㡣
˵û壬˵ʲô
ǰ˿忡ͨ죬ƣǰˡ
ŷӦæźһ磬һš
(δ)

ڶ 

ơ
ѹȥƵƾָһøɵ¡
ǳ档ƶ֪뷨
һƣڳﲻ˵
ѰƱŻԺ
Źϳ·Ȳ.
Ӵϲ.һᣬȥԡǱߣչһŴ
ˣڵЩˣſڹĻ۾Ϣ
ҪȻûм㳩죬ڵľһЩ
Ѿ֪ȷʵҪȥ飬˶˴ɱ
ô˵£ҲǿԶģ
ĻˣϳϣҲҲ֤ݵĻҲǹͷθˡ
ȻҲСʹ룬ⲻǱҪġ
үҪң
§ŰƣİƵӣȻôˡ
ƶ˶үҲֵܣүһ㲻˼ô
游ţ϶޲ɱ˱ģǸӣҪúɱɱǵ棬վͻô𡣡
ƲӶ˾鷳ͬͬĸĶ鷳˵ֵ֪ȥͬĸֵˡ
һ˯ѣȥ˽ϡ
ȥ˴Ժ
Űƣڽй䣬ʣô֪̫Ǯǣ̫ûйϸģ̫Ǯǣʵǲ
֪̫ΪʲôҪǮǣƷʡ
ҡͷ֪
һǻүүûǮǮôԽǣǷ飬û衣
ʲô飿⡣
ŮҾ˶Ƿʲô
ɶǮҪǮҲǶ
Ҳֻܽȥϻ
Ͷ϶̫Ǯ
벻裬Ȼģʱ̫ŵȥŮȴҪ飿
ඪˣ
۰ƣԽԽˣ
ô
ȥӣͰϻ
Ͳʳ˼̻̫ˣ
һǽǮ;̫򽻵̫ôҲ͸Ǯ
ʶʣǿˡ
ҲȻñˣ
ƴһ嵥ȷҪʲôպȥһЩطг
ðƼֱܡ
ûġ
˹ȥߵĽϣǰһȺΧţǱֺģƾȥ˿
˸ǰſǸʮŮ˹ŵϣһˣȫãòˡ
ŮТؿڹӡ
Χָָ㣬˵Ǹˣûжɷˣ˭ҪȢ˭Ҫù㲻ȢؼҲǵù
ĭˣ˵⽨źصĹŴǷŵǸʱҲ˶¼ɻ䡣
ߵǰͷ˿־ţǸЩĲɵˡ
Ǯѯʣһס˰ƣ
죡ɫһð
ֻñ첻ˡ
Ůû̧ͷǧ
һ£ˣָָŮӣǲˣҪǧ
Ů޶ԣҪ˷ᡣ
㿿ʲô᣿
˰һţһȥ
Ų˵ˡ
Χ˶ָָ㣬ϸһŮӣǧô
Ůһ£̧ͷƣĿӣҲһ£Ưһˡ
Ůӿ˿ɷ򣬿ƣˡ
漴Ը
ߵߣ
ɷ򡣡
ʲôϣƿȥֻŵ˵ˣҲ֪ǲ˺ܾãһɳѬ졣
·ѱӲסǰߡ
Ůһߣżһ۰ơ
һ·ϰʲôû˵ǰ͵ׯ
տλɷͻҪչķԸ£ʲôʲô

йɫһ˵
ƴӻóƱǧǮ
ŮǮҸдһ
ˣ˺һֶѣʲôҲĳϰңĲϾˡ
Ůû˵ƿ۰Ҫæͻȥܾ㲻ο
˵תˡ
һ꣬ż
Ƶҵͣ龭˵һ飬͵Ȱ²Ůӣȥȱɡ
ʹӦˣƲŻȥҹ塣
ԺϢ˽̣uдˡ
(δ)

ڶ Ԯ

վڴԺ棬˫۳
ôʹˣ
뵽uһϧ
ϧˣ
κִȻð˳ڴԺſڣһκִк
һȻκִףȽŲ
⻹ǵٷǸκִ
ʲô£ôǱƹ֪Ƶģ϶ǹ忴κִ˳ۣ˴ġ
κִ˵ʲôεЦЦ
ʣ㿴Ҽүô
ˣѺˡκִصƵͷ
ȥ
κִЩΪѣü
üмҪҪ
Ҫʳ
ȥ棬ȡ
κִҡͷڣͨڹ
ˡƿһκִŲĿĺܾʡ
ת뿪Ϲܼἱȹϵϣƻæô¡
ȫʲôûҪ̫ô˵ڳҼүʲôӦòôˡ
ϹܼͷƽŽ
ſ˵ţƿЩ֣ǰȥ˸кˡ
š
תƸ˽ȥ
ſڵźһţһ
ˣ
æ
Ƶͷǳų﹬ȥһһ˵ѶİӣѶˣ
Ƹȥıˣû뵽¡
˿۰ƣ֮ݺ
ǱȻǣҼүɣȲ飬Ȼݺġ
ĵա
Ҫǻɣû˲ˡ
˿۰ƣ˭ݺ
˭⻹˵ôȻȥu͡һƶ
һ㶣Ҳ⡣
ǺúõĿ˿ƣԭüչЦ󣺡ԭˣǱϴԵɡ
氲һ·ȥȫƸ
¶һǺˣŻԾ߸үҲԱļˣ˳㺦ү

ûб̬һ·ﳯ﹬
ʱϵҲǰվϵ˵¡
̫ڸߴĹϣĿƽƺǺܹĹ顣
Ʋ⣬µʱ̫⣬⼸Ρ
ȻҲףܾòһ
ˣ㿴ô죿
˼ûиǽȥ
̫ƺͬƽδ˵
Ƶʲô˼Ҫѹӽȥ
Ȼˣȥɣⰸӽ졣ϵ˵ˣһ칫ʥּϣ˰ʥּӹȥתˡ
ת뿪ˣתȥ߸ϵϵۺ̫
칫££ֻˡ
Ʋ⡣
ĸ󣬻ϡ
̫ЩˣҪЪˡ
̫뿪ȥϵۣϡ
ϵӸߴһԽ̨ߵǰͣ£ͱȫȻͬҲûа취
û˵ϵת𴦣ʱڹڣɳ£һվɡ
ϵת뿪˳﹬վڳЩ⡣
Щƽʱ˲٣£˵߾ˣˣ
ƴӳſڵţæǰǧҪء
Ƶͷ֪ˡ
뿪ˮȥ˵֣ȥ
ˮⰲվһֻȥˣȥ
̫Ƶû֣ѯ˹飬Ҳ͹ȥˡ
Ƹˣû¹û£Ҳϣá
עƸһ롣
㣬ģûµġ˵ǺܵİƣȰ
šҲû뵽⹬иζˡ
ֻҲҪĲ
Ҫϵ۵ĶԻܰȫ˼ŵϡ
ֻ°ƵŽż
ǹݺ
Цһ߳ŶȥôҲû뵽Ҷʱ򣬹Ȼᱧƽ
񿴱ΪŻܵǣ
Ȼ֪ҪùڣǵóˣֻһͶһȨǵϷã
ش𣬵סˡ
ϲŴӻ뿪˲һֱǹĿ뿪תҪȥ
ǹڱУϧùã˭Ʋ˳ۡ
Ϊǽƣ¹˲֪
ĵط
(δ)

ڶ ·

ͰĲ̫һƱΪǹ˻ãϾôţǹҪųǻűʲô¡
ȥһۻʺ󣬸밲ϧùò֪ʺʥû
뵽ĵطʺʥƶϡˡ
ƻصǹֱȥԭȵƫϢŰƼ˴̣һЩۻƷۣ˯
˯˰ⲻΣһμһηû·ûзԡ
룬϶ǹˣŻμ
ҽǱʶкоһʱо⣬оʵ֤ˣ˵ǱʶԺ˵ˣѣˣӹͨ
һ˵ʱǸ˾ͻμ㡣
ЩˣʱһЩѪԵˣ޶˵μ
ڿѧǰƽȣоʱиʦ˵оĶγѧı֡
ǲǱְƲμ˹Ȼ˵һˡ
˯ţһᣬ˯ˡ
ξȻȻĽˡ
ӳ
Ʋ֪ǲģȻμĽݵĳҵĻӣһɫĽӣվ濴
˵Էʧˡ
˯ˣ˰찲΢һ£оЩʲô
뵽ߣһӲģЩϤ
ƵͷǸȻһѴƤ׵ľ
Ƶһţˣ
һѣ۵Ĳ޳
ҡͷܵģĽݵľġ
о⣬оϡ
Ȼһÿ˵ĶбǣĽݵľʱóͷƼΣһܿó
Ƥף.ӷޱȣ⡣
棬һţ001
ֵΧ˿
ôĽݵĵ˯ĵط
Ӵ߶ĽҰ˵Ļڵ
ѵĽˣ
ˣΪʲô
ŬһμĽݵʱŰ״оʲôѵ˵Ҳ
Ҳ˲ô࣬طǺöϾôĵ첻
պðƻȥϢ
һҹμ˹弸ΣÿζηĻ档
ڶһ簲۾ȥ·ϾͿǽϢһᡣ
Ҫ·Ĺ˶󣬰ƶ˯ѡ
˶ƴӻȥ˵˶ԹĴá
Ѿ֤Ϊ˲鰸̱ƹˡ
֤ҲȷʵָȻˣҲƽı췴顣
飬Ϊ˵ܵǣŴ
ΪѾ鴦˶˳ȥ
үͷš
Ϊ참ȥ̷һꡣ
ڳ﹬ſڵţһС̫ഫİơ
ˡ
С̫ϻȥߺ
Ǿ⹬ʱ顣
صǹһ춼û屻ӵˣڹﲻܳȥΪĻʶƵô
ԭȰƻƳ۵׵ı
ˣʱһѱúţˣʵʲôǡ
ôܰѹŪҪȻЩ˿϶ưոݡ
ŲųţճȥͿϵ۴ӷǹ˽ϵ۰Ƹ˸ӣҪġ
ǻϣʲôʱ
˵ʲôҲܵ档
μϡ
ɡ
ϵһЩһֱĵš
˵˲ȥȲֻԼˡ
Ƶӣϵ۶ЩΡ
˼ȥˡ
ϣȷʵ
ܾ˯߲ã˵ҲǷݡ
˵롣
ϵ۰ֽƣɨ迴һ£ȷûʲô£û£û¡
֮ǰѪҲ˵ô
˵ҹη࣬취
ϵۿŰư죺޲ǡ
ϣȥߣˡ
Ƹ˸ӣƿˡ
칫æŻͷ˿ĺˡ
ת칫ϵۣϣᣬǸӡ
칫ٰ˵ġ
ūҡ
칫æŹ£ϵ۷·ˣߡ
ƴӷǹ޴ȥڹй䣬ͺˡ
̧ͷŷ֣߳Զˡ
طǹĽأ̧ͷ乬֡
꣬˵ùʱʲôùˮҲˣȻ·ߵ乬
תҪȥתҹɫз·һɱ
徹Ȼ˸֪ܸоʲôΣյڳ߾ۼΧ˿תڡ
ˣ·ûеطˡ
ϴŵ;
û飬ܸʲô
(δ)

ڶ ɱ֮

ܿĸѾ˰Ƹƿĸ˷ֱǽֳߺǰ档
˰ưѾ˵ҩ۹
ǿ֪£µ
ֻҪĲôˣƶԶԸ
֡һһ£ٳŰϮѾ׼ˣû뵽˴ٳ֣٣ֱӰѰƱЩ
˴߰˸ȥǹˣÿ˶źɫ·ų
ֵʱڵϣߵʱڵĦлǡ
ƿǰ˿ٽսЩȻû뵽˳ְﰲƣһʱЩԾ
ûƴȫҪɱơ
վں棬ʱ׼Աǰսңֻǹ۲졣
һ⽣Ӱɱ˷ţʼٻͬ飬ǵͬûжñٳˡ
֣ڻʹ棬ôܽô˲֣
ѵ˵Щԭǻʹˣ
Է˶ʮˣ¹ǵס˰Ƶ˵ȥ·ǲѰɱ˲ˡ
߰˸Ƶߣһ˵ߡ
ˡһ˵
ʼ˵˻ͷһ̷ֿۣǰˣ׼ӦС
֪Ҫùˡ
ܣ˵Ѿƽˣ˵߰ɣǵĿҡ
ûᰲƣ˸˰ѰŻס
ʣ˭ˣ
û˻Ӧ
ɱ̹˳˳ȥһ˲λߣѵؾˮ
ƿǼֱսѻҪ٣ʲôˣ
٣ЩѲڣһˤһҪȥߵһסƵ󣺡԰ꡣ
ƶˣˣûбܣôȥҪ
ԶһЩˣЩٶȺܿ졣
ʮȻͣˡ
ҲŽ
Ƶ˵
Һ˵ߣѰƱм䡣
ˣ໥Ȼ˹
ƽŵҪôˣ̫ˡ
ƾ㾭飬Ҳû
ۿ˳ȴǲ˴Щɱ飬䣬ָɾݡ
ƿߵˣʶô
ʶǵˡ
ŰƵ˻ش𣬰˵ɱǾС
˵갲˦ȥ˵ǰóҩԷԷ棬ƿ˽ȥԷ㶰졣
˺˶Էӣˡ
ʱѾһƬսѾˡ
ɱ˵ĺˣ˵۰ƣת뿪
˲䲻Ӱˡ
ŰƵĺɿ֣ת뿪ˡ
תѾˣٿʮˡ
Щ㵣˴̵ʱ򿴼һֱҪˣû뵽ôˡ
ƿЩˣһ뿪
ûжԶ˺ƣơ
ƽܵͣ
ƽܵǰվŲΪŻˣһ§˻
ƣƽƿ
ΣҪǱ忴
ƽ׷ʣôŵˣ
ҡͷðɣЩôģʲôݣ
ʣƽȥ飬һ˵ƽһ£ҲˣԷǹ̫֮࣬ǰġ
ƽּ˼ˣǷǹˡ
һʱƽŲ
Ųţ߳˶ѣ׼뿪
ƽܽȱߡ
ûߣͿƽܵȼѣѵϵȫˡ
ûվһ߿ƽܻ֤ݡ
ƽܴӻƱƣûգѾǮˣٽ±ǡ
ܿͻˣ߰ɡ
֪ƽܲҪʬ𼣣ΪʱҪʬǲܵģֻҪЩ˻ݡ
ڽôʺϲ׷̫󲻻ѻʺ
ǽߣƽܸ
˭û˵ܿ߳Ǳߣ˷ֹŻѾʼˣƽһѱסƣ˹ǽ棬ȥĹߡ
ߵˡ
ߡ
ƽܿߵͷ
εҵȽۣٽߣҲ㹩ҲΪҺá
ұ㡣
˵ƽܾҪƣѰŵòᣬ㿪ˡ
Լߡſߡ
߳ŻķΧڣƽͰƻȥǹǹҲĻ̻̣һҲƣһǺŻ
Ҷģᱻ𲨼
칫ϧùһڷǹſڵţƳ֣˫˫һ
칫æǰˣ
š
ƴкȥˡ
֪ϵ۾Ժš
(δ)

ڶ 

ϵ۰ǰϵǰվţЩ裬ϵۿһᰲơ
칫˶˵˻ңŴȥ
ǹûˣֻаƺϵˣһ仰Ҳû˵
Ϊϲ
ʱȻ࣬Ҳ漼ܡ
˭ȥҲܸϹȥ
ֻûʲô˵ġ
ϵۿһᰲƣȫѪȣô£
ƻصתתû뵽ߵ乬Ǳ·ˣʱһЩˣҪɱңһЩˣ˱ңϵѪǸʱմȾϵĲŶԡ
ϵ۵ɫʧ乬ǱߣѵŻˣ
ҡͷҷŵġ
Щˣ
ƼҡͷҲǺˡ
˭ϵ𣬰ԥˡ
ã˵ϣ˵ʱû塣
ϵۿŰƳ񣺡ǲ˵ģ
ûвˡ
ƺܾᣬõĻϣЩܶࡣ
ץץˣα⣬ҲǵһΡ
ڴ档
õĵԼ滹˵һϣûн
ûˣɱô죬ҪҲû
ûвˣΪβޣ
꣬ǻϣô㣿
ϣǳǻ϶ˣֻû·ǲǳԵñԲŻϲҪ
Խ˵ϵԽ漸죬Ҳûȥ
˵ǡ

Խ˵Խϵ۸ɴ಻˵ˣ˾ôţֱ漱ææĽˡ
ϣ乬Ǳ˺ܶˡ칫档
ϵۿ۰˵ոһֱΪ±ŵҪ˵
칫һ£عæ˵ǡ
ϵȥ˷ǹ棬ϵתƫŵ˭
ʺʱӦòֲŶԡ
벻ףֺˣﻻ·ȥϢˣֱҹʱϧùţҪȥƲŴӴš
ǹƻͨϵԺţֵϧùã£
ʺԺ˲ٵˣ̫飬ʺڷǹҲ¡ϧùҲǺСĵ˵
׹ͷȥϵۡ
칫ȥſڣϧùűߣƲŷַǹʣ⼸ˣϧùú칫ĺԶϵ˵ʲôҲû֪
ϵ۽а£ԥһ²¡
޿ϵ۰͹ȥƱ㰴סȥ顣
ſְ˵ֻҪܿơ
ϵ۵ͷһˡ

һᣬϵ飺Щһʮպ÷ǹʮĸˣĸܷŭԻʺһֱʥʺ޹صģֻôһʺҪʥ˼
ϵ¶ƵݣҲϵۺƳûи顣
Կ϶һ£ϵ۵Ķǻʺµġ
ʱ䶾ûмΪͻʺĹϵ
Ҳʺô¶ġ
˵ɱ˲ǻʺһ㰲Ʋҹͬ
Ҳǻʺɱˣ˭֪ǲǻʺ
ʥϾǷĹҪǿܵġ
ƵҲƫʺ
ʺɱҪرԭɣرԭ
һϵЩ룬ŻȥϢ
ƵϵˣϧùãҲȥϢ
һμ˹弸ΣÿܳƣĲá
ڶһ簲ȥȻܴӴˣҲһ⣬õô죿
㲻Ҫǿţûôƺѡ
ֻ˵һ䣺ѾûʲôˣҪظȥ
Ƶû˵ʲô̫Ҳû϶˵ʲô˼ͰѶˡ
ǶҪ뿪ʹϾ廹ûôȥ˵ǡ
˶ȥ˳ϣٹٵ˵ҪҲ˼Σ˵ǲڹҲ£Ҫȥ
ϵ׼˶뿪˵ҪͲȥ
ȻҪȥģ
ϵȻ׶⣬ȴɡ
˵ϣ岻ʣ෽գ治֪᲻أҪ鴦ųĻ
ˣǾɡϵҲ˵׼˱˳ˡ
ת뿪˭Ҳû˵
յĳϸ𾪣ǴģǴҪ볯
ƺ˵ڹſڣһ뿪ġ
˶ˣ岻С
뿪ȥүô
û£ȥԺ˵ۣȴޱȺ䡣
Ѿ֪ˣЩɱˡ
ֻܳ
˿ҩȥǵлˣлл
Ϊ㣬Ҳл۾˵
ƿ棬˸š
(δ)

ڶһʮ Ժ

Ƶ˴ԺκִſվţǵȰƣ֪Ϊʲô
Դ찲ˣκִÿվһᡣ
ҲԼеЦһõȵˣ
ʲô˭֪
κִһ£Ŵк
Ƶ˵ͷ
˿ʥּκִȻȻڹʥּġ
ƺЦˣκִ˼
һȥģ
˵ŮС˸С
˴Źģֽס˵֣˴˿̺Ǹˡ
үСģ
Сźţ¡
һۣ⼸ջôݡ
ǰ⣬һȥˡ
ﾹЩ
ĿǰǺúõģ֮ͱ
֪
Ժǰκִ˸к
κִû뵽к
ģ˵мҪȥˣȥ￴
ߵ̨£׼ȥκִ
ᣬӲߡ
κִǰûʥְּȥ
ûỹҪȥκִ̧ƾһ£Ҫû
ɫһͷؿڣκִæŰ˻ȥְðˡ
ǰߣκִҪˣһ߹ȥκִûУ˾Ǳӳȥɳˤ˴档
Ժ˳һЩŹӣˡ
˵㣬ȥʰǡ
꣬Ƿ޴ʱˣǰһĻ͸ŵһ
뿪˵Ĳζ¡
ߵǰס֣Įߣ
ƾܾĻᣬԸŶȥ
գҲֻǿţʱǿôࡣ
ǰ򣬶Űߡ
˴ӳ߹۸˴ЩˣĿ⺮伸֣˭Ҫ˱Ĳųն
Щһˡ
˳һֱ˳ȥתηȥ
ûסˣƺͶܿ쵽˹Ѻĵطû뵽Ϲĵط
ͣһ£Щ
ΣյĺֵܣУҲ컯Ūˡ
¶߰ŪȥŶҪôȥ棬Ҫôҽȥ棬˭ҪһȥƲƲˣƲֻᵣˡ
Ȼ뵽ʲôûҲڳɣȥɡ
˵Ѫһתȥ棬·ǣһҲһˡ
ƫƫҪˣߵſڿһŵ˹ȥ˼æŶûϿţΪ˫ֳס˫ֱ塣
κִǰ˱һſڣҲǲȥ
һκִעǸظ֮ˡ
˼ҷޱһ˹ȥȻʧ
ҲðƽȥȻԸ⿪ţϴûðƼϹһ棬κִЩڡ
Ϊû£û뵽ˣһ㶨ˡ
һ֣֮һ
κִʳѰ
ƿ˿ΧȻǹŴ˵Ҳס
ҵĹߣƴ˽ȥ
ηﲢǺܲϾǹѺʼ׵ĵط
һŴһЩӲݣҲ֪칬ôģһŵùζһŵùζһᣬᡣ
ʱţȫˣǹĲá
˼˶Ȼ
ơ
ԭסһ˲޵ˮҧҧ촽
ҲôûϢˣƨҪޡ
ӣޡ
æԭ˼侲ĺܣѾ˳ȥİ취һƿˣһĳˡ
޵ôί˭۸ˣ
ѰƱסҲ̲סصĿ
屻޵æңһǰƶߣһ˫ְ壬֪
ƿһ᲻ãҲ˲ֱӰѰƵͷסصͣٿޡ
ӣǵ߻أóϣǼܺá
˲ˣ뿪Ƹ˲˭۸ˣ
Ʊ˵û۸һ빬ƢҪȥҪӰѻ
ʲôԭ򣬴ط᲻á
Ҳţûȥ
ǡ
(δ)

ڶһʮһ м֮

ӣȰѹһȺɱ˵ˣɫһѿˣǸҪԱϽɱ
ƿϷ֪һԲϾһɳ죬ٽƽܺң⵹⡣
ƽܣ
ԭǸ̳ӣޣ˵ƽǸͷС
ɫһʣô֣
ԥһ£ֻҪܳȥݺ˭԰˵ν
ڹһֱңҾ˵һûʱ£ʲô£˵Ƿ˳ӣžˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôˣ̣Ҹӡ
ӣĻɫԽѿ
ҿûҪұˡ
ҪǲȥҪˣ忴ſڣȥ
ֿˣ忴ȥסʲôⲻûºúõģ
ӣү㲻ڣɱķұǳ뿪Ҫζ˶Ҫƴڲ֪ôˣ
ޣȥ
ƣתصϣϸ˰龭˵һΣŵǱãȻȥԺͻȥ
үѾ뵽취ȥˣƵЩ⡣
忴˻ᰲƣƲҲҪȥˣֻû뵽ǵĵôôżոսǾѾͲסˡ
ſڹ廳屧һᰲƣǱˡ
£ܷκε飬ǻ˺ĸӡ
̧ͷ壬ôƭ廹Щⲻȥһ¹͡
崹ŻСŮˣԳ
롣
ǺɵЦưһۣүҲҴкһֱġ
֪ˣ´αһơ׹ȥưˡ
ҲоˣＸûȥͷϴĵطҲɾ
ȳȥ硣
үô϶ƵЩˣ˵ȥͳȥˣ
ƺɣ岻뵢ʱ䣬˼°ƣȥɣľң벻һھͳȥ¡
˵ŰѰ׼ѰͳȥƻЩãתסڣӲЩܣƲ뿪
˵˻Ƴţ˵Ŷﱾлл
š
ƵͷӦˣ뿪
ѾˣҲ⣬ƺŸ⡣
ƿһתˡ
ŶڵţŶƳҪ
ӣЩĲ̣Ϊ
ˣʣƵͷ
Ŵظ
˳Ѿˣ˳ʮֲãôĵӣʲôطʹ˽
򳤹˵Сùá
仰óˣҲųģǺʵһЩ
뵽֪ĸڵġ
˻Ѫˣ˵ȥɡ
ˣ飬ǰסˣܸù鷳ˡ
˵ʲôѲɱܿѶȥѵôͰɢҲû̫档
ͻȻã֮ƹܴԺ޷Ǹһ·
űˣƸҩִ룬Żˡ
˺£˱ˡ
۵Ѿ˯ˣ˸˲ݵ˼֡
ЩΣǺõģǶϲȴƳڶ˺һЩҲô
ǻС
ˣƶЩġ
ȭŹȴҪļıȴá
һᣬƺһͬ˸ӣϱùá
˰֣ɡ
ƺ˺һЩȥϸȫˡ
ɫ΢˵ѹҪôò֣ǱҲĲǡ
̧ͷ۳ֵˡ
ǻذɣѶúչţ.ȥʱԻ
ϱ
Ҳʲô㣬ȷʵ岻Уع²ý
һֱûѣƴʱ鿪ʣĹЩмϾðġ
ȥһˣƲͷȥܼ˵ѿǧ˲һңտ
˲ɵͷӦˣȵ³ȥ
Ƶ˸ιһѪ
ۼŰƸιѪһԲҲ
ιòסҲЩˡ
۾оĹͷڻָʹҲһʧ
㵽ʲôˣ˭һֱɰƵݣû뵽ƵѪԾ
(δ)

ڶһʮ ж

ûнͣҲ˽ȥٳʱ򣬶Ȼܴӳˡ
·ϵ˿ڣԭõĵطʼˣֵû£˿ڵİ̺һʧ
㵣ɫ԰׵İƣô£
Сʱʳʦİٱ裬ʦںԼõģҳˣ˵ܳϣûгϣֻѪһ档
ʦ˵ȡһѪһ룬ҵѪὥʧȥЧҲɥ
ȶĲ̣˼Ұæ֮ǰ˯ˣû뵽ѹˡ
ҲͿˣҪҸڡ
ɻȥ׼˵ʲô˻ˡ
Ų˵ˡ
ȥ·ϰư˲гƬһҩ
Լģʦֻһţ˵ĹЧ԰ɡ
֪Щ˿ģҲûоܾ
ȥ³Ѿ࿴۰ƣ֪˵ĻģҲǸм
˻صȥˣҪиӡ
̫˻Ҳû˵ʲôȥϢȥˡ
Ʋò˵⹬˵ĮⱲӼˡ
ŹƵϢ磬ǽ϶ͻнġ
£֪ġ
һʱʼûƱתҪȥˣתС̫

Ц£תѾС̫ࡣ
ūŲμ칫ūȥſڵţ˵Ǳߵ
֪ǹǱϢˣҲûʱȥˡ
˹ſڰƷˣĻֻ칫кҽͺ
֣λƼ
ū
ְ
ƵûȥλȥҽҽҲҪ˳ɡ
ְȥģոսӵ٣ȥΪⶾġ
һãȻ
ҽ˵жˡ
ĿһǿסȻԼ¶Ӧû¡
ǿ߰ɡ
ϳ˹Ժ³æȥ塣
κִѾſڵˣϴȥ
һ߰һʣүôˣ
Լɣǰˡ
ƵĽŲһûԵκִһѷסƣƲûе
ɿְƿߵǰǰߴʱţɫֽڴǰŹַ
ү
Űƺһ䣬ϵ˺޷Ӧֱͦͦڴϡ
ȥ£ôжģ
ſվסɨ衣
ѹģ
Ƶһ뿪䵽˴ϣһײһ£˿֣ѵˣ
ҽæŹ¸ҽŵɫһף
ƿҽһԲˡ
סְʣҽʲô
ѹġ
ҡͷµģҪˡ
Ƶϣֻܵˡ
Ȼ˵磬Ҫ
Ʋ˲᣺׼ⶾˮľͰϡ
ҽ˲һɡ
ǲܾȻҽЩãԲģ뵽ôҲûоܾ
ڿҪˡ
ܿ׼˰ҪĶվһѾȫӲĹ壬£תȥ۾е䡣
κִæߵߣȻرܡ
۾˲ϵˮ·İʣѾͷ
ƿùá
жٰգ
һѹ
ĿᶨǱ˽ȵݺˣǹԼֶΣ˾Ⱥá
֮´Σ
ת·ƿҽҽǰҰŵˮ
˼æǰƽ˷ŵˮ
˵Ƕȥºҽ̡
תţ룬ȸ룬ӸѪ
ΪжϵѩҹѾʼˣҪѪС
ҽżֱҲȥæѪ
һʱǿһЩѪӹ˳
ƿѪʼһЩЩˣúõĸѪ˻᲻ˡ
Ҳҵģֹ֣ŪôĶĲˣ
Ƽװһҩ˽ȥʵûԡ
ҽȥЪЪžͳˣѾͨˣϽⶾˡ
ҽҲûʣȻβⷽ棬ҽȷʵŵù
(δ)

ڶһʮ ϳ

˰½侲жţĲԡ
ոһ̽Ȼж嶼һѾ࣬գһѪԿ
Щ϶Ҳͷˡ
һʱƷ˯һᡣ
΢ĺ۾ʱľͰ濴Űơ
ЦЦ۾ֱˡ
Ƽæȥ壬û°Ʋһ
ˡƺ˽
ҽѾкˣϲǱסˡ
ˮﱻ˷ȥ˴ϣƸɾţſûһ󶼲Űײ滹ѪЩ֣ôѪˣ
ҽæŽͣжѪѾֻ̣ܸѪѪѹ
ǲҽѪҺһЩԭԻǲ
û¾ͺãɣǡȳţѿռƺ͹塣
ЩסȴʱʱĶһ¡
֪ѾûˣȻڵġ
кҽȥҽѾˣǺڵȬö֪
ҽͲûȥڻȥйͣȥʲôûˡ
Ǳְлعҽˣ̽һ¹壬ִʱĹǿûˣ֮ǰǻһЩ
ƿſڣ滹ˣҪһʱˡ
Ҳˣûһţþ˯ˡ
ʱţκִ˵ͶƲ׷ҲѲ˹ϵְ鵽һĶ
˵
κִǵһο
ͷһ˲ˡκִ²򵥣ͷʮˣôˣ
أ
˶ˡ
κִ
˫һ𣬿ס֡
û˺ʲô˽Ӵ
ˣ鲻ֻ֪Ȼ˷
ôϼáĿĺŽգκڣôҹȱУ
κִһ£̧ͷ򳤹ǡ
תһתԼķ
κִЩĳȥš
˳κִЩ⣬æȥҳǣ
Ҫʥǰʲô÷Ž
ǡ
Ѿã˳ȥˡ
ةҲةฮ·ةͣ£ųȥŸš
ȵ˹ſڳſѾһЩˡ
һ۾Ϳ˰ʱɫ䲻ãŮȻ˶ɱˣҪȥ˵ģϲ˸ˡ
վһߣϳ
Ҳڣ¿ҲڣˣСˣ̫
Ķˡ
һ۰ѵò˹ȥ
ǱΣ
һ죬²˭˵ˣΨ˵ûƢ
ͳˡ
찲˵һ仰
һڳˣת˵ʲôʱˣ

ȥлϣ˵档
С̫ŵһ£Улϣ
תС̫ܵñӶ죬æȥϡ
·æŲȥ̫
̫ûϢӳ£Ҳ˯ţ˵ûˣ׻ۡ
ⲻǶҲܳȥ
Ȼǻ̫󣬵ҲΡ
ϵ۽ǰ糯ֻΪ˳ĳ֡
μϡ˫ƽͷ
ϵ˵񡣡
˵ȷ׷ϵ۰˰֣ʾƽ
ߣ˵бࡣ

칫ѱӳϣϵ۴򿪿һۣ˵жйأ
ˣȷʵйء
û֤ݡ
ϣץʲôʱҪ֤ݣѺڴԺȻǴԺ飬ôޣ
ûĶͷ뵽ֻס
ˣôˣ˭
ˣû룬Ϊʲô룿ᷢ飬Ҫүӳ룬ͲҪֱˡ
ϵ۲òǰҲûжˡ
̨ϵߵǰùðŻˣùöԳƱոմùԳƳ޶ˣ޻Ϊù޵أ
ϵΣȴһ
ȥϣѵ¾ôô
ùãϣܲ޵ĵܵܣļ٣ѾˣǱƼˡ
ͿܰѱΣͲΪǣԸǴãαѹڴԺأ
(δ)

ڶһʮ ֶĬ

˵˴ڳ˶ˣԸⵣ֮Ϊ˼ְָ֮
ϵҡͷڱô
Ȳҡ
ϵΣǻңⲻǶˣùˣȣһޣ
ϵתصߴĿϱ䡣
޲׼
˵ϵˣȥҲûϵۣתˡ
˵̧ͷһֶۣѾһ¶⣬ֻǵķʽЩر

˵Ѿȥˡ
̫һ뿪ϵۣת뿪
ةѵøʵ̫
̫һһ˵ةкδͽ̣
²ٲȥˡةȻ;̫и˶Թ;̫ʱȴͬġ
ΪǶЧһϵģ׵뷨ǲͬ
̫˵棬¾Ϳδˡ
š
ةҲôģҪǻǲҪ;̫ˡ
ǰ棬ʹһ
˳ʣ룿
ߣûʲôġ
ǺһЦϷıȽֱӡ
˵Ǿͱ˵ˡ
ȥС˿˿ߵȥˡ
ү
ˡ
˭Ϊ
ϷҲס
СһЦԭˣүһ£һ
СҲ첽ȥة࿴һۣˡ
¿Сˣ˹ȥҪСˡ
̫ͰߵһߵĲ졣
Ǿ̫˵СϻҪˡ
ǺһЦСϻˡ

˲УûôĻ˹ֿȥˡ
һſֺģ۾ֱ̧ͷһۣѾˡ
ƿһſڣû˿ǣһڹ塣
ϲоѰƱס
ŮӶֵĺܣεΣŤŤ󣬲ڡ
忴ſڣƷŵ£ѿ⿪ס֣ҡҡͷſڡ
¿ɲǳԷЩҲԡ
һͿƲסո˹Źصˣôͺˡ
һڰƣȻвʣ뿪ȥˡ
򿪹һۣ˿ڻϵļģǺѪѾǺܾǰˣڲϵô
Щ꣬ҪǸѪ˿ھͻϣ˿ͻΪƭˡ
ҪǲѪ°̺ۡ
ЩĲ̡
һˣЩ忴Ƶ뷨̲סȰ
Ƴһ֪Ҿ͸һŽⶾ裬ƭƭ͹ȥˣӣۣ
Ŀˮεºܣһȫܾҽ㣿
ŰƵ֣Ὺָһʰƣʮָ֣
ƵͷѰƵַŵؿڣʵҲȫҰģȥϡЩȨƣᣬ˵Ʊ׷ɱȻҪǲ̫̰ģ˻Ҫɽ
һ¶סͣ˵ʲô
һֻƵ֣Цݡ
˵ûһҪ.Ψһһ˵۾
ƸжޣΪŮǲϡ˵ĻģڿҲǡ
֮󣬿϶ˮãԻˡ
Żôж
ү
˵ʲôʵҲ˵ĻԱɡ
һֻİƵС֣һȥ˾͸ǣѾûˡ
ǲҪȥη
ǿɲᣬɼ쵹ġ
û˵˵ҪϢ죬ưƽʱ
үԥ
廹ӣš
Ҫǲжбķô
кܶ࣬
ûΪ
һΣ
ֺģ֪ʲô
үȥ
ŰѰƷſƸϱӣһ¹û˵ĳȥ
巭ȥֳŰȥſڡ
ƸоĿģתȥ壬һЦưһۣתȥţƿŰƻͷѾúȥˣͺûһ
תȥŹϡ
ſûˣƷ࣬Ͼ֪ʹթá
Ժǰֺģ˹ȥǰš
Ҫүš
ԺͰ˵˭Ҳڡ
滹бˣֺ֮ġ
(δ)

ڶһʮ 

ûĿһ⣬治ְʲôˣ
ߵſ˵үѾûˣȥ߹ܼңõġ

һƵ̽
ȥɡ
ƲϵתȥǱ߳Ƹ˸ӣùá
ˣЩ㲣ҹһҹû˯
ƻصѾûˣء
ߣǺСʱһˣƤĺܡתȥ˹ǱߣߵſƿűȥˣŽţȥһӸ
ù
۰ƣ㵹Ǻܻ¡
۾˯ˣ˵㻹۾ű㣿
۾ųȥ
ùá
ɫ䵭һнɽѿǣܺð
ùý̵ĺá
ҪƸˡ
Ҳ⣬ֻʣ㣬ɱ
˵ôĶӣûôͿǱһνȥʱͱ˵ɱ˵ģ˵һỰȥڶνȥȻ˿ڹ˵ָʾģ˿ڹѺˡ
ȱ뿪󣬾˵ˡ
ҲЩ֣ô˵һүȥʱûдϵģϣǵڶүȥʱͳˣǲʲô˼
۰ƣû˵
˵Ϊ̫ͻȻͱѺˣ϶Ҫʲôˡ
ˡ
ſ˽ſڹ
Щ⣬ôˣ
κִҲˣűʽ壺Ѻɡ
ǩֻѺ
κִѿڹߣ˻ȥһκִκִѾȥˡ
ҲǳصģȻ鷳㵹Ҫ𱾹עˣôǸүÿղΪ͢ͻЧΪһЩëƤС鷳
ƽΪɣʱйе˼ҵǺεȵĲԼ
ǰδ޽㸮֮ǰھʲô㲻֪
ʲôˣô
ˣʲô˼
Ҳȱ첲ȣҲܺÿ
Ʋģù⻰ϱ˵˵䲻϶ϱģүǽ֦Ҷôȵˣ
尮͵ȷʵ
ȥƤܺ񣬺һ
תȥ棬ߵġ
ֱ׳˵Ҳ޴ùء
Ǻסûԡ
ͣһ£תŰƣЩõ˵Ƥ񡣡
Ƹ˸ӡ
תš
Źϳҡҡͷᡣ
忴ȥ㰡ʲô˵Щ
˭дùҵģ˵ҺôٺãҲǲүģô˵Ҳеġ
ʣҪǱʲôûУֻǽֱߵؤƻѡ񣬿ǻ뿪
Ҫô˵ˡƲƭ
˵廹ЩţϾŮʲô¶ĳ˵䲻дĻ侲˻Ҫ
˵ؤԭиȻϻ
ǰ˵Щ֪ûʡ
Ǽ˵˵
˵ؤҪĺãϽģûǮûȨҲνоͿˡ
ǲһģЩ˾ʺȥ̣Щ˾ʺȥ࣬ѵ˵ܵĽҪȥةࣿ
Ҳ̫˵ˣͺͺһʲôʲôĪǿ
˻Ҫȥı°ɡ
үʲôؤҲû⣬үϲû⡣
ǰǣѾ޸үүӡ
ǡ
үڽֱߣͷģҼ۾ôãҲүգ˵ϲү
ûеĻôүƾʲôһ֮Ů¼޸ؤ
һүƢã߸ϣҪŴڽӴͨˡ
ͨ˿Ȣһӣү˵׼ͨҲᶯɱҪҿǼǵá
ɫѿԽȥǻ²˵ҪƽһЩҲѡүүڵٻҲϡ
ԸȥҸͨˣҸݵĵطȥ
үּ޸үҲˡ
Ͼүˣϲġ
ʣô˵һʼԸѡ㲻ѡ
š
ɫģǶá
ʣүϲңǲүԺիˣ
һ£ŰƽСˣ
(δ)

ڶһʮ ץ

湬֣ҲǣԵֺأү̫飬ҪζŵģҿʼЩˡ
үң᲻ѡүҲᣬȻүѾǷޣҲϲүԸүһ𣬶һһġ
үҪȽϣүܼġ
ܼ÷Ҫõ
ҲǾŮˣʲôãͲһеҪõòҪٵ
ֻҪϲģģ޹صģȥᡣ
ˣûģҧһ۰ƣĲˣת𴦡
֣Ǹʲô
˵ϲεļ޸ܲ£תӴţŭӰơ
ƺЦǺӡ
Ǻӣٺƭ͸㣬ܷʲô£ǱˣǱĹκʱ򣬶뿪
˭ҲܲˣүܺԼɡ
׼ȥһȢɺã
ƻͷҪȢˣҾͲڼˡ

ƣѾˡ
˫סү֪ŬˣҲŬ
ɱһ㶼ġĿŰƣƾе϶ӣʱܷȥϡ
ƺЦǾûаȫУүˣʲôɵĵģүٷ磬ι֮ţǣ书ס
ûңҲ
סڣ
巴ӦǿңȻŭӰơ
ƵĿ£Ʊɲ˵
񽥽ºͣи޵ĽҲϡϡȵøԺҪ˵ǻ˭ñȢ͸Ʋ
ƵͶ˶ллү

ѰĲ̤ʵǿƵ񣬱ܸоǶûкġ
еĸӦ
κִǺö廹ھ£ֻûһ⣬Ȼһ֮³ŰκִзϾͲýˡ
үոպãš
˵Ǹ±֪
ƾᣬꡣ
Ϊùͣ˴彲顣
˺̹˵Ȼôһţ࣬㡣
һ£ֻѣһдģα⣿
ҲǱľʾߵҪûмЧҵģҪ˼
үĸҲ̫ˣʱ䲻磬ûԷ˷˵үţȥ
ǣš
ʱ䣬ƾͿκִˡ
ȥ˽ϣƿٹſڣٹȻɥˡ
źƺƵĳ飬κִ˵ǸոշѶǾͷɥˣ
ޱ飺űͣҪŵץˡ
ǡ
κִתȥ£ûаʱĹľүûг׷ͺڷʹ࣬Ķֵͬˡ
һץȫץˡ
ƳԹžͿһȺ˱˽ȫɥġ
ʮˣһŮ඼ˡ
Ѻ˴档
ȥһ£κִȥʣ׵ǣ
šκִӦ
֣Ϊʲôץǣ
ϢϢү͸ˣⲻϺأǵɺܴץҪѶġ

ƿȥˣ
תƻȥ߹壬һ㶼⡣
үһ㶼⣿Խ͸ˣȻҲʣƺһж֮С
岻ΪȻùԭиҰĶӵġ
֣úõô˵Щˣ
˵ҺͱǵͰǴùõŸӣøȥʱ򣬴ùѾ˺ӣ⺢ӶԴù˵
ӳûϵϲû¾ȥұ棬ϻһʫˣϿӵģ˭Ҳû뵽һҺͱһ棬ū׼˸ǣǴԣҲûпǵôࡣ
˭֪жˡ
ǾͶˡ
ʱûôĸ㣬˴ӣʱҽⶾˡ
ôȥˡ
ʱǱжˡ
ʱ򣬴ùѾվһʧȥ
̾Ϣ㲻뵽ùöº⣬Ҫжģ
ҡͷѾˣ߰ͲǵôˣҲǿùõɫãǼ飬Ǽ¶ԴùӰܴĸģùǺǵġ
ֻһͬŻŹǵġ
ǲ֪ڸģһٶ飬ùñȻˡ
(δ)

ڶһʮ ̱

ƻ˵ʲô
Ҫȥơ
үȥùá
˵갲ˣ黹ǲõġ
岻ǹģƻ۳
ӱ˺֪˭Ҫһͬʡ
ε飬϶Ǽŭ˳
Ƶ˴ſͣһ£һרѶķ䣬˾֡
ƽʱŹŰҲǵһο档
͸ſڲ࣬ӣ棬µĹԱվţ˲Ŷ
ܴ滹иѶ̾ߣеˡ
վſһ֣Ϳˣ˵ɡ
Ҳ˽ȥκִ
ڱߡԸˣ߹ȥڳ¡
˵һɡ
ûһˣĸƲʶ
Է۰ƣʶơ
꣬Էӵ񣬱Ȼʶģ˭˭ˣôǸ˾Ͷ
㣬ǲжһ£
ùã֪ һ޹
һӵϣְɣûԣǰ֮ˣǻҪ棬㲻˵Ǿͱ˵ˡ
һ١
ƿȥҪ
ùãﾭ򰡣ùÿٴ£Ĳ֪æ£һƵġ
Ȼ޲û˵úóȥģ϶οǡ
ѹùãֶѵǣ
˵ĺã졣
Ÿ˳ȥæ˵ùãҰɣĲ֪ˡ
˿ԣӲܲʮ
Űӵǰ˰סִҿĴбѪӲǴš
ŵðð
Ѷɱˣ
˵УͲУӣ˵
ոճ˵ˣ˵ͱ˵ˡ
£ѾͷתˣεѪģ϶Ѫ˿ˡ
ڵϣһԵŴȥӣ׳򣬴ĵ϶ѪҲǴƨɻǴǴ󱳣˶ˡ
Ҫ˵ʲô˵ģǸҽߣô򿴲ȥ
ŵӲ˵
ֱŻηƸоĿͨͨ
һ˵꣬һ
ʱ۵ϵѪɫЩס
ùá
˵ڴ
㣬ж飬в룿
΢΢ͨˣùãô飿
˵ô
ùã
ƿҪˣװ׾ĵǲǸˣŻЩ
ⰲƿһߵĳѹ˶˵׼ϵҲ
ˣŮ޵˱ĹңЩввˣǸ˽ġ
ԽԽ졣
תĹѾŵȫˡ
Ҳ֪ļٵģôôû
ɡ
ȥԸߵѾǰ
κִʶƽΪ˺ƣӱô򡭡
ȥô٣
ʮɣѾǼˡκִһ¡
ƿ򳤹ӵϣ֪鲻Ըϣһʮκִ˽һ塣
һûסӡ
סȥκִȥˡ
ְ٣һٰɡ
᣺򡣡
ӵ˸˭˷ֱߣֱ۾ʹ
˿ʼסҽ
κִ˵˼Ҳ򣬽Լ˹ȥ
ƿκִϵһţûҪҽε˼ŪְæҲˡ
һֱ˳ȥ
صѪĿġ
ƵҪ뿪ҡ
һ뵽ȥĺܺκִһ֡
֮½½ı򣬵û˳¶顣
Ѱ˼ôȥǻ˵ġ
ŴţָŮˣƿűŮˡ
Ů˸˸ӣùá

ȻŮҲôΪʲô˸Ůˣ
ϱүġ
žͺľ˵ʱ򶼺ܰ
ѾŮ˶û̫ĺøС
˵ж£֪ô
ԥһ£ϱ֪
ôӣҲܾô뿪뿪Ҳ뿪
ù𷣡
֪ܾô뿪ֱӹˡ
ӵϣ١
סʲô̷
(δ)

ڶһʮ Ż

һָУΣǶڳϣһʱ䲻ֱӣϳĺУѰŪȫӶҪѿˡ
ճ۵˹ȥ
ѳ˳ȥǼʶ˳
ԺҪСġ
ѹֶ³ֱǸŮħͷ
סˣˡ
ùãϱеҪعһˡ
ȥɡ
ǲΪѰƣ˵ëȻ¡
ȹһ·ߵſڣˣҪˣܻȥ
ƻصסæȥҹ壬忴һţ̴̵ĺЦ˭׷ˣ
һͷĻŵȫֱ£ѹһ̱סɪɪˡ
ôˣ˭۸ˣ
ƺȻصǸӣżƿƿˮЩøۣ˭۸ˣ
ѵǸһίӣù̫ˣ
һ˵һסˣŷӦ
ǡȻЦƿ޵ĸίˡ
㻹Ц
סƵӣס塣
̵ʱʲôûһǹԽѵҲǼģûֲ̫ˡ
˼Ҳˡ
屧ŰģǸŮˣƽʱҪ£ܻ㣬Ҫûᡣ
ƿһᣬžž˹¡
岻ۣŰ˿游ôĺӣֻдùú͸ʣԼСùһĸǵĸ˶ǵı
游ѲŰѻλġ
ʲݾģҪͰɱˡ
СùԸºͣùҪûеݾ飬ܰλ
뿪֣ѵùøȻʣ
ǴùøȻʣǴùùñ뺷ǳģΪʲô뺷ҪȻʵֵܶһЩαر뺷
ƺȻ׹ĿŹ壺ʵֻܺǵ֮·ܼա
ǵóѡ

ƻǾú£ԱŹ屧š
Ǳ˸Сӣ֪ȷʵˣ棬ڴ濿š
Ʊ۾Ϣû˯ˡ
忴˿˯ҲϢ
˯һᣬһ£屧ģ˯ſڣЩԹùҲǣŵá
˯һһ˯Ѹоöˡ
ǰڷǹ˵飬С׼ˡ
ʱЩ̣ʱùʴȵġ
簲ƶûȥţԾȥͲʲô£ֻҪȥһȫˡ
ǿˣˡ
ô£
ƲŹȤ
ƲŲᡣ
ЦҲµʱ򣿡
ϻ˭£һأǰҿЩ˰ģԥˣԥˡ
ˣǴùߵˣˣһٶӣƤɫ·ҶǸˬˡ
Żߣ뿪ʱһţɼù˭첻µز£˭˭Ҫ
ƽʱȥˣҿɲ򡣡
˵ģ⡣
ĿһĨ֣˵ʲô
˵ߵľҽʲôᣬҲͻβˣǵľҽǲѹأնɸѡġ
ͨľҽҲβ˾Ϳˣǲ
֣رһ֣бκһ֡
Ǳ˵ǾҽһģҪܴ̣һа٣ġ
ǱûмˣҲʮ
ÿ˶Ǿѡģ֮ǰѵʱħʽġ
һ׸ߵĳˮվţĽһŰҵͷȥҪˣŭңҪҲҪҹ
ҵʱר
¾ʱӵ㶳
ƻʱĻ棬ȻˣʱκǰѣҲµġ
ΪʲôôûˣŶŻˣ
ƽ侲ùǲģʲô
ʣĽݾȻô㣿
̧ͷǽ̹٣ôҲԭģһߣһѵû汾£ȥ
ԼҲ
ǵԭҲǵĵߣ
ƵǺʱԼг徢ںãȫǶԣµҪ
ҪǼĲ
ƺЦɡ
ְ˵뵽ǰѾƳüġ
˵˵ģˣǲ˵ĽҲ
˵ҪȥһطģĽҲ
ôˣ
ҡҡͷ岻ãǲˣ
үܲŴ̳ôҲүһӳʲô
ǽܹ㣬ܵô
ʲô
ߣ
Щˣ˴ȥҰƣߣƱܾ廹Ǳ˹ȥ
Ϸ°ƣһֵֵţˡ
ȥѾˡ
(δ)

ڶһʮ Ǽ

ʲô򿪣ȥ˲Ѫˣһɵ䵽ϣॵ
ס֣óĶ˳ϡ
嶢ŵϵĵӳλεģˡ
Ƹʱ򣬹Ŀʣʲô

ε֪ϲġ
ϾطûôµĶ
ֵҲټģϡˡ
ʲôõģ£ָͷͲˡ
£ⶫǱߣǶ棬УҲֻǼʮˡ
Ľݵġ
Ľݣɫһߣ
Ϊĵӵûӣ˵Ǳ͸ܸˡ
.åƷʣô̹
ϲ°ɡƳĳġ
忴˿ȣ֮ǰûУ
˵Ҳһšôá
˵ô֪ŲţԽˣٴУо
ƾͰ췢־˵ˡ
֣˵μĽ˻ӣ
Ƶͷ֮ǰμŰ״ӵģμ˵ģҲμ˼ΣÿζʱʱԶξ֣Ҳˡ
ɫѿҲɡ
ưһۣΪʲôаѵأ
Ҳô£ȥʣƤģƤһ
ʲô
ǴĥĶƤĥʵˡ
ѵװ棬ƤӷŵϣǱУʱϺ䣬Ƿŵ
ưѾŵϣЬиƤף滹иƤףΪ˲˺ף濨סǽģͭ㣬һȥĥϻ뿪塣
оǣĵʳ.ʱ򣬻ᷢһЩǲܳ
ڽϣоһԽϲˡ
ܷܳϿҡ
Ц£ţǵġ
ϲ忴ϵţʲô
֣ûе˼ҼʾһһϸĽ⡣
ʲô˼
飬಻һˣ˵ǰûˣҼǵһ
ʣĽݵĴţĵӣǵһģ
šԸʹһ𣬹Ǵġ
ʣأٺţ
£
ʮźţ
ǺǡЦ
Ű
¶²
屻θڣվҪ֪
Ǿ롣
˼ûµ
岻ˣŵʣʲôô
ƾùǸ汦ʲôеҪ֪顣
һЦһָģº󾭹ģҾͲˡ
ʧΪʲô᣿
ҲܵģҪܵģҾͻȥˡ
ң
ߵǰڵıסƣ˻Ҫ˵ƻǲ֪ڸģסˡ
ƲᣬţΪʲôȻһѵӣ
ر
šǴӦˡ
Űƻȥž˺ܶ⣬˵˵ŲˣڹĻϢŵ￪ʼϸĥ
ϵ̫Ǳţ̫һ᣺ʲôʱ˲ȥϢڱʲô
Ѿ˶ˣ˵ָԺҲˡ
һŮӣ飬պҲ޷ˡ
ԭмϼӲУ˵Ѿʳˡ
̫Įϵʴȱ֪ģƢҲ֪ģǱǣ˭ˣ
ϵ˵Ҳ֪˴ε飬ǳĴ֪թҪǣΪأ
̫ȥϵۡ
ϵˣȻ̫ʴȡ
Ȼֻǽʳɻ̫Ҳʡȥˡ
ǲⱾֻ˱˱Ϊʲôˡ
ǽֻǸʼ
ʵʵĹȥЩе˼һк˵
ǲû𣬷ӵĲ
еǷ䣬ԸҲҪȥе£Ҫ˻ϵһֱۡ
££͢ûˡ
۸ҹ¶ĸˣ
͢ϵٹٲܳ棬Ϊףûܹܡ
ˣиԺ
г
ȻͿǵҰˡ
ǱֵĹӣһк˵
ǲϣҹ¶ĸ
ȻλͲı
ĸģϵЩ֡
(δ)

ڶٶʮ ȥ

̫סϵķͷûô鼤ŭ˳µ
ҪڴԺ£ҲˣڴԺ£ǳĵطĹ˭
̫Ȼϵ׹ˣ޸ˣĸϢ
ϵתȥ̫˵ЩûȥˣʱöչˣŻһĻӡ
֪ˡ
ϵ뿪ȥˮ
ƳΪµ飬һֱʥϵ۱üʺҲмûƳˡ
ںܿ촫ϢƳʥԹϵ۽ȥةฮҲ̻̲
ةڿһѪ쿪ֿ˿æŲȥ
ƶĸѪŵûʧɫæŽиҽţȸҽˣ˻˻εϡ
ҽϣѾû취ˡ
ǼûҲǷ죬ǲˡ
ҽæ£ƶһ߹ȥҹ
ة漱æţǳƶæ˹ȥͣˣ˰ɲҪϷ򰡡
۾Ѿˡ
ة࿴ˣ˿ҩ˶˳ȥº˵֡
ˣо
үǲˡεˮ
ة˵ӻûأҪ»ӣϣġ
ةҡͷˣô˵ˣȻǳˣû˵ѡ
̫Ҫȥⲻô
˲̫ɺô̿ʹɱʮˣպʮĸ̿ͳֹ
ةۣǳģ
ةҡͷϷ
һ˵˳¶飬Сĵܵܣ껳١
ƿʼΪȻ˳ϾͿԽˡ
ɫãʣôˣ
껳ʮ꣬ƽ֪䣬Ǹв֮ˡ
ģĺӣͱˣڸĲá
˵ΪԱ¶˭ţ
ʣʮꣿ
š
ȥƸһ
ʣүҪȥˣ
Ǻȥ
ʣ㲻ǲϲô
˶죬˶ϲǺӡߵĺܿ죬ûþͿǺӡ
ʮ꣬üĿ㣬ƺǳϵ磬Ҳûаһ˶ûС
ſڰƲ⣺үҪȥ
˼嵽ȻʵֵܣûﲻĵһС˴ܲȥ
ӣӣһӣʲôɵĵġ
忴һᣬˡ
Ƹ뿪ʣүͿ
ˣǺĸԸģ
ʣǲԸģǳˣ׼ҵģԺҲûطȥôţ
һ仰ͿԻ
Ʋ˵ʲôŹסĵط
㲻ոջ˵ܵġ
ƣ취ȥһȥʲô취ҵһйŵˡ
ǺӵĵܵܣƲ뵽в˹껳١
ͷš
Ƶͷȥ
ʲôȥƣơ
š
ƻΪ뽻ʲôתȥ塣
ЦǺǺӣŶ󣿡
꣺Ǳүġ
ɫȻһ˵
Ṭ壬תҪߣЩǣ¡
˵
úñԼҪǲܰգȥҸˡ
СѾ뵽ˣ˭ʱ
š
ֱӴͷҲʶ
֪ˡתˡ
뿪Ժһ·ߵǰվһᣬͿ˳
ƾȻţ룬үõˡ
ɻ󣺡ү֪Ҫ
ǣ˴үˣȥ
ʮֿƲˣΪʲôôǿǳˡ
·ȥͲˡһˣýȥˡ
˿һЦתٻȥ档
ƴӲԶһᣬתȥ취˵
ص¶糣ſվϹܼңÿ춼Ϊ˵ȵ
ڸȵˡ
Ϲܼһݺᣬæߵǰɻˡ
Ϲܼҿ޵ˮ˵һˣ޿ģΪҿްΪүޣ
Ϲܼһ㵣ŷӦ
ҲˡϹܼҲ֪ʲôʵү϶û£Ҫðš
һֱүûףֻܱÿŵȡ
ֻȣû
һ¾̲סҪޡ
˾ͱˣǸһôޣ㣬浣ġȥ棬ܼҲ˲ܿŹȥ
ȥԺȥŪҩĶ
Ϲܼ棺˸ˣġ
ʲôأ
ڱԺأûţ˵ˡϹܼ̽ţԽԽˣ񲻱شǰˣ鶼µģĲ¶ȥˡ
Ҫֻڸϣиʲô˼
˵ɡ
ǡ
(δ)

ڶٶʮһ ƽ֮

Ϲܼʲôûûκα֣ϹֻܼȻȥŮӡ
ŮӴһ£ʱԺ۲һ£ֱȥƵҩſڵš
˶ǰŮӣãôһŮӴ֪ʲô뷨
Ҳվ쳤ү뷨
һЩնڵ
ˡϹܼ棬ƲŴ˽ȥ
Ϲܼƿţ˸˽ȥ
ŹϣŮ۲һ¡
ҩǱߣʣʲô
ȥѾڣҲҪˣ͸ְɡŮӵĮҲ͸ء
һ£ƽɡ
ƽ
ƽ̧ͷתƾվţϣսطƽƣҲһʶ
ƽԸΪӸǡƽȹڹ£ƿһƽǸ͸˰ɡ
֪ȴӡ
˵ˣʲôԺԡ
ԥһ£㲻ù£лֱӻˣҲϲ¹Ҳϲ˸¹⣬кҪҪȥ͵ɡ
ǣƽƽӵעŰơ
Щ֣İģȴϧ
֪ôƳ˵ֱѯʡ
ƽԥһ£֪
ţЩԹҲϸ˵иӣ꣬ǸӣүĶӣǲСҲ֪ȥܲܰѺӴ
ƷԸƽ
ƽȥԺ󡣡
ʱ䲻ֻ࣬һʱ䣬ϻ㡣
ƽ֪
ƽתȥƵˣת¡
֪Ϊʲôƽԡ
ƽԺȥ֣Ѳô͸ˣ
׵ģôôڸ
ϹܼҲһƽ͵ſںһֱƽˡ
ָƽҲܿ
ûôͽȥƽһʱ
һʱ棬٣ƽע⵽һˡ
үĶӹuǣuүĵӣĸ׺󣬽ȥæҲǺܴ󣬿ʮͷ
ע⣬ƽ˸῿ȥ
һʧǣײ˱ȥˡ
uתԶȥģλС㣡
ƽûлӦǰߣ˫Щ͡
uǻûгף۹ԶһŮӿۣҲүͷۡ
uǺʱŮӺԹϾףȻŮĽ
˹ȥuǸ˹ȥ
ƽһٶҲûлӦȴѹȺȻùu΢΢˼
ᣬuҲԽ
һξ룬ƽ̾Ϣ
ǽεˡ
uһѽ˴æŽˣ
ĴˣuǱ˻Ժ
һ˸æѯʣuǵȥ뱻˴š
ƽʱһĴϣﾫµţľܣϰڷѬ㣬ӣһһﻨ㡣
ˣ
ŵʱ
ƽתȥuһɫۣؿһŻţ˿ϢҲȡ
ƽЩɣվ
˸ӣƽð֪ô빫Ӹ֪
uϸ۲ƽЦʣˣ
ƽûлشæſ˿Χ
㲻Ҫ£εˣҼңҲ֪͵ȴ˻
лӣƽûȥˡƽΡ
uʣҪȥôʧǣ
ƽ
ҶүôұǣʲôҪæĵط˵
ƽæҡͷûС
ҿС
ƽuǣƽһĹuĿһ
лңһ㡣
ƽ˵ӳġ
ӣ
ţԭҲǴ˵صˣҼԶҲ֪Զи񷼵ĵطұȥҪ黭ҪȥˣҲͬ⣬ÿմҡ
ǰЩӣҺò˳
˴ҪҷԼĻȥ˼ңŮ˶ϲңӲǺ꾫
Ͷ·Ҳ֪ȥ
uʣɽӿˣ
ƽҡͷһɬҪĸԸȥ˵׬ӣÿնңұӣǱŰһʮͷӣҺ±˳
Ҳҵߣҵҡ
uʣ⸮ȱٸ˵ˣԺӵģԸ⣿
ƽҡͷүˣݲã˶үүҪΪƽ˻˼
ǺǡŮ޲űǵ£ҿ㣬веأ
ƽͷ˵ˡ
uʣѧϰ黭ֵʲô
á
ԡ
(δ)

ڶٶʮ 

uתȥһĥī
ƽȥ˿ëһʫ
޸ݣҶģ²֮⣬ԭҹȥ
uǶ˺һᣬʸһ䣺콵Ե
ƽһ£ȥuǡ
үĪҪΪƽƽæŸ˸ӡ
uȥƽ֣ƽæŰջأ˻ȥ
uºһЦ㻹֪үĶӣҽйuǣҺ͵ֵֵܵܡ
ǰҴڴԺ£Ϊ£Ҳжˣ֪
ǣУ㿴֪û˾λݣǷɱͷ
ԸҲǿ£ǶȹѹأĶӣһϮλ
ԸͷΣԸҶȹһ٣
ƽ˼ãƽֵͷΣƽԸ£ֻүһڻơ
±á
uȥһƽƽЩţuɿ֣ʱסûµʱ˵˵Ժˣʹǣȥ߶Ѿ㡣
ҪƽҶүأƽʡ
ȥҡ
֪ˡ
ƽô˶֪uǴ˸Ů˻֮Уȥ£ү֮ЩɣҪƽ
үƽʱƽѾҵŴˡ
꣬Ǻܶ£ֻ֪Ҫˡ
ƽǴСߵģԺиСţƽСŰѺӴȥűźӾߡ
˽ϣֱ
Ϲܼҿƽ˸ӻ㱻ŵˡ
ƽֱȥԺ͵ˡ
ƽźӻƵû˵ʲôֱȥʺӣ֪껳ô
æŵͷ֪
ţˣ
Ӳţһһˡ
ƿƽˡ
ȷӵݣ˵չԺҪ֪
ǡ
ƶ£ƭģ类ץˡ
һˣűӿƣ°ƶ㵽ƽ
˵Ҫ磬Ҫ֪ԸʲôңҪʶģ
Сϵ͵ˡ
Ǹǰҵģ˶֪СӰ·⿪óһȦ
ʣֻ֪
ţ۸磬˵Ҫ֪ǻߣҶ˿û֪СӺܵ⣬û˷
룬תȥ˸Ȧ㣬Ȱߣٰ㣬翴Ȧ֪ͻˡ
С˺ܾã̧ͷƽƽͷСͰƽƽ˰ȦϣƽԺӲҪȥ
ǡ
Ƴţ粽Ժκ˲ý룬ҲҪø˵ȥӵ飬Ϲܼ֪̬أͷԸˡ
Ҳţտƽͺӡ
ƳŰȦϣȥ˴Ժ
ŰƱȥ塣
͵Ȳˣİ£ԼֲܳȥЩڰȥ¡
˹˹ȥµļһ飬ȷû£һˣ
šƵͷ
ôŻٲȥˡ
ŰƵ֣᲻÷ſ
ԥ£үûףҾˡ
һԡ
ҡͷ£±ȥͺˣ˾ͺá
ظѰͺ¡
ͷȥˣﲻסҪЦ˳ãĵҪ㻹Ц
ү㿴뿪Ȧ忴
ƵȦģ
Ǻӵġ

һ£һĨɣƵƭ
үƭ
ƭǺ.ɫɫϡ
ƣתȥ˴ϡ
ƱţɺõŹ䡣
ӻã⿪ᣣ⿪ϵĿӡ
˵Сĵĺã
ǱһЩȽϡ
ƺЦүҲ̫ڿˣӸպУ
٣ó㡣
Ҫ
Ҫʲô
帽ȥƻϣ˲.ϢһᣬҪϴ裬ҹֿʼڣڣϴ裬ƲŴ
ԺѾ˯ˣȥηࡣ
ûᣬֻſڵѯ˼䡣
סڴԺݱᡣ
Ժ˶һЩȥ׺ܶࡣ
(δ)

ڶٶʮ ƽ븮

ߵ껳ٵſͣ£ҹŵƳֹ껳پѾ֪ˡ
˶ˣΨû򣬱˲ǻԣʹ˭ҲĹ˭ˡ
껳˯ţҲ͸ġ
ƹ껳һ£ߵǰŰƵĲӿô
Ҹ˼һģһġ
˵껳ŭɶƵȻվŲ
껳ʣҵܵôˣ
ҡͷܵܺúõģʲô¶ûУֻ㣬ƭˣҪˣܵҲˡ
ҪҪܻܵţͲܵвˡ
ҲǺöǸӣǶҪ
껳תȥһеһУҪ˺ҵܵܣҲŹ㡣
Ʊ˵ʲô껳ٵӣǸͲЭ
ûжηȥˡ
ŹѾ˯ˣƾˡ
˴£۾˹ȥûɣ
ƵͷƺΪܵܣûͬ⡣
ǾɣҪǲˮһǲܵģǸûݵλģŲ飬ͻҧˡ
Ȼ֪αػҪȥ
ţһᣬֻҪһĻᣬԸ⣬ѾҲ御ˡ

ˣ·ȥϢ
˵˭Ҳƿزˣˡ
ڶһ簲Ƹ˵ˣ껳ٹһλ
վſڣӭŹһԲ
ƿүˣ
ûʲôʲôˣһҲ˴ۣһһġһ˾ûУֲɵӡ
ߵ߰ʣǴүѾʮˡ
ԣȻиͷΣԭĸǹˣ̫ߵĵó蹬Ů֪ôͻˣǴүģ̫һŭ֮¸˸֡
ǴүΪ˲ôʵûº˾ˣ̫Ҳ˵Ͼ˶ˡ
ԣϮ˾λȴʼΪڼҲǺܺá
ˡ
޳ЩԸ̨ġ
Ϊ˴۶λҲɷѿġ
ס֣ǲóѵġ
巴סƵֻ֣ǵĲǶǵأݱ΢ǴӳͿʼģӮ̸ס
Ҳ֪˵ʲôԲ˵
˳ˣҲˡ
ʣµ˳ӣ䵽߹ȥˡ
ڹ飬˵թʬˣһûģҲȥˡ
껳ٺԣǰ빬ȥˡ
˱ѹͣͷĶ
ƻЩģ˶޹ģȴ³
ȥ߹أ;棬ǲҲˡ
ԣǲ˺ܾˣͣĻ䣡
ߵǰ˶̣Ϸžơ
Ƶƣ͸ԣϣŻ
ĮԣȻֻʮ࣬ȴʮ̫Ҫϡ
Ƶԣ˫ֶ߾룬һһߺ˾ơ
ӵһˤ飺벻սսĻ³ûʲôҲǻʼѪҶҲŻʼҵѪƴǣǻţѾмˡ
İɣӲܡ
忴껳٣ҲϣŻ
껳ʣҵܵأ
ҲͶˣҲߣҲ³
תӵƿƽѾ˯ŵĹų֣껳ٶһһλ
˾룬껳ٿĹţ
忴뿪ŴŰƻȥ
һͬȥƿۺӣӲ
ȥʡ
š
صƺ͹껳ƽ˵˻ӱ㱻ˡ
Űƽ顣
ƽү
ƽƽү
š
үƽҵˣڸסիרŵãżȥ
㸮Ѿߣӡ
Űɣ£Ȼȥˡתˣիͳȥˡ
Ըܼҡ
ܼæǰ
ƷԸƽڸﰴӵĴź򣬳ƽʸ飬ܼҪ෽չˣҪȥܼҲعʣϡ
ǡ
ܼҿƽֻҪѾˡ
ƽ
ûЪţֱӳȥˡ
ܼҿˣҡҡͷȻǲͬˡ
Űƴƽȥӣ˴ʱ佻ƽͷϵס
ͷ֣һĻʶ顣
ƽҪϵģֻϧ˸Ů
(δ)

ڶٶʮ ʵ

ƽһʱдһЩҪ齻ƽȫƽ
ʱֻ࣬׬õӲУһ£дģںúãӽ㣬¾ңҲң
ƽ֪ˡ
ƽжպãƲŶ뿪
ƽͰ˰֣ӣ˱ңҿԺһЩӣɷѡã
ðѡ㣬δؿɿɫˣ滻ĺɣֻҪͬ߱ǡ
ǡ
æһҲˣȥЪˡ
ҹ⴫еүˡ
˴㴩·Ʊ壺үôˣ
ȥܿ
ˣҲЩ˯ţ·ȥԺԵ壬мſվš
̹ˡ
ƿһЩ죺ڹ
ְһȰưѻ˵꣬ԷѾֹ˰ơ
Ʋڶԣʣүʲôȥˣ
ְ
ʲô
šŻش
ǲǻвﰡ
ǡ
Ʋˣȥ߶š
ϰˣģϴιг¹嵣ˣ˵ɹ˼ɡ
ŻϻѪ
Ʊһæȥôˣ
ɫأԣˡ
ˣ
ƾ㵣ɱڣ
š
ȥ·ƸŻȥԡ۾ɢŷվһ߿
ϵðҲΪѪ͡
ôȥ¡
Ҳ׿Ƕá
ˮ￪ʼƿҪڵˮ֪˵ʲô
ʱˮŽȣƲ·ˮȥҹ塣
ӿȥֻȥµ˫ȥ۵׵ɱŰ
ɱڵĿüģǼ⣬ǡ
忴ؿǵİ˵ϵʱԣһѾɱǰ;ԣ͹껳٣ûüһһˡ
ԣͷˣ껳ٵһ첲ûˡ
̧ͷˮȴȾʹүǶԼֵܶµȥ֣ʲôģײ󻼣
ǰݣױ̫
һҹţֵܡ
Ҳǻ
תƱϵҪڰϣƲԿʯͷϿ
Ŀһ
Ǳãŵˡ
Ʊס壺үԽΣķԽҪ侲Դɽ֮ϻǵĶ֣˸취ɽΧ㣬ĴҪţҪˣǾ͵óˡ
˯ŵϻǺ£ϻֱײǾͲˡ
ϻԽǷŭԽǻۣϻˣǾҪɽΧˡ
ϻ£Сô죿
ⶨ˶Űãսֱۣˡ
үм±ү˵үڸܵУֻʵˡ
š
֪Ҫ˵ʲôӦĺƽ
żǹͣܰЩһġ
˵侲ˣƢù
˵ͷϰơ
һᰲſڹϣ˵жˡ
üͷʲô
鲻Թܶ෽ⶾҵѪҲûãûеɱĵزҶûΡ
ʲôΣ
ƽһ飬ʣôⶾ
ҲҪȣҪҳⶾķһֱɻʺ󣬵ǻʺ˳ҾͲˣʺôɵôԼȥɱң
ͻϷֿϵĶͿסˡ
̫ˡ
֪ϵ۵侲ࡣ
Ʋ屧Ʒŵʯͷϣһ㡣

ʱ¡
֣Ҳˡ
ǳسƻ·Źʥ
崩ɫӣƱҪһƱֻ
ϵ۴ʱѾĵˣԴӺѪָĺܿ죬ϵİ̺Ҳʧˣ巢漣ı仯
ڹﲢû뿪
ܲμϡ
幪ݼ
񡣡
̧ͷ˵бࡣ

칫͵棬ϵһۣɫ࣬ӣתϣսϵͷ
۵ϵӣȥһۣ壺ˣ
һ
ʣ껳٣
š
վ棬еڽ
Ůˣø
(δ)

ڶٶʮ ˭¶

ѱãô
ҹ飬绹û֪ԣѪϴͷָű
ôʡ
ɱ˷Ż±е˭ɱˣ˭е
ϵۣأ
ϵۿ壺˼޵˼
壬תˡ
ƿ磬ߵļ磬̲סү
ߵſͣ£ڹúõȣȥһˡ
˵깬ˣߵĵſڿŹߵģһȥ졣
û뿪ĵϵһֱ塣
ʱʱȥ˳ϵۺͶ
δÿ壬ա
ˡʱԷˣ칫밲ȥԷƻͷѾ׼ˣϵۺͶѾˡ
ѵúͻͬԷĳЩ˵ңƿȴ̻ܡ
Ҫɫ͸ûһǳԲ
صǱ˸¿ʼԷ
ϵʣ˲Ͽڣ
˵á
ĶҪĺúܾܶ࣬üá˵
ƿȥǶЩ
һЩƣЩɡ
Ƶлſڣʲôˡ
ûˡ
ƼԷſڴ칫ĹѼɤϡ鵽ԣŲҰ֣Ѿνʾ׼նˡ
ʲôˣϵʵĿȻ
ǴĶӣu
Цһ£һϵۡ
ϵ˵ȥҪʡ
ǡ
۰ˡ
ƿǲ̬ȣһһ߿ʱ׹
ȥˣȥܡ
Ȼûжù˵ǴүүԼү
ϵԸţ۰ƣȥ档
Ƹ˸ȥ档
ϵ̨ףƻƵϣ΢΢ĵſڣ
ĵŴ򿪣ſڿٽżˣŻʼݵĺ۽壬̿첽ǰ¡
ϣ֪ˣˬuɣٺڷͰ׷ˣϰүݺᡣ
үүҲ飬ϵۿ·ˣѾҪȥˣһļ
ϣл¡
үڵϡ
ϵվһӸߴ̨ס
޵ǻ̩񰲣ǿҴӢս֮˱ȱȽǣʹλ˲ʢ
뵽
Ҵɱ
ʹļס
ҹʥʵδ£ҡ
ûиֵܷ֣ôн֮١
ԣ֮£Ѿһ棬ǲ˼ջڸģ⡣
޲ȴͲסӡ
ٳ޵˼޶ûãУ㣬͵мա
ȴ벻ۣݲ
ϵҧҧŭѾݡ
ںţ
үŵֱ¡
ϵת˼Ȼתŵү˵޵ĽɽĽɽݲޡ
޸ٻȴҪ޵Ľɽ
Ӧʣ
ϣңҰ
ϵ۾ָȻ˭޴֪ܸĪɣѾĻᣬξԼɡ
ˣȥ޲֪
˵ϵ۱˰֣үæл˳ȥ
˰ƴϵѾ
Խÿ£⹬һһϷᡣ
ˣ޿ɡϵ۰ָƣǰϵۼ顣
ϵۿŰƵ񣬲Ծ˵޺ٺһƵѪһΡ
̧ͷּ
鸡꣬⼸û̫ע⣬ϵ۵Ķˡ
ǻʺڣֻĸˣϵۣ칫¶˭
Թģжû¡
תӷһѪ
˵һ룬ʵֻС룬̫లҲˡ
ϵۣϵ۲ûԥ˱뽻˰ơ
Ҫ뿪ϵʣܸ޿ô
ɣת⿪˿ڣѾϣʣһɫĺۼ
ϵ棬޺Ľ
Ƹ˸ӣһ취Ͻⶾ
ˣҪȥʺӦúܿɡ
˵ϵƿˣϵڵϹ۲죬˭أ
һֱȣȵҹڿ˻
˰ݼ壺ūż
ûлأ߽ˣĳǹ塣
ƿţվſڣһɫӣſķţϵѪȳƵıǻ
(δ)

ڶٶʮ Ѫ

¹⿴ϲûж԰ף෴Щ죬ߵ̫ˣԲŻ
ҲЩģ̲ס鹬塣
ϵѪ䵽ϣǿסģʣˣ
岻˵쳣Įӡ
ش𰡣
廹ǲ˵̶¿壬˫æ壬˫һ·ϡ
ڵĹŮ̫ԭȻվŵģʱȫ˵ϡ
ǲ˵ʣȥնģôŪȫѪģ
ȥնû˲ģٷᵹ˵ˣƱﲻסޡ
һ뵽ϵ죬δƾͱ
ôµ˵һЩֲɵӣ
ƴӵֱۣȷû⣬֣ûˣ
̣Ŀ£·硣
ƿЦôãˣִ̧һ£Ϊžһ
嵹ûʲôס§ڻǵϹŵˡ
ĵӿ󣬸Һ֡
洫ԣΪ˼޽һֱ޷졣
ˣˣûء
һû°ƲЦ
ˣ˵ҡͷԺҪǻҾͻؽȥ
أűǣϲôƣתŹߡ
֮׷׹¡
ƿЩˣЩˣǲ̫ſˡ
뿪ϵվ̨˼
칫СĿһϵۣϣôˡ
ȻأѵΪôϵת뿪̨һ̨ס
칫æϣѯϵۣϣҪȥʺô
ȥˣ޽ҹ鲻ãȥˮɡ
칫һ£뵽ǰЩϵˮ˻
칫æ˵ūȥ
ˣôȥɡϵۺҸ˵˵ˡ
Щ⣬ϵ˵ˣ׼
檲μϡ
æŹ£ϵ˵ɡ
Щ֣л˶
ˣʡ
ϵ֣ӲΪβ޿Ǵ˹£
һ£ȹھҪ¡
ϵעžһӰӣô
Źڵϵľϵʣӿûˣ
ػϣѾûˡ
ϴϵźϵϴӣϵ۲ûʲô뷨Ӵⲻ˼֮ס
ֵ˵ӻЩȣϵҲû˵ʲô
ϵôֱӣͲڷˡ
ЩˣɡлæŷԸȥ׼ţϵ۽š
ϵʣɳô
һЩǾöʱҲҪһ㣬ԻϲҲҪԵġ
ʲôأ
ӲҼ壬Щ嵭Ķϡʲôô
ɰɣ޲ǺԶЩˣһЪŰɡ
ǡ
칫ſڣЩ硣
ʺûȴˮ
ùţȥ˴̣˯ǰȥԡ
ϵڴϵһᣬмûϴӣȥԡӣſƿ˽ȥ
ûϴãŲվתϵһ£ʧ
̵˵ͷϣ檻ûϴá
ϵ۽ȥߵǰ̧°ͣḧޣ
ԡ
ϵЦˣײ
ɿϵ˵޻ûϴһϴɡ
ǡ
Ӵˮϵ۽⿪·һ
칫ӺСĿһۣΣ˳ȥ
˽ϧùüææĸϵʥ£ˡ
Ƴµľͣ£ɢһء
ʲô£Ƴŵϵǿ򶨡
Ϸ˿첻ˡ
Ƴһϣ̧ͷɫ԰ף˻˹ȥ
ˮ
칫յϢæȥϵۡ
ϡ
칫æŹ򵽵ϡ
ϵ۸ո˯£Ӧš
칫ЩΪѣⶼˣڵʱ
Ҳˣô˵ĺˡ
ϵʵû뵽ƵһѪʮꡣ
ϣة˿첻ˡ
ϵۺȻ۾Ҳæϵ۵·
ϵ۵ǶԾһ
ϵ۴·˸ӣ檹ͻϡ
ϵߵſڣ뵽ʲôתúõӣȱʲôʲô񸮣ԻȣǸ׼Щ嵭ġ
лϡ
˸ӣϵ۲ת뿪
(δ)

ڶٶʮ סƲ

ϵˣһ
ؽæŴһԳϡ
ӣؽЩǡ
Ϣɡ
ʲôҲȥ롣
תңŵһЩһһպðѱŪ.ȥš
ؽѴ᣷£۾뿪
ϵ۸ϵǹʺոѣһϵ۱
ϵ̲ȥͻʺҪȥةฮ̽
ϧùУȥةฮš
Ƴϵһ
һ˯Ѿ˵ةฮ飬˵ģ˵ġ
û»˶˾
֪ûȥŶסի
Ʋ֪˵իѾƽ˸֪£իҺԺˣס˷
ǶŮƿ
ܲýȥסƫ
緹˺Ͱ˵ةฮˣ쾩Ƕ˵ةҪˡ
绹˵϶ӹгˣΪȥةһ档
𣬻ϱȻʺ󻹿ʺǰ·ȥĹ绹еģϴСڹǿ
˳һƬ⣬˵㡣
šƲӦ
ǲǮˣɫˡʶϣԲꡣ
˵ǰɡ
ϹܼΣĲԳԺȺȣôģǰӣѲƲչ˶תˣƲܲˣôġ
˳ԹիƻͷһۣЩ֪롣
үⱲӶƲˣƴӷ뿪ѵУҪĶ顣
ҲƲߣȥҲ̫ƽ
ƲȻı˱ƣֻǻȥҲûкӡ
˵ԶǺģֻϧˣ˲磬ҪԴġ
ƲϧֻҪϧʱҲˡ
˼ҵƾͱˣҲȱһʳƲ뿪ɡ
š
˳ţԵ龩˾֪˭Ҳʱܳϲء
ƴӽйȥӿƽÿ춼æµհ˵ģӶ̶̼죬Ѿ˲ٿˣȻû׬ܶǮÿյĽҲס
ƽƽ㿴ˣ̳ӭӰƣӣү
šԺã֪ŮȽϱ뺷黨ǲݲģᱻ˸ġ
ֻҪһ뵽˸̫࣬Ͱ㲻ſ˲
й䣬Ǻϲ̵ĸ֡
ƽ밲ȥ£һ̫ʦΣո£񻨾ɣǰһӣϷ̣˱īֽ⣬ԼһƱһӡ
£ƽԳһ衣
ĸδǰţ̧ʣǰ
ƵȹֻǰûʱҲȹ裬ϲ
еȼֵĺϸ
ƵǷֵĺ塣
ƽ˵ԹӶ࣬ʡǮ
ƶţǮǮӲܶҺܸˡ
ǡ
ĿϻۣŮ˵ĶԻתһˡ
ƽıӶãĶܾ࣬£ͷϵһΣûмҲ²
һͷҲҪǧ
һǧôôӳ
ƺƽ˵˻׼뿪ƽ̽סƣӡ
ת˵
⼸׬ӣ㹻õģӴȥɡ
ƽһľ䣬涼Ʊƿһ˵ʱҪɷſȥ⼸첻źͲ㣬˺ð¡
ǮֻϣԽԽԽԽࡣ
ڽҳ£ӲжټҶУû£ӻҵġ
ӷģۺʱƽӵһֻ֣ӵһоƽһУܰңƽû
°ɣˡ׼뿪ƽһΡ
ӣζһΣϵȵһ֧¡
˿ȷʵܾ¡
ûҪƽ˷ϣƽƣ˵űҴãǲղؼңղؽҲûãƱ㣬ϲţҪϲ˭ϲֻҪۣø
ǡ
ƽ˵֧͵ģŰɡ
ƽллӡ
ƽˣת뿪
(δ)

ڶٶʮ ةฮ

ڰ̾ϢǸأǸõأ
ʲôĵģƲΪȻ
Ҫ÷Ҫ꣬Ҳôãôģġ
ƺЦҪǲˣңǲǾͲõˡ
Ųݡ
үʲôĵģ෴أҪûңǶȢ˲ҡڣӲŲء
ȢƵĹˣ
ү԰ɣȢ˲ûĿ壬ôô
ãæ˵ϡϡơ
ߣҿĲ˼Ȣ
ŲҪԡ
סƵ֣ҿơ
ֺİһ۹壬ĸš
ǰǰ׵Լп
ˣûɥŶԡ
ͣ¿档
Ҳͣˡ
үɱ˵ʱûԥһˡ
ûУ뵽ԣͲɱԣǣԣһңĲǡ
ƿˣߡ
ƿ˴ƲʣүǴ£
ҡͷǣǲˣıȻܡ
үʱûЩǸʹҲûʲôҰģԲǴ
ԣҰģȻҰĵģҰĲڳֻ͢Ǹʲôˣı߶ѡ
£ǱȻҪ˶µģһʯ񣬰Ӿˣѱˡ
û뵽ᷴǡ
ùһֱ۱´ùĲˣûͣ¼ŭ˴ùãǱȻġ
ùò飬Ҫһı
ֻ˳ϡ
һ껳ȻУֻԣ¡
ǻôˣ
ҡͷô׾ͲˣûǾıˣӶҪˣǻûǲˡ
Ҳã̲סʣү˭ӣ
ô֪˭񡣡ûģƾͲ˵ˡ
ʲôп˭
ɲ˵Ļ
˵Ҳֻǲϰˡ
˸Ȧǵةฮǰ
ʣҪȥ
ǰͣŹſվ˺ܶ־һϵۺͻʺ档
ǻһˡ
Ͳȥˡ
Ű뿪˻
ڸѾ˶ʱˡ
ƽŰ㼱æ˳
ʲôʱ˻йܳȥй䣬һˣŻܵȥˣ
һͿʼ䣬һ⣬û˭ɣ
Һƣʵ
ҰƵ£ة˲أȥˣһֱѪȻ޲ߣɵ룬Ҫҽȥ
ɣ
ƻû˵ЩʲôȻܾˡ
ƺͰ⣬ŮԼͬĿ壬˵Ƿ죬ᴫȾģȾ˷ûܻҴȾȥ
һã죬ܲȥǴ򣬲¡
ˣȻȻһЩ⣬Ȼȥ
˵˵ֹ
ȥةฮȥҩ䣬˵ԽԽˣ˵Ķԣ죬ôܲȥ
ơ岻׼
Ʋˣһۣȥȥɡ
뿪ûĿ۹塣
˹˵ȥ
үܵңƺ
ɫѿˣ
û
ϹܼҲ¶棬ڰš
ĵǹܲˡ
תȥҲ˻ȥ
Űȥ׼ȥڻźӣôȥֵط
ʰҩ䣬עҩźãתҩŵѵүȥةฮԥ

û˵˵ˡ
ʣү㲻ȥԼȥˣ
Ҫߣסƣаô
ûУүʲôʱ򿴵˵󻰣϶ܰ˾Ȼˣǲܵġ
üͷ˶Ԥô
үͽӴģʱڳЩ񣬾ҾεģʱûбȾھܱȾˣ
·ƹȥںţ׻ǵĵġ
·޻ȥةฮ
һҩ䣬һָƣְ˴ϱ
ȵƵ˫ŰأŰ˷ſ
(δ)

ڶٶʮ ة

תŰȥةฮƽɫ԰׵վſڵǣһֱڿ޵ƶ
ƺ͹壬ƶæǰˣү
üͷ˶ʲôʱˣлġ
۾ôģˣû
ûƶȥƽܣةôˣ
ѪʲôûС
뵽ضѪƽ˶Ҫˡ
ѪͻоȣΪ֢Ǿ鷳ˣ˵޷ıľϣǿԵġ
ƽÿȥ
˵·
ƽתߣš
ةฮԺةס˽ȥƳة˴ǰᣬ޵Ѿˡ
ةҲ
ﻹиˣͲСˣ֮ˡ
ŶԷ̳Ź˵ְ
񡣡
忴Ƴɩ
Ƴ˲᣺ɡ
ƻа취ƿ˵ʱƳơ
Ŀԣ
Ƴ˵ڲǰﱣأҿСӡ
ԣȥةˡ
Ƴվһ߽Ųѡ
ɨ裬һᰲ˵쵹ǣˣ
һƵĻƳס
ةæǰˣ
û˵ֿһᡣ
⿪ة˵ѣַة˵ǰʼ顣
˭ƿתǰˡ
ةԥһ£Ϸ򡣡
ة࣬˲Ƿ죬ȻѪǼģ˲֢Ҳ࣬ǵѪ
ʲôǵةһãȻƲòһ
ǵңһ٣Ÿ࣬ǳ˵εգϢϢء
ᣬͻøһƣһȻûˣȴڸ첻ɢҲķڵ֭ô˵Ҳһ취ҰѵгǡһգҲòˣ
ǿʱ䲻ˣôĳѪһ죬˾ͻ뿪

һʱ˶Ĭˡ

ƽܺȻ˵ƿȥƽ˵ʼɡ
ôҪĸף㲻Ҫ꾫ˡƶһ˻
һӵ˰Σ֪˵Щʲô
ıƺģ
ƶ֣ɫһǺ⣬ǿѡҲԸƳе˵
ةѾ֮ʣûܻɣһȡ
ƣߡ
Űƴ뿪ƽһסƣ˵ʵмְգ
ûаգҿԣⲡˣ˵״̬ѪѾѾ첻ˡ
ʮַ鷳ָ
Ҫҩ;һֹͣ˾ͻû
˵ĸ׻ѣƽܷӦ죬Ŀ䡣
š
ƽŰȥǰѣһке
ôƶŭ
ƽĪаָƶҾ㣡
ƶŵò˵ҪְңүҪҽ
š
ȥȥƷԸƽ׼ǫ̃ӡ
ƶ̧־ȥƣ׼֣ƶͱǳסˣСȥҲ첻֡
ƶסĿ˵Ĺ壬ߵߣûˣ
ҡͷû£үˣŰɡ
ȥһ£һĿƶϣȻûжϬȴƶ̲ס¡
˵Сȥ
ƶվһᣬƴ˳ȥ
ƽܿʼæµ̨ܿӰհ˵ĴˣĸҽҲѾˡ
˰ة̧̨ϣ׼㹻ҩκͶһʱעʲôȫǱǰҪá
ȸة˴룬ʱѾûˣư£һۣһЩ
ĵӣƿ壺үĵ
ɫʮֲԸ˵û
Ŀȣֻ˳ԹԸ͵
ƺȻʶʲôѵĵԤʾҪõġ
Ӱƿ˿˿󣬴ҩƿةˣü˵ô
ةգգ۾ظûͿ°Ѿû֪Ҵҩ㣬ܿ첱ҲиоҪŮĺҪĸչˣ㻹һһŮҪչˣǧҪù
ة벻ƻ˵ֻ
۾ˡ
(δ)

ڶʮ ֮

ƿʼҽоˣƸֱڻ¡
ƺܿг˵ңֽ˷ϡ
ʱ˻βԵվߵţ΢̱ס
ˣ˱һߡ
ƲԳӲ
ҽһ¡
ҽֽ̨ܿ
Ъһة˻ҩ
ʱûʲôˣתƵȥ¿ţﲻ˭Ҫ˭Ҫ
˶ϣƳҲȥ档
ʣƽܺ͹壬λҽæտȥҽİȥʣµĿش
ةˡ
۾죺ϡ
ĸסƽܿةˣȥˡ
ĸӯһ
үˣȥϢ·Σ˫Ȳʹĺ£ֲļȡ
Ͼһ
ߵߣ˱𣬳ҵȥϢ
ϵǡɴô¡
ϧùæŰ龭˵һ飬ϵ۲֪ة顣
ƳԺЩϵȥת˲᣺ϡ
ȻѾоΣ˵£Ҫѹˣϵ۰ѻʺ
ƳͷŲˡ
˯һ죬ҹѹ
ȥةˡ
ةѾˣ۵ֱޡ
Ƹһ룬˯š
ة˵ĸмϷǷһ
ǺģֻҪ±Ǿͳɡ岢飬ةҲˡ
ֻΪʺةฮ»ʺ£ĵƳĺӡ
ƵΪȻȥةˣһֱ
ة˰ٰмһߣة˱ȥƳ
ƳſڵˣſĸˣҲ̲ס
ĸסƳߵǰȥةˡ
㣬Ҫˡةǿ˵Ů㲵ӣܲġ
˿ˣةʾ˶ȥ
ŮļةֻϣƳƽƽѺ
˶뿪Ƴ˲᣺ŮãĸΪŮ
ةҡͷĸ֪Ҳίĸֻϣֵַܱˡ
ȥĹȥɣ»ϵĺӣҪõźϡ
ƳͷǴӦˡ
ة˻۾Ϣȥˡ
Ƴ뿪ϵۻȥˡ
Ϊʺ󣬼Ҳ̫á
Ƴϵۻعƾ￴ţûȥ˯ˡ
Ƴ뿪ƻǾãľǵ
ҵϳԽһУǶమһŮˣĸŮҪ뿪
ƵϵˣŴӷȥةˣة˿Ƶһлл
úۣ׼ҩ㣬ҩĻָҲõ̫ࡣйµĽͣة˿
ةôҲ벻ףΪʲôҪ
Ӱ첻Ҷ԰ƵĿġ
οЩ飬Ӧ֪ǻʺΪġ
̵飬в壿ة̲סʡ
Ƹة˼˲̧ͷ鱾ǿ϶ˣǽͲ֪ˡ
м֪
˵
涼˵ǻʺΪΪأ
ˣûΪĵģҵǿԶ˵䡣
ϰʺ˶ģȻҲ󹬿裬ҹŻʺ̽ˡ
ǰҵģΪʲôΪʺҲΪҰɡ
Ϊ͢ΪĹףԻġ
˲ãϺٽʹ󽫾ô
ƻˣϣة˵ɡ
ة˳ĿŰƣȻŮΪʲôҪôˡ
뿪ة˵ǲû٣ࡣ
һ˼ͨ͸ˣĳô죿
֮ةฮס죬ة˻ָ˲Ҳ㰲ݡ
ȥة˼飬ȷûҩ뿪
Ű뿪ıӰةתŵةˡ
ˣҲãةҹة˵ġ
ة˵ͷүûк˵仰ȫĵǣˣΪʲôô
ةû˵ҪԸҲǲס
ƴةฮ׼ϳƽܽ
꣬ʲôʲô
תƿʵٽ£
ϵۻûϳɱ˰ϢȴƵġ
ү
ưָ壬סƵ֣Щ
(δ)

ڶʮһ ҹ

ϣתƽܣĮɼưסŵҪ

ƽ˵ĸÿҪһΣǻÿ
ƽȻĿˣȴǸТӡ
Ҳû뵽ƽΪ¡
ģҼȻѾӦҪةˣȻᵡҶÿةฮة˵壬ϣŻû¡
лˡƽܹ
ƻЩΪѣٽϴβ˵ٽٽûкҼƽϣֻһΪӦ飬Ҿˡ
һƳʹ
ٽǷҪȥˡæŰѹȥ棬һۣȥˡ
ƽܿԶתةฮ
ﰲƿɾ͵ùˣɫࡣ
ߣ岻˵ǱŰơ
Ҳܶ΢һ£ͰѰưȥҧһ²ӡ
֪еĵطǲӣŵһֱ
ǿҪŰˡ
ֱԺ
صӰһΣʣүǺ⣿
彫Źϣ⿪ӵһߣֽ̧⿪ڡ
Σ㷢ʲô裿
һ·룬ƽǲǶ̫ˣҲˣз쬵˵ϵ·⿪ӵһߡ
ƿ۵ϵ·ү·Ūˡ
⡣ģһ·һߵƵǰ
޲һҧơ
үҪҪµĴ֣֮ĿͨͨҪˡ
˸ʲôôף
Ҳʲô˵£Ÿ̳˼ô
ֻҪֵģҪѼҹ˵˵˵Ű쵽Ƶϣ˰Ĵӣҧס촽һƬңȥǿЦġ
ү
Ƹտڣͱסˡ
Ƶ۾ס䡣
һʼƻЩģϾǴģһҲͷˡ
󣬳˱˲ܳʲô棬Ҳö࿴һۡ
Ʊǵ߻أſڹϺִ
ҲϹӣôܣƲ档
岻ãѰƵס죿
ֱۣүҪԼҲԣһ£㿴ΣҪ㲻ҲҪܲԼҲҪҡ
áɿתȥұī
˵ˣưɡ
ת̧ƣôô˵
үǱϣΪҺãүպҪȢ˭ҵСɱҡ
ɫһᡣ
ƲŲܣֳ´һơ
žһһ
ܾǰʯͷԼĽš
үɱˣү壬ǽ˵ĻԸ׹¶
㡭
ˡ
һͣⲻҪ˵Ļô˵ġ
죬һ£
̧󲻽⣺үոұ˵㱳壬˵㣬Ҿ뿪㣬ңҵǱ˵ģ˵ôµԡ
ô᣿ƭ
ԽƱס壬֪Ϊʲô﷢š
үĳΪةҪǰѵ˵Ļ
˵ƿƣǰ׵ģֱ˻ȥ
ԺҲˡЩġ
뿪һЩүԼʲô
ȻѾǾͶ˵˰ɣպŴ̳Ӳš
˵Ѿˣ˵Ҳա
ү˵ɣպҳȥˣҲðүĹذ¡
ҪбٿˣϻЩɫġɫʵ벻òˡ
òˣ˵ǵòΪ
ԾһˣҪ͹ˣҪò
Ů˷յӣǺŮûʲôòȡ˵ˡ
⣬ȴ̲ס⡣
Ըⱻ˱ȥ
ƽܣҲĿ˵ģƽܵȷʵܺӡ
ÿǣֻǲȥһˣûò飬ǵ̲ͬ鲻ͬһүҲ֪ġ
ҿԴӦүֻҪүңұ㲻Գүκһ˶˼
ȻԺҵҲǸңΪŮߣҪһգҼȻѾ޸үȻĲ죬Һү໥ϲġ
ȻϲͲϲˡ
ҴӦүүֻҪңҾͲϲˡ
˵ᱳơ
(δ)

ڶʮ 

ǵһͨˣ˲ϲˣүĵڶأ
һ£û뵽Ҫ˵ڶҲûڶκ£֪ƾҪ˵
ţҲԡƴӦˣʣǵأ
ԥˣܷκ¶ܲ𡣡
ƺЦһΪү˵뿪ء
ᡣЩܻ
ãǵܹ̫࣬ò
ƵͷҴӦүˡ
š
ȥܼ֣סүĹˣء
岻ͷȫӦǡ
ǲɣҪ˵˲СƿûôͿŪȥ
û취ܣ˵˵ɣֻ
ЦЦһȢ
Ȣ
ڶȢ
һ£Ŀⶨ˶
Ȣ
ƵҪ˵꣬˵Ӧ
̾˿ѵǴ˵еĲ˲Ͳ˼
ƵȫӦӦƣȢκˡ
үͲҪǡ
屧סƣǵġ
š
һᰲƸоЩˣ뿪˵үȥϴɡ
š
ȥǳأȥ·ȥҰơ
ſߵʣʲôµĴ֣֮
ƺЦүǲ벻Щ
ѵƲ룿
Ҳġ
ưѽȥ.
̣Ŀ紺Զȥ
˴ǳسҲˣûȥڼϢ
Ʋűѡ
棺үˡ
Ʊȥ뵽Ե޹ʶȻʲô飬ȥ
ʱիſڣȥ
Ժ飬Ů˸ϲЩ
վһţһ۶Ѷ
ûѣֻ֪顣
ʲô˵Ҫųˣȥ˵òã
ԭƽһĨ䣡
ȲشҺǰļƵˣҪңҲᱻǣҲ֪ʲôˡ
תȥѾͷôҲ˵
˵Ӳ.ˡ
վſڿˣɫĺ
˰ϣ˸ӣү
ûòԾɫΪʲôô䣿
Ҫ׶治ţǹֱ ˲⣬ͷ۶
ĸʲôƵģӵ˶Ҫ
뵽϶ǶĲöˣû̫͡
ûиӵӣ±ߵҲͲ±˵ˡ
ıӵ棬һѽס
ʣүôʱˣ
ʲô̬ȣ
û˵˱ûģתȥŭվס
תʣô
ҡͷû¡
ҪΣȻûŰɡ˿Ժֱȥ档
֣תȥôȥˣ
űģ˵쿤ȥ͸ƻ
ƴǰһᣬûȵʹ壺Ʋô
ǰɡɲôΪ
οҪѲӻȥҪŶԡ
Էô
ϹܼѾѷ׼ˣֻŰȥԷˡ
԰ɣȥʶһɡƿ۹ȥ˷
ϹܼҲȥŸһ
˱һԷҪһû¾͸˹
һϣ췹˱컹Ҫʢ
ȻЩڴĿȾһ㻶ϲ
üͷҲֻʱŻúдƽʱԵıȻá
£׼Էˡ
Ҳ£Ʋ£˷ֱڹ͹ߡ
гԷƿһۣ˿ǣ͸ûƵģһضûС
˶С룬۰ǰĶ⣬ԾеԶ巢Ĳ˺ãֱۻе̣ȥܹǲãԥһ»ȥ
ķ߿ⶼҪɫ
һ鶫ƣЩ
͸յĺˮһ㣬̲ðź
ԽԽǾ֣òרҲģ
ҴطˣҪҷ͸ҷŹ
Ƽ˿鶫ͽúóԣǾͰѶӸ˶˹ȥ֪ԡ
ǰΪ񸣵ԵĲ࣬ʳǺһЩ˹ȥ
˵Լ
㳢ͦóԵġƳƼڶȴǳʣ²Ÿ˵ġ
(δ)

ڶʮ ·

Ҳٿ˲٣Աˡ
ҲԵĲˣȥй䡣
˲˵һ飬ѾȢ˲ҿҲɫɣ
ſӵֶһ£ŵ˷
ǻ
ö˶˵ô˵ˣ⣬岻©ۼ
ҿǷҲôˣûеϢðĿ˵ӡ
˵¾ͲͷˣЩҪƻûϢȥɫ
ţҲãҪɫǿ԰㣬Ҫǰﲻ㣬ĸҲһ԰㡣·ӸˣҪ尲Ÿɡ
嵹Ҳû˵ʲô˷ѹ߱ſվţɫ¶á
ƴǱ߻֪ҪŶȥκǶҪȥ
үȥҹ壬סƵһ¡
ĴˣҲûȥ
˻ȥư˵˵ˣ˵ǾͲˣƲƢһȥ˵ġ
ô˵ֹģ
ǰɡ嵭һ˿
үôˣ
ûôʱˣȥϢ.ҪȥˣȻǲϲġ
û˵Ҳٹʡ
صϢһһȥةฮ糯¡
Ƽة˵壺ûʲôˣֻҪͲ¡
Ƹة˴˵ΣΪ豸ªƲ뿪ңš
ƽҡ
ةһϢҲ˯ˡ
ˡƽ˵
ƶҪ˯ˣգգۣ۾ƽܡ
ٽˡ
ôһҽģƽܾǲţ˲ǰˡ
ʦ̵ġ
ʶܶˣû˵ᣬֻзκ
ˣʲô˼
ʲôзκ
Ҳܵ˵
ة˵ľˣӵľô˵
ٽܻῪЦƲ˵
ǰѾԻġƽѣϸ۲찲Ƶ
ҲǵˡǲжЩ
ԭԭ
ƽЩʧһȥſڣȥ͸͸
ƿƶæź
ôƽԲˡ
ƶϽͣĸףͳˡ
͵ذɣƽҪ˵ĳ嶯ƶ˹ȥ
ƶȻƽһĸȴƽܹϵǢҲƽܡ
ܣƽܲƣʲôˣ
ʲôûƶŵöˡ
ƽܴŽ˳
Ҫɱңƶŵõɴ۾Ѿ쵽ǰĽ
ʲô˵ȥ³ƽܻӽȥƶŵüС
ĺˣȥ
ƶķ˿Ϸţŵȫƽܰѽƿˡ
ƶŵûˮ
վſڣպŶԷ
ƶıƣҲŹ㡣
˵ƶתˡ
ƿƶܿıӰ֮УֻǴβˣ˭˭ˣ
ةฮ뿪׼߻ȥŰƻȥ䣬û뵽ƶľ޿ˡ
ǰƺ꣬·ꡣ
ƣƶѰƷû˵ʱôаƵġ
Ҳ꣬㣬ƶǲԶˡ
С㡣ƻľ޿Ҳк
˵ٽйһΣ֪ǲ֪ľ޿ȻûҪѰô߰ƣ˹ȥгޣ϶
ƿƶȻ޸ǰйЩʲô˭ûйȥ⣬ңұ㲻֪ˡ
˵갲ƿ˹ȥƶľ޿תȥƣƶҾͿӡ
Ǽʣǿôľ޿ִƶסתˡ
ƶȥЦʲô˲
һûҪ
ƶڵĻةฮžԽԽͷˡ
ƣҲŹ㡣
һΰ¹ȥƽʥϵ⼸ٹ⻻ɫ֮ǰҪ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳˣϵȷʵͬˡ
ĵϵ˵ȥ̫밲ȥΪ
뿪ǰΪϵЩ⣬ûмأȻҲûá
֪ѪĹϵ
ΪʲôǸ¶ʱʱ£
ϵ۽֧壬ͰദƷſϵ۵֣æ
ϣûмأ֣
ϵ۵ͷȷʵ֣Ҳˡ
ԥһ£ϣȸˣ黹Ҫо
ϵۿ˻ᰲƣ뿪
(δ)

ڶʮ ƭ

ƴӹߣ޶Ĭ
칫һ߲ĸţۿҪˣ칫˵ūϴҪǵã
ǵãٸȥ칫æŰֽƣƿ˵˼䣬Ź뿪ˡ
뿪ʹƱó칫ֽ򿪿
꽻壬忴һ᣺ûκη֣
šҲˣʲô¶
үǰһֱǻʺ󣬵мº֣үȥնʱҺͻϣ칫ĸĵ죬ֻĸˣʳҶԹûж
үǰҸϿĶˡ
˵£忴ȥĿأѵ˵칫µģ
ס칫
ת칫Ҫݺ칫
ү㲻ҺͶ֡
ᣬ㲻ᡣ
֮ǻϻ᣿
Ҫǲ鲻κ¶Ҳ˵׼ܲϲµġ˵İƲЦ
صƴȥӦȥն깤
Ʊȥ˺
תˣһʹˣʮ꣬ܵ˸ǰ͹ˡ
ȰƷӦԷڵϿ
ǻȾǼӰɡ˿޵ƿ۰
ʲôˣʶԷ
ǳҵ£ҼǾ̵ˣԭãԴǷ˲źÿѻ˶ҩԵڣĴ˵ֻܾСжʱˣܼҸСˣˣ֪ʲôʱСֻҪܰҼ˾ȻСԸΪţ
ҵҩ
ǡ
ƷԸתȥ׼ƽԷһֱޡ
ˣȥˡ
ƵˣԷڰߣ˳ˡ
뿪ʮƸоһͣˡ
Ϣʣ
ûлӦƿӿۣûˣˣҲˡ
ûʲôׯƴΧ˿
ס۲Χ
Χĺܣʣ
ûлӦǱ˳ߣƿ˵ʱѾǰ߸ˣؤʲôˣãǺˡ
ʣʲôˣ
Ǻǡ˵иСˣǡ
һ˺ٺٵķЦƴˣ˭ģ㲻֪ҵô
֪β֪ΣǶǽֱߵؤĳԲůҪ˴ˡ
ЩˣЩ˶׼ˡ
ɱңǾ͵
ҲˣСˣŶˬ
ڣ˿ΧҪҵļ󣬵ǰȥˡ
߸˺ܿ쿿Ʋǣ߸ؤи
ƿ˹ץסһ˵һӵϣȥԷҽһ
ץסƼһ˺·ɫһת˶Էһȭ̽Է۾ԷҽŶ㿪
ʣµһ鷳һȥеıסƵȣе§סƵƶˣ˻ΣǶˡ
һһѰƵ·˺һ·ˡ
ƾ㵣ָ̧˶Էһƣһ߷һȥš϶ԷͷһЩ˿ٵ˸ǰȰƿϵһжûлᡣ
ƺ˿һǰˣǲǼ
ƺǣߵһ
ư·£Ŷӿϣˣȥҡ
뿪ȥңæһҩ
Ž׽ϣ
ȥ֪ͨү˵ҲáƸоӺۣѾҪ̲סˡ
Ͻȥ֪ͨѰƱ
£ɫЩס
³ָһؤʣ˭ģ
ؤ˵һֱҡͷһȥؤһ䡣
ؤѪĶҽС
ʣ˭ģ
ؤ߶£һ˹ӶģһŮˡŮ˵
ʲôŮˣ
Ůˣһǳɫġѡ
һŶ֣ؤһ£
˵ľ㡣
ؤڵϴΧΧ
ؤ޿ֻǸͷŮˡ
ת˵֪˭ƶ
̴ƻȥӵϢصڴ
ܸҽæ洦̥Ƴһѡ
ܸҽͨһˡ
үְְܣӡ
(δ)

ڶʮ ľ

һ߿ܸҽߵסƱ֣ƣˣ
ûУүáǿЦ£ү
ء
ۣ
˫۲Ѫ˿֪
ɫѩףˣ
ڡſڹ¡
Ѿؤץ£һ
ס壺үˣҪ˯㲻ɱˣҪҡ
忴ſڣȥ
ƿܸҽܸҽ㲻Ҫģȥɡ
ܸҽҶ˵ȥɡ
ܸҽ˲ųš
Źϰ촽ˣүе䣬ҡ
.Űƣ忴Ѫ͸һ
ơ˫ֱŰƣѱӸϡ
һүƶ
ֱսһ
ԽԽû
忴ſڣŰƣֱûӦ
̽һ°ƵĺȻ΢뻹С
ַſһֱŰơ
⣬ӿʼĽȴůǾһƽ٣һ
˯ʱѹѪȲӣŹķŭҲڡ
ƶһ£ȥ
۾ƿ˿棬ȥӣûˣ
Ƶס
Щ˻ƣɵˣǻᣬС
ת˵Ĺ壬̲סƲƲ죬ûϢĵᡣ
˵ǾͲˡ
ӣ§ס壺ү
͸һۣŰɨɨĺģӦƣӺˣһһӡ
š鲻á
Сôãû뵽Ӿôûˡ
һᣬӴƳţﲻͰƵķ䣬żͽˡ
Ʊȥȹ϶Ѫ
ԺһȺ˱ŵ׹Сˡ
Ȼˡ
ţȫѪ˱˻ȥ
ŹѰƵ·ȥʯԡ
ƿ˵Ҳ
˲ˣ
šƲ
ϴϴűŰƳš
ůͣȴȵĺܣ˵·ǹҲ䡣
ţӸǺá
£ﲻ
ҡͷڶ
ܸҽСӸҪ˵ãպ
š
ʲôӦܳ
ܳ׼ˣҩȥ¡
ưָȥ
Ȼһ¡
ʣôˣ
ҽŹ壺үְҪ
ûлӦܸҽǰϸһܸҽǲҿ϶
үְҿ϶֪ܲԲ飿ܸҽ¹ش
岻⣺ô£
ʣܸҽлֱ˵
ְӻڡ
ס˵ʲô
ܸҽ˹ţְ֪˵ǸүϣǰְʱôѪôǲˡ
ϲǿȣǸк
˰죬ƣơ
̧֣ǿ񣬰סһסڣ
׻ʯˡ
Ʋҿ϶˵ܸҽûŵùˣ
ʵһʱԵһ£û¾Ѿ϶ôˡ
ɻȥʵѾɨˣڵġ
ڣҸоõƿŹ壬ĹҲܽš
ܸҽæͷϲү
ܸҽҳôı̥裬ҪȻˡ̲ס˵ܸҽ˲
үáܸҽظ˿
ɣ¼ܡ
ǡ
ܸҽ𣺡үδʲô飬ڷ
ţҲǴ⣬ŰɣʳһҪע⡣
ǡ
ܸҽ뿪ס˰Ƶ֣ƣȷˣ
ưַŵϣ壺ʵģڶϾ
֮ǰǱʱһȷʵֹͣˣеģүԡ
˵æŰȥˣŰƵĶӹֶ˶ϸ΢һһ£ȻǺǿңȴܸо
ַŻȥǵûеģ
˵֮ǰûУʮͿʼˣʵˣֻүʱȥæ飬֮ǰ飬Ժˡ
ѹ֡
鲻ûôˡ
ѪҪãҲŴȥ
ӣҲ֪Ǻûǲá
үһϢ·ûƸоõ˵ĺأȻӱסˣȴΪӣʹ˻Ż
ЩԳȻǵĵġ
Ϣơ
š
Ʊ۾ܿ˯ˡ
һʵҲˡ
Ь.棬Ƹϱӣ˸·һ𣬰˯ſʼǴ죬ո˯һᣬͱϵȺˡ
ȥһѣϵĺʪ͸ˡ
ĽѰƣ忪ʼ
ƿʼ˵λ
(δ)

ڶʮ ฮ

μĽˣĽݵЩģܿʧˣ֮ʼȥ̣ȥҰ⣬ܶӵѵμ˺Σյ
˯һ˯ѣһֱ˵λ
˯ˣѾǵڶˡ
ƶһ£оһ˵Ļ۾ǹ屧
˯ˣӶˣͷЩң·Ҳ
һᰲ۾Ż˯ѵˣֱʣоΣ
ƿڹĻμܶˣǶˣʣԼˣ̫ˣ
֣ѵǰͲ£
ҡҡͷǰҲ¡
Ϊʲô
Ҳ֪û£к¡
屧һᰲƣŰȥϴ裬˰ѷʰˣ˳˷Ϣ
ܸҽϰƣÿʳҪԳʶ°ʱʲô飬û취
˷ȳȥˣȥʲô˵ȥˣƾҲзִģԾû
ƶڹ뷿ȥҪˡ
С㣬ôˣѾСͿƶڹ뷿ȥûˣﻹҪźƽʱܿСȥź˵ģնû
ңȥһߡƶˣô֪˿϶ˡ
һţ˵ҲԺš
ҵЩˣˣǱץˡ
һ϶ô죿
ֱӵةฮſڣͣһ̧ͷةฮҶߣżˡ
ةฮһæŶ㿪ˡ
ֱӽţûȥǰҲûȥةฮԺסֱȥƶıԺ
˱Ժſڹͣ£ļ̳˽ȥ
ةฮ˶Żˣһĺ˵һߡ
֪Ƣãǵһεةฮµġ
ƶ˴ӹ뷿ֱϳģ˸ӳǰƶŻˣµĻ¡
ǰߣվſڵϣӲǸϵǰԺ·ˡ
ةฮȥةˣκة˻ûãܳš
ةҲةฮ󽫾ڣةûȸϸ߹ˡ
ʣƽฮ棬սӵϢ
ǸʲôƽܸϵԺǰ棬屳֣ʢ˵Ŀ⿴ƽܡ
˱ģ㲻ῴôԭƽܾͲ˳ۣ˳ˡ
˱Ҫʦ
ƽҪƶӵ̶ƽ֣ܶƽܵĽʣָˣϵĽҿ˭ң
˷׷˺ƽȥƶҪһ˹ȥƽܺˣˤһţסĳŹȥˣĪа˳ȥ
һѪƽܵ³ߵĪаӸߵĲš
ϸĪа书Чʶˣġ
ոˣ㲻Ȿһϡ
˵ƽܾվˣ˻εڵϡ
ƶŵÿ硣
磬ҪбȥƶϵſҪϳȥ
ة༱ææĴſڽס˹塣
ةѾ֪˸ϣΪʲôȻȻ³
ةһ壬Ϲš
ͣ£ة࣬û˵ةæǰ񣺡ϷǸˡ
˵ǰգǰҽ˵Ҫǣ˰㣬ˣ棬Ѷ֪СΪ
.ΪҪС㱨ġ
ةһ亹ȵȣ²֣ϷŲңŮ޷Ϸ򲻸ͷϷԶָһ
ûᣬةԸˣ
æŰ
վһ߰˰֣ƶɿȥة࣬±ةȿޣҴˣŮ֪ˣ㲻ҪŮŮ顣
㻹飬ҵ㶪ˣҪ㣬Բ
չĸףĸףةฮĴˣȴȥҪԱĴ¡
ƶס̧ͷةࣺҿŮ
ҪŮͲ飬ةฮ㺦ˡ
۸ңҪԭŮģŮİ
ةɸ֣ĶϷʹ㡣
˰޸ة͵ةһӴȥƶҽ
ةһֱƶƤסιȥ
ةѱӵһߣ壺ϷⲻˣŮҪϷˣϷԺͽʥͻϸ
ةֻ࣬һΣ´Σͱֱˡ˵ȥ˰ǰĪаҲһˡ
ة࿴һƶŭȥиҽ¿ˣҪǸҳȥͰȴϡ
(δ)

ڶʮ ϵ

ةల˼̽ʥ
һùȵˡ
ϵһֱڻʺֱǹ
ϣ
칫棬ϵ֣
ţĪаȥ칫˫ּæϡ
Ƴһ£
ɫѿϣܸոմةฮҴƽܣةദƶġ
Ƴˣĳ
ϵۿƳ岻⣺ӵ˵ģģ
ǡش
ϵʲô˵ûйģѽ޸ƽܵģҲ˳ۣ
ϣƽܲΪѽѽΪ˳ƶ
˵ϵʵڲͷ
˵ˣ
ϵ۵ĿһеȻֹʲôʱ£
ûϳΪ£Ʊƭ⣬һЩؤϣǵĿĲɱˣҲǰܣֻơ
Ʋϣˡ
ȥղա
Ƴæźˣƿȹӹˣ
ϵۿۻʺסʵȷûˣ
ϣ⼸ճţڼţʲЩ˹ıƶ
ϵ˿ȻˣҲͷˣѽʱջ
ͲҪټǺˣͷ޺ة˵úùܽƽܺƶ
ϣ䡣嵭Ȼ޲ǲ͡
ϵѰ˼һʣʲô䡣
ϸһ˴ע⡣
岻ϵεô
Բίϲ˫ϲţһ룬һֱΪչܸ÷ֵ
ΪӣƴȥҲԸ⡣
˼ȥǹٲԻؼұƣǴƵ⡣
ĵӲСҪЮˣ
ϣԳ𡣡
˵Ҫӹ£ϵŭȣˣ
ϵ˵²Ҫĸý֦вޣȥ
Ǳ˶Ҳǰ취һҲһԼϣ˲Ҫȥ
ƶһ˵Ĵδ޸֮ǰȷʵһЩ飬Żнյ·
ϣѲɳҪ۸δ޸֮ǰԲܣ޸֮ɲ۸
һ壬ȥɣҲ޵ݣ𣬳ޣ˺˺ޣᵱص壬У
忴ûнӣҪ
ϵĿ䣺Ҫʲô
ǵãСʱһŻģȻʸģСʱΪ˱ϣ˻ϣϹ黹
ϵ˵칫ȥȡ
칫תˣϵʣòҪĻ
ǣǺȻ뵽ģȻͣ˭˺ƣȻȡ֮
ߣڿҪ޿Ǳ޳軵ˣҪѿһҪǹ٣һҪҪҪ
ΪƿԲҪ
ûϢϵָָ壬칫ѻ
ϵʾ͹ȥ˹һ鼦СӣĶ֣ɫģǺܺÿ߹档
ϵۿһۣˣûʲô»ȥɣͲҪȥĸ밲ˡ
ˡ
ת뿪
ϵתŻʺʺ˲᣺ϣǳ檵Ĵ
ʺûдƶᣬкͿʱ򣬹ͺˡ
ƶȷʵǳҪúöٲС
һúø˵
š
칫ţϣة

ةŵʱ򿴵壬ͨ죬ǽ״һ
ġةˣҪġ
ûᣬֱ뿪ˡ
ة̹ˣμϣʺ
ɡϵ۵Ȼ
ة˵˼飬Ŀľġ
ϵ۵ǺƽƶǺӣҲԭģúý̵ǡ
ǲҪȥǵĺã¡
лϡ
ةû뵽ϵô˵˵˻Ȼةฮ
ةܾﲻԣֻ벻ô£ֱﴫةֻ֪Ǹӡ
(δ)

ڶʮ ү

ϵȥ˾Ǳߣة֪Ϣ֪ƶǰҸˡ
жʱûϵˡ
ϵҲ⣬æȥݡ
ϵ۵ˮ
ƳһҹδߣʼڴϿſڣվûϵۡ
Ъˡ
ϧùô˸ӣ˼·Ƴϡ
Ƴһ·䵽ϧùõϣġ
ϧùÿƳﱣء
ƳҡͷһֱΪԲģΪҲǰġ
ԴȥһŮˣ֪
ϧùøƳ££·תȥһˮȵˮ
Ƴ̧ͷϧùãȥ㱾ȥ
ǡ
Ƴӷǹȥĵվĵվһᣬ˵ļ̫๬Ůûˡ
ϧùʣȥô
ʱ磬ȥ
Ƴˮķߣϧùš
˵ˮ棬Żǹŵġ
ϧùȥſڿﻹǰġ
תϧùûûлػ
Ƴվһ᣺칫أ
׻ǲĵġ
ϧùתȥߵſš
ܿ˳Ȼ칫
ϧù칫֪ǻʺˣæŴԺææĸƳ밲¿ˣô˰ϧùãţع
ϧùתƳȥ
һ·ͷĿѣ˫
ϧùòţƳ˵糯ʱˣȥǬȴ
ô꣬ûе鵽ʱ
ϧùÿȥء
ƳͷǵңǱ˱֣ϧùá

ذɣ
ǣ

̫֣ҹˮޣ
κ˵ȷʵҽ糯ûϡ
ʰǿˣĸˣ̫Ūż俪Ž޵Ļơ
κֵǲ֪ôشˡ
ǻ̫˵֣ȥʵ£ˣ
ˡκæŴӦ
ô˵
ƲסЩˣӶһֱûعҲûȥӣҲû
κţ治£һٸԸ⣬Ҳ̫ܲӣȻ֮ˡ
̫˵ȥһ˰ɣ°ףܹұˣʹװͿίǺӡ
˵ô˭ºӾ͸˭ϲغġ
κʣʧ棬ϾǾҵˣ̫
ǵɵӣΪǵ˼ֻ֪ǽôһ죬Ҳû
Ķӣ᲻øίʲô
οľҿɲô򵥵ģһʲôô
̫˷Ǻ£»ϵãôᣬ⹬Ҫģ
Һ;ңҪƺġ
κֵͷˡ
κֳܿ쵽ӵϢʰ磬ſڵκ֡
κִߵǰ˸ӣ
ֲˣɺãһɫ·ͷϴŷΣư̬·֮ϡ
ϵ·ǻŽأ裬ֱ̫
κֿǹˣǻ̫Ҳûô
֮²ֻǶô򵥣ֻϧ·עвͨ
κ˵á
롣κֽţκǻ̫ߵĺˡ
ǶСʱߵˣ˵ݺ
ҵ
κֽű˵ūǷģ̫ҪŮƲ֪Ʋôû
ǰκû£ʵֱ˵׹߲ơ
֣ճǴȥƲģӵţûйȥڴԺ󣬳ȥƲȻ
κʣǰ֪ͨˣ
֪ͨˣҹ֪ͨˣѾ׼ġ˵˻ѣȻǲ˻˵ȥ
κҲΪѾģ˵Ȼˣȥūڴ˴Ⱥ򡣡
ãԺ󡣡תӶȥ
ӻûãֻǾûԪѡ
ѻһֱûʲôãȻȻʵĶȻܲҪõġ
˵׼ȥϢˡ
͸Ӳ࣬˲١
ܼҴүˣ˵Ʋġ
ˣ̫߳ˣ
үôƺɣôã
˵Ļ治ɣϱ˵Ʋȥˡ

£үǴƲڣģ
ô֪ȥ˳ȥƲȻȱһʳܹǲԸ顣
סô£
ܵſͣ£תƣƸòǻɱ
һ÷׼һţɱ˸ǹûԳɵϡ
ƽס÷˫۾Դһ᣺үˣ
ҲǶˣƵ˫۾ôò̤ʵ
(δ)

ڶʮ ŭ

Ҳû뵽Ӵǹ塣
ЩûˣԽˡ
һԳȥҹ塣
硣ûסһ䡣
忴۾Բãء
һĨЦ˸ӣ
Ҳû£վ︺ֶžʵܼ˵Ϊ˽Ʋ
ǣƲģ֪ƲʲôطǰʼղԸϣǶңֻѹ壬йġ
췴еľЩ
ƲڸϳȥˣѾȥңȰɡ
˵깬ҪȥǺ;һһᶼȫڡ
Ųһֱӵڹǰ棬̧ͷŹ壬΢΢̧ͷֺ
ʲôôǲģô͹ɵˡ
ԭӦһԵġ
䣺ÿ
Ƕһ仰˵
һѱסȥãбʹңҾʹӴ˲
屻ŵȫӲʶҪƿŲ֡
ǵˣ̧ͷ׹塣
һ鲻ãתæȥҰơ
ƴʱո£ģģҲܶϰǵԡ
⻹ܳԣҲܼȣиͬЩǲθġ
ģر÷
ձ۾׼һھϢ
æſڣ
ۿſڣܵΪʲôҪˡ
ôˣ
үֽˡ˵
˼ϳš
ⱻһƳžߡ
۰ԽԽˣСӣǲǷˣ
Ҫǲã˭
æӲãūȥҪ£ū澰ȥ
ƲŲţٴĵҲҴˡ
ߵĺܿ죬˾ͿԺһµˣߵ磬ϡ
һ·Сܡ
·Ѿ߹ȥˣתȥ£µɨ˳
šɨӸתȥǰ
ߵſһ߿˱Ϳŵķš
;һŸһһеȥǹ塣
һŵùȫӲƵʱ򣬾סȥ
屻ŵһ˦䵽۵Ĳᡣ
̲˲ơ
ƺݺݵĿһ۹壬ϺܵľЦʮֵ⡣
˵ˣҲˣ
Ʊ֣ķŮˣҰҲԼʲôɫҴ򣡡
һ̾ɨѳ˹ȥֵסһҲæȥɨѣȥ
ҿľش
վһ߸ľͷһӲֱ˵ˣϳȥӵϡ
ɨѣžȥ档
ԭѾ߿ȳ棬ŵҲ޴룬˹ȥ
ӳţĴŹϡ
Ƴǰȥһƺ
ƣ治֪ûܣŶǳģ.±
Խ˵ԽûʼĴҲ
ĿŹ壺ˣ
ŵöЩ£͸ĸϻһˡ
弱æͣҲûôռˣһֱܼ
ߣҿǲʵҪǼ͸ðӳȥҪˡ
ҪӳȥҪĲűġ塣
ȥһŹ壺ȥϴϴŰҶ
ˣ̳źԺߣȥϴ
˵۾ȸŹ忴ŰƵֻſ
Ľߡ
תȥſڣ˼ͷ˿棺ܼҡ
ܼұŵòᣬˡ
¸ҲװޣոյذϸŪĵطȫȥ߶һשһǧӣ͵űȥ̫밲
˵갲ƳߣϹܼҳŵϿ˿æȥʣ˵Ҳٶשˡ
ǾӰ
˵ľ顣˵ˣϹܼһ벻ܴᡣ
ƻصԺֱӽţ·ǳصſڡ

æš
˵·ſˣǵҪյĸɸɾʡһѻҽ
ǡ
æŰѹ·ȥ˶ǰʼա
˳һ˴ķЩָŰʣʲôأ
˵ˣǲûأ
һ⣬̧ȥģѵΪ
(δ)

ڶʮ Ҫ

û˵ʲôͻȥˣκֵڸأӲǲ֪飬˲Ҫţڼ
·뿪ſڿ۵ϵĻҽ̧ͷ뿪İЩ⡣
ŶȥǰκЩ⣺ôˣ
С̫չţȻ׽ġ
κֹǰŶ˸ӣū澸밲
𡣡˿ˣ衣
֣أ
˻شκֽͣȥƲˣūڵ
֣ô
ģ˵Ժ󣬱ȥ·
ү롣
ת˺Ժ·ϹܼҼæ棬˵Ƕˡ
ͣ£ˣ˭ģ
ܼΪѵȥġ
ʲôĻһˡ
ûˣȥϽӲ˽ҲˣҴˣˡ
ֱӻ˺Ժȥ
ոջ·ɨѹӴģеģסͷˣȴûµġ
ž̲סү
˭ģҪˡ
үǳ檲ãײҪȻҲҡ
кβˣѵ㲻ǣȥ
ҪȥңסүκڣûƲӻκֻȥĸ˵Ұ²ʱĸҡ
ҪޣȥƲЪţ˳㱾ȥʡ
үȰƲӻۣȷʵ˵˲õĻƲκֻعȥҲá

޵ôģ뵽ĸʱȷʵгɼΪѴӦˡ
뿪ȥſھͿܼǰŪש顣
Сĵ㣬һ᲻Ҫ£͹ȥ
ǴӦųһȥ˶վſһãȻǰʲô顣
ܼѾˣȫٶ飬һΪġ
ùȥͰ˵ͻҲ¡ܼҰѱӽ˰תţЩשˡ
ܼҴʱſȻЩҲ߹ȥк
Ҫǰţ䵭
ܼæ˵˼
ƲôҲԣô
ʲôʱǮˣ˵ɾˡ
Ʋȥˣ˻ûܼʵش
Цǲɣ
ȥԺիͲţҲˡ
˺ԺիȷʵûҵˣЩãǲԸƲ
ܼĵھҵƲˣ֮ǰʲôȥˣ
ҪƲڶ֪ȥˡ
Ϲܼ˵ҼǰЩ˼ӺĺܣһֱϢѾղˣƲ⼸һֱæڸȫ޽
ŮҲȥӷرСӣһС飬ǲƲȥӰպ
ƲȨǰƲӣһĺܺá
Щ֣⼸գ
ǡ
ƣһ˼յܳȥɺͳ
ȥǰȣүǰߣϹܼš
ү˴ձһ˼ᱡˣԺܷ
ܼҹ˵¡
ͣ£ʲô
£
ЩЦ
ܼҵ˵ͷո˸˼ңүǰӴ˭֪ȫȥᱡҼүҼţһ֮´Ժӳץ˸УΪ£Ǹ˼ء
ⲻүȥܷ˲㣬ǰˣ˵ʲôҪɡ
Щש͵Ǹ˼ңǮȥˡ
Ǯ
һʱû뵽ô࣬ǿЦ
õүƽʱأתȥſڣҪȥˣܵȥˡ
Ϲܼż˵ˣôס
ȥſվţˡ
ȥͨ˾һ£ǰնġ
תȥ߾еߡ
ء
ֱȥ˺ԺѰƵĻ
ˣһϣ۷ֱ
˵㣬ȥˣҼͽˡ
ֽסô᲻֪Ƶͼ
ˣйܼ
ܼҺܿ쵽ȥҾ
֮ЩģĻܼҲҲ
ܼңȱǮãҪӣڹЩҸ㡣
ܼԥһ£ȥȡӡ
Ʊ˵ש⣬㡣
˵갢ˡ
Ĳιȥӣȸⶼۣǲˡ
ܼҲҶԣиˡ
Ǯ߸˵Ļ
ſڿ˸кȥ档
Źܼңܼұ˸˽ȥһ׻ƱȻǸࡣ
˻ʱѾˡ
(δ)

ڶʮһ к޶

ߵſڿΪ·
˸ӣ׼ȥ
һˣ⼸ÿճţ֪ȥˣ
סľˣ˲⼸վȥȥء
˻ȥ֪ϲҲͲȥˡ
ȥЩ£ү£˲ͶܣҲϡ
룺ˣûӵȥɡ
˵⣬Ҳϡ棬̫һҪˣԶżˡ
Ҳ֪Ҳǰ취ŴӦ
үңȥʰһ¡
˵ȥիʰ˼·Ŷˡ
˳˻˶
˶ſڣſʰשͷˣվſڶשͷ
֣ôô죬ǰĵשأ
ҧҧȥ档
ֵĸŽԺӣ˵ȥǰڿκ֣˵ģȥ
ǡ
ֱȥǰȴûȥԺҾȥ˷Ǳߡ
ү˷æų
ʣոտȡӣ
˷ΪǶ˼Ͼô࣬ʱʣشҲʵʵ
ǣȡӡ
٣

˷
һ԰ף뵽ܼҵĻ˼ᱡˣжſڵЩש
ӶթˣĺοҪӶס죿
ת˷ʣүô
û£æɡ
˵鲻Ҫ͹ܼҡ
ǡ
ȥԺûţ˸߾˽ӻˡ
ǿҪӣԺ
˹ȥ˸ӣү
˻ˣǰȥɡ
תȥǰ޲кβԣŶȥǰ
۷ֱĿһ
ϲȥ²
˵ǰԽ֮꣬׵ĽӴκ֡
κִ˿̵ǾãȻ˳֮󣬵ȴǸʺ϶ѡ
ЩκֲūŵֻҪӵĻȥͳˡ
ƲȻ˶κҲͲ¡
ūҪȥˡκȥſڣæȥͣҲ˳ȥ
¿ʼ
ȺͶ˵ƲȻˣʱȥãүԺ󣬳檺ܿ
˵ûôģתˡ
ǳһ죬һֱϴӡ
վڳ涢Ź壬ɫʮѿ屾ͣŪſ첻ҿڡ
ˡ
ܼ棬ү׶༪٣æѡ
ʣϴɾô
ɾˣݻˣһˡ廹Щί
Բˡ
ת뿪ɡ
æųŻ·ֽŶݻˡ
ϹҲûȥǰƽ˷˵棬Ѷ
˷ͣȷʵǱԸģҲû뵽˲Ҫ
̧üǲǲҪΪ㣬Ȼ֪ûģ㻹ദĻᣬǹռˡ
֪Ůһǰűί
ƵǲôˣѣֻһΣ²Ϊ
Ʋˣ޲óȥסơ
ûĿһ۹壺ֻ㲻ᴦ£ǱҿˣҪǱҧһڣôޣô죿
ʱ㷴ĿɳΪ
Щʧ񣬻عܸмŰƣΣҪллƣ±һΡ
ǰǸѾһΣҲû뵽ʼʩԲŻ顣
´αˡ
ŷ˹壬ʣ㵱ûиˣ
ѾǵˣڱУǶˣڹȥ
С۰ƣ˵Ҳδţڱԣ֮ǰŮҲŮӣȢһЩ
÷ӦȢ
ҲûŮӡ
ƣȴԸ⡣
Ƶǰֻϧ̫ıƭ
ȥŲ㲻˵ˡ
ȥ£ϲãЩģӲ
ЩоЩۡ˼ʱˣٺõҲס˵
ʱЩڣ˵α
ƽ⿪·ҩҩۣ˲
ƣպСģ
Ųž˯ˣŽСĵĻ
̧ͷ˯ˡ
ץ·֣û뿪
(δ)

ڶʮ 

Ϣ˼գ˴ٽ岻ĸŽ
ƵֻˣνֳϵǼʶˡ
ϵۿƱЩ񣬸ʧ
ղĶˣֳӡ
ߵ˱ȥ̫Ǳ밲հƸ̫µƷ̫ʮ⣬ϱ֮ദǢʱƻѶβҲˡ
ȥƳŻȥĵš
ϵۻǴ˰ƽȥƸˣҲûм˵ʲô
ԽԽˡ
ʲôԭ¶;¶ͣˣ
뿪ʹƱŶβ񣬹бһ࿴ŷȱߡ
ﶼװϵж飬ƫƫʲô鲻Ǻ鷳顣
ү㿴˭أȥƲȥƻʡ
ɴƽţҲȻذɡ
˲˵³ȷʵ˲٣Լӱˡ
˶ãǱʳġ
úõһˣΪĴⲻ֪Լе飬ûˣ֮໯ΪʳǱ
Ϊֳˡ
ȥ߶˼˽㡣
꣬ͷ˻˭
ʶһ۹Ϳż죬ֻˡ
Ǹ磬Ȼǵ֮ˡ
Ҳǹˣ˲ҪҲա
ȻƵģиһ:뼫ǡ
ŷ˹壬תȥˡ
ЦߵǰײǸʲôСѾͷˡ
Ƽǵãһμʱ˻ģǰȻϲЦţҺǶ˲٣չǶ˵ʲô
һˣĪľͶˣ˵ʲôµ飬òˡ
Ҫǵ˵ҲǸˣǶڵģʲôƽˡ
ƲôˣҲòкƻǿͿġ
˵죬ֱǵԼļˡ
ģ֮ǰסڸ֪˺ȥ˵𣬽
ȻڶԲҲġ
˵Ҳܻȥ
Ǳ
ﲻɳŶ֪¡
үذɣҺƲȥի
š
лƲ˽ҲǸˣȥ˸
̸ѵ˻ǻңԼˡ
ҲϲˣƽʱǸ˻ϲˣһ޲ġ
˻˵ãôû޸
ƵĮЦòۼ
Ķȴܾ㤣ǲŵġ
³˷ȥɡƲֻһƢ˹
ԼҵˣȻǲϣŮӿ̽ġ
ҲáЦĸŰƽţβ̱˹ȥϲֱ
ںЩء
úŶ˵ȥի
ȥţ׼˲㣬νߴ˳ԣԵˣһɣ档
˵һ䡣
һ£۶
Ʋ㻹ãƵȻֻ̽̽ˡ
ûô뷨ŶβأãҴջȥڻûҲ˵òá
ƽﶼڶ
˻ǱΪסˣѹ֪¡
˵ҲȫǣǺȾƻ˵Ͼͳȥˣ˾ƻҺͿô뿪ԺҲ֪飬ǡ
ȥ棬Һ˵˵
˵ڣͱ˸ϳȥˡ
֪˲˵Ҳûʣ׼ĺܷʢ˳˷Ŷˡ
˰תȥ
үǻֵܣŮ˶ộ
ǲϲǲȢɺôҲţٰԻбҪģ˵ǲǣ
岻ϲƾᣬŹȥ³˵Ӱ顣
ƫƫƲȴЩ֡
Ҳòֶ顣
Ǯ޷뵽ģǲһڷԵˣֻҺԺ飬ҲҿԲֵ飬ѲɱҪȥǵĺԺ¡
ôȥǸõҪʯͷԼĽˣƲԲ˵ɲᡣ
Ӽ˻ҧأοһֻɽأ
Ƶ֪˭ȿޡ
ɫãͲǵ˭ˣʲôòõģҪڱǰ
ǾͲ˵үҪȥҩоȥô
ȥ
ת˺Ժ¡
˻ȥЩڣҪƵģæȥǰ棺һˡ
żͦãҪ£ȥȡɡҵ㡣
治ȥתŶܣŴȥȡһɡġ
Ŵž͹ˣɡȥſڣסˡ
ŵ˰Ѵˡ
ǸʲôҼӻûءƽ۸ǣӲԸһʶǾ͵Ǻ۸ˣ
ŵʱǿһ˻ģͰˣǹġ
ǰۣȴǴ꽫йأóţ
(δ)

ڶʮ 䲻

˻صǰѾʼ꣬겻Ǻܴ󣬵ܿͻ´
ţ׼ȥ
ûͶˡ
ҿš
˻Щ̫ˣһʶȴεĵ꽫Ҫô
ԽԽˣһŴš
̳˹ȥ´˼ˣڶ׼ŵʱ򣬶µˣ䲻Ѷˡ
Ժܿ찲
Ѿ߸ֽɡվԺ￴ſڣߣתȥ
˲֪ʲôŸţûҲȥֻš
˸ʱЩˡ
Ҹطȥܱ꣬˳žƹߣﲻڰϳ
˰һӷ£׼Ʋˣһ£һڽžƹ
ϰڷžƲˣΪʡӣȥҶ
¶תȥһ£ŷӦ
ұ
еΣɲġ
Ʋ˶Ҳû
½Сһ꣬һ߳һߺȾơ
ãһŮӣȾƳ⣿
̧Ư۾һ۶˵Ļ˻ȥ
ڶӲùӽȾƼֱݳޣԣѲγԣ
һʶ
˺һᣬеˡ
ûᣬҲȾƣ˾ЩԺŴͳȥˡ
˸о˴ţҲ֪ȥֻǸߡ
˶ſţƲҲûˡ
˱һе䡣
оиһֱĥ䣬ĥ巢̡
ҹ꣬⣬Ƿޣ˾Ȼ˯֮зֲ巢ʲôֻ֪ʹ䣡
˿ʼ
ͣЪһ룬۾ǰˣһ¡
˵ȥˣ

ڶԺķ
ʪûˣҲ֪ôˣ۵Ҫر.֮䡣
һˣҲᡣ
˻ȥ
˲ճžͿˣȥҶл̰ˡ
ĶǵãΨǵúȶˡ
ܷɻǾǶġ
Щڣһʣӻô
ãЩʹ֪ǲҹүһˡΪǶӵˤˡ
ͱˣϢʲô·Ըȥ
ΣźԺˣ
û˶͵ԼźԼˡ
ʱû´ۣ޴롣
˾͸ʯͷһۻܳ
ȻذɣӲҪߡ˻ȥ
ˣҶе㲻ˣܾôˡ
֣ɢˣ
ߣү֪㲻ϲңȢҲ㱾⣬Ѿ㸮ﲻ鷳ˣ㲻ҳԲҴˣ˿˻ϸҵٺ»ˡ
Ҫиĵط
ҹ棬Ҳ˲֪Ūȥ
¡̲ˡ
үҪҶҵұҪ뿪һ飬ȻңҾɡ
ҪǻϹ͸˵ҲԸڶ
ƿȥҶ׻תŵ˵ˡ
˲ҿ׷׵ͷ
±ҪǺúý壬ͷȥ
æŹ£ȥˡ
Ҳ֪֮ǰ˶ٺͿ£·Ʈ֪Щˡ
Щҡˡ
ޣ˵ˡ
ǽ֮˶ȴΪѡ
ԽԽί˿˼һصĿޣֻˡ
ң͸һ
ȥƿǲˣϾүʲôΪңԭֻǲԣȻ˶ҡ
ھҵٺ»ٵģÿֻҪ͸˵αذҽӻ
ĸңΪ˲
ȴ˶ң㲻ˣ
˺תȥ˺ԺԵĳȽûˤڵϡ
ȥˣƿң䲻ҡ
վԭط˴񷿣һ۾ͿңŵĶ
æȥ⿪ӣŶӲ񷿳
̳˳ܼҴ˵󵨶͵˸ӣܡ
۾Ѫˣ
˿ܼңһӴ˹ȥ
(δ)

ڶʮ ϷҪ

ܼҲ书һ±İˡ
֪ҹʲô˴ҵģУҡ
һ򼫺ãŭϹܼſڵϺС
ԺҪ֣ȥ˭ҲûҶ
ˣվ£ӻ˻ЩվȣŹӣôš
ȥ˵ææ˹
ү
ͷȥææߵǰһţү
û˵תȥˡ
Ĺһϣ˾ߡ
˳žεˣŵÿ
Ҳ·ôûߡ
εЩˣæȥһۣѾεˣĻ˵塣

׼ðˣѾˡ
ÿɫѿ˾Ҫȥ̧־ʹ򣬲Ѷ򵽡
еãȻ
ŭ𣺡
ǣÿ첻ԷǺûҪѿߣҾ͸ƴѿңȻڻȥϷˣǶ۸ͣǷԣ͵ӡ

ô
ƻͷ۰Цԭӣ
˲֪в֪ĵӷĿݺ
ɫѿۻƮƮˣѵ÷ϣ˵Ҫȥ
Ҫع
ȥң̰˱תɣǰ·
ϣƲſڣȻ˵ˣ㻹£
۰ƣŰơ
ÿ˶Ŷ˳ŹȥҲ˹ȥ
ߺһЩߺҲһЩ˿
Ĵųţһ˱Žţŵø˶ˡ
ܿΧۼһЩˡ
λһ˶Ƶģƽ뺷ʱҲ뺷ˣ־Ĩᡣ
һĻӾˡ
һίˣһ߿һϸֶС
ҲķŭѣǿǷ߿ɱڣѽ˳
£ߵĲ̫ҲŰƣδȻ
һڷ߿˵ķ䣬½ӵ˽š
˵Ĺ뷿£еĶУûеһŶûУŮҵƷһδ
ҪľǿǽмֻɽȣһЩȻأȴЭ
£ϷæŽţһ˻ţɫʮѿ
Ů޸㣬ɲͻģ£ȥָ˵ġϷ˫ֱȭŹŷ
˵±һϷĪӡ
²ͷˡϷ˲ȥƣʱƸܱˣڸ˿
ЩЩûʲôЩˣ׼ЩһӦþͻˡ
ȥ£Ϸ˿һֱ޵ĶЩǱȫ˴Ƶġ
Ϸﲻɳʣ˵ɣô£
ͨˣϷ
ڶܵίһ˵Ϸ
Ϸʣ㣬͵ûӣ
Ϸô͵ӣǶҲô
Ϸ˿˿ŮǣЩʮĺӡ
ŷͷȹϷ˵˵պ˱ʸ֦˸֦³
˺Ȼŭ޲ðѶˡ
˵ҵŮӼ޸ȷʵ˸֦Ͼ
ǹɲǣݲŮ˭߿һۡ
ƾö٣һ㶼࣬ȻҲһζʧ˹ƽ
£ҲЩϷ˵ǡ
ƿ۶ôôãˣ
Ϸչ˺˶ͽּΪ˶Ͷ롣
ȥæϷˣдϷ˸һϴĻᣬοҲӰ˲
ӰӰƼҵŮԼ޵ĳȥ޲ȥڼӰЧһϣܱ汻ĺá
Ϸˣᣬȥһúò顣
ѾˣСôƭѵҪ׷ͺڷô
Ѿƭһˣƭһβɣ
˵󲻾ĻҲǴѡ㾹Ȼ飬ɻеʼҵǡ
үĪ˵ι֮Ժβˣʧ
ϷˣȷʵдȻܡ
ߣ
Ϸ˸ȥ档
(δ)

ڶʮ Ȱ

˳ȥҪ˶ǣܿͺͶ򲻹˼ңֻ˻ص˵ķ档
ʱƿŶű׵ʮֲ⣺ҲףȻ㲻ϲƲΪλҪץŲء
ֿĻǶкô
תֿĺܸ˰ɣ
Ŀһ۶ҿû㣬ǺģͶܺúõľͺúõģܾͲܣƲغǺͲùⲻȥô
ûлشȥ¿Եˡ
ϱҧ˵ĺۼҹڴǿһЩ棬
ô˺ͿǸӰ
һ㣬ȥֻҪܰƽϢԸʮӡ
̰ƣ϶ˡ
Ӷĺܣ
һ۴˯ŵˣ˵飬
ܷģһúöƲô˵ƻдġ
Σ벻ּ飬Ժ벻ˣƼˣͻѹҲ벻˵ġ
ҪֵҲ󻹲ǲ֮ˡ
ʼҵӣүޣܱ룡
ʼҵҪҪ
棬뻹ֺû̫ͻ̫
Ҫõӡ
˭Ӷء
ʮӿɲСĿһ顣
ʮ򡣡ڵ͸ͲҲûбźܴϣ
ʮ򡣡һڴӦƵЩģһƭأ
ǩֻѺȸ𣬶ôҲҪʮҲ֮ܶǲܰװæ
漴ߵһīֽ⣬дһ־ݽƣǵĻǮׯʮƱеǮǷġ
һۣ漸ʮƱһ֡
߰ɡ
û뵽ô࣬·һֱڻǮׯ飬Ҳ֪Ҳֻ֪⣬ǮԾǵ˶֪Ǯܶࡣ
˻ǮׯǰƲ³ȥ˻Ǯׯ档
ǮׯƹӴƣƽаƱƹĿ˶û˵ʮƱƣƱʧЧһ䣺ƹģҪת棬ô
աƹĺܺ
ʣҪȡߵʱҪƱҪӣҪ׼ã
׼ʮǰʱ
ĽˣǼ˸ʲô
ðǲү
Ǯʲô
ҴʮǣơԱţΪƹĿתƱһʧҪء
ƹȻЩ󣬵ҲûжԣǸתˡ
˴ƴŰˡ
ֻȥ·ż
Ӳ£ҪǰҪȥأ
룬ӵ˭֪˭ǮׯˣҪǵǾȥˡ
㵣ⲻˣô
ƻ·ӸҲˡ
ƴһɫ·˻ۣ
Ʋȥǰ㻹ųأ³
³Ͻȥ˵˼仰
үҪ
ΪΣ
Ͳ֪ʲô飬һ·ϰѻ˵
ʣʮ򣿡
ͷ棬ʲôʲôү⻰˵ƽԷ˯һ
Ȼʲô·ǿź̰
Ƶͷʮ
忿һߣһ
֣Ƕ˻ˣ
ʵЩڣôʹ죬ǲҪˣ
˾ˣ̰ģ׸ʮʱ򣬰ľͺܿ꣬Ҫʮ
ҲףҪʮ򣬶ʮ
ȻҲʮ
԰ƿƽԿеġ
ˣȻӶ࣬ײó忴۰ƣѰƵ˹ȥ
ô˵γѪˣƿڹϣֱ
Ϊ˶ɣ˵ö£óӾƽϢε飬ҲʧΪһ֮¡Ծˣ϶ֻδҲ׼ˡ
ҲöЩġ
ĴƵӣϢһᣬ˾ź׬ӡ
Ƶͷ˯һ
˹Ƹȥ˳﹬ڹſڵţ͵ˡ
ϰӭ˹ȥС˵̫Ͱˣ̫޲ߣ̫ҲΪˡ
ϷҪһͷײ
ƿ۹壬ʺ̫˼ǣ
¿С˵ܺ룡
֪ˡƵͷӦŴŰȥ档
˳ƸŹȥ밲
(δ)

ڶʮ װ

ʱϹž˫۴ͣһ
ֻ⿴һۣ㲻ȥľ
ϱμĸ̫
Ͱ˰
ûϵۺͻʺƳҲ֣ǰʺȻû£ɫǺܺãǰЩƶҲӰ쵽ԵǶһ²һ£̫ټҲûܳQ
ϵۣҲķɡ
һǻйĹϷˣһǶҲó棬Իرأ
̫˵ɣԼˣղôĹء
̫˲᣺ﱾ˵˵Ϸ˷Ҫư
忴ȥʵΪΣ
忪ڣƾû˵
Ϸ˵ҪΪ˶Ͷ룬˶⺢䲻϶
Ϸˣ֪޽ŮǶȻܺġһȻƵ⣬£
ϷȻȥȻδ˵޸үŮԺ룿
ϷˣһҴ޸ϣŮӣɷعѿɷ򣬲Ȼǲܺģܺ룬ҪɷֿҲֻ͵棬乬Ժ
ʣʼҵϱܺһǶԻʼҵ衣
̫ͷȷʵˡ
ƣȻҪҪӣˡ
۸ˣ˵ֻиоǴҲϵġ
Ϸķͷȳŵһ£ذ嶼һ
վڴ˴Ҳ˶ȥҹºͣΪȻʣΪʥʵ۾ҾТ
ҵȲٻ󣬵Ҳڶ
˶Сڱ߹غٻְ
ȻҲ΢ĺǻȴڶ±ůܡ
˶Դӽ˶ճԲůȻ͵ӡ
ҹûǮҲǮ
ֶҲĳʡ
˶ôӣ
Ϸ˱ŭŭʡ
忴۵ϵľϴεţȻ˺𣬹ֲñˡ
ϷˣԺ֪飬ȻдǺ룬ƲҲûкô
˭Ĵ˭е
̧ͷŹ壬ǰ׵ģȻЦôҺô
󵨣㻹Ҷԡ̫ŭָ涣¿ͷ
ĸ֪ˣĸ˶ϱɡ
ʲôãлģãӲȴһֱ˶֪Ѿˡ
ΪЩǿԸıģӣҲῴڶϣϾɷ㲻Ϊã˿£ܹԲģ㾹Ȼ˿˶ٺ»ĳԴöȡ
ǾҵŮӣô˵Ĵбô㣿̫ŭ
ί˭ҺԺˣֻǵͳ顣
˵ˣǹӴô
أ͸
ſ˹ȥһµ˴ϣһεˣ˹ȥ
˿û
ƿһᣬҩ£ſվ
Σ춼ΪʮģȰ˶˵
ߵϷǰϷˣҲΪƲ롣
Ʋ룬Ҳ£Ϸ˿Ըһʱأ
Ϸ˿۰ƣʣ룬˶ͻڶ档
Ϸˣǲô֪Ʋ˽⣬ίô
Ϸԥһ£
Ϸ˿ƲΪʲôίȫڶʵ˶֡
Ϸ˰˼⣬ŮƢҲȷʵˡ
˵Ȼʱȷʵ²⣬ǶҲĺá
ǲƲ
Ʋίȫµģֻж
˲Ըţƿҡ˵Ůӽü᳦õǹȥһҲõ飬ȥɷ
ƲȻԸڹչ˶ʱۼģöʹ޵ĺġ
ûи飬ô
Ϸ˵鱾⣬ǱŮίһץ˶⽴
룬Ů´Ʋ룬պһõ
ȻŮǻҵɾġ
Ϸ˿Ʋϲֻжһ᲻ź
˻ţرŮӣʵٻ󲢲ôҪ
Ҹϲ˲Ҫ
ϷһˣϷ˵ѵǰϷ˵⣿
⡱Ŀ䣺Ƕⲻ˶ϣʲôã
Ϸ˳Ŀ۵ϻԵľ
ǲĻԣҺ
(δ)

ڶʮ ׵Ϸ

ϷˣأʣϷЩԥ
˵Ϸˣ㿴Σ֮ƲҪ뿪ô
ͬģºƲҪ£ǿвɢ
ǲ£˶Ͳˡ˻ǲͬ⡣˵ʱ̲סܡ
ƼϷˣѵǹŮӣûеôս£һӣȴңˣ
ҹŮӾ̰֮ͬᱻŮ鳤塣
ֻ˶ͱϾСҲȷʵİŮӡ
ԭҲͬŻ¡
̫;̫֤ί˶ŴӦġ
˶㱻ҹܾô㣿
Ϸ˵ĶԣԺ飬ʵҲΪ档
ȻҼбľƲںԺ漼ƫҪս㲻ˡ
ɼƲǶغģͻСԺ¹ʡ
˺úý̵ŻһЩ鷢
ƲǾãһǻԵģû뵽ԽԽҡ
˵ĻƲʼ¸̫˵ˣ㲻
ƲȥԹԭŮͱ˵Ʋˡ
ɼƲǲϣҳġ
һɼƲƷУغڶġ
̫ͷͬ
ɫɲãҲû˵
ƻ˵ǾǶѾʴˣҪǱﻹݵ²

֮˷׷׿ƣ˵ŮˣҲͷݵˣ
үģȢԸóײǰ˵̫һ
̫֡Ҫˡ
˵˵ֲñ
̫죬ǲҪˣ
˵ֻǷҪүϢ
ô֪ļٵģûи˵
ƲãĶ˯ˣүƫƫҪң¶ѣүǰ˵ʲôϵ
㵱ҽ˵ŬŬͿԵˡ
̫ȥ˵ˣǵ飬ȥ˵Ҳ¶ˡ
ŹӦǲΪȻվš
̫̫󣬿ǲҪˣ
ȢģȢײպǲȢˡ
˿̫˲ǣЦ
̫Ŀ۰ƣƽ̫ˣ㵨ҽȢ
ĸ󣬿ɲǶϱ˵ģԼ˵ģϱ˯Ժ£үӲǺһˮѶϱˣϱ˵˰ϣöϱ·ˤͷ
ûϢ̫ˣû۹壬ȥƣƽӵʾ⣬תȥҹˡ
Ϸˣǰ޸ҪɱңҲɱˣˣ̫ܲ
ǻʶˣֻһʱĺͿͿʱǻ׵ġ
ǰϷˣҪˣ㿴ģþ̫ŮӻȥУ̫ż
Ϸ˵ˣҹ
Ȼһ˵ͣ͸һӣ˶º
Ȼ˶ٻȥˣ˶ڹɣ˶ٺ»ҹҹ˿˶ٺ»
ҲãҲԶȥ߶߶̫ѾˣҪȻô죬Ժ˭ҵŮԸ޸
˹ˡ
˵Ϸ˱ڵˡ
ƿһۣŸˣҲˡ
ˣ̫Ŵߴ̫ǰ̫ͿɣŮȥʲôʱˣʲôʱͻȻҪҪˡ
̫ģһúõ.̣̫̫鷳ˡ̫۵ϵľ˷ԸŰ˴˳ȥ
˶ߣ̫ת̫󣬸˸ӣҲȻˣлл㡣
Ǿҵˣ֪뷨̫γ˼οѾ֣ҪģֻҪ£㲻̫
ǡ
̫תȥ̫ת뿪﹬
Ƴȥ˹
ǹϷ˵
ﰲƸϷ˵Ǹ
ˣҲΪ˶ãҲûҪĺ룬ȴ״ˣ
Ǹ̫Ǿ̫£ȴô˶Ҳ뿴̫ôһ
㣬һӡ
Ƶǲö˵ˣϷǸˡ
λȥϷʣ˶ô
˵ʵԴҲǴˣֻһʱɱˡ
ʣ˶أ
ҾͲ֪ˣϷˣƲɰˣҶϲҲɵӣῴô
ϸ˵ͷϣɡ
(δ)

ڶʮ סĶ

˹³ȥˣѾˣԡ
Žգֻһˡ
Ϸ˽žͿſڵţϷ˿˾ֱӻסĵط
ƸŹȥ
ѾԸˡƲ
ת۰ʣأ
Ӧøž̫ȥˡ
ȥ̫ת˵ķſڣſڷ
ǿˡˡ
ƴߵģϷ˽˴Ƴ˷뿪ֻԺȡ
ڿԡͰȫʹ滹˯һ
˰ʱʣ˶
˯ˣ찲ƲӦţûƿ˽ȥ
˶һ£оģתȥѾˣˮ˹ת˹ȥ
˸ż
ƾ棬̲סͶ䡣
һߣ˿ڲ裺ģ
Ʋ
ģǾöЩ֡
˵δ̫죬Ǳʲô·
ʱƵҲûʲô
ص̫ĸӵ˵档
ǹѺһЩ˵ĵطûȥαŵˣ϶󣬻кܶĹͷ
Щͷɭɭ£ġ
ڵ첻Ӧеصز顣
Ҳͱôڵ棬ʽ
ڹԷǶˣʼյͷǺƽ
ճԷ˺٣ˣƷ򸾣Ϲ򸾣ԣ࣬еر
ʼյͷǸСϱһ̧ͷ
ĺƻԷ̧ͷ
ǷԵ˼һƬ⡣
˸ԣС
Թ׼뿪Ϸס£˵˵ʢȴֻ¡
˷䰲ƺ͹ֿƺ͹Ϸ˵Ͱ˵
ȥϢѾס˵Ժӣĵƻǿŵģ࿴һۡ
үûߣƴ֡
ôȴȥ
š
Ʊ䣬˴صơ
ư˼⣺ү治ϲˣ
ô֪֮סý֦ڹ˽Ҳֻڹ巭§סŹ壬ЩΡ
үѲɣڵңûԼĸˣƲǲŶ⣬˭£ҲŲˡ
ҪǶЩ֣Լ뷨㡣
ʱʮˣƾͲ
ĶӣΪ˹ɽ̫࣬Ĺ߸ǺģֻܾûʲôȢǵŮǷˡ
һǶԼǱһ֡
ҪǽĶĪҲҪŵˡ
һɫһҪŮʱҪףŮҪù
ߣŮȥ۸ˡ

һ֪岻˵ٵģǵǡ
ת§ס壬˵ȫӰɡ

峹ˣ
棬վﲻڣڴȨ
֨֨ؿڣôߣ
ιѾòˣǻҪȥ״ҹ¡
ס˺ܾᣬķ䣬ڴϣô죿
˯棬˯档
˯ϰɡǺˬŮӣЩ
ȥ˱ӾҪ̣һס֣ŵ˱̵һæŶ˶֡
ſźŵñűӣͰ͵ĿŶ
ɫ΢ȥֻǲϣ֪۸㡣
˿˿ȥ˴ϡ
ϱӽ档
⿪£һˣȥ׼õ£˹Ĵϡ
ЩܲˣŶòæĻƿ.
ԭĺҲĥĥĥˡ
̲ס²ۣһˣô·ģҪ̣·״꣬˴仨ˮˡ
ŤͷȥˣѾͷ˵ܹŹ֡
үȥ̣οǴ£ûʲôżţαôꣿ
ô˵Ҳԣж־ķҴƥү֮ˣҹ
һϯùһʧ
ͬŮӣΪ֮
ƣı˽˴ãȴΪ˹
ˣ˯ɡ
۾Ǻסˡ
(δ)

ڶʮ ʺ

͸Źظˡ
ûҲû
뿪ǰƿ۽յķţⶼʲôʱˣѲʱͬ
ҲͲˣƸŹ緹ûԾ뿪ˡ
һ˻Ҫ˵飬չҪ֪
ʺ⼸ɫãȻû£ܹǲġ
ֱʹϷǻظѯʣʲôʱˣôûĪǶ˶ţ
ԭȶ˶ӣ񲻳ҲѹֹϷ˶롣
˯ˣˣȥԺûˣʲô֪
棺Ҳ֪ȥ
תȥſڣûӦͷе㵣ǣѵıϷ˵ˣˣ
ΪѵϷŭˣߵſһ߿˷ţ˽ȥڵȥȥϡ
˺Ȼһһ
һѽ§סӳڻϣ˰ڻﻤסҲЩ⡣
ҹû˯ã˯˯žŽˣ
Ϸˣ
˾Щˣֻ̫ûȥӦʣ۾һġ
ԭ뿴ˣЩڣЩ
ŶһϷһ߿˷š
˱һϷͨ죬һ˵㿴㣬ôƽˣ
죬۴ˡ
˵ؿڶǶ¶ţ߼ţ§һ˫˵ֱۣȻǶֱۡ
׹˵ū澲ǹġ
ſڻЩˣ׷ͷſ
Ůӣﲻã
ܲˣӸ˹ס˵ϷԺ󣬱
ϷҲû˵ʲôתȥ档
Ź˿ȥ·
ˣܾñȳ׵ʱһЩ
ϴȥϷˡ
ϷӲʣûǣȻ֮ĸǲ
Թ緹Ҫѹߡ
үʱ磬ҾͲظˣòԶȻذɡ
վſڣڹ߿˿ΪҪűߣǸűȥѱҪ˱ȥģ
ˣʲô
үǹôҲҪȥġʵش
£ðɣǱȻȥ£
תˣҲûѶĻ£˵Ҫˡ
ȴڸȥȥ
ǰȥϷˣϷϵ飺˶ĸ֪ϲأĲһҲȻ飬ǸոֹìܣôͺͺˣĸЩġ
ĸ˶ûкͶìܣȻ˵㲻죬˶֪ǶĴֻǲΪ
һ˵һж˵ʵʵ˵
Ϸ˻ԣ˶ĸ㣬ͶҹԲˣ
ȥ飬ϷȫԲƽϣΨ£ҪģŮСĸߣĸľǵģûԣúί
ԭڶҲ֪ô飬ŮҲúܺãû룬ôСһӣΪ˸̵ô¡
Щ죬Ҳʵش𣺡ûеģ˶ûкͶԲ
ϷĶģ̫۸ˡ
Ƕ˯ˣ˯֮ǰúõģˣͰ·һЩҲǵöסˣҼǵѾĸ뿪ǻˡ
Ϸ˻ʲôǲ׵ģʵǻɵģԲ˴·ġ
Ϸ۾⣬ŵʱ򿴵ĵúܹ
ǹˣûʲôǲ֪ġ
ǲΪǿŻģǡ
ûоûаɣշǻлġ
Ϸ˴ˣһ
Ŵӹȥ
ƺ͹˷ֱ£ȥ˻ʺɨ谲Ϊʺ
ʺҹûϢôưÿЩɲ⡣
ϧùô˵⼸ջʺϢĶá
ҹ£ѪҿЩҩʺ󣬻ʺԺÿһΣԻ⣬ǻʺҪϢС
ȥҩϧùŰƳȥ·ϺͰ˵Щ
⼸ջһֱɹЪţѾղʺˡϧùõٸ߰ƣ˵
ԥһʣ¿Ϊƶҵ£
ū澲ЩȴǴ쿪ʼģȥϲΪκεǨŭʺκ֡
ϧùô˵ƵͷϧùԺȥ̫͵ɡ
ϧùͣ£Ͱ뿪
(δ)

ڶʮ Ȣ

תȥţ¶ҲûϵʺѵΪʺ
ӻĵš
ȴ칫ͨ
칫ƫǱС˵ƿһ⣬Ӱûһֻø칫ȥƫ
·칫⼸ջûȥʺô
ûȥһֱǱߣҰ칫˿Χȷû˲СͰ˵Ϻһϳȥ
ôƲ¹岻֪Ҳ֪ôġ
ѵ˵ģ˼ҵĺԺò֡
֮һûнϵ۾Ϳʼ£Ѳ²ɵ飬û˵
ƫ칫ȥ
ƽſվŵϵۣ˼밲
ϡ
Ʒ֣Ѿϰ¹ˣȻǺԸ⡣
ɡϵ۴̨վš
ϵ۰ָƣ԰ɣʱһֱ
ƻЩףϵķж飬¡
ɨ裬ſϵ۵֣ûмء
ϵۺЦô˵ǻʺ󣿡
ûлش𣬱Ͼ²򵥣ǻʺδ̫ˣݺ
ϵ۲˵Ҳû˵
վ̲סòǻʺ󡣡
ϵЦˣ˭
ˡ˵룬۵һͷײ
ǰȻÿܲϵĥ£ʱƤ޿ۣĥ
ãĲϾ𣬲ĥ
˵ϵ߽ƣһλεۣλεˡ
Ƽǿ侲Ҳֵסϵĵ֮
ֻܵͷǵ
Ҳֻе
ϣɹ칫ǻʲôˣϵĴС鶼жȻҪжǰЩӻΣ칫εʱ칫˵˯ĺܳˣҩģǲûʲô££ճķߵˣ鵽һ
ЩɵģҪ칫Ҳʡ࣬ȷϵ˾ǹˣϾ칫Ӵ˼٣칫¶ˣ߬ס칫İѱ칫Ĵˣʹס칫
ڶɵˣǻԼ
ȻЩ˵ͨ¾£Ͳµˣֻлˣûʲô˱Ȼϸˡ
ϵ۵ͷû޵ɺܴ󡣡
̧ͷϵۣϵתȥһߣֶӣƺȻʶ¶˲ϵۡ
ƹ£ϣˡ
ϵת𶯲͹£֪һƺһ֮Щʱεġ
ǲ˵ּġ
ϣĺ
ϵת泯Űƣô˵
ȻôһеЧһϣЧ̫󣬵Ǿľġ
²ǻּɻȴе顣
⣬֮١
ǲµķ
ⲻ˺ġ
³£û뵽ôϣһϣ̫ȴʽ򡣡
ϵȻһЦĵ׵Ĵʯͷſˡ
ԭĺû£οô֪ⲻ޹ģ
ƿϵۣ˵ʲôǶԵģ˵ʲô˵ʲôɣǲˡ
ϵߵƵǰ˵ҪݺʺΪʲôأ
ҡͷЩ
㰡ÿֻҪ˵£֣ʵʵĸһ𣬶ǲҴš
ˮĵ˯ˣ壬ްɡ
ϵתȥһߣĲ죬ʲô˼˸ҩˣ
ȥֲ档
ɰȥϵ壬˵ϣµĲС
˵Ķأϵ̧ͷŻûµİƣ꣬ˡ
ô֪Ǹģв֪ôƸоŵҪɱһ΢ϣԴҪȥ˵ߡ
֪ôˣ
ϵһӷ£Ȼ޵ģôܲ˽淢顣
ˣ˵˼Ҫƿء
ƿ˿˿ӷ¡
ϵ˵˵ҲжˣøȢˡ
ƺЦϵ̧ͷüͷ˫Цʲô
ǳԱŵģƾʲôôģϣԼҺԺˣҪ󳼰æ
ϵûһ۰ƣȢͬģѲɲȢ
ù˵Ҹոճһ꣬ӵ鲻żҪ飬ôȢҪ£ҾͺòˣҲҲòˣòӵҪƺ󡣡
㻹вޣϵ䵭Ʊ㲻ˡ
(δ)

ڶʮһ 

һϵ۲˵°
һ£ϵ۲ã˵˵壬ƢôһУǲպһ𣬱ˣ
˭˭ãǰǺõģԴӺͳƵӴҲ仵ˣ

ϵͷЦˬʣƵЦˣ˵ϲΪ˻ʺô
ǲһޡ
ϣûоûУоСϵۣҽڡ
ϵЩƣôҪס޵죬˵
ϣ˵У˵ҲС

ϵƿԣ˶ϵۿһϵ֣ۿһͿء
ðɣ޿Ըһʱ䲻ȢҪˣǾ޵ģȥ˸ס
ףʮֱģȢҷɷһҪȥףǲв
ɫ˰ףеۣæŻ
ϵۿž⣬˵Ĵۡ
Ҳǡߡ
ϵŭ¡
£˿̣ϵۣǹ壬Ҫȥ׵ģ
ûй壬˵ľ޿޸ġ
ƿϵۣϺ갡
ϣҪǳӮˣͲȢˣ
ϵҲҪȢģֻ޿һꡣ
ϣΪʲôҪȥѵҺ˲ãҵĺԺˣѵǸӣ
οľ޿һţǱȻҰŪŪ˵
ȵʱҵܲңľ޿Ҳܲ
󳼼Ĳ
ѵһҲӰЧһô
޻û˵Ժ飬͢ϵˡϵۼ塣
˵Ŵ໥ԼŮǱ߬ǲǺˬ
ϵžһӵ棬̧ĿŰƣǲ̫ˣ
һûעϵۣһҪϵ۵
ϵһɨ̣ȥ
Ƴ˼룬ϵ񣺡ˡ
ƽʱ˳ȥתˡ
ɫƿŰ칫һ칫æſһϵۣɫãæſ۰Ҳѿ
š
ߣ˼Ͷۣǳۣ۵߲
칫תͿƶ׵˵ϣæȥϣô˰
ƺ٣æŰҩóȥͷ
칫תۺ棬ôҰ
ϵۿһ۰ƣûӡ
ƶײסڵϣ壡
ĵⶼˣ˯úܳȴȻˡ
ơ
ĵ첽ƹڵϱŶӡ
ơ
칫ŵæŹ¡
ƣƫ棬תŰƿ뿪
ŰѾ˹ȥ˰ϣû£ֻǱŶӳ亹
һֱԵſڣѹ
忴Żˣɫ԰ףŵĲ԰ȡ
ƶһ£ⲻԸ˵
ʣ˵ʲôˣ
ƿԥһ£ȥףȢ
ίˣ͸һһ㶼˹壬ͱˡ
ƿˣսֱۣŰƴȥ
˻˺Ժȥ˻ԡƿʼðܸҽ粽Ӧš
ڰƵı֡
Ϣһ죬ϲź˵㣬ܸҽҲۻˣȥϢƲſ塣
һҪȢȻȥ
벻İ취ˣ乬Ļ¡
ŰƵ֣ӸƲ
ҲȢ
۾ˡ
һ̾͹ȥˣ̫סˣ˵̫۵Ŀֱ¡
ޡ
Ʋ᣺ƷģȻӦƲȢͲȢ
ȥӣһ
ӣ۾Ϣ
ΰ˯˾Ȼμؼˡ
ƿƿǰĻеȻؼˣ
ֵʱ˴ƣϳˡ
ܵڿһۣȻսǡ
ƿֱ˳ȥ
Сķ磬һ
мˣƱߴ˳ڳ﷢߻иҩ䣬򿪿þߡ
һӦȫ
ӳءǰ濪˵̫˼ˡ
ˡ
һֱۣ۵Ҫˡ
(δ)

ڶʮ Խ

ܿ˸٣ںҹпķɿ죬Ƕ״ǣһɽ¡
˿ȥں汳ҩϣÿ˶ղõǰС
εҪ뾳ļԺڿͣΪӵϢĽݣĽһǺڡ
ܿǵԽص㣬˷һЩ򶷹ĺۼϻһ̲Ѫ
ǰѪһ£ʵġ
ƿ˿Χҷͷңڸ
ףѪռ˲档
ҩʼѪ
ѪҺĽȫǺϡ
ӿٶңӳˡ
˶ӿٶңһ·һطңĸоҵϵѪǰ˵ˡ
ǰ滹ˡ
򶷵ˣǰߡ
ܵǰȻĽݺһʮһ𣬰ƿĽݵȣĽݵˡ
ϵҩŵһߣһѵ˹ȥһŰ߿
ԷҲˣһ׺ݵˡ
ҪԸƣĽݺǹأ
ҡͷ֪
һ£ûš
˵ǹˣǰˡ
ƳȥĽûվȵڵء
Ϊ徢Ĵ󣬶ԷҲˣûöþʹ˶ԷưѶԷƵĽڽڰˣʣ
ɱ
Ľһ£䣬ԷһһɫѪۣ嵹ڵϡ
תȥĽݣĽɫ԰ףư
ƺȻ֣ĽǶʮʱ
Ǽ治õӡ
Ƴһ£Ľݺ㻹Ҫ
Ҳ֪ôˣ˹ȥ
ǷԽˣ
æȥҽҩ䣬Ľݿϵ˿ڡ
ǵˣϴĽֱڵϣĴִ
ƴãߵĽǰ룬ĽݿŰƣ֣ǹأ
ûشˣ¿Ľݡ
ĽҪϢ˯һᡣ
Ƶ˵˼Сʱûȵˣֻϵǡ
û뵽ϵϣҲˣ
ɽϺΣգƿĽݻûкãĽݳ¡
ôĽݷĽݿŰȴ֡
˭
һ£ŤͷĽݣǰơ
㲻ǣ񲻶ԣ㵽˭
ĽһסƵĲӣͷ
Ľ˸Ūȥˣ
Ҿǰơ
㲻ǣﲻаơĽѣƺȻ뵽ȥֻһŵģˣʱ֡
ӳҡ
ʲôĽҪѰƵĲˣһ
ողμʱǽĽݽ̹ٵġ
ƿĽĽʮ˵ҲͲ壬ɴ۾
Ľݷſ֣Ѱ˦һߡ
ģĽݶŰƣȻı̫࣬Ķ̫ˡ
ƿȥΪһֱңҪҹȥҪһ㣬뿪
ƴӵ˵ڲп̥ǡ
Ľݿȥ˵ģ
һЦˣһûôģοҾ˵ô
ĽԽ֣ô£
߻ȥ£ϸĽݵ̾ϢԭʮǰĶӳôӢ
һֱΪ㳤òû뵽¡
ʲôĽݱˡ
£ӳҺ㣬ǣ
ƲȷǲΣʱĺѹᶼҪˡ
ĽݿŹһƣƸȥסĽݣ֪ƽпռ仹ʲôΪǣǺȻ֣Ҳ᲻ô죿
ƺȻĽݵֳ˳ӽӲĺʯͷ
ûƱ
ϲƣûѸ֮䡣
ǲ
ƺȻĽݱסƣҲƽյĮޡ
ӣ뿪Ľݡ
ĽЩ죬ָ̧Ʋ˲ϵˮȥҡ
ŰӿȥĽݵһֱ
ĽݵѹڰƵļϣһ۶̷İƣĿڰƵϡ
˭
ûлشĽʣͬѧ
ûشĽˡ
ǸоͿʼѵˡ
ɽɽµһӵϣĽݷ˳ߣڳŰƿ
˯һᣬҡ
ûлӦǴԽˣ
Ľ͵ҽԺסԺƻ˼ȥʵңе鶼˵˹ȥԽˡ
(δ)

ڶʮ Ժ

ʵĶӿԽصʮǰʱμŲá
ŲתĽŹȴ
ӳ
ĽݶŰƵһᣬϡ
ûѵƽʱѵ촩һױ£ϲ
ûشߵƵǰĽݳŰơ
Ʊȵǽϣһ֣ӳʲô
ģɲܹң֪ģǾһŮˣǶ٣ҼȻͷô˼ܣҪǾ͹ֲˡ
Ḷ̌ЦаһסˣŷӦ
ĽЦ󣬵ͷһ°Ƶ졣
׻ǰֹҪɱ˵ƿĽݡ
ĽݺأôˣҪ֪Ը⣬Ҳȵڡ
ҡͷˡ
᣿ɱ˵㲻Ը⣬㹴.ңø𡣡
̧ͷĽݣиܹŹֵĸо˶ǺöڻǹȥƤ
Ҳ֪ô죬ֻߵһȥӳ£л˵
ƷˣĽݣҪǲ£Ҳûʲô취
ĽתŹȵƶ棬ĽЦЦ϶ϲ̡
üͷǲǻģ
˲̾˿
ӳʵԺˡ
˵ĽĽעŰһֱ˵꣬˵һ
ô
ĽҡͷƵͷ֪
ҵģʲôڶûãҪڣͲҡ
ĽЦĺܲãѾ޻˵ˡ
Ľƣȥס
̧ͷû˵ʲô
˵ôҶϴСˣòţ˵ҸʲôĽݺЦһ°Ƶ֣ѰŻˣһֱ֣Ľݰָסˡ
ŵã̫˰ɣ
죬͵ˡĽŰưѹȸĽݡ
ӳˤ
Ľݳһ°ƵѹڰϣͷĽ˵㲻᲻˼ɣ
ӳ̫ˣҪһΡ
ĺ㣬ʲôˣ˯
Ƽѵһ¿ˮĽƿһ٣Ҫģϲô꣬ȴѹѵƵģڷ.ˣ
ǲ
ƱĽݵķϢһȺվſڿƵҲ֪ĸҪģȻ͵Ľݵķ棬һȫͷۡ
ĽݵˣҲʲôֵ顣
ƿҲҪչˣĽݵķ䡣
ɢƸĽݴΡ
ӦסҽԺ棬ҽԺʩȫָҲĻָ
ǺѣĽݵǲõġ
ʲôƱȥ˯һ
˯Իȥ
˿ȥš
ʲôϢһᡣ
ű۾ŬŹҪȥ
֪˯ˣ˯ĺܰݣֻǾЩԣʲôڶ۾ǰӡ
ĽݵĿǰ·⿪ˣֻϡ
Ʊŵõɴ۾һסĽݵ֣ĽݵָϣĽݿȥ㡭
ƵһɣĽݡ
ĽһѹϣŵòᣬŬҪŷʮǰĽݾͺҪѸǲܵġ
ŵúִ㲻ôңϲˡ
Ľһ£ûŰЩ⣺˭
˵˵ȥһ磬й塣

Ľȥţƿһ۲˵
Ϊˣ´
ЩΧ˿Ϊ˯һȥģûлȥ
ƿĽݿߵһ¡
֪ô˵ֻ˵ҿ֤ԺģǲǾ֤ȥһռ䣿
Ľʣôңոոұͺˣ
Ҳ㣬ҵĶӳõġȻԱȱˣĽȴεľ
ĽݶŰƿ˫۾ѩ
Ȼ֪õģΪʲôң
Ľ棬ƿһɵƦΪʲôûģǸ.åƵġ
ǡ꣬ʹȶˣ
Ҫ˼ʵͳ˵ݣᱻɡ
˶һھһ֪
ƿĽݣ˵м䲻Ҫң֤㿴
֤Ҫ㣿
˸ֱӵĽݵϣˡ
ĽһЦƿһ£Ȼ֣ĽĺӢ
(δ)

ڶʮ 

ĽݵЦݻиȾţҪǵ̫Ľˣ˵ͺĽһˡ
ûʲôֵİѿء
㣬ǽӦиģҪȥȡһֵϣǵģ͵ˣǲȥҪΪǾܣҪȥû
˶ȥС·Ͻӵ׵ĵ绰ĸ׳ȥˡ
ĽݿŰƣˣ
ŲŵȵϾ֪ˡתȥһ߿Ŵڣʱôȥ
ʱ䣬Ľݽӵ绰
Ͱ˵һǳĽһ¡
˵ӻ·ϣСӵ绰ĸȥ
ƻصĽ£Ľһ仰û˵ɫࡣ
˾ôţСʱĽݲʣʮô
ҡͷǣʮʵʵ飬о¹ȥ˹Ŵһط
ֻˣǻصʮǰĽѾʼЩ
Ƶͷš
ĽݺЦôЦ
˵ſЦĻĽݵݼˣʮ֮ôʲôҷô
û˵˰ѵӳȥĽݺѪ
ĽݾðǷˣҪƿ˵֤ǲһġ
ĽݿŰƣѪƾòˣòסͷֱȥĽݵȣ⿪Ŀȡ
˿ڣһϡ
㿴ɡ
ϣǸΣȻ˯˻ȥҹ壬Ц
ĽҲͷ˿ϣŰʵȥˡ
¿Ѿûµȣ˵̫ˣûһ¸òˡ
ȻεҲȥ
²˵˶ڵҹĬ
Ľݿڣʲôӣ
ðɣͺڲ࣬ǸүƴӴתĽݡ
ĽݺЦô
˰죬ûǲã
ǲ࣬ʲôӣҾʲôӡ
Ľݵɫһˣ
һ㶼֣Ľݰ˳ɾ뵽飬ΪʱڣĽ뵽ĶǴƣǾļҳ㷹
˵ڲˣɲǴҡ
ʲôĽݺܼƲƭȻ˵ôࡣ
ɱҵģֻϧұѵ̫ǿˣҰɰˣ
ƵĽԼЦĽȴЦŰܷŭ
һ˶û˵Ľ˵˯ɣ
ҾͲȥˣ˯ɣ˯һҲԡƲĽݡ
Ҳ㣬ɣҵģܴôĽ֮ⰲҪǲģҪˡ
ȥ.ҪҪöĽݸŪΡ
˯ʱͷĶˡ
Ľ.ӳϣ§ڰƵϣҪɼǲǣ
Ľһսſƣδܻȥʱ㣬زȥӦңҡ
ܣƲӦزȥҲֻй塣
ҿԵȣǷҵģҵʮ꣬ΪʲôˣˣΪʲôܸң
Ľʵİе᣺ô֪
Ǿҵġ
Ľ£һҹû˯ûֻǷڰϸϣżʰ˯ô˵ûС
˯ĽݾһЩԸ⿴顣
ĽȥѰƴϣƱҩˣһĽۻȥѰƴżߡ
鷳ܾ֪̫ûμˣԭһֱãҲЩˡ
μ
ĽҲоˣƵܲûʲô
·ϸһЩǲС
ĽߣŰƣ˸סˡ
ĽݰѰŷ󣬰꣺ӳΪʲôҲμˣʵӦҽѧģøҪμ񡣡
ϻ
Ľݸ˾ҪƣȻǰȫˣҲˡ
Ъһᣬ˵ӳȥҽƲ
ƾÿǻزȥˣȻֻ죬ţû취ȥˣеİ취ˡ
ΪʲôҪߣ㲻ҲҪĽҲۣƵļĽݻЦ
ƿ˿Χû˵ıҲʲô롣
УҴ㡣Ľݲˡ
ҡͷҲ㺦㡣
Ը⡣
Ϲء
Ҿǹأ뿪ңȥ

һ³ĬˣΣǰȥİ
ƸŻȥ߲ˡ
ǻҪűˡ
ɰ߲
ĽŰߣƱŸҩ䡣
ôţЩĲС
ӳҺóˣ
ϵˣȥҽԺĽߵżˤ
ơգգ۾ǹ
ƿΧΧģ
(δ)

ڶʮ Խҩ

ô£ô£ŭš
ܸҽ˵ְܣְȲ
ȫǺӳҪˡ
Ľߵɽ£תŰƣƿڳϣǿ۾ĽݣҲϲ᲻
ĽæŸƲᡣ
˵֪ˣʧʲôһжΡ
ƸоһжʧĽݵݡ
ǹĺǰ̡
Ȼһƶһ£ۿųҪɱܸҽ
ɱˣ㡭
үƺйʱ򣬹һɣ䵽˵ϡ
ʯͷƵôӲȴתô죬Цˣү
ߵ£ơ
ƿڵϵܸҽܸҽˡ
ܸҽȥ
ܸҽŵҪӲ.ˣˤ˸ͷ
ܸҽʲô벻ֱ˳ȥ
ѹܸҽȥ档
ˣ˶ˡ
Ƕô
ƶ˶֡
ʣү˯˶ã
һ¡
˶ˣһ£
ͷѰס
ģŹ崭˿үۣ
ս֣ˡ
ҡͷſڹļϲ˲䣬뵽ĽݣӦ˸Ρ
Ʊſſ塣
ϷԸܸҽܸҽոմܻŵȫð
ƿܸҽ˵ЩãҲû¡
ţ׼һЩƷˣҪϢ
屧ȥǳأƸȥϴ衣
үˣ
˺ܶࡣ
죬춼ûż˻ƣƿе
ûдǸӢˡ
㿴ʲôأ岻⡣
ǰÿˡ
ƺĵģһڹ壬һںã屧Ҳһ
ֿŰƵȥˮ˵
ȵ죬ˣû
˫סϸү˵ùҡ
ԳڰƵϴϴԺ
㲻ˣ
ˣڼҿơ
һĥⱲӶûС
Ц֪ҳˣ
֪⼸ÿ춼칫
ûҽôƾϵۿ϶Ϊƭ˵ġ
ˣ߸ն
Ϊʲô
֪
ƸһƵģ뿪ʣүżˣ
Ƕ֪һˣ֪˭˵ģѾˣѾץһЩˣ˭˵ɱ˭
ҧгݵģ뿪ʣɱˣ
ɢҥԣ˵ˡ
㣬ɱûɱˣ
Ϭԥһ£ҡҡͷ
ʵɱ
㣬֪˵ˡ
үˣҲѲˣɱˣ

忴һᰲƣǾͲҪڱ档
үǲǷˣЩҪûҪ뿪ˡ
Ǵҵβˣ㵹Ǻãɱ˷ŻүǲǴ
˯ŵģ˯ҲûĵȵģȲѹҵȲѹô죿
Ҳ˵
Ŀӣ§סſϣȥǸѣõӸǣܰǵľͰǡ
š
§סƣ˵̲סˣԼһѹǾſ˵ͳ˳ȥ
˵ˣ֪ˡ
Ų˵ˣ᲻֪˼
ϴ裬Ʋųȥ׼ȥϢƱϵҩŵˡ
վڴǰŴϵҩ䷢ɡ
ƷΪǸո˯Щ³ˣȥסƣʣǲǱ̫³ˣ
үмҺ˵Сȴ档
˳Ŀ⿴ǰ棬Ϸһɫӣ뿪ȥ˴ǰоһҪεֹ𶯡
̰ɿߵǰһ㣬š
վһߺĿţƴ򿪿ۣӷǵһ岻Ծһ£Ϊװˡ
ƺЦתʲô
˵ûİһ۹壬תӣһЩСƿӣһЩ֪ʲôĶ
Щ֣ⶼʲô
ǿõģҴĶǼõģԲרŴõģɴͿغܶࡣ
ƴһ㣬ȫעͿصСƿӣһкеڷš
(δ)

ڶʮ 

עʲôЩעһֻǸСһ㣬Ӻÿһ㡣
ע¿ģưѺӴģһɴ
һưɴϣǸطɴģ˿ڵġ
ͷҧɴ˺˺ֳһȦȦס˸ۡ
˵Ǵģġ
ģ֣ʲô
ϣһؿϣô
ֵı飺ģ
˵ר˵ܵġ
Ųƺƽһ˵ܣ죬ĳģɳɳģִء
û
ϸƾǸӡ
ȻûУȻãûĲ
İͷŵԼؿڣ˻᣺ǿ
ˣ㻹䣬Ȼȥҩ䣬ȻʮҺܡ
ʰһ£ϡ
ִ򿪣Ǵ˯
忴Ҫ˯˵˯ˣ㶼˯һˣҪ˯
ĶŰ˹ȥ
ƿҲߵġ
㡭
廹ǵġ
Ų棺ү
ȥţǴĶ˯ۣǰƵģƽġ
ǻûƾͳˣᵹõˡ
£ǰţ˫§Űƣ˶ҩ䡣
ǸСһҩ䣬棬᲻ðơ
ԱŰסȥӣżһۡ
˵ҴӺģһȥˡ
һӲŰƣΪţؿš
Ʒţ˫Ź֪Ǻ½ˡ
ǻȥˣһˡ
һҲɣ۾ŰģҪ±ߣ
үطûζ
ҾûҲҾԣҪȢ
ҶԻʺҲܹµӶûУҾȴ¶ҡ
ģĺ
ĸ󣬻ж
Ƕͻ˵Ȣ¡
Ҳϲǡ
үںʱҲԿ࣬ǲۡ
ûйĶǣֱӡ
ĺ뿪
ͻ˺
뿪뿪岻밲ߣͲĺ
ҡͷү˵
˵
үΪΣΪһȥĲڵǸʱ򣬶֮ǰʮ꣬ҵʮꡣ
˵ˣǰʮǰˡ
ҺΪ᲻ү
˫۾۲ת˰ƺܾãЦıȿ޻ѿƭ
ҲŲƭ§ס壬ſ
ʣǸ˶ˣ
˶
˵Ľݣ
˭ɫһѿƺЦ
תñŹ壺ʮ꣬ЩһҼĶӳġ
ֱ.åƲ߹ġ
Ǵ̳ӡ
§סƣƺЦ
Цʲô
ûʲôүҲȥģΪΣҿҩȷģǺƽĳռ䣬Ҳȥֻүҵ
岻˵Űơ
Ʊ۾˯һᣬһͱˣԺ۾ǰˣû
үǲҪ
£§˯ţûмˡ
ỹû˯۾˯ͳȥɡ
ɻȥġ
˯ɣҪȥҲھͻȥûء
§Źã
Ϻںڵģ뿪
š
˵ܿ촫̫һʣµһĤˡ
æŰһһ̫󰡣
죡̫䲻ģɫѿ
̫󡣡Сġ
̫˵ȥǲˡ
ǡ
æų˹ſס
칫

λ໥һۣܿղߵһ飬һ𼱼ææȥ
Ϣһ֡
һϸ˯ѣ˵ˡ
һȻ
ˣŮô¶֪û˵
ʼ쵽ƣȥʹϵ߿࣬ÿˣ۸ŮˣѶԷĹѪͷ
칫ÿζҪ¡
û¡
ƣˣݺᣬ޵ӣæȥһ˿˰ʱͨ˭ˡ
(δ)

ڶʮ ˻

Ϊʡ£ȥһ˶뵽ǰȻȥ¶棬¾㡣
˲٣Ƶһη֣ǸҪˣڣˣˣƽˣƽˣ칫Ҳˣ˾Ҳˡ
ƿӵˣòĴ˸кºȲ衣
રવƽҲ˲ᡣ
Ҳû˵ʲôȰˡ
˺ܶ࣬ݵе׶ˣɫܰס
Ŵ˵˻ỰҪߡ
ƸոպЩȥɡ˵ſͿͰɡ
ҲȷʵϲЩһ죬ûʲô˵İ
ƾ뿪Ժӵء
׼뿪˺ƽȴûߡ
ȥԺ˾͸ţҲŵģûͱסˡ
Ժү˵Ժڡȭ
ֶߣ
תȥᰢ
ֱȥի嵽ի˸ܿƣŮ˵ʲôĵطš
ȿƽô
ƽ˵ܺá
ţˣʧɣ˵Ļⶼƽ
ƽЦˣҴûӻֻǵѲЩ⣿
˵Ҫ׬ǮҾ׬ǮҪǲˣƽ֪ʲô壿
ƿһƽۣȥɣҺƲ˵˵ѵûס°ɡ
ǡ
ƽȥ棬ƲŰַŵϣָãҸ㿴
Сһ󲻺ãûвֻǵԵĲãθë
Цɡ
˰ָ˵ûвҴСͺõĺܣԴ㲡˲ѣҾͳԷ˼ͿʼŻ¡
ɨ裺¾ô
¾
һɶı顣
ǿˮ
ˮ۾ϣϸţþûˡ
˵ֻ֡
˰ָƣɨȷϡ
ǳθǻˡ
ƽƽ˾վ˵ʲô
Ʊŵòᣬˡ
ߵߣơ
ҡͷôܻУһǡ
죬תһǸɾġ
ƾĿĹ壬
ɾģǺģ
ʣû
šƺܼᶨĴӦ
תȻˣѵǲ񸣣
Ƶɫ˳㻳вһ£ǲ񸣣񸣶µˣҲʲôûǸô
ƣһֻ㼦
ſŷ㼦һҪŻ£Ҳطܣ˳ȥ
š
岻ģҪš
Ҳ˳ȥʣûô
ûУܰ룬Ӧһ㼸졣
ʮֿ϶ɨ׼ȷ졣
ôܴ
һ£Ǿ鷳ˣŮ˺ӣҰ֣ɵġ
һ£᲻
ô֪Ҫһ㼸죬һֱء
ƳƣǶô
Ӧòǡ
ҲҲǣǾ͵Ƶĳȥˡ
оǴˣûҳȥ
Ѽ£š
ƽ˲裬˸ӣ
ţ°ɣ£ҺȿˮҲȥɡ
ƽ²ȥ㼦
ǰҵˣµɫ԰ףǰȥƿߣҡ
Щ޴룬֪ʲô¡
˿޵ˮ
ﲻˣ
żҲź
ǰе֣վһ߿˿ޣȻӿƣҪ߱ˡ
ƿ۹壬Ϊѣͨ飬Ҫ
ʱիɣƽչ㼸죬Ӳãưһ¡
˿ŵͷʵӦҪȥģѾ֤ᰤˡ
ȥҰƣסˡ
Ҫʲô
ȥիסƸոӺһЩñȥţҲе㡣
ʲô£
תȥǰ˲뿪
ȥǰ׼˲裬ʣ磬ظô
ʱ䰲Ƶù鶼ˣ֪淢ʲô£ǲǻȥˣҲȷʵ
ȥˣʮˣôˣ׻ȥ˾
Ʋأסһôֻ뱧ϣ
ûУżȥ
һ㣺ǲǾȥ
ͷ崵˴Ĳ衣
һɫһǰҹ˶ˣүȥϸ״˵ȴˣǵˣֻһţˤʲôϵ
ȷһǰ
š

(δ)

ڶʮ ˭

ȥɼǵһǰô
Ƿסڹĵڶ졣
һ£תȥȷ죿
ȷ
㣺һ㼸죿
šӦ
ȷǼˣ
ԭģΪ˶ڹ뱾ȥʱ˸ܼ߱棬˵ӳʼǾƵ棬ѵһ¡
˶Ȼƭķдô
ȿȡ
ˮǺÿԡ
ûȹôãȲ趼ܺǺ
Է²ʣ磬ǲǲƲӣ
˳ͲŮˣһա࣬濴塣
ҲȥȰ˵Ȼ㲻ƲӣǲɣȻã㿴Ʋӣĺ̡
ǲ˵ʲôˣЩӱû˵ˣ㡭Ȼ˵ˣվ
Ӧû˰ɣ˶˵ˣӲСҴ
ŭӹ塣
վ磬㲻ϲƲѵƲǹһô
޸㣬ػѣ
ɫţ޸ֻǱˣñܺˣػˣ
ˣ˭Ȣ
Ȣ˵ܵõɷϲ
˭һݵŮӣ
ĲС
巴ʣҪأ
еҲСİѲɨˣվŰۣ϶ǲƬ
˵㿴Ʋӣ
ҲǱˣ壬˭Ҳ檣ôԱŵģҪܱ˵Ǳľ޺£һѹұˣ
Σŭɶӣ޻˵Ͷ࣬ذɣ¡
Ϳͣ
ȥϣ壬㲻˶Ͳߡ
ͷҲأѶͻȥ־ʹΡ
ǡ
ϽˣʮӺͱҧҧ֪򲻹ֻ뿪
ȥի淢С԰ɫ
ʣûкκһ𣿡
ûУĻˣе㷢ɣҲֻóĬ
Ѿȥ棬Խٵ֪Խãƽſţһֱ˽
ţƽŷˡ
ߵſڰƳҡͷ
ֽס˵ûУҪֵġ
ʲǰҲܲȥʡ
Ҫģû֪ʱ򣬽á
ô죿ʹ壬һ¡
ùɡ
ҲҪù˲С
˵ã½ƽͰȥ죬˳뿪
˼ƽ˲࣬Ϸ˴һϱġ
ſڵϷˣ˵˼仰Ϸɫأ˻¡
Žգһȥի
Ϸ˾ͿŲ԰׿۵С
˶ϷæȥˣȥϷ˹ˡ
ĸ˶ˡ
Ϸ˱סǰˣҪޣκʱ㶼ĸĺŮ
Ϸ˷ȥ£һߣģ
Ϸ˿˿ûбˣƣ壬Ͷϱˡ
Ϸʣ˶£ܺ˭ģĸᱣĸ˭ģ
˿޵ĸ˶Ĳ֪
Ϸ˵ѩ׵ģŮôޣҲΪѵġ
ãϷ˵ðɣȻˣĸ㣬⺢ӲҪô
˵ͷš
Ϸ˳ˣŰƣô˵˶Ǳˡ
ϷǹˣҲǲûС
ƵȻҲף˵Ҫٵȵȣ
˵ƲһǰȥһƵ
ʲôʲôҲûֻ˵˵
ƿ۹壬ʡ
ô˵ͲˡȻ˼ϷҲˣǻˡ
˵Ƕľûˡ˵
ҡͷǣģûҡ
Ϸ˾ģҪǶ壬ôᷢ£ˡ
мǰ֪ͨ£⺢ӼȻǶģá
Σ˶Բס
⺢ȥˣͻ˶ȥУȵһ꣬䷢ΪᣬҲͻһˡ
ô԰ƲᣬǸӡƿȥǸɱ˷Ҫץ˲УôøŮӳе
Ϸ˹˹֣ĪҪ˵ºӰɡ
(δ)

ڶʮ ϲ

ϷѾ¶ģߵĶϱ֪Ų¹͹¡
æɡ
һ㵣ʲôοƲôȥ
ˣûиõİ취ˣǱҲӵΨһ취ˡ

˵ʲô´ȥƴʧɫ
ȥˣһҪȥ
ۿҪ˵ˣ߿¡
˿ſڣŵõˡ
һ˶ŽŵĹ
Ŀ䣬˹ȥ˺Ҫ㿪վס
˲ߣֻվס޵ѾС
ȵߵ˵ǰŵץס·ͷǱġ

˶㵣ֻҪ˿޵ĺܣΪ
ת˱ϣ£ѱӸ˸ϡ
һˣ˲˴ϣһһǡ
Ϸ
ϵĹϱվϷľͷƵȥ£ô¡
ҲŵˣǹŰȥ£һͬ¿Ŷ
˵˶ǵʲôǵãȻλ˶壬պ˵ʲô
ϣ˺˶
Ʋδ˵ſҪȴĻ仰Ǻõġ
ֻиȴʱ˵⻰Եôһˡ
հƵĶжϣΣǲֵãҲ
Ͼôңתϱˡ
ⲻгӵ
Ҳȷʵԩˡ
˿Ͱ͵ӣǹŴγǺ޹
˶ͶţԷԹۿҪһˣżȥ˵ҪɡȻˣ˶صſѾ꣬˸طꡣ
ǱߺȾƣ͸˾ơ
˶ˣҲЩȥû뵽裬ﲻš
˶ͱһ𣬴ʪˡ
һʱƺѳֲס
Ų԰׵С˵֪ô˵Ϊ»˹ִ뱾Ҳûü
ӣģ
⻹м٣ֻǾãֻһΡ̫
ЩΪ飬תסˡ
ƾûʲôˣϲ
лл
ƿϷЦݸֵΪһѺ
Ǿưոݰɣ
תƴ뿪ʲôת粻̫У£˵ġ
˵ͽ
üҲˣҲϲɡ
סҲȻ˾תơ
ƳһӵĽ㣬ת壬׹֪Ѿˣñ˱ڸŲ
ǵĺӡ
ԹεĿһ۹壬תƲˡ
˼ǰͷˡε˵ʲôûһǿġ
Ҳ
ϲǡǺܸˡ
Ҳæ˵ϲǡ
ƳϷ˸˸ȳȥˣϷ˲ؿ
ллʹ˶ȥ˶е£Ҫˡ
Ϸһ£˴ߣ͹׼
ʱ칫Ѿصĵϵʣˣ
ϣūмô
ϵ˿ţ
칫СĿһۣ˳ȥ
ڴʱҲڻ
ȷˣ
̫ŷĤ
ԴһƬĤʼ;Ƥôˮˡ
æ˵ˣɫܲء
ô˿̫˵ҲǣʲôأƢҪǳ£汾Ҳˡ
̫󣬽ȥ˺ܶ࣬ͻ밲ˡ
벻밲ĵǲҪˣˣȥЪˣʱ밲
ǡ̫ޣ뿪
ͶǷͷ¡
嵽﹬
һǰĸʧ⳯ŹһۣûƲʣû
Ӳ±ĸȥɡ
תȥ棬ܿ빬ȥ
嵽棬˵ϲĸ󡣡
̫ü˯ţΪǰˣ
ϲӺ̫ͷϵӣˡ
(δ)

ڶʮ 

ĸͨһĲиŬܿͿĸˡ
̫ס̧ͷ壺ôиŬģ
ÿŬֱ׳˵СĿһۡ
̫ʣҽˣ
ˡ
ˣ
жˣ廹
㵹ĺŬһ£һûţҲӶˣ˵죡
ΪѪԵҪڿЩڻ첻ˣˡ
۾治
ôôڣ˵ˣǰûУ
ǰȷʵûС
ĸ̫Щţۺźҽȥ
ǡ
źҽȥ̫Ҳӻˡ
ŵ﹬̫̫˸ӣ˵㣬ˡ
̫Ҳȣܲ³һֻǰͷء
̫ĿģҲˡ
û˵˽ȵô̫δǻ̫󣬷ѹŻ̫һء
ȥ˵ݻڵġ
̫Ȼʲô˼Ҳʵ֮ϲϲ㡣
Ҳϲ㣬ԸԳˣҴǿʼˣУҲϲѶϲɺء
ǰ
ּ⣬ŰҽΪƲ
̫Ըˣҽϳܿӹع
ʱҽҲѾӹλҽԴϲѶֱ̫ʹǧҲʷǰ
ڰƻеʱ䣬ҽȷʵûֻһ²¡
ҽƲʱЩ̣¶಻졣
̫Ȼ⣬һҲǶࡣ
漴̫飬δȥ˼ӳҪó֮λ
飬̫Ҳֻա
ӹһ뿪̴̫ӹг
˿κֵʱһڴţҲæòֺ
֡˴ӴãκǶԹϷ񣬶ȥˡ
ū澷չ˲¾ܷԸ⡭ʳҪū涨Ӳ̫ã¡
鷳ˡȻţǹػǶġ
κֺϲˣ˳Ҳܶ¡
ȫκ֣κִŮŮľźκǸӦš
Ⲽ˲ˣֻΪ˱ˡ
ƾͼ̫࣬һʹ͹£Ķʡˡ
ƵǾˡ
գϵּƽΪ
ƿʥּͺΣʥּȥ߿һۣӵϣĳǲ֪Ҫȥģ
ŮŮˣŮ˲Ůˣ
ƵǲΪȻתʥּһᣬպȥ·
ת˹ȥס׼ȥҲȥ
˫ס֣γ벻ȥ˭ˣҪȻҪ棬ֻȥɡ
үģҲôɵˣư·ϣת壬ǵЩ
ոʱʢ˵ӣɲġ
үһϲʢ˵ӣĵģδ̫ˡɿ֣⼤
ɫһʲôʱˣء
үʲôүڣ˭Ҷң
ŤͷĿ⵭͸һĨ룺Ҳãܲǵģñơ
š
סƵֽ§סŰƣ֪Ʊºܴ󣬵лҩ˭
סȻ˰죺үѲΪң㻹ը˻ʹҪ֪ˡ
Ҫñ˳ģ㲻˳ģȻըǣҲˡ
үλôʡ
뿪ƣϵϣ̫ڸߴи߸֮⣬ϻҪҫɡ
ȻڸȡֵʱѾݵλ
Ȼʵ˼
͵Уһľͷעǲģ˲ţһľͷľͷû˵͸ıһϵ˿ֻΪ
еܣҲǸɺأ㿴Ҳܺã壬֮˼
ЦҪôοҲֻôˣôǸ
үĪǽ⣿
⣬ͶʱȻʾ˵ʺ

죬һãȻүʱϻᣬȻ㲻ʺϵ£ǲ˵㣿
(δ)

ڶʮһ ֻǳȴһ

岻ȥ£˸ƻţʱ£ϵǻʱ꣬ʱѾˣǷǶȷ⡣
ȥȻʣΪҪ
ȻʱΪҪֱ׳˵Ϲϣи߸ϣҫǻ֮һȼգϵ˼˶յգӸ֮֮ɽӸ֮ƣǶ߸ϣʲôûС
ĸڳŵĸʧɫæģȴΪȻɸĿȻʡ
Ȼε˵ϧ˱Ǹӡ
ĸ࣬ȻʱѵһǴˣ˵ֿϸѡָǼ³ġ
˵һľͷҪ˵Ҳ㲻Ȼ֮һˤ飬ʲôûС
ԱȻ˵ҪôѻϵָҪôѶĶ֮ܶ
Ȼ˵򣬾ҲֲңҪʣǱġ
ȻǲϣȻ˵Ƕǻ𣬵ûľ񣬱ľ񣬲ʱţʱţԽԽ
֣ô˵Ȼʺ㣬϶Ḩǣǲ˵ϲǻˣҲǻϣ
ƵԿǿˣ뵽ֻЩ
Ȼ˭һô˵ҲүԴöȲãվǸߴ·ӣʲôҲ˳ⷢʩѡ
һֱϻģ˭ͳ˭
Թ˵һЦû˵Ϸ֣︡Ҳ
ô˵ȻʴС;Ƕ֮ţԸˣֲҪϣһʱ㻹СҲȷʵ;ѡֲ㡣
ǰɡ嵹ν
ƿһ᣺ô˵ûҪϵĴ㣿
оı֮ġ嵹Ǻƽ
ҡͷȻʶ㻹ǺܺõģһӵĻϣ֪ڻλûп֣Ըû¾ľͷͷˣ
üƣ̫ˣЩûжκ𣬾ĸҲûй֪յĻҪǴ˳ȥҿɱͷ
Ʋ˵˵Ҫ˵˭ܱ
Ȼ֪ɱͷΪλҪ˵
۲һṬôƽƽ
ҲţүûҰġ
ơվ⻰㵽ΪֹˣΪ˵ˡ
үô˵ȥģ֪ʣƳһۡ
֪ûҰĵˣҪʱҲ֪ʲôģôȢŮˣ
ԻϺͰͬɫ·һ
ƸţĿ۹ȸ֪־ͼ²һĴɡ
빬칫һڻʹſڵȺ򣬰һ칫ӭȥ
칫æ
ɨһۣŰƵ־ֱ˹ȥ
칫̧ͷֱðʲô˼
ĵſ칫ȥ棬ǽȥŰһͬȥĵ
ܼϡ
μϡ
ƹˡ
ϵۿˣĸΡ
ɡ
лϵϸƣ˻ǸˣûôãЩ
̫ѾޣѾԼĺӡ
ǡƵȻϵ۵ͷ塣
㻹ڲˣ
û˵ƿһۣƢ治
Ҳã°ɣȥϵ漴Ը
˵ģȥ
ⲻǹȻּô
ϵ˵޽͹ա
ϣֻǵơ
˶ϣ칫ֱðû
ֻ˵Ժ칫Űɡ
á
ϣֻñˡ
Ҳ֪ĵӣ϶Ÿɡ
֮ǰûô࣬ʱŷ֣Ĳǡ
˵СʱڹУ˵˵ġ
ϵû˵Űȥ棬칫ŵһæȥϵۣϵûŭҲûҸȥ
ƸŹô뿪ĵһһ߿塣
ˣ
үƺѣҲеֻ
忴һۣЦ
ƱŹֱۿȥүΪҳһŭҲЦ
ν⣿
ˣˣԺǵôãүȻŭҾ͸Ц
Ƿ򳪸棬ȻһҲֵã
ͣ£һЦ㻹ˣǳȴǰɫģȻպҪ۸

(δ)

ڶʮ ̫

Ц⸡ֵƾãȤ
ҲÿЦΪҪŭںˣԺҪ鷳ˡ
̱ţҪٸңʹ˽Ҳ
Űȥǹ˵һ·ִ·ΪҪ¹
ǿкиߣʹ²⣬ƻ˭
Ƴһµɫ˲٣ϵ۵ÿնԴӰ£ϵÿնᵽһΣߡ
ֻϵȥ˾
Ƴ֪ڵˣ׼˲ơ
ϧùôƺ͹ţ˼Ƴ
һֱܵ㣬˵˯˯ѣˡƳĿ˼֣Ȼ˵ǹģ԰Ƶĺתǲϲġ
̫Ůǻ˼ʣ˳谮ŮҲᣬرŮ˺ܴϴʱûʲôЩŭˡ
ƶӰǹǲƶĴŮҪҸһϸµˡ
ĻһҪ涷һ
ǻΪǵһΪ˸Ů
Ůˣ˼ϸ壬бȻֻΪһͷΡ
Ѿû£лġǰ￴
Ȼģͱ˵ϻˡ
Ƴ¸Ƴһ¡
ʺܺãԷġ
Ҳԣ˸Ź뿪ǹ
뿪Ƴӡ
Ƶˮؽſڵˣǰ˸ӣū澲μ
ɡŰ漴ȥˮ
ԺȣҲһ
ǰӭ
ûˣ
ʶ۹䣬ȥ

ȥ͹˸к
һ䣺ɲؿףԺ£ȸɿɡ
á
ǫѷŰȥ¼顣
ɨ裬ȷûκ飬ƽ뿪
Ҳûж˵ʲô͵ſڣĿ뿪
Զ˰˵үɶ
ҵŮӶǵ֮ˣ˵һʣǶˡ
ⶼǼٵģ
ټٱ֪ƺúõġ

ƲδھϣϾ²ֵȥᡣ
ܾĿΣȥˡ
ӣ˺Լıְɡ
Ҫȥĸ밲ˣЩ̫
ȥɡŰֱ﹬̫š
̫һɫķȥ
ƽŵʱ̫Ѿڴſˡ
Űƿ̫æȥ񣬻Щˣμĸ󡣡
̫
ˣأ£ʲô¡̫ſֿ۹塣
ôˣ˵㶼ȥˣ˦ɫˣ
̫࣬ĵʹˡ
ûС˵ûУȴûеӡ
̫ȻȥѱĽ
һ£̫ɫȷʵãȥѽ
аʮ֣һͷһ飬л𻷣һɫӡ
ǰǱģǾ֪̽Ŀ϶ǣǾǽƷ
̫ѽʣô
ûСصĸɾ̫Ҳʹһ´ڹֱϣһ
̫ŭô
ûС
̫ٴʣֻ֣ûС
վһ߳񣬵˭׵ģ
ٰ̫ǻǴֱǺıʡ
Źʮ»ôӲĿڣֿߵĳ
ۿȥˡ
ĸҪʹϱɣǶϱĴΪȢ󶯸λȥҶʦҾȻ
үҲһʱʣŻͻϲˡƳϳϿҿңַ̫£˼Ƭ̡
ʦ
ʦ˵ʲô̫ҽҲȥˣܲ˵թʬˡ
̫Ųˣվվţȱʰ㡣
̫תȥƿ۹޲ȥ˺
̫Ƶʦ˸ȥĻױƷ
֪̫ʲôƴ˲١
ƿƿ޹޵㹻һˣ̫Ҳϲʹ˰һЩͰѰƴˡ
վſڿˣ˴ˡ
̫һСƿӿЦ˵̫¹ˡ
̫ûĻױƷ˵⼸ղҪ뿪ȥߣӵˣ̫ܹǲá
̫ˣ
˼⣺̫󡭡
񲢷ǻ£ֻǱϣûеʱͿʼá
ȻѾҪġ
ĸĳ£ǷɲӥģҪΪӥ
ǡæӦʡ
̫ࣺﱾЩ⣬Ǹ
ūּ
(δ)

ڶʮ ϲ

ƺ͹ӹ뿪ȥǱסһڶ뿪ȥ档
֪˻е飬׻ڴһûҲϳԷϢ
ΣǲסĿޡ
ȴģʹޡ
ûãұһ
ôʵȥѾǵЦˡ
Ȱ죬ǿһ࣬
ʱζӳ£һ뵽ӵ飬޷Ծ
֮ǰԲʲƽϣɳ׷£Σ
˹ȥ˱ŵϣ˺úչˣȥ˹Ǳߡ
˵ɫãʲôԲȥʲôʲô
ʱ˶ҪæˣżϷǰȥ
ôȥ˾Ҫ»ˡ
Բȥһ¡
κҲûϲôصģȻоɣˮµҲټ
һûԶûʳ³ˮģҲˣ
žͿſڴ£ľôǣ
κæŸ˸ӣתȥչˡ
ǺϲˣôصĻټµϣһˮȲȥ
κҲżҽˣҲĵ
ߵ˵ǰ±˳˳۾涼ˮûɵŭ⺢ôô
һӵ˶ȥ˷Цá
Ҳ֪ƲƲ죬ܡ
ɫһȥ϶а취
κҲסˣô¸ˡ
æԸȥ߼ڣǱ˸ա
ȥ˻κ֣˲ڸȥˡ
ģڼﰲ̥ܳȥˣʲôģ֪˶ǲųȥģ
ļô£Ǻ⺢ˡ
Ҳû⣬ôʱȥˣ
ļңκҲʧ˷ִ硣
үô죿κֻѯʶˡ
ŭҡ
˳ȥң߾Ҳ֪Ϣ
ӴӴױһ˴ӶϷˡ
ڶϣڹϣϷ˲ò˸ӣһ
һɫСӳ
Ǻϲ裬ǼģǾǴרŶⷽоȥʱһЩϲ裬ǲ࣬ÿŮֻһţҳʱޣϣƲܰһЩ
ϲϷ˵ʱ˵ǹ̫йһΣڵȥǾһźϲãŰˡ
ֻǹϷҲȷҩ٣οôô
˵˻ᣬԭ¡
Ϸԥһ£κֺͶ
Щ⣺ˣ
˼棬Ҳξء
ǰ˸ӣү
ţӺЩˣԾָ᲻µᣬҲ޷ԭȥᱡ顣
κ֣ҪΪһźϲ裬Ҫ˶£Ҫ¡
ĸ⣬Ҳˣȷʵ׵ʱһ
Ȥʹϲ飬Ǹֵģֻ࣬һš
κҲˣȥ򿪺ӿ˿Ҳǲϵõġ
ȥ̫ɡκȻûôȨôֻȥ͹Ϸ⻰˼ҪϷ˳ͷ
Ϸв׵ĵ¹˵ӣôȥҲǰ취ﶼˣ޲ߡ
ϲҲǾҩˣܲá
̫һ˰ɡϷȥ˾̫ϣ̫ܿߡ
֮ǰҲ˵һЩʲô
̫ѹˣԼԾĲκΡ
ȥɡ
̫˹ȥ˹Ϸˣ˵ݲ𱰣Ϸ˰Ѻϲ˵ˡ
̫۾ȻĿΪ֤ǳԳëǾҲҪǣ
̫۾Ѿʧ
תźӴ򿪣ϣ̫˵Ҿҵĺϲûд
ţǾͺá
ϷһܾеĿʲôˡ
ŮҪ
κˡ
κִźϲȥǱߣ˷˺ϲ裬ʱ˾ûʲôˣһᣬܳЩˡ
κִϲϲȻĹЧ
Ϸ˵˽ӵϢҲһɵҲ࿴һ۾
ǰ뿪ضһȥ
(δ)

ڶʮ 

˵סܲǰ취Ʋض
һᣬһߵľãҪĸУ.ȥʡ
үӳүǲǾͲóˣǾãԴ뿪ʼѾȻôģ
ޣ
Զģᾡȫ㣬ֻĸڲԸ˵Ҳö˵
Цˣʲôش
˶޻˵
סԺӣ˹ȥ
˻صң޻˵
ԡֻţԡͰż͸ĳߵǰ£˿˿˿ǡ
ֶ˶ǲģѹһʯͷⲻ
ү㲻ϲˣʼղףһˣˣѹĻ궼ˡ
ʲôʱ򹴴һȥģ
̧ȥ˷ϲֻ̫࣬
үϲƲҼۿת
˲᣺ǸᣬǺȶ˾˴¡
ͣþ֪ǼµķһɵģҪȥᱡ˹壬թӣʹֶȥ겻ţһоͲᷢ
žҼ߹˻ȥ
˵Ҳա
Ź˵ĻǰǹүǺͺðɣ֪ˣԺһúöƲֻϣҪҸߡ
ͷͺðɣҲۣбڣǲκ˰ѳߵġ
ԼҪߣ⻰߶˻ȥ
˵˵⣬Ҫȥȱ
˵깬ˣŹ뿪ıӰס֡
㸺ң
ᣬϢǳ
Ϊ˸ӪһõĻ棬ߵĲԶҲҵһӣܽ
⼸ѵðݣϢĿյ﹬ٿζһ£Ҳˡ
ʾⲻҪƿӣһֻ׸˽
βһˣŰ׸׼ɱ
ưѶβססԴɲǸԵġ
βȻĻȥһſš
忴ƣҲˡ
ϸĿһۣɫһ䣺ô
ɫأ֪Ʋھǣ뵽һУϻȥҲˣһûбڵıĲ࣬ƲڣҲסӡ
ɫ԰ףүô֪Ҳھǵģ²ûм֪ģοʹأ˭ôĵӣ˵ʲô͸ʲô
үڣϺ̫أ
˲֪˲֪ܲƲ¶Ѿ˳ǣȻ˻֪
ֻ̫£ѱǱˡ
ô죿
Ҳ֪ΰˡ
Ȼȥ
ȥǳջȥգҲһš
ƸŹ弱ææ·û
һ·һֱġ
ĵͿϵ۳棬ɫ԰ףݣʮ꣬һ¾ͲǻǸˡ
ͶҲڣȵվţһɫãǰƺ͹壬Ʈ죬Űȹй£ȴδ˵
ˣԸܷҲʹҪһʱ㲻ᷢ¡
ϵδţϳ
˵ϡ
ϵ˿ŻˣãѾղˮˣҽ޻֮ʺԪˣʱ޶ˡ
ҪȥּƲţȲɡ
ϵۿŰƣ޸һλᣬס㸹̥£вأ㸹е̥ᡣ
ðǴÿһ԰ٷְٵİգӼڲϣô죿
ϣְأûбԸܷĺûдҪɱ˳ҲҪȳĺɱ˳Ҳ١
Ѿȥɡ
ϵɫ԰ףѾˡ
û˵Ĺ壬ϣҪͬȥ˳˭µ֡
ȥɡ
ϵ۰˰֣ƺ͹һ¡
ŰƱ˵үϳȥҩҵҩɫǸĶ
ڣҪСġ
ҲΪ£ҩŵĺΣֻ֪
ģһᡣ
תȥ⣬ҪȥʺУȥˮ
ŰƱȥѾ˿ľǿЦЦסƵ֣ûޣΪ󹬵Ů˿Ҳá
ˣ
ҡͷûлҲı䲻ʲô
Իлƿ˿ԣȥɡ
ؽ˲ᣬ˳ȥ
(δ)

ڶʮ һ˵

ˣŰƵ֣·ǰҼ㣬һй𻨸ңһ£ǡ
϶˵ſڣƸȥھߣ˵꿴ƣᡣ
ֻ֪ܰң㣬ң
ᣬƲ֪Ǽ٣֪ʲô
˵İɣû¡
ס󣬰ɨ裬Ѿûˣܴ죬ܻ᲻УݣǶ˾һ·ˡ
ҶļʱȻĻܻҲ˶á
ٵȵȣܿˡ
š
ɻȥһֱŰƵ֣·ǧ磬Ĺڣֻаһ˻һˡ
£Ҳδ档
Ǿҵ飬ҲǾҵΡ
̫֪ǿŮڹıǲܵġ
ֺ飬ǵĴɡ
ԲܾǱ˹ˣҶκεԹԡ
ؾҲһף𣬾ҾͲĺܣµõҵĿأΨһվһӸµλϣңܸһ
ˣǾֻ
һᣬҲѾˣŹҩ˰ƣڹ˵Щʲôȥ룬ˣ׽öȥԺѺûбּ⣬ÿ˲նࡣ
־㻪
ǡ
־ȥ죬Ű˫񣺡һܿô
鸣죬Ȼῴģİɡ
ӪҺ͵ףû뵽ЩôˣǰʱȥˣȻɡ
ȶ׼ȥƳ
ȥʺͷӦˡ
ͷһɣˣȥҽ
ҽ̫ߵˣɿˡ
ƵȵҽôãĶôãӦȥ˷ǹƳǱߡ
ϧùһڵŰƣæӭ˼˸ӣū澲μ
Ʒһϧùãù𣬻ʺˣ
һֱڻԣѪ˺ܶ࣬ʼûкҽҲ޲ߣ֪ôǺãһֱȥӲȼǴҲסˡ
ȥƱҩæȥƳ
ʱ޵涼ѪȵζһžͿƽվţƽɫ԰ףݣǱĥһ
ƽ˫˰Żع
ƽȥƳƽܸ˽ȥ
ƳȥȾҪأЩ
ƷҩҩƳ£ɨƳ飬;һ˶ֽŲŻ£ֻûкӣһҩӹĤˣѪļ
Ƴ룬ҩǾһģͬǣƳҩ裬öӽʧȥ
ƳٻһЩ࣬ƽʰЩƳ
Ƴ˯һᣬ۾Ҳû˵
ϧùãǰ顣
ʺ֮ǰһЩ𻨸˵ģʺ֮ͳϧùʵش
ʣ»ûйʹô
ˣûκνϧùõ
֪ˣһ˵ɡƿһƳ˯˲׼뿪
ǹڴƮһѪζ
ƴƽҲһͬ˳
ҽôƽܹƳʡ
ƽͣѪļ󣬵ҸѾûʲôˣҪԴϢһʱ䣬ʱҪӪ
ллˡ
ƽһתȥˡ
ƻͷƽܣȥſڵš
ûĺҲû£ϵ۾ȻҪĺᣬƸĺ˼֡
ﵽǸʲôط˱Ⱥˮ޻£Ҫ
ϵʲʲôˣǼεļ˼һЩϵ۵ģһѺõģƱû˷
û뵽ĺӳ£Ȱȥ汳ˣĺ֪ˡ
ܿ˷ǹű㿴ſڣ޼Ҫʻʺ飬ʵشǱסˣֻǳ׻ˣ˵ӣԺܻʮ궼⡣
˵µʱ򣬰صĻ޾ġ
ԭҲǸ˴ˣȴΪʹ˺£ˡ
һˣԼֶ׺飬Աˣô
ƽľͽ塣
(δ)

ڶʮ ϧùó

ȥϧùãϧùùʱū澾һź򣬵ǹ𻨸ū澲ûԳԣΪնȳһ𻨸⣬ʺ˵Լˣ˶ɣū澲ûгԡ
ϧù˵깬뿪ˣһȥһ졣
ڻȥס˵ץ˾ץˣԶѺãǵٹ˽
̫ǺƽĺŲ衣
ĸ㵱治ųľ̲סȥʡ
̫˵̫ˣĻǵĻͲǣûʲôɵıǡ
ĸҲ̫ˣҪˣҲȥ¡Щŭ˭ֽţȻŶҩˡ
̫ĶȻ֪ݺ㻹ʲô
ĸп˵尡
Ǿ͹ܲôˣ˭һְٰûУձȨôҿҪʲô˭ܹܵˣ
˵£Բ˵
̫ҲˣûĿ۶ӣ¾ͱ̸ܶôôĶӣҲա
̫ҡ
ϲŴӹĻ̻֮ʣˮؽץܿˮڵҲץ
ˮʣ¾һ˲ǰ취尲ȥϡ
ܿ칬֮̿£ˮ˹ؽɵķ涯ֽš
ؽ棬崩źɫӣվˣΧͨ
ԶԶĿؽڵϹţѾһϢˡ
һΣ˭ָʾģɫ䡣
ؽѾĲҲ̶ãڵϲţҲ˵˭Ļ֡
ūûУūûʲô˵ġؽ˵Ҳûа취˰һʮĺƵؽǰ
㡣һؽ޺ؽ䲻ع񣬿ؽ޺¶ģͺûйϵ
ôˣǰһѺһߣԲ˵⺢ӻţҲֻܻڹ
ؽԲ׹˼
˻ϣ˶̫ࡣ
ؽţ˵˵
Ȼѣ˵ô
ؽǾҪôģ˵ֻûʺĺûˣлʺẢӻУԲų²ߡ
תˣؽˡ
ǸˣҲ֣Ǹôʹؽġ
ؽǾҵˣŽҲǾϸѡģ£ҲҪܵǣġ
ƻصǹȥʱϧùźƳƽϧùñˡ
ȥ£ƳʱѾˡ
л˱ûȣѾˡ
ֻǾ֣ĳҲұ֤ʺûˣҲǻʺĸ
ϧù˵˵濪ʼץˣѾɵ˾ң
ЩͲ֪ˣȷʵץˡ
µ񣬰ʲô˵ֻ֪ɱҪġ
ܿ˽˷ǹڣһ˰ƳֺѾȫץˡ
ϧùһʱҲЩ㵣æѯôһ¡
ץ˵˲˵ƿˡ
Ƴǿôˣ
ƴʱ˵ʺౣأ£뿪ˡ
⵽ô£Ƴģҡͷ
Ҳ֪ʱֻ֪ؽץˣһܱܵĹ˵ʲôŻ˰ɡ
˵иˣƳ۲תĿϧùõϣϧùá
ū澰ݱʺ󡣡
ϧùù£Ƴͷ
Ƴ۾ǱԲ㡣
ʺౣأūպźˡϧùù¿˼ͷ˳ȥ
Ƴɫ˰ףɻȥ
ƽ߽Ƴ۾ȥƽܡ
ҲƽվңôҲ޷ţͷһĽΪ
ͻСҲпԭ㵽˱ͣͶˣ˳˵ĵط棬ǶôĲףҲƹĺӣЩ˲ϣأ
Ƴ۾ƽܳٳδֱһţϧùñץƽת˳ȥ
ϧùҲץˣǹ˽ס̿򣬶Щվֽסġ
ϧùüؽ飬ǿˣ˭ҲԸӡ
Ȼ֪ڹˣҲԸôˡ
ϧùñץƾԺ໥ţʹļףϧùãǿĳ
ϧù񣬷·Ǹ߰ƣΪֹˣһжΪֹˡ
ϧùóŰ΢΢ʾİݱ𣬰˵ʲôϧùЦЦת뿪ˡ
Ʋģ˹ȥ
(δ)

ڶʮ ̿

·ϣľȻƽܡ
˭û˵룬жһͬࡣ
Ѷϧùõĵ⣬Ƴֻǿûȥ
Ź壬Ժ乬ǹʱѶϹһЩı˵ˣкܶѪڵϣѪ
ؽʱѾЩɵǺҲŵ÷񲣬վֱ£Ǵ˵ʱѺŵˡ
ʱù岻Ǹħڱ˵ʱ˭ֲħ
Թԣĺֶӣôûˣ޷ܵġ
ûзֻǷŭѾĪ侲ˡ
ϧùñǰ£Ȼ޲ֻ䵭ʣϧùã֮ǰؽнؽʲô
ϧùÿؽ˵ȷʵ
ؽϣûй˵ȥǹġ
ȥסϧùõֱۣҡţϧùãūʲôû˵ūʲôû˵
ϧùޱ飬ƿؽ֣̾Ϣһ˵û˵˵ʵ
ؽɵɵĵһߣѾɵĺӡ
ûʲôô찡
ϧùһ˳еУλεĻѰѹҫĸ⿡ʣȴҲӵ
ϧùΪҪ䣬ûһ˿
ϧù˵ԴɽұѾעòȻʺҪᡣ
ǰûϸ裬Ȼ˺ӣȻʺҲ˺ӣǻΪʺڻʺź꣬
ȻǲʵģҸẦˡ
룬Ͷǡҵᣬؽв
ؽȥģ֪˵ʲô
Ǵв
ʲô˼
ѯʣôвؽ
ؽǰǾҵѾߣʮʱץߣǻʺܵٽ͡
Ҳ֪̫࣬һڹ￴ٽؽճɵɵĿٽ֪һ
ҪΪʺı££ؽ
ҸؽֻҪһ취ָٽͨҲãҲԸģοҡ
ҪǲӦҰץסɢһЩۣɡ
ˣؽҲʹӦˡ
忴ؽޱ飺ؽǣ
ϧù㲻Ĵﰡȷʵ棬ǡǡ
ؽ˵֪ô졣
ϧùó֤ݣǰЩӣغ컨ؽģ°컵ˣһֱϻһӡ
ϧù˵ؽŵû겻ᣬߵؽӣȻһ޴Ŀӻûϡ
ˣؽ˵ˡ
ϧùüؽⶼҵģҪǴѲغ컨ˮֱӸɺȥҲͲнյˣͲѻʺҲˣպ˻ʺҲٻȥˣҪ֪Һĺӣԭң
ϧùãôôҪؽһҰ
ؽ޵
ϧù˵Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪȻѾˣ͸֪³վҵ³αؿ޿ģ
ؽ²˵ˣʣϧùã㲻˭Ļ֣ǱƱô
ֶū˵ūǿסģԣūȷʵв˭
ʺūжūС¿꣬ҵûʺ֪֮ڹҲ磬ū澾ˣҲҪΪʺҡ
ΪǾǻʺˣһơ
ϧùҲ£ֻ˵̽ʺϵûУūֻϣڻʺ֮ϣܲ£ȴū澣߻ʺū澲˱ɣǰġ
ǶȻǲܣôܻһԡ
ϧùپͲ˵ˣ˶ϧù̱ʣϧùõҲû˵֡
ȫ˺ۣѪ
͵ӣȥ͸Ѫ«һĿ
ϧùñ۾ӲǰֶûԹۣ͸岻һ
Ƶϣˣʡ
ƽܿһˣƿˣŴ乬ſ뿪
Σ֪·ˡ
طҲˣһһΣһλһΡ
˲Զ乬ﴫؽļ˻ϧùá
סתȥʱϧùѾˡ
˾վľͷţιӣ̷˵ϧùһˣôܵ
Ѫܵ壬ȫڵѪ
Ψɫ԰׵ĺˣƵˡ
ĥˣ
ϧùõͷ˫۽գϵѪ˳ճš
(δ)

ڶʮ ϧù

ƿſԭΪˣû뵽˵Ȼ³ԷǹţѺة࣬ƽܣʺ󣬷ǣةฮ
ǡ
忴ϧùã˵ϧùõʬڹգЧȡ

ƿŹһ£汻ŵˣ˶
ȥ죬ϧùõ屻ֱߣϻһʮּܵĴľͷ
ƿϧùôǰȥȶˡ
ϧùñߣ϶Ѫ
洫ؽ㣬ū澰ɣū±Ƶģū֪ˣūԸū澵ļ˰ɣ
忴һؽȻ㶼ЩҲԲ֤Ǿðɡ
ؽıӣҹ͢Ѳ񡭡ʬ塣
˵깬ǹˮūţ̷ӲͶơ
ؽһ±˹ȥܵŵԺܣ忴һۣתߡ
ſڿƣɫ԰ף񶼱ˡ
ִģҡͷ˵ʲô˵
ƣ뿪
ƽץŹ·š
ǲǺܿ£
Ƶͷ۾ܿµĹ塣
ֵǾҪǱµһ棬ֻҪѱõһסͺá

ðҲû˵ֱ﹬ſǰƲŻ̧ͷſڵŵϧùá
ΪʲôҪƲ˵ϧùǻϵˣȴΪ˻ʺ
˵˲ǱҪǸֱҲûǸˣԸȥøмǱȫ
Ʊ̫Ĺﰲã̫󿴵һѪȵҲû˵ʲô
ǲ̫˵
һᰲƹȥϵۣʱ԰һЩ
ȥ˷ǹʸոպתһЩĻʺƳ
ϵ۴ʱҲڣƳ֣Ź塣
ʻʺϧùؽ飬ʺֱ֪ʵ
Ƴ֣˵Щʲô
ϧùѾˡ嵭ȻƳӵɴЩ¡
˵ʲô
˵ϧùѾˣʱڹŵšɵȻ
ʺ˴㡭ôϣϧùøųѾˣȻǴСʶ檽ϧ뱾ʦѣôˣΪΰ
Ƴ£ϵ۰§ڻոС޻ӣˣҲΡ
ϵۿ壺ʰɣ˺뿪Ѿˣ¹ˣ޿㻹ǻȥɡ
лϣ飬ҪȲ尸ӲС
Ƴſ뿪ϵۿ壺˵ʲôϧùôйأ
ϧù˵ɵ˻ϵĶ裬˺ӣӣƵȥΪʺֵãǲɵĺӳԳŶָʹؽɣڻʺ󡭡
㻳ɱָʹϧùãʺȻһߡ
ϣ檼ļʣҲ飬檵ĺҲ˰
ʺ޵ˮϵס֣֪
ʺ󣬽ϧùõ飬ǲָʹϧùã
׷ʣʺҡͷǣ֪Щ飬һвϧùõģϧùòЩ˭вϧùã
ϣҪһ¹ڹϧùйصˣةฮ
ϵۿʺ󣺡ʺأ
ϣ㻳ɳ檣Ƴ۱ˡ
ϵҡͷ޲ɣֻǵģ²һһ˵ȥ
ƳϵۣãȥɣԸ⡣
Ȼˣȥ졣
ϵּةฮ
ϵתȥ
죬ŷةฮˣȷϧùֻǿɲ˳۲ô
պƻָһЩȥɺͻʺ
Ҳͷų
ʱ鼫ã·ȥ̫밲
ʱҲһɼûлĳ̶ȡ
Ƹִһ룬Ѽȥʺ
ʺ㲣ƵʱǰˣƷҩƳɨ衣
ʺҪúõЩ̲ĲƷʺá
ϧùʱôƳʡ
ˣûڹˡƻǺ¡
û壬Ϊͻ
Ƴ˵ϧùøܶˣζû뵽³ȥ֪ʲôطˣ
˵ӵιˡô˵ģǹʲôڣר˸طô
Ƴɫ԰ףӿž͸ˡ
ˣȥɡ
ʰҩ˳ȥ
(δ)

ڶʮ 뿪

뿪ǹϧùõӣǺȥϵۡ
֪Ƶĵ⡣
ĵţ˼æȥ칫칫ڳƣѾ첻Բˣôȥ˵á
칫˵ˣæ档
ϵۻ̧ͷ˵㾫

칫æȥ밲ƣƱҩǴһصĲƱڹơ
һƵرɫģűǺܴ󣬵źܺأ˭ĻɣƵְǸӣ˵ĸокö
ƴȥϣȥױġ
һ˶ó裬⹬￴ۺ˶ˣӲû˸˵֡
ãвһľǡ
ֻʵʵˣڹȥ
ֶΣϧùöϣʲôǲܵġ
ƽĵҩϵ밲ϵ۲Ž棬ſϵ칫ӵǰӷźˣһ̡
Ʋ⣬ϵ˵޽ˣɡ
ǡ
£˿̣һӡ
ϵۿ̣֪棬˰ʾ칫ȥһ֡
˵˵··תƿϵۣ϶֪һУֻл󲻽⡣
ϣǳӮˣܸ߳һô
Ҫûˣ
ϵ˵壬Ƽʤ
ϵ۳Ƭ̣ϧùԭȾޣʵǻʺһְţҪϧùãӶһ޵߿ޡ
֪ЩѡţһʼҪʺģǾãϧùȷʵܺá
޵ʹްл޵ѡ˵
ԸΪ˻ʺȥҲԸⱣޡ
εҲû뵽ʺô
֪ǻʺΪƵ֣Ȼֹ֪
֪ϧù˵жʱȷʵȥǻʺ˵ΪκŮӵĳֶʳˣʧȥҲ޵Ĵ
ֵĿϵۣϾһȴҳϴ
ɼλϲ֣ʱʱҪҷʡҪȻͲ
ֻǣ֪ϧùñȴ־ϧùãа취ϧùõģûоϧùá
̫ˣԭʹˡ
飬̫ߡ
ϻᣬǻеģֻҲҪ׾Ͳ˵ʲôˣһ䡣
ϵ۵ģΪһƳҲ御ˡ
ĸܲ׵ĳһŮˡ
ôϵЦЩɬ
׼ˣϵʣޣѵΪ˸ƽģ
Ȼ󣬵ǳΪֻϧùõ󡣡
ϵ۵ͷȥɡ
˳ĵ
칫Ͱ뿪˲ᣬ˵칫ڰ
칫һ£ͣƣһ͸칫ϧù뿪񵽵ģˮϴˡ
㣬һģʲôģ칫Ȼ¡
칫ְҽӹȥֱ
¿һۣ˿ǲ֪ɣ
칫ͷš
һȥɡƳų﹬칫һ·ȥ
û˵ĵط칫ͶڵصĿҲ̲סˡ
ƿŶᣬҲùʣ͸칫ѷ硣
칫ҿ޸ͦƿȥʣϧùָ˻ϵģѵΪ
ΪЩǲܵģ˵Щ
칫˵ϧΪҲŽġ
칫һᣬȻ㵵طʲô²ܷǿɼġ
ܸŰɣȥ͵ȥˣ˲ˣϣҲúõģ𹼸ϧùõһ壬ȥ˻Ҫ㣬ҩ࣬۾ͺˣ
칫˲Űȥ﹬
˵ط칫Żȥƿ칫Զתȥ̫
žͿһѪɫѵĹϳ񣬿վ
̫ڣƵǿˡ
밲ŰƵ
񡣡
ҩ£ʣүˣ
ǲǺ²ǰ̣ˣ.ľˣʱ渵ûİһۡ
Ϊʲô˵ôֱףһ㶼ö
ʲôģûü꣬ŵɡ
ʣĸأ
ĸЪȥˣոѾѰһˣ˵̫࣬ҪƻȥĸѾӦˡƵҩ䣬ֱŰƵֳų﹬ߣƸûвԸҲûôԸ
(δ)

ڶʮ ֪

Ӻǳȥ·ϲ˵һ仰ϧùӵȥˣ
ʲôڣ֪ѾôˣãشҲܴݡ
˵ȥڣ˵ѾιҰˡ
˵˵ûһ£ȷʵǼ̫ϧùõʬ˳ȥֻðȥ˵ûӵ̫Զ͸ڲԶĵطɽˣ˻
ƵĽŲͣһ£ʣǺأ
ûʲôˡ
Ʋţʬأ
Ű뿪ȥ˳ǣȥʮ·ơ
ڴ˴š
ǣү
ֻоƮ˿оʲôףߵĻľƣҿǰƵתȥҪŻˡ
æĻƸŹȥ˰ɽϡ
ȵ˫ҡأƸоƽˣתܣ֪᲻Ͼٶ̫ˡ
һᣬϵѪɫãŰѰƷ¡
ƱڹĻ㿴Χľɽϵһ磬ڰɽġ
һ·أǰһʯͷû֣ͺͺʲôûС
뿪ȥǿʯͷʣϧùõķأ
š֪뿴ðΣġ
Ҫһ·ôԶЩѡ
ƿ۹壬ȥĹ
Ҳûи֣ʵǿֱˣǿֱҪȥ˵ģֻв˵ĿԣдãԲûд
ʣֱ
Ժһٸ棬û֪ġ
ʷҲ٣ÿֻҪǰƿ˵ģ֪
ƿ۹壺ĪЩˣ
꣬Ȼ֪ģĪ͵Уȥ˵˵
ŰҪߣ˵һûԭ㣬ҪǰŪңֲ˵
Ǳһúñ֡
˵ʲôʱƶǶ࣬˼ϧùϡ
ҲϧùǾãֻЧҲڹܿ칫
⼸ʮѵ˵ϧùôδڹ
˵ڵʱѾУȻ뿪أ
ǿʯͷƺγΣǲҲϧùأ
ϧùöǽˡ
ɽȥʱʹ壺ɱϧùãϧù˭ˣûǲ㣿
ҪǴǣǲúˣֻ֣ܶ»Ҫ˵ô
Ͷ࣬Ҳٹˡ
֮·ԼߵģôŵȻҪ˵ǣЩһЩ˼˾ͻждһԴȺ֮Ҳпܵģ԰ƵſôȥӦЩ鷳
ʱ򣬰һµʱ򲻽¡
ү˵⹬ĺס᲻ǰں沿ģ
Ȼ۾ŰɽɽˣʱϢҲȷʵࡣ
йϵǱȻֻ޷עҳڶֶ࣬һţҲҪʱ䣬ƣ԰ﱾ룬ôһľ
ƣҰɱˣ
֪Ǵ򡭡ҽҽְǾˣô֪һǾ˼ǧأ
˵׽ɽǻϵģȻܸˡ
Ƚ˶ӾǶĳʲôģ
ŰƵĶϿȥƻŶЩ
ѵǻԸңʶ뵽ˡ
ҲûǶģ͸øˣ뱾֪˵˭ƫƫǶģ˸ĻģʣµЩأ˭Ļʹ
ʺӲǲ´Ҷ˵Ǳ˵ܵ˸࣬˵ĻǾͲǻʺĴɽñ㻳˻ϵĺӣⲻɺϣƺɣ
ףôʲô֪
ڨڨһЦ֪ĶȥˣͱƣͲ֪
⻹в֪㶼ҿ͸ˡ
ǱˣΪʲôܵƣÿλ͵͵ģű±֪
ޱ֪꣬岻öԸû뵽ôС֪ˡ
ô֪ΪʲôҪ͵͵ļңȻ֪ˣǾ˵Ҳܷôȡ
ȥƲ˵ǻȷԹ˼ȻѾȷҲͲԥ
ӽϵۿʼܲʺ飬ǹﻹһܵ鶼˹塣
˵갲ƳһڳҲǲԸҴŵ
(δ)

ڶʮһ ˭

ȫ˵깬ʣô
ƿһ㶼Żع񣺡㶼֪
·ţ⿴۰˵ҲǹûˣлȻҪġ
ң
ǱƣҪںȥᣬҲʲˡ
Դʺ¶飬ڲˣ鵽ЩҲ
ƿŹһ£ûѶԸˣû֪ˡ
ʣʲôʱȷҲǰƵģ
Ͳ֪ˣ౾֪ġŰƵ°̧
ϲһΣѱ޿κεӣгɾ͸С
Ҳ֪ʺĶǼٵģô֪ģ
Цⲻ۵ף֪
ƳжҲ޻˵
ƿԵ㶼˲
뿪尲£ЩСεƤӣڴţҲ
˶˵żһۡ
ƳƵʣȻʲô֪Ϊʲô
ֻ֪ǰģЩվںˣԱŻҪ롣
ѹ֣үɵǰ
ϧܿҪˣȻǿץʵġ
ץˣ
ץץôʣ
Ѿ޻˵ſ˯ˡ
忴˯ҲϢ
ʱžڻ￴ˡ
Դӳ˺ϲ迪ʼһֱܺãʲôܳˣҲˡ
κֵǺܻϲһ¡
ҲΪ£̫⼸նԾҲ㲻
رǵ֪һ鶼ǾΪ˼
ȥǽ㲻ԣҿ㻹ǻȥһúչ㣬鲻ڷһλֲ
κվһţһֻϻſڴǰ˵Ǿ˶¡
֣أʵҲҪչˣκһֲٳ飬ҪҪκ֣˵ʲôҪʹκ֡
κ룺Ҫ̫УȷʵЩ㡣
Ǿʹĸɡ
⼸ɫתǳһ⣬ҵ˼Ҳûа׷ѡ
ֿߵľǻذɣ˹ĸ㡣
̫ҲǣܲܳŵϱҪסżңϲ˵ҲҪЦġ
̫Ӧ˻ض飬Ҳ˺ͺҪʲô飬ҲͲˡ
뿪ʹ˽˻ȥǰ֮Ҳǰ㲻ģϷ˼Ѿͷ˵һ˶Ͱ˵ĺԺһ飬˳۵ҲԼʰһ£ڷˣֱӴӹ͹ÿ춼ʵġ
Ժʲôʲô㣬ӶǹԼġ
ҲûܸıľģҲա
ǶһУζӳ¡
Ƕ̫ˣҲᷢ顣
Ϣ˼죬͢Ҳּ⣬¹ɱѪȣһһú÷ʡ
ƿʥּүҪģ
šһΪȻǿ۰ƵĶӣҲܵģЩǺĶӣܳʲôĿģûʺΪãһԵٿȵ۵ĺ
ȵ֮ɱЩʵھʾˣʹ׽ˣһı
ǴĻô꣬Ѿɹһ룬ĺӡ
ϵֻҪЩ˾ͻ˼˵ϣϾ
ֻҪûãǾлᣬΨһİʯǶ
ø˵ˣǰǵ·ˡ
ǲڴˣҲǿܵġ
ϵۣӣλֻܴ׵ĺˡ
Ȼóõӵ飬ʲôǲԵġ
ϵѾʮˣʺҲǸʵɼǻܣҲҪ컯
·ֻһ
ϵ۰˲Ը⣬Ҳô
Ψһ׵ıǣʺ󵽵˭ָʹ
ΪʲôҪһ顣
үô죿ѵôˣܲԴаɡ
Ȼܣɰţ⼸ƲҪˣڸоЩҩͳɣ汾Ҫȥ۲۲졣
үĿˣ
ĿûУЩ˸òȸ֣ӦȶԶֲŶԣ
͢Ͽ£ѾʼҪΪˣϱȻϣǾͻȻԽɽΪء
ǿɲô࣬ҪĶȥˣʱֻǸı䲻˴ǵľġ
ϾѶȻһŭ»λѡ˱ȻǱ
Ƕ
(δ)

ڶʮ ˰

ƾ㵣һŴǵضŴҪ˸סЩˣһ˴ġ
ȻǶһоҺ͹лңҼһȫرеĴ󳼲ɵӣȻʵճ򣬷ǵ򲻵ѣҲǱ
үĻλ¿Բ⡣
ˣҲſͶڧԱϲȥλĵһȻټΪʴ
Ҫɨϰ֪һʼҵջõӦõ³
ƣñݾ顣
ʶҹһزһǶȱ࣬һ㣬űˣϡǵãӺǿɰԲԲֻȴΪվڳرˮˡ
ʱͶˣĸһҹˣӲײڴʯͷϣĳޣ
Ʊŵһ֮ĸӣ
ţĸ˫׹⸡֣ȻʲУ˵ɱãҪҪһһҪǷµʼҪ
үЩкôģ
ɫֺ⣺ŷݣ䵽˼ɽϣȥˤˡ
ˣ
ţˡܼᶨ
뿪ҡҡͷͲˣǺģǴӼɽϵˤģҲиʱ䣬οһˤġ
ô¡
ҧҧҪɱǣҪѪծѪ
תүͬĸֵܣ
ĻҲУȱ˼꣬ǳʹ͸˹ԭǹȹĸĸæȻҲͬģҲֵ֪ܣҼá
ջҲԼ˱ȥΪ͵̫ˣûȥʱ򣬾Ϳ԰ļɽ棬ˤ֣ʱСŶûУҲӣʮ꣬ˤˡ
ʣô
ƿ弤һ§סӣү
ǣŭ
˵ΪǵĺӣǸøۡ
֪ˣҲڶԣ׼׼ŽҪ顣
û£ҲٽԻȥˣ㿴ҩĿûʲô⣬еĻãûо͵ȥˡ
ڼأΪ˰ƻе¡
ȻϲɺأһˣܲøŮźӣѾѡʮˣòпۡ
ƵҾͿÿӴһ˵ġ
վһƣʲôأ
Ҳ֣ʲôأ
ܼæŸƵ߽ͣⲻô˵СˣźС㣬ֽء
ƲЦ磺һΪǸѡϱأ
ֱߵǰһҲûмӣʲôĿҲҲû˵ðʲôɣ
ֱסòˣ̧ͷŮ˵ˡ
Ҹźôڰ֣ʾ˶ȥԺ徻
ΪʲôҪźңⲻô㿴ôٿǲͦô
һ˵ǰ˵˾䣺ǡ
ûһѾͷ˵ģͲҪ˵ˣ˵ء
£ʣΪʲôһҪźң
ҲΪʲô˵̫źƲˣŮҲ࣬ҲӣҲ̫ʹ͸ӣȥҲ̫磬չ㡣
ҲûиӣһŮ
Ҫͨ˼ң˵ģƲУŮ٣Ǵүǣֻˡ
ƵǺܸж㲻õңߵ˲ӲģһЩ֪ʲô·ˣģҪûмЧĵˣ뼸ٸҲͽ͡
ϸһŮĻ˵еǰͷ
ƣ㲻չˣô죿Ҳȥ
ƺЦİɣǿ϶ᰲŵģͲòˣŮǿҩĵģҪûʲô¾ȻȥµĻŵһᡣ
֣ʲô£
Ҳû̫£үְˡƵܼһŻعЩƵĵ˵ͷ˫һ
úõĻôָˣˣ
ֱֹܼǰһͦˣͦõģҾ˵ڼչҲģ͢Щ㿴Ҳ˳ҿ㲻˳ۣҲǿϣװ£ƢҲãв˳ľҪײǸ취
͢¶챻ˣôȥ˵ãͲؼҿ㡣
ҲãھͲˡ
Ʋ죬ôôˡ
(δ)

ڶʮ һ

һ㲻ѹôŮҪǿǺģ
ЦǺǵģʲôģ׬ٺ»ûеĶ࣬õĴҲɵĶЩ˵飬Ҫ㣬͸˵ˡ
ƿһᰲôһˣǴ޵ġ
ԭһûôõĵϧ
Ǿϧɡ
Űһᣬ³˸ȥˣȻְˣôˣ˵òײ˼ȥˡ
һˣҲϲ㣬Ҫǻȥ㣬ͰѵҲϡ
꣺ˣһʲôҸʵݡ
һͲˣҲȥˣֱӾˡ
Ŵӽȥ
·Ͼǰò˸վˡ
æ˸ӣá
Ҳãأʣ֪ѾͷʵڣΪҶģͰѰƸסˣ˵ʲôҪðƽȥƾ͸ѼϼƵģһ߽жһ߱˽ȥ
żĸʲôƵģͲȥˡ
ʹãءӲǵס˶ŷ֡
æ˵ӣ߾ˣְ
˵𻰺ͺƶ
Ҳ֣ҿҲӣҲû
Ҳžǣ߰ɡ͸ŷƵģŰƽȥȥС
Ҳ޿κΣһ·˽ȥ
ȵ棬ƱХ
ϾǵһƵһᳵ·ĸо
ſվŽʿ·ŮͲʮңųǹ񣺡ʿ
ţܡ
Ůʿһ̵ԲӾȲѣæ˫ֱǹмӵ񣺡²μ
ƱһûӦ
˸Ӳˣ˵;Ĵҵüʵҵ֮ҡ
ǧŪҶýȥˡβѣֻ˽ȥ
밢˽ȥǼʶˣȷʵڶҪԼı
Ժ٣һμʶ˹ʵǾ˶ࡣ
ССٵжʮˣԺ˵Цæ顣
ˡ
ô˶˴̼ĹһֱԴһȫˢˢŤͷƣѰŵӲûҶͣͲǰˡ
֪ڹ׹֪ĻΪǶǳˡ
˼֣εЦЦλ
ˡ
ˡ
ԺȻһȺߴߴİѰΧסʵѰŸᡣ
𶯣Ƕ𶯣Ҽˣ
һȺͣ£һơ
쾭壬ûʲôġ
ǹŮӣǻˣȥ̵ġ
ƾе̫ˣͺŮûʲôֱġ
ӣǰèһˡ
˵ǱȻǿһڽţȷʵǸʲô廨ͷĺܣСĵǡ
ģʵߣҲţ˭Ѿͷôˡ
˼ҵĵϻһ㡣
Ŷ㿴ңҿ㣬˵ʲô˲
λҳĴ࣬δλȥүصĻΰӣΪ治Ǳ˴ˣǱˣȻΪ°ˣȽϽ飬ǿҺͰ㲻ܽ飬ȽϺãĴȻҲ٣ȴٳ¡
ŮҶ派ӣƭϵ˵ͳһбͬĿ⿴Щ޳
ÿ洫Ǹɱ˲գۣ˲¹ͷħͷԭġ
Űƿȥôݺүô
˺ܶóԵĶһԣ˵˵ôƽʱǲ㣿
ǲ㲻˳ۣǾߵ̫ˣԲ㿿
࣬κ͵˳ŰƵĻͷʾȷ£ҸͬˣһƽѾͷ̫塣
ǹĹӿǺƢ㲻ǹ˵ܼ޸ءһѾͷԲѣɰŻˣβѵҡͷ
û£Ҹ粻ǿҲǹĵôҸ϶ϲģҸ硭
ƾʲô簡Ҳи硣
һһ䣬Ҫˡ
ƲǱߣ鷳ˣʲô˵
ǼʶˣǼʶƵƵڰ޿ɺ
·ϣûаƲܵ顣
Ǽʶ˹ı£һԺȫŮ˰
Щ˼ٻйһ̵̣Ļڡ
(δ)

ڶʮ β

룬ء
͸°Ƶģ밲ƽȥ
ߣӣ͸жһ
ȥ氲˿˹ȥ
ڴ·˯ͷˣĺܣܳԡ
κֿæ񣺡
񡣡
㡣˾͸Сһ޲÷ɱƵǰ˵ĸʲôƵġ
ŵ㣬Ҿһᣬæġߣ¡
æʰãߵߣ̴̵ʣôʱң
һҳԷ·һỹ¿Ҫߡưѻȷ£֮ǲһֱ±ˡ
˲ΪȻκ֣һԵӣԡ
һӰƾ뵽ˣطҲлġ
ӾãҳҲãùңһҪء뿪һ°ƣ
㣬󡣡˫ֽǰ߾ͷ
ƿе㺦£طܶ࣬һһǺܴһͶһ㶼Ϊ
ҡ
Ʊŵ
ʲô˵ɣɷҡƲ˿ˮ䣬¡
κ֣ȥҺ˵仰ͺá
κֵͷȥˡ
Ƶ˲ſʼʣ˵ɡ
㣬ȥĹ֢֪ɺãǰ˵Ƶǲ졣
úõģΪʲôҪأƲ⡣
ԥһ᣺ǰ棬ҺϲأǶҵģҲ֪ͼǸˡ
ϲʱܣĺϲңȻ񻹲֪ˡ
Ʋ֪ǸΪ˵ˣǸΪż
ȻĿģѵˣ˭ºӣ˭Ƕˣ
ҼǵãҲûʲôһϲң̫ۣкܶţҿɲԸȥЦӭȥǣô˵Ҳ˵ģǲӽˮˣȥǣ
˵ҲǶǸҾҵХ治ȥ۲Ĳ
ӣҽ̸ϣЧҴǺܺ
ƺȻĵ˵ͷǺܺá
ʣͬŮˣ㿴˼ؽΪξûУ
ҲգͰһء
ҰԣһΡ
лл㣬һξͺãκ˾УʱͶ˫.ɣҲԱҵĺЧһϺʹˡ
˵ĿƵͷ
ɵӼûôɵˣ
á
⣬ζӳµһЦ
תûȥˡ
ƴХߵģҲøðΣʺɵˣȻеʱ䲻֪ΪʲôЩҽֻǰ˵ʱǰƣһǲһġ
ʺȻˡ
ܰѾҲκã˵ǰԼκˣЩûãԾҲûãֻ˵⡣
ʺҲòҲã֮¶һαˡ
ƹߵĲ죬Ǽףߵı˭졣
ƸںҪ߶ˣƻûȵǰԺſڣͱˡ
ߡ
סƣƻЩģôҲû뵽뿪˻Ǿ
ԥһ£ʣ£
ʶһȻ֮ЩޣұϾ沣֪ҽ˵ֻʧƽˣҲܸһЩ棬ҡ
ѻ˵ϣʲôǲ׵ġ
뵽Ѿͷլʺ񣬰˳ɶǾ˼
ҰƹҲ촰˵
˼ԭ˵βˣҲûϣܺãѾУǲңҶΪǰκˣܰκãǲ˵Ҳܰκã
ԥһ£ô˵
ǺãңҲлӵԼĺӣϰңԸ㡣
˵žҪ¹򣬰˵
ǰžûйȥ
˵Ȼ沣ֻҪúõңұȻӲܣοҲ֮С
Ʋô¶һĨΡ
ѵбˣ
һʣû˵Ҳûڵ¡
˶һᣬȿڣȻӦҾͷˣȥﻹ
ȲҪѲκá
ֻõӣĺӵײǵӣֻҪ֮ǰȰѺһжļ
ƿ⣺ȥȻǲģҲҲģϾӡ
Ӷ࣬ҲûҪΪ˸ˣˮƯ棬ǲǣ
(δ)

ڶʮ 򹷿

һ죬˵͵ӵ飬ûг壬˵Щӵ飬е㲻ˡ
֪ӵȥ˭ԭǵˡ
ƿžˣŲˡ
߰ɣȥ㿴ø㿪ӡ
Ǻ޼ˣ˶ˣ˶ٷӶûãһֱûкӣҲ˵ĹȥϾҲûУô˵ҲйһΡ
˶ˣûУôͣ
ԿηȥͲʲôˣҲ顣
롣ţԭӣ߹󲻿ַûı䣬ӻ˻ΣǸ˰ˡ
žӣƾͲܡ
뻹ˣһϲ̨棬ֻŮ˼ʶ
Ժߣ˳žѰ뵽ƫĺϲá
ټĶﻹҪƫģ֪ʲô˵ˡҲõ
ǺЦӰ͵סЦȴַ顣
©ݵĺŪ񣬰Ѱһر͵һĲֵ
ߵļѾҲѧﳰ
죬֪Լû˹ز˵ġ
ƿɲǹ߲˵ˣ㲻ҲˣҪң͵óͲС
˵ˣþߡ
Ҳ½˵ϲӸƽľⶫҲǺõĲˣ˵һҪǧõõģƽ˵һã·һҴţƽã˵Ǻÿ
쿴磬ҪȻǲǡ
һ˦Ʋ˲֣Ӹң򹷻ÿأҲ˭ĵطӻҪģӶ࣬ǾӶģⶼԺô⣬ӵ⣬һ󲿷ֶԶЩƹ񣬷ʲôģǲҪ˱ķ룬Ǹ
һĺܣסӣ̸˸ӣū澸ⲻˣǿˣ䵽ǰˡ
ģ˭ǹأ
˵˵ңһ᱾˲ҩҪˣһζζҩҪʱŪˣûԺóˣ˱
ǣūһúõ󣬳Բġæ˵
һ԰ףļѾߴʱҲЦˡ
ƿƵˣ˵ɣ㿴
ˣɱˣҪӣΪʲô˳ȥ
Ƹϣɨࡣ
ǹǾܹˣӹˣ
ʣǲСʱܹˣ
ưַſʾһֻ֣֣Сʱ򣿡
ǵСʱܹˣ˵ʮʱô
㣬ӦǸСһЩɨ赽ľǺСʮ겻㡣
һ£Ҳǵã㵫˵޷
㹬ȷʵУӹˣûΣǱε˼ǵӹǸԲңǸЩֵļѹӵӹӹװӵĵط泤ġ
㻳еĻҪ޸ӹУҪġ
һ˻ȥŰƣҪң
Աɣ˵ʲôνǲܹ㲻ʣС㲻ǵãĸ׸ס
ԾڴˣվҿһŷӸ㣬רι֢֮ģ뻳еĻȫû⣬ֻпΣգӻΣա
īдһŷӸԣֽ֢֮űůţҲ¶Ȳãȵʱ
ԣŵùҡ
ҼȻӦƲȻ᲻㡣
˵ţҲ˳ȥİѷӸһ
Ǻޣʲôġ
Ƴֱſڣ͵ſڲŻȥƺͺ߻ȥҰƣôصĶɲҪ
㡣
ҶŪˡ
ƿۣŰɣͦϲģһȥ·Ҳ㣬Ҫ͸㵱ױ
ôã
æվţ׵ˡ
ʣʲô
·˵ҪǧӣҪһǧƽ˵ٵģЩҶȥġ
ǣ㲻һ˭ߵˣ·ȻǴϵģûǮˣӲԣˣҲɡ
ޣ㲻ô
֣Ϊʲô
ûأ㶪ˡЩڡ
(δ)

ڶʮ ˭ı

ƵüͷһңȻҵѾͷǵݶƽȵģҲ˭պܷɻڴܴԹҲǶֻҪǲң彡ܳ͹ˡ
ȶҲΪұƽĺãҲ𡣡
Һޣæ˵лл
ƿȥûϢ»ޣֻҪסҵˣҾͲκ۸ǣ۸Ǿ۸ңҾͲá
ʦ˵۸ҿԣ۸ҵˣУ
Ľ˵ĻЦ¡
ǵһγȥԷи˿嵥Ϊ۸һ£ûᣬϾ鷳Ҫȥùҹ
ĽݿˣĽȥǸ˴ĸ첲ȶˡ
ԷĽݣ
Ľݾô˵ġ
Цʲô
Ϊôˣ̲ס
ûʲôʦˡ
ʦʲôӣͷӣͷףӺܳô²
ҡͷᣬӢ˲
ߡбӢˣ䲻һ飬ʲôʲôôˣ
̧ͷͿվڶ棬õĿ
˫۾īƵĶŰƣЦȻӢҾ˵˵
˵˵Ƥˡ߽һ°Ƶ֣ȥ߬
㻹Ҷ㣿ǲ̫۸ˣ

ƾᣬ۸
һⳡ棬˭ҲˣתϾˡ
ʣ°ƹ¾սƲող˺ôһŤͷˣ̫ûƷˣ
Ȼѣĸ
ЦҾһ˵
ˡ§סƣǲãھȻˣˣ
ðɣ㰮ôô룬ֻʵʵ˵ҧҲҲ֪Ϊʲô
Ҫߣ巴ˣߣˣ˼Ƶĺܡ
һȭͷ޻ϣȴָ˻ģˣ
Ҫ߹岻ãһһȥƱŪˡ
ۡƺſ
ã㣬ɱǲģ
˵꣬֡
ƿһ۹壺˵ûֻż뵽һЩ飬ҲŲ¹ȥ
ûйȥơ
ƿ˿ǰɣԺĹɲԣ
ǲ룬Ҫ뱾ŰƽߣƲĸţսˡ
ûа·ǰһ£һֻ࣬ãŰƵ͵һ£Цݸ֣ˬʡ
ûĿ۹͸вƵģúԼˡ
ơ
˼ʾá
ʣʲô
ȥˣ
ʣ֮ʲôûзһ
Ͷء
ȥˣ·˽ȥƲƽϣһľ˵һ顣
ͣ£ˣ
š
ߣĴָ֡
ҪȻУƲƲҪǹʹǲ˵ԼڿԼ
һﾪˣƻȻһξѡ
滵
ƻ˵ʲô
ҲȻȥ
˼乬춼ȥʲôˣ˵ȥһ죬ûԡ
һ̴ȥԷ
Թ˾ȥϢ
˽ţתһȦȥ¥˵顣
ƺ͹棬йӸɹ裬Լԣֻܳԡ
˵˵飬סӹ⻰Ҳ˵
ûסߵĹ壬Ŀƽ鵭Į
˵һ֣˵ĺᡣ
ܽһ£ƹȵܴ֮ϣ˰
֮ңƽϢ
ƴӲ¥뿪ȥ·ʣүǵôô󣬸ڲ¥˵Щ£
ȵûнֹ˵ںҪ֪֮ȷ£Ȼ˵
ѹ֣
ƵǾãҲΣǲûл·ˡ
үʵ֪Ѿˣ㻹ʱ׼οôûôҿҲûлˡʲô˵ʲô
ʣν⣿
үСʱΪСӥҪɱĻʱʣûҵõĻᣬкã
ˣǱ̫СûüûѱʱҲԪˣʱϵĻᡣ
ʱǱնݳǰѱնݳ
Ȼˣүڵʲô
һĻᣬû֤ݣĺڻʹﰲ˲ˣڱҲûС
ʺһ϶롣
Ҫҵǵһơ
ҪǸˣǱҪҵˡ
ֻǲ²͸˭ˡ
ǰеˣ
(δ)

ڶʮ ˶

ҡͷǣӦһˣֻϧֺ׼ֻҪ鵽ЩʲôǱȻѲ鵽͸󱣻
û취ȥǸܵ˿ǣܵҲǣͲò顣
ѾѵһЩһƹһеˣ˲ǱҪҵˡ
֮ͷҲֻһĳ档
ޱ꣬Խѣôıʲôսһ
˵үȥЪţջҪȥҳͷء
š
ڶһ簲ƽӵϢ˵Ƕ
ƴҩ䣬ȥ˶
ſڵŰˣһ³Ϳſʶׯĵţ˵ͷˣ
ƲҪʲô۶ӣ͵ȳˡ
βɣҩôֱ⣬˺ߡ
˵ˣֽȷʵů˺ܶࡣ
ңҪ㿴Ҳ뵽ˡ
ҲȫǺҩм£Ѿ˻˾չҵ˵ȷʵʱˣʱϰ䣬ӱһӶˣ˰£ԭΪҪˣҲˣҰûˡ
ǲˣӦþꡣƲܺ;ʲôڣҽѧϻġ
롣
밲ƽȥƸȥ˳
һ£˵ҩͳɡ
׼ߣҲվ
ͣ£ת˸ӸƣģҲǷ飬͵ǻˡ
ƿۺӣҾͲˣǷⲻȥ͸ӰɣұȽϲӣ࣬ҳһǧ㹻ˡ
һǧЩȻթ
ѵһǧֵƴӳȾ˵᲻Ǿˣˡ
߾ӺųĺӷŵƵǮ⣬ҵ㲻Ҫ˾ǡ
ת˳ƿۺӣ򿪿һķΣó£ļɫãǺöֻϧƲϲֿϣͰηŵһߡ
Ҫ˭Ҫ˭Ҫ
뿪ƻȥһˣƾ͸оЩѣΣʱ򣬰а³ûòԣϳȥƿӣͿţһ̲Ѫ
ŵþʧ룬
תܳȥˣ˳Űȥ档
ϹܼҿѪŵ޴룺ү㺰ү
˻Żȥҹ壬ȹƿƵѾ˺ܶѪܸҽҲܺǲˣŰƿ϶û£Ҳûˡ
ǿס񣬽Ƽæ˹ȥһסƵֳϿȥɫѾȾˣֱĿġ
ܸҽæ˵ү԰һû¡
Ҳŵæңû£ǵġ
֣˶˳ȥŹϹѰƴӴϱѪȡ
Ʋ԰׵ڹļϣǿһЦЦĸ۵еᡣ
ҪɱǣҪɱˣưȻ
Ƶüͷ˶ŬҪѹϧû
оۣšһطȥ
۵Ŀû֪
ֻһĺӡ
ôŰƣƱ˼ʱ΢еů
彫˷¡
ˣȥͶƲҲ
һ°ɫѣʱѾȾ˴ѪɫⰢȥ졣
ӽϾ͸ˡ
Լκˣž
ǲ£಻˺ôˣ
˵ԺƵŴ򿪣һѪ£ޱ˳
һָʣôˣ
帺ֶݱ䣺ƽȥ˶Σȥʱúõģ·£ϵѪģҲ֪ôһ£ʶѪô£
һοݣĺǻһˣ˿־塣
Щ£һ̫ῪЦˡ
ЦʱЦֶ˵ã챾ĿϾӡ
˵һӣΣʣѾڣ»Բѣ޶֤ˣ޹ȻܰΡ
ɫһ󽥰ģ
үôƾ޾ݣⲻ߼޻ôүѵ㲻ųô޵Ҽס֣壬ҲΪѡ
»᲻ʲô᣿
ȥ˵ɱˡ
ˣ
ѱĽ岽ƽŵþʧ롣
ѽӸ壬һס
֮վȱ˶ϣձҵ˶ϡ
(δ)

ڶʮ Ų

壬վסǱҪãҲǱãûʸ񡣡
ѽŹ磬ͬˣȻҲڣƳƺİǣȴ𱨣ԲƣҲԲӡ
ö㿪ȡ£Ȼ
忴˵ĶӣʶֻŶӣһȻȡ߰ɣǷµҪģο⺢ұҲ֪ôģ㣬װס
֡
ǳ⣬ݺݵһˣκæŲȥ档
ʱκǰʱˣ֮ҪȻأĳЩˣԺò١
Ȳˡ
ѽŲǰǱȥ
壬㲻Ҫ̫ǵʲôΣȥʱúõģ𵹴һˣ㵱ʲô
㱾Ҫˣõֶôȥô
ôô˵εĺ͸ڳģǿΣűӡ
ŭ΢УҪˣɱ㱾Ȼȥ
үŶߣתȥ
㣬κӵ治ģĿ棬ĿϾһ˿
ʶЩ㵣ôˣ
㣬Ǹεĺӣǲģش𣬼ʻ
ҡͷү㲻ų
ֱ޵ļ
ͷ֪ˣȥ齻
ͷתæ뿪
̫ˣⱾҪģʱҲòܡ
ĶӣҪ׷ȥתס壺Ҫɱ˳ȴӱϹȥ
Ϊң
ǲңǱñ˵һ߶һѵӣһ.ؿڡ
Ѫ˳ؿŵԲү
磿
Ľ£Ҳû뵽ôһʱЩ㵡
ǰסĿȾŭҪôͿ
ǡˣҸΣ
Щ飬Ҫȥֱۿڼϣתȥ
˼æţκҲŻˣʱκǿס񣬳˵ȥ̫
ŮææˣŹţŵһߵĴϣ򿪹·˿ڡ
Ѿ˽ȥĿġ
忴˿ĹͿ
Ǻǡǳȥ
Ȼ˵Ļôĵݡ
ŭȥ
˶ߣȴôϡ
ô죿
κֻð˴ȥ
ŹϹ˵Ҹ.
ס֣Ըܣˣǿܡ
֪ᣬҲɵǲ
˵ʲôĿ䡣
Ц˵Ǹˣڡ
ɫԽѿΪһŮ˲ֵá
ûлش𣬵һߵİ˵ô
쬵ģƾ͸һһѹһ
ȥɫ׵ˡ
סӣ䲻һǰһû˷ӦûС
һͣ磿
ƲѪڹؿڣҲֻԣо˵Ч
˿ڳѪϡ
ƺɣܿóҩŵҲȥȥǳǱߣ·ȥš
ȥң»һˡ
벻ŵһᡣ
Ҳܿ죬۾ΪԼˣְ
ʱ͵ȵĲͷˣȥǳرߣƣֻͣ߶ΪŮ˲ֵãΪֵá
ϣ·ϣ˿Ѿȫˡ
֮ǰѪȥǳſڣ޷лɲԸ⡣
һǳſڳ֣뵽ƵûãʱƢ
ҳȥ
лһ
Ƿԡĵطȳȥɡ
룺ǿˣȥνͣ

ɫѲҪŲˣ
ҲǣܲñôȥȻᷢ֡ʱȥԾҲ¿ˮ̡
˵ΣѲ㻹Ҫȥǳأ
ûǸ˼ɱûоá˸־ĺҸ㲻ңҲ㣬ֻزȥֻ㸮Сסˡ
Ժիһֱţĺˡ
˵깬תȥµŰơ
ţʲôʱˣǳҲһ£ϴɾ˾ߡ
Ǵˡ
(δ)

ڶʮ ݾ

忴һ˵ˡ
˿˽ȥģ峯ˮԡˮµİƿ
ʱƱĿˮб
ˮֱߵƵߣ§
һʱƲص档
Ĺ壬üǵǣҲûк⡣
ֻǿڹļ˵̫֮࣬һһѲʱǧҪҪ߻ħҪɱˣǲҪġүֻûҡ
ᡣ
岻˵£ˣҲûʲô˼ˡ
ƿһ᲻ԸµĹ壬ϣ˵ˡ
ϴͿǴϵĹѾ˯ˡ
ҲˣȻ˯ˡ
ˣ׼ԡͰѾˣ׼ҩԡ
˵ˣתȥ׼ľͰ
չ죬ƴһɫʵӣһֻĿŶŰƵˣЩл㱣˵ʲôת
ӣҲá
תſȸβӴһ߾°ɫĹӳա
ת۽ȥʵҵİƣ˰ľͰŪڵˮ
ȥɡ
˿ţ֪ʱʲô
Źϣֻͨһ㱻ľͰ棬ֱ˽ȥ
ͣͲҪˣš
תųȥ˺棬Űȥʵһ¡
ʲô
֣ƴʱڷƿƿ޹޵ģ֪ʲô
Ҳûʲô֪Ķʲôб޻
ƴûŴطֶν壬ں޲ж
Դ˽ⶾϵͳѾˡ
һŮӣôôĶ
벻ͨ
վһţƼһ֣֣ĶҴû
һŪĶ
ҺӵʱѾ˻ɣҴ򿪿һ£ҷֵʱѾˣҵʱиоҪֹͣѪҺѾת䣬ָ˺һƤм
һ£Ϻ϶иطжġ
жԿ϶תȥ塣
Ϊʲôô϶֡
˵ǸˣӦҲˣû£˵ûֻжתȥҶ
ʱѾ·ˣȻǹ·ǵҲܺʡ
ֻܸоһ·ֱơ
ǲʲôʱʼ˼ŵˡ
ȥ
ҪȥիһǱˣܼκˡ
ô㣬ˡ
嵹ûиϻֱӿڣεĺ
šҲҲûԥʲôߵһߣˮѺ˳
ȥɡ
ƴӺŰɫӣѺӽ˹ȥϸĿһ£תȥˡ
۰Ƶķ˵һʲô֤ѾһΣϣҪ
ɣ´αͲôˡ
ȥƣǡ
ʱųһ˺κǰ
أ
Ѿ޴ˣǿݡ
ûɱˣǱˣ󣬸ոת
ҽȥ
Ҫȥ¡
ʱ㲻ܽȥ忴κ֣Ѫ̫أƲУ׽ȥտ
κֵͷūˣ̫ոּҪ빬˵ǸһΣ
ѾӦ׷飬̫δã档
ǡ
κֻͷ۹һλ֣˵ͷ֪ˡ
ɨû£סի
κֻȥ
һа׵˸ж飬˳ȥ
ȻתҪƭҽȴʲô¡
λҽعǹڻⷣ
̫˾̫͹ϷһͬϷ˿ںϲϲδ
̫Ǵ߾ȥ̡ܽ
̫ͣ͵̫ĸϣΪޡ
֪ɲס顣
̫Ų
үذɡ
ֲãӻڳȰ⣬ֻҡҡͷ
ϵȻˣΪƭ̫õӰؿƣһӣҲһЩѪ
һؿѪתæȥһ̫
(δ)

ڶٰʮ μӼľ

̫վڻſڿŶ棬ǺΣ⺢ӴСͶغʵΪ˾ɼĺϲҲܿھ
ӣ񣿡
ˣ˵ٸһλᣬþ̵̫͹ȥڶλʱıְɣͨҲһʱϹ
Ʋ
סڹЩɡ

ӵ̫Ŀͣ˿Щʵ֮УֻΰЩǱɵˣﻹеģĴã˵Ѿˡ
лĸл
ֿ۾˵ء
ת뿪Ҷ˿ֵ˵ͷָ˸ӣūˡ
ߣת滪̫һúý̵
ġ
뿪Ҷ˿۾Įȥȥţʲôʱˣʲôʱ
˵һ£찲ƲŷӦ뵽ЩʲôΪλˡ
ʱĿ飬̫ʦΣ̧۰ƣŷ¡
˶λעѪȷˣҪͲüȥ
̫Ʋϣѹ£ҲϣӲ¡
֣ʲô˼
λСɱĲģԱ˽⣬ȻҪоĳȣҲڵ졣
һλͻ᲻ϧһд۵ķʱƲĺ¡
ƷͷȷʵҪȾȣôıʣһŮӣڹ޿Ȼһ˼ûҲǵһˡ
˼δظ㿴õֻҲĺܣҪȥֻܷŴһ㡣
ʣ֪ô£Ǿ֪٣ؽʱϧùð鶼˵˳ϧù˵ؽϲƽܣ
̧ƣ˵ʲô
ڹ϶үѹŵģؽ鲢δϸʣǱ˺˵ˣмһֱûʣؽǱϧùвô
Ҷϧùúؽ˽⣬ؽһֱϧùã˵ġ
ⱳϧùʲôŶԡ
̣Ƽ
Ҳµûؽ֮ԺΪˣϲͬһˣΪ֮ģŻ´
ؽ׷ĪȫΪһ˽ģŻẦһСǲǣ
忡Ц⣺Ǻ£ϲƵĴһ˿⣬ܱһ
̫˱ֵģͲҪµġ
ư˹һۣүҲкµ£
²ڣǾڳ͢Ųȱô̫ȻΪ˺ǿƣδѴͻϵ飬ƾһ㣬Ҫġ
ǣϴɲط
һǡ˵飬˶ȥ塣
ѵعλ
嵹û˵ʲôѾ뵽ˡ
ҵŮӣôܳԿ
Ȼڶ칬ﴫϢѣʹϧʺƳӷʵƻʺɻع֮λӷʹ
˵һ㶼ֻ֣û뵽ôѡ
ƳԷʱ˵ԭֻǹ˻ʹˣⲻֱƻʺĺλˡ
һʹϧˣڸĳЩɫˡɻʹʺɻǸʺ󡣡ƺһƬ⣬ס죬˵
ⰲ˦˦ӣҪţүɲظţ˵иʲôļᣬȥĶǹСʲôģǰӦ꣬ȥ˵ܽύء
СЩ廹ȥڲȥύһЩҲǲɣܴʲôҲǺ¡
޷ֿƴŰȥ˳⡣
˻٣ԶͿһЩǱΧƣΪЩȣľ˱Ƚ϶࣬ƾͳľߣ˳۲һΧʲôˡ
һˣƶƽܣҲľ޿
ʺƳѾ˻ٴγʸ֮ģٵĹС㶼Զ֮˶ԶԶģ֤ƶ޹ϵ
ľ޿վƶɺ⣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôܿľ޿ƶһ·ˡ
ƳǱ߱£ȥ𴦡
ƿ۰Ļɳľȥ
סֻø˹ȥ
ٽ
һ´磬дк
ƽܿƵͷ
С㣬ľ޿δкƶӶҪˣɫĲС
ľ޿ǺƽҲ֣
˵Ｏᣬֵģû뵽ľ޿˵ľ޿Цתȥĵطˡ
(δ)

ڶٰʮһ ľ޵

Ҳ˵ƶ̲סΪҪѡΪ飬㶼һ£ôûˡ
ƺЦ˿ɲΪѡ飬뿤һͬѡС㣬ѵС㲻֪
ƶһȻľת˵ʲô
ƿƶ㲻˵ˣľ޿ƶȻûмʣȴ͸ϬǺܷкƶ޸ͬһ˵顣
ΪתűȥƶҪţľ޺ǳ⣺Ҫҡ
ƶͣ£᧿ΣةฮпܱסҲ治Ҽš
ǰƿľ޿ȥǰ棬ҲӺ˹ȥ
ľ޿ߵٵĵطͣ£һ˿Щˡ
Щ˸룬ȴ˴Զһ·ҵľ޿ߵľ޿ǰľ޿˵ֻ˵˵˱ˣ
ľ޿Ҳ֪ЩʲôǸŮס˵ʲôȥǿ޵ĸˡ
ľ޿ҲǸƢˣɫˣ˵ʲôҪȥңˡ
ͿǸŮӼææˡ
Ƶ˲Źȥľ޴ʱ۾ĶŶһط
Ƶľ޿˳Ŀ⿴ȥǸոյǸŮӣɵĸһߣǸӿŴ羹Ȼˡ
ʣѣ
ľ޿ƣģҪܡ
㲻ҪҹܵҲûʲôҿѵɫ֣ʲôɣ
֪ʲôľ޿ʡ
ƿ۰ʶô
ϸϣʶ˵Тǵճġ
šƿľ޿֪ǻ֪ģ˵ýһɩ֮ȻǱЩֻˣܱǿʵ
Щ±֪Ц㣬֪㡣
ľ޿Цȴû˵
ڴʱǸŮûվſ˵ϣΧ˶㿪һƬŮƤͺ죬ӵǸһֱŵӣȴĿһۣתһŮˡ
ǰŮǱˤˣû
ľҪȥվסûС
ʣǲ㣬Ҫ׼ҵ飿
ľ޿۰ȴû˵ǰȥŮӷŮɨɨϵĻ
Ůлʮ
̧ͷһۣʹ࣬Ŷ¿ĽţŤˡ
ƷŮȥ£ԸŽţ˰һЩҩ࣬ã
ŮæŵллңТҵТɣ֪ǣ
ûʲôǰƣҲѵıɩǱߵҪġ
ƿ˿ľ޿Ǳߣľ޿һƿŵͷ
Тľ޿ǿջЦЦЦ
˵Ǵ򣬵Ұ£ɷȻޣҪֻЩҿԡ
ТҡҡͷˣѾ˺ӣҲôοѾǲƵӣˣҪȥʲô
Ϊ壬Һܸмֻ̫һѾˡ
Т˵ԼԼʲôҪˣҲû̫࣬ТȥŰƣҲû⣬ͰָТ
֣Ѱһ̲סȥסТ֣˫֣Ŀ̲ͣסȥǰŮӡ
ŮϷˣΪϷŮӾ
ˣȽϱ뺷
ʣ岻ã
䡣
˵ʱТЦһ£˵ľǴСĺѣҳɻʱҾˣ˵ТҺãģ˵ҲԸġ
˭֪ıصˣТôϲˡ
ұΪҳĵˣСѾˡ
Т˵ᡣ
ƿТЩûжǸŮйҪǻĸоΨһһ
Ҳ£㻹㣬һĵˣ㷸ԼӲҪġ˵飬Щġ
طŮݽ棬ûȥҪǿҲûʲô³
֪һҲˣǸ³ˡ
ҲҪҴСźĸҪľޣ֪˶ٻˣܾǷľľޣûĻ޸Т
ľ޲ҽӴϲ׵нЩҪľ˵ҰһأлᣬţҲҪĶ顣
Ƶͷ˵
ľãվûܺһ޸֮ˣ˵һãǲܡ
ͰҸһһϡ
ƶТһᣬܾò˵һת棬Ҫȥ
ҵûȥˣ㲻ùң˶ˣТҵġТ˿žôô
ƵǲİТˣľվԭż˵ȥТȥ
Щɣתȥˡ
һһ٣Тھû˵ˣһֱһطżſһľ
֪ĽźۣĶľЦ
ã֮ĸ飬Ψһȥˡ
Ƶ˼΢΢һ뵽ЩȻ׹֮ԵľΪТѶϢ
(δ)

ڶٰʮ һҩϢ

Ŀ·һȻڵȣżľޣ֮ǰʲôԭûмˡ
԰ĵˡ
Щģ˵ľ޺ܿҪˡ
ТֹˮһŰǱ߿ȥ˵ʲô
ΪТܻƳ˸ţܿҪˣҲҪ˵Щġ
ТЩת䣬ʣ˭
Т룺ǰ˵޸飬ѵ
ǣǶ
Тһɫˡ
ƿĳТľ޼޸ģż˵ʵҲûʲôȻ˲ƲҲʶ˵Ǻܺ˳ģȽϺദˣ޸ҲǲպҲٻ󡣡
ô˵ĵģТʰƣԭֹˮӴʱȾһĨ⡣
Ʒ˺棬ʲôһŮҪġ
ȻĵģѵôûûкͶһദҲӦ֪Ϊ˲Ŷԣ洫Զغʵģѵ޸ã˵档
ТЦˣֻ˵˶û˵˵ûƲܺദ紫жٸҵģܶƲŹľô
ƲסڹһȥҪľ޼޸˶ʲôӹ
ŵô඼ܶȥŵ˲ŶԣľôֱһˣĶ֡
ôͲż޸أ
ŲˣҲš
Тת˳ӣľ޺Ȼܰʣô˵ƭҵģΪʲôû˵£
˵ΪҲ֪֪˲֪֪࣬
ڵľ޵ͷǡǡ˵͡
Դ䣬˵ТԼˣڵģµԲȥ
ТɫԽѿѿТƽˡ
տƾô˵Ȼǲŵġ
Ҳ⣺ֻһʱ˵©죬ǲңҪ
ʱһЩ˿ʼȥĵطҲһЩ뿪ȥĵط
֪ỹһҪĻڣ˶ۼһ𣬻ǳԷʫǾһŪī
ʱкܶ˶һطȥֻ뿪ġ
ֵһ᣺˵û
Т˵˰ɡ
Ҳżһᡣ
Т۰ƣôΪأ
ҲȫǰΪ֣Ҫǰ֣һǰϵ֣ˣǰү֡
ТŰƳһ᣺ɴ򶼺
ƲТ֪Ǵ
һᣬ˳ߣ˽ǰư˰֣ʾⰢȥһߵš
ȵϵƻͨʱТҲû֡
ТľǱߣľ޻ûߣվһˣʱʱ߶ûߡ
ƶΪźʹһ뿪ˡ
ƽܣվһû뿪
ƿǵʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôҪһ𣬵ǿԡ
Тȵ˻ûƿˣҲˣ
ТҲ˵Ǿͷһȥˡ
ҷ㡣
ƷТʯͷ˼ţТǴ򣿡
ТЦһ£ǲͨҾŵϵĸֶҩϢôòŵϵĲҩϢ
ɣǷТȥϡ
ϵҲȫǶҩϢֻһһֱоҩŵ˶ҩһ˶޷ǶҩʲôҩܱҺ⡣
ҴСͳҽңҽҵĵճС㣬ȻĸȥһЩҵõ洫ȴ١
Ƶ⣬ТҽҵĵճС㡣
ô˵ܱϵĶҩƵǾõ˸
˽Т˵ذɣҼհס
ƣƶá
ưɣܾȽǿƣƺƽ׽һЩҲԵ֣ҿľûе⣬Ȼûеѡ
ѵôͨ͸ˣҲΪ˱ʾ⣬Ȱƭ˵˵ˡ
һЦ£֪ӽĿĵģҵڣҲǸͨ͸ˣˡ
ֻҽհ㣬ϣտ԰ľޡ
֪Ůɼģϣҽհ㣬ľޡ
ô֪ܰ
Ҹоܡؿ棺ʵҾľҪܼ޸ƽҲһ׮£֪ԸԸȥýǣߴţԸ⣬ҵǿ㾡һȥ㣬ɺã
Ƶһûô
Ȼĳġ
(δ)

ڶٰʮ ɱ

һ·ģƵһһŮˣʲôܵľ͸˺ˡ
ԾҲֻΪʲô˾Ͳһеˣ԰ȴǡ
ػҪţһ³Сĵ㡣
Ȼ֪Сһ㣬̲סȥİء
شӳסƵ˾סˣҲסˡ
˶ʣ㻳ˣ
жˣ
˵ı鶼⣬һ԰ȣǵǺ
ϷŰ³ȻȽŲ㣬ҲðƷˣð¡
ƿûŹᣬסصɨ裬Ҫ֪еʲô
϶УƲ鲻ʲôֻ֪ѾģѹƲסˡ
ôжģȻҽҵĵմˣӦİû뵽֮޿Ϊ˾綾ȫΪǸɷ
طŰƵ΢΢ĳ񣺡㲻һӣ

һ£˵ʲô
ЦĺܿģҲ
ʲô
͸Ӳˡ
ǲȷǸкǸŮҺȷʵЩСһЩһǸô֪ܲ
ɨһ򶼺׼ģܿǼ
οһҲѲĸ
ǲǳĸˣ
𵽵׻˼ƸĵǰصĶ
˵˭µĶ֪֪ʲôⶾһԡ
ҡҡͷҪˣûľ֮ǰһҪһʱ䣬ΪûõӣΪ˼ľޣǸ˵Բ
Ǽ棬ҺȻãһԲҲʲô⡣
ˣԹ޵ĺˡ
˵ľһģ㿴ƽʱ°ԣһˣˣﲻסһ˵Тʱ´ǣĸô죿
ˣĿ
ǲĿҪľ˵öԣТǸˣƭңңͲĴңɵľǰ˵һǲ˵ߵʱң֪ģȴûȥ
ҵĴȥ
˵.ʱẬ۾
գô˵ΪľҲ¡
ҡͷˣ̫ˣ
˵طТĴȥһһ̧ͷ
Т־ͷѹ޷.Ϣ
ͣ»ͷƣϲ㣬ϲùӡ
Ƕӣ
ĸ⣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô֮Űصġ
ȫǡ
Ҫ˵ûǼٵģǾ㵵ģôһûɫĶӣѲɻһˣ
Ҫǵİأֱιȥ
˼ҲӣѲһ
££
ӱ£Ҫ˵һЩͨŮӲ֪еΣҲˡ
ǴͨҽҪǻ֪ǿǺЦˡ
ǿ򶨣Űأ㵽ʲô
صû˵ֻҡҡͷתһȳһյȥТ
Т鰲ܣҲҪҵ֤ݡ
첻ȥôľεվ¿Űӣǲܣ޷ܡ
ԭͲöԸʲôˣ˷ʲôˣҲҷģο
ТһΪռ˴֣ȻûڳʲôְҲǺܺãһǮȴȱ١
Ҳ˵ϸǮԼҲԵ
ʼҲΪ٣ܲҲƣ⣬Ǿа취ġ
ĻֺҲѰֻģһϣмõλϣŵϻȨĻʹͿĸۡˣһӶﲻ٣ճϵľˣТв۵һ
ТģǵճĿ
ĸۡȴģɼүǲ
վ濴ŰزǵĽȥݵıӰʹ۾
ûжůĵطһŮӣǷҰѾ꣬ȴҪҡҡڰڽҪȥ̤
ģȴʲôˣվս֣ʣԸǶħŭ
ТŹϣת飬ҺúõĲ飬ҾͲˣβǣ
ǺТˣ˵ץһôͿТ
ԴطûҪ˺˭졭
ɱˣ
(δ)

ڶٰʮ ӵһ

ƻȥ·һֱص飬Ҳã춯ŭˡ
Ҳûһԡ
˵طƴ˳Ϳվſڵľ޿
ľ޿ղͬЩΡ
Űƿȥ
ῴľźһЩľ޺Ͱص⣬ܺͰسΪѵˣðţľ޲Ǹӹ׵Ŀˡ
ңҲģʲôҲֱӡ
ľ޵Щڣû˵ڡ
ƿ˵˵ȥɣ֪ûУ
Ҳġ
ľȷʵϲ壬ҪǲϲҲҪ޸ˡ
ô˵Щá
֪ҲΪ˵ңľҲֱڿ֮ˡ
ϴڶһΣ͸߸˲ɣ
ƿûô˼Ҳú˵ʲô
ľޣ˵㰮ͽˣҲû˵ڲǿҲôˣѵ
˵ľ죬һ뵽ѰأҲܲˣֱӽš
ȥ˺Ժܼһľ޿ˣΪǵ鷳ģ˵岻ڣ˼ȳȥ
ҰƵĶ𿪡ľҲǺ۸ģﰲô۸ˡ
Ϲܼƻһ·ӺԺˣľޱ
ܼˣȥ˵ܼңүľ޵ı磬ľ޵ļңպľϣӣ㲻ںԺһɾµԺľ޿żҲиס
ǡ
Ϲܼҵ۾Ҳʲô¶˵㣬ҲֻӰš
Ī˵үҪġ
ԭȲһµһֻϻ
һʵ
Ϲܼ뿪ƿľޣ˵ɣȥԺ˵
תԺ׼˲㣬ûлֻӰŲԺ
ĲһСˣľˡ
ɡ
ľ£ǳԲµġ
Ʊ߳Աߵľʣľԥ˰ſڡ
ô
̧ľޣ㲻Ƕˣ
ġľߣ̫ʶ̧ˣѾˣΪ
һƳľЩȻһĨϼôʲô
ľޣɩӵݣҴСҵ˼Ҿȥˡ
˵ʲôľߣһϣ㲻ҪΪϴڶˣǰΪأΪ㣬һһ룬Ҳ̫ࡣ
ۣľ޿Ҫ̫࣬˵Ѿѻ˵ˣ޷Ҫ֪Ϊ˺ɷģҲû˵ɷ¡
ѾͷȻһǳĺܣ
ˣϣȥҾͲƽˣ˵ص飬Ҳûʲô˵ģĲǿģٲҲˣҪǲףТ˳ۣһ£Ұﵹæͳɡ
Ʋľ̫ģľްо綾޷ⶾһᷢ裬˵ʲôµ飬Ҳ˵ˡ
صǹܶˣľޣ¡
ľ޽֣Ҿ֪uǸ쵰ôá
Ƶûᣬ˵ʲôҲûãطŮӼҪǼ޻ˣҲͲҪŷˡ
ƳԷľߡ
ߵԺſֱײ˻Ĺϣһ٣ļ̌ͷһۣһ죬ƿҴææˡ
ҲûĿܴ⣬ҲͲƽˡ
ǹתľޣתֻҰƣľ鷳ģ
Ƶı¹֪ģľ޼ˣҲֻбŰķݡ
ƿ۹壺ľΪТ飬ȥТˡ
ô˵Ҳûʲô׵ˡ
Тľ޵ĺѣľΪΣӣŰƳԷ
ŰѼ˵壬˵ô˵ҪТ飿
ҲǷǹܲɣҶ԰ϧ֮飬үҴûжһŮˣָ飬һʣãǸϲˡ
أΪеֵ
ˣô޸Тġ
ֱǱ
˵ҺԺ飬ҲοҪȥ£ǽЦ
үǾ²ؼɣ˼˽ˡ
嵹Ҳ汼һˣ׽.׽Щ²ʡ
屧Űƻȥἰӵһѡ
(δ)

ڶٰʮ ɱǧ

˵һѣӴһʲô
ʵѾòĻˣһȹŹʱòɿ˳Ӹϡ
ô˵ʵڶţӿƵģȻһѶһ
Ҳɣǲ˵ƭģ
ҡͷҿ񣬵Ҳһ
ܿ͸ܶˣΪⷽѾʼоˣǰ˫۾̫͸ˣκλǡ
ûлǣ޷ж˵жţƵײɣ͸̫ˡ
ص峺͸ġ
һ˵Ļżˣܸҽ
ܸҽıޣҲûãҶ鲻ܸҽˡ
תǵǼ
ôֻ֪֪ˣǼҲҿֻһΪʲôؿͳһˣ
һѣ
ոֻ˵һ˵һѣæ˻ȥʣһѣ
Ҳе㲻⣺˵ǱҲУǺ࣬ûģģ
嵹ǼһЩ˫̥ҳҲ֡
ʣأ
û˵
嶢ŰƵĶӺ棺Ҫܿ
Ӧܿģڵǣ࣬ҪͲһˡ
үŮӱһΣյ飬ﻹ˵пȡ
طҽѧôª¶һʱ򣬶ʱû˽ô࣬Σա
һô죿
֪
ƿ˿ӣôоôأƭң
ĽüšţɫأŮ˵Ǻ£ֵİ¡
ƿһۣϢһҪȥأöҶҪңҲҪҡ
ɻȥʲô˼ûˣһŰƶĺӡ
Ҳ̤ʵŰƴ.ϢʧȥƣҲ᲻ǣǱͷ⡣
Ź֣үҺúõģôģ˺飬ܻа취ġ
ɡ˵ʲô
үϢʲô˵
֪ģֻȰš
һҹ˯Ĳã˸λһ̣һ˾ȻɱǧǰȻѪɺӣճѪ£Ѫϵεδ£۵ʬ壬Ȼѹ
ƸоߵˣҲˡ
˺ָ˲ôˣˣ
μɱ˺ܶˣһɱǧضѪɫˣվս֮ϣֻбһˡ
Ѫȣɱ˵ʱŶ
ս֮ûɱŰ
֣Ǻ£ǿЩѪ֪Ϊʲôˣ
үһɱǧô࡭ƻ˵һȻ˵ˣŹЩ
ôˣЩ֡
ƺЦүҲһɱǧɣ
üȻɣʱ򣬿ս񣡡
Ŷ
Ʊסˣؿڲ˲䡣
үλ᲻ǸүүһΣľսһɱǧأ
ͷʲô˼
ү˵׼Ҳүսһүôܸɣû׼һأ
ү룬˭ɱôˣүȴܣǺأ
үأ
տѧ˵ֻ㹻ӦľӺͬʱ֣ϾͿˡ
ԵľʱǺܶģһҪŮԵҲ֣Եľ֣Ůǲƥġ
Яϵͳˣӣ˵ŮԲһء
忴Űƣϣȴһ˲ϾӲǳԷôɡ
ó£ô죿
屧ŰƲԸ뿪ưŰѹƿ˴Ƹ˸尲˵
үصģһѣǿֲ˻ʼôһЩǷˡ
ڰȫ⣬ȻΣգǸŮ˲ӣ
˲üͷһֱš
˴ƵĶӣôһζѲص档
ƿѹö˵ʲôҲᡣ
ԹƱˡ
ջҪȥ
һ뵽ƵĶӣ㲻İƳȥ
ǸأҲȷʵӦȥҲֻװƵĶһһѡ
ȻҪȥģǸТҿͲ˳ۣҪȥİѱ
ƴע⣬ǲɸġ
ദ˽⣬Ҳȥʣ˳ȥ
үʲô
ȥТ˳Ƶ¡
(δ)

ڶٰʮ 

ȥТ·ϰһЩйТ飬Ȼ֪ıѰ˶ࡣ
ǰʹҲˣ˵ĺ壬ТͰص֪Ĳࡣ
رǰصʱ򣬹ܼҶ˵ؼԨȴûм֪ˣԭڣڰ׼ңֱТТ֮ǰھǶû˵
Ǽ޸ТԺ󣬲֪صĴڡ
ܼ֪ģǰؼԨ޸ТŮĽģϾǿĿѰ˼ҵİղͬ
˵صĸ׳ҲףԽУ޸׼ҵʱ䶯ȫǵġ
ֻǰصĸ׺ɻһղһյȥˣ˰ڰ׼ҡ
˼ңȻֻһλңصĸȥǰҶѾţΪصĸһһŮĸƾӹ󣬼ϸĴһղһգҲͶȨ
ȵصȥˣ˱㿪ʼƹܸĴС顣
СǸָ׻ĵˣǱ㱻͵˺Ժۼȥܡ
˵Ʋɵߣžױ˺ˣصĸһҽȺ׼ҽңʹֶοɹƭİȢ˽ţźȻƭеľѧ
ʱİҲûôôҪɱ֮죬ȻǺ
ҪһŮɱ׾ٵ顣
ɺޣɱǿŮ֮󣬱ΪǶŮһۼȥչˡ
ǸЩҲɣǸۼġ
үĿǺΣ
ƵƢйߣһӣҪչ˵ʱӸۼˣǶ಻ף
֪ƢȻҼƿ˵˵ص顣
صǿֻǰСȾһֲֹÿ춼ǿţ˵Ƿ죬Ҳ˵Ⱦ˷纮ʱ˾ͳˡ
ʲôҲû֪һֱػƿڵʱ
һŸۼˣڽϰľޣľҪˣסˣ˾ֿƫƫҪľޡ
ھ֮У˼ҵĺ׳£ɽǽܡ
ߣҿͬŰɡƲЩΪвĳЩˣʹһЩƵֶΣȻõ㡣
סƵ֣ԣ˵ص顣
˵Ҳˣغľͬ··ˣպЩ˳Ҫץľޣؿ鲻ãȥľߣ˵ľ޿ľ޲һá
ǻ˾ˣ˰ء
ľ޻ȥˣŰѰظ
СӴ˳޻̸Ѻýá
Ҳǲڰ׼ЩλȻǸĸ˶ٴˡ
ǸТ
ТǸЩſû׵ʱʡ
ľ޴ŰȥδʱʶТһ۾Ϳ˰ء
ԭҲǲͬ޸Тģǽס׷һΰػǴӦˡ
ΪӦТ飬ľŭ˺ܾá
ԭȱȻϲľޣľȴͱ׽ûʲô±ұ˵˺ܾãҪȥТ
Ƕ֮ǰˣΪ¡
ľѾûкͰغͺˡ
д˵ѾֵĲˣȻȥǵ顣
ǱԽǵ鶼֪Щ׼ҵȻҲҪС
һҲ֪ࡣ
ܱ֪Тʲô˾ӣȻǸʴģĶһЩ¡
ƭ˰صĸ飬ǿаռ˰أðĹ⣬˰ؼ޹ȥġ
£ľ޲֪Ҳľ
֪Ҳࡣ
عźΪТĻģЩǣǸТȻǲϲġ
ǰǼãȥТТ˹ϵ
Ϊ˸׽ԼĴϣȻǱʹһʱûסȥá
룬ТˣһĶϣĺӸûˡ
˵ͣתŰƿȥֽ
֪Щʱ޸оܣҲТﲻԡ
ֱ˵£ʱΪ·һġ
ϸһĨѿ֮ɫǲ
ƺЦӣǰˣ뷽跨ҲҪŪǰˣָô
ҵǲʲôү¾һʹɣԭǹߣүͲᣬүҲùڻˡ
˵ӻͷ𲻻үǽ𲻻
һαˢ˶Ժ֪ıĵ
ӻͷ𲻻
ȥү˵ү˵ص飬ǰү˵ģТ˿ˣ
ǣǰĻˣԴ˾ͳӡ
˵갲ƿǰ棬ʱѾߵТǰˡ
˵үǲŻˣҲ⣬ТĳѵУҪڶǻƶˡ

üͷĿϬТĴţǱ治ܷˣ
(δ)

ڶٰʮ һѾһ 

ȥſڽţТ˳һۣˣתȥˣûТʹ˳
ǰʱ乬ץȥ죬պòڶһ٣ȻǺܺ¡
æТӭӹ򸾡
ˡТΪ˴һԲǰƼ԰ص̬ȣʱڣȻǿ
Ҫ£Ҳ뻵£ʲôû˵
·˴˸˹˵㸮˳˵̥Щ쳣ʡ
岻˵Тŵһ
뵽ǸˣТɫһͻǻ
˵ЩŪİϷͷһúýѵ
ТΪƲϵԱҲǻȥˡ
ƿûŹ.Тʱ򣬶۵̸Ǹ취ñ˺ܶģ.л˵ģ㻹ҪѱĶ˽ѵһ٣ɺͳ
¶ãТһˣǸЩô£
Ϳˣ㿴Ҫǣ룬ͽҲһʱ
Т˵ųˣҲǿˣТǸһױһˡ
ľ˹ֱȻǿʲôŻ᲻ӦТġ
üͷ壺ȻˣǾТѣպñҲ̡
ͽȥ롣
ƸŹţТҲǸݻĵطԺﵽ͸˵
ȥƸŵǰ˷衣
⣬ǲˮ˼Ƶġ
£봵˴ȥǺ˵ģʵҲֻǿ˿ͰѲˡ
Тѵ˵ܶ໰
һʼպƽ̫࣬һֱһɫȹٻѵİǰƿû£ɿ
ǰ˸ӣƿĽѾûˡ
嵹û˵ʲôƱ˵˿ˣлŶԡ
ô˵ֻðТǰлݣñ۸
˵ߵǰŰصߵһߣýһˡ
ТһΪƭҵء
ƹô˵صЦˣҴƭˣ㣬ϲ

ˣ˵ҲôֱӰɡ
ТЩã˳ĵģ
Ӳãʱ˵Щ岻ĻԼҲ֪˵ʲôĪֲǡ
Т԰ģصûʲô˵ġ
˵ТŮ˵㻹Ǳˡ
ТĲϲ˵̱һЩ
ТȻ˭йͰƵݸˣ˵ͷԸؾǣ鷳ǰشˣҪ
صǲΪȻʣ£
Щ񣬰ؾǲκ£ûҲ
̸ף
Ҳûʲô£һллңүҪʣ֪̥飿
һ°أʵʲôֻǷ޲˵ҲͲ˵Щʲô
˵ˣزſĹ塣
ĿӣزûƽŮɬ㣬΢΢ͷ˵һ˵
á
Тȥ档
ƺͰһ˳ȥТȥȴ
Т
˵갲ƴŰˡ
ТҪѰظ˺ˣվſĿųӡ
ƸŰسţ˵鷳ˣ
ҡͷ㲻ҲҺãѾˡ
վһԣǾã˵һ㣬Ǹ͸ˡ
ŷſʣмҪ㡣
ĺӣ
ˣѾµˣ̥ʶﺢӵġ
ǡƿ۹壬Ȼ²ףŰء
°ѰƵȥȻһطſƵ֡
ˡ
š
ȷ嵹ЩţȻһһ޻̸֮Ȼܿ˵ֻҲҲˣ
ؿ˿ƵĶӣҲˣǵһһ̥ôģҲ󣬵Ǻ֡
һ̥һŮ඼к
Ŀһͣ
ؿȥһʣһ

Ʊŵˣôࣿ
ⲻǿЦɣ
컹Ҳĸһơ
죬Ҫ
ҲɵˣŰƵĶӿһӣ
ȷûô
ƵʱЩš
صǺȻǼ֪ˣαؼ֪
˭һһѣҪˣô಻Ҫ
࣬ߵ߽뻳һѾһѣ𣡡
(δ)

ڶٰʮ 

Ǹ¶ӳˣ
µ˵ʲôˡ
Ȼһ㣬Լģɡ
Ǵа취ġ
ƿ忴أȻ˵ģҲδģϾӻû
벻ʵҪΨŮӶӣ㵹һô࣬ҲǺ¡
ϾҪͬһȴô࣬ô
ƿɸ˲Ȼһһһܸ˵£ȻҲȷʵ
Σղ˵»ûӶˡ
ü˵ӻԺ£ʱȲ˵ҽ㣬ڵĶô£
ô£жˣҲҪˣҵǿ԰㣬ôӦľ޵顣
Ҳ͸Ҳȷʵǲ
ὲƿ۹壬ԭ˼Ǿδһˡ
ԭǶһѡ
һһƣһˡ
ȻǾŹȡ
ôһСˣװһѺӣô£
ƿ񣬹Ŀʱһͬ⡣
ͬʲôмëǮĹϵ
ûƿأҲ֤һףҵǿԴӦԣǽľ£ұȻ
ҲˣǿѵҲԸȥ˰һᣬջǵ˵ͷ
Ҳã仰Ҿ֪ˣϾ˭ܴӦôҰⶾ
һڴӦˣһãȻܽⶾ
ܲԾ֪ˣȻ㲻ֻܱ֤ǴӦԣҲ֤Ӧԡ
ƾǱ·ˣؿɲСãƤƤĴǡ
ʲôͰһ
˵ǽأôȥⶾ
ð죬Т˵ӵ̥쳣Ҫ˰æĸҽҽֲģҪҹ㡣
ش˷˵ǣҲúʡ
࿴һأ˼ôࡣ
ⲻ˼ﵽˣҴСҪûһӦԵķӣô᳤󣿡
ػʵƵ޻˵ˡ
Ȼˣǻȥ˵
תȥТԭΪ»ҪһЩϾТôȥҲ˵ȥû뵽һᣬТӦˡ
Ƶһ£ТӣľͲ²͸ˡ
ȥʰ˼·ʲôû͸ŰƴТˡ
Űػͷһۣ·ҵĺһȥأТĿᡣ
һţҲǲˣǺʧһ
ʧ䣬ǲᣬұϾ꣬ˣҪ뿪ˣЩᡣ
Թ˵ţʣ治ˣ
ȻһЦѩ׵͸һĨ޿ЦǶյİѩ˼䣬ô䣬ôôӯϣ䣬ǺΡ
һһ̵ʧԱ
ͣŰأҵĶҪֻ֪Ķûн⣿
ЩɣɺҡͷҧҧҵѪԽⶾԡ
ϵ۵Ķûн⿪ƶܣ˵صġ
ǲģһˣô뿪硣
һעһϷүΪʲôҪⲻƽ
غһľޣǵһҺõˣҵˡ
ԣֻ֮İľи㣡
صȥסƵģҡͷһа취Ծ㡣
ЩҪҪԣҲ޷ҴԣܰˣҲͶ޵ˡ
ԡ
ҽھǰһϣҲʱڰصǰ
ҪػţǺúõĻš
һȥŰƱŰȥԺҪȥȴס
ү⼸ίһЩҲܱţҪΪؽⶾ
ЩƣôأҲöԡ
Ըȥ⼸סԺƫ
ҲŰơ
ƲʤмΪ͹嵱һ
һŭ֪ߣ
漴˵ȴˡ
ȻǶġ
үȽȥˡ
Űȥҩվſڲ
һǼոǸǣһѺӣһѣ˵ȥҪˡ
һ̥һҰͲסˣһ̥һѣʬ𼣣
뵽ͼı˺ƣĿࡣ
ƴŰҩǽһ£صǺҩĶɵö࿴۰ơ
ҲܳԾƺʲôȲ
ֱߵҩо۲һΣ˵ʲôذεһͷŵ
ȥʣһ£
(δ)

ڶٰʮ 涾

Ҫȥһ̰صüĶһ£Ťͷ˵һĶ˵һɽﶾģܲףΪжֲݵĸҶӶжģõʱҲҪСġ
ֲһرĵطɫζĵطһҪĵطиر֣ݡ
ƴû˵ֲݣҡͷû˵
ذη£һ֧ʣƣøҸдܼסĶġ
ﲻζȻƼˮ꣬ȴһʡ
˵֪Ѿһ
Ķǽⲻˣǲ⡣
ǲģΪʲô⣿
ûе飬תȥһɾĲӣģҲ۹Ž⣬һͨϰߣűӺͱʣ¼һЩ顣
˲Ӹأ˵㾡дܿҵǽСû״ҲǴˣѧϰֲ࣬Щʶصı㲻ʶˡ
صǱЦˣ۰Ц򿪲ӣǰд¼֣涾䡣
ƵǾУĶ涾ˡ
غܿдһ˶ݵӣ˰ؽƣһ
⼸ֲҩԼǽⶾģ
صͷǶֻ˵ĺľԶǴ϶֪ⶾҲ˵ģ˵ʲôȻ塣
ȻܻţҲǾ档
иģҲⶾ
ҵĶȲżЩҪܽˣˣЩ滨ݶйɷŽȥġ
ͨ˵֪ҩụ̀ǾͿ԰ùһֶҩȻⶾ
ǾԲ֪ģ䶾Ҳôô
ҪģôЩһ𣬼ûȺ˳Ҳܽⶾ
һǳ׿ˣҽȷʵˡ
ԡ
˱ӣ˸ֶڱϵĶУƿʼо
ظһʱ䣬߲ݵģҵһɣɣд涾棬дڰصĺ档
ɹˣϲ㡣
ЦЦ˵Ұ㡣
ҡͷʱ򣬽һֶҩԣЩҩ⿪ˣҲҽⶾ
ƵǺʧʵⲻʧز֪
Ϣһ£ƺͰس߽ԺӰͷ˵СϲΪôߣ̫ô濾Һä˵պҾȥϣҪϧʧˡ
쵹ҲǲɣҪǸ磬˻ϲȥȴԣҵݸᡣ
ûй㺮Ҳûаãʵֻлߡ
ﲻ棬ȥҲǰȥ
ܹӲд
תŰƣ磿
Ϊðػ˵ʵһطǵŮӱ뺷˶ȻȢӺ檣ʲôͨ
УŮӣȻҪǣȻҵõġ
ӣȻЩڤ粻ģǳּе޽ӵģûм˸ҳȥŮ˵ġ
һһơ
˵İһ£Ů𣿡
ûʲô˭𣬴ҶһƽȵģֻŮһǿƵкһ˾Ůӱ뺷ˡ
ҪŮӲ뺷֣ʫһ㣬˲죿
ƿ֣߰޺Ƶġ
ǸТͲʲôöһ
ˣŮӣôҲ䣬طҲ
û˵ʲô˵Ů˲Ϊ˻ţΪԼš
ɵŮӣˡ
س񣬸Ц˳Ǵ򣬵Ǹ˵ģ˵ľ͵ɡ
ƾǼŮһӣŰط
ľӦúܵ㣬ҪĻҾ
ľ޵˵
ҡͷҲҲ֪ôԣЩ˵ɡ
زľޣҲ˵ʲôȥˡ
ⶾˣƻȥ£һҪذסĵطһǽһˣˣ˵˵պ顣
ϾТˣ޶˵ܹ鲻ô˵ġ
ʱסҩߣҩůסģ⼸չȥүǱסıǡ
ƾʣ˰š
ûκҪ󣬵ͷӦˡ
ϢϢȥɡ
صǺƽ뿪ҩ
Ժӻ󣬰ȥƫ
ԭ˵Ӷͨˣûסˡ
ֻܸŹίȥסƫˡ
(δ)

ڶپʮ ʻǲ

һ첻ڣһû˯Բ˯ţֱѾħˡ
ȻֻǸһǽڣԹ˵Ǿ硣
ûôѰһա
һѺǸĵ£Ƹơ
ΪնѣΡ
һʼͱĥķħˡ
رȥŵζʮܡ
Žȥʱ򣬹ڷƣҲˣȴζ˯š
ѾˣϷţһû
һɫڴϣһ޿
һǿۣΪۻˣû
ƿһۣٿϵķˣţȥ
ԽԽеˡ
ȻӴһԾɱ´͸ûһߵƵǰЩʧأˣ
͡ƱﲻסһЦ̧ͷħˣ
ƣҲ뿪ˡˣûаƵҹ̫Ѱˣս˰̻ҪѰ
һֻһûƽʱҲǼ첻ҲУôƵģ
סƵƣû㡣
꣬Ƿˣ
ְ̧ȷ£ǲǲˡ
ͷѾ˴ᱧ
һʲôҿǲǲˡ
ˣòᣬⲡΣҪƵһΡ
屧ŰƣԶԡ
һ˵ˣүǲǷˣֻһûһ𣬲Ҫɣ
ôҪ
屧Ű˴齣׼ѾȥĿӣһһ¡
ѾˣЪˡ
ƴ㵣˭үЪˣ
û˭ãǱûƣʳѰԱÿնҪ˯ǣ¶֪ôġ
εĿЦãΪһûһ𣬾Ͱˣүܳһô
涪˼ɼˡֺޣôͲˣ
Ƶ˵ǵ£ϾλǸϱȽƵûƵġ
ˣҲûﰲһЩ
رǵ֪ȱҪãָǿҲµʱǵӾԽĴһʰˡ
ҲΪˣų˴ʱģ
Ʊס壺ˣ
ģ
㱻ô˵š
Եͷҧһڣȴ֪һȥһʰ·ѩ׵ӣԿء
Ҳˣûڳɡ
һҹϲŰƱڻ׼·.̬Ƶģš
Ǹűӵģǿܽ˯¡
§ŹЩˣûþҪ˯ˡ
ƣӦ󲻹ܷ£ܺͱ˯Ű֬磬ĶҪˣô˼
û˵ӡ
ƿԣŰƵ°ͣӦվͽ˴һڴһɫӣڴ˴ȱĺˣȥܱ
ƻģ۾ȥ壬ʣҪҹ
°ͣҲȲѣǲҪôˡ
үɣֻҪҵʵﶼá
ˣû˼
ҪƴӦ÷˯תߡ
ⲻûз˯ãֱ
һ˲ġ
ŮǲҪ
ŰƵκξû취ȥҧһڡ
üͷִ塣
Ҫۡ
ˣ
ýˣ˯
ű㿪ʼҪ£Ҫܾκû
ΣͲ۲ģ˵ɴס졣
ҲԺ͸˾࣬ˣȴǰ
ˣҲţ屧Ҳù֡
Ȼõ.̡
ϣ˯ѣԺӳ
ȥ˰أоЩ
ȥ˵˼仰ʹˡ
Ҫ鲻á
뿪Űƽĵⰲһˡ
ôˣŰƵֻ֣ţ·ŰƵ֣һůֱʵϣǰů֣溹
ʱֻһҳοֻ֡
ƫſҲֻˡ
ʲ˵ǻϣĵ·Դʱҡ
һЦİɣ𣬱ܷͼǿһЩվ˭Ҫǻҳ˺ƣҪ
һʱ磬죬ʵĻʻǲʣ
(δ)

ڶپʮһ ֵܽ

ֹ֣Ҫʲô
ҲһʱûסҲûʲôү˵идо仰֪˼ˣ־⻰Ͳʣ롣
Ǻεȴˣתһ֪ôһˡ
Ҳʣ֮䣬ѡ˭
Ƶͷš
û˺ƣǲáģĵȻ췴ƣһֻع
ү仰Ҿ֪ˣֻǵʱ˺үɱˡ
ǸԼ·
Ȼϵ˺ҪȥˣҪϵۣƢҲˡ
˵ǰ棬պһݱϡ
üͷҲ㵨󣬸˵ֻ㣬ɲ㡣
ƼȻԵҪΪΣܻ˱顣
Ƶ鷳СǼȻһ鷳Ǳ棬ıˣ
˵أƵǲ£ΧûʲôˣҲ¸˹ȥ
үˣȫıģҲУ桭ʵǲѡ
үǲ֪ദҺۡ
ʱġ
࿴һ۰ƣûɵĲ̹֪ΪΣϲˡ
ȥɡ
ŰƵ־뿪ǰȻүҽ£ôȥǲװɣο칫ȥˡ
ǡ˵ʲô칫ˡ
û˱˽ȥһ·ĵ밲
һη֣Ů¹
Űƹɫѿ
ϵ۾ǿƵģÿζðΨûпڡ
һᣬֻ˵ǲˣ
⻰˵ϵ۵Ƕ࿴һ۹ûİƣˣ
ڰƻе£ϵ˵Ǹ˻ǲˡ
Ƿޡ
ǰ˵ԲģǺô£
УͲܲͣ½ⲻҪദ밲
ʵڲ˳
ܼǵãÿ밲϶ճ𣬲֪ǲǳĲˣ
ϵ۵ȻһЦǻϣ˭Ų˭ţҪģ
ܲҡ
幪ȭϵߣ˵ңδǰɣ
Сޱ̵㣬б㵹øɾգƾո˵Ļ޾Ϳ԰ϳȥˡ
ֱֹⲻǰô
ûϵۣѲɾΪţһ죿
˵ȷʵǡ
ӹ£Ͽ̥Ĳȣ⼸ǲǿܹţǻỵӡ
˻һϵȷʵ˶Ҳȷǲġ
ǴѲɲԾȣ
ػϣҽ߲ҽαݺƵѾǰ
ƴʱͷǸûйϵܸоڶΪʲô롣
ϵۿһᰲƣвʣΪ飬Ī̹
ʲô£Ĳ̡
Ȼ˵ӲãŰɡ
ϵ˵һߵ칫΢΢һ£ҲϽôˣ˵Ļ˷ѽ⡣
岢δԣлϡ
ƿȥҲǲҲǡ
忴ƣɡ
ֻ
վðƶ࿴һ۹壬û˵ͷĬ
ϵۿһǷޣʵս£
ϣǰӲʣТϰƣܰȻ
֪ܵТϣǼԨҽңǶԣһ̥ЩŹ֣Ӳã¡
ܲżæּƸ䣬ТϵΪư̥
̥ϵҲûڵȤ˰֣ɡ
û˵ϣּ
ϵ¶ã
СĵĿ۹壬ǲ
ƶٸлϵΣܾܵҲǵùҪǵܵܶǸù
в
ϣȹš
ߣ͹ɡ
ϵĿ䵽ϣѯ˼䣬ƴǺ͹˵һϵҲˡ
ǲТȥɣףСЩ
ּ
ּϵۿ۹壺Ǿ͹ŰɡӲʣΪ޿
ϵȥĸΪѣ۹壬һݣӦ֮һͷԵȥ
ơ
ۼֿ죬һѱסƣ칫ŵðһϵתȥ
ɫ԰ףͷðŻԵİƺ
ϵ۵סɫˣ
(δ)

ڶپʮ ǰ״

Ʊ屧ϵ۵ϣϵ۵ּ⡣
칫æȥҽҽææĵŵͷ󺹣Ҫ±ϵ۸˹ȥɣˡ
ҽ̨ףǰæŹ£طġ
ϵһλεվһԣ֣ɫҲˡ
屧ŰƵİӣ֡
ʱܰգ֪һһҹûϢôãҹ˯ãôһڣ˴ʱӡ
ְ
ҽסæŸƿ˿ɿֲŵϣ̥ЩȣңҪԴ̥
ҽˣϵ۴ʱҲҡ
ҪЩ̥ҩ
Ҫ
ҽæſһӡ
칫ȥæȥȡҩ
˴ʱ˵ˣ̥Ĳȣ¡
ʱĵδ
ҽȥʱû
յϢæŰѴ̫
úõһƬĤȥ䵽˵ϡ
̫ȥʱ£
ոյϢʱѾһʱˡֱð
ʲôʲô⺢ӿǱʲôҪ
û˺ӣ飬϶Ȼϡ
Ϣֳ£Ǻã
̫£챾ּȥж㣬ӹ
ǡ
æȥĵʱ̫ӵϢҲһ֣úõľͳˣ
˵ΪŹžͳˡҲǴģڹ鶼Ҫƽ˭ûһߡ
̫ӣźصڵ߶
ˣ⹬ﵽôˣôרš
̫֪Щ˵һ£ȥκ֣˵Ǳ˵ģƲҪˣڼɼֹȥȻܳˡ
ʲôģ⺢ӵøסˣס˭Ҳá
⡭ȥǸʵ㡣
ƲĺиôֱûһҪʵľ
ֵͷū֪ˣūȥ
κֽӵϢҲ͸ʱ顣
֣֣ˣ
κתȥˣҪ£ҪСźš
СźŻҪߣЩ֡
κֵͷӦĲ©ۼ
˵Ҳûɡ
Ǿӵ̫Ŀͣ
Ѿ˼ˣͨˣոպ;̫˹̫ԸԻضˡ
⻹ûȥ־ˡ
ôȥ
뿪ӷ˳
޴ȥ˾Ĺ뷿ģȴҲ
żȻѾزһݣȰƶĺ̥ΪţʱֻҪΪʴ˶ĺӾǻӣɽָտɴ
һ˻ʵۣʱʧȥӣֻҪס֮λŲκõġ
ʱºӣͿʺˡ
⣬ԡ
ʼȣʼˡ
Ʒ˺ҽҩҲûѹҽеżˣҲŭˡ
ûã칫ȥܸҽТϽһа취
ƴʱЩɫҲǺܺá
֪Ƶ˼࣬ôûǲѹô䣬ˡ
ȴΪ˲ùţװѣԼſռģϵͳһ򿪣Ķġ
Ժҽ˾˵̥Ĳȣģʵֵûţ˯ˡ
һֱţҲԭ
غܸҽææĵæȥˡ
ϵö˵ǿƿ
ܸҽһǵһμϣһĵ̨Ͳˣˤһӣҩ䶼ˡ
ǰѰˣװ˯û۾
صǲôľ̨֣һȥߵƽȴߵĺȥƣϣóһҩ󿪰Ƶ˽ȥ밲ƵļѨλ
ǴȻ֪Ѩ;Ż۾
ûĿǰİء
ء
ؿˣ붼ȥվϵ۷˷ӣŹˡ
ŮϣТμϣꡣ
ôһϵסˡ
ɡ
Ůлϡ
˵лϣȴû
ƴʱѾˣǰعڵû
ϵۿȥΪλ
ŮҪ״

ҲˣװӲÿڹ廳ϵҪǿɫ԰ףͷ󺹣滳ɣǴͨõġ
屧ȥһߣϵϸء
Ҫ״˭
Ůĸף׾Զؿͷʼնôƽƽġ
ϵ۵ǲأʵΪθ
(δ)

ڶپʮ8400

졣ǽŮӣǽ˾֪ҽȵմӡ
ʮʦȣϼΪ
ǷСһߣ߱鲼ǣ׸ϵʱѾˣרľˡ
ǡһ꣬͢˰ҽ֮Ӱ׾ԶҲҵȥ֣
İ׾Զѧǳҽǰĳ뻯ϰҽȻΪҽңҲżȻ̫֮κãӴ̫Ϸҽңȴҽҡ
׾Զ굽ֵĵط㲡ˣͬȾߡ
ǸֵˣҵΪΣһ֡
ʱ׾ԶǱãﲻף˵Ϊ˾˲ɥױǸˡ
վ飬ױӦ˸Ҽ޸
ΪȢף׾ԶҲ䶯ǡ
ױ㽫ľѧȫڸ˰׾Զ
׾ԶҲܴһʱȫѧˡ
ʱѾҡ
ʱҵþȻҲˣͲһ¡
ҵҡ
ǽŮӣͨ˼ҵŮ޸ҵʱһһһ˫˵ģ׾ԶҲ׿ڳŵġ
óˣҵ㱧׵ķУ֮֮飬Һá
ĸŴ뿪
׾ԶѶҳ£¡
￴εĲȥȴԸİ֮˶
ÿѻ꣬ȥˡ
ϵһ˼һԵİƺ͹壬嵹ǲ֪¡
Ļðɣ׾ԶȻ˴
ϵʣ֤ݣ
ϣŮû֤ݣŮҪ״ֻǵȻƺܸ״ҲȫΪ׵
ϵ˵û֤ݣҲû취
ϣ֤ûУ󣬰׾Զ׵ӣһѻҶû£סĵطҲһѻչˡ
ϵߣĵǸɾ
˵ϣβЩôڼģû׵ġ
ϵۿȥ㵹ĳԼҹ˲ϣˡ
ϵȻﲻã˵칫ӰǷš
ǡ
칫æȥ˰ѿӣûͺϵǷģһƨȥѰƺĴȥֱ࣬§ţСĺǻ
ȻЩϰߣûƿֻøš
ϵʰأأΰ㣿
ұ㽻˵ңǸԴð׾ԶĻģ˱˸ŮˣԭڵʱǶˣǵ˵ģǽŮӣǲСڣȻ׿׵徻㽻˶˴
󣬰׾Զչأҽˡ
˱㽫ҽ˺ԺһϹӣҪӽ̵ңҡ
ӣ
ϵЩ⣺ǸϹӣ
صػҸӵʱѾʮ꣬˫Ϊ˼ȥ̵ĶӿϹˣԭǰ׾Զֵףӳȥ˾ҽһȥû
Դ˺̫ϻΪ׼ңʹĽ˰׼ҵļֵܽоа׾Զ
׾ԶĸҲƾĸ󣬳˸ķˣڴһֱԼĶӣ۾Ϲˡ
׾Զĸ׹ܲ㽫֮ˡ
Ҳʽˡ
׾Զĸˣ׾ԶĸƹԺڵ飬㽫ӵ˺Ժģ˭֪׾ԶĸȴˣȴûС
Ժ˶ϹϹӣұӵԺϹӴ׾Զǲ֪˲֪ˡ
Ϲӣ˵˭ѹĵᡣ
ҽҲ֪ԭҲҽ߳ˡ
˵ҵĶǺܰԵĶҪǿƺãҪȥˡ
Ϊҳ
ԭҲ״׾Զ
Ͼ˸־˲磬á
֪ô׾ԶϹ˭ȥԺϹӣһռϹӵڶձȥˡ
ϹȥǰТң˵׵ʦԼʦںδȥϢ˵Ѿǧҵʦʦ֡
Ҳڸ
ֻϧʱ޶࣬ϹһֱڵĶӣΪ˾ңԼһˣÿһʱҷѪȣҲܻ
Ҳ˺ʹࡣ
ˣҲĻţұ޸ТĺһЩ֪ΪҸˡ
ǸТҶĺӣ֪һѪұ֪ѹˡ
ΪһУ½ĺӣǿаϵĶۼһطҿãһĶ㿪ʼӿҶʱ䡣
ϹʣҲˡ
ϣһ̥Ƕ̥ûңɣӡ
ŮԸԶӣĺĸƽ
ֻǡŮϣΪ׺Ϲס
(δ)

ڶپʮ ԺѲ

ϵԽԽһϣŭ׾ԶСˡ
칫ǰϣūǵã׼һҪڹء
ҽʱæƲϵϣְԭȻ°׼ҵ½ҽһ˻СŮұְķûҲûӦ
ʵûӦ˸죬ⲻ˵˻ϵ£׼ܽźϵģǶһˡ
ϵ̴˰ص
һǰ׾ԶҲǰصͬĸ
һǰ׾ԶĶӣҲ֡
˶ҽ߳ҽԺ֮㣬ŵҲܶࡣ
һʮţһʮ
ʮǰ׾Զ֮ӣ˵Ķӡ
壬ϵһЦһʮһʮ
˴ʱ֪ʲô飬ĴӦ
ΪҽҲܹѵ˻Ȼܻţײ˻ϡ
˹Ų̧ͷشĵǺƽ˳
ϵ֣Ƕǰ׾ԶĶӣ
ϣְǡ幧
ϵʣˣ
ϣְʮ֣ΪʲôôȻ֪ʮˣҪһ飬ҲֻʵʵĻش
ϵۼʣǵӣ
ϣְǵճӡô˵ʱЦһ£һ˰ɡ
ϵʣԭ䣿
ǣҵȢһŮӣǸŮҵԭ䣬ȥ֮ҵҵǴС飬ǸŮӻûǰҵѾȢֻǺ˵Ϊ֣βȢǸŮӡ
ϵŭôĵӣݳ͢ˣȥѰ׾Զѹ
ŵȻ̧ͷⲻ̧ͷã̷̧ˡ
أô֮ʧڶ
칫˵ϣأôТǲģڻǰˣǳ˹ңϡöְ
ְҡ
æ˵ϵۿ칫ʱĵôˣҸˣ
칫æ£ϣūˡ
ϵûȥ칫壺ǲǲ޻治֪㸸˱֪ˡ
׾Զܿ챻ѹ˵ǰæ£ΪǶδˣæ
㣬㻵˻ʼҵĲ㣬׾Զ̧ͷʶ
׾Զŵӻ̧ͷȥŵһ£϶
ҲһˣȻû뵽ظˡ
ϵȻˡ
׾Զ޻Сˣ㾹ȻԭأŮںԺϹȥܣ¶ԭ䣬֪
ְ
׾Զ߶µģǹŶˣڹﵱĶūţҽ޷Ǳ̫˵㶫ѣϵ۵˫۾׾Զˣ
ϣְΣ
׾ԶʼͷӺֶҲſͷ
ص˲û뵽׾Զôˣ϶ûС
ϵעİ׾Զˡ
ʼֳޣˣ׼Ǹɹĺõط
ޣѸúõӵ˺Ժϰ洫޽ȥȥȻѾˣûʲô˵ˣ㸸ȥձʬ̣֮׼ҵ飬Ե졣
ϵ۳һ˲ŰǱ߿ȥ漴˵ּ
ּ
׼¹ϵϱ˵򡣡
֪³£лϵۣŵͷּ
⾩ĴССԩ޵ǶϲԺ£ȻѾ˵Ȱӣ޲ΪԺѲרԺ֮¡
һƷѲ۹δС׹УԿɰ죡
޵š
ϵ۰һƣǰӹ
ϵ۵Ҳӵˣ޵޵ݣ˲ӣնࡣ
л϶䡣
ʱ
ϵۿһۣϵˣȥɡ
ǡ
̹պҲҰͻƿڣںˣȴӺԺץͲţҲ
ϵۿ칫ɡ
칫æл˿ƴʱû±ȥˡ
Ҫȥ̫ġ
ϢһǶˣ˭֪ǸƤƵһϢǼҼұӻ°ˡ
ԼԺЩССģһ˵¶ˡ
ڰ׼ң̼˷⣬¼ٿڣȫﳼ
ҲϵТТһ类ү˹ȥһŽϹȥҰأʲôҪȰסء
ûҵϡ
(δ)

ڶپʮ ֵ

һţϢĺܿ죬ʱڹﻹû
׼ҵ齻ˣϵȴûð뿪
ԭðƸʱϵ۲ŷ֣忴ŰƿĽǴ粽롣
Ҳֻù壬ƴԸһۡ
صΪǣֻ̫࣬ȥš
ĸв⣬Ϊ˰δ˿
һԸϵۿɨ谲ư˻ȥࡣ
⹬Ǹصĵط¶˾ȴҲ˿֤ݣͺñһ˱ԩˣ˫۾ŶҲϴ֤ݣƫƫ˶֪˱ԩˡ
ԭͦƲϵ۵ģΪԭȾʱ䡣
һĶˣˡ
һж֮ˣˣһʶˡ
Ƶַſϵʣôˣ
ǷҪϢС
˵ʲô˶֪飬̸ֶܶɻ£ô˵˵ʲô
˵ֻƹȥˡ
һӷ£ѣûˣ
ϵģ˼ŵϡ
ŪӣϴĲԸ⡣
˵ֻ塣
ϵۣʣû㣬˭أ
ҲʵڣȻǸϿģﲻô
ŶϵҲܵ׵ģ簮ġ
޹ְϽԣȴư˲£أõĵȥˡ
ϵ۵ȻһЦô
ɨԵе㲻ˣϵӿƣﲢȻ㲻Ը⣬ҲͣҪһˣʲô赲ġ
ǵðɣֻ벻룬ûиòá
˶ѡ
ϵӰ˹ȥĸ밲ȼˣȥɡ
ϵ˵˱ˣ칫æŸ˹ȥ
˰Ʊȥ壺ү
ߣ
һɨеӣĺܣ
ƶһƢҲ̫ˡ
ߡ
Ʋԣͷϣ˵ʲôǶ࣬ҲȥǾͲ˵
Ź뿪ĵưѰҲˡ
ʱϵ۴ӵصӳ
칫ϣʵ
޼ŭĻǲ󣡡
ϵ˵תȥ˺棬ȥʺ
ջʺһֱ齣ڷǹŻʺ󣬹ȻǶһЩ
Ǳһ˿ϣǵҲʧɡ
̫ǰ밲˰ص飬̫󲻼
Ȼ֪ﻹйĹصġ
̫󲻼Ȼвĵġ
Ƹ̫˰̫ڵĶӣ᲻뿪ңŤ̫취ûУԵڣѰƽйȥϸĶӡ
棬˵Ӳһ̫ϲǲΰġ
ϲǺӶ࣬Ǵ¡
ǵһΣգǾ͸ˡ
Уƽ̹Ҳһ㣬ˡ
ƵֱӣǲĶҲ֪Тҽ߳Ҷҿɡ
ţҲֻˣҲҪСһЩҲǣ֪һԺѲҲ֪ôģǾѲ⣬˵ȥЦҲѹڵĲС
̫ĻȻ׵ģ˵ǻϸĶ䣬ʵǸҸͻƿȥ¡
̫̽ء
ã»ϲôģүҲǸ߶߶ȷʵʱȻΪТǶĶˣ㲻òܡ
ҪүȥǲãүȥܺԺµġ
ȥĻҪүԶţ㲻ˡ
ţҲãǷްҲͷˡ
̫۹壬Ϊ°ƲͲŻ᲻ˣҲʣ˾徻ˡ
ƴŰ뿪·˶޻Ʊܲ棬Զˡ
һȥ
˵Ϊˡ
ʲôΪѣı˸£ҵǺܸ˵ġ

û˵ʲôƵ˵һ㣬ĸ飬ûʹТ˺㺢ӵ飬ǲð졣
ǿܿˣǲϣТˣɷģȻŹТˡ
ҡͷǲҪģõұϲǷˣ£Ҫлл㡣
лҸʲôԼȡģҾͻȥ£԰꣬ұȻһ
°ƿԲܣ°ȴܶˡ
׼һͬȥǰߵĹȴͣˡ
ǰˣТ˭
(δ)

ڶپʮ Ϸˣү


Тǰ˱ȭ뵽Щʲôͷ˿أعʣТôڣ
ڱЩϰߡТ۰أ׹ضʲôϢġ
ǾͽȥɡȥТȻǲôȥ
ҾͲȥˣȥģҲûôֿ⼸Ѿ˼ɼ
Ȼȥ
Т˵ѾתТТȻĿһ£ҲǵȻ뵽еˣǸϵİ
˼Ҳڼᣬʲôǡ
ǲ㡣
ҲǱˣС
ôһͷڹ겻ͷˡ
ѾϰТֻˣҲ⵹ǺͰһš
ТǸޣֲҶ˵ʲôֻܸ˽ȥ
ƲˣſТТҪǲ³ԷТȥ˵ȥȥǲԸȥǱҲȥ
ս϶ϵŭ£ȥǳýҲʧȻǷȻ亢ߵޣĺˡ
µģТΪ֮ɡ
˵ŵТվվȣЩһϲԵȥ
Ÿ˵ҪȾȸ簡
Тǲ㣬Ҳף±ΪֻܿԼˡ˵ˣТһվ﷢
ƴŰȥԺȥؿҪȥ
ҡͷǲȥˣϾûʲôҪģˣĵززȥˡ
ȻˣϢԺҽ˰ѷ˸ưź׼뿪ȴŵԺ⡣
㻹ƿسȥʡ
ر˵ҪģֻҲǰ׼ġ
ЩףҲûиֱͣƿТſڳ֣й۲ʱ
ТҪظȻȥҡͷ˵أТ˰һƣİصˤˡ
Ҳ˲ֱӳ˳ȥס˰Ҵ򣡡
ɷ˵ĳ˹ȥֱץסТһ٣ТһֱĺУƲͣð
ôһТףб˵һҲȳˡ
Т뿪ʱһȳһߵġ
ޱ飬һȻȥˡ
ҹ˯һֱȥģ£Тˡ
һ磬ƻû͵ֲТ
ϣʹТſڣŵ˸ţֵ˭Ҳǰȥүȥ顣
һ˵ˣǰš
˭룬ѵ״ĺԺʿ
Ϲܼҵͷ˵ү
үŬһ£ûκεӡ
ȻͰֵһ㲻죬Һݣȴ
ŰɣŹȥ¾ͲҪˣүأ
𣬹ܼҲ˵һʹȥˣȥʲô˵ȥТˡ
ƿ۹ܼңϡˣеûˣ
ˣš
ȥŲȥү
үǸͷһͷǰûүҲ֪ǶӵˣǱġ
үûУү˵˻
ƮƮĿһү˵үүڣеˡ
£˶æҲǹˡ
үĻЩ̶ˣҲǺ۸ˣ仰á
үǹֱˣưݱѹһүүһ䰲ƲǶȴǺġ
ǱʹˣˣᣬȻǱˡ
үô˵ҲǣĵҲֻһ֮ڳҪúõУⲻǣȥ˸Ҳˡ
ȥ£ûү¡
үεˣվҲҲǣ˵Ļˡ
ǺƽʣүϣΪТ飿
ТԣȥҲһ٣ִܶ
үٰԹޣҲТĲǡ
ƿүţ˾ͶˣȻүˣǱȻʵϣ㲻үˣүﱾǲĵģүȻȥԺ֪ͨүТ޹أĪҪǣ
ʲô
үһ㵣øȻϷˣ
(δ)

ڶپʮ ׼

үҪƣɵסˡ
뿪ʱ͸һ̹
үƲ뿪г׼һЩԵģŰȥТǰ
ȻǱߡ
ǴТ飬Űơ
ƿӣһү
̧㱼ȥˣϳ˰ƶ棬Ȼûء
հ참ҪظţҲû
ǰʳУ˹ȥһͳˣ϶Ƕˣүȳԡ
ŴʳУ˶ƽϲԼڵģȻǵ⡣
鿴۶氲ƣҲ²סͣΪƲ֪
֪֪ԵõľǼÿٳһ
ûĿ۹壬˵ȥ׼ҵ顣
˷Ҳ˰׼ҡ
˴ƿ۰׼ϵİ׸֡
뵽׼ҿҲͨȻҽңǲ̫ţԺҲͨ
ϧˣ
£ɥ
ǰ˰֣ƿ۲ţȻǲ߰֡
ʱվڰߣƿү롣
⻰尮ǹߣ˳סƵִһȥ
׼ҴʱѾĻ̻̣û˸߰׼ҵô£ֻ˵ҪԺڵ飬Ժ˵ĺԺ׼ҵֻ뵽أΪǰհرˡ
ֻһؾ;˻ϣЩ˷ѽ⡣
Ǵ£ǸŮħͷʲô˭֪
׼ҾúܵùԵ޹ʵľͱס
׼ҴʱԺţƸţ׼ҵϰݼ
š
ð˵ʲôѾԸ£ȰѰ׼ʹһЩĴһطʣִΰСĴһȥʡ
öã׼ҵ˰Ժ鶼˵ˣаص飬Ϲӵȴ޴Ӳ
Ϊû֪ô£Ų鲻
ƲŴŹȥ¡
ڰҲʡ˲٣Ͳ˵ʲôһнɡ
Ӱ׼ҺԺ߹ϹһЩԺŮ죬Ӷѹһߣ󲿷ֶŮ졣
а׼ҵĶҲУŴɫѣԵùķĽΣһ˼˵ξݵߴӵżݲ׵ŮŹ򣬶ˡ
ڶǰͣ£糣Ǻˣ
ǶˣǴϡŵû겻ᣬƽܵĹˣһһҹҪˣֱϳȥѶһҲǲ̹ˡ
ṬʲôҲʵش
ʣԺиϹŮˣ֪
ϱŵûһ£Ȼʲôˣô죿
ûŵû¡
ʣ֪
Ȼͷô࣬ǲˡ
˵ɱû˵ӣô֪ӵģʲʲôˣҪС
ȥ̱ʣ˵ɡ
ڤ粻˱ûģɣ˵Ϊֹ
ȥ죬Ʋɽ𻢣ŵضɸӣ
˱ȥпʣϵ˶߶£ѲһȦĿ䵽һ˵ϡ
ʲôˣ

ŮòͶʮ࣬ĴţڶˣҲѿڸݡ
ʱǺ͸ݡ
֪ԺϹӵ飿
Ѿƽɲ밤ᣬԸһ˲ӣҲʹһ㡣
οòѵüرһǸòӣϵĺˣ˵
뵽Ҳڳɣ˵֪һЩ
š
ͷ۰ƣƵͷ
ȥƫ
ǡ
ˣƸ˹ȥʱش𣬰̶
˵׾ԶпϹ뿪ȥТ׾Զһ£Ϲӵݡ
׾ԶϹӲϲϹӡ
ϹӾˡ
Ͱ˵࣬ƿһĿڹÿԶ׾Զˡ
뿪ֱȥ˲ŵηŰưѿڹ׾Զˡ
׾ԶǸСµģԺһЩ飬ȴ
֤ȷ䣬ǰؼ˻ϣӻŭ̬׾Զ֪׼ڽˡ
Ҳ¸ƿͷﳼϣֻܻҰ׼ҵһСһжﳼ޹İ
ǲ޹Ҫϱ˻ϣǲǾͿˡ
ƻû˵ʲôѾڣ׾Զ׻ȥ㲻˵ˡ
׾Զʱӣ֪ˣˣȥʣ׾ԶҪȰ׼ҵ˱ԸһλᣬȻ㲻ܻֻҪϱӣ׼飬׼ҵ˱סܵģֻǡԼϲˣ
׾Զ̧ͷ·𿴵һ˿ϣæʣҪﳼκ
(δ)

ڶپʮ19100

ʣŮ¶ô˵
׾Զֻ֪֪Ǻޣûкһ㣬ѰǸС˽ᡣ
ȻǸףȴϲǸŮ
һΪ˵õҽŻȢ˰صĸףؾͻ뵽ǸȥŮˣǲϲ
Ϊȹ̰׼ңһŮһŮӡ
ûиˡ
׾ԶҲ˵ȷʵ˶Ƕȴⲻˡ
꣬ӲϺϣ˵ʲôҪ뿪׼ңһ֮½еĶҩعȥһӣұΪЩҩʮʮ֣Ҹ֪ʲôô⡣
ŭʳӣ㾹ȻôСĺӳ¶ʮֶҩ
׾ԶͷǸҲˣôһˣܵĶˣֺηֻ׼ٿǺã
Ұ׼ҲΪϾľҰ׼Ұɣ
ߣģҪҲ׼ᣡ
תߣа׾ԶѺŸŰ뿪
Ű뿪ûȥ︴ȥТ
·ϰⲻһôƻ侲Щ²ܸıģֻܾŬȥء
۲ѣŰƵ֣ЩãŭҪ̥׾Զˣ
ƿȥү
ȥţڱˡ
ΪΣ
˱һϱ

һƱ㲻˵ʲôˣЦˡ
ʱТڼáϾһ٣˭˭ܺãοǿСʳĸ۰мӲ˵ˡ
ТѾҪˣڴһֱáʹ
ߵİǿ޳ˡ
׼ҵǷ꣬ȻûӵϢȴ˵£˵Т֮Ϊ׼ˡ
С裬û¾űȥأԭҲǺϲТƾʲôؼ޸˿ȴʽƾżɫеɦŪˣܿͰѻ.ĵТ.ȥˡ
ҲͼΣͻ˺ӡ
ĸƾӹ󣬽ТȻǸС檣ʵĸһƹТ
ʱ޵ˮҼ
ҵûʲô˾ǣǺӿǿ⣬ô찡ûôôȥ
ТҲңȻ᲻ð࣬೤û㲻ҪǻĻġ
ġ
ѾТˣΪһŮš
ŮʱУֻһ
Т޵ľǰأ֪͸ðҲʡȥ鷳
ѱȻҪȥҸģ׼Ҳ֪ģøŻᱻ۸
ҷģˣһᱣͺӣĸƽƽ
˷ģТĻ
ТȴǣѰཻܻТǿԡ
ʱ򣬰ѾˣҪȥӭӰƣТȫˣҲһ⡣
Т˳һ۾Ϳ˰Т
ТĲᣬôû
ڰ࣬⵹ûôࡣ
ҲΪ²ؼֻǰƾã˺Ů֮飬Ůһһ롣
ȻŮ˻Ṵ.ÿˣңҲûô鷳ˡ
˵ף˲֪԰ô
ûĵ׵֮ôͻˣ
ԣƿĸоҲһС
ϲĻˡ
Сμ
Ůμ
ТŰݣƿɫҲˣûȥ
ҲżΨѰغߵ£Ʊ
Т㣬ǰؿйӣ
վ׿Խرڵô˵ʱվ̬ǹˡ
廤޿ħŽ§ڻָһЩˡ
һһȥģžͷǱѰ
Тʱȫۣһְһͷԭû뵽£ΪǶȥ̫ˡ
ʱðһ亹
Ҳûʲôֻ˵һ
ǺأƼʡ
Т˵С˿࣬һСһţ˭֪ôûˡ
СںޣҪСһʱʧأǺѾˡ
˵ТһĲᣡ
һ㶼ͬ飬ֵͬ顣
ТҪô˵ͺˡ
ТûĸȥϾǿҲὫǴˣϽʵ˵ֻܶźˡ
ТҧǱһʱͿ¿ȥڲ
ƿ壬ô죿
İƣһ԰
ˣТȥпʣƱҪʳ
(δ)

ڶپʮ ƳԹ

ТȥŵðƵĽȥĿ
һæźˣɲˣŮˣ
һŹ˰°ϣ౻߳ȥ˼ף䵽ϱŶڵϴ
һľү
岪Ȼŭ︾ҹ
죬ܵһҰ
뿪壬˲ȥ࣬޹ģܲܲܺӡ
ɨ裬ںӻûʲô£óŵı̥ȸ£ûʲô²뿪
಻װ̥ڵϿ޺
ʱпĹ壬΢΢סˡ
Ź壬Īϲ
Тֱ֮
ɫһһŰȥһߡ
ʹڹĶ˵˼仰һ߰ɡ
Ʋ⣬뿪Т
Űʣôˣ
ˣ˵ȥǴҲûá峷ˣŰн
ȥϵۣ࣬ϵ˿ڹŭ˿ڹ׼ң£ɥãݡ
СĿһۣڣѾϵǼˣ
㿴δ£
ϵۿ壬Ȼɱ߱ĸõҾз䣬ŮΪū
ţҲˣȻˣǱ˰ɣ
ϵּ죬ҲЩˡ
֪ӲܲͣȷʵҪȥȥЩ˵
ǡƴĵ˳
ȥʺ칫Ӧš
ʣôˣźϣ
ūģǲİɡ
͹ˡȥ˻ʺڷǹպ˽ʺƽܡ
ˣ
ˣƽҲͲܾˣƺҲͱˡ
ǵȻһЦٽ
ɡ
ƽתȥƿ칫˽ȥ
ʱʺԺţӹԽĴǰˣҲݵĳƣôŮվŮˣʲô飬㲡
Ƴ洩ŻɫķۣһӣݵӷһԵޱˡ
ƽŹ񣺡μʺ󡣡
ƳȥӿƵĶӣ˵ģһ
ƳЦȴЦ
°ɡ
ȥ£ʺ󣬳ּ
Ƴַŵϣɨ裬һջ֡
麮ҪúõУһƿ裬ʺ£ÿΣˮͷ
ưѰɫҩƿ£ʵǸ׼ģȻ˷ǹǾȸƳ
ƳһۣȻллˡ
ְ𣬳ҡ
ƳҲû˵ʲôһҩƿ˵ˡ
ˡ
ӷǹϧù鲻ãϧù̫ˡ
ȻϧùڹʵΪ˻ʺġ
ƽܸŰһ뿪ǹ˶û˵Ƕ׷ʲô顣
һȥ幬ʹȻסˮ
幬ƺƽܽţйӭӣƲȽȥѾ˳
ʱͬգȹ
æŷˣ˵Һܼ
лл
ƿŸŽȥ˱ֱԸſʱƻе顣
ʧȥӲãƲ˵ֻǺ̵˵˼䣬㲻˵ˡ
뿪ǰĿͰ뿪ƽʱһ뿪
˽飬ƽܵˡ
ٽ˵ǡ
ƽͣ£һǺϲϲ֪㣬ƫƫԿء
ƽǰ˵ֻȰ˵ŮӶǣαҪϲһз֮˵ȥ
ŮȻܶ࣬Ƕ㡣
ƽ˵ȥ˷ǹ򣬰ƺһ꣬վһȥĵǱߡ
·칫˵ٽԭȾϲԴ˵硣ĺܶ࣬žڱ˵ʲôǲ
ҡͷֹߣЩԽ;Խٽǻɣǡ
칫ڶԣǿ۷ǹķ򣬶ȥĵ
Ѿĵƿһۣ칫ȥϱ飬һ뿪
Ƴ飺ʺӰ˶ˣҸһƿҩҪǳˣҾԡ
Ǹǻǻ㲻Ȼǰ᲻ģֻƿҩȴδػԡ
ŰƵ֣˴
˾ˣеĺⶼɺ⡣
ʺԹޣôҩ
ƽܴӷǹڵսȥͿƳƿҩ赹ˮƷˮ
ҩܿڻƷʱ򣬵ֻҩܿ棬ʲôûˣ
(δ)

 ص̽

ƽܽžͿϵҩˮˣҩζеģ档
ƽԽվſڿƳ˽ô
ѵ˾ȫˣ
ƽվſĪƳûоţȥһߡ
Ƴŷ˷ؿڣſʼޱĶһط
ƽʣΪʲôôû˺㣬һֱľչ㣬Щҩ׼ģΪ飬Ϊѵʱ򣬶㣬㲻ǵôҪô
ǹ޹ڻһЩˣƽѾںʲôˡ
˷׷ȥƳƽܿȥɫ䲻á
£ϵ䣬ȥһǿֲ
ƽܸܲЩֻ֪ĺý㲻ˡ
֪ⶼΪʲôΡ
Ʋ˵ǽѡƳԣѾˣûʲôɹ˼ɵˡ
ҪͻѰһߡ
ƽҡͷ˭Ҳڣһ
ƽܣΪһˣҪܽ㣿Ƴ۵׺ᣬΨһĲµľƽܣ飬һΪ
µȴ˵
ƽҡͷҲǲܣǹܲˣ㲻ԭĽ㣬ˣҲʶˡ
Ҫߣ뿪
ƽת뿪Ƴվס
ƽվסƳ˵ҪߣߵԶһ㣬Ҫٻ
ƽתƳŲ԰׵û˵ת뿪
ƳЦƣ㵲סҵ·ͱ顣
ҹ꣬Լն׾ԶվڿԺ꣬һİء
˵ǰŰƣ˵ǰŰء
ȥĻ㣿
ܾΣȻ׾Զˣⰸûʲô׾ԶˣʲôֶΣŻһ£ͻɱ˵顣
Т飬ɱҲϳϴ˰غӵ飬Ҳ˵ܺ룬Ҳݲ˶ԷȥТⲻһĥ
شʱƽ˿ͺ֪Щʲôһ۰ƣѾҺܶˣֻϣľҸҪѻ
űˡ꣬ô
ؿϿſĹ壬˵֣°ˣĺܽ
˵ȥô꣬һá
Ʋ죺ҲУ
С
ҡͷоҡͷû
ʣ
үɡ
Ʋ죬ŷӦӦ˵š
ڡ
뵥ϥ¡
Ʊһ㿴忡Ⱦһ˿û̧ͷרĿ顣
ǰƳģҲǴʱ֪дһЩ飬Ҷ֪ġ
ŻЩӶᵽ棬ƲһĿ
ֻǰһЩطīˮɫ֣ԭıû˹ϵƫƫϲġ
ԭĺ̹رҰ.ս֪ͻΧʱڻȻ·Ķߡ
ʱ̹ŰǱߵģ˵һر֪̽Ӧ
㲻ˡ
.Ƣϴڣȥƨɡ
صǼ֣Ҳ룬үɡ
ƿɲǲں壬ҲǿͼҪӦԵûеˡ
ֻεľأδعܵ˹塣
ӦˣܾĻȷʵܶˡ
ȥȻܾĺɡ
ر㿴ŰƲԲƽѡ
һϮźһ򿪣ⵥϥˣˢ˵壬˶ܳĬ
Ʊ紵㿪
ؿɺƽԸţТȥ
ǡ
ӺһֽɡߵſڣТ롣
˿δʣҽⶾ˵ԸҽⶾҪ޸ΪԸ⣿
ˣҲ˵ϵĹ壬ǰŲҲסˡ
ɲͣ͸߶ڵˡ
ҧҧѾ¶࣬ǲԭҹƽĵĮαװ˱ַͻ㲻ѿƿȥȴѿʱҪɱ˵˼
ɺڴŰƣƴδػô˵
ƿ˻Ṭ壬תܵȻĿȥ
Ī˵ûк룬з֮δŮӣҲδͬ⣬ȻܺãҹϵȻ
ίңί
һ
ﲻɳһҶδģ
Ȼһ˳ȴվ顣
ν飬ѣһʰ
ݵµˣ
(δ)

һ ŭ

ɱɢȥãӶ̹ˣɢĿ˿飬ͷڹǡ
˵˼ҶǷģҲһʱ
ʱ䣬õĸ顣
ҲһգԸҺξ;Ҷȥأ
ĳ·˿ĿİȤˡ
ٶ̧ͷŰ·ĿİȤ
ȥסص֣֪޿ǡֻǼˣѵ赲㿴õ۾ô
ܴ󣬺αؾڴˡ
һҽ˲ϧô
ǳȥ߲ã
һ̥Ҳ֪˵Ǽ٣뿪ķһˣ
һЦָ̧Ź壺Ҫһ˰ɣŵù
Σֻÿ塣
岻ϣ̹
үأ
ɫһǽѾʣָء
΢΢̧ͷѾ̽Ƥ⣬ѪѪǺɫġ
Ƹоľˣһ飬
үҲû֪ˡ
ƿأ̫־ˡ
ҲûзŻ
Ӵţ˪˵ɱ㣡
㲻ɱң㻹ҪһˣΪĶֻܽ⣬ѪԽⶾǽⲻҵġ
ôƽʱľٶȴŭ˹塣
΢΢ζӳһߵȥ
ǰһѱסơ
ơ
˫۽գѾ˹ȥ
Ȼ̧ͷأصȻû£ȥ
屧ƣھɱ㡣
͵øᣬȥһܸҩһʱĺͻֹͣû£ĺҲ¡
ȻŭҿЦƷŵϣƸǺñӡ
˵߰ɡ
˵ɡ
忴ȥ⽣ӰûС
㲻ҪУ㻹Ҫң֤ҲʪˣҲ
ϱĶһζ
侲Լز˺ƣ
ȥſڣһɡ򿪣ֱӵס˰ϵˮ
үչˣСһЩ
Ҫ뿪뿪ʱԸˡ
ŽԺ˶ſվŰơ
뿪ޱĴŰȥ̵ķ
˶˵ֱ档
ӭ׼ն
ԶԶĿŰ׾ԶԴ
һ㶼ûо壬Ҳûϲɫ
ӣǸûи顣
弱ҪȥҲܰصı飬˵߰ɡ
ظȥ
ʱû˵ȥҲû˵ŭһֱ
뵽ƲϵĺѪͷŭ
ɱ˰ء
ظŹصŰȥƣƵȷû£˵˯ʲôʱ򣿡
۾忴ˣȥ
ơ
үû£˲Ҿûˡ
ȷʵܺá
˵ߣƺ͹һȥѾȥҩǱˡ
ƿȥǶʲôˣ
ɫһʲôû
ģ
ƼװţߣҪʲô׺䡣
䣡
һףһ
һƿȥүʲô
£
һŭţ
Ϊ˱ʾģֺ̧ʽķʽ䣬һס
˷׷׿壬ǲү֤
忡ģˣ򲻴򣿡
һ׶ûУҲСˡ
˸ʱ곹ͣˡ
վſڿۣŭ·
䣡
ŵһ£ƻȥ
үʲô˼
ģȥſŭΣ
ͱסû˵ıס
վס죬Ļᡣ
ȥҲǿˣͲˡ
ȳȥŹϣȥϢƷԸ¡
ŹϹƵ֣Ϊβñ˵
˵͸û֣
ƺЦŹȥϡ
ʱ磬Ϣ
͸ӬһĲ̹ʲôû
š
Ƶ˽⣬ܰѹӣʲôɲţ
£ЩƲ֡
ŰưĲӣô
ҡͷۣҩоۣɫѪһСϷˣֻҩҵĲӣҸȫˣҲŻε
岻ãذɣ
ƺЦȥһڹأ
Ժת˼ڼ֣
û˵갲Ѿ뿪⿪ˣһ߽⿪һ˵ТͷϣҪǻȥˣҲɡ
(δ)

 ׽

嶢Ű·֣ࡣ
뱾θɣ
үأƵͷ°ͣסڴϣ˫ȻȻĻסƵӡ
ƺ˿ߣҹүµĴ֣֮졣
΢΢֣棿
Ȼ
ǱҪ˵
Ȼ
һҹЩ£˯
Ҳƣ룬˰ϡ
ѾˣƳȥأ֪Ѿȥˡ
ƶپòãȥТ
ű㿴Ժ￴ƿû²˿
û°ɣ
Ƶİȥȿ
Цĺ⣬ĸû˸Ϊҡ
Ϊʲôң
ҡͷʱû£ҲϢӣȹҾȥ㡣
ƿŰص۾Ҳȷ˵ĻǼٵģҲû취ŰȥҲֻա
Ͱ뿪Т뿪ǰҽƣƽõģúÿɡ
Ʊ飬ת
Ǹȥϡ
ﰲƷҽ鿴ţصģһЩڰƲ֪ġ

һִҽ˵Ŵҽѧ˵Ҫ
ƿһ·
ص￪ʼоĶ
Ҫؽⶾܷ
үĶ»ҪͷүˡһæŽⶾһߺ͹˵
Щվſ۾ŰƿҲ
תŻ
үʲôأ
ûʲôֻȤ
̹
죺˵Щ
ʲôҲʲô˵¡
⻹ó˵
æſſڣǲڣŷһЩ
Ҳûת˹ȥߵƵ§°ѹڰƵļϣƣϲ
ϲҲ˵죡
Ʋĺǳ⣬˦˦æ
ǱȥҶġ
֪ҪͻƿڣҲû
תˡ
Σμ˾Σסի徻ⲻ˵ˡ
ǡɽκ˹պԺ￴˹ȥˣ˹ȥ
֪˲ģƵģ˼ҿƺæתȻȥˡ
իŵ棬˾ôˣ߸һƼҵѾͷһκ֡
ڰб
ƼҵѾͷǵ֮Ҳõġ
κʱСţȻûʲô¡
˱ЩģһСѾͷô˺Ӷ֪Ҫһϲӣǰࡣ
Ȼ˼֡
ӹģҲû¿˳ŹķȥˣҲ˹ȥ
һͿתˣȥ˱ĵط
פƬ̣Χ۲죬ǺڵĿԡ
ַȥġ
ĸۡһԣţǵķһϵģûʲôˣүĶǵĸۡˡ
ĿŭڣǷˣ
ӺŹȥԽԽȻȥǱߵġ
ߵ棬̧ͷ˿κ˵Щʲôκֵͷȥš
һСˣС˿Цˣ˵ЩͰ˽ȥ
Χ˿Ƶһߣǽϣû˽ȥ
ȥ⼸ǿԣȻûˣǿַˡ
׼˸ϣܺһ㣬ô
֪ϺصͤţͤﱸһЩˮ˰Եġ
˽ͤκֱһߺš
ǸˣǼκ֣ҲҪ
ֲؾнһˣϢ
κֿԼıݣūվžͺãл
ˣŹȥ£һ֦ˣصؽ׼ģ֪㰮ԡ
˹ȥ̰ԣʲôãǰ졣
ԲȥǺܰԶһͲžͺˡ
ˣθڲã԰ɣˣ˸࣬ҸҪģȥ㣬϶ܰ㣬֮以ãȥʱֺæû취ˡ
˸ԣҽȥҺҽ̫ҽԺԺУҽĿԿ϶а취ġ
ˣΪұǹⲻȥ
ںѣĽŲһߴ
ֿȥ㿴ŶǱˡ
(δ)

 ˵

ү
е֣Ź˰죬վ
ɫѿģ˾ˡ
ϴζȶˣպȻ֣Σ浣ġ
ôڴ˴أ̨׽ͤӣ˵ǰͷ۾˲һʱ侹ȻҲ޷ͣǽͲ
үġ˱Ҳ¶ֵֻͻȻһɱ֮ȻȵģŬƽҲͺЩˡ
ǰЩ˲ȥˣãŭ
˱ͲǶŮ鳤ˣ˿᲻Ҫ˵ַŭ
ŶүЩô
ʵĸˡ
ĵģ
ӣǿѹŭ𲻸ƽϡ
ת˵ղɺã
ڱõôԺǲҪǲ֪ͤﱸ˾Ʋˡ
˵һɨϵˮģŵúһˡ
ˡ
ᣬ㣬ڼƲǲǵˣǰѱĻ˶Էˣ
ƢȻŲ²𣬵ûƢһŭһץϽʣµӣֱţŵ˫ֵסȥʹ
ŵɫһףҪȥκۼֱֿӵסˣ԰꣬ūа취
ʱһֱκദʲôκ˵бȻС
æżȥκ֣κС˵˼䣬æŵͷ
ۣ֣ۡ
סκֵ֣һҺܡ
׼ӳȥ˲ãתٻص˵ߡ
һãվסˣ³Ҫ£˲˴ᱧֱ뿪
Ҳ˳ȥſڱˡ
㼱æȥǱһýڶֻҪڣҲܾȻǽ˹ײģģܻ
һֱˣȻߣȴûзſˡ
Ҳû˵ֻнŵܿĽţϾҲΪ˸⺢ûҲһķɡ
κֵǾãүû˼ǲ˼
Ǻ£κִ滪̫
˴˵ǲ֪ôˡ
ϴ󣬻ǼװȥκҲûż˳һ亹
κִչţһ·ֱӰ˱ի棬Ըκȥ밲ƣ
κתȥʱߵʱŴ淴ˣ˻ǴҪģҲûȥ밲ƣſڵˡ
±￴˿ԭӣֻǻһЩõϾ֮ǰ˯ġ
£˵֣˵ֻ벻˵ӡ
ô
׻ˣ˲˵ѣرǶŶô˵ǷޣɷҪƭȻ
һ죬˱
ﶼۣ֮ǰүҪ֣Ҿ취װˡ
û뵽үΪ棬үˡ
˴Ӵȥ˫ֱȭȥϹϾⲻǡ
ˣʣκҲˣ
Ѿͷĵ벻Щǿ͸ˡ
κ֣æ˵º޹أһ˵£οȥκҲ֪үŭҲΪҲظĪˣպҲͲˣҲظүˣ
է˵ĻмֵԽԽ
ϣ˦˦ϵӽ˫ȸϣһȻĿʣʲô˼
ʲô˼Ҿ룬㿴Ĳ˳ģҿҲǲ졣
ԭҲ޸㣬ĸ˵ƷãϽǿҷҲˣһǵϣ฻ס
Ȼϵ£Ҳǿϡ
ͽϲǽ˺һսɳǶôݵ顣
ѧ峵෴壬秵˵ס
ǸףƲͭ
ͨҲңƼҵŮӶܱ뺷Ƿ˵ȢзŮӣҲȢƼŮƼҵŮȢȥȢ˸ȥ
Դ£ʮίСȻǲ̫ÿ
һˣֻѾͷģҲ˵ʲôˡ
˱ּ˵޸үһܾΡΡʼôûкж
ݣӢۻүǣʼңȻٲǵ졣
ǣүڲ˵ǺͿ
ҵģǺӳү˵׼Ҳүһų
˵ʲô˵Ҳɵӣˡ
(δ)

 ֮

ûյıףֻ˼ӡ
ûᱻһŮıͣ˵һǴƵġ
ƽϣҪ㣬Ǿ仰Ȼܣһʼҵϱ˵ݾݣ
ûи飬ȥҪô
ЩߣûˣҲ룬ôȥô
źӲôһף֮ˡ
Ҳܳƣ˵һǴȻ޷
ֱͦӣ˵Σ룬Ҳ㣬ںӣҲ˵ǰ㡣
ЩȴһǴ
öˣٳűǡ
ӵɴûеʲôʲôвţ˵ĳôǸүҪǲǣ
˳Ƶȥ£ҲҲǣô죿
ʱһѲűǸ˵Ķˣ
Ȼ֪˵˭
ⶼʲôʱˣ˼˵Щ
ҲͶ˵ˣп˵塣
˲˵Ҳǰһᡣ
˾ûʲô˼Ҷʲô˼վ
ˡ
ƿ˾ʹ뿪߾Щ᲻ãӾˣѵû˼Ҫ߱ЩãҲⲻã˳ȥ
˵ԺҪȥģߵſȴûƿš
ãô
κվſ˭ҿڣ˶ſڲ
Ҳ֣Żû˳
ᣬҲˡ
ҿ
ߵſ׼ţ취ҲУҪʲô
ˣȥ̸ף
סˣȵȰɡ
ǵ˾Уס˳ȥⶼʲôʱˣ
ҸûȥˣȻĸҪˡ
˻ǸСѾͷʱż
ȴܵס˾ǲóȥģȥǾͲסˣɡ
¶˵ܲһӡ
˻ͷȥֻȥˡ
ԣǾãҰĲһһЩ
Ȼ˵ֱӣܱȾҪá
һʣԶô
˴ִЦ˵ģú˵Ҳúûش
öˣĶ⻰ǴŴ̵ġ
֪˶ԾгɼҲ˵ʲô䡣
ΪѾаˣͿ˺ϲ裬ҲǸмģһ飬Ҫæβû뵽ô㺦ˡ
ǣȻ
ੲݵ˵һһֱȵڣκֲŻ
Ҳ˯ˡ
κֽű˵ʲô˰֣ʾȥ
κŵͷתˡ
Ź϶˯ŵˣҲ֪ʲôǺϣ˳˳
Ƶ֪ڸЩ⣬ûסʹܼңģ
ǣ˶ˣ֮իûܼʵ߰ơ
ȥ壺үأ
ǣ岻֪£ȥҶ飬ȻҲ֪ʲôܹҪʲС
ի˲ȥˣⶼŻҲȷʵʲô顣
ʵƷȻ²ģЩͿ£һģŮӲ벻֪ܻȴ˺ƴȥػһ㣬ҾãǸˡ
ǶĲܱ࣬ТҪġƽĶۣǾöҲпȡ֮
Ůӣ˭ϣиԲһаˡ
о仰ô˵Ըվȫ磬ֻΪػ㡣
˵Ķô
֣ǾܲǷˣ
ԥһ£ģֻ˲磬˲磬ȴġ
ҲǴģֻã˾
ɲôΪĸвã;Ĺ÷ơ
ǲùģʱҲĵġ
ǻˣôơ
ҪĴŮҲãȴƫƫǡ
ƿɫԽãԲ˵ˡ
ʱ䲻磬ƸȥϢµʱ˵صҽϡ֮Ҫúõо
ȻѰصĶ˭뵽ڶһ磬ʹجġ
ƱѵʱѾ˵ˡ
ЩãȻ˵ʲô
Ҳǲò˵
ոմϢڸԾˡ
˫Բεȥ£һѱס
Ʊ۾Ҫȥ
ܲ׼¿ֲģ˱𣬳ȥТ
ϰһֱڹĻһֱû˵
ƿТſѾ˰ɫһЩɥҲɥ£ѹĿš
ƽȥѾʬڵˣƿ˰ײصĲպۣһ£ӱϣͰɫһܡ
Т޵ĺģξС檰ࡣ
ΪТˣǼһΪūТС檶֡
ʱ޵ġ
ûôȥޣŰصֿŰػԾȻ
(δ)

 ľٷ

ȻƲô飬Ծ鶼κε
Ƽ˰סĵطӺܸɾǰûκĺۼ
Ͽһֽ
𿴣ֻ֣
Ŀһʹû취һУôˡ
ТΪ˲ð鷳طᣬһֱȵᣬТ졣
ľȴ춼û֡
һֱûߣϣľʱܸľһ㣬ľ޾û
ᣬꡣ
ƸڳĶ棬ǺصĹ餣˵ı
˾ôˣһ嶼ûС
餴Ӵоһа磬˶ˣϵһЩ̸Ҳȥʼղİƣ̵ס˰Ƶ壬λڻ
ȴż꣬ҲҪȥһصĹ餣ǲĵġ
˶˵ʱ򣬴з·ˣһһ٣ʹͷףӹ΢΢ţʹ˺ܶ࣬һƺ«һɫ·ڴлƮƮɡ
ٿ꣬ʮ£һˮɫ·¡
ȻкӣȴݱŮӻҪÿ
סֱۣҪٿһʲôûˡ
ϵߣТڳĶﺿޣ޵Ļ̻̣޵İƷơ
һ·ȥҼҶűջû˳֡
˶˵Ǹˣ˰׼һС׼ھ治ҽңǼΪն˼ҡ
صΪڰ˵Ƕǵһѿҽˡ
ȻҪ޼ֵġ
ˣҲû˿ء
һ·ŵ˷صأΪǺģԲܽأҲ˵ķصܽȥ
£ƲûȡıҲؽķصأ˽Ϊǲϡġ
ТΪ˾⣬޵ȥһˮأǿġ
Ǹʱ򣬴ͣϢˡ
һȺ˿ŹᣬТС檾ڷͷޡ
˱˸ǿˡ
ТһߣҲͽˡ
ûߣǹķͷƲ⣺ҲΪҪΪһЩֵõ뿪
ϾǶǶˣûһµô
˫͸۾ͻʹ
ʹûа취ТǸСô
ذɣ֪϶ܸˡ
ϣҲΡ
˶ˣվҲûãԼ벻˭ҲȲ
ƿĹ壬ʪˣ϶ûʲôġ
ү߰ɡ
ܸҲ޲ȥúõĻš
ˣܸȥ
ƻȥ·һֱܳĬŻȥϢһ£뵽˹ײĵа硣
ү㿴ûаˣƵʱʱ򣬹Ҳùǿˡ
嵹Ǻ⣺ʲôˣ
û
Ű˵һ顣
ҡͷ£
š
˼صԡϢȻҪš
˰ƻصҩܾÿյģ忴ܱˣԸȥսȥ˸ͱ˳Ҳˡ
ƱǿбصƫȥϢ
ô˯ţҹֳš
Ҳû취ˣǸĵʱ򣬰ʶʱȻ̣ȴ˰Ƶĺѡ
ûѣʲôо
ϵۺͶĸǲͬģƶ԰صĸ飬ͬðɡ
Űڿյ˵Ľϣһ·ȥ˳ķصء
ȥʱƣǲܳȥȻŹǲ˵ġ
˳·УͰѰƱ
Ƶǰ
һֱ˷صأҲǰĻסˡ
¹£涣һɫµվڷصص棬һѽŷصŮӻӺꡣ
ŮһѸͷٷأһİҲˡ
˷£§Űƿ
ľޣǿ϶ģֻľ޲Żһ߿ޣһ߷ŭһٷأ
š
Ӧſһߴɫµӣƽܻ˭
ƽܺľһ𣬵Ǻ⣡
뿪ȥľޣľԼͣٷأվ·ǲ֪һ
û˵ľһֱٷأһֱʱڿ餡
ľްĸͷӵһߣȥ
ƿľ޿ޣҲ
ƽߵƵߣس£ͱһֱڣűųһٷء
ʣô֪Щ
ƽһϵô
ƵͷȥһľͷĺӣӺܾ£ţǰصģ
ƽܰѺӸ˰ƣ͵Ҹȥġ
ƴ򿪺ӣһ滹һֽ
ӰƼȷڰصͷϿ
ֽƴ򿪣ǰصıʼ
(δ)

 չ

ŵʱѲ˵ѾڶĽ
֮һˡ
֪ʱ޶ࡣ
뿪ǰ㣬Ҵ¡
Ψһܷıľޡ
㲻Ҫʳԡ
İ֮»ô
ѾڵĶѪ˶꣬˵綾ޱȡ
ҪϵĶֻҪˮɵõҵĶ
ˣԶ
ԾҲɱˡ
лһң֮Ҫͷϣмǲ̫ãԡҹߣ
䶾ײַ㡣
öˣҲ޷ַ㡣
Ƶһںϸһᣬ漴ͷϡ
ƽܿĲȥæָոմоָ飬Ͽˡ
Ƽֽϡ
ǵãֻܴ㾱ϵʩ룬ѾĽҩעɷȥ
ү㲻ɡ
ӣָϻһ£һѪָסƽܵ°ͣѪ˽ȥƽˣæϴ
ƽָãһԵĹ嶢ͷϵӳ
Ƽ
һ𣬵Щá
ľޣұ㲻ȥ
ء
ؾʣ
ƿԵĹ壬ʮѿǷű
ƽʱǿЦãȴޱġ
תȥƽܣƽѾûʲôˡ
۾ƽʣΪʲôǰûжóֻֽм֣ҪҰѺӽ㣬ôô֣
Ƶǲȣƶ֣ȻˣĶȴûһõӵʱ򣬺һҩǺ٣ͻʧ

ƽҲȷǲǣû˵
оۣûа취Щ
ҪϢһᣬ̫ǿнҩĺҲܴûʮǲûµġ
ƽû˵û
ƿǰ棬ľǱ߹ȥ˹ǰ棬ľѾøͷѹײĸٿˡ
ҲʲôֻҪһ棬ѹײŪôȥ
餴򿪰Ҳȥأȥʱ򣬹ľȴտҲ
סľҲסˡ
ľ޵ңôһطȴұȫ磬һڹײ޺
һ¹壺үȥ
屧ȥңʲôûҵ
֮ǰа¿ˣѵǴˣ
ľ޷˷һƲסƽ侲۹壺үְɡ
Ҳûɣһƴľ޵ĺϣľǰһ˹ȥ
屧ľȥһȦڹײʲôûҵ
ϣһһٰ˴ˡ
ľ޷ŵƽߣתȥҰơ
һ湬ʰƣҲŰһᣬҲʲôûҵ
һ¹壺ȥ
ᱧŰƣȥ档
ľǰƲŸһ£˵϶֣Ҳܾôˣ˵
Ҳã˵ͷ
Ƶһᣬľ˾Ҫˣһסڰϵ󣬺ϧһӿˡ
ûꣿصТˡ
ľһ°۾ŭŹ壬ûмȥǿײǱߡ
Ƶ˵ز棬ӦǺ¡
ľ޻ƣʱѾˡ
ߵؿǱߣפ㳯ŷؿ濴
ڳʱ򿴵һ˺һֹʱұһа缱괵ĶΣ˶Թ˲ϾүңҲܿһǰ棬ֻһۣ˾ʧˣ˵ĸоǻþ
ү˵û
תľޣľ˼˴ˣЩʲôˣΪʲôߣ
ô֪֮ǰ˵ʦʦֵģϹʱ˵֪ͨǵģ֪ǲǱˣֻǵıˣĿǺܴġ
ľһػţ˾
ȥҰƣ㲻ƭң
ҿԷģƭ㣬׺䶥
˵̧ͷһۣүǸӣҪȻǹĻǵùˡ
ľˣ˲ᣬһ¹壺ߡ
ſĳɺͳᡣ
˦ԵĮ飬ӵĿ۰ơ
ϴΰ˯ŵǵãΪҪȢľ飬¸ܻ䡣
ƿ۹֣ľ޲㱻˦ͷ
ԭҲô̫ˣûԶܳٷأѾûˡ
µķصŢߣڶľ˵Ĵ粽Уǿľŭˡ
壬㻹ұôСʱңôˣ
ľһҲŭˣľŭ֪磬ҪһЩõĿĪ˵ֻǱõ⣬ǵʲôҲίңѵҪ㣿
꣬ʲôʱ򣬻˼Щ
(δ)

 ТԸ

ƲԸתˡ
忴ߣתҲҪߣľһס
ľŭ𣺡壬ձҰŪԭӣȻҸû꣬ҾȥҹùãƼ޸㡣
㲻ǲҼ޸ô
ҾͷҪ޸㡣
ߵԶţٴΰľ޴ˣҰơ
˰߹˰ˣ˰ѷĹŪԭӣľ޺ƽܴ
Ǻ͹岽лȥ
Ʋۣһֱص飬ûб뷨ֻϣš
صѾˣ˴ͷ˯
ϣܼҼææԺѰƸˣ崩·ȥˡ
ƳŹѾȥˣ˹ܼҲ֪ТˣТС檸ˡ
ʲôлˣĸв⡣
ϹܼҡͷҲ˵ǸˣĻ֪ոܻģ˵ǿźܺˣ
ԥһ£үҡ
ǡ
ܼȥȥš
ľ޾ˣҰƸ¾Ϳľޣľ޺ܲ£ӳԷ
һǷǮһԵˡ
Ƶûľޣͨˡ
ܼҿǿȥˣǶԲˣ޲ȥˣҲûҰ
ʣٽô
һġ
ܼæ˵۾ˣ߲ſڲˤֻȥˣոհүķԸ˸˹ȥźӦó˷ˡ
Ƶ⣬˹ȥź
úչһȥ
Ƴ˷ȥƽܣȻź
Ƹˣ˻ԣֻһЩҲΪжĹϵ
ƽܵӰңҺƽǷҪ巢ҪȻҲǸǷģľǹ塣
ҩƽܣ˿ʼơ
岻ʣܻȥ鷳ЩҪȥ߹ˣҲؼһʱҡ
ƵˣʣҪȥ
߹أұҪر߹صģ֮ڲȱǡƽҲûм˵ʲô
˰ȥ档
ܼҸŰƣʣƽҪȥ߹ˣ
š
ûʲô˵ġ
ʵڱ߹صĽʿ֮ʵʵĴ̣ػΪҪҲ뷨ʵҪԭΪĸŮֵڻϵ
棬Ů˺Ӷ٣󽫾ŮүةŮڻ̫Ůڶ
ǣƵġ
Щ̵ĽܶĹͣ˵ˣΪֺûϣΪŮкӹ
˾õӡ
ϣ̫󶼸ӡ
ΪĹʹôģϹͣʲôЩû̹ˡ
ȻҲ˺ܶĺôŴ
ܼҿɲôģһ뵽ƽҪˣܼҾͺܷģ¾ûܸү鷳ˡ
ȥоſ塣
˻ȥſڼ氲ƿɫǺܺá
ôˣʡ
ТڸǰѰˡ
ĶﻹкӣʱӵˣѪԼҲˣڸõԲУǸûˣ
˵ʱƽƻеûĻ
Ǹĸ
忴ſڵˣȥڰƶ˵仰Ȼ̫ˣ
˵̫໹أ̫໹жֻǹܲˣһԼˣ˵ʣˡ
ƾ㵣ˣ
ŰƽȥǺһˮ˵ĸҽ˵ģҲȷʵڴϲȣţûӣŰɫĲ
Χ˶ˣүֵܶڣǶһݣ˵ûܰæ
Ա߷һ̣ŵľ˵Ķ滹һײ
ûôϸجΡ
£ү⻰˵ĺֻ
ûֻֻ֣Ժô죿
ҿɲšһ£ʵˣֻҪ޾Һ̨Ҳǿ԰ӻȥġ
ɲҲȥŮ˼ôܸ飿
岻ˡ
Ц£ҲŲȥһجءҪǻţ԰ϾɷֻҪָһ£ӦÿԲԺǸˣܻеİɣڽЦ
ү֪̫໹Ҫʹࣿ
ü֪
ү밡̫ǿʼĲȥŮ˵ģТǸˣζȥŮ˵ģʲһ
ү㣬ȥŮҲˣӸûʲô궯Ůˣү
ɫһû˵ôһ벻Ůˣ벻ûĵ
(δ)

 ТĨ

ƺ֪ô£ҲȥТݣǷ£ҲͲùȥˡ
Ƶǿľ޽ܸˣԺ￴˭˵Ц㿴Ҳû˦
ƿʱѾڵʱˡ
̫࣬ʱ򲻵ò£ʲôʱߡ
Ҳû
ܸˣѯʣľתһ죬ˡ
ƿİͺң˰ȥ
Ժûľˣ˵ػˣһǱʦʦĶӴˡ
ȻҪģ˺ɣŹТġ
İС檴ˣԼ˸Լ˵صˣػţҪô֪ر۸飿
ľô˵ƵǾе
࿴һľޣ˵ҲǴˣص³ѵ㻹ôŮһҪһˣһˣкӡ
ԭȱغõȥˣصǱТǸ쵰ƭˣƤҪ޸塣
ڻп˵ңͲΪô
Ʋؾȥľ˵Ҳֱ̫ˡ
гҲͲƽˡ
˹ġ
뿪ҰƸպùƹֱȥ˴
˵ʲôǷϻȴҸ֪ˣҸТġ
Ƶͷˡ
ľ޿뿪ҲŲϡ
ƻȥ˵Ҿľ˵ĶԣҩȵТˣүҲСģҲҪżȥ졣
һ̫࣬˵ȥҲǺܶ˵һ飬˵ǲǣ
Ƶ˼ҩȵ˺£ˡ
ʣүǲڹְϣΪʲôǳ㣿
ұҲΪҪȥ참ӡ
Тô飬֪߱Ҳòȥ
ô˵үȥǿ֣ĲûУ
š
Ҿͷˡ
ƲˣҲͲТˡ
Ϣһ˵ڶȥϣſͥ塣
ТѾھǴˣ˭֪ТԹ飬ТҲ˸ȥ
ʱܲʺһ¡
˵ǹ˵ǰػˡ
ԩС檱ǹ顣
ڽվһᣬ͸ŹȻȥˡ
Тܿ췢ͣƵſ
ֻܾǸʼТҪĺҲǡ
ȻТôСҲôңѵܻţ
պʥּ

ľſڵȣȵſ
ү
˰ȥŹ壬˵үȥ״ˣ˵ûˣҪ¡
˵ҪԼһˣƲ뵽Щˣһ㶼֡
ҲӣТүͷ⣬޲Ŷԡ
Ҳڣѹĺܡ
£ǶӾˣԺ󲻹û˵£ȥޡ
˵ºТѵʱҲŻˣ֪ʲô¡
пɵĵط
˵Ҫҳ˵֣ϿһͨǻΪ˽£ѱ˹ȥ
ƱģǲҪıǲ˵ȥһϽ£Ҳɵôܰǡ
ơ
ãҲ˵
޶˻ȥ˵¡
ȥҪȥģҲˣû뵽ǵһ£ñٸԭְˡ
ǻãүˣֹϵպòǣ˵ڲģȰǰһ飬ӵ˽ʱ˵ǲ鲻ͳˡ
ôɣҪġ
үǰӷҪģͷܶ࣬ϰ߾ͺˡ
Ҫȥ鰸
Ҳȥƾ뿴Թʲô
ڶһ磬ƸȥТ⻹ûžͿ˻Żŵ˳žͺˣɱɱˣ
ˣŰƽȥһžͿТһѴ󵶣˾Ϳȥˣŵɱ˳Χ˹ȥƿʼģһһѺô죿
Ҳס˰ƣТ֤Т֪εĴۡ
һТһȥȻԼĲӸĨˡ
ĶķӦƺ͹ӦֻʮТɱ˲ˣԼԼҲɱˡ
Ѫ˲佦һأТĵڲ棬۾ʣϵ·ǰɫ£ûӣȥʱƶȥһ̹ס۾ǳ⣺ң
꣬Թ԰۾ϣ
(δ)

 Т֮

үϵһѪһϲʹȥűſ
ȥƸүһۣģѪӿಡˡ
Ե㰲ľ裬үѣһѹүݺᣬܵ׵Ķ㡣
ҵĶ
ү޵ĲУүˡ
ТԺ棬ʱһƬǽ壬˻ֲ̿˼ǿЦġ
ȥˣŵҲܿ͵ߣκִҲˡ
Ƶǲ⣬˸ҵģغ˻ʼңԺȻҪӹˡ
үҲܲ£үȥţuǳ¡
ʶǰڴԺһ˾ˣһңƿ˵Ǽ¡
洼һһݼȥκִ
նȻҲˣ˸һģƿǵʱЩ⡣
һ̱סߣκֲ˵סǰѪиҿҲʲôطȥģƲܻ䣬̫ɲЩҪӰȻĳ
ʮֳƣ㡣
վںżֱţƼװûû
ǰ˵סˣȻȥ
κʱŮţ˳¡
ƿ˱Щ꣬һи㿴˼ңٿ
ǹŵıȲ˴Ьģ󰡣
㡣
ûƵĻӦΪû˵żĺžҪȥˡ
Ҫ֪ʲô£˵ТԹˡ
øԸĳޣԹµȥ֡
֣ӡ
ǰͲסˣôȥ͵ôܳȥ
κ׼ˣֵطû׼Ѫȡ
κְӸ˶ֱӰ˵۾סˣҲͿˡ
Ҫκǰִֻ۾Ӱ˺ӣȻĻ͵þ̫ˡ
һ̫ʵˣ˵۾ǡ
ԡ
κֿ۶үͷһЩŲһЩȻ̲סðʧˣǻᶯ̥
ס˵ȷʵˡ
ƿ۹壬ʮƣү˵ˣ֮ǰŶҫĲ԰ڡ
Ƶӣ۾ס֣Ҳᡣ
һЦôʱʱˣˡ
忴۶Ҳ۹壬ֵһһŮˣƺе㻬
رǶӵʱ򣬶ͣҪպҲҪ
岢֪Щתװֳ
ʱڿޣһ߲һ˵ʱ䷢飬˶ǣ⺦ǡ
κִִ»Ҫҹ壺¸ô
ȻԺӹ˴˰ڸ̥±ͲˣԺɡ
׼Ҫߣκִסǣү˰ȷʵкܴ֮ոոҽ˵鲻ТǷжְТжˣ޹ء
ڸҽ鲻ǲжְҽˣҲǼ鲻
üȥȻ鲻ǻʲôȻ˵ĻжŻТЩ飬ǲôΪ
Ŷ
κִԸꡣ
ת۵ϵѪԼˡ
ȻªţǱȷʵ˵ڽϣΪǿͨһ˴ߣˣҪ˰տߵ뷨¡
Ƶ˲ʲô飬ͬʬһ.ٿء
˴ʱТûзԱҲû뵽Ǳˡ
ոսТˣӣ˭ʶɱ飬ʬ⡣
ʱɱ޹ƺʶʲôȱʶҪȥͺᵶ˲ӡ
κִʶΪԺΪү
ȷ߲̫Զ˼꣬ʱϧûüץ˵߲뿪̫Զ
ԭˣˣϷТ
κִ˵ʱư۾ϵŵѾϰײТ
ְȥТ岢δ
ʵûڳʱ򿴼ʲôˣֻ˵֢顣
ǰϵ۵飬׷ʣƸ˵˴֢顣
ոսָожǱ˴ˡ
ƶ£ƿТͷǣТϺһѵһ붼ТĲ棬޲ҪТͷƵġ
ǿԼµ֣ôص֣Ҫţô£
(δ)

һʮ 

һˣô׺ݣԼֵʱҲô׺ݡ
壬
Ҳֻ˵һΣͼסˡ
˰Ժ˵ɾأ
ȥһߣүӦ
š
Ҳ㴦£˵ˣκִ˵ʲôסǣҪЭ顣
Ʊֻ£嵹Ҳû˵ʲô
κִѯʺҲûȷ֤ݣֻТ顣
˶ˣûʲô
վһ߹۲ǰЩˣЩһܵӣһС˵˻ǻ
鲻κִɫˣŰѰǷˡ
뿪ͬУһȺˣãͬи˱Ҫ
㣬㿴Тôģ˲ˣȻСȴûɱˣϹսͻΧ
ֻ˲ʮ꣬¿һȥУû뵽ʱԷ̫ˣֻͻΧȥ
ͻΧ˼ζ˲ˡ
Ը£˵Գȥ˵һ
¿Ȼ᲻õģǵʱѾ˿ãڲȥҲֻһ顣
¿˽ģýʣһԱͻΧȥҪҪ뿪
˺͸뿪ûþͱˣܻ˴˾ͻΧȥĸҵ飬˾ȱ
¿ȫ˵Ӣ¡
ȻǸӣڴⷽȴһĽо顣
˻߿ʼͱˣʱ򰲹ϣͰؿڡ
ɱˣǺܲϲھǸ˶ġ
һͷۡ
ڣոТĵ϶ˣҲһ־嶼ûС
ƿ˵ˣ˻ᡣ
ʮͣɱ˵һȤ˵ʱô.򵥣Ҳˡ
ɱôƷʡ
۾ɴ󣺡˵ô
ôģǺᵶɱģ
Ҳԣʲô˺Т
֪
Тʲô˵˿ǰ㱣ûС
ҾһǰصʲôģȻصļ˶ˣҲˡ
ܻ֪ѵġ
ҼΪ˺ܺãľ޿ѣ˵ڼҵʱ򲻺ã޸ТТҲãӴˣǸҵ˳Т̥ᡣ
ɻ꣬˵꣬ҪѣһТԴš
˵ľסģ˵ºľûϵ
ƺȻһ£Ҫľ޳塣
ľȷʵǣľġ
Ҳ˵ãǶĲôһˣ
ŵڶѡ
ƣŲڡ
˻صƽҲŽȥסҲЩˣҲûȥˣ߰ɡ
תߣֻø˻ȥ
վſڿǱߣֻƺƵһȥ˶
ƵˣתŹȥ
Ű˵Ƕ
ͣ£ƣȷ
š
ƱҲΪϾǿˣϳʱƿˣҲ뵽˴ˡ
ƾ飬Կ϶жˣֻǶܹ죬һ˼鲻ɨܿѹģ󣬶Ϳʼɢˡ
԰뵽ֻҩȵЩˡ
˻һᣬŰƻȥ
ƾ¸ΰ죿
Ҳ֪ڿӦûԶǳǵûᣬ˲жǳǰ˷ڳ⣬Ҫʱš
ˣܰôš
ԴТҪ뿪
ȥţܻȵ
嶢ŰŲ˵ʣүô˵
ʲô˵ģƶˣ֪˵ʲôûá
һĨ⣬ƵûЩζƵģһڣ˰ɣ
С
ֱȥ۵¡

һ꣬ôǷأ
аɣϢһᣬھͳȥ·ϸ˵ɺã
˯ýˡ
½⿪ǳү⻹ûأ
һͺˡ
Ѻ·ƴᱧתȥ˴ϣƿſڣӰζһ£Ѿˡ
᣷£ֻõˡ
ϢѾʱˣƴԺȥľޡ
Т£Ϊľ޻ع˸סĺܰݡ
ȥľޣ˵˼仰ľ޾˯ˡ
վڱԺſڿľ˯ţаտŰƳ
˳ǣڳǽµһᣬǵûмûһһٵġ
ƾ֣үôûأ
ٵȵȡ
ֵһᣬи˱һ˴ӳŵǸŮˣˡ
˵ҲǸŮˣ廹ݡ
˶û⣬һᣬȻʲôƳ׷ȥ
(δ)

һʮһ ж

ƱţûõֻǿʩչṦߵļƱ֪϶Ƿʲôˡ
׷˼Ȼһ磬̱ŰͣˣΧֺܶɳɳƾԡ
ӹĻˡ
Χ˿ǵضǲݴԵĵطϵĲڲһҰΪĵ˶ԣûвĵֻǰû뵽ôߣ
ôߵġ
̧ͷ壬ʶסƵ֣ѰƵҹڡ
ȻѾ׷ǣûΪǵ˼ǺαΪѱ°£ѰƻڵϿһȦ
ƿһů
ݴԺȻ忴ǰ棬û˳֣Χ߿ʼˣݴӿǺ˵ġ
֣ͷƣȻЩߺܺ£ںˡ
µת忴Χƣⶫô󣿡
ţĶһǺö
˵ŷס֣Ҫ뿪ҡ
忴֪
ƿǰ棬Ź峯ǰߣݴ߻óһ·ǡ
һ·ǰȥ˵û뵽ϻд
˵ԸоʲôֱǰɿְѰƵһѽϵȶԷǰĽѾתԷۿֺ֣˻ȥ
ɫ䣺˶ҲҶ
һɫӵ䵽ʮ⣬ָ߳ͷӡ
ǰǰڹײаʱ򿴵ˣĽָĲݴԡ
ʲôˣҳҴأ
˵ҩȵˣǽһ˻ȥġ
ͷЦǺǵ˵ߵǰ棺ػô
ͷȻͺܴ󣬵ȥûһ塣
뵽ͯպ׷˼ңصʦ
ѾˣҪߣҲҪ׷ˣТˣΪ
ӦеıӦʵ׼ҲõֻҪȥϰ׾ԶѾˣԺٻҲһ
Т鱾ˣصϣԷǣǻҪңҪѪϴҩȡ
ĽָˣЦɫһ˵ƣҪߡ
үȥ
ʱѾϵĺɫ¹˰ϣ˶ȥ
Ƶͷһϵ£̧ͷ壬ǰ˹ȥʱ߶궯ʼ塣
ƵĵҪǰߣϵ߷׷׶㿪ҹܿ߶
ߵĿ죬庰
ͣ£Сģ
֪
ܿ칬嵽ǰһΧŹ壬˾
ֻӰһ𣬶ԽԽ졣
Ȼһоֹˡ
ƵĿһǵĿŹ壬ﾹѽվм䣬ǰĽһ˵ĲӣĽǸ˵ؿڡ
һƿĵ°͡
ү䰡
ߵǱߣϸ壬ҩ˶֣Ҫ̷
û°ƿͷͷи«ƶ⡣
ߵǰе
ƣ˶ѣҪɱҪУ㡣
ɲңغͬãôΪʦưݼʦ
ƺһѧȭͷʮȾϹ
ͷıӶˣýָһ֣
ߣ
ͷߣưַſ߻ȥҲûժ˵ĺ«ֱӹϡ
ƶлʦʹ͡
ͷɫһƣҶ˵ĶҲ
ʦĪҪ˵֪˱㲻ãЦ
ߣ
£ʦأ
ˡ
Ŷ
һΪȻʦʱˣߣԺٱ׷ǻᵲסֻǿҪʦȥˣ±Ȼ˳еġ
һ˵ҩȵŮͽܱ׾ԶƭҩѰţ֮Ӵűҩȴˡ
ȻҪ참ģ׷ҩȵˣ׷˴赲ʦˡ

˱ߣ
Ź嵽һߣʦСʦ֡
εŵ˶ߣ˿һۣתˡ
ʧҹ£ƿ壬Цһãү˫ֽ

գգͷһκ䡣
ƵһʪȻĶͷЦЦɫһףӻ˻Ρ
ȡʤǵĹڱ֮£ҿסǵĹȴƲסǵĶ

һ£ץס֣ɨ衣
峯Űһӳȥ۾ϣͷһûˣ
ƵĿһһѱס壺ү
ûзӦΧķ紵ݴ紵ţƳŲסԽԽֱƷסŵ浹ȥ
(δ)

һʮ ǲһ

ƷţŵŹ壺үү
ûסŵƱŹޡ
ߴߴ
ţȻ̧ͷݴܳĶβæŽС
βͨԣܵƵ߿壬ſ˹ߡ
ƴʱ侲˿̫ˣлл㣡
ɨ裬顣
ѹġ
סõӳ󿪹죬Ѫ
Źɫתһ
صĶϵͳѪǸˣܽⶾ˵Ķ϶һ㡣
ȥȥϵԣá
Ź尲󣬸оĶڽƿβôˣ
βƤ˵˵ʲô
ƿΧʣˣ
β˶䣬˼˵ˡ
Ƽʣǳģ
βûӦһᣬ˽⵽ˡ
β֪Ƴ͸˳˳ſŵζڳȡ
֪ߣͶû
˵㣬ȻҪˣ
С˶䣬Ȼܡ
Ʒꡣ
̰ûġ
һᣬ۾ƿˣһ
үˣ
ԪŰû
Ƶ£ɨɨһ£ȷû£˵ȥүúõͻûˡ
ŰƵ֣񿴼ظˡ
үظǳǰģû£ոҪǶβϵ˸ⶾ
ˣҲ;Ȳˡ
֮ʿģֻеĻ
ǿҽЩ֪ġ
´βҪˣˣŹ֣ЩֻŰƵ֡
ܶ˴ӣôˣкȥϣ
ΣҪ£ͶԵҺͺӣ
£һš
үҪûң˵
ơ
޻˵ˣͷס죬˵ˡ
建̧֣סơ
˱һ𣬶βſ¿ܣǲˣβվžˡ
βͨԣٶȿ졣
忴ʣʲôȥˣ
ȥˣǲǶˣ
˫ȣ⿪ˣľţƽܲ࣬ԪǵķӦһ
ڰƵĻ̹һ
һ취ûУֻܱ
ЩϢһᣬһ˽ѱ
ٺȵѪӣסƵ֡
建°Ƶ֣᲻ã𣬱úñԼƵģ˺ơ
õӻƵ֣ΪƲۣΪǲƵء
⣬˽ΪͲˡ
ɱۣ
ůůģûİһ۹壺˵һΣزȥ
֪ҲˣŲ׷ҲһɣϾ˶ӣֻɡ
˵壬ֻ÷
βܿ˰ŮڵţæŰ̧һ·ȥ
ûȥѹ尲˽ҹȥ
ϵҹĵȥ
ˣ
ϵżˡ
ҵʱŵģ˵ˣԪߣҪһʱ䡣
Щ̫ˣܷţ
ǻӵˣôõŮ£Ҳ˵ӣպҪ£Ǻã
ϵۿ˻᣺ңҩȵǳŰصģТҪƽᷢ飬С檸ˣᵶ˲ӡ
ȡ
»û£Ȳվô
ͲˣϣǳŮҲĵܵܣΪ˴ˣܾʹˣ
㻹㷢ȥҩȣҩȲڴڣ㷢ս

ƣˣ
ϵŭվס㣬ԽԽûˣһԲϾ͸ˣ۸޳ȥǲǣ
칫СĿˣûҪܵ˼ŷſġ
ϵˣ˵ô
˵أ˵ûҪ¡
ѣڱԹ
ϵ۱˵˵ϵϵòᣬԴ˳
뿪˿ŮĶˣҲûȥˡ
ڽסһ˻֪ͨϹܼҡ
ȸ˵ΣӪϢһ´߶ˡ
ˣ˺𾪣үѾˣ
ϻóɲзϣ
ƷûĿ۰˵ƽܵڻ²˴
Ҳͣ۰ơ
Ȼʲô˼
ƽôܺȣ
㾡Уƽǵ㵽ֹ
ôһ
(δ)

һʮ ʥ

岡˼죬Ҳû뿪ڽĺԺо涾䡣
弸Ѿû£š
о涾һ߿ǹ˼ʵӡ
ƴ빬빬
ϵۿ۵վŵĹ壬Ȼ޼ǵòδôҲˣ
վѾилϴʱ֮ʱʥ
ϵתƣȻɡ
лϡ
վͷ̧ͷ
ϵʣʱɺã
ػϣá
ƿһڳˣϵټĵϣ°ɣ
Ȼû£°ɡ
ŷ֣֮ϸûվŵĵطȥʲôطֱһסȥһߡ
Ʋ̧ͷԽԽˣ䶼ڣһ߿ʹˣ͸ûһ˭
尺ͷͦվһߣǰѰƵɿˡ
ü
ϵ۵۾ûһۣТ顣
ТһǣҩȣҩȲҴľڣ°ȷʵЩ֡
һҴĻʼ棬ϳͣպҴôй̧֮ͷЦ
Լǣȸ顣
֮˷׷׳и飬Ƹ̾һһǾɣ
ϣԸⰵ׽ҩȵˡ
УԼ
ϵۿһۣǶ˲ƽͨˣţѾοˡ
ڶ˵飬֮
ֻ³򣬴ǲԴСԸ뽭кη
綾˲ҴϷ£Ըһ棬ҲظϾɱ
飡幰
ϵۿһ۹壬ҴͽҴҲпԭ
׾Զҽ֮˼ҵͽܣȻʹ˰֡
ТΪҲţЩĻ׹Ҳʱúˡ
ּ
ڡ
㰵вҩһ¡
ּ
ƽּ
ڡ
ϲ龩һԺ֮£նࡣ
ּ
ˣҲˣˡ
ϡκУ˶ȥκ
ϵɫࣿ
ϣѡһ¸Ѿã࡭
֪ˡ
ϵֱӴκκ㲻Ҷˡ
ϵ漴˵λвʴΪ˸ǵϣҲġ
ڽ˭¿˭»ˡ
ϡ
˻˵ʲôϵѾȥ
칫æź˾˳͸ˡ
һĹ壬ȥ档
й»ӵ鰲ƵҲģһϵֻǣУ»ӵȻ˵̳лλҲûʲôɵˡ
˵ǻλȻ߸ϣȴϡ
һ·ϣǷ׷к˳밲
˴ȥ﹬ȥ̫밲
̫ûҲǣ˵һЩ˵ҲȣϾǾ˵ˣƽ˺Ͱ֮Ĺϵ档
ֻ˵ǰصǿϧˣ
ƻ˵Щʲôôõһ˵Ȼǿϧˡ
ײûˣƵܾãҲ˾ͻţܹϣģָ죬Ǿͻټ
̫ϸƻûɫĶӣкܶ
Ҳ֪ǰƭǵУǲ֪
Լأ̫ҲˣôƵĶҲǼ
˵Լֻ֪ǻˣøҽˣҽҲ˵֪
غ«ﵽʲôҩѲм
治֪
һ֪̫Ҳû˼ˣ˵ʹֱӸˡ
ƸŹ͵ſڣ뿪
ƻսžܼ˵ľ޲ص飬Ʋľ޵顣
عľĻˣһտ嵹ǰľ޸ˡ
뵽ЩȥԺľޣܼ·ϸ߰ƣӳµڣһֱԲȣںԺסŲҽˣһ첻һ죬ôȥǲˡ
ƿ۹ܼң˸ûô
ˣǿ˵˷˲ˣͷʹ֢յͷʹ޷ߣҹײǽ˴ǳײ˹ˣ˸Ҳҳһţ˶Ҫżˡ
Ƶͷѹ֣
˺ԺľסһžͿľţ˺ܶ࣬ԭĶ쵰ڳ˻ƹѿĺܡ
(δ)

һʮ ˸̽

ߵľߣסɨ裬˿Ҳˡ
ľ۾Ц¡
ûϾʧȥõѡ
˲ȥҩϹܼңԸȥȾ͹ȥ
ϹܼҷԸˣƲŻȥϢ
ҹ˸ˣѰƺ͹ˡ
ſںе崩·Ӵȥſš
ү˷˲ءſڱ档
ʣľޣ
ǡ
ľ޻ظ
ţҲ˯ˣʼ·
ȥľѾˣſת
ȥʣү˷˵ͷʹ֢ܶˣ
˵ʮˣҽҽȻ۵ʱ͸ҪƵģʱײǽԼһζ˵ˣʹ˵ĸ黹Ǻõģ˵ݷҽֻΪ˹˷ܼʹ࣬ա
ʹ࣬ʱǳܳܡ
үΪβ˵ǿȥ
ʱȥˡ
ҹ˸ſѾڵϹһƬŰƽţܼæųӭӣ˵Ѿˡ
롣
ܼҲᣬʣʲôط
ںԺ¸󡣡
ȥ
ȥܼҿ۰ƣ֪飬ĵųⰲˡ
ڹǰҲö˵ʲô
ܼתŰƺ͹ȥԺƽ¸󣬵ϹһƬˡ
ԺӵſڹһЩˣŶԺź˵ˣǰǸĿʱ޳һƬŴţһЩˣһˣ죬ˣ
ƿ˼ˣ
˲˽ȥڰ󣬿Ȼ㿪
ݺᣬѹĵס˷˵֣Ը̧ͷǡ
ߵ˷ס˷˵ɨ顣
һžֱ󿪹˷˵Žȥ
˵۾裬˵ͷݸط
£ɿְǿ˷˵۾۾Ѫ˿
쿴Ҳаĭ
ͷϣײˡ
ڹ˷˵ͷʩ롣
ʣѾˣǸʲô
Ʋͷȥ
ɫһң
˾롣
廹Ŵ˳һȥ
Ƶȴ˱һڴ˷˵̫Ѩһ룬ÿһЩѪ˳
˱Żߣѹʣôܴĥҵȡ
죬Ȼϳȥնˣ쳣Į˲ⰲѻȸСˡ
ʾֻ˭֪ȭһ֮֮ϣ˵ɱˣĪ˵һˣҲڻ¡
ҽ߶µģӶʪ͸ˡ
ƵһᣬѪˣ˷˻۾
ˣ
һ㵣˹ȥס˾԰꣬ã
´ʱʲôģͷŰ
ɿ֣˷ͷϵһߡ
˷죺
һߵĴ˿ȥѾŵˣӦæ˵˴ϣһʹޡ
ƿ۵Ϲŵˣ󲿷ֶŵòᡣ
Ҳ֪طһˣٻͱթʬˡ
ЩΪ˷թʬˡ
ߵ߿һֶۣ
ȵ˺͹˷˿޹ˣ˲Űѹ˷˰ãǺñƣոջʹݣʱѾ䵭
ȥɡ
һЩ˷׷£ֻ¼ãŹϴ˽˰ӡ
£ƿ۹壬û˵һǧַ֮߰ӡ
˵Ҳò˵˵˾˲ضүˣֻ֮Ǿౡ֮
ͷʹ֢֮Ѿ꣬⼸Ƶ࣬ҹʵʹ࣬ϷѾҽȴҲ޴Ӳ֤ʲô֪
ҹʹˣ˭֪һϲ㵹ˡ
ϷΪ
˵.̲֮סǶĽ֮ᷢޣۼ֡
˵˷Ҳ̲ס
ƱϾҽȥΪҹά˵飬Ǹܹܵ
һһ룬ƱĻǶġ
ͷʹ֢Ǿֻ֢ҵ򣬶֢ҩɡ ƿһ˷˵
˼æʣ˿ûˣ
Ҳǣ֮ͷʹ֢Ϊ첻ҿǳͿʼġ
ƴ˻һҲסˣŰʣ˻
Ʊ˵
(δ)

һʮ β

Ϊ첻㣬ǳĸ׶ʱ򣬾Ѿ˱һȱݣЩֽŲãЩӲãҲ⣬һЩɵӾҲһЩģһЩȥﶼãʵಡСͺܰġ
Ϊĸ׵ĸл̥ʱйֿܣһӪ㣬ԺȲãûյյӪĸڻڼк飬嶼пܣӴһЩõҩŹ
һ㣬ܵģռһĿԣҲߵһ֡
ǹ˷˫ӣ֮ʱһֵܽһǵԱǷ
˵ͷʹ֢ǸҪһЩôǸӺܿŮ˱ǸӻһЩǸӱк
ЩҲ²ˣ洫ҽκ˲ˣ˿ҲǽҶѡ
̫ȻҽտҲˡ
ǼĳŮ֪飬ûֵܽһ
ߣ˴Сǽ֦ҶĸôڻеʱԺȲãӪ㡣
˵ĸܹţĸŵڣ·˲ġ
˺һһ˵Ƶǲ˵ˣ˼Ҷһҧ飬ٶ˵Ҳûʲôˡ
ڴʱ˷˺Ȼ˵үԲӣֻǲ֪Ҽҵ飬и˫ĸ簡
˷˺Ȼ˵
Ҳסˣתȥ£æŰ
ƿһһĹ壬ʼնһңҲ֪Ϊǰ㡣
һˣȴ
ָоүԸȥƨɡ
˷˿һ뿪ˡ
κ̱һ
˷˿һᰲƲ˵иֻ֪ĸ֪
ǵûСʱҺ͵ܵһ棬ܵܵƢãԸҲ볣˲ͬСС;ͶѾߣѾߵѾҲ̶ãǲϷŹҿѾߺܲˣҾñӴ˵ܵܡ
뵽ܵȥ״ĸҽ˹ȥ
ĸ簮ܵģұ磬û뵽ĸ˵ѾҸ磬񻹲۰ܵܣ񼫡
Ҳ֪ĸҵʱ򣬻һ磬ҵĸһȥˡ
ԭҲȴ
Сʱ쳣֣ôҵͷ
ĸΪĻǲɢŻᵼ
ĸµܵܣҵͷĲˣžǸˡ
ҪһҪúöԵܵܡ
ĸȻ㸸Ҳ֪
ɼȷʵҽ˵á
Ƶû˵ʲôֻǴҽѧĽǶ֤
׹һɫĹ壬ԽͰʣոϷðʧˡ
˵ԸƵЩϲ˵ʲôʲôƽʱʶĲһ
˺Ƣ࣬лҪȥʽС
˿ˣβ˱Ƿ֮£ĸֵܣҲþľֻǷ˵ĲҲ֪֪һ
ϷˣϷ˵ҽ˵ãϷйǣûȥ
ҲɵӣĿȻΪβҲûæ顣
ȥ¾ͲҪˣȸ˿
˵ǰæ
ǰס˷˵ɨһΣβ˵˵­һѪƫϸխѪҺͨĺҲ˵иطЩͬˡ
˵̫רҵү֪ʵëϸѪխѪҺͨĲ˳Ѫխλ⣬ÿͨȥͻʹϻ˻á
Ʋ²⣬ͷʹӦϻ飬Żһϲݿˡ
ʱ˸ոݿˣļ
ԲܼȹҪһᣬͲ˵ˡ
ΰ죿׷ʡ
ʵҲûʲôرİ취޷ֹۣҲû­ҲǰͷпǲȡˣڲУˡ
ܰ˵ȥۻǿԻġ
ҲֻЩˡ
˷мл
һֹҩϳԣֻҪǵã۵ʱͿɡ
ƽʱҪ嵭ηֵȡڵͣµľԲ
ѮѪܻȻɳڣƤ֯Ҳ仯ͻûˡ
棿
˭˷Ҳ⣬˵ʮͻû¡
ʱѾʮˣȻǺܸˡ
棡
ү˷˼ѣҲæŵл
ȥдһЩʳƵķӣˡ
ֹҩֹֻۣЩһѪҺ۹һԸأⲻҪ£ֻΪ˸õԶ
ʵļ˻ˬ
л˷˵лƽƣſһ۹ڵϷľޡ
Źˡ
(δ)

һʮ һ

뿪˸ȥ·ϰʣүƺǺܲϲ˼ҵˣ
ΪʲôҪϲ岻ʣƵҲûú֡
ֻǿڹʣǴĸֵܣ㲻öгɼҿүôʲô鶼
ȻĸֵܣǸӣǹˣ˼ӦǫһЩ
ϳѹűһθˣ
үҲСˣֻΪһС£Ͳӣδ˵ȥ
˵ױǲϲǹˣ˷˹ΪֹΪҴǶһЩˣҲͲˣֱӾͿˡ
飬ȷʵ˻ҪͨҲˡ
ƫƫ浽˻ʼң°ˣǾҵˡ
һ·ص³ȥϢ屻鶾˵飬Ȼʲôȥ˲ţӡ
ǻȥϢû˯Ҳû취̥
Ϲ㼱æȥƣӶ̥᲻ֹ˷
Ҳܻ䣬Ȼǿܵ˵
ʱ˵Խ࣬²Խࣿ
֪嵣ģס˵үҲöǣһǼżҲûãúð̥֮֮
ϣðա
үǵһһֻүĵүΣ
巴סƵ֣ɫأϣƺãҲ᲻ǡ
үҲǰˣһ㣬үҪӻҪңҪүҲҪӣҵĻش𡣡
սƣֻһɡ
ƺЦүһء

̾ϢһȻһͿͰһѱһȻá
ɿֹ뿪Ʊڷ
ȥ˷嵽ҹŻ
ŽǹĽŲŲһ£תǱߡ
ںҹ¿Ĳ죬˴ǰ£ſʼ⿪·
ŵһɵľ㣬֣үȾˣ
ȥ˽ںȾƱһࡣ˵깬·꣬ƿ.
ƱŨˡ
ӹĻ˫ֻ÷
Ʊ˵
ҪƺãǺá
ǺȶٰҲҲֻ֪ƽʱľһġ
ʧⷳƵʱٺö׺
ƺһĹĺģúõģ˯ɡ
ɽҪһ֪Ҫʧ䡣
Ҳ֪ʲô˯ŵģѾˡ
ƳԹ˽Ҫʺ˶٣˳һ´µƷ
һŮЦѿ죬ϵ黹ܵ⡣
Ů˵һֻһ˾ƣҲȢ
ҪһȻ⡣
ǣǻҲı֤Ůҡ
ˡ
һŮӭȥϸ棬ʲôϲ·
ʲôôˣѵΪү飿
ˣ
žôƾͺˣҪȼξͳˡ
Ϊʲôүôľƣ
ʲôʱȾˣڼȾƵʱˣŵȾƣܲ᲻üƲȡΣ޳ȥŮóȥˮֻǺ˼ƣˡ
ǰ֣ǿ϶Ǻ˲٣Ȼôˣ
ڡɲ˵˶١
һᰲ֪˵Ҳû
ǽȥ˵ʵ˳һ£һ£֪
ƣ˵֪һ㡣һ˵Ůʣ
ĺЦ
Ҫ˵һջĪͺǵˡ
ƻ˸ԭҲڴһѵģȻе쿪ƺҲų⡣
ر뵽˵ʧ䣬·˵һˡ
綼ûԷ֪ǲܵ̾߷ȥˡ
عʰ֪ô
һ֣զˣ۸ˣĪˣƵţȥ
û£¡
Űȥڹ˸˵һ飬侲˵µ顣
(δ)

һʮ żϸ

Ϊ˸ӲƢ꣬Ϊ˲ûʲô£ֻµһЩ˴ΪЩǵ죬ѹա
£˲Ŷúȡ
ƶһߺһʣ˵ˣʵǺˣ
ƣ˺ûǲúûֵģ˵ǺãǶַҴЩڹʿ˵Ǹʮˣǹ˵ǸħҽᣬǿŮ
λ˵һЩ˽˵°ǵĹ£Ȼѹ¸ǿˣʬ𼣣Եڹ˵ų꣬㿴ﲻǺܺã˲˵Ǵ󹦳
ƱﲻסĺЦô˵Ļҿɲô˵ʵڹĹ£ǹŮأ
һҪ˵ƣǵڴ̵·ϼġ
ŶüֿҪô˵ĻҲڹϾ·ϼģô֪ﲻǹ
û˵ˡ
Ƶ֣Ľײ˸ʲôܡ
˵ȥŮɡ
㶼ˣȥʲôϲˣŮ˹ȥһһѰҪСġ
ŮţȥЩŵøʲôƵģƣӵˣɲҪЩ
뿪ȥǰѽԣ̸õһߡ
ưٸꡣ
ԭĽ£ʲô
ԼҪܵãӵʱٻһЩ
뿪ǰѽȥ£ѽӵ˼ϣ׼ȷľ䵽ˡ
Ƶ۾
Ƹ˸Ĵָ
ܸˣȥŰ¡
ƣŮ˵һѣ̲סˣȻ´Ҷڴǲŵģôһôࡣ
Ȼҽҵˣδؾġ
Ů˵ȻҪˡ
ƿȥү˵ʲôˣ
˵һô࣬ܲס˵Ҫֻ׷Ī
߶߶Ļˣ
˵Ȼ˵ˣСĿ۰ƣ±֪
ƹװûǵãʰ㲻һô£
ʲôõĵģ£һҲ£ûһҲû£ʲôã
ƣҲŮˣ˼һȺӣ߰ʮˣǺúõġܵ⣬Ҫһһѣǿɾͺˡ
ϼ˵û
˰ӵ¿ľô򵥣͸ĸһǺѣ
Ҳϻ𰲽ҵʱûеģ
飬£üͷ壺㲻һ
ɫף˵ˡ
һҲû˼ʹȻȥˣʲô飬Ǹһ׷Ůӡ
ʱľãĲס
Ϊһˣһ̸βף
ƴӽ̫Ĺ֪ģϾûдŰ
·һ̣иϸſڲᣬ¡
Ͼ죬ЩˣһעҪƶһôŬҲûá
ЩˣһٻĽˣ
ϸ̵ſڿ޵ĺģˣϵĴֲӽſȥȦ뵽ʲôѴָϵˡ
ܾĲԾûԭĸ˹ȥ
֮ûԭ򣬾Ϊúġ
֪ܿ壬ǲҪĸ˳ȥ
ƴĽһ·ȥǺƫƧһطҪһ˵ƾǽˡ
ΧķݶǺܺãȻطǺܸɾ
ƿǸϸ˽һԺӣԺӶ쵹ˡ
ߵԺſڳ濴ԺԺûʲôá
ϸ˴ʱѾˣǰĪ
Ѵ½⿪ſȥϵãһ˸ᣬϸ̾˿Ѳӹȥ˫ش
һ鲻ã˽ȥϸ˵ǰϸ˵˫Űϸ˱
ΪʲôҪңû취չ̫̫Ҹ
ϸſ
̫ɴһ룬ϸȻ˯һᡣ
ϸ˱۾ɨϸ˵壬ָûʲô£ſ棬Ű濴һ飬ͿЩõļҾߣһŴһˡ
ͷ׵ˣ
ʱһһڵĴȥǿ첻ˡ
ӿãȴܸɾȵʱ򣬰ûŵʲôõζ
Ͼиˡ
˻ᣬ˹ȥ˸ǰ˻оͷˡ
(δ)

һʮ һϷ

̫̫߰ʮˣݰ𪣬Ŀ䣬ϿǸϸˣָ˼ҵСŶԡ
İ˿ûܾŵĸоҲѿ̫̫Ǹͨˡ
ֹȥס̫̫̫̫ϸƤϸ壬Űֻգһ۾
ŰƿȥʣĴ򣿡
˵Ǵ򣬲ģֻ·
˵Űɿѱƿ̫̫Ŀȣ˫ȣɵø̾ˣ˫ȾȻôã벻
󣬸Űѿȷ£ϱӡ
ʣͻȻ˫ˣ˵˫ǰģ
ֻ̫̫ǵȻһЦҲˣ˰ɡ
Ŷô˵ΪʲôأҲȻЦЦ̫̫һϵıӡ
̫̫Щ֣̲סǱ߿ȥ
֪ʲô˵û£ոҪڷſѰģҾˡ
ˣ֣ˣ
̫̫ɫ˵Ʋò壬˵ز̹ݣҲǲˡ
ȲˣҲˤˣҪҿ˸϶ֽš
ɨ̫̫壬̫̫ȫúõģֻ˫ȵİ°档
°ϥǹǹؽмһͷ״࣬Խа°塣
ط.ȥһ룬ǲ·°Ҳ͵̱ˡ
ʹǣ°ʹ̣һȻʹ
̫̫ţҲǲȥ
ոս°ʱ򣬱Ȼʹġ
ɨʱ򻹺𾪣̫̫źܴƽͺͲۡ
̫̫ɺƽĶŰЦ£˵ģֻҲˣ񰡣ֻѵˡ
ʱһЩΣǧѾʣ޼ˡ
ʵΰ
ⲽأǻһλˣɼүˣ
˵ǣҪίһ㣬ҵð¡

̫̫ʮְȣȥָ֣ǰһ롣
һ۾
ֿƴ޲ֹ̫̫˵ˣллˣ
̫̫ûôƵĺҲ
һ̫̫˽ȥһһ߲ᡣ
ŽȥˣҲ̫̫컯
ҪȻ̫̫˵ǧˣ
ƸŻȥͿִˣڵϸ̫̫ͷ̫̫˵ɣϲҹţһ·Ϸ¶ޣҪû㣬ˣˡ
̲סޣŮ澲ã̲͹ӡ¶ˣҪҲš
ӡ£
ǸôôĹ
ߵ̫̫ǰ֣ҵĶȥ˵ˣҪǻҡ
ֲʶƵ壬վһ߷
̫̫ϵãһʣǻϵʲôˣ
ƿȥЦϷ˵ʶǻϸҵģ֣պˣȥٻأ֦
̹ˣ꣬ϵĶǶҪµġ
ꡣ
˵ɣҲڣȥȥţ˵ǰҵˣȼ˹ܼҺͰٰҵĻǣǣȻǵãʲôҪ˵
ūȥ
ֿһӣæųȥˡ
£̫̫ʣǼһ
¼ҡ
̫̫˵ƵһȦԭļûг¹ˡ
ʵǲ֪˭Ҳöʣ˵ġ
ΪʲôˣŮأƷǲʶ˻ϻӡ
̫̫һᰲ֣ˣ
ˡ
Ǿˣ
ǡ

̫̫Ĭˣβ˵뿪Ҳ̫ˡ
˵Ȼھǣҳɻʱ򱻷ˣҴȥʲôǵˣЩżЩһֻ벻ˡ
ѹˡ
̫̫˵Ҽүճ£ĽᷢӣҼ޸֮Ųңүı˲ңҽ˺ܶĺӣҲ𾴣һֱܺ
ǰҼүأֶȥһӵˡ
ҪϼҾ̣ѸߣѾȥЩЩϼҾ̣ЩΪ͢Ч
үȥ룬㲻ˡ
Ǿټ뿪˾ǣȥϼҡ
˭֪һȥ̱ˣ
(δ)

һʮ ̲참

룺ô˵滹г¼ҵˣ
еġ
ŶΪΣѯʡ
̫̫˵ΪûʲôүԩҪΪүԩ
Ƶüͷ壬ѹ֡
̫̫˵𻰣һʱԺ˽ƳſڿȥԷһż롣
ƿһţȥ˵Ǳ
Űַ£ſȥһۿһŵԻ͡
֪ǲкҪԱ֡
һϮ£Ŀ䣬˵ѾߵƵǰסƵֱۣŭǲǣ
ү
Ƹ˸ӣ
ƺЦ˵үˣ
ߣ
ת棬忴ϵ̫̫Ŀһɨһ£¹ˣ
̫̫ϸŹ壺㳤ˣ
Ϸˡߵ̫̫ǰ¿̫̫
̫̫Цѵ˵Ǹô򣬺ǲҪȢҲˣ
ƵʱûЦݣʲô˼
һΣ°鷳æŽͣʱֻ֪Ǳͯ޼ˡ
Ŷ
̫̫۰ƲõЦո˵ʱ˵ɻ鱻ˣء
ﻰ̫̫ɲô˵׻˵úãǰײ֡˵ģ˵ͼסˡ
˵ͷЦҲǳײ֪ôõϱŵҲš
̫̫Цˡ
忴ձʣô䵽˵ģ
˵ԩģ·;;ѣѡ
Ǳ˸ϳһ··ˣѹӡ¸ˣ̲Ҳûˡ
˾ǣȥ̲̲ɰǸ˳˵Ǻ֡
ְȥ̲ſڣ̲үϵˣ˵ðʦĸҪģҪȥ
ϣûдǴ֣²źЩ
һˡ
˷ģա
һ¹壺үȥ
忴ȥƣӡ
ģżˣ˶ϵãǰбңȥǣҪƤĿ£лϣаգʦ׶ϵˣݣ
죬һƬƱܲͬô
ܣ
Ʋ˲ֻЭ
Ҳȥɡ
ʵǲð¡
֣үȥˣǲˣ
ǿԱװô
Ƶû뵽Щ
̧ͷϸһṬ壬ǾҲԡ
ƵͷүɣҸˣͱˣǰκִǸˣʱ˻ǰ
ˣڣ˭˵תߣüתȥ̳ӡ
ߵſתƣǿӣŲƽϡ
Ƹ˸ӣ檸м
̫̫Ц⸡֣תүԽ˼ˡ
һƵӣȫһ¾͸Сϻһֱȥ˰ǰסƵ֣ϲκִ
ƺЦүȻϲǾˣҿǲˣүݰڴ˴Ҫǵ£˭Ҳӣ
΢Уٸñӣ˲֪㱾֪
˵ү˵õΣ
Ƶİɣſǡ˵껹Щڣôô
Ƹ˸ӣлү
ô죿ѯʰơ
ƿ̫̫ʱĵſڡ
£үҪǶȻȥϲżǴƷϷˣָȥԩҴɴȥүӾ͵·ȥ˳Լϡ
ԥ˭ʣ
үСΣ
һЦʱ仹磬̲һҲ¥ȥȺȲ裬壬һС˹ȥ׼
ү롣
Ƹ˸ӣһ°Ƶ֣չȥڰƵĶʣԲԣ
ûİһ۹壺үûˡ
аһЦɵˣ
ȥ϶Ҫúֵġ
ת忴̫̫Ϸˣһ
롣̫̫ƽ
ת뿪Ըȥż˺ܿ쵽ǸŹһ뿪ȥ̲Ĳ¥ȥСˡ
ż˺ܿ׼ãǹŴ硣
ھǰװϣһĴ磬ԼĨһЩƽҩȥſڡ
ƿŰƳȥżѾ˳СģƲסҪϸͱϲ˭
(δ)

ٶʮ ÿϷ

ɨɨϵĻҳ̫̫ϳǵСĵ㣬̫̫˫룬˭Ҳʹ
æ˵а취ġ
ƿȥ֣ҲῪ˵ҲҪʽ༸˵˵طͲʶˣҪС򡣡
ǡ
ҲþңֻҪҵĴС
ҲˣæŴӦ֪ˡ
ƵͷæŽţľͷ̫̫˫ϥǹ̶ס˱ţͲˡ
ƿϷ˶ɫ쳣ѿ
߰ɡ
˵˻ߵһߣꤵľͷӣǰȥ
ƿϷ˵̡
£һ·¶ޣѾϰΪҴůɽӡ
ˣ̫̫ôƽƽ۲ѡ
÷̣ůúɽǶ׵ĶԱȡ
ųӳţխɣܽԺӣ̫̫Ȼ
ϴŴֲ·ƽʱŵŶȽϾݣǴ˴ֲ·һļ⣬׳ʿĺܡ
ɨһۣǰȥ
壬ǲ˺öࡣ
˴Ժ뿪ȥ̲ſЩʱ䣬ߵĲ죬˵طѾǹˡ
Űѳӷ£ƿϵ·Ӳ˲ϵĹӣһھ˵ĿզˣɲŻǮͲߡ
ƲﲻסЦ֪ǹ彻ģҲÿЦˡ
̧ͷ棬Ȼţһһҡӡ
д֣ƣ
ƲЦæŰתˣҪ۶ˡ
峯һۣˡ
濴һ£֣ôǸô찡
һΣǰ֡
ͷĬת濴ȥ
˵ģ˾͸ǮСҿҼˣ
ȥ˿ѹ˵ãֻҪҩڻǷҵǮҲûжǮˡ
ģˣһǮ
˵꿴̲ſڣȥš
̲ſڻдģòţȥùģˣ̲˱
̧ͷѹ˵֣̲
Ŵ򿪣ˣŹٷʶ˵ˣ˵ˣʲô֤ݶûУ˵ɴ˲ԸΪǣȥ
ҼҷѾȾز벻ǣ˻Ȼ֪ˣɣˡ
˵ǲ˵ʲô˵ûţ㻹ߣŰô
ǿžһᣬ˵ʲôˣҿ
졣һӴ̲һɫ·ǰĹٷһֻ׺׵ɣһơ
ʮ£üĿ㣬ȴһϡ
Ŀ۶Ĳ٣֣˼ˣƾ֤Ȼϱ
ֻ˵ϡ
̲˫ֱȭŵߣ˵ܼģѾȥ˳¼ңǲ֪ʲôˣϷһֱڼҡ
ûнѾǷ⿪ȾȻ֣ȥ
Ʋɫȴǿ۵ϵĲţͳײ˹ȥùֱӰ̲ɸײ˸ͷ
̲£ˡ
󵨵񣬵ҳײɣ˸¡վ
Ųһؿ˭ǮҪؼȥȢϱ
˵ԣǷǮ
ȥˣŵúˣˣָŲź󵨣¡
һץסǣһȭͷȥıǿѪ
Χ˷׷ȥܴ˶˵ϣץֱӵ˵ϡ
òһֵסתȥˡ
̲ƽֻмʱ̲ȷʵɺû뿪˱ſ£̲ɶˣ̲ɫѿǿŮ
̲Ѿʮ꣬иСŮ޸ľǣҲ̲ɡ
̲ܲ۰ľСŮȻǸģƾĸϲĺܡ
޸̲ޣɻ˼ӣżҲǺ档
£һֱҲ檡
ܲȻףЩδؿƵסҪڵȸʮ꣬ʱŮ˲ɺĵλҲͲˡ
ؼĹܼҾҪúŮ
Ůǻ˵á
ܲŭڵľʹ˳һžͱŴһȭ
һʮ꣬һȭһģž˵ϣŵǼæȥɸ
ô˲ˣ˻£ƽƣɱ׵ס
ܲһѪû³ŻŲŭǺˣ̲£Ҫųն
ŶûȻܲġ
¥ϵǺһЦϷÿ
(δ)

ٶʮ ӵҪ

źǷǮҪ״
״״
˻һǻϣ
ٲǻϣǱٿ£ܺ£·ϣٶܹϢ¡
ָָܲţֱðС˵ǶĶ֣ɣҪ
ǵĴڱס
ܲĵͷȥ˵ʲô
̽ȥұԮ˴æǰԩˣΪҼԩҼҪʥ

һ֣ܲıûôˣ۳ϵ̫̫һã˵뿪ΪλҪ˴ǲǿٺ۸ˣ
¼ҵڱλȨأɲ
Ȼ飬Ҳзָߵܼͣһǲ¼ҵġ
֪ᣬȻô֮⡣
ˣҼӣ곣ģΪȥϣοҼϹѵҼӶϵˣ˵ʣܲˣһֵĻ˵ˡ
ٸϵ㾹Ȼð䱾ٵʦЦ
ˣ治ϵã
ߣ
ҡͷˣҼҹʱ򣬿ɻᣬʱûҼǰ˵ûģλȨˣȻϵˣҲãҺҼӾ̲ſڣǿûˡ
˵־Ҫһͷײȥܲһ鲻ã̺ס
סǵˣǲ
Сģסֿܲġ
֣ܲ˵ǺαأúûŲɣ
Բ죬ԩ飬̲ȥʲôط
ܲ˦ӣתȥһߣߵ̫̫ǰͷȥ
ȥɣŵġ
ƾվһȫˣȵľ仰
̫̫Цĺƽܲİ㻹һģЩ⣬ϹڵҲԭ㡣
ܲĻЩԥһ£ʦѧˣ¼ڱλȨأѧûа취
仰͹ˣ͵ˡ
廹ȰƳ֣Ѿ˹߸С
һЦ飬
һˣŵӹ£¹ܲμμСˡ
Ҳ׷¹ֻаƿؿڵ˫ڷɳ漴˰Ĺٷ
ˣĹٷˣ
һ£
̧ͷȥ˶ûƾѾȥ˲Զϡ
ȻҪ·ģ洦ѾڣܲѾŵȫ£֪νˡ
ȥţһУ˱
ƿϣΧΧһȦ˶ڿ֣Ϲһ壬Ҳ֪ʲôʱŻģݵɣҲû˵ʲô
ϵܲɹţ߶£һİ¡
ǰ̫̫
վһ߿š
ƿԱҩİа
Źȥҩ£ԵϷ߰ݼ°μ¹ˡ
ϷֻǵȻһЦû˵
ƴҩ䣬룺Ҹעҩһ˫Ȼ᳹ʧȥ֪ү빬ϣΪȡ롣
лл
л
ƿʼ룬̫̫ͣһԡ
ˣԱ̫̫Ʊ˹ȥ
ӷ£˵űñ飬ɣԼ¼һڡ
ǡ
Ѿӵת뿪
ת
СһΣתˡ
Ҳس棬ֻҸҪ֤ˣϲţԴ١
ﰲƿ̫̫Ѿ˯ˡ
̫̫Ҳף߰ʮˡижѡ
һЦֹѾʮˡ

ƿ̫̫˼Ϊ̫̫ˡ
˵Ϸ˿ǻĸĺýá
̫̫󣿡
ƾ㵡
ͷʱͼãϷǹŮţϲݣ취ҪȥʱĸͶԵ˼λĸΪ˻ĸӣˡ
¹ǹ˵ǿۡ
¹һΪ˾Ȼ游ɥУ游͵ʱҪʲô˵Ҫһˣڹ
游˵ֻҪŮˣɡ
¹Ƥ˵ϷˣŰϷ˴ӹȢ˻ȥ
ֻӣ¼ҵ̫̫Ǹеˣ游Ϊѣ㲻¡
Ż˸¼ҵĶ˵ġ
ϷίĸǷһƷھˣ¹ϲһֱ˶ͺ
紫ԣǸֻض֮գ¹Żȥһº˺ӣ뿪
ü£
ȻﺢӲǰҪӿҪѾˣͷĶˣ
ӣƱˣã
(δ)

ٶʮһ ǽ

˲࣬˵үȥ¼ˣ˵ϼҵĳ¼ңǱ߱ȥ˵ʱˡ
ͷɸ봫ȥˣڳ¼Ѿסˡ
ô죿үôԶˣ
ĸо㵣˵ʲô˵үˡ

Ըƿӷɽ䵽ļϣƿȥӷɵƵļϡ
΢΢һӹĽ
ô㻹ԷҲ𾪣Ȼö˵Щʲô
ĸ֣ƣ˵ʲô
˵˵ûԷưַŵļϣסļ򣬹峯żϿһۣƺϵĸӡ
ƿżϵĸ˵ȥӵļϣԺӿţȻ㡣
ӻζͷ˰ƵĻſ壬Ź˹ȥҸӲǷɹȥģ߹ȥ
ߵļϳŹ忴ȥѸ⿪ϵţ򿪿һۡ
ʱӻߣȴڹļϲ
ΧңûҵԸӳԵĶԷԸȥʳιӡ
Ӧȥʳͣһߡ
ڽϾһЩ̷һЩʳġ
ʳ͵棬ץһѸӣӷɹȥվڰƵϳԡ
СŸӵëҲ𾪡
忴дһţڸӵϣȸӷߡ
ƽʱӻܿߣֻǵͷʳԿ￴Űƺ͸ӣţֻǸ.Ĵָϵָ
һᣬӿƵĶӣ·ֵĿƵͷʣ㿴ʲô
ӹĲ֪˵ʲôƾ㵣棿
ӹģƸӾˣ˵Ҳϲ㣿
ӹķպʹƿӣķˡ
Ƴ濴ȥַŵ˶ϣ֣ոȻоһЩģȻΪʲôǶһеġ
ӷԶƣһĨȻ
˵үоĶһ£ҪҪ
ƾúܲ˼飬ĸоˡ
һ̶˰Ƶǰ־˹ȥ
ȥƵĶӶһ£иСȭͷһ£ײһ£һ𾪲ѣ̧ͷŰƿȥȥܿӾͰˡ
оˡ
嶢Űƣüܾᡣ
ʱ亢ӻ̫Сˣҽѧ˵û͵ģôᷢ£ôܻأ
оǼٵģǹʲô
˵ʲôЦĺȻܲȻǼ񵽱ˣ
̾Ϣ󣬱ѡ
һ㶼Ϊʲô˵ֻ˵ˡ
忡һ
˵ү˵˵ҶˣͲ֣ôĳ˵ʲôģ
ȻֻţȮӣοأ
Ͳ±ǡ
ɲϡǸλãǽ֮⻰Ȼ˵ģΪǱ˵ģ忿һߣһ̫̫
£ȻҲɻ󣬵ֻм֮֮
һѣʲôǲܵġ
ڰΪʲôӵĻ͸ӽҲþ棬ϾƵĴڣǸ¡
߰ɣˡ
һ³³תָ˰ƣһװ磬һֱֵֻŰƣ³ָס˵һ䣺Ǿã콵󣬸Ҵꡣ
üǿҪǿͼӣܰѴӣүδ̫߿ˡ
˵ܡ
忴۰ȥϷ˱
ǡ
æϳܿͷŴ򿪣˴˳
̫̫ŵ棬ӽҲ˽ȥ
Ͱںߣ칫ǰ·м˺־˻ͣмŮС
㰲ʣϺ¡
¹Ҳǻ˵ϴµʱ򣬳¹سǳʮģʱȱˮˡ
ôϹǽ˺ģ
һһ˵һŰƵ֡
Ƴһ֣ǾãûбҪ֣˿ЩΪ顣
ðƵļŶžֵĻ棬̹ܲˡ
ǼʣֻǾãҲǺɵ¡
žǲɡ
Ҳָͷ֣ܲʲô취
(δ)

ٶʮ ʥ

ʣү˼ǣ²ǷҪϷһҪһ
忴۰ƣǸҲǸϷˣǸҳǡ
Ҫ֪ģµ۾ǣҲûв͸ǽػģ£һʼûô
У²Ƕˡ
ƺЦһ۶ӡ
սƵ֣ͨˣֻһѹмƸºֻĸƽ
һѣҲܸˣֻҪǶãֻҪƽʲôԡ
𣬱ʼأʳ飬ǳųԡ
Ϊˡ
һᴦ£Ҫȥʥʱһ£ӵÿʼûкúȥʥϲҪȥǱ߱ϲڿο
˵첻㣬ʲô飬Ҳûʲô
Ǳĺһú۰
̾ϢһЩˡ
үûµĺӣܻܿǸӡ
Ųһ£ſ˵Ǹ߸Ҳ⡣

߸
ƺ꣬ڹһʱ䣬񻰹¶ˡ
Ȼү£Ǿɡ
ǰȥǳ﹬
̫һﴩĵׯīɫһĻ̫
̫Щܣ۾Ǻġ
һǻʺƳǻʹ
˴żʮ˵š
ƶŵˣôǸ˶
μĸ󡣡ҲŲμ
̫̫̫ȥߵ̫̫ǰͷȥüĿȾһĨѹίˡ
˵̫תһĻ̫ϾǱġ
̫˲۾ȥ̫̫Ƶ֣йأ
̫˷ߵ̫̫ߣ̲סĵ
ǱЩϷˡ
̫˵ŭɣ¼Ҷ˲ɣ
̫ۻ̫ȥɡ
˵ͽȥˣ̫ϣ˵̫ȥɣҪϷ˽ȥ
̫תȥ̫̫̫һ·ȥһֱѹĿޡ
ƿ壺ү
Ӱһۣȥ㣡
һ£ȥһ֪ģүɲҪڣ
Щڡ
˳﹬Ҳֻñˡ
̫̫͵棬ƽȥл̫̫󣬻ʺƳƹ𸣾
̫£̫վţʺͻʹȻҲҪվš
ߵ̫̫ǰƿ˿ӣִʱڵ˵һ·ļ
̫һһ߿ޣҲô£Ϊʲô̫˭ѹ˵ġ
̫̫˫Уһ룬߶СڿóҪܷ
ģҪЩĻͷˡ
̫˵СЩҪ˺Ϸˡ
ǡ
óָһЩҩſʼȡ롣
ȡ˺ܶ£ҩĶѾˣŴá
뿪һȥ̫󿴣̫üͷ̧ŰʣܿЩôȥô
֪Ǹ򣬵Զֻܰ˵Ƥ⡣
ͷģô˵Ĺͷ
ƾãֻҪˣܴȥ
˵ܰ.¹ǵδǴ򣬿ָ֣Ҳ书ǿˡ
̫ûֻ˵ȻǾͲɣ̫̫̫ԨԴǳ̫̫ӹȥɣԺ»ᵽȥˣѹˡ
ʹȥɣʺ㱾


ʺƳɫãҲС
ǺܰݵĴӦˡ
ŰƸˣ֡
̫Ųȥ˻Ǹȥĵ
ʱĵһЩˣǴٷˣ·̲ͱˡ
־Щˣͻ̫ŵöɸһ
ƿǣѾûʲô˵ˡ
õĽ֣ǴŭյĴۡ
ĵڣվһЩˣƽű㿴
һǰƶʱãĽ쿴ǹģЩҳѪġ
ϡ
Ѿ֣׼£ϵ˵ˣվŰɡ
̫
ϵ̫˸ӣϡ
̫ˣ
˰һѹΣ̫ȥ
Ҳֻ̫Ҫ̫⹬ƺˡ
ŮϣҲһ֮֮ϵķˡ
檲μϣ˸ӣϵ۰˰֣ϾǷޣķܹȥˡ
عأΧһһͷк
кְĴСǿԶ˭ǰȺ˭к
ǰ棬ȺͰкǰдˣ游
̫
ˡ
̫ĹشҲڻϵǰ
(δ)

ٶʮ ҪҪ

ȥϵ۵ǰվҪϵ£ȥ¡
ĸҪ檹
±˵֪Ŀģ޷֤
ϵ˾䣺ӺЩˣ
ػϣˣ
Ѿûϵˣ֮Իǻ̫˼ס
һп컯
մһһɫĹװͷϲŰΣĻãһĵĴ磬·ǳˮܽأϵ۴ڴˡ
ϾԼŮˣʱЩʲô
رǻʺڵ顣
ȻŻʺ󣬵Ҳзʱ
ǲˣ˽棬˵ǳ¼Ϲ裬д£
ϵĿƣƱ˵ȷд£ҳѾˣдиϿ
ȥɡ
ϵ۷Ըˣ칫̳ķı˰ںӣд²鰸
ϣﻹ֤ˣǳ¹Ϸ˵֣ɴʻ
ϵ۵ͷ
ֽæȥ£ͷʼ˵龭ϵ۵ɫԽѿһסϵͷ
ǵ죬ܲǻˣС˼ȻѾˣ
칫æŴ١
ȰưѾдϵۣҲѾ
ǲԸģŵʱûĿһ۰Ʊȥˡ
ܿ壬ϵһŭ֮°ܲĵ˴Σѳ¼齻ɹ죬ն
½ˣȻ˵Ϲ֮ԩ飬͵ȹ˵¡
°ɡ
Ҳˣʹ°ɡ
ǡ
̫ϵۣϣ¼ҵ̫ĿҪϳͲС
ϵͷ֪ˡ
̫תȥƵ˷׷£ŰƾͿ̫ţֳִˣһ·ϻɫĺ˵һˡ
Ʊú棬̫̫̫ʲôϵ
Ҫʹģ˵ҲᣬŰûԶȥҰ
;̫˵ߵһˣо׷ȥѾˣ˵Щʲô
۰ƺͰҲֻŻȥĴ鷳
ʰ̫ͳ¹˺ô
ȻǺģ¹˾ȹ̫̫ӵʱ򣬿˶ģʱݺ̫˵̫˽ͨӲǻϵġ
ʱϺͻ̫ڹڣЩҪֳ̫̫ʱΣѵʱҵȵòϢǳ¹ϷڹˣǸ˾֣ҹ˳ȥȥҳ¹Ϸˣ¹Ϸʱʮ꣬˴У˻̫ĸӵġ
˵˻ˣӲǱ˻̫Ҳ˲١
ûкӣ˵һˡ
ҪҲ޿ġ
ڻ̫ᣬ¹Ϸ˾͵ĸװɡ
׹ô¡
ͲˣȻΪʲôȥһ̫أ
˵⺢ӣôɵˣССɶҪ̫ôܣ
Ŷ
׹طûݾʲôûУҲҪ֤ġ
ƱŰȳϾѾĲˡ
·ˡ
ˣҪȥʥԺ󡣡
ƾͱôˣ£תȥҰˡ
ʥ⣬ȥſڣ̫ƿţһţƿûˣҲûй£վš
ȥ¡
.ϣĸƽ
˫ֺʮһĹƿѾҲʲô
ҲѧŹӣϣ̩񰲣ϳ꣬ϡ
ү˳ģֻүƽƽһһ𡣡
忴ߵİƣ۾üĿ㣬ôÿ
תڳȫ
ڳȫ
˵깬ˣ̧ͷѾ
ת˳ȥƻʣͳˣ
һЦڻģǸ˻ġ

꣬Ϊô˵
ڸ˵Ļ˵Ҫ
һ·ˣһֱСĺǻŰơ
˴ӹ͵棬˵үոսӵӼ¼ˡ
ôȥȥ
үȥƲһ˻ȥû˼ҲĹ塣
ʱƲŷ֣ϲһ˵ʱһС¶µġ
嵹ǲ⣬ͷ
ȥ׷ˣߵĲ죬°Ʋ
ǰѾ˿ʼ׷ˣֻǳȥ
(δ)

ٶʮ ܳĴѻ

˳ʮĵطͣˣ˲ˣ³ȥһ£ʱŵ˾ǰ棬ѾɱĲˣǶ˼ˣ
Ǿǲ֮һôɱҲѪ
żѾľȴһû£ż˴ʱҲѾˣѪжѪѪǺɫġ
ƿӿһۣƲһͷ׼ȥӺԶһɼֱ˽û̫죬ҼλǴӰĶȥģķӦǶ㿪˵ıܷӦ
һ£һµʱ򣬹Ѹǰƣϥµסƣһסֱؿڵķɼ
Ȼסˣȴ
Ըоһ¡
ү˫ס˫硣
һû¡
ƿ֣Ѿˡ
Ѽ£ȥסȥɨŷֹѾжˣǽˣЩطʼŤȴûһվ档
ΧţĿӥһ
һŽⶾʱѹסĶԡ
үСģ
ˣΪ񶼱Ķ
ΧҲѰҰ˵ˡ
²򵥣ֻǳ¼ҵܶѣҪǳ¼ҹҵҵʱ׼ǳҪɱǡ
ƴʱŷ֣Ƕ࣬˫۴͡
ѪȴǺɫģǵֶ˲һ˼ָס
ۿǺɫģǵ׵Ķ࣬ɫ٣Ǳ˲ٿˡ
ֲٿذֻڵϿͺ󷨣ý룬ҩɿһˣȴû뵽Ļ
үǱ˲ٿˣ˵Ŀۣ
ƿү⡭
û¡
סƣǰȥ
ֻð
СһЩҪҶƷԸʱ˲֪ʲôطɱһ
ǡ
ҶΧ
ż˾ǰߵһסжˣҶѹġ
˽ⶾǼ
ߵǰ棬˵
żѸƶƵǰѰΧƵһɣһѾȥˣӦһӰһЩΧסԸ
һʱǳ˳ȥŭȥ
үһȥƵˣתʯͷŰƿȥ屻סһץסһˣϣ˲˺ѡ
վȥѾ

ʱѾƣȴѾԷۿһƸмܲס
ڹŭķѵʱһȺɫķ˲ˣһֵסƣΧסһ״һֱɽϮƵĻˣ˲ѻ˴ǧٿ׵Ĵ
ԽԽֱ࣬ѻ˴Ƭ䵽ϡ
һ𾪣Ҳվڶ淢
ŵվԭѾû˷Ӧ
¡
һ̧ͷϣһֻܴĺѻͷᡣ
ѻ
Ⱳӻǵһμôһֻѻһֻ󹫼ˡ
Ҫʱ򲻶ԣҪ۾
үү
뵽壬Ƴǰȥѻæ˳ȥûŷģҲ˹ȥ
סƶ֣ѻΧ忴û£̧ͷΧǵĺѻ
̫ˣѻȻ㡣
Ǻ档һ¶ӣӦøлӡ
ͷһۣѾȻȻ֪浽Ǹʲôǲ񻰹˵ģһӣػζĺӣϲ
̧ͷлѻȡ
ϵĺѻ¸½ҹǶ㿪һЩЩȻ˳ȥЩѻһ򣬰ƿǱߣ֪һǷɼĵط
Σʹ壺үоô
õúܣ
סƵ̧֣ͷһѻѻȻˣĪﱾЩץ
ѻ¸½л䵽˹ļϣļһѹѹܿվˡ
Ƿˣ˵Ƥ񰡣
ôͰԼˡ
ӵĲ¡
¸¡ѻ¸оںԻ֪ѻ˵ʲôǱߣеˡ
үкܺãȻ֪ں˵ء
һ붼ãֻǻûǰ뻯ѻ˵ʲô
˵ǻû⣬Ҫ⡣ѻͷʵһֻͨѻ󰡣ɱ˳˭ôѻأ
ѻǸо̫ãӹҼŹĺŲŲȥˡ
ƺȻЦˣ㾹Ȼ֪ʲô
¸¡
ô
֣˵ʲô
ЦˣҸոܴ󣬳ŲˣЦˣ˵ʲôЦģһٶˣһҲóԣҾ˵Ȼ֪ʲô˵˵ģ˵ܴ󣬳
Ŷ
(δ)

ٶʮ

ƿ֪ûģ˵үȻȥѻ⣿
ǻ򵥣°ףѻ˳ԷΣ
¸¡ѻܸˣһɳˡ
ƿһȥһֻСѻϣƿȥʣ˭
Сѻ̧ܸ߰ͷںƣҲơ
ȥץ㲻Ұ˳ԣ
СѻǲᣬЦ˵κΣ
¡ԶѻлһǿȥŰƳǱȥ˼ףһЩˣΧǺѻ
ȥ飺үǳ¼ҵˣˣ˾ӡҪȥ
ǣҪıҪѾӡʲôˡɫѿߵİơ
ƻȻ򣺡¼뿪ǲȫΪϹϹּ˹׵ı췴Ҫףһ֣ʹϹԩˡ
¼¶ҲΪ·㣬һЩڱ͸ȥƿؾӡһЩǾ̣Ǿ̵ĿΪ˳ＯԺá
үǺôĵӣ
Ȼĺã׼׵ķˡ
忴һ۵ϵˣ˵ѻ֪ϲϲ⣿
ѻ¸µĽлĺѻ̳ȥмʮˣ㹻Ǻѻʢˡ
ƶԺѻ˵ЩֱӣҲʧõİ취ûҵһ׼ҵˣϵĺѼǼһЩܵˣ
ѻ¸µĽһ忴ƣƾͳ˸ˡ
˵һˣ׷ȥǸ˻ˡ
ƻǵһ˵ˣ۷
ϾѻǶһô࣬ң̫̫ҲһЩӾ磬ҪȻªˡ
˵лѻҪȥˣѻȥɡ
¸¡ѻŹȥˣŹ֣һ·߻ȥŹ
˳ˡ
ưӷ£Ѫȣ忴һᣬ촽ҪҪȣ
ҪȣȲ࣬ǿ˹ѪУ㲻ȵĻŻ¡
ź˰ƵѪ룬ԺһЩΪҪؾǡ
ȴ˵ȥȥҵȥҶ˵ȥ˳¼ңҰͽԼ̫
үżˡ
Ĳȥɫѿȥϻȥ
ΥתѸ뿪
ɻȥɫ԰ף泯Щƣ᲻
ᡣô
ۣЩˡ
סƵ֣ˣϢһᡣ
˯
ţ˯˵ţ˯ˡ
żҲˣɳš
Ʒſ֣һӲסż˺ѪҪ壬ȷû֮ǰҪԼ
뿪ȥסŵɨ⣬ոյĶѹסˣ˵ס
˽ⶾÿһųȥתȥΧңҪһҩġ
ҵÿ˸һѣղóԷ˾ͳһȰһ㣬үһЩҵҩҲˣǾͻûˣǵ˿һǴܻһץۣû¡
л
߲ҩȳһ˵Ѿˣʣµ밲ϳ
ϳѻˡ
Сѻˣקקķɵϣǰͷվš
ŵ·ȥǧ֮ĳ¼ҡ
¼ˮҪ·߰죬Ҫ߲ݡ
ҲˣŹʱѾڹ˯ˡ
һ۾ﻹû˯ѵĹ壬Ѿҹˡ
š
ƽͣͣƸ忴һ£ȷϹû£Ʋ뿪ȥ
ǵʲôطˣҲȷ˶Զˣ˯˶ø֪
ʱҲ˯ˣոϢڻࡣ
ѾһٹˡŻش𣬰һ£ߵ̫ˣҪʮܵط
ûǵڸŪƥǰ쵽ջϢ˳ǽⶾٸ·
һ£ǵˣǿԹȥס
ڹȥ
ǡ
ƻصŴ͹ȥ˸ʮһ˼ңȥˡ
˳кǾסںԺ
ûʲôԺܸɾϰֻǳһǲ
ƽвŰѹ̧Ϣѯʸûʲôҩ̣Ҫҩ
ϰΪѣƧҩûҪĶҿȥңҪʱ䡣
˵ţСѻ䵽Ƶļϣֳ궯ӣʣ˸١
¸¡
һ£ǿˡ
ˣ
ƿſڣſڣСѻŷϷɹȥ
(δ)

ٶʮ ¼

Ƶ˳ŷϿȥһ׹ⱻСѻסˣСѻȻСȴǿоãҪһۿʲôҪ
СѻŻת˻ݶᡣ
С
βһӣӻСųģûСѻսһ̴˰ƽ£ϴȥ
ӣСһſĲϣſСѻɻûطˣվСϣһҪɼܡ
ưѶβŵﱧţôˣ֪ҴôõĽⶾҩ˵˵ʲôˣ
СУһЦлл
֪С˵ʲôֻ֪Ϊġ
βˣת뿪ƣܽȥĶ죬ܿ͵ȥ󿴵ȥ굽˹߱˫צȥžڹſš
ҩ裬ƽʱΪԷһÿȡѪŨҩ裬ȻѪôãǽⶾȴܹã滹аصѪ
Сܸм
ҩÿţ˯ǰã˯Ѻãˮͷû£ЩҩҲóˣȻ׼ȳһ£Ҫ̫˳ҺССѻҲ׼ССѻ⣬Ҫʮɣġ
ƽתȥ壬Сѻȥ
ƿ壬ȥ͸һҩ裬ˮͷ
ҩ彥ѣ۾Űƣ˵ˣ
Щ˵֪岻£Ǻܼ
ȻˡƲ˲ᣬǼˣ
ҽô꣬ܶԼָͬܲôԡ
ֱ䵽Լϣᡣ
ֲ˲Ҫ޵۾ʲôⲻûô
ѾǵһˣҪôǿô֪ж㻹ȥ׷
ƲȫԹ浣ģ
Щ񣬺Ȼ˵Сս°ٴΣÿζʱǹңǻϣĸ󣬱ܱһξͻкܶΡ
ԸսɱϣҲܿŵǰܣˣǵĺ·Ͳܷǡ
ɱǣնݳһݣܱļҹ¡
עŹ壬˵
ԭҲһ㶼İڵӡ
ֻǾܲźá
ƣˣ𣬱ĸһЩҲ£ʱȥ˲ǣǶѱʱƾʲôôŵĲܱ
ˣʲôȥıҪ
ȻʶЩĶڲ
˿үô˵Ѿܸˣϣүʱǵá
Ʋű
ǲţڱ벻ôģϰ߲ǹؼƷŹſͷҲˡ
ţƽ˽
ƹġ
ƹ񻹴ŮˣŮʮһʮһ
˶ǶׯˣֻǴźء
һһݷˣȥŵϣƹǶʮʵţŵһߵ̨ϣ⻹Ѫ
ţ⣬һǷˡ
Ů˷¾ˣƹ棬£ϳμӡ
Ӵ£ҲסƵ
ŵϹŵ˹˵겻Ϲܼһã
ãлš
Ǹūɡ
ɣǱơ
ǰ˵Ʋ֪νֱӽܸˡ
ƹƣֹˣū밲ݼ
ɣԼ˲ˣ㲻Ҳϲ˹ҡɿ֣ȥƹ
ƹæ˼ͷΡ
ʧһЩµǰˡ彻ȥƹӦʱ˵һߡ
忴ۻڿһ
԰ɣС
βСѻɿȥ⣬ƺ͹ȥ³ԷƹŸˡ
Թ㹬ȥԺתתƱȥˮû뵽ȴаš
òż½·ˮ·
˴뵽ôȥ
Ȼ˻û찲ƺ͹Ѿˮˡ
˰ƸŹ壬ŶβСѻһ·ȥΪĳ¼ң¼ҵʱѾرأ˼ˡ
ϳ˹壬ǰ̹£ְμ
Ҳ̹ μ塣
ûᣬ¼ҵĴۡ
ƿͷϵĳ¸֣˽ȥ
Ժ˶ǹˣǳ˶ˣѾϰˡ
ڿԺľ׮ϣŵŮٽУţɲĴˣЩûʲô³ˡ
ٶʮ
(δ)

ٶʮ ˮܸ

һж簲岻ǸĴˣŵĵһ죬ɱʮˡ
Ͳ鰸ͬ¼ҵѾˣĵֻһ֣ɱ
¼ҵʶʣնɱˡ
ǶˣѾʮˣͱȳ¹ϷСûмꡣ
ɱ˵ʱƾڲԶţʮ֮һնɱġ
ɱ˵˳ɱмģһǶ˵ĳӣɱʱ˿޺һƬСĺӲˣ쳣ҡ
˿Ŷһǰ˫۷ֱһ˲ʮ꣬ԭϵһ̫̫֪ǱˣѾʵ
ǰѪȣӲû˷Ӧ
ƿһˣҽɱˡ
ȥƾŷҲ֪˸ʲôˡ
峹ˮɱ飬Ѫ飬ѹֱ֮ɱŰԡ
һֱڳ¼ҵĸûгȥ֪涼ڸʲôҲ˵涼ʲô飬ֻ֪󣬳¼ҵһ˱˳ȥ
ǸŮӣʮ꣬˵ǳ¼ҵһϱײһ겻ۿžҪˡ
ʼ¼ұϳȥնɱʱŮӾڿޣ޵ɵˣ﷢Ҳ֪ԡ
ֱȥƿĶӳ񣬶βվڰƽתţСѻҲԺϿ
ǸŮߵʱϻѪһ뵽ԼĺӣôɱŰԺô죿
ֱ˭ףҹ£²صġ
ɱôס£
ʱĲͬҵġ
ֻǰţӲȥǸλãȴɱ˿ħ
ĵأ˵Ϊ˴Ѿһ·Ըһǧɱ˿ħҲҪôأ
ƹϢһᣬнŲ۾Ϳ崩һɫһ˽
ӲǺܴ󣬵һЩɫĽﻹ¶һɫڣһֻС֣һиСźϲˡ
һεˡ
ϴӴϴЬߵǰѾӽ˰ơ
й䣬˸ӻ
Ʊӣ򿪿ǸճӤһ˫۾ΪǰĸͷˣŻԶ۾Ǳߣ˰죬Ӹˡ
ȥססƳһ˹ȥ
ϸ˸飬Ϊ̫СˣϲĲˣССģܿɰ
ƿһ£Ǹк
ү⺢ԺҪ볯Ϊô֪⺢ӵΪ֪Żã⺢Ӳôڡ
ô֪岻ôˣӣҪϹѪġ
ʵ⺢ӲںδѾʴˡ
ϾطһҪš
һӣǲ¼ҶϺ
⺢һ󣬱ãŵĳˡ
ɱʩˣֻΪ˻¹һ֮¡
ɱôˣôᣬ治ں˵ӿʼʹҪһɱ˿ħ
Ȼˣûи˵ҲȲסˡ
ܿ⺢ӣѾܸˡ
պˣҲá
źӵ֣Ϸ˻ϲ⺢ҪиطõģǲˣϷˣҪЩӲУʱⱻɡ
ү˼ǣ˶ų¼
ţѾѻʬԸɾˣû֪׶ʲôˣ˵жٺӺииǲкӡ
˵̧ͷȥүιѻѵͲǻô
˶ǲܳԣǵҳһˣȫ塣ǰ˵Сѻķ˳ȥŵȥͨ籨ˡ
̧ͷһۣүôѻϵϵģܹͨô
ܸͨãֻҪٻˣʡ鷳ˡóӴϸ̵ָӸƿ
ȥһᣬġ
˵ģרٻѻġ
ƻ˵ʲôӻ˵үϱӿ϶Ǵħ
ƿӣЩûл᳡úѻҲһ£ֻôѪȵ飬붼̡ܲ
ⱲӾͲǣԵ⣬̧һۣĲ֪˵ʲôֻõͷȥвʣ˵䡣
ǣ㲻˭ǣ˰˵ľ͸ɱħһҳű󶼻ָָ㣬үͲ췴ô
¼ԭӵģ˵иõģɱ˳¼ҵˣͲ³¼ύıô
Ҫ֪ˮܸۡ
(δ)

ٶʮ Ϸ˻ظ

üȥףΪˮ̫ˣ̫ˣҪˮضϷȻҪ
ƣ֪һһ˵
Ҳ룬£ϣƻû¡
ǣǸĺº󻼡
û취Ц
Ψһİ취նݳ
ǵĺ·
ô˵үһ㲻ģƻǾˮطѾˡ
¼ͻȻ壬˵ǵ췴δؾͻţɿĻǾͺ˵ˡ
һΪʲôӣ
д㣬Ϸ˾ͻ¹յϲ»˴ǻ½ӹˮط¼ҵ˼ģҲΡ
Щ£Ҫʱ䣬š
ǻһ׹ûпǣ
ƿһṬ壺ү˵ξΰɡ
Ӽãȷû⣬ʹ壺үʲôȡô
ûãȡɡźӵɿźϸꡣ
һ£¼ȻҪվûϵүѾ¼ҸϾɱҲǳƽˡ
¹Ϊ游Ϊºͣ˵Ϳ๦ߡ
ʵǷǵġ
⺢ӣг¶
һ£ͽг¶ɡ
Ҫ̣ô죿Ƶûչ˺ӵľ飬⺢ӽſʼû޹
ʱ磬Ǹˣ˯һᣬ뿪ѹ
ƿһẢӣа취˯š
˵ҩָۣմһ£СӷŵСͷŪһ£ʵʵ˯ˡ
ʣҩ
ҩôܸСã޹ɢһûãǰʱоġ
ұҪõģȡǺܲ׵ģ޺ɫζģ˯ŵʱҩĶһʱ䣬ҩЧͻɢȥͻѹˡ
ȻɫζΪʲôҪ޹ɢ岻
ƺЦöණôֻȡ˸Щ֡
ɨһ۰ƣ֪˵ƣ㲻ڶԣͷӸϣת档
һӹٱѾţ֣ô죿
߰ɡ
峯ǰȥƱӸš
Ժվӹٱ̳Ź¹
μ
Ϲݵ޹ģصڳ¼ҵĸۡ档
˸ĳԺﴩϣŵϻ˺ܶˣҲڡ
Ϊ׵ļǳ¼ԭȵˣѾ׷֮ˣһҪڵϹݡ
˵¼ϹҴĻӲǹ
ϹǰȻȾʣ¼Ҿټһصˮ
Ϸ˽շתµﾩǣǧ࣬ڼϣּ⣬Ϲ֮£˹ףϹ
Ϲ˱룬˫Ȳм꣬ڵüա
ˮó¼ˡ
գؾҲӭӳϹ˻ظӣϣ𣬳¼һǳ¼ңҴĻ֮
ҵȻ֣̿ȫƾ̻壬¼ԸЧһϣЧҴǡ
ȺһӦƿȥȻ֪ǶʲôˣùŵˣȻͨˡ
忴һۣ㳯ŲԶȥ
ʱһ߶ǰ˲Ǳˣǰ
һƥͷǻʼҵĻ˰˸Ӷǽɫģ滹飬ޱȣ
ֺһЩЩˡ
ƿЩ˵Ĵţǳ͢ĹٷҲˣϵ߰ʮ꣬Сʮꡣ
뵽˵ĻƲҲˡ
Щ˶ǹ˵ĳ¹ϲ¡
ͣ£ߵǰϥ£²μͳ¹Ϸ˻ظ
롣
ȻƱӿһۡ
ȥƿӣ룬ȥϷ˴汻˷˳һ֣˻Ȼ¼ҵ˸ŵòᡣ
Ϸˣˣ
̫̫մһھŵ̫ϵ磬ǰ񳯷ɫķʱɳһ
̫̫ͷ׵ͷֻһΣȴԵޱ
̫̫ʱ򻺻䲽һ̫̫˹ȥָ̫̫̫̫ȻһЦָ˹壬˵ˡ
Ϸ˹ǫˣҪϷ˱ˡ
лˡ
̫̫ߵ¼ҵſڣ˿ϵˣŹ˵Ϲ˵ҪıҲ²ߣʮˣҪǧϸǡ
ı֮¼ҵ𣬾ϹǺϹҲῴȻס
𣬳¼ҪˣŬӮûϵΣѾˮ˰գÿѡĹٽְ
ϣǶɡ
ҵϹ
ϵ˶ڻش̫̫壺ˡ
Ϸ룬ͷ˽ȥ
(δ)

ٶʮ ʼ

̫̫ţ̫̫תһ۰ƣЦһ£ƿһۻӣһ£ŵĸϷ˹ȥ
ϷˣүΪ¼׼ģг¶ոճãү˵¼Ҳˣ⺢Ӿ͵ǸϷɡ
̫̫ɿֵͷȥƿͷ˯ĺӣ΢΢ɣ۹壺лģһ
Ϸ˵ĺϢ
ã
Ϸ˿֣֡
ǡ
ָæǰ˹ȥڻѡ
Ϸ˽ȥϹϲǷ׷װݼ˵¼ҽˡ
ҵһ
Ҳڶԣ۰ƣֱȥ棬תǣ뿪ˡ
˲ԶͿżںӱߵš
μү
Ը¼֮ʣǼ¼գȵȷûб仯ٻؾǡ
ǡ
żѸ뿪һֻѻ¸½л˵ûˣǿˮ·ˡ
š
ŴȥŰˮ·ȥǻû˵ؾǡ
Ǻܿ쵽ﾩǣڳͱסˡ
ҵȷȺԺ󡣡
ص־ˣ֣үǲʲô飬Ϊʲô˾ǣǽȥ
ô֪
嵹ǲżһС
ƿôݣҲûʡ
˰ʱ˳
ľȻǶ;
ƿЩ֣Ѫˣ
մһɫ£ˮ䣬µĿʽȹȹһҪǧӡ
ƶ·ӡģ·ģҲѡ
ǲǾ˲ÿôᴩӵ·ġ
һīɫ£ǰɫģؿƣҲ·ѡ
·һһˣɲСĿ
ˣʵ
屳֣һΧŻڡ
ҺƻҪڴ˵Ⱥʲô˼
ûʲô˼ǵģոڼ׼һЩˣǱⲻǡ˵ⲻǣȴһⲻǵӶûУⲻ꣬Ҳ˵˵ˡ
嵹ǲǾɡ
һ£ҲסˣոջƽĿ⣬Щꡣ
ôǹүˣ⼸ղź͹ͺá
βٺͿˣҪֵĶԹãڶλİȡ
ҲˣԲãԴǴοԶ̬ȣͶԾøȫޡ
ֺơ
ˣѹߣίˣ˲ᡣ
˵ǱĴ㲻ҪΪѳⲻǱǣȥȷʵǣǷǣȥȥ˰ɣѾıܶࡣ
ˣⲻǾˣһμˣҪ˵ȵģǽ˵ĵˣѵЩ֪
ʵĶƿԡ
ͳŸʱŰˡ
ȥס֣ȻѾҪλȻҪˣǲģװã˵ţ±ˡ
ҲΣԳгɼѾ޷ĵˣҲ͡žֱӻ˾ǡ
ǰƺ͹壬߻ȥġ
·ϰʣǶͷۣôĻ£Ȼʲô¶ûС
ϾǾҵˣҪھҵС
ͣһ£ŹǱ߿ȥү˼ǣҪģ
˭
Űߣ˵֪˵ʲô˵
ģֻҪģ²˶»Ҫ˵ʡ
үô֪ĵģƿɲôΪġ
岢δ˵ֻǴŰƻظ·ûе飬ܿ쵽
ϹܼһǰӦү
⼸աڣʲôѯʣϹܼԥһ£˵⼸¡
ǰջ¼̣Ҫնˣµˡ
񾩳Ƕ˵£˵լʺ
ǲ֪˭ҥ˵үˮ¼ɱ˵լʺټ϶նģΪľҪѶˡϹܼǺܲ񾩳ǵ˶үʮ⡣
ô嵹Ǻƽ
ܼҼҲûʲôˣľ޿⼸һֱסڸ˵ģҪȥϷ˿˵Ͳߡ
ô
ûˡ
ûˣȥϢԺ
ǡ
ƸŹȥԡ£һͬ
칫һڹſڵȺһӭūμ
ɡ
ᵹǻָһЩû˵ǰƺܿףǻҪģ
⼸Խòã˯ʳãҹ¡һֱ
ɣɫѿĹ塣
̹죬˾Ϳʼˡ
(δ)

ʮ ȫ

סʲôطʺ¶ѾǸʵֻǲʺ󵽵ô¶ġ
칫˿Χ˵ڻʹ
⹬ûмŮʹҲֻһ
ǰ칫ƺҲʶʲôΪѵĿŰơ
ǻϳ֪ô
֪⼸Ҳ㲣ÿ϶֪£ѹŸסˣū׼һЩҩȵ˯ǰÿ˶Ҫ£Ա֪
ˣҲܵǡ
־ҪѲģÿ˯ڿŻϡ
ϲ֪ôˣ͸ħһҪ幬ȥˡ
¹ţһֱء
£ƾ㵲ѣŤͷ塣
ȻʹƣǱȥ
һ˵Ƶͷȥϣȥ
ȿϡ
ȥüͷšţѿĸʲôƵģƽ鱾ҲãҪԵˣҪ¹ѹ񿴼ѿ
칫æȥǰ棬˽
̧ͷһСѻСѻɵվŵǡ
ĵ칫ȥ棬ϵۺܿǽȥ
μϡ
μϡ
ϵ˵ɡ
칫ʱѾȥŹϹ̨ߣѰһҲ̫Ϲˡ
ϵ۱ϾǻϣǶżҲܾôȥˡ
Ѿ棬ϵҲûƽϣ̧ͷ۹壺ˣ
ʣɫô
⼸᲻ڳ˯ˣҹϵۿİƣɡ
ƿɲǹԴϴε鷢ҲˣŲϵƭ˵Ļ
ǣϡ
ȥϵۣһֱ棬ƿ̫ʲôһƾͿˣϵ۵ɫϿѾǶѹģҺˡ
ϣ
æ˵ϵ۵ͷ˸ط°סϵ۵ɨ衣
̫ˡ
Ʋ֪˵ʲôɿ־ϵۡ
ϵ˵ˡ
һȥϣȺһ㳼ѪãǰһֽҩֽԽٶֻˣϣоȡ
ӣһȥѪ˳˭û뵽ġ
һˡ
ۣΡ
͵ϵ۵ߣϵҲˣϣУҲһ޲ܺ㡣
Ѫ䵽ϣżװ˷ˡ
ϵ۵죬ȥ
ԭǲģϵۻǹ壬ҲȲѡ
ϵ̧ƣѪȥһסƵ֣ƵѪ
建Ťϵ۵ɫɫڽתסϵ۵ɨϵɨ裬Щڱɣϵ۵𽥵ĺת
ˣ
ϵۺͰ˵Щʲôŭ־ȥһ£ѰƵָˣϵҲһãȻ񣬱ûзӦˡ
ưסָĺܿ죬˿Ѿˡ
˹ĿһϵۣϴԼһ£ˣ
ǡ
ϵһЦоöˡ
üϵ˵ػǶԵģһ̥Ǻܶ
˵ʲô
ϵۿ壺ȥɣûˡ
Ű׼ȥϵ˵ȵȡ
ͣ£ϵ˵ҲȥɣҲ֪ˣ˳˵˵¼ҵ¡
ʣʺ
ĸ
ϵ̨ףţǰһ¡
ʺȻ̫¶ôģ
˴ĵϵǰ棬칫æڼݣȴ֪ڼƳһ۽幬칫æźϰڼݽ幬
ϵںƺƵĹ˴ӵȥ幬ߣߵİ
ϵ˵¼Ѿնǰղزܼնȥɡ
£ջس˵ʮ㡣
Ѿ顣ϵһȻߵĲľ磬ȻǸŻߵģӵȥ°ƺ͹վں档
໥һۣߵߣү롣
һ°Ƶ֣Ž幬ȥ
ү̹ˣ˶ҲûˡС٩
崹úúллƣȻȥҪཻЩá
õүͲعˡŤͷЩ죬Ҫģ
˵幬⣬幬վ칫칫һ˦
˽ŵϹһƬȥ˽幬
ϵţ˱йȥ
ɿƣһСЩðƸ칫ȥ幬档
(δ)

ʮһ ӵ

칫ſ˵ѾһˣһѪ
ЩãϵıҪ̫Ҫ
˵󣬲ţǾ̫
ƵͷȻ֪׿ǵʲôҲû취ԣʱһ紵ݶ´ҡ
Ҫĵģе껪̫Ӱӡ
ߵǰûŮźţֻдϵľ԰űӡ
칫˵ǹ˼Ҫˣ˶ţ˵鲻ãʲô˶ķ
ƿ칫֪ˣҲȻرܣҿ
칫£ߵ齱£ס󣬸ɨ衣
۾ˣ
ﻹãƵȻ
һЦãֻǾۡ
Ʒſ֣Ӵ򿪣ֻ·롣
ƽ⿪˾£ƿǶǶ¶ӡ
ˡ
ת۾ϣعǡ
ƾþ϶֪ԼôˣҲˣֻҪʹһЩ
ưסؿڣҵλĹǽڣλ
۵ĺһɿָ·ŪãֹۻѪ׵ҩ£˵һվš
ؿڣ㣡
˵Ҳܸ
ҽˣһǽӴңұ㲻źˣˣ
˻ᰲƣлл㡣
ǳְﲻл
δأ㲻ȣҲû֪ģҼΣҶΪ˵кܶຢӣҸ׼Щ
´ȥһߵӣ򿪴һõϸƴ򿪣ܸ˵ģһĶ˶ˣŵüźˡ
ҲǰĻŵˣżӵС·к̵ģ۵ģ·кܶ룬붼ˣǶӳϡ
źˡ
ƿһᣬȥſ칫칫Ϻү
ǡ칫תȥǰܿ칬ϵһ𵽺
Ŵ򿪹忴һ۰ƣûͷˡ
ո͵ģ϶ûҲû
Ҫ£Ȼо
ʱѾŵɫ԰ףȫӲˣϵ˼˹ȥϡ
ϵ۰Ѿס档
еĴŹ˹ȥ
ǰ˵˵Ҽξܸм˵˼Ҫ˰Ҫҿ͸ǵ
Щֳӽ룬֪үϲϵã
ûֶǵһμû뵽Ȼڻʹ档
Щĺ֣Ľųϣӹģ˵ĲҿĸͷǳģһֻĴָô
Ҫȥһס֡
̧ƣ˵үʶֶô
ʶлӣСʱŷ￴ŷ˻˰ӣûôһЩȥס
СⶫҲо
ǰ˵ƱЦүо
ӵͷնȥܻգǿ
ǰ˵һסˣŹӢ˵Щ
רҵ⣬һ㲻оԱǲ֪ģȻ˵𾪡
ҲڳЦ˵ҵļ룬СǿǺܶģǵһֲж٣϶һġ
סƵ֣ŵŻʣƼ˵
Ƽͷû˲ԭԭΪ̫ˡ
Ϊûͷû취ʳˣǻġ
ӵ֮ǿΪû֪Ϊʲôɱ
˵ǿӵʱһŲȥȻӲȥ
廹ǺõģѰɣ
ȥͷҲûá
ףҪǰסˣɡ
ϸĶӣʱӹŻһ
ӵĵġ嵹Ǻ
ƵͷԿжϣЩӶжġ
ж
忴ƣ˵ûӶжģǵĳףǺĵطǺʱͻ붾Ǹң˶Ƕˡ
תűžϵۣϵ۵Ŀ䣬Ҫ
ƿѾ侲ľû˵
ֵܶףҪҪϵۡ
ֻֻô˵ʵͬʱҲܰѾƲϵ
(δ)

ʮ ү

תЩʣƣܲʲô
ࡣ
ƴһʵĲӣóףѰ°
ˣлʹͣǳĻ񡣡һŽⶾȥ
æŽӹȥллл
ˣүȻȥ
Ҫȥоôģ
˵ϣˡ
ȥɡ
ϵת뿪ĹͰƣ˵¼Ҽնˡ
ǵá
ֱˣҪ˳ȥ
ţŰƿ뿪ʹ
صȡϵĶأȻϵҵĶһġ
ƴоҳ壬ůվߵǰ

ƵͷһĶ

ɫһתſڡ
ߵһº֣ôȥ幬ģүɻǵʱǷֿĵֻжңϣ칫飬ǴһֱҲ¶֣ΪˣڿӦҲǻӣֻһֱûз֣㷢֣ҲѻӵǺ˵֡
ոҲС·Щ·һЩʵ˿ЩҪû´ǱЩζȥģŻڰ
忴ƣٿػӲ£ܡ
үܣ
ⶫϲĶֻҪһЩʳ취ŵ幬޹棬Ϳˡ
ҡͷӦ˰ѻӷŵ˽幬ֻǲ֪˭
ǴĵҲô˭֪
һ£ȥĵ˲࣬ܲġ
ƿ壺ү¿ûˣҪǲ취ֹ¶ǻµġ
£ƿʲôӣ˻˯ѵģ
ƿȥү˼ǣ
û˼
岻ԣҲʣתȥһŰɫҩɲ޹ɢ㲻Ҫ˯˿Ҫ졣
ҪҲѲġ
ҩƻȥҡͷҪǲҪǾûбˡ
һˣĿҪһЩ˯ɡ
ƿȥСĵ㣡
ߺƱȥϢˡ
˯ѾǺˣҲû˯ˡ
ȵҹŻһŰƾ͸оϵϢˣһѪȡ
ӵĵƿţӵıϻѪ۰תȥǳأȥϴˡ
ȥȥˮ۾
ү
š
վһߣ˭ˣ
ƽܡ

סƽܣ
ţʱ˱·ڳԣһѾˣ
ʲô
۾
ˣ
ˮԡ۱Ѱƴ˳ȥ
Źȥͷ³
ǻʺˣ
ţΪ˵̫أʺ󲻷ĳˡ
үô£ϾͲô
ƽСˣݵתص£Ƴ״סˡ
үˣ
ԽԽòܣС˿ɲƽĳġ
¿ӣҪˣҲˡ
ˣ
š
ǻʺʵǣ
̫ŭؼұ˼
Ŷ
Ʋˣ˵ˣϵĵܵܣ͵ϣʲôСˣˣˣǲϣ̫ô
ʵڶˣܲȥ
Իؼ̽׻ʲô֮Ǳ򷢳ˡ
Ů˲ֻܳһȥȥuǻʺǡ
үʺȥˣѾ뵽ˡ
û˵ƿû˵֪˵ˡ
ϨϡʣүѲС£ÿÿ˲ǳ
ã
ҡͷת§סү˯ɡ
š
˸ֵΣμƽܱƣ·ϱһУ±ˡ
ƴͷ˯༫õĹ壬ꡣ
µ˯ݣ˿һ㣬˯ȡ
Թ緹׼ţͿԺſڵľޡ
ˣⶼˣʲôʱҪ˯Ͳˣľһ죬һʱˣȻܲˡ
ԺſҲľ޵ҲڣҲڡ
Ƴ֮ǰҶలµġ
ľ޿Ȼദ˲
ҲûкżǺǵģǲǻŲ¡
ʱȻЩãүһ˵ô
߰ɣȥҿ˷ˡ÷ϻ֪ľǵȥ˷˵ģҩߡ
ľޣɵɵһ£תŸȥ
һ
βƽһ´˽ȥŰƵһȦſ档
ľڰƶ棺͹˸ĲԶαҪ
һỹҪȥƽܣҹүˣδ˵ľ޺Ȼ˵ˡ
(δ)

ʮ ľ޵Ļ겻

ﰲһ˵Сѻˡ
ƿ򿪣Сѻɽ䵽Ƶļϡ
ľ޴ĿϣһãȻУҲ֪Щʲô
Сѻ߰ͷ˾ϢȥС
СѻȻǲԸģſŵСӲվڰƵļϴ
˸ưСѻŵСߣҪܡ
ƴȥʱľ޻Щ㱣³ʱѰҲһ
תľޣľѾûˣĻҡ
ҲȰ˵ʲôľ޹򶨵Ŀһ۰ƣȥ˹˸
ƽŹ˸Ѿ˳ˣƼæߵߣӭӰơ
ǹĿľ޵Ĵ磬ȴľ޴࣬ľ޵ĵˡ
ͳŰƹϸ֪ʲôˣǴ˵ĳӣϮ׵ľλģѾǿˡ
Ϳƿߵľ޲Ŵк
ĸ״Ѿоͷʹֻ⼸һֱڴ޷˵û֪ʲô취ĸ״ˡͿǸȥʵˣƵһ㶼ųˣ˵ʱѾźԺȥ
Ϳһ·棬˳˵˼䡣
˷ûʲô󰭣ֲϵѪҺʱһЩܺúͨ˵˫Ⱦͻû£Ҫһ㣬ǾͲˣܾͻӰ쵽˫ȵߡ
¿зӣĸ״⼸ձһֱڴϣ˵˫һ˵ĸ׵ȲߣͿһҡ
˵ɡƵûôġ
ŰӭͿˣǹˣȥ˸кˡ
ؿ롣
ϴΣι¿˵ͰˣȻʲô˼
Σ˷˵Ǳסˣôһһжøм
˿ƲദҲǸˣ֪ͼ
οϾǹľ˾ˣΪѹ̫Ҳ˵ˣԹǺõġ
Ƶͷȥ˹˷˵Ĵǰ
ȻϲѾˣҲû˵ʲôֵ飬ҲͲƽˡ
ҪϾҽ
¹˷Ѿ۾ˣ⼸ҲֻǱǰʹǺһЩЩףǿԭϺõòˡ
Ƶͷ˸к˺á
ˣ۳Ͷ٣ףһ·ȻۣոջҪңʵǹⲻȥκⲻǲĺܣѲ
ֻƵǺ⣬Ź˷˲ദ˵̬ľҪúܶࡣ
Ĳһһжȸ˷˿
ưס˷˵ɨ衣
ſְ˷˵ȣϵµļһ飬룬˷˼롣
Ƭ̣ƲŰȡ԰ѹ˷˷
˷˻Щ£ƷҲֻϡ
ӴƷŹ˷һᣬԼҲܾȣ˼ܼүҵˣˡ
ˣˡ
æȥƲŰѹ˷˵ɿǷ̱һ
ƵǾãһԷ˺ɼҲǶ໵ɡ
˷ſڴ˵Ļ˵˵ĲҪģҪмǴ󱯴ϲ
˵˷æ뿪˲˲ϵᣬŰǱ߿ȥ
˵һΪ˷ҩǰڻҪ뼸ΣӦþͿԲˣҩĻӦҪ԰С
ָܻʲô̶ȣҪ˵ı̶ˡ
ãرͷʹ֢
ֻҪȹһ꣬ͻûˣмǲҪԶ࣬һЩˣԲҲкô
л˷˲ᣬúˣھҪúõĻţǸܴϲ¡
Ͼͷʹ֢ѾʹôˣѾûˣ˵ѾĪĿοˡ
˷æŵллһúμĶ
˲ؿҩҪ˴һ룬һһҪ뿪Ҫʱ䡣
ҪߣҲڵ顣
˷æŵͷȥš
ƴҩ䣬ó˷˴һ룬ʱޣҲֻµȣ뿪
Һ㲻شһ룬Ҫʱ̹۲죬˸ĸҽҲ£Ȼġ
ЩǹؼƷ֣ľԴ˵ƽܵ飬һֱ겻ᣬ֪Щʲô
(δ)

ʮ ةฮ

ӹ˸뿪ƽҲʱ䣬Ļ
˴ʮϸƽòת뿪ľŤͷ˿æŰƾߡ
׼Ʋ˵һ£ǻȥϳˡ
ľ޵ɫһ˭˵Ҫȥˣ㵱ĴϿˣҪȥ
˺Ϳſڣһľ޵ĻһΡ
˺ǳ⣺ľޣ㻹֡
޶֣Ϳ庢ƵҪľ޻ȥľ޿ͿӲûᣬֱƿӾȥ
ͿһżľתͿ״ˣ֪ѣתת⣬ȥҲģű
˵ľѾ棬ͿҪ˵ʲôסˣȥɡ
Ϳæ״ˣ޶Ȼжĸ״ˣ֮²硭
޶Ļ飬պδֻǾڴˣ㲻޶ҲȻá
˼Ҳᡣ
˿뿪ת˸
ΪףȻ뷨ľ飬ί
۾ǣ˭ܱȹۡ
ίһҲ޷ʧеá
ΪѾ壬պľҲԿ
ˣͿֻø˽ȥ
ƿ￴һľޣǺܻҽڣľֺģƿҲ⣬ת⣬ű顣
ƱССĺë۾Ϣ
ﰲľ޲ųŰǱ߿ȥһֱةฮͣ£Ʋ۾
ſβƿľ޴ȥ
ҩúãŰȥةฮ
ľ˳ߵƺͰߣְѰҩ˹ȥ⧲ҩͱˡ
תľѾȷˣŰɡ
ˣͷҪҩûȥľɫһ
ľ޵ǿֻȥơ
Ʋ˵ÿŰɡ
ǡΣةฮ
ȥšƷԸˣȥţܿةฮ˳
ܼһæſ˿棬Ƽæ밲ƽȥ
Ҽة׼ȥ
ܼһ·ţ˵ƽ˵飬ڻʺһֶûᡣ
ֱӵ˺ԺƽܵԺӣǰƶѾվſվţѾ߶޵۾ˣȴûƶô
Ҳ۾ɨһ۹ȥģҲˡ
ƶƽ֪ܲ
ƽܶƶ˵ֻƶûңûƽǸ硣
ôˣһƶ͸˼ѪһŰʡ
ܼæŽͣСΪٽŻˣĪ֡
ġúƶƽϣԺȥƶƣľ޿ҩ䣬ǴΪ𾪡
ľ޿ƶæȥľޣϾѣû˺ˡ
ľȴǸһˣľ޲ں˵Ŀϵı
ƶҪľ޳£Ҫʾľޡ
ʱľ޿ƶҲûƶƶ֪ЩӲͷƤȥľޡ
ľ޿ôңҺȥ㡣
ƶľɫһοûϵģαؼʵģ
һŤͷľ
죬Ҫֳ
˵˵ˣҲö˵ʲô˵׶ƶԼǵĻ
ľ޵ﲻɳĹֱԸƶΥСˣȻŹ
˿ƶҲסˣҶ˵ʲôֻܵͷ
ƽľޣ
ľûİһ۰ƣ޸֮ǰɲģ֮ͳӣûá
Ҳ˵ңףҲһƽȥ˵
ľȻԲᡣ
üƽϣȥֱƽסӣſڴʱվżˣڿޣܱϳةޡ
ܼҴŰƽţةվ﷢Ƽæǰк

˵ة಻ؿٽģٽжң
Ƴ濴ȥة˿޵һ߽ةӭ
ˣةҿٽƹ˲ȥƽܡ
ƽڴţɫ԰ף۾ա
סƽܵɨ衣
ʧѪ࣬𣬰Ʒſƽ֣ܵƿӿѾˣȥã˻ţҪǲĻư졣
壬ݾ
ƽܲûʲôɵ飬ΪʺƳ־ôء
Ҫϵ£ң
Ƴǲ֪ҪԵĲһϵۣһֻĹ壿
ľޡƽˣľѾ˺ܾˣƽвŻع
ҩҡưҩߴ򿪣Һ
ȸƽܴһ룬˿ڡ
(δ)

ʮ ֮ƶ

ƽܵ˿Ҫϣ˿Ѿʼס
ƾùǸ˸ܴ鷳иҪÿ챼Ҳˣ
Ϻ˿ڣٸƽףѾˣ۵
°Ʋ˲ϵĺ˵ԭʵ̫
ƽة಻ģѯʰơ
ܱ֤Ҳû̫İ취ֻܵѹˣ˿ѾʼףǲܺãҪ컯ûôܸõҩˣҵôáЩΪѣ˵˲Ƕж˵ǲðˡ
ةˣŰưſڣһھ
ְˣȾСɡةⱲ۰ľƽܣȻʱһĸŮУƽġ
׵ˣ͸ͻˣҪԹ˭ʵĹˡ
Ȼǳӣ͸úúõϣûеϣôн顣
ʣôһ¡
»û֪ǶˣʵŮȥֵ顣
Ϊ֮ƣةһҪƽû£ֻҪû£һк˵
˵ֻةĶҪˣ󣬾Ǹƹ£ֻҪƽѹԸ⡣
ҲЩΪѣƽܣة಻ˣٽжԻ߾ܾٽֻҲȷʵޣҪһʱûиЧҩҪĳЩҩȡУҪʱ䡣
ЩΣŪˮͺˣǾͻ°빦ˡ
û
ةңȥˡ
ƽܷĿôˣǿϧˡ
Ҫûˡ
ӣҲ֪ôˡ
ûҩ˿ڸȾҲˣôȥɡ
尡ôģҲĺӣѲΪʲôκã
˵ӿʼĻʣҪأ
뵽ԭƽܻһģƻЩģǹ˽
һᣬƴ˯
Ҳ֪ô£ͿʼþͲˣƤͿʼ´Ǹо˯ˡ
ͷҪվһΣ˾Ҫˡ
ŵةةҲᡣ
ةฮѾƮҡˣôȥҪųնˡ
ľۼֿ죬ȥŰƣεЩĵĿƣֻôúõ㷸ʲô˯
̧ͷʱǺľ޼ƽϵʱҲϰľ޵ļ̱ˡ
һ˯һᣬңٻظү˵˯ˣëˣ֪ˡ
Ƹоһڳ壬£Ҫܣȴ֧Ųס
óһ룬Ѩϣܰ
תߣ׵һ
ľɫһҴ⡣
ǻŸʲôÿһ㣬ѹľ޸оҲԣֽǷжˡ
ƶ࿴һľޣǺľ޵
Ȼһھǵ߹ƶõģ˵ʲô
й֮޲ġ
ةæŽ˰һ̫ʦûʲôΣǶҲ˶еġ
Ű£ľ޿۰ƻڵ룬ǵ
оҪ˯ˣ㲻õģһû£ֻҪҾͳɣ˻ҽŶԣҺҽãʱҡ
岻ʣƽܣƽܿһᣬſǱߣŹ֪ǵȲˡ
ƤϣƵĻƢһ䣬Ͱ۾ˡ
ľ޵һ£ס˰Ƶ֣˵ﲻҪ̫ˣˣةة˿Ҳˣȥɡ
ƶվſڣһľʩⲻҪһɫ쳣ѿ
ة˵ʲôƶˡ
ոյǽģպ취Ըơ
ȻةฮԼεģҲةฮ޹صġ
ףĸףｻŮɣҲˣȻȥЪţˣӴ
ƶ£ةةҲοҲˣٿӣ£Ž뿪ˡ
ة޳ţƶȥľ޴кصģ࣬ûµġ
ľ޿ƶչ˺ɣǲܡ
ƶ˳ۣľҲû
ǿƶ˰ػģû顣
ƽ磬￴Ҫˣ޶ԣѹҪԸβĴ
ƶʲôľ
Ȼûɫ
ƶͲˣľ޵ߵģľȴվ˰Ǳߡ
ͲˣĪ约˰ƣ޻ľޣһãΨһѡˡ
(δ)

ʮ ټĽ

˵ίˣѣֻ֮Ǿð˲ã˵˼䡣
ҵĴ
ǰˣʲôӿ֪ģв
Ųҵ飬˵ڵǡľ˵ƶԽˡ
ԾһľҲˣֻһֱŰƵֲи
ƶΪģҪš
ƶҲżҪȵȲС
ߵһ£Ǻܰ
Ǿţżľ޿һƽܲ԰׵
Źĵ
ʱѾصʵ棬𾪣Ȼˡ
ʵ￴һȦϸĻ䣬ȷǻص˴Խǰʮǰˡ
֮ǰǼʵҵġ
ƵǵĿ˿ȻǱˡ
˯ǰоһϽʲôطŵġ
Ȼġ
ֻΪʲôأ
ư˼⣬һᰲƳŴǱȥﻹһЩҩҪȥ
룬ҪҵһҩͻȥƽܣŪƸЧҩȥǸöá
ոͣƾ˵ˣ
һ£Ȼתſվŵˡ
һԲʣɫսѥϻǹ
Ľݣ
վһҰսĽݣһ𾪵ԭء
ĽݳŰߣʮǰӣεļǵȴѾãÿһƶôء
ߵǰĽֵƵϣһ°ƵƸоһ˿˿ۣһҲȷλǻ
ѵһҺ
ĽʹһĨŲѰ˻սסˡ
㻹û
ͷ°ͿĽݵļϣⱲҲûᱻĽԴ
ļĽݶǺݾ飬˽
͸جһ
ſʣô£
ϴˣҾͻˣѾһˡĽŰƵ֣Ƶͷţһ£ĽҪѰŵõס
ӳ
Ľͣ£һȻתŰߡ
תЩҩѾ˳ȥ
ȥƴʱŷ֣Ű״ӡ
һ񣬲ҪܡĽݴŰһ·뿪ʵңȥ漯ϡ
һҲⰲƵĳ֣˶æµ
˳Ľݿ۰ƣȫ
ãȻȥѰȫۺãĽݴȥ
Ҫӷ·أĽݲ£Ϊ˶Űƿǹѳ·ߣƾδĽѾ³
һ
˳Ľݾȥץˣڳ﷢ȻǰĽݵˣͷɵ˹ô£Ǹ˴ʱ״̬᲻ةฮˣ
Ľݳȥ˺ܾҲûʱ·ϲ֪˭ǰããһƬ
ƿ³һһ߹һʱû߳ȥ˼䵽ϡ
ǸˣʱԷһѵӣ˹
㵵ĿŶԷŷ֣Ѿǵôȥˡ
βˣǸ򣬴ܳ˸ҵˡ
ԷƱܲȥ򣬶ֵ̧ס
ôʱŵӵһƺˤ˵ϣȥʱĽѾס˰ơ
ԷĽ̳ȥ˴һûöŵӵˣĽš˲ӡ
ƵһοҪŹκˣԲԾĽݵĺݾ
ĽվһᣬŰƣʱתơ
ת˵̫ˣ
Ʋ˵ʲôǺһֱ˱ˡ
ĽߵǱߣ˵ߡ
Ƶֱסתߡ
ͼȴյĺܽ
ƶʱãԲ壬˸ñˡ
һ·ĸĽ뿪·ĽĵûֱӻȥǴȥ˸
Ƿ˿ҲȻִ͹͢ŻкܴĲġ
㲻һֱϲڲˣĽʣƲĶԣ͵͵ԡ
ԣȻǰ㲻
Ʊ꣬ôͲأ
԰ɡ
Ľɫĺܣˣ
ҲЩ֪νֻõͷԡ
ĽݸһҲ֪ΪΣǵûʲôóԵġ
˼ԣ͸ųԡ
ĽŰ뿪־ôš
ҰƸ档
ĽţתƣȻ磬ҲҲң͵ıܷۣͻҪߣҲš
ǷޣǷޡ
ɴ󣺡ӳ˵ʲôأ
˵ҪϱĽݳŰƿʼӡ
ŵãˣ
ǹӢԵɲ뱻ʬΡ
(δ)

ʮ ʧ

ӳڿǼӵˣ㲻ܻףҪĺ˷ޣҼҲһʱҲ
һ£ô˵Щ⡣
ܸĽϣô˵ϣ
˵ʲôֲ֪ˡ
ô˵ˣĽߵƵǰȥ۵ײϴڣ֪򲻹ĽݣȻǲ˵
ĽݸĽݡ
ӳҡƲ˵Ľס°ͣæűͣҿڡ
Ľݵ˫䡣
ֵ飬ʹӦҵˣҵһ̫ãһһֱܺڣûôˣԺ󲻻ڣ֮ǰҹҹ룬ٻүҵľˣҾᡣ
ӳЩΪˣѾӣ㻹ôңǿûʲôֱôĺôƾŭĽݣĽݾͲô
Ϊ˵õ㣬ûʲôòãҲţҲǸĹŴã
˸һЩֻϡǲ檣ǵ˼Ҳ⡣
Ǻܷ⽨ҲŮԣҲһһúö㡣
꣬ûĽŮԣĽҲ˵˵ȥǹһѵĽݵͲˡ
˵ЩҲͷ
Ҫȣ϶Ҫ
ӳҵĶӳô͹ء
ض˶ģû¡
˵Ľݣֻñ졣
Ľƺˡ
Ľݼͼˡ
һֱǽϣĽݵְߣ˸׼˧ıˣžŵĺҪ
ĽҧҾܾҾǿ㣡
ޱȱӣĽݵ쬵ġ
ӳҪֻˣ㶯ְɡƱѾûа취ˡ
뵽ıҰҪ˶Բ飬ʬΰɡ
ŹʬΣĪԼˡ
Ľݵɫ˳ΪҪң
ӳⲻǱѣҶҳϣҲҳϣѾǷޡ

Ľݵһ뿪˰ƶߵǽڡ
תĽȥ棬һؿڰƸоˡ
Ǹʲô£
ԽʹԽشģ
ѹҲҪҪɱƾԼˡ
Թ˽⣬¸ֲ棬ַӾͰĽݽˡ
Ҳ˵ĽҲǳصġ
֮䣬¹˭ֻһ
Ľ˰ȥŴ˿ڷ۲һ£ܻô
ƾüȥǰ취ӦҸطĽҵʱ顣
ĽݻûƻоһЩܸƽϵҩҾܵĶŵҩ档
Ǻ޲ðжߡ
ʰðƴо뿪˸ط
סĵطһӣҹʲôڱܣȥ׷һŮˣ£Щ˿ȥҪַŮףûסȥæ
򲻹ĽݣԸһƦ컹ԡ
챻ߣƿŻŮˣȥֵſͻȥˡ
˶ϣЩ˾Ȼ׷ɱ˼ģʱ̫ûˣôһҲġ
ԷеһҪƵûü㿪ΪҪˡ
һ˺ճһ߿˶Է
ͿĽ׷ԷԷûվȵ˹ȥ
Ľߵǰϵİש˶Էһ£Ƶǲú£ϾĽݱ˵ԵˣǶԼˣҲǾôˡ
שͷĽתƣһĨãˣ
Σǳߡ
ǾͲˣɱҡĽߵƵǰһ°Ƶ֣תߡ
һ·ȥĸΡ
ҰɲôȥҲǰ취
취뿪ȥ
ȥ˯ⴲ˯˯棬ֻҪ㲻ܣҲ㣡
Ľ˵ĺܴ󷽣ƲѲȥš
˯Ĳȣν˵Ļţ˾ӡ
Ǹˣûжþˣ˾Ҫ˯˯˰ܸоиҶۣͿĽҶŵòᣬˡ
ţҾ˯šĽƱºͣܶ飬ԽԽ£ԽԽܡ
ĽȥŰƵʱһ˴ſڳﻹһǹ׼Ľݾһǹ˼ֱӵȥԷӵֱӴ塣
һʹ˵ĽݵĻ
(δ)

ʮ 

ơĽݵɫһ䣬סƵ˫硣
ʹҪĽȴû˵
ǲ֪˵ʲôܸоҪˡ
ҩҩ䡭
ƿһߵҩ䣬ʱ׼Ҫߣҩʹߡ
Ľݿһۣ
Ʊҩ䣺ӳԶҵĺöӳ
ҲҪĶӳҪɷҵġĽ۾ɺ죬סƣסƣƵǰʼɢ
֮ǰһֱĽݣֱӰǰʧ
嵽ةฮʱеãľҲû뵽ʱûҲûѡ
ľҹҲûôϢ쿪ʼ
΢һ˯˯ˡ
ƶߵѾʹ˸ɫѾתȥˣһɫ͸СƿӸƶƶ˸ӣһֻɫĶЫӡ
רŻ˴ǮģûҪˣƶʱԷܣȻ뵽˰ƣһֻ
ЫӺܻ죬ƶߵƵߣܿľ޿Ыӵ˰ƵϣЫȥеŹ֣ŵҴܣʲôµ飬о͵ƶϣƶæŪ
Ыһ¾Ͱβƶϣ۵ƶĲҲ䵽ˤˡ
ľޱһбѹ
ƶҽŴޣѾҲŻˣС㣬С㡣
Ѿ߲סƶվϣ˵ɫˣǰҲһѣΣһ¾ڵûӦˡ
Ѿ߱ŵôޣľǿЫӻŻŵȥſڶ
ǡɽţǰǽɫ˳ȥҰƣơ
ƴʱûѹľ˵Ҹո˯ˣӦҪˣЫӰƶˡ
պˡ
忴˵ûûСľޣϰΪˣҲƽϡ
ȥƣ˱ߵһ£ŰƷڻ
Ҫи̣ةฮֱսŰơ
ĿԽһ뵽ոյֻЫӣһ
ةة˴漱æţƻԣæȥк

ƶĺ£֪ةฮϣԸƽϡ
û뵽£ȻöӺ
ةŵûֱ£ةฮѾͷȥǶ㲻ˡ
벻ƶ£ة亹ֱ
ةҲ˲æ˵ϢŭŮѾǳˣةฮһһ
ԡ
ܸҽŹƽܵҺƿȥ˿˵үðˡ
ΰɡԸˣܸҽ롣
ƽܵˣ΢΢ס
ܸҽҡҡͷβõˣǱˡ
ܸҽǲ˵ʲôתȥƣүְɡ
ͷҲûбİ취ˡ
ܸҽƼһ£֣ү԰ѣ˯ˡ
üô
Żˣơ
üͷ壬оһѹܡ
ҩ䡭
ү
ƻ۾ǰǹӢ
סƵͷ
Щ죬̲סס˹塣
үһȥˡ»ز˶ܵġ
屧ƣ´βȥˡ
оˣƲԵ޹ʵ˯š
ҳ
û´ӹĻ˵ȥٽүԵȡ
תľ޴ҩ䣬֮ǰģһŶԡ
ЩˣȥʵΪҪȥ
仰˵ֻҪµʱŬ룬ܻȥ
ڻûҵɡ
ΪζǱˣ߾Ϳˡ
ƽⲻô£ԼԼܸоõ壬ĻҪһЩϾԳн꣬ǱһƮҲҿ϶ôһ¡
ȼƽܵŰƷԸܸҽܸҽȥ濴ﻹûҩˣҩõ
ǡ
ܸҽתˣתŷ֣ةة˲ǺܶԣһԵѾ߿޵ˮϻɫڵƶ
һƶӣжˡ
ȥƶһɨƶɨ衣
ȷжһҩƶ
ƶ촽ԲôڵɫưƶһСƶϸһСӣɫѪƶƶЩӦ
۾ƶЦһ
ûзƶһƾʹ
(δ)

ʮ û

ľ޺͹һ֣ƶҽһϲһǩӺһ
ƶ۵Ķ£Ѿɵˡ
û뵽ԼֻֻΪҪơ
ҲסˣķҲ̫ˣԱõĹҲ̫ǿˡ
ߵߣȻҪˣҲô鷳ˣʡĳЩ˶𱨡
ةŵһ£ƶ壺±һһ
ˣҪպ鷳Ѿ֪ˡ˿棬Űƾߡ
ƱһߣܸҽѾˡ
ƹ˲ҩ򿪣Ȼо׼Щ
򿪣ȸƽӦ۲ʱ׼ҩ
ʲôΪʲôƤһܸҽھ͵ǰƵͽܣ̸ܶҽǳպڣҲԶһˡ
ֻҪѧϰЩβˡ
ʣҲǿЩҲʱشܸҽҪѧģҲĵĴڡ
һֶǲųһõһҩעЩ˻ӦؿĻܻƤʹԡܶķӦ
ֻҪ۲죬ǲǷʹ
ûУûʲôˣעҩ
ϸĽ⣬Ա˵ЩѣܸҽѾȫⰲ˵ˣæŵͷˣлڡ
ܸҽؿպҽѧԺܸҽҪȥԺеģʱܸҽҲ
ǡ
ƵһᣬȷûйӦƸƽעҩ
㹻ðˣϸĸӡ
¸ƽܰ˿ڡ
ιЩˣƸƽܿ½ɫ쳣ѿ
ľȥҲС
Ʊͬ⣬뵽ľޱϾʲô˵ˣܸҽɡ
ƿվһĹ壬С۵ĺܣ
뿪˵үҲˣȥϢһ£Ժٹｻܸҽľްɡ
š
ŰƵ֣תȥ档
ŹѾżҪȥˣѰƱϳȥ
ŶβСѻһվţ¹壬굽βȥˡ
β̧ͷƣš
Ʊ£˫ֽסͷѹסƵļʣҩô£Ļȥˣ
֪ǵˣƾڹĻһЩ֣ġ
ҩŪģҩ㹻ƽð£»ǲãǾˡ
ڻȥˣǻȥˣүصģһжúõģѾ֪İ취ˡͷ§ĸˡ
Ʋҵ˻İ취ҲҵȥķӰɣˣѰŵһͷ壬ϵѾǲԶˡ
֪ǵģƱ㲻˵ʲôֻȰ⡣
ֻǻȥЩҩȻƽһѰ
кѰûɫѿƱ˵ֻǵĶһЩ
ȴģƽܵˣ϶ˣαô鷳
үӲôˣĸѾˣ˿ҲȾˣҪҼʱϵѾˣˣҪǴЧҩպҲǱɣʮ˵ûµĻ
ʺȻдƽܡ
ƽܵжҵġ
ɫĪϲ
ǡƶЦˣүϲ˭ϲ˭㻹
嵹û϶ϲģƽǶԸввǸŵĽݡ
ү˵ƽܵزأƾù֪̫ˡ
֣ûôݣƼˣȷʵѾ˸ˣ
үң
Ǿˣзִ磬һûеģֻǽƤ⣬Ѫѡ
ү˼ǣˣҲࡣ
ӹĻϸȥƬ̣˽ֽţǱˡ
үô죿ƾȻ˿ûйŹ֡
ҡͷ֪ú롣
˵Ǻú룬ŰƵ°ȴʣƣ㣬ǼǸĽˣ
쬣ƺķ಴ŹӢ񿴼һֻǧһˣһ㤡
(δ)

ʮ 

βѣүȥǱҲһܿӳҡ
üͷһӣǲˡ
ָҧҧơ
ô
ʲôˣǸӳѵûϴ᲻뿪
İҲ˵ʲôֻø˼䣺Ҳûô࣬ҵʱҪһЩҩܰƽκãͲˡ
ȥǱ߾оʵ棬ҩҩߣͳˡ
˵˼仰͡
˵ɫԽԽԽ˵Խ㣬ûϢϻҪʵʵĽ
Ȼˣ˵һЩ˻Ҷܾˣ˵ҪǻףҾԾ
ҪǻףȻˣƲҪұ
ɿ֣ѰƱס
鸴ӣ֪˵Щʲô
үҲּ˼Ǩ飬ֻǶӳͬʦǸˡ
ߣ
岻ԣһ߲ơ
⿪һҲûٶ
ʱʣôģ
ۣүһˡ
ƽսܹãչδţֻĿ
ֱģֻ˵˵Ȣңû˵ģûӦ
ˣȢģ㾡¶¶
˵ȷʵҲô˵ģûӦ
һ׹ˣ΢УʣѲɣҪͬ
ʲôͬһʱ仹û׹ˡ
ͱƽɫһһڵء֮ɫԽԽŨƺȻ׹һֱľսӾЩǡ
ǹ忴ĽݣǿüĽõĶִҲ᲻ϧһдۣııþɱĽݡ
һ룬ƶ}ûš
ӭϣһ£үֻϲ㡣
˫ֲסƵ´ƻȥǵðѱҲȥȻͰúú˵˵˭˭С⡣
ү͹ˣ㲻Ҳ¡Ͽû˵ʲô
Ц϶˵ҪȢƣǱӣ໥ĻƸҲϣ
ƻ治Ҳϡ
ô˵ġӲͷƤϣңû˵ſڣƿ￿ţŭ塣
յſڣ뿪һѽ˴˻ȥƿڹĻﻹ˵ʲôֻÿŲ
⾲һֱûȵ³Ϊֳʲô⣬ʣү
û¡
ѰƵ˹ȥƱٴеĿһ۹壬۵ĺܡ
̳ӣ
ָƣȥסȥ
ŹȥѾ滺һЩ仹Щģȴûаô˼ֻȴɲƵģȥ档
ŰСѻ¸Ŷβһܵ÷ɿ졣
ƸŹصԺȥŰƱ㿪ʼ·
վǰüţֻ尲һˡ
ȻôȥҲǰ취
ƱȥǳǱߡ
ȣǳ촰Ŵ磬ǳˮУ߽ȥ˸ط¡
ٳٲվڳӱϿһᣬ˵үűˣǡ
ַ»û˵ѾǳߵƵߣһ۰ֵؿڣһ°ƣǰְס塣
Ŀӣûа
Ʊŵʯ̨ϣ⿪ϵ˹ơꡣ
ƴǳس廹濿ţתŹ壬Ųһ˯ŵʨӣڴʯͷ档
ƹŹ£վ˶ãۣתȻȥˡ
Ѿȥˡ
оƿȥ彫Ѿ˵ķ˿ŲָĥɰƵ
ۿŰƵ°ͣҲȥպ󲻹˭ˣ˭ˣȥģǼҲϢ
꣬زȥ˵顣
۾˯š
һ˯ѣѾҹˣһЩȥةฮ档
ܸҽȥݼ˵µ
֮ȥ£˳ƽܵϣƽܴʱڻ֮Уҿݷ죬Ƿˡ
Ҳȥƽܣɨ谲ɫѿ
Ҫ£ҽҩأƿܸҽܸҽæŰҩ佻ơ
ƴҩ䣬ȡҩƽȴһ롣
ϻҩ׼
밲¸ƽܼһ£ƽйȥү
߹ȥ˵ӱ˵ͿˣҪǴ򣬹͵ðƽʬΡ
߽ư˿ڸ忴ү
Ƹİ״ã˿ڣüͷ΢ڶҪһ
̧ͷȥȻˡ
(δ)

ʮһ ˭͵

뿪תة򸾣ٽͻʱ˭ţ
ةһ£ǹĹ籾ġ
ɫ£ȥ붽Ҫٽµ־ҪˣȥҺҪæ㹬ڵĵ쵱ֵ̫ࡣ
Ҫˡ
ǡ
ƣתȥ졣
ةʱ뵽Ծˣµô£
ٽгͻһǱ㱻˻Ǳһԭ򣬸ո飬һ滹һ
һҪһ
˵ةһ£޻˱ԭɰ
ûֵˣҪűһʱ嶯޻ةฮԹޱҪġ
һˡةʵţӳǹˣ˵Ҳʡ
˺ͱ˼޻һ¡
Ȼ˿
ة˲˲ᣬίҲֳܱȥҰƣСŮ£Թ£ҪǺޡ
û£ȥ鲻ᣬҲƽϡƿվһ߷ľޣַˡ
ة˵СŮϵĶûȫѾˣպҪˣˣȾɡ
߰ɣȥ
ȥƶѾˣ˿ŶǺɫģҪ֮ǰƶһҩ裬Ѿˡ
ⶾƶȥƸƶִһ¡
ƶס͵ĺ͹ܵצӲࡣ
Ƹƶò뿪ةںʰƣСŮֿܺá
ܵģҲȷ᲻°̺ۣڿֻ취ˡ
뱣סѾܸмˡ
˲ؿȻȥٽȺúչС㡣ת뿪ľ޾͸˳
ľ޲⣺ƶǹҪģαҪ˲Ǹã
ϾһΪһҾӦβΪΣǶѣѵ¶
أľ޵ɫ˱仯̫ˣŻô
˵׼ҵûкˣţǸТʲôˡ
ľ޷߷߲ƽЩö˵ƽϰص飬֪ǸˣҲ˵
߰ɡ
ƻصƽܵԺӣԺѾվһЩˣжǰʶˣƶǰݼְμ
˲ؿɡ
ɨһۣ־һٶˣԺﶼվˡ
ƳŶͷ롣
룬ְڴ˵Ⱥɡ
Ҳö˵ľ˽ȥ
˵Ȼˣűɡ
ֻøŹȥģƽʱܳ£ܸҽһ˻ǲס
ľޣȥŵ㡣ƽˣľޱȥ档
ͷһ뿪ľޣͷڰƵĶ˵ƵıǲСľ޶ܸ׳Ƴ
ƾ᣺үϣҺľ޴Ĳɿ
û˵
ȥ棬ǰݼְμ
ɣҪٽ飬ٽʲô˰ٽͻģ
ȥ˭ֵ
µȡ˴Ӷ߳ϥذݼ塣
Ƴż˿ȥ˶ܹصĹţŽ
üˣ־ƽʱ彣ǹô
ش𣺡кܶʺڲͬĵطãǶõǹ彣ҲΪ߷㡣
ƿˣʣǶЩô
ǣ־彣Ǳ⹩ÿ궼ȥһΣַãȵһµ彣Щͻȥ졣һ߽͡
ƿһ۹壬˵ү뿴ǵ彣
šӦʣưȥ
Ȱѽҿ
ϰϵ彣ƣȥһ뽣ʻѡ
Լϵˣһ
ǡ
Ϲŵһһۣͽʣƿһ
վһߣƿһᣬųļˣֱһ˵Ľ壺үѽһССĲ֮ͬڴƤʱкۼģˡ
Խ˱ŵϥأˣ¡
Űƣȷô
ȷģ˲ȷӦò֮ĽΪ֪Ľݺġ
˵꿴壬ֵˡ
̿ڳˣ˭֪Ľȱǣ
˶ڳĬȻȺ˳ˣ֪
Ǹˣкվڹߡ
(δ)

ʮ  ֶ

һᣬƿĿ⿴𴦡
ڳһٶˣƾþͲվˣֻ֪飬ôˣ˵־ôˣ֪̫ࡣ
ֻǴʱҶ²ҳ϶ѡ
һᣬָָһˣʲôˣ
־ĸϹ⡣Ϲһ뺷ˣȻᣬȴܿࡣ
ҲǺܺ˵
ƿһˣЩ֣ЩԣҲû˵ʲôֻһ¹塣
үˣȻȥȹʡ
Ƚȥɣʡ
˵ɿ֣Ʊתȥ档
Ժѯʽ飬ûʳȥϢˡ
ƴʱſڣվ
үʳˣ
ûУӦþǸϹ⣬ڻó֤ݡ忴棬ľһš
ƴʱ˵үߡ
ƿܸҽʲôܸҽǰ˵
ľȻףһ۰ƣҲû˵ʲô
߰ɡ峯ȥŰƵ֡
ﻹӣ˳Ǳߡ
Ժ˶࣬ƹȥߡ
վԺӵ࣬ɫ
־һЩͽڶҪ紦Ҿ顣
ߵ˵ĵطʹ壺үԵ㣿
Źκһ£һᣬǵĿĺֻܵһ
Ѿ뵽ԭˣǰƣ֣ʲô
ƻʺ֡
ƻʺ󣿡Ƶû뵽
ʺҪѻϺˣҪ֪һ˺ѣɱһȴס
ʺڻϵ߶꣬ҪɱϣͶˡ
Ҳ졣
ү˼ǣҪЮʺҪϣٳٲ֣
ʺͻȻǻһ𣬻ʺ빬ȴǻյģ϶ԻʺȴǷȢġ
Сʱ򣬻ϴűȥһΣǴűȥةฮģةฮķһŮӡ
ǻʺ󣬻ϵ˼ڻʺϵġ
ֻǱǵãԺﻹиӣ£Ҳס
˵Ǹı췴ˣǻԼնĴˡ
ΪΣʱСȻеԭɡ
ڹٻ֮ң˭ܱ
ǵþʺѡ빬˻ʺ󣬻ϴӴ˶ϧѣСʱҲչ˵ġ
ԽԽ𾪣үѵ˵ʺйİ֮ˣİ֮ڻУ
ûлش𣬰ƽڣô˵ʺҪɱϵģڹаң֪Ĵ֡
ˣһֱ֪¶ȴһֱȻûûжŮ
ϡڵȡ
Ƴͣ£Ź忴ţڵȻʺɱΪǰǡ
ȥһŮҪɱģΪҪأ
Ƕˣ
꣺үñ˱ǣûҪ
ôɱãڵȻϻҪ⣬ϵĶֱնˣɱĶȴڿĵطš
ү㲻ôС
۲˵ɫʲô
ûʲô
Ƶû˵ȻҪǿʬʬΡ
꣬ǻǲҪĺЩ
嶢ŰƣסǰӦֻϲһˡ
үҲûϲˣΪʲôҪϾ
ưһ۹壬˹ˣ
ھŪ
ү´ȥʱ򣬴үɺã
š
Ϊ˰Ľݴˣںƻȥһˣ취Żȥ
ƿȥš
޳Ĭһᣬƻָƽ˭ڱȻʺô
ͶˣİѴǣԭҪгһҺͶܳǿԺͻʺúõҰס
ʺһֱǸˣҲϣżˣһֱҪʺ֣ʺ֣ǲǿƣϾʺ󲢲
ΪǸˣӶܲȥʲôƺġ
ԻϺģƽܸպøһᡣ
ƲòĶ
ʵίˡ
үô죿ʺҪ֪ƽܵ飬Ļ仹Ի֣
Ҫ־֣ʹʹϵô꣬Ⱥʱݣ
Ϊֱ
ʲôͣ¿ȥҡͷһʫ
Ҫ֪ԵסƵ֣׼˵
̧ͷһϣ˵ҲУүңҾ˵
ƴᱧ𣺡˯ڱ󲻰ȫ
ƺȻһЦȴ˵ˡ
Ǹжд飬
(δ)

ʮ ߳

·˼䣬˵Ϊ£۾ֺ۲̡
Űƻصƽܵķ䣬ʱ׼˴齣ѰƷŵ棬ҲѾˡ
Ը˲Ҫ֣忴ľ޺ܸҽҲϢﱾտ
ľ޺ܸҽסƽܵԺ᷿ƽҲ˹¡
Ϣһ£ƴ˯ȥƽܣƽѾˡ
һƽܴʱƽˡ
۾ƽܷ·ǧ࣬Űʧһ㣬ַ̧·ǧأַ̧ˡ
˵û£ֻҪúơ
ƽǿЦһ£ĸӰѪ ɫ׵ˡ
Ƹòߵһȥ
忴һۣȥſڣҲ˹ȥ
үǸϹ⣬Ǹֵˣү࿴ҼۡƱģϸ׹ôˡ
ɫ˳ǻˡ
Ҫȥ棬һסү
ͷ˵뿪˵ģûƱҲһ¶
үĻץ׼ҵİѱˣ߳ץһףҲջ񡣡
һ˲ᶢš
š
̧ͷСѻСѻߣ£СϾͻ֪үصġ
׼ȳȥˡ
忴Ű뿪תˡ
ƳŽһȥһˣȡҩ
ǡ
Ҫȥ˵ߣŰƳķȥ
·Ͼڣ˿ѰſȥȻ棬ʲôˡ
סƣ
û¡
ƼߣһЩ˿ٽתЩס
ߡ꣬ӣ̫ˡ
˰Ҳܣˣܲá
߰ƾ뿴浽ʲôˡ
ߵ棬ûˡ
洫ˬʲЦһ˴һ˳ϸĸۡС߳ˣϹ⡣
ƹֵ֪Ϲ⸱
ңԺܺãĪҵݺܺãǵãϹɫеĿƣԻ
һ㶼ֻ֣ǰ֤뷨
Ҳٿʣ㺦ƽܣ
ңҲ˵ڴ˼棬ΪĽɫڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
Ϲ˵ſʼƣְƸ㣬մƵļ򣬾͸оָһʹҽһ֡
Ϲס֣ͷȥ𾪵ûѾȫˡ
㡭ʲôϹŭ
ƵģⶾǾ綾ֻбĽҩܽⶾ
ҽҩ
ϹһжҪҩƵЦ벻棬Ϊģ
Ҫ
΢Уˡ
Ϲ΢΢סЩ°ơ
㡭ǹģϹָŰƣŭ˫ۡ
ƿϹΧļˣҪǲ뱻ֺͶ㿪һ㣬ҵĶҪġ
ƻ䣬ϹΧ˶㿪ˣϹоؿڱƣʼվˣվһĺˡ
ҽҩϹ˫Ѫ˿֣ʹ˵ѡ
ǰҪҩû⣬ʲôø߱Ȼһʱھͻ
㵨Ʊ㲻졣ϹһѪ³
½Ѫ㿪ˡ
վһߣǱͳȫ㡣
ƺó᷿⼸˵ġ
Ϲ⿪ʼѪŰƴӷŭţȻĿ󣺡ңңҡ
ʣʲô˵ʲô
˵˵
ϹȥҰƣң
һҩӸϹ⣬Ϲæץס
ʱѾЩ˴УӦƣƿϲѪϹ⡣
ҩЧܹάһʱһʱûҵĺҩһ
ھϹ⣬Ҫϡ
ϹоˣҲѪˡ
ҩȻ
ϹȻǺ̰Ҫõơ
ƼװӶΪʲôҪƽܣ
Ϊʲô
Ϲ⣬㲻˵ˣ°ɡ
תߣϹ⻹񣬿ҪߣæҪ֪ʲôˣǡ
˵ϹȥС棬תһۡ
뻢Ѩɵûӣȥˡ
(δ)

ʮ 

ҪûסƸȥ档
ԺܿΧһۣĳĺԺĺԺܴ
ϹżˣŰƳǰߡ
һƹȥһţ˶Χסƻͷ˶֡
ϹһЦֻҪңһá
Աõ̫࣬նˡĿȻ⡣
ϹϲŮˡ
ҵҪԣȻ˵һʱҾԡ
Ϲ˵ž뿿תϹոտһֻѻֱϹǰһζһ£оһۿ̧֪ȥסۿϵѪ˱ŵòᡣ
̧ͷСѻһڷ裬˵ӲСˣ
Сѻ°ƣһ˵̷˻ȥϹһһ§§꣬ӣֻȥˡ
ˣˡ
ϹǷһ󺰴УҡͷСѻͳԸģߵͻȥǺĶ
Ϲûˡ
Ϲ⣬˭Ҫ㺦ƽܣ
ʣϹ⿴ƣȻýʵȴҲֿסôصˡ
һвʣ˵֮Ҳƣɡ
˵Ϲȥ棬ƿ۱סİ˹ȥ
һ·òԶһǰһҡ
ƵǲϹʲôϹԼŰơ
һξ룬뿪˺ԺǰԺԼãҪ׵ˡ
Ҳ޷ҵ׵ˣҲܸ˭ǣ֪ˡ
ϹͷŰƣڲһֻ۾Ѫ«һۿ棬Ѫ۾治
ƿֲܿСѻǲж
ҪȻôоϹۿѪǹ˹˵ð
ŰϹץץ֣ӣʲôöԾԾԡ
ܶ궯
һ˵ʹ͸ңʱҶܿ֡
Ϲ˵һ£Цתߡ
̧ͷһСѻСѻӣǻҪ˺Ϲ⣬ҡͷСѻûɵȥߡ
ϹߣƸȥǰ档
ܿߵſڣϹƿ˳ȥԺһƬ֣ϹȥǱߡ
ƸȥԼиվţһ£һߣ˰жϳǸˣҺᡣ
Ʋ²⣬˾׼ҵˡ
Ϲ̵߽ϥ£˫ֱȭ¼ӡ
Էûתֶվƹ۲ˣĴָһöɫİָ
Ϲ˵ӣˣоѾˣܹȫһ󡣡
ͷҪ
ϣ
վ˿˵Ϲ֪ļɻ䣬Ҫɱ㲻ɣ
ϹסӣΪӣ
ˣô
תѪɫĺˣһ棬Ʊһôô˵棿
ԷᰲƣֱӳϹ⿴ȥ
ΧӰϹ˵ѪĽͷ­˲ڵأͷ­˼˰ƽͣˡ
Ƶһͷ­Ƕģתæ˼ȥһߣûס
µĲ࣬˲죬ǿסθڣ˷أת
Ӵһźɫĳªߣ߲ԶվһЩˣһϹʬ塣
ƾһ㶼ûаֻҪˣģټһϵó

˵Ȼ˵һ£˭Ϊʲôϵң
ѩҽŮӣûвϵõĵŶԡ
֣ʶ
˭
Ȱףתȥ˵ɱˣ
ǡ
Χ𣬼ӰŰ˹ȥƺˣս
ͷϵСѻ֪ȥûӰӡ
һɱǿס
ô죬ӰѾǰ׼ӦеʱһӰѾֻ֣оһ§ڻ̧ͷǰʮ֣̽м˺ļ˴
һڼʱϵˡ
Ŀעǰ档
֪ҪץסǸˣվһץˡ
ܿ칬˻ŹҡҡͷһߣЩ˵ǽڽڰˡ
˼ӿʽЩ˺ȻͲˡ
֣Щ˺Ȼڵϡ
ʯͷֱӵڵϣʮ֡
ƿ۹壬ȥһۣЩ˴ʱѪ˫۴Ͷ
ƶ¼飬ÿ˵Ķһɫ롣
ƴȡ룬ϸĿһ£ø忴үڳ¹Ϸ룬һģһ
(δ)

ʮ ץ

ҪãƾܾˣүûףҪˡ
룬ȥһ£ȷЩǺˣӦʲô취ɱЩ˵ġ
һûþ͸ɱˡ
˰ȥҹ壺үˣǻˣֻˡ
û˵ʲô˷Ż𣬾ʹŰˡ
·ϰƲ֪·ϱһȺ谭ʮˣҶ·ϣԹˡ
ƿЩϵʬ壬ʹ壺ΪʲôҪգүǰιѻô
˵ЩвɾĶιá
Ҳʣ뿪ܿصةฮʱƽѾûʲô£˵ǿԵġ
֪ʲô㣿ѯʣƽȻưոݡ
ƽܿ˿ȴҪԹ壬˵ҺִһˣҪһظ뵱ոŵļ־ȻǶˣ֣ҵʱûз
ةة˶ڣһԵסû뵽ӻô˵
ة൱һãƳȥҲͱסˡ
ƿ۹壬ȥү㿴ô죿
Ҫȥϣȥ˸һˣոմ˸Ѿ˹ˣǹ˷롣
ȱ͹ȥƣ˴ܸҽ
Ҳá
ƴӦҩ漴Ź뿪ةฮ˱·ʥȥ˸
ľһ·ţ˽˹˸ֱԺƽŴкȥ˷˴롣
ЩżҲЩˡ
һ¾Ͳˡ
ľ޷ԸסڸסҵĽ
Ϳòףһ²ýⲻһˣﻹء
޶ЩףΪֿ͡
ķϻ࣬ѣˣȥҪãסҵĽǡ
ľ޿ȥѾˣûоܾ
˵ڹ˸š
ȻˣǾ߰ɡҩ׼ȥľְҩ߱ţŰƵߣ˾͸ýһ
ƵͷǿЦã֪˵ʲôźá
Ǵ˿뿪οϵĹ˷ЦҿܺãǸܴȵˣպ޶ҲԿ
˵ĲԣǺܴȣҪʲô棬ҪҪ޶ţҿ㻹İɣɲǺǵġ
ǲãҪôģ˵ˣľպĹޣҪ빬ġ
˶˽ĵģҲˡ
ϣǼңһλڹ㲻Ҳǻʹ
ǵĹϵڣʵǻʹǻʺ󣬶ûġ
ϵϣҲƴľޡ
˿ɲôģʵҲûʲôãڻϻǺúõģҲ̫ࡣ
ǲ̫࣬Ҫϵ˼¶ѵ㻹ϵ˼
Ƕĸǿܹ뵽ģҲ֪˼
һ׵Ȣ޶Ǹǲð죬ҪĻλЩɾı
򣬲顣
Ըִ£㻹ô
ǶŲ޶ԣȻ̫󣬿һ˻ʴǴʲôˣ
Ƕܹǣ
οЩȻûлҲһЩȺ֮Ҳ˵ˣЩһ֮ˡ
ҪֲܣҪ˾ʹ˱۸ɣ
˷˷ͷүͿ
ҲͿ˲źͿˣ֮޶ѾǷҪ޵ģȹұҪȥͽ˵¡
ү㲻ã޶ĸҪĳ˲Ƣǳ¶ô
ҲҪ޸˴⣬˷Ȱ˵סֻա
Ǳ߰ƽ˽һ⣬ľȻǿԺȴǱҪи¡
ľްѰֱӴ˹뷿֮УҲѡ߰ƣ˯һ𼴿ɡ
ƿľ޵Ĵ󡤴ǺܿĪ˵˯ˣҲ˯¡
ĳľЩֱҲڶԡ
⿪£ϴϴ֣֮ȥ˴ϡ
ľ޲죺ݵʱ䣬Ҫϴϴɾ
ҲǣұϴϴŵģϾĴãŪ˱㲻ˣʵˣͲϴˡ
¾ͳ˱ӣϾ˯ˡ
ľ޿˰죬ȥϢ
һ£˾˯һȥҲǵô£ͺľޱһ𣬻ľޱˡ
ʱ򣬻ѾҲ˽ӵ˯ʮ̹
һŭ𣺡ƣ
Ʊˣ졣
ѹͿľĻﱧţľҲˣۿŰƵҲ⣬ֻ뿪ŷֹ뷿վһЩˡ
(δ)

ʮ ֮

ƴãȻкǱСһĿŹŭɶͷŭԵ
죬û˵Ѿľ˵Ҳǣ𲻱
˵Ű´ֱϡ
ƸҴһŭѡ
ʱҲŵòᣬŭŽţһžͿŮ˱һ
ԭһתܳȥϾͿܿʱĻȷʵ㡤ޣ뵽Ļſľޣľ޵ͷأĻ붼Ǽ¡
㵵°ûôȥţ˵תˡ
Ʊ§ڹĻ˫Ƶģĺˡ
˫ְؿڣүˣС˯˹ȥ˯һԣǶ̫ˣ˯һ
ԽĲ֪ˣⴲǺ˯ģҧһ뵽Ļ棬ϴڡ
ƫƫľ޴ʱ׹ôһ£Ӵ·һߴһ߻Ͻ͡
翴ǲˣȾҲˣ֮Ҳһͬߵġ
ľ޴˻һڳ֮޲㵣ѾǷ׷׵ͷȻ˵Ҫ޲ȥġ
ʣү
Ҫ˵ʲôʱͬߣԽĸ꣬ŻŮսֱۡ
Ƶǲ⣬ľޣľ޵Ľ͡
ľҲɣʮ꣬ȥУ̫˯ˣձǻҡ
ʮꣿ
ƵתһȦľ£ʮ꣬һꡣ
꣬ʮꡣ
ľʮʱ򣬹ʮꡣ
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ҲǶһЩģڹʮʮǿԳɻˡ
Ʒһᣬ壺үǵ桭
ʱѾˣʲôǵãҲʲôҪʲôǱܾܾģ
ǲǵ£ǵãûС
ƺȻ֣˽Ʊıĺܣ
ԵĲԼȴôſ
һ仰Ͱѹȥˣ
ƶؿͨͨսֱۣǿƵ𣬲ľޣ߰ɡ
ŰƵ֣ûĿһľޣתˡ
ľһ죺ʲô˼
Ѿ߼æߵľߣľЩҵ·ҪǴȥǲ
ľƿѾߣԼ
˵Ѿ˳ȥҪȥةฮ
Ʊȥһѽ˴Ʊһ̧ȥֹԽ䣬˵ʲô͵Ļ˵Ĭ£תһȦ
ţǷ޶ľ˯ˣ
ˡ
ҧƿҪƵģ͵ϲŮˣҲľޣʵûʲô˯뷨οҲϲŮˡ
ԺתպҪټķ
š
꣬һ߿š
Ҳ˵ЩʲôǸ̳ӡ
Ů˵ĴҲԡ
һţ侲У顣
ᾪδ˯һᡣ
ȥŶ˶ӿȥ
չ䣬§ڻ򿪰Ƶ·ϸƵƤ⣬ɫ磬𵤷ۿ۰
ϢѾû˯á
һ£Ȼֻѵˮһǣȴ֪û˯ˡ
ӣʣǻȥҪȥةฮ
ظ
˱ڻƿǺܿ͵ˡ
š
ҲϣŻظ
޵ǰ࣬Ƶ·£ã˱ȥ
صԺƿȥǳأⲻ˼ĳһЩ˳ѻýȥ̹ĴǳذѰƴ
ƴʱˣ廻·
үҪţ
˯ɣҪ·һᣬ˱ơѾ̸ǡ
ǵȥǺܻþȴһӦȫˣǵ˵ʵˡ
¾ڹţԼʱ࣬ϸϲ˿ıӣǶβ¡
βҿ֣Сѻվڶβĸǰȥǹ塣
һƺף岻ڣǾͿڰˣڣǾͲ֣ܿԽԶԽá
˯Ҳ۾Ĵָָ
һְֻŰƣκη紵ݶ֪
ųʻֱ֡
Ʊѣ˯һɣȶˣ￴ƵĿһᰲƣȥ
(δ)

ʮ ֮

ǻʼҵԺʼ˶ԭļ޵һЩ޲Ǵĺ
ҲдĿʺﰲꡣ
ҲһЩǱ䵽ġ
˵ˣǸŮ˿԰ĵط
ϰѻʺ䵽Ҫ徻һ£Ҫ
Ƴǲ֪ͿԼˡ
ƸŽţֵסѾ˳ӭˣ˸΢΢ͷסֺá

סǸã߰ʮˣĿղ˵ٹʮҲ¡
˵һжá
ɣʺһֱںԺϢסֲ빬Ͱƽȥ㳯źԺȥ
漴ȥԺԺǰ˽ţſţ̫൹ûйŮ߶
̵ϥأμ
ɡ
ȥʺƳʱڿ𾭡
嵽⣬˵μʺ󡣡
ƿȥˣݡ
ɡ
ƳܾòŴȥƳס档
Űƿһۣ徻ӭһ֣ƳţΧǰһľӣڷ¯һЩֽžģһʣﳭдġ
ͰƽƳҲû̧ͷմţ˿£Ǵеá
˵ӻʺȥġ
Ƴͣһ£̧ͷȥ
˳Ƹ˸ӣμʺ󡣡
񡣡Ƴ漴˵˼룺ǲǳʲôˣ
ٽѾްֻǻ˼ʺһֱδʳĻ£ĸ飬ϣûʺع̷ϡ
Ƴѱʷ£һֱûʳ
ˮײ
ƳЩסˣ˵Ժ󣬱׼һ¡
ǡ
ת뿪Ҳ˳ȥ
ԺﰲƲСʹ壺ϵ治ʳ
ĪС˻϶Իʺ˼Ѫ鶼֮ʲôģ
ƻͷһƳסӣǹϵġ
ǲˣʺͻమǵǻһ֣
ƳܿѾ룬Ůæǰæ
΢΢ͷתȥ档
ƱţȴƳס
תȥ˸ӣ檲μʺ󡣡
ض񣬱ֻ˵˵űɡ
ǡ
ȥƳߣ뿪Ժ
Ƴʣϵǲʳˣ
δֻǸոү˵˴£ү˵ѡ˵
ƳһĿԶҲû˵ʲôȥǰ档
뿪֣ƺ͹ںƺƵĶ棬Ƴع
ƿӻЩ⣺үһһȥģʵûʲô
ةฮҪһᣬҪʺᣬףѾ¶ҪģҪģˡ
תô˵ӿʼүľҪ׵¶
лϵ˼б˼ƿǶˣ
һ£үǱȻʺ֣鵽һ˳
һʲôöûУסʺǱϣ˳ɽ𻢣ûʺһЩ
Ǵš
ϹⲻһкܶϹ⣬Ҫᡣ
λӮˣ뵽Ƴû֣ϵӮˡ
崹ò˵ӻϰһ𣬻Ѿˣɽ
ү㲻˻Ϊ˸Ů˰¶ˣΪȷʵЩˣϾΪϣ¡
˵˾Ժʹԡ
ػΪĿ뼺εġ
ʵûϵôʲôס
ΪŮˣ˭ϣиԸ㾡ȥػأ
ԭȾƳ˲֪ж뵽İ֮ϵ۵γǳأ
ĲˣסϵһУԭȲ׵ģˡ
ƺЦȥʣүΣ
崹Űƣɱưɡ
סܿȻˡ
Ϊ˴ɱôˣҲΪ°ɱˡ
ʧ仹еģ˵һʵ
֮࣬Ȼġ
ŰƵ°ͣƲˣ
ҲǵˣΪǵĹңԸ⸶Ȼһ롣
˵ʲôֻ˰ɡ
ӽ£ջظոյĻ

Ʊһġ
ûи
õ㲻ǻһԾŶҲ˵ھͷڣǺã
һᣬڣκ˶˺ơ
ƿ㲻˵ˡ
(δ)

ʮ ܴ״

عƱֹڹˡ
ϵԼѡһ·޷ңֻܾౡ֮
ϵǻͻʺԼġ
ѪǷڣȴ
˼ȥǲĺá
ƸϢһա
ڶһ簲ȥةฮƽȥ˸˷ˡ
˵Ҫȥ˸ʱ䣬ԭȥ˸ȥةฮҪ糯ʱˣΪľŰһͬǰ˸
˷˴룬ƻҪҺ
ľ޴˹ǣԭƽһľޣʱ˳
硣
ľ޾͸ƵģһƵĿɴ£һɫ
Ӻ
ȥĶ࿴һۡ
ֻ˲룬ˮһӣƱһ
վ߰ɡ
˵ߣֻľޣ룬εУˣһҪõġ
ҽѷòײŵõĶҪá
ľ޻ͷһ۹壬ץһ°Ƶ֣ƿ汻ŵˡ
ľޡŭľһЦͷȥ塣
һŭӡ
𣬲
˵ŰƱˣǰƺȥ壺үô
̳ӣҪŵʲôʱ
ߣ
Ű뿪ȥľڣƵ˸ҽ
ܸҽٻأѯܸҽǲѾѧ飬ܸҽһãȻҲǺǲǸ˵ʵ
СĿ۰ƣܵʵش𣺡үǺ
ˣȥ˷룬ٽ½

ܸҽһãȻ֪˷ʲôôȥ룬һҪʲô⣬һٸԴҲǿǹ˷ˣ̫ĵϱ
ܸҽˣүְң
Ҫȥ顣
Ѿ˾ݷ
ܸҽĶУƿʵڿ˵ܸҽ㲻صǣʵͺٽһģֻҪƽʱļɣǴպҪҽѧԺԺУҪ붼ᣬǽЦ
ܸҽ˼ãͷְ
˹˷˵£˵ٽˣȥҲǰ취ҲȷʵܸͣҽȥǱߣȥٽǱߡ
˸Ҫ˵ȥǲȥܸҽһǶܸҽĿ϶һҪסǵĿڣ˭Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
ܸҽõûʲô⣬æӦˡ
ƽȥ˸˸к¾ˡ
ľ޵ˣҪҰ˵˷β飬ſڲ
˵ʱľѾʱˣӣһǣҲûж˵
ٽȥˣ˾ˣƴӺԺܼң˲֪һֱڲ飬Ȼæ
ϸ룬Ӧþɨڼ顣
ҹ廹ûƴȥϢոתſ˿޺ԩϵһˡ
ʹܼô£ܼ˵ſںԩǸŮˡ
ݡûȥ˹ܼȥ
ܼҺܿһЩΪѡ
ôˣܼҲ˵
˵ųɽᷢӣҪųɡ
ţԭɣְǲǾųˣ
ӦǣǸոβõģΪ˻㲻ģҲܺá
˵ӣǸĸϻ˵ĺܡ
ףүҵˣǾ˵ų٣үȢС檵ġ
Գ͢Ҳ˵Ϊ£Ͱųɸְˡ
ǵĹϵ
ܼҵװ׵ġ
һܼңƲ˵ȽҲǰ취ƫȥԺȥ
ƿ۰ȥ·ȥƫ
ųɵǸЩ뺷Ůˣ߱ȰƸ߳ȥͷٺһ㣬ž͸Ƶġ
һɫѣž͸׳뺷ˡ
ƽſųӣ͸һɽࡣ
ϲμ
ܴ̹¿ͷ
ɡ
ƿȥ£ţ˷裬ӵһվš
ܴվһæȥҰƣ˵ӡ
Ҫ
˵Ϳޣ޵İһãȻʲôû˵ʲô
ȱޣʲôú˵ҪΪ˺£
ΪǸĵɷ㿷ˣΪΪ
ܴ͸Ϸһ޺ž͸ƹˣƻǵһ£ǲǱ߹ڿġ
ܴ޵£ֲ
(δ)

ʮ ߵ̫

ޣҪ״˵ôޣ޵ķΣʲô£ϵ޿ġ
ܴһŲˣ˲ᣬӣ˵¡
ųǸ¶︸ĸ磬ʣ¸̫̫
ܴǸԣģСûӣܴϲųɣһ𳤴ġ
ųʱ򣬶ܴźһֱֶ̫̫
̫̫мܴǰҪųȢܴܴȻԸģֻųɲǺԸ⡣
żûܴˣ̫̫ҲųĴмͰܴȢˡ
Ȣܴܴ֪֮ųбҪΪҳͲųɸɻųͱīֽ⡣
רųڼҶ飬άּƣҪźųɡ
Ȼʮ꺮ųѧɣϿȻС
Ȼְ׬ٺ»Ҳܴ࣬ȴǺܸˣһʱʮ˴嶼֪ˣܴߣߴɷųˡ
ԭܴʱЦ˵ųûϢ˵ɵͲţûٸ˼ҳܡ
ųɵ˹٣ҲŽ˾ǣҲǳˡ
ոսǵʱӹúܲãܴÿҪ˿ͷ඼ȥǲ 
ųĺãҲʼˣǰãųɱѡȥɡ
ܴ˵ĲУû뵽ո˼죬⾢ͷûˡ
ɷȻҪˣŮӲʮܴ꣬ʮˣ޸ųɶ꣬һֱ࣬ҪˣɷҪˡ
ģͺɷ󳳣ɷ˵
νТ޺Ϊ
ܴʲôãΨûӣ£ˡ
ɷҪ檣ҹٸ״ٸ˵ԺѲרŹԺ֮£ˡ
ܴ˵갲ƳƬ̣ſȥϵĻǷʵڹҪʮϵ֤Ȼ£ȥϼҲ£ʮ˴˶Ҫˡ
ھסĵطҲҪ飬֮ǰҪ
ǡ
ת뿪ƿܴ£Ҹ㿴ǲ⡣
ܴ˰죬Ϊжˣæŵͷллл
ߵһܴ£ưסܴɨ裬һ£ûʲôܺãҲǲƣѲɷ⣿
ܴίҲˣʵųҳɻԸ⣬ֻҶչ֮ΪȢҡ
Ȣ֮ԸԲȻǿԲ㲻ҡ
ǳɻʮֻ꣬żŻҺϴ
ƿֻܴܿϲһϲˣһǺܵù
뵽ʱ뵽ԭĸΣһôҲòʲô
˶Ůˣǿȡᣬһ¾ܵõõģŮ˶˶֣ٵҰԿǱȻ
վȻȥ״鲻Ҫţôݾߣٹ˵Ķģ
лллл
뿪ܴҲ˳ȥ
ҹƻû˯
·ϡƱסүˣ
١һƽĮŰƼϢ
Ҳûʣ˶࣬˲ࡣ
ϢһϰȥţѾˣǴı¼
һ߳Էһ߿жʮţҲǶʮˣ˶֤ܴ˵Ļġ
˰˵ܴĸĸҲѾˣ˵Ǳܴġ
ܴĸŮʮʱĸѾʮˣĸϲųɣ˵ų̰ͼǵǮƣɻܴҲá
ܴһ϶˾Ҫųɡ
ܴܳԿ࣬ĸ֮½ˡ
ųҲ㲻˵ɺĸʱТġ
ƺЦ˼ҵģ˼ҵģס˼ңҪ˼ҹŶд֣ٲТ˵Ĺȥô
ѵܴûиųТ
ƶԷˣߵû˵ʲôһЩ˸ƣĲСҲҪԡ
˵Ҫ޸ųɵˣҲһԶݣȴĸԸĸųС檡
ųɲͨˣ°ءȥܴһȥ
õľǳΪ
˵ܴûȥŵģһʱΪʲôȥ˵Ϊɷ檵飬ųѾˣʱȥ
üǾűԵ㷹⼸ʳãûء
۹壬תȥ졣
˳Ҳ£Ͳˡ
˵꣬ߵı˭죬һգ۲ˡ
(δ)

ʮ 

ƿŹ뿪ķƣһԷôģ
ܴܿ챻˽ƾҪ£˵ˣҳԷɣһ˳û˼үպ³ˡ
ܴ˿ϣˡ
ллһ߳Ծͳɣˣ䲻ҵЩš
̾Ϣû䲻ϵ£ֻ䲻ϵˣЩΪ˳Եģû˳ԣǾ͵ûˣûþҪӣ˾Ͳʲôöˡ
ܴ˿ϵķˣǲȥԣ꣺԰ɣ㲻ҷûʳ
ܴǸжȻ˵һˣң治֪ô㣬˶˵Ǵϴ֣ЦǾȡ
ֻ
ܴ˵Ų˲ᣬʮֿ͸۸ĺһ
°ɣ˵ˣ˷Һðȥɷ򡣡ƶԷܴһᣬæˡ
ô³ĳԶƹ۲죬ܴɵˣֻϰһģʽ
ԹܴҲæŸ
ƴŰܴȥ
ʱſŵƽʣ׼Ȣ檡
ܴŸǰĺϲֺȻ°ƿæŰ˲
ȥʱܴͲˡ
˵һͽȥǸС˺ˡ
꣬ͲĸϻҪԼķצˡ
ֲҰȻ龭Ѿ֪ݲ
ܴ˵æŵͷ
ȥɡ
ƷԸ˰ֱȥ棬ܴ˽ȥ
һĹܼҾ˳ʰʲôˣһܴں棬̱ӲǱĶŰ˵ǳȥɣҼɲڡ
ȥɫҿȥҪȢޣôɻ᲻ڣ
Ҽǲǵ飬־ͲӦˣҵĻȥɡ
ܼŰҪȥһЩص˶ʢװϯ
ĳЩһ¾˳Щ˾Ϳʼĵ뿪ˡ
û뿴֣ųΪҪȢС檵ֵ˾֪Ȼ˵ʲôɵģѾֵȥˣֻȢ檵ĺѰȻҲû¡
˵ˡ
ʲôˣǸ
Ȣݵ㿷
ųΪȢС檰㿷ˣҲǺ۸ˣƽ˵첻µز££Ȼ˭Ҳǻ
ƺϼֱһ֮ѣҲòˡ
Ҷ뿪Ժﵹ徻˲٣ܼҲֲԾˣոջͥУһգ۾ˡ
һڹܼҵϣѹܼҸ˸ͷ
ܼҶ߶µٿű˪ܼЩ¡
ʲôôĵӣɵĸ£ѵ˺ðˡ
ܼţųѾ滻ɵ·ˣһ죬ͷϲᣬñףһǸӢˡ
ܴһɷӣʱƿڴųɣҳɻʱ㴩˵ʲôϴ˵ⱲӲᴩ˵̫̫ʱ·ûϣҲ̡
ҵҪ㣬ڴʲô
ܴȥһץסųɵڣʡ
üͷߣŻ᲻ҿ£룬ųȶ֣һѽܴƿܴأһƨϣˤҪ֪ôˣûˣ۵죬ŪøǶЦ
ƳųǱߴųȻϣѾ㣬㻹ҸΣٸҺݹֱɽ͵Ŷ
ܴʱ۵ˣֱð˵
Ʋòȥʣôˣ
ҡûʲô
ܴ˵ˣֵĿһۣȥס֪ܴǵ̴ˡ
Ϊݵ飬ϻˣ̴ͷˡ
ԭǿܵģǸոһƣͰˡ
ۣоƨѪԲˡ
֪ܴܣ۰ŷ
תܴܴվһеΪ飬⿴һûѪŷˡ
ƿųɣųɣ
ǣųɺɣȻ뵽ʲô
㻹ϵңѵãƿһԺԶиµŮӣŽ磬ʮֿˡ
쾫Ĵȷʵޡ
ŮҪת뿪ƽа
תȥŮӣųæߵƵǰ°ݼ
ְμųŵѾ
ƿһԺǰӣǱȥ£ĿȥųǱ߿ţû˵ǰİǸŮӿȥ
ܴŮһȥץסŮӵҿŮһֱС
ųɽȭͷǲ
ɣϲųɳŰƿͷƵȻ޲ͿܴǸŮӡ
ŮĵڵϣܴӥŮӵ·
Ϲܼļ٣żֱš
(δ)

ʮһ 

ܴˣڵĴ
ƿܴһۣľȷʵʺųһ׻˵ǿŤĹϲ𣬾ڰԺųҲǻ
ųͷðСһ߶߶µĹţĿųɵߡ
ƿһųɵĸۡʣ㣬ܴ㿷֮ޣ
ųɲ֮ǰǣְѾˡ
ʲôشʲôĲضԣ鷱࣬ûϻ
ųһ£æŻش𣺡ְ֪
ƼʣϿĸźߵģ
ǡųɲ˵ʲô˵ʲô
ƼһЩ飬һ߰Ͱ龭д
һſڹļǧ֣ѿڹųɣųǩֻѺ
պ˵Ժ񣬽ղ֤ȷʵ㿷ʼ֮ˡ
ְ죬ȥ飬Ҫ
ǡ
뿪ƿܴϣȻѾݣ±㲻ø㸴ˣˣ㲻ˡ
ТУТ˳żĸչɷɲţТȫ֮ˡ
ϣڻηͣǿˡ
ܴƣѵҸô
ƿȥϣ㣬ųǲʲ֮ˣϲȢΪƭչһʳǡ
ѾɣպȻǰƽ
ŰˣȢԶӣպܸõƽơ
治Ʒ⡣
Ǹһ𣬼ͷϴ㰲գɻģܻẦ㡣
ǹֱ֮ˣķҸ֪ϧ˼˵ĺá
Ѿʮ꣬Ҹ˼ܻһаŮģĹεһûкӡ
ܴ𾪲ѣŰһ󷢴ſ
ΣŮ̫ˣ
Ÿźɫٷؿһֻɺ׵ˣ˼ææܽæ¿ͷְٲμ
٣Ůʶô÷ϻ
ٿС檣æŻش𣺡ʶǱְһԶ ǰʱıְϣְɶ£ڸ
ǰЩųڼͣͱְףҪ檡
ְ˴Ůͬ⣬Ӧˡ
ֻǴŮͱְϾֻԶݣҲǺӣοǸ檣ǰ˴˴
ʮ꣬ʡģְλҲס
û뵽Ϊ»ѣ޼ųɺСˡ
ȻҲ˵
ƿһ۰龭˵һ飬ŵæſͷ죬ȳ޵Ǵɰ
ҵ˳谮ʺΪʺ裬ʺɪ֮ãɷˡ
ҵȷ׷Ч£ųƽﱰְҲǸ֮ˣ뾹壬㿷ʲô
˵Ůְʹļףְ㲻Ż
û뵽ˣְ֮𷣡
һߣӣֻһЦף
Ȳʲ֮ͽְһҪϳͣЧȡٺݺݵ
ƵͷȻҲôģϳͲˡ
˵갲ƿϹŵС檣ȻҪ޸ųɣͳȫ㣬ų׸ĸڣĸ󣬶ʱܴչĸųɳףųΪܴ˵Ƿܴģڿʼ͸ܴͷһٸʼɡ
С檲ԸⶢŰƿһ˵㻹Ÿʲôͷ
Сûа취ܴͷ
һٸͷ˶ˡ
˵ΪС檣Ǿʹһٴ塣
˽ţС檵һߴһٴ壬С檿޺žųֱ¡
Ǻ飬˵ųɳ񼫣
ˣж񱨵ģɣһٴɡ
ֱӰųȥһٴ塣
СѾһϢųҲİ˽ˣδÿô˵ɡ
ϣҲжᡣ
ܴһ
æȰϣұޣųɲʲ壬һ֮ΪԼǴ㣬Ȼݣܺùպ󱻺
ֵɣɱҪޣ˴٣λ֪
ƿ٣˵˾˻úÿɣΪ飬£Ǵ㸮ģ֪ˣҲѲ˸ϵ
˵ǣְһúÿϡҼиĸףѾʮˣСĸһֱҪŮϧһֱҲûС
ҿΪ˺ʵʱҲûȥǽãҪסڱְĸϣȵּ⣬㡣
ȻģǾͰճ˵İɣǲԸݣͿԼɡ
(δ)

ʮ 

ƿܴأô㣿
ܴ ųɣвʣȴ˵Ҳûиųȥ
ĺˣûиȥáܴơ
лңȥﲻʺҡܴˣ뿪
˵뿪ҲҪʱ䣬ϵּ⻹ûȸһȥɡ
ǡ
ܴӦˣת뿪ųɸֱۡӻ
찲ưѿڹȥ壬ʱ򣬰ѿڹϵۿϵּųɸְ죬ҴΣ̷ꡣ
СǷˡ
ܴǷТʹ˲ٵ
л϶䡣ܴʥּŰ˲ᡣ
лҡ
׻ģȻӮˣȴʧȥɷ
ʱ˵ǲ
һܴڵҲסˣ˵ô֪ģ
㲻عô֪ģҸǲУ
ǡ
ܴһΪ飬֪ô֪£Ҳ
ƴһɫĴƿӣСôܷġ
ţͿĨÿΣ֮Щܷ˷ŵĵطԺá
ⲡϻҪÿϴɾ׷
ܴӹҩƿһ㵣Ų˲ᣬæŸлơ
Ʒ֣ܴܰޡ
ʵ˺ܺãų壬ûи
ܴߵʱǧлģһ仰û˵
ĶĸпһŮҪ棬̫ˣ
ܴð룬Ƕ֪ư¹˳޵
֮идԣƼʳԣС檾Ź
ȥ˶ˡ
׼ţſԸ̫ˣôˣǻ˵ֳŻˣЩ˵Ǹȥ˵˼䣬Ǿü֣ˡ
ͣԸºͳȣҲһ֪̾ЩҪ˵ϣҪӰ̥ġ
ү⼸æŲڼ飬Ҳæ
ʵ¾͸øҪȻ֣Ϲܼңǰˣǲôµġ
Щ˾ſڵţƽû£һȥǾܳ˵һ˵Ǹ˾ȻȥۣǾͻᶯ֣Ҫŵģʱô죿
Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣ
ƻͷһ۰֪ô
ҡͷ֪ǿ϶ôĿŵͶԸү˾Ͳ˵
˵ʱͺѾ漱æˣ˸˸ӣҲû˵ʲô
ƿһۣԺʲôЩңñ۸ȥ˭ôĵӣſҰ
ǡ
ǰߣ˺š
Űӭһûȿ壬Ѿƶ˰Ƶǰ
û£ƴӰ߳ſЩƴ˿ȥ
Щ˶ˣҪ֪滹˵ôᣬҶˣЩ⡣
ˣȫץ͵ȥһ᱾Ҫǡ
ǡ
ˣܿѶʮץס
Щ˶£ĸɸ©һЩˡ
ת
ȥϴϴ·ȥչţȥԺ֡
ǡ
Һ뿪ȥԺ˵ֵİˡ
ĸҽô˵ģ
Ҳûô˵˵ôˣҲʲôҪ£˻ǺúõġѸҽԭĻ߰ƣȻ֪Ѿͷвʡ
˺Ժסĵطƽȥ֣ڷգһģŸͲѾͷѾͷվŰƸ˸ӡ

ɡ
ȥ֣ʣҽô
ҽո뿪˵û£˵ʹˣҪһЩȻֻƤ⣬Ҳ˷ġ
š
¸ּ飬ֵˣϸһڡ
ԺҪˡ
ЩۣЩҪɱˣ£

ʱˣƳ˵㲻õģ˿ڲǺҲôѿˣȺһúð㡣
ūûá
ֱ޵ĺܣҲǸ˿޵ˣһֿޣҲˣŽ˼䣬ִһ룬Ǳ߳
Űֱȥţʱ˶ѹ棬ȥһƣֱӵϡ
ÿʮ壬˾ȥιžͼ򡣡
ƴ˻һûȻⲻҪɱô
(δ)

ʮ ˵

˿ʼáƽ˴ǣ˭ܵˡ
ܿûáϿŤһ𣬵ϵѪ
ʱЩѾĻȥ
ոȥЩ˶˻Ǯġ
š
뵽ˣط֮˻˵ġ
Ȼ˵ʱи˳ɤӺǱġ
һ仰ڳ˶ŵö£õ˶ңʼɵƵĲбǿһŵ
ǾǸãڰߡ
󣬲ݣӦϱϡ
Ƶͷ±ȻŹ˵
ǸǸβõˣοʼѪһˣ֪ľоǸΡ١
סıϵһߣȥʻԷ̶
ԭǶǱһʱȥģȥ¡
֣ʲôˣ
ǾСһͷߣһЩСЩ¥ģ˲ͳ͢ԣô£
ɻ󲻽⣬ƿ˰һۣΪż
ȥץʡ
ͷתȥʱ
ǸΡðֻ֪ɱŰԣû뵽Ҳˡ
ն࣬ץ
ѹ˴ڡ
ˡ
ʱܿ챻ʱʱҲŻˣһǰѪֱ¡
ǸеǮС죬ҲûҪ
⣬Ϊ׬Ǯ˸ǮûҪǸʲôط֪ҼɢҥԣȥſڣûʲôɱͷĴ飬Ҳ¡
һصѪˣµһž͸ƹˡ
ƣǵȻ޲Ŀ涶ɸӵˡ
ƺȻʶЩʱ򣬺ݣǱҪģɱҲǱҪġ
Ѿȫܹףݾˡ
ûĺݾ飬ô˵ļɵ
ǺˣʣŵʱæŻش
ʱʱشĶ߶£ѾŻˡ
ƼʣЩ㻨ǮӶµģ
ǡǡСҲǱƵİ
Ŷ
ƿһ۾ǸæīдʱĻڹƿһۣĿ΢΢һ

ʣôǶ
ûдǶǰ˵Ӧǰɣȥſڵţָ˻
˶ص˴
ʱôѾˣǼ룬ż죬Ͱˡ
ڼʵʵĳܰô
ƵŰ˵ʱָˣǾǾһˣһߵŮܶ飬ӶǾߵŮġ
ҲֻǵʱֻǼһ档
ʱʱǾã϶ǴͷˣʶкôͶ࿴˼ۡ
ߵŮ̫һ٣ҿҲͲҿˡ
˽˰ʱѺŰȥ˶ǰ
Ѿ磬ƻЩˡ
ƲЩӿڶ
˵ǲڣϴжƲֻҪڶһ죬һ첻ض˵̫Ҳ׼ˡ
ѹ֡
̧ͷһۣȥʣڲڣ˵·ˣҪԷ
ȥſڴܼһǰƼææȥ
ʱıôƣҪƳ£ֻˣǺӲˣлʴ
ܼҼææţɫһŻţʲô
ܼæſڡ
ôˣ֣ѵүҪʲôʲô
ܼ˵˵ˣҪڶԷ
ƣҪԷҪԷ
ܼûأ룺ɣȥ
ǡ
ϹܼҺܿƿ˸˽ȥǰ£ûþʹˡ
ƾþĴ֮⣬ڲ趼ûȡ
һҪж
ˣߵһ£Ŀһ۰ƣߵŮžȾò˵һߡ
˷裬ҲֻǸѲ£ᰲǱߡ
ȻˣʣĴ֮ʲôô
СĵĴ˴һСڣ˵Ǻ֮ȻȾˡ
ƺЦҲˣŷ֦ͷȥһֻˣȴ쾾żëƤ鲻š
ûƷ
˵Ȼ֪ˣˮܺȣǶȥҸ£Ӻңô˵
ɫһףһĿȾһĨ㵣ƣ죬˵
(δ)

ʮ ʮ

㵽˵ʲôŻع񣬵һعϡ
һЦҲûˣҲֱ˵ˣҪûƾʵݣҲʦ˵סץסİѱ²Ҫ˵ǻϣҾȥҾ̫ҲԲ˶ߣ˵̫˵ˡ
ȥſ£Ҹ˲˵̬Ȼ˶ӣ㵱ãû˹ܵˣ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôȻ˵֤ң㲻òҲǺ۸ģΪ߾ߣݾݡ
ƾ֪ô˵Ҳû˵ģվ
벻νģҽһģԸԸˡ
ȥſھòԣվںסƣվס
ת£
ɫˣ۹ܼҺߵŮȥ
ܼҺŮ£ߵǰҪʲô
ʮ
٣Żôࡣ
ʮȻҪһƽҲԡ˭ҲǮҧ֡
Цƣ㻹ҪҪϴθҪӣҸ㣬㾹ȻҪʮ
沲ǳе飬㵱Ϊ㣿
ӲʮֲͷӶĲС
²£ûӾٷϻ˻̫ȻҪûУ̫ضС
ƾҪ뿪ŭƣ㲻Ҫ̫
Ҳ˵ߡ
ۿҪȥˣסƣһ°Ƴƹȥ
һҪ֣ȥۼֿ죬֮ˣƽɱ˰練ƣҲֻˡ
æŻסӣϾȻóһѽӽʹ̡
ƺˣסĽ˴
ȳȥ
£ҪѵС
ûЦ֡
ƺǺһЦӣҿ϶֣һһҶأǴϣ㡭ʲôûС
ƣɱ㡣±ܲ˵ľûӵ顣
һŭ֮¾һ߿Ű˹ȥƴһߡ
һ֣䵽˵ϡ
һЦҲ֪ϵˣģ۵ϵıһסƵĲӣŭ죬ڣҵҪ㻹ô
΢΢ͷĿ⵭Ȼ㲻ûлᡣ
һ飬˼ֿ̧ĺˣһϣæƿӣһƬܿһЩɫС֣Ѫˡ
ʲôֲѣȥһסһ£ȷû²ſ
֮ǰʮһӶٵĸ͵ҪûУ׼ײֱӳɡ
˵갲ƾߣ˳ȥӺ溰Ŀ۵һæŰסؿڣ˽
ҽæŸʲôֻ֪жˡ
ŰƱù˯һ
Ϲ׼ȥţˡ
үˡܼ棬ƽ
ƣǲǶˣŰƵ֣ԶѾκϣ
ƿ۹壺үǺ˽
˽ơ
֪öŵˣֻаˡ
Ƶǲᣬ繬˵Ǻ˽
ǰѾͰƶȥ
㣬ǸģѽҩҲ
֪ΪζŻ³
˵һʱͿͻ㣬Żжʵش
ƿ۹壬أ
˼ܣֻǲԸá
֪ԭɣȻ˴£Ǿ̧֣˳һһе
ҡͷأҪܷûģֲ壬ͲҪߡ
ŴҪңҲ֤һһҪ
Ȼҵһ£ҲͲÿүϣˡ
ȻģҶҪˣҾͲˡ
ɫ࣬һ߹忴ۺң衣
ȥ裬£ӷ֣££ϵѣ̧ͷʮ֮ǰҩȥҪǲף㲻ˣǴҲȲˣ׼һڹײľͳˡ
ʮŰƣû뵽ƻҪôӡ
˵ʮֵá
˳ϢãʮԺ
˵תˣȥͶ
һ·ϳ˵ȥ˵˵Щ
ˣʮõó뿪ȥתȥơ
ƴʱѾǰˣ߽ͷôˣʮɲСĿ
ү⼸ûſڵˣ£תſڣˡ
(δ)

ʮ ϲʧЧ

ư龭˵ɫԽѿһʮˡ
ԣԭʮģһ׵ӣҪƽ͡
ɲģ
ǡ
ȥҶˣ

һãȻŹ岻
˶Ҷǿ
Ҳֱȥ档
ȥôҪȥ
ȥתȥ棬żˣܿ쵽˶ǰ֨ᣬ˶֣˶Ҷ
ǰ壬ɫƣƷʣҲԿɡ
ɱסƵ֣Ŀ䡣
ƿȥʮˣⲻûô
ҰģҪֳˣڰʤ
һ
˵һỰŽת׼ȥϢ˴Ŷʮˡ
ȥһӣʮƴ򿪿˽˴ϵµ㣬㹻⡣
վһҡͷү׬ǮĽ
ʲôĽģҲȱǮ
Ʋ˵һҩ͹ȥˮͷȥ޹ء
ҩæŻȥʱѾʼѪˣſڴϱĥĿ޺ѡ
վһɫ԰ף뿿ͺܴ˻
۵ܵʱ˶䣬ö
վӿţ뵽ŰƴС񣬺Ц
˽ţҩ͵үҩ
ҩȥ£ŶŽ
ˣֱѪˮ쳣ѿڵһȦôÿ
ûþѿòÿ
תȥ棬ȥХХſפһᣬȥԺ¡
Ժ壬ŲԶſڷ
뿪ȥſҶڵţܼҴʰϵı˰Ҷˡ
ܼҿˣҲ߶ˣʲôû˵ҲҶԡ
ǣˡ
Ƕ٣ǹˣ
үܼæŴк۵ϣűȥ
ܼæ˿ʰڰҶȥЦ
Ų֪ߵ˰
ʱŽգվһߡ
Σ֮⣬˽ӻȥϷ˲ͬ⣬ֻա
֮ţҲһֱû
վһᣬ뵽ߴҲܽȥʹǽͷֱȥˡ
Ժ˽Ŵ󵶾ȥˡ
߽һǶ˺ȥ
ϲǸҷϣ˵ϣ˶֡
Ƶ˵Ժǰſûʲôˣֱӽȥˡ
Ժûʲôſڵסſ΢е㶯֪ˡ
һѴӣʣʲôˣҹ˯ߣ
תȥǱ
үŵ
תȥǰ棬ʱ˵ﻹŵƣȥѾϢˡ
ߵſţκֺܿʹˡ
ſκһ£æŸ˸ӣү
أ
ˣû˯أڿء
κҲˣϲǳ˵ģ컹ǶŻˣԲºȲ£Ҳ֪ôˣΪ̫ܣڿޡ
˵һֱš
üͷϸһĨãúõģʲô
˵Ѿȥˡ
ܣﶼȥ鲻ãһֱŻ£ʲôԲˣӿյģĲˡ
ڴ˵ֱһ߿һӡ
ڶϰţôôѣ
ӣ˼Ҳӣôôܡ
վſڷ˵СԽݣǲ̬
֮ǰԲԲð
ȥ£˳ŹǱ߿ȥסү
˵ܣѵùŵ£Ӹ˲˲Űɫ£࣬˫ֱ档
Ŀӣʣˣ
Щ˼Ǿöˣá
ʣԶأ
Բ£ʲôʲôκһԽͣת֡
ᰡ̫ҵĺϲ裬˵ĸùô˲ˣ
κҡͷūҲڵҲ֪ôˣôȥܲ˵ô죿
վȥ
үҹôοôæɣκֵǾðƲæֻǾôˣ
ô룬ࣺа취
(δ)

ʮ Ů

Ƹ˯ţͱˡ
ҪãҲϢͱˡ
岻ã£
ѾԺˣסΣֻ
忴۰ƣҩԶ˰ɣ
үҵҩǸոպõġ
ƾö϶ʲô£·ȥ档
Ʊ˵ղȥӣ㿪ɡ
üˣ
嵹û˵ʲôʣղɣ
ɣȥɣǮԶ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣȻǮ԰ɡ
ûԥƱ߰ɡ
һƱӻ˳塣
һۣ͵ϡ
Ʊ۳ݿ۰ƣڣܿҪɸɵйĵطˡ
ǲȱģôȥҪˡ
ƴ˸Ƿȥҩȡȥ档
ʹ֪Ʋʲô֢״ʲô֣
ԷŻ¡
ˣǳ˺ϲô֪ǰЩˡ
ûش𣬰Ҳû˵
˹ſڵˣƴæȥҰơ
ү
š
˵Ƚȥ
ҽŶͰʱ˳Բ¶Ƕĵ˵ˣ˵궬˵պأ˵࣬һڳԲ£ʲôܶĲ
ȥ˵ƵԺȥˣŰҩȥ¡
˴ʱţС԰ס
㡣˽
ûµģڶɨ裬ûʲôãﷴӦ
ƴҩ䣬һƿҶλȥһЩҶǴԼõģڹࡣ
ƴ򿪸ӣһƬˣһһһһƬ˲ԺкôҲкô
׼һЩ÷ʱţҪŻ£ͳȥ
ҪҶʱֵôأǺȱⷽӪˡ
˾ò࣬ȥ
˵÷ϷԸ׼÷
ֻóȥ׼ϵҲ֪ȥ׼ܲʲô
Ҳ뵽ˣʱ׼÷ס
ȥԸˣܶǮ֮ǰ׼㹻÷
ˣҩûôͺãҲа취˳Щ
û嵭ˮһЩ
κæȥ׼ûöһЩˮ
ȳһ飬úóԣƸˣԡ
Ϊᣬܳԣûġ
һ黹ԣ½˼飬Ʋٳԡ
θʲôûУܳԵ̫࣬ȻȥԷǰЩ÷ûУȳһЩٺࡣ
ȳҶᣬӦû¡
ƽҲˣŸŹ뿪
˶ٳ˵㶫²˯š
߻Ѿ˯ˣҲЩˣһᣬ˰֣ʾȥ
κʣүô
̫ˣȥˣϢһᣬȥɡ£֪Ϊʲô
κֿһ˯ˣˣ˵㶫ˣ˯ӡ
ǡ
κ˳ȥ˳Źϡ
£ˣȥ¡
ȣûñ˯ˣ˯ûþ͸оŸĥ䡣
۾ҪҸĵطŵˣȣ˵ϳ˺Ҹĵطĥ䡣
ʵҲȣƤģ˾ôϲ䡣
޶Եţֱ˲ˡ
˲ٺֻðƿȥ򿪴磬˷ƽţ˯úĺӡ
߻ȥ£˵Ͽš
ݣẹ̈촽
忴һᣬ򴰿ڣվһϡ
ͺܶꤵ˹
֡Ҷˡ
˸оܳˣ˴Զߵſ뵽ʲô򴰿ǱߣվǱߡ
ү
˸˸ӣתȻӣˣɣǶôȥԷ
һȥ棬˻Щ֣ȥ档
κſڵȺ򣬼æŸ˸ӣү
׼ţҪţ嵭һЩ
Ը˳Ժȥ˴²óȥԺ￴ۣȥ棬Ϊˣû뵽ŵʱֻˡ
׼Զվү
˸ӣ˿
°ɡ
ȥϷ밲ջ
¶꣬𷹡
£ԷãܸоҳԵȥ
ţſκֿ˹ȥûһ޻
ү÷κֹ
¸˷£ܵʱһţո˵ŮǸӡ
˶÷ֱӰѹĻԵˡ
(δ)

ʮ 

ǰѹ˹ȥ򿪿һۣ÷ǴŰ˪ģ˿ɲϲŲ֪Ϊʲôԡ
һŷŵºһᣬ泩ˣĵĸоûˡ
һᣬԷ˳ȥʼԷ
ηԵĲ٣һС붼ˣԱչһ£תȥ·ȥ
ģ˳ȥκҪţ˽ڹڣҪκַģκִӦţ˹Ͷˡ
ذɡ
κ֣ȥ
κֻȥ˵үңһȥͺá
ʣ᣿
ҲǣֻүƽʱȻæүˡӰĸ顣
ǺƲһ˴ûϢ
ȻǺᣬͲҪ˵
·ֱ˹ȥ˵Ƕ࿴һۣŲԭ
˺͹ܼ˵лȥԺӡ
ʱƻϢһûôϢһֱæµҹڻҲˣ˯ǰֱһã˯ѡ
ſڣ˾Ժſڽ㡣
˯Գ·˽
ɫţſڿȥ·´ȥˡ
ƶԺ⿴˺Ͷ
һˣƲЩˣ
㣬ҺöˣҶᣬҳˣԳԷˡ
һˣ˵û¾ͺá
ƿ۶ֱȥǰԺԷ
ںæŸţòⲻһ磬Ҳϰˣ˵˵ģȥķ
˿ЩԣʣٳԵ㣿
и˽и˾ǿʲôʲô
Ҳ⣺ҳ
˱㿪ˣ˳ƾһԣƹ۲죬ЩŹ֡
˵ǺˣҲҪչһЩǵûڶ˵ߡ
в˸ƣ㰮ԣһЩ
ⲻ࣬ѵðϲƽ⣬ȫ˳ˣ岻⡣
˶Ƭ⣬żֵ꣬˵㷹ûʲôʳˡ
˵˶ˣ
žеŹ֣˵ʲô
Ƭ⣬ƱԲԣ⣬кˡ
 ô˵ƬͱҪԡ
ŵ﹬Ŀ΢ˡ
վ˸Ӹˡ
Ϊ뿪ˣ˭ԹȥǰԺ֪ûߣȥԺի
ʣȥǱʲô
ܼεƲЩˣ˼סϰˣϢƬ̡
ЦأȥȴҪǸ
ƣҪȥոȥɡЩġ
Щݣǡ
뵽ôҲڼ
Ը˳ȥ
β֪˲ŹŰƲ£СѻҲæ˳
ֻôһš
Ʋʣȥ
Ҫ
һ꣬ǻڸˡ
ѾҲûȥֻܸȹȥ
ȥ̫밲̫ЩûƻЩˣ˳﹬
ʱѾû£Ӵȥԡ£ʣүأ
үһֱû֪ȥʲôط
֣ڸȥʲôط
Ů澲֪ŮæŹ£֪Ĵв˳ͻᶾ
ɫƿ۹µŮȥʹܼңô¡
ǡ
Ů˳ȥЩĸ꣬תȥӷֳ
ΨΣ졣
뵽飬뵽˰ҩѵǰ˵ʲô
ܼҴæ밲
ţүأ̧ͷȥ
ܼԥһ£ȥˣһֱҲû
ȥҵ˴Щͷأȥİô
ܼ˳ȥҡҡͷ
ҵ
үһ֮֮ϣһ飬ʧݰ
ܼ뿪ȥҶ˲֪ӶſڹȥˣƲ
ܼұ¸߸֪ڸڶ֪࣬ˡ
һƷӣվĶˤˣС
ûɣֻˣҪꡣ
ϵ£µϣ˶ټһ˺Ů˶վţһһƴʼޣĺףڸ˵Цˡ
ЩѾ߲򣬵˹ȥ
ܼվھߣŭҲŹӽ˹ǰ棬ھĽ£˻ȶ⡣
(δ)

ʮ ݷ

һʼϷ޲򣬹ܼҷ˿޵϶ᣬȻѾ߳ǹܼǻ̫ĸҵˣȹ̫ģ̫̣˭۸
̫ʱѡϹܼңҲΪ˿һЩģҲȫġ
ĵŮϹܼңϹܼȻǺϧ
ܼҷԴӼ޸˹ܼңûԹһĿ࣬˲֪̫ÿ궼ʹܼҷ˵࣬żκֵǵ˵
̫ˣûпĵ
һܼҷ涣ǿޱǿ޷ı衣
Ϲܼ絶ʣʱܣԹ
ǲ ͽµѾߴˣðӴһȥѪܼҲûãֻԼ
ûŴžͶˣͽ˼
ܼҺͿͷūŰɣūŸūŵļڰɡ
㣬˭ңҿһ۹ܼңһ߿˹ܼҡ
Ҫ򣬾ñ˴⸮˶࣬һһƣҲҪʱ
ܼһ³ͷԼ
ܼҷϲŹܼﲻģײӣѪȥ

ܼҲҽһ˷ˣԺ޺Ҳ˶
ˡ
ҽҲûŸܼҷ˿ۿžҪˡ
ܼҰҸȥүоɣֻܹܵ£үҲ棬Ƕ
ܼҶԾ֮ǣͷ죬ȥ˵ǸֳˣҪ
ܼҲˣȻ뵽Ӳϵ׹ӣ⿪·óֱӸ˸ҽȻ͸̫ˣΪǶ½㣬ǻʼҵӡǣȥ˻ġ
ҽҲȥˣȻҲ׹Ӿܡ
ҽܵˣߣŵϹܼҲˣǶĸҽԼ˵ġ
һʼҵ׹ӵġ
ѽҼڰĲʱ򰡣ϹܼǶˣүڵġ
ҽţйڣܼ˵š

ҽźŪùܼ޴롣
𺰣𺰡
ܼȰ裬ҽĸˣ
ҽôûѶ˺ˡ
˯ѳԵ㶫Ժ˴Щ죬˴˳
´ɫãǹûأһһ˵Һ塣
ܼһæȥ밲Ʋ
Ŀ۹ܼңϹſ޺ĸҽһ£Ըҽ
ү
ԸҽҲסˣһ˿޵ˮ׵ĺͷһûϳʱŸҽ˰졣
˶ﶪˣŭ죬ȥһԸҽ
Ըҽһû˵¶վڶǱߡ
ôȥɡ
Ըҽе˵ǰһѱס˵ȣƲ¼ٿڣҪûˡ
Ȼٿ
ȱ˱ţһ߿Ըҽ
Ըҽ޺Ѹ˵ϣҪǻȶ⣬Ϲܼҷ޲裬ܼҷײˣٲܣҪ˼ˡ
סʲôȶˣ
ⱩƢûôҪˣȻߣȥ
Ըҽ˲϶æ˵Ϲܼҷ˵׹ӣȻʵʹ֮˵ǿʱܼҷڿ첻ˣ֪סģҡ
ܼҲˣҼүˣ㲻үƲ֪ˡ
ԸҽƲûж
˵ȷʵڣܼҲ˵ѵģȻˣܼңͷ׹ӽȥȻҪˡ
ɫ࣬ǸӣʱǸΣҵɱн
ܼæӦʣԸҽ׹Ӹ˹ܼңܼȥ͡
ȥſڣߵżЩ
һתŭӶ㡣
סȥˣ˵ߡ
ŸŻȥžͿÿ˵׸ߣɫԽԽһŭ𣺡ҹ
ֱȥ˺ԺԺӣߵſһ߿ţɫһףʵ㡣
ͷȥҾͰҹˡ
û˵תߣںĸš
˷ŭѣ͵ġ
˵˳Цүˣ

û˵Ӵ˹ȥһˣȥŭ¡
Цˣ۵ǵ֮ɫ
һųŶ߹ȥסĽףˤֱסɿף䵽Ļ˻ŭ죺Ҫ룡
ˣңսֱۡ
ϣұݷ򣡡
˲
(δ)

ʮ 

˽ţЩθŻһ£ûſ̽ս
ҡ
Ҳ¡
˵ĺĸ˸ȳ÷
÷˲ƿ˶ټʵġ
û
ˣֺޣ¡
ô
ʣΪҪø˻򣿡
ʢˣǶŮˣûȨǣ
Ȩ㲻ȡ֣ѵ֪򣿡࣬ʱʱˡ
֪ϵı飬ȴŭ˾
̧־ʹˣ˿ȥҪ𣬶һž֣ƿˡ
ˣ𾪲ѡ
үң
ûŭүôңǲɥĲˣź㣬ʹ㲻ϧǾˣ㻹ǣǲв
ˣ˵ʲôöڿ˵Զģȴ㻹˺ӣû˵ķݡ
ĵŶˣҡͷȻôģ޻˵ƲϾǱĲסڸҲĪҪˡ
ȥܼҷˣԺ
±׷ֻĸ׷¡
ܼҷĸˣ治ܴõˣ飬Ҳе
СǸࣺǲбҲмǲҪ˵ŭҪ㣬Ҳпԭ
߰ɡ
һ˵ת˴ˡ
ֱҧŷԸֱδ£⼸ĪҪ߳ԺӣԺöһź񣬲а㵡
м˿Ӧʡ
˴ûЩˣǾãǹ־
˲ˡ
ȥԺܼҺ͹ܼҷˣЩǣ͹ܼûʲô飬ϹܼҶá
뵽ܼұ۸ߡ
Ժܼҷˣ۵Ŀˡ
ô죿Ҳβ±˵ܼҷ˻۾ʱѾ˿ˣ˻º͵Цˡ
Ʋģū澵ѾˣҪˣǰܿ㣬ūѾˡ
˲˲᣺ܿˣҪͦס
£޵ĲС
վһ߿ŲĹܼңžмᷳ
ţƴſڼæŹҩİ
ŰѾ˲ߵܼҷǰסɨ衣
㣬Ѫ裬ˣ˲ſ첻ˡ
ȸעǿļŴһΣ涼ǲӪҩСʱȥܼҷ˽תҲѪɫ
ܼһ˺˹мѣ¸ƿͷлл֮
֮ǰһֱΪ˾ƣҵĺͿ
Ϲܼ£ƵǲΪȻת֮£̫֮ǰ̫ⶣҪұ
˵ʲôֻǱͲԡ
˵ȻˣҴȥ
˵˲˲ᣬҪ뿪
ͲȥˣжᣬڧԲܵģǲϵ˹̫ݲˡ
ƿ⸮ĹҿԲܣǹܼҷ˵һҪġ
֮£Ĵˣһе
ת뿪ƵʱգûзҲνǳ顣
ŰƱȥ飬Źܼҷˡ
ʱκҲѾһϽñĥӣӯ
ϽÿҲų
֤ȥԺӣԺʯͷеĺȲ裬ôεĥ£Ϊֹ۵
Ƶʱ򣬾һ·
ƽߵǰŰΨһʧľ£Ϊǻ档
û뵽û
ʧŲЦһЦ
ڰƵֲ⣬ԭԷˣôͱ
ϣ̫У֤ڸŰһ£Ѿ֤ʵգͷΣΪ
̧ͷƣЦһЦʲôҵͷΣܾģҪϡ
б£ȥɡ
һ۾תˡ
Ų豭עŰȥֽסӣֱ뿪ˣıӲ䵽ϡ
˫۷ֱſڡ
үأû뵽û
ŮæŹ£ū澲֪
ǡԵ
ʱվھԺſڣüĻûȥתˡ
ƺ͹嵹Ҳû뿪̧ͷƿŶ뿪ıӰܾôΣ
(δ)

ʮ ܵ͵

ƻȥ˹ܼҷ˾Ȼظˣ黹Ҫֽȥ̫
̫˼Ҫ檣ȫǰջ̫Ľġ
̫
ƹݼ̫ʱڹϣŰƻ˻˵ɡ
л̫̫֣ʾⰲȥš
ƿ̫ɫã߽˵̫
š
ָ̫ƣɨ裬˵̫ЩǷ˯߲ã
£˯ôõˣ̫ԳһЦƵǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ƶ˵ͷ̫عϣҪ
ҵûʲôҾ޷ģȻ𣬱Ʈҡҡ
Ȼլʺ񣬸Щ˻Ҵҡ
Ҫݾˣլʺ񣬻ô
̫ϢһտڲԣƴһƿѪҩ̫Ѫ裬ÿΣգһһš
ǰȥѪ裬̫˵ذɡ
Ƹ뿪
ڻȺ󣬼ֱӴˡ
³뵽³̫ãЩʧ䡣
£ĺӵͷˡ
ƿôںоȡ
һЦоȣƻ̾Ϣ
ûйϵ̾ϢʲôƺЦ
̧ŰƵ°ͣΪЩ˸УǲģǱˣƻ̫ˣԼĵ˶ǲģгһưѱһˡ
һЦˡ
ʲôʱ˵Ҫˣ
ֻЩ̾ǰԼˡ
ɲֻԵʴȵˡ
±ͷˡ
˵һỰҲЩˣľͻ˷
͵κȢޣ빬ͰƲμӡ
ƵûʲôȤκҲ˽⡣
˵κʹЩȹϵ
Ǵ˷ǱߵһԶףʹ˹ϵȴ͡
ӿһʹ壺үȥô
£ȻǲȤκϱǹ߹ϵ£Ҫʹһǹ֤᱾顣
ִ֣û˵
Ҳû˵޷粻ˣбضһЩ顣
һ£үκһȥүҲȥרŲ£
߹ϵ鲻˵Ҵԣһضַ
ݺȥүԸΪȥսŲţ
һ£üȥưɿǱҵıܡ
˿ãҿ԰㡣
ٳûпڣȴס˰Ƶ֣Ĵָḧ`Ƶֱ
Ҫȥˣڻ˵һѽµʱŻˣµʱɱս
˶ΪҪǴĽɽȴ֪ʱں
Ҫȹ̣Ҫ޽
ơ
ллƣᱣ㣬ᱣǡ
ֻⱣʱƵʱҲҪѧϰ죬ܵȱء
Ƶͷãүʲôʱ򣬾ܷȥңүء
Цһ£һ°Ƶſţ˿
֪ǵ˸ʲôб᲻ء
һ磬ƺ͹ʢװ磬ȥκĸϵء
ƽйܼ׼һЩȥˡ
ȥ崩һɫѣƽ׼ġ
Խùˣթ׬ģƴԵһ£׬һǧ
ĿѾ˰ʼĹ㣬Ǻġ
ָƣƴָ壬һѱסƵıţ׵䵽ϡ
建ɿ֣Źȥκſڡ
κĸſ˺ܶ࣬ƺ˵κҪȥ߹ص飬ĺܶࡣ
ͽκ
ƸߵκſڣƽҲ˹ȥ
ƽүӡ
嵹û˵ĸ⣺ƽҲˣ
κ涨˺ܶ·Ҳյӡƽ˵Ƶ󣬽˹ȥ
һ˲Žȥ
κСӺκСſڽӴˣκСƣƾȹ
æ˹ȥ˫ְСϸ˸ӣСŮμ
ɡȥκĸƳκСͷȥ档
ƽͰһͬţƽｻκС㡣
һ˽Ժ˵⣬رǰƺ͹ʢװϯ
ѾϰֱĿĳ棬ǰ棬ߵĿˡ
û߳ʢˣѾܵ͵ˡ
(δ)

ʮһ 

κһСæӭ˳ͰæҪݼ
ˣκϲӣףһȥ
忴һκµӣͷϲ
л
忴˿ڳˣеĹԱ󲿷ֶˣû̫ة˺СҲû
ҲſһۣûеسЩˡ
ţ˽κæƿȥſڣתȥȻǶˡ
ֻһɫĽ£һˣҲɫĽ¡
ƿһǲ⡣
ƲǶŮˣѾǼˡ
˿̵˵ͷҲ˵ͷ
κһ˽ţ˾۵һ𣬾ȥǰ
ڰƵߣͷ߰ƣϾԺһϣѷӲˣȥΣûס
ƲǺ飬ֻһôȥҪֳ¡
ˣͻȻͲˡ˾թ
ƿȥСĵ㣡
ҡ˲Ų£ؿڣҲŲ£
ڰɵиСѾ뵽Ҫˡ
ں˭ˡ
뵽ЩƵͷ˵Ȼȥס
κֺͶҲˣǶڸչš
ЩΪˣ˵Ҳǲȥڻزȥô飬ܼҷôȥ
⼸պæ
ƿ۶ڶԡ
ԹԻظͿ˸Ƴһ
忴ɫЩ֣һ֣ôˣ
ҡͷʲô˵
ȥ尲һѰ׼ȥ
үôҪţƵ⣬˵κУеġ
ƻб䣬߹£ҪС
ǰ˵֣ȥȾǰүû˵ʲôʱӵϢ
ӵģû˵
忴ûиߡ
ʣүڸﲻȫô
˵ãվǲģ˵Ĺ֮ϣڣҲһЩ
߹ңԶһȥҲҪ£Ҫȫˣڹ뿪ʲô鷳ˣùСˡ
ˣưҲס
ڻϣڡȥߡ
ǰ涼úõģΨ䣬ɫһ˵ʮֲá
ƿȥүô˵ҪҲȥϣ
ˣΣ

ˣƵû˵ʲô
׼ҹ뿪
ƿˣһЩʧ䣬磬ǡ
˵߾ˣô顣
ģ
Զתȥ˸
Ϣһʰһ£˽
յϢһڽſڵˣŮţ˵ĺϲ£졣
ƻˣ
֪Խ˽ˣʲô¶
ЦǺǵĽţҲ͡
⼸ҲҪҪоһЩҩȥȥæµˡ
Űȥæɫ࣬ʣ׼ô
ؽ׼ˣİɡ
š
æ죬׼һˣҪõ㶫ҩǱҪԼȥ˽ȥ
ͰкƱ
˵£ǰֶۣҪƵȵȣƱվڽǰ֪ܿʲôнߡ
룬ƵȲȰһҲûȡ
·һ룬ƾͷֲԾˡ
ϸûʲôˣΧķƬ淢̤Ȼᣬˡ
ͣ£ΧȥһЩµˣŵڷߣһӰǰȥһߴǰȥ
֪ҪΧ
ףЩ˺Ȼͣ£һͬలƣչ׼塣
ǰʮˣմ󵶿ٳ
תҲʮˣͬĴ磬ͬĵ
תһȦƣϵĵӣרŸԼ׼ģΧ˴ȦǼٸ롣
ĶΨˡ
λϣΧͿ˳ˣĵ̫࣬ľֻԱˡ
䵥ֻܾȫ
ժʮ룬
ЩˣǺֻеûмȻ
ɱ˰ƣƽ
һ˴󺰣ƿȥ˹ȥ׵壬ٱܳŰƳ塤̣׼ֵʱһһӶ˹Щ˳忪ˡ
˲嵽ǰѰΧ
ͷͷѰƵ˸ܲ͸硣
ȵʱһƿƿȥ
(δ)

ʮ Ļ

һ£һ뵽״̬úõĲȻ׹
ƿӣ߳
ƿŹߵǰ
ڹϣ̧ͷ˵Ƕɱķôˣôģ
Цʣ뾩Ҫǣ
ǱܵһѡǵĿƣ籾
ס֣үҲ£
ĳ֣ǧһĻᣬᣬƫ䣬Ҫ䡣
˵ſΧ뿪ǰѪһƬʮ˵ǽ򿪣ÿ϶ƬĻףǵϴźɫƬ֣ǵİΧ£ƺ͹һ鶼ûС
ƿЩѾˣƬ̣ɱŰܱҹĺá
ʵ˭νµľ˹塣
̧ͷŹ岻һŰƵһŰƵ֣ǰߡ
תͷǰ棬ſҲֻˡ
ʱһӹٱ˲Ӻ֣ǴˮͰɨѣٰռݣֺܶˮ
ƿЩˮͷ˾Ȼǲܸ
շһȺѹѹĺѻѻ¸½ţ̧ͷЩѻ
˵רιѻͲжѺѻ
оĿһģòġ
ֻ˵˳Ұζ׵òû˵Ұζ⻹òġ
ɲã˭˭ãҼǵﱬһδȾΪҰζǴȾˣִȾˣģľͲڿˣǱɱ˷Ż𣬱ȶҶҪµ飬ҽԱֶ룬Ȼʤˣ֪˶ˡ
Ļ̵̻ģȻ־壡
忴۰ƣһΣӦٲô
ƺȻĬû뵽ôôӦˡ
š
ס֣̫Ҳ֪Ǻ»ǻ£ǵлܻȥ뿪ʱʲôӡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôܾϵͳǸ˵Ļһ죬뿪ȥ
ĻҲ˵ˡ
һ·Ƭһ·ߵſڣƵסˡ
ô
벻ˡ
忴ϣβȻ˳ƿȥû
벻βˣı¿治Сء
βת˸Ȧܵһߵǽ£Ƭ˿ƶ¿һۣ壺Ѫ

һ£Ѹٽűƿ˷ֳӽ룬ƼҾǧ˲Χס
·ŵö£ƼҾ˺ֵϾϽڶʧ˻رܣⲨ
һǶ˶Щ˶˵ˡ
ƸȥѪһ·ҵԺ˵طƿһͷϵĳ֣˲ˡ
û뵽ôңȻôɱҡΪҲþһˡ
˰Ŵ򿪣ƬһȥΧԥһ£Ǻȥ
Ӳöٰ취δܰѾҲ붯ɱ˾
οǶˣǺһӡ
һ¹壺˰ɡ
忴ƣС
˵깬ȥ棬ֻܴӹ˹ȥ
ƿţȥſһˣѪ
ߵ棬Ƭ룬˿ٵ˵ǰһһѳ˺˵Χ
⿴Ǿ
ƵЩ⣬ȥɱ
˺أһѪ
ͷȻЦƾúܱΪ˸˾ͳӡ
Цһ۾һ۾Ǳߡ
壬ΪʲôǲϲңΪʲôҪϲ֪֪Ϊжٸҹǣӣ
ǿ˻γŹߣƿһ۹壬ľ
ᣬ뿪޸ʱ򣬾ע뱾
ڻǿˣƵǾ⡣
ֻڹ
忴ƣ˵գҲǸһ
˵㣬Ҫʲô
Ҫһ֣תǰľ
Ц壬գɻ

(δ)

ʮ 

Ƶû⣬Ժﲻ֪ΪʲôȻͳһ뷨Ҹӣůĺʱ̽һ¡
Ʋŭ
ƺȻľˣ岻ˣѣҪԾĶ
ôˣ
ƣ۵ƣҲˣ㱳Ҳô㡣
ŮӶǣŮ˺ܶ࣬ûнҲС
˵㲻ģ˵һӶã˵㲻ҪȨ
ΪˣΪŮӣ
֪ŮӶ౰΢
ʲôҪվҵ³
кܶŮˣעΪ˾ͻˡ
ʱͻ뿪㡣
ûеλûȨʣµֻй¶
ҲΪŮˣյĵӲż棬ʲô
彣ü˶Щ
ƵǲΪȻȻһЦʹڰʲô˵ϣȫ㡣
ԶΪ㡣
һϲ˱ˣһȥ
ֵã˼ֵãб˻á
ʲôȨʲôλҶԶҪ
Ըһģײ롣
Ҫģôᶮ
Ȼסһ뿪ƣҲŮˡ
ƺЦ֮ǰɲµģôţѵģ
ӲŮӡ
Ʋ˵£ǱߣŭŰƣΪҪҿô
ңҲŸ͵ġƲ˵ҲͲ˵
ְɡ
˾Ҫ֣ǲɱңҪɱҲɱҡ
岻ᣬЩѾʼ֡
šȻţתŵĹѾ˾ǰ
ɱӦԺ棬ҲȥҲ˺
⣺Ϊס
˿̳߹ȥ뿪Ľ˵öųȥ
ңסһסҪ
ΣѶʲôˣ
˾վ棬ҲŽˣѰƸͿˡ
ߵߣѽָ壺㶯үҾɱ㣡
һ£Ѿǰ棬˶ûӦ˵
ĿƲ뿪
Ҳ뿪
ĿɱеˣԵ˾
忴ԼȻǰһʬ
ƨ
˵һŹɱȥ㿪ת̹ȥ
ŵúܶ֡
Ŀһ˶
忴׼ᣬһɱɣ
˹ȥۿȥһ¹ðס˽
һ̽˵ļ˺һĽһ䵽ϡ
һ˹ȥ
ֱ۴£ͷŵϵĽϥ£ѽýסҪվ
˶
ҧүһᱣ㡣
վȣѪļҪߣ˵ʲôϡ
Ź壬˫ϬޱȣգɱҲɱүȻ뿪˴
ҪɱǾ˽ɱƣ㵨һ顣
κ˽ŭ𣺡˺󣡡
ֱʱƷˣǰǷʲô顣
Ѿͷǲϲ
ȳһֹѪ衣óֹѪ׼͹ȥ
Ŀ䣺ԡ
ͣ£ͦйƼҵˡ
ƵǶ˼
һˣ¡
ҡͷˣžߣҵƼҵˣңƼһ̤ƽ
Цһ£ֱ˿ʶˡ
Ƕ˵ˡ
ʱҪЩʲô
˶ˡɿ֣ˣĽָŹ塣
еңǰһĻЩˡ
ͷϵķŰǱȥȥ߼Űƴ̹ȥȥһ߹ȥ
߳ȥײϣһѪ³
ķΡ
һ˽֣ƹȥƬ˵һѽὣ˹ȥ
תȥס壺վס
ֵܶţڷƲ𣬳Ƭ˵Ľת˰Ʋϣ壬㶯үɱ
תƲѪˡ
ƿŹ壺үǻذɣۣ
ҧˡ
Ҳסˣ˵Ľüһ䣺үģˣ
Ľ£ٿơ
˺վס𲻴Ӧ˾
ŭơ
𲻴Ӧ
Ӧ
ٿ֣վһߣ
˿Ѿʼˡ
彫˻Ƽװεһѱסƣߡ
ƬĽٳ롣
(δ)

ʮ 

˶ȥˣ˵ȥһ¡
ת˴˳뺰εˡ
תȥſͣһ£ͷŹȥż˳ȥ
ƻصѾûˣ˿ѾˣҲ֪
ڹĻ֣ү¾˰ɡ
һ仰˵ƾ֪岻Ӧ
Ʋ˺ˡ
˺ƣ͸ˣ

Ҳ˵ˡ
Ʊ屧׷ǡ
ݡ
ƻͷʱһѾ׷ˣѪ׷ŶκҲأ̫Զš
Ϸһ·ߵǰ˫ϥڵϣһж˶Ĵ˶㣬
æȥˣûˣ㻹أô
׷ϣŵò֪ô죺ôûиоﲻӲ
ѣ̥ҩ˵ָֹѪ
˿޵ˮû£ȥסκ֣²Ҫĸ֪֪Ҫүʻ
޵ϡﻩȻҪ¿ô죿
ȥκ֣첻ȥżĴ󺰡
ƵǱѾͷסˣҪѾͷһǣ˻ʵۣҲǸ
ŵתŻŵȥκ̧֣ͷƣ˲᣺㣬Բ𡣡
˵͸ƿͷôҲ
ү
תȥ壬ùȰ裬תȴˡ
Ƭ˲ֻȥʣ°ƼҾҲˡ
ǰûˡ
˵ȥ˵Ѿԭˡ
ΧһۣվŰȥ档
սֹˣƷȴô
û취ƽ׼Ҫ˰˿ڣ˵ʲôá
ƿ˰˹ڵϲ
ƺû˵ǲ
վſڷ˵㲻ùң˶Բ飬͸š
ҹһһҹҾˣȥϢҲˡ
Ц˵ƵǱˡ
⿴һſڵĹʣƲֻһ仰ϲ
һ£˵Ҳϲֲϲҡ
Ϊʲôô
ҷܿүܸɱ
ƿһ۶תˡ
Ȼϲϲ
뿪ȥ˱̧ͷȥǹڣүôˣ
·
˹ȥҰƣǹⲻܵġ
Ժžͺơ
ƸսţתһſڣĻǺܿġ
£ƽϸȷû¹һͱõĲˮ
ҲûӦ
һ̷ű߿ˡ
ƺ˵һߣ˸ŵ˴ϡ
Ų˸طϡˣͷ˻ˡ
ſ˿ƣ۰ɡ
ƻ˵ʲôЩ˾Ǯ
ȥҩʮɡ
á
ҲӦˣƱЩڣ˵ʮ˶á
ҩ䣬ƽ⿪˵·ת棬ȥϸ
Ť۾ۡ
ƺܿ촦˿ڣȻ˴ƻ˵һ䣺Ӧû°̺ۣԺ룬Ҳܼ޵ĳȥˡ
Ҳˡǰ˵
һԵĹɫһ˶ԭغ룬룬ϲⰡ
ƿ۹үȻαҪǣƲͣӻܳȥֵòʲôѵպȥ
Ի˶ͷˡ
Ըȡһ·
ͽˣæŴӦȥ·
·˻·æס֣Լүرܰɡ
嵹Ǻϣȥ档
Ҫ£վŲߣתˡ
ƸųȥҪӣûƾͽ˱īֽ⣬ҪдǷ
дǷ̤ʵˡ
Щżʣʲôʱ
ˣ
ʣתûʲô£ˣҽѾˣ˵ҩͻãҪ
ƾ⣬վһߵĹ塣
ոŰ˸ҽǣҽúΣ
οƬּأû£
(δ)

ʮ ڸ

˻·˻Щ£ȥɨ裬Щ
⼸СһЩҶ⣬㶯̥
ס죬¡
ЩΪѣʱЩס
ǲ£ӦûȥЩ
ҿɲȥʲôõġ
˲ϻȥƵǾã˲ȥΪ¹֪¡
Ҫʲô飬ǿɵ
ȥܼҷ˻Ҫչˣ⼸ոû˴
ߵ˵ǰ˱
ǿߵģûкܵģϾѱôأҪչˡ
һľĶǣȻȥϢˡ
ջȥ͸˳ȥ˵Ӹùˣȥס
ȥһ·û˵һ仰˽湬ȸƸһ״
ѵðѰһ飬һˣң״ġ
˵û˼վתϯȥϢ
һֱſڣ˯һȾ
˱ȻصסХҲסˣԻˣֵҽãרŸ˿ڣ˵ʲô˿˿ڡ
֣ôص㲻պΣҲ֪Ϊʲôôֻǿɫ԰
պҲҵ£ͷүҡ
㣬޲ð㡭ӳȥֵӲ˻ȥԹ˽⣬Ѿͷ仰ͻ뿪
˵˰ʲôûȵʣүҪ˵ʲô
˿ڲǿˣϢտ¡
˻ûӦѾȥԸˡ
ת˵ֽҹһЩסжҲסǱߣ»Ըǡ
κַ˷ӣүʲôū澡
һˣ뿪˸طվš
ǣת⿪¾ȥ˴ϣһ⣺ү
Ҫ˾ͺһΪ˱ǲܣ˵ȥ˳Ц
˸ɣƿȥˡ
Ҳ£ҲŲ棬ƽš
Ťͷһ˲԰׵ת۾ϣԸҪҽԺסʱɸĳӹ˶Ҫ
ǡ
κӦ뿪ʱҲΪ˻رܣ˳ŰѶҲ˳ȥ
ģſš
Σ᲻ˣܿ˯ˡ
Ȳ۾ԽԽԽԽ
ɱ
ûɱ֮ģС
Ϣ˼գ˸оöˣǵչ·Щڡ
˿ϵĺܺãöͷүˡ˲·¡
ü˸֣Ѿˣظˣþš
˵䣬ƿ˼ϵ·˰ļ
ӽ㲻ȥɱɱˣŮӣж࣬ȥˡ
ŮˣһΪЧƼҶŮӡ˵ֻоƲŮˡ
Сĸ˰˿°˵ʱָһ˵ļ˸ûӦЩʧ
ûӦ
ֱ۸·ã˵ǲ˵˶ǱĲȥͷ¶棬˵ȥ̣
˱㲻˵ˡ
ܾʲôݣΪЧȥ̣ӡ
˲˵ȻڣЭһ뵽ȥҪˣ㲻˵ˡ
ùҲ뿪˱żˣ⼸ն˲ķ
ر̥ҽ´ڶ濴ӡ
ү¿ߡ
һ鿴ȥ鶼һ˼ӡ
ԽԽ
˵ˣ顣
𾪣ôˣ
Ҫȥ
תȥˣԸκֺͶչ˺˶
һˣڿ´ˡ
ƾ´ɰκָŻˣκ˵ʲôá
Ҳ²ȥֻþڴš
Եð
⼸պһЩ᲻ڸֻһҴѾͷˣѾͷִסХ棬ȥղڣļնƲ
˺Ц˷ȴ֮ǡ
˹壬ȴһС
ޣ
׼·ҪȥݼƲ
ӴǿŸ¡
Ů澲Ҳæ·£һѵӷŵ档
ߵſڣԺӵ˲ȥɱˡ
Ůŵɫ԰ף˶㵽ԺתŮŮŵæڵϡ
ûõĶ˵ת뿪ˣŮŵû겻ᣬžˣŸžˡ
һ·նХ⡣
оѾ첻ˣ⼸ܾԶˡ
ɱ˰ƣȴš
ǼֱǶ衣
(δ)

ʮ 

ڴţһ궯ûᣬ
ȥûʲô˼
ȶ󺰲õʱѾץסκ֣һѵκֵĲϡ
´ûЬ
Юκֽ˱ŵôĵӣ˺κ֣ٷˣ㲻
һɴ֮磬һѰһߵıָž
ǺһЦĵⲻǸѧô
úϣһк˵ϣҪκֵĲѪˡ
ŭ𣺡ǲǷˣ
ǷˣһѾҷ񣬶һ㣬ҳ׷ˣûǣôᵽز
ҪɱǣˣȥҰƣҪǸᡣ
κ֣Ҹʡ˲ϻ
ǺһЦھˣҷκ֡
˺κ֣ҲŹ㡣Ž
Ҳû̫Ҫսپ
ŽκƳȥȥκ֣һ˵ۡ
һʹκƿɱڣҾ
ǾͿûˡȥվһţ˴
˿ԽԽĿۣȻ˫Ѿʹ̣ǽŽҪ
ԽսԽ£һھĲϣͣ£˵ĽҪˡ
ſڵŽˣſˡ
ү
˵ʲô£
ˣ˶ѽ¡
ҧҧһѰѽӵϣþ
תһߡ
һ۵ϵĽȻ𽣳˴̹ȥ
˶
æ˹ȥתҪ㿪Ųһһǻƿײ棬ûվȾ͵ˡ
ŻƿѣҲ档
ȥסѾ˵ٸжۡ
ȥţѾ۵ڵϹ
˶ǲſһžα߳ȥײӵһ棬۵ģһ£߹µѪŨ˫ŭɣĿôôңôôң
˱Ŷڵϴ϶Ѫʹ˫ȼŨҺ塣
κŵüһ
ҲŻˣûȥˣת˳ȥ
һѱסˣ˶
ǿ۾Źӡۡ
ɫ԰ףսֱۣĻŵĲۣһͲˣȥһа취
׼ߣվ棬ĽָŹ
ĮĿžҪ˶ȥҰƣÿ
Եңϡ
ؿڣһ̽ȥһסͷŭˣ֣
һɹִ֣Ҫѽγȥŭ𣺡֣
ҧҪ
ŭ֮£˽ȥ΢΢һŽҪ赲һϿ˵ҲһΡ
û֣Ծɽˡ
һѪ
˶ַŵϣҲûˣڹĻ˹ȥ
Ѿ˲ˣ˾ߡ
ȴѾûվȵڵϡ
ٳţǾĺҺ㣡
۾ȴûͣ¡
ͷ˲԰ѪС
ſǣһƥʩչȥ˫ȼһӣһݣ
֪˵ҡһͷ缲һɱȥ
ǰվϹܼң׼ȥðЩõģ˻ŵһ֪˭ôõ֪˶࣬Ҫ˻·ɲһͨ
ϸȻǶһȫѪϡ
˵ʱʱ죬һգ˸ǰŵϹܼҺ˵һͷ
ͣ¶Ѿ䵽ϣϹܼұŴֻ֪үĹǿ֪ô
˳ֱԺŲ֪ƲԺ
ϹܼҼææܽȥŵֱ¡
ȥˡ
Ҳʣֱ嵽Ұơ
Ʊѵʱ򣬾溰ҲŻˡ
죬ȥ
æÿйţҲ˽ȥ
Ҳû뵽ῴ뿪ߵһȥ˱ŵϣϸȣܲá
ǳȥ
ȥһѵһҪԼѪ弸ߵǰһס֣
(δ)

ʮ ֻҪ

ƿ֣Ҫӻоȡ
ʱ˵֡
һͣˡ
ɿְƸ˵죬Ѫ
˵ɫָ顣
嶢Űûµ󣬲Ǻܸߵһ£æµ
˺ܿû£ƿһ£ȷ˯ˣ¡
ûסʱѾûˡ
ƾúܿϧ⺢֮ŦŦûˣ˻Ҫֿˡ
ǺЦһ£˵ͻڡ
һ£ȥʱ˵֡
ȷʵˡ
˵ڣڡ
ԣҲϻҵġ
վȥҹ壬Źȥ档
ȥʲô£
ǡ
ת뿪ܿ찢߰ƾˣ
һ£˵ʲô
ˣ
˵ǶɱˣﻹƼҵˣոһƼҵѾˣǵӣҪɱ˵ġ
ȥˣһȵס
תȥƻͷ˿ȥ˽ſڣܲòȥ
ߵſڰҲӽＱæ˳
һưǲѣæȥŰƣЩ㿪ˣȵٳ
ƵЩ⣬ʲôסƼˣ
Ϸ˾ſվţŭӵĿ⿴ŰƣҪˣǶҪСһ͡
˰ƣתȥ˹Ϸ˵ǰһȭϷˣϷ˽֪ΪΰʦڣѲҵƼҵˣ
޹أ뿪ϷŭɶķͷŵһҪǲȥͲ˽
һüϷˣ㿴㣬ôôĻ𣬲ȷʵ棬ڽȥɣ˵أаĲأƢȥǶˣֳӣΪֲûһԣ
Ϸ˱סˣǻ˵ˣϷûлɡ
ٽϷˣȥţһûˣҾͰѶŪû˵ĵط˾ǡ
Ϸ˺Ȼ侲Ŀһᰲзִ磬ͷˡ
ƿ۰תȥˡ
û뵽ôؼʱʵƭ˵ġ
ǾŪû˵ĵطˣùϷ侲࣬Ӧûʲôˡ
صԺȥˣʱҲѾϰո»ûд·˵ߡ
Ʊþȣⶼʲôʱˣйԡ£ͷҲڽ˵׼һͿˡ
߽ƣ˵ֻҪӵ顣
ƿ۹壺ǲɵСӻҪųһЩѪģЩѪƲʲô֪
ʲô֪ҲƭȥΪִţҪסƲˣˣ
үϲƲôֻ֣ǾƲʲô
ϲǱȻƲŮӣûвϲĵվ飬й֮ʵԱ˽⣬ϲƲǣԸþһа취ƲԱڶĵλûôѾõ֤ˣֻһֱ׶ѣ׹һѾˡ
үʱҲˣ֮
ǡ̹Ȼ
һЦϣһжüƲֵã
š
뿪Ҳ˹ȥ
Ƶҩܹã˵û°̺ۣϵĺܿ죬ҩʱ򿴼ġ
ַŵ˵ڣ⿪ȥ˵ļ򣬾ʱˣһ£һ£ɵɵĿš
Ҳһ£ʣ˶ϲ
Ű·Ϳɵ
죺·˭ģ
͸ģպ˵ȥ߹ش̣ܶ·ˡ
죺үܳս
Ҳս
ôһ
ôһѾ˵·ȥ죬ǲҪҪΪҩ˵ʲôҲԣÿͿ˼ҵ˿ڣ·
Сأ
˿ϣҲ𾪣뵽Ƶı£һжˡ
˲˲˿ڣ˰·ã¿ˡ
̾ϢһûˣүҲѹɣҲˣүȥɣҺ˾ͻȥˡ
һգӡٸһ˶ʹպˣ
ҡͷҲǲֲ֪ôģҶʵҲûʲôڴôԲºȲ£Ҷôࡣ
˵߹б䣬ȥ߹ء
߹б仹г͢ڲȥ
վղ֪ҳʲôӣȥ
תˣκָ˳ȥæ˵ү̫ˣѾ˰ʬͻؾ̫ĸϣ̫
үҪڲ֡
ûͣ뿪ȥ档
ſڿϷ˶ȥ밲Ϸˡ
㵽ǿϻǲϣչϷѾ侲ֻ࣬Ҫû£Ҳˡ
ҲˣֻҪ룬㲻׷
(δ)

ʮ 빬

Ϸ˷ģ˶
תˣϷһͷȥˡ
ȷû£Ҳ
һչҪȥ߹ˡ
صϢһգ׼ȥ߹ˡ
ȥ⣬һϵ··Сģǵ÷ɸ봫ҡ
СѻͶβţºӦ
ưѶβ壬ۼϵСѻȻܾˣߣһЩ
ǡ
βУԥһ£үѻ㡣
š
Ӧ˱ת̧ͷŹ壬ǲ͹ֿģ߹£Ҫ飬ȥɣȡ
Źӱ뿪ưͷϣĿ͹뿪
ƥԶȥ֪ˡ
תƲŻȥ
·ʮȥŰϳȥ
·гĶֵƿӳ濴챾Щʱʼˡ
Ƿ򣬳һˣ̧һںصĺľײģǰһᦵӣݣ̧ײĵĸֺһ͵֡
ƿЩһȥʰʲôˣô᣿
Ǿͣһߣƴ
Ķһ·Զȥڿھˣһɫ·Ǳ߸š
Ķߵһôѹײ䵽ϣ˻͵ڹײϡ
Ʋ⣺ʲô
ͣףǲܽҵصģҲռ޳ȥŮڷˡ
գֻӵĽҰȥҰ޲ʳˣҲһˡ
ƿһ۸Ķ뵽μ;ʱǶһԡ
³˭뵽
ľ϶ǻͣһѵˡ
С겻Ϣ·ҪȻ𣬵ƺˡ
վڲԶôĿţһԲʲô
֪˶ãľһ̮Ѿճ˺ɫʲô
Ʋȥתص
·ϰƻʰھûʲô˵
˵˵¾̫̫̫˰Ѿʬϻص̫ʬ·ѾҲ̶ã˵˶ŵ˯ž̫ûô㣬ξ̫Ҳǣ̫Ҳ˿ֻš
ǻʹˡ
̫ǲưոݣ̫ǳس̫£ȥͻûˡ
ʣô֪
ûôأ̫ûˣȻǺ޵ģҾ̫鷳Ҳзִ磬ڳ֮󱻱ʬУѾһڶ
ڶû£Ʋû£»вȵĻᡣ
ͳʲô¡
òƿ˵Ůˣû׵¡
Ϣһգڶϱ㱻ٻ
μĸ̫ϡ
̫˵ɣˣеˡ
лȥߵ̫ߺѾӰˣ̫Ҫ¡
¡
̫ɫã¶ǣĸ󣬶ĸ󿴿
عܱãȥ̫⼸һֱޣ˯á
ǡ
ȥ̫̫ңǸλʢҪкġ
һῪЩҩ̫̫ԼձЩ֮£̫뱣ء
ơ˵ʵӣǻã
Ƶͷû£СҪһºͻû¡
Ǿͺá
̫Ǿöµûţվȥˣ㣬ˡ
̫ת뿪ȥ̫
ָ̫ƣƷ̨̫ȥ档
ӺæŸţһڼʥ
ȥˣ̫Ƶͷ
ϱ˵𻰡
ﲻ̫ƽҲ̫ƽϧȴǿĺӡ̫˳
˵ʧ֪Ǹ
̫ȥȻɲҪ̫ȻŹ㡣
ףô룬οȥѾȻֻƲȥ˵ĻˣҲǺ¡
㻹ףǾãƼҵѾͷҪȾҵиأȻʧȥһӣȴץ˶ģǾе³ʴˡ
ʥʥǰš
ϸǸʹͷӣ̫Ĺٷͷ̫Ĺñ
濴Ǿ̫ûд
̫Ű߹ȥ̫˫һ𣬹Ŀ̹Ŀʥķ
̫Ź£ʣǻþ̫ŵģ
ԼҪŵģ˻öԲȻʵС
ĸ󣬾̫Ǹ鳼ҲǸҳʲôأһˡ
̫ЦֻǲʵģҲֻ㣡
֪æŵǸԼıˡ
̫˵̫ˡ
(δ)

ʮ ̫Ȼ

̫Ȼйµĸкܶ鶼ⶨȻξ̫Ѿ̫֪ѣ˺õʱܴһӡ
̫ʱȻʻȹ֪ͼһֱš
ףǸ֪ͼˡ
ĸ󣬼ȻˣΪʲôҡڣ˾ЩʲôĿʲô
̫Ц㰡ʱܴʱ־޴
֮λι֮Ҫĳıԡ
ˣվͬһλϣ㸸װǻϵˣҲǻϵˡ
ϵҪʲô
Ҫƽʱ˵ֻǷͳˡ
ةһߣ̫һߣ˶Ͳǻϵô
ġ
ֻһʢ̫ƽʱ򣬻ϿԿǶ
һ·ϻõıȻԼĸ֮ˡ
Ͼؾ̫ȴҵĻʺ˵ʲôأ
˵ϵة໹Ǿ̫ǶĵģҪĲġ
ЩʱǲǺһ
ǶʱϾҪȡͽˣһǺϵһǾͻû˼ˣҪʲô
ǾҪԸƽʱǴСеˣ˿ɲǱˣǵĻϡ
ߵ˰Ե̫˲Ǻ£Ҫһ㣬ǲǵء
ðһ亹ĸ˵ǡ
֪Ϊʲôϲѡˣѡ˾ô̫ʣҡͷ֪Ҳ˵
̫Ц£°ǻϵûдЩӣҲҪմմģͱȷ˵ңȻĹ٣Ҷȥ˱߹أɲһġ
ˣܳԵÿ
ҵŮעҪµģһҪȾӿʼͷſһȥϾ̫İš
һԾ֦ͷķˡ
Ҳ룬λüΣİء
ĸ󣬶̿֡
ûʲôɻֵ̿ģֻҪסˣ¹޻ڣû֮ǰҪúÿǣҪʲô
⹬Ůɶʣµȴֻбͻ̫õĵ
ĸȻʣ̫Ҳˡ
šΪ˰ˣһҲ ΪȨˣǻˣûѪ⣬Ҫں֮µġ
ĸ󿴵ĺס
ҲȫףͱȷɣôҲǸģƫƫˣһ˼ֻΪ㣬⵹Ǵ
뿪ǰһֱסڹ֪ͱ˵ʲô
ƵЩ⣬̧ͷ⿴ȥ֪
ǰЩӴ˽ұľ޵飬˵Ҫľ޼޸ֻҪͬ⣬һжҲԡ
Ȼȣȴû뵽ʱˣľ޻Ź塣
̫Цʲôþȵģѵûô
ƾͲö˵ġ
̫˵ӣ£˵£Ȼͱ˵ѾڶȢҪһصͷ
ľִҪ޸ֻܴԶ߸߷ɡ
үǿЦģ᲻´᲻»Ϻĸ󡣡
᲻»˵˵ֻľġ
ƳĬ̫ߵݣûлؾܴˣϾǱң⹬﹬ģϣ˸ġ
ľǲϵģϲԸ䡣
Ҳ޿ɺǵ£ľ޵ĳã㲢֪
ƴĦ͸̫뷨ûлش
̫ߵݺվƷ̫ʣ㲻Ըľ޽
Ը⡣û뵽»ڹ뿪
̫󲢲ǻһľǿѰ£㲻׼û취ˡ
̫׼뿪İɣ˵ˣǷ治ףǱǿаľƸͰ ȥ
ĸöˣҲôġ
̫ŭƲ
̫ס֣ôģҲҪҸûʵȥܾ㲻ǸҲҪ˾ǲѶΪ֮ܺ˵
һǸš
ĸѵǣ֪ˡ
֪Σ̫ѯʡ
²ү˵Ҹ˵ɡ
(δ)

ʮ Ǽ

ߺĵ찲Ʊû˼ˣһ¡
һĴǹ塣
һȥһ£š
˭϶ġ
ԹŰƾͰѰ˹ʰ߹ص顣
ҡͷʲô֪ҾǴʱҲƽÿЩͬ
ÿΣƵҲ֣Ͼǧ򻯣طԭͺ֣Ҳûʲôֵˡ
ͣڣܴһЩȥүڱ߹ҲӵһЩϢ
ϢǴүȥģҲˣϢҾ֪ʲôϢûС
Щ֡
үкܶľôƶû˵
˵ҲǺֻܶ࣬Щˣǵˡ
ƿһᰢ˵Ȼ˵ĵҲʣҪ֪ȥʹ壬һЩ
ƴӷȥ뿪ԺһȦȻӺֻ˸ˣҲûã˵һˡ
ȥ˽ڼ˵Ůˣææˡ
æȥɺã
ãûôˡ
ŰƣŮһЩҲԲˡ
ûǼӣһͲˡ
ˣǾһá
ô࣬Σմһˡ
ƣûкúÿǼôžһأ
ˣûǼҪ˲֪ˣһ㻳еʱ㣬ҵĶӱ˵ĶȷʵҪһЩ
ôûҡҡͷ
ġ
ŰһԺ档
ڽС֪顣
ûܹҲ̫лһеˣһСŮӵܹǲãȻĲࡣ
ҲȰ˵ƲŴӽ
£Ҳ˵ġ
֣Ʋ֪
Ҳ֣ˣ
ǰ¹ˣ˽ˡ
Ϊ֪ûȥ
˭ģƵǲ֪¡
˵κġ
ԬҵôΣܾﲻԾ
ûУǹߵģ緹ģ˶ˡ
أ
û
ƲˣΪҪ˻ת⣬ǶѾɡ
ƳŴӽȥյҾͿİϷˡ
ƵͷϷˡ

Ϸˣ衣
æ»˲裬ƺ͹Ϸ˸ڣϷ˴ʱʲô£
ֱ˵ɣ˶ˡ
ƾ㵣Ϸ˵ˣ
ǣˣô£ǰ˶СµӣһҪΪչ˶ﲻھǣһְ˶Ҳһɡ
˻̫;̫ĻŴӦ˶޸
˶Ը⣬ƭ˵;ףǾĲмӺ֮ģҪ޸ΪҲΪ˱İΣ
ޣҲȲѡ
ƼңΪľǴİΣ
ǻʴĺѡˣܲˡ
ѾͷĻ
˴ƴȫҲҪȫȫΪĺƭ
ٰܡ
뵽Ͷ˰ɣѴº˶˵ˡ
˶һҪ룬ԵҪΪġ
лҲǼǲá
ϹѾ̫ͻἰ£֮ûнҲΪ˶ӻûãҪտ֮ϣ̫󣬻̫
չȵ˶±㶯뿪ȥ׼˶ظ
ϣ˶ûˣˣѾ˽ˡ
ʦȥң룬˲ˡ
̫˵κһֱź˶ˣټع
˵˶µ飬Ҳνӻض顣
ȥ룬κڣȴû˶
˵֪˶빬е顣
ἰκ֣˵ȷʵȥûˣ˼ضˡ
һūţнӶظ
ƳƬ̣Ҳ׹ˡ
˲ˣ֪˭Ūˣףԭڽġ
̫ϣҪܣ̫š
Ҫˣ˵ˣ˵ùˡ
Ϸˣ˿϶û£ҵҲûƭˣҪȳ壬ͽ޹ġ
Ϸ˵ͷȻ
ǽҪҵıںδ˭˽ˡ
֪ȻϷҪҵģҲ㲻ݡ
Ǽӡ
ˣҲΪҲֻܹˣ˭ԺѲˡ
(δ)

ʮһ Ѱ

ŪŪϵѣϷذɣһƴֻǽ̫ˣղȥˡ
ãˡϷתȥ
Ϣһųš
ʣ²ô
ֲڹҲǰȥ
ڹ⡣
̫֪Բ˲ġ
ǡ
˭˴ˣƴϰ
Ƕô
ţг
ǶǼٴʥּ
̫ǻϣ㲻ϼٴʥּοҵ˭κ֣˭ʥּˣ
ǶǰѽˣϽɣΪԩЩ˰۸ˡ
ûشȥʵһɱǧλϵһϯλõˣǲô򵥡
ֻûףľɡ
˺ܿߵſڣ̧ͷһۣš
ȥţܿ˳
һܼһ£⿴Ϲܼҷˡ
ƶжҲܱү
ƿĳܼԥ
ҶģܼҲģ˵Ƿ˵飬Ƕ顣
ܼҵͷȥү
лܼҡ
ܼתȥ湬壬ſڵһᣬûжùܼҴ밲ƽš
Ʊ뵽ǰȥûˡ
ܼҲҶľˡ
վڰߣõû뵽ļôˣǾôš
ƶ봵˴裺ⲻǻвˮô
УǶжǾǣ
̧ЦǿɲǶжڶǸ޵׶Զ޵׶
Щ׻ӣƾͺЦ
ҲЦˣ˵ǡ
תһ밢ǲˣͬΪǿɲôģοϹܼҲܹݵġ
ԽԽֱĿˣʲô˵˵ʲô
ҡ
㣬ҾͿԼˣʱҲһֱĿ죬һʲôлӿڳ
ɫͺ죺ڿң
ǰɡ
Ʒ²룺ϹܼϹܼҵѴλ˼Ƕ㣬ѵҪүô
ȻᣬЧү
ȻЧүǾ͸ףԽΪԽܿɹ󣬷²ֻһ棬ϹܼҲǣܱѶְڡ
ڶˣûϢ
һ۰ƣ˵仰ԼͿʼǷʹˡ
ϾǶү˵ȴ˵֪ʲô
ֻܸͣ˵ǣڣ
žУԺȻõϢ
һ⣬˵ʲôüĿ壬㲻˵ˡ
һʱ¸½л
̣ȥǲԺСѻҪʣ˾ͻǾͻȥ
ǡ
ҲҲö˵
ȥһۣȷʵСѻˣתʹ氲ơ
С
վŰȻȥ
ǡ
Ƴţ̴ܼӱ˳ѯʰƣȶˣ
Ȼȥˡ
ƳŴŰ
ܼҿ˼æȥʱ鷿
үˡ
̧ͷôˣ
ǣۿߵġ
ſ飬鷿Ըȥֿţκ˽ô֮ˣ棬ն
ܼ΢΢һ㶣ŴӦ
үլʺ񣬺ʱ飿
ն
ǲҪɱˣ
뿪鷿ֱԺܼҿۺԺХķХرأҪֱͷܰߣ
վԺƣҲȥˣˡ
֣Ұɡ
ţһ
κ΢΢ͷūҲɼĪ֣
֡
˵ţѾХκæŸ˸ӣū澼ү
ˣȥɡ
ţɫ㻹ҪҪ֮޹ϸҸѾѻ˵ˣĸƭңҲŻΪˣ񲻹ǲΪ˱㣬Ѿˣ㾹ƭвκ֣ǲǺˣ
һʯɫ
ƽʱĿ䣬·Ǿ¡
Ҫһ·˵ֻлʹ˲УȻУҲ㴩ģģ̫ˡ
ֻĽķݡ
ɫرϲģƫƫľɫ
˶Ź˵ʧˡ
(δ)

ʮ һԩ

䣬̣Ҳɼĸ˵룬Ͱѱ䵽߹ȥ㿴ĸĽרڼҴġ
ĸ˵ס˶ñȥ߹ش̡
Ѿȥˣһ¶ûһսһô
Ѿ˺ӣȻˣĽҲû˭ԭԳȥ겻û
Ȼ᲻üСĻᣬȥʲô߹ش̡
ô˵Ҫȥ߹ش̣˺ܺƭرǹ˵ʲôš
ʹʲôһ¡
ô˵ʲôš
ȴ
ӵ˭ġ
뵽ڵȣȥֱ۶ˣû˵Ҫȡ
һͷŭ
Ǻ£Լ
Ʋ
˻Ʋһŵү̶˵̸ֻֽͬЩ鱾ϵһЩ£ĵսϣ͵øˡ
˳ˣȻû˵һ۾Ϳˡ
ôƲ㲻һа٣Ҳ
һô˵˷Ըˡ
ô˵Ͳˡ֮ǰ¹ǰǾǷޣҪһЩӣʱͬ
Ѿѻ˵޸Ϊ˱ȻһʼƭģҲûҪڸˡ
ôˣһΪȡӣĲ졣
ǾһڼţѾϰˣСϰѧգñ٣游˵ѵõĺӣϧ
֪˵˻̸Ŀڣ㲻ȥܶطʶ㣬ոǿҲĶ֡
ȥɳ֮ϣԴսغϣδˡ
һŭѾͷ㵨ҳ־Լ磬֪͵ĵߣھȥĹ졣
ˣҪ뿪һż󺰣㲻Ҫ֣һүһɢү㲻öˣ
ˣʲô޸֮Ѿɵˣ
ףÿ춼գ׼ҪƷҴô
ŭˣ˰벽
ʣʼײ볯Ϊ٣ȥ⣬Сѧգ֪֪ͨʣҪʲô
ıô
Ҫıһˣɵô
㡭˵Ųᣬϲֻ̣Ƿѡ˺
ͨô
ô˵
Ҫ
תҪߣ˼ֱţ󺰣ȥ
ˣȥſڣ׷ȥסȥ·˵סˡ
ȥ
ŭɹּ
侲ʡˡ
תȥ˵˵
㲻ȥˣ
˲Ǻ˼ˣһ˵ͷˡ
תŭһ˿ȴһ
üЦĵĿȣҲ˼֡
Ҳࡣ
һ뵽Ϊˣһתȥ
ŹȥʣѶŪȥˣ
ţֻ޳ȥ¿ʼŻˣһըˡ
Ϊʲôôҹˣƾʲô
ѾߣģȻȨ
ǹˣǶˣ㲻οǺܿҪˣʱҺͶҲûϵҲҪ뿪
鱾ûдӦǲܡ
ΪΣ
ż룬͹ǣҪȥ߹أʱΪҳˡ
˻ˣ롣
ǾѾ
˵飬Ŀ˳Ϊǲˣˣ㲻Ҷ˵ˡ
ҾͲ˵ԵˣǾ˵˵㲻룬֮ˮ˵׼һ쵶ͰѶԷˡ
˵һޡ
ǱãһȢӣϲ赶Ūģʡ
˭ģɫһĿ
뵽Ѿͷĵô˵ֻ
˵Ȼ뵽ģ˭̸Щ
ţߵǰͷ븩ӸͷСˡ
ʲô
˺ˣס
㣬ʲôס
û˲˵ʲô
ΪʲôҪ룿
ϲ
ϲ⾩ǣʲôϲϲ£ý֮ԣĸ֮˭ܴȥϣ
Ļ£ǻϴͻ飬ûϲǱϲôϲ
ǳɻʱ򻹲ˮ𣬴ʱǺܺã

ƿԣҲУ
(δ)

ʮ Ϊ 

ʣѵϵĻΪ֦ɢҶΪʼãͲΪҾТˣͲЧһˣ
޷ǻһַʽѡ
˳һ᣺ǿʶΪүôһˣ
ôһˣΪӣȥ̣ȥǲЧңǲ͡
һȥ̣ô죿
ûкҲЧԼӣЧҴô
Ҵ갲̩ô
һãȻŮ˵飬Ȼǲͬҡ
ûʲôͬǿʶѡ
һЩ˵뷴˵ʲôŹвʣ
ǣһ¶ˡ
һᣬ˸оЩұͺܽ嶼һˡ
뵽뿪
˵һȥȴסˡ
ſң㡭
˶м㡣
һ࣬ʲôҪ£Ҳûоܾ
ʰɡ
ͱȣñһֱڹڻǡ
ҡͷ˺˲ܱȽϣҲͬ
ôͬѹеĲ죬Ŭƽͣ׷ʳ滰
ȻҲû뵽Ƕ˸˼ġ
ҴСһ𳤴ҲûãҴ࣬˰ѧϰҲܳԿ࣬ڱıƷɣҾƷá
ҼǵСʱڽ棬ĺӱ۸ȥæ
˿Ѿͷϣ
ǱأûƷ
ҡͷƷҲãԾ
˲û뵽ûס
ʣΣ
ʵһ֪ΪˣȥҾǶҲû˵ȥһ̣ɼƷҲã֮ˡ
ֻеû˼˵
Ϊ˱⹬ɣ˲˵ҶլʺҲǴҹϵģȻǲ
ߣѧбˣЦ鲻
Ѿͷһ仰ܸ˼죬Ѿͷ
ҡͷҲС
ʲô
ʵ
üлᣬһҪһϸ£ʱ˶ǲǲ
ЩôôɼܣҲû㣡
ûңҪѱˣҪȥ
Ҫǿʶ֮⣬ûбģô
ôˣ
ûе£㻹
ԸûУҪС
Ǻ룬ûϵͲ
룡սһ
һҪôôңҪ롣
Ǳ˶иӣȻʵʵĸӡ
סˣھҪӡ
˱ŵòᣬ˫ְס֣Ҹĸĸ˵ġ
ǱͰԴˡ
һͷһ˵ͣס̧ͷһɵ
һ£ûٳԳԺȺȣܳԵĺóԵĶˣʳﶼǻ̫ʹ͵ģЩû
ԵԲˡ
˿̿ˣ񿴾Ů
ε촽Բ˫۾ĺҹգʯˡ
˳һ˰ڻҪŭԲѶ޳ȥ˶ΪǸͱ룬ȻɱɣɱҪɱš
һᣬ˵ͣӣ֪᲻ôɣҪ
ת˵Щ£ˣһǲӵģ
˻ṬưѶŭ´׵Ժȥˣ˵Ѿĸ˵һ˵ҲһӦ
֪Ϸ˻ơ
Ȼ᲻ãǰ˷ſˣתߵһ£ָָ̣˵壿
㽻ҵģֻС
ȻǲģģҪѧˣӮˣǲǣͿأ
ʲô˼˲
˵ǰЩӿκһΣҲ棬ҪӮ˶˶£һɡ
һ˶Ҫǻ뿪ǱҲͲˡ
Σ
˾ÿԡ
ǰƸƵģûм˻棬ҪӮ˶ǾͿԺˡ
ϾҪǲϺ룬ҲǺ롣
Ҫأ
룡
㷴أ
Ϊģڣ
̧֣׼ơ
(δ)

ʮ ˵

Ϊˬߵǰ̧žһȥ
ţס˵֣˲ΪȻǹԳ
ȥ
š
ߵһµȣŷԸ˰׼õ
ܿ˵ǰ壬˰ںãȡ
Ҳɣ˼һ£һ
⣬Ǻˡ
Ȼ֪ذܵĵûѣȻµġ
һȥеסˡ
һǰӣС
㲻ô֡
棬ôһ㣬û뵽ҲѣֻǶԸ˶Щѡ
ںƭ
˹̹ɸ봫ϢÿԼϰ
ĳɹ
ƣԼʣӡ
֪ȥֻ䡣
ˣ£ߣҪ룬Һĸ˵ˡһѹ
ӣֲܷ֡
˶Ҳǽ֮ô˵㻰ʲô󽫾ȥʲô߹أ
㡭һ޹ʧˣ
Ըķ䣬ٰ㲻ԸҲֻܴӦʳԶʡ
õĴ𰸣Ըԡ£ҹҪ¡
ʲôһ֣Ҫ£·
ˣЩûϢˣձϢ
أ˿Ǵֻ˯һˣûеڶŴˡ
Ȼͬߣԭ˯ġ
ʱ˯ˣ
ǵ˯εġ
Ҳ˯
ȻǱȻ˯һġ
ǲС
Щ֪룬ҲͨҲͨ
˵°ͣ˶һ걾úҲҪ뿪ɺã
ү֮һŮ֮ԣ˵ȥЦ
˵ɱ顣
ǿһ㣬в
°ͷſ˲֣תԡͰţŵ˲֮Դǿ½ֱӽԡͰŵתһֱ
աˣ˯ɡ
˷ŵ࣬⿪ᣣ±۾
ŤͷҲûףֻĿͨͨ
ҹ˲˯ţһֱû˯Ĺ۾˯ˣ⿪
㱧ŹŵæȥźЩ
ûѣҲװ˯š
ƻȥͿʼˣβСѻ棬˾ڶХ
䱸ɭϣҪʱ䡣
һպ㹻ưš
֣׼Ͱ˴
ùţƿʱȥ˶ĺԺ°ȣ˼ֽȥƵǰȥҶ
ƽżСѻлж
һжڰƵƿ֮С
һ֣ձôˣ
񡣡ƶŶ
˵񡣡
һµġ
˵
ǼƲ
ҪжѾӵĸּ⣬˶
ŶǱˣϲϲ
лл
£к£
Ҳ£ԭڽСǰ¹˽ˣҪˣ˵ûӣҲˣֻðҰˣȻǵһҵġ

һЦҲ֪⼸æúܣûüȥӣͳˣһͽѯ¡
ü۹ҲѾɹСѻˡ
ǵˡ
ǵ͹˰û뵽ôͰˡ
˵ȻǱӻˣǱ㲻ˣȥĵطҺˡ
ˣǾãߵĺã
ܼҼæȥˣ˺Ժȥˡ
ߵХ湬һ£ŷӦſôˣ
æţһȥͿһЩˣܽȥġ
˶
صûˡ
Ƴţſ棬ϹܼҰ㻳ûУŰϳ˵һߡ
ƽ￴ڳˣ˸˵ƴ˸ơ
æű죬ƽȥ¡
뿪Ʋ˵ϷģƽȥҲǽ˽ȼü֮ˣҲˣҵ˵ˡ
ЩҲû˵ʲô
ǰһ³ӳƽаȥͨ
氲Ʋ˹
˶ˣ
ŮϷ˿Ƽڶֳ࣬棬Ů˷˵ÿ˶޵
Ƽ˵˼仰תȻ
ջȥҵϡ
(δ)

ʮ ʱƶ

ֱԺžҪðƣƼվСѻŶβһҪֱ죬ƲǶ֡
Сѻת۾۾Ҫûˣɵ
ƽסСѻүĶ硣
СѻŤͷơ
βͨԣȴܰݵŰƵȲ˲䡣
һ⣺ôԺǴ
˶أ˸ƽϣȻ㡣
˵ҪҶɶƵȻ
˵˶˴ߵģȥұҪ֧˰˶ߣд£
ƲʣǶ˵ڸƭ˵ģ
㡭ʧȥ߳ŭ˰֣ʮѸٽţ׼׽ðơ
ƺһǰסˣ˭ҹǵ˺޻ء
£
ŭһӵϡ
ϴӿƵǲˣֻ˶࣬¶̥
Ҹط㡣
׼ᣬŰץ˹ȥ
ǧһ֮ʣŭү֪˺ݡ
˫۵ԲΪҪץʱһȺѻ˲Ѱưס
һ£үˣ
ҲһѻŶȥѻл֪鲻ãŭѻˡ
ˣۿѻȻ᲻ڿˡ
ŵһ亹ûôĺѻžͺˡ
ϵѻɢѻصƵļϣѹİһ㵹ȥ
վȰƿѾס
Ѿϰ˰Ϸһв˼飬񿴵ѻȻ𾪣֮ܵҲܿ졣
벻㻹߽׹Ϊˡ
ûа취ȻҪ鷳ҪϣͰˣŪץˣ£ǺҲ¡
ȻЩƲΪ˲ŻƵҲ⡣
ֻûЩ⡣
ûѻѻүأ
¸¡ѻ¸һ¡
˵үûߣҪ±ң뵽Ƣʱ
ߵôɾʲô¶û֪
ô죬ѻ졣
οѻԴѻļһǧﶼΪ
ǺͿ
ƶԶҲûƢ
䲻Ŀ˵㸮˵ģ˵㸮˴ˣǻˡ
ղ߶ȷʵҵˣڶҵģڽ
˵·ˣ֮µ˽Ŀݾ棬漸ű˷֡
ϷұҪˣҵ飬ҵ˻ȥ
֣ȥǲѾȥˡ
һתߣһ
ѻҵүôƻؿѻ
ѻ¸½УƵͷȻˣѻھȥһҵˣ֪ͨңҪȥ²Ҫ˵
ѻˣѻȺҲһˡ
פһᣬСѻ֪£
СѻûӦ˵첻ˡ
СѻǲӦſ˿Ժĳ棬Ը˹ܼʰŰȥˡ
Ƹոյ˹ſڣͿͶˣһƿӰûȰƿ쵽ȥ
һ˵㻵˱ĺ£ˡ
ƲڹߣĮˣֻԴʵǲǺ붼ҪҪǶǷжǷж
ʲô˼
ͣ£ǰĺΧûˡ
ƿۺʶļߣߵһĵطͣ¡
ʣζԸǮ
ǵǮˡ
Ǯ˿Ǻ£Ͼ˿ڶ࣬Ҫѡ
˵ɣǮǮ
ָ̧֣ͷ
üͷ
ܻῪЦʲôʱٹ
ʮȻôǮҲû취ʮӵ
ƿԲ۾泩
ʮһݣԿǣҿνġ
ȥں˰̣漴ʵ㵱аգ
Ȼ
ãʮ
óīǾͷдһǷˡ
ɫʱ̶׼Ʊ
⵹ǣֻʱҪ˿ҩҪõġȻǲ˼˵ʱơ
(δ)

ʮ ̫

īֱӸдһǷƿһۣպãһȥ﹬
·ϰưѽҪ߸ʣ㱣֤Ҳ
Ҫʮĺ׷һλܱ֤Ͷӡ
ֻһЦŲͣ£棿
ӲͷƤͷ棡
ǺãˣǾ͸׷һλ˵˲俪ʣǱƭСӣ˵ûз
ƸںĿɿڴҲУ
Ȼеȫӣ
﹬ƺͶȺ̫һ²ƵĶִ˲٣Ȼ
ȥһ̥ȷʵ١
ף˲ͣɡ
̫ʾ⣬æŸ׼һӣлȥ̫¡
վţϵۺͻʺҲˣһߣá
̫ʱһߣź񲡵ĲᣬƿںղҲ֪ӸϷ˿ġ
Ϸ˵ϣ˶Ļ£ҹ¸м㡣
ϵΪѣǳҪҪĸ
Ϸˣ£ĵҪͶ˲ſɡ
ϾⲢδ֮ʱ
ϣ˶ǽҪ룬ϣΪһҪ˶Ҫ˶ȥ
ϣ˶ܺ룬ֻ־ˡ
ϷƱҪ¹
ۼϷҪ£ӲͷƤڵϷˣ
˿ƣ֪ʧݣݣļ¹ϵشĸ̫ϣʺ
֮УľǹݣƫƫʹЩա
ǣʼҵˣҲ˲ٰݼ
̫Űɣأǹ£࣬𣬱һּ⣬ӳǰ򱾹йݴˡ
Ҳˡ̫ˡ
Ҳ˰ɡ
Ҳˡ
ͬϵۺͻʺȫˣˡ
ô˵һֵõġ
лĹϷˣϷˣյĺ룬Ƕı⣿
ı⣬˶ҲڣôٱԸأΪ˹ϷѾȥˡ
ƿŵˣٿһʧļٵĶ
ĸ󣬶ʴ£ϾԺѲЩ飬Ҫеģʧְ
Ȼˣʰɡ
̫˰֣ƴӸ̨æߵ̨ϣŰߡ
氲ƿϷʣϷˣҪͶ룬¶պܿࣿ
˶ԭҲǲԸĻµģ˵ͬ޸˲
ɶƴ˶Ҳο
˶˵Ϊ˾Ը׶֮ˣֶδ˶ǰûУûУؽҲС
ȻûУ˶ֳôĿ࣬±հɡ
ƿԶʲôҪ˵
Ųһˣ˶Ըķ䣬ɻǵã
Ƶľ£֪Ǻá
ֻǴӦ˲ߣû˵˵ڣȷʵӦˡ
ƿӹ˵ࣺĸĸϣϷ˼仰
ʰɡ̫ȻǰŶġ
ϷˣϷˣ˶Ը£ɷ񲻺룿
Ȼ˶Ը£˵
ϷΪҪˡ
ˣ˶֪ģδ˵ϲĻ
ϱ飬˾
ԭȱ֪Ƕˡ
εȥڱǰŪǷǣҪñֵܷĿ˵Ǳʲôֻ֪Ǳ˺κˣֻܼװ֪
ԸϣǶ˶ĺøУ˶ĺñġ
ֻǱδ˶ġ
Ǹ׷ˣϣõǱģϲΪǱġ
ɱ֪ǱΪģڱߣΪ쾭塣
ϣϲ
ϲĺã
ɵڱǰһδγű˯ţ豾ʱ򣬱ڵѪܡ
ʲô̫ŭ
̫ɫҲ˲ѿ
ƶΪ֮ݡ
ү˯ŴǴ˵ԸǾ£ҲҪġ
ǲˣǲܿġ
(δ)

ʮ ذ

Ȼ̫˵ʲô̫˿ڣҹܼҲϣȻ˵飬๼ּ⣬̫̫ʮƿںͯûʮԼ̣󣡡
ūּæּȥˡ
̫Ȼôˣ΢ӹУȴҲм֮ܲӣʮЧȡ
칫ּ̣
ūּ
칫ּȥ졣
Ǽʶˣ⹬Ȼ顣
Ҳǹùô¡
ʱڳ֮ˣ߸ϵĻϣһ˶Դ¸ϵ𾪣Į
·̫һ£˴޹ء
رǶҲ±Цˣ˵ںҲ
˵ˣ֮ԸϣǱϹۣƭˡ
ܣôԱ
ǡ
ϲġ
ֱ˶֣ı˶򶯡
˶ãĳ
˵ϲɱڸϣ˶£뵽˶뿪ȥһ𣬱Ҫ衣
Ҳ֪ôˣ룬Ҫ˭Ұ˶ȢߣսɱɺӣҲҪ˶ˡ
ǡ
ԾûУֻڱߣÿҪĽ
ˣ
˶ȴҪҪ˭ĽҪ˭˭Ҳֻбܿ
Ϊˣû˶Ҫˣ
Ƕ˶Ƕ˵Ҫǹ
˵һ˫۾Ӿ͸ƵķӦ
뵽飬ߣ̫ˣȻҳү˯֡
ǺһЦˣ˶ģ˵ʲôҲˣǱϧ˶ģӦл

ŷӦ˵׼˶룬Ҳ뿪ܺһ˶˻ҲҪȥȫʬ
˵ʲôҺʱ
ֹȥס˵˶ˣǱãл
ү㲻ҪŻˣ㡭
Ż˵ģ̇ͷ˵ͷķ
һͷ˿£һѴࡣ
ү
һʹˡ
ˣ룬뿪޸
ѪѪ
żס֣ᵹ
ϷҲһǹɵ
̫ҲŻˣ̫ŵöˣû뵽ôȻ
̫һϲ˹ȥ
ٿüͷ˵ǼҪ˵ġ
ˣ
㡭
ƿ޺
ǰæȥ
ȸֹѪ裬Ŷƽɣɨ鹬塣
û˵ҵġ
ҪԸȥϴٺҽܸҽҪڻһ˲С

ϵϴ٣̧棬ˣʼ
ҽȵһָźҽ£ܸҽֱ֮ӹϵΡ
ͬЭܿΣա
ЩֻǺ飬ңǸ˰Ѫġ
Ϊľǲ£Ҳܺá
ЪţŹ
ôȥѪҪġ
˴ʱŽţصĹ㲻˵ˣͿ޵Ĳӡ
ȥ
̫һæŹʣˣ
ĸ̫ϣѾΣգҪ˺ûһЩӡ
ǾͺáȻ̫˵Щʲôϵȿڡ
£ϵۿѩ׵ĹϷˡ
Ϸˣ֪ۣܿǺŮ˵Ǻ£οǿ룬պˣҲþͱȶá
ԣǻУޱ취Ǻ룬Ϸ˿ɺã
ּ⡣
Ϸһ£ҪǱ˶¾ǧˡ
˶ȻԸ⣬Ǿٸһλᡣ
Ϊ˶ȥҲǻתˡ
ҿɡ
Ϸ˵ЩҲжһЩ
ȸˡ
Ϸ׼ˣ̫˵Ϸ
òץᣬ̫
ƾ֪ûô͹ȥ
㣬˶黹û˵ءʼҵϱɲа۵㣬һҲû̫˰֡
̫ϷˣѯʣϷˣʲô˵
̫󣬴ҥ֪ôȥ㵱ˡ
ȻһˣչҲǹˣѪգⰮʡ
Ҳɼϲ˶ϲô˼ʡ
֪СڹѧϰգǸȫţСϲ˶û˶Ǹ磬һֱu巸磬֮䣬Ҳˡ
̫̫빬ǻᣬҲǾЩģҲһ֪ѣȻҲἵʰɣ
(δ)

ʮ ؤ·

̫ͻ̫ǻ𵱳һЩ棬뵽ȷʵҲйǸʱ
µҲö˵ʲô
ǻ̫ϷŹᣬ˵ǼȻ£Ͳòˣرȥǽ黳
Ϸ˵Ȼһȫƾ̫ᡣ
̫˵Ҳżȱʹ˶㲻٣ûʲôûʲô̫ںˣԲŻ˲ľԱһ֪ѱ㵱˰ɡ
Ҫǵд£ǱҲֻñˡ
֪̫ץСӣǼ˵飬̫Ҫ飬ҹ鷳ˡ

Ϸ˵ǲ⣬
УҲ֪ܻ̫ô˵Ҳɵ
һж˵İοΪذɡ
ϷˣȻ£ȻأͶԺá
ˡϷ¡
Ƶ˲űȻѾΣڣҪԴһӲУ˵ĻЩģϴζ£β֪᲻¡
ĵطҲ벻𴦡
öͶȥˣȥҲ鷳
Ȼԣܸҽ㡣
̫£̫󣺡㣬ҿ˵ļǡ
ǾͰ˵ȥ죬ƣǹȥ⽻ȥҪرأö¡
ǡ
˺ͲصĶȥ
˹ ƽһЩ飬ҪõҩﶼˣЩ鲻ܵڶҲú˽Ӵǹˣ˭ҲҪš
㣬ΪҪţѵҪдүԽ̬ء
ɫǵǴζô
ǴΣ˻ǲǵˡ
ƿǴȥȥ·ϳµǴΣôͲǵˣ
ˣѵҪɫ
ʵõطΪҪöȥأƷʡ
ҲǴ֮ˣתһԲΪ˱
û˶Ұ㲻ˣлֱ˵ҺͶҪģΪס㣬ӦʮӣҲŴӦæġ
ƺ̶ǿ˶ҲڰԼ
Щ£Ҫ¶ڵġ
ɲǿŵˣͷһȰ˵˵
˴˿鸴ӣһòүʮǮ
Ǯģֻ˵Ҫڼϣû׼ĿˣˡƵĮ
̲ס˼᣺ү̫ɵˣ
ƾͲǲɵˣԹǴҪɱ˶ץһЩ׵ˣѵΪ׵ˣ
鸴ӣȻץˣҲ˳ıĸ˵Ƕ۷ƭ˵ģҲû취鵽ıֻɱӺ
ûϷ˵ĺܶԣıûһ֣ҼүڣǰĿ£룬Щ˿϶ǸүȥˣڶԸүģ²ַҲܿң͢Դֲֻᣬһ顣
ҵĿǱʹҲ̫ƽү˵ܶ˲ֵš
񾩳ة̫࣬ҵĽȫԽǰԽǰӿ
үûµʱЩǾòżɱΪҪԸҼү
񣬶£ǻתעԸ
ôˣɱǶɱ˭û
ңҿ϶ҪȶԸǸ
ԭΪûʲô£ǲżԸ
Сգһ·תɼһ㡣
ǰҪɱȻǳԿˣǱ㲻ġ
ζ£ǡᣬǻô
׹ˣҲҪκˣѵǻô
죬棬˱Χ˵Щʲôڰü
ûеͷ˵ҼǵͷĿǰʱ䣬ҪɱңǸ˴һŹߣһҾʺң˵ʶҡ
ҵļ׵ˣʶûж٣ǼǵңҲûж٣
ʣһ
ţϤ
һʧ£ҵǲף㲻ıҲδز֪£С
ƵǺ˴ǰࣺû
㣬ģһö׼κ˿
ţ֪ͺá
˵ͣˣ˵һһСҪĽлӡ
ƺһͣ춼ˣҹģʲôлӲ˯ܳˡ
(δ)

ʮ ͷŶص

Ǹʲôģ
ʣ˼ҹϢǵʲô£
ô̫̫ʵΡΡġ
˵û
Ǿͺãݼһֱ̫̫׳
ƿ⿴ȥ̫̫ŵĵȥȷʵһֲ£ؤ硣
̫̫ͷϻһݣһͷĹȣȺǽֱ߼֦ߵĺ⣬һ«ӿҲꡣ
ܾЩûʲôľͲ˵ˡ
ǽʲô
ǽʲô
ѡ

ȥŲã˵
ǡ
ֻܲ
ǰȥŰƺٺһЦ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬿ȷʵǵˡ
˵Ǿ˼ң˭ģ
Ȼ˽ģôƽ׽ϣʹ㣬СС
ߣ˿
СлӰѺ«ӣһС˳С߷ŵϣٳŰƿոһᣬŤͷߡ
ɫһʲô
һЦ£
ߣʲôҲ
Ű˹ȥҪ˵
סҲ
һץסƵļһ䵽ϣˤòʹ
ʲôֿ̧ĵĺڶӣ
˵֪ҩȵĺ«
ˣ
ֱ£ʲôˣ
ʲô˲ҪոòҪġ
СһжץСߣȥƺˣһСϣСغ
ϵСܾһҧסСסСĲӣŤһ𣬺ܿСˡ
СߴСĲ뿪ܣһ
Բ۾ӵɳҲûãܿѪˡ
۾תȥ
̧עԼ֣̫ˣȻǱɫһؼʱͷŶϡ
Ƥϣ·϶ǡ
ڣϵ·ûжء
Ķôģ
ƷԸ͵طգ졣
ȥСǰУƴ㲻˵ˡ
ʼʲô֪һֱŶ³¿
ƻһ
ʶ̬أ˰㲻
³
˳Ѷ˽ȥ̰ţȥһǧٰΧֹ˽룬⣬ûţűϱõƲܳ
Ҫݼ˵ȱҪϱңûҵ׿ϣڡ
˳룬̫ͻ̫Ȼǻʶ֮ˣһۿˣżȻ
հϷ˳֮Ҫ˵ġ
ȥϷˣĸҪչ˶·ǣûл
ϷĿ⾼ɫϾ£˶ǲΥԾá
ǡ
Ůڶ࣬Ӷڱ߹أʱϹͼʹ˲ˣ඼Ůӡ
һƱһ
ڳ˿ת˺ԺĶԺ
Ƹȥһᣬտ
㣬㲻סڸô˱ȥˡ
Ҳã뿪ȥ
ҿȥ棬ԺȻЩҪǷֱ֣ûӦ㻳УЩ˵Ҳ֡
ƵͷҲá
ưŰȥȥһ¡
ҹرҹơ
ûнţſһϣŽȥͨ
һ˵ˣæŲš
ƿҲһ֣ôˣ
ҳӣ˼ԴΡʢˣһ˵ŮϮŵøʹסˡ
ݸ¡
§ס˰ֱۣƹɵĺܣ緹ô
ûԣˣ˵ˣû
֪´Ǻܸж
ǳԷɡ
ƾסͰ˷
ȻǺġ
ϷΪ˸мƵĶ飬ȻҪġ
ûоƣʱڣȻЩ
(δ)

ٰʮ ̽

Թƾȥˡ
Ѿˣ廹ЩǷѡ
ҪȥϢҲȷʵˣһҹûкۣ磬Ѿ͸֧ˡ
ڹš
˯ţӣİѪ
ѪƣΪʲôô
ΪҼүȻΪ˶Ϣǡߵһ£ֳͷϢ
˯ѣһ˿ڣ±ֿơ
ؿˣ˯Ҹˣٴҩ˷ˣ㶯˵ķˣǲҪˣһÿ鿴
һǣЩ
æ֣㲻ҪĻûأֻǲܸ㿴
죬֪ˡ
˿ƣ㣬Ϣɣ¡
ãڵء
ǰ˵˵ĿҲ˼֡
֪ˡ漴Ըˡ

׼ԵģҪ塣
ǡ
Ųֻܶÿ
嵽ʱ
˵ӣɫ˳̧ơ
ƿ۶ɫ
үҪˣҪ£װ㲡ĲҪͳɡ
ˡ
˶
ҼȻӦүҪүߣͲᳯĺģүġ
ɫԺת˵˶
ȥҹ˵ȻҪ̽ǲıһЩ
ү˼ǣ
һˣûվ˹ȥ˵ľӲҧһ£ֻҧһڣһʹͷſˡ
סӣ˵Ŀʲô
һ֪ˡ
֪˲ǺЦƣȥҶţ۲켴ɣｻ˶
á
תȥ˺ң˷Ըȥɣš
ǡ
Ů뿪ȥ˿ϵҧۣͭһᣬˣҧһɫĺۼŻЩۡ
˾ѿȥһɫ˿ֱӰסˡ
ʱҲ
ȥ
˶
Цݸ֣ĿᣬƵλøպÿõľٶ
˵
á
ȥ£ŴϿȥһ£⡭
Ҫ룬ϣһʱ嶯ˣҲΪҡ
ǰ˵ȥ˶ǰͷŶʣǶô
סڹ˵ȫ͵ˡ˵û
ˣΣǰЩӶȥҹңҵֱ۴ˣе⡣
үֻᣬ֮֮顣˽͵
ȴҡҡͷƿȥ£һȥ
˶֪ΪҪȥй
ѵϲȥйȥʶʶš
ҡͷרעˣ˶뿪Ȼܣҵٽ뿪Ȼ⵽ܾ
ֻȥɽȥй˵
룬ҳɻʱҸ˵ġ
˾ɵҲôˡ
˷˰죬˵ɲҪô˵ȻҪ룬ѾǶȻ֪ǻ˵á
Ǳϲˡ
ҡ
˶ģ㿴ôΨһڣȥйȱõԸҪ׵ʱʲôˡ
˻ͷһŵĶѹôȥˣǲ򵥣źʵȻĳ˼
˿ȥ˵˶ǲǸ

ûش
Ƕһ£㲻Щ˵ӣҲԲǸ򵥵ˡ
һǲǸ˽ˡ
˶֪ǳ룬ǷŲ¡
˵ǵĿ۴ϣҪȻȥźá
޶ԣתu巸硣
Ϊѣһֱ㵱Ҹ磬ǲǺҺ룬㶼Ҹ硣
˶Ըһаã޺Ըȣһ
һϵӻһ£ȥȥס
̧ͷʹࣺô˺㣿
һãȻæס˲ӡ
ǹġͼΡ
һתסɣ۸㡣
æŰӰڲϣĲã¶һƬ
(δ)

ٰʮһ Ժ

﷢˰죬ת˲ֵĺۼʹ˼֡
˶ʱˣϴȥǰѽǸģոҪˣҪС
ȥȡ
ȥȡ˰Ʊ֡
ߵǰƺܽš
ʱҲûԶſڡ
һᣬǳΪʲôƫƫ㣬һ꣬ΪʲôҪ˶㲢ϲȴֲϷ֣Ҳˣ㻹˺˶пʲôģ˶ôã㻹ҪǲǺģ
ü˵һתˡ
Ҳû£뿪ˡ
˶ſڶ㿪ˡ
ûȥתӡ
۾ſڡ
߳Ҵ⣬ɨ飬ȷû£ּΧûжذƲתȥӣԼȥеط
ȷû⣬ȥ棬ȥ
һΣүҿɲ֪ϲңҽҲ˵ˣҺֻùϵ
˾ȥɱײȡ
ү㲻ܺȻ˵ϲңûʲô顣
Ҫѱˣ˵ûв
ƿԣŹҲĸί
£ʲôϵ
ƴȥڶ£ǿǲǣ
㲻ǣҲͬı
ƿˣأ
ҡͷһҪֻ֣ᱻ˻ɣ޴ȻǣͲ֣Ŀɣڶʱ̫ŹˣѵֻΪ˿ô
ƵͷףΪʲô̫ôϲˣ;ȣ߿ˡ
֪һЩСϽƽϣȴԴΪصˣôȣ
ʱ侲ĿȣǾãһʶ˶
û˵ʲô˵ﶼҪ
˵ǣ㣬ô״ô
ᣬǾ㲻ǸĻҲ⼸첻ܵġ
İɣһ᲻ҹŶټûʲôµġ
ⲻһܴˣҲܰæʲôҪСġ
á
ƿһ۶תţȥ֮վԺ̧ͷǿա
ûзֿôã֪ҹʱơ
ҹ
ԺȻ˶βȻӴˣСѻҲɵ˴ڡ
ڰʱһ֧һڴϣֽһ
֪ãһС
βѸٵƵϣƺСѻ
СѻҲˣ¸µĽл
Ҫ¡
һץסСѻ˻
֪»ˣԲôŵġ
תưѴϵıһˮ棬˵СѻһСҲҲҪ뿪֪»𣬵ңһǳȥ
Сһʱۿĵ
һţԷͣѾȼ˴
һ󺰣ƣҪơ
죬찡
æµ
ס˱ӣ߳ȥƿѾϵѻ¸µĽºѻǳҪҿԳȥ
߳ȥ ڱӵķ϶濴һ棬Щ
ѾҳһţӦ˲ϾֻаҪȰơ
Ƴ˹ȥû£Щ뿪;ȥķңѻȥġ
̧ͷҵȥǣҵ
Щѻ¸µĽһֳżķˣʣƣû£
û¡
˵ǵȥˣ㲻Ҫ£ܿ
ˣ᲻ðơ
ˡ
תŹʣүأ
ھȻûгŮżֱޣˮˮ
ƿΧȼգЩл͡
˶ڲڣƳ˵ȥ
㣬ߡƺ°ƽţ󺰡
Ҫ뿪
һæ߹ȥŹ
ʲôżĿˣ¹¡
һ§סˣ˻ڻֱս
һӷ˳ȥ
̧ͷһѸٱ˳һ߹ȥ
תߣŷֻ֣кԺһСˣĵطΧ˵Ժӡ
ѿЩǳġ
(δ)

ٰʮ 

ûºܿۼһ𣬰ƿˡ
Ӷ٣Ѿˣû£˰˰֣רŸиϵףƴϣöΧƳһӣҾ档
˿۰ƣ㲻ҪߣںܰȫҪȥǡ
ƱһٴĹߣһ
Сģ
ת뿪ܾˣⲻˡ
ΧȺÿƿϷҲսվڶ棬Ѱƾ޵ˡ
벻Ѿ͵Ϸˣս׻ô硣
ϷˣԭҲûʲôϷû°ɣ
õĺܣСˣȻҴǹˡ
Ϸˣȥˣ
ûѾˣҵˣҲ˰ҪȻ治֪ˡ
ϷˣȥϢǻ
áϷ˴Űȥǰﰲżڼҵжš
μĸ״ˡ
˰༸վݼ
˵Ϊˡ
Ϸ밲ƹȥߵһߵ ط¡
ϷҲ롣
Ϸ˿۰ƣȥˡ
ƿ⣬ȿڣүϷˣǲô򵥣Ѿӽˡ
ϷѾ˾ǣһƸߵ֣ҩһԸٵ
ϹܵƷϡ
ȶ˵û뵽Ҳᷢǹ۸ҹûˣҪҵˣϷôǡ
ƴʱҲڵȡ
һʱ˴һͷſ˽ͷס滹Ѫ
˭ģһ㶼ȡ
ҪսѪȵĻ棬ʱҪˡ
˵uǡ
һ£Ķүոռӷⲻõ
뵽顣
վϷ
ƿɲļƣҪȥƺҲ˵ȥ
һͷһͬʵ
үҵŽɣ߻Ҫˣտ
Ҳá
Ҳǿ󣬴˺ǿͷֱӽȥˡ
ûҲˡ
ʱڱԺƹȥš
ƹȥˣֱˣʣô£
uҪ˶㲻
βΣƾҲˣҪڴҪиڡ
ûж
Ƽһ£ȷû
Ҹһ¡ӣ¿
Ҳˣ˵ʱ
ʣĹƺû֪
ûп۾˯ʮְݡ
֪Ը˵Ҳ¡
գ˴ӹл
˿Ƹ˸ӣ㡣
˻۾Ծ°£뿪ˡ
ŰƲһսס
סƻϴӳѾˡ
Ů˵ƣոջŷ䣬һвҵ
İɣ紵Ұղլʺǣδػ˻ϡ
ǱߣϾ֪ˣˡ
ûд˵ط˵ΣҲˡ
ʼҵ鲻ô֪ģѲһ֮ϵ۷ǣҲĴм
˵ϵ۲ǸլʺĻʵܣҲôľ
Լ嶼ܷŹһ棬µİ˭ţΪ;أ
ϵ۱ȻΪ֮ЩµĳǣҪ±֡
˯һᣬȥϢʱӦòȥɣȥ˲Ŷԡ
ţ߰ɣؼңҲȫ
ŰȻ˽
˯һ˵һҹȫ
ƾ㵣˵ʲô
̾ϢҪ˵ǻϼʴȣǰҪŹȴɱˡ
ȥô
ȥ˹ѺĵطǴԺڴԺܳ£ʲôطǲܳµģ
Եǣƣڹ֣ǣ½䱸Ȩ㡭õģ
ûʲôõĵģ㲻ǿˣѻڱôϵİҾûʲôµġ
׻˵Ǹǻǻ㲻
þסϲˣ
һ㵣˵ƣþûô˵ˣﰡǺأ
(δ)

ٰʮ ޿ɲ

һ죬û뵽´½ء˵˵Ǹʲôˡ
ʲô˵ģ˵ˣȥˣ˺ԼҪտڲԣ֪Ҫǲ˵ǾôҲ˵ҲͲڶʡ
˶ˣڴԺôģ£ϸֳơ
ҲΣǶģȥˣ鲻ôһ¡
ˣ
Ƹˡ
ٿˣȫˣ
üȥ⻰˵ģٿȫչôҵ˲࣬ʮĶˣЩ˱ɢˣ˴Ժֻҵ˲Žȥ
Щ˻м굽ʮһĺӣһȫˡ
£ݺҪǻϣŷ¡
ƳĬôݣҪʲô
ɱѵܳȥɱڶ֣ʲôĿأ
ƵԺκִ
μκִǰ
񡣡
룬ڵ
ƽֱȥʱ淢
ƽŸ˸ӣϱμùá
תƣ԰׵һĨʹ̾Ϣվ
ɡ
վȥųЦӻңиء
ùõȻиˡ

ùãʲôô
үȻСģȴǸ㲻ˣǶˡһ߳һ˵ϴ
ǰǴСһˣȵ۶ǰ˵ҲֻǵʱűˣΪȵ۲ǸûʵۣǾҪȡ֮ϲһĸǾ˽ڡ
ҲƫǵģǼһˡ
Ҳÿ˶үû׳־ģΪһСֻܺһ
ϧûа취ǡ
Ȼ£æӸ˲ᡣ
ĮȻŰƣͽǲǣ
ǰƺЦ
ʣ˵ǶβܲԼߣҿһԺУ
²УǴùϲϱȥβǷԸڴùõ߱㲻Ƕϱ˵ˡ
㰡˵ˡ
һЩǾ͹ոŪһֻ
á
ƴӦųȥη
ȥͣʬ氲ƿʮڵţϸŰײ
뿪ƴһߵ棬תƿ򳤹
ôүŹ
ǲŹүүԼˣ㿴Ƕ˵ģȫǵģһһˡ
ɲͨϰա
˭һЭȥأ
վſûȥ鱯ɫ԰ס
ߵǰʣѵʲôץвү
ƣЩˣǻʲôвүأ
תϸ룬ЩڵѾȥʬ壬վ벻ֻҡͷ
үҵȺȥѵӿʼҪүһƳȥģĴ򷨣ȵ˻ϵʱ򣬻ʣʲôˣ
Ҫ鰡
תȥ棬κִ˳߻ϰƲ鰸ӡ
ƽ׿ʼϵʬ飬жҶ˵ġ
ǵӣʱҲĸԸġ
ʵڷѽ⣬˶ЧǸˣһǺѵҲǱϴˡ
Ҳ̫ˣ
Ƽӵȥˡ
»ô˵ģΪģȫٹˣְֻ˰
κִЭƵ飬Ҳֻ
κִ˵»ûйʣƺڵҹһû˯
أ
ʲô鲻
Ƴţ˵㣬ҪЮʲôһСԾҲҪҪЮأ
ƾʲôأ
˵˲鰸֪Ϊʲô뵽ң뵽Ƴ
ɱΪƳٲ־Ҫɱأ
һ£ϸ˼֡
ǹؼôġ
һЩΪˡ
վڴԺſڿ棬Ҳ֪ʲôʱۼһЩˣκִЩǸʲôģ
⻹֪²֪ô£Ѿֵ˾֪ˣǲ֮ͻаˡ
Ҳû취һҲ참ѰӽңֱλЦء
κִһɲ˵Ļ
Ҹ˵ʲôƾͲˣѵɣʲô֪
תƻصԺȥ
ڷƳһϵӣŰơ
ôˣ
Ǻܴݣ·˵֮ǰʱҲ
ȴ
(δ)

ٰʮ ʤǧ

ųʣùã˭Ļ֣
Ҫ֪ǻүһҺôլʺǿɲǣΪûǶʼԼʹɱˣѵ˵ǻһС¶ô
˵ˣõŵʱǾãòŵʱǾ͸Ͼɱ
ûˣɱˡ
˱ŵ˵ĺá
ү˵أ
үԸסܣأ
ǲһģÿ˶ĸԸȥΪ˱˵ȥġ
үγǺأ
ֻǣһʧȥӣôô
Чҵĸʲôʢɱ˲գ۵ħ
ֻǣûа취˰ɣ
̾ϢƣعɣűͣԽϣȻס

Ȼ֪Ҫʲôǵʥ
ϵۿͣͷȥɣ߳޺ܸм£Ҳ
ϣɷ͸վĵڣܻ浽ʲô
ϵͽƣƿˡ
ϣܱϡ
ϵ۲ô
ϣ³ҲΪȷʵԾģʱϲ඼һʱʱҹʱǸʱڳ˯֮Уû֪Ϸ֣Ѿ޷ʩȡ
Ϊɱ˵жı£ôͬʱɱôˡ
ΨһĽ;в
ʲôвү
ʲôвүȫң
ϵϸŰƣ칫칫æˣųȥˡ
ϵ۰ָƣ޿ɣþûˡ
סⶼʲôʱˣ˼˵Щ
ϵģȻڲͬ
ƲΥסϵ۵ɨ
ڵĶûˡ
Ʒſ֣ϵĶˡ
ôϵ۵Ǻƽ
ү顭
ƣ²֪˵ʲô㶼ã˵δضԡ
ӷˣΨһİ취ǰѰӲ壬ڣ޲ΪѣӸˡ
Ѿɸ봫ޣ͡
ϵһֽƣæŽӹȥ򿪿
ּ޼ֻ˵֣Сٽƽܡ
ȫޡ
̧ͷϵۣϣô
˰ɡ
ϵ۷Ըȥһ
ƿŻҲ֪嵽жı£ڱ߹أͰֽ͵ˡ
ҪƥҪٶȣƿؾÿһ
Ȿ˵ĺء
Ī˵ŴǸִҲٰɡ
绰ȥռߣڲڷʱء
ϣȻѾ͵Ϊûд٣Ǵ㲻ȥôƻѯʡ
ϵ۵Ȼ޲Ŀһ۰ƣΪ˵޻Ҫ͡
һֱ壬Ҳ̫Ҫʲôͣ
ϵרעһᰲƣûʲôת˹ȥʧҲֻԼܶ
ˣ޵Ƥӵ£Ĳףν˻ô飬ȻҪģֻҪô飬ʲô
ԭǸǿүô޵Ļ壬룬ĺ飬ʹޣ
ʮڿɱ
꣬ѵͲɱˣ
˵ûĺݾ飿
ɱ˺ٹ
Ƶǲ֣Ȼϵ˵ûô࣬ܲܲ׵ıԩˡ
ƼȻǸǾЭ飬ˡ
ǡ
칫Ž룬ϵ˵޵ּ⣬Сةฮٽƽ
ǡ
칫æȥƲϵۡ
ϵ˵Эɡ
ϣСܰ참Ƶ࣬С참飬ԭļﶼûҵ
ϵ۵ͷҲɡ
ܿƽ
˽ּƱųˡ
·˰һЩЩûв鵽ʲô顣
ưѲ
ǲΪȻһЦô
ƿˣº޺ԽˣԽǸݾĽɫ
񾩳֮в̫ƽſʼ
־ʿҲΪ٣참Ҫ˵ĽǲУΡǾǸо̫ة࣬˲Ҳࡣ
Ψ
ɼȷʵһ㡣
ƽһߣ˵Щ۾ʲôӣ
ɣ۵Ѫ˿·ܵ˾ţЩֻ֮ǰϢı֡ΪҽƱȻߵ۾һѲ
ƽͣ£ˣ˵ɱô
(δ)

ٰʮ ɱ

˵ʹûɣҹɱˣˣһﾪˣ׻ôû뵽ء
طʲôܷˣ
ûڱ߹صʱɱ˵ַ˯б˲ٿأɱԼļˣȻɱƽܶԴǺ˽⡣
ͷһ߰ɣȥһ¡
Ƹ뿪ʹȥԺ˼飬˴λûʲô
ΧûʲôȻɱˣûɱˣɫ䵭ƺȹ廹ѶԸ
վһߣȻ֣ۣȺ仰һ㲻١
Ҳðһ£Ǵν˽ȥСƽȥġ
ǱǺѣǵʱС˵ĳ֣Ҳǹ׼Ŷԣ
κִתȥ£ҲЩˣȻϢ
Ůȫ˹ȥ
Ůҹ̸ƺ˯ǿŮ꣬رŮͣﲻζ
뵱ͬŮ޸壬ҲΪ˻ӡ

ʱ˯ˡ
˯һᡣ۰æŸϱӣҪϢ
ȴˣȥϴ˵սϣеʱһֻ˯ʱڶһ
սϣɲǣûд̵ʱ򣬵ҪϢ˾׼ʱȥ̡
ΪȻϴ˻ͷŮƣǾãΪ˴İȥ̵ģǵ֪Ϊ˻Ϻȥ̵ġ
껹ʱ򣬺ͻϳ֮
ԸΪ˻ȥ
㣬һоͶΪ㡣
ûֻҪƽƽģ֪ˡ
Ůû£˭ҲܰŮô
ҡҡͷƣܾ㳤˱ˣǵ֪

΢΢ʧ񣬰İƵļ򣺡ţǸúӣ

Ʋ˵İƵĻ˻ȥ
űԸųԷŰ˷ŮֱԺ
·ϲٰѾʼ۷׷ףйػϵһױһ顣
˵ޣǲ
ʮֲ죬Ʊ㱻Цˡ
ѻϵʲôֵܣ
Ȼҵĺֵܡֱ׳
Ǿб𰡣Ͳ˿ʵ
ʲô£еֱǣ
ƺЦǵҿ˱һȵȨƣһηηβ£ôΨ첻µزأ
ǺһЦƣƢˣ²д
ôֻǺЦ۾ľǿɲװġ
ǵȻġ֣ĺЦ
Ůһ·̸Ժҩ䣬
ԺųѾæµˡ
κִ񣬱ѰƺͰ˽ȥ
棬飬һҹĲʣֻһ˼һЩľ⻧˼ҡ
ȱʻһλͷ׵ˣʮ꣬һ˫ֲֲڵļӣѿǸɻܶɽҰ
ھ棬ɽЩصĴֻ
Ű£˵ǰϣǻæµʱ˺ٵǰҹʱһʱңʼŻˮͲˣŶü꣬Ҳ֪ǸǸʲôһһҶȥɱˣң˯
Щ꣬ƱЩԣȥ˼ңҸ㿴
һƵѾ˹ȥס˵ɨ裬Щĸ꣬Щг嶯Ҫɱ˵Ľꡣ
óһҩˣǾİҩ裬ȥͺöˣҲҪȥˡ
˵Ҳ˵£ӵ࣬˵ܲ˵ԹãҲҼҵͷӣ˰˯ã˲جΣμһЩϵˣͷˣҸһЩˮźˡ
£һԵİ֡
ӵͷ
Ʊʣôˣ
һ߻վŸʮˣĵǸɾ״̬Ǹˡ
ģɵӡ
ҶӣӣЦˡȽͣҲΣæŵǸ
֣Сʣġ
ûʲôǳȷʵͲ࣬⺢ӿϳһЩҲЩ̫Ŀɵġ
ǱŻˣСʱڼ棬ǱҰҰܵԺײˣȫѪˡ
֮ͳˡ
ôҿ
ƵһûУȥסԷ֣һ顣
Ǳŵˣû⣬ֻҪɣ취ԡ

ӾŵĲᣬæߵǰ͸ƹˣѰһ
(δ)

ٰʮ ֤֮

æŷȴ
֪ʲôˣžǮˣ˵һǴӺԶĵطģһλ˵ģ˵ʲôүӣȻûҲҪн鱦С
û취ھסĲסţʱ׬ӣϻȥסš
ԭȺûˣЩǷ¶ޣ֪ȥ˶ٵط˶ٴ򣬳˶ҩ
Ϊܰ⺢κã߶ץɻûá
ˣ첻ˣҪˣ⺢ԸտԸҲС
ŲԶġ
˵иŮˣͷۣ̤ŷ֣ޣרҽɵӡ
Ǿˣ¶ûţҲ֪סʲôط
ӿ޵ϡﻩƺһꡣ
κִǱﲻסЦ
ҪЦˡ
ƽֱܼ޼ɵЦ
ҲˣǸǧ˵ģͷۣ̤ŷ֣ǵޣ
ôҲ˷Ĵ󽫾µ˻Ϊ֮ɽ˸
һһЦֹסˡ
ƴʱҲ꣬ԭųӡ
Ҫ˵ʶǸģҪβӣҾͰǡ
лллл
л
ɫλЦˣ˵°ɡ
Сȿڣ֮йǵĿǵļġ
ΪβԹٶлпĶ
ǰɡЩΪȻ
ʵһֿܣ˵йϵ
ڳ˯ʱ˴ߣ׽һҵ״̬Щȫɱ˵ġ
˵ʼˮ˯ߵãó˯е˽˯״̬ôʹķ꣬Ҫɱ˵ģߴүҪ˵ġ
ԭƾͬǶıǵֿ
ȻԲߣҲûС
Ҳܽˡ
ֻǣһ»Ҫ֤
תͣʬȥҪ֤˲֪
ҩæŰȥͣʬ
Ҳ½ȥ
ϵ·ר׼Χȹ
ҪǺ¾ͳȥЩˣ¸Ųе
ֻʾڿ߲ߣ㲻ķ֮ˡ
ߵһӵߣԸ˰̧ŵľϣԲٵҪʡ
ŵˣŮĴӣҪ
ȻҽҲ֪Ҫˡ
æȥ˵ƣɲҪôԵġ
ⶼûµģİɣٽҵȲȥʵڲУùɣʶ
һ̲˵ǵһ߿ţ¾ͳɡ
š
Ʋٵͷʼ֣һ˵ͷ­Ѫȳ˷ָ
ԭҲ̲ס˳ȥ
ƾȻԸ˳Ҳˡ
һʼ滹ˣֻʣ˰һˡ
ſޣܳȥŵֱ¡
ƻΪתʱӰһתڡ

ƣϴϴ֡
սʲôû
˵ҲһŮ˲Щġ
Ƶͷ˴ˣȥϴϴ֣ƻָԭӲȥ͡
ʱ򣬲ֹͣתġ
ϸʱƳٺܳһʱ䣬Щ᳤ָ׺ͷ˿ΪķԴڷ࣬ġ
ϸĻԾ˯֣˯źģǾ˵˯ŵʱʮֻԾģҪƽĴ׳˯ʱҲࡣ
񾭶糣ϸһЩ
֤˯ģģֻҪ񾭵ĻԾȼɡ
ֵϣ˵˯ʱ¡
ĶصĦ˵ܵĳɵƵš

˶һĿŰƣһĿɿڴ
ʶòҡͷ԰ƻŲ˵𾪡
˵ڿȷʵɱˣôҲҪҵǰ١
ûתȥ˺ӡ
˼ңǣôȷģ
Ҳ룬ɽҰô֪ģӦýӴġ
˵ɺˣʵԭȼʦģǰǰˣʦҲԶһ
˵ϳֵĲǻֱ治
ǳɻǻᣬﻹǿԵģҲֻǺˣˣ㵽ɽǻˣھ͸ˡ
óġ
˽ͣҲˣΪʲôû¡
Ҳ֤뷨ǶĵϾʦĺˡ
ʦرһܡ
ʱܲʦ͸֪ҲŴһһЩⷽ츳
(δ)

ٰʮ ĴԺ

˼ңһȸӿЩҩãȿȰһڡ
˵лˡ
š
˵ȷˣδؾҵû˿ǰ٣Ҳû˼Ǹˡ
ڲ鲻ò顣
ɱȴܷ֤Ҳҵ֤С˵
ȴҡͷҵ֤ûţطֻ֪֤˿ƷΪ̫١
һ˰˵ʰɡ
˿ƣվ
ҳȥһ£Űɡ
ƳŰţһȥõġ
ǧСġ
š
ƻصţ¿Сѻ
һ£ܺĶ﹵ͨѯʣСѻһᰲƣɸ߰ԲӦ
סСѻ죺ССѻˡ
Сѻһ飬ܡ
סĳ򣺡ھʹȥ
βһ쳤ץӰһСѻСѻŵø¸½С
˵ȥûѿǰ˵ٵġ
ɿСѻķˡ
Сѻʱͻˣ׼֭СѻСѻߵֺ
һߵĶβĿһۣſȥˡ
ô
ʣСѻ¸½С
ƵͷȳԣԱ˾ʹȥСȥƽܣ׼ϣȥҵٵˡ
βȥ˸ˡ
ҹˮƻ
Ƹƽһš
һٸģƣ¾ͲҪȥˣȥ
ãģȻа취Ը
Ʊ٣ϴźɫĶ£ñӸʲô
ƽܿ۰ƣģڣ¡
һһۣף㵱ǹҼҾƣ˵û¾û£һûˣ
ưҿһȥɡġ
˵Ů£ġ
סƣһ̾ϢŮ⺢Խĳˡ
Ƹƽһ·ǣڳſͣһ£ڳſڵȺ򣬿ƺƽֱӷС
վڳ¥ϳ濴ЦЦ
תˡ

ƱŶβվСѻ
ƽܣһɫĶ£ͰһĴ硣
ǳĬԡ
ǰмֻѻһ·Уͣ棬ʱʱĻͷƵ
ѻɹĵطǰС
һΣһʱһլԺֻѻվլԺ档
תƿӣˡ
ƽ³ƽܰѰƵ࣬Ҳ֪ƽһ·ûģҪġ
ƽǺ⣬Ҳԡ
ƽ̧ͷ˿ԺӣԵΪѣͷ۰˵£ҽȥҪȥʱһȥ
ǲɣһȻҪһ뿪ܰһ£Ҹһȥ
ȻѾȷ˾ȥǱȻҲҪˡ
ƽҡͷУ£ҴҲ㣬˿ףѵҪҷ߱ô

һʱ䵹޻˵ˡ
ƽܿҽȥʱһǾߣ벻
ǡ
ȻðգӦҲʹ졣
ƽתƣȽȥҡ
ûܣԽȥŰҷŽȥ
ҲΣգҼȻӦ˰㰲ȫȻͲ¡ƽҲں˵Ž䣬ȥ
Сİɣ
ƽһ㵣Ůˣ鰡
ƾᣬˣѵ˵ԼҪȥģô˵ҲǲֳĴˡ
ơ
ٽءƽܿ˵Щʲôϼɫѡ
ƽűտڶ࿴һᰲתȥԺǽ
̧ͷĽִʱ磬µġ
ֻϧҲûı£˵ȥȥˣ߱ڵô硣
ҪҲѧöá
ϧڻУ˵ȥ·ǿ⣬һСҲҪˤͷ
ߵѣҪˡ
Ƹоãһۣߵһȥ
ƽܽȥˣƿɲġ
Сѻȥ
Сѻȥˡ
ƿ۶βҲȥ
βһգ۲ˡ
ϵһȥҪ˷֡
ǡ
ưٱվլԺ۲죬լԺЩŹ֡
ĿԺˣȴûſš
ѵ˵ﱻ˷ˣ
˵Щ׼ˣҪ˿ճǼƣ
(δ)

ٰʮ һɽݶ

Ʊ˰ʱβȳˡ
һεˡ
æűβŶβСצӸ
βжˡ
ƽʱĽⶾ裬β
β˻ѹƶβίߴߴУƱβ࣬βſڰƵĻͰ͵Ŀ۾ҪƵġ
۲ѣǲǳˣ
β˶䣬֪˵ˡ
жŶԡβѶβŵҪȥβæһצץסƵȹӰסȥ
ͷƿβҳ£
ߴߴ
ССѻû£ƽܲܣҲܲСѻ
ҶԣСѻҵĺӣ˭£ҶܲܣΣҲҪȥġ
ûޣտˡ
βˣᶼ͸ģɼҲͨ͸ġ
βҪ˵ţʱҳԿһɣмǲҪȥң٣ⶫµĺܣԲܻլԺ
βŵ۰Ͱ͵ĿŰƣƣһҪСġ
鸴ӣǰ˲࣬ȴˣﶼ
ôж
İɣһû¡
뿪һΪѣá
ƽܵĹ֮ϣȥû
СѻҲ棬ҪǽȥҲǵ¡
Сģ
İɣ㱣Сǻ
ǡ
ƱȥլԺǰ棬լԺǰͣһ£̧ͷ˿ٵĲӡ
һǿХլԺһ±
һֱס٣һְϣһ
ǰɢٲݿݽߡ
ƿȥ̧ͷһطǹ죬ȻֶҩѹС㲻ܳˡ
ԭŶϵñӣոյķñѾˡ
ƵҲ⡣
ͷϵ׹Ӷһ£լԺߡ
ֵǣĶðٲݿݽˣԺĻľȴ涷ޣⰻȻ
ȥԺܿտǰߣվɫ·Ů˿ȥʮ꣬ò绨ҹϺķ⡣
˫ǰòĳŰ
ƿŵʱÿһһֻȥ밲ƽȥ
ƺЦǰŪһ׸ʲôҪʹ򰡣
Ľţȴ˵˽ȥ
һɽݶҪġ
ʵоõլ棬Ѿ˶ˡ
ֻԷҪŪһ°ˡ
٣ϣһϸˡ
ҲΪʲôҪƽԭ
٣Է˭лȻˡ
ߵһĺԺΧгΧţûʲôˣֻжӿţŵƣſڵĵһˣ¹ĵƹ⿴ƽû
ߵſڣ档
һˣǰһѹ١
ٰûʲô̫ĸоϲҲһѡ
ļٺãҲĽ
Էʮ꣬üĿ㣬ƫݣʱʮָ棬עŰơ
ƵǶϵ·ܸȤ·첻ӣֿʽɡ
ˮɫӣʲôûؿ¶˴Ƭġ
ƲǺáɫǿƮƮˣ뵽һ仰ƮƮ
˭ƲܰҪ
˭ҪȻˣǾ㶯ְɣϲ٣پҵġԷҲø
Էţƾ͵ñȶԷҪţȻͶԲԷš
ŶҲϲ٣ҪˣҸİʬΣǰʬأ˵˳۲һǰ
ӺܴһǺܿտ˼ӣʲôûС
Ҳ֣ϾӴʲôУЩ䡤̬ľϲŪ顣
ټլûطԷûط˯ˮûУǾΪҪɱ׼ġ
˵˾ӽˮˣھǣҼֱɱȥɱˣǶʡ¡
£鷳
ҪǻҪ尾ˡ
ƿȥԷһЦҵ٣ҵˣû˻ٵȻзҲӲġ
ϻ˵ʼɡ
ԷǸӣƷú˵Щʲô
˿ſ£ٷźÿԷϻ˵ֻ֪£Ϊ˭һǲģ
ΪһСΪôԷЦ⸡֣ƺȻöԷ⡣
ȻԷ˵ҲиҪ˸ߡ
á
ˬӦԷһ⡣
ن£ʼɡ
ḧ٣ˮ
ԷҲ漴٣Χݿʼķѡ
(δ)

ٰʮ 

ǰȻŵðˡ
ʵǲģӳڴ˸
һͿǰһƬ棬żİףԸ˿ȥ
Ҳȥ̮լԺ档
òҵصĵĵط˰ѷƿƾȻ棬ΧǷ棬ӷվΧһָָһط棬ѾҵĶҲˣҵС
һŹȣıŮ
죬ҵָţԼȥƵǰվš
´һȷû£ŴŰҪ뿪
ƽܾ˰Ҳҳָָһط
ȥһЩҡָţƴӷ߳ȥʼСѻˡ
˰ûҵѰŵòᣬæȰ뿪Ʋϡ
УСѻˣҪҵС
Ҳǰ취תҪˣȥ׳£ҡȰ˵ţųȥ
ƽܺǸʦҵˣΨСѻ
Ʋߣվվš
ģڰƵţҲʮǳָȥСѻ
ˣƱٻصŵȡ
Ҳһꡣ
ʼС꣬ꡣ
˰ӪկŴǷ㡣
ڱ棬β￴
βȵϣҪǻǻȥ˸Ҳһġ
βߴߴлѹ
ϢһᣬʱͣˣƴȥСѻ
˶ȣֻаƱŶβңЩŢȹҡ
һΣ⺢ʱеɵ
ƽѾⶾûˣǸʦʱҲѾˣҩƣֻܿŰǣʲôˡ
˰죬ҲֻͣĿҡ
β뿪ڷ濪ʼǻ
ҵһطʼ°ǣ߹ȥβѾ˽ȥûжöβ˳ѾһϢСѻ
æŰСѻߣβж£æűʩȣŪǱ
صﰲƷӣѪβСѻ
һܿûˡ
潹ѣҲ֪ˡ
Сѻ˶ӾȻһֻ֣ѵûκá
Сѻ¸Ƶˡ
ѻ۾Ǻģ
¸¡Сѻţܻ졣
ö˵ѻүүģǣںҵѪ һֻġ
¸¡
Сѻܸˡ
ҲΪˣϲ㣬Ҫˡ
СѻɵƵļϣȥҶβNɪ˵㿴㶼ûһǺ˵Ѫҵ۾ˣҲû졣
β˹צֱ̧ӰСѻצ棬ֱѹСѻϡ
ߴߴһСѻȻͲNɪˡ
֪β˵ʲôСѻܣСѻС˵ʲô
¸¡
ŶӲСҪôNɪ㣬һû취ˣֻ͵ѻҪ
Сѻû£泩˺ܶࡣ
ϢɣҲҪȥˡ
ƿӣһ۾Ϳվ潹ȴİ˵ˣһȥɡ
š
æ۰Ըȥˣ˺֡
صŰƻ˾ǣƺƵģϰƸ߰ɢҥԳȥʿıɱˣΪľү˵һЩ׵飬ɺ˵Ѿץˡ
ƽǵʱ򣬰ǳȺӵվţ˵ʲôĶУǸץ˿ɾͲˣ˶öȥǸˣ߷ǰ١
ٴʱѾƣʣһҡ
ʦӷŭ߾Ūһ£˶ȫͷʹѡ
ǴˣСˣľͿʼ󺰴ƾѾˮɣľˡ
ȻҲʲʲôҪʵġ
ƵǲЩˣ֪£㲻κִ
ڵǼҪȥҹ壬ǺѾ̲סҪȥ ˡ
ѻû
ƼŻԡ³С˺κִѾˡ
氲ƽ˵Ƕ̥ҪԴһ£Ծͻȥˡ
СҲ˵ʲôѾĲ࣬񾩳Ҳơ
뿪ȥԺ
ƵˣҪȥһ˴˸ľ˹
(δ)

پʮ£ϣ

ǵǵĸŰȥԺŰæʰƣƣĶ̥
ƭǵģǰ참Ϊʲô̫ԩˡ
ּҪЭ참ɶҰġ
ҲԼˡ
úе
úϢź㡣³£æҪȥˡ
Ű֣Сֵģһºء
ͣ£ʰƣʲô£
ȥһˣȥүǲģȥ
һ׵ŮҪȥŮʱŵ޴룬ȻҲܾ
ֻŻŤͷȥҾˣҪǵȥҾͲԷˣӽʳ
֣ⲻҪѵôȥ̣Ŵʲô֣οЩȥҲûôЩζˣŮģСӸˡ
ŮĶˣʧˡ
ôһŶдŻҲҪȥҵģʱͻСûлȥġ
Ҷˣҷţһȥô
Ů˵ʲôʲôȻЩʧ䣬ŮһͺˣɲҴ⡣
治ǴǾǣȥ˺Σգ˵ˣʨϻҲ
ڼҰɣ⻹кء
οҲûȥһʲô飬еô죿
ݺᣬ
¾æŰ£㲻ôǽܿ޵ġ
˵ˣҳˣҪȥģεĻȥպóȥ
ҪҲǲУһ˵ǲĵģ㲻ܵŮô
ȲˣҶμˡ
죬⺢Ӿ̫֪ˡ
ƣǵʵŮҲʲô£ı´ء
ȥȻҾͲԷ
Ůô˵Ҳ˵ͨƱ㲻˵ˡ
ļ٣ڰƵǰȥһͣһ£һ۰ƣ̾һ
Ʋﲻסųǰѽżˡ
ƣҪȵ죬첻ȥҡסƣ°ѰƸˡ
Ҳ죬ʣģ
Ϸɫ˵ȻģֻҪͷɸ봫ʲôʱҪպţҲȥ
УҾٵ졣ƴӦŷġ
ƣƢһôǿ
ҲƯŮӡ
⵹ǣﲻƯģǸ£ˡƵĿԶͲ˵ˡ
ÿİãǸ᳦ˣһǸйµˡ
뿪Ȼ˽ȥȡ·ŰƣŮ͵͵ˡ
ߺľҲˡ
˰ľĲ죬ԴӰϴαߣû档
ܼ˵ýΪ
Ҳһˣŷɥ޲ŽգΪ˲š
ر̡
ر˵һСµ飬ץ˸ʦ
ľ޿ûʣҸʲôˣºҿûϵҪɱҲȥɱˡ
֪ľ޶԰ص黹ǹڻƵҲԡ
ҲҲģ硣֪ľҲ֪ʱľ˲ֹһΣ˺ܶΣ档
ʵǹЩ䡤̬Ů˵ĴҲԣ˭ľ޷Žʹ˭һٴ壬˭ƨɶۣ˭ҲҰľ޷Ž
ƽľ˶֪ôء
ұ绹ģ˭֪ڣµľ͸Ӽèľ޲˵İһ۰ơ
ȥ£ԵģǳԵİɡ
ľ£¾˵ôʲôǲʲô˵飬ҪҰ㣿
ƺǺһЦ㵽Ǻףȷʵмù飬Ҫæ
˵ɡľ޵Ǻ壬ƾϲľ塣
ô£ҪȥҪţѾ˵Ҷ̥ҪԴһ£ҲҪҸ˼ٰҲС
Ѿҵ˵ˣͬߡ
㻹Ҫסҵ
ľ޿һ᣺ô֪һӦ㣿
оɣ֪ѣڳ˶ʶˣ˿ҶӼһ㣬Ҳ棬ҵֻ㡣
ľ޷޻˵ˡ
Ҫǲͬ⣬ҾȲȥˡƻûİ취ˡ
ľüְҵ֪ˣҼҾ֮ʱ
˵ˣ˼ϴ˯һ鱻¹ڻҲӴȻѵҡ
˵ĻˣǲǾ㿴
ڣҲĳЩϣѵʺͳԴ׻ڣ
Ǿÿֵˡ
(δ)

پʮ££ı

ľɫĺܽƱ磬˵ľȫˣͲ¹ˣ㻹ȥڶôˣ㲻³£
ߣԺǼ棬Ҳû취鷳ҶӣҾû¡
ҪǾû£ǾͰ˵ɣν
ľ˵ˣҪȥ·ƽд˷Ÿˡ
һ׼ãƵ졣
ɰѰżˣŹϢһֱûС
Ƶûţ˰ɵһڽӵ
ǹ۲һǸ׳
˲ɵƾڸԡ
ҲǲҪյĵطƲ¡
ðſţʲô°Ͻš
еĻ˳Ƶһᣬ˽ϸ۲죬һЩ飬ǺԺ
к㸸ĸˣүүһǺһ󲡣ʲôǵˣѾû£ֻǼǲˣҪúТǣΪ˺ܶࡣ
æ˳ȥһһߺүү̡
žͿһϷޡ
Ϸ޿ӻ˵ˣ־ϲ˱һޡ
ƴһ˱ͷʹޣο
Դѧ
ⶫо
û°˹ȥǵԼʲôˣҸȡһкˡ
ãá
Ӧž͹˵ϣźҲ¡
һ˹˵ϣƿͷ
ллˣллˡ
ǻʲôˣҪҵûͷۣҲûޣүԽ͡
һŰĿɿڴ
˵ҲףùܼҸһЩӣǻؼҰɡ
ôãݺᣬͷһβˣǮգǮġ
ûʲôõģǮǻȥҪǮŰɡ
ллллˡлĲǽй˳ڡ
һЦӸǡ
ƾ¾ǿ֣תˡ

ƸճţͿһſڵš
һ֣ûߣ
ǡӺɷһڹˣӸƷˡ
Ƶͷ֣ǲȥô
뿪Ѿ̫ˣ;ȥ֪ϹͷвУҲߣжǾôˣûб
 ֪᲻ɲҪˣʲôٻ
ˣǺڿ죬ܸɺܶֻҪԸǣǾǵţҲԸ⡣
ںᣬܸɺܶĻǡ
˹ŲƲľܾ˵ǾɣĹغܶ࣬Ҫѹض죬ȻҪǸߵġ
ǣһúüסءǼ˵Ķʲô
ƿܼҷԸܼҰ˴ȥųȥ
ƽѾſڵˣæǰӡ
ƣҲǵáƽŲȥ
żˣҲ棬ĸеǣĴҪȥ߹أ
ȥ
һҪСģ;Ҳȥԣʮֲ⣬ûлЩǲŵģƵĵӣ֧֡
κΣǹܲ˵ġ
֪ҲͣľޣһҪװһ㡣
֪Ͳعˣ⣬˼ܺԼɣŸӣҪܣ¸ҿûϵ
İɣ㡣
ƿƽƽҪһЩرҵ⼸Ҫúÿ
ӷģƽһ״¡
ţǺã߰ɣǻҪ£뿪㣬˶Ǿͽˡ
İɣһᰲѲӵġ
š
ƽã뿪ǡ
氲ƴȥ˰׼һ˵תȥ˳
ƽ˫ַŵǰŰһ·СģĪ¡
Цˣ֪ˣƽǺ܆£ȥסҵ
ƽ֪
ƿһˣӣϳ뿪ǣ߹ء
֪Ůŵ޴룬׷
ȴƽԺУߡ
İתָƽÿþҪӳȥ
(δ)

پʮһ ү

ƽæȥס㲻Ҫ
ƽ㿪ȻҪӳȥˡƽŮһǸӡ
˵ҲֻΪŻƽ
ƽ£֪լʺ
ʦȥ׷Ҳ˵õϢ׷ȥҪӣҲҪǰнеģҪȻҵ̫֪ȥӣʱ򣬻׷ɱ
һеæ˵ҾͰнС
ҲУ㲻ȰŻģ£Ǻú˵
˵ʲô˾׷ˣھȥ׷Ҫߣƽ
һƽޣŵˡ
ʲôҲûȥұȥ
ƽЦ
תƽ˵Ѿүϵˣү˵;нӦҪȥˣҲû
ô˵ôô֪ɣɸ봫ŮûлأѵŮϵˣ
Ҳô˵ġ
ƭģҶţѾͷҲǣȻˣ
ǴƲƽѾͷͦģ׬Ǯĺܣôͱƭˡ
ƿҪߣƽ֪סҲƭˣԾʹӰסˡ
ܰɣôܣ
ŵã˶
죬ɿҡæҪƽƽ
ˣˡ
ľţɿţһ棬תȥֵס۾
˷ף˷סǰõģľһ߶
ŵæƿƽ㵽һȥˡ

֨֨˵壬ƽ˵ľޣ㲻Ҫ˵
ľһ˦ˡ
æźһ
ƽһУ͸ҪƵʣô죿
֣ʲôô죿ʲô֪
ľΪأƽһΪѣҲˡ
˵ô죿Ѿͷúõ㱧Ҹʲôˡ
ǲǽҪôƽһΪѡ
ָָſڣȥú˵Ҫȥ˵
ǽ߲ߣ
ߣʲôȥɡŭˡ
ƽתųȥ
ɫɫ˲٣Ժȥˡ
ɲЩֱȥǰš
ҪȥŮһжҪ
ȥ߹·;ңԶҪȥŮƽƭġ
Ҫȥһϣ߻ҪȥŮ
ĽĳţյſڽһľҪԵ
һӰѰסˡ
ǰԺŰȥԺ
ϹܼæŹţŵһ
ƽŻ˺Ժի
档
ľҲȥ׼źţʱ̽䱸ʲô¡
Ѿҹˣƽһߵȣƽڵϡ
ƽ뽫𷣣ƽ֪סȦףýȵģҩġ
ȫǿƽҲһ
ʱߣֻܿƽ˵
ƽôţʱһǸӣ˵ɣҰҩЧɢˡ
ƽҡͷУȥҵġ
ҳԺô죿
ƽڣһжԽ
֣ҳȥ
á
ƽųȥ£Ĳᡣ
һ죬͸оԾĵطˣΧϢˡ
ǡҹǻҰ֮Уʲôܣ׷ɱȻõʱ
ѣСģڿٿ
·Ǳܣ˵
ѾϰˣһֱҰѵս˵Ұ⻷ڳﹴĶĸ̹һЩ
ͣ˵
ͣ˵
¸¡
ߴߴ
ƾᣬ˭˭
ʮˣ˳ֽɣѸٿ첽ȥ׼ֵ
ʮ˲ͣ£һ¾͵ڵˡ
ȥΧɨӡ
ͷѻ¸µĽл
Զƥٱܵ˸ǰ
̧ͷȥʮżңŹˣ˿Ű
ʶ
һ˱ȭǷǰӦ
ţˡȭ
ϵʮ˿ٵǰ棬ϥأµ
ƿӣ濴ȥ
ɫףйڵϡ
үأ
үϹҪҵڴ˽ӦԺ󡣡
ţɣˡƴ˺ˣΧƥڵϳԲݣѻ䵽ϣơ
ȥ鿴һƻû湻ųһ졣
ѻᰲƣԶиõܲˣԲܳˣҪǲ絽һ˱
ȻתԶĺҹ֮Уо˴Ǳˡ
û¹⣬еҪˣת˵Զ
崩һɫĽ¡
ĿȣͦΡ
ôӢͷڽӢ֮ǰ𪣬һЩ֮ˡ
ƴûôãһˣԣӢ
廹ǹ壬Ϊʲôޡ
ǱԵô
(δ)

پʮ Ů

ƺޣӣĵŹ˹ȥ
æŰѵ
ĶҪˣæ˼ʩչṦƱס
ˣƻ˹ȥ
һѱסˣĿڱײƵۡ
ŵ㣡嵣ĵĴ˵ҡͷʾҪ
ΧǵЦ
ҲźЦ
ѻСѻͷβϰˣſﰮĿһۡ
屧β˳ȥΪҸõطһ̵˰ϣſڰϡ
ظ·Ըϣߣ͡
ƽ˵·һѰƹԲĶӣͷȥæҧס촽ֵס죬¾³
󣬰ƳԲġ
ƣȻס죬ڵסֿ˽ڻ
˭Ҳһš
˲֪﷢ʲôһ·ȥ
ŵվ
Ʊ屧վ
һûվˡ
ϲѣ廹̰屧ǡ
ƺڳҪˣ˸û߳ܣûƣûִ磬ûǳ
֮ǲҪ
̶ۣס죬ҲǲԸ⣬·ȳԽ׳ء
㲻Ʋֻҡͷ
ǺǡЦˬʣİƾܾˣ§Źͷͷ
˰ʱŲķſȥˡ
һ˯һϣҲˡ
˲뿪վ
һ˻صǡ
ƸŹţ뵽ʲôСʹ˸ɫСһˡ
ü۰ƣ˭棿
ƺЦû˭
ҵô㡣Ժӣܼæǰ
үˣ
ٲ˵ãҪˣĩ˹һ䣺˭ˣ
ܼһͷ
ֱȥԺûβ죬ȥ˸ա
ȥիǱߣȥˡ
컹õĴ󽫾ȻһСѾͷŪˡ
һְ۾Ⱦϲɫ
ƻˣ
Ƹжޣƭһ㲻
ô˼Ŀ
Ʋ˲Ҫ޵۾¸һҩ裬ܿ;ûˡ
æ尲ƣúõģʲôǲŮʲôˣޣȥ϶ûµġ
ҡͷЦЦû£úõģֻˣõܿˣⲻȥ
˵Ų֪Уû£ء
ȥŮæ´¾ȥҹˡ
ƽ˫ַǰסݼӡ
ƻͷһۣҵöԸɣ
ƽΣƽʱŷ²⣬ӵ˭ѶԸʹƭˣǶǾĺܣǰǱϿ򵥡
֪̫ˣƽҲҪ˵ȥ֪ˡƲ鷳
ƽ֪
ƳžͿѾˡ
ȥңԺˡ
ʣŮôô죬Ҹķɸ봫ûյ
յˣԲżæ˻СǺƵƢҪ˵ңȻڼ
ҲסƣҪȻ֪ᷢʲô
죬ϲ룬ǺΡ
ʱһЩҲģȥôãҲŸȻǵĵġ
˵£պСţһʱš
ţãջúϢɣҲûȥˡ
˵°ɣһҺóԳԷ˵˵ʱСڣһжˣҲࡣ
С룬ȹЩӣͽ˹Ͼһ̥˵ǲС
ڵĻտһЩ
ȺˣҪæһЩ˱ȥҲ˴ѧ
Цˣô˵ڸС
һһˣҪЦˡ
˵ӵ飬ȷʵҲ˵˰ġ
ΪˣɲУʼҵããҵǿ԰տȥԣĪȥפѧѧСõӾͳˣܸ
Ҫ˲ţɲ
Ҫϸĵ̣Ϊ²С
ǼȻǲ
(δ)

پʮ ֢

վڲԶжأ
һԡ幧Ҳ⡣
Ǿ°ɣȥǰˣҲˣһͳԷɡ»תˡ
ǡ
˰ƲųԺûһۣȥһϵ·
ү𣡡
Ȼ̵ĺã˵ûµ棿һƹԳŴ֮֡
һ죬ûһ۹壺үôҲԶʥô˼˵Щ
ʲô˼ģԼĸҺ˵õ顣
үûϢ֪Щ
Ʊˡ
̫гϢˣЩڲĲ⡣
үҪ˵档һ¹ͷüͷߣһסƵС֡
צӲСѱŪˡͷһڣŲ𱸡
죬æΧۣȷû˿һ
һѹ壬컯֮ºƴȥǰԷ

ʥȥһ˴ԺҲүһСʬʱ䡣
Ʋڵ죬ץץˣɱɱˣԺҲϴ
Ժſͣʮڹײģרŵ磬˵Ҫưá
Ƶʱ򣬸պÿүһҵĹ餱̧ߡ
ΪôˣǴС˿֣˵үһӦõģҲ˿үǸˡ
ƿųƺƵȥŽȥԺ
κִվڴԺԺ棬ǰִŰȥ
Ʋã˲֪ˣ
Ϊүһҵ飬ùõĲԭúõһˣƼûһȦҲˡ
ƸֳȻ֢
ųúõһˣ־㱣۲ѡ
һֱţ˵һЩƲ֪飬ӱĺӺɷˣʵϳ֢ڡ
κִվһ磬ǵ˵쿪ʼһֱʳʲôԣͷţ˯ţȥġ
ƵȻ֪֢ԣҩҩҲûЧȻҩƻɲٸãܵ˵ЧȴǱҩǿ
ҩһûУҪУĲ
ȥСڣ²ϣԽˣԽԸֲ
үĴ̫ˣҲ𣬾һҲ
ƸѱӸϣȥ档
κִųţҽ֪ʲô취
ҡͷҪа취ҲڷˡֲΣȻǾ֢ȴǶ񼲡
ҩ̫ˣƲס񻯡
ǳԼס
ƶºΣı»ͽ֢ҽѧûﵽ˵˼붼ܿˡ
ж˶֢ϣ֢ȻǾ֢ȴǶ񼲣İĥڿ־֮¡
ͼһˣԭúõģ˻˺ӣһԲϣӰĶӵͰȥûŷһᣬǲͳˡ
һʱĴͳһӶ֮ȥĲʹ
͸ײаһأҽĿˣֲײа
ÿ춼˵˵һЩ˲Ļգû˿£˸ϵˡ
֢Ŀ£ǿġ
񼲲ʼһ⣬ڲиŬŬҪʱ䣬ʱĵӣЩʱĥ˵־ǷϣʱܿȥഺҪȥ˲ɣͿݹȴʲô£
̫̣
κִʣܸô
УûҩҲ޷ЩΪʲôʵкܶʱԼҲͲΪʲô
ͺϷƵģһʼϷԶɾ͸һ޿ܵϵͳ
ϵͳͿʼԴⶾԴϣһж̫˷˼ˡ
ܹСѻ˵ʲôͷŶء
Ʋܽ͵̫࣬޷͡
κִʣҪ취Уҽ˵ֻ£ֻҪúõͻû¡
ҽ˵ҲûֻҪǵͻû£ָǻõģǴùõһǵģ֢ǱǺܿµģõ飬ҲҪʱţҪԼԸǸ¶Һڰ߳С
߳һǧﶼûһ֪ζʲô
κִˣû˵תȥˡ
ת棬κִˡ
ˣתϹŵˣһ⡣
ôˣȻǲˣǻڵģ˵Ҳþе
κִѹһʱҲܲס£һ߳жһͷڵϣ
(δ)

پʮ Ľ֮

ŵϵκִʣǲ۸ˣ
վǽһ޹۸˭ˣ
ӲãȥĽ᲻ҩʯҽˣҲˣųɡ
΢΢Ȼû뵽κִġ
ȥĿŭ𣺡ûϢĶûأòᣬ
Բȣȥ£硭
ٺ˵ˣ˸Է

ԺȻ˵ǳȾ˶񼲣財ˣϱųԷ˵ʲôҪ˳
ߵʱֻǾãκִڳʱʲô¡
֮컯ƾκִǳ컯
뿪Ժƻƶûԡ
ӹлͿ˴ĿҵҶӡ
Ժӹʣ֪ʲô£Ÿ˲
ƾ֪ʣҲûùòˣǺεĶ񼲣Ϊ³ơ
ùòˣɫˡ
֪ںùãƾϸĽһĲ֢ùһЩ
ô˵Ĳ԰ܿʶⲡԡ
β˵Ĳڹ忴ǶʲôκõĲ
˿ⲡ˵ĲȴǴĲ֢ǽһЩ񾭲񾭲˲һˣ͸Ӳһ
˵Ӳ
ĲûԴӡ
֪Ķ࣬ôβأ
֢ĲԭӣҽϲȷҪ£֢أ漰Ŵڣ
ỷɳ
йϵ
ùõΪүһҲµġ
ˣԻ
ǿʼʱԲȣĻ䣬˯߲ãͻ¡
ҰЩҲ˵ˣܼܻȥҪŴùһʳùúܷŭʰˡ
Ǻ£ùﻹвܸˡ
ӳ⣬ûҪҩûС
˵˹ؼ棬Ҫûҩ
Ŀ˳ƣҪ߱ʲô
̾ϢȻһ۾ܿ˼
ȥǰ棬泯̧ͷŷһ¡
ûеģиطС
һϣŭɶ
ƾ֪岻ͬ⣬ת̾˿˵Ǹܻصȥңҩ࣬βˣֻҪһȥһЩҩôùúһЩһЩʹ࣬Ƶĺôùûû¡
ڴùõĲֻǿʼλлᣬҪԺˣͻˣʱ򣬾ҩҲûá
ҲҪʾүֻүͬˣҲܻȥ
Ҳ¹嵣ġ
һἵʣϾŮ˶ݲ£Ľݡ
죬Ŵù˳˸ߣ˵ʲôʱŹӸߴһӴˡ
ҲĻѹ
Żлʱ򣬰ƾԲܷ
ԴСҲ֪еĵģȥˣز
ɫ࣬ߣƽסү벻Ľһˣ
һȻתƣ𾪣ǷŭҪ˵ĳ嶯
ŮˣֲɣİĽ֮ˣ˵㰮ĽģҪΣҪ췴Ĵ
ǵķӱ顣
Ҳ˽ΪǷʲôµ顣
ŵֱҲ̫ˣô˵ֻˡ
ʲôаĽ֮ˣҪĽѵүô
ӳǽҪģ
ȥš
ƿǶŻˣס˷Ը
ŵæ˸˳ȥҲŹˣСѻķˣβ£һ˳ȥ
һأԺﻹһ硣
ƿȥºɣѲҲ֡
תߵʢ˵Ĺǰ̧ɨɨס˹壬ͷûбƣ ҪƸըˡ
Ů˵ȥĽˣ˭
ʣүСûаĽô
ס˵ʡ
ǲ͵ˣ
ƺԥ뿪Թ忴š
ҪôùñƱ˵廹ҪߣƲ뿪Ѿ˸طȥˡ
һǵõһοʱһCDķ绪ïϢ͡
CDү֪ģү˵
ȷʵ֪û
(δ)

پʮ ϵͳ

ƼĻ⣺ҾôϲǸ˰Ľѡ
źǣҰĽʱѾӸ߸ߵĴ¥һԾˡ
ôҴһҲû󡣡
תһЦǣҰĽʱѾˣʱ򣬱ȲʶҴ˶ʮ֮꣬Ľ
ǺźҲûУҰĽȣĽķ绪ĽȳԽһ˵顣
ߵǰ£üһᰲƣԺת˵ģ
Ƶһ壺Ź٣֢ǸʱǾһ޷ΣҲᾭĲ
ǸŶϵˣػܿ㣬˽ڵϣ鼮ĵӰĸ裡
Ƹ峪һ׸裬Ȼܸܵõƻź
Ȼɣ˳ָ裬Ҳʲô˵ˡ
źˡ
Ҳӳһ˵ƬɣģҼסǻΪΣȻС
үҪţҲ᲻᲻
Ϊ
תôһȦӣΪҪƭġ
үҪô룬Ҳûʲô˵ˡ
˷䣬˻ȥűסƣԸ֣˵Ҫ˯˲ȥˣһͷײ
죬תӢİɣѾҵ˻ķˣӳҪǸҾƣͲˡ
ߣҸѱȥķҲðֱð𣬰иԤУĴȥɱĽݡ
ż⣬һ¹塣
֪Ҳܺ¡
һزΪһҩ治ֵã뵽ùһȥ
죬ûʲôҪ
ȻҲѾһɱŰ֮·þȵ˻Ҫȵġ
үģܻлģлʱһѶӳȻүʮǣöӳãүָʹ졣
Ҫָʹ죬ҪñŸôҪŪûôӣΰĥ
үûб㲻ö֪ˣүҪżպ˵Ҷ̥үֻҪžͳɡ
ȻţƲǵûȥˣȻһͷײ
үв˶û˼
ҲǲѶΪ֮
ãүǶԵġ
ߵһ£ʱסƵ֣Խ᣺ƣҲȥȥΣ
үܴȥʹȥˣô˽֮£Ȼȥûа취
ţҲ˴һһ档
հƵ֣Σ
ôڴ᲻ôӢǺӰڴֻõͷԣүҪǲȥҲҪѹȥġ
֪ʼɡ
۾˯ˡ
תԣ§ŹţҪȥҵ֢ҩ˯ˡ
˯Űƺǵ˷ΧˮϢһĳ
һҴҽԺƵһҲ֣ϣڿ˿ģڲŶͷ
ͨ˵·һ¡
ϷƵҶӣ֪ʱѾˡ
ȥҽԺ￴˽ơ
ȻסȻתү
һ޹ſӣһͷڷۣæ˹ȥ
ү
Ǻ廹֮УܸŰ
ƴĺ֣Ȼ˵һ
ȴŻˣô
ơ㲻ϲ΢УʶεһЦһ¹塣
ô
üۣ
ˣ
Ҳ˵ôˣԴϵͳĹϵȻܰҩߣǰѹҲǲܡ
û˵ϵͳռ䣬ѵϵͳˣ
ƵСһһɫԽѿ
ƣǲϲѲʲô
У̷ȻҲô£һôҲãһ¹ȥҽԺ棬һ߰һ߽ȥͲҪ˵ˡ
屻ţ¹ۿ
Ҫ࿴顣
ƴŹһ·ҽԺ棬һȺ˶ǿƽͣɷ򣬲ˡ
Һͬĵͷ֮Ͷˡ
ִ˵ᣬʲôпܣ˵ǲˣ㲻ǲˣɹӵҲȱȽǣװʱ³Ϊһֳ
ֻǳڹڳϣͷʸһЩ
(δ)

پʮ ĸ֮

۵ͷЩ˵ĴŴܿӦҽˡ
ҵ˾ңֱȥǱ߿
ҽһΪѣŹһЩ
ʲôˣ
壬ʮꡣ
ҽ㵣ʮꣿ
űʮҪϬ
ɷϸ¿ʼ˯ţһСˣͿʼģҿˣ֢Ҳ֪ôҿ֢ʲôЧҩôβȥʵˣʵҲûʲô֢ЧҩҽԺŪһ㡣
ҽ˵ҿ֢ҩǣϣǽƣֲȻǾ֢ǻ˵ġ
ллˣ
ƾ͸Ƶģҩȥҩ
ߵ¥һҩӵͰ
岻⣺Ϊʲôˣ
һЩͨҩãûܴҪýڵĲУһĵط²УУҲòΪûǮ
ǮһǮǷˣָ
ӲֵǮ´Ҫӡ
Ѵ˳һӸƣӱҲС
Ƶʱˣ
˽ӰҲҵӻŹ˸طȶ
һ߰ Ҳˣ
Ƕ˵£û֤ȥС󡣡ƹŻ壬Ź֣СǸʲô
Ź£ϸĽ⡣
֪Ұʮֲãģ
үǵ˵˲¹ô
ͷǵá
Ǿͺãϸ䣬Ժж˽⣿
˼Ƭ̣˽һ֪⡣
ţϿҡƵǾã̫֪̫֮͵ˡ
үҸ˵ǱҵҩȥȻҪǳ£һȥʲô塣
ƿģǺãǸӺܹɵĵͷ˵ǡ
СʱʱȫռִĻͲ
Ūһոµ·廻ϡ
һδӵͷЩӦƵǾúա
·ھǰһᣬָָӱҪȥǵôϡ
үҪܰȥҶݷȥǵܲܰѹȥ
ϲǰľӣжӡ
ûүϲȥ
棿
档ظ֤Ų澵ӡ
뿪ܵĵطƴŹȥо
岻³ȥò͹岻뿪ţжӡ
ҪƴӦȥ
ǿӦ뿪
ԭһԵĵطӲĥһҹŵ
;סƵ깬屻ǮС㿴ϣҪ͡
ɫѿľͺǺڰ
оƾ϶û˶ȥˣûˡ
ŰһҲֱӽȥңһЩƼЩãˣߵĿ϶һЩһһҩжö١
ŹߣճžͿԲװĽݡ
ŹҪ㿪֪ʲôϡ
ĽҲо˽ŲڶȻͣˡ
ĿӣĽݿŹñӣϻз˿Щ仯
˭
忴ƣ˭
ӳ
ƴһ߳ȥĽ˼ơ
ӳƺһ ߿ٹȥץȥĽ̶㿪˴һ
ĽȭŶӲ򣬹жûĽݾͰǹ˳ŹҪǹҲһѵӳӳȥĽݵһɿǹ֡
ͣĽŵȥƣ˵ɷ򣬹塣
ĽݳأͲˣ
ӳֻҵĶӳ
Ҫɱ㣬ʲôҲǡ
ϵǹ۶Ľݡ
Ľʣǹ
ûвġ
Ʋ°ͣҪ͵
Ľǰߣ㿪ǹɣһ㿪ǹҾӮˣһӲԭ㣬ҲԶܺһ𡣡
Ϊ㣿
âǶˡ
ƲΪѣսӣӳүɱ㣬һһʱ䣬վһԭүúϡ
˵ʲôĽһƬơ
ƺζԹĸ飬סֱۿĽݣӳҸ˵ҽˣкӣҺɷܶ㲻ţξģллЩ̵֮
˵䲻㡣
ϲͺá
Ҿôں
ãǿһ
㡭Ľݲ㱻忴ߵСŮˣ鲢ûõȥ
Ůûɱӳˡ
վĸ֮
(δ)

پʮ ܱ꾫ܵ

Ľתɣ
㵨ñϴڣȻϰݡ
һ¹˵үﲻǵĵ̣Ҫ͵
ûмڡ
ĽתĿ絶ƵĿŰƣҪ֪ô壬͸㡣
ĽҧгݣΡ
ֶһҪŪģ˵Щ⻰Υô
бţǱ°ܽաƵ㲻㻹ǾݣὫʬΡ
꣬Ϊĵ͵أ
ܽδذɣҪûƣҵĶ֣Ľǰ˼ǰ
һ鲻ãȥס˹壬û
˻ãֱŷȡ
ЩΣ˶Űû֡
Ҳ´򲻹Էǹ˼
֮ܶǻƽ
ӳʵһмҪæǴ˴ǰΪ¡
˵ĽҲɫ࣬Ȼвʣϴڣչǿ˿ڣ۸ˣ
һڣȫһ˹ȥ
һȥҪĽݵĽݶ㿪ļʱ
ûôˣóĽݵǰǹҪǹ֮£һᣬǹûˡ
ɫһɾָ롣
תƣ
Сæ
Ľ˵ҵġ
ߣġҲһѣĺһģһȻġ
㻹ǹҰ
˵Ұ
ͷۣӳܲţǹȷʵȥһμһǹѣ͸үȻΪôǹ
ֱһ̣ĽݶãǰһΣˣġ
֪ⶼġ
Ľ߽ǹҡ
ưǹĽݣĽݵһᣬ֪ӵˡ
ӵĽȫʽģǿưԵ
࣬ҡͷӳҲ㣬㶪ǹӵǲͬǣ߼Ŷѣǰǹûӵڻ첻ӵ
ҪҪôĽȥ塣
°ܽӵжٱҪ٣ʲôҪ˵ҪҪɡ
˵ĽԴšκû£ǺԻһĻŹ壬ᡣ
ưӵպãлллӳҡ
Ͱǰûʲôֱ𣬻ôҪĽҲ ϻģô˵ЩΡ
ˡҪĽˣס
Ҷӳ˵ɡ
ƿĽݣӳǵʱ䲻ܻ࣬ܿ뿪˵æŪһЩ֢ҩ
ҪߣһҪߵĻĽݲԹ壬ŵˣҲء
ͷŰƣĿȾһĨᡣ
ӳҪߣһкӡ
ĽݿɫĹ壬ڵ飺Ҫ֢ҩ
ĶһЩ÷ܵҩûֻܴҪģҵô
ȥп
Уôˣǵúпʲô򵽡
Ľ˵ңȥ
תĽˣƿһ壺үҪɱ˶ӳ
ûش𣬰ƾ֪ôġ
ȥţӳܿͻ
ŰȥţưĽݵķ棬Źڹ۲죬ĽݵĹӴ򿪿һ顣
һܷ·û򿪣óһۣи룬001
ó͸ˣȥ˵Ƕӳѵû򿪴ģ򿪸ʲô

·ϣȥǰ˿
ƵһںҲ̫ÿˣ
תͷ̡
ǲҪˣһȥǸͺô죿
ҪǿӲԵ
ͷҪưһۣҲᡣ
ȥݡ
ôʲô֪ƿɲǵø߹壬зݵ¡
·Ͽġ
ҲУŰɣһ
ڱŶӣﲻǣȥӦûǺúõģһΣġļƵϣֻһΡ
ҪȥͷƸȥ
ıҵһҷ͵꣬ƲҴȥݣصоĽݵӼԶּ
᲻ðѹͷӵҪȥУȼһ֣ñŵղرһ
Ƕ˴Ͳʼˡ
žӣһǾԽӢˡ
Ū뿪žҲ
ʵ֪ͷӢû뵽Ӣز
ҪǳŻ˵ã꾫ˡ
(δ)

پʮ ȥ

žӿ˻ᣬתƣȥѵĵط
Сˣ㲻Ҫ̫֣ûġ
ҪȥԵҰļ֣ƶ뵽ľٶԼ취ȥ
ֻܴȥ
ȥ˿С
ĴӦҲð˵ͺܷܣӦģɵĻ
һֽŹȥѵ
ǻأоѵһξ룬Ҫȥ뿪һСʱ
Ҫ
վһ꣺Ҫ죡
嵱ˣô
㲻Ҫ˵ȻҲˡϳŹȥѵƶϣǸΡ
һ·ϹĬԣųĲ̨ƿ͸˵һЩļɣ
ѵѵ±˿ҴŹ忿Զ壺㿴ɣҪȥǷǻץߣûݡ
Ҳվѵ
ƿվˣӢˬģһ˵ĸоȻȻ֪ʲô
ʣһӣﶼڷ⣡
Ǵ۵Ĺ⣡
һṬԶƣȥ
ƾ֪ǸǿʲôҪ
ֻÿ׼ȥ˵ҿ
㿪ЦСûˡ
ûûʲôҩûء
ǡһֻ࣬ðѳ˹壬ɡ
˳һᣬŴү˵һٸģô
Ҫܹ˭
漣ˣӾȻˣῴʹš
óԶģһİƵ°ͣᵹλҲҵĺܵλ
ųһҲûΣҲǶš
ӾҲרҵǸ˾һΥ͸жûС
İƸŷ
ԭ·أѾ޻˵
ֻҹ˻һûִʱȻʲô˭
֮£ĽƺҲˡ
ѳͣ£ƴӳų񣬰˼ȹ忪ڣ˵̫ˣȥ
š
ƺҲתߡ
˻صĽݵңñѹҪȥĶŵ档
һš
ϵ·ҲŽȥѥӡ
ӳЬ϶᲻ø㣬ЬҪǧ顣
ӡ岻á
Цϡ
ˡ
Ʊģô
ȻǾͷ棬ҲˡȻô̹Ҳû취˭ϲˡ
ҽ׼ȫϡ
ĽݻѾ׼ˡ
ͷĽЩ㶣ŷӦһӸƷ¡
ﶼǣ㶼š
ưı򿪣оˡ
ӳҡһżĽݾ͸оˣ˵ӣҩＱæװȥ
˵ģĽݸ߰ƣ֪ǱʲôҸ׼˾ͻʲôУ᲻ûһЩ˽
ãδء
þͻҲȥ㣬ȥȥ㡣
Ȧˣ̧ͷĽݣӳౣأҲ֪´λܻô´λҴ㡣
װ˶̸屳ϣ°ѹ£ס˵ӳлл㣡
ĽݺȻȥҲҡ

һƿĽݣƵķ亮
ӳౣأƿˣŤͷſڹĻֱսĿĽݡ
Ľݾ湬壺ҶãҪ

廹˵ʲôǰƣһжʼ仯
һռ䣬Χƣûƣתȥơ
ѹģȥ壬ȥ̽һ£˻к΢
ɨ裬˺һ˵ľޱ䡣
´һҳأעȥ
㲻¡ŵÿˡ
뻺۾ŷӦ
תȥƹŰƵסģûƣѱŻˣ
Ҳˣ㣬úõķҪȥҪš
ģһƹˣأɿ֣Щۡ
æŸ飬оĵĺܴ󣬾͸ҪƵġ
˹Ȼûҩˣδ֢ҩûǿļˡ
ļˣӸֱӸѪ
(δ)

پʮ κִ

忴Űƣգգ۾ýеסƵڡ
ѪԪָĺܿ죬оҲˡ
үоô
Щˡ
һ°Ƶָ֣
ôȥҪ£㣬׵ķѪˣ
ۣǰա
ȴΪȻ˻һ㣬ĶûʲôѪиɵģүŲţѪԣ彡ֻǲҪ̫Ƶˡ
Դϵͳռ䣬ȻͲ壬ܹ޺
Ҫ֡
ѪǸġ
ĴָḧƵһۼʧ
ˣת˿棬ڣ˿
ҲţһȫҩƷġ
ҩҲкܶҩ֮ջ
İҪĶȻûѴӴһСӡ
óĸе⣬һʤ̣˲ٵսƷ
ƿûѾˣҪʲôġ
˴ȥǰ棬ͷϵĳתƣ˵ˣǸξ
ǰɣүԺҪˡ
ûشȥó·һᣬЬҲ˳
ӣӵԶлĿһ񵯻ɰѰŻˡ
ôˣôûըæһ¡
岻ãǱģ
Ȼ񵯣ըһ֪ôã
嵽ˣųĬˣ
ư񵯵ϵ˵˵סˣɡ
Ҫʲôã
š
Ǽ˱ˡ
ƽǧҶը˻˵ġ
֪
˵ĺվǲģ˸Ӹ棬պˡ
š
Žȥ
Ҳһպá
Ϣһ죬ѹѹ뿪ȥ
ڳԷųʲôûζ
κִࡣ
𳤹£κִ˵ʮû˯
֪ȥʮ죬Ҳǻ֪Żˣ˯˾û
ƽڣ˶ǡ
ڲû¡
ʮ쳤û˯һþ
κִÿų³ʲô顣
һЩ̲ҩκִ
Ǹġ
ưҩκִκִ׷ʣأ
Ҫȴһ롣ȥ򾲼ȥ롣
Щˣ˵ûʲôҸʲô
ɲǸùβģôùƤõģҿǸոմӹƹСſ˵
ſڵĹκִʣ̫ˣ
ҿû˵Ǵù˵ġѾעһ롣
ߣҾ֪ܰȻҪá
ùãϱҲġ
˵ĳ
ǺܺãƸоû̫ùſĶԵ÷ꡣ
ʰƣûʲô¾Ȼȥɡ
ҿˣȴù˯˾ͻȥ˵ù˯߲ã뿴
ʲôذɡ˰֣
ˣպȥҵ
ҲƳȥš
κִҲûȥſʼǰķҲԡ
ƵŵʱκִӺޡ
ԭȹһκִҪ鷳Ҳ鷳ˡ
ȥκִʣĲȻκóȬǿԵġ
ֻҪơ
ǰЩӣԷһЩˡκִ˵ˣ׵Ͽޣ͸Ƶġ
ƿĹ壬κִ֢˻벻ţǼ⣬ֻǵһټȥܻ⣬ĥɱпܡ
ô죿κִ˲ᣬȫϣŵƵˡ
κִûʲôˣˡ
ļȥȥԶԶκִɶӡ
ĸģ²޶ѡ
ǰһ򾲼Ϳҩҩ࣬ûеģอܣܴǰҪУһҩƣһЩҲûʲô
ƽʱҪֲҪÿʼġ
иӿܻóõĿ㡣
˵κִѡ
ûʲôϣϣǺ£¿ںֻ㣬ҲϴСˣ£óЩɡ
ôκִۼֻҪܺãʲôԸ⡣
ƵͷҲұ֤Ҳɡ
κִǵõ˾ݣ˵֪˭е˳͵Сˣ
ҾͲ֪ˣ㵹ǿ֪ƾû뵽κִΪ
ֻʱŵ飬δҸ
ΪǼҵĹˡ
(δ)

İ ԭֵ

κִæʣ˭ҵСʶ
ΨʶľޣľҪǽ㻹۸춾κִҲһæҡͷ¼ľޡ
ְҸʣͨ˼һЩĺЩ
ǱͲ֪ˡ񶨵ľȻиоûġ
ɣû˲һ飬ļҵĹã¡Ҫùõ˼ùѡ
κִͷʡ
ȱȥˣ˯ˡ
תȥȷʵ˯ˡ
κִԵǣÿ˯ŶΣ亹ֱͻᱻѣҲ˵
βᣬһῴţҪעһЩΣҪһʱ˲Ҫ֪ҩ䣬ʼ
κִһֱһԣ³جξѣһʱȥ û£κִ˿Ҳ˯ˡ
ſɫƵĹ壺үǲҲˣ
תȥˣæųȥ
үΪѰһ¡
ľ޾ͺܺá
ľ޿ϣҲϣ֮ǰүȥ߹صʱ򣬴ȥĸ󣬸ү˲飬Ĳġ
Ĳкãһǡ
ţҲ֪ȥЩʲôԺһϵּ⡣
κִŽּҲ˯ˣ˯úãٱȻЩˡ
ϵּΪκִ飬֮УǱѡеŮӣõϵķͣκִɻ顣
κִּлʥּһۣκִ˼ҪȢޣ
ҲѾСˣŮӶ˼ңµˣȡ
š⵹ǣǱ㿴ûкʵģ̫غʵˣױƭ
˿Чˡ
ùүȻˣոùô鲻Ҫ˵ȥ࣬òµģҪǡȿȡƼװæſס±˭ȥӡ
ɫô
ˡΡ
ҪôһΣ
Ҫÿ򣬵żһΣƤ⻬˥ϾͲһЩ
ùòЩùûᡣ
ʲôᣬ̫࣬ҪҾͲˣÿһ룬̫ٱʹ٣ҪԸ⣬ұ
ùãΪѶϱˣϱ࣬⻹ǵģϱȥĸ󣿡һա
һȥǱ¶ţԸ취ȥ
˵곤κִȥˣκִ۰Ƶͷˡ
˿Ǵ󹦸һˡ
ƸŹӴԺȥʣΪҪƭùã
֢ҪһǲԼˣƣһʼҩĻùþͺˡ
ϧûУҩһЩֻºҩ
ôùùԹƣֻƭˡ
ЦƵı²СҪǱҪԸˣ
үȻ֪Ͳôľ޵ע⣬Ҳ˵˲⣬ľޱ޸κִҲҸϾϲ
ҲϲˣʱҲദ
үվ˵ۣҲ㱻ү
᣿岻ˣҲͲ˵ˡ
գ˼ŮĶ׼ȥס
Ļ£Ȼɷ˵ġ
κִպ󳤹ȥԺǾ
Ȼǻʼҵˣֶţʼҵò࣬һλǻʴĺѡˣ˭ȥԺ
ԺվҪݲףκִߵˣѡκִ
Ī˵һС٣ƼҶһ顣
ƸͿƹˣֵ¾̫Ҳа͵
ƿԺȲĹ壬С
ƶһһˣǾãһ̥˵һһѡ
ԲĶߣ嵹˱ˮƣƺˮſڡ
ر࣬ȥҪż̤ˡ
ⲻ˻𵱳ԭ͹飬ʹ壺үſҲˮô
û˸ȥ
ȥĶ಻ࣿƼǲ̫ˣԭļˡ
࣬£ЩԱԵ治Ҫϣʱȥġ
ƾй£ʣүǲʲô£
ǣֻǵãϴ豻͵飬һŭ֮°˳ȥ
ˤˣ
ӳȥһ¼嵭Į
ҡҡͷΪԭֵãһˣԭϲ
ִЩ׷ǵŮ
ˣ
(δ)

İһ Ѷ

Ժſںܿ˽Ǿ̫ϵˣƲʶϢǾ̫ʲôˣҲЩ
ϼպɫȭݼƺ͹塣
嵭Ȼɣү׵ģ
ǡֱԲ䡣
ɡ嵭Ȼ˽ȥ
ˣʣ̫ӣ
ĸϴ϶ϣľԽ͡
֣ʱҲû˿ɥѵﶼˣ
ҵŮĺܣһȥҲû⣬ҵŮҲͬСɣֻĹ֣ҲƽƼ֮ߣʼҸŹҡ
Ҳˡ
;ǽã¾֪ģﻹо
ô˵ĸĸھҲݵλģ
ȻҹµǶģǸոϵġ
Զ󽫾Ǿ;ĸףҲ
Ȼ˶Ǿҵĵճȫ֣һΪ档
Ǽʶˣֱ˺ġ
Ů˶ܲʣҲѹ־Ƣˡ
ĸѪ˵Ůˡ
ϽûþͳˣǴ˸кˡ
ƼҵˣƼұȽϵ͵϶Ƽڼµˡ
ǸǴкžȥ
֮½˽ţ˲ˡ
ϳ˷뿪ģκִҡͷ
û˵ûϢ
κִҲκִ˺˳ȥƾͦġ
߲ˣ˺ܶࡣ
屧Űƻȥ
·ϰ߹ص飬ڲᣬһֱصԺݣ˵߹ص顣
ڱ߹ûս£Ҫ֮
үƽϢˣƱ£·⿪·Ļ
ˣǳ֮ƣʱȻû£Ҳȷһû¡
ү˼ǣҪȣ
֮
߹ʱû£ȥ졣
š
κִĻ¼޽չӴԺصͱ˶סˡ
㡣Щûһ־ʹƻЩܳ

ƿﻹᣬűͺá
Ц𣺡ȻҪģ㾡£ĸ׼ġ
֣ңˣ
ûУ㲻Ҫ˵Ϊ˴Ժ κִġ˵⣬ƻȻһΣµˡ
ƼҶκִҲڱصá
ǹܲˣҿ㻹ǴŶȥɡתȥϰݣæŸŰƽˡ
㣬㲻ȥô֪ͲУ˵Ļˡôıºܴ׷ŰȥԺ
һԸŵû
Ѿ
ֵһȥԺķ򣬶ɫ߹ص˵ֹۣ
ƻ֪Ҫ˵
Ҫ֪ȥ˲࣬סָ
˵Ҳãи˾ͺܺʡ
˵乬忴Ժķ򣬶ɫһ룬Ǳܳս
ΣԬŮӲü
ҲСȻܾ
嵹Ҳû˵ʲôľ¡
ۿþҪˣʱȥ̡
ɾ֮ڣ˭ȥ
ԺĥӲݣԵķ
㻹ǻȥɣҿɲȥûȤҪܳɣͳˣҲĵڡ
οκִãϾǸˣƼŮԲһκִ͹ȥˣ
ԲӣκִƷǾǣټģĸˡ
ǰŸӹʵҿĸֻյġ
ɫһƬһѾܲˣû뵽иκִ
ƷǲΪȻûҿκִƷҲˡ
˵Щ㣬ҰҲȥʣΪβĽ㣬Ľҽˡ
ҾˣҪ
͡ſ˺һ𾪣ôˡ
Ѳǿˣ
ӭȥǴԺˣӣӸ˰ơ
ѶӶϣȥԺգϴͻ顣
һ壬һ˲Ըˣ㣬ĲˣҪԼãֱ˵ĺãҲ⣬
˵ʲôҶ֪ô¡ƽӹӴ򿪿һۣס
ƽ
ſڣҲһ¡
(δ)

İ ƽ

Ƶӱߣˡ
ƽǸùġ
ƽôãһءɵеʧ
˲ˣ㵨ӲСĲʲôʱֵˣ
ʱǾ͸㡭˱һſֲʱ졣
Ҳ⣬ôƽ
үأƿȥѾ߽
ùҪκִ䣬ȻᾡľͶ˰ɣ
ǰʯͷԼĽţһ᲻ءûĲԸ⣬ֲܲϡ
ˣҲдǣתˡ
˱ȥסˣҪȥ˵˵£˭Ҫɲ
˱ߣԺﰲ١
ȴòƽκִĻ¡
֪ƽһ˵Ҫκִƹˡ
κִ
˵ˣޣ
ƺ͹һһмӡ
鸴ӣǿүˡ
еĺŲ裬ֻһۿ̬ȡ
ӣˣӱʣޡ
ƽԸһһźӡ
ƽȻ㣬ǳδ˵ĶҲ֪˵ʲô
ƽԸ⣬ҲҪȰȰ
κִȷʵǸˡ
ƽĴŲԿġ
ӣƽԸ⡣ƽͷﲻϴӦ
ֻ˵ǾȥɣһȥԺ˵˵
лӡƽ˳
˿ƵĿ壺үƽϲ˭
ҲǱˡʮ㡣
ţͺá
Ϊƽȥһ˴Ժȥͳ˵κִĻ¡
ԸˣһŭˣһϣԼмӣҪˣ
ѵóôˣɷŹ
ƱŶװæűסƣסĶӣõùҪҺɣ
һЩÿˣϻǲá
ΣеˣǰҲҪ
Ʋˣǿǿ
ƽԸ⣬ǿŤĹϲҲǸѼϼܵ£ҪֳʲôʱòʧġƼװôˣɫ
嵱ǵģڰ˫ֻڰƵĶϣƵĶӾͻᱻߡ
һûϢ˭Ůûӣ㻹컯֮£ɺͳ
õͲ˰Ц
޶ʲôЦģ˭жû޶̹̹ġ
һۣûϢ
ùãƽȷʵԸ⣬Ҳǿ󣬶ϱʴùãΪʲôһҪƽƳŹֶսʱʳ
ƽһˣ͹Ǯ⺢ӱȽͨ͸Ȼʲôҹ㣬ҲǹЩҪıĲ֪˶١
ԭҿִû˼ѹû˵˼ˣȻǺ£ҲͲˡ
ƽҲû˭ȻãʹԭҲǴ˼ҳģֻʣŻѡ
ҪܽκҵţҲǺһġ
׻˵Եǧۣô¡
ô£ù֪ƽҸͻƿڣֻܰˡ
֪Ҳ˵ƽǸúӣǾʡʡɡ
ǡƽǲԸġ
Ȱ˵ŭĿԲ飬˭Ҳܸı䣬Ϊұġ
ùãǡ
Ϳͣ
Ѱƺ͹˳ȥ
ӴԺƺһ꣬λ
ƽ͵ſˣƼæȥƽӡ
ɣȥûʲôչҪκִȢ㣬˵㼸Σ㲻
ҵǸ˵˲Уϰݡ
ƽһ°ˣŰһʧǡ
ƽȱż취ûбİ취취ģоͽˡ
ƽͷһˡ
ƽ˻ի˵µǾ²κִƷǺõģƽҲǸúӣҲ޲ڡ
ҹ
ƽȥԺ⣬Ժתի
Щڿ죬Ů̥֪ģ˯ʮ첻ʲô£ǲ
ŻȥûҵᣬлˣҪתתߡ
ƽԺ񣬰ָȥˡ
ƽһ·ѹʹˣ˵Ҫǿƽ޸κִ£ƽ벻ȥ˿
ƽˡ
իſţ濴ţƽŰ񣺡
һƽÿ롣
ƣϵĽȥǲȥҲǡ
ƽЩŹ֣Щġ
˵㣬ȴԸ⣬£Ҫĸ֮ý֮ԣҪһ˵ƷκִƷС
ԭһģϧƲϲ
ƽǿЦЦ룬ұһƲˣ׼һ˳ԣˡ
Ʋˣһ£Ȼˣǻ£ҿУתˡ
ƽŰıӰ˸
(δ)

İ ڵ

Ʊ˳ѣŵĿڷţſںҿ޵أҲҵ顣
˴ȥſڣæһưȹס
㡣
ĿɨԺ
ҿ˵ƽˡ
ȥǿȥߵĲ죬̫ˣ⼸͸һ
˱ֱի
Ϳľƽżɫġ
ҲûȥƽľҹԺˣŰѰƷȥƽ
ƽһ£Ȼǻ޵Ĵϼ
ǵװ˫ַǰ˾ͺ˯һ
ľżĿޣ찡㿴ʲôأ
æĹȥжˡ
æһŽⶾƽ
ƽϢŽָ
Ըţ̧ȥ
ƽ̧ˣȥƽ档
ľ޴ʱ侲
Űȥ£ûĿһľޣֻҪľһ첻ˣһ춼̤ʵ
Ϊľżκִôû
ľûй壬δĺһˮ˵֪ǻҹôȥϢûôţȥƽû뵽һžͿſš
üҲãûоܾƽᣬңԸ޸ϲˡ
ˣľ֣޸˭
κִƽҪƽ޸κִƽԸ⡣
Ƶǵȥƽ˶ȴûѹˣþƷǲˡ
ľļʱҪȻˡ
ƿľޣľһ֣ʲô顣
ôˣʡ
ļ̌ͷʱ򿴼ˣΪǰ˵ʲôˡ
ҵ֣ת塣
ڸ
ҲһãȻ֪
ƿſڣʱſڣԸ˰ȥڲڸ
ܿûҵ
ƿľޣȷ
ʲôƭ˵ģǿˣʱ򰲽պóȥǱߵǸģҿƣҾͶ㿪ˡ
ȰˣҲҵƽ
Ƶˣҵƽ뿪ʲô
˵ʱȥ壬һãʲôֲɣ
תȥһˣҵ
ǡ
æȥ밲ǵƽѹ
ʱƽţ֪ƽ°һơ
ơŮ氲ȿһƽƽû˿
ʱûʲôˣ밲£
һͷˮŮģߵһ¡
ƵһȺ˵ʰҲ˵׵ģ׻˵Ӱб׵ġ
ƽǰƽôƿżɽʡ
Ҳʵ⼸յһֱڸתƣû¾ʹȥˡ
˵˻ȥⲻǣû㣬Ϳƽˡ
ƽԺ˰ݣ֮ͻȥˣҿį£ի뻹ˡ
ںһƲˣҽȥԡ
ϵҿɲȥҾͿƽ䣬˵κִˡ
ܳԳԺȺȣ˵ûʲô£˭֪벻
һϧ
֪ôһ£˵ǹԵģҹĲ˯һƲȥԣǰҲ룬ĳô
õĵͷ񡣡
ˣҹİڹȥˣڸϢɡ
ͷȥϢˡ
ʧ䣬˵ǿŤĹϲ𣬳Ĳᰡ
뿪ƿƽվǲģ˵ľޣľޣҰɣ˻ذɡ
Ҳ°ɡ
ǲľޡ
ҲƽϣԸˣȥˣľ޾ƽһ£һ߿顣
ƽϵʱѹΪѾˡ
󿴵ƺľһ
ôƽŻˣΪƺľҲˡ
һߣѾںãзˣľ޶ˣ׼Էˡ
ľãȳ˵㶫ҪԶһ㣬ǹ³ôܷŹ
ƽҡͷڣ£ˣû¡
ƿƽǺףִⲻޣͻ£϶ǲϵġ
õһӡ
Ӽһ˸壺үøôţ
һζˣҲû˼˸뿪ǳ԰ɣ¡
崩Ьӣ뿪ˡ
ľҡͷ棺㻹˵ڣⲻǾڣʲô
һ仰ܵñӶ죬Ǿڣ
ᣬ緹
ƽ´ȥƹš
(δ)

İ 

̧ŵϹŵƽ·Ǻܺÿ
ˣȴźȥΪ˭أ
˵ɣոպá
ƽԥһ£Ҳ޸κִϲˣҲ˵
ƳƬ̣ƽֻһ䡣
ʡ
ϲˣǲү
ǡ
ƽ죬ƿƽҲûƭҲûΪƽ
ɣүͺáƽָָӣԷɡ
ƽȥ·ϵļСպãȥ㰲ƺľ޳Է
Ե㣬Ժ±κ⣬ܰˣ֪ô
Ƴŷƽһ٣Թƽȥæ£Ҫľ޸ţȥҳˡ
˵˵Ҫ롣
ҪȢƽõĲ
ƽžͿʮڴӣʮʦ̣ټһжٲ
ߵǰ濴һۣн鱦ĺӣдִ
ϵĺèʯһʮţĵطֵ鱦
ҲǶƿȥҳκִſڵͷĬ
ͣ˼һᣬ˵ĻΪԲֻˡ
߽ʣˣ˵Ҹϵˣ
κִͷѾ֪ͨˡ
Ǵôģ
κִɬְûƽ᲻ͬ⣬Ҳ˺ܾãҪ֪ƽﲻͬ⣬;ܾˡ
˲ӦĻҪ˼
ҲáƿκִȻôе֣Ҳǲѵ飬û취ų²ߵġ
κִʣа취
Ȼֻǲ֪ǲǿС
˵ֻҪܾƽְԸϡ
ţ롣
һȥһߣκִ˹ȥ
ʵи취ƽû£ֻǿҪίˡ
˵
ԥһ£ƹиС㣬Σȶһ꣬ƼҴǰףܾˣҰæףû㲻ÿڡ
ԸĻҿȥ
κִѾ׹Ҳûԥ˵ͷҲãǾͷˡ
鷳ҲΪƽʵƽѾϲˣ˲á
ҪҸ̨²С
뿪˴Ժȥƹ
κִ͵ſڿŰʲô˵ʵ˭νȻǲܡ
תκִȥͳˣκִûϢģƼҵŮһһ׻첲ȴˣ
κִһ£æȥ˵˵ƼСò绨ƷţǸТˡ
ĺҲἫá
ѧЩգֲ޸֮顣
պ۸ңҲ˳
ǲǽˮˣΪȢƼҵС㣬СӾͲ۸ˣ۸Ϊ۸
ˣ˵תȥˡ
ƺܿ˹Ϸˣ˵Ϸ˲ȥƶүΣŮϷ˰ѻ
ϸһᣬȷʵǸˣ
Ҳ赶ŪˣҰƻû
ƴкȥκִ˵˿ġ
ʱ˯ţκִȥΣΣҪеУҪ
κִЩΪ飬濴ˡ
һ˸ð죬Ҫǣɲףһӡ
ȥү˵æѻ˵׾ͳɣҪտùá
ܿ칬ˣûôʹ
κִѼϼȥƹݼ˹Ϸˣ⣬κִһ졣
Ϸʮ⣬κִƷ˾֪ģ֪˶κִġ
ĹϵǽȵˣȲ˵ˣǾ̫ĸϣҲǳˡ
ȻӶϷ˵ҲôҪܽȵҲġ
ϷˣǼһ棬ǳ벻ɣԼɡ˵˻ϷȻҪӦʵġ
ԸȥΣ˴ɫ·ﰤĸ˸ӣȥϷ˵ߡ
Ϸ˵ǴԺκˣζȥݼ
ȥݼСŮΰݼˡ
ҵ
̧ͷκִԴĿӵͷ
κִҲǸˣҲˡ
Ϸ˵˵С׵ģȻѾˣҲϲССЦɣҲϷ˳ȫ
ϷȻԸ⣬ŮʣζԸô
ȫƾĸ˼˵Ը⣬⼫ 
Ϸ˵ˣ
壬θ˸иˡ
Ҳ˱ȭκִ뿪
·κִһЩƷصԺȥ泤˵Ѿ˽Ұˡ
һκִûϢ¾ˡ
æһ죬ǰһ£Żظ
(δ)

İ ׵Ķ

κִºܿ춨£ʹԺ˰֣߶ˣ˵֮ϡ
ƽҲһﵽȥʾף֮顣
½ר˰ҲԵףǺܷ⡣
ƿ˶ĽųĿɴˡ
κִֻױɣܲĽ
ڲ¥¿үʱʲôûɣ
üͲµˡ
˵ֱ׳
ЩǹȥˣνǻҪһ˼ȥֺһŮӣ
үˣƺЦ
ҡҡͷսƵĶʣĽô
ƷʣĽΣүף
Ҫ⣬Ҳǲɡ
˰ɣҲ޷ǿŸʵûǮҪƽտ⣬㴩³Է֪Ūء
Ǻǡڣٻٲãʲô
ưһۣҪ
Ǻǡ
¶ڱ³ʮöģȡʮȫʮ
ҡ
ʩʩĶŮҲˡ
ƣƣôǰƣǾҵʲôޣҪʲô
ĻһţҵĻҪ
Ҫʲô
ŮŵùڵɪɪʱѾͷѪˣڵӲǲҶһ¡
ʩʩ˶һ
̫澭ʩʩԺֺֽУָָʩʩԺӣʾȥ
æȥˣھ̫Ķ˵һЩĶ˾̫
̧̫һ۾ʩʩԺ棬תˡ
ҹ
̫ţǰѬ㣬Ķڶվš
ϱϹϾͷһϡ
̫վһʱˣûס
϶ǲȥԺȥˣֱ̫ʡ
￩һ£æ£ظ״ˣȷд£Ǿĸ׵ģĸ˵˼
ûϷ˼Ҳĸ׸ģ϶ĸ׵İɣ
̫ڶ࣬ƫˡ
ĶǾ̫ķС˻ʵغ񣬾̫ϲ
̫ͣҲƵȥԺ
ڸ˶ضˣҲҪ߿һۡ
رǴ˳֮󣬸һжԶհ¶ȥ
̫ף²Ƕ˵Ĵ
ЩҪӡ
ǣǷģϱŮˣҲʱóˡ
ûҪѰõ˼ңҸƷõġ
κִ˶֪Ʒá
ȻҲǣʩʩġ
Ӧ£ȥĸ
ĸױӦʸġ
˼ǣŻ»Ϸˣ̫Ӷ˶ĵ̧ͷӡ
ϵͷ̧ӲͷƤʣף²ûдٳɣǲ⣿
̫Ƭ̣ºûдٳɣȻϷ㺦ˡ
κִȻǻʼҵˣǳˣ缺ھ˭ҵ˭Ҳ߿һۡ
Ϊ˰Եȴ񣬵κִƷУ۵ġ
ʩʩŮΪϷ̱κִ

һס̧ͷȥ̫̫վĸ׵ϣһ˼Ҽ˰ɣڼǸҵԼǽӡ
̫뿪ڵû˷Ӧȥ˵
һŭˣĸģŮƾʲô޳ȥ
ûָŽҲûҪҸٹ˵ġ
ôˣ
һ뵽ôõŮ޸һʲôǵˣ߷߲ƽ뵽ھ̫еĵλɷȥҶˡ
ſھķ˿ˡ
޿ĽŶ˹ڵϿ
Ҳ͵ˣõûʲô˼ٹ档
ֻῴŶӶϱڽ£͸ˡ
ŵϵˣ˰ôˣ˵Ҳÿ޿ˣ죬޸˭Ǽأ
ţôô˵أǿŮТ㰡ôܲܰ״˵ǻġķ˲һĽ
˵㸸ôҵأĲŶԡ
ţʲô˼ɵˡ
˿һ۶ϱˣҲˣǸȻǸ׵ĵ˸Ľ˻ʹڹؼҶزõģٻҪǻŸжĺúõĹӣҲ;͵ͷ
ǺαҪڴأ
ҡ
ķ˻˵Щʲôķűƿÿ̫վſվţŵöһƨϣɵˣ
(δ)

İ ֮

̫ţ뿪ž̫񣺡檼̫
̫һ۶ˣȥˡ
°ɣĶʲô
ǡ
ȥ£ŷһſŵţĿôʼûʲô̫Ĳ
̫ŵϵ˵Ѿ˴ȻܵˣײĲᡣ
ȻǾȥҸҰ³Ĵձ˰ɡ

˱ŵˣôУ
ⲻҪô
ף㲻
˲һе˹ȥס̫Ŀȣ̫һȥѶߵ
æŷӣ̧ͷȥ̫ף֮ǰ˵ģҸ˼ˣҲˡ
ǰĸףϺȻ׹
Ҹֲһж׵
ֻи
˲ϣҪ˵ЩʲôϺǳ⣺Ҫ˵ˣǲҪô
ɵˣ̫һۣԭǴϢ˵飬̫˵⸾˼ȻԸڸţ˰ɡ

Ϸ޶ɵˣû׾̫Ϊʲôô顣
˵ʲôץ񣬲
ҲûˣȻ̫Ĺٴ󣬵˵ݾݵģ
ķ׼ڣ̫ϳȥ͵ȥղ˭ʩʩޣҾҲ֮ˡ
˲˵Ŀְ˸˳ȥϹڵͷѾɵˡ
֮˭
Ů
Ůɰ
̫һᣬŲĶ˵㷿ûô

ϲ˵Ƕ˵˾䣺ԭи˵ģӱȽºͣҹҲ
̫۶ˣǸ׵
Ǿɣշķˣҹȥʩʩżңһ󣬳˾׼һڹײġ
ͷð׻ǴӦˡ
žϲˤͷôˣ
ʩʩԸ⣬ͱ˸ˣôĺҲûá
ĸʹ򣬴ڵϴ
ϴʱҲû취ȥˡ
εĶҹˣһ˵㲻˼ҡ
ǻʼҵԶˣҲףǾ̫Զ˵㣬ԳиݣʲôûС
ԷԸ⣬¾ͳˡ
һ磬ƸճžͿϴģϸȥͿԶӭ׵Ķ
֣ʰǴӾ̫Ķ飬̫Ȣô
֪ȥæȥѾʩʩ˵Ϣ߰ơ
ƴʩʩǰȥ׵Ǹ
ǡ
ݲ£ʲôˣ
֪Ҳûش
Ƹȥ˲֪ʩʩ޵˶ʮˣǰϱˣ˵Ǳġ
иľλǮ⣬׬Ǯ
ʩʩʮ꣬ӭ׻ϲϲĶ飬һãȻ
⵽Ǹʲô
صƸ˵˾ʩʩ£ļӼӶ࣬㲻ʱǣڴЩӼ
ҲȥţֻǳԷʱŹȥ
ǰڷŷˣͷæúܣһֱļӼ
ûԼʵġ
Ʋ˵˾֪ʩʩôʵļ޳ȥֻ˵ҵŮûмµģ˲鷳
үʶƴû
͵ͬģ˵ƸҲϤһ
ЩͲǵˡ뵽ԭɵӣһ㶼ϡ档
ûɵӣԭ棬ûʲô
ҲȥʣȻˡ
ƽϡ
ʣκִ飬ү׼ʲôô
⼸ջæɡ
ţȥ׼ˡ
תκִ֮٣ƺ͹ĴӼ뿪ȿ֣ȥĴԺ
Ƽҽףǰɷˡ
ư£˵
֢ѾõĲˣҩҲÿֻǺһЩҩ
˷ϲ¾ˬҲ嵭үһСԩ顣
ƹѲƲͳȥϢƸѱӸǺã³
徹Ȼ˯ˡ
ȥһ·
Ҳ֪ۣȻԾ˯ˡ
պκִƼСţƼ˰ƺ͹ԷһͬĻжˡ
˵ҪľſڵӭӰơ
ģÿնˣҲš
ƴͿſվţ˾͸ƵֱɱƵǰ࣬ȰѶβ˹ȥ
롣
˸˸ӣŶβˡ
ƿˣǽĻǽӶβģ
űͲ࣬ƼҵĽö࣬ʱκִѾæýͷö
˵˻ǱȥӦԣһڹ
ƼСŲûƼҵ˰κִۻ
֮£Щʧˡ
ͬƼҵĹүô֮
(δ)

İ ѡ

ƱöЩƲ֣ٷû˵仰
ƹѲҶЩ⣬رκִСΪ˲پƣҲǲʤϡ
һĻɷ˼Ҳˣκִ˵ʲô£ԭմϰҪסڹһգΪκִˡ
κִҲ̫ˡԼܺȻƲˣŶβλƵĶˡ
ֻðѶβŶ˵˾ǣˡ
㣬ңҲȥĲᣬ˻ȥᱧ˹ôڣҲû¡
ΪŭҪȣƫǲ
ŶͷһĹĵĶȥɣտ
ǡߵԸϾԸˣݰҲҶԡ
ϴαץ˵ʲôҪ޳ȥ
صûٺϷ˸״Ϸƫ˵ǻʼѪ볣˲ͬЩµõùҹ
ɵҲ档
˱£㲻ʵĴƷ衣
ǺƢ˴ˮ˲ѾҲˣŰ
ϢҲ֪ôˣû⣬£֮һʰ
ҹ
ƱķѣȻ۾Ѿ·ˡ
ү£
Խ֣ôˣû˵ʲôҪҪ
ȥһ£Ϣ
ƿŹȥ棬Ժʱվ˼ˣ弸̵ϥأ˫ֱȭͷݼү
˵ɡƽĮֶ
ҾӪҹ͵Ϯ󽫾ˡһ档
ǻˣʡ
һʮˣ·˽ɱǲڣȫˡ
ߵǰָ˵ˣҲ
ˣȥϢԻᰲš
ǡ
ƴ￴棬ÿ˶һ޵ŴñӣǶףȫǺɫרѵɱ˵ˡ
ƿţƴӷ߳ʱţת
ڶӴˣжЩ忴˼ʲôҪ֪ʲôʱǸá
һЦүңͲȵôˣÿ鷿취
ɫһ˵취УҪ˵֣
үǰ취ܶ࣬ÿһ취¶ǧɣҪھˣͷһԸľǶѾʧȥãֲʺ͹ûϢ
ܵȵڣȻڵȸ꣬Ҳһ̥Ǳ˼ˡ
ԸҵĶӣүңӱ߹ػȴñ߹زˣү
ү밲˵߹ȥӦⳡ̵ġ
ƼҺͻطû취ŲˣʣµĹ˧֮Ψҵ
ү룬һʱ̣Ҫȥһʹˣ֪ȥն٣սδȫء
ˣ밲ҲвҪ˵дСΣǺҲܵӰ졣
үѣȥҲǣȥҲǣΪˣ
Űӷ׵ɫã֪ǲΪԽ˵Ĺϵ
һҲȷʵóϷ
Ůӣжװˡ
˵ǣҴȻʿսҲм֮ʱһսֻۣסˡ
ʵûƣҲ᲻Ҫȥ
ֻΪ֮ƣ
̣ʤ򲻰ܣҪܽȥǵ粻ȥˡ
һͣȴѡһɳƥеˣǱΡ
ү˵Ҳȫԣʵүõѡⳡ̣үȻʮֵİհɣ
һ㻹ƶģҪûҪǲľǳӣǱȻġ
һЦƵ˽ⱾƵ˵˵ɷȥ
үȥõģʵңүĹǣһǹڣǶүĵĻ
Ƶǲ֣ûԭбİ취ֻǶ˵ǡ
õүһֱⲻΪԾӣȻһЩ˵ĶĿҲȫȻ¡
ЩˣҪɱߣǲӹ
Ƭ̣ô˵Ѿ֪Ĳ𣿡
ȻǺԸõȥǵ֮Ҳûİ취ҳ˵ĵʹⳡ̣оǾˣȻδӴŮĲЩѲ˵Ĺϵһҵڧʹ鷳ˡ
ҲǱĵģƺͱ뵽һȥˡ
Űƽţ³˼
ʣ˵ûô
Уüȥ
֣˭
(δ)

İ 

嵭Ȼ
Ƶûк֣ܶϾǽ֮ƹˣϹ۰ŮҲǹˣСϹߣص࣬ҲΪ档
ƻǾòҡҡͷ
ү˵Цģ˴һѸʱˮ˶岻ãҲҸƺ̫ˮǿڿˣֻܸһ
칬Ѹ͵˴һš
˵Цô֮ڣǼҳӣսɳ֮˱ϵţȻСȷʵǸñˣɱСƼҵСڱǸѡֻǵǹƥ˧˻᲻ϾСҲûйĻᣬƼΪС
ԭȥĥһ꣬ҲǺõģμһսԱ˽⣬һսʱֻҪһ仰ͿԹ˧
û뵽̫š
үѲѡҿǼǵãǻỹװ벻ġ
벻ǵõǼǵãҪͻȻƼʲô˿ܱһʱ벻ˣҪ˵˭Ϲ
ô˵Ҫүүǻģ
ƣڲ
ûУ
һ࣬ҡͷûǣʵѡûѰ⽫ɱĽ治࣬εҲ޼˵Ļ
ɣʣʲôˣ


ԵòһЦǸ˫ȫˣҪЧһϵǺһҲܸһλ󽫾ϧףҲͳ޻̸֮
·Ҫҵȥˣǲöȥġ
Ʊû¡
üëˣʮ˲Żˣٲ͵ˣô죿
ƿ۹ȥˣҲ£ֻûô˯
ϰȥ˽ȥҰ
ûſվһᣬȰ˹Žȥ
ôˣˣҲȥ㲻ȥҲҪȥʰƺòá
ֻ֪ƺţŷġ
һŮһˣЩˡ
ʲô¾ͲαҪԹӵ߶ģҲôģЩ۾ĵǣһײأŰȥ£Ů˵𻰡
ôþͳײˣο࣬ǳ˵ģҪţŮи֮ˡ
ͺã˵ʲô㡣ЦǺǵģŮĺϲ£졣
Ҳɣ˵˵¡
ʲô£
˵߹س˵¡
ŮϵЦݣְ֮ûʲôȱ߹ս¸ˣȻ
֮ǰκѾȥ˱߹أûʲôϢǰʱգŮҲȥ˱߹أôôߵ黹ûףϵͨϱĶѾŮˣұ߹鲻ϱ˵ҲҪż˵ģôȥɲҪ鷳
ǲ򲻴һ£ȴֻš
ҡͷ˵ûУԭŮҲ£Ϊˣҹ˻˶ʮˣֻ˼ˣǴҪү߹սѾ
оǰ͵ϮҾˣҾҲء
վ߶࣬Ŀ˸˸
ƣүô˵ģкοתѯʡ
˵ڴʱûѡ˵ǵΨһѡĵ˧ֵҷֱõġ
ĿŮƣõȥ
ŮȻǲãүǵҲŮĵģ˿ãҲȷʵüޡ
һ߹رƣҴʧȥǳأǾҪ֣֮һ˵İΣȲϰǵİΣ
ͷƳˣҲȫһ棬Ĺǻ
˼ǣ
һŮ˵̵飬ͺõúܣÿһɲǻӵģΪ˱ôǱ߹ˣƾΣˣҪȱܱơ

Ƹжޣû۰ƣˣͿޣҲӰ˵Сǡ
˵ǡ
Ʋ˲ᣬ̾ϢһȥſڰƿԸȥ빬壬˵ҪȾƣҪúŮ
˼æȥ빬塣
˱˾ƲˣŹ
ܿһ̳Ƶ̳ʮ⣬ЦǺǰ˽йȥȾơ
¹ĸ˱ƣС˵ġ
Ʊһڣͷþƣ
¾Ʊ˲ŵ߹ؾһο
Ʋ죬˼ת˼
(δ)

İ ʥ

ͷ±ȷʵģҪȥģɱû鵽κ顣
ͷȻңǾ̫Ϊ˻ŵùģֻˣر߹ض꣬ǲɡ
˵ǣ²˭ȥСѡ
ҲգϷȥܴҲǸ£ƽˣ㲻úöϷҴж˿顣
СԵúϧƣԲõ¶ȥֻСһ·۳Ͷ٣¶ޡ
ͲùˣôĵǣοǸӱôġɡ
СлˡҲڿף˫
˰֣Ⱦưɡ
ʮָжôĵǰĸ֣ԭȻôʩϧˡ
ԹڽŰ·;ȻҪȰѻѻѻȺбʲôҪϻ档
׼࣬ƲԷġ
ǰֻаҪúð̥顣
ҹҪ˧顣
ⲻ˵۽飬˵ɲҪͬʱϵһּҪŻ緢־ģն࣬سȡ
ּ뿪˻ʹ
պ㶨Ҫ飬Ҳ˲ˡ
Ⱦıǻ̫
̫²Ŵ¸ӷˡ
֣⼸û밲ô̫ѯʣæŴӦ
κֵûϢүȷʵû
⺢ôͲأ֪Ҫʲôˣǲ
̫ū澲ǻ̫ߵˣʲô»̫˵κֲҲǾľ
̫۹Ͻȥ
ַţ̫˵߹£һæã˶Ū߹ȥˣɼεЩ֣ǹǺöԸģض꣬ΪǼ˲Żˡ
粻££ڳˣ
èġ
̫˵ǡҲȷʵô¡
̫ƣ°ǺѲ˹ϵģֻɿǹҲͰˣҪǻбҴȻҲܵǣʱǴûеڶˡ
̫˼ǣۼҾүҲᱻãһʱ˼̫ݺݵһۡ
æŵͷϴ̫
ʲôҲûֻֻĪ˵ˣǴǲᱳѻϵģᱳѴڣͻᾡľģֻˣҲûõˣǼֶȻҲֻϧûһܱȵϴģֻǱ˶֪
̫ǵı߹س£ֵͷȴ⣺̫ΪҪүأ
һүΪЩ£Ҫˣ⾩ô죿
ǿ԰ֻµʱ򡭡һ󹬸Ҫ֪͢е棬֪һǵˡ
˵ףԸǸģҲڱΪѳӣ
Ҫȥƽ߹ص飬ҪˣƫƫΪûˣ
̫԰ү᳤ġ
ϣɡ
̫ͷѰƸҩ˼žúһЩ
ʱڼһһ߿ˣȥ
ү²С£㲻ǴɷˡҪȥųͶúһըˡ
ոպ죬黹ûãҪȥ߹ء
ο߹Σգôȥ
ȴô࣬ҪȥһҪȥ
Ϊִݣļˣ˹ӺͶˣѾͷҲ˭֪һˡ
׷ȥǶȶ׷ȥһȦ˹
ϷȻ£˰ŮҪ·ͬСɡ
һȰ˵ȴûȰסŵȶٳٲ
ԽʥǧѷĻᡣ
ȴ룬׼ʥƽܡ
˴˸棬Ҳԣһʥ
ϵ۸ոպͻʺ˵˻߾칫ȥˣĵ˫˫¡
һˣϵ۵֣֡
ϣŮһࡣ˵Ȼãϵ۵Ǻ⡣
նԽʥĪǺͶֱŤˣϵŻʺƳƳЦ£ʵֱ̫ˡ
ԴǣϣŮǺͶֱŤˣŮϣ׼Ů氲
ϵ۱һȻû뵽˽ʥΪ˴£ƳҲû뵽
ϣҲΪ˴¡Ǳ߻ûȵϵ۵ĻظƽҲࡣ
ϵۿȥȻĿЩˡ
(δ)

İһʮ ̫

սةฮ֪
ϣŮȻ޸˶һԴΪأҵһ˵˧ŮԸȷ棬Ϊǰ󡣡
ϵΪѡ
ϣҲ뷨»鲻ãǶ󣬳ȷ²ףԸȷٳּ
Ƴɫ԰ףȻǲϣܵܳģȥô
ƳҲ˵ϵ۾͸ԵΪˡ
ʱĵϵһȱˣϴϵ
һſڵϹţȥ㹰ְݼܲμϣʺ
񣬶Ҫ֪ϵʵ
ϣ³֪ܲͬ⡣
Ŷϵһ֪
ϣ˶ûĻϸһңܱӦʱȴǲɡ
ΪΣϵżˡ
˵ǰĽ˶Ծˣɼǵʱ򣿡
ϸ£ʲôüǵá
˵ˡ
ʱȫ˿ңǱ鲼ǺۣҲܶץۣҲ֪ôˣ֮϶˺ۡ
ʶ·ô£˺ô£ֻǿԡ
ºʹĸĸ˵϶ǳԾͶ˷֮ˡ
˵ϣպ˶һԱƶϣһºЩϢ
һȥҪһأܲġ
ǻȥˣ㲻ǣΪҲûгĵϵ۴˻һء
ϣҪȥĸĸ밲иˡ
ȥɡ
һ֪㲻ȾˣȾ¡
˵ִĵˣű㿴ˣΪ˷ֹܳȥ̫˰ȥ˻Ǳ߱סˡ
ƽҪϵ˵ģȥһҲãǾȥɡ
лϡ
ƽۻʺƳתˡ
Ƴæסƽܣƽܡ
ƽת̧ͷƳ˵ʺء
ȥˡ
Ƴ﷢Դϴε鱻ײǽܾû˵ǲԭġ
̫Ѿ˯ˣ뻹˴š
̫󣬾̫Сڴ齱˵̫۾
æһ̫˵ˡ
ǡæӦʡ
̫˵ȥɣ
ǡ
˵ȥ洫ôϵģ̫ôˣ
Ҫ̫󡣡
̫ոҴ̫ūתţ̫š
̫ңѾƵƣ̧̫ͷŶĴ齣æŹ밲μ̫󡣡
̫Ŵ᣿۵Ϲŵˣɣǰ˵ɣ
̫һ£ȥǰŴ¡
ôˣʲô鲻˵Ҫѱ̫ͷǺܸˡ
̫˵飬̫֪
ȥɡ
ǡ
ȥţ˳
̫ſڣӰ̫ƿᣣֱӴӴ̫µͷ
̫ȥɣ㶼ҹң˵лô
̫Ϊѵǡ
̫̫˼˵̫ת̫֮أ
ŵùģµ뵽ϷԸȥӳеһк
̧ͷȥǺܳеģСеģѲ㻹ųն
ԸΪѡ
ˣ˯žˣö»Ҫȥأ黹˵ҲֻǸ˵ֶأȱżԻغϢġ
̫ѹֻ֮Ҵ̩񰲡
̫гɣΪˣҲֻܴˣСҲͿ̿˵Ǳ۾ɱҲܸһʣžƽƽ
ס
Ȼףʱ㲻ǸڼҴһô̫תȥ̫ͷ
֪ˣˡ
ȥɡ
̫뿪̫˵ϾӣģѾ취ȥɡ
̫ſת£л̫󣬻¡
ȥɡ
̫ҲˣתȥϢ
̫ҹϱ㴫Ⱦ˶һ顣
һǱдԣ߹ظ漱ǾػģʹʧŮԻģܵǣ
ԭةฮͥ壬ȥͥУÿ춼Űݼƽʱ˶̽
˸Ҫƶ޸Ϊ顣
Ϸˣλأپۡةˣ¿ʼơ
(δ)

İһʮһ ³ɺ

ة˶˲£үΪʲô·ƣ
ƽϷ򲢲ͬ⣬κλѾּ⣬±ûл֮ˡ
ȥ߹Ҳãڱ߹ؼҲǼҳ㷹ȻԸϷ򲢼սһǺ£ǰݡ
ֻǾ̫Բ𣬳·࣬һӣϷ㣬Ҫӵġ
үˣүŵģôԷƱء
οֳ̫£үĻô
ܴȨգʲôܺүڳϵĵλة˵Ǻܵ⡣
˶ϵģƾһ㣬ةฮĺҲˡ
ة࿴ȥɫŭ˼ңͷʶ̣˵棬Ȼˡ
㵱̫ǲˣ
ةһɡ
ة̾Ϣ̫ΪϷֻ̫ڼﾲˡ
Ůڶ࣬һʲô
ǲһŮ͵ʹɼһϧͺñһֻҰèҰ
Ǹһ䣬γ䱣
ѡȥ͸ģʱң̧Ƥ
ģݰ
Ϸˣ
ǡ
ҲգɣģϷϷģݵϷһգϷ͸һʱҲܷˡ
ةЪȥˣةȴвʡ
ôʧҲûлˡ
Ҳ˵˴£Щ
ֻǾ̫Ⱦ˶񼲣ðˡ
ҽβãҲβˣҪȥЩⲻȥˡ
뵽Щ˳İҩϰȥ̫
̫ҪȥţܼһˣæԺ
̫ʱͬˣԴӳ˱߹ص飬̫ͳ˱֮Ψֲĵطŵ޼
ܼȥˣܿ밲ƽȥ
ҶԳӭӰƣƸ˽ȥ
룬ҹ棬Ǽҹס˵ûмҹķԸǲܽȥġ
ллˡתŰԺӡ
ԺﻹվһˣƱȥ˾̫סӡ
ž̫ڴţȥһۣ̫㻹ðɡ
ӭͷԵſϷϷ̿֡
̫ЦˣүæǰȻҲ̫
үǺæϷ򲡵æˡ
Ǿ̫ҪУ̫֪ﲻҲö֢ҩ
أʹ˰ɡ̫Ȼ
Ҹ̫
ˡ
£̧ס̫֡
ҲûʲôҲšɫһᵹǷˡ
̫ƽʱаҹϰߣ
С̫ȷʵôãܾ÷Եһ㣬߹زʡĵ飬̫ҪؼװװͲˡ
̫պĪٰҹˣ裬ٿҩ̫úЪţⲡҲҪ
ˡ
ȥ˼ҩŰȥˡ
뿪̫һ躬̫̫ãǺöġ
Ƴ̫ûʲô󲡣ֻڼװѡ
ʱװ̫˵̫Ǹ鳼
˾̫ԺӭˣƿĴŴ粻ʶҲû˵߹ȥˣԷתƣ
ƱסЩˣ⸮ﻹϵ㲻ģ
תŮӣĲףһ޵ѣߵŮĶһСҪá
Ҳ£ر˫һۣ˵ʱʮ
Ʋϵԭļ˵һ㶼ûС
ǣƶһǣֿɲ˭ܽеġ
ʩʩ˼ͣЦˣҲǷСô㲻ϵˣǹ˶Ѳ˿Ͳϵˣ
ƸãȻˣô˵Ǹʶģ
ǼҵĿôھ̫ĸϣҪġ
ʱ˴˹һʩʩΪѰƣɫѿ
Сˣ˼æߵƺ;ʩʩǰڣųŰƸ˸ӡ

񡣡
ƴʱ֪ǰǾʩʩ
ѹ˵ģԭг
ŰɣѾ׼ˡ˹
ƿ۾ʩʩҡͷˣһ£
תߣʩʩ˰ƾϵʯͷʹһ°ơ
ûзУһסʯͷתʯͷ˻ȥֱھʩʩĶͷϣѾʩʩĺ˲˵ͷѪˡ
ʩʩ׼ǰʣתһƣҪĶʲô˶ҷˣʮ
ƾʲôʩʩžʩʩȥ
(δ)

İһʮ ƽΪ˭

תƹˣŮ޷ǰЩӱҹݻңδụ֪̈ܽҰ£дһ·
ˣҲƽϵģת뿪
˶˱ȥ˾̫Ժ⣬Ѵ˾̫
̫Ƭ̣ʮôټһ٣ϳȥӵżң׼ٻؾҡ
ǡ
˻ȥ˴һʮ壬ֱӸӻ˾ʩʩżҡ
ʩʩĿˣֻʣһӲţ»ķԭϲʩʩʱһ˻һҾʹҲǸܳģһ֮Ҳܾʩʩܵȥˡ
ʩʩҧŰ죬Ǽһ
⼸һֱ˼˼֮ϣʳãǿǹķʱʣʲôطˡ
СѻÿնڷȣƽÿնҪ氲ÿһΣкѻϢ
ÿ춼һûʲôչ
վɣ˹尲ĵطȻ͵Ϣ
ʣΪĵǧŮǣ
ѧĵǺܿ죬үȥǿϧˣ
˵ţſڸ˸ӣүƽ
ƿȥɡ
ǡ
ȥ棬Զ鷿棬æȥˡ
һ㣬ʮ⡣
ԺõƷԣ
ƽŰưݼƽӡ
£ʾƽȥ£Ҳ¡
ƽߵһ£ӣճǵˣ
ǡ
ӣǷ׼õ
˼ƽΪκȻ£
ƽ˵ԭɣ˴γÿвͬһݵǾҵĺھȥھĲǰвǷס
±߹£ƽϢսһǺ£ܣҪ衣
ʱ׼ˡ
֪о̣УҲҪ׼ԭ
ָų͢ƽģҾ͢ͰǰĴͻ¡
ʱѾһºս²֪ˡ
׼Ȼ
ƽ˵ǵҲϿɣƽ׼һȴһ⡣
»ҪүϾѺһҲҪѡ£ǿʲôѡүҲûС
·ͬСɣҪ͢
ӣҿѺݡƽ
һ˼
ƽĪʲôң
ӣƽȷʵƽ˵ƽҪ£Ʒ
ܹ£Ҳ㣬ɡ
ƽϸȻҲΪʲôݵֻҲȻɣƽʱӵ鲻ʲôǼҪ½½Щˡ
ӱȻǱǶģݵһҪʹү
һҲҪ˵壬ƽѺݣһ书ʲô˵ˣˣ˭Ū
ƽȻа취ģƽѾѵһˣƽȻᰴͰΪӰ£ڹƽǰ˼ˣǶ֮ͽƽѾǣѺݣԵľֻҪѺݵɡƽг񣬰Ƶû뵽ƽû뵽ƽġ
ȥɣʹү㡣ư˰֣ƽˡ
ȥĹ壬ֵүƽΪ˭ȥģ
ô֪Ů֮±ôסߵƵĽǰȥ¡
޸ãʣҵ
ƣ֪óЩʣ
ҡͷҵҲүƽûүܿҵ
ɫһΪһҪȣ
Ҳ벻˵Ŭһ᣺ƽܵпܡ
Ƶ˼ǣƽܱȱǿ
ɫģ˵ǿ
ƽҾͲ֪ˣȻǲүġ
棿ü
˵ٵģȻģƽôԳĵģ
ƻЩ벻ͨġ
嵹˵ֻΪһ˶ȥпǣ㲻ˡ
үҪɱɱɱҴƱƽĵģֻΪ˭ȥҪá
үģҪҪƽȥ
£ȥɣ±ҲڿǣֻƽȥЩģ˲С
ү˼ǣͬƽȥѺݣ
ţһ̽ƽ׼˴˴γǱ֮£׼Ʋźá
ǾүģԺһ֪ͨƽ
һˡ
(δ)

İһʮ ƽ

ʥܿ㿪ʼ׼ƽǰ밲һװĴ磬˵ģ
ƽĴ磬ƾ֪ƽʲô
ǴٰˣȥѺݣ
»ҪҲûдݣ׼㹻һ·ϣһ½ȥݣٷֿѺˣĻԼҲԱݵ
ǰѾݣһʱòôҪߵҩ͹£ҵʱݱܱˡ
Ʊƽһ˵ĳˣȻ֪
ƽһԣ½ҲģϾ߰ǰҵҲ㣬ȥĻԵģֻǴգСġ
ܷʲô£ҪҶֻϣƽµĻʲô£ֻⱲӶʳѰˡ
ү˵ҪͬУһ֪˭
ӣүԼǣƽϣȥˣֻǿƽһˣ׼ʱƽǸƽȷݲ󵽴ʱ䡣
ģаš
Ȱƻش𣬹ƿŴվƽæȥݼƽμү
˰֣ɡ
ƽӵվ̧ͷ塣
ĿƽţǿȻ֣Ϊ£Ͽɵġ
ֻȥȷʵв֮
˵ŵֻ㣬ʱ׼ҪҲʱ㰲ȫġ
ţ
ڡ
Ŵϥأͷݡ
˵գͬУбİȫ
лүƽҲд⣬˲żˣƽҲͷˣƽҲ˼ˣүǼ˵ĿмĹƣƽ߼ãƽҪǷ£ٿĹƵĸ潻үƹܣ֮ģүС
үֻҪĸŽǱȥ
ƽóһСӣ̽滹п׶Ÿոպãƽ˫ַϡ
ӿʼ𶯣ƺЦǶңǹƳҲ¡
򿪺Ӱƿһ棬ĸҵƸϽ˹壬ƳŰ
ˣҲˣҿŶͨ˵ӡ
ӣǼλӡ
ǰݼҵȼӡ
Ŀ⵭޲ż˿ȥ϶µĴ˹ѣš
㼸ԸùƳô
Ը
Ƿðɡ
˱һɫСӳ׼ȥ
̺סǲүҪǷã̽ǰˡ
ⶫǸ׼ģˡ
ȻƽƽӻóһСӣֱӷŵȥ
ҲȥƼæߵƽߣ³
ƽѾȥƣӣⲻʲôҩǻĸͻᵽڣƳԶӺúչĸ漴ɣƽı֤
ΣΪʲôôɵ
ӣƽģڽƽҪûӣƽѾˡ
ƽɵ
Ʋ˲ᣬݺݵĵһ۹塣
Ĳãº޹ϵ
Ʋĸɾû۹壬תƽ
ƽ·СģҲˡ
ƽһСģƽչСǡ
š
ƿƽˣǷȥĸһúչˣҲϣǺúñƽ
ҵ
׵ƽʮһˣƸǳȥǵ˳⡣
ƽʮ·˼ʮˣϴһЩƽ
ƽͷһۣſȥ
ƴӰ߳ƽʲôʱѧ
ѧˡתȥֻεĻͷ벻ͨƽΪ˭
幬
վڽ幬⿴棬Ů磺㶼վ߰ˣذɡ
վһ᲻Ȼȥɡ££ϵ磬˳ȥ
Ůæǰǣ
ȥ԰ߣȻȥ
ūŮҪţƿŮȥ
԰վһĵǰפ㣬ŰĵŲ칫ϼݵӼݡ
ת£檲μϡ
ɣߣҲڣ
ˣ˵Ȼϵģ˵ÿնˡ
ڵû
ϵ۵ûйֻǿһᣬǰžˣҲû˵ʲôžȥ˽幬
ºܿ촫˻ʺƳĶУƳŪѬ㣬ֻЦЦ
ϵڽ幬û뿪
(δ)

İһʮ 

תһ¡
߹شϢƽѾִ߹ء
ƿƽķɸ봫һ
Ѿ׼ȫûƽڵȡ
Ҳӵ˰ϢѾ˱߹أֻܺãѾսһ֮ãҾʧء
ɫشӴ
ԽԽأ⼸ݡ
һӾ͸һƿ£ʼֽŸˣ˵ߣŲ£ҲͲȥˡ
ӵƽϢƻڸ֮УŰϢ߸壬ƿɫ˻ȥ
ү
ƻŰɡ·ŰãͷƷŵ
ưѰſһ飺үô˵սҾѾأϵڣ
һģΪʲôϻһ±ֻܵ˵Ϣϣһꡣ
ү㻹ǻɾĴģ
Ͼ꣬߻ʵԶΨĵıŮŮңŮڹҲܳ裬ʲôϣˣ֮಻ͷԡ
Ǿ̫Ҳã̫ĺҴĸҲⶾ֣ǳμҲҪվǻġ
̾ϢҵǸʲôطôҶˣҲ־ı֮ģңҲıҵŮĪ˵ǻϣ˭Ҳ۸
ȫǰ״ʲộΨӲܱ۸
岻ǵļӣӰһ
ҲŵƵĶϣҲǣԱԽ顣
ǾãҪ췴ҲǵΪŮʵĻʼҵ顣
ģ㲻Ůίѡ
ǰɡ
סȥˡ
۵᲻÷֣ڰ
߹رӪ˳ӭӪؽּ
ؿ֧Ԯ˳ΡԷžʮֿ
ֻһЦһЦѾףѾĴģȻҪš
Ȼ˯֮ʱ
Ӫҹ𣬾һţ󲿷ֵ˶ȥȻǰ˹ǣҲˣദ¡
˼Ա´󽫴Ӿ밲˯һ˵²ɣ϶ֲС
ԥһˣҶ˵
˵ŰݣȲѵĿԣһ̰ɡ
˵һѴ󿳵Ű߹ȥҪѰͷȡ
󵶻£ѪĽ

ҹѣӴŵûð
һӣȼڵʮյ͵ƣۺῴ塣
үμҵͷնˡ
ƸоĺʹҪʹˡ
סĿڰ´߲治
æ´ŰƣߵſƿСѻվڷŽϢϢٳûеǰԭ
үһֱûϢ
ƣİɣ££֪°£ο
Ҳûû£ǲİҲ֪ôˡ
վһȥϢô˯š
۾ͿѪɳĻ档
Ʋ˯һᡣ
ҹ´˻ûϢˣƫƫˣôǷģ˵˼䲻Ļ
ҲͲСˣͱҪ곤ôǸģҶֻǶȥҲࡣ
ˣĶָŰŭҲˣҪ㣡
תüȥһһЦȥԡ
㡭ǰ˷һ
һתˡ
һԹ帺ֶԲãҪǷ޹ӣʲôϵ
ôðֺﲻӡ
ȻǻԼϱ磬㻹ȥѶһ˴ζߣڹйأǰڹҲǰ취ĪʶҪл
ġ
俴Ҳ䱾ˣǣ
һת뿪ȥˡ
忴ˣȥҰơ
ҲļˡŰƽ͡
Ƶͷ֪ҲֻķҲûϢܰæүֵҲүġ
ҲˣֻƲ֪
ǰɡ
˵˻Ϣһᣬμ˰ֱˡ
(δ)

İһʮ ߹֮

ƱȲˡ
ӷʰȥ
үˡ
ľûУҪȥ߹أҪ˲С
үˡүҪʲôʱ򣬶ľһ
ȥľҪǣҪľޣľѧ꣬ľкô
ǡ
ߺ󣬰ƿСȥˡ
Сһ̲ˡ
ƿС뿪ȥիǱߡ
Ǻס
ľ޾ſڣǡҲڸ˺ܿ͵ֱȥի
ˣ￿ţԱæź
ľȽţ֪岻֮š
ˣ۾Ϣ˽ߵķ𣬰ƲŰ۾
ľ˿⣬ҪľߵİҪ֡
ľߣ˵ĴӣҲиǰӴľ˵иľ޻ǵһμ
ƿЦá
⻹ãϵЩףˡľƵæ
ĪүҪ֪ˣҪˡڸ˶֪үǳԴϲˣԴϲŮˣľ޿Դ׵ġ
ľ޺ںĿһʲô
Ҫſˣɡ
ˣȥҺͿ˵仰
ǡҺ£ƿľޣ˵Ҫȥ߹ص顣
ľ˵Ҿ֪û£Ȼ£ϴ££ѵͷҪ棿
ҵڱ߹δүҲѲҪȥۿҵұ㲻ģûˣұңĻǾˡ
ߣ²ңҵˡľһᰲơ
ƿ˽ȥ
˴һеϣŰŹغÿľȥҰƣȥȥ
ȥ
ʲôʱ˵Ҳȥˣľһ졣
˵Ѿ׼һȻҲȥ߹أǽ
ܽǱھߣү֪ʲôʱ
Ҳãȥ׼ϱҪĶϳ
תߣŪľһɵۣôôһأҲš
Ѿ´ľȥ׼ڳغϡ
ľﻢ£۰ƵĶӣСģ
Ҳǡ
ľתˣȥſڿɫ԰׵İΣ֣ܺҪȥ߹زҪ
ҪҲҪȥ⼸òϢһǳˣҪȥȥȥֻˡ
үɲܺ֡æҪ뿪̧֣Ӳ.һ£ſڵ˯˹ȥ
ƿһۺȥʰȥ߹ء
ǡæ£׼ˣ˺Ժֺܸҽͷš
ܸҽѾϰ飬ڣ棬˵ֻǳ
ܸҽǱƭȥģܸҽҲɣźҾͳȥˡ
ָʲô֪һҲ£ｻˡ
ȻҲ䵥Ϸ޺ͺˡ
뿪˿û˵ĻɣֻһЩҩҩ䣬һ١
˳ǰƺܿ쿴˵ˣ׼˳εȥһС
ʮˣ߹ء
·˺ľŮװƵܵܣ˰һС
ӹлֱԺԺƽղͬһˡ
ơ
Ź㺰ˣû˻Ӧ
һֽ
ۣһ飬Ѿȥ߹ˣ˵ܿܵ߹أҪҪġ
үĪҪģ༸ձܰȻһ٣Ҫһ£Ҳͼգү;е飬Ҫǹңƾϡ
ɫһȦûҵһŭ֮´ԺʯͷӣһŵΣ֪ĻΪүҪ
ܼҹڵϲطˡ
߰죬ۿ߹ˣҹ̣ȫۣ岻С
ҶŻãΨȫۣԸȥ
Ϣһᡣƿӿһۡ
ﲻǺõطʺϢ޶ûС
ľ˳Χ۲졣
ҡͷʾľ޲Ҫ˵
֪ҶǨһ·Ѿ˺ܾá
ЪˣǼ·߹ȥǰϢܵطˡ
ƷӣܣҲҪһˡ
(δ)

İһʮ 

˵ԵĲ࣬Բ̫ôȥǲС
ȴǵ߹ôĵطֵط׳ˣǶҪֵܿط
ñ񣬴С飬Ӷűô᲻֪ǰƵ塣
үۿˣҪСˡ
˳үľľү˶Ǵӡ
˺ľ޻һۣϢɡ
Уߣ֮ǰ뿪˴Ϊһ۴ңһ̵סôö̵ˣڻһʱô˵ƿ˻ҪϢ
˵תİһƬ̡
˵߰ɡ
ӷ°һϣܰȻ뿪źá
Ҫȥʱһ궯СѻȻɵ˰Ƶļϣ˵ˡ
֪ˡ˹۲Χ˿Ĳ͸Щˡ
ľޣ㲻Ҫ뿪ңһҪ㡣
İɣҲСģ
˵ţһ̧ͷȥΧɼ䣬ľһƿˣסһ
ҿ˵
ʼû³ֻǴҶ棬ʱҶ³תŵĹ׼һ֧ɼȥϲ˻ҩٵȼ˻ҩһ
ľ޴
˾͵شҽвѡ
ưٴ򿪣ָŪΧһЩ˾͵ضѪض
ͰͬĺͰѶʱʲôҲˡ
ΧƿӶ԰Ƶ˵ͷƲɿȥЪš
·ǰ߾ȻֳһˣЩеŹˣ²壬ŵƹ⿴ǵ۾ɫģɫİס
ƿӣƿһ᣺׵ˣǻˣʹɱɱҲûá
ö
ľʣҡͷûãѻѻڣСѻа취ô
ʣСѻ¸½УƳüǾû취ˣֻ취ûˡ
ϰϵĹӸľһѣľ޴ϣһһߣҲѵصժǰٽӽȥ
һһѻЩûǻҪ
ʶããҪͬھľߣ¡
Сġ
ľҪŰ뿪ƺס˶
ͣ£ƴ˳°ٷŵϣŪһ
һһˣ˺˽Ӳ.˰죬Ҫ
Ȼûʲôãǣ취뿪ûİ취
Ҫǳô죿ľ޲ġ
ܲôˡ
ƵѾʼЩˣҲ׼뿪βȻ˳ֱӵ档
ˡƸоβ˷ܣҲһ
ľ֣˭ˣ
ʶİɡƱٻص棬ڣ𶯣궯ǺЩġ
ת
ʮƥһϮͷ˴һףͷϴñӣǺɫ˲ͷҲֻһ˲˿ʱɳ۶ȥ
תΧסǰֱӳУغʬƬ
ƶƥ˵ıӰЩүһүǸǡ
ܿ˱̤࣬ʣߺˣ
ǰƥϵأαװģҲû˵ʲô
ʣǼҵģ

ŤϵˣһᣬҲûشת˹ȥ
˲⣺ܸ߰
תһˣתǰ档
ƹʬһ·뿪ӣ·Ҳûʲô顣
ﰲȫĵطͣ£ƴȥҶ
ҶΧţȥ㲻ȥ˵
ûбˣֱӲ˶
û¾͹ˣżǿÿ
ʣô㣬үأ
ҪҪģûǲǺʧ
Ƿˣʲôʱˣ鶷졣
ʧеģǸ࣬Ҫã벻ңһǾҪˡ
ͱûʲôͬȴ˵ĴûҪһ϶ȥҪԲ˶ߡв
ҿ㣬޷һУվֻС
ƱٻҪϢ
˼ŰƵĻվһᣬǰ뿪ˡ
(δ)

İһʮ Ů

˯һᣬʱ򿴵ЩѾˣ׷ȥһۣͷܾʶֿҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ڵ߹سǳ⣬ûǾ˵սңǰþӪ˴𣬰ݶչˣҲ˲ΣɢңаĻ̻̣±ƳǳأͿ̿
һҿջס£СѻͶβҹӪȥ̽顣
ƵڿջСѻǵϢһȵϣСһﻹû
ȵİƽ겻
ϴӿջ̧ͷһ۳¥棬ôȴôԶ
Ҳ̫ˣԽȥ˴Խȥ
˵ܾҵû£Ҳ֪Ϊʲôμҵ˿ͷ­嵹¡
ǵң밲Żȼ˰Ͳˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǣһǵϡ
˴ҹ´ϼ˱ˣվ濴ŴڣֻϣǶû¡
˴ӳǽȥܿ쵽ӪУҵ󽫾Ӫһ滹ˣû˵ŵġ
һᣬһѲߵıȥ굽˾棬һȥڵĹˣ֪ǱˣתҪȥſһֱӰסˣֻܺ˴ó˱
ƹһ£һ׵˽ʣ˿һ£ƽܣ
ƽҲסˣ˰֣ȥɡ
뿪ƽ̱ȭ񣺡ĩμ
һᣬһͬ˸ˣžʱìܵʱ
أæʡ
ƽתȥ棺롣
ٽؿٽСǸƹϹսģȻûеǹƥȥ˵оҲ̣ǰϵѷٽ
ٽ롣
һͬȥʱھ濴ɳ̣׼պս
˽ߵǰϥأ˲μ
תϣһҹµһ֣ôûס㣿
Ǻġ죬һŻˣ۾û
˵ʲô
Ҫˡ
ƽҲһ⣺ոû˵
Ҳûҡ˲Ĵ
æʣأҺŮһ𣿡
ûУ˽Գģڿջ档ϳ˵龭˵һ顣
ɫࣺƽܣȥƻȥſڵǡ
ȥ
ƽܴ˸˺ܿϵջſڵţֻ֣СѻͶβΪʲôһֱû֣׷ʲô顣
ջſжưѵ˳
æȥſڣҲѧһЩèķ΢жϽ䱸
ľվڰƵߣעſڡ
һˡ
ſ˵˵æӴһȥſڡ
˴ƽܴƿƽϲ⣺ƽܣ
ƽܴȷٵĿףϸĿڣٽ
ҲƽܾͺãǣҪǸҹȥӪڳ¥µء
á
ϸƽһ˾Ӫ¥¹Ȼĵš
ʱȥĺȹϵϡ

ƺһ䡣
жĲ޳æȥҰƣһŮӷ׵ԲĴӣ۲ѣǸǧǲֳŵ۸ˣȵȥ˰ҡ
£͵͵ܳģȻȥ֪ǲҪҴأƼѣһ˵һ߱ס
ңڣͲҡİƣѵסûޡ
Ů˼һصӪ֪ӪѾӹ˹ȥ
ΪҪıɱھӪƽź;ͨŵĵоͶû뵽ûȵоˡ
ʣƽô
⣺ƽҲˣ
ǣģҽӵϢ͵һ𵽵ģӦøŶԡ
Ҳ֪ˣһˡ
Ƹ֣ԥһ£²ż˵顣
ŶŮģƲ˵һͱһˣʲôҪŮģŮ˵һͷӦ
Ҫͨѹƻǲţôһˣô飬ڱ߹פض꣬ѵ֪һʧǧźޣ
ȻǾˣĺܲңиŮΪҪǾôˣô죿
»˵ûץͨѹˣͨѹҪ֤ݣһȴ֣ӵûҵ
ӣ
(δ)

İһʮ ǮǸö

һ֣жӣ
ƣӶ֪Ůģ֪
Ʋ죺ǵˣôĶӣˣ
Ӧòǣ͵ͬţҲһȹƵģȻǺɣҲǸҸ嵨ˣԵ޹ʵĲͨѹεľٶͺйϵҪȵľǵ䣬ͨѹ̫ŻˣҪǣлصġ
ʱˣЪţ˵ƣڵľУµӦ㡣
ǡ
£ɢƲȥҰ֪л˵
Ů°ʣǲʲô˵
ŰƵ˵⺢ôһ㻰ھǺú帣ãҪ㿴ӣˣһҪеʲô£ɽеô죿
ⲻûôƿο
һ̾Ϣˡ
ġǲµģǰһҹûôϢǵ¡
ҲŮ˵¡
˼ǣܿǱвҪԭΪӱץˣƲ²⡣
ҡͷҲδǱץˣ˵
ôһӣ
ܿ϶ѾʮˣһֱûоʲôҪɱϣоҾģ˵Ǿûͨ.ҾҲһߵļϸǿźž֪ǲǱɱ˵ġ
ҪͷûͷȻ֪ɱʧˣҲͲ
Ʋòء
ǵôǣ
ǲֻҪҪϾڵǱͲܾҪȲܾǵа취þڣΪʲôѹˡ
ˣ̲סޡ
ȴЦЩż£֮Ҿݡ
ҪɱΪңݵȼˣȻȳһЩվʧ˴룬ǵݣô࣬ҲҪЩʱա
Ҫ˵ҩ£һ¾ҪˣʱҾû¹оٶϮѶԸ
а취Ʋò˵ƽξҪԸͷˡ
а취ɲţӶ࣬δݡ
ǿδأֻҪҵƽ¾ͰˣһֱûŮҲ֪׷ʲô飬԰꣬ȥ
ʲô㲻ȥôˣȥӲߣڿʼȥȥ
ǵȥéޣѵҲȥһȤİݺݵĵһۡ
ŮھĵȻ죬ƽܽȥ緹
ԹȥŰܾŮŰȥ˾
ƴӾӪ˼ʮ׵˹ѺĵطҿȻéޡ
ΧȷʵѬ죬涼ȥˡ
ôֵط
һЦû취طȫҪǵԸģ˿϶ҲԸǵÿ춼ĵطҹҲû˷֡
ҲδذɣҪ˾أ˼ҿ뵽ʲôҵײпܵġ
ǾǵˡԲˬǾԲһģطΧȻû˿ţľʺܽÿҪ˵ģ˭Ҳ뵽
Ȼһ㣬ʲôûֻǾίŮҪֵط
ȷʵЩܲˣȥǿŶŻ²ߵ棬ߵéӰƸͲȥ
ƽʱʲôµĹˣǸͰҲޱȣﰲƺȻʶǮǸö
ߵ氲ƶѬˣߵһһӣӱµé汻һԲľͰԲľͰǸͷƿˣȻɸɾģʱǰӢˣͳ˸ͷҲˡ
̧ͷŰһʿɱ裬ʲô£֮ɽ
ƾȻơ
Ů
Ʋ죬ʶ
㾹ȻǵҼƣǾˣĿ˵ãҼǵܹҲûȥΣǴҼſڼƣƲʮġ
ŮôˣһƸоó˶ûʲô⣬ǸȻˡ
飬ıȻ֪ģȻһҲԹѵ˵;֪
ˣˣͬţЧһϣͬǴ󽫾㿴ŮĶӶңֻΪҵңͲˣ㼸Ů˭㣬Ҳ㲻ˡ
㰡ǹùģ
(δ)

İһʮ ֱ

ֵ˵ƿһȻĳǸĺ
԰ڹ԰ڣҪĿȴ԰ô򵥡
ߣ㲻ǰŪҲǿȥͬΪӣŮѺھǳŮѺھǳ˶ŮȥҲòȥ
ˣ߹룬ʮЦٲֻǻûٲʱһ죬ŮҲȥʱ㻹ҡ
ʣûʼȢΪǣҵĽ
ΪأɫѿҺһұЧңѺ޶СҲˣǺŮ׵ʵ
Ҿ⼸ʮ˵ϹᣬȴĹģڱ߹פر߹أѵе޶Сô
ĳ޾ͰŮˣżꣿ
˵ݺᣬƵЩѹ
۰˵û˵Ů£
˵ʲô˶ˣʲô˵ģ˵ѹ
һǹֱ
ҵΪ˹ֱ֪ģЩҲǲģûиҲò˵ŮǸʮĶˡһ꣬ǾҪʵ档
һƵĻ˲ϻ۾ԲѰһؿڡ
Ҫ²
һ𣬰ԸˣʣҼƺĺ㣬㻹ŻƣҪǱŻˣƤ
֮ɽǸŮûһöҼҳѾˣǻˮҳȥŹľǡҪŽţã˫Ѫ졣
ƺȻŭұ죬˭ҵġ
סҲסˡ
ӣö̥
İƿѿ˵˵꣬ҪǾ˵ĲԣԺҾҲ˵ˣǸˣ㲻ܴˣϵϣµоŮǺǻʳġ
Ůãδؾá
Ů׷ͺڷ飬Ҳ룬ѵҪˣܿҪˣҪˣǵĵͲѹô
˵ʲôû⻰еŹ֡
ҲѾĶһһ˵ŭ𣺡ǸŮѪˣԼʲôв֪˭֪ǲ֪߳ܵˣȽֶεõҼҳŮô˵
ҡͷ˵Ҷ˵ˣ㲻Ҳû취ҵˣ¾̫˭һ㣬ŮŮ
Ϊʺ뾡һֶΣԹҪɱңѾǵһΡ
οԼҪǲһȥɱܿҲѪĶ
ֻ֪ˣ׵Ҳôģ
ľͰ棬˫
žЩŰȥ档
ŮȥƼæϴϴ·ȥҰ
ƴͿվڴ渺ֶ߽תŮŮҲĳϴһ·
Ƶûŵʲôõζ
ƺǺܸˡƿĳ
Ψ̾Ϣʵ˵ˣЩפر߹أھǺγǣǰ
һֱͿģôʹˣ
ЦݿףͷƵͷϣᣬƻСʲôõ˰
ˣƳˣһǻûõģû˿ô죿
ûˣûõʱŮҲͲܳˡ
ϣҸ˼ңƫƫϲպģҪܿࡣ
ģŮֻܿ࣬
ŮҲ֪˵ʲôֻ˵Щģ˵˶ˣ˴ˣҪٴ̼ˣϾʧȥŮ
Ҫұɱˣɱҵ˻ǻϣǰʣҲֻ׿֤ʵףǲưոݵģ˭ɱ
ȻһӵԲҪңͰһٶ飬һɷĩ
Ҫӷôˡ
ŮƣӦܷʲô¶Ҫš
һҪúТȻҪúûš֪Ǵˣ³ˡ
룬ԭĻéеͲǾֱӻ֮ɽˡ
ԭǾĶ֡
ûǺûǻǰġ
ٻ󣬵ֻϣܺúõģǸģҲƽϹȥЩ£պǶ㲻ãšԴ˵
Ƶͷһġ
Ůվһᣬһȥ
(δ)

İٶʮ ѻ

Ϣ˰Ʋ׼ȥСѻͶβ
ƴӾӪȥΧĵطó׼ӷһ¡
кܿһֻѻû䵽˰ƶʯͷϡ
ѻ
֣ô㣬ѻô
ѻˣƿѻߵķǵоķ
ôˣôˣһ⣬æߵƵ׷ʡ
Ҳ֣ΪʲôѻȥķǵзľӪѻġ
Ƶʱԭû취ȥת˾ʡ
ԹҹŮȥҲ˳ȥ
Ů֮ǰƽѻĵطפ㣬ĸвģƣǲǳʲôˣ
ʱҪѻѻȺģЩҲûѻոһֻѻ˵ѻǲѻȺ;ġ
Сѻ᲻ģҽС㣬ȴûȥ֪ǲѻˡ
վʯͷ磬һֻѻˣ
ԭѻѻڴʯͷϿŰƣƿεĶѻΪʲôУǲʲô£㲻Ҳ֪ʲô飬˵ѻ
ѻ죬Ȼᡣ
ѻһȦ䵽ʯͷϣȥ𿿽ѻʵܺˣرɱˣս⣬кܶ˵Ѫܹоġ
ŮİţֻǽСĵ㣡
֪
߹ȥվڴʯͷָѻ
ѻ˼˰Ƶϣͷһ£Ʋѻѻ˳ŰƵֱߵļϣѰ۵ĲᶼðˣϾĶЩˡ
Ʊסѻַŵѻĳ棬ϸɨ谲üͷ壺㱻ˣ
һѹһκ㣬ȴȥ
Ʊѻ򰲽ô
С
һŪһЩҪιѻ
š
ŮԽԽˣҲû˵ʲôֻ·ϿŮѻʮ࣬æɣ۵ġ
ãѻµѵѻҿ
Ҫǲ˵ʱȷʵѻҿˡ
ǰľʲԶҲŮˡ
صʣ˺ľ޶ڣƻӭ˳ҵˣ
ѻɤӻˣҪѻˣϢѻ顣
š
˺ľӰţ뿪Ӫˡ
ȸѻһЩ⣬ѻپΡ
Щǣƣԣ㻹ܾѻ
˺ͶûʲôֱرǶϣֵģֻһҪرܣſڿŵ㣬˽С
˿
ҲǣµǵģһѪѻʱ
һ⣬Ҳûʣѻⰲ֪ѻûˣͺͰ˵ҪȥţҪѻɤˡ
ŮĻŲɣɱȥš
óӸ󣬷Ѫƿվſڿ
ƣʲôһƷѧŵ߽š
ס󣬿ѻȺˡ
ѻͷʼȰƵѪһŭʲôƣȻҶѪ
֪ѪУҪȺû뵽Ǳ֪ˡ
Ҳ̧㿴ҵǲѾûˣ
ͷŮ֣һ㵣ǣ
Ůзִ磬ֻһѪҽѧϿһ˷ѪʵҲкôģҵѪ⹦ܡⶾ
˵һͿһȥ·ˡ
֪Ҫһ£ȥѻ
ѻѪѻһˣлָᣬվŶģ˫۷Ź⣬
֪ѻѾָˣѻͷ㿴ȥöˣܲ˵
ѻƵĻ¸Ц£ûˣ˵ˣ˵ɣô£
¸¡ѻлһ𾪣ѻûعȻѻû£ȴ
üչŮŮѪܽⶾ˵֮֡
˵ѻץ߹ڵоӪĴ󽫾Ӫ棬Ǹȥѻץס棿
¸¡
׹֣ôȥģ
¸¡
˹ȥץǣ
¸¡
Сѻô
ѻһŸ¸û˼䣬СҲû
Ϣ취ȥѻ
ѻȥϢƲȥŮһʱ۵ƤˣȥϢҲЩ͡
(δ)

İٶʮһ Ҫƭ

ƻĲ̣°ƻǾðѻ˵

Ƹ˸Ǳӣ£˯ɣ㣬ôĶӣ°
мŮ˵ˣһֱԸ˵ҲΪ᲻ĺá
ʮΣ
۽ʪ󣬺ޣ
˵ϵı˵ˣ˯ɡ
һ˵ĺãҪȻⲻȥ
Ůһ¶ĬˣҪ뿪һס֣ҴС޸ĸǸ¶Ҵûܹ鸸Ұһֱ׵ġ˵
Ҳݺᣬ̾Ϣһ⵽ô°
ӣ͸һŰƣƵǽʬꣿ
ô˵ֲǣʵһˣŮҲ֪ȥתͶ̥ˣȥҵ磬֮Ůģһҡ
ʵʱ򣬲ˣطˡ
һֱû˵Ҳ֪ô˵Ҳ˽ģҪһֱңҵ
ԽԽġ
ңϲңҲҪ˵
˵갲Ʒȥˣϱָӣѹ
ðԺ󲻻ôˣʧȥ˰ĸʧȥѹ
һˣҲû
һҹҲûô˯һֱѹֱϲ˯һᣬμˣһƬɳĮˣҲû
һżƿˡ
۾ûڰ߸˰ίĲ֪Ǻá
Ҳ֪ǲиʧأ˵ϰй߸ȻʲôûˣҲ̲סѹ
ţ⴫Ҳˣ
á
ã
æŲμһ˼ͷЦǺǵ˽
ƿ޵ˮſڽİ
һƿ޵ĸһæķ˷£ļĲС
ôˣ
żæңƺȻΪ㲻Ҫˡ
һ£æŰѰƱ˹ȥ⺢ӣô᲻Ҫ㣿
ſڰĻޣҲŪˣŮôޣһŵ˳ȥ
ΪǰȿˣŸſˡ
Ҳۣ˵үôôޣǴ󽫾Ҳˣ޵ô˼ɣҲˡ
˲᣺ʲôÿ޵ģôĶӣɽˮ۵Ĳſˣ
˰ƣӸжѹ˲ᣬ򰲽㲻
ƣ˵ЩŻİɣһôܣ
ס˵ƭ㣿
ƣǺŪôܲǵŮأˣʬµҲеģûӵģûȺģУٿ
ȥ͵ƹһӵסƣһӵס˹⣬һ߷ţǸŮӰӶˡ
̧ͷʲô
ʲôָŵϵӰʡ
ƿȥӰӡ
Ͷˣ㻹ƭӰӣʬûӰӡһԴǣһɵȣתŷӦ
˵ƭģƲ֪ΪʲôûһʯͷȻЦֺܵĵĶŰǾúܡ
ߣϵ
ôƭģԴӳɻһֱ仯ܴġ
䲻Ҫȥѻͱһѻȥѻ
ת
ſŮѷ˶Ʒ£ΪܽٶѪͱŪˣʱµһֱš
⺢ԴӼ޸ǵүͱԽԽ龫ˡ
֪㳤ˣˣҪƭȻȥѻ˵ľ飬˵ѻˣҲ˼ļҪѻȻ˭ȥ˭ȥ㣬ҪȥԴڿϣҲȥ
磬ȴһ˵ĸ飬òȥϴϴϴϴ
ȥʲô
תϴô
һƳϴˣͷǵġ
ǾͳԷɣأһϣƴʱޱȳ죬ŰЦĻһѰЦëȻ
ƭȥǵоӪĪ˵ӣ㲻ǣҲȥ˸ƣྯ氲ơ
ƾ͸ɵһ߸˵ĳ𷹲ˣһһڵĳŴͷ
Ա㻹ʣôεģ
֪˵Ѫ϶۵ĵΣӪҲûɱģôΣ
(δ)

İٶʮ ˵

⣺ʱ򣬿һũ˼ֻСǲԶסˣȥ˻һɱһֻθ㲹ӣľ͸ҳˡ
һֻô˳ôƲ⡣
ǲгȥɹĳӣÿⶼ㹻߹߲ԭȴ̵ĵطҲǰѺ֣Ҫر߹أҪ֪㣬ָŻϸҪȥ
ǵı´󡣡һ⣬
̱˵ȥҲͬȥ
һͷˮŷӦžѻء
Զ˵˼ŻŶ档
ƹѻжңܲ
ñȥͬ⡣
ߣ͵͵ȥ
㣬ôȥ
Ա˸Ůھ˵ʱֺĳš
ֱ棬Ʋࡣ
ã˼ȻŶ죬ʱŮģ¿ǺܸƵģü۶Ц
ڰͲ˵ˣҪһκҪƵģˡ
㣬˵Ҫȥѻ飬ôˣ㿴˭ȥ
ȻǸţűı£ȴҲǸʶĹ˰ǰȻҪӰҸŮİš
ƿһ۰˵˵Ƕܺѻҿȥɡ
⺢ӣɣ˵ȥҪȥȥһֱţһ˶סˡ
Ҫȥ
һˣżװǣȰҲȥˣɣ
湻ˣҲѰġ
ûһŮ˵òȥ
Ѵ̧һȺ˵ԲӿԵ
ֻиж
̧Ҳȥ
һ겻䡣£ѴĴָڰƵĴָϣ˿ɿ֡
Ҳ±ЦһߺȻɫһ䣬
ȻƲȥǾʹǼ֮ѡȥɡ˻һʧðûԣԼŮĳ²ȥȴ֮ѡ˳ȥоѻ
ûԣûԣ
㰲ûԣվ
ĩԸǰƽ׵塣
ȥԥһ£̻ԣ³çһЩء
ƴʱҲɫ࣬˵۹ҲϬĺܣȻƽһѪ
ҲǾãƽܴż³ç
ҪǺúسɴ
ƽ΢΢ͷȥĩҲġ
˵Ҫȥ㻹ģ
ƽһ㵡
Ҳŵ㲻Ҫ֣ҪȥҲȥ
ûк֣µҪȥ
üȥ
ʲôˣ
˵͡
ͣһ⡣
һŮ˵ô
ûУһš

֮˽ţһźϡ
򿪽ƣ΢΢񣺡
֮ܿ˽Ž֮˿ȥ͵Բǡ
ү
˺ϵƤƣһѽ˱ס
Щѹүôˣ
˺֣֪ɳʲô֮ཫƿŮӷ׵ҲʲôڳһڣŽ˼֮顣
̺ѹί
μնɱ£˯ųԲ£Ҳүֻ֪͵͵
˵ɴûҲţҪȥӰסܳһͷײ
ݺݵ˵һӵڶʯ
ҶһˣһõĻ󽫾һõвŮȻҪѰ
˵ȥҲЦ
ƿһṬ壬֪ǵĲ˵˵´βˡ
ˣ弱æ֤
ŮɸƵģˣԺҪܳӰϰɣٲһͷײ
ҵ°ˣ
ͷСסˣ
ƿȥЩίⲻǺԸңһزȥżҲԺҪиḷ́
һڶǳصģйǽݣ˭Ҳ˭
ͰȻһ˫۾Ŀڰϡ
Ҫ
˵
ǰǰǹ壬һ˵̣ͬ
Ż£֪ˣóӣϳϿҿҵĵǸ˵ˡ
ˣ֪ˡŪ
˵Ҳˣ
ǡ
ҲһӶڸʲô㿴ңҿ㣬ǶЦˡ
ֻƽﲻζ
(δ)

İٶʮ Ҳ

Ƴ˴ſ壬˵£ôˣ
ʣȥƣһ·ѵΪ˱߹ս£
ʲô£Ψ
ʵôûûΣһΡ
ֲԾӷ׵ԭݵĵʱǸӣȻˣԭˣʱһ˼
ӵ˲ڣ꣬ǳ
ֻǾҲϲĽ
ӷ׵忴ѻˣ
ҾͲˣơԺѻ²Ҳöԡ
°һŮ˵ӶŮϣҲ̹
¿ƣ˹ȥѻһᵥ߱ΪȻȥϢѻ鱾˻ȥȥӪ֮У˵㡣
ң
һ⣬վĸˣææȥˡ
ľ˳ȥ
ҲҪȥѲȥˡˡ
ʣ°ƺ͹ˣЩţ˽ܳˡ
үһ˵£ˡϴ̧ͷ壬۷Ź⣬˫
һ·ļٸƾͲ뱾
üŹ壺룬ֻǡ
ֻʲô
ҲûʲôԼܳģҲ˵˵ඪˣ
֪ˣ屻ĿЦã룬ʲôˡ
ˣķţҹ˯ţƿҲȥסվסԷҲԲ£ѾǰúӦƣɱȲ
ʣүƲ¾ģ
ǲȻأЦˣ
һã
ˣ
Ȼݣ˻´Ƭ̡
Ƭ̽廹ЩδŰ˼ڲŲĵķſ
ƾǲףӣԼ˾ﶼĵ££ôϡ
ƱſСȣԭҲһ˫Ҳ˼˰ģӷ׺İִܲ׳еΣİװۣˮˮ飬Ϊףˮ顣
ǲÿֻӴڴ»εš
¿һʣˣ
̧ͷʱأĽ
ƵһȷŵϣƿȹӸ
ʵû˫а޳־ЩԳ
˵֣ÿĲһֲ޳йǸС
кÿ֡
ƿ˫΢΢һᣬŹʣү˵ҪѻϢˣ㻹ûң
˵
Ϊʲô֪ڿҪ˵
ư龭˵ͷһȸ󣺡Ǳѵѻʱ˷ˣ׵˹ǹĽƵ£Ƶ½ץѻʧȥ
Ӧǡ
ưÿʹ壺үԷô
ûԣȻԣƣ·ѾûϢˣҪϢһᣬű
˯ɡ
˴ܿ˯ˣһߣ˸űӣ§Űơ
һͿŮŮһһȥˡ
˯һ磬ȵϲ˯ѡ
׼˷ˡ
ĸеģ繬˵ȥʡ
Ƶȹ˲ȥˣûЩ֣Ҳû֪Ʋȥڵ
˵Ѿһûˣ֪ʲôءľŰһȥˡ
˳Ǳߣƽѵľ޿۷ָָָûŻȥҲûǻȥҲûӪˡ
ľ޽ŻᣬֱӾȥƽˡ
ľ˰Ʋȥˡ
ǾãľԵδߵôƽ˳
ȻѾ˼ľ޵ԸҪҲġ
˵⣬ȥſڵĽʿס
ƾ֣ǰ˲Ǿеˡ
ǡ
һ˲ȰƵĻ˵꣬óƸƿϺȻһ֡
ƿſڣ׹
ǰ˵˵ˣǶˡ
Ȼöţת뿪
ô˦
ʱһ·˯ˡ
Ҳ֪Ū˸ʲôӣǽʵ˹ϣ߲ˣйвѡ
ӽž˯һֱ˯ڡ
(δ)

İٶʮ 

˴ʱҲˡ
һᣬڶ˯ˡ
ʱѣ۾˵˼תһ·࣬ǰ㿪ġ
ԭ˼ϻȥ;ȥ᲻ãӲ׷˹
һ·ˣûˣΪŮ˶£˲ˡ
⿪˵Ŀӣ˵üġ
ȥ۾ˡ
һ£졣
ֻǿŶ·ξүʲô
˶ӦһΣѭ򽥽
һ뵽Ҫµ飬ͷлүȫ
мҪ졣
Ʋôһ»Ҫ
һЦ˶ԲӦȥ
ȵȡΪ£ʲôԸ⣬һ¶
̣Ůˡ

һ죺ҲûУȥүң
ңǰֳɵġĳȡ
һ¾뵽ʲôң
˶Ȼһ˵ᣬž뿪ˣץ˶·š
үⲻУҡ
˲ȿڣѾȲס˵죬˵һǰ˲հһƬŹĿһ֣񱻵ˡ
뿪Ƭ̣˶Ӧһ£ҲӸȻⲻǵһΣǰζ˶Գʱ򣬱Ҫ˶ѵʱ򣬿ɺã
У˺ƻͰ͵Ļأһհףȫ֪Ҫʲô
˵°̧ͣ𣺡ܣˣ
˻ȥүˣ
ˣ˼˵Ѩλ˷ӦѾۿŹ·Ҳѹ⣬·Ǹһ·ֱѨλԶɢǻš
գ۾ǶصĴ.Ϣֱʮָš
е㲻֪Ϊʲôʣ㻹žô
ս֣˵ַŵؿڣ룬Ǽǵá
ŤͷȥСĽޣ˵һ£Ӧ˶ԺҲӦ˶úүõˡ
պȥƼңǰ㶪ˡ
κִƼұţʡ
һãȻ֪˵ʲô˼еŹ֣Ȼˣԭӵ£
ص˯ţ˼ΣۿҹˣƱԼȥţ£⴫궯վ
Ҫ
ƿ۰Сġ
š
ʣʲô£
ˣ˵Ǿ̫ˣ
վһֿôǾҵˣ
˭֪أ˵
ɡ
ðȥţ˽һ˸Ůסˡ
žȥ˫ݼμ
μݼ
æŷ𰲽Ͱƣ𡣡
ĵƻģʱ߹أֻһĿģҲΪԾȡ
һ񣬿ŵñӽŵʱѾȥ
˿̾һȹŮװͷϴΣղʩ졣
롣ƿһ۰ȥ¡
Ծӣ밲
ǸŤŤˣ˵Ҳ롣
˵갲ȥϷ£ƺ;ߡ
ûˣҲٳɣʵ˴֪ʥּ
ûʥּĶ䣬Ҫǰ첻ףұ㲻ȥԻҲٻȥһׯ̸¸ʤǰ
Ƶû˵ʲôŰ˵ݲݣдˡ
˵չ˫֣ƽüǰŰȥ
̧֣ˣܵ⣬ȻлϵĿǾǴŻϣճԵּ
ǻּģϲˣǿңʧȥˣ׼Ϊ˼ҵһ棬Ȱͷǰ
˵ſƿ۽Ŷԡ
Ȼδ˵Ȼˣȥɡ
лȫ
ƽܣƽܴžȥ˰ߴٰȥϢȴЩ˯š
˴£Ʊʰո֮ģ
(δ)

İٶʮ һӴ

ҾҲʮ򣬾ô˾ȷʵҪ˿࣬ոˣˣ췴ˡ
ˣҲҪˡ
Ȼлϵ뷨
֣Ӣ䣬ΪʲôڻǰǺʵ
ͺʵо̵ĶˣˣҪ˵Щ͢ڵһЩ£ͲˣǸˡ
űӴߴٰϢƿŰʱǸʵİ
һ£ȴ˵ɵġ
㻹˯ߴŰƲ˯
һᣬԸˣֱʣǰûбڲ׼κ߶е߶ߣá
Ӫ٣ʱȫһ˳߶
ľ⿴һۣص¿Űơ
é棬һʹ
ϲŮĴŮϲŮģû뵽Ů᲻ԶǧŮӹйȴҪðȻǸжѡ
Ůһᣬڵž֣ʣûиԷû˯
һֻʱˮȻǽȴûм˹
Ůһʵȥˣôж
ʮĽСȵ۳ˣȵ۷ĽӢսʱ޹
æŲ˲᣺ٽͷͰ˵ҵԸڸģֻϣҵȥϴϴЩͣ泱ʪġ
ƽܵȻĩûа취ȥ˵Լȥɡ
ҪǡһŮܾŭա
ˣŮˡ޵ĸһſεˡ
һŮε˾󺰣Ů
ƽܲҴçæŽ̧ߡ
Ҳˣͽڰˣһס
ϲˣ
Ҳסˣ棿
Ƶͷһˡ
ۣҪˣ
ϲ̵ģ˺Ƶġ
ƿȥЦ֪Ϊϲأ
˵
ûŮٶȿǾ⺢ʱ
׼ԡͰȻЩªҲ³ʲô¡
ԡ£ҲƽܰѾŪ˳ԡһϽĿף˾ڡ
һͿȰ˵ﱣ壬ϾѾ˻ϵã£ܵ
æŲ˲ᣬȥžһǸûУǰĻ濴Щɡ
Ůϲˣʱࡣ
˿ߵˣƽԶ£°ƸŮŮˡ
ž£Ůʱ򲢲֪£ġ
һⲻǺôҪǳʲô£Ǻã
Ůʱδ֪Ѿ˻ϵĺӣֻ˵˵ˣ֪ȥν
˵˸ţɫˡ
˽ԳѾ֪ɫ԰ףǷޣ᲻֪
ͷѾ֪ˣŮһŸϣ˵ŮȰˡ
ôȰģǻϣĻң뵽̰ҵ͵һıˡ
˵˻һסˣƿ۾ԤıŮӻͷȴ£Ҫûʮİգô
õˣҲõıɡ
ϼôҲῴںӵϣ»ɸΪ񲯣οϱҲûѾô
ĳǸȻʤھϧ֪жͣÿÿ⡣
ҡͷҪ£ŮҲˣŮָֻеˣǲˣȥҲ˰ϧˣĸԭҲϲңĸȥұڼﲻ֪ܳ࣬ģҲΪ£ϲ㡣
ֻеżҡ
ʧȥ˵ŮҲûʲôȥ뷨ˡ
ֻǿ⺢ӣϡ
һޣɬŮȷʵ⣬ǸŮ͵ĸĸҲϲֽչˣ˵Ϊ˲ôŮã
ȱޣ취ŮĶӣӣûиء
˵㵱˻ϵĺӣҪȷ£ֻҪ˺ӣǾ˱ϣڻͷҲüԭҲûҪ췴ֻŮĸ׵ĺˡ
ŮҲŮġ
ƣһӴģƵǺЦࡣ
(δ)

İٶʮ ƽ

˵һҵǿԱֻ֤ǲ֪Ƿҡ
Ӧһңڵ֪ĵʱ򣬻۰ģȻʱҵѾʱĶأ
һ죬۰˵ô£
֪֮ɽǻϵĸ˵Ķԡ
һЦǸŮˣ˻̫δӣ̫Ϊ㲻֪ûаǶǼ˸ˣΪҪң
˵Ϊģ
Ȼ˺ˡ
û˸˵ĶôʺҪŶϡ
ȻҶ׵£ãҪͶѡʴ׳꣬ڲģΪʱ硣
ǾãĺΪ̫ӵĿԸ
ҪŶϣҪ췴λ
ʣƽʱºô
Ǳȫͷˡ
죬㲻Ҫѧ㣬ٻãҪҪúõĻţʲôûˡ
ǺһЦ㻹֪ЩһӾ̵ģ֪ʤ̾ͳˡ
㶮ʲô֮ˡŵڣƲϰˡ
Ȼ㻹Ʋңͷϣڱ߹̰۾ã±鴦Ҫ췴㶪ˡ
ҲУ
֮ɽ߱
ߵľ㡣
˵ˣ취ɡ
ŮģȥƵĺȲ衣
ŮСȥ£ûɵĿʼڣŮˣɼ϶ŮǺõġ
ԥ˵֮ɽҲ㣬ӱץˣҲǵˣû취Żô
ʣף
ƺ;˼ײˡ
ǸߵˣҪҽȻϣץӣҴӺ˵ҪĻұԸ⣬˵ŮҲ˷ġ
úͿΪһֱǼģСʱȶˣΪ˵õүүʶӺ磬ѵ㶼ǵˣôһ֮أҶ¶ǲ˼䡣
ҲԵһֱԥҪȻΪƾı£֮ɽˣ
ȥģһ䣺ûģ
ֻͣһЦ
ʣô£
ҪɱʱǹˣΪʱͷأʲôݡԵã顣
Цˡ
һͨü˵Ǵ׵ˣǣ
һҲˣ˵ҴӦˣֻϣܰҶǾȳҲϿСﻹûϣ죬󡣡
أûġ
˶Բϵ£ϧӣҴҪ˶£һҶӶĹ֮ˣϿá
һȻһ
ּ
һæȥˣҲ¹򣬰ƿҲûϣ˭˵ȥȻľ͸ˡ
ּ⣬һȵ֮۳ɳŷɥ޵ɣ֪³չ
һأлϲɱ֮
ּ˵㿴ôɣġ
ߣҵˣּ̫⡣
һҪ£ǿͣɡ
ǡ
˵֮ǰ̫ټһ̫˼ǣȥͻȥǲȥ¾£ҸʲôɣҲҪ
ԭоǡ
һ
˰죺̫Իϡ
㲻˵ôһмʲô侮ʯҪһš
֪ʲôױոҲ˳ȥǰնʾڡ
һ֮ڷָ̫࣬˴󽫾ͷΣƾЩãȻһж̫ˡ
ϣ廹ûƵıͦԲĶȥ˴ʯͷ£Ź
һֱȵҹƲſѻȺ˼ԶӰƶ
ܿ쵽˸ǰƿµϲ⣺ү
ܵô࣬סһڡ
һ죬˵ͷʲô
á
һѱסˣڵϻ˻Ρ
(δ)

İٶʮ ϲӵ

ΧŵЦҸضȥһ¹壺㿴Цġ
ЦôˣЦ֮顣
ƿƣµ뱾ûУ
̧ͷʲô
ΧôˣֳɸһÿһС
ʲôĽ
ƿڴ
һڣΧЦһᣬƲ̧ͷֱǲЦˣƲŵǵĿͷĺѻȺвûѻ
үѻأ
ں棬̫ãܴˣԺŰ׼ߣƿȺˡ
ǣ
ǰǸǾһТǾһ̩һ£ӡ
ƿһۣʮ£࣬òãֻǴʱЩǱˣؤһ
Ǳоץˣ֡
ǱץģǸˡ忴۾һТȥ
ƻȥ·˵˾岢⡣
Ϣһ顣
صڰЩʧ񣬿ŮǺܸˣСסҲǰ취
˰žʡ
ˣСº
һ˵ûʲôҪ˵ˡ
Ϣ͹飬ʼƻһЩ˯ˡ
˯ѾҹˣǺȻ˹Χһ´һŴϢ岻Ҳ֪ȥʲôطˡ
ڹ˵һЩ£ƶЩ⡣
ͱ˵Ṧôܷ߱ˡ
ݿѧҵоûʲô߱ڵṦǱдġ
ǣطѾֻһοʩչṦˡ
£źơ
֪ܣȴһһ
´ƿվϵѻģ֪ΪʲôܾЩѻǿųϰɡ
ߵѻǰ£ҿ
ѻߵƵǰưַŵĳ棬ɨɨѻ״̬΢΢üߣǵӲСѻҪúС
ưѻʣǵѻÿɣ㲻ϲ
ѻ̧ͷ죬Ĵѻ˵δǹһֻǴУҪǵѻʱѵ㲻ϡǾҪŪҩˣҲûϵҲûʲô£Ҹͻû£ɤӣûµġ
ӣѪŪ˰룬¸ѻȰɣõĲƷͽҩ
ѻЩԥƺǲҡ
ģүڡ˵ţнŲ̧ͷȥѾ
ѻҲ뿪ԶȣҺʵʲôûɵӡ
ͿԺˣɫһôȥһͷţҲʧѪĿܣͲķ
Ƴɣһ㲻ǽⶾ֣ѵû취ⶾ
üǲǺ鷳ô
ɫһȺˡ
ѻȥѪˣѪѻǴǿļ죬¸
Ů˵Ķԣôȥǰ취
뵽һȥˣ˵ҿǽⶾɡ
š
һͬӦƿ˴һ£ʹȥʲôط
Ͷȥ嵭Ȼ
ôˣƵǾ⣬ˣأ
Ϊ˶ʱѾˣȻȥ
ˣ֣ûһкˣ
š
岢δͣŰƻȥţ˯ɣջҪ
뿪ҹ̣Ϊòһȥ

ȥѻѻȺϢٲȻãƽȥûһֻѻй
ѻɹڰƵļϣѰ۵ְ̧ѻڻﱧѻЩöҲܰס
ѻ¸½ѻƺѻ˲Ⱥѻ裬ƱѻȺΧסˡ
ѻ¸ѻȺȥ
ߵʯͷ°ѻ£˵ҪҪѪ飬ǵĶʲôǻҪȼ죬û¡
ѻȺ̫󣬰ƵѪȲôĺѻҪⶾС
ѻ䵽ƵֱϣһСӣѻĽţ˵Ѫ
ľ޸Űƣ˸ҩ䣬ռһЩѪΪ˱һռֻѻѪ
ƻȥʵ飬ҵ˶꣬һֵķгܸҽæܿȷʲô
ýҩһʱ䣬ѻûˡ
ﰲһ֣ѻ¸µҽУİƶۣæŻסӣת뿪ˣŵᣬӿɲôĺѻС
ѻŰƣϲðƱš
ѻ벻뱨𣿡һһʣѻ¸ɳѻڿУ̧ͷһۣëȻ
ѻУ¸½˼Ƶͷ֪ˣǵϢȥҺү˵˵Ż
ѻ·ɻصƵĻƱš
һ꣬Լ߶ѣȴҪ˶ѻǱϲӰ
(δ)

İٶʮ ٳ

ľޱҩʣʲô㣿
ƿһľޣʲô㣿
鴦Ҫȥˣѵһֱ˵ӣ
ľģȴ顣
ľѰƲһֱ
ȷʵҪȥ߻Ҫүôš
ƽտǰҪġľƲƵĿ۰ơ
Ƶǲ⣬ֻѻȥ
ľֹȥѻұһᣬһȥ⡣
ҲˣͰѻľޡ
صʹ岻ڣ˲֪ȥηʾһТˡ
˵һТ⼸Ѿ֪һЩǳѱˣΪʲôҲ֪Ѿ׵ˣһӹɡ
죬ҧأһֲ͸¶
һº;һ̩ǱоӪģǱǺȰǲͨ.ͱ̿ҲֵܷĿ˶ԴһТ֮ǡ
±֪ĻðɣһپһТһТȻͨѹȴǸͷӲˣ̿Ҳ˿η塣
죬ȥǱʾһТ
£¸ԼɨһΣӳúܿ죬Ψһȷһ̥һӣʲô֪
ɨȷʼû취ɨ赽
Щģһ̥ǼطҽƲѲͻ
ŶӣʣǵǼҲ֪֪֪ܵǵ⹫вҪһͷײǲЦġ
ĺӺ˵ʲôͻȻһ¡
ƶеۣһ˵ǻˡ
Ӱ߶Ϊľһ䣺ʲôˣ
·ȥҡ
ʾһТĵطƻ֪ġ
ȥſڣȥһˣǹߵĻûǸȥǱߡ
Ҳ߳ȥһβŷֲԾԷûȥǱߣŰƿǱߡ
ǰţȥҡ
ʲôˣΪʲôðǵˣͣ²ˡ
Էȴν򣬵ڰƵĲ档
ƴһ۲ϵĻ̌ͷԷɱҰɡ
Էһ£һЦôңɡ
˵Űƴһ룬Ҫ.ԼĲӡ
˿ڣֺαˣֻǵҾͣѵҲôô˵𰲽ѣ
ƿȥһЦȻңΪʲôӭأ
˳һ£ƿӣ濴ƣûжԶǸɫпˣ˶ʮ꣬Ŀ⾫ӷ˶ȴ׳һЩ֮
ΪǿԼûٿ˵࣬˵ȴ
гɣǺˣ
ǲ˵Ǻˣ͸أԷһ򿪣ؿ£һɽĻڰƵУһֵӡ£ƱǼ
ĹĲͨȻҲܲ²ʲô֡
Ϊ˼֣ûľ˹ȥΪӴ·󸹱ģߵĺ˲ĵ˺ܾá
ǰƿϵ֣һϵã֡
ʣʲô
İϣİϻȥӣȥȻЩ³çԾһȾϳˡ
ǰĪİסˡ
ӷ£ãİϷԸ߰ɡ
ƴԷǹʲôˣ
ݲ棬ƺҾӼɡİת𴦣ơ
ʶİ˺ܲϲ
ҲǣӣӷҴ󸹱㣬ҪԼ뿴οòãˡ
ƵǲĽ飬Ҳȥоֻǲ֪֪˻ηӦ
ܿ쵽ǹǳأŴ򿪣ǹ̹ǡ
̹ǳнʿжӭӣ³ʱ򣬳м˵ſһĵſ
ԼȥģʱеӣȥˣʲôûУƻֵȶ̣ȥͺܻˣֲһѰһ
Χ˶Ǹи˵óªĸ˵ǰռ˹壬ΪǴ󽫾
Խ˵ԽƵǲЩȥȥѣ˫ȴϻεţ²ȥһӻЦ
İϣ˳վڳ̧ͷ
(δ)

İٶʮ ɱϣ

ƳžİϿһᣬӲһֱµҲûбֵŭҲǺڲòʵĸһֶѣֵðա
ǹ̹ǣҪżѹҪˡ
׷ĪΪһˣʿǲҪл
氲׼úù۲һ£һֱ˹
ûһ¡
Ƶʱ׸һƬ
ǲǾúίİǱİƣƲ˲ϵļóͭӿ
Դֿʼʱעغ
ÿηˣҪ
ʱ˳ʲôӣҪĿǶԸİϡ
İɫһ˾ӵһߣ㻹ġ
ƿ۱ӵϵСӣİΧˡ
ӡ
һԱŴ󽫾׵ߵİϵǰ˫ֳžİϰݼ
˵ҲݼİϿƣǼɡ
Ƶ̧ͷǱİƣЦǰ֮ɽŮ
˵أ֪ڣӳгһջسȻӱ̤ƽǹ
ôĿ
һЦȻͲ£ҵɳ꣬ʱ¹ǣһҵŷɥ
򲻹ҵͰŪҲбˡ
һ˰ǹ㣬㻹Цĳİ˿
ŪŪϵ·ͷɣ㲻ҲͿ̿㶯ҷֺҪ̹ꡣ
ʲôİϺЦҾԡˣҰǹ⡣İһ£мǰҪơ
һֿ죬˰ƣһһ;òԣ֣Ķˡ
˿£˼
Ѿļ˶ͬ״żһţΧһʮʮ٣֢״̼Ⱦ˽ڳˣҲİϡ
İϺܿʶã̧ѾһƬ
ƿ˿ΧͬΪӵõô
ɱ㡣İϵסƵĲӣֻǿʹࡣ
İϵһĿĵʹסؿڵλãѾľˡ
㵽׸ʲôİ϶Ȼû뵽ᷢ¡
ƲΧе裬Ǳٱ˶Ҫ˵ǸҶңҾҪ̹꣬ؿգҪȥҪʹȥ
İ˵µڵϣ۾һ˹ȥ
ΧŵòᣬƵ½ոյѾǿ־壬ƳƵȥ䣺ѵû˸߹㣬Ҫ.ǿ˵Ůô
Ƶؿľɫ˺ɫߵĸȵ£Ƶ¡
ںɵȺУ˳̣Լһ·ƴӳҵǺӣҩۡ
ϷһֻѻЦЦ˰֣һֽѻϣתүҺܺãգպҪ̹ǳŴ󿪡
ѻ뿪ƴӳ¥˳ һɫµˣ಻ףĴһıʿ

˵ԷһȳŰưݣʣǺˣ
ǾӵıʿҼҹӶеַ̧˹ӡ
ҹҪ豾Ҫ
һǣкηԸܿڣֻҪһȫ
Ҫ̹ǹҴУҪ̹ǡ
ɫͿ̿˹
ҼһλıʿͣЩƣҿĳ㲢Ƕˣú룬ǹҴһֱڣǺദģĳЩ˵Ĺƻ󣬾ҪַҴ˵Цɡ
ǹҲãҲã޷Ҫ̩񰲣սͿ̿ռġ
˵ǣ֪ԸҼҹӣаա
ѯʣƴȥǸˣȴˡ
ܡ
ȥϣϵ˶жſڵϡ
ڰƵߣѯʣΪûж
³ǰ־ˣϰ˽ҩƵ
𾪣úԶ
תֹȥδ㿪Ӵ˿ȷ̹ǹĵλͣ
ƿ䣬һ룬㵣ҾȻûз֣ǴƤġ
Ҳ֣еѨλȥĿ죬Ǻܿģ㱻ľҲͲˡ
һ񣬺Ȼ˵Ȼɱлأʾ
(δ)

İٶʮ и뷨

հƵ˵˿ϵˣȻûгж
İͿһӷ׵ŮվڲԶڿһ껨
ˣǰİϿȥ֡
ôû£
İ˵ҽҩ
ߣҩİһһؿھ۵ˣζܡ
סؿھİϿƣ濴㻹ֱ¡
ƴʱתԡ»ǹ˵ȥڶˣϵӷס
ƵȻĿžİϣץףǲףӦͶȻ͵ߡ
㡭İһĿֻۣܿڴϿš
ʱƲ˵еİստʼͻֽͷۻȻЩʺõû£֮£Ҳ˶ãҴǵĳǳҲָտɴ㡭ҪΪ˵Ļۡ
ңİƺ˵ʲô
ѣǸլʺˣֻܲסŻ²ߣ˰ǹ·Żᶯŭġ
ƺЦҼһƱ֮ˣһ£һ˵ȴ˺ˡ
ȷʵլʺ񣬼㱻˴յ˲ԴҲûɱһˣĴм
ȥ£ˮһˮҶˣûгԵģ
ȥ׼æտܸӽҩ·
˷ɡƿһ۾İϣֻЦЦҩµûһʱҲȥˡ
׼ãĲһ⡣
ȺЩȲߡ
˵㷹ˣоˣƲ
ʱİһֱŭĶŰƿǵŰʹͽҩ
ЩˣҪϢ׼һ¡
á
ΣֻӰƵİţ˯һϡ
ҹѾٽϴ򿪳ţȥ˹塣
μμ
أʱϣս۶ûӢȴǡ
ʣŮǱ˺ˣ
ңʱϢϳԵҲãһжãҪ
ˣСǰȥһ˾䣬պСƻδɹˡ
ȥɡ
ǡ
һϹϾЩ֣ϸòӢǸĺˣڴλȨأֱϵۣڰ֮ɽǰȴ˹ɡ
ҵ飬Ź̹ǣ岻һһ䣬ǰ
űƿ˽ơ
ƤѾ峿ˣƵĴӴͦž޶ſڡ
弸ߵǰİһ£˷ΪΡ
£ơ
ţǰĲξʵڵġ
Ź尲ЩãȻү
סƸ׵һ£̫⣬үЩϲرŮӣǹֱ˵θڣ˵ĻӸǶûȥҪ
ôϡˣ
ѵ˵Ů˶Ļ
Ű֮ɽŮòףѵ˵òѾǴõˣ
Ʊ׵ЩΪ飬㿪ˣԭ͸׵һѿˡ
³
ȴ̧ƵСһڡ
ָоҰޡ
ƣ˺ûУʱɫ뵽Ʊߣ鼫
ҡͷҲûʲôԼҪģȻŭңҲͷˡ
ôȻ
ŲҪ忴ȸ׵ĸŲϣʼȡ
ƵѾϰˣڴͷŹͣ˸ˣ˵үȥңҳſүߵҲûɣȥǱȴûȥңǴȥǰ棬ҿ򲻶ԣ֪ǱƭˣѾȥ
һǰҪûһõ̬ȣȥôˣȻǺ˵
ɫȥ˵ûа취
ΣʵҪһ
ʲôûУҪ
һӡİǰӡ
ӣĿи뷨
ʲô뷨ƻˡ
ſƵһ˫ȣ㣡
Ŷһ飺үã
᲻Ҫ˲֪
ȻһĮȴСģʣ´ô
šƴӴ͹ȥ´
ֱʱףŮ˵ʲôܷ²
(δ)

İʮ ҩ--İʮ ̹

ӴƸǻȥϴϴ֣źڶûôľ
ϴëѾ͵ƲãתȥױϴϴȥҰơ
Ƶʱ򿴵Ĳ⡣
Ҳ⣬Ͼڵӡ
ϴѾͷˣľᣬԸͷ
ƵԽԽأھûʱѾʼȫͷ岻ϲ˵Ĳãϸĸͷһβãκ󷴵ղ
ƿ˿תһֱȵ
ү
ƽܣ忴һ˵ȥɣ׼˽ԺҪϢһ¡
һţﵽǴǹ
κ΢ᣬʱ̹Ҳֻ¡
ȥţߵ飬ưʼĩ߹壬ɫһױŭˡ
ãİţҪ豾
һ۹壺Ѿûˣɿӣұһ
ȻǴĻϣɱ˴ľǴϣץ裬豾ϣ
޷޲ƽֻðⲻûʲôôοҲŻ
ƵĴڱûпƣǵĴȴǡǲôˣƿӹȥ£һΡ
ʱûʲô˵ģҲûжԡ
ס֣Ϣһᡣ
ǲһֱû˯ۡ
ãֻǵģ۾ܿ˯ˣƸѱӸϣϵһζҺ󿪹죬ŽȥһŽⶾ衣
۾۰Ƽ˯뿪ס֣ϢҲȥ
ƿһۣ߿ˡ
˯һʱˣ˶ˣǳԹˣͺųһڣŰȥ˾İϣʱİҲֻǿ´߶˻ӣ̹Ҳˡ
ƽŹȥ£˷ֱԣվڴߵľİϣ˼ҲֻһΡ
İϿһ᣺벻㹬ῴִ׵Ůˡ
İϼ߲ľߵͰƵĶ棬¶Ź塣
ʲô۹⣬Ǳ飬ò̫Ӳģ̫ӣӣǻˡ岻̲ģƺȻʶһ󱦱
ҲˣİӲ
üžİϣһк˵̫ӣڱ̹ڱôҪʣʲôȥ
ꣿİϺЦǹڣҪ̫ꣿ
㲻ҲԣǾ͵Ƽһϣķѣ֪һ㶼⡣
ߵһߣװʲô֪
İϺȻ֣Ů˺װɡ
ǰףΪʲôڹǰܹԣ
İЦǸա
İָ忴۰Ǳߣ׳˶ӱǣ·ûİϵĻһ
ǸգǺˡ忴İϣ䣬԰ƶ࿴һ۵ˣϲ
İϿ壺ȻҪɱҪɣǣʹϹȥ
㣿֪ʲôʹͿ̿㽫ῴİ
ȥҰƣİ壬գ
תһΣ°˵үգҿ֪
Ϊİϵżźܾһˣ벻ȻǸɵӡ
Ůˣð⣬ǲǻգİϲ֪ôˣһƺ͹һͻðɣָŰƿڴ
Ҳ֣ʲô裡
嵹Ǻ˷ܵĿ˫ۣϸ۲ǲĿð⡣
ϸȷʵˣãܼ
ƶԱ⡣סƵ֣ĿͣЦġ
ûİһۣүڰ£ûС
ɫࡣ
İ϶ˣһһؿ۵ľ
⣬ôˣ
˼ҷ޼ٯٯ̫ӵʲôϵ
Ǳɣİ塣
ã˵ȴࡣ
ʱ죬Ű˵Ҽ̫ӲðʵǰκεĽֶĽԻҩ
˵˻죬ԲҵһڰˣЩĵֶΣǲõģǲү
һЦ˵ǡ
һΣʲô˼ҩҪˣ
(δ)

İʮ ˭ײ

Ǵپپȫפڰסĵط
ԱƵİȫ
Ǽ˾İϡ
ʱİѾû£ƺܿ˶Ҳû£̹ǻָӡ
Ƽ˹ȥ
Ҫ͹ȥæȥŮί
ޡ
һŭǲ۸㣬˯Էˣ
İϵⶼˣʲô˼
ĵĿ۰İ롣
İϣˣ¡
İϵɫǺܺá
̹ǿˣʲô±뱾̫ļҪ
ǴĽȻѾǳأΪʾҴĻմپپ£ǹεã˱
ҾҪȸˡ
ƣȥ
ĿľӰƵģȴİѹһ̹ǡ
ȥˣûúõ档һɣƿŮЩΪѡ
ʲô᲻֪Ƶ뷨
Ҫڲ棬ԺûˡŰֱۣһϻȥ
һ취ûУŮ˵ʲôʲô
£Ǻܵĵġ
˵˾ܻȥƱտȻһ˿һˡ
ҲãȻȥˣǰҲȥ˵꽻˰Ƽ䣬˾ˡ
뿪͵ſڣ˳ǰƲŻȥ
İд½飬ҳŵ֮겻ַΪʾĳ⣬Ըꡣ
ƵǾãİǿȥòôˡ
꣬Ϊٵġ
ǿȻҪĽˡ
εı߹ս½ĺܿ죬ҲˣİץǸ⣬ø˸˵ġ
뿪ǰ̹й䣬İϺԼƵ½㡣
ڱ͹Ĺϵûˡ
ɫѿĵƾͱﲻסĺЦ
ǣİϻһ޵ŮӸ壬˵Ϊ˱ʾĳ⣬Ը⽫İŮ͸壬ϣ¡
ƿǸŮˣȷʵĲʳ˼̻𣬺·һ
ŮӯӯһЦμ
ֻǵȻһЦɡ
üͷšţŮôأޱȣöģȥñС³ٿͣǴˣ

ŮһĻ޳Сġ
ƲЦһỹסˡ
İϻŮ󣬿̿ӣЩɵ
һ۲ԣֱˡ
һһߺЦүҶûʲô
ߣǿŮˣ㿴˫۾Ӷˡһ뵽ƶŮӿӣһ
ƱﲻסĺЦȴŹһڣһ䶼ˡ
忴ȥˮһĨƣû
ǿˣϾôŮӣﲻ㣬պҲúúõĴ磬үαԴףֲϲŮˡˣûлᡣ
忡粻ɫԺת
˵ҶľʵǽãҶûָ飬οУҲǶ԰أôľޣ
ʲôɫһθߡ
Ƴƣľ޵ԸҲԦ˰
һˣŭ㵹룬ɲ֡
ү˭֣ҷͲϲŮˣƫƫϲŮˡƳƣôͲˡ
̳Ҫʲôʱ
Ʒİɡ
ͣһŰƣһֱĿ⾫񣬺˭Ƿһûƺһ꣬Ϊ˱ʾȷʵϲŮˣַ̧ģҷģҪϲŮˣ󡭡
죬ͷ˵ҪϲŮˣһͷײˣȰ˵꣬
ƿһۣǽ顣
ģҪϲŮˣҾһͷײ
˵һͷײ
ŨүҪʱ˭ײʲô𣿡
İϿһϲŮˣ
Ů˾ȻϲŮˣ
忴İŲ£תһ۾İűȥ
̫أ߲Զˡ
мҾƹݣƽȥЪЪ
¹ѰƵһ̧ŵϣȡ
žİϣûɵľİɫ
ľϲ֪Ǽ٣
̧ͷ;֣İϴԣҲûʲôȻѾϲͺãֺα˶Դ
(δ)

İʮ ̬Ӷɱ

̧̧Ƥһ۾İϣԲţ̫ӣЩ
İɫѿ˲ţ̫ʵǿȡ֮
εѾİˣ
һЦȡ֮࣬ҲЩϲʲôȻǱ飬̫ӾͲزˡ
̫ӣ̫һ仰ӿڳ˼
ƿ۹壬ܾġ
ǡİЦһȣɱˣ
̶Ӷ࿴һۣ֮Ҫûָöá
ɫûɵһ˼ƣ˵Ī
ƵǲΣЩ½ҲͲˡ
ĶߣС˵˼䡣
İ΢΢ͷϸŮ˵ʲô̧סƴ׳ӣ˵뿪һЩͷȥ棿
Ȼ棡
ã忴İϱҲٿ
̫ӡ
£İתʵʲôûЩʧ
ʣӴӺζ
İϵͷһӣ
ǰ˵²ѧǳĪЦ
˵ǫˣȻҲһĻ͸ү
⡭Щɡ
İ˵ǹĵһֻǹǧ㵹Ǻ۹⡣
˵İϰһ۰ơ
ƤȽϺΪ˹ȥˡ
ֻ㻻Σ
ΪѣҪ̫ӵͬ⣬²׳󣡡
ƿİϣ̫Σ
Ҫǲϣǻ飬˵һֻ᲻ˣҪõĳľ֮Ҳ޷
ƻ£û뵽İôѶԸ
һţȻ̫ӲͣǱ㲻Ҫˡ
˵°Ƶȣվ߰ɣձȥɡ
š
Ҳ۹⣬ֱӻŵס
İĽסӣһΡ
νֻǲ֪̫Ϊʲôôŭ
صסƱЪţţ˽Ȼ
ǱϹϾһݼ߽˵̫ǰۣԸµһֻ
屾ҪҲ֪ϡȴи뷨
ƾ͸ȥˣŸ˹ȥ
Ѿ׼ֽī⡣
ߵǰ㿪ʼ׼İ˵ɡ
ƿһ۹壬ȥӣʼ
һֽϻһĵޡ
İϵӷ⣬Ǻܾ㵣ܻôõĻ
Ҳ𾪵ŰƵĻ̲ס̾Ļ˵ãǳ뻯Լ档
ƲΪȻҲġ
ǵĿһУ֪ȷʵҲˣȻ֪ƻ˵ãĵͼôãǲ֪
һɽ׳ͼ͸ƣ롣
˵̫ӣɷӡڴ˴
ָָһطİϲԥӡ°棬ƿɷӡ£
ӡ°棬ƺ⡣
պˣʽ壺ү룡
ī֭дʲô
үԱ㣡
Ҳ֪дʲô
Ƭ̣ʡ
ɫƣҹȾ¡ݣʹڡ
ƺЦʫĵʫдǼסˡ
İϺܲζƫƫϲʫҲû˵ʲô
˰Ʊ˵͵޺õƾ֤ˣһ͸ҹϵġ
̫ûôСɡİϲ֪ƴ⣬оǱˡ
ŰƵĵͼ鲻
ƸǱ͹뿪ˡ
ϣƺ͹ǣپǣƿֻһ֣үôĵͼûģ
Ȼа취ġĵͼϸţƣԺ
һѣүҲԸˣ
šǲԸ⡣
ƿɽͼү̫֮ҲˣֻһʱͷԻȣѾ˰ɣ
ͷԻȣǿϣƵĻͱ֣϶Ҳַ
үֻ˻㲻˵ˡƺЦ˼̫ˡ
ûʲô˵ֻ֮꣬ҪǹַҹҲ/ǹ
⸱ԭǱģɲռˣ
ү㲻̫ˣ˵õĽȴ˻Ⱦİ֪
˸ãñ˳ۣ
ƳĬ湻Ұ
ڣͷİͿˣƿֻץʲôز
˽Ӧƺ͹ˣԶԶĿƽŶβվСѻ
ƺͰкȥƽƽæݼƽӡ
Ʋ⣺ƽô
ƽڵȣȰ߰٣٣ҵĻǻµģǾǰˡ
û뵽ҹ̽ӪССѻǡ
ûмʱ֣Ī֣ƽͰƵͷ
£Ҳˡ
ƽࡣ
ƽѶβſƱ˱̸Ȼȥˡ
߹鴦ãףһТնɱǰ˵Ҳֻ̾˿
طʱ/̬Ӷɱˣ
(δ)

İʮ ʦس

һТô˸طˣ˼죬Զ˧ӡԸŮһؾ
˧ӡʱƽܣݴ󽫾һְر߹أһ̩һΪ
Ͻ¸ƽܣʦسƽС
ľ޾°ƽܣ¹̴Ӧˡ
ƿ񶼱ˡ
͵ļٹ˽
һаźãƺľ޻
ˣҪ¸򽫾ڹİŰʼվһ
ľµ飬ȴҹͬ
ϰˣҵҲһˣھպҲ֪Ҫ޸˭ΪҲ֪ҲԸ
ƽٲãҲȱ˺ã᳦֪ģûҲ֪ġ
Ȼû취һҲ㣬ûʲôá
ط쳤վҲֻһŮӣܿϳŮұãûԵ֡
Ҫһ˼Ҳûа
ǻȥ֮ͰҵŽĸˣҵġ
պã˵Ȼľ޾ѶҲͲˣŹһ뿪
ٱƽֻǶ࿴һ۰ƣתȥˣľҲκƽܻȥ
ƶʱЩΣƢһ
תƿ壺үƽ㣬Ǹʲô
һŹƳ档岢δ
ô˵ƽĹƳˣ
ԼҪģЩԥǷر߹أ˵ҪƽµĹƳ棬Ϊҷģ֪Ҫ²ǵᷴ㡣
үǰѹƳˡ
ˣֻ̽ǿŹƳ棬棬ƽ˵ͻų⡣

ƺЦүʲôʱլʺˣ
ƣֻǲҪЩֶȥ£ģƽܶԻʺʧҪ߹زһգıӱѹţǲ֪
ô˵δҲүõģ
ǣҪȥЩȡңһ
үҵӶ̫ࣿ
Ƴǻʺ֮֮򣬱򲻵ѲϾ׵ˣȻΪΣܹ鷳һ
ҪǺĳ£Ҿر߹ص˼ʮ򣬱ôģ
Ʋ⣺ƳǻϵŮˣô˵ĸһ
ѵúܣȻˡ
㻹еˣ
վǻϣվǳӣб𣬲Ƹ߱Ҳһֻɶ֣˲˵Ϊ˭ǶǳӣҪ˵ΪǱĴ磡
үСĻ
ûô飬ֻʵѡ
үΪλҪѽƽܣ
ʱ˿ãƽҲᷴԼңұҲҪҸȥԡ
ү᲻ʮ꣬ôô飿
ƵۣſڹĻ
ֱ̧סƣʮ꣬Ⱦʮһ껹ۡ
һ۾
ʮպ󣬴ٵﾩⰲפ֮ء
Ҳյ
֪ǰһ£ǹ˼Ҫһ£ҪžΪľϿľġ
һһС˵Ůģ֪ģгʤ֮ģж̫ͻýʿʢкô
ߵʱ˵һ²ܵ߹ء
ģݾͻķѲ٣Ҿܻѣ˵ⳡ£ص졣
ţڿǣ
޹壬Ȼܸˡ
˵¾ƽϢƻЩģô˵Ļӿʼͼ׼߹صս¶
Ʋ⿴һǰĹ壬ԭҪǣԵ䡣
ϵ㣬ǲܻȥҪֱȥϣر˽ԳǴ˹Ҫ췣ġ
һԣǰǾͰһԣ¶棬Ѿǽǰ͵˹С
һ⣬˺ͶſڽӦ˹˱Ƚ޼ɵŰʱ߹ص飬ûʲô˵ģͷװˣһƱͷˣ㲻ã磬ѶƲˡ
˵깬ŰƼǰУõүʲôˣֻܰһˡ
ߵߣȥһߣ߰ɡ
˻Щκαţֻøȥˡ
Ƶ˺ţͨŽȥ
ϵۿϴƼװ¶£ϵֻվš
˴α߹սΣϵʵ
ϣǹ̫ҲɱУ֪ں޲ѣشһɽͼҹҳŵڽҹ
֮⣬̫нϣַ֤֮Ҵ

ϵ۴򿪽鿴⡣
ϣϽϵۿȥ
ãѾ˵ˣһТŲԣһʧǧźޣ˵ֽնɱףο
֣й̲֮ܽٺ»㾩ꡣ
л¡
зϵۿ۰ƣҳȻŮͳŮϳ֮»ЩĺãڼҺúð̥ԺѲɳţ
˳ɡ
һ£
(δ)

İʮ 

лŹ뿪ˣŰȥҰϹѾһ˰ǰ밲˵𻰡
ƱͰ˵ȥ飬ûȿ˱Ҫʱ߹ص¡
һ˾ͷۣҪͱ߹ص顣
Źȥ̫밲ˡ
˳﹬ƽľ޵ż̫̫ȷһ£ȷʵľ޵ױţ֮һӽ˻棬ивã˵ͷ
̧̫壺֪
ô֪嵹νüͷһ¡
ȥɣ̫˰֣忴۰ƣת뿪ȥ档
ЩģۻճɻҵţԽ
̫ôľޣľΪõ䣬Ҫʲôģڿ
۰֮£ǻȨϵ̵ɡ
̫ûĿۺȥȵ죬㲻ڵŵ㣿
һèūȥ
С۰ƣ˺ȥ
ָ̫˰ƣæȥ̫
߶εûй㵱û˸ôǿˣ˶أŻϸʲôѣ𣬰ԺѲˣ˵ǵ˵£Ƕ飬˭Ҳ֤ˡ
ĸ˵ǣʵͺˣߵʱûôֻ֪࣬ϵˣүǰһֱɸ봫ȡϢǵȻûϢҹη࣬μҵͷն£ҲŻ񡣡
㻹˼˻ʼңͲܱŮ˽ңΪңһǲġ
ε㻹ҪеģҪǿбǣĲ㣡
лĸ󿪶æл
̫ſڣľ޵Ĺ±Ѿһˡ
Ȼε޹أҲѲ˹ϵ
ֻǡ㲻ҲȻƽܡ
ĸ˼ǣѾ뵽ˡ
ľֻܼ޸ˡ̫˵
Ƽɬһ£Ϣ΢΢
˭Ƕס
ĸǷҪִڴˣֻˣһԸȢүҲᡣ
ưѻӣڴ󸹱㲻һʧ̫ô
̫Ҳżھͷɸ봫ľޣ岻ʣҪϻд㡣
ͦŴΪѣ˵ʲô̫ÿ˵
ūڡ
æŴűˡ
ľ޿ڼҪľ޻飬ȥտţȥ߹أʱա
ūּƣ̫ת˸̨
ת˵ͷˡ
ת뿪æ뿪ƿһȺĹ壬ȵϵƣȥ˵ͷүˡ
һ£תƣĿӣüĶ˶ôˣ
ҡͷûʲôذɡ
ưָ˹壬⹬Խˣÿ˶ġ
ľ̫ϲֶŮȴҪΪƷ
һ·ų·˵ʱ򺣹ź͹
Űȵ֣δ˵
Ҳһֱû
صԺԭҪףһʱһдӼ
ſڵȺ򣬸űˡ
Ҹû˵ĵطȥܼʶǳʲôˡ
ү
ܼҸոǰֵ̧סȥɡ
ֻܼȥ£æǰûлأɲ涯ԽǴӹгѾ˸ϸ߹ˣһ·Ҳ˶ˡ
вأƽڱ߹أԴ
ƿȥв׵ĵһ·û˵µľǸǽж
үľϲƽܣҪҴŸĸгĸӦͻ顣
Ʋ»ôѰ졣
ҡͷȥڱŰ
˵үūл֪
˵嵭Ȼ
˵ʺү֪һЩ
֪Ժָƣ飬Ҳ
˵Ȼ֪үܽľ޿ڱ߹ذôƽίΣ
˵ӹ£Ȼǲ˵ģ¹ٸɱͷĴ
תǱǲˣɡ
忴ƣҲû취Ҳã˵ϸ˼֣вأƽԴ
(δ)

İʮ ҹ빬

дһţ뿪
ƾûˡ
Ҫʲôֻܾˡ
ºľ޻صǣһͬĻƽܣ˷˼
Ƶ֪Ϣ﷢
׵鵽һЩüĿ⼸ӽ¡
ƿ˱Ӵѯľ޻ؾ顣
ҲǸոսӵϢ˵ľ޺ƽһؾҲڹ¡
үʲôµľǰľǿľ޵Ը񣬱Ȼưոݡ
»˵ȿѾС˽ˣûϢ
ү᲻Ǳľ޵
ǺˣһЩӣֻ̫󲻻ȥľ޵̫ͣżˡ
Ƕ
ûش𣬷޶Ϣ
š
үˣةฮ׼£ڳɻƽܣּ̫Ļ¡
ŮأƼæʡ
Сã㿤һûӦˡ
˰֣ȥ
Ʋ⣺ôأ
㿤үСŮͬĸСãԸɣǸù
үײǡ
ʺĹϵײǸպŵԣ
Ƴ׳Ĭˡ
ƽܺľ޶ǿˡ
ºٰܿ죬ˡ
ͦŴӻȥةฮƽܵʱûֳ·׵Ĳ
ӿҲǸˣ˵㿤ǸһˣҲ뵽㿤Ǹˡ
ԷʱƽܶһƵƺ͹ǰ빬Ⱦơ
һúöƽܵľٶȫȻƱνĺ
ȹƽܿƣ˵ʲôɽһˮһ̣Ǿлˮ£һ翣ղɵá
ƽܵ˵תˡ
ƷƽȥıӰŻ·ô̰ˡ
ʵƽ˵Ȣľ޻㶼ҪҪȢıϾ
ԹƸŹȥȥ˸ľޣſڣ˸ſر֣ȥ
Ҳ֪ľôˣƺҲϴˡ
׼ȥ˺Ͷȴ˸к硣
Ҳľ޵ģΡ
㣬˵ľޱ㣬Ϊ˽ȥ߹ص飿ߵƵǰԭЦŭӺȻࡣ
ͦŶǰߣ§סֱۣЩѹȾҪȥģǶû£Ψľޡ
ôϲƽܣƽȢ㿤̫ϧˣ
֣ô֪ľϲƽܣ˵ģ
ҡͷѵ㲻֣ǶˣΨˣȥʱûȥ뵽ֻƽˡ
˾ӪҿǶƽܿҾͲµˡ
㵹ǺƳһ䣬Լľ޿ˡ
㣬һ㲻ѹô֡
ҡͷѹҲûãҵǺܵģľޱţҪ顣
˵ɴ۾ȥƻô
ǡûƻеģֻ¸µˣ
һ·ˣȥȥԺϢ
ҹЩ˯š
װˣߵڿ棬´·㲻ú˯ʲô
ϰף˵ҪǽӴ꣬޽Ͳáʵش
Цţ
ϣɡ
ת׼ȥ˼æܽ
үˣҪϽ˰ﴦáſں
֣ʱǻҪ
֪ˡ·ϣȥڼ·¡
үҲȥľ޵飬ҪľڣҺǸ
ʲôǸĸǰǸǳ𡣡׼ߣƸš
·Сģ
ã
ֱʹճȥúˡ
ò֪ͨƺּˡ
һû£·ţּ
һˮȸ˰ŵּ̫ܲҪ̽
ƲдʣֻøŽ
ˣķˮûʪһ·Ȼʹ
ŵ˳﹬⣬̫ٽš
ڴʱѾվˣϵۣʺ󣬶
ſһ£ȥ˸μĸ󣬻ϣʺ
˰ɣˣ̫ſɵ˯ۣڸ̨ϣһſڡ
Ҳ֪ôˣľ޵Ļ£ľʼǱһ¡
ոձΣľΪ뱾޴֣۵ˡ
뵽ľҲȷʵͲСˣŸҸżˡ
ǰľ޽˱ܷģҲֻˣܷġ
ʺ󰡡ľ޷Ϊʹ壿
(δ)

İʮ ҹ

壬Ҫллĸ䣬ľ޳һֱϲ̷ܽϣȻϲһƳǰˣվһӱ䣬Ƴõ
ϵ۶һˣ
ľ޵ĵˣ
ĸ޲ʺԡϵ۶ʮֲãֻûб֣
ϾͲضˣջ˵ͷҪԲȻʣԲˣ
űӣΪܻѵˣôȥҪˡ
ʺ鱾һ㶼顣
ߣ
ϵɫһѿû˵ڡ
ʺֻǴ
ֿ̫ˣæű̬ˡ
ĸ󣬶ҪΪѡһλˣֻһֱûкõѡľƺϲҼүҪϲĻû
Ļȥ˶㻹˵úĻôĸ͡
Ļܵ棬ͱ˵ˣɣ
ĸ󣬶Ը⣬ľڶǸãĸջء
죡̫һŭı죡
̫ƣˣʺͶͬ⣬أ
ͬ⣬Ӧүһ˫ˣԸӭȢ
Ͳ㣬͵ͬ˰ɡ̫˵հתˡ
ĸҪľ޲С˵
̫ȥľ޲ˣҲӦ˼᲻
£ĸ֮ˣ˭Ǳ
ƿԣ˵ĸ󣬶ǡ
˻ͷίվһߣĸ󣬶Ը⣡
漴꣺ĸҲԸ⡣
һ̵ĸҲԸ⡣
ĸ󡭡
ϵ۸ģ̫ɫһͲҪˣҪô
ϵ۱˻ȥԡ
̫ۻϸˬ·ĺһߵǰϣǿյģһдľ޿ֵġ
˭ҪǷˣľ޿Ҫ޸˭
ϵԥһ£û
˵ǻ룬ү룿
ǼˣûʺͰɡ̫󿪶Ƶġ
ʺ˸ӣּ
ߵʺǰʺ롣
ʺ￴һۣмӣû򿪣ֻ߬š
ϵĿ⸴ӣӾǴӦˡ
ߵ˵ǰҡ˰죺㣬Ҫ
ƿҲǲѡѡǲӦʱҲȢˡ
ȲƵĻش˴ˣһס˵֣Ӧ
ƿĸ˵ġ
˰Ͳ˦ϾͲڵˣ۵İֱ˯
ڱȥˣ
̧ܼ֣һľ˵ʵľҲͦõģֻǲ֪ܲϲү
̫ЦѾͷ
ߵƵǰˣ
ҲҪҪҲ
̫˵ƿ
ǡӦŰƿȥѾƿˣһӡ
ƿҲûᣬΪԼҲΪľޣ
嵹Ǽˣ̫˿ĸ󣬿ɿˣ
Ȼһ۹壺һȥʡñķ
Ȼһ˵õġ
صƵߣסƵ֣ʱŷְƵֱ
۲ѣŰƵֱӷŵɫҲ
˵ͷһ۲ؿڵӣæóһۣͺͺʲôûУһɥôûУ
ɫһæӿû֣ʱϲЦա
ĸ󣬶ǿյġ
̫ȥʲôѽ
ת̫ϵۺͻʺ󣺡ˡ
ʺֱ䣬ſ֣Ȼľ֡
ʺһ䵽˵ϣϵתˡ
ʺæżϵӣл
ƿŻʺŭ뿪ϵۣﲻζ
ľ޵ĲңҲǶǵķ̡
һ֮Ҳû취ѡԼĻ£ɱ
ƺȻЩϲ̫Ķȥˡ
ˡƵ˵ͷ
ȥɡ̫ȻŰ뿪ˡ
˳žͿˣűӿûꡣ
Ȼûзޣľͷ·ǽҹ꣬εδ¸ͣ
һƣôżͳȥ
뿪ʹҲ̲סڹſڴû취ҲˣﲻãҪѱͳȥ㿴˼ҵļ
Ǿ֪Լ϶ҵˣҪľ޼޸ϣô죿һĬˡ
УתȥסҪ֣Ѿ޷ı䡣
ƿ˱ߣŸϳ
簲ƾͿʼۡ
(δ)

İʮ 

۵ĶҪιȥˣһŵòᣬæŽ˽ܸҽҲ׼ϣȫţ³£ƽҲ˹
ʱ򣬰Ѿһˡ
أһȥҹ壬Űƣͼæס
ҪȥﲻܽүѾˡ
ô죿żȥˡ
ƽ˳죬ˮ
һԺӵææµµۿҪˣһȺԺΧԺϿգݶ񣬸񶼷ˣûĶС
Ҳ˲Ͼ棬һʣô
Ҳżô֪
ʵˣŹ壺үҲˣûˣʱүһҺܿģ
Ҫ˵˵۾ˣһֻֽŰƵ֡
ҡͷүѾˣһûУһܸҽҿҵĶӴ򿪣Ѽӱúչǣǳ
ǣҵ£
ơ忴ŰƵ۾ˡ
۾ᣬûˣЩһҲúõĳ
ڰƻԵʱ
үһλհ׵Ĺ
һ£˵룡
شҩ䡣
űҩ䣬һߵƵȸƴһ룬вŶȥƽ
ƻĻص˹ȥһ־͵ĽϮ·ϣ˶ˣֻʣĽˣĽݻˡ
˹ȥǹֵ֮аĽ˳
Ľһ£ȫദˣǿѪֹ
ưĽϵȫĵط⿪ϵ·һϵҩ䣬ͷһȻҩ䡣
æŴ򿪣ҵȸĽע˿ء
ô£һ߸Ľȡӵһʡ
Ľ˫۳һƬסƵ·ӦңβҪˣˣôŻ
˵ʲôȻˣ뿪ˣ
ǺǡҺ㣡
Ľ˵˹ȥϸעǿļȡӵ
Ľ󣬰Ƹþˡ
ûôĽʰƣæȥ飬˵̫أһֱܶ
ˣӳǸˡǿЦš
ĽҡͷڲмϸǵĵˣڲѾ˲ˣҷ£û뵽ҵҪɱҡ
ģҲ᲻ġ
ƣôĽݳһʣһʱ˻
ӳһϲҵĴţþûҵĴˡ

Ľñ۾뿪ڲ鲻㣬ǵ̫ˣµġ
Ϣɣڵҩ㹻ˣҲ뿪㡣ƼĽݣ֪ǸΣЩҲˣƾȻȻµĶȹ졣
ĽҲָȻǹˣЩ˵һֱϳˣĽݻָҲ˳Ծ
̫۾Ϣһᣬ˯ܾöߺȣΪصˣ۾ǰĽݵḧ
Ʊһæš
ӳûˣ
ˣôҸʲôҲˣϴιҵǹҵ·ЬӣӶˣСϲ͵ģ
ӳô˵أǹˣĶûȥооô͵οҲдһŽڴˣûôƻѻƪΪ˸ҸҲɷѿġ
ĽݺЦһ߿š
һĽݼ飬Ľʣô
ͦõġƺһҵϣǲӦ
ҿ԰æҹ
ǵˣҪĻҿ԰ѽ鱦취ҵĲƸԸɵйˣҪ£һǳƼȥ
صĿ棬ǻ˻˶֪֪˼ӡ
Ҳ֪ôˡ
ҪȥͻȥɡĽݲ
ƿһĽݣǶӳأһҲûô
ʲô£ڲǺúõģΪ֤ʲôĽվ
ߵȥ¸˳ȥ
ĿĺãƸĽСתһᣬȥƷֲԾ
ӳ
ߣĽһ°ƣߣƲϣĽҪһߣ͵Ҫߵʱֱʼ½ˣ̧ͷѾѻǹ׼ˣ
֣Ȼ͵ؼ𣡡ֱϵ˴󺰣
ƾְĽݵ
ӳ˾ͻˣߣ
Լˣ
ĽݺЦ̧ͷ˰֡
һ֪Ľûˣһ£ǹĶ׼ֱ
Ľ˫۵ɴ󣺡Ҫ
飡
(δ)

İʮ 󱦱

ȫһȻ۾
ǰӣ߶Ƹо˯ˣȫʹ
ү
һᣬоˣŽˡ
ƽѻĺӸˣתƣӣ
ƴӴƽһ㵣ˣȥ֪ͨү
ȥ֪ͨ壬ʱŴǰ˵
ʮֲͷһˣû˵꣬䣡
ȥ屧ŴӺܿͻˣһһȺŪԺŻصԺ档
ơ
Ź庰ƣڴţĿһأ˰ǰźӾҪ֣ۼֿ죬һѱסӡ
ͷƱ屧ڻƿŴ۾ԲĶһ
Сһ￴ֿСһЦ۵Сǿˣʣǵĺӣ
ŷſƣɲǡ
ôôôĸƵģ
㶼˯ˣôʲôϡ棬ǸӵˮãȻװֵġ
̲ס˰ڣ̧ͷ壺˯˶ã
ʮ졣ʮֱҧҪǸĽദ˶ãˡ
˼ô㲻ǵʱǵʱôģôÿζиı䣬ӳ˵λȥûȥˡ
ǹȻˡֱҧ
ӳ˲ˣȻʮ죬Ҿȴֻ죬ʲôûһ˴βˡ
ģŰɡ
һ£ŴŴģ뿪ˡ
סֱս취Ҫȥ㣬ǱҲ֪жż㲻Ҫһͷײ
ƲЦŶЦǺǵСƵ̹˺ܶࡣ
ү˼ƴʱʼӡ
ƣȻˣ˶Ӿɷǲǣ
үȲĻش𣬰Ƽʡ
˵㲻Լ
˹壬ǰСҡ֪ǲϸҡǱ߻ƾе㲻ˣ
һѣ
ү׼Ʋ޳ƽһƷ¡
һ

һ㶼
æĴŷ˯˯̬СޣһƯĺǵġ
ٿģƽġ
ɲ
Ƶһô᣿
ôôࣿ
ƿ˽̧ͷǰشһ£ϴɴ˽
һ°·綼ˡ
ȻߵƵǰȻһЦˣ
ưѻĺӽ壬Ӵ
Ҿ֪㻹ţζ㡣ҪҡͷסŲ
ôˣ
û˵ֻǿһ۰Ƶӣң¸ÿ˴һҪԱ˶ĿҼϵĶغһԽٶ̫Сˣ˷֣ǲܵ˺ǡ
ذ˳
ƻͷһۣѯʣЩô
ûˣΪ˵㣬ҲΪ˼һľޣľѾӹУҲԸҲա
ҪôЩãػͷһۡ
ѰŰصȥſվһ꣬Լǵãʱ˺Ͷһֵġ
ȥҩҡתˣߵſҪȥѾգ۲ˣôߵİƶ֪
˰Ʋתľްȥʣľأ
屧ŻĶߵƵǰѶӽƣʮֲãô
أʮ£淢κǵˣҪֻ֪һ취Ǿʡ
ƫƫӣͺߡ
ĶץƣŶӰƵͷ˶ͷСֿСЦ۾гɷˡ
ԶӵϲðƵһȾ˹ԣĺһ޻ů
ӹ˵ʲôżҪ˵ˣƸжޣĺӣĺӣ
ûãûչ㡣˵ſˡ
ˣƲƲ죬ѹۿҪˡ
һæ˵ޣޡкӲ޵ģ
˵ʲôС̲ˣĺ鶢ŰƣСڰƵϲ˲
סŶӸС֣˶ʯˣ
죡
(δ)

İʮһ 

ư춼ûӦӦЩ⣬ŻĺӻصϣһڣѶӷ£򿪰ȷһ£ǲк
ȻǸк֪Ϊʲôһ
ʱ£ôϲк
ʣкô
ҲΪʲôǾöкҲĸ׶Ժӵĸ֪֪ӵԱ
ǡ
˵仰ʱɫģԾǲˣʧǲԶġ
иŮǰģȻ˵ŮˣرһǶӣһǶӵʱ΢΢ʧǲԶģڴһŮҲãһûС
һƵӣֱƽ
ˣΪİȫ
ǡ
ŮԼĺá
Ҳ֪˼˵ŮȻǺãɶӵȻǸã뽫õļ޸һϲˡ
ҵĶӣҪףҲҪҸϲģҪȻǴҲȥʲô顣
ɫһʲôǴ
е˼Ʊȥŵһߣְƽŵı£ĸϴ
һЦ²¡
ϸţʵҲûرȥ룬ָָȱǸϴ󡣡
ϴ˷ܣһ˫Сȭͷ߬˿ʼŰЦǺǵġ
ڴʱļҲ½ˣ۾ʼơ

ŰưȴƺҪƲ²˭˭
ƽ֣ӣСƽʱɲģôһô˷ܣ
ĸİɣⲻиôָƽµǸͺʵ˲ĶŰƿиֵĸо⺢˼ˣ˲öԸġ
СɣָָһƽסֱǾ棬Ҫ˵һ׵Ĳµǽңأ
ӣôµģƽ֡
ƽҲ֡
ĸģžǡƶġ
С嶯˶ͣɺܰƵͷһ£뿪ȥָһ϶
µģ嶼Щˣôô׾Ͳˡ
ƼǸġ
ˣɭɭģߣ
ưһڣӶЦǺǵĿģһʲôûУ˶ûһһиŮĵи۰ɷһɿ˵Ķӣʲôģ
ʣȡô
忴۰ƣûģ£ȡ֡
Ϊʲôһ֣˰֣ʾ˶ȥƽЦЦ˺뿪ŹϰƱһѱסͷȥ
ʲôšϷſƾҪȥǳأϴԡòġ
ƲĶӣӴʱȻǣΪˣ£Ц
㲻Ҫһ㡣
棿ѰƵǽϣŰƺִһôҩƵģð⣿
үҲЦ
ʲôҲûЦ
үû˵¡
᲻ãһڣ÷ǽɣôȥˣ
ƲЦһЦ
ҧҧͷһڡ
ƿӣôûȡѵȡһҪ£
մҪ֮⣬ǴĺӳҪºȡ
ȡҪ巨ɣ巨ǣŷʵȡ巨ȡ෨丸صȡٷȡ
ɣǲɱĹɱĹɱɽĳּͻҡ
֮ȡϽ
ȷʵϽˣү˵ӵô죿
ʲôô죿ºȡڽʲôԼȡͲͷˡ
Ҫ̫ͻأ
ʾ˵ȡˡû
ƺЦү˵㣬ҸǼȡС
ʲôŰȥǣһһû£һӵ飬ҲǸ˲٣ҪһֱŰƵ飬ףˡ
ȡ֣Ҫġ
ƺЦϴ϶ģС壡
΢΢һ㵣ҲС
˭ᣡ
ߵǰһߣССĺӺֿСЦЦ̵ļ˯
棺˵ôСĺӣô֪ô࣬ұϴʱҲˣôСͶˣ֪ˣ
ǻãˣ
ӱסƣ᲻÷ſ
(δ)

İʮ ɫ

һƱҲ㡣
ϰ´ȥǰʮ죬ϵ͸һָļûһࡣ
Ҳ˰صĵǰأƲ֪ڻزصҪ˵һڵһˡ
Ҫȥľ޵飬żҪҪȻŲͼС
ŹûѣƻһԺĲͼ
׼½ԺҪһͭǽڣ׵޻أҪöƽǵĳ
˯ѣưĲͼ壬ȻЩ⣬԰ƵϿɡ
Թ緹׼ܿ칤϶Ѿ׼ȫǧҹͣĽ죬ò˶þܽɣҪڶ֮ʽ¥󣬱ȻҪٵӡ
ƴ򿪳룬óǷȥҶӡ
ȥ˺ܿͻˣӷûС
ǲʱûС
ô˵ģҪʵġ
˵ûУʱ䡣
ã
û˵
ȥʡ
ƿɲţûӡ
ûӣҪŹȽˡ
ү̫ͻϿǼϴ󼸸ˣѯʡ
ǼֻһΣĸּûӦ
ΪΣƲ⡣
䲻һ۰ƣٰ㱧ţ
ˣ
ĸӷ룬ֿ
Ϊ˱ʾж˹һ£Ŷӣһ¡
Ҫ׾Ͷ׼ڣŤӭϣûһۣ˳ưƿ忴
㿴ҧҸ첲ʲôһҪ˵ؿںҧҲˣƫƫǣǱ䡢̬ôרҧһЩֵĵطȺֱۣʲô䡢̬ٶ
忴۰Ʊϲݮֱۣͷһڣһ£ü㵱⣬˭ƫƫ﷢飿
㡭
ɫһ죬Ťȥ塣
Ҫ
Ѷӷ£Ѱƴһ߱Ѱһ㡭
뵽һ飬ԡ
ʲôϡϡƲ˵Ѿŵˣ쵽Ѫæźöӿɺͳ
ʲôͳͳǳ˻Ҫ£Ǻúѧѧ˲ź÷޺
ǲǷˣǲôС㡭Ƶͱסֱۻһ£ϵʴ£ſڵĺת˳ȥ
ƿܲ£Щ꣺ӻڿأ
ͷѾ۾̬˯ˣһһ˯ÿɰ
ƵĶҪڻˣŤͷ֣ôô˯ˣոջء
ģ֪Ҫ׶ȻҪһЩ
Ҳ棺ô
ơ㿴ӣ㻹˼ȥЩĪҪƷ˱ɣ
ʶȥһۣŤһҹû˯ôֳӣ
ôãһͽˣ
Ҳܴľ£Ҳӱ̣ˣ
̣ʲôӾṆ̀ģֻҪԸ⾡̣
ҪɫҪܣվû׷ʼϵ·һʼϵ·⿪ǿ½
˼תȥѾ۶⿪¡
һҪ⣬ûˡ
԰ƲŽ⿪·һΡ
ǱҪúһˡ
˵·ŵһߣ崩㳯Ű˹ȥ׳˶һЩ죬
һƿ壬Ǻֵġ
ǰ˵壬ĽҲܿȻǹֵĲ࣬Ҳıõġ
ĽݾͲ
޸о
վûƿߵƵǰ̧Ƶ°ͣÿ𣿡
ÿڹ壬ƴĿޡ
ǸĽأҲӲĶĽݵĳӡ
Ȼүʤһ
ģ
Ȼƹɫ˲һƵҲģ̧§ס
϶ദҳֵʱѪ«࣬ҸƵģȻοүҲȥˣǿˣ˹ϰѵ
ȻҲȥ
ãƿһ۴ϵӣǵˣȥʲôأ
Ǳ߳˶ӳûκǣңӳվһƽϣοٻȥ֪꣬ʱ򣬶ӳǲΪĶ֪
ż֪֪ˣô޳ܡ
ƳĬ˭޳ܣӳӲڮʶòãǺãڮٲϡ
ż⣬ΪƽϢȼŭֻɫˣ
(δ)

İʮ ȡ

ʵʤ۱磬Ƶɫһţֱ
Ҫѹ塣
ˣһ᱾ٽã
Ǿˣ¹ڴϡ
ȥûˣѵᣬǵþ˲ɡ
ھڣھͲˡ
޻˵ֲֻϢ
Ѿʱˣʰ磬׼ȥˡ
ȻܽǾȸĵ
˵׼ȥܼæСôСҲһһ䣬ڣҪǳţǲף
ܼһƬģƿվŵĹ䡣
үأ
ûʲôãҲһֱ˵֣
ƿӿɽ̣
ܼ˵ļǣ⺢Ҫ⹫ģΪ䣬·;ңԶڣͲȥɣϸĿܼǺ⣬ùܼҺġ
ܼɼ֣ͻûվͻˡ
һֱ˯ÿնܵģżסģס춼еġ
ûģ⼸ػûţҲûȥҵļңҴǹȥҲΪŵģýҲܿǣҶմմϲ
ܼҵĵ֪ģС⸮ӣǹܼΪ龫ǣҺܸмҲο
뵽ԺҺүȥµʱܶ࣬ǼڸҪûмĵչˣүȻǲĵġ
˹ܼڣһοġ
ܼңˣΪηΣգͲˡ
ʦ˵ǿǿ
Ҫ⼸ӱ̫ãҲ£ǸҲ£ô
ܼһǡ
ܼң׼ϣһҺүȥֲġ

ܼһ£һֻʱеǶԺˣæӦʣȥ
ܼҺõĶͣתææˡ
ܼ˰ƻͷ۹壺ү˵
Ͳܸ¡
š

ܼ׼ãƴϺԼϹܼҺͰһӣСѻСǰţ͹ܼҸϳ߸š
˽ǰܼȥſڣſڵĴſţܼҸæ˸кŵýĹܼҲˤͷСүˣ
ȥˣջûãӷ˾ûȥƺͺӣȻÿһȻҪȥ
ܼ˵Ůͺǻˣæӭӡ
ƺ͹һ˱һܼұһһ˱һһһֱ֣Ǻ䶯е˶˳һƶʱݺᣬ޵ıκʱᡣ
ҲˣʲôŮⲻǺúõô
ƱŴߵǰѻĺӸ˲ûޣ
ûʲô᣿
Ųô࣬ӺǺǵһЦϸŰƣŵĴʯͷ䵽˵ϡ
ŮŪЦԷǡ
һֱŰƣ°ŮˣٱŸӣЩЦ
ʣû׼ϢĵطòԶպȻˣⲻҪ
һˣ
ǻҪԴӰûʼ˺ü꣬ÿ춼жȹȻҲûӻҪ
ûԲλࡣ
˵׼ţе鷳طһҪ󣬶ҪаȫʩҴƽרŸչǡ
ȥ׼ǲ֪Ҫ׼ʲôģ
Ҳ̫ãУҿһ£ŪϢĵطŪһ鷿ǰþͳˣԺ˵
Ҳã
ʲôŮģŮˣѾĵĲˣܼҲһĳŰЦ
ӱ͵Ƶķ䣬ηŵϣȥһᱧһᱧǸĸϲĲˡ
һźȲ裬վſڶţ˶ӵµԺ棬뿴Сǡ
ҪһЩûпɵˡ
Ϲܼһϡˡ
ʣʱүǲû㱧Ǽôô֣һα
һտһֱΪһæ̬
ȥò˵⵹ġ
ƻ⣺ҸȡˣСϴ϶ģ塣
ǵнӣ˩ŵģԺ˼ϼ
ôһãҪһֲ˭˭ˡ
׼ѡһ̳²ҪúõĹ۲졣
ͲҪˣûʲôõġȻϣԼ²˼̳У뵽ȴЩ᲻á
ȴôΪ棡
(δ)

İʮ ǲݰ

һ
㲻ҪãҪ֪Ϊ³Ϊ˵һΡ
ңطҪΪ¡
ÿ첻࣬⹫ҲǣʲôŲǣ
Сڸʳԣûб£Сʱһʳǲء
Ҳϣˣǲݰɣ
˵ôǲݰأˡ
ûڲúѧϰ˾ǲݰ
ﲻǲݰύǱµġ
һ˵ǲݰͲá
ֻǴȷ˼˵㲻úõĽ̸ѧģǽ͵ǲݰ ĿᶨǿЦġ
˼֪ˣһѡģʱ˭Ҫ˵ǲݰȥᣡ
ƺЦʱ͵ſǺúТͳˡ
ǵȻżϲĲˣһῴһᶺǸ
ȻͶ˵ҲˣֻҪһŪ˵Ŵߣһ˫ץҪš
һֱ
Ҫǲ͸ίƵģ۾;ҪƲˡ
һæŰѺӱί
һļҲĺǺǾͿʼЦѰϲģ֪ôá
ļҲܲܣֻðѺӷ£ȥһְĺѰڵģֱð
Ľı˲С
ۣ˵Сĺôôɣ㿴ܵģŶҲ£أ֪ǽˣССʱһģһ
ǣһ˼Ҷһء
ϧˣǶӣҪиŮǽҪˡ
㶮ʲôСϲӣ

ü˭˵ġ
ҲϲŮģֻطŮҲ綼ˡ
ԺϲȢؼú۰츣һŮأ
Ůöˡ
üͷ΢΢һ£ŮҲģ˵ˣŮԺҪġ
ҲǣľޱиùޣҲӦиݵӣǹĸĿô
δأ
ŮһһĸŮӶԶѾĽģͻ̫һһ򣬻ҪŮӹһ
ʵŮҲܶ࣬󹬼ĸҲǾġ
үΣǻҲδƿعĻ
ŪãǰյŮϵŮľǵڶʱ򡭡Σ
Ͷˡ
Ҳûʲô취ˣһλ£᲻á
ˣˡ
ͷܸҽŪˮȺȣҲûˡ
ƿȥˣǼܲʵһЩ⹫ڱ߹ش̹ˣؼǲúú⹫⹫ǣ⹫ۻˣ˭ǣ
һ¶ˣŴ۾Щʲô顣
ˣˣ
иӴģ죬ҪȻȥ
պĸӶӣûİһۣƨˣ
һ˵С̰תˣʵʵһѰͲˡ
ϡ棬￴˿ˣԲ۾Ц
ϲĸĶˡ
ſڵһ棺СҵĺӣǴ
ͯһʱ˵ʲôĶУ鲻ʱʱһ۰ƣԼҲ֣ôô
ԺӰƣܼҽ棺趼Ѿ׼ˣ˶ˣס᷿׼ô
׼ˣǳԹˣסˣȥ
ƽ͹ܼһЩʧ䣬ôˣɺþûˡ
սҪڼҰһ£ǱҪɺԺԺǼˣˣҪڶ֮ǰԺӲУڼһ߿Ҫסڽɺ˲뿪Ҫ׼׼С
һãȻ棿
С΢΢᣺Ѳ˶࣬ʳ㣿
˵ûʳҲҪģ̫ة࣬ƹǮô϶
ǾͳˣҪ׼УӣܲʣٻҪ׼һЩġ
ǣĽ˭Ȼ˭˭
Ӷں
ҡͷǾδˣҪ֪ԽǷƽ˾̫ƽʢЩԽǲģԱ˳ŵģı棬ǲǿˣ
ɲǣһЦҲҪͬ⡣
˵갲򼸸СǷģҪ⹫һǣ

С񸽺⹫Ӣ䡣
Ц۾гɷ죺ߣ⹫ȥ档
˵갲һߣĹܼһʹðǵط̫ذ
Ĳһţزüңܼң¡
ܼ΢΢һ˵һȥˡ
ܼңǸһȥСЩ
ǣ
˷ֱӦĹܼң˵ʲô¸޹أһȥ
(δ)

İʮ ϲ

ź뿪Ҳ˹ȥԺҲȥĹûô࣬ҲôнΪ˿С˹ȥ
ܼҡߺ㲻
ܼæǰү
Ǻı֪üס˭ӣ˭ˣڱǧѡģ󣬻ġ
Ҳ٣ȴ٣˭ˣȥڣҲֻʱ򣬲ڽʱ򣬴ôʡĵˣǽϵ£µϣ˭Ǿľĺǻţľηš
ĪĶ󣬴ǶĿ϶ȴԼ̧̫ߡ
Сǵ⹫ǻǣ㵱СǳȥǺǣ
ܼҴ˰죬æ£үūźͿˣ
֪Ϳͺã뻹ǿɾȵģɣҺǵſڣȥ׼׼պҪסһʱˣӦţŪĳ⡣
ǡ
ܼ˵һȥȥҰơ
Ӱ棬˵Ĳֺţ͸ĸʮĺ˵ƵģĽıֱ䡣
űȥ£һ浽ҹŻȥ
˯ƲȥϢ
˴˵ܼҵ鱾Ѿ˵
֪ү˵ˣҪû˵ܼҲôѹˣҲʹˣҲ̫棬˵ˣպ׵ġ
˵䡣廹ϳϣƿһۣ㲻˵ʲô
Ϣһ˽
ӵ˹ſں칫ſںˣһҪǰƣΪӶ࣬˼ˡ
ƽҪ¶棬˱Ƿޣͺ
ū뿴ֿ˵ģ
͸СӣŰƣƱŴӸϲģιСӳðôôء
󱦱ŵ۾һЦѺĶЦˡ
㿴СӸūЦˣ
ϲءĴӣ󱦱˶ŤС۾˯
Ҳ˲ˣǰеϲĲˣ̫ˡ
ΧżӰĿĿޡ
칫̲סˣūҲ뿴
ɡǲ¿˭
칫һҲ˵ĲˣϲĲˡ
ˣƲȥ﹬·Ϻ˵ūһֱ˵һֱ˯ţﲻ̡
û£ëˣСʱܴ̼ܴ̼˯ҵ˵֪ѡ
һ
칫׷ʣʱôܴ̼ˣ
ľްɣҸүȥͲˣǼء
ˣ˵ĺӻ
òԺæŴԼһͣū
£û£޽ɣ˵㵽˳﹬
ſӭӣȻǶͶ
һͣ£æߵǰ㡣

æߵǰ뿴ӡ
ʵΪֹû˼ӣ岻ƻ˯˭Ҳǿơ
̫飬ľһֱš
նõϢû׼Ϊ˻ģŻǰ
˵󣬽ȥ
Ŷ
˸߲ҵĸŽ˳﹬̫ȥżżˡ
Ƶһϰݼμĸ󡣡
ɡϵҲڡ
μϣʺ󡣡
ɡ
ϵҲܼĲǿ⼸ӣǿû½
ƳﲻζԴӽӵϢڣζӳ¡
ҲŮˣô᲻Ľ
죬ϴοµʱⶼһˣŹ
̫󼤶һЩǡ
Ƹ˸źȥ̫󿴣Ҳ˹ȥ̫󰤸Ŀһ顣
ˣ̫ǺǵĿʼЦЦ̫̲ס˹ȥ
Сץס̫·ĺ˵̫㿴СӶʶĸأ
ô̫ʣСʶĸô
Сһ°۾̫̫ţСǺһЦͷ̫ĻȥʼΪˣߵ
̫ϲģæȥļһ飬
ˣϣ⼸Сһﰡôôϵˡ
㣬ʲôأ̫Ҳˣ
̫˲ϱģ̲ס˵⼸ɻأ
ôÿҪúÿ˵Ż̫ǰȥ־ͱһ
Ǻһ㶣۾ǰѻ̫סˣ
(δ)

İʮ СͿʼ

̫ҴСӷ
е㳤ƶ
㡭
̫ȥҲһأҲĸأôɵأ
ֻ̫Ǻ庢ӵһ仰û뵽СһˣֿСЦʼŴߵģͦ˵ģʶˣ
̫ͻ̫סˣ̫棬ôСĺء
⺢ӣ̫˵̫㿴
̫ȥǸҲˡ
̫˵̫ĸ
ǺǡŸ˵
̫󻹲ˣϣ㱧š
̫ѻĺӸϵۣϵСİѺӱȥЩǣ⡭
վɣ̫˵ʲ
ǺǡҲЦˡ
ְ̫Ѷ˹ȥҲȥţȻᣬĽʺޣҪСıš
ǲЦŶ
̫ȥˣ
̫ȥǶʲ
ǺǡҲЦһЦѶЦĲ˺ӣۼֿ죬һѱסˣûһ۶
Сˣˡ
̫Ϊŵˣû˵㿴㣬ֶӶЦʲô
ǲ֪ôһ޹ѾȲˣڴȥ̫
ĸҲҡ
ʲĸ̫˵СǺǵЦˣץһ·ϵӣʼ
̫泩һתվһʼղǰЩĻʺƳ
ʺҲ
ǡʺߵ˵ǰҪãźӶ㵽̫ȥˡ
ĸү˵ҪҶ౧ϲҲǰ˵̫ȻǸ˵ġ
౧ɡ̫˿̫Ҳ˵ʲô㿴塣
ֻðѻĽƳ
ƳСİСȥ˭֪Ƴʹ
˵ʲôҪ뿪
̫ɫһ˲䲻
Ƴŵãźڵϻζ
˶ǰҲЩΪѡ
ˣȥӣס·Ҫ뿪
̫żˣѻĽȥӣʲĸޣ
̫С޵ĸˣ͸Ƶģ̫ޣҪ̫һУæű˹ȥ
̫̫Ļ
ӣС̫۵Ҫ˻ΣͷССŤȥ̫ӣСίƲƲ죬̫æ˵ȥȥˣ
˵СˣֿСЦˡ
̫ɫһüƳʺ㻹Ȼȥɡ
Ƴæ£檡
ˣذɡ
̫ãƳҲ¡
˳ȥ
̫Żʺ뿪תϵۣϣ㲻ȥʺ󣿡
ˡ
ϵۿ۳׵ƣת뿪ˡ
ϵ˻̫˵ˣô˱Ŷû£ƫƫʺžͿް
̫ۻ̫˵ˣȥɡ
ŸŽȥŵ̫ϢĴϣȻֻţǻ棬ĺܣ̫ڹתƣ˵Ƕĺܡ
̫˵ˣôõӣûʹء
ĸ󣬶ʹͣŮŮ˸飬ΪԸ⡣
ţģ鱾ڣлѡ񣬱ôȥľްɣľû֪ޱѾ޷ģúȰȰɡ
ǡ
תȥ칫ȥľޡ
Ƴӳ﹬ˮϵ۳ûҵȥ˷ǹǱߡ
;оٵ¹ϵͣҲͣˡ
ϣƸ˸ӡ
ϵעŰȴû칫æǰ󿴿˵ϣū¡
˵£ʵȥûϵۿ칫ȥƵǰַŰ
̧ͷ޿
һ꣬һ󲮸磬Ҫʲô
ƻ̧ͷϵ˫΢΢۾
Ŀӣϵ˵ãϲ
ƾᣬһ˼˵ʲô
ɣϵǲСˣ˭ˡ
ľ޵޾ˣҲΡϵ۸ֶŰƻָǰСš
һȻľѳɴϿһЩɣϣܶľ޺һЩ
޻ģֻϼޣҲΡ
ϣҽȥϼȻȥʺ󣬳ˡ
˦ϵۣϵȴ˳޿ɡ

̾ʮ̧֣ɨ裬濴
ЦˣϣĶ׺ˡ
ǵ鵤ҩˡϵתˣƿ񾭲һҡҡͷתٵ¹
(δ)

İʮ 

ٵ¹Ĺ˼ǰ칫Ҳ֪ʲôʱڰƵ칫һٵ¹е˶ˡ
Ƶٵ¹޹޹ҿһѽľޡ
ſͣ£ٵ¹Ůȥľޣľһ£תƣòŰĽˣʰƣ㻹
ƿ칫Ůȥɡ
Ƶĺᣬ˵˵ûɱ
칫˳ȥ
ŮľޣȻǲҶԡ
ʹºū澣ūʱڡ
Ůȥľ޺Ц㻰ô˵
֪˵ʲô
վſûľüʣҼ˻ϣ˹Ϊ㣬ˣ
ǲǸôֲ֪ҡ
ûľҲûǰ˾ôվţ㿴ңҿ㡣
ȻľͲ˵ˣ໥ôš
ľʣֵģ
ûлӦľЦһ£Ҿ֪
ľ޼ϵĽŽߵǰѽ䵽ƵĲϣҪɱ㣡
ɱʲôãɱҪõĻɱңϧûá
ƺݣҲһ۲ϵĽ
ľ޺Ȼŭɱ㣡
ľ޾Ϳƺ޶ݣ䵽Ĳͷˡ
ľ޿ŰƣŭɶΪʲô㿪Ż˭
ҡͷľޡԲ𣡡
ľһ£Ľ䵽ϣתȥ뿴ƣƾվľվš
ֱľ޹ˣ˵ɣҿ㣬ȻҾɱ㣡
˵ӣк
˵갲תˡ
Щ£ǲӴĺãӴĶ顣
ˣߵԽԽױǣԶĺá
ˣľתſڣ˳ȥƻ뿪ˡ
վٵ¹ſڣľ޽֣ƣ
ƴٵ¹뿪ʺƳƸ˸ӣμʺ󡣡
ƳЦЦƽȥ˱߹أҲˣԭľҲһˣû뵽ȴٵ»ʹһ˵ǰͣ
Ƶͷû˵ƳҲ
㲻˳ۣ죡
칫΢΢һΣæ˵ʹð
칫ھҲʼ۸ǲǣƳЦ칫һԾæŹ˵ϡ

㣬˭ҰƳ˸һ
Ƶĳ֣ةฮǴ
㿤ʲô޸ƽ̣ƽܡ
׺ͻƲƽƫƫȢףܴ裬Ц
Ƴ˷Ƶģŭ칫
칫æſͷ
ģã㣬
칫оãֲҲӣƳĻӵˡ
칫亹ֱ
Ƴ˵죬ѪΪֹ
칫Ŀһ£
ūŰɡ
㲻
Ƴˣ칫ͨһؿͷɡ
㲻ǲǣƳͲ飬ߵ칫ǰһŲ칫ϣѹûõĹūţ㶼򣬱㿴ôġ
˵Ƴֳ̧ŰƵкȥƲֻš
İǰһΣһƬϻۡ
칫ͷɡ
ūţ˭ӣ㲻֪ˣƳһ߿칫칫ͷˣߵæȥƳͷҪˡ
Ƴָ̧˰һƶһˣƻû
Ҳˣ
챾ʹ㣡ƳֻҪֱסˡ
ÿ

ģһƿƳ̧ͷƳһͷȦתֻƣʲôǹֵûƴİһʲôίˡ
ƵۻۣҧǲɵӣΪβ㣬Ϊβ֣
˲ҧס촽ֻǶŹ忴
ȻתƳҪ㲻ú
˵ƾߣ칫ĸţ˼תһͷҪ
칫һ£Ƴ
ǡ
ƳȥˣתŹȥ칫Ҫţ칫һơ
ͷһۣҧҧƳб°ǿмԴ
˵깬תߣƱڻһ·ص﹬﹬̫˵˵żСοɰûкͻ̫ҫ˼Ϊĸϲû취εġ
(δ)

İʮ 

̫ĽĽûôҲû
˵Ƕû˶
˶̫˵ʲôϵĺúõģȻͲˣ̫һ֪Щôˣˡ
屧˽ţһֱǺޣŵֽ̫æң̫Ҳˣ
ôˣ̫ˣʲôû
̫סǣ
ֱӰѰƷŵ˴ϣӿ޵˺ѷΣ֪ױˡ
æʱһ󾪺
̫һôˣľ޴ģ
ҡͷӾǿޣ̫ķˣĸһ
Ȼˣ̫۾Щǳɾ˻ô˰
̫ʱԽãЩӾôСأö
ģ󱦱ίĿŰǱߣҲˡ
ŭ𣺡Ƴû꣡
칫Ƴˡ
̫Ŀ΢һ۾Ϳ칫ֱˡ
ֱֺס
²ԣôҲǻʺҪš
ʹ˸ɫ﹬˳ȥ
̫Ƴ£檼ĸ󡣡
̫֣ôǣ
ĸ󣬳ٵ¹⿴ܳ칫Ҳܻæȥ˿ˣͰѳ檸ˣǳ檶֣ǳԩġ
û뵽ƳʱƱ硣
̫ˣô
ʹġ
Ŀ䣺ô˵ǱˣǻʺƣҲǻʺ˻칫Ҳȵģ
ôô칫Ƿֱɡ
칫ڵϣɫ԰ס
֪ô죬Ҳӣǿͷƶپòԣͳ˹ȥȥҲˣ칫һͷײϣͷײˡ
ƺ칫칫
ϵ۽žͿһĻ칫ƣһūԻϣ̫ǣūֻл
Ǻαأʲô¶ܹȥûʲô˵ģû˴ңԼСײǽˡ
칫ݺ᣺ū
æ˵ߣһº˵ϧùߵʱ򣬻л
칫һŰƣġ
ģɨ裬ɨ칫壬Щ𵴣Щ­ѹߣѪûѡ
칫ȥţүиҽҵҩҪҺ
ŭһȥ
һ㶣ǡ
תææˡ
̫˶ûĶƳЦԭԼײģǱʺء
̫ȥδ˵
̫㣬ҲˣȻȥˡ
̫ˣһ۶߰ɣĸ岻ãҲɡ
Ṭ飬һ²Ը뿪ˣתˡ
̫뿪̫һۼ˵ӣŵƳҲˣûʲô¾ȥɡ
ǡ
ʺˡ
΢Уסȭͷ
̫һ۵ϵ칫ȥ˱𴦣
̫뿪˹ȥ
̫֮ĳϢأ
һԲ
̫ŭ˵
޻˵ϣԡ
ҲСˣҪ㣬ǻʺֱ֪֮㡭
ĸƱˣ˭ѾҪҪǣ۵ģ˵깬תߣ̫һŭ
ƵûôָƵûãˡ
æ칫飬칫
칫޿˵
ϵۺܿ﹬һ£ʣôŪģ
Сײǽˡƻô˵
칫æҪưסˡ
ˣϵһ⡣
ū
ײǽˣ칫ųСĲһţողСˤһӣײǽˡ
ϵۿԶô£ʱһҧʡ
ŭһÿÿ
Ź߷ſڵһŮȥ˭
ϵתȥһ֣Źŭ𣺡ȥ
ϵתֶǲҲùȥǳ﹬㻹Ұˣ
̧ϵ۱񣬽ûС
Ŀϵۣ·֮Ѫһʱϵ۶Ź巢֣
ΣѲɻ봦ޣϵƣʵģҪ۸ˣ
(δ)

İʮ ϵŭ

һᣬȥ˰ߣûϵۣ͸ǻϣϵ۲һ
ϵתһ⣺ˣ
ȥƣƸ칫Σ뿪
ոɨһΣ칫Ǻܺã칫ѹ
칫΢Ҳ˲
¿Ƶ겻ôף
ô죿֪ЩŹ֣ʱ˵µʱҲûᡣ
Ƶĵүȥôǲʲôµˣˡ
ū£ְɣϣūԺźˣūˣū뿪ʹɣūȥһˡ
ϵʣϧùô
ǣ
ϵ۵ͷã׼ˡ
ūлϣ
˵칫ƣЦллūŵ˿ūŸм
̫һĻк칫˵ɵҲ뵽Լֲ̧˲ʪ۾̾˿
ǲܶ죬ӵĳ裬޷ǸūţӺã͸ǰǸˣЩ˭ǹūţ̫࣬ţǵײǸˣ
칫³·𿴵Լ³Ӳ˲ϵᣬҲ֪ʲôʱ͵ˡ
ۿ칫Ҫˣźҽҽ
̫Ҳסˣæ˳ȥſڼˣǰһӰҩŵǰæŴҩ䣬ó칫עһ롣
칫ҡͷˣôõĶūŵϣϧˣ
Ҫ˵һģֻҪҵĲˣͶһģûκεĹ֮֡
ūűжˣūŲˣҩҪūˣԺõŵãūš
죡Ʋ칫ķϻֽ칫˵Σ칫
칫ŰƲ˵һ칫۾Ȼ칫
죡̫ͷۺæű˻ȥ
칫˯ţվܻҪһʱܺãϣɷ칫͵ȥҪǱΪ칫β
ȥɡϵ۴Ӧˡ
ƷԸ˰ͽž͹µܸҽ칫ȥˡ
ʱҲƹ
ϵ۷̫£飬ߵһߵǰ¡̱һţɫһ
ڼǰţֱʱӶûЦǺܰǰĺܹ졣
ϣ龭׷˱͹ܲˣաԭǺܸ˵ģҲ⼸󱦱ϲЩ˾ǲ˳ۣ鷳
Ϊ˭յ±档
ںΣ컯ˡ
̫ȥ󱦱˵ţ˿ɱǻʲǣһһ
˵ɫһϣʱˣذɡ
ϵΣֻӳ﹬뿪
뿪﹬ϵ۵ɫһ䣬˷ǹ
Ƴ˿Ѿ׼߰籣ڷ׼ˣϵ۽ű㿴Ƴ˵ӣϵۼǰˡ
Ƴ£ϵʣʲôҪֵ
Ƴһ£ᡣ
ҴˡƳϵ۽ƿ
ôˣ
ϣǳ檲ã檸ƳŰ龭˵һ飬ֶû˵©
ѹôϵ۵ֻɿƳ˫磬ƳоĿһȥסϵ۵֣ȴûס
ʶʲôʱϵѾվ
ϵ˵ˣʺҲ蹢ڻҸȥǸ˵һˣԻ˵
ϣ㲻ֳ檣Ƴһȥϵۣϵȴű߼ʵĶ㿪ˡ
ȥЪŰɡ
˵ϵ۱ˣƳо鲻ãæ׷˳ȥ
ϡƳҪȥ
˰úÿŻʺ󣬻ʺҪţϵ۷Ը˱ˡ
˭ûʺȥ׷Ȱ˵
ƳվڷǹſڿϵԶȥıӰ˶ٴӾûֹһƣƣƾʲô
ϵһ·ĿǳһؿȼգԺǰƱǰƾǿĻѻ
ڱסס
칫ڣϵ߻ûüָĸС̫ȥڹ߶ֻһˡ
幬ϵֱ롣
æʱѾĸ£ǰһӵ飬һ󣬹ϵһСΣÿնСģ㲻
幬żȥ
ˡŮæܽţһ⣬ӭ㿴ϵ۽š
檲μϡ
ˣԡ
ϵһûطãӵİúõĴȫˡ
ĻƲסϴڣҪй
(δ)

İʮ ƻϵͳ

Ҵææ׼ϵˮţԡɾܿϵۡ
ϣЩأź򲻺ûϣϡ
˵Ѿ˹ȥǰһѣΣ·٣һԵҰַ

Ƴɵˣŭȭͷһжǰƣ
Ƶ϶ûףЩƣžӷҪȥȻҪõˣҪǲȥϻҪչ칫
̫ż棬ܾĸģƱˣҲˣһİŷܵЦһ£˺ܲ
ҹס°ɡ̫᲻ü󱦱ԥ£ȻܾˣĸҲӡ
ˣһһΣδˣĶҪѿˣĸҲͻˣ
屧һһŰƾߣ̫ͷ˹ȥڹıʹģͷ
̾ϢʲôȱȱʼҵѪһүǻʼҵĴ󹦳Խˡ

˰˵źˣ̫¡
ȥ̫ĸǻʺ㣿
һֱΪ²ˣʺΪʲôˣ
˶סҪд˵ıǮģƳҪͷˡ̫תȥһ۶
ҲȥɣȻ沣߶߶ӦõģմЩȥǼӣĸǺĽġ
̫Ŀ˿˵ĶӣҡҡͷϧҪǸ⣬ҲҪˡ
ĸһŬģ˼û̫һѹӣæź˵
ҲҪлУ鼱ãĸأȵüذɡ
̫ܻˣǲģպҪָǵġ
Խ˵ĸҲ֪ô£ҵĶӲ˵˾˵ŮҪѰһ£˵£Ǹ󷽵ĹҿүȢˣҪǲԸҲɡ
һˣһ쳯˿ȥʱ˵ҪȢΪηҪͱȥ
ҶӲҲÿ˶Ӷү
죡
һŭ촽¶ӵĲǰͶ
̫⣬Ǹ¶ˡ
˾ȷʵ׼ʦسҲȷʵиŮ˼˵ͣڼ޸˭ǻ˵أͱвˣذɡ̫ҲҲôһ٣Ҳûȥȡ
һӣĽֻöҲӣľˡ
ȥ·϶һٸԸ⣬ǽϾء
ŸȢ֪ǰʲôģһĶˡ
εţҲˣ˼ڶϣƳΪʲôˣ
е㷸˼תƵȥˣ˿үΪʲô֣μǺͺˣ
ڶԾڻŲµ ܾ֡
žȥĸĸ˵Ҳɣˡ
˵Ǿãظ
ԭҲǺܽ⣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôﲢܡ
֣ǲǵãεмѹǼǵõġ
飬˵Ҳࡣ
ǵˡ
Ŷ
ǵˣ
е㷸ˣ˯ˡ
ȥϣһȣס˵֣Ҳ֪Ϊʲôμ治֪
ûӦˡ
ʣˣ
á
˸Ǻãԭһʱȫˣһǡ
ص³˿һķʲô뵽ģ޲Ƕҹνоֵ顣
ûɵ̾˿ôˣӲ˰ɣʲô
ôˣˣȸӶ
˿һۣҡҡͷûʲôүùҡ
ȥϢһŶȥ˯ţ˽й˯ˣȥˡ
ôţһϣڶϡ
Ƶûֻǰһϡ
Ҳһϣ˯ˣˡ
ǰϸҲˡ
ƾǾ֣ÿεҪ˻Ǳˣܿתôôãصûã
һѵӣȳȥ
ŵã֪Ҫʲôæȥү
Ƴûˣϻһһȥһӣ˿Ѫˡ
ٿ
ѵϵͳгǸ
ʶЩԼһѣ۵ĶˣһƬ
ָֺ֮ܿԭˡ
ƴʱѾҲţϵͳи˼Ǹ
(δ)

İʮһ 칫

ʱƵĵѾˣŽŵĹ忴һۣ㲻ô
˵һѵӳʲôأ˵ʱȥѰƵȥĿ˿ȷûʲô飬ŰѰƵַ¡
ûʲôǼûԶϵЩ᲻ãû֡˵һһ˵Ҫӣ͸Ҫһŭ
ôСģͲǳԹ㣿ȥָָƣ˫ƽӳŹ忴ȥ̷ŵֱͦ˵£ء
ƺЦߵǰ˵үôң
һºֱĿŰƱ㲻˵ˡ
˵ˣҪȥ칫Ҳû֪ܸҽһôˡ
֪ǣһϣЩڣץһ°Ƶ֣˴ͷһ¡
ƺЦ˵㣬ʲôã˵Ҳôһϲ˯۲ۣ
ˣ
ҲҪϢһû˯϶ˣǼϢȥ칫칫ʹˣϧùʼһҲϣôˡ
ҲΪңȥүϢ
ƷŹȥ齱ߣָ⿪·½һҲȷʵˣ˿Ķӣ˲٣ʰƣǼô
ˣôôϢȥΪֵ飬һȫˡ
ֱ룬ǡ£ϱӷֱۺȥպðѼӻڻȻе࣬ŬŬҲܹġ
СеԶڼ裬Ҫһ㣬СŲǰ棬§С塣
뿪ϢԺȥ칫칫ˣһֱڻ˯ͷˣʼˣܸҽ׼ȥ֪ͨˡ

ܸҽæ񣺡Ѿ޴󰭣ֻҪһʱ䣬Ͼʹˡ
ҿߵ칫ǰ£칫Ҫ
Ҫﾲ
칫жˮæӲ˲ūⱲҲûܹĴ˸ҿŸź򡣡
ЦˣҲˣҿûʲôͬģ˵ͨ׵㣬Щٵ˵㣬Ҷ֪ˣЩ˻أҲһʲôûУ˵أ
칫ˣ˵Щ²ȥ⣬ֻҪĿˣ˾ʲôҪ壬Щǿˡ
˵ǽѰ˵ǶʲôҲõʱ
֮ԻţΪģ飬
һ˵иŮˣڵϣ·˿һ߹ȥˣҡҡͷˣڶ˿·Ů˸ˣҲˣֻе·ʱ˸ӰŮˡ
Ůˣһ÷˸һ𳤴󣬵ȴûһҲûŮ֮飬ȴ˺ܺãڶδδ䰮Ҳǰ˵ģԭҲûһ𣬷ͻȻֵһˣϡͿͰȢˡ
ǸδѰȥˣϺУϺаˣԭɣ˵δ޼޸ˡ
Ϻ˵Ϊǰδ޵ˡ
Ϻ˵δ޸мģծ·ˣȴҪ޸ˡ
ҲΪʲôЩ˰㿴ôãȴиŮȥס
ٻˣҲһ֮䣬һ֮䣬ˡ
칫⣺ǰϧأ
Цϧùֻ칫һ飬ֻϧʱˣڰҪȥͶ̥ˣ˵׼أʲôطˡ
Ҳ˵׼ϧùõԸߵģ칫
칫˿ƣҡ
мҵø㡣
˵칫˭ţŰơ
˵Ҹ˵£ǷŹ£أطʢУǼ
Ǽ̫ի𡣡
ġ칫æŻش
Ƽ˵֪ȫΪʦ߹ҡ
ŷأͲɱԼҲǲеġ
ΪһԼˣǾпܣ޷תͶ̥
ϧùãҲ޷ת
칫һ
Ʊ벻˵ʲôˣ칫æʣǿô죿
취ҲеģҪһϵĸžŰʮһֻҪˣ˵ȥͶ̥ˡ
Ҳ֪ϧùõȷʵүһɵģһ
֪֪
칫ͷæ˵ûоİ
Ǻ˵ҵǿ취ŪֻҪźϣҲ
ϡ
칫ԥˣ˿
(δ)

İʮ Сˮ

Ƹ칫˿׼뿪ˣת˺ͶȻվſڣ˶˼Ķ˵顣
ôˣƿʡ
ġߵ칫ȥк
칫õôһʰ칫Ļлˣһ칫Ҫ
ˣ칫Ҫء
칫ţллū
̫ˣҽ˵㲹ƷúţҪżô࣬ȥźżˡ
칫һ˸뷨£Ϥź򣬾Ͳذлȥˣ˵׼أʱźţȻᱻ˾ˣЩҪҪҲν
ֻҪİϧû£֪ˡ
ūġ
˵˻˲ȥҰƣ˵Һү׼֪ϲϲ
ƵȻϲϲ߰ɡ
ƴ˻ȥӣЩˣһˣ
¶Ȳ裬ƣҲ̫ˡ
źȦЩһĺȲ
Ҳͷۣ˺Ų裬ƵĿŮˣź졣
׼˸ֵǮȴ˵г˱
պ÷һ졣
˵ţˣȥǰ棬һȺˡ
忴ȥϻصƿˣҹûôϢҪϢˣȥɣҪûʲô¾Ȼذɡ
ſ϶û˵˿ӣ˸ǷƣҲû˯ãھȥϢ
תȻԼǱߣҲ֪ˡ
֮ǰ£Ϣ˵أûˣȻصҪˣǲΪԶһˣ
㲻ֻȻˡ
ȥǰԺ˸Ŷ뿪
ǰԺ˺ܶ࣬ʹ̫ͣɫʯһţſűûʲôɫʯΪһЩʲôģ򿪿ȻʱʯⶫǺ󣬰𣬺⡣
̫崮ӡ
ϵӡ¡
ƽаܼԼ¼¡
ƽӴæһ죬κִζˣ顣
ùúôƼǵҩûȫùãҲ֪ʲôˡ
κִ˵嶼ã֪ζϲܸˣĥȡֵ顣
ƿ΢΢񣺡Ѿϲˣ
ǣ
졣
ϲ
лл
θƵĸоַˣĺɡ
һᣬκִˡ
ŹӺʣǲǸд
һ㵣ֳԸɴף
ѵûˣûʣȴȥס˰Ƶ֡
ֻοȥ˵Ըȫһ˵ƼҵŮüô
иģǸһҰƳԷģ˻ȥ
Ȼ˺ܺÿܾò˽ҪԣһٶҪ¡
Ʊȥһ˳˷ϰҲϢˣ컹Ҫ
Ͱ˾ƣʱ˵һˣûȥϢˡ
СڹǰŹ壬С˴ɫĹ壺Ҫôɣ
ȻҪʲô
Сһѿ벻һתͻȥǿģȴһβ̵ȥˡ
Ĳ㣬˻ˮˣةվة࣬²ΪʲôСת
Ӻϣûлش
Сһ᣺ܵøңǵʲôڣ
ĹھǱˡ˯һ칬徫Ѫֿʼˡ
С˿һ۹壬⣬תˡ
˽鵽ĵ⣬ִµС̫һæǰݼ
ūŲμСˡ
ɣϣСҪ
˵Сûһ۹壬ʲôҪʺͻʺԩ޳ҹ빬
ǲӻˣ
С̫æȥ棬ʱҲãϵ۸ոմ˳£׼뿪С̫ϵۿһۣððʧʧضûС

С̫ŵòᣬϵһƣʲô£
СˣСҪ
ϵ˼˭˵СҪ
СˡС̫ոձĵ³ӡ
ֻ˵ˣȴû˭˵
ϵ˵ɡ
С̫ഫ٣СУСһȻǲϱǷģ
ǡشȻСС
(δ)

İʮ үְչ

˼ϵ۲μˣϵװۣδ̧ͷˣֻʣҹ빬ʲôļ޲ϢҲ°ܶˣ
᱾ӵС˵ĻС˲գȥס
ϵ۸оԣ䲻ˣɫ˳
ôĵӣ޵ǰҲΣǵ治޷ˣ
ϵһɨϵۡ
С̫ŵһ£򵹵һģٿСˣ˾͸ʲô¶ûһɵȻ
С˫סۣϣռһЩҴϣ²ܵ飬ʴ㳼һͬʥ϶ᡣ
ϵ侲һЩ

С̫ŵһ£ϵֻ˵ȥ
С̫ϵ˵ɽеһֻͻȻһŵһ£æȥסۣϵ۳ȥ
ϵ۴ɨһۣɫ˳ʺ󣿡
ϵ۰ѱӵϣžһС˺һһƨһĹ壬Ҫˡ
ϣʱϸ˼֣ϳ£ֺб䡣СӲͷƤ
ϵۿ壺ע⣿
ң̵ͷ˵
ϵȻʺޣ˭Ҳˣ޵Ůˣʱֵˣ
ϵһŭǰеĶɨˣϵʣ㲻Ϊ˻ʺƣɣ޸򣬿Ҳңûӡ
޻ûأҪʺˣ޶ŮǵҪŪˡ
ޱΪ㣬㿴޶㲻ƴ
û뵽ƣ޿ĺĸΣ
ɩĸѵһԭûô
һ֮޵Ļʺһ֮ĸ㾹˹ڻﻹޣ
˵޹ݣС˲鵽¹ش¹Ҵ˲ʢϵ鳼⣬˵ʺƣƴ˳ϣģܸͬܡ
塭ұƹ
ϵŭ𣬹̧ͷϣʺǳһ˵飬Գкã
㰡ޣ޵
˵ǲ׷ʺˣ
Ϊأ
ϽɽҪΪһЦˣлҪ˵Щ裬ϥӣײ𣬽ǻʺΪȻܸ£㲻ڸ档
ϡǹ٣
ӣ˫ϥ£ͷˡ
СתȥѾˡ
С˵ˣ
תСҲҪߣϵ۽סȥȰȰúøް£¡
˵ʺѾĽʺ󡣡
Сתϣлʣʡ
ϵ飬֪
ˣ
С˼ϵۣת뿪
С˿ѾԶĹ̾Ϣָָ£
屻һȺС̫־תСˣС˲ߵǰ
¾ûһһĿˣǻϣı֣ѱֶˣǴ󲻾
ĶˣҺθɣȻСһ޿κΡ
˵ĺ鷳Ƿġ
ɾΪƣڣ
ʺ鲻һգʱ£ϲ⡣
ҲͰˡ
Ǵۡ
֪ĽɣαػҪסţ
Ҫȥͱ˵ߣСæס
Ҹ㣬ѾĽ˻ʺҪȥ£Ҫ֡СΣֻðҪ˵Ĵ
Ľֻһʱģݵȴһģ֪ۣѵ֪ۣ
ܹ̽ܵ߱鲼£ѵ㲻֪ʺκԽ߷߲ƽԣҲһ仰˵ˡ
С˴Ӻ漱ææ׷ȥҲǵһΣȥܹͣôβˣ
ת̧֣һƲСˡ
һưŮ˵ʱ򣬾֪ˡſ֣ţ١
С˷˵ʲôһŮˣ㻤Ůˡ
˵㲻һûʲôһô֪Ů˲ǶǸŮˣô֪ڵŮ˲ڵŮˣ
ϷҪǸ㲻ǱĶ֡
ƢԽԽתˣС˿ʮƥҲԣ
ˣ·Žˡ
ȥˣһƿڴ֡
ſڰϵ·ſȥϴϴȥƺʹ󱦱ǡ
ƿûϵıϢش͸ˡ
үǲǴ㲻˵ˣƾŲţԵ顣
Ҳʲô£ûҪ˵ʱҲˣϢɡ
˴Űƣ˳§סĲӣ˵үʲô£ֻҪ캦飬ҶվߣϸңպǶٸʵ׵׷ʡ
ǲɡ£Ǻ̹
үôˣƷס壬忴ڻʵ԰ѿأ˵ʵ
˼ô˵үְչ٣
(δ)

İʮ ƭ

š˫ֱסƣãרڼƺͶˡ
ŶƺЦǹͣĿڷ·ʲôУһϮ
֪Ϊȥ˻ϣֻϧ˼ҵǻϣ˵һүڻܴĹϡ
ĳЩˣ飬ͻ᲻ǣˣСƢ
ôһҲǰĺְչˡ
һҹ콡컣Щˣȴ˯ĲˣҲˬһ绹ŸŰһȦ˼ֻл
óеˣȻ֪ģ˭Ҳ˼˾͸˻
պÿһ˱һйӻˡ
֣˸ʲôأ
ŰܼңСǣǶ˯ء
ǡ
Ӧˣȥˡ
緹ôǡ
˵ϳһ档
أȥ壬ͷ
һһΣܺóԡȷʵһγԣȻһֱڴÿͽֱߵС̯Ҳϱߣ֪̫ࡣ
ʲôָָйޡ
˵йޣģ׼УǼҲ
ƤЦⲻЦ˵ЩŹ֡
پò̫á
ôҪģǲүģѭ򽥽ɲЩؿڳԼҪģԼĹ塣
ǵģ򣬵ҲûǮ֪ںӶ࣬Ҫð췿լ᲻ãǮ
һЦݡ
ˣʱǶ棡
ȱ˵
ʰɡ
ƿ壬ִй޵ĸӣһܵУͷС
ǽôʣһ
ж֪
ֹ֪һЦжǮ
ʮӣǮ
³£ܾúúЩ
ҡҡͷʮӣǻԩˡ
ʲôѹջȥ
ܶͶֻǴʱҪˣҿֻУҲսˣֻǿϧʱˣԶˣǵûѭ֮Ǿ͸ˡ
ƣ˵ʲôôе㲻֪ˡ
û˵жû춷еô˲·涼ܶοˡ
⼸ֻе׬Ǯˣ˸ðзŹɽ֣ѰһȻʱȴΪһ΢棬Ǹˡ
˰ӮˣҲҵ
ù͵ʲôҪǰᡣ
˵˵õСʱţļֻǷꡣ
ֳֺҪô˵Ǳƭˣ
ǵȻʱŻǸ˹ƻûأȥһļ
лĺúõģȥܳϣţΪʮӣһõүŽȥ˼Ҳʡ
ûãƾͿģƽʱϵأԸѰСƭӻԥԥġ
߰ɣҸȥȥ˱˵žͳˡЩˬôһ˵ҲԹԸŮš
һˣƺܿ쵽е̯λϣϺܶйޣ涼ûôлˣͿǸڴ˵á
ߵǰѯʣϰ壬ҵ๫Уд£
ǰôˣôϰҲһˣͺһ
˵ܻãʲôʱʲôʱģ
һʣСˣǸרҲģ
⻰˵ģʲôʱ֪ҲǸˣѲɻҪɣСˡ
һ
˵ʲô
ƿһ۹壬ˣɫɲá
˵Ҹ㣬ʮ£ҲԽѣڶ»Ϊ׳棬׳濪ʼ磬µʱ򻯳ɳ棬Ҳڵӡ
һһʮ쵽һʮһ죬Ҫ
ЩУǽУ£ۿҪˣҪץģҲͺˣܿû
Щģһ۾ܿ˺ۣУͦãҪң˺ۡ
̵ľǣǶˣһӣʱŹȻи꣬Ҳô죬㻹һҪΪֹϾУʮӣ㵱أ
˵ǳеģһ㣿СһԵ
ҡͷвУҸмҾ֪ˣҲ磬ǲƭˣǿУʱѾ캮й޿ǲǴ󲿷ˡ
Ҫû˵е˻ǮŵóǮˡ
⡭
СһţƢãһ߹ȥСſڵϲҽС
û˵ǲײĲᣬΪ˶úŪˣ
Űɡ
Сһܣһ߷ϵйޣйײССſڵˤһӣû
(δ)

İʮ ΪС˿

С£ƻؽ͹˶ɵĸţһΣת򰲽͹壺Ϊʲôںţ
ûˣںѹͲȥǰҫˡ˰죬ôһ仰ѰƶЦˡ
ƿ壺үأ
ɴں棬ǰ棬ף
㵹ǻ˵ǰɣŪúġ
ȥ밲˲һȥ
¸ϣߵҲ죬˽żӡ
޻ȥһ·޻쵽˰ʣֳϻǣ
ô֪һˬҲûƳ
ƿҲû˵صûȥ˵
ôˣ˵ֱֱСӣȻҪ
Сҡͷҽ岻̫ҽҽˣӲûʲôŹ￴ҽ԰ұˡ
˸ҽô岻ˬ˭˵Сˡ
СҲһΣǱˮˣʼٸߣǡ
ģﲻʲôֲġС˱Ҳ˳ۣǹˣ׾˾ˣûûСġ
˵ʵүһҪȥԺС˲֪ﲻɷ֪ҲþΡ
ⲡ˵Щޣ֪ɷһ˵СһΪѡ
Ʋ˵롣
á
С˸Űƽȥһĵط£ưַŵС˵ϣɨ衣
˴ûˣҲͲˣϣȥ
ƿСˣδ˵ƾ֪Ϊʲôʱ˵ĻȻҲ֡
ֻǴ򡭡
û˵С˼˵ʺ˲ԣϾǻϵŮˡ
ڻϵǰԻʺ󣬻ϲδ׷ⱾѾǻϵò
Ҫʺأ⡭
ˣҪȰүȥͻϵǸƲôӣһ⡣
Ҫջȥȴסûſ
֣ʲô
ǿǸǵǸʹȰһ
ʵ˵˰ɣ˵¡
ɿ֣Ҳ棬ȻҶ𣬵ˣҲ档
үүĵ
Բӣڱ˿ܹתֻ㡣
Ҳ˼Ȼ˵ˣΪңҲֻΪʲôҲأ˲ô
ôôִϾǻϣôͬ棬ʺѾĽѾǽǲ⣬ִҪʺųն
֪ųնǴĺ
ʺĽˣƲ֪¡
ҪȰǰر
һͷʣ˿Կôѯʡ
ûˣһ˼ľҪǿ󣬻
վȻѾ˵ףҲѾӦ˰æǱ˱Ȼȥˡ
С˵Ҫߣ˵ˣߣⲡҪġ
СתЩã˵
ǲҹÿղҺˮˮȶ˱ϸףΪأСɫ㻹ʱһЩѣ

һ£ô֪
ҽҲӦøС˿֪˸ĸҽô˵ģ
£˵ʯͷ
ҽǸ˲õطܿЩģˡ֣ʾһָֻơ
֪Ĵ򿴽ʯĲ࣬ܿĶɫΪʲôûΣд֤
ɨ裬нʯҲãͲãˣĽʯĿ飬Ҫʯף๦ƺǲôãǺܲ
ɿ֣ʼ಻ã
һ£˭˵ģ
϶үүҲ֪ɡֻǲ²⣬Ȼ¶һݵĸ
ⲡֻ֪˵ҲȷǲʲôʱоĿʹѣҽרҿġ
ҲΪʲôһһô֪Ҹ˵£ǵ̫󶼲֪
ھǵε̽˾ܹ̽ܣ˵ܹҪȥģ漰ڶ࣬Ԥʾ׳£û书ɣ
Сϰ䣬׸˵裬²Ŷȥ
̫󲻷ƹ̽˾
ʱֻףԼ֪
ҽҲ֪Ĳʵ׺ҲȷҪ˵һֱΪ֢Ҳǻɡ
ҽ˵ҼΪŻ벻ǣҲڲ֪
(δ)

İʮ н

СԵȣȥ˵һ
ȥſڣżԸȥһЩ岻⣺Ĳˣ
˻ãֻĲβãβû˵Ǹ˵ȥǣһ棬Ҫȥ
ƽҲһͰ˵¡
ܱǳȥˣһô죬ôС
ƽˣƽš
ӡƽæȥ񣬰ưڰʾⲻ
Ҫȥôȥ˿ӡ
һ˵ȥǼɸˡһϲ˵ŮûãȥżңؼҵĻˣӶڿһȺ̫Ľȥ
Ƕഩ㡣ƾý㲻Щͬ
ӹȱãŻҪȥ߲С
Ӧˣͺˡ
ӡƽԥһ£û˵
˵ͨǲãȥĻкôǿžͱĺӽ
У㿴ݶЩ񣬶ǵģҪǿҲߣǳȥˡ
˵еƽˡƽɣ֪˵ˣϴ
ֻЦ£ûʲôȻϴȥˣǼҲȥɣǱ
Ʊһһȥ󱦱Ƿŷ硣
һţĸˣƱС壬⺢ֻΧȴеֵĵ͵ˡ
¿һΧ˵ܲǼܺͨ
СŤͷƣĺ̽ʲô
ƵͷһС壺Ϊʲôôɰأ
Сգһ۾Ťͷݶһֻ񣬷С忴ȴû
ƿļӣҲڿЩ
ƴʱʶЩ棬ʵֻһԺͨģҲңΪڶ࣬ҲֲһǵӣԶţһһڹ۲졣
ǸҲãڣҾ֪ǰȫƵطǲϲġ
ֻǣΣϲҲҪѧϲ
ǵҪײ
ʵƣ
뵽˵Ļ̲סЦ
żһᣬתȥ
¶ӰƲ뿪ƽͣӣѾˣƽһӡ
ʣϴչǣ
ӣϲӣүΣգΣգҲаǣСӵǲһӲڣҾչˣƽԸСǡ
ͣ£ƽ֪ΪʲôûչǼô
ƽҡͷƽ֪
˱ᱣΪαӣ㲻һҪһķʲô飬ܿ᲻ϧһбǣ¼㡣
ܴӦңǳˣҵǿԴӦյ󡣡
ƽӦӣ򲻵ѣȡ
Ǿͺã°ɣ㻹ҪģҪǾæѵѺ֣⣬Ͱ㡣
ӵƽæùѵˣӷġ
ǷĵģˣȥɣòϴǣסԺˣһү˵ͺҲܡ
ǡ
ת뿪ȻƽΪʲôôƽܸܵġ
ŻصǰԺȥС
ſڵŰƣ˼ҩƽŰ˽ȥҩŵϡ
ʱһȲ裬ƽţ²վѯʰƣôŻ
ȥһ۵ͺǣˣС˵ˡƿһ۹ȵĲ裬ֱ˹ȥ
ʱͲҪˣ˲ͬԼʯˮҪģȲ費ãŨ͸ˣʱҪȣʲôʱûˣһ㡣
ҩ䡣
ƷԸϰҩƴ򿪰ҩ˵С½⿪
һ죬̧ͷ壺֣ȻҪ·
㵱ԸⰡѹң˰ɣҲѹ⣡岻ͷȥ£ȰȹڳŪŪ
죬ɷ£Ž⿪·
˽飬н񱣬⿪·ʱҲһ
ֻվһͷŽ⿪ŵһߡ
ֱӿۣһŰ߷ɳȥôˣƸͲڸʲô
Ѹ·ѣ͸ǹ¾Ͱ·ȥˡ
Ǹô
ˣΣָ˰ƣһڣɣ
סôҪıƺһ
ű𶯡˵Űͷŵؿڣר
һ𾪣ŵӲǲҶһ£ӲĺľͷһŰƵſ
(δ)

İʮ 

һᣬʼؿƶʼǱߣר־ĺȲ裬ҧǷڸʲô
ƿ֪Ϊʲôô죬Ƶġ
ȥ˱īһҩһ߿ҩһ˵ʯҿûʲôѸεģҽ֤Ѵ󲿷ֵĽʯΪ֣ʪעͣѪͣƢͣҪݲͬҩ
ķӣҪô£ֻҪܿͿˡ
ⶼڴĴͳҩҽܻ֪
ߣкߣ𣬰ҿҩļһȰҩˮȣգһҩ裬ͲúֿĶˣһΣաͲôܡ
ưҩȥһۣʣЧ
㸮ĸҽҲ֪ʲôͷ˵ûдκá
˵ܿǽʯȴΣҲˣʱҵҪȥˡ
˵վүȻȥˣһСȳȥȥ
Сˣȥ֮˵ĳԣͻû¡
պҸĲҩȻû취κ㣬ҿ㲻ƣۣ
˵갲ƾˣһãȻĿһķǸʲôŮˣ
߰ɣ뿪
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻʮᡣ
͵ſڹ忴ҩȻƻ㸮ĸҽĿģ㻹Ƕ˼ĺãвΪβңҽ㻹㲻ɣ
ҩֿһ۽棬˵ȰȥģǻΥû뵽ûȰȥȻǿҵĲˡ
Ȼв͸úúΣ˭㣿
˵ת˽ŹȥıӰôĻˣ
ת˹˸
ʰһ£ȥԺʮֲģŰƳţҲԹ
ôСĺӣ߶಻ʣ
ƺЦȥ˳ͲˣҪǲľ͸һȥ
ȥһ뵽Ҫͼ̷ֿȥ㣬ŰƳš
ĸûˣҩҲԵĲˣҲͻˡ
֪вʱ򳤹Щ𾪣Ҳ׹ˣ֢飬ǵɸͨĲˣûʲôѹ
ƼԺ￴ҶԺа˿ðеŹֱ֣ĲһȥϵĴ
ÿ࿴ۣһʼǾִ֣ϵԺֺܹ֡
ڿЩϵҶӡ
ƽųŰǱ߿ȥ΢΢üƷһ˱һӣƽѾͷͰҲţôһˣüͷ塣
Ӷѣʲô˲ģһȺˡϿ̱Ʈȥ廳ĺˡ
ߵǰȥڹʺ޵̫Цôùÿϲף
ɲţôСĺӶʲô
ƶɣźӿûͦõģ£µĺһװ۵ģֺÿһ˫Ĵ۾
Цˣ̱
˵˹ȥϴЦˣ۾ЦĿˮˣһ㶣Ц
˵ô⣬ģִŶӡ
ЦźţƱСߵߣЦһ
ɫһʲô
ƵͷӻûЦ
ˣûĿŶӣЦԺͲˣ磡
Ϊ´λﱧţСųЦ
סôܣ
Ҳĵ⣺ʲôܣùòţȥ֪ˡ
תһ飬۰ƣİһۣãε飬һξ͸ˣ
ðɣϣ´Ʊźȥ棬һڲŰѻ˻ȥ
ȴ˸к
ͷȥɡ
ţת˽ȥ
ӷ£Ժ˲ˣΪ˿ģⲻҲҪ
νŰİݼæ˵ˣĺӸΣòãҪϲˣ͸׼ңҪŮ׸
һѿĸһ
ùã͹ˣҹĶӾ׸
ȥǱǵ׸ˣ
һʱȴԸˡ
ߣ
һתߣƽ߰ɣ
ƽӸ˸תߡ
Ȼ˺󣬱λģžߡ
һӶˣתߡ
ŷ֣ˣ
(δ)

İʮ ΪŮ

ˣ뿪İæȰ⣺
ҲΪ˾ˣ˵ˣҵǿŻ˭Ƶĵ
һ꣬Űƿȥ
̾Ϣǿˣù˶ϱҾͲ˳ˡ
ùã˵㿴˵ò˵Ӣģڿ˵òҲ˼УǾټƷѣ˼ԨҲǼõŹ㡣
ǲùΪҪѡ
ǰЩβҾͲˣ¡
ӶãöƢ
Ҽ޸ү֮ǰϲүɱңǾһн죬񿴣ùҪ޵Ůҵ·ˡ
νùɡ
Űˡ
żˣ»żأһûġ
ôżż˶ȥˣôõĻˣŰ취ôҲҪҪһС
Σֻȥκִˡ
κִҲæûüȥֳ¡
Ƶ˵κִˡ
Ѻӻţ͸ĸСһ˭
һ˵κִˣƿڴǹ
ŲţҲ£ƿˣΪҪѶ׸飬Ѿͬˣ׼һǿ׳ˡ
ֻȥκִΡ

˷衣
ȿڣҺִǸģճҪðԼãشǸ밲ԼҪ黳
²ص棬ҲֻһʱģܿͻȥǾȻΪ˴˵Ǹⲻȥ
׸ȷʵףмҺִ뷨ġ
οδ˵κִڵ֪ǿɷ飬ŮպСӽأ
Ʋ죺Ϊʲôأ
ŮڴҪӸĸ֮ˡ޵ģҲһǻָ顣
Һִ֪гڣϲΪǣҪǳгһղˣ˵ˡ
ƿκȻãҲǸ֮ˡ
׾ͲٸָˣҲܰԵĲɢ˼ҵĻԼҽԼ
ƿκִǷģǡ
ʵ뵽ģζϲʼұ뵽ЩκִȻʲôңҲֻˣ֮źףҾãԼƷҲ᲻
ӳϲ£ǿ̶ԼϲԷǱԴٳŻ¡
ǳ֮ǰǰȫġ
ֻһ˵ӳ໥ϲߵһϣӲҪ檣ͨѾͷҲС
Ƶܼͬһأеˣûҽţſתˣææȥ˺ԺȥҰȥˡ
ܼҿⲻ۸ô
һˣҪȥǰңճſڣͻˡ
ôʹ壬¿ס
²룺һȢһ㹻ˣʡĺԺĶǣҲ׼ôķӣСúܺã
ȹЩӣӰʱСѸȥҹĺӣŮպֻһһƣӱ㲻öˣȢϱһ㹻ˣŮǷҲһһƣǱ㲻ҪȢˡ
˵깬һ֣˵ˣ
ǵǣֻǾãһ̥ѾԪҪСãСҪһŮöãСҲͲĽŮˡ
Ҳζ֪ɣһŮպ˵ҲҪԵ֡
£Ůһλôãˣȥӡ
Сȥ
ȥɡ
嵽ǰſվһᣬŽаȥˡ
Źȥ£κִκִѺӵ˵һ飬ҲûʰƣֱӴӦˡ
ȻѾ飬Ҳô̵Ҫ±Ӧˡ
˵պĳ˷ޣ㲻檣ͨûбҲӦˡ
ôκִ棬ϾŮĻ£Ҳ档
ǰֵĿ۹壬ĥʲôˡ
˵ʳԡ
˱֤ͬ˱κִȻЩ¹壬վߵǰ
Կ־ݣ
Ʋ죬־ݣ
Ů־ݣ
̧ƣΪˡ
ãκִ¹巴ڣȹֶȥžκִ˵ҽΪŮ׼ңһŮҶϱˣǸӣҵֵܡ
ǸŮӽɷޣպӲ檣ͨѾͷΥģա
ֻоžһ
ҲˣΥģա
κִÿժһ壺ҺζĶ°ɡ
忴ƣ룬ȡ͵
(δ)

İʮ ż

κִ廹⣺ô飿
ǻ͵ģһһ飬ֻлѪеģҲ֪ǸȻŮҸޣʱģѡһ͵ǸѡպҲи֤
κִһΣ˵ζ
εͷ忴ȥѡһ顣
飡ƿ⡣
ϴ󣡡
ƿһ۹壬û˵ʲôΡ
κִˡ
뿪ıӰ˵¸ĸģ˭ϣԼŮиùޣҲһ
κִүΪŮиùޣӲͷƤףүŮô
òñҲ֪˼ŮĽֻǡһԥƾ֪ʲô
үϲҲֻһǶأⲻǲܣŵġ
һˣôöǶӣܡ
˵һ빬ʣô
ҡͷ֪ҽѧ˵һܳΨ಻
ﱾ⣬˭˵׼
ʲô⣿岻⣬Ͳ⡣
һץסƵ֣Ŀ˳
ƿ˭ĺܺͨ˭εʱȥһ磬ү㲻ôǸ
Ƶ뿪ǰȥסƣ£ҰҲˣҪûأ
̾ϢҲǸʧܵƷϵͳǸҵҲ˵׼һҳ£ô죿
ҧҧģбڣͲĸ¡
үЩ£û취ġ
ûа취ҪӦ뿪ҪߡͰѱߣȻײ
ˡûһ۹壺õүҪײ
ײôˣȲѣ˭ñȢһѱµˡ
ҵıӶˣȴô뿪취һͷײѲɻҪм㣿סƵסڵĶ԰˵Ѱ˵һãͺʲô͵˵飬˵İƲˡ
ҴӦүߡ
ŰƵ֣ǰ
ϵŭĿ᣺ƣ֪ȥϾļңҪȥҲƽҲ
֪үһͷײ
Ŀ˳ǾͲҪ뿪飬ʣ˱˭ã
Ƶͬǣ
´һᣬһ˺Ժ
ӶϢˣƲʺ顣
Ų裬һ۰ƣվû˵ʲôƿû˵ʣʺĽү֪
֪Σ忪˿ڣǲƻᡣ
ΣֻǾܲôȥʺϾǻϵŮˣĴҪûʺ
һҲڵһᣬ˵ˣǾҪˡ
׵±ѾĲ࣬м˺ܾܿ׵죬ֻ벻̽ķ
ûͻȻʵ
֣Ϊʲô
ܾþйķǷս˵˫ȫιܰֵһ㣬Ϳʼ£û֮ǰǻû֡
һ㣬ֵ̫ĲǻϲүǶ
Ƶ˼ǣ
үѵ㲻ãͶ֮һô

üͷ˶ƻ׵죿
ү˵ǸߵҼʶ֮ʶ˲࣬ǡǡһԭͼпǡ
ˣϢɡ
ȥϢʺһ߸һѯʣʺ飬㵽ôģ
ûô룬ǲŹ֮ǰ͸뵽³̫ã
үһⲻӦã˴ˡ
ҪǱأ
Ǿүġ
ȰҲȰˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣˣ
·ϡţƻҪԵ㶫ųš
һſڣ
һӰڣμӡ
˵ˣ
ˣȥ顣
š
Ӱһ뿪¡
˿̣Ƹոȥ׼Էξˡ
ƿ˽ţ
ԸС
㡣δȵ˳嵽Ƶǰһ档
Ʋô£
Ȼ㡭ǽװɣ
ƿûסֱ䵽ϣûȥŵ죺ҿ沣׽Ҫµģ
£ʲô£һ⡣
ƺһ꣬Ϊʵż
(δ)

İʮ ʵ

˵һѻƷûվ
㣬㵹˵˵ȵĽ
ƿһۣԭȿܾôԴӺͶһͱɵˣ沣ֵܣǵĺǽףףӺܿģǴҪҡ
Ų˵ˣʣððʧʧңΪӵ飬㲻ˣȻҸŵԵ˸һϣ㲻鵱ɶϷһʲôԭŻô
˲˵ƾ͸ȷ뷨
ʲôô
˿۰ƣҽȥǱߡ
ᣬֻ˵岻˵£´򻵣͵͵ȥһۡ
Ҫȥģ
ҡͷǵǣиĸҽ˺б£˿ٲ
ǱˣȥʱѪˣұˣǸҽ˵ûʲô£ȻΰѪˣҲһ¡
ô£Ǹҽ˵ԭȾͱ˴ѪԭҪѪҽûаղûôαˣðѪ˳øˡ
ҵʱϲǲΰ룬ϾǶִ˼ҡ
ⶼǴҪģǸҽе֣ôˣҽ˵ɫã֪ǲﲻ
ҵȻǷˣҽȴƶҲЩˡ
ͱŪˣͬǸҽĻҿҰָҿˣ˵һ˲еĲҶһЩû¡
ǵ˵пһ֧ͳ죬Ȼǡ
ҽҪ°ƣұܾ˹
ҲţҪĸҽҿˣҽ˱һģҲŵ
˵Ų˵ˣֱӰȥס˵ɨ衣
㣬Ȣҡ
Ȼ⡣
ƿ˰ɿˡ
ȥһˣ
ǡ
תˣ֪Ⲣδ
ܼңȥү˯ˣͻȥ
ܼæȥ˰ƵԺӡ
ܼȥŮԺ棬Ϊǳʲô飬˹ȥ
·ȥ⣬ˣȥ᷿
Ϊʱ򷽱˵Ժӵ᷿ճרдˣ֪£ó˺ϢֱǱߡ
ţƽҲ˽ȥһտӡ
ƺܿص᷿Ǳߣĵţֱӽš
ʱ̧ͷƣơ
ү
ÿµʱˣаۣƽʱͬͬǻһˡ
ݰ˻оηġ

ؿҽˡ˵ţſѾˣĽŲһ¾̧ͷſڣŶߣţѯʡ
үˡ
ɡ
Ź£ƿŶһ£ţ˿࣬ͷļźΣʲôͬ
˿ЩǣҲֻǿһ۶ǶŰ˵˹ȥ
סֶŵĶ亹ֻ֪
̧˳ŶĿȥ̲סӸ˲ͷĺ顣
ûˣָֻˡ
˵
ȥ¡
£ư龭˵һ飬˵ָǯƵ˿ûõ飬ֻǹȥʲôӡ
»ȥȻ˵壺ô
ƻɾȴ޿֤
˵󡣡һƣû˾ȡ
ƿ۶Ǳߣɴ˿ľǶ
вԽԽõүȻá
Ҳô룬и⣬ʼżˡǺЦһҲЦ
ɱƻ˶˼С
үģҲᱳ㣡æס֡
û㵹룬ɲ㣡
Ȼ˵ʲôߣŹҴע⣬˵ɣҪôȫϣҪ˻ҪǮ
죬
ƵǾãʵĶǸƢûеĶ汾ԣ
»Ҫ˵壬ûвУҼѻҩɷ֣ⶫǻеģ˵ỳУ
ɫѿס˵֣ĶĲǡ
Ҳ𾪣ŶӢү
һ
(δ)

İʮһ κҩ

Щޣ뵽ÿϹڿĸ£˵һӣίΪԼίΪ˹ί
ôŬԭ׷ˡ
ƿˣ˲ᣬƣ˵
ѻĳɷ־ǱУҪȽѻɹĥɷĩûƾͷУҪʼÿһΣ졣
ҵ˼ô
ɫ쳣ѿ˵ҩܶϣ¶ҪԣЩ˾ͿǴʲôʱʼ˶õģ˶Сʱ˶͸˷ˡ
ⲻܣСʱڽȻÿաƳˡ
ô˵Ҳпܰˡƾûлġ
ҡͷڽӦԺʱ飬ʱ˶ͱûһ
˶
˼Ҫҩãȷʵɡ
ߵǰ¸ɨ裬ҩŨ˵Ϳʼҩˡ
ɿתߣ̧㣬ڣǿ㻹ԣ
ûһ۶뿴Ͳ
һ±죬Ϊ˵ĲҲǰƣ̫õҩӰ˵ӡ
ɿ֣뵽ģֻһˡ
˭
һ棬͹ȴû
˿˿ˣȻסκ֣
ƺ͹嶼û˵ɫ䡣
˵СʱֺͶźңǲӺҵģжʱ䱻үߣҺͶӴκһֱҡ
ҵʳκչˣҳʲôҶԡ
ƾأѻǱУûлƾͷҲСʡ
ƾҲǵãָҺȹůˮ˵ҪҪһůǻɫģнƬ棬ʲô˵ǽҶȹ˵Ҫÿ¶ȣ˵ĸر𽻴ģҲûʡ
ǾͶˣƾɫǻɫģƬˮֲǾƣ϶ʣΪʲôоκֿ϶˵ůЩůľˮҽķκֻ˵֪ô塣
ô˵ġˡ
תκֿǱв˰ɣҪУܾ̫ͻϣϣܱסκֵ˵Ļָʹã˵ˡ
¾κǻ̫ߵˣԵ޹ʺˣǾͿ϶Ϊʲô
֪׵ˣҽҲܴ󡣡
ҪҲɡ
κֵҿһҲôݾߡƳ
˶أģ
ֻҪ²ˣͻָӵ飬շҲһʱֻˣҪκˣñݺ
ҿֻһĿģǷֿͶǲ罫ƾͼƣ˶Ϊóˣźá
ܣͬ⡣
ƳĬˣȻͬ⣬Ǿûʲô˵ˡ
үҪȫ֡˵ǾÿС
ҪһڼҲû취ˡ
¾Ҫ飬ץ飬ֻǶ£Ҳһ졣
ôĿģֻΪҪֿͶϾˣܾǶġ
Ƕ֮ޣ㵽˻ǰҲе˵
ֱӴ
ʲô¿ţ˹ĺһڣҲ£Ʒ
磬Ҫκֹ˵ӲãҪź򡣡
һᣬվ߰ɡ
Ҫţסʲô˵κִҪʡ
֪ˡȻ
ƳƣһδƽһƳ黹ûֳ꣬ˡ
ײް֮ˡ
ƣȥһˡȥſڣתȥ
үǽ
ת֪
֪үСģ
һЦת뿪ˡ
ȥϢ嵽ҹŻһǺŲһӣȥϴһѣֱ굽ƵĻ˫§סưȥΪҪϢˣؿڵ·ֱˡ
ô˻Ҫã
Ҫ˵˳㽻ϣ
ЦƽŰӳָ壬ڹַһյƣǺǿ㹻尲ϵÿ缡ˡ
Դ˰֡
ƣʲôӣһĥһѯʣƴʱһжȹǿ۾Ѿгһ϶
ѣƳȻɲöǱ³ѣ̫ˡ
ԽԽء
ҡҡͷأһģ
һȣȻѣϼ˼Ѫһˣŵܡ
Ҫ
Ҫˡ
ƫҪ
㡭Ʋ˵Ѿס
(δ)

İʮ ̽κ

һҹעǸƽҹƼեɣҡͷܡ
̫ۣû
ƽŵʱѾˣ棬ƽ˯ˡ
ƽϸĵİѺӱǱߣԸ˺տǻȥŴһЩĿͨɢһЩϢ
˯Ѿˣȥۺӣԡ£ȥ᷿ţƽʰ棬ȥӡ
ƽʱǡ˸պòƽͣ£˸˺ã
תƽ̧ͷҿ
ƽ̧ͷֵˡ
ƽʡ
ǡ
ȥɡ
תȥ᷿ǱߣϾˣֻһֱûҲûš
֪ͨŹһֱȥ᷿
վ᷿ſڣע뿪ƽˡ
ô
ڡ
ƿţֱӽš
ˡӭ
ſŰɡ漴ȥ£岻⣬Ǹ˵Ǻæ̽˾ܹܣ֪Ҳ
ƿһſڣ衣
Ȼ䣬岻ڣδ˿ʵôûе
ԿηطһĭӶܰ
£ȥưסɨ裬
̧ͷŰƽĬȻ⡣
ôԾôôĬ
Щˣɿѯʡ
ջ֣ѾöˣûôҲܣı仯Եģûиס
ȥҩպһҩ׼ʯΪҾͲ˵ˣҪˮ߶кôʯҲһЩ
ҵĿִС̶ȵĽʯҲû취ʯֻҪƽģ˵ͻû£ʯĹҲһۣСкɫЩ
ԣҵĸҽҴˣҿһ£ǰ
ǾԲһͼıߵģҪ֤ƻ١
Ҳµˣո˵¡
ˣмܻ֪ƾͰѶҲǴˡ
ȻвȻ̫ˣڱ˵߰һҲûʲôˡ
Ȼˣÿôʡ
ҡͷÿˣȻȥˣת˻᳹¡
͹ˡ
ͷһ۰ƣš
Сƺƽģʱˣסƽһᡣ״
ƺЦΪϲƽˣûܶ˼ҿ
ŲǣҪ˵ˣûκηǷ֮롣
ƲԸƽտӣŰͺ͹ܼڼලԺ飬˰һЩ˵˼仰Ȼȥˡ
صѾ磬վſߴκ֡
߽κæ
Ҳˣƴкκָ˸ӡ
㣬ҡ˼װҪ˵ʲôƽȥ˵
ǰ£ôˣһѹȥүȥȥиҽҿ˿˵ʲôӵĲұţصȥҪҽҿˣȻǡ
㣬ĸһֱ뱧ӣƫƫҵҪҡ
ҿɡֹȥ˿˲˵˼䣬ҩˣ˵κֵ顣
˶ֲܲܰκ֣Ҽãƽһչ˲æΣҾͰκֻ㣬Σ
Ϊѣκĸˣչүȥģο˵Ҳ㡣
˵Ǿˣ
Ҳ޷ū澻ȥ̫˵ӦҲѣԺùչɡκִ˵
æЦ£ͷˣҹЩӻЩˣͲͷˡ
£ڻȥʾ̫˵κָ˸ˡ
Ƶ˿ɫɵˣҲȷˡ
㣬κȷʵ⣬ո˵Ҫ߰æ㿴ôûңӦ˴£ּææĽȥĸ˵£Ǳͼı
İɣѾźˣֻҪκȥǸˣץĵ
š
κֳȽ˻ʹ˻ִ̫ӹˡ
ʲôطûȥֱ
κֽǰСѻѾ֣ô£
ʣ㣬ˣ
κʲôطûȥعʹˡƿˡ
ǾˣҲˡ
(δ)

İʮ κֱԩ

˻ظִ˻ȥκڰߡ
סڶ᷿ɣǱǺסĵطȰκֵסˡ
κǸŰƣǹĹǷǰͷģʲô¶Ҫ񣬰Ʋ˵ﲻؾнڴصĻҲȥᣬֻʹ˼ɡ
ƽȻ棬ƽȥơ
ƿСѻͶβһȥſڣһֱվڴϷڣһֻſſڶڵϡ
˵Һ͵ҪţҲҳţºԺ̽һ¡
УСӡ
ƽзִ磬һүһȥүӻҪҪ
ǣƽҶԣӦ˱ȳˡ
ϹȻûϢһ˳ˣκչ˼ӣȻҪµġ
Ƹ߽ǰԺͳ£Ե޹һѻ
һ˵ŻϷºӽκ־ȥһߣԺͳˣֱε˵ϡ
κֿȻڵϽӡ
˲ʮˣһ˷档
κһӣת˳ţæŰѺӻ˻
˿һ۴ϣѾˣֻκֻһˡ
Ѻӽŵκֺˡ
ʲôˣףˣκֽסĺӣԷһκ֣ӵȥ
κΪ˱תŶԷԷһȥκֲҽһǰ˹ȥȴסӡ
źȻƣһȺѻţ˲ڵʮ˻˸ɾʣµļѵ䵽ϡ
κּѵ뿪һ£Żĺӣæſȥѻ
䱾ѻȺɽţŵκˡ
κֲ˵ҪԾͳң⺢̫СóԣǴˣܶ
ƽŵʱ򣬾κ˵
æ˹ȥκ֡
κæ˵ߣѻˣ
ЩŪˣ
Ƽæκ֣ƽӱߡ
ƽæǰѺӱߣƷκȥ£󱳵˿ڣ˿ںж
׼ܸҽ
ǡ
תȥţƷκȥĵط
κſʹƣū澺̫˵ū澲ˣԺźˣҪౣء
㲻£һƸκִκֺܿ˯ˡ
ȸκֽⶾʼϡ
갲ƴȥͰҲˡ
ү
ȥ壬˵Ѿ֪ͨ˶ͶǺܿͻ
үȻκ֣ǵһľͺˣöȥڴһ٣ҪҿֱӴˣʡ
һݣƾǲţԩġ
תţȥ
û˿ţƸоʲô˴ӷˡ
κѾˣκֵǰţκ۾ΪѾˣ˿۲֣˻ۣ
֣ûһڰκһκֿȥһ㶡
κֲŻ񣺡Ȼҽôصˣܻš
κֵ˻ãû˵ͷ
Ϊʲô˵ۣ
жˣҺɢˣҲûϵѾˣֻҪһʱ䡣
Ŷκ˼
֣мҪ㡣
ǲǻǶˣκѾ뵽ˡ
Ƶͷ龭˵һ顣
κʣҵ˶ˣ
ǣҲʶ
׵ˣκ
Ƶͷǡ
κ˰죺˵ЩůǱ
ǡҩﱻб
κԥһҩҩҽģһֱ̫ҽġ
ȷ
ȷΪ̫ģӵӰӣҽ˵ӵҩƾͷ
ҽǹĴҽԭл̫ҽԺԺеģҽȥ
ҽһֱľġκֲôẦˣôģ
Ⱥúˣһ̫鲻زġ
Щ̫¡˼κҲˣ
ƵͷŹ
ȥ֪ͨˡ
ƽֱ־̫ҽԺΧץҽ
ڣ̫֪һкݵҧݣҽһŰ߷ڵأڵ̨ͭ˹ȥֱҽͷѪѪ
(δ)

İʮ ׻ǳ

ҽֱ£̫ŭʣ˵˭ôģ
˱ŵòᣬǰҲһǰû̫һҽˡ
Ҳ⣬̫Ƕ뱧ӣģȴ£϶Ҫģⶼģɣ嶼пܵġ
Ȼ̫ɫȻһˣȥҽĸϣȸһѻˣ
̫ݵˣС̫ȥſڣյſھͱŵĶ˵סˡ
ȵȡס˽š
ĸߵ̫ǰк̫Խˣһۡ
˶ĸúÿ
ʱúõģһ̫˵æ˹ȥۺ
̫˵֣ίˣĸãúõķҪŪʲôůȳˣĸãĸˡ
Щ⣬û뵽̫һ档
ĸĸĴĸǺ⣬Ҳһֱû֡˵ͷǷĺӡ
ƵǾãԸ񣬲Ѻദ
ϵҽʣܳ㣬ǲ
̧ܳͷһ۶һ۵Įĸûп־壬Ѿ׹ܳҲ˵
͸ĸٹ̣ͱݱ޿ɾҩˡ
ǻҲ
㴦ɣĸҺ˶չˣ߰ɡ˾ķҲ֡
Ҫҵ
Ƴ׷ˣԼǶ˸С
漴Ըˣܳıõ죬̳ңܳ񼫣֤ȷ䣬ٽ̡
ǡܳһ㶣Ȼ̧ͷ塣
壬㶼˭
ȻʣȻ֪˭ʮжܼҵ׸Ůܼˣףʱĸ뿪֪ȥ
ʮʱȢܼҵŮӴ˳Ϊ̫ҽԺҽһֱ񡣡
㡭
ܳҪ˵ð׷˼ˣκλᣬ㡭ϧԶᱻ׳ݣǡ޷ѡ
㣬׵챾Ѿ鵽Ҳ֪ɡ
ڱ֮ǰѾˣǵһһѾӡ
ˣǺܿͻ͡
ҽɫ԰ףߡ
ŸŹ뿪
˳ƾͿ˲֡
ڹУסƵ֣͸̫أҪǲףռûмұߵģõľǼľ
ףүģڼҵү
š
Ѱͻؽҹץ
ץλ˶ûᡣ
һҹδ飬ҲһҹδߣƽһֱŰƣҹ¡
ƾ˵ˣٽֶͷ̨Ѳ׸ˡ
ȻݣȥҪˣץһһ˵ǿ˶ʮˣڰ׿Ĳˡ
Ƴŵʱ򣬽ϼ˶ǿһƣ˵Ҳϰˡ
ߵͷ̨ȥǰ滹ûһЩʬ壬Դ͸Ƥһһء
ĿѪɺӡ
ǰߵ˹ߣʣܻؼô
巢ţվ
ưϵӽϣ˿ɱħֻɷ
ɱ¾ֻΪҸȥδ֪֪͹ˣ
ôŹֻȥ忴һֻۣ˵һ䡣
ǶǱֵܡ
ţҲǷ
忴ȥԭģˡ
˽УһȻͣŤͷ壺үû˽ٷô
ûС
үô
ɫһɿֳŶͷ̨ȥ˶ͷ̨ϣʼѰңΪԴֿѪģֲ˭˭ңҲҡ
Ѫ棬һһʣʲôɫ·
ɫҲҡ
ܿ찲ߵһʬߣ¿ԴĲӣӵ⡣
ү£㿴ĲӣǲǺܸɺֲܴڣ
£ǡ
ȥң巢ͷ˹ȥ½ͷú÷£ͷĶһ㱡Ĥ˼£Ĥˣ˺ǰȻһʶİˣʮңұ۾İꡣ
ү
ƹ̽ݡȻĿ䡣
ǡѸȥ
̧ͷ壬׻ǳˣ
(δ)

İʮ 

ƸŹ;ЩԣſûҲûˣ־ųǽš
Щģү
֪߰ɡ˿ʲô˵ȥסƵȥ档
ھȻ򣬷·ʲô鶼ûͬǹŮ̫࿴ûǰ
ϸ۲첻ѷ֣ЩŮ̫඼ԭˣҲ֡
ĵ⣬ֱߣС̫ūŻûͨ
ˡŰȥ̨ϣĵſڣһƿĵš
һŷ䵽Űϣ졣
ǿһߵĹ壬ȻĮ֪߹䣬
̴ˣͲ׷
תƿ棬ĵһеĵطĵȥպ䵽ϣպܿˡ
Ѫɫˣһϳ֮ǰּ졣
ʱ飬ͷ顣
üĸ飬ĸ߼
ţߵڶ鼸ǰʮֻ䵽¡
ƿȥûбŻʮ𾪣涼ʯשȻĽȥɼ˹˵á
һϸĿš
þòϲЩǱǹؽģޱȣ䴩˵岻úܶϲ
һЦûиı䣬Ҳ㲻ժҲ֪˾uͣ
ˣĺⱾˣ;ͲˣүǰЩ˱һ/ȱȣҲ۽磡
˵Ŵϰǹ˳Ψһҵ¾ǸĽӵҪȻҪ鷳ˡ
ֵĿŰƣڲıΪʲôԭһĶ
ƿһ۹壺үһᣬھͰˣ
û湻
屳֣עŹuͣʲô£
uӵϣ¶ݣƲ֣Ȼ
վһ߰һ̨ס
ϡĻλֻǲģʧȥжǻүүƫģλʲ
ʲޣǴѡ
ƹֻôǿ󣬻үүһƫ̻վ˸
֮Һҵײ̤빬Ų̤볯ã׶Ī衣
ʮһֱΪλ׼ûҪƷϣĸ߻ε顣
̫˶нУͼɱ²ף³ĸ֡
uߵǰĿ䣬ƽʱˡ
ƴʱŷ֣u͵Ŀ͹嵹мƣҲ˵Щ
үүլʺŹǰʳӣĽʱҲ˵ٷ䣬ƹ˰ø֮˵
һүү󣬰ʼҹ͢ĸز˶٣
լʺ񣬲Ľɱʱ棿
Ǵηƹ䣬ˣ̫ӲУĸЩ£һʼʣµĻʴֻˡ
ˣҲûнϾɱ֮飬ɰʱ֮顣
ʿпÿĲҶʿжһβȥһЩ
ĲţǰĻˣǸʵĺݣ
ʵĺ࣬ɻͣ
uͺǺһЦҶôôû
ߣƾʲôǾãСͼֵһʲôүүˣʣµľ͸ֵܷˣǴùСùҲзݡ
ʱһ˶˻ʵ۸ʳӹУһû̫ı仯Ķָ˰ԼùСùǡ
ֻǺʵĶŮʲŽˡ
ҲǸʾãЩˣôǺãҲǰ׷˼
ĸȻԣǽƣȥɱᷢ飿㵱ĸʲô֪ôȴȥu͡
һ̫ɲ֣˵ʲô˼в綼˼
˶Сű˶÷Ϊ˵˶ԭʮҪȥ룬Ϊ˶ˡ
̿ÿͨﵩ飬ΪгһտԴ˶ȴû뵽Ļˡ
ȥ⼸꣬ǿÿ˶ġ
Ӳôùÿ˶Цʲôܰȥ
˶պ󼴱㲻ǽҲҪͶģ˵ġ
ϱôģس֮ŮضҪ̷ϣϲɫʺһˡ
Ͷڣֵõң
(δ)

İʮ ǹܵ

uЦ۵ǷŭǲʣֻΪڴֻǸ裬Ҫƹϵ졣
⻹ǴҪģһͬʣ˺ҲǿȢŮġ
ֻ׵ӡڣעȢ˶
Ŭ֣£Ҫ̧һЩݣгһĳһְٰõϿɣȢ˶
˵ǲܵģƹʱǸı߻һУ㲻ƽҲ˱
ţƫҪԡ
ǰμοƿĲɲ˵µһȴҲеٮٮߡ
ǵһ־ͱˢˣ˵ѣд£Ҫϣ
вʣȰ裬βμӿƿ˵ץ˱κ֪£˱
塭뱾ͬͬԴ
ģҲбġ
Сǻǰӵأξ޵ٽأ
ֻ볯Ϊ٣Ҫ
ʱ֪Ҫӣ˶Ȣ졣
һ·вֻͨİ취
壬һ˱أ
˭㣿
³أ
uһЦת䵽ϣԶuת壺뿪˹еˣ˴ĻλɱҪһˣӴ˺Զٲͷ
ҪȻĿ⿴Źu͡
ƺһ꣬ʴ˰ɣ
ţ˽תѾһѽˣ
ǰѽѪܵڵѪ
uͣҪʱˣŽţƲŷֶһѪ·ŷĵԺ˲ٵˣϺźܶʬ塣
ĿûһҲмʮˡ
һЩƬѾϢռ˹УǸЩġ
ƲòȻ𾪣˵ʱѾѸ֮ƶعдȨˡ
Щ˵ɱΣôڵϣȻصû
ϸ˼֣
ĸĸû£ֻûҵ˶ͻǣߣҾƼҾѾ˽Ҫʰ
Ŀ棬ʱд֮磬ǰŲ˹ߣ̧ͷ壺ү
ԵɽҲԣⲻеɽ׽
Ƹ㲻״Ҳû˵
ѽָuͣ˶Ūʲôطȥˣ
ʶˣԭ⾩滹ˣһֱˣ֮лжǱƭˣ
uһѽ˶ѾߣҵĪ˵ղǱĶ֣Ǵ˱ҲҲ˶
ǱͰж˿飬һ⽴ὣȥ
uͺЦ㵱Ϊصֻ㣿ÿ㣬Ǳĵꡣ
˲ת壺үΧˣȻôţҪҵǲС
ߣȳȥ°£һ°Ƶߣոտǹлᣬڶ͹u;һ𣬿ǹװѶˣǹҪЩ취
Χ˶ŻҪʰЩˡ
ƿһΧү
ţ
ƴһС̴ƿ崹ţû˿ҩ
ȥҩƿ˻ӵһߣƿˣɫζȴʼӷ
ȳŲסˣоͷλһ£Ѹٳ˳ȥһѽߡ
չ˶
Ѷ͵ƵѸȥץuͣuЩ˼׼̧ΧѾû˻Ӧ֮ǰ׼õҲӷ
uͺˣǱɣ
һ䵽u͵Ĳϣɵ㣡ֻ
ҩܿûˣֽȥҹ͡
ɱ㣡
ĽȥȵһӰһ䵽˰
תһȥԷһ˹ȥתĿ¶׹⣺
Ӱħ
̧ߵˣ壺ү
Źu͵Ĳӣһѽu˦˹ȥuͣ£Ѹٳְѹuʹߡ
Ӱƿƣת뿪ת뿪ˣͷ塣
忴һ۶ȥ﹬ȥҶ
ȻвʣεڶԷܲܡ
Ž뿪߻صǰӦѾסˣҲֲ̫ڹôˣҲʧˣ¡
ȥһϡ
תȥĵĺ棬ȥ֮ȥǹƸŹ壬һһʣүƺ֪ʲôط
š
һ⣬û˵ʱȴƶ
(δ)

İʮ ջˮ

һ·Ѿƣ󲿷ּ˲ƼҾǰ
ǹȥǹʱǰҾأͰư뿪ǰ
үС㡭
ƿȥڹйأҪ
ǣ
ƿ۹壬ǽйүɣԼˣ
ҾҾүֵ˲٣ŰƵֳŷǹȥ
ǹڶ࣬ǹ޹ȴûжˣȵ˼񣺡үҵһͨ
ڴ˵Ⱥ򣬱ȥ
ͨƾ͸˽ȥתɿȣȥ
үǸ˵κҲ࣬Ҳûжһǻʺ󡣡һ·£öֻлʺ󣬻ʺĶҩûٳԡ
˵uҲӦöˣuߵδϤеĵΡ
ڹҲһΣûеĵΡ
ʺĶոϵĶ˽ӴˣǺ˾Ȼˣ⡣
֪ǹ϶Ҳ֪
֪ǹһܵʲôǲ֪ġ
Ƶ˼࣬Ҫǲǹܵƻǲ˵в¼ɣǲǣ
𴩰ҲûҪǡ
Ц㻹̹ϣ
үǷޣ֮䶼̹ϲʲôֵΣ
ҲǹҪһôãһ²Ƕˣ
ŰƵࣺȻ֪Ǹո·ϲ˵
ʱ򻹲ȫȷȷˡƲĲ¼ɣִˡ
Ҫǵû˼ˡ
һҲû뵽ƵֻÿŰǱ߿ȥһҲˡ
֪ˣֹȥ˳Ƶ˸Ǹ
ˣ
Ƶֱȥ̧һ۹壬֪Ǹ棬ȻҲƭ
ת˵ʱү˼Ц治үǸʲôˡ
ʲôƻⶼƿ͸ˣҪǻ֪Ҳû취ˡ
ʵ޻˵ǷƵġ
ȥûг׸壬͵ˡ
ҪƸŹȥ治˵
ǰܵң涼ʯͷģ͵ƣȥҲס
ƹ۲죬طӦǺ֮ǰģΪʲôƳҵ˵
ʹĵ˵ϵ۾̫Ŷԣ﹬ô֪ģ
ʣƵ뷨
Ƶͷš
طһ磬·Ҫһۣ˼Ҳ̫רעҲ벻ƣ
Ůκʱô侲ͺпޡ
һۣͣطǺСʱͷˣʱ꣬ǹסĸ󣬱ÿնڷǹ棬ҵﲻϡ档
ʺסǹźˡ
طһӡǣһ˽뱾ͻ֪
үƻôС;ͳǸôûһ۹塣
ǲǽƻǲƻĶĶڻʼҵģǹκһˣ˻϶ܶǱ
СʱǺ棬ΪʲôһܵȥȻʣȻҪдõ˻ȻȨ
ͳүĹϽǷǹʺľƿ뵽֪ܵȥȻʵĻ棬Ȼʶ࣬һ׵ĺӿػһܣ˭Ҳȥߣûκȥ£ӱȻɴ
Ҫһӡ
ʲôأ
ƿ壺үкڹ
¹޻ڣӲڣǰƶƾһ¡
ǵүҳ׵ʱ򡭡
ٿͣ£üͷ壺ƺα£
ү˵ģ¹޻ڣƤһЦһ£أ
һĨɺ죺ȥʰ㣡
˵Ҳ°ƣת뿪
ƸŹ忴ˣǱòĲᡣ
ʲô˰ƺԴΪΣαƹܱòɣ
ƸŽȥ˵֪ǹģȰ»ȥȻҪཻЩã㲻£ʱ򻹹/˱˼
ƤջˮүҪСģ
ȻתһûУһײȥ̧ͷʢˣֺ޵ҧҧºջˮ˱ߣ
ݺݵĵһ۰ƣŰתߣݺݵģĿⶼôףŰƵ֣ȴǰ
˼ңȻҪŵһЩ̬úðҲֻˣϲϵȥ
(δ)

İʮ ɱƳ

ƺЦĻͷָͷһ£Щ
˵ţɫһתʱѾǰһֱ֧ؿڣתƵǰס֧һ£һѱסƣһԼٶȵ˶ĵطƻ˵һ仰ⲻѧ
һס֮˵Ĳӣһ
ͷһһ£һɣʬ嵹ڵϡ
ת屧ŰƷ£Ѿˡ
ǰˣס̽ΰ˳ȥ
ʹһҲûѹһصѪ
忴ļǴẉ̂涼ǴѪ⣬ֽסѪģĵطģѪ˳
һ˵û뵽һŮ˶ѣ㵱Ƕģ
ѰƷ£תվڶĹu͡
uתǶ档
uͽȥ忴һ۰Ƹȥ档
мˣ嵽ſͣ£ﻹǸ
uһ̽ϣ˴˵һʱŵĵطԴöһȫ
мӣľ޶ϣƳһһߣѾ˯ϵۿš
ϵһϱ۾ɫ󣬺ȡ
ſuͣƣҪ֡
u֪ƣʱ֪˶
ǱɩǶҴϵĵϱФģ岽ƽӻȥҹuż
ߣ
ᣬߵu͵ǰһ̹ȥһߵĺ˲תƺ͹
Ƶ˿ڻָıκһζ죬Ƶңһ뷨ҪϺãϿ塣
ͺԲǹĶ֣򲻹һܳһߣ㿪һͷɨȥ˿һ۹uͣuһԸ塣
ƴӽңǰĴһѺժ˼׼﹬塣
ƾһ£ţֻСĵĿһƳ
ʼվãuͲѶԸҹu͵ĿȷֻҪˡ
ѶԸȴƳӱץ￪ʼϾûѹһֱڴŻԲѣƳһֱû뿪ϡ
Ƴ߬Żϵ
Ƶõѣֿһ򶷵Ĺ弸ˣȷʱûƿȥƳǰ
ͣ£Ƴ뿪ϵۣŤͷơ
ˣƳվƴһƳе㲻ԡ
Ƴźɫҹ£Ю˴һģһʣЮҵĺˣ
ôƳһ۹uǱߣ¿ƣֶЦһ¡
֪ƳǿģҲʲôƳǿϣȻҲƳһЦǼ˼
һ䣺ڵң
ʵƺ֣Щ㲻״Ϊʺ󣬾ҪҲҪʾľޣĸУ
ȵľ㣬ѵôƳЦĸˡ
ǻʺʲôôƼ֡
ˣôҾһð衣ƳóһСӣǼɺɫҩ裬ֻ;ҩǸö˿϶Ҫ˯ȥ
ôõĶŸԼɡŪŪѪܵ·Ƴǰȥ
Ƴһѽȥϵۣ㲻ԣھɱ˻ϡ
ͣ£ҳͷ˻ϣ
ǿ˸ƳЦʲôʸҪңô
ʺڻͷΪʱһֱ㣬αҪ£Ҳ֪ΪʲôΪʲô˵ֻҲͬŮˣҲǿʺ󣬴ıͷõľȻЩһŮ˺ɱ
µʱЩ꣬Լ˲Լıˡ
һһߵӱײƿһۣǺײȥˡ
ӵ˺Ҫһ䴩˺˵ؿڣ˵ֱӶ
ȥԸҪ뿪Ĺuͣƴȷû£ʺƳ
ûг·ѻϴвҪıɱͷôܺ뻢ıƤ
죬˵㲻ҪΪᱻ㼸仨ƭ㲻ǱҪȰ
ҪʹôӣƳһҩƣˡ
ưҩӵһߣ˭ϲԾȥԣǲϲʺһ⣬ˡѴ
ƳЦЦȻ㲻ϣǱֻɱ˻ˡ
Ƴתһ̹ȥۡ
ңһѸٵƳĸǰһưƳƿƳײǽϣһѪ˳ڵϡ
վһߴһ˲̧ͷʱĽѾƽƳҪɱƳ
(δ)

İʮ ͵û

ۿһҪȥϵϵ
ǼϢһӴϴƶʱëȻŤͷϿȥûǴˡ
Ļ괩ʲô
ϵһֱţȻƨһҪɱʺˣǸոˣһ˶Ըô
ͣ£Ľһʯͷǽڡ
ת忴ϵۣȻ䲻ˣǵ˵ͷμϣȼ٣ˡ
ϵһ۾ľޣתϷĻʺƳ
ȴλ뿪Щͻʺ˵
ǡ忴۰ȥ⿪ľ޵ӣľ޻ڻԣȥľ޿˿ȷľֻǻԣŸŹһ뿪
뿪ܵuͲӰҾ˲ûзʲô˴ܵˣȰ˰ˣתһܵվǲģ˻ȥܵȥеطûҵ뿪һڣǿվҿվš
ƳǱߵʱ򱻹ˣתֻͣϴ󣬱ϾӦ治
ҲǹģֻǵүԽ
ͷҲûһתȥˡ
ȥϵ۵һ£޻һ㣬㻹޵ĻʺǴس
ƳҡҡͷĿͣ޵ˣ޻˵ҽʱѾ³޵ӣ㣬Ҳ
Һ㣬ûҪװҺܳߣ֪ٸҹҶجξѣμѪܵվǰΪʲôɱ㣬ΪʲôҪ
ϣʱҲǶĵģɱ㣬Ҷˡ
Ҳ㺢ӣҲǲ뺢
ǲŹӵģ㡭ӦңҪһһһˣ㲻Ȣ㻹Ȣľޡ
ľ޹ģҲ㣬Ǿأ
֪еϢͬʹ
ƳЦᣡ
ޣ
ɣֻһˣɺãϵָƳƳҡͷ
ˣҷ֮߱עҪ촦֮ӮѼ˵
㡭
ȻǵˣҲף㣬óԸɡ
ƳϵĽ׼˶ϡ
ϵһס˽һˣһ۶ϣѰһ
Ҫ޵֮˴ǻʺû˻ʺӻʲô˼
Ȼʺ˽ȥ޲ȥǣѾУҲûʲôɵˣ޵ĺӣѺӱʺޱ˼ˣ
ƳȻסעŹ˵
û뵽ϵɴ⣬ֻθɴһЩѡ
ƾⲻһ¹ߣ˳ʹɫҪҪñ֡
屻ԼϱŪÿЦãҲɣŰһ뿪ܵ
ȥ֮ƲŷһЩ
ү߰ɣûҵȥҶܾô˵ز˾ŹȲˡ
ſڰתԸǹѾȫ˴ѾûдͽԳȥĹȥ
ǵģһϵ۰ƳʱƳһҹ£Ҿʲô£ϵûطѰˮ
ҾȥŹ뿪
ʲô嵹ǲżѾʼ׷˵ȥСѻЭ岻Ҳˡ
˵ȥˣʵȥķȴǳ
үҪɱʺ󣬻ϻүǿˣ˭ϱ˭ţϵ֪ʺˣǻţ˭˵ʲô
ʺϵװ˯˺˭ˣҪɱʺϵˣ
Ƶıѩ⣬Ҳˣ㹫ƽûУûķݣһЩУСǷĲֵ
ƵģŰҪϳߣŰƵࣺ룬Ҫʱڱĳ֮գǰһЩӣպƣƿǻ޷˵ļ޸
ĪĿ壬ԳƬ̱˹һǳĻش
ᡣ
ɫһЩʰƣõ˴𰸾úóͷơ
Ϊʲôأģǲˡ
Ҳһʲôģء
ԺǲĺõطұԺǧķ⽨ѹȥҲ¹үǲ֪ϲÿջڹĶ֮¡
Ȼүãİݡ
ʱǺү׵ӣɼүЩԵ֣˵׼ǰǰϵӣйôһľʯǰˣŻ
Ҫǵʱǳ׵ӣǻûʱ򣬶һǲˡ
ּͻ飬Ҳ취Ƶ
ҪƲܣ
ƴ˷˵Ĺһ£ŰƵ֣˵һ䣺͵ûʣ˰ɣ
һĬõĺЦ
Źȥֲĵʣľʯǰ˿Ǻ¥˵ˣ
Ƶͷţ
(δ)

İʮ Ҫ

һ·ЩҵˣһֱͰۼֱ飬ƱͲϲķ˱˵ҪңҲϲ񡣡
ϲ˭Ҳϲֱ񣬵Ҫʣɡ
˼Ƭ̣е⣡
˭
Ƹ˵¥ûԸ棬ڴȻ
Խ˵ĶˣԽǺ档
ƶ࿴һ۹ķ˵ٻȥʱ򣬸һ׻
ŮӰүҪǿĽȥͿɡ
һ¶ܻȥȻҪŵģܼᶨĵͷһ֣
﹬Ѿرأϱϴĳڴ˴Ѫɺӣ滹һЩطǺġ
ƸŹţѾȻ̫ڸߴķϣһһĻ̫ûڡ
ƸŹȥ̫žЩԾû
̫ͻ̫ǰҲ˵ʲô
˴ιͶҪǼʱϵʹ֪ʲôˣϻô
̫ʵش𣺡ϻãĸģԺϾͻĸ밲
û¾ͺãѾָ糣ֻuͻûҵոߵʱ˵ȥˣ֪ôˣ̫Ļ̫Ҳ˵ǣѾˣҪһġ
ܻڵˣи֮ˣʲô
̫һ˵ǡ
̫һ޹ʱЦ
һѻУ֪ѻˣơ
ϸͷѾҵ
ֻ˵ƽյʾ⣬Ŀ˵Ѿˡ
ת棺ĸ󣬶ѾˣԺҲȥӭ
ȥɣСЩƣ˳ȥ͵¹
ǡ
һƸȥ˶Ż˯ˣһ˻ţȥһۣɨȷû£ɿ֡
û£һЩ/ҩʱͻˡ
ҪôãЩǡ
ȵˮѹ
š
˵ǸѻȺȥģ˶һЩ˷ŵײͳǣѻȺʱҵȻ룬Ƿһ顣
Ҫӣ
ĸΣǮԣûҪˡ
˵˸֣Ѷһ
ʮɡǾãȻˣȻǲҪײҪ
ˣãʮ
˵ˣuת׷ʣuô
ûУǺһûץôһ˵uûץת
帽һ䣺ˣ
ˣ࣬ӢȾ˼ɱ
ƴԽͣΪ˾ңˡ
һ£Ŷ࿴һ۰ƣתŻˡ
ܻڹԹĵ֪ĺңȥ˶ˡ
˰ƿ壺үûоöƽʱºͣвҪӣвʣҲȻǻƢҲ¶ɱ˵Ŀ⣬ҿȫ̹ǣɱ˵Ŀǣ
֮޲죬Ҫ޲⡣
үҪأֻһʱҲûô࣬ڱЩˣرǿĿ¶׹۾ֱһͷײڹϡ
΢УŰƵǰƱŵòԾĺȻƽΪʲô
Ƹո˵ʲô
û˵ʲô˵˶үӣүظ
ƤЦⲻЦ˭
ʶֺûоûУôʲôҪүҪڹвŶԣȥ͵¹
˵ߣס˵Ͼߣɵӣ
ûĿһ۹䣺ү㻹ô
ôҲ϶ཻþͳɣʱţŬһЩñôɣ
ûȥү治Ҫձ˵ֻ
ʶʱѾûˣҪƱԣҪʲô

һ꣬˵ֻձҲ˵
ȥľޣľǻʹҷʱʹƷ׸˾һƷѹˣҲϡ档
ͰƵٵ¹ţһȥٵ¹￴ľޡ
ľ޴ʱѾˣױƽľ޲վ
ׯױǣ迴Щ
˵˭ǳ֮ˣƲƫ̻ľޣľȷʵʱ
Щûʲô֪
̫Ȼ˽ģ̫󲢷Ƿˡ
һڹʺ֮λָϳΪ̫ˣȻ
(δ)

İʮһ ʺȼй

ˣƵȻľֻǵĮĿŰƣ˰ʾߵȥ
˵ȥһԵŰŵϡ
ǹмôһľ޺˾˼
ƵҲ࣬ѵʱɲǻࡣ
°ưַŹȥľ޵ɨ裬ȷľֻǱûʲô󰭣ҩľȥ
һƿ裬ȳһţӦþûˣܶԣԶ˯ţƿ£պá
Ƹˡ
ľСƿӿţҲûᰲƣֱ˳ȥ
Ƹߣľ޵Ůߵľ޵˵ҩǸū澣ūԲС
ԭľûʲôŤͷߵŮ㵨ԽԽˣ˭ĵӣˣ
ū澣ū澲ң
Ůæߵľǰȥ£һʱ䲻֪ʲô飬ƽ﹬鶼ģǹ˷رѡˣľ޿Ҳƴӣôˣ
Ůŵͷľ޿һ᣺˰ʮӵȥûбóɡ
ū澡ū澿ǹ˷˵˰Ů޺ţľֻĮĿŮȴһԲıΧĹŮǶ
ȥľ޷Ը̫˳ȥ޹ܿ촫ҽеľСƿȥſڿ汻ЩŮ
Ůû¾ͻˣ̫༱æſڵľޣľ޷Ը˱ϾǵڹģҪʲô£˭Ҳ
ôľ޵ȻʵСƿӷŵţ̵С̫æϻľޣû򹻡
Ȼûд򹻣Ǿʹɣ˾Ūߣ˱۾
С̫ֱʮŰ͵ȥ
Ůľ޲ųһŰƿҩ衣
ۼĹæ߹ȥźţף¹ƺʵ϶ȴмӣ»ҪעһЩܱסԴ
˶ݣοЩֵˡ
ƴٵ¹ȥ幬һֶû˵һ·ҲǰݣҲû˵һ֡
ŰƵ幬ƽȥڹš
׼ݼæŰ
֮䲻ҪЩȥɣ˵˵ȥŰȥǰ棬Űһ¡
˵Ϊ롣
ַ£Ҳؿһ·ĶչˣѲ㵱ˡ
תɨ裬ȷûʲô飬Ʋɿָһƿҩ
ҩ£һл
׼뿪ˡ
ûʲô˵ģԹº˶硣
ľǲͬǰڹʶ
ȵȡŰҪ߾Щżˣû뿪
ͣƵ˵ͷ˵
һ˿ſڣǰͰ˵
֪֮Щңҵ⹬ˣǿ˵ѣڹȷʵûʲôѣԸѵҲǰˡ
ҵĳǸ
Ҳ֮ˣֻǲϣ׵⹬
۹ȥҺγǻ֣̿ΪǾҵȴӲ࿴һۡ
Сܼϲĸ飬Ҳز۵ԭ򣬹Ҳܵõĳ谮
˹ұǻϵˣŮе£Ե¡
䲻ţҲϣ
ڼҴӸŴӷŮӱеĵУ
⹬ﱾ;ٲά裬к֮ģ
һ˵춯أرǵȦ˵ʱ򣬰ƵҲ⹬ŮӵļֻҲ¡
˵ﲻˣֻ￴֮ˣҲصģ
֪Ҳ˼㻹ô˵ֻ֮ô
Ŀˣ
ƿ˵Īģᣬ׶̥
͵ˣָ·ɡƾҪ£һѷžֱ۽
ﲻˣƵͷϸʺȼй
ס̧ͷ˽Ӳľͷƿ˶ˣ˵κһ仰
Ʒžǿǿĺӡ
ʹ棬ǸŮ˲ᣬȻ㲻ɡ
ЩûûλģλȨصġ
ЩϺӵģ˵ġ
οҪǺ£ҲѲ˸ϵ
ó̥ոյǱӵģǱµģĪź塣
ء
תȥſڣʣΪأ
Ʋ£Ҳûж˵һ֡
(δ)

İʮ αǻʺ

ߺȥ£ҩ˷ţòŻȥϢ
ƳǸ˵ˡ
ŰƵֳһۣôˣˣ
̧ͷĪĿһ۹壬⻰˵Ǹʱ˵Ц
һ⡣˼⡣
ʲô⣿Ҫ֪
Ҳû˵˼Ϊʲô϶Իʺôðɣ
嵹ǲ⣺ʺޣǻϸԸȢˡ
ǵδأֻʹ棬ҲߴʤʺվǴӿʼһ·ˣǺûǲãܹһ𲢼ģʺҪǲˣǻ˵˶û˰ɡƽĶۡ
˵δǻʺҲԣʺȴȡģǻϳ谮ʺԭ򡣡˵ƾùֵֹģȻҲ֪϶Իʺǿݴȵĺãȥкĸģֻȴδء
ǻģʱǴ߻ȻȻľͻԭҵĸº͡
黹Уδء
ûҲ㲻Ǹʲôܳá
ѧԣһ˶һ˰ŨҲ䵭մӰ飬Ƶĸоϵ۶Իʺ
ԻʺϵǸ᲻µһָ飬ڰ
ʶͣһ£ĪĿ壺үһûг嶯ҪռҵˣͿˡ
ʲôͰ̽ѧһĶȻսĳܣǹӻˮľ̹
ôһ˵ʵĹһˮͷܵţƢͺõûˡ
ȻûȴǾ¡
ϸûɰռľˣ㿴ˡ¿ûʲôˣŸҰĿ
忡һô˵ϰʮˣϻƵģ
Ƶûпǹϸһ£ǲ˵
һ¹壺ҪǵʱүԸ⣬Ҳа취ģϾǸ򡣡
ƾ²ѣֻҪóȥ
һ棿
һ»ӳ٣ȥ׷ơ
üȥ档
峦һֱ࣬Ƶĸо
ȢʲôҪʱϵĲ£㲻ŪǸˡ
˵Ĳƶ
ƵרҵƽĶۻа취ġ
ϸӹǣ˵һ˲ұ֤үϰʮҲ̫⣬رƽүʳ£ϵʮүܽ˲εֻǵʱȢܵүԼ
嵱Ǳȵˣת忴ȥҲȢȻӦƣһһһ˫ˣ㲻ŮˣУ׺䣬á
ȹ˵꣬Ʊֶ̧ס˹죬·ģ¹嵱汻
˱Ͼ˵ϵ۶ԻʺĺǼģǺ;ε˺ӡ
˵ÿ尴ס
ҪסһֱסűЦɲһסһɲǻϣǶ
ʲôģΪүáĻ
ȴסƵɫҪãģһԲƣñú롣
ü֪үڵ飬ǰ֮үŻᶨơ
жԣʲôɽ˺ģʲô󶼳ʮĴˡ
ⶼпܵģһүͲϲˣȻˡ
ϲĹˣǺ飬үҲؽ黳֮顣
üܾ⻰ԣôףŮ˸ʲô˵һﲻ
ǵˡûơ
ǲǺҪԺ֪үڿ˳嶯ʱ˵ĻõġƴȤ
忡ģû嶯
㲻ǳ嶯үʱӹ˵ĻΪõ£ټж٣үҲδ֪
Ҫ֪أҪȵ֪
ǽԽ˵ԽŮ˶ô
ȻҲɼǶԼͷ
ʺô궼ûǸ˼ΪةฮҲҪţȴˣүЩطô
ʲô֣
֮иҶ֪ģݲһ覴ãŮֺС
йоص˵ײ࣬Ȼ֮ϵˣȴһĶʺһˡ
ʺȻгޣΪ˻Ҳࡣ
ͬΪŮˣ˽ʺ˼Ϊ˰빬Ѱ𣬳˶ȴٰǻҲ֪֮飬᲻˺ϣԭװĺĺĳĺĺ
ʺÿնʹ࣬Ƿ³޻гˡ
ϵĺûʺˡ
ϺȻ˺ӡ
Ҳ˵ӻʺ󣬲ȻҲѻʺȢ˭˵ⲻǻϵ˽أ
Ůʵкܶ࣬αҪʺأ
(δ)

İʮ 

Ȼϲʺ󡣡䲻ϰơ
ϲȻϲҲδȫ
Ϊ˻ʺǾͷɣҪġ
סһŮ˰ͷָŮһүǰԼǰˣ
̤һ̣ǻǵãǸŮеĵλ
ϣϣĺγأ
ݻһеԭʲô
궯ô
˳ĺվȥģʱ򰡣үδػϲģϾƣﶼġ
ͳ檵ƢƢүͻˡ
Щ겻ǣ֮һԷܺΪɣȢ檣
ûˣ
һԴǣ˵Ĺ󣬺Ҫ£Щȥˡ
˵ҲĻһѰƣתߣԽԽ죬ԽԽúõ˼ˣ̫ˣȻȥʰ㣡
ǰ߷߲ƽߣںõĸš
һǰһߵſڹˡ
תһûײȥ屧˸ǺܵЦˡ
ûʲô˵תת
ˣ뿴˭ߵôżɿˣŰ뿪
ӻʹ˵Ҳˣһ˯
ͣ¹屧Ʊ˽
ƽӽԺ㼱æ˽ȥôȫѪ
ѾˣƽĻһʱ鸴ӣ࿴һƽû£ֻǽˡ
Ʋƽģȴû뵽ƽ۾ʪˡ
ӣǡƽޣʹ˸ɫʾƽ˵СһЩⱻġ
ƽæŲ˲ᣬʣȥô
ǰסӣԱ߾ǰסģŮסһ𣬳ȥžܼ棬ȥʲôط㣬Ψȥƽ
Ƶͷ屧Űȥƽסӡ
ƽæʰȥס¾˰æԼû·׼ԷԸ˼׼ԡͰԡ
ϵƽҲһꡣ
ϱӲ֪ʲôˣⱲƽˡ
ŵʱ˳ʹ壺ү㲻ȥץˣ
ˣ֪굽ȥˣץץˣڼơ
ʼ·ƿȥſ/˼䣬Ҫƽŵ㡣
үϴ׼һ·
ƽȥ죬Ʊſڵţһֱƽ·Ʋ߻ȥŹϴ衣
ƽȻһʱ䲻¶ˡ
嵹ģƲϣ
ƽ˻ϸɾ·ƿƽԺմѪʹСֵģסˣèомǧΪèǺ꾫
˵ȥӣƽվںãȻ
ŰƻݣƿŰ˽ȥƣȻһѣĿ䡣
Ůû°һŲ˵Ҳˣû¾ͺãϢɣ
ºӾˣתȥ֪ĻϣôûĻݡ
˺ӣȷʵ/
ῴǻˣæȥˡ
ƻصߣ󱦱ǶˣһЦǺǵĿƣССֵߵġ
ƻ·ϻЩƣ˸ĮһŽݵģû뵽û˹ÿ˵ﶼıԼ档
ǿ͸ˣﵱȥá
һ󱦱ƵʱͺˣҲʧˡ
ϸһҲôˣ׵ͱʵʵĺá
ư󱦱һڣ/¾˯ĹЦã˯ˣأ
ͷһۣ˯ȴһµţ˯᲻ߡ
ǻһᣬߵƵһڣȻǲᣬҪߡ
֮Իǵ·˽ɱƣȻѾصʱ㰲ȫˡ
忴һۼӣתš
ƽ͵ſڣŽֱơ
ǡ
ߺƽóһСӴһᣬΧ˴ӷ£СѻҲ䵽˷
βĴ˳ſƽ׼µë̺ſ¡
˯һᣬ˯˸ΣμĽݳˣ˱Ƶ±ϣ·ȥ
Ƴһ˻ἸӣžϢ˳ˡ
ƽѾ׼ţԹŰȥſڡ
ƽſŰƣһֱŻʹķ򣬿ӣǲǵү
еģϾô£ҸĵǽҪɱ¾Ѫȡ
ƽƣӵ˼ǣ
ıҪɱͷģȻүɱһЩˣЩ˵˵ֵ!
Щ˲ϰݣƹܵţЮ˻ϣǶϷǣǼٿڣǧڡ
˭ҲȲǡ
ǴҵξǾˣȴҪôǰЩ
ӣû취¡ƽֻ˵
Ƶͷ֪ȥɣղ淢ʲô£޹ء
ǡ
(δ)

İʮ 

ƻصԺȥ칫칫պ࣬Ƽæ׷ʰƾ飬֪¿ڷϽûκһ˰ѹе͸©ȥ
ʵǴСİǣҲû֪зʲô顣
ֻ֪նɱףȴû֪еĶ
黹Ҫ̫ãҵ̫ҪȥһڿҪҪȼգҺүȥԺʴʦûңʱת
˵еūҲżֻμϧںţֻһյ谵ĵƣΧ壬Щܡ
ЦЦǻõģһϧùǰ£˭չˣһС
ʵǰҵϧùñʮ˲ģ
һʮ˲ɰ칫Żˣ
칫ʮ˲֪ģͷ󺹣ƼӰѾ˵ʵϧùǰȻ˺£ʱҲһЩˮģһֱģϧùõ书֣ջҪµġ
кܶ࣬ȥ˾ոһյĥˡ
ģŲ˵
Ҫܳģ뿪
˵ϧùθˣûʲô£ֻǲ֪ôˡ
Ȼ⾭ǳǲνˣϧùûˡ
УһҪģôܲأԭȿ϶ڵģ϶⼸ÿ춼Ĭӷ𣬲ðϧӵġ
ղԸҪǰϧúõģҪоģҵ
ҽˣպϧͶ̥ȻҰ
УУ
칫һҡͷƱ»С»ޣ¿ǲˡ
һͷү˵ܲȥԺһˣЩ
ãһˡ
úˣȳȥˡ뿪űԺӡ
ʱŮ˹ȥ
ôɫã
ּ̫ȫȥү׽ѺΣ˵ȣ۴Сݸߵͣȫնǿ˭ôĶŹ⹫˶ԣǲĵġ
ǹܲˡҲ˭췴ƹˣuͱƹɹˣ񱻴նľǡ
ˣȻȥϢȥϢһֱŽſڣ˵ȥ飬ʲô紵ݶƻǻʡ
ƽʲôϢͻ߰ơ
ȫɱүҲԾ
ı췴д̻֤ȷ䣬ʺƳйϵ㹫ն̣֮Ͷһ
ةฮǣʹһۡ
ոƽ¹ͺΪۡá
˵²ŴӽһݣȻ򣬵иطȴ˱֮Ψֲĵط
ƴŰȥǱߣǱκִ
κִǰ񣺡ְμ
ư˰֣ʾⲻˡ
תƿķ̲סˡ
үȥˣʡ
κִ˵һֱûԷ¡
ȥѯʣκִҡͷ
ˣ˵˭ȹհɣҩУһֱÿϹ⼸մϼҩ¡κִĿꡣ
ʵĵǲ˵ȨӶǲеˣڸĵλûʲôֱǰְʶһӣӳ˷
˵ͨѾͷ˸Ͷˣʱ꣬Ҳ̫£ͽˣ˳󣬾ںԺɻȻ˽үǸˡ
ѧΪ
ְʱڳʮ¾ˡ
Ǹ뿪һ
ʶ֮ǳȲ裬ż˵һ飬ĳϲңҲû취
նҼǰ˵һ仰ҪҲҪѹ
ȫܹκִʱ飬һ
طٲãҲѵļңѲϲֻΪûпˣȴҪɡ
Ҫȥةฮˣ
תةฮǱȥκִӺ˹ȥмľ롣
ةฮſڰ̧ͷһۣةฮһоȻ򣬸ȥһλˡ
վһᰲԭ׼Ҫߵģȴƽܴ˳
ƽһ£˼ǰ˫ֱȭμ
ʾƽ⻹ƽܵһʽȫڡ
(δ)

İʮ ƭ

һ£롣˵ƽܾˣһɫ·ݵӹһΣܰߡ
ȥӺ˹ȥ
ƽܳǺ˺ԶԽԽԶʰȥʲôط
ҡͷ֪
κִ˵ȥķӦȥӣ
ӣתκִ
κִͣ˱ˣ˸˸طıķӵӣһЩ˲ȥĵط
ô֪֡
ְȥΪѣʬҲС
ƿκִıѵʬ壬ǲ
κִûлش𣬰תȥƽܡ
ӣѾսˣһŵʬսζ
ǿվߴ¿Ϳƽһսʬ淭ʲôˡ
ƺ棺㿤ô
Ӧǣٽӣʲôˡκִ˵ţƽܴһ汧һӣˡ
ƽܱʬ߷£ɴתţһ·ϵ۵һͷֹȥκִ̳˹ȥκΰһκִҲȥġ
ƿһ꣬ԸȥæǰһһһͰκִƽܸȥŰȥѾȥ
ƽڵһֱĴִ۵û
ʣһˣΪʲô
ƽûлش˱ϣȥһط
ⲻԶķأƽܰʬڿ˷ذѷĹײĴ򿪣ʬŵ棬ƿŵһŮʬ
뵽㿤ƶЩףȻôһ¡
ȥæƽصʱ򣬰ƿץһûУаȥæ
ˣƽ۵ſڷɽſš
ƽܸ˻ȥ뿪ʱƻͷһۣĲеĹ·أĹûУƽҪǲǵˣ治֪ʲô˼ǵط
Ϊ˹u͵һ˽ͻôˣ֪θ룿
ưƽܴˣҪȥةฮ֪ͨһ˵ƽˡ
Ƹƽܿһ£ûʲô£ֻҪһʱ䡣
ƽܰƲŻȥӣһֱϲŻŰƿæȥϴϴ裬ЩʪľҪ굽ƱŵòᣬӶû˯ᶼһǿ
Ǳ˼ҵĺӣȫԺԲܣ̫СʲôҲ¿
Щȴû׼ˣ
үƿ壬Ѿȥ˴ϣҲǷˣ󱦱ִţҲúڴϸ¡
ҪˣвʣƲŷ˿ܡ
ýϣϢˡ
ˡһ仰֣Ҳ˵ˡ
Ƹ˸ǱӣҲʣȹʲôʱ˵ˣҲá
Ϲּˣǹٸԭְаƽȥˡ
ƲطΥ
˹ȥĵű㿴ϵӡ
ϵ۱ȥֻȹߣߵ̨ȥϵ۵ͣˡ
ϵ۰Ӿ͸˰ƣƴʱһ֣ʲô
󹬲øһ˼ң
̽
㲻״ƴӿһۣûع
֣ƲˣһУֻǿЦô
ϷأʱѾ붬ˣҪӹһȥ֣֪ٵĿȥ־û취߹͹ݣҪһЩӡϵۿ˵¡
иõԤУýڹⱻ˽ٳˣҲǺ£ܽӡ
˵ϣûӲļ裬ļĻȻҲͳˣֻǽĻҲ˶顣
ǰ£Ǹ̫һЩӣͷһûʱӾ͸ˣȥһЩ˲Žȼü֮
Գã赽ײǰ취
ʺռ࣬˰ԹŻӿ飬Ǳ߹ڶ࣬ÿľҲһʲСĴĿǾã費裡
ϵһ߰ӣӵϣ˵˼ңÿǰѱ߹أ¹ߣĺڣ
ĿһȻǸȦףԭء
֣̿벻£еǰвĵȹӰƹ򵹵ϡ
ϵ۵ĮĿһ۰ƣ󹬲ܸ֪
֪ƽƽʧ
ǹ޻˵
֪㻹ǰ˵ЩޣϵɫһĿ¡
(δ)

İʮ ϵв

ƵͷڣȻʶϵ۵ĿģͲҪʲôļ裬ļӰ˴ʼҵ棬ҪвóһඪҲǶһ˵ǰˡ
οĴѹȣǸӣҳȥҽϵ۵̴죡
ϵ۴ҪȴҲˡ
弸ְչ٣ϵǸţһˡ
ҲҶ˵һֻ֣ߵ˸ͷ˵ǣ
޻˵ҪǮûҪϵ۸ã͸Ҹ
ϵҲǿˣˣǻʲôʱ¹ˣģ
ҪΪ棬޿ˣ޵Ҫ⣬Ͳٴιˡ
ƹ֪
ϵۿƣŵ滺㵱Ͳܸһӣ
ʥ
ϵ۱ǲǮ
ѾӣϽǮһ˽һǧӣ٣
ƳĬǲԸǮƾʲôôҪֵһһҲԸ⣬ĲǶۺ񣬵ܹ˳
ʲôϵһֻôô棬пܵġ
Ʋģ
ûӣȷʵ֮ǰóһЩӣЩһҿ˼׬ģȷʵЩʲôӣоǾƻĲıǶΪ˳ζˡ
Ҳȱ֮ǰҲóһЩģǰ͵Ժȥˡ
ǷһЩ
ܾЩһȫˣϵۺĽͬȢޣȷʵȢ˸ּеˡ
ʵ۵ĶûǮԴȢӹԽԽã䴫Ƿ޴һѣҪӣżҵʵ
ҪӣԲڱ߹صĽʿǣԲϷĻ֣
ϵԾɲΪʵĿ˴ôЩӾȻˣ
ǿˣϵҪǰĲݡ
ǲģ
ģҪǹҪ˵ȥ֧Ԯ߹أҲˡ
ƫǣ
ϣӣĿˣԭŲҪ˷ѣԴöȲ̫ݻȸĺӺЩ㹻ˡ
ĺԺĽһǧˣ붬ǰͰĺԺĽãøãִӦ˵һ£պӹȥиط˯
ɢɢһЩǮȫǷǰЩӴ˰ȥˣ˵ûǮû
һǷž̫һӣôĿ
ֳּңԺ˶ò̫ԣ͸ÿµǮȥܼһѳ֪˵Ӹ˲֪Ǯ࣬оүٺ»ҲٵĿ
˭ŮӲҪ׬ЩӻؼãһζûżҲĽʱ͵ĶǱ
Щ
ϣʵûôӣҲò

ϵһ᣺ȻܿǿˡӻҪģȻûУǾͰѳＯӵ齻㣬һǧ֮ǰҪＯ
ѾȰϱ߻ֵ飬ʣ˱߹ؽʿˣ޿Եȣ߹صĽʿȲˡ
ûǾ仰ǲԸǲġ
⣬͵߹ҲĹͣϵԭôʱ򣬾
ûϵһＯõ̲ݻȻԸ泯͢е£Ǳñȥɡ
Ѿ޻˵׼뿪Ƹոߵĵſڣϵ˵밲֪һЩ飿
תϹϾĵͷʾ
ϵ뿪һߵ̨档
ƿϵ;ûʲô£ʵЩ´Ҳ˵ûȥ֪һἰ㲻ʲôˡ
ϵ˵̵ʱһˣδˣʱգǡþ֮󲻾õһӡ
޼ǵãĳһλǡʱʧˡ
΢΢һ̹ˣϻĪŻˣϺúȥ°ɡ
ˣȻ⹬ﲻ
ϵŰơ
̵ͷҲϵۣɸʲ
Ҳûӣ½˭Ҳ첻ɣܲܽ˸ȥѹ֬࣬ۿҪٶˣ߹صĽʿٲȥҪ̶ԴİգԱ߹սʿ
ƲǸһٸһ棬Ҳɵӣ
ƳĬϵһ°·ϵӣϸĿ˺õĶ޶û
Ʋ˵ɲûǷ˽ӵģΪľ·дУӸˣǽ߱Ƶģʮ־ƽרŸ׼ġ
û뵽췴ϵв
(δ)

İʮ Ҫ

ʵزܳϹϵѾκ˾ӵϣˡ
ֻ빬ȥ
Ȼӵģ޲öȥȥһưҲģǶ޵ˣǾģļ˵ȥѡ
Ҫǲһˡ
ʢļӳ¡
ϵ˼ǣǮӺζֻҪＯӣǳı£ǰǲȥ˻ʼҵ档
Ȼ֣ȴȥţＯ䵽˾еĴԹ󣬻׹ϡߣǿѹͷŭ
ⲻǮôǵĴԹҲô׹Ҳû٣һëθ˭ȥ
˵ˣӶ࣬͸
֮Լǣ޵û뵽أһ߶Űգ˻ʼҵ档
һϵֱӸſ£˭ô˵ģõĻ˵ֻͲǴô
Ʋ˵һ仰
˵ǡǿȨվˣĲ鲻Ըǻа취ƶӦ
ϵ̾һ˵˵˽¡
ü˽£
֮ʲô˽£
ϵ۵ȻһЦʺ顣
ƳȻʺ鳼
㻹޵㣬˵˵Ĺȥ
޻˵ֻǺԼ
һֻˣ
Ƿּ£˵ĺ£ʲôȱ¡
ۣ˵
޲ǱˣҲֻǻʺһ
ϵǰ˵Խòԣʲô
һҪʵʲôҴ˰ɣ
ϵתȥǵã޸㽻ˣ
һͷˮҪʲô
ϵ۾ȻĮıӰʵû취뵽
ʺжˣȥл˵
ϵۻָĮӦʣּ
˳ĵŰȥҹ壬帺ֶ˼һʮֲͷʣôų
ȥ˵ҪүүȥʺжҪȥƽȥ˷ǹ
鲻ˬĵſȥ
ſһۣС̫༱æţ´ǰλүüͷžͲ̫ˣ
˵˾䣺ϡ
Ѿת£Ų׼Ȳ裬Ѳ£°ָָһߣɣĲҶ㳢ɡ
ʣٶʱ²裿
㳢֪ˣ
ȥߵϵ۵һ߶ոϵ۷µĲ룬ƿǳһ£˴һڡ
¹ʣģ˭ģ
أϵ۵Ȼ
ϱһĲ裬żУҲֻбһ㣬ǽҲ򲻵˵ٵĺܣ߼ģѲģ˳Ů˸ҰôõĲ
ϵۺЦ˭ı㲻˵ˣȥԼʡ
Ͼ˵ɫơ
Ҳ֪ٶû²裬޶Ȳˣɼıºܴ
ֲ裬ǲӵ·һ·Ҫǧӡ
ϳĶģɼǮ١
Ǯǲ٣Ҳٶʱ򣬺ǻû׼·˶࣬Ӫհ½͸ǮֱǻǮˮ˾Ǯ飬ﶫŲ˲٣ھ˵ǷǮҲ֪˶١
˵ϣһҪˣϵ취ûУ˭ʵ۵ʱӡ
˵թȫռˣΣϵۻˣûһ۹塣
ǹ飬бƽУƽﱸҩһ߹أ˼ӡ
ƵʱҾݱȼյһɶ
ƽ£ʿǲܹ
˵Ǯ֪ǸˣұʣǮǿˣ
ϵ꣺㺰ʲô
ߣģ
޿ԴǸԽԽ޷ˣ²裬޺ʱȹ㶼ˣ
ϵۿǲ޶˶˵Ĳ̹޵ǻϣûصҲòһ㣬Ѳɡƽĺãιˣ
ϵĺãԵ֪ģҶ˴ϱռģ˵Ҳû٣᲻úȡ
㻹ˣ˵裬ӣǣ㻹
˭֪ӣһҪӣ˵ûǮţ
ǮҲǳģƵģοҪҽѧԺѾһˣûãҪӣ֪ȥŪӣϺαҪҪӡ
ϵͷһҲöԸǲ
ѾҪ˳
ӣﱸĿ֪Σ
(δ)

İʮ λؾ

ֶ£ǿŹһϵۣ뿪˺һߣܻ֣̿ﻹ£Ȼˡ
תߣϵ˵ʱ䣬ǲϽ⣬޾Ͱѻλø㡣
ͣ£תϵۣϵ۴ʱƿһۣεúõһ趼ˣֻܺЩʣµġ
ȻӲǳܵģҪǻףڻλϵ̫ӵġ
ҽˣǸ

ϵ۵ȻһЦĿƽ˳΢΢üĽҪǶӳȺϧûŮ
Ҳԣٶȸˣܸˡ
תˣϵ˿
ɻȥˣ
ǹ⣬ȥ档
Ƴǰ񣬵Ƴǻʺ󣬸еĻҪС
Ƴţοݣһۿȥ˰죬ôҲû뵽ղƳӡ
£ʧˣ
ưƳϣƳ̧ͷŰƣҪջȥûа˵ûС
ɨ裬ƼƳ壬жˣҶѾʼӣڴ߻Ƴ壬һ˥ϡ
Ըﵽĵ;ȥңתҪ˳ȥҩȡҪȥĵҵĻתھȥ
Ҳɣ˵ʺ󲻺á
ǡ
˲ҵ飬ﻹȥܹȥˣһ·ܵ÷ɿ죬󺹡
ߵ·ܵûŻͣˡ
һ壬˵򵹵ϣ޿İѰƵĻ߹塣
Ҳֹ˿޵ģҪǻʺˣǹ˶Ҫᡣ
˵ȥϡ
ǡ
˿ȥĵȥ˹ſڣ˻ȥҩȡ
嵽ʱϵѾƳߣƳֺ˵
ϵۻʱ飬ǵҩ䡣
үҩ䰲Ͻ˹ȥתҩ˳ȳѪ
Ǿãδؿ
򵥵˸ԣưѪνƳѪҺ棬ѪҺˡ
ƵһתϵƳ
ƿʼʣµѪ
һæ˼ʱ۵ĺ
ǰȥӸƲ˲ϵĺɾˡ
ҡͷҪ
Ǵʼնǵá
βΪɱ¾
͢Ǵ󳯴򣬵ȥ˵˺޹أǸʮˣҲüȣһֵĺɱɱǾȣ
ߵһߣ˿ڲŰƵͬʱҪ
ֹ˼ʱѽҩŪ˳Ҳ˲ȥŪʲôҩ裬ƽʺȥ
˵갲ƾûˣվӾµ˹ȥ
һѽ˱סƵڹĻĻ˵͸ˣ
䱧Űսֱۣ⿴һϵۣƵ˼˷ˡ
˵걧ƾˡ
ϵ˰ҩˮ˵ǰںģҲ֪涼ʲôҩʲôУƽŪһЩ綾Ķ˲ǺĶ
ϵ۷ƳһԵľǻʺ޺˻ʺ󣡡
Ƴϵۣ֮ҲƣҡͷҰɡ
Ƴҩϵ۵ļϴ/Ϣϣ֮һһʹӴٲǷĪټ
Ƴ۾ȣ˺ܿ˯ˡ
ϵ˿Ƴ˲۽ϵˮԸȥɡ
ǡ
½뿪ֻϵۺƳˣ
˯صĽݵߣĽҽԺ֢棬źҺ
Χûˣƿߵ棬һ߷Ľļ¼ӣ𿴣ȫԹۣѿ˥ߡ
뵽μĽݴϵȥȻʶʲôһѵ
ȻǲǿУҲҪԡ
ߺƸ󣬰ѪĽݺȡ
Ľԭĵͼ΢ģԴӰƵѪȥĽݵʼԽԽĵͼҲĹɡ
Ľݵֶ˶۾ظϰ˳
һɴסƳĽݿȥĽݿ˿ΧƣȻЩ漣Ļָš
ոյϣƵͿһӣѪӰƵ˳һҪȥưѰƵֱӷŵߣƵѪԴԴʽֱΪֹ
ÿƵŬţϣæŰѰƱڻ
ҲҪȥвʣǷʲô飬ˡ
(δ)

İʮ ׼

ƷĽӴĽҲ𾪣û뵽õô졣
˴Ľʣô
Ʋֻ֪ͣһ£ĽҪİˡ
ӳ㻹ǵôҽԺôֻμĽݴӸߴȥĲ֪
Ľ˵鷢ڲ˼ϸ飬ȻĶͷ˾±֪ˣ׷ɱջˤȥʱ򣬰鵽˳ȥܻ
ʵʲôֻ֪Ѳѡ
ӳû¾ͺãλЩȥģҪ鷳ӳˡһЦĽݿŰһòŰƵֱ۳ߡ
Ʊҽңĳܻء
Ľݴ˵绰ʲôˣҽ칫ȣڽŹ϶żˣˣҲûʲôɶ룬ҩͻȥ
ˣ
ĽߵƵǰ̧ͷĽݣȻʮĽݸζ࣬ݺĽݾȻмˡ
ûãǶӳˡ꣬ȻشԽǺ£ЩģȻزȥˣͻ£ʱô죿
ĽݵϥؿŰƣαȥˣô
ӳˡϢĽݣĽһ¡
ˣ
ӣ̥Ҳò˼飬ִҽѧ෢Ҫ˫̥ѡ
һ
ãĽǿųһЦ
ܿˣĽҲ𾪣ƿĶҽʲô
ӳǻ᲻ҵƷ£
ĽҲʶʲôĽݿҽȳȥһˣǵˣ˵ұһŮ˽ٳȥˡ
˵ĽŰһ·뿪ҽԺһȥԭڵĻء
˳ĽݹȥоǱߣо˻ԵĴݻ٣½оһж䱸ġ
ƽĽ˵ǰԭ׼ģҲ·Ϊߴˡ
תǿЦЦ
ƾãʱĽ˵һˡ
ҲܻˣȻĶӳ飬ƲôȥĻزȥ
ԭûкӰƶ᲻ý͹壬˺͸᲻ˡ
ȥĶʮ꣬طеҲûǸطľĶǣȴ޷ġ
ȥĶʮ꣬ʼջ֮Уÿ첻ϵβˣϵĸŶǰ
ûдԽԭԶЩÿǹֵѪȷ硣
ڵ飬ȻṬˣʹ£ȴѪ⣬Ӳ
رӺǸˣ͸ˣĲ½
ôǡ
Ƕӳˡ
Ƴһ£ǿ˿ڣӳҪĶҪ鷳ˣһȥ򼸱飬ʱޣϣҡ
Ұ㣬ҹգòãĽȴ뵽ȥ
ðɣѾݱˡ
ӳջжãƲ֪ʲôʱҪȷʱ䡣
ĽҲ̫ȷˣֻһ˵Ҫգʱջ£Ҫ˵ڣĽݲ֪ƻ᲻תߡ
ƻӦҪ뵽ʱȣĽݲŻش𣺡졣
ƿ棬뵽Ľݵոʱ򣬰Ҳû𴩣ߣӳȰ׼ҩҪȥĶӳǮô
ŰûǮôУ
Ľݵͷתо˳ȥƽʱѾĸˣѾһ
ƿĽݳȥҲһ
ʵкܶĶ׼һЩһβܰοպҲˡ
ƺܿʰһѶмӣðװסˣýס
ЩպҲػˡ
ᾡҵЩҩҪָߡ
ưѶŪĽݵķ棬˵Ǯųš
뿪ȥ꣬˺ܶһӣһ·ִŪĽݵķ档
ĽʵһֱڰƵţܲģðƿܻ뿪
԰Ƶ˽һ̲µʶ
ڲǵǸֻдţˡ
ˣֵ̫˱˵Ůˣ
̫ϢĽſڿһᣬתȥ׼ҩ
˯һܾò̤ʵܿˣۣǰһƬڰ򿪵ƣĽݻû
(δ)

İٰʮ Ѿ͵

ƳȥĽݣĽݿһӳĽݰѳ׼俹أͼ߰³ƴӿܶкߣ޲֪˵Щʲô
ˣĽʣܱһô
ҡͷĽһȥס˰ƣĽݵ۾
Ҫ֪жѹԸżңȱʲôʲôҶԸ㣬Ҳϣôʧûˣһжֻһξ
ûʧоĽҪȥ飬ֻܷվĽǰ˵Щ
ֱĽݲ˵ˣƲʣӳ㻹ǵǵһںѵô
ĽݳûӦˣ뿪ưûӦ
ƺȻЦҾ֪ӳ϶ǲǵˣҼǵá
ƿһ۲Զĺӳǹȥߡ
ƳźȥﻹЩ̹ģ֪ô㲻Ǳѹ壬˵ǳ/ˡ
ڵûʲôҪڴ
û취ˣ˭ˡ
紵ţЩ䣬ŵһεѵ飬ƿһۿĽݡ
ЩΣĽݿͺǱһĸΪѡ
굽ΪֹɣϣԿס
ӳǵһʱ㿴ô˳ۣҪߣͽҸһѹ·һѵҲǷִ㻹ǵô
Ľݻ治ǵãϸ룬ô¡
ʶʱ򣬶û飬㻹ǳˣĽݻЦˡ
㻹˵˶ڵѵ飬ȴں߿Ҳ㣬һ㣿
ӳ˵öԣôﶼһֱӳϾҾöӳҾǸŮˣҲˡ
Ľݱ˵ǸһĺӣǵҪһȢ㣿
ʲôһ飬һ鶼ƭ˵ģҺͶӳһʱҲ̣ȴʲô𻨶ûӳãΪԵ޷ֻ֣ô
ĽתߵƵǰ棬סƵȥ·ô˵Ҫ㣬ǾͿһ𣿡
ͣ£һȦ
ӳЦӣɷ򡣡
˭ţ˭ϣ
ӳû˼ˡ
һΣƿȥ˺ߣĽһסƵ֣Ѱסˣ
Ʊ꣬תƿĽݣӳҰһֱɴ磬ʦɸһˣҳ㣬ûŮ֮ķǷ֮룡
ûа㵱ɱġ
Ʋ˵ңʲôܾĽݵĻվû
Ľһ°ƣͰȣ˵˶Բ飬ȥҲɡ
Ľ뿪ƣɱ㣿
Σɱôӳ֪ҵƢһֱԲ֯飬ӳǸ˵֯ǵİˣ֯Ǳ˰ˣ˻ѵ³ֻһԾ
ûӵǿԻӵԾ
Ǳ߱ѾҪȥңǰٸн߸ӳ绨ѩ£ҾǱҾ͸Ҫ
Ľɿ֣ȻЦĺǺЦһЦһ߳ź˹ȥƵ溦Ľݱ񾭲
һԴԽԽڿռҴܵˣԭһ񾭵飬вܷ裡
ĽЦЦŲЦˣҲûôѹĿ޳
ߵˮ˺ˮı䡣
ӭŷ磬ĽݰַŵĿŶ磬ֱߵߣһ𲢼վ
ĽݿߵİƣǱߵʲôӣ
Ƴһ£žǶׯ߹ӣ·ʱ򶼲ڵӡ
ܸܲҿ
ȥĽݣͷ취·㿴Ҳұ֤ܲܡҿõӳ
뿴㴩·ҿ
ûİ취ӳȥ·ҵˣҴӳ
һƺĽһֱûȥճת˭Ҳû˵Ҳûʲôڴ
Ϣһ磬簲㶫ʱĽݴһװ˵·ˣҲû뵽һ׷ϼ
ͷˣҪǱ֪ô죿
ӦˣҲ÷ڡ
ֻôһ»·ƶžӿһᣬҲͲˣȻһЩǷȱܹӡ
ӳ
ƻðĽݽнŴĽſ˰죬עŰƿЩ
˵Ҿӡ
ĽݷţȷʵѹߵҪһ㴩ӳǰҲҴôꡣ
ûʲô˵ģҪ˵˻ûˡ
ȥ·Ľݸʣô𻻣
Ҫӳһ⣬㡣ƽѾˡ
Ľ˵ʧ䣬Īľͺʧ䡣
(δ)

İٰʮһ ѪҲס

ƴȥ⣬˲˵ĽֻǿӾͺܲ
Ӷʲô
ûȡ֣ǱߺȡֶżЩҲȡ֣˵Ҫ졣һæһ˵
Сأ
ϴ塭
ƳˣӳԺҲӣΪ˸ĸ֪һҵҪԡ
ĽֻǳĬİ֮˵ĵطʲôϡ
ܿˣƵĽݼˣ֪λĽֳ˼ꡣ
˵һЩ
ƵĽ˯ˣ뿪
ΰƵʱ㹻ֻŴеĶȥͻȥˡ
۾ϵĹһڻȥһ߻ζһԹˣǸʲôãȴǣ˯Ҳ֪ܵȥˣΪˡ
ˣúʰ
ƴӴҰɡ
ŭ㻹
Ȼ̧ͷ忴վڶ棬һ㵣ӦѾûߵǰѺӱȥˣһĴӣһ˵˵ΪѪɵģ۹ʹȥҪһʱ䣬Ǿ˾ˣҲʦ˲Σȥһ˵ģˣ
ǻ쵰ˣһ
ûĿ壺үѵû˵ô
ûУ
ǵŰ飬һĽݵѻ𣬲ûʡ
ƿһۣڵʱûźȥ˴ϣ°ıģ˾͸ˣˣ׾͸ˣֿС쿪ʼЦ
Ʋſ˵ȥǲԺжһʱ׼˲ٶģҲ֪ûУ̫ˣû취ϣҪǴˣ
һжתͳȥˡ
Ƶ治֪˵ʲôãǱȻ˵ϵĺöȴϡĺܡ
Źһ۾ͿһˣССʮ
ԺʵҲˣֻЩӳֵ֣Ľǿܹ죬˭Ҳûǰֻǰү˵ˣˣҲûȥš
Ṭˣǰȥ档
Ӷᵽ棬Ӻܴ󣬶á
æҽţҲҶ
Ķڹ忴ܱԣ˼ǰҲ
ӰڷźãԸȥſţԺҲˣŻصЩǰһĴ򿪡
ǰ漸ӶһЩҩҽƷʣµӣһȫ飬ȿľǺ¥ε顣
㿴˼ۣ̹
ǲԾ̡
ƾ֪ϡЩġ
ӣ涼ǺĶľʲôˡ
иСӣС°ĶŪˡ
óźãƲ˺ӣ鷢ˣԭĵײˣʱǺõġ
Ӱ˵ѾһŸӳ˵ˣԺ󲻻ȥˣүԷˡ
ɫȴڿϲ棿
Ȼģĵ⣬˹յʱŻԵģӳһҴˣү
Ʋһڸ壬ſһڣ𣡡
ǵ⣬ģǼģһῪԵġ
š
ӣһȥƳ˵⣬̧һ㣬ֱӸ͵ߣүǲǸˣ
֮ã㲻Ҳ֮¡
סƵֹ˵⣬ż§סĲӣ
˻ΣŰȥϡ
ʱϵ󱦱ı۾ߴ˲صǣ顣
һలҲˣ룬ֻǱ屧ڻﲻ붯ѡ
ḧŰƵӣһʱһ̶᲻÷ſ㰲Ƴ˺ҪŲڣҲñҪʧƵģ۵İ۾ˣҪ̲סİ۾תﲻֵˣ˳Ҫڡ
ƾ֣ܾЩԾ
ôˣǸոꣿ¹Ϊ°Ӹ̣ˣЩġ
ͷһڰƵĶͷЩء
ǲǾ˵ʱѪˣ屾˵־ô¿̲ݻ
Ʋ죺үô֪ģ
ƱʱƵһӣѪƵ˳ϷŵˣѪˮһһζûУ֮Ҳûκεı仯ÿβͬ
ʵɻ󣬶Ҳǵĵط
ǱߵѪҲзӦָѪˣҲסˣ
(δ)

İٰʮ 

Ƴһ᣺µ治֪Ȼˣһ߻ϵΪʲô˵塣
үصģѾͶӳ˵ˣպ󲻹ܷʲô飬ҶٻȥǱߣȻᷢ顣
һΣҪ´ʳˣȥһͷײƻ˵ЩʲôͷľҪײ
֪ˣϢѰƵķ˿£һߡ
ǺЩˣ廹ǵġ
ûˣҪ½үڡƿĻ֪ǵˣ˵Ļﰲ
ţǺ£ѪһζûͻˣһĲѪɫζˮܽܵˣ
Ҳˣ⼸춼ûúϢ˯̤ʵ
ƱӵʥּٰƽĵĲԸ⣬ȴֲòʥּ
ڼտ󱦱ǣаƸŹ˽㹻ˣչˡ
ƳʥﰲƱ屧ţƻڡ
үˣƲʡ
ǰѳֲס忿Űɣʱ۾һ§ŰƵһְİָ
ʲô
ƿһۣȥŰָڰƵͷḧŰƵĶ飬ƵĶ鶼ˡ
¾ƭҪȥŰѹƫ۾ſ
ס忴ѳֵסƵֵͷȥƣ
ģƿֲס̵ĺ˲һᣬƲ̱ĿڹĻ
޾ţ˹ſڰƲ뿪壬뿪ȥ棬ָ߳˹壬˴űȽʽ׼˹ٷ±ϵץСӣв
ϴ·˵£ƻǵá
ϵ˵飬ƿĪе
ֵݸƣַŹȥסһ°ƣ˴ϱһ°ƵѣŴŰ빬
ſ̫Ⱥ˽űȥĵ
μϣꡣһٷ˫ֺüģݼ
ƲԼͬͬķʽݼϵۣμϣꡣ
ϵڸߴһһͣһû
ϵ۴뿪һ̨ߵǰĿӰһЩ
ޡϵ۱˵Щʲôʼյͷڣϵƺǲ֪˵ʲô
Щˣϵ۵׻ʡ
ϣЩˣȰƻش𣬹氲ƻˡ
ϵһãô
֣̿Ҳ̧ͷĶĲ
ϵ˵쵹Ǵĺܹأˣͷ̧ɣҲûʲôر飬ϴλʺơ
ϣбĪ˹ءһϵ۽аƵ֣
ϵһãô޽ʲôҪѣ
˱顣岻ģɫѿĺܡ
Ҳĸеǣ黢ԹͲҶŸˣƴʱãʵʵĺЩ
޶£ʲôϵûһ۹壬תƣҪã۹ֻ˼ա
Ƣ޿Ǽǵء
м˵ˡ
Ÿһͬ˲񡣡
Ƶû˵£ʱҲȥ壬ֻõͷһԡ
Ҳشϵۿʢ˵һȥл˵
ֱģʱָ˭
ƸոָĲã뿪ңˡǲߡ
ϵȻǾ͹ɣ
ˡ
ŰƾߣƼæ˵ˡ
ϵҲֻǿһ뿪ˣδ
ŰƼæС鲽ӸŹߣɫ·ŷ硣
ʣôˣ
죬ȥֱſڣɫҪˡ
˸յ˹ſڣС̫Сܵ׷Ҫƽּ
Ͱͣ£С̫սսʥּ
ˣʵگԻʺһ޲ߣֻش֮ܣ޹һԷտʺմˣ
ּε
һסҪȥּİƣŵС̫æģū
ƺһ꣺үǽһסĸǱߣ
š
ŸƻּС̫˵ϿͣҪ̳ȥð飬СѾȺʱ
ʲôɫѿŵС̫һ¡
һ֣үǺ⣿
ô֪һС̫С̧뿴ҿְͷˡ
һ⣬С̫æѣ롣
үһ¹ӣ忴ۣһÿĵķ
ѹţԺ
(δ)

İٰʮ ǽж

תȥ˹⣬ȷʵ棬屾ѻ˵ȥ죬һȥС̫ʹ˸ɫʾϿš
æȥűϾһξ룬밲ƲȳȥѾˣתͿƺ˹ſѾһ֮ģү
һŭƾҪţȥߣѾֹu͵λã㲻ȥĻָˣҲ֪ûһ졣
һסȭͷתŭƱ
㣬㣬ǰЩһǲĹˣ˷ֿҲȡοڹγǰȫ
ͷת棬š
ƣ࣬ŵ˭Ƶġ
Ҳôˣصţүȥɣ˳ȥĸ밲үϣҲ
ʵЩ˸Ļϲ⣬Ը˭Ըˡ
һ᣺ȥľǱߡ
Ƶͷһ֪ˡ
ŷ뿪
ŹѾתС̫࣬ĺС̫ϰС̫ŵһ£æŹ򵹵ġ
ūҲǷ¡
ƿſ޿С̫࣬ҲûΪ˵ɣˣ
С̫һ£̧ͷƿС
˼һС̫վæŰָ˰ƣūŸ·
һѣˣǰ·
С̫ǰȥš
һ·Ʋʣ֪ôģ
С̫ոյĵԭȵС̫Ϊ£֮ŵһˣ£ˣҲ£
һ˵æߵǰƾŻذƵĻϽ˵عţϥǲô
С̫һ޳ǴСͽˣȴûǸӹĹǵ
⹬̫ˣǵһֻϡ
ƵⷬжıӶˡ
л
С̫˵Ų˲ᣬҲ֪Ӳù
ˣúøڻϵߣġĻҪ칫治ˣǻϵҪ˵ģڻϵ߰Ѳ°ãڹͷ϶ǺܳԵÿġ
ūû֡С̫̲סᣬ̾˿·ǿˣǺûϢġ
ƿˣʣԭǸ˭ģ
칫С̫æŻء
Ǹ칫ģ
ǣԭȸ칫ĸĸǲһģ칫ȥѡʱ˵£Ҳԣߵ̣˵պźϣ˵ʹ˲֪һȥˡ
ǰЩ칫˷ֵ˷ǹһٵ¹һʣµҺһɵ˻ź
ԭǸ˾Ͳˣȥûñˡ
С̫˵̲סͬУڻǰȷʵΣա
ҲˣǸһأ죬ֻ֮֮ҪһΪŻ룬ǻеġ
С̫æŲ˲᣺ūűֱŵģŭ˻ϡ
ڣլʺ񣬰ѰշŵϣʱҲᱻһС̫ŭģ㻹ֵȥ㡭ֻҪľźϣܻûϲġ
ţ칫ǱôģͰѻϵ칫ТͳˡǷθ֮ԣû뵽ǽжһֱš
С̫Ҳû֣˵ǵǣ칫ÿնǶ
ҲҪģȻʹͣҲ£⹬ﶼˣûг˵ϻ֪ˡ
ʵĸãһСˣһȥٵ¹ٵ¹Ǳ߻ȥ٣ȻӹУӺòãҪϵģʹǸָϵġ
ǰǸһȵġ
˵ʺǱߣѵʺϵģϹȥǹѵͨô
Ҫиʲô£ȥʺʹٲġ
ģҲΪҾƶҪһЩӸﲹһЩʹͣûȥҲΪˣڵ㡣
С̫еæŵͷ
˵ǵãˣˣǸʹͶ˵ЦЦҲ̰ģͲˡ
˭ӣҲڻǱߵģʲô¶Ҫ߻ϡ
ǻߵˣҪѧŻϣŻϣϾڲ֪ܻ֪ĵġ
˻ߵūžҪڻϡ
һͲ̶Ϊū֮
㻹ᣬ칫Ҳû̵ǣպӣһҪӲС
ӽΣպҪΪء
ȻĹض࣬Ҳ࣬δӣľǺӡ
㿴칫֪ˣ϶Σ
С̫Ļϲ϶칫أ
ǲˣ㻹ѹʲôʲôԽԽ׳ʱľԼúгͷ֮յġ
ū֪ˣл㣡С̫ˣһ̧ͷˣŵһ£ͨһ͹ˣӶʪ͸ˣ
(δ)

İٰʮ ǻ

ūţūŸūŰɣС̫ŵֱ¡
תϵۣæȹڹˣϣˡ
Ҫǹôôûûĵ֪ĵءϵ۱ŵСֱ̫£ͷ󺹣Ʒ쳣ƽ
ˡ֪ˡƿͷ
ϵʣˣ
˵
Ȼ֪˵Ͳ˵㣬޸ôͷ㣿
ϲҪɱͷҪӣͷվɡܲҪɱͷ
ϵۺЦ˵ĺ
޿ϳȥҹȱУϵۿС̫࣬ҧҧ촽֪˲ǳ
Ĵǳ˵Ϸҹ򳼰ɡƨ۵°ƶҧͷ˵ȥĻóȥˮҲûİ취
ϵۿ۶߶µС̫ࣺѡһɣӣ
ūС̫౾˵˵ûӦˣ۷
ϵ˵ɣȥϴϴɾϸɾ·ĵź򣬱쵣ҪˣǰһС̫౻ˣѲ޻Ҫȥ
С̫඼ɵˣϵ۷
æ˵һȥ·źϣ
ǡūȥС̫ܣϵۿһۣߵǰַŰҪƵȥԼлվ
лϣ
һƬûʲô˱˵лץߵˣƴ˿̵ֱԱ
ϵۿ˿Χˣ߰ɣ޻ȥš
ϵûҰƵ鷳Ҳ࣬һ·ϵۻĵ
һ·˺ܶ飬úõĻܵſ
ⲻǺô
˵ȥҲûŰɡ
ĵϵ۷Ը˰͵ĵС̫ҲѾæź
ȫڣϵ鰸ǰվţŵʳС̫æȥ˽
ȥţæţһ˲κˡ
꣬С̫æŰʳ͵Ƶߣ˳ȥ
Ź˴ţһ̲ҵĶΧ
ưʳз£ʳķһİڷų
ϣҪȥ̫밲¡
˵ɣպú˵¡ϵĿֱͻͻҲ֪ʲôˡ
°ɡ
ϵ°ӷŵǱߣ¡
ϴְɡƼľͲתˣ֪Ǻãôڡ
ϵ֪ǰɾˣһĵ棺ȥɣ˳ѺҲ
ֻȥ˺棬ϴְûùĺϴϴš˴ϵۡ
ϵֲ˲ƣƻȥϴɾɹá
һ£С̫ȥſˣС̫ĽɫҪźϵţ
վһߵţϸƽʱ칫ôźϵŵġ
ɡ
ϵʾ⣬ƳɣˣţŰɣ
ϵĸкЦɲʵ°ɡ
ƿſڣ¡
ϵʣ칫ô
ڻָֻǾ񻹲Ǻܺãǡƻ˻ȥϵ۰ƣһ˸Ʒ¡
ϧùãϵһƣҲ
ȷʵˡ
⵶ӶȴϲģӲ
ϵ۵һ̾
ƿƱһƣæʣôϰ컹Ⱦôȥ
ͷҧһ޴롣
˼Ҳ˵˻
ϵЦĸŨˣ£û˿ٺһ㣬ƽղȾƣֻرӲŻСһˣͲҪȥ˵ˣø֪
ǡ
ҲҳԶϵʣôԣ¶
ֻóԷϵۿСӣúЦˡ
ƽǰҲˣ
ǡƲ˵
Ƕû˼һЩûˣյıۣ
Цƭɣ˭ţ
˳˷Ʋæ˵һȥվš
ǲżƢиˣԭƲġϵ̧ͷƣ˵ǣ˵Ҳ˵
ôţϵ۷ȷˡ
͵޴˰ɡ
̧ͷ͸ϻɺһæŻӦҡ
ϵҲͰ˵ЩʲôָָϰƿԵۡ
ûȥ
ϣǻϡ
Ҫ㿴㿴ɡϵ۲ݾܾ
Ϊѵۿˣϴǻ֣β֪ʲô
˰סǻ֣
(δ)

İٰʮ ԽȨĴ

һĿֱͻͻ͸˸¹˲࣬֡
ͷһǧӡ
һЦϣ
ôСֵģϴεѾˣڹȷʵûʲôˣȴûе
ˣһغĴæʡ
ϵ۵ͷˣӱˣ
ϣ˭ôĵӣˡƱһžҪ£ϵһס֣ϵ۵ĸǰһ£
һ
˭벻ھ˹ôĵӣ˭ĵô
ϵָָ棺°ɣ޽¡
ϣү֪Ʋû˵
ϵ˵֪ܲôƹܵʡ㵱ǺŪ˵ģ
û˵֪ϵۻ˵ˡ
ϵۿ۰ƣŭһЩ˵Ǵ¡
֣ʡְģȻȥǸץ˻
ֵҪģһ˻ȨŵģֻҪҸϣòˣһ𾪣µĵҲ̫ˣֵӶҿŲš
˵ǣѾˣԴʼ˱㿪ʼˣԼ˸вʡƻֻЩδȥʣֵȴԹˡ
֣ΪΣ
ƼǵãǺ͹װƢ󣬶û
ϵ۲δ˵Ժ︡ľ
Ϊľޣ
ľ޽ѾжʱˣʱҲǸ޵һޣľǱûжȻҪżˡ
ΣϻǲףӻҪ˱š
ϣ»ȥҴ˵ĺãȻҪϵȥľ޵Ļ˵
ľ޲ϲϵۣ֪ġ
ϵݸһЦ޻ȥľˣҪô˵ô
ǻϸ˵£֪ʲô˼
˷ܹƵĶݣƲȥԡ
ܾ̾϶첻ɵ飬ȥҲУϻջسΪѳˡ
ô죿ϵʵİһ죬㷴ӦûС
ϵ޲ϣκһҪЮ
ϵתŰƣϻֵ鳼а취ǡ
˵
ȷʵԽ˾ı֣²ڰһүû˵£үΪѰ˵飬ʱ򲻶ԣڻ߹ؽʿҪǮϱ߻ŰҪ׷үһҪһ
֮Ȱǰˣȥˡ
˵ҲڳһֵԭȳΪΪϰ׼ģڿѵúǸ׼ģòñ㲻ǡ
ؼľޣЩȴżܰ¡
룬ȱľӣĪֱӴȥ֣һ˿Ѻ̰б˽ҡ
ΪްӸƿǻ޵ġϵһƣеĽ١
˵ʲô˭ڹſڱһֱץˡ
ҡ
˵ȥＯǰֻҪٳＯһǧ㹻ˣڿǸԭȶһǧѾ⣬˰˰ȥ֣ʹ˵㣬¿̲ݻ㡣
ϣǻϣѵͲֺݵ㣬˭ѺľͰ˭ˣӳͰİ죬а쵽ϵʱ򣬾Ͳ£
޵ľ˾ˣ°˻ǰԼôĸ޻ҪҪˣ
ֻ̾ϢֻܳＯˣô㣿óĻＯģ
ô֪ϵôһ˵ƻǾñǱ˵ĸо
ˣϷģᾡӳＯǳھͻȥＯӡưͲȥȻ۵ĵѪ뿪ʹʲôǿ£룬Ҫһǧ
ϵ۷żˣˣһ˳Ҳģ°ɣ㣬һͬȥ
ƲּۻۣӦˡ
ϵ۽С̫ų˷ˣȥ鰸ǰʾⰲĥĥϵд˸̾֡
ƿŶ֣Ȼ뷨˵
ֺôϵʰơ
ã۵Ļţǲʺϸ˰ǰ󣬰ķУһ¶ѶԷɱˡ
ϵһЦţ
ƺǺ⣬ϵʾⰲʰˣ¿ʼۣվһվţϵۡ
֮޻˵ʡİʲôӦˡ
ֱϣϵ۲æ꣬ʣµϵۿһۣơ
ƿɫȥ̫밲Ҳ˳ϵۡ
ȥϵоˣҲ˵ʲôֻϵơ
˴ĵϵ۰ڼݷǹһ壬ȥ﹬
(δ)

İٰʮ ܿƵ

ǹѾƵƣǹĳȣ߹ŴɫĵڹҲǷֵȼģҲֻлʺķǹܹҡ
ǵɫͬ
ʺһ𣬻ʹһ𣬹һһһ
ʺǴʹǺĵΪÿǳһЩ
ȺܳǰٶףǹλӺ֮ס
һ·ƾù죬һ˶ûУϵ۳вǵǸȥвٵĹ˰ڼݣֻС̫ࡣ
μϡǹ˳ȥһء
ɣʺأϵѯʡ
ϣʺոо
ϵۿһ۰нȥš
˷ǹ޹ȿı°õķãﰲ÷ã
еʧ״̬
ϵ۽űȥ˷õĶ棬ǱӣӵǻʺƳ޹
ʺˡŮȥƳƳŰķ£ӷ
վһߣƳæŰݼμʺ
ʩˡƳ˵ȥϵǰ˸ӡ
Ҳû˵ˡ
ϸƳһŵ·ͷʲôζûֻͷױҲûУ˸ݡ
޽ڷǹ֪ʺԸ⣿ϵ˵ֱģҲϲȥʱ
ղ㣬ˡƳܾǰмĲͬ⡣
ϵۿƣսʺһڹоһ
Ƴͷ˿ƣ밲ƹȥ
Ŀ겻ƽʲô£
ȥŻʺ£Ʊ㲻
ƳʣοԵ
Ǻ֮˵ȻʵҲֻ˵
ƳŰƿȥΪأ
ûΪΣĳֽǶȿһԴԵһᣬԴϻᣬǵõ
ô򵥡
ƳŰ˼ⲻϵҲͣмֵЦЦ
Ƴʣ֪𷨣
֪һЩҷţƼ
ƳϽãҷţ
֮еǷҵһзţǧ
й£з࣬ţƶ̰֡
˵·ؾ飬ӳֵ
ǻʺѧ֮
ϵ΢΢񣬻ʺƳҲš
ǱȻûдȴǴĴ󡣡
ΪΣƳ⡣
˵磬ޱߣÿط˵ǷϣϣˮУߡ
ڼҷĸǷ𣬳޷Ƿ𣬶ŮǷֵܽǷ𣬷ޱߣ
ʺǷ𣬻Ƿ𣬼ǳҲǷ𡣡
˵ҵǲˡƳ˵ͷŰơ
Ҳ֣Щ֪ոĻ澹Ȼ
ǻʺ°ɡۣ;һʼ˵
ƳƣǿŰơ
һ֮ΪνأΪʲôܳΪأȻйˡ
һӣ˵ʱ˯һμһʷΪμࡣ
˵ȥȣǷȥȥȡ
һ䣬뷲䣬úһλ־ɳǣػԣÿڿҿңλʼϳ
תۼѹ˵;ƿ֮ʱ
ǰһʢ֮࣬Իȥˣ
˵ʲôƳ㵣롣
˵б޴Ǵ˱˱Ǵشλı£ְĸ£ΪϹ󹬣ΪŮΪʡ
ǿĺƽǻʺţŮӸЧ£ӰܣҪɥ־ˣ
Ƴ⣺ӻɥ־ŮӺθɣ
ȻйϵıΪ޶ӹĺЩ߹ؽʿΪǵйַ޶
ţӾսɳҲû˼ƼҲͲԶˡ
ҷ𡭡
ҷǺܴȱҷ𲢷˵ŮӲܴӷ򣬲δ˵Բ˳ıš
ƹŷȻǺãԵδˣ¾ŷô
֮أֺαذ⳾ķ׷Ŵأ
ʲôĽᣬĪ罫Ľ¡
±ǳȫȫԼҲȫ˱ˣǳȫ¡
Ƿӵһ֮ɶô
ˣǷǷµĶȴİ޾뷲䣬γһУ
һУгֹˣγһȻأ
ȻһȻгֹ˶⳾С
б޶Ǽ࣬ǻ֡ⳡеıϾ֮·ҷȱһпѣϣʺħҷȻſຣǼ֣
(δ)

İٰʮ ϵ۵֮

ƳסϵۿŰȴ˼
֪տɷңƳعæѯʡ
֪Σƿϵۡ
Ҳ°ɡϵۿ˿˷裬ԭϵ뿪ֻ߰ӲͷƤƳҹ̸
Ƴܶ࣬ƿƳļٵģҲȥ͵Ǵʱˡ
Ƴ˵˴ϣ˲ſ˯š
ϵۿƳ֪˻ʺģֻϣʺܿһЩ
Ƴһ᣺ϸϢˣʱˣźϢ
ϵۺȻЦһ£վ˫չƳȥ
Ƴߵϵ۵ǰʼ¡
ϵסƳ֣֪ԻʺԸģ
ϣҲˣҲģ
ϵ۵ͷŰַſƳΪȥϵ¡
ϵƳһ·ߵƵ߸Ƹϣתصš
ϵ˵һЩ˸ոʶʱ飬Ƴһֱ˵ʱƳ˵ϣ¿ʼɣ檡ú̷ϣ
ϵ۵΢΢һͣԭѾ׼˯ˣ۾ƳǸӰɣ
Ƴԥһ᣺ϲѾ
ôһ޲˵ѵ㻹ô⼸ʺѾޡơϵۻ˵ƳˣϵȻ˵
ǰȥ§סʵ޺ܺڿͷչֻҪʱⷦģôܺȣ
Ӧһͬʣ룬ľҲôţܹǲãЩһֱѻϿú󹬵Ӷǳ檴ˡ
òйΪ檣檺ܺڣôԲϵ飬޶Ϊ檻ķô꣬檡
Ƴϵ̴Ӵˡ
޲ãޣ޵Ķˣ޹㡭ϵһ»ʺ󣬻ʺæŶ㿪ˡ

ϵӴȥƳһãȻϵƳȥ档
峿ʱ򣬷ǹֻмҹС̫໹źƳĹŮʺϵ۱׷׹¡
ϵ۾ͽƫűȥ˴ϡ
ƳЩţϵƳ°ͣѾܾû嶯ҪʺˣʺԸ⣿
Ƴûлشϵ˵ǻʺӦҪӵ飬ƭ޵ģ
ǣֻǲ
ϵ۲Ƴ˵꣬Ѿ·⿪ƳŤӶˡ
ϵۿ۴¹⣬¹ϸ֪ʺֻжʱӲŻ졭
ƳԼ檹ȥ
˵޶֪

ûˣʱ߸ʱаƽתϣȥˡ
ƽ˻ߵС̫࣬˳С̫ʲô
ūСӣ칫ĸɶӡ

ƿСӣҲãúõˡ
˵ˣ˭֪˹ſھͿϵ۳һֲ̿
ϵ۴һλεۣߵſתƣæǰ񣺡μϡ
ƱŵϵûǲӦ
ϵߵǰɡ
лϵ˵ߣľҪ
ϣżȥϰ¡
һʱϵУֻøȥ
Ҳûȥʲôطߣֱ͵˹ſڡ
ҲʲôʱŴ򿪣Ѿˡ
ϳˡƿϵû뿪ˡ
Űϣžðġ
ϵۿ뿪תŻȥ
ƻصʰܼңܼæŻأû
˹氢ȥȥ˼ӣı˱ףźͰ˵˴˰ֵǮ顣
һ֣µû˵ȥ
㲻ȥڼҿǼŮȥ˳ƽһЩ£ƽһ£˳׼ˣķ˲óԣԲߡ
ƽæȥ£ƷԸ׼ԡܾùҪԡ£ڡ
ԹҲˣźＯǮ顣
һɵˣһǧ
һǧֻǳ㡣
㣿͵˱ŵĿĿơ
Ƶͷ˵ԭȵӿ˰˰ӶȱһǧǲԻҪһЩ
ⲻ԰Ǳ˰˰ǰѰ˰Ｏ˸ǣǲͿˡͲ⡣
ƿȳＯӣһԱʱ֮裬鲻һ죬үѾûٺ»ˣô
ͳһ˲ְҲмûõٺ»ˡ
(δ)

İٰʮ 

ˣһֱＯӣһһ겻پǮˡ
ٺ»ʲô
˰յ˰գ͢ûʲôԴֻܶˡ
͵ͷȷʵˡҪ֪ô
£ƱĻһӾ͹ˣף»գˮݡ⻰˵ͲЦ̫ʵЦƽԵһ¡
ӣǮׯ
ƿƽֿĿİǧˣֵֵ
һ֣̿ͷֵֵ̫ˣ
ƽ˼ͷЦЦ
һ죺Ҳֵ
ţࡣҲһºˡ
ƲȤˣͣأ
ҪĻＯĵֻҪһЩˣӣӦѾ˴ˡ
ţ˵ûȷʵѾ˴ˣֻҪǰæȥ¡˵վ
ܷԸְΨǴӡ
һȥһ̫ϣͷ͸ŹȥǲǴ˰Ǳֵӿˣ²ǲ뱻ŪҲ뿴ǲôĵӡ
ְ
ƿƽƽȥ죬취ҵˣˣǲǴ˿ӣһȥ̽ȥ̽ޱ£һʧֻȷˣǮõģ
̾Ϣһ˵ôӣǲĵġ
ƽ֪ӷġ
ƽӦȥ棬Ҳȥ̫
̫˵ǰˣϵķæųӭӣϴε飬˶԰ʮֿףһ·밲ȥ˾̫鷿
̫װѹȥڶܻ̫ףǷ˹һġ
롣̫һɫӣǻŽأڼҵı㲻ôˡ
񵽣̫
ˣϷɲҵɡ
ˣͲˣִ٣̫һ˵ɡ
̫ҲˣȻ⼸ճ͢ûôϱ߻ֵ飬ͷˡ
ȥɡ̫ˣͺ;̫ĸ棬Ƴž̫˵
̫ͷϷǿ԰æȥȻҪʴ£ģϷԵϾ
̫˵ҾȻ˴˴ǿżɽĹ̫æ
ƻ˵ˣ̫Ƿ飬Ȼܲܡ
ϷڹȥʡǱ߿ǲǵ汻ˡ̫˰ƱȥʡǱߵڡ
ھɶķš
̫ȥһʱص̫ϰѵĽ߰ơ
ȷд£ǻ˵ӻ㣬ˡ
̫ү£֪Щ͹ˡ׸˼Ҳܸ飬Щ֪̫ಢ޺ôҲ֪
̫ǸˣͰƳȥ
ǰļһ£̫ҪһЩͰͷɣ֪̫жͷ
̫ȥ۵һĨ⣬Ҳûİڣİ١
Ȼˣҿÿһɣ̫Σ
ࡣ̫ͷ漴˵ƱƱдվݣ˱뿪ˡ
ŰһȻа취
ǼžǸж˿ڡ
ǰʮң˿ǧ˶˵ˣϵӣһٶӣһǧĹ㣬˵ģЩǲ
һ࣬취ˣʵڲȥҶձôҲǿġ
ʣµôҲҪǮЩˡ
⵹ǣҲҪǳûǮһ㵹˵ˣƿһͣҲٶ˵
漴ȥ˴˵ĸ
˷ӭ˰Ƶľ֮˷мӣѰƷΪϱ
ǸŽţ˵ҪＯһЩӵ顣
˷˲⣺ΪҪＯӣ
ʵҾ뿪һҽѧԺǾĴ򲻶࣬һЩԭҺľʱӦһ˭֪㲻ü棬ҽ̫밲ʱû̫󷴵ľˣ˵ң˵ûӣ˵˸ǣҪá
ʣɷһЩ
֮԰ľˮΪ֪˸ľޣ˵Ҳľܹ뵽ġ
Ȼ˷ȻЩΪѣȴΪѰŮԭ»ǴӦˡ
Ҫ٣
ЩΪѣ˵ҵǿԱ֤ҽѧԺǮ˸˹ȥѡ
ǲˣ֮ϵľޡ˵ɡ˷˳죬ƱҲڿ
ʹ˸жͷ
ڡ
ǲͷÿһӣ̫Ǹôġ˵˷˱Щ뷨ˡ
(δ)

İٰʮ 

ҺҶŮڹʹľ޵ƷҪߣϻ̫ǱߣܺᣬҲ˾̫ǡ
Ӷ˵ࡣ
ɣ٣̫˶࣬ÿһҵĹ㣬̫Ҫó࣬ǲˣô˺󣬲ÿóҽ˷һ¾Ʊ
Ȼãл˷ˡ
ܿ˷ٶʮˣӣ˷͵Ƶ
иˣҪдһվݡ
뿪˹˸ƿһۣȥĵطССĴԹƶһ飬װҲȥˣȻ˵ûǮҲҲһͷһͷĶͷٵٸǮˣǮǶһᡣ
һһ£ӻܶࡣ
һˣڽԺȹ壬ҹŻһԺҶӷ׷ɣŵһѪȣһȥҹ壺ôôŪѪȣ
ŪˣҪϴϴҪߣ̰סɨȷû£Ʋŷ˹塣
ʱһƣ룬æȥϴϴ
·Ըϴ˳˵
˵˵ҪѺȥ죬֮ϱߵĻ֣ӵƶģաҪȥһˡ
үȥɣӵһᴦ
š
޽ţԼǱϢ
޶ˣ˴´Ϣˡ
ϰѾˣæڳＯӵ飬ҲͣЪＯӡ
ӳＯĲలƲȥȰǷóҪҪӵġ
Ų룬ĵĺȲ衣
Ҳżžǡ
һ߳˽ǳһ
ӸʱûУǰջٱΪӵ飬㾡оһǧȥڱ˵ʮҲûС˲ش
ƵҲ⣬ٳٲ֣ϵ۵ǰҪ֡
ƶ򿪸Ӵ˴Ҷһڷ¡
˼ǣǷŵǮǲˣƿŶʣҪǮҲûʲôɺѵġ
Ų贵˴˵ȷʵҲûӡ
ûеҲ˵ֻǷҪٸҴһšҲ
ʣô򣿡
ʹϰϢտͳˣʮӣϢĻʮÿǧϢ
ɫ˳ǷŸ˭ҵǮôգ
˵ǮׯôյģѾȥ׵ˣҲżһµЩż
վˡ
վ߽ƣ㡣
˶ұԸӦʣǰս˻ʺ£ҲòӦұӦˡ˵һ꣬˷ͷˡ
лֱ˵Ǹӣʲô¸ɾ䡣
˸ӾͰ˼ˣƿסĶ˵ʺ£һǶãڶƶĻ£ʺ˼ǣҪƶҺúø㿴ʲôԭûϢ
ϴεĶؿܻû㿴ءһߡ
ŰƣʱҪȢˣ
Ȣ鲻˵ģǻʺиҵģҪ˵һ˻ʺ󣬾˵ԸɡҲ˷Щˡ
ةฮλֻƶĸҲϲҪǻ˻ʺ󣬻ʺȻˣĴźܸߣةฮʲƵġŪˣҲ֪ʲôͷȻƶʡ
Ȼϲƶһ뵽ƶô˽ϲأ
ƾ˼ˡ
ࣺ˶Ҫѱ
үƶǾǵһŮ
ʲôϡٸһסɫԽѿ跴ִ˲ƣ
⣬ʵ̫ҲʹңұϾӣ̫Ҳǿˣ㲻һڵ᧿ΣȷʵϾˣȿҲáƵĻҲмͬ˵ͷ˲ʹ˹ʶ
ްƺ޵ֱܸð̣ۿ˾ôϵˣȻ˵һ£ǰЩһ𣬱ðһլӣڿϱߵĻȴѣҲһ˽˰ռࡣ
Ҳֻ࣬һˣȸȥðɡ
˵ȻǸˣʣ
Ȼ޵ĲУ䲻˺˼һתҹ˶ڿܣҲ˲٣
(δ)

İپʮ Ҫ˻Ķ

ڶӣź˵˼£˶ҽרųＯӵģոǸ㿪˸ЦĿֻҪЩӳңûƶ¡
Ц£Ҳôġ
㲻𣿡ʣһ֣Цá
֣Ҳ˹˸˵ˣڳＯӣ˵Ҫȥҽݣү˵ҽ飬ϸ֪ϱߵĻ֡
ү˵ԭȹѾȥһǧүܷ޵ģôӾûˣ˶ʮֺ档
һǧӿɲСĿƽ޹ʵľûˡ
˵˿ˡ
˭ôĵӣҡ˿Χˣ˰֣˶ȥˣʵҲֻмˣȥ棬վһ
ʣ˵ˣ
һ֣ô֪ģ
ɫЩڣ˵ġ
˭˵ģ
۾ԲҪ˵Ҿ͸ûһ˵˵ġ
ô֪ģˡ
ȥǸôǰʱ䲻ҪǹѰһôôˣһЦʲôԡ
ţʣְΣ
ѰѣʲôҲֱֱȥ˵ڶﰢֻǸѣ޹Ů
ɽвİɣû˵Ǹܼµɡ
ͷ˻㲻˵Ϸ˵ѵõʵˣҲдٵģֻﲻʺڳ͢ıʹԶôһ¡
Ϸ˵ҴǺˡ
ôźǱ۸ʵˣڳսӣأ˿ʲô˵ʲô
һ룬ô£ɫЩ̫ˡ
Ǹպ˸ݰô⣿
ҲԺͲˣ㿴κִǹǸĹүǺúõģϴҼʱͺеף
ɫԽѿǲһĹүȻ޸֮ĹүȴһȻһ򵱹Ī֮£ǲһ
˵ˣʲôûһ䣬ֲõԤУôҪ
һôȥ˻顣
ɵɵʣ£
ţ£ʲôҪ¡˵ǲҪȴ࣬һɱǻȥϷ˸״˵䣬ʱԲ˶ߡ
æҲ̫ǲʱ䣿þǴˣȥ
ƽʱҵĺöûٸ㣬ˣʲôѣ
ױŭˣϵȥҰ㣬˵ʲô£
һ˳嶯ʱҲ˲ˡ
û˵ʵȥֽǮ
ĬҪ棿
ŮӿǵСҪҸһȥ棬ȫ⡣
ԶͶ԰˵Ӹе棬ߣˣôԽԽɵˡ
ǽ˶£Ҫȥ˻飬治֪ʲô
˵˴ŵʣô˵ڻӣ
š
ô࣬񾩳ǸóӵĶˣҲ֪ﻹˣȻǮһǧƽʱ˷ѵѾòˡ
˴ʱҲʼģϵǵļ࣬˱˭⡣
ڷȥƵǱֵеͷʹˡ
һߺŲ裬ֹ֣غǵ飬Ҳġ
µĵԽԽˣȻˣҪлᣬһⱲס֣һ䡣
Ƶм⣬ƢС
ӵ⡣ǹܲЩˡ
ʣǽȥŪܲڳȥŪҪǱ֪ˣඪˣЦǴӿ衣
һҪ룬ɣҲˣҪ뵽˰취㣬ǸӵģǺͶһãЧһЩ
ҩƿ͸ˣЩ˼µл
ʣҩܶ
һô࣬ȻĽܾǰƱʲôöˣȻôһӡ
Ҳ
ƿһ۶㵱ôأһҪȥ˹ŹأôҪ߼ιŹأһΣմҪҾͰ취
һ˵ܾ̾ˣˣһˡ
ʱ飬ڼ죬϶ܱѣÿ˱ͷһ߿ޡ
ĺԸӡ
һ¾͵ͷ죬̧ͷ˵ӡ
һ죬ĿھͨͨĿ˫۶벻ĿõӣҲݣ뿪ȥˡ
˵ҩߣţ֪ܲã
Ŀ϶á죬һ뵽˵ʺҪ׵鲻ģﾹЩ
ʣҪȥԣ
ûлӦ˾ߣ˸˹ȥʮֲãոżȥʲôطȥʲôط
˺̧ͷ
Ҫ£ˡҲǸˣһżҪʲôʱʲô˲ˡ
(δ)

İپʮһ ɵɸ

תţ˱һסӣȥ
ȥ˶ȥġ˽ţ˱¶ҩƿһһȥ
ͷϣ±˵°˹ȥһ£ҩЧܿ죬úȣ˶Ȳȣ
˵ͷȫ̡
ʣ²᱾֪ΪΣ
Щ֪룬תȥˡ
˶ǲǱʲôطĲԣ㲻⣬ѾÿտʼúˡΪĺú¾ѧһλүΪ¡
Ǵ¡˲֪ô˵
ʲôЩǡ
תүǻž
һ£Щ֮λش
˵Щÿ˵ҷҪʣ֪ôˣֻҪүһ𣬶ү;ԭһԾżҾͲ
˶Ǳȷʵ˲õ£ֵñȥϲ˶㲻˼ŵˣܲϣﻹӰӡ
˶޶ģ
ˣ˶ҪƽЩʲô
ҲίһƣҲƽϣƫƫºԼȥ
Ҳһ뵽ﻹžͲ
һߣʼ
ֱոմӽҲǰѰ͵һ·׼ȥҶӦ˼ҵ飬Ͳܲ
棬һ£һɫѣģЩ
ӽкң
ţ㣬·ܺÿģǰò·ȷʵ
ͷƽ͸ҵģÿô
ÿи뷨ƽһԡ
߰ɣȥֽתŰ뿪˺ܿɰµĵط»¡
̧ͷһʶ㲻ǴǸ׶ĴȻֽǮ
ɵñߣŽ˹»£˹»棬˳ѯʲôҪʲô顣
ǹˣҽжǽȥһвĵɣ˵ˣЩ顣
Էһæ˵ɴδŵɷˣ
ƵģѿĲС
˵ȥɡ
ɲڣѾظˣǹ»ƹܼƽʱ綼ٵĻˡ
ȥ
תˣȻŶһȥɲĵļ
ɸŵˣɸļɸȫͬ鸮ȶҪɡ
㿴ɸô
Ҳ𾪣ôõլӣҪ̰۶ӣССһɣǸƷ٣жٺ»ЩͣʹģҲ޶ȡ
Ǻúù۲죬в³ç
šȥţܿ˳ʣǣ
Ŷģô
˳ŶһۣȻʶ˵˵ģǹĸǰոոպ׵ˡ
Ժȥͨתˣûɴ漱Ҵҵ˳ĳӶ
ͲˣôɵլӣҲãײôõ
һ̴ӭ˫ֽʮȶŶϹ˫۷ֱһĮ
ҽյöðѣ˵δ죬ˡ
˵ű㳯ɸȥһЩֿǹô
ҡͷǣˣǶż棬յ֪δƫţұ˴˹
ǿǹͣ롣Ŀ˵ȴܿ죬æкţͷ˽ȥ
˽űȥǰ˷裬һڲ裬оҶõĺܣֲܺĸҲࡣ
Ҳһڣ²뿴˿ΧվҺͰеҪģ·æ͵еˣվȸˣҪʱ㡣
æ˵ãŶȥˡ
ԶһЦЩûɸӶˡ
ү˵СĸǽжүǮƲ©ġ
ʲô⸮ۡӼģ˭˵֣
תĽţԶİͶ˻ǽ⣬һʱҲȥҪҳǾһȥ
Сģ
ãǽϣ¶磡
(δ)

İپʮ Ҫɹͷү

׼ϢˣͶһصȥѰָ
£¿ŰͶˣǰ龭߰ơ
һᣬƽЦˣӣûӣӾˡ
ûûӣӾˣƽ̰ŹӲ֣Ͷ˴ӽ͹ˣѺȥϱ߻֮أȡӣƽƽҪ;չʳ͹£ҩģĻȥϵ߹̷Ȱʳչ
ƽ·;㣬һȥҪʮʱ䣬ʱִ٣δб䣬Ҫȥһˡ
ǡƽӦʡ
ƽСѻߣʲôºϵ
ӷģһסƽתȥ棬Сٻˣȥš
ƽͶһκҪ໥֣Ҫƽʱǲǵģֲ㣬ǼǵҪ˼ǣһҪСİ¡
ߵˣҪ˵Ķ飬ʱϢϿٸ·ҪصĹٸø֪£Ҫǲ֪ȥǱߣ֮Ȱã㣬ƽȵ֣Ҫƽ
֪ˡ
Ͷֱȥ׼ϰˡ
ǱһҪȥ֣˶ûѡϣѡ˶ѾͷǺܴĿ϶Ȼ˺
ļӣǹ̫ˣÿԭһʵòû˵һ룬ҪǸʮһͷʮҲòָʮ˵ǺѲŴˣʱ򿪵ûһģϷ˲ˣƽ̫ͣ˲ãдЩ취ӸԲϡ
ľͲ˵ˣΪ룬ôҲ˺
ѡٱ뺷ĽʿϷѵ涪ˣҪǶˣͱˡ
Ͱҹ˳ǣƽȥ˿󱦱һҲߣ󱦱ƽޣЦ
ƽܿСǺúõġƽҪߣ
ƽת󱦱ǺЦƽ߻ȥҲǺǵЦҲЦ
ôЦС壬İ۾ȥƽһƽƽպþ͵ͷʱ
СѻȻתƽŷɵƽļϣС忴
ƴʱ٣ƽͺӵ𣬻Щġ
˵Ѿͷ·Сģ
ݱ𽫾·ˣһ̳ӾƣҪ̰ÿֹȺһСӡ
һ꣬ҪߵƽЩ᲻á
˺Լɡ˰֣ʾƽߡ
ƽ˸ӣת뿪
֣⺢ӸÿζԱ˶񣬶͸أ
ȥӣƽҲ뿪ˡ
˶ѾҹˣŻȥϢ
û˸ΣμΪԴ׵һͷײˣѰˡ
Ʒּ󱦱ڿƣؿڣǸŵò塣
˿ɱǵƵģеʲô¾Ҫһͷײ
Ƹ˵꣬ſŽ̧ͷȥ˵ھڱ䱾ͺǵĸӹϵĪ뿴һͷװײ
ƹ˲꣬Ѫæ˹ȥŹֱϸû²Űһۣˡ
û£ôڣ廹֪ʲô顣
һ˵ȥϴ軻·
ŹԺﺰүˣȥϴǼſţС
βһ굽棬ſڵ̺ϲ˲ֻצӣֱӴܵ˴ϣڱſš
һ壬ڰ֣Ūõǣȥϴϴ
ǡڰǰʮֶһ㰲ƵǺ⡣
ϴ谲ư龭߸壬ĸкЦѲȥＯӵʱûȥɵĸϣ
Ҳְɵĸȥ˵ģʱɲڣ׵ĸۡҲǸɸǼӵһطϲǰͶ˵ǶȥɸҲȥˡ
˵Ǹݻ̶ȣȻʹˡ
ӿԡͰŰɫϴİ𪣬滹ˮӹƽմ·жǿ׳˿ˮ¶˴أĽʵһš
ƵڹˮúһĲá
һЦȥλʹ˵ĺʺǶݻһûôݻĵط
ү˼ǣ
һССɣסɵĵطǱҪȥˡ
Ѱȥֽ⿪Ĵӣɹͷ
òʲôͷûһ۹壬վ
(δ)

İپʮ ɸ

Ƶһ죬һͣǷƵѳӵһߣǱԼԹԽ
ɽҲˣˣñôͷһˮϣƵͺ죬û̫Ҫˣ˵

˵꣬ͱ˻ȥ
ŵϢӾЩվȱ屧˽ȥ
Ʊŵˮŭһῴſڣһ˵岻ҪʱûˣĲֺ
үȥ죬һֱ׷鹬u͵䣿ǿʡ
һ׷ҹ۵ıҪͷˣصҲҲУ֪ʲôС
㵣ʲôҪĻ
ǹuҵˣ
ѪĻƿҲҵˡ
屧˷ŵǰðԼƱԸˣߣκαȥ
ˮˣһ㣬¡
Ź£Ʋ
뿪ɫ࣬·Ÿ߰ƹuˣۿˤ÷ˡ
ô˵uˣ
ƾ֣ô׾ˣǰװ˷ıôꣿ
忴Űƾû취£һͷһ̧ͷŰƵ°ͣҪ⿪Ƹոմϵ·ûİץ
ǸոճԱôүҪһֱҿҪˡ
ƽѰﱧһ᣺ҲǺáɫ֮ͽƾЩ˯飬Ҳû취
ҿǰ߻ˣ뿪壬˵£ߵһ£ѰƱڻƵϣܺú˵
ţƲ˵Ҫô׾ˣž⣬uͺͱһٶغϣһ䣬ʱҲûˣת£ⲻǺܹô
ǹ֣ϸֻԭ򣬵һǹu;üȥҲӮˣϾүʱ˳֣һܲˡ
ǹȥģĿܣ˵ļʵҪ˸ˣֵط
Ц£ûоǱҲҲֻȻ
үȥ
ȥﱾģȻѾˣ˵ˣҲûҪţȵۿԲھ֮У͸ûбҪʲô
ϱߵĻǵ֮Ǳ߹ؽʿǹˡ
ҲԡȻѾͨˣҲóȥˡ
˼󱦱ȻͲˣҪȵţƿˣûš
繬ϢˣƲųš
հȥɸƴŹȥǱߣſڰָָȡߵӣɸһоʮˣʮвɱҵʮڣµ˿ٵġ
¸ˣҲࡣ
ҵʱû̫࿼ǣҲûլӵļٵġ
ү룬ӻȥҪȥǱҸʱ俴ͷģ˭˭ˣȻû׼ȷ֣Ʈͷʲô
Ҳûɹˣû뵽ɸһط
ȻȷˣǾȥĵطִŰȥɸ
εɸſڹ峹ˡ
ȥŭʱܷųɱ˵ĵӣʱ򶼺ܿ¡
ʣүȥô
ССһɾ̰ô࣬ɵˣÿǮǼԼˡ תߣѰһ˾͸ˡ
תѾԶĹ壬Ƕ·߷߲ƽˡ
ƾԭصţ뿴嵽ʲôʱܻƾûȵ
ƻͷһۣԥһȥ˶Ǳߡ
һֱûôԷƹȥʱԺ﷢ȥӭ
ܼҲûңôˣһûԷɫˣƸһ¡
ʲôôŶտյġư˵ַſһ¾˾˫۵Բһ󾪺
ĳ˼Ĳ
죬֪ôˣ˵£߰ɣ£ʰ̰¡
·˵ɫһ˵ĴӶһѵ׼ȥʰ̰
˵һӣˣֵȥˣһҪ˲£ҸȽſȥһŽͣҪ졣
ſһۣܼңܼȥܼһȥİƺܵģܼܳѪѹ
(δ)

İپʮ Ǯ˵̫̫

·Ϻ˵˴žʣ˼ǣ
ҽɣ̫£ο֪ĻΪǹӡ
ƽ˸˻ˣǽݺˣҴá
꣺ֵܣ沣ҪҽǽãҰ˵ĵϱҵɩӣҪҽ㣬ҽãˡ
ؽݣ֣֮ļɡ
⵹ǣǾͽ㡣
˸ʣǽ˼ǣ
ûңǽ͹ȥôţھĵĸԼ׼һȻʹլӣȻԵ޹ʵģĵĸȻеģϻĸۡ鸮лɵɸСְȵģѵͲʲô⣿ˣ˿˿һ¾˹
϶ͷȻΧ˾ǺۣͬҪôû˾ٱ˭ûмˣôɾ
ĲţΧĸۡɣۺôٱԽ˵ԽﲻҪĶô
ƵǾã˺ʺǱʣڶûǱʱ㲻ö֪ˡ
ϣ϶Ӱɡ
˵ĶԣЩǷȱǴͷģͬ۵ģͬۺĸۡ󣬱˵ĸۡôᡣ
Ա֮˵ĸ̫ۡˣرĸۡ㿴ĸۡȶຮᣬôĹְҪ󣬶˼Ѿʮˡ
ô˵˭Խ
ҡͷ˭Ҫ˲֪ˣ߰ɣȥʡ
תȥй䣬ֱи̫̫ͷһԣڵܲ
ܲŰװۣɸɾġ
̫̫Ǻܸɾ
ȥʣ˼ңʲôԣ
ܶණأӣ˶УôҲС̫̫ԣ˵㲡˰ɣ
Ұëˣⲻ붬ôҾͿʼˣһ㲻ӰܲģҶϴɾˣһǮһҪɡ
ϣһӸ̫̫ܲҲҪˣҴ£֪֪֪
ʲô£һӾ˵ģ֪ʲôµġ̫̫Ǯ
ƿһɸǱߣǷôã˭ҵģҿɸǼҵɣ
СʶˣһǾǮ˼ҵСϱƽﲻţɸǺġ
ŶưӸ̫̫̫̫ӣպ˿ʼԡ
˵طԭһƬլܼȥɲģլӣĸ׾˵Ǵ˵ʲôˣǴĴˣкܶǮǮĸ׸ģｨ˴լӡ
ĵǶãƷãһΡ
̫̫룺ˣ˵ˡ
̫̫ˣת˵ܲǰɣôǮҲ˼
˵̫̫ˣƺ̫̫һ·ҵ̫̫ļ
ϣһ©СӣۿҪˡ
ƴ˽ȥͿ̫̫ڳԸɰͰ͵һźܿ
˼ҡȴкŵ̫̫æŶ㵽档
ǱˣһӣҾ֪ʲôҲ˵ʱȥɡ̫̫æŰ֡
˲õӸǣߣҲˡ
аۿˣǿʲôûУ¶ûУһҪҪβ˵Ҫٲҩȥˡ
˵ʲôҪǲǣ㲻һûô
ôһҡ̫̫֨֨ؾǲӡ
ߵ̫̫ߣס̫̫֣̫̫ŵһ£
ɱˣɱˣ̫̫ˡ
һӲ֪˵ݺ
˵ǷףܳʲôҩҩҲãⲡҪҩУɣҸдҩŷȥǱߣȥܸҽ˵ʦ˵ģ֪ҽȥˣ㰾ҩȣԺÿȥһΣ£ܺõĲˡ

̫̫һ𾪣дһҩ̫̫̫̫ҩ߶µĶŰƿ
ģˣ治ð㡣
ֵ̫̫Ŀˣǲ
߰ɡ뿪һ·˱㲻⣬˵ΪʲôĻ
˵һܱ΢µҪǰͷͦصĺվ˵Ѿϰ˱΢ͺ̫๬ŮһǲΪǣǾȹġ
ūԣ۲۵ū
ЩѹҴˣһȥǸ
ת˻ȥ̫̫˸ǸŸ뿪
(δ)

İپʮ 鸮

صʰƣ㣬ô죿
û˵ôɲģͷܴ󣬼Ȼͷǿ϶ǲöԸְ̫С˿϶ǲ˵£ҪҾЩġ
ƿĸۡɣǹȥ
ΪԲ˵ᳯе飬ֻǹԼ顣һ˵֣ô˵ʶ
ҵǲʶǸʮСͷӣҼڹ棬;̫һ̫ĹϵƺҲܽӲ游Ҳ˵е㲻ദ˵һĻ
һ鵹ǲ˶˵и磬СʱֻģһľʣֵˣСʮ꣬ʱʮֵ꣬Ϊ˻Ҫġ
ܺãҲ˲ٿ࣬Ϊ˸飬ûûҹĸɻò׵ˣҲ۵Ĳˣ˶֪и磬Ҫˣÿ٣ͣҪһ㣬˵Ͱ㡣
ǸҪȥˡߵ鸮ǰһС˸պһһ߻㻹Сʮˡ
˵ôһǮɣ
Ǯûж٣ʶûöǮСҪʲôתƣʣʲôˣҼ鸮ʲô
ô£·飬˵ֻ֪
ͺˣҲΪҪʲô鸮ˣɸȥɡ
˵С˾ҪţƷ˵ȵȣߡ
ưѹСˣСһǺöȻǲҵ
ȵȡСתȥûжã˳
С˸һŵŮӳŮʮ£æ񣺡檲μ
˳Ƶ˰衣
Ǻˣѯʲ֪ԷĴϱ֣ϡ
롣Ĵϱƣ΢΢
λǣ
Ƕ沽䣬С㣬Ҫȥո֣ˡ
ʧˡ
û¡
롣֣˽ţһ֣Ͻ鸮
ڼһ£ԭļһӡûУ֪֡
鸮ݻԺ͸Ź¡
֣һ߽ȥһ߸˵ҼҴ󹫵ٳ׼һ㣬ſ㡣
ǻ۸ˡһ⡣
֣̿Գ檵ա
Ǹáֵģ֣̲סЦ
ʧ֣϶Щ
һǰ£ƺ֣˵鸮ķҪô
ҲǣֻǹйأǵϱҪѴ󹫵һԴ
鸮һϱܲھְΪϱÿյҪչ˺ô󹫵ÿٳ󹫵Ҫ㣬ҲûģҾҪУ󹫵ܸˡ
Է˲࣬Բָ꣬˶һ棬ҲǺܸ˵ӣҪ󹫵٣ûˣǸˣ֡
ǿˣòǰæѯʣ֣ңæҡͷܾ
ãԺȥһλȥš֣ˣҲվ֣ϳţ֣ȥԺǹ۲һ£ѯסʲôطүסʲôطƴֱӹȥˡ
鸮ıԺԺҪԺһЩæµԺǰиɫӵˣʮңͷףվһվţһЩ٣ǰи˿ţƵģѾݹᾣ׵ͷ˫񣬵Цŵģźܸˡ
ǰһͭǮٵˣÿ˶һлһˡ
̾Ϣ֣ˡ
߰ɣȥ˹ȥ˷ְƺ̿ǡ
󷽵ȥ֣ǰòĴ˸кˣˣ
֣鿴Űã
ҡ
֣鿴ˣʣλǶ

һ˵Ժ˷׷׹°ݼƺˣæŰ˷Ǿ·һ͸˽
һ֣ͣ鵹û˵ʲô
ƴ֣飬͸ûһǳеһ
ȥү֪ٳʱҲûʲôʵЩִˣףտܸʹ֮ࡣ
үһ㵣֣飬֣ҲЩ֣һ
(δ)

İپʮ г

ҶŰƣ֣ڻߵƵǰǿĳҴĲʹ
ȻĳֻҲֻܿóڸʹϣĻҿ϶ƵȻǰͣӽȻЦݣձϣǳŶӵһԭô˵
֣æŽȶȥ밲ǰҽְжţΪֿ
ǿԣмҪ֣ʵĻұӦββκá
ⲡֻа꣬κõĻҪչ˵ĺãʮҲ⡣
֪ʺ£֣鿴۴үЩǡ
ȥ˵ɡƿһ۱Ժݣ֣ȰѴү̧˽ȥ밲ƺ˽š
֣үߣסү֣ү鱯ɲҪ
ģҲ֮£Ľ̵һֱš
֣鿴ƣʲô˵ְģΥ·ְԸʵ档
żȿһأߵүǰ°סүݵѹѹɨ衣
ƿһ۴үǲԭˮץģ
ǰүͷ֣ĸ𾪡
ʱ򾭳ˮ㣬ȴûж֪ǴӺ˵
˵ңǴү͵ˣ˵үҲŰɣưջȥˣ˶Ȼȥһ˽ҵҩдһ㽻ĸҽҪæҪҽһˡ
á˴ӦˣдһӸˣ˷ֱˡ
˵үⲡѾˣӦþˮŵõģ׳θʣаŸкŻµģ϶ҲһЩҩֻǳЧתÿǺҩܺõ㣬˾ͳˣԽԽء
ǣ
ԥһ£ǳӡ
ƿ۷үүΰͷҲþжҵĶҧһ
Ż¸кǿ϶ģֳӣǼߣܣһЩĶ
ˣ˵ģͲ˵ˣҿүӣǸȾֶˡ
֣æʣǼֿǻоô
Ҫȥȥҩа취
ͷˡ֣ۺᣬмӣһߵһĿġ
ˣĿʵǸһ£ɲĵ顣ƿżɽʡ
֣û뵽Ϊ£֣ɫѿ˵Ҳʲôܣôˣ
Ȼʲôܣ˭Ҳ˵ҲֻһҼҵˡ
û˵֣ҲǸˣɫ˳Ǹģԭ׸ǺѣҾ˻㲻ƽʱ񣬳ʵѧѧĶɡ
˭֪Ǹ֮ˣ֮ǻһһ
ƽﲻóǸϲŪǷǵˡ
ְ죬û뵽˾ȻԹ£вְ
±ְϱԭ֮
ˣϺܶ˱۸Ψ۸ǰʱ仹˸Ůӣ֮ӵ˼ˡԺ棬ºѹȥˡ
ǸլӣûöǮһأ˽ʱ£˱ˡ
ˣְҪ浽ȥ˭Ҳס
΢У£죬ѵûȥ£
ǻ̫׸磬϶̫Тмӣ˭ȥ֣Խ˵Խ֪͸һСˣ
ƺЦһǲܵģȻд˸˼Ҫֻ鱻ƭˣʱЩвʡ
ȻˣְвʣҪˣκ΢ᣬûд˵͡
Ҳǣεģˣ֪֪ĺʹʲôϵ
дһ˾ˣ൹ǲǹ˸˰ɡ֣Ҳʲô֪֪Ҳ߰ˡ
ʱ˴Žĸҽˣƽ˽ţҩ俪ʼ׼
򿪺󿴵ҩƬΪԼȼ֮еңװҩʱ򱾲װϵģ뵽һҲܲôˣǿʲôʲôЩʰʱŵҩģû뵽ˡ
Ƭҩ˶һˮƬŵڻܿͿˡ
ƶ˸үӣȺˣҩҪһʱ䣬ܿͻỺʹһٸһ룡
(δ)

İپʮ ˭ǿɽ

֣Զҩүһҩ³Ӳ˲ᣬųŰƹʣֵҪô
һģⶫѾѴү̣Ĳеһĳ̶ˣҲ˵Ҳܿģ첻ˣȻ˵ǶǿЦԣǵӻˡ
˵óҩʼΡ
ǣ֣˵ֻش洫ԣҲܾȻ㵽˷ؿ棬ֻҪ֣ܳǾаҲҪȥ
վţ΢벻Ŵͷġ
񿴣ЩС
Ӫ룬ǵףô˿ǲ̫֪ƽճԵӪүӾòΪĳ֣ԽȥĶⶫˣүһ첻һ죬үҲ߳жôһĺľϵѪ⣬ֱӽѪҺԸүѪҺֱӲ˵ģ˳ȥҲû¡ƽҲˣ뿪
֣мϰѼ˶ҪǸƿͷл̷֣飬ֹһˡ
ɫˣԷɣ˷ǻҪ뿪
ĴôӲ´Ⱦô֣ɵ
Ҫ´ȾͲǴˣİɣᴫȾģǻҪСĵ㣬ԺҲ˼һ£©ȳԷ˷˿ʼɡ
ƵȻ֣ϸһĨĺ죬Ű˵ְû뵽һˣձְֱûܾǸ֪߳ܵŮӡ
ȫĿ֣飺ʱЩܼ˵飬˲ҪЦ
ְң룬š
֣Ͻ˽
ƽ˸չ˴үעʳ嵭ӪһЩʳɱķӡ
ԹƸ鸮˿۵Ĵû뿪鸮Ϣһᣬ֣ŶӶϱš
ʱƻû˯ѣ֣ӭӣž͸ˣһСſڹš
崹ǰ֣ۣǶһ˿Ĳζ
ڳ֣Ṇ̀κʱ򶼲׸ͷԸˣȻİ£ÿι»ʲôҪʱû飬ֻҪУ֣۾Ͳӵĸˡ
忴˸ٸƽϣҪԹԵȴҲܡ
ʱ嶼ܸоģ۲
ȻΪͳʡ֣۵ǰ൱һ衣
֣ǸӲԵˣƹ񲿵ʱҲ޹ʲôҪ飬Ҫûпƾٺ룬Ǹв
ǿ˳ۣܸȥ
ɲĳ£ûֱ׳ȥ˲ģؽӭЩڡ
Ҫû֣۵ǰϲȥ̨档
֣鲻ض񣬱ģǰڽϹţƢһ֮ͷ֪ڽˣųˣ˵ǲֳˡ
ûдβ˵ģڶ࣬ˣϢ
ǱҪȥˡ
롣
һ˽ţŲӿ죬һ·˱ԺǱߡ
ϢҲſ˯ˣ˹̽⿪Ӹϣ۾˹尲Ƴ񣬸վŹ帣˸ӣ檼ү
治ڼݲ治عأһ㰲ƻ֪ġ
忴ƵС԰ף˰ɣ˾ͻذɣˣƢպע⡣
֣ۿǰˣѹʵӣһп
洫ȻǼٵġ
ϲÿձ޲ߣ֪߳ܣĽɫ˿ҥԡ
Ҳ֪ɫˣҲʱȥˣŸ֣۵
˴ʱҲˣ˲һ뿪
Űƿһ۲ĵɸŹȥ
ڶʹ˾ͰѲĸץˣץʱոմŹٷִͽ˰Ѳĸʮ˶ʣ°ˣΧɽ˺˰֡
֣۴ŶվſڿһУ֣۵ͷתȥ˹»¡
ĵɸңƴ˳õӣ߰࣬Ժĸ챦
ƽд˸˱˱ȥӺ챦ֱ̧
찲ƸŹ˵ĵĸʵһ̣Ҳ˵֮ôĵ£ΪпɽĿɽǱˣǵ̫
⣬԰ɣ
(δ)

İپʮ ڼ ӹ

үô˵ıֵܣôʶˣ°ӰԼˡ
ȻĵĸĸһŮڸʵʲôĸߵĽ˲࣬СһξǴˣڶ࣬ҵ֧Ҳ࣬ĸٺǼ棬Щĸǿˣǲǲϵõġ
ĵĸ׽ǣΪ˺ֶΣҲǸµˣǴ˵ĸ޸ĸ׺󣬻Ƶ˸˲ٵ鶼ȥ޵ġ
ľǰʱ˵ĹͣȥСˣͱ˵ľܽкܴĹϵھľ޽Ǿڹ
ô˵Ƕĸˣһǣе鷳ˣ϶̫ģȥ̫ǽǾЩ̫ˡ
ˣûʲôİ취ˣֻȶˡ
ѯʣôԵÿĸ׺⹫ĳ谮
ˡ忴һ۰ƣԥһſڡ
ڸҵĺԺ棬޽ŻǲҽţһЩһ޵Ѿͷ
ЩѾͷǾϸѡˣŮҪһ£Ҫ˷ģֳΪ֮˵ػȣǸͻݵӡ
ЩѾͷѡǸʲôõģһˣǳҲÿӦؼıֺ÷ġ
ȢԵģȢһģǲ绢ô
׹ʣү˼˵ǵĸĸѾͷڸЩλ
λǲôɫϾճҲ࣬ĸѾͷĸ˵Ǿ޶ģŵûٰĸڸĵλ˲ٰ۵ġ
֮ǵҲ̧ˡ
Ҫֲô棬֮ˣֻӲŻ˰ٵ֣ס
ǵ׵ģɼĸĸ׶Ķ䡣
ѹˣĸǰΪʲôľ޵ˣ
ǻģʵʱĸûʲô취ǽľޣ˷˽ҪǽĸʹӦˡ
ⶼпܵģô˵Ӳĵ˾ĸˣүô죿
ô죿ôһʵӣұ߹ؽʿˡ
ĸǱߣ
ƻЩģһûˡ
˹ſڹһ˴ȥϵȡ
үСģһΥͣӼûʲôСĵģܲڰˡ
ûĿһ۰ƣתˡ
﹬
̫ע˵̫㿴¸ô죿
̫ͷôôӣ
Һ;үҲЩģǵĸŰ˲ٵ飬û뵽ô̰ģȻôǮүӵϢҪҽ̫˵
ӵԴҲڿǡ
Ϊǰ¶꣬ӿܶ࣬˭Ҷѵóֻǡ߶ǳ£ʧ
ĸ׻ڵʱǾĸϲտ΢Ϊ˱ɥȥʱΪĸס
ôͱˣһ㲻֪ҪŮ˵ףֶûС̫һ
æ˵ȷʵҲн죬ĺǵͷˣͱô¨ӡ
ˣûʲô˵ģӷͬҲ⣬ϣȫʬɡ
ȥҪ齻ȫʬ
̫תˣˣ
ĵϵҲڡ
﹬ź˺æȥݣūμϣ
ɣȥĸ󣬾˵
̫ո˵ˣҪūȥϣϾˣϽȥɡ
ϵۿ۹壬˱ֱȥ˳﹬
Ӽĸ󡣡ϵ̫ǰ̫ϵ˱
鱾Ѿ˵ˣĻ±ܲϣߣܷ𱾹Ҫȥʥ˼ʮգϿŰɡ
ĸ󡭡ϵЩģȥɣĸܹĲ̣ǡ
ǻϣ³çȷʵˣҪǱܷǱΪĽɽǵһˡ
лĸǻϵظ
̫ϵȥ̫֣ˣĸձȥʥ棬Ҳȥɣ˳ǸΨ²ҵĶĸȥ˼ʡǻ
ǡ
ûɵĴ˸磬֣úõôˣ
뵽̫ŵֲԤС
(δ)

İپʮ 

ӹߵߣƿȥ壬˦˦ʥּּּ̫ܲ
ƴ½ּ˵Խɼˣдĸ巸²ˡǱܲѴ̣Ψȥ
ТΪȣı壬ټݣ׼
һ壬ʲô£
ӱ
ƽּæ˵̫ȥʥջȥ׼ţʱҪˡ
лѡ
ʵЦôôġ
ˣȥɣҲȻˡ
Űƻ˽뵽ʮ첻ܼ󱦱ǣĲᡣ
ЩޣҲû˵
۲ѣסƹ˵Ҳ᲻ã

Ļ˽ƶż󱦱ĵ꣬һ飬ֽģȥš
ʱƱˣ˹˼ʱƸɴվ˯ˡ
˯ţһůڵϣ۾һ£ͷվߣ£ӣ͵߹˹ѰƵַŵ档
ƵִʱǱģһ˶һ£ûĿŰưס֣ܶ
ɵӣվվţȥҲȥûʲôˣʲôȥϢ
ϹءЦЦ
ߣ۵̫仰˵Ҳû˵
ʣүôˣ
æ˵ˣվǱߵţⲻȲȥˣˡ
ƿһۺЦЦϢۿ쵽ˣվһᡣ
ǡֱȥתŹӢ촽һ¡
ɫһѰһ§ڻ˫ֱסƣ§ţ˫涢ų﹬ſڡ
ܸܵõʱĲòʣڹĻүûҪƷһУ
ûСġ
үʲô
ôѲŪøһ㡣
Ȼ
뿪壺үɨϣ
ûСüȻǴ˾񣬶Ҳ
ֻɨһ壬ͷƽʱҪ¡
иëƴҵȤ˵
Ȼû񶼸Ȥ˵ɨϵ飬Եʱ򣬺˳ѵʱˣūɡ
һסƵ֣˭Ҫһһöû¶ıĿˣ棬ƺֻȻȥʱץӲǲſ
үֻǽȥ̫󡣡ѣֲŷſ
ƻͷŹһЦүȥٸ˵ġ
šǸһĿŰƣ۵ĲʲԸ
ƾתˣתȥ¡
ıң󱻰ҹˣȥЩӡ
Ӱúˣǲġ
ıնʾڣڼԾѴ̣巣ٺ»һʱ侩Ǵ
ƴȫְıȡ˽ĳб˽ҡ
̫ʢŭ֮£ѰС
Żһ˵Ŀһ۹壺ЩҲͷ
˵ǣǾ͸ͷС⼸ջûȴ˾ȥǸҪͷˡ
ɫʮѿ
һᣬǲҪµĺá
ȥϴǼ˹ȥԺʹ߽
ү
ôˣ
ѾˣѾ飬һųûǣ˸ͰһŸ˹壬ûȥ
ܲ鵽ģҪһˣſüҡ
ү
߹ؽʿۿҪˣܵˣӱϱɹĶ͹ȥС
Ƚ㣬ʲôȥ
ǡ嵱綯¶·׼һһ
ʥ
̫ƺ¿ƣƸ̫룬̫ˣ۾
Ҫǲ㣬ͰѱˣԴǼ㶼ѱˡ
ңһֱĸġһȡһ˵
̫ȻһЦΪʲôûأ⼸νפյĶˣҲ밲ˡ
ĸ󣬿ǴֶˣǶŵˡһ㵡
̫ЦŨ⣿
ĸ󡭡˵
ڻʺ˹̫۾ɰƸȡ롣
һ꣺ĸȻֺ֪αҪʣ
㾫ɵˣǻʺ˭ʲôϵֻҪɣһʶ壬µʺ󣬴Ϊ룬һΪŻϣʲôԡ
ֻǡ
̫ε̾ϢƷĬˡ
Ƴײˣ
(δ)

 

ʮպ.
ƴӹ˺͡
͵ڹˣû尲ƾѾˣҲµ϶ʲô飬ˡ
㡣ǰȥ
Ʊסȥͣ
үְȥϳɡ
ƿһˣһϳãʽȥ
Ͱ˵ү˵Ѿʮղھǡ
֪£Ҳûһ仰
ʣ˵ͽѾڵ֣ϱȥˡ
е㷴Ӧʲôʱ򣿡
ǰˣǹĸҽȫȥˡ
ƿȥٳûпڡ
˽˸Űƴȥ˰
ż󱦱켸󱦱ܸˣʮǱСˣʵڲоͱ۾˯ǿҲԣżתΪ˰ϴˡ
ƽȥ
ɻˣ쿴ǲǶˡ˲һս̵ĴүǶż󱦱޲ߣһ취ûС
ԲȵôǺã
Ȱеһϴ˹ϴȻһȦ۵ĲУϴڵ˵𻰡
ϴʼЦģỨû˼޳תС˰ƵĻ
̾һװѴӷȥļһȦݵǸС塣
ưСӱĶҪˣҲ۾۾͸ĵĺӲ࣬СǻƵġ
ôˣ
żתԼĿұˡ
Ҳ֪νˣˣǾͲ̣ôҲԣż˳ھͲˣû¾˯ĸҽˣܸҽ˵ζˣ㴳ȥС˸˵ǽȥҪٲֱӴȥ̫˭
˵ˣ϶ϻˣȸǳԵ㶫룬ǼŪ˵ţ̹һιţ̣ſʼԵ㶫Сǲԣ۾Ҳ֪ôˣӿҲûô£֪Ҳûʲô顣
û취ֻñŲˡ
ͷţһеˣʣûϴô
˵ˣϴ費ã޵ĲУϴģû֣һӵﲻ᲻ãȻһǲɣ
ƿЦãֵĿż󱦱ǼŴʲô֣úõĳԷ˯ϴ裬ѵǻˣ
ҲЦˣСӺʲôҲŮޡ
ҲãǱȽ϶¡ƿ˿С壬ֿ˿ӣԸ׼һֱСľͰľͰһˮѼӷֱϣҲæƸϴ˸衣
ɾ˻·ưѼӷŵһ𣬳ԱǾҪ˯ˣ˵ҪһˣǸ⹫ڼһҪȻҪǣĻ
󱦱Ĵ۾Űƣˣ˵⼸ӣôʲô֪Ƶģ
ɱСǣǾʲôֻ֪СڼҲģҴСȥºúչǼ
ҪСģ´Ȼ˵ǹ̩񰲣վֻĵʱĲ٣׳¡
ƽɸ봫Ǳ߻ȻˣȾߣкտԣˣǱߣֻðѹͽԼĸҽùȥˣҲ֪ûС
ܵ£ѾµҲû˵ʲô
ƽķɸ봫أҿ
ƿƴ򿪿һۣƽȻ˷ʲôһ
Ƶ׼˴ĸðвҩ콻ͼ뿪ˡ
Ҫţƾܾˡ
˾⣬ڳŰƣƴȥСˡ
㣬ףһ·˳磬⣬㾡ܷȥ̽˾˻һ·ͣǵİȫйͰʱʲô顣
лСˡ
ûʲôҪ˵ģ²Ƿ޷ڵְڣֻǰҲԹۡ
ֻϣȥһ֮֡
˵е·ϼסҪ£·ϲǹη꣬ţܣֻҪһ·У˲Ҫ㣬ˮȣƲãҲܲ֡
ǳ˳飬ߵǣ
ᣬ˵ģҪһת㡣
һ𣺡үߵʱѾˣ
̽˾ǳзģǱ˵ġ
ףתܿȥ˱סûȥ
(δ)

һ ܷ

һ·ƽ˳ֻʱ͵
С忴źһЩ̲ţ̣Ҳˡ
ƿʼ·ϴһͷţÿ춼ţ̣С岻ȣǶŰƿʣţ̣Ҳ̣ʲô
պ˼ҵһֻһС忴棬ƾĸţĸźˡ
ˣһŵʱܷˣſŵʱ̧ͷˡ
ܾС岻ļ磬Ҳ˵ֻһζسš
쵽ߵĵطƸÿ˶ߵԤʶ˲ÿһȥ档
Ȱ˵ƣ
ֻнⶾһЩвʹȾͲ֪ˡ
ȥƸӵĲġ
һ׼ãƸҪȥʱС尡ĺƱչС壬⺢Ӿ治ˣͺ岻ˡ
û취СϣĸӴϼһȥ
ȥϳֺ֢ܶ״̶ͬȵˡ
ưС彻¸˼飬ɨ谲ƺܿҵԭ
ϷҸǸɫƿķĩҲСһ㡣
áϳˣСҲޣͺȶ١
ƵûгԣҪûп塣
ڿʼϸҸǵҩãҪЩƵӴ
ƿܸҽܸҽⳡô
ܸҽãȻǺ£ӲͷƤܸҽ˵Ӧ
ⲻǸðֻǽĸðʲôðߣҲߵһ֣ڸðֻǽвԸðȾǿǷأʺʹȾʶܸߣڿҩ棬Σ̵ֹȣⶾʹԺҪİġ
ͳܰȥûˣⳡ߾ܿơ
⣬ǼϵصĹԱΧ
һаźãưѳĲҩ͵֧𼸿ڴ濪ʼҩģп˶ǰһ룬֮ǳԷ
ƽܿյϢҹ˯ˣ˳֡
ƽμӣȿȡƽЩƺȻ۾ƽ˺ܶ࣬ȥƽƽ㿪
ӱȾߣ̫
ͷһᣬĳƽʵˣԶͲ봫Ⱦˡ
ƲЩȥץסƽ֣ƽָƽȷʵȾУ֢״أкǿʼѪˡ
ƳԾƽĲȾ̫أճ˷ס
׼ƣ֦
һ˵ʮֵĲҩƽŰƣ˵Ӳõģƽû¡
ûҺٲ͵ôôⲡСĵ㣬պͺòˣҪ˵ġ
ʱڣκһвҪ˵Ƕ෢
ƽ˰¶࣬Ѿû˵ʱ֧Ųס˵ȥһѱסƽ͵شרŸƽõչƽ
ȥƽûˣΪ˷׺õĿһ㣬Ƹƽע˼ֻҩ
ƽŵ˵һѾ
ͶϹҲ̶ͬȵĸȾУƽԣǺһ֡
ſʼķֲȥ
۵Ĳᣬûûҹæµ
С
СŤͷ⣬ĺ龫
۾ƽҲ˳
ƽһ£㿪ڣһ糾͵Ļֵ́סƽźȥ
ƿӣ￴ȥ̧ĿӹЦһ£ã
Ŀһᣬ޳
忴Ű˾͵˹ȥŵðæС˳ȥ
ү
Ʒ壬һ㷴ӦûУŹү
ûκεķӦ˻һҲˡ
ƿȥϵִš
ƽŵӹȥӸ̧ӡ
ƿȥ㶼ѪܵĲҲ̶á
ƿĹ壺αҪôżҲˣ
̲ס
ƽҲˣ˵һǵ£ߵ˺ܶˡ
ô᲻ֻ֪۵˵
屻ȥСŤͷߵˣһ£ڹĻ۾
ƿЦãŰ죬Ѿᷭˣ
ѾˣСţӶӵǲٰһСӡ
Сüͷ壬۾ʮϬѹ嶺ùЦ
ˣҪ
ţû£ءȻ˵˵Ĳæȥ壬ƿŶ׸ߣƵŵŭһ壬ô
(δ)

 ʣ°

屻ĲѶӵס˵³Ҳûá
貨΢һѾͰѶ˹ȥŶŭ𣺡Ҫıɱô
ĸίŮ˺ף˶ӲҪɷˣ
һ°ƣ°סҹ̴ӱ߹㣬ôԴĶˣ
ƻһˣŹʣôżʲôҲû¡
ô֪û£ܲ£ôˡǰƣףϲףĶˣ
С塭žܾСŮ⡣
ζţƿ챻ˣ𿪣㲻ܵϣ
Ȳ
һС۾ܿ˯ˡ
ҳţǻζֻס
ֻǽ⿪·Űƣһ±뿪ˡ
ûôＱٰýȥƱˣ˱˻ԣ
ư
ͷϵѣе㲻ڣ˵Ĺ졣
ƣһ֪˵
һɨһ۹˵Ķü۴Ц
үȻô˵պҲٻȥһ˿ӳ
һ׼ȥٿػͷƣң
ưһ۹壺Ĺأ
ʵģģ
ţҲǶүġСŵһģСӣ塣
ү֪˵»ֲܺģŮ˻ôôģҡҡͷȫ
Ů˾ɷҪǿ׳ˣҾͳƽˣܺúõ棬һʱд轻
ңߣһӶŮˣҲˣȻһͷײ㻳
ƵͷһؿڣҪ

˵ţ氢ү
׼ȥƵĸ˳ȥûǣѶӱȥ
˳ӸӸϣ˯أ㱧ʲô
ûˣ籾ů͡
ƵǾеҲû˵ʲô
ôʰ
û£үˣҾˡǸ˵ġ
һƽһ۰ΧһۣҪȥ񡣡
үԷô˵˾仹ˣ֪İΣҲȰ裬ȥӲ
ڰƵĲ£е񶼼еһطΪ˷鿴ˣźܽûжþͽȥˡ
䣬廹Ÿӣһ־ע⡣
μһƣǶ¹ͷæŽ
ȥߵһλ˵ǰС¿ˡ
һźӣæźһ£ҪˣҪȾСӡ
ƵĵѾ󲿷ֵˣӿʼƾͱһӣ֪ǰƵĶӣҶӾмӡ
һӿúӴȾ˲Ϻˡ
嵹ûڿ˵͢ˣҪҴŸǣԲסˣ
ӯһĿޡ
ƳĬˣһ仰ǰеĹ¶ϵۡ
忴һǰȺȥ
˴ӵڵϸߺ꣬ꡣ
屧źһһģһ·ǻ
̽ƸŹȥϢ
˲ų˷
֮ʮգһֱھβˣŵĸҽֲܿȥԼԭأʮŰⳡ߿ס
ȥһѩ
㿴ĴѩХͲˡ
£ϵ·뿪ΧѰҹӰӡ
ڲԶĳ¥Ͽվһˣѩһ¸ֶĿԶԲӰһʱ䷢ְƵĳ֡
ͣ£Цһ¡
ƵŹӳ¥סƵ֣ѩˣ
ţǵǵһμʱһѩӣӦǱҪ飬ǾĶǡ
һЦ̫ǵˣһѩϣԴݡ
ƿһ۹壬֣үˣ
̫ǵãˣĪ¹ߣñһ£̲סҪȥһͷײ
үƤײô죿ƴȤЦ
Ҫ˵Ǳȥײǲײ
ƿƣ̡
Ʊţ߰ɣûȥˡ
š
ȥѱãȥƺ͹һʮҲڵﾩǡ
ǵͰ뿪СôҲû뵽εļ棬ʣ°ˣ
(δ)

 үĲ

ڳţ˳ûŸŹ屧źȥǰ
ʽƺ͹񣬹֣Сأ

ʽƿӣͰƳ￴һۣݸףĿɢ
Ȼеӣȥʮֲá
Ʊһ嵹Ǻƽһ䣺ôˣ
һֱã˵ûﲻưѻСӽ壬ȥ棬°סɨ衣
ʱûаʱҩô֣ʯû٣ˡ
ӳŰƿȥҪҲҩܺһ㣬ΪҩŻܡ
ƿɻ
ҿҩҩʱԣ϶û⣬ڵ̫ˣҪٲҪ׼ˣ㿪ʼĽʯû٣ˮ׵Ĳ֢
ҵҩãҲɵӣΪʲôҪôã
ЩߣӳȥûĿһȻû˵ͷȥȴ˵Ҳࡣ
úõģȻʣ°ܹ黹ţһûˡ
Ҳܹܣô˾ˡûʡ
ĿһԼûһ˾˵ӣֵ˱ˣ
תƣŶӸŻص
ӷ£һ࿴ƣ˵˻ҩûкãˡ
ͷŻĶӣһһʣô
鷳ˣǱⲡˮף֮ǰǸ˥ߵơ
岻˵Ĳ֢
ˮף˥ߣ֢ˮ׵ʱʼѪѹߣۣ٣·ȾȻ򲡣ԷƶѪɫ԰ףĭʹ磬Ѫ֢ҲûЦ˵𻰸ɾ䣬ͬҲࡣ
ûף͸˵ⲡʲô׶ˣ
ڶ׶ΣѾʼԷˣٲҲȲˡ
㣺Էˣ
ƿ⣬Ѿˡ
үǲǻҪʡ
Ʋˣһ˽
š
ص˻صԺȥԡ²ŸȥӣСæű˹ȥûѰ뻵ˡ
ư󱦱һͨŹ뿪ƱҩŰȥС˸
С˸ţ˳
ˣҼͨСˡ˵ʱ˴ƣ˲ϵãȴϵðæѰ˽ȥ
롣
ƽſС˵ңＯӵʱϧſӾ͸ͳˣǰС֣ʲôû
ŰҲûʲôĵطͺͨûʲôֱ𣬿ǸۡŴأɾ࣬˴С֣඼ƽƽ
Ҳ࣬ʮ
תȥŵС˵Ժ
棬롣
ſڣֱӽţ࣬濴кܶܣ飬һֱߵΪ鷽㣬ӡ
һǴӡ
£Ҳûˡ
ʱѾסˣȫҪȥ︴Ҳȥɣûȥ
ƴҩ䣬ߵǰһ롣
ܵʱ򣬱˵ǶҲû̫о
ͷƤ⣬ֵĸоŰƵһֻ˾䣺оô
Ƹûش𣬷˵̽˾ˣôߵ˶֪
ʡһͷסͿ˴ϡ
Ƹɴ£Цϵζôţ
һЩҩζϴ´һСģС˽Ͱɡ
Ҹʹ졣
ҪʹԼαң£۰ȳȥ
ȥƿҪţվԶ㣬ſžͳˡ
Զˣһ֡
Ƶ˲
ҩ£򿪽ⲡʼ·Ⱦ˰ɣ
ɫ΢˵ʲô
ȾˡһĿɣһҲʲô飬ֻһ֢ѣǲô롣
һ죬Ťȥ
Ҫ̫࣬Ͱ˵
ǲСڣѵ±׷
ƿСˣ˵ɣ򷢿ֻϣ²֪˳ȥ˵ӰСպȢޣ
ƣʲô˺ʱ˵ҪȢޣ
(δ)

 β

ûҪȢ޵ģֻ˵˸ʵ
ҩõģҩˮϴģÿΣõĿһ㣬ÿ룬ٰʱҩҺү㸮ϣ㷢ûˡ
ưҩˮ뿪
ߵſڰ˵ϴɣȳȥ
ƴϷţתȥҰ
ҩˮҩۣһûȻ˯˹ȥ
ʱ֣վڲԶ
ôȥһסƵ֣ǰ£ѰƵֱӲ/һܾ
ġ
島˸ţѰһַֻŵڵһƵֶůˡ
ûа취ֻ
˵ϴҩˮһֱûлңǲ˼ҲҽȥƺЦ
ɫһ֣һŮ˼ңܿ
үľ˾ˣǳ°ɣƴȤű졣
̧ͷһۣ庰ůȥ
ǡ
ư·Ūãȥƿſ˯ˣŽ档
˽˯ѡ
˯ҲȣҲ֪
ǽϣ˵ûʲô캦飬Ϊʲôôһʹڲܿ˵˵˶¶ˣ
ѿˣ㿴һЦ˾һת뿪ǰͣˡ
Ҫ˵˾Ȼţ˵ıţȻˣ˵оȣ˵ĲˣҪѣӡ
˵´壬˸û꣡
µҩˮҩۣòȥ
ůݵţ
л裬Ѿˡ
ߵǰѰƱס
ʱǾù̫Сˣһס
ʹһ㣬ԭǸŮˣСŮ˵Щܲס顣
ֻЩ䡣ûһڣһ顣
ôˣ
Լ£˰ﲻˣ御ˣˣǻȥ£
һ£°ɣҪûʲô£Ӧþܿסˣ˳ʲô˶ֽš
Ҳá
£˸׼׼ڹ˸Ϣ
ϰû壬ź򣬰ױȥ
ҲǱߣһƣȥûôˣɫһЩ
ŰƳ˸ӣ漴˵ʲôѾȥ߰סɨˡ
ȤĹػ˾ȣ˺ʱҪˣ
Ƴţ
һ׼ŵĹ壬Ը⶯˰ѷ˷ŵķ棬ʱš
˭Լ;ûȤˡ
Ƹһ룬ͷƤ⣬üǺˣȻôˣ
̧ͷһʲôû˵
뿪ȥϴϴ¿ʼ緹ϴֻȥ¡
˳Է岻ϸƼвˣͷԷûʱȥԼּвˣôһȥȥˣιιô
̧ߣ
ߣ
۰Сӣܹʮһ˳ˣôųСӶԲɣ
յĳźóԵСӣһûʮֲá
ƳԱˡ
ƻʣĸСӣˡ
ѵ۵ĿԷޣȻҲȱСӣڱ˵Ĺ˸棬ȴѵõζȴ̣ˡ
һ׼Ҫעҩ˵Ҳû˵ĶĸпҲҪƽϡ
˾̣ˣ˾Ͳ̣ˣӣܻܲ¸¶֪˲̣Ȼ٣㲻ʲộˡ
ˣתǳ⡣
Ҫúõľ׶ŭûĿ壬ųСӲ˵ˡ
ȥ棬һ˳ԡ
׼ãҲȥˣ漴ס֣Һ
ڴϿŰƣʣⲡܺã
ⲡﲢʲôĲֻ鷳Ҳܸʲô֤һκá
֮кܶؾ˺벻ã££ҩ¡
ܶء
֮ǰ˵Ĳᣬкܴİչ˻û£Ҳڱ֤
ҪûиţֻǲİջһЩ
š
£ӸϣʣȥҲǼģôûзǲǼ޸֮ʲô˲֪ģ
Ʋ죺֮ǰϵң飿
֪˵㲻ˣǰƶʲô˼
(δ)

 ү

Ϊ̽˾ĴܹܣȻҪо˵ϣǴ󽫾ŮϸȻҲݴ
Ѿӣû뿪ڷ
ôȥҲ£ڴҲûʲô˽ջˡ
Ƶûʲô˶ѡ
ģְ˺ƽ׽ˣһҲûС
˵ţ߽ţơ
תү
վ
ſһ˵ҪȥջЩҪ
үȻȥ°տˡ
ţŻ彻¾ˣ˰Ƽտ
Ϊ˴ʱ䣬ƿʼ飬ϾǺܶ࣬ȻǺܰ飬ҽѧ鰲ƺġ
һܿûꡣ
üŰƿʱľףҲܰ
ĿŰƣܾ
һᣬſ˹ƿһۣһɫ泤۵ͣſڡ
ְμˡ
ƿˣʮ£һҺʵ
ɡӴùˡ
ţƸͷŵһЩ
˽ţҲˣ̧ͷˣҽˣ
ˣĸĺѾˡ
ҽ
ϸҲ˽ʼһҩζ
ȥһˮȥˮֿ۰ƣû˵Ҫˮ
Ҳû˵ʲôˮպһһɿɬζ
뿪һЩ̧ͷƣЦЦ˲ǿô
š
Űˮˡ
ˮҽջʱȥܣչҵġ
ְҼæ
ҽ𡣡¼顣
˵ҽȥɡ
Ҹˣסߵſڣ뿪ŵڱã
ߵߣѯʣ
ȥүעˣ
ǡ
ת뿪תߵǰŪŪĻ˵ӣòҿȥɣǱѾ޽ˣǱǵȣպø
Ȼ
ҪǲȥǾˡǿʲô¶Ҫż֣̽
̽˾˾͸࣬¶ɹġ
ȥôȥ˹˸СӣѲɾˣȥʲôǵȡ
Ըܿһ׼׵ļ飬ʲôûô
İ飬ҪǱ᲻ã˵Ǹǽ趼ܡ
ƹ䣬󲿷ֵܶ˳û
ۿļʷǱˣſڣ˵ôãϲϴ¿㶼Ķ顣
ҪǹˣҪ£Щܻ¿Ļ·¿ܶ࣬˵˸ǿˣЩҪƽ׼黹ǹԼš
Цʲôʱ˵Ҫˣ
ʵȤǴŵĺá
Ʒһţ˴ߡ
оöˣ·Ҳá
˸Ҳ𾪣رңһֱˣҪҪְ
ˣϲȥͣڸＴɡ
ǡ
ŰƷͬһ˵ȥɣǰⰲһ𡭡
߰ɡ˵꣬ƷԸˣֻðѻ˻ȥ
ǰƸ˼롣
ϲŴ룬ôִˣϵ룬ʮơ
ǾˣȻ˵붼ʼˡ
ƿϳƿȥЦ£ү
Ƶߣȥˣ
һܺô˵Ҫ£ǺŪˣֲܶĸвá
һߵʱ䣬٩㻹ôԹ
ޣûһˣǸβʵթˣӣΪɵӣ˼䣬˵Ǹ˿ģ˴СĿЩݱ˶Ҳ֪ʲôģ
ǷˣʱģڿӣǸԹ
ݸһЦԵ⣺ȻˣǾͶлˡ
˵ʲôƢ
ƱﲻסЦںˣýˣֱӾˡ
࣬ѰƵļսȻģǾ°ɡ
ǣ
ǡ޳ܣȻŤȥǡ
Ϊ˻գҵ顣
(δ)

 Ӹ

ͣ£˵ϵĲҩŨڽŵʱôŪģһ˵ǸҽҲŷϵĲҩǺȻģҲŨҵĶǴģζ棬ͻж
ֶҪʳͷԻġ
ԲǶҩСǰÿ£ȴΪӪġ
Ц˵Сˡ
ƳȥӦвŶԣߵ˾Ȼһ֮ĶûС
Ҿȹҡһ仰һС
ƶЩôˡ
һˣôɱˡ
漴ȥȥһѣŽţΪչ˷㰲ԺԺ
ԺҪ˺ܶ࣬ˣԺһԻһԺҪԺӣԺŵģΪԺðʱסǰţԺͱԺĿһ˽ţΪͨԺš
Ժӻû֣ƻڿǽʲô֡
ȥһ۱Ժţվ˼ʲô
һһͬŷߵǱͣˡ
Ȣ֣ʡ
ţҪи֡
Žʲô
ɡ
嵭ȻԥţʣǴ㼸סģ
šڴӦ
˼ǲ帣󡣡
΢΢ãպ󻹻ôܽ帣󣿡
ɣһ硣˵
ҡͷȻǷ޺ۣҲϣǵͷʲôû£Ӹɡ
ϣǶǫǫӣо֮磬ӼͲΣơ
ƿ壬ͷãӸ󡣡
Щӵůˣ˰Ѻӣϣ׳ɳ
ǾǾӸɣֱҲϲдеģҲĿ
ҽȥүŹ˰ɡȥ飬ԺﻹûʲôˣԺﲻܿţаȥ
̸˹ȥ
ţȥ֪ͨƽ
ǡ
ȥƽʣ
ţǡ忴ҪӸ󣬱ȥ
ưӿһ飬Ժһᡣ
ƽܿ밲ȥ밲
кηԸƽѯʡ
Ժûʲô⣬ЩϸڣţѡʮʮµѾͷϸĵ̵̽Ҫ黭Ҫ汸Ҫ֪䡣
⣬ŶʮʮµкҪϰϰ䣬ҪЩȻѡ
ЩȫΪϴպ̴ӣҪĲ
ƽס
⣬ºϴ˵ȫȡ㹻Ǯȥ
ºţ̺滻̣׼ʳЩһᰲš
ǣ
ѡʮĿ㣬֪Ѿͷʮ£Ҫɾ͸ģչǵӡ
ܸҽǡ
ǵ
ԸţֹҪ֡
ƽҲһѾߵƵǰ˵ãҪʲô
Цүʲôأ˭˵ƽҪˣ˵ˣƽˡӵһҪ໥ĽڶҪޣзôӦһֻƽһӣҲŮϹϵκһƽӦ˻£ҲӦġ
ɫ΢΢һȻˣ㲻ʲô
үˣҵƽҽãȻҪҪףǾͲˡ
ƿһƽ˵йĸɡ
׼Ӧöѣǲ⣬ƽȴˡ
ӣĪͽйùúˣϧùҪСǽҽùüɡ
һ£Ȼ˵ǾͰ˵Ľнùá
ԺӲúܶˣһҪɫһҪ书ƷҲҪףҪһλǿʦ
ƽѾʼɫˣûҵֻ˵и˵ĸǸĽɫǿȥѯ
ǽпеһ˵֪ˣڼǺ١
ƽϢȻͨȻ֪ˡòԾƽ
ƽ˵ֻǷڵһЩ£˼Цˡ
ƽԸ̽˾϶ǲġ
ƽæ˵ƽһһӵˣӻƽƽ
һĲƽǱջظոյĻ
ллˡ
ƽƣĸǵڴˣ飬ǮֻҪǮԸκε飬ƷһҪȥ̽
š
ƾҲҪǣ㿴壺үأ
ɡ
ƿ˿Ժ滮
(δ)

 Ӱʦ

סº󣬲ȶƽȥҲɴ⣬԰˺һרչ
ҲѼӽ˻ѾѬĲˣ档
񼸸ӵİѾˣû졣
ʹͻеġ
ƻգס˼գȻ꣬Ѿ뿪ƺ͹ˣҲǾãҪ˽˿ռ䣬Ѱ˾ӸǱߣҪչӣҲԸ⡣
ŮūԴǣͳūˡ
һ쿴ǣͳԲ˯á
ھӸ˷Ҳб⣬ƽҲסԺ
ͬǰסݣƽסݡ
ʼЩ㣬ϰ˰ҲûʲôҲͲȥˡ
ƽҲ̰ӣӦԼҪƽչ˼ӱˡ
һһ£ˣѩʼԺӣȥ˼ӣתȥ
ʱ˲٣Ʊ㿪ʼһˡ
үмү˵ųԷʱ򣬰
£̧һ۰ơ
ϴ󼸸ھӸǱߣһ쳤ˣм
š
һ꿪ʼҪѧˣҲˣүʶ㣬֪Ķ࣬ʶҲ֪࣬ûʲô˿Ե¡
˼еһֻǲ֪ǲ⡣
̫뵽ģǹľˣ嵹ҡҡͷ
Ʋ⣺Ǿ̫ʲôˣ

վҲվүʵҲˣ˾̫뵽ıˡ
ţ˹ѵĺܣ̵ǣЩˣҪǼѵ鷳£Ǽ
Ҫþ̫ĻһǲϹأӵʦȻ̫ʦ
ǱˣҲϡϡ
ǶأƾöҲԡ
ߣΪЩظǵʦء
˰죬УǸҲУǶѡ
ô͹ѵˣƿƱһ
ɫһô͵
⣡
ûĿһ۹壬ߵƵǰԹǵʦǿģҴͬģ볯пϵ
ҲҪ˵Ĳɣֻѧģ˵ǿԡ
ƿһ۹壺үأ
ƾأ
֪˵ĲΣ
׼īɡߡ
ƲҵæŽ׼黭ϵĹȺһ۾ˣٿֹȻһ°ز©Ĳɸ˵á
Һ⣬ֻǲ֪˻᲻һֱǣҪǴһЩǲԸˣͲ˵ˡ
Ҫǲʹǡ
ȻˣǾ͹ˣҿղײգվǸӣǾһʦ˳˸һѧ
˵ȡ֣Ҫиţʦõġ
ҪУɣȥ׼ʦ飬ҽȥ롣
˵棬ƿһǰ¶ˡ
Ѿ͹ˣŻʱ˵ΪľҪ󱦱ǵʦ
ԭȰǾκִ˾ͲκִǸˣȲ
Ȼû书ȴģֻ岻̫öѡ
ùĻ˵ܺ;̫ˣֻĳǸܼġ
ϸҲ
׼ҪȥһЩޣκִޣԼ͹İ
˶ˣʦҲʼˡ
ǰһľӣ£ƺ͹ʢװ磬һ˶һ赽ǰ棬裬ʾǵл⡣
˵Ĳȥˣ
͹ˡҲһ䡣
ȥƽϴߵǰŵϣɫɰëʵ㣬ī֭մմһźֽд֣
ƽһ£æŵлϴ뿪
ұ϶ߵǰд֣ʥ
ǰԨ
ȥʡ
ƱСߵǰո̧֣СͷŤ˹ȥƽúõģ۾һˡ
Ѵŵòᡣ
һ٣ԭҪдīһд˸q֡
Ŀ΢̧ſ޵ĺܵС壬Ѳ㻹Ҫӻúõһị̄ˡ
ʦīϲһţСģ⺢һޣֵд˸q֣Щûɵ˵˸ӻ
С˱㲻ˣŤͷѵһЦû¶һӣôһۿȥȻ˵ˡ
üıʣҪӻţ
С۾ڰƵĻ˯ˡ
ѻȸ
(δ)

 칫

һᣬдСĺţӻ
ƻ⣬ȥǰһᣬҰѺӱȥһϯ˷Ʋʹ뿪
ĽĲУ˵ʲôߣһֱȵŻȥˣƿżʮ⣬屧СӣˣôСĺӣô֪֪ˣ
ϴϵصĳۣƽź
ڵ棬ȫǵȵģӲ䣬ҺҲõĻӴϵȥһжڵϷš
˵үʵôʣ⺢ȻһЩҲ˵׼ɺϣҪɺϣ⺢ӳҲ֪ʲôӣֵ棬ƢŵµԸⲻ⣬ȻҪһޡ
үӻЩḡȴϲպ󻹲֪Ҫʲô鷳
СŤͷƵķ򣬼´ĺӣ·˵ʲôĲҿƵ۾Ťͷʱ۾ˣСԽΣʱŷֵ㲻ԵĵطתȥƵǰ˲ϰ˵ĶԻǲԣʵƣ㿴⼸ǲӲͬˡ
үŷôưС屧ȥţȻͺǰƻƫС塣
ܾ⺢岻á
ȥĺӣЩӶˣȻöԽΣѾʼ仯ƣǺ˫̥һ඼һģһġ
Ҳ֣ϵ̫ûʲôСֵġ
ӣҪȥǱߣ˵Ǹ˳˵ӣԺһѾͷҪΪеƣƽպҲ£ӽ£ƽͽȥ˳㿴ûаæĵطƽѯʣƵͷƽųš
ƽˣƲȥʹ弸ֵ顣
죬ʥڵأԨˮڰգΪˣţˮȡǲƣ˵˼Ҳǲ֮⣬īȻĲɣνࡣ
⺢ӷǳ֮ǸԼ˸ңֺǵ
һ⣺˵Ĳ˵ãֻǻȥһ£Ѿôõ֡
Ȼ˴СಡҪˣˣΣĸֻø˸̽˾
үϢɣ㲻Ҫȥ˵飿
ˣһˣ˵Ҫȥ˵顣
˲ż⼸մǽżˣۿ±Ҫ»ϵˣľһҲԸͻʲôձŲ
ǰ˵ʺҲˣҪˣ
ƱСģǲ̫ףѾλȨأݣڳҲ˸ҶΪηҪľͽѵ֪ǸӣĪ˵ľޣĸҲô
ǸүҲͺˣĸ
Ȼٻ󣬿Ǻʱ˳յ棬ô
忴ƣ˶ŪѾ˯ŵĶӣǷ޲֪ĸĽʺ޵ĶǷ޿ǿӣֻһ
忴۰ƣҲϵҪѻλøҪҪ
֪ôģ
үô룬ô֪ƿ϶ǲ֪ġ
Цһ¾뵽ƶԻλмһ˵ӣ뵽ƱȻ˵Ǹӣˡ
Ķӣү˽ء
ţȷʵ˽ƣǻλ˭ȻҪҲǼҪġ
Ӿͺܺˣ棬û˼
˵һỰ֣ܴ˵飬үҪ˭飿
СˣѾ˼ˣûСˣȻļ٣˵ٹС˱ûʲôˣҪżˡ
˸ǺܰԽԽǻɣʲôϵ
үûҵuô
ûУ׵ˣһǸҪĽɫȻصôuʧʱڵģ˵Ĺuʲô飬ܿ˳²ܣ˵Уǹuߵˣıʿ
үѾƻˡ
ϢɣձҪȥ

һţչ˼ӡ
ƽȥûƱҪԼչ˼󱦱ˣֿһܿס
նǵȵ緹ܿס
뻹û꣬ҪҩƷϾҪȥ
žڼӵ￿Ŵ롣
칫Ѿơ
칫ˣſ
빫
칫˵ˣСӸǰȺ˵˻ͻȥ
˵ӷȥ˾Ӹſڡ
칫Ҫ¹򣬰æŰ˷
(δ)

 ǽ

ڸˣʲôʱ˹ˣ¹Ҳ١
ллūǱô˵ġ
ûȥأҿʲôʱȥʣЩô
ˣһ鶼ûˣֻԺ֪ǲ׼ˣ칫⼸Ѿûˣ̲סҪȥ˯š
ûоģҲ֪ǲ׼ˡ
ҲжʱûˣСѾ̫̫ȻҪȸСβҲȷʵûȥ
˵Ȼȥұȥʻϡ
ˡ
ƻͷһǱߣ칫뿴Һүĺô
ҲǱģǿһˡ
칫Ϊѣūǲȫ֮ˣСӣմĹأСһʱ򣬲ܼȫ֮˵ġ
ǲǻӣӣ߰ɣպûеء
ת˼칫ûת칫ôߣѲڹźϵˣźСӣ
ǣūǡ칫һ֣̿ŸŰһӣСĸţΡ
ȥ͢绹ûиоԭ·èġ
ת칫ʹˣ䣬ҪߣֱӣͲˣʲôҲǸˣҪ߳
ƽ⿪ϵ칫Ը칫ϵã칫۾ţū
ˣ߰ɡһ칫ϵֱ֣ȥ˼ӵſڣƿЬ߽ȥ
칫վſڲߣ˵ɣŴ綼ˡ
칫ŸŰƽţϵ⿪СĻƣת͸ˣⶫҲûʲôãţҲûһ·УҲҴɡ
һԼ·ģҲû˸˵ʲôҲҪģ˵ġ
칫ޣ
ޣǰɣң·ϡƷԸţæŰ·칫ϡ
ǲү
ǡ
칫˲ᣬ߽ȥֻǰƱСߵ칫ǰֱӽ칫ŵ칫æź˹£ʹá
Űɣ˳ҿ⺢ʲôһĵط⺢ҺүǺܹŹ֡
Ź֣칫ֵʱ򣬻Ѿ˸ӣ˵ϡ
һӶ˹гԵĶ칫˿һҪһͷŰɣҲǸˡ
칫˵ͷĺӣЩ޵ĳ嶯
˵˵⺢ӣ͸ǲͬУҳҪţþͿޣôСĺӣչ˸ŵʱҲ⣬úõīϲϲӻ
ƽﲻЦĮţ֪ʲôԭ򡣡
칫ףЩǰҪʵģ޷Ҫϵ
칫˵һūҲûôޣǼһЩһģһĺӶȥ̫󿴿ЩҲǿģūҼҲеġ
׻˵С꿴ϡ
СһǱĺӶµҪ磬ҲͬƢҪ
ūǼСʱģʱѾʫˣƢҲǺܴģһǹ̫Ҵ̫̫ӱһѵӣֱˣ˵⵶Ҫ
ū˵ʵûϵӡ
ūĺӣֻѾʼԼˣĺӶصĺܡ
йǺ£γǱˡ
ңֹǰ
ȮӣСһϵ洫ɡ
Ƶͷš
칫˵ūãӶѣǵģȴǺģҪúý̵УҪ;
СӼȻи֪˵Ǹĸϻۡ
곤м⡣
ƿС˵ǵڹʱ򣬻ʺͿˣⲻûô
ǰô¸أ
ҲʲôززùֻǹԼӣұš
ȻҪ棬ֻǳĻǲףźϵˣ㲻źˣҲҪڹ޵ģô棬Ծ˵չСɣСҪ䣬Σ
⡭⵱Ȼãūллˡ칫ָƵ˸л»˽ѡ
ܸҽһ˰룬ҽ
ǡ
˵߾ߣֱӽȥˡ
û뵽ڽʱ˹ǽ
(δ)

һʮ 칫

ӹгһû뵽εô졣
ϵ۾ˬľʹӦˣҪ칫飬ðĸ⡣
ϾǶͣҲǸ칫һˡ
ͿſһţһЩ˳ĸ⣬ôճȥһˣſھ;ۼôˣˣƺǷʲôõ顣
ƴܼҸպô˿Ϲܼݺ᣺ɻˣ
ƿϹܼҵӣ֪ǳʲôˣſڵҲ˲϶ʣȥ˾Ӹ󣬴ʱ˶ææµµܡ
˵ķľӸ򣬰Ҫ˶ʲô˲ϣһ·Ǳܡ
žͿϵѪſվŵ˶ˣƳһ£š
湬תƣһ£ǰࣺү
֪ܵģڵǶû¡
ǰߣһأ
Ҳû¡ɺܵĮ
ԽòˣҪʲô¶ûУͲıˡ
˭£
칫첻ˣȥɡ˵ȥһߣƵӿһȥͨ͸
˵칫°̧ͷ棬濴һˣһźš
˹ȥ칫ǰƶȥ칫ڻУɨ谲һ£ƿ˱ӣǵˣǰС
Ʋ⣺ôôأô൶
һһ߿һ˵ЩͻȻǸԱСӣû뵽ЩɱˣϷŹǣ칫󺰣ҪЩ˳ȥ˵һˣǶ򲻹ث֣˭֪Щ˾Ͷ˵칫ǰ
һҪɱ칫ǱҪˣС˱СҪǿߣǲҵ飬ˡ
칫ΪЩˣǲˣ͡
̲ס۾칫Ҳ۾ˣûѹһЦˣūΪأ
ӣ漴ԸҪˣȥɡ
칫ҡͷ˼ˣū֪ūǲˣҪźСӼ죬ûˡ
ȥʱ䲻ȣ˱ľˡƿǲߣɫ˳˿Ŵ˳ȥ
ƿû뿪Ĺ壬˲ᣬһѵӡ
칫⣬Ҳûʣʹ࣬ʹʹɡ
칫ЦĺܺͰһ˫۾ѹһֻѡ
ϧˣͲˣĺūˣҲˡ
ǻūһūţߺúź

֪˵ˡƸ칫죬Ѫν칫칫ɴ۾æҪƿ˵ʹá
ûȵʱѪѾ˺ܶࡣ
칫оȫ޾ֻһ˲䣬ͽʧȥ
ỹ˲ס֪Ҳ֪˵ΪһЩϣȾ칫
˵˻תȥ칫ҲͿˣﻹô
칫ŰƵҪ뿪ֹ칫Ҫ㡣
칫ڵѪҡҡͷЦ涼Ѫˣūںʲôûˣūѵ;ƿ֮ʱūһҲѹ֮ǰūܱСӣūˡ
УҪˣҾͰϵѪȫˣ
žȲ칫칫ֻʣһҲ֮ԻܵȵڣҲΪҪ
칫һֱܾԸѪƾǲԸ֣ߵ£ˣ
ӣѪ칫ȣ칫죬Ѫһߡ
Ʋס֣
壬ѾˣŭĿԲɣָһ㲻ȾˣԼ
ִ˭ҲܲסŰƵŭǲϰݡ
칫ҪǾȲҾͰѪˣҲǣˡ
칫죬Ѫ칫ȣ칫ҪƲҪˡ
칫ſЩҲЩ⣬ư칫֣ɨ裬칫ڻָ
һָ칫һЩѪ칫·˿漣ϣΪ칫õĿ죬ֵһᡣ
ֱЩڹĻ˹ȥ
ȰѹѾҹˣǵ
ǱѵĲŶԣŤͷȥżӣƽڵϿޡ
Ʊ͵͵ȥƽˣ޵û꣬Ŵӱš
(δ)

һʮһ үı

ԶվڴڵĹо֮תȥѾûƵˣߵƵǰ±˱סˡ
ƽ̧ͷҲ죬æŲ˲ʰƣӣˣ
ţô˯Ҳ˯ţ㣬ıңôûߵĹ忴
˲ŰƵĲɡ
ˡˣ
Ӷû۾һھ͸һ˭۾Ĳᡣ
ûлӦȻԴȻҲȷΪʲôѪȷʵûҪȻ칫һǸоˡ
ҪˣҲһʱļʵ侲룬ʱŬ룬칫ȻŶԡ
һ;Ͱˣļң
Ʋ壬ǿƽˣҵ֪ô
֪ڰƽ˲ش
ʣ칫أˣ
칫ڱݡƽţѾӹĻˣϼ·ƾߣӺס
ŰƵ칫סĵطԭ칫ھӸסε鷢칫ҪԸھӸӣסĺͰЩԶƫһߡ
Ƶ⿴æŸ˸ӣˣ
ţ칫أˣ˵Žȥˡ
æŸţ˵ţ칫˼Σ˿ϵĺܿ죬ֻ˻ǲ߶˼ôˣ
֪칫ǵİƣŻһʡ
ƽŰϵȥ칫
ӺͰǱ߲࣬ҪЬƴӽȥ칫ţ϶ȵģźš
˸ӡ
ߵ칫£ˣ
칫Űݺ᣺ūиء
žͺãܷʲô飬ǻŵĺá
Ƹ칫¼һ£칫ʣӿɺЩˣ
칫һˣ׵Ķࡣ
˶ȥѪ֪ѪܾˣҪǳ˻ᶢϣôѪоںڹȥͷ۸ðĶҪʮµܺãκõĺܿ죬˿ڶˡ
˿Ҫģô׾ͺˡ
칫֪£˵Ҳ˵
칫ڹ꣬ȻǱȳ˶Ҫ࣬ЩһӶ÷ڶ
öˣѾûˣζ˹Ҫǹ֪ᷢʲô£úţЩ˱ȻҪ۵ġ
ǣūūһúûţźСǣź
һվţɨһ칫û˵ʲô
⻰ҲǷ޸ǰ˵˵ҪǴ˹СҲûˣ
ư칫䣬뿪ˡ
˺ҺúźţŹȥ
סһ·˵˻·飬˵ʱ
涼ǹˣʮˣȥʱӷȥģûӦ£ֻżӣ칫ۿҪ£ͰС彻Ҫǿߣ
ԭȥˣܾļʱž˼ӣˣ칫ɥˡ
һһ֣ѻȥˣСѻǶڵģô·
ôûѻǣ
Ҳ֣ոƻԵʱѾȥˣΪѻϰѾ棬Ҫ괺ܳ
ƿ⣬˵ǵϰԣ⣬ǰջѻ⼸ûˣͳˣȻڹˡ
ͷҲôģ±ҪúòС
үȻѻϲӣھӸһЩúѻϢʱιʳҲ㡣
šҲǵˣкѻڣǶһݱϡ
һ£ǼȻˣǾ˵ǹǽˣүô죿
»˵ѾȥˣϢˡ
޵ſڣŽȥʱһߺͰ˵ƽţˡ
ͷŮˣϸһȷŮû£ȥǼ
ҲˣϢһ°ɡ
°żϢãͷ뿪
˰ȥ˿ȷûʲô°ƲһߣǺ˵¡
ҵ鱾Щˣ֪һ
ȥͲˣαػҪ߱ˣ
ϾˣҪѹ˵ľɱˣȻҪ͹˵˵
Ƭ̣ȫʬɣҲ㲻Ļǵľ˱ˡ
ƿȥʲô
(δ)

һʮ ڹ

ȥ˿󱦱ϴɫš
ʣǵǼ
ֻǵģۿҪˣʺҲˣǲȥһ֣ȴǲ򵥡ˣƱ˭ֻǴޣᳯڵĶթǿ
ǽԸսҲԸڳ͢ķ֮ϡ
ɲģҪ漰⼸ӣ㲻¡
˵Ķԣ²ô򵥣ү׷׵飬ʱӦ˲ϾôⱳһԤıġ
뵽ˣֻǻû˵
Ҳڶԣϴ˵Ҫһˣõĵ
Ҫϣ
Ҫǹ£Ͳˡ˵ˣ͵ſڡ
ܼæŸ˳ȥƿѾ׼ϢĹ壬޶ӣҲȥϢ
˵ƹ·ƿһۺҹи۾ĺӣʣǼ˯ʲô
忴۰ƣϢѾˣΪ
ʱ׻˵ǱƼˣһЩϣȻҪʵպæ·ҹᳵ·Ĭ
嵭ȻɱôˣұҪǱСˡ
֮ƶοǴʱûҪץһֻɱһֻɱΪֹ
һ꣺ԭǹֵҲˣû뵽ﻹѪȷɱɱ͡
סڣȰ˵ֹ꣬Ʊһæſϲ֪ʲôʱ۾ǷĴ󱦱ǣһȫעĽζ
˯䣬󱦱֪ף׷ױ۾ס
˫ֻסƵƵ˼֣õϱ߲ˣԴӦƣһտԴȥӣЩûеǹꪵӡ
Ҳû˵ʲô޷ǱԹһ£ʵҲȷʵˣ֮ǰǹֵ֮꣬ǵ⽣ꪣҲҵˣ̧ڹؿ
үСЩżһ¹촽ֱսƿһᰲƣ뿪
ˡٲǾ߲ˣһܰƣԶҪѸմõ·ȥ
Ȼ֪˼ˣүСģ
뿪Ʊ˯ˣżӡ
Ӷ޲֣ҲûϢ
ƿſڣѩϮţĴţſ˽Ĩڰϵӹſڵ¼ϣƽſЬߵƵǰûˡ
ƿһۼӣȥϢƽϰҹ°ҹ
϶ճǸĺƴȥſڣܼſˡ
ƹܼæǰк
һҰѸ˿ڱҪ쵽ˣ׼һЩ£׼һЩҩģûСǣôģСӣ鷳̫ࡣ
Ҫ˷纮һȾͻСҲ纮Сӷ纮ǻҪգȥ˶ģȫҪ˿ڱͷȥÿзݣҪǲϱĳ¾ͳȥ 
һͰѱſվһᡣ
˹ȥڰƵĶ˵˼䣬ƿȥһ䣺үʲôʱ
үˡ
š
ƻȥ緹ܼҰѸ˿ڱſƽƽûˣܼһ߻ش
һЩģǲ࣬ܵмʮ
ô໹࣬ѾˣȻһôҲˡ
Ҫ֪ʮˣһˡ
֣ʮͲˣŶˣ
ܼ˵Ƕ˸ԺӣӸ˶࣬Ҫź򣬸׼ˣϴ´ɨĻҪһЩ
˵Щ˶ѵģ
Ѿʼˣѵһˣԭһٶѡʣô࣬ǸɾģҲ¡
һ£ӸԺ󽻸ƽƽӸ󣬲ٳߵ飬Ҳˣڽˣܼƹƾͳˡ
ǡܼΪѣҪǾӸ߲õĻЩ˻ûôˣ˵ǣأ
ǵûҪһƽҪµľ£µţպҪģҪģûҲǲɣ°ɣ⼸վˡ
һƽϵľӸ󵱲ϵľ
ŵùûж٣ϾĲš
ûǰĲ࣬Դ⼸󱦱Ƶ뷨׸ıˡ
ΪĸգȻҪΪȴ㡣
ԽԼĺӲȥˣҲ˰ĺӻˡ
ƽȥ˾Ǵ˽Ӹ󣬶Ҫƽȥ˭ڹ
(δ)

һʮ ȥ

ˣǴŰһģǲˣһŭӣ޲Ҫɱ˲йߡ
ֵôѲǻֲˣ
ߣúһʶ˵갲ȥ󱦱ˣתȥһ֣ⲻǺͻֲô
ƺЦڴǸ˸ϵ۲һʶҪ˵ġ
ƻعϸһ¹壬һƵģһѩѩ׵·ŰãȻѻӣòΣӢ
һᰲʣ
ǡش̹Ȼ
ʣɱˣ
ûش𣬰ƾ֪ʶˡ
Űƽţʣأ
ǸĽ֣˼ٻغûȥϧԷҲԸͶֻԷȥ֮ǰɱ
үֻ²Ҫگɣ֪ǸĻˣôܵõãһֻ֪үҲ֪
үսٻغϿ£
ôȻûүôò
ȻˣүҪ˼ҵҪگžҪľĹһĥȥ
վǱүġ
ͺñһֻСһֻèèĺܣСŪצ棬ľСҪС
үԸһҪԷٶѳ
үܳȫֻĿүôһһȴǸ˰ɣ
ߣ壿Ҵι̣ȴȲ֪ηߵغˡ
ϳͣһĻᣬǲǱ裬衣
˵ףһʼүͿɱģֻںү򶷵ʱҲǰĪģϾүֶΣⶼʲôʱƼ뵽һ˱Ƶȴܵʱı
ü¶һĨίģǱĴˣ
үûдҳӣҪǲıúõĻźףܻĸòǣ
šӦһʶ࣡
ƢƲʣʬأ
ɻҽˡ
үѵͿԷ٣֡
Ҫʲô취ѲɱҪһһʹ죬ҲϣЩ
үõˡƴȤ
漴ճɻҽ֮ǰ˳⣬ճɻҽģΪ˱·Ū࣬ԲŰ·ˡ
ëȻת壺үھǵô
ûȥ档
ȥҪƽѯ˿ڵ飬ƷҪú
ƽʹˣùܼȥ
ƽзô
ûУЩﶼûУֻ˽ȥˣȥҡ
ӣʣẠ̊́
ӣҹ۲һȻЩ֮ǰǲȫһҶǴұֵˣرӣΪ˺мʶҺһ˵ʱһֱмأκʱ֪ʲôʲôҪһҵӸߵ
оȻӸ󽻸㣬ȻҪָģѡϣɡƵǲЩ
ƽΪˣҺ˵˼ΣӶͬ⣬ǸֽڵңײǿаϹԲžΪѡ
һȥʣ˵Ҫ¡Ƽ
ӰףʲôֻΪ˽ûбҲ˵Ҫȥ£ҪȥʲС
ҲãһȥʣҲˣЪŰɡţƽҲ˳ȥƽر֣Ȼðһȥӡ
˹ȥ˳Ϣ
Ⱒţȥˡ
ԴŴϵۿʼЩƣҪʱӮһΡ
ͷĸ߰屾һ飬αΪ½ƽϣ
㶮ʲô°ɡԹ壬ñš
Ƶ˺Ժҵһ׶Ĵӣһȥľͷ׮һ룬ҲЪ
һһ˿æµˣƽʱ˺ʱһҲôĲһʱˡ
æˣһֱЪľ񣬷ŵӣøͻ𷿵á
Ӹ涼ǻ𿻣ÿ춼ҪôĲҪͣ
ͣ£С˿æŹذݼ
ɣԺ󿴼ң˸кˣﲻǹûôĹء
ǡ
ƷԸȥǰ棬˲ƣ
ƴһأ
档֮ǰҪˣתȥӡ
(δ)

һʮ Ű

æվߵǰ˸ӣӲμ
ɣָĲǷסĻϰô
û˰ȥ£ƽſţ͵
æ˵ϰߣϰߣ˶չˣǮҲٸܼܸ˵ϱˡ
£˵ϱ
ǣָĲڶĺܶˣǰЩӿ˼Ȣϱ˵ҲȢϱҪǼҵĹԸ⣬ȥ˵˵ֻҪ˲ɵģмһҲûʲô
˵İҲ⣬ſڰƵﲻ֪ûкùҪеǿɫһֻǺˣȢһ̫պǷ޲ˣԿ࣬ҪȢûֲۣܺúչ˺ҲżһЩкùĵطúȥкùͺԼϲϵģǾͺðˡ
뿴֣պҲúõĶԺ
˵ǣݣȥЩڸﵱ£ѾĪĶˣЩġӼ
˵ӸǱ⼸ձҪϲ˹ȥˣһѺ֣ҲҪ͵ӸǱȥģ絽ӸǱȥĺЩһɻˣǱ߰ˣҲƽѡģȥҲܶЩᡣ
ĪΪƽҪȥӸģ
ҲǴˣ˵ˣȻҵ
˵˲˵Ȼ֪ĿģҾֱ˵ˣȷʵˡ
ԥһ˵ȵģһȻǶмõŵĵطܷԸαҪԷԸ
ƽ˵㼸Σ㶼ӦŹ
һæˣ
ѵƽƭˣ
ʵҲпԡƷ
Ҳϲ˸¹򣬲ڵĺܣ˵˵ɣҪ㵱вѵĿԣ¾ˡ
ֻƽ˵ʶ㣬аµŻҪһȥġ
˵ȻˣҶ֪ûˣСǸǽģȥ˺ҪǷŻСǣԲžܾˣֻ˰ֱӣֱδƽˣˡ
ƽû˵ЩҵǾãϣһˣһ֤һİСǾˣҲ˺ɣһӵ˼԰ףæҪ¡
ȥӣվ
֤ˣǺŵСӣ˼㲻ή˺
ģƽ˵İͳˡ
лһΪͿءл
ƿӵû⣬һ˿ǵܵǺ¡
˵꣬˵ҪӲϸ顣
˰ƵĻҲ֣ô棬һʶôģʲôҲ
ֻ˼Ȼó£ӲЩġ
粻˳٣ӿҪУСӶھӸһһƲһƣһѻпܵģ캮ضɲȥȻˣˮ鰡
˵һ񣺡ƽȻûȷʵǸ˲ţƽʵҲ˼ЩҳȻʲô£Ī
ģһҳѾҪȥôˡ
ˣɣͽкţɷк󹫣ҲͷˣʹźȥӸǱߡ
ƽ˾ʹǱ뿪ˡ
ƽ˳ȥ
ߺŴ˺ͺ󹫼ˡ
ϺŲŻ
һ˳˷Ժ񣬺סԺӣǸСԺӣǺܴԺƫƧһţź
ǱҲ㣬Һܸɻ˻ϲǺܰ˯ҹԺʱ򶼵ҹϢ
ϢĵطԶҲӰˡ
Ÿ󼦵ԣԼһٷܳ
ŰѼ£˲³𼦵
˯ɣ˯
ŵĻ˼ȥ˯ſۺ󹫣˼䣬ˡ
գհƸճԹ緹ͿԺſڵš
ӸԺŵģư첻ھӸǱߣ󲿷ʱ䶼ԺҲǽƽھӸչˡ
ֻǰϰ߱Сӣ⺢ӽ飬в˳̶ԣҲûа취
ͨˣŲŴſڽ
(δ)

һʮ ҲС

ƱС壬Ӹ˯ţǲϢҲ֪ôˣǲֵģҲ̣Ҳԣ쿴㡣
ƶ޲ôһ٣̧᲻á
һԹҲڣŶӲԲȲ޲֣ۻˣ
ҪҲż°Ӹˡ
˵ɡ
ỹżæ˵
ǰһۣûżҪ˵·ЩǵĿСӣɷӿСӣ
ưѻС彻ţæŲ˲֣ʲôණһɾ˲ŸҰСӱȥ
ڻϸ˿С壬ü˵ǸСӿˣǲˣ
ˣˣûпʲôϻúõģǳ緹ʼ緹ụ̂ҲҲֵģ֪ôˣոհ۾ϣҿôʹƵģҲܿգΪȻҪӿɨζŸżˡ
˵ҿСӷʹӶҪСӿ¿
֣С۾¶Į飬ƺǺܲԸ⡣
ƻΪ˯ˣῴû˯ֻǽסţֻñ۾ġ
˵ɡ
ҲЩĺܣرСģܾãǾǸɽϵİѩɾһȾΪļˣ˭á
Ҳ˵ʲôֻǶ࿴һ۰ơ
ƵǲЩæŰСŵһߵϣ˵ͷ͵һЩ
Ҳ̬أæȥ˵
ֽһ߽⿪С·һ˵СĪҪӶеˣӸɸɾģʱϴӲģ·Ҳǻµġ
ƿһۺţǾúǸ֮ˡ
СĿ䣬·ǱƵģεİ۾ˡ
źܿ·һĽ⿪ˡ
˵ѵ·ж
Ӳ֪ҪСҲȷ˵ӼǵãСʱԺɹ̫ӴȲݣӣˡ
ŵһ£ĵƲȥۼֿ죬һסĵƣƱ§ڻ
̧ͷƿŹӢү
ʲôⲻôɫ䣬Ȱ侲ƵͷǿԼ侲
תȥƿӣѾﶼŵһߣСȫϣСһӹ۲ѣÿǺÿ̫ˣҲ֪ǲǺ̫࣬СģԲ岻á
Ƹѹˡ
СĿʼȫ飬ȫûУžˣˣôûа
Щļţʲôأ
ǳӣҵǺĳӡ

ƴʧɫôгӣ
ϸһ飬Сȵм䶼ˣСܵҪƵһοС۾ǿܵı飬ҪǴ˴δ˿̵ĵ飬ƻЦ
ƨһӣѾ֪ô
ôܣ
źȻ˵ѵͷ
Ҳһ£ȷʵ壬Ȼûôϸ£ҲǺϸˣûмʲôΨͷûм顣
һƵĻĸæŰС屧Ҳ˲ôһˣæСͷ˰Ȼз֡
쿴˵ʱѾˣ𾪵۾Ҫˣ۾һû޳
ŵϸֻСͷмССĶ棬ԲԲģľͿ췢ˣҰɫӲģȥǵġ
ȥҪŪƺͺżͬʱҪ
ŵ˻ȥ̧ͷȥǿ侲
ǰҲ˵
ŵôҴڿӱ۾ı飬һһ䣺㵹ǿץ£Ҳ֪ܣƽȥˣֻӾͰŵˣ
С۾Ź壬ǰѹ忴޴
ѵùôǶһӣһʱ£
źˣ˵ҪѬͷϣôǺã
ʺţѬģ
ŵͷӽвӣƽʱҰĲݴ࣬Խвӡ
Ǳߵţ򣬹ӣɽ״ҲǵģݴĴʲôܱϡ
һֻã¶࣬һھӼҵĹֻȫǣǹһҲлⶫһʼô󶼿һĸƵģڹȫǣֻôˡ
ҲˣĶһŪԽԽȥȻֱӽƤ⣬ƨɶûˣӵˣһ͵ϸ˸ңѬʱѾ벻İ취ȥѬû뵽ˡ
ĶƤϣҲһ̣õġ
ôУһӵСԴôССԴ˵ӻ˵ãѬǲУǻѬˣ
˵а취
(δ)

һʮ ⷢ

һ¾סˣŰƶǿ԰ѶӾ
ȻеĿһ۶ͷϵĲ˵ү֪ƾô
֪оƾǾŨˡ
ʣүȥŪҪ
ͳţڴҪŪƾǲף֪ʲôطС
ſޣֱȥ˾ӡ
õ˾ƾ彻ƣܣһܣطȷûˣĸע˾ƾע˾ƾĲðĭˣܿͳһĭӣСǩȥûжþͿСӵͷƤ
ͷƤϻмС㣬СôѾѪˣѪǲɫһ´ĺ˵Ǻܴ˺ˣ۵ֻᡣ
ﲻãûкúչ㡣һ߿һ߸СҩͺƫСӣˡ
˰С壬СӣӰͷŪá
ŷԸƽϼӸǱߣǲǻвڣѼӶһ顣
Ҳˡ
ļүǶµĺӣżֳô顣
ƽѾӸ󶼸һ飬ϸĵط涼ˣľƾӸһ顣
ƾƽھӸܣֹ𣬱Ͼǻ𿻣Ӹ˵ĵط
ƽСĽ
һжˣƽȥҰơ
ӣˣӸûС
ƱС壬˿ΧǾͼԺһطһطļ顣
ƽȥ飬ƺ͹£һźš
˵Ҳ棬ȷʵͺ˵һڲݴģôᵽģǶ죬ôģ
ɫ䣺˴ģʱҲװɡ
ү˵ǣҰС屧ģôŪȥģ
ȻӸûУǾԺŪϵģԺûˡ
˵иСѾͷд÷ģĸʣһ¡
÷ǲ֪ǽԺȷʵ˼ˣûƼǵ˹ɨԺӡ
Ӳ鵽һˣ÷
ƿȥ˵ɡ
˵÷ҸʼͷˣÿʱԺﵥţᴵӣӺСûһü
ʣڸʲô
һǺʲô˹ͨΪҲ洵
ȥҴ÷ѷƷԸתˡ
ܿҵ÷סһҵһƿӣƿƿһ£ƿ˿Ӹסƿڣͨ磬ƴĲӶ˳
÷أʡ
˵ȥʱͲˣұҲûҵ
ƿţţô
ҡͷܲҪˣͲôҪĶˣֻҪǱɱˣǶʲôطŻء
˵ǣ֪ͨƽþӸˣǿ˵ȥˡ
ᱧŶЩˣ䵽ƾĲӣ˾ƾĭˡ
˯ŵСӣİѺӵͷ򿪿˿ͷ棬ã˺ɫһ
ΪǺˣȥƸ˵ˣˣȥɣҺүϢһᣬǸ÷ҵ˽ƽ
ţζ㣬ҲȥЪŰɣ׼׼⼸ȥӸ󵱲ƽ㰲ס¡
ǡ
뿪ҲˣҪϢӡ
˶˹ʣǲǺˣ
ͬͬ˯Ҳ˽⡣
ư˶ȥȻ˼ɡ
ƴ򿪱ӣѶӵͷԭȱҧĵطѾȫˡ
嵹һơ
޶û˵嵹ˡ
ߣĩ˲õһϸŶӣһ߰ƿȥ
үôˣƾͲˣǺ£ʲôԹı飿
岢ûһѾʳѰֶһҪܸˣ
ĸҲˣǵÿޣ
үûϢˣʲôãⲻǶһݱôպóԱ
˵ĺǶƵլʺ񣬶ͰѵԸһˣǻ˵ãÿնʹ֮У
Ϊ֣ǿ֮ʲôʹģѵүϲˣ
ֻɱˣʲôˣ
帺֪飬ԼԼӣʲôˣ˵Ȼǲƽϡ
(δ)

һʮ ҹ빬

û°һЩܿ촺÷Ҳҵˡ
ƽĿݾҵ˴÷Ƹ˹ȥ
÷ˤȫʮң϶ദ˺ۣ˫ԲɣȥֲܿҲĿ
ưѻС彻壬ȥԼ飬ܸҽæ˵Īñְ顣
ҿƴϷõףҲܸҽ׼һ˿ʼ飬Χϣ˵Ȳÿ
ܸҽûʲô׵ĵط෴Ľǵȥˤġ
ˤǶԵģǱƺˤˡ
ָָ÷Ķ䣺һЩɫĶǶģ֣һʲôˤ¾˲䣬˹֪ԼҪˣвʣϿ־Ż顣
Ըȥǲץۣĺۼ֪ǲˡ
ӦʣϽ뾮߰ƣȷʵˡ
ſ壺үЩ˲죬ĺԼ˶ɱ
š屧Ŷӿһۣûжٵı顣
زˣʬӵȥ
ǡ
ȥ죬˵ľҲƽ
Ƹ湬ȥ˵ӸǱ¡
ҲǱߣ˽Ϊտġ
²򵥡˵̽˾Ѿţɱ˺ʹ÷ûйϵ÷Ǻˣڲ飡
Ƶǲ֣ʵѾ²⵽һЩˡ
˵巴ǺƽĿһۡ
˵Ǿȥˡ
Ǽͷˡԡ£һš
ƴһͬ빬
ȥĵȥ﹬
̫ʱѾ׼ԡˣ˵ˣ֣ôˣʲô
æ˵ū֪ŸСƿӣǾ£֪ǲǸ̫ء
ɡ
̫޵ƽȹڹ£ݼĸ󡣡
еĹɣ̫Ȼ֪Ʋ¹ôʽټ
Ƭ̫ѯʣôôģҹ˻ˣ
ĸ󣬶ֻǻֲ̿ĸѰġ
̫εȴ˵вĵϵӣ̫˵˵ɣ˭ˣ
ĸһŮҪʵ顣ߵͷ
̫֪ʲôʵ飬ÿµĤˣҪҸЧȻͿԷĵȥˡ
̫˵ɣ
ū
ĸκǲˣǻ׳ġƲȺ˵
Щˣʲôöˡ
ﲻˣҲұֳžͱǸСŮɡ
̫˰֣һǿ׳ġ
ȥ£ȥ̫ĸǰһЩ
̫۶ţǿʲôöõ໹ǹ𻨸֮࣬Ǻö
ƿӴ򿪣ưƿڶŹŮֱۣƿһֻСӣҲô
̫סʲô
ĸ뿴
ҲˣһĸмƣǸء
м
ŮҲŵòᣬۿǸˣҲûúۣǸоеģͿǸԽԽŵùŮֱ¡
˵˵вӣҧס˾ͲɿڵģһͻϵͰͷƤ棬ڿʼˣǲŪҲôһֱѪ
ûƨɣԵĳΪֹ
Ůŵò᣺̫̫
̫ɫ䣺죡
Ůæű죬˵ĸʵСԴϡ
ʲô̫ǲ㣬Цĺӣ˵С岻ЦŵʱЦġ
̫ɫˣ
˵ĸһˣҪͷǣĸʲôӣ
̫ƣСˣ
ĸĻǷּʱȻѾûˡ
̫ɫ˰ףһѴڷεķϣ۵Ĳ
ҳӣǵĻỹôһδεǻˣ
ĸβǡæŽ̫ͣȥ
ĸȴˡó˾ƾȥŵûʧɫ̲ס
ĭƿʼϸĴ
ȻûˣȴһӣѪ
óЧҩŮϣҩ࣬רģ⼸մˮ¾û£ҪǶ󼸴ΣҲãʵûô࣬Сͷ߸Ϊ˲ֻ̺ۣÿ컻ΣһҲʣµˡ
ڽԩ̫ԽԽۣ˵ô£
ĸ˰ɡ
(δ)

һʮ ̫Ʋ

̫ۺ˰֣ܿ˶ȥ
ƴʱ˵ĸ󣬴÷̽˾˵׵ˣ뵽ʱѾ˼ҪԸרŶԺ֣ǹԵģֻһˡ
ǣ̫Ǻʵ˵ʱѾ֪ˡ
ƳĬһ˲ĸѾˣһҶȫʬˣ˭ܸǱأ
̫侲ӷ뿪æȥ̫ϱߵ޵̫ʣ㻳ǴΪ
ĸδǴΪδزǴйϵ
˻û˭ĸﻹĶ֮Բܣ޷ʲôʱܵʱֵס
ĸ˸֪Ҳ¶ۣ˸Ѳ˹ϵ
ǣĵӲҲû˼ͼıܼҡ
̫˸ָʾƱ˵Ҫô˵вʡ
ĸ󡭡ǴΪأһݣʵ
̫Įȥ⵨ԽԽˣȻƵͷˣ
æ£ģ
̫ȥߣ㻹ģҪ÷Ҫ꣬Ҫˣ⻹ǲϷŹ
Ʋ˵̫󷴶˵ǾǴΪС˲˵Ϊ˸ӣֻǸ޹أˣ
Ʋ̧ͷȥ̫Ӹµ˵˼Ǻ޻ϲϳҵϳＯİ˰ϱ߻ֵ֣ȴûѹ£ϱ߰հӣ˲֪ˡ
˲ûΪĵӺС塣
вʣȥҪΪϳＯӣǺã
ø£¹Һʵڲ֮Ǻá
ĸҴ˰յ˰գ޿Ͻɹӣѹ֬ˣƽߡ
ӽ£ǾȻƣ漰š
ǳԴöȺǻʹһݻʣο
סĵطݻޱȣΪ˲Ҳƣֶ֪ʮˣȴһ˸Ҹ淢
˲֪Ǵ˸ˡ
ʣĸˣοĸ
ĸûвУڰյУǱĸ档
˸ССһŮ޸ɣ˶Ҳͬɣɣţֶ˸淢ΪΣ
̫ɫԽԽ۰ƣתص˷ǰת¡
Ƽĸ󣬴ıɱǴǴͼƺûзųʡеĹԱ᲻֪£οϣĸأ
飬Ȼ̽˾Ѿ鵽ǱȻ֪µģһʮʮ٣ʼҵɻڣ
ǻ˵ĸʲô
ߣˣ߷߲ƽģɲɲ˵ȷʵĹˣЩ걾ڹﲢʲôֻ֪Ǳףµģʱˡ
ȥɣҪǱҲ׵ģ
ҲȷʵǹЩľ޽ҲЩˣѹִ˻סˡ
˹Ȼ˽ĵģûУҲͲˡ
ȥɡ
ĸҪôװɵ
̫ͷ鱾ǶҪҧˣ
ǣˡ˳æߵ̫߸ü
̫󡭡µǴˣ
ȥ߻ϣˡ
ǡ
ϵ۸ոհѹˣͽӵּ̫ܲæŵ˳﹬
ȴûš
ſڵţſڶһ̣һӣдٵ֡
ϣ˰²ּ̫ܲϲ鲻˵
ϵۿһӣ̧˿˵ĸΣ
ĲҪ졣
ϵ׹ĲȻҪҩҽľ޽Ķ࣬ȥȻʰĺ
ֻǡϵۿһ۳﹬򺣹ȸˣչ
ϵ뿪ȥٵ¹ӺԶԶţȷ˲Żȥ̫
̫󣬵ϻôǾãϵԸǲס
ǲôʵҪǻеģѾУʱҪˣϣȻӲ
̫һӣӡ
˰ֽȥ̫ϣ̫۾һۺĵȵҲǲϲ̫ģǱΪ˹ȫֲҪȵ˻̫ġ
ʵ֤ûдûл̫ôסҺ󹬵ļѪ
̫Ϊ˾ˣʧȥ̫ࡣ
֪ΪΣ
(δ)

һʮ

ЦˣΪ̫ȵ顣
ҲȫǣҪȻʶԻ̫Ҳ飬Ȼڶ࣬ɣ̫ġ
ǣû̫ڱǰš
ֻǻ̫ҲǸĵˣףûбĴȣҲɡ
⹬ҪթƻģҲҪĲģҪһֻ۱һֻװͿġ
ߵվ˷ģҸģĲ
ȥ̫󣬿ٵƢͣܳɣ
벻Ҫ컯ľ޴Сֱʵѡϧ˸˸ˣ񿪣Ҳ
Ҳ˷ģʣ»ˣҲֻľ޽
̫󡭡ٵﲻǡ
СʲôʱֻƢѣƽҪǶĻ˵ûô
°Ҫϡ
ȿɣ㣡
ʱٵ¹ſڵˣͽӵּ⡣
ϵۿصˣٵ¹
ľ޽Щڷգķȥܣϵ۽žͿľɫĴϢ
ôˣϵߵľǰæ档
ϣȾ˷纮ҽ
֣ȥҽϵϣǾöԲľޡ
˹ԸȻʺڹоס
ľ۾ϵɫ˳ȻܣȴûͿ
ϵۣϵ۵ǺЦƢС޵Ҳ
ߣ
ľ޲¡
ϵΣֻÿš
ҽæŸΣ˭֪ľˣƢӴվҽû򵽣ϵ۴ˡ
ϵ۵һŤת˹ȥ
ľ޵ʱˣŵڴϴϢͷƨɡ
ϵ΢ɫȴѿǸˣ
ϵվˣѺ乬
֪ľ޵ѾˣƸո·æſ棺үˡ
ưӣ̧ſڣ˭ˣ
ٵ
ӵϢ㼱æ棬˶ôż
һ£ſʣô£
˵ŭ˻ϣ岻
أ
乬
乬
乬һãȻ鱻乬ˣ
ҲΣ֪ʲô£˵ߵʱǲŵġ
ƿ壺үͻ˵ʲôˣ
˵ʲô˵ʲôҲǨŭľޣˣȻľʲôƸ飬Żŭ
ƲҲǴȵˣƽȻСǼһЩܹľ޵ǱõĹϵòôŶԣҲ֪ǲǽⷢӣҹүҲŽվͷ¡
Ц͹˵Ǹȵˣ˵СǼͲˡ
ҿû˵ү˵ġƵȻϵˣ˭ϲ޳Լ֪Щʲô˵Щʲôǰһ˵һ㵱ˣַˡ
ǿ͸ˣϵ۾Ͳʲôˡ
嵹ǺЦǣ˵ǣǱ˵ģУ
ţ⻹࣬үվȥ˵ôƶ»ǹĵģϾ˵Ĺϵͬһ㣬ҪҲô򵥾ˡ
ȻҪȥģʱľ޳£һ鷳¡
үȥˣľΣƲǺ²Ȼǲġ
ľ޻ƿɣȥ˵顣˾סƵһڣ˻ûˣŮ˾˯ˣλү鼱꣬ĸвҪޣҲֲһ¡
ɿ˰ƹ˵¸ϻýϡ
ЩϢϢ֧
˵깬תˣ°һƬ쳱
ҪǲҪ
ľ˵ֻҲͷ
ʰһ׼
ţͼæ˹ү
ȥ˸ȥѻĿҪն࣬±е
ְһүġ͵һˣţͲκ˷ˣɷչȥǻǣүҪְ˴£պöסڿڡ
嵽˹˸ǰȥţ˸˳æŰѹ˽ȥ
ĲǴˣǹ˸ĴӣͿ͡
ǰȭӭȻͬȱ֣Ȼ˵ãҪǰй֮
͹ӭδԶӭˡ
΢΢ͷͿؿ𣡡
лվ
(δ)

ٶʮ Ҫò

һצӻɫӣͷʽڣͿ˶Щǡ
ǶҪų
촩ˣ³򣬸ĸֲڡ
ǹ˸ˣڽ͵͵Ŀ
ۡ
빬ȥһǰһҲⰫ˼֣СӦš
ǰ£˷裬봵ŲϵĲҶ
͵һעŹؿڵ
ģǲȥȥɫ̫һˡ
ýɫõɫ
ڴҴӻɫ۵ˣҲֻˡ
Ǿǻˡ
˲ôһڲ裬Ųĵʡ
͵ĸ˯ãϸױȥҪס죬Ϊĸ
ôȻˣǱȰ°ˡ²룬ɫ
ǰӣھǣﲦһӵȥ׼֣滹ûȰͱ˿ˡ
Ͼֻ÷ɸ봫취ＯӣӳＯ͵ѾˮȣأߣҲأǰ˰ǵĻ
Сŵͷֱð
º͹˸йأǸвʵͿһֱַ֡
˵һ͹˱㿴ɡ
סһƬ
ͺܿ쵽˹˸˼˱һЩˣ˱ӵ͵Ľ£ɡ
˱򿪣һͿ壺Ǹ״˵˼
һ˵ȻѾˣڹѾ£뿴Ļ԰ѾǸΡٽһʱ֪
ͱŵֶôҲʮˣȴС
һ߿ͣôһӣպҲɲʲô
Ŀ⾫ࣺ˴˷Ϊ֪ΪΣʱٵѾǶԻϲǶ
Ϣŭȥ븸ĸ׻ظһżѴʱ򽻴鶼ˡ
±ҲǸСµˣææıȥ顣
û
£ˣȻ¶·ȥˣҪһƤˣһ˼ˣΪ˻ϵλȹ̣˶١
µȴ³
뵽Ů乬³̲ס
²ɵŭգ˵Ҫܰô
˵Ըһϻظ
忴º뿪ʼȲ衣
½ŭһ۹壬ʵյã֪Ϊ£
Ĳ£ѯʵ˿֪а˰ӱѺ飿
Σ
±Ѿܲˣ忿Ͽһ£˵ȻѾˣǾѺΰɡ
˵ʲôһҪѺߣˡ
̫ҿ˾ˡָŹŭ
һɨϲ룬̶һصƬ
˲ѻȸһ䵽϶
΢УбҲˣʲô
סעŹһû˷Ӧ
Ҳŵòᣬæһ£ˣҪçײ
´ʱѾ侲ס֣֪࣬ˣҪò
ˣɿֿһĿⷴºˡ
ҲɣԸ˸ûбĿͣó롣
ǡ
æȥ죬Ҳߡ
תȥ
æ׷˳ȥס壺
תһͣδ˵תˡ
վſڵһ
±Ѻһ˵ȫ飬һռ侩ǶСԱΣ
ƹأ˰֧ƹǮƿĵطҲǹϵһط
ռ඼벻
һһǸ
̫Ϊʥƽպ˾̫
̫ĵʥҲ
ѾվһʱˣСӳ˼Σ˰ĵվţż
κϵ۾ǲ
ỹûæ꣬һֱۣ㿴ҪҪȥ̫밲
С۰ƣôôվţ˭Ҳǲɰ
жСӣСӱסˡ
ҡͷȥɣΪһ£ûµġ
ƾôϻȥǼСӣ
(δ)

ٶʮһ 乬

ֱ̫ˣһվţƳž̫˸к
̫Ƹ˸ӡ
ҵ𡣡
̫˵ͷתĵǰ˫ֲ档
̫Ĳ࣬ȴһƤãվһᣬƿ̫ˣƽ⿪ϵƤãȥ̫ϣߵһ߼վš
̫ȥڰƶϣۼϵӣȻˣ££Ƥã涯˶ûκε
칫ʼƮѩˡ
ҪżСӳˣվſż
ųµĹСæܵǰҪȥ̫밲æţôȥҲǸǰ
̫ѩ̧СӿȥϷȥ̫밲
СסȻ̫æŸ̫밲̫ūŸ̫밲ˡ
ˣϷ۰̫ˣתҪߡ
˵̫Ϳˣȥĸͷֺãµȵȡ
̫۰ƣûߡ
СӻҪȥż˵仰תˡ
С˾̫۾ͷվš
ƿȥǿ
ˣȻ¶ǰʱ俴岻ãû뵽ָô졣
ѩУ˾ôվţǱ˭һվһʱСӲܳ˽ȥ
ĵڣ̫ϵƤýСӣôӣ֮ǰڼҳƲȫͬƲ⿴ž̫ӣҪ֪ǸĹ٣Ϊˣվôһ鶼ûС
ſڶѩȥǰ;̫һ¡
μϡ
μϡ
ɣæ£ˣ޵ϵ۵Ȼ
ѾϰˣϵְϷһƸһ棬Ϳ͸ˡ
ӵĻҪӵӵġ
ƺ;̫˫˫С
ϳֵܷʵǺգԻϺ񰮣̫˵ıȽϹᵯɡ
Ҳ˵ðʥݣǳ֮
ϵһˣûľˡ
̫һ֪ͬΪ£ϵ۵Ȼ
ƺ;̫໥һۣ̫˵ϣΪ˻һ¶
ôˣϵ֪ʣһƬȻ
̫˵ģϵ۵ϷϣǰʱһֵӣѾھ֮дѾãϳڼδ֪£ռū߳һ˵ȫ£һ⣬֪һ¡
¹ش󣬳òʥ
ϵֻǿһ۾̫漴ô˵ճ˴£
ǡ
ϵۿ۰ʵΪ˴¶
ҡͷϣΪ˴¶Ϊٵ»ʹ
һʹϵۼװ
úõʲô
ϣǰʱȥٵ¹˵仰ʱҪ죬ȥ⼸û飬
޲棬ɻʺƹܣʵǵȵЩԩˣȥɣʺȥϵһ˵˰ƣƵҲûµ˼뿪ĵ
ƤðƳţȥ˷ǹʺ
ƳһֱիȻѾع˻ʺ죬ÿջǻǱԹеֻкܴ鷳ŻԴȷʵûжˣ֣ľ޴Ӳ߶
ʹûʲôƳҲʡ˺ܶ鷳
ƳƸ˸ӣμʺʺǧǧǧꡣ
ɣðѩǰǹʲôôƳҲ˿Ҳʡȥ˲鷳ֱӵ⡣
Ϊ˵¹ġ
Ƴһ£Ǽˣ
ˣ˵Ǻ󹬵档
ȥɣ׼ˣ
ˣתȥ乬
Ű뿪Ƴķ飬һſŵȥľˡ
Ƶ乬濴һᣬſ˶ûС
ƿŽȥѩȻʹֱĽȥ
Ȱվȣϸ乬棬ŷ乬һˣӰûС
ת˸Ȧ濴һɫĵڴѩԵζأǿܰԺ
ߵǱߣſҲûʲô˽ȥ
ܿĵƹ⣬ûˡ
ƻɣǲľˣѾͷôô
߰ʣô
оһ˵ģϾƵˣҪһ˶ûֵŹ֡
һֱߵ׼ϢңƲſиڴϣ棬Ӹţһֱڶ
ƽУľޣ
˱ŰƣűֺʵֺڣƸͿ崲ϵʲôˡ
ֻ߽ȥ˲ûתһζڱ²ֻ˱ӣ㲻ľҲҪС
ƿˣƵһȻľޡ
ľɫͨ죬ȫð麹ҲסĲ
æɨ裬ǷգʮŶȶ̺࣬ˣ˰Ҳû˺
ľޱסƣϸţأء
ƵͷľޣЩᡣ
(δ)

ٶʮ ѵõɵ

ƴӣľ޺Ѫľ޲ŻȥţҲѪûƸðЧֻϣľ
ľһֱ˵˵˰ʱźһЩ
ˣľȴŰƵֽĲϷſڴ߾ôľһֱ˯Ϊֹ
ľˣƲ뿪
ʱˣ˲㣬ȥ﹬ҺһƻЩ֣æǰͰƴ˸к
ʱôˣ̫ղκˡſţΪҪסˣȻҲơ
Ҳʱ̫˼Ȼ̫˵ġ
ľ乬淢ˣҸ˸ҹȥҪԵĶסˡ˵һ£ҲŻˣæŽ˵ĵС̫࣬һСŮҪŰȥ乬˸˳Դöȹȥ
Ƶл뿪˳﹬
ľһֱ˯ƾڴţ˾˯һᣬС̫ҹǰһҹ
ľˣ۾ЩãȻӽ乬飬ľ޴Ӵһľһ£ΧһۿƣĿףʲôô
С̫æ˵ʱϵʹµġ
ľûİһ۰ƣ㣬ɣ
ƺЦҪ˵ǹǲᣬҪ˵ǸҵǿԣһҾͻȥȡҩ䣬Ҫǲһ룬㻹ǲҪҡ
󵨣ǻʹ裿ľĿԽ䵭
ƿһᣬ˺ܶ࣬ȥԷ
ɣҲûʲôԵģ׼˵ʣʣˡȥԷľӹĽУҪС
ƿľ޴ӴЬֱȥ˰ߣӳԶ
̫๬Ůһۣûһ빬ƺȻı£Ҳ޷뿪ҲҲãˣˣ˭ֻ㣿
ľûĶ
ƺЦȥһƣǸʱô죿Ϊʹ˿ɱȵô
нѵǰôľû
нɲҵĴҲڹģҽϺλүڣץΣץ㣬¿ɲġ
ľſӵֶ˶٣Ц£ٸҺ˵
ʵҶΡƳվ乬濴˿
Ȼ֪㷸ʲô飬ȻܽҲ˵ĸҪԸȥϺҲķ꣬Ѿүץˣ˿˱߹صӰ˰ָʹ˵СӣүȻˣǿƶǵүһŭΪӡ
ౣذɡ
ת뿪ľ޿Ű뿪ıӰİһۡ
ƳŰֵǮĶС̫СŮˡ
С̫æŸƹˣҪ˵˵ĶǸ£ľҪˡ
Ҳǵ˼˵ǣҪǲҲⲻȥǲæҲˣȥҺǸȥ
ãūžǣʲô¾ܷԸһͿء
С̫æŰѵϵĶ
ҪǧӣڹҪûô͵ǰ׻ˡ
ʲôˣܿϣҲǵ컯
ӱȻеģļ˱ҲչţʲôֻҪǷ£ұģرˣһ߾ܰǰѲãֻҪдַͳɣȥҪûвҲˣҪһ
ٵ»ʹֻһýãˣǣңǿǧҪúչ
ôٲǵġ
С̫໥æӦʣģūһ£ٵٵ¹һ
ԺʲôģһǾܵ渶ϣͷһǣ֪£Ƕ۵ٵ㱣ֻ֤ҪٵԶǻʹʲô䶯ٵ˼һҲٵû˿Ժ
С̫ǲĿ䣬žͲǺöԸˣС̫ǲ£Ǵ󲻾ĻĵӹȻ紫Ե첻µز¡
мԴ˵ֻǻлϺ̫أҪǱȥ˵á
С̫Ҳף⻰ȥȥ˴ҶҪԴ෴̫󣬰ţȴʲô¡
һĻң෴ȴˡ
ˣæɣߣǰѼĵַдãʲôҲдϰɡ
ȥȻڹҪûеݾעҪ衣
˳£ľŭϵ۱乬ҪóֶΣҲ岻סЩΪūˡ
ӹȥ˳﹬˺뿪
ŰȥıӰǾãǸˡ
£ҳ浣ٵ飬ѵõɵ
(δ)

ٶʮ ѺС

ƴӹڹſڵţƾͿﱧСӵ
үôˣ
벻Բȵģô죿һӹҪһӳȥ᲻á
ߵ߰Ѷӱ¾Ϳ۾СЩίüȻûķӦˡ
Ƶͷ׶ӵС˰ɣ
С忴˿۾
ǰѰȥ§סˣ£ѲֻÿŹ塣
һûôϢƺܿͱŶ˯ˡ
屻ۣԻʹǸ˼֣ÿû¡
ص屧޶Ϣһ죬˯ѡ
Ūһ˵顣
忿һԣѾһ飬֤ռˣδ˳£ҲϣûһŲеġ
ʣأ
ӰհҰҵģмǧ㹻ӯˡ
ôࣿ
š岢Ǻܸˣӳ㣬Ҳ˲
ưʣүһ̰ôӣ
ǱЩ̣ˣҪҲ顣Ǻɸ֣͢һȺʲô
Ƶǿÿүôģ㻹ǿһЩĺá
Ҫˡ
ŸţȻǷ˴ﲻ˻Ѻֵ£¶ûУҲܿɹˡ
үǴ˴ˣ
ȻܣȻѺֵӣϳܷڡ
ү˼ǣ
ְɣ˳㳭ҿжӡ˵ƮƮƿȥû
үһΪ˵㹦ȥ׾˾˵ļҳˣô
ʲôϲʣλıְѡĵ
ƺЦҿү̰ͼǵӣ飬ķ½ĹҶǵ֮ҪҪԴۺүȱľӣȻܷŹεĻᡣ
ƶ졣屧ӳš
ʰһ£ҩˡ
ƽҲС屧˳﹬̫˵òκˣ˵ˣ̼ˡ
̫˵ĲУ޹תתȥϲĲС
µĺѾˣҲǾˡ
̫˺ܶ⣬յʱˣҲûа磬̫ſϲʲô
ŵƽˣſεСڷﴲţƺǺӵһûеĿţûͷһţһһСˡ
̫ȥץ㶫κС岻ӣһǺƵġ
̫˵ҪǶͺˣҲôͰˣ
̫ҲģϾӣֱ⣬˭룬С廹ˣ۾һգͲˡ
̫һ£ʣôˣ
üһСӣУֵĸ֣Ψ͸һƢƵģͲˡ
ƲܲԲȣҪƳţſû꣬Ķ͵űûûˣ
һˣЩ
ĸ˵ôһѸǴͰ۾ˣ忿һ⡣
ӴȻǸˣ⺢ӲǴ;
ڶԣ̵סĶҧ˲ãȻһԣҲ͡
˼ż¾
һļģֻҪúý̵ͻû¡
ȻҲ޷ʵʱŻһЩ֣ƽʱ¶ں
̫ЩˣעԼұӲԸСˣ۵ĺÿС
Ҳ֣ƽЩ̫󱰹ϥϲˣģϲĽ
̫СӵСˣ
СͰִ̫˳ȥ𾪲ѵĺˣʱһʱ
ϣ̫СӸˣء
̫ЩˣСһӡ
̫ԣֹȥС޵С˹ȥ˭֪С޸ӵľˣ˻ȥ̫
ӻѵƢӣͲ˵ˡ
̫Ҳ㵵ˣСŲԸ⿴̫̽Եĺĸˣĸɲˣԭ»ĸɣС尡ˣ
˶ţôСĺˣһСɻȥİ۾ˣһˮӿ̫Ǹ˸Ӱɡ
̫Цһ棬ľˡ
С壬ǲǲϲĸ˰̫ʣСֺţûʲô̫ķӦ
̫Ҳ֪ʲôӦ˵ȻˣǻĸǶϲɡ
һֻС۾ˡ
κˣ̫ȷˣ̫ô壬СҲ۾
̫СӱСڻģҪ
źɫķ޹ȥ
ô嶼ûá
(δ)

ٶʮ ǿС

̫Ҳˣ˵̫󣬲ūš
̫ʵҲЩˣһʱˡ
Ҳá
ҪڣС۾˵һѺһæ˼֡
ڿŵæ˵ūСĪ֣
̫Сӣ⺢ӵʲôס
Ҫĸһֱţ̫ʡ
С忴̫۾ţһҲˣ㻹Ҫ˵̬ȡ
̫СϲţūǿϵģȻҲˣ
̫һС뿪ҲˣС޹ת
˳˵Щ庢ӵĻ̫˵𳯷﹬£СǸȤ۾
̫˵СͶĿ̫ūž˵⺢Ӵһֱ䣡
ū˭Ҳ˵֣žǿ䣬Ҳȷʵ˼СӴ
ֱ̫ЩˣС֪̫ˣͷһŹ壬ʱעŶӣǸСڣҪǸŪˣȥҲͲϴˡ
ߵǰĸˣ
̫۶ӣӣˡ
С屧ȥСʵʵţ̫˿СӣСӵ֣С壬ĸ׼˺ܶ⣬㿴ûϲġ
̫߻ȥ屧СߵﴲϣŶӷ¡
СȻȴˡ
嵹ϰˡ
ĸ׼˲ٺöҪϡʹȥףôһء
ô˵С忪ʼǰĶ
˵СͯôССӣôʲô֪
˵С̧ͷһۺƺˣæŰˣɲҵСڡ
С忴ȥСǰץһ֧Σסȥ
̫һۣ㵹ģ֪ǻĸ㣬ĸҲѡһ
̫ǿ˸ЦҲǵ档
Сȴˣ˿һ
æ߹ȥһӸС壬С岻ҪҲ
ְһ֬С廹ǲҪ
Ĵκ󣬺ˣ²ֻˣСڣūҲˣôĶҪԼ
С忴һۺƺǲ⺣˵ҪԼǸӣòƵġ
屧ŶӷŵĵطץһҸ̫
̫ңЦĺϲ£졣
ϣС壬ôôС֪ۻĸأ
һæ˵̫Сϣܳء
֪̫С壬˰Ѵʰһ£С徹Ȼ˯ˡ
̫˿Сӣ᲻÷ˡ
㿴ôĺӣֲðɣ˵ΪչС壬칫ˡ
Ҳǰ취СڹñչˣҲüǵĸ̫ϲССӡ
ɲҴӦ˯ŵĶӣ»ҪƲУ⺢ӱƢԿɲǱܹƵ˵ģҪĸϲҲ޷ֻǱʹӣͶˡ
̫󲻰⻰ɫ˳
ʲôܺԼô̫ѹûⲻǵ£ǵӵ¡
ĸҪϲǾС°ɣиˣȥƣٵȾ纮ȥˡ
˵˾ˣ̫͸õ˱һæŽкȥҹ壬Ҫ
ﵹû裬Ҫ˲С
ûûæ棺̫˵СӲ̣Ѿһˣƽճţ̡
Ǿͺ˵ˣȥ׼ţҪʵģҪܺˡ
ūȥ
﹬ⲻֻ֪ǸѵĿʼ
СûǸûĵĵͲڸˣСһα۾ʼղκˡ
͸ҪƵģ΢ɫҲܲ
̫ҲҪϢ˯ڷﴲϣСһߣţһ߶š
Ҳ׼ʮţҪʲô飬Ͽʼж˭һҹСһûҲС㡣
̫ѹץα۾ûѹֻɫЩһ㡣
̫žͲǺܺãʺôһֱûѣ
ûѣֱ۾ھûˣǰūŻˣū룬ߵʱôǲãСĻ᲻Բȣ
ĵֱ
̫󷴵쳣򶨣Ÿʲôȥ
æ˳ȥ̫СӱεģĸãðĸӷֿĸˣĸԼӷֿʱ򡣡
Сʼղ۾СȨ
乬İ
СôǿͲϳʲô£ҪˣȻû˵˾ƫ޵סˡ
ڰƵͣҲþܾ
ͲСˣôƢһĳô죿
ôͳˣһѡһȻ
塭תȥŭĿ򣬰ѹŵһͣˡ
˵ʲôˡ
(δ)

ٶʮ ϵƭ

ƸŹ﹬ͨһͬȥ
μĸ󡣡ƸŹһͬݼ
̫ῴǾˣɣСôˣϾӣҽҲˣҲȻ
һ£æӦȥ
̫ǰæŸ˸ӣŰѶӱȥ
С嵽軳Ҳû۾ɨ裬Ҳûɨʲô֪ˣƢˣҲ˵ʲôֻ˵ëˡ
ë̫֣ôû˵ë
һ˾ˣƢȻ˭Ҳˡʵش
̫󱾴ҪС£Ҳû취ˡ
ˣȥɡ
̫Ҳˣһͱţ˰ʾȻȥתȥױˡ
⣬Ŷתˡ
˹ϣС۾СצӰĽθȥƿһ£жͷ׶ӣС㣬ů࣬ҲֻжŰƣŻ¶
忿һ߾ЩζǸ衣
ưպãŶ
˼ľ޵飬ƿú˵ʲô
صȥϢ
ѾˣͳȥˣżһᣬӾӸȥԺ
һֱ϶ûƶЩסˡ
ȥߡƴȥ˽ϡ
ھǻǺֵģҼһ˽˵Ҳʼæµ
ھǾˣҪЩո
ƸŰȺһ·ȥ˸
˸ǰˮһһѾװϳ˸վſʧǣһЩڿ֣󲿷ֶɢˡ
С˵˸Ĳʵ˵ϵʮϻʮ
ƿһ۰˸ǰ
ʮ½뿪ǹⷽ
뿪ٱҲһ֣ߵǰ濴˸ԹصرмŮˣſޣһ
߰ɡ˿Ʊˣ·̫Ʊ㿪չ;ͱ˽סˣתȥˣǾ̫˭
òϳž̫˸ӣ̫
Ҫȥʲôط̫
Ҫȥƻء
ԸһϷһˣȥط̫ôˣҲپܾǾ͸ž̫ȥ
ʽһȥƿһ⣬ʾ̫̫Ҫȥĵطصأ
Ȼֺ֪αʣ̫࿴һ۰ƣԼǸŮǾĲԩ
̫˵Ҳûжʡ
صأһǰһòž̫񣬸С
̫Ҳȥ
˵Σ治˴ĵطǰﰲҲûӡ
Ժ涼ηηûдֻţ涼ľͷ׮ӣҪȥֻȥ
Ƹž̫ߣһڵȣһηǰͣ¡
Ϊ̫Ŵ򿪣̫һ۰밲ƽȥһ£̫ȥ
Ȼˣαǫ飬ȥĺá
˵̫ȽȥˣһΣ̫¶ˣҪǲȥҪôΪǸСˣˡ
Դ󷽷˽ȥĻãƽ￴ȷʵǿ׳ôıʣȻӰ塣
Ŀ⣬ǲˣǲ̫õĲ
̫˵ҽĽǶйأòҲ٣黵ҲͶࡣ
˵Ĳ¡
̫˱ȭһ񣺡ү
¿۾̫Ȼ޲ôˣ˵Ц
̫ЦЦΧ
ߵһվǱͬģȻ˵
¿ƱƽͰǰһҲһ
ĸоǲмƽϡ
̫ȻѾˣ˶ʮͳһ£һǧӡ
̫Ӻͳҵ£ֻһЦ׬ģôԣ
ɲȻ֤ݣȻܳңȻе
Ȼˣ㻹ʲô»ôš
̫⣬˵лϵ˼ǣھϡ
²Ӧ¿̫̫ء
̫һ۰ƣˣ
˵̫ˣѰһηƶپϵƭˣ
(δ)

ٶʮ ̽

Źסţȥ¡
¿һۣΪҪ˵ʲôţʲôû˵
̫η⿴ţһᷴȵĲͷˣת̫ȥ档
̫һ˳ȥʾ̫̫Ҽأ
ǵģôһȥˣȴһˣǰ˸ˣ
̫Ʋϵһ۰õϷʱһˣʱϷ򻹴һˣοˣ
һ£Ӧ˵̫ЦЩˣҼǸһȥģһ·Ǿ̫ôûһˣ
̫ɨһ۰Ϸ˵ûоûУƭ㲻ɡ
̫ɲܿЦ£ҼǸ̫ģȴ˵ûүҪ֪Ȼݡһ׶񣬾̫ȻƿҪߣŲһ̵ס˾̫̫ɫһ̧ͷ
һϷϷҪȥǰһĪ˵СҲѲ˸ϵ̫˫ֱȭŵߣʾԻϵľ⡣
ɫһѿŴοһۣ뵽³çʱҪȳУ
ã̫룬¾ôˣҶȻү̫Ҫˡ
̫ڵģˡ
̫˾ҪӲΣεס˰
صأ봳ܴĵط£ȻҲץȥ
ļңһҲץȥãǰҲץȥҵҪ˭𡣡
һһ߳ŴγȥŵһҪӲ̽Ѱץˡ
ҲҪȥƣȥ˰ڰƵĶηˡ
һ·ȥƣҪȷʲôطΪǰҪߣȥ֪Ǳץ˽
һ꣬ǳ²࣬Ҳܸץ
ǲȳȥôҲȥ֪ͨ塣
ô£
ĿŰúͰ˵ˣ쳣ѿ
ȢϱˣǸϹۣˡ
ƼѣҪȥҰƣôû°ɣ
һ㱻
Һõĺܣû
ƶ֪˵Щʲôôаôһ
ѣû£
תͻȥˣɵĲԣһصأǰĳȥģΪҪܽȥܳȥ
󺺣һ˱һصĴ򣬴һн¾͸ˣһ飬ͷȥʱѾڰĽűˡ
һ㵣Ҳ̷ǸŪʲô
һͺˣһжʮⶫүƳģһ£Ūôڽ£ôߣ
ѹŰָŰͽȥˣͲ͡
ŭˣȥоǸΡҪ
ȻǸΡȴǰҪ֡
ΡȻΡ١
εȴܣϾˡ
߲ŲſںƣѰƺķ
¿۰ƣһЦ˻Ǵܸɡ
˴˱˴ˣ֮еģ벻̰ҲӲ̫ã³çһЩͲˡ
һһ׵ģѪӿһϲȥۿ˾ͲˣһˣûȾԵڵˣһµȥ
ɨ˲֪¾Ȼ
æŰ·ƽóŵ룬±ϵתʣ˾ˣ
µͷ˵һᣬҰȡ
¿һ֣ͷϰơ
ʱ䣬ȡˡ
һᣬоû˲Ƿȥš
ɺˣתȥηſڣηţˣ˰
ηû£ߡ
ˣûᡣ
˵ˣʲôطʲôˣ㵱ǵأܱؽ˶ǵ֮
ת£Ǹˡ
˺Ĵ㣬߻ȥ˼ҩǹĲҩ裬Ըһ£ʱǲ£ֻӣ˾Ͳ˵ˡ
¿һᰲƣԺЦȴ̾Ϣһʲôû˵
(δ)

ٶʮ Ҫݷ

һֱڣҲͲˣη֪ȥ֪ͨүˣүҲ֪֪ôˡ
ƵǺƽ͵ηţ¾
ֻ·˵ĻӦпܻᷢ
µһֱϢ¡
Ϣĺܺã֮ǰһֱܽ꣬Դӳ˰Ƹҩ˺ܴĻ⣬ʱ˯׹׺
ƺ־ãû¸ֱ
ѾڣűֱԺԺȻҪȥϱſ̧ͷ㿴īڡ
ͣ³ΧһۣԺӶûˣӸǱ߹ȥҡ
˾ӸֱŶǵӣſţǱ
ԱţҲ˳һԺˡ
ӸԺﲼ˲ˣ᷿סˣһҲڣǴʱԷųţһۿ
һҲԺ˲͵һңɨһȥˣûЩ֡
ƽӦʣ㿪š
ƽѾЩˣأ
ƽæŻش𣺡ȥһֱûȥ£Ѿɳȥˡ
û
š
ƽҲΪż
أɫأ￴һۡ
һλʿĸȥˣһߵģûлµϰףҪƽڵ¡
忴ƽһ᣺ҲҪȥСǣȥ
үճȥʱǵүųȥģӦȥ˵ĸϡƽɣǳڴ˵ĸϣǴǱߵˣǽץˣȻҪ븮ףǻʲôģ
˵ϼӿܣøڵκ˳룬ȥ
ӾӸ֣ȷ뿪ȥˡ
ҵľǴ˸Ǳߣ·ϸûдƵκ顣
˹˸̧ͷһۣ˹˸
˸һƬǽ壬ҳĿȫǡ
ʹʱ޸飬˱ץ˸ӻҪ˿ҲܲԲȡ
ſ˽˹˸
һʱЩĲ˿ڣϾСŹ峤ģʵСܵĸ黹ǲġ
ȻƽЩʱ򻹽ˣǺ׽ˡ
ͿؿףʱҲΪ˹£Ϊһ˽¡ΧɨһۣѾȷ˲ڹ˸ڣ˸˲ῴ־µ
ͻǵģйĸǹ˸̫ӡ
ʣ˵
Ҳæһֱûлȥոջȥ˵Ѱ˹˸ʱûлȥǹ˵ġ
һ˵ģ˵˸˿һĶûУȻǲġ
嵹ͣһΧʣ˸˶ô
ڡһԱ֤
һֱλ磬Ͼ̫ƽӹˡ
Ȼˡżˣתʹӹ˸ˣ˾ǣҹѰҰƣȥĵطȥһ顣
⼸һֱڼұţֻΪ˽˼䣬ûкͺãԾ﷢ʲôҲǲȥҰƣκμζûᡣ
ֱŤҲһʱˣȴԽԽ䵭ˣ˭Ҳ˭˵ȴٲȻء
ΪˣܵǣѶҲ
չ˵ˣ֪˱Ѻ顣
ôˣ˵ˣ˾ʹԺ߳ˣɫʮѿ
˿˭ֻҪ˺˰ƣǾĳˡ
վһ߿ţζӳ£˶硣
үңĲ֪ʣҪûоȥĵطˣżҵ˻ļ˵˵˻ˣ˿ɲˣ˵ʲôҪȥ׼ȥˡ
Ȱ˵䣬żҪȥҲ˵˼䲻ģ
Ҳˣ֡
ҲˣͶö˷׷ײ⣬Ҳء
ûȰܣҲ򲻻
͸һӴȻûš
˴ӷߣһԾ˷ָ죬һ׷ȥӺһ£˱һšֱת˵档
˿ŭһҪݷ򣡡
һŭˣת˺ԺХ
վҪ˶ΰѱˣ
ϴڣôҲſһ·صХŽѹϣŵܵĲӰ
(δ)

ٶʮ ̫

̫ãȻ˵ǻžȴʼˣҲ֪ôˣһ治ôѾˣһһ֮˵ʲôҪռš
Ļˣˡ
Ȼһ뷨ģܷʲô顣
ֱޡ
˿ˣ²ȥˡ
˾ôһţһ޵ģһŲ뿪
Ҳ֪˶ã˿ſ˯ˡ
ҲǼûϢˣԴϴλһֱҪȥס죬Ų׼ȥＫȲŶϢʱܳȥ
һֱûܳȥ۵Ĳᡣ
޵ˣҲ˯ˡ
һŴ˵뿪˱ӸϣҲˣ˲һϢ
ûˣ֪ǲˣŹţת뿪Ժӡ
ХŮӶǵӴģΪ˺ͺҲɷѿģֱһͷڷϣ˾ˡ
ҲǶĿϻ۵ˣ۾ŷſڿһۣһȥ뷨
ѵúҪ˯һţȻǲ
ҲˣұǷ츲صˣǵûȥæ˯ͷ
ϲŻصûͣ¶ͣǰȥϢ
ҵĵطҵˣȴûˡ
ү᲻׵Ҳһû˯ǵʧٵǱѲ˸ϵҲûвʲô֤
ҡͷû֤ݣʱԪˣոսҵ飬ǲھ
ڻûҵôһ£Ҳżˡ
ءҲżһߴٹ庰һŰˡ
˭żƽѾ˼ˣÿζ˵ûԶôȥҪҲһС档
һվţеŹֵ˵ү˵᲻ھ̫ĸϣ
̧ʲô˼
үȥ̫ĸѯʣ̫ƲˣҵĶ˽Ӵңʱ򣬶˵δҲ֪¡
뿪ʱ򿴵̫ϵһʽſվţʽЩŹ֣æת˹ȥƵġ
һʼΪסҵȥ·ŻҿұȻԭġ
ԽԽ顣
ߣȥ̫
뿪˹ȥ
̫ٱΧˮйͨ
̫ӭǾϡ
æűȭְμ˲֪Ϊ£
Ҹɱ˷ˣ帺ֶߵͰ˰֣˿ٽ룬ѾҲŻˡ
ɱ˷ǲŪˣ̫ôɱ˷أ
ûѾ֪ˡ
ֻѣһʱ̫ѱҲûҵΪĳʽ
ʽмΨûҵ˵ĳʽ
忴ͣҡͷʾû
ߣҪȥ̫ȥ˵˵Уǵ˭ˣ
ֱ̫ԺԺӡ
Ժſֱȥˣʱ̫ӵĴţűƿš
̫˼ôˣ
̫ǰ£Ȼ²ġ
Ŷ̫Ӧһ
ղˣ˿Ǹž̫ˣ˾̫ʣ̫ѱŪȥˣ
̫㱣Ź岻˵ˡ
̫ǵԴ顣Ϭ̫һЦ
˵ЦˣϷһֱŰôܰء
ôǻǱдˣȻǾ̫˱ǱȻȥˡ
ߵͷҲأ̫һ߽һˣھ̫վš
̫˵Сĵ㿴ţ˾ͺѪĳӣҪǲһƤ׷֣˳ѡ
ǡվŵ˴Ӧ˱ʧˡ
ةฮ㱻ŭˡ
ү̫Ǹʽ֮ǰģ˵ˣδ̫һЩԽԽòԾʽ϶ǿˣҲ㿪ˣ˲ˣڡ
úõģӦڣҪʲôⶼûУͺˣҲˣӰӶûУⲻǺ⣿
ת̫ҼΧ̫һȦϻ֮ͣǰҲ͸𣬱ҪҵԴж٣ñ˲
ү̫ܱ߻˼ңôҪ꼰޹ˮ鰡Ҫ˵ȥˣүҲͻˣԵģ飬һֳ²ý
̫ΧŵİնתƵȫĵطƺô𣬱Ҫ̫һ߲ˣ
˵깬ȥͺķүʲôˣƽҲ
(δ)

ٶʮ ɱ

һ󷢴үҪˡ
үҲͲүˡ
Ϳһ̫ĸţ׼
̫Ȳ裬˽̧ͷ˵ѾԺİնõ˱𴦣̫ǽ˻֮ͣǰҲͻ𡣡
ô̫ͷһڲ裬·¸ͲһҲ¡
վʣҪô
ˣˣֻ̫Ҳ࣬ø׷ˣҲðǽڷˢˢȻǶѿ̫̣Цѵôġ
ȴЩˣ̫̫ôģ
еǣǳ֮ҴĽɽȻȹ̶꣬ҲǷƮҡд֮ģ壬ܰȻ
ͣȴɼ֮ס
ڴŻʢ
˼̫ǾҪսˣ
̫˿ڲ裬²룬
޷նݳʼǴǻ˹uͣȻưոݣյһݱֻǴ߻̬صһ̣uͲưոݣҲŻ
֮ȴ޵ֿ֮
ǹ߹£ϴ˿ǲ⣬ǳ綼ᷢ顣
ǹֻһʼķ½֮ϴСҲڲΧĹңǻᵽǴ
ǲ㣬ͻЩСһΪ˹֮ʳ
ױȻһ㣬ϴҴ
ȻǲܽȫҲȻŹָ֮ᡣ
ô˵֮ҵuͣ
ǿ϶ˣʱ侩˰ݣܳȥ㵱ô
̽˾Ǳȷʵû˵ʲôuȷʵ˵
ֱ̫ʱ̧ͷһۡ
ȥɣ¾ͲҪˡ̫Ĳ£Ȼ
תȥ̫΢Уע뿪Ļһֱˣ̫ȥ˵ԺҶˡ
ûаʱ˱財ˣ޺Ŵ̫ˡ
̫ţӲס
һͣͷɢ˾ͳ˳ȥ̫ں׷ȥżŭ𣺡ȱУϷȱУ
Ǿ̫۰Ůˣ˭ǰȱУο̫˵˶Ƕˣ˵ƾĸҪûжˣŵġ
ȥһ¾ײϣҲŻˣϷôˡ
һҧס͵Ĳӣһ͵ҡŵòᣬֻýѶ˸ѹȥˣߵʱ򣬶Ǳסȥġ
æǰˣίˡ
æŹ帣˸ӣȻһˣ̫ҲӺݶׯ˹ǰȴƬ̲ҵ顣

˿𡣡Զ˻Ǻõġ
ȥ̫˳˵
ͷϢ
ǡ
˸˸ӣתȥصء
һߣκִȥ£˾ǸҽΡһȥ˵δţΡٱԸ˴˴δţκִȥơ
һȥƿµĲѾȶϢһᡣ
η˴򿪣۾ְ۾ˡ
κִΡ٣ǰǰݼ
κִˡ
Ρټˡ
˱ȭ²δᣬվǸ


˶⣬û뵽и
뵽ҹΪ˰ѾˣκִɻĿŰƣѯʵ˴֪
ү֪ʱ¹ѺûüȥͨƵû˵
κִΡҲǴˣȻеĵ˵Ȼв˵ԭ
ְ³ȥһˡ
Ρ׼ȥ壬ε飬׼뿪
ڶ棬һϣˣӦѾ˯ˡ
ѣΡȥ˶棬ſæŽ˰Ѱʹ򿪡
һʱȥƣϸļ˰Ƶȷû£ųȥˣΡס
ţȥү¶ˡΡҪߣסΡ١
ȥҵĽų̿죬ǲҵġ
ҲãȥءΡٵб䣬ð˵ҲеæŴӦˡ
ת뿪Ρٲȥơ
´ʱ֪Ҫ飬Ҫ
κִͰ˵ʲôſڴһ궯Ρ֣ȥŴѪĵ˽Ρ֪̺˵η棬ηסѰ
һЩˣΡǹˣƳȱȻǰơ
κִҲ͵˰ƺΡٵǰ棬ȻֻһĹ٣ܵķӦҪŮˣرǰƣ
(δ)

ʮ ִֻ

۾ôҲǷˣʲôʱˣôİݡ
ѾߣǳŴģϿ˹ȥ
˵Ŵˡ
Ŀһ۰ƣ԰ʼн黳ҪǰƣͻȢľޣҲ
԰µĺȻҪȴôҲĨɱġ
εűײţκִΡٵĶҪײˣһš
ƴӺ󷽿Ǳģ˾ȻµĶɸһ
ٿ̫࣬ͺɱ˵ˣҪ˶ɱһ
ۿηűˣһ
ĸ˵ĸ飬ηűҿһ˳š
һŵĵʱʲôˣ׵ˣСĵ㡣
ֵƼѾǼˡ
ɫһŭĿļˣһ֮أݶȷ
ƿˣʲôʱˣ㻹ڼӣҪǲˣǿɻء
ԷˣֱŰƳȥƴʱ֪ЩҪɱ
ߡƿ˴ˣ˳׼ӦС
ŭϷ̰֮
תͽ˴ҲЩԷŵɱۣǶܹѵˣκִΡٸǵĶ֣Ǵ˻
κִΡٶˣˤȥκִһ°ƣߣſڳȥһ㣡
ҡͷ˵ˣ㻤ԼӦ˲Ͼɡ
ʽģκִű죬ȫʹҲȷʵû
תȥˣ˾Ȼһ˵סˣȥæһѵη˽ֱ˳˹ȥ˼ֱȥ
һһѵƵĶӣתѾˡ
ơһѱסƣʹĺˣ۴ˣ˾۵˹ȥ
𾪣ţƻΪһ
ոյһ׶Ƕ㲻ˣһʮˣҲ޷
֪ǳ˳ľȻʹޣ
̧ͷ˿ոˣ˹ȥ
ҲѧˣһѶһ˵ĵ˸ɱˣתȥɱˣգ۾ǰ
ſһ˵벻Ǹز©ˣСˣΣڱǰһҪġ
˵һͦε˽ϴһŹ˵ߣǺɫģĺˡ
ŵϵεδĵѪ
Ǻˣ˺üԡ
һЦ˭ҪǴ˵ڲҪ˲صǣ˸һ˵ҲŴȥ˱ǡ
ǺǡôĵӣԭϷǿۣϷЩˣȻҪڡ
˹ǫˡʱѾ¸֪˭ˣ˵ȴԽĮˡ
Ȼɱ˵ģǾͱˣʼɡ
Ҫɱȴ˹ȥҪɱ˴˽ڽڰˣԸͨɱִ˲ڻ£ԸȴԵֿסˡ
Ρһѵ׼ˣҲˣ֮ǰҲҪõ顣
κִѾ˵İƿʼͰƳμ飬˶һճɵɵģЦˡ
򶷵ңͬˡ
ǰ˳˽һѳӺֱ˽оԣһתһˣסʤ׷һϣǽϣʹĲ
˶
䣬䵽ϣûӦˡ
һѳߣȻ
Ϊ˷ֹȥȷݵģתȥơ
屧ƣѰƱ˳ȥ
صѰƶϵĵȥѪİƳ
Ѿ͸ڵÿһζһΰƲѹ
ܳ˲ƿӳ濴ȥҪȷû¡
ȫѪŵˣ
ȥ̹ǣæŷӣվһ߿ʼȫӲ
ͼæһҲһ֮Ҫ죬Ҳ˲ˣϽӹһ顣
˯ִֻһ۾ҽԺȵϣԼˡ
۾һһЩ˼ǴԽˣȥҸʲôطԼԼŪȥҹ壬ù嵣ģҲĽݡ
˼ͿĽݱ˴һ䷿˳ˣϡ
(δ)

ʮһ Ľװ

ƱһĽҲû̫ľ˶ĥϢĿ
ϸ۲죬ȻھҽԺ棬ϻŰɫĴӡ
һʱ䰲ԽܵΧĲ￴˿ȷھҽԺ档
ҽĽݴӰƵ˹ȥת㿪棬׼ȥƣȾļҽֻǿһ۰ƣʰǲġ
Ǹոչʵϰģе㲻Ӧתε˵
һҽοƣǻϰߵģҸʱҲϰߣ㿴ڲһúõô
ǰôˣƳĽݿȥĽݵ˼һ㷴Ӧ̧ŰƣЦ
һʵħҪԽѾԻˣǸƵġ
˵˾ˣתűߵĽݣĽݵ棬ȫӲ࣬Ҳֻֻܶġ
עĽݵ֣
תȥҶһûжȥطңȻֱҵϡ
ڵ񾭲Ժеһ㣬ðƺ⡣
Ǳ뵽һ㣬ֵͨڻţҲ˽ȥƸ֣ôϵȥң
Χһ£Щ˶ŷҲҪһС
ҵһңڴſڵһᣬ˰ư˴Ӻһ§סͰѶԷˡ
ԷεƻϷٰԷȥ˵ͨڡ
Ǳ߶ԷŰɨ裬ɨͨͿԽȥˡ
ݰһ·´ﵽ㣬ƺɣ϶׵ͣһ޷Ԥϵ硣
ݴ򿪣ų˳ȥʲôƶΪ涼ӣܳأӵʱҪС
ӵݳǰһտĵطǰţߵǱߣѳͣ£װƽģʽҪӷʲôطС
ʱиŷѾ˳ߵʾⰲƲҪڿˡ
ƵȶԷߵֱӴӣðȻıҺ
ΪҽԱҺʲôƵȻ֪һıˮ飬ֽи߼飬һЩʻĶһЩʵõĻʣֲﶼпܡ
Էӿһۣһߵͷһ˴ĥɰϲŵľȻ˵һ࣬
Ƶ˫۵ԲעŶԷŵıҺҺиʢĵطӵ˿ۺãסóӣ౻ŵ棬ģĸָ඼˹
һСֻǿǸӣͺܿ뵽۽Ĥ
һ˱ժе٣˵ûвĳٻǶٻȱ٣ڿڰƿ˵ٱȫժպˡ
ƿ־壬뵽Ľݡ
汻֫ǲĽݡ
ٶλˣ׼ߣתȥſڣߵſڵʱһǹȡ
˭ԷĮƻȥҺ׼Ӿ˹ȥֳһƬңԷΪ˱ĶҿǹڿһţѶԷߵĺ
ƾͳᣬ˶ԷǹԷҿǹǸңһǹҪ˶ԷԷȫһһͷԵ˵ϣתһǹȸˡ
ץס
ֳԽңȴѾȥ档
ϲ棬һѾȥѪܵǱͿһĳӶ˳Ų·ļٵ׼ڶ˵
һǸĺңǵĽ
û뵽Ժ澹Ȼֹȥһǹɱס׼һ˿ˡ
һ£˾ˤڵˣ˷׷׿ƣɷĳȥҪɱǣ׷תӴܣǹһŹ˶ˡ
תƿųļˣ⼸˷׷׿ƣÿһ˴ʱ԰ƺ֮ǣЩ˵Ҫ͵һĵطȥһЩãǸ߼Ǯģû뵽ƸƻˣǵȻ᲻ġ
ƱΧסǹѾûӵˡ
໥һۣѰƵȡܾȼһ¾;ȼһ¡
ŰƳȥʱһ˴ųǹſ£
굽棬Ϊұưҽʬ嶼ŵϣĽݵǹ¡
һǹֵΧѾĿȫǣƵһᣬһߵߣһѹŵʬ壬̧ͷߵǰ˿
ϴԲװϿųǹĽݻ˭
ӳһΣ֪Ľװģ
(δ)

ʮ 

ϷϷ仰治ƭ˵ġ
ƲĽݣƫƫǼĽݡ
ĽѰƴӵʰƣôֻˣǲ᲻ң
ƺȻ֣һˣûмֵˣͱȷ˵Ľݣ֮ǰûĽǸˣôǸͽӡ
֮ǰĽģһȫǻһһ
ãǸٵġ
ƫƫĽݾǻ˻ҽҲʶ
˵£˺ˣǻˣЦΣĽ˵ʵܸӦõĽΣˣԾˡ
ܽһ£ĽҪʱͲԶԽʱջϹ棬Ľݡ

Щʧ˵õĲˣˡ
ŪرΣһεľñôطˣŶá
Ľݴ˸ֱӰѰƸˣŪİƻеͷˣǸʲô
ӳǸʲô֣ͼŪĽݸһЦͷ˰Ƶһ¡
Ʊһ̧ͷĽݿ񿴹һ
ӳʲô
Ҫ㣡ĽЦãɽܾһ˵ĹҰԼԼãеѡ
ӳǲǾˣϾǾԺҪŪ
ΪһרҵѵҽԱ˿ûʲôģƸоͲô򵥡
Ľһ£ŰƿʼΧ
ƳҲͲˣĽݣӳﲻǾԺôôһٵԵĵط
ԭȷʵǾԺԺΪıȡ˽Ҫľ񲡲پףʼûʲôҲŪһҪģǺԽԽ̰ģʼľ񲡲˵ıȡһ·ˡ
Ѿ˲˵٣ǰʱºܹע˵ҹ˽ٳơ
ҽ£һֱ
ЩãȻҲûʲôΣյ飬ôģ
Щ˷ȷʵʹޣϧ
ܿ˳Ʊ㿪ȴĽסֻĽ˳ȥ
ӳ
һռλãÿ˶ȫװĽݰ˰֣һ¡
ʱߵߣѰƴߣĽһסĽݿȥʲô
ӳķԱô
Ľݵɫ˳š
զ࣬û˵
ԷҲһ㶣ĽݣӳûУʲôʱˣ㲻ϱķ˰ɣ
ŷˡĽûĿһ˵ˣ꿴ǱߣĿɨһۣ漴ҪѰƴߵˣ˵֪£æģոҪûնҲûôΪ˱֤Ȩ棬Ҵˣô
ûСֲͬ˼Ƶġ
ƴʱ۲Ľݣ֪£Ľݵӣھϴ뿪ʱûжã˰һʶ
ƱߣҾͿʼ٩Ľ鲻ŰȥһվţѲѾǵڶˣƱһֱĽæˣһ뿪
صоƿʼ꣬ɱˣǵʲô뿪
ԷĽ÷ˣڰƵĶ棬Ʊڴˡ
ӳʲô˼
ˣɱȻû취뿪ȻһֱڿʼҾͲ
ӳҲ̫ˣôһˣô˵Ļô˲⡣
⣬ⱿʲôʱңĽݳķܰ˵ʲôᣬ˵Լ飬˲֪ϴ뿪ڣѾһˣһ꾭˺ܶ飬ĽѾԼĿС飬оԴԽĿ⡣
ͷۻӳǴԽģҲܰЩ߸ˣô˻㵱ɷӣ
ĽݺЦˮˢëϰȥϴˡ
ƿʲô˵ͨԲ˵ˡ
Ľ뿪ƿʼ취ͼͲУԽŪԽҲԽۣû취ŷ
ĽݻѾ˯ˡ
˾˯ڴϣĽ鸴ӣȫ˶ΪˣûУ֪ûС
һ춼û˯ѣ屧ŰƻδӰ˼ϢտƣͬʱҲѹ˴Ժ
γ£Ȼܼðգ˲ܷţֻ͵˴Ժȥ
ʲΪʬ׹ڳǽ棬ҪҲð
˵֪£ȥһ˹ȥ
(δ)

ʮ 

ʬ屩ɹ죬ѾĿȫǡ
˴Ӵѹһʧ
ŭˣվģ
˴ʱ鲻Ǻܺãȷʵ˵ǸˣˣֻǶԳ͢ľ
ܶԱΣʼǺõġ
ɱʬ屻ڳ¥汩ɹ鲢á
ͺʧȥõѣﲻ
˲ûκη෴ֻǿ
һ˿ޣŭˡ
ȻǶģǱ㽫ںεأŭ
ֻ˵һ䣺Ҫȥ
˴Ӵţҳȥ㣡
˿ȥĻ䣺ǾҰɡ
ߣѾ˵ˣҪջȴѾˡ
ۿˣ˳ȥҪʾ⸮סˣκȻֻǶ̶̵ļ£ڸȴֱȻûȥ
û뿪ǰѽĶ˳
ûʲôһ䷿档
ЩãȻ˴ʱޱȵҪң߰ɣ֮Ҳˣڿ˵ϲңҴûܹϲڸʲôʱ򱻹ϹҷʲôˣҪң
ܣԽԽί
վһߣŭڣʱˣ
ûйţԼԼˣҲȥŶУҲŭ
ԶѾʼЩʶˣûж⣬ֻǲ֪ϲ
û˵ֻǿŶˡ
˿˶ˣҪȴ֪ô졣
˲ʶϲ֪֪ȥϲ˵ݾˣˣӲǣأ
Σ
ԽԽ˵˵ſ
ҲѾڸˣΪ㻹Ҫ˵
˲˵ˣŶֲֻᡣ
һ棬Ŷ߰ɡ
Ҳ֪Ǻá
ЩǸ֪ȥϲıү˶֪⿤ʱ޿̵Ķţ˵ҲҲǰٰ۰Ϊ˾⣬ҲǸһ;
˵;ֻǿźãη壬ʱֻƴӣûкܶĸ飬ȴ
ÿ쳳֣Ѫ⡣
żƢԴףҲΪ˿Ҳر飬ǼʣǳԴˡ
ҪţǿˣǲǱ˿ô
ѡ
˳˶ܼҼæߵǰүѵô
ΣҪˣҪȥ״Ρ
ܼ޵Ļ˵
үʱ鼱꣬ĳʲô飬үôڳ¥ϣǿЧȵģЩ˶㶼ȴҪȥˣүͲȥҲҪһ㣬Ҫǰʬǿɱͷүô
ôһˣĻˣǺã
Ī˵ͨѹүҲ޹Ⱑ
в֪ĵ
үȥ֪ͨأǸѹȻӲɣ
ȥùܼ˵еֻ˰æˡ
²˳٣Ҫܼȥ֪ͨϷˣȥ˳⡣
˵˳վ﷢Ҳ֪¹ش󰡣ȥʬɾ鷳ˣĪ˵ͣǹҲסˡ
˵ûأɱҲΪ˴治飬ҪȻҲ³˵ǲǣ
ֻעʬ巢
Ҫȥһߣ˵˵ʬ屩ɹ֮Σ
Ƕ죬µܱɹ㿴Ǳôɱˡ
˵ĳɵŪˣ϶ǱѩıɹɹҪУڸûȵʱ˵ɹѵǱɹô
䣬ܲ˵Ǳ
˵ͷˣȥ׼ѣͳԵĶһ̡
˵ſ򶬶ʲô׼ֽǮ𣬱ߵ̫ᣬһݣȴҲٻ飬ҪȥܵظЩСǻ۸
Ķˣ˲ϵᣬæ˵ȥһҪһ
ȥɣһ㡣
תˣ˾վڳǽ棬ӭźվţ紵ˣѩ£Сʱ飬顣
(δ)

ʮ ܳ

˶ûϲˣʱʮꡣ
۾Цĺܽô
˵ЦʿԸ޸ʱ򻹺СҲûʲô˵ԣ־òУ˵ƣôܳء
ȴ˵˼ҵĹﲻԸ޸ף˼ҵֿϣҪȢϱˡ
˵һ⣬Цˡ
ܾò˵Ҫûкù޸Ը⣬ס
ܸˣ˵ҪûкùȢס
ΪֻһϷԣû뵽ġ
ߺҲŵģһһг棬ȻСȴϲ/Ľ֮飬ƺҲһϣԵİɡ
˴ʱһΰţЩ
ôţˡ
Ҳ侲࣬ε˳ˣЩ²÷Ͳ÷ԭ͸þܾŻ£޸ΪǶͶϲϲһҲúûţôһҲǺõġ
һ˷ǣĴˡ

˴˸кüͷ壬Щˣʧˣ
˸˸ӣүô
㱻һ̶ת˹ȥ
ҲͶ˵ʲôֻ̧ͷų¥ϱѩǵʬ壬ѪܵģĿġ
侲Ͳ˵ˡ
վһЩ֣תˣҪˣԭֻȥһҲûˡ
۵Ҫˣû£úõΪʲôҪѹu͵ʬŪ¥ȥǵ˸û£СӶû˹£ΨǶڵĲᣬĺڣ
⿪ϵ۸ϣŤͷһ۶ллү
ɫѿʲôллģҵģԼˣôҪлл
˲Ͷתʬ壬ĽƣҪֱӴضκģʧӣĲ̡
ʱҲѹ
ǵһᣬûϾ뿪
˾ôվţһֱȵ˹
ϷϷ۲ѣæߵ˵ǰ˫ۣҲ§ס˹Ϸˣĸ
Ϸ̾Ϣģĸˣ
ҡҡͷΪʲôҪ
ϷƿˣϸĽͣǸҵˣҪ־͹컯ط
ϰ˭Ҳ޷
˻ЩʱֻѹһЩ
˿ʬ壬ؿڵʱؿʲô˿ٳ˹ȥڿһˮֱӷȥ󾪣ҪȥȴϷסˡ
⿴ϷˣϷ˵˶СͶ£Ǻģһȫֵģ˶Ҫȥʬ壬ʱ䲢ûУͲˡ
һ£о˹ϷǻлŹϷʣϷʲô˵
Ϸ˵˶ģԶİݲһ㣬İȴûУ˶ڹο֣ǶεĲ֡
ڵʱ˶ͺܿ࣬ǲ۰˶ѹ
˶¼ޣǸһҹܸˣҲŵԣʵˡ

˶լʺ֪ģֻѣ˵޸˶Ǻ룬ȻѡҪ˺Ҫɱ
ѹԭֻǿﲻԶûб
ȴ棬СèСôû/Ȩô
ʧ
˶Թ˵ǹ治ӣȲСζķκִ
Ƕ֪κִδζģζÿ챻ǻţһ£κִģˣ
е˶һͬʣҲ˫ѩ۾֮ԶκִãΪκִζã˸мǶΪҪм
Ϸһ߿Դǣ˰죬ȵץϵǸʱ򣬶ſȥ
źɫߣӣΪҪôݵĻŲô
˿ͷϵʬ壺ʬҶղˣǺοأ
紵ѩХĹˣڿնȥ׷ߣȴһ׷
õҲͣˣԣŹߣֱ˺飬˫ǵ۾վûġ
Ŀһˣ̧ͷŷѩǵʬ壬ˣƽʲô
ֶĹ˹ȥߡ
æŽס
(δ)

ʮ ʬ

ߵϷ˵ͣ£Ҳ˻
˵лл
ǲһ˼ƽϣǲ㣬ǱȴҪΪѹҪѱȥѹ
Ϸ˿һˣ˵˶Ҫ׼Ķ׼ˣҲøվţˣûѣֻһ˲˻ˣվǲá
һߣȥɣҪĶ棬ȥţĸʹˣˣҲһҳӣѣˣҪΪ֮޿ɺǣĸ㣬ĸȻȥˡ
Ϸ˵ˣĿ͹뿪ת档
ȥҲȥ档
һ߲öѾˣҪͶ롣
Ҳá
Ҫ£Ͼ˵Ҫˣ¹һǺɣҪǶúаӣǾҰɡ
֪˵ʲôˣ
һҲ֪ô죬ɴˣ
ȥȻһãȻ֪˵ʲôá
Ŀˣܱ֤飬Ը㣬ֻҪţֻҪ㻹ڣͱȻһˡ
סŶеãȻģ֪ƲϱΪ䲻㣬ҳӲҪǻ֤ǡ
˿һ棬һ߲˵ˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴô˵
һֱһطţһ߾ôš
˺ܶ࣬ҹʱȥֽǮȥεĵطֽǮ
ֽǮʱ˵㵽úñ֣Ҫһõȥ±˿ɲҪˡ
±Ͷ̥͵Ͳˣ۲Ŵԣ֮ˡ
֮Ͷ̥Ҿʦ̸ҵҶ̸㣬һ
гһգɳսҲԲһˣ
˵˵ſվһüɫǼΪʲôͲһ÷ˡ
үƽ
Ҫʶˣʲôˡ
ֽǮʬ壬ʶ˵ô
˵졣
ǵڼˣɫࡣ
ҵˣֻҪ˽ܷˣڻ֮ô˵ҳҪʬ
һʼҪôʱ͸֪³̫ãнҲӦá
ǵʬ뿪
˵Ҫ
ţ˾һˡ˵ͻ棬ȥ˯
һ£һûб˲Ҳߣ˸˲ٱӣ˳¡
ϣȥйٱʬŪ׼ʬ
ΧһȦֿʼ̣վڲԶſһȥǧ൶϶⣬ǿ֮Ȼˣû˾ọ̈ҲûӦ
æŷˣ˵û¡
˺ܿɢȥˣϵǶѶ¾ˣǲµģֻܹʬ
мһ¨ӳǶѶŵ棬˵ȥţŪʲôطȥˡ
ֱҧҲûˣǶǶ㻹Ҫʬɣ
˸ͲɿŶ档
ϸ˹ȥгʽںţϣ˽ס
ڲԶ˹ȥ
ˡ
̽˾ȥһˡ
֣ȥ
ԤЩ£Ҳ̽˾̽˾⡣
ô˼˵Ҷʲô¶ûУǹϷ˽סΪȥȡʬʱ䡣
õĹү飬Ȼ̧ͷҲԸȥ飬κܹϷ˵Ķݣֻ¡
ͷһۣȻҪȥ̽˾ֻܸȥ
˵˵طҲܿˡ
ʬ屻ӵȥˣѾɢˡ
ȥ첼ȥײŪһСײ
ҲתˣʰʬƬǧ൶գǹʬ
ʰãҲˡ
ĵҪ˻ĴޣʬƬѾʰˣΪǶģԲûѪΪȵģʬƬжѪȻѪڻ˫ֺȹ϶Ѫ
żֱޣãĺϲ
ֻѹ׳־ȴһ³
(δ)

ʮ Ĺ

һĵطʬ𻯣¹ǻҷŵСײ档
һĹ˲ת뿪
ͷһۣĵʣ᲻֣ᷢ
ᡣ뿪سǡ
׵;ˣŵ£δؾӶ
Բϲɣȴ޷ʲôûй
Զȥһ˴ӲԶ˳˴ߣŹķĹ˺ܾá
ӣǸˣŮ˵˰˰֣Ůӵ˵ͷЩԸת뿪ˡ
˿һᣬ̧֣һĹƿˣĹĹײڿնķѣĹǻŷѩǰ׷ɣһ߷˳һסߣת뿪
취֪ͨĹѾˡ뿪ǰԸ
ŮӲĵĴӦǡ
˻صȻ˶ԡʰһЩ׼뿪
̽˾Ǳߺ˼裬Ҫ˲űߣߵʱ˽Ķ˵˼仰
ס
ת˵ΪuʬѾˡ
ɫʲô˼»Ҫôǿˣʬ˵ġ
һ⣺ԶΪ᲻˵ĳȥҶˣû뵽ķӦ˶ԶŹϷ˻ܸ˾ˡ
м¶Ҫ׼
£ﵣ»ǣˣʱѾ˲Դˡ
ȴ˵ĹѾ˻ˣ̽˾ȥǱ߾ͿѾ˻ˣΪʲô֪
ɫ˳Щ֣˭ģ
һ̽˾ڶҲǶô˭ģ
ɫԽѿĿף뵽ʲôҧuͣ
û˵ȥ̽˾Ӧ֪˲
̽˾֪˲ֻ֪һѿǵļı
̽˾ǰĲӣû뵽ֹҲ˶ǶӦò֣̽˾˵һ˳ֹ˷Ĺһߡ
̲סˣ̲סΪŶԡ
uͣƲ
ҧгݡ
˵ǲ򵥣uѾˣľǹuͻ֣Ҳһˣˡ
ʼҲϣ
ȥʱģ
ûԴ˵ҪʲôףҲҪʲôıԹuҪҪʧ
ĽƾͼƣͬҲǹuʧ㡣
ֻҪҸطȥ׼ʱ
İţΪҪµ޵׷ɱ
Ƕܲȥģ෴ȴʧȥ׵ݡ
Ӵ˺󣬹uҲڣһı
䣺Ҫʲô
Ǵˣһ֪Ҫ¹uͻŵ飬Ҫ˱ڹǷĹ˭˵ģҪиӦµġ
ǿʵˣ͸ñ۸
ȻЦǷĹֻбܻǲǣ
ǡ˵ֱQŭôˣѧô
ת뿪Ӧˡ
һЦͶ
ʰ׼뿪ܼҴһ֡
ʣôˣ
ܼ˵ոˣѯǲȥ⣬˵ʬײˣǲǶˣҸˡ
ûæ˵˵û˵ʲôŶҪˡ
ܼ˵Ǹո뿪Щˣֶææĸϵ˳⣬֪ʲô£ҵʬ˰ɡ
䣬ܼұ˫/ȥʮֵĵͷ˵Ҿ֣ʬ岻ǶѾˣЩʲôѵҲɣ
ܼҲ⣬Ҳ⣺ʬǾûôΪʲôҪң
ͷˣ̾ͳ˳ȥֱ⡣
濴ţ˳ȥҲ˳ȥ˳ⱻٵķĹǱߣҲסˣĹٵˡ
վһʱ˶߹뿪
һŮȺ￴ˣǺ޼ˡ
Ҫ뿪ӵ˼
˶ˣߵĹǰѾٵķĹת뿪վ
ʣ㣿
һ˵ûлشתˡ
Ż˶ʰ뿪ˣû
ܼżתſȥǰ˴ֵĲʲôηֿ̫ˣôֿЩˣô죿
үҲȥȥ
Ҫȥʲô취һߣһ
ܼʣҪ̫үν
񣺡ô֪ǡ
ʲôϵܼһ֣Ű˰ʾȥ
(δ)

ʮ 

˻صϢһ죬ɶһŸҪ룬Ϻ룬ݷ
˶ޡ
ȥȥƣ˯ˣ͸ʲô¶ûһӾһ
Ҫסѯ˹ûеõظֻû˹
һ˯Ѿҹˣ߻ûϢרоĽݣĸ֪꣬Ľʲôо
Ҫնһ£ڡ
ĽתŰƣ飬ߵߣƣǽɣ
ĽݾǷˣ뿪
Σӣһɷ򣬶ӳЦеˣ˹
˵꿪ʼЦ
ĽĿתĿŰƣôô
ǺܺãȴʵģӳɷҲ뿪ɷʧ顣
ҪǱأҪһֱأĽݲ
ƿһΧӳҸȢ˰ɣ
Ʋôףû˵ˡ
ĽȥһߣĽ˵о뿪ȥǱߵоȥˣҺƽ
ΣһĽ˵ʲô˵͸оĿЩʹʲôڰһ
ӳҪˣϣ´ʱѾмңӣ͹ɵĺӡ
Ƹо޴ʹŰε˵֪ǲǸ飬ӳҪ뿪ˡ
ĽݻΪƺЦûлͷתʱѾˡ
Ľʯͷ
۾Ѿѵóˣ׼/ĿڣƱŵĶҪˡ
ѹЩûôţûҲҪˡ

ֻû˵Ӿ䵽ˣ忴ŵˣˣŭû㲻ȱٻ
ʲôû˵Ź§סˡ
үһزԺҲˣǱˣȫʹʱ֪һʲô鷢ˣôҲû뵽ҪɱײŻġ
ٲҪĶô죿
ѰƱסû˭㲻ģ㵱⣬㲻ѣСҲԲȣҪô죿Ҫó㿴ұ£Żסˡ
ƱĿЦãʲôұ¡
뿪һЩΧ˼ۣûˣưɿ뿴󱦱ǡ
巴ǿ½˴Ѿˣһ°Ƶ죬ѹˣС
ֱۣԤ׵ľ۵Ҫһ¹壺ˣ
أһ졣
/һŵõ㣬Ʊȥǳϴ裬ϢһᣬѾȲҪ󱦱ȥˡ
岻ԽĲ̫ãöˣûĵĲźúͱȴֻǼ
ûĿһ۹壺ү˵ľͺǲүĶһοүողǸհýˣ
ôһǴһЩӹǸˡ岻ƣѰƱסˡ
Ҫ
ôСƵģһ¹֡
ǲÿŰƵͷһ°ƣǲǣ
Ƴһ£ͷүԽԽˣǶ֪ˡ
һЦƿһ¹һ£ˣ
ʶ࣬ϱʰ㡣ſƣסֲ뿪
Ȼֻ˯ʱ䣬ȴʮû󱦱һ
ż󱦱ֺġ
С壬Ͳˡ
չ˵ĶãֻǲԲһ㡣
żӣһ뷨Ҳ뿪ˣҪôȥ⼸Ӻˣ˵Ļ¡
Ҳ֪ôˣҲҪˣһҪףֻײ˯ţŲֿ
ƣ𣬲
С壬ͷţͷ˰ɣ
ƲΪ˭ȥˣֻҪúõţͲ뿪ˡ
뵽ЩƻЩյĿڣ֪лᣬ͸ôҩǵҲӦö
ߣϡ
ƿһ۹壺үʲôУСʳҪʲôʲôȻϡϡء

ƱСȥ£֪û£˵ĺϲ£죬Ҳݺᡣ
ǳȥһˣͷ£Ҳȥˡ
(δ)

ʮ ˵

ƽϲôƽ˵ѹˡ
ƽһߺ֪ܰƽˣ˵Ҿ飬ΪԼҲΪǡ
ƽڵϣ˫ַڵϣͷ˫ϡ
ŴӣƽҲĶӣǶŽùá
ƽ˵ӣˣСиӦӲǲԲȣүҲԲȣҲԲȣС˺칫Բȡ
ƽ¡һĲ׼ʮڹײġ
Ƹжޣ˲ᣬ˵ˣ֪ˣҴˣԺɲˡ
ƽơ
Ц˵ȻжӳǶӳվֻһˣû뵽һǡ
һжֵãûʲô᲻á
ưģҲ뿪Щˣ뿪һȥǱ߷ʲô顣
үˡ
Ⱒƿ۹壬֪εôˡ
˵Ժȥ
ǡ
ѻĶӸ˰ȥ
Ҳ˳ȥﱧС岻֣ƳŻЩӣô죬ƫС壿
϶񣬰ưСĻڻȥԺǱߡ
С⣬۾Ժ뿪Ǻܰˣ
ƽ˰СƿƷŵȸš
ߵԺҲԺˡ

ƳŶ񣬲ƽߵ棬½ȥӷ£ŰƸСι̡
վһߣɫѿ
忴һ޶Ŀڶϣ
ŰһΪ˵Ķأڿʲô鶼ûС
˿Ҷϯضġ
ߵ棬ƿӣˡ
ʲô£֪ʡ
Ҳñ˺ڹ˶˹λ
룬ƵĺȲ裬Ƶ˵ҪǻţԶĪвûʲôԶԸҲôðɣ
ǴȴҲһġ
̫ױƭҪ֪ţǶڴ
ãΪˣǾȥ鷳
ܻ䵭ǶԭȶԾ˼Ѿˣǲǣ
ߣôһϾǱ˶ʲôǡ
ǻʲô˵ģȥʲôһٲߣϱҪ˵ı顣
Щס˵ܣǰ˼̽˾˼ģ顣
˶ҲϻؼңҪݷǲ¸ˣû취Ǳˣȥ˶ӻʵ˶Ӯԭ¡
̧һ۲۵׷ϱˡ
ŵ飬һȻЩʣ⣬вˡ
ƿһû˵Ĺ壬˵أҪֻҪȥ飬һҲѡ
ȥʲô취
أ֮ǰһȥˡĳԱС壬˲ССͣԱ˾˯ˡ
һᣬĽôõһһһҲá
ȻѾӦˣǱȻȥҪǼ˶ȻҪ˵
˵תˣĶ˵үͶôȻʵĶӣôƤƵģ
ƶԶвЦƤƤʲôûƤ
̣С塣һڶӣȥߡ
岻ģȻǸ˹ȥ
ų˵ҪڴſڽӦ
ȴӳѰƴȥ˳ۻС壬ȥ͹˴кӦһǶ
˵Ѿ޳ȥˣóӭӿˡ
ԼҪġ
Цһ£Ҳ˸Цݡ
̧ͷʱ򣬸պþͿˡ
ƴкҽ˹ǰŹϷ˵ƵҪȥˣŶȥ˵ס
ڿ飬ƽȥʱ˸ոհ£ӭӰơ
ʱ㻹˼飬͵סӡƱСţβҲˣžתȦȦܲ˻
βϲӣϲβ
ˣ롣æкƣȥ£˲ŰѶβ£ȥС塣
Ƴ˵˶顣
(δ)

ʮ ظ

һ꣬Ű˵ҺͶʵǹһȥˣž¹Ҳ˵ҳΪ˵ֲˣҪңҲǲΪ֮
һίһ
Ƕҵǲ֣м»˵ģ֪ΪиҲΪ˶˱ڣƾôҲûʲô
Ͼ黹кܶ࣬Ҫǽˣʱˡ
һãȻ
ҵ˵Щ˵Ĳʱ˵ Ҳûи˵
ǲ˵ɡĻС壬˿źĽǰ˿ưСˣҪ֪ϲӡ
СıС壬°ѻС ˤˣŸСġ
˵ĲҲҽһûҽ˼ǲø˵ֲҪҲûʡ
룺ô
˵֪һЩҲû˵Ȼǲܸ֪ģǾͲ˵˵˭ûôõүЩ˽ȴ˵ȥ˵Ȼǲ̫á
˲ϣЩǴĿдȥģô˵Ǳ˵¡
һ˵С˵Ҫݷ򣿡
һΪѣҪݷǶ˵ʲôϺ룬Ҳûа취
Ϊʲô룿
һֱžҲǲʡԽԽúͶʡ
ΪѾһ㶼ϲ
Ȼ˲ʺϣҲûбҪһˡ
ǻǶϷõүˣ㼴 飬Ҳ˵ȥ
ҪݷϺ롣
ǻһŬѹ
˴ӣʵҺ֮䣬СǼˣÿ춼޲Һ飬һӵػûУҲϲˡ
οҲ˸ңҪǲߣͻûûˣӻô
ҵĽ㣬ػ̹ϲ
ҼбľûѣҪǿˣͲô˵ˡ
£Ҫ˵ͱݷ򣬵ȶ룬ˡ
֣ô֪Һ룿
Ը񲻺ϣҪҲֻҪ룬кӳǽɣȻǲģ˵ĻͲϺ룬ҪݷүȴˣݣͻϱʺҲ ûʲôֱˣĲǶĻǻϺʹ档
˵ǶǻҲ
ʣô죿
Ҫ˵ͻȥŶ룬кôٲ㣬ˣϵҲˣﲻã
պ˾Ͳˣô۰㣬һŻ»
Щԥ˵һȥģǲ˱ˣ
뵽ľ޵ĴЩġ
Ƕɼ
˵ϣһҪ죬ǺͶź룬Ҿʲô첻ɡ
£һҪ£˾
ƽƾͼ˵׵ȻˣеģүȻҪȥԸЩľޱ乬Ů̫඼ûУȥ乬ʱľ޸ڱɬɬһֱѹȻûҪȥڼҲᴫҽһ⼸أ
ҪҳＯҪˣ⣬Ҫֺ룬˭Ұ£
Ҳ֪·ͬСɣϺͶô׾׼ˣΨж㣬²ת
Ѿֻһ飬վûԸԳ㻹֪Եɣ
ô˵ãҲվǳӣӵôܰˡ
ˣֻʣľڹﲻã
ֹǲã乬ȥʱյ乬һӰûУڱ乬棬Ұһ㣬ʽ
飬ҪûзṦΰҵ֧ţľѡ
һŭվдҪľ޽ʱǣľ޲õҲǣǻûС
㼤ʲôľޱԸ˹Ȼвʣ³çŭ˻ϣϰ乬Ҳ֮С
Ȼ֮УΪβľ޻ؼңãԽԽ˵˵ţȻΪľί
ƿ˿Ҳܣһֱ˲Ϊֹ
ص£˿С۾ʣôˣ
ķˣ۾ֱԲ䣬ЦĲС
ôܣôСôף
ưС屧ȥģСɴˣĺӸͬԺ֪ˡ
վȻҰѻ˵ˣȥɣҪҪǶ£Ҫ취öӦ룬֣ˣǲı£Ǳ鲻ǹսϵģڼǱ¡
˵갲ƾˣԥƬ̣ʰңظˡ
(δ)

ʮ ŷ

˴ӹ˱ЩģҲ˵ЩʲôǼ޳ȥĹóȥˮڼܹǲá
ʢǺ£һԲϾҪһ֡
ϷǹˣȻˣͲܺ롣
ֻѣ仰ǾͰ˺˻ȥϷ˶ٻЩвʡ
ˣҲö˵˽˰˸ܴѾͷ˴ϣҪǶҽˣʹȥѶƽˡ
˻صǰһûƺƵľͻˡ
ΪŻû뵽ôͻˣܼȥ߶æӶߵ·˾ͻˣһЩˣپòǺܺãǻܵġ
ôʱ˸˸ӣ
·ѾͽˣҶǻû׵ĹҲ廨š
˵ööкܴӣôİҲȡЦ
е˵Ѷһ٣򵽶дˡ
е˵Ҫ֮֮Ҫл
е˵Ҫݺ˵壬е˵ҸŮ˰Ļ깴ȥߵˡ
˼ȥԼ˸⣬Ҫ취ıԼͻݣȢܺˡ
Ҳǲ޲֣ȻҪʲôܸʲô
һ£վ˰˵ˣ
еԼû
˵ͷһֵߴģΪöˣ˹ȥǰѧϰĽεӣȶŶЦȻȥץһ¶֣һ£һ֡
ߣһס
˶㲻ֱˣ뵽Ĺ飬Щڡ
檲ҡŬʾ֭룬ôҪɣɶˡ
ҪôǾˡ
Ҳ֪ǰôһ£ֻԳıץһһ
һΧˣһ˱Ҳһһº
ʲôǿҪװĹɡ
ˣȻҲֲô£Щܿơ
ȥת˻˺ԺХ󣬶æ·һ·ʼҪܵ뷨Х
˴˵ղźˣȥɡ
˶ХԺＱֱţҲǡ
˵õǼıģôˡ
˱ŵúִ´᣽⿪ϵ·˴
˱ܾһ뵽ҪƭģȻҪµ㱾ǮҲ§ס
ȫܰѳ֣סˣҲôˡ
Ƴ﹬ʣ˵ʲôˣ
Ҳû˵ʲôǰѵǰ˵ˣľڹ˵ˡ
ľ޵飬˵˴ľ޴˻ϣŭŰ˴乬ˡ
ס£
ЦҲʲôϡ飬ʲô֣
֣ľ޾㵨죬Ҳڴϣǲʲôԭ򣿡ǿ϶ľ޲Ե޹ǵϵۣ֪﷢ʲô£ľ޵Ը޴˻Ҫи˶ǺˣôΪ˵Ǩŭϡ
һûеӣǲģȴڴǰ£뵽һҲ
ԭеģľշգպͿˣȥʱ˻ϣ˺Ҳ֪ˣæ¹򣬵Ҳ޲
һ꣺ô˵ʱҪǲ¹򻹺õ㣬¾ͻ¹棬Ҫǲ־ͺˣν֪߲֣Ҳȥ飬ʱĸһҲ֪ʲôԭˣĸûг棬˵£ľ޲
Ҳôġ
ƿһ۹壺үûаæ
ǲæǱϺ󹬵£籾Ҳϣ˸汾Ժһ
ϵļ»зִ磬˸档
ˣϵĺ󹬹ϵ£ľҵĺѣҪӶ
ƱС忿ġ
û취˵⼸չﵹǰĸԻϰľ޴乬в
£Ǿ͸òˣľĸֶŮǴĸǾ͵ȰɣֻҪ˺ľʲô˵
忴ȥƵ˼ǣҪ˺ˣȥһϵˣ
˲ڣһ취ľޣľޱ˺ˣҲܱ˳ҿһڹʧ
ӲС⻰Ҳڱǰ˵˵ҪǴȥɱͷ
˵ɱͷȴ⣬ʣ˭Ҫڹ£ƾ͸ҡ
Ҳ£ڹ廳⣺ұ飬үҲˣүеˣүƷеƷǺġ
ЦãǱŷûƷˣ
(δ)

ʮһ Ѫж

ľ޽պת̫˺乬һۣҲǿľ޳ˣϰǱߵĹϵһľڵ㲻ȥͰľ޵̫˵Ŀһ㣬̫Ȼ鲻ˬ
˸ľЩʺ˵ȥ
ҡͷûУʺǱ˵ŷóի𣬴ŲŲǱǱŲǻΪڼ飬ȥΡ
ô̫ۺ׹ȥȥ̫ߣ̫Ķ˵ͷ
ūˣ̫ЪŰɡ
̫ȥЪţæȥš
ľùűòǺҲôˣȫȣȵԵʱΪǱ¶ˡ
С̫಻ҵҲ֪ôˣæȥ֪ͨ
ľܵʱ򣬰Ҳӵ˿š
ӴƾҪ
һѽס·ܽôҪҪˣ
ڵĴ·Űҹ
乬ƿżҪСֱ̫࣬˺󹬣嵣Ļ£ٵ¹档
ŰƾͿľС̫࿴ŵС̫ɪɪ
ľޡæŹȥľ޿һ£ܿʧȥʶҪС̫߽࣬סľ޵֣ɨ裬֪ľжˣҩ
ľޣ͸ⶾ˵ľ޽ⶾʱľѾֱ治ŮˣӰסƿʼĥ䣬ɰѰŻˡ
ľޣľޡ
Ů̫Ҳŵòᣬת˳ȥһ˶ܳˣ΢ҪȥСӵϼݵٵӼݡ
תԶϵһ˵ĴӵѾ乬ǰĹŮ̫༱æ򵽵ϣҲ˵ͷμϡ
ϵһλεۣٿһӻɫۣЦ
ҹ빬Ϊ£ôû˵ٵĽ񣿶乬ˣ
Ů̫ŵɪɪ̧ͷУսҪĸ밲ҹμĸ뱾ˣˣոս˵ٵ£ٵûüϣˡ
ôô˵棿ϵۿ˿⣬˶ŵʪ͸ˡ
ϵȥ乬Ҳ˽ȥ
ոսȥͰʾ˵ȲҪȥҲֻСӸ˽ȥ
սȥƺҪҪˣɫһľ޺Ͱ֮飬ȽȥˣϵҲ˽ȥ
һžͿƱѹڴ·ˣƵȶ¶ˡ
ɫһˣ
һᣬ޳
һѳϵ磬ľӵ棬Ѿס˰ƣƱŵòᣬҲû뵽һ˹Ļү
ֱսŭĿѾѳֲסľޣɱ㣡
˵乬Ҫ֣һס֣ү˺ľޣʶ壬֪ôˡ
Ʋ˲ᣬת·ȥľޣľ޴ʱѰƵˣ궯ˣҲŰƿ׼ȡ
ˣæ˵үҰľƷҸⶾ
ϵûɵ궯ڸոտľ޺ͰڴϵһĻ˷Ӧ
ΪľޣΪ˰ƣ˶С
ˡ
ȥϵۿڵСæȥ˳ŰҲˡ
ľޱסŰƣҲΣѵľϲĲƽܣǰأ
˲ϰ׼õѪľ޹ȥ
ʣô
ҡͷĿأֻ֪֪˿ԣǲܽĶǲ֪ˡ
ûбİ취尴ľޣľ޻ǿŰƣϵ۶ɣľϲƵġ
ҡͷҲ֪ĶҪֻǰ°ˣȥϣû취˰˳ɾ͵
ѹô죿
ѹûɵĻ󣺡ûأҪЩеûģޣ
ί
ϵۿһȥǰ棺ⲻô
סȻû뵽ϵתæ
μϡ
ƿޣϵ˼ƣĿڰϴ̣ͷңס˫֣ӣĿһˡ
ϵۿһ߻ľޣȻûˡ
Ҳȥǲˣæȥסľ޵ɨ裬ɨ軹ãɨɫѿ
ôˣƲţ壺ҩǸŨˡ
ɫ˳ǰƼ޸գҲҩº˵ˣѲѪﻹУ

Ҳұ֤ˣֻǿľޣ
(δ)

ʮ ϵ۵ĵô

ľ۾ð⣬ġ
Щסľ޵ȹסȣȻ书Ҳ£ľһ뿪˴̣Ⱥ˳ȥ
ľüĿ飬ǰˣϵۿ
мԹԼԼɣҪһ
˵걧Űƾߣľߵϵ۵ǰϵ۵һ쳱ľѾֲ˭
ľϵ۵·ȥҪϵһ˺ľѾҵ·һľվԭˡ
ôһ˲ľ޵ͷһ£ֱܿòһˡ
ϵۿľ޵°ͣϸϵ۰˱
ľ޿ϵۣƮǸӡ
ʷ£ҹ
屾Ǵ뿪ƲĲߡ
Ծڵ£СҲŻˣһͷججվһߴ¡
Ĺ˸ˣûʲôһĴȴŵ˴ҴС
죬ˣϹͷô
ɫڳˣ°ɣ֮˴ȥ塣
ھʲôˣ˭˲֪˭˲мԴҲ˵ȥ
˷׷׹£ūһס죬Ҷԡ
ţȥɡ
ʱķһƱѹڴϵﲻʹ죬òþľޡ
˵ĺá
ʱĵţ֪ľ޵ΣǼǵãǰʱųġ
˵ߡ
ߵǰһ죬Ʊˡ
ӣƸൣġ
屧סƣ̲סĶҧһڣžͺҪ
Ҳƣһ뵽/컣Ͱѳֲס
ֺ޵ĲУˣ
Ťͷȥȷʵ϶ɱ
뵽ʲô˹촽һ£ŭһ룬ǹ˫սҪûиˡ
ʲôҲҵĴ
ĿԹˣ
һŮˣС
һŮ˾ˣ
Ҳ볳ܣŹҪǱʲôˣ϶ǲˡ
ô죿
ƻÿЦˣأѵȥɣ
һʲбû
үǸɴףʲôɳԵģҲϲľޣжˣҪҲ
Ĳŭ
ҲڹܣοҲ򲻹˺بŲĵ
תǹ壺үʵǿԻظ˵£Ҷˡ
ûĿһ۵ֲˣûһڣȻȥôʰ㡣
Ƶͷȥһúñ֣үˣ
ʱ鲻ãҲ˵£Űš
κκŵλүԽסˡ
屧ƳŵȥæŽүðɡ
乬ССӣֻһôˣ
ô䣬ȥοҲľޡ
Ųı˵㡣
󲽳ţѰƾͽ˸طȥˡ
ƻϣܾ乬ĵطˣ£Ҫ˯Ĵ£ƾЩܲ
˴ﻹݵˣＱȥרҧ¶ĵطڱԹ԰Ҳû
˳ѾˣƸŹȥš
һֱȵ磬СӲűнȥ
ûСӴ޵ＱæһεߵƵǰҪһѪȥ˵Ҫﲹӣ˵Щ
һҪѪɫһ̲Ըˡ
ûУҲû׼ҲûţģʲôѪȥϣѪûС
ܾĹϣ֪ľ޺ȣܿľ޵ĶҪһ
ȥ˵ĵطһѪ
СЩ𾪣æŶ˽ȥۣһѰӸˡ
µţ֪ľû¡
ȵڣ滹û
濪ʼˡ
׼ãСӼæ˳
˵λ
Ʒ¿ӣǵأˣ
ոսȥҲûˣƺ˯ˣԼܿء
СС˵ƿһۣû¾ͺá
߰ɣүŹ׼ȥ
λүվĿһǱߣǿѹŭŰ뿪
գƽӵּ⣬Ϊﲡ
ƼæŹȥľޡ
(δ)

ʮ ðײ˶

ƺ͹ڹſڱסСǰּҪȥĵ
岻ϽּСӸɴˡ
ֻðּ˲ŷֿ
乬ſڣʸС̫ࣺտɺã
С̫ǰ˿СڰƵĶ˵أջÿնǵҲûܾӻһʹ˲ٶѾ͵ٵ¹ֻǵ뿪乬ּˣû뿪
ƵͷЩܣľ޻ᣬ˸ˣ˵Ĺȥ
乬棬ƸսžͿľڷľ޳ŰǱ߿ȥüһۣ֮Ͳˡ
ƺգǼ˼Ҫ顣
ǻʹˣƽϡ
ߵľߣ˸ӣμ
ļ̌ͷĴһ۰ƣʣҲô
Ƽֱǲ֪˵ʲôã˭òڡ
ҵûвڣʱĵڡ
һһ˵Сູ̫գǺòˣమɱ˼һۺ졣
ľ˵Բ˵ˣ˵Ҵˣô
ľ޳˳һΧˣȥɡ
˶ȥˣҲͲˣһ£ľ޵˹ȥɨ衣
ľֻЩûʲôס
Ѿˡ
׼̲ҩľޣַŵľǰľ޿һû
ôʣЩɡ
ľ޴˴ӣҲûãЩӦͻȻĶҺãΪҪҵӡ
ҲΣ㻹Ҫϵô
ҪǸҪɣھҲûʲôľЩ죺ͱˡ
죺㲻ϲϣ
ľ޿ȥİһ۰ƣǻôˣѵɷôҪϲǺôҲϲǲ⡣
ô˵ɡ
Щֲףⲻô
ľȻĿһ۰ƣȷʵҲ㲻ҶˣܳȥôȻȥǲڹɡ
ľޡѵϲϣƾֲˣʲô
ϼݵ˵ţСӺæվ
ľĿţҲƿȥľ޲ûץһ棬Ūĳ
ϵ߸Ź壬æŹݣϡ
ϵ۵Ȼɡ
лϵۿһľʣӺЩˣ
šľӦˣϵѾ˹ȥ±ַŵľϣľһ£档
óôϵʣ庢ӡ
ľ޸һϵſһܣüͷ壬ȴǳȥ
ûĿˣ˵ϣ£иˡ
ϵ˵°ɣ޶⼸վˣҪǷţպҲæ͵գ°ɡ
ǡƲȹܾӦˣɫһӦ
ѵڹţưٰ㲻ϰߡ
ϵ۵ľޣľ޻йأǵǶѧĲ
Ϲ·Ҳ
һֻ˯һܸıһŮˣ֡
뵽һǼŮ˵ģܾľЩϧˡ
ͨ˵Ǻðײ˶ˡ
ľжһ£֪̫֮Ϊϵֻ˸飬ҲҶ̨¡
ȻҲͳͷ֮ˡ
ţΨƽǿѷˣҪظˡ
ƻߣºľ˵˵
ľǰ̬ȣֻ뿪
Źƻͷһۣ⹬ְ
ǽŰƵ֣Ƭ̲ȵ뿪
Ƹų巢һƢһ춼ƣƷĪ¾ô֡
ڻǰֲʲôǲǣ
־֣˭ûеƢ
ľ޵鰲վǲĵģǾҪ˶෽̽̽ľȻľѾ뿪乬ٵ¹ˡ
˵ʹ˲ٵĶʹ˺ܶĹˣıˡ
Ƶ׼Ϣˣš
岻ڣƾڶǱϢûûжӾ͹ˡ
ŰƱˣľ޵飬ⲻҪ²˭ˡ
ſ˴һ磬˲ǹ廹˭
ĵĺЦүôˣ
ӭһ˿ѩӳյĹ⣬˿ϵĺЦĿѾѷŹϵˡ
Ьߣ°ɫĳζϵܰ㣬ˣ
һ˵ؿڣʲôûȻ˲ġ
ϲ
ĳ۹һ·ߵ棬ＰӣȻǺɫ
ֻԵĴһ£ɫеӣˡ
Ҳ֪壬͸ûôһ
ûģ
(δ)

ʮ 

Ƶڹؿ˼£˵ôôã
°תϣ˫ַסƵ
ԼûϢһ춼Ȳ˾Զˡ
ڳƵġ
İ
Ů˵ã
Ʋ˹ķģͷԵһɫ˱䣬һְڰƵһס֣ͻһλá
Ծɲô֣ʹŮӲͬһŮƽȵҪŮһ˯¡
ƫƫ岻ôģŮһɣԸһеҪģΨ棬оԵȨ
Ҳ֪ʲôԲƽϣÿε㵽ֹҪŮˣǱһŮˡ
ÿ˯¶֪õһ˿ǷҪõɵ飬͵Ů˶¡
ȻҲһ壬Ȩһ֮ϵˣǵҲʲôһˣ˵һѾȫ
ãѾ㹻һŮһˡ
ƺ§Ź壬ûô
屧Űƻвʣ˵𣬾ͲҪˣñµûţ̲סһͷײȥ
ľ޺׵ģүѵҪִôƲ⣬ôôɡ
ľŮˣܳʲô£
˵Ͳһ¾ˣ
ƿҪѼӸˡ
æŰȥã˵ͲҲԸοǵ¹Ҳлں󹬡
ߣ£۾Ըԡ
ƿһᣬ̧§һ㣬סƵϢ
˯ˣƲһ˿鷳£Ȼˡ
˵ľѾ뿪乬ĴӶȥҰơ
ͱѣЩã˭ҵŮҰƶЩá
˴ĹʶĿɫѿرǿƴ˵һ°ƣȥЩ⣺ү£
ǺЩͷۣ㲻ˡ
үڼϢȥοˡ
ؿˣѾˣҪھꡣ˭ǲˡ
˼ɵһ㣬ôⲻǳġ
û㣬ֻ㸮Ϻͽ˵仰ô˸ɫǸزסͿ߹Ʋ˭
ԭȿȶЩֵܹȻûʲô
ߣĴŲǶģ
ֱţָŹ壺Ҫǿڽϣ㻹ΪϡƵģͻȥ
תߣոת;òԣתֻˡ
ƾʲôߣҾˡƵġ
ƱﲻסĺЦĹ˳Ц
ƲЦˣ§סֱۣүͷҸ㡣
嵹Ǻϣͷȥ䣬С˵˼ֻйĻƲ뿪
˺죺棿
ţ
Ƶͷ˵ȥɡ
ƿһ۹廳С壬ײŴϰ˵뿪
Ͳ⣺ү˵Щʲôñְ֪һ
ܼҲtӣ͡
Ŀȥͱ˵ЩʲôͲҪ֪ˡ
һΣ˵ֻз޲Ż˵Ļӣȥһͷ޹ص飬ⲻǱô
ôţͿһСӻƵү
үһ˿âһ˿ᣬ֪Ǻ»ǻ¡
תȥСȥС³ţС弸ƽˡ
㲻ͷôˣովô˵ġ
˵ˣҪȥһ̫ˡ
ղǴô֪һЩ̫飬ҪǾ̫Ķð뿪̫Ҳ֪Ůµ飬ֻ
۾ӸǱߣЩȻ˼ҵĶ˲ŻȥɾЩˣȥ̫棬㻹ʲô
Сȥ±ãŮŮ˶ʲôصˡ
ƳȥΣרȥ˵ġ
·ϰ˵飺Ͷˣ
ɣں飬ѾЩˣҿҪ˶ãܸˣʱõ飬ҾͲǶˡĸе⣬ΪһѺҪдĿܣɵӣŪ˻֪
صأбó˹ƣŰʲô¶Ϊ
Űĸ
(δ)

ʮ ˲

û뵽ƻָô죬ҪƵĵˣǱƭˡ
Ŵ򿪰ҩ佻ƣֻ˽ţŹϣǰͶſڡ
Ҫ˭ΣֱӰͷšߣߡ
ҲҪӣε̫ˣͰѵһ٣ҲˣҪ³çү䵽߽ȥＫȵĿֻš
Ҫȥ˱߽ҵļһȥˡ
ǰҲܶӡ
⣬ʧʧ㣬˭ûеʧ
¿ĺƽȴһûˣŪԼΡ
ƴҩ¿Ȼ֪ģȻҲ֪ʲô
´ʱȫڣ˿վڶˣ˾䣺Ҳʱ
˺ã˵ģ˵
˱ȭ˵һݣд󽫷緶һȻǹˣ˵¶ǹķ緶
񡣡ЩΣһСҪá
˲ؿľ޲ߣľ޵ĽãȻҪౡ֮չ˹ˣҵȻӲ
һ˵һ߿иѾ˵ˣˣҪʵʵĴڼóۡ
¿Űƣͨ죺лл㣡
ºܲĵл̧ͷһ£ȻһЦ˼ˣһˣ˿
Ƶģ֪ҪǰƣȻˡ
֪˵лĻ಻ףҵ
²˵˵Ҫ½⿪¶С
ţ͸ˣŰƿȥһСϱ
뵽ҲҲͻˣȻڣǰ·⿪ˡ
¸ɨ顣
ϴμʱΪżûɨôϸƲ˼֣ɿ˴˼䡣
Щ˼ǵͷ˵С㲻飬żۡ
ƻȷˣ˵ﲻʺϹˡ
²ȥҲû
ʣΣ˲ôѵϻû׼ô
Ҫʹˣ˵飬ģ˸Ǳȫģ֪Ϊι˲뿪Σƾ;ˡ
Ȼ淸ϵ飬ȻҪе˱ˣܷڰɣ
Ƶ⣬ĹǣԣֻҪľޣҪġ
ϽְˣֵѾˣϻһ꣬ǲǸģµѾ˳ĺ֮ʱûʲôˡ
ľޱȾϣʱҪ˼ľ޲Ŷԣľޱ乬飬Ѿ֪ˣֻľ޵ó㲻Ǻˡ
˵ǲ϶飿
̧ͷƣЩ⣺裿
Ҳ⣬ƣ˵ľޱ乬ô
鸴ӣΪһ£ϻŮһЩôˣö裬˵Ī衣
̫ˣһ֣Ůֽ乬Щˡ
һΪҪŮùһ㣬뱨ƣϾ˶ݡ
˵Ůõ裬Щ⡣
˵Ҳ˵Ҫȳȥ˵
Щԥԥ֮˵ǲȥˡ
ǲȥǹԼ˵ģһ岻ãҲֱˡʰҩߣסˡ
㲻ߣҪ˲ߣҲÿҩһ˼Ҫľޡ
˵ҩˣҲû취ǰҲûһ쵽ĿţΣûĽչ˹ˣҩǳǣԳҲҩҶȻܿ
Ҫβֻȥ棬ҪÿһΣܸ˿ҩ
˿һżˣ¹ˣһֵطҪĳʲô£ôľ޽
˶ݣȴ˵˵屾ͷˣ߰ɣ߰ɣԼ飬Ҫκ˳е
żҪ˵ʲôѾ˳ˡ
Ǹʲô˲⣬Щˡ
˲ǰҲǻȥ߰ɣ˸־ǿ󲻵á
ưҩ佻תˡ
û취ֻøŰƳȥ
ֻǣ˾ز
(δ)

ʮ ֮

Ʒϵʱ򣬴ѾԲˣȷ˥ߣðһҪǾͱˡ
طªҲȷʵûʲôԸ
ִȣŴܶಡʵǲΣǵʲôʱ˾ȥ
˵龪̫ľޣϵҲ¿Цҹ˶СˣԼһͬΣӴ˽̫ҽԺΡ
ҲŽȷû¡
̫һ˻ԣȫףʱǰһ˻Σʹȥ
æţ̫һƸҩ裬̫֮оöˣ̫ѹĿ
ϵľ޸ϵһ˵Ҳһ⣬ľҲǵһμĴˣվ˰ŷӦžȥˡ
Ǻޣȴô
ľһ߲һŴ˵ܣϵ⼸һֱľǱߣľ޵ĸ龹Ȼʺͬ
ϵ˵ľ飬ţҳݣ˼Ҳֻľ޵ϲҵ
ϵЩۣ˵ҽأ
ҽѾˣ
æŻشľһˣͷһֱᣬίһжĴ
ϵ˵޶ȱޣܻ뵽취ġ
ľһίˣϵ۵ദ˼ϵˣʵҲ֪ԣǿƲס˼
ЩǺ֣ȻܿԽ䣬ԽһС
̧ͷľ޿ϵۣҽû취
ϵۿƣƿˣľ޹˵ãһͰϵ۵ĸסˣѻʺˡ
˭˵вŮģⲻҲˣ
Ѿƣ˻ЩãҪǲԿƵĻʱɥ
ǰȥʹ˵£˲Ը뿪ƣԲŻ
ʵϵۿŰɻ󣺡ΪΣ
ϣʹ˵Ҫ뿪ĻԷڡ
һֻ̫̲סæȰ˵
˶̫ޣȥȰ˵ϵֻԼǰȰ˵޲ãǰһֱæ޶ҲһʱͿŻ£˴ˣһΪ룬ŻˣҲĸҪ̫ģȻа취ҿ԰ɡ
̫һϵۣӻҪģ˵ϵһֱٵ¹ǱߣľҲǹ˳˺ܶ࣬ӦĻĸİţ˵Ļ̫Ҳο࣬ϵҲ˼ֵ
Ͼǰϲģľ޲ĸΡ
̫˼ɲôײ͸ġ
ľޣҪƹġ
Ƴʲô
ģĸ˳ˣȥ˾˰ɡ̫Ըˣϵ۲ȥˡ
ڳ˶ûȥˣǵ֮ô
ϵֻ˳ϵ̬˹ȥľѾ޳ˣϵ˵ȱˣȥΣˣּ⣬˷˽
Сæ˳ȥƹ˲ȥεʱѾ뵽Ǻϲ֢ˣҩһӦȫ׼ˣԱʱ֮衣
ϸ˴ΣһҩƵơ
ڳе㲻˼飬һСƿװŵҩˮеǷĩʼע䵽ƿȥ
˺˯һ۾
ˣҽԴϲ
ľ˵ģᣬ̲ס
˴˿ϵۻҪϵֹҪѹο
ϵҪ˵ЩʲôģϾŮ˶塣
̫ѵôģȻЩգɣϵ۽Т˳
ݺᣬѹϣǳͿ顣
Ҳй˵ϵ۵Ȼ̧ͷ˿ڳˣûˣҲ̫ˣΪһ½ӣӢˡ
ϵҲܳƣһ̰ľһһһˡ
ϵǾãʮļֻһɨء
ϵ۵鲻ΪȻҪȥˣ֪ô£˾Щʳ񣬿ʲôԣ˵ǿ˾Ͳԡ
ȸˣ£иˡ
ϵ۵ͷȥɡ
£ҲҪߣԼʹֵܣҲÿڣֱ۴ôҸڡ
ƣ¿˭ˣ߲ˡ
Ϊƣȥ¿ţ͸ûͷһ
ϵۿȥûĵһۡ
С岻ʣȻذɣʲô޻ᴫּϵ۵ʵҪò¡
֮ãҸʲô취ߣϵۼȻ˿ڣæű˱ȭиˡ
ߺϵ۱Ըô˵ٵ¹ȥĸϢ
̫Ӧˣ˱͵ٵ¹ֻܸš
(δ)

ʮ ĸƾŮ

˺ܿ첡ȶľҲˣ˷˺ܿȥݼ̫ȥٵ¹
ŮѾصٵ¹뿪乬˷˾Ȼ֪
ٵ¹йٵ¹ſڵȺСæǰСӸ˷밲
˷һСӣͶС˭
˷·칫׼߻ˣǸСӵС
˷òЦЦĴæҲ֪ڣ޵һӣ£պлᣬһú͹
СæŰѶӹȥæЦ˷˿ˣ˷룬ˣҲˣԴϲ
蹫ԡ˷ͷţüˡ
ٵ¹˷˲ŵһοݻȻǲȻʺ
˷˲ϡ棬Ͼ̫ڹϼ㲻ϲҲҲ̫ӡ
ڵϵĳн֮˷ŵĲߵ棬ϵæ¹򣬲ȹϵѾ˷ûйġ
ϵľ޵⡣
˷æлȻҲǸ˼֣Ҳҵǵͷϵ˵
ϵ˵Ѿת˷롣
ϵ˵룬Ʋ̧ͷϵһۣһĨ˰ˣϲɾ͸Ƶġ
ԭȿϵۻǸ겻ˣǲΪ֮ϾҲѴ
ľޣ͸/ĹƵģôȥ˵ãպڶݺݺ빬ľ޵Ҳù
ƺһ꣬ͷΡ
ûϵ۶࿴һۡ
飡
˶ûʱ򣬴ϵһƿ䵽ϣˤ˸ϸ顣
Ʊŵһ£תȥǹվڲԶ¾ˤƿ
ڳ֮޲𾪣ǹĻôһ£
һϵɫһû۾ûԴƿǽ֮ֻһ
ⲻǹĶֱӺϵ۵ʣƿӵĹ鴦
ϵԵòͷٵ¹費࣬ˣΣ
ֵܽϾ˷˷
ŮҪͷˡ
Σֻٵ¹ݻ̶ѾԽ˻ʹƷףʺڣûʺںεأ
ϵģ޿ӻˣˣȥգˮײ˵һ
忴ƣƵûп飬ǵİһѺˡ
һһ仰û˵һ
³çˣˡ
³çϵ۲Ź壬ҪΰæͿһĵ˵ϣӻѪˡ
ү˹ȥϵҲһ
Ҫ˵װΣѪô£
ϵҲһ
ҽ
ҽæǰ飬˶ŵˡ
ҲЩżɨһȻ֢æŴҩŻ۾
үżֱޡ
ŰƵ֣ٳûпڣ˵
ͷ飺ôˣ
ֻ֢ۣҪȷǲ۹
忴Ŀڣϰ飬Ա۾ܳԽģһʱֽš
Ʋ֪øʲô
үˣľ޷æߵƵǰ
Ҫˡľһ˵ƲŻָ
ƿ壬ɨ裬оҩһЩŬƽ˵ҩҡ
ľȥҩƣŰƶĺӴͷϹ䣬죬ĺˮʪ͸ˡ
ż侲ܾˣɷҲǲˣҪ侲ҪˣǸ£ûоȲ˵ˡľ޶¸ƴ
ƽ侲ľ޿˹ȥͷ϶ǺˮҪи˸һ֧ʵ̫Ҫˣ΢һ㲻ףѳֲס
Ů˵ͷһϵ΢΢񣬾Щ궯
˿ϵ۲Żָ糣
뿪ľޣ壬ҩȸһء
ִ˵Σ˰˾ƥ֣
建۾ͷ󺹸ϴƵģЩĲ̣˵û¡
ûĿ壺˵û£ಡˣ֪֪ⲡãᱻϿģܶŭż֪֪
ίޣôⲡˣ
ԭ֪ƢιȥǾ˵˼仰û취æô
һίŰƵ֣û£ޣ޵ıķ
ľİԸȰѹ͵ƫңȥǼȥźҽҲȥɣСš
ҽҵ˷ȻŮ鷳ȥƫҡ
(δ)

ʮ װ

ϣţżľϵ۵֣ʾϵȥš
ϵ۾ͽ£ǰСѾͷǹĿ࿴
ľްϵۿСӣСӣչ˺ûϡ
ǡ
ľ޿ĹˣˣøʲôʲôȥЩ˲衣
æȥ裬ľ޿ʣƣҪҪȥ
ȲȥҪţûбӣʣľϰ˹
ưѱӸ˫ȷȥ壬һֱŰƿ԰׵ʼûлָѪɫҲЩģƺҶþСŮ˰¡
ϵѵÿһĻȻսţȴܰ
ϵۿǺܶûмܰĻˡ
Ŀ
ʣоõô
ͷöˣû¡
Խ˵Լû£Խðûţκֲ
˵û£Ҳģǲ˲麹
ү飬Һ
ƺź
֮ƿ˵Ѫɫ̲סͷһ¹ͣץһ£ץ֡
ľͦжģЦظ
˵ү
ͺ峦Ӷˣǲƭŵġ
ϵֻǿ۰ƣôĵӣĿ˲֪ߡ
뵽ľޣ˵ǼƣҲôܲˡ
ȷûʲô£
뿪һֱŹ֣ϵ۶˵ֳ˼òŶ裬Ȳ衣
ľ޿ȲЩãһĹˣȥѲˡ
ϵ̧ͷСӱŵòᣬľûİһϵۡ
ʲôʱ˻Ȳ裬˯ţ֮ͲΪ˿ǿǣľеϵû˵ʲôǲ⡣
ǼǵãҹϲúŨ裬ҪȲһ㰲ġ
ǡ
˷׷ľ˵ϽղҪȥʺ
С̧ͷǸˣ
ϵ˸ʺҪի䣡
֮ǻزȥˡ
ľ˵أ
޽°ɡϵ˵꿴𴦣ľ˵ʲôȥǡ
Сæ˵ūȥƵơ
Сܵÿ죬ľתʱСѾˡ
ľûҪϵۣн£Ҳϲϵ۵ߣϲϵһֱߡ
ֻĹذҪ¶մɡ
ľȥƣŹֿ
ôľʣƲŷŹȥϣš
ذɡҪȥԵΪѡ
ȥǲףص£˻Ҫտ¡ƽ͵ĹۣҲֻİ۾ϡ
ϵص棬˽ľ޹ȥ̡
˶˹ŰѰƵȥ˰ڻڰƶ˵װġ
뿪ϸ壬ŹĻɨ
Ͼɨûг
嶢ŰƵ֪ǲţ֮±۾
Ź֣һֱ˯ţƲŸϱӣȥˡ
İƽȥתȥˡ
˷˿վò񣺡
˷˿ˣҿˡ
ƺ䣬ƹȥˡ
Ѿû£ƽͣĿƽ˵лңϷм
˲ˣֻౡ߽֮˼һ飬ۿûˣƵҺ꣬룬˼ת뿪
뿪˷˳Ŵ˿ȥ˵ٸҲˣˣľѾ˻ϣҲˣ롣
˷£˵
˴ûˣ˹˷ƺҲģŮĵط£Ůó裬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
˿ӣȴȻϷɥҪңһغˣϷҪˣʲôûˡ
ңܶ𱨣
˷һĬ˵ϷҪҪҵ죬Ѿʶλ㻹
˷æҡͷ˵Ķԣˣ
˷˻˵ģͬģн졣
˿ſڣһ˷ˣΪȣ޶ĺѣΪ֮¡
ˡ
ƻȥ壬Ѿˣ˫һֱ򣬿Ҫæ˼ǰסˡ
¡
ʵʵɻȥܰ
ôһۿˣ֪ʣ񿴵İƺЦ
үûˣ
ţûˣҪڼңϡ
ЦүƤ
ûˣֻС̫࣬ǰƵˡ
ţæŷš
屧סƣĶ߽ǹװģ˵ʲôҲţ
(δ)

ʮ 벻Ů

סٵ¹Ǻϵ۵һ𣬳Եİƺܲڡ
סһ˵תƱ͹Ȼ
Ҳ뿪ʹ˹˸
Ʋõȥβһ
ȴð
һƵ˵û¡
û˵ү£ⲻúõģƵĵ˯ã
Ƣ꣬ĲУһֱûϣǺˡ

û취ֻʵж֤ˡ
һ칬嶼˵ҪȥԺסƲ׼ҪסھӸ󣬺ͼһҲǾǱ˸ʡ
ŰƲһŻԺ
ưú˼ӣƽԺĹĲߵЩæ
Ժűȥˡ
ûˣϷǳصŴţð뵽廹ûã߿켸ϳ˽ȥ塣
ǳûˣﺰ塭
˼ڳϿ洩㣬ֱˮȥҹ壬Ȼһ£оˡ
תˮȻһˣ磬վĿƵһ
û·ʵ˫ˮ︡ǿ׼İ˿鼡ƼѵһҺ˾ôˣ
㡭
ƸտڣȻסŵر߰ϣֱ
㲻֢Ҫ֪

һ̣³ƣͷۻ忪ʼͣĻεڼҲ֪Ų˶ٸطƣֱƱˮſŹ壬죬Ѿڸˡ
彫˴ˮڻȻѾǺ壬
ίô֪ɨġ
ˡ۵Ĳˣƿӣ彫˱ʯͷϣࡣ
һҹעǸƲ֮ҹֱƲű뿪
찲Ʊڵȫͷɢˣ෴£ĸˣ˵û˯
˯ѣûȴ˴˵£æ·ȥ˹˸
ﰲƱҩ仹˯һ
˹˸ƴۣˤͷ
ǰƸо˳û
ʣҪҪϢ
ҡͷȥɡ
ȥˣſںţһˣû뵽ƳٳٲͻΪƲˣȥˣƾˡ
ǰƵ˵ͷ鸡Ľ˹˸
˴ˣֵһᣬŴӴ˼뿪
˳ʣҪܸҽ
˵ĲܸҽˣֻÿˣȻȥҲȥֻؼ˯
ֱӻ
³Ʋˤӣæȥȴһһѷס
Գ̧ͷˣŷӦǰˣզࣺ㡭
ûôÿôûϢӣ°ͶҪˣѵǱ˲ɣľһãŮװһΪ˿ףΪ˿ôˡ
侲ʣôˣ
ţͳˣô鸡ɫҲܲĺôľһɫ·ް洩˼磬Ƥǰɫģõ˸⿡Ρ
ƴ˵Ѿûʲôˣûô˯ãһֱչϳŰȥˡ
ľǻϵˣʲô˵ƻ˸˼
ļ̌ͷһĴţҡһ£ŰƵͷһ£ƻȻ֪ν޶˶˱򣬻ôأȻǲˡ
ɫ뷢쭣ľ˵̫ˣҵûȥˣҾڹ˸Ҳȥ㣬ֲڣ治֪һ춼ڸʲô
ľ׼뿪Ʋıȥľް˰֣ˣ̫ˣʺױ˷֡
ƲģҪű
ţľ˻ȥ
ƻصԺһ˿񣬵Ű
Ѿڣƽš
ô
ȥˡ
ţȥͺãҲȥɣϢһᣬүȥӸƽ˵ȥˡ
ǡ
ȥת棬ѾסˣǷľ˯ˡ
ŹȴʼûȵǵһõϢ
ûʼǣŴŰȥ⿴
泵ˮһȴһŮˣҡˮһ˹
صۣ֬񣬰Ƽ仹Щ㱣벻ˣ
(δ)

ʮ 

ʩʩߵƵǰͣ£һ᣺ϲˣ
˭ˣʩʩ
̫С㣡
ʩʩˣϴμʩʩȥǹ֮ǰ飬ʩʩĺܲңû뵽л档
£ڲòˣĮ
ʩʩԽЦ۾ߣҴСദȻܲϵˣ˵ȥ֪᲻Цأ
ú;ʩʩϻʵҵʲô£
ʲô£ҪˣҵңҷأҪҪȥ
һ£漴׹׼
ôŪʩʩվ棬ֺʡ
ѹûѾʩʩ£۰˵үϲ֮ˣһСǰ·ȥ뾩ǸΡ٣ҪЭ飬СǾˣȥ̫̫
ǡӦʣʩʩЩˣ㣬һҾͲˡ
һѷӣɫ𺣬ﱧСȥүȥҵ˲κ˽ӽͿĨ˶ҩǽҩȳ¡
Сſ죬ѰƸĽҩȥһ̾Ͳˡ
̫ո糯ԭҪ飬ǹźʹǰó̫ة£˭ȥӭӡ
»Ҫѡѡ챾糯ȴûڡ
̫ſڣСѾſڵȺ򣬿̫˹ȥ̫̫ߣְˣƣ롣
̫һ֣úõʲô
ûҲ¾̫ǲϴο˰ƣ˼죬ĶҲûͻҲȥ˵
̫СȥҪȥĵط
̫˫һţ̧ͷһ۲ʶط
СˣҪ참
Сû̬Ŀһ۾̫֮ʣ
̫ζ˵оǳ֮ϣҲû˸￴
κһڣʲôӣʲôūţһûʲôأһʶǡ
̫ţͿǸߣʮѾ˸ǰѸٰѸȥԺΧ
̫ͣһ£ΡٵȥΡٴһɫӣ˫
ΡٴŹ۾̫ЩĿΡ٣Ρڻ˹ģ
ߵ̫ǰΡʩְΡ٣μ̫ˡ
̫ݶΣȻλܸߣȴûʵȨǾ̫ˣȴǼ١
ΡǾǸƷھ̫ǰȴǸطС
ֶ̫˶֣Ρٸ쵽ʲôҪ飿
Ρٳ̧һ۾̫˭õֲ˵
̫֪ʲôطΡ仰ʵľ̫ˣĺΪģ
̫ţѾˡ
̫Ƶ̧ͷһۣ뵽ԼĶ˻鲻ôá
ƴ̫ƽ˹ȥ˸ӣ̫
̫Ŀ⵭ȻѾͰƶǶˣһ̫ܸһɼӰɡ
̫ǰĸۡЩƣ
̫ѹ֪ôһЩͷԡ
µʱһҲͣ
̫ѹƲͲʲôϵ
ʽã̫תű߽ȥ
ƻͷһ³ľʩʩﵽǲƫеһ
ΡæųŰ񣬰˵κ롣
Ρæ밲ƽţ˲һţľʩʩ˫֣ĵĿŽŵˣҪðѿ
ƽΧһۣСſתƣƳǱ߹ȥ̫롣
̫ܾý¾Ϊ׼ģҲû̫⣬Ҫôô
̫ߵСصǱߣѾżˣŻûж̫á
ΡҲ֣ôˣ
˵һκ֪ôˣκ̫롣
˸Žţ˺ôˣô£
ʩʩǰĻȻǱŵˣ̫תʱžãʲôϤ˼һ̫׼תΡһ㵣
̫һãȻת뷿洲ŵˣԼĿ˵һ΢΢üЩ⡣
ô
ΡæĿС˲˹ȥڹߣ¶ࡣ
(δ)

ʮһ ĵľʩʩ

ΡٲҿģǱӵĺꡣ
ΡæŻͷһ۰ƣ֮ѯµ
ƿһ۾̫˵̫ýô£
֮Դ䡣
̫תʣкδͽ̣
㷢쭣ʩʩ˽ƣ㵨ұɱˣҪȥһϸ㡣
̫˿һ£Ŀ⿴ſڽˣһѾȻˡ
̫һˣ·ϣǻô
̫һȣŵþʩʩĵһ̫æŹˣ¾̫ġ
̫ŭڵĿžʩʩʩʩɵĺ¡
ʩʩϰݣһˣҪǴȥ϶Ҫģõ̫˭ˡ
ʩʩͷ游ŮĴģŮԺڣŮţŮ֮£ŮҲû취ɷǻˣŮô
ʩʩֱ̫ˣôĶЩ
һ֮£̫ȥһţߵľʩʩſڵϹͷûˡ
ʩʩžʹӵȥ壬˸壬ɨ跢ûʲôģȷʵоð
ƱЩǣǲǸˣ
Ʒ˴ᣣ⿪·׼׼飬һסҪȥѿӵ֣ƿȥ۾ʾⰲƱŪˣȻҪһӦԣҲһʱ̾ܽ顣
ھӪʱһЩ˵²⣬ÿλ˾Ѿˣǰ̧ͷ
ʱǸͯʮ꣬й£ͣף֪Եʣԭôһ¡
ɼҪЩǿ࣬ȻЩʱ
ưѹÿĵһۣǳӿһۣ黹Ҫġ
ץӣҪĥˡ
ƼˣȷûиʲôŷŹ壬·ã߳ȥɫ죬ǿѹ궯˯һ˯
ߵ棬̫ʱ
游ŮҲû취Ů飬кˣ游ȫŮС檣ֻҪסŮҲð⻵̫
ʩʩ̫һŭˣ
Ρ̧ͷһ۾̫˵ˣ
˽ţ̫˵١
Ρٿȥݰ
ʩʩһȻ̧ͷ̫һ𾪣游
฾Ф֮ˣûбڣˣʬ֮ء
ƣ⣬Ȼ˷׵飬ϷȻǣߣ涼㶪ˣҲãϷִмҷ̫
游㲻ôŮŮİĸĸϲŮ˰ʩʩţѾѹסˡ
ƿһ۾̫׼鵽ô£¿ʩʩѱˡ
̫ȻһĸһͨѾͷڸҲ޷ǺϷ˵˼仰ѣ֮н죬ܹڡ
һŮ˶ѣϷϷȥ
ʩʩֱ£ͶЩƵĵط׶˵༫ĸʱ游Ҳ࿴ۣ˵ĸʱȴ˵ֻһʱʩʩܲˡ
游ĸҵģĸҡ
סڣĸеģһͨѾͷѾǸˣ̫ĸ
ʩʩ˵ˣž̫
̫һǿʲôأ֣
ʩʩȥȥ̫֪ͨҵ찡ȥĸȥ
Ϊʩʩеܾ̫Ͳôˣϧǿ͸
δκִȴҲӵֵطȴ֪㳣ֵĻţֳ飬̫ȻҪ֮صġ
̫һҪȥҶӾϺͶˣ˵һ¡
Ҫ˵æźˣ̫ŵϻĵľʩʩǸŮ
Ůӱã˻ôȫӡ̫ˡ
̫һ۰ƣҪǶһһʲôɵǡ
ƱĪ̫ΪʲôҪε
̫˵ϣľʩʩʩʩĴִ·ǿϣһ
̫˵ȻҪ˺ĸ׵Ҳ͸ʡˡ
ʩʩһ£ԥ˰ǲǸðĸ׵
⹫飬лᡣ
ʩʩæ˵游⹫
̫ȻһЦҲУȥ鸮
ΡٿȥˣԭڳܻϵΣ̫һֱศɣǰΪһ¸̫Ӱˡ
еһб̫ǱߣѸЩ˹ְ
Ѿǹ٣˸ɡ
û뵽ʩʩ㲻ӣĸױݵ飬ֵ֮ķз
ϲǵճһܹ̫Ѿףúϧֳ
ȥ飬̫£Ȼκ°ɣϷ塣
ΡȻҵæȥ塣
(δ)

ʮ ̫

ȥ鸮˺ܿ棬鲡زʡ£ˡ
ʩʩסˣתűŵˣĸ׺;˾أ
ŵ˲δش𣬰Ƶǲ֣鲻ǲˣֻǲǶŮҲˡ
Ծʩʩȷʵɱ
žʩʩҲǾãطŮӱõġ
ʩʩģͷˣŭ𣺡ȥĸף˵Ҫˡ
̫壬ᡣ
Ρٿˣ˼ȥ
תˣûûˣΪһˣֱ˾ʩʩĸ׺;˾ˡ
ĸѾˮײӳţ˾˲ڼУԶˡ
˵˵ȥ
ʩʩŭĸأ
˺Ƕ˸˼ش𣺡ĸҲڣȥŮˡ
ʩʩһиǰȥĸǺúõģôӡ
ʩʩеҪûˡ
ĵĿһ۰ƣž̫ǱȥҪȥҾ̫
ʱϴŶ˽Ҫ˵Ҳث֣˵Ůʩʩ֪û£ԴӾʩʩ޳ȥʼϾûۿŮҲŮ̫ڸһֱؼĺܡ
£˶Σֻøˡ
̫ˣҲû˵ʲôߵ̫ǰ˵˻
ʩʩǺϲεĶˣܾŮ˸ףԭڸﲻһʱˣͷϣ˴ʹˡ
̫۶ӣ˵Բѣ
һæŹˣ찡Ӳ֪¡
Ҳ˵Ƕϱܽ޷Ů˵˷ף֮£ʵԻʶп
̫ϱ⣬һĶϱԳϱǲһġ
Ը˱£ҲԶ˼Тġ
̫۾ȻҲǿ
̫Ҫ涭µˡ
̫˵Ѿȥĸˣĸδأ㻹ȥ˵
æȥǰƹˣƲڡ
ͷŶˣҪסģϷǲܻظģЩ£ҪҽΣԺ̫˵
˱㲻ˣ˵лֻ֮Ƚӻĸ
ãƲö˵Ӧˡ
˼˵ȥĸߵ鴦ˣĸȥҽΡ
Ц£̫۹Ϭ˼Ҳ
˵Ƕɡ
л
һȥҾ̫תȥȥӶˡ
˰ʱ˸˲˽
ߵ̫ǰ˸ӣ檼̫
š
̫ѾȵòͷˣԭҲûãϾͶ÷СһϣˣΪҲνˣƲˣȫڡ
ˣ̫ʣͷЩˣ
֪£̫ĵģҲֻĸˡ
ڸվȽŸҲΪһ㡣
öˣչ˵ĺãҲչš˹
°ɡ̫˵
˵վŰɡ
¾°ɡ̫е簮ɣڹȥǴûйġ
죬һˣе㲻ڣߵһȥˡ
̫˿ˣʩʩʩʩлˣæ˹ȥҪö˾
ĸĸҡʩʩס˵ȿߡ
ȴ˵飬Ͳˣұȥɡ
ʩʩס̫Ȼˣ˵վ
˭û˵ʲôʩʩɵɵĴԭأ̫ŭʲô𡣡
ʩʩҪѾһߡ
˰ס˻Ӷӣžʩʩϴȥһ½һ£ľʩʩҽİƶˡ
ط˻ĵ塣
𣬴֮ʩʩ͸һ̯ʬһ
̫֮£̫ǣϷٴǸûбۣǴ±»СС»˰ɣϷԸеһкϹϷһеֻϣ²Ҫȥ
Ҳʲô˼ԲôӦ
̫ˣˣүǷ鷢ȴҪС
̫ţӺ̫΢΢ʩ񣺡
վһߵߣ˶壬˿
(δ)

ʮ 

̫֮ôʵΣպ˺˼ߵ˴ʱ˴һ¡
֪ʲôƱ㿴װεˣ˭֪̫ˡ
̧С׼Աֻ֣ý²֣ాһҹˡ
ΪǷˣû뵽ȥֳ㡣
ƾ֣֪ΣƢ˰ڲ
̫ȻһЦˣôõҲˣ̫ҲˣϷҲǸˣкҪ󣿡
⻰ĺЩʲôɸ˵أ
ǰ˰ǰ˸ãư˰֣үǺ˶٣
ɣһ̳ӡ
ƿЦã̳ӣ
ת忴̫̫ź̫ûйϵȴò̫㣬λ˵ǹ̲ܽԣ
æ˵Ǿʩʩûй̺ܽãûй̺ܽã
̧֣ʾ˲Ҫ˵Ȼǲ˵ʲô峯ž̫ȥ̫ҽ£Ϊʦϣڷݣ̫Σ
̫˳һϷ򲻵òϣǸǳ֮ˡ
أ
嵭˵Ŀȴ񲻿ɵ
̫ŰȥǰѰŪЩ֪ˣûôһ¡
̫ߵƵǰ׼£æŷס̫ӦҲǺȻ׹
ε鷳
̫ʹã
Ʊ˵ϲ˸£ϲ̫ǻϵʦеĵλҲһ
̫һ򣬶æ˹ȥҲҪ£æŷˣеҪ͹ˡ
û֪ԼݣôˣŹ¡
ΡеΪѣƫƫˡ
̫ӲǷž̫̫ϻģһô
֪̫ǲġ
Ҳ
ûһ۹壺үҪʲô
ƻҪӵģǰرǾ̫ǰƽ࣬Ҳ˹ӡ
Ȼǵ⣬ڼڼң˻Ҫӵġ
ߵ̫ǰ̫е
Űƣȥ
һãȻŹˣβһȦ뿪
ƸԵò⡣
ϳһ
ΡٿѾߵ̫ǰȭְ̫£Ȼȥˡ
š
̫ӦˣΡæŴˡ
ϵľʩʩѾһϢ̫һۣΧ˿ʵ˴Ǳ
ǡ
˵֪Ͼѡˡ
̫һǸˣԾʩʩ˵ļѾԵˡ
̫˵ôûˣ
ϱ֪ϱȥʡȥ
ϿŮѾУҲۣǲҿŵ
̫۶ӣû
תŶʣΪǵͷѵ˵Ϸ򳤵ѿˣ㿴ˣ
һ̧ͷž̫ûзӦ̫ʣ
ҡͷδΪĵԼ檡
ˣˣʲôģȻɡ̫˵
˸ˣæҪ£̫סȻˣͱˣɡ
ǡ
Ϊ˲ʱȴԽ˹ء
Ƿˡ
ȻϷţͰķˡ
̫ʱ鲢Ȼ˲ģ˲ûжˣ˵ɣѾˣں
ǲںϷһʱںһ㣬Ҳ㣬㵱Ϸľͷô
ߡǲںϷˣ֮ڸӻù
ⶫǸûõĻɫǶϱ
˵˵ͷһᡣ
˲а֣û뵽˻н졣
̫ˣ
˵ʲô̫ĸвá
æŸĿڣҲ
̫ŶˣŭЩƭϷ㵱ϷСӣ˵ʲôϷţ
˲Ǳ˰Щһ˺ο
ĸڹǰ裬Ҫǲʲôǲʲôµġ
Ŷ˵ʵˣȻֵŮӣѾЩʱûлˡ
ô̫һƤӿһ۵ϵľʩʩʩʩԹĿⶢž̫ޣ
̫˵Ůã±ǻˡ
˿ȥòջĿ⣬ȴû˵ʲô
̫ʣ
û˵ӲˣȴʱĹ󣬲ѿʱ
(δ)

ʮ Ͷ

ĸĸҡ
ʩʩһţ֪Ļˡ
Ϊʩʩŵ˶˵Ľ£ס˿󣬶˵׻ˡ
̫üŶˣƺڵȡ
˵ȻѾˣһɡ
˵ͷ
ȥǸϸǺ롣
̫˿ڣ˱Ҳûʲôϣ̧ͷž̫Щ㵣̫˵ȻˣԺȻȨܵġ
ʩʩŶ˵֣ĸĸҡ
ʩʩ֪ǵþˡ
˵ͷžʩʩ˵ǺңͱҵĴˣðܻŷ磬к֮£һΪ֮ɣںˡ
Ҳ˵Ǿҵˣǻ
ʩʩŶ˿󣺡ĸĸҰɣŮ֪ˣĸŮ֪ˡ
˾ȻҪǻˣڸģ͸÷֣֪ͼɡ
нգĸףҪٲ֣Ǻ
æ˵ĸףиطסɡ
ԼŮϲģŵ˵
˿һ۶Ӿϣ˵ҲˣǾҲȥɣҲǡ
£һҪҵĸ󣬲ܣ
Ϻһ˵㲻ѧӣʧ̫ʱһ㾫ǣҲڻڼլ
ͻҪɽɽŶˣ֪
ĸĻһ亹
ĸס
æŹˣ˶үɡ
˿۶ϱúάְɣҼҴҵ󣬹ֵĸȴܵģƽӹҲ֪֪֮֮ûС
ٴз֧ʱһάҲûʲôܣ˼ȡ
Ȱܻŷˣʲô
һæ˵ĸףϱϰؾңĸϢŭ
˿̫̫ˣҵĲʣмݱˣ
ȥ
̫۾üëû˵ʵŽҪʲô
Ϳ߿˽µľʩʩ˹ȥ
ʱѾڣ˳ſ˿뿪ˡ
æ׷˳ȥ̫Ҳ˳ȥ
ž̫ţͿߵ˺ӱߣֲ̫Եʱ򣬼æ˹ȥ˻ȥ
̫ŵֱӾȥ
һҲȥ
εţͣһ£̧ͷ
һҹûǼûһƽ͸˹ȥ
Ȼʲôûȴһֱһ
ͣ£۾Ҳʲôˡ
˵үˡ
̫Ѷ˾ϰ˾ͻˣôҲǲӦżľ̫ȥҽˣҲûʲôˣ˭Ҳʱڼңֿܳ
ȥǱʱˮܰ˶ǲҲҪˡ
ֲˮ̫ǲԸĵطˮɾҲΪˮԡ
ĸס
£̫ŭ𣺡ĸ׻ɣǱˣĸᣡ
ʱ򣬾Ϳڵţ̫Ŷɱڡ
æ˹ȥ˾̫ÿ
̫ƿŵĿŶˡ
ư˷ƽʼѹûӦ˹
Χ˿ⶼǾģڹУȴǺƽ
˺Ȼһһˮ³
һߺĴ˻۾Űƿ
ʲôط˺ƴҩͽ
˳ʱ򣬾̫ߵ˶˵ǰŶҪ
æ̫Ҫ̧ŲУҪ͵ҸȥҪ˼飬岻ãв֢˵ҪβģҿӹǣôˮǲС
̫ᰲƣ˾ˡ
Ҳ۵ĲẰûˣվžǿͷЩε
Űƻص
·̫ʱ򣬰ƾҪ³ȥҲûȥɡ
û乬壺㣬ȻǹȥˣαػҪ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҫ㣬˲¡
ѵʩʩǱĴˣҲǽƾͼơһ
Ʋ֣үҪҾ̫˵ģ
Ҫ̫ˣȴûҪֶΣաŰ£磬׮ӺȾƣҰ¡
ʱͿ˸٣Ǿʩʩ뿴Ҫʲôѱˡ
͵˵ȣ˭֪ȻԱͼı졣
ƺЦү˹ɫ˶ˡ
ߣ
ŰƣƿʣҪѵ̫ˣ
ҲǣʩʩôҲŶ໰̫ġ
ҪǲȥƣҪȥ̫Ҳ겻ɣ˵⡣
ƳˣǲΪӪ׼ˣȴ˵⻰
Ҳ˼
(δ)

ʮ ³

صҲˣＱƵıȥǳţ˳ɽǰýϡ
ƳѾ˯ˣ¾ͺ˯
ȥһ۴󱦱ǣһûΪǶһ˯š
ʧľͻˣ굽﹬§סƣ˵һһôûģһ
ƶ˶˯²ʡ
Σֻø˯
ҹſ˿ٿ۾ſڣҲˡ
ſڰʣ˭
̫ˣŶˡ
Ƽæ·˳ȥ
̫Ͷ˵ӸȥȥסӡȥҩæȥӸǱߡ
ӸǱҲ˲ˡ
Ű׼̫˼ˣκ̧ܹġ
һľӴڴš
˽ţƽ˰Ѷ˷£æȥ˼飬ɨһ£Ȼ簲ϣʹ緢ˡ
̫һҲ˲Ϲִˣ׷ʰƣ
̫ȵһЪšƿʼ˴룬˴ƽ˰ѻŪ
ůҪ裿ǲŻʡ
ƽͣͨ磬¾Ǻ˵˱棬ͨ緢ˣҪ濾ŲС
æ˳ȥȥǰԺһ衣
ܿڷʮ裬˿˰ߵĻŪȺһ㡣
̫Ŷɫʮѿʹ磿
ô֪
ƿ̫˼˵ʹ磬ûк̫˵ϱҼڸƣϣס£塣
û뵽顣
̫һ԰ףʰƣҪô
ǲһҪȴ˻ܣ˸ܲסʵش
̫ʣεúô
βãֻܻ⣬ҪǱĺãͻû¡
ʹĲǲģҪǱ
̫Щܽܣ̫ͻȻˡ
˵ӦʮˣôõĻ϶Ǻʱ͵ˣʱʹ磬ʲô飬Ҫǲܵõġ
˵̫Ͷ˵һһʱΪδĸʱҪȢ˶ˣǱϾ÷
ֻĺܺã·ĸȴܷŭΪǶ˹أǾö˵ıȥţҹ
ʱûͼĸ⣬ֻĿţ˵ؿƿû˵ǿҪ
ҪȢҵĶˣͳͨѾͷ
ʹжʱ䣬û˰Ѷ˵˿
޽ţҲѹһʱ䣬һУ̫Ȼ
ǲҪܺã̫عʡ
˵Ҫ̫ůĻҿÿȥˡ
ûУûůﵹǲҿɣҲ̫ܰѾ˯ŵĶˡ
ʲôڼһֱġ̫ǹ϶ǺҲ˵ʵˣͿóʲôҪԡ
̫˲֪ȻǶҩ
ʶԾ
̫űȣ˲˵ۣ˵˾Ϳʼˣ޺ͣˡ
̫׼ˡ
һ£ӸܰȫŰɣҸֹҩûбİ취ˣҲֻҽ˰ƽһ˺һЩӦþûˡ
̫ͷȥ˵£˸˸ǱӣЩ͵е
ƷԸˣһˣȻǲ뿪ڰ߿Ϣ
Ҳˣſںš
̫˵Ȼȥɡ
뿪
˾̫һ۹˵Ҫǹ
е㲻⣬ʲô
۾ž̫֮ϣûֱ֧
̫˴ӿŶˣһĴҲӲ𣬻ֻܴӦǹû
ƿһߵĹ壬Ŀ䣬ɫÿƺ£ͬ
̫ʣΪʲôͬ⣿
Ǿ̫ԶὫԼͳȥ̣䣬Ʋ쿴
ֻǿһ۰ƣô䡣
̧̫ͷŹ壺ãԹĹϵ
ߡǹŮӽҴҿԿǣǹҴƾУҴΪҪӦŮȥ
ҴʲôطŮô
ĻȻɱڣƵһעŹ岻˵
̧̫ʼûŮαôţ
ֻҪҴŮӣ㲻ȥףͲῪ˺׵ŮӣŮⲻҪȥס
Ůʲôţô
ŭӾ̫ŭһ
(δ)

ʮ ѹ

Ʊһһ¡
ȭͷսΪжȴҪѴŮͳȥġ
Ҵ˾ˣҲŮͳȥɱҲ裡
̫һͷͲ˵ˡ
Ʋ׹ô飬Ҫþ̫æ̫ϼ޻ܰæ
˵飬뻹顣
ǲð죬øŮӾƽսǾûеȥ
ƿ˵ľ̫˵̫ŮȥףԸ⣿
ֻҪΪЧϷԸ⡣̫ƽ
Ʋ˵ˣǲԸ⣬ûô˽ԸŮ͸ʶˡ
뵽һڵҹ޹ʣһʶ˾ǿаռ˿Ůƾͺֻܿš
ϷǴӦ㣬ϻ˭㣬ȻһЩӣҴԣʲôãһ̣Ϊ֧ŶãЩϵĹԱмԸΪ£ÿ龫ǡ
ŵĹˣû˭Ըȥ̡
ķ½ϣҴ̫ˣ⻼ΪǹΪ˲񣿡
۸Ҵ裬Ҵ˿á
ǹǰԸֻȨ֮ƣӦȻܾʹˣϾƣǼȻܱ߹֣ǳѾ߻Ѿá
ףҪ˺ʹս׼һܾ˺ףҲ˿սĽڡ̫ƿ塣
̫ȻӦ˰æ糯һɡǸѼϼܡ
̫ûоܾмǹʹ͵ˣҪǻľܾҲһ˲Ϸ԰æ۲ϣȻǾ۰ɣϷǡ
˵ˣǲԸæƿһ۾̫вæͲܶˣߣ˻ȥ
Ǵ
Ƭ̣ӣ̫ˡ
˵깬ȥ棬˳ȥ
ƮѩƳϣվԺ񣬰ʣΪѣ
Ϊѣ֪ʲôǲģǷŭҴжǧǧȴҪŮȥƽϢսҡ
衣
ƴӺ§ס壬ĺ󱳣ͷƣϧ
үûô˧Һϲƾϲĵ
תһҲûˣʲôϲģʲôˣǰ˶˭Ҳﱾһ̰̰ͼ֮
Щڣγ𣡡
뿪壬ȥǰ濴ү̫ͻʲô˼
̫ܸ£̫Ȩֻں󹬣»Ҫ˵㣬ϲ뻯ɸΪ񲯡
ĳһϵ˼Ҳźףǹ˲
ҴŮӣȥ£
ţʵǴҲӣǻѾˣҲԸ⿪սϾһˣһһƽ£αȥ˲ȥ̡
ǰҲôģֻ밲ҵôࡣ
忴ȥҲô
ҡͷҲϣףҵŮϲҵӣֻҪǸҲϲҵŮǻ㺣ĽҾͻ޵ĹȥԸ⣬ү˵Ҿʹ򣬴򲻹
ͷҪͬףҾͻˡ
һүҪȥˣлᡣ
忴ȥ㵱ûȥ
үʹô뵽ľǶ
˿Ϊͱһ뷨û뵽ﱾҲûʲô
ȻǸݰƺ
Цţǲݰ
үȥүƾˣóͬ͢飬ܽ顣
忴ŰƣĸкЦƿ֪ûӦʣ
סΪΣ
ˣսȴҵΣղԸ⿪սԸͳŮȥףΪǺ¡
ֻ˳Ӧ⣬Ϊܲܽʿ
ȣûԸ򡣡
δش̰ǹҪôƷʡ
ת̽˾ͱ̽ӱǹѾѹˣҪ򣬱߹Ҳӱޣ˳͢׼
ˣ
ƵһǹȻ̫Ӳ˵ô
İ˵һʱһʱ˭֪أɫ˳ѩ·һɫĹ⣬Ժӳ£һķ׼ɱ
(δ)

ʮ ˰æ

ס֣үҪҵˣСˣԼ;̫Ӧ㣬ôתô
Ц̧ƵͷѾˣǶﱾ
Щᣬôˣ
ˣ㱾ΪָҲð벽ҪҴŮͳףǱˣ
ƵһҪү˭
ߣӣǳˣ˭ҲǸֻҪʱ䣬ǣ˭ҲַҴ
ǣү˵Ķԣүȥһˣ糯ĸĸȥſڵү
Ҫߣסơ
үԣİɡƿƽǱߣȥҵүȥϢ㾫ȥӡ
Ƶͷסżһ¹촽
ֲԾ§סƵ˰ڻ
뿪˵뵽гһҺүŮҪȥףһүǲûãҪ򣬴һǿ󣬵ǸʱҲϣһЩʷмүӦ˺ףٳ£Ϊǵķ̲ġ
෴үļ֣öǺе
һ°ƣֻǽĸ󣬲ܳ벻ɣҪٹ¡
˾͹ܣɾͲܣΣڹؿָȦ/壬⹴/塣
ȥɡ鸴ӣƲƣ첻ɵҪƳ棬벻ɣƵģͲԸͷ
ĪţŮûʲôǰ첻ġ
תȥ˾Ӹ󣬹ַˡ
Ҳո£Щ˯ţոձ̫ڵģ׵ֵãķҡ
ţ·ˡ
ƽҲˣ˸ӣƽȥš
ӡƣƽæŸ˸ӡ
ҵ˯ôƳ￴̫ˣҲˣ϶ûôһֱ˯ġ
Ůʣƣ
¡ƽţȥˡ
·ߵſʰƣ£
үҪӸϣܾ׵飬˵һȥ糯Ҫ
˵ҲܰǲԸ⣬תˡ
վü˵ʲô˻첻ȥҪ㲻ȥԺͲҪ󱦱ˣǶˣһѵæǣõһʧ˭Ҳѧ
ŵˣæ˵Ҳû˵æҲûʵ
ҪæҪôǣưˡ
ƽںӡ
뿪һ
ӰǱ߳ͿڶסſվţߵǱȥ͹˸кˣ˳ȥ
뿪ȥ˶
ѾŽ˯ˣƽаȥţʼûнп
вûᡣѾܴĽˣ治ûˣֻ˵Ͽš
ﱧŵĶβ֪ûôס
Сȥ
βһһھͲˡ
ո˯£汻ǳ⣬ȥ
Ϊˣʱ˯ĺܳ
ոմ˵ƣſжһѽӸ˸Ǻã뿪̣·ѴͷıժŽȥſڡ
Ŵ򿪣紵ţ濴ȥβ˲Ӷȱ˽ȥʶתƵƣβѾ˴ϣҲѾβ
˿Ŷββ˶ǶҪߣ˸ûʱȫֻһǶ
Ŀ䵽βϣɫһˣɿ
һѱס˶βĶҪɱ˶β
ŽԽԽŭǱģȥ
ΪŮ֮£忪ʼԭཱུģǾ޳
ûɵľ˵ãе΢֣ҲúõĲС
֪ɱڵΪʲôŶβʹѹؿڣĶŭſ
æȥ㲻Ҫҡ
ͱ¶ˣöᣬ趼ˣôܷ
˰Ѷβ󣬽ߵ˵ү㲻
һĻ棬Ϣˡ
ߵǰ˵˱κζɼǵס
˵ͷ絷⣺סˡ
˵߰ɣҹģʲô˵
æŴ·֪β¡
·æӴȥһѣתסһȹסĿֱͻͻˣˡ
(δ)

ʮ ϲ

̵ģ˫ֱסˣ֣ղô
ûʲô˵ˣԵߵġ
ⶼרŵġ
Ϊֺöжȥ˻ȥĻΪľԻö֪ҲûЩֱ
˰һ۶Ҫ£һѰסתƵϣ˸ˡ
˻еˣĿͨͨ
үһڣĶˡ
ͷרעˣҪ
˶Ҫ㡣
ĺˣ
еΪ飬ôװǲУΡ
еˣ
ͷˣҲֻдʱʲô룬Ҳʲôǵá
ĿĵĽӽҲ˷ദĺǢ
˼Σ˵°ͣ׼˿˵죬š
ž
βһڶֱϣĶɿ
ȥҲѾˣβܰĵ˵Ļβȥүңһԡɡ
֪ϲϴ裬ϲԧϷˮͶá
һ£ɫͨ죬ӣһӸ˳ȥϣһſȥš
βƲŴƿӡ
Ŵ˾Ϳ˰ƣϳĶϱһҪ׷ȥβͰסˡ
Ѱ߷ɣﴫƵֻˣҪһʬͲˡ
ʲôסվľҲסˡ
ֻץһ˵Ҳû뵽˻е顣
Ϊȷϣϸļһ£ȷʵǻˡ
㻳ˣ˵һ㵣޳̫ˡ
Ҫģôˣ
ͷ˵ĶҪѿˣ⺢̫ˡ
Ҳϲģ
һˣ¡
˲ҵ˺ߣûõں֮ڣ͢ƽǣеǰȴͷڹˣƽʱǺı˭Ĳ
ü˶
Ҫˣܾôҹˣ϶û¡
˵̵ͷ֪ˣȥĵطȥͶ˵ͷȥңʡЩ鷳
ţҲҪСģ̥ں׶̥
һƿҩ˳
¿ϲϲˣ
˰죬æȥˣеˣǱǮɡ
ֱֽӸȥġ
˵ϣ˽§ڻѣؿ
ƿˣʱ䲻ȣҪ˵
Ǳ̥裬ѾԹһΣܶԣҪһˡ
תϳߡ
˵ˣתм㡣
֪ˣȻûʲô¾ˡ
˴ᱧȴ˵ǹҪҹףΪβӣ
˼ҲøҪʡ͡
˿δ˵
ص˷ȴȥ׳ѾУ֡
ҲҪӣ뵽ʮҵŮҪ͵ǹȥԸϺɫ磬ѥ缲׵ȥ
סڻҪ֣¹ǹʹһȣܶϷ
үǲԸ⣬ԺŮȥǹף
ɫ䣺ڣ˭ң
үҲ֪ŮȥֵطôΪҪͬףһŮӣôСͣҲ֪ķǳʹСѵүͲô
￴źãҹﱻ۸ô
үҲֲòᣬǹĿ꽫˶Σ
ɫѿǡ
˲ȶѾȿ˵֪˵ʲôҲҪˡ
ⲻǾ£ǴŮҪȥ׵顣
ӶôİŮȥʶȢȥЩʲôأ
еѹΪġ
ץס˵֣Ҫȫ֣ⲻǶϷ׿׳ñַǣһ˵һŮӣʲô
ǻйô
ûУп˵˸ʧˡ
ʣǺòãҪȥףɱǹܶˣܶˣҪȥˣǿ϶ܸˣ
˵ʲô𾪡
뿪תȥ
Լǣһ˻ȡô˵İݣһ׬Ǯֵ
ŭ֣
תǵŮھȥҲΪŮ˼ˡ
Ҫߣһߵӡ
(δ)

ʮ 򲻺

תŶʢŭ
Ŀӣ˵ñ롣
үҪȥҪүӦˣȥſڣ糯ǳˣһҾͲˡ
ҴС֪ʿɱ裬ɹʬҪǴӦˣҲûˡ
ת彣ȥ
һ£̻·˳ȥ
Ŷһͬһ˹
ȥţҹƵƣϷˣϹˡ
£˸˷ԣѾȫȨȰ龭˵һ飬Ⱦֱˣͬˡ
໥˿½֡
ϹŮЦЦȻѾˣǾİɣѾͷСľǿҲû취
ºĸˣҲҲͷǲԣһ٣糯ͳæû뵽ҹˡ
ϹǺܵŮģСС˵ãȻϲĽ
Ϲ˵ſûĶǺ⣿
δ˵
Ϲ˵ȥĹү
ǡ
æȥ룬˾ţκִ򸾺ܿˡ
κִŵݼշż¶ӴߵϹǰ
ү
ţ˵ˣϹƵʡ
κִҵæ˵ԣԺˣףǡ
ʲôϹ˽λش
κִҴŮѡҪǹʼҵѡʮ͵ҴѡΣˣսѡѡ
ҪҴ׸¼޹
κִЦϹЦˣţ
ǡ
κִŰϹ
Ϲ۶תȥϢ
˾úûӣô޸˶ġ
ЩƵĺ˵˻˾ȥϢˣ±û˵ߣԶ˼
Ƶ˴˸ϣ˰ƵĻ˷˱㲻¡
ȴһڴӦˣأ׼糯
лˡ
û뵽ôˬľʹӦˣ뿪˷ѯʣˣ㲻˼ģϣ¡
ϷǷ˰һ飬ȻҪġ
ǡ˷˲룬˻ϵĺŮڹܳ裬ӦǰŻϵġ
ˣ١
û٣׼ۡ
ةฮƿӴӿһۣ뵽Щʲôӡ
ʣǲȥةฮô
ˡ
ƲةฮƽѾˡ


ӣˣյϢκæܵ˻̫ĴС˵
̫۾ִ򿪴ᣣŻ̫
κְһֽ˻̫
ֽ̫Ƶơ
ֽд˼֡
ֽ̫κˣһ䣺ˣ

ţױ£ȥ͵
ǡ
κ׼
Ӽĸ﹬ſڣͿ
һ۹壬ֱӽȥˡ
ſڵţˡ
ƿ˳
ӣ壺ùøġ
򿪿һۣЦ£ùùȻ
ţ
һ°ƣתȥ˹
ϵ۶ھܾ׵ʮֲã˵֮ǣҪŮ٣
屧ȭҡ
㲻ǲңôģ̶֪԰жĺ
жǺӣ´򣡡
ߣ£ǰô죿
̰Ҳܿ࣬Ҳܿ࣬򲻴һǻʲô޷ֿ࣬ǲξһ̡
㾹Ȼвޡϵ߳ŭŭһ
ӹ򵹵ϣϺףջس
塭ϵ۱Ĳᡣ
С̫ະ
̫üϵ۳˳

Ȼһ͹ۡ
ϵۿһ󲻽⣬ߵߣӹ£ջسҲԸף
˵ʲô
ϵס
˵ȣκִҲˣ¸顣
Ŵ˸飬顭
ĹپʣةˣةҲ˳¸顣
̫˫ֱӣӲûгȥ
ϵŭʾ̫أ
̫˫ֱȭϣֻΪҪͬס
˵ɣΪξܾף
ϣҲܿģպŮҪȥףˡף
(δ)

ʮ Ⱥ

ʲôʱ޸㣬ҪŮȥףϵɫ
ϳŵպŮȥףеŮȥףԸӦ
һ仰Ƶϵƿԣɫࡣ
ԳһصˣϵҪѹϳȥնˡ
̫أ
̫ͷãϣĵĲ޵
ߣ䣬޲ƫġ
̫˵ͷ̿֡
ϵۿŶŴʲô֣
˵ϣ˶ϲˡ
ϵס
䣬ѵϳȴûȥİϹ죬黹Ǹӵġ
ˣ
Ʋϵջȥˣ
һңȴϺڿ졣
ϵŭףΪãδǻ£ʱҲкܶҸŮӡ
ʷֻᰴջ׫дʷ飬мŮܱʵļ¼ڲᡣɲá
ϵŭ֮£ǶϷͨ׽ãҲһ׮£ܱսҪá
ִӦ£ǳҪǹѡλΪӣҹ飬ٻϹĿѡѡ׵ŮѡΣŮѡϲˣҪ׸Ҵ¼޴ŮΪ²
ϵŭָŹ壺ս񣡡
óǳӡ
ӾҪҴսϵ۱ŭĿ
ӷ£ϵ·⿪ͷϵϽڣԲ٣񣬵ŮԶ޵ȥŮĪ˵Ĳƴģδؿϡ
жȴ޶ˡ
ΪΪģҪŮܱΪΪ
ˣ
뿪ϵ۲ߵſڣѾŭˣ۾ϣʮ
תһϵۣһߴһ١
أ֣
ϵŭʣҲ⿪·ȻЩľսϾǴӣ˭Ըӣ
Ͻڷ£ȥſڵϣ˴
ãһ٣
үˣϵۿϵˣʵ˭
κִ˹ȥŴ
ϵûָָκִҲŮˣ
ϣѾ˿ζǸŮҲû˭ˣϵûбŮһҪһ
Ϲκִϲ˾ͲҪһ¡
Ű壬ϵῴѹû޵ּ⣬˿
屻ߣ᲻òȥϵѹûаֱӿ򱻴ιȥκִϡ
ˣϵ۵һһЩȻϹŵڳʣ˭Ҫӣ
ޡ
ޣ
Ǹ˭Ҳͷ
̫Ƭ̣߳ȥϣ³ç
ţϵʶۣһҲΪǡ
̫վǰ취ǰǹҹѾԺͣŵ̫֮겻Ҵ
ΪʮѹҴӦ£ķ½Χļңأ
Ҳ㣬ֻǻӾ߾ҪŮȥкķ½
Ǿ̫ϵ۶Զʦǹġ
ϣҲΪûд֮²ǲɣ׸ſɣܣֻܿս
£Ϊ鲻Ϊȫ
Աϣϵüͷ˶޺γԸ⣬Ҵʱ裬Ǵ̵ʱ򣬺ο˲Ƶ飬ݽȱĴܿǰա
ղޣǱãһŮƽս£һ¡
ϣɵݼ򵣡βãȴߵ
ˣץſԱݣĿսȻа취ݡ
ϣ¿ڵ

Ѿһˣǻֳ̫פر߹أ˴λΪǹһ¡
¿ǽӵ˻źһͬ
ҹ̣ǲûлظսױˡ
˫˫°ݼ
ûּؾˡ
Ҳһ
ϵͷˣλʱս׶δǻûظ
ϣϳΪǹ֮¶ǹѹҴ֮½ڣսĿġ
ϳԸӾ̹ǣ̤ƽ̹ǣȡǹ̫Ӿİ׼ԱҴ̩񰲡
ϵ۳Ĭˡ
(δ)

ʮһ ʹ

¿˵ϣ֮ǰѾǹ̤Ҵһ߹ؽʿӾ£̤ƽǹ
λ֮в֪ӾսǶϷҴʮǰĴֺƵ𣬴ҪսҪ۰ա
ϣսʾҴܰ
ʹˣر߹ض꣬˵Ϳ๦ߣˣʱͱˡ
ϵԥһ룬°ɡ
ϵ뿪˻ʺƳ
ϵ۵Ƴӷ˰ʱʺһֱûг
ʺÿоʱҪһʱ
ϵ۵Զ
ϵһᣬ뿪ȥٵ¹
Ȼʺʱϵ۸պ뿪
ǹ֮ľ޲ʣϵľǲˡ
ľϵ۵ϣûˣӾʹˡ
лϵĿԣǵĹǣûвıϣûʲôǳġ
ϵۿŻ󵨵ľޣĸкЦ㵹ǿ͸
ȻҪ͸ģϾϵϣҪõġ
Ҫ޶أϵ֣ȥ
ľ޺ܻһϵۣϵƺѾϰߣĥɰľ޵塣
ľ˵ֻ˵²ؼʱ޹ؽҪһûŮôࡣ
ϵ۵ɿ޺ûã
ľߵһ£ŪŪ·ϺαҪأⲻǻûսôǻûô
ĺҲǿһɢģοһûйĻС
ҪףҲҪˡ
ܾΣ
Ҫսǡ
ϵüȥССͣ㵹ǲ
ϣûӣܵģЦŽģ˵Ǹ˵ģԴǹ׿ʼĸ˯ŵģˣ˯š

ϵɫһݵúԡ
ǲ˵˾ǡ
ľ޶ŲȲ裬ϵľ޵һ˵ʢˡ
ϵ۽ľȥ£ϵϸ˿ľޡ
һ¡
ľһЦϵ۵ļϣ˫ȡ
ƽӵϢɫ˱䣬СӵҲû˵ʲô
ƽʣӣ㿴ҪҪ
ٴ󲻹˭
Ƶͷ˿۾С壬СЦЦˣ֪ǵù飬ҪȥΪǣҲΪ˴
С۾ʮֲá
ҹ٣ʹϿкѻֻ
һҹ˫ĿʧƤⱻˡ
־ݣŵ԰Ȼ
콫ѻȺŷߡ
˵±㿴ļӣûͲ󣬵ӾȻ˲񣬵Һǵôʰǣ
糯ںѻ˵飬Ҷֻ֮УΪǹ˲ٿѻȺˡ
ӣţѻǹûôġ
ѻ֮²ͷҽɲų顣
ǹʹᵽڰȥӭӣ
ϵۿ·ϵ㿴ңҿ㣬˳С
ϵۿƽܣٽȥɡ
ƽǰϣӼʹ񲿵飬Դ²ͨ
ƽܲȥ
顣
ϵۿ飬Уԥԥ˵ϣǹ˴ʹ̫Ӿİϣ΢Ƽȥ
ǹãһ־졣
ˣɡ
ţȻˣǰɣ¿ͬȥ飬ǰ
ƽӵּ⣬ʢװ磬Сˡ
һˣھӭǹʹ
ǹƺƵĶ鵽£ĻĶӣȥ
İһɫӣ޳ԶԶľڴȺ֮УƺЩģûҪˣǸªŮΪʲôڣ
̫ӣʧˡ
ѣİɫģôûǸŮˣ
׵ģ㻹˼ġ
һһŮˣ㻹ÿ
̫ӽУĿġ¾İ˵
İǲȻܳһȥĻ
ŴӵȺߵƵǰİһ۾Ϳ˱źӣվİƣһĲʳ˼̻Ůˡ
ԼԼһʱ벻ʲôˡ
ŻޱȣͷΣ߸ˣҲС
İŰƳ񣬰ĻС˵Ƽ̫ӣ̫۳Ͷ٣һ·ࡣ
ƵİϵĿһעŰòʣǳŮˣ
С壬̧ͷİϡ
̫˵ʲôû塣
æ˵̫Ӹոմ󲡳żﲻᣬҪ ⡣
ƵȻòôƱ硣
һ죬æ˵ң˵Цˡ
ƿİϣİϺ΢΢٣ôˣ
ƺЦÿ̫룡
İ϶ŰƿһŲ
(δ)

ʮ ϲ벻ϲ

ڳһЩˣҶǹףǲ򵥣ѹôŭ
İϲֻ߰УҲβѣҲܲ·
Ѿİϣİϲżæȥ
ˣİʰƣޱģûӦͷŻС塣
Сۿžİϣһ۾ֱˡ
İûˣС۾ֿƵ͵͵Ŀŵ޼ɵĿ
żһ¾İϵӣİ˼֣ѯʵôû
æƵȻ
İϷʣĪǿ̫Ӳ˳ۣûӭӱ̫ӣ
ͣһ£˿սȻ
תƻصĺǲӭ̫ӣֻ⼸գڳﱸ׵顣
ҴĹأŮǲ޵ġ
İһ£Ŀһʣر̫ôû֪
żҪһͷײôƽ￴ž̫ӣǰǸɵӡ
ǹҾǵЩԶȻ֪ɡҲǲܺס
Ŷİ뵽ƴµӣЩ̡
Ƽ˵ֻҴ׵Ůǲ뿪ľصģǿȢһλص

İɫƵ뵽վڸǰһѣŵӣһЦ˳
Ȼ䣬˶İϣͺǿɵһ
ƵǲΪȻɵӶѣ
̫ӣʼұԷŵĵطѾ׼ãԺȥǱϢʱ򣬱̫ţ糯ϻᴫ̫
İϲδʲôף뵽ƻţڴ
Ҫֹκûü͸İ˵ˡ
һǻ͵ʴס
Ҳã
İϵȻ˱㶼ˣ̫֮ⲻھơ
ӰбתС峯ȥǰ˵̫ϳ
İߵϣתָ˰ƣϳ
⻩Ȼ
ƵȻһЦСӣҪǰȥ̫ȥ˻ʼұԷӭӡ
Ǳ̫ӹȥǡ
İ˵žҪ³ŵõס˵̫ӣҪ̶̫糯飬̫ȽһԻ㱨
İϲͷĿһ˵㻹鷳̫˼棬һ̶ͣС
⡭գɡ
İϿ۰ƣת
תɫһ
˽棬˱ʣôǸ̫ӲǺˣ
Ʋ˵ȷʵǸˣΪ֮Ҳκ͡
㣬Ҳ˼ͷ
ƿȥа취
ȻС
룺ܱŻϰүų
룺ǾҪίˡ

˵ͷڰƵĶ˵˼仰ƺЦȷʵǸð취ȥɡ
š
н˻ʼұԷȴȥӾİϴ
İߵµͷƻСˣ̲סѯʣ⺢Ϊβ
һƬȻƺЦһС̫ģǸккģǺĸġ
ԭˡ
İʣ̫Ҫɷ񣿡
⺢ƢǺܺã˲ҸġƶȻܾˣİЩʧ䡣
̫롣˵룬ȥ˻ʼұԷǰʱһа׵ǰȺѵȺӭӡ
໥ף̫ӽ˻ʼұԷ
ǽܣ󣬰ƽʱźӲ㣬ֲã벻ҪϢ
İ϶԰ƴӣڰúõϢ
žİ£Ҫȥι̣ˡ
ǰˣİϱȥſڿһİϵӣһѻ
̫ӣ
һԽоİϣİϰתһɫ
£
ŭ΢ᣬǼģ̫ӣǹΪʲô̫ǷѾˣ
ˡİϻȥ£ϿţԵС
⣺Ȼ֪ΪһδᣬҪ׸̫Ҳûκη
ǵϰˣҪ̫η
ⲻ»ӦףǱƷ̫֮ǰӦ飬£̤ƴĳǳذ
İˢһ´еӣҡڣ̫ˣȥɣʲô»
Ȼ̫ӣǹؼʱ¶Ů˽飬պسɴ󻼣ҹѾ̫вεĺ첻ףϻή̫ӣ̫֮λǲ
İϵЦǷ⣬ں׳벻ɣǸ֮ɣ
̫ãϲǺã̫Ǻãʲϲǲá
̫ӡ
Ҫ˵Щʲôİְ̧˰ӣʾȥ
Σֻȥ
(δ)

ʮ İ

İŵȰţȵ˹ʱƻû
ôûеȵĲͷˣİȥ棬׼ӭӰơ
ſһˣȻǰ
μ̫ӡæ񣬾İЩ֡
ææΪ£ôû
ٳˡ˵˻ʼұԷȥҰˡ
һ̴ӻʼұԷʱİҲˣҸʣȴ˻
ڳ֮ˣ޲ʾһ亹һͷˮ
¿Ůˣ˵С
İڻʼұԷתôȥң˸ֽת۾͹˰ϡ
İϼˣǼ۾Ǵİôôõ˽ٳˣȥϻûҵǶǸʲôԵģ
е㲻ˣ̧Ե
˶ϻӣŲ˵̫⻰δЩˡ
ҴȻǸ˲ţҲǵ֮˽ٳ֮ڻûҵ²ȥˣŻôûҵģ㵱Ҵôô
̫ӣʱ㼱꣬Щˡ
İϴʱע⵽ˣҲԳġ
ĸİֵ
һΣæߵǰȸ˵ǸٸİϽͣİ֪Ƕ
ԴİֻмԺתƣ̫ˣ
˿İҲ˳ۣ˭˭
˵ʱѯʣҼ̫ЩĪʧôˣΪλ˵ô飬Ǻ¾ʲôˣҲٵȥˣȻҪǳʲô£Ǻã
˵Ǹˣ˵ʵҲԭġ
֮ûôҵʵʹҴҲйϵġ
Ŀڿһ£ľòãȴ
ۼ⿴ˡ
Ȼĵ˾顣
²أżûˣŮˣת
ǹҪһ㹦òǲǳ˸Ц
˵ȻʹŸոյҴǣҴԼСӱ㲻Ӱ˽ٳ֡
뻹ôԡҲڿǣ˽ٳһ£ʹſʲôϵ
ôܣܵģʹһһٶˣʼұԷûгȥ졣ôգǰѾʶ񻻳ɶôҲöԸ
⻹ûкǽǹǡ
Ů˶ˣοˡ
ƽҲòǣ³ʱ򣬱ҲҴƱֻϣСˡ
ҪȥԼСӣ/һ̫ӽʥʱʹŵ˲Ҫ뿪˴˿ʵ
ģһܺʹŵˡæŴӦ
˿һ˼ľİϣ˴ҡڵˡ
˾İȻǲġ
һǸŮܱ̫ӵĽڣ̫Ҫȥİһſڵ׷׿İϣŵžİϾߡ
žİָʣ㵨ӲСҰѱ̫
̫ӣʲôʱˣԣĿġٺõƢҲҪˡ
İ˦ȥ£ŶûԣҲǳ׳Բȥˡ
ˣ̫֪ˣȥɣʹŻûţȥš
İɫãҲ˵ʲôŸˡ
ƴʱҲЩãȻǰЩ㵣֪İϳȷʵÿÿȱ֮ǸƯŮӣҲף˵ϴҲҲڶˣǰʲôΪγñȹ廹ӢȾİϻޡ
ޣ
ƲιȥһʵǺܺá
ݣҲʲôǰˡ
ڷ磬ĿˮüŨƵݣ𪵽ƵƤ֣ÿ˶࿴ۡ
Ϊһ˸˵ܰѰԵòĿʻ˻ǵһ
СɲԸˣ̧ץһ°ƵѣƿӣŻ
СžͰ۾ˣһ۶ȥ࿴Ǹˡ
С壬Ŷĺʣ֪ʲôˣΪҪ°Ҽǵڽϵģ
ʵȥε·ϣ
һᰲƵʵش𣺡·Ҫ˷ң㻹мɫˡ
ƾᣬҲ̫ˡ
һźӵŮˣɫźҲġ
ֻ˵ҴźӣźЩѣҪǲźңǺˡ
λ׳ʿǷҰɣ׳ʿҪź򣬿ԵȥҼˣкܶ࣬ɾɫ˵ģź׳ʿ
ǲǴ򡣡Ӵ˻һҲˣϵ
ǿɾͲðˣ
(δ)

ʮ 

ŵߵǰʵ׳ʿɷҿ
ָ˰ƣƳŷȥһֱС壬һסɨ裬塣
鵭ȻԶɽҲʲôϣֻǸƿ˿
һ£ÿȲ˷Σ׳ʿ¡
һ£תƣɿ֣źӺһ˵׳ʿĲҲǷ֢֮Ҫûа취ֻⲡмˣԻЩ
֢֮һƣĻһЩҪǳ꣬ÿҪǱѸˡ
鿴ŰϸȻʩ죬ᡣ
ţͨˡ
ߵǲɱ
ɡ
ת鳯ɽȥƲԸȻǲȥ
ɽѩȥ涼û֪
ǲǰ˰ˣǸӻüôֱȥﶼлյŮͶͱ˯ġ
Ҫǲȥǰѷıƶò쬵ġ
֮£ûŶܣֻøİѩǵɽȥ
Ҳ֪ãƸоҪ߲ˣͣˡ
ɽһéݣһéݾȫһۣطʲôãС嶳
éǰͣһ£˵ô
éû˻ӦЩ֣˭أ
ϰѩûƻĺۼ˵˵ĺۼǶĽӡûС
ǰһᣬûӦƿľŽȥ׼ŽȥɫһŰɡ
ֹС壬ƤǿסѩǵģôȥǶӰס
С壬ﲻãܿˣǧҪȻһͷײ뵽壬ǳ
ȥο취СȥģΪƭ˶ĿѰ͵˭֪˸ӣ°ˡ
ţ˳𣬿˼̧ͷ˹ȥ
Ӵ˳ƾе֣Ҫʲôˣ֪˲ڣҪȥҡ
˾ֻʧȥŻϧ˲ǻͷ
ľͷţŰƾߡ
ǣ׳ʿҶҪ̡
ιɡ鲻ֹһŮ˸ι̡
ȴһΪѣ׳ʿӲã˺ûˮҼ˸׼һͷţҶӺţ̵ġ
鿴۰ƣͷʣϻ̳Բԣ
ûϻ
˵ԣôԣ
ת鳯ɽȥаƸ
Ѳ㻹ץϻСֹ鲻ᣬƼæĸţɽ֮УҪǲİӣ涼֪ôġ
Ҳ֪˶ãͣƻûô£İѾȥˣȰƿ壬һֻϻڵϻš
СĹȥ˵ԡ
ƼѵһҺȻе㲻ʵæ˹ȥ
СĺʵҲõĶ
˰˵Ҹĵط
ƺ˱һΪҪǲϻ̣Ǳʧ
⿪ϵĺøƣڵϸϣᶳ
ʵĺܣˣƲŰСŵϣϻ̡
С忪ʼԣǶˣſﱧ̳ԡ
ԵĲ࣬һͳԱˡ
ʰһ£ӻ飬鿴һۼĮϲùĶŰɡ
֮ãæúðѶӰס׼С뿪
߾ͿİӻӽҪɱ˴ϻ׳ʿɣҪ뿪ɲ档
עŰƣδ˵ʲôϻȴͻȻ˹ƸоϻȻŵתϻϻҡҡͷƣһѰŵȫֱ¡
վں棬һ°ƣϻӽնɱƲ֪ô£ûסС壬СȥƺʱϻСܡ
ƽ׷˹ȥϻһգ۾굽ϻ
Ʋܣ˽ȥ
ſڿһۣתˡ
ƽϻһֱҪԳңҶӣȻɱ㡣
ƴʱѾҪˣѳӶˡ
ܵ棬ڰ˫һ۾̹⿴
ƺС塣
СûӦʣưѻó򿪿ɽ棬ɽһʯͷСڴʯͷϣߡ
ϻſһߣŪһֻСϻСϻոճãֻʮףſϻĶϳ̡
ϻ죬ס˵Сˣ
ϻ׶Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ͷСϻ
ƿСʲô¶ûУСߵСǰϻԼĺι̡
ƱСл
ҸˡҲҶϻɲѻҪǷڿɾ鷳ˡ
ԭΪֻû뵽Ҳ
(δ)

ʮ ٶ

ƴɽҵİһ뿪ûˡ
ҲǷˣ°¾ˣʲôˣ
İӰΧ˿ȥЩѣȴȥ
ɽ·ǲߣϾҰѵôãڷ֣ŴɽЩȷʵҲȥ·ķ֮ǰģ׷ϻʱȫ·ҲûסҪȥ졣
ƿۻС壬εûãû뵽·ǲסҪе绰ͺˣ绰öá
ǶϣֻҲһϵˡ
С۾ǲ˵ЩʲôưС廤ڻ˵ߡ
˵꣬ʹʲô·ᣬȴܸܵǸȻ
ƻͷһۣһһСֻϻˡ
ϻƾͺ£ǺϻģҲñСܣ˵Сˡ
ǿ򶨣ʹϻ򽻵ͲǺѻôˡ
ɽϵϻӦǻ϶ȥ
Ϊѵͳȥˣܲҳȥ
ϻʺצӣߵƵǰſ˵ϣʣҪϣ
ϻһҡͷУ߰ɣҲʹҳȥͳɡ
ϻŰǰȥСϻһһӡĸţСϻ̫Сˣ·ϻԵߡ
ʱƲոյǰͣʣô
ϻҡҡͷ˵̫ˣҳȥĻ²ȥɽͺˣЪЪţĸҲȻȥ
֪İӲڣȥé档
˭֪ϻСϻҲȥˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôһ·еһֻһֻϻ
ϻС£Χ˿ﻹ͵ƣȵϣԵĵûУƲ̾Ҫӡ
ңϻڡ
鷳˻裬һСڳһ٣ôͦŵˡ
Ҳûƺǲ뿪ڡ
СϻȽϻãֱʲôܺ档
ϻǲˣץӰסСϻ
ҲˣߵľϣϢһʱʱִϻҲľϡ
ľܴûбٹĴϻѹ壬Ǻů͡
ƺСϻĻصСϻİС壬СԴССԴһߣСŲġ
ƱСϻСϻ˰Ƶһڣɬɬģܲˡ
СۣСϻСϻ̰СԴŪˣܹɵſһߣ
ƺЦµģлл㣬ҪСҪˡ
Сϻһˣˣͷһ
ʱϻվСϻˣҲСŴϻͷ˿ƣӭŷѩˡ
ʱƲŷ֣ʼѩˡ
ԶĻ裬ЩãҪǵϵϻצӣΪΡ
ƺεıСȥŸСһڣû뵽ˡ
ƴϢһߣѩðա
ſв𣬾͵˲ŪһЩѩ˵ˮ
Ĳ˵ˮ
Сڵʱжվѩʱ˭ˣ
һǸİӡ
ȥſڿڵҹ˫̹۾һһСһһ
æŰС£˷š
ϻֻҰһֻӽСϻ켦ë
Ƹмޣæ뻢ϢǸϿ촦˼ӡ
СϻͲΧŰһһȥƾ˵һѼһֻӺͼϣ϶ԡ
СϻһЦ
ŪƸϻһֻһֻûСһԣҵһ㲻֪ڶõΰͣմųļ
Ҫ˼ܺȵ㼦
һôһȥˣڶʱ򣬰ʰһ׼뿪ϻͰһֱɽ£ŵŵСת뿪
ݣת뿪
ɽƻǺ꣬ʲôʱܻص
Ҫ֪ôһ쵰ƾͲװˡ
Сһ·ߣǿ˾ǳţڵ۴һͨ
㲻㣬ô֪Ҫǵùʱ򣬺ˮ졣
׼ǣͿһƺ´ǰ˹ȥƵ˫ž͸ʯͷһҲܶǰߵ˿ȥ
߹ȥʮͣ£תƣǰŮһʶ
֪֪ʲôط
ʰƣͨ˵·ߵݣ˭뵽ᱧźһڽй䡣
ʵΪܽΣ⻻һƶ·
ƴİӣ֪ҲǾǵˣɷھ˸Ůˣġ
һ
üͷ˶Ұɱ
Ȼ̧ͷҡͷ
ߣֿԣ
ת鳯ųȥ
(δ)

ʮ ޻

ֻøİӽǣΪ˶ĿưŪú࣬˼飬ʣȥݣ
ȥɱˣ鵭ȻƱһͲǺöԸˣʲôԹҪҹ塣
Ҫɱ˭ƶ߶£һš
ͣ¿һ۰ƣ

죺
š
̵ģҪɱ
ʣг𣿡
ûС
ˣΪʲô
˸Ǯɱˡ˵ķƵɱͬԷ
ƶپãɱ֡
ɱ˾Ȼ˵ĶôѲ
ҲʶҪɱӦҸʣҾͲˡ
׼֮󼪣ס岻ǺܺãչңˣҸطϢ
ƱסĵͣûиŹȥ
鲹ҵɷҰɱβҽҩѡ
أҲɱɷɷȻϵãұϾһӣô˵ҲҺӵĵɱ
ֻҪܻת⣬Ҿˡƺҽ͵
˵Ϊͽܣ㲻صĺҸɱǸ֮ˡ
ƳȻˣʲô߼
׳ʿˣû֪׳ʿմƳ⣬˳˭Ҫɱ
ûʲôˣΪʲô£
Ȼ飡
һ£飿
ƽҪҵǸˣ
䣬Щģӵʦװɣ
߰ɡ
Ʒʱ򣬷Ѿת뿪ˡ
û취ֻøŷȥ˳ſڣûȥǵĳѾϣˡ
죬ҲС
ûȥأ
۰Ͱ͵ĿŹϵĳţʣô죿ȥˡ
߰ɣȥʼԺתߣȣҪȥʲôʼԺ
ʼԺֻл£Ҫȥ£
ǻʼҵĵطǽȥô׷ʣҲᣬߡ
ھĶʮﴦƵȶҪˡ
ߵҹƲߵǰߵƮƮģƾϾͰɱˡ
˻»һٶ̨ףƺ޲ðѷҡ
˻ǰţˣͰѴֱӴˣŰȥµĺԺ
ƿһ䷿ţȥ㳤˵ơ
ƸŽȥкзǡ
ʩˣ
׼衣Ը׼˻͵ƱСæȥ
׼իƳ˷С˵׺СڵϵĵϢ
ҹһϺ˵ʩ˿Ѱˣ֪Ѱ
ģҸĵɷǸ򡣡
Ŷ
Ϻ˵˼仰뿪ԼԼϺкͷЩ飬ȫޡ
ϰ˯ѣû飬Ѿˡ
ƱСȥҪ˵ˮС˲һСе¸С崩ϣ˵ǷСʱ׼ûüġ
ҲʲôͷСʱΪʲôڻ¡
Ǹɾů͵ģ˰ƱС׼뿪ߵſھͱſڽƴҪȥ
ȥɷ򡣡Ҳ·飬ɱŶԡ
Ѿźӽȥ
ȥôƺ棬ϾͲڣô֪ǵ飿
ҽȥȻܽȥ˵İͺκζϡ
Ҳ⣬ֻܱСȥ
صҪԡһΣұźӳȥ㾡ܷϴ裬Ҳ͵
ϴ档ƣôŮˣθβ
һãȻϴ裬׷ſڰƽͣҲϴ裬ҡ
ҿ԰㡣
ã
תƻŵôҴ
С忴ץץͷ
ֻȥϴ裬ûԡͰˮ滹л꣬źɫ·ֻϴ˸衣
˳СҲϴϴϱɫ·ӼãƲ̾һɱֶһ㸻õĺãСӡ
Ƴţתһۣ˼һᣬȻһ㣬ϴɾҲͿˡ
ҵô֪ʡ
Ȼ˵˰ˣȫǽ䱸ˡ
ô죿
ǹʹ˾ͲˣӦǺйϵ
Ҫȥǣ
¡˵ԽŮˆ£ת׼ȥϴ裬ſͣˣתŰʣʲô
Ļżҵģ
ʲôһ
ҵƣżǰϡ
ƹ۲飬ʣаƣ
ǣҽС
ˣԺͽ޻
˵ȥ棬ѹûѰƽʲôȥ
ƶ޻һ㶼ϲ
ŷŽȥ˸ˮȥ׼·
(δ)

ʮ ̶

ƵϴһᣬƲűС뿪¾ˣһֱˡ
ò뿪˻°Сܵ档
ͷû׷ȥ߲ˣֻȥˡ
ûҵ˱׷ˡ
ƶû·ȴ鿪˵Ҫܣ
ŵһͷ鰲εЦЦֻˡ
ʲôҪȥ룿ɫѿתȥ£߰ɡ
ֻøȥòҪȥĵˣҪ㡣
ص°Ʊŷ⿪ϵĺɫӣ°˳ȥƱСȥ£СŵߣʣҺҪЩ̣ܲŪһֻĸţ
̧ͷ򡣡
ԣɶ
ʮΡ
һҲһ۾С壺Ǻܺθڣ
զ࣬ʲô/̬˶С
ȿ
ֻȸ鿴
Ҫβѣ㲻УҪǳҩĻҲô죬ʱǶ죬Ҫҩ
Ҫҩдȥ׼˳׼һͷţȥſڣһͷţһίʵһֻţڹ᣿
෽ѰңұǣҲûҵĸӡ
һŭҵ˹ȥ
ϵһΪѣͷۣܰŰ¾ͻңúõôͲˣһŮ˴һӣܳ˳˲ɡ
ϵҲǰ취ûУϵֻѹ˳
ûаƵ鵤ҩָҲǺܺãƨɻžͳˡ
ſڵŰ尢̵ϥأү
ûѾĴɻ֪һǳˡ
ҲûͰһˡ
Ρڣǰ񣬹ûᰢתһߵΡ٣ô£
ǹʹѾˣڻʼұԷĵ죬Сӱ㱻˽ٳˣûҵѾ˾ǣ츲صҲûҵ
֪϶ô¡
æʵ
ʣأ
ûãˣǶУ͵̫Ĺ¡
;̫ӴʹţһаãֻհһΡ
ȥܣ򿪳ţһаͰ࣬ȥѾҵ

⣬ҲҵϾˡ
صѶβߣ߰ɣȥˡ
βܵϣһһдʮˣȥҰơ
ҹ뿪˾ǣһɽϣ嵽ɽ̧ʾͣ¡
βԵ궯굽ĻţЩɪɪ
óӣһѻ¸½лܿѻɽ¼ᣬѻ䵽ļϣһ䣬Щ㲣ȴ·ûһ
ȥҡѻ𣬴źѻȺɽϣŶβɽ
ɽϷéݣȥ˰Ƶĺۼβ˷ܣͬʱҲֻܿš
ּϻëת뿪éݣ˳ŵϵϻצӣ϶βҵϻڡ
ʱϻСɽһϻѿ۴򿪣һ
ϻһŹ忴ȥ
βŵһ굽˹ĺſţߴߴлĺ
΢УƺС壬ͽʬΣ㺢ӰƤ޹ǡ
ϻȻһŭһŹ˹ȥ˼Ѷβӵһߣϻ
󼸸æŭץС
˶ȥץСˣЩģϻżСοתͱ嶢ˣһȥһֻϻҲ֪ʲôʱģ˹һ䵽ϣϻſѪҧȥ˭֪ոձ嶢ϵϻС˰ϻ˵ˡ
ֻϻ棬ĸһۻŷֿ
ҲˣЩ֣ϻ
迴Ź壬ߵСǱ
忴Сȥ濴
βȻ£굽ɽ̧צָָɽķ򣬹忴裬Եࡣ
忴ĺѻ뵽ܺͺѻԻʣö˵ʲô
ſˣеӣ·
üͷ޶ûԣѾɽˣ
˻ͷŵӣŻ迿
СϻһŹ˹ȥûж֣ǿŻ衣
ӵߵ߲˲䣬Χʮ˶ɵˣβӱСŵߴߴܵϡ
嶢Ż迴ſˣ⹬塣
һϻ֮Ҫ׺Ҫġ
ʱ˵ȥҲ˵Ĺȥһж̶Ӱɡ
(δ)

ʮ Ϊʲô

忴ҧŵСϻСϻҧĿص˻𣬺Ƶġ
忴һᣬСϻСϻſҧˣһ
СϻԹſڹĻˡ
ʣҪѺ͸ң
һϻŹһȦſ˻ߡ
ſºһֻצӰڻĶƤϣ֪ϻϰԣνһɽݶϻǲһġ
ĸҲСʲôԭ
˼Ƿ޻
迴۹壬ƺЩεſ˵ϣС
С˵ȻŵùǱͰߣպл
屧С۶β·
βٶˣͷһֻ󻢣ԥȥҰơ
ֻŹһ·ɽ߻ɽ¿ţһֱСصĽ֪ģźڸ
ȥѾˣֻŤͷɽ
һ·ҵ˻£ڻͣ¡
ʱҹ
ԸϵֹǰСϻϣ϶βȥ
˻µ棬Ĵ˿ǽȥ
СֱԺȥҲ˹ȥ
Щ˯ţڵϿС塣
С˯ţ˿۾ƱСģǲ˯ţ
С忴ſڷ򣬺ԺϨˣֻŵơ
С˵Ӵźһ忪⹬պվſڣﱧһֻСϻ
ſŶββצץŹ·
һСôɭɭվſڣעˡ
Ľָ壺˭
彫СϻŽţһ߽СϻŵϣҰȥˣƺǺίصſ˰Ƶϣţ費Ҫˣ
СϻήҲſصĺš
һ߰һ߿壬ûˣƨﻹѪҵļûȥϡ
ָ飺ɣ
鵹ûпŹȥ˲һ
ƿˣſȥ鿴ȥһģ
ߵſڷĽ̹ȥһĽƺ˵Ժ档
һٶ๭׼飬±һǧҾΧˮйͨ
ͣˡ
ʲôˣΪλʱЩζŰƿһۡ
˵Ǵ塣
һ£ٲȻû뵽ݡ
鿴ƣҲòˡ
ûҡ˵⻰ʱ򿿽˹һЩѰ󱣻Ķ㵽˹ߣ˳ͷΪʲô֣˰ƵĽɫ˳
Ҫɱ΢УϢ
үĪѾжˡǹ˹忴۰ƣһԳ
üͷ˵ʲôʱ˼üȥ
šӦˣ顣
˵
һһµ˵ϣĽҲˡ
˰֣Ӱѷסˡ
飺үȻ书ǿδܣϽͣѺ棬ȥܶ鷳ˡ
š˰ѷȥΣƸŹ
·ϰưС彻嵹ͷ˯ҲƣڰƵҲ˯ˡ
ǶβСſСš
ƲѹСԺһȥϴϴȥĴ󱦱˳Сϻȥ
ֵСϻС壬ȥˡ
Ҳȷе뷨ܺͶｻС塣
С˯ţСϻСſţ˯ǰƸһԡ
ԱСſš
󱦱ĽĲУֱˮ
ţĽҲûá
ûϢȥ˶ˣ칫ȥˣƸ忴˿ƨɡ
һߴһѹˣôεҽ㿴ǲɵ
ſƨɶ¶ţƶȥ
Ҳû£һЩⲻǶˣһƤˣ̵סġ
ſڹĺϣЦûʲô
̫ˣҿ㻹Ǵǹٱˡƶˡ
ҪǴǹ٣ˣ
Ǿöȥ
ҪǿϣαҪ٣
ﲻˣΪİ϶˵ʲôҪҾİˣҲþİ֪Ϊʲô죡
(δ)

ʮ ˭

ƻؾûж֪ҲǾϢȻ뷨
ϸŹϳڳϼ˾İϡ
İҲ𾪵ˣƲȥڱסˣһžİϽµӣסûȥҰơ
֮ϣƺ͹ݼϵۣϵйµѯ˼䣬㿴İϡ
˴εʧһ£д̫ΪѲʧʧһ£̫Ӻ޹ϵϵ۵Ȼİ˳ȥ
ˣȻ°٣ԩİϣİҲ⣬ǡİ֮ʱ£ȷʵɡ
ȻѾ£ҲǽԴϲȻҲͻİס
İϴ˷ϵ۵˵ͷȻ̫˵ǡ
ڴӴġ
غ׵Ѿˣ
ةüͷŮȻѾ֣Ҳס˺λǵõ˻ϵĳ谮
˵ףƵٵ¹飬ȴ˲֪
Ȼ˵Ӱ첻ãȴûкڳеĵλٵڻеĵλ
ةѾ꣬ϣŮһӳϾǿڹȥϣҲΪ
ЩһµϣǸŮҲˡ
û취ǿͷĦģ
ةͷ˫ֱһ
ةة࣬˵Ҳ˵
Щ̫ˣ̫Ǵӣʲô
ϵʱǶ˵ˡ
ǹǰ׵飬֪ˣһƾİϣİϲ¡
İϱһЩ׵ĺãȻĻ׵һ̸ϣҲҪ뿪ʱˡ
벻ɣʱˡ
£İҲòڡ
ϵɨһˣưˣ
ڰ䣬أϵѾͶնҲûϳΪû˭ʱ
ƿ۾̫̫Ƥ˵ӡ
ϵü۵¶ãĵĲʹǰϵҲö˵ʲôֻӦʣ˵
ΪǹȻҪҴףúϣϲ¡
Ҵк׵³̣Ǻף׸ҴΪˣҴſɺף
̫ӣ˽ˣ
˵ſİϣİϰôû˵
İ˰żֱӿڵףȻֻһһҲ
İŻ񣬿ߵ˵
̫ӡҴ³̣ɺҸĶοǹҴ׸Ҳ޲ɣҴŮӵ²ż汸УŮеĵ䷶
ǹȻҪףȻҲ˽ģѲǹײʹҴĿģ
岻ϵ˵Щʲô㿪ʼԴǱˡ
İԭҲƱˣһ˵ǣЩ޴˵Ŀ䵭֣ת˵ײǶϷ˵ǹȷʵйҲΪ˸л̹ǳػǹǹǴķ
ףǹȻȴһأֺα˴𸴡
οǷŮȨҪǵ׸ʣպǹķ½к棿
İϿ۹壺ǲͬ˴εĺףֱǣα˵ѣ˱ͣ
һЩ̫˵ͷˡ
ü˵̫ӷҪףҪҴŮȢߣ
ǣ
ʣҪȢҴŮ֮˿̫ӣ

İĿ΢Ȼǡ
Ǻˣ
̫ӵĴ磬İ裡İֱ档
ɨӳ֮ϣȻʼɫ䡣
տϵۣϿأ
˵İ裬ǹҵģѾѹ
ǣҴѾʮ꣬ʱһλޣλҡ
ϵɫ䣬Ŀ̫ӣλҪȢˣǻҹǿ
Ȼ
ôϵۿһ۹壬巴˵ˡ
ϵɫһո˵Ļɣ޻ûꡣ
˵ϧˣҴһ޹
޷˵ʺѾ֣ǹԸ⡭
ž
İϺȻͣһ£æŹ£ˡ˵ˣ
ϵۿȥѾæŰѵϵ˼úõסˡ
ˣϳרãÿ˵ݣϹְСУҴ󲿷ӡ
ԹŮڳ£ҲһЩھ
԰ϳҲ˵ģ
ϵۿŰƣɫ䣺ǲĶǲǣΣΪ볯֮ˣˣ
ǰݲҰ
ϵһŭڴ󳼷׷׿İϣپúĺԹİϣ³ç˵ȻϵŮǿԺףֵõһ̣
İϵǿƣһ
֪ϵ׼̫˳
(δ)

ʮ 

Ϣŭһ£ס̫ȻϵȻǸӡ
̫ޣϢŭ
ϣ֮Ƥ֮࣬οҴԭŮ֮ȻǷŮʵƽƽ֮
̫²ż汸Ե²ĸ£֮аϷ汸ĿΪ͢ǣΪջӡ
˭ãҴŮӽü
ƽУ֮УΪβǲ࣬İղʹ
δв֮С
լʺĻգ֮޲Ϊֵ͢Ϊȫڳ֮ϣôӻϡ
Ȼʧʱ۹ȣŻ˵飬ҴŮΪ𣬸ΪŴ
˷ðһ̫ǲһˣ˵Ļ˵Ůӱ󣬻Ҳ᲻óͷӦΪһС³ͷ
׸֮£Ҳͳˣ
ϵĿ˼֣ҲǣɣСˣʧˣǾŹȣ¡
Ҫ˵Ĳᣬ˳ѧˡ
̫˳ϵ۳Ȼûʲôˣ
һжǾİϵĴǧ򲻸ãÿ˵ǸʲôֳİҪȢŮĻ
ϵŮڶֲֵһȢ
һִˣһͶģοϵۡ
лϵۣϣм仰̫˵
׼࣡
ϵ۵Ȼʱ䣬ĵȴޣȻ׶ˡ
ּİϣʵ̫ӣһʣ̫ʵش𡣡
İת˵
̫ӿǻɻأ
Ȼᡣİԥһ£ûɻʲô˼Ϊ˹ȫֲ˵
˲˵ǿһϲ£˵ĻҽΪҼүָϲͷ˵£Ϊүıһ̰ɡ
ɫˣûȻ˳Ϊ˹ȫ֣Ҳˣ
亹ֱ
İɫһ˿Ц̫ӵŮδѾͣǱȱ̫ӻ곤һ꣬ҪȢ̫ӵŮǸ̡㵱
̫Ӵ˻˵ЦˣҴϹǻڶһ֪ǻӻǻŮǹף׵˶ˣ
ʮˣ
޲ҲˣþͲأ
һЦ̫ӵǸ̫ӣŮҴĻô
⡭
İϱ˵ĲˣƼǰ̫ӣŮܷıǣҼ˵ֻϲһˣǿ̫ӵ̱Ȼǿϵģǹţͨǡ
ơİҧһЦŲδͣ¡
ϵҲǿʱźȻףڲ޵
ŮڼӶʨ˭
̫ӣֱ䣬Ҫһٴ壬̫Ȼͬҳ׼ң̫ӻϱˡ
ߣôҲүͨĵأ
ñ̫ӵĹͨİֱ¡
һЦ̫ӣŮӵУЩʱ򣬶ҼүȻίһЩ
ҲΪүѰһλŮӣͨԱ㱾֮ʱźү
κΣĪ˵ǸλȨ֮ŵС㣬ͨѰİŮҲǲҡ
ϾŮӣģ/˲أسϧ϶֣ȻҴ֮ƣ
͹ʲôϵҪƭİŭĿ
һЦ̫֪ҴТ֮ТΪȣ˲Т˳
Ҳˣ̫Ůӡ
ҴŮݵλ֮ߣҲɴ˶
ʣĸڣƲŮӣŮӲ󣿡
ſڴƻƣܻΪһ̸Ůӡ
Լǣ
һ˵ľİŭһ
˵ѾףǾ̫һ⣬պȢ׵ƾ֤
̫ˣϷŪ̫ӣ̫һ㡭
˵İ̧־ҪƣһȾ͵ˣûĴ󳼻浱Ǿİϴ˰ơ
ϣ
ϵûҲ̫ܺˣ˭ˣ
̫ӣ̫һЩǰ㾹˲ҪҴ޿ʱҪΣ˳һ顣
ϵȻʲôûҲҪⳡϷһӣ塣
İ̧ͷ֣ΪԼĴ˰ˣû˵
һŭƣİϣһƬǹúϣ㾹Ŀ˲ʶ̧٣ҳˣ±㲻죬ˣѾİԼһΣûбƣ̽ӡ
¿̽ǹʮѹȻҴűʮǰ߹أҹ̣˵оˣֱǹǣ
(δ)

ʮһ ˵

İֱ߶ںͿ֮Уƴĺԩϵ۵ԭ£κϵͬûһʵǹӡ
İϱѺߣ˵ˣ
뿪ϵſһ۾̫̫սʲô飿
̫˵ϣιǰΪǹѹһ²űѺΣȻսȻⳡҪ
Ѿּɴǰ߹أ׼սȻ㡣
ʱʱݣ£ҩģһЩҪ׼ˣҴȻڹж룬һǮƣǻԹӦʮս衣
̫˵ļǣȻˣǾϵ
Ѱ͵﹬ת˸û߶Զ
ǰּ֮ģڽ飬οս顣
ϵΪѣսУ˷ս׼ˣ
ϣѾ׼У࿪ս˳Ѿ׼㣬Ǵִ߹صʱ䡣
ǰѾӵ̽˾ϱڰǰ³Ѿ˳׼߹һµʱǹ㹻Ҿʱ䣬Ͼİϵо˷Ҫǹ̹ϸùʮϽ˰գҲҴ˰ա
һ˵Ͻ˰գϵ۷Ź⣬ԭԻͣ·һѰ׻ӶѷǹķֻǵĴ˻
ϵ۰סеȼѯʵ˻췽ҹ̷
ǣտڴ󻰣һô˵Ǿ̫Ӧôˡ
һӣǹĵֶǰַܹϢʮ˰գҲ˴һ⡣
ϣʮ˰գȿԴ򡣡̫һڣҲ׷׽ԣϵȥЩˣǿةࡣ
ҲǸ˰ô˵һ䡣
ة࿴أ
ةԥһϣҲ޳ɴģûʮ˰գⳡҲǳҪġ
ǹͼҪռҴأֻԺ׻εĴѹҴ飬ȷʵúϣķ½֮ϣ˭֪ó˿ȰŮȥǹֺ֮㰡
ϵ۾þòԣò˵ةԼǣȻˣ޾ٹ֮ҲϢ
ʥ
ʥ
½أ忴ϵֵۣӣϵûһϵ˵ǹս£װ죬һнȣȫӵǲ˰ɡ
תϵ뿪Ƿ׷׷ϵ۵Ӣʥͣ忴һڳڳԾ̫Ϊף̫˵ʲôҲ˰ȥ
뿪̫֮ͬС
̫£
α֪أ̫ʮƣԭҲвʱ򣬵̫æ£Ͼ˼ϵ⼸꣬ÿʲô飬ȥˣżĶʱЩ飬Խǲܷĵز
˵֮󣬾̫ԽҲͰˣԽöϲԸص̫ȥˡ
ǰʱ䣬飬þ̫¡
ԽˣԽҪš
ˣ
̫ͶҲǴС飬ʱķޣûһ˳֮λ̫ȥû
ˣȻòһˡ
Խһжˡ
һ룺̫οǹⳡս
ҪĪ׼ûУ̫üŹſ˵һ׼˭ˣȫ˵ġ
üͷһ£ֻ̣ûпս֮ǰô֪᲻Ȼûʲô׼
̫ͣ˫ﶯ˶üŹ壬˵Ҫȥ﹬ĸ밲̫С
˵깬ˣ̫תȥЦЦ
·ǿȵ۵Ӱӡ
дˣҲͿԻؼˡ
ת̫Źȥ
̫˵˻嵽˾Ͱˣ̫ûһٲТ
뿪˳﹬ѯʣˣ
򣡡
һĨЦ⣬
ҲЦȥ⣬ͷЦ
ص﹬̫Ѿڹڵˣæȥ񣺡̫󣡡
ô˵ģǴˣ
ˣҪѰݵͨ˵ӲʱƵģǹ̫ӣǹ̫ӻûŮҪ綨£ŭ̫ӣǹ̫Ӵ
ľЩ
̫һָ˺æס̫֣һ·ǰȥ
̫
ڣ԰ˣȹЩӣůʱ򣬰Ѽ󱦱
̫ԥһ£˵ҪֻǰСɺã
̫Ӳ˰ɣЦǺǵĴȤ
̫Ƶ˵ҲˣôСһӣ㿴Ƣǡ˭أ
ҲûСʱģҪ˵Ҳ񰡣
ҲడңҪڱǼ޸Ǹ׼ҵģҴĻ
̫ˣ
̫󲻾⿴ۺߣĶܰˣ²ˣ

(δ)

ʮ ɨ

İڴ￴һ£ûᣬҲΪƸڹߡ
һ£ɫĹ㣬ؿ
ͬ£ɲҴ£ϻŽأӺݻ󣬾ס
һֱ֣ͬһԣľİЩ
棬˿ң±סǱ
վһϸһİϣշ/εǹ̫ӣ˽Ǳ˭˵Щʲô
£Ҫ
ôİ۵׾Ǽ
ǶԹ壬ҲǶ԰ƣŮ˿ˣ
վȻ̫ûʲôͱ˵Ҳ̫ӣǾͱ˵ˡ
תһ°Ƶ֣Űȥ档
İϴûܹվ̫վס
ͣ£תİϣİɫΪ̫ɵˣ
벻ǣ̫ӵ飬Ҳȥ֪һмĲһɲ
Ծİϣʱ
İͣǹ⻼ҸŲԣͼսԸ⡣
ƿһ۹壬Ȼ˲ˡ
ô㣡
̫ʲô˼أ
Ȼǲ뿪սǴԣսûкôͬûкô
ֻϧĸûʲôˣŲǹ̫ӣұܿգǾĸǿʢҪս
һҪᵽңϾҪʹãǰᵽҡ
һֱĺңֻϧҲףǵĹǹضķѣڻӲ֮˴ڡ
һҪλ˱ȻҴλ
δӮʮѹ˵ҲǸͷ۵ɣ
̫ӵ˼ǣⳡ֮ҪΪ㣿ߵİǰ棬һϵӣҲһ¡
İ˵ȻҪǾʹĺһ㣬ֱӴǹȥҸʵ޹ǰȥ֪սʲô³Щͼı죬ͼλֱǴ£ǹǴԶ޺á
΢΢ü㵽ǹ̫ӣĿʲô
ҪΪǹĴҪӦңֻҪǹҪǹ黹ңһҪĹ黹ң
İϿһ۰ƣ壺ǹڣʮǰͿʼҵˣҲ̵ͨȻֲп֧˴ιǹݡ
ֻҪ󣬵һ㲻˺ǹ޹գڶҪ黹ǹĳǳأ³֮ǹԭԭĻҡ
˵̹ȥ
Ʋԣ̫ôΪүӦأ
ӦĻֻҪ̫պ󲻳ȥǹЩˣͻʱ˭ùⳡҪҲҪǹ
ǺķѲ̣Ұǣķ½Ҳǵ壬ǻʲô⣿
ƿ壬һǳˡ
˷һӣ
˼ԴӦʱ˵ҪǹľȥˣҪǹϽʮ˰գȻƽǹ
˵ȥĻóȥˮѻͷ
˵ǹǹӦʮ˰գѳǳػҡ
Ȼˣˡ
İҲҵ˻Ƚ׼һ£ֻҪ취;нɣʱҪˣǻᾡݾߣҲҪ˺
ѵصдš
˵ˣ˳ȥ
ŹϣƻͷһۣŹ뿪
Ʊ廳뿪̧ͷŹʣҪô
ⳡҪ򣬱ȻҪķѺܶӣȻҴȱĶİб¾ɼ˲ˣֻˡ
ղɱˣǱһˣܳΪĵˣҲ˵б¡
Ҫţű׳󣬵ȵ˴Ժɨķ½ʱ򣬱õʱҪķ½׳Ƴ
һ£뿪˹ĻŹ嵭Ȼ侲Ŀ⡣
ʣүҪ
֪Щ飬ԹӰܴ󣬵û뷨Ҫڶ
忴ŰƣĿ䣺ƣǱҪƿɻԸ⸨ͳ£
ƳˣɨģȻɾǧһۣȴҲͬǸ飬˻һѣүԸΪôʵʷϸûүΪĴֻһռĳүκεۣ
δؾϡۣҪһͳ£ЩսңЩһ˿Գе˶һԸˣ
һԴǣתĬˡ
(δ)

ʮ Ľľ̫

ҲżҪƸ˵ʲôǺƽĵţһֱȵƿϾǴĻϣʼʦҹ֮ˣǲ֮ˣ⽭ɽע޹ذ
ܲô࣬Ҫɨķ½ͳһ£ҪðڻսңҪ޽ǣͨ˺ӣչ̵ҩ
ȹѻ˵ֶ̧꣬ס˹죬˵
ү֪˵ʲôҪǧˣȲ˵ҩΣ޽Ǻʹͨ˺ӣҪúܴĲģİδס
Աϣôϣе
ƺȻˣ㸸δز֪ıֻҪһѷĽɣ
ں
סƵ°ͣǣ뿪סȻүıȻѾǷޣΨ棬˵ǰү츣
үҪ֪ûбɨķ½ķ½֮ϣҲǻиĳһ졣
ܲЮ˵ǧˡ
˵ǸͰүĽɽܻˡ
үսɳϣҲϴµĽɽ򲢲ѣزصסǱ¡
Ҫ££Ҫľһ߿԰ǧǧһ߿ԽŪ֮䣬Ҫһʱɴ£һʱײϡ
ˣУһүˣһ˭֪˭ˣ
ҪûУԵĻǼô
ķ½չȥһֻϻھָ࣬Ҳ͵УŬҡ
忴ŰƣŰ°Ͱ棺ƲŮȻƣˣ²Ǳͷ󻼡
ĸкЦѵŮӾͲ۰£
һ٣û˵Űɿ֣Ӹεš
֣үôˣ
ŮӵȻ۰£ŮӶѡЦ
֣үţ
嵭Ȼһ۰ƣѰȥ§סµô
̧ͷûУҪүһңҾУһүҪĶүں
һЦǲˣҪĶƣưˡ
ǿδأһЦɫһֱѰ§ڻŭˣ
ң
Ƶһ˱ڹĻҪ뿪ͬǱֽˮһһҲˡ
ҪңԹ
ɣΣ㱾˲õ飬ҲĪǵã󣬱׿ڳϣ뿪

ƿһṬ˵ҪǲӦأ
ͻȥýϣ˴ӦΪֹ
ƺЦүҲ㱾£˵Щ
ƿڹĻˣҲûãҪү˶Բҵ飬ұȻүˡ
ӲСĲ˱Сˡ
һᣬصѰƱȥ
صԺȥ˼󱦱ȥ˶ˣ̫ȻǱߡ
̫ʩ񣬱ȥ˿ˡ
̫ڶ˵ţոҪѶ˽ӻȥ
⼸̫ԼļҲŪ˸ůȻûߵĺãҲԲѶ˽ӻ̫ȥ
˵ףôãҲ̫㡣
̫ÿնܲÿնס£һ̫ס棬˵ȥûӡ
̫ס£±ʣ̫ʲôʲôססԹʣ
/Ѷ˽ӻȥԸȥסҲ޷
̫ϲҪˣ
嵭Ȼ޲һ۶Ǳߣ˵һ׼һ¡
ˣϷҲͷһڴ˴ЪϢˣ£̫ٲȻҾ죬̬ܰȡ
һž;úЦһһٵĴ̣ǶǶ£Ͳ֪˭ʤ˭ˡ
ˣרĸ˿⼸ղڣٲȻ岻ǰˡ
ѯʼϸΣ׼ȷĴӣϴΰͣΰ˳ƹģ˸ǵȫרýƬڷ
һҲˣһ߶ʼ֪˯˹ȥ
彫˱𣬳ŻȥϢ
̧̫ͷѾ뿪Ĺ壬Ľ֮ɫ
(δ)

ʮ Ĵɱ

սڼ忪ʼæսµǲϢһҹȥ糯һͬǰȥĻо̫
һǰһһȴǿóġ
˹ſ˴Ӿ̫һͬ
ſڻһʱֲ̫̿ѾƫһˣǿսȻûκεĻˡ
ȥӣǰ˵˿Ų˻û±㿪ʼ෽ãһȦƲŴӸ
յſھͿǸΡſڵš
ƿһʱ䣬Ѿˡ
κ
΢΢ʩΡæ񣺡ˣְ̿֡
ҲԣΡʣκүģ
ְүģʾѺǹ̫ӣԼǸҪδã
ΡҪǲƲ㶼ˣиأ
ԥһǸҪɱ˭Ҫɱ
İѹţҪǲֵĻɣǸԺȥκȻȥɡ
İҪΪʼûгԷ
ƿһΡ٣ô
ģǺܺ棬ʵΡһľګ
ûС
ûоͲø˵ˣΪ̫֮ˣȻЩƢ֮ǰүȥ̹ǵʱɱ˱вʰɣ䵽ҵҪ˾ͲںˣǸǻԼ컯ҪǻţǾǻţǲţԷҲɡ
ת˸Ρپһ亹ǱŰ֮ˣȻġ
Ρת뿪ȥ˼󱦱
°ƱС壬Сϻȥ
СϻһƾŤ˹ȥֱſڰƵſţһĺӣʲô¶һ䵽Ƶˣһ˫۶Űƿʱʱһ͡
С尲׵Ļֻ۾һ£˯Ƶģ۾ˡ
󱦱֪жĽС壬㿴˼ң׻СϻʲôûС
˼ҵôôãôûС
ޣֻ۰ͰĽķݡ
βСѻƺҲԽԽСˣС˯һײ³С˯ϢСŵʱǾͿʼֺС壬С忪ġ
СϻСĸ購ҲֻСϻСǰõһϯ֮أС嵱ȡůõĹߣСֻҪСϻߣͲˡ
СԴմȥߡ
Сϻ˲ԴɵſڰƵϣ·ĵλһ
һС彻ƽҪȥ飬ҪС彻ƽС۾
СѾˣ˫۾·ǻ˵ŰƴӦš
һͼװССĵܵܣȥ͵ôŰɡ
ҪţСŰɣССҪƹûʵ˸վС׼ţ󱦱ˢˢĽĳŰƿȥ׵ıӰҲֻĽķˡ
Ҳ˼ûӳʱжá
ֻΪͼǧ谮һ󱦱䲻
СõĽ׵ĻţƱԺǱߡ
Ůǰļ󱦱ϴģ϶ġ
Ůϲϲ
ƽŰ˵ͷѺӽתȥ棬ȥҰơ
£һȥ·һѯʣȻ֪ƽûʲô¶뿪ӸǱߣھӸ˵飬бҪ顣
ƽ˵йڽԣ˻ؽҪɱӵ顣
С۾ٿһ˲ֱˣԼԼСˡ
С壬֣ʲôôңҪؽɱң
ڲ飬Ǯɱӵ˵ҵˡ
ʲôˣƵǺˡ
ˡ

뵽Ǹˣˣ
ƽǲǲöԸǰƽ˵ֻǵʱδȥǲòˡ
ԸʵҲѣֻ˵ĸǸˣҺ˵Ҫܰ˵ˣʵûʲôѵġ
Ҷʶôң
ѾռĻˣŲ֮ҵˡ
ϣɣʵѾɱˣ֮ǰҺС屻°߾ģǸҪΪЩԲУҲ֪˭Ͱɱˡ
ҲûʲôãǿԴ˵Ŀ֪һЩ飬ҷ
ӣ㻹ţƽġ
ƺЦǴ򣬴вŵĵοҪҪɱңҲȥѵǾͲɱˣ
ܣ
Ȼܺαػǣ
Ǹǻ֪
ƻ·Сȥصء
ǵзģصҲ֪ܻܲ
(δ)

ʮ ȱ

Ĳãн񱣬岻вԴӽοʼͲϱ꣬Ͽԡ
ԭӢһӣ˿ѾĿȫǣӷײ˵Ҳ⣬ʮǱ
ƿŽȥʱ򣬾ͿڿԵķ飬ŰϰѻС彻˰󻹱СϻСϻڿſţżԱСϻδ˺£ưСϻŵı棬Ҳ㰲ݡ
С壬վһ߹۲죬̧ͷƣȻһЦ޻

ƣôôŹ֣֣
Ȼȥᣬߵǰס󣬸
ͽȻ᷿Ҳ¡
鵭Įӿһ۰ƣ˵·ҲȾ˼ɫôѿªˡ
׳ʿԼǣ¼ûмªŮӣֻûЩ͵ˣ۾Ȼɷû۾ȻĲֱӡ
˵ӣź˵һߣѰϵҩŵһߣ򿪴һЩҩȥ飺׳ʿ롣
ҩ迴һۣУ׼ˮ򿪱±鵹һˮ鵱԰ðıȤ
Ǳ±ˮڱ汣ʮʱҡƽŰˮ˷飬ӹȥϸĿ˿ˮ
˵ȻǸõطȶǱûС
ûУǧѵá
Ƶŷҩˣ¿飺׳ʿҪɱΪҪ׳ʿģ
ɣҩ̾ú˳ࡣ
ЦûʲôɣֻǾã׳ʿˣȱӵˣ׳ʿò˰̸¸ǲǽеĲçôΪ˼ɱң
ұϾǴĳʲô飬س͢Ҳǻ׷ġ
Цϲɱˣϲɱ׬ȡӣô

һ£һ߳ٳûڣ˵ɱֺηҪɱĻʵ˭
׳ʿȻԸ˵ȸˣ
˵ͨͲ˵Ҫ뿪
˵ȥסﻷ̫סߣҿԴӦҪɱ㣬಻
㡭ߣһ˵Ļô
Ʒˣ׳ʿҪǿд鱣֤Ҳ޷׳ʿҪд£˺ˣҲ˺ˡ
޻˼ֻ˺㣿ĿɵĮ
Ƶͷǡ
ãҲֻҪʱҪ˺ʱҲ˱㣬ɱû˼
ǾδˣҪ׳ʿܰɱˣҲ˵ҼүܣܣˣȻ˵Щ˵ġվһߣȻ
һЦ׵ԵóªЩС
һôҪ
˲սԣǾ߰ɡ
룡ȥһϵ
ƿ£ΡٵˣҪǰ⿪
Ρԥǲףһ
û£ӵʦ˺ҵģӾɱͽܵףǲЦ
ƴ˻һüͷһ£ŰС忴ȥҿ԰ʦţ
һЦ֮
ŭ˵ʦţ
׳ʿԲӣΪҪɱңͽʦţ˽˵׳ʿ׳ʿ͸¶ңȻڲ֪׳ʿʲô֣һջ֪ģǸʱ򣬼׳ʿô˵޷ڸǣ׳ʿΪҪɱңΪ˵õӣͽʦˣ
鱾ѾһЩʱֱĿʼˣǿûûˡ
ΡĳλǸݽɫ
·Ĵ̿Ͱˡ
κ
ΡٲڳɣæŽ˴ͽ
ŭһ۰ƣɱ򿪵ֽţ˳ȥ
Ρ߸ȥѰƣİҲڴ˴һֱҪҲԲȡ
͹ŰɣȥҲ鷳
ŷžм˳һǰסһøϣһŮӵϥ£ȼ٣
鵭Į۰˵޹޻Ĵ󻤷

һȣ޹ҲȻ̧ͷƿϵŮǸŮӣŮӰ춼Ǵɵġ
һߵĹҽסơ
󻤷һֱãӵʦ㣬ѵ˵ӵʦ㣿
Ҳ𾪡
ȥؿˣϽҪȥͣŻɱơ

˷׷˲ʧ
ƿҲػص½ƽȥ׼ס¶˵Ժӣÿ˹͡
ݰѾµʮ֣ô̵ֻз鱾ˡ
¶۾һĸΪ˼Գɱ
ȱô
ȱӣ
۷Ź⣬ҪȱӣǾͺðˡ
Ǯܽ飬ڰƵУ㲻ʲôѵ£
(δ)

ʮ ޹

ƽӵϢϲ⣬̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬵ȫѹ򣬵סĵطھӸԺ档
°Ϲܼŵòᣬæ
ƽھӸ˵ǹܼңǹͰҲδعܵˡ
ܼȰ˵æȥſڵȰơ
˭֪ûȵƣѾȵ˹ҽǰ
ܼұŵòˤ
ˣֱܼңܼҲǺˣ˴ȥӸ棬ƽдǡ
ƽ˽ȥȰȥſڽӦơ
ƴһ
ᣬƽǰͰ˵˼仰ƿƽаգ
ȻС
ǾͰ
ƿһߣŰƽǰӭƽ
鵭Į񣡡
ƽ˵ƽ˰ݼһֱδѶû뵽վȻüҡ
鿴һ۰ƣֲ֮⡣
СӣѾǴֵˣӵʦɫǰЩƽ񽭺вŻĪĸ飬Ϊ˱෽̽Ҫҵ
û뵽ԵɺϣȻˡƹûʵ˵
һƽֿһ۰ƣ治֪ôģȻһѾͷ磬еֵ
ƽΡ
ƺЦܼҲ
롣
ȥƽ˵ͷȥ
ƽϰΪԡ£ŹϰƱȥ󱦱С¾ˡ
ƽſڵŷԺԼĻأȻȴǹ͵Ĵ
ȥſڵŹ³
̫飬ǰȥ񣬱ѹˣܼһ·ž̫ȥӸǱߣҲԺ˿˵飬̫ûʣҲ֪
ĹĵطҪһĶȥʣҲʲ
ƾøﲻ˵ĵطŹھһȦѷ˵һ顣
忿ŰƣȻŪָϵİָ
ô˵СǼʦѡ⻰Щᣬˡ
һĨЦ˵үǾãүı£ҪʲôС书ɣ
Ȼأ
嵭Ȼ޲
ƾ֪ҲǸʵˡ
˵үʦӺˣ
˼ʦȻˡ
үѵ㲻ãи˵ʦһܲ飿
屧Űǣǲײ籾Լ̵ǣǷʲô˼㲻ƿأǵСҲȫҪǴˣΣ
ʶҪսƴһкȥڡ
үΪƫִ
ԼĹ⣬ȻҪԼڣǸ飬Щӣ߰ɡ

û̸ɣƷÿԽ˻һ·飬ƾͼƣ÷¼ͽܡ
Ȼ²ǿ󣬵Ҳɲ
ǸǻͿԼˡ
Źȥ飬ȴǱŲſվˣо޹
޹귽ʮˣС͸ŷˣ˲֪ʦ飬޹֪
ȻѰƷֵ˴󻤷棬޹˼⡣
޹ϸ
Ƶǲ֣ʲôɡ
ʣЩô
޹˵ҽΣͣȻȥɡ
󵨣һŭ޹Ǹ𱬵ĹȻڷǰɶ£˵ǰȴδء
۰޹ŭǲǶùˣҼҸ˵ˣѾ޻󻤷ˣҺ޻ƽƽûźѾǸӣĸ˲ɣ
ϸ޹Ǹ˵Ĺ
ʮ˾ˣûҵùһֱɫùءƹȤ޹һ죬޲׵ݣÿˡ
һŹ֣ʲô˵Ҳ
޹֨֨أô
޹Ｄк¡
ҲǴˣҪͳˣκ⼸겻˶̫ƯˣƢٻһ㣬ΪȢؼסǻᱻϸ첲ȵġ
һżȻĲҡ
ԭ޹Ҹſҵеɥ˱׼ֻҪǸҵģԿһ£ʹĻʮҲɡ
ҽѾʮˣûȢϱ޹ǰʱʹҽҽ˵ûκãõ޹
޹ɥĴͷ
Ҳͳ޹ͷһ¡
(δ)

ʮ ûǮ

޹ܴᣬúõĴһǲġ
˺˵ҽǣʲô
µһûż顣
ƺЦŮżҲǺܺңǿһ£ԣǺȱϱģ޹ҪҲǺܸߡ
ĻڸҪĻҪһЩƽʱҪǱҺү˵ʱҪһЩϣ޹ﲻҪ
Ƽ̽޹ˣҲ̧ͷ˿
һ˲ţ˫Ŀǣ
޹ɣԣû˼ӡ
Ůӣǹٻ˼ҵŮӣЩѾĻŭˣѰˡ
ɫһ죬е㲻Ծ

˵Ȼȥɣûʲôˡ
Ҳ£תˡ
ߺƳ޹ЦЦܵҼү
޹һṬ壬񣺡ү

һؾ񡣡
˵ȲˣҪʲôҪܿڣӸҼסĵطǰҵӣС˵ģǱǲסģǾ̫˵⼸Ӳȥĵطܸá
á޹Ϊ˺Ͱи˵ˡ
Ӧ޹˵ҼҸĲʵҲתҽ˵ǳҩĻڸβȸһЩͻүˡ
ã֪ˡ
תŹ뿪ûߺԶȥ˶˵棬ŹȻСˣ̫档
ϷһķΧںȲ衣
ƽųż˴кæѼϵĺý⿪ŵһߣæźš
ȥ£̫˵ĸɲһˣɱԽŪǺδ㣿
û뵽̫Ҳ֪ˡ
ɱƵģزֻƿҽΣص࣬Ҫǹ߹شѹ顣
໥̫˵ˣսڼʤܣҪʤҲס
ⲻһΣǹû׼ʱ򣬴ʱŸ߹أлͻṦһ񡣡
ԱѾǰ˾ӹȥ¿ͻ֮ԻΪ˵ѾҪϵˡ
̫ü㵨ҼٴʥּϷҪȥǰһҲӷ֮
üеǰ̫˼ȥ౾һҲǲġ
̫ü֮ʣҲΥ֮ģ´ԳȥҪġ
Ǿͷ̫ȥǰˡ

Ʒ˵̫ǲһĺãȻ֮ʲ̫࣬ƽʱϱȻӲܡ
Ȼ˶ͬҲĿϷ糯ȥࡣ
л̫æŵлʱԹ
ǹս±Ҫλʣ׼ȥһ˱߹أֻǾҪλ
ôҪȥ߹أ¿ǵ֮սɳ꣬㣿
ΪִƴʡҪˣ춯Σ
ʡĵŮǲģҪ˵£˭Ҳ˵ˡ
̱ϹϾ˲صǣСаţ
ƿԣˣ
ưԺЦϻЩͷˡ
ڼҼɡ
⻰һ˵ƷˣүǴң
Ҫ㣬һȥɣгŮ˵ģǽЦ

Ƶ޻˵һֲġ
ү׼˭ȥ
İϣ

ƳĬˣžİȷʵǸѡһ԰á
İһϤǹĵεģǾİһɱģǺ鷳
Ҷû˵վһջ뿪
Ƹ˿˿Ź뿪СҲһͬš
صӷ䣬Ű˻ȥ
°ʣİϴ˲ǵ֮ȻڳϳԲѷϾǹĵ̫ӣߴŵıʿƾЩ㲻Ѱ֮ˡ
ľܣǴԣ
̧ˣС֪
һ߱Сģ˵Ҫȥǹⳡ̣ʤж٣
ûʤ㡣ֱԲ䡣
һ£Űȥ˵Ҵ㲻ǿ׳ֻ֮
˰գҲΪ֣˰ղá
ƶҿ飬Ӳõģδ򣿡
(δ)

ʮ Ů

ʣǧӻģ
ǧҲǵָһӱûˣݣҩ£Ǯ͹ȥֻÿյͷǲأ
ʿ̣ÿҪԣûԣǾʹ򲻶Ҳû
ʿǴ̵ʱ䣬ÿÿӣʮÿҪһ
ݲ㣬ǵ£ÿҪ̵࣬ʱ˷ǵĳԴöȣ̵ʱԴöȾҪȥÿճ⣬öÿҪӡ
ӣ
̱˲Ƶ飬аյ֧ţãǾҲ㹻̡
ڰղ̣ˣջ
û֧ţͿǼ̰ǲЦˣ
Ƴ
˵Са취һᾡȴꡣ
˼Ƭ̣ҪӮҪ취ܻƵ½

ƺ͹廥˵ܻ񻹲ɱ
кθ߼
ƵǹĴ󽫾үүǴ󽫾ǼǴ󽫾ǹĹѾܳˣǹľƵ½ҽ̲ãڴ³мͼ󽫾ʮֲ
иܵܣи÷ǹĳŻᱣ󽫾
Ȼǰսģ̾ûõİ裬ǹҴѾս꣬һƲζǲܰɡ
ˣ߸
ǰץвˣ֣Ӧǲס
ϾƵ½ǽΪ˼˶Э
ưģвûãҪǰв᲻Ľʿȥ򣬵ȥȥ
ǵ˼ǣƷˡ
ˣ˵˼ǣץƵ½вܵܺ÷򣡡
ƻȻ򣺡ԭˣ
вƵвƵ½ļ˵ǿԡ
Ц˵
ʲôģ˵ģʱˣȥϢҲˡ뿪ƱСףߣ
°ɣվҪȥ߹ˣǷ޺ú˵˵С˵ʲô
죬ôʲôܣ
ȥƽС屧ߣӣЩϢɡ
ƽ˺ӣŹš
صԺѰȥ˴ϡ
һȥϴԡ˴ȥŹ˵ȻѾָ·ǾͲžİˡ
̧ͷһۣүһȥ
СͳţȻûйÿս·ȥգֻû֪ѡ
Ǿȥɣ׼һЩҩүŷүֻҪãͿƵС
島˳ӣ˯ɣչǸҪˡ
ĸкЦôү֪վͼǣ
ղϼǣͷ˶ѣƵΪǣ
Ƶûô˵ġ
Ӹ鴦
үǸΣ޹ǸļʮˣûҵżңͰˡ
ǰޢʱҲý׵ģϧʱĸһ䲻ܾˡ
֮ԽԽҲ࣬һȥʹˣûýˡ
޹û֣ǰ϶Űû棬϶ϱڼӵģ˼Ҷýףҳ϶ûа꣬϶ϱͽټˡ
϶ϱʮˣһͷġ
ûţˣҲǰʱиſףΪſڽ͵һ۽ϵСϱ޹һ֮°˴зˣڿ޹ֱ¡
Դ֮󣬻Ȣ޹ͻᶪˣӲҿȥˡ
޹ĸϻ˶ܣ
̧һ޹õ飬˿ҲûãȻ޹˼˵ҲϴСˣױ׼ˣڻûóȥүļױùˡ
޹æ˵ˣͿˣҿͲƢҲݣ浱ҪϵλҾúʣȥʣ˵ûˡǣǻûףҲûŮѣʮ˾ˣʮˣǶͲСˣż϶Ҳż
ô޻˵ģǸŮˣⶼۣŮ˿ɲһĻ
޻˵ġ޹°˱˵һææĺͷ˵
ѵ޻ɲͨˣܳΪֶθˣҪѧѧҲҪһЩ˶֪
޹æ˵ᣬҲǴһ㣬Ҷˣܼ֮޸Ϊи󽫾ĵһ޶ϵģҲҪ޸ûġ
ôǳ˳飬ǸŮ˵ãȻ֮ɽĽҪûǸûҪ
(δ)

ʮ ֵ޹

ɲǣô˵ģҲ˵ֶθԴ޻Ͷ¶ˣٵĻʲôõ飬ܸҽѧһֵҽΪֺʼβˣ츣ա
£һ㶼ûǸŮҪֺùˡ
ǹֺ벻Ƶġ
үȥʰ˽˽㿴ɷ񣿡ҪȥԼ׵飬޹˺죡
ԴѾֲˣÿĿ޹˷ܣһ̾Ҫˣⲻ֪˼ҸͲϡ
ȥɣú˵Ҫ֡
֪ˣôᶯأ޹תˣѾǵϴαҽܾĹҽȥˡ
û޹žˡ
ֵҹԼ˶š
˵Ǿ濪һϷ԰ӣʰȥȥʵȥ뵽ҲûϷģ͸ȥ
ưѰߣȥſڵȶ
˵Ϸ԰·ȥҶ
ոմԺȥͿ޹ӾӸǱ߸˳ǰΪȥүģûˡ
ŷ֣޹ڸ
ӲԶһװ׼߹ȥ
ϳװ磬ǵвĵطʱͰȥȾƣױƲ𣬺Ů˲ܺȾƵġ
Ϊ˷㣬װ
ƶ
±˾öˣðҪƶ
ߵǰ׼˵޹޹һƯĹ
ֱۣʲô۾Ưˣ
Ȼ۾⣬ôƯĹû
תһ޹ûúƯǺᣡ
޹ƯȻ⣬ȥȸ밲޹лӿޡ
޹ֿ֣ء
ǡ
ֿ֣޹ûƵģֿɲãôҲһ㣬Ůʲô¶ûⲻǺ鷳ɲ׿ô죿
ижû뵽޹ˡ
޹㵣˵ʲô
ʣǲǺ
ҴС޸ĸʦˣ˸ȡ޹
޹Ҫ޳ˣԽþ⡣
ĵĵǣ˵ˣۿĿ޹ҵģֻ˵˵
޹ȴţһȥˣλӸǣ
ת޹ˣŵòᣬæһ°᲻£ҿǴģҪҪȥأ
ȥϷ԰ӣ·˵ֱˣȥ޹飬ں˹ȥ
޹ܿص⣬鶼ҪϢˣ˻Ϊǹҽˡ
˭鿪ڣѾƿˡ
޹һѷһ
޹ֱܾˣƢ鿴ſڣ
ʲô
޹׺ݶŷ飬鲻ãͬͲͬ⣬¼޲ȥˣ
޹ŭ㣿
үôˣ黹Ҫ˯£ȥɣүϢ
޹ȥҷ飺㣬㰲ʲôģΪʲôȡô֡
޹ˡ
񣺡үǵˣȡġ
ôأӦøȡй޹ŭ𣬰ѾӸ˶ˡ
ҲˣǽģȥۣһŮ޸һڴŵڳܣžǷϾ˶ǿӰˣŴźȥϢˡ
޹ֵֿģ˵ֲãķҪɱˡ
ӲãѩܽˣҪˣܲ
ҽ
ŭ޹Ųˡ
һ𣬰ߵĹҽҲ˹
˼æţΪǷʲôµˣææȥһ֣źһϣŵ˶Ҵ
Ƹո˯ûжãӸǱʲôҪ尴ڻûʲô£عܡ
úõȱѣ˭ҲԸϣСû¡
Ժʲô£ƽųţƤøϣ˵˾䣺Сģ
ȥźӣ
Ȼ޲ſڻԺӣֻжķǱ߻ŵƵġ
ĺ߳ˣȥ
ţûϢԴˣǺܿ𾴵ġ
˵ûУոյĺǴӶģǸŮӺӳ߷ӵ˱ˣĸˡ
ţл棬Ϣɣ
ת뿪ò룬ҲʲôѰˡ
˿̣칫˳Ϊ칫ܺúˣⰲźţ칫ӣֱûʲôֱ
칫ҹﲻǺܶߣոշ֪ǿġ
󣬾̫Ҳ˳˾۵һ飬໥к
(δ)

ٰʮ ҽҪʦ

һ᣺ЪŰɡ
лȥҲ칫Ŷһۣȥӱվſ棬źʣǣ
ʲôûл
˰ϣ޵۾ˡ
˭ޣˣô㡭Ҫ޹ʵʵıˣ޹޵ĸˡ
ôһã㣬һ˶ûУʲôһûҲ˺˵
ңʲôûУûн㰲ʲôģ
޹һ֣ԭȶĲˣͿҪˣҽһһûᷴˡ
ȥ
˼æȥ밲ƣߵԺ˵⣬æȥ
Գ·ȥ˾ӸǱߣŹȥˣһȣ
ûʱṬ壬ԽĻᱣˣһԺȲ
ɨ裬£ҩȴһ룺ȥܸҽ
ǡæȥܸҽóҩƿһ롣
鿴Ǹƿӣˮ棬֣Ů˻
ܶŭҲܺȾƺȲ裬ɡ
һܸҽˣһ
ǹҽ
Ѿƽ˵飬˵ָơ
ҽæǰң
ܸҽˣǵ̣Σⲡǳ²ŻѣֻҪϣҪע⡣
ǣлȡ
ûʲôҺ͸ѣҸҼСʦǣͲˡƿһ۴Ϸ飬ЩŹ֣˵ҺҼүѾˣǲͷҼҼӵʦүд㡣
оľͺǹҵ˱Ҫǿĸ֣ɫ΢΢һЩ
ôô
ǡֻǾã̫ˣҺүıˡƵ͡
Ĳ˵ͼݸˡ
ô鿴Ųһ뵽ľǹҵ˱Ҫˡ
ȻҪɱӵˣҼͽܣ²໥ìô

Ĭˣǣ
޹һ뵽ҪҰ飬żˡ
Ҫǳ˳ˣѰӸɱˣǸнˡ
үҾɱ»Ҫӳ飬ô˵ҲľˣĴ󻤷֮һ󻤷Ҫɱǽɱ˾壬ɱ˻ʦ˵ȥ˻˵Ⱥͬô
ûĿһ޹ΪһˣҪɣ
ƶ࿴һ޹ȻǸӦ
Ƴ޹˵ͷ޹Щ˼ĵ˵ͷ
岻ʣʱ̸£˵¡
ǡ
޹æŴӦҲżҪʲôֻҪ˸ѣ÷żˡ
ȻѾûˣǾ뿪ˡ
ʰҩ佻壺үߣµܸҽ㲻Ƕˣ
忴۰ƣתˡ
Ƕˣ˲Ҫȥ¡
Źˣµܸҽ
ܸҽææƼæ񣬰ƽˡ
鿴Űȥ꣬ŮˣȻҶʩȥͳȥˡ
Źϣܸҽ͹ҽһЩ
ܸҽˣһ߱ϹϾĵţҽѯʣʲôΪҴû
ֻ֪ҺҺܣҩƿͷͷƤѪģоע䡭
ܸҽƽѧϰģ߹ҽ
ÿʱܸҽԺˣѧôĶҡ
ҽ˼ǣҲЩʲô֪֮ЩʲôΪģ
û
ҽͷˡ
ܸҽ룬óҽһ˷ܣָܸҽʣʲô
ܸҽŹҽһۣ۵׵ĳûУǹªţⶼ֪
ܸҽĵ̵ģ⻹ǹҽҽһǲҽ
ⲻǰһ˵٣ͷ࡭
ܸҽΪ֤˵Ļùҽҽ˷ܣæ֮ƽͷļ/ҪʦܸҽŵܸҽæŷŹҽ
¹ҽͽܣҪйҽ˸ͽܣ磿
ҽʲôˣһССĸҽס
ǽɡ
ܸҽĵҵģмҲҵģҪ˲УͰΪʦҪʦ㲻Ϊʦˡ
(δ)

ٰʮһ ô

ҽһ׷ľҽĻзŹĵֶû
ѵãҽȥ顣
˿ʮֲã˵ۡ
һΪ˸ԵĿģҲʲôˡ
ܸҽ㿴ҵ룬ʲôʱܴã鿴ܸҽ
ܸҽæŻش𣺡ˣֻҪҩˮûˣͿ԰ˡ
Ǿ͵Űɡ˵۾ʼϢҲͲ˵ҽʱѾĦȭƣȲҪȥҰƣңŸС
ܸҽȵĲ࣬ʼˣΪùҽܸҽ÷ʵ顣
ҽȥЩһˡ
ܸҽ׼뿪ˣҽæ֣㿴ҩƿҲˣ㲻ңԡ
ܸҽһΣҲ㣬ˡѴʵҩˮһЩй涨ûʱ򣬼ͺƿӣͷ/棬һп壬˻ѪҺᵹʱ˵Ѫ棬˻Σա
Ҳܸ
ܸҽ˵ˣҽһĽæĸ˳ȥ
ѾϰˣļҪǿףҲһɱ
ܸҽԺ棬ȥơ
ҽѾôˣԸܸҽæܸҽȥﰲҩȥҩһҩƿʼ䣬һϵ·£ҽҽ£
Ȼ£ǻͽܣҽҲǸֱֱˡ
ĸ꣬ôһֲǾͲô
ǱͽܣʵϱڹҽߣǱ˼һҽǷˣҽҪʦȻҪͬ⣬ҼСʦպˣⱲҲԡ
Щ޷ʱҼҸû˵ҼҸͬҰʦģҡ
ҽ˵Ź򵹵ϣͷʦˡ
һΣ̧ͷſڵİЦĺܹŹ֣ûһ۰
ҿͷҲþܾ㣬ɣҵͽˣȸܸҽѧϰʦ֣ʦţҰѹظ˵һ䣬ûУ໥ɱ
ʦ̻塣
ҽͷƽָָ棺Щ㣬㲻æʱȥܸҽѧϰæʱæģˣѧҽ
£𿴸ΪĮˣƽﶼǣֻشʱŻ֡
ҽѹûкγµԭ򣬸ûΪʲôֵɽҩ
ɱǲҪʹԣ⣬Ϊʲô
Ǹ岻ãҲӰɡ
ǳȫѧϰҽˡ
Ϊ鱯£ҵģҲǿпޡ
յ£Ҳǹùˡ
ѣ¾ͺáʾҽȥҪȥԷҪܸҽȥˡ
뿪ȥţȥ˼ӡ
С棬ҲϲСģȻ⺢ĮһЩԸŹһЩ
ưһ飬ǰС屧˹ȥ
£ϴ档
ȥ
Ʋùһȥ߹أ֪û£ûȥ°ɣûˣˣôЩģ

һŮǵ־ûˡ
·;գҪѼ£֮ҲҪڣþǡ
Ů£˵꣬͸ƽ˹ȥҲߵģߣҾߣǵŮȻҪüƽڣҲġ
꣺ôһҲǵﶼȥҪڼţ㵹Ǻãû֮ǰã˻ŵܡ
ƺЦʲôᱣǼġ
һ취ûУһˣһ˵ô㵱ʲôˣǧ
ưҲСˣĻͲҪȥˣҲǹǣ㲻ȥǣ۳Ͷٲ˵ĸȥҲŲ
ģŮһ취ûС
ƽʣӣ㵱Ҫȥ
ҪǱ߹شҲˣİϴ˴үǹڣթϹȥү
˵ô·һֱȻǺԺ۶ˣ˵ĺúõģã˯һͱأ
ĪǰѱĻˣ
Ͱ˵ţƿŶ룬һ㵣ǽˣ
үתȥûһ۰ơ
ȻˣĻҪ͵͵ĸȥ취ûС
ţߣСӱȥƴߣֻ⼸ô죿
ü续Ϸ
(δ)

ٰʮ ſ

Ϊܸһ𣬰˲ɣ󶼱ȥ
˵ǲİơ
Ȼͬ⣬ǾͲҪȥˡ˵Ŀڸû˵ͨƲ뿪ǵķ䡣
Ű££ϵ·һˡ
ȻϣȥǾڼտһСĺˡ
ڹʱŮ˳ױ뿪ˣ˵ҪԶС
ˣץסƵַ֣ŵ˫ס䣬ȥԺǱߡ
ƳŹϿȥĵǳһĸ֡
Ҳ֪ǶΪҺãһ̲סҪүȥϰ˸ŹһӣҪǷֿ϶һ˯ˡ
뵽˵үһ˯ô
һĵĻڹĶɲǸжô򵥡
һߣ֪ϱ̫òο⼸׼׼ɾ͸űȥɡ
ס˵ƤӶĥˣǶͬ⣬ôһ¾ͬˣ
Ҳô࣬ŰƾߣȻȥѽýˡ
һ/࣬Ʊ۵İӹĻң
ţһ˲˯ŰɡǺƵġ
ƺЦֲ͵ˣүôʲô
ǲ͵ˣǵҪ͵㡣
һ§סƵ§棺ˣôô񣿡
ƵƤһЦǲǺô˵ƣҲķǣ
ǵҪ˯
ֱֵۣߣҲס
ΰƿˡ
ֳȥˣ޹ûָҲԸȥԺңûѯ顣
ȥˣ˵ȥʲôϷ԰ˡ֪ҲֻЩ
޹ŴһϷ԰ӣƱȥ˼Ϸ԰ӵ˵ˣƱҲûλˣȻȥ
޹ţ˰Ÿ
˵Ц̸۽쿴Ϸ޹ԽԽԾôǸŮأ
޹һᶬҲˣߵ޹һ£㣿
޹ûᶬȿ㣬ûгף
ûгףһһˣҪʲôɲףˣ
޹ɲˣ˵㵹ǻشңһĶû˼
ˣŭ
޹һ㶣ŷӦתˡ
˯ãôõģʯͷõġ
ǳ˯ˣ·Żûƿ˺үͶ
ҲˣҲƿųȥˣһʯͷӭ˹ƱһѱסʯͷӲ䵽ĺϡ
Ժƻͨż˷ѷϱʯͷӵ޹ΧһȦ
޹²żˣǸɱ֣ҪǺ´ܣǻʲôɱ֣
㵨ԺΣŭ˹˵ãôһʯͷϷǾȻ֪
޹һʯͷӵϣ̶ֺ޹ҲûԹۣһִ
ƿ忴һۣʯͷû˴򻵣ֻô
û£æѯʣ忴һ۰סƵֳȥ
˵棬̧ͷһ棬֣޹ʲô˭ˣ
ô֪Ѱߣһ߻Űһ߹۲޹
ż˴򲻹޹޹¾͸ż˴ˤһ°ƣȥ
ƺ̧ͷ壺Сĵ㣡
šһԾ˷޹ֱܲӹȥ飬ʤ޹һŴӷ
ƺˣ޹ˤϥعˣŰ˹ȥƺˣһʯӵȥ޹ˤһӡ
Ʋֱӣοأ
֪򲻹Ҫǿ
䵽Ƶߣ޹޹ȣŭ㲻˵ûгôΪʲô˵Ѿˣ
Ʋˣ޹󶯸ɸ꣬Ϊʦġ
ʣ˭˵Ѿˣ
޹ڡ
Ŷһ飬壺үȽȥ
š
忴һ޹ȻҰģ˵Ů˲£Ǿûˡ
屾ſֵ飬˷档
ƿһԺ棬ѾӵˣƻǾöˣôһȺˣ򲻹һ޹˵ȥô
ƵȻȥҰȣ
˵갲ƿ޹ҪǸҳˣͰԴš
ת棬δ꼰㣬ϸɾ˯ȥţӣ۾Űʰ
(δ)

ٰʮ ޹ý

սžͱſˣۿŻһ˴ſڹȥˡ
Žȥ׷ѰԺ
·ϰϴǲʲô£ҹſڵţ˵ˣ۵ŤˣžǿɵһĿ
ȥ˾֪ˡǰߣӺţܿ쵽Ժ
ߵ棺ˡ
ƷԸȥɣôˣ
ͽ忪˿ڣҲҲ
ŰͷŹϣһ£תһſڣŹϰ֣תȥ
ƴһ°ɫѣڴϿŰţ˯ˡ
ү˯ˣˣѵүˡ
÷ϻʰʲôʱˣʲôʱȢϱˣ
һ£ſ滹վһˡ
޹Ҳڣ׹״ˡ
˵˵˵ġ
ɫѿ˵ôᣡ
һ޹Ƿ͸ˡ
޹ôˣѵ״ģʡ
ŭ㻹ˣ
˵Ҳҡ
㻹ң޹㿴ŰɣôðǰԴšǰ˫ȴϡ
ãˡ޹æŰ֣˼Ŀһ۰ɲܰѰŪˡ
ɫѿоԣ㿴Ҹʲô
޹ҲǸ˿ĹûгףҲûŮѣԸԸҳף
޹ż£ȥˡ
Ҳ۾ң
ʵ߳ŭһң˵ô˲֪ܣ
ͳ˳飬ȻģԺֳ︡壬ԭԹ׵飬ǸʱҲͺñǹ壬޹ñԭһȽᣬһ
ôҸ
޹Ϊԭֵ
Ů֮Ի᲻ңΪˣ
ԭǿʵҪС˽̵Ҳ;
ƷᣬȵĲͷˣǡÿ
ȤĿŰ޹ԴϬ޹˵һĲֵ
޹죬۾Ҳ졣
ƶȥˡ
޹㲻Ҫ˵ˣûպҰɫһǿٱģ㿴Σ
ƿ˿޹һ߹ȥֱײɳȥŰͳȥˣ˴ӵϴ˸һѪ
Ժһǧɽɾ˲ˡ
޹ſڳɫ䣺ߣܾҵ³´μǵԶ㡣
˵޹תȥҰƣߵƵǰһ˲Цݣ˵ĺżҿǳس
û뵽޹ֱˬ
ʲôҪأýеġ
޹˵ֻҪ檣ұ֤ܺúõĶͲҪ̫󣬶ʮҾͺãףʲô̫ľͿԣǳҲҪġ
Ѱ˼ţ˰и˺ء
˵УҹȥʲС
ô޹һˣǸõطûа
ɫȻеģҾ͹ȥһˣȻȥϢɡ
޹̫ģ׷ʵ֪ļҵĹӣ
Ʋ޹ȵż˵ң֪û˵
޹һ֣û˵ҲǴˡ
˵иӣ޸֮Сڴˤǹеһ书ˣǹϲֱĹҹĹﶼսŮڹλҲĸߡ
ǴŮӵĵλԲôߵģһ
޹ЩѹòһǸзϣǺãպҪˣƢһ
޹ⱻ˷İ˿Ųãɫ԰ףںҽΡ
߻ˣҪ޸֮ģǻ
ƵȻҿǸ˵ģҪңվ͸ȥһˣ㣬һ˵˵޻£ﲻ˼ҵĹﶼȥˣϣǹϷ˿ϣһֱûء
һϣ޹֣𣿡
ǰɣʵǵҲ࣬һҪܣһҪҪȥ
޹һЦҿ϶û⡣
Ϸ˿ǻܵģǹӿòҲ󣬲Ŷʮꡣ
Ŷ޹泩
Ƽ˵дһֺ֣ĲɷǷ
Ŷ޹Բ书Ǹʿ
ЩҽñƼҾľʦ
Ŷ޹ӲɳðǸ˲أ
(δ)

ٰʮ 

ҲϲĲɵŮӣ˵պҪģ¿Ķӣ¿ڱ߹󽫾ģ޹ȥҲòȥҲãлҪ˵ףҪȥˣø˵ʵ˭ǲϲ˵ѵˣҪȥˣպҪŴȥ̵ģϾǾʦҪҲû취
ã̫ƻˣ
޹ӣ˵ҴӦվȥɡ
Ƶͷױ˵ϲ֬صġ
֪ˣմһ㡣޹˵˸߲ҵˣΪҪԼ޳ȥ޹ѾȲˡ
Űûߣ޹һ۰ûһۣǸôʲô˲ġ
һȣҰ
ƿ۱ƻţȥӸǱϢɲԸڷŹ壬Ҳû취ˡ
ƷԸȥһţȥ˾Ӹ
Ƹսţ͵ˣ˼һš
ȥ棬ƽæȥź򣬰ư˰֣סһعǣȥЪš
ƽ£ƿ۹壬±Ϣȥˡ
۾û壬ˡ
Ҳڣ˲֪糯ȥˡ
ƽŰƳţƽƽ˼䣬ƽ֣칫Ҳһ͵ƽߣȥ緹Ϳ޹ſڵţһ£žͺ͸˲Ĵ磬ϸѯʲ֪޹ûʲôС㴩·Ҳϲ´磬ǰ참Ĳ졣
ƾҲûʲôڳʵܱЩĻ֦չҪá
һ·ƴ޹ȥ˻Ϊ滻ˣ˸ˡ
棬ԺﻹһЩˣǴŮ׵ģЩĹĻ֦չЩÿɰȣЩͻݣס
ȺУ޹˵ЩǣҴҲֻߣԸҲֳһ˼ҿϣ˵ȥҲ
ġ޹Ҫ޸ҪˣҪԸ⣬ϾᵶĨӡ
ݰҲʱպûةĸŮ
ƶҲˣƵ⡣
ةฮҪƶҸ˼Ҽˡ
Ƽةˣͷةˡ
ةû뵽Ҳ
ةվƶĺǳˮܽһׯţվһվš
ϷһλĹӣһ磬ˮɫӣһȣ
ƶ֪ģݲϲ
¾˵ǻʺҲչġ
ֻӲͷƤţĹҲˣûһġ
Ƶĵվݼ
˫ֱӣŰ
æ˵ӶˣҲԭģϣûдš
롣밲ƣƹȥŹϷ˴˸к¡
վһԿŵ޹Ե֣ͬʱҲ޵ˣѵһŮӣִģɾ䣬ЩϢǴһѽġ
໥䣬޹ﲻסĺЦҪ˵׵Ǹ
Ϸһ£˼
ƽͣλҼĿˣݲ˵ǸùҴմֵģ֪ǲǴˣ
ƾ浹ùԽľãʲôʲô
ƶôˣ
ƶĿԽ׺ݣŰƺݺݵĿš
Ƽװɡ
Цҡ
ǾͳɣҺϲ
ƶһס֣޹
ݺЦȻأ
޹󵨵Ҳײ֪ɲԣмױʮˣֻ޸ĸʦҵģұ͸ˣ˴һȡ޹
ԭ룬ҵֲãǸ޽ģԻһֱ飬Ҹڣ˵ʵֻ˵˵׷ʣ˵ʦѰҼ޹Żȡ޹
ʦ˳ɾǾ㳳֣ŷ㣬Ҳûʲôãģˮ۵ģˡ
㻹ܻ˸ˣ޹ʼûôϣʱҽӶ˵ˣ˳ǿϣϣͳɣ򲻵á
ģÿΣ˵Ҳ
ȻϲĹҪһЩȻ˱㲻ˣʹ彣ǻṦ򣿡
޹˵ǵȻ
һˣˣ彣
޹ݣṦ򣿡
ЦҹǴӢҵĵطôԲ᣿
޹ƣƶװû
ȴ鵽ƶĸŮǱ顣
ܿݵıʣâէ֣ݶϡ
޹һͣӽӭȥ˴棬޹Զ֮ϣȻ磬Ļ˺ܶࡣ
ûãݾͰһԾ˼ɽ޹׷ȥݹվȣ޹ŵôʧɫòϲҪˤ˿Ǻã
Ľ޹ȥһݣ˳ƽȥ޹һ䵽ϣѩ裬ӣ
(δ)

ٰʮ ޹ĳ

ƿ޹ݱסϷˣϲϷˣϲԵ
Ҳʲô·ǺҪԸͳˡ
ﵹǸùֻЩޡڹϷ˵ĶС˵
Ϸ˵ǣǸǻǻ㲻ҪҲӦǻԹء
ݣٻô˵ġ
˻ȥƶĸŮѾ
ƶǺ޼ˣƼֱǸɱ
ة˻סһЩˣȸˡ
ûʵĻة˵
ةߡ
Ϸ˹͵ƶĸŮҲ½뿪ˣҲϣ˭Һةฮˣһ˵Ҷƽˡ
ֵƶƽˣƶһĸףһ㶼ô
ة˴ʱ鷳꣺˵ɡ

ƶŤһֱ˵
ͽɡة˾Ψһİ취ˣֻҪŮܹڻǰ˵Ļ
ƶԭûʲô뷨ģة˵ĻȻ˼
ձôҲȰǿ
ƶæסĸ׵֣ĸףô
ة˺ȻڣУѾˣôܽܹǲõģˡ
ƶջȥһߣʼԹްơ
һжΪơ

ƺ˲軹û޹Щģȥſڿ
պÿ޹ݻ˵ЦƱ֪ҲǺöԸˣ޹ƭתء
ݱ
ƵȻʵ޹Ļ»Ҫģ޹Ļ
˵ˣ׼ȥףղײգδҹζ࣬Ժȥлظæת档
û뵽˵ĳ٣Ҳ˵ʲô޹Ȼ
ʱ֪ĻҪˡ
ȱȱһͿҪ޹ļױ
ƻص޹ææܻȥҷ飬Ϊ˱ֳ飬ȥӡ
޹˵˷ܣӴʼϢ˳
үҼǵ˵ҳ޵ʱ򣬸ļױɼǵã
ĺĺһ
޹⣺һʮӣļׯҳׯһǮׯ
һ£š
һ鱦
šͷۣ
үڸңȥһݾˣܲûС
ʲôүûһɲˡ
ޡ޹޼޵ĳ̶Ѿ񹲷ߵĵز㶼ɲñ˵֣һ޹
һ޹˵үһᣬүЩãףү߱չˣүҲȥ˹ί
ί˺ܺã˵ȹסԼСԺӣӶˣʲôعܣԺҪȥȥȥͲȥ˸ӣĶҵġ
ͣôôͷԵŮˣ
˵˵ȥ޹Ҫߣ˵䵭ӣ԰˰֣ȫͬˣʾ޹ȥ
޹뿪ſߵǰү
ˣҲȥɡ
˿ʱ˵ӣʵǲģʣүҪҪȥҽҹû˵ǸܸҽȥԺסˣԺҲҽǲ׵ˡ
˺޹Ⱥţ͸ŹҽҽǷʦ磬ԳʦһǺȥȴûдڹʲôҪû¾ȥдҽҽ˵˳Ե̬ȡ
޹Ϊ˿ѧҲɷ˼ŪһվȻ֪˭ң
żڱڮһ¹ҽ
鿴һˣȥɣǳŮӦúǮɡ
סү㡭
ûʲôˣҲ߲ˣ׬ӣʱҲӵĺʱ޹飬ѲүĿڴӸô
ȻүǵӲôôӵ飬ο޹ҪżңҲү޵ģô˵ң
ôҲ޹ʦ֣ѲɻһëΣպȥ߶޹ǽЦ
˿һ飬ʲôɣպ߶޹Ըʵʺ߶
˰Ͳ޹ҸżҼ޳ȥǴӴİ·ڻҪȻ˭ûӹ
󻤷޹˿־壬һ˵޹Ĺﶼҿ͹ҽҽȫǶЩﲻҲˣٷ磬/Σһ㶼ǹϲĶƫƫ˴޹һȣҪǼҵĹ޹һŹǸ
ģûк޹һȣ֪Ǹҥµˣˣ
ԶĹ뷿棬޹Ȼ˸硣
ӣһγ£
(δ)

ٰʮ һǧҪ

޹żǣм˸ףĻϲȴø˲ա
Щ׵һϲһͶͷɥˣ˵ϧˡ
޹һ֪ԭ˱˵Ƣãһ˫Ų˵к
޹ûкϹҥ
޹ʱ𣬾ͿʼӺˣֻҪ˸ף޹͵͵ɢҥԣ˵һȣС£ҪĺȢϱϾ˱һ꣬һһʡ
˭֪һҥԼҲȥˣ룬޹׷Ī
ҡҡͷ޹̾ҲĴ˭˵˵кˣе̿ˡɻҵġ
Ʊȥӵ˼֣üȾһĨΡ
Ų̲ס߶ҲǴһëÿθ˿ϲ߶䣬һǻⲡ˵Ľų̶ȣˡ
˲ţҲΪ¶˼ôԹԵʣǼ飬ָһ롣
ǲ˵Ʊ߶
һ취ĹȥأŻ
ܳƵı۾ǳªǸӣһ쵽ੲݵ˵
ʱʼͬ鹬壬ȢôŮˣѾĥˣԲÿҡβΪľǶ徻徻
һᣬˣһƣʣʿʲôôɫƣ
Щ֪ν˿ûƲ˵޹ҪżңүҪҳЩӣ޹ޣҸүô꣬û׬ȡһǮҪҳӣҲ֪ȥ
ЦЩʿʱ˼ǵӻݵһ㶼һ
ʲô˵ʲô˼
ȻˣǲһЩأƹ顣
˿飺үҳһЩ
ۣŮᣡ
үʱҲûӣүӽȥˡȷʵкܶӣҲܶ࣬ǰЩȷʵӶȥˡ
˶ŷ鿴ү
úǷϻ˵޹ҪޣүҲڳӵ£ҪȻүΪʲôҪɱ飿

˻Ȼɱ˵Ĳ½˲٣ǼҲзݵģѵȱˣ
үķ½ܹжٶӣˮһ㣬ôᡭ
ٷϻү˵ûоûˣЩӣҲ֪ܲպαص
ˣٴҲԺһǮѵӢۺ
δʣȱҪ޹ױ
鵹û˵
ôһŮҲûеڶӦ޹ûĵʦ޹޵ʱһҪ׼һʷļױҲ֪˭©˷޹֪ˣӴԺ޹ÿԼһӣ޹׬ȡģҲԽԽ࣬ൽһʣȻٶ
˵ȱӵģĪ˵ٶǧҲֻһգ۶ѡ
ڲǰ˸ɵϲ飬һпȫ˳ȥŪҲûӣ޹Ҫ޵£ҲôǷȥ
ҪȱӵĻǿԽһЩҲ֪Ǿ㹻

鿴Ʋϵ˵һУ̲סЦ
ҪǲĻǿԴŪһЩǡ
԰ϲʵǺܺ档
ƽһһǽϢӡ
ܽţЩԥ
˵ҿȥʶӶֻ࣬ǲ֪ʲôѺ֮
ûСʲôѺִܵѺ¡
Ǿû취ˣΪ˶ɣûеѺӣҲ׵óӽ衣
Ǿȥأü
˿ΪҲǲУĸˣݴţǽɱָɱһ߽м˵ĻΪһױȥӣվ档
ۣͷʣ֮⣬ҪûеѺӽ費Ҳû취ӣ
û취ӣӷҪȥӣҪƾ
ֻӵԷ˵һЩ
鼫ӡ
Ҳһ˵ÿмǧˣ⻹ٵģʱһͷҪǧÿɱ˼ˣɱһͼ󳵵ӣϵɱ֯Ҳֻһң˵ȴһҶҲΪûɱ˵ˣͷ۸񰺹ɱһͷҲҪʮӡ
ʮƿ飺ҵͷǮ
ۼ㣬ͷһǧһţӦ߰ǰǵı׼۸㣬
ĻӦһǧɡ
Ŀĵɴ۾԰һô˵ҵԴôֵǮأҪ˵ܳǮ˿ǲࡣ
ĶǸȷʵ࣬һǧóӦҲ
ƽտȻǲУĳЩ׹ݻǿԵġ
˼˵ˣ
(δ)

ٰʮ ϻ

Ͻ鲻˵οûͷժûա
ô˵ҲͲҶˡ
ƳƬ̣ɱ֯ЩأʵΪɱ֯ɱ˶أΪɱ֯˹ⲻ˵һЩɱ˵飬Ӫضѡ
ʲô˵ǳɱˣӲˣ
磿
ΪҪʦ顣
ļ棬СʦͰӸʦչˣһѧǸʦѧǸ书ؼѧʦǰ衣
Ҳ裬Ƚȼü֮˵
˵ҺүţտҪǷ԰æһԺһСҿֻҪÿóӵϢԼõӰѱ𻹸ǲĻͰѺȥ
崣Ǹ⡣
ģѺ͵Ѻ
˵Ļԡ˻˵ҲЦŮȻǴӰ
ȻˣԺȥ
ɡ˸˼ܾǰĳŮ˲ο
Ҳд⣬δİȥһ˶
֣ôûˣ
пԣ˼˵˶˱ͶɣҲ˹ȥ
ӸʱϲˣҪס£ҿҾס£үȻȻȥסգٻȥ
˾ɨһ۾Ӹ󣺡ʲôãǸԺӣҪϲȥһһģһıǡ
˿۶ǿɵһĿ
ôһģһĺԺҲû֣һϲүαҪִ֣
ӹĺ̹λһ㷴ӦûУܳܺȵģڶҲʱš
ˣȻǸϲˡ
ʱڶĵλڽʸߣҪǲ£˶ల¡
Ҳ붯̥ⶼܿҲ֮գ˱㶼ᡣ
еѳˣǶԭɡ
ҲȻ׹ڶΪʲôôˣ˳ţȻ첻µز¡
ҲǾˣǰ裬ҲǶŶ
˭ֻǿջһġ
ִֻ֣˶õģס˵֣ѾԸֱͣӡ
ſˣ˵һȥ
ȥ˺Ͷ͵ôˣ
߶֣ˣ
ҡͷҿ
һֱڶţ֪Ҫ޹׵飬֪޹˭
鶬ЩЦиù￴ˣϾܾˣùƢˡ
ʵҲ˭ģ˼һңףȴô˼ң˼һҲ࣬ҪңҲһţһɢӡ
Ц㣿
ͷңô
УʹЦȥһЩǵĿ
һ㣬õҩ㣬ܺõĿ㣡
ţ
һ۶ǰ棬ʹš
ſ˿кȥˣ۲һ£ʣ£
λĸ飬
ܣȥ
Ϊ˽ӣٸЩӣͶ˵˵
ˣˣ˻ǵһη֣ô档
˿̶˵֣ȻĿƽĮɱͷӣȻûһ˿һľ£෴ܴݲȡ
˶ЩοҪκִẦµġ
ãл˵˵ʮͷԶ㣬ҲѶ
ΪȻŵȻǳЦǾˡ
Ҳǳ֮һϻǿǿʾˡ
ҪǮûôӣæûдϣĻ޹׼޵ȥӣ¿ĵݽѾ޹棬ʮ޹޹Ҳ⣬һӾͻͷףʱæûӣǰŵ޹Ҫ޹ӣԴһӣÿ»ḶһϢԼӰѱȫΣ
ȶ˵ʲô˱˷ܣ˵޹Ҫ޵ȥ
ǵġ
ЦЦף̫ˣ
˵ͷǿǺأ
(δ)

ٰʮ ֵ

۰ƣΪѵҲǲܽ裬ǮׯǮϢͣڵǧÿһӵϢĻÿվǧӵϢһĻʮӣһĻһٰʮӡ
ۺҪǷӵĻ껹ľٰʮӣɲСĿΪ˸׼ױޣȷʵЩ˷ˣ
үô˵ͲˣȻûǮҳ׵ʱҲһʵġ˲
Ȼ˵ǵ޵ģֻǿһˣ˵ǡ
ƿ飺أ
Ӳ⣬Ҳֻ⼸£ȷʵûӣ±ӳˣȥȡӣ־дˣ
ںӣ
˵ȥȡֽī⣡
ȥ棬ܿѱīֽ͵ǰдһݽݣѴдϡ
дˣҲдϣĵȥӣƲŰͳȥ
Ŷ۰ʣȥŪ
ϽȥүʱӦڹﻹûȻһٰʮӲ࣬ǶҲ٣ֻҪŷ鲻ӻңӵһǧˡ
üΪǸ鲻ֵһͿӡ
Ҳãͽ
ĿͶ뿪תҪȥݾˡ
Ƽ˲ˣȻƸҲмˣȷʵԣ룬ﶼЩʲô
׼䰲κִǽţ׵κִޣݡ
޹ʱѾ׼׵˵׵ˣæŹȥӭ
һ˽ţš
κִޱ񣬿˼֣׵
ݺ޹˶Ը⣬Ҳû˵Ƹ飬޹ոյ֪֮أûʲôӣնǿٺ»ҪóôƸܡ
˵ҲϲӣЩɣŮЩ١
ĸζ󻹾ϸҪ
׼˵أõĳƸ񲻶࣬Ҳܿ޹ûг⡣
ЩǸĳ׼ģЦɣ
δ˸Ĺ£ν˵
ӣ鱦һ䣬һ䣬һ䣬ֻһ䣬լ
޹˿һѱȻǲģ뵽㾡ף⡣
ҲΪǮż˵ġ
޹˵үЩƸҺϲ
Ǿ°ɡ
ǲЩ޹Ըͺá
޹ЦЦҵļױأ
ױӣҪ㣬ʱˣ鱦Ѿ׼ˣȹڳͳˡ
ƺκִ޲һ׬ˡ
޹⣺ǺãӵҾͼˡ
鿴ȥһ
š
κִĹ£ЦǺǵ˵ӲżȶˣտҪȥ߹أϷҪǰѻȰˡ
޹˼Ŀݣ˻㺣ˣżҪ¡
Ű޹ˣÿķ
Ҳ͵ͷͬˡ
ȥҹ壬˹Ȼĵ¡
ȥϵ밲⣬ϵۿ壺ʲôˣ
˵İѷ˵һ飬ϵ۷ֶࣺʿҪ̤Ҵǲɣʲô£ʰ
ϣа취һס顣
ôô˵ҪӹӸãҪóϢ
ȻԹҲ࣬ҪĻ༸Ҳ¹ˡ
ȱӵʱδɡ
룬ӽ˹Ȼڹ˵ȥпܣ͵ǷٰʮǴˣֻǰӻ˸óתһȦ
ϵ鼫ãûֻǷϾǽˣĸȻǵ֮ǵģ
ǸˣԶֹЩнɽɽΪʲôòӣܻҪ롣
һҪҴԳкôģлϡ
һã޹˹ϱҲΣ飬ֻҪߴ缴ɡ
ϱԴΪأһ㳼ܴƱõ
ţԣȷǲɱôӻỹ
ȻֻҪ޹ܼ޽пܣ
ֵû˵ĵڴɹʶΪ˳ӯ⣬һнпܡ
ʥּصǴӣȫ̧ڡ
ƹݣ޹ּʥּ˹¡
ˣʵگԻݵ²ż汸ºպս񣬴ͻ޹Ϊٽ޹һƷھۡһһǧ
΢΢ߣʵǸߣ
(δ)

ٰʮ ·ɱҧ

ļҪѷեô
ûг̫࣬˼һϲˣլӣھģݾȥˣǼӣҪһ̫ˡ
Ȼ˵߻ϣ޹һǧɡ
²ʥּȥ˵ˣȻȥˡ
ûˣ޹æŵлѾ˵ʲôˡ
ҹ˰̧һǧӣư飬תԺ
ű屧תȥǳǱߡ
˹ԡ˵ȻˣʵҲǿյģֻܵˡ
Ǿİô

үĪأ
ɣҪ£ͨ/ʱȴ㣬ļǳأֱʳǣǾİϲӣʱҪʮ˰գף
ţ
ã˱Ϣ
պ޹򵥵ļ޽˹
ǳʱڣȲٰ죬޹ҲǸˬˣ۹Ի°ĺܼ򵥣ߵӣ˳ȥ
Ӻ˲٣޹Ҳһ˹ȥдһҲܵ˹µ׷
ϲϹŷ鲻뿪Ҫڹס£鲻ϲŰƵ˻
ܾǿˣѺúһ˹ôļױ˹֪κִϱǹˣϱǹˣ޹޵˹
˵ǮܿǹģҪϢ͵ȥˣͷ͵ȥˣָһǧӣ
춼ղ䡣
ǱѾʼ׼ˣҪȥ߹أҲҪȥİϽ˰пѺǽ鱣ƽһŵ¡
ھǣǽ̫Լ˸ȫ
ǽӹʡҪݴӡա
һӡôϲ£پ˵ƹʡ
òϣʱմմϲΪԸپ⣬ÿæڹٳ֮£֮¡
ɫԽѿ壬úõĹٲܣҪƹʡ
˿Ǻ£Ĵӡ֪ĻΪ̰ٵˡ
ⲻֻ֪Ǻѡ
Ц˶ϲӡ
ϲǲϲû棬ү׼վҪǳˡ
û£˵ȥˡ
ʣôˣ
үǳҪиǳӣȻƹӡͲܶӰɣǾãǶʱ򣬵ɲôġ
ĽٳԶԱɱܡ
ŴӡѣϲľǵǳҲϲң顣

û뵽˵ֻŶЩͬ顣
ȷʵ飬Ҳô˵ġ
飬Ҳû鵽ֵز˵ģǸɱ˳רŲġ
Ȱ˼䣬Ű·˹ȥ
ƺ͹һ׼׵뿪˾ǣһˣҲ»޹߹ء
»ͳŴ̵ģڴټڰĸȴǵһΣⶼǹˡ
ͺҪ»ϱȥ̣ǶģպڸҲԵÿʲôµʱܾݰһء
޹»飬ԴӼ˹ȥóɻǺõ飬ԭȷԸ񣬾ȻƽСϱģ
Ҳ㣬ߵκεطҪϱ°˶Ƶġ
ǰ޹˸棬о
պ
ƴ·һˣ͵ˡ
Ŀ棬ˮ㶢ŰƸɾȣתȥ
ôˣ£ڹĻ
ǲá
ǸŲͳô
컳УʱǱ뿪ʱرҶԱжݣþҵٳ¡
ھǸպǸӣ׵ʱ֣˱ֶӣڣĽɽҲҪġ
ȥ֪ûսûмվ޺õġ
ĸ²ǻ¡
Ѿֻһ·ᰲźһе㣬Ҿľ㲻¶±ˣ¡һҪϵѪ
ү֮ˣҶƭˣ
ƣǱĸ֣һҪˡȻǲãҲûİ취
һڹ壺
š
˷ֿƴϣһЩҹֻ̣صǣҹڹſڵȺƣ׼ȥٵ¹·С
Ӧġ
һãȻô£
(δ)

پʮ ĵ

Ʊĵڣҹֱģϵ۸òҪף
СӰѰƴȥˣڿյĵ˰ʱнŲ洫̧ͷƹȻϵۣһ䣬ɱǧģܱܲҡ
ﲻˣȴǹ¸ϵۿͷ
бԴӰƳԹϵ۵Ŀʼƾˡ
ϵߵƵǰŰɣż˰ɣ
Ŀᣬһ鶫ƵģͲˣϵĸԾˣȫôȥԸҪȥ
Խ밲ƾԽүƽĻ
棬֪ˣȴڻʹҪǵϵһưˣ޶֤ʱ¶޴ԩ
ң
Ƽæ˵
ϵۿŰԵĵͷ˵̧ͷɡ
̧ͷյ£üĿ续ϵ۳Ƭ̣תȥ氲õ£ɣ壬ǳĺܣҲˣƢСѾˤ޼ˣɣ
Ӧˣϵ壬ϵЩĲɣż䰲ƸദƲ²ϵǺξģоʲôľˡ
ǰҲû˵û
ɣƢǺܺãһ㵹ҲûʲôĲ˳۶Щ
ϵۺЦȻ߸ϣСޣ޳κ˷Ҳǳ£Űɡ
ǡ
ƼװƵӣϵûɵ鲻
ҲˣһҪ糯ˣ޿ӣЪŰɡ
ǡ
ϵ۰ָƣɨ迴˿ȷ£Ʋ
ϵָָĵ棺ɣСЪһˣĵƽڴ˴ţСӳջշš
û뵽ϵΪ˴¡
˵ϵѾȥһߵˣƵ˹ҲҶԣˡ
ϵ糯ˣҲˡ
취ȥߣ͸ҲУû뵽ȥĵĵŶסˡ
ƻȥֻüϢ
ϵ糯ȥľ޳ţŵĵ¡
ҲԹţϵ£Ʊ㿴ҽ顣
ƺϵ޻˵Ǳġ
ϵʱʣεսкο
ûʲôǺܵģ
ôʲô
ɱˣˣ
ߣϵһߣˡ
ԴӼ棬
Դ˲˵뵽һȥҪľ޵ĹǺϵ˵õģϵ۰Ȼϵ۲ԡ
Ǹ֪Ͳˡ
Ҫ֪ĭҲܰ
ϵҪȥ˯ľǱ룬ϵ뿪ƲҪߡ
֪ĵͨͨƫģʱҪȥǱӦóȥǲ͵һѻȰĵ˵
ĵ̫๬ŮһȺ˻˻ƳҾˡ
ĵΰѾϤһ·ܿ쵽˳﹬պúææĳƱŵòᡣ
ƴ˸ƣҪţһסƵתͽ˳﹬
̫󿴵Ҳһ뾩ᾹȻˣ
̫ҲǸɵӣϸƷƷ֪ôˡ
һ·Ҳ鷳
Ƹ̫˸ӣ͸źȥһҽ·Լһ
̫ǲ⣬ܳ
ȥ̫һ˵˽⣬ϵ۴ߵû˵˵Ǳ˴͵ĵǱߣͷĵڣӳŵһѻ
̫Ŀȥ飬˭ôĵӣ׵˻ҪңҺ˳Ǳ˷ֻ˵ã
ǡ
æ뿪ȥ飬ʵ˭鲻ʲôȻĸ֮
Ҫ֪һҲ˵ңֿ̫ɾ鷳ˡ
ææȥͨϵۣϵŵĲŷ£뵽Ƶİο˸á
˭ŻģϵҪ顣
˵ǰƷŻ𣬻ǵ㵽ֹˡ
ʱΪ滺񾭣Ѿ˯ˡ
ص﹬˯ţȥ̫
û鵽ǱҲڲ顣
ȱˣñϲʲôЩ»Խ֪Խá
ǣӦ£̫תơ
లżˣҲܣѾͷϲ£ǱߣҽȥչţʲôҲ٣
ǣ
(δ)

پʮһ Ծĵط

һ˯ѣ˵̫ʺôƤô飬˹ȥ˰ʼ˵ΪʲôƤ顣
̫ԹôãҲ˼ʮˣǰ
ǰûƵʱͽᣬˣ²
ͷˡ
æʣĸͷˣ
̫̾ϢˣͷͰˣв׵ĵ
Щᣬ֪̫ϣû뵽̫ˡ
ĸҿ̫˰֣ʾ⺣ȥȥԲ̫ķ٣Ȼһźڷ濴һЩ׷Ҷոġ
ϸһ£Ƶ̫ǰĸϲǺѰ飬ÿ϶ᷢ˵ջ˥ҲǺܳģͺĻܿĶã󶼻ή
ĸǵıˣ˵ĸͳͬôȥ
̫ҲȷʵҪ˥ܡ
ú屾屾֪̫׵ġ
Ƽĸ˯߲ãڲ£Ǹ಻á
Ŷ̫Щ֣Ǳǲˣ
š
Ƹ̫˿ɨȻһЩ
壬̫Ǻġ
ûʲô£ĸǲ˯߲ãΣ
һЩ
ĸѪ㣬ŮԺ׳ֵģһ˵ʮŮԾӶ࣬õŮʮҲУҹᣬĸŸոտʼϵͻû¡
ô
ϿһŷӣĸֻҪ˵ģͿԷϻͯĹЧ
ô̫˿һǺڡ
˵ĸ󣬲ҸĸƤ
ҲãҲ£ҲЪŰɡ
á
ȥϢ̫˻᷽ӣȥ׼ˣ͵ϵĵ
ϻûϵ˳﹬
̫󿴵ӲûжˣȻϵĵˣ
ǡϵ£̫壬̫ģϵ۵ֵ˿Ȥ
ϵ۴һᣬûƱˡ
СæŸϣϣûƼ
ˣڼٵ¹
ϵ۰ڼٵ¹Ҳ˿
ŹΪ̫׼
̫ǺܾûôˣԡʱЩ˯ˡ
̫ȥ£һ۰ƣɣڱЪš
ĸһĸ˯
̫ͷƿ˯ˣȥѬ㣬ûж̫˯ˣƻ·˺뿪
ӳ﹬ȥ˽幬ưй۲һ½幬飬㿴ߣû뵽յ˽幬ͱ幬ϳˡ
ƻֵʱŵүѾźˣ幬ǵˡ
ưŷӦ󻹸ŲŽ幬ȥ˿ݼϴҽѣ幬û˷֣˾ȻҲû˷֡
ȻѾ󸹱㣬ȴֵĺܽݵ˵ġ
󲿷ֵʱ䣬ſƾƺֻˡ
ʱΪֵá
빬ھ˵һĲ·
̫Ϊ˲мŮ빬ϵ۵ã෴̫ϲЩ顣
ڣʽ
һû˰æڹҲܴ
ϵȻγ˾Уȴû⡣
˵ϵ۶ԻʺĻǶľ޻һ飬Ǿȴʲô
һŮˣ޿ڴʹðĩʵݡ
ͺȴݡ
ݻҪ
Ƹ˳ȥ£ƱȻ̫
뵽ӣЩ֣ǰʺ;ĺӶûô⡣
οʺǱһֱûֻлʺҲ֪嵣ĵǻʺ
Ϣգһֱڳ﹬ţֱϵ۳ԡ
˵ϵҪƾò̫ԾʱϾ͸ڹģʲô
ϵζľ޸ˣԶԶľȺдС̫ģ˳ȥ
ʣƳ;Щ졣
˵ȻУ˵Ƴˣʱϵģڣ⼸˵æųе飬ƺѳе齻Ϊ˶
ƵЩңܾ⣬
(δ)

پʮ а

ԵˣƲŸź뿪飬Ҳ֪ôˡ
ʺƲ֪˵Щʲô˻ʺ֪ϵͳ϶쵽ʲôҪһʾʾû취֪
ҲҪԼŬһҳ
˵û˵ʲôʺͲ󹬵飬ƹܺ󹬵ٵȻСȴܰѺ󹬴ľ˹Ŀ࿴
ľԭǲŮԭھҲֿȵŮӣֻһҪ޸ˡ
ƶȻǾǵһŮ˭֪ľǲмǸ
Ҫľޡ
ƿ򺣹˵ʱ򲻹ܲˣߣݶˣľҽеģ
Цˣʲô˭е˭еģٵƽ˻Ͻ޶ģ̫ҲôеģܽУ˵㲻ٵ˵ġ
Ҫٵ֪Ѿˡ
̫Ƥӵ£Ҳܲ
˵ףڴʹ棬Ҫ治ףҪŮ˸ףĹܵʲô
Ƶͷĵࡣ
ȥһ˻ʺǱߣʺоƸŽȥ˵̫ùƳ˵˼䣬ʹˡ
ƸȥǱҲһ
ƿȻŻȥ﹬Ǳߣ̫ڳ񣬰ƽ̫ȥ£ž˯ˡ
μϵһͬԣһֻӣһɱˣһЦ͵˵ϣƫƫƿֻ۾ԲӾˡ
ôǣƽôãôԼجξˣ
̫ȤԽ
ĸ˭ӵģҲ֪ôῪôʣи仰ʵģڵϵͳʵġ
Ʊһ亹Ķʪˡ
ѵӵˣ
̫룺ϣ˻ûбˡ
̫˵ЦϿɲһֻСӡ
ƺȻã
̫ȥһһէģҪѱô
æ˵ĸ󣬴ӻϳʼҲ֪ôˣոμͻһԣ˶һֻãһɱˡ
ֵӶŶӣвʣˡ
˵
̫ɫ䣬˵õĶƤһɫƤëһ£ܴۡ
˾һ亹̫󣬵ǻϣ
ϵ־ΧΧǲ˽ȥңϣ˵ǱּܲҪٻȾؼ
æȥæŷ̫̫ûкܽţֻڰһʮ𼱵顣
ĸ󡭡һġ
̫Ŀ䣬ʮ㣺ڻϣһʣϳʱǡһԲµգΪ»ϣҲ˵ġ
ҽ˵Ѿ̥ˣʱ¹գԿϵһһֻӡ
˵Ĺһֻãʮֿɰ
̥УȻʷԸ˫վºʮ
˭֪ƺڳʱӲˣʣһˡ
ϣҲˣ
ꡣ
ֵǣ꣬տ꣬ʱ򣬷գǶҲȻƽ
ʣô˵˴ĻϣҲΪȻţǻϴ˸󣿡
ûʵЩЩ£õţ˵ǶƤһɫĶһźɫ룬ôС
ƵһĸҲȥΧ
СЩȻμ˵ϻΪ׻ء̫һƣʺ֡
ȵ۸׼ģѾ겻ˣ˱ݣȥɣǻ
뿪˻ʹȥʼΧ
;мѸٸŰ뿪ƻͷһ˵ҵȷػš
Ƶͷ뿪
ʼΧרŸʼõģÿ괺һΣһǶʱ䣬Ϊﶼڷڱܿ
ҪԲڴӼΡ
Ҳ·ϲ֪ЩûмζԵģֻǽ겻֪ΪʲôѪȻҪȥԡ
Ҳ˲ô࣬Χʱ򶽺ѾΧΧΧ
СţʱҲֽ
Ͻȥһֱû
СЩ֣ǣ
Ʋ˺ϵƤ˶Ҳֻ֣˵̫ˣأ
СֻǾðƵЩ죬Ѿǲˡ
Żŵ˵Ѿȥʱˣһֱû
ҪȥǼҡ
ƺûаѶββˣһҵϵۺľޡ
(δ)

پʮ 

ƽΧΧ̫󣬵ǵ·Ǻߣ֮ǰҰѵģΧȦĵطΪûʼҵ ׾ٵץҲΪ˲ڵ·УΧߵģͨ˵Ҳ¡
ѶǴʱǶ죬ﵽѩ˼ӴѶȡ
ƽȥһʱ˷׷ͣ£ӦǾΧ
ƹ۲һ£ΧĽӡһϵۣƶȣΧ棬ֻ˲Χԡ
ƿ˿ΧˣҲû㣬϶ǳˣǷͷȥңҵ˷źţһ¸ȥҡ
ƷԸȳΪķҹȥ
ʱϵѾܵУҪľޣ˱һȺ˵УľѾˣΪϵ۵һƣشѪ߲ˡ
ϵ۷ľޣڷͣ£Ԩ
ϣҿ첻ˣ㲻Ҫң뿪ǲܰôġ
ľ޸оѾУҪϵ뿪
ϵҡͷ޴ô㲻ܣһҪȥУҪ˵
ϵ۱סľޣ˲ǵѪһְľްڻһסȾѪĳ
ϵ۳Ųľ޵ģҲľ޴һѽǣϵ۾ͻ
Χжʮˣ˭û뵽ϵ书˸ǿڴһ˵ˣо綾£Ȼɱʮˣջڣû¡
˶ҵģ˵սپһϣɱ˹ϡ
ľһҪɱ˹ϣ̵ס˹ϣϣߣ
޲ߡϿһ۲ԶȻҪ㣡
ľޣתԨ׷˹ȥҪҪʬ
ʮڿն𣬳ɽ׷˹ȥ
Ѿ׹ɽ£ѾˣƴԶһľޣ
ڴʱʮˣʮˣѰΧסˡ
ó׼ӦУʮ
ۿžҪ򲻹ˣԶһЩѻϷ˲ʮ˳ԸĨŻ˸Űһͬˡ
ѻ䵽ƵļϣŰƿȥһһѻƬ̣üĿ棬Ҫȣ
ѻ¸½лˣүˣ
¸£ѻ棬ѻȺ󣬽洫˲ҽеƳǱܹȥҲ˲ҪȥҪǹüƾһȥˡ
ʱ򣬰벻ô࣬ȴܲϵ۵ǵľ޵
վסͿˣģȥˣ˸ϹӲû˷Ӧ
ٵﰲƵǰһסƵ֣ԸȥһҪҵϣ㣡
̳ȥÿ˶ڽϰľӣɽ³ȥͺǻѩһ𾪲ѣû뵽廹
ܿ칬һЩҲ˸ƻ͹˵ʲôͿ˰һӵ˴棬ס֮󽻸˹壬ӰϣһֱֻסƣȥŵðһѱסҲ֡
ͷŻˣһ֪ˣ
ֱս岻ҷɡ
Ҫ£ϵ۵ҪѰȥһٲɡ
˵棬ƱſƻиӵֻɿΧ˿ѻѾʼĴѻվһ棬Χˡ
ûˡ
ƿƣŻ뿪Χһۡ
治̫һΧǱѩǵĲľǺһûŹʲôĵطһƬѩĽӡûС
֣ôôࣿ
ԭģûʲôֵġŰƽ⿪ӣĵطȥȥϵۡ
֮ѯʣү
ţСʱͶһԣСĵģǻϾǡ
ˣ𿴵ϵ۱ľתʱ򣬼Ǻԥģԭԭġ
ǲˣǻĿܸ󣡡ƣȥѰҡ
ҲڵѰңûҵ
ƺܵľ޵˹ٳǰߣܸоõľ޾ڸ
һᣬѩѪֻѻҲһطɹȥ
ƿиڣΧѪѻֱӷ˽ȥƽ˽ȥ
ľޣȥڰƺһ
ľ۾עŰЦһ£㡭ô
ϵ۽ľޣҲЩ𾪣û뵽ʱ
(δ)

پʮ 

ƹ˲밲óӸ󣬰͵ľ޵ϸѪľ޿ŰƣҪˣѪȥ巢ֵı仯
סľ޵ľָ
ľޣȵ㣡
ۿˣϵۿ
ľѾʼָˣϵ۵ĻҲʼ
ϡ߽ȼ٣ˡ
ϵҡͷҺļʱҪ޶¡
忴ƣľѾû£ѰƵһӸưס
Ʋûúϵȼϵۣסϵ۵飬ϵжˡ
ҩϵۡ
ϵ۳ҩ裬о岻ڽӲͬʱҲЩˣľ޺ܿ˯ȥ
屧뿪ľ޿Լû£ϵͬʱ͸һӵվϵ۸˳ȥ
ľްϵ۽ˣտţŰƵط뿪ɽ¡
ҲǴʱ֪һ뿪·
һЩǰ棬һЩں棬ƸŹм䣬ϵۺľޡ
ϵۻûѹ̧뿪ΧΧ
үΪʲô·ȫǺ档
ŰƵְŪǰ߻ΧʱǸʴűģǸӢı㣬ñڰɡ
λûϻʵۣΪӿ˵ɷѿġ
Χ涼׼һ֮·ɼϻʵ۶ȼ֮
װΪ˶Ӳİ
оղԣߵŮһֱ˭һ
һѰƵ֣ƺǺһ£Ƕ˶ûӦ
üƣƴʣүôˣ㲻ȥ˱߹ô
ȥֻˡ
ΪʲôƾͲˣһһĵʲô
ߵʱӵܱҪϣûȥ߹ء
үôòų֣ʲôԭܲǿֲģ
ʲô֣Ҫ죬Ȼȥ߹أȻܲţ˽ȥ죬Ҫȷһʧ
Ƿˣûʲôôŵġ
֣ΪӪ
ƾһ䣺ү۲ۣ
룺ʱۣƵˣƫƫûƵЩҪƵˣñͷֱۣʳѰ
޷Ź뿪ɽ·ܿ쵽Χ棬Χ˽ӦȰϵͻع˽ŴŰƴӹ
˶ЩˣҪϢϢ
ϵҲѾˣȳ
ϻȥʲôҪϵۣȴ˵ˣðһ¾һٵˣʺƳ
ƿʣү˵Ҳȥˣɲԣ
ԣĸļȥɡ
ҪȥĻһ档
ƹ̾˿˵ǲôôٵ£ٵأ
һƳβô
Ŀһ˵үǰʱΪý飬ƶʱҲڣһۿ޹ʵЩΣƶȻҹ̨ģǵ治֪Ҫ֪
˽ⰲƣĻ׳ˣʲô᲻֪
һҪȥƶʵ˵ˬƶ
屧һ·ȥصŪ˶ˣԷǰһ˵Ҫȥ˼ģһ˵ӴҲŶһ㲻ԾǼƻûб仯졣
ϢһϰƸŹ˷ͷ£ȥ̫밲˳ӻϡ
ýûٽ費ѡ
ƴûҪĶΪС
ʵҲôƵˣֻԴطͱӵ鼸߶ţҲðһ뷨
ڴķ½طҪŲɻȱҪɫ
ҪȨƣҪӣβˣһҴҽԺ
ȥĵϵۣͰ˶ĿһҪؾ
Ҳ˸磬һϳ³͸ŵĵĿľҪĴӡ壬³ֵɽҩ˦
ʱϵŶ˳ۣŶ
˶Ҫ٣ǺãһһشĹְεҪǹٲѾ˻ʼ棬ΪȻµ̶ֳȣڣľ˵ԵԼСӺùޣҪǸʲô
޷ǣȴܵҡ
ջһ׷ˣ޿ǶԲˣ
ϵ߳ŭˤ˸ŵöͨһ͹ˡ
ţһۣ۵һĨ°佻֯ССȥ·𿴼۵׵ļҲнȻ֣
(δ)

پʮ ϻƨ

ҲϽְλϵȻĻ㻹ޣ
ƣϣȻǡ
޲ô㻹أǴްϳȥһٴôϵˣҪúζ˵ãͲ֪ϣϻèˣ
ĳƣȴұֳңҪǾʹɣʲôٶңѾ鲼ȵʱ򣬼û˰գҲó㹻ϿڳӴ󲿷ֶ˹棬óң
ӵƨûˣ㶼ҸҪʲôңˣ޻ûеطҪȥأ޻Ҫңء
ϵƢ˵ʱ˭ס
վſڸˡ
һϵһӣƨ޸ţ̫밲Χ ̫ǹв̣ٶ빬밲鼸ա
ϵ۴˻һ̲ҽˣ̧ͷϵۣϣǸ͢ģ
ϵ۾öԴˣŶۣĸǡ
˭󣿡бҪˣ
ϵ۲ͷ˵أǳ󣿡
ˣϣԸܲ⣬ĸܾ֮£ȳĵ£ȥĸճĸ밲ûʲôȻظ⼸һֱ·ûȥ߶߶Ҫ
˵ϵ˸صʣô˵վͻϳˣ
ΪߣҲѧԲˡ
ǣ
ϵѵú⣬˾Ҫ㣬ˡ
ϵǲôߵģ֮ϵ۲졣
һүһսɳŮôҲ㲻ϰ䡣
ߵ죬ϵҲҡ
ˣϵǰѶסˡ
ͺԭһƥøʲôʲô֪ſˣˣ˰ƣͺñĸ㣬绢磬ҪҲˡ
Ǽ棬һôأ
ϵ۴̣Ͷ鲻
ɡϵ˵꿴ƵĿһ۹壬£Ĵ
嵭Ȼμϡ
޸ӣֵܣȻҪֵġ
Ҳ֣ڹСϵ۵ǰǺߵ
Сعأִ֪磬ôϲôĪ˵ûˣУҲû̫Ĺء
ϵۿȥ𣬶ˣҪúΪް¡
شĿ죬һۡ
ϵʣϢˣ
ػϣϢˡ
Ǳ߹ˣôôͻˣϵҲһϣľ޻ڴţ֪Ϊġ
ӵܱҪ˺ϣ۷ˣ߹Ѿźãźܿнݱ
֣ʱ򲻸ûǸЩ˻ˡϵӸ̨̨ףһߵͶǰ
ڣԷȥҲСĴڹǹһսͷ󻼡
޶겻սˣǵõһδǳȥʱǻǺӣ޵
ˣȥˣܣųȥʱ򣬳ȥ
ȻѾսⳡ̲ܰܣ
崹˴ӣԭһ£һڳһƽ£̶ѡ
ϵ۱һɤ
˼ǣⳡ̲䡣
ӮǱҳ£ûд꣬˭Ҳ˵ӮԽ˵Խˣϵ۲ͷȥˡ
ֵһֱ˵սµ飬ȥȻ񣬵Դӱ߹ս½ţ׼սڳＯӺݣѾ׼Ĳˣ׼͹ȥ
˵ȸı߹ؽʿ͹ȥѾˡ
ϵ֪壬˵ҪȻ·
ĸк棬ʮݣȫ͵߹ȥ״ݹȥ
ʣŪӣȥݣ
ûӣݡ
裿ˡ
ͷûݡ
ݴҪҹ
ϵۻѯʹ壬ȷ͵ı߹ȥ
ôˆ£Ѳɱû˵廹ͷˣһƣŲ˵ˣſ嵽ʱ
Ҳһ˼ʼﱸڶӡ
ôϵ۹˱߹صɢˣҲû˵д̵飬һֱϵۣϵ۲űһл˵㿴ˣһῴˣ鷳
ϻƨҲˣ㻹
(δ)

پʮ 

ϵ۰˰֣û¾˰ɡ
ϵ۰̵һַȥˣ忴һתȥϵۣ˫ˡ
ϵ۵Ȼȥɡ
忴תߡ
ҲæŸˣŹĵ
ȥ﹬Ұƣæ˹ȥ
˵ΧˣΪû᣿˶֪飬ȴǲϵ۵İο
ҲǴʼֵֻܴ޶ġ
һƶޱȡ
ȻԼԼҪڿҲûá
һ£ʲôתȥ̫밲
̫⼸˷ϲ¾ˬԴӵ֪˻пʼͿʼÿ޸ָӳ
ԭһֱţҪΪˢˢİţ̫ʹͷ
ûǸģ˭˳ˡ
ͲƽƽϣȻ档
뵽Ը˺ӿ϶Ըġ
˻̫ȥ밲̫һֻж㲻ǺܸˣŪŪϵĿѣȥ˰ַһ̾ϢĸǵãµĶһΣôһأ
ĸնӻ˶Ǹĸ˵µġҲ֪Դ˻У߾һֱš
̫üӣʲô£
ʲô£
ոնӴӻǱϷ˶һ
̫ĵŶػһ㶣Ż˵ʲô
Ϸ˶Ҳʮͷٵʱ򣬼ӿƳȣʵԲС
һƵӣֵĺڣ̫Цˣôô˵ڵȨˣ
šܳƣҪˣһ̯ӶɲԸ⡣
Ǻ£ôһƣѲٲ֪Īĸ̫˽ģӣܻˣ
Ҳĸϲϲ⣬ϸ㡣
ޣ̫ĵһ۶ǵͣҲоϸ㣿㾫ϸ㲻ύ˶ڿȥ̣˲ȥô
ˣǳҪ˧ģĪ½˶һæ⣬һ߹Ŷ£һ߻Ҫտӣһټӣﻹʱȥ̣
ڳаֵΪ͢Ϊϰ£Ϊ٣Ͳȥˡ
һ޳ɣ˶Ȼ˵ϣɵġ
Ǹu˵ʣ˶޸ȥ˶ɻųȥ
ȻǸı泼ҲǸϵˣأ
أӻֱ̫ӻ˶˰߸
˱һܿβסϲǺɣ
һأһ֮֮ϣǶ֮֮ϡ
ҲҰôǵ˽ǽģҲˣ㹧мӣǹڻһֱš
ֵ˵˻ȥ
в׵ĵ
ΪִԲ˻⣺е鱾ǲȥҲȷʵвɱԭ򡣡
ʲôԭ򣿡Щ֣һүȥΪ£ЧһϣܸԼһѵĽڲ볯Ϊ٣ɣҪ֪ʲôɡ
鲼¶ҪΪҪȥĳеЩ飬ǱҪˣοҲûôľԭ˷ɧȥòĳõ飬뿴ЩǹĶǡ
ЩڴĿ⣬Ȼıע⡣
ûӺɷ򣬵ȻҪΪı£ڴôѲɶԼȥģ˵ûôľ
ǣʱ鲻ϲ볯Ϊ٣⼸ÿ˶ϳ飬￪ʼų
Ī⣬ҼȥΪϣΪ¡
ΪүܴڳΪ٣Щ츣յ顣
˵ͷͷǵĽҪһ˫ðͺˡ
ŲԼ˵ûеģӣҪûУǿԽ㡣
עˣͲôˡ
һ֣ôˣ
۾Բ
ºЦ̫ϵˡ
Ҳգ˿š
꣬סӱˡ
Ŵû뵽ûҪסΨˣѾܷ롣
뵽ţʳѰ
ӲܱͣǰѾʧȥһϲʧȥˡ
˲ãôǰ¹ߣǴ⣬οǴôڣαȻˡ
ȥ٣ҸպҲȥս⣬Ҳ㹤Ǯȥǣ㲻ģ˴ңǮ㲻ұǡ
ľͰѲ¸ˡ
ȻǸˣ˸д㣬³ˣ
(δ)

پʮ 

̫˵̫ûСЩƣ˵ûӦ󱦱빬̫סһ̫ŸһЩ
ˣһ˵ҪҲûжԥ°ƻȥӺӡ
ҲûţҲˣ̫˵˵˳̫͸©һºСദķʽ
С̫ԴˣвԾ͸ɫ
һᣬòĸ̫̫ĵ/̣һ㣬̫󱦱ǰ˵ǣֻҪСͳɡ
С尮š
źӺܿ쵽˻ʹʱͳȥˣŰƣ֡
ӳС˰ƣƱŶף屧һһһһͬȥ˹
̫󿴵̸ˣմӰǱߵõʾȰİһĸ󱦱һ飬Ҳһ顣
С屧˹ȥ̫С岻ˣڳ﹬ȥתơ
ǿˣ̫ƫƫĲһ㣬󱦱ҲǱһ£䣬СµˣŲ֣¼󱦱ߵľԶһЩ
һҲرϲС壬ĸ󱦱Ҳܿɰǲ֪ΪʲôСҪڣǾͱˡ
ƻ۵ģż̫滨ľ档
󱦱ҲˣֻҪڣ˶Ҫ
ĸС屧ߣǲлһ
СڵӣǶǺĺӡ
һ߿ڽסµܿ촫˻ʹľ˵ưѺӴˣãæŸ﹬ϵҲĵ˹ǻ̫̲סҪ󱦱Цĺӣ϶ϲġ
ܿ쳯﹬ҹ˴Ҷ˯ӡ
㣬㿴Цأÿÿ̫ס֣ܾúͶһء
̫һۣ˵̫ĸȻЦˡ
ɲô㣬ãӳ˶أ̫ˣ˵
̫󻹱Сأ˿˵ô
̫ǾãĶӣô˶ǻ̫ˡ
̫ƫƫܾôˣ̫˵㣬öຢӶ壬ùõģҿ㿴۾üëͶСʱһ
̫ۣԼûͰҵ˵ģ
ˣôء
ľҲһȥġ
ľλΪĶǰƵĹ֮ͣ䲻ö˵Ȼͬõġ
֮ǰǶûľбÿһ֧Լ๤ƵĽ滹ǵźţϴ϶ſ
ľ޸ÿ󱦱ԴϣС֡
ľޱϴĽҾϴܺɰ㿴۾ģ貵أƣĽ㣬ҪҲһôıͺˣ˶ˣʣˣҲ֪ҵĶǲҪܸӾˡ
ľޱĵһ仰̫ȴˡ
̫ľޣѾͷǺͨ͸ֻϧǵ֮ء
̫̫Ц˵㣬ٵǸͨ͸ˡ
̫ľޣСʢĵǺ¡
ϵ۱϶ţǺƽ
ʺǸŮǸŮҽѾˡ
ľӣûԭ
˵̫꣬òװ˶ˣҲĲС
󱦱ߣ̫㣬Ҫһͺˡ
˼ȥ̫ȥС屧
һ£ӿɲúˣһأ
㻹ȥأ̫ͷˡ
ðź岻ҪķգȥҰˡ
ߵ⹧ͨһûȥƱСˡ
һ£ǳ﹬ƫȻԶҲˣ֪Ҫɣ
ū밲ۼ⣬˳
ʱЩ꣬С岻˯ƺﲻոСѻ˵СҪȥĸǱߡ
⺢Щ֣ҹȥĸǱʲôοСһֱԸ뿪ơ
ô˻Ϣʲôô廳ﻹһֻСϻû취˭СϻСˣߵﶼҪţøţȻûڡ
СϻҲܿ죬û죬ǿ׳˲١
ʱǷｻܵģոհס˽棬ֻðСϻ˽
Сϻϻһ˫Ӿ;ú£
æŻش𣺡̫˯ţҪӹȥš
Ͱ໥һۣʵҲ֣û˵ʲôҪչ˺ӣһһȫ˾û˿ˡ
ƱС壬СϻߣүչСˡ
Сϻһŵúֱð亹æź˼Сϻ£Сϻ໸˵ĸŰˣƵȹڵ϶Сϻһ߸űһǰȥ
ǰѺŻˣ
(δ)

پʮ ҹɱ

̫޹ϸһ̫壬̫˵˯ţƸƣ̫ʶȤˣˣͲܴװͿ
̫ʲôЩܾʲôҪˡ
̫ûʲô£Ʋſ˿һߵС壬СϻѾ˴齣ǲ뿪С粽ġ
̫ҲСϻСϻµĲУΪСϻһͶ£̫ȴСϻɰżȥ
˵ϻȻ˵ģǻСҲԣСϻǶ̫˳̫ʱܹɵſţ㲻ĵطûС
С壬ҪԣС壬ݱ̫뿪
̫öûдˣСļϣúõչţСľ˯ˣ̫ϾʹˣҲû˵ʲôľϢˡ
ʷ£С̫࣬ŮȥһϢ
ϾʹˣҲס
ҹС۾˭ҲûиӰһ˽Ůȵ£С̫ࡣ
һѶذƿʳ̫˹ȥ׼֣ʲô˺һ裬˫һʹоԣʲô۾̵ȥ۾Ǹ
ҵ۾
Ǹˣһھ̫̫Ȼ۾һ߿ȥ
ŵƹ⿴һ̫·ˣں۾Сѻ䵽һߵĵ̨棬·ڿ֣һ˫ӶźеˣǻѪ
̫ȥС壬˸оʲô̫˹ȥ̫󾪣ݣ
ʱСϻһȥһצӴ˵ϣ˶һ£Щ¡
Сϻ˹ȥʼ˺ҧܿúõһѪģ
æһˣˣˣݣݣ
̫󱻺ȥסҪȥС壬̫Ҳ˲ˣƿ˺æȥС壬ԷӵĿˣ˹ȥˣҲҪҸġ
ڴʱСӱ˳ѪˣȻһΡ
̫ͷŵ߽ΣС尡

̫־ʱ˲֪ôſСϣذӵҲˡ
̫ȹȥһѳ˶ԷСѾﻹѪ
̫æŰС屧ŭӵʾڣ
æȰ̫󣬿ʹãҪǴȥˣͲˡ
̫ŭɶȥ
Σ׼ȥС̫̫ȥˡ
С񣬾ͺڰ̫
СǲǾûĸôˣ
̫ѯʣСˣһ˫СѪܵģСӿ̫Ļ̫ۻˡ
⺢Ӿ
Ҫ⺢£ǲϵģˣĺƽ
̫Сȥ˼ˣѵϵ˶ˣ°ףҲɾ
һҲˣ̫СѪܵģ۵ıȥϴϴ
С˯ˣ˻˸ɾĴ̡
СѻСϻԱڴ¶أ̫ǺСһϢ
һҹûô˯ãƽʱҲǺСһϢĸһͬţСȴϢȴС
ƾʹź˳﹬ﱻˣæųȥƺ͹˵飬Ҳһ⣬СҪСѻڣ﹬Ȼδ֪
ƿ۹壺ү
֪ȥɡѻĺӽתȥ
תº͵˲䣬֮æŹ¡
ƻͷһۣǴüëˡ
ƻص﹬һֱڵȣ̫ʱ򣬹Ѿʼʹˣ˵ǳ﹬ҹдˣ·ͬСɡ
ʲô£ոã幬ˣ棬дӡ
ѾòˣҪȻҲᰲûȥӣ̫밲
ʱֻúð̥
Ůʲôϣĸƽ
úõģôأ
ӽ幬ȥ˳﹬˹š
Ž̫̫ӣҪȥ
ϱμĸ󡣡΢΢˸ӡ
̫ȻʲôȥŰɡ

񡣡
뿪߲ˣߵǰ
ʼնȾ̫ˡ
һװûʲôװһӲˣ
ȥ£һֱŰƵļ󱦱ǺϲȴֵĲȥ
ǰ˵ǻСȳ˾ܸˡ
£ҲĽ˼䣬ľҲˡ
(δ)

پʮ ͷѪ

ľ˵дӲżææģ˵⻹ľ޽;ټ棬ÿμľ޶ܾޡ
ƽʱҲû档
ľ޽ȥ̫ȥ밲׼ȥƵļ󱦱
ʹȻǰչظľľޱϾǻʹƷײľ޵ĸߣһء
ľתʱһ£˼ĶˣǾĻټġ
ľžƱȽһƣóһۣǲµġ
ľ޵òǲ簲ƵģǰǲУͰƲۣȺȥˡ
ܲľޣôҲ˵ҿʲôأ
ľҲʶʧ񣬳ž˵ˣϾ
û뵽ľһˡ
ػҪġ˵ͷȥվţľ¡
ľ޲ϲŮת˿󱦱û²ŷˣҲûʲôȥˡ
ʱ洫Ϣ̿͵üĿˡ
̫ȥüĿˣ
С̫ǰ˵С̫æŹ£̫ڷǹѵһҹ£ʺѾĽˣʺķöˣ
̫ɺƽǾŵñס˶ӡ
ľ޿ȥһ۰ƣȻҲû˵ʲô¶֣ôǻʺ
ĸ꣬ǳ˳ˣŰ᲻ʺȴֲģҪûʺ̹
ʺлϵĺӣֵ̫˭ܡ
ӣɫ԰ס
̫ʣ֪ô
֪ˡ
š
̫ҲķʺҪô
ĵ
˵̣ϾͽʥϢȴд̫󣬵Ļ̫İοȥ̫밲Ҳ˳˹ȥ
ֵĵࡣ
ϵҪˣܲˡ
ǻʺ޵Ļʺ󣬼ҪûʺҲãʱֵˣ
ϵŭŵСֱ£Ҳڽˣ֪ǻʺģͲˡ
嵭Ȼʻϻᴦûʺôʺε£϶ˣ񾹵ȥдĸˣѲɵĸްˣã
һҹ£ݺʺ󣿡
ϣǲߴȥʻʺ󡣡
壬ǷҪ޹ȥ
ϣĸȥҹдĸʱСҲڣһʬҪ緢֣ĸްˣ
Ů̫࣬ϻΪǶϱô
ϳ谮ʺ޿ɺǣκ˲ø棬ԸܻϺ󹬵飬ҲϣϺˣ˲顣
ϵ˹ȥû㣬һ²ң뵲ҲУͷƣѪˡ
ϵһ£վæƿӿ첽ܵġ
޿ҽҽ
վδϵ۴ҲأѪӶͷֹסˡ
ҽˣŻˡ
ϣѻʺ˰ɣ
ӹ£ϵסŵϵĹ壺

ϵת뿴塣
Źˣһշްնô˵ϺͷϺ󣬺οԣһ·ôܾǻʺ󡣡
忴ȥϹ˫۾Ȼ˵ˡ
Σ㻹ȥ
ϣʺ󳼲ˣĸ£һľǻʺ󡣡˵תߡ
СŵãҶˡ
Ƣ󣬱Ȼϻ¡
뽲͸ͻʺгƵģҪûʺء
ϵû뵽ߣתŭȥ׷
ҪǱ̫󿴵˵ãʺд̫Ϊ̫ͷΪʺͷӣִ̫ô
СӼææ׷˳ȥʲôȽţߵľǿ졣
С׷ȥʱ﹬ˡ
ͷѪӭȥ˵Ǽ٣Ѫƾۣŵ޴룬׷˰ô£ȫʧȥյľ侲
ץסƵ֣Ϊ˰˾ŵŮ˹˰ڻ
ƺȻ㵽ôˣǲҪң
Ѫ纮һ·Ŀ죬ѪҲ˲١
ڸǱˡ
Ű˿ſľĿһᣬת˹ȥ
̫ŭô£
ҲشƿһЩȥ̫ǰһ󱦱󱦱һѪŵãѹƲƲ죬Źˡ
Ƕˣˣ⼸춼ʼˡ
ˣſڹļϿޣſҪƵģת̫󣬿޵ίס
̫ۣҪȴˡ
ţͿһ˱ӣѺȫһڵľˡ
(δ)

 ŭ

Ҳ֪ôŵģƼæСϻء
һСѵһ
ﰲҪȵѪã岻ϣû¾Ͱ
ȻϣǸȥһȴۡ
˿Բƽϣۣܲ˭Ůˡ
˭ۣ
ֲִ壬ֻġ
򵥴ͷϵ˿ڡ
۲ۣƿŹѪĪۡ
סƵֱڻ￿ţԭڿޣֲˡ
屧ŰưϵİָƻͷѾ˯ˡ
үҪôΪ˻ʺΪ飬Ϊ̫ΪТʵûʲôֱ𣬻ϼмҲΪѣϱϵԹһѹȥĿֻڹѪһЩ
㲻ܣҲӶ
οҹǸ˲Ѿôƫ˵ǻʺ󣬾ǿˡ
ֱսкӣˣˣȻ֮ʲȥܣô֪Ҳˣ
û˵벻ͨҲûˡ
ƽӵϢſڵȣżȥһһʣʲôʱˣô
ʱˣˣƽҲż˵дСӣҲ֪Сôˡ
ŭѣҿͲҪٽˣǸطͲʺȥ
ƽûлش𣬵ƽ뷨ͰһģֵطҪ˵Ҫȥˡ
ſڣ˹ȥӳƿȥ
Ʊһ󱦱ƽæ˹ȥˡ
Ҳڣ칫ҲڣһһŴ󱦱ǻ˾ӸǱߵԺӡ
ѪͷҲǣҶźӣû˹ϵƷŹȥĸΡ
һ˰Ѵ󱦱ǱӸ棬ƽ׼ˮԡͰ󱦱ϴϴðҶݣȾ˲ɾĶ
󱦱ɸɾĻ·ůţСϻϴ˸裬СѻҲȥҲҪϴ
СϻȽԼˮţΪѵĸСϻϴ˸裬˲ֻ֣а⣬СϻҲȷʵڰǰ
ڰ˵һֻСϻǴϻҲһȭܴ
Сϻϴ굽ĺ棬Լ
Сϻˣƽתš
ƺ͹ȥǳ棬ڸһϴһߴ˿ڡ
ſڴȥæүڴ˿ڡ
˵һȥ
˵갲ƿŽţæŸ˽ȥʱǳصŹţһӣд
࣬ҪƽʱǺģϾŮŮϴ裬һý
첻ͬ鲻á
Ҳˣ˭ˣڹϣҪ˿ڴã·ȥ
رǰҲһָоҲǺܺõʱ
ƾܿ˿ڴãԸ廻·
崹ЪЪҲá
ƺûŹӢȴΪʧѪȥүҪ
պˡһ䣬ôľˡ
˵깬ʹǳǱ߳ţǰ˸кһˣͻůϣȥȥˣƳҲ֣ǿ
ƽתȥ壬ůǰ£ƵĴͲʼ崵ͷ
վһ߿һᣬʮֲͷʣ˭ģ
ƵʱûףΪ˹塣
ϣҲͷϣͷƿܣΨˣͲС
ˣʱˡ
һ֪
˵갲תˣǸʲô˼
ҪѰ׷Ҫɵ飬׷ģ
ŰƾûˣƸոϴͷû͸䣬ԾͲܻȥˣȻôһˣͷҲʲôɱͷ顣
ϵҪɱͷɱˣҲȵھˡ
͵ǺֵдȥˣҰοžͻȥˡ
Űȥ壬۾СƢڴϢ
ȥһƿҩˮһ룬׻Ҫġ
ϺѪֻܴˡ
ȥϵۣϵ۲ʱϵҲܣʺĽˣʱǷŻǲţ
ľΪ˹Ʋˣٵ¹Ȼûطȥˡ
Ƶʱּ̫Ҫȥϵ۱ȥǱߡ
ٵ¹ȥ﹬ϵ۸յ˳﹬ſھͿվϵһûк£ǻϣеϣǱͣ
ȥݼμϡ
ϵ۴ʱﻹգӦһ漴ʣ£
ϣһ˵ģϵ֪в죬Ҫһ£˭д˼Ůˣϵ۾ȥǱߡ
ⲻ֪ϵ۵һ֮֡
һ ʺڸ
յĺɻǰѩǵģ·ʱ֪ȥΧ
ϵҲûʲôطȥƧȻҪǸȻҪҸû˵ĵط
ϵ۰˰֣ʾСȥ
СߵԶԶģ֪κ£ֻҪϺúõľͳɡ
ǵٴ󣬻ܰѻô
˿ϣһ¡
ϵۿڣҲ̬Ⱥǻᱻԭµģǿѡ
֮ɽΪģϵ͡
ʣϴģ
Ҳġ
һѹȥץϵ۵ŵϵһ˵Ѿӵ˺ɻ档
ϵЩסվ˺ɻ档
˽ȥϵ˹ִ򲻹ֻЭ֮ɽҲǹģҲ޵ĵܵܣѻʺĽˣ޸Ϸ˻ʺ޲ʧִҲǸˡ
ʶ
𵱳۸Ů顣
ߣȻ᳼ȥôˡ
ϵ۾òԣ֮ɽǻϣ߱
߱ɣ߱˻ϾͰѳˡ
֣˵һ죬Ṽ֮ɽϵ꣬Ҫǰ֮ɽĴεľˡ
ᵱ껹ãȥʹϵۿȻϳԿ
ϵۺܿϵۿʼֵܵһ󣬵˼УʼڽڰˣһȭХȥϵۿ㲻վԭظ򣬽һȭͣ£ûϵ۴ȥ
ϵ̧סȭͷӱǰȥǰãû뵽㵹
Щ￴ˣʲôʱ޹ȥˣվߣΪˣĵƫȥˡ
ֱסһȭϵ۵Ķϣϵֱˤڵء
俴ȥҪǿڵ꣬㡣
תߣϵʹҪҪˣ̫ˣҲҪ飬˶ӴӺɻ˳
ڵˣϵȥ﹬̫
ʱ̫Ѿ˳﹬ڳ﹬š
ôˣ̫󿴵̫һ֣Ǻ²Ż´ǧ
̫󣬳ġ̫żɽѯʡ
̫ԵòͷˣҲҪܣһˣģ۲۰
飬ͬϷвʵĵ
̫Ȼͷ˿
̫һ۾̫Ҫ˵ʲô˵Ϊ汾ֻһѻʺĽˣ˵һʱߣˣ
ǣ˻ϣǶǴûд˭ôˣ˵ʱҲ֪һ
̫˵Ϊ˻ʺҹȷʵд̣
̫ӿһ۾̫ȥɡ

̫ˣžˡ
̫󣬾̫ʲô˼
Ҫֵģǹս𡣡
ǻϵ棿
ϵȻҪģ²ôˡ
֣̫󣬻ѵ֪ǻʺΪ
ʺźӣ֪ΣοʺǰһʱϲĴ֮ˣԻʺϲ顣
ͷʵϧùʺĻڸģϧùʱ͸ûڸˡ
̫Цϣû˭ȥ˭ģϧùõʺ֮ԵڻûǣҲǻʺʺþ
ūˡ˵ţ˺ϸ̫밲
̫󣺡̫㿴
ûϽȥһò裬űúȲ裬캮ضģôò֪·ʲôأ
⣺̫ô֪ˣ
˾ˣ֮ɽôô˶ûǽҪʵһô
ĶӱԲܣǰ֮ɽʲôˣƽŮŵҪˡ
ԴСǳ㿴ô糯ˣ߹Ҳȥ̡
Ҫû´϶˾ͻТ˳¡
ҲǻϴҪǻˣԴȥҲҪ
ô˵ϣ˵һ˻ȥ˵
̫˰֣ȥɡ
æȥſӭϵۣ̫µš
ϵ۽Ÿ̫밲ĸ밲ĸҹ˾ţˣĸˡ
°ɣʲôﲻģҲĴĸɡ̫ӣϵȥ£̫塣
ʱ̫Ѿةฮǰͣ¾̫ƿӳةฮ濴һۣгʽͣˣֻ̫Ǹ˸ӣ̫ةฮ
(δ)

һ ʺڸ

յĺɻǰѩǵģ·ʱ֪ȥΧ
ϵҲûʲôطȥƧȻҪǸȻҪҸû˵ĵط
ϵ۰˰֣ʾСȥ
СߵԶԶģ֪κ£ֻҪϺúõľͳɡ
ǵٴ󣬻ܰѻô
˿ϣһ¡
ϵۿڣҲ̬Ⱥǻᱻԭµģǿѡ
֮ɽΪģϵ͡
ʣϴģ
Ҳġ
һѹȥץϵ۵ŵϵһ˵Ѿӵ˺ɻ档
ϵЩסվ˺ɻ档
˽ȥϵ˹ִ򲻹ֻЭ֮ɽҲǹģҲ޵ĵܵܣѻʺĽˣ޸Ϸ˻ʺ޲ʧִҲǸˡ
ʶ
𵱳۸Ů顣
ߣȻ᳼ȥôˡ
ϵ۾òԣ֮ɽǻϣ߱
߱ɣ߱˻ϾͰѳˡ
֣˵һ죬Ṽ֮ɽϵ꣬Ҫǰ֮ɽĴεľˡ
ᵱ껹ãȥʹϵۿȻϳԿ
ϵۺܿϵۿʼֵܵһ󣬵˼УʼڽڰˣһȭХȥϵۿ㲻վԭظ򣬽һȭͣ£ûϵ۴ȥ
ϵ̧סȭͷӱǰȥǰãû뵽㵹
Щ￴ˣʲôʱ޹ȥˣվߣΪˣĵƫȥˡ
ֱסһȭϵ۵Ķϣϵֱˤڵء
俴ȥҪǿڵ꣬㡣
תߣϵʹҪҪˣ̫ˣҲҪ飬˶ӴӺɻ˳
ڵˣϵȥ﹬̫
ʱ̫Ѿ˳﹬ڳ﹬š
ôˣ̫󿴵̫һ֣Ǻ²Ż´ǧ
̫󣬳ġ̫żɽѯʡ
̫ԵòͷˣҲҪܣһˣģ۲۰
飬ͬϷвʵĵ
̫Ȼͷ˿
̫һ۾̫Ҫ˵ʲô˵Ϊ汾ֻһѻʺĽˣ˵һʱߣˣ
ǣ˻ϣǶǴûд˭ôˣ˵ʱҲ֪һ
̫˵Ϊ˻ʺҹȷʵд̣
̫ӿһ۾̫ȥɡ

̫ˣžˡ
̫󣬾̫ʲô˼
Ҫֵģǹս𡣡
ǻϵ棿
ϵȻҪģ²ôˡ
֣̫󣬻ѵ֪ǻʺΪ
ʺźӣ֪ΣοʺǰһʱϲĴ֮ˣԻʺϲ顣
ͷʵϧùʺĻڸģϧùʱ͸ûڸˡ
̫Цϣû˭ȥ˭ģϧùõʺ֮ԵڻûǣҲǻʺʺþ
ūˡ˵ţ˺ϸ̫밲
̫󣺡̫㿴
ûϽȥһò裬űúȲ裬캮ضģôò֪·ʲôأ
⣺̫ô֪ˣ
˾ˣ֮ɽôô˶ûǽҪʵһô
ĶӱԲܣǰ֮ɽʲôˣƽŮŵҪˡ
ԴСǳ㿴ô糯ˣ߹Ҳȥ̡
Ҫû´϶˾ͻТ˳¡
ҲǻϴҪǻˣԴȥҲҪ
ô˵ϣ˵һ˻ȥ˵
̫˰֣ȥɡ
æȥſӭϵۣ̫µš
ϵ۽Ÿ̫밲ĸ밲ĸҹ˾ţˣĸˡ
°ɣʲôﲻģҲĴĸɡ̫ӣϵȥ£̫塣
ʱ̫Ѿةฮǰͣ¾̫ƿӳةฮ濴һۣгʽͣˣֻ̫Ǹ˸ӣ̫ةฮ
(δ)

 ͷة

̫ǰĻʣҹдˣ
ɲôʺĽˡ˵
̫һ仨˿Ҫ˵˰˻ûʲôҪǴ˻֪ͷˡ
̫˼ǣֲס
̫תȥǰתϸµĽ˵Ҫд̫󣬲ǻʺ󣬲ǹǻĸ㲻Ҳ˻ͷ
̫裿
ֵô˵ʺҪ£
̫ҡͷʺлϱţлʼҵѪ
ǣ
ôˣܶµġ
̫ɿ֣˿ǰЩⶬ￪ʵףƸδеģ˸ÿһ裬Ҳ͸̫һɡ
ǡ
뿪̫ȥϢˡ
̫ةฮ뵽ǰȥ¡
ԺƶƢѾƶһƢˣԴϴα޹߻£ƶԹƢ
ްƣ޲ðȥ
ƶڷƢةԭҲǸ׵ˣŮڹ澡ʧҲù
ԭѾ嶤ˣ϶õ£Ҫǰȥ˹ȥһ·ˣةฮ裬ĸŮ裿
ةÿ뵽Щ飬԰Թ޼֡
κŮڹλΣľ޷ʺЩǻŮı֡
ȻةฮҲڳбż
񣬺ЩţΪŮ
˵ףŮǻʺة뵽úõһ±ƽˣƶµҲΣѾСˣڴʮĹϹˣٹʮˣڲޣǾҲʵ˼ˡ
ة˿˭ҸˣݵλݵΪˣةġ
ģѼӷˡ
ةܲޣ
ƶ޿ģܡ
õĹ鴦ǽѾһˣǱƸˣֿ֣Ҳϣĸܽȥͽ˵Ҫ顣
ة˱޵ķŭˣˣ㻹ѷӿ޵ô
ƶᣬ˲ĸףҲΣҵģҽźϣôᷢ飿
ةŭͿãοǶ֮ȥô
ةҲǱͿˣƶȴģѾƹŷ𳣰ҪǶ⣬Ҫ乬
οﲻǽһˣҽҲԸ㣬ȻҪˣΪҲҪľޣһǰˡ
ة˴һ˲һƶˣǲǽҪ㣬㵱ΪѾ;ƿˣ
οҪˣҲ㣬ǽãô
ľ޺£빬ٵҲϿڽҲΪġ
ةҪˣµ˶ǣôܺˣ
ǽѾʧˣϵ׻ϲŮӰҪȻΪÿնľ޹ܻ֣
ƶŭةƶһƣŭƶҪʧˣˣǷ֮ж鲻ܹģһ죬Ͼ͸߿һۣ˼ô֣㾹Ȼ£Ī˵㣬ңҲȥ
㴳Ļ̫࣬쿪ʼҲҪȥȻȣ
ƶةˣû뵽һŮôãԽʺҪҶ
ةת뿪ԽԽͷһ۲ƶ˵ú÷ʡʲôʱʡˣٳ
ƶһةˤŵ˶˳ȥ
ةȻһǱߣ˵ı죬ˣ
ة˵ѾߣةѾˣ˻̧ͷһةˣˣ񰲶ԲŮҿСҪص¡
һҷ緶ûУԭΪãЩҶҲǴδйĺãû뵽Ĳһ
ҲգҸ˼Ҳãǲ֡
˵ǡ
Ӧʣةǰȥǰ飬ة˻֪
̫ʱѾ˵һỰˣةɫ԰ףϿʼ¡
̫һةࣺѾһˣȥǻҲסǣ˴ε飬ة໹Ǻúá
ةβ˵Ϸͽʥ
ة࣬İûҲҪΪεеҸ˵ǣͲˣ¡ǲҪ֪ĺã˺
ةȫͷ󺹡
̫Ϸ£Ȼȥˣ̫û£Ҳ˲СľţةฮŮ޷еӲ̸֮Ů֮
ةΪ֮ɡ
˵̫˳ȥة˸պӭ̫æŸ˸ӣ̫
̫ᣬƿˡ
ة˻ͷȥ֪Ѿͷ
(δ)

 ةฮ̽

ү̫ǡ̫뿪ة˱ȥˣ泯ž̫ȥæ˹ȥүôˣ
ةӺסة˵ֻ˰ϷԲס㣬Բס㣡
ةѾоˣʲô鲻ԣûֻעة

վһᣬס֣֪ǲ˵ġ
ةʣǳˣ
ة࿴۴֣ȥɡ
ֵȥߵһ߻£ةŮ˵̫˵Ļ
ة˫۴ͣþûл
ة޵ĲУة˵̫û¾ͺãҪһ³еҪ˳
ة޹ģһˣҪúģôͲˡ
ة˲˲ᣬЦүҷ޶꣬ѾˣΪ˳ҲΪƽܣûѡȴҲˡ
İɣةฮµġ
ة༱æϻʺةзˡ
ϵڳ﹬ڣ̫һ£ſϵۣȥɡ
ϵ۴Ƭ̣̫תˡ
СӼææǰϵۣϣʺ󡭡
ȥ߻ʺɡ
ϵûȥʺ󣬷ȥľ޵ٵ¹
Ƴĸ׹˾εˣ̥
ƼæŹϣ·ƽҲȥʹһȥ˹
Ƴڴ۵ͷ󺹣ϵ۴ʱҲѾϵ˷ǹ
ϡƼϵæŹϵ۽㣬Ƽæȥɨ裬Ѿˡ
̧ͷæŹ£ϣӱסˡ
ûʺ󡣡ϵ۽Ƴ֣ƳֱŰƣôôĺޣ
ƿٸƳˣָƳҩƳ˯š
۵ĶҪˡ
Ƴû£ƽҽҪˡ
ľҲˣ˾ڷǹһ档
ûôôиʲô¶Ҫһ뵽ʺ飬ľ޾Ͳˡ
̾Ϣ⹬ﰵӿĲʺȻѾˣȥҲˣǺܺڣûдӦȢĲ°ɸϹţҲãǳ˲¹ͷĵطҪǻŵϣҶллء
ʺĺûˣةҲˣ˵ң㻹ʲô
ʺ󡣡ľ˵Ȼ鲻ѰҲ˵
ƿ˿Χľޣҵģܷʲô£Ŵ£ٵԺ֡
ûʲôˣһһ顣
ľ޺Ц֪飬İɣд㡣
Ƶͷһ۷ǹķ򣬺εˡ
Ƴ˹Ϳƽܴӹʧǵ˳ƱתȥʱʲôҲܡ
ةʲôʺ̥ɴСϵҪҪ׷飬ܵǣ
ش󣬶Īʵ۴
ƽܴڻʳ·ѩصģվһᰲƶ䣬ƽôվţˡ
ƴȥƽܣû˵͸ƽܱסˣŵðƺʯͷһ
Ҳæ˹ȥһƽܸһȭƽܵڵϺޡ
򣬰ưѰǳסƽܡ
ٵĵطû֢ллأ˱ѹֵ̫ˡ
ƽǴˣ֪ܲĸ׵ô£ôֻ˵û취
ưƽͻةฮةฮſѾ˰ɫĵפһᣬƽܽš
ײľͷԺ棬һžܿ
ƽܽžȥˣײԹƶƶһеվŰ˹ȥةס˰ƶѺ˲ﲻ
ةæŸ񣬰æŻ񣺡ةڰ
ȥݣΪŹײ
ƽܺȻȥײǰȥײģ˫ƿ˹ײģͷŹײ￴ةһˣæŽ˰ƽһƽܡ
ƾЩŹ֣ةྐྵȻǱʹǾʧ롣
ȥƽܣͿһżҪϵĹײ棬ãһ¡
漴ײľ͸ˣةæߵƵǰǸЦˣƽܲɥĸ֮ʹĪ֣
ƽܣة࣬¸ٽҵĻ¡
ةΪƬ̣ðɣǾȥǱרŵտ
Ҳá
Ӧ۰Ȼȥɣһүߣ˳ҵһҩѶβҲ¡
תȥƿײǱߣЩ֣
(δ)

 թ

ةư˵طƽҲ˹ȥָտ
ܿ˶βҩ䡣
δƽܵãȸƽܴһ򶨼
ƽܴЩ룬ƽаƽȥţտƽܡ
ƶҲ֪ôӲģҵƾɱƣȥһŰƶ߷˳ȥƶˤӵһѪŵɫ԰ףֱҽ
ةĽ˰ƶȥָƵǸ
ة಻ˡƿƽܣ˵ٽ뿪ϣҪةࡣ
ţϷͽϼӿСŮģٳˡ
á
ƴӦة˳ȥŹغã˼⿴
òԣתƣǡ
ΪǺãعܡƿββëβӴˡ
ȵϣƽܲѹβʱѾ˰ƵĻ
ٽڰ
ƽܲشڴϷ
ƿ۰ȳȥ׼ͻȥˡ
ȥ׼Ҳ͵͵ţưѻĶβƽܣδû취ңСû»ҡ
˵ߣƽܴĿŻĶβһԲɵһ
صƺܿصֱԺ
ţȻϢ
ȥ£Ͼҹˡ
ү˯ˣ
ץסƵ֣һ˵ҪϢգҪһϢգҲϢˣ
ƺЦôܲܿƽܲܣ
ǾܿűˣҪƽܵҪ
ԽЦôһƽɥĸүⲻǺúõô
ߣĸţ
ǿɲңүҪ˵˻ҪǴ̫Ķ棬ҿǳԲ˶ߣ
ƴȤͷһ¹ͣ뿪ʣˣ
۾ô֪ƽɥĸˣ
үô֪ģƱһܿͻָ糣ˡ
֪Ȼʲôûȴʲô֪Ϣͨ˷ھȴƿر߹شС飬ɼһ֩һϢÿʮʱϵĻ˸棬ص顣
ݹ£֪˵һľˡ
ûв֪飬֪ͱȻ֪
ʣô˵үһ֪Ǹ֣
̸ϣֻǾ̫飬ȻҪ˰ǲƤģةһ겻һ꣬ڳҲΪŮں󹬵ελż
̫Ȼûʲô̫ȴһֱûиةฮĴѹҡ
̫νĸ棬ةʮԴҲҰŮȻҪƳһε顣
˲ةˣةࡣ
ةеĶޣةԸҲ᲻÷޷ֿ˵
ǾãһˣҲûˣҪܺúõĻ꣬ĵİײģʱҲ
ټةฮһùˣǿԵġ
ðһ亹ةı㣬죬¹ĳǸʲô֪
£ƾûˡ
Ҫ£ǾͿˣةıʲôһѾ˵ˣҪʲô˵ܼ򵥣˭֣ᷢ
ү˼ǣܷةˣ
Ȼ
үȻةѾˣ͵˵ĺˣҽԴϲ
һ뵽Ͳġ
ƳΣ޹ģûˣҪةҲˣǱҡ
岢δϻش𣬰֣ү
¾ֱ§סƵ˰£ҹʲô
үáƴȤ̧үΪʲôôӢʵ˵ʼҲΪʲôԭôϲүүҲ˶ѣòƽƽƽƽ
ԽԽζˡ
үȻŮӰү֮š
˵㣬Ҫ˵ʱʲôĳһڲٶûС
ƺЦүǴӦˣ
ԲܣҪԼ£ʲô²鵽ϣɾͱֱˡ
šһ¹壬˳ϱӣư¡
ةฮ
ҹ˾ة͵͵ĸײͷһƻ
Ѿе˶֧ˣΧ
ةڹײСʣ䲻䣿
á
ةȷʵܣűȣҲʲô
ةͷ찲һǣѾˣҪˡ
ͷˡ
(δ)

 

𣬰ȥӸǱ߿˼󱦱ʣȥˣ
ƤҲ̧һû˯Ƶģȥˣȥ̫밲·Ҫ󱦱ͻˡ
ŶĸкЦǲŰ˵ĻԴӹ̹ˣ˵ʲôܸˡ
Сڹ£Ǻܲİɡ
ŮֱˣڵľˣͱֺǺǵˣҪʲôûôôˡ
ƿźЦ㲻ȥһȥˣ
ôȥһˣҲûʲô¡鲻ҿơ
ƲΪѰһ󱦱ǣ˵Ҫȥչ˹尲ƾˡ
˾ӸгĿة˵飬ȥ濴
ճţߵվţƻΪǰ䰢䣬ԽԽûˣվˡ
תȴվߣæŴ˸к
İתˣһ
Ҳˣ鲻Ǻܸˡ
ΣҺôǾڵӣҰ㺦˲ࡣ
վһᣬةฮĶƺƵĳߡ
ײĵĹײһЩɫѣһƷھ˵ھǰͷھͷڡ
ߵķ׺͹أҪġ
ײоĵ񻨣߷˶һЩ׽ˣةһ߱˲ţͿɵ˵ӡ
ƶǸںš
ƽТǰ棬ﱧᦣͷޱ顣
ƿ˿תȥˣҲ˻ȥ
ƶԷ鲢޺øУ˼ǾӸǱߵĻԺٸЩӡ
Թ緹ˣѯʣת棬ҲſȥЩ֡
ԳҲȤ
ȤûУֻǹײ˻͸ˣ
סЦģ
鿴ƣû˵ʲôתˡ
˲˻ȥ
ةฮ˵ǻ׹ݣʺСҲܵǣûнѾǶͣȻҲûʲô׷⡣
ҹڳԷ⼱ææܼңةฮˣ˵ةಡΣˣȥ
ƶ˵˳ȥææȥˡ
ּ̹ˣȾҼӡ
ƻͷһ۰°ɣҸȥ
ִةฮƣҲδ֣Ժɴةฮˡ
ûеĸӣ˵Ȼǲ˵Ʋðš
֣ƸŴ
æҪţƽסеңҡ
ͲϽƽǿƵ˼ŰѰˡ
Ȼģƽ˵Ѿȥˣתȥ
İƽʲôһҪȥȥһҲġ
İɣ⼸յ£ѾаһЩ˱ӣһҪȥˣҪҡ
˵Щʲôֻƽ
־ͿˣҲû˵ģǿޡ
Ҳ˵ʲô֪϶ة˳ˣԴֲġ
Ȼةฮûȥةฮȥ˾һõլӡ
ͣ´æŴ
Сĵ㣬ҷ
û£ùңǰ·ˡ
æŴƽȥҲ˲Ŵһ·ܵԺӵĶ
ûʲôˣֻһӣӿæźţ˵ȥſţκ˽
æȥ棬ƿһۣǸûʲôǵˡ
ưҩ£ߵةǰ£һҲ¿ةˡ
ةฮة಻뿪ةฮΪ˲۴ңةթҲҸҵˡ
ǽʳģ϶Ҳûȥةฮ
ɨ谲ƿһةˣףûʲô²õģȴһ룬һԵҩӦþûˡ
æŲ˲ᣬӦ
ƴ꣬ة˲˯
׼뿪ֱˡ
ҼҷҲû취ǧҪ淢
ֿ޵Ĳӣ֣λŲ֪˵ʲôλϷҴûмô˵淢淢أ
̧ͷƣƿһ˯ةˣ֣λţҷ˵ĲһҪΣδ·;ңԶȥҴ£ʱ캮ضʱ򣬲Һˣÿ緹ߡ
ֲ֪˵
۲һ£Ҫл𿻾ͺˣµľǺоͶŻ裬ӪҲҪϣһЩӪĶ鿪ͻˡ
ǡ
æŴӦҲ˾ʹ˳
ҪͰƣ˵ˣȥƲ˼ˣȥɾԶˣ
ţһλƵĹһˣϸǸˡ
(δ)

 뾩

˳ſˣţͷˣﲻܶƵţҲûˣٲȻûרãԵƾһЩ˸죬͸Эˡ
ߵ£һЦүôˣ
ʲôʱܻȥ֮⻹߲ȥˡ
֪ǹҲûж˵мȻġ
ȥѰﱧţбӣҲ䣬С׼ĶҲͲ㣬Ȼ䡣
ƽʱ趼Ҫĵطһ趼ûУѾխСˡ
Ʊ§סñӹš
Ź尲ƺЦȥˡ
Űɣһůˣȥ˿鷳
һ˾ôŻȥ
ĲԶͣ£һ
֮󣬹ÿȥӰƣù緹ͳţգة˲תҲ˴֣㹻ҩġ
ҽˣԺͲˡలʲôû˵žˡ
ة˿Ű뿪ıӰ˵ĸж
û뵽ƻæ
ƽʱҪƵ뷨ةΡ
ȥүһѾûˣδүҾȲȥˡ
£ȥةࡣ
ة֪ǰҹӼơ
˵ةˣƽаȥة࣬⼸żз纮ˣʲôպټ
ةʱ캮ضӲǿȴϾʹˣûȵƼһͷԵ˹ȥ
ų˿˾ιȥˣĶûʲô
ةͻȥ˵ҸүˣˡƽȻԺة˻ȥ
δة໹Ʊȳȥ㼸졣
ү㲻˵߹Ҫȥһ˵ģĪдŸȣȥ߹أΣ
ƻﱧŶС壬׷Сϻͷվһֻѻ
˲Ǿ߰ɡ
СӹȥӸǱߣƽպóţ˺ӣŰƱߣԸȥҪǳ͢£˵޹򣬴ǹ˼ȥˡ
ƱﲻסĺЦ϶Ǵӿʼʹģ͵˵Ҫߡ
ƽ˸ӣСŤͷŰ¾ߵˣεı۾
һ·棬ŷ֣һ׼ȫ鶼һӡ
һ꣺ү׼
ǰɡȷʵҪȥ߹أҾ⼸գȥһ˲ģةฮ²ŵˣպðҪţʹˡ
֪үд㣬͸ţûͷ˵
Ѿ˵ˡ嵭ȻƿŷӦĳǸôûн
ô˵ģ
ûô˵ֻʱȥá
ү˵ɣ
ΪأЦĺЦЩĮİЩĬˡ
棬ѾųȥˣһûŰʽҲǰƲʶˡ
ȻʲôУûӣ˵Ǳ˶Ŀȥ
ߵôæҲ
ȥҪȸ²ûˡ
Ѱȥ§ס뿪
ӵܺӼɿſ׷ŪҲǱǸһŵҲ˳ͱĸ˱Ѿˡ
˳⣬⼸Ҳڳſڵš
ʽѳͣ£壺үסȥ·
忿ıϣƿӳ濴ȥƾߣ˫򿪳泯濴
ļ˼ˣ̫κִ
վƲȥҰͣˡ
嵭ĮĿһĸˣڣͼλˣصģǱ̫ˡ
ܷȥϷϹͷܰһʱ䣬Ϸڣ֤ˡ
һ۰ƣȥء
չ˺ǣҲչ˺ԼƻЩ᲻ãȻȥҲǲˡ
ݺᣬΪƶģ͵ˡ
˲ᣬûĿŹ壺Ҳǡ
С
һЦȥء
š
ѳ£Ѱưڻƿ뿪
ɫȥиŵ˿ٸȥ
κִһۣؾȥ档
˷ֱ뿪ȶؾˣʱŭˣŭһɱ㵲ס˹ȥ
(δ)

 뾩·

үˡ
ʽ
ƿӣһ۶ŭ֪ûġ
α˵⽭ɽǹҵģھǣҲҪЩౡ֮ŶԣȻڹ̧ͷ
жڣͱκִ֪Σ
õڹһġ

죺Ҫ⣬²عܣ˵ȥ߹ص¡
˵ʲôѶѲɶҪ汾ȥջҲ˵ģȥѲɲȥˣ
£ȷʵϵ۵˼Ҫȥġ
ŭȥ˶ѾС
ȻˣǾͶˡ
ӷ£һƣúýѵһ٣ڿԼˣѵĻ˵ڣԴ֪˵Щʲô
ȥɳһһסȻǸҡ
ϴ򿪿һֽֽдż֣е֮磬֮£ʥ֮ǽ磬Ī˵£أҲģ
תԶȥнԶպ˺ɰŵתžǷ򣬿ٻȥ
ԶһϣӴԶȥת
ﰲ֣ү˵е֮磬о֮£ʥ֮үʲô
һĨЦֹ̧һ°Ƶıӣп֮֮ʲ֮¡
ƺһͣع̾Ϣһ
Ȼ֣ޱߵȨޱߵɣγǸһǬ󣬽أ
ƿʣүμǿǿˣ
ˡ
Ƕʥʲô
ɵһ
ЦˣͲɵô
һսʤ𣬴ʥүпϣֻһ·ʥүһ˵ͳ˶սʤˣҲڹӡ
§ŹһڣүҾϲɵӣ
Цֱ§סŮˣһֻסƵ°ͣɲϲɵӡ
ǿɲУɵϲֻɵӡ
ƿڹĻ紵ӣ˿棬ǰ·ѩ׷ףзѩġ
˯һ䣬ȥ棬Ӹڰƺϣл裬ǵİˡ
ŰƵĶͷ˯ĸ̤ʵ
нһʱ˲ߵĵطĿĹ濴ȥ
ʽҲ쳣ͣ¿ǰ棬ʽӹϣվһߣѩȻӴ󣬺Ĵӣͳʽϵ·
ү
ҲսˣȻ繬Ŀ˷ҲǸõˡ
Ҳͣˣʽֿ˵˻
۾һ۹ſڣˣӦһ֪ˡ
ͷһ°Ƶ˯ˣ
ˡ
ãȻŰŲ˸طƻͷһӸոչŵĵط룬㿪պö㿪ǰ
̧ͷ壬һЦ¡
⳵ʽү
ܿƱ屧ڻЩϷˣôҲ
ֻЩĹ塣
ȥô
ҡͷأ
̾Ϣôһˡ
Ϊ¡
γѻҲ浣ĳ¡
ڶ˰ʱʱ氲
ʽүûˡ
šɿƴȥƿӿһۣȻڣܿˣʬ˵š
ƿһۣʽһѽѪӣںɳ
ƴŹһ£ʮˣʱѾȴɱ
ΧˣΧֻʮҡ
紵Ѫ̳ƻͷ壺ү˰·Ҫȥ
Ц߹ս¼ӽ˿ʼż˲ź棡
ƻȥӷ£ʣʲôˣ
ʺˣu͵ˣпܡ
ʺʱ򻹸ң
ԽʱԽǲ֣ة˵Իʺ˵Ǹ̼ԤϵûʺѾڻʹˡ
ǣ
ƵĹ£嵹ǺܰݵĿǵ飬Ƕˡ
ӣһӶָзִ硣
ƺȻף뿪ҲϣԶһ档
үһ
ûһ̫ˣصġ
ƵͷڹĻ￿š
֮죬һֱ˽ɱÿΰƺ͹嶼ܰȻȹ
ݵʱ򣬹죬Ǳ飬ϱ˹塣
ӵϢŸֵĵط
ƴ˵ӣҩȥ
ʱڰߡ
ƴ˼صĹҽԽİ취
ĲߣֻǸðظðѣֻûж֢ҩŻڵӺԽԽء
ƶŹҽ⣬ҽ¼°˵ĻѾ½˺תһָˡ
ƲŸ뿪
(δ)

 ҹ

ӡ˿ߵĹu̵ϥأuվڸߴֶ
δתuʣô
֮ȷʵ壬߹صǹû
ϧһд۽ɱ򸾣һͷȡʮӡ
ǡ
ֽ뾩ǣһ·ȥ취ɱ˹ӣһ·Уȴ
ǣ
һҹѩ죬ô˯á
ôˣ
ߵӴ´˼ϡ
תһ۶ݣ֪ôˣһֱ
ҽҪúϢ㻹ǲ⼸ձ飬ӰϢձȥ鷿ǱϢ
˵ЩڣҪȥ鷿Ҳ¡
ҡͷү£ҾǽʼܾҪʲô¡
ӦòᣬϢɡ˻ȥϢԼ˯ˡ
¶ţ˯žЩġ
ΪʲôҪķĹu͵Ѿѹܾˣֲʡ
˯ţƫƫˣûס
סĸȥ鱾ᡣ
ˣΪʲôôСҺûʲô㻹˺Ѿˡu˻Ǻܲȥôá
͡ôĮȻ
Խ⣺õүαغһ˵һƽϣοҺûʲôҲ֪ġ
ʲô˵
;ûȥڷؾĹͲⱨӦ
ûסʶ
ɫɷѿ˵
ίĴϳϡ
˶ûˣ
ΪίȦת
Ȼ֣оУûоûУǶӱܣһЩȥòܣʵʲôûı䣬ǵĸһûм٣ûУԽԽңӱܸܽ⡣
վת˵ʱ۱䣺˶ˣʲô
ΪʲôڷؾĹ˻ôִ֡
תߣʣǲǻо
ͣ£ǰס
ڱ˵ڹǵģôûСת˵˲ۿ޵Ķʹѡ
˶ͺܺڣ˵ô
ʣƾʲô޹uͣʲôϵ
ǱŮˣͲÿ̽uĿ׺ݡ
ߣŭŶ
߽Ҫˣ˼ͱ˺סҲ㣬ȥ
һˣȴҪռһУƾʲô
תȥ뿴
˵Ķӣʱ˺ˡ
ȥ鷿
תȥ鷿ǱߣŸ˼ͿǰлٶȺܿ졣
˼һ£ãʵô£
䵽ϣϥأڿʹ
Ϊʲôûɫŭϵгɡ
ڵȣոա
֪һڳܣûиҾš
֣ȥʹ
ǡ
ϵ˿ȥͷһ棬ȥˡ
Ҳ롭ţҪȥƤãֱӸ˴ϡ
Ҫȥ㲻ģȥˣȥ
̸ųţʽһӣ㳯Ź
Ŀ䣬˱ִ֣ʶ·侲
ҪȥǱȻƲǡ뵽ͬţ˸ڣеĽڶȲ϶ڹܵĲȴ
Ȼڹǲܴľ
Ȼ⡣
ס˵֣˵Ҫȥ˶Ҫȥ
İɣҲҡ
һˣΪ˱סӣ˵ȥ
һŲŴӶ
׷Ķʣ
ȥ˵£Ҫȥˣȥ
Ըҵ飬̸
ʵҲѾ쳣ϷѾſڵˣ̰˽ֱȥʹ
˴Ӹ̲ˡ
ү
Ѿ˯ˣӴϳӸԺѾ˳
ƽһվԺǰǰվʮˡ
㼸ϱҪ˽ǽɱ⣡
ǣ
Ѹ뿪ƽͷһۻģ̧ͷ򷿶ʮˣסſڣܽĵط
ǡ
ʮ£ƽ˵ӵˣ˷ˣ˵Ȳó
źվſ̧ͷ˿ֱ߳˻ȥ
ʱԺ˰µˣǷˡ
ƽһԺȻǸŮ˵㡣
(δ)

 

ƽźӣŷ
ΧۣҲȥɡ

ƽûнȥߵǰȥӣߵʱ˵鷳һҪСһû
ƽδô˵ѷߡ
鿴Ǳߣ漴ӣƽ˽ȥ
棬Ҳ档
񶼺ƣûиŹȥ߹ء
һεӵտڵϢӴʱ˯ĺ𣬵ϻſŶβСϻһֻѻ
ǷֱԼϢĵطǵλöΧһӡ
˯ĸӣ˯ģһ۾ģСϻͶβػǸ
飬С۾
Ҳ˯ˣƽŰ
һϴ
˹ƿ칫ˣ
칫ʱܵǣæŻ·Ҳĸıһڻﻤš
ҲˣŻЬߵ϶ǰ
ƽһ칫һһһ
һһʣСû˹ˡ
ƽ͸Ԥϵһ飺˵ͽܣˡ
ȥС壬С۾ûӦ
칫ģɱģүո뿪죬ˡ
ƽЦ˵ǡ
ƽͷȥ£ҲˣǶ£׼˲㣬һԲӣ£ȲԸ㡣
ƽΪ˻գ˵գһµա
濪ʼ򶷣˰ʱŰ
ִܿһЩ˵ƽ̧ͷЩˡ
鿴Ż޷ӦС壬Щ֣ĺ뻹۾һ˯ͱ۾϶û˯
ſСϻСϻ죬Դӷ鱧С忪ʼСϻſڷȱߣβҲķΧڣСѻһһֱС塣
ⰲŭȣʲôˣ˲񣿡
˵ȻƽŤȥվ
˺Ͱͬʱ˳ȥʮ˴ƽ֪Ѿ׶༪ˡ
ƽ飺͸ˡ
Щźһ򿪣ſȥƽӹȥӡ
һץסӹСϣһֱС壬˳ȥ
˱źӣñӹס˳ȥ칫ңߵſھͣˣҪǿɲǿ
ƽӴվҲû̫ȥֻаͷȥ档
һ߷ɣˤڵһѪ
һ˶ԸʮˣҲЩѲڡ
鵭ɨһԺˣһŰµĽӵϵ𣬷̧֣䵽ֱۣĮעˡ
ԭǸùĶȻҲҵ¡鵭ȻЦһ¡
ʲôˣ
ʲô˲Ҫ޻ؾͶˡ
㶯֣Ӹſڴһ
û뵽
һ£Ӹſڣͣһ£Ǳߡ
ҡҡͷЦޣΪˣô
˵ʱϣ϶ǺʬˣƽѵЩˡ
֣û
ʣΪʲôҪ㲻ôΪʲô
˶ģҪߣӭȢ㣬ҪĻʺҪΪķ½֮ϣҫŮˡ
߹ϣ˿߳һ᣺˷Ĺ㣿
ʶġ
Ц£Ӣûоȣ˶ǵñ˵ԲҪ£ܲҪ㡣
ߣӴ˱ɽҲҪԶԸ⣿
ס촽Ĺٵģߵģ
۽ת
ǣǱߣߵ˵ǰסˡ
ҪŮˣʹôĿϬճһֻ˱С֣ۣԹޡ
Ůˡ
ֻǶ˸ݣ㲢һƲϵˣ䲻˶
ЦǷϣ˵˲㣬Ҳ˵˲㣬˵㡣
ŷߵƽߣתˣûʲôÿ޵ģֵãȱ
˶ƲƫţҪӮ
˲˲᣺ȻǱԩģΪʲôҲˣ㻹ң
һ£ֻǵģҪܵģϲҪ͸
˲ţֻǿŶ˵
Щ˶ɼǵãһ£Ӧ飬˵гһգ£Ըڱߣ
˿ȥСһ㣬񿴶ˣҾͲʶ㣡
һ£Ǳ䡣
Ҫıȹѿӽϣһ˳ȥ
漴һѽ˳ȥ
(δ)

һʮ 

û뵽ҲŵĶ
֣ȥ˶̥Ҫ˻ȥ
˿һ۶ǷģǲõģҪҪĹȥ
ˣĿС棬ȻûӹϢˡ
Ŀ⸴ӣעˣ˶Ҫ̫ˣҪô󶯸λɣģҪǱΣ
Ŀ˶ȥǱ飬һ˶Ը
ҡͷȻǷޣҪͬˣҪɱ㣬Եǰ档
ҡͷС
ŽȥȥһؿڣסѪ˳
ʣΪʲôһδεթΪʲôҪƭң
ЦҪ֣Ǳ顣
˶Ų˵˶Ҫ㣬һ뵽ڱ˻絶
һѳӵϣҺ㣡
ЦûакޣֻǺڣȥйˣ˶˵˱˭˶
ȫ㣡
ҪɱֱӣȻڻζЦЦŶô
ˣʰҲ練ơ
ᱻƲ𣬹Ҳˣ˲ܡ
˶ȥһߡ
ὣ˿ȥ൱ҲԽսԽ£˻ġ
үСģ
˵ʱһ߹ȥûˤϣһѪ
𽣣ںһˣӮҲˡ
үȥ
ԽǺԽǲģ𽣼
һһţڶԭĵطڵû
ۿһҪȥ
Ľ̵ˡ
ָ˵壬ֶ˶Ϊѱ
Ҷ㣬ıѣɷҲܻţӮΣСŵĹˣ̣Ǹլʺˣôȣ
СǸʶңѵΪҪõΣ
ӿʼŬһֱƵߣһܵôȣ
ɱ˲գۣĻǵħͷլʺΪˡ
ûñȣ
˽Ŷ
ˣôûãαΪ˵
үûãүĻ£ү׬Ǯַ׬Ǯָգҩģ˰գûүĿľӪϸ㣬վҪ˰
Ц
˱۾ãҷ˶һ˫ְ㻹
뿪ߡ
ǰҪߣȻģ˵ɱôˣô飬Ȼߣʹˣ
̧ŷ飬ĿȾһĨǾԡ
ƿ˷ˣ𽣳ŷߣʱﺢӵʱСѾ۾ˡ
ŷ飬С˫۾ڲӲӵģںҹᷢ⣬ķ
СһֱҲһֱ
ὣǰѾŶӵ˵һߡվŵĵطպúӡ
̧ˣŭ˳Цˡ
˿ֱסתŶ㿴
ǿŶЦûпֻǿ״
ҧҧս֣򲻹衣
˿ĳġ
Ҳû취ˣʲô˵ġ
ҲϣӮ
´һҪӮȻ̫ˣ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôô˵鲻ɣ˸˵ģûʲôɽġ
ȻǸŮӣСҲǽģڸɫȴ˸׸
ڶߣ˻Ȼɵˡ
ã´Ӯ
ܲеǰݲаѹ
Ŀһ۶ˣԸӰдˣһ
˵Ǻ֣аӰ
ΧٳһЩµˣӷ
Ӱߣ˫һŽһȦȦеӣӹϵģǺǰҹɷħȫ͸ű䣬ɭɭ
uͱĶ֣ͷϡ
Ŷ鿴Ҳˣ̧ͷ˶Ըˣֻÿ˶ʮҪǱСɱˣҪʮ
ã
Ŀ䣬˵ֺ˼
˲ûпܣֱͦվڶߣһǡ
ߵСѾͷվĸˡ
ǰߣ˵Ӱɱһ˶ʮӣɱӡ
Цš
ὣ߹ȥﱧһӣȴС
㵽˴ʱҲ£һˣк˵ռˣҲֵãΪֻΪһۡ
(δ)

һʮһ 

˵ֽס֣ĿȻ
˵ҹͥҹѩѩ죬ܶɣֺη
˵Ŀ䣬Ҳŭȣ֣
˿º͵Цһ£Цȴʹġ
֣
ģɱű
ӰѾ֣׼Χˣǰӳȥר˺
һҽдȥľһͷ
üģΪʲô̽˾ûУ
ʱֵıɣžʹģģٸҪҿ͸ʮѪӡ
СʮҪôʱѾվϷ磬ԸͲ⣬վڶ߿һۣŻĴ󱦱࣬ȴŶܲܵȵʱ
ܴ죬һֱۣһվ̧ͷˣס˱ߣ˵
ӿ춯һƬѩȴ磬һ˹ȥվУȥˡ
ƽ˵㲻ҪļıˣҪ㼱ġ
˵֪лƽѡ
ǡ
С˵ĳʹ࣬һ
˲ϴôٴμ棬Ѿ
·ʲô
˵ͷš
Ҫɱ˹uͣҪ˹u͵Դuͺˣûѷһֻһ
һŮӣ£һӣ˵˹u͵ϣһһŮӡ
ŮӴװޡ
ҧ֪һʲôǰŨˣæź˷ɳȥʮףס˻С壬СҲ࣬ŤڷĻԼʵʵġ
ȻĺһƬҶӣȻûʲô¡
ͷŻС壬СܰšһСӣָոƽŵ״̬۾һ۷飬۾Ϣȥˡ
һЦһʦͽԵ֣ĮԸ񱾸ϲ¹ˣǱͽˡ
ƽЦ£æ˵ЦݣſѾʧ
˶ˣֻˡ
Ըܲ˶ԶΧ޵ңǣʹ
תɫ԰ףһѪǰһ˳һߵ˹ȥ˸æȥסѾѩ档
̫ʱŴӶ˵Ȼ޲Ŀһ۶˵ҽ
ȥתӲ̫á
ƽϷԸˣҽΡ
ҲʼңȿĵȵأͱͰȫɱ˴ιȻڹУİӰȴ˼ˣ£Ӱȳֱ𽫷ǹĵ﹬幬ٵ¹Χסһǧ˷ȥ־סʹлݶգˮȫͨһֻգۣ˵һжƿڶ
ȴڻʹ
ϵվĵעŹһУ˲ˣҲŵòᣬľ̫ߣ̫Ҳڡ
˴λ̫ʮ⣬ĶҲһΪǰ׵ġ
̫һۻ̫üˡ
̫ûΣǫ飬
ˡ˵̫Щ/顣
̫˵ǸˣһֱǸӣŪ񻹱ƲֻǲϲЩɱɱûб¡
̫ͷǡ
ϣѾȫɱЪϢ̫̫ЪϢ
̫һϵۣҲЪŰɣⳡȻѪһЩҲҴʹˡ
ڣжϲصǡ
ϵ۵ͷ֪ĸ󡣡
̫תȥ̫Ҳ˵ϣȥˣ纮ЩЪŰɡ
̫
̫
ľ޺ϵϵ۱ľ޻ȥˡ
кܿɨæµһϲŰϵ۶Ϣϳȥˡ
̫ӣϵȴû
أ
ϣҹΧͼ˺Сӣʱϵȴˣʱˡ
̫Ȼ
ϵʣǶʲô£
ʱ¡
š
ϵ۴ӳڼȥ˻
ʱ̫ҲѾӵϢˡ
ϵ۽Ż̫תȥæ˹ȥϡ
̫ġ
ϵæ˵ס̫֣̫Цĺοϣɽ׵òΣҳӳҵηǣҲΪ˴˵飬οҲصǱܲסʲôû
ϵ۵ͷлл̫£ˣȥ֪̫Ը޳
֮ã̫˲Щ궪ʧӣȴˡ
(δ)

һʮ ٽ

Σ岢ûкö٣ﶼѪȡ
ϵۺͻ̫˸һ̫Ϳˡ
ţϵ밲ȴ
ܸҽϵæһҵùҽڣֻشѶ˻ҪˣʱѾ֪ˡ
ϵʹ˹ҽһЩ˵иķ飬ϵҪһ棬ȴûҼˡ
ʵǷﲻϳֻ˵ûҼ
̫ŶһᣬϵҪȥҲòŻȥǧ򽻴һҪúţת뿪
˼죬ʹˡ
ϳ౾Ҫϲһ壬췴˾档
ϵ׼˶౾ӹǲУ͸̧ߣ涼˵˲˫ȷˡ
׼׸ϵʱ򣬱̫ס
Ѷף˹ȥ
̶̰֮£̫һ׳죬ķ裬׸޲ɱľ̫
ǰڹߺİ£ڰ
ӵɸ봫ĹҲѾ˱߹ء
ƿһֽʣ̫Ҫ
ֽյˡ
ǵ֮ţҪΪñ壬һڣܽΣ֮ˡ
嵭ȻһЦ̾Ϣһʥһ֮أ
ĪںЦﳼ

Ʊˡ
ɡ
ƿſڣԼ¿ӭƸŹȥ
Ȼ¿˵ʲô˵ˣλˡ
¿ݺ޹ޣǾӣǴ˴ĸ
ܣĪҪ𡣡æ˵
ƴʱŷ֣վһ´ŮӣŮһɫףݾٰߣһβɫͷһɫŮ
ʱ΢΢ͷעŵ棬ȵӣð΢΢˵иСŮһֱߣڱ߹ر߹أССѾˡ
ӦþǴˡ
С
ƵԺﾹȻԭһЩӿһСŮɫףųìƲָҪΡ
ŵú޲ܿ
ڱ֣ҽųìŮì
ʱԭСŮС岻ʮꡣ
ǲǵһεļ棬ԭ͹ĵһμ档
ƲĿߵĹ壬ԭԭΪŻϲ塣
ƵҲ֪ɡ

ܿ
ôʱ򣬰ƾȻᣬоۿʪˣ̧𾪡
ƿһָᣬȥ塣
岢ûʲôо˰ƿΣʲô˼
תȥֵŮӣͬл顣
ԭļһμ˵Ҫ޸Ļ
飿
Ǹ֣ôôùǿĶ֣ƯҲˣǸٽݻôǿⲻү⿪Цô
ŶѺʲôͷСŮ˵СŮ飬飬
ߵƺ͹ǰͷ񣺡ְ飬
𡣡æŲǵƻͷһ۹壬ˡ
ˣ̧ͷ壬һҲһ£Żع񣬰Ƶ˲ģ˰Ȼʲôʡ͵ĵƣ˵ƯŮҲϲϲŶã͸ƨƵģԴȥˡ
һһŰѹߵĺȥһӻز
ƳŹ˼Ȼò绨ϲ֪˼ˣ
ȻһصʵĿƣŵĿֱڡ
˼ŮӵĻ²˵زˡæ
ƿ֣Ҽүģֻǡ
˵£߰ɡ
ŵֱðոձɫȷʵˡ
ŰƵ֣屻ŵû겻ᣬҪһģŰƾߣȫȻˡ
ŭҪǲǣ
˸˽ǡ
һˣΪ˽ӷ硣
һֱܿ׵Ķˣ겻һ죬Ϣľ͸Ŵ˵ҪϢȥҰơ
žͿڶžӿȥվں汧סƣ˵үˣǸһ˯Ҳǰ취ˣ檰ɡ
ҿСŮͺʡ
ЦĽӲðˣϲ檣ϲһ˯ƾͱűˣ
ƵЦ˫۾ȴɱķĹۡ
(δ)

һʮ 

үȥһ̫ǿưԵˣ˼ҿɶ檣ôίԼҲãǡ
ƤЦⲻЦĿŵùæų壺ȷʵʧˣûʲô˼ֻǿȷʵš
һʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ŭӹ壺Ȼûģ˵˭Ҳϲ
ƣģ¿ɼаģǴú
һ棬ҲĿ˱ŮˣҲûʲôˣҪͲú
˾ŵӣһ°ƣơ
һȥֱӰѹƿһȥ
岻ҶҲֿߵ
ˤڵϣҲûˣֱ/ϢȥˣӵҪ/ŭ𣺡𿪣
͸СǹһվڵصߣһһΡ
Ϊˣ/ûжþ˯ˡ
Ȱ˯ţ㿪ʼ·ˣΪȥŰ˯ŵʱ˯һȾһȥƾˣ۾һ߹ȥѹߵ˵ϣûվȣֱˤ˵ϡ
Ҫ/Ƹŵò᣺Ҫٳ˯/Сͱϣɲ顣
æ˵Ҳȥˣɡ
˵깬ȥǱ£˯
ƿһṬ壬ǲ˳ۣϱӣ˯ȥˡ
ϣͿ忿ϣĿϢһ°ɫĳһͭɫĿŵүģȻǲͬ
ϢʱҲ/
ףȴһ⣬˰ݡ
ƿһᣬһ
תȥϴˣƵ۾Ǳߣûء
˹ȥƸ
δðƲʹ죬Ҵźţϴˮͺվüʸ͹ȥƻ·ư·ϣͲ
ʰ׵תȥ棬Σûϴˡ
ƽʱ໥æģūˣ
ƲŲô࣬žʹԹԵȥ緹ˡ
ճŰƾͿվſڵĻ顣
һ£ȷʵǸȵŮӣϲһŮӣοǹˡ
еǰ֮˽ֹ֮ϲ
뵽ЩʮƣˣϲͲԡ
ƴ飬鴩һɫĽԵü򵥣ԼŸ߸ߵβ
ȻȴǸԵˡ
˵ĸоָȵˡ
μ
˫ֱȭưѹŭһˣ˾֮·˽֪
Ż飬̫˵Ļ˵Ȼʺϲ̫
ʱֻеǶˡ
ٽؿôٽˣʲô飿ƵȻʡ
ش𣺡緹îʱԣҪѵٳٲ
ҲǸֱӺˬˣ׾˵Ĺض࣬ԽҲû˭ˣҪǷԵˣҪǲǸɵӡ
ҹҹϢîʱ緹
ݲˣսѵûУΪҪ׼̵飬Ҫ񣬶ҲľîʱֻŵĻʱ䡣
Ҳй涨ģ緹̫磬ҲҪ磬ҲҪ磬ʿϻмУϢã޷Ĵ̡
ɼһǺŪ˵ģĿĶ
үҹû˯ãЩˣͷٽæһ¡
ˣ緹ֻˣ˶ѾùţȥӪˡ
ˣС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
ҵ飬ǵ֮
մĹжҵŮҲҪ޸ϻģǾӲͶΪ˼һѾ½˼ˣյĻ˼Ҳɰ
ϵ۵϶˵Ҳֵˡ

ĺˣ
ǲ˼һٽƵȻ
˵أ
棬ٽү£üʡ
鵭Ȼи֮롣
ٽ˵ƴ˿ɽ
ҿɲͨˣҪִҪ޸壬̵ûʲô취ܾˡ
˵޸үϣȫ
ĿһȻˡ
Ŀӣʹ˼ʹҲϲٽҲȷʵ˵ˣҪΪүѰ£ҹүҲ˴£ԸӦ
±ʱӦˣүǱߣֻҪүӦˣϣӭȢٽš
лȫܸˣſ档
֪ǲǿԺ̸̸
ȻԣùţǻҪȥӪҸү˵ɡʮֲˬô죿
˼бۣܲȥ
־͹֣˲˭
(δ)

һʮ ھ 

ţ鸡ꡣ
ȥ·溰ƣơ
תȥŹϣү
·ŪãŪŪʱȷʵŪãԽŪԽ
ǸԹһȥǰ·
ҲĶŰƣˤˣҪֻŰƵ
˻࣬˵Ҳ˵ġ
Ҫߣ˫ֱŰƣĿ䣬ȻԹԣҲ֪ҲȲѡ
廹ǵͷһ°ƣŤɿȥһߣЩί
§סƣͷڰƵĶС˵ƵˣƵĹǱƣ㲻Ҫ
Ťͷ壬ЦЦ°ƣ뿪ŰȥſڣƸŹȥҲЩСˣֻϲֲǻ
ʰ˸飬ƸŹţ⻪ſڡ
˻æ񣺡
ٽˣˣѾ˵ˣֱ˯ˣٽ£
鲻ҡ
̧ͷ壬ˣžͰͷˡ
Ŀһߵİƣȥ
ƱţĻһ£ʱ򷴵ûǼ˹ȥ
Ҳûжˣܸо鲢û
ãѾ׼ˣڱ߹ûоôݳޣһͷ
¹㿪ʼԷûʲôӣʲôԣ߹ؽʿԵͳԣǲԣҲ˵ʲôԵҲܻ
ϸ۲찲ƣƵǸܳԿ࣬ʵˡ
һ鼦ȸƣ·ûʲôóԵģԵ⣬ûȥʱˡ
Ц˵߹ȷʵЩʳЩѾóˣƽʱҲࡣ
忴ۻ飺ٽҲԵ㣬ᾡӳＯ͵߹أʳѷ飬ýʿǿԶһЩ⡣
Щʱģи߰ʱ̬ǲһģʱǫʱ̬ƽ׽ˡ
˵Ӹ㣬Ѿǰ˺ܶ࣬ǰ꣬ʿҪҰˣõļ꣬ⶼĹ͡
Դʼӹʡ볯Ϊٿʼÿ߹ؽʿܵõһЩӲͻؼвԡ
սʿǶܳݾر˵޵ٽٽΪٽı
ЩԲȥǹ⣬֮˲Ҳ顣
һƣ⡣
°ƳԲԵġ
ϧڳҪְ޷ʿһսɳ߹ֻܽٽػˡ
˵꿴ƣⰲû⣬ߴԷ˷ҪȥӪ
š
ųԷ֮˵һ仰˵ϡ
ʼһֱڹߣҲڹߣƺȻһоΪҲ˵̫ˡ
ӪǼʿ۲˲ʼձߣвŰƵ֣ȥ
ǸһߣͬС
Щ˿ʼ˵Ӧü޸壬Ҳѻ鰮Ľ꣬˵䲻Ϲ壬˵Ұñɵֶμ޸壬ȻԲȢ
Щܿ촫˰ƵĶУȻҲˡ
Ͱ׼Ϣʱ򣬻ҹ壬Ҫ̸̸
˵岻ʣѾˣûߣš
ſڿļſڵĻ飬תŴϵĹ壬ȥ¿塣
岢ͣҲڻĺܸߣھܾ˻飬ͻᶯҡģα߹ؿսѾжʱ䣬鲻ֹһսȻӢսȴ޷滪λãֻ
˵ɾսǧ˳ᢡ
һŮӣȫ˵ľһŮӣ
֪ҪסģΪҪǴ̡
ǧ㣬¶һ顣
Ը
Ҳ˾ġ
Ҳֻܼװˡ
ݷֻóȥǣȻ¶ˡ
Ƴţݺ޹ѾȺˣݱȽϾнǰ
޹ֻǺƽĽ˰
˵ү岻ˮ£
սѾķһЩʱգ̹ǹ֪ûʲô취չ̹ǡ
˵ѣλӦöΪ¶ģô¿ߣүҲǵһ
ѻҲˡ
˵Һ޹Ȼȥˣ
ٽ룬Ϊ˽¡

޹üȻģ
ھƣ
(δ)

һʮ п

޹иˣ鿴ƣǰ˵Ҫ̸̸֪㣿
Ҫ˵Ҳ᲻Ҫ˵ȷʵ㣬ΪҪرٽֻڴϼװƲڱҲΡ
΢΢ʧ񣬷˵Ϊβϲң֪֪֪
ҡͷҲ֪㻹ǽȥɡ
ȥ棬ѹˡ
æűȭллȫ
˰ƣܼķţƿ˽ȥǺԥġ
۵鹬˵ſš
һ£תһţû˵ʲôƿˡ

ԸӰ뿪ȥơ
۲һ¹壬Źȥһٽĳߵǰͣ¡
ֻ׵ĵطɫ䣬վȥһߵǰϣ˵ɡ
ߵĶ棬ˡ
үҲôǸˬˣھӪйأѧĶкӵĺˬ
ҡͷܺá
Ϊʲôүϲң
ûвϲֻǲϲҲϲϲܶˣĸ󣬻ϣ̫Ҳ
ǲһڱԣٽǿɳĮһ使ĵĻ
ɳĮ嫣ȴҲߣĮпһ使ĵĻôһΪ֮̾
⻨ڻĮУȻ壬ȥԭ
ֻԶۣɽֲժ
οﱧһأ
һ£˵ƲĵŮӣҲģȣˣǱһܿķ羰
ϣǵ˵ƤǧƪһɣȤһ
ţһǸˡ
Ӧһʱ򣬾Ӧһһһ˫ˣȢŮӡ
磬е˴ڡ
գٽЦŻˣҪȢ˯óԲ£Ϊ˱
գٽʱ򣬵ǿһ⣬ĮУô޵Ůӡ
ºܺڣƺγǻĮеһ⣬ˣˡ
үҺǰͰĽˣʱֻ꣬Ǹӣһ꣬ѵ˵㲻ǵˣ
嵹ˣתŻ飬Ŭ룬Ȼˡ
ǸСѾͷ
ͷʱү˵үҲޡ
ٽⲻǿЦ飬޶Ȣ㡣Ȼܾ
ҡͷȥſ˵ǿԺͻģΪҵٽĸԸү檣ʵүǲԸ⣬Ҳǲܾܾġ
ĲУɫһЦһͲ˵ˣһ˦˳ȥ
ļ߳ȥ뿪Ĺ壬뿪ڽס壬ߵ̫죬գ˾Ͳˡ
ƴסȥ˳ҲԶ·ҲҪԶĲǺγ׼һЩֲѣڱ߹ش̫á
Ƶ˼Ͽʼй䣬İĲǺܺãĲãԵĲãβûеط˲֪˵Ҫˣö̼Ҷˡ
ûǮûλû취뿪ֻֻ֮
䣬ׯҲãʳգԲůҲˣֻҰˣûʲôطŪԵģ͵ץ㣬ץ䣬ˣûطֻܵ
ƿʮˣһ߿һ߰Ѽе·ó׼Եġ
ô
˶ûǮԲϷ˭ʳóȼñˣ
ûׯѯһԵˣ˵ͷ
ǰһңǻׯ˵Ǿ˿ģǻǮׯׯׯ
˵Ƕ֪һ£ͷһ۸ˡ
ׯȥ˺ܿ챳ߣѾûˣɱ˴ߡ
һ·ŵǱȥߵׯǰժϵӸ˻ƣһŵһ£֪Ǿˣ˿ҵת˻ȥ
ƹ۲죬ỹȻׯӶˡ
˵ˣǸ˲ţδѡ
ܿƹĴ˫ӳˣƹ£˫ְӸȥӲŽȥ
ƹæдƣȸǸ˿
캮ضǸðͷףϺȺθѪж
ûҩ̣
ƿʣƹæ˵ҩбţҩûˡ
ô£Ʋطôģ
(δ)

һʮ ҹ

ƹһŻˣæŹ棺ԴӴҪ̿ʼٵҩӾ͹Ŵˣ֮ǰûаҩߣǵͼׯׯׯ߹ҪеӼǵˣû˰
Ƕˣûãֻˡ
ô˵ǮˣûǮĶڵ
ƹʵش
£ҿҩ㣬ȸץҪҩУŪЩԵĸ
˸мֱޣƿ˲ѯжʳͳԴöȣԵһ£㹻ߵҡ
ƾûҲûС
ǹûʳѯʡ
ƹ¶ɫУǵʳܶ࣬ǳʳģǲܸǡ
δءƾÿԡ
ƹǲκεϣҲûж˿Ǹ˽磬ȻȥҴҲ㣬վ㣬ҪŵùңҲһˣҲǸҿԸβʱһа취ŪҩģԹڵûȥ
ŵùŵù
Ǹ˵ͷƵͷƹĽ˼䣬뿪ˡ
ƻȥѾڳˣƿǺܲ뵽ϲ飬ͺܲá
ѾʱˣĿĵңõϢѾˣûȥҡ
ߵǰڻүôó
帺Ƹɵĺ£˶ţ㵹ǺãѱͣôȢôŮˣǵù
ûشŹ壬ŭѰϻȥһ٣̵˼֡
ʲôû
ƿˡ
һסƣҪ˦Ȼͣתֺ׵֣ȥ춳ˣŷֹ崩¾ͳˣûпƤûš
ô·ˣô죬ﰤ·
࿴ŰƣƣųˣȲƣôܻȥ
ĿһᣬŹߡ
͸һ鱦ں̿ĸš
صס׼ˮȸԡҪΪһݣȥȥ
ݺóƸֽŴˡ
СȲЩ߹صĽʿҲһ㡣
С
ĸƷţɺúҪŰƱڻ;úܲ
̾Ϣүû뵽ȥȢô
֮ģ¿ɼƿűǣҪǱűȥȢһͷײ
ˣҪײ
Щǰѱ߹ߵ˵ˡ
Լ뷨һ£ǾȥҪȥ̣δӦսơ
š
ϣƻһ·ͳţ緹ԣҲҪȥˡ
߰Ƹ˶࣬ӡ
ƣ⼸տ϶ͻһ𣬵Ѿ˵ˣ㾡ܷģԲƵ顣
ƣ㲻ܱ޲߱
°ᣬҲ֪¡
İɣҼȻͨˣͲһҪһˣȻ֮үصġ
۾ɴʲô˼żͳȥô
żȥ£תˣ廹˵ʲôѾˡ
ˣʵҲЩûйȥ顣
ãڻǰֻԽԽҪ顣
οĸ飬һֵ
͵ǶԹĿˡ
뿪뿪ߵʣȥʲôˣ
Ǵȥ˿ˡ
ȥտ黹ЩţƵϾãڱ߹˭֪Ļ
Ȼô󣬺ͰദоǸˣûдԵá
š
ת뿪鿴һ۰뿪ķڣ֪ûл᣿
ƺ͹·ȥտȥ̹ǵ顣
ׯׯǰ˶ʮˣеģЩԵأ촩Ļ·ǿ
ϷԸ˼ˣȽ˽ţȥãƹѾհƵķԸҩĶᵽߵĺԺ
ĴȻˣԼҩĴȴһֱڣʮңҲùˡ
˹ееĸץҩеĸҩеտˣԺ滹׼˴λǱ߻󷹡
ׯĺ棬ܿͳһС͵ҽԺ
˵߿˹Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬ɴͲˡ
˶ʲôˣƾ͸˵ǰ
Ҷ֪ׯи򣬼ΪǴˡ
һƿʮˣߵĶˣ࣬˺
ûôʳҪϸˮֻܸǿա
Ҫ취ģŪʳ
(δ)

һʮ ȵץӸ

ߵĲˣм֢ߣ׼ǿԲܳԷ
Ƕֻº˼빤
һϴүǱϢ⣬ҪǲʹȻۣǰ¾ܺãʱչ㣬صġ
ҾҪԵ㶫ǶԶôҳԣұĶöˣҲʲôҺ£
ͷӲϣҲûбİ취
Ƽ˵˼빤
ûҲǾҪԵĶֻøǳԶ
һʮһĺϣƶ˵ˡ
Скúˣ˵ʮһ꣬ҲͰ˾ӡ
ӵϳһƶľ鿴һѰ档
ֳʵϸ׳£һЩγף׾һشİһһӽһһŵġ
ֲˮˮ⣬ʳкܴĹϵ
ƿСк˵Ҹ˵һЩӵô
Скųƣš
Ʋ⣺Ϊʲôأ
СкͷҼסںԶĵطҵţ٣ҸҵţҵĶӾô󡣡
СкȻһϵĴС˵ˣʱ۾Ӻܴ󣬺ǵүү˵ҵǶгӣӾǶӣǴţϴҵġ
ˣ֮ҵȾ͹һǸүү˵Ҳҵһ˳ӣҵһҲ
Һ£ۣ
Ск˵ſڵС˫ۣƵˡ
طܶţô֡
СкҡͷǸԭˣҼڸԭҵҺ²ڼסҾ˳Ҿ͵Ҫ
ԭ߰ǹôƸˣСкҡҡͷ˲ᡣ
ǴǹǱģҴǹҪģҵǹʱ꣬һꡣ
ô˵ǹꣿ
š
Ƶͷ֪ˣҵĻԸҰĳŪô
СкŰƿ˰죺ô
ǻģ϶ܰסۣܱ˵ĺãʱһܺ£
š
Ск̲סͷɫܰףƿĳܺ¡
ҪҪԷ
Գһ㣬Ҫú˯һҾ͸

СкӦˣʵǺġ
뵽СӵĵӴҲ֡
Ϊţη
׼˵ԵĸСкСкӳƸ˵ԣ˵ܳԵ̫ࡣ
Скܾûˣæŵͷ
Скʼ˵˵˵Ск˯ˡ
ҩ䣬Ǽ˵ǰСкʼǴҩи
СĸСкңСкİ泤ϵļ棬ǳĸʲôطǾˡ
˵ִҲѴЩˣֻܵ
û֪ɫĳ͸ðʲôо
ƴˣСк棬һȭͷС񣬿ȥܿ¡
Сķŵһߣ˶ŻˣĸСкãϣҩ
ðȥϴ֣ƸСк롣
Χ˿ķƾһϢ
Скʱˣ۾Ҫ´ԼȰţȴûԭȵĴ
ҵȣ
۾Ѿ˯ŵʱǸȡˣûгˣҪûտˮⲻҪԡ
ߣ
Ҫߣûµġ
ѾɨˣСкܸɾûİ档
СкЦˣȻۣ̲סЦ
ҲЦˣߵһָָİ档
ĶҸ㿴ʲô
ƺ׼һЩγҲ࣬ףùп򣬴򿪺һİ浰Ӳ࣬ɫѿĶһһֲš
СкŵòУʰһ£ŵһܽڴ棬ȥûˡ
ˣϢҲˣȻȥϢ绹Ҫ
ˣ¼˿ˡ
˶ڿСк˯ſʼࡣ
Ȱ˯ѵʱ˶ǣһİֻһ±ʩᣬǲܵġ
ۼΪʵǾˡ
һһ̫ۣҪˣһῼȸ˭ҲԼһ°ɡ
ȥСкСкܼǿޣ˵һ㶼ۡ
ưһСкĲ˿˺ܶ࣬һҹˣƲŹš
ŲҪӺͰ࣬Ҳ࣬ׯǰġ
ƿ꣬ȷӣ˰Ӿˡ
𿴲ʱԱҪ
۵ҪطªûиϴĵطҲ࣬ͷ˯
ʱ͵ȵץӸˣ
(δ)

һʮ ٰҲϳ

һ찲ûǿ⣬̫ˣСкزû
ڷȥææŴ̹ǵ顣
죬Ѿʼ̹ǡ
һ죬ûдȥִ򣬻ûȥ
֪ԽʱԽǲи
ǸŮˣĶ
ȥȵʱųǡ
ŵΪ˼ֻȥſ
ߵſŴ򿪹˽źһϣԵеˣԶ㡣
󼸵Ӱ˲ʧҲ˴ϡ
Ϩ֣ƱŹʣôˣⶼˣ
˯š
Ҳ߶ʮһ˴ϰýϡ
ƽˣۻңû˰æҲܲסˡ
㿪һҴҩ̣ǲǴ̣Ҫġ
˰ѱӳϣŻŮףЩδ
ջҪߣʿǶˣںܹؼҪһٹ̹ǣ鷳
үСһЩﲻ¡
š
˺ܿϢѾûˡ
֪ȥ̹ǣȥæ顣
ׯһķӣսҵʱ򣬷ӺܱˣЩ˺޲øǮ
ƷսҵĵطӶûϡˡ
и˸һӸͰѷӸƹġ
Ƹɴ˲ٵӣͨʵҽԺ
һֱҪһҽԺû뵽ھǺѰ飬˱߹ؾȻ׾ٵľˡ
Ϊյ򣬰ѡһЩԸµˣѡˣһЩҽǿ»ҩץҩ
ÿһЩӺͳס
һ찲ֿһٶˣǸسǴСĵطҪٴ󣬰ƾҪˡ
æһ죬Ƶͷ˯̵ϣҲһɶ
˯˿죬ڽϺ̹Ͷˣˣ
ƿ棬ʱȥ˿ϵ˸߲ңڲǹṥˣˮǴߣˡ
ԭȵķȫ˻ҲʼؾصĹˡ
ƵĲ˿ʼ٣ʳʼղ
߰첻ƹѾˣôַȥҪġ
׼취ŪЩʳ
ٹˣóİպúù꣬Ҳ˳취ʱܸʲô
ܲǰ취Ǵβˣȴܲʳ
СкõĲˣ·ˣܸŰơ
ƾãˣˡ
ܴŸӡ
־ÿ
֪ǹʳôŵʱһ߿Скͷһʡ
СкӹĹĵģͷ֪һ֪̹˭У˭еǮׯ֣ǵʳĶùˡ
ôƺЦȥأ
š
СкͷСкͷϽȥ̹һˡ
˼ˣƳҹڽ̹ǣսȥ͸˸š
崩һط߸Ż飬һ䣬ΧİնҲܾأǹûɱӶᣬҪ͸ȥģҳŵֻҪ̹ǵİգҲȷʵ֤һ㡣
̹ǵˣƽʱֻɴľӽӹߡ
ǻҾƼҾǼľӣǲɱӶᣬʲôʲôӣ
һȻֻһʱ䣬ĽʿѾ͸˽ȥһ㰲ƽʱѾоˡ
û˽ֻǴСкΪ˲˷֣ˣźӼٰһԽлĸӣġ
û뵽սͱ巢ˣʱƵǲӣֻСк㵽˰Ƶ
ûµģľҪ£Ск˵ǵˣСؤƾ͸Ȣ˸֡
ľڰƵ󲻸ҳǺ¹塣
ߵߣͣ²СкŰݹƽ
Уû°ɣ
šƹѹ
ûϳƣʹ壺үʶ
ţ嵭Ȼ
Ҳû˵ʲôá
ʣҪҪȥ
ˣȥɡ
鿴һ۰ƣתȥһӢˬӡ
ͷƾЩơ
Լˣƾʲô˵ǡ
Զ忴۰Скľ
šľһ˻ȥ
ƿ˿Χ
˵갲ŰľߣӺ˹ȥ
(δ)

һʮ ջС

ľŰ˺Զ̹ҪǱߴһЩ߿϶ҪһЩ
ǵһԺӵ棬ľָָĺԺиҽȥһҿһ˴ӾȥˣҺܺ棬͸ȥ˿ûˣΪǸˣҾæˣһʱ䣬Ǹ˴ӽֿǸˣҺ־͸ˣĴү
ϲȥǿڿݾ棬ȥʱϣһҾһߵţͳˡ
Ҿȥӣھ棬ҺòײȥеտиͨҾǴͨȥġ
˺ܳһΣܿһطһЩʳ֮ܶණ
ľΪʲô㲻õ㣿ľͷľæҡͷ
ҲҪҵ˵Ҳȥ͵ȥֻǺȥҵҲҪ
ľԡҪҲȥ͵
ƿ˿ŴԺд˼֡
ǸŸۡ
ʣү
Ƶ棺ǴӺԺȥ
Űľ˵˺ԺһһֱȥˣľŵòУҿںƱŵ뺰ǿסûҪ¶ˡ
ʱԺûˣƹˣǮ˾һ̵ľµҪʲôǮƶ²ܡ
䵽ԺΧ鿴һ
Ѳ飬֪бʮѹֹһ۾ϳˡ
б˿ʼ飬ȷԺûˣߵڳ濴һ̧ۣ֣һӣԣȷŽȥ
û˺塣⽻
ľЩѹæ˵ûƭˡ
ϰû˵ƭˣ⻧˼ҶˣǰҪĲ˺ܶණ˵ûܶԶ棬ȥʱҪСġ
ľ죬Ŷһ
忴۰ƣʾȥ
˿ȥܿ
һͨûˣǻҪȥ
ţȥɡȥ˼ˣţ˺ܿкܶʳǲǷùģǺõʳкܶĽ鱦
嵱ϣҪ˿ת鱦ֵһЩְйæתƵǴıسǡ
ƹ񣬰Ѷŵ˵Ǯׯ档
ͭǽڣˮ֣ƹҲԼˣܿɿˡ
±ȽѰ죬Ҫ˶Ŀ°ҹû˷֣֮㣬ܿͰ¡
æµһϣ峿ʳȫ˻سǡ
ʳƹܸˣƷʳ
ľ˵̹ﻹ߼ңҶǮĸ
ƾ͸˱һ԰ľĿ࿴
嵹Ǿãү
˵ûİһۡ
һЦ˸£Ҫʤ׷ҪƵ½ץסУһҲôˣҾҪ뿪ڳʱƣʳӵͽˣΪڣƱԼ
֪ˣүȥɡ
׼׵תߡ
£Ҫȥǹ
ȥ֮ǰѾİȫסҪ֪İ̹ʳͲƱŪߣҪ˶Ŀ
Ͱǰĸպʱ򣬼ϰæʳ鱦졣
ư˿ַϰ鱦ʳ
һ£Ȼǧӣ鱦ڣʳŲ£ѻɽ
Ҳ𾪣û뵽ô׵ĵõʳ
˸뷨ǹʳȫǹЩָ̼ˡ
ҲôΪ˵뷨ֱǲıϡ
þŸ塣
ʱѾ򵽵ڶǳˣǹĻɢԭΪʮѹԺɨʮ֮Ů˵˺ܶգյǮƺʳ̶µʱ䣬ǳضԹص
෴ĽʿˣȴģһߵͿɼ
޷ӣ˭ҵǲں
̹ǻָյӣǹĵڶǳҲĻζ֮Уһƣǿǻкӹ
෴Щ̼ǣþԲܣǴľӹôãҲԲƴйİգܵĶǮˣµĶա
ǰϣѾڽڰ˵Ƶ½
գһϮɫսףͷϻһǹ
Χߣֱǻݷޡ
󣬻¿Ѻ
Ƶ½˳ս޹ҪȥסǽŮӣֱֱû⣬սϣֻɱô򵥣üı
޹ͷСģ
ã
ݽͷ󣬴һ˳ȥ
ܿ
(δ)

ٶʮ Ǿҽ

һ죬ǹԱ󽫣Ǵߣǳȥ˼ˡ
Ϣһ죬һ¾밲ˣⰦ̾Ϣ
˵ʲôˣ
ҡ
Ҳ˯ţԴӼ˹˧ӣҲ̲סȥϲˡ
ѵýԲ֮ҹ˯ţҪ͹˵˵
˵ٽȥɣˣҪϢ
үҺϲүԸүһʦѣүѵһ㶼ңҲǵһΣʢҲʱ򣬾ͱȷԹ塣
ϲ壬ʵϲ
ȥɣˣڲúϢռǹĳǳء
岻ϼ飬վ˺ܾãʧĻȥˡ
ҲһҹûúϢƣƴҲû˼
ߴãʮοιѵһЩ˳
ϣӺ鱦Ҳҵ˰ȫĵطغãʣµʳԵļ۸գΪҪʳʳҪ׬Ǯ
ش㽨һҹޱٳɱ˵ܴ͵ı߹ȥ˸ɻ׬ӣʳ裬Ȼӡ
ƾֻҪʱ䣬ûˡ
һнͣǴһεĴȥҹ塣
ȻڲǾܾʱǾʱĺˣһȥ͹棬Դ˭ã
ӵϢͷһۣս²ȥͷˡ
˲泩Ƶ¶һĨЦ
һٶ׵ľ룬Ƶ½˸顣
ձˡ
ת˫ȼһӣ缲˳ȥ
ԶԶĿţھӪſڣǵһģһӣƾߡ
ŵã㡭
Ͳ屧һֲ·ɴģİƲ֣Ѱżģ¸˿
ȴô룬Ϳ
˳οһ¾ǰѰƴ˳ҪѰƴܻȥ
ûзֿͲֿ֪ζһҲΪ̶û
²æſһΧûʲôˡ
ſڹĻﾡ˿
ǰ˱˻ȥֱ/Ʊ㿪ġ
սף⿪ϵ·ȥѰ˹ȥƱƵ棬ֻôˡ
˻ҲѾ°ˡ
ȻδܹǱûеĺá
Ƽææ·ãûһ۹壬һӡ
ҩ䣬ϾҪȥߵߣסƵ֣סӪ⻪үô
һ۰ƣַſȥϴ֣űҩû뿪
ɡ
ƿʵţһ£û뵽ﻹˡ
ƻ֣ʲôˣ
ѹװܽţְľҽԶݣҪչ˵Ҫÿơ
ôˣ鸴ӣһ˿˿ĸˡ
һʱҲûƵӡ
ʲô
ҽаСӵӻ˵˸֡
ȥүл˵
ǡ
鷢ʩƾҪȥ˼סȻɣȻҪͱȥˣڱϢ
ƵȻҪģӦʣȥһվš
鲻ת壺үôǴӪʲס
ûʲôףֻҪԸͺãٽʲôҪ
ʲôŹȥүոշʲô飬㼱Ÿϻ
СˣҲŻٽЦˡ
ƾᣬʲô˼
Ҫô
鿴һ۰ƣ壺үǾӪǾӪɻЩүǲҪСھ֮С
ӪоҽԺȥǱߵĺá
ȥһãȥֵط
ƵͷҲ˵鿴ưװ׾ľͲһˣñŮ˶ÿͽ˲
үǾɣү׼ԷˣԷɡ͹һԷ
ˣһ˰ѷСһԡĿһ۰ơ
û취ֻתȳȥ
Ȼ˰ƲŸ̧ͷûһ۹壬ȣЩˡ
ߵһ߰£ȥ࣬ʵˣ
ЩƲ⣺ΪʲôС
עһЩ
үлᣬΪˣƿĳǹġ
ЦǾᣬϲڵӡ
Ƶ°ͣȻݵĲˣϢûı䣬Ǻϲ
ᡣ֣һ¡
ǰûУǷˣ
(δ)

ٶʮһ ʿ

ƺ͹˵һİţѰľڱĵطиЩ˴ţڰ䡣
ƽʱٰɰգһƳǳأƾͺǻϣǳѰҰľ˵Щ˼ҡ
ľǹ꣬߱˴ϱΪֵԣľȥ˼ҵǽתƣʼȷʵ
Ϊ˼ҵԺ棬һЩԵĳȷʣˣù·С
ľһĺӣûбʹؤһ֣òʲôˣǳԲůʱΪһͷ⵽
Щû˿ľľҪ취š
̫Сˣʲôᣬ֪Էһڴ˼ҵһͷԱˣһ·
һֱţǸӣ˸ͳԵġ
ľרŵ˼Χȥֵϰߡ
ʱ´꣬ûط꣬ڴ˼ҺĹȥҸܱꡣ
˭Ǯ˭ûǮľ֪
²ʳ飬ľ֪˼Ҳࡣ
˴εķ֣˹ʺˡ
ľ˵ʳҵˣ֮ѱ̹ϣھʳĲƱ
ǹܲǷҪǹľǲС
ưԼİ˵ˣ˵үֲҴ±ҪܣҴ취ѻҪǷڣŪһ֧УξרŸ¡
Уξ֣ʺ棬û˵
ƽͣУξѾãʼʱڵ۲ܲ٣ܲ齨һ֧飬רڷؾĹһЩķĹŪ鱦
ЩˣУξ
УξһְǾְλ
֪ܸȤ֪飬彲Ҳϸ¡
˵ô˵ƴר齨һ֧УξˣҪרʳʹ˼ҲŵЩ
ûǿǱ̰ҪܰǼĶ˻ȥǾˣʳ
ԼҪˣðɣȫһҲܾصİա
ţүİϵô
ˣһЩ
Ҫô
Ҫ¾ߣҪĻҲû취
˱˻ԡ
ƺЦ
嵹˵û뵽ǹֵ̼˱뺷ȻѶ˵£һԱ˶Ŀǿˣ˭֪ǰѶ/棬ߣҲ굽ȥͨף˷ˮ˵´꣬Ƿˮû취ˡ
ǹЩˣʱˣȵʱ򣬼ӵյĲƸ
װƣ̾Ϣϧ㲻㣬ү
ôǱ˱ˣ
ôǣЩүóôü
û˵үǲѾˣʼЩˣ
ƼȻֺ֪αҪʣ
ү͵ʲôطȥˣƵǲϡЩǮǺöǧˣǾҪˡ
û˵˳ӣ˯ɡ
ģү˯ɣȡ
˯
ȥǿӲİ§ڻֻŹ˯
̫ۣ£һݣϾ˯ˡ
忴һſڣѾΧúˡ
˯Ѿ죬Ƹоϵ˶ˣ
ã׼š
Ҳİ·ãҪȥ
Ҫȥȡ
үСģ
ƶˣûж˵
һᰲƣĿӰɺƽǰ̧סƵ°ͣϲƵġ
ס֣ҲϲڼȣҲһȡ
ЦȥΣյ飬ƣһ£׷Ī
ƲΪȻˣүȥء
ÿתš
ƵȹˣתȥϢ
Ӫ䣬ƿûı£һ϶ûôú˯
ûԣҲ
ϰ˯һᣬ첻ͽˡ
ƹ·ֱ˱ѡ
ʣˣ
š
ûôϢûþ˯ˡ
һᣬˡ
·ţʣүҪǳأʿǶڵү
ƿһ۹壬ȥ߻飬״̬ãܲȥ
ƫƫӴˣһߴ·һߴӦ飺֪ˣȥ
һᣬתˡ
Щģô
Ҳ̣ȥûģǹؼȥʿڣӪ治Ҫߣ¡
彻ת뿪
ƿˣһȥϢһᣬҲû˯ã˵ϻҪŹҹս
(δ)

ٶʮ ʦ

/ûþ֣ſˡ
˳ȥһЩһţҾҽ
ץһʣôˣ
ˣҪȥʿˡʿҾҽټľӪҽȴԲ㣬ҽʿһˣҪҽӪܣҽӪһˣԸһʮľӪʵЩֲ㡣
ƽ͸ȥˣС˸Űơ
˾ҽӪƽžȥæ˶ҳһţ󲿷ֵ˲ǵˣǹˣҲ֫ˤġ
ƿһ˺УæܹȥסԷ˿Ǳȡ
׼һʹѵͷӴ澫ӵ˽ֱǰˣ˿һɱ˵ĴȸˣΧ˺ϰˣվһߵһαβŻ
˺ܿ촦ãֵǱȵˣû۵ĺУʱ˯ˡ
ڷͷŭʲôʱģɵվŸʲôϰ
ˣˡæȥæ
׼뿪ƵķֱܲӷԸзϣλСֵ
ƻרģ˻شǣҲشˡ
һϺãƲһϵĺ׼ϢһһסƵֱ˹ȥƲԵǰƿһˣҲ˼̷ϡ
һҲʱһ۰ơ
æµʱ䣬Ӵ̿ʼҽӪٶˣصĲİһ¾ûˡ
ΪӶࡣ
һľҽʮַƵ׼ʲôã廨һһᣬܰƤϡ
ⳡ̴ҹǰݱӮˣǹƵ½ܻ񣬵оˡ
˵Ӯϣ״򲻶
ľҽ˳ȥžӪ˴Ծ
ҽӪʣ²࣬ƷϺһ˵˿ڣ̧Ӳ˲ϵĺˮһһƨϣȥˡ
˷Ļϴϴ֣ðɫĺֲɣ⿪ϵĻҲΧȹģŵһߵļϴá
ƴʱŷ֣վŸ׷üˡ
ԷƺܹĴãǹأ˵ͷ
˰ɣ£ŰЦüĿʡ
Ƶͷۡ
ţ߰˸֣ûһһôר˵ƨˣɵĻ࣬ȵ
ãʦ̵ĺáƤЦЦ
˵ͷѧճʦǰʦӿɽ̡
ˣֻڶѣҪȻʦôôһζûȥʦ
ʦǺϲģҲ࣬ͷˣ
ҵûȥ
⣬ԴԱҲûгʶǰ
ʦҲǸˣģԴûиһ绰
Ҳʮˡ
ȥҲûлˣлᣬһҪȥ
˿۴ܻЩˣҽæȥæµ۵ĺܣĳ̶Ⱦ͸ҪƵģͷǵĲС
˼ңҸطϢҪȥ
˵ȥҵȥϢɡ
лл
ȥȻд񣬰ƿסĵط̫Զˡ
һϾҪͷ˯˶ԣһԶ
굽˵ľ棬ſԵ˯ˡ
ƻҡҡͷ˯žͻִ
ƳִЩãȻôط
ѵĽֳˣ
ƵһĲʱ
ҾʤҪͰľͣȥЩˡ
ҹ۲죬һ£ԣôǾʮ
ͷ¿ˣⲻʱô
ˣҲᵽ̥ȥڵĽݺ׼ȷ˵ûأ趼ûгɣ
гǡ
ûԹ⣬ҲܣǵǸԶ
Ʋ֪Ǹʲôֻǰ·ߣŷ·еϤߵĽ·ҲеϤ
ƾȻߵҽѧо
ͣ£վҽѧо
ǾʮҽѧоǸ۵ĵط
ţһг˴߾ϤڰƵԺһϸ³ˣ΢΢񡭡
ʦ
Ƽæȥ󿴵ǰŮһ£ǣ
Ʋ֪˵ʲôæΧһۣʦˣΪʲô
˵ģһˣ֪ϲʶ
ʶҵֵЩƣҽ󡣡
ЦӵЦݺµĴ磬ůɵɵĿʦϣγһ㡣
Ϊʲôڻζ
ƵͷͲˡ
(δ)

ٶʮ з

ƺʲô˻ζˣ۾һۣ۾ֿʼ˯
˶ѵģΪصоǰ档
صԽǸִ
оǰ棬ʮһ͵оͱ˲֪ٸģˣоҪԭȵӻڣϲˡ
һҽѧԺѧ
ţһ׷ԲԵ˱̧˳ȳܿ쿪ߡ
ֲĸоæ˹ȥ
˳Ϳһţƿɫ԰ף۾գѾֵʦæ˹ȥסʦ֡
ʦ
Ʋ֪ô£֪ˡ
ҽԣʲôˣԺʿ޹ʣʶ
ֱŮ
ҽ𾪣û˵ԺʿŮ
Ůԭѧҽаơоʦһ棬
Ȼ׹ʦ֮ʿ첻ˡ
˼ȣʵҲæûô
ڵȡ
ȣʦȹ
۾Ƶʱʦסˣ㣿
Ʋ˲᣺ʦ㲻ǵˣǰư
ˣЦЦסƵ֣ܾúԵ֣ǵʱŢʪܵģҾ룬⺢ӵĸĸȥˣ֪ǹ¶Ժģ޸ĸҾͶġ
㻻·ϴɾҾ;ãҵһˣˡ
ȻûмǴֻ˶ѡ
㰡
һʱһŮˣĳǸΣһ˲ʧˡ
ֱڣҲԭ㣡
̲סһ߿һ߲ᡣ
ʦһûлһֱ¶һˣ˵ڵһŮӣһ꼻һֹŮӣƴûģΪʲôһ顣
֪ˡ
Ƶͷʦ˿ʱô
ЦˣϵЦǺһ档
ƿ޵ĸˣƵҽȥܰǣʱ̶ڹ
ȻҽԺƸ³
͵ҽȣ˼СʱʦŸƳ
˰æ˹ȥȥ
ֵСʱʦѹ
æסʦ֣
֮ѹΪΪҽʦΪԭʮǰʦͳ⡣
һβߣֲһˣֻܰѷ໻
ΪһҽѧԺʿ˵һȲֲпܣʮ겻ûС
չʦҽ˵ʮʦѾĴλᶼ˱ˡ
סˣξֲҲˡ
ŰһЦɵӣҪޣϲǺܳ飬һֱţǾûˡ
ÿһˣ磬һУԲˣͻ뿪
ʦֻǵ뿪ʱѣⳡԲˡ
ʦҵѪԾ㣬ֻҪҵѪƲ˲ᣬֵĺܱˡ
ҡͷ֪㲻ͨǻʱҪı䣬ҪȻʧȥ塣
СƣӦ֪֮Ҫ˻Ϊܣܺ˻ѹΪĵ㡣
ҲһʱѾôĿģʱһ㱯ˣҲ֮е顣
ʦ뿪㣬뿪ǣʦһֱǡ
Ƶͷޱȳء
۾¶Цݣʦ˺ܶ꣬Ϊʦɲ
ȴû뵽ʦճɵɵĵȣȴʦ㳤
ϣҲʦ󡣡
ֻɿסʦʦ
ʦˣɿ֣Цݡ
ΪĿ
ҽΧĲϹ
֮죬һֱʦĹǰ˯ʱ˯ȥ
Żصʵ档
ʱԶĺߴˡ
Ʊţ΢һ£̰ѰƷתѾվסˣһãȻŹ忴ţȻıס
Χˣ׷׳Ź忴ȥ޹ͻ顣
ƿ޵أΧʲôˡ
޹ΪҪˣһ㷴ӦûУ춼һӡ
޹ǿƴŵӲ֪ǰƵģ£޹˭û߹
˫סƵ޵ķꡣ
Ҳ֪ʲô飬ǲĽǸ쵰ˣ
ҪãȥϾϯףһ¡
ˣ
ƿףȻðôһ仰
һΣˣ
˫ֱ壺ôˣ
ɫ˳޵ôģˡ
һ̣ƿ壬ίˡ
۸Χˡ
Сޣˣ
ʱ׻ʯˡ
ΧˣҲҡ
з磿
(δ)

ٶʮ Сֵ

԰ɿ˹壬˵үǱְʧˣְոμҵʦˣѹŻ᲻ңסүޡ
үҪҡ
˶һСǾˣôľ͸ڱޡ
֮ñͲԣڻҪޣ
˶ſʱ򣬹һڰ˳䣡
Ϊѹ˵ͷҲûȥˣŬĵ̬ôҲ޷ͻʦȥ顣
廹Ҫ·Ѿˡ
ΰ˯ʱ䲻Ǻֻܶ࣬һ죬һԹԣҲܼ尾
ƳǳأץƵ½һϲ¡
˰һҲûȵƹӵϢ֪æһ˯ˡ
ԭǺܵģЩýŴһӪʱŻ
ҵƹ͸оԣҪǣܰѰ£ֻܴߡ
ӣѹŪ鸡ꡣ
֪˵ʲô˵һ䡣
ӣᣬ޻ûס
޹ȥȥƣǰƥˣɣҲˡ
ƳӲ˲ϵᣬת˿ҵҩأ
ҩı˹ȥ˵û£үؼЦ
ûмЦʦˣôûԣʱЦոջˣʱʮơ
ҪҲܸȥͺˣǸʦҲãҲôѹ
Ƶͷ˲ᣬ޹߰ɡ
޹ͷŰȥǰ档
˹ȥһ˳Ÿոչĳǳȥ
Щˬϱ
Сҽˡ
ȥ޹ȥס޹֣һ㣬żСֵרŸչģ㲻ҪһֱСֵܡ
޹ϷСֵΪʦѹȰȰøҡ
޹뿪˹ȥѾˣߵҲܿ죬Ŭ侲Ӱ쵽Լⵢ¡
޹˿ûˣһ°Ƶӣƿ޹޹ȥڰƵĶС˵ޣζѣص棬ҾμˣҲпѵʱ򣬵ÿѹõĺܣһ¶ûС
ζǼٵģʱλʵõġ
޹⶯װŪˣҧҧ촽һĵڵأţ
ƺһ޹תϣһˤŵûʧɫ
޹޼޿ɲһˣòײŰԼ޳ȥи๫͸õϡ֮ƵģݲƴӣǺǻݲһ顣
ս޹ҲǽݣֻҪһ㲻õͷ޹ͻȥʲô취ֱӰɱ
ֶΣѾŷɥŪǹĽǣ˲֪޹ˣû֪޹ʵݣֻ֪޹ٷˣ֪ݵ»ӡ
ǹҲ˵޹ǻĸϻҪ˺ݣŹѪɺӲϰݡ
޹æݣ
°޹Żˣװ޹˵һӳԲˡ
۵޹һ죬뵽ǳ֮ǰ£Ȼ֪ô¡
ҷ㣿޹ܵǣҲɺܶࡣ
ʮϲ޹ǸŮӣԸҲãĮԵ׺ݣԹ飬˳
ݵͷӵֱ۷ŵ޹ļϣ޹ߣһ§żһ§ߵǰȥ
ҲһݵĹŹˣҲûȥʲôòãò
תƼߣ屾ȥƣ鵲סˡ
үǽʲô㣿
鲻ǺϲСˣҪ𾴺Сʲô
һСҽǸˡ
ԲС
㹬з磬Ҳ
±Ѿ˰ţϢڳһ֣ൽӪկٽʲô׵ģȥ¿
ԵòͷŰһ˱ҩǰ棬ʹ
һǺҪˣҪȻҲѹӡ
ߵƵߣҪǺޣͿްɣҲû˿ȥǰޡ
ȷʵޣڵ̬ûá
ʵʦֿѾܶˣԴӷֿ֮󣬾ҲûмǷڣҲ绰ʦҲ
˻ţڼһ˾Ͳˡ
ʯͷôѹ
û£үصġֲ˲۾
ģޣҲϹӣôܣ
ں棬أôأ
(δ)

ٶʮ ϽıԹ

ǰƥҪһƥʱ
ǣߵߣҪͬһƥүһɡ
һ£Ѿͷǳ˳ˣô˵Ҳǲ
ԭԸ⣬Ƶ̫ãŻҪģɺͳ
ʿɱ裬Ůǽ֦Ҷôί
ԽԽ̹֮󣬻ȷʵһЩ˼
ƿҲԣдԣԴӼ޸˹忪ʼƱ̵ܽĲ
ھβˣиҽӸдҲƣ˵֮ǰͬԴӼ޸ʼ㻻һһ
ĵλ󣬼ϰҲа㲻
һֻ۱һֻ۵ĽŮĴ㡣
ıҪŮ޸ģ˭֪þҽȵǡ
֮Ƽ˸ȥ
ҪǼ޹ȥǾ˵ˣȻвʣ뵽ƼҵݣŮӣ˵ǷҪ岻ޡ
ûֻˡ
񿴣Ҫˡ
ǰƵãǹ⣬Ȼз磡
ŮҪͬһƥŤͷһߣˣ
¿һпŹԲƣǰСֵģȷʵͿ
СֵҲǺ͹û뷨ҲĹġ
¿ӵǵС˼ЦˣϱȻͲһˡ
¿޹ϱҲ⡣
ҲǾľ⡣
ˣҺСһƥ忴һһԣһƥߵƵߣѰƱ͵ϣŴӺӰ§סƵƵҩŵǰ棬סƸ廤ڻ
˫Žźһӣǰյȥ
ƴʱѾôˣҲزȥиҪȥ
ܿ˵룬ͷڰƵϣףʣʦڣôû˵
Ƶ飬嶼ܺ档
Ƶͷҽʦǽʦ
㰲˵ƷһЩҪһˣġ
ʦ
š
װƣƥߵĲ첻뿪飬Ƹ˵һЩѧϰϵ顣
λȥջܴ԰ưоſʮǰֹҲ˹塣
ô˵ʦϲˣЩġ
ҡͷҲϲʦҲȷǲи˳ֹ뿪ʱңŻȻ
ҲҳֵʱˣԲŻʲô
ҵǺ֪ȷʵиŮˣǵ˺ܶˡ
ҸʦѧϰʱЩСԸһ¶оǲţҲʦһˣ涼㣬ʲôȥһֻһ֮ԵŮˡ
Ҳš
ȷʵС廹ǲ˵ġ
ƲΪȻʦǴģʦ
ֻʦȵ£ƻЩãȻģĸо
ϾҲûжãڴ֮ǰôܴԽʮǰȥ
ⲻʵ
ԽͲͨ
Ҳô£ֱսܾ࣬ûʧرÿΰƻȥ֮İƻ᲻ˡ
ֵվԽԽǿˡ
ã˵һƾˣҲˡ
ϣӶ໴𳤴
һѣסˡ
ͷװ̵˵һϲ֮飬ʦ˵ĺе
ֻ塣
ıҲܽ⿪
ƵͷҲû
滪鿴ǵͷͰ豻Ūľٶ޳һ׷ȥ
͹˵Уξ飬ͳˡ
ͷһۣ˫һӣ̳˳ȥһ׷ǰˣһ
ˣ̧ϵĺ
Цˣ
¿һߣҲסˡ
¿Ȼ飬Ҫһ㣬ٽʢȡǺ£˵䲻˵ĻϽ˰
Ҳǹˣɲô˵СӣôܲҴŵģǰҿһӣ·Ҫ̧ţŵģôˣ
ԣٽǸӣսףôһ
ԹԽ˶̶ǲſۣҲϲ
Ů޸ҵˣϡ
ЩŮˣһǿֵġ
ӽǰǺεȵĿڣǺˣ
˹ҪؼҿﶼС
(δ)

ٶʮ ȥ

ǵãʱϣӣŽŻϴּϸڴ۰ĵȣʱϸ׿첻ˣֻý̧ʹȥ˭֪յ˹ſڣͲˡ
ӵſڣͶˡ
ӿ޵ȥһѰ
ţɲܵ˵ʱżŮŮ޸ϣҲ׼
ϵûкӣ˵׼̫࣬Ů޸
ɲ룬߹ˣǴ򲻶ϵԵ
ϸףˣҸƽģĹٿϣһ˼
佫֮УϵûƼȻѡ
ȻڹУȴһֱûٴƼҵ飬ܿϵľ¿ˣڣϮĿ
ҲպĵңˣŮʣˡ
һ࣬Ǹӡ
ܣ޲øҴ򿴣˵ˣ򿴲ãСͲС
˺ܾá
˭֪ˣһȦⲻģ
ᣬ¿˵ء
¿ҲʵСʱȷʵˤˣӹǲãĻԣҲ֪˭˵ӹǲУǸӡ
ھӪ治ô󣬶ʦˡ
ĴԽԽء
⺢ӣԣһֱûҵԭ򣬾ôԣͳԶˡ
ϽҶĲ塣
в¿ȷʵҲвһӣûꡣ
˭֪ô˻ͺˣӹǸƵģܳˡ
˭˵ȥ
Ȼţӿһ¿ͱ࣡
λȥǳأҲͲˣû׷ϱĲᣬҲˡ
޹ϣſݣݵ˫§
޹ܵݵ壬һ뿪һ߻ͷݣݵѾס޹ѾʼǷˡ
ƴѾ˳˰ǣߣԸ˼ٰǣȥӪû鿴
ǡ
뿪ŰȥͲȺõŵ㣬˽ȥ·Ҳ档
ľż͵Űˣ˰ľܸˣæܵƵǰ򡣡
ƶ£ľû۹
סľ󣬸ɨһ¡
没ʱԵıҪȷľĲȷʵˡ
ڰľ֪£ᾭľɨ衣
ȷľû£ľ
ľܸ˼ƣһֱŰƵֲɿҲŰľ
ƴСûиĸǸ¶
֪û۰ȴ顣
ƾãľܴͽܲڻʱ򣬰ƿ壺ү߰ɡ
š
һţƺͰľš
ļ̌ͷŰƵ֣ôˣ
ôˣƺȻʶһһ¡
ƶ£ľô֪ǰģ
ľ棺ֵʱˣʲô˶һˣһΣһβʲô·ʲôˣҶһϳ
תһ۹壬ǰ棬ƺ֪Щ
Űľ߰ɣȵǰȥ
ľ·Ƹߵһ˼ҵĺ棬Ƚȥܿҵ/ĵطΪбУξ˺ܶ࣬һҵλãǰѶˡ
ܵ飬ҪҹߣЩҪܹѵҪĹ
ҵطȻ׼ˣ˶ҹʱ֮ʼˣƵĺѻʱҲѾˡ
ѻæˣһˣͻ֪
ϣʮңƿôٵ߶һ
һҹһɽģûеڶˡ
˵ĲలƸŻȥȻͣˣתʱҲͣˡ
ֹ̧֣ͣ¡
ͣ£һˣϵĶȫܴߣʣµĻҲߡ
תڵҹɿƽľƿƣĿӣһѽ
ߡסźҹȥƱľһȥʮ˻סƺͰľʩչṦ뿪
Щ£źɫĿӣװ˽鱦ԭصĿӣ˿أ෴жĺëÿһνصʱ򣬶˿Ķ⾪ҹ˯ˡ
гⶼбӪһͶ֪
ƺܿ뿪ǳأʮ˵Ļ£ӪԵѾڳǵʱѸٳ̹ǵķ룬ǵĿسǣվӪǱ߳һᣬתľŰľʮˣŰľȥȫĵط
ľߺƲĹ壬ֻ˺͹ֿĵط
Ҳмˣǲ氲ƣǱŰȥҹ塣
ߵ£ѻڰƵļϣƻζһ£̧ѻͷһȥҹ塣
(δ)

ٶʮ 

ߵʱ򣬹Ѿʮ˶ɱˣתߣͣһ¸˳ȥѻ˲ϯϵʬ壬ԵĲʣ
Ʋȥ̫ˡ
ƿϵЩѪȥҹ壬ѻĵطǹڵĵط
Ƶ﹬ɱĵطͣ£ֻǿһҹеĹ壬̧ͷЩѻ
˶ǴһȺˣǴһȺѻ
һᣬƿ棬оȻͣ¾ûˡ
һ£紵һ˱ǵѪȣưȥƣ
һߵ˰ĵϵϣƽӹŹǱȥվһѪȵˣ˵Ľָŵ棬ҲѪһվѾšˡ
ҵĴţšϲӵ˵ڵϣͨһ
ŵߵߣĽڰƵĲϡ
ͣ£˿
ѪȳŰƵıϢ󱣻Ƶļˣ˲䵥ϥأү
תעŰƣƻ̧ĵõϴһƤߣ˫۾ȴ۾
ƻǵһο綯һնûκ
ɼʤҪȻҲ˭֪
үң
Ψۡ
ĵȥĽ뿪ˣգһ۾æʣ˵ˣ
ղѣ§סΰȴҲϡ
˿Ϊ˴Ѿ߻ħˡ
ⱳ˭֪
˭֪ɱǸ
ȼԼůɡ
ҪɨҲΪ˰գս֮ࡣ
Щ˭֪
ñæŰѰƿ
ơ˵һ˰ѵ忴尲ƵĲкܶѪֲ̧˲ɾеżӲ
֪Ҫǲȷģ԰Ʋûǿܣŷ֣ǰ˶ʮˣҿȥǶǸָ֡
һںҹɱôˣħˡ
ƺȻ֣̫ûˣûõ޷ˣ˵׸
ոˣæҲɱħ
˵ףû
뵽ǻҲӣֻǿ
ƿ壬ʱǸһĲĲӣյð̲סۡ
ЦЦס֡
ƽʱůģʱȴǱġ
үҪԸô
ǣȥһʲôˣǧˡ嵣Ļ©֮㣬Ըȥ
ѸΧɢȥѰҪѰҵˡ
ƴʱ˵ү׷ʱǲǲ֪ôˣ
Цָ糣ӣͺǸ߰ƣû£һжƽ
֪̫ˣڡ忴һΧӦˣսˣ͸ǹ档
İӦҲԸҲԸⱻ˰ǹеӡ
ʱˣүǲ˼ݡŹ֣ۡ
廹£̧ͷһϣѻ̳棬˲佫ϵ˶˸ɾ
ѾϰˣȷʵǸҰȫķ
巴ΪŰƵ֣ΧȥѻȺʼˡ
ܿЩ߻æű棺ҹˣû©֮㡣
˵ǸѻȺһ£ȷˣǰҪ뿪
ǡ
˺ܿѻȺ뿪ŰƲ뿪ȥӪ
˳ǵʱѲߵѲ߱ƺ͹ѪȣѲ̷߱˲ԣܿ쿪ʼѰǡ
屧ƣӳȥسǱӪӪɭϣһѪȣȥᾪӪˣֻȴҸطȥϴһ¡
ӪʮطһƬ֣ʱ˵Ǳߡ
ﾹȻס
˽ȥͱһ˿ˣҲһ
ɷǴӳܳģ˼ҰǣҲȥˣҸطϴϴ
һѹ壬˵ӣؿڣѵĿڰƵϡ
ͷףЩͣ·ʱҲ߰ʮˣһЩɲ
ƺܳʵӣ˿һˣ˵ɡ
ת˿Ųȥľӵ棬ƿһ۹˹ȥ
ľﻹиʹţſҲһܿŰæŽǽȥ档
ţȥ档
ſʼˮϴ衣
(δ)

ٶʮ زȥͺĵ

û뵽һ˻ôǡ
ϴǰŸɾ·ȻͨСȴƻЩֵġ
ɽҰ룬ô·Ҳܡ
ΣȰ·ϡ
ƵĴһ£ǹŮȽϺأ·ǰĺʵģرȹӣһҪܶ㡣
ִȻͨȴһׯظС
˴Ų֪ʲôĸоƴȴζˡ
û·æ˺ȥ壬˳û˵ĵط
俴İƣ̣Ц͡
סƵ֣һ¡
֣æŲɾϵˮ
·崩ϣһ⣬ǴӣưŸŪãǿɵȹڣܿɣߡ
һ񻨰ԴӴ¶סˣ·ֻСӡ
·
ƺЦүӣʲôÿ
ҲȲƣʲôʡ

Щ˼ִĶܵĺܿ죬Ҳˡ
ǳȥɡƿˮͰȫѪϵѪ£סƣһʰһˮҲˡ
æ岻
˳ţæȥϷ򸾵л
ͣˣܸɻ
ǲܸɻǲǶˣһЩǿ߰ɣȻ־ˡ
Űһ˰ƣһ£˿лллš
߰ɡ
Ϸ򸾰ߣŰƳӪǱȥ˺ܿ쵽档
ٰ˵ˣ̰˴˽ȥĸ˸ȥ·ưѸ£һ£ȷû壺ǲͨˣ죬Ūĸɲ𣬻ôõ·ǣ
ûͨˣɽ֮У֮ˣ˶ӵط棬Ȼͨˡ
廻·ѰƱ˹ȥƿֱ.
ƿһӪʵſڣȷûʲô߹ŸŹȥϢ
һҹûϢ˺ܿ˯ˡ
ˣǻ˯
һ£׼ȥ濴
޹޹棬ƿۻϢĹ壬ӰϢȥ档
ſŰƣֹ
ǲøңҺٷ˵仰Ƹ޹ȥٵĵط
޹ʣôɾҽˣ
ұǴ򣬸үҲ㣬ƼҲһƼҵŮսΪٵģ׺ŷսɱУҲýʿ塣
ȴȻ
ҵͲãһүʿǻãүŻҪŸŮ죬̵ģܵġ
İһЩ
ðɣҲû˵˵ǰһЩ鲻Ǻܺá
޹˵Ǹֱˣûԥ
ƿ޹ҲǲУ˶֪и޴־竵İƣ֪иβ˵Ҳܻεս
ûʲôҿǸɲǺǵģÿ춼Ҫߣֻһε˵Ҫһ˶֪£ʱô죿
޹Ʋ֪˼иӣƤȥ
˸ǶиӣҪȢһ
޹ǾΥ˵׳ʲôɳܡ
ƵǺƽǴ̵ʱֻҪûԲҵ飬Ͳ¡
үӪ棬ʲôɵĵģ
޹һ£ȷʵ
һᣬ޹˵˽Ҫ£ҽӵ˵Ϣ˵uʹҪɱˣѾûˣүɱ˹ͣϧиŮͻȻ֣ѹ;ˡ
ʹҲ£˵аţû¡
Ϊ͹uʹ̣ˡ
ڹҽֻشҲûˡ
ƿ޹ңΪ£
š޹ͷ
Ժ󾩳ǵ鲻ҪңܣزȥҲܻȥ֪˵ģǰ飬Ժͱ˵ˣĲ¡
޹һãȻ㻹ǸⰡ
šȻˣ̧ͷԶҲû취زȥҲͽ͡
̲ʲô򵥵飬ʱҪд־սĴ㡣
ң޹ǻˣǰ޸ݣƼҵˡ
ǿ޹ϣҲȫҪʧˣڽϵҲ
ˣ¶˵ġ
ҽҲͽܣĹϵͲˡ
ǻеǱҲʼΣͺܺˡ
(δ)

ٶʮ ˭ܶ

ƺ޹˵˻ʹȥ޹˼Ӹƣժģû㼸𡣡
ưѹ˿˵˾лл׼뿪ݿˡ
ݿһСҽ»һ˵Цġ
ԽԽǲҲùȥ׽飬޹ˣСҽ˵ܿСҽ/»ӡ
侲ȥˣ
޹̧ͷͿѾˡ
ҵûȥˣ岻ãҪ޹ƭţӲ˵ڵ̫ãӹǲУ޹Żˣֲȥ¡
ֻţҲУֲ
Ҳ꣬ݱ˵ϲ˹ͷѳֲס
޹ݵǰɵĺСӣľܾһԷΪ죬ڣͳ
ƿһݣû
޹ˡ
һ䵥ȥȴסˡ
ˣֻ̫Զû޹֡
鲻޹Ķ֣Բҿ̫Ҳû˵ʲôǺһ뷨м顣
ǺܷаƣϬ
ڻҲﲻҲ׷Ҫ񣬵Źģ㲻ù֣
뵽ǰСҲֻᡣ
ڻ/˹壬/޹ġ
˶ϲĶҪϲ˭ҵ飬ٽӦòҲŶԡ
׼뿪鵶ڰƵĲϣ˲仮˰ƵĲӣ̧̧ӡ
оһĲû⣬ֻǿۻ飬޹ΣٽɱңҲı䲻ϲҵ顣
ɱ㣬Ȼ㣬ΪˣȻϧ
Ľƽ۵ü
̧ҪƿĽҲǸ/ƢҪɱ˰ơ
׼ֵʱ򣬹Ѿ˹磬Ŀ棬һץסĽžһˡ
鱻ǿĺһİѽ㵵ĿŹĿ
ƱһѴƹת뿪
òԣתŹ忴ȥ
ү
岢û˵ͷŰƣܵģҪɱ˻顣
˿˿ϣæְסˡ
үۡ˵һָĺܿ죬Ѿûˣǣʵܲ
ô᲻ۣڵİѰƱ˻ȥӪʰѰƷ£һ߷ӡ
ϴ˿ڣⱩƢû˭ˡ
ûˡưãȥҹ壬ȴûôþˡ
Űƣ˵ڿʼ뿪벽
ţ뿪үȥʲôطҾȥʲôطƺЦȴһ㶼Ц
Ѿ˼ˣְү
忴ȥŭ
¿ͻ顣
үű㵥ϥˡ
˵ү㴦ðɡ
Ż˵ôˣʲôˣ
屾˵ȻתŭӰƣưһۣ˲Ͱ˰أҲһЩҲ˿Э
ۡ
Ҫƣƶ˻ȥ
ٷ˽ңҪ͸ҼӣٽպٷˣǾˡ
һ˻䵥ˣʱ򣬿һӰҾӪʳ˳ȥҾȥ
˭֪˱ˣǸҪɱڣҾʹٽʱ־ҡ
˴򲻹ٽ°ʡ
Ϊ˲ӣٽΪ˾ңǸ˷ˡ
үʱ򣬻ٽڿҲӣүᡣ
ƣԳɣ׹
Ҳû뵽С˵û
ĺݺݵĶŰƿĺ޲ðѰһ١
ȻǸᣬûٽɡ¿˺ϣĿһ۰ƣǸСֵܡ
ƿ壺үٽҵľˣүҪΪѻٽ
׼£ۼֿ죬һѷסƵֱۣǿаѰ
ƿŹ壬һ仰
岻ǲװƵ˼˵ɡ
л˹壬վһߣһ۰ơ
ĵۣ彣ָ飬һ£һɱı֮
Ľ䵽Ĳϣû˿Զˣ㣡
Ĳһ⣬ŵæ¿Ҳȥ飬Ѿ
𣬻鲱һѪۡ
Ҳ˲æȥһ»ߵһߣٽҸ㿴
ֹѪҩǰָƣһѪ˭ûֵ£ɴϣϡ
ŵȫð亹һֱŹ庮Żˡ
ոչҪɱ
(δ)

ʮ 

Ƹ鴦˿ڣͻȥˡ
ƲүٽĲҲģһ̾ͲˣЧҩ
΢У֪вͲҶ˵ʲôˡ
ͻȥЩ
Ǻܸм˵лСֵܡ
Ͻˡưѻ͵ӪҲû뿪
չ˻飬Ȼ۵ģȥż
˵ʲô˵
С߰ûбôԴֵŮ£ЩŸܡ
ƺ׻ֽ꣬Ҳˡ
˵԰꣬ʱżʱ򣬳ǳظոչҪסġ
ٽʢ־и߰ʱһʱ벻ѡ
ҽ֮Ϊҡ
ƽͺֻܻ̣Ҫߵˣˡ
ţֻһʱ嶯
ٽܻ׵ġ
䣬ûʲôǱҪģţһ˵ļֵ
ҵϣһţϣҵ١
ǻŵ塣
ٽֻʱģһҪһЩܳ١
нڣٽпɽ꣬޷侲޷ٽ
ٽͨˣ£ѹ
ʱúõĴ˰ƣȻǸƽСֵܣ˼֡
ˣʡ
ʮƲ˵̫С
ʣôô
Ҳ̫ˣģǻǲ֪ʲô˼ҵġ
ƽͣҼﶼģЩСҵǳɻųģ˵游Ҳˡ
ƺߡ
ʣģʲô
˵հҵǰˡ
˵Ҳûʲôˣʲôݣ
ԵΣ黧أǰĸɶӣԭϼҵģûãģѧ˼ҽ
ѹˡ
Ƚ⣬ĸɶӣǺܲ
Ӧ޸ĸģ֮ɽǸƽʱչ˲£ָĸĺΪչˣߡ
ս飬˺
֮
ĥţľûʲôˣǴӺ÷ҪܻһЩ˵˽Ŷԡ
ͷϷܾûкͰȾˣʱȾȥ
ΣԾеˡ
ȻȥˣҸ常˵ƿ
һŮ˵Ůǽһ㣬뿪ͺˣСֵܣҺúչ
ǡ
ƴӦһ¿¿ǳȥɡ
¿ųȥˣˣ¿ȥѲӡ
һһţƿоѹҲˣ͸һ룬۾Ϣ뿪ȥ湬Ѿˡ
湬ûĺһۣȥŹ֣үҲ¶ˡ
ôûĵˣ¶ˣһһֱڣֻûнȥѡ
Ź壬֪׼ȥʳ
ȴסƣѾˣǡ
չ˻飬ѾӦˣүȻȥոջЩҿƸ룬зӦҪһᡣ
㲻ãأ
үúõģȻȥһҾͻȥˡ
ûģƯŮˣ߲ˡ岻Թ
˵˵ֻү
鲻Žȳȥߡ
֪үҲСһ㡣
Ǳ
ǡ
彻²뿪ƽȥҩڻӪ濴Ż顣
ư˯ϾͲ
ûµʱ͹۲컪סӪʡ
ǸɾˣӪܸɾŮõĶûУҲûС
ŮϲվӣƯ
鳤Ưȴվӣǰе˼ŵ˱߹ˡ
¿Ż飬ҲϴСˣʮطϹˣٲˣͳ˵ڶ޹ˣٹҪ޼ˡ
һŮˣС˶òиϲҪ޵ˣȴˡ
ȷʵ޷ܡ
һᣬ鿪ʼ죬ȥ飬龹Ȼˡ
ȥͶ¡
Ҳܵˣˣ˰һ£Ʋ¡
鷢պͿˣȥĹ·Ҳˡ
Ϊ˸齵£ֻܸӡ
ʱ򣬻鱧Ű˵䣬һȣ鱧ס˽ȥ˾ڴϹҪƿ飬Ѱů
⻭棬æųȥˡ
֮ɽͷˣݵλУҲ
С˰һ㣬ʲô
ɻ󻹻᳤ãҰοһЦǺǵˡ
ǿ뿪ոպʲô˽ˣȥûˡ
(δ)

ʮһ 

鷢գһϣҲڴϡ
صӪûƣתͳˡ
˻Ӫʣأ
档
ʣС
۵²ʡ鷴ˣ۾Ϳſߣűӣһˡ
ϸŰƵԺ˹һĻ棬һ죬ְƵͿرǽëܳŨ촽Ҳ
ģң֪ôˣ봥һ°С촽̧֣Ҫȥһ°С촽Ӫſһŭȣ飡
Ȼѣһƨϣˤ
æҲͷպÿƱҵڣµļϸۣ鿴۷ֱ̡
ƻûӦͱϸ鹬˫絶ڻϡ
æŵ˵ͷ˿ٴеĸо
СڱӪԽսԽµԸ񣬴ʱ¹壬ǲ
㴳ҵӪʣк򣬲ðɣ
Ƶͷ·үˣٽˡ
ƺΣоãŹߣĿɭ´ע⡣
ת巴ΪŰƾߡ
Ʊߣһ⳨˳ȥһ·˹Ӫ⣬泳ƣưû졣
巴ô£˵ֻչˣΪӣҲûʲô
Գ̡
ŭôһҲ㣬һ۲
ûСƺΣֻչ˲˶ѡ
죡

Űˡ
ȥ£ҲһˣԵ绪ϲˡ
ȥߣûʲô

ϲȴһ°ƣѰתס/
ֻñֵš
Ӫ⻪ɫѿתˡ
޹˻֡
ӻǺܼʰС
ϢҪȥѲǣһ˱Ƚ϶࣬ѰҲ˹ȥ
Ƶʲôطҩ䣬Էֹõõĵط
ǳѾٺˣǳеİջЩ£һǣ
Ƹں棬ʱʱһۣƽʱŹ廰ܶ࣬һĮ
Ƿˣá
ӣ˵뿴ӡ
̧ͷãԺҸطٽ
˵ٽ㰲һҽٽã£ԺҪȥ
ǡ
ҶеΣƺЩԾ
޹ڰߣãͰ˵˵һֱҲûлᡣ
ͣ£ʣѵҿҲҪôǰҿģҰô
⣿΢У׼
̫ˣǾҽҪҿ͵ÿò
ЩΣô£
ٽһ㿴
˵忴ȥҪˡ
µûţ
ֹ̧尴ؿڣ˹ȥôˣ
ˡ忴Ƶģͺ˵һ
Ƶˣ˵ҷ㡣
˵һҩȥסɨ衣
һƲЩġ
Сĵ㣡
壬þƭ˵ġ
߰ɡ
Ҳô֮Űơ
˼ѲӣߵһЩǰɿȥЩӣЩӾۼһ䣬Ƕ²壬Ҳģô¡
ؤǴʧȥ˵Ĺ¶
Χ˶Ӧ˲Ͼ˭ҲûЩӡ
ƶʣǳԷôĸأ
Ǻ£һ
ƿˣŪЩԵ
ܿһЩƸÿһʼ˭ҲҳԣһСһСֱСȶ¶ţˣƤⶼɫģһͷͷźܿԲԲС࣬Ѿģˡ
ưĴŵЩǰСŮǰСŮһ۰ƣ˵һлл
Цһ£Ǳصĺô
СŮҡͷҵˣ֪ȥҸߵʱɢˡ
СŮɵĸ߰ƣưϵˮϴ˿ڵģõȵˮװůġ
򿪵һЩ˴СŮȵˮżҪԸ⣬һ뿪㸸ĸ㡣
СŮһ۰ƣûӦͷԴ
ĺʮʱҲʼԴǶһ𲻸ҿ
(δ)

ʮ ˼Ļ

ƺ۵Ŀźǣʮһ꣬СľŮˡ
үȥɣҲȥˣҪЩӡƾӦðЩӰˡ
ҩ͹ȥ彻СЩ
֪
뿪¼˸ƣƵȺǳԱôû˹ܡ
û˻شЩԹްơ
Ƽƺ׺ǵ飬ǡ
Ƶǻش˭˵ֻСŮߵǰϸơ
ƳСŮ˵ԸңʲôҪҰæҿ԰㡣
СŮʣǴ򣿡
ƿһҩ䣬ͷǡ
СŮ˵иˣܾô
ԣȥ
ƱСŮСŮƽů͵·СŮ
ĺ취ӣЩǮҲԣҪðպ£ȥһ£ҡ
ƴһ˾ˡ
ߵĲԶƱСŮˣ˶ͣһ¡
У˸ţ˹棬һЩӱ
ȥǱߡ
˼Ѳӡ
ߵ䣬ٳŻЦٽȥɡ
ĸڻĸ٣Ͱźˣ͵ᡣ
СŮʲô
ҽСǣ
ôƺЦôɰҸպ֪һСǵģǸŮء
СŮΪֻǿŰơ
Ϊ˻գ͸С˵褺Сǣ˵Ҳطˣƻ˵ǵãĹǰһ˵۾ͬ⣬СǷӢۡ
Сǿƣ˵ߺͬ㣬СǵɷǴӢۣ
Ҳô⣬ʵϣ˵Ȣ˴ǣȢСǣУ褿Ȧɵ㣬ʤһǸӢۡ
Сǵͷƾ⺢Ӵ϶Ǹ֮ġ
СŤͷ棬ư£Сǰ·ȥ档
ԺӲСѾٻˣǸԺӡ
ԺҲûˣСǹܽȥܿڴҵһʹˡ
ѾϢ΢Сݺ᣺ôˣҪˡ
Сߵǰǰβ
Сǿߵǰϸ˿ƣæлл˾Сǣҡ
˵ʲôεæŷˣ˷סˣȥ£ԸõԵ
˻׼˸ƣƽˣ˶ˣûԡ
ɨ裬кܶಢ֢岻̫á
ȳԵ㶫һҴ뿪
ң˺⣬Ƶͷ
СҪչˣҴСǴߣҵģĸڣһץԺͻˣļˣиӦ
˿ŰƣֿСǣȫǲǸ׸ǴˣҪܰҰСǴţҲĿˡ
׸ˣֻܺúûţһܰĲκãôʲôɵĵģ
˿СǣСǣ˵أ
ҪҡС˵˲̾Ϣһ
ǺðɣҾͺˣҿˣǺˣˣСǸҪܰС£Ըţ
Ƶͷ֪ǸмҲ˵
˼ұϣ뿪
׼뿪ſڽ飬һ֣˱㵣ģæŽͣٽģ
˵ͷתŻͷٽ
鲻ߵƵǰҹ
лٽƾ֣ôôº͡
ûʲô㲻úҿˣôʶģǸֱӣҪ
Σû뵽Ϊ¡
ǽģҲˣ黹ǲġ
֡żȻƭ˻ǾʹŻһƭɡ
̻Ҫܳʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱδ鷳ô˵
˵ˣЩˣӣܺͰŶԡ
ӣ϶ġ
С϶Ǳȵġ
ʲôϵˡ
԰˶Ƹ˹壺үֻǸӣˣǺֵܱģˡ
ʱʣȴ̻ȥһ˵ġ
Ȼ˼Ҳûжԡ
ȻԸͺãҲжȥ
תСǣҪæƹϾܾˡ
ˣȻҲͣˡ
ûƲ˼
֪ٽ⣬СЩµġ
š
ͷŰ뿪
˰˴ӪȥСȥЩӣС˵޼ҿɹģЩؤЩ̹ģۼһֻΪȡů
(δ)

ʮ 

ʹЩӣǲԸȥӪ˭Ը⣬ҲðãֻȥҵصİǣصİҲԸ
һЩǮ뵽ǮûʲôãǶ±Ҫġ
˲Ƶ飬µľǱ
ʱ򣬱ԼĺӻҪǳԺȣʳԲ㣬ǾûЩӡ
һ磬ƶЩӣֻôȥӪǲӪƾͽӪһӪʣúס档
ϸÿӶ·ڻеطҵ޻Ͳϡ
ƽ˸һȺĳԵģů͵ıӣǶܶ£ƺϾͲڳˣϣŰơ
ƶСҪһЩ·õ޻ҪһЩ
ȥӣʮڴ̣ҲֵǮˣȴǱƽʱϺܶ౶ġ
ԸСͷھ￴ϲӣ
ҺϲŮϣԼŮ
ϸСǣСϴɾ·Ư
죺ҲϲŮ
û⻪飬СǣȥЩӡ
һţЩӿСǶ𾪣̫Ưˡ
Сǵ֣ȥıϣľ壬ǱӣǺܺãѾܲˡ
кһȺſվſ˭ɫһ˸ˡ
óһЩڳġ
ÿӷּ顣
ǲҪԣǸĸʱһ飬ǺúÿǣҪҪѧϰҽѧģһ飬ġ
͸ĸɢˣһǿܻҵǣǿԳǡ
սʱǻȥҲˡ
˭Ҳ˵һֱȵƴС뿪ҲŴյһ
ŰƳȥƲŷԾĵطһֱġ
תȥ飺ٽ£
Ҳûʲô£ǿæûʲôطܰæġͷСǣСǣɡ
СҡͷҺͰסһжŲ
һ޹ĵġ
ͨСǣ׷Сڿǲˡ
Сû˵СǺƯŻ鿴ûжı飬ҲС
ƾûΪСˣСǲˡ
ٽȻȥˣҲϢɡ
ûж룬Сǻȥ¡
ӪʵһߣӪʣûعǱߣֱ˽ȥСǽȥȥҶŲ
ŲСȥŲæ
Сǡ
Сǻͷһ۰ƣ򡣡
ҿƷҩ䣬ߵŲǰһۣ岡֢̫࣬Ҫơ
ȸŲҩҪҪʳ塣
˼ңС˵նţҾͽ϶źˡһ߸϶ſҩһ϶š
϶ŵͷ˵á
Сǵӣ϶źο
ƴ϶ǱС϶˱ǡ
ŰƻȥҲս
ƹһȥҰơ
Ҳ˹壬޼滰е٣Ƹоó鲻Ǻܺá
ү£岻ãȥ¡
±һˣ
飬ŽͣԼģҲ֪ΪʲôҪҡ
ҿǿ˳ۡһץסƵ֣Ūðе㲻ڣ֪ĸˡ
ˣôܿң֪֪˰սʤİɣүӢ䣬ϲүôˣô˵ϲͲϲˡ
üô֪ϲģϲôãƵ˼֪ϲ
һŮ˵˱ϲȻôˣûġ
˵ԭļҲһЩֻЩЩ벻
ƫɣǵû飬ʲô취
ת˵ԭʶ飿
ֹʶ֪үͻ飬үһ֪Ϊʲôԭүôϲɣ
岻شȷʵ֪
˵ȹԭ顣
忴Űƣþԡ
˵Щʱҿˣ۵ˣү˵ԭǲһֱڰ
֪ϵͳЩ⣬ϵͳԭġ
ҡͷô֪
岻ͷôڣ
ԭϲҪǻᣬ᲻꼷ߣ
ŰƵ£ŤͷƣƣˣЪŰɡ
š
Ϣ˸ΣμƲˣԭİƻˡ
ŵùҹľѣŰ˯ţӰѰһ§סˡ
Ʊѣ۾תŹ壺ôˣ
뿪ԵǿƵİѰڻĿⶢŰƣûߣҪĲ㣬ţȥظͶ̥Ȼھ͹㣡
ס
ˣ
(δ)

ʮ Ůҽı΢

úõһ͵Ĳᣬͷү˯Ϳˣ
ҪƽʱһҪȥˡ
ҹĲ˯Ż˭أ
ҹе˫۾·Ⱦһ˿־塣
һ߰һȥȼ˵ơ
ҲӴŰƹЩ顣
ƻصǰ£үôˣ
忴һ۰ƣû£جˣ˯ɡ
ȥţ˴Ҳš
үΪԭ飿ŵá
ǡ
ͣƾúЦ
ȥ۾ơ
š
뽻ˡ
һҪãͶˡ
֪ˣү˯ɡ§Ź壬ָ̧ģ˿ҩǰģүȳˡ
Ҳſҩ衣
ƣ뿪ҩƣƵͷ֪ʲôҲ𴩣ָϢ
ϣû壬ȥһۣſվţǹǣһ£˫ֱǱߣȥͣ¡
үЩˣƾãЩ⻹ҪԲУȥԣʱ䳤˾͸鷳ˡ
ˬѾûֹǡ
˽ʱ򣬾ͻ״Σ֪νһ侲رǴˣһҲˡ
ã嵭Ȼĺʲô¶ûƲģһ¹֣ɨû⣬쳣ҲʧˣҲû
үʲô˵ģŷſ
ûСתˣתЩ⣬ⲻ뵽ġ
岻˵֪Ҳ˵
Ҳӱܵʱѵá
ȥѾ϶ŵӪſڣӪ϶ҲڷܣǴŲҲľˡ
嵽ǰ϶æųŹ񣺡϶Ųμл֮
϶ǸˣҲܻˡ
ܻȫǰˣһСҽ˵¡
һǸл
˾ˣϹ壬϶׼˾ǹ塣
˼Ҳˡ
̧ʾ϶϶Ҳ˹
СǴ忴ȥһ᣺СŮ
СǡƱСǣ忴үŮ
һ£ƣ˸ŮƵġ
š
忴СǣúøŰѧ򡣡
һ¾סˣ岻֪ĻǶ顣
ڴطŮҽ߼ǰˡ
ʵѾǲˣЩŮҽڴ˼ҵĺԺʵ輧ҽĽɫԺĴ򣬻ȡһЩ˼ҵˣԼҪеĿˣ˵˾ЩҽļҼˡ
ʲôõģ
ưѻӹȥүҲСʲôŮҽҵŮҪʲô飬Ҳ档
Ůҽã
Ըоĺⱻ֪жŮˡ
Ʋүݱְ֪ķ½֮ŮҽûУ˷ŮҽطŮҽһȣŮҽΪȣһŮҽרڹߵģΪ󹬵֮ΪҽҽҲԸϳңϸӿ԰Ůҽʹ͸ǣְҵŮҽǵĳλߵȣҲ࣬𾴣ȵһЩǮ˼ңٸһЩŮҽˣЩŮҽǿΪ˿õʱһԹ˳ңһдˣʵŮûʲô
С⺢ϲҪŮڽʲôҲܣѧҽʲôͿԼˡ
ŮҽҲϣֻǸ򣬺Ůûйϵ
ûеһֺ͵֣ҲΪڶԡ
Ůҽ£үջذɡ
һѿ˵ĺǸʮĴˣλȥϲ˸ҰŮҽ£һЩİ飬ϳͲ
˵깬üȥپϵƭˡ
ƺ⹬ķӦС˵ģǹŮҽĵλ¡
СǱϾǸӣ˵Ĳȫ棬ֻ֪ŮҽǹĴ˷еļӾ򵽺Ժȥ
ʹһЩˣŮҽҽˡ
ƱŮҽȻǷ߿һʲôΪ˶žЩϰ磬ҪΪǿС
˵ɡ
ŴСȥԷûŮ˾ûҪŮͺ޲ðռԼġ
޹ҲĽ˷ΧСתϧСǲˣŪ޹żŮˡ
һֻЦҲŮ
ŮãŮ޹һ
ָ϶ſ˿϶źܾ棬˵ûô飬ҩѾ˴룬ȫɡ
(δ)

ʮ ǲ

Ҫڳ٣Ҫ顣
ȥЩӣ˳Щȥ￴һЩ¹ˣһЩصˡ
ƻһݣΪʱóһʼûȥΪģҪкЩӡ
ˣذʼΪẦǡ
һȥ˵Це˵ȳҪ٣پкܶĲƱˡ
еĺ˵Ҫʶ֡
˵ʲôĶУƺȻ֣ЩӶ
СŰƵ֣ԼߣƵģ
ƿСǣ̲סҪ
ǰѺӶȥҪȥľ
ĪСǣСȥľ
ľԽĶ첻࣬Ʋðľʱ䣬˽̸д֡
ΰƽţľڶ飬һɫ·洩һƤõں͹ߡ
һ߸ߵķ٣Ͳһˡ
˽ţİľת˹ȥʦ
š
ƿСǣľҵͽܣʦְɣҵŮҲʦˡ
ʦ֣ҽСǣꡣ
СǺܹأľСЦЦ
һ棬ľ棬鲻֣õ˱Сǿ˵Ҳᣬ̸ľ顣
һ߿ӣ棬š
ˣƲŴС뿪
ƻȥѾڣæӪԶԶĿˣ̤ʵһЩ
ҵʱﲻʺϰƴŸӵߡ
رǵ֪˶ŮҽĿܱ΢ʱ򣬹͸ˣжల˼ˣŷġ
ˣ忴ƣѰƵ˹ȥ졣
עӰ졣ưȥСǻȥ
Ӻţһ𣬰˼飬򵥵˵˼䡣
ʲôʣƵ½ˣ
Ϻ
ү˼ǣ
˵
ӪʣҲ˻ȥСǽ϶ŸӪʡ
Ϸޣһ֪ô¡
Ӫʰȥʹ壬¸߰ƣѾȥǹľ
֪Ǵӿ칥ǹˣֻҪ˵ǹȥɢҥԣ˵ǹľӲΪ͢ףǹĹͻӿٶȣ⼸ʵ
Ĳ࣬Ҳڶʣ˵Сǵ顣
СǸŮӣ߲Ǻܷ㣬ľҪõţҵСǸңҲû취æСͻȥ
⿪·ãŰɣͻȥҪʱ䣬һ¶пܣȻû£ԺҲû¡
Ǻðɡ
Ϣˣڶ¡
ǳѾٵĲ࣬ҪǰУҲ͸뿪ˡ
н˼죬ڵһǳأƻͷѾӰĹųǣôȥҲ֪ʲôʱܻȥ
ѹ㰲Ӫկ̽ǰĺ̳ǴŴ򿪣سǱʿѾˣǲԸֿԶ˳š
̧ʾʱͷһ۰ƣƵͷһֻٻ䵽Ƶļϣ˵Щ̷ˡ
ȫԭشʱӷɻڰƵĶ˵ʲôƵͷ˵һȥɣӾȷˡ
ԽȥƸ߹壬˶ܺ棬ֻйƶƵĵͷζʲô
漴ԸҪ֮ͣǰӪǰǳأǳأӪÿǳһسǣٽ򸾸ƺ󣬻ΪȷƽΪ۷ԼԮ롣
ϽΪʱǳأΧ˲оΪһٽΪ
ҪǳأҪ֮ǰںڳⰲӪկʱʱ󣬼ݳǳأӪˣͣ£Ӫˡ
ٽ
ʱǰ鲻ҶԹгɼңñ֮
ĩڡ
鷭һϵӸ飺ֻҪֱҪʲôԴӦ㣬㲻³ç£಻ɸˡ
ǽ֦Ҷ𡣡
̣ס˵ĩ
Уɼɣɼǳأǹȥ
㲻 һȻɱͷ
ĩס
忴򻪽ٽϣȥʱ׷ͺڷˣٽûڵоԴ
ֱðû뵽ɱҪɱȷ٣
ĩ
ʱŷԸС
ڡƾڹߣһƥ
ݣ𷿣ҽ󷽾ɣв͵񣡡
ǡ
֪һͶҪʳŪ󷽾ף˵ԼŪġ
ҵЩƱñߡ
İţҲ˶Ŀˡ
(δ)

ʮ ȴƯ

ƽʱٶǰУƺ͹岻òȷֿ˵˼仰ƽӹ˺󷽾
ǰУȥ˰ƣøɰƣаƺúš
һãȻҲ벻龹ȻˣĻ
Ƿˣ
ƼֱǱŵˡ
Ż뿪ɰúõĿһۣɰ򿪣Ӻɰóվдż֣һ
ưȥǱߣʱ廹ûߣҲûһУĺûй˵ϵЩˡ
ưһ۹壬ûиһЦ
Ź͸ŴˣƷе
ô˵棬˵鲻ҪʲôӦ˶ãҪһ֣Ҫĸ֣ɴñ濾ꡣ
ʱȻӮⳡ̻һŮˣȢ˻飬ҲȢǲ鷳ء
Ҳûʲôǲûóѵġ
ƱһĸоҲû˵ʲôҪץʱ׷ǲӣðѸŪĶŪ֡
˻ǵ׷棬ϰƹ˺󷽾жҪܶࡣ
ƸԼһСǺͰľϣϲܳ;棬ڹȳǵǡ
ƵҲܿ죬Ҫǧˣһǳغܿ׷ˡ
ҲȷжʳŪһʳһ롣
ʣµĵ˳ǳأҵλãϰȥԺȥҡ
ʳǳģڲƱʱˣߡ
ܿͻƵǳأ繬ϣƵ½ץǳصĽ춼ŵЩǳظɴ򿪳ţͶʿˡ
Խǳأ͵ǰǹһ룬͵Ϣʱ׼ʱǹĴүͽ顣
Ϊ˼򣬹˴ͽˣ˵ð֮ˣ˵ֻʶİϣһŲʶ
үˣڶʤ׷ֱȥ
ǹǸ˿ڶСң
˰£ǹͱʮ¡
Ҳʷһˡ
ĺǹͬ衣
ǹľ¹ûȤˣǹľΧȥ
ʮٳ£ڳһﴦڷһӣϵǹŴ򿪽ȥ
ѾͿʮǵн鱦Լʳڸо޹һᣬԳˡ
ڹվš
үȥôСʣ忴һ۰ơ
ȥѾҪˣ治ȥεĻɨ¡
үΪʲôţ
һ׷ȻӦˣͲʧˡ嵭Ȼ
ʣүȻȥһȥ
ȻȥɣҪ²뿪ôҲҪΧǹ֪ҴǺǵġ
ƺЦѵץƵ½ŻˣүŻ±
ΣһĿƶҪǹʧȥƵ½̫ӾİֱѺڴĻɢնԳ͢ʧȥΣ˵ǹɢҥԣôôףǹһ£ʹ˾
ǹΧˮйͨôȥʳǶҲˣ˵ǹϻӹǸ̰֮ͽŲԣΪŵ˽־ء
ǹн죬Ҳǻá
Ʋ²⣬֮ԲǹǣҲΪ˿ûͣЪЩʿܶˣٴδܴĽȥ
һ͵ģԽǴԽǿ
ǿܻܿһ¡
ȽʿǶ˾һǹľ
Ҫǹй֮˿̻ϲһ˿ŤתǬ
ù壬ͺðˡ
Ҫ˹壬ˡ
ʱţҲǹ˳ͷڹƵĲϳ
ǻᣬպø˹һѶϢûʲô֮ˣǰµǸ˻ЩҲڣǲڣǹһԲںҲýȥѾˡ
ڣԹƢȻҪץ˲ɡ
ﲻɳ¶ˣôǹսٹ֮Ӿ£ǹľⲻǸϷ
еĲˬҪ˴ҵŭ
Ҫڣ˴󶯸ɸ꣬Ҳ±ķ½ϵЦɡ
һ˵ĳ֣ôٹ֮Ӿ£˵ȥܶˡ
ǹǴһʵ顣
Ϊʣʱᡣ
ֻҪǸ˲ǹľ棬ͿԲܣҰеĹƸǹǹ԰׳գʹĹ
˵ˣ۸ң۸ҵĴ۾Ǳ֮
ĿĴﵽ׷ɱɰнС
ָ֣ӮˣȴƯ
(δ)

ʮ س

˵Σûش
忴һ۰ƣҪֿʱ򣬷Щ᲻ˡ
·Сģ
У۵׵ľᣬƻ浱ԼǰСˣûϵһˡ
ʱ˶ˣҲʵˡ
ҲʱڵĹϵ䣬ûм̫˶ûɹڡ
һᣬƽ˲ҪԲҵ顣
ϡ
Ƶͷϡͺá
Ҫˣһ߶ҪȥͰס
黹ûȿ壬ƾʧڹˡ
ɷ/Σһ˸ŽɫĹâ
һȺʿ޵У˭棡
˲ŤͷȥҰƣлû˵ء
Сһ׷һߺͻʿ֮УһһΪѣһ߿飬Ǻ˲ǳ
һңεߡ
ƿﵽ˵Ļ飬ƺһ̻Ҳʶʲô
ҲСˡ
ת뿪һ뿪˴
ʱ䣬ҹ̣ɶʮ;ͣŹһ鹬ٵӣʮǳسͨ衣
һ·Ʋҵ飬¿вˣ뿪ȥһۣϢʱҲϡٵĵط˼·
ִس͵ˣƼѡ
ְμͿǰƸͱ°ݼ
̷ض񡣡
ƿһƹ񣬵ͷƹҲοܻ
ƽôͣ͵ͷ
ˣ˼ѾسǼֶ·ҲѾķԸѾȫðˡ
ׯׯׯʮҵƹѾӪҵļҩ̣һҽԺ
Ƶͷſƹ񣺡ƹأ
ķԸѾǮׯ
Ǿͺá
ƻͷ϶źСǡ
ͣСǣ϶ţаľʶɣ
ľ֪ͳŰľЦ
ߵȻãߣҲϰɡ
ְ
ֻǶƬ̣뿪
ȥأ˲µʱ䣬ʱѾ︴ա
Ƶھͣ£Сǵ˽ͣƻѣ̽ʥ
ǰӭӰƵǶͶ˲ܹȥڱס֡
ƺͶ໥˰ݣ²˳٣Ҳδ˵ʲôƸŶһ
ץŰƵ֣ȴû˵
һ˲Ǿ⻹Ǿڣľս¡
ʱ˭ҲԸ˵ʲô
ʹһͬ͵ʥ
Ƶĵá
Ʋμϡƹؿͷ
ϵ۵Ȼɡ
лóӣࡣ

СæܵƵǰӹܵϵ۵ǰ˫ַϡ
ϵ۴ӣƿʼ
̹ǵǹɨǹǹɢʮӵʮ
ǹղˣ·ϣǶӵʿǡ
ʱƽӵķɸ紫䣬ǹѾͶԸò
ֻȫǹ
ϵۿڵĴ󳼣ڰοⳡ̣ҾȫʤʲôҪ˵ģ
ϣǹַҴͼҴ Ӿ£Ѿ֤Ҵ
ҴҪ˵ǹΪʱ硣
ϳΪֻҪǹóҴãɰǹˣҲǹĴ緶̫ȵ
ϵۿأ
飡飬Ҳ顣
ϵۿƣȥĸ밲ɣЩĸǼǹǣʱ߶
ˡ
뿪Ҳˡ
뿪˼ǹ顣
ƴ˵﹬̫밲Űƣھİƣæӭȥū밲
𡣡
ƷźæŰָ˰ƣŰơ
ƫģҾͲˣ˴Ȥ
æȥ˵ȥץסһֱֻۣǾ߰ɡ
˶ĺЦʱڣǶ﹬
ʼ̫Щڣˣϲˡ
˵ﳯ﹬аݼ̫󲻵¾ͽˡ
̧ͷ̫ϸƣˣ
ˣĸˡƵͷЩģЩᡣ
ȥһֱһˣ񲻹ҲûʱͬգҪˣߵЩˣܻİɡ
(δ)

ʮ ǾӸ󰲾

̫һᰲƣȥȥ̫ߵĵط°ɡ
Ʋδžˡ
˰Ѱ͵û¡
ĸ󣬶ҪȥĸǱ߱ϲȸˡ
ȥɣ·СЩӣĸNɪģÿμ涼Ҫ԰һ£˭ûƵġ
ȥɡ
̫̲ģЦ绨ء
ȥͶ˵Ҳӡ
ū
뿪˳ȥ
ûˣ̫𹥴ǹ飬ƼҪ˵һЩȴĺףȫʿǵŽñ
ʳӲƱȴû˵
̫Ҳûʲô˼飬üƣ̫˵иСϲҪŮ
˵ǸСҽһ·ϰ˲ˣ˵˵Ѻ󷽾ɣڴĺ֮ǡ
̫˵Свܣĺ󷽾׷ȷûһʱ
ЩǰϵԤðӪկĵطȴȵź󷽾Ӫʣ׼ˣԹͿϢʡ˺ܶʱ䡣
ڣʮǣû
ѵأһа٣һٽʱ˻˾Ԯٽա
ǰӣԾҽ֮߱ͬͬסھӰܴ󡣡
̫󵭵˵ѾʼðҪɱǸǿ
ô죿
£֪ˡ
Щô̫͸һ˿˿Į
˼ûˡ
һҲûУ֪Ҫһ㱾ֵַĲɡ
з磬˺мŹʵʱ
Сһ£
ʦسҿŮɡ
̫Ѿҹȥʰɡ
ǻǸʲô˱ҲǼģνʤ
̫Ҳδزӣʱɡ
ˣлĸ۰
ߣ۰㣬Ǽü󱦱Ϊǣˣɡ
Ժû˲عˣôˣҲһ˸£ҲˣȻȥԡ£֪˵ء
ȥˣϢϢ£ͰѴ󱦱ǱЩûˡ
򷢺ȥ˼ΣִҪ˵δ̫ƽ˵ʲôϰǱ
ҲǿˣԼӶ뿴Ϳ
̫һͨԹæŰôأһҵͿˣĸģȥϢҵ̫飬㱧Ŵ󱦱ĸ󡣡
ȥɡ
̫ܸˣһȷʵӣ״ʹˣð֮ɽNɪ
˴󹦣̫й⡣
ƴӳ﹬뿪ǰͥ䣬ϹܼҺƽſվţһûС
ƾûˡ
Ϲܼҿȿˣһһѵġ
Ʋã֪꣬ˣ֪ĻΪƽ۸ˡ
ˣⲻǻˣǰȥ˵ƽҲᣬæŲȥ漴Űưݼ
ƽμӡ
ɣˣȥɡ
ţƽ͹ܼŰƽš
·ƽ˵δ𲻱Ҫ鷳ӭ˶ǰȺ򡣡
ţŰɡ
֪ƽǸϽˣЩ²
أ
ھӸǱտǡ
СǺͰľأƻǺܹӡ
ҲھӸ󣬵ǡ
ʲô
ʱҲھӸСǺͰľҪ¡
ܡ
ƹϾܾˣҲǻ˭Ҫ͸˭
ƽ˵ƽ²Ҳ˸ûӦԸŹ֣ǵСǺͰľˣһֱǡ
һһȥСŻˣȥǰ
ǡ
ǰǰģƽţ˵Ǹˡ
һûĸоǸˣαˣ
кɢƱ˾Ӹ
ǾӸˣ񣬺ź󹫿ź˳ɨԺӡ
ˣ˾ְæµ
ƽԺӣ˳һ߿һȭͷ߳ͣһ£˸ӣСˡ
̧ϸһᣬżԣˣ
ɺã
иû
һͼǹģЩ֣ˣ
ˣҸ㿴
˼Ǻܼͷȥס
ãס
(δ)

ʮ 

ƵջȥȤʣ˵ĲܹŹְ
ƣԽµʣգ˴̳޲ʺڲ˰󣬵ϣȥ칬칬ϻҲ֪Ǻ¶ǳζʣһŻ
һ㵣˵Ļ
ͷһԺˣ˼װûû⡣
ƽ΢΢ͷûӡ
һҲһװûƹȥˡ
һЦ񣡡
ͣ£תҲתƣĿӣתߡ
ƽתһתŰȥ󱦱
ƿţƾͰԺˡ
ǲװ飬岻ϳˡ
ʱڵȰƣƿûס
һݺӣæȥˡ
ãɴҲ
ƽſһ£
ϽݵĿ
ӶԸŮСϻҲصĸŴ֡
ƿһᣬѰƿޣⲻǺúõĻˣҲ¸Ц
ûޡ˵ûޣ̲סصĿ
ǰ취ûУôŰްɣޣᣬԼҲſޡ
˸ҲˣҲŲᡣ
칫һ߿һЦЦͲᡣ
޹ˣᣬ˵𣬵ڵĵطڣٲгȥˣҪȥ̣Լȥ㲻ȥҪӦھһͷײȥ
ưŷӦͷš
Ųˣǲİƣ˵̣ͷǷŹˡ
ȥ󱦱ֿһͨ
С岻֣ļҲʾȥףȻڰƵΧš
Ҳû뵽ȥһ˻󱦱ˣˣǶˣСҲˣһһΡ
ûСʱƬ϶Сʱûÿ⼸󱦱ǳ˻ôСôÿ˻˵ã
ƿ˭ϲС£⺢Ųļ綼ȥ󱦱ǲܣС糤ƽ۾ǣżʲôȤ飬۾һ׾Ͱ۾ˡ
βСϻһСһСſš
Сϻ˲٣һֻèſСߣһȳ裬ͷԵģ˫۾ǶŰƿ
Ҳһ飬Сϻϻе㲻һˡ
Сϻ˿СϻԴ
󱦱ѵСϻæΧСϻץ
СϻܹɵĸƱţϸһᣬСϻһ
ֵĿС壬Сϻһ
ưСϻ£
ʣôˣ
ûʲôи²⣬Ʋ˵ǿС
һᣬƲſˣ칫һߣ̾Ϣһūһ뵽Ҫ͸˵˯ء
칫ˣǣˡư˵Ҳ֪ʲôʱģƿǵһлл
һߵҲû˵ʲô˵һỰСʣǲô㲻ţôô
Сۿף˰죬ְ۾ˡ
ѾϰˣСӾô䡣
ȥǻ棬ҪȥУϢ
ƱСȥĸ󱦱뿪ıӰֻĽķˡ
СϻҲҪţһβ;ͱץסˣתβͣСϻһί
СϻȻϵǰСϻҷľϻ
ƽСϻǴ粽ĸСģ䵥ˣβɲͲҶ⼸󱦱ˣǶˣ
СϻſڵϣεԴ󱦱ڵóˡ
ô󱦱Ĳԣֻ֮ܲɽǡ
һп⼸󱦱ǵһССѾˡ
Ҳ˵ԸСϻƽǲС岻ˣΪ綼׵Ļ۸С壬Ҫ۰С塣
СϻȲƽϣտɲС
ҪС岻ڣСϻ䵥ʱʰһ
֪ԸСϻ˵һСԴ棬ɶǳصġ
Ƶ˵طƽƿŰƿ棬ֻ˴еڵؿ棬һףĺȲ裬ǰСǺͰľˡ
ƣվ
Ȼȣ£
(δ)

ʮ ѵķ

ͻĺǳ⣬Ѱƶһοˡ
ƽҲס̧ͷӣӺ⣬Բ¡
ƱСģ˼ǲƴֵˣҵ
ҲŻˡ
ƿӣƺ׼˭Ҳûķ飬ûŵҲ֪ӶûͷǿŰƣƺ֪ƻᱣǡ
ƿһӣȥǡ
ͣѻС彻ľš
ľᣬСЩҡ
˵ʦСӣ㽫Ҫߣ㶼ұô£
ľ׹СıסС壬С۾ǰ꣬ѵвŰľ
һᣬС忴һߵСǣСҲڿСĿͣСǡ
Ʋ죺СС㡣
С岻Ը⣬ҪСǣҲǷˣȥһߣƽæϱӡ
ľС嵽ǱߣСҲ˹ȥС£Сŵ˫Сű۾Ϣ
֪С޵ģһ޷ģľǽˣСĿȥġ
Щˡ
ǰúãƷԸƽȥߣŷ鿴ȥ
Ӻ˺ܶ࣬˰µҩҩˣ˵ƵҩǻۣҩҲǼʱ滻˷ڡ
鰮ɫ·ҲǸɫˣϴһ죬˵ĸоӦǾ޵ģƫƫܿš
ֻҲûʲôǲϡġ
֮ǰЩԣ˻飬㲻ôˡ
һɽһɽߡ
ƣȥһˣոʤǰˡ
ǰªڳªޱȡ
һЩ
ĿƬ̣ȿڣ
ãҩûɡһưĶƲϵӡ
Ҳ֪ģ޹ǱȲˣǲ˴أǸ׷ˣԿǿеˣ
ˣ֮Ͷѡ
˵ЩӱҪˣ˵ɣǮúͰƷϻָ̧˵
˵Ҫʲô
ҵĻֱ׳ģ治֪
ԭƴ֣
ǹЩӣڴԼ߹ҪЩӡ
ûǮˡ
һɱ֣ǰʲôõġ
ôǸһȵ
ȻûпǮҵǲȱģֻǷӻҪģҪ˵ʲôҲǿԳ֮ģֻǲ֪˵Ļģ
һлҲʵϾСһ书˷ǺӣǺúѧϰʱ򣬷˵ҪӦҲû
鱻˵ĲͷΪ˵õľСǣҲӽͣܽˣǳµˣȵˣȻǲյġ
۹ʶ飬ӱضǳ֮ԱҪǣý˱ˡ
ڱߵļ޹Ѿˣ˵Ůӣ֮ҪԷΪ졣
޹޼ޣѵü޳ȥȻԷƴӡ
ȻܳĻǲͲˡ
˵ҽҲͽܣոǸûõʦ֣ѧϰһЩûõĶʧ͸Ҳá
ߣʣһˣǱ
˸磬飡
ο˼˺ͱ£Ҫһˣһ㣬Ҫô
Ƶ׵ĵ˵ͷ
ԼǣҪֻΪЩһǲܴӦģҴǻϣǹϲСӹƧҾСõ㡣
Ȼ˵ЩˣҲҾͲ˵ˡ
ҾͰյľ߷Ҳͬ⡣
޻㵨汾㡭
С۾
СǺ֪Сʲô˴Ǳߡ
ϺѹѹһƬ˲ʲô˽
Ҳһ˵һ׷ķ顣
˴Ҳ˽
ֻȺѹѹĶӴųҲһͷѻ˲ϯ˷飬ѷΧסеѰŵöҶˡ
ľСǶŷûжѻ˲ߣ˿һѵķ飬кǽ˱˰ëȻȫû˿ˣǺӼӣʵü˵۾
²κҲΪĹǷûȤСеģǾԹˡ
(δ)

ʮһ Ҫظ

鶼ɵˣŰ˫۷ֱδΣȥСǵǰŶС壬ϰľСǣĸ뿪ȻԵá
˱Żˣʲôʱĸ

վߵԼ׼Ĵǰһ˸ߣҪߣΪҪӢա
λεߵͭǰͭһˣͷңѡ
ϵĺӸƽĵģ˵ȫֻ鴩ϲ촩ҪǳŮ˵ģû뵽ת֮ʱѾѡ
̧֣ץ½ǿţֶˡ
ү·鶼Ҫ޳ˣվſŵֱ£Ťͷ˳ȥź̧ͷһ˳Ϸʧˡ
洫˺ѵĺ޻
Цһ£ã
ƴСͰľǻȥǱߵķ䡣
ŰưѰľСǴȥ󱦱Ҳ˰԰ľȽ⣬˵кӾҪŮ;
ľǸӡ
СǣһŮӣôǺϲʱ޿Ǻá
˵ҿľ⺢֣ŵѧϰһЩգҲΪҳ
ΪҳǸӣôΪЧҿϲʲôѧϰʲôɡ
Ҳãľʦ书ѧѧڴĿŰľľͷǴӦˡ
£ƽƽСǣСǻҪæҸ˰㣬СҵŮڸӣҪ׼Ժӣʱ׼ԺӳӸʱסš
ƽ֪ˡ
ƽżӶϲСǣСǸϲСߴš
һ߹۲죬ּӶϲСǣСм䣬ǰС壬һŰľ
о֣ͺСⰲСģΪ˱Сġ
ƿһ˵쿪ʼľĴܼңҲĸ磬ǲҪľ磬Ǽҷź
СǵĽ㣬ڽ㣬Ȼ۵ġ
Ժ˭۸СǣҪͦ/Сǽ㣬аľ磬ڱ곤ԺǳˣʹˣʱҪչǡ
˵ֻ꣬۰ľڲʮ꣬ľʮһ꣬ôҲǽ㣬ʱǵûô࣬ͰѰľͽܣҲڷˡ
Ծɡ
󱦱ŰƣҲֻʱ򣬰ƾǸףǸ󱦱ѵʱ
ʱûкܶˣ칫Ȼȥˡ
˵ôСָʲôҷ㣬Ҳûмҷһúõġ
ƽͣôһֻŮһ߸ˣҪûеأŴ˻˵á
֮Уӽ£˭ܹǣ
뷴ܣŮǿƵԷˡ
ƿû˵󱦱ǶˣСϻ׳ƳſСǵǰܹɡ
СǲСϻҲ֪ʲôôèܷʣ
Сϻĺܱûôÿ׳è
ľҲСϻֻǾ棬Ȼֻϻ
뿪Щ£Ҫȥ϶š
Сǣȥ϶ţҪǲľ͸ѾߵſˣСһæվС彻ľˡ
󱦱ǶСǣȻͿʼľ
ĸ󱦱ˤѡ֣ʼʩչԵĹĿĶȥҰľ
ľСڱϣִ󱦱
ãһӣְ
ƽҲãǺ֡
꣺¶ûȥˣһұȥˣǼչˡ
ȥ˾ͻҪȼ˵Ҫߣƽѯʡ
λȥҪס죬˵ܼҵĸԽãܼҸҲˣ˵ĸ׵ʱҲΪĸ鷳̫̫ҲҲڵЩ꣬չơ
Ҫסʱˡ
᲻ü󱦱᲻Ůոջôá
Ҳ̫˽ϹܼҵĸҪȥġ
ƽʣǽȥ׼˻ϴתůˣĴ¿׼ˣЬӣ
ǸСڵˣһ֣Щ˻׼Ͳصˡ
˵߾ߣʲôҲûͳˡ
ƽ͵ſڣһֱſڿŰһ˻ȥûӰˣſڿ
ƽȥͣ£˼ƽǱߣʽӳƿӣӣתȥ˴˳
ƽ񣺡
(δ)

ʮ ؼҵĶ

Ƹ϶ſ˲ȥ˿칫칫ƾ͸һͻᣬ˲칫̾Ϣ
˵Ҷˣ̾Ϣʲôҵû
زū£ߵʱūͺ£мζˣūⱲӶûô¹
ϧǸʱūҲûô¹
ԭΪūֻаϧͻϡ
ԴһأԴӰϧˣū벻ˣū䵽ˡ
ūûūҲ͵ͷˡ
ūǾãūûʲôƽǲǸ
ˣڵģ̫˸ˣʵ˻ܻģôҲҪҪǣŵʱһ͹ˡ
칫ͷǰ
뿪칫ŰƵͷȥȥˡ
ȥ˶ˣҲǻ˲֪˻û뿪
һȥˣһž̫ʲô
ⶼˣ궼ˣô˻Ѳ궼ûȥ
˰ƽȥ̫Ȼڡ
û˵ʲôʱģϷҲˡ
̫Ƴž̫ͷ̫Ҳһ䣺
ƽȥˣ˵ɫ
ˡ
ɨ裬ȿָĲˣԭѾûˡ
Ҳö˵ֻѯ˶
ž̫ˡ׼뿪̫˼ڱ߹սµ顣
ʱүΧǹǰӵϢǹѾӦһүˡ
ţǴǸĿʼ̫˵վ˵߰ɣ˼ȻˣҲûʲôɵˣԸϷȥ˰ɣ
̫һãĿŶˡ
˴һɫ·Щԥǲߵġ
̫Ȼûף˵㻹ʲôģⲻǺúõĻô
ǻˣȥҪִ̫û취ˡ
ƱȽΣվһҲҲǡ
̫ԴϬΪβȥϷѾˣ
ǲŵ¡
ʲô
Ϸ޳ܺ˼ƵΪ˼ǳܣҲﳤȥ
Ҳֻһ߼š
˿ʼ˵̫ż㵽˵
̫Ѿ˰޽˶˵ԺӣǱ߿˵ûоӸĵطһġ
˲ȥҲþ̫ˡ
̫ͣ˵ûҲʲôܶ˻ˡ
ʵϣҪ
ڣκŮӣƯСûʲôоΨ˵ʱ򣬺Сӡ
˶ϲᣬر˵ʱ򣬾ͻҪһ㣬˻ͺһʱĸо
̫ľ괺һ
̫ʱҲûжŮ˶ñйÿȢȥŮˣΪҪ
˵ʱ򣬷ָоſҵһΣʼΪԼˡ
һŮˣͳǵõɵˡ
ǡɣŮʧõĶȴ֨֨ŤŤ
Ҳ¾̫Ҳ£䵭ǶԼĺӡ
ǸӣС֪޸˾̫úˣ޸Ҫ޵ˡ
̫ĸϷ˶ãԻأ˺ӣҲǲܲʣҲˡ
ʵҵĺԺ˲ٵĺӣΪ˵Ĺ̡ܽ
ûһ£ұ
˺
֮߳һΪΪ˻ŶˣΪ˿ֶţп֡
˭Ҳˣľ
һֻͣʱǿֵġ
Ųȥ
֣ܿҲȥȥôˣϲ
̫һ£ȻҪ֡
̫һ£ž˵̫ҲаţԺԺ˵㣬û˸ɫ㲻˭Ͳ˭
ҲûСӰִֵʱǸӣİƺЦ
ںŸԺŮˣӼ˿ʼͶɼģһںԺͲ뿪ˡ
ǶˣӦһӶû뿪̫
뿪ˣ˲뿪Ҳ֮С
Сӣƻġ
ҲûкӣԺ˵̫ûкһ
̫룺պˣϷ
Ǿ鷳ˣһβףӵһȺˣҪ鷳סÿܿǡ
˵ĺԼĹѪ
̫˵˼ҵĺӣҪϲﲻҲУ
ǲһش󣬵Ǹ˶ѽѧĺӣǳǸģҲϲȥɣϲ
˵˵ȥǲȥ
̫ˣסʲô㲻鷳˼һ鷳
˵鷳ھӸ˲٣һֻǷţһȺҲǸϣ鷳ʲô
(δ)

ʮ 

Ҳʾ̧ͷ̫û鷳סĺúõģҪһȥҾͲȥ
̫Ĳ֪˵ʲôƶЦˡ
̫ҿĪðһլӣ̫Ҳȥȷʵܶ࣬ôˣȷʵ
Ҫðլӣúܴ󣬰Щˣ˹ȥסţҲ㣬⼸ҲҪȥ棬Ҿúʡ
ȻǲҪðլӣ̫Լˡ
Ǿ֪ðլӣԺģҲûС
Щģ̫֣˵Ǯ⣬ϷҲЩǮģҪǰլŪЩ˻㰲ˣǰͲҵ㣬ÿǸģʱ鷳
̫һ˵ˣȷʵ
ҪȥסǾҵһ
˾ǲܣ˭ܡ
ʩʩǸӣǲܣɻǹˡ
ĲۣʱƵǷˡ
Ƶû뵽
ˡ
˲ȥ̫Ҫߡ
룺ҪҪǲŮˣ֪ûŮӲң
̫ɫ䣺ףϲᵳӪ˽⡭
ûŮ˲Ⱦ̫˵꣬͸߰ƣ߹ȥ
Ҹͷ£Ҳ׼˽ܣһһҪõʲôĲһеʱʲôˡ
̫סƣ
ƿȥվ̫Ը⣬ҲԸ⣬̫ʲôطף
ϷһȹϵҲϲ¡
Ҫʦأʵ̫ǳĬˡ
˰ɣҿһȥɡЩΣһˣΪ˻ġ
ڿ˵Ϊûй
ˣֻʧ֡
̫˵ҪǴǱۣȷʵҪһҲҵѧֻǸӵѧϷѡ
ƿˣ˵ɡ
˱ˣ̫͸˱һ͸Ŷˡ
ˣžˡ
һֱųȥ͵ſڣ˿˳ȥˣȥѾˡ
ôˣһʣƿ֪ˣԲ֡
ôˣôˣ
ƻûЪ㴦˾ȥϢû뵽һ飬
˻ȥĴԹ϶ˣ뵽飬Ҳ֪ȥ˻᲻ʲô¡
˵㣬˳ҿС˵ӣôĹô
ȥǺ⣬һζ
ô󣬼ӻˣƴ˻ȥ˺Ǵӵע⣬Ҫȥ
ͣһ¼ߣԼܲԼ㻹ӣҶǰúˣͱˣʲôʱǶƿˣٸ˵Ȼ㻹⿪ڡ
㸮ұܣڻУҲʱһʲô£ô죿ôҽ
˵ĲıµĴ˵ƣֱȨˡ
ƴȥӸǱ߿ӣƽǱչţһСǰģζҪŮġ
㣬СǸҰɣұ֤ģһúñҪŲңҰ͵ҲСһ󣬺޲ðСǸߡ
ҲСҵͷ⣬˭ҲһԼţѾĴС㣬˻ϣĿôܸ
οԼҲκ˻СҶá
ǹСǣǵԵ֣ҲܷԵ֡
Ҳˣʱͻˣżʲô
˺ƵĿһСǣôʲô¶ˣСôƯСŮӦøҲŶԡ
ȥǹɣܼ񵽡
ҿûôõĸҲæⱲӶȥˣһӵĽӣ޸˶һϸˣ˵ȥŲţǲǺܱ
ѹˣޣ
һߣǺܿġ
˼ҵĺʲôãԼģʲôܺã
ѹţѯڸоôһЩܺá
ҿ뿴кŮ
ɨˣƿˣʲô
˺˼ɵ˵ҽǶ˵ˣǸŮ
ƿҲ˵ҽԸģǸŮ
ţûǸŮûֱ˵С ˣȻ֪Ů㻹ҪСǣⲻǶһô
Ҫ
Ϣֻû˵ȥſھŭ𣺡޻
һȥ£˫ֻˣǺסˡ
ӶûȥſڣŶ
(δ)

ʮ η

ҲǷˣûޣ治
ȥſ׼ţžͱ߿ˡ
Ʋ㱻ߵûվȺ˼ƽתסƣðûڵϡ
ƽ˻Ҫˣʲô
˵ûǵ顣
һ˦֣ߣĸҲҴĵطҰҰ
ѹû˵ʲôǿվȲ˵޻Щģ
뿪ƽɫãõȻ˲ʶ壬ֵҺǵˣҲ°ǶˣҼү϶ˡ
򲻹Ҽү۸ĸӡ
ٺ˵
ҽæ˹ŷߣƿƽϰŪãȰѴ󱦱ǴԺȥ
ǡ
ƽæŰţȥҷˡ
ߵſڣ˵
ûнѵҽƾˡ
ƿҽȥſҰƣţ̧һ߿˷ţߵſ˻ȥˤڹҽ󣬷ס
վȷ˵ţִ̧һſ죬ͽӡ
ҪٳѾˡ
ֱŭʲô
ȻǶҩ˵꣬ߵǰҵţԣŰɡ
˵갲תߣҽһסûʲôӿѾ˺ɫ̧ͷ촽ҲǺɫ
ҽɫãȥͭԼȴڰߡ
ү
ŭ˻Ҫȥʲôҵӡ
ס˵ʲôҪȥ
ȥֲִߡ
˵ҪǸߣҸһܣ
ô˵˲Ÿ뿪
һҧʮ¾ǲȫĵطܣ
ʶʲôܡ
ʽ˵֣
֣ôˣ
һߣ⻹ڵϮ飬޹ˣ֪Щ
ûǰϣ϶Ҳշ磬з飬ɼǸԼ֣˵󣬸ǽʿõһ֣ǰڡ
ؼϣĻ
ҪǱû´ûٹأĹؾڵ˲ñòĻ
еȷʵġ
ôǳ
˴ߣƻԺȥӣ뵽ҲסˣƱ
ҽڷȡһѪ˺ܶоûоô⿪
ⲻҽȥҰҩҲҪҽȥҽҩ
ҽҲΣֻòȥܡ
һʱ󣬷׳Ϻɫ˺ϵ·ͬˡ
ǸŮ˸ץ
ŭҽҲҵ飬ߵſæֻˡ
鲻⣺ôˣ
޻ʦͽܲ˺ʦүҲȥҽվſڲȥķͷۡ
ҹˣȥ麰ˣȥҰơ
յſھ͸סˣϢһ죬ո˵£Ź
ƶ˯ˣӶˡ
Ҳ󲿷ֶϢˡ
ˣСˣƽҲȥſڡ
ʣˣ
ˡ
˵ˣȫŧϻȥŪ㰬Ҷ衣
ƽȥߣŵ˻ȥ
ҽ˵ҶãҲǲǿԾˣֱŪ˰ҶһͰˮѷŵ棬Ūɳ׾ϳױ˸͸ͷһʼ⿪ѣˮ£ŵһͷԵȥ
ҽæȥҰƣƾȾˡ
Ƹҽָһ·ҽæ˻ȥŷżһϣϷ鲻֪˶ٱ龵ӣÿοĶˡ
վſţöûôˣһŮ˹ȥжѪ
ǸߵһûʲôͷӦ
ȥûвʹڲǸ˰ɡ
һϣѾĳĥҪˣƲŴš
ץסһߵĽڵָŰƣүҪɱ㣬үᣡ
ŷ飬˵İģӲҪǿҶͽܵϣ㻹Ϊһ㣡
ȣŮˣ
ÿͰˮֱȥд
˺͹ҽ˲תƣѷһӵϣ鿴ߵ˶ˣһ𣺡ء
ɱˡ
(δ)

ʮ ̥

֤漣ʱˣƿķ飬׷ɣһ¿裬һֻסƵĲӣҪѰɱˡ
һעŷķ飬һˮҪһĳֲŶԣڹʱȫ·һ⵽˰Ƶǰ㲻űסˡ
Ҳʲôֻעŷ鿴
оԣָɾ𪣬֮ǰҪϸˡ
̧ƿϵͷ֣֮ǰҪˣиˡ
תȥͭǰվϸϳ׺ˡ
˺Ҳ𾪣رǹҽȥ׷ơ
һ£źصƤãһһ߿ӸټԺ棬ɵ̾ϢһûүڣҾ͵ñ۸Ҫɱңүڣҵ
ƽЦ£Ӹջˣүˣ
ȥƽƽҲϲˣͲô
ƽЩ죬˵ͷǿ϶ģҲֻܷ
ŶתͿȥǱƽҪСһЩĿȴء
ƽʱҲãƺһܶŮˡ
ƽ΢΢ͷϲһˣҪϦദÿ춼ܿģÿ쿴˼ͻ֡
˼ˡƺЦ
ƽû˵ʲôֻǳĬ
֪˵ҲͲȥʡ
ƽȴ˵ֻǺһˡ
氡ϲʲôˡת뿪ҽѾ׷ˡ
ҽһ׷һߺʦ
תҽһСˣһʮͽܣЩڡ
ˣ䡣
תеͣҽѾ˰Ƶǰʦ
ҽƶʱˣһĺʦ
Ц££
ʦһֱоⶾҷֶԽǽⶾԽҪġ
Ū˰ݣˮ͸ˣƤĢӵˣҪˡ
ȫǺɫģҲˡ
Ϊʲôˮͻָԭӡ
ҲԵҩǶҩͨ徭ѪҺģĲʵϣѪ裬ᣬҲ֪ΪʲôȷʵãǺҲ֢
ⲡΣ̫ã벻ôܸΣֻһһȵ
뵽Զ
ѹģҲͨȫѪ֮ҪΪ𶾺ĺԲŻȫˣΪҪ壬һֶֹҩ
һϣѾ˼ޣĸͷֵ١
ǲʲôȫԸ٣ԺͲͬھ͵ĸɲ㣬͸ͬھ
ȫǣǸѪŶġ
ɸ࣬ȫɾͻ˰ɡ
׼ʱ䣬һصʱĸֲ֢Ҳ
һˮȥϸܴ̼ΪɱңĶأȫð𣬹ﵽ塣
ʱϻðɫ̥ǡ
ȥˣˣԺ󲻻ԣͬ΢ĸҲʧˣҲ֪ǲܲ帡ġ
ȻҲƾ
Щˮҩọ̈̄ҩˮٽĿٻָ
ҽͷճɵɵĿŰƣȻҽ˵ô˵βҲö
֪ҽⷽĳԣΪ˲ùҽ߻ħɴ˵ɣд㣬ȥоһ£ⱾʵԶкȶˣһЩ϶ѡ
ҽĸˣллʦ
ȻͽܣʲôȻҪ̸㣬ͼס¾ͳˡ
£һúˣԺûʦҲɱȥɱˡ
أ˵עģģùңˣҲ㣬ֻҪҪҽ̸Ķȥ˾С
ƽȥдⶾķӸ˹ҽҽܸ˵ˡ
ҽܻȥʰƣʦǻöˣ
öҪ׼һЩϵһˣö֣ȫжѱѧҡ
ҽ˷ܣ޲Ħȭһ
ͻȥооо˾ʦתҽˣƺЦһֱ˵ǸӣǺЦ
﷢紵ϵ˿ķԭ;ɫ񿴣һʵˣĲʳ˼̻·
ҽæžͿתһͷī磬ַŵסҽŭǸŮأ
ҽס֪
(δ)

ʮ 

ƿ˿󱦱׼ˣҪԷˡ
ƽˣ㰲ƳԷΪʲôֱӸβַʽ
һ߳һ˵ǲõˣΣδؿҾȰɣպþͽεĻᣬԶѣҪˣҲΣиһοĸԼΪ˾
ƽЦӺܷȤ
ҲԵ㡣ƳԶűһǿ忪ƽæȥż󱦱ŵķ˿ˣͷһҲ˵ϡ
ȷͣ£վſҲ
ƽĿ䣬עſڵķ顣
עŰһ£漴̧֣ѰƵϵķ˹ȥһס
˵ȻҰϡ
Ʋ˹ȥ
סûӦŰƳ˹ȥ
ʶ̧Ҫסƣ徹ȻŰƵ˹ȥһѱס˷飬ˤ˸Ͷͱ
ƻ£鵹
ͷüĲ᣺㻹ǷҪʲô
ƴóⶾ裬󿪷°ֱͣȥžˣһƿ˷顣
ͱôӿˣָĺѸ٣ҩ˾ûˡ
߻ȥѵϵķ
˲ڵûʵоˣѾûˡ
û˺͹ҽΪҪˣæȥ顣
˵ȥůͣүҪ˯
һ޴룬˼ҵĹ뷿Ҫ˯
ô㣿
ҽģæŸ鿴˿ȷû²顣
֪εĲ
ȥɣ󲡳ȷʵʺˡ
ҽЩûףûã
żͰѹҽȥôȥûˣøԼˣȥɡ
˰Źϣƽſӣȥ㰲ƳԷ
ڵţһֱԹû顣
ƽʰʰ˵ҵȥҲ֪ôˣżӻȥһ£Ҫһˡ
ȫ鲻ˣȥǳӻ·ˡ
ƽչ˼ӣûô飬תʱ䣬Ͳˡ
ƽ֪ˣôŪߣˣʡȥ鷳
ƽϵۣѹҪ˵Ļϵۡ
֪ˣòƱˣϵߵǰϸƣֻǵ˵ͷûʲô˵ĸɴ಻˵
ô˵ʲô뷴ڣ޻ϵ뿪ǰĵŵǴΡ
Ҳˣ˵
ϵ۵ͷͷ̧ûʲôܿġ
ҡƣͲý
Ҫްæôϵ˳һֻ̧֮ͷϵۡ
ϵһ£ƣĿⷴˡ
޲ǶˣҲǺˮޣʲôϵ۸ǸӣƵ治Ұϵ۵Ļ档
Ϊ黢ԿһˣҪǻԣùĻ˵ֱײɡ
ϵ۶Űƿһᣬһתȥˡ
Ҫˣϣˡ
վŰɣȻôϲޣǾͶ࿴ϵ¿ʼȲ裬Ҫվ
鲻ƺڰСĵˣ
ϵһЩ߹ص飬Ҳ˵һЩ飬˵ʺһֱ乬˵ˡ
ƴӣ˯ˡ
ǵ鰲ƲģֻҪ뿪ȵʱ򲻻ˡ
ϵߵǰ
ľҲˡϵ˵ʱһ£̧ͷƿϵۡ
ϵ漴˵ʧˣƭġ
תϵۻȥ̨ϣһȥһ˵ȥɡ
Ʋ̫ľޣǺҪӣôô˻ûУ
ѵ˵ľ⣿
ϣȥٵȥľޡ
ˣҲ֪ٵǾͻȥɡϵת£ڿƣʼĺصۡ
Ƹˣ뿪ʹ
ܼľޣ뿪ʹ
ƻ·ʰô
ȥˡ
ȥʣٵ顣
ǡ
ƽ£Ѱƺƽ뺢͵ˡ
˵Ůźӻˣһȡ
ͻˣŷֿӺԺģ˵󱦱ǺŮˣæȥſڡ
Ůˣÿ˱һӣæ˹ȥô䣬ôˣ
ûµģкûеԿôУ䡣
ƱżֱӽȥˣæŰŪůһЩ
˵ƴźӻˡ
(δ)

ʮ ľδ

ˣΪ˿ӵģ󱦱һůϣ۾ڱʯſڽˣ֪ǲΪǶÿЦҲܸӣƽʱôЦ˽ֺܻˣ˭ЦҲ˭Ц
ãôƯ֪ΪŮأˣʱ찡ϴλʱ򣬻أء
ɲǣأôЦ
ǣСã˻ǽ
ǡ
඼˵æģѵûҪ£Сģܼأ
ںԺĸ׿첻ˣ⼸춼ʼˮײˣôȥ⼸ˣҲ֪ô졣
ǸТӣÿϾͶޣ޵Ҳ֪ˡҲܡ
ʣܻô
һܻô˰ϣ˵˲ޣǶޡ
˵£ͺܳء
ϲȻÿ˶ҪģĸҪеʱӵĻǻѹ
˭һڵġ
ƱСʣǸҽô˵ģ
ҽ˵ˣްɣ˵ҲʮˣϲɥҲûʲôǵˡᵽȻͲôˡ
ʣȻȻԵģΪʲôԲˣ
ҽˣ˵ʹ˲Զûʲôԭ򡣡
ȥƱСţһߣƲؽʲôƽչ˴󱦱ǡ
Сǣľƽǣȥ˺Ժ
һһ˵ܼҵ顣
ܼҲĸ׵ӣǸģ̫̫һû飬ŹܼңʱԲϷҪܼҡ
ܼʲô˶ûĸҪ
ƵԺϽݣϹܼҺͼϹܼҵļˣһС𾪵ˣ˵Ÿӡ
С㣬ɲУȥܼһæҪƳȥ̫̫ҪˣܰѺӱӰ˺ӡ
ƿȥ̫̫ѻС˰ȱš
ưС彻תȥ̫̫
Ÿľ̫̫һͷ׵ͷɡ
ס̫̫֣ɨ裬һɨһʣˣ
̫̫Űư˰֣ȴ˸֣ʮˡ
ʣԷˣ
̫̫ҡͷ
С㡭ˣ̫̫ĺܣƵͷ
ǰһˣӦġư̫̫£ѰС屧̫̫ǰ̫̫
̫̫Сʱ򣿡ƹСŵ̫̫ߣ̫̫ŵҪܰźӡ
Ҳ£С۾Ӧ
̫̫ҶŵģҼǵСʱû˯ҹҵġһҩ̫̫ŵ
ƷԸңȥҵҩ̫̫ĲΡ
ǡ
תˣ˶һ
ʣƣˣ
Ů֪˵ʱ򣬾ǻϣ
ǣθ̫̫Ķûʲôʱ䲻Զ岻ãӪϲȥȴһ룬а׵ףţӦܾˣҪͨ磬Ҷȳȥ
ƷԸˣȳȥ
ܼҲ˲ᣬӦȥҰƣС㣬ƭ˵ģ
ƭˡ
ҩ佻ƣȸ̫̫룬˰׵ס
°˵θʹڲ𣬾ˡ
ĸҽô£ˡ
ܼ˵ǸĸҽĸҽҶˣǵ£СҽҪȻǲ֪Ǻˡ
⣬̫̫Ǹ»ȫˡ˵걧Сģ֪Ӳôƽ׽˵ˣҲǿ
̫̫Ӧû˯һᣬ˻Щ̫̫׼һͳˣҲˣٹ
ϻȥܸҽ˵ҪտҴһ顣
ǡ
ȥҲȥϢһᡣ
˶һֱȣȵ϶ųǽ档
ȥʲôʱģ
ˣġ
ôûȥɵƵġ
ЦǶĴҲôýģ֮ǰ˶Ҫȥ϶¡
˵ɣһ磬ʲô£֪£˸鲻òѣɲûˡ
Ҳֱӵ⡣
֪ĺ̶
ţľ޿˼ҽӻûС
£˹ˡ
û֪Ǹܣȴû֪
(δ)

ʮ ÿ

˯һᣬ
ˣƿߣȻûƽ
ȥţſڣˡ
ô˵ģ
Ѵĸ߰ƣƾӦȥһ˹˸УҪǹ˸Уȥ̽˾Ҳǰ׸ģ϶֪
ؼǼľޣ鷳
ƴ·׼ȥ˹˸պʱȥҲʣֻǲƽЩ֡
ſڵһᣬʺңΪʲôûƽ
ƽȥˣ֪ȥʲôطҲô£ƽнġ
û˼ƽ
ǡ
ȥƽſڵţԺӺͰסĵطһԺӣżҪߣҪһˡ
ߵſڣƽ˵Ь㿴ϲʡ
ͣ£Űķ濴Ŵ˵ƽǺ˵һңҪϹø˵лԺҪˡ
һƬģǾƽʱ̫ܲˡ
ȻһˣϾŮбദʡ
ƽ˵ƽҪһźӵģˣؽ⡣
ôܲ⣬һҼҵģӵܣⲻ׵Ǽ֡
ƽòףƽס棬ס棬ƽҲÿź򽫾ġ
ⲻһˣƽ˵Ĵˡ
Ѿ˯ˣ·ϣſڵƽ
ȻҲû԰ԣЩڡ
ƽЬ»ȥɣԺЩҪˣЩȥֻܿż󱦱ͳˡ
ǵֲִڣ⣬Ҫ볯ûʹ·ȻҪ⡣
һϴ֣ܵ˵ǲǴֲڣοҲ
˼ǣƽŮǣƽĿƽȴһǿƵıƽ
һ´ˣҲû˵ƽ˵԰ɣƽĸģպڣҲû¡
ȣƽҪȻȥҾͲˣҪǴŲʣٸĶ
԰ɣϴνŲʣ˵飬ƽΡ
ƽ
˵
£ŮպҸ˼Ұɣ·Ь̫ˣ׷ǹ֮ȻƽʱĴࡣ
վ棬Ц£Ǹŵء
ƽӣװġ
ƽ˵Ȼ׷ǹʣӵˣӲڣȻҪչ˽
ο
ҵݣܺƽƽ뽫Ҫˡ
תǱߣſڿĺңһ޴룺ûʵƽȥ᲻ǳʲôˣ
ǲģƽϽʲôҪȥɣȽȥż󱦱ǣҪȥһˣҲ
ǡ
Һȥ󱦱ƿС壺֪أʲô֪㱣ǰɣҪȥһˣƽùûչǡ
ƽ˾ˣС嶼û۾̾ϢҲ̫ˣ˯ˣôСǰοСôСҪǱģôǣ
˵ͱˣǺСӵģӿɴˡ
ǣӿɴˡ
һ˵
Ѽϼܣ˵ֻȥƽ˫Ьεã˵ҴŲţƽˣ
ƽŸ˸뿪Ҳû˵ʲô
ſվһᣬÿǶˣŻȥϢ
ƽӰҲȥãƽϢˡ
˸ȥţƴӳһ˿š
˸һǰƣ˽ȥ
˷ʧߣҲ˯á
ôˣŮĶһֱûҽҲˣҲûʲô
˵ҹã˷æһߵҲæ
ǰȺ򣬲ʱ·ޡ
ҲɣϾҹģûй򻰼ҳ
ˣˣҳ˵ҽѯľ޵ģүղھǣ󹬵Ҳ֪ҽֻΪľ޵飬֪ҽô˵ģǿǼľޣ
˷£˵Ҳٹ˼ڹ˷˿ܹǵֻаơ
ס˰Ƶ֣˷˲޳ˣ˷˲˵ľһֱΪӣĶԻϵģľ޽ʱ䵽ڣѾˣһֱûжżľҲЩż˹ҽˣҽǶ˵û£Ҳǻϵ飬ʺйӵġ
Ҳ̫ʣ⵽ϵĽ黳
ãǿġ
ҵǺ̫˵£̫ҲҪҽԵˣǲС
˷̲סǰ磬ǲ֪롣
ϵͣҪߵľǰģ⻰˵ȴʱûӣӵö࣡
(δ)

ʮ ˳

ҪԿУǰҼľޣϲ׼Ҳľ޵飬ȷʵЩ֡
԰꣬ľ޽Ҳܾã⼸ҪˣҪû´ҪҽģʱһľޣֻҪҼҾܲԭ򡣡
ãáлˣľ޾Ϳˡ˷İƵ֣м
˵Ҹˣҹãǲϣ֪ҹľ޵顣
ȻϲҲִ£ǾҪнУ˺ͷҲҪ侲ԲС
үδүðˣȻа취ġ
ˣľ£ҹ˸Ĵˣ˸һΨ
ˡЩض˵˵
˷æŵͷʧˣȥ
Ƶͷת뿪
˰ƣ˷˵һүǲǴˣôǡ
֪ͺãȥɣҲΪľޣ㵱Ϊǹ˸أתȥ˷˽
Ҳô˵ȻΪľ޾Ϊǣľǹ˸ϣ
ߣʲôϣûһϢûϣˡ
ү
֪ڰ޶ͽϷ򲻺ôҲûãˣҿΰɡ
нڣľ޲ģֻΣȥҲá
´󹦣ʲô£Ҳᶪ
ǹ˸ֳľޡ
ĻȥҲ˽
սȥͿԺˣƿЩЩ֣ͷһſڣһߵû⣬ǰˣӦöǾ̫ϵˡ
ôˣǴҪץˣ
̫ˣ̫Ҫģ˳ˡ
̫ĸϵãƽʱûȴ̫Ρ
߰ɡ²ɣϽаҩ䣬תص
̫ȥ̫ϡ
ſڼתŰƳ֣ƴæߵƵǰŹ£Ⱦĸɡ
Ƹ˵ȥ̫
Űֱ˵Ժ䣬ȥͿ̫ϵһЩŮ죬Ӷһ߹صվš
ƴȺнȥܿ쵽ɫ԰׿ݻƣڴϺţ̫ͷǷڴߣϵŶ˵֣
ϴ˿̿޵ı˭ģڵһֱޡ
ӦǾϵ檣ӣš
ƽȥˣס˵ɨ衣
üͷƿ˵ӣƤⶼǿݻƵġ
̫˶ȥ˵
̫ۣȥ
˼æȥ˵̫ҲҪȥ
̫᲻ãһ۰ƣȥˡ
Ⱦ̫ˣƸ󣬷һѪˣ˺Ѫ˺ܾòŻ/Ϣ
˴/ϢƲŷġ
ҩ˷Ž۾ŰƣЩ㱡
ôˣ˺/Ϣѡ
жǷԼѯʣ㱣ȴû˵
ƴѾˣۺˣ߶ˣֺˡ
ûѪô˱ɡ
Ǻܺܽ⣬ֻҪʱ䡣
ⶾҲԲ뵽Ѫⶾ
ûʲôҪ̫
̫һֱ棬ٻ̽š
ûʲôˣߵ˵ߣס˵֣ͷ׷˲ðƾŵˣԭȻмڷǰûˡ
ԭţ˿һҹ׷ڲŶˡ
̫ס˵֣ˣ
һڣ̫Ͳ
˿˿̫۾ˡ
̫ת˵ߣһŶ˵һѯʰƣҼ

һ£ܿǶ˵֡
˻ãжĲʱڻҪ
ȥӣ̫Ҳʼε鴦
˭͵ģ̫˿ɫ䣬һ˫ɨü׺ף£·
æŴŹ£ףңҽгģġ
̫ӣ޴ҲңҪϷңĳЩ˲ǻܸô
ףҰɡæſͷ
̫۾ŵ˵Ϸһλᣬ˭ģˣϷԺˣҪϷ˵ǾԹñˡ
˴ſڽæɷߡ
(δ)

ʮ Ӯ

ɣĸϲ㣬ͲùˡææߵߣǵҵˣƽʱɷҲǸûõģǶ˹¡
ɡ
ưҩˣæȥץҩȫ˲ˡ
̧̫ͷ۷ˣ棺˺ķ˶
ķһŵùˡ
˺ķһЩĸҲȶҪǿ
ȻλģǶƲˣѶ˷
ҲԼݿı˺ķء
ھңϷ˲ϲˣھҳ˺ܶͷķ˶¡
ڸ˵ݺΣǼӡ
һӣǸֵǮͨġ
Ҫмɫʲôݣ
ƽ˲ֻԺţҲʲôˣϱйأҲûʲô˲˳ġ
ȴ
˺ķ˴׷
ү˱鸮ˣѾڣϲ̫ԸˣҲǼˡ
̫Ҳ㲻δɫϷڵʱϲľˡ
˱õȻʹˣѾ̴棬ĶҲܸɣҲйְŮҲͬ޸˴Թ
ŮȻҲ˵㡣
ھ̫ǰȻӡ
ƹ۲죬ͷϴŲٽΣǴ·żû·ˡ
ˣܴ죬ҪȻûѶ˷
ķվں棬һɫ·˷ţҲǽΣȦǣһ
ȥķ˸һЩʮӡ
˶ֻǶž̫к˭ûи밲
̫ʣ˭ģ
˿۶ˣ̫̫αǽøһֱοˣԴô
ķû˵ͷ
ķ˼ģҲ޸̫ģûпġ
̫ͷˣ˹ԺȣΪֹ˭ҪǸ飬һ
ף
æ˳Ÿ飬Ŀ̫ΪôһͼŮˣҪһ
̧̫ͷϷ˶ҩֻϷѪϷ۾
㡭
ָž̫ҷޣζ㣬ôôң
ߣʶôϷͻ㲻ϱֻ֣
ס
˶飬˲˵໰ջǱ˸˳ȥ˺̫ͷԸ˰˶죬ӵԺĺڷȥ
ΪĺڷЩ˵ĵط
ȥ˸
ٻ´Ժ˭ûвɹĵطȥҲˡ
ƴţֱߡ
̫˵˭ҪǲͳɣϷŻһʱ򣬰ǵ¶һİˡ
ҪΪϷˣǾͿΪΪˣϷûأϷһ첻ҾϷ
£һһעҪģȻûóѣǾҪһ
סˣ˭Ҳʱ˵ʲô
˱ܳ裬˿¡
̫˵ˣ𣬰̫ѰԺ䣬ס
ס
˶ˣķҲΪҲҲ뿴
ûдǰȥԺô죿
̫۲԰׵ĶˣĵӣһΪ㣿
ģΪԼ
˻˲žջһЩ
Ʋ˵˼ȻѾûʲôˣʱҲˣҾ뿪ˡ
̫˵ҪûʲôҪ飬£ҰæϷտ
Ҳá
ƿİԸ˻ȥƽҪ̫档
˾ڶ˵ԺԵķ䣬Ǳס¡
̫ϲŰ鴦ãΪˡ
˳ˣ˶ȻҲ̫
ķȴ֪ʲôԭˡ
˵ֵ̫ˣ̫ĸϳ˵Ժ˾Ͷˡ
Ǳ߱ʧģƣеģķҲǣУǶͳӮҡ
˭ҵϱĶڶ˵Ժţһҹû˯һֱţҩźϾ̫ˣ¶˳£æȥˡ
˯ĺãһֱŹ
̫ӹл͵Ժˡ
ǿţҲڣ̫æ˹ȥʲôҪţʲô½ź㡣
û£һᣬ˶߰ɣҶҲ徻
ߣš
(δ)

ʮһ 

˳£̫Ҵ⣬˸߻Ŷˣ˲˵ȥɣûʲô£о˲١
㲻ȥˣ̫ˣסʲôطνֻҪû¾ˡ
ҡҡͷȥˣʱɡ
ʲôʱȥˣȥȻȥڲͷÿһΡ̫ǲģϾˡ
ȻӦ˽Ʋ뿪
˿Ű뿪黹ǲ̫á
Զ˵̫ĺԺǸӣǱһֻ
Ҳ󣬾ľӸҲ̫ĺԺҪá
˶˾ˣһ¾һ죬ˮײҲ˵ŵþ̫һ졣
ϣ˰Ѷ̧ȥ
Ʊڽסţˣ̫Ŷ˹ȥˡ
ֻ˺;̫һᡣ
˲Ǻܺãָ˵ҩ
ϹܼңĸײˣҵǱס죬⼸סйҽڣתƽ
̫Ҳˣʹˡ
ûˣ̫ŵҲˡ
ˣ̫ҲȥϢˡ
Ҳ˯ˡ
ƻصϢһȥصء
ſڵȰƵκִΡ١
ˣκִΡǰ

Ƶͷλ˲ؿȥɡ
ȥκִΡš
һ߳ķڽͣ£˵үʲôʱɱ
鿴һˣż
˳ƣʲôʱ˵żˣΪѣôõɱǿϧˣֲʮ֮ͽֻһĵĴɱ»ûôõĴˣ
תΣ춯֣һ㴩ϴ̿͵·ȥ·ɱ
İүɱô
үڴôɾɱһѪأ
ȻҲǾˡ
ηƿİתſڣƴſڽİϿһ¡
²İû뵽̶£ǹ

İϴŰƣȴһ仰û˵
£һֱڱĵطȥʱ֣ʱֱ֣ŹѾԼоǹȥ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһ̣ˣ
ʲôˣ
ƿκִΡ٣λɡ
κִΡȥ£Ҳʾİ£̫
İϿŵĵطⷿ䲻ϴεķ䣬Ҫ˲٣ϱˡ
İȥ£еơ
ƣѾα
ȻǺϵֺα˵ǽ
ƷЦˣİϿŰưЦݶûУһᰲƣĿһֱء
ջˮȻˣ̫Ӿñ̫Ӷģζμ㣬Ѻҵ㣬Ȼ󱩴һ٣Ŀȫǡ
İ˵ЩκִΡЩסĻڽ֮УκִΡȥſڡ
ҲûԣȻǱⲻҪ鷳
Ʋδ⣬ֻǳĬһ˲
İϿ˼˵Ϊ˿һۣҶģǰ㲻̧٣ҴӦαеĺףԸսˡ
ȴû뵽һͷڵӡ
£һɱǹհɡ
ƴİϺȻ˵ˡ
Ƽͷš
İһϣ˵
̧ͷһϵ·İϣ˵ʲô
˵Բң˵ҡİ۾ɺ죬Ѫ˿
ޣ
Ϊж̫Ӿһ㵣ôһ̫ģ֮սѾĻǹսܣѾǡ
˵ЩʲôİЦ
һǹ
ү£㻹үϣ֪
ǳʤܽǻ㱻ҴףΪĸ岻ǿ
ΪǹͿأҪǹٲʢǺþ
İ̧ͷҲ
Ͱ֮ǰ˵ģҴǹİϣİϴӦʮľã˰յķʽ
Ӵ˲ս
תžİϡ
İϳɣסȭͷǵ滹
үȻ⣬ɱǸصж˵һȻӦˣȻҪϣֻҪǹ
ʮ꣬һһһϦ·Ǹ𣿡
ã־ݣǹ壿
İߵǰҡͷڸϵǹľȥү㣬̸Уܱסǹĵλûǹյӵ
İҧҧ㹻ˣš
ˣЮҳȥƴһѵİ
(δ)

ʮ ͵

İϵͷΪʲôô
Ҳôү˼ү뿪սҪ̫үҲһṳ̆ǹء
ǹʮѹҴͬʮѹ֪㼸ǳأǹĴʣ޼ӵӣ
İ΢΢ɣȻ˰ʳ½ǣʼ޷ϵǣǱġ
˵ɣЩûõĶôܵģ
ǳأץƵ½ͿʼӴܣȥһ·ͨûõһһ䣬ֱǹ
ǹܣŻ
İһסȭͷ
ưѵӸİϣš
İߵӣһ°Ƶ֣תھİϵϣİϵĵסƽƵĲӣͷ
κִţİ²˳٣ÿ
κִһ۰ƣ˳ȥһߺһ˵㲻Ҫ
һƥİֱսѰ§ڻü΢Ѫˡ
κִŵõһ
Ρ̽˱
κִ˵İϣ޶⣬˺
̫ӹ
İһ߹ȥκִڣȴ书ᣬһڵϾû
İϱƣһ˳ȥ
濴Ƶֱӳȥ
ⰢתƿҪȥƱţָİϣˣ
³
İŭѾʪˣѪѾˡ
ϣ۾һεھİϵϣţŭ𣺡ҷˡ
İһӹȥİϳȥסһɱȥ
׷ȥİϵѵգİ
סΡٴ˴ӺҲס
ţʱڷš
꣬Ҫɱ˰ƣҽɱˡ
ƵǰһµӣټȥվŽү
ģȥɡ
ˣ˿Զȥһƣ˭
ûİϣʶ
Զȥٿһסİһ£׷˳ȥ
ȥ׷
İϵܿ쵽˳ţֱӳ˳ȥ
˳⣬İϴѾ롣
İͣתûȥߡ
İƿӣȥ
ţ϶Ѫ
Ҫ㡣İȥҡͷ
Уүɱ㣬ǹҪҪ
Ҫõ㣬¹岻ǹҡ
ʹˣҷ㣬а취㣬ҪİҴߣʮͷ
ǾԡİҪһѽһ䵽ϣİϱĴϺˤס˰Ѿİ˲Χס
Ѿϡ
ƳϿֻվϡ
ĽطˣṦõվһһ鲼϶С
ǣİû顣
һ·׷ɣձ˵ŮˣҲΪ֮ޡ
顣

İɫ΢䣬ɱֵĵطôڴ
Ϊʲôңİϵİơ
ǱҪɱˡ
Ҫɱ
İϴһ˱׼ӭУһҪ򣬲Ŵ
ƼװͷΡ
ͷ鷳
鳯Űƿȥƿһ۾İϣʾߣžεˡ
һѽסͷƵĲӣѪˣ
ˡ
ү
ɱ
ǡ
˴ӺͿһ۾ҺжˣҪϻȥ

İϿƵͼתߣ
鿴뿪ľİϣİƣһ°ƵĲӣȻֻѪûˡ
ƵȾİˣӷĻ
ɨɨϵ·ԶȥľİϣĿĴﵽҲûˡ
ķ羰ãƿ飬鿴üĿ·ȾһĨ
ƿ˿ȥǰѽ˳̵þŰ
뵽ԭ壬İ
תȥȥ
л֮
ͷ߽㱳Ź͵ˣ
סҲû˭ˡ
ƻعһЦܡ
鿴ˣϵͷ
תȥֵвҩģȥŪҩġ
˫ֱŽ԰Խ⡣
ˣѵ㲻
ߵߣүҪǴȥȻᱻˣʱֵĻҲʹΪ 
Ȼ´ΪѲҪɱ᲻ಫ
(δ)

ʮ ̽ƽ

鿴ˣǵȹͰ޻ĳ¸߹壬ȹɱ
š
˵ͷܱͬŲɱˣҽɱ
˸Ѿϳˡ
һҩģһҩ

ȻͰƻκִΡҲ˹ȥ
ʷ飺үأ
ȥ
ƻصȥԡ£˵ˣҪˡ
·̫Ҳ˹
Ҵˣһ̫Ͻ͡
̫˫ֱһ𣬴Ӱ죬ߵʱҲû˵ʲôŽʥȥˡ
̫˰Ʊȥˡ
̸Ȼû󱦱ӵ͸оˬָҲá
˶ʱ̫ͻˡ
̫˵Ѿ֪İܵ飬Ѿȥ׷ܰ
ھİϴӳ飬ϷͶ֤û˻˵
Ϊ˱ƵҲΪ˱ӣֻ̫ô档
ϵȻһֻ۱һֻۡ
¶ûӳȥˣȴӳȥˣȻвΪ֪顣
Ƶл뿪ˡ
̫ſڣȥҶˣŶ˵֣죬ܸˣ
ȻǸˣûж⣬˵Ҳû˼ǵ죬ҴСĵӹĿ࣬ǵÿҲǳ棬һһˣи˸˵˵ô˰ȥˣʲôġ
̫ŶһҪϲǾסˣȷʵ̫
˲˵ʲôһӹصˣȴˡ
ûʲô˵ġ
ܲסԼˡ
̫ϸƶ˵ɫöˡ
š
̧һ۾ְ̫ͷˡ
̫̾ҼǵСʱСԲԲģ۾ԲԲģҲԲԲġ
ƽʱ͸ҪǷ˴Ҫ򡣡
Сʱ飬̫¡
ŷ֣ǰΪǵ飬ʵǵá
˵ͷš
̫ﱧ֣Ҫϻɣ
̧ͷ̫û
ȥ칫칫һƾ߶󱦱Ҳ߶ʱһᣬ칫Ǳ߻ˡ
Ϣ˼գƻѳڽˣ춼ûš
⼸ܼҵĸ׷ˣûˣܴӴˡ
ܼҼֺǺǵģҲڡ
Ĵ磬⼸Ϣȫ̹̽̽ƽ
ԹƱżӻȥȼ죬ƾȴźӻȥˡ
صӸⲻһ֡
Ķӣ˶ˡ
ѾǳˣֻҪ˵ĵط˾ͻʮҲһڡ
ƳԹ뿪ҪӸԺӶǶˡ
˵ˣ˺棬˵İϴѰƽٳˣҪܡ
ûôҪ㻹ʲôصֱܾܳͳˡ
¶ڣתƻ⣬˵ľޡ
ľҲ꣺˵ľ޺żҪӣԽżԽҲ֪ܵʲôطȥˡ
⼸ôѯʡ
ҡͷûУﻹкܶ£ҪҲûϢʱ䣬һ˵ãﶼȥ
ʣô˵ѧˣ
ֹҸ˵˵벻ԼĿұƿǳ˰ڰ֣˴ӻһ̳
֣ʲô
㿴֪ˡһ˱ˣ˫֣ģܰ䡣
һ߷˱һߴ̣һˣգ֮ʱž
üĶô
˰һΣ˱һƣ㡣
ƿɲ㣬˸ˣ˰죬ڶ˵ģֺ
Ĵָ
˵󣺡ǡ
һ̣Ҳ̾Ϣ˵һϣڼ⣬̫࣬ÿֶˡ
ЩԹ
޻˵ˣûƽôæˣ鼸ʦ£Ƕİɡ
Ŷһ²һµģûв𴩶
ʱŴ뿪ţȥЪˡ
ҹˣ˼ææܵӸ
ôˣ˵ǰˣѪֹ
ƼæҪߣҪƽڼҡ
ƽȴɵˣ
(δ)

ʮ 

ƼæŹܼ뿪ţƿƽЩʧǣҪ¡
һж·ģҹľӸ󲿷˶ϢǺȵˮùҩ
ֻƽͰڡ
ƴ˹ܼңܼһԣҹĳΪ£ܼҸ㲻СΪʲô
˸ھͰѹܼҴˣȹܼˣƱſڵȡ
Ȼûжƽʹ˳
ͽòԶƽ㼱æ˹ȥ
˽ƽŽգš
ߵĴæƽû󻹸ˣű㱻סˡ
ƽ
ƽסת㿴վںİơ
ҹУһ¹⣬˲ѡ
ƽɫֽףæųŰ񣺡ӡ
ƽҵģ߽ȥƽ޷˵ͷ
ǣ˵ˣƽ
㲻ؽȥˣҵû¡
û£ƽһţתȥƽ첻ȥš
ҹ֮ȻֻƽˣȴǵС֮ˣҹ֮УҲߵƽݡ
ӣ
ϲҵʲôƲԡ
ƽû뵽ı֣Ҳƽ뽫飬ȹңΪ
ͣ££
ƽҪ£Ʒƽ
ϲһ˲ûдֻǺΪʲôϲҵȻ˵ҵܺãȴ̫ࡣ
ɫҪѰһõ˲ѡ
ˣΣҵġƽͣҲе
ƽ£Ұ㱣ܣΣ
ƽû˵óһĨźͭǮƽ֣ʲô
㿴ţҵĻ˵ʲôʲô
ƽԣͷӦ
δҶΣͭǮƽߡ
ƽˣ۾ϡ
ƽͭǮ۾ϡ
ҳ飬СγΪͽܵ£ûȥҲûмĹܼңû˵¡
ƽظͭǮƽ۾
ƽ۾ƣӡ
ƽô˯ˣ
ƽãȻոպ˵Сǰʦ飬ôˣ
ţʹˣתȥƽϣȻ֣ܿΪʲôˡ
һ·˵Сǵʱһ
˻˵ƽס
ǲȥҶ
һ֣̿
ƽϢҰ˵Щ¡
ޱ꣬ƽҪ߰˵ѵĴ۾˵һѻҪ˵ĻȥԲš
պҹƸոϢˣӰƽҪ׼Ϊ
ѾƳ˼죬׼ҩҹ
幬Ѿ˵ҽǶڵϹţ̫Ҳڡ
Ƶǲ֪̫ʲôʱġ
Ƹȥ̫ϵ밲ȥ濴
ˡҽŻˣӱ󣬵
ﰲ˶ʮоĽţ͵Ǹ
ʱҽҲ޷ǰġ
Ϸҩ䣬ȥǰǴᣣԼԼһˣʱںĴִ
ΧվţѾܵıƽһңȫð
ס󣬾ȫʪ͸̧ͷעŰƣ۽ǻ䣬촽㱣ҵĺӣȾ
İɡɨ赽λ£㲻ҪСѾˡ
ӶͷҲùˡ
ɿ֣˵׼ˮ˶˺󡣡
ҽǣæľʹ˵ȥˡ
Ҳ½½ȥ׷׹һء
̫ϿţͷһΪûˣסҲˡ
˶ͷҿ
ϵʱȥĺӡ
̫ãƽǶ۰Ҳˣ㲻֪
֪ˡϵæӦʡ
̫˷׷񣬻̫ȥϣûµģһĸƽ
лл̫ϵң֪Щʲô
̫ȥ̫̫Ҳżĸƽġ
̫˵ǡ
˸̫˹Σ̫ȥ̫ǰ˸ӣ㡣
°ɡ
ǡ
̫£濴˳ο̫󣺡һûµġ
̫һһŮȥ򲻵ѣɣ
һ̫Ļ̫ˡ
̫ȥ̫˵ΪѪĸ̫󲻿£˹֮ư
̫ҲǴ⣬󣡡

潩ֵʱ洫һӵĿϵһ£תȥˣ
(δ)

ʮ ̹

ŰƣѾûˣû֪Ҳܶ
ƹ˲Ϻӣ¾Ϳʼϡ
ϺãѾԣԼ档
ЩţһСˡ
򵥵ĲðƱ棺ϲϣǸ
̫
ϵۻûüȥ͸̫ȥˡ
ϻûϴ̫ȫȻ࣬СŮ޵ȥ
ϣǸƯأ
תȥϸ飬Ҫȷû¡
Ƹҩ룬ʼɨ
ûúۣŻˡ
ӣǶϷҲǲƵĴ
һʰ׵򿪣ֿ޵һ߹Ů򿪴ᣣż̫ˡ
ȥһվţиطŮˣжѡ
̫Ѿ˸ϴȥѪۣȥϵۡ
ϵ۱ŮȻͲһˣǰĽкܶӣһŮҲܸˡ
ϣȢְɡ̫Ȼ
̫ȥ˿ϣƯأ˿϶ĸҪƯġ
޻û֣ǹսѾƽϢ߹ҲϢվҪʦسİȻˣȴԸӦٹ֮ʮ˰ա
ĵǸҴġ
̹ɡ
ϵ۴˻һһأϲϣϲùӴ
ƺܳƵȥչ˾ǸӣǾĸ׵ʲô
ʱ˶ϲ֮УΪϵ˸ĸŮƽͬʱҲˡ˵ˡ͡
ʼգš
ģֻаһˡ
ֱʱϵߵǰ
ϵ£ס֣Ҫллˡ
Ƹ˸ӣ뿪ˡ
ҡͷãûӸϡ
ϲ
ȥǰЩЩǷĵӣ˰ɡ
Ȼ˵Ĳǰƣϵ̫ˡ
ĺӣȴôòɼ顣
氲ȥ̫ҲӼˡ
ӺƯüĿģĳһǸˡ
Ƹ̫˵˻Ϳʼȣľޣʱ˯ˣҲûľޡ
Ǹ֣ҪԷ
ȥƣڽ幬Ϣһ¡
ʸҪ´Ҫ죬찲߲ˡ
Ҳ˳һȥľޡ
˯ѣϵȴǰſ
ƴӴæŸϵ񣺡ϡ
ţȥûˡϵƲŷûˣֻϵۺ
ѾûˣлϿھȥ˵ȥ⡣
ϵۿ۰ƣֱĿԽš
ƽңʹŰƣ氲æȥһ롣
ȻϣҪǴҩָҲã컹ҪЩġ
԰׵ЦݣҸллҪʱϵѾˡ
ŵĹ̹Ŀ࣬۵׵ȴܸӡ
Ʋ˵ֻ˸ġ
ԻȨΪĵطݽ棬رŮˡ
ǴļΣ˭û̫Ĺϵ
Ҫģ⼸һֱָչҪ´У֮ǰ֮ǰԶǶˣ
ˣողųһࡣ
ţһҷŹ´жҽѧʸҪԿģҪǲߣɲҪҪһЩ
š
룬Ʒž´ߣһŮӣ۵ͷ󺹣ȴûһ
˶ĳ۵ܲˡ
ǰȰȱˣһһȥ
ƿĳ۵˼ޣ˵ʲôš
ˣϢһΣվ͹ˡÿˣưѾ˻ȥ
֮ϢӵʱҲô
ʱûУ˳ҵʱԡ
˵𻰣һֱû˯ȥס̽һ£־Ѫ㣬˯ϻܲ
ȥдһҩ׼ȥ׼
תƲҩ˵̫Ǳȥһλ
ҩͷˡ
̫ˣ֣ǴҴˣȻеĵ
˷뿪ߺȥ˾࣬Ȼ˾ҩ
ưŵϣ˰ʱ
ֻ԰ҩҩ˵Ⱦˣžȥ
죬һֱڽ幬չ˾Ҳڵľ޹ľʼûʺƳ㣬Ҳû
һҲ׼뿪ˡ
뿪ǰ׼ȥһľޣȷǲû¡
(δ)

ʮ ү

ȥ̫󣬸̫˵뿴ľ޵顣
ҲЩûˣԴҽǼûʲô£ȴûеģͲ밲ˣ⺢ӾӼһ㣬Ըˣ˰ɡ
Ҫ޷Ը񣬱Ҳ
̷ϣĴԹޣ֪ģ£ǰֵġ
ƢҪǲˣܡ
ĸȥƲľġ
̫üȥô˵
·ˡ˵
̫ͷȥɡ
ƴӳ﹬ȥٵ¹ٵ¹棬ǰ̫๬ŮƸոߵ̫๬Ůǰ
μ
ɣٵô
أڿС̫æŴ𸴡
Χû
ǰգ԰ʱ򣬿һūŪ˻ˣǿ
ƵĿһᣬ
ҽȥ
˹أȥľޡ
棬ľϵĿ֦񣬰ſڿľޡ
ûľޣľ˺ܶ࣬ҲˣעſҲ֪˵Щʲô촽һһϣȴûз
ȥվľ޵Ķ棬ľ޻ƣۿ䡣
߽ľޱ˻
ľޱۣҺۣ
˯һᡣ
ľޣȻ֪߰Ըʵ˵ĳЦͬһήĸûᡣ
ľ˯һʱƾվһʱȶˡ
С̫վһ߲˲۾ܡ
ľ˯ѣȴһֱ¡
һ룬ľ޵Ļ˯Ѩϣ˰ľ޷ŵϣȥסľ޵󣬼ľ޵塣
ľ޵ȷʵʲôⶼûС

ưȥľ޲˯ѡ
ľ޲Ը˵ֻǿŰƷ
Ҫȥ㣬Ǹµҩ裬ǵÿϳһţҪӲʲô£ңܿͻС
ľ޵ĿⲢûһ˿˿ļ෴ƽˡ
Ҳ׻УǲǣľǸˣĺ
˼ľޣҵֻǿʲôˣиܡ

š
֪ˣȥɣСЩ
ãٵ¹˺չľޣֱͳһƱÿƱһǧС̫ࡣ
ҷˣʣµĸ㣬סٵҪû£ǵľû£Ҫٵ£ǵ³Ҳá
ⲻвǰæ
ƴûгһɹˣɱסС
Ͳףеɱζ
ľʹలļ٣ȴһﲻæ
뿪ٵ¹ȥ﹬Ʋ뿪ʹ
ϵ̨ϿŰ뿪ת뿪
ƻصæȥ󱦱žͿڵţСϻҲſǺܹء
ûƽЬ·ȥȥ󱦱ǣһˣƸоһ˹
ת˫ֱסס죬ҪϷˡ
Ŀ˫§סĺԣϰѹѹͷѹĶҪϲˡ
ܸˣЦһ㡣
ƷŹ壬徹ȻЩмܲס

巢ܵƿơ

۵׺ᣬڻһֱ˫§סɶ
˷ſƲ˲᣺ţʲô
Ҳûޡᶼˣϵ̹̹
Ҳסȥǰ濴ӣãûޣû޾ˡ
ȥ£һӶûУϯض
ϴһѩףſڹš
ӶڣľСҲ棬һӣʱϻһƬ
̧ͷݺݵĵһ۹壺ɵĺ¡
̿ôǱɵĺ£ֻһϲŴӺ汧סƣ˭֪ôôȿȡ
ȭͷֱȭͷкȥǲ
Ҫˣ޲Ҹضȥ̫ûˡ
ͷסƵһ˫֣¹Ц
ǿǣ۵СۣеĹء
ֻаľͷ졣
ƴӹ廳Ŀһ۹壬гˡ
ƽҵأʹ塣
ͺǴһᣬǾȥҲˣº˵
𼱻ǵĻԺһΣ˵ϵ£
(δ)

ʮ С

޻صԺսݰƾͱ˹ȥûӦѾǳǱȥˡ
ƲδȻѾǳأȻҪЩ֪顣
˲/Ʊˮﱧ˵ţ·ȥ󱦱Ǳû˲ɡ
һ£˿ţš
Żȥ໥š
ʱ˼֮˵һѣƱ˵˵Ƿ飬˯ˡ
˯ѣѾûˣƴӴȥ·ȥҹ塣
ſվţүأ
үھӸ󣬾̫СˣԼǱߡ
ȥǣ˶ڴ󱦱ǵ˵ǹ飬ƿƽţҲûȥ
ȹ˵˻꣬½ÿ
̫۰ˣ֮Ͱ
δк˵⼸Ȼȥ˳Щ¡
֪ˡ
ƽȥͰƽȥ塣
ڵţΧ˼ӣС屧ڻš
תůСҲ˺ܶ࣬һɫ·ӣСѾ¶棬ԭȸÿ˶Сӵģ󱦱ӣΨС岻ÿδа취ȥð֪ϲӡ
һλСϻӸȥģǷ⺢ˡ
ССӺСһСյţ嵣Ķ£ֱ۳档
ССѾżţֱһġ
߽£ССı
СĺܿĵİСԴڰƵļϣȥģʾܸˡ
ģС档
ǹ鴦ˣʵİϵ
¾İӦûǻ
Ǻܿ졣
һǰʼδģôͰѾ֮λȥˡ
ѻС£ȥһߣһЩĶ
̵ɴ۾˹ȥСҲ⡣
֪ЩӴأһĶ֪кö
СŤͷȥû
ԷСС壬ǹ˺öȥ
ģʵˣûС֪Ϊʲô
ڴСŤͷƣſˡ
û취ˣƱСӣȥʲô
иκӣǵģǸСǽġǶ˸ǰˣſڣ󱦱ʱͣΧһȦȻ󲻸ҶκС
Ƕ̫С֪κʲôŰɣôˣô˶ˣ
˭Ҳã忴۰ľʦ֡
ľԥһ£ȥ˿ģһ飬ϵֻϵã֪ǹ飬ǺҪ
ܹأ̧ͷ壺Ҫ顣
Ǹɣ𣬸ʦǱ߽Уʦɡϲľ⺢ӣ˵ʹһ㣬Ӳ¡
ľСİ鱧ÿһܺء
ⰢľѡҲ˳ӽĳɾ͡
֪Щʲô飿ʣľ֪ҡҡͷ
˵ǹͨʷʦڻ·еõģȻǼֵǣȴһҵ
ǹ֣Ҳϵö֣ڴҲ޼ϵЩ֣ÿ˯ǰ㵽鷿ţʦ̸һЩǹ֡
ллʦľǸĺӣԹ࣬˵Ҳ֪ദܿӦ˹ˡ
ţȥɡ
飬ľȥһߡ
忴СǣСǣɣߡ
Сȥ˿һκУƯҲܹӣСǱκвϣܳܳ
ľýæŸסˣҲˡ
ƺοˡ
Сæżľ飬ŵһ߷źãŰĺӴߡ
Ҳ棬СǵĺЩʲô
򿪿һΣһŮ¡
˵ҹŮһҪʶ壬ŮӸ顣
Сǿƣ˵֪ˡ
ǼĲͷ
ɫһĨãˣ⻹û˵ʲôôͻˣ
ϻҪţ㻹Ҫ˵ʲôʲôǸģûпǵһôģҪ˵˵ã
ûĿƣŮңǻҪѧġ
ѧʲôѧھ͹ˡưŮߣ˳׹壺Ҳǣ鱦Ľӣģ
ưŮһӣͷϵļ󱦱ԴϬ˵ҪСǽ㣬˭۸˭
˵꿴壬һϣһͷײ
ǾȥײһؼҾЩƿСǣСŮܣԼܣƽţ㿴ŰɣǼҲҪڴЩ˼ǣ֪ʲô
үǹңŮǡ
Ǳĵ̣үǰ˰ɡ
һƣ뷴һƵӣ˻ȥ
(δ)

ʮ 

ﳳܲӰ󱦱ҪԼ϶ģСԴ濴˿ץһľӣһľͷ飬ǲǻˣڵϿʼ棬취Ūȥ
һ϶ˣҲܿ͸ˡ
ȥʣµĶߣСˡ
϶ǲ٣õĿ϶һСˡ
ưﶼС壬óһľһСǣ;ˡ
󱦱ÿˣ۰Ͱ͵ĿŰơ
űС档
͸Ӭһε߻ȥ¡
Ű̹
ӻǿġ
źţľ޺;顣
ľûле飬϶ʲôԭ򣬵Ҽľ޵壬û⣬һ
˵Ҫ˶ֽţǻϵ⣿
Ƶͷεȴ᲻ס
Ʋ˵ҲΪ󲻵ǲϵ۵˼
ֱȥ棬ƽչ˼ӣƸ˳ȥ
޻صԺҷ裬һߺȲһߴ顣
Ծ͵Ź塣
˰칬˵ɱڹе߶ûϱ£Ӧòǻϵԭ򡣡
Ʋ죺үڹﰲˣ
һߺȲһߴʣϽƽߣԼڵʱ򣬻϶ʲô֪֪
ƵһȻ֪
Ȼ֪үǺ뷨
Ҫ˵û뷨ƿţ

ûشŲŶڣͺʱ̱˼һ
ڱԼʱҲͬͬϵۣһʱ޿̲Ǳ˶ҵģĻϣǿ
Ƽ˵ô˵Ҳ֪
Ȼ
˭ģ
Ʋǻɹ˭һڲ裬Ѳ£޳ţŰưƴС
Ҫ˵ջˮҲΪ
İϾȻҪǹ˼ӣİϸ
ǻɻʺ󣬵ʺܻ޻ľޣԴҪǲͻ鵽ľ޵ϣʱ㲻ڣûȻẦľޡ
֪ľޣɫˡһľۡ
ԻҲˣŮҲŹ
үĪȥײſѾ˲ɾ
룬ƫһ쿪ȷŵƵĴϣһŰѹȥ
Ӻǰ棬ᡣ
εһ½ţľ԰֪ģǼҲȥο˯ŵֶΣûаҲװԼˡ
Ҫľм
ʺȻлᣬ˴εȷʵǻʺΪ
ǻʺ󣿡ƾ㵣
ʾⰲƹȥҲСèС
忴ƲȥԼȥҰƣȻڰƵĴ棬ͷŰơ
ʣǻô
Ϊƻʱǲ
ĿӣҡͷүȻ֪һ飬Ҳ֪ϲһң
ûӦҲʣһǸʲô˵˶ԣѵ
ֻľ޵ǵ֮Ҫ飬ʱ㡣
ƲᣬʣΪʲôǲ
ӿЦϸңѲϿ϶СĸŮƽǺʧ

ƻȻ򣺡ϲκŮºӣ£ҲҪȥʺ󣿡
۾ǱҲЩ£϶ˣһҲ䣬εıŻʺ󣬻ʺεķңӻˡ
û˱ͱж˿飬ˡ
϶Ŷʲôġ
ةթʺ
ϵ治֪
ˣ뵽ľЦһ£Ц𣬹屻Ц۾
Цʲô
飡
ɫֻΪİŮӡ
ΪԼΪ˻ʺѡֶΣ򲻸ȥŮȥֶΣʺŮӣŮӾͲˣ
Իʺаôûо˵ˣǰӣǲƻڰеǲЩŬ׷ѡ
ûʲôṦΰûΪʲôҪǸרĻϣߺ󻹼ǵãһԻʺרĻϡ
˾ãҲпġ
һԺǧأ
Żʺһˡ
ٹȰ⣬̫ǿˣТ˳ȢλΪ޺Ϊ󣬰ТΪȡ
գõһŮֻǲУŮȥˣֻ͸ʺ

ᱻ
ү˵Ϊ
ҲǱʲô˵ġţֱġ
ƺȻүȻˣæҪҪоζҩģͲͷүˡ
ߣӴһ׷˳ȥ
(δ)

ʮ 

ȳŰƱ˻ȥڴĴִǲС
Ҳ۵ĹǺû뵽Ů˵ôȻȫŰҡ
Īһ˫ǲ۾£
òײŰ˰ƣݺݴһƣĶӡˡ
ͭ˿ѾӷŵһߣһȰ˵ƺαˣ
ǿľޣԼҴӦҪľ޽ţ˵ȷˣŪһľ޼Ϸ룬Ͳ
޸һˣ̣񣬹Ů˶ˣȴû
Ҳ֪ǲϲϣҿĳľϲġ
Ůӣͺϲˡ
ƾЩͶ
嵹ǰŰƴ󲻾Ļֻǿſڡ
Ȼ͵֪޳ܣˡ
⻰ڱǰ˵˵ˣҪܵȥ˵ҲֻˣҲס㡣סƵ֣֪ѰƱڻ
ǴǺǸȫȻͬĵط֪ǸУƽ
˵ǱҲôҪƲܻУҲ취ŪӸơ
ôһ
ûʲôһ飬ӶȥˣĪ˵ǻϣȻʣں󹬵ҲίĸǶ١
ȻʣѾ׾ˡ
ֻΪ¹غľޣľҪǻ˱أ
御ºͣƴʱѾȫ侲
һ֪ˡ
ͷŻٰΣ߷߲ƽŮˡ
ƣϣܽе飬ϣУֻҪǵãڣңʲôֻҪܿ˲Ҫˣû¡
ڱ⽭ɽǱĸܶϣǱӲܶϡ
򲻵ѣϣֻ˭
һƣ֪ˡ
š
̰˰ƣʽƴģμˣ
үҷƤԽԽģĶûˣⲻǻô
漴һߣջҪǣôô
ǣ֣ⲻǸջҪȥ
ȻҪȥǰھʮﴦӪկģ컹ûнǣȥ֪ʲô
үȥɡϡġ
ҩҪȻô죿ȥҪڽһˣȻȥ⡣
ʱҲ󲻵á
ƿһ棬ҩͿĨˣܿͻָ糣
߱Űڣ뿪
ȹˣƲȥҩæµ
ľ޵ܹܣŲҲ
Ӷľ˵һĵܻľɱġ
ҪӣҲΪڶ

ƺƵǣ˵ŰȥİԷӭӣϾǴ˸ƯĴʤ̣ٹһ㶼š
Ϊ˲ӵʲô
Űȥ˲¥棬¥õĵص㣬Կˣںۣ¥ԶҲۡ
ݺ޹׵ʱҪֶˣֶˣ˻Է죬һ߻һ߾衣
ǰŮӺҪһЩÿ˶Ĵ磬ЩŲӣĶס
֣ƽʱûôſôôࣿ
ʤ̣ϱȻҪʹ͵ģҲ֪˭˵ǻĸѡλֵǻûŮӶܳˡһΣһ۰ƣҲֻڹ
ƵǲΪȻʣأƽʱҲûѵ׼ͻٽģ
ȥǰɡ
ⶼ
Ƶͷš
ϸûŮ˰
ҲӳӿҲû
˵ǰڰϵүү߷ֱǻ¿¿ٽٷˣŵˣǻٽ
˿ȥһݾ׿Խˡ
ǹϹŵ˫ڹ۲Ⱥ
̾Ϣô˳춯ˣοˡ
Ϊ˲ԼԻ飬ƾܵȥǰĹ壬Ҳʢװ磬ȻûףһӢ˲ʤѩݽɫֻǵɨȺ
Ƶλãպñܿ˿ûƣҡ
ڴʱĻһӣӺ浽˹󣬳Ź忴ȥ˵𻰡
úܽ룡
˶ʱɫѿ
(δ)

ʮ Ҫͻ

㿴
ָŹͻ飬ƿһۣûӦ
ʣ˵ٻؾģҲʤ̣ûлؾ˵ֳȻҲӢ£Ƕñͳֳ
ϼδʹͣˡ
λǸү˲ġ
ɲŮò㲻úܰ䣿Ƶģһ㶼ǣǺˡ
һĶϰСǺã
ôô˵үҪȢ˲Ǹﻹܰοͨٽأҿʼˡ
תȥ£ϰһЩģ衣
һѣϣαѰСץ
;Ų
ַǷɰѻżˣѲһСѾ뿪ˣ
ôҲ˳֣˵̫ˣ֡
㲻֣ڵ飬֪ܲŶԡ
ôС̲סѯʣұҲû
嵭ȻС鱾֪ҪŶԡ
ôҲȥݷһ²УǰôŵĵҪ޸Ҫи
ǣϣԽĮ
ŮҲȻûġ
ҲȺ֮Уľ׼ҪȻǲģ˸ţ岻ʲܰӭӴ顣
ϵһ꣬ûˣΪҲʲôĳӭӴҲѡ
ϵֻЯٹڹſӭӡ
˿鲻ɵ̾ȷʵǸÿĽ
ǸŮġѣֻǿһۣ㲻ڶԡ
ģġ
үǱãǰսĸ˵£ĸ˵ԭû鲻Ը⡣˹£ѶҲб˿ϵʱ
᲻ףҲȥᣬ˿ҲһˣѵͿˡ
˵˾ȤŲ˵ˡ
ִ﹬ſڣ컪һǰأμϡ
ϵ壬ȥżλ
Ѽ䣬һ빬
Ȼ˧˧˲ϵ۱Ҳܰȥ
ǻ¿һֱϵš
¿ڻڻϣʱѵʱ
͵ϵ۱㿪ʼ۹ͣȻҲûǻոĻѾС顣
ϵϿ¸ˣȻ꼰ϡ
ϵ۱˻Ļ£ʣٽҪûмǴѾʮˣ
ϣǰʮѾʮˡµǺ̹һҲöˡ
ϵ۵ͷȷʵ޿ҲҸżҵʱˣ֪ʲôǵˣΪٽһ£
ϵ˼ԲˣֻҪ鿪˿ڣͻ飬˭
ϵȻҲ˵Ĺ塣
̽˾ô˵ģĲͰ
ھҲӰ롣
ϽȭȷʵһǣСŮѾ˼Ϧദ˼¡
˴СŮҲϣܴٳɴ£ϴͻ顣
һϵ۱뵽˹塣
ȻˣǱ뻪˵ˣҲΪͻ飡
ϣհǰӣС
ϵԼ仩Ȼ׷׿򰲽
ų˿⣺ϣ֪˵ʲôֻһŮûʲôӡ
ٶȻȻϵҲŪͿˡ
ϵۿ򻪽ֿ򰲽
̲סʣǲˣ
飺ٽϷûԵ
ǡ
Щżˡ
СѾż¡
ϳϣô£
ҿǶͬˣЦɿáҲЩ֣С˶ģ»ܲ£
̫˵ʦϵðҲһˣŮţҲᣬ˵иӣȷʵû˵
ϷסΪ˿һֱտ
ûʲô˹ȥ
ϵҲ˵ȷʵҲû˵ӡ
鲻ţܡ
޹̾ϢŮӺ޼޵ζˣѾ޳ȥˣ޸ɾ
Ҫѹˡ
˶Ҳ
޹ͷ̧ͷ
ݻΪ޹Ǻˣס޹֣޹СĿһݣСײ̵Ц
Щϣû˵ѣſ¿ٽȷʵиСǸߣӪʣھһҽǹǹʱ򣬺󷽾ȫڴ죬ûҲô״ʤ̡
ϵ۴ʱѾʼɣ̫ҲȻϹҲȻ
ҲһͬУֱʮǰŻİˡ
ںãİϲյǻԸ⳥дãʮ˰յķʽÿ
ۣɾ
̫Ź忴ȥС
鲻ʣϣ׿ڴӦ˳ȳԸȢΪޡ
̫Σ˰
(δ)

ʮһ ˰С

ϵҲ¸ĺƣ飬һܸ˵飬һС
ϵۿ򰲽νͣ
ûͣûӣһֱھǣºͳ޹أϣ˵жӳжӣжӣˣ
ɫѿûĿһۻжӵˣӸӢսûС
㻪ŮҲ۸ô
˻һǻЩҲסˡ
ﷸֹ֮ɽǸ̹ˡ
¿ǵ˵˵ǲȷʵаСˣǲ˵ǰӣʱҲڣҲˡ
ϵ۵˿¿
˵ȷʵдˣΪ˵˵ӡ
һãȻȷʵû˵
ҲǸúŪġ
û˵ǰСԼ˵֮Ҳûз񶨣¿֤¿ĿԲɣһ¿ҪǸ˵һٻŹ¿ӡ
¿Ҳʵش𣺡ϣССֵȷʵԱţ˵ǰ֮ӡ
Ŷ
ϵҲò򰲽ˣôȥûˡ
νͣ
޻˵涼ˣºͣںδ
һãҲǺ۸ġ
ûȻô£
ϵۿȷʵû˵ӵ飬㿴£
ϣѲ齫ԼûУɽǷ顣
ƫţҲˡ
ϣ᲻ŮңϲλСֵܣԲŲҲ˲ˡ
ϵ۳Ĭãֻǲزص飬ƫ˵иӣǱûжӣǴȥǽЦ
Ҳģϵһᣬ磬ԽԽԾԽ侲
ܰСǲǰĶӣеģ˿ԲţܵԼϹˣһΡ
ϣС˭ҪҪҵӦҪȢģҲӦˣôҲ ܶޣŮӵΪأϴͻ飡
ϵҲһնࡣ
ҲҵõǸѼϼˣ
ϵۿλ˶ϵ˵ʲô
ϵ۴ʱҲһĪչο
СȷʵУ¿ٽ˵ӦȢٽ飬֪
ڴͻһ£ǻ
С񲻳֣룬ѾӣŻ˱ܶɡ
ǡϵۿ顣
ҧҧϣǰСΪ֮ǳҲˣϴͻǣԸСĲҡ
ֻǡּǰСҵˣҪȢҹţڼȢޣôڳ֮󣬳ޣ֮ǰӣҲԸңԸúþޡ
ϵ۳Ĭãʰ㿴أ
ϵʲôСҲ£ѲҽҲ¡˵ĸоһԴʲô²ǣѲ齫򵥣˵ôǻɣǲ԰
Ͼһֿùǽǣһ£ϷͻҲǿܵġ
ʱȻҸŵԵģСҲҪ޸ⲻ˫ô
ϵۿҪѲ鲻أ
Ѳ鲻ȻѲ顣ҲǸȥǶһִ֣Ŀľݡ
Ҫиޣ
ûޡҪŮҲôŮ
ϵ۰ĺЦ¡
˵أ
Ϊ²ǱȻСҲʱ˵ίпܳлɣºһˡ
ҽھӪʱҲǴˡ
ֻӢսܰﳼͳ󷽾Ҳǽֻ֮Σ˵ѣԭһѧʦá
Դ¹ڻڴΧǹʱ򣬺һܡ
˵ȷʵϲ˵˴ɽΪҪΡ
ȴصʱ֪ͼȻǰˡ
˵Сû˵ϲҪȢҵġ鲻ŭ
һãտƾ˵СҪȢˣ
鱾ǻ˵˵顣
ϵһãСҲǸ޿翳˵ʡġ
ϲɡһҪɱ˰С̱ȭϣԭ˰СĴڣһʼΪС飬ŵ֪һС
ȻСʦ֣Ϊ̽ǷǸ÷
û뵽Ҫɱˡ
ʱ֪ΪΰСҳΪ
ϣּΪͻ飬Ѻ´ΣⰲС֪ڴˣҳ
(δ)

ʮ ѰС

ϣǹѺεĵο»ûˣС˵ʦ֣к֤ƭأʵ
ǰ磬ϵۡ
ϵ룺ʤ̣޻ٹ٣Ϊ˽ӷϴʿ
ڰСһ£̫ƹȥʹ
ѲһʱƬ̣ʹȻҪ顣
ȷдˣźôͻ飬Ǹ֮ˣ޲ܽٽļ޳ȥ
ȷдˣƷҶֻǲ̽ҲͰˡ
˷ǲľ飬һн֮УҲؾСӲš
СȻͳ󷽾ҹǹȻǵ֮
Ըʿ볯Ϊ١
뻪ٽҲǺһ
лϡΪ˲֦æл
ǼϣⰲСڳƷвˣǹᱻƭ
ǰʤΪβ˵鲻ʾԲɡ
廹˵ʲôϵ۲ã㲻Ҫ˵ˣºѲ˵Ĺϵ޲׷㻹Σ
ˣǲ˵޻Ҫʵġ
ϣδ˵дˣ
ߣûУȥʾ֪ˣ̫ƹλˣȥͨһλһٽ¿ٽ򸾣㼸˵ĵȺ˳
ϵȻȥڴ󳼹ͻϣӣ̫ƹһȥ򰲽ȻǰС常ҲͲ⡣
ûĿһ۰תȥĵҲһͬ˹ȥ
޹ϻȥ飬û뵽ǽ˻ʹ
ƵվߣĸΡ
֣Ǻܵ⡣
˶ǿݵϱΣ
ʱ͹վһ𣬰ĸвãȻ֪СǸ㲻÷ŻɽҲ鷳һݱǡ
˹ˣȻҪϡ
СҲҪһݣκܵıӶ죬СҪȥ̣عͷѾܵĲӰ;СҪƬҹ׷ǷͨɱȴûҵʵСΪѣ
˵ʲô鱻㵵Ͳĵ⣬ȥҹҪˣ׷ɱô׷ɱ
Ǳ飬ͻٽ޹ء
塭
ŭˡ
ҲûܣҲû¹塣
ŭ󵨻飬㵨ֱ䣡
¿ͷȻǸʱ;̫ûзֱ˫һѾʼˡ
޹֣װʲôû˿ű𴦡
˵ҴǷġ
СðҰҵˣõ

λү
СӴ˲ֹͣ硣
Ƚĵϵͷһ۽ˡ
μϡ
ϵۿ˾ͷۣ˵һСŪǰˡ
û˵һɻ𣬾͵ž̫ƹָ˵
˵ôˡ
СҲʶ˵
̫Ĭˣû
ƹֻʣ治ʶСˣ
ϵá
ƺϸ룬ҡҡͷ
ƹ̫ʱֲ˵ˡ
ƹ˵ȻʶһаСˣǿʶһˣ˵Ǵɽģʦ֣ɽΪ̽ĺûڴǹʱæ󷽾ɵġ
ƱһãȻˣʲôʦ֣ʦʱ˵Ψһĵӣʦߺ˵ӣҪߺյģҲʦ֣ʦܡ
̫ȻǣϷϹȻȥˡ
̫Ϲ
̫Ϲ뿪˿æ׷ʣôаС
Ҳ֪ʲô˼ðģҪǴ̰ɣʦ˵ǽˣ˲˰ɡ
̫ϹϵһûаСˣ㿴ˡ
ȷʵʦ֣ݾд֤ˣҪּȥˣܹǲã½
ϵ۱»С»ޡ
鲻ϡ
ϣԼ£ѾЦҪ޵˲֪ȥδ
ոճĵ⣬˵ڰС뿪Ӫʱ򣬱׷ɱСƬȫǲȥ´ͨɱ
ʣСٳ
ȥҪ㳼ҵСȷСİȫ
ǰСôҪһһС
ϵۿ۹壬һ͸Եͷ
׼ɣ
̧۵ǲʣϵ˰ɣҰСһ½ٽ˵ǲǡ
(δ)

ʮ 븮

뿪ʹȥ·ûȥ˵Ҫȥ̫밲
ǽ˻ȥ˻̫
ڻ飬̫ûʲôҲʡ
ҲҪ߶һ
̫˵ҪҵǺ£ҲҲ𵢸ˣĻҪͱִ̫ˡ
ɡ
Ϳ˲ɣ֮б˵ĵ
̫һֱð
ӵ˼ǣ
磬û˼ˣżǺ£ֻԵעģӲô
ҡͷ粻ǵˡ
ӼǵãǲԸģʵ⹬ȷʵֻһ֪ĵҲ֮¡
²ǿ󣬴翴ǡ
ȻвʣֻôһŮһŵԣˣҲĿ
Ƶû뵽˵ˣɷµӣɽ
ٽſڹӭ
͹Ҳڣ鿴ֻǴһû쳣
Ů˺Ů˻зֱģ鳣ھӪŮ˽Ĳ
ƴʱһɫĿȹڻ޿
鱧ȭſף
Ƹ˸ӣ
Ҳ£֪ɷһ˵
ٽ롣Ʋ࿪뻪ȥ
һűӭ˲˵ĲĿ޲Ǳۣٽޡ
뻪鵽ǰҷʱ򿴵ĳճɵɵģҪǸ˶á
鵭ĮĿһۺңȥˡ
ˡ
ư˰֣˶ȥ鿴Źϣſƣ˵ǰһҪ޸еԭ»³ç
һ
æŻ飺ٽ𡣡
ȥ飬Ҫƽϡ
ٽȥҲδϣҲˣС̫Ҳ˵ˣˣĲʶ
ɣ㲻ʶҲһӡûУǲʲôʱӴǵˡ
ǲģ±ʰơ
ҡͷ˺ܾãû뵽ҪļˣҲ벻
ּҪҲҰСҲϣܰҡ
Ȼ㲻ǻּٽǻҲٽˣס
ãǾϣձѲ
ٽ롣
뻪Ѳ飬Ҳܿʹ˰Ѳһ顣
Ż飬ǾӸ
Ӹס˷Ǹ󣬴󲿷ֶ²ؼ߸߹𣬳ֵĵС
Ψվӣŷ鲻ţƱνͣסǽʿСӵʦƽƢЩŹ֣֣ŽԷӺܾãٽ԰ꡣ
ţͲ
ΣֻÿڣˣҪҸˣ뿪š
鿴ſڣǰЩӺ;İϵ飬Ҽģ˵ˡ
˶ˣȥɡһ˵
һ£漴һЦٽ⣬ʿˣϰ߾ͺˡ
ӽŪһ°Ŵ򿪣ľ˨һ룬￴Ϳһµžӿ
黪һ£Ǹʲô
еˡ
˵껪ͿʼӵˣŽϴſף֮޲ȥѺúõһŪҡ
ۿŻ飬Իòð
ǿĳŮˣԹ
Ǹɵӻ֪Ѿģûޣ
Ҫ취ù֪֪
ȷûˣת뿪
ʱƳŷεһЦȸǡ
鿴˿һУſڣܵñӶ죬ͲӰˡ
ȷûҵСת˵ҵһˡ
ٽ롣
ƸŻţҾΧһˮйͨ
濴һۣ֪Ϊ췴ˣûҾѹˡ
˽ŻѲ飬ѽҲûҵˣ黹ץ˼ˣʣû˵ӵ¡
Ҳ˻ȻвʣӽѾҹƶЩΣû뵽һСѻڳ֪͡
Ʒ˼ڡ
ҲܱùȢĺãô۵һˣҪûаСο֪
ٽʱˣңϢΣҲˡ
ͷȻˣҸսһ硣
һЦã
(δ)

ʮ ۾

סƸ˺Ժի
黹δסھӸףƱ㰲ի
鵱ĸỤ̊ƽĵ/̹ġ
·öҲƽš
Ҳĸˣϻıʿ˵סĸǲ
ƫҪ
Ϊѣٽⲻװɣ
кβףҶŮӣ£οիӺֻܶ࣬סͬһԺסһҿʲôס
οСûҵּҪҰСȥ֪ͨ˰СܵĸԶˣҲˡ
ͷͷǵ߲Ҳ粵ֻǽȥߵ顣
ԡ£Ůװҳձ
һ̣ƻ˰죬û鴩ŮװΨоޡ
һ˾޵ŮӣƻǸб͡

黺Ҳòǿ塣
˵ٽ
ţɡ黹Ǿ˯ţ塣
ƷԸ⣬Ҳþܾ
ðɡ
ȥ㻪壬ûʼѯˡ
ȥޣ⹬аһŰƳȥ
ʲôǰ֪ǹˣѯʡ
ŮæŻأүˣȥޡ
Ʒӣٽүոմӱ߹ػǷ޻ûףϣٽ£ڰС飬ȷʵ֪ˣҲүС顣
ȻˣǾˣҪддˡ
ҪҹˣԼˣܷŹ
ΣЦ£ҹ֮УүжٽĹ뷿Ȼǲýġ
£ڴ˱ɡ鿴ſڻŮȥǲ˵ˤˣؾˡ
ǣ
ŮȥȻˡ
ű㿴ƣϵµĴ
ȷû¹Щ˵Ŀ顣
ٽüһ˵һߵƵߣסƵ֡
ذɡ
鲻˵ʲôѾѰƴϴ׼ˡ
˵Ҫģ²꣬˭Ҳߡ
鿿һߣĿ۹壺Ȼڱ߹ر߹أھʶҲ١
Ҫ߼˻ǿԵģ˽ҿԼңҪ뿪ҪʤʤȻ뿪ҪǲʤǾҪ
ߣٽıԹȻأʶˡ
˴˱˴ˣȻ׷ɱСҵԵƱذ͵ļȮʳѰ
д
Źͻ黥ãƲģ˾ͿƲס
ү˯һᡣ
廹ȻӦƱ˯ˡ
屧סƣһ£סƱҪߡ
ǽϵĽסȥ·㲻꣬뿪
һ߹ȥ㣬һƣ°Ƴ£ֱ۱ȥֱۣѪεδ䵽ϡ
ſŮŵòᣬת˳ȥȥˡ
ŭţ˭ҽɱ⣡
ǣ
ի˲䱻Χ˸ˮйͨ˵׷ɱС飬ͺ޲˺˹塣
屧Űƣֱˡ
ã£飬š
ȥ£ﱧŰƣţһߣƲ˯ˣ
żҪߣŹȥ
ϴΰʦˣûϣһֻн١
ʹʱڣ㲻á
ͷðˣָ̧Ʋ˲ͷĺ
߻ȥ£һöӣȻ¡
嵣İƣֱ۽˻ڻԸоƺҪһûκηӦ
ˡ
ѣ忴˿̣ǰǧХһʱ乬֮УԺԽңϢʼ
˺ү
ʱѹסǻĶ֡
ǰһؿһһѪ˳գһ۾ǰˡ
Ҳһ϶Ѫ
۾ֱս§סơ
ơ
ƣƺ޷ӦʱҲЩԾ
ſƽæŷ
ٽƽ
ƽ⣬˫ֺһݼ
滪飬̧ʾⲻٱ
¡
ȥͳȥʲô£һе齫˸ȥ㻹ӡ
建Ѿǵϵˡ
ƽ۾
鿴ſڣƽ
ƽţһ·飬ſڷ㱻
ƽſ۷飬鵱治ͷһƿ˸˽ȥ˵ڷĲϡ
û˾ʹſ˳ȥѪ˵ϡ
ʱۿ飬ûᡣ
ƽӣæ˹ȥү
£۾ˡʱ۾ĵ˫۷ҹҰްȴնĹâ·޵Ԩ
(δ)

ʮ ѻ

ƽһӣûסˣæŲ˲ᡣ
ү
ƽ屾Ҫ꣬ķλոյƣ߻ħ֮Уˣ˫Ŀʧˡ
ǡ
ƽæŴӦ
˲ῴ̣һ˵Ԫλã裬Ѿϣߣ·
ӿ侲ҵλð£۲Ƭ̣һ֡
·λãҲǺӡ
һӣ㲻ƽ
ߵǰѾԡ
һ£ƽ鳹סƽٿȫ塣
Ʊߣÿһ·ƽת˳ȥ
ҽ
ƽŹ뿪Ҳ뿪
鿴̷Ը̿
˿忪壬ʣµľ󲿷ǰ壬һͿ
ˣ
ţˣ˳˰ɣЩ
ǡ
ȥϢŮɨ飬˯š
صԺŰѰƷ£ͻơ
ƺ޷Ӧḧ/Ƶգ˾͵˹ȥ
үƽŹѾεҽһŵ޴롣
ҽ쿴ƽæŷԸ
ҽҡͷƽҿˣˣֻᡭ
ҿ
ҽſڼæţ˵ǲΪȻֻǱˣڿҪ˸ͨҵȵĹܶԼæҲá
ҽһˣת飺ǿԡ
鵭Ȼûôǻɡ
תȥˡ
صӸ󣬾ӸǱɷƽ˾࿴һ۶ȥת˷
ƽż۹ҽѵ˲ô
Һ˵ڸǰ̫ͼˡҽȥƣãһ
ôˣƽѯʡ
ҽ֣
Ͳùˣżȿү
үҾû취ˣǸ֡
ƽԸȥҪý֪£ȥ
ǡ
½뿪ƽ˾Ӹȥ飬鲢ӡ
ƽصԺԺȥ
˴ӷȥſţү
ȥ˽ȥҷ顣
ү㲻ȹû취ɱ
ĵۿȥһͣΪΣ
˵үûУҪˣǸ//һȺӣǹ¶ĸɱ˹¶ĸ۸ˡ
ڽϿһĵλ׷ɱ¶ĸǽ˳Ц
ߣ
ƿ˳ȥ
ƽŻ˭ܰæʱ򣬷ѾԺ
ƽæǰ
ţߵǰסɿ齣
ҽæŰѹ
ߵ£˫ְסı
ҽʾ˶ȳȥ⾪ˣɲҪ鷳
ƽȺʱŴ
ƽϽȥӵĿһ۷ǰԼӡ
ʱһȺѻԶƺ˾ţϯիеˡ
鱻ѣ㱻һȺѻΧס
óɱΪѻ
ѻ¸½л̧ͷݶһĽ˹׼ѻ˼
ѻԭϱ˹ûһ
ѻȺ˲һϯ飬¹ŭ𣡡
Ҿѵأ񣬺ܿһֻѣԺ衣
˫һʱŰ
ͰѻߣѻȺ뿪
ֱҲˣȥȰˡ
Ͱѻȥƽƽѻż
ҽͷˡ
ҽһۣѻĳһ򶼷ˣ϶Ҫ
ҽ˴ѻΪˡ
ôѻҪҵǿϧˣҪǷһǱ˻Ҫܡ
ƽҲΪˣǾֹѪȵ
ҽֻô
ҽѻֹѪƽ㿪ʼȡ
Űƺ͹壬ȷʵ֮ǰһЩɫָˣ֪ʲôʱѹ
ѻˣѻܱˣһֱڸ¸½л
Ҳһš
ſڿһۣת˾Ӹ
ܹٿѻ˭
С۾СϻСϻӵšŷʷʵϻӣȥˡ
βҲȥһǰһֻһһԺ棬Сϻߵƺ͹ķſڣ̧צӰŰϣơ
˻֣һһѾȥˡ
ѻĿһһ۾ˡ
Сϻߵ棬ϵѪβӣѻѻϣСϻҧסѻ˵ĳžߡ
(δ)

ʮ ټĽ

ƽ˸ųȥҪѻѻҲں澪ŵҽС
ƽ˵Ƕ£˭Ҳ£ȥСϻԵġ
Ȼô˵˶ûСϻʲôط
ѪѻֱˮѪͿˮСϻһأƽӺţβҲϲѻѪʱʱڵϵѻѪ
ѻΪѻСϻˣеԽΧѻҲҪСϻͣѻͲҿˡ
ƽֻðѻڻסѻ۾
ԭѻ󳤵Ҳѻǰ󣬱ƽĻܺðס
һ·ߵӸ󱦱ǵſڣСϻƿŰѻ˽ȥ
ʱСǺͰľ˵סƽùá
ƽŹˣ֣ô£
ľ˵СˣһֱڵСϻͶβҲô£ܸоõء
ƽǵĿһ棺
š
ľžӸſڽķ飬˴ӣùãǱߵˣҪ
ƽ飺ţùȥ
á
ƽתȥҷ飬鿴󱦱ǵſڣ˭ٿѻ
û˭ٿѻЦˣѻ˾ţ߾ѻżͻᷢ飬÷Цˡ
ƽŻѻ󣬰ѻˡ
ȻǲţƿƽȥСǡ
ƽתס
˲ʮˣס飬ν򣺡ÿ
뿴˭ÿ
ӾӸ洫תȥ
Ѿ˽ƽæ˹ȥ˵ʱȴס
ƽ˵Сġ
š
飬䣺ķ˸Ȥô
ߣתߣⰲ
ոתϵǿ嵽ϣͣ£ת򰲽
Ѿ߽飬ͣ£һһơ
˿ƶûʲô£ǿĹ˲ɨԺӣĿ䣬Ȼʹѣ˿Ϊ
üͷ˹
ƽ룬ѻ£ŷ˹ȥ΢УóһذףЦ죡
ϢˣһѪ
ƽæذף·ʲô¶ûз
תȥƽ̿ߵǰô
ҡͷת飺ϷռˣֻǻУҪвյȷȬˣϷ㣡
鰴סݺݵĿƽƽæŵǸȲ֮ʱ£
ʵˣ
֪
˵ţ󱦱ǵķ֨ѽһƿβ˳ƽȽţѻڵſţ°ȥǰöˡ
ż󱦱Ĵˣ紵
ȥһ˵Ľӡ
ˡ
е˰ȥҷ飺ү
˳Žӡȥңʲôˡ
ǡ
˴Ӵ뿪תһǰļˣûš
ƽʰȥҽˣѷŹϡ
ϵС壬һֱš
С۾ϢɫǺܺá
СϻͶβҲû

ƽȥС壬˵ҪӦȥɡ
ƽ뿪С忴ۼۿĴ󱦱
ľСǺúտǼ
ǡ
Сȥϴ裬СŵˮСϣСһɫĺۼ
Сϴ豧׼ţ̣ιСš
ξ￴Ľˣģ֮ǰĽȥ˽˵оҡ
ѾܺĽǴǰһӴˡ
֪ʲôҽԺ
Ľվʵҵһ棬עĶ
˺ܾãĽݲתһ뿪ĿӢмϤ벻˭
Ľϵʱߵ˶ʶġ
Ľʱܰ꣬ŵ˲档
ûлĽݣ֮Ľݷŵ֮ǰŵĵط
֮оϣҲסˡ
ˣΧһҲž
Ƹоʲô壬ȥʲôطǱʵ棬ҪҵĳطĿز뿪
ƺʲôĽݰԼŵһ˭
Ʊ뿴˭ȿ͸оˡ
ƺȻ۾һ
ӣ
ƽˣ˹ȥƸоƵģˡ
Ʊ۾һ
оǺܺá
(δ)

ʮ С

Ľĺܰ꣬·һжźˣ֪ΪʲôܾﲻԾ
ƽүأ
ƲûģĽݸû
ƽһۻûѵĹ壺үˡ
ƿȥʲô
תͿƽŵĹˡ
æȥ飬ȻõĲ࣬վûã۾Ҳˣľ˲٣ҲѹˣԿˡ
ƽңſڿš
ǡ
ƽæ˵ϸ󿪹Ѫ
ѪȣϢҲƽࡣ
סֿһ۾
ƹЦ£ˣ
үô˵ģƲ֪ʲô£Ӳˡ
û£˰û£ŷİѰ§ס
ү
˸ΣμĽˡѹҲһ£̧ͷƿ塣
ү˵ʲô
Ľˣ
һŲţĽˣͷˡ
үô֪ģƲŹܸһص˵ĶģĽˣͷס
Ȼģ֮ǰȥסĵط棬иʵң̨㣬мйս¡
ƴȥоʵû̫𣬱м˵ܷ˵Ķ棬һиˣúϤǸŮ˲Ŷԣ뿴ͻˡ
Ŀڳ˳Ҳ㿴ûͻˡ
忴ƣƣʱоˡ
ʲô֣ȻʲôĽݸүˣ
ȻϣҲòϣĽݿˡ
ƺ͹嶼û˵Ҫˣ˵Ľþһҵطİ취ܿҲҵ˻ȥİ취
ֻ˭ҲĽ
үô˵ģҲ𰸵飬Ҳ˵
Ű˵߰ƣ̾ϢôѲҿүҪ׼С
ƣûŰƣ粵ͷһڰơ
һ쿴ſڣƽء
Ц£ʧȥ֪ӵУǡ
ûһ۹壺˵ĺ𡣡
ÿƻȥͬҲãȱҵͰж˿顣
үãˣүڵĶ֣
˵ʲôֱҧ
ֻһЦ͵ʲôû˵ɡ
ȱҵƾ֪ˡ
ɷҪȥһҲ˵ϻˡ
˿ʱҲ֪˯˶á
ƽƺһƽŽ
ʲôʱˣ죿
ҹ˯ģʱ硣
֪ˣȥɣҺүҪԡ£׼ҺүϽѣһҺүȥ顣
ӣѻˣھӸǱߣмĸ֡
ʲô£
ƽѻ˵һ飬֪СѻС尲ƹ˲ϻѪ뿪ֱȥС塣
Ƶ˴󱦱ǵӣȥС壬ŮæܽĵĲŷ¡
һֱ˯С彻ơ
һֱ˯
ƣϻˡ
ƿ۰æ˵С岻£İɡ
š
С֣Ÿƿһۡ
ۺˣ첻µز£Сﲻʹ졣
Ҳۣ۾ˣתȥ档
忴ѾûµѻѻҲƺҲΣһֱվڵϿ塣
С¹Ҫ˼պ󴳻ѻŤ𴦣Ṭ塣
Сϻһ
ֻжβȥ档
ƸСһЩѪǸСָԪòƷ
С建۾Ϣ
ССȥץץƵ·ƵͷףԺ̫嶯ˣ
Ȼ𱸵Ļƶˡ
Сֻܱ۾
ƴѾϣһ۳ĸӣתˡ
˵ƽȥҵȥˡ
ǡ
ƽתæȥҰŽˣȿżӣСŹȥϴϴ
·ƺ͹ص󱦱ǵķ䣬һ緹
ӶСˣԶҲڻ£ֻǳԵʱ鷳㣬Ҫι
СԵ裬ССѲԣƷ֣С岻Իȣԣ첻ſ
ֻøȵŰſ
ƱСģ֣Իأ
忴һСϻǣ߶һȺȣôԣ
ҲСȥڿ羰С尮磬ϲȥ
ױţСŰȻ˯
(δ)

ʮ ŭ

ƲðСſĴ󱦱˯ţƲϢ
ƽŰţ˻µĸ٣ѻˡ
˾ʹ򣬴ĻѪ
ƽʲôҲû˵ǴһЩƽѹûæֱ򣬰ת뿪
ŭ֮ɽ̫
ͣ£תȥŵһ¡
һ£ˣѻţΧ˿ã˼޹
ƽȥ˿Ϊ
̴ܸ˵𣬿˺á
ĲѪתȥæŪƵġ
ȥ·Ҳû̹ƽæš
ſڣųһȥ
ʱѾڣһѾ˯ˡ
ſڹҲպų
æŽˣ
˶ȥˣ˵ϵһ
ƱСߵſڡ
ľСҲ˲ذƽԶտļӡ
ҲᵢԼ飬ϽźλСӣѾľ⼸ӵֳһľģСŮӣȻǸġ
ţʱˣҹǣ绻·׼ɡ
ǡ嵭ص
ƶˣƽЩһ
ȥôڼտ󱦱˵ҪȥģȥĻǲס
ȥ⼸Ҳȥ̫ѾҪˣ޲ڣһֱûȥǺӵĸҲԡϴ
ƿ۹ǱߣԽòԡ
޶Ҳû˵
ŰľСǣ
СǺͰľǿŰɡ
תˣƱԽˡ
ת壬ʣ֣
Сѣʹˡתȥ˿ӡ
ȥɣ˳ָ⣬ľ˹Ŀڽ常ĸ˳
ǡľӦ
תƣ칫ľ԰æտģƺͱտһС˺԰æչһ
ҿǴźڹҲ죬ľСǻҪչأϾǵһν
˼ʵһģڸĵλ
ƽŰľСǡ
ǡ
ҲãζűԼǷ֡
Ƶǰû֪ͨ飬һһͬ
﹬ţҲˡ
˳һ˷ȥҰƣƱС嵲˵С첻ҪϢ
Ŷȥģһͬ
ƺƵ֮޲Ľǡ
칫ܾûˣЩΪ˶ӱˡ
ӦҪȵ﹬
һ칫æŸ˸񣺡칫
Ҳǡ
ǰ칫иˣ
кĸˡ
λţ˳Ǳȥ
̫͵ڳ﹬ſˣˣĲʶʧˣ˲ݳŰƵȥ
˰ǰ̫ȰС屧˹ȥС壬ǲĸˣ
Ȼã̫ҲҰСͷƿҹӲ硣
С̫ȵ﹬űͷǣ׼˵ʲôСɫã̫ʣСɫôô
ûӦʱתˣ̫Ҳ˿ӡ
̫С֣ô£
ĸϢŭҵΪС屻ˡ
ţ
ƿһ۹壬˵Сϲѻ꣬ϻ
ò׵õһֻѻҲСĹ
û뵽ڱƣһѪ
СѻˣҪ飬ùɱѻѻмܻСߣСѻˣ۱ҹʱûԹɫһЩ
ո·ϲ£ΪƢĸã˵׼ȥһˡ
ţҪ״
̫ɫã飬ӲСǷȥ磬С弸ڴ˴һֿʩչȭţˣ޷ˡ
忴۰ƣǷ£칫ˣȥ硣
һ׼Űƽȥȥ£һ±㿴ŵĻ鸸Ů
Ҳ⣬û뵽ῴͰһͬǰ˶û¡
һԣ±㿴ŰǱߡ
ˡ
СӺһϣʺݵ
һ£תݼ
ľûƵѾˡ
ϵЯʺ֣ɡ
ڳлãϵۿۻʺס֡
̧ͷƳ
(δ)

ʮ 

Ƴ࣬ãֻûôЦݡ
ٹ٣Ц£Ĭˡ
ջĿ⣬Ŀǰӡ
ƴʱ鸴ӣһͷһ֡
ಫһʹĽ
翪ϵһͱãһƣҲӣرЩˡ
Ψͨ죬Ҫ״ûлᣬϵۺ˵ʱ򣬻һ״
ϣʵǳԲ£δ飬û뵽ؾ͸˴鷳
žƱѿ͸˵ĵعһơ
ϵ۶ʻôˣȻЩڡ
ˣҲö˵ֻüʣ֪ǲʲô鷳¡
ϣ֪ε˰ҵ˳˵˻
ŭɶ۾
Ȼ˿⡣
ϵ۾֪鷳
¿ģϵȻסУĵĲȴ˿
ҲǴʱ֪˻
⵹Ǻǰ̫һޣôһ
˵ΪŮ۸˳ŮŮǳҲӦ۸˳ҪǴŮԴСˣպúʡ
ϵһ֣˻Ӻ˵𣿡
ϣѪˣ
ָŰ˵˳ȥֱŻȥ
Σֻõͷװû
޷졣
˵޷ҲˣôɷҲ޷ġ
Ҳãȥ˾Ҫɼܡ
ϵ۱ˣ֮ɽﻹûޣ
ϣ쳼ȷʵѪϳСһֻѻٽɱСӱŻЩҲ֮Уˡ
һСӱŻûȻ
ֻһŮʴ֮λ˵
ڴ󳼷׷׿򰲽ͻλƾУԭͲص̧һѻϵ۸ˡ
ˡ
תߣֱ޷졣
ϵ˵ʲô漴վȸˣϣҲˡ
ϵ۱ڵˣŴȥɡ
˾ڵվǶ֣򲻹˿ģװ˾ˣ˱Ӵˡ
һߣҲ˳ȥ
˶లƱ㲻ˣ漴ˣŰȥ档
ϵᣬԷ
ϵ۲ߣ˭Ҳö
Ҳˡ
ʱԺ
ƳͿڰŻ򰲽
ү
ɫһ˽ȥ漴Ͷ
꣬ʵ˭ðæûס
ϲܣ˭Ҳҿǰ
ĸ˴Ķˡ
ȥȻ
˭֪һ屻۸ȭͷ˻һȭһ߿ŭһȥ
ˤһӣһһڻϣѻˤİһ
Ź廹û֣һסֱӵϣſ˻ȥ
ɫһߣ
Ц۰ơ
˿䣡
Ҫȥ̫״ǳ԰ɡ˾ˡ
ֻôӦҲҪЦˣˣҪȥ״ǿź³çʵŵһһ׵ġ
ƺǰϻ
ͻæȥƺ
ٽҵƽձЩ꣬ջҺү֪飬뻪ͬһϣԭҵ
ʧ
棬Ҫʲôá
һˡ
鵭ĮĿ˿ƣĻôء
תȥ˻
˶ˣ࣬ûĿһĺ¡
˶ȥĸ
˰˰֣ŸŶˡ
˳ɢȥһ¹壬ȻˣǾ߰ɡ
Ƹ嵽﹬ʱ򣬺ڹſڵţ㳯
ȽȥͱŴ󱦱˴ӳ﹬ˡ
̫Ҳû˵ʲôһĸ
һ
үҹ£
ƿɲȥС塣
˵Ҫȥġ
ŰƵ֣ȥ﹬̫һͷ̫һ١
̫˳˳ձ°ɣСñչţ¡
ǡ
Ӧ̫ġ
һֱ˯
ǰȥӡ
ߵ棬¿˴ϡ
ƿ˿С壺˯ˣĸҺүһϢĸ½ǡ
š̫ץС֣ˣԽԽ
Ǹ飬̫֣
ΣĸˣǸС
ϱ̫ǰȻۣ밲£Ҳ׷ˡ
(δ)

ʮ Ůӵĵط

ϢһƵһϣʱ򣬾ͿС̫ﴲţ̫һ档
ƺǺϲǴӣһֱ֡
̫ŪС壬Сһֱ̫󿴡
̫˻ˡ
С̫С壬С̰СԴ̫ļϣۣ붯ӡ
Сˣ̫С壬Сתſ̫ļϣ۾ϡ
վһߣǶмֵ֡
ϵͳģЩһǿܵġ
ĺӣȴЩĹˡ
ĸ󡣡Ƹ˸ӣ̫۰ơ
С忴ûˣҪڹ㱾ա
Щ̹ң빬ǲɱģĺ̫Сˣ᲻á
ĸСס߹СҪڹУԸ⣬
彫·ãһ
̫ɫã¶࣬û㡣
˵˱㲻㣡ߵ̫ǰȻС˹ơ
Ƿˣһһ
̫Ȼвʡ
κιڰƺСǰס̫
ĸ󣬶Ӹˡ
˵꣬תСߣŪðȥҲҲǡ
̫ҪҲǰƣ˦˦ӣ㻹վŸʲô˰ɣ
ǣ
Ҫأò˻ᡣ
˸ӣ˳ȥ
̫ſڣȥЪš
ŰƱ㿴屧Ŷӵȥ˸ǰƲſСﻹ̫߬Ǵ顣
ĸͷ⼫ãԲ
Сһ˫С̧𣬷Ҫƴϡ
ĸġƱܾæڰƵĲˡ
ƵͷСֹȥæŰС屧˹ȥ
ллС壬ϲ
С尲ݵڰƵĻƸǺͷǣһ
Сڳ˯ˣϸŲϵᰡ
忿һߣѶӱȥö˯ϣӻλƵĸζ
һ˼ĿŶӣ岻ˣûģС壬ѱһɶ
үлһڶӡ
ü
үһͷײ
ץһ°ƣ˵
Űƿȥһڡ
˵үײɲҡ
Ѷӱȥ忴˶ӣһ
ˣƵıŶӣһҸҲ˵ʲô
һ·εŻصƸͿһһͣ¡
ǹǻ̫
̫ȻȴޱȻĸǶŽɫӣš
Ҳǻɫģмˡ
̫ķﲻͬһ
ߵƵǰ
ƾ֪ûôô򷢡
ٽǴȥҰС
˦ˣҲ˦ˡ
Ȼ鿴һ۰Ʋϵ飬Ц£ҲӲס
ţſڵס飬ҲΪ鲻ýš
үٽؾûлعӦȻȥϹء
岻˵ʲôתƣΪںô
һһ˯ĲãԸЩġ
ԼĪһᣬ˵ʡ
תƷԸȥٽȥˣƼҲǳ¡
صԺϢһ£ȥ󱦱
ưѲϵСǣﲻǺϲСǴɡ
СǿŲϵ飬л
СҪ˵Щ㲻ţҲڲ֪ġ
ţݣЩˣҲҪȴţʱ
ݣ˶֪ıˣܰϷĶжȥ
˲֪˭
С룺Ůǲ֪ô
ǲ֪֪ϲһӣ㲻ģط˰ѳĺأҪûиݣ֪ݵľͻã㣬ЩˣһЩĺǣǶ֪Ǽģͻ˵Ǽģˣǻڮ㣬˵ΪҪչ˵ܵǣŻ
ƶ¿СǣС˵ΪϲңŴһģôĺӣֻǴһˡ
ЦˣСˣ㣬￴¸ңأЩҲģȴ¸ҵģҲ
ﲻϣǸӣûǻ϶ţûЩһĺӣϲ
Ưûдط棬ֻƯǲԵģ㻹ҪΪƵͬʱΪԼ̺Ҫߵ·ӣȷ㽫ʳǣ֣ԱԼŮӣ
СǵͷҪʳǣ֣ԱԼŮӣҲҪһǿ󣬿Աܵǣ϶ŵŮӡ
ţ
ƱСǣ֪㲻ôطǸרųŮӵĵطû취Ǹ
һ鸡꣬ŮǲϲģܾҪǵĸܾˣ
(δ)

ʮһ 

ưСǣС彻˹壬ȻСʱ̶ֿܷΪ˱СǣҲΪø֪СڸݵλбҪСڸһȦ
תһȦѾˡ
ƲŰСͻص󱦱ǵķ䣬ȥҹ壬һ£ã׼СǽԺˡ
ŮӣǲԺҲϹء
˰ϣհ˵ģСԺһߣСǽһԺӡ
ְƶˣͽžӡ
ͽ˹ʼͼͼֽǶ԰Ƶ츳ֱĵز
ԺӺ;ӸԺӼ£ȴȾӸҪһЩ
ǧϽ״̬ǽСǣûʲô뷨С˵Ҫ¥ķ棬ϰ˽Ҫʱ
Ʊ¥˰˽ǵ
Ҫžӵ飬ܿ첻һߣŰݷõ˶֪һŮ
ЩʶһɫŮӣŮӸ˺ӣŹռǹʱҵ˴ŮӣŮѾڣһŮǴ˻
⻰Ǻ²æؿڡ
屧С壬Ǻˣæȥʲô˵ģҲֵǺ
ûˣЦ
ʰбô
ûˣֻſסûŹȥǹܾСǵŹ֡
Ȼ˵ܸŮкӣڰСǱôչˣԭġ
üԣҪȥ򼸰Ӳˡ
Ų˵ˡ
Ʒ壺ԺӵͽүˣǹѾˣ̩񰲣ƽƹЩ⣬ʣ»ˡ
ںˣŮͨԣһ
ƱûĿһۣ㣬үΪƵġ
⻹ȥᣬǡ屧С
˵ȲҪܣ˵İϻʹǰүվ͸æˡ
š
ǻһᴦ
֪ˣұ
ĵǲģֻүûȤˣϰҪ̻ʺҲһˡ
ֻүɷӦңľޣ
ľ޼Ʋ˵Ҳ
Ǿͺãľû£Ҿͷˡ
ҲȥˣϹҽ͹˵ˣҪȥ
ƣľһӣߵſڱסҡͷ
ת˵ǺǸĸϲģľ޶£ƫƫǡ
뵽ϲϲ͵ġ
ȥɡҲԣתȥ顣
СǴȥסСǵ֡
СʣǺ˻ǻˣ
Դ˵Ǻˣ˵ͲˣĻҪʣҲҪ˵ȥ֪͹ˡ
֪ˡ
ĸŮȥ飬ƿţɫ԰ףЩĲԸ࿴һۡ
ˣҲ֪˭
Ų֪
ƴСߵǰ¸飬飬ǲ̫á
۾Ҳ
ǰѾ߰˷֣ʣ°ˡ
ƽ˵ģʱҲȲѡ
ƽˣҪ˭˻һ
ҩҽһ裬ˮȥÿΣ
Ҫͻû¡
죿
ҽһ𾪣Ʋ͡
˲ߡ
ۿ뿪һ۾ҽſڣʦȫˣʲôҩûˣ
ƻͷҽ͹ˣҪ£һûˡ
ʦҪң
հɡ
ãã
ҽ°ƷڣæŰƴӦ
ƴС뿪׼ȥһװӾӸһѽ
ƱͣˣŰƿȥ
߰ɣȥˡ
ƿСǣСһȥŵܵǣȳȥ
á
ƻȥһ׸ɾŮװ׼Żţһãô˵·ûôˣȥҡô
һܴ˵·ѵ֪װ㣬ܱܲ¶ǰС
鷳װû¡ԴϬԲá
ȻܴʲôװοҲûУ·Ҵˡ
С
һ°ƵתȥԺӣƲϣ˦һ֣֡
˵갲˵С֪жãһŮӻûˣʧȥңǶŮӵ棿
תƼΪҵŮӣԻ̫ΪҪѧϰ̫Ķׯţʤ̻˻ϣҲ˹㣬͸ûȥȥҰС١
ģȥʯͷĳĲɣ
һŭڣǰѻסȥ˸黻Ůװ
(δ)

ʮ 

.ʲô
ƵѴڻϣ
ƿһ£˵߰ɣȻػ˳Ǹ
鲻⣺ʲôǸ
Ȼմ飬ҵƽʱȷʵ嶯һЩһѻŻС壬Ҳԭġ
ҵĹˣֲͬҲ
£ðɣȥǸҲãþǵ˾ãһ۸ˡ

ǿЦãֱˬ
׼˼һȥ
ͬڳŸҸɾѰСˡ
ǻԸżҲңм
ƴŲ
˿龪㵲ѣ˹תˡ
ƿۻ飬ⶼʲô飿
ûû˳ӭӻǻɩǣ˶ڣѹðƴ
ǰĴȿڣǻĴɩ۰飬ѻ鿴ıԼĺӶҪ
ǻŮͺʹϵĴŮһ㡣
ס֣ģˣٲɩҪȥˡ
鱻ȥ˵ʲôһȺŮΧס飬鲻ͷˣȻŭ˼ңǰ޿䣬ɺͳ¡
ƶһŭˣǱæźˣٿˡ
컪Ůǿ飬ŵôҴ
ˣ֮˰ҲΪڻǧ谮һ
ؿڣС̣Ҫǰ
鲻ͷİһŮǣ̧ͷ˿Ѿָ࣬ɵĸۡ
רǸġָָƣĹڶĵӺݻ󣬿ĴһֱӺ˰ƣŻ·
С̰һ·Ūģ˰ɣǻûôء
ߵǰϸ꾪㵣ӣ·İɣ
Ҳ֪鳶˳ӡ
Ͽ᲻÷ſǺأ·ȥ·ģ˵һӣ˵н˿ߵģûм˴
ȥʱ򣬿˵ǸͶġ
û뵽Ҳѵǻʹ͵ģ
ƿϣϲûӡ
һΣһ
ƵЦ
˵߰ɡ
תȽţתŰǱ߿ȥ̱Χסˡ
μ
ϴŻŮݼƣܳĸо
ĵط˵ĸоܰźŵڲͬŵڽأǸˬ
񡣡
񣬴ϸƣ԰Ƶһȡ
ϷְƵѺͻͬģֻǻɫһˡ
׹Ҳ˵밲ƽš
;ҳСܳ裬żƢã밲ƶൣ
ǰѾˣɫѣŰ׵ķ٣һ
Ȼʮˣʵɡ

ߣֵ͡
ȻҪ֡
Ϸ£Ա㣡˵껪ˡ
һΣæ˵ؽ黳ƽﲻԴǡ
³Ҳֻ
밲£Ʊˣ漴һߡ
壬鶼ûС
£˵ʹˣżĪЦ
ҵҲˣôЦСʱ򿴵ģϰΪˡ
ˣҽ׼רΪҵһʱ嶯Ǹġ
Ѷᵽһ߷£Ͽһۡ
ͬţҲǵһΣʱ˵Ҳܵģطϣˣġ
ˣȥɡ
Ǵˣĺ
Ը񣬺ͻĪĹϵҲ뵽̫ԸӺζˡ
һᣬˡ
˵ô˻ӡ
鿴۴ϣתˣᡣ
ƻһᣬˣҲֻ
ͣ顣
ѣԸܹƧڸҲκദĸȥˣ㱻үˣԺҲ׽
ȻˣֻƱ
˵˲٣뿪ϰ˰֣˱㶼뿪ˡ
ֿʼˣȥǲҪȥҰС
鲻˵Ҳߡ
ŰƻصҲû˵Ҫ
Ƿģ첻óȥˡ
๤һ죬һˡ
ˣڽ幬˵տϵ۱ȥ̫
̫ߣڲô¡
ҽ˵ԵķҩˣԵ˷񲡣
(δ)

ʮ Ϊľ

үô£
Ʋ룬Ǹʲôط
Ҫ̹Ů־־ϵС̫࣬һСŮ
Ϲȥɱ˻ϡ
Ƶһأ
ҽҩ˯ţҽ鲻ʲô˵ײаˣҽԵķҩûʲô
үǡ
š
ѰƵ°סǶԵģǸ˲¹ͷĵط
ſڹĻүˣ
֪˭ȴΪǺѽɽɶϷθ˵
ǰԳô뿪ʹ塣
ǡǲ
үǺ⣿
ƳѰ뿪ƣȥҾ̫
̫ںȲ衣
ŹϯضͰҲڡ
ˣСˡ
˲裬ʾ̫̫Դкο
̫Ų봹Ҫò
һ̫ǳס
ЦǸǻǻ㲻ô֪ⲻǰ֮

뿪ˣһҹûôϢμľ乬Ĵš
հƻǽ˹
ǰȥ飬߻սһˣͻ˵ȥˡ
˵ҪŽ
룬и˸ҲǺ£Ӧˡ
һҲ˹ȥڹſĸ֣ү˵ղϳ
¶˲鵽ˡɫأƵĸо㲻á
˭
ľޡ
˵ţһӺɿƺ͹峯Ǳ߿ȥͣ£˷˴Ϊż³Ť˽ţϣ
æǰŹ˷ˡ
˷̲סݣˣȾľްɡ
˷˵žҪ¡
æŰѹ˷˷˷˿޵ľĵۡ
ľ޲Ầ˵ġ
֪˿ƷŹ˷˷˿޵ֱҡͷ
ƿ壺ү
忴ԶҲˡ
ߵ˷ǰɩأ
˵ȥˣһֱţҲ֪ôˣб˵ˡ
˷˼ޡ
壺ȥҴȥҴ硣
תȥ˹ƷŹ˷ϳȥ˸
˳˷һֱޣڻߣ˿Ź˷˳
˹˸ת˳ƿȥܾûƢ꣬ߡ
Ƽæȥˣڴϵ۾бĶſڡ
վһżֱᡣ
ó룬һ˵һʩ롣
˷˿޵ֱ˹ȥȻ˱ŵһߡ
ȰƸ˰룬ҽܸҽҲˡ
ưˣзˣʵҲѪ˨û취ֻ
˷Ҳ˰ƸҩƲתŻ
һŸ
ƺͻȵʲôȥ飺ٽᣬ²ǰǰףٵѣҲܿܣٽȥҲҪҹȥ
ҰС飬Ȼǡ
ٷϻҲµˣ·
˵굹ȥ˹ſڣһ˦Ŀſڡ
Ÿ˹ȥ
ֱ﹬˹ſڹȻСǱߡ
һС
æʣٵô
ˣ
ô˵
ˣ
Сӵ˵˷֣תŰߵʱ߰ơ
˵͹
Сæ˵ﻰȥɡ
ƿۺûпĻ飺ٽҪȥˡ
ˣ㻹ϻ˵껪һ˹ȥ
ǰȥͨˡ
ƿ첽ţ˳ͻһаݼ̫
μ̫󡣡
ݼĸ󡣡
Ҳˣ겻ˣôأ̫ŵϹŵľ޳
ǰƿӹ£̫밲
̫ЦЦúӣɡ
л
ƻͷ
̫۰ƣʲôˣ
˵˵̫ġ
̫󿴻飬Цĺºͣô
ǡȻ
̫ɫ˳Ϊʲô
̧ͷΪٵ
ʱվŹ壬̫󣬵ϹľޣϵһߣʺƳһӡ
ӺƳƵ۾ۡ
ôĵӣˣʮ
ţ

ͻ׷׿ڣ̫һľݺȻѾˣ㵨Ϊ飬ȻҪ㡣
»ǲҪˣ
̫󡭡
׼˵ʲô⺣̫
̧̫ͷɡ
(δ)

ʮ ľ³

̫ӵ˸ӣμ㣡
̫˰֣ɡ
̫˵㣬⼸Ӳ⺢ӻᰴ˵ˣҰȥ
ȥɡ̫׼ˡ
̫ߵߣס֣鲻Ը⣬ת飬ӲǸˡ
ĵŹϣƹ£ĸٵӹֱ¡
Ӻһ»Ҫӳ飬ɷ񽻸飬鲻Ըĸá
ľ޿ƣҹ޹أҿͲ˳ۣʲô˲۸ǲǣ
ƿȥ㲻Ҫ˵
ŲҪ˵ߣľ˫Ŀݾʹ
Ӧ˰ҪչľޣһżҵģȴӣôͰؽ
Ҳߵġתȥĸ󣬶Ҫ飡
ãȴٵٵÿʮ̫
̧ͷ˭ң
ˣһ򣡡
̫ŭǰ
ϵ˵ĸ˰ɣ
ѲɻҲһ𰤴ô̫ϵ̵˵ͷ㲻˵ˡ
ʺźӵͷҲ
ľޱ˰סȴȥľްţ̫һ򣡡
ȥţ˶߿ˣŵ̵˹ڵֱ¡
վҲֱᡣ
ľޣ˵㣡Ƶʱġ
ľ޺ǺǷЦҾǿӣߣ
ľ˵ʱŵ棬Ʊ˵ʲôľסƵһѰſҧסƵ֣Ƕӣľҧȥ
һԣ˲¡
̫ŭ˸Ұľ죡
ľޱƱһߣȥľ죬屻ʮڸΧס
˴ʱľޱڵϣӵ˰ס˴ʮ壬Ȱ˹ȥ˾һʮ¡
̫ٵ²λ乬̽ӣɢ˰ɣ
̫תȥ˱򵹣ľ޵ֱҲˣƴӵľ޽ӹǡ
ľ۵ֻҧҲ忴Ƴʺౣأ
Ƴźˡ
ϵ˵ľޱԴ£Ҳһʱ嶯
˵¡Ц¡
ϵ֣ת뿪
溰ͻϡ
ϵˣƽ˶ȥľޣҧһڡ
ľ޲ϣԼҧһڣѪľ޺ȣ
ľֻǿŰƣԸ˵
ľ޺Ѫ§ľޣү
͵乬
ľޱ͵乬
ƱŽȥȴ˷
һذɡ
һˣվ治ߡ
˵ūҲǷ
վһߣȥ£
תߣƲ뿪ڰƵǰš
ľޣһ䡣
ľ乬
ȥʼͷ
ҹǱнŲȥǹͻ
үƿޡ
ŲվҲûãƸ֮ʣôнգ
Ʋ˲᣺ľһ棬Ҳ֪ûгԵġ
ģ׸ףҪôܻţҪǲţô
ߵƵߣƣת뿪
Ʊſڣ
תƿ飺ȥ̫
ĸ£ҲҪҹܡߣһѻ飺ĸֻ̫ӡ
ĸҪ£͹ˡ֡
ȥƳŻߣȥ˽ȥ˯ţԲ¡
һǰҲĥϵʣ޼
Űżʧȥ侲ʣֻֿ죬û취ô
岻˵
Ƶ˻ּ˰Ʊ˵̫ѾϢˡ
˵м£ָͨһ
ˡūûа취
ͨˣҽȥͳɡߵκֵǰһѰƵͽȥˡ
κֿں棬˸Ӱѹ˽ȥ
̫ڹϳû˯Źˣ˯ˡ
һֱҪΪгһϡ
̫ͨƽ
ʹȻˣ̫ˣ
ĸҲ㰡
⴫ŲּæѾ˽
Űƾ£ѵôĳĹݡ
(δ)

ʮ ˭Ĵ

̫Ȱƹ£һѾȷˣ̷ס˰ơ
㲻ع򣬴±㣬֪Ƿġ
ﲻˣǱ飬Ǵ²ذʱ˾͹ȥˡ
ľʱȥֻܳԵ࣡
ʣ乬ûˣֻľһˣִ֣벻¡
ֶ̫Ů乬
̫ߵǰѾкܶûôһˣһҲҲɰ顣
ϣ˺ܶ࣬ȴ١
ƴľޣͣ
ҲǸɵӡ
̫󶼲׷飬׷ô
Ʋ̫Цȥú˯һ㱣֤ľ޲Ҳ¡
һ仰СҴı̵²лЦ
ƿŻ̫û˵
̫۹壺ˣȥɡ
̫Ϣ
ߵƵߣ뿪
תˡ
̫̾ϢѾͷҪҪˣ
ƱͿʼڻס۾
鿴ˣ֪Ϊʲôڰ۾סһ̣ܾ
˯ţš
˸Ű³ûȥ棬վڹ˸ȡ
үȥҵү
忴۰ߵһ㰲ƣ⿪ϣתȥ˹˸
վһҲûȥƴ۾ܾ۾˺ܶණ
黹ǵһζһŮģ֡
վһᣬһؿְۣѻǵ˳ȥ
תƷԸ߻ȥµү

°ɣ˹ȥҪȹ壬ҲŻ鲻˺ƣϾҲǶˡ
һ·ˣ
ߵǰûȥſˡ
Ǹľͷˣ﷢
ҹҲûˣôţһʱҲûһ¡
ͨˣƲȥ
ŰƻȥƶԽԺסӡ
ûߣš
ֱŻȥ
ţûȥǳңǳ·ûѡ
ţʼ½ƿһ㣬ˮ
߽ǰѰﱧš
Ʊ۾̫ˣ
ţ
岢˵ʲôֻǸϵ·
ǳϴ裬Ʋϴɾϸɾ˯¡
/һ߿ţѰƱڻ˱򿪣ǰƴ顣
ܲϲδ룡Ľѡ°Ƹʫ
סѩͷɡ
һʫĶ꣬£˵ƻȥһ
Ʊ۾˯ɣ
忴죬ˣ
Ƽ춼ûţţѾǴˡ
ůľǣɷ
ûľ޵顣
ҽ˵̱ˣ˷ϴ档
ճŰƿ̫̫Щˣ
Щˣƻˣ̫ͷ˹ȥ
תʾ̫̫ˣ
Ϸ⼸ûϳ˵Ƿģ˳Ǻòˣ
̫ȥ˾Ӹ󣬰Ʊš
վǰƵһҪƿشǹ뷨
վţվ˰ʱ
ĳ£æȥ߹壬ƽճŵ顣
˵Ҳ֣ͽүڣˡ
ʱ򣬰Ѿȥˡ
ߵſڹţơ
תһſڣȻɡ
ƿŽȥһ·ˣѾһ˵ǰƵģҲǰСġ
ƽվһ߰æ
һ᣺ôŴˣӺˣ
ƿƽƽ˵ͷתȥ档
ߵǰûˣллү⼸տҡ
ˣڲ𣬲
ţҪȥˣûȥ
Ȼۣ㲻˵ʲô
뿪ţիƱӰЩϤ˳ȥ
ŰƸȥ˸ſ³ֱӽȥˡ
˵Ĳȸ룬ģɨ跢ִ˵ıѵѪܣڱϿһѪڣһЩѪ
ûʹӹ˸ˡ
һֱڴ˸ϣ棬Ʊ֪
ݹǾԶԡ
Բ˭ˣ
Ƴϳ˳ſʣ⼸ˣ
ͷ֪ʣ
ǾͷһŮӣ±Ĵ˵ſһ۰ƣȴӲᣡ
(δ)

ʮ ͽ

תսȥƿ˳Ϊתƹȥֲץؿڣջȥ󣬰ŵȥƣ˰ߣŵؿ
鿴۰ǱߣϸţߵǰڰƵˡ
һżү
ظȹ˵ʲôһڡ
һ£ֹȥסƵ֣ˡ
ҪǲװͲᱻˡ
ŰƵֲ飬ȥ
ȥƵûᣬɲˡ
ٽÿ֡
·ûһ۾Ѿˡ
黹ֹȥ˺ƤѰ˹ȥŭĿԡ
ת㲻ǿˡ
ȻѰ§ڻһֱעŹ壬Ŀ䡣
صҪȥȥ
巴³ˡ
˽ȥʣȥ˭
Ļòˡ
ˡ
ΪʲôҪŮװ㲻˵ܴװô
ûаǣûǡ
˵ŻţƵںš
صԺȥ·ߵ棬ڰƵȣվԺ︺ֶ
ƻ·˹ȥ⼸˯ãҿ
һ°ƣƸߵԺĵǰ»ַŵʯͷϣŰơ
ְ̧ס󣬴ɨ衣
עŰƵ۾һֱ
վһ߾͸Ӭһ㡣
ŮĶŹȥײ
ûʲô¡ȥӸ׼ȥ󱦱Ҳ˹ȥ
˵ٽӸСľС岢ϲٽٽǲҪȥˡ
͸ûһŰȥ˾Ӹ
ƽӡ
ţ⼸ˡ
Ӻ˾ͺã⼸һֱ˯ãȥɡ
š
ߵ󱦱ǰƿ˽ȥ
ż󱦱棬СϻͶβڡ
һѻȷɵϣ¸½󱦱СǺͰľŰƿȥ
Сߵǰ
Сǵˡ
СǵСǵȥ󱦱
ıףĶ棬ˡ
ûסֹȥ˲ֿˣ
㣬ȴ̶ۡ
ݺᣬ˲վ
Ҫؼˡ
˵߾ߣܿͲӰˡ
ż棬ﱧССѣСˣƱԼųˣС塣
ʱƱСȥ顣
ˣҪһһ鴦
ҪԼأû֮ǰٽ
ʼոŰƣǴСǱС塣
Ѿûˣ⼸춼ڿһ⣬Ҫʲô
ƿţ߽ȥһۡ
һ£ſҪûˣں棬˻ȥ
£ͳʡ
ʵƽ˵书޵Уģ
Ȼɣ
µһССΪͽԱǷµһ
˵ųŷϹΣһľûӦӦʣ㵽Ҫʲô
˵߸ӣ׼ѰλµһˣҪǼ˷ֱҶѧҶǳ˺ýһˣ֪˭µһ
ʲôʱ˵ҪͽˣƲϰƣ⼸ռŰҲǲԲ˯š
رÿҹȥܿԺǼŵƣ棬ҹĲ˯ҹҹĲϨƣΪİ㣿
мηȥ˸ˣôĸ㲻ȥˡ
տݵķ紵ܣЩƲ壬ʲôүŮ˶
ҼССǣǱˣЩȻҵõµһ֡
ȻȻ֪ҵĶǵʦµһ
ЩΪµһȴûҶʦģȻġ
µһ£˭Ĺڳԣʮ⡣
վͲǣڿƣ˭²ס
ҲãССǣѾͷȷʵϲǰǲͬ⣬ôͬˣǰСΪͽƲӦ
(δ)

ʮ Ƶʦ

ǰǰʱǴʱСŮӣѧЩҲǺõģСϲСǣǽܲ÷ֿ͵˷ˡ
ˣ鱻ģ졣
˵СǣʦͷǵãһΪʦΪʦҪǶԸһ
Ҫ˺㱣ڮҪ֤ס
ȻͽܣҲ۸㣬ǻЦ
СǸʦͷСæŸͷ
ڣ񱻿һ㡣
˵հʦ֤ݣñ˾÷ûʲô
Ŀ࣬ͿǮˣ
ͷۣĴæʲôû
㲻ˣŲߡ
Σһ˫컷
˫컷ҲжǷһһֿܷ
ƽӹС͵ܵţܴ˸ǡ
ǡ
üͿ
ưСŵĻ˵ȻʦͽСʱٹ
˵갲ƿСǣСǣҲ°ɣúչʦ
ǡ
С£תˡ
忴۱Ƶķ飬סƵ֣һ뿪
鿴۵ùķ飬˻˻֪
˼ҰʦʲôûԼ˫컷˳ȥҪūſӡ
תȥŹϷͷС壬С۾۷˯ˡ
ûãſжűƿ̧ͷȥſСϻšŷֵ˽
ѻСɵѻ󣬺ǶβһȺˡ
н񱣬ᶯëСϻȥ
Сϻȥ棬һ׻ƤŪŵģСϻȽűȥſţ׻ƤΪС
ˣǡ
ʦȲ裡
Сǻ£ˮ͵ǰ鿴ǰɿˣһСǣϲ
ǳȥ
Ȳ裬С˵һҽǳȥ棬֪Ǳߣ᲻ˡ
뵽ƲǺ㲻ٶ˵
ڴڣүô˫컷ǣ˫컷ͳ
죡鱾֪֪ˡ
Сۿ۷飬Ÿ
ôôòڡ
˯ɡ
С壬С˯ˡ
Сǵ˱ȥҲȲ衣
˿۷飬߲Ȳ衣
˺˲СǰѲߣصǰСǿʼ̴
һ̴СһʣʦϢô
üСѾͷܻ¡

˵꣬ʹǷˣСҲ̺˱ӣ鳯һߵȥСȱС塣
СŵСϻǰСϻſﻤȥ£顣
ɺãСǸϱӡ
ʦûϢˣÿ춼ϳȥúϢ
ڴѾ˯СӸ˸Ǻã¡
Сǰú˷ˣӻƽƵıŵС£СǰС屧ȻϣСֱסС壬ȻеأǱСһȦ
ûȥСŵߣСϢСóҪҩ飬ʼҩơ
ƻȥԺǱߣ˹ȥƺ͹ţƿŸ˽ȥžͿԣƻͷ˵̫ҿ
Цֱֱ˳ȥ˴ͺܵ͵һĻû˵ȴκʱҪݾ
Σ鲻ϰ֣һŰѻ˳ȥ
ˤ˿ûг֣ի
˼˱򿪣滮
Ϳ˱һʲô
ʲôʡ
ʣүЩӣ鱦Ūȥˣ
̧ͷˡ
ˣ

޶ӣûлӦ
үҪ
廹ûش
úвүү᲻
ɫࣺô࣬Ƿô
ү˵ǲɡ
ҪЩӣƣκͻϽ
˭ľ޽ˣ

˳ĬƷ˱дһ壬忴ۣ룡
Ҿ˽档
˲סƣҪһ¶٣
أүͷӦұǡ
ü棡
棡
ˣ
ƿ۹壬Ц绨ߵǰ̧үǲΪҲ֪Щʲôط
üôˣ
ȻˣҸү¶ˣУүǲЩ
㡭
ҧס촽һ£үҲԣ˭˺ľҶŹ
ľޣҪڲ
ҡͷƣֻ뻤Żʺû뺦˭Ǳ˰ŮǿӸƲҲҪô
ӿ˺ôۣľ޹ģ޹ģƳ
үһΣҪٸ˺ľǣҾǹƼ
̫岻Ƶҩ
(δ)

ʮ Ľ

˯ŰƱˣԺŰƣ鰲˹ȥȻ˵εˡ
ƿϵСѻ˵߰ɡ
Сѻ̳ųȥ
ҹǡ
ƽиŰƵ˶ȽƳ˳ȥʮﴦļ
ʱƱ㵽˼档
ƴϺɫĶ񣬴͵ӣóӸسǵ˿
źȥĵ²ֿ⣬Ȼ濴˴Ľ鱦
Ѿǵڶˡ
Щ˻ͷͺԺ
Ժﲻ֪ΪʲôûˣһŰߣҲڵţȥŻҲڵš
Ժһ鶼ûҵˣصӸҲûС
忴ƽȥˣ
˵ȥᶫû˵
ϵѾ²ֿȥѾˡ
˰һ죬Ҳûҵ
ӿʼҪһ٣£ļ١
ѱ˷ԲûƵӰӡ
ʵҲ⣬Ľݡ
ưѶ/غñ׼ȥˣûԶͿ˴ӶĵطƱ㿪˭֪ƥܹȥʱͣˣϵ˾ȻͷϵĶ
ǺˣһǾ㵣
ΪϴˣϾķ½
ĽݵһЦ׻
ʦˣĽݺЦ
ƿЦ
Ľһ£´磬ƮźɴصĴ硣
֪ⲻǴĴŴ硣
ǹҲ
ʣң˾˵ŮΪ𣬵Ľݲڷ١
ʲôƾ⻰ܹŹֲ֣òʡ
ĽЦ󣬶ʮĽ֮ǸˣʵЩҡ
գĽݣӣܿͻǻΪۡ
Ƶˣӣ
û
Ʋ֪˵ʲôĿ¡
ôװɣ
ûʲôײף˵Ҫһϸ£ںһ
ѾˣѾһȺˡ


Ҳ˵ĽڰƵߣǰʵСϪΧˣƥڵϳԲݡ
ƣݷ
Ľ£˫Ժ󣺡ƣлһˡ
ƿߵĽݣĽִʱӢ۾Ľݺһ
ٻѻҵƵλãˣƥΧˣһڵϣһߡ
ĽݲԣĽЦһ¡
վҪȥҲվ
ȹ忴ĽݵĽѾΧס
ףĽݼϵ˿ʲôˣġ
忴һѽ˳
ѻҪֹ
ѻȥҰƣĽݴһߴһʣ˭ˣ
Ľݲش𣬰עĽݣ˶ȣĽݾȻĹ
ʣǼ
Ľݹ˶ڣ˼죬ˮδ͸֧
ۿڽڰˣҪѻȥæ
ѻѻȥæĽݲ
Ľݿ˺󵽰ƵߣһסƵֱۣһӰѰӵϣĽӺ汧סƵסһɱƻͷ壬Ѿ׷ˡ
תĽݵɽ֣Ʊɽ
Ľݵɽ̧ʾͣ£ĽݷȥҪȥĽݰָ˰ơ
ûԼȥ
ôˣΪʲôṦкܶĺ档
ĽǰߣƸȥ
ʮǰˣʱһ꣬ʱˡ

ͣ£Ľ˫ֿƣЦŨʮ˵Ҳƽ
ĻʹЩѣҲǴżͲ֪ٴˡ
ʮҲȶĵλҵ
ҵĹҵ£һֱ㡣
ҹ¾Ҫǻҳγ̽Ļ㣬Ļҵû뵽ôҵˡ
ô˵ҵ˿ķҲܻȥ
ȥô
Ҳ֪
뵽ϵ۾طû/Ȩкӣй壬еôˡ
ߵô
(δ)

ʮ 

תȥ˶˵֮飬˭Ҳ
ĽһЦˣ˰ɣǿҵˡ
˭ˡݺݵĿһ۰ƣĽߡ
ĸΣ͵Ƶģ֪ûУ
˭֪Ųһ½鱦͸ˣҪ֪Ͳѡ񡭡
뵽Ʒ˺ܶࡣ
Щ粻ܸϵ۰ᣬҪľޣҲϵˡ
Ϊʼԭ£ȴ
뵽ʶϵ۵ĶӣѾκϣˡ
ǵû취ҲԴС
Գȥ̫ˣתطﻹʲô¡
۾֪Ȼ㣡
ĽݺЦң㲻һֱҽˣ
ĺãûطɱ㡣
壬ӣɱңͻῪսΪǹôһȺں֮ڡ
ķ½õǹξǴ
ĹУǿĹңֻҪӾϣǴ
ҲҪɱ
߹ĽҲʾ¹˭ֻ֪
˴һ𣬻ƻµ⽣Ӱζţ鸴ӡ
ԭķ½ô
˴ܵʱ򣬰׼ûܣĽµЩס
վó룬ɱЩˡ
˺Ľ°£Щ˶֣Ѿǳ⡣
ƿۻڴ򶷵ˣҲûȹˡ
ıĽҵ뿪ĺܿ졣
Ḷ̌ǵķ֣
ļ£ֲܣգ˽㣬㻹ζ¡ӿ춯ĽݾЩмܲס
Խ׺ݣĽһһؿڱһ
ĽߣĽһѪ̧ͷĽݿŹ壬ĶͷĶǺ顣
ɱģὣǰһĽݱӵϣסɱ·
ŮӱסĽݣͷһ۱סĹ壬תĽˡ
ȹ˶ɱ꣬ĽѾԶˡ
תȥ׷ơ
ƽϵҪ뿪ǺûжԶһ᫵ɽ·ߣивãڵҪȥ뿪Ȼǲܡ
᫵ɽ·㲻ˤҲòˡ
֮£ֻð˼ߡ
᫵ɽ·ȥһƬݵأݵǰһƬˮݡ
ˮݰƴֵ׹ȥƻˡ
ʶ;˵Խǵʹʱ򣬾Խԡ
һЩƷ͸ˡ
ߵʱûôȫ棬Ľݵˣȥˣʵֱƥ˻
ƴӵ׼ˡ
ȻԸߣԼߡ
ĽݵԣȻ֪ƣƲ߾ͱסȥ·
Ƴһƿһתƿֺ
˫ֱ󣬶ܰɣѲĽתģ
ƱǿЦĻĽݵȴҡԴ˵Ųǡ
ƺЦ㻹
ɲǣҪǲôסơ
ŭҪˣ˷ת
ӵѽ˳ŽĽݵ˹ȥ
ƵǵĿһĽݵôõɱ˺ܿϧ
ӿܣ
˵Ľݵܣȥס粽С
ŭɶÿ
תѾԶˮܵݵϣתŰ˻ɿ忴Ц£ô·Сģ
תܵĲӰˡ
һ°ƣߡ
ƺ˲ˤһҪˤæŰסˡ
ͷŰ˫۾ˣ
ƿ壬Ҫ뿪
ĿæŰѰס׼뿪
£
ƣûƿŷˡ
Ʊȥϣ˵ز˾ʲôȥ˵
Ʊ§ڻ
ˣһľ˳ѱĽˣ
ƲᣬưͲӦҲûκ
ʣŪȥˣ
ƻǲ˵
Ľôģ£ʲôԲҪ鱦ҲԲҪ
̧ͷ壺˵ô
˵ôǰȥ
Ҳ˵һ嶯ûʲô˵ģҲ˵
Ʋ˵ʣʲ
ǰƣڵˣϾ˯ˡ
(δ)

ٰʮ 

ǰ˲˵գߵƽһЩѰƵͷһȥ
·ϹԸˣϵȥ֪ͨ˰йӵ͹
˯ѾصѰƱ˻ȥ
صԺѾҹԺѾ˺ܾãƴֱŽȥ
սŹ㱧Űת۵׵ĲѾԶ
ٽڸͱϾӦ飬ٽִҪԤҷ֮飬Ҳֻȥϣٽȥˡ
ɫȻŲͣſڣһԳİƣʵô
ɫĽݵѾ߳ŭּһ顣
õĺܣٽأͿͣ
תƱǳǱߣһȥԡ
ƱŵǳԼ㿪ʼ½
ˮ濿ʯͷĵط¡
һʼ½
ˮ﹬ԶȥҰơ
Ĳˣܵиףһԣúýѵѵƣ·һѣ͹ˣ
ٲȻǼкޣٲ
۾ү˵ЦӲү˵Ҫҵô
˵ˣûߣȫˣڱ߹صľӣİգûָˣ
ز֣˿ȴڶ࣬Ҫûӣӹʵʵ
ò׼һ⣬ָΪһЩѣñ
ƲãҾǲүι֮ţȴҪһЩʵʵ顣
ү˵Щӵ͸˴İΣ˰ӻΣ
ֻãĻʴȣӣǮá
Լþܷͼǿ
үĹ֮˺Ϊհ±״
ǲ̣ô˲ƣеĹԱٻãĹûжԸ̡
һѳôӣżȻ
һУΪĹҪ̰ӣ±㲻
ʵڰǵУǰͿˡ
үף˰һԽĲ˼ȡˡ
Ӳȥ飬ڼٵأ̵ʱҲ룬Щ´̣ѶӲ
ЩǴڵĸ⡣
ϲǻȴӹ
ʲôܣǲΪ
ǿ׬Ǯİգӯ⡣
ֻΪһŮȥơ
ĸֲ£һʺ
Ļϣã
ҵ׬Ӹǡ
ҪǸˣɲ㡣ŰƵ°ࡣ
ƱүûһôŬóĽ鱦Ҳٹ£ÿóһӣ
ֻʵѣȻϵ£㶦ʱ򣬴ǿҴѾף˰գȽɽ
ȻҺܶĲףδǧٿ׵ĵز
Ȼ̣Ҳ˵˰㡣
ĹκһҶûҴ紾ӡ
ȻղѶȥ̣߹жҲ֮ࡣ
Ҵ֮ûмȥ׬ӣҲΪжǶڼУʮоŻֻ档
˰գҲ
أչ̵֯񸾷֯򣬱
вͨ
ķ½ϣСҲ࣬ĴСҲǸԣ
ǵط֣ǵ뺷ƣֲ裬˿񣬿ʲôûС
ѵҪȥô
˭븻ԣҲͱһϲסڴ棬ϺõĲҶ
Ʋȹ˼ҵĲǴĲ϶ٱ˼ҵ˿Ǵٱ
ʲô취
ҲĬˣ˽״
Ľô˵ǹǿ˶ٵĻĲ졣
ϸһ룬ǹط֣ʳ񣬰Ǹ㣬طСѳܶ鱦ɼǹ฻С
ȷʵʲôûС
ҪǹİǹĻҪ˼꣬ͻᱻϳ
ʱ򣬴ͳˡ
עˮҵĶǶǴˡ
ûףĶǣȻǴˡ
üŹ壺ҪǲУҲΪЦ
ĮȻ˵ĺܶԡ
׼뿪ãæ§סƣƵʯͷϡ
ûûϣ˲ɣ
һãߣ
ʲôһ⡣
үǰҪˣãˣ
ɲң뵽Щ»
ƱԸ⣬Ͳס
(δ)

ٰʮһ ıǡ

ϢһЩǮҲǲóˡ
һ֮ҲҪˣ˵Ŷ
ᣬȥ󱦱ˡ
ıף֪鱻ҩ顣
һҰˣ״
ƻﱧС壬߸Сǡ
ֵĴ飺Ҫ״С壬Сǣ
ǡһ£ɫ䲻ãƲ̾˳ҲˣȻһ£ŪúƵġ
СǺСͽܣ˭ҩܽѵǲԹԵġ
ϾǺӣǻеģӹ̣ܽպ󲻻ʦصǻ˵ã
ɫ޻ǲܴˣ
Цݿ䣺С岢ֻһʦǺСദҲǢģû£ҪǲţȥСˡ
ȥʣȻ޻˵ǽˣǱԻᴦ
С屧ߣתСǣСǣɡ
С̧ͷһ۰ƣȥҷ顣
ƽ˵ӣô
ģʦʦǲẦͽܵģοʲô
Ŀϻۣô˵ͳ鴤
תȥҰۣѾӡ
Σֻת
ŷСҪСǡ
ʦһͷ㡣
СǾû˵Щʲôתȥ档
⾫£һֻȸͷĵĵ˿㣬ϸΪġ
紵ĵҡڡ
СǺϲ磬˵żҪסźӡ
鵱ʱСǵĿʮ
һƨСѾͷź
Сǵģ鱾ܾĻ߱ӦʵĻ
ӦֲŪõģʲôǾ׵ġ
ǰȱǮǮòꡣ
˵ıмȥһ˭֪ӲãϲĿȸϷĵˡ
۵ķɱˡ
Сһ磬ίʵϲ
˰һЩöȶ˵˷棬ԼС
ʱɫƣ뿪ڰ˸ߣκʦʦôΪͽϲͰ˸ߡ
ǱСǵ⡣
С氲Ҫ׼ˣ·ӱ㲻
ڻרŵĻ¼䡣
Сǽȥһͷ顣
һֱŻС壬һͷϸĿĴʮ־֣Լģ
ǹùýҵģҿĺ͸ʦһɳĺܣʦš
鿴СѾͷôТͷš
ȷʵ㣬֬ζ
ʲô鲻⡣
Сǽͣ˵ƬҩҲ˯ߣҲ巼㣬˵Ҫʱ˯С
С˵һѣ˵ķˡ
ͷţСҲţСϲͷռһ롣
鳯С忴ȥҪ뿪Щ
С㳯˸ռһͷС屧С۾˯ˡ
һѿ
ССӸСϣһʱ鷳꣬˭ͷ
С±˵飬齲¡
ͷС˵ʲôδס˯ˡ
СıӸϣ顣
˿ſڣ˯ˡ
СӸˣϡ
˿СǣҲÿϢ
ƽºƽ˵һЩ飬ƽǱˣ㲻ǱͨһЩ£ƽ׬Ǯб£ѷˡ
ӣʽƽѣƿ򰲽ʱ󱦱˵书ѧ顣
ҲǱŪĿЦá
ԴС˷ʦÿĸ󱦱˵̣ڴ书ѧ顣
˵ôСĺӸ˵ʱЩ󱦱ˣһȫעȥȥʱȻ£󱦱ҲűȻ
ᰲ̧ͷŮ˵Ҫʲôݣֻ֪
紾ӣζƶ񤡣
ֻЩƴֵˣҰǿᡣ
㣬˿ڶ࣬ⶼ⡣
ؼ治ׯڣûʳ
Ϸ֯Ҳ
ƵͷϴսôԴָƣ
ˣҲǸͨˣ󽫾ǰҲͰһΪ˼ּۻ۵ġ
ȻҾƶҲˡ
ʱҲ͵һȥӡ
лϵĿԣаǵΡ
Ůӣʲô취
㵱ǲ
ƺЦıǡ
ǡǡ֪֪ƶԻϳɼǲдֻɸΪ֮
Ҫǲ񣬴Ͱסˡ
ƿŰõͷ
(δ)

ٰʮ ͬһ

Ʋ˵Ůɲô˵û
ǴӦˣ˭֪Щʲô
˵㲻ҲãҲãڵǺûˡ
ŮҲû˵áɷܡ
һͬˡ
󰲽Ҫ˽ȥʶǱκ˶˽ġ
֣Ϊʲôүôܶô˽⣿ô˽⣿
Ʋ⣬컹ʹƺ̫ࡣ
ԥŮһ˽ñ͹ˣʱ˵Ҫˣ

һ׹һǿĺѡˣһУʲôطȻҪʲôط
ͺڰɱ飬ǿַԱҲ׶ˡ
֪ˡ
׼š
յſھͱ麰סһɫĹѣתŻ顣
Ѿװ˸βͷзһɫӡ
һɫĽϴ硣
ƿЩӢ̣Ͼƭǰ
ߵƵǰҪţ
Ʒ֣Ѿˣƺˡ
һɲԤȻ
ƵȻٽ£
⼸ô鲻ʣƺЦ
ûʲô¡
ϰ߲ãСҲˣһԲϾˣͰСͬСû׷ϣ׷ˡ
߽۵׵Ĺⶼ}ûš
ƺЦ˾ܣҲƲԼ
ƤЦⲻЦҵǾãȻˣ͸ǰС˾ͱǳ¶
ٽ񣿡ȥѡ
ɫһûʲô£Ҫ죬һ°ɡ
ˣǱְķ飬ͷٽġ
ƱĶͷˣɫôȥͰʱ䶼ûˡ
ˣڸүүҺٽȥˡ
תˣҵȥҹ塣
ʱڹлû˵Ľݵ顣
ϵ۸ֶڸ̨ȥ
Ǵʲôϵ۷ѽ⡣
֪ܲƸֱŤӼˣ;ˣɱĽݣû뵽ŮӸˡ
Ůӣ
졣
ϵ۲ԼͬŶǱ߿ȥϵۣϣȥǹʱһЩˣͼɱˣϻǵã
ϵ۵ͷǵã㻹ˡ
uͲڷʱиŮӣЩ飬ֺһӣѹu;ˡ˵
忴ŶŮӷòֻü䣬е˿ˣ
ǡ
͹岻ıϣ˻һᣬԼͬϵۡ
˳Ƭ̣ϵۿ壺uͺҲйᡣ
Ѿȥ̽ˣϢ̴
ϵ۵ͷҲֻˣĶҴս޾ûʲô취ˡ
ϵ۰˰֣ʾ⹬Ͷ¡
˲һ뿪
յĽַǷոմʤ̣ŵƽʵķΧûȥǱƽʱйˡ
ƾͿ˳ӿ濰ȵƻʱ
ƻЩ⣬һ߳ŶķߣһֻΪ˸ʤ̣˾ôࡣ
˵ô
ʲôƻЩ⡣
ͣʤ̾ҪˣǴµģЩ˴ӼˣҼһԲˣøˣ
ƶڴµ²֪飬Ҳû˵
˴һȥʣСô
ΣȻĲ
Сòñô֪ʶҲ֪ںδѾϵ׼ˡ
˵ҲˣȢұȻԭҪǸ˵Ҳô򣬴¾͵ǹȥˣҲͻ˵Ϊ
ٽԼǡ
ɷתһ档ͣʡ
ȴ˵ҲæɱĪ治֪СٽһŰСĻʾҵ˾ҵˣҲٽҲ̫黳ˡ
лŮޣҪԵ֣ԵзݲС
Եⶫ˵ģѵԵô
ٽʲô˼ģЩ⡣
Цû˲֪޸ʱô򣬶ڰyinòӦ˻£֮˭֪Ǿ
ΪԵ֣Ҳԡ
ῴۻ飬֮Цһ£תˡ
վһ£漴˹ȥ
˶˵żصŰСԽͬһˡ
(δ)

ٰʮ 

Ҳо˻Ŀ⣬ᣬ»͹ȥˡ
ţӭһֱײĴ˹Ʊû⣬ȻֱӳŰײ˹һʱ䰲ԭء
Ǹͷȫ֪㡣
߻һ°ƣסԭתһȦƿŻ飬˽һ𣬻üͷΪͶ㿪ˣû뵽ʧأֱ˱˹Űƶ㿪ˤڵϹ˳ȥʽס̧Ҫƺͻ顣
ڵϣſϣ鱧Űƣ˫ĶŰƣҾ֪
йȥỪ飬Ҫƿ飬Իһ
鲻뿪ıŰƣҪһ
Ƶɴ۾㡣
Ϊˣֶɿˡ
һŭȣ
̧ͷ˻ţѵһڵϣˡ
һȭͷˣƥڵϾˡ
ϵĳʽҲˤùͷѣ϶ˡ
Χŵòᡣ
ƺͻѾϵһߡ
ɱŰƲתӣ˹ȥСһѻֱ˳ȥ
鲻أӿת䵽˵ϡ
Ʊδؿڡ
ɸֵĵһ۰ƣѰǰϸļһߣ·ˣɫʱѿ
ת忴ˤҵĳʽŰ߹ȥ
ôһһ߿ƣ֪ǵˣҪҲüͷšһ
ֻۣŵòᣬȥΪ˰壬ס֣һ岻׼漴ס
Ʊ߱߿үҲƽϣ
ҪƽϵĶȥˣȱȥٸˡŰŭ壬ȴޱȡ
֪ǵҲƽϡ
ߵʽĸǰһ߿ļӣԭѾѣһţӶըˣɼжŭ
ʽŵһ£ʵ˭
ʽ߶µģ޵С̫ˣղ֪ô£ʱúõģ˽Ͼͷ˷裬˭֪ײ
ɫ֪
С̫ϵˣҲŵòУȶˣһѹľ档
ȥ˵ĺء
үȶˣ˵ѣȰŪҲûˡߵһߣ׼ˡ
ȫȻᣬˣһһߡ
Σֻ鷳ȥ̫֪ͨһ̫ϵˣҪ̧źҽΡ
ͷԸȥ
ƵǰȥѾȥĴͷˣĲš˰ȦﶼѪ
óȡһѪպȥҹ塣
ȥˣŶΪ˻͵͵һõֻȥǱ߾Ǹˡ
ܿҩҰƣóԼҵ£һͲΧȹƴã˹ȥоǸɱġ
Ҳ·ûֵģȫˡ
óߴһ
һѯ䣬óֱ
ЩᣬҪ
վһߣʱʱһ۰ƣĵӺַԽ϶ˡ
ķһЩʱ䣬ƴһתſΧŷ֣ΧԭڽйˣȫΧǿˣһڿ
һ⣬ųΧ˵ͷɢ˰ɣ˻Ҫȥطˣ̫࣬ȥ
ɢۣǸɣܰѴϵȽӻȥ
һʱ䣬ͷβֻ
Ƹʱͳˣβ˵Ļɡ
ʱ̫Ѿˣƽ˽̫ˡ
̫ˣƱȻ
ŰȥƥϲɼѪȻѪ⡣
ţưѼĽ߹壺үȷʵ⣬ѪҺһֺĶأһֲݣڣҲǶƷ֮þӶһЩԤƵ顣
үǵҸ˵ѻƬ֮Ķȡġ
ҹûڡ弸Կ϶ǰֶд˴ͼģָûУȥ鿴ֹ
ֻһ
˵ûвҪү˭ֶ
ô֪Ҫ˲Уȥһ¡תȥˣƿˣȥ󱦱ǡ
(δ)

ٰʮ 鹢ֱ

̫̫ʦϿŵϱ̧ˣֻĮĿš
ϵѾҽιˣȥӻҲ˵
̫۴߹ŵˣ룬򿪲ĸӴ˴Ĳ裬漴ʵ˭ģ
ϵ΢΢һ𣺡̫СҲ֪
㲻֪˭֪ƥ˭ϳ˭տÿǮϷǴˣ̫²뿴ϵĳʽ
Ҹϵ˵Ǯ࣬һǳʽĳʽ˲̫һЩʽһϳιƥ
һʡȥ鷳óʽ׬Щӣǳʽϳ֪ƥҪʲô
ƥҪˣʽҪ֪
һ˸˵ĻȻҪǮ
һǾϵЩˣԼĺӣιҵĺӣʹģԸǮҲ㹻ࡣ
̫Թ涨飬в֪ĵ
ϵˣɫ԰ף̫Ҳ֪ô¡
̫˵֮˵޶Сܹ߸ˡ
ǲ֪ǾͽĶŮ͵ιɡ̫üëĺɨ㣬ԭף˿𺣬Ÿˡ
ҶӾߣŵõϵ޺
̫һ߿ˣ㲻˵ǲںŮǣǸˣҲĺģҲŹ㡣
ʽ˫ȸոҩûſڵϿ޵ˮ
һСҲ޵ҡ
ĸ׹ŵǰĴ˵˵ҪӰ
̫ϸˣ˵Ͱϱɡ
һϱȥ
Ժ޺ңߵſڲδȥͣ
˵̫ߵˣ˰ѵϵϵһߣһѵ˰˵ȳһ˻ӵȥ
ŵðź˵
˵˵
̫ۻӵˣӵߵһߣ˵
˿˵ǮˣǷ˲ٵǮķҪǲǮ͵̫ҪǮû취˵͸
˿£͸˵ԸǮҸһǧֻҪæ¡
ʼԥˣʲô£ûӦıɱͷ£Է˵ҪɣͰǮ̫ˡ
ʽ뵽ҲͰһǧˡ
˵֪ͨ춼ûΪǹȥˣ˭֪ˣΪ˲֪͸ȥˣų¡
̫ߵˣһŹֽҪʽǩֻѺ̫Ȼҹ
ҶȥҹһҶɵˡ
̫Źֽȥſڣ壬ͣͣ٣
ҪȥǸˡ
̫ͷһۣ漴˵²鷳ˣȻ̫ϣȻ̫ȥ飬أϷȻȥͻ¡
!ת뿪̫Ҳ˳š
ڼҵȹ黻һ·Ұƣߵſھͱס
ѾϢˣٽŲȥ齣ڰĲϡ
Ҳϻòã޷죬Ҳſ񣬰Ȼ
ͷʿɱ裬á
㶯֣ƴſڿڣٽ
ǸУΡ
ȥԺİνҪɱ飬Ż鰺ȥӲǲҶ֡
򲻹ǲ
˭֪
ƿɨһۣΣͷء
ڿһ飬˳˼⡣
ŰƲŰ£ȥĽӵһߣǹ۲һ棬ȥƵĶ¡
Ż飬Ʊӵܡ
Ҫ˳ǰС³Ҳұ֤
ңһֳʲôǺã
Űɣ
ң裡ƷԸˣ㿴顣
СƵȻ޲
ٽܻῪЦƹһˣʾʲôû
Ҳʵû°ɣ
šûУлٽȣҪûٽ֮ˡ𶼾ú£Ļ滹ǰ
֣ʲôˣҪɱ㲻ɣ
ƺЦٽô֪ҪɱҵģͲٽ
ʱǿԶ㿪ģķ㣬ǸʽȥģҪұżˣҲô׳£ȶŪˡ
Ҫ˵㻹ǸɵϣǳʽҪɱ㣬㾹ȻȥҪңȶ⽴Ҷϻ£
һŭ֪ΪҪɱ
ƲãȥɱǺ£ھǹĶȻʣҲף̣
(δ)

ٰʮ Ϊԭ

ƲΪȻ竣ＵĽҵҵҲڣɱҲǹͬ뷨ɡ
˵Ҽ޸ֶΣҵyinֻôӦȢҡ
ɱңñҲɱҡ
ҹȥھ滵˼СӳԸͷҶ޲ӵ飬ȻͿЩС໵Ŀ֡
ǿңɵЩˣ˭Ҳҡ
ҾǾС㲻ھǣȻ֪ЩҪ֪ҲѣȥҵĴС㣬Ǹʲôˡ
ǲͯŲţ
עŰưƴµĳ
˵ĻȻ۾תȻһ£ЩҪ˵ģһҲԭ˵ġ
˵ʲôȻЦ¡
㲻ңô֪ҪɱҵΪʲôƼ˵֪ѾƲסԼˡ
˵ǲǺЩǰиĸˣ
תĿעǽ棬Ժֳ︡ԭʱһЩ䣬ǸʱԭǸܹɶĺӣиִڽϹ֡
ţһЩö棬ܿġ
ؼҵ·ҪһõĶʹȥſ棬ﲻע˳ſڿСӣȥ棬ȻĶһ档
ЩһΧȦ۸ĺģһһ
ǸӣôԴȻǺµģǲҶ֣ίĿ
Щӿˣ͵Ѵȥһεĺͬ棬Ư·ȥˡ
·ӵЩƴزȡ
ܹȥƿЩӣЩһǸûĺӣ˵ҪˣԲŴ̲ġ
СС͵ԭĺģһֱޣЩһֱǸûҰӣ˵Ҫˡ
ЩӶˣſŻȥ
￴ҲһĻȥͺҪˣȥóԵġ
ԭСȥҲû˵
Ӱ֮ȥ۲ĺӣֽΧĺӶʶ֪ûҪˡ
ܴ̼Ͻֿ˼ҺӶţǸӡ
һκأѺƵˤˣǼҵĴ˵ǸҰӣ˵Ҫˡ
̫Сˣʲô档
ǿʼЩӣЩˡ
˭񲻶Ծ۸˭
ŻһΣʱ򰲽Ǵ̵ʱ򣬴߹СҲ۸ǣ̣ô֪ھǵӲù
ռҵĺӶ۸οЩٻ˼ҵŮ
˭˵ûģûġ
ſ񣬵Ҫſͱ۸ˡ
ʮ꣬Żʱҵ۸˽̩Ǹӵӵܣ£ǺҪһЩ
֪˭˵ǸƤӣרŹõӡ
Ǹ̩ʹ˰ˣһȺΧţŮǶſ̩̩ҪȢС檣ȥ
ԭһȺ˺Ϊʯͷˣһսˡ
ͳ˳ˡ
գһƤ۾䣬ֽס
һӰƵıϢȥ
ڿˣվٽ뿴Ϸô
룡
һƤȹڣɡ
˵Ĳˣ𱦽׷˳ȥ
ȵԺǣһƥǣ
һҪԶţָŵȦ˸Ȧ˸ڣһƥիǱ˻һ˳
ǣֱӳˡ
˹ȥ
ֵľҲаʱʱַǷ˾ͺˡ
رǾƥµ飬ʱ˸ˡ
һ°ɫĹѣƥһ⣬۶ĻҲΪ»ȥһɫĽ
ܿ찲Ʊ㵽˻ư˩ڻſڵϣȥһӣù飬һ˽ȥ
Ӻ漱ææĲ׷ϡ
˻ſڰƥ˩ãĽȥˡ
óϵӣ˻飺Ҹˣ̩ԭϻӡ
õģʶģæӦ
˵ȻλʱˣҪǻŵĻѾʮˣӵڳΪ٣һƷɣɣ̩ǡûйְ
סʲôط֪֪Ƽѯʡ
鲻ҵͷŵĸһ飬סʲôطҲˡ
뿪ֱȥΣΰΡȥץˡ
(δ)

ٰʮ ү

Ρһ֣Ҫȥ鸮ץǲװɣѾ֮꣬Ҳ˵꣬ǵ̫ҲҪЩӣοȻʱҲмӣֹһʹ͹
ΡЩΪѣôץҪԲ˶ߵģĹְץһƷɵĶӣƺЩס
ؼûôȥץҲס
صصﲻߣһߣΡٵﲻǣֻܵͷǽпི
˵ð죬˰̩֮㺰˵ֻ֣Ҫ̩ͺãץ֮͵ǱˣҴˣѺϣҪҾҪ֤̩ݣ֤˾ͷˣҪû֤ˣѺžˡ
ΡֱðӲ˲̧ͷʰƣ̩ʲôطҪ˶
ݱְ֪̩ȻʲôˣҲʲôʮˣ˵ϲ۸ˣǸͷĶĹܼҲϸҲûʲôӡ
ʲôκͲ֪ˣ˵ˣκҲڣκȥ죬ǳ£žˡ
Ρһֲ̧̿ͷһվſڵİ
ǲ򵥣ҪǼ򵥣˳Ϊβȥץˣץˣ
ץҲ˵ȥ
ðɣǱְھȥץˡΡתȥץˣץ֮ǰ˸ۡ
ھǳĲãħˡ
ȥĸΡȥһˣץżȥ֪
Ϲ̧ͷΡվſڵţĻϹܼҡ
ͣʣôˣ
ְΡٱ˱ȭ
帺ֶĿĮȻӣʲô±˵ȥ
үءΡŲ֪Ǻ¡
Ŀ˳˲䣺Ρ٣㵨Ұѱץȥˣǳıӵˣʹˣ
Ρٲŵù£æ˵үְңְǷ֮ȥץ˵ģһү
ŶһץȥģƮƮŶһ
Ρֱðүģ
Ҳǰ
ΡӲͷƤŵ˵үҪְȥңʵĸץ̩
˼ֲҲʵĸϰ
Ρļ̌ͷ壺Ѿ֮꣬ҪǾǲףοܹһƷıɣүȥġ
κ˼ǣεˣ۸ˣΡٵ߼ʮֲá
ΡٲڶԣǷ˵ˣȥץ
үǱְȥץˡ
˵Ρٱˡ
Ρ˹ȥصء
ǱߣȻſڿƥһƥǻģƥġ
ţͿĿ񣬵̩
Ų۾ſڣոԺ﷭ƸĻܶ飬Щ鶼йԭСʱ顣
֪۸ԭǽҲ۸ԭ
ҲΪˣ֣Щ۸ԭˣҲŮ޶ȵĻ
ɫƫףĿ˳
ûҲڣֱ˹ȥ̨ףߵ̨ϣƵ°ʣɫãôˣ
ƳĴһؿЩƣЩ˵ϸү˵
š
סƵ֣ҲЩġ
ǲŵˣʲôˣֻŰƱ飬ǵ汻ˣҲȥˡ
ҡͷ֣үôˣ֪ͨүˣ
а취˾֪ͨ壬֪ġ
˵Ρȥġ
һЦΡ٣ûʲô£ŵãҿ
߾òף˻ȥ
Ůӣֲ佫ԣ˵ˡ
հƵ֣ٹܣȿԼ
ԽðƵֱɫҲãҲ֪ôˣǲ֪ż
ƵͷϿţվһ˽ŰƵ֣Ÿ̩
ҪҲظٳٲ˾Ͱж˿顣
Ʊ۾Ժ﷭Ƹ궼ԭļ䡣
֮ǰƴ֪ԭļô飬һ¶ӿһʱЩԲɫףҲΪԳɵԭ
ֽűǱˡ
ԭȥΪǰգСƲ۸ôˣ
嶢Űƿ֪⣬ЩŹ֣ľ͸ˡ
ſڳֵˣ۾ȥֻһʮ߰ӱѺ
(δ)

ٰʮ ϵͳ

̩һıȹ嶼Ҫϸ··ģǸˡ
˿ϵۣǾҪϵ۵Ĵ
̩űţ˭ĲҪˣץӣҵĵҪˣ
ΡٶСҲǺ֮ǣץʱûץû뵽˻Ǹʿ
Ϊܰ˿ʯͷҵʱԱţǾǸ˶£ҵľ㣬Ρô
Ρںһ߹ȥ̩ûվͨһˣߵһһľȥȴ˼£Ǵ˳
Ρߵһƣ
Ρپ˵ץˣô
ƿȥ˵ʲô̩ԸˣȻ̧ͷĿ棬Ǳһ档
ƣ㣿
һĿһɫ˲
Ʋȹ˵һ¹֣ûп˵̩ȴһ
ЦȻûңҲн죿
ƣǹץǲǣ̩ŭӰƣҪվһһӣһſڵϡ
һ£۵ɱ֡
̩ҧƣʯͷҴˣһ¶û´ˣͷϻһ̣Ҳȥ㾹Ȼˡ
Ƶʡˣ̩Լ˵ˡ
ܵģ㣬ǲһȺȥ½һŮӣҪʮ涴˵ͰȢˣץ棬˳ظļҼˣ
ƴ˻һþ㵡
岱Ӿ͸ľͷƵģȥȥơ
ȻֻҪɵӶóŮǰơ
¹û˵
ޱĿŵϵ̩̩񣬹Цԭǵأ˵ֻҪűү˵һ๫ãүͺúõź򡣡
ΡٴҴСǲҪˡ
ԾΡٺ
ɿƵִ̨һһߵ̩ǰ䣺ſ
̩û壬Ȼֻ˵壬ȴδ
ȤЩֻϲŮˡ
̩ÿȥĵطһЩԺŮҲ
˵ûǿŮռģԺﱻҲ١
̩Ϊˣƿߵˣ˳ӿ壬һЦǣ
Ǽʶˣԭý๫ɫ
̩һ£˲׹۰ƣæſ壺С
һ߳ȥ̩߳⣬ſڵϹͷˡ
岻ߵ棬һ߹ȥֱײϡ
Χ޺ţ壬ԩ޳㾹ȻңһȥүүҪȥһϡ
̧֣
Ρٿ˿󷽵İƣһȻΡֱðջˮ
Ρٰ˰֣õһѵ壬ŵȥ̩
ֱ̩£塭㡭ʲôɱңҲˣ㡭
һȥ̩۵ȥֻǰѵ̩Ŀϻһ£һʲôʹӿ˳ŵ̵ͷ
ž
Ǹ䵽˵ϡ
Ҫϸ㣬ûȥǴ̨ˡ
ߵߣֻǿһۻԵ̩
үռô
أΡ٣̧ϣɾĶιȻǣŹȥĸϣ˵ġ

Ρ̧ͷһ㵣ôǲǹˡ
á
Ҳ˵үǴʱִˣǲðɣ
ãɫ䣺ʱ˵ҪǺˣ
ΡٲҶԣæŷԸȥ졣
תƣɫԽ԰ףͷĺӹĿ
ѰƴӵϴᱧתȥϣŰƻ
ŽƷŵϣˮԸƲá
˿ţ˻ţʣôˣ޸
Ƶģڹôġ
ֽű䣬ȫ԰ס
̾˿ԭĻһֱûߣϣүܶ鶼ǱƳģҲп֮
ίƵģ飬ҲӰϵͳ޷κ޸ôȥҺãֻܰ
ҪôҲˣԭҪԶ㣬ˡ
ƿһ۴齵棺үҸ˵˵飬ʵҶ˽
ʱʱ򣬹˵⿪±ȥ˴齵棬˴§סƣӸϣƽԭ顣
(δ)

ٰʮ ״ĸ治

һҹûôϢֱϵʱ˯ҲְϵĺˣֽҲ¶ȡ
һϣϢ˰ʱ糯ûȥ˯ŵİȥǳǱϴ衣
ƸоСΪ·۾壬һڡ
δôĹܼƣȻȥҲܿģΨΣ£˯˯˼ƣ˵ҸС
⿪ϵ·һϣȫûһطǲʪģ㲻ˣӺ·Ҳʪġ
ʵ˯ţŰҲܣűŰϴ衣
ģڵҲˡ
ʯͷϿŹҲ˵ЩʲôֻǿŹľࡣ
ơӦ۷ʲô飬뿪ɺã˫ǳĽݺ;İϣƽܺͷ飬ʵǶǾɫѳӣиӢ˭Ȳϴ˿̵Ĺ壬Ǿġ
ر۾嫵ҹһˡ
ֻǿţš
ʲôûֻ˵һ
֪вʣǱ㣬Ǳ㣬ݲµڶˣֻݵˣΪӣ㣬ƿɺã
ͳڰƶ𣬰Цһ£үڡ
һ֪ڡ
޻˵ƿ˹忿ʯͷϣʲô˵
ϴ˸裬ͷβɫأȻıƽȥʱˤȥˣ¶Ľţ֪ˡ
˯£ȥ󷴹§סļ˭˵Ůֻܸ§ţҲ§˵ġ
ãתѰ§ס
˯ǰ峤һ˵˯ɣһֱڡ
ƺЦſڹĻܿ˯ˡ
˴ѾʱˣС̫ſڴּҲҽԺš
ƵǱˣɫڵĸ࣬·˳ȥʥּһۣС̫ص
һʱһ˽ȥˡ
ճϱȽ֣Ǿ̫б࣬㱻̤飬ϳ״湬顣
ϵͣû죬˸£Ȼǲ˵ģһƣһû
ûҲûŴϳ
ȵû
ϵۿķʵΪβϳ
ϣڽϱ̫ײŵˣһҹûϢһϣûϳ
ôϵҲ˵ʲôϳƶȵģƫƫϳǾе顣
岢˵ϵʣ̫ȻлҪ˵Ǿ˵ɡ
̫飬Ѿȥ˵İ˵һ顣
̫ģʽҲ̫ģǳʽŵ£ȴ˹ġ
˭ģѾ鵽ˣ˺ةฮйأةฮס
ϵ۵Ǻɫةฮûģ˶סةฮš
֤ݿǶУ
УץˣҲʵѺˣ˭֪ةฮһۣ˾̶ˡ
̫渵ûȻ
ةฮȻɱڰ
ةæȥ£ϣϳѹ֪£̫ⲻݺôһٸӣҲ鰡
ةƺҲϴˣ֪顣
̫ƾ޾ǲݺġ
ةǱ˻Ҫࡣ
ϵۿ̫̫޶֤Ǻã
ϣֽѾѺֽɫˣȻˣ棬Խȥǲةฮס
䶼ˣةฮɱ˵һˣǻʺǾҪˣ
̫ɲǿտƾˣ
˶ة࣬ةֱ£ĺӹ䵽ϡ
ŹţةһͷԵ˹ȥ
ϵۺȻվȴһ¶ˣõεة࿴ʵµ
ˣҽϵ۵ǻ̵ģةɡ
˶Ƶģͷ졣
ٿ壬ģһĴ󹫼һλ˺
մҶڵ״飬û뵽ôһʷ˿ˡ
һˣڳ֮϶߶µҪ岻ϣ뵽һ
˵ʡʡ
ǸӲû˵ż
ҽǼæϵ棬ȥةࡣ
Χ˶ˣͨоˣϺĴӣ˵۾û˿
˿ѵһڵϣŵһ˺һƬ˭Ҳ˺
(δ)

ٰʮ Ա

ϵſʣȥ˳ϡ
ȵʱ飬ϵܲۿڳʶһ䣬ʵϵ۵ǣˣЩʲôĸ£
ôڳϣϵ۽˽ʴȥֵة౻ѣȥʵ顣
ܹæǰ£ϣҸϳΪС̩˲кһ¡
˭ôĵӺ̩ϳʲô²ܵȥϵľǹ壬µܸҲֵ
³ϵۻƫ̻ġ
ܹϸѾȥˣҲҧݺģ˵
ϵûĿ۹壬֪
ܹ㣬ΪĲкʵ˵Ĵ޶ΪֻعϢ
ϵۿ˿ڣܹ㲻ڹ˼Ҳȥˡ
֮ϣ鵯ةһµģ£˼ա
˶Ž飬ܹǿ˵ϣС̩ؼң˼ſڱ㱻ǸΡץ˹ȥ˵ˣĶι˹
ϡ
˵˴ܹʹ޲ðѹƤˡ
ϵһü壬ûİһۣˣ
ϣˣ̫ˣҪΡٰС̧ϣǣֻСǶĹϸ߼Ҹ˵ģ˼ҸűĲУһ˭֪Ҹˣ
ܹ޵ĺףϵ׿ɫƬܹ̿㣺ô˵Ե޹ʱˣΪӣżˣ
ϣϰ
ܹ޵ĲУһɿ޵ĺ档
ϵۿŵϿŵˣĲͷ
ܹ㣬԰꣬Ϊϵû壺ɵĺ£
΢΢ͷ¶֪ǵ˸ô̫࣬Ҳ¡
һű˵ϣǴҲضɽҡĶô
οϻػҪʰػ̻û£档
˶ͷϵܹ㳶Ӳᡣ
ȷʵ˸̩Ҳȷʵȥץ̩³򡣡
Ŷϵü
޵Ҫô³Ҫ˵Ȼ޴زȥ
̫££ӣѾףǴ¡
岻ΪȻ꣬Сʮңʱڼ̣ƶͻС㾭һϽ֡
˷ִ˶Ǹ޶֮ˣʹҲΪ
Щȴ֪ƶ׼ˣ֪ƶֻǺ±۸Ӷװ׶ӡ
֪ƶ£ܺ۸ǾͰƶµû˵ط۸
̩ǴͷˣڳԻ˵Ҫƶǹ⣬͵ضȻƶظȥС檣Ȣؼ
˲ȸϹŵܹŵֱ£ոյĿҲûˡ
֪Īʲôܹޱȡ
üһԭˡ
ϵɫ࣬ˣ԰꣬û
ϣû˵ʲô
ȻɫȫȻôöԸ
ϵ䵭Ŀܹ㣬ʣǲ֤ˣ
Ҳƶգ˵ŻһֱУһֱޣ֮ܲˣΡٰ̩ץѯʣ룬˸̩ţȽűĵʲô˸ץ
ƶ˵̩ƶϳƶҪƶ๫ҪúźƶﲻɳûأҪȡ֮ʣ˭ݵ£
ϵۿܹ㣬ܹŵѾ˵
ܹ㣬СдϵѾá
ϣ֪£Ӿƭ˳ܹ߶¾мơ
ϵһ˲á
ϣ
ϵۿɫİ֮ɽҲ֪ίˡ
ΪЧΪϾϹᣬѣֻǳԴ񡣡˵Ŀܹ㣬ܹʱĶУò״񲻹ǰϸ״ϣܼҶҪˡ
԰԰ϵ۰˰֣
ΪŮ˭Ӷ
˵ºܼҲ޹ϵϳҲڹ
ֻ̩ѾŹɻױϳ״Ѵ̡

һܹεˡ
(δ)

پʮ ѹ

˿ȥһЩ±ǣ
ϵּժܼйΣΪ
ܹ㱻ֱȥӵ⡣
̸ˡ
ϵҲ̫̫ǲˣةฮȷʵ˼Ӻˣ
ϣѾˣǮ˼Ӻ˾ةฮףةฮ˸޹ء
¾ةฮ˼˱ˣɡ
ϵ۳ĬˣɫǺÿ
ڵϹŵةһֱ첻
ϵʣة࣬
ةͷϣԩ
ϵ۶˻һ˿ͺá
»Ҫٲ飬ȰةѺȥܣةʲô飬ʡ
ǡ
أϵȥѰҶ
ٳδϵһãȥж𡣡
˵Ŷˣ۹壬ݼ
ةฮıһ£ȥ
ǡ
ϵɨһ˵ȣתˡ
ϵ뿪壺ʱ򿴵˵Ҳᣬ֪ǲǷʲô顣
תţδ
⣬ȥҾ̫̫ʵ黹̫㱾ȥӲʣƵȥ¡
̫۶ûС
õĶΪ˺֣Ƿ£ϽһЩʡ¶١
˹ֱܼңܼѾһţȻΪˣȴûгңһӵĹ٣˲ٵļҵҲ١
ʱ취Ǯӱܼſʬףᡣ
Ҳ죬ſһ߿ҪܵС檣һɨɨ˸ͷ
̩أ۾ŭڵĺҪɱˡ
СŵæָָܼҵԺ棬ȥܸѾŻˡ
ֱȥܿҵˣ̩ʣ̩
̩ǰ֮ɽ
̩Ҫ
Ҫ
󲽽ȥһ̩̩ˤһѪ߶µҪȥֱֱ̩˳ȥ̩۵죬ڵ£ɫһ䣬۾Բˡ
ܼԺҽвת뿪
嵽ʱ򣬰պó湬ʣ£
¡
ǻЩȥƵġ
š
һ뿪
·ϰʣЩһĿǶˣ
Ƥˣҳ
š
ڴʮֲãѵϳ¡
һ뵽겻ڣŮ۸ڣðŮߣĪǻҲˡ
嶴쵽뷨˵ģСṼơ
ǵƣ㻹˵Ȼͣʣһ¡
תˣѩء
ţûȥȻ˽
屾ţűԸţ˭Ҳ
ܼһæȥ壺үǱ
屻ϳڽſվһᣬܾﲻԡ
תȥȥҰƣһҵؼˣ
ͷȷʵȥˣԾһ
Ҳòԣ̩Ҳڻؼȥˡ
Ʋģæųȥˡ
ȻǸ˹ȥ
˽ǰȥš
˳æ˵˵˭ҲС㣬˵ôˣ
·Ѿ˵ˣ˹ߵġ
ҽȥû¡
ҪȥȻɲɡ
үȥˡΪѡ
ɫڿбүСܽȥܽȥ
Σ鲻ãǲ˺С㣬үδء
Ϊ˱ˣɫ
˵ǲô¹壬˲ûʲôµġ
ǡ
ɫˣתȥͱȥˣҽȥȻȥ
ƽȥҰ˼æѹ嵲棬治ģȥֽȥ
Ҳ֪ΪΣڹͶҪƵ飬ܾ࣬ʲôҪˡ
ţȥ
岻ģſڽš
״򲻶ǲӦʡ
ٲţȥˣȥŭ
˵˵ˣүҪŶ룬ͷСˣɱ˵û
˼Ǻѣɫһ㻹в
ҿɲңҾʵʵ˵үҪǲС𣬴ɽ
㵱ң屻ĲУȥ
˵˵ү϶ңС֮ã

һǲܽȥȥƻԲ˶ߡ
(δ)

پʮһ ǳİ

ƽȥҰΪߵȥңȴ档
ܼæҰƣ
֣ô
ȥˡ
ˣƺȻ
šܼҿԺǱߣ˹ȥһӡûУһԭԭȥʱ̫С֮У治ǵá
϶صģҪҲ˾ˡ
ԺӣվһᣬܼûŽ
ȥſվţûʲôƿ˽ȥ
ŰûݿȥݵſȥſڻȽȥ˵գﰡʱ
վſڴҴһһƣȻҺʱκΣү飬
ֺһƣƵ˵֪ˣ͸ôߣκ㽻

һ£һЩɫһ˲䵽ſڣƻ˵ӱס̧ͷŰסȻЩ⣬ֻÿˡ
ʣﻹţ
ƵЩ仯˵ľȻǵĿŰҲһ£ơ
һϳŮһƬãȻ
ԭʣﻹţ
üͷ޷Լ壬ϸƣ⣺⵽ô£
ңǲǻţԭתȥԭŽţ¡
ˣͲҪˡ
ԭˣش
ֵĿŰƣЩ޴룬ŮȴЩҿ
ſԭ˵Ҫȥ
˵Ѿˣʲôλ
ӵλλֶûС
˵ˣΪֶûУԭĿޣһֻǳĬ
ãʣƣ֪ˡ
ȥԭֱ֣ޱȣ۵ĿŮȻ¡
ԭһѱסشſ˹ȥ
ʶƿƣѾ˹ȥһѰƵĶͷĶǺ
ơơ
ƺʶȥ棬ˣҽҽ
ҲѾˣԵİƣ˹ȥ
ƣѾŻŮҲ֡
ҽ
ҡ
ֱܼðʲôʱˣ
°
ܼѰҲǱŻˣɿ־ͰˣһѽסתҪߣȥץļһһתŰƿȥ
˸ҷ¡ŭĿԣȫ͸ű
ɫӲˣҪϢ
˫۷·һ㿴Ź壺Ǽ޵һжúõģҾ͸һƽҪǿڻϵϣͶ
ŵùܼҲҿæź˳ȥүз財̼ܵ
˵з財޷˵ģ˻ƫ̻ˡ
˲֪ȴ
ƽƸҡ
ⲻǶϷɫãϰݣƽ
屧Űתߣ׷ȥ׼תſڿ˽
ߣŰ֪Ǵ򲻹ڻϽϣҲ֡
ŭ£
뷨᲻֪ʱŹں飡
Ѿ˰󣬹岻òתȥһͻѾֻȥ
˺֣Ƕ֣һƻ㱻˳ȥײǽϣϵĹͷѿˡ
ܼŵòᣬҾ˴Ҵææ˳ȥ
屧ŰƲϷ֣Ŀ濴ŰΪ
Ҳ㻳֮Ҳҵơ˵ȻȥһŰƺͰ˫òϣýš
ײͨˣҪ屧Űƣڽڰˡ
Ҫ򲻹ŭˡ
ŭ˷£㲻
˫ս룡
Ǿݹֱ顣
һĹȥֱ湬ͷȥҪѹ
֮ɽ
ۿҪѹ˽һץ˹ȥֵ̧ס˳ƱŰŲ˶ߡ
̫һãȻΪΣ
ȥãֵܽնˡ
۹壺ʲôأ
֣ᡣɫأ뵽֮ɽô󶯸ɸ꣬Ѿ֪Ƶˡ
ոհ֮ɽҪɱˡ
Ź壺ߡ
ɣ򲻹ѻİƽţ뿪粽룬˲ÿư벽˰ҪˣڹЩƣһֱڻκƽţҼƽϣ̩̼Ҫɱйޡ
ͳ˳飺ⲻǺ֣ӶһȺˣǻܣǳ𣿡
㲻
ѰƽǵĿţƣ
˵깬ת֮ɽ׼һս
(δ)

پʮ 


ҲҰģƣ⵽Ӧˣ˵ڣվǺƣڹ⣬ƽбûܼʱϵɴĿ׺ݣȹѻ˵ŭ˵
Űɫʱᣬ³һжΪ㲻ܡ
䣡
һһߵǽڱĻƿ˸
Ц㻳ﱧƣ³
һߵĿҴ
̫˫ַŵ棬㵽ȥվţȽϱһЩ֮ɽʱƢͲãҪȻô̫ء

̫һ۹ǱߣֵΪ˱Ҳࡣ
ΣˣȴҪȥ
˫սȻ׹
֮ɽ˺գɱ˰ơ
ɫһ磡
̫Ϊ̵ǣҪôȥ˵á
㻹ȰʰˡȰŭ̫˵
һ۾̫һ̫㵱ɵӣ
㵱Ҫ̫˵۵֡
壬ɣվֵܶ˵ڣǰʹҽɱ㣬ɱ˶Ҳȥˡ
̫ŵò᣺
Ҳŵͷȥƣްˣ
Ҫ˵˴ֲ̼Ƿǣ˲ú˵忴򰲽Ŀп㲻Ӯˣ㴦ãˣպҪᡣ
Ϸ·ºϷûϵ㲻ҪϷ򡣡
۾̫£һ࣬һ١
̫һǲ⡣
˵ɡ
ȥŹ˹ȥ˲һ˰ԺӶˡ
Ͱ֣²ҵ˴Ĳɿ
ţ̫ȥϣҲֻлܹܵˡ
̫δĿ˷һһʯͷ˹ȥ䵽ſڵסȥ·
̫˲ϵĺˮЩ껹ûôľҪǻųȥҲˡ
Ĭˣӿʽ
ҲԽԽ׺ݡ
һҪԿ°ƾҪȥҹ壬ŭ
ŰӲǶˣ̫һסöˡ
Ц壬
һѴȥӲǽסƣˌƣʮͣ£һѪ˳
һ£Ѫ΢΢
̧ͷ壬ֻǳ˵㺹վڶǵǡ
Сǹġ
һ뵽Ľаա
ɫ˰ףû뵽Ҳп۵ʱ򣬿һֱԱȻ˵ˣҪԸ㣬Щѡ
ȥҹ壬˵书ҪԸֻĸʵڹģƸӣЩҩŻͻͽǽ
ôȻš
ȴ飬֮ͣѾﵽ˲󼰵ĹǺ˰ѪĹϵǣҪ׷ϰ뻹Ҫʮꡣ
Ȼ顣
ЦҲ
ȥͣǿȥһײǽ棬ȴ˿δ
ǰǽһƬŵˣǾ̫ĵңԺӣֻﻹǺõģⰲ֮ɽȷʵȻˡ
ۻûѹİƣ̫㵣ģҪǰˣ̮ˡ
ְ˫赣ͬУҪˣ֮֡
ְؿڣһѪǽϴִ
ŰǱߣأơ
üĶ˶ʹ۾ŶȥȻүү
ˣˡ
żѰӳȥˡ
վȻ˻Σӡ
ŮЩĮ
ƴӶվҲվȣŰȥ
أתǱߣԺӵӴ붼̮ˣסûС
žûƻ˻ο壺үû°ɣ
Ц£԰׵ЩȥҰƣˡ
ˣ
˵꣬ͱ۾ǽû¡
ǿߵǰһ㳯Ͽ˹ȥʯͷһϣƻ˻Σ˫§ס壬ȥ
һȺѻ˲˹˻סûˤ
(δ)

پʮ Ϊӱƽ

ʱ򣬶ſȥݶѻ̫ǱվţΧһƬһСͷԵúǰС
Ͱ棬֮ɽҲʼû£Ѿȥƽˣֻǻû
ƴӴûˣֵֻĹ壬Բѣſϣȥסɨ裬ˣãԲѡ
ư̧ҧƸѪ
ѪʶҲڿٻָſȴûӦ
һסƵ֣Ӵƻһߣһѽ˱ס̱ûйͷ࣬Ŀһʹ
ơ
ЦЦҵˣû취ָ⼸ҩ轻ƽҪƽ취ƭȥû£ܿͻû¡
ͷŰƵļҩ裬ͷ
˵ԭҪȥףҵϵͳǣˣкܶ಻ָܻܻ⣬ʱ䣬ĪҵֱŤˡ
Ӧòأһҩͻû£үҵϢϢ
˵ű㿿˹Ļ屧˰ƣĿֱ£ơ
ѰƷ£һ˭棿
ƿŽˣѻ˲ˡ
Źʣƽ𣿡
æ۲칬壬û¶˲˵ˡ
ȥƽƽ
š
Űʣôˣ
֪ȥȡ
Ҳ˵ʲôתȥƽ
ʱƽŰľСǹ鱧С壬ˡ
ƽ˵ȥ
ƽҲæȥҰơ
ƽݼ
ƽȥƽŶ롣
ƽǰ棬棬ɫ԰ףæ˼ӡ
£ƽͻ鶼ˣǼҩ裬취ȥºҪţҪָҪտ˵ȶ
үƽҩ迴Ƶ󣬰һ˿ڣѪģƵģûϡ
ƽʪ͸ۿΪλû޸
ƽ֪һЩģҡͷȥ£Ȼƽ㣬˵а취£סˣͽ㡣
үأӣƽܵǡ
ӣʲôɣҪơ屧ƿһ¡
ƽȥ˹ȥ
ѾͷˣǸŮȥˣ
˵
ˣүң£ƽȻտƽ£ͷȥæչˣƽл
ƽɫ԰ףвá
Ŀ䣺޻ˣ
ţˣǴƽʱİ취ģοôöȹˡ
ɫ䣺˭ģ
˵
ƽȥ;̫һʲôҪҪȥ£Īٲˣ»㡣
ƽǴģ֪˶Ѳ˸ϵ
뵽Ҳûô˵̫ߡ
̫Ҳ£ˡ
ˣ˵Ϳˣ
ƽһ£ʱ߻ħˣµ˵Ȼȥ
޻˵ȥˣСǺͰľ̵ס˷顢
ʲôСǣÿ鲻ãͽ޻ģˡ
СίҪúţʦɺ
ǣʦܼˣȻȥҪ
ƽһӣ飺ƽˡ
ƽȹڱҪ£ȴᣬһƿ˰ƷţûˣƽҲһ£տҲûκһˣֻеµѪ֤ȷʵ¹
תȥΧҲûˡ
ƽ˵ȥ㲻Ҳá
˵Իȥ޻ҪǳˣҪѪϴ
ǡ
ƽӦˣתȥӵ
ȥ޻
ǡ
ˣƽһҩ飬ȸ£Ž˰ѻ͵Ҳͻ˵˲ˣҪȥȡ
鱻ߣƽ򰲽ķӣԸ˰СǣҪտýҪ빤
ľ̵ΣܼҷԸ
ƽȥ
ţƽ˰죬û˻Ӧƽ˵ƽȥˡ
ƿƽţսһѽƽϣƽվſ̧ͷ˵ȥ
ƽ˵ŶҩƽɱģӣҲˡ
ѽÿעҩ裺ɱң
ɱ˾ɱƽܸӱǾлƽ˵Ҫҩ裬ƿˡ
(δ)

پʮ ׼

ƽվ˿򰲽ΪΪҪɱӣ
ɫãˣ
˿ϵĺܿ죬һֱϣȥãǡ
ȥأ
Ѿˣүˡ
֣أôߣ
ӵү£ѪүȣүѾû£ӵѪԾ֪ôƽ֪һҲֻ֪Ǵ˭Ҳ˵װ֪ˡ
ƽӣѪ
ӵɷӶԺͽһҪƽʱôΪ飿
Ĭˣƽҩ裺Ƕҩ
ӻǰҵġƽ˵
ȥĿ䣺йܼϢϢ
תȥ棬ƽ˽ȥ
ȥɡ
ȥ棬ƽһ뿪
ž̫ȥةฮϵ飬ةฮˣȥةฮûƽܣƶʱƶ̻̲ڼ
ǶƶһöȽ׶Ը
һƶˣһֱŶ
Ҫ޸Ҫκθĸƫ̻㣬·
˭
ܼ޸Ҳһ¡
˼ƶҲԥ
Ѿ͸˰ƣ޸ЩֶΣպˣҲ
˲Ҳôģ
ţƶȥ񣺡
ֶĿ䣺ƽأ
粻ڣȥ߹ˡ
̫̫ͷӦʡ
ƶ㣬ĸһƵף
ƶ뵽ҵ飬Щԥ˵Ҽҵףĸ׵ֵܣ֪ʲô˼
Ȼˣˡʹ˾Ҫߣƶæ
ƶҪ˵ȥ˵
ƶ
̫˵ϷȥȺ򣬶롣
ͷȥ˵Щʲôˣ˵Ҳûˣʲô˵ɡ
Ȼ˵һ˵ƶִҪȥ˵Щͷˡ
ʲô˵ɣȥ
ЩܸҲǹƵġƶ˵Žȥ
˵ɡ
Ĳãű˵ƶʾ˶ȥ˵ȥȡһ֪ˡ
ƶ˸ӣȥ
ţŽ衣
˲δ˵ʲôֱȥ
ûкȲ裬ЩΣǰһЩƿƶ˽
ԣվ
ɼƶߵǰȥү
ƱɽϣȥŰƣκÿβһ˿ڲûϣԽء
ÿŰƣˮײҲˮײ
ʱ򣬿屻һһȦ
үŹ建۾Ϊˡ
ôѹһͷˣ
ү˵ôһͷǶҲǶһͷ
ƺЦȻź˲١
ûˣ
ư忴͵û˰ɡ
忴Ƶ˲٣ֻǲ٣ûûС
ʣô£
˿Χ˿
ɽϣСʱסªһЩ˵վΧȥӶˣС
˼Ƶͷӣ壺үгԵģ
ţԵУҪȥ򣬵ţȥҡ
ŻİƣŰƵ֣᫲ƽȴӲݴɽϡ
˶̫ã·û·λơ
ڲݴҵһֻҰֻһʯӾͰҰˣһҰ
Ұ͵ʰ
£ŹԵġ
ȳԱˣЩŹ˯һᣬʱ˯һҹŰѹ
ϰƲѹ˻ûã廹Ǻ
Ӱ˿ʼûôİƣȫǳ˲ʹ
ƣˣ屧Űƻǻоۣۣ˵
ֱս°Ƴ£᲻ðſơ
ƿڹĻĺĿʵģ᲻
үҪˣҲҪúõģѺǸ˲ȥ
Ŀڿһ£ͣͷƣ̧ͷβ̫һǱӦɣΪүɱԭԭҪɱңүʹ࣬Ǻʯ٣ү׼
˫սô
Űƣû˵ˡ
(δ)

پʮ Ȣ

·ϳĬ˻صľӣ¹ȥ׼ԵģԷʱƲ˵ϵͳˣܵӰ죬ָ֮ǰԭӣԭ岢ãүǵԭô
ʱ䣬δ˵
Ƽ˵޷ϣˣԭҲֻǲдһЩǰɣʵʶ
ԭϣүһ֮ûгΣΪҺү£һүǼβǿˣͻȻľ͹ô
ЩԭĽ
ԭֻвʣͬһˣүҶ飬үѾ֪Сʱ˺ܶĲƽүۣ
һΣɣ
һЦ̾Ϣ⻹Σһֱڻû׵飬ǰЩ˰˵û飬ܱˣҪףΪβҪˣҪүϰæ뿪ҡ
üͷһ壺˵͹ˣ
ƺԭ⡣ҲΡ
ʣԭԳô
ҡͷˣҲˣ˯ˣҸ˵ЩҲ֪
Ļ뿪ıЩ
ʣҪǲ뿪أҪŮأ
Ŀ䣬δش
Ƴ˶ȥҲҩҵ˷ŵ׽ųŰ˿棬ϡ
ڰƵ
˿ڰãĲҩǲѪģҩȻҩ
忴ŰƺȺںĿҩǺˮһȥ
ô
Ŷ࣬ƺЦûʲôˣǲҩģٺҲУҩǺƽ飬໹ǲ඼ҪԣαػҪֵĺܿࣿ
ֹȥÿ
үУүȻҲǰٶ֣жȥϢҲȥţ˱һ𣬹岻ġ
Ҫʲôʱܺã
ûϵͳͲ˺ԶҪ²Упһ¡
ҲãûϵͳʡȥѪˡӲȴսŰơ
Ʊ۾Ϣ
ɽסɽˣֵ̫࣬İɽˡ
ɽ˽˾Ǿ˵ϲ£ʲôϲ£
֣Ź忴檣ʲôϲ£
޷ЦɫأȴŰ˵ƵЦҲġ
üģ
š
ŰƵ֣ȥķ򿴡
ʱ绹δȥһɫĽӴةฮ̧ſڣиŮӴӻһϲűŽȥˡ
Цˣ
ȻܼҿѾϲ
ӡ
û£ܼңˣʵ
ܼ˵ˣȢ˲ˡ
ƶ˿⣬̣ΣƶߵѾߣûƶҲ֪ƶ
ܼ˵˵˵Ƕƶͻ£̫˵նȥ鰸ӡ
ܼҰ龭˵ƺ͹֪ô¡
ƿ壺үȥô
ȻҪȥġȥƷԸ˹ܼʱҪ˻飬ȥˡ
ȥǳԡ»ķ̣һ뿪ȥ
Ʋδ׼ҽŲô⡣
ǰҵĹܼһͰƣæŽȥ棬˵ˣȥӭӡ
΢΢˸ӣ㡣
̧֣ʾ
˵ɩ
ƿȥǵһôصĽˡ
ҲЩڣŰƽȥ
ô£ʣҲǺͰ֪˵һ顣
үڴϱģƶ˵ѾǶˣǻġ
Ҳ֪ʲô顣
أô˵Ƽʡ
˵Ѿղ˵ˣһ鷿š
ǰƶѾȥˣһǰžƱȾƣȥ̧ͷմһɫ·ƽ
˴ǴѣҲˡ
ľƶһߵǸĴӲ̫á
ȿڣ۰ƣû¶ҲûʲôķӦŰߵĹ忴һۡ
˵ôôСģ
Ѿˣ׷ݼ
˰֣ʾ˶ȥ¡
˸һߣʼԷƼҵһûҲžžˡ
ӿʼԷɽӲùھҪúõĲӪϯȻùĳʳѲ˭ҵĴֲ赭ȶϯá
οǳĺġ
(δ)

پʮ ϵ̻

ƳԶôľûС
Ҳ˵㣬ԺҲҪء
Ʊ˵ƣǳ˵㶫˵ĸ˾ôţһֱȶص뿪ӡ
Ժһ˲ܼҸŵòᡣ
ˣȥƶϳʮ
˵ʲôҪƶˣǻϡ
ļ檣˵˲ˣźţôȻǵţūţūģôˣ˵ֱ׳˿Ŷһ
ܼҲҵæȥƶ˳ʱƶڵŶȥȻ˱ɵֶΣĴңΪҲûʲôݵʯȹ¡
ܼҽƶͷţѾЩ֣ô£ôˣ
ߡܼһ֣ƶߡ
ѾҪųȥܼƵˤһӣȥ׷ƶѾ˳ȥ
ƶϣʣô£ǶĲ˭ĵӣҡ
ЩҲ˵ƶȥֱӵ˵ϣƶͷҲˣͷϵĻҲ䵽˵ϣһͷ˿£˶Ǳ
վһߺȻƶʱţ󲻾ãƶͳֹڹ͹һֵġ
ƶҲǸ߸ϵˣȴ
ƶŶǺ⣿
鲻ãˣʮ
ǡƶȥסܿ˻Źƶһ٣һٴˣƶƨҲ׿ˡ
ſڵƶ۵ֱޣûԹĿࡣ
ޱ˵㲻ģȻˣҲã˵Ҳޣڱˡ
ˣ͵ԺȥǾľסȥϴͰ˭ܣ㲻
Ժţƶˣÿ١
ܼæ˵ҵһϼӿܡ
ƶŶܣ
ȻԭͲ㵱Ϊ۸ˣ
ƶſڵϣ˫۲Ѫ˿Ҫƺ͹ȥ
ʵҲԸȥƶˣһ£л˵
ת뿪岻İƣʱҪ粽ĸŰƲС
ƴȥǰ棬ںš
ߵ棬Ʋʣʲôô
鰲ʵȥܣ˺ӣܿŲܡ
Ȼ޺ܼþƶһᶼûС
㡭ԥһ£˳һۣվԶûй
ԭΪҿԽܶϲŮˣȢԴӻּȢƶҾͿʼ˯ţҲҽͣҲʣ϶ᣬƶʲô
ǡҪûжƶлᣬ뵽Щ鲻ҾͲ
һҪȥˣҲټʲôˣҪңͶϤȻ˵
һ֮ܶˣ
ҲǲܣһܣڶⶼÿҲæúܣҴǵȥңһù⡣
Ǻ˭ƿһݺܶĶ
˵ҲҾǾãҪ侲һʱ䣬ҺͶ֮ԭᣬҲҪʲôҪʲôùվǣգҲѹҲô˵
ȻˣúñأʵҲǺܵƶǵһЩˣЩҲǸᣬҪǳˣǶµĶ
ô˭Ƕ
ʱ򣬾ͻѰˡ
֪һȥһ˼ңаȫϵģ㲻صģһᱣԼͺӣκ˺ңҲǾ˭ҲܰôҲ£˭Ҳ¡
һ֮֮ϣҲܡ
ֺŮӱΪĸգ޷㣬ԼԼҲһЩ
˵ͷİɣҴС鲻֣Ǳ˱˴εһ񺮣̫ƽʵϲˡ
һ⻼裬κһҶ񣬶ӿʼƽʵѰӿ
ľǸӣӣҺѹ
Ҳһ
̻Ρ
޶˳£Щ㣬ϾȻʱɻ飬Ҳɵӡ
ǰֻΪֻսɱ˵ˣǱһȴô롣
(δ)

پʮ ϵͳ

ãȰǹؼʡ
ҡͷŮӣҪΪΣ˵ŮôȻȥ˵飬ǲȡ
̸ף˶᲻ŮˣΪʲôܰᵹأ
һͬھˣҵĺǶĺӣǻģһˣҲˣֵô
˵ĴȻðƶݣڰƵУôɵһˡ
˰̾ϢŮӶɵȻѾˣǾģȥɣúð̥ʱʲô
á
˴Ӧ˰ƲŸŹ뿪Ҳû
Űˣһ
屧˻
صѾڣƻȥ
үȥ
ſڣֱȥ˽
Ǳ߰ȥſڡ
СǺͰľȥ

ʦ
ţ⹫أ˵ʲôСǵͷ
С۾ˣһȥס˰ƣҲܲصĿ
ǸӣСǿɴˣⱾͲԡ
°ƱСǺһᣬСǲˣƲǣСǵȥʧȥʧȥСǵǵŰƵֲϷſƾʹСȥҰ
ſڰƿϹܼʣôˣ
Ϲܼҵͷһֱûˡ
ƽأ
֣Ҫƽµġ
ƽ컹ڵģ뿪ܼ˵֡
԰ƽǸְصˣ뿪ܲҵġ
ľƣʦù쿴Բȣѷ˷ŵһ߾ˣʹùȥ˵ȥҪȥĵط
һ£ת򽫾ſڣ˵үȥؾƽ
š
ҲǴˣȻ֪ô¡
뿪ƽܼңŰľСȥϢｻҡ
ܼҵͷתŰľСȥϢ
ƿ˽ȥЩڣҲǵϵġ
ֳŽ˹˵ƷϣŹȥҰžûˣƵ˸һ²ſš

ƽа۾˸ط£ȥˡ

ƣˣ

ֻǽתһֱҲ˵
Ҳ˵Ůôš
ʱĺܿ죬ܿͰʱ
ʣô£
Ҳ⣬֪ʲôʱɵġ
һ磬ʱ򡭡
ЩҶ֪˵˵˵ô£Ѿˡ
ʣһ֪ҲŮΪʲôװ֪
㲻ŮǣѾ˵һУһɱôɫ԰ףĻ䡣
˵Ҳ֪ŮĻǻвд棬һֱҺүĻ£ʵҲƲŴٳɵġ
ֻûֱ֪ǰЩӣ̩飬ˣҲȷ档
һֱôƣҡҡͷ
ҲҪ߰ɡƳŰЦһ£νӡ
ʣأ
һ磬ʵʱ⣬ûˡ
ô죿
ȥϰɡô˵ǲܵģһ˵ĺӶģһѾˡ
Ĭˡ
һᰲʣô
ãúõģЩʲô
ҲʲôҪһֱߣҸоõҪߣҾͻ뿪˵װµĲǰɡ
ȻҲ޷͵ô£ȷʵˡ
ԭȻǺֻҪߣʶͻһֱĽߣ¡
ЩǲҸ˵ģô嶯ʲôпܡ
Ĭһ᣺ǰˣҲȥȷʵûвѵĿԡ
š
һȥôĽô
ҲᣬԴɡδ
ֻǵͷ
¡
˻ᰲƲ˵ȥɣ
Һܿͻ뿪֪үн黳Ϊүģ϶ȫǡ
ҲʥˣõӦԭǡ
Եʻᣬ϶ԭɡ
ʱ뿪Ҿ뿪ֻǵʱϣҪүˡ
ãӦˡ
ʱ仹ԭһҰѴˣ廹Ҿȥʱһ뿪
ûлأ˵ȥɣ㲻ȥᱻɣǺ鷳
Ÿ뿪Ƴȥǰŵġ
֣ôûã
˵ĳϵͳѾԼϣҾʱҲԷĵߣϣƴҵĺӣǸˣ
(δ)

پʮ 

Ҳûʲô˵ģžȥԸ˰£һֱƵ
ƵѪ
Ҫ˻ȥ
Űƾȥƽƽţſվţƿʣô£
Ҳȥ϶Ƕָ̧ƿֶǺɫġ
룬¹ָ⣬ָֽˡ
תƿƽķţ˵ȥɣүҺ͵˵ˣҲҪԷȥţ˳󱦱
š
忴۰˵
š
ֱˣȥ󱦱
ƿһۣһƿƽȥƽʱƽѾһˣȥƽ۾ƣӡ
ǺοأҵûµģҲ㰡£סƽָûжֻһ£˾ûԹˡ
ƽ׼ˣҪƽš
ܿ췹׼׵Ʒƽ³ԷƽģעŰʣӣΪʲôûã
ƽмҪ㡣
ӣ
ңķ˵˵ģһһ䶼ҪסغСǣҲغү
˵
ưԭ˵һ飬ƽֶһ£㡭
㲻ҪΪ˵Ǽٵģҵ֪ȻҶ˵ҵϻָأ
ƽ⿪İ˿ڲûкãء
ƽۿӡ
ûϵѾ׬ˣֻǲСǼңôߺչ˺Ǽסƽ֣ƽֱ
ҡͷҲߡ
ƽҪҪң֪ô
ƽش𣬰ɿֿʼԶ
ƽһֱޣƸвˣǵã׵ȥСǳˣӦҵģҪտǡ
ƽһֱޣ޵ʱ
Ҫˡȥ壬ƽޡ
⹬üƣԱˣ
š
ԵòãȥסƵ֣ȴתһñһԣ㵹ǺãԼȳˣǷˣﵽûб
ƱﲻסЦôûүˣҪûлŶô
̣Ÿһ㡣
⻹࣬߰ɣȥǼʱ䲻ڣƽû취չˣǷչˣˡ
ǻкôƿɲš
ҲŹȥ˿ǡ
ûߣ˵Ƕܰȡ
Ŵ򿪣ԼͬȥſڽˣһŮ˺ľƵĽ˶һ£ŷӦǰôȣ˵ûûΣߵǰ˸ӣλ
´ƣ˵ôˣ
ûʲô
ЦЦĲøˡ
ʣû԰ûȰݳУԭͺܳˡ
Σ⻰˵ģˣ
ãŮӣĺܶ࣬ȴܼ֡ƴһʱһƬ
һЦ˵ϡ
ǣϡࡣ
飬һȷƽһ֧һֱѹϥϣ￴ơ
ЦĶŰƣƺ
鲻⣬ôȻ˼ˣ
ΪʲôˣǵĳԲ˯š
޻ǵһ
ֻϥﻹһӡ
ƻˣˣŰȥҲһ
ƽºܿΧһȺ󱦱
ƶ£һףȥģҶΧһȦ
С˯ڲԶĵطСϻͶβš
ƷԸСϻϹ
СϻҧסСµıӣСϵƱСףͱڻ
󱦱Ѿϰ߳ȻʣֻĽ
С壬˰ӣСŵԣΧһ𣬰£˳Է
ҲڣƻһаһԷ
Ҳ³ԷֻǼӶ׽ΧŰơ
ϯֻźǣǷԹˣ͹ȥ˵ӳȥºͰ˵
ô
һᡭ
ӡ
ȻشƽѾˣ˾⡣
ȥƽŶ룬ϹϾ񣺡ӣƽ£Ҫ
ҲãȻ£Ҳ࣬ҵ»ȥҲס
ǡ
ƽտӣԻҪΪ
(δ)

پʮ ֪ˤ

ưѺӽƽ˵˼仰뿪ˡ
ûߣƽס档
һⲻ˰ȥһۣŻȥЪš
ˣ˿ڵ飬Ҫ򿪿˱һû˯
ˣҲûʣȥةˡ
ة࣬ȥ˶ȥ̫ҲڹſڵˣԶͿ岽еſڣˡ
һ壬̫æſ˵
šҲֱӽ
ϵۿϳĸ⣬ⶼҪ³ˣˣ
ûˣ˵ˣϵ۵Уı£Բġ
ûˣл顣
ţб
ϵ۾֪߲ƣҲЭ
忴۾̫̫˵ϣة׼Ӻ²ˣȷʵةΪѾ֤ȷ䣬ǳӡ
̫ϣСæŰ͸ϵۣϵ۴򿪿һۣ漴ӵһߡ
ةಢδϣ֮ȷ£֮ǰҲ̫˵ȻѾةǣ֮ˣȫ½̫ȥ죬˰ɡ
ϵߣ̧ͷĿϵ뿪
̫壬ֱӣ˶ӡ
תˡ
̫Ӻһͬȥһǰһţߵһ
׼ô̫档
ʣ²ǽ̫ˣ
ةҪͷš
Ȼ˵ߡ
̫ͣ¿Ѿ뿪Ĺ壬˫涯˶£
ͷ̫һԶĹת뿪
˳ǣѾſڣһſͣ£ƿӳŹǱ߿ȥϳ
ʣʲô£
ةҵˡ̤Ьٴȫѹ
忴ȥƷŵģȥץаţة಻£úõģסƽܡ
̫պЩ̫ͣһƽ
ӹ֣
̫Ǻɣ
ʣ̫۹壺óòֲϳԩ
ڻʺС
̫һ£ˣûİ취ˡ
񲣬乬ʺһϷ
̫ˡ
˼ǣ
аš忴Ȼȥˡ
ƻ֪ùˣ
ơźϢһȥҰƣӱˡ
Ҳڣվƽƽ廹ûã˲Ǻܾ
ӶΧŰƣľϲϴǰţ֪Ϊʲô
үˣܸоЩ֡
ӺЩˣ±ʡ
öˣٹӦþûˡ
˵ûˣʵϳ˼ҩ޽չ˿ڲûкתԽԽôȥֻ·һ
ǾãûʲôҲܹǻһ˿ϣһͷײ
ȷʵ˵ˡ
Ŀ䣬۾ƽƽģȻһڣ׵Īġ
ֱģƵĸоͺǿʲô󣬻ǼװûҲȥ𴩡
Ʊſ˫۶Ź忴
û¾ͺãмҪȥѶӱ߽ľŰȥ档
Ʊѹ϶ʲôɵ¡
ţ˸û˵ĵط߰ƣҪ¡
һ£ҪҺͶȥ£Ҫ£̫Ҳ棿
š
үʵɱ˲ʲô£ףɱƳˣαҪ鷳
ɱǲʲôɱ˻ʺǸ⣬οҪǻʺںʵʵĴţں󹬣ʺ˭һƳҲһֻ浽˻ϣɱҲᰲ
үҲ̫߿ˣǸ塭
סڣɫһ尲ƣ̾Ϣ˵ˡ
ȥɣ͵彻£Ʊȳˡ
˶պ˴Ӷ׼뿪
㡣˱˹
ҪҰɡ
˱Ҫߣ׼ˣһҪ£˹ȥ
߰ɡ
ʣأ֪ߣ
ҹ鷿Ⱦƺˣûһ˯ѣߵҲܰĵ㡣ѾںƵ˵
˾ͺá
š
ſڣȥ̫̫밲һͬ
˽ȴȥ˷ǹ¡
屻빬һͬĻж
˵˳﹬Ѿˣæ񣺡ūλү밲ˡ
˶أȵĻûѾƣȥĸվҪǹһ֪ˤˡ
(δ)

߰ ɱİ֮

ϱѵģˣܼҹܲס˵Żȥˣڵ˹˲֪ŰƽˣڵľһЩҪˣպʥּҲˣ͸Źˡ
ỹ⣬밲ˤ
һ¹壬ѹƿֱȥ˳﹬
ŵֱðôˣ
ȶˣ˷ϲ¾ˬ˼ȥתŻλεȥ˳ĶǺȶˣɲǶ˼
ţһײſˣſſſŻε
ƺ˻ͷȥ۾ſſš
̫Ŀôǣ
ĸնȢ˶˼ʱûѾơ
̫ûĿ棬ʣôˣ
岻˵Ǳߣȷû£ͷվš
һ㣬ſſʲô̫û
ſ뿪Ŵߣ˹ȥץס˵֣һ¡
˻е㲻⣬ôģ
ү
һˣߣҪߣҾ㿴
˫ֱð˵ˡ
̫ûĿһۣϹŵĻʺƳʺ֪
ƳŲ˵̫򺣹ȥ
ǡ
ˣ̫˵ʺ󣬶˵Сιҩˣɳϣ
ĸǲҩֻ𾪵ķĩƳ˵Ҳϡ
̫˯޷ӦĺӣһȺҽкҽѾŻˣʱڵ϶¡
̫ɫ˵ҩǷĩܺãǲײĲᣬʱ㻹ӱ
Ըͺ󹬵飬ڳ﹬Ŷѣû뵽˵ĺݲ¹̹ʺ󡭡ıã
㲻ϣҲöˣź򡣡
ǺǡƳȻǺǵĴЦһЦ̰
˶ȥʺ
Ƴֱ̧ͷ̫󣺡̫󣬲ҪҺӵô
ʺһ˶ˡ
˻ΣƳ
ƿϵѾϵĸ󡣡
̫ϵۣȻһЦ
ϵüͷ۵ϵƳƳתϵۣϣˣ
ϵûлش𣬿̫󣺡ĸǲʲô᣿
̫ߵӣϣɡ
ϵֻȥ£ϵ£̫ʣʺ󣬸ոյĻ˵һΣû
ĸ󣬻ʺҹûϢãޡ
ϣȱ˵
㡭
̫ţ̫ȥһ˽͹ˡ
̫ͣһ£ͷ¡
̫ţ棬Źϻ̫ȥǰ档
ϡ
̫롣
ֱ̫ȥǰ棬̫ʾ£̫ȥˡ
ʺѻ˵һ顣̫˵
̫˵㡭
죡̫Ȼŭһεķϡ
̫Ųٶ˵
̫ˣϵĻʺ󣺡˵
ƳǺһЦ˵ʲô˵ӽʼ̫ͽҽеߣҪҷüɢô
˿̫̫ޱ飬˵
ʺ˵ұ̫ҽɱİ֮ˣ絶ʣշģһҪгˡ
Ҫɱ㣬㣡
Ƴһŭϵ۵ַ£㡭Ҫɱĸ󣿡
ƳȥһֱΪҺ㣬Ҫɱ㣬֪Һ޵̫Ҫɱ
ڿ˵Ҫɱ㣬Ϊβɱ̫ʡ
ƳЦҽҷüɢҪҲҵһС
ª񶾵Ůˣ
ʺ󣡡ϵĿ䡣
Ƴϵۣ۵׹ϣúõϵģΪʲôҪѡ
֪֪ȥ幬ȥٵ¹ܣ֪֪㿴ʱжޣ
ƿȥѾ԰ס
ϵŭʺͷô
ƳЦѾң˱ˣϣ˽ա㻹
ʺ㵱ѳϵ£ȥᣬɫ䡣
˿ƣҲΡ
Ƴʲô˼
ͷƳ壬ߵƵߣסƵ֣ʺ㲻˵
ƳŹ壺Сڷǹû뵽ߵôԶûкӣҰ㵱ҵĺӣվϲҡ
ҽʱкܴԹҲδҪɱ˻ϣֻǺŮˣɱİ֮ˣ
(δ)

߰һ 

Ƴ̫̫ʣ㣬ǳ˼ɢ
ǡƳϡ
ɢʮ꣬ΪԲŲˡ
ɢ̫ġ
̫Цô
̫·Ӳժһңӵ̨µĴϣΪƳһξ룬ӵʱһЩɢȴӵƳǰ
Ƴһ£īɫģ滹ĵ
ʺ󣬴򿪿ʲô̫ʱȻ֡
Ƴ򿪣Ķ̧ͷ̫ʲô
Ǽɢ̫ЦǶ֮ɢʲô֪ɢһղѪҩǲɵģÿ³ŴΣŮͨ͸ģⶫӻ˥ϣȻʻڵʱΪҺ̫רƵģ˵и¡
Ȼһմ˵μͷˣǵҺ̫ҲȥȻ˵ϣϵʱǻģǽ˼ɢ
ɢݵĶǶԡ
ֻųžͻ룬Ѿ겻а׷ˣǹõġ
Ȼߺ˿ˣҲĳˡ
ֻǼɢиôϣóԶԶģԱš
ʺ̫Ҫ˼ɢҲֻ˵̫㻹㲻
Ϊɢûкܶ࣬ɢǺҽطҽϸȥ֮󣬾ûˣҲֻΪࡣ
Ƴ֣Ϊʲôҳ֮󣬻ûкӣ
ûкӣɢûйϵǴ˭ɢҲԺ˵ġ
ǡƳģ
ϵۿ̫󣺡ĸ󣬻ʺ󡭡
ϣ¹غҲҪ̫Ƴ϶һ£㣬϶ãô£
¶Ƴص˳Űƿ˿
˭ҩ

ԼҲˣ
żﲻϳұԡ
жΪ·񲣿
ңҿºӣұﲻ
Ϊμ޻ľޣ
뺦
Ƴˣ̫һ۹̹ƳԵʲô
˯ɢǿޡʺˡ
ƾúܻƣľ޺鲻Ƴġ
ʱӦûƳΪϱ˺ڹϲ˵
Ϊʺ˵飬õк֮£ɱ㣬ȻһǾȥȰɣƳ빬ȥΪɡ
Ƴס㲻ɱң
̫Ƴ̫СƱˣ̫Сƴˡ
ʲôûʲôû
޷һӣ㣬ûö꣬ǱĴ⣬֪ɣȻ㣬Ȼذɡ
οȷʵɱİˣޱ㡣
ڹУѾ͵ˡ
㻹ȥҰɡ
ּ⣬𣬻ʺƳΪϳ֣ס
Ƴ￴ϵۣϡ
ĸ󣬿ɷʺڹ
ϵ̫ʹٵʺ󡣡
Ƴϣע̫󣺡֪
̫ȥҪɱֻ̫࣬һɱ㣬㾡ɱֻҪ㻹š
ϣʺվҪȥУúôǱɡ
ת̫ˣ̫˵˶Ѻɰ߰ɡ
̫ұߣ˱ţ͸š
ϵۿ壺ˣ
忴Ƴ뱣סҪȥҪɱˣ͵ļȮʱס
ˣ
Űת뿪
ƻȥ·һͷȥ乬ȥľޡ
Ƶ乬ȴûȥ
ȥɡȥҡͷ
ȥˣ߰ɣ̫ˣҲϲ
Ź뿪·˵үôϻǳ𣬵ʱһᱨľϡ
ľطѾû취ıˣܱԼ㣬Ҫڹĸϣõİɡ
˵İһ£۵ɫһ㻹
㻹㣬֪һ·ͻẦľޣ㰲ʲôģ
ţŰ뿪
һ·ϳҲң벻ͨϵô뷨
ϹȻģ
үƳ˵ϵĻ㲻⣿
Ƴ˹Ÿʡ
һ۰ƣǱģȫ˶ӣأ
ƳĬҪô˵Ͳ˵ˡ
˳ƸŹ嵽ȥ˹䣬ѡһЩõġ
صȥԡ˳ʼҩҩ
ûˣԸư˿ûôá
˵ûôãȴǸˡ
(δ)

߰ ľ

黹û꣬үصң⼸Ӧûᶯ죬ôȥүʱ᲻үùңԼᴦȵˣҺȥԭס
忴ŰƵ󣬿ʼִ֡
үô˵ƺ棬̧¹尴סƵ֣û˵ĥɰ
ƺЦүʲôأ
ֱѹ˹ȥ£һЦҪˣ
˵Ůɡ
һãȻ˵ʲô󱦱ô

ţûҲܶ
ˣڴϷƻҪ°˿ûаϵ˼Ҳû취ˡ
ư˿ڣͷȥ壬۾ȣȥ˯ˣȴַŵġ
ƺЦû˯
ơ

š
û£ԴӦɱµˡǰ˵һ£ܿЦ
үȥɱ˭ʲôϵ
ԭȱ룬ȶˣȴȶˣͿȥҰװүˣƵĵı˱ҲҪƳΪŮˣվڱ߸¡
˲öģȻ򣬱Ҳ˽ġ
ã¼õģӦҪƵġ
ү˵ʲôأүҪȥɨ£ѵΪǷ飬Ҫǿô
ǣҪõĶƣȥʱ򣬲ϲƹЩˡ
֪֮Աܡ
ԸطݵĹӣҪûƣҲԸ
۾۾ˮŷŭ
ƵһүǸʲôϲ˼ĳ¡
үȻˣͲջȥʲôϷŪô
Ʋ֪˵ʲô
жô
еģǵǣǿЦġ
ү˵
Ǻ˵˾ͲߣȻѪϴ£Ϳ̿
αأҪûң㻹㣿
忴ƣǡ
£˵עѾˣǰλȥز㻹ˣ
š
˴Ӧ
תȥ巭ѹסƣĿףҲ죬үҪԣѪϴ£Ϳ֪̿
䣡
һףȻʡ
һ£æ⡣
һ£ʱôˡ
ƲʣȻ·˳ȥƿһ紵䡣
ţ̧ͷ죬
ԺҲ˳ڸǰ֡
úõôˣοڴҲ̫ˡ
һɫ磬˳ȥ
һ
ҺҲŵˣүôͳˡ
ӾӸǱ߳ͿԺվţ̧ͷ
δŹ㣬ֻԼգһΣ£㲻ƽϣŹ²뿪֤֮ڣˣ
סΪ巢ˡ
ƴ·߳ҲûҪֻѹлȥȻʱ򺱼ҲûС
Ƹճȥһ׻ʣˡ
ƾ̧֣ͷһ׾ڰƵǰˣѰŵüһͷһ¡
Ȼתǰһӡ
ɿ֣һһ
˸
ƿ壬תʣŭб˱
䣡
պĿʼףƿǰӣ̫Ѫˡ
û˵׵ˣǼʶˡ
屻ʪ߳һ۰ƿ壺㻹ף
⻰Ц˭ûЦ
ƿӣߵߣһֱۣߡ
תƴŹӣȥϴˡ
Ʊ飬һ¾ӸǱߵע⡣
һû˯ϲ˯˯Ϳʼʹ۾Ѿʼˡ
ȥ»ҩ̾ϢܾȱˣȴԾȣǺûá
·ȥӣ۾ˡ
Ϻںɫӣ

ү
飬Щɵ壬Ѫϴ£̫ˡ
Ǳˣ
ڲ飬ûô졣鸴ӣȥ¡
ţȥǱ߼룬һ¹uߵĺŮǲǷˡ
ǡ
Ըһ飬оҪսһ
ת뿪ֱȥ档
ƳԹ緹˵Ƴȥ˴֡
˸Ŷ͹ˡ
ȥˣݶˣзţ
СǺͰ˵
ةأʡ
ةҲȥˣûпޣҲûѹȻӡǾãة̫ѵˡ
ҲǸˡأʧȥİϵۻζԴľޣ
(δ)

߰ ʮ°Ʋ֪

˴һᣬ˵ʲôҪСǺͰľȥס֣ȥˣ
ڣʵǺܴ
Ҳܻ䣺ҲȥˣڹסģĸҲ޳Ȼȥסһʱ䣬ڶͬסҲɾݣö̥
ƿ۶Σù
Ǻƽʲôûһ
ľأûУĵĻľޡ
̾˿˵ʺ󣬰ּ̫ܲˣȻûˣұȥĸֱͳˡ
ľӸңϽܣҲˡ
ȥ档
˸ųȥ˾ھӸԺת
ʣô죿
ƿ˼ۣʱˣͷ˵
ʣǾҪľˡ
ҲȥľޣһҲ£ҪһûйϸȴԸΪҰµˡƾһʱ䲻ңһס
أ˺ܼƿȥҡҡͷϷˣһҧʮ¾ɲȥǻˡ
ʲôңֱȥǣ۰ȥˡ
֪ģ˵ȸˡ
һ£ȻȥˣľСǸٹȥɣٽˡ˸оǷ֮ز˾æˡ
һεľǰƣҲҪߡ
ҪȥƸոתҲֻͣ¡
ҽղȻȥϢٽԱ㡣ƽҪߣȥֱӳһѰƵ֣⿪˿ھͿ
˿ҧۣѾʼãҩҲûʲôãŸˡ
ǴҽβԼɫȲ
֪ûж⣬ֻǿۣҲ⣬ֻǰȥȥԺǱߡ
ĸŰƣһ·ȥԺǱߡ
Ű£Ҳ¡
ҽ㸮ϣйҽһֱˬ
Ҫ˭ҲǴɣһ˿ڼͺˣٽصģЩʱͺˡ
ҪܺþͲᷢˣȻǴҲɵӣòûǿĳġЩꡣ
ͺˣصġƽͲ裬ͻûʲô˵ģҲ˵
ȥҰƣҿ
һΣٽҡ
ɣҵôҡȥһ°Ƶ֣Ʊ㿪鵽ǽ㿪ȴܶ㿪ܶ㿪ġ
ƵֱסһƵǣҲǸ¶첻ãҴȥ˿ҽ߲ҽ֪
鿴˿ھŰߣƲߣ̲ãѲ㻹ұ㣿
Ƶһںˡ
ұ㡣ҪŰƣѰŵòᣬæź
ôǰҲǾҽ˱̫ˡ
Ȼ»顣
ٽԼ߰ɣҾҲȷʵҪЦ
鿴˿ƣô£˳˵Ȼô˵Ҳãɣҽ㡭
һ᣺ʲôأ
ٽӢ޵УΪЧôܽٽн
ãҪǽҾͱˣȫʹ˵žǰߣƱȺˡ
ðɣǾͽɣΣӢֲ̧̣˲ͷ
һЦţҽСˡ
ţưɡСƻڡ
ѾżҪˣһѰƵתߣƾͱ뿪˷䣬Ժ׼ţɫһһɨƵЩ˵ϣŭ͸š
Ҹżæˣɲں̸ȥ
÷ſס飬ɿƵƿȥ
ҽͰȴϣš׼֣

תȾһĨɬҲûֵĺԣֻǵͷСϣյˣÿ
ȥ¾ͰѰ˳ȥ
ˤ۵ڵϴɨɨ֣ӻС߱ЦˣҪ㣬ҾһͷײʡĻŶˡ
ʾͺȥ
ת߰ɡ
һȻ߰ɡ
ȥſڣûˡ
ųȥ˳ŰưͲÿûֻܸŻȥҴ
Űȥ˾һǣȥʲôط
Сʱùҧˣ˿õˣҵ͵ǣùþͰҴ˾ʮ£ʮһ˼ңǼҽƿ԰㣬ҵʱ첲ˣٴ˶˵ˣҪôһ첲ȥҵҪôôһֱã
ˣ
ûôûһ۰ƣƲö˵ȻлܺãȻҪȡһ¡
Ǹ棬ʮд顣
ʮҲô֪أ
(δ)

߰ ƭ

Żȥʮ£ʣƶ޸֪ô
֪ƱʵĪģͻȻЩʲô
ƶ޵ˣ˵ҪǼ޵ɲԣʣͣ£Դ뵽ľǻҪһ顣
ٽ
ʲôͣ¿ƣ̸Ŀڡ

вĸо൱ãƻܡ
鱳֣棺ҪͿˣҰÿ춼Ҫ밲ȻǴҲжŮһ򣬿ͬ顣
Ȼʵʱйͬ齵飬֪ģ㲻֪֪ɣ
ôƻ治֪Щϸһ룬һƬңεһЦתʮ·ȥ
֪Ϊʲô̹Ȼˡ
Űʣ޹ϵﻹã
ƿۻ飬ʾǳ֪ͬʲô֣㿴ңҿ㣬üȥ֪
Ȼ֪ģôˣһΪȻ
Ҫ޸үǾɡ
Ƽߣһ·㶼˵£Բ鵹Ǽģֻܸˡ
ʮ£ƶӲ徻һ£Ҳɫ
ұ㣡ȥǰ棬׼Űɽƿ͸Ƶġ
ȵĲͷұȥôϲȥ
ˣδϲȥҲ̫Сˣϵȥ
ƿͳߣŹȥҪ߲˾͸˵ұ㡣
Ҳ飬ǵĻǰƭġ
ߣߵʮֽý鲻⣺Сھǳôɽ·ɣ
ûϲܳɽԲڻ£岻̫ãҪǰߵĿ졣
ţ
ΣЦӣüһۣȫۡ
ߵĲƺ߲ܿˣߵһĵطƾȥڴϢ
黹ɣұ㣿
ãϵȥȷסôϴʱߵҾȥˡģɴ¡
鿴һ۷λ쵽ˣҪˣЪһᡣ
Ъһɣ㲻ҪߣЫӺ򼣬ҧ㡣
Ҳ£
ƿǿӡ
ɴ£ڰߣͷһ῿ڰƵļϣһҸģ
ˣͿϿһᡣ
Ҳ˯ˣû˯ô
˯ѻѾˣЩ΢΢ڣĴѰһӰӣʱľյʱ򣬵ӲѾʼïʢһܴණοɽϡ
ľð˸ˣڣʲô
飬顭
Ÿǰһᣬû˻ӦƲųΧ߶
ʱڲԶץһֻ׼һ῾˳ԣһ˿ƵСɰɰ淢⡣
Ǳ˻ζ뵽Щʲôӿڴһ׼ҪԵĲ߳Ųߵͷòҧһڡ

˲ߣϣ庰˹ȥŵƻ𣬰ƺܿҵ˻顣
˸ǰһ飬ֱҧˡ
ϸ˶һЩҩ
鶢Űƣûǲߡ
Ѫ֪Ҫ
Ҳ룬ײϣһҩ
ϲɾкܶ棬֪ûбȾһºЩ
أͲ£
û£ҿԽⶾӦÿԤ
ŻưѵϵļŻȥ֮ǰĴ¡
Ҳò˼Ҳ˵
ȥ˼ȡİѼտˣ﷢ǲܣл㶼᣿
áưѼ͵ǰһԡ
˵ƭģԼҧġ
ͷû̧طŮ಻ףǧ˺Լ޸ϣүǷӣݣҸŵϲˡ
ҧһڼ⣺Ҫ޸СȢô
Ҫ޶أ
ҲںԸ檡
޻˵ļ⡣
ʵʱҪҩģȻƲסϵĸȾ뻺ʹ۵
꣬ǸѣжԶȥ
ȥʯ׳¡Ϣżȥ
ִҪȥȥ
ˣ
ұ㣡
һİһ۰ƣ߰ɡ
ɽȥ
Ϊۣͷĺһ·Ҳ˵ɫˣ˵˼λûõƵĻӦԾ˰ҲãҲ˵
ǵɽ¿ȥûҵ˾֪ƭġ
Ʊҹˣ۵ܲˡ
ɣҡƭģ
ʱ򣬻黹ûˡ
һ֮תɽ
ʱһʮ¡
(δ)

߰ ˲ý

жãͷһ۸ˣǰ
ӣʱӵϢƴŻ鵥ʮɽϡ
ӿų̣ʱһҪϵ֮ǰץơŹߣԸ˿һߡ
Ӧӿų̡
ںҹпǰС
ӾұҲûҵˣֻýȥţҰĴû˼ƺͻ顣
ҲˣϽһƣŮҲΣôȥ˵ãҪ
ү
ǰ׼뿪ƽŶβ
үүβƽѶβ壬屧߷ŵϣϵĺѻ
ȥ
ѻȥˡ
ƴŻɽѾˣʼ黹ΪѰŭˣŷְƲ̫Ծߵĺܿ죬Ƚ
֪岻
˲ʱ͵ɽ£ʱû
˵ɽ£ƾͲˡ
紵ķһЩֵζǲľ
תŲԶʣôˣǲǲұ㡣
һĵİƣҲˡ
̧֣ʾ⻪鲻Ҫ˵
֣˵ŲԶ
飬߲ˣߣϽȥү˵ˡƸоԡ
˭ˣ׷ʡ
֪ѣҲǵˣȥү¡
Уһ𡣡鲻ߣһ°ƣƿȥɫ䡣
ʲôʱˣ㻹֣ǽѵԴΪôˣһǵˣ˭߲ˣ˶û֪
Ūҡ·𿴵СҹԽ϶ƾǰС
ƿһ۲ԶߣҵȥүҪңҲµġ
ߣҵţҪһߡ
Уߣ߲ˣҲ˺ңж·׸ߡ
ҡ
ƺȻһ¡
ȻǰС
ߡ˵鿴һ۲Զͷ
һ
Ͱûûֻܿߡ
תˡ
һתԶڿ巢ʲôܸолҳƺɨ
ƶ׵ϣڵѾܽˣܲˡ
һ·óֱۣ̽ȸ˿ֹۣóҩ
ϵ룬°˿ڡ
Χһᣬ˵ɡ
˵ʱ˴ӲԶĵطߵǰ
ԷǸˣʮңһѽ
ƿŶԷ㶼ˣ
ԷһЦˣȻô࣬⣬Щڣ֪ỻʲô
һЦ
ŶԷȥԷѰƷȥѽγŰƣҪץ㣬練ơ
ԡ
ְ̧ڲϵĽϣᵯһ£һɻɫӽɢԷ֣ʲô
̣ɱˣ
ԷĽɿѵһڵϣϵĽѪŭɵ˫ۡ
ΧһۣŽȥǰ档
֣ڵϣĿעǰѾ
ʮˣϡ
Ϊ׵˴ŹߣźŮӡ
עˣȻ¶ˣ
£
̴˳ƣѰΧ
ֻǿһڳˣտ
һһӮ˷ߣӮҸߡƿŰ
Цĵ⣺㣿
ƵȻ򲻹ҵġ
˵ʲôɫ
ɺƽ㿴ϵˣҵĺܲңҲˡ
Ϊô˵Ҿ㣬ˣһأΧ˿ûҵ顣
ȥˣ
ƣôȣ
ܻôȣʹ¡Цĺƽѽָ񣺡ǿʼɡ
˵̫³çˡ
ӣҵĶ֡˹ȥýס˴
ʼռϷ磬Ŵţʽ任񾹰
׼ʱһȥ˫ۣŵˡ
ɱģҪɱ
˲䵽˸ǰһ߿ơ
ƵڵϣһѪ
̳˳ȥס
վߵߣ϶ǺŹȣ𾪣ƾȻô˲õĽ
(δ)

߰ 

ôûߣƿ鵣
㲻ߣôߣŰ
˶ӣתˣߡ
飿ȥ
ǹuͣǵùu͡
֮ǰǻСʱ
u˵㳤ˣƯ
ߣȻɱ㡣
齣ָuͣu͵ΧһȦ鿴һЩˣu͡
飬ֻһ㻹ѡ񡣡
¡ȻȻ
óҩֹѪվȿuͣҵĶԹͻûϵߡ
ƣ֪ööҲûáuߣҪȥҹuͣס鵲һ»顣
ߣж˭Ҳˡ
鲻ߣ˿飬ոսӴ͵ˡ
u˵ù
ȥùŭuͣ˺飬ҽ˶һӡ
uͣ£ãܱʲôûеĺá
񿪹תȥһ飬鿴ż㿪
ֱȥѻ˵ڵء
һգڶ
£
ڶȥѾ˽ס
һ˴һ˹ת˸䵽ϡ
ͷһ۰ƺͻ飬Ц£ү
㻹үҧ޼ˣۼˣ
תȥuͣû뵽
uһЦܰ
㶯˱ԣ˴ĽɽԣΨöŮˡ廰䣬Χ˿ʼ£uͿһۣмġ
һЩѸΧǶͰġ
סͣӣߡ
uͿһΧȥ
ԥһ£׼һͷȥ
uһŤͷܡ
壬һոҪɱƵ֧ڹ֧ɱ˹u͡
uʹϵ̳ȥ˸ǰ֡
壬һץ
ɽϣת뿪
ӣô죿
ҪǻȻǡ
ûץˣתȥƣס֣˾Ϳ˹ȥ˱𣬿һۻ飬ûᣬֱ뿪
صҽѾˣܸҽҲŵòᣬƱԺҽжŪˣܸҽֻҲ֪ʲô
ҽƼ飬˰졣
ʦȫǶˣ˿ڲϣΪȫĶ
̧ͷҽΪ˿ڲϣ
šҽʶ㣬֪Щ
ƿŹҽûа취ˣ
ûС
ƿ壺үһû£ֻҪҵԭ򣬾ͻû£İɡ
ʲôģƲˣɱ
үˣϢһ¹壬̲˵ˣŰȥǳء
ʦˮ
ҽһҪŰȥϴ裬æ
͸ûƵģȥǳء
ŹϹ屧Űȥϴ裬ȥ£ưȷסţŸϴ衣
§סڻһ߸ϴһ߳񣬰ۣſĻ˯ˣȥ˰Ѿ˯ˡ
˲ɾźã̸ǣ¿ơ
ƽͰƣ˽Źųȥ
⣬ҽһ˹ȥʦôˣ
ҽȻʹ󣬵ȴǸʦصˣ£˭ż
忴۹ҽȷﶼǶָ
š
ȥۻ겻Ļ飺ٽȻȥիﱾ˲ˬһ㣬Ѿû£˯ˡ
ɫã壬һͻ˵ҪΪޡ
ɫ˳Թˡ
תߡ
ϸƵ涼ˡ
ôˣƽվһߣ˫һ𣬱ϹϾӡ
ƽһ£Ҳ֪ʲô
ڿ϶鷳֪飬ЩºγԵ֣
ŮǰˣѵӰͰ㲻ô
ӺͰദʱ䣬ô
ûŮҲˡ
仰˵Ѿȥʬ壬Ӽˣô񣬲дľǽˡ
ǹ͸ɱ˱Ůţ
ƽ㲻˵ˡ
ƽƸ˸Ǳӣ˵ԼǣˣǰӣҲɡ
ܿģûˣʲôûˡ
Ա㣬ƽˡ
ƽ˵ȥ棬ȥ˼Ŀ⿴òѵ
(δ)

߰ һ

һᣬۣ˹
ƴӴ

˵Űɣ㲻ʲô
ƿţҲǺܲˣ
һᰲƣܺƶԻô
š
˵Ը⣬ҿԸ׵飬û֮󣬾ȥҰɡ
û¡ƻǸжġ
һһǺɣΪ˺ɵģġ
ûȥҾͻˡ
˵갲ˣƿŷŹϣĿڴͷֿ̧һõ˿ڣ뵽ҽ˵ģȥ򣬵ȼ͹ȥ濾á
ŵʱ򣬰ں濾ߵǰû⣬Ѿܱκ⵽ˣֻۡ
ôʣҡͷ
ۣһЩүҰȥҵôҵҲа취
أʲôԭɫͺܲ޲ðԭɱˡ
Ϣˣһֱûãʱͺˡ
ȲˣʲôʱҪ˵˵
ƱﲻסЦһ£Ūҩҩϸ۲ЩҩۣʼĥҽĻΪо綾ãҪԶأ
ƵĶĶպˣⶾ⣬ֻбҪϰѶ⿪סء
ֱȥҩʼ׼
үңҪҩ
ָӣææʱŪһҩưҩͿĨƤ棬ֱľڣɢһЩ
ãȥϣ½ܸҽһ롣
ܸҽߺƲϢ
һϣ˿ڿȻûö٣ǼЧˡ
ү㿴ư忴һ¡
ˣһ춼ֺǺǵġ
˿Ŷ}ûţҲ֪үôˣʱһأܼĲ飬Ͼͳױˡ
Թֿһ˿ڣֺһЩѾʼˡ
ҽİƣ粽ĸš
ʦ岻ǺܺãСҽǾðôСͣͻǲ˶û֪
ҽңҺܸжҹٺһ㣬Ҿʹⶾ֮
ҽͣ£ȥƣʦ㲻ƭң
ƭƺ棬ڽʿ˽⣬ڽˣЩ嵨ġ
ҽȻ󣬵ĸ鱾ǸˣȻҲ
ѽⶾ֮ڸҽҲġ
ţƽˣӡ
ƽæ񣬰ʣôôż
үͻˡ
ôִˣ顭
뵽ɽϵ飬ƱˣչгرƢǻȥ£һǲܵġ
ȥƽ͹ҽҹȥ
ǡ
˵ի͹嶯֣ƺס֣һƹȥˤһӣº㱻õѺס
飬ĽסţʿҲںÿͣȾϲ⣬ӵˣȻϲ̤벽ȥǰԼ䣬˼ңøס
壬ȥǰ棬ȥһҲǺ۸ġɫԽѿ
ƿۻ飺ٽ⼸ոϵӹңȻȥȹոϵӰһЩҲ٣ʱһү˵¡
ڸҲģӸңҲɳˣ˼棬Ŀʱ򷴵鷳
ƣߡˡ
ƺΣΧ˶ƣƺһЦ
˰ٽͻؽȥٽڡһ£鱻ֱˡ
ߣ黹ԸĿŰƣŪðꡣ
ƻ˲ɣҧʰơ
üһۻ飬˰죺үû˼ˣɴ׺óԣ
ߣסƵֵͷȥǿŲ˳ۣʵϵЩ£ڡ
зһ£²Ͼһˡ
˸ߣҲɢˡ
ŰƣȥԺǱߣƱ˵үةฮȻˣЩõ£һѡ
˵һŰƣֻԭЩġ
ƺЦүֲҩġ
(δ)

߰ ү

ֲҩģͣ˶˶ӣɫ࣬ŰƵֲҩҪһļţһƿأֻ
үлֱ˵ƵЩ⣬ȥֲҩĵĴ㡣
ƣ
תѰƴ˳ȥɽҰƱǰȴͺŵˡ
Ȼأȴƶ񤣬ãɳʯҪֲܶ࣬ׯҲԶķˡ
үܻġЦЦġ
һࣺкܶ࣬ǲʳҲֲҩǱײɣֻš
δءȥǰ棬ץһѵϵĻһ¡
ȻֲĲҩԿģɳֻҪ̻߰꣬ƶ񤡣ƼԿ϶
һ£
û
ǣô̫Сˣ
үôҲܴ󣬿ľݽĲϣֳǺöһЩףǺöҩ
үֻҪ㹻ӣѿѵĵطҶܿѣֻ
Ƶʱ⣬һأ
ƣʲô
һЦҲûʲôµģֻǾûЩࡣ
ȷʵôģΪ˹Է¶ϵ۵ĳɼֻΪƭ˵˸š
ûһ۰ƣбڣ˭Ҳơ
үͻƭңȻүô˵ˣҲҪչͼȻ᲻Щӣһϣүֻæүģѵһ졣
һˣ
ȻǣһҪҵģǺܺƭˡһЦøõһҪòС
岻ã㻹ƭɣϲȥƭˡ
үûʱ䣬еôࡣ
࣬Ҳʱơ
ãүš
ƿЦȴܿƣȻӿƿˣʵϵͳûչ
ҲԭҪһѶϢطʲôˣֻĵţҪ顣
ջȥƾͼƻҪ飬ȴӹĴƬ֡
ʹʹ٣رǹء
˹ͼֽ֪ضƶ񤣬ûʲôôڿϷ˷ͷйĴ㣬ȴûĴôͶǻĵء
ЦлɽɽҲǿȦɵ㣬ȻҲûֲûֲܻͬߡ
иֵ뷨ϵ۰Ѵвõɽʹ͸˹塣
үȷЩĵ⣿Ʒſ֣ɡ
忿һߣһʵӣȷʵһ⣬ֻʳǺܱˣҲûԸˣŻķˡ
Ƕأ
֪Ρ
Ī˵ǶǾ̫ةฮˡغ̹
ƺǺһЦôô˵ϻһͬʵġ
ǰɡ忴˿ͼֽҪЩأҪ֣ǲǴý֣
үĿãùҵٺ»ȥΪԼıɲá
ôˣ񽫾ڼҲţһǧԸɲٵ飬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ʹˣˡ
ƿɲɡ
һ⼸鲻ãҲͷ˼ˣʿֵصˣҪֵҲĲ̣οҲδػ֣ʮ͵̵ˣÿͱΪ飬ûֵأֵصıӦö˻ˣҲ޳ȥ
УǴİϾĺܶ࣬ðգÿÿոǵӣǾ㣬Ҳܶһ£ܹҵԳаˣԳаǡ
ҲãһҲ顣˵
үýĲˣ
һѰƵȻ֪ƴ·ȻҪ·ҩȥ׬ȡӲС
ү»ҪúÿǲУӹȻҪʳҲҪҩĵײܵԣӸܡ
ҵֻʳ޻á
ƽοƽʱ
үʣɲ֣ү㲻֪ЩҩǴ⣬Ǿүϲ⣬ѹǡ
½Ҫ
峺עŰƺЦƣ㣬պô
סһЦͰ˵ģƳ棬Ҫ⣬δǱģǽ£ҪҲƣͱкθϵ
ү㡭
뿪ɵӣǾñɵӣ
үˣ޷ǲүͷ¶棬ү棬ѹүԸү粽УǰװЩزʳҩҲܵԣү̻ȥЩ
üȥ޸ûõүǲǺί
ү
ǹƣֻǲΪүͷҪָ
ү˵Ҫ
Цʱˣûһ۰ƣתȥ
(δ)

߰ ľ޲

³һ춼ûˣƵϲſһζ
̵ˣоҰ⣬źĶ
廻·Ʊŵˡ
ʲôζƿѯʣѾȥ
ȷζء
ʣôζŵ
ʲôѣֻҪž֪ˣүôŪˣǴ
УҺܶ࣬ѾˣʼˣҪ
үʲô
һ̡̣˵ѾŰȥǳˣƸŹȥûع
ˮƱŵʯͷϣȥ˵Ʒҩģⲻ֮ϣ
ҩĿȡ֮ɲУѱ˱ˣʱǴҪսûбˣ
뵽ˣԱʮڻڣоҩ
ү
Ʋƻ̬ﱾͲãȲѣڣԺһ֣֮൱ڸıʷķչ
ǸƽʱյĳʷãҪǸأ
ӱƽǿֻһʱڻڵ飬ƲЭ
˴ǳسȥ֣ϲ¡
Ѿ˯ۣ°ɫүǲˣ
ʱˣո棬ƺű㣬Ͽˣ
һ죬ݺݵһ۹壺Ҫ
ǲҪǰαҪ
꣺ڵ飬˵ͲүǺúȻԺðɡ

Ҫ뿪ȥȥ
ȥʹ󱦱˯
!һҪߣæϴתȥ塣
ȷʵˣûȥ
ƣȷʵˣЪŰɡ
ȥŪڣȻҾ㿴вѾ˵òŪ⵨̫ˣһŪͻ£˲˵Ľݻȷˡ
ƵĽݻв壬ܵǡ
屧һ·ȥѵãջٽЩòС
һ磬Ʊȥˣƽ߷˹ء
ƽⷽҲǺ˽⣬ưҲϣڵðƷġ
Ͷص˽Ķ࣬ǰҲһЩص飬¸պ֮ء
ưص˵ã˼ЩؾֳܹҩҲþȥοķ½ϣƶģҩõҪط࣬ҪܶҪǼʯͷ
ֻһ£ÿ¸һӣÿ˶ٷڱͲùˣĿһᰲ˸㣬㵽ʱҶ˾ͳˡ
飬ƽס
ְȥ£֪׼쿪
ȻԽԽãҲżһҪʱֻȥ죬ӵԺƽÿ˵ǮҪĩԷ黹Ҫ԰
ְ֪ˡ
ƿƽƽôأ
ӵľǶԵģƽᾡΪ
ǾͿʼɣ쿪ʼͰҹ滮ȥƽ¶ʲôطҪصʣԿҪÿ챼úչˣߣѰ£˸ңҲϲ̫ˡ
һ⣬ҪǱ֪θ롣
ѹֽǴѰ滻ȥˡ
֪ˡƽӦ
æµһգưŻȥһȥ˵ľ޲ص飬̫ƽΪľΣ˲Ͻ
ľѾ乬Уϳ
Ƶʱ򣬹̫Ҳڣ̫һߣľ޵֣վһߡ
̫˵Ÿʲôǰ
Ƽæǰľӣ˳ٵ
ľͣƲȾһЩɣˣ
Ʋģˣǲ֪ô
ľһЦ԰׵϶ӣƲţľ޲ʮꡣ
ٵҸ㿴
סľ޵֣ɨ裬ˣż¡
ͷƿ壺үϢã
ҽͲ٣࿴ĳǿҵõӦοҽɨ裬УֻƤë
˵ҽ
̫ʣô£
˵ǰˣһֱûã岻ãһЩҲ鲻ˡ
żޣ̫һƿ޳ҲһܾȻԽҽʵҽѾҩɾˡ
(δ)

߰һʮ  Ҳ

ҽ߶µ˵̫ٵʱ޶ˡ
˵ʲô̫ɫˣҽæſͷ
ȥɡҽݣȥ
ľ޿̫󣺡̫Ҳذɣˣ˵˵
̫ȥ档
Ҳ뿪ˡ
һ߰Ʊ˵ҵĴѧղһҽоͨ͸Ҳˡ
ǣһôңҲȻľһЦࡣ
ҲκˣΨ㣬ƣϲһȻթƻ㲻Ҳûкңϲ㡣
ƿľޣүָòˡ
֪ΪʲôƺȻ޲ˣҲģֻľޣûбġ
ľ޻ͷûʲôɸµģԭϲĶ͸ɣҵʱóҲãҪǲϲˣҲС
ԭȾͻˣҪȥأҲ֪ںδأ
ľ޿һ۰ƾҪ´ƷӴ˴˳ȥ̫δ뿪ֻȺ
ʱºʹѾˣŮѾҪб
죬ʲô
̫ŭ·޲ס˿
ϵҲӵּľҲһԴľޱ乬һֱδ棬ľҲϼ
ϵľֻüһᣬȴû˵߲ˣ乬
޶ϵľޣҲ
ľһЦϣɺã
޺ã㲻ãҲϵ۵۹ľޣľＰܡ
뵽յ֣ϵͼ
ľȴ˵ľܲЩľ޵Ķľ޲ϡŰɣŸЩϲˡ
ľ޿ƣĿƣңңûҪҡ
Ƶͷľ޳ȥ
һƬ»ȻŮ˵˳˰ƣ˶Ҫ
ľ޸˵һЩﴵᣬ̹壬ǻģСʱҵҪȥ˵ҪǻᴵҾ͸ȥɫʲôõģֻϧ᲻ãˣˡ
ľ˵ЦЦЦĻܿģμľ޵ʱľʵϲģʣľޣǲǻϲү
Ҫң˵ǻǲأľ޿һ۰ƣİƷˡ
ɲôôشأ
ǰһֱҪ޸壬һȷʵϲвʣҵķΪΰ·ء
ƣҲ֪Ϊʲôˣϲˡ
ŮڴطԶаӣ󣬵ͷҲ³
غһ³
أͲһϲǰô㣬񻹲ΧתһŮ˺һʵҪ˵ˣҿžͽ˸Ůˡ
㿴Ǵ̫󣬵ȻʶɣɵͷأȢôȢ˲ˣŮҲһȺɣ
˰Ů˵·Ůȴ˵ɿɽⲻ֪ɽӵ··ȴңң
డްί˰
Ƶֽסľ޵֣˵Щʲô
ľһЦ
˵ҲãҪܺúõģҾܾˡ
ȣҪ˭ҲȲˣҾ徻ˣǵã˵ҲȥҾҪϵãľѳ˻£Ҫų꣬˭Ҳܾҡ
Ʋ⣺㻹
ľ˿ˣһ𻯣һѻҳʲôʣ£һһһҲҪˡ
ҪЩҪ˵ˣҼүû㡣ûȴڵѪ
ľ޺ǺһЦã
ƿľޣʣ˵ģ㲻˵Ȼϲүô
ȷʵϲس£֪ҪϲƽܣұϲƽˣʵҲϲͰɣص۹ģұԧ˹
ұϲϵģɺϺһﾹĪĸоȻһѣ˵Ҳ֣ҵġ
ǰͤȥ¡
ľŰƵ֣˵˵ϲʺǵĻʺ󲢲ϲһˣǸ˲ϲġ
ƿȥѾµľҪ˵ġ
ľ޵˵ͷƣҪúõģúõĲźãһģϲܵܵŮˣݣοΪ
ľޡ
Ȼû˵֪ơ
ľŰƵȥʣ˵
黢ĻǸˣǶԻʺ飬ǻʺҲƭˣʺأ
ˣҪʲô˭֪أ
š
Ƶͷľ޺ЦᰡҪˣԭָоأ
ľ῿ڰƵļϣ۾ұҪˣһǵҲ´߳Ǻڰĵط㶼֪һˣĥ£
ľ޵ֽſһˣҲ
(δ)

߰һʮһ а

һգۣ͵ߵľޣѾȥˡ
ľ޵һлҪ˵ôȥˣģ϶ߵģǲǣ
ľ޵ɫ԰ףΪ̫ݣʮһ̲סޣôŪȥŹ㣬˶˵ҪִŲϣû뵽
ӲԶľ޵ӣԸٵ졣

ƻͷȥĿ䣺ˣٵߡ
һżˣľޣ¡
˫۱䣬Űȥŭӹ壺ߡ
ֹȥ˰ƵѨǰһһߵȥļ̌ߡ
̫ƫȻ˴˳ȥ
̫վڵվţм飬ƹ̫ܳתȥŽţɫ˳ɺͳ׼Ь
ȥȡЬ£롣
ƴЬæȥʣĸľأ
Ҫȥȥɣ乬ģߵС̫˵𻯣ʱѾˣ乬Ǳߡ
æų乬Ǳܣ̫乬Ǳ߿ȥҲ̲ס˼ᡣ
æ˵̫󣬷ǻذɡ
̫ҡͷվһɣľһֱڱﳤ󣬱ԼŮȥһ̣￴ɡ
ǡ

һ˿޵۾ˣҪȥľһ̣̫ʮֲãڹϿϱ˼ϱϵһֱǸԽ飬ǵǺã͸ĸŮһ޵ġ
̫ûĿһ۶Ҳߡ
˶ĸҲó棬ҪĸȥˣԵȥˣޣӣ̥ҲãҪܣڹ⿴ɡ
̫Ϊ˶㿪ˣȥ˳﹬
﹬̫̫밲ȥߡ
ڰ
ôˣ
̫ǲ̫ģվǲϲ
㡣̫ĸΡ
̫ȥȻһЦĪ˶ȥˣ޿Ҫȥ
Ӣ
̫Ըģ̫ſһۣ˵һӶû㲻ϡģȻڵʱ򣬵ǱеҪһϱҲҪ˲ˡ
ǳζͶõĴ
ǱĴ
ȻҲǡ
̫һһʶע乬Ǳߵ죬Ǻģⰲ
ϧľһƬˡ̫·𿴵Լ麦ˡ
ЩȻʻôĺá
̫һЦ빬
̫ȥɫã롣
Ŷ
̫ЦҪǱأ
ǽ㲻ɱãǲʹ졣
̫˵תˣ̫ȥһ
ת̫ȥʣ̫󣬻ٽҪ빬ô
û̫˵ôС
̫Ҳˣٲܹˡ
ܵ乬һƬľ޵Ѿսˡ
ľޡ
Ƴȥڶ棬Ըȥסס˰ơ
Ʊǰ屧ʱȼգѾ˲ճɻҽˡ
ǵŻ̫ߺˣǰĴסˡ
ܣ֪ľȥˡ
˵סҪҪ²źá
ϵ۾һţһֱʧʣһƬҽΪֹ
ϵ۹Ͷˣ뿪ˡ
뿪ȥϵĻҽһͷˡ
ת壺Ҹط˰ɣ
ˣѵϵĻҽ
æʰǿһЩŻҽƳ
ʹŰȥϧùĵطһǰѻҽ

忴ȥҲö
Ƽ֮ɽˣɫ˵ɽȻ˹Ǳߡ
Զƿȥ˵ɣľأ
һ£ʣľ޲ɽϣ
үʲôҲ֪
ƿľȷʵʹľ޸ͰǷֿˣҲûãͻˣϡ
Ȼ֪ôЩȴɡ
𻯵˲þľޣһоΪ˶Ŀ
סƵ֣ڣҪĵģƲ췴ʱĻᶼûС
֪ûоͺáĴʯͷ£ʹ壺ľأ
Ȼȥ㻹ҸᣬȻõ
š
֪ľ޻ţͷˡ
ǰҲǰľŪߣǼû뵽ȱˡ
ȥ·ϰʣүΪʲôʱ£Ҳ
ƿ޵ıȻ棬οƴʱ⣬ʺϾˣҲȲˣǻᡣ
˵еҲٶʡ
(δ)

߰һʮ ˰

պƸŹһţȥصģƻ˲ٹߡ
;У˵ȥж٣Ҫȥһĵطƻȥ˵߲Ϊѵȥ
ɽƾ͸оΧˡ
Χһ£ڲԶվƳǱߣȻһµİغһµľޡ
иˣǰҲˡ
ƣľһЦӲãϢգĺÿ죡
ɲǡƿһľޣȥأػӡ
ء
ѾܸˣҪľ뿪ʱﲻٻˣ˵岻ãҲ㣬ҿ
ؽ˹ȥϵİؿϸһ˵ӦóˣѭãһҲܵ𺦣ھ㣬ĻϲȥҲȼü֮
мҩ裬ȷãÿһţĻܣָܻ˵ϣҪûָҲû£ҹʱ㣬£ұ
һȥ֮оһ壬㲻غ£
ܼѾ㣬˵ʲô£
ƿľޣһʼ֪ǲ֪ģ
֪ұҲˣ¶Ҳ֪ΪԼ廵Ŀˡ
ô˵Ҳ˲żأ
ҺúõĻţ˵ʲôˣɥľûһ۰ƣѻ죡
ǣѻ죡¿أ߰ɣʱ䣬˷֡
Ҳд⣬ҩպáؽ£תˡ
ľһһ߻ͷƵǺƽѾοˣѵҪǾ˲źã
ľУܿ˾ʧˣתȥľû£Űˣ԰˵ϲ£ȥףһ¡
ֻ̧ͷŲõ֣үˣ
ҸøôߵƵǰס֣ת뿪
֣Ϊʲôˣ
һȥĿޣΪҪ᲻ãֱȴֻ˵˼仰뵽ˣǶԱΣ
гһյֿˣƵӣһתѱˣ
ү˵ǡЦĺܿģľûſĻҲȥԸϵˣҪġ
ֻǸƴպ
Ƴˣɽ·СĽŰơ
ֻǰԾ廹ϾȥʮԼȥȥġ
ˣΪʲôҪѹľ޻ˣȥϲһֱҪһⲻǺܺôӦøˣʲôѹģ
үǣϲһ˾Ҫߣǣϲһ˾Ҫ֡
ǲͬġ
ô˵ϲǵģػɣϲŮˡ
ֻǺЦҲش
ɽҪһЩ㲻ھЩ顣
ɽ£ȥǵ顣
հƵĹ滮һյҪɻĵطƿҪʮˣ˻ǾģСֻʮһ꣬ÿ˶Ϊ˳ԺģҲ˵ӵ飬ٷ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
͸߰ƣЩвٶǽֵˣûûȣԽԽùɻġ
ؤֳһ飬бô
ǡ
հ죬һЧǺܺã˲ʳҲżڶͺ˲٣ԴũѣµȥɻЩطŪ͸˵ôŪһȥҶϲƣࡣ
۵Ҫȥſڵţƴ˹ȥ
Ҫ˵һ̵ģв֪ĵ
үڣʲôүɣˡߣ㵲ŰƵȥ·ߵסǱǱߵס
ͣȥҪʲôȥ·㶼ǻĲͷˡ
ΪҪһұĲãӼһҪߣ˲ˡ
ͣ£Ǳ˼Ҳؾ
ΪҪ뿪⡣
˵ɣˡˣŲߡ
¡¡
ƻͷһƵİ룺Ϣһ£һ½㡣
̧ͷҲδ˵ȥΣǱȥġ
֮ǰΪ͵£˼һͺѻˡ
ƻȥϢ
ϲƽҪ޳
ҲЩˣ˵ӦҪһֱţʣңǲкܴô
ҡȷʵãЩ
ʲôطȻڶ˵ҲҪչûҪʱ򣬵飬ҾãΪô
ƴһҶˡ
ίԵ޹ʵľͱˣһ뵽Щˣ
(δ)

߰һʮ С

һӣʵƣûϢ
Ҳˣ㷴Ӧƽɣƽúô㣬һصģҪƽˣٻ㿴ΣƼѯʣѾˡ
̧ͷҪѧˣǲǾܻ
£ҪͲ
ҿ϶ִ֡
Ҳ˵ˣҪޡ
úѧ
ޣתˡ
ȥ󱦱ŵʱ򿴵˵ķ滹ûϨƣƱʹ壺˻ȥ
˵ϲסôһʲôطˣʲô˶
ƿ۹壬ȥ󱦱ӡ
ʱϴ棬ƲŰϴ¡

ƽȥк㱧ż󱦱棬С廹ӣС쾫񣬰Ͱռ˰ƵĻڰƵĻһֱš
󱦱ĽģΧſ
СϻͶβ͸һһֻҪСǾ
ƷֽС岻̫һʲô鲻뿪
һᣬСˡ
뿪ǰѼĽĲС
ŹϰƱŶӻȥصԺǱߣưѶӷ£ڵվţС壬ʲôʱվ
С嶢ŰƣСǰߣһ𾪣С壬
СߣưָɿСվסɫһŵſȥһѰѶģͷûƣŶ󣿡
ƷСԼߵģүûô
ûҲУţ֣ˤˣΣ
ү㲻Сˤ°Сˤࣿ
뷨ˤǵĺۣˤͲһˡ
屧Ŷ£вһ
ȻһүѲˤԺˣ
ߣĶӣȻҪͨģҲҪ
үӳ˲֪ΣһС峤þͲүڴأưС屧ȥŻ塣
ɫһ˵Ķӣǿεġ
ô
ϸС壬ȷʵúܺãҲô⡣
С£һͲ뿪СϻͲˣɫͲƣŵСϻͶ㿪ˡƶԼӣֵģǶӵ档
ҪǴԽģ϶Ҳþȡ
ܴԽ绹ʲôֵþġ
嵹ûãŶӵС֣ûá
ҲûáƶԶӵһ仯֪ģС尲֣С壬ʲôҪ˵ģ
С忴۰ƣҲӦ
ҲֻñСȥϴ裬ȻۣŶӾͲˡ
ϴ˴ĲãѾϰˣƿ㲻ˡ
һŲϡĹ壺үҪǲ˯ǾͲˡ
屻ߣæ·⿪ˣϡϳȥû˯ˡ
ѾµĶӣ˵СӦ˯档
ûһ۹壺˯мɡ
£ʮơ
ӸǺãС壬һһߺС˵С۾ȥ˯ˡ
˫ַԺţӺȣ㷭ȥƣƿ֣С˯š
ֻðûȥﻹǺơ
ţȵ˯ˣȥƣ뵽æһۣ᲻òŰѱӸƸϣһ׼Ъš
һᣬ͸оߵСˡ
Ӷ˶С۾ȥСͷ
ɫ֣С壬С忴Ƶ󣬰ƴʱѾ˯ˡ
С⿪Ƶ˿ȻһЩõĵطǺˡ
뿪ʲôСѾҧ󣬹ȥѪ
СŵϣѪεδڰ棬Ѫʼðһ㱡̡
Ŷӵ֣۶ӣǰơ
Ƶϣ忴Ŷӣ⺢ӵѪ棬ĻҪ档
ûжãƵ˿ѾϣСջ˿ڿʼϡ
嵹һںһſſŵĶβСϻС壺˯ɡ
СſڰƵϱ۾ССࡣ
ĸӰѱӸϣһҹûϢ
ϰ㿴˯§˯С塣
Ѹ屧Ŷ˯ĺܳƱ´׼ȥϴ˿ڣ˲תһ塣
װ˯˱ŶӲ֣С嵹۾
(δ)

߰һʮ д˺컯

ۻˣһû͹˵ǰСҲˣüﲻʺС壬ڲġ
׼ţ̺һЩԵĶƴСȥϡ
ˣÿ˶ܻԭߵĲݵ飬Ѿģ
ƱС£ǰĻ档
С岻ϲЩǱŵģʼն˯״̬
Էˣһôƽ°ŵ˽а㣬ǸŮˣʮ߰ӣŴ綼кӣ˵Ҳ䣬Ҵɫ
ƿһ۰㣬ȥǰ棬Է˾ۼһʮ֣ƵǱٻ
¸һԷǳԵĻ㲻вˣͷ⡣
ƸСԲԣ졣
֪⣬ͷҲͷ
ʣΪʲôʲôԣ
ϲĺȵ࣬عǳԡ
һ죬Сһûˣ˯һ졣
ϻȥſڵһ屳ɫء
ôˣ
£ûʡ
ּҪˡ
Ŷ鸡꣬Ļˣǲ֪ʲôˣ
ǻ顣˵Ѷӱ˹ȥ̧ͷǻ飿
Ӧˣ뵽飬ƾΡ
屧ŶӻȥҪǲӦǺ˵ˣɲǴӦˣ
Ц˵ҪǲĻ
ˣչȥ
ƻԺһƣŹˣȥ
֮ǣ»ǴˣƺЦϵ۱Ҳûǡ
ǻϻּҪƽ¶ģֻҪƲͷǻҲҰǿӸ
Ƶͷ֪ˣүҲһˣϢɡ
ƣСջҪ£ҹһҹû˯͸һ٣
£ɫһүҶˣүȥ𴦰ɡ
սʥּȥʹûܽȥƾ˵һˡ
㻹ˣҪ㣬СôôƲ壬Լ˯ȥˡ
Ҫ˯ȥСʲô֪ġ
屧Сȥţǲˣסӱϲȥ
Ůûûģӡ
ĿЦã·ϡϢˡ
תȥѶӱȥϴϴӳһࡣ
Ա㹬˵С峤ҪУô죿
ûİһۣȥС嶼ȥС
Իȣ㿴廳⺢Ǵתɽġ
С츳ǳܱȣԻҲûʲôҲˡ
С壬˯ˡ
һ߸ĸӸ˸Ǳӣ׼Ϣˡ
忴ſڣ
ү鵽ˡ
ȥ˵
ͷһĸӣ뿪
Źʣ˵ɡ
£ת뿪
ȥϷ뿪ˡ
վھӸǱ߳õôȥǽˣ˼ҷ飬ȥǲǲã
˵˵Ȱ䣺ò绨ȷʵÿĺܣҲûƷҪ׷ҪһЩ͵ǽ㲻ˣ˼ҷ˯
͵ȥˣûС壬ȥ˭˵ȥǽˣɫơ
ҿ
˱ҪϢˣҪ¡
Ƣãһתˡ
صסƵĿСǣСǴʱڿ飬æվʦСˣ
Сǿ˿ñСƭˡ
ȥʱСС壬ȥ˭֪¡
鵱˵ʦձˣȹ
С֣һ⣺ʦΪҪߣ
Сѹ
ƣʲô
ʦߡСصĿˣ˰СǲŲˣ˵һЩ˵ĵ
СǺˣ˵ʦҪȥҰľ˵ʦҪߣһģҪ׼öණС
Сǿˣ鱶д
С뿪͵ԺԺ㱻ˣʱ廹ûϢֻˡ
˭棿
ʵСǱ˵ҡ
·׵иӵģŮӱˡ
СȻڹУˡ
Ź㿴ſڡ
ҹСһ¡
Сǣ˭۸ˣȥĿͳСǶŹ忴۾ˮģˡ
һˬˡ

СǱ˻ȥŹɱڣ׼˱ȥˡ
ţһӣЦСĺҲ컯ˡ
(δ)

߰һʮ Ͷ̥Ľ

СǿƱҪСǷˣСǵССǣôˣʲô
СӣҲޣǼٿ޵ġ
֪϶Ƿʲô飬ͷţСǲǸçײˣô϶ԭģ˵ɡ
СǰѷȻҪߵ߰ƺ͹壬֣úõΪʲôҪ뿪أ
ʦ˵ݣΪʲôҪߣСǲ֪
ɫһø飬͵˵
ƿһŭôˣ
ûô£СǱȥӸСǲ˲Сǣкδ㣬ס£
СҡͷҸʦ˵ҪȥҰľģɣһҺͰľҪȥ˵ġ
ƿСǣСǣʦߣ֪
С˰죺ʦǸ֮ˣںľС壬Ҹ˵С岻ںǷƣʵǿܷƣС岻ڣһȥұ˵Сʱǻˡ
ʦ˱㲻ˣ˻˵͵͵ˣ˵ǻ£ȥأ˵ҪߵĻ
Сǣȥձ˵С岡ˣߣҪˣҲǿ󣬱Ͼϵģ֪ҪԸûжԸѾǲˣҪ⣬Ȼٹֵˡ
С֪СȻȥˡ
СƲȥСǣСߵſ˵Ȼȥһ˻ȥɣȻ˿
СǣСǣ߱أ
ûбˣùѾˣҴǲ㣬ҲԱԼԲߡ
Լԣ⡣
һöһⶾǸѧģҵҶǵãʦߣû˺ҡ
֪ˣСȥɡ
С뿪ת壺ȥˣ
ѵô
ƻص£үǲǾãǲǰżˣôطôã
建ȥɻȷʵˡ
ƣǱУڱУҪҪȥɱйޣˣܲŲʣ
үķ½֮ĹˣҲ˵Ǳǿ׳ʣֻһүأ
ҲôˣɱˣǱͰɱ
Ҫأִ򲻹
˵ĶʵƵˣҲǡ
ү˵һǸжģϾĽ߲ƣǱ׷ˣҪǲӣǲܰݰɡ
ҺүһģүܷģҪˣҲүġ
΢΢һ£Щţƣ㵱棿
ƿ˯ŵС壺ү֪ʨô
ҡͷ֪
оֶֶģʨǲԭ֮ʨһȺһֻʨ˲࣬һ˺ܶ檣ͬǣ˸Щ檣ʨǣһץʨԣʨǸ䣬ĸʨУӶСʨӣ׳Ⱥ
ʨҪʨΪ˱Сʨӣʨĵ̡
һԭʨȥʨһȡ֮ȻҪ֮ǰСʨӶɱһֻ
䣺Ľһõƣ˱ͻɱ˱ĺӣ
ᣬϾˣҪԵġƻͷС壬ֿ塣
ǣүĶӣأ
ûĶӣҪҪɱ˱ĶӣѾ뵽Ļˣɫ
ƺүĸʨһȥӣʹǻΪһֻʨСʨӣȥԣʨԡ
Ϊʲô
Ŀ䣬⣬ƻ
ʨĸʨСʨӣĸʨͲ뿪ˣǰȻʹǰҲġ
ƣߣѵˣ
ƺЦүҪǵˣһ취ӣȻĽݻûɱ˺ǵʱɱڰѺǽƽˣȥ
ǰƵĳŵҲԹĽ
ģ˵ֻ
ġ
תƣסƵ֣ô
үԡ
ԣš
ƣȥˣǴӳʹڵģܲͶ̥ʱˣ
ڴ£ƣͶ̥Ҳᣬôȥ
ǿ׳ټĽݵҪޣһȷʵĶ֡
(δ)

߰һʮ 칫۹

ĸкЦôͲܰӳʱಡң˵϶ѡ˺ܶ࣬һʵŶԣѡһѾ˽ķ½طˣѡ׼ʱ䣬ҪȻǸ̫ǰ͵ͷӣǺܿ͵ˡ
͵үүݵ£Ҳݲ¡
ԣҪ㲻ưոݡ
ʣʦ
úõʦ͹ˣԸ⣬ҪɱɷҪҺӣҼҪʦʲô
һЦ뱧ơ
ȥ屧ڻ
屧ŰЦ£СֻΪˣǵһΪ˱أ
ǻô
ƿƣˣϢɣƹľͲƹˣʨҪĸʨСʨӣᱣǡ
š
ȥţһ߿
Ʊ۾ȥס֣үҰǿôǿ㱣ǣʨӡ
֪
ʣӿɺˣ
öˣԣܿ˵Ĳˣϵͳڻָֻǲ֪ЩΪʲôԭûг֡
Ҳʲô˿ϾȻͿʼָϵͳܶԭ򣬼ԭӰ޸ԭû֣ϵͳѾƻˣ޷޸Сϵͳʼָˡ
˵ƣѧҽѣ㶮ô࣬úѧϰҪ̫˼ŵֲҩϣʱѧҽպҪϵͳ
֪Ҷڿҽ顣
㿴ˣ
岻ţû
ѾˣÿնڿֻûѣѧҶҽЩֻǲͨԭϵͳҲ룬ڲһˣүģò£Ҿͨ
ҽ˵ǶѣҪͨ澭Ҫ֪อλãԵĹ΢С仯УֻҪ׼ˣҹȥѧģ⡣
ǾͺãǴҪǲβˣһܼįҲơ
š
ѵôɣȴѹء
Ϣһùɫãס󣬰סŤͷһߡ
һվš
ƿһ˵Щĸ꣬㡣
ţ
ɫţż꣬ĵ
˵ϲ˯ͨ㵱ʲôô
⣬ңһһѵԼã
ƺ˵ûоá
㣬Ųţ
ˣ˵Ҫ˵õĺܣ£Ƹոţǿˡ
үտҹʱǲᣬۻǣȽŲƽ
һ˵ﻹС塣
忴һſڵСϻͶβҲ᣺Ҫȥܲܰѻˡ
˵깬ˡ
Ƴ緹ľͳˡ
Ʋһͽջ¡
ƴСȥֲĻأҰƣһƱ㼱æˡ
㿴ǱߵأһƬܺõģҪҪȥ
ȥ
ƱСȥȷʵһƬõأҿʲôܲ¿뵽ЩʲôطͷүֲүȲ裬˵ȵĲ費˼ҵĺãͷֳ
á
⼸վͿʼֲǲ֮ܲһ㰲ˣ֣д㣬㲻ܴ⡣
Щ˲þͻĵİ£ֲϽؤΧֵĶϢÿ׼һֻռһ˿ųһֻռ˿ҲһֻռһٸҲһֻռǵض࣬Ҫ˿ţؤͷ˵ҪԶĸǴ˽ˣҪԶģؤͷĿңҰ£Ҫ˽պͲˣÿһֻԱߡ
˼ǣͲװƵ
ǶˣҪǹ˳úˣҪģοȷʵӶˣؤǺͨģ㿴ľôִ
͵ͷȷʵˡ
ƱСȥյͿСſڵš
Сæ˹
ƱŶӳС񣺡
ˡСǰЦģƿʥּСæ˵ȥּ
ãȥ档Ƴȥ˳СҲš
Сһˣû˲ڵʣ常أ
ھӸǱߣɡ
֪Сӵ˼ȻʥּǽҪ칫ġ
ʥּԭԱȻˣҪ칫ģ˼ɼ칫۹ⲻ˵ϸǰȴҲ
(δ)

߰һʮ ƭ

칫ʱæտ󱦱˽ŲţЩƣ˭£ŵǹϣһˡ
ɵСͨһˣվſڱһ
칫ˣסˡ
Сӣ
ɵˣӸͷˡ
棬ǰһȺ󱦱ʱ󱦱ǶſڵˣƽţСŵĻ۰ƣСģСʵڰš
ȥ칫칫æߵСӵǰ̧־ʹ򣺡ûõĶôôڻϸǰ㻹ҵܣ㲻ҪˣǲҪԴ
Сӱס칫Ĵȿ޵ĲУŪСϻͶβһץ䡣
Ҫߵ飬ûСǺͰľƱ˵СӲʣ֪ôˣҪЩҩˡ
С岡ˣ˰֡
ļӶۼߣܸţͿ濿ҲС
칫Сӿޣȥ顣
ߵǰͷĬﱧһѽĲԸ
˵һȥߵǰţǰơ
ѹͽܿˣ˲
ȳȥ
ǲ뿴ľСǿޡ
ľС˲ᣬһȥˡ
ƽűȥ飺Ҫ뿪
ſţ˹ţ˹ţ˵¡
ȥ£û
Ļ棬Ҳ벻޻ǰơ
ҪɱûɱɣʮΡ
һҾҪˣʲô˵ô
֣ô
ıð̣޻޻Ҹȡ֣˵˭ˣ
Ҳû˸ȡֵģǸҾӦˡƵ
һƬ޻
ǳܵģ˵˵Ҫߵ顣ƾ͸֮ƵģӻһƱŵǰ
ЩҸĳѣʱ˲æǰҪɱûɱɣȻʧ˲٣ЩǸ⳥Цɡ
ڣһۺƱȱǮô
ǲȱǮһһ룬һңСΪͽǱЩΪ
ұŸܶסһʱ䣬СʮˣϱȢˡ
û뵽ҪˣСձ㲻Բһ죬ֻ˯Ҳ֪ôˣһʱòŸˣҪҲε顣
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪߣҼү˵ǣʹˣŻˡ
ô˵ģˣ뵽һСǸˡ
˵ֻǡΪҪȥ͵أүȥӱ˵£ұţոҪ뿪ѵ֪үָϷ͵ˣ
˵ڷϢģ˭֪Ժ˽Ǹ˴ӷȥùŹ֣ǲЩʲô
ŶԭˣǼȻˣΪλҪ뿪أ뿪үˣүҹ˵Ǹ뿪ˣ
ҹʾӣҳѲɻˣ
ŶԭˣǸʶĽݣ𣬷Щ졣
ʶ
Ǹͽܣ
ߣ޹ȻǺöĽݺͱǺιϵǱ飬Ǻθɣ
ĸ꣬룺ɱңǲĽݵ˼
ΪأҪɱ㣬ǻ᲻ϵãһȻһ񡣡
ô˵ҸɱҵˣҪôŲҪôǲϵңҲ֪ҳʲôӣԸûǮģ
ǸֱֱˣϲĨǵ˵˰ҲˣԸ߰ƣҪɱʲôҲ֪ǸŮˣֻ֪Щ
Ůˣ
뵽һˣʺ󡣡
ƼԿ϶
ȻʲôôҪôҲδص֡
֪֪˰սʤ֪˭ܹǺõġ
鿴ȥȷʵ֪˭ܵˣҽԭȱ£ֻǵӲУ壬ˣ£ҽԿףҲŻίɱ㡣
ɱ˲һŮˣ˵һ꽻ҲֻǼˣ಻֪
ԭˡöˣ֪˲ˡ
ˣôʶأ
ô֪һ䣬ڰѾ䲻ͷˣΪ̽
ˣȥС壬С岻Բȣ֪ǲǸ£ҹҺС˵˸Ҫߣˣ˵ġ
뿪ԭҪߣ˹ȥ
ƻͷ˿ʣҪߣҪҪʰһ£
ߣȥͽܣô
˵Ѿ˰һ˴󱦱ǰһɨŵС壬ȥСˡ
ľСǣߣ
ľСǿƣˡ
ͣ£뵽һƱСǿǧպã
(δ)

߰һʮ Ĳ

ߺСӲżæʥּƽּСӸ칫뿪ˡ
칫ߺҲ׼ʣʱʲô
ʱҪƿҲϢүû֪ǲ¡
ûˣʱ˯ҲãһƵˣۡ
ЦҺˣ㿴
ưδˣֻʣ㻹ûз
ûУʱûУģһж˵õˣƲ˵
ʱǺЩ˵СЩµĻͻߵȥǡ
ƻǸжģͷţ֪
ƳŽſڱ㿴壬Ź壺үĪһˣ
Σǵһ죬͵ȵĲͷĸˡ
ûﲻʹ壬ɫһͷڰƶ˵˼䡣
̣үȥúõûˡ
š
Ŵ򿪣ŹֱҪȥſڵС̫æɫһ˭
С̫ŵú˹򵹵ϣ巴ŰƵֽ
С̫æŹͰ˵ȥ
ߡ
ŰƱߣĵ⹬ȻһЦϣˡ
С̫æȥ棬ûãŴ򿪣˽ȥ
ϵ۴ʱŰƣϵһ£ϵʣôҲˣ²˵ˣ˵
Ʋμϡſ֣Ƴϵ
ϵ۴ǰֵͬˡ
˵㺦˻ʺҲẦ㡣ϵ㹻ֱӣƲ̧ͷ
ȻҪǲأ
ɲ㣬齫˵Ҫ޵ȥԸ⣿
Ը⡣
忴ȥʱ˵ô
Υүαִţ
㡭
ֱҧ
Ʊˣл¡
ϵۿ壺Σ
ϣ
岻ϣϵ۲Ÿˡ
ɣȥ׼һ£պӭȢţҲּ
лϡ
վһ۹˳ȥ
ո˳ĵĵ㴫ʲôѵͷҲصˡ
ĵֹˣתߡ
ڹȺ򣬹һ԰Ѱ˹ȥʽţ죺֣
˭֣Ĳᡣ
һڹ壬ϣһŭʱˡ
ˡ
§סү㣬Ҫ
ڹ˵ͷš
˶һƱһޣˡ
ſڵĹܼҵԺİ
ƽҲ֪ôһ£ͿƿŻȻԸţҪǶȥӸΨƽǴӣƽƵģܿ춼Ų˽ǾټҰǨȥ˽
ɫѿ֪ΪùȢ飬ּӱŹޡ
ȻŮиңڰУκ˲۸ơ
Ʋίؽ޳ɵġ
ҲΪ¸ȥ˽С壬뿪˼ֱŤʵĸš
Ӹһߣճһ룬ܼվԺſڰ̾
үҪȢٽܼҲ⣬ⲻǺúõôô࣬ȢΪʲô
²˵ϼȻҪޣҲֻˣҳȥ棬ѾޣȢޣǻʹ͵Ůˡ
ܼҲҵȥ棬ſڴһ
ܼһ棬Ƕ¶ˡ
͹̫ͻһʱ㶼֪˴¡
ˣ
鵹Ǻܸˡ
ˣүǰŭڵĵС㣬С㣬ﻹһЩˣ㲻Ҫȥ
ʲôˣľӵȥǰ
ʱǰѾһȺˣ̫Ϸ˶ڡ
ȥż㲻ãɵĺ¡
鿴һ۾̫͹Ϸˣ̫Ϸˣ
˾δ˵Ҫ飬Ϸ˵
̧̫ϷĸϣϳȥˣҲӣӦ˴£ֻǡţھǵԽˣǲ˵ɡ
ȥǿǺãҲǡ³çϷ򡭡
ʶ˵ˣæűȭ˰ݣת飺㻹Ÿʲôȥȥҿʹ˰ɣ㻹ȥİСǵ𡣡
̫͹Ϸǰ˴¡
(δ)

߰һʮ һŭΪŮ

ס£Сߣ˰±ȥϢ
ҹţƷ˸ͷŷţû˿ԼŴ򿪣˽
Ź㿪ʼ·ƴӴ壺ϴϴ
ǳһʱˣϴûƤˡ
·˴ϣƱ£۶ӣ˯ˣ
ʲôʱ˻˯
Ǳýˡ
š
æŰýˣ°ҹˣϣϢ߿ˣݲݵֽһò뿪
ŹϰƲȥϢϸ˵ˣǰȺ
ܼҲãС̫۸ˣҲҪôҲǸȴҪСķСһȺˣˣӿô
ܼǣ޵ĶС
ƵǺƽܼңȥҲҲôʱùֺαִţ
С㡭
ԭһˣôˣ㿴С岻ɰôǲȥˣСǼ£ˣҲˣҪյŶû˼
ֵǮģοϼҴڵĻǱˡ
ܼһ»ȻʣСǺһЦɲǡ
ܼңȡһǧϲһҪҩġƷԸܼæȥҩ⡣
ƵǰԺ㿴˻
ϲɫÿμ㲻ǴɫҲЩɫĶš
մһȫɫ۵ĺܡ
ϻһ磬·ʱƮ׿Ȼ
ƿֻΣҪ֪ͲȥôûֱҪ޽ˡ
ơ
ƻһ㳯Ű˹ƱС峯ŻģС巴۾˯ˡ
֪СԸƧϲ
ٽ
㲻ǽô̱
ЩΣǽ԰ɷҲиˡ
Ҳû˵ҪȢ˭֪ϴʲô⣬ڲ壬㣬Ҫʥȥģú˵Դ䣬Ƶ޻˵
룺ǲģ㲻Լȥɣϵ˼Ҳɡ
֣ΪţͰˣ´ȥһھ㣬ЩΪ潵˻к𣿡
ٽԲӣұǸ̨ˣڼ޸֮ǰҵͻˣүҲ֮ˣкβף
Ĳ죺֪ҵ˼ǰСƫƫ˵Щ˵޸˹壬ĸˣ
ٽ˵Цˣôĺӣˣʲôɸ˵ģֻһΪϣԸ飬˵ҲûáһȫƵϵϣ˭ûˡ
ϲû˵Ҫ㣬ֻҪҼ޸
һȻ޲鼱ǰ㵹˵
ٽҪ˵ʲôŮһôҷ޸ûʲôףٽҪ޽ƻҷ޵ĸ飬һøм
סһȻ
ưѻС彻ƽƽС뿪Ʋȥ飺֪ҲִֻŰС֪²ܣ㻹ִʲô
Щ°СǲѶΪ֮ҪСɢô
һ˫ƣЩ޳
ưӸ飺ҴˣҪɱҪɣү´ӿʼͲ֪һֱƭ㣬ҲʳѰҲȷʵСˣٲҲüˣүǺˣһʼķСϲүƻǵĸ飬ŻִŰСҸⲻˡ
ֱޣСҺ㣡
תˣŵɢС㣬ΪκС
ȥѾˡ
վſڿһᣬĹⲻȥ
Ҳû취顣
ʥּˣٰƽʥ
ֱӱСȥɽϣסɽûʥּˣ˹
ϵ۱ŵˣҪҪһ˵ΪҪ˰ơ
ϵ۴ʱҲŭ֮ɽ޺ʱҪˣԼȥ֣Ȣôܺ޳Ϲϵ
ŭϣҪȢӸңǱȥʻϣĲԣҪȢ
ϵΣ
Ϊ˰ֵ顭
Ŀ䣬ϵ۱һ˦ɫһֹȥվĵŭӰ
ĿӣСӱĵ˳ȥ
ϵûˣȻˣ֮ɽ۸޴򲻹㣡
ϣǧٹ٣һ´Կ˳ΣһҪͻ档
ʲô£ϵۻΪлˣӿ֪ҪŮ롣
(δ)

߰ٶʮ ǹ

ϵһ£·û壬һ䣺֮ɽ˵ʲôû塣
δɣϼȻ˲ƵĻ£Ҳڹģǰʱ˵̩飬֪ھǹӡ
ʹ磬˳Ҫ̣ҪΪϹ̽ɽòڼС
ΪʳǶá
ɳ֪Եıůȴ۸
̩ǵ۸ܡ
ãһֱ˼⣬ˣΪӣ
Ȼףԭˡ
̩ˣҪã֪̣ˡ
̫ŮǣŮǣةฮŮǣȲˣ˼ۣ˻ûУ֪ʲôᣬҲΪˡ
ˣҪܿ࣬ܡ
ϷģȺˣҰ֮ɽ̽׹Ҳʳ͢飬е˧ӡϣʿһ
һ뿪ȥɽ֡
֮ɽʲôֻģôçײϵҲЩˡ
֮ɽȥѾӸϵ۹ˣͷվˣ
ת֮ɽˣСýȥûƣƿˡ
ɽСԶɽϵȻù⼸Ҳ벻
ɽ⿴һۣŮһȺؤ֮УӳԶء
վ˰찲߹ȥ̧ͷ˳Եģ³
æŰĶµС屧˹ȥ
мµҪ˵
СˣƱ뵽Ҫȥԭ׵顣
ŹȥƵŰ˵С壬ƣѾ˵ˣ룬ߣŴ󱦱ǹɽ֣Ҳʴ顣
ƳɵˣǱƢ
㲻һ£
ˣȥ˲ٿ࣬ˣⱲӶΪ˻ϻˣԺҪΪ
ɵҺү
֪ǹϿģϲǸưոݵˣ뿪ҪԸ͸
˵걧СˣƻҪֻܵȵϡ
ϻȥǰۼһЩˣˡ
ƴ϶εɽ߲ȫǻ
һƱ֣ôŪˣ
ҵɽʹүأǰ׼֪ǻĵأ뿪ѳҩģβˡƴ˷ڳ֮޲ݡ
լʺ񣬾ضβˣĳЩˣλȨأȻվڸ߸ߵȨ֮ϣȴԱ˳ŵû¸ɣרˡ
˵ȥɣһֱͣȥͨһ
ǣùԺ󣬸λԺ󡣡ɨɨϵĻҳתȥ棬ſڱ㿴ܼһơ
ܼңҵأȥʣܼҸˡ
أѾʼʰ׼뿪ˡ
ô
ȥƽ˱źӣ칫ҲһȰ⣬˵߾ߡ
ʰĺܸɾ
ƽƽ˲˳ȥȥʣ㵽ôˣҪ룬ҲȺ
һֽʲô뿪˴ﶼ԰˴ϲƢʮͷţƴʱҲŵˣǵҪˡ
˵˵ҲȰƱ˰ѳǷ˽
ַȰ˵˭Ҳ˵
ʱԺȥԺƵĺȲ衣
ǲˣֵġ
żæȥҰƣƣΣ
ҪߣҲ֪ΪʲôʰˣҪˡ
Ǻأ
Ҳǵ˼ոջ˵һֽѣҲߡ
ƳŰߣס
屻óһӣһЩǧϲεĲƬ
óƬŵˮүȺȡ
ʲôʱˣӣҪߣ°ˣźӶߡ
ס壺㲻ۣôڣۣܲ
תºȲ衣
ãüƺЦ
ôеģرǧϲΣү岻ܶԣ׻ʢ
Ųβ裬֪ǲǱŪģȻЩʢ
ŰƵ·һں˲裬ȥ˰Ƶ·ӣƾţûϴأ
ҲûϴһȥϴϴоȣǲǺȶˣһﻵ˾Ͳˡ
ƺ˵ʲôҲǴߡ
Ļû˵꣬һưŻع̧ͷƿȥͿѾˡ
(δ)

߰ٶʮһ ƹ

ǰԺѾһţԺȴ콡֮ɫ
۵屧ȥϴ裬ϸɾѣ˲һͬȥǱߡ
ʱŭ㲻ҪʶôƲԳԷƣҵ£㻹ǲ£㵱Ҫ췴ɣõĴ󽫾Ҫȥ
˴˭㣿
ٻᷴԳŭ
ͳ飬Ǽ˳è
գܲʹ죺ŮܹǺʱҲڵʱһھǣ̩˶۸۸ж٣
ֻ뿪ڹ飬ҲҪƳԿࡣ
ô˵ĪΪ˻۸ϷˣǲĳЩء
ȻĳЩȻǱˣǵϣϵ˭Ҷ˵Ҫ̳ô
Ȼɫһ򰲽ǲǻϣ
˭һȥѾǾͱˣȻѾҪΪٴͻˣǻĸҲǲպضʮ˸⼸δ⵽ʱ۸Ҫߡ
ˣǻǵĻ
תȥŵûһ¡
ĩڡ
˵һҲżôһ鱾ˣԭκִϱֻϧѾɻ飬ȻòɢҲżΪҪҪ¶ඪˣ
ˣ˶ˣʱ򣬻ܶˣ
ȷʵоƤȣǺܶˡ
ǻͷԴ˵
һҿȥɣǻ

ŵֱͻͻСƹŷ𡭡
ɫãȻ֪ܣǾͱңһʲôݣʺ󶼲ΪҪһͷΣ˵ȥǺܶô
Ҳǣ׵ˣȴ
Ҫˣ͵üһκִģһֻһŮˣ㿴ξ
ŮӲҸҪǼ޸һʱȢ檵ˣҲѹ
Ҳ֪
ѵһԲֱðͷ
˵ǼŰҪߣͰӸһˣܲôģͷ첲ȵĿˡ
ȥŭĿӣң
ߣ֮ɽ㲻뱾аˣа屾ϲţƻϵ飬ϲƽϣɲˡ

תˣſڸպվŹ򸾡
һˣȻɡ
æŵ˵ͷȳˣ˱˹ȥ͸ƵĿƣ֮Ҳˡ
Ѱ˼ǲǶղȥˡ
ô֪ʱǲǱߣĲԸİƵ¡
˹ſڣŽʿҪ³ƿӳ濴ȥ䲻ͷʵʲôûñ³ô
ŵöæˣֱӽȥˡ
ƺһʲôʱҽôͺˡ
ȥİһ۰ơ
С̫ࣺʲôط
ڽ幬
ƿ壬һֵۣ

ûش𣬵Ѿ˵ǿڿ˵ʺȴڽ幬ˡ
ֱ幬ûеڶˣֻʣˡ
սתÿնھС
˽幬Žȥƺ͹Ⱥ
ûƵƣ˴˽ȥ
μϡ
Ůμϡ
ϵۿһ·ˣȲ˵Ϊΰѳˣͣڵģ
ϣǳǽôţϵۿô
ʱһߣ˵ϣޣΪΰ
ϵĸԩȷʵҪȢҲʹģȴûҪޣڣѯʣ
ˣΪ£ҲΪģΪģ˵ˣ
⡭ϵۿƣˡ
ѾνͣΪγƫǲţ
벻ѾȥҪּ˺룬κһˣر黨ǲݣҲȢ檣˰ƣŮһŲУǵҿּ𣬱ʬĺˡ
ϵһãȻҪв
»ǵȵ
صˣҼζ⼸ձҪˣҪߣһ裬ǲˣ⹬ҲܣˣҪǵҺȥĸ󲻹ܣܣ
ʥּ²㿴ŰɣͿô˯£
(δ)

߰ٶʮ ˵һ

ʥּųˡ
ϵվʮơ
վһԿţϵۿȥ˯ɣ޳ȥߡ
ͻϡ
˸ӣϵ۳š
ټĹУϵĸ̨꣬ԶȥϵԽ
ϣȥô
ţذɡ

³Ѿҹˡ
߰ƣˣ㼸ԼŰɡ
뿪ȥ˻ᣬתʥּȥʥּһһ
̫໥̸ǡ
˰ƾڰվţȰҪ˵ĻʱſڣʥּŻȥЪŰɣּ⣬˭ҲΪˡ
һ£û뵽Щ
̧Űƣã㻹ɵվʲôǲߣ
ʥּ㲻ˣ
Ƭ̣ҲдĴƼ޸ģʱҲã޸ǿˡ
Ϊģˣ޸һྡձ¡
ûݺᣬá
ʹдġ
һ׹ĸ飬ʵҲϲģԭϾǰŮôûˣиǶʹ顣
ر죬ָֻˣһǾԭٻˡ
ƽûôܹȥŰˡ
˵ǷһģҲǷģûңѾԭǲʵ
£ɫʮѿԭȷµĳ𣬰ֻ˵֪ѾеĸңҪԭĸҲûˣҪү½ԭչˣҲ£ǲǾûˣ
ŰƣѾˡ
ûˣҲô
ŮĬˣ⣬ʱ⿪ʼˣ꿪ʼϳˢŴҪƴһ
ưô˵ʵ֪㲻ƣܻʱҾͿʼɣһֱǳˣˣȴû뵽²
ƴС´ףϲҩģСʱҩͱҿޣȫȻǡ
ȻˣҲǼװǡ
˵Щбʹ֣˵һУҲûкƽϣֻǣ̩ŭա
̩ȻǴˣγһ̩ɱơ
֪Ҫԭأأ
ȥȥˣɱһŮǰɱŮŹ
ģҲҵŮ
Ҳ̲ס᣺ɵѾͷ㱾ǵŮô᲻㵱ǵŮ
ǡ
£㣬ƣǺţѵΪžɱôĲֻ̣ǹʵɱƣҲã㲻Ź
ҲãƲǵ˰
ߣˣûͶҪɱ飬Ϊˣ
ưŵͷʾȷʵôһ¡
ڻáҲ˵̫
˵ûʲôãڿȷʵãҪãҾͰ
˵ǣǵǺ
ȻǺޣֻǵϣҲƽϡ
ԭ
֪ڣоõƣǶǵŮϣǶá
Ʋ֪ôãˣҲ˵ƺͰ˵˼仰ˡ
ŰƱ㿴ɷʥּһ֣ҹ
ȥˡɫԽѿ¾͸һƵģȫʪ͸ˣܵĸһ
ƿƣôɡûˣ
תߣҲʪˣΪ˱ʥּʥּŵ˻
һ̣ͷ϶һ·Ȼ˵·εδĶˮڰƿҲˡ
һԼ벻Ҫ˵꣬㹻ˡ
˻ȥϢžһƱŵһ£²ڣǱͻôһţûѾˡ
תſɷĹ壬û⣺㷢ʲô裿
ˣҪԭͱһҪߣ
ƾˣô꣬ôģ
Ҫôģǲǣ
ʧȥ̫࣬ԭҲȷʵɱҪȥҾҲõѡ񡣡
ȻͿİõȥĽˣŭգҪˡ
ͳ˳飬Źߣ˵һΣ
(δ)

߰ٶʮ ҵ

˵һι㲻ˣǵ͵ǿǿһƵԲӣֻк˵ķݡ
һʱߣĪⱾ˵Ļһģ̷ˡ
ƿɲСèˡ
ְһѵӳָŹ塣
Ʋú֣ɲ¡廹һҲµģƱѵӷŵȥˣʱŵùš
£Ҫ֣¡ָŰŭ
ƺү֪Ǹһµģ˷޸飬ÿζĴβһҾ͵ˣʱȥ
ˣ££
屻ŵúСһæŽаƷ¡
Ƴĺһ˵ֻһΣ²ΪٸĽݵ˵ңҾȥɱû㡣
ã˵ˡ
ߴӦưĵһӣॵŵùֱ¡
վһǵǵģʲôںں
Ӷ㶼⣬ۣǶʱŻˣɵˣʲô˵ˣƽ߸ϣɱүӶûˡ
ģһ뿪磬ΪʲôӣҲǻġ
뵽Щʲôʪģȥϴġ
ʱˣϴʲô裬ɡ
ֵﰲƵǰ½
ǹϲĻˡ
ƻͷʪǲҪϴϴ衣
ô⣬⣬ˮƲ
ƱѼϼѹ⣬Ϳ˲ȥϢѾˣҲ˯ˡ
ֻаƱһ亹ˣ۾иߣȥȴڣϱӣָоԽԽ䣬Ʋ֪Ƿˡ
ү
屻ѣȥ§ƣһŵһ
ˣ
弱æ´˵ƻ𣬻ȫǺģǷˡ
ȥиҽһա
һס֣
һ£±ѰƱϸûʲôֱ𣬵ȴ§ס忿˲°͡
үҹ˵ǶŮ˭¶ܣ֪²ˣڳͷҡ
ƿƣŭĿ
ƿŹ壺ֻƢˣû£үҪϢȥǳҪϢϴϴͺˡ
ƴ·һͻ
°ƣҲŰƣˮϴ˰ʱƱ뿪ȥ˻ϣ¾ͿʼԳΣζǹȥһЩԭļ䣬Ʒȥ˯ţż롢
ȥһ˽һŸܿ쵽ߡ
Ŵ򿪰ƻجоһ߷ȥĹһʲô
߽ûĿһ۹壬ԹʲôУһ³
£һַڰƵͷϣ˳ӣҲҪˣúϢ
ưס֣ʹ۽Ҫȥŭһȥ
ͣ
Ƶɫתָ糣Ϊ˯˹ȥ
ſ壬˲õȻ۵ףָ𣬹²ġ
Ʋ֣ƵĿŰƣѾ˲תˡ
ŽȥŰơ
ŰǸʧǣվԺﱳߵ
ߵͣ£忴ҲʣʱգҲڰˣһ鶼ڱӦ
ڱӦ
֪ͺáҲû˵ֱ뿪ȥˡ
ƵĺܣһưԺʯͷˡ
ûһĻȥǰŵòᣬΪǷʲôµˡ
øˣʱòֲˡ
Ϳ屳վڴڿ棬Ҳû֣϶ʲôҪˡ
Ź尲Ҫ´ȥȻתߵƵߣַס˰ơ
ôбСŵ˰ƵģƿŹЦ
ⲻôվҲͷ˭֪˻زͷ
ʱ˵ԺҪϴϴɣʡַոðˡ
үװͿôƱﲻסЦ
ϳĲ˵үġ
ģ⼸ҪϢͱȥ
˵ģ½½ĻˣźңȥӸǱߵġ
ʱ򣬰ֵʯͷôˣǿϲģ˭ôСĴˣ
ˣƿȥ̽ͣǱ
(δ)

߰ٶʮ ԭͨ

ʯͷû˿Ҳû˻µģҲĿ
Ϣ죬ˡ
ʱɷֱӰѰƵķ߿ԭҰˣƵӣվſڰ춼ûع񣬵ȻعȥƵߣ˵
ôˣѵΪ˻ϻˣ£Űƿ
ֻǲˣ岻ãôˣʱ˵ûƾֵģ˵ģҲ˵˵ˣ͸ҪƵġ
ʼڷʱȲ衣
Ҳûƽϻŵ顣
ǻעŰƣĵʹ
ɫܰףһȦ㲻Ǵôôᷢ飿
ҲûҪʲôֻǾӣҪ̫࣬鰮Ҳˡ
˵իҪϲסŰɣϲ
Խðƺòˡ
´ҽҪţͲˣҪҲԡ
æŸţҲ˳ȥҲû
Ʊ㿿˹ĻȻָһЩ廹ǲãڹĻ˯ˡ
鿴ĸ꣬ʹ壺ôˣ
ˡ
Ǵ򣬻йҽΪʲôβǸʲôԵģôȥҪ㺦ˣŭˡ
ӿһۻ飺Ѿ̣ҪǿΪսɱ㡣
ɱһ˵ļƽȴеı顣
鲢Ͼ͹Ҳûʲô飬ƣֻټһ棬ôôѣ
岢δ˵ֻ§Żİơ
ɽͣ£Ʊѣ˳ɽϿһۣһȥѣǸѡ
ŰɡеѰƱ
ſž˯ˣ͸˯һ
Ҳһ·ϰȥ
ɽϣѹĸպʱ۾㳯⿴һۣæݼһ㲻֪ڻɽϺġ
μү
ض׼ģ׼ˣ
׼ˡ
ȥ
Ƹȥһۣˮˣеľǰչ滮ġ
ӹô
⣬һһش𣬰ƿųģɽأȻһжãҪճɻҪ£Щزܳ⣬ȫˣҽûʱˣҪھǿҽѧԺҽݣˣʲôȥңʱڡ
ƽ뿪ɽʱʣ岻ã㻹ʲô˶ˣҪЩ£
ɽ·ǰԼߵģҪԼߡ
ԻⰲҲûشֻ˵ٽ֪֪߹ذʿҪԶÿգ
δشһӴĿûлش
Űʣһ٣ʮ٣߹ص˳ԵõĶǰոôˣΪÿ챼ʲô˰ķ½ĸط׬ӻȻҲռ鱨ˡ
ô˵زʳҲûҲΪ˴Ĺ֮õˡ
Ĳˣһ㣬Ҳû˵һǴ
ٽǽȻϲ־Լ磬˵ĶʵûʳĹңһĹҷˣҾޣˣ˵ǿô
ֲҩģչһҩ֮ʱõҽƣõҩģǾǹˣҲҪǹβǴôĲô
ʲôϲ
鱧Թ㶼ˣ㻹ܱ˵ϲǲӻˣԼβã㻹αˣ
ƺЦȻõģͲصˣŬҪһЩҲõʱһ̡
˵ʲôˡ
ЦǺģ鿴Щ
ȥҲû˵ʲôһߵûмʡ
ģҲǡ
ƵɽһѾûͿڹĻȥ
ʣû鵤ҩôҲǰ취
һ仰˵Խ޷͡
壬Ͼôϱ಻ã
ٽƽϣŭݹֱ㲻
Լû£㻹ҲˣҿǺͶˣҪǳߡ黹ô˾Ц
ܲڵ룬Ϊʲô˼ҶǵŮˣͲأһƱ㣬Ƕ˵ˡ
˰
˯ʱ򣬰Ʒ·𿴵ԭ˾Ȼйͨ
ѵãҲ
(δ)

߰ٶʮ үǷ

һԻ۾Ȼʼ޸ˣϵͳҲǿ
ֿ̧֣һȻЩأҲȡʱ䡣
Ƶôˣ
̧ͷ壺Ѿûˣոμһˣ˵˺Ⱦơ
Ҳһ֣ɫһ
Ͳˡ
أû˵
ͣ¹ȥˣԸ˳ʽȰѻͻȥ
صԺƱѾˣүδ˴ţǵǳȥȥ׼һЩԵĵĺ;ˮ㲻һֱ˵ô
ţСġ
ȥ׼ȥǳأܿ칬Ƚϣȥơ
£ϥڸˬĵطƱ۾ԭԻܿԭˡ
ԭҪȰģȻͬһ壬һǺŭԹġ
һˣ
ԭŹ壬ЦҲн죿
ôͲнˣ
ԭ֪˵ʲôˣֻ˵Ǳ𳳣Ǹᡣ
ԭȻ˵ˣȴģǻ׾ǰƵġ
Եþнȥ׷ʱ򣬱³çɱˣǱĴ󣬵ҪȢ㣬Ȼܣʹ࣬ҲܲˣƼˣ͸ͬھ
ǺǡԭЦģĿڶ˶ԭ֣ʲô
Ц
ɫһƣ


˲ԼͬĿڣԽ꣬һԼԼԻܲˡ
ܲ˵ȻԼԼɫģܵˣ
ƵӶŹɷģǰƵģǺ޴Թģԭˡ
˿ĶܲˣƱһ
ɡ
˵ôῴģ˵òɫʲôûУģˣҪΪһͼ޸Ҳµġ
ˣΣһƺȥŮˣ
ҪǷڹȥƢƷַӾҪʬ𼣡
ԭȵӢŶ˲ɣ
ԭˣʱٲ£֪Ǹ˱ˣ֪Ҿ͸øƽߵģƽôˣ
ƵǺܴ󷽣վʹŹȥ϶ܸˣʱҲҹңأҪңҾͻ޸ġ
ĸƢζۣҪô
Ҳ֪ãԭ˵Ҳˣ۵̫ˣҵûȥˣ㲻ҪôɣƽңʣµҲˣһ𡣡
ƴӦһãԭĵ㻻ˡ
Ƶ͸̷¾Ʊˣ
ţˣҲڲ֪֮ҵϵͳҲΪ֪ôãż˾ͻ嵽ҵϵͳĴ
ԸұǰӣֻϣܴӦһҪףڶƽܳס
ûأ
үֻԸˣѵʵôƾûʲô
۵ױһҪһҪӽˮô
ҴӦˡʼʰ
Űͼı£ƽѾȥ˱߹ˣ¶ûαػҪأ
ǲǸãǹȥ¡
׼

ƻͷǾˡ
ưѳԵĶ£ȥϢˡ
廹ۣȥϢҲ⿪·ϡ˵Ҳһ
۾ү㺦һ
̫࣬벻
˴ѹ˹ȥɫһ䲻ͷүϣһǰ
±ϲܴӦôܶޣ
ֻһʽѡ
Ȼʽԣܼ޸ƽܣȻͰƽֱӿˡ
޶ӣƱĬˣǾ͵ȹЩƽܻ˵
ǾãӦȥĸ
ƿȥүԭѾˣӣ֮ǰǰˣˣҲʶˣ֪Ҳ֪뵽ıүںŪûзֱү֮ô˵ôүãҵʱԭܲˣ
үûУԭѹʱҲԭҪ뿪ǲǻڣ
һ˵
ү֪ԣҲЦġ
ᵽɤȥˣץס˰Ƶ֣Ĳ˵
Ҳ֪вʣү͵ǷİɣҪǵʱˣûʲôò
(δ)

߰ٶʮ 

ﻢ£ѴӦԭ£ȥƽܡ
һȥ˽ϣ˾ڵһطǧҹͣ˵Ľ죬Ҵسǵһ˽⻹ԻͼֽľǣҪľǴ촲һЩҽƵʩ
ƴľܿ촫һЩõѶϢĵʹ㿪ʼˡ
Ƿ׷ȥ״˵ǰƸӶ࣬һЩնǸɻȥƸɻ˵Ǻ̧˹ļ۸񣬵ǱӪͺܿѣˣǮĶˣǮ׬ǮǮĵûȥɻԼҲɲ
ԭ˺ܶ࣬ôþôãȴܽȱˡ
ľҪˣɽϿѻĵҪˣôҪˣѾ˶ˣҲû˿ˡ
ǴʱҲβסˣҪһҶ󣬵ʱǳԷĵطˣô죿
ſֱˮйͨȫ״Ӹ״ġ
ǰͰ¸ѹȥ쾩ǸſһȺˣȥˣ޺ûл·ˡ
帺ֶû׬Ǯôôûл·ˣ
Ǯ׬Ժأ򲻸Ըʡ
ǵ䵽˵ǱߣɱϢ˴Ҵ
ĺ֮ˣҪһȺ˹˭ôĸ״Ŀ
ԺͿǵı£Ѳɱùһô
Ӷ࣬ؤȥˡ
ؤȥ˲ʡȥǵ鷳ȻǶؤĻô
忴һΧˣǲףǲǲʣҲж֣ѵΪǣͲˣ
ǱҪ⣬ʲô취
ȫˣϱȥɣջҪǣ֪Ǳô
巳Ƶĺܣ֪ġ
˶ﻹʲôչ
˵öԣǱ߻ˣ
ȥ˳⣬Ǳ˿˲ůˣȲ˾Ͷˣ󲿷ָ·ˣǵʱҪȲ裬ǵʱҲҪȲ裬Ĳͳ˸ŵĵط
Ǳˣ·ͬСɣȻע⡣
ֻ˭Ҳôһ£²ȷʵжˣʲôΪʲôжû֪Ҫ顣
칬³磬ֱųȥ͸ˡ
һڣЩ˱㲻ҶŶ㿪ˡ
ȥ鰸Щ˾ȥڵľ˹ĵطȥˣΧŽҽ£˸ˡ
ƸպҲȥˣΪ˵ҽΣ̧ȥɨһڳˡ
˭ͷվҪǲǣǾͳ˵ڱˣ£ԣҺǾûꡣ
˶£˭Ҳ˵ƿûôˣĿȥ˵ΪҲ֪׵˱ԭȱŽȥԣܲܿˡף鷢֣׵ԽԽˣȻ°ʹˡ
գᣬҪǳˣº˵Ҫǲݹֱ棬ץҹ
Ⱥһɧܿ˺ˣˣǻ·ˡ
һ˺˶ƿȻһЦӻóһƱ˶ո˭һģҳˣЩƱ
ҿʼ궯ӵǰҲˡ
㣬մмиü۵ˣһɫ·ͷϴһñӡ
һ˾ͲǺöʵͶˡ
㡣
ǡ
˲˳ȥһѴ󿳵ҲΪʲôôһʵǺŮ벻һȥ˼ϲɡ
ȻǸŮӣǳȴڰ֮ϣҲæͻ֡
͸һֻСࡣ
Ҳǵ֮֮ƣԷ̺һЩܿ˴һŵΧֱ£˰
˵԰꣬лú˵ﲻһҶĲҵһЩȷַȥûȥҺȵСƣǽˣҽҽԺҪܶ˲ţȻԽߵˣƸӸࡣ
λÿԣ緹ãʱʱʱؼȥԼҵҩҲҲԸ˿һύҽѧҪѧĶѧҲ٣˾ƶԺ˸ǡ
ȻҽݣҵҽΪãҲǸ治Ҫѵѧ츣
Ը⣬ҿ˷ֹݣǿȥطƹ񣬶ǿԵġ
(δ)

߰ٶʮ ˴ɱ

ĴǳĬˣǶǺõģǮܻؼԼ⣬뵽淢չҲԡ
Ҷı㣬˻㡣
ȻһЩ˵أǶˣׯڶˣû˸ǸɻòǮҲôĻô죿
һ꣬ߵ˶ˣԼ˳ȥӾͺ˵ȥǰ˵ɱӺǡ
ƶЦˣǻˣǵҶˣǸ⣬ץͺˡ
Ҷе㺦ˣ˭Ǻ˭ǻֱ֪ˡ
֪飬˵ǽĻҸаˣǾͰĸӸңҳ˸깤
һңҽҪֲҩģҩĵȵյʱ򣬻ֲһʱҲԸֲǮҪҵĹǮȻǿԲ֮׬ǮǾ͸ɣ׬ǮͲɣһǾ仰ǷΧһƬҸɺˣҾһҪѧˣ͵ĵطȥаֲҩģʱһգǾ׬Ǯˡ
ҶĬˣƿǱߣҲǸݽɫһȥ˵һֱۿȥֱ˱߳ȥʮףת۰͵ǰһӣѶԷԴŵ˴Ҵ
ȫˡ

¾³ڳе˶ʶƴʱҲİʵǱŵˡ
߲Զİ¾ߣˡ
룬ûµʱǰ㣬˶֪ôġ
㿴Ƶʱһɵ⣬Цһ£ϵˣɣȻȥǸǷֵǮһ¶ˣӰͷȥ
ǡӴȥ棬Ⱥ˲ٵӰ죬ǸˣǶˡ
ȥӷȥȥҰ㣺㣬ھͰѹȥԺȥʡ
ǡˣŴˡ
ƱŵˣѾͷԺżˣҲ̫ˡ
Ƶ˰һᣬæȥ˳⡣
ȥҲҩ֣Ϊż
һûүȥˡ
ǳıؾ֮أүӴ˴ȥˣͰ㶼ˣôͰû
ѾͷҲ֪ϰˡ
˳ﻹжξ룬תʲô˸š
ͣ£оô
˵ûоڸоˣˡ
ƵͷûҲһ
ɣǺôĵӣǡһǷŴ綼ͨһȴͨˡ
ʲôˣЩѾٿûᰢ˵Щʲô
һЩ˿óУЩ߲ƣܿѰͰưΧ
һ˵վڡ
ҲҵͶԷϴĽӦУξ͸ˡ
ˣԷ֪ƻĽȻ˿°һԸҲ࣬ûðƾͰˣһвУһţһѽڰĲϣֻ÷ֿ
ѹ˵ҪС㣡
ԷĽڰƵĲϣ̧ͷŶԷûк£ǰǵѪӣԼʲôˡ
һԷʣļҵˣ
ļҵվ
ٷϻҪɱ㣬ôϻʲô
İһ۶ԷԷһӲȻżҪ
һһ㣬ޣҾͰǹģ
ԷȥץƵ·ɫ˳һЦǲˡ
ǡ
żֱðƸᣬʱԷָոմƵ·ԷֱһĽ䵽˵ϡ
㡭
ԷһʹŲĺˡ
һͷʱѾѽ˳
˭
ˣһЦЦĺǵ⡣
ƿһˣԶķ飬һƬˡ
˵Ľ˵ãɱΣڶԷ޷£ɱ˶Է𾪡
û֣ڶ濴
Ľľ
Ѹٴϵʬ壬۵ԲͲ֪ǰ֮ôڵϵġ
˿һ۰æ

ƿŲԶķ飬
(δ)

߰ٶʮ 참

㽣ѵ棬ƾˡ
ðɣΣѵʱԱġ˵ʲôĽµģǸŮӣûĽ
ɫ䣬ȥץƵ֣ʶ㿪ӭϷ˫۾֪ԭְָ˷顣
סƵ֣ûУĽҺܾȡ
Ľһȣô֪Ľģ
ĽǷŮ۵Ķžѧǲ⴫ġ
죺˵ʲô
˵㲻ˣ
סƵֿˣɫأ֪ͨȥ˰£ظϵڣ٣󡣡
ǡ
˳ХһлΧȥ˶סˣ˰ٹ£
ǵòˣټСආԿùˣ
ƺܿ챻Լ뷨ˣõĶ࣬ˡ
ʲô˼
ûʲô˼
˵ûʲô˼ɫȴʮֲãѾ֪ͨΧˣʱ飺ѵǡ
סڣ
һڣ̰ϲҶ˵һ֡
ʱҲеãȻˣ֪ʲô顣
Ҫȥ鿴ƣֻ˵ȥ塣
߰ɣȥ
ƻûӦˣƼæҪֺǯһε߬֡
ֻúͷ˵紾ӣܹǲãҪǱү˺
˱鲼ķ½ҷҲµˣȻЩδܿҪ㣬ҲҵĶ֡
Σô˵δЩǿˣοദǢô˵ֻǲǷ޵ˣ
˵ϣȥҲ˵һЩǹǸ˶㲻ֵ£ҿ㻹Ǹ߰ɡ
һϧƵģƲ̫ףǣ
ұ죬ˣǸͷ˵ʲôʲôԭȱЩ֮ô£ˣ֮ƭ㣬㾡ܷģڣɲ
۵һĨΣ׷ʲô顣
һ·ߵǰĲһȥʱڰ참ѾȦΧǿصĹٱ
ں汻ЮŸߵߡ
ŷ־Ͳˣκβ˵ĵӾϣһֱߣűſ
վϵʬо˿ת
һתͿֻҪŰƵ֣ɫһ˳̧־ʹ
׼Űƺ˼
忴۰ƣüͷ飬Ǹ˲ţͣмӣû뵽Ҫɱ㲻ɣ
Ȱ£ҵ㡣ַֿĿ׿ȻƵɿȥ˹ߣΪһ·ϵƵֶˡ
ү֣ѰƵ˹ȥһۣʤˡ
飬ţ£ȱ飬㡣
鲻ΪȻһˣȫƣ⣬׷ٸոյЩǲǷйأ⣬˳žˣÿʱһαţȥʿڴˣ̤ڣǺԣ׷ɱɱš

һˡ
Źȥ棺ү
ƴʱҲ֣бҪ˵
֣˵Щ˴ɱʼͻȻˣ
û񱻴̼ˣںƵģֲŮ֮ں˺ܴʹ࣬ϵĽҵĽҵҴģҵ˵ģҵû˵Ϊʲô
оһ֣˵ĽǷŮ۵Ķžѧ⴫
һŮۣ갲һŮӣ·˺ӣ㣬ŮӲñȥˣ顭ǰӰųǸŮӻţѵǷŮۣ
ǷŮû뿪Ŷԣ갲ʱ
ݣһδƽһ
ϻһʬƿȥүô
ûСķңﻹ˼鰸
ȴȥ£ʼϵʬ塣
ֻһôʣһ˼æشֻһˡ
ƿһǸ¼˵ϵʬ壬ʣϰأ
ϰķʲôɲɣŶķ飬ץ
ϰܿϰæŹ£СǴ˴¥ƹ죬ĺС޹ء
Ʋȹ˵ʲôƹ񣺡˵Ұⰸӡ
֪û˼ˣֱ˹
(δ)

߰ٶʮ ̬

ƹŸƿͷƼȷʵжģ㣬ô˵ģ
˲߸ңվţ˽ҹȥҾ͹ȥˣո߹ȥһˮ桭Ҳ͵ˣŵöˣҼæȥ˱ˡ
ô˵ֻһˣ
ƹæŻش𣺡ǣֻһ
һ£ǾǳɱɱˣȲ㶼ʶɣ
ûʶġƹʱҲˡ
ƵͷǾͶˣӦͼƻˣ˺ϻɱˣעǲӦò¶ص㡣
ǲжƹ̲סʡ
ƽʬ巭ȥʬԺ飬ͷϵķϸ飬ԷԺһ룬Ƚ϶СǺɫģŵһߣ¶ȻǶҵʱڲ¶Ͳɣͳ˴ˣɣⰸӺûжϵԺΡٸةߣʱƽֻҪ춼ʲô˾ͳˡ
ǡ
壺ү˿ǱˣǱΪʲôɱô
忴ϵˣ΢΢һ£˴ߡ
ǡ̰˴ߣѾ˵һУȥ¼飬ܿ찢
үû֡
֣ʲô
ʱǰûˣ˵ڸҲߵģǵˣмǺţûС
ƿ壺үûп˻زģҪʲôү˴Żᱻصġ
ûȥ飬ʱ˱ѹˣ԰һȥͿ˶ߣ˵һֻкպۡ
·һүƳȥҹ壬˽ָָߵ֡
үжˣΪֵĽӲ̶֮ǲûָģӦһԲεĶһӣԱߵʱֵġ
˵ŹѾ˹ȥ¿˿˵ơ
Ƹ壬ŵߵպþǸ״ӵĴϸҲպǺϡ
ͷģһǱǲǰŵˡ
үҡóҩˮڶԷﵹϣͿĨ֮һЩɫǳۣۼֳһ滹֡
ү
š
ϸ֣𣿡
ѵǻ
Ǻ𾪡
ǰЩӣлϢõģ
ҪʲšǺˣϢĴǲŵġ
Ȱʬϣϲ龩⣬ٲŹƸȥ
ǡ
漴뿪Ըεɱ˰Ǹᣬǳӵ˲ж˳ˣô˵ﲻظ𡣡
ˡæȥ£ƸŹ뿪Ҳһ뿪
ߵ쳣ƽԺ忴飺ԺЩº˵Ժˡ
ȥƫңȺ
ʱţԺҲ˲ٵˣѾ½Ժ
ԺĶ˷ڵƫȺǲ
ƻȥүʲô
Ƶǹܲ˷Ǳߵ顣
һֲߣ֧׵ͷǱϿɵģҲԱģ뿪ʱ򣬱ʮ꣬Щʱ档
Ӳܸ˵ģˣǰûŴŻġ
˵ǻүߣ͸ˣ˻֪ͨүǱ涾ɱˡ
š
ɫأ˽
ү
Ը
ŽţƱˡ
μү
֪ˣ
֪ˣүǰϢǹӵģ㿴
Űһֽ£滹лıǡ
忴һ۽ƣϸϣǸǳһģǵٶ˾ȣô̵ʱڣܴƳүǲ˵Щǻߵˣܾͨ˵أ
š
忴ţ𣬲κ˵ϢҪŵһ𣬻ͷᰲţʱܣĻȥˣÿյŸ㱨顣
ǡ
ţҪţ£ƽ㡣
ǡ
뿪ƽߣԸƽƣԺ飬Ҫȥʷ飬߰ɡ
(δ)

߰ʮ ˭Ҳܶ

˵ƫңڲ𣬽Źȥһ£ƾڹߣȷæˣſڡ
ϵĽǷŮ۵Ĳѧ
鿴壺Ůʮꡣ
ʮꣿ
֣ʲôϵ
ʮߡ
üŮ
Ů۵ǻ֮ǰϲһӣǸ뿪˷һŮʮ꣬Ůһ֮ãʮصǻŮۡ
ʱǺϣôȷ
ĽˣŮϥûã˵ĻλֻŮ˵һŮ⡣
Ҳ˵ҾŮ
Ľ֮ˣŮڷѸ¡
סҲ̫ˡ
ҪûкúõѧϰĽǲǡܿˡ
Ůûгɻ飿ʡ
鿴һ۰ƣˣɻˣĺ󹬻Ժʮ
Ƶһ壺ү
޹ء
ˣйϵŮʱ޶࣬ҾŮġһȦ
ôƺεЦ
ûĿһ۰ƣ˺ʲôϵ
޷ǿʶ͡
ȥҵ
ȥɣˣơƸߵſڣ˵
תһۣƻǾȥʵĺãȥҰˡ
ŰƳŰȥȥˣƽſڣ඼Ǻǣʣ飬㵱ʲôҲ֪
ˣ
֪淢飬ҡͷǡ
ô£
˽ɱңĽЩϳĽǷң⣬˵ĽǷŮ۵ĲѧǵõҲ˵Ľ򲻵ѵʱá
ֶһ£Ļˣ
ѵ
ǳȥ˵վűȥԺʱ͹嶼ڡ
Źϰ飬ʵʲôˣ
壬顣ʱ˵ʵƵӣôһűߣѵǷˣ
ʲôϵ
ҶĵŹ¡˻һһ
ɫ˳ȷʵ˵ˡ
ʮǰҶͷŮ˲֮£˽
û뵽ЩݲǣҶΪŮڶͷ£ҸϵʱŮѾӰʬҰҶҲֻһѽڶͷϡ
ʱСֻ꣬ûȥ
һŮ۵ǻȥȥ԰ңŮš
û˵
ҲǰҵŮ۵ĵطŮ۲ûȥ
һ۰ƣ˵ûղǴģǴӷġ
ʱȥ̽飬ڶͷ·գʱһϢұ㽫˻ȥҪҰʦسֻô
·Ҳ֪Ѿ˺ӡ
ҰѺҴӦˡ
Ƴ󲻾ãǳַˣˣƣˡ
֪Ѿڷǻ
Ŀ£ֵĿŰΪ׷ɱң
˵ҸĴѡҪλ磬粻ҪҪңʱͻС˻λ
Ҳ⣬ֻʮǰȵ۵ճ֣Ѫ䣬λҪϡ
ȻʵǶµģϲıǶ磬վΪ˶Ը磬ɱ˶硣
ɣҲǸƴ֮֡
ƵĴڣŮʮǰġ
ʱŮϥûãĴǱҪŮֵܵŮΪʴ˵ĶӣҲҶйһŮ˼䣬һš
ȻŹҪѺӽȻǲϣֻ˵ŮĽҵ˱
ĻλֻܴŮ
ڴûа취ֻķ½ѰңҲ
Ҹ˵˴£ǰ˷֤¡
Ů۲ԸϣҶһֱڻҸʵϣҲܣΪ˱ʾҪӭضŹ£øĻλûҵŹ£ǻλǴҵģҪҵ˾ǶŹµģ´ǲΥĴ󸨳
Ƶһ
ȥ£Ҳˣס˰Ƶ֣Ŀ棬ʽںܲá
ƿ壺ԻڵΪͷĻλˣҡ
ڣ˭Ҳܶơ岻ش⡣
ƿ򰲽㿴ô죿
㳤ˣԭȵ֮Է㲻ѧҲǾã㲻ȥЩ£Ȼûиߵ飬ǵ͸оˣݲףΪĽֻзŮ۲Żᡣ
ǻȥǲȥ
ȥ
Ȼش𣬷˵Ŀ׺ݣܲ죡
(δ)

߰ʮһ ƶ

˶ŷ飬Ķ಻⡣
ŮԽãߵı֮ڶ࣬Ȼȶ˳еĵķǿʢ
ļ磬ҪˣҪǷĻλŮУΪ
һĬȥǲТȥ׷ӣҲûүӲûкӣ
ҲһĪչ
£ȥ
ƵԹĿһɿˡ
Ű㣬ȥɡ
ԭסȥ
ס֣ԭıӰʱҲЩ֡
˵±ҪţȻҪȥűǡ

ԭȻͷ涣
Ϊ㣬Ϊơ
ԭӣȻίǺܸˣлл
תԭ򰲽ˡ
š
ԭὥ𣬰Ʋ˲ᣬͷ壺ү
ߣ
ȻҪȥһˣһ£׵黹δãֳôһӵ飬Ķˡ
˵ѾˣһЦ
תƿ飺壿
ɣ
һЦɣֻҳ϶룬һҶӢˣô档
ǣѹһʣԭǹˡ
ûĿ򰲽ҶѪлҷģҷڣڲɱһˡ
ҹܲˣŮҲˡ
ƣȻҪߣҲҪȥҪ׼С
ȥ׼ɡ
˰תȥ飺ȷҾŮ۵Ů
ȥ˾֪ˣȻҪߣҲϡ
ⲻðɣһ¡
ߣ㲻ϣһ¸鷳
·ϰ档
£һᴦ£СҴţϴţǷ϶ƽţǷ޷ֱģⰢľСҲŰɡ
ҲҪţһҪȥүУ
塣
ǣ塣
ƺܵһЦ˺ô󰡡
תȥҹ壬ʱѾȥˡ
ȵϣƱŻӣ°ʣô˵
û˵ʲôûȥ
ү˭ȥˣһ죬ֵиˣ
忴ȥȥĸͻ̫

ж
ү²ͻ˵ⲻǹȻô
˵Ҫ˵ĸ̫ģûģ
Ҳԣүδ㣿
Ůϥãȥ˱°£ܴûյ̣ʣŮ۵ô
ðɣ˵Ժʮô
ƲźЦĿȥ
ô죿
ҪܲȥȻͲȥƵĽѾ˿ЩˣȻǳģĸҵĻ˵
ĻӦúĽйϵ㲻û¶֣ǾߵΪ
Ҳбǣǲ÷飬ȴˣǹŹֵĵط
ɱƣҲΪһ˼Ҫ뿪С
뿪ү˵ҪѺǶߡ
ܴߣҪ¡Ȼܾ
ƿȥǣǱ߲Źġ
ҲǳصģǼߣҲµģڻʺڲڹУϾڲģҲҶԸĺӡ
ƺЦô
Ȼ
Ļеġ
үôǣ
Ļû뵽»˵Ҫǣ뿪Ҳţ˵һ뿪û˱ˡ
үǻлô
̧ͷȥͷš
С壬Աǣû˿ŲУﵽǶСҲСһʲô²˵òҪȻ鷳
ʵܰһ򾡵ĻߵҲܷģ̫ƻζûҲܱ֤ͷ
ү˼ǣ
ԱǣϴǷڣβˡ
ȷʵ
ûпõˣǷ뿪ѺӷڼȻġ
룬ƣЪš
á
˯Ĳãܵĺӵ顣
˱ˣ˼ƱЩѹߵƵǰסƵ֣벻飬ģҺүˣʱҺүᵽסΪ˽⣬ƶҲѺ

һ⣺ƶʲôϵ
ѾˣүǱݺˣƶʲôûзȻô¼޽ȻŹɱһӰ٣պ˵ãʲô˶ˣ˵һƣƻѵüٿǱߣǶ͸׳Ƴǵģ˵ʲôǶԵģһԶͬı顣
˵߰ɣҵ飬үȥ˵
(δ)

߰ʮ ߻

һ뿪ˣǰЩǻֲ죬ôˣ
һЦұ֤ˣҸ˵ˣĸҲ˵ˣҪܺúõģҾҪ
ֻΪ˰ƣҪϴƶҪȻû취ȫȫı
Ѿ˵ˣʶҪʲô֮Ҫһţؼߡ
˵ƶôãܲһֱţ
ҴȹЩӣûµʱͷˣѾд飬Ѿ˻
ϴӦˣ
ţӦˡ˻شĺ̹ƵЦˡ
Цʲô
ʲô϶Ҫʲôʲôǲġ
ô
˵ûãҲ˵˵˻ȥԺǱߣѾúˡ
Ӹֵ֣ĵ½
ţҲˣжҲּ֪⣬Ҫص߹ȥر߹أձҪ뿪
ƻġ
˷Ȼ飬ȥԺȴ˵ˡ
л˵ƾĹ֣ô˵Բ飬Ż᲻֪˵ʲô
鿴ŰƣҪˣҪر߹أҲ֪ʲôʱܻģվߣҪȥңǲң
ҲҪˣҪȥĵط£һʱȥ㣬Ҫȥ㣬ҿܲȥ
ǰСأ
黹ǲģʱҲִ֪ʲô
ƿſڣʰɣ𵢸ʱ䣬ȻҪߣҲæ治ȾǷȴ˾ǵĹĶǣﵹǿ԰ݣҪϲˣǵðա
Ĭһ᣺Ҳౣأˡ
ûڻұȶŮ鳤ҪȥҪܵ顣
ߵͷҲᣬʳѰ
ڶϰ첻ˣ˴·š
ĴڳʮﴦȺ򣬹Ͷ˶ͣ˻г͢س
ϿžǷҲŵȺ
ûиŹԻ˵ͻлᡣ
ȵ뿪Ҳûȵƣ߿壺ϣúö
ɫ쳣ѿٽʱ䵽ˣˡ
ٴοһΧת뿪
һΣͷһۣûˡ
;Ⱥ򣬿ǰƲŰСѻųȥ鿴ѻ䵽ϣץһ£ѻһֽ
ʮ֡
ԭصȺֱ뿪ˡ
ܵǱߴƴ·װӣ˼С
εת飺㡣
С
һƻͿޣֱ˹ȥһ
Ļ飺ޣˡ
뿪ڿϼˣ
š黹ǿޡ
̽ϲүұǴ㲻ϲҲû뵽㷴ϲңû취ֻúҪߣҲⲻȥ
ƾǹԵˣûϼǶŮˣҲֹᣬ˭ô˺ˡ
ӣҲںŮҲϲȥ߹أҪû⣬Ҫȥҹùˣ˵ȫûȥҪҲżߵģģҿ϶
ˣ飬֪ҵ⣬ҵǸŮˣǲʣҲϲŮˡ
£˼Ҷ˵ǼСӣҵ˾ͳˡ
Ƹˣ˿Χ˸ɰ飺ţǿԷʲô߶ģӶ
š
͸Ƶģæ
ƿһ᣺ҲˣҪҪˣȻҪΪһʶҪ㲻Ҫָ
˵ġ̾ס˰ơ
˵ģʱһ㣬ӣϲˣҿֻҪĴӮңҾʹӦ޸
ҲǵãһҲʱ򿴼׹һѣҹù˵⾩ǳ˵ĵطʺҲǴ󳹴֮űӵġ
̫˵ĶԣľǿƷƽ˾ģȴʺҿ㲻ڱ߹ðլӣҪһҲھˣȥ㣬㿴Σ
ǿ˵ġ
סƵ֣Ƶͷһۣ飬ϲҿԣҲҪҵԼķС
ҵˣͲҪˣҪǹ۸㣬дŸңһ
ֻ򲻹ҪиķǿԻһ
Ǹ취
ٽֻͲ֪ǲǽϲҡ
ҽ⣡
ͺá
뿪ƿŻ뿪̾˿иˡ
ת׼ȥתȴĽݡ
(δ)

߰ʮ ƽ

Щ⣬ʱطĽݡ
ǣ
ݵӣĽϳ
任ԼѹһЩſڡ
Ľϸһᰲƣȥǰ㵹ǹ龫֣ŪΪҾϲˣ

һãȻⶼУ
·𿴳ЩʲôĽݺЦˣҴŵģʲôһ᲻֪Ҳ֪ƥҲϵ㡣
Ƶˣһ˵ΪʲôҪأ
ͻǺݶãô˵
ƿĽݣ⻰Ҫͷģʦʲôʱã
ҴӺˣѵã
עˮһգͷ޶ûطޡ
ǣ
ĽһѰƣֱӵϣĽݷҵ㣬ֻ֪ã
Ľݣ㲻ץҡ
Ϊ㣬ôܣ
űŮߣʹˣ
һ߳һһү
ɫһȥĽݣĽһǰȥһ˴˵Լͣ£ͣ£
Ľת飺壿
㻹֪壬ӣȻۣܵ޻ͽܣ㲻ڴע⡣һģһ׼һͷ
æźҪҪɱ
һնףһСˡ
ƥŵҡҡͷҲˡ
˰û£ȥĽݣһأ
ĽĿأĲϾǹĽû뿪
壬º޹أŮƣҪСʱҾͺ˵ҪŮҲŻǲǵã
ҲЩƨҹ㲻ھɱ㡣
Ҳߡ
Ľݿƣһ£Ѫ
忿ĽݣһȥĻ̌ͷĿ棺δҵĶ֣ʮʱ䣬ǰġ
֪һֱŬҪңעǸЦĽݣѡˡ
˵ʹĽӦС
˶ͨˣҲãƱһ߹սƵҲģֻǿ
鿴һ۰ʮֲͷôǵĽݣ
Һ֮ǰʶ
ߣ
鲻£ܿ칬һƴĽݵؿڣĽˤһѪ˲䵽Ľݵǰ˱뿪ˡ
ƿȥ˿̹ʲôʱѧˣ׷˵ģ
ĽԶתƣ뱾
ȥ壬һ֣ܻţô£
¶ûĿƣһҩͷƿ顣
壬æɡ
ۣϹϵǲǣ
¡
ȥ£һưסĺģϢ˳ˣŽתϰƵҩ裬õҲˡ
Ϣվͻû£ǽ뿪øɻҡ
¡
Ű뿪·ϰһٱӣĽݾȻѧöˣү´ҼԲ˶ߡ
鲻һߵķΪĽݲֵ
˶֪ôġ
صƱȥʰ·Źǣ֪ҹȥϵȻ˵ˡ
ޣҲͲعˡ
С˸𣬰ƽƽ䣬׼뿪ˡ
ƽ˳ƿȥ˰
£ѵû˴磬Ǹͨ˵ӣƽЩΪѣòſڡ
ŮǺιϵƽ֪ε飬ʣͰ˵
֣Щʲô
ƽ£
ʲô˵ʲô
ŮǷô
ƽôҲˣȥƽƽס̧֣ͷŰһ̷ſ֡
ƽ˵ƽȽܻƽԸź򰲽
ƽʲô
ƽĵطƽǸӣֻʱ򣬽ս̤ҼţҼﶼҼûгԺȣҼԺȣҼûжġ
ǲˣü㲻Ǽ︻ô
ǺǰҲ˼ҵġƽ˵
(δ)

߰ʮ ȹ֮

ʵ벻ƽ˵ˣֻǿƽ
ƽ˵ʱᣬƽ˵֪ʲôϲƽƽΨһľֻǿ
ƽûзǷ֮룬ƽ˵Ҫߣ½Ҳˡ
⺢ӣ㲻Ҫ֣һͿ
ĲᣬⲻǺ֡
ƺ͹վڲԶţ֣ƽϲ
šƵǾûʲô
֣ôһҲ֣
֪飬ʲô֣
ƽϲ֪
߰ɡŹ뿪ƽܾòųϵţʱɫʮѿƽں޵Ǹˡ
ϣ˫§Ű֣ƽϲʲôأ
ûģҵﶼãﲻϲˣҵ껹ʱ򣬶ϲҵ

뿪ˣϣǷˡ
һߵľˣ
˶ˣƽŴ˻ȥ
ҹ·ˣ彫ֱӷŵöסϣ·
ǵǧҹ·ҵطϢʱͼ·
һ·зǰ濪·ǳͨ裬ɱ֣Ѿɨһա
˺ȻɨϢȥһ¡
˵¹죬ɱֻ߲ˣ˵ɱ˲ˣȻû˳ֹҲҹʡ
պǾ͵˷ı߾ϡ
Ϊ˲עƸŴݣϷ˵·ȥ
ڷ·Ҳ˲٣Ʋ˵ŮǸ硢ˣǽͷβ֪¡
Ҳ˵ŮǸûʵۣ񣬻˷ʢ
ԷˣӵŮۡ
ȻŮ˳Ƶۣ˺ŮһıʿˣֻŮڷĵλҪһЩϮľλǴŮеģ֮ŮڷкܸߵĴûС
ĵ۶ƸŷȥջסޣһĸˣСΪˣʣ͹٣䣿
䡣嵱˲á
Сһʮίôô
ôסСҲΪסĸ𣬺ðɣǺ档
ŵȻɷ˶Ҽˣסһ䣬סһ䡣
Сһ۹壬ȷʵͿƢһҲ̡
ã
Сţȥ¥סꡣ
ŰƱʣˣ
ͷۣ󣡡
˵깬ȥˣȥͷһ·ǱǱҲǺ顣
ţſСŷ쿴˽ɫһſڣСŵһ£æˡ
Ҳ⣬ˮ˲㣬ŰֱӾ˯
ҹ˵ãٿ۾Ҳˣһ·Ѿܶˡ
Ȼڣȴһվڶ棬΢΢˸ӣμӡ

ʱѾӳһ£ӴأҲû·Ҳֱӡ
ǸŮ˱㲻ôˣ·ϣڹߴš
ŹŮӣ񿴼ҼһŮ˵󣬾Ǹ˯ġ
ڷŮӶҲ˷
ӣ˴ûԶӭǷڴ˵иۡӹȥ
˵ˣסҲһҪŮ۵ˣ
˵ˣȷʵʮǰ߹һǻǻһֱֻǸ硢ŮۣκһŮ۶Ҫ硢дԣҲ˵ɷ빬⡣
סֱۣȻԲǺܺá
ȻԭŴġ
ӣȥɣδӣӣҹ÷Ӱɡ

һڣƵʾиô󵨵Ůӡ
ɫ˳ȻںҹУϱǳӡ
䣬̵ϥء
ӣ֪ˣ
֪ŮŮ˵ȨܴϲӱԴȥֻҪӵͷɣǴˣԶܳΪеˣ̫֪ߵغˡ
ȻϢ˼֣ͷӣǴŮȷˣ
ǲڷˣ֪İˣ㵱Ǹ޵ˣ
ңֻο˼֮顣
һο壬ȹ֮ˣ
ĽһͷһѲ룬һֱӷ˳ȥײڷĶͷϣķֱˤˡ
һҲ̫ˣԼˣαأ
(δ)

߰ʮ ĸŮ

뿪һЩ׼˯ȥȻ㻹˯ţ˶ˡ
ںεͷҵĴôү̫ɫˣҲûŮӿʲôӵˡ
˵ҹϰԵȴᣬȥץһ°ƣƲŸŹ
һĵˡ
ŰƣƵǿŵϵķ
ŷŮ··ɣխ䣬峯Ůӵ·ֻ࣬Ҫ򵥡
üޣرķʽҲܺÿֻǱˣͷһ飬Ӱޡ
ƿŵϵŮе죬ҹ˵ķ棬ʹ
¿ûЬ
˵Ůиϰףֻҹɷһʱ򣬲Ż᲻Ь
ŮһŮҲеģɷʱ򣬲Ż
ӡ¡
ѳף֪ɫŭ
֪
㻹֪ʲô
Ӳϲ
ô忴۰ƣԸ㣬еڶŮˡ
Ȼ̧ͷŰˡ
ܡ
վҪȥƣһڷϣˣ۵ļС
ˣ̵ϥ¶ŮˣҸޡ
ȿ˵Ľţ˴Ьӵġ
²μӡ
忴ˣǵӡ
̧ͷŰƣ¶˾ηĿ⡣
ƻЩ˼۹塣
μӡ
ͬ
£ɣҲϲ¹ԺҲ¹򡣡
ǡ
ʱĿŰƣȫ
ʣүδã
ԼŰ졣
˻ƾдˡ
֪أӣڷǴһ£Ҳˡ
ǡ
ϵּޣ˷书ժӡ
ʹڵϴС
һ˳ţóӣСŵתˡ
˽˷һߵǰӣһ£塣
ʣô˵˵ĶǶԵģ
˵ʵǵҲЩŮȷʵ磬ӲմͬһޣʱҲǹ˾֪
ƿ壬˵ʲô
ûм
£Ը׼լӣգȥ
ǡ
뿪ѷҲˡ
Źϣ׼Ϣô˯ţүǲ֪Ѿѣ
ǲǱѣӾˣϰ׸ˣӣΪڷ˸ͿФ뱾ˣ
үô֪ģ
ܰһ
Ʒ§Ź壺ŮǸô
벻Ǽ˾֪ˡ
һҹû˯źȦȥ˷լԺ
լаˣΧܰռҲܴ
Ϣһ磬繬լתһȦ
شϱߣˣļ紺ҲĽ
ƲżȥѾźˣͽ
׼ã˺Ͱ
еĵηؼһᳵ·湬е˼˷ȥ
ܵͣˣˡ
ͣ£ѰƴӱϷƳŴȥóϵĵӣ
ԭѾƵĹܵų̫Χһᣬȥˣʱ򣬵Ŵ򿪣С̫ӭӷ顣
롣
ż˽ܵ
ף滪ŵŮȴᣬվһɫӵӣӾɢվһ
ƿǸˣֿмŮӡ
Ůӳ磬һ°ɫӣϵĻǷ񣬶ĲһϵͷĿע·ļˣվʱǰߣߵַһӣ㳯ߡ
һ·ߵƵǰϸ㸸׺񰡡
ƾᣬѵòŮۣ
Ůʣʲô
ơ
׳־֡
Ůۿ򰲽磬
գôˣôô鲻ãһ·ңֱ˷ĲŰˡ
ĺܺãûдǼ棬Ϊʲôӣ
һЦȻ㲣ȴڷ飬ƺվһһˡ
˵ǸˣΪʲôվӵĸо
ڴʱƵֱտŮִƵҪޣҪޣ
̱ס˰ƣǱźһš
ʱܵŹϣߵӣ˵ȽȥµҪȥУ󡣡
(δ)

߰ʮ Ƽ

ԭĻǺҪˣоҪɢƵģ³£̰ԭ
ָһЩƲ֪ԭԷסԭ
ʱԭԻҪҪѪԸõ档
ԭʣ֪ǽѪŴģ
ϻˣһ㣬ӦǣշŮô˵һҲܰ㣬ϣ¡
һԻԭڰƲ뿪ŮۣãȻĿŰǸӡ
ݾɫҺᡣ
ӣ೯ŰƵͷŤŮۣŮ˲ᣬת˺ҡ
һЩţƵȥ˺档
°ɣûˣһֱѰ統Ǵģ
δ£Ů۲ûȥƶǿ򰲽磬Щˡ
ûչ˺ƣ㡣
ﲢ
Ů۳ĬһᣬƣĵĿ⣺磬ΪʲôҪƴأ粻ǴӦҪúôŮһô
Ҫûչ˺Ժ˵ö˵ŮҲûʡ
ǣڷһƣΣգʱ޶ˣұܾͽˣΪҪôأ
׷ɱƣҲǲѡ
׷ɱԭϢŮۺȻɫ䣬ĺ
׷ɱ
ŰĽ˵׷ɱĵ顣
Щ˹ȻǲģɱģҪɱҺĵŮҲɱĲΪˡ
Ů˫۱䣬ȴΪ
óһҩŮ۵죬ҩСĵ˽ȥһˮŮۣҪȥ
ˮߵ齺ϥŮɢϵĶ
վŮȥ
ŮۿȥǺºͣƱסŮ۵ɨ衣
ɨ˵о綾йƳ棬Ѿˣǡ
ЩʹԭҲʹ
ŮһЦҽ
һᡣ
ŮЦһ£𴦣ˣȥɣǶ겻ҹ°ɣǵƫȥ
Ǳµӣ
˾Ҳˣȥɡ
Ů˵һ࿴Ů΢΢סСĶȻˣڲԶɺã
һȴ
Ů۲ͷһ۰࣬һõ˼ʹͣŰƵȥ
ƱߣͷǸ绪ïȴѾŮӡ
뿪Űȥƫƫд齣˵ƫ޵ˣǻǵһݾ˭ҲܸģƫͲˣλʲôҪ֪ģɱš
˵ԱɣҲ¡
˵ˣƿȥĵĹΡ
ߺƿаӣȻһЦ޷Ƿ
̾ϢôӣȻǻʷˣ
屻ӵһɶԼ˸ڣʷǹй
Ƕûйж࿴壬ϸƬ̲ʣǴ
֪
ռǿĳʴ
ǻʴǱ岻ãҲƽϣƢǺõĺܡ
߿һۣǹԹԻû˶
̿ɫ˳ʷЦʲô
ûʲôһ㵹˱£ƽҲˣ˱ǣʶȤ
ɫѿƷЦˡ
Ű绨Цඨ񣺡һֱţʱģһֱҲ벻ˣȴԲˡ
ƴʱɫǳ׺ˡ
֣ûŭ
££½˵µĶˣһֱ취ѹƣҲûҵⶾ֮
µĹƶ˵¶Ļʵۡ
ƶ÷ĵѪҩģȻ˱µÿԲͻƶ׶֮ʹ޷
´Ӳֻ֣עǡ
ᣬֻǲԲĿǡ
ⶾ˵Ҫͻ⿪ƳͻЩÿÿûмᣬԽԽʹࡣ
Ҳһղһˡ
ʣǹƶʱ򣬿أ
ƳҲ֣㸸ϵѪҩԲ֮ҹ±ȣӶҪⶾֻҪ˺϶Ϊһû¡
ֻǶԽԽǲϣҲûа취
ƣС
ƳһҪİ⣬ˡ
ô˵Ƿµģµģʣͷ
ΪʲôأҪǷˣúŮۣҪҲûɡ
Цˣ壺أ
Ʋ⣬塣
(δ)

߰ʮ ٻ

ĻʵӦϲŮ۰ɣֱԲ䣬ͷ
ûλӴͣʱĴӺͶֱɻ֮꣬ҷŮʱʮ꣬һġ
ֻλӶŮһ飬ŮȴֻԶһøС
ӴĻǽӽŮۣŮ۶ȻܾˣһγУȴӽԵ
˱һκͬ£Ů۲ӳߡ
ǶڶͷϣŮҲˡ
ҵŮ۵ʱŮѾû£ǻһĻʵۣʱ˹ƶ
󲻾ãŮ˶ⶾǹ£һŮҪΪʴŮ۲ͬ⣬Ǳ²ߡ
¶¹ƣҪˣ֪طն񣬵ǲ֪طôյġ
ϵʲô㲻ˣ뻹顣
Ъţģȥȥƿһ۹壬Щ
ЪŰɡ
ȥЪţ˵Щ˯ˣԭΪѹҲŲ
ƫϲȥЪš
ŮۺͰ˵һϵĻҲϲϢ㴫ּ⣬Ůҹһҹδߣղϳˡ
в޴ĶѾϰŮΪҺ󹬶糯飬ֻǾãŮ۲Ӱ¼ɡ
ٴμŮ۵ʱĴϣһͷ˿ɢ䴲齣
Ůü޾˵˵ĻŮۿȥǿľ
£ɨ衣
Ů֣ˣ̫ˡ
ûйƶϵĶһԽ⣬ϧҲơƺΡ
ŮûлӦȴ˵нƵķӣҲȷɲԡ
ȻǲԣҪǿͽˣҿҪȥУȥĻʵۣӦܽġ
Ҳȥҹûгɹ˵
ƿһߵĹ壺ү㲻˵ҲҪȥôҪȻȥһа취ġ
ҲãȷʵҪȥ
Ӧתȥ׼
ƿһŮۣ˵ȥĵطҲȥǧһ
ƿ򰲽£ȥ
·СġѾôˡ
ŮۿŰȥıӰ񣺡ӣЩʱӣ磬˵أ
š
ƴӷ﹬뿪Źǰܿ׷ˣһͬǰû𱸡
·˼죬·һȥʹ
ĻʹҲףΰƺ͹ȥʱ˲ȥ
ϾﻹĽݡ
˽ܿĹ޺ޣǳĺҿȥҪŮ۲ࡣ
˼۱ȥ˹ȥƫ顣
Լ˵ɣҿǡ
ҪȳȥһˡҪȥһ뿪
£һ˹ֵ۷֣Ҫ鷳
Ҹүȥ
š
ãҹ뿪ʹ
ƵǣȸȥլӣȻ󣬵ʡ
˱½ͷͬߵ˶ˣƺҲΪ˷£ϾͬŮݱ΢Ůӣٺһ
ҲˣǸ磬εӡ
Ӽһ£ûӲֻͦĿӽžͲӹ壬֡
һɫӣһѰˡ
²μүƿӵϥ£д
Ȳ裬ƿҪȥѹһ¹ֱۣⱭˡ
ƿǻϴǼɲ㻹ʶôҶϲˡ
˵²ϵҲû
ǣҼǴˡƶһڲ裬¸˹壬ŶȲ衣
ͷүˡ
ЪŰɡŰȥЪţĻȻŹ˹ֱŰƣ˲ѡ
ͣ£壬벻㶯ô죬ԽԽ죬Ĳҷҩ㰾˶á
忴ۻİƣԷô˵¶ˣ
ˣҵȻ¶ˣһѶƣϹ׹֮
㵽˭㲻ǻ
ԷһЦ˺ϵƤһͬ˳֣ˣŹüͷһ̧Էš
Էһ䵽ϡ
Ҫȥ˵ɣ
Ű˻ȥʱƲ˵үû
Ǹʲôٻɫ࣬©֮⡣
ѣӵǰϣֻ֨֨лǺӵһɺ̣һŤϣֱʧ
ٻȻҽһ˫۱ѣһ̲ŨˮۿðѪ
(δ)

߰ʮ 鲻

Ʋ㱻ѪŪһһߣٻ˫ֲС
˭ѾҪˣ˵ȥ
ſƣһɱڣȻƽȴһɾ޴ķŭַŭƼټ
룬壬ԶҲҲҲáٻЦ
ˣѾңţЩ͹ˣܲ˵ĵط࣬ҲҪķ˲ڹУȻѾ֪˭ˣɱ͹ˡ
Ҳڱƿ֮Уɱӣ練ơ
Ҫɱӣٻһ£ƿ壬˵Ļ˵ãͰѼٻըˡ
ô֪ţٻǹˣ˵ķΧҲСˣٻûҲνˡ
ּݣһӣٻԽѣôĶ֪
Ƶһǹ壬Ĺ塣
ڴǸһ뿪˴ɱ쳣ˡ
ٻ廹أ˽˲һڲѼٻʬסֳ˴ȥ
ߵһ߿⣬ûĺ䣬ȥүô
˲ڹ
弸Կ϶ƿȥô֪ողѾ̽ˣ
ٻֻһӵɱ֣֮н죬Ϊץ˻ոձ̽ʱ򣬿йһ˿ǳЦܵ⣬ƭ˱ⲻ֪Ҳƭˡ
ȻƭǾͱۣӦòڻʹ
أ
Ȼǹˣ˭Ҫ飬ˣҪϢ
תȥϢƸȥ£үصġ
ڼ֮УãǱģҲǿĵطҪҪһˣʣѡ˻
ΪүġȻǿˣڷ飬Ϊ˻Է顣
۾ڱ߳ȷʵѷɫһЩΪ˱Ҫ˵طӶ࣬࣬һ˶סЩ˱ѣᣬΪ޴
죬
ʱ󣿡
ʮꡣ嵭Ȼ
Ƕûˣ
ˣ걾ʱȻ˵˶Ŀѡ
ү̽˾ڣ㻹ߣ
ǲһǱʲô˸߱˵Ƕƭ˵۾Ҫģ硣
̫ذɣ£۹壬û˵ɼ鲢á
үǵģ
鵢ȥ۵飬Ρ
ȲżżӣҲżˡ
岢δش𣬰ƺܿ˯ˣҹѹûˣģ˵Ѿܳʱˡ
վƿһ£塣
飬û֪ҵġ
ת£һˮ
ƿһ۴⣺ʲôʱˣ
ˡ
ʲôʱȥģ
˯žˡ
ȥˣ
ˡ
ܲ˷飬ԭû˵ϧģҲãôˡ
˸ֻм壬ȷʵϰߡ
뵽ĽݺòͶ̥һΣͶ˶ʮ꣬ȴ磬һ㶼Сˡ
Ƶһᣬ춼˻ûȵƱЩżˡ
ȥʣﲢ׽Ϊ޷԰Ρ
ƵǲΪȻתʱ˵鲻Һܷ룬Һ׿Է롣
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ΪƵĻ֡
⻹ǵһΰôȴ¡
壬С
ĵĻʧ
СǸӣʲôϲ
ĻϲϲӻشķƵ񣬵Ŀͣĺܻϲ
ʱйŵˣǲʺįȴȲ˴ʱһ֡
סЦİƣʲôЦģһŮӣѾз֮Ц֪ΪҪӳǽˡ
⻰ɲ˵ġתȥڿ⿴Ժⰲ
ϻûƲģȥҹ塣
ŹҲûԺ˿ʼæµˡ
ߵ˴Ķ·ƶЩϰߣŮݼ䱰΢Щɷ࣬¥ŮӸĸҲø¡
ŮʵҪҵĻ࣡
(δ)

߰ʮ 

ŵһᣬ׼ԺˣߵʱûʲôתĹ壬һɫ·׿Խ˹ȥ̧ͷ塣
ס֣ۣúϢôϾͳˣ
ߡ ƻͷ۷飺Էɡ
ˣ˵Щ£԰ɡ
Űƻȥƾ֪ʲô£صӰ£⿪£תȥѺ󱳸ƿɫ涼Ѫۣһ£ô£
·϶һѪۣѪ۲£µѪ䶯Ķ
ǣ
ϸȻǻ⵹һ
үǳӣ
ŰƣҹȥһʹĻ꣬ǱߵĹѨһͨȥʱʲôˣʱŷԾ֪ˡ
ӣƲãĶˣ
ǣ
Ƕ䵽һȥ͸ĺܿ죬Ӿ￪ʼˡ

ϸŹֱϣСһƬѡ
ү¡
ƿӣ濪ʼð̣жǾ綾ޱȣӿʼ궯ȴŹƤ꣬ҧɫѿ
˶ҩֻĶ굽˹Ƥ档
˿Ц£үֻһĳӣǹƳ档
忴ƣ֪ڻûˡ
Ҳ֪ܲܺǽǷֳģиĸŶԡ
ϸ۲죬۾ͼͳĸͨЩӵܳƵġ
۾ү˵
嵹⣬ȥ¡
סһߣٶȱ۾ͳĸ
Ц£۾үԸ뿪
ô
嵹е⣬ƲԺͶｻҲܺͳӽ
ľǳӡ
ȥһһѵӣĸһӣɫһơ
ү԰Ҫĸ
ۣǰ
ưƷŵϣĺ˺ѵۣʱţųҲˡ
У΢Ц
ʱңôۣҲҪЦԶԡ
忴ŰЦסϢ
·ʲ˺һƬǸӱϣƿѪܵĶڹļϻȦȦƺò뿪ֺ̰ŵѪȡ
չ򣬺һɵ˰ƵϣҪʾҪ
û
СĴָСһѪɫİǿɫģʱ򣬰ƿĺǽӵɫġ
Сһڵ˰Ƶģ˽ȥ
һȥı̼ʲôʼҪҡͷȥ
ҪЩŪȥԸǰѱˡŭ
ƿģСһԱ˲ţŷסĵĿӣȥ塣
ɫעΧƵһȦڵĺڶȻѪǿĳǺɫġ
ߵߣıҩ۵ϣҪſ¡
ſ°˵ŵ㣬ЩҩۿܻḯʴƤ⣬ָҲܿ죬үøˡ
ţ
忴һ۶ſŵĶʲôø
үһֹϵĳӣгӣֻгĸҲŻǽɫģĶǺɫһŻһֻĸϳĸͻȥ
һص㣬ҪԹƳ棬רųϵĹƳ档
ҪڳԹƳ֮ǰúõĳѪܽҲүѣѪҺǼõ̲ƷԳӺϲүһӾ֪ˣˡ
ӿڲ֮ǰ߰ꡣ
үȥĹزǳĵطǸҹȥġ
֮үΪүҰֻү塣
ΪڸأЩá
ΪܺҹͨɡƸ˿ڣȥӣܵ˵øˣ˳ӣͲȥʲôƵķˣӾܡ
ȥһˮѳŵˮúøϴ˸衣
ϴɹɾƶˮ£ĳӾ͸ڶƵȫӿˮϴ˸ڵɹ
ϷȽӻҪĿĹ⣬ƾһ£һƯĺɰȥһ̫ۣûþ˯ˡ
ɰðƴؿڣӷ˽ȥ
ʱߣȻȥҪϲС壬ȥ
ȥ壬˵ĲᣬҲ˯ˡ
(δ)

߰ʮ ҹ

˯ѾǰˣƸ˼ҩ裬
ûѪһǵӰ壬ǲõ̫죬˾ҪƱ㵣һȥһ
Թ£Ҫȥơ
үȥԳӵҲҪʳƴϹ壬˷ȥɵ׼
忴һᰲƣҪȥĵطûйƳ档
үȷ
ȷ岻õĹѨʲôƳ档
ҲûүȥүȥĵطҴųӳȥ
ɫһŲΪ˱ųȥ
Ȼǣүźαشң׸
˭˵׸ˣ
Ϊүȥûң
㡭˵ʲôϰ˫˵۾ְѻȥ
үһң㾡ܷȥ顣ʰãӵӣת뿪
ͷһŮĵλ£ܲ
ŰƾſڵţûһͳˣֿʱȻзڰƵߣǷġ
һ뿪ֱĻ괦
ԶƲŴų뿪
ߵĿ죬ҲûѰ˦ǰ󵽴꣬յ˻ſڣ˸ţת忴ȥڵҹŵһرζɡ
ƴһ߳ȥסƣ
ү
ǲ
ҲǷҪģҹʱߵĸġ
ûŰƣȥɡ
үˣȥһгأһЦ忴·ôԶôڣ
ű뿪벽
á
תסƵ֣ŰƳŻȥ
ƹ۲죬ǣΧһЩʯͷĶֵĹ
ߵ޵ǰſڹͣ£Ǵȥġ
үǻԽȥûи˷֡
š
ţŰһȥ
ɭɭ䣬һŰƾ͸оһϮ
Ҫ򿪻ӣĹģܲ׼ĹĹߣ
ǰȻҰѵģлӴĹĶ
Ҳ¹ĹѨġ
ƲȲͱ尴ס֣岻ô
겻ĵط˿أһͻᱻ֡
ŶưЩˡ
˻ӣŰƵֳȥҹãƸһ·Ȼߵ޵ſˡ
޴ţһƾͿˡ
ƴ򿪻ӣû˿ˣԲ±
Űƽȥĺˡ
үһΣնûô
УУˣǰһεطǰȫģû֮
ƸߣһΣĹͺͺģʲôûС
үӦ÷ŶԣڿʲôûС
ﾭ⴦ĻطĻ겻ǺһǵĹѨ氲ûأ඼ǳӣɱ˲ٳӣﻹгӵʬ塣
ƴʱſȷʵкܶӿǡ
үҪӣȥô뵽գһɱĳӣҪǲѣһֱŶԡ
ͻȥֻ˳ӡ
Ϊүֱأ
ûƲʣүΪʲôҪڻˣϾ˯ĵط˻ܽţ
˸˾Ͳˡ
үɣˣ
ĹƶԭǷԴˣΪƳʼٿʬģڻҲ֡
Ȼǲ˻Ҳ˵Ļ˾ۡ
ţӦ겻ĵطûλȨ֮˵綼ᱻ֡
ߵĹ棬ǰһʯţƻͷһֿۣʯţҪȥؿڵĿڴһζҲ˻
ɳɳٴλͷȥĳѾӿ˹ǺҹеĴھƺ͹ʱԶ㿪ʯţʯ̸ϣ쳣}ûţƻֱƤ񣬺ëˡ
ץסЩ£Ϊܼ־֢ɡ
嵹ûкܴķӦ
ĸӰǰĺɰſںɰڵĵطɿ򣬺ɫĳʯϣǲӿ
˵ĸѾȲҪȥˣȤĶ˵ˡ

忴ۣߵʯǰĳӣĴѰңǲҿǺµġ
ҵһһšʯŷ֨֨µʯһ
ó룬˳ûˣҲûӣֻǺһЩѡ
(δ)

߰ʮһ Ƴ

Ӵ˲룬ƿ۹壬гӴͷͲˡ
˽ȥĹңΪῴײģĹûйײģҡ
峯һȥѾ˽ȥĸҲȸԾȥſڡ
߽ϥһˣ˴һɫ·ݹǣҲЩˣͷһ٣һɫıӡ
ֳС
ԶԶľżǹŵζȥʱ򣬸оЩϤ
˭ʣԷŵ۾
ա
ԷЩɳƣǷ
˵ӦܴȻǱߣƱһ˵۾һֻǺɫġ
㡭
ԷʯͷߵƵǰϺ࣬Էʱһǵڻĵذϡ
Щ˿ŰƳ񣺡㲻գŮ
ʮֿ϶Ҳסˣ㻹ţ
¶Цݣýһʸ
ЩãȻһʱв
һЦִ̧źһˣһ
һ°Ѱƻڻס
Ĵһ۹壬δʲôӦʣʲô
ơ
Ϊβշأĺ֣ſƣתġ
û뵽˳ôˡ
˵ƱСڴĽͣԲ⡣
ƶ֮أܰ
ǶˣҪˣˣŮҲˡ
Ůۣʲô֪
պòã
ƿ˿Ĺңʵڲ˵ĵطҪ뿪С
ȳȥ
ߣȴûĸֱӷɹȥ䵽ĵؿڣȸԾһֱĴ
߲ˣʲô忴һߣƣСĵ㣡
š
ȥߵſھͿˡ

̧ͷӵףȫˮ
ӡ
ҪӣҪ
ץӵʱϿٳһЩӣӿʼ꣬תæ˹ȥ
һĸҲĸͽлĳ˲ӿϹ壬˲뿪ˡ
忴һϣЩӶˡ
Ŵ򿪣Ҳ˸ǰͣһͷĸ棬ĸ治뿪ſĵؿڵȡ
עŰƷޣŰѻųŹ壬Ǹˮ򣬶ˣȫʹһ
£Ҳ˹ȥסɨ裬һ£Ķӣһ棬׳
Ҫɨϵͳţһ׵ĳ˵
ǣһסȭͷĻҳȻһ¡
˵ǹƶûнⶾ֮ǾȲģˣҪŮѪӣȻѱɡ
ʱĸȡ˸֣ܲһֱĸ棬ܷ磬ɧƵġ
ĸϲ֣ȻãǸ߰뿪ģɵ˰Ƶؿſš
Ƹ˵Ըȥ棬ֻ
˵ȥ˵棬˻
óӣǾҵѪ
΢΢üͷһǸ˷֮ʵ
ûش𣬹˵ӡ
סôࣿ
ŮıЩãŶôã
̥û𴩣֪ǹġ
ĸסˣ̥

Ѿ˵ˣƹ˲׼ٵ˵ӣֻҪŮѪһҪûлģ֪ҵ˼
ƿ˻ģô֪ϲҵѪ
֣ûнƵŮѪҲûãοԳɻ顣ѾߵƵߣҪߵӣһ⽣Ӱ¹ŮŵԲУˣ
統Ϊ޺޵һ仰ʱˣ벽ȥһ
ûиҪңҲԲģҲ˺Լ֪ǹң㲻صҡ
ƺ˼Ļһ̷˹ȥ򣬶㵽˰Ƶ·档
ҪڣƳ治
үÿ˲һǳһᵽϵϢû굽鷳ˡ
վ˵һȥ
ӣóס
ŰƣҲϵ㣬ӡ
Ǳ
¼
ٷϻ졣
ſ죬ҷϻ
ƵѪһһ䵽ϣĶӿʼӿ¶ʹ飬üͷ塣
ŤˣƳܿ©ͷ
ľ㵿ŮôܣӣѲŮ
죡
ӱŵ˻ȥŭˣһ£עŮ·𿴵޵ӡ
˻
ڻſţɫԲͷһ⣬ʮֶģڶڻϣϢ
(δ)

߰ʮ ĸһ

ƵţˣƳһᣬû̲ס˳
Ƴܽƻһ˵ͻ᲻кܴ
ʱƳܵգȴܵţ̽ԵĽȥҲ첻ˡ
ƶżˡ
忴Űƣüƿô߹Щ˵ȫͲУȥͲٳˣһҪ
ƳһһֱһףƺѪҪɿˣƳЩżһӿªһѪܵĳӣܶġ
ƼӿƳϸˡ
βͻצӣһֱצӳƻںˡ
뿪ˣƳٳŰƹȥ
ү
һ̻ס˻뷢Ƴ汻룬ڵŤϵĳӴ˲ϯ˵ϵĹƳ棬Ƴ淢˻Ѿȥˡ
˳ڰƵĶ졣
ƿģҲһӣ
ϲѪĿŮ۲ѡ
δءóϵһҩȳȥĵؿڶһ£ʹһסĿڡ
ʲô
裬յġƿ۹壬ΪҪúģû뵽ˡ
ԣҪͳˡ
һЦá
Ŀһָ֣ϻһѪİȥ
õֻһѪĿˣȻ˿ھͻϡ
ѻŵһߣƣĵֱۿʼ飬ʲôֱ۹ɶ
ƿ۳ҲǽɫģȻһֻġ
ɫĳŰƵķɣϵĳȻ˳һҧס˹Ƴ棬ֻڿдգƵĳʤƳҧԵĺ
վԭأעŵϱĳӣǺƽ
ߵƵǰƣӸ׼̾ϢүҪҵѪȻ
һ£ǸưҲ᲻ãܻƵĹͣҪţΡ
ȥסɨ裬ȷûƳˣŰѪȡ
ң˵ȰɣǶҩĶҩɱˣ˿ǿ塣
ȻҲΪʲôѪҩԻô
㲻״̬ȷʵѪӲΥ
ƾòˣ̲סѪڡ
Ա굽˰ؿڵĺɰ棬ҲҪϢ
Űƣû£
û£ѪҲûȹƴȤ忴Ȼָĺܿ죬Ҳ𾪵ĿԼ壬ܿͲˣЦЦ
ӵ߬߬ȭͷӣһˡ
ţȳȥ
˵ųߣû
תô
š
Ÿһ
߳ĹѨĿһĹѨһߣʣʲô
游ĹѨȥҲá
˵ҲܰǷӦãžʹˡ
סȥŵĲֳˡ
ƿ۹壺үȥͻȥҵŮ˺ҵġ
Уġ
ҿԱԼһˣ˭Ҳ߲ˡ
忴ۻȻָһЩҪһ˻ȥС
˵ȳȥѣһᱣơ
ʣҪã
ȷߡ
ƹ壺үȻȥ
һȥ
УڼҵңҪ£֪ͨү
סƣһ£֮ǰңҲȥʹ
š
Ƶͷ뿪ŹˣƲתĽȥ
߽ȥŰƣߵߣĵͷƣĸһϲк·ǵõһμʸʱΪŮڻʸߣȾƳ⣬ȥˣԺ
һ˯Żˣ
ȾЦ⣬תȥ棬Щ꣬ӵģֻȣ˵ԭһ㶼Ƿޣ⡣
ӰǲСӡ
Ʋ˵ĸţĺЦ㰡ǣĸһĸʱ˵£͸ɴһԲ
ŮԺʮҲ֪Ϊʲô뵽˾һ䡣
ͣ£ŰƣŮۣǲ
Ҫ˵ģѡ
Ц崺磺Ƣĸһģһûж٣ӲСҽаˣ䵹ǺУ
תȥⰲ˵ģƸں棬Ҳ޻˵
߽ټĹңƷֶ解ʯ䣬ֱʤգȻҲǼʶģҲˡ
(δ)

߰ʮ Ƴ

Ʒһɫģ
š
İ˰ƣûҪ˵ĶҪ
ǻʸģţҲãҪЩʲôϲ߱ǡ
ǵطƶ񤣬ӹǲôãүվǸүϸǰȻǲôڰɣǮûܰôˣеǲƴ֣ǮڴǸطȻ˵ȡ
ȹЩӼĸʣΪǷĻʴҲĹȻŮݱ΢ĵŮȻǴͬġ
Ȼ˵ݺܸߴƵġ
ĹҿǰǼ餣һģмλãߵм䣬мǿڹ񣬻ͷʾⰲƹȥߵĵߣ˵ڣǼ򵥵иɣ鱦ʲôͶˣ͵Ǹļɡ
ȻӶҲֱ̫ˡ
Ŷ
ǼʳŹ񣺡Ƽǣ
ĺЦˣȥ游
תȥǰ棬˹ȥϱߣһ̽Ĺ餣ͣ£һ餣ƣүүĹײкö
Ŷ
еãȻоĹƵġ
ĹģʱһƬģһ̤ǽϵĵƾԼˣǱȺЩƿضá
ʣŮ㲻һֱϲգӶˣҲˣҪʹӹײɡ

ƲЦ˵ģ
ߵײһߣ̧ƿײģŹײ￴ȥƳں˹ȥ
ײһˣʮ꣬۾˯ĺܰꡣ
ϴλεһۣһ顣
Ŀһᣬȥ˳飬ߣ˱˻ҽ
ȻģİѳȦڰƵĲϣ˹ײһź顣
ɫҲ٣ƺǲһ
ʣʲô
ǹƳ
İѺŵؿڵС棬ĳʼ궯濪ʼˡ
ƿ˳ܺƵģҪҸʲôطסô£
ƳǳеĳȻӺרųԹƳ棬Ҳ¹Ƴ
ΪƳʳֻгĸ档
ŵðһ
ھɱƿɲЩ־ҪƳ
֪ΪʲôƳҪʬϣ
סŮ̧֣֪
ļңһͻʱͻ˵ģҪͲԣҪͳԡ
Ҳʬ塣Ʋá
ķϲӻʸͳˣ游ֵģʸ˯ʱڻʸĶϡ
ʸҲʬ塣
֣ʲô˼
ɵѾͷռ֮ưԣռжͣռг
ռҵרƹƳˡ
ƳԿˣƳĳȴڳѰˣǴˡ
Ƴֻ˵ߣŻ᳤󣬳һ顣
˰ˣ͸㣬㲻ҲҪ㵱
ڣġ
ΪʲôԼҪƻ治ϡ
ĸҲôʵģأĿŮԽԽϲû뵽ܿһ
һ£㲻ϲϣҲĻϣֻĸһ𡣡
ĴţҲԺˡ
һЦܴĸһ
ҲϡҲҪô˵ҡ
ȷʵϡ׼ѹƳó
ԲϡƳڱĳĸͻᱻԵ£ʱֻҪǽ䣬Ͳ¡
Ƴһֻһӣһġ
Ҳţǲһ
ƳͳӱһǷһģֻɫͬһֻǽɫһֻǺɫɫǳӣɫǹƳ㿴ӵĳӣǺɫô
ƿŵϳ񣬿ģҸ뷨
°Ƶļ򣺡ɵѾͷһõĸģƳԭǽ˿ϵһ֣˿ϳһֻ࣬ռƳˣĹƳ棬ƷƳǿԺƳġ
˳ĸ棬͹Ƴ㲻ܺƳ棬ԱĸҲ㹻ˡ
£㲻ƭҵģ
ûеƭ㣬ѵ֪ӵĸһҪеһνģȻȥ
ƾⳬΣͲǺ͸׸ĵĻ⡣
ƫƫô棬ֻøҡͷ֪
(δ)

߰ʮ ʹ֮

һЦ֮仹ûﵽ¯ʱ㻹ɬĸʡ
һƴȥ׵ô˵ġ
УƳǷҪ㱾˵Ը鱩꣬Ҳ꣬ҿպʣ²᲻ֲ
ûӦѾûӦˡ
߰ɣȳȥĸˡЦĺһˣƸһţ㻹ǱˣͬݹǣͲԺʮȺŹ
Ů뿪ڻ濴һЩˣһ˴źɫ̽ߵӣͲСˣͷϵɫ¹¶ˡ
վ˶ʮˣЩ˫ĿͣǺס
ƿģ˭
޺޵צվȥ˵Ʊȥ˺棬ʲôΧĵϿʼӿɳɳʼ꣬Ѿѳŵ˺ɰ棬˽ܲԸȥΣգ֤£Űѳƭ˻ȥ
Χ˴󶯸ɸ꣬Ҳˡ
ɳҪæȴֺܶĶߣ߿ٳЩϮȥߴս̼俪ʼˡ
վںսûеģЩҲߣмǸҲһֱڲٿЩˣЩ˺ܿ챻ϵ˿
˵ڵϣһѪ
ӻôû뵽Щڰյĵطûлķ˹
˫ֱ󣬵ȻһЦˣûУǲһţһţǵڡ
㲻ǵĶ֣Ϊʲô˻ġ
ΪŮΪӣʱѾУҺǴ󶯸ɸ꣬ƱҪǻţ棬޺̫̰ˣɱұһ˰ˣƫҪƳãҳˣҲҪˡ
Ҫɱϣ
˼ѵһɫһԷЦʲô˳Ѫſڵϣһ׹ųĳķ˹Ŀ䣬ϵ߳ӿȻǰɫĶһΪһֻĹһֻŰƹɫһȥӦֻתס˰ƣҪסơ
˭֪ؿһֻɫĶɳ˲䴩͸ֻɫĹƳ棬Ƴ䵽£źڳɵĵļϣſſš
뿪ƣŤͷżϵСڳ棬ͼ׳ָ࣬״СֻͨڣɫĹâ
Ӻ¹Ƴڴﲻɪɪ
Ҳϻס˴ӣùƳȥ
ŹƳˣ
ƳĶĵĻƴʱŷ֣Ƴúͳûκηֱ𣬴СҲһ
ƳɵƵϣҪȥ
ƺܼȻĳȥˣﲻļҡ
Ƴ͵Ľлü棿
ͣ
ɿ֣Ƴ˽ȥʼͦڣ׷ϣҲܵģ˿ֻӵһ𣬲ŰƲŷġ
˵ϷģѾˣ߰ɡ
Ƹоռ˸ˡ
뿪·ϻ֪ʲôطĸֳӣ赲˱ҧ˵Ͷˡ
Ĳδ˵ֻǴŰߡ
ֱĻʹƲ˵ۿˣһû֪ͨ
˵ҪȥСЩƳԸܾ;˵ͽҧˡ
Ҫǲ˵ƻ֪ͷؿڣҲ̫аˣ
ƸӽӲ̴ӿڴƳƺǲˣת˸ȦӷԸȥĳӲ뿪һ֣ƺ޷һЩƳҲ˳ȥ
ƿЩˣֿصĳӣȻʶ˵Ļӵ˹Ƴӵ⻰ûе
ĸƺǲȥƳɲԸˣΧתȦȦ͵ıԹ˵ҽС𣬽йƳСڣǹؼʱҲûʲôҪ£Ƚȥ
С͵ģԹ治ɾƱŪС̽ȥˣĶ۷
Сһ߻ǲȥСڱһȸ˽ȥһᣬڴһʤͰˡ
ʱʹٵˣѸŮ˸Χ˵ģʶľÿҲɱ䡣
һĵ֣̿־׷׺˵һߡ
ƿģһˣҪΪԭĸŮôᱻѺڻʮ߰ꡣ
ȥȻҲײҪȻ滹Ҫꡣ
һˣܰס룬жǿ
ֵ뵽飬ôʲôᣬֻǽ˵ðɡ
˲ãǾŵð·ˡ
ĻʹƸŮ֮
(δ)

߰ʮ 

ʹУѾȫ£ֻĽߡ
۴λεĻۣվڹǰĿ棬עŽĺͰơ
ͣ£ʹյһƬһߴﻹһѻƽ𽣡
ƾⳡ̣ζû뵽н졣
һ˸ӴŵˣĻʹȻ˶š
ݱ䣺ˣ
ôĵݱ䣬ķֻǷ
ĽݿŰƣԽԸ
֪㲻óӦңֻҪҷŹŹŮۣͲġ
ôŷôô
ûзô
˶ţֲ¡
ĲԣȥҲᣬλҲҪҪôˡ
һʹ˵ʲôҪ˭ţ
ҲƽҪȥգûԣ£Ǿͱ
Ϊ˲˹֪жˣԺʮ֪ô
㣬ĺӣ
˵ӣۿƺȻ뵽ʲôŮ
㿴ôն񣡡
ۿŰƣǰ񣡡
ЩϲۣԴϵǸԺֹ֮ͶԵûʲôøС
ۿŰƣһգԭԺһ㡭
Σղϲ㣬ϲңҺΣץȴɱˣ¹Ƴɱ㡣
еǣעղϲ㡣
ȥģ˲˼ǴΣŮѾˣҪ˵˵һμ棬Ȼ˵Ůۣ۹ߣˣŹ֡
ˣģҪô
ҪΰҲõգҺջ˺ӣŮˣأʲôŮ˳ȺİôһǰĽɽҲã衣
Խã˰
۳˳ϢҲһʶҷֿʮˣѾ㣬󹬵˳Ⱥ٣صȥô
Ƿصȥĵı£㡭аѵĲϣʱȡͷ
Ŀ飺顣
硣
ּģݺݻعʮ꣬ؼգŮƣŮ۰֮ɻŮ̳дͳǻΪۡ
ƱһģҲϲ
Ϊʣ
ǡ
ۺЦģ̫̫
Ҳô㽫ӷŵϵʱҿû˵ں󹬷磬ԣҲû˵˵Ҳˣ⺢üĿӣѵĺô
Ҫ֪ҵδޣôδеĺأ
Ƶһӻӻ
ĽݿƣûѹЦһ£Ҳ˵ʲôϾ̹١
ۺЦҲ֪ζ֪СҶ٣
Լû£ң
ģģ޾͸ɱ㣡
б¾ɱ
ת飺ûҵּ⣬Ӵ˲κ˿
ǡ
ƿ飬
ŹȥŰƣ߰ɣȥ̫ϻʵĹסţ飬ȥҹ壬ҡ
ǡ
תȥæŸȥ̫ϻʵĹ;
Ҳûг֡
̫ϻʵĹˣƸŮæŹذݼĽź̫ǰ
û뵽ʮûлģڹ˵ġ
̫ϻʵĹﻹô˵
ƵǾãҪ̫ˣ̫ǿˡ
ŮƣԺǻŮ
ĵȻ̧ͷƣæŰݼƣѰֵеãȻˡ
˵ȴŮȥԡ£ȥϢԡ׼ʳԺŮĻʷ
ǡ
Ļͷһ۰ƣתˡ
źƣŮ
һãȻȥԡ£а˸Ůź治ϰߡ
ԡ˸·ƴϻɫķеãȻβࡣ
˳ڷϣһãȻ
ӹŻ
ƹһ£ǧ룬Ҳû뵽ƻᴩϻۡ
Űȥ칫æǰ񡣡
忴ȥĺˣ칫Ȼ£ȴá
˵
칫£ߵǰ̧Ƶ°ͣһߵ칫ֹ󵨣ҶԻŮ񡣡
ƺЦɷ򡣡
칫һæŹˣūŲ֪ǻʷʷˡ
δᣬסƵ֣űһ
ƿڹļϣҲǡ
̧§סƵļ򣬷ް۾ϣϢ
˵ͷС̧ͷ˯ˡ
(δ)

߰ʮ Ĵ﹬

ĳʱ򣬷˯ž˯ˡ
Ѿ˸ɾ·
ĳ񣬵Ϊ˲Ѱƺ͹壬û˵Ҳš
Ĵʱһɫۣ˿Ѿˣмӡ
һ˵š
ǡ
칫æ۾ģ˯ŵİƣ˷ŵϣǺòŴӴ
ʣ
ߵǰĴüͷ壺Ҷԣ㣬ƼȻϲ㣬ʿԳȫ㣬ֻ̫ƶˣʲϣþӣүǻϡ
뿪ˡ
ܲãĴһЦ㻹ûô
Ͱûи棬ҷ޼޷档
δأǿ˭
ĿƽЦ£⹬壬ϲˣϲûˡ
ĻҲϲŮͰ档
׼ãȥƣվһ߿ãơ
忴ȥ⣬ҪиŮҲ
ư˯ѣүأ
Ļͷ壬˼Ƭ̣˵棬ҪԸ
һɫ㲻˺
ҪѾأ
Ҫô㣬ҪôҲһˣվĺͰĸ鲻һԭҲԭԭֻϰ
ҲһȻϲһģδؾϿˡ
һЦĸһƢܼ棬Էˡ
˵תȥһĹ壬ȥ£ӳһ⡣
ЩΣû뵽ô׾ͱŪˡ
ЩǺϰߣͷϵķζժ洩·ҲȥԴ¡
һߣ˳š
ٷû˵ڸƼвˣƺ֣еöϲġ
ƳԱȥô
æŵϥ׼¹򣬰Ʒˣպã˰ɡ
лƻЩɬƺЦ
ô
Թˣ֮ǰˣòԷˣԵĺܶ࣬ûԣһֱûԡ
š
һᣬ֪ûףöˣҲãлġ
ͷȢϱɣȢϱˣҲ֪
ε˵
ŻȥΪ̫ۻϢ
صϣܿ˯ˡ
Թȥƣ¾û
һ£Ů۷յ顣
ô
忴ģҲжˣйƳ棬ҲжԴΪѰҽƵķһҵ顣
ţһҪ죬廹Ҫָȥ֪Ҫˣ뿪
ס죬칬鶼̫ϻʵĹУÿնƣ඼ڳԷϢָĺܿ죬ȻݣǻָҪȳ˿졣
壬ȹ嶼ãҲûж¡
밲ƸŮȥƵһ£ֳˣܴյһԷҲˡ
֪ˡ
ǴӦˣ磬ľͻѣŰƺ͹ˡ
ϸ屧ţĲһˣĽ紦
;Ҳûʱ˵һЩ͸˺档
Ѿʮ꣬һʮͷȴ׷ǲŶˡ
ƥҹ̣ղ͵˷Ľ紦
ѽӵɸ봫飬ĵ˸û򿪳ֱӷС
ƴʱŷ֣иǿĵжֵҡ
˵Ǵķ½Ҫͨˡ
˿յĻʹ⡣
ƱΪĻҹû뵽˹ſڣȥͨ˵ˡ
ŵһ㵣ͼҪץģĵŵò֮ȥǰࡣ
ģһ£һѳվڶĿ絶ϰƿİȫȻͬյİһɱ˵˲ݺӡ
Ŀֻ࣬΢Ƭ̣˵ÿȻߵˣȻ˺㣬ִҪֻó͡
վһ߶Щˣʱ޿̶ôţ˵ģ˵ĺǶʴʩһ
Цɱ㣬²֪»ǵġ
ô
Цĺºͣô֪ı²֪ˣ
һ£ȻתŮѾӹ˳
(δ)

߰ʮ ʱƭƭҪ

źɫķۣһһ߿ġ
úԶŮվúܽЦһ£ȥŮۡ
̶֣ΧҲ֪ʲôʱµˣмʮһ֣Ϊġ
ƿЩЩ֣ǴŻˣҴͰࡣ
˵壬ơ
֪ҲСģڰƵߡ
ʮΧĴƵҲģȻǺ˽ģŵǸ̶ȣҲ˵ûôôš
Ƭ̣ΧŮɢ˶ڵϣȴ˵վ
ʹĽˣһǧ˶
ûᣬŮۣŮȥ
˸ϾѾˡ
ߵŮǰŮ۲ûޣֻǿģЦһ£ɵˣ
ôȥĵİסյ֣ס
͵ǸΣ
᣺ҪΣ˺ǣ˵㲻˺ҵˡ
Ҳûֻˡ
ƭң
ƭϲ
һ֣ޡ
Ϊڣ㻹ʲôޣ
տĲıգת﹬Ժӡ
Ժ˲ϳţЦһ£ƽ档
ּ
̫಻ΥϾŮĵĻ
̫£Ҳԥһ¹¡
˲δ¹ֻǿģֱһ̣ǶϷ
֣᲻
ĵ֪ģһɱЩˣȻһ˴аƿط﹬
ŮΪޣ۲ݣ׷ɱΪŮŮ۸кӣ˱֮¡
񣬹
ĵͷŮۣŮβ⣿
ޡŮۻ˵꣬㱻ˡ
̧ͷ񣬲Ϊ۾ƺ󹬣ٳ
̧̫ͷŮ۲δæӦʡ
Ŀһ۰ࣺ۾ղⰽΪ˾£ٳ֮£Ҳɰһƹܣ𣬲Թ԰Ϊ԰
Ů֮򲻸ġ
ŮԾӷܹ۾Ǭ
ⰲΪʴŮ۰֮󣬼̳еλ
ǡ
̫æŴӦŵϥ£лŮ۱¡
˵Ҳһݡ
Ĳⰽл˭ֻǿһڳˣ࣬˵ػ۾ҪժϵĹƳ档
ǡ
ܹƸŹҲ롣
ָ̫ܿղǴˡ
ʱŴӹг⣬Ϊ˴Ҳ
տ򰲽ǿһ㾫񣺡硣
ɷ򣿡ǵһμģԴһ˿ϣ˷ʲôϣûˡ
ĵǿҲԤʾ˴עܵĳԽ
ĻﱧŷգմʱĻ޷ȴ࣬Ű硣

˻һڳ֮˶Ĭˡ
Ĭˡ
ȻǳĶ԰̬ȣ˵Ƿ޺ܿذ
ȻҲá
ߵͣ£֣ΪʲôԭҲ֪ǲǳʲôˡ
磬ҪΪժϵĹƳ棬ĹƳҪʹһЩƼ޵Ҳ£ֻǹ̲ܸ˴ţѾˣ֪ۺϣһ֮
˵ɡ
һڴӦյ᲻ܡ
ժƣҪҪãûҸոնҲֻˡ
ˡ
ߵյߣϵע뵽յڡ
ʱ۾ֻôˡ
ˣ࣬ȥϢտãҪʱϢָ
ǡ
̴߰ƴԵţ϶͹顣
Ȼ
塭
˵ɡ
㸺˽£գǽǴѡˣرǰ࣬ةฮˣܺةฮȻǲͬ
֪ˣڵҵ
ᣬŮ۵ƣǼȻǻʴķǽĵ۾֪ô
İӵ˶ӣſΧ
ƴϣ¹
ƣ۵ҲˣСģԸǣǲֻΪҪƻҾĸʵ飬ʸѾоõδ˹Ƴ취ֵһ󣬹ƳҪһʱ㣡
š
ӦƱŹȥ棬ˣ˽᣷¡
ձ˴ЩΪ飬Ťǲ¹ƭң
ʱǲƭҲҪˡ
죬·⿪Ѹ
(δ)

߰ʮ ը̫ӹ

ӷܹƿ۹壺үãҿӦô
û˵ɣű
ҲңһԽˡ
ƱﲻסЦүڳˣ
ͺˣûͺˣԭ°ѼӴȥϱȥˡ
ԭȢǸС㣬˻ʴŮˣбνܣꡣ
ʣүˣ
Ȣƣ
޶ӣҡͷң
ڣڡ
忴Ƶס֣վڸ̨Ͽ棬Ѿ﹬Щûá
ſƿ˲Űÿ˵ǲǸȥ·
ˣҪϵã·ҲϵãҪǲϵã·Ҳá
ƿˣʮˣŶǷĳˣ඼Ůˡ
˽̹˵ϣ̧ͷ
̫̳ڹĶ档
ȥɡ
̫ЩǵĿһ۹壬Ҳ֪вС
̫˺һߣ屳ȥƿΧǶԸǱߣ̫ģֻҪ˺ͿԷΡ
ǺˣΪ׵Ůʮ꣬һɫͻɫƴӵӣɺףϸﱧŵ˺ة࣬ةˡ
Ů۵Ůƣķ嵭Ȼ
ȻһЦ󵨿ͽҼðҷãԼ̣ˣ¡
һȺųǹѹΧ
˭ңŮ۵֣ɲҰóһ£ں
ȲҪǣǼٵģʷڣһǱˣˣة͡
׼°ƺ͹塣
˻֣Ľ˳ȥ
˫˴һ𣬰ԸȥԸƣĶ䶯˶ժ˰ϵ룬һɱ˰Ӳ˲ڵϣΧһƬ
ǰ鿴Ѿԡ
ʲôŭʡ
ǹƶӦĵ˱ᣬҲͰˣϣֹֻˡ
㡭һƶŷɥ
֪ŮܹƶȺɵƶ
Ů۵Ⱥ꣬˾ٱ򣬾ǿʢô򵥣зɵĹƳ档
忴ˣ壺˭
㵽˭ʣǸˡ
ƿԷĴţǻˣͼ
Ը
ǡ
ΰϲȻȥʱ򣬴š
̫࿴һ۹壬Υȥΰ
ƿ£ûеĿӣ⵭Ȼǣ˭ϡ

ѻȸһ˸ϡ
ǷˣѹֲܰŮŮо綾йƳ棬Ҳû˻λܻҲȷʵǸ漣
ôһͰסˡ
˲廹ҪȲ裬̫æȥ˲ӰڷźãȲ衣
һݲȣڵˡ
˺£Ϊгӣһ£ʹǳ֣ڵϹ
嵹µĲ趼Ǻˡ
һӣ˶ˡ
ʹһЩȥЩƵģ˵֡
˳ӣʧŵֱð
ͷ۾ʼɹ̫
費ãɡ
۾Ը˴Ҵ蹬ûȹóӺˣ˵ãǾǳ
˲ɫ
ؿڶ˶壺үȥߡ
۾ƣߡ
ߡ
˵ת˹С˵жˡ
ûУǾǹС
˷ܹƳŷʲô𶯣ʹȥǴһ𣬹˱ŵòᣬǿš
ܿӾʹˣѾŰʣΪʲôʹǣ
ǵŮҵȻԲٿء
ﲼ˳˳ȥ
ʱһЩѾ棬˰뵽ĽݣֻĲ֡
үĽˡ
۾Űƣȥ
ƿȥǣүƳĻƷŵ
°ɣԵֵҪǲȰɱɡ
쳣ĮֱȥЩǱߡ
Ľݣĸ㡣
ĽݶȻû뵽ôһͲĵ
ĽվȺУδ¶档
ȴѾϳĽݣ̨һ߹һ˵ʱ˳ʹȻը̫ӹ
(δ)

߰ʮ ϲ

㵱Ϊǧﴫ
ĽݺЦȺ˳
ԣȥѾָƣȻûвȺ飬ǱҲһʡ
֮ǰ׼㸸۱һ۰вã㲻ڣ˽ȥףϱźٽը̫ӹ߲ųȥ̫ӹԼۣ¡
ô֪һĽݲŹδ֪
ǿ绰ͨţƸ˵µʱ򣬱ѾڳıһЩˣֻûҪ֪Ը㱣֤ʱȥ̫ӹȻը

ĽΧֻ֡
С
ܡ
ɲ£ұ֤ը̫ӹ
ְ̧˰ڣһٶ˲ӷÿ˶Ƭһһӡ
ĽڵֱѪӣרȡԴġ
ˡ
ĽѸٺˡ
һ
Χ˲ǰչɱ¾Ľܶ㿪ȴ㲻Щȫӡ
Դһ˦һĿꡣ
ʮ˺ܿʣ¼ˡ
Ƭ˺ܿ˱Ƶ˺󷽡
˵֪ĹƳ㲻ʹԣ²¡
Ľһ£Ѿˣվڼ˱ֱð
Ҳ޷ҲǻµģȻзǡ
ĽݿĺȦվ߬סˡ
ʵڿȥ˼ߣ̹٣Ȼȥұ֤ү
ĽݲĵһЦŴ뿪
ƿ壬ֿһ۵ϵͷ­ʬ塣
ү̹ľԼսѣѾ꣬ʮ㲻ɱһŹ㡣
ǣʱ˵ҪŹˣ
תȥ±۾Ϣ
꣬ɱôˣǸ򣬲ɱ˿ħ
ʰˣƲŻȥ¡
ʱƵĺɰ濪ʼζһɫĶʼ⣬һˡ
ƿȥСǸɫĶſš
С˳ܰƵſںɰſš
ʣҪʲô
С͵Ľл
ү˵СѾ˳Ѿҵˣǲ
ڲڰɣʱȵȵȡ
ţСҪʳˣҪҵһֻСⷽ治ͨ͹
Ҳ֪гӣԼҰɡ

ƺСڽ֪ŮڵĹƳѾˣҪֻƳС𲹳Ӫ
ʣǳˣ
һʱǹŴˣֻҪ֪ʱǡ
ڻ㲻ʱ䡣
˵תܹûϢҲ֪ʲô
ٵһᡣ
ǺС˵ģСںȻͷʱ̫ະƳѾȡʴȥ
˷ܹʱһɵӣһͷڷ磬Եࡣ
ֱѪֱ̧۳
ƽű㿴СĵֱϣһҧסʲôڿпʼǸ䵽ųһɫ򣬰ȥðźģɫģͨ͸ͼϺ࣬ҪϺƯʵܿɰ
ʣǹƳ棿
š
Ѿֱ۲סˣСڵƳ泯ŰƷɣѰһСɳס˹Ƴ棬䵽ϳ
СһߣɫĹƳ΢һҧһڡ
ƿĳɫĹƳǱһ룬ǺСĻǶ֡
СڣƺǰɫĹƳֻܱųԵ
ԱˣСͻȥˡ
СҲ˻ȥ
ʱȥģԵ˹弸䣬˴档
΢縡ܿ˯Ůۣʱ˲٣û֮ǰ԰ˡ
ƸոտĵѪǺɫģҲжˡ
Ϊİ֮ˣԸȥԸж֮ĳˡ
ƸŹȥѾˣ泳ҪŮۡ
ѳ֣㲻˵ˡ
ǽ޷Ҫĵ飬ĽޣҲóŮ۵޹λȻȥպ糯ĵȻһ˵

˭Ҳߣ̫£˭ҲӲ
ϵѪûɾÿ˶ĻΪͷʬ塣
ãպϼҪŮ۸һ
պźã
ƮƮһ仰ʱˣŵæ뿪˷﹬
վߣ֣˵ͷôͱǴǿʢˣ
ƶ°˼⡣
忴ϲ
(δ)

߰ʮ Ѫⶾ

ƲᣬȻǸŴġ
˶ʲôܵˣΪʲôȴĹ֮أ
ŵг棬ʳпҵķչףļ紺ļ紺˵ʳҲҪǵĶ࣬һԴӴֲߵ˿ͲҶķ½޷󼰵ģˣǵһŮۺһŮۣι֮ţһ𣬹ѡ
忴͸ƵΪˡ
Ҫô˵ʲôûˣֻˡ
ǻҪʧأԭҪܽҽѧҲǲģϲ˭赲ڡƷǱһ˵ˡ
үҾһ˵ģֻҪүԲҵ飬ԶǣүҾ͸үүҾ͸ү˴£һԭѰףһһˣȵŮ۵ĶˣǾͻȥɣҲСˡ
֪˵ʲôȷʵҲмƣΪƵķ޼漦Ҫǵġ
ǣү˵öԣ޼漦ô˵ˣ˵ʲô
ҹĴѾһɫӣаƺ͹ȥ
˽ȥܹʵĵĻǰʱѾ£ڷܵš
û£Ʋһ
Ѿ򿪣Ů۷ڴţ˿ϴһɫķۣȻƳˣȥǺ㲡
˵ƣⶾ׵Ķǲܽ⣿
ǡ
ƿ˿ΧҲڡ
ˡ
ƲܵŰ˵ǰѪɡ
ΪҽȴҪѪβˣ˵ȥʵڶˡ
˲δԥֱȥ̫Ҳ¡
ǰֻʣ°Ʒޣİߵյǰ£ŷյ֣
ɨ谲ưַſͷһ۹壺үغŻҸŮβ
СЩ
ȻԸµǰҲɲȥſڣ޹
Ĵ֪ҪЩʲôȻҲѪΪܾˣΪŮܺãҲֻһΡ
ӣյǲ£ֻŮóӣϰ˳ȥΪҪѪܽⶾˡ
룬ȴ˵ȡһֻ
ȻۣɲܼȣοǷա
һӣ͵ƵǰƸѪ˱ˡ
Ů󣬸޷
ǣ
£ⱭѪˣҿǷɫо綾ҽԶҵѪҲ֮ǰ֮ûôҲΪЩѪι˹Ƴװ˷ˡ
ձϾŮۣЩûŮӣȻۣȴŮһģŻðѪն𱭺ȥ
סյɨ裬ɨ衣
ŷſ֣Ҫһ㣬ȻһЩС
ѾˣֻǷյҪʱĵʱĵͲ簲ƵһѪˡ
Ѿϵ˿ڻһѪա
տģֿŰƣѾ£㲻÷һⱭѪһҪָþã㿴Ӷֱˣǲһͷ㣬һۣǱȻȹ١
Ѿˣºкôպ糯һϣЩƹˣһӻҵģű·Ѱ֮ˣһǡ
նѪ˰ѱӷŵһߣ˵Ҫŵ顣
ƷŷţմƣܾЩر𣬸ѣȻΪΣҲŮ˵ŮܵСųǰ޵Ǹǣ㲻ǡ
ҿĿ⣬ʱ򷴶ᡣ
ദʱˣԼҲֲ˰ɣ
ƺ꣬Ҳ֪ôشˡ
ǰ˵˾䣺ҲˣϢɣȥϢſڵǸһҪˣƢɲҡ
סյ֣Ŀ۰ƣȥƫЪţ˿ˡ
á
뿪
ĿŮĿȻǣҲǵһ۾˵Ĺϵʲôԭ˵ĲɲţҲȫš
϶ǰŮ˱㲻֪ˡ
ȥʰҲЪô
š
ŮһȥƳס󣬼ȷʵָ˹ŷġ
һȥƫǱϢ
ǰİ࿴ˣ˸кʴ
ֻǵ˵ͷû˵ʲôŮȥƫǱߡ
(δ)

߰ʮһ Ȩ֮

ܵտſڳ񣺡ҵϣŮ㿴ǲǺܺá
ȻҵŮղҪ˵ҪĵģϾģ˵ſɲţЩȻȥˡ
㣬ĺܣҿһ㶼ûȡģǶˣ
ȻǶˣˡ

ſվһᣬȥ档
ƻصƫǱҲҪϢˣϾһֱûϢ
ȥϴϴϢˡ
޵
°ͼԭϵԭʼûг֣ǰЩоҲˣƲž֡
ô˯ţƷΣϾ֪˯ˣ§סˡ
룬˵롣
˵ԭһֱûڸ޷Ӧƿƣ΢Ĺȥơ
ǡΪȷֱ۾ɨһΣûҵԭ
۾Щǣ᲻ǲעʱˣ
ģ²ǸáᷳǸԭˣ͸뿪
ƵɫһүĿǲҵ嶼ģҪûôңСǼүͲ¡
Ƶɫһ䣬̷ˡ
ֻһʱ󡣡
үĿǲģүĺҲװģĽݵ˷ɱŻһ£˾ͺãүϾɱү˵ҪϾɱ
˭Ҳ
Ȼ磬ϾʱȷʵҪôġ
ʱǺڣŻɽˡ
ʱɱˣҲɱˡ
ƿ˵һ£嶼ûֻǿ
үҪĽݵ
ôԶ׷Ʊһսƶ񤣬Ǹٹ֮ҲδĶ֣Ǳһɱˣѵ˵Ҫȵ̤Ʊɽʱȥһ£ʱǿ޶ˡ
⿪·ģҽ̹١
ʲô̹٣ûʦͽܵģ͵ο֣ģ
⿪£ƶʱ׹Ҫˡ
ôܸá
ԽԽҪˡ
㲻ңǷǻʴǻֲ㡭
Ƶ˼ǣΪǷ͵ñ΢
ҡ
Ǳȥðƹ˲ɣ
ң
㿴Ҳң
ȥץƣܣպץ˹ȥ
Ƴ˿Ȼʾϣѹѹ棬˫ְסƵȣͼ
κΰѹģŷҪĴ㣬סƷŵѹȥ
һలҲˣϢ
գ˷ĳԭպҪٳҲǰ졣
ƻ·Źȥ˷﹬ķ
ǰȺ򣬷ϵƲŴӵ볯á
ϹһЩˣȥǣһ·ߵǰ棬˹֮
޵ŮĻʴҲĻŮĽɽԺҲģȲضԣ޽ٲ֮вӣ޵ǿ˭Դô֣Ҫ޵ֶΡ
Ȳңμʴ
ϵ˱ŵòᣬϾʷͬһ㡣
ɣɡ
տ⣬ŽǴĳҲ˾ȡ
Ů۱¡岢δݣһүȻ¹ĵ۾
ҲΪһĸʲŶԡ
̧ͷߵİƣ˵֮ϣܶϷ˽Ǹýĸʡ
ǲ˽ǷĻҲýĸʣʷıҪ㸨ʴ
˵ˣƾ֪û¡
ȻǷʴҲǱǴֿڷڽŮۻᣬ۾Ҳ׳꣬жŮɻ꣬ҷޣֻҪַҴҴȻ̤ɽӡ
΢΢һ£ĳҲ𾪵ˡ
Ҳ̫ʶ̧ˡ
ⲻ˵㲻ңҲ㣬ңնݳô
ȻŮۻᣬҲûиӣ˻ʴȴҪȥ
ǸʲôطֱǴݲ
տƣƣ˼أ
ԸˣĸʺͻʸҵʮĸʺͻʸȥҴһ̷ҵ
տģסյ֣ҪģĿͿ·İƣƣʸ㣬ҺĸٲŮĽɽӲӣ
ҽӣ
Ҳ벻õķˣţջкӡ
(δ)

߰ʮ 

ȻˣأƴӦûãй壬ĿվŵĹ塣
Ӧˡ
忴ƣƬ̣ܴӦ±Ҳ棬ǵҪƻ˼ΪȴܲʴӦ
ݸһЦڣ۾ŮѾ޸㣬ӣƾⷬǽ۾Ҫɱ㣬ҪսȻ㲻á
һӣ꣬ôࣿ
ϸƣţѾӵˡ
һһҲÿ궼һ
ŮΪ󣬻ʴΪӣ˿һ顣
ϵЩͳ˵̥һģҲĶͣ޵Եֲǳ۾Ȼ÷ֿǣ⻰˵ı۾Ȼǲġ
̥
̥
һ̥˶ʱȻ̥ǵǼǼõģҲ̥Ǹʲôӡ
˲ڳ֮ˡ
Σ̥ЩҲôСֵİɡ
̧ͷƿϷŵģ϶ǹġ
˵ֱӣҲ㹻ϣҷ޶ȻֿǱˣ
ǿзֿҷޣ޸֮Ҳɸ꣬Ѫ̤Բ
˻ȻҲ̫ˡ
˷Щ죬ʮǰҲ˺˵޻ȡЦ˵Ǵ꣬û뵽ʮ޵Ļ˵Ļ޻ʷ˵Ļһޣˡ
Ҳãıãͣպһ죬޿ɡ
ٵʱϲ۾ģĶԹޱˡ
Լ̳ĽɽĺˣҲӵ޵Ľɽ󹬣ֻǡǻϲģҲǻϲǻϲ˲ˡ
ǣ˽ɽȥޡ
ȴû뵽ϷŹޣҲϷŹ
Ǳ׷ɱһ·˶ͷ¡
ʱߣѾĺӣΪ޿ߣװ֧ǣЩ˱㽫֮¡
ңҪһ֮ȴ¸еĺӣΨһĹ⣬ôã
Ϊ⺢ӣһ·ȥ
޺ңİ£ޣҶһ޸ȥ˴ʱѾҪȢˣΪޣˡ
޿Ƿ˰硣
ʱҲһţտ򰲽˵ȥ²ᡣ
Ķ飬СմҷյĶˣֻҪڣСñԸʹȥ
û˵ʲôռΪܱޣ˵ģ˵һʱͿ˷֮ʵڴĹͣ˲ɹʲô
ӳޱ㽫ȴû뵽ȴϷŹޣҵ˴
֪Ҫɱ˺練Ƶ飬ֻ뿪磬ŷڵʱصǰǻƵۡ
ϹŵķͿ
ѾǻҪλѾǲܵ飬¶ޣûһֱ񡣡
£˳ɡ
һֱͷ
˵Щɱ㣬޲ɱ㣬޾㿴޵Ů㿴Ƿ޵Ķ֡
㹴ۣӺޣ㵱޲֪
֪޾ǲɱ㣬޾Ҫȣһ졣
Ϊ֪۾š
ס̧ͷգôܣ
㶼֪ɣ޺ΪǶˣˣΪۿ۾£ȴƸ޷ãÿԲʹ
˵ֻҪ޲룬˶Ե۾˼˶Ե۾飬Ȼͽˡ
ˣ۾ĶӣСͨƳ棬ͳƳ档
޺͵۾һһ꣬᲻޹Ƴ飿
Ҫİ֮˵Ѫι֮Ҫˡ
֪һ֮࣬Ƕ࿪ģֻΪ֪۾š
֮ں󹬰ôˣǾټ޶ܣΪҪ֪ЭˣЩΪá
ÿ֮ҹʹ֮ʱǶᱣޣϧһС
̫ˡ
޲Ź㣬㡭ХҲһı죬޵긾֮ʣǣǶ𱨣ްܣ˴͹̣ˣһնס
գ㲻ˣնɱǣ
ХѾŵεȥۿȥˣȥͷȥ
㲻ˣǸ
űȥȫ£ʥ
(δ)

߰ʮ ȺΧ

֪
˷Хֵةˡ
̧ͷգ˵ģ
㲻˵ۣȴڳϽᵳӪ˽ߵˣ㰲ģ޼۾飬Ҳ֪ͨ㣬֪۾סˣһҪƹܺ󹬣ٳִⲢһյ飬˵ô
£ȷʵǳĺӣδؾ֪ͨ˳
һ£㲻˵ˡ
ղõµ㻹ʲôɽƱģΪة࣬б˽ң㻹˼ۡ˱ҵķͲʲôܣյܱѾװײˡ
㻹аУھðլӣ˴ˡ
²㣬㻹͢ĹְѺҳʹУɱ
£ƾ޾ݣ̿֡
ˣջ̧һѼܱ״ֽһЩڹ
ĶȴֻǵȻһЦ£֤α죬ܳϣ
ǲײĲᣬȻ޾㿴֤տſڣƵҲſڿȥһ˴ſ˽
ǸʮŮˣһһľ˽ϴĻҡ
ԷͷңҲ࣬ҲܿݣϸǸƤ𪣬಻Ůӡ
㻹ϵô˵ҧгݣ˫Ŀŭɡ
һ£ɣ
㻹ϵңҺҵķռȥˣҽҪ㳥
ɫ԰ף˵Һ㣬Լ˱˵ӣ㡭
ҷ֤£ҷˣȥѼңҵˡ
ٹϡ
˽ţǸʮӣòãһɫѣԵʮƮݣǸɫӡ
ϲμ¡
Ϲ£Цϣ˵˭ķ

Ʋ³Ů˶ˣһС⡣
˵£Ǹĸɴ˵ļ檣ɴýȢɻ鵱㱻ȥ֮˱ǰ
տȥ㻹кο˵
Ǻǡ֮λ޴ǣ°ɡ
һһվŵİ࣬ӡ
ŷá
ʱಢδ˵Щ֡
֤֤ڣ޽վͽΣһ൳һã½ദ
Ȼ£ҿʦ
Ϊʦ޲ûнնɱҲ׼ˡ
˵ʲô˲ˤѾҪѰȥ
߿ࣺΪ˶ң
תŰ㻹ǵøô
ɫ֮ˣ˵Σ
ҴСӳʼڴң̻˵ĵ̻д֣̻ӸİŮӣһȥػ
ǰȢȥķģȴ͸˾׸裬¥ˡ
ȴ˵ûаҪ飬Ϊ顣
˼Ǩˡ
˺㲻˶ټ檣
ʱҵ飿
ȻЦ˶ûõĶҲõĺܣɲ˴¡
ΪȴҲˡ
ЩԻ㻹ң
ûб㣬ΪҴû㣬Ӹױߵʱʼұ㲻ӣҾҲ㡣
ΪδӦ
˫Ŀŭɡ
ഹһ۷գ򰽹˵ŮӣзգǷŮ۱£ҽŮ۱¡
ǸӣûкöûУ
ŭ
ٶȿգû˵°ɡ
ߣһͬĻһЩˡ
ʣµ˶ڵϹţղ࣬ɣϾĸףĲ̣ӻȥֻҪ±ɣֵطȷʵá
أˣѾѾܸм
ɣ࣬һҪ밲磬㰲ţ㡣
ǡ
տ·ˣɣ޺ʹȻȥúˣϼȻýȢ֮ˣҪԸȥȥҪԸҲĪҪǿ
£Ҫ˳Ȼĺá
պ޻Ⱥףʴ飬˰ɣ
տ۰ƣת뿪ƺһˡ
׼뿪ͰƱ㱻סˡ
һ⣬Щʲô
μʴ
μʴ
ǰˣվһȺУ˰ݼ
ʴôѾӵĸˣĽ˵˹ǸƯŮӡ
ĳ֮ϣӼ٣붼Ůˡ
ʱƲŷ֣Χ޲ŮˣеӶԶ˼ǰ
(δ)

߰ʮ ǵſ

ѡֻûһ䡣
ŻʴǴҽ֪ģɴһƿ£ϸˡ
ʮңúܱ£һӣﱧˡ
ҽҵȷʵǸʲô²ֱ˵ܰæĵطһæ
ɴһƣ˿ЩΪ飬˵ʴɷһ˵
ɣƫɣ·ЩأҪȥУҪҵƫȥɣˣǼвʲôȥңұΪˡ
лʴɴæ˵
ŸŹ뿪ǳŰƱŹ֣һĮ
үǵĻȥҪƳ٣
ֺȻҲûʲô£ֻǿĵӣǻߵӡ
ҸʱȥʣദƵǲĸиҡ
˸ţƻͷ˿˰֣ʾ̫Ƕȥ̫תԶˣƲŵͷ˵ү֪ʲô
忴ȥǹƳô
СھǴģ岻ûµ
ƿ˿ߣ˰֣ʾ⹬ͷ
ͷ˵ȡ֮ĲƱ
뿪ƣ˫˸˸Ź⣬Ц绨
ͣ£ַסƵ֣ˣ
ưߣӻһ忴ү㿴
ͷŰӣ̧Ƶϸţӵʵز
ȻĶ
ⶫôóˣ
˵ĶȻǲϡģǲãֻǲȱ
ĸҵģ˵̫ƶˣҼ޸㣬ӻĺܿ࣬ҪĶңױ
㣿
üЩš
ƲϴǹҵЩʮࡣ
һ£ƿ̰ƵĿЦ
ΪʮֻǶϡֻ˸Ȧȹع񣬱ϷŵӣֻҵģǺöһֵǡ
Ǵ󷽣ҪҪˣֶΣҪǲҪô࣬
ŰȥһһߺЦ
˻صƫƻһ·ˡ
ƽ˽ȻǷɴһˡ
롣
ң߶Żʴˡɴ
ؿүҪˣȥЪţȻ㡣
ȥЪš
ɴȥ£Ϊѵʴ֮ġ

סɴһ죬˵ʴѾʮˣٲӣǾˡ
ҼλҲǺɲ֪ΪΣɻҲѾʮˣ޻еļ빬ҽˣ˵û⣬Ҽû⣬λλܲܶв֢
˹գʵ
ɴæơ
ƳĬһ£Ůӵ֣װ
һͲöԸ
˲ˣֻƺ˶ѣ
£˵˰ַŵϣҸ˿
⡭
ƻЩңƷ˵˽ΪҪҿô
ֺˣŰȥƣϸȫƾѧı¡
һᰲֻǾãƵѪ㣬ĵûʲô
һֻֿһ£Ѫ㡣
һΣɨϵûʲôֱ𣬰Ʋ˵ˣǼλûйϵΪȷһ뿴Ǽλȷ
棿һϲӡ
˷ģҵܿĲΣԴҲصġ
ƼֱʲôæлҪܺãóĸױŮһͣʴɾҷɼҵĶ˰
ƶŵˣطŮУƽ˶˵Ǳӣȴ˵ǱŮ
˲ˣҿһѪ㣬ǺҪһЩ֪ʱ
⡭һ˵Сʱƶȡ˹˴ӲźˣСʱܵȥץ㣬֪ǲˣ
˰ָңҿٿ
ưָƣɨ裬ɨĶϣɨ˵ȷʵأڲܻУһҪ˵ķǡ
һȥţǹǶǷ˼ңʴƵΪˡ
ȻѾ˶ꡣ
Ҫķʴ˵ʱˣܣʹأġ
ƿƵ뷨˵ҺͻҲûȥ䣬ԺҺͻȥ䣬֪˿ɷ򵼣
סæм
ȵңȥͻ˵
ʴǻȥáΪѣˡ
Ϊʲô
ͷĴҪһʴ
֪Ķûţ
(δ)

߰ʮ һȺ

£˽½½ˣǹϵģҲ廨š
ʼƻϣֱɨ衣
ֳԿҩģƱ㿪˷ӣ빬ҽҩȷϼˣŽԷ
ƿҩ
ĸˣʣ·ڵˣȻһǼĸ׵Ĳǲ֢
˵Ҫȥһˡ
˵Ⱥ򣬰ȥҹ壬Ѿ֪ˡ
׼˴·ƿһ۵û˵ʲôϱȥˡ
һƺ͹˵ĴţЩ⡣
ǵǴүҲö˵뿪ʹȥϡ
»ˣϲϣͰȴк
뿪﹬ƻһ·Ļֺġ
ȷʵǮ϶ߣڴûЩǹҲûеġ
ֵ⻬վˡ
Ƶĸۡһĸۡȴǽһݻ
ֻ̾Ľķˡ
˼ҵĸۡĽȲ˰
˷ƵĸۡԽ÷Ǹˡ
˺ԺƱǰĳȵˣ͸СһԺӴ£롣
ָָеһ䣺ԺӣŴ˴ƽﲻǺܺദΪǺõġ
ʴԺȥ˵¡
£롣
ȥ򣬰ƿߵĹ壺үʲô
ûȢǶԵģȻʱû˵ˡһ·ŷ֣Ůƶж಻ȣǴ˴Ůб磬Ż
Ȼ˼ŮŪˣ˵ǻƷռУ㴦ãŮ˱ŪռдãΣ
̲סЦүôģ
ȻأסƵ֣͵һ£üŰƣƿǿͰƵġ
ְҪЩźãȻʴڷӿɾͲùˡ
ҹûأ彫׼ɫƱ˳Ʊ屧ţæű
ŽƷſ
ת˸ţϸˣǸµˣԶҪϸƤһЩ
ǻʴ
ƽܣӱæǰݼμʴμ
ضֻ΢͵Ƿɴ˵Ѱɡ
ǡ
ֱ۹סˣûôӢ˵ӣһͲǷˡ
ƶ֮أû뵽дˡ
밲ȥԺ棬Ʊһȥˡ
Ժ൱ĽĻľкܶûԺӴףǷݣҲǺŵķݣһЩˣӣźܸɾ
æŰݼȫϰߡ
ӣ˷裬Ȱƺ͹£ŷ£ԸĲȥ룬ߺ˵Ҫַ£ȫʽģӡ
ʮΣһתľӡ
ƽʱӾôŮӵģ忴Ҳ֪Ǻ뷨
Ҳûӣ෴񻹵óƵģԹԵİ͸ơ
治ϰ߷ӣȻŤŤƵģϲ֮Ũˡ
ƽϰ˹壬ܺãʱӲԵʱùˡ
룬ǹá
˾͵еӲԵҪûоͲˡ
һ̫Ƶģǲʢ˥ˡ
ɨ迴һ£ûʲô⡣
û⡣
˿̧Ҿ˵㣬ܸˣʴҽ
Ʋ֪˵ʲôҲǲԵġ
½תȥǴŲ׵ӣһһᡣ
һվڶ棬Ű񣺡ˣ
ˣǻʴǰݼɡƷԸһݼƷԸ
ǰɡ
ƻǺܹصģ̬ʹһЩһǺܸӵġ
ɼĵλ
ǵһվţһûʴǿʴǴҽһֱ֪ʲôԭ򣬽տɡ
վһߵ˵ô
ƿȥǸ۵ˣһͲǺöԸˣƽ϶ѳˡ
أҲ˿ʾǿӲ࣬˵СһЩһָ߰ơ
(δ)

߰ʮ ܲɱ˻

ˣ˵Ƕû⣬ڴϣԭҲд˺λãʱϵİѿزԡ
ʱϣ
֡
˵ӵľÿնеģŮӵÿ޶ģǺܶࡣ
Ƶ˶ˣֻϸĴ˸㿴ôмŮĶΧЩڵĶҪϲСҲǺӣһҪʱϺʲУ
ÿնУŮӵʱ䡭
ûֱ˵Ʊ֪ôˡ
ȥɡ
ֻ˶Ըĳȥˣ۵Ǹſڵţ򿴵ˡ
԰ô
ߣóľǲһһˡ
ʴЦˡΪ
ƵǲΪȻ˵ˣˣȷʵҪһѪ㣬û´ѾܿˣʹÿնйأȻŮ֮Ҳ֣˶Բܹ飬Ů㣬Ҳǻµġ
㲻׻У庮أ͸ˡ
Ǵ֮ЩõֶΣͻװ˷˴˵ļӡ
ƵɫѿǺʵǻʴʲôӣ
ҪӣȻҪһûнĻˡֱԣ˵ĺԺ˴Ҳܽ꣬˺ܴѹ
׻˵򲻴ԽżԽǽ꣬ԽǲС
ѡ˺ʵѡʱƾӵСԺȥһʱ䣬˲ضֻ࣬׼ķɡ
Ŷ
ƻȻſ˵ˣŰɣȥ
š
漴ҩˡ
˸ӣһӣҲעһЩ
ã
˷ƼˣҲȥĵطŸŹ뿪˷Ƶĸۡǡ
·ϰƱ˷ƣǸ۵ӣãұö£ȷʵʺҲ˵ҪҸרŵˡ
ԭˣ֪ˡ
͵Ų뿪뿪ʱصġ
ǸŹ
ƣǸ۵Ƿ治ɣҲܿ廹Щŵġ
˵ǲɣҿӹǲĺܣֵ֣˷ƵĻĵģ˵ɵˣǲ÷ģҿЩѳƽ϶Ƿϲġ
ȻǲģԽˣԽǻҵ˻ĵġ
š
ʱ仹ü˻ȥ·ȥ硣
ոտʼģգڵǡ
ˣĲӣв˸ա
ˡ˵
ͺãϰôЩͬӦҪӦһʱ䡣˵ʱʾ⹬Ͱߡ
찲ŵһԲƺ͹λĵ·¾ǰ࣬ǰŰ˵ҪһЩ
£ıв˸ơ
ϯ䣬ƵĻ࣬ĻҲ࣬żʰƣƱش𣬷ǺͰ˵Ļ
Թȥ£ƱЩˡ
ŸŹȥϢ
Ϣˣϰ׼ȥ˿ϾӦˡ
ȥ˾һ졣
Ȱƻҡ
ƸɴƫǱˡ
գշ﹬ȺΪƵĵף
ƱڷյˣһģͰ·ǰһλĹ
һ˽ԡ
£ʴѾȢͣҷƣʱȢλˡ
Ƶֶһ£ĿˣֻǾӺܲ˼ţ˭˭ˣ
ƿ·Ĺ壬ûһĵĲԸһҪˡ
Ȼȷ˵ʲôַ˿ӣŵžһΧʱ
ȷպ˵ʲôѾվü忴ƣƣȵЩ࣬ˣذɡ
ã
ŷպĸ˸ӣôݱ𣬱תȥҹˡ
˵ǺˣƸոչȥһס֡
תȥȥһö֪ʲôʱŵͭǮ˳ȥֱӴ˽Եͷͷˣŵûվȣˤ
££
˿ͰˣѾȥˡ
˵²ҷͬ˵ǴΪ˻ʴȢػʴҲȢŶԣǾͱϹˣһ
ǴȴǺɨǧĽ
ҲòҪȻ޶οǡ
ոҪɱ㣬ʴ飬޻Σܲɱ˻ս
Եŵòᣬ仰˵
ƣΣ²Źȥ
(δ)

߰ʮ Ů

ţûĿһ۰ƣĸкЦһû˵ʲôүͻˡ
˭ҸȢ飿
ҲûҪȢ
סƵ֣˽뿪ЩһʱĽˣҲû뿪
𣬳˸˿ȥˡ
š
̧ͷָָү
̧ͷʲôģֲǴ
үһ
ȻвҪ£Ȼϲ
үˣ

ûأͷһ۰ƣȥ
İ£Ƶҽڷˡ
Ʊ뿪û뵽ԽԽ࣬һϾ;ˡ
ճܳȥĸ׿壬޵ĺأǸТŮ
Ʋòȥһۣͷʹ֢ʯΣֻøͷʹҪʯ
һҪˡ
ƿЩ
үǲǻزȥˣСʹ󱦱ˡ
ѾʰңȥˣȻǲĵģ˾߲ˡ
ôãûôܹ
ôȥҪʲôʱ
żƼʲô֪ﲻζСˡ
ʰҪ뿪͸ܵˡ
ԭ˵ҪһȥҪȰˡ
ͷʹ֢ʯ˵Ҫ²ܺá
ܲôһˡ
£ǻȥġ
Ƽϣ弱ǲֳ
߲ˣֻܵȡ
Ҳ֪ôɵŲǰ취ɴ͹ɼ˹㿪һҽݡ
˵ҽݣھѡһطҽݣ̶̼죬ѾмλʲĴϹҶŮӡ
ĸ⣬ڷľôЩˣһӣȫλ˹ֻˡ
Ǹ˵ֱɲ⣬Ȼûȫʶһ˵ͷ
һˣ
弴㲻˵ǿĽİɡ
ҽݽͿ˷գּ׼ڷҽݡ
ҽݿҵ˺ܶ࣬ѾȥҪ˳һԷ֡
һ߰ʮˣҩĿⶼ˳ҲǵŵˣҲǵһμҽݿ˷õĸо
ȵϣƲŷ֣յ
ҽ￴Ŷѻӣȷʵ
үܸҽùҽ㿴Σа£Ҳˣһ̻һЩҽĵܸҽˣ
ѾһˣΨһİ취
ԥһ£ܸҽҲǲɣֻǷûŮߣλԱȽϸЩҲð¡
Ҳãܸҽߴһʱ䣬˵Ӧֵˣ뿪
ҲԡҲˣվһˡ
Ž˰ʰ˻ȥʹЩԶҪڣԾҽݺԺס¡
ڶ찲ع˲Żع
ĺͷڹ˶Ǳװ磬ڹſڵȰƺ͹塣
ϣ˹ȥһ·ǧСģʲôҪ
һߣһٸġ
νϴѾϰߣ㲻֪Ļ࣬οβǵһ˻ȥҲᰵбҲͲصˡ
š
Ƹһ··Ҳôż·ҪϲĵطҲɣұȥû뵽һʱĻزȥˣҲ
ɵѾͷͿˣض࿴࣬Ȼķ½ĶңǼӿɲܲܣҪϻȥС
ǵ·Сģ
ĲðߣҲ˲ᣬŰòŽҪúչԼʲô»ȥ˵СҪ۸㣬ȻȥŹ
֪
գӣˣԺлҲȥߣȻҲһ죬ķ½֮ϣһϯ֮ء
˵Цˣƶʵûʲô죬ǶԣܺãΪд磬кǡ
·Сģ
š
ͷ˿ƣ˿գתȥ
ƿŰԶ֮꣬ǰǵƽǵ
ŮǸ͵ģһΪΪ񣬵ͷôأ
ҪŻȥҲǺ£ƫƫزȥ
һֱƥʧתպģǻҪȥҽݣͲȥˡ
⺢ӣĸ⼸㣬㵹Ǻã޳ȥŮóȥˮ⻰һҲ١ĸԹŪðЩ޴롣
˵ǵŮˡ
(δ)

߰ʮ Ľ

ƳĬ֮ʣʣˣĻˣڻµʱ򣬲ǻ
ʲôʱˣ㡭ʶ࣬Ʊ㲻˵ˣҲǼƣ̫ƻˣһʱڷŻˡ
ЩͷۣŸĿڣҲˣŮۺ͵۾ˡ
תȥǡ
忴һˣ˳ȥ
뿪ˣտģԸǺһǴϧ˵ˣǹ忴ҲǶı£ȴˡ
յ˼ǣҰˣղŻģ
ǲȻأ
ճŰƵķȥҲȥġ
ıŹȥסյ֣˺صʱһǰߵһںߵļԸ
Ƹȥ˼ΰ˻ȥɰȫ飬δζģΨҽݣЩͷˣŽʲô¶ȫشˡ
㻹ˣû˹һۣ˶ʱƽϣҲǹңʲôʱ˵Ļˣһûꡣ
;öԲס壬ֶ࣬ҲûʱƽϣȵҲ͸ˡ
һˣƲȥϢ£ͿպĴ˽
Ů
ڷŮӽԼﶼǽĸ׵ģҲǿԵģ㸸ףҪǲϰ߾ͽеɣ㡭տ壬ȻԹ⣬ŮۣϰڲŹ壬ʼ̬ȡ
Ǵǽĸɣôаɡ
Ů˵㿴ҽ棬ҲûӦֻǿġ
ǵŮԭǰƣҲȥ
κ͵Ц£漴ʣĸ׺͸ʲôô
ߡ
ջģƿϽˡ
ʵǶһµģֻû˿֣Ȼ֪ġ
Ҿ˵ǲǣãȥɡ
죬˵ͽȥˣſ۹壬룬˸ǿˡ
ϡ
˽ԺںԺ۲һ£ſƣĽֻѧ˸ʽ㻹ǲͨ
Ҹ˿ƽҲæûʱȥϰǿԱڴ׷ɱɥɼûá
طȻΣգûлڣʱҪҲǾˣ
տ۹䣺ѽҡ
򿪿ۣѽգսӵȻһŹ壬̺ˣƵһʱ˹ȥҪ
ŭ
ͣ£ָһߣŻ˺⡣
ܿ໥ںҺ⣬㣬ɱ㣿ķӦ̫ˣ
ղǺ⹬ķӦҪǷӦĹ죬͸׼̽ģûС
Ѿ˹ȥȻ֪Ǹ̽ǲĵ̧ͷ壬ô
ֱ̧ŰƵļ򣺡û£պ£㲻Ҳû壬Ҫӻű
ۿһ죬ûô
ط˶Ṧᣬֻ
忴գ̽ϲ
Ǹǿˣǵһƴ
պ˼ˣǲ⴫ģһֻᴫһΣҪסС
н֮࣬䣬ɱƺÿȴ
Ľһңһұʲôǵã׽ˡ
⽣ûеһԦʱ򣬲һ
ҽմĽҪĽҪھȫס塭ȻѾƵķĻᴫһħ㿴á
˵ʱѾһ˽ȥһѽƿ˿ϵŲģĽŲ죬κƮһɴڵζȴգ۵˳С
ƲҵôٶѧˣŲȥյĽ
ǰѧͼԺʱ¼ôİֻǶԹȥһЩʽϵȻʣҲſ
ĲδϽȥһվһֱֻһֻһѽ
Ƽǰѽɫģ濴ƲȴǼõһѽֻǿ;֪ˡ
䣺Ľ־Ų㣬ǰ˲ֻҪѭϰɣھŲҪģһҪ˿ŲУľ벻뿪⣬λǿõλá
ҸոտٽҪ֪һҪϸոյƲɿˣ
ˡ
Ȼ֪ƾоҲ֪οҲȷʵˡ
ܺãȷʵЩʡ
ھŲˣˡ
мУεĺ˴硣
Ƶɴ۾յķ˿°Ҳϵı仯ĿҲס
ĺȻ˹ȥ
(δ)

߰ʮ ʲô׵ķ

˴һֻƬ̣䵽˵ϣѾվסˡ
˿ͷһģſƺ͹塣
ħʵǻĸ׼ġ
û˵ʱ滽ѣǾҪԼˣȻ⽣ʵԲõھŲ㣬ֻʱǿĶ֡
סյ֣ϵ͸ա
ĸ岻ãӵĺȻܸһ¥Ҫǲãպ⽣Ҳûлᴫڸˡ
Ľᣬʧȥ֮ŮӣԽϰԽŮӵ塣
ħûмУԺúϰҲ˵С
˵ŷյȥҹ壬һĸ˶ǰѽˡ
ɫãһĽˣȻۡ
տһۣ壺ȥ޸һ°ɡ
ѽӹȥҲû˵ʲô
ưѵϵļǲ޸ˣ˹ҲʦˣǵĸĸҲö˵ʲô
պ˽Ʋתȥǰ档
ǰ£ȥŷˣ˳˷
ϰ׺ʹͬԵİЩϰߡ
ϲʳĻ
㲻ԷʳԼǣҲϲԷĶ
ճԹȥԺķ䣬·ϾͺͰ˵
Ҳ˵ʲôۿˣҲ˵عĻȥô
﷿ܶ࣬ס֪סʲôط˺Ժķ䣬ʡ
ȥһ£ʵһշĶסˡ
˵ס
ĸʣĸ׶ãұ±ˣ˵ԭϣΪأ
ƼѾʵҲ˵ĸʣҲ֪ʲôԭȷʵǵ֮ԭûҲǺ֣ͼҪһֱûںܵǲ̫ʲôˡ
Ҳǲǰɡתȥﻳźܴϣϣ׸һ𣬵֪֮ҺͲǷޣʧԸûףҲϳϡ
ƵһȷʵҲôġ
û˵Ϊĸ׵ķȴ˵ˡ
Ů۵ľȷʵ볣ͬ
ĸѹôʡ
ǰûиĸһȴаܺãǰʼǲ֪˭ģЩöǰԭġ
պǲͬģ֪ԭĴڣȴǰѺø
֪˵ʲô
תŰƣΪҸòѹأ
ѹɣǵĺӣָô꣬Ϊ
ǿǵܣҲͲ¡
ܶͻϡ
ΪĲҪģϡ
ҲǸìܵˣһͬշޣһԭ
һֱΪȽģ֪׵ģȻ
չ۲һᰲƣŮԵ־ҺĺһԵֵģûľͳˣֱ뿪
෴һ֣ľûˡ
ҷĶҲӭж⣬ɼǵԵ֡
϶ǵŮΪûǺӣǼģҲϲ㡣
תĳִֻҲҺĵŮǻᰮ
Ͳʱͳ
üģĸô˵һѹƺȻԭܿСͱڼ۸ĸ̬ȣȻҲǰģ˵Ǵֻˣ޷ͬ
ЦˣҶ˵ˣǲɼǺʧġ
һ£գѾתȥ棬վԺˣĲʳ˼̻
̧ͷգ˵ҵŮǲһģûһϳˣֻҪѡ
һǵʱôСȥôĲ
֮ŮΪʲôΪˡ
׵ûкúñ
֪ԭڿޣԭûпֻǳһ£ܿʧˡ
ͼͨͲˡ
תƿˣ˵Ҫޡ
Ʋ˲ᣬܾƵģûнͣͲ
ҹķ紵ůߵƵߣŰȥ棬ŰҪסĵطʹҪסˡ
֪ĴҪס¡
(δ)

߰ʮ 

ҹЩ˯ţһ뵽סŷշޣ˯š
˵ʲôǽҲҿڣȣ˯һ𣬺źһȾͳˡ
ƹ壺Ϊʲôô
ûš֮ǰӵʱһǼ䷿ճˣǰǽΪסŷ㣬зһ㶯ûС
Ҳ˵ҪõˣǲҲ
Ǻˣ˾סڸڣ˵ҪСЩ
š£Ҷſڣű۾
۾ϣſһ˹ȥ۾֪±ţ˴ȥյſڿһۣѾûˡ
תȥ棬Ժûˡ
ǲѾعˣ
ǣǵסƵȰƷӦѾŰ˷
˷˸ոţͿһ򣺡ӦǱߣȥ
û˰Ƶǲ¸ߣǰǾҽϸߵֱСƣֻǲ߱ڰˡ
Ѱֱӷŵ󣬱˾ߣͬʱͣʱҹҹ˾˯ΨǱУ϶˹ȥˡ
ڷٴУĺһ磬˫ֱסĲӣȵүôģſϾͻˣ
ֻϰһ£ܿҲ
˺ܿ쵽ӣȥ˵ôǷĹ
š
ҲˣǰطǷĹ
ҲǣѰƱȥ
үʵǿԲȥϾȥǵУûбҪ棬үǲΪӣ
ϲӣûϲֵزô֪ǲǹѱ
ô˵
屳ŰƴУ˻Ҫ졣
Ҳ䷳˯ʱ˵ĻǶˣôһߣʱǱȻ֣ᷢǵٶȣԿһ㣬ǲûôҪֻȥ
ҲеŲ˵ˣ˴ӻһĺ°ƹ¹Χһۡ
үû·ˣ
ţȥû·ˣĺˮ㱾ʩչṦҲȥοƣǺˮǺȥģҲƹȥƹȥҲˡ
һߣûҵվˮ߳
ôȥģ
ƾͳʱȥˮˮ㣬Ӧûжүǿιȥ
ˮûжһͰȫˮдޣҾ͵棬ˮԴǷķӯˮԲá
֮ˮͲˡ
ҲеվһʣүȥôҪү˵ģǾ˵ǰء
Źȥ˵Ǳ粻ˣǰЩѵıŹȥˣѹȥˣ
˾ҪӻҪңתͻȥһء
ƾôġ
ҹĳ⣬ûҪա
ߵˮȥһ£תȥһЩ֦֦ӵˮһȻˮ˳ܴһ˸ߡ
ʳ㣿
¹£ʳݰƶˣûƽʱʳ㡣
Ȼж֦ӵаƱһ˹ȥ󱳵ıϣڿնٳˮϱܣƻͷȥʳˮ˳һǰ֦ҪһЩȻˮ֦ǹȥˡ
䵽ݵһʳֱӴһŰʳ˽ȥ
ƴӹүΪʲôʳ㣬ˮ˵õˮŶ
ˮʳҲûʲôɱ֣ǳ㣬˳ǣֻҪһһŪ뿪ˮǿģˮУҲֻ˵ˮµȺḻǲôģѣȰ㶼ûˣҲ͸ˣι͵ĺϸ
үļǺͶʳ㣬涼ǳ˵İɡ
֪ʣ
үģ
š
үȻڲͬĶǰèүĶǳ˵Ķѻʳʵһģרų˵ġ
ƣиѭĵιһѻ˵ĺã㻹ܿһԺ
ģžͶģ
Ժһʬ»ǺӵĻ棬һȺʳֺĳԡ
Цģ
ƲΣΧһ£ǰӣЩá
үʲôɧߵߣֻߡ
Ҫǰȥڱ󡣡
š
ŰƽȥܿжжѸ٣̾ߡ
ͣ£ưͷϵǰɨһ£Щ̲ˡ
ߵǰȥ߱ɢˡ
ƷŹ壬һ߳ӡ
ӲнһңǾ˳ȥ
(δ)

߰ʮһ µĹ

氲ѾˣͷɳɳЩûкȻǲĵģ°ƣȴ¹壬붼Ҫ
ǲߴˣȻôģʳǶߵģܲǴɹȥġ
ûشǰ濴һۣǰһƬյˣ֣ǣ
Ļꡣ
û뵽˷Ļ꣬ԶԶȥǰһƬյأǰкܴԶĻмȻ԰ˡ
ŰƵֳǰߣܿһЩʯͷĶֳš
֪ޡ
жʮĸ֮ǰߣŮٵʯ¹Щʯ۾Ŀ͹塣
жʮĸһֱĻڡ
зӣĵƹѾ򿪣˵Ѿ
ƸŹ嵽ĵǰǷŮǵλͻλǰվˣһһŮҲ֪Ƿպġ
˻ͷƺ͹Ѿš
ĸʣʸƿڽеǺĿһ۰ƣ䣬пڡ
Ůۿʱһλһϡ֮ŮʱѳˣǰѽҲڣأǲ룬ȻѾԼȥɡ
Ŀһ۱𴦣ƿһۣǱӦþǽĵطˣ˻Ǵ󷽣ΪŮڵĵطҪƿˣŮȻٿˡ
лĸʣʸ߰ɡƴ󷽵ĵлŹȥһߣǱһţרŽܵõġ
˴ſ˻ѣ㳯ߡ
Ĺ׿׸ߣ˿ûоС
ϸ۲죬ǽһЩɫıڻ¼ķŮۿһЩ顣
ӽȥʾŮԭĳĹŮ͸С罫޸һˣԸ⣬㷴緢磬ɱףλ
ΪҪױɱ˸磬˶ҪַʼĴսմԼĽɽǻƵۣ˹ŷӴŮȨ
ĹһЩλͼóһЩռ顣
Ĺһٶ׿ʼߣ̨ףĹҡ
ĹҺܴ󣬶ʮڹײģƿһۣƵת˿Ȼͨ
岻⣺ôˣ
ȥǱ߿
Źȥ棬ȻһЩѻӡ
ӰЦˣүﶼǱҪҪһЩ
ԼŰɣϾǷĶ岢ǲ̰ﲻ򵥣ף˵Ž鱦뿪
ȴΪȻӿһ£涼Ǽֵǵ鱦
ȻǮүôࡣ鱦˫۷Ź⡣
վһ߲ԣЩ鱦һߵһľˡ
ߵǱߴӣһ첼첼ߣεĺӡ
߿ȥǱߣ򿪺ǿյġ
պӹһ£תȥƣȥȱʲôûС
ƴǸĺӣȥǷٵġ
Ҳǿյģ֣ȥӵ棬ӵһ֡
Ը񡣡
ƿĺӣҲֵģдڵԸΪ֦
үӦһԵġ
ϸи֣죡
Ҳĺҵ֣룡
үŮˣƲ⡣
ºӣǷĹգŮӦշҲ˵֡
ţҲá
뿪һߣЩײǰƱȥײǰ«ȥˡ
ƣŮ۷յŮĻʴմɷΰǡ
һҪһЩΪ̫֪࣬ʹһЩʲôͰƷʹ͵ްɡ
ʸ˵ƶ񤣬޵ʵڲãǶӦңҲù̹һЩ
˵갲һ߹С
ⶼǸ˭ѧģƤЦⲻЦ
ôŵ
ǻʸ꣬ǰѻ鱦ҵģŷһҲԸģǲ¾ˡ
ֱ飬ж಻Ҫ
ȥײĿ֣дſŮ۵֣룡
үǿŮۣƲ죬Ҳˡ
һ߿ȥһͬСĹײģײĵĸֶŮһдſ۾죡
үԭˣϣΪգ˵ǰѵλóģ
Щ󣺡ô֪ҪŮ۲֪
ƿľŻ͹ȥľǿյġ
ƿ壺үûˡ
š
忴Ů۵Ĺ餣ȥƿȻʬ壬ʬѾãֻʣ¿ݹǺɫۡ
(δ)

߰ʮ Ľ

ײ㹻󣬿ˡ
ϸŮʱģǱסģЩӲ˵ˡ
ӲһӦǺŽģ㿴־֪ˣָ׺ܳӦŮﻹһʱŻ
ϸ飬ΧкܶණһЩŮǰϲģһԧΪﱣԺãûз绯
үǽָָһߣӵ󣬷һѽΪܱסˡ
óһ£һѿȥͨĽһͻᷢ
Ʊһѽյ䣬׶ոպá
ƿһۣŮһɫı߽ǣһ١
Ƶһү١
š
߻ѣƱḧŪ䶯
˵ߡ
ƿȥүǾôô
ϲȻߡ
˵깬峯Źײ￴ȥ˵лλ˵깬彫ײĸϣתȥ˽кٺзŵһڹײ棬ײϣŰƳȥ
˳ȥĺܿ죬ܿ͵档
Ŀ˳ѷմһ߷Ϣ
߰ɡտһ۰Ʊŵ٣һ뿪
˳ţ޵Źϣһ뿪
ƸŵǱߣôȥﲻ֪ʲô߶˺һߣ˲뿪
ˮߣʲôȻձ㳯źӶ԰ˮϿٹȥ
Ƹ˹ȥý㷴ӦҲǱߡ
ļټУӺ漸粽롣
˵ҽݣҲˡ
ɨɨϣ۹壺Ľȴ飬ҵѽĽĽԭһԡ
óĽòһضɽҡһֱûԵǵˡ
ٵҲСӣз١
Ů۵һֱǷģഫ£һӵĴӣһ˼ң⻧˼ҵүǷ졣
±֪˭ѳƽзġ
˳Ϧദվ飬˷ޡ
޵ҹĽ˵Ӵ뿪ӣȥҳ˱𣬶ڴڼָңʹЩˣΪ˼ס˴˷٣һ˼Ϊ˾ǻѷ֮ˡ˼Ѿʧ
ƿһۻķ٣Ǻϲ
лʸ
лĸʵĺãǵģѽҲɡ
׼Ľƣƾܾˡ
ҾͲҪˣϲ٣Ľڻʸãҵûô
İѽ𣺡Ȼ㲻ҪǾȷʲôʱҪȡ
ĴŷȥϢƱٻӣˣ˵ͷ˯
˯ѹѾˣȥԺվš
Ůˣ
ƻǲϰŮĸĸһʱ仹Ĳ˿ڡ
תӦǽߵģ˯ˡ
˶ô
࣬ڿ
ȥԷ
Ƴȥȷʵ˲١
æһ죬ϻصԺſʼϰ٣Ժ
ż˯ųƲ٣ٵˡ
ٿȴ̲޾һָҲаѳֲס飬ÿεҪʱˣ׼Ҹᣬһ¡
˺ܾò˯һЩ飬ûط·һЩصˣ밲ȥƬ˵
ү˵˵ˣʱֵûᣬΪʲôһֱҲû֣
ҳôŮ֮ǰҲϵϧܾˣŮ۲Ǻ۸ˣˣŮ۴У֮겻̤벽޻ء
үô֪£
ʲô֪

һί۰ƣ·⿪
һһô˵ΪŮۣߵĿ죬ճ˷Ȳˣ
š
ҲһҪҲȥ
ڴˡ

˺˯ǿһҽݣǳŰ¡
İ˹ȥߵʱȻĥһᡣ
ȵ绹ûƱȥȥ塣
һֱû˻
Ҳû뵽ϳΪҪһӣʮַƵվڳϣ֮˶ŮˣҶڶ
ߣ˶ǽ㡣
Ů۵ˣ˲࣬һעĶࡣ
˶ΪֻҪʴˣǰʹ
£۾¾ͷڳһ̣ҵˣɷ˵֪飬֤ǱģԵ˪
˵ɷͬ˺˵ģϣѾһˣ˶ۣӰܴ󡣡
ǸǸŮ٣ʮ꣬ȴǸˣһֱûв鵽˭ɱ֣ȥҪԹˣŵ˳ϡ
(δ)

߰ʮ 

ĿŹ壺к뷨
û뷨
ֻŰβˣǵĹԱҲûȥɱ˵İӡ
׷׿ǱߣԽԽù忡ʵĺܡ
Щã˼޸ʴ鲻˵ˣǿϧˣɵͶȥϧĿ⡣
弰䲻ͷҲϹӡ
񡣡Ȼ
ͬûɱ䣬Ȼĸɽһȫ͸һɱ䣬д֡
˵Ȼǲְӷ۾Ҳ뿴ı£Ȼⰸӿƽ˳ʵȴΡ
ˣɷӦ֪ϾڼУ˵֪֪ʱѾˣ˳˪ܣ֮ǰһʹ࣬ͬ˵֪δơ
˵ɱ˵ˣı
ֻǣȴɵ
Ҫҵķ۾ʣǸʵˣƽڼҵʱǱΪӣûŮӺǲˣζϡ
ƵǣΪŮȻڵ˾һ𣬴ھҲ֪ھҲ۸ˡ
Ҳݵģ˵һΣһңɷصбҪ뿪ʮֹ֣ɷȥſǹң˵ɷʱûҲûô
²֮Ӿˡ
ֻǾΪ⡭
۾žãʱͣºΪҪɱأ
໴ӣӾУ˵ҪôûãŮ¥ȥҲµġ
ҷŮȷʵ޿ɺǡ
ǷŮҲδ˵顣
·֮˷׷׵ͷΣտģ˵۾˼ϣܶԼĺһͬʣŮĶӣϣǲҪͰѶ͵¥ȥ
Ǹ䷶ǿüԣԿŮ֮ϡ
ǷȻŮӻЩЩӵҪŮǿ࣬ȻΪ䲻ԸϣÿϰʣϵĲеġ
رʱǲùģȴǲͬ
룬Ӷ˲ܣб£Ȼá
˵ǣǷڡΤة˵
ճĿȥǿĵ۾ԭǿԵǻƵ۵ģΪŮԲ˳Ƶ뷨Żλ
ҪΪ֮ˣǲ棬ǲֻܹ˵
¿ҷ﹬ŮӲһ˼
ȻΪ÷ֻڹУҪ֪㽫ڼУѾÿľκ㿪ģôȥ磬һϲͨ
ĺһֻʲôֱ
ͬ޵ķͻô
ʱ޹ˣйŮӵĻǻģ
ޱŮӣҪ˷֣۰ǵñͣޡ
㵱˸ÿҡβģǹã
˻ȻҿȷʵĶǹʼϲĶǵ۾ͰӣԵһЩ
ؼУȥͱζŻ᲻ϲͿʼϲˡ
˲üģ壺ûЦˣǲͬġ
ŮӲøʴڱҲˡ
ôԣʴݣôί̫ˡ
ǡ
ʴȥ˰
죡ɫѿ˱졣
ȻȥҲͣǿӲ
ʣòĹ˵ˡ
ȷʵҴŮЮ飬󽫴Щһ˺󹬲ø飬Ҳݣ¹ٵˡ
ţжţǻʴ㸮أҪЩʲôأյЦš
˵ܲһ
ôأ
봩ɫҪɫ㴩ɫϲá
ɶִʴ
гɣ
ٶȻȻ඼ȥ塣
Ϊδأ۵׵Ĺⶼˡ
˵ɻ֮ǰƱϲֻǱãҲһЩϲϲĲֶΣҪֵϸǰݺԭȱһĻ£Ҳˡ
㲻ϲŮӣϵǷ裬䱾
ɻ鵱գ

յĿһʹ˵Ļԭôȥġ
յɫһ䣬ıס˷յ֡
˵Ǻأ
ˣûɣǺ޼ˣҲִɱҲ˱Ǵĸ顣
˱ҲΪһ⣬Ҫӣǵϲ
ǲ뱻ˡ
ǡûסЦ˳⾭ǲ࣬Ǻ󹬵ЩˣһҪŮۣŮˣǶֵһϵоٶǴĵ׳ˡ
Ŀ۰࣬˵ʧˡ
£۾ҲģԭˣȽϾĲǸˡ
忴ȥͬ
ΪʼգƵıֶģ
(δ)

߰ʮ ״Τة

ȻúܶˣһŮ˶ˡ
Ŀ˻˵ⰸӽ㴦ȻΤة˶ãӺã㲻ȥǿûðɡ
ȻܾΪҪǿһǴ˴ĹԱȻǻҲǸвֻȢ˻ʴѣڰ참ǰӱ˼ظˣм
ȻȢ˻ʴǰˣⰸѾķ̫ʱ䣬Ҿǵİ참ԱŮ٣ⰸȻΪһǡ
۾ڣУ۾Ȼûɷ򣬵ڲҲһƤ
͵Ϊ˻ʴһ£Ȼ۾Ȼа취Ҫִ˰
֮㲻ȥȻҪʴȥ
˿壬֪ʱʴæſҽβˣ֮У޲ʢʴֻش
һתߡ
࣬ȥȥҪȥȥʴķԸӦʱ˳ȥ
˱Ƿ˼ѵҲ»ʴģ
˳һ뿪
ֱֳİһͬĻΤةḮ
Τةǲӱ㲻Ů󣬴Ҳһ
ְڡ
·ϱѾ忴岻
ܿ켸˵˵ط鿴ֳɷ
ɷɽǸʵˣ֣һӣǺͷŮͬ
ɽȫ˺ۣ·ȳģ˫ֺͽ϶͡
±㲻˵һҡ
ɽ
ҡ
Ϊɱӣʻ˶ţɽҡͷֵͷ˵֪
ʣ˭㣿
á

úܿ쵽һϹŵɽȥҪ򣬹ֱӽ˰ƴʮӡ
ΤةһվŭΪΣôܴ״֮ˣ
ûʳͶ̴ɽ˵Ĺȥһˣʹˣѱˣ
Τةһȥˣʮˣֱ¡
ƣʣ˽ͨǸھںδ˽ͨˣ
ƲϣҲ֪
ʹ֪˸򣬴֪Ϊֹ⡭ھȥǸ˽ͨ˵Ǹûб£õʮٲˣҪǸȰҵʮ塣
ɫ˱䣺Ҫлǰ참
֮ǰθɽ̵ô
ɫˣֻתȥ˽ͨˡ
ƻǲ˵ҲҲ
ҲˣԼ˵˽֮ͨ˵Ǻ㣬˵˵ע⡣
Τةվֱ¡
ȻйˣҪ˭ı
Ǹ˽ͨˣһͨ򣬴ǸڵֱƹҪ˽ͨץ֮Ҫǣűɱ
˵δ֣һΪºֻǰæݺ
Һ֮£񼫣֮أǰطˣǵԼ̣ȥ˰ɡ
ȥȥſڡ
ȥǲǲˣ
֣ҪҰ참˵Ҳˣҵ׸ȥ
µƿԣֻò忴˱ͷ˵˵ʬ·ùǴ͸ڰ˵Դסȷ˿ǽȥЧȡ
⣬꣬ɷ֮£ɷ򣬰๼ʬӷĹڳͬ͸ùǣǽȥ
һҪɹ˸ٷ
Τةɫף濴ࣺة࿴Σ
¼Ȼǵ۾ģͰջ˵ȥ졣
ǡ
Ժ󣬰ʱ򣬰ƾͿϵ˷ӵ˳ȥȥſڿˡ
ߵҲȥ
˳氲Ʋſϵʬ壬һѾõʬǡ
˰ƾͶģתȥˡ
ҽſڣͿҽſĴȥͣ£үڿң
ԣסƵ֣š
ŵ²үģ
š
֣үϣأ
ˣʲôı䲻ˣҲұ鷳ˡ
ȷүɱһӰˡ
﹬ܵ
޵֮ϳ·Τةڸ״һȲ裬վһԡ
£ҷŮӣܱ˶ԴϲմǲݣҲбҪԭŮǼįһЩŻˡ
Τة࣬޽Щˣ͵۾˵ɡ
˦ֲܣȥЪˣ漴˹ȥ
ص޵㽫ԭԭ߷ա
ǰ棬ʱΤةĸ״
(δ)

߰ʮ ˵һ

ĿһʮΤة࣬Ȼ˫۾ۼ
Τة࣬ǲΪŮӱҪɱŮõɱӱͷˣ
Τة಻⣬ʲô˼΢΢̧ͷһְۣͷˡ
̸֮࣬һʱң
Τةǳߵģߺ˷ܹ޹
ڵģոһ£ոս˵
㲻˵ˡ
ˣĽ˵ǴˣŲȴûͣ£ˣ±ס˷յ֡
̧ͷĿࣺյֻһʼպĹģЩ֮Ҫĸĵģǲģû˹ͷˡ
ͷŷձŵ֣ôӦһ
ȥЪţղ˵ոҸ˵ˣҪǲڹԳȥҸʵĹԸ⣬˵ǹϰˣ˵Ҫ㿴Ҳ԰ȥס
ţĹߣôߣѾռˣĶûпߵıҪ
Ҫ·ģ·ȥǸģҲԼԼġ
˻·ԼС
պЦѵһҲɣ
ʲô
˵ʲôտģ۵ǵϷĹ⡣
ҲڵЩ꣬ǰչ㣬һ˱ᣬѾǺܴĲˣҪ·
վؽ󣬿Իﵽӣ統һ仰˷սһ
ʱҪսذܣ˵ٸʮ꣬Ӧˡ
ʱǷŭģʱĻ϶Դ˷ŭѣŻһʱʧûвϵϲ޺лɳ˵ġ
ԭΪʮ㹻ˣۿʮ͵ˣȻףֻǶʮ꣬ǲá
жʮ꣬ҲĶ֡
˵Ǿ仰Ҫսʤ͵öһˣ˾ڣػɽķ½ַ
ǲŵģ˵ʮ꣬ʮ
ûжʮ꣬Ѿ֪ˣ˵ĶǶԵġ
ģ֣ô߰
ģɲ˫ղأ
ɣֻ˵ҲûˣǺЦġ
ǲǸɾģҲҵһ仰˵ǸɾģǸɾģ˵ǲɾģǲɾģαЩأΪڣûмΪ㸶ˣΪˡ
ģɾĺܣ
֣ڶϲһߣһ㲻⣿
һ̽κ͵һЦΪʵȷûǵġ
ΪҲɱǣǡ
ô֪أ
һַƣֹûƵģСʱΪ̰棬Щȥʮʱͨ巼㣬˺Щ취ڸȥ
ⶫȴת޵յϣΣΪȴܱϡ
ϵδԽŨڰˣȫް㡣
ô棿ƵţʲôûС
˵ŲֻΪԣ
ʲô
ղ죬Ŀ۹ſڣеģҲ˹һЩЩ仯֪࣬ǲǷָǵĺӣˡ
պǵĺӣҪ֤һ¡
ɡ
£ϵζʲģĺЦ⿪ϵѣ׼ȥҡ
æµѾϰÿ춼ҽѧβˡ
Ǹ򣬱ҴϲβȻѪȣǹûжթġ
ǾǣǾͲǣ˲ֱҩҩͳˡ
뷨Ƹ뿪ˣ̫üǣǡ
һΰ¹ȥ˳£ڲҪˡ
Ҫ뿪Ҳճ̣ʱһֱϳŮ۴˼Σûȥ
¿ּѾڷˡ
˶˵ʴ۸ˣ˿ڷͳ˴£˶ɢǣðԶڷһҪһλİŮۣǻʴ˵ί˾ǹ塣
ҲżȰºδ޷ݣܵһ֦
ĺ˶ǣΪ˹Ƭɭ֡
ȻϿȴǣѷҲỻġ
ڰ˵һʼϷעһ룬һĲУԼĵ£Ǹܳͷһġ
ͨϵŬ֮󣬰ߡ
ʱҪŶûС
(δ)

߰ʮ ʲ֮

ȥȰ˵Ҳ˷ڴǣʴֻΪһ˻ţҪŮӵĺ󹬲С
ΤةͷӣҪΪѡһλ޵Ļʲ
ƱϵЩ֣ôûдϵôôڿˣǲǺôأ
Ҳѣ˳߷ˣǸˡ
빬ڹſƴ
һƷæǰ񣺡¹ټʴ
˲ض𡣡
˶񣬰ЩϰߣȴЦݣƿɫ˿ʲô˵飿
ǵģܸ˵飬ʴ¹⼸ȥʴлģ˻ʴѾԸԳˣ˴򿴹Ѿϲˡ
ôô죿
ǣҪлʴҩ˼λ¸صĴ򣬶˵ˡ
Ǿͺá
ʴɷ¹ٿ
Ҹ㿴ɡ
ֹȥæŰָ˰ƣɨ˵ӦŮϺ
棿
ʮָˣô̵ʱڣǿġ
ɨ裬Ȼǿĳġ
Ƶͷ˵ʱ̥Ҫע⣬رǷϣķ࣬Ҫ˴˺ӣ̥ȻǺУҪһźãҲŮ֮ĸ顣
ʴԼǣƼˡ˵밲ƺ͹С
£ڷˣΪһ£ǰշƵĺ㣬˰
ͷߵĸŹ˷
˼Ůۺ͵۾׼˵Ҫߵ顣
Τةб࣬ǸȢһλеĻʲ
֮£ΤةǺ͹ˣ깬˵ã
ʴ㿴أҪŮġ
ƿûʲôӦĹ壬˵ʲŮ㣬̺һ۵ļѶգȢ˻ʲŮҪɥˡ
˻ȻʴҪ̺⡭ôУ
һϵİԵܲñ飬˵֪λӣҪ޸ƣһϸ°ɡ
˻һ˰Ͳסˣȷպı̬Τة˵£봫ٻʲѡ
տ۹壬ƢȷʵǿһЩڷҪ˺ġ

ܿһӴӷ
ʮңſɺںɫӣһͷڷ磬òƼ˻ǵһ
ӵģҪǸӲǽӲͦˡ
˵̧ͷŮĽѵġ
ȴǸյŮˣҲϲ͵ģĺŮ
ֻǿۣתǰ
ǹһֱԷ
֮μ£۾֮£ΰݡ
ս漴һᣬƣʴ⣿
ûɣⶼưֱƸ˹壬 Ҫô
տȥôΣ
彣ü𣬿ϵİ֮˹ȥ˲ԣһƴ˹ȥ֮ŵܣֱӶ㵽˰󣺡ңҡ
֮˵Щţתȥ
ҲҪ
£ˣ˵˹岻˽룬ûУҲҪһ뵽ҪͬļƤһء
ȫʬ
˵ǰԵԵϢ
ɱ˲㣬õȫʬ
󵨿ͽǷݲҰ㵨Ůۺ͵۾Τةŭˡ
峯ΤةȥǴڴһ֮֮ϣʻ϶Ҫֱ棬˴ǵûдΪϱ˵ѡ
ҴƱûŮӶȢһ˵ӣҲһޣҲӦƣһһһ˫ˡ
Ǵ⿴˳ۣҪƻĻ£㡣
΢΢񣬿ģǵЦ۾˻ö죿
š
ĿŹ壬˵ˣѰ֮ȥѺ˿̸У۾Ҳϲ
ڻʴȢʲ飬ʱᡣ
ͬ㵥պ˵١
ѾּΤة໹δȴűߵİ֮˵ĸоǷҪ֮ɣ֮Ҳŵòֻʶӣһһ˵ԼԼ
ٲȻǱŵĲᡣ
ƷߵǰŭһۣȻҪɱҲȵȥ涯֣ɱҲ֪ɱǸˣݲ˵ģ
һ˫أŵľսʴͻһ֮ѣɱ˵ɳԷˡ
Ǿһȥɱ
˵˵һ͵һᣬ߳ϻûɢţǱѾϢ 
֮ѾڳˣһֻѻУ̨Ϲȥˤˡ
(δ)

߰ʮ ܸҽ

˻ȻΤةƴĸԼ˵ǹΪ̲סĲ£׻ģһ
ƴʱЩߣûôİɱˣôҲһǰˣںɱˣɱ˻ôҪɱʲôʱ򣿡
˳ۡһᣬ˵ţһֻѻɽ䵽˹ļϣ忴ȥϻѪ
˱ŵòᣬ巴ֵҲϴɾ˽ȥ
ѻһǱŻˣæ˳ȥ·ɵ˱˳Ƶģ
˱ŵòûѻߵĵطݺݵĿһ۹壺ү²ˣ
üһ۰Ʊ㲻˵ˣ֪£Ҹԡ
ȷʵ鲻Ǻܺãôɱˡ
ҪûҲˣв
վһߣ˹ȥȥƵ֣ˣɱˣ
Ҳǹģո˵ʱˣȥɱˣҲǱġ
̧˵ģ
棡
ߣ
ƵƢãûˣǣһƢ񱩣ֶΰڣʴúŪ֮Ұ
ﱯˣرΤة࣬ʱѾˣվվžεˡ
տȥˣȽΤةȥΣ֪ǲŻˣȷʵǱһЩҲ֮飬ڴУŮȢ򣬺ñǷҪȢһܣҲŷӵĸʴȢʲôʲˡ
ǻʴԸ⣬Ҳˡ
հѴһŶԻˣƲ˵ĸʣ׼̻ȥˣﴫϢϳԷ壬ҪȥС
ҲãҲʱˣҲʱûȥˣֻȥҲûʲô׼ģͰ֮ǰһЩ鱦ɣȥðɡ
лĸʹ͡
Ҫ鱻һ仰ӦˣǷĻʴ뿪ǲܵģΤة£ة಻ûû˸Ҷԣֻǿ¡
ı˵ȻҪߣǽǣ۾ҲҪȥһˣȥһЩ飬˳űȥɽӣϾǷҪ֡
飬ʱ
࣬ݴһְ

һо͸õһѾȵϲ£ˣ˵ʲôûȣϾΤة඼ȥˡ
¶£ֱҲ˶˵֡
ô˳ľҪ뿪Щʵкܶ˶ƣǵξƲմģڷֳһʵ飬ŮӾŮǲȾƵġ
ⲻȾƵŵ͸Ƶ˵ǣٹٷ׷׵ǣڴӲùüˣھƶܺȡ
ҲͬķĵһϣֻаԼ֪ǲϲֳϵġ
ƱŹȥˣ׼յͱ
Ҫһ̣ȴôѻЩ鱦Ūǹʱ붯ǾŪҲò·;ңԶôȥİǹЩŪһڼװҲû
Ʋ⣺Ϊβߣһ˽ȵǣ鷳
忴۰ƣߣҲδؾǸãοùã֮ǽ˴⡣
ƾù˵Щô鱦ܾòס
ʲôףȫ˿ǻȡģ㵱ЩʳȺǰ費ɣܽȥֻмˣôĶ͵ĳô
Ǿˣ᲻Ƿ﹬ͨͨҪȻôȥģ
ǾͲˡ
ȥЩ飬Щ֡
ȥǰҪȥǱߣ²δ˵𣬱뿪˵£û뵽һϵˣ˷飬պӦþͻǡ˵
Ƶû뵽Ĵ㡣
ŰϢ
˸磬Ҳ˸Ϲܸҽܸҽһ·ֲ̿ĵ˷ܾ˵Ҫˣ
˰ƱˣҲ֪ܸҽǵģͷĿһ۹壬Ȼ
˻㹻˽˵ġ
ҽģߵãԻȥˣҸλǻǱѧϰ̵ˣԹߵˣȥҲصģҽһ£ͷʦֵһȥǡ
ְлõ˰Ƶĳŵܸҽ԰ʮҲǰｻģδһЩǷûеģܴҲˣƵȻϣûвʹġ
أҲҪ뿪ˣܸҽ޸пûûһδ
˻֣ܸҽ˲ᣬתȥҽݵ飬꣬ȡջȥҲúͼС
(δ)

߰ʮ û

Ƹ˷Ů۵ˣϿǻȥûʲôмװ鱦ӣƺ͹ûһͣˣ˼ٰķȥķ
Ǳ߻ЩҪȥ˲ȥĵط
н죬ƺ͹ŵ߹أϢһٳء
ճȥˣĴͨ죬ǣһƥͷɫģϻǴ
տŽֱߵ⣬պպ÷շŵİ棬¶Цݣƺǲģóһ¿ģ㿴ɺã
õĺܣ㶼ˣȥҪڴ˴¶ˡĴȤպ˶׼뿪
ƻǸжģ˵ûǲܵģദ£ҲܹоģնǺõġ
ҲǣһƥһƥȫҪ졣
ͷʱտƺ͹壬Ȼݴ磬Ƿһ۾ϳǡ
ͺƺ͹Ҳһ۾ϳĺͷһ
˶Ӱȥͷմкĸס
׺ЩôеġյӺܵڿ棬ֻܿ۾ʱҲôڴ԰ƾãҲֻʱ
ǣס
һԵĵǺڣľʢʪʺһЩӳҲ˻ˣˣҪóӺˣŻᷢ˶ùƳ顣
ʮǰȵѾּͨʹùƳ棬ҽ˺ܶΪˣҲһЩսҡ
±˵ǸйϵӲϲʹù໥ɱʮʱȻ£ʼɱˣŻһʱҲ˵£ǻ˲СۣǾǶҪһ֦㣬ϰƳ
ĵͷȷʵȻѹ֮˵ҪƳҪСˣ˿˵ˣͿƳ
һ˵ֻһͨ˿ˡ˵
㵹֪Ĳ١
ǵ۾ѯʡ
ĵͷǲǾãǹģ
ҡͷⲻܣȻϸԼһѹأֻЩҪѧˣ϶ҲŬı֣Ƴ֮ѧ׵ģֻҪٿؼɣʱܿ˵Ĳǲٿء
ȷʵʱ˵ĵȻǱĽãǿ˵Ŀȴǳ˵ģǸʶģһ˷ŵϣ˵һֻƳ棬һֻƳ濴ȥͨȴһ֣ƳҪγҪһ˵塣
ϵˣǱˣǵʱڵķӣÿս̵ѧϰ֮ˡ
˶Щ˻Ǻãʱ˵Ĵ󲿷ֶǻʼҺ͹ټҵĺӡ
޺Ҳڡ
ͨ㿼ԣյ㡣
ۿҪУΨһסľǰĹƳ˭⡣
˶գΨһˡ
˾ǵ۾ֻͨе۾һˡ
岻뵽ʱΡ
Ҳû˵ʲôһǰУһҲһ죬һҿջס£Ϣһϣڶ·
ĸһ߹һ߿羰Ҳһߴߵ顣
ҹ٣ջԺмˡ
ȡڱȥ֮ǰҵǣɱϵ뿪
תȥƾںվš
үΪҪҵˣ
ײʳѰǳɡ
ȥҲ˻ȥ
үôȷϣô֪ᱻүɱ֪үˣ϶ˣҡһֱãĶֲүһˡ
Ů˵ֱɣƾоȻÿζҪɱյһϢ䵥ˣͣ׷ɱ
ʵںĻ˲Ŷԡ
ֻһЦδǶĶֻ֣Ҫ֮ǰȳ
ô֪ԼأүҪ֪Щ±δؿֻ֣Լ˲˼
磬һǷ£ƻ˷޸顣
ү˵ΪүݲһٶҪү
ɫͲϲ֪Ҫ˵ƣҪǲ˵Ҳ֪ġ
˽ȥϢϼ·
ʱ˵һСַǷȻˣСˣƺͷȥˣ˵㶫
ֿᣬ˵˸ǡ
ˣҲˣҸʱˡ
ҡͷǣûˡ
š
˵طϢԹԻطϢ
ҹ˲ϳԺȸ·
һƬӣĸˣ˼ʮˡ
ƾ֪ϸ·϶ԭ
Сﲻ֣ܶôŵСϵľǱ׼߶֣ЩҪֵҲ뵽˴˴ǲıˣ
(δ)

߰ʮ ʹ

˫ܿʹˣĵ󣬰ƺͷڹսһ˾ɱɱˣᵽɤȥˡ
㱻ҲǿˣǸ飬ܱˡ
ôˣһȥɱ֪Ϊվһվţ鶼ûУˡ治֪˵ʲô
ƴĵƲġ
ĵЦ˵ܵǿеǺǿ󣬵δΪ㾡УҪ˵Ȼԣο
ʲôʱˣ˵ûҪǹΪǳ£ǲԭĵġ
ͣ£Ľ죬ҲȫѪ
æȥһ飬ȷûһ
·Ҫʱ򿴼һˮȥϴϴ·Ҳġ
ȻһͬȥˮǱߣˮƼˮûʲôҪȥϴϴպڲԶǡ
ϴƸ·ϣ˲ż·
֮·ܳ˽ɱʼնûɹ
ۿǣȽȥָ˵סȥ·
˴ֻˣҳ඼Щ죬İСòÿһ¨ӣǵˣϸֲǡ
֣ǵģ
Ӧòǡ
Ҳˣû˵ʲô
ĵ˵Ƴˣһֵܣһʱܺ͹Ƴ潻ˣʮùƳٿˣ¨Ӳͻֹƣ԰ɣ
ĵĻƮƮģԷô򵥣忴һۣ㻹Լɡ
պЦһЦ˵ˣסƳ治Ҫ֣㶯֡
˼Ƹоؿһ𶯣СںСѾˡ
ղС𳤴һȦҲˣСҲûССһЩ
ֻƳſڴӿڣ棬̵ĹһŽӣӺҪɹ̫һ˺ɰ棬ġ
С͵ĽлȻ˳ȥСǹս
ͷһĸʱ۷Ź⣬һ˴˵벻⣬Ȼû
СǱ¨Ķȥģһ̴¨ҪСȥСһֱӳ۾˹ȥһ£æŽг¨ĸ棬ǳĸҲֺ֣ܶСǳõ֣ɫ͸ͷҲֻ֪Ȼʹ󣬸ͷҲ󣬵ɫȴá
С𿴵˹ȥͬ࣬ԱɹƳͬࡣ
˵ˣС˹ƳĹƳ涼£ֻʱУʹ򲻹˼ҡ
ֻһСҲ£ǺģС¾ͳеһֻӡ
һԿߵĴųĹƳ棬ǹƳȻ˵ǹƳȴʵʵһ֣Сڳ˳ȥۿҪСˣСһҧסԴҧˡ
ͷŭˣųֻĹƳ棬СڶҧԴ
ͷһðǣ¨ӣҪҲ¶СʱѾһֻӡ
Աˡ
СڻסСҧסһȾͻص˺ɰϣС굽ȥǽҲ˽ȥСںɰͽлΧ֪ʲôʼ𶯡
ͷӾô²׷׺ˡ
֣Сڷŭˣ
˵䣬ΧĶһֻɫĶӳͷӵȥͷӳڵĿȫǡ
Ʋһ̫ˡ
ķ˵߰ɡ
ıŷˣæŹ뿪ʵǿȥ˵ӡ
˺ܿǣһǱӭӣӭӵǷ顣
硣
ѵлģҲֻжĵʱ
ˣɡ
Уͽȥˣƺ͹屾ֵĸں棬С˵֪ʲô
˵ġڰƵĶ˵ʲôˣ෴޺ʲôûУϴ˲ˣʲô޷ҫ
ƿ۹壬бģľôŰˣԭҵԴˣйϵйϵ첻µز£˲׵
ԭ񶼲Դ֪ǲǣҲǿˡ
һǳģٹѾſжӵȺˣİָ˷գ˵ҴӦ㣬һգҪȥ񿴿㣬ˣҴȥ·һ
Ƹںһ꣬ôԶ˷ȺͰյĵǣľ㵣ΪҪѷմ񿴿Ҳܿɹˡ
ƺ͹ҲȥĵĹǱߵƬ̣޺ѾҴҵˣѾȬĽݡ
Ľݵȿһ۰ƣİƲڡ
˵˲ϣٴμĽݣȥ˵ǲΪá
Ľݲû޺վ̫ϻʵĹȴܼȥͨ˵ˣȥ
Ľһ£۸˵޺ޣҪҲΪһҲš
Ľǰڵݣû˸
ĽȥǬ棬ƴʱ̧ͷ⵽ϷǬ֡
ߵĹһɹŵġ
(δ)

߰ʮ ˿Թҩ

Ľȥһ۰ƣȥǬſĽݺǹĽݼ塣
ĽȻִˣѾ꣬ЩѬ˴˴Ļ֮С
ǸעػȨĵطҲǡ
ĴʱѾϻۣ׼ճȥ
Ľݲδʣ£

Ľ֪ζʲôοǰƵĸףܵõϿɣ棬ȡû˻ġ
ǳȥ
ŷյȥ棬մŵѾ׼ۣ۵ĺק˺ܳһƬΪ˿໥һۣ߳Ǭ
޺վ濴ŵŮӻζһ£㵹ڵϡ
һİŵŮˣô
ƺȻףɳʲôˣ

ʱǸӣоģΪһնɱȴΪŮıһӣ˵һжΪǰŮ˶ѡ
ϧҲûõʲô
УһûʲôȿŮ˺øˡ
ʼҲΪǵõãʼΪΪǿģİŮ˵ġ
ա
޺Ҫտۣ
ջǵң۳ŷȥľݣû·κǰ⡣
ͣ£¶οЦݣû£
۵Ĺģû۵մһ۵ɫѿ
ָܿ糣ԵίʱϵĻҲôŻ㣬ͳȥ
÷вңвԵĿôÿЦ˭Ĵˡ
Ҳ˵ˣֻҪͷҾ͹ְ
ΪҹĻİİοң
۱µƿԣտģ߰ɡ
Ŵŷȥ˳¥ϣ˳ڳ¥ϣ۵ʱ򣬰ƾķ̣Ƕ۵ķ̣ȻЩ
ǷҲ顣
ǸԹߡ
պվһʱ۾һʱĽڰƺ͹ҡ
滹ˣϾԭȵĻ̫ӻˣ̫ϻȥʱȣλ̫ӵģҲû˵ȻҲҵҲ˲٣ҿҲǸݽɫǾ˭ҵ
ӳϹţֱĿ˵¼ȻʣȻ£²ܣڻ̫Ůһ£Ѿ⡣
ڻϣʲôҲȨ棬ջֻǴľķ˶ѡ
ҲشСֵģ⼸չ󣬹»뿪ȥݼĴ硣
˵ʲôʲô֪ġ
Ƣǲõģɱ˵̧Ƥġ
Ľñŷմӳ˻عѾĹ磬նȻܾˡ
صǬձȥϢˣ˭
۾Ǭţһֱȵҹߡ
ƶ˯һˣ棬վţҲߣĽݾ͸վš
վڴڿ棬ۣôվڹűԭ£˳Цˡ
ϵ֪˶١
һ·Ҫ
Ǭվһϣûõԭ£ʱ׼ȥ˭֪һͷԵڵأ˾͹ȥˡ
ʹĽҲżˣ˿ĽݽӣƼæ˹ȥסɨ谲Ʋ֪˥
ϱҩæóҩȥĽ֪Ǻ;ҩģҲʡ
ƽǬ棬ĺͷҲ֪ˣ˽ձװʮָ䣬۵Ľǰһ۱Я뿪ˡ
Ľ׷ȥҪ£Ķûᣬŷֱ뿪ˣȥңҲˡ
ƶڵϵһùˣ֪Ǿߡ
ǰǲϳҲ߲ˡ
ȸβĽݻ˰ԺһЩ͵޹档
Ϊۿǣ˹ȥ
빬ۻѣգ˵Ѿ뿪ʹˣˮײҲ˵
ûдҩϣ޷룬ˮײҲζźܿ͵ȥˡ
˥ҪעӪԽԴԽ׳£µİƵ۾Զˡ
޵ȥ벻취
Ľһֱҡ
ҪоͰ˿ɣܳȥˡҲ벻İ취ˡ
˭ô
Ľ΢΢üǲ˿ʵġ
ûһۣȷʵ̫ˣظĵز
û˸ôƽһ˿۵죬ιҩ
(δ)

߰ʮһ 

ۺ໺۾ǰŮȥ֮УΪǰŮӾǷգĸվԶһɫӣȴʮĮŮӡ
աعۣòſڽǺͿģǽˣûУЩˡ
ƳƣԷԷ׶
۵üͷ壬ģһģۻֻǽϡ
˵ʲô۾ʲôֱҶ˵һ֣Զſ̵ĳԶŻҪСĿš
Ƹһ࣬ʵʵĳһ࣬ĶǼﶼǷŲǵ
ƸҩȥҩĺܣȻһ֮ܲϲɬĶֻγԵĺԸ⣬û֡
ҪƽʱҽҩԵʱܻ᲻Ը
ҩ۾ڴ϶ŰƳ񣺡գԭˣ
Ⱥ˵ɡ뿪ȥ壬һȲţС
үϾͺȲ裬˭ģɫãûİѲŲһߣ
Ҳˡ
Ľ̽ǲ뿪ҸǲԹۣҲһδεİǵģˣҲٶ
ڣʲô֤ô
֤ҵȻУֻ㿴˻ŻͷǣǺô죬ҸûˣҲ٣Σ
ܲĽݣͷһۣѯʹ˼үأ
ҲãЩҪܴãͿӵĳˣг⵱Ȼ¡
ĽݺЦ壬ôթ
թǱԣʶż졣һмһˣİƿЦãˣġ
ˣҪɣ
ĽһȻ˵ɣô˵ƶ޳ҪҪأҪŵ
ҴҲҪиɣƾʲôأҴһɽɽȥ˵οǾˮˮʲôң
ֻǰ
ô˵Ҫҷ׷ƣ
ЦǱӣûʸ׷󣬱ҲᣬƵ磬㻹ˡǴЦ
ҲںܴӺ׷һںЩʲôǣҪľƣǰҴģһҲٴһ㣬ҾȥĵطҲȥĵطһԴƻȥ
ǸѾƵ壬ʱ˻Ļ壬ֻҪȥǾͻһ𣬶ͻԶ
ɫѿЦһ£ı°ɣˣδͻصȥһأ
үǾ˱㣬ͷһգʲôò
Ľߣô˵˵ĻҪǲƣ㿴ѿ²£
Ц£԰ɡ
׼뿪һ°ƣƵֱսƵ֣ƣǰ׵ģôãȻ֪µģûô£µĻŻš
忴ĽݣҪǾҪ£Ҫ£͵ôӦ߱uʲôطҪϱѹuץȻͱ̸ˡ
Ҫץuͣ
Ľݵû뵽ΪвҪơ
תĽݿŹ壬ɫࣺʵҲ֪ʲôطҲûкϵֵڶ࣬Ҹңһֱ͹uкҲһҳȥ£u͵˳־ұ㿴ǴΣʵڰ͵ʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
Ҳǻص֪ЩǺҸк
ҲʹΪʲôҪôҸ˵º޹أϣǣ֮ȥҪר޳֣ڳԼˣ׼ǻ֮󣬿Ժúùĺûʵۡ
ͷһۣĽݣȻˣǾûʲôɺˣȻ֪u͵λã˰ɡ
ƣߡ
˵߾ߣŰҪ뿪Ľסǲߣƣˡ
Ľȫʽģתۣһ֮Ͼ
ſ۹ͣҪǵ飬Ҫȥˡ
תȥָ۳һҩ
ҩˣһ߷
ѾˣĽݻں͹˵u͵飬廹Ǽ֣˽ͻ߰ƣæ
Ľȥۣȥƣֱ䡣
ô
̧ͷүȳȥ
ȥ棬ŰƳȥͰѰƱסˣҲ
үҪұߣǧҪǵңҪƺܺ£֪Ľû˵ѣĽʱиӦȥʱ򿴵һʱ;֣Ǹ˭
һرĸоû뵽ˣ
(δ)

߰ʮ ɱ

ȥơƿƣ˫۴ûô׺ݣɱͻزȥˡ
үûУˣͻȥˣ
أҲȥģ˵屣ϣ˿ţҺ굽ֻɵǣ˾ǻȥˣҲһֻҪ취ɱңȻɱͿԻȥˡ
ƺȻôˣĽĿľǴߣΪĽ֪ôȥֻҪ壬ôȥվҲص
Ľɱ壬׻Զزˣ
һ鶼ûУ
뿪תһȥ
ʲôǻ򣿡ʡ
һЩָף˿۽ëЩÿѧֶξһҡ
ʱǸʱڣǲû˵ģʱĽʮңʱѾ׷ԲԣʱʱʮɣĽʱ̫ˣ˵һһ䣬Ƿַ붼ڱ仯
ʮǺ𾪵ģѧչһĳ̶ȣҸ֪Էʲô
ʱ򣬿ѧѾо˺Ļںˡ
˺󣿡һ֡
תǸܶģֺεо⣬ԲԸ˵Ժ汦ƵĹ壬ֲԸܾ
үСǼģ˺˽ϵĲ˵˺Ľô£
죬춼˵Ժȴ˵Ļ棬ǻеģеëȻˣƽһξҪϢˡ
ƺε˵ڿѧڲϵĽϵ֮̽ǰʮ꣬ѾʼĳЩĿ¡¡ѪҺ¡ģ¡ڵû𡣡
ô£ϷıΪҪ˯ˡ
˵ɼ˵Ļ򣬺Ļֻϣ˵ľӣҲүãһЩ˹ֶΣĸϣȻĸУһЩġ
ʱĻĶѾаٷ֮ˡ
˵Сϣаٷ֮ĵĻ࣬˵󣬿еطһġ
ǺԤģǶ軹أ
ɫ쳣ѿݡ
ƿŹ壺ү㻹̫ˣ˽⽫࣬ǧ࣬ΪһЩ䡢̬ΪѾ
öү֪ʵܰġ
һЩ߰ʮˣǮģ䡢̬ר߰СŮǸ飬ٺӡ
ԼӣһԷ޹ֵĶ磬ȻҸŮ˴У˹ѧֶΣүŪʶŮ˶ȥӣʱүߣ˭ʶ˭
Ҳоһӵġ
ʵ̥̺ҪڻˣÿնĿȾүΣ⺢үģȻҶ
үϲ裬Ҳϲ裬
үĻ̥̣Ǻӽһ֡
Щ֪˴УЩеˣζȷ׬ǮŮˣܺô
㻷ÿ쿴ӣʲôʲô˯ʱǲǱŽѾˣ֪ô
ЩøͷЩһԶһЩ¡
ܵӰеģûкܴġ
Լ
üǵطãʵϲ
ҿʼϲȽ󣬵ҾҿӦûΥʷ飬ʵ޷˷µ顣
Ķթֻϵ飬ٰҲܷΥʷ顣
岻һ󲻵Ǹ˷ĵز
Ѿʼˣ
ӻЩ𺳵ġ
Ĺļ򣺡үЩˣϲ̣ӵŮˣÿ̡
һҪڴץȫʬǲ֪ܡ
үҾϲүİҪﶼү˻˵ʲôȻ󣬵ү˵㣬ү˵ǾͲ˭˵֡
ﲻһЩ˺޳ܣ˶ӯ飬ʦ˾̸еˣġ
Ҫʵ޷ǮȥвߵļЩ˾ˣͲҸˣͲˣٲʵǸ㲻ǮЩˣЩôǮİǮˡ
Ǹ磬͸һǹֱ䡢̬ˡ
ô䡢̬ģֵۣطô棿
ĸкЦʵ˻Ƕģ˶ҲûãһʺͻһȣŪôҶá
ôҲ취
ôûҪֻ˿٣˿ڶ࣬Ҽǵһˣһʮӣܲɡ
ǲҲܺá
Ǻܺãֻϲˣϲط
ǾͲȥǵطãűűƺãһֱ
һûӦˣû˵ѪƵģү˵
ҪǱҪеʱ򣬱ɱƣ
ˣǱ黰
(δ)

߰ʮ ǿ

ϲȻ˵óֻ˵İ
˭ԸǸߣʣһ˶ܣ¹µ䣬ʲô˼
ɱ˶Էȥˣˡ
һʮţһһͶ̥ȥĸ˼ңҾſڳٳףһ𡣡
ƣεºܣ棿
ƺЦⲻǿܺôүѲɵΪϡүˣ
ɫһߣ
ĿڵƲûɢһδƽһ
§һƵķɢȡţ㣡
ƻͷ壺үҪˣҲײǽҿ϶ٻġ
ȥ㡣
Ҫȥңүһ·ô죿
ᣬһҵõơ
巢ģҵƣǻ᲻ֿ
ԼҲүȥңүˣҲҪꡣ
ûлش𣬰ƼҿԸүŮ
忴ƣֺŪʱ䶼룬ǲһ°ѶӶˣˣⶼˣûж
ΪҲȡһЩʩʱûжѡƱ˵£֪᲻ˣΪ˱壬Ҳġ
Ȼƿŭ˫۾ҪƵġ
ֱӷ˸ۣѵô
廹ûŭĵϰ˫Ƶ۾ĵͲ㡣
һֱҪŮôںŪվǲҴУԹѡ
һͣһһֱûãСǻСҲʣǻˣʱҲոպʡ
үżʱҲҪԵֵģ㿪Ҳ㲻ģģүƴȥңҲûõģү֪
أһίӶôѣԦĸоȻá
ƺЦү˵ˣ
ֻǵģȻûҲǿԵġ
š
üʲôʱ
ȥɣȥүӦң顣
ҪǲӦأ
ǾͲõʱүһͷײŮûչˣԭһ۸
ү㲻ͬԭûôʵҵûʲô𣬶ǿԳʱŮˣûңû㣬ǵŮԭʲô𣿡
岻ƿ۵ĹǱߣʱŹȥԷ
ӵʱ̸Ϣһ£Ľݾˡ
ſˣӴƱ
ˡ̫ǬǹͰסĵط̫źţ֪Ϣˣ̫ҲҪС
´᣷²Ž˿ţϾǹ֮仹ҪϻҪȥ
ϡ
߿ڣۻЩӦ۹Ű˰֣˰ɡ
£ۿŴǱߣЩ㱳
ûô
ûС
ƶ£ǺñӰ۾ϡ
ߵǱ£Ų˵޵Ĳǲβˣ
֪ǲκãҪƣˣϿʡʵ֪
۳ȥǷ͸˹ˣģǷᰤӵĵС
ԣûһ½
ֵܣ͸һʲô¶רŸԡ
ͿͿģĺܡ
Ľݸ˵ҪҵuͣҪĽݰæuͣд£
Կżɽ
Ƥȷʵд⡣
uȷʵҲȷʵ͸޵ģʱޣ˵Ҫ޿ɳ͸ŵ³֮󣬸һʷı𣬶ԸÿŮӵ޵ĺ󹬣һʽȴͬһĽס
޲δӦһҪֽףu͵޲⣬ΪĻ޿ͬ⡣
uͲԸ⣬˵ΪҲųꡣ
ĿֻҪ棬º黹ȷ
Ǹ˾ӣë֮أ޿ϡ
Ϊ˱ʾĳ⣬ĽݣǾǺʾöѡ
ȷʵǵĺûдɡ
ʵ֪أҲطͬôߣЩ߻޵Ҳһ
޸ı䲻ÿ˵뷨͵Ǻһڡ
һ֪˭ڵޣҲǣ޲ǡ
涼һǿ
ʲô֪ʲô
ĶĿڶʲô˼
ûᡣ
Ϊɱ˻УݾδǺ¡
(δ)

߰ʮ һῴ

ô˵ǲҺѹuץˣ嵭Ȼ޲·ûκһ
ۿ۴Ǳߣ޲ǲϺǲ壬uǵлã޵ޣҪɱ޵Ķӣ޵ĶӾˣⱾϲһ
ǻϿɷͣǰʱӵʹȥɱ飬ֻмˣ˶ǹu͵ˣ֪ǲǣ
Ƶǲ֪£ʱɱĲԣͿˣĽݵˣɱ˹u͵ˡ
ôǸô
ԥƬ̣ҪʹȥɱģѲɻҪˣʵĽĵģްѺڰյĻʮ꣬޵һУУʲôĵλ㻹ô
ǼСӣҲ˵ĵ֣ȥ
ô˵к
ͱˣǷˡ
Ƶƿ۲˵ȷʵģˣ޴ӦܽӾʱһ֮
Ȼ
һ⣬Ǹαӣۿľ
˱˻ԣ
ûΰæҪЩرģҲ˸˵ڴĵλһȣҲֻǸͨˣûеôࡣ
ҲϵĽͣϲҲν
忴̫࣬˵ϳȥɡ
̫ŵһ£̬ôһ
̫żǲ
ͨ죺ߣ޵ĵطΪĵô
ߵʱ»ҪҺסλͬѲҲòɣ
˵ʲô
۱ˣӶû̧ûľͳ浹˹ȥĽݼæ
ƸоãӴˣ濴ۿ첻ˣˡ
æóҩͨѪָһЩ
ۿŰƳ񣬰ûİһ۹壬˾Ͳһһܴˡ
ɲΪȻﵭȻĺܡ
۵ϢûṬ壬æŸΣҲϣƽʲôʲô
ʱһãȻƣƸһҩ裺졣
죬ưҩȥ˵ͷ棬ȥ
ЩãȻ
һᣬ۾ˣưһ
ʱ۲ʣգ
ҲգŮƲòϣѾ˷ˣһ˵õ֤
˵ײʯͷദѾ˺ܶ⣬Ҳں˺ܶ⡣
ȻǸһңڰƵǸϸĸס
ҲΪǴΪ롣
Ժߣзյݣ˲֪᲻֪
òӣǿһģʱ
ȥˣϺαһжλãѾĺ֮꣬úúõǰˣߵˣӶˣҲСˣٲ־ڵ忴Ҳûʲôˡ
̶̼ʮ꣬αΪһЩѾɵȥִš
֮ԴӲ£Ϊ̫Щ΢飬˵ģΪģѵɱôҲɱ˵ģֻɱ˺ͻϲͬɱġ
ˣɢˣ˾Ƿˡ
֪ЩŻᴦԻġ
ϺúõģĲˡ
ģġ
Ҫȥһ취ɳһܲϲϣȴ޷ıϲ飬ﲻôô
Ҫǵ治⣬Ͳ
ѵϵģȻˣôͲںˣ
ؼһʵǷޣǻ
һ޹ûô޹ҲһˣûǺãģѾõһУΪʲôڷٻƫƫҪջȫۣʳѰ
һ仰Ȼ׹ĻĴ㡣
˵ϣҪʮţĲžʮҲ꣬ʱ˵ĵƤֲģ
üͷֱŮˣ
۾еͷûҪĳУˣһж޵ġ
ԻϲܶŭúõĻţҪĿģûʵۣҪøףɷߵŮ˶ϣĿ˲
Ҫǲ϶취˵Ҳ
Բϲϣ˭ܸıϲ
վüģҪˣҪͱȷ˵ȷ˵Ĺϵ˵񶼺õ顣
һ꿴û£ʮ꿴û£ʮأ
һῴġ
(δ)

߰ʮ òҪ

˼ãô˵һ֪ҵ˼
ϵ˼·˽֪ﲻɵӣǿüģֻÿλ鶼ƻӡ飬һ룬ﱾҲһͬʵġ
ЩУϿ˵ǳ͵ˣȺ϶һۿϣֻǻͻȻõʱ򣬰γɱһˣϾΣ
룬еʱɱһ㣬ǲ˵ġ
ʱˤӷһأ
޲
϶֮Ȼó꣬˴Ҳǿüģʲôأסġ
һ뼸ʮŻϣǺȺȲ費Ҳô
ۻȻһΣô
Ҫǻġ
ô
Ļ棬׷һ˵˵ȺȲȷʵҲܺá
һ߸оĸƢζڵǣŮ׺ˣˣŪǷǺŪҲô֣Ҫš
ʣܻã
ϣһء
ƴ˻һ۵ɫһףĽ˵úÿ
ƿһĽݣҵҽбҪô
ۿȥ㲻Ҫ˵
Ľݵ˵ͷֻ˺
Ƽ˵úñҵƵҩʮ껹ǿԵģֻǲˣ·һ
һ£˵Ҳ˵ֻ·һ
ǶԵģϾÿ˵·һģǸʼǸ˶·һģֻ·ϻʲôʲô¶ѡ
۾ðԽ˵Խе˵ǲǵΪβ
˵үˣүҪ¾£ҵø뿪
һ۵ɫãôһһֻΪأ
һģΪģΪү
ʲôͬ
˲ͬһˡ

Ľûס˵ɫһ̧ȥ۸оԣ۹壬ֿߵĶӣ̹һЩ
ʱƺȥˣϻûˡ
ڸʲôǸһ̰
ƿҩĽݣÿΣˮͳɣҿûʲôԼǰţǼ⣬뿪˾ͺˡ
Ҫߣ
ĽЩá
ƻͷ壬߲˵㡣
嵭ȻҪסգһЩĿҪգ˾ͻȥ
⼸סǬʲô·ԸȥҸ岻ãҪ鷳ǡ
û⡣ڴӦˣȴŲߣûԷ˵˵
ĽݣԸˣ޽ղȥˣǬšˡ
ǡ
Ľȥ׼Ϊѣһ
ۿ۹Ǳߣʾⰲƹȥǰ¡
һ£үŻϰɡתˣ۲ã˵ʲôκΰѾˣŵǹ塣
һ֮ƵĻʱ⣬壬֡
ֶγˣĻͿ԰ˣˣһоͶˡ
⣬ǬŴһ飬ϵʱǺܸ˵ߵģ忴žͱƽʱˡ
ȥһ˻ʺĹŵûʺ˶ˡ
һ۾û˼ˡ
ҹ٣Ǭ￴ſˡ
ȥˣۺĽˡ
վ˸˸ӣμϡ
Χһۣôûأ
³ˡƺ͹Ǭˣµƣ㣬ȥ׷鹬u͵λˣӵϢ˾ŰƲ㣬ƾûȥ
ǵ㣬޵Ļʹסǣ۴ȤߵƵǰһ㶼
¹ϸŰƣͷȷʵһģһһġ
հƴһɫƵ··խ¿˿ŹģҲǰߵĴġ
ۿ˳ۡ
°ɣﻹϰô
á
£ҲûǴ˵ؾˡ
ۿŰƣˡ
հƵ˼ȥߵˣˣ
Ȼˡ
һǬô۹ҪŻŻơ
֣Ϊʲô£д̿ô
̿͵ûУǬĵطĵģҲô
ô˶ûʲôµģǵûϵҲûǣǲң෴ҺãңϾǵ
۳ĬˣòҪ
(δ)

߰ʮ 칫

ȻģһΪȥģ۵ʱˡ
޼޳ܵˡ۴طôˡ
ݸҲҼαĻϣǴˣȴʮһʵȴġ
ޡ뷴ۺȻô£ԭǸûϣҲʮˣȷʵֻİնΪ̫񶾣ԭΪġ
㲻ЩŪޣ޲һסĩ˵
ֻǿһᣬЦˣ
Цʲôأ
ǲǾãһֱ֮أ
ǣΪǿϰٱǰǱƭ˫ۣһֱ֪ѡ
ƿۣԻϻʲôأҿҪǿġ
Σ۹
һֻΪһŮˣ㲻Ů˵ĳ֣ҲǸŵɵˣһطһϣһҵΣҲܳΪסļġ
ϲһȻʱĮһЩĮıȴΪҡ
ڻϵϣڻϵ
Ҫ˿ô߰أ
ۺȻɬôǻڣûô˵ͺõĽɽΪԼÿһ£һΪա
ֻǴûСѾͷ
ú޿ģ޲һס˵һף۵ȴֿ˻ĵŮôģһһģҲˡ
ϣȲôʣ۷ܵĵ˵ͷ
ƷԸȥ׼һǧϲΣ׼һĵӣ̫Ҳʲô˼ת׼
Ǭ̫츣ƻ֪̫ʲôҲһˣȽѾˣһ̣һǧϲΣʼҵĶȻẬƿǧϲΣ⡣
Խӹ̣ˣʲô
ū츣츣ʮˣǵһӸ˵ˣʲôūŵģ˭ܹʲô
츣޳ǿסˣ̲ס̧ͷһ۰ơ
ǳһЦˣˣ칫
̫ŮⲻУС츣ôңŵò¡
һΪȻ˵㣬žš
츣ۺĽݣϺڣӶû£ô£
̫ŮҲΥ
̫ŮūŲܡ
°ɣһҿ¡˵츣˰죬ƿ£˵˷칫£ҵǺأߵ˶˵ϡŹֵϣ첻
ˣڴϵԭҲһλ죬ҽ칫ǵҲࡣ
࣬Ƚëڲڻϸǰˣء
˵ҲԵְɣҼҵıţԺҾ͸ˣ⹬棬µɣҪȥɡ
츣һݺĿʱʲô˵ˡ
츣£˾վһ߿һ߲ᡣ
츣£Ҳ֪츣ңʵǾ츣Ƚ̫ˣŻ£츣һټְƲ֪Щף̫ˡ
תϵĲȫǧϲ÷ĵӿʼƬ
ǧϲαƬƬһ룬ˮϣȸһ룬츣һ롣
ҲȰɡ
츣᲻ҽӹȥȴůġ
ūſɲң̫ŮԼȰɣūһžͳˡ츣һĨЦ
ƿ츣ЦҪǸ츣ʲôΪ츣ˡ
ưѲβ£һ߿ۣŶ˲β衣
۴ʱһ֣ȣǵһΣҽ˵βֱҩ޶ҩҲЩоҽҲȷʵˣٵʱҲʦ˵¡
ǧϲβһ֮úˣԾǵҪöԵط
ʱѪʢܳԣ̫ãٽֱ̲Ҫ飬ҪѪȱѪҲпܵġ
ǿ׳˲˲ΣҪ˵ǧϲΣҲ׵ֱá
ϵʦ˵ǶԵģǡˣ˲οֱãˣҪǧϲΣΪԽɽξԽǹãزҽͣҲҵ˼ɡ
˼˵һˣۺȻӦΪ̸֮һЦõʵۣҲô͵ʱ
Ʋشţʣϲο԰޳ꣿ
š
Ӧ˼۵ϣҪǺ׵ģһĵӺãʹʲôУֻҪǱ֢ܾ֮Ȼġ
Ƶ˼츣ˣתȥ츣Ҹ
ʹãūҽūҲǿģ˵ū֢ˣԵҩעˡ칫˵Ųûпȥ츣ŵòᡣ
(δ)

߰ʮ 

칫Ҳˣ㻹ܰƴȤ츣ͣĲ֪˵ʲô͸ƹˡ
ūſ᲻ã̫Ůб𰡣츣ˡ
˰츣ϣƾͽĽݣͷӰæŵ칫Ҹʱʵ
Ľȥס츣ļ򣬰츣ѹס
츣Ųˣ츣ɨ裬ѧϰרҵ֪ʶ츣һ¡
갲˼䣺Сʱܹô
츣ȥսʱ򲻶£ŭʦʦùӴģûϣֻ˾͸ӵȥˣʱҲټ䣬ûʱģǵƮ˵ѩҲүҲ£ĺܣ²ˣľܡ
ǾǺܶˣҲϺˣͷҸҩݽţԣⲡĲʱУҪ˾ˡ
Ȼ䣬߳ʪ
ûвĻãֵľͲ˵ģҪʪаͻˡ
ҽҲô˵ģҵҲû⣬һ͹ˡ칫ǿÿ
ƴ룬˵ȥɣҸġ
Ҫҽɡ츣Ȼǲϵġ
Ҳֱȥˡ
ȥȥţ츣ֻø˽ȥ۷Ĳ룬Ҳ˽ȥ
츣Żǲϣƾͽȥ޺ţһƽʱĴƽ츣ȥ
츣æžܾɲС
ȥɣûʲôвеġƿĽݣĽСƵģֱӰ츣ӵ޺ϡ
츣ֻ£˵ѿſڴϡ
츣ˣʹʹá
飬Ǵ򣬵ǴˣҪǿ̫ϻʵˣһ㿴ء
츣ˢһˣԴ̫ϻȥ֮󣬻û˶ôء
ƿ츣ͽ˸Ь츣ֻʵʵİѿתſ
츣˫Ѿˣ˵˫ȸײǺ£˵ҲëģƺΣϷǲУɨ׼ȷ
ϵͳͺñǰҽԺļ豸ˣﲻɨ
ư˰츣ȣ츣ŵһ£ƿȥ츣ſһˣŵֱ¡
˵СƣҷʱҲܷ°ɣ
츣һ£Ƶһ
۾ĺܣ¿
˵ôȥЩӣ嶼ˣʱӰʳͻˣ˫ľۣҲûˡ
츣ŤͷǵĿƣ̫ŮɲҪŻūţ˵ҽһūⲻǾҪô
˵Ǻ˵ˣġƾԲŻ츣
츣һͿˣҧӲǲ˲˵£ˣҪġ
¶ȸ츣룬ԭֻǴ˫룬˰æ츣ˣɫ£ԺĲʼ£һٶ롣
С̫ǶŻˣⲻ˸ˡ
칫ҲҶſš
ʱ䵽˰ȡ롣
칫ƿһҩݽŵĺͷõĶˣָһ£ɫɨ˲֪칫𺦵أÿ춼ڲʹĥ֮¡
ͲظɻˣǬţмźˣҪǵĺˣˣܶ졣

ǹô˵ģ칫ŵˡ
ƷԸȥ칫һվţ˵ûµʱŪӿãȻⲡá
ǡ
츣ǵĿ۰ƣСôãҪôˣ᲻á
ԭ̫ϻȥʱҪȥӦ̫ϻһŶӵĺȵڣʮˡ
񷴶ǲˣ᲻Сӡ
ûˣĽݣôˣ
Ľûסһ£ˣϴûﳱʪҲǺӦСͲá
ҵģﲻʺ㣬֪ġ
ûӣ˼Ľ¡
ĽǰǸˣϰ˱ļֻأƸʱҲȥϱһЩˮೱʪĵطȥˮصʱкġ
ԻӦǺֵģܵԵ֧䣬Բϲطų⡣
ĽǰͲϲʪӦ
Ľݿ϶ЦݣЦѩ׵ǰһ˵ЦݣԵùŮߵġ
ȴΪȻ·Ƶġ
һŵۺ֣ом飬ʶһˡ
ӵ˵ָƣ˺ܴܸɣĽӰˣӼͿʼˣûжģҲͬûӴƣô£
ѵǴϣˣ
(δ)

߰ʮ ²֪

Ľ£ϢЩһ˿ʮˣ̫ˣ
ưסĽݵ΢΢üܲҪô죬ǲҪһУ
ĽݵͷһЦüȥƣ룬ҵͣʲô취
ɡ˾ͻȥˡ
ĽһҲЦĸˣҪˣǵ㲻ɡ
ûĽݣ˵廹ûãҪ㻹Щˮз纮ﳱʪҪһֱĻʱˣ׷졣
ҩôĽǳԹˣ̫ˣǴСҩĻ춼Ǹ漣
ȸĽݿҩĽݵȥץƵ֣ƵɫһĿϬ
ĽЦ£ջȥ
֪֪زĽЦ̧ͷĽݡ
סôƲԿ䣬Ľ֮ϡ
Ľˣǰӵļ䣬ͱɱˡ
ĽݳƬ̣˫۴˴̧ƣҲʲô³ס
㿴֡
ƳĽݵֿȥĽҲ֣֣һƬĽݵɫһĨͳ㻹ôļƣƵͷˣƤˣ
Ƶ䣺ǺѣѶɡ
δأȻжţҪԸҲǺѵ飬ֻҪɱ㣬ǾͿ뿪
ԣҲδؾܸȥҿȥάռ䡣ЯϵͳǿԸıȥĺߵģֻҪŬȥ롣
Ȼ᲻֪ȥ򣬵ܱܲĽݡ
Ƽһɢ˭á
Ľݵݱ䣺ң
㿴ҸҲңǵǴεôһȥߣҲԸ⣬ǿ뿪û취뿪ôˣƼǵãӲȥʱų
ˣԸʮ˵˲ҪǲĽݱɡ
ͳˣ͵Ҫȡġ
ĽǰǵģûʱһҪȥĽǼá
ĽݵɫѩףĲű߼ʡ
Щ⣬˵ʲô
ƿҩ΢΢üƿĽݵӣĽݰɫֱкɫҩƵɫ˱䣺ô£
ĽݰҪÿưס㻹в˼ʱ򣿡
ôǲ˼ûҪͣҲšĽݰַ£ƾòԡ
ʪ㲻Ӧҩҩ̫ã˹ʣ
Ľݱ˵кݺݵĿһ۰ƣôΪʲôȥң֪ҵ㼸ʮ꣬ʮ꣡
ĽŭڣŰƺŵΧҶ
Խúˣ˺档
ҿˡ
Ļ̌ͷ£Ц
˴Ҵ̫ŮȻʵã˵Ļһ
ĽһȥҪŵˡ
ת˹ȥĺ棬Ľݿʼ½Ƶûòףվһ߿
·һ棬ˡ
Ľʣ㣬üͷôأ
أõʱûС
Ľݵͷ
޷Ӱƿ˫۾嶼ˣǶûһˣ˵Ľݵɳˡ
ȴûʲôĽϵҩĽݱ۾ѵ̺ᣬü
ĽȫҩָѹˣֲûС
ĵطƤˣѪ棬ҩʹĽ̲סʱͻץ
ƿ˭ҽô㿪ҩԣ
岻ãСԣûһҩǲģ˾ˡ
ĽƮƮĻش𣬰һãô㣡
תƾҪȥĽݴһѱסߣ
ƾһߣÿû·Ľ˫§סƣ
еתĹϵ
ðɣģĻʼϼ׵ģֻûּӵĶѡ
ƣĺ㣬֪ûкúϧŸҪףҵŮˣֻǻûļʲô
ɷҪҾͲˡ
ĽǰƵأ㼸λȥΪ˿ңģҪûͶŮȺˡ
ĽݡŭˣĽѰתȥӵǣ͵ˡ
ѵһҲ˵ϡ
תһĽݵȣֲ̧˲
ۺ˶ˣڿϵĽݣ²֪
ȥһߣţݺݵĶĽݣ۵ģĪҪɱӣ
(δ)

߰ʮ 

һԸ׼ԡͰˮҽ
ǡ
Ӧˣܿ춫׼ҽˣƿҩҪҽȥ׼
ˮպãƽ˰ĽݷŵԡͰ棬Ľ棬ȫ˿ҡ
ҩŵˮﰲĽҲ۾ˡ
Ľݿһ壺治ҪңҵĿӡ
ӣūѵģǼС̫Žȥġ츣˵
Ľɫ䣺˵ܵưˣ
ܣūŶˣˣȥ
츣ȥһߣĽʣκ𣿡
԰ɡβʱɫﻹвҩŵˮĽһ°ƣưÿȥһ£Ը˱ˮˣҪϵİˮȥ
֮һֱڻˮ˰ҪͰ壬Ҳţ塣
Ľʱȥһ£ȫˣ˿֮ǰˡ
һоȣɡ
һĽվ˲ת˹ȥ
ⰲһ䵽϶ĽԡۣϴԡͰһĽݣ治Ҫ
ҪʲôҾ͹ҪˣҪ㲻ҪҵģкҲУ͹ƽˡĽݳЬߵƶȥˡ
Ĳ֪˵ʲôĽݷ·ɽһƽơ
죡߳ŭɫ
Ľݱ֣ûôڿԳҩˣ
滹ڰҩ
Ըˣҩ˹Ľȥ£ҩ˴ˮһ˹˵ĺȥ
˵ȥ·ɡ
һҪԲ˶ˡ
ĽԸ˰·ȥ·֮оˬˣʹĿѾܾˣ޷⣬׻
Ľݽմļۣɫɫ䣬ͷҲŽɫĹӣ˳ϻеҩ㣬ŮǿĶˡ
ĥŹ飬ʱˣҲ֪ʲôʱٲˡ
ҲЩˣ׼̾Ϣ
Ľߣ첻ӦǱסˡ
ȥĽݣô֪
ô֪uҹңϣҾܾˣ֪ʲôط֡
㲻ظЩȥϢҪϢˣ߰ɡ
˴ţ츣Ѵ᣸£ȥۺĽ뿪
ȥһ
뿪Ǭ۲ſĽݣ˭
ʾ˭ĽʵҪˣϾ׽ˣȻǸӣȴ֪ѡ
üӦҶӣϵһ˿һҶ˽⡣
ĽݵͷûдǸʵĶӣֻһ
˵ɣҿ㡣
ͷңĶӣҲǳģĶɣǾǺ֡
Ľ˵ʣʵǰļ䡣
΢΢üǰ
ţǰһ磬ĳʱƾʶˣġ
˵Ͷ̥ҶӵģȻҰƵģ
۾ⶼ޻̸֮ӣ˽ģ˵ѡ
ôֱͶ̥ȥǲǽˮ¥̨
Ľ˵׼˵ģĶ£û뵽˸£ȴ⣬ᣬʮ֮ǰһм䶼ǷģûлȥңȻʮͻȥˣ׼һЩ£ҲһЩ¡
֪֪˭
֪ʱҳʱ򣬸ʻǻӣһжδֻ֪һҪû뵽¡
㻹ʵҵĶӣҿԲܣǼڣҲϣʵۣҪһе£Ů˵ǷȱģҲͲᱻѹסˡ
֪ҲҪĻʵۣΪҪѴѹڽ²УлܹõƣֻǶϣܳ꣬Ըǵ̫ӣֻȥ׷ơ
㵹ǻ˵û˵岻УҪˣ׼ǻˣȻа취ʵۡ
ʣϲʵۣǶΪ˸ʣֻжá
ڵĻãֻŬ֪Ŭʲô̶ȣǷԳԽʡ
Զϣʺúñ壬ʮ꣬Թ̩񰲣Ϊȡᡣ
ʰҵʱδذùȥ
ֻҪڣһа취
ô϶
š
ӶӣЦˣһֱΪļʵۣû뵽㲢ϡ
ǲϡиڣرסӣᣬȻúЩʱ򡣡
㵹ǳʵתȥĽҲ˹ȥ
(δ)

ٰ߰ʮ 

Ƶ˱ˣ·׼š
츣æСӣҪȥ
ҳȥү
ɣΣհҪǳȥˣʲô飬ūôʽ츣ˣŰƲð뿪
Ҳ˭סġ
칫֪ΪҺãҲģҲ¡
Сӣһˣ
ҴˣңİɣʼȻ£ǲĵģҲõҡ
뿪츣ĵסֻòȥҪæ
뿪Ǭ˵ţƼæǰ
˵ǸСŮʲôû˵žߡ
СŮᳵ·ĴŰƳȥһǶԹĵʮϤ
뿪ʹƿתͷҲػȥĹŮתǰֱȥǱߡ
ʽӣȥ굽ѱķٷ¡
ŻָĲˣҲԽˣǸƤˡ
ƻæϥ£μ
ﱾӵ˵ô£
ȥһ£˵𻰣үߵʱһЩˣҲûмǽӵϢ˷˹u͵λãѾȷү⣬˵Ҫǳ˵үҪǲɾǸ壬Ҫ壬˵ǵмϸү˵ҪûͻҪڴ˵ϸ
ʲôʱˣȥϸҪȥģ˵ʲôطȥ
Ʋϸ飬ϸȻлʰ֮ǹ塣
һûˣ˻Ū飬ˡ
ס˵ֻôӦ
򲻺ãһЩطɽˣڲԶɽһƬĵأǷֹټ
˵ʵ
ȥƹ´
ģҪʲô£û취ү
Ҫǳ£һû취ǽءû˵ˣ˵гʽȥɽǱߵĻĵء
ľïʢĵطֲȱˮʱΣҲ͸
ƱŷٴΧһۣطĿԣֱһͷ
ôĵطuʲôȻʣѾһ
uҪ壬ġ
Ҳ֪Ҹ˵ͬ⣬Ҫ
ôƿۻҵү
ǡ
ΧκΧĵط̫û취ҵ
ҲûڵϷʲô
Ṧã뿪ơ
죬ƵȲˣССгȥҡ
Сںɰһ£Ͽʼֳӣܿʧˡ
СڴӺɰſںɰſš
Ȼ棬Ҳ֪ƿԺ͹ƳԻ
ƵһᣬС͵Ľл˳С˵ķȥңȴҵȥһб£ףïܵӲݣ²ȥҲʲôȥ˵ĳӻҲ˵ֻǵϢûˣҲȷǲ档
ҪȥסȥȥˣˣҲȷǲ棬Ҫǲô죿ʱ鷳ľǣǸ壬ǾͶҼˡ
һȥһģҪѰһߡ
ҲȥǴҿԶԸǡš
ԥ
ģֻҪ¾ˣ¿ǣҪǳ֣ҿ԰ȡ׼㻹ô
ƿºڣˡ
ת뿪˰Ƶ˰ʱȥĲݴȥ

屻˰ΧֻĸˣǱƵطѾһˣuΪҪɱ壬ٶˣַѾ۵ĹЩ֧Ųסˡ
ҲǿѵȺǡ
ĸ˶첻ˣѪ
үߣȥǵšӥһ˵θ𱣻ŵˣûвмƣǻȥҲѴ̣Ҳ
忴һ۷ӥֱۣһӥסȸӥֹѪ
ӥŹΣ꣬һֱĹֻмƣϵˣȥ֪ôµľǹ岻
Ǵʱ
үǼܡ忴һļʮˣϢ˳һϳ壬ǿ϶ץңǼȥһһһүа취
үⲻС
ĸ˶ͬ⣬ԷɱӥѾУֱŷӥתһ˱ץһѷӥֱȥ漴ʼɱ䡣
(δ)

ٰ߰ʮһ 

գۣʮȫѾѪɺӣӥסۿҪҲˣ˾Ͳүˡ
̧ͷȥۿӥҪ£ҪȥuͰ˰֣ʮǰѹסӥͷĿŹ壺үӥˡ
ӥ
ȥҪˣ̫࣬ȻɱҲҪɱһᡣ
ӥҧתȥһֱ۷ˣҲԲôˣ֮ǰҪɱС
ʮ˻ŽѷӥΧסҪѷӥ࣬ʱһ
ʮ˱ʲôУϺɨȥһƬ
uһ£濴ȥƱŷվСѾȥˣҲ
üͷһ£ѷٺǰŪ˼£ÿһβŪһɱɨȥЩ̾ͻᵹڵϡ
һϡƵʱ򣬹uҹζ࣬ɱˣȴѾЩ˵ϣÿ˶ʹʼڵҴܣǱ߿ٻɱǰļʮ˺ܿ쵹Ѫ
ٵӥǰŷӥӥ򵹵ҡҡͷһѪүһزȥˣ߰ɡ
ӥ˵žҪ£ƿٵǰһҩȸӥͽȥסӥɨ衣
ˣˣֱ۵ĵжֱǷˡʵʵ˵
ʣа취ô
УһȥҸҩһ˵ҩ£۷ֱ
ưŵһóһܷƿӣ򿪺ðһѪˡ
ӥûƣΪǺһˣֱ֮ӺˣѪ˷ӥ۷̸ֱоʲôٵоˣôˡ
ɫֱű
үģȥͣǷųġѾҵķˣֻ̫٣Чûôá
˿
ӥϢƿˣҲ̶ͬȵˣ
ſuǱߣuʹߣҲûаժǰˡ
վһűӣŭŰƣôʲôطǸӣ˶࣬Ը壬ҶԸһɱǣȥԸʣµˣƣлġ
˵ʱ۵׾Ǻݶ
ҲãȥԸƣԸ壬˰հ˵ģȥԸˣȥɡ
һ£ҷֳ飬׼ơ
忴۰ƣȥҹu͡
ƽӥ󣬿۷ӥţ˻ȥңҲŹ㣬ڱҪԼԼõ
Ʊɢ֮ķӥЩ㶣ӥҲ벻ǰ˵
Ȼ㿴ǿЦ
ӥɫһ仯˵Ǹ
û˭˵ģ
ӥϸƣ֣үΪλϲһŮӣ
⣡
ѵֻΪ˳
ŮӺ࣬ǰȻҲҲˡ
ӥΪү֪ɵ̾Ϣһ˵үǱӵֵģҪҪŰүŪ֡
ˣˣүҲޡ
ƿӥӣһš
ӥ£ҲһŭȻģǸޣ
ɱһӳŰƴ˹ȥƶ㿪һӺĳ򣬵ϵķӥûͳŷӥ˹ȥһһɱűɨȥӶˡ
ϵıӣ߳ŭı͵ġ
ƣûҡ˵곯Ű˹ȥóѵ
ƻ汻ŵˣɴ۾ȥۿĵҪɱƵϣһɱ˵ˣٺˣ䵽˫飬ĵصϡ
˫ֱ٣ĿƮƮĿȥ۵׵ȴǵһޱȡ
ӥһ£
û뵽򲻹ƣתŷӥ˹ȥǴĴץˣɱ˰ƾͼˡ
ӥˣưˣûҪȴˡ
ƣץӥҪȥѾһѵӷŵӥĲϣӥûǱߣû÷ӥĴַӥ
üͷ壬ôȷӥ
ƣӹĵӥһЩѪʼû
ǰư˵ϣûеҲûӣǳŰ񿿽
ҲˣҪɱңɱҰɡ˫̧׼ӡ
ӥɴ۾ֱͲţƻΪ
(δ)

ٰ߰ʮ ӥ

ЦΪҸžɱôǲ㿴ǲɱ㡣
һֻóӣŰȥֻȴƽӥĲӣɫ˵ӣʱоȫܶҲ۵˵ӡ
ͷϣ굽棬Ѫð
ơ㣬㡭˵˵ڵϣ˫۾ŭŰƣȥ۾
۾ҲӳԵˡ
ӥǰĻŵſڵŻ¡
۱ģһ˻
תƳǰȥٿ͹һˣϸ;ô˲ǹu͡
֣uûΪʲôôأ
Ů˵֪ģȥǾ첻ģԴطÿŮ˵ĹĶǣѧ˲ٶģź;һϲ֮飬Ҳź;һļ֮飬ЩǶŹu͵ġ
uͺͰʵǲֿģÿμٵĹuˣ񶼻ᱻߣΰûѣҲΪĳ䲻⣬û뵽ڳӵ
Ʊٿһ۵ϰ·ѾӳԸɾˣʣµֻаѪܵ·
ƲŹuͺ޸о϶ü
ٰΧ۲죬ҽгҲȥҡ
ӷСӳȥ׸˷֣ܿ찲ƾʶˣu;ڸ
תƿȥѾվһѳץ˹̣ںu͵ĿuͺȻʶʲôᲦŪķ٣uϵߴмֱѿˣuͺȻһ߶㿪ˣһѪۡ
Ц£ڻô
uƣһŲڷӥؿڣ˵أ
һ£ͷӥӥ˫ֱסu͵ĽţҪѹuͰῪuӥ᲻ۣҲѪ
ƻɿ֣߰ɡ
Ʋܷܲӥ
ụؿڵĺɰ¡
Ƶͷһۣӵһߡ
Ҳӵ
ưٷŵϡ
uʹһҩӥҩڼӥ³ֻһɢˡ
ⲻǹƳ棬ҲǶҩһ˴︯ãʴרԸġ
֪нⶾı£Ҳ˲ٺôҪԸ壬ȻҪȶԸ㣬ǶԸľɱҽ첻ɱ㣬ҲҪߣǲߣ͵
ҷӥ㣬Ҳӥһ첻µز£ʲôµӡ
ƴ㵹ǲ£ҸҲô
ƿŹuͣôҸߣô£
أ
ҲĻ׳棬Ҫʲôô֪ҪҸʲô㲻ҪҪЮô
㵱ţأuͿһ۹ǱߣЦ߰ɡ
תuȥƿһ۹Ǳߣ˵ʲôϷӥƺһæȥסӥ飬ɨ裬ַӥθʴٶȺܿ죬׿϶ˡ
uͣǲܿƣƳŹuͺѾˡ
Թ忴ƣǰ̵סˣĿĴﵽŶѾתĹu͡
uЦ֪ҪߣΪôΪڹûаô
㲻ںˣǸ츣أ
û뵽uͻ֪ôֻܸ࣬ˡ
ȾƷŷӥuһҩƣƽסţӥԣӥԣŭӰơ
ӥ鸴ӣƲΪuߡ
ɫûϢҸ߶Ϊ㣬ҪˣȥұˣŹ㡣
ӥȻôᱻݣҲܡ
İɣǲ㲻ܣȻŪˣưѷӥ󿪣ҩӥӥĲϳԣ̧ϥǶһ·ӥĶӣӥſҩ裬ӥ۵ĶŤˣ̧ͷͿƣҪɱ
һԹu˵ˡ
תuͳһߵСȥһЩжİ׷ۣɫҪɱҵĳӣ
һƬɫ綹ĳӷܿ춼ˡ
ǻȥҪš۵ˣŭתĹu͡
㲻ҲһжҵģҪҡuͳһȥƷŷӥȥӥߣֱˡ
һǱҩĥģΪôͱˣŻܱҡ
ӥЦܱ㣿
һκ㣬ġֻҪʱ䣬ӥû¡
(δ)

ٰ߰ʮ Ȱ˵

ӥǿŰɽuֻһˣ֮ذϵĶ֮ˣŷ֣uͻƶͷӥûΪжӥϳҩ
˲ŹuͣƱ˵Ҳã͵Ǹүˡ
ţ˺үģ¾ĵطɢǿĶۣ̫ˣ
ӥʱҲ쵽ˣֻǿһ۰ƣͲ˵ˡ
˸Źu͵ɽ»ûȵ
ɽһͷһЩˣмƥ
и˿u˹أ
uʹʱˣ޻ͿĨҩ۸uʹ
ˣu͵ƽƿĳﲻ
ʲôʻɫһ±ˣܱʹ
ô£ôһ׹ǰ˺ͰĹϵѰ
uͻͷƣ۵׵ĮȻɼ׹uʲô˼
ǹ度ġƲȹu˵ʲôȿڡ
uͺͷӥ𾪣û뵽ƻᵹһңֱƸ塣
ӥ˵ʲôίѵϣôȻҹմ˳͸֪ûлͷ·ˣ˵ҲǾͳˣںˣҶˣҪҪ
˵ʲôӥһҪƵӣȻ£˵޾Ϳޡ
ҪҸ㣬ҰѺӶˣҲ͹˹ϵңΪ˻Ҫǲǣɱˣ̰߬۵飬һȥ߹壬ˣ
˵ӥ죬ȴ˵ȻĶżˡ
uͺЦõôҲã棬㡣
uת˵ǹӣȻڹɱ˹ӣǸ񱨳ˡ
ԷѾȫˣ޲ðѰƴҡ
ڵӪҪŲС
ɱ㣡ԷŰƴ̶ڷӥˣӥҲЩ⡣
˵ȻǹһҲãҸ˳ħƣҪҪɱһ԰æ
ԷͣĶŰƣ˵Ǻ϶ɱġ
u͵̣ϸӰƣֲڵһҲùȥ
˵깬uЦŮˣǸ˸һƥ
ЦͷŹuͣΥתƣһץסӵϣӥЦ¶׼ı飺ȥ
ӥʹ°ƲܣߵƵߣӥȥưָӥӥסƵȥ
ϣӥƣһ·ӥֱۣӥײڰƵıϣƿuͣ߰ɡ
Цһ££ǰڷʩЦӣҪȥƣuתѾȥ˫һµƥѾˣЦ󣬰ƴŷӥܲˣȥ˹u͵ߣ˹u߲ͣ
u´ߣһ·ȥЦ˰ƵߣҪǰˣûм
һ·뿪Ҳûͷӥһ̣Ů˲ʺүǡ
ӥһǰˣŮܲףȥҲûˡ
ƵǺܵѾûôˣơ
ôҪˣʲô
ֻ֪㵽Ҫĵʲô
uһĨЦתǰҲҪʲôҴҪҸ׵ͼҵǲƽҪΪԼȡһϯ֮ء
ʵûʲôط׷ģ㣬Ը뿪һɾԼҵȻ˵ĻЩ̣ڣҲûʲô壬ܱС¯ЩѾ࣬ҪռԼһңȻأԼҲùأҪű
뻢ıƤվǰ취
ҪʹҪһıûбô
㸸ΪʲôҪ۾أ
˵ĵȻʵƫ̻ʣڵĴһô
õ˵λΣҪٳô
ûǮûʳ涼Ĺҡ
治֪ҪʲôڵĲ
Ĺܶ󣬻ȥҲֻǻʹһ磬ĿڣҪҪȥȥЧˣĽҪʲôУҲصĴĺˮǴĻʵ۲У
(δ)

ٰ߰ʮ Ű

uͺЦȻǳ֮ҼҪɱ㣬㶼ߣûԭү㡣
ƺЦ㻹ǲȰԸⱣʵүҪɱ㣬ǲȥģҪȥǻɣѾĲˣЩһĲֵô
Ƕˣô
ûһ̸ô
Ҫ˵ˣ
uͿǰ棬˾仹жãǰ˸жã֮u;Ͳ˵ˡ
ӥԽҲûʱȥṬuͣóҩӥԣӥҩͿʼ˯ıϡ
һֱһʱƸŹuͲߵٵϣʼУǱǹĵ̡
죬ڵǹĹؿڣŹuͣ˳ţϽȥ
ǰ֪Ҳǹģǹǿ󣬵¶վǲá
ǹuͱһƤߣ任һǹԼլӣԼ̣չ˺ܶ
ڳһƫƧĵطuͻγͲ԰u;ס
ҲǱߡ
ƷӥѾжˣֻ廹Щʹʱʱʹ
ʹÿһƶҪȥҹuֻͣйu͸˽ҩܻ⡣
ÿιuͶΪѰƣⱩɹ꣬ôһͳ˵ϲˡ
ӥûи߰ƣһŲƿȥס֣ɨֲԣƾȥҹuͣӥס
ȥˣȥпܻزӥ˵⼸ˣ֮˶Ϊûү
ȥ֮ǰһоͶ׷ˣ㲻ûʲôǴ򣬾˾ǱְƿӥתߣӥںôУҲء
Ƴźܿu͵⣬Ц뿪ѵ˳Դ֪ǹӿʼͺɱ˰ƣζ롣
ˣҲˣҪΪ˸񱨳Ҳˡ
֪ЦҪɱҪܰɱˣЦ͵ˣҲȵڡ
Ц׼ߵƵߣ洫u͵
Цһ£˹ȥ
ƿƶЦҧˡ
uſһЩĿƽžſվţδԥڣȡҩģҪң˵ɡ
²ˣһˣҩͻȥſڵ㡣uͰҩӸƣߡ
ҩȥӥͻȥӥҪչ˺Լתˡ
ӥģ׼ţƺǳ⣺ңǾ뿪뺦Ҿ͸ţԼչ˵Լ
ӥûиţŰȥҹuͣuϣʽǰЦưЦҪ֣Ʋ꣬Ц뵽˰ҪܰɵͲǰˣЦ͸࣬е㱿Ǳʡ
ߵǰɱң취ɱңڸһҾҪɱңûᡣ
㲻װԭˣţȵӲɱҡ
Ц죺
ôһ㶼ˣԲȥᰢЦȥţu̧ͷơ
泳ǲÿ춼ҪԹ
ƺЦǲϲôҲû취Ҹߡ
ô
uͺЦ£￴棬Ҳ˵λε뿪һȥ⡣
˳ǰƲʣҪȥ
ȥ˾֪ˡ
úͣ£ƸŹuʹˣ˴˼ӣӿźܳأڹϡ
uͿӣԷ˵˼ȥӣ˴һ۰ƣȥ͹u˵uʹӣĶ׼ȥӣԷһһѵ׼ѹuͿ
һ룬Էһ£ĵ䵽ϡ
uתһ˿¶̺ˣΧˡ
uͿ۰ƣת￴ȥһЩ󣬹uҪ׼ոܵˣȥˤһߡ
Цƺ깬uѾѹ±ˡ
Χ˶󣬴ʱЩ׼ǵġ
ģɱǶһҲǸʲôģ
еŭ𣬰ƴӵuҲ˿Χˡ
ǲعأȻɱңҪˣuʵʱƽǼˣǰɽҲӡ
ɱˣЩȥˣһӡһӵ˹Цɫġ
СͦƯǣߡ
uһЦҪҲأ
ҪǲҾͰԴѡԷЦƿԷЦ
ЦʲôԷ⡣
ûЦ㿴Цˣƹ֪
Цˡ
ƿuͣʱ乻ô
Ҳ⣬Цô֪
ү˵Χʱȴиطзɢˣ뿪ɢΧ񶼷ˣ˵ڰôʡ
ȥվǸ鷳Ҵʱɱ㣬㻹߰ɡu˵ſΧֻӳ£Щһ󾪻ţˡ
(δ)

ٰ߰ʮ ǿӶ

˺ܿȫץסˣЩ˵ߣﻹӣȫߡ
uûи뿪ðЦ뿪ЩǱߡ
ƺ͹u£֣㲻£
uûӦܿһˡ
Էʮ£ѾõƤuͣuͶվӴã֪ҲҪƤ֮ոһ·͹u͡
ȥﻻϣҪԶu˵꿪ʼ£ȥﻻ·ȥҹu͡
ոյ˰Ѱƺ͹u͵·ߣu˵ϵĵһһѵһ뿪
·ϹuͿϵĳ޺Ͳ̤Ĵƺ·ȥոЩ˵ѵ㡣
˴ӣһɽ£ǱһƲ۵ĴׯuʹŰڴׯǱפƬ̣ȷʲôλһȥ
ɱڣҪͼֽƸʡ
uͿƣһЦôѵô
ɱڣҲҪͼֽߡֱԲ䡣
uһЦ̫ܹǲã̫ˡ
uת۲һ£ңҽȥ
Ҹȥҿ԰㣬廹ԡƾһʵܲȫŹu͡
߰ɡuֻһЦתߡ
һ˼ҵſڣҿȥͲͨ˼ңׯﶼǸԣһˡ
ſڻʯӣǺɫġ
кֵuҪȥһס
uתƣ˵ΪãԵõǵļ˫մѪǸô
uͷʣɱˣɱ˻ô
٣ɱ˶࣬Ҳֹ㣬˴ˣǣһҲ㡣
ҲҪ˷ңб´ңô֪Ҳǻˣu˵ȥתȥ˱𴦡
uȥƲṦתŰѰƴѾ֪١
uͻͷԺ棬սȥͱ˰Χ˰ѺŪˣӺ壬иŮ˰Ѻӵ۾סˣӲǰѺӴˡ
ԺмʮˣΪ׵Ǹͷ׵ˡ
˴uͣ㲻Ҽ϶˭
ҽҪͼģңˡu˵
˱֪ѾˣⱯ
ͺӺŮߣ¶Ըܷʲô¶Ҫͷߣ
˽ȥߵٴУת˿ٵˣu͵Ȼ޲עͷʣͼֽңҲɱǡ
㲻ɱǣȴǵĴУɱӣвĳԹô㡣
ͷ˰֣Χ˴óΧһȦ׼֣uͿһۣȥΧ뷢ƾһѵͽסΧ˾㵣֮ʹuѾߵͷǰһͷһֱֶۣβ
ͷҽź˼ˤ
uͻӵ䵽ͷϣ
ҲûУǿߣ˭ҪҪ𣬲Ҫ𡭡
ȥŹu͵ŭţϵһ죬Ȼģתˡ
˹һɱͷ߿ͷȥˣԺѾȥ¥գҲûͼ
uʹԺĵطѾˣӶûˡ
ƴһطu˵
u͵ĵϻѪ֪uɱˣô뿪ѵأոһ˺ѷεĺУ˵֪ôһ죬Ѿʱ׼ˡ
uûɱˡ
uŵȥҰƣ䵽ƵĲϣɱ㣬ʹ
ƲΪʣô֪ʹ
ȴҪ
㲻в᲻Ѵ㡣ƳŪһ£u͵ɫһڰƵĲѹһ£ֻ̧ƿu͵ĵӡ
ȻΪȴǵˣԳΪѣҲ㣬͹ʵһˣĻµˣ岻Ϊҵ߸㲻Ϊ˵߸ˣŵΣͻ㻹˵ĺø硣
˼һվûô
uվڶɫ䣺ô
uʲô˵ȥѾȥЩᡣ
ƿƹuʣҪȥ
Ʋ˵Ŵӵĺɽȥһһ˵ҲΪɽǵǸҪģɽ϶жߵżȻʲôȥңҵʲô
Ǿã׷Щ˻Ҫɱˣҵķʡ
(δ)

ٰ߰ʮ Ĳ

u᲻Ƶ˼ȥ·˵ǿߣδҲǣҲͼֽһȥɱǡ
вƵǺܴݣֻҪǰɱνġ
ţuһ⡣
˵Ѫ

uͺȻãŮ˺˼
˵һ԰㣬ҿ㣬ҪǺúñ֣ҿ԰㵱ͽܡ
㣿uͺЦƲһֱɽߡ
ߵĲܿɽ
ɽһɽ··Ǻܿģкܶ೵޵ĺۼʱ˵ɽĳǿճ޶ǳɽĳͺأ޶˵ɽʱ򣬳ʲôûУɽʱ򣬳кصĶܾ󣬻仰˵Ǹ󡣡
۲uͿɽϣһ·ɽûߵطѾˡ
ɽûʲôԵĶȥһЩҰӣuץһߣԭҲǳԲȥԿŹuԼԡ
ϢһᣬҹŻɽ
˴ϲҵ
Ϣϣȥ飬uͽȥǼ
ż棬uͷźŵֻҪҵ
ҵʲôˣЩˣסҵһЩѾջˡ
uһߣֵĿŰƣأ
ɽ涼ɡһһ˵u͵ĿʼտŰơ
ԶҲòꡣ
δأô󣬿ĻֻҪˣͿƷԷҪȱӵǿУطǹĵطվĵطҪߣԱȻҪС
һŮ˿ϧˣ
ϧжӣҶǽضɴ򡣡ƵȻ¿Ż
Ұ԰ƶԺܼ򵥡
uʣ°ңԸô
ҪɱɷҲ£οҼԸ£Ҳͬ⣬Ҫɱ㣬ץɱ㡣
Ҳץҡ
uƶȴЦˡ
Цʲô
˵ץ㣬ɼǴ򲻹ģҲģΪʼգ׷㣬㵽ܡ
ֻ޷ñ⣬㵱ãǱô
㲻°ɡ
ƲṬu˵ģԱ˵
˵u;һ߷˳ԷuͶ׷۰ƣ㻹
ҲˡǺΣΪʲôͲѵͲˣѵ󽫾ŮͲˣ
u͵ͷ׷һڣŵľ׽ȹ廹ÿǺлʼҵķ緶ֻǿϧʱˡ
ѾûԹˡuһԳ
Ը⣬ʦҵǿԸÿͷ㵽ȥҲﲻϳԺȡ
ͬ⣿
uͺЦŮֵĺܡ
˵㡣ƾ仰ûʲôȨڼ˵㣬ڹŴѵһ
ŮطŮһ̧ͷġ
uһЦ˵°ɣ˵ҵķ
˷㣬԰ɡ
˾֪ѣƳԱȥǱߣuҲȥ
˵˵طָΧģߺһЩߣӵһʼ⣬һͷβûһطǶϿյġ
uʣô֪ģ
֪ıĻҪţЩʵԭʼ㹻ˣһĲֱܷ棬֪һֽʣҸ㻭עϣҪע⵽ģóʱһΣﲻָܸ
uЩţһŮӣ˵Ĳʶ
Ҳʶһ£
бӣ㻭ɡuͰֽʽƣȥʼղ軭滹עһЩҪעĵط¶ȡ
uţƣΪʲôҪЩңҿɱ㣬ȥ
㲻ˣǸˣ㵽죬ߵ˶һĸ㣬ǹҲδõ
ô˵ҲĴվǴ󻼡
δض㲻Ҳɱ㣬ֻҪǹҪɱ㣬κҪɱ㣬Ҷ
ΪΣ
ȻйҪǴ£һǣأնɱҪˣ˸÷ķ䣬µ£Ͼɱ
ǣĥ
ȻдĲԡ
Ǳѹȣھֵطᱻο
ѹֵľˣŹ֣
uͺȻԶˡ
(δ)

ٰ߰ʮ 

Ĭһᣬ˵úûţǺˣ𱻳޳ͷԣ
ޣuԳһЦȻ뿴Ƶץһ£һãȻ˼ϵƤѾ˺ȥ
ƺһ̧ͷuͣҲϵƤ˺
Ƶüͷ£Լᡣ
uʹƣ˵ңô
㣿һ֡
˶Ѿˣպ󼴱ٻҲңҵ׻ǸʲôˣȻ˶˭ҲνˣҿԸǿʺļӣպߣҶᵱԼĺӣûкӣǼӹٽأȻǿϣҲᴫλǡ
ƺЦһȺˣѵһѷıΪǴ£ˣδ㣬㣬ҲǿʺҲĽӰˡ
ٲңҲݲǡ
վһ죬߹룬¾ˡ
һɱңᱨҡ
֤أuͺࡣ
ԽЦı֤޷ԼȴǱˣʱɱҲΣοʱ³֮ǻɱ㣡
ΪΣ
Ϊǵ˼벻һ㻹ǵôǵôγأ
һûþͻ
ԣֻΪԣΪֱһıǾȥ
һŵĲֵ
Ұ㣬ǿ˻ã
ҵĺӲᱳףҲ׷ӣȻãվɷҲ뿪Ī˵һʺǸһңҲϡ
uͺЦδأҲһı⣬Ϊ㲻ӦҾͻɱ㡣
üô
uһʱ
Ŀ죬ʱѾɽ£ƻͷȥ
uͿͼֽ
ƿȥЦ£֮һдˣ㼴㲻ǿҲ֪ô
㲻˵uû̧ͷˡ
˺ܿ쵽ߣuͣ˷׷׵ϥ¹򣺡²μ졣
ţɣĽ춼½ṹߵĺܴæ׼һ£ɽȥҹҪһԣЩʳҪסһʱ䣬ɽµĴס£Ҫκˣ˵ӣԲҪ
ǡ
׼뿪˵ǰѷӥаЦ
u֣Цˣ컹Ҫɣ
ҵ飬ͲùˣЦΪ˺еɵҪǰҲôңи˰ģһƴɵĺףиãҶڲɱô
үġ
ʵ˵иֵϷЩжԵĴ
Ҳڲ
ȥɣ
uͷԸˣӦ׼뿪ֱƽס˻uԵòͷŮ˺鷳
Щҩдǡֽд˸ҩҩЩ˲뿪
֮ǵˣƸuȥܷʢߵ棬̧ͷʱһ¡
ѻ
uͰѻƣ̧ͷһЩϸһ¡
ﲻܶɳһֱȥ̮Աٽݾĵط
ȥǰ濴һ£Ҳ֪ܿȥˣĿЩˣ˼Ǻţ㿴
ưѻ͵ɳĵطΧһЩɫıǣȻǾʾ˵ġ
uͶ䶯һ£滹ɳɳɳҲˡ
ϳȥ㡣
Ƶĳ£ŹuͿٳȥҲߣu͵ͷűס֣ûüȥͿʼˡ
ˣﲻܽ˶࣬Ҷܳȥ£ߡ˵һ¹uͣǰˣͣ£ӻûء
˶ͣ£ҶˣҲŰɳ
ƿǰˣ˭Ҳҵģ˭ȥ˶
˶uͣʱ˭Ů˵Ļ
u˵ġ
˶Ҫ˵˵˵˵ﲻܴģ𶯣Ҳһ˵ֻһĳȥߡ
˭û˵ͷ
uͿƣߡ
ãߣȥˣǲİ
uͱЦһ£תߣдȥжɡ
ʮҲܶࡣ
u߳Ⱥתƣɡ
ߣһʱû£ֻҪҲܣߣע£Ҫ̫ؾУȥһ֪ġ
uͿ˿Χˣġ
˵ͷuת뿪
(δ)

ٰ߰ʮ ȹѪ

һֱ˰ʱ䣬Сڳƿ˿ڳˣǰ˵ȥע£𾪶κζȥ֮һ֪
ԷתȥһֱţһˣǸ˴룺ھʣˣȷô
߰ɣȥҾͻ֪
ǣδسȥ
ǸҪơ
ƿɳߣ˻µġ
ԷתߣŪ˺ܴĶƿΧɳʼ𶯣ҲʼߣԷѾɽˣҲûã̫ˡ
ߵҲܿ죬±ϾûṦߵĲǸ˿죬ܺҲʼ𶯣ʩչṦܿ쵽棬Ҳǽ׷ᣬ氲Ƴȥuͣܡ
u;ڶڣһʩչṦɫһƴ̷Ըߡ
ȫˣuѸٳ˽ȥѾſڡ
uһסƣסתѸ뿪
uʹŰ뿪ոţɽһ̮ȥ
uһѽưڻסѵʯͷ
һֱȵǰһаƲŻ뿪ԶȥɽѾٶˡ
뿪uͣЦ£ϲ㣬øˣ㿪Ļһ겻ص̮ˣǰƤ㣬󡣡
u͵ַŵ󣬳Űƿû°ɣ
û£ллҡΧһۣǸˣҲû⡣
ʱˣɽµҲѾȥҷӥ
ӥߵĺܿ죬һûƣһûϢߵƵǰ´һû²ŷģǰ̮ɽӥʣʲô
ûʲôסӥˣӥû°Ʋŷġ
ҺͷӥסһǴôסˣˣҪһɿŷӥ
uͿһᰲƣס
Уӥͬ⣬Ŀ䡣
uһЦҲһס
ӥãuЦĺ֣ӥüͷ˫֣ƾòԾסӥ󣬷ӥθֿʼˡ
ֻЭһסͬô
ͬ⣬ֻܸסҪס档uͲЭƿӥ
סڣҲչ㡣Ƹӥʹɫӥŵͷ
ãƸuҪҩ衣
u͸һҩƣƸӥ͵
ӥ겻ˣ۹uͣƣ㲻ܸסһ𡣡
İɣҪǹңҾˡһЦӥֱܹûлģ
ӥһ⣬Ҳ͡
uǱ߰סĵطʼ
ԭסĵطuͲסס
ƺ͹uסһ𣬷ӥסڸڣЦͷӥһ
ƽȥһᣬȥҷӥЦҲڡ
Щͷӥ˵ȳȥƽŷԸЦ˵춼ǰƵĹʹҲû£Ҳźúõġ
Цȥվţȥ棬°˵ˣϣҪһ£ϴϴ
ӥʣˣ
㲻ùңͿţ˽ȥˮײЬˣѿӾһʯͷƤ۵ǰ׵ġ
ӥüô˵
죡
һҺˮϣ涼ѪˮһᶼˣĭҲˣӥվһüͷ塣
ſڰЦʣһȣ
ӥûᣬŰǱߣӣʯͷƤ
ʯͷأϴҲ۵Ĵִ
ӥվſھоƾǲ֪ˡ
ƴϴ꣬˵ҩۣƻûȰӥסˣ˿ڿϣҿѾûˣƤûˣҩҲ䵽ϣƿһ۷ӥɨɨûѿӷ£ȹãѶʰ˷ŵһӥСȵѪųģܶô
ܣӥ֪Ҫóȥ١
Ҳ֪ϢɣȻȥûˡ
ҪߣʰˣҪȥ
ƽˣֱӳȥ
ӥʰˣѰŵ£ƳŻͰЦ˵Цϰƣ찲ƹҲ磬Ҳܷ˾ſ˵һᣬӥҪȥ㣬˻ڳ
ӥƲ뿪
uվһߣʼտŰƣƵȹѪˣû뵽ˡ
ƻһ񣬽Źuʣˮˣ
£ǣΪʲôôʣ
ȹѪ
ҵģ֪˭ġҪ·û·
ûа취·ҵ·棬˴ûУ
հɣϢɣˡ
uȥϢ¾˯
ȥһŴϣҲ۵ҪǾĶǵһ죬Ͼˡ
(δ)

ٰ߰ʮ 񻰵Ů

ƺܿ˯ˣuû˯Ӵ뿪뿪ЦѾ
أ
һߡ
Ц֪˵˭uͿȥ֮ǰǸƵڵ廨š
uߵԷǰΪʲôҵ
ǸŮҪɱ˼ǲеġԷɲϷҪɱ˰ơ
uһЦҪɱ˭ҪʲôģҪңҪҪҰأ
졭
ˣɽϣúõġ
졭㲻ôң㲻ܣΪ㡭
uͱѾתԷתȥ˵ˣǿŮˣΰ
챾ңѵãֵҿ
˯㳳֣˯á
ЦõӰͷˣв
Цһ£˰ѵ
˺вˣѪԲŭ۾Źuͣu˵ô㷢ĸЧңʲô͸ʲôûС
uͻȥЦȥǸˣʱء
uûϢվţЦȥӡ
ǲǾãĲԣ
ǣǡһֻһʱͿ
һʱͿ͸˵ڻҪˣôһʱͿأΪһʱͿɣ
Ц̧ͷãϾǺ⣡
û⣬ĺǱѣҵ뷨ҪŮˡuת񣬰ЦɫƵĻ
ſӥɫ²СûͰƭת
ӥû˵ֻǿ棬зӥ֪ǰǸ˻Ҳ֪
ӥ˯һҹûϢá
ϴ·Ѿ׼ˣƳŹuͳȥ˻ϵ˸طֱӻˡ
緹ȥæu͵ĺܿ죬Ѿλˡ
ƽŷӥӥ磬һֱȵӿƿʼʹ粽ĸŰơ
ƴʱˡ
һָuµ˿ʼƺ͹u͸һȦѾˣԹʼ
֮ҹڳֵһѸ󣬵һ֧ƿƷЦ£ˣ
uһֱţҲ⣬Ǹ˵ġ
ҲˣͲˣϾǸЩ飬ϵɶûС
ȥϢӥ·飬ֻȥ˵ԵģԵ㶫˯
ӥŰƲ˯ƾڷӥסϢֱӥ˯ţƲŻȥϢ
u͸ֶ
uʣӥԺҪΪ˷ӥ˹ĺӣ
ûκˣֻǾò·ӥܣû㲻һġ
ƻȥϢu͸˻ȥ
ƻȥϢȥˡ
ǹuһҹûôϢ
֮죬ɽһֱæµǣu͵˿ʼˮ˺ȻڵϿʼ鴤
Ƽ֪ˮ
ҪʱҩӥҪ֡תȥҩӥһڴư֮ǰ׼һЩҩӵ棬ˮʼơ
ҩ˶˸ˮ˺ȡ
Цصģȫ鴤кڰһȦ
ƸЦҩûá
Ц˫ۿʼףۿҪˡ
uʣô£ô˺˹ãЦã
ΪѣЦĲڿ̫ȸԵҩȱż
Ͽ˱ҩҪǰҩˣ˵ӣֱУӥѹɷĩˮ塣
ЦҩԺһ㣬ϸ˵ѪԣѪж
Ȼжˡ˽ⶾ裬ЦȥЦŽȣ˯һᡣ
uһţȫΧµſڣЩʼҪӥӲ˵Ƿӥ¶
ƿuͣȥɡ
uȥ棬˷ӥƣңǺͰЦҲ飬̫ˣ
Цһ£֪㣬û˵㡣
ӥ⣺Ϊʲô֪ң
һ㲻ˣԶ˲֪¶Ц˵أʱ÷ӥһɫӥ֪ôһ¡
ȴһûԾĵط
ӥĬһᣬ۰ЦǸĹˣЩΪҪ޻ңôΪʲô
һЦߵһߵ£ΪҩˣͿ濿š
ӥͿ߰һŮӣˡ
ƿ棺ǳȥ
˳ȥӥȥ
(δ)

߰پʮ ˼Ǻ

湬uʻ˭˵Цж
ǲµġں溰
ƳָŮƵǲΪȻı졣
ӥվڰߣʱҪƵ̬
u˵ʵ˭˵İЦжҪǲ˵ǾͶȥɣǲ࣬ǲ٣ǶһȺں֮ڣһǷİ
˭Ҳ˵Щġ
һȻ˵ԴŮ֮ͱˣǵˣǳľЩ
ȺкƿȥԷʮ꣬üĿ㣬Ǹӣ۾һǸĻˡ
uͿȥ¡
Է߳վһߺܹ졣
ΪʲôЦ¶uʵֱӣԷһ¡
u͵죬Է֨֨ص˵ûС
ûУô֪ЦжˣҶˮ֪ɣû˵Цж㵽ܻ£Ϊ¶˰Ц޻ӥϣҾͲ鲻ˡ
̫͹ˣЦҵӣҪˣҲôܰݣ
ΪǼ£ԹްЦҪЦ취˼ܶ࣡ϧô˵ط
ԷתܣuͿȥûż׷ֻ׼һ
ᴩ˶Է壬ſڵϣuͿӥﲻԩκһˡ
ӥƣ˵ˣҪЦ
ǻȥɡ
ƲϻȥЪš
ЦѾҹ˯һЩãȻ
ô
uת۰Цжˣ˵飬˼Ǻޣ¶㣡
ЦѾ˯ѵİƣδΣֱӱ۾Цˣȥһ£ȷûˣת뿪
Цһ£۾˵ʲôѾˡ
ӥҪȥڰƲȫ˶Ҫ
տЦuתȥŰƻȥǱ񣬰ƽյ鲻ǺܺãŹ̫ˣⶼ˻ٲҪˡ
صϴϴ֣ϴ̾˿
u濴ˣ
Ĳ£ûʲô˼㲻عңܺԼɣ񶼾Ҷ̻࣬ңǿ϶ģȥܾǵڶЦ
ܺԼɣҵĵطûңҲӡ
Աϣ˵
Ϣһʼ꣬ȥЦ꣬·ˣҲɽϼˣǻڣɽ
Һͷӥɽһˣϴһ¾ͻǿܣȻҪ
Уʱκ˲ɽο㻹Ҫβٶˣÿ춼뿪˴˭ǣ
uͺ˿ڲ裬ˡ
ȻˣǾˡҲִлɽġ
˵갲ƾȥǱл𣬰ƾվڻ̿ڵĵطû̿Ȱ·濾ɡ
ӥڰƵߣһˬһӥһͷʪվΪ
ҲǲУߵĻҲãܿͣˡ
˶Ű֣뿪ƾͿʼˡ
ãƫƫ˿ˮ
ӥʣ㲻ȥ
վһᣬȥɡ
ӥߣһɫء
ǲ£
ƺЦûô
ʲôӥ죬֪˵ʲô
ƿǰҲ֪үʲôȥˣô˻ǲǳʲôˣүı£͸ҵˣүˣ˴ˡ
ȥӥΪֻǵǹ壬һЦӥһӡ
˼ǣȥ˻뿪ҵүˣ
ӥΣǲܡ
ŰɣɽҲУʱҲûƣȥ϶Ҫġ
Ҳ£ӥһ̬ȣѾѱƵΨһ񣬰Ƶǵķӥ
ҿ˵˵ˣָֻ㣬ãҪȥˣֻҪŪɾ·˳ϴϴ裬̫࣬Ǻܷ㣬ʱţʳÿնҪ裬Щˣʮˣһϴ趼ûУֻǷƶѣǶãŲģ͸߾ͺá
šӥһɽ·Ų˵ˡ
uʹһɡߣƲŽзӥȥһߣӥ£ת뿪ˡ
uߵͣ£ɡŵһߣʣΪʲôҪɽ
ƿһۣ˵·ϴϴ㲻ţ
uȻһЦǿˮˣ
ûлش𣬵uȷʵִܴ޷ӡ
»ûѾһУˣΪһǸǶõһ£ֻϧһطǸĵط
һ˴壬ӱֻΪ⡣
岢ǲЧ޷Ҫһƽȶѡ
(δ)

߰پʮһ ӥ

裬ɽ˻ãã磬ƺ͹Ҳ
ôվţuʣ㿴Ҷм棿
˶ģҲǹ޶֮ˣuͶǺܺõģطһϵı֤ϧµˡ
ûʲô˶ҪҲϾʹ˰֣ҲΪҪ˶гһգҪǣ˶¡uǰ˵ֻǿããɽĬ
Ϊβ˵ʧô
ʧҾ㲻˶һ۵顣
˵
˶һԹΪصˣǼңԼȻǴС󣬵ԵǴһ
һǱһӣνһ
˶ϲ㣬Ȣ
Ȼûдܲܶ
ң˶ܵģûǹޣǹҡ
ûûҲֻҸ嵨
Ϊ˴㷴Ŀ˶
Ϊ˴Ϊ˶ӡ
ɱȥɱУж˵Ҫ
أô죿Ҹô࣬ѵҾͲõõô˶÷ҵޣֻֻܷҪ˶
uͺȻܼ
תuͣȻ˵ĶԣǶԲ㣬ķ½˭ǹ
һЩᶨһ㣬˵ҪȢ˶ŮӣȻᶨƸ㣬ȻдҲ㡣
ûУ뿪֮ʱǶķ
겻ڣ̫࣬Ѿ죬ҲٽǶ֮ޣ
ʱ˶Сû
㲻ǣߺҪȥûлûлᷴһ֣ͶԶ֣ɼ׼
ȷ˶
uһ³Ĭˣǰɡ
u͵Ŀκֶڶ˵һ仰
ƾôվţ·ûкɣԽԽʪʵܣ£վҲǺܡ
ʱƵͣ˲תȥ
뵽ʱ򣬰Ҫ󣺡һס
Ҳã⼸㲻㣬һסϴϴɣҽŪľͰ㣬ʱ㾻棬
лл
ƻӣuֱӰᵽ˷ӥǱȥסӥȴڡ
uʰЦӥأ
ûǸŮȥˣŮЩ˶԰ƵһͳƣuûڳƺϹ£ЦҲôеġ
u˼Ӧɽˣȥңɽ·ʱ򲻺ߣ¡
Ҳַӥˣ뵽ӥҪɽĻĵǣɽҲҪ°ˡ
ȥңuס
ȥδܻȣġ
֮һʱڵȣ֪ӥɽΪˣɽն񣬴Ҷ÷ӥ׶༪٣һʱûˣҲͳ˻
Цʱˣֱˤˡ
æȥ飬Ц˵̫նˣ²ȥӥ׶༪٣ʱ´꣬ͣˣɽƸնˡ
û£İɣҸ㴦ֻǶˣ˵ҪǸϴ羢ʱֱ۶ˡ
Ҳ£
Ц˵ͷˣƸ˵ӣȸλַϽӹǣЦۣĿֱۡ
˵Ҹ˵ҩǲۣһҩˣ۵ʱҾˡ
֪ЦϲܾöԲסǵԲסʱ
˰ЦˣƳȥȷӥ˶֣˵ӥˣܵʱɽϡ
ƲЩˣʲô
ҹˣӥûƳɽߣuزȥҲֻ·һ㲻Ҫȥ
ҪȥҷӥҲˡԽģûôĹ
uҪƣִҪɽ
ЦҪǳ᲻ôƷʣuûлش𣬰Цվſڣһֱۿƺ͹u͡
ѾһˣҪͻˡ
ֻͣȴԸ
ȥҲûã·գҲ¡
Ҳ£תߣuֻøȥûжԶuһѰƵֱۣðͣ
ŤͷȥuͣuͲ
һ£ˣˣ
Ƽѣæſǰ棬ҲϸȻ
ӰϡӥӰӣ̲סЦ
ӥ
ӥһ£ûлش·Щһȳһȳģͷߡ
ƿ˼ӥЦģһˣȴһ˲ûӦˡ
(δ)

߰پʮ 

ӥһӣЩŢһһȳһȳģûʲô¡
ֻǰƴʱŷӥߵ˳Ĭˡ
ݿƵ̣Цĺܳ
ûֻǿӥ˹ȥôɽˣ
ӥòԾݣô˵أ
Ҹô˵ɱ˰ãҪҲȻˣӥҸлл㣬˵Ѿơ
죬㻹֪ɣŮ˵ѪĹܡһסƵ֣һɿȥ˿Ѫֹüͷһ£ֲסuסˡ
uͿȥƵѾˣƴʧɫָܿ糣
ӥɱ
ƼݣҪǰݹ֣ôҲǹܼҵĶӣҲֻɱ˰ݡ
һЦĵŰƵĲӣѾңҾˣӢ򲻹ңˣƣҲн졣
̧סݵ󣬰һ£죬ٱ任ήţѸٺˣڵϰסԼĲӡ
ߵǰҵѪʲôҲɣͶκˣҲֻ·һ
ݣΪʱһ仰㲻뺦ңš
ǸѰΪ顣
õźҶǵǼµķҲŲɱ֮ޣֻȥ
ȡҡݼסƵ·Ҫʩȣһ߿
𾪲ѵķӥǻȥ
ӥѾ˸ɵİݣuܻͣš
ɣȫµҪҵҲҪ²УһΣҪˣ
˵תߣӥԥһ£䱸Ŀһ۹uͣŰ뿪
uͿŵѾȥİݣת˻ȥ
·ϰߵĺӥܿ͸˰ƣƿһ۷ӥĿǸŸӣһЩ𣬺ͲҩҩųģҲ֪ʲô
ƺΣӥҲãø˵ЩȻҲɽ
ȥӥִܹΣգҲⶼûʲôڰƵȴһ¡
ԺҪҲýѵӥϾǺ⡣
ǰߣuûжҲӥˣƷŷӥһ߹uʣΪأ
ûˣҲûб첻ԡ
׵ʱһΣٻˣΪʲôҲ
ô˵ȷʵг
ô˵ֻЦҪгɱˣҲͱ˲ͬˡ
ƲţuһЦҽϢɢȥ¾ͻȺץ㣬ʱ廹ôֵ
ʱһɱһһ˫ɱһ˫ɱĶˣûˣҩȵ˸ץǱãϵҲĽǰȥǲȥˣ
һ·˿ʼĬĵıǷӥӥղôŰɽƭˡ
صѾˣȸӥˣ˵Ĳء
һ£ľҶ׼ˣƴòߡ
ͷӥ˵ЪŵĻƻ񣬹uͽ׼ľͰ׼ˮ
˶ȥɻu濴ţϴϴ·ʰ׵Ŵ
ҰˮˡƳȥҹuͣuȥæƸţƵؿڹһֵĶ
㲱ʲô
ͭǮģԸβ˻ΣuͺЦ
ҿưͭǮuͣuûʲô˰ƣ׼ߣuͽס
Ҵߣ
ͣ£תu͵⡣
u˵ѧҰĴǳһġ
أƷʡ
uͰˮȥ£ҵȫС
ƿŹu͵Щ⣬Щܸ֪Ҳһʱ
ߵuǰͭǮ˻Σu˵ݵ£ֻϵĨȥֻҪңݺ㣬ʱûкãһȻš
ΪʲôƲ⹬uΪʲôô
ҲϣѵиҾʵĻţָĨȥˣõģǲǣ
u͵üͷ˶ŰƣһЦʼƶͭǮ
鶼ģȷʵ˿ڣӼһ𣬾ͷһἰºҡ
˵꽫ͭǮ£˹uͣ͸㣡
u̧ͷң
˶㣬㡣ƿһΧ
ҲˣлæȳȥɣҸϢˡ
(δ)

߰پʮ 

uߵʱͷƣ㲻ڣ
ҵ֪᲻˵ȥȥţˣֿˮ˵ӣ£ζȻܣ̤ʵ˯һ˵ûʲôЩõˡ
uʹȥϢһֱƸͭǮЩЦ
ӥ֣Цʲô
װ׵һöǮЦô
Цһ⣬ӻںһöͭǮ
찲ʼղôżڸ߶ҲԶʱվɽϿɽ£Źô
ԽԽ࣬uȫڿЩˡ
ɽ˸ˣɽϿʼ췿ݡ
ӥͰЦ£ҪšuϾݳʵǴߣ˵ӣҲֻаЦӥǼ
ҪӥðƸŹu뿪
uͻͷˣܸ㱣֤£ҲҪҡ
Ϊ㣿ӥɫãͼ
uɫ£¡
ƿ۷ӥ°ɡ
׼뿪ӥuͿ۷ӥȣˣµȥô
ӥͷһۣʣȴ²ȥ
˵°ɡ
תƸŹuɽ
ɽ·УһֱߣɽϵҲûȥҲ͸ߡ
ɽʱŵɽ£ƵڻԣҰѵɽҲʲô⡣
ɽ°ƱŽ˴ӣuʹȤ㻹ӣԭ룬ɽҪ㣬û뵽Լˣߵöô
㲻ùңҪȻ˵
uͽӣȥ·ϣݽǹĳǳأǱ֮أǹĶǺԶ˴Ⱥ֮Уȥ˹u͵լӡ
լϢʱϲųš
ڳһҾ¥ȥǱ߰¡
¥Ѿϣ¥˵Ⱥ򣬽ŰƱһ£ȻǾİϡ
İһȣӣϲӡ
üİϲѾǻƵô
ô
Ӿõˡuͽű˱ȭİվ΢¶á
˾ˣȻҪΪʲôҪס˼ôİϳڲá
uһЦ͵һЩĺã鷳˹壬ҡ
˵ץˣİѾõϢڹu͵֮ҲΪ£ŮҲǹ޴úڼҲܱץߣӲһ޴
ûãŶܶˡ
İϲм͹uͺuѾϵΣûӦμʵֻһĿģǰơ
ӵϢͨ
u£һ棬˵Һ;˵飬֪ôˣ
ҪҰѵطãÿԸϽɹ˰ϣ㣬ΪʲôҪôأΪǮôǴȱǮ
İô˵ǻķ½ֻĸǴһҶѴŵҪ˶࣬ͱǸˡ
ǹҲôȻƲҲǴ°ܽȻôƲ
һ°ܽǡ
Ǯˣǲƴ֡
վһĮȻuһЦȻˣǹ㿪ó֮ţ֪ģѵ˵ˣžͲôֻǰкҪҲкһǹ㡣
ҿԱֻ֤ʱţ躹޺Ȼ뿪Ӱǡ
ǹǮǴ°ֻܽ¾ʹǹʵҲõ
ӲԸҾͲܱ֤ζǹ
ȻѣǾǵˡ
Ҳδء
İϵǲΪȻȣŶİƣϸİϿuͣҲԸǲҪֺǿϰѰƽңҵǿǹ
Ѿˣû취㣬㻹İɣں飬ҲһǮȻǹٽģֻҪ£ǺϵʲôҿһЩ㡣
ڣûбҪİȥſڣȻϰ˽Ҳ߰ɣҲΪˣֻǹóҲûʲôǹҪ˱ģǾֻܹȥˡ
İ뿪ҲˣŹϹuֻһЦŰ¥˸ոճȥͱһЩסˣʮˣĶǺɫ·İվһߣӣƮƮš
ĽվһߣһɫĽѣһ¶ģ˿̸ֶĿ䡣
ǲῪսģ㣬uͣ˽ɣȻ̫ӣɱ㣡
Ƶһû뵽Ľˣ
(δ)

߰پʮ ȹu

ĽݣҾȹ㣬˶ң
uû뵽ĽҲ
ĿĵģȻңĽһĮ̾ϢҲǾˣôط̹Ҳˡ
ô֣ڷɫʮѿҪɱuͣ˵Ȼȥվڷ󣬷ڷһѽ
飬ΪuһѺôץuͣˡ
ת棬浹ûˣֶˣôû
һߣǡ˵
uһЦҲ£Ҳܰ¡
һ㶼δضԸˡ
ҵ飬ֻҪҾˡ
uʹϳһƿȻһ£͹һģ
uһסƣƱǰߣ˵ɱΧҲδشңαء
ȻҾҪȥ֮ǰѾ˶ˣҲҲˣҷߺǰߣǲһ
ƻ˵ʲôŰɡ
uʹɱ䣬ŮװҲʲôһѽ͸ŹuɱȫõѧȻǰȭŹᱻĽݷ֣Ľֻᱻ鷢֣֮Աˡ
˶ڹսu͵Ĺ˵
Ƶ϶Ѫʮգ۾Ͷ˵ϡ
Ʊŵһ㵣ô
üˣȥ
˲վڹu͵Ķ档
uͽƷſҪߡ
ɱС˵uͿƣתˣ˲˹ȥӦУӷŹu͵ĺߣ˵ֲס屻˳ȥˤһѪ
鳯Ű˹ȥuתһȥתͣ¿ֱֱۣѪˡ
Ľ̴һ߽ս£סuͣ塣
û¡
鿴ƣ
İҲٵһߣڿȣ׼Ľץסu͡
ƿ۷飬uͣǷҵ
ҹˣϲ̣ƻ˵ֻ
ûȥҷ飬u͵ǰѽȥҹuͣǴĽݺ;İϵм߹ȥİҪȥץƣƺңжС֡
İϰȥߵu͵ߣѽڲϣ˺ɡ
ץסu͵󣺡ߡ
uͿŰƣΪʲô
Ϊ˷ӥ
ǡuͺȻһЦƲûᣬuһѱסƵѸٺˣƲѽˣŵˣŹuͺ˷˳ȥ
Ľݿơ
ΣŵϵļˣһƿҩӸˣԣ
һס̧ͷŰ䵽uʹŰƿȥ
u͵լӣȥٻ·һ˸٣ϻȥɽǱߡ
ҹϵɽ£u͸յӿ˾վȵ˵ϣƽôжвѡ
ɨ裬Ʋ֪uˡ
ˣʱ϶uͣ˰ƽǰ˴ȥ
u£ƽȥ棬Ѫuͺȣ˼ֻҩuͣùuȰš
˸ҩˣȥˣɽѰЦͷӥҪˣȻ˭ҲȲˡ
ɲģһ˼Ӱơ
ҩưҩȸuͺȣһֱȵˡ
۾uʹ̣ô
˵˶ˡʵҪڵĻuͱɡ
ǺǡuͺЦЦؿۣš
ƿһӵˣڵȷӥͰЦ
uͺſ˵˭棿
¡ſڵϽţϥ¡
u˵Ҫ棬ԶһЩҪ˿
·֮ȻЩ⣬ΪʲôŮڣ˳ȥ
뿪ˣuͲһ۾ˡ
óӣuιѪuü˵ǿ˵ģ˾֪ˣҪҲô
ֻǾüȲã뵽ɱ˼ˣ鸴ӣЩ˶˲Ŷԡ
ǻˣ
uͺܿоĻָһˡ
ߣuһѰסƵϣſڣüͷֻЩ˶ѣuȴӾ硣
ЩʹuͲŲķſƵ֮Ӳס
u壬ĿڰƵϣƱuסֱۣɫѾȾѪĴӣһϸСĺۣ˿ڻָĺܿ졣
̫ˣ
uüδɣʱҪװһЩ
š
u鲻һᰲƣ̣ȥˣ
üȥĺܣ»ȥԲ˶ߣ
(δ)

߰پʮ ζ

ӥͰЦŸϵʱƺ͹u͸ڴϢ˵һûᣬŽӡ
Ϣ˳ȥ
ϢuѾ׼뿪ˡ
˶ֻƺͰЦӥ
һصլǱߡ
ȷᱻҵƼӴģuֻټġ
Ҫҵһʽסu£ȻŲˮլϷ԰ӣڳϷuϷ߰ơ
ûش𣬹uʣǲǲˣ
ÿ㣬ȻˣҴߣ̾ͻˡ
uûעϷ̨ϵ˳
ϷˣĽݾİҲڡ
˽
ƻû˵
ȥuҲڡ
ҿԴӦҪҪ⣬أаο󣬵Ȼһ˰ա
㲻͵
ɫѿˣuˡ
ǲӦҲοҹ˯һҪ˵ȥôȥ
u͸ֶǴһĨǳЦ
ΣͲҪǹ֪ôˡ
ôˡŹuȥƿȥ档
ͣ°˵ҿԸߣǴӦɡ
ƾãƽӲʱ򣬾ǰһ˶İ顣
uЦŨɡ
ޱ飺˴ǹҪǴ㵽ԴӦ˴ʴˡ
uͿİϣô˵
ǡһɱ㣡
һЩ֤ݣ㲻ңұóȥкܶĸ׵飬ҪҪ
İɫĸˣ
Ǹ⣬㸸׸߹ġ
İҧߣ
Ƶǲ֪£ȥuͣuͿƣûߣҲ㻻ġ
꣬û߲á
İϣҴӦ㣬ĸ׵տڲ̸ֻϣиĵطңȥɣΨһܴĵطǹĵطиСңźҲȥҪǴĵˣҲ޷˯ڴ˴úõˣҶܰˡ
İɫuͣһգ
ǿˣƴӽ𣬾ҵǴѾûʸ񣬳ǹȻѱ
u˵ʱ˺үж
ͷɫһѾϵĹûˡ
ĽҲˣ壬ж
İҲûֻǿһ۰ƣһЦҲã֪㲻ʲôŮ
û˵۹uͣu˵ҷߣ¡
İϣһʱҾߣ̫á
uͿƣ۵ŲһɫһЩ˵Ҳһõõġ
ȥ꣬һĶ׷һЩҵĶҿԻȥҲ˵
һ£㲻ܻȥ
Ȼ˽ң֪ʲô
Ҫ֮ǰȥҲԣڲԣһˣȥҲף張ںԣ㣬ӣɱǱȻ
ôuͺЦƱ
԰ɡ
Ľɫƣһȥ
ȥĽݣǲȥģİɡ
תӣĽݶã¶ģ뿪ǲ뿪
˶ˣuϵ齥ʧȡ֮Į
תuͻص棬ȥ£һЩڣô
ƶһˮͷ˽ҲĳԷ
uʣһҲ
̸ǲȻǣ͸֪϶ˣЩҪһУȻͻᱻ֣Ҫ֪㿪顣
uЩƣôʲô֪һ
ǲ֪ǲʲô취㲻ߣɽͿ󣿡
أuԽذƣϧŮˣǣöã
ҾˣҲǴˣҲǵڶ壬ôܸΪأ
ǲã˵Ϊء
±Ӱɡ
˵˵ɣô£
թôΣ㻹ô
uһ£׹һᰲƣûôƭ壬̫ˣÿթ֪᲻֪
أƿŹuͣu˼Цһ£һ˸ơ
ԣȥҵط
ƳŷǳùuȥΪǵܾùu˱ζˣ
(δ)

߰پʮ Ůû

˴ԺӺ뿪uͺͰݣտɽλã˸λãۺԶ
ɽ°ƿһ۸߸ߵ£һƣ̧üģȻЩ֪Լڸʲôˡ
uĵˣ˹u͡
Ъһɣuͽ⿪ϵˮƣšһڣuҲûһҪֱӺȣһ˹ȥš˸ӡ
һңԼšƾһǲǲôڵ顣
uͺЦ˻ȥҲࡣ
㣡׼ȥušӣͷպˮƵ̵ģתȥ˲ˡ
uͰˮϣŰȥߵĲȥˡ
ߵ͵ĵطָŰȥ
ƵϺݣָuͣ˵İɣǼװģһֱ˶
һƣűס·ҪƹȥƫƫС
ָֻuִֻͣһ𣬹uһ£ֱȥˡ
ɿֱߣú͹uκεĽӴ
ôһʱ˲ŵɽߵ氲תuͣȻ뷨ˡ
ȥԨȥҲױҵ˵ɣҪҵط
Ҫȥ
š
Ƴɽ¿һۣһȥףuΪǸɵˣ
ȥɣҵ㣬Ҫϵ·Ҫϲ·һΣ
ǡҾòΡ
uһ°ƣߵ¿Ҫһ£ȥuһסƣ˹һߣͣuѹڰƵϡ
Ƶüͷ壺𿪣
uϸƺЦҾһ
𿪣
÷ϻһѹuͣƿ
Զ㣬Ҷ御ˡɽߣͷҲء
uͿһۣתǱȥֻһܲתʱѾûˣܹȥ濴Ҳûˡ
u͡¿ڴ󺰡
ĽŲתuվڶ档
治ˣ
ΪuȥȻǸɵӡ
㻹ںҵġu߽ûжƣֻ˵롣
Ҳûش𣬹uѾƿȥ¿ڣһߵ¿ڣƳ濴һۣ̫ˣ²ȥȥҲ·һ
ҼľʱǵĽų㣬оŹľ룬߶ȵȥ䵽ǱɣмнסĶҵһ
Ϊһֵôһˣʲôˣ
ҪûһأuԸ˹壬ӹu͵ıӰ֮п塣
Сĵ㡣ƶu̧ʾⰲƲҪ˵Ʊ죬uͲһṬuͰϡ
ȥҡ
㻹ҪȥƾùuǷˡ
һ˼ѹôһӣ˺
Ҫϲȥ
uͿһ棬һ仰ȥˡ
ӱҲûкܳվŵĵطʵЩȫҲŹuȥֻܺ˵š
°Ʋŷ֣ˮʳﶼˣ㶼û¡
ƵһһҹuҲûûߣ˵ԵĶֵҹ
찲Ҳûu˵Ƹˡ
ûߣ졣
ߵӶˡ
۾ȥһ£иˡ
Źuʹһ㶼⣬ӣѾûĹu
u£ŰƺЦ
ˮιˮuͷЦ£˹u͵˿ڣ˻ûʲô飬ϢһᣬuͲ
ƽû˭uǵһˡ
Ҳǲп֮ԲŻ
Źuͣ뵽壬ǱѵһѷУֻǷͬѣûһá
Ƕסˣ
Ůˣôʱôuţ˵׼ıӸuͣu֣Ūģ
ѳԺȶˣɽġ
uһ飬һ߳һߴϢ̫ˡ
Ϣϣһɽ
ҹϻլӡ
һžͿЦæӣİѾǵլΧ˵ˡ
ô죿uЩʧ䣬ûͰദ
°ɣҿԲҪ󡣡uʹʱЩҡҪǸȣƱֵǮɡ
Ҳߡ
ѾȲҪˣתʣ
Цһģһ˵ˣͰˣŮ
(δ)

߰پʮ ץ

Цش𣬰Ʊ㳯ǰԺߣЦæ˹ȥסƣվסô㲻ҪΪϲ㣬ͿԵΣǵطѹˣӶ˯ˣ㻹ȥȥ˹㣿
ѹЦ˵Ļġ
һӵ·ҲӵݣŮˣЦں溰Ϊϵ㣿
uͿŰܿıӰ鸴ӡ
ӣŮҪߣ㲻ܣЦżˡ
uͿЦ㲻ôɱ˰񣡡
ӣǹɱ˰񡣡
Ҳɷ򡣡
Ц⣺ӣ㵽ʲô
ʲôǳˣ㲻
ӦôЦһ⡣
u̧ͷŰȥĵطô
Ǿߣ
š
Σ
Լס
ƴԺſҹ壬ʱ׼ӲլӣѰҰƣһԺﱼһ£¹ϳˣжƾסˡ
屧סƣҪżˣ
һǸһ
Ҳ½Ľ鲻ǺܺãôĮԹô顣
û˺ɣ彫ƿ۵ǣµļ顣
˺ϵƤ¶澫µݣ忴ƵûסȻȥ죬˫¹ӣûܾ
ΧһȺ˿ţ쵽УҲֱ̫ɿˡ
ƴִ£Ŀ̸һһ
סƵ֣լϡ
ӥأ
棬Ҵȥүu;ң㲻´ץ
忴ȥҪץ¡
ץɣҴȥҷӥƴŹţѺɰڰƵؿڣ￴һ£պŶƵĶһӣССڣСС𣬻ǿų浰
ģû¾ͺá
үҵķأ
Ҳû¡
˵ŻԺӣӥ˵˸¥ϣ˹ȥԺѾһˡ
ҡ
ѸԺչĽҵ뿪ĺԺ˾ʹӺԺ׷˹ȥ
Ҳ˹ȥɽ¾ͿuɽƱƻҪȥչṦɽ⣬Ƹ屳ţŰʱ׷ɽϡ
ûˣֻu͡
uһЦ壬αؿƣѾ˻㣬㻹Ҫ׷Ҳš
ҴķƱɱ㣬ӵ
ͶأuͿһ۰ƣ塣
ͶѾˣֻ·һ
壬㲻Ҫ̫
̫㣬֣ңһôȦȥأ
uһ£Ǳߡ
Ҳ⣬⿴壺ô֪
һζζһϹɽºۼߺߵ·Ҫɵô
ƣҪΪֻĴû뵽㶼ʼ첲ˣȥúʰ㣡
Ŀһүɣ͵ȥˣûбͼ
ɡ
ֵ̧˰ƵĻ˯Ѩǰһڣ˳·ˤ

屧ƳŷǱ˵ֽ˹ȥȥƣu׷˹ȥҲҪơ
һ߹ȥuˣЩȥ
Ʊ鱧סת˸Ȧء
Ӯ˱ȻԻţˣ·һ
uͿ۰ƲʧЦǲӮˣңҿԲҪ£ҿתߣΣ
ӮˣҲô
ȥɱuͣuͳ˴һĽݵڰƵϣȥҷ飺壬ұŰɡ
ûһĽݣã
֪
ĽһϹϾ鿴һᣬǲģ˰ɣұŰɣһ߹ս
ߵһ£ѰƱڻ
͹u˴Ĳɿuв񣬹һ빬u͵ļ򣬹u뿪һһģuվԭضͷðˡ
Ǳʶ￪ʼˡ
ס֡ϮƴӷĻȻŲ˹u͵ߣס˹u͡
(δ)

߰پʮ װ׿ϧ

ɣǷҵģһ뿪Ҹ
ԭĳùһ£ԭͷһ۹uͣuЦ£㻹᲻á
ԭΪˣ壺ҿ㿴ֻҪˣʲôûˡ
ԭͷϵķ䵽ϡ
ѽ£ɵġ
һԭŹu͵֣ɽߣһ۹壬Ϊе
Ȣ˸ˮŮˣù
uͽŲһ·ԭɽԭôɽˤȥһ˲䵽ԭߡ
ߣûˣҾͻȥ
ԭù忿ŭ㲻ߣˤ
ߣҲߣչ
ԭߣˡ
ߣ
ŭһתߡ
һЦ۰ƣɵȱӡ
תɽĽݺ;İ˶ûߣҲǸ˼
忴ˣߡ
İһ壬Ǳĵ̡
Ҫߣɱ㣬ȥ
İüתһǱߣţ򲻹塣
ȥأ
ĽɫãģҸʲô
İϺЦǾ֮ꡣ
õ㡣ĽݻǲģҲȷʵǹĶ֣鲻;İֵĻû⡣
鿴һۼˣȥɣƵġ
鿴һ۹壬ɽ
ĸɽߣԭŹuڵϣԶԭ˰ѵԼʵ²ȥ֣µĲС
βϸһΪ
εʱܵĹuͣԭԭ뵽Σųæ
uͿѪ̰ѰƵ˹ȥ˫ְסƵ֣סѪ˿ȥжҪ١
ԭŵе㾪㵣ɴ۾ţЩĻţǵһΡ
uͺһᣬٻָſƵ֣ڵŷ
ԭҪˣջգգ۾ϸɾӣ˲˿Ѿʼˡ
uţѰ˹ȥҿ
ԭΣŮܲףҾҲΪ߰ɣȻˣɱģǸˣĺܣ
ԭ˵Ͱƻģĺܺβ˸
uһ⣬Ű֣㻹
ԭһԶˣźôǸͽӣ
ͽӣuһЦ̲סЦ
ԭЦЦϳȥ𣡡
𣿡uסЦüŰƣԭʶ˵Ĳԣһ죬վ
㵱ѣḧˣ㰮߲ߣɣҪˡ
ԭǿ߹uͣת׼ߣuͺȻվһԭԭתu;뱧ԭ̧߹ȥuͶ㿪һ£ԭˤuȥһڹuͲϣ֣
Ϯԭȿ˹ȥ
Ľu͵ĲѾѪ
Ź壬ֻûţҪԸ¹ҸȥֻҪҡ
룬ҹŮˣҲҵĹ㱾µøš
һȥuͶ㿪ûˡ
˵һҪʲô´α㣬ֻ·һ
˵깬忴ԭˣ
߰ɣ
ԭҲǿϹuͣǸͽӡ
ԭתҲɽuʣǻܼô
ԭת˿uͣһ£ںĲת˵İɣֻ㣬ֻǾһǱãúõһˣ˹ֶ֣ôɱ˭ɱ˭˵ˣǾûиĹߣˣ
վϲһ˵ģɷкӣһѣѣ
Ϊ֮ɣҪЩ棬£гһȥʱҲΪңΪ塣
ҪõϿɣҪб£㵽ʱȥҲãȥҲã֮ܶ㶼ǳͷˣ֪ô
uЩ֣˵
ŰˣuóͭǮһۣγѡ
˶
ԭɽȥһһץŹӣͷϣû
ԭҲ֪ˣҪ²ȥֻŹߣһһߵսľ
ԭҲո˵ˣɽϻûֱȥסֱ۲֡
ƣ˯ʲôʱ㵹ѹԭҪˡ
ȥơ
ſ岻ġ
ԭֻ÷ſʱԭһί
Ҳָ֪һ棬ȹңҾϲĿҲңʱɱˣôϲأǰװ׵Ŀϧˣ
ԭһ̾Ϣͣ£䣺Ҫ˵˵
߰ɣԼȥ
ԭȥһûվȲˤȥһȥ°Ƴ£Űƣӡ
湬ײһϣͣ
(δ)

߰پʮ ӵԭ

ԭû£ͷӹĻЦ£׻㣬ƣԲһ£
˵껹ȹ巴ӦһڣվɨɨŻŵľܣһ£ɽˣһǱǸСһ·ȥ
ȥһ·ϱΪ˲ռ˹岻ҿһֱԶĸš
ԭҲУûû߲ˣɴϣ˫һ죬ڴ濿š
վһվš
վһᣬԭȻ˯ˡ
߽¿ԭѹûп̫ࡣ
˯ˣ
ԭһߵȥһѽסûˤ
˱𣬴ɽ
ɽ·鼸һֱڵȣ˱Ľݺ;İȵǰ
˯ˣĽѰĿһĽݡ
æȻȥɡ
ˣвʹҪƸβĽһ⡣
屳ȥϣİƿӾϳѾ׼լӣȥ
飡
һŰ˳ȥˤþİϲͷɢˡ
Ӻӥ
ү
ȥ
ǡ
ӥ뿪
İæȥߣš
ں׷źϣ⡭
׷ϣˡ
ĽҲһ·˳ȥ
屧Ѿ˯İƣϸɫѿһֻŰƵ󣬵Űѹʰ
һ·뿪ǹıСǣҲû˯ѡ
ıĽݰ˿ջƸ屧˻ȥ
סķ䣬ӥţκ˲ÿ
Ľſڵһᣬ˾ˡ
İƤ󣬰һ̬һء
˵ñӴĿеʶ˵ҲˣԼֵܣ㶪ˣҲҪ˵ĺδ޷ݣαصһ֦ŮӶ಻ʤգɷɡ
Ҫͽɡһ仰İϻͷ˿ϵķ飬Ȼ޹⣬ܹ˵ĺá
ӣȥ¡
㵱Ļ壿İԭҲǸˣԴˣҲһء
ֻһۣİϡ
İҲʧ䣬ŮԺǻʴһȺɷҲʲô
ҲСģô˵ǹȷʵ
ǷĻʴô֪ģİϻࡣ
ô֪ģǰƵģɭɭʣʵľİȫڣֱ顣
ĸʲôˣ
׼ˮ·׼ԡԭ۾ˣԭһ£ʣʲô
⿪·ֺ˻ȥ
ɫһأ
ԭĲãɣƽһʱԭ֪
ԭ뵵ͿľͰͷԭӴ
ϴϴ衣
ɫһƬ䣬תȥϴ
ԭЩ˼·ˮϴһᣬй壺·ڴϣܰô
תԭ·ȥԭϴó·ˬɢһͷһӣ߶
ת㣬˼ԭԭʩ죬ͭԼ
Щ㱣ԭÿǴĺͻһû㡣
ԭתԴүϴɣҳȥһˡ
ԭתȥ棬Ѿȥˡ
ҪԡҲûӥŰơ
ӥе֣ܾﲻ̫һ
Ƴſ;İϣ˶ûʲôøУվſվţҲȥ
ǾİϿ˹ȥһϣȥƵ°ͣԭ
İһ£Ůˣô˺˵
һǣǹңܵʲôȥԭ˵İһ۾İϣľİָָƣ˵ʲôȻ˵
˻ˮԭ㿪Ժй䡣
鿴Űƣȥ
ԭԺӣȥǽϵļֻ񿴡
ˣͷһۡ
ԭ岢Ȥ͸ûһŹϴûȥ
Ľݵˡ
Ǹˣԭܺ棬Ľݵʱų⡣
ûˣĽݶһ࣬׼ȷ˵û׼
Եࡣ
ǰ룬ԭ˵ǰתȥǱ߷£¿ʼࡣ
ĽݺЦȥɲ
ԭ̧Ľݣûᣬ˲죬ſڡ
ʱˣ˿һԭҲ⣬ķŴ򿪣ȥ
˹ǰ˵ȥߣô
Եòͷˣԭš
·ԭժһЩŻǸӡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ ʧɢ

أ
Ϣ죬˰ɡԭŪ塣
Ҷûʲô۲죬ԭѻ͵岻ܡ
šԭΪѵıŻ
ԭ˵Ҫɱ˹uͣﲻ
ѵɱôһĮԭЦ
Цʲô
ЦôװͿƺͷӥڹuȻҲuͣǹuûɱͷӥuǸʲôˡ
ƲɱˣǸ򣬴ǾΪģֲǲ֪αҪɱ˹uͣ
˵αҪǰɱأ
ѵƲڵʱȥɱ
ȻٲģʱȥûĸĸΪ£Ϊβˣ
һƭ㲻ɣǿԴĺܣôϲ㣿ԭҲǰ˼⣬屻ԭô˵Ĭ
紵һᣬתȥԭţ·޻ԭҲˬƵģʵuͼãҪЩϵãǾͲⶾˡ
ͣ£תԭѾһƬ
ԭ̧ͷٲȻһЦ֪ɻɱңұĸƽܶȥ֮Ůة֮ӣǶõ֮ϣҵǰɵˣ˸߸ϣĺү
ǿʯͷĽ㣬㣬ҲаĶݣȻ㲢δа㶯ݡ
ƽߵʱ˵㲻ϲң㲻ңңԹңҪѰȥ˵һҡ
һǣģһ棬˵ֻҪԸ
˵ʮĽʮģô
˵Ǹĺˣ㣬ɱң˵Ҳˣ
⸡㣬ĺ֮ˡ
үǺˣʱ֪Ҳҵȥƽܡ
˹uͣҴӦȥ飬ҿƽܱߣأ
忴ǰԭЩ𺳣ⲢеŮӣԭķ裬ԭҰ֪֪
ǰԼŮӣޥģ֪ܴĲͬ
ϸǰԭòŵȻϲ㣬Ҳܶ࣬ȥ˵ǣҪƽܣǿһ棬ֻǱϣκγ顣
š
ԭӦ㿴ǰߣˡ
ȥϸ۲쾹Щĸꡣ
Ʋ֪ʲôʱǰԭһ˿֮ġ
صסȥϢԭŴЩ񣬰βŵҲͬ˴ûı죬УҪ˯ڵذϱҵĲǣ֪Ȼۣ˯࣬˯࣬㲻ùм߶ΣҲܿ£ӦҲ˯
ͳ˳飺ɷģˡ
ԭϴʰ׵½Ӹϣˣܿ˯ˡ
ߵ£δ£һҹδȥ˯ԭ˯Ҳ£ԭ˯ǺͰЩͬ˯ʱעƣʱѹпܵġ
˯ѾͻˣȰ˯˻Ǹˣǰ㶼ûб仯
ԡ£ױ磬һԭģ밲Ƹ롣
һƣ緹Ҳޱ顣
ǾİһֱԭϲİϣĽݣһЩ˵˲֢
ĽǸ֮ˣһٷ֪ǰ˲ǰƣһˡ
˭ԹĽ˸û˵ĵطȥԭԭվ⣬Ȼ޲ĿĽֻǺЦ
ʦ֣ϲһЩʱƴĥ־£˶һ˿ģԶ׷Ϊƻĸ飬ڿ˵ϲĲ˽ʰˡ
ƣҲϲˡ
ԭ˵ת׼ߣת㿴Ĺ壬ԭ˸ӣү
ɫ˪ƺǺԭˣϲԭĽݵš
һ˳ʲô£ϱȥ
˵һԭתԭ˻ȥԭͷűһЦ˳
תȥɫһԭǲ˵үǲˣ
㿴Ǹˣ
񣡡
ԭԴת;İˣĻǷӥԷ;İԭûкøУǷӥ˺˼
ӥ˫۷ֱԭԭ˷ӥǰʣΪοң
㵽ôˣǲǸu͸ʲôҩˣʧǣ
ԭЦɲôӦҷ㣬ȴҪҳʧɢҾʧȥң֮ǰͬˡ
ԭֻһʱû뵽ӥȴˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰һ Ϊϲ

ӥɫȥ
ӥҪߣ庰סʧɢа취±ҽʧɢ
ӥŽɣͷ壺棿
Ȼģ
忴һ۷ˣձҪߣӺ۵Ĳ㣬ǹûʲôȥɡ
ԭӣԭ±Ĭ⡣
ȻǲߣȴԳϻǰΪξĲأ
˽֣˵󣬱֮Ψֲ
嵹û˵ʲôԭĹȥŵģ֮вʺһ
˲ߣҲ뿪ӦҪʰۺӵĲҪʡ
ΣɷδۺĽݵĲ£ҲҪðƳ
ԭȴ˵ү˼죬ƵİҩˮȥȸǺһЩԻǵܣҪүȥƽܡ
ɫûģ
ԭǳЦУ˵ϢЩӣҪүúտңκβãү£ȻҪүˡ
ң
ҾͲ֪ˣүԣԭʹвһƻˡ
үǽĽݺ;İϵǺöԸһɵӣһǸ飬ȻǸ۵ǻѶԸ׻˵ⲻеĹҧ˲Ҫ
ĸζԭ
Ȱƻգ˵ôô
ˮһڣܴİϺĽݣ
Ȼܣԭ
ʣǻ׵飿

Ǳ飡
ãԭڴӦ۵׷Ź⡣
ʣأ
Ƴǣ
һΪ
尮⻰վֱӳȥ顣
ԭҲȥ棬˷ԭѾ׼׵һСվڷӥߣһ»Ůӣ
һ£ʵΪδ
ϲ㴩ү㴦Ǳ߰ɡ
á
׼ԭ˵̫ˣҪС
嵹⡣
Ȼǻģֻû֪ˣҵǴ󽫾вĵ
忴һ۷ӥӥ㵥Һơ
أ׼ϺõǧﱦҲ˱ǡԭ˵𻰾Ҳ졣
嵹Щ⡣
ӥ׼
ӥǣӱүĺãᵢٽų̡
ӥĺˣͼľǿѣ㲻ΪҵģˤˣҲǿģ
ӥһһˤģô˵ĺǸүģ˵ģ졣
Ҫԣӥȥ׼ǡ
ӥӦתȥ׼һƥѪ
ԭȥһƥЩģԭȴ˵Ӳãұǲɿǵˣɱ˱ǣ
ԭܿԭԭ˵Ǿ仰Ҷˡ
ԭסҲƮݵļ
忴ԭüͷΪε
ݣԭҲкȻͺһĻɱһ˲˳ȥ
ͷӥӺ׷ȥ
ԭͷһ۹壬Цһ£֮ɫڹǰһ£תԭ뿪
̴Ӻ׷ȥƥڹŭȣһ㣡
ԭδᣬĸˡ
ԭɽԽ룬ּ䣬ˮϪĵطҲδֱͣӱ˹ȥŵ÷ӥһߺү̽ȥ׳µġ
ӥ취ȥǰ濱죬вõĵط˺ˮȥٹӣԭ£Ѱˤˡ
ˮԭ̫죬Ҳй嵣ǡ
һ·ԭ£˵һȥԱ·
һȥԲݵֻǺһЩԭЩ㵡
ǵŮӣɣ
뵽Щʲôҡҡͷǲ ܵģֻƣҪǲԭôܰƵ
ԭȥˮߣƿҪˮˮȣ庰סţ
ԭ̧ͷһߡ
ԭ˵ˮȰɣ˵ˮﲻɾм档
ԭЩЦãˮ򿪸Ӻˮ
ˮ˹壺үΪβϲң
ɫΪҪϲ㣿
ԭһǸ֮ˣϹϲ㡣
ԭתǰȥ·ԶҲ£·С
(δ)

ڰ˰ ͿŮ

վڲԶӥͣ¹˵ȥǰ̽·û¼Ǻţ·źŸ
ǡ
ӥԭˡ
ԭ˻ӣһѻ𣬵ϵĸɲݱŪһɲŵϣ˻ѣվһ߿֪ԭ
ԭŪãţõľ棬ˮ
㱾ãԭҲһЩƵǱʵģվˮ߲ûȥ뿴ԭǷץһ㡣
ԭӣδΪ
ԭվһᣬһȥӾЦˣ
һڲ棬ˤϣֲһϰ
ߵԣԭʼ㡣
͹һ
һƬſԭôԭûг֮ǰ
ҺƽܴСʶཻܴҳѧ᲻⡣ԭҲӵһСһСڡ
ȻʵΪ֪
˵ϲŮӣҲϲŮӵĳªҪҲ̫㣬˵ҵڣھ㣬ЩټС㲻ŹңҪѧŰ裬ҪҪЩܱȫԭ̾ϢҶԲԸȢңȴϼңȻŮȺˣǿȥġ
Ǻ㣬Щ֪ҲǸŵŮӣ˵׼ҵżңҲ˽ĵġ
˽ΣѰһҵӣʵȥһӸסԭԱˣһһ۴ϣ϶ñϵĲŪ𣬴˸ڣ̻صǰ
һȻǵŮӣǾͲôˡ
ûпܣԭǰߡ
ҹûͣ£ҲҪϢԭſϣߣ˯ˡ
һֱԭµˤˡ
һ·ĸʱԭ˯۾˸ϣϵĳ硣
忴˫Źס룬һ
ԭƴĸһᣬʱ
ԭû˯ѵӣһ߻εһ۷ֱһ߻εһ߷
εúõġ
ӥǣ˼ʱԭѹʲôʷӥӥԶô
ӥΣˣʳүҪôΥүš
ԭժϵ㣬ӹȥүģҸطȺһ¡
ӥסһǿ㣬æл˹塣
忴ԭû˵ʲô
ӵɸ봫飬ƽΪ֪ʺƳأϻؾȥˣ˲ڱ߹ء
ۿҪĽˣ˲ڣԭЩʧ
ԲˣǻȥҲһģڱ߹ȥĻҲ಻㡣岻ΪȻʵһѣһġ
ԭȴģƽµġ
߹뿪˲δͣҹ·żŻȥԭ·̣͵ˡ
һ·¶ޣ忴ԭ Ƽġ
ιٻƣûзӦѯԭ˵û£ֻϢš
嵣ҲãԱ㲻ˡ
ﾩǣԭͣȥˣڳһʱŽǡ
ص븮ԭδκ˵һ仰ֻȥ˰
⼸ңŮǾࡣ
ȥŮƱˡ
ŮТԭŮɣ
סŵϵԭŷӦԭúõĿš
ƣˣ
ԭסŮȥȥŮֻеֻе
ΣԭģˣҲûʲôģֻҪû¾ͺãǡأ
ŮȻǸˣһŮҲǹĵġ
ԭ뿪˵ϢţŮһԸδˣҪ֮ǰƽܣ
Ҫߣɫ԰ףôҲû뵽ŮҪߣݵۻûС
ԭЦ£ŮܸоõԽǰˣÿ춼ҪƵ֧ȥǿҪˡ
֮ǰδ˵Ըȥ
ڣҲĵˡ
ЩھǣչҵʱƽһֱչңŮˡ
ŮҪǰȥ
ãͷѾԭ˲ᣬסϵ֣󷢴Ĺ壬ʱûˣֻˡ
ԭŰȥǰ˵֪ﲢһֱԹүҲãҡ
ԭҲģҲĵģŮѾˣǿĻ²֣ܿҲϲңҺҲҾȡұϾһ׮¡
ǽǱ任ңҪߣҪףȻǲԸģǲǣ
һ۹壬ԭǡ
ҺͿˣҲͿˣǶͿˣǾͱǰӿɺã
(δ)

ڰ˰ ·ʩʩ

Ĭˣòŵͷ֪ˣƽϡ
Ǻõ
ԭ壺үʱ㺦ˣҪ޸㣬;ʣǸļƴŮӣǳɻ飬ҲǺ㡣
ҶҲжˡ
ǳɻңǷҵġ
ǲʣȥš
֮ұҵ壬ǲ飬汬㺣ȻǲҩȴҲģΪľҪһ챬ġ
Ҳʧȥһ
Ȼһʧȥһθ飬Ҳӵһθ飬ˣһθãǲǣ
ǡ
ԣ˵㻹Ƿҵġ
š
ˣֻҪȥƽܣǲǿԴӦ
ѾӦˣȥ
Ǻãллүȫ⡭⼸Ҳס˶ӣҲκ޹ص飬⼸ҵȥס
үҪǲģҹȥҲãͬסүȫ
иѰԭδ˵ʱ޶ˣҪˣƲҲΪҪġ
ãӦδ£ҲߣҪƽܼ棬ҲҪͨ
ʺѾȥ˴֣Ǳߣʺסɽϣ˶ȥȻƽҪʺЩѣ԰æ
үԭ˸ӣסԭֱ֣뿪ˡ
˲ԣΪͰֱŤˣջ͸ˡ
ظ˹ȥһŲܣǶˣӾӸ˲æ
Ѿסϰˣ˵ˣྴҪˣȥҪ־ˡ
˸ãʹȥɡ
ԭص˭УȥԺҹܼңŹܼתһȦܼŻˣæ
ոˣ¡ѹŮ˵ӣΡ
ԺӸ˻һ죬ҹڰޣ˵Ļ忪ʼԺ濴ȥʼţԭ˵
ԭˣ˱ŵȥϢ߰ˡ
һ裬ȴֻǶᡣ
һҹԭʹ壬ƽܿھ˵ةฮȥһδ֣ûнȥˡ
šԭøȥƽˡ
忴ԴˣǴһ£ֻǺºأʲôûУֻɴ¡
ԭȥ⣬һ
ȥةฮ˳Զ͸סˡ
һǸպþͶˣʽǽģ͵ҲǣǲܸģղܸſڣԭˣҲûǰ׼
ԭ˵˭ҵûôҪˣÿ
ü
ԭЦ£Ըƿӣ˭
ʽȷʵǾģĶһС˼ţϳĳʽҲˡ
ڿǺܻģƽʱֻоķ˲ġ
ԭʣ˭ôĵӣҲ
һǽ͸ںˡ
ǾС㣬ȥʹģȻ뿪
ʽ˵ԭʣʩʩô
嵹ԭɱˣ֪˭ƱͿ
󵨣ǺˣֱҼС䣡С˺ţƱѰһ£ûҵֱȥ⣬˳ʽޱȥͳ˳飬ɽ׸ıƣԭƢһûġ
ֻԭһӴС˵СϣСûվȱʽæŻͷŵò᣺
ϳһѳӣ洫ʩʩҽеԭūţ㼸ңƽϣ㾹˲ʵڿձĿȫǣ㻹Ҳᣡ
ʩʩôҲû뵽ƻˣ˲Ĵмܲס˳ԭһ·򣬾ʩʩȫʹſڵɪɪ
ңǻϴͻĽˣƾʲôңʩʩģתԭԭޣ˼
ĸ
ƽܣʩʩܵĿԭ갲ƺƽܵ龩ǲ˶֪ʩʩһˡ
ԭһЦüô
ôǲǺܲƽôϲ㣬ȴҪȢҡʩʩܵ⣬Ϊ˵õƽܣѾƸˣϧȥҪЮİѱֻܴӦ
(δ)

ڰ˰ ŭʩʩ

ԭЦЦƽܱ࣬ϵģػǺͿˣˣֻЬ
ԭӣžʩʩкȥľʩʩҽڵϴ
ҵǿôסԭһٶ򣬾ʩʩһϢѾƤ
뵽ʲôԭͷϵһھʩʩϵһ£ʩʩ̲ҽͷһͣ۾ûˡ
ԭָųʽǸСˣǰƣȥ߾̫ҴģϽȻû꣡
£ھʩʩԴϣưʩʩ۵Ĳҽһ˹ȥΧŵӰܶܵòӰˡ
忿￴ԭԭ
ԭӵʽԺ˭ҵŽ͸ײ
˵ԭȥةฮһȥˣֱȥ¥ա
Ӻ˹ȥ
Ůǧ˭Ǳ飡
ةฮſڣԭȥͨүƽܣƽܷƵľܳˡ
һ£˰죬ʱЩģһĴ̨
ߵԭǰԭ㣿
ԭЦ绨Ȼ֪
μң˵ˣҾ֪ˣͣ㣬ȴһˣϵˣ֪ƽ˵ᱼ޵
ԭָ̧˲᣺ް㲻˵ж᲻ᵯô
δĴҿ޹ٴΣôƽһѱסԭʹʧ
ϴʱˣ廹ǲ
ǲҪҪ˵ԭƿƽܡ
ƽܿһ۹壬ԭƣҪô
ɫıѹסġ
λദЩӵģ˵Ҫʺ󣬿Ǽˣԭʵƽҡͷ
ûҼ㲡ظҴţ˵Ǵʱ޶࣬Ҫȥһ㱻µ˴⣬˵ûʥּܽȥ
ƽܺΣԭ˵Ҵȥߣ
סƽ֣ܵԭΧ˿ةฮ˵ǣ
ܼҲҲȥǣԭ۹壺үȥһ˳⣬ջ
˵귭ñӿϣ˵ƽܣϣ
ƽһԾ䵽ԭ󣬱סԭסһݣ
ɱȥһ£׷ȥ
ةฮĹܼŵòᣬæ˻ȥة࣬үˡ

үˡ
ԭһ·ƽܳǸ֣ѾˣƱ㽫ñժǹµĹùøһƣ
µĹùϵðƣŵæŹ򵹵ϣԭû뿪һ˹ȥߵĹùõڵӲǲ
ԭߣӣš
ùҲʮˣûôˣæţȫѾɪɪ
ԭ˵һūţر߹صĽƽǹˣ۸ˣ
˭ĵӣ
˵һѴȥùſڵϣԭΧңϵı
ΧµĶ˹Ҫԭָȥ˻󽫾֮ɽ֮Ůƣȵ·ϣձڣ
ʮŵˣһæŹ¸ԭͷ
Ͽԭȴ
ǶȲͬҲͬԭôô˳ۣôô˳ۡ
忴ԭƾһˣϵļʮ˴˸飬µĹùڵϱһϢԭŰݡ
תԭƽܱȥ˴ֵ棬ٽ̨ǵǰô嫣ǵӰôС
ʹӣҪӴһȥʲô
ߵµĹùǰͣ˵ǻòͷˣȻȥ棬ߣ
¹ùŵɪɪסҲҵ¡
ûȥ档
ԭƽʺľʺɨԺӣϴһɫ£ƽܿƳӰ̳˽ȥ㣡
Ƴһ£תƽܣ԰ݵûб飬һɨ㣬һִ񣺡ӷ𣡡
㣡ƽ̲סɨӵһߣƳ̧δʲô顣
˵ƶ
㣬㲡ˣ
ƶأһжʩع
㣬Ҵ߰ɣȥ߹ء
ƳҡͷԭֵҲˣ

ԭδ˵ʺǸ߸ϴˣƽܼҵ￴񣬵ûļ
ʩأƶỹҪƳɨתȥɨԺӣƽȥôסƳҲûӦ
ԭվһᣬȥµţƽܸƳߣһʼܽżҲѧŷ£æɨԺӡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ ү޴

ƳˣȥԲǱˣԭҲ໥ûԷֻǿƽɨԺӣͷ󺹣ԭæȥæ
ƳߣƳ壬ſڵʩôʱ˴
ˣȻҪģɩɺã
嵹ˮʼˮǱˣʱҲҵµźŹƳ
ƳĬãѲɩǻ
ڱԶǱĻɩұĻɩֻһһ㱾δҡ
ɩԹһˣɩˣտʼԹ޻ɩɩ֪ΪΣ
Ƴķ飬Ų⡣
ɩСʱĸæںܶ飬ǻɩűģСĺܣҲȥǵǴٽҪһ棬㲻档
ȥ˻˻˸ʹ͸̫ƿƿ̫İ֮ȻҪĸѡ
Ǳȥһɩɩ˵Ҫ˯Ȼˣ˵ٽﲻϤܵ˻ȥ̫ƿ
ٽȴˣĸѻɩɩԩһ١
̫ˣѾǵˡ
쵹һ£ͻ飬żǵãСʱ򣬻ɩͺܻŵġ
ɩĸȻɩһֱĻϲ⣬ɩԱȴûмӺ֮ģһ㣬Ǹúúøмġ
Ƴһӷ𣬱㲻˵ˡ
˲˵ɩȥ
Ƴҡҡͷʩ˵Цˣȥ֮ջƻһȥ
ɩ޹
Ƴò˵ȥˣ
˲裺ȥҲãˣɩƹŷΪɡ
Ƴȥ޻˵
ƽܺԭɫԭҪ£Ҳûߡ
ҹƽԭȥʺ󣬹Ժ￴
ﴫƵȻתȥ
ʺǺ£ϼģڻʢҪҩҽڻҪʺĽᣡ
˵ʱ򣬹ƿŽȥ۰ƣŹϣЬȥ˰ߣ漴ϯض
æȥס˰Ƶ֣ðƲܷſ
ƽܿȥȻã֪ⲻԭҲûѹ
ǰԵŰƵǰҪˣʱǲôҪˡ
ҩ裬ƳÿһΣһţӿĺܣ˱㲻õҲǲܸΣฮʣةǰƶҲֻʣ´󽫾ٽˣɽڣûգܻͷġ
㵱ѾаƳ׻ǿѯʡ
ʺҲǶˣֻǱɱ˫ۣϧߵˣϵﻹлʺġ
±Ȼˣȥϵ۶ҲĵģּѾ˵Щ
ʺֻһЦƶѾţ޹ϵˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
ƽܽҹҪտƳƸŹסķ
Ź˹ȥƱŵˡ
үžأɲܺ
һڣͣˣ̧ͷŰǱ߿ȥһƣֵ˿ûз񣬵ͷһڰơ
ûһۣүԹҰ˹uôԹˣ
ĺĺƴᱧ𣬽˷ŵϣ׼ϴϢ
˵ɲУԭûߡ
Ȼ£ûô
ţճһҪʺ󿴲Ҫүԭƽܳ׵顣
ʱˣУԭѾˣףӣ
߲ѣɫѿ
εֻʽϵĳףҲ˵ĵطȥ֪ģ˵үͻʺ֤
뱾ͻɩ֤ܣ
һھܾˡ
Ҳ޻˵ֻڴϳĬ
忴Ƶˣ뿴Щ˵飬Ϊ˹֣˳ˣƿͬ⣿
ҡͷҲǿˡ
үǲ˯ɣˡ˵Ϣȥˡ
Щ޴룬ӦҲܴӦ㣬֪Ǻˡ
һʱ˯ˣ˾ûĵģȥŰ˯
ưס˵һ˶ԣֻ벻ǷǣҶѡ
һԱԣһӦһӵħ䣬ñʵԭˣһƾ͵ƽܣ
̾Ϣˣүԩԭˣ
ԩҪƽ˽ȥҹͣĸ·ҹͣĿţ
үظҹͣĸ·Ϊʱղ࣬·ϣѵүһֱֻүôֻǾǷƽܵģ˱ˣү
һʱ䰲嵽˵ˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ ƽܳ

˯ĺܰݣ΢΢Ʊˣͷȥװƣ㿴ԭЩãȻ
һ뿪ˡ
ŵĿͨ
ԭţү
뿪ԭģȥȡ
ȥԭ
緹ʱһֱĸꡣ
ԭȴ˵Цĺƽ˵ƽܸвˣˡ
Թ緹ԭȥ˺ɽƽҲ뿪һˣ˶ˡ
ɽһƬӣԭǱߵȣﴵ磬Ƿ磬ԭŹ壺үйһϲ
ߣɫãԭЦˣתɽǱߣƽ
վһᣬ˵ȥȷʵãҲ䲻ϱֻûԵ֡
ԭת壬үԸ⣬֮ǰ޸㣬̣Ը⣿
ҡͷԸ⡣
ԭδֻ鿴Ź壺үҶһ֣֮ҰȥˣҲûүů
ӥҲƵģɷӥǰӽƣơ
ҲΪˣңǰҲˣҲԸƱǰӡ
аЦܶˣ
үʯͷ治ȣ
ԭߵǰ˵үҲңүԼΪκ鱳Ѹ顣
ԭָϸ˿֪Ƕҩ֪ẦңһԸ޸㣬޺
ҿɱټˣȻҪ㡣
ԭת۽ʪˣһ̧ͷŲԶƽ˹ȥƽܡ
ƣҰѶˣͻҲǵǱȥǱиεĵط
ƽܸͿ壬ԭǺһߣ̸˹ȥ
ַſҲ·Ҫ·ھʹߡ
ƽſԭԭ˵ˣǾ
ԭ·ĴϣڴãƽҲæŴ·
·ãƽܱ̲סЦ
ԭ׼ȥһ߰ء
ԭżĲУҲ֪ôˡ
ƽæŰã˰ԭסƽ֣ܵƽܡǷޣ֪ұû㣬ҲҲúõĻţ뵽Żججұвʡ
ҴӦ㣬ãҾȥ㡣
ʳˣ
һһ㣬㣬μתͶ̥ȥˣҲģԸһȥͶ̥ƽܣһȥúûţҲһҪúõĻš
㻹ǵô˵ҪΪҵĴ󽫾Ҫҡ
ƽܣϣΪ󽫾ô
ƽҲоԭļȥͷģһΪ󽫾Ҳߣһ㣬һҵת㣬ޡ
ԭҡͷҪñˡƽܣҺϲһҰѾԻҲڣ£ҿ֡
ҺɵݣҾ˿Ĵϣϵ˿Ҷݡ
ı䣬ѾİŮϣұѾģҲҪңֻҸǵŮӱá
ԭͷƽ͵ֻӣƽܣҪˣһж㣬ĪĪ֪֪ĪӴĪǷ
ҲҪҪ㡭ƽЩԭѾ֧Ųסˣͷһ۹壬ȥ
˹ȥ˸ոմԭ۾̱ȥһѱס§ڻ
ƽܷŹ壬˵ӣſ
ƽܳŹͰƿܹȥŭ𣺡ÿ
ƽסƱˡ
ƽȥѾŰ뿪ˡ
Ӵֳ忴棬ǰ档
ôڣ
ƽ֪ͨҡƣ˷£ӥ뿪ˡ
һΣƱˡ
Ͽƣơ
һ򰲽Сƻûߣ̫Ҳ̫ˣҾ죬ǲ֪᲻Ầ
˵
ɫ԰ףĵŮ
˵С˵ģоҪȥͶ̥ˣҪˣ᲻ɢ
Ͱһ˲˵ˡ
Ҳš
ŮҲ۰ƣ˵úЪţҪȥƽܣȥӪ棬С⺢Ƣ꣬һͰѾʩʩԴ򿪻ˣ̫ڽվˣ˵ǸǸģѾ˻ϣѾǷˡ
¿ǲ飬ǲôⲻǳ˶ô
˼һ£Сǰ͵һء
˵⣬֮ǰΪԭǸˣʵˣֻǺôƽһЩ
㻹ЦĳԽԽˣȥƽܣ˳ʺ󡣡
š
ֱӴȥҲͣ¾
ƻЩģѾӰˡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ ʥ

﹬彫ȥס˵
̧ͷ壺үǲǲ
ЩƸӳףˣսֱۣ˵ҪˣȷʵҲ
үҪΣ
Щ鲻ܸı䣬ҲΪ
үȢ
ֻһӣȢ
ͷһ°ƣ㲻ڶԡ
Ҳ˵
˻صϢһ죬ȥû֪ǻˣһҹ˴ϾͿʼ࣬ϻû
ΪˣƲȥϢ
Ʊʹ
㣡ƻϿĹӣûĿһ۹壬ǲҪ
ȻһϣȴĺܣӳȥԸ׼ʳŰȥš
˲ŲæĴӽ뿪˴󱦱ǣ˱ˣȥƽ
ƽ˺ܶ࣬˰׷
ƿƽŷӦȥƽôˣƽȴ˵ֻվͷ
ƽôˣƽķ˿
˵ƽ˾ˣԭȻܳԵ㶫ӰԲȥˣҲԶżҸŪһˮǿһ㣬ҲôţӣҲ˵ôˡ
ܸҽ͹ҽˣûû취˹еĺҽҽҲ޲ߣƽȲȥұҪƽ˵û£ҲҪ˵ҿǼˡ
סƽ飬ƽȴûĲá
ԺˮȴԴȱٶӪʣŻ
ƽȥţһ£ǿƽתȥԺǱߣ͸ƨһŰƣ±ư¡
Ҳûʱܰҩȥƽƽһ롣
ƽ˵š
˵ϴҽƽٳЩһ˵һ£ı⡣
ƽȥ̾˿οأ
ƿˣŸŹĸҽרſƽ
ϵۿŰƳƬ̣ſ壺ǵˣôıˣյͷ飬֪ô飬ޣǹصġ
Ƶͷֻ˵ܾһôϹģ
޻ϵ㣬ĽأȢ˸޶Ҫõˡϵ̨׵Ƶǰͣϸơ
δŮۣӦú񣬴ŮǸˡ
лϳĸʡƱϹϾ
ϵһЦ㲻ٸ޹ˣֻҪȥɣ˵ãҲܲˡ
лϡò¹ء
ȻͷδĴ⡣
ϵ۶һᰲƣ壺أûô
˵ˣϡ
ϵûĿһۣҲ㲻ϡҪǻˣϡˡ
ϵתȥ˿ƣȻĹ֮񣬵޲㷸û˷ȡ
˵޴˾ʩʩд£
СƵȻ
ΪΣ
ųҪһ֮´ˣû뵽ûҪ֪ûҾˡ˵ں
ϵ۵ˣⲻǶô
ǳȥһΣôѵͷйô޷ˣ˻ôţ
ϣȷʵӦ÷ʩʩʲôǣҪƣǵʱƲ֣ᱻ˵ǰײôɰƴҲҪСӣ
СӣϵЩЦǱ˵޲ǰҲ˵ȥ
Ǹˣ
ûС
ϵۿƣһС
ǲͳˣĮȻ
ϵģڻԲѣԴͷһ
޲˵ˡ
ϵһӡ
ƺ͹嶼ûӦϵ۸
˵ô죿ϵŭ
صİҪ˿ظ棬ⰸû˿ظ棬ͷαҪʡ
ΣĻ̫ŮĻʴ㲻Ҳ˵õˣȴһ֪ĶŮ׷򣬷˱ҲǾȡ
ϵʱ򣬾ѹ̹˳˸ӡ
檲μϡٻ뿪幬ڰƿ˿һɫӳﱧѾסСð⡣
μȵ
û˵
˵ؿ
ϵ۵ŮȥŮ˹ȥĺ
ǲ븸ˣϵŮʲôûˡ
ĸĿţĽ˼ҡ
˼ŮûС
ƶоˣ忴˼Ů񣬶Ľʺ޵ġ
ŰƵͷֳŹͷ塣
岢δ˵ϵ۱̧ͷ
(δ)

ڰ˰ ֮ŭ

˵㶼ôļӣϵۿߵλãɡ
лϡ
л˱ȥˣĿ⿴ŮǱߡ
ƺȻʶӮ˵˭ˡ
ȴ̡ܻ
ϵۺˣǸˡ
Ů뵽ϵ۱ȻĽġ
ԼŮ϶ϲ谮Ȼóˡ
ʩʩӣȻǾĹϵֻǰƲǺףʩʩˣɵӣΪʲô;ʩʩһ
ϧʩʩѾ£ȻĻʡ
ͷȥô
СҲ̫ˣУҪ¶
ʩʩҲǹˣ
ô˵ǴˣѾҪҹ˵£ȻǾʩʩԵʣҲǺܲϲʩʩͻ飬ҲΪѣѾɹףǸˣ޺Ρ
˵ǣƽˣҪҲһʱͿӦˡ
û뵽ûͱˡ
Ϊǲ޸ٽͻŴˣǸᡣ
ϣԭͲã޻ϱӦˣһֱܣô˵ٽҲǽĵܵܣʩʩȻãȴ䲻ٽ
ǲ˵ƶмֱ񷴶ֶûˡ
òˣ°ɡǰ˵ѾԼǹеŮˡ
˵˲ˣҪȥллհɡ
ϵĻŮ˵ƽֵܴ飬Ҳˣ
˵ûУˣЩ˲֪˭ָʹȻƽȥʺ󣬻ʺӪÿأƽǰȥЩūžȻҪˣһ֮½˴ˡ
³ҪϣүѾ²ˣ׼ʡ
ǻʼҵԺʺǻϵķޣȻѾ䷢УϾһ֮ĸôζԴ裬ʵ˷ŭ
죬˵ã
һԴ䣬ϵͣһ£ʺˣ
ǣ
ҪԲã
ǣ
ϵ۰ѻĹȥ
Ƶǰʣ˵Ŀʵ
ү֤ƽܣǻϲţҵҵҲ֪¡
ϵ۳ĬˣȷʵùܹܣʺȥģȥܷģԵĲãҪķˣ
ǡӦʡ
ȥ飬˭ô޷죡
֪ˡ
ϵת׼ȥ˼ͣ£תƣþ̫ȥǸд£
ϣһʱ̫Ҳûȥ
ô˵ȥˣ
֪
ҧ˲ϡ
ϵۿһ᣺ĸҲþûˣȥɣĸ˼ɼˡ
ϵ˵ȥˣƺ͹˱뿪ˡ
ŰҿȥС̫࣬С̫಻СӣƱˣҲû˵ʲô
ȥ﹬ŰƵ֣ڹ￴²ʹһˡ
үĸһ򶼺õģΪʲôˣƲţ岻֪Щ¡
ھǣôûЩô
齻˶ô֪Űֱ﹬﹬ǰС̫࣬ͰƷ׷¹
岢δᣬֱӽȥ
ƻûԵ
ǵ̫ôȥǺãҽҩôҲã
˵ģ㿴һ쵽üӣ˾
̫ǿڴͷţϵķۣЩϢ
̫Ҫ۰Сӱɣ̫˸ˡᵽ
̫ҡҡͷȣӲãǹϲɣ˵ˣҲûأ
̫ǰЩӹˣҲû
ƺ͹վһ߿ţūǷ׷¹򣺡μ
̫һ£Ťͷһߣ˵Ƹĸ밲
ɻˣūμ
ˡȥ̫󣬰Ƹ˹ȥ°ס̫ɨ̫塣
갲ƿ壺ӺӪ
ʲôû壬Ӫ
ס̫һֻ֣ɨ裬ȷʵӪҲ֫ľήңж
ɿֿ̫ţĸ󣬶ϱĸ۾
̫ϣƿ۾쿴һ¡
˵үⲡ֣˵гԵĲӪ
š
忴ϵĹǣԸĸĴŮĴ֣˵չ˲ܣȫԼ̡

﹬һһٶˣȫ
һ£˵̫屧չ˲ܣ
ǣ
ȥ Ʊ㿴棬Сѻ˽ֽʣдֽСѻϣСѻ˳ȥ
ڹյϢȥҩ䡣
̰Χ˳﹬﹬ȫϳȥնס
(δ)

ڰ˰ 

幬
̹޵ĲУҲʼˡ
ô嶼ãŮҲļ٣æܵ˾ǰС޸Ҳ֪ôˣôȥô찡
սȴºͣСӣ´ףǻˣ
Ůѹ̹Ļźȥ
ʱŴ⡣
幬ܽ
ŻŵģôˣȻʵ
Ů£̫ūŶϳȥˣ˵̫ˣչ˲ܡ
ŻĹ̹ʲôҲչ˵ģȥϣ˵һֱޣ岻ˡ
ǡŮæˣȥһĻš
ҩ䣬﹬ͿһЩ˱ߣ޺š
ѹȥ̳
ҩ͵ƽаҪ뿪ſڵţĲˡ
Ƹ̫Ѫ׿ʼ顣
ҩ䶼бŵģм򵥼ġ
̫˵ȥ̫ǰЩӲˮˣ֪ʲôԭǻԣѾˡ
֣Ϊζû˵
֪Σ̫߲Ҳû
忴۰ƣƣȥ
үȥɡר飬˰ֵȥ̫ߣһЩ⡣
һжúõģûʲô̫֮֡ԾǲˣΪԼҲǲˣҪǲˣôˡ
ƿ˿棬ʵʲôĸʲôζ
ʲôζ̫Χţ޹ɡ
أָָ̫ȥڴ̵ҵһңЩ
ִ򿪣ûʲôζ
תȥõˮ
ǡ
ˮưӵˮһЩ֬ˮˮƯš
ȡһ㣬ʼоʵоҲѾʲôˡ
ҲɡˣһŵĻл̫ߵĹŮǣˡ
̫Ҫסڳ﹬ߣĸǱ˵
̫˵ɣⴲ̲Ǵúôһסĵĺܣ̫Ҳ˵ˡ
̫ǿߵöһ㾫ûС
Ҳ̫ˣ¡
¾Ϳһ߿ţ໥һۣǱߡ
ߵʣʲôأ
ү˵ʬôժףʹ塣
ɫأǲ֪йذɣǱйƶҲһЩаʬ˵
ͷʣˡת̫ʣĸ˭ģ
Ǿ̫̫ص
ͰƶƬ̣˵ʬʲôʬͣҿһ飬˵ֻ˵ʬͲܽʳ񣬶ɢҹζ࣬˾񲻼ѣĸΪЩŶԡ
˶ıĸ󣡡ɫ֮ǰЩԹ̫󣬱뵽ĸġ
̫ʣʬͣ
ӦǣҲʬͣͲģ˵ˡ
һڣڳĹ˶²ѡ
֪Ŵ˾ˣʱţĴڣȻҲ¹
̫ʣô˵̫ŵˣ
㵹Ǿƣ̫
̫ԸȰݼߵ̫ǰ̫Ǻ̫һ
жˡ
ж̫̫
ʣˮô£
ū˵ɡ
κߵƵǰƵͷκ˵ɡ
̫ҪȥɢģǱȥ˻԰ʱ̫˵ںϿһЩӰ˵Ȼʡ
Ȼȥ˺Ǳߣ̫֮ѣӲ˵ȻںϵȥסȥūŻˣ̫˵ȻʵҪȥȻʾˡ
κ˵ſ̫û˵濴Ȼˣǲţֿ޿ģЦ
̫ʱǸӣƿŻ̫̫ˡ
һ˵Ůӣһͬĵģѣ
㵽׿û̫ͷ
̫ˣҲܹȥôȻʾںϣȥ֮ǰûб仯ڵңң
̫ſȻʣĺ
̫Ȼ˵ô£
̫ʰƣ˵ǻþ
þ̫ͻ̫ͬ
Ƶͷûǻþ̫Ķһ˲ĶǶ߶ڻȡģ˾ͻƵΣμһЩл뵽ģСС˵ʶ
μһЩ£Ҳῴ뿴ġ
ڻһҸĸ˵͡
(δ)

ڰ˰һʮ С֮ɵ

̫˵Ǿ̫ģ̫ôжģⶾһθ𣿡
ӦòǣһߵˣÿιʳȻͻʧȥЧӦⲻĶҩֻƵҩ
̫ʹ壺أ
ˣ嵭Ȼһ㶼ôʲôԡ
̫ʰƣôΣ
ֻҪҩžԣһ¼ͻָһ㣬˾ͻû¡
ǾͿҩɡ
̫Ըˣ׼ҩ̫˵ˣȻãҵá
˶ˣһģû̫꣡ɫҪˡ
̫תȥҲܣҲΣҾ
˵̫ǵֻҪȻʵӣϱεģҪô룬Ե˼ҹΣܻȥ飬ҹξͻεΣǽסҩʼȷʵʱ̫ͻ־ˣһֲλʵǵλجΡ
̫μȻȻŤ
̫ȥæŲ˲ҹμȻʺڻ԰ɢһ磬ȻתһƬ˫ҵĲӣѱҺκֽ˱
ȻԼԼԼ
̫ȥ֣ˣβǻ˲ɣ
̫ί˲᣺κòȻʾͻã
ȻƿԱ֤
ΰɡ̫ͬ⡣
ƿҩȥҩ
̫̫ȥ壺үɱôˣ»Ϲô
Ӳˣɱûõū쾭飬ūݽ棬ѵǵһ֪
ˣɱˣǲҲ
ƣЩ²һΪһʲôɡ˵꿴򺣹
Ϊλߺ˶ˣ
æŻأǰЩӣϵӡ¶һöȻǣС Сǻߵˣйϵļȴǣ˽ȥǳ﹬ͻ幬ܵǣ˲ˡ
˭İӣʵ
˵󹬵ƹܣ¡
Сأ
Ѿɵˣ
ΣūžˣֵǮ˵ɱɱˡ
ɱˣ
ǣɵˣѺˣǱ߿صĹ˵˾ͺ򣬶˾ͳʺ
ȥСӣر
תˣҲӦˣСǵذ
ʣô
֪忴򺣹һˣȥͶҪ̫ϹҲ
ǡ
ȥ棬ȥҩ
ϵ˵ɱ˲ˣ˳﹬߿̫̫
ɡ̫Сǰߡ
̫˵𱧹ˣв̫жˣС¡
ǡ棬ϵǰ
ĸˣ
Щˡ
̫أ
û£лϹˣȥţˣСȥ
û¡ϵ۶ЩڣŹ忴ȥˣ
˵±˿ˣûб߶ϺҲˡ
֪ˣҹܴĺܡ
š
ˡ
š
Űݼȥ˻̫Ǳߣ̫Ըһߣ¡
˺Ͷ̫ߣ̫Ϲһ
Ҳҩ̫ͻ̫ȥ
ˣ̫׼µı죬Щ͵һȥȵˡƷԸˣȥͻ̫ȥһߵţ˺ҩȵĺ̫ܲˡ
˶ˣСӣСѾģˣ޹ǣһѬ죬һŴҶס˱ӡ
ūŲμ̫̫ϣүСӹˡ
˵治ôˮϴϴɡ
ǡ
Сӿ޿ĳȥˡ
ƿȥæɾ·ϡ
ǡ
ɫǺܺãһûһµŻŮһ󷢻š
СӽţѾɾ࣬ͷҲˡ
һ߶Ŷĵط봵˴ˣһ뽪
æȥˣСӲ˲᣺ūû͵ӡ£Ҳ֪ӡϣūԩ죡
ϴ㣬ô˵ϵŭ
Сӿ˵ΪвūţҪūųϣūҪǲϣͰūŵĵﶼɱūź£
޸ʲôϵһɫ
Ϸ˵ϢŭСҲСһЩϲҪƽˡ
ϵŲ˵ˣǲˡ
Сӿ˵ūûӡ£СǼҲҵĺıǶǱԩģϣūûã
ûãôϣϵŭ
(δ)

ڰ˰һʮһ ̫ҽԺ

ϵҪˣûӣ참ӣѰӸԩ
ŶСӸʵ۵Ĳ˵װɵ
ϵ۱ʶۣܲŭ
СӹӵϵĿͷϣūŲңūż˵
ھͲˣϵӣһϵ̬Ҫ˹̹һŵð
ϵæȥŮĺ
СǺϲľͲˡ
ϵۿȥȥ󡣡
СŹڹǰ˵ӡµ飬žһֻźϣ˵ϵӡôʣˣһأ
֪ӡ²ˡ
ûҵҲˣСӵ˳
ԭҲһӡ£СҪǳҲͳˣ˭Ҳû뵽һ飬ﻹĶˣСӵҲ鵽ˣʹһ飬֪ôˣСӾ˵Сӡ
Сһ¾ײһֱײײͷѪʼ˵˵ˡ
Ҫϳȥնɱˣ˵˶ˣɱҲû˼͸ӵˡ
Сӿ˵ūû͵ϣūŶԲסϣūźūųɣūŴС칫ūŵĸɵūūš
ūŸСӼֵܣū֪ȲѣūҲ֪һ˵ˣūžǲģǺūš
Ǹвūţū˵ūŲ˵
ū˵ˣūҪˣϣǹߵˡ
˵ʲôϵ𾪣Сӿ۰ƣ֪ãȥţСѾתײӣһûӵһǣֱײ档
˾ˣ
ȥ˾Ͳϡ
建²뿴ûжΡ
ˣ幬ߵȫѺϼӿʡ
ǡ
ȥ죬򵹵ϣϣ

ϵžϣϣ檹Űɣúò飬µ檾;òףһݽȥˡ
ûޣ̫һ̫ȥ¡
̫ϳ
ʲôɣ̫˰֡
̫ϡ
ȥʣ̫̫һңǸģΪʲôҪ̫ң
̧̫ͷһ£ȷʵиңϳ˸ϷģԵģǰʱϳ̫ЩͰҸ̫󣬳жʱ䷸˰Ҹ˳ȷʵˣǱɣǶ˸ϳ˵ġ
ƴףҸ̫͵ǰ̫Ҫߣÿ˵
ƶ£ž̫˵̫úÿǲԭģúţǲԭȵζ
̫ͷ˵ӡ
Ѽ˹Ƽ̫˵ãҿ棬֪ǲˣʱڱϡ
̫ϸһ᣺ǣƿһǶģǻвϣ˵޻ˣҶҲԡ
ƿ̫󣺡̫󣬸ˣ
ǿŰɡ̫󿴾̫ˣɣһˡ
ȥž̫̫ȥ¡
̫£Ȳ裬滹ꡣ
Ż̫֣ĸôЩԣ
ûſĸ˵ǹȥô
˹ȥ˵̫жˣԺ˵ʰɡ
ƻȥ£޵ֻоš
ϵ˵ɣ˵Ļˣ

󣬰ֵˣôô꣬治
²룺˰ѵﲻסĸ̫Ƽƫ
̫󡭡ȥʣ̫ۻ̫̫
һҲš
ߵ·ʣֶΣͲô
ס塭
תĻ壬ĻɩֻһˣڴΪ
塭ϵûһ۹塣
˵㣬ĺĺ
תȥֻܸں棬ȥƫһƬ̿ʽ幬ˣڹ⡣
⣬Ŀһ󷢺
ƫ˽¯ŵϣ̫̫ϣ˷ߣƸ£ЩүӲ
һΪѣȥ棬㡣
뿪Ӻ굽ȥڰţʱ䣬и˴ӹ˽űȥ˺ɰǱߣȥúɰ
ƿһ۹壬öӵԷϣԷͣ£㽩ֱˡ
Ƹųȥ
߽˶ԷȥǸŮѣȴǸ۲۵̫࣬ñƿǸˡ
һ£үô̫ҽԺˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰һʮ ǣ˸

С̫Ѿŵ۵¶Ѫ˿̫ҽԺǰС̫࣬ʮ£㣬Ǹµˣƾ͸棬ȻûнӴȴӡ
ү̫ҽԺҲ̫࣬רģʡ
̫ҽԺо̫̫ҽԺ̫ҽ£ҲΪں߷㣬̫ҽԺҲдС͵ǱߵС̫࣬һ㶼ύҽѡΪһЩ㣬ᴫһЩҽࡣ
֣ô˵̫ҽԺ£
˵
忴һС̫̫࣬ҽԺĸҽ£
С̫ŵǱѨˣǼⶶ
ʣ㲻˵
С̫ྪ״ȴϵĻӦ
忴ˣ˵үĽŮѾйˣһУ˵ԭٵ¹ٵжݣСк⣬ڣûٵٵŻ
һжΪ˸ٵڶ
Σ͵ݺǺʵָ˹˸
ƿǰС̫ࣺأ
忴ȥϼӿ򣡡
ǡ
˴ȥ֣үû취ʣ
С
忴۵ϵĶҪϵңס״ãҷŵ棬뿪﹬ȥĵط
ӻϵĵʼһֱҵ幬ȻѾ˿صٵ¹ҵͬĲϣҾľĴ档
ӭŴص﹬ƫһžͿһ˿ˡ
ƴһֽɡһ̣ˮǸң˫ֳһӣŰƺ͹ˡ
Ϊ裬Ѿˮˡ
ıҲʪ͸ˣӵϣ˵ոĸץһˣ̫ҽԺˣǸС̫࣬͵ߡ
̿ĸ̫˴γ£Ҿǻ󣬶¶йϵ
ưӵϣ䵽ϣҲˣҪϸ޻Ĳҵ˿Һͱӣ׹˼
ǳԱӵһǣɲҲ
̫ᶼˣҲһֱţţһʱҲãҲҪʱ䡣
ˣܴ¡̫ȥţ̫˿Ҳȥš
ϵĸȻҪϢ޵ɡ
ˣ˵ͳˣ¼ȻѾǣ˹˸Ǳߣǻϲٹ˸ǱߵˣոհʳŮܹٵĶݣҪΪٵ
˵ĻһŮҲ޷óӣǣôˣǹ˸Ҳ֧£ٹ˸ɡ
ϵߣ˲Ѿãˣǣ˽ǽ
ʱȷʵ˹ˡ֡
ϵĲ᣺Ǿʹٹˡ
ϵۻȥ£ʱɫԽã۾㲻ڴˡ
岻ãѾµˣԴľ޲Ժµÿ£Ҫ볯Ϊ٣ȴޱ֮ˣ볯Ϊһûжǰ̣飬Ҳ¡
ԴŮûˣһһǧɣ¶Ů֮ģЩ飬㿪ʼ³ԲѾãз磬˵Ҳմ걻빬ивõҪ·ϴһ˵˳﹬ƫŲˣŅ̀Žĳ﹬
̫ԭ˯һᣬ񿴵£ˡ
²أ̫ʣôˣ
˷æ˵ϴ٣е֮
̫鼫ĸ˭Ĵ
ȥּ̫˷˴ɷȥϴһ£ˡ
Ƶƣࡣ
Ҳ·ȥ˵Ǻܾȣǣ
˷æ˵˴ľߺ㲻ãǰзˣһֱ
˷˵žޡ
סµɨ裬з磬˥ߣһѪܼ
ϸ˿£ܻŻǲס
ⲡᣬˣԺһȥ˸
лĴ¹˸û˷̲ס
ƹ۲죬ס˷˵֣ɨ裬òŷſ˵ĲҲᣬҪԺÿһЩ
治֪ôлл㣬ȥǹ˸㲢ãȴǰӰǣǡ
˲ˣǴֻǻβˣֻǰŮɣľҵѣѾˣԵΪ
˵ȥһߣҲ·ʱް飬һĮ
˵ջϴٹǰΪǰЩӹӡ¶ʧһ£ʱǣ˹˸Ű£ϣ
һº͹˷˵סˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰һʮ 

˷æŹ£̫󣬹˸Ǳֵַģ̫ɲŲԣ
±ܣɡ
̫ʱҲˣ᲻񣬰ƽҩȥ̫󣬷㣬ҩ̫󣺡ĸ󣬺¡
̫ſ죬Ƹȥ̫ʩ룬̫ۣƷ¡
̫ţע̫Щӡ
ǲϲ̫ģȻϲȻҪŮ˲̫󣬲Ȼô᲻ʺֻǹأ
ֲ̫
̫ıӣ˸ǡ
̫˵İɣ˵ģʱһġ
⻰˵ģûûأᣬҲЩıˡ
ߣ
£̫̫š
̫֣ôô
ĸ󻹺ãƾ̫ǿºЩŲסˣʱпȥ
뿪
忴ſڣаϽŮѾĿȫǣ±ȥһߣŮſڵϣѵ˷ǰˡ˾ң
˷˴ʧɫ㡭˭Ҳʶ㰡
ˣ˾ҡ
Ůһ޲ǡ
̫۵һĨ⣬ȥѱϵ͵Ůǰ£ϵô
Ůæץסң˷˿ˣҵңҪ滻̫Ұǵôˣ
˵ʲôʲôʱҪ㻻ˣǸʲôҶ֪˷һ󾪻ţ֪ʲôˣЩңæĺ˼
ŮȫѪ϶ӳŹ˷˹ȥҪҪƵġ
˵ɰǹ˷˸ģ˭Ѳϸ˷˵֪֪ʡ
Ů˵ǹ˷ׯġ
ôһŲŮѪܵԴϣҧҧȥŮȫ
㣬ҵĲǽֻйϵ˲ã˵ǹ˷˸ģŲţ
ǡǡŮӲдıš
뿪¶Ѫߵǰʣô£
Ҳ£ǱŮ£ֻǱ治֪ô£졣
Ůϣʳ
Ȼ˵Ȼࡣ뿪ϵŮ˿Ѿͣˡ
漴Ըϳȥ
ߣ忴Ʋ
ϵ۸˸ӣӽϵۣ̫˸ӣתŹȥ⡣
ϵ۱ŻСһΣǱߣƵǾã¡
岻ɱ˰ɣ
һԺ⣬ɪɪ
ȫѪˮ幬˶ڵϣ˵ˡ
صˣȦת
ֶδ̫ˣǺ֮аʡ
忴ȥȻǺͽ幬йأȻҪģҪ飬ǵҪʳС
Ҫһе£Ǳе˾ǡ˵
忴ȥǹ˵˵βݵһУ
ô֪̲ס
岻ΪɨһصˣȻ֪һɡ
˸һӹϵѣӷźã˸˲裬빬忪ʼȲ衣
վһߣ˴ոյŮŮѾ˺ۣ屻ѪϴһƵġ
һΣ˭ģ˭Ҫݺ˸ģ
Ĳ£̧ͷűŮ
ŮغɣغɿŹҲ˵
򣡡
ӳվһǰɫģǰѪɺӣغɳŲסǸС̫࣬С̫һҧǹ˷ˣҲˡ
ŵùڵϰƫҲ
ϵۿſֻǳ˿ȥСĺš
Ƹ̾ұ
ǲµıܹϵ۵ӣ汻ŻȻܱźһ
飬ģ
ƿ̫̫ı۾
·һЩſǱߣ˵ȥү˵̫岻˯ˣܱС㶯
æȥ棬һѪɫŵ·߲ˣӲǲ
忴ʵ£
ү˵̫岻ո˯ˣҪүС㶯
֪ˡ
ȥΪûˣ忴ֻǸѣαˣ´ξǹڣ
ͣǣеˣ̣̫Ϳ̿飬ı֮ˣ´ڹң塣
Ůغɣ̫СӣʬڳǽգЧȡ
ܲϣӡ
ʮ̣
(δ)

ڰ˰һʮ Ůûɽ

۾үӹҪ֡
̡
ۣȥ
Ź壺ҪҲǻϣܣ
֪˵
һĨȻҪģϻ̵Ļᡣ
ɫһףѾֱӽڵϣǰӶӴ
۵ĺϣϡԩ
帺ֶһ˿ݡ
ĵҪĸҪɨ컹ûȡ
忴ټĻʹҹĻʹտ
үˡ档
˵Žȥɡ
ַžȥžˤڵϣʱƫĶԪϣ˲õˣʼ飬һ߸ϣǳӣ⵽ȫѪɫͷɢıӵϣɵս˫֣ˣһ㡣
Ҳû뵽ô֣ѾŪ˲˹
ϵҲһƽʲôӣô

ϣ檲ˣ
ţ˵ϣѾʹУֻܴЧȣܲϣӦطйҪ˼ӣ
ǴӣҪ׼ǹɱ˰ɣϵû塣
޻˵
ϵ۽˰Ѿȥһˣڰɢ˰ɡ
˵ϵۿ̫Ǳߣת뿪
ͻϡǿһ£Ҳ͡
뿪忴·ޣȻѵýĸ˵˵ɡ
ǡ
˷æӦʣߵǰҲ֪⣬Ͼǹָ˹ˣܲûһ˰ɣ
һ´ע⡣
һ㶣´Σ
æӶˣܣ·ȶˡ
ƣ
ѵһίֻǶʣǹ壬ƨ
˿۶Ҳû˵㣡
۲á
ƿദĲһ߲岻ϻȥ̫̫
̫ҲϢɣˡ
š̫ҲţưˣͶ£ǳȥţƫһ໹СƸŵǱ¡
ϹûйȥҲ֪ʲôһѪȣˣľˡ
̫ʼû˵ֱȥ£̫ʣǻɹ
̫㲻˵̫ҲӦں߶Ұһסûˡ
̫ͷ·ˣ²Ǹ˵ģԲˡ
һᣬ̫ϷȻȥˡ
̫롣
彫̫ߣϢˡ
˷ҲȥϾ̫ЪˣҲûʲô塣
˷뿪ȥ壬ʣү֮԰ǰŪѪɺӣֻҪŻˣ
Щ˲ŻŻסģֻǾҪ˷ˣؼڹи϶ӣλȻȹ̣Ը⣬
үҲ̫Եˣ϶û˵ʲô¡
ЦסƵ֣ƣ֪Ϊζûа£
ˣүɵ
Ǳȥ֪֪Ҫʲô
岻֪ҪԸȻ֪ġʲôˣޱܾôˡ
ѾˣĸУݲ¡
֪˻᲻֪أ
ƿŹӢ̹Ȼһ˲׹ϵĬ˹
תǲһ˵£Ů˲ʲôǲԣǰŮˣ£ǴһǧһҲǶԵģ
ǺǡЦŰƵ﹬ȥƵ˵Ůӳ裬Ǳ˿ɽûпɽֻ۸
ƲĿ壬õͷȷʵ˵Ķԡ
пɽ˳ûɽû˳
ˣҲҪǿɽԸÿš
ȻҲֻǰ衣
뵽ϵ۵ĮƲ⣬˭
﹬ɨɾҲѾ濾ˣŰȥ̫ԡ׼ԡ
үǻȥϴҲϲϴùĳӡʲôܴպϣڿ˴պϲˣϴԡĵطˣܾˮأϴɾϴɾ
߿Թ档
忴˿ϣЬҲˣǽĹ˻øɨ
룺ûµԡͰ
Ҫ̫֪֣û
ȥѱǰùԡͰԸˣ˰ԡͰƿŵǲС
үСʱϲˮô
ðɣԭҲԼĹȻȥ˱Ǳסţ˲ȥ㲻ȥˡţԡͰѾˮȥƽ·£ȻԡЩСһЩҲȤ
ϴ˲ȥϢ
δƫпĵط˵ǱϢ
һˣ̫Ǳƫ㴲Ϣһ
Ψһƣһϡ
(δ)

ڰ˰һʮ ƽִ

̫̫࣬ƿԹ緹ָҩ˳ȥߣ˶źص磬ƺ˸ңĹ˴ӵš
ͶڲԶˮ߸ֶ
ʣ˵ɩˣҲȥѾˣαػҪȥ鷳
š
嵭ӦʣƣɩȻдѾȥիˣ㲻ץŲţοСʱڻɩ
š
ǲǲԸ˵ࡣ
˵磬ڸעʱˣµʱͲҪˣĸ̫˻տ

ٴУ֪ˡ
˵תˣˮ
ʱƱҹ壺үͶ˵ʲôˣ˼Ͱ˴ˣ
ֻǽעⰲ̥
Ʋ⣬һ
뿪
صƱ㼱Ҵȥƽˣܾһ㡣
ƽһ㣬˵㶫ƿƽʱƽڴڷŴ⣬˼
ƽƽҲûʶ
뵽ľޣ뵽أĿʹһ£ϣʶ˶һȥ
ߵƽǰƳ濴һۣҵ
ƽһ£תƣӣ
ƽϲ԰׵ˣȻԶˣǿסȴһ̣߽⣬˰ƣͰжתȴҲŲסˡ
°ƽﱧסƽ۾ۿô֪ģ
ƽ⣬ƽƽƿܴߣ֪ô
֪ƺܶƽ֪ġ
Ƶͷҡ
ȡƽߵĶƽߣƽѹ֪ԭϰƾ֪ϲˡ
ƽǲֻܶ࣬᲻
ƽҵ㣬ԸôƼƽֻˡ
ҪģرĴУ
Ƹ󲻵һˡ
ƽЦˣǷŮۣܱȰ
ƴȤҪǷŮɷأҵ֮أ
뵽ģʤȻѼ
ƽҡͷﻹбȽҪõˣ
ôûУүͺܺãƺ棬ģ
ƽ磬ƽﰲõģֻй壬ֻǹΪүҪ˵ãƽҹά
Ƶüͷ壺ƽ㲻Ͽɣ
ӣүǷãҪôȥ롣֮òˡ
Ҳ磬˵˵ҵõģǷŮ۵ɷǵڶãУ
ƽͷһ
üͷǲ
òҪ
˵ŮףȴҵһŮӣꡭ
ưͷŮ۵˵һ飬ƽЩ֣һˣһڷһһڴ
㶣ƽ˲̫һ
š
ƽƣҪǲϲŮۣôһֱŮۣ
ƽҵǸʴˣӦ˷ŮۣúôңҪȢӣҲã겻ڼУңҿŮ֮䣬ֻø飬ûġ
ҵȥʱԭǴͳõģǰΪ£ƭ˵ҵ棬ļ޸˱ˣҵҲûˣҵΪңҲΪԼӦϲġ
ȥѾ޹Ұǿհ׵ġ
ΪʲôϽңƽѹǶŮ۹ڻ
̾ϢȴôɵҵˣŶͣʮˣżꣿĪ˵үүҲˣܲˣ
ƽŰƣδ˵˵ҵΪãδزϲܣ㲻ϲڰˡ
ƽں
ǲںں˵ϲѵûôģʯͷôûи飬Ҳշת
ǲ㣬ֻҪǱҵŮ޸һµˣкӣٰܾüͷϡ
ˣ㿴ΰʮأ㻹ӣȴѾҪ׷Բˣٹʮأ̴棬أҪײˣٹʮأ
ʮͣȴѾ˾ʮ֮ˡ
ʲôˣѹô죿
ƽȻ£ƽںһյķޣƽҲԸˡ
㵹ǾǿӵİӲϹǿ졣û
ƽȴӡ
˵ԭ룬⼸ŮҲˣû뵽ҺүĻ֪ǲ·ʲô飬Ⱥúõģһͷҵ˵ϲġ
ƽ̧ͷһ£
(δ)

ڰ˰һʮ ȥҰ

ϢȥҵȥƽܵˣѾˣ˼룬㵹ˣ˭ң
ƽʣĸԸϲô
ھϲģֻ㵱ŮģȥʣҪϲ㣬ܽ㣬һ˵ġ
ƽ㵽ΪʲôǰչҵǺúõôܻصǰô
ƽҡͷȥֻѾͷѾ⣬ϽңұҲ£Ҳ뿪ֻ뿪
ƽϢȥʡ
ǿˣƽѾһУҪٳ²С
ŰʹܼңǼˣܼ˵ûƱˡ
ӥͰ̸˳תһ¡
Ȼȥӥȥͳˣ͸үԭҽʱǸүġ
һãôңʱǿΪ˳ԽҸֲ̫࣬ң
ˣƢС
׼˵ʲôſڳͷӥ£ȥ
ȥ׼뿪ӥ۰Ĳ졣
˵үлͷӥ˵үԴŰȥ
忴۰˲õˡ
תŷӥȥ·ϰʷӥӥ֪Ϊʲô㣿
ǰѣҲǰõδΪ£ӥֱԲ䡣
ƺϲӥĴӥˣûаݵϢҲˣ߰ˣǱɱˣʹ࣬Ƣֲɱҡ
֪ӥº͹˵Ѿ˵ȥ
ƲΪȻĹܼң˽ӡ
Ҳ˵ӥ
ƵͷӥҴǴϤϤǣҸүҲ˵ߣҪǲԸ⣬Գȥ
ӥԸ¡
ӥӸǱмСӣ֪ɣ
֪ʲôֱ˵
ţӥӸǱߵǺ˵ӸĶ棬žӣרΪ׼ģСǱԺĿ꣬һԺȻǲףҪлԺУһֲģԭҪȥκǸĸˣ޷˷ģ㣬ȻƢһЩҲǳ֮ˣҪȥԺһᰲǱߡ
ҪԸ⣬ұհţ
ɣ
š
˵ˣҲ˽ǰſ˽ˣ˵ͻˡ
Űȥ
ƵſڣӥһߵȣŽȥˡ
Ƶ⣺ơ

ȥ˺˲ȥ£˲Ȳ衣
ȥ뵽Ůȥ£Сˣ
ڻڣʶܾҪˣҿԡ
ˣҲסˣȻûߣҲǵԵ֣Ѿˡ
š
ŮĬһᣬ˵ҽŮ۵ģ
һ£ŰǱ߿˰죺ûʲô£׸ã꿴һŮһֱޣ˵ɷ˺ˣüܡ
ǵΪζ겻Ȣأһ⡣
ë£ߵ£ưѲȥ贵˴ûȷˡ
֪˵δţһǴӦҪúչ㣬ûʱ䣬
ϸ޻˵ѣȻֵܣڵȴʤֵܡ
꿴ϻʺ󣬵֪ģ֪һᰲݣΪʺˡ
ˣ˵£˵˻һֻһλᣬϲŮӲܴ
ҲǸغʵˣĻ
ʱ򣬵ˡ
ȷʵʱ٣һĿ䶯˼
µΪͻһҲ˵ˣʱŵһ
ɵ֪ʲô˼
ȵ۵ǰ͵ʾã
ǲʾãʾƴȤ
һΣŮҲҪ˵ġ
š
˵ܼòʣԸģǵʹӦˣϲԸ⣬Ϊ˲ɢͳŪȥ̣ȥˣûдȴѾˡ
ȥôһ£ڣ˵
˵ǳϲˣ
˼ΣʵǺܽ黳ˣͺܸˡ
ֻǵû뵽Ǳƭġ
»Щߣʣô֪ģ
ɷȥͬţҲѣȥ£Ǳ˽˵˷ҳŴϢ˵ˣɷˡ
ﲻֻˡ
(δ)

ڰ˰һʮ Ĳ

磬ȶˣŸ˵ǻ˵ˣ˵ʹˣˣҪ˵ģҪ֪һҲңȢޣҲңҪҸһ
֪ƭ˳͵
ǳ֪ҺﲻǵƵЩᣬ˼ֲ֪˵
֪Һͳ飬öԲǳŵڣȥ˭֪˵ʲôأҪû˵Ϊκȶ˸˵Щ
ﻹг
ǵûУȥˣֻǿûСˣ̫Ƕˡ
ǺǡƺЦϲǶˣҲֻˡ
۰ƣ˵ȥ͹ȥˣͲˡ
Ϊβƽƺ˿ڲ費⡣
ƽ̫ᣬǲǺôˣ
㱻ƭȥ̣˶꣬ô㣬ͳʶʱ䣬ҵҲԡ
ƽַʮʱ䣬ʱ򳤹ĶŮż꣬Ҳ˵ܶꡣ
ѹ֣ƶŲţҪҪ¥εĹ£
ûѹ֪ʲô
Ƶ˵¥иŮӣǡ
ưĹ˵⣺ô˵Ϊ˱û˱ˣ
ƵͷŰ˵תת꣬ƽȻշתҲǧѰ㣬ԵֵĻǲǶǰ͸ԵԸƽľãƽû˵ܻţ
ɫ˱䣺ƣ֪Ҳ˺֣ͣƽġ
뿴ƽƽúõĶȹǵԼֻǿϧƽôõһˣ壬ҵĵ˵ϰʮǰҲƽ㣬ʮףҪִⲻܣƽֻ·һǵúƽ
οƽõ׻δˡ
ƽĵĵط
ƣ˵
ʲôأЦô
ˣ飿

һ߲ߣƿſʣλƽô
תƽǲô
ǲˣ˼ΪˣˮײˣŮʱſڴڿ棬Ӻӣֻʣһ˿˿ϢˣȥҲ᲻ҪƽȪ׼
תŰƣ˵ʲô
Ϊڽƽʲô㿪ˣǵÿô
ƿ뿪ͷҲصĳ˽
ߺ󰲽һֱԺվţܼҲ˵ƽ飬ǲƽˣ
ô֪ת

ſڴſţ˫һֱǰ
ϵ۱Ź̹һߣǹһЩ޻úúǳ
ֻ촽ȴ˵˭˶в̣ϵȴֻü
ϣԩġҧס촽
ϵ̾Ϣ֪
ȴѾ뵽Ҫʲô

ſڵţͷǰȥվһ︹̣үĵԽԽˣԭȾ˭µèһ
ƻȥң뵽ӥͰŲסˡ
߽һ¹ǰż֣ˣƲùֱӷŵ½棬ȻֻһƽĶȻסˡ
ƳŹǱ߿ȥ˶𾪵ġ
ƴţǸ˽ȥΪߵ
һ·û˵Ǳŵˣ
ӥͰ⣬ôˡ
˽ţȴŹȥԺǱߵ棬űʣô
ûģ˵ζ
ƽ⿪ѣȥϴϴ
ŰȥǳǱߣŴ򿪰ȥѣȥƽѺת廹ûѣȥ·
ΪãЩţ̧ͷЦĺܡ
һ첻ã
ֻн
ƿǰίӣתˮ
ȥߵĻмֲԸ
ƴ濿ʯͷ忿ȥ£ơ
תȥ˫§סƣΪΣ
ܾðƲʱҪ뿪Ƶġ
о£
˫Īսˡ
һ¹壬˲
ǳسѾˣȥƽҹҪƽչƽ
(δ)

ڰ˰һʮ С岡

һ˯ţԹȥ󱦱Ǳȥ˯
ˣ󱦱˵ĲУһֺǺȥҵ
˵飬Сɲϲڵš
ѶڻţСϻѾıһֻ󹷶ˣȥ˹ĻߵߣŹſ°ԴŵĴԱߣСĽѾĻͷ棬˾ˡ
󱦱ʮֱġ
ү첻֪ô£ԴӾûԹˡ֪¸˭˵æƽæҲû취
屧ССѾ棬СǱĺҪһЩĸģΨСһݣǸˣû˵ôСĺⶼûУҪǳ˻˵ã
ǲƤͷˡ
ܲڼңҲܹûչ˺ãôһȺˣ˭ǰǵչţĸƵģȴӪƵģ˵ʲô
ҲΪӾУû뻹£Բȣ
ǲƢˣͱûţԾǡ
СһߣſŶβŶβ˵ӦòǣСԼƢģ⼸Ͳԣǲ͵ˣҡͷ㿴۾Щ͡
ϸӣǡ
ˣӿǲˣû֪
СͰľ£տܵǣպҺտǼˣǣȥ
׼뿪Сϻģһѹһ
תɫһ˵Ҫ뱾˳ԣЩ
Сϻ£㵽СȥˣԴſڵϣСӱСϻС˶¶βں棬ҡҡȥģ
һתŶӳţϵĿСϡ
ƽ⣬ţʣ˭

Ѿ·ˣƽҪܣȥſڿ
ŹŰѶӸƿ㿴
Ҳо̬أȥ棬˸С忴
΢΢üˣôһ㿴ɨ費أ
ô᣿岻š
ưС£ϸ
үСûƵǵˣСֻǱ۾˵Ҳκˣʹ࣬ҡ
ô£ָָһߵҩ䣺үҩ䣡
ҩƣʲôֱûˡ
Ŭ侲
ү⼸ǲʲôˣƿ϶˭ˡ
˵ǻСͲԲȣڸˣƽ£Ҳ֪ô죬ҪǱչȥ˵
֣̫ˡļ٣ƽ
ӣҿ
ưСƽȥƽС忴ûʲôԡ
Сûʲôͬ
š
Ҳ֪ƽûʲô𣬵ġ
ƣż侲㡣
ǿ򶨣¿һԲĶӣ˵֪üʶСǵĺӣС壬Ҫʲô˵
С弸Ѿ˵ˣֻС岻˵
С岻ҲӦ
̲ס᣺ﲻã㲻ܣСϲҪﱧųȥߣҲС塣
ޡ
ðƿޣϰѰƱ˹ȥصĿ
ﲻÿ޹һĸŹ壬ԽԽã뿪ۿҪˣôޣ
忴С壬Ȼһ¡
ƣ㿴
Ʊƿ۾С壬Сһɫ͸ߣڰȥ߻Щճָ֣⻹в˿Һ壬ΪЩ͸ָͳ˱Ȼ󻯵
ƽҲȥһ£ϰ˻ȥȻʹһ¡
ƽָָ񱻵Ӹһ£ʱѾѪˡ
ƿȥƽֿһӣޱȡ
ƿ壬ȵ̽һ£û¡
ȥ̽Ҳû¡
ƽ֣ô£
˵ӥ
̵ſڣţȥ˵иʲôʲô
˶û˵Ű˵
ָָСǱߣʱСѾһˣҲʲôѾʶСɼˡ
ͷӥܾ㵣˶հ˵ȥӥֺȻ˻ȥ̧Ѫεδģӥ壬忴ȥͷˡ
ֻһӥȷû
е㵨ӣȥһ£һ۰˻ֻѪƽûжأ˵Ѫ
뵽ʲôСʲô鷳ˣҪԱǷ˵ģӥûԷӥأҺүСŵùġ
ƽͰġ
(δ)

ڰ˰һʮ СĲ

ƽаͷӥȥҲ£ǰ˶С壬ܿСͱǲ˿һĲϼ롣
С츳һû¡
ɣ嵣ģѲӼҪߣֺأͷ澹ȻѾ˵ϡ
ɿ֣Ƶߣ˵˵ûµģô㱧סô㲻§ˡ
ǿջЦ飬ӳ˲ϼˡ
ѵҪƼɵ
ƷƽţϢȻСûʲô£ͱŵˣҺү˯ߡ
š
ƽȥһţƸС塣
ҹƲ˯۾һϼһѩƵı
ƿЩ㵣ү
סƵ֣֪
ƿһ۹壬Ǻƽû¡
ûûҪ
˯һᣬƿŰɡ˵˯ˣĶӣһû˯һֱš
æŸ£쵽һߣ־ͷڲϼϣָϣ۾ϣģѹÿ
ÿ۾߰ƣֻðÿˡ
ô˯ȥƽƽˣԵΣﻹҪ¡
С壬ĸҲˣҪܿ㡣
Ҳ֪ǲǽˡ
ʰһ£ƽһ룬˷ӥչƽƽ£ȥҲʱǸš
ξùֵֹģǺ£Ϊʲô
ƽȥְ̫̫Ѻҽ뿪
Ʋģȥɹ
Сʱ򣬵ֲģүҹһҹû˯ܽˣͷˡܾþôˣ붯־ʱˡ
ܷģ½ǡϷ˻ͷһۺԺһүʵϲ̨棬ԴĻ˵ǹﲻȫ˶ûأȥô£
ԭסҲȥˣ
뿪ȥ˹˸ǱҲڣǿµģŪŪӡ
Ƶͷˡ
š
⼸նڹ˸ɫãôˣ
ûʲô˵ġ
ȥɡÿƾֱڣԺϸΣҩţҲ롣
ȥ˷˿˷˵Ĳãɨ赽һЩõĲ˵ڣǺҲκá
ƽ뿪
棬ʰƣǲ£
С岡ˣһȥС壬ˣҪտͷˡ
ֱӻ
үˣصƽӣѾˣһ߿ǽţ˫۶ǰȫ˲ϼС壬һ
ԽԽˡҲ֪ǺãŶ׵ȴʲôˣ鲻á
ƽǰѾӲˡ
ƽճ˵㶫С壬Ҫǿʱҡ
Ƹƽһۣȷ˺ܶ࣬ŷġ
޶мСĲϼ룬˵ǻſʼԭ϶ϣӾͲˣүƽȥס£С㹻ˡ
忴һ۰ƣš
ƽʰ˱ȥԺǱߡ
֪С£ѹ֮С
칫ҲˣСǼæȴţȥ
˭棿Ŀϻۣſˡ
С˵ģүү첻ˡ
һվֱȥ⡣
СһˮүүһֱûԷ֪ôˡ
СȻСȴǸͨĺӣ֪ʲôƽʲôҰơ
̳žӸǱ߹ȥ칫ſڣľҲڣľ˵үү⼸ҲԷˡ
ȥƿ˽ȥôˣ
ŰƾͿ칫ţ˿һȦűӣһӣһЩ𾭡
߽£ס칫ɨ衣
칫۾С˰ɣ
סʣ˭˵ģ
칫죬μˣ֪ˣû˸˵֪ĵҲûмˣĺðûи
ϧˣСҲˣԭūϣܾû벻ū룬Ҳ˰
ǻϣūūţūŲ
СӺأҽȵȣȰҩˡҩ칫ԣ칫Ť
(δ)

ڰ˰ٶʮ Ů

ƺΣ칫һû취ˡ
㽫ҺͰϧСһɣū±ӵţҲᱨġ
ãƴӦˣ칫ЦЦЦű۾ƿַ£ȥ̽һ£˾Ѿˡ
ưַ£칫ѱӸ˸ǣ·ƿһۣﵽⶼµģһ߻һӡ
̫ϰԣŵ̳ʱһᡣ
ƳһᣬͷſڵİСôģ
ģǻҵǻڣûǲģڼĴ洦ɡ
ȥɡ
ǡ
תȥ죬Сվһ߿޵һһģƽСǰţСǲޣ칫ˣﲻ֣ϲϧùãϧùľȥˣһֱȥҰϧùˣ±ӿԺúõһ𣬹һЩֵˡ
Сǵͷǿޡ
ƱС뿪˰칫ӻˣķ𾭵Ҳһˡ
Ųӵˡ
˵Сˣææ˸С壬Ҳסˡ
£⡭
һԣƵû£ƽͰֻѪӥСûָϡ
ﾭЩš
ȥСĽ룬ûѪ˻ָʹġ
忴һʵʲôо
ʹһ¡
ţӦǱҺƲһЩɡʵҲһʹ˵
üͷ壬֣ٴȥ˫ַƽ˫ַƽĵط͸ܿ˲ϼ档
üͷ˫ֵĴʹðˣʶö˶ҪƱˡ
û뵽ᱻ˺ƣɫ׵ķ
ƣѾ͸˵ʴ
ƴʧɫС壬⹫
£Ҫæҡ
Ϸ֣嶼ˣƿ壺ү
Ҳ֪ȷӺС壬ô£
С幥˰
żѾ˱ˣ˵ơ
Ȼתʸ
ҲſڿȥűƿĴһ밲ƼŮӽš
ŮӿϵĲϼһ£漴ȥҰ磡
Ѿ˵ֻǿһŮ۷ա
Ľ˵ƣĺɰأ
Ƶͷ
򿪿
ƴֻйƳͳĸˡ
浰أ
⣬Ŀϼ룺ƳҵӦǽСˡ
ʲôסҲվ
ⶫôȥģ
ûṬ壬С壺С壬⹫⹫֪֪⹫͹ƳƱҪһ˳ս
⹫Ҳ˹ģסӣ
Ҫֻġ
ƽŵҪ£С壬ȷ⹫
Ӱ뿪հ˫뿪˲ϼ롣
һ˳һߵȥŮæ˹ȥס硣
¡
˵ȥȥţŮһˣһ߲ᣬĵ˵ƫϣҪʲộҸû꣡
ƽʱվſڣŮ۵òֿ̬ƽ㲻ȥˣİ̲ס
ƽ߽ȴǰ
Ĵʱ˵ƣ
æȥɨ˵Ϣ΢
˵ȫ뿪ԺӣתƵطסܾҲӰС塣
ӥƽȥá
ƽ۰æȥ档
Ӹ˶˳ȥߵĺܾ
ߵߣŰ󣬱Ŀ˫ڰ
գĻ
ڴһźӣһĺӡ
õӸģŵ棬ûȥ
óӣڰĻһ˫˶굽˰ڣüͷ壬ʲôƺɰСڷɳĵϣҧһ˽ȥ
һжĲ˼飬ȴû˸
ĵ˹ĶͷʼðϵҲһǸոյӣҲڲӿ
(δ)

ڰ˰ٶʮһ иҲ

ʱĲŰַſ֣һӴ򿪣СڴģһЩѪΡ
İϣĵУ˿£ӰĳԲĴһȦ
˲ӣŰƵؿᣬСڵĴӺɰ˳Ż鿴СͿʼŭˣŻȥһŤ굽˷յĺɰ档
տСڣӶҵģôˣ
ŮҲŮ۵ĺᣬС͵˰ƵĺɰС˺ɰ
˭Ҳûɶ٣ŮȥӸ˲ʱƽͷӥҲѾ
С˲ͬöҲЩأӦһöҲֻ˵һ˵һǧһű컯Ҳǽ٣ոС彫Ȼ޿ղ£͵
յĻѾһٶˣոܰѰڵĺһ룬ĻҪó
СҪԼˡ
Ŀ۲ϼ룬Ƶ˽͡
£С塣
š
Ŀ壺⼸ܣһύһЩķţԺﲻжȻᾪʱ鷳
֪
忴ƣŮȥϢｻ
ˣչ˰磬ƣҲ£ﲻˡ
š
ƾҲתȥԸˡ
ԺﰲƱһߵСɹѹء
ҹѣ廹ЩʹĵĻС塣
Сˣ
û£ϼѾˣҪıƶûдĻӦͻʤˡ
Сˣܿʱ䣬ܸӦҺգҲٻΧĳ֮ǰҺտٵĳֱȻҪб֣˲ٱ棬˾ܣҾ֪ˡ
ҲǺܶʣ֪Ҫ
ǲ֪ҵ˭Ҳ֪ʲô棬ƳͨƳ治ֻͬ˲ŻԳԡ
ֻ֪һöʲôö֪
񿴣ͨĳ
ǰƵĺɰܽССոǼ֮ˣ˵ʺϳޡ
δѡƣɼޣҪҵϲġ
Сųֱʡ
£ǵȵϰɡ
š
û˳Էš
ЩۣţʼտСĲϼ롣
һҹǼ尾ȥϼһ仯ûУֱ
ƿģûж
š
ӵȣȵ磬ֵȵϣû취ˡ
ˣưַŵϼϣС壬㲻ˣ

СûӦ
̲ס˵ˣ
סΧ˿ſڡ
ĶӣǽɫģƵһӣ
š
ηʥʲô
Ůˣұģǰ׼ĳңʲ᲻֪ɣ
һŮӵĲˡ
źȻˡ
ĵȻ׼ȻǳңҪϵ
ˣŮѾʮˣٲҪ̥УܸӦĽ٣Ƿ޲ҵ˴
ʻŅ֣̀ɡ
Ů£Ŵ򿪣һ󸹱ŮһɫſӵĲ½š
ӼСŮӺźӣһһ߶㵹СЩŮ
ŮӴһɴ۾ȴϿͰƵࡣ
˵ǰ׼
ңʣ겻
ʱǿɰģ벻㳤㲻ͨ飬ĺǺӣѵͲô
δػŮȴûб˱ŮԳˣʳȫ
ŮѾ߽ŵѾ˽ɫĳӣ˵ԣ˺С塣
ȫˣѾˡ
Ҫɱ⺢ӣͺڲǻлôŮ̧֣ĳӴӵϾۼһһγ֣ǽɫģ˶ޱȡ
˳СĲϼȥһȭͷС˹ȥȻķɳ棬Ž˵ۣ˵סˡ
ӿֳ̧̣СĲϼȥһɨ˹ȥǰһˮ⵲סϸֳ䶯ųС忿ģô죿
̿ССڣһɳΧӷһһ
վڶ࣬üͷ˶˭ɱ˭
иҲУ
(δ)

ڰ˰ٶʮ ˭֪ǲǺܳ

׼ǳܿʮƽˣԴԴϵĳĵ˶á
ó룬׼ɱ˰׼׼
Ϊ˶ӣѡ
иҲɱɡ
Ƶõĺܴ󣬶ȥ㹥˹ȥû뵽ƻṥȥӽƵ£ְѰƵ˫Ȱסˡ
ǲѣóǹ
㲻ҶӻҾŮ
˵ʱ۶ӵȥҪֵȴֵס

СƵ˿ȥϵĲϼȻӵ˹ȥһţϼѾѿ
һ£С壬С塣
ҲŵòᣬȻ֪ʲôҪıУŮ˵ɥ
ϼƿȴǻ䵽ϣСվڵϵġ
һһӣڵĺǴһ㡣
С˵Ҫɱ
ƺ˰죬ȥС屧ڻ
С壬ˣƿ޵ˮСƿƣ̧СָƲ˲תСĿĿ
гӶʧˣܵ˲䲻Ӱ
ЦЦ
ģʱĺܡ
ɫˣȻסӣۣ
Сת̷סŮӣô죿
ߣ
òתҪߣС˵ߣ
תС壬ŭ㻹
СʣǷԸ⽫޸ң

˾㵣һӣôСĺӣ˵ƨǲǷᣡ
ЦҪȢŮ
ǡ
Сƶ
ʣܾŮ
ҲܣѾʱ䲻ԡСתƣܾãС·Ͷ̥Ӷ·Ϊ˵Ƚ졣
С忴Ҳ᲻þܾοְ
£үǳȥҪ
ƷԸţ̴˳ȥ̷Űţܿӿ˳
ƿûޣŭŸʲô찡
ӿӣô죿
ɡ
ǿȥţС˵¡
Ầµģȥƽùã˵Ҫ׼ˮʲôģڰҩҪǸǾ֪ôˡ
С忴Ը
˵ڣģȻСϲĹһû¡
š
Сתȥȥϴϴ֣ӣǰֻҪסӵ֣ͼɣҪܣҪȻ͵óȥ
ӵͷš
ȥ·ӸϣʵǾ̫ˣҲûİ취߾
ſͺҶˮţȫ׼ã̶ġ
ƽҩ£ӣҪҰæô
ȥҪĶˣڽмиҽ׼һҩ׼̱Ԫҩ
⣬ԭСǳ׼ıʲô
ǡ
ƽæȥҲº󿴵׼һ٣ǲ֪ٸ׼ġ
ɵӣ뵽ҲҲˡ
û뵽õˡ
ƿһ£˵Էô
ûԣ⼸Բ¡ӻش𣬰׼һЩˮŮӴ룬Ӿ㵣֪ʲôֲ˵
£ƿȳȥ˵һʱ䣬ǲˣֻܸ
ֻҪܳʲôҶԸ⡣Ůᣬ̧ͷӣԺҪúô
ҡͷߣҲܡ
ٷϻ˵ǲ£Ͳ£һ١ưסĿ£ҰʱҪҪȥé
Űƣͷ
סһҰʱҪֻ֪ǿĸףнĺӡ
š
һưȥ

Ѿ֪룬ȫϰƣƿ棬Ӱֱƿˡ
Σƿ˽̰Źϣææߵǰ˿̰æ
һ˾оˣס˶˵ӾǴһЩǲ⺢һЩҪŬѾͷˡ
סһ¡
ڵˣһ˵ˣϱһ˰ȥ
С弱ĲУȥģüǵһο·ƽһҲţӡ
ƨһˣϱˣ
ûأ˭֪ǲǺܳ
(δ)

ڰ˰ٶʮ Сϱ

ˣСת壬屻ʵһ
ˣİɣ
СתߣȥĿſڡ
ﴫ˵ĺˣ
СҪȥסĿСڵŲǻ
˼ӣСӡ
ʲô
æֹѪѾŰֿűĺӣŮһҲûޡ
˱˵ǸС棬ޣһ£
С޿ˣƯĺʯŶ˲۾
ֻúݺݵһ£˵Ǻηʥޣ
ԴӼ˰ƣµʶС壬͸ʶˣ⺢ӺرһرģСֱһޡ
СŮۿˣҪȴһˡ
һ
ӽŮȥŮûӣ˯
Ӱѣȷû£Ž˽ʰ
ͺֽһ˰æСŮϴϴӻ᲻÷ſ˭Ƶġ
ƿӵ֣ˣ˭ô
æȥŮֵӣӵְ֣Ů
˸ϴˣɾãŵһ߸£Ӳ˲Ůӡ
ƵʰãվȥţСšӣӹߵСŮ޵ǰ
ƴûС·ô죬ܵá
С߳˵֮
СŮ޵ǰСˣСŮ޺ǻϲЦĴûôġ
СŮ۾δֱӷӡ
վſڲҽţ˺Ͱȴˡ
رһߵӣǾ㵣
С岻ͷСŮ޵С
ӶʱðɣҪķС壬С뿪Ķˣ̧ͷӣӣ㲻øǣΪŮҲ˵ˡ
ҿԴӦֻһӣ
Ӿ㵣ôСĸӡ
׼ܾСŮ޷ƽɣ۾С壬İССĹȥСۼֿ죬СŮ޵Сס
ⰲСͷһСŮ޵С֣СŮ۾˵ơ
С˵¡
ƺΣڲУҲܲˣ㼱ʲôḡЩҪ㡣
ҺӋOʦţڵĿռ䣬׷ѾһҶԪԪ飬Ҫõ˷Ԫ뿪ҲΪʲôҪԭķԪͬһסҳϣҡ
ԨԴڶٻ˵
ֻﻹһνѣǻ뿪˴Ҳ޷ӋOͺãǿ԰ȹνѡ
С˵ſһſڵĹ壬òףֲýţֻš
ƺȻͷΣʲôԪʲôţͷΰ
ƿſڣ˰֣ЩͷΣҪȥһ¡
Ƴߵſڱ㱻屧תȥӡ
ŹıŰƣҪ뿪
ƿ۹壬ûشֻǿڹĻ￿ţ뵽СĻҡ
СʲôѾҪˣܿ¡
ϵͳģСģˣıͺܴ⡣
Եʻᵽһǽأ
Ʊ۾˯ǻģкܶˣиߴɽɽеۡ
˯Ѿˣоǰ۾˶ѡ
屧ԺţͿġ
Цˣ㳤ˣ
ƵģҲ̫࣡ɤӶˣ˵Ļȥƫƫ˵ֻС塣
˯ˣ
ûã죬̵ˣ룬ȥˣĽݲˣ
ү϶ƣһֱɱ˲ɱɱ´ң
šƽڻĺܱ
ƺЦҪĽҸϱɣ
üţ
ʲô˵ҪҸŮ˾ܽ£Ľݺαػ
Ҫϴ衣Űȥϴ裬ˮ½ȥ
˿һ𣬹彫ǰŮɣŮЩĽŮġ
ţ
ӷͳˣϴȥޡ
ǰ׼ҵĵʮŮˣ׼ҴŮӽҡ
ҲΪ׸֮ˣŮϮ׼ҵĹأ׼ҵкǸŸף游ա
׼ÿһкܶŮͨѡγΪ飬ӽƷ硣
(δ)

ڰ˰ٶʮ 

ƿţƸŹţƷŮתƣûſСϻͶβСѾ˯ˣһߵĴϡ
ƽŰ鿴ƣס㲻
ߵǰ£Ƕ࿴һ۽Ʒ硣
Ʒ籧Ůȥ£빬£ڵذϵġ
СϻŹ˹ȥ˸ȦûУڹſ£ԴŹȡ
Ʒһ߶СϻҪǵƸҲ⡣
˵һ֮֮ϣǲ֪ôӡ
֮СߣҲǿԵġ
ֲɵӣ̧Ʒ磺ϧȱٸŮȻϱѾˣǺܸ˵ġ
ӋOŸԺӣӋOסڸˡ
ȻǿʢǱҲȷʵȫ̫ࡣ
СǸŹȥҲģڸͷˡ
˵ҵǲͬȻ࣬׼רӵģóӺԼģСȥȻ缺
ģ԰ȥӲҧǡ
˵Ҫ˵飬Ǽ˰壬ȷû£Ű˵
鲻ʤм˵໰
ŮҪţҰ׼ˣŮҪܶ
һ˵Ҫѵ飬뵽ѵʱ򣬾Ͳ̫Ը⡣
ǶԵģҪǻȥѵҿˣСƢ˺ӋOͷˡ
СȻСƢǺ˵ġ
˵ӋOҪӋOôôģ˭ҲܸӋOģ˸棬ɱŵġ
鿴С壬ȻҲǺӲͨ˵º͵ģûá
ƿ뷨˵ҪǷס£ºúù۲С壬ҪǾܷˣǴҺүҲ档
ҲǸ߰ˣŮ䵽˼ˣ߲ˣ
̸ССƱ˹ȥ£֮ǰķâ𣬾ǸͨĺӣƵĻӺûͷڰƵĻ￿š
ƱСףʲôţʲôԪǰС嵱ɶӣСġ
С㶯ûУСɨŷˡ
⼸˰ɣҪ˯˯
С壬С۾ͺ˯ˣСŮۿһۣġ
ۣС忴ӋOӋOš˸ӣȥˡ
鷭§ŮעģСǶԵģҺƷѾˣò׻ˣֲû̥Ͼճ˭ճͻᷭ
С󣬼綼ᷭţֻţǿƢҲá
СС۾
С壺һЩȴǼõģӋOԺΡ
ģȻ׷˼ˣˣС⺢ҲǺӣȻǿкܶû㿴ǸӣֻЩƢѡ
ҪȥˣˣٹǺúϢ£úתת
С屧ˣСſڰƵļϣ۾
ӋOתС壬СҲû۾
ۣ⺢ۻˡ
С壬ȥſڣСϻͶβ漴뿪
С۾δ˵¡
Сϻͣˣſſſ£뿪βҲǡ
Ʒ⣬㿴ء
С뿪Ҳųš
˰鿴Ůôϲ
ȻԵסʱ俴
ƳŴСȥĺͷգ˻û
ſڵ˰죬ŲŴ򿪣Ĵһɫĳۣһͷɢ
ƿһ£ŷӦ
ǰ·ɰģ
Ϊʲô͹࣬ô
˭֪أ
ƶǰѾûиоֻǾãκһ˶أɫʣǲĺá
¶У֪ʱѾ˴ᣣһӷָˣİɴ㣬Ը棬ֻ֪ζ
ݺ£ƸŹҲȥ£ǱСվһᣬһֱȷմӰɴƲȥš
տСЦЦʣҪҪұ㣿
С۾ŷգܸƵģưСŵյĻС壬ϸĿܾ㰡Ǹµ
С۾ᡣ
̧Сüĵ˵㣺ˣ
ûôϢʵش
յǲΪȻĿС壬ͷ˵òϲ˲֪ҪǶٻء
˵ձС壬ϿӸС壬ֱС˯նС塣
⺢ǵòյС˯Ų˵һ£ò
(δ)

ڰ˰ٶʮ Сļ

̧ͷȥգջϸС塣
ƻûʣѾСӣСѾ¶˳۵СţµǺģż佡ղЦźʵ⼸ӵУѣѪʢ
Ʋ⣬հССѾŵ׶Űƺ͹ǡ
Ƶͷȥ˰졣
ү
ҲˣӵŽŲǡ
֣֮ǰûЩģôڻ᳤
ӦǿһЩÿĶǿн£һЩ仯ҽλ˵
һ߽һ߸СӴϣС壬ӿĺ͹塣
ĵŮۣԿŮۿʼһŴ֮ռǲԣɿ
ƺ͹嵹⣬û˵
ʣô˵Ůǿĳи˵ģ
ô˵ϿԿǸҸ嵨ˣƽǿԷĵģҡ
Ŀգ֪ò˵
˵ټҪ
ûУ
ţûУǰ絽ʱϸûкǶιü˺ǣĺ½ˡ
մһƵǺЦˣѵϷˣ
ЦʣܿŮ
ţܿһЩ˺Ͱʶˣޣ
ƽ
Ʋɵþŵô
ȻǲţʣŮۿɷҿ
̧翴ˣʲô
Ůô
УֻֻһŮӣ˵һ̥ȻǸŮ£
һᡣܼתһ̵ʣᣬôֻ
ˡ
һһȤ֮˵ӡ
ЩΣȻĶӺܶ࣬һ̥ҪٵһŮ˵ƺͱֻ̥ǻôᡣ
ڣңΪ̥ô
ĺĶǱģ˵ȥˡ
˵ʵõķȥ룬ֻ̥Ů˵ֻһӡ
ΪƽҲֻӣӦġ
忴۰ƣǲӵġ
ưһ۹壬̫Ҫˣֻ˵ġ
ʣΪֻ̥
ŮԨԴծ˵ԩ·խǷģġ
ʲô˼
˼ǳˣǳƱҪõĶõĶɾƣҿûŮ֮գպ̫Ǻǽ㣬޹ʱ
ֻܻһ
ֺݺһץУ
ĻС壬Сˣüͷ
ֱԲ䣺벻в˵飬Ů֮ŮץģԡӲ
ס˵ʣû°ɣ
š
տŰƣʱҲˣǲδ㣬ΪҺܸˣдɷ˵Ƿ޷˶ۣ꣬Ǿһֵá
Ƶͷ֮ǰҲ޸ĸģȻĲãѾõ˸ࡣ
ƿ壺үǵҪ飬ҲԸģ˻ԼĶģľүиŮأ
ԲҪȻն
˵ҿüѾ죬Ųͻٴ˸ˣ㲻ҪѾˣҿǿдŮǹŮ㲻
㡭
ֱҧƿŵӣ˵ǻȻȥˣǿסĺòãǴ˽ǵ֪ҪҪϵأ
ˣҶֻ棬ô鷳յǸﰲˣǱҪ뿪ˡ
šҲڶԣϾ˼ҵݸ߹Ҳ˵۹壬תߡ
ŰƱСģͷС壺ΪӲأôã
ȿȡ
С˯žŵðһСˣһ߹һѱסӣŵð
̧ͷûƣ˵
Ҳŵòᣬǰû£ҲͲ˵ˡ
Ѷӱز˵ˣСŤͷúõ˯һ
ţ⺢ӵļҲ̫ǿˣôȥ˵ã
˵Ǹӣ˵û
޻صǱߣС£󱦱֪ܵʱ࣬Χһţ˭ҲҴţƵǾãĸ󱦱ǺܱģϾǶСһָͷ
СּǿС㡣
(δ)

ڰ˰ٶʮ үô

Ҫ󱦱ǴСС壬С尮мӣǻ׵ĵˣ룬ƲſżһЩ
ܵܵԸƫǧҪЩƫģܾСǵܵܣҪǸ磬Ҫ֣۰ܵܡ
ոﱧСֻ˵˾ӺãͲˡ
֪Ƕ£ǲҪСƽϣҪ۰С壬֪ô
š
󱦱ͬŷġ
忴ž;úЦ˵ͲܵĵǴ𣿶ģҪúȥ۰ҲҪһͬʣ˴𷣴ģ˺£ҪǸ
ǡ
岻˵꣬Ʊˣ˵ջҪȥȳȥϢСǣľչǣǲǾ͹ܽǡ
갲ƾˣǰһһɨ⣬ȡ֮ǺһľȻ޲
ֻŰƳš
ŹԶ˵պСģҲﲻʲôæֻҪģСͻ֪
˼ֵ࣬Ҫģúõģ¡ãദĺòãش˴ģȻ֪ǸԤ̫࣬ûкô
Ƶǲ ôã۹壬˵ǶٻСģǲԺúõĽ̵ǳˣǾˣǸʱǾͻ棬һЩҪĶ
ڸǣҪɺõϰߣܱүĺãͷ磬˭ҲүŶүǸܵܣʵǶԸ
屻˵ϹҲסԽԽ˳ۣ˲Ҷ̣˲רŽҶ̴
šƳϵĴ̹ĹͣҪ磬ʱѾߵרŰһЩȥʱźرǺ޵ĺܣһ߿һץˤڵϣ칫Ժ˵Ǹ޴Ĵں칫ĺѡ
ȥͺ˵ŵĽ˼䣬ȥ칫Ĺǻңųˡ
ðšȻ칫Ĺǻң˵Ķ廹ܻ䡣
ǰưѹǻҽҪСģ뿪
ƴӦ칫ҪϧùðһҪȥ칫
칫ĹǻұˣʹӺţÿ࣬žǴͷڰ
˵Ȼȥܴȥ
ҲȰ˵ǲϡ
ôʱСǴſ˽ƱȥСġ
֣С嶼˵ʲô£
£
ţС˵ҪȥԺ񣡡
ƻͷһۺֻõͷȥ񡣡
˵ˣƳźǱ߿ȥĸкЦ
ôôСĻ
ź뿪ıӰƾ֡
С˵һֱСĻ֪ΪʲôǴ֮󣬼ǵһ꽻ӣ֪μʲôܳ󺰴Уˡ
ҲסҪ˰סĺ¡
ôѹסѶײץסҪɱʱСϻƿˣСϻȥ֪ΪʲôС㲻ڿˣվһߣС֮кʲôʲô
ЩŹ֣ϻôŹֵ顣
֪ˣȥСɡ׼뿪Сǿ˿Ĺǻ̳˹ȥ
үүǺˣкȥԸԳϧùõġ
С˵ȥһߣСǲ뿪
칫ưСӵĹǻҲ£Ҳ뿪ˡ
ɽʣү⼸²ڣҽݺҩҲ֪ʲôˣҽ뿴ЩҩĺҽݣҪͨһ̵רá
忴һ۰ƣʲôû˵
ȥ˲֪һүôҲԭġ
֮ǰЩӣ˵ЩӱҲɽˣүʱŪɡ
ڲҪӣӿ׬ĲСѰƵȥŰƵֳһᡣ
Ƶͷȥ¶ֱ飺үôصģ
ԭŮãǲʵ벻ʲôȱµ飬һŮˣ
Ĳá
үûôˣùǸɵӣôԵ黹
һЩĿƣ˵ʲô
үѵⱲûʲôôѵ˵һӶǹģܰɣƺЦ
(δ)

ڰ˰ٶʮ ׷ͷ

ߣȻɱԹҪǴҪ˻£ɱˡ
Ҳδأԭѵүɱģ
һŲȿգȥѰƷſڰɽվȣæ׷˹ȥͣȴһ١
׷ʲô㲻ԹߵƵǰѰƴǰǵĿš
֪ʲôǳ侲˵ҪҲǹԲˣүɱүŮҲʴˡ
üͷߣδذɣ˭֪ǲ
ת峯ɽȥҲᣬƺͰһɽߵҲż
ɽֻӥһˡ
ʣүأ
үˣû˵ȥʲôطӥʵش
ӥͰȥҽݣҽѾȫͣ豸ǰհһʼͼֽϵģǺִҽԺһĹ񣬻дĹӡ
Ƽˣ뿪
ɽϼͣڵģܡ
ˡƳæŷŰơ
ҪһܳҲֻǿѾɲݶһЩҩݶѣɽϻרɹĵطҩĹ롣
ƳȥǸɹɸӣȥǿͨĵط
ƴΪ̾ЩһܲٳһЩ·ϺܴĵģڿʵҲûʲôɵĵģڣһжӭж⡣
ǫˣЩǰү˼ģְΪ˼
һ֣ү˼
ǣүÿ¶ѯߵ󵽹Сֱߡ
ҩүϸ񻮷ֵһطְÿ춼¼Ȼ󽻸ضˣᴫȥڣүȻᴫһ׷Щһֱ֧ġ
ҽѧԺҽأƴʱǾãֱǲСӣһֱһ˵ż˵ĹȥÿҪһ׷ͺѵˡ
ȥ·ϣܵķ
ôģ
˵ҽݺҽѧԺҲˡ
ƿ˲뿪ΪƻҲһŰƻ
ʱѾڣҲûȥԺǱϢ
ϲŻһ尢ǰүûԡ
ͣ£ΪΣ
ȥɢģˣ
Щǣ°ƾߣ뵽ԭŮ鸴ӣһ磬ʱ룬ҲûʲôϾ㡣
ҡͷ֪ȥҩģûȥ˾ȥЪˡ
˰֣ʾȥӡ
Ѿԡã˾ţȻĿһطʱѾߵ˰Ƶߡ
֮ЩܲƢˣ
ƻعѾˣ侹Ρ
Ųүҩұȥ·ү϶а취ģΪүܣضܡ
룬һѾҼƻ֮ˣȥףպҪһ˿źҲ
һҽѧԺҽݣҩҲ㷢ȥˣãţһ㿪ҽѧ֮ţʮͻķ½ʱǾܸˡ
үҪһҩӲ⣬ǰóã߶˹ȡҩҩȥһֵȾ
Ҳúͺ決һЩҩﴦ¼
ЩƲþҪ뿪ˡȻϰƣõת
ûֻ걻档
˰죬תͿţһ⣬۾Ҫ˯èһ
ã˾
ûģҧҧ⿪ȥ
ƺܣ§Ź塣
ڵҹ§ŰƣΪβ˵
үû˭ҲүֺαҪ˵أ
Ѱ§һҹûô˯
ȥҽݵ飬˹
˸мƻ˼
ƽպǰӴ
̫ԭҲסҲϰˣԭҲû˹ܣסţû뵽Ůۣʶ̫ѾסˣֻȻȥ
ζҲûоܾȻ᲻뿪˿ˣҲٴš
ʰһ£ž̫뿪ˡ
˿ҲûһĴţǾ̫ʱЩˣס˶˵ֵǲˣ
˵ͷһ֣ҪǾ̫˵Ҷ£ʲô
û˵תʱһЩ£ˡ
û뵽һתѾ׷ͷˡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ٶʮ »û

˿̫۵ʪˡ
̧׵ͷ̫һץס˶˵֡
˵㶼ˣҲŷǶˡ
̫ǺһЦƽʱɵ˺ܶ࣬ǸˣɵЦ
̾ϢҲ֪ǲǴˣӦģܵģȥĵطҲһԼһΪģ̫ɵˣ
ɵˣ̫Ѷȥ§ס̾ϢҺ㣬ҪҼһ㣬ǿдߣҲôĿ࣡
˱۾ۿæ뿪ͷ˲ϵᡣ
һߣû˵ˡ
̫Ŷ˵֣϶ΪϷˣҪ㣬ѹ㣬϶ҲᴦηηβЩ棬ϲģϧϷ˵ˣ˲ģҶԲ㣡
̫ЩһˣͶԲ
Ůˡ
ҡͷ㲻Ǹ˸ôʱҪȢ檣˶ŭԵģڲͦô
ߣҪҿڣͰϱˣ㰡̫ʵˣҪңͰŪķˡ
̫߿˿˿ȥˣңҲҲˣģͲЦ
ЦʲôˣҪٸҶ£ҾͰȫϳȥǾͲ˳ۡ
˲ˡ
ʲôʲôȥ
̫ѾӭˣյϢˡ
̫ţæӶˣ̫˵ˣǡ
˺ЦЦ˺һߣ̫ԷţźĸƵġ
˻Щ˼ȥ̫ת̫ȥ
˺ķ˶ûڳķ˶ؾصվţССӭˡ
æŸŽţľǶ
ȻǱи󽫾ھңҪ̫˵㣬ҽ̫ҲҪһ¡
˻˺ԺɹԺӣæŽźţ˵Ժﲻذ̫ˣһԺһѾͷڷ͹ˡ
ĸ˵ǣͷͰüֽġ
˵ʱ򣬾̫ѾӺԺȥ鷿ˡ
ӽնڣҪ˵ûϢľ϶̫һͲ˳ۣһ̧ͷƵģͲϱ
һæ˵˵ǡ
ǸƨûϢһվȥ̫ûĿ۾ϣ
ϴ󣬹֪ô
飬ŮԴӽʼϵ
飬Ӳ
ǲŮҪˣ¶̫̫ˣ˵û̫ͣվŸˣ·ģƽǾ̫ӣǼֳϳڴ˴վš
ĸӶЩǣûʲô¾ˡ
̫ɨƵüëţһƵĿŴӾϷݺ˼ʮ꣬ȻƣȴδԻϣȻʣаֶġ
벻ҵŮһһ£Ѱ
Ҷ̫󡣡
âڱæŹˣɣ첻˰
ŮѾˣŮҲ˵Ҳסˡ
ֻ̫ǳƬ̣ɣȻϲϴãȻѾǹҲΪ
̫ٸһλɡ
ҲҪ˵̫ȻǵȻ˵̫ףʵϲ˵
ΣֻŽҪȾΪɡ
ʱҲãӵ˾ţֻǿ˿ˡ
ŵС̫һЩôѴѹȥû·
ŵ˱߾岻ʣ޷ڹ
̫˶ڳʱҲɵˡ
ŮǸТˡ
̫һЦˣҾѾܲˡ
̫һ۴Ӿ㲻Ҫ̤ԺӣҪϷԣϷƱذš
˲졭
ߣȥɡ
̫ţ˶˵Ժ
ڣ̫Ѿ࣬վڳŵ⡣
˵̫󣬽ǲˣ˵׼ҽݵ顣
ǿѣ˵սˣڹôˣôô
̫ˣµ黹ûءѡ
̫֣ǲôôֲˣ
˵Ҫ£Ҳ̫ǽ֪ΪΣ
̫صĺһƻʲô˵
ΪˣΧȥ̫˵
(δ)

ڰ˰ٶʮ ˭

£̫ɫƣҲӶۣҲ˵ġ
Ҫ֪£лϡ̫תȥһΪѡ
̫֪˲࣬Ҫ̫Ҫ׷˭˵ģū
Ϳ׷ˣмӣ
̫ҪūܲˡͲˣ̫ȥһƲǸûõġ
ˣȰɡ
պæ֪ʲôѹ﷭˸顣
ǱҲ֣Ѿȥ廹ǷҲ֪ͣʲô
ϵ۲ڹ̹޸ͣŮæűź޵ľ鼱ꡣ
죡ŭ
Ůŵæűźӹˣ
۵ϵŮ˰֣Źȥߣˡ
ŮæűŹ̹ȥ鸡ܾ꣬ʲôҪˡ
Ů뿪Ӵˡ
ӴһǰȻˣͽɡ
Ȼ͸Ųͷſڽ˻Ǵǰסˡ
˫ֱסˣ˿ôˣǸ˵ˣûµʱҪẦġ
Ҳô֪ˣӲãƿȥ̿ܡ
ء
ôˣû
ǼˣҡΪ顣
һһ䣬ʣϲģôû
̫ѶˣԭԵģǺˣͰƻˣˡ
ˣгһ϶಻ʶͷ
һס°ͣҲܣұҪ˯ߡ
һͷҶˣô£
ҩ㣬õģУ˲ġ
ҩͷȥ˵·Ҳˡ
ŮȥһʱŻ˾һʱ
Ůţ·ӴѸ뿪ſڣ΢С
ŮѾˣŷġ
ŮһϺʹ϶ӵĵǡ
ոҩΪ̫ˣӵĵǣȥɣ̫ˡŮȻºɣҲҶԣѾ˯ŵĹ˳ȥ
´ʰһ£ŽŮš
ƵҽѧԺܿ쿪һ֮ڰѾˣҽǱҲѾﱸɡ
͸Űɫҩλãڳ⣬ΪҲûκȾԾھ氲á
Ѿһ֣ϰǮ飬ϰǲ˵ط
Ȼ֪鲻Ǻ˵飬ǮҲĲ٣˵Ը԰˵ķʽɣǰѷˣ֮͸ûϵˡ
˵һһҪǲУǮûˣˮһա
ڳУ߹ĺܼ˸ǰϽⶾĽˡ
վҩ
ӥ˳ȥ
еżˣ̸ĺúõôˣ
ң԰꣬ҸһˣҾˣ£޹أҲﲻæҽѧϵ飬ȥ㹻ˡ
Ҿŷ׷£͸һˡ
ƽŰȥ˽幬Ǳߣ幬ŮѾж ˡ
Ƶ׻һ
ŮڵϣʬѾڣǼѵġ
վڽ幬ĴϣǾסĵطưҩ򿪣ʼ顣
ȡһŮϵѪҺȥһʵ顣
źһߴš
ϵҲڣֻһ£ƽʱࡣ
ΣƼ깬ȥѯʼ
ҡͷ˵ٺĶҲʶģȷʵʶҴû
Ҳ֣ܰ˲ɱģͨѪҺһѵӣλȶȥģȥûеġ
үʱʲô
ѯʣ忴һɫ԰׽Ůľ˵ʱվﱧŹ˴ˣĿݣŮ㵲סǰѵؿڣʱ˵ڵϣҲŻˡ
˵ʵĿһŮλãԼոչ˵Ļ϶湥ô˵Ů󣬻ֱźӣôɱŮ
οҪɱˣҲô鷳
ƺȻһֵĿΪʲôӶǰɱָǱߵ뷨أ
ˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ϵĿֲ

źӿŰת
ʣôˣ
ҡҡͷûʲôֻЩͻȻƣ룬֪ǲˣүϢһᡣ
ƸоͻȻľˣ˯һᡣ
忴˿һ߸ưˣŰɣϢһᡣ
廹Ҫ鰸ܱܲ˾ߡ
¾ʹ˯ͷþҪˡ
ţֳ̧ס˶ͷƵ۾ϣӿʼ˻Ρ
ʬʱ򣬿ϵƵ˫۾תλƵҪ˯ˡ
תȥƳסˣ԰ԸӸ
С̫༱æӸ͵££һַֻŵƵֱϣֱ֧ţɮ붨Ƶ˯
˸Σμԭˡ
ƻ뿪ʣԭ˰֣ʾⲻҪ˵Ҫ
˳ԭ˫۾ǰ棬Ȼǽ幬Ĵ档
ŮʱСڴת
Ȼľһ̿ͣд̿͡
˳ȥȻһѵ˹ŮطŮһһŮǰСŲŲһ£תŮ󣬱źӶ
һκȻˣ۰Ƶһ
ϵ۴ʱŽƿ˫סƵûסȥһڣ۾Բʲô
ûİưһ۹壬˲ɣ
ܲЩ˯һڣûţˣĺۣ
үô֪϶ûŮʬ廹ڵء
һɫ뿪
ŪŪ·ŵϵˣ˵үҲ鲻ʲôҪȥԣպýȥĸ밲ɡ
ţȥϣȻ鲻Ȼȥˣռɡ
Ȼ˴̿ͣҹҪϼӷС
š
ϵԸ˰ʬ̧ߣ幬ˣסϵ۱ȥĹ
Ƶ̫Ǳ˰͸Ź뿪ˡ
ʣôˣ
ˡưξ˵׻
˵￴ģ
Ƶʣү٣Ȼβ˼飿үˣ
ƼȻˣؾģֶֻѡ
ƺЦֻֻЩү㷢ûУҴڣû˿仯ֻƯһЩ
ҲǲǰŷֵЩʱ;ãǸһ
һ˲ϣʵҲܱ
ߵһȥʣһˣĹ¶
ƵĶѪġ
Ȼʶʲô˫ְѰƱڻⲻܡ
ƺЦûʲôܣүûãԽԽǿô֮ǰֻܸ˿ܳϣμЩ
ⲻǹ֮˵ǳ
ҪߣʱҪһִ
ôһ˹¶ȥ
үɱңҲһ𣬿ô찡һڹ壬§ϡ
磬ȴʹģ
ү溦¿һҶȥʣһˡ
ģһа취Űƣһ뵽취
Ʊ۾Ѿˣˡ
ص彫˱˻ȥƲʲôо
ҲûԣҲûȥӣľϢˡ
棬Ű˳ѡ
Ժ棬ֵĴ󲿷˶ŰһҩԴҶԸѵóѾǩˡ
⵹ĵ飬ƼæӴȥֵͣء
ģոȥ·ִ˻ȥ
ŹûһͣͺķӦǻ˷зɡ
ˣﲻ
ʣǩˣ
š
͵ͷ޲굽ȥ
ϸ飬̤ʵˡ
վͰӲȥһҪڶǰѹŪá
ǡ
ͼβߵģҴ
ʱ¹գˣԵ㶫
ԸȥԵ͵ߡ
˾ԺԷĲһͷСһԸơ
Ժ΢˶
ԹƸ湬ȥպģ֪˶ڰǱߡ
ƺ͹ҲȥǱߣƿСӋOţӾ͸Ʀࡣ
黹棬һɴŰɴҲܿӣӋOŰ飬Сˡ
ƽŴкĺŮ۶ڣƷ˺Ȳ裬Ҳڣƽվһߡ
ƴкȥ濴飬СȻš
ưæŽţ¾Сߡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮһ в

ӷȣС崩ŵ·©첲©ȵģͦģװ۵ȴܿɰ
ưѶӱŵСۿ˿ƣСѾʼƣģܵƤ
ӋO۾š
ЦʵûʲôãСڣҾͷĶˣǰ׼ңȻŮӵңͬҲһп飬ÿһܲףСҪΪ飬ҪԳӣ˯ӣóӽ
öǶûҾ
Ʒ粻ǵһɷʵҵһɷƷĸ磬ƺ
ƺ÷һ𳤴ƺΪ˾ңһѳ֮С
ƷΪ˰ңһ
ǵһ飬ǻŮ
˹ǲ̡
ŮΪһ̥ڵ֪кʱ򣬾ͻ
Ϊʮ죬ԲȣΪ飬Ƴ󷨡
ԴԣʵϣûкǺѴģ̣ܲǴҶ
ҺƷˣһŮ
һΪңµʱᵲҡ
汲ǰ׼ҵĻ׼ÿһУѡ񼸸ҵãΪ
һֻӣƺѾڣұʧȥĻᣬƷִҪһ𣬲Ż˶Ҹ׳Ƴ
ҵĽãҲҪңƷ£ȥ
ʵû֮ǰżֺ֮ܵġ
ڣҵǾãСڣǱϡ
ҪǿŮӋOҲҪ
С壬С£СȥӋOһ
ҵ֪˼С˴һǸˣһƺӹɡ
ȷʵ
Ҳôġ
ץסССѾСҪ棬ץסˣŲˣС忴ơ
˵СܵˣСѾǱ߬Σ
̧ͷƿŰ飺һɽһɽߣҲúӶǿãҲûбҪ
ϣС彡֡
õҪõ
ʧȥˣ㲻ʹô
ǵСô⣬Թ˵ĽǶ£һΪȥǺΰ飬Ҳ֤ⰮԳԽ
һ˿Ϊһ˻ţһĸãǲ塣
û˵˵ϣСǽֵģ֧С壬СԸȥӋOҲȫ
ô
鲻˵ƿѾʵС壺Ҳ֪С彫ʲô˵Ҫҵĺȥֵ飬ǲԸġ
СʱһǸĸ֮ΪҪȥʲôųķŬ
Ҳ£ҲԸ⣬Ůӣ˭һϲأ
㸸ĸ˵ҪսʤһУҪΪõǸı㣬ٸıˣǸġ
˳ӋOò˵Ǽҵĺӣʹ
ʹǿ֣Ǹԭÿ˶ôΰ˭Ҳܾ˵ˣǿԸǿֵĻᡣ
ӋOСǸĸģһȴĹ뷿ͻΪǸĹ뷿
һƬ̺죬ǿ֣Ϳ֣
ͷǣ˵ţǡ
ǵģӋO£뿪СһᱣӋOġ
У᲻á
ܾ̾ˣһ׹ƾҪƭġ
ɲϵƭ
޻˵תȥ棬ס
ôģ
Ҿǿֵ㣬Ե׷ôߵһطҪΪǵ뷨֣飬౯
ʣҪϾͰ˼֣ǲ䲻Сˣ
СѾδˣʲô䲻ϣӋOݣ㻹ûϲô
Ī˵СϲǲϲӋOҲϲģЩϲδرСġ
Ҳǣ
СȻŰƲ졣
˵Ȼ֪ǾҪŬҪΪӋOδԺ޿ˡ
ﵱƤҪ»
˵ֺ˵ۣĺĺ
ƼװûС壺С壬㳤֮㣬˱㣬ҲӦԸķ䣬û˼ҺãԶ˳
ߣСߣü˭أŲţӋOͷϣҲӋO
С忴ƣ
ˣʣȻС쬵ġ
СŬŭС졣
˵һ²Ϊ´ξӋOʱ򡣡
С촽˵
ƽѵ˶ӣת뿪
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ 

ȥŮۺġ
Ķһڲ裬ɨһۼĹ塣
Ȼ۰ƣ˵ջȻȥɡ
ƶˣȻôͻȥһᣬûȵƱȥУҲȥԺȥ
ȵƻѾҹˣĹûʣ㻹֪
ƺЦô֪үҪǲһھߣĲ࣬Ӷ࣬ﲻһס
Ҫߣ˹ȥ
ߡ˱𣬻ӡ
ҹ£ʼ˯ˡ
ȥʱѾ磬û˯⣬ھӸɢߵƽסݵ⣬һԵסˡ
פһᣬڲϴԵüͷԵòˣŽȥŽȥƽᣬȥֵġ
ҹ˭ҲԺ棬ҪҸ˶ûС
Ȼصһ£תҪȥ
жת򷿶м˴ӷһߵķӳ߹ˡ
Ժ渺ֶһȦ
˺ܿ͵ߣƺǸոշԺﻹվһˣһͬ򰲽һ˵ҶԸȥҰƣǲǻţȴߡ
༸̳ӱȥ˵Ȼˣβһأֿʲôͣ
Ը㣬һ˾͹ˣǰ֮ɽɣ֪㡣ԷͶʮ˵ȴ
ѾˣˣʲôˣΪʲô
ʲôȥɡᵶŰ˹ȥӭȥƽƿŴ˳
˿ƽ΢˵
ƽһ·Ҳƽʱһʱӳʵ󵨣ʲôˣ˲񣬸ҵҪˣˣ£
ŭȥ
ƽֻǿŰıӰոպתһЩȴط
СĽˣ࿴һ۶Ը⣬Ҳûˡ
ƽЩԺҴܵˣѾˡ
ЩǾӸƽ˵ĻԺ
ʱԸҹˣƽӰ߹ȥߵĲ죬Ųȡ
¡
ƽߵһͣ£Ը̺˻صݶ
ʱ˶ƽȷƽΧסƽ
ŭƽ
˴ֻƽĻ̵ƽߣסƽӲûȥ
ƽ̧Ű˵ѿƺ쳾ȻԸ⣬ƽɡ
ƽ˵Цһ£ǼˣһһƽתȥҪµӡ
һѽ˱סֵ̧ס˵
һ£ŶԷ˹ȥƽѾֱѪˣƽ㱵һ£һۿȥǸ˰ˣ£
˺Ȼ嵽ߣ˵Ĺ廨ţƽרŷŹu͵ģû뵽õˡ
̺ˣƽǸˣҶ࣡
Χ̳źΧȥܿ
˱ʮΧסͲǶ֣ûжãͱˡ
ʮ˸ÿգ˱ܿࡣ
ҽ
༸ܣƽ˵һ
Щ˳ȥܿ콫˿
ƽҲˣһֱˣˣô죿
ƽޣһ𾪶ˣȥ
ƽæŵͷ£ʰˡ
תһΧȥƽӡ
ſڿһۣתԺ˵һֻèѾˡ
ƽһˤһӣۿˤˣһѴ˻
ƽתŤ
һᣬƽſҩ
ƽкܶҩ䣬ҲҩƽʱҲѧҽתƽȥҩ䡣
˿ߵһȥ£ƽææܵǰҩ£һЩҩ
ȥһѣƽͷҿ
㣬һߵֱȫ¶˳ֱϵİ̺۴СмոյĿѾˣѪƽҧ촽һĿޡ
ʲôÿ޵ģֻǵˡ˵ҩˮƽʱƾԼȥʼ
ƽֽ޴Ŀޣ޵İңˣ
ƽס죬Ųޡ
ϴֱۣЩ꣺вУ
ƽҡͷУ
ƽæŸһһ߰રવᡣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ͬ

ʣԣΪʲôˣ
ƽ̧ͷҺء
Żһֱԣ
⡣
ƽ˵⣬רĸñվ
Щ˲ͨˣҪȥС׼ȥƽæ˳ȥ
ôˣƽɡƽֻǵİ
棺㴩۳㣡
ƽæһ۳ϣͷż򣬿ƽ㴩ȥ
ƽæȥ۴ϡ
ָ̧ƽһ£ӸѴӹϡ
ƽ΢΢ͷתȥ
Źƽŵƣ࣬˲Ĵݣһ¡
˴ԺһȦĺͷմ￴ţ˵ѹֿüĺǶû뵽ƽ
⻹ÿôԴˣƽ겻ᣬѾͷƽأһղһˣˡŷյ֣תȥϢ˵»ٲĵĺãҪʱ֡
ھӸһȦų˰֣ʾȥ
ߵЩĵطһѽƽ뻳Уһε˷ƽһ̧ͷ죬û˵
ôʣƽҡͷ
£
¾ͺã㵽ұұ㡣
ƽ򰲽Щ˵

£ƽȥһƽ֣ƽվȵȥ
ƽ﷢ţˡ
ɣ¡
ƽű𴦿һۣԥƬ̲ʣΪ
ѵҪԼߣ
ƽ֪ȥ
ɡҪƽȥſڰıϣƽ
ƽҿ𴦣ĿͨͨЩķߣжЩ˴ʲôط
ӷתһȦŴӷ뿪
棬䵽ϣƽ¡
ȥǰ濴ȥƽ̸ȥͷڰ
һΣתƽ֡
ƽ̧ͷʲô
ȥסƽ֣ƽһסˣתǰȥƽһߣŲˡ
˵ߵˣ˺㡣
ΪΣ
ûΪΡ
ƽߣƽҡͷҪңҡ
ˣղˣң쵽ˣȥɡ
˵ƽȥ˽ķƽ˼顣
һ·ȥˬʣûˣպ׾ڽɡ
˵ʲôƽЩѣʲô
˿⣬ƽʼûµĵߣƽ֣ߡ
ɣֱˡƽҪæ
£Ѿˣ߰ɡ
ߵĲƽͷܺãҺã
ƽû˼Ͳһˡ
廹ãʮӦò⣬ֻϵʱ򣬽ᣬʱˣ䲻Ͻˣ뿪
ƽͣ£Ҳ뿪ܷģƽ󽫾ȢƽֻҪŲֻǿҲá
ίˣҹ֮ǰȷʵãֿĺãЩԺӣұ㵣Ľұ㵣Ľ£ȥҲ֪£û£Ҳ֪жá
ʱȷʵԳģ֪ףҪչƣ˼Ҳͷˡ
ˣǶˡ
ոЩˣʶˡ
Ҫ
̫˽ˣ
ƽƭң
ƭʲôձ˵š
ƽ޵ˮЩ޴룬֪ô壬ҲҪѧŰСʱˣͱһ
һЩȥסƽģ㻹ûãһЩҲ
ƽæҡͷ
뿪ƽˣæŲ˲᣺Ҳżֻǡ
ƽǲ֪˵ʲôȻͬˣձ˵ɣ˱˵
˵
ƽ˼
ε߰ɡ
˻صƽ˷ƽЩȣȥסڡ
סɣȻѾ˵ˣȥһҲģҪչˣԵ飬ҪȥƲУվҪߵģҲá

ƽס̫ˣ
˯ɣˣ
ȥһҪƽæȥæ
£ƽæ
ã˲ȥϢ
һ簲ȥƽˣȥ
һԺӣƾŵһֵζԺˣϻѪȵζ
תȥ壺ҹèˣ
˼ֻϵ׳èɱˣ
ûһ۹壬תȥƽûˣЩ֡
ȥҲڡ
أ
ҹ˵˽ˡ˵һæŻ˽
Űƾʹܼңǿˡ
ܼҵǲ֪¡
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ Ż

ȥţô
ƽҲ´һæµ˽ȥ
˶·Ʊ˳ȥ
ƽżæ˳ȥӡ
ҺүȥһͳԷɡ
˵ʲô
Ź˾ˣƽæŻȥ
ô죿
·ãȳԷ
ƽȥ棬Ѿˡ
˵ˡ
˵ƽ°ɣмҪ˵
ƽ۰ƣӣǡ
׼ӭȢš
ƽ˵꣬ѾƽƵҲֻ֣ǿ۰㿴ƽ˵ƽ°ɣϲ㣡
ƽסˡ
˵ԭͲȢȢί˽ýӹ뽫
զ࣬Ļࡣ
ȢԣҪƽӹǲףԲ˳Ͼǹǡ
£̫ڣ̫󽫽ñɡ
ˣƽȥ̫˵±ܳɣصıǡ
֮£αҪ
ң¼ޣȻί㡣һ˷ŵƽԷɣӲã˷Ƹ㿴Ҫæһʱ䣬Ҫ
š
ƽԷƿ˿ȥƽ
˺Ƕмӡ
ԹƱȥƽ˰ĹػƽҲԸˡ
ǺأȥƽǲҽΡ
ҹӦɱ֣רԸƵģʵ벻ʲôôҪƣ
Űƿʱ˵
˵ѾˣȷʵǸɱ֯׷顣
գ㻹ǶСģҪƣҪϼӿܡ
š
곯ƽȥѾҩˡ
ƽҲվ
ҽһˣ̫Ǳ˵˵õ顣˵ٲȻǰѻʹԼҵˡ
ƽǲȥôϹأҲҪʲô̧۵
ȴ˵ȥɣȻǳʲôˣ֮УڿҲûʲôȥĵطˡ
ҵȥƽˣƶ㵵ˡ
ʣΪΣ
ƽ˼һµһҲ͹˴򽻵̫ܵĳʱǰҪסڹ㲻ˡ
УΪϲ
Ƶ治֪˵Щʲôƽǳ
ҲںһѾ˼ңȻɷѾˣܹ˷ҵˡ
ҳ̫ҲΪġ
е˵ǹȥ
˵갲ľˡ
ƿŶȥıӰһ꣬ƽǴˣǴȥͳкĲ֪Ǽװ֪
ƽǱ׼һЩŰȥ
ճһ£ƽҸżңƽʮϲģҲСˣȥƽ˵ʲô£ˣҪ˵ġ
ƽһͬǰЩ⣬رǿ˲Уˡ
ӣƽˣƽڸĵλߣҲܸС
룬˸Ůɡ
ҲãҪܵˣݲףҲֻнŮݲϡ
ƽͰţ񣺡ƽ
δŻĺӣ̧ͷƽƽԽԽˣ²Ǻÿˡ
ƽ˵ͷޣ
㲻ҲҪȥ㸮ˣмҪ˵
ƽȻҪ˵ȻöȻܾ
˵
ǰЩӣҵȥһˣȵ۵ĺֵܣиӣòãĲ޲ͨҿ˲Ҫ͸ƽܰɡ
⺢ǸĺӣҪϮģƽȻͨˣŻ£Ҳǲġ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬żƽƽ㲻˵ʲôˡ
Ҫ˵ЩΪˡ
Ķ£˵Ҳм󳤹æģȻ֪Щף뵽¹֮£Ҳֻܿˡ
Ŷˡ
°ɡߵһ£е㵽
ƽȥǱߣδ£ǰƽҪ¡
ƽˣ˼ȻƽŮҲŮܲף֪ġ
ƽϸãסƽ֣򳤹빫ƽӣҲΪǱý
źӣӵ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ƽ빬

죬ѺӽΣȻ˿㲻ǸҿЦɣǲﲻɣ
ǲžˡ
֪ǲ᲻ðƽ޳ȥôġ
ƽ˼̧ͷó֣ƽɲǲ˼ˡ
ЦǲţȹЩӣҺͽ˶ŮˡԴ䣬ƽæŵͷ뵽ƽʱʵİ˵Щмܲס
Ҫ˵ǻûס
ձɣȰѻ˵Щշ
Щ뵽ʱ֮ɽģЩ̹
һᣬ˵Ȼģƽðɣƽһɡ
ƽæȥҳ£ͷ
ƽһֻĸҵģȻѾãֻŰɡ
ұȥͻ˵£αҲߣǸ˶װŵĲǽɽĶȱȥˣúó
ƽлȫƽĥƽӵϽӹϣڳǰ
ԥһ£ڸҽҹζ࣬ȥ׼£Ҳ׼ϣҿǾͳװɡ
ƽûġ
ԸĻ
ţȻˣһȥ˵ڽ׼£ֻǲ֪ϲʲô·
ƽԥһ£дȥƣҲá
Ҳá
۳Цллˣ
ﻰⱾǷģǵҾƺ˵ЩԹĻҲµһˡ
һ£ȥ˾͹ȥ˰ɣչ˽ȻȥϤȻǻϣΪѽ
ϵ۶᲻֪ϵ۵ΪˣһЦܷȥ׼ɣúȥһϣĲұ֤ôߵһô
ͳƽӲãҪߣҪģҪ粽ĸ˳ʲô˶Ҫš
ƽͷҲҪСģãҹȥд̵˻ûҵСģȥҪС˿ڣƽԻչ˺Լ
ת뿪ƽ򳤹㡣
СѾͷ˼٣ѹҺ˲㶼Ը⣬ˣҲãǸˣҲϣͷһҪȥúõ˵˵ҲǣȻһΪβЩأ
ƽ˵ƽǣֻǽδ㺣ҹ븮Ϊ˾ң֪⡣
ƽҲܻ֣̿û뵽Ȼôż㽫¶
ţʲô»𼱻ǣҷҲ˵ģǵã׵˵Ļ˵Ҫ˹ʺˣôȢҡ
һ룬ӣȴˡ
ʱҲ֪᲻᲻ϵˡ
ɷģϾߵô硣
ƽʣ㰮ô
Ц𵢸ʱ䣬Ƚ֮ǰҲû˵Ҫ޵ˣǼ˵ļױǰƸ׼˭ˣҴԺˣױҲøȥҪˣֻҳˡ
ҲûǮֻܽȥҪˡ
ƽЦһˡ
ȻΪ˭أŷԸ˷Ըƽˡ
·˵𻰣ƽģ𳤹ɷ飬ֻ̾ϢҪ˵Ƕõˣ˸ʣˣֻϧȥ̫ˡ
ߵʱһ仰û¡
мμҶǿѵġ
ƽųЩܣ˵ƺԽ˵໰Թô
Թ޻еģźҵ飬ֻǲԸ˵ˣԼҪԼеģҹΪǸ۰ˣ¡
Ȼȥ
ԽǹôģĿľҪЩ˲
һ棬ʱҷոȥãﲻʹ죬Ƣ꣬Żôˣҹʢ鷳ѡ
ǰˣֻ˵ưͿ
ƽЦˣҲ뵽ˣ
˼죬˹ſڱͣˣŵ̴򿪳ţ빬
յﳯ﹬棬æųӭӡ
ڹߵҲֻгˡ
˳ǰſڵϸ룬˵ˣҲϢˣɣˡ
ǣ
ˡ
תƽָƽɡ
ƽֽ
̧ͷϸ˿æŵͷƯĹ
߰ɡ
Ҳֱͨȥ̫
̫벻ɡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ûǮҲû

̫ڷ˰죬ˣƽǳãַġ
̫Ѱ˼һȻǳãǾͲƽɣأ
һƷô
ѯʣ̫ᣬҲþܾǳ˼أ
ҪǲһƷǾˣҴҲûмλһλСһλҲȨ̫ͬȣȻģСҲ겻ˣҲǸ衣
Сǰ裬ǹҲ˺ˣ򣬻йˣҲҪйˣЩҲй˲һƷɡ
Ҳͳ졣
̫ãܽͳ죬Ϳ
κ̫ҲǸŭԣֻ˵ǾÿԣǾͿ԰ɡ
Ҳû
Ȼˣƽȥݰɡ
̫Բˣܾƽ벻ˡ
ƽ¹򣺡ƽл̫͡
볤ȻѾҴĹˣһƷǼˣҴǲŮӸ泯ģڹǣԴġ̫Ե
ƽæŵͷƽ֪޵޲ţƹܹƽԸΪʼЧֻݡ
Ҳãô뵹ǲȻͳ칫ǳ˼ʱɡ
̫һ˵һ߹۲쳤ı飬˾͸Ͻߡ
ƽл̫ʹ˲ٶƽҪɻ飬̫˵ƽ׵ʱ޶ǧĶټһ⻹и鱦ΣԼƥС
ٶˣ̫թӵģ£ƽĻ£˵ƽѾǵˣ̫ͻ顣
̫Ϊƽͻ顣
˭ҵĹӣڴƽҲ޼˰ɣ̫Ǿ֣Ե޹ʳ˸ãҪ˷ҪױҪ˼ױҪͻ飬ļҵĹ˴ų
˵ǽ

̫ԺѰһ˵˼û˵ԣ̫ʧȥˡ
͸߱ɣ
֮ɽ
£̫˰죬˿ƽЦ
ЦǰЩӣƽһ£֮ɽ˵Ųԣ»ˣ
̫ţҰ˵ģ
̫ϸƽ ùƽԸԸ⣿
ƽҵġһԵ
̫ΪѣƽԸ⣬Ըô
ǲԸⲻعܣҪǲȢƽıĵ
̫ǾЩ˼
ȻˣǱּ˵ǳĻ飬Σ
̫˵ƽİɣƽϹϾ
̫ƽ񣺡ʵԸ⣬Ҳ޷ߡ
̫ʲô˼죬
̫˰֣ˣȻ£Ǿͽɡ
ţ̫ͻɡ
̫һ£ҲãǱͻƽ밲Ļ¡
ּȥϵˡ
̫˽кȥ
ãƽ
ûУ˵ŶԣƽɲĹ¹ôھǺ
Ŷô°ôôҰĹ£Ҫ޸Ϊʲôǳף
̫⻹ݰҪˡˡ
̫ͷҲе
ԥһ˵̫󣬵ȥһϣ̫󲻾ȥô
ˣ
̫ˣ곤Ҫ޸ģǻ˳ģױʹͶˣǱ߻ȥʲô
Ǿʣˣڱʶ߲ƣѱµӶ˳Щûϳɣûˡ
̫󣬸ո˵ӵʱūһֱڼ̫жƵģ̫ӸˣȻ߲Ƶӣóӣͻûûˣ
ţû˾ûˣҲòϣսʱȷʵÿնŶŪӣûʲôãҲױ
ľǻ᱾Ҫģƫƫ޵˹ϧƽûʲô£СҴߣҪˣǸöã
ľޣ̲סᡣ
С̫̫ۣ߳˭۰

̫˰֣ˣûޡ
˲᣺̫һǱ߻ʲô£
ҲǸöҪľô̫ľ޵˼ˣľһľޣûˣˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ˻

ϵ۽ۣͿһŮӽţϵ֣ıʣվ
ôʱޣϵѾ̨
óʥֱּʥּּ̫ܲⳤƽΪһƷƹͳ칫
ϵãȻһ˲ƽ޺ܸˣ
ƽ˸ӣƽμϣꡣ
ϵܾƽ졣
˰ɣ˵ˡ
ϵ˵ɻƽæ˵ƽҡ
ǳʲôңϣһּ⡣
ôϵ۵Ȼ
ּ̫ܲΪƽͻ顣
һλӣϵҲ¡
֮ɽ
ϵ۵һ鶼ûУӲĺʯͷ
ϣϸƽġһ
ϵ۸Ӭһϲȥ²ġ
ϵ۲ƽƽԸģǳΪ
ƽԼԸ⡣ƽش
޵£Ȼ⣬Ϊˡ
ΪΪܣܼ޸Ϊޣƽĸƽϳȫ
ƽϵ˵
ϵһΣиŮɲǵ֮Ϊ˲ദңźֻˡ
ƽ⣬Ī˵Ҫƽ޸ˣҪԸ⣬ƽϴѾͷҲԸġ
ƽ˵ϵ۵Ǻ뿴ƽ
̧ͷ޿
ƽ̧ͷϵۣϵۿƽ򳤹ùô֮ɽ֪ô
Ƿ֪Ͳˡ
ϵ۳Ƭ̣ȻǴùõ˼Ǿʹùɣ֮ɽҪǲԸ⣬ޣҲֻΪ
˵ɣʹͰɡ
ϵۿ˿ƽֿһ۳һݼױɣĿᰴչⶨùþΣ
ϵȻϵ۵Ĵ㣬ϳɻ飬ҲͲøˡ
ȻˣȻˣЪŰɡ
תʥּƽƽߡ
ϵ۷Цô꣬ѵģ
ƽ˻ʹʹԺܹĵ׼ҵĻ¡
¶Щִ٣ϰһԷ֦
ϵ飬רдϲ
˶ʼæµ˸ϲ
̫̫ʣӦˣ
Ӧˡ
ǻϵȵùɣ

˵
ӵԺǱߵϢЩ
˵㻹ô
ȥˣ׸ûϵҲ
һЦ
Ǳ߿ϲЩ㶣رˣƽôϲģô˹ˣһƷǼˡ
ô֪ܲܿȥƽǴùõãǳˣܺᡣ
׼ʲôأҲ֪ƽϲʲô
׼Щûġ
ǱҲյϢȻ
㳲׼ǼѣҪųԷˡ
վԺſڷ뿪ŰıӰ˰죬˴˶졣
Ҷ飬ôͿ Ǹ

߽תˣ
ڿ
ȥˡ
Ҫǲæȥæֲ϶Ҳû˵һ仰
Ҳġ
ԽԽˣ˵д̣˰
㲻صңүչҡ
ԥһ£뿪ȥ
˶ӹҹضɣסػһƶѾ˶ãף
˿Բģûү㿴ʲôοѾ˵ү˺ҽ˵Ļˣ
תȥˡ
黹Ҫǰ˵֮ĹϵΪʱ˽һľ롣
һ˾͵һ飬СѺҽˡ
̫֪½ѵһٶ
Լ˵ѳֲס̫˸취öκסᡣ
ʼԸ⣬ΪܺúϢһЩ
һֱڡ
ʣȥ׼ǡ
˿۹ҲÿԻȥŴӦȥ
ˣ˾ߣ˱ŵá
㡭
ŻȥС·û˿
һ·ȥ˲Ҽˣͷڶһ·ߵƽȣ˶ǰŽ˷£ʰϵ˵

ȥ˶סˡ
û뵽˻ˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ 

ӣǰˣ;һģһ
˿ߵĶʱѾľûӦ
鸴ӣ侲
ϸʣ˭
Ǿ壬ǳĽ㡣΢΢ҲǳŶ
˴ʣû˵н㡣
Ҳǲǰŵ֪Ĵ£ҴСߣǰþ˾˽ҽӻģֻ
ʲô§סҪض
Ʋܺ㵥˵ô
ͣ£̧žûʲô˵ģҲ˵ҵжŮǾҵ飬ѹʣκУذɡ
˵˽š
˽ת壬һ˵ȷʵ񣬵վ
һ԰Ĳһ
Զˣ
΢΢һǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
嵭ȻһЦھң̵ҲͬȻһ˵ҲһЩ
ʣȷʵҲܱ˱͡
ǶɲеģοӣϹô
Ȼڣȥ
嵹Ǵݣ˵Ҫ˻ôǽŻŮ˵һ
Ī˵ˣɱôףҲôöׯҲĵ˰ˡ
ŮԵΪأҶùȥòƭһʵҪ֪ʲô
ʲôˡ
ǰЩӣƶˣҳôҳû뵽ˡ
סƶ
ˣߡ
һֻڣˤڵϣ˵Ƿǳӣɽɽ
˾ӣҲûֹǡ
Ĺǣ޷󼰵ģ
ƶҧ㻹û㣬ֻо˭ֻ֪о
ƶ󺰣һЦվˣƶվиңˣҵǾã⿪ˡ
ûǺںվˡ
ǻŵˣģвҲһλò±ˡ
ǲ˵Ǹ˰ɡ
أ
Ǹô
˵õһЩ٣ʲô
ǻɩãҲةŮةԹȻԴҲйҲй͡
㲻 ӣȻĳҡ
Ҳ㡣
תôã
˫Ȱɣ˲˰ɡ˵ѾˣܼҲô£ǰҪƶ˫ȴϣ¡
ҪȣҪ·ҪǶˣةҲѹȥةฮһˣǰʱ˵ƽڼңڲڣھة
ǡ
ܼ뿪˲Ž˰סƶˡ
ƶҲ̫̣㿴ŷĶʣأ
˰ɣñķ
ת뿪˵һֱȵƽ
μ
ƽܿƶȥˣ˵龭һʹܼңˣ²׷ֻܳѱΪ֮
˵ת˶ƽܿѪƶ˻ةฮ
˴Ӷȥ˸ˣûߣһֱڲԶ
ͣ£ΧһۣȻվڲԶߡ
ϵѣ˹ȥ
˿һ棬ġ
ǺЦأ
ʲôԣһ⡣
үڲô
ʲôֲܻ
Ҫǻأ
˾ͻˣҲֻһȥʱǸǲȫˣŪ˱е鶼ǼƭģѵҪмɣ
ס˵֣ȥϲվǸƭ֣һƭѱɵӣһΪϲϲ㡣
ԱΣտƶʱ򣬱ﾹһ˿˿
Ϊˣ
ƻ˶ͱĸ顣
ģ˺˶ܿҪǸҶ˶ɱʬΣ
˫סүΪҪһ˺ۣ
˫ס˵һ˫С֣Ǻ㵣˶
֪ƶǾҵˣһ
ʵѾˣ뿪˱磬ǱϲҲãǱȻҲá
վǲϲˡ
һձ￴˶Ц͸˶ڽߣ·һɢĵط
μ˶һ£˶ˤˣѱˡ
㶯ɱɱˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ б

һ¶뿪Ŷү㲻Ҫ룬պֻĺãЩõģȫֻܲμҵ飬Ųᱻѡ
Ӿˣүˡ
үеɽˮʱүŬҶǿģүκִȣһˣž˶ãС첲Сȵģô
үһȻȴ
񱳺˵үˣ˵Ҽ˱ү䣬ĵء
ƭڹ߱Ǹ߿ˡ
ڹĴơ
үŰɣԺ󰡣үڹԽԽӵġ
棿ɡ
˵ͷȻ棬ұ֤
š
˻ȥһһĴ۲죬һ࣬ȴ
Ƕװû˷ʣүǲҪʲôù飬Ϊǰ񣿡
ֻǾãҲˣôн
Щ⣺ү˵ʲô
ոҽʹ˶ӻҪÿԽ˵Ӧûˣǡ
˵һ㲻˵ˣˡ
һº

صӣѷŹϣ⿪ϵ·Ͽ
үľ£Ц˵ͷҿ
ﻹܹܵЩѾߵ˵ǰ
ʲôҲûȥˡ˱ŵ
һ㣬ǲף߱
˸˵תˡ
ܿѾ׼׵ȥһ˴Ժƽ
ϰƲ뿪£ҹľȫϡ
ϵۻڹţôô˰Ҳûһδεȥſڿ
ȷϢ빬͵Ż½˵
ϵ۵ȥȵ˵ڶյʱ
ƽѾס
ϵͣһᣬĵ߶ʣʲôô
ϣ˵ǹ׵ӡ
˵ĸϵ⡣
С̫æ˵·ƽ
ˣϵۻЩţʵǳ׵˭
ǰ
֣޺ʱҪˣϵŭɫС̫ŵù˵ϡ
ϵĵ˼ΣתС̫ࣺ޺ʱҪˣ
С̫æͷϣ׵ūŲ֪ū﹬Ǳ˵ģ˵̫Ƹ׼أл̫ġ
֮ɽ
ϵۿ˳ȥ̨ϣ⽫ĵطѾһƬϲ졣
ϵۺһסʯ
С̫಻ҿڡ
ϵת뿪صĵϵ۴پ̫
֪̫ȵϲϵ۲ᡣ
׵飬Ϊû˸ޣ糯ϳˡϵ糯˻飬Ѿˡ
̫ȾˣϺ˵ģ˻Щվȣȥˡ
ϵҲ̫ƽһʡ
̫ҡҡͷܺˣٺȾͶˣ
ϵģǺ˶٣
̫˳Ȼһ£ǵˣϷһ
̫žƱƵ֣ϵǱ߾ƣϵֱҧ
ѸߣϺȾƶǵʲôطˣֻý˰Ѿ̫˳ȥ
̫˻ʹ˲ͷĺ̫
ϵ˯ţȥΪôȥ
ȥ޵ּ⣬Ҫж˵
˯ϵҪˡ
ûҲû
æһ죬ˣˡ
᲻뿪ˣӽ뿪˶ʱ
ϵ۵˰ʱһ˵۵εˣһ˵ǲڹ֪ȥˡ
ϵ۵ּȥҪݡ
ʥּˣʱŻš
ڶԺ
ϵһҹδߣ糯ʱſ
ϵ۽Щ룬Ҳ糯
˳ɣ֮ɽޡ
ϵһҹ·˺ܶ࣬ȺЩ⡣
ףġ
ĵ
֮ɽȢΪβޣϵ۽ĵȥ
ĵֻˣϵ۾
˵ǳǻϣбЩ£˵
֮ɽǺ⣿ϵ۲⡣
֮ɽϵվŵĵطǸ߸ŵˣǻϽ¹ŵˣǻ볼֮Ĺϵ
֮ɽ㵽˵ʲô
˵ͻ֮䲻ѣǾ
ϵ۲̧ͷȥӻ̫ӵ𣬱ˣ
˵ѹĽվҪ⿪
˿ĵϵۣϵһƳǳδٵʱΪǿ֮ġ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ֮߱

ϵ۳Ĭδ˵
ûоܾǳֻ֪ǾãֻңЩ²ò
ϵڶƳǴųȥʺ󣬻ʺʴϻۣȣ˵侹Ůӣʵѵá
ʵ˵Ůʺϻϡ
ˣǻ³Ҳϲʺ󣬱˵Ѿ޷԰Ρ
δԣϡ
ǲ֪ϲʲôǻ˵ʲôϲ
ϵҧҧĿ档
ǳͳĻ£Ϊ˲óͳһ𣬻ҪԶƭˡ
ǲ֪ϵġ
ǽǸӢۣ߸
Ǵһ޸ǻΪģ⡣
飬ֵһᣬҲǵˡ
ֻǻóĵıǣھǳԶȴûĹơ
ϴûƣΪϳϿƲˣ
޻˵ϵɫ
ϣȥκ鶼ԭ£ΪĸԸģ»ϴδչ˹ƣҲãлΪѡ
֪ǳŮϻ˼ŵϣøַʽӽͼƭƣԭ¡
ǳŮ顣
ǾóǸɵӣ۸ôǲǿʹ࣬Ϻܸˣ
޲Ҫƣˡϵ۴̨
ûƭ㣬ֻǵ֮޵ͻͻƱˣ޲ˡ
ͻˣֻնϳûиѡϵ棡
ͷǻϽҪΪʲô
޲ΪȢǸᣬ˵һֱƵףΪİ㣿
ֻϲ
ô࣬ͲЦ
£Ů¡
ϵҧҧ޳ȥ
תϵ۲ת뿪
ӹڹţ
ƽţҪʾ¡
ƽ±ʣô˵
ûô˵ذɡ
ƽ뻳УĶͷһ¡
ƽ˵ͷ
š
ͷƽЦЦҹǲǲˣǴˣպʲô֮˶ѣһ
ƽҡͷûвףҲؽҷˣż⣬нɡ
ʱнʱзˣȻѾţҪȻˣô֪ҷˣ
ɡ
ƽЩƣڰؿڣҹסڽǲǲչСˣҴӦ
ĺڣİɣæ㵽ǽķˣҪڽסЩӣϤϤ飬ϤˣȥҲ١
š
ƽ˻˽
ԺæµƽҲæһЩ
Ϣһ磬Ҫ幬Ů飬ƵǺ棬ΪʲôɱŮŮ֪ʲô
Ʊȥ˵ɻ
˵ʩʩΪʲôܽΪʲôþƽܣ
ʩʩоİѱ
ûֻʲôѱ֪鵽һ£ϵӣѾ棬˵Ҳ޹˼ɣƻ⡣
ûô
ҡͷǺҽߵı
ûиϿˣҪô
ˣҽȻѾ˵ˣǾģҽƭˡ
үĺ⣿Ѿ뵽ˡ
鶼Ϊ´һˡ
үǻʺǰеô£
ʺû£ȷʵǻϵģҽ˵ʺùҩÿλޣãѬġ
֪£ʺҲû˵Ҫҽܡ
±֪ҽ֤ѬЧãͲ
˵ĺӣ˵ġ޷ϵѵиŮˣùù
ƾȻЩͬϵˡ
үǲӵ飿
š
ô󶯾үҲˣôܲ鲻֪ˣҪǸڹ˼棬ŮײɱҲ֮С
˱ȻǹģصĺͨˣҪ
ô˵үüĿˣ
ûС
ƻҪüĿ˾С
ƻ
һæһ죬ڹץˡ
Ƶþת
ϵ鲻ãȻŵĽ幬žͿӣϵǰѯʣԡ
ͺԼϵۣɱġ
ȻܵУŮϵΨһĺӣûϵۣɽģ˭ɱ̫ô
뵽Щ͸˼ѪһܣеԹҲһɢˡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮһ ϵ۵

ϵ³񣬾ȥһϵۣϵ۶һڣ۾ûˣ
ԭҲûʲô£ֻ뵽һ٣ﲻѡ
ţװܣֻվš
ϵҲΪ˿ڣǵЩطһ˱仯Ȼǲüġ
ûаֻǿǱϵ۵ţ֮һĺȥ
˵Щϵ۱ȥ̫밲ˡ
ҵʱϵ뵽ıȥ̫ԭȻлʺֻʣ̫ˡ
ϵ۵Ǳ߱ЩԣֻǵҲû˵ͷοû˯á
̫żӣĵĲ
ٲҲǶӡ
ˮϣ̫˵ɫǺܺã岻ʣ밲Ҳûµģһ쵽밲
ϵﲻζҸ˵˶ûУĻЩˡ
һڲ裬ϵ۲˵ĸ꣬ɹӶĸģ
̫ù˵ģĸ˵ʲô
Ǵ¡ϵ۵۵һĨ̫ǲˡ
ĸ
ϵ˵°ɡ
˰֣ʾ˶£ϵۿ˶ˣų̫ȥ
ĸǴӿʼͰѶӵĶӣһͬʣ
ֳ̫˳Ȼ֪
ϵþԣ̫ʣȻ˵ģ
սеǰ޾ں棬˵ǲһĸҪúøޡϵۻ飬¡
̫һϵۣ֪˭ĺӣ
֪
ϵһֱڻı£ʥĸ˭
̫Ƭ̣꣬ȻӭȢ˱֮Ȼһã÷Ȼʶʮϲ
Ȼ⽫̫Ը⡣
Ÿһźõ£ڣýȻʣֻ֪Ȼʡ
ȻʲԸڹ裬ҪҸֵżңվǲԸġ
һڹˣܵǹһϣ˯УȻʱҴҶȥȻʵϲŻ
֪ˡ
Ȼº˵ǱƭˣԱ顣
Ǽ£ȻʶԱõ˼ҲԶΪƭɡ
Ȼ˫˫ӡ
ڹҲһţǻ̫Ҳ֪¡
ҪȻʲʺȻʺǳ˵˭»ӣǻʺ㱾ǻʺ
ȻʰȻʶԣǸ
ȻУֻǱãºӣҪЦô
ӣ˿żȥ
ޱ񶼺
ÿοҪõӱ
Ȼ֪ºߣҪصȥкӣġ
Ϊ˲Ȼ㲻ȥ
һձ裬һк
֪£ĲУ̥ӱ
ͬҲǸк
ţǻʺǻʺȻŭѺӱ˱
ǸӺܺãÿ
Ǳš
Ӻ֣ˮãˮģǱι̡
µʱ⺢Ӻǿ׳ȱǸҪǿ׳࣬ӶԼιˡ
һգ˳һӣӵ˵ϣˤһ
ϵȻĺӣĸıˤˣ
̨̫ϸϵۣüӰӣżῴ㲻˳ۣ϶ҲȵµģǱġ
ϾǱģűˮ
һμԱˮʱ㿴֣㲻ģȻżˣ˵Ҫȥĸģ˵ûС
Ҫǲι㣬
ĸȴˤ˱Ķӡ
ϵ۽ŷ֣Ϊ
ΪһλĶ úãɱɣ

飬ıγǲ֪±˶꣬Ҳˡ
ĸǸȻˣ㲻֪ɡ
᣿ϵס
̫ͷ³Ҳ֪ģȻʵľĸˤ˱ĶӣҲûнϾ̫ĹĸԴû׷ֻȻαӦΪ񣬵ôãȻ᲻á
ս󣬶㳤֮ǰĸڵع棬ֱȻʲУҪѳᣡ
ϵޱ飺ΪҪ޵ǻһͻޣҪѳ᣿
˵Ҳûʲô壬û㣬ҪõϣҪʺλã󣬲Ҳ׷˴ô͵ͬڻʺˡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ 

ϵҡͷΪ
㻹Ϊʲô˵ĻôǻڻȥɣȻʵĲر棬һѾˣǴŻʺ·ģʱѾˣ·Ҳһˣڻ棬ĹҲڵģ㻹ʲôģ
ûв⣬ֻЩĲ¼ɣö
ȫǺŪıã˵Щ
ϵۻǲãĸޣ
̫ȦˣȻߵʱո˵ǻҪǲܰ£ܾТ֮
δΪ֪Ǻûϡ
ڻϡ
ĸҲȻʱ塣
һñ¼żɣѾףв֮
㸸ʲԸ⣬Ǹˡ
Ҳĸ
ߡȻʵǻʱ򣬴δȣĸȻֶ̫ŮľȴͲǰ
̫λһλĸĸ壬һλǱĸ塣
ȻһĸȻʣǱĸȻʵľģЧأ
Ȼѡ˱Ҳѡ˱ĸ壬Ȩ֮ƣҲΡ
ȻʵĸĸĹĸĹĸǵ̫󣬵ʱ̫ϥӣȻʣȻʵĸȴǸŮӣҪû̫İͲˡ
̫󣬼Ȼʣϣʺ󱾹
ĸ֪ˣҪȻ÷󣬶ʺ󣬸
ֻȻҲֻ
ϵΪ֮·ҪǸûмȴŮʹļס
˻βˤ̫ѯʣôˣ
ûʲôֻ鲻ãĸ󣬶ȥЪšϵתȥ಻̫
ϵûˤˣѪɫ࣬ŵòУ̫Ҳˣæ˳ȥ
ϵ΢΢ĸ󣬶
̫˲˻ڻˣ졭
ϵۿ̫󣺡ĸֻͷΡ
ǣѪˣǶǶ̫ҧסҪ£壬Ҫó
ϵۿ̫󣺡һֱģһֱҪĸ֣Ϊĸ֣ϧ»ʺľҩΪʺĸˣ֪ʺˣＫ䲻
Ϊ˱ĸ󣬺Ӷûˡ
ϵ۽̫֣̫ţĸ󲻺ãӦĸ㣬Ҳᷢ顣
ĸĴǶϵѪƼɡ
ϵ˵˱۾̫һϵۣ϶
ϵ۵ֶ˶̫Ļ
ʱ̫ʧǵڴ棬ϵ۾
ͷϣѾ˲밲ˣæȥ
̫Ҳڣæ׷ʣˣ
ҡͷԺңӦһֹŹֵĶҩж֮󲻻Ϸʱ򣬾ˣҲһʱˡ
֪¹ش˵ʱҽҲˣҽǰˣæŹˡ
ƻͷ壬վڴ԰ס
ϵۻԲѣ̫۾ּ׸£̽Υն
̹£ĸ󣬴±ԵɣȻҲõ飬վҲףȫɱǡ
סڣּ
ڡ
˼ʺɼ纮ҩҽ²ּ
£ڲҪ
ּ⣬λ
̫ة࣬ƹΪ󳼡
¿齫ҽһ̩ӱ߹ء
ʮбʿɰ
ʡɾ̫ͳ졣
ة⹬ڣ
ƹʮػʳǰΣΥߣʾն
壬ͳ󳼣߹һг֮¡
ƿӹ£
˰죬£
עŹ壬ζӳ¡
ȻϡλôߵñӣŴһѷĽá
վǽ
̫Żϵۣûа취۾ٿ
̫涣ȫʧȥ˸ոյİϡ
ó룺ԡ
ʵѪϵ۵̫ˣȻһȴûзֱ
˿ ѪҲûˡ
ʩƬ̣̫йͶȥ˭뵽޵ĵǻ̫
վһ߷ţϵ۾첻ˡ
ϵ۾ǰˣʣѾˡ
ϣ㿴ܵǶء̫ѹһ߿һ˵
ϵŬҪ壬ȴô壬տǰơ
ô㣿ϵεĴҲû˵
أ
ҵˡ
ƻͷ󳼶Ѿˣôû
үȥɡ
š
׼뿪תſ˽
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ 

æߵϵ۵ǰסϵ۵֣ϡ
֮ɽҪˣǵõǰȥ޼һˣǱġ
ϣ˭µ֣ҧΧ˿һۣ׺ݵİƼ˶¡
޾ǱģһĲޣ޺ã̫ϻϲȻϲÿ޿Ȼʿ޶Ľ
̫ϻʻҪѹù㣬Ǵ󽫾ٹĽ㣬ûĽޡ
ŮʲôûС
ŮƯȴһٶʧȥ
浹ù㺦ޡ
òףиûУҲˣ޾Ǳģ
ûлشϵ۵ֿƣƣû취ô
̫ˡ

˵̫ϵۻû
ϡ
Ůæ·ϺӾڿޡ
ſڲȥôޡ
ϵۻ˵޲
ſڵľҲû˵
ˣ㲻øǶˣм仰Ҫ˵ĸرܰɡ
̫Ŵ˳ȥʣ¹ϵˣֵһһš
ϵ˵Ҫˣûʲô˵ô
ϻúõģ취
ߣ㻹ӣ޺ǲϲ
ҲҪûϲģҲϲ
ϲϲҪԸ޿Ȣ
ǣɣԸˡ
ϵ۱۾ǻϣ
忴ϵۣϵס˹֣úôֻĽ
Ȼϲ㣬ȻɽޣҪɡ
ڹУȵɡ
ǿӸ㣬ڴԺȮκ첻Ըȫǡ
ã
ϣ
ˣתܿģ
ɫ˻˰
ϵ۵ɿǶ˶ûӦˡ
ڴϷƵȾ˲ŽţϿյģƿ۴ŵϵۣȥ˿Ѿˡ
λε˳ȥƿվڴſڳ濴ȥ˵ްˣ
£̫ǽţϵ۵ķȥˡ
æ˹ȥȸ̫һҩ衣
̫ȥţҲʼ˴ɥ
ּҪȥ顣
Ҳû뵽ϵһͳʲôǵˣûв⣬Ҳû˵Ƕ˻ϡ
ֽӵȥּ⣬ˡ
һ߹Ҳ鵽˾ϣʱһֱ겻ᣬܵĻᷢʲô顣
ϵ죬ƽҹȰȥƳƳоȻɢһأͷŵһ飬סеһӣƿƽվ
˭ˣʺ΢΢
ˡ
ƽ˵Ƴתעžϵļֳ񣬺ȻͲ˵ˡ
̫ȥ
Ƴľ㣺̫˵ʲô
˼ɼģ˵¶Σˡ
Ƴȥ׼ɽ
Ƴſڵʱ˰ɫߵù£ϵۿͷȥײǰ餣˵뿴ϡ
ԵΪѣҪȥҲûӡ
ɩɡߵǰƿ餣Ƴߵһ߳濴ȥ
ϵ۵ɣϴεۡ
Ƴ룺ҹΪ顣
˿Żɩ
ˣǻϣңˣҲƳ˵ˣȻǵϹŵľô뿪
檽رܡ˵
Ƴδᣬȥ׼һ£ϲ
ҹҲƳһֱ顣
ǰ£㻹ðɣ
Ƴƣͷá
ڰ
Ƴ̧ŰƣΨһһΪĵˡ
Щ֪˵ЩʲôƳϵ۶꣬ǲϲͺϵۡ
ϵȻŴƳݺƳûк
˵᲻á
ȲЩ˵˺ͺˣԥ
ȥɣһһᡣ
Ƴ齫۾ϣ뿪
һҹƳʼϥţ飬һ˸ϵ顣
ϹͶ˿Ŀ꣬Ĵţ巴ʺ죬ȥˡ
סæȥƳ̽һ£ȻѾûкˡ
Ƴ黺ɿ紵ȴûе¡
£ƳһԲ
ʵۼݱʺȥ˴Ƿ׷۵飬ԭմɥҲĳ˾졣
ź
ǺµĲϵ۵δ֤ϵ˶ǰһ涼ŮҲ޽˵¶
ǵ֮᲻
޶ô£
Ůվŵ˵ϡ
ŤͷȥѾš
ôˣŲ֪ô죬ˣ޳
㣬߰ɣ
Է˵ѾŮ˸ӷŵžߡ
˲
ճţͱ־ס
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ˴˱˴

һƿˣ̿ͣץ̿ͣ
תһŵϣ죡
ŶԷ
ֻǿһᣬ۵׵Ѿƿ̿͵ʱ򣬶Ϥ뷨ϰѽ䵽ĲϣΪⳡϷ
ֻǵͷһۺӣĿɨΧ˺߳Ĺ塣
һƣӵϣ־
˼¶ϵ֣һӢݳ֡
Ц㲻ߣҾɱ⺢ӣ
忴һۺӣδ˵
̼ĺҪҪ˺Ⱦȹ
忴źˣԷ㣬Ѻӷ£ԵûֻҪģ
Ŀ䣬óû˾һУ޷֣Ǿ˵¶ˣֻΪ߳Ȼһ򾡣
˵㣡ʹ塣
嵭Ȼôģ֤޷ǵȽ죬׵˹Ȼһ˹uͣһֲģһʲô˱ѾµˣֻΪ֮ˣ㱾ղɱǣ뿪׻ǣ
ȻһЦһۻѽѽСŮޣֻ̧סҿĸŮҪôģǿ˹
͵仰ΪˣΪ㽾ҳеΪձĿľΪҪץ㣬Ϊɨɾ˴Ļ֮
̧֣ΧٹѾ׼תס˾ĸŮס
ǰˣ
ִˣ
˱۾Ѿ¼ʮ֧
˻ӻû£Ҫӡ
ץס˵壬治ҳ
˰֣ˣ뿪ˣӣ
彫˻ĺӱûбϵ۾İɣɱŮ
忴Ǳ
Ůðıɱɱ
˵ʲôŹ׷ȥȴѾ£֪ɣҲй򣬶ҹǳ
Χ˻Ķ֣屧ŻСŮޣ̧ͷžȻûҲûҪˣûģ֡
ŽϣȴһҼ뷢Ҳ޷ѡ
ϵļѾȫѪ
忴ŵѾȥˣת뿪
ڵϣ˫Բɡ
˹Ѿʬ˵ʬϵһͻա
ƿŽ幬Ǳߵ̣֪Ѿˡ
žиӣȥſڵȡ
屧źӻӭȥѹ廳ĺӽ˹ҡ
ѺӸƱ˵⺢ƽĶˣΪտɡ
ǹ
Ѿ̿ͺˣҲһת뿪ƿŻ۵СŮޣģת
˿Ҳһ£ʲôûʣģǸĵˣúÿأ
ȡûУ
һ£ֻûУȡʲôֺأ
⺢Ӱž㣬ɡ
˿Űɡ
ţҪ£Ȼȥɣúտġ֪æߴ뿪
ƻЩĵ²˵ 
˿⣺϶ҵĶӣ黨ǲݣһֲȢ˼ң˭֪˼˺ˣͶˡ
ˣˡ
š
뿪˱Ѷϱˣϱﲻô£Ѷ̽˹֪¹ش󣬺Ĳʣ¾͵ˡ
һаźãƻ˹
ҪտɥҪ׼ǻ飬𶯣Ҫȹ̡
̫һֱûôԶҲġ
صаƱ㿴վ̨ϵĹ壬Ͷվ˿Űߡ
뵽֮ǰϵҲվ̨ʵվ￴ʲô
룬̨Ϊ̨ʵȴǾߵĵطԿǡ
ϣǲʹģҲֻվ￴
ģȴֻܿ
һʵҲܿɱ
ȥӶЩ꣺㵹˵ΪλҪıʿ㶼ڱ֮ϣҪλҲ㡣
ĲףʲôˣˣˣʺҲˣţǱҪλ
һôͳĻλ
᲻ðĿӰƵƿת磬պȥûˣ㻹Ǻúÿǣ棬ﶼȥ˵ʱ򣬾ܣ
ߣǻϣѱڴ˴Ѿˣ˶һ̥µĵǸŮС屧ҪһεĻʵۡ
΢Уң
ߣ˻ʵۣ㿴Ҳң
Ǳ͸һѡʮӽô죿
ǱҲһѡʮӣô죬Ůӣͷ⽴Ե⣬һᡣ
һ߹ȥŶǻϵʱѾ˹
ҪǾǹȻΪУֻø˵Щʲôˣǰӣ˵Ͷ֮ʲôᡣ
ȥԭһ˲ŭǷ޶Ǻöôݣ
ߵǰ˴˱˴ˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ǻ

Ĳ᣺Ǹʲôط
ոջº͵Ķһ۸ӣɫˡ
̫ƿ۹壬ɫҲãҪ˵Ķˣ֪ôˣʲôû˵
ߵһߣ۵׳ʵۣһҪץɱ
ɱ˵һӡνǰ˭ֻվڿɹ۵ĽǶȥ顣
ȥվ˵ۡ
Ʊ磬뵽ϵ۵һˡ
ûУʲôȥԴһڵȻʺ󣬻ʺԽԽԶΪʲô
ûɱ˻ʺİˣֻ˹ϵĶڻʺϣΪӪʺǻһǸ˵ġ
ɱأͲһˣͲɢΪѶɱˣǸˣӮˣҲʲôòΪʲô
Ϊ˾ˣӮ˵ġ
˴ܴһȭʵڵģˣʲô
ӣûЩĶǣûʲôŮ˽飬ĶڴϣѾ˺ӣĶŶʲôأ
ûش뵽ʱˣ˶ӣ壬ɱҲᱻԭ¡
ţӦ׶ǽ⡣
תʳǣңҲ᳼ǿǰ
ɫãƿ
Ҳ˵ˡ
Ʊ죬ɫһԲӬƵģ˵ؼһܺã
û˵˵
˵ɣҲ֪˵ʲô
ưһ۹壬˵
屳֣һˬ
ߵһߣҪǵǻˣǻϣ㻹ҸϽа壿
˼ʷӢ۰ŮҲˣӢŮˣЩȢŵģû¡
ǴȢȢġ
˶꣬ȢˣΪ˶Խǿˡ
ãΪֵô
û˵ƽϵһֻֻӼֵǣƽΪҴ죬϶ûУʱҵϣǶŮĽġ
öҪ˭ܵõ˭ܼԦ
ΪһɱǲҸģΪһҿԸӵǮǮ˲Ƹ˭ҪĽңɱЩˣûĽˡ
µһĹ¶û˼
㲻õֻӣҺúðЩûеõ˸ʰ·磬òԾõġ
Ϊûֻӣֻ㣬ܰ
žǣ˵ĺվǸӦ
ǾǶĺͿˣ뵽Ϊ˶Բϧһдۣɱѵǳɾô
Ȼ˵˵ȥҪ治֪ЩŮôġ
˦ˣƿ棬ǳĬˡ
¡
ŰƵֹȥƿһû˵ʲôתƳ̨ߡ
ȥ˵үô
ʲô֡
ɻյĻ
ͣ£ô֪ģ
ܿ
£
һˬҲЦҲÿ£֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻ˯֪ʲôˡ
ŰƵ֣¶ǵˡ
֣үɣ
Ը֪ģɣƼɣƱ˽⣬ŪԲ
ү˽⣬ҪŪ飬ҿû˵
Ʋ˵֪
ƺЦү
⻰˵˵ûо
Ҫ
˵˶ҪñӦ
үǻҪȵɥô
ţ⼸ʱסڹӦǺӵˣ书ҲһʱţҪҵǲС
үʲôˣ
йϵǱ߱һֱţŬбǵûв룬Ӧ׺Ѿ磬һصڳ֣ɫӦӦȴˡ
š
뿪̨һճУƻҪȥ˸Ǳߣÿʱţҹ˳ȥ
ɥ󣬶ǻ
ǻ˴˰գײ볯Ϊٵ飬ˣ׿ɿְλϮ
ǩ飬
ϣ򲻿ɣ
æǰĿ䵭ºͣǲԸԵޣ޻˵
Ǵ޲ǾʵۣҲˡ
ŵù£Ҫλǳ˱ȵˡ
˲ͷĺԴڵϣȰ
ۼǣ޲ڹϲɣ޻ʱ˽ãñ޵Ƥӵ·£ɱǣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ƽ

Ǵ󱦣ֶΣ˳ϵˣǰµЩ˸ûʲôô
ϳգ㲻ȥˡ
ڼҲæµ˳ȥ˻ꡣ
ѯ˵Ű±ˣû֮û
Ƶˡ
ҵӥʣӥ˵ȥˡ
ʱ乬嶼ϲŭɫϵ۲û飬϶Ǳܲ
³͢ȶˣҲ̲סˡ
ҹȥ˻꣬˻Ȼڻվţȥߵǰ
ţүأ
ү棬һֱûûڡҲģֲΥ
ƻͷ۷ӥš
ƽ˱˻꣬ϵᰲҲ·ˡ
һյȥ˻档
Ĺϵ۵ģһͤ棬һ
Ǵĵطͽȥǵ޵ڣǱߵ޸ȫͬ
ͤ棬ȥ濿ţͣһ£Ҳȷǲ֪ûлͷ˹ȥ̨ ߵǰ
ûûȣӳĵǺïʢ
ưѵ˸طҺãڹǰˡ
忴ۣţڼңôˣ
м¸ү˵Ƶ
ӵȻ޲ʲô£
үŹַŵϣº͵ģоֻǾˣҲ֪ʲôˡ
ˣţѰƺúõı˹ȥ
ӦǸŮɡЦ¡
忴۰ƵĶӣ֪Ƹʲô
ԼĺӵȻˣѵүˣ
ŮԼǣӾҪģҪ
һǹŮôҪģүЦΧ˿Ĺϡ
Ѿˣʲôܵõ
Ҫӿ϶С
Ҫһʬأתתߡ
ƿһĹתߣķϷתĹƬ̡
ʲôûˣŵʱжԻ͡
ת뿪ʱ򻹾ãڱ
תûˡ
˲Զ͵ˣȥҲû˵Źߣߵ棬ƻͷһۣתҲˡ
µ۵ǻķ½ĹҶ˺񣬽ĺĲһ꼴ʲô飬ҲֻƽĺҪ¡عغܶࡣ
ϵ۵ǻʱֻʹأҲֻƽ
ĺ񣬲󣬾ǺҲͬѰ
һɺɺĺһĺܡ
ȻıҲǵһμɽ
һЩ˿һڣıʯǧţİٶ࣬һǧ飬Ŷ̾
ǹŮһЩֻ
ɲҪ˻ȥ˵ֻ£Ůˡ
ǻĺƽķ½Ҳ
ｫƲҩҽݶˡ
ڵĹϰˣһЩⷿݵˣ˹׬ӣֺܷ죬ƽ׬Ǯǵ˹
ǿʼʽ뿼ˣ½κִȥʣµˣȥ
̫󲢲ͬ£ִò֣Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻۡ
˸Ҳ볯Ϊ٣ְʷ٣ʷǡ
չУǱҲ˱ţ밲ƹȥһˣ˵ҪҪȥ
ϼҴڣźӸ˹ȥ
ûžͿܼſȥĵš
Ƶ˽ǰܼæŲ˲ʱ򣬻ͷ󺹵ģʵ
ôˣǲҵ£
ҲǣǷˣͲһֱͷۣҽ˿ҲûʲôţѽżˡܼҼæ߰ơ
úõôͷۣǲܷˣ
ƼæȥƽӣԴƽףľͲ࣬ҲǾãƽͰм찲
Űæȥƽʱ¡
Ƽٿôżһæʣǲˣôúõ ͷۣ
סƽ֣ôۣʲôʱʼģ
ҹúõģǽ磬ûˡ
Ӷˣᶼſڰſ֪ùˣѾ˵ˡ
ĸſſŵģССϻϣÿζҪôᣬֻĽ
СϻˣҲˣСᣬͷͦصģԺһߴˡ
æңô죿
㰲㣬ôˣôƵģ㲻СЦ
Цʲô쿴𵢸ˡżĺܣǲƵЧʡ
ϸŰʣƽ׶ˣ
¡Ǽǵú
ưÿת壺ȥŪһ÷
죬÷β
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ 

һ÷ƣһ÷ƽƽ÷ԺһЩڴϱ㲻ˡ
żôˣ
ôأ÷ǸиԵġ˵¸ƽһ£˼⣬ƽҲ˵µĿˮȷʵûΪ˼Ҳûʲô
²ˣƽ
ƽҪϢû
һЩ飬ΧԺòʲôö̥ԺӲá
ʳҲҪע⡣
ӰӳƽмʱעһЩҲҪȥűš
Ӷܹɣʵʵĵͷ
뿪Ҳˣưæȥʣ᲻£
ŮǺƽ飬£ʹŮǿ£ŮӣǺٻµġ£
ٻǲģ˶Ż£ôͷΣ˵תġ
иǲһģЩӻûӦˡƾûУŮ˵һ̥ǸҪģһ㷴ӦûС
⺢ӰݵĺܣôҪأ
ʣôȥҲǰ취
ҪǻҪȥ̣ȥȥ
ɫ˳ôȥ̣ⲻõЦô
ǵ㵱겻ǰҷŵȥô
ǵ꣬ǲ֪֪Ȼ뿪˵תȥƽ
ֳʰƣͷܲܲܣ
ϢӪĶԵ÷һдһ˵ĳԣúûӪҲǴСеģһǸŮһզզھǲãô죿
һˣæ˵һú˵֣ƣϸ룬ʲôģдϣõʱʲô¡
š
ȥдӣֻ￴ƽһĹˡ
дŵ˵һӣ㿴ҵϲãٿүϲãүԼһ
˲ǰշǱߴϢŮȷʵռı£ഫǼ飬⺢Ҫģνܣ
ǲẢӵ飬ܽܣӱ㲻ܽܣҲ˲
дõӽŵȥйܼңԺ￴羰Ϊӵĵϲ󣬹ܼЦĺϲ£죬һ˵ǽĴˣ񽫾ˡ
ûʣƲǣ
ܼһæŽͣȻǣֻվүҵˣһ
ҲǣҲھᣬ۹ܼҹȥС壬⺢ӽ췸·Ͼ˯ϻ˯ˤ
ѶӱͿüиһ£ȥˣת˰Ƶǰ
ơ
ŶüĵĶĴָô󣬹ȥġ
Ǳ˵
ţǻȥɡ岻ģҪȥ
ƿƽǱߣҲǺܷġ
ܸҽ͹ҽˣүȻȥȵȵȣС岻£˵Ǳؾ֮·ҪмβС
ǱҲºˣȥ㿴Ǽ彻ˣСȥ濴ӣСǺͰľû׼ӭӷ顣
ҽܸҽ˵ҲҪû˵ԭ򣬵Ҫˡ
СϻѾ˴ϻС岻ȥ̿Ͱ͵ĿǱߣƿС巽򣬵ţҲ£ſڣСϻɣǼ档
Сϻεһɫһ죡
Сϻŵſ˵ϣͰ͵Ŀơ
˵ҵһƤô죿
˵ŰˣСϻһջȥҪȽº
Сϻίˣ۰ƣԴŵצϣצӸסԴ
˵ҵģ˭ˡ
Сϻ÷ʺצӰ۾ڵסҿƣƿ򰲽֪ȥҸ˵˵
ĿһСϻ¿ԣҪٺУͰƤպýҪӡ
СϻһȥƵ£ס۾
ת档
ƵͷСϻӶЦˣôһֻϻôȥºҲУѲɻܰƤ
С㣬治ϻܼҿҲǲ֪Կڡ
ôƵǺˣ̧ͷܼҡ
ܼ˵ŻƤ˵·ɽʱֻٵϻϻһһۣʱǰֻϻ̾᲻ߡ
ֿȭֻϻȻŻƤ
ŻƤƺܸȤˣǿǺö
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ͵Ƥ

ܼҵ֪ˣ˻ǲ֪Ͷ˵һ䣺ǵýǷŵˣﲻ֪
ƿһۼӣӱˡ
ǶûȥΧСϻܼһҪŰȥæˡ
󱦱ܼˣȥߵĻЩ̣Ȼܽʵ֣ߵ͸ڵŲ
Ƹں棬Сϻ±Ƥ£ȥˡ
浹ǿ󱦱ˣʲôʣӻ߿ʼûţǾʡ
ҪһһƤûҵ֣Ҳôܷŵ
ûҵСϻǲ֪
Сϻߵ̫ʦǰ̧ͷתǰһǽڣǽϹһǽڵĻ
ϸ˿ѻժ򿪺һľţСаףƿͷͷϵӣŪŪԣȻˡ
ЦЦ򿪿棬ȻŻƤóϸĿ˿ĶˣȻʲôó涼ûУǺܸɾǻŵϻƤƤӡ
ϲϸϻԴϵƤǻϻƤ
ƺϲ
СϻҵҲˣԺҲˣȥ÷ӥȥסˣŵĶ滤ţһȥ
Сϻ۾Űƿ֪ˣðסСϻͷϡ
ȥſڿһۣȷûˣŰСϻŻȥСϻһš
˼Ҳ⣬СϻҲҧˡ
˵Сϻҧ˵ϻþ͸ɵһ
Сϻţһھ͵棬̫һȥһƣƥӲס
ӥ˼СϻԵģ˸ϳˣϳǰġ
һ⣺ȥʲô
£ҪȥһˣðСϻͻȥôƤ鷳
㻻һŪˣҲϴϴצӡ
ƣ˵Ѿˡ
˹ĹŮǲ׳ģʺҲ᲻öڡ
Щûˣ鼫䷳ꡣ
ӥ뿪ˣſڵš
ư¹λû˷ִżӴȥƽ
󱦱ſſſһ¶СԴȴҿ
⹫ҪСϻƤˣҪƤǲźá
ƽţæŽǽȥ
ùÿƽһʱĲӶųģȻϲ
󱦱۰⹫á
ôɣ⹫õġƽǱߣɲ
ûС
û󱦱󱦱ŻĽš
ƽѼ絽ߣ᲻Ե㶫ǼùûԷʲô
ĸܽйùáȥ£Դǡ
󱦱굽ƽߣĲ˵ǻѧѧˣ
ѧĻеֲ塣
ǾҪǸĿڲѣѵǱ̫ˣȳ鷳ǵĳֲˡ
󱦱ش𣬾ǿŰ
˵ĸǶԵģùü޸⹫ĸˣܽйùˣУĸСˣ˵˵Ǿ˾˻ǹùã
󱦱ֺ󣺡˾ˣ
֣ôͬ
ƣ˵أƽҲϲкŮȽϳԿҲܺܺá
ƿżӣ֪Ǿ˾ˣ
С˵˵
֣ô֪ģ
СС塣شһЩ
üСôʵģ
ڳ⹫͹ùóףСǱ˵ҪС壬ŮһôС˵Ǹ˾ˣ
ƵһС˵Ǿģһ̥к
ЩãȻһߵҲû˵
иŮˣӾ͹ˡ
ƽҲͷţкϲϲô
ϲصĺ
ƽ˿ӣ˾˳Ҫúý̵ҪˣҪ
֣ǲ̵ܽ˾ˣԼ̵Ҫ˾˽̵
󱦱ƽ߲ñ⹫ӳȥ
ס϶
һش
ܾƽ˵Ǽסˣûչˡ
ϸĵͷΣǼڣס£
ƿŽϱ
ƽһίҲܳţһûˣӳ׵񣬳ȥӶٵģ˵ȥˣǼҲѵסһ¶ѡ
סɡ˿̣סⴲϣҽ׼
ˣЦġƽֻǿ۰ˡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ͵Ƥ

󱦱Ըס£ưѼ󱦱ƽ뿪ˡ
ƽܸˣ뿪ӻż󱦱ڽתһȦ
뵽һ£ˣҪƽú׼ӣҪǻ̫࣬Ǻϻ𣬶˲á
뵽ԼŻƤƳ޵ʱ򵱼ױ϶硣
ʱϣûó
ȥ׼ѻƤó˰񰲽סˣƤأ
˰죬ûҵƤͲˡ
ȥʹܼң˭ˣ
ܼҺ޹Ǹսȥ
ϻˣ
ûʲôˣֹܼƤˣ
ƣȥƽűʼ󱦱ȥûȥ󱦱ҡͷ
ôˣƽ⡣
׼˸ױĻƤˡ£ɫ㲻á
ƽ֣ôúõĶˣ
֪ʮˣʱûģ֮ǰ׵ʱóƤڣԭױһͬȥ⹬壬ûպ˵
䣬ů̸ǣȻˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򶪵ġ
ΣϧŻƤˣϻ
ƽ˼۶Сһǣ
˾ͶˣԺлᣬҲ䣬ůءƽЩΪ飬˵źЩƤˣڰ˵ǼͬСɵ顣
գﰲˣ飬ܲ鵽ġ
Ҳá
ƻصǱߣѻƤ˵ˡ
һŸɣҵǣԲ˶ߡǾãһɡ
Щź˵ұСһţһŵģ˵ûˡ
˼ҵģ㻹ôֱ׳㲻ŻƤֿ
ôɣҪױãŻƤǶ飿
ǾͰСϻȥ磬ܿһԺϻҪǲ˾ͳˡ
ûȥ¡
ȥ˵ƤǱߵġ
С£ȥҰˡ
֪£գʲôʱߵģ
׵ʱ򣬱ʲôŵİ棬㿴һۣĺܺãˡ
ոƸ߱һƤ£Ҫƽϡ
Ҳ¡
ȥ
ոձ˵ƴһš˵
Ȼ˵˵
ơ
һ뵽ģŮҲͷ⣬һһš
һŰɣʣµû
һСȥȡ
ת뿪Żȥ
ӣһŵ˵ˣĵĿϧһŻƤ˭ǡ
ҹϢһ£һŻƤҲǿԵġ
Ƹ˵£忴˿ʱûƤҪҪ
Ƥ
˯˯һҲ
£ϱӰ۾ϣתȥûĽƹϡ
ƤڰƵ˸££һŻƤƷ
СǹСǣСǺϲѻƤڵϣ˯ʱ
ѻƤңأС˵ƶá
룺ﻹŪһţã
԰СǵĸãСǺܶ£ͷŰơ
ҡͷûأȸ㣬Ҫó˻ûУסһǵҪúտþС
š
СǴӦţȻô˵ǺҪŻƤ
ĶչҪ͵ȥ´ŷӥȥ˶㿴ʲô԰æģȥ˲֪ĺöܶࡣ
омǧƥҶϵϡ
˵ǹ壬Ҫ¼
ȥôľмǧţҿſű˲á
ץһѣ˵ûǮⲻô
£ȥ棬ܿ찲ƾҵ˺öﾹȻһŰ׻Ƥ
ƺϲûùġ
ûȥǸá
գƷŵŶӾˡ
忴ƵĶЩ֣˹ȥ
˰Ƶߣʣʲô
˵ʲôûС
ûôô󣿡û뵽ѧ͵ˡ
Ŷӣǿˣ⺢Ӹ˲ͬҪȻȥоﲻãүæ˾ͻ
ƱŶӾˡ
忴ŰƼæĻӥ˵үˡ
š
嵽ϲŻűȥ˰ǰأ
һ֣ʲô
ãһ߿һ߿ƣղձû취ȥ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ʳ

Ƿ񽻴ƾͲˣûоûС
˵˰죬§ס徹Ȼ˯ˡ
˯ڻİƣ˼תǧأԭѰ§ڻսǰƣƱѣ˰ϡ
ڶ㶫ʱרžҪһƤûҵ
û֣޵ĻƤأ
δԴ
һ֣ôʲô㶼ϡǻƤҪģ޲ƽϣҪ޺û꣡
彫۽⿪ϰ˳ɣδб˽ңʲôƤƤҲûѲɳȱϵһŻƤ
ҲĬˣҽݣҩҽѧԺ˵ҪҽѧԺ˶ԴˣȥϼѣҲףӣ˵ǸɵйôһŻƤ
Ѳ鷳
忴һ۷ۣתˡ
˳ȥ߿࣬˺Ц϶ȥˣҪ϶Ҫ鵽׵ģһŻƤϺαؼƽϣܵܡ
׼ģô
ûأͻˣϾͱҪˣǿԳȥ㲻˵ôεĻûˣ˳Ϊð£ҲϴСˡ
ʣڣôڣ
ɵô㲻ǰôôܲϳȥŵǸϰӣֵܿأǰҲᰮϣǱȥͲ
ţûˣǸóȥˡ
޻·Ŷˡ
ϣǲǺܺãĿģ˺ܸˡ
һ˵ԺҪչٲУҲóй䡣
ϣ㰮ˣΪǲչ٣ֻҪ£Գ㣡
š
˵ſڣ˿һⲻǻô
æǰ¸ۿͷ
ɣñ⣬жͶͳˣ޽ģڳ˵䣬Ͱչٻؼˣʮԣһ֮˲˴֣Ǹģޣ޺ͻʺ󡭡Ǻȥ
ϵ˵űŴ󸹱˽ŵ˶߶£֪ʲô顣
۴Ժſվŷӥӥ̵ϥ¹򣺡μϡ
۰˰֣ɡ
ﰲ̰ѻƤŵ˹棬ǳ˳飬֪ˣ
ƿСǣСǿģҪѡһ£ϲĸ
Сǽ㣬պҪտõģȻҪһЩ
СҲʶʲôС˵ףһȥҵҲ
š
Ƶͷ屧СȥſڣƿſѾǰǰȥСǷ¡
С˼ ˸ӣСǲμϣʺ
СԣˣԺ˹ǶͶϰմǰɡ˵Ȼƺ͹Ҳ˹˵ͷ
μϣʺ󡣡Ҫվɵģڹ巴ûп䵭
ôˣ
΢΢һ£治ӡ
Ǹģڳ֮ϣ㣬ȻһŻƤҲõģƢȻǲԵġǴ뷨˵
䵭Ŀۣ˵ҲȥȥˣպҲˡ
ô˵ģȥˣ㻹ȥⲻǲӣ
ָָ壬һһ͵ģߵǰסֱۣ㣬Ҹ˵
ȥ˵ˣСҲԼԺӣ⼸վʦˣҪȥ׼˳Ƥġ
۵˶ˣѼӸˣ˵ͱ𲻸̨ˣѴˣ㻹ʲôִֵģЩ˵Ȼ˱ĻƤҲܰ㣬⼸ίһЩҲڷһЩ
ѾС˵жǹuͺ˷磬ϴν˾ǣھֵ£ǵͼıǾͲˡ
ʵΪƤֻǽڣģ
˵˦˦ȥ£Ͳ衣
£ֵܱ㶼˵ˣŻĵط
ƴȥ󱦱񼸸󱦱Ѿʼѧʶˡ
̵ǵıСѧõ棬ТĵĿڳǲ壬˵𻰻ЩɣеҲˡ
վ˵Ľ
ҲһȺģʲôĽġ
ǵģ㣬ûУ׻ûгǼȻܶԻɩ֣Ͳô
ţר׼ģǳӣѾˣʲô飬֪ͨңҲ㡣
һֻҲѡģҸǱģұССڸȥҪߣҲҶã˵ֻҲܴԭ׼ҪӋOõģСӋO粽룬ʱá
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮһ ӋO֮

˿ǰĺɰ򿪿һ棬ɰһСӡ
ȥһ£Сһҧס˵ָڣˣںɰ棬˿ѾûµָСӳ
ǳӵĸ棬ҲһֳֻǹƳ棬ǳѪģ֮ͻģ˵ֻҲ֣ѾܳʱˣһֱǲԲȵģû뵽񷴶Ѫˣ֮ҲԵˡ
ô˺˷ܣĸ˵ȡһ֡
˵Ҫи֣Ȼ̫ˣҿгӡ
ӴӺɰɵ˵ķ˿棬ſſţɫġ
Ƹ̾ĶǶԡ
֣ô˵
˵һֻʮˣһˣǰߵ⣬ûһѡϵģкܴĲͬ׼ŮãӋOҲûҪ˼㣬˵˵Ļȴߣʲô֪֪ʱС֪ͨˣڿҵҪҵˡ
Һңǲǳӣ˰ȥ˵ۿͷĳӳƬ̣ȥ
ӱ굽˺ɰ棬Ųˡ
۵٩Ӻ˶һǺߵġ
Ųǡ
˵õӸһ죬ϸ۲뿪
뿪ں濴˰죬תȥҲҪ׼ͷպ뿪ˣ˵ҪȥɽˮȻҸԴǺ飬ʵϸƵĸо˻ûס֮Ҫôľ뿪Ϊ
ȥպģ˻ϢܲƿŽȥǷʲô
˰ʱ˲Ľǽȥź͹š
Ѿ룬Ů۵׼뿪ˡ
ʣ˵뿪ô
ջҪ鷳ҹҲͲصˡ
ϻֲദ֮ЩĸദãرʱСۣѾԻȻƽȴû¾ԺСãҪҲк˵ĲòǼʶˡ
ƽѾУǲϲҵߣƺѡ
ϲͲˣôˣҲںһûĵһƾǿǸû˼˵
˵ԵټģҲˣ㺢ӳʱܸϻһ㡣
ǸûĵģǶû
˶˵棬Ҳ
˼䣬˳
ѾһƬ嵽һ·Сģ˱ˡ
ʼӰζһ£ͲӰˡ
־Ǹ֣ƱĵĿһۣתظ
ƽղˣ
ûĵģʲô˵ģ
޲ɢ֮ϯҪߵģˣ߾ҪסˣѵҪס£
סûֻҵѾףƽҲѾϲҵĺѣҪ¹ϲһ£Ǿˣ˿ߡ
Ůȥ磬С֮ˣǲǴкǵﶼˡ
˵ڵʱôûƴȤ彫ס
ڵʱҲֻ̫࣬ûע⵽ˡ֪࣬Ů˵ĺûġ
ͽƷҲ׼뿪˻ӋO뿪˵ȥ˰ķ档
ŰѾʰˣӋOڽƷĻﱧš
СվĲˡ
ƱЩΪˣ̫СģִҪߣȻӋO
СִӋOҲܲܡ
ˣӷֿǻģǶСôã
Ҳǿġ
뷨֪ҲסﲻȥҲӋOμʲôѵˣ˵ĶԣҲΪӋOҲ᲻ãȥ֮һǣͷİɡ
˵ҲδŰɣǱȻôˣҪҪӋOѡֻһ취Ǿǳ֮죬ǷһʱҲһʱ˺ľӋO
ӋOվǵĺӣҪȥġִҪߣסתС壬Сˡ
ȥС壺С壬̫СˣﲻȥҪӭʦҪҽѧԺ飬;ıҲá
С촽˵ӋO
ӋOһŤͷſ˽ƷļϣȻ£ӋOǿ´Сһĺߺ߶һȡ
Ҳɣˡ
˵ˡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ֵŮ

תȥСſ˰Ƶļϣһ¾ˡ
Ƶͷӣĸ˳ȥ
ߵſڰС壺С壬ҪҪȥԴȥ
Сҡͷ˫۴͡
ˣŹ壺үô죿
ô죬˼Ҫߣܹô
ûİС屧ߣС巢ˣǵһ۾ûɣ嵣ĳ£Сȥһһģձ£չС塣
ҲæҪ׵飬ֿʼңαһ򾡡
ƿŶǣСһֱúõģӋOһ߾ˣҵ¡
ȷˣ취ɡ
һҹû˯С壬СһҹûڰƵţԷһڲˮҲȡ
ߵ磬һ˴Сȥӷ飬ճžͿҽ͹ҽ˽û鰲ЩȻ
أ
ҹ͵ˣߵҪҽңѾˡ
ܸҽ˱ðˣҿòǰˣ뵽ֵطһ󲻺Ҫ̤̤ģɲϲ
תƻ˾ӸǱߣһûСǰƾ͸뵽ģС͸ˡ
ߵСǷǰţСǡ
ſڣСæȥţ
Ŵ򿪣Ƴ濴ȥȻţһʤѪĲʳ˼̻
˳Ů˶ÿǲӦЩŮ˿ô

ɡ
鿿һߣĿڰƵתһӲ㵹ԽͿˡ
ллޡ
ȥǰ±˵㿴
鿴Сһ£ô£
˵ҹӋOˣӋOǡͣϡ
ҹСѾӋO˵ˣջСȥģСɲһã
ǰ׼Ҳˣ˲ǺôС忴ǻ뿪
ʦСô죿Сæ׷ʡ
鿴۰ƣô룿
һ£ʱ뿪ȻұСȥˡ
СˡСѣƿȥС忴ơ
Ҳߡ
С嵭ģЩ۲ѣæŰС屧˻ڻˡ
ѰȥʹѪ⣬ȴʹĳǡ
ЪϢҽջ飬ҪСߣʵǲġ
š
ᰲƣջҪȥһ˹Ҫȥ޹޹Ѿûˡ
ƳСǸ˳ҪŰƣ˵ʦջ㲻ظˣʦ߰ɡ
С岻°ɣСǵС壬Сǵͷο
İɣС岻£úչġ
š
Сתȥҷ飬ƲűСȥҽѧԺǱߣ˳ܸҽ͹ҽϣ˻ʱҪһʱ䣬ƶżˡ
·ϷӥţҽѧԺƽܸҽ͹ҽʽΪҽѧԺλʦ
ҪԱڿΡ
һʮˣѡʮ˳ȷǵĸλ󣬰ƻҪܸҽǡ
ưܸҽҽѧԺ֮󣬱Źҽȥҩ
ҽҲ뿪ˣҲʹˣҩ£ʲôҩİƶ׼ģҽһ۾ܿ
ҩҽƷġ
Ʋ뿪
ҽǱߣĲû٣ֻ˶ܿһ棬ҲǲΡ
ҲϰסԺҩ뿪ˡ
ҽݵ˲࣬ǰҽԱѾϸڣڶæµ
ɫߵˣûҵ
ˣģƲ鷿ʱһŮӿߣˣһȥɣҲȥɷ֪ҵģֻǶʹҪץҩѣôҹأ
ҽͣ㲻뿪ڲĺأոҲ˵ˣ泤ˣҪ飬ǲҪô
Ҳ֪˵ʲôҪҷߣɷ򡭡
ŮӿţƿűС˽ȥŮӺҽƣƴŮӣɷô
ŮӲ˵ˣҽ˵˵ﳤ˸Ҫ뿪ͻѪҪסԺ˵ûסԺǮҪǮ۳
ԪǲǰҽѧԺҵˣܾտ밲ûôˣҲ󣬲ʲôϣʵ˼ΰƾӹƲš
أ
ȥԷˣһֱһˣϾûԡ

ưѻС彻ӥӥ̱С壬ƿȥŮӴŲףһ˼ҵĹٻŮӣֻƫһЩ
ɷʲôŮӣŮӱ㲻˵
ʲô˵ҽԽͣŮһǰƣܡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ҲסԺ

תŮӵſڣûȥͱŶӹ˵ϣҽæ˹ȥŮȥţȥ˿Ůӣ˻رܡ
⿪Ůӵ·Ůӻסˡ
ƿȹӣѹѹȷʵи
ʱԪţŮ·Ҳûرܵ˼ߵ˸ǰվڰվš
ƿ֮Ůæתȥ
ʲô
Ԫʮ꣬ҽңԭڹ£Ǻ̫ҽټ
ö࣬Զǡ
ǸӣҺܿѪҪзգڲȷʲôλãӹ͵г
ŮҲ֪Ԫ˵ʲôҪߣ˫кɫҺ
˵׼һ¡
Ԫȥ׼ƷԸӥȥһŮӵļңɷ
ǡ
ӥ뿪С彻ҽҽ㲻뿪
Ů󣬰ƽϴϴתȥ濴С壬Сʼձ۾ǲӡ
Ԫƿһۣһ̥ΪӲµµʱɾɵġ
̫ûרҵľδǺӱ⣬ûб־ͳ̥̥١
ԪʣҪסԺô죿ûﲻˣβǺˣɷ򡭡
ǲ˵˭֪ο֪ôأοոյǲɣǲ뻹ţҪˡ
Ԫû˵֪ҽϵȫҪǷŵΣ
ƵͷС壬ˣ
ôˣԪЩԣ
ģ׵ϱؼˣƢأ
Ԫһ£ŷӦ
ôСĺӣ͸ˣҪǲϲô죿ԪûټˣҲ̫Цˡ
תԪȥС£㲻Ҫ˵ġ
ҽݲŸոɫʱҪˣ˭ý
ԺﴫһֵƿǱˣһ̫̫Źȣһˣ˷̫̫һһ˵СţСš
ˣ
̫̫Ӳһͷ׵ͷ·ġ
ƿӥں棬ʱôˡ
Ԫ˵Ƚȥܾ
ƺǺˣҪܾŵǺˣ¾Ų
¡
ƵȻ̫̫ѾߵˣͣΪƣĹȳŵһ£Ǹأ
ƶû̧ͷ̫̫˵ļ˿Ǳ
ǣ
̫̫˰죬ŵ̫̫ͷȿһʼҵĶ
̫̫۰ƣϸһᣬǺһЦҪΪô˵̫̫ˣΣǵϣҲ
ϣ̫̫˵ӲǼȻˣ±͹ܶˡԪš
Ԫţƿ򲡷棬ڵʩе㲻ȫ׷ۡ
Ҳתơ
ʱŮѾ۵Ĳˡ
ĴϢ۵ѾС
˵ȥ룬ͦס
Ԫȥƿ̫̫ʲôˣ
Ҽҵͯϱţڡ
Ŷأֿһߵˡ
˳òǸСʱڳŰƿƿŶԷһ˫һۣһͲǺöҲ֪Ϊʲô˫۾ôϤ
ɷ򡣡˵Ҳûнӻֻǿ̫̫
ȥɣﳤ˸ոҸȡ˳Ҫ²´ҪסԺ˵ɷҲ֪Ϊʲôôβˡ
̫̫ǺЦĿǼܳؼң˵ô
Ͽһӣ˭ģŮ˾ѿˣ
˰ܻŷ磬䲻Ҽңʶ
̡
һۿ۰ƣƿˡ
ƺЦ̫̫˼ǣˣҲβ
û˵Ǹдܳ¼
ӥģ鵽ôѯʣӥǰ档
żǸʥϴµģӣʣϷ˴ϱһӣӺҲˣʣӣϷԼϱ
˵ŮӡƲЩûõġ
ӥ˵Ůӳţǽĸ磬Ϸ˴ؼͯϱС̵Ϊ죬һֱ˳ܣ򣬳Żȥˣⷣ򡣡
ôŰҴķȣǷˣ̫̫ʲôץѺΣǸة¡
ץңʥϲھ㵱̫ҲҪӭмԴץ
ƺЦĪ˵㣬ʥڣŰŮӣҲץӥץ
㡭
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ С̥

ָ̫̫Űҧת棬ָ̧Ϸһƣ󵨣㵨֮ˣˣ̫̫ӦʮʹˣӴͰɡ
̡̡ӼҪ֣æŶ㵽̫̫̫̫ĿŰƣ۵ĲƴˣЩ£Ȼߣȴǰۡ
ӥץȥ򡣡
ӥץסӣӵϣ˰ֱӴӻҪҽź̡
̫̫˹ȥҪţҽסֻҪһϵ޷졣
̫̫޵ѾУҺϡ
ŮҲ
̫̫һ䲻Ůӣڵŭˣ㻹ҿ˵ұ죡
Ů̲˵ŵòС
ƿӣŮˣƽŮ۸Ů˵ˡ
Ӻƣү㲻ǵˣүǺˣ㲻ǵˣ
һ£ƺʶ
ӺȻһۣԺ￪ʼǣС尲ƾЩվȣСȻ۾ŴӰƵȥæſӥӥ
Ԫһߣ̷ŰȥţƺʼִԳ˻ԺһЩС۸ʱһСкץס֣˾ڣ·ˣȻͰƵȥ
ԭϣӵ˾ˤ
ǿھǳģԭûеȥû¡
ºԭҲŵüûкùҹҹجΡ
ӥŵòᣬԪҲǣ˫Ѫˡ
ԪǸʲôģҪСˡ
ӥȥү
ӥתߣſھǸةΡٸպùӥΡ˵ҪСȥүүҪǲھȥ
ΡŵˣŤͷߣֱӳ嵽
ոջſڿΡپͣˣΡٿ㺯ˣҽݡ
һͱˣһͷֱӳȥҽݡ
ƻУڰסƵ£ơ
ƻ۾ȫʹǴ֪ʲôԭʶַŵϣһ
үӣ
סƵ֣İɣأոСѪ
뵽С岻ߣС壬Сһߣ֡
ܣã鷳ˡ
Ҫ
źãȱ
š
ƱС壬СۣûˣҲû¡
šޣ壺үǸˣСƴڣСư·ˣСƲϣͰСӵ˾Сû˼¡
ոհ򣬺ʱҾͶ̥
ɫһ˲ӿӣվ
ӥѵŵȥӣǵŵֱ¡
̡̣
̫̫ҪȥǶˡ
壬СӣСʱ򻹽ģ㵨Ҫ˺ӣڶôң㵨ôңҪӣҸûꡭ
һ䵽̫̫Ĳϣ̫̫ŵһ£۾壬ŵò˵
ŮˣŮҪһ˿һ£챾͵㸮ȥ㸮ϵɱˡ
̫̫ɵˣӲǲ˵
ЦҲ˰ɣ
ת忴ӣŵߵӸǰ䵽ӵĿɣŵúˣһ˺
̫̫һ˹ȥ
ŵôҴӿŵѪܵĶǰһڣ˹ȥ
ĵһӣΡ٣ʰˡ
˵ȥŰӥСһ뿪
ԪųȥүҪסԺƣסҲס
үסɣһ䲡ɡ
ƻЩתԪ
ԪŹȥǸɾ廹ǵһȷʵͷӻлƿǽҽͽˣ͸˻֦ǾջļڣŵһЩɽеҰ
źܵš
ŴСһţһţ¹۲ģүСˣۣҲȷˣү˼˵޳𲻳ɸӣŮǸǰˣүǶһЩϧ֮ģȻǲġ
ţԭڵӣһľͷ
ŮȻİɡ
ʵǺǸˣԭҲǣʱûж࿴ԭһۣڣ֮
ҲǰֻǸл
Ц̣ǵ治ǱȼǻΪޡ
šȻԼŮá
˰ҪϢŰ۾ϣ׼Ϣˡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ԽԽ

˸ΣμĽݴˣһһƥЩӣŴ·
˯ѹѾڲˣСţӥſţҲˡ
ƿɫˣʰүأ
ˣ˵żҵֵĺܴ󶯾ƹ˶ˣ̫̫˵ƹϷнģͨʺѹү
ƵǲʲôֻôԶ֪ʲô
뿪뿪ӺҲ뿪ǿˣ
ҡͷˣĹҲķ½ǿĹң˭ûȥƣ
ûʲô£ƿѾС壬С壺С壬֮ԲȥӋOΪô
Сû˵ֻǱ۾
ƱС壬Сſڼϣ⼸æˣѾǵ鴦ãǾȥӋO
Сһġ
ʱĵվţۿ޺ĹϷˣûһ۹塣
֪
֮Уһη
ʣǷ˼ҵĸˣõӰ˼ҵǸˣ
ʱ˲Ǻܶ࣬ƹϷڣ̫ڣ̫̫Ҳڡ
˽춼ǱٽģĿľҪΪ̫̫ġ
żҲһңֻǵһôһӣû볯Ϊ٣Ҳ̫ʲôС
úõһңͳ֮ˡ
ϣ£̫̫޵ĲУͷȳŵүۡ
۵Ȼܶŭģȴţá
㵹˵
˵ӹʣʮ꣬ҼƴӾȥˤƣȻ˾ȴҹجβֹ¸˶֤
ЦʣȻʱֻʮ꣬ҼֻʮȥڿţҪưϵ·ȫȥҪѹ⡣
ȻϣͰȥˡ
̫̫סΧҲ׷׿ѿ
ż
ԭԹȥ꣬ѾǵãҽǱ߸˿ʱһŮ˼ұ峤˸ӣΪȴµĲУ˵ɷ
ƲмϷ˴֮󣬱ˣ԰£˵˼䣬û뵽Ϸ˾Ȼָƺ˵ʥʵ۲ģ˭Ҳ£˵ǻҲ
Ʊ˹ʵİӣʱҲûϳ˭ʱ򣬾ͺƵ䣬Ʊ˹ʡ
Ѿһ£һʱ˶ʱ飬̥ѪҽݵԪ;ǸةΡ٣˶֤
ƺͱĿҪи̣˹żңĪ˵Ƿ
˵һȣһ
̫һʶ⻰ףŲ˵ˣɫֺ˵ģǵд£ҲΪ
Ȼ֮ˣӳ͢
ʥʵ۵ĹǣǻţҲ֧ô
̫̫˰죬˵ˡ
Ѿ˵飬ȷʵ֤⣬̫̫͹ʣڼŰͯϱҲ֤֤
ȻżǴ˼ҡ
ǸҽŮ񼽫ĵŮ񼽫սɳֻһŮŮʱżС
ϷΪ˵õһͯϱÿŰöʶ֣
ôŮһŰˡ
Ҫ񼽫Ȫ֪֪θ롣
뵽ǰҲһڼң뵽ǽһΪºͣĴλزˣƲҲ³ô
ּżҳңС⿤Чȡ
ۿµĹ̫̫ɫ䣺̫̫һֱܾģǵСʱ޼㣬㻹̵Ҫúˣ벻㻹˸ͷأ
ϣҰЩΪݺ飬ԩģ̫̫ҧ˲ϡ
彫һЩֽǳ鵽ģϹĿżҲո˵ģлְ̫̫һڳ٣Ҳ٣ġ
ʲôһۣӵ˹̫̫ǰʲô˵ģ
ϣԩ
㻹ԩ֤֤ڣ㵱ɵô޻ûеǻʱ򣬾Ѿ֪һЩ飬ֻû뵽ô񣬾Ȼ޵Ľɽ

Ͱ˵żҳңšҪϵ۸ɾ˵תˡ
̫̫һε˹ȥȥѾˡ
ֱ̫һ۵ŵˣŹ忴ˡ
ϷҲĲᣬְˣҪǸˣڹء
Ϸ˸ž̫뿪忴۵ϵˣĵۡ
ֵܶӣ˵㿴ɵЩ£ֵôˣҪԼֳ֣ôĶΪ˰ԽԽ
תȥһߣվס
ת˵Σ
Ҫš
˵ǻʺҲ֪ˣͷȥ
תߣû
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ͬ

û뵽ۺˣѾûʲôˣҲǹ죬ոջûãǾˡ
ʱСڵȥû
ķ½棬Ҳиɸ꣬ǲġ
˵ĵҪͦŴڰƵǰȥ˵żҹ֣˵⾩ӵҪúõһˣͲСʲôѰǴܶŹ
һߣĬ
Ƶû˵ʲôҲûô¡
˵˵˵˭أ
ƿˣµ̬
ϣöȥ㿴Σ˲ӡ
Ƭ̣ף½κִǿС
ôҲ⣬Ŀһ۹Ҳܵ⣬ԽԽˡ
ĺֻܶҪģܵõ͹ϲ
κִȷʵԣû˲УЩųѶϣСЩ˵
ڹܱԣΪκִκִ˵һĲֵƵģʱá
˶أȻ
һ£ԸȥйŮð£飬ðҲȥĺЩ⣬ҲʻͣҪٲҸżңǾˡ
˿˵ˣء
ҲҸùˣ֪ܲܿϰҵס
վſ˰죬ȥҲˡ
ȥʡתԸô
Ը⡣ҲǸˬˣҲẬһ㣬һڰƱЦˡ
ʰԸô
Щ˼˵Ը⡣
ƺЦǿǿġ
ҲˣȻ˶ˣ˽ĿҲʹﵽˡ
ǻȥɣ˶ܹ࣬鲻áǿ˶ۡ
˻ع
ˣƼţ屧Сһһ˵Ҫǳףðլӣܲǰס
ҲǣɲôȻҪ׼Ǿ׼լӰɣĲ׼ˣլӸĲ£ЩүǮӦҲһЩó㹻ˡ
š
ȥ׼ҲæȥҶ˻ûԶʱ򣬸˵仰
Ըػع
Ŀ뿪ת
һɵЦ
˵˸ΣμۺĽˣˡ
̧ͷʲô
֪û۱ˣ֪档
ˣֻҪΣȥܡ¿ĺƽ֮ǻԲ˯Ҳǰ취
ƣˣ
ô᲻֪뷨ֱ⣬ĺӣҲǣĸ᲻á
£÷鱧СȥһСǲ뿪ˣֲ£ȻѾָһЩҪ뿪ȴɡ
ȵȵ˵
š
Ϣڶһ縮ˣҲŵҽݣСǺͰľޣƵǾʦˡ
Һһ󣬰ƣ˯
ôʲô¶ܷһӶܰŪǲɣ˻ɡ鿪˵ĸв
Ʊú˯һĻô˯ˡ
屧С£̧ͷһ۷Ȼʱʲôݸ˵
кβͬ鸺ֶһ
ƸоҪɼܵӡ
ȻͬǷȫʱѼ˵Щ֮ѣݣǱԵˡ
Ǳ֮ޣҷ޸֮ˣȻ֮
ƿŹ壬ˣŻɱڡ
鿴۰ƣҲҲգܸıһʵĻ̫Ůһ۲ڣûٻȥվ⡣
ҲҪ롣
Ļ̫Ůڴű۸ӣǿˣ񿴼ˣν
ԽͱˣҪٲᣬҪ۸ˣӴ
˵ЩǿʶΪҼүˣȻĻ̫ŮΣ׻˵޼漦޹湷ұһֻ޸үˡ
үұ޿ɺǡ
˵۵治ڣҪȥΪһͲὫ͸ү
ҲǧĻҵˣҪôˣ岻ô
˸Ŀ⣬ƵûᣬǷס
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ 

ľ˵Ʒתߣ˰Ʋɫ
үʲôأʵ
ľġвװЩʲô
鲢Ǻˣ˵̫ŮĻһѾ۰ǧһΪʲô
ΪʲôҲ֪
˰˵ǶȻͬȥ̫Ů˵ǻƵۡ
˵Ľݷϻλ£үûУŮֻһˣŮҲʱô죿
ƲǺܵǱߣ෴ĵǷ
ϾŮЩףһξͼ£ƻΪͻȥˣڲ뿪˵Ҫȥɽˮ
Ů¹ڲˣò˶ãͻˡ
˭ǻʴ
ŮҪִⲻϻȥùľǻʴ
彫˯ŵС£֮ǰһֱһַǲõˣǻҪѱߣɱɱã򲻵ãַˣһټ𣬺ɨ¡
§С壬ţүδؾǺ£Ȼһ˿Գе£ҪңȻô
үٴҲֻһ̶̼ʮһҪػ֮£ǧ󣬻һѿݹǡ
ţ˵˵ûƣǻôѾû뷨
Ʋ⣺Ϊأ
ΪΣ֪һ˽̤ңĸףǹʱ
ү£ΪΣ
ȻҴƶ񤣬ķ½ϴ̫ˣû취ңȻҪİ취ûǹںȻʱ鷳һ㣬Ӿˣʮ󣬾ͻû¡
үˣ֪ǽŲ˰
Եãûһ۰ƣúõһ仰˵
ƲΪȻĻֻүû
ûӦֻ˵ڹǹʱٹ黹Ͼ֮սûԣֻҪɱ˾İϣû֪Ӧʲôϣƿ
Ʋͬڳˣһ˳ӣֵֵãһһϦģ쳤վûġ
ƿʼÿ¶Ųֱıһ켣
Ŷ
һ֣ô֪
ƶϲƶϲ弫Ը˵ûһ۰ƣƻ¡
úԩ
ҿûүô
ûбô⡣
үбºɨķ½ô֪Ҫ˵ɨķ½ûӣûôˣƶ񤣬ȴǿǿ׳
Ȼа취һƶ
˼үȹĸң
䣬̧ƣƾأ
ϸһ£ڵĸֿүȹľǹǹǵ˹үִһΣҲǵ°ܽҪүȹǹǻȹö֪ӦǷɣҪѶԸŶԡ
ǹİϴеʶûҪŵ򣬶һȻ״򣬵ҲŮ˵ײˣܰ糼ҷְõķ֡
ȹѸپǡ
Ǻ۹ŵ£Ļ³֮Ů۲Ӧʲô׵ĻҲǻӦġ
һʱַԿơ
үҰ󣬾Ȼһ̸ӣҪĴǹֱܹһ¾ͳǿʢģǷǹȻ򣬷῿£ǸʱͲںˣ££Ҫ򡣡
۾ƲǱŮˣƲŮˣͻɱƣ
ϧˣҾǸŮˣġ
Ϣ˼찲ƾûˣ뿪ҽݣʱҽݵŮҲѾûܹ´ˣ֪ҪߣƵл޵ĺġ
ƿŶԷֻ̾˿ƾҸˣһҲֵˡ
صϢһ죬ķӻҪð죬ưѰ˹ȥûĵطԸȥð
ס֪Щף롣
С壬ģ⺢һֱԲȣô죿
סڸ϶ǲУȻǸڻʺߵŮǸŻʺˣ뵥ԼĸۡûУլӻð죬ϲʲôط㰲ñǡƵ
Ҳȥִ֡
̧ͷãʲôȥƽ˶Ҫȥƽô
ƽȷʵҲȥ뿪Ҳϰߡͷһͷɥ
ˣܶ⣬㶼ˣǻҪҸʲô¼ޣҪլӶ׼Ҳ±Ц˹ʺ˰ɣڸв֪
ңһ޹ô˵أ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ Ľ

ĻС壺ƹˣǵ֮ȻǸѾͷƼҵˣƼҳ˸ʺ󣬻дԺӡ
ʲôʸʲôͰѶȢ
˵ƿԣ֨֨ʣһܻ
ϻҪģһ㻹ˣٺ»ģ֮Ҫҵģ㲻ֻöɣ
ҲǣƼլӣ˼ңպܿȡҲһ֮ˣţūţպͶĺӣ͵Ǽӣӻ޶ӵģ
һæҡͷ롣
㿴ԼլӸۡͲĽôպĺӿ٣Ҫ޸˭޸˭ҪȢ˭Ȣ˭
ȻͷҪլӡ
ţǾͻȥɣ֮լӦþðˣȻҴҵ󣬵վӶĵطܸðլӶˣͲҪˡ
ͷȥûĵطҪиңȥ㿴
šӦ뿪ˣߺƲűСȥ磬˳㿴顣
չȥˣ˵ץ˲׵ˣôȥ׼ҵЩı֮ˣҪ˶þܲˡ
ܼҿһ㶼֣Ǹ׸ȥʱĵ϶˵
ʲôˣôױ˵үαˣ
ӶϿΣڽ̵ǣûȥţתȥ顣
СǿŰƱȥ£СǵĻƤţȻǺϲС˵ǰƸģ㲻˼СҪ

ô
鿴ƶûΪŹ塣
˵ĻģΪ¡
ߣûģһȥˣСæ˳ȥǷСβͣš
ΣֻñСȥϢС岻ԲҲǰ취˵С壬ǿһ㡣
СţݵЩˣƲô졣
ٳһ㣬Ҳ࿴һۣ˵Ҫǲ㣬㣡
˵СŰ۾Űһ˫ںڵĴ۾޾Ŀն
ƺ񿴵ǰһƽ٣ضһ˿һŮ˴ǰ䣬˵ȵһƽȥǸŮ˵ʱһѾΪȥֻѾǸŮ˵Ӱӡ
һΪûѡˣ
С۾û뵽⺢ӻôۣС屧ڻһ֪ˣİɣȥӋOӋOߡ
С岢û۾ƺҲŰơ
ϣ۵˴ľǣֱҵ
ƻһôˣ
ǰȺ򣬰Ʊȥ˷飬ºôҲеϵ۵磬ſڿһŲŷ棬˲֪Ѿˣʱ䲻˵СǺͰľˡ
üͷ壬ƿ˽ȥʰĺܸɾ֮ǰ͸Сǵ粻ˣϵĻƤҲˡ
ؿڣһۣû
˵ǲۣת̵ģ̫ˣȻŮŪˣЩ㣬ͻƤ̺ӣǿһ㡣
ӾӸƱСȥ棬˸ƿװ̣СŵܳԲԣҪģȻôȥ͵ö
С죬޵ĳ嶯ƿСŵС岻ϳԣҲ˵ͷһС壬˭ڶֻĺӡ
Ʋܸκ˵ϴȨƵŮˣ˵ˣʲôı䲻ˣԼﲻˣǸأ
СǰͿһݿݵǰ棬ɫ·վŵĽݣĽݿҪûһĽݣſߵһߣС¡
̧ͷƿˣɫƣѿ㡣
ԭҪСȥӋOˣҪͻȥˡ
󲮡ƿڽеۻ̧ͷЩӦⲻҪģˣ˰ɡ
ʣĺӣ
ƵͷһС壬ۣСģ塣
ӣ溱
š
ƿӥӥߵƵǰСӹȥվڰ߱С壬ȥۡ
ס۵ɨ谲Ƹ壬ſ֣ƿſڵĹܼңī
ܼæīƣƿҩܼңȥϰơ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ Ȳ

ܼ뿪ƿĽݣƤйģڿ֡
߽ϸĽ뿪ֳ̧ڸƿƱϾǸĵǲ˵壬˭
ϸûкãˣЩطͭǮá
Ʋˣô£
ĽĿأ˿Χˣ֪лҪ˵˰֣ʾ˶ȥתС屧˹ӥҲ¡
Ƹ˵ӥȥү
ǡ
ӥתܿ뿪ˣſĽݣ˵ɡ
ĽҲԥ⿪ϵ··ȥ˴룬¶壬Ʋˣ˵ѳȫѹ⣬Ҳδػ᲻ҿ
οʱǿȻ̹
ҪС壬ƶ㿪ˣӣҲ䲻ңҶܸˣ
۶ʱû˵²˵ĿŰƣһڶ񶾣
ƵǰСŵϣС岻ҶֲִϳԷΪԼˣӋOͻˣʵȫô¡
СٴʶôҲǸӣִֵֻˣƢ
˵ǰǸˣûԹ࣬˼ʣֻһζҪõòִ֡
ȥĽݵ壬üͷ
ʬߣѿڶ
ĽЦһ£ЦǱĲ԰
Ƶһô
ٽƺĽݲԼͬǱߣҪƽʱ⻭棬ҪĽݲɡ
ճ侲иֵ뷨ĽݺͰһ¶ûС
۵ķ뿴֣ŲȰƽͱȥ˰ƵߣһõĽݣȱСڻ
ƿûҲģǳ侲ģҪ£ɱ˻Ż϶Ҳоʲôɡ
ƿĽݣסɨ裬ɨʱһ£ųĽǱ߿ȥˣ
߲õ飬мμоǱߣԽԽˣͿʼã
Ƶһ
ǰȥһӣƽȥóӣֱ濪һӣȥĽݡ
屧СſڿţûۣҲ֪ػ
һʱһʱȥҪĽʬΣȷʵĽݣǰƽӳգϾһˣǽʬġ
Ҳ˵ĽˣҲ̫ã
ĽûԥסƵֺüͷ̲סĵǣſڱźӲûĹ塣
ﶼĽʬ帯ˣҲܻ
ֻĽݵ尾˶ʮѣǶʮأ
ֻʱô
ҲĽȥġ
ĽݺһᣬƶЩͷˣƿĽݣҲ߹ȥˮϴĽġ
Ѿ˲ҲܣĽҪţԺȵĺܶ࣬ЩκĵĽݵ塣
ֻϸȴûаϵļ
ƵˣעĽݵ壺ҵѪֻܾȻˣȲˣ
Ľݽ·ϣƽģ·ͽʵˡ
Ȼ⣬İƵ壬æȥƣ
ûʲô¡ҡҡͷ
Ľһȥۡ
£ơ
޶û˵
Ϣһǰһڣһ²ˤһֱС壬һڳŰƣûˤ
̧ͷ䣺ڻźӣѪүõġ
ܲģ§ŰƣСȥ棬ţĽݳˣҲ˵һϡ
ҲЩ鸴ӣİɣҪβãҲ㣬޵Ľɽֻ㣬Ҳϡ
ĽһЦĽɽҲûƣʲôûãڡ
ĽݿԼ֣Ѿã֪ʱ޶ˣԼİơ
ƳĽݿȥɫ԰ףĽվ
£۹壺үг׼
ǶʲôãϲţǺ˷ӥȥ졣
һᣬһָУиЩġ
۵ҩûãƿĽݣסԺǱ᷿Һչ㣬Ҳǣүˡ
忴ĽݣǳԷô
ڳԲȥʲô£۵Ȼ
忴ĽݣĮĲű߼ʡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ܼҶ

Ҳ߰ɣȥסĵطһ·ҲˣЪŰɡ
û۹壺үȥɣҺʦ˵仰
תۣ۸ųš
ˣָ֣ҡ
Ľ£ָƣɨһΣɨ갲˵Ѿͣˣˣ
ơȥôĽǲˣʵʧˣ
ƿ⣺ʱȥڲ롣
ĽݰûȥҪˣͲˣǸӦˣȻ£ȻʱӾˣ֮ҲܸоԭĲд棬֮ǰû⣬ŸоԭĲдˣҲˡ
ʵһģµģ޷ǽߣһԭĻ뿪ֻһ·ߣ
ƵһʶôõģôУ
Ʋ˵ֻԭ飬ĽʣǸأ
ڣƵͷŶӣ֪ΪʲôеᣬⲻΪѪ飬ΪĽݵĻ
ͽʦɣн̹˲Ӧ˵ԼЦˡ
ĽҲЦˣˣ
ȥҩ߰ɣŻʱ䣬ȥ
ĽŰȥԺ
ոհۣ˸˹ȥ
ƽžһҩ忴ҩɫ˹ȥôˣ
һᣬʦ˵ӵĻûˣСƾе㲻ˣҿҪá
ƽҩתţҪȥˡ
ӥһӡ
ӥʣүЩӡ
ȥҩȵģ͵ӻ⣬ԼˣǼ˸ӱϸϹϣ
ĽȥƣƵҩͺС͵ʵҲ࣬滹һǽ񣬰ȥվ濴顣
ĽȥæҪĸ
ʬͻḯãʬ֣ϵʬ߳Ѿˣ˵ⲻӦãЩ
ûˣ˵ʲôӦӦãԶŻ¡
תҵѪôûŻ£
ûô죡Ľһ飬һ߿һ߻ش
ƿһۣʱ䣬̧ͷʼ飬Ҳܹ˾Ȼ顣
ԣ˶ܻǶµ飡
˰죬ȥš
еۣᣬƶſڷĽ˵ʲôҲشֻ֪ʲô
ҡͷ屧СպýƵ˹ȥûԣСŵƵĻ˾ߡ
Ľ˹ȥƱŵСһţ˵Ѿйҽܸҽˣﲻ
ƿŹ壺ۣСƲˣŮҪүСߣң
֣һŭҡҡͷүĪ
ż۾ˡ
ô£ĽվһҲż
ʦȥ
ƲĽңĽȻ鲻泩Ҳ֪ƵƢתȥ档
ס֣ү㱧СȳȥԸС˵˵
š屧С壬ĵĴ
Ľݿˣôһ棿
죡ʱŪľĽݣ˵ãھĽ࣡
ӣѱӸϣԸо䣬ʼð麹ˡ
̥裬ţ˵Сƣ֪ΪҺãҪһ𣬵ڳ£һ᲻˵̥еˣˣ뿴ôο뿪Ҳδؾܻصһòʧأ
ڱż취
а˸²ųʱҪҲ취Ҳ٣
ӽۣһź
ʱĽսתСţظЦһ£үûˣֻҪϢҺ˾˯
æŰƺϱϢ
С£һ߳
ƲСС岻Բȣһĸ۵ļˡ
ûѾӡҪŮıˡ
Ľſվһ£Ȼúܶ࣬ĲӦá
˼ʮʱȴطҵҪҵˣͷȴһЦ
תĽݴȥԺĹܼңȥܼ˵סĵطܼû˵㣬ʲô
Ľ鸴ӣôˣ
ܼʣʲôˣʲô
ʦߣôģϹܼˣһʱûס
ܼһŭˣһͲǺö˼з֮ƾʲôߣߣ
תܼˣĽԥһ¸˹ȥ
ܼҵ˴󱦱ķſڣƿš
Ľ죬濴ȥֻһߣдд
һʱ䣬ĽҲûӦˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮһ ĬĴ󱦱

Ӷû˿ǣܼûĹţתĽȥ棬ŹܼתߣĽվһᡣ
֪ӣһֱҲû
񿴵ӣү͸һʾ
һŮˣЩģºӲܣοǰơ
԰Ƶ˽⣬һɵ˶㾡ȥôԼĺӸ뿪
Ҫӵº뿪Ҳϲˡ
ҲͲΪİˡ
˵κ˵ҪһΪĿģܻȥΪֵġ
ôأ
ĽݴӾӸͣһ£ӾӸĸ֣ĿھӸǱߣƮӵϢûиܹϢ
ǰ˰ȥæΣȫȥоôҵһˣ¸ҲҪѰҡ
˺ܶĵطҵͷס
ûÿߵһһľ֪˼Ȥζ
һһֱŬŬΪԴܹˣŬȨ
ĽЩˣ̹֮ȻĿΧһУ򼸸ӵ棬ƿ˽ȥ
μӲԼͬĻͷˣĽݶסˣǵɴƯ۾ֵĿŽŵӢӣӳЦһ£󱦱վעĽ
վʣĽݣ
ҡ
Ľʵǣ

ЩӡСˣ
ӽ쵽ˣ֪кιɣҲòվš
ҽܼĽ˵ߵżӿȥ
һطˣ벻֪˭֪ҵ飿
ĽȻʾ䣬Ѿ߽ȥˣ󱦱ֵĿǰİˣҲôİ
̧ͷ󱦱ǿƬ˵Ҳ뿪˴ӿɽ⣿
⣬˾¡
Ľݿ򼸸ӣϸ۲죬ȻǶ̥ӳ໹вͬģЩӵòǶܲȻͻСǲǳ֮üѾӢˣüĿŲ֮
Ľ뵽ƴǰ飬ôͻȻЩȻˡ
ֻأҪ˰ɣ
Ľݿż˵׵Ľ̹٣Ҳʦһط
󱦱סˣеֿһҲĽ˵ĻϾĽ㰲ƵݺйϵҲЩһЩô˵Ľ֮ǰƲδ
ȻǺ棬ɡʵҲģŴż󱦱£ں棬󱦱Ľݵǰ棬Ľݰٰζô࣬ûһġ
һδһӵĴ
ˣϧʱûȥϧ˴˿ҪϧȴѾˣ
һᣬĽ˵Ǹطһǧ꣬ǰ棬ں档
󱦱סˣĽ˵дһ飬ҵסҹںһЩأҲйһЩ飬ҺףԼĹϵ
һЩķҩģͷݣҵһЩ滮ʵãлᣬǾ͹ȥ˭õˣҪֵָܿҪĸã
󱦱Щ¶϶ʣ㵽ʲôˣ˵ǸطʲôӵģǲСǹĵط
϶Ϊ֤Ҳ֪ģ˰Ʒ޴Ӻ߸Ľݿ
ĽݿǹȻһЦ򿪣䣬һСǹж
󱦱ȻסˣҲò𾪵ˡ
Щʹ壬ôģ岢˵˵ǰŪģʱӵȥһЩǽ䴩Ļֽһˡ
Ҳоǹʵһûʣʹ˵ϡ
ʲôҲ֪
û뵽ȻĽݲжˡ
ʱ󱦱ĽݿǶĽƵġ
Ľ˵һǹûȻõģÿλȥңҶõģЩǹǷģ̷Χʮ֮ڣҲҵʮ岽
ľףǾŲľ롣
СǹҪװϡ
Ľݿȥ⺢ӺܴĶܿ죬ЩͻȻû뵽⺢ӾȻסˣ֪ôװ
̹ô
ҡͷ鲻̧֪ͷĽݣЩ¶ϾǸӣǶЩûй̣ǲס
Ľ˵ΨһһŮѧ
΢΢üͿˣ
ĽСǹһװһװһ߽˵󱦱ȫעĽ˵һֺܼӲϣǰǹѹѹɵģͨ¡
һҽ֮ԳΪҵѧΪҪرȥˣǳʱпΣգΪоԱõľҽҪǣʼǲͬģΪҲϲŮǵĺˡ
ҵ˱붼ǾӢҪǸˣ뷨Ҳܱ¶ļ룬ܶ࣡
ĽݵǿӲ󱦱һĬ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ Ż

ҾÿǿѵÿཬشҶϣ˵ҪߵĻûС
ʱˣû뿪ͨ˿ԡ
ҵĶԱҳ
ܳɫǳ񣬻оϡ
塣
ദʮ꣬ʮҶʼת䣬ӿʼƲ𣬵İͣҲ֪ϲף
΢΢һ£עĽݵĸ硣
ĽݿȥڣȥҲĸ硣
ûлشĽݼ׼׵ʱӹһо⣬һϵͳооѧϵһͬһμͻϵĸ
оɹˣ˵ܣҲ˺󲻱ؾҽʹϵͳԳ
оΪ˲ֻĬĬĵ
˸߲Ҵ绰оɹʱˣ
ܵоѾ
Ҫߣͻ˱ը¼Ҳʧˡ
˵ը˷ĩ
ҲģһֱѰҡ
ҸԼҲעҩҩ˴
ûһꡣ
һһֱΣμ˺ܶ顣
ҶʼѰҵļҲϳӰӣ֪⣬һֱûз
ʮʱ˺ܶ飬ǵĵȥңǵĵǸǿҵ·ߣҵĶߡ
ЩΪ׼ģġ
ŴŴ
Ľݿȥģ˶ҵŮˣǵףûңǻһȥġ
֣ŴŴôģ
ԭˣ׾꣬ף
󱦱룬ĵ
Ľ֪̫СˣЩ
ǽʬ꣡
󱦱ǶĽݿһᣬ˭Ҳû˵ǻʬ˼
Ľ˵оһӣҪߵģҺò׳ӣòطҵףû뵽ֲˣ
Ľ˵ţԼƿõʬߡ
Ȼ书ЩǼģһĽֱϵʬߣ̰Ѽӻڻ˺һЩ˿Ľݳ˶⡣
󱦱Ľݣеģ٣Ǻ棬ô¡
ôˣϴŴŴʡ
ʬߣʬϳĶӣҲǺһʬġ
ʱѾжʮһˡ
ЩʬĻȻѾˣûɢһֱ
ӻûˣû취ȥˡ
ˣҾͻ뿪ʱҲܻˡ
Ľݸ̾ϴ֣أ
ĽһЦȴ˵ߵģֻҪˣܸ뿪صԭȵĵط
һô˵󱦱վ׺ݵ˫ۺǶǣϴʵʱҲ޷ˡ
ǼƢˣתȥ˵̨Ľݵ˹ȥ

ĽݲδؿھͲŵ̨̨ǰһ⣬պ˽ȥ
ĽݵͷһۣûѪȥ
ŭ뿪
󱦱ҲֻܿţŴһ˹ܲ˼ӣźˣȥ
Ʊ屧˼󱦱ߡ
һżȫ˹ȥ۴
æоûʲôˡ
°ưѼ§ڻôˣ
Ȼȴ޵Ҫɱ
ƿӿˮ
ƱĽݺĽתǱߣ˵ֻǰôߵǣŵˣ
ƱЩżСӵĺȥĽݣ¶Ľݣס󣬿ؿڻ˿ڣȴûѪ
ﻹ޵ĲС
ɫŻ£˵Ҫȥ㺦Ҷǿޣ˰ң
ʱҰԵ󱦱һ˵ôԵߴᶼûˣӣŵ߿£
֣佫ӻڻ󱦱ʱеĿĽݣң
Ʒţˣʦ϶ẦģҪߣôŻǵģҪţο㶼˰
ŲˣӣŰƵĻ￿ţŤͷĽݣΪ֣Ըʵ
Ľݿ˿˵˵Ǻ˵ã
ĽݿŹ壬üһòңҪΪǹŴͿŻĶǣŻˣһظ㣬Ѿ׼ķɷģʱҲѾŷŽȥһΣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ Ҫ

󱦱ʱһơ
ĽŤṬ壬ŰƣˣҪϢ⼸ӺܴһЩı£ҪԸ⣬ҲͬĻͽǣ̫С϶Կ࣬Ҫ£ˣ
ȷʵ̫Сˣ̹ҪǵʱϣС첲СȵĻ
ҲδأҿԽôǹļжԸı¡
Ȼﶼ书׿ȺҪԸҲѡ
Ժ˸и֣򲻹ǿԵģԷΪʤ
̹ٵ֪ģ̫Сˣ뵽ĽħʽѵҪѵ£
ȻǲҰѶӽĽݵġ
ҲԸǸĽһѧʲôΪʤĶԼȫԽ̶ӡ
ĽȻȥ˸ң
ĽתߵſڻͷƣһûǺǲǴߣҲú룬һȥ顣
˵Ҳߣ
Ľûתš
Ʊ̹٣Ҹ㿴˿ڡ
Ľͣ£תصưѶӽĽݣҽҩ䡣
̹㽫ҿ
ĽذϣƿѾ˿ڣ߿ʼϡ
û׸ȾȻûѪѪҺѾ̣ѣϸͻḯ÷Σܻлᣬһ뾡һа취£
㻹᲻ˣĽݴʡ
˵ҲϴСˣһʱҲϰʮһʮҲѾˣô㻹Ǹӵ飿
ҶѾˣ㻹ûô
Ľݵüͷ˶ҲˣĳɳҲйͯģȻҲйĺҲעϵͳҩȻǰ׷ԲԲ㣬ҵȴᣬҲǳˡ
̧ͷ˵ʲô
Ľɫأ˵Ȼˣǳĺܶණ 
ǸʱѧѸͣоѾȫգҵŶзĸǱ
ģκֶǲԵģΪʲôôĲ
Ϊ㣡
ĽݵؿѾϣһЦ·ãһǰΣ°㣬ġ
뿪
ҲˣһţһǶã˭Ҫһ
ܻģأ㺢أأ
˶أ
ô죿
һˣܹ¶
Ըأ
ǰ֮ʱأ
ҵİ֮ȻɱƣץסƵĻǸһת㣬طȥɡһĮƿȥǺЦ
û뵽ش
ĽݿŹ嵽û˵
˵ӥȥԺϢ
ǡ
ӥӦʣĽݲվ
Ƶ˿壺үô
ʲôãҲвҲУ˱ˣĲ鲻Ըİһ۰ƣӱ
ղѧˣϢɡ
Ʊȥǰ档
һҼڻصԺǱߣСʱ˯֮ǰȥżСŵСϻſţƵҲʲô
Ѽ󱦱ŵ˯ĵط޲¡
󱦱ǿСҲ۾ܶ²
¾һ߳
彫Źϻ¿ż󱦱
󱦱˭Ҳ˵ɵĿš
ſƣ˰ɣ
ûʲô£ںöˣֻϢˣүҲˣϢɣ
һߣмżӣʡ˲پ룬ҲöǵˣͷŰƣѾӵŹ塣
ްһᣬʣ˵ģ
Ѿϵ۾󱦱Ҳ۾Ҵš
ʱ򣬱ʱ˼ʮ꣬ʮ귢չ̫ˣʲôпܷ˵Ҳġ
屣ˣĿĺԣ·Ҳˡ

µ˵ʲô
˵ǲģߡ
ҲߣүİɡƷŹ䣺ү֮취ĽκãҪ߲ˣȸʮ꣬ʵҳ˱˵ģƾͻزȥˣϰʮүڽôȢϱӣҲףõİ취ˡ
üô
ĳô룬Ҳ벻İ취
˵ɡ۾ںǵǰἰ¡
Ľ£۱۾ʵˣ
ǺܺãԽԽˡ
ţĺϣܺúõģ¶һܺõ飬Ҳȥ￴
۶ϰˣȻ˵ദǵ֮ǰĽݣֻ֪
Ľ˵̫Ůô
ǴˣǲõϿɵģ㻹İɣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ Ľݵĸı

ۺĽ˵Щ˯ȥĽȴһҹδߡ
ĽݸոմͿԺĸ󱦱վں棬Щε촽
ԺվŰӥԼѾͷ
Ľݸֶʵô磬òߣҴȺܵģ
ǵȻȺܵģ˵ʦҪʦүġ˵˵Ҫϴ󣬵ǸС
ôĽݿӵǺϿɣƽ̵ĺܺþˡ
һĽʣʲôģܲɺˣ
ʦүǸģ˺㣬ҪǸġϴغ˵Ľݿһۡ
ϴ󣿡
ǡ
ţǺǸ硣
Ľȥǰ£ֽмӹȥܹȥΧһȦ׵ʦܶ档
ĻҲˣȡϱһȺӣκĲˣ׾Ͳˡ
Ľݹ۲һ£ܿã
ʲô
룺ûȡ֣Ԩ
ѧʲô
̸ʲô
Ľ΢΢һ£ƤӹˣͰ˵ﲻ˵Һʶʱﶼܰ
ལŶ
Ľ˵ǵҰǿҪѧ֣ҿԸǹÿ˶һѣһÿһ
ӶĽݣ˭û˵
ĽӸǱߣ󱦱͸ƵǱߡ
ﱧС壬Ľ뿪
תڷҽĹ塣
ڿ鶼ˡ
ЩҲֻѻκõģûаλġ
ˣҲûá
ˣҪҵҵˡƱСȥҹ壬飬š
Ľݴһ캢ӣѧ֣һ飬ԺԴ򣬹ſżֿƱС壬Ҳſ
˶æ黹һѡ
˲ϣҪȥۣҪĽݵҲڰƵš
Ҫ׼ҵһЩ顣
缸ˣĽݴǿǹзӥͰȥ׼һЩ׳ҪӲľͷľűҪ֣е
ûзͻеרŪ˽ŵŵе
ǳԱ͸æµ
ӸҲ˸ӣǸľ
һСӳˡ
ֶ̣ȫȫ
ĽݱŵĽʾ˫ŵţ˷ܣ۾
һ£ǰȥɴ۾Ľݳ˵סҪΣƳӡ
󱦱վһĦȭƣǶûдʦүûгӣ
ʦүϲ
Ժ￪һȦЩ˲Űѳͣ£Ľȥɲ𣬿һۼ󱦱ѧˣ
š
󱦱ԾԾˣˡ
ԺȦ
ĽϿǡ
Ƹ۽ţĽݲſˣƱС£Ľݲ˵Һ˼һЩ⣬Ҷ˼⣬֪ģ˵浽жҪ
˼ȥɡư˰֣˰ڷϣƽӸĽݷ¡
ǱߵʳﲻǳԲôߵʳ϶ԵĹߡ
Ľݿһۣ㲻ҳֽˡ
Ȼˣǰѿùȥ˽ȥƱС鸴ӡ
ҪǳԲ£ҲԲԡ
ĽûᣬԷ
ӣļӣֿһ۰ƻﱧŵС壬ǵôˣ
ˣδӱ˴ˣҪѾȥˡ˵ŸСι̣С岻ȣƷġ
֣ôСĺӶʲô
˲С岻һ
Ͳˣһĺӳ̻ҪιԼ·߲ȵܶʲôǴ˵ԭ
Ҳ̫ЩӶѡȰ⡣
ƲΪȻ˿ĽݣԲ£
ͳԲˣԣαرԣ˳Էôۺ
ƿȥôһҲܰһᣬǲҩԶˣ
ƾûˣ˵ĶǱ˲Ļ
Ǹˣϲ
λӻʵ۵ıǰһȺƶĹˣЩ˸Ļ̥һ˵ʵ˶ûС
Ʋͬ˵ᣬ
ЦҳûԶ໹ҵģǴ͵⣡
ûĿһۣᣡ
ȲˣǼ˳ĳװϡĽݾʱԽԽˣٲץʱ䣬Ҳûʱˡ
Ľȥװӣ󱦱ˣȥæ
ΣĽݳ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ סС ס

ſͣһ£¿ĽݣϵĳӶľͷģǴĥĺܹ⻬
忴ƣƿ糾Щ֣ż
ǱˣүԸԸǰӣ³ɼ¹˳ҴֻмĿϹ˳Ѿʼıˣ
Ǹ磬ǶүĶӣүͲүˣڲѡүĶӣu죬үƷΪڻԼӣѡҪʱ䣬ҲΪ׼үڻˡ
γ͢ףǿϣСڱҲӽҪıٶȡ
⼸Ϳʼѡ͢˶в
Ѿӵ׵һЩٱˣ
ô˵үҪæˣ
ţ
ӣʼԷ
üһ۹壬ԽԽϲһᣡ
˷뿪ƣҪ뿪Ҫæܻ
үСģ
ţת뿪ƲſĽǱߡ
󱦱˼æȥԷƽȥտǣȥĽݡ
ôżʲôվһʡ
ЩŪ꣬͵Ǹˡ
㲻ǸǺܶô㲻ǵˣûʱ˺ܶණң
֮ǰûңڼˣȻһ
Ҳżһ취
а취ͲվϻˣĽݴϰƵĻվ
ƺ˳һĽתһȥ
Ľɨɨָ˹ȥƽȥ󱦱ҲȥˣΪ׼ҵ顣
Űȥ£󱦱Ѿϴ軻ϸɾ˯ˣæ˷ܵ˹ȥ
ϢˣǶˣ컹ҪȥʦүѧϰģҪˣô죿
󱦱ܻȥúţΪʾǶ굽۾ˣһƵģ˯ʮֿɰ
ƿĽݣҲ°ɣһ㻹Ҫȥۡ
Ľ£С壺ǲԲȣ
ùˣȹЩӣҾȥӋOӋOδӡ
ôСĺӺαظĽ˵һ룬Ȼֹͣ˵ˡ
С壬
˵¶ˣСҲͷҲ֪С嵽ʲôˣͬһռ䣬СҲǣӋOͬһطֻҲС嵽
ĺӣҿС壡ĽڵϿһۣơ
ʵһģǶϵ⣬Һ͹ĺӣҶϲС岻ãȻд£С죬飬Ҫƫ̻ĸǣ϶ҪˣҲֻܶһЩ
ˣǰһˣҼǵƽˣǴһѡĽݺǰ˻ǵǸǿĳѾͷˡ
Ľ뿪ƿҪߣʣԽ̹˵ôҪôΥ淨ҲҪô
ĽתΪ˰һˣǿԷһеģȻܷһУôںԼأ
û˵ĽѾתס
С壬ͷѾƵСӦ㣬ȥӋOҪӋOҪһȣȻӋOûҵȳˣЩҪӋOȢߵˡ
С建۾֮ǰںղӣʱЩ촽˵ƵͷССС壬֪ΪײŲߵģ׸㣬һ׻뿪ǣȥԶĵطʱ㻹ǻס
ûϵҲҪѹ˺ܶ磬㻹еã⹫ӋO
ҪȥģΪһ¾ͲԲȣ˺Լ˵Ǳˣ
С忿ڰƵĻ˵
ƿ˿Ѿ˯ŵļ󱦱ۻˣ
ȥţС۾
ĸһ˯ˣֱҹС۾СϻͶβҲԺ⡣
С̰סˡ
ĸӶһʱоˣˡ
󱦱˯ûбˡ
ڣЩҵˣȥſڣſڿһ棬ԺԼվ˼ˡ
ƿűСȥѾ䵽ˣȫŵŰҫΪľҪ尲ơ
֣˰ƵԷһ£ʮ˿ٳŰϮ
ƻסС壬򷿶ĺѻѻϮóһӣǰѻѾŷײ˹ȥСɫ࣬Ҫȴû
ƿСϻС壬ţ
Сϻһ̳嵽ƵǰưС彻СϻһԷӥѾӸơ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ѰѪ

ٵƿٲŪӵˣһѪڵϣ˴洵ӡ
ƿ˿Χѵ̫࣬޷ȷ
ƿźѻͷѪ۲ѣһңҲˡ
˲ˤЩ˲̧ͷʱһ˵ĵѾȻҪȴҪһֱۡ
ΪˣһԷ㱻˳ȥ
̧ͷĽѾվߣ˵ϵ·Ѱûãȥɲġ
ȥǹȥúᵱ¡ƵϢžúһЩ
ĽݿӥѸʦÿһӣƴĵ࣬ǵĵȥˣϼԹܿҵ
ƿĽݣ˼֪
̫ˣ˵ͽܣˣ
ĽݿЩˣǾ׵ˣ
ûеóѲδԺˣһЩѾһңаƽ
ôˣЩ⣬ƽҹˣôܣ
ˣҪһɣƽʱɫܺãһɫѣվţʱɫʮѿ
ȽȥҲȥ
ƽߵſڣѾٳ˹׼ԸЩˡ
ƿ۰ҲСģ
Ʊŷ٣СϻС˽š
źСϻС£ſߣС屻˺廷˰ȦβͷŵСϡ
Ƹƽſƽôˣ
ǣүѾȥ˵ҹϮʹϾҪҸġ
ôƵǲ֪¡
ҳȥչǡ
ưС屧Ļȥ棬ƽ򼸸˯ѵĴ󱦱ǣ󱦱һƽ̸һ˹ˣ㵣ĿſڣҪȥ
ƽ˵˭Ҳȥøң
󱦱ǵͷƽСץץҪƽȥƽȥ£̶ƽ§ƽ
Ƶ⣬̧ͷԺ棬ʮ˶Ҽڵϣе࣬һЩˡ
ǴףҲûá
ǵﻹѪӣרȡģûжþͰѹֵͷץȥһЩˣƱĽһѴһߣץҪɱˣ˻ˤˡ
ԺһţûãЩƴҪץơ
붯֣ĽסҶԸǣ㱣ˣ£侲
˵Ľݳ˳ȥ
ͷƣ˵Ҳȥ
ҡͷҲȥҪš
ûж˵ĽŵȥܿһˣЩ˰ΧĽݣǲȽѾڵϣĽֺݾڲµǹһУЩ˷ֻš
һᣬЩһȥһ˴ĽݣĽһסӣѵ۶ˡ
һڵϣĽݲת⡣
Ʒ·𿴵һİˣȻ֪ĽݺҲû뵽ǰµʱ䣬ôࡣ
֮ǰĽݣûбģָֻˡ
Ľݵؿڲһѵƿ߻Щۡ
㲻ưС彻Ƚȥ
СţסĽؿڵĵγ
һѪûУȴһǸõ⡣
ưѵ£۰ɣ
ûʲôоĽתһȥһԺˣ˵ȥɣûˡ
ŴźȥҲת档
ƿĽݣҸ㴦һ¡
ãȥǡĽžӸſȥƲģ˳ȥ
վԺԺ˵ҿˣˣӦ߲˶Զ
Ľݿһۣ˵ʲôֹתȥһƿҩӸۣǵóҩ
ҩƿ뿪ųžӸǱȥʱѾ˲ٱʿѾûΣˡ
ƸĽݳſͣһ£ĽüͷŲζ㿴ûУ
ƿһĽݣȻЩˣʱĺܶ༼ܾͿʼ˻˾ȫûзӦˡ
ת˿׼ȥңĽȻǲǳԵɵˣһˣ
Ľɫһ£תĿĽݣһ㷴ӦûС
Ҹ˵ˮֻҪҺ壬ζԺ͹һرֺڰûеûо
ĽŭڣΪѰҶ飬ĽھưжƷˮʱŭһ٣ʶŵˮﲻԵϢ
Ŀԣתȥ۾ѰѪȣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ĸ

ڰ˵ѪǰѰҵģһܹⷽѵǴôܶѪûС
۾Ǳߡ
ƿ׷ȥĽݽ
ӲԶ߳һ뿪ˣ˼һߵĲţȻȥȥ
ǡ
Ŵ˿ٻص˹ȥ
ҵһլӵǰͣ¡
Ľͣ£̧ͷ˿լӣʰƣ֪
ĸu׵죬Ϊıļң˶նˡ
լӣһֱţѵ˵Щһֱţ
ˣ˵飬ôתˣ
˵»ЩΣ뵽ǸĿδһЩ
Ϊı˶ˣ
Ľ˵㲻Ҫȥҽȥ
ҸȥƲĽݲܣ׳¡
ңҪҽȥʱߡĽ˵ѾȥˣƿĽʩչṦЩץҲӦúúѧϰṦġ
̹٣żһҲһȥˡ
ûվȣȥĽתסǿվסˡ
Ľĵһ۰ƣȥ
Ҳһ˽ȥƿһԺ棬һƬ
ȥĽֻܸȥ
䵽ϣĽסƵ󣬿һΧʣܸоʲôλ
Ʊ۾оҡҡͷ
Ľסƣͷǽ棬Ʊ۾ǽ棬һ뿪Ľݣ棬ˣһ
š
Ľɿ֣˿ΧһȥߵĺܿҲᡣ
ܿլӵĴ⣬΢ĵƹ⣬ţ˶ڲݴ棬ΪˣԺӲݴ
ϸһۣӦʲô棡
ȥĽҪߣסˡ
˶࣬ǲܹȥȻ֪ˣ뿪ȥ˵ǲҪ˵顣Ʋðա
ȳȥȥ
ĽҪȥƲ
ţ˵ȻǶˣǾͲҪˣȥֺη
תһˣŴһ˲࣬һ
һ⣺ǹ
ӶʮңüĿ㣬Ҳ㲻۵һ⣬ܷ
ƺĽĽ˵ζûŵ
ΣһϣȻûŵ
Ľݿ򴩰µˣΧѾΧһȺˣ̣Щˣ͸ͷʹǰưɣҼȥ㶼ûҵû뵽㶼ȥˣԼˣڡ
֣Ҳʶ㣬ΪʲôҪɱң
ʶʶɱûϵţǹŮˣںˣɱҵܵܣɱ㣬źܹƽɭɭĿŰƣ;õǸӡ
㲻Ǹĸ磿
ǺǣӴŰƣܴ֪˭ô
үˣǶүˣ뵽ô¡
Ǹ޵ģҲԼĵճӣֵֻĶӣȻˣȴŮˣ˴Сϣ»رңǴĻʵۡ
Բ˵ǻʵۣôﶼҳȥ㻹˵ô
Ҳñץ˰ɣ
һЦѾҪˣɴ߲Сڣһ˲ʲôɱ㣬ͻɣǴҲֿɵˡ
Ӱ°ͣΧ׼ǰĽݿЩˣǵĶ֣
ǲһ֪ˣһ޻صġ
˺Щ˹ƺĽ˱ԱЩ˴˶Ӳ
һᰲƾˣĽһסֱۣӹȥƸоһɴ˳ȥͷ׷˹Ľݱһ󣬰ﺰ̹٣
뿪
ĽݱΧһ˾󵶿ȥתĽܣʯӴȥĽΧ˶ˣһȺѻܿ˹ӲǰĽݰΧƴ㵵ʱ򣬹Ѿվߣ˹ȥ
ӿĽݣŭ˫۶ɳˣҧɤӣ壬ˣ
̣Ѿڱˣˣʱ򣬺ʹ࣬ңˣܽΣ
壡Ҫˣ˫Ѫ죬ͷ׷ɡ
ѰĽݵߣƷſӣĵɱȫɱˣ
һĨ䣺ƣĶأ
ƺȻʲôˣˡ
ó룬ִ˳ȥӺˣ˿ٵǰס롣
Ȼ˲佩Ӳأס
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ Ѱҽ

һŰӴ㵵ʱһаӣһ£˫סҪγȥȴ˫ŪѪģ
֣֣ŭѾҪˡ
̽ȥҡͷӲǽ˳ȥ
Ӻˣ˰ס彣ָϣ۵Ҳˣӡ
ңȻô֣ܵӡǺĴ磬Ըû뵽ôˡ
ýָźӡעǱĶ֣䣬㲻Ƕ֮ĵС㻹繬uͣеΪ˺ܶ࣬أ
ֻطȴű˰ѽɽ
һûûб¡
ұ죡ӡвʣŹŭ
峯źӡ߹ȥɱ㣬ܰĻѽ
ߣߣˣˣӡŵòУոյŰһ¶ûˣתȾܡ
ƿеɵۣʲô
û׷ȥһȺܵĺǱ
˹תƣѻȥˣĽҲѻſ忴һ۰ƺĽݣû˵תὣߣȥĴ档
ƾòԾ˹ȥ
˼ĽݽŲŲתĽݣĽѾڵˡ
æ˻ȥĽݿĽݴ˴ˣЪһᣬˣˡ
һ£֪ô£
عƿĽݣһ£Ǻֻˡ
һᣬĽǱߣƲŸһȥѾˣûסˣֻһʱľݵ㡣
߰ɡƹ˵ߵĺĮ
ǴӰƵ߹ȥģȴûᰲƣƵȻ֪ˣҲ̫ȡˣһ䣬ˣƢ
תѾȥˣĽ˵ƢС
ߡƷĽݴԺȥҲǵһ£ʵ˵岡ˣǲ幬塣
˳ѾߵúԶˣĽʣǻΪҷֿô
ƿĽݣҪô׾ͷֿǲͷֿˣôȵڣķŶɣ쿪ʼ͸취òȢϱӣȻѵģˣ˭µʱİƵλȥҿɲȥ
ƷĽݻȥ鸴ӡ
û뵽
Ľݲ˵ŻصȻȥϢˣȻȥ͹ˣûڣȥӸǱˣ˼󱦱岻ڣƿƽϢҲ˯ˣȥС壬СҲ˯ˡ
Ʋת뿪
صסȥǳأûϴϴϸɾѣȥһۣӥѾˣүأ
ȥˣȥץˣ⼸նص
ӥ˵ʱ򲻸ҿƣƾ֪ôˡ
ûжʣתӣûȥϢȥ飬˰ϣҵһܰ˾Ȼ顣
һ飬Ҫȥҽ
ƻǵһνӴ¼ҲǿԸģֻҪл꣬ѾȥĻл
ƶЩ⣬Ҳ֪Ǽ١
ҪԵġ
ƽ飬ɴѰڼУƽܹҪ̥ģȥҲûʲô
ƱС壬ҩۣŷӥȥʼԺĴС
ѧϵ飬ƲʵֻкеʿˣƫƫһʼԺ
˵طȥʼԺ档
ϺԺס֣Щ⣬û뵽ˡ
֮ǰϺУϺ񣬿żɽҽ飬£Ҳûȥ˵Щûõġ
ϺЩ֣ʩΪЩ
Ҿҽǲܹβˣ
Ϻԥһ£һС壬ΪΪС塣
ҽҲҽҲԾ廹ҪʲôϺʵش𣬰ԥһ¡
ʷɣ
вޡ
ҪҪ˻ǻɷܣ
ֻǵл꣬ûǲ뿪˵
ƵͷԷңôȷʵлꣿ
˵
֪ˡת뿪һ⣬
뿪Ժʷӥҽġ
ӥû˵
֪ӥﲻæ͵һ죬緹ͳţС忪ʼԲȣ˵㶫
ߣԼţԷʱι
Ȼоˣȥ
첻ˣҵһҽһǺġ
׼һ£ȥң
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ 

ƽˣƽ밲ƴСȥˣһʲô£׷Ī
ʲôú˵뿪Ǻãƽվļ٣⼸ûлظ˵ǺæƽʱæҲظڶš
ĽݵƽҲһЩͷ⼸ĽҲԺտ󱦱ȻǷʲô顣
ƽչ˺ҵ⼸ս㣬Ҫż죬㲻صңڻûм˺ҾˡȥѾƽô˵Ҳ£ӷµ׻ˡ
ǰ뿪ƽȥҹ塣
ƵִſڣͱǰְΪҩĵȻҩĶãҲ½͵ҩȱٿⷿ棬ְʾ
С壬˳ҪɽССϻβСѻҲΪ˷㣬ֻ˷ӥ
ưſڣңƽ˼һȥƽҲڵʱ䣬ܷκ飬ƽذɡ
ү⼸ȷʵûлȥҪƽϡҲû뵽үԣȰҲϻȥһֵʵ˷ѽ⡣
˵Ϊӹ飬Ͳ⣬ºк͹ϵʲôڡ
ȥѾԸӥͣŷӥ뿪ˡ
ûסƣȥҹ塣
չڵȺӡˣڹڿɳ̡
ͽ岢δᣬһֱȵ磬ż塣
үôȥһΣô죿æҪҩĵ飬ȻѾˣȴѡҩӵʱ껹Ҫֲ飬溦ˮѿʣԼԶ飬ʱܽȡ
忴һͣԥȻа취⡣
˵깬ȥɳˣָҪ
һΣүСӣҲˣʲô£⣬ҽҲƽ£׷Ī
ûȥᣬ˵಻ʲô£ҲشС֣Ȼȥɡ
ү
岻ֻôӻʹȥ
۾棬վߵǰ˰ʾ˶ȥ
ֻˣ˵νɽ׵ãĪ׷ĪʱҪͷǸʱֻһжˡ
ǰޣҲܺ˶ء
޲ϲʵۣϲңڵӣ޿ûʲôңڵӸϲˡ
ֻǣʲôͣжӣأ
û˶飬վΪֵһᣬһĲֵ
ÿճϲıǿ˶޴ţϴ硣
һȷľܸˣһ
˸ľ硣
Σαؼƽϡ
ܺ˳ϦദʵҪ
ûȥ˵ԽԽˣһҪڹﲼƽѵ飬һ滹Ҫȥ׷ҵʳͷۣз֮
ϴͽ̣
۱µƿԣҪȰȰ壬˭֪ģ
㣡
ת뿪¿Ź塣
Ѿ׼׵Ҳжǿʼжˡ
һȣձļƻ¡
ǣ
忴۵⣬㿪ʼרĵȴ
Ƴǲñ㱻׷ˣΪˣƿӣľȻĽݡ
ĽݰƳһЦôˣ
ҲִˣΣĽӥδԡ
뵽ոŰƵӣҲ
ҪȥķߣĽţҽ
ҡͷǺţڻʲô취
ǡĽ̲סЦ
ưСŵԼţСţһ㷴ӦûУҲ۾СϻͶβʱػһ
ĽʣӺ䵭
Ϊ̫ˣ̬ɡ
С˵ֻһֻ̣ģ
һһΡ
Ǳ۾ǵһоͶˣ۾һ硣
һΣԻܸߣĽݴȤ
ƿȥ̹٣ڻҪô
룡Ľҡͷת⣺û֮ǰҪ׷ȥ㵽ײ񷴵ÿЦԼѡΪҶı䣿
̹٣ǲΪı䣬޷뿪ҪҸȥҿԸȥ
ĽݿŰƣһȥأ
ԥˣС
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ɱ

޲ɢ֮ϯҪֱġסСС֣С۾ơ
Ľ˵ǾͲȥҽˡ
ƿȥ˺ܾãȥɣ˵бİ취ο㲻ҲҪ£㻹ۡ
Ľסת˱𴦡
˲˵ҽķȥ
н죬һɽͣˡ
ƱС³Ľӥúãһֻϻһֻꡣ
ƷԸɽ֣˺٣￴Сѻȥʲô飬Сѻ֪ͨǣҺͽ̹ȥ
ӥŷ٣ʱ׼˲
ĽݴһЩԵĶһҩ䡣
ɽߣ˼ףΧ㿪ʼˡ
ҩ裬˷ӥֻжһš
ӥҩ͵ɽߡ
˴ϣ֣ѹѹһƬϻһЩߣƿĽݣ̹٣ҩۻƷۡ
Ľݴҩ䣬һЩۻƷ۳ۻƷϣ˳ȺȥȺ׷׶㿪ˡ
˴֣һ·ֻͨ뿪ֵʱһЩ˳ס˼˵ȥ·
ſ˵ҽģͨһ
סȥ·໥һۣδ˵ųӥҪȥס
ưС彻ӥ
ӥҪ̹ˣԷûиоֻҪ㲻¡ϥ£ٺ˫ϥ棬ᲦŪЩ˱Щ˵Ҳ˺ǣȥ棬˵ҽҽӼ
ЩȻܣȴ¡
ֻ㳯Ű߳˹ָɣһˣ
ЩȻᣬȴɱʱںƵɱ֮£ȴһ̻겻ˡ
Ƶһ£һ¡
һָֻ̰ӣǰһټ
ǰȫʧƱŷվ
ٱ󣬰ưС屧˹ȥǰȥ
ô£Ľʡ
Ӧ˵ĻǡƾԽԽ˲
˼ߣǰһƬˮĽҪȥס󣺡ȥ治Ծ
Ľݿ۰ƣûйȥ
ƴҩһЩһƿӣһƿˮ
򿪸ӣưˮˮóӣ˻ӵˮ˲ˮˡ
Ƭ˳ƿˮȾӶˮðɫһһƵɢˡ
Χһۣ˵ȻˣǶʲôã̹ټǵþƾˮȼô
š
ӹȥ
á
ĽתһѵӣΧٿһЩľͷһЩƵĶʵֻǼӣӸӥǰϡ
һľͷڷӥֱϣĽץӵľ棬棬С忴ˣǷߣס
ĽݵһĨЦֻǷӥܵģȻľͷ׳˻׵οһӡ
ƺĽݵӣӥҲͷˡ
̤ľͷˮĽݽˮ²ƽס˾Ͳˤ
ӥĽݣʲôû˵
ƱС۲ˮºΧ
СѻڰƵļվš
ӥðһЩİơ
ߵм䣬ӥ»һ£ľͷһ߻һ£һȴȥӥæȥ£˹ȥӥżҪʱ򣬰Ѿһ档
ƻﱧźӣľͷ棬ǵǧһӥҴ
ĽץסƵļӲǰѰƱСһ
ӲãϻˣȻҾſš
ĽݸһЦҵģҪһЩҲˣͲұţ
ӥüȥĽһЦ⡣
Ʒ˵ﲻһŮܲף
ﶼһûһҳʱѵұ㣬Һ˯һ𣿡
ɫ㱳ңΪˣҪβҪȥˣ߲ˣ㲻ңҷȥôɽԽ룬ҷɵĹȥô
ǸŹѧİɣȥôûôɰĽ˵ӥɫ˳תǰ档
ƲΪȻȤһȻȤȤһ𣬵ȻȤ
ĽݺЦôûȤ
һϲˣ̹ʮ껹ûϲңɼˡ
ĽݿһᣬԵòãΪкܶ飬Сһô֪
ҲˣԵҲҪԵҲԵƿһɫѿķӥӥ˵أ
ӥ۰ƣûлӦߡ
ĽһЦ㱧˯飬Ҹ
ûʣҲǵˣʵ̹ҪǲһҺܺõģ㣬ңǳ磬ϸϸꡣ
վ˯ˣط޷ԭµģ֪㣡
ɱ㣡ޱƶŷĽݡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮһ æ

ĽݰݽӲЦһ£ɱң룿
ѾˮߣӷӥǱȥסӥļ򣬱Сȥˡ
˫أƿһĽݣʱҺܸˣһ㣬ǳƻҾ뵽ɱˣҺܣˣ˶ûˣ˵ףʮһյŰңȴʮһյİ
ҵǺĺӣȴ㵱׵һǰģֻǰ縸
ߣ˵ĺĽòᣬġ
Цˣڸȥˣ̹ûѾĺһᣬ֮ΥףҸͲ㣬Ҫģ˵ǲǣ
ҪôҪôǶġĽݽ⿪ӴľͷȥƵǲΪȻ
תƿǰ棬˴Ѿһ԰
԰˴ƬӣΧ˼ۣӥӥӦþҽסĵطˣһ㲻ҪߣҪңҽаģǻԻ񲻶ͻʧ
̹Ѿˣûʲô£㲻һ
šӥӦƳǰߣĽȸ˹ȥ
˽֣һŮվ棬˴һ˵ʲô
ʦĻˣл꣬˵ҽл֪꣬ǲģ
ҽܲ޷л꣬λذɡŮһҺɫȹܻȡ
ƹ۲һŮ˵ҼȻѾͲ뿪ʦұм뿪ǾȲˣһ
Ů̧ŰһĨɱߵﻹмףȥ㻹лᡣ
Ůת뿪ƿŮ뿪С彻ӥϵķٽĽݣؿڵĺɰŵСĻ
ֻǴһҡ
ǰȥӥҪ˵µġ
ӥֻܿŰǰȥ
һߣһ߹۲棬ֵһЩˣЩ˿ȥ֮ǰǵˣ֣ͣˣеһˣǱ߹ȥ
ϵĲݶǱģͣǸޱˣ˫۷ֱɫ԰ס
ƵľǸһΣȥһǸ˵壬Ǹ˺޷ӦǽӲġ
һתһˣתȥǸط
ߵǱͣ£ŮӺǳԾôܣ
˵ҿԽȥô
ŮӲҶԣÿðƽȥ
ƿľţȥһۣӺܿûʲôİ裬κһڵذϵĴ
һͬݹǵŮˣȥ߰ʮˣ塣
ߵǱͣ£Ů˵һ
£ֹȥסŮ˵Ů˿˫ķ
ƿǰŮվſ˵Ѿ첻ˣڰﲻ㡣
ʹˣ˥ˣưѵóϻһŮ˵죬Ѫȥ
Ů˵Բ۾Ȼ˹ȥ
Ů̳嵽ƵǰһڰƵĲϣɱ棬ɱ㣡
ƿŻȥŮˣŮ˻۾˵ſ
ŮӱŵòᣬæŰַſŮ˹ȥ棡
زȥ
ԸŮȻ𾪣תȥ档
ƵˣҲסˡ
濴ŰƳƬ̣ӱȥȻ˺ܶ࣬Ӳûʲôı䣬ֻˮǰʼ˫ת۾䡣
ЩҲʲô
һַſˮһЩ棬һʵעҩ棬ϸȻûд
ʱѾʵ棬ʵҾͱըˡ
ʵұը֮и˴ӻתһǸ˵ǰϤǳֵĽݣһѰҰƣʼҲûҵ
ʬѾըķˡ
鶼Ľо飬Ľݸһ˳֣ʱĽѾǳĺ֮ˡ
ߵǸˣȻʱӣǸˣˣǸ˾֣оɹǸ˶֪ģһлû
ˮһ棬ǰƴ󸹱㵹ڵϵĻ棬֮Ǻӱڹ廳վһȺӵĻ档
ƿ棺ǣ
վҪ뿪ġɳƣƺһصʯͷ䵽Ŀˡ
ûа취
΢΢˻ƣǸźӵˣô죿
۾ܾãǱߵûдãҪǴˣһҪмС֮ˡ
̧ϿֲֺϣĬĬ䣬һֵֻڰƵüģ滭
ȥɡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ִ

۾ҽ̹أ
̾ϢлҪǻǻڲУֻ˻ŵʱǸˣѾɢˣѾҲҲкܳʱˣû취ˡ
ȥأ
ܻȥ˵ɡ
ָ·
ƺôϣϾˡ
ƿͷ˵ɡ
ϲ⣬תš
ĽٻߵľǰȥǰĽݹ¡
濴һĽݣ֣
Ľݰָ棬ҧָѪĻһʲô
Ѫܿ͸棬Ļ̌ͷ˵ǿˣס֮һж¿ʼʱϻ̫
أô̫ܳǲ˵ĽҲ
潫ˮ𣬿ŰƣƵĶӣΪҲΪ뿪
ѡԶͻԶ¡
ƿ۶ӣˣϣܺúõġ
һ£æֻסҪ֡
ӲˣƳлл档
̧Űƣϣ㻹
ġ
ƿĽݣĽ˲һ뿪
ŰƿһŮӣŮӽһ˰ƣл뿪
뿪һ·ͨӥСԶۣƱȥˡ
ȥҪ򵥺ܶ࣬Ǻܿ͵ɽ¡
ߵɽЩˣϢһϡ
СϢĽһֱ
ӥվ⡣
һҹ˸Σμصо棬֡
ǸֻǺᣬƺܾȵĿŶԷһֱ죬û˭û뵽֡
Ҫˮ֪ô¡
ʵʱδˣֻըˡ
ΪˣըˣĽΪҵҵ֣ĻһẦǡ
ѾǵڶˣƿӰ˵ȥɣȻѾˣСҲףȥӋO
Ľݵûɡ
ӥ˵βô
βˣҽҲûа취Ҳ֪жʱ䣬ȥûõҩƣߣЩ϶ûкúÿ
ӥʣүǱأ
ѾˣǻѾҪˣҵƽտ󱦱СǺͰľŷˣΨһĵǽ̹ٺСˣҿһ
Ҳ֪Ҳ뿪뿪ǰҪСƺСȥպǳҲǵҰɡ
ӥ˵үһµˡ
Ǿ͹ܲˡ
ƲڶԣҪ߾ߡ
Ľȥ߹ء
;³羰⿡
СҲڵߣ˳ߵĺҲ˵飬ǳʱ򣬾Ѿı˶ץ
˺ҵ˶ɱˡ
ҵǺĶ磬˵Ǹɲˣץ廹ͨץ棬Ĺץ˺ҵ뽻ȻѲﷸͻᷢ
ŻѣƳ
Ľʣʲôأ
ҲûʲôǾôţȻģȴðɣʲôҪĹҪˣ
㶼ܹģĽݻǼʵġ
ʱ䲻ˣѾʼʹˡ
Ҳˣһ᣺ȥ֮ҪСߵǸˣʵҵ֣עϵͳҩҲˣεˣӵ绰˵ˡ
绰Ҿ͸ʵըˣֲô
ûʲôҵ屻ըҲûʲôЩҲ˰ɣ
ҿǸ˵ʱҾ;ЩֵģҵʱҲû뵽̫࣬ҽ֪ģҵ֣ûϳΪôᣬΪʲôô᣿ѵΪԼעҩô
Ľüô˵ǹҵģΪ˺ң
תûлӦ
ӥ˵ҲҪ㣡
ĽݿŷӥĿĺһҵƣȻƣ
һ˺ˣǻᵣʲôģֻ˳ˣܲŻʧ
ӥ˵ĺеƿһۣ̱
СΧ߶ſԶСϻͶβҲվ
ӥԶˣҺܶࡣ
Ƶͷţˣ
ӥСϻСϻ̵СβҲܿ죬Ʊ濴ӥ˵ϳ
ϳ
ܿ˹һЩˣĽ֣ǺϤ
ƿӣעЩϵˣִˣ
Ľһ£ʮˡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ҪƬ

Ϊ׵˴Żƽ֣ʮˡ
˰֣û˵̳˹ӥڿն𣬳˹ȥ
˿Ѿоˣ˾֡
͢
Цˣ
ƵһҪ³ӥ˵ӣ㱣
Ľݿһ۷ӥصվţ͢˵ǼҵĶ֣ʦ㲻Ӧ˽оɹ֪ôʹ㣬Ϊʲôϸң˵һܼԦ㿴ˣǲܹԦ㻹ƭô
һЦԭͼı죬ѹÿζңʼǡ
ЩʼԼõİɣ
ܹңҪôģѶҵĻҲᷢˡ
֪ǶôҪѧϰЩģ˽ģҳԽ㣡
ȥˣСӳվϿ͢͢оʱʮ֪ܴ꣬˶оƼˣоҩﲻһһΥ˻Ĵͳͻɴѡ
㻹죬Ҳܸȫϡ
ڲһ齨˻ô㿴ң
͢ϵ֣ϸһ£ʲô
͢˫ۺͲȥĵطкܶ۾齨һġ
ұʵģҷҺαʱĵطðأ˶ɵһҰʵŪ˿ǱСܶࡣ
͢ôġưСŵｻСϻСϻſ»סС塣
ΧЩˣǶƷǻͻġ
ѵĻ齨ˣ͢
͢Цҵģ˵ġ
͢ͷ˿Լ塣
ŭ͢ôɥ⵽Ӧġ
ʲôأ㻹֪֮ѾʼʵˣȡһЩĸɵϣ˸ĴɣЩ˵ĻһˣĻϣˣˣֻϧĶܶǳһˡ
ƿĽݣĽҧҧô˵ҵѾˣ
ûУֻǰŵ˸棬Ѿܳªˡ͢Цš
ƿӥӥߡ
ӥû͢۲ӥҲܲĻЩ˵Ļ齨أ
͢ŷӥȥһ ӥֱϣӥһ£ȫ˺ɫ
͢ס
ƿ͢бµĻһ
һ׼ɱ͢ӥͽ̹ٶԸЩˣҶԸ
룡͢óһǹŷӥ
Ʒֲԣ̳ǱߣĽý˹ȥ
͢ǹĽݵϣĽݵ£͢ǹҪǹ
Χĺѻ˲ϯΧ͢
ҪɱҪš
ѻǿʼЩȫ˹Ǽܡ
ֽ͢Ŷȥͷûˣ˵ڵȴû
ƶ¿ĽݣĽݿŰƣҲˣ⼸嶼ʼӲˣ޷ٿأҲ֪ƭˣסҾȥҪǻزȥܻȥңһУó
ƱĽݣǺο࣬㲻Ǻô㻹ǹ
㰮 Ľݿߵķӥӥ˺ϵƤ˹塣
ô֪ң岻⣬ͷӥʱǶ֪
˯һô֪㣿δ̫СˡĽݺЦ
ƿһ۹壬Ľݡ
ĽݿһǱߣĺӶܺãҺϲҪЩִЩͺˣ
̹٣ңҺܿȥƽĽݣĽҡͷ
ҪȥҪǻصȥһеĶҲҪȥˡ
ĽݿŰƣ۾ʯͷһӲ˺޷Ӧ
Ľݣͷ׼ҧԾ͢ȻſĽ˻ȥҩ͢ϣҩ
͢ŭӰƣӣҲŹ㣡
ҧҲù
͢˵Ƴ͢ϵһ鲼ֱס͡
͢ǺǵĺЦƿһʱ䣬ҲҪܾõģҪţ˭ܵ󡣡
͢ȻȫľѾʼ˵ˣֻܿ־ݺݵĶŰơ
վδĽٻ˻ѽĽݵȼһѻճ˻ҽ
վһ߿һᶼûעŻһֱĬ
ǹġĽݳ˻ҽߵƵȥ˵ûᣬһӣ͢ס
֪ͨҪ鵽͢ѵ㣬⣬ҪƬˣҪɱˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ 

忴ŰƣһԲ
ƿ㲻û˰ɣ
һɱôҲ¡
Ϊ˾ˣ£ûһ۹壬˹
˵ˣ˵׼һ̳ӣҪװȥ
ܿ׼˴̳ӣȸֹֹ͢ѪȺȻװ̳棬ŵһ棬úڲס۾
岻⣺۾Ȼ˿۾˲Ǹã
ڲҸκ˾žˡƴŸʵҲ鷳ҲûѡҪĽȡʱ䣬ֻô
忴۱ᵽ̳ӣΧôң
βȥҡ
ƷԸˣβȥڣƬ˸Źȥܿһӣţˮ¶е죬ĲˣƲŸ˴ӡ
˻ʣ¼ģиŮ˻ŶӣԷҪƾȾƿŽŮˣôеģ
Ů˿ֻŵĿţҲ֪Ǻܿ£Һ£
忴ƣ޹ġ
ƿ壺ĲˣͲô˵ˡ
Ľһ̽ȥŮ˲ҽˡ
ǰ߰ưѻС彻壬ŽڴңҵһŹȫɱ
˫۶Ǻģǰ׵ģһԲݾѪĺˣ
һ飬ҵ棬һɽķӣţ滹һЩѾ˵ˣһЩٹˡ
ƿ֮һѻְˡ
Χ幫ﶼҹȷû©֮㣬ŷġ
ҹҲûߣڴ氲Ӫկҹƻң©֮㡣
ڴֻּⷢ󣬶ûŹ
屧С忴ŰƣҲ̫ˣ
ƿ壺һ˵ĵԸıһĻһȺʲô
ˣҪߣɵĻʲô
û˵ƿϣ̹ٺһΪ˰£ԲһУΪ࣬Է
үô
һ˵㲻ֻȻԺҪȥӾҲַʽ
ǾãҲûʲô
үվһֻȥŮɣ
屻µƿԣˡ
ûתȥ
ʱ䣬ƶûЪš
뿪ǰƻѰΧûС֣һ鶾ҩ
Ƶİ׼ұͱ׼ҵ˷ˣҲӰƺ͹壬˷ӥӣŰȥİ׼ұ
׼ұɽӣɽǵĵطƸ˽ȥҪɽȥ
أǾ֣Ȼ֪ˣֻĻܾò˵ʲô
չˣֻиڡ˸߰ơ
˭
Ʒ硣
ŶҾͲȥˣҵӣȥˣɽµţҴźӣɽƿɽһǡ
Էԥһ£ȻȥҲȥˣʱɽϢȥ㡣
ҲãƸûȥɽµȡ
ưС屧ߣðȻȥ£ǵĳӺֻñȥ
ãȥɧóȥһ㣬ǵĸ涼һģóӽȥܲᷢ֡
ҲֲˣⲻǴ֮
ͬѳӷ˳Сڲģ˳ȥ
ߺ󣬰С壺оʲôˣ
С촽ӋOˡ
סȻأ
С岻˵̧ͷƣһ⣺ô˵
С촽ӋOĸˣ
ƾȿ壬С屧ǰӣ˽ӵġ
ô£
С忴Ź壺ӋOܱˣܸоĸΪ˾Ѿι˹Ƴ棬ܴĹƳ棬Ҫ壬ΪûԪ֧Ų˶á
ƳѰҪСǻʳƳСƳ뿪
൱ںϡ
ӋOΪٿصĶҲϲƳ棬رǳĸĹƳ档
ں΢ˣ
С˵˫§ס壬ſϡ
Ŀ΢΢һʹƷͰǱߣûҵ͹ˣҪ뺦ˣܷŹǣ
ǾͱˣȻˣƴóŷ˳ȥ
ʱ׼׼Ҫɱӵɱ͢ǱһЩЩҲ㹻ˡ
ϵĳӿʼһƬ
̧ͷۺѻȥסҪȥ
Сѻ¸µķߣƿ壺үְɣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ 鷳

ɽһ·Ѫɺӣɱˣɱӡ
ڵƵɽϣѾˡ
һȺ˵Űƺ͹壬ǶԼĹƳ棬ЩɣЩªġ
ʮ꣬С꣬ǸŮӣúƯСѾͷűӣС廹ЦЦ
С΢У忪ʼĹƳ˳ʼϣſͷϡ
ǾǱһͷȺС忴һǸԴ
ɱСոտڣǸͷоԾϵĳӿʼ궯ȻʼᣬͷϵĹƳԽԽ꣬Ȼʼͷϴڣͷ۵ȫС
ͷڵʹĺ
Ƴͷ˳ڵŤų˹ȥһȺҲʼ궯
СŮС壬ɳСЦüһɫĶһֱûһ¡
ߵŤʹధһ㶼£Сߡ
С俴ȥСŮЦЦҲ㣡
С壬˭ѯʣС忴һᣬͷϵıһӣ㲻ˡ
ţСŮȥץСǲᡣ
СŮΪ˵õһ˹ȥۿǸһͷɽ£ҽš
С峯һȥѾû赲
ƺ͹峯Ǳȥ赲һնɱɽϵĹƳ׷׺ˣССھڵϣ̷˹ȥ
ߣС˵Ļˡ
ֻƳҲҽȥԸˡ
ɽһܴĶѨѨһˮأˮмһʯͷʯͷӋOӋOӴСϸųĺӣſţƺҪӋOȴֻܷȥ޷
һ֣ӳŰǷ˹СȻҲԺˡ
ƿС壬ǰȥ
С壬ˮжѣСᣬˮߣæҪȥסˡ
̧ͷȥѾͣˡ
㿴ˮѣƿˮˮѾζߣСȥһŲһͷϣ߸ҲһСͷϣƽһ
һˣСԺͶｻ
վţС峯ӋOȥ̳Сüֺĳ˹ȥһѺѶ֪ô졣
ʱСüһɫĶȻסˣСŤͷʱӵϣˤ÷飬˺ѵӵϴæתסӣɱ̼˶ӡ
СߵʯͷǰӋO̫СˣȴӋOתصǰӋOƣӋOݹᾣĿͣƱӋO˻Σ̫СˣڵС˵ܴ󣬵԰˵̫Сˡ
ޱӣһ뿪ɽˮҲ뿪
ǳȥɽȻ̮
ɽСȼ˴ɽ
һȻĸӡ
ƾЩ嶯ˣ˵С壬֡
Сͷָ£

һԹ彫ӱ𣬿ƣĸӣˣ
ҵطסɣ鷳Ľݸǳ˵ͲˣҲû
꣬ȻȥָһѪӋOӋOƢС࣬ͽš
С죬Ѫ˽ȥ
ǿһ㣬ӋO˯
ƿС壬Сһ߿ӋO˾ôš
ȥ˸طס£Ҳмʮס¡
طôϲ˵ˣǲϲ
رǵǳӣ˯оȴ档
ϰʶ壬һ̳Ź񣬰ƵǲΪȻ
ŰȸӋOҽΣӋOûʲôصĲֻ岻ǺܺãǳڲԲǵĻ
ƴˮСӋOϴϴС嵹ˮܰӋOҪţϴ軹ҪСġ
ϴ豧ӣɾȸӋOϸɾ·ӋOڴ˯СŰʣӋOԣ
һͳˣȥȥ׼ࡣƽȥר˵࣬СڴϣҲֻдʱǸӣ֪ʱʶ򿪾Ǵ˵ƢҪʶˣǺӵƢ
Ƶ࣬ƸӋOιӋOԸԣ۾ҲƷ˵ۣ
С̸˵ĲˣƿСһۣǸӡ
ӋOСԣԱˣСתȥţ£Žţ¿˿ƣϴһ£Ҳϴϴ
׼ˮȥϴϴ
£ƿӳ񣺡֣ˣΪģôңֻӋOͺͲûţ͸һ
˯ţʼ
˵ˣ˯ɣ˯ջҪȥ
ȥţҲջȥ飬գ鷳ˡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ˾ٱ

˯ҹѾſˣСҲˡ
ܵʲô鷢ֻҪз紵ݶСˡ
СûʲôӦӋO棬˵ûʲôɵĵģûô飬ĺˡ
ȥſڣŷ쿴һۣȻվŹ塣
˼䣬Ƿ˹u͵ټҺҵȥҹuˡ
תϴǱ飬İɣڣ˭Ҳ˺ӋOϢ
СţСӽӋOӣӋOƺҲСˣСС§ӋOӋOҲûоܾ
ƿӣǰ״̬ӋOǶ߰һˣ֮ǰĺܣȴ
˯ţƸǸ˸Ǳӡ
ʣҵҵˣ
ҵ飬ҵǲܵ顣£ҵΪʲôҪuôҲأ
ү˼ǣƭǣĿҪ׽
š
ô죿
˼˵ɡ
˯һᣬ洫򶷵ˣ۾ƿµĹ壬˵ȥ˯
үСģ֪ģǵġ
ŹŵıӰܾʱԽԽˣҪǲģԺûˡ
ҲоЩԣҪʲôøɵ£㲻һƤҲ
ĽˣǰԴƢȴԹԶûоûˡ
ﲻ̤ʵ
ʣҸʲô
ûʲôСһ㣡ƵǲˣǶѡ
忴һᣬת뿪
ŹϹͷһ۷ţתԺ˲ˣѾˣӥûվſڡ
忴һ۷ӥô£
չ˹ˡӥҲǽġ
忴Ժ棬ֲǺܺãûжþͶˡ
ү̫ˣǾģӥˣô
֪ˣˣߣҪǳҲýתȥŹϴϴ֣¹¼ϡ
ô£
һЩˣھߣҪˣս£ôˡ
ϴ·ӋOڻС屧
ΣƽһӣҪС
üһΣ
ѵүӹƴȤ巴ˡ
˯ɣʲôСŵϣˡ
Ҳûǿ뿪Ͼ岻ߡ
Ҫߣ·Ͳſˡ
̫Ů֪ĳȥ
ưӋO£ϴϢ
°ҹӷŵ棬һֻʼŰƵ֣Σʼղš
ƿ˯ˣ˵ҪƲˣںԺһעˮȵƲһ²һȥӶ࣬ϴʼӵǰ˸ӰľСǣǵʮ
ƶ˯ˣ۾Źһ᣺ǵãҵƽҲȥôҲոꡣ
ʲôǰꣿ岻֪ʲôǰꡣ
ƽͰ죬˯
Ʒ˯ˣٶ࣬Ҳֲ˷֮ĸ顣
һҹδ߰񣬸ճžͿԺվ˲Ĺٱ
ҲڣСڿЩˡ
ǿ׳Ҳͬñ٣رĽʿ
ʲôˣСģ˹ѯʡ
㿴ʲôˣһԵ޹ʰɣȹٱ
Է˵ǽӵ˱˵ɱ˲ˣ˵˺ܾá
ôҡ˵˸һӣ±㿴ŶԷ
ˣ۲ڣôиĶô
Էһ£û뵽ῴݡ
ĻӣĽ
һ£û뵽ô£
ϸĽĽúۣر˫۾ᣬʮӡ
ƿĽи뷨Ľˣ˭̫ӣ
û̫ӣ̫Ů̫ŮҪѼϼŮۡ
Ҫ취ѻλóȥǷŮҪҪ취
Ľûƣƿ񿴵ˣһ˵ҲǸ˼ңȻŲôḡ
ţƵһ£漴Ц¡
ḡôȥߣĽ˹ȥһѵʱҪɱƵġ
Ҳ˵Ľ˵˵ɱ˵飬ھңҵƾãҲƾҴá
ǹ񣬿ĴҲǱصˣûʸҪңˣң
Ľһ£һӣ˴˽ʼңߡ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ Ī׷

ֻ˰ʲôûҵһҵװ̳͢Ϳ͢СϻͶβ
Ľһˡ
ʲôǵҲĽŭΪϻͺǳġ
СϻʱѾúʹϻ࣬վһŵĽһͷ
СϻƢ˹ȥŵĽ󺰣ŭ£
СϻŤͷȥˣſ²ˣ´Դͷҿơ
㻹أ
ưѻӋO壬ŵģԱСҲǿԼڵߵġ
ưĽĽδתƻϢ
˻ȥ˹ȥ
ĽɫһһѰƣûһƣûվȣһˤڵϡ
һˣСϻһŤȥһſѪҧȥҲһæźסСϻ
СϻģϻצӰĽɿĽŵöգˡ
ߵƵߣŰ˰û£ĽҵһҲιϻ
ĽŤͷɫЩǱϻˡ
㻹뿴ϻĶôȻ
ɨɨϣ˵ˣС
Ƹʹ˸񣬹岻⣬ַſˡ
ƿСϻ𿪣
Сϻ뿪ˡ
ûȥĽֻ˵û°ɣ
Ľ۰ƣӵ۰ת˹ȥϵ̳ȻȻҲ֪ģɱҲҪͷġ
忴۰ƣѾͷˡ
˵ǸˣɱҸ磬Ұץûд۾⣬Ǹ
ȥ⿪֣͢͢ʱ֮Уÿ춼͢ҩʼǱһѣʲô˵ˣΪ˵ͷˣѾ޷˵ˡ
͢۾ѵ۾Ľ˱һư͢۾°ãתĽ
Ľҧҧ˵ʲôҶţȻ˱Ҿͻ顣
أƷʡ
ˣĽת壬ӵĿѾʾҪץ˼
תŻӋOģԷɡ
תԺӵæ׼緹СŰơ
Ľ˼һ£תƣǵʲôˣʬأǲǱϻˣ
ҼҵϻˡƿΧĹٱҰɣҵƾãҲҪҴˣ˵õģȷʵ⣬ҲˣǵҲ˵ãδرȲ㣬Ҳֺֽеģұˣҵ˾ı£ҲǾ˵ˡ
ôĵӣҸ˵
ô˵𣿲ᣡתһȥҲˡ
Ľһۣ˼ѡ
Ƴ˷˵̫Ӱɡ
š
ţܹĵҡ
ûҵҲѰƷˡ
ԹƴȥĽ
Ľڴſһߺˮһ߿СϻСϻгޡ
һ£Ļ̌ͷơ
ĿĽˮ£ʲô
ʲôǲҲˣҲҪԸķ䡣
ĽһЦҲҲ߲ˡ
ҡƺȻתߣĽҲ˳ȥƸովȣͿԶиµһιȥˡ
׷ȥĽҲ׷˹ȥ뵽׷ʱѾһЩ˳֣Χ
סǣֻ־ܡ
ʲôˣĽû뵽ᱻץסҰôƽ
Ҳ˵ͷԺǱߡ
ùġ
ʲô㲻عܣɡϵӣ˦һ£ƺĽͱӵϣ˴ǿ뿪
һʱ˱ӵϣ뿪
һźɫ·ӣȥҲǺܴ󣬿ƣӴ򿪡
˵㣬ܸ˵ǸûʲôõŮˣҴ˵ǸŮˣҿǸŮ˶ѣма֪˶ˡ
ץΪҪЩģƲӡ
ҵ̣תŴͷȥһһ˵մӦҵŮˣҿԷ㣡
ΪʲôأѵֻҪŮˣɷɱĵܵܣҲɱĸ硣
˵ĺܲңʬ廹ڳأ
ҵתŰƣô
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ˰æ

Ҵˣֻῴôģ߽ҵ㲻䣬ùuϵôùô
ҵŰƣ㲻ûţҲûϵôƯŮˣõģĵĻŻкܶԸΪЧҡ
ֻǵȻһЦϣóԸ
˵갲Ѿǰ˹ȥǰǴͷվ˻ΣرӭǰС
һð֪Ľôˣ
뵽ЩƾЩ̧ͷǿ֪룬׼û¡
Ϊ˲Լ˯Լһ¡
ҵľٶЦô㻹δȥɣ
˵׼顣ƿۺҵתĽȥǰָĽ⿪ӡ
϶ˣҵİƺĽˣҲֻǿŰưĽʱҲȷʵ֪ĽݣҪ֪һɱĽ
ƸĽ⿪˵ںЩԺһȥϢ㱣ңҪ¡
˵ʲôʱ㻹˼˯ĽûŮˣ϶ˣҪǳʲôô죿
Ҳ˯סĽͷĲУҲŲȥĽݣˣסˣ
Ʊ۾ֱӵĽϣĽһѷסƣεڻİƣ㲻ҪŮˣ
Ľ޵ֱҧҵ΢΢ü˼ˣǷֿҪô죿
ĽźҵȥΧѾΧΪ˻Ľƿٳˮȥ
ͨһ͵ˮҵŭץסǡ
һȺˮȥץˣûץˣĽˡ
ҵңҲͱ
ʱĽѾŰʮˡ
Ʊϰ˲ݴ棬ĽҲ۵ĲᣬСϳʹֻΪĸĺ磬ʺݲ⹫Ȼʵĺѣ
ĽС«έﳤˮԼá
Ϊ۵ĶӣʺǶн黳˴ɱûе֣ȴ˲ܼˮӾˡ
⻹ǵһˮʹȫˡ
˯ˣĽһᳯŰƿȥ˯ˣ͸һ
Ļ̌̽һ£ȷʵ
ĽûŮˣһ
ԶˣĽ֪˴ܾѰƱ«έܿԶˡ
Ȼˣﶼ«έ£ΧмˮҪ뿪ͲܣҪܿЩˡ
ҲûҵĽͰƣǰ˯ĺܳ
ǻִˣѺĽݵĵطˣȻԭĵطֻΧһŵζ
ƿ˿ϣλҲ壬ͰﲻĽݡ
ƺżȥĽġ
ҲУҲУ棬ûκηӦ
żȥûãʵһ˶ûС
ƴϵȵϣϵȵϣҲ֪˶ãſ濴Ľݡ
̹٣̹١ˣٲѣҾˣ
һֱ˵ٻĽݡ
о䣬ķ紵ţƻһ˽˻β뿪
۾˿
ĽĽˣ˿
ˣĽû뵽ƻ˯˼ʱ˯ѣˣ
ûעĽʣЩô
ˣҲȥΧˮЩطԲͻȥĽʵ뿪һȫû⣬ǴŰƣ߲ˡ
ţиѱסˣһ棬ԭȥʱһʵ壬ھֻвܼܰңڴȥץסҵ֣ʵģܽӴǸʲôҿңֻҪң۽ҪʲôҶ԰㡣
һסĽ֣ĽһæҪס㲻£Ҵȥһһֱߣġ
Ůˣ˵ʲô֡
ĽˣҪƵ֣˫סĽһֻ֣ͷ˫ۣˣҴĽȥҪ
˵ǰ˷磬ĽΧѾüĵĽϣǵãüĻʲôģһõġ
绮ĽȻΧо֮УܿΧȴˣĸоƾߣһط
ƿĽֿʵңȷƳĽߣĽоֱţ̧ͷǰ濴кֵĶ˹ȥ
(δ)

ڰ˰ʮ ֻ۾ḡ

ĽܿʶΣ侲ǰס֣˵˵ҪҴȥɲҪʳԣھ취
ĽǰֵĶתӳȥûá
վһ߸żҹ۲죬һߵİťĽǱȥĽϣһЩť־棬Ľһ£Ȼˣһ䵽ϣ߹ȥĽְڰť棬Ľȥ򿪡
Ƴ濴ȥĽݿȥǻŵģĽȥ̽
ȷ˻ţϲ⣬һޣĽҲ۾
Ľݿǰˣô㣿
Ľסǣ
أ
Ľݺܿ췴ӦϷʡ
Ľ߿ˣסĽ֣˫ס֣üĵסĽȥ
ĽۿĽ뿪ģȥվ￴ȥ
۾ΧҲĽ˸Σ۾Ʋ˵ˡ
ưÿ˿Χˡ
ĽҲһΧȷʵѾˡ
ĽʣǸ˭Ϊʲôʶң
˵Ҳδػţ㻹ʲôƺۣ¼ϢĽҲЩۣһϢ
ƶ˲«έ濴һ⣬ѲϵĺɰС͵һᣬƵͷȥɣү
С˰ƿĽǲؿۣ
Ľһ£ô֪
ǴҸ㿴ָҡ£δⱻ˷֡
Ľԥһ£°ָƣַŵϥ棬ưסɨ衣
μĺҲ͸϶ˡ
ǷˮףΪˮ̫ñﻵˣķӦǽȥʲôǺˣһȥ㿪һҩһԣӦÿû¡ʵ԰ѪֱӸĽˣͿȬΪĽ̳лλƻȥˡ
뵽⵽ƣˣһʱˡ
ĽŰƵģոյĻȥܵظǸǲүү
ǸĽʲʡ
ǸˣֻҪ֪Щ͹ˣҪˡƲ˵Ҳûã˵ĺֱӡ
ĽЩҲסҲûԡ
ҶˣҪץ㣬㲻ҪߡĽȥץ㣬ץס
㲻Ҫȥǵ㣬岻ãѾ ȥŪһЩݣšš«έ淭࣬ҵŪһӵˮϥ«έϡ
Ľ£ƽͣʵϲ򾣬ϺҲǿԵġ
Ľʣˣ
ƿĽݣ˵һ˻ˡ
С
Ǹʲôϵ
ɷ򡣡
ǵģ
š
ҲţôСкӣ
£Ҳ꣬Ҳǲǰʶ͸ɽͯһûг˷ˣûκεط
Ҳ˵˶ڳڱ仯ûС
ͣŮѾóǼӵˣžûӵӡ
ƾ£ⱲӶˡ
ȹ˵ʱڵӣûκα仯ô죿
㲻С檣Ľʡ
ƿĽεתڲ˵㡣
ܿϹ˰ưǺܴһ
ư㽻Ľ
ĽҲ˼׳ԣǺܿˣŪ˸һ룺ô
ƿ͵ǰ㣬ȷʵı֣ĳԲȥҲм档
ת԰ɣҲҳԡ
ƺΣ«έӵƵ¡
Ľסû뵽ƾôˡ
𣬾ͻᱻ˷֣ʱҶΣա۾ͷϵˡ
֪㲻ùңֻǳԲߣϢһᣬܿͺˣȳԣҪУңһᱨ㣬֮ǰ˵ġ
ƲʳԵˣᱨĽġ
ĽŰƿһᣬתȥ㣬ƲԣԼԡ
Ҳû˵Ҫʲôһ߿ơ
ڵʱ˿СӺɰ͵ġ
ΧһۣվĽߣĽŰƣ߲˵ģ̫ˡ
ߣô֪߲ˣƿΧˣܲԴУ
̫࣬˵߲ˣ߲ˣĽѰסЩˡ
Ҫ֪ҵ͸ø㿾һԡĽʱܺڡ
ûסһЦ˳ģ
ĽתŰƷЦЦһ£ḡŮˣ
Ƶˣֻ۾ḡˣ
ǣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ٰʮ ƹ

û˵Ľ˵Ҫ㣡
һʼû壬̧ͷĽûзӦĽѾ̣תȥˡ
ĻĽɱңҲʲô³˳ȥһǲĽƵǲκ˿Ƶġ
ƹ۲һΧ̫ˣĽݺҲԲЩ˵Ķ֡
ƿźҵڲԶվš
һ£̧ͷһۣСѻûиŹ
ҵƺĽ̻ͷŰƣɱڵĲá
죡
ƳɣƢܲ
ʺ
Ц£Ľסˣˡ
ߣĽתźҵȻǶźҵģȴƣһʹߣˮ֮ϱȥұĵطһҵ㡣
ãһᣬͻˡƸоõڸ
οҲˮˮи˵ǺܰȫһЩõˣ
Ľãʲôʱˣȥȥ
Ʋ˵
ĽͷٶȿƣƵȥЩĺӡ
ĽĿһҲǹ˵㣬㲻ȥ߲ˡ
ûֻô뿪ѡ
ǾҵġĽˮƲϣĺҵߣܿͻ
ĽסƵ֣׼Ű뿪һ£ָָϣˡ
Ļ̌ͷ˺ܶѻĽ֣ѻ
š
ƿԶһҴһЩƬ˿ٳ߱ߣĵȻǱˮϵġ
ҵתƬѾߣһҲһ˿ٸϵߣҵһߣЩ˸죬һ˴Źߣ䵽˺ҵǰҵ׼˵Ѿ˰ƵǰҲֻգ۶ѡ
̧ϵĹߣһ㵣ǲ¶ģǸʲô
ˣuʹ˸кЦ档
ôˣں棬㻹Ǵϵĺˣ
ָָߣڹu͵ϣˡ
uֻһЦˣԭҲǲڵˣѾǹuˣҺѾûκιϵˣӴԺֻңuͣ
һЦݣЦѣǰҪ˵ôӦƵġ
ôҲᣬÿ˶ÿ˵ĻôѡȨûҪ棬Ҳû취档
uͿһĽ˵˵ڸҸպҪ͹㣬㻹
ƶͬϾǹҲʦڵҲ̫ܡ
ƻʣûнӵϢҵô֮ǰүӵϢ˵ǺҵͶˣһ㲻ôͶ㡣
أu续ϲŮˡ
Щ⣬ôˡ
˼ԺҵΪҵģүͨģҪúҵҵˮҪүභȵܾˣͿԽһˡ
uͺȻЦˣÿô
ҡͷҵǴֻûˣŻס˵үΪҵͶͬͶ
ţǰѱɵӣҪɵӣɵˡ
ҵתһһСŮޣһϻС޹Ĺ壬̣θ룿
ҲŹǱ߿ȥãǶֵܣģңǲƽѰɱǣΪ˴յİȣɱ
u͵ͷʵίˣܸߣպλ
Уվ˶ΪηҪϲҵļأ֪uûѣеľ˺ˬuϲȴ˿˵ˣ֪
˶ҶǸȥСҲһЩЩ껪Ǻ쳾һ֪Ϊʱܴżǿʤ
Ұ˶Ȩϵһο϶ȴˣı޳
㣬ȻҲԸƻ֮ĸ飬ȴദʱ䡣
Ϊ˶ҿԽΪҿж׹
ƿһ۹Ǳߣ϶ż
˵ٺҲţ
أ߰ɣܾˣҵĻʺѾƹĬu
ƹЩãȻ
(δ)

ڰ˰ٰʮһ uʹ

uͿĽʣĻӣԸͬô
ǵʲôϵҴû˵ʲôƹ
ȥ˾˵ˡuתƣҪҶ֣ǶãǵҶ֣Լأ
ɫȻôʶ㣿
ĸ
uͻͷһɫĹ壬̣Ϊһ֮֮ϣΣɱζûɱɵˣڻҪ㶪ңҪسųꡣ
üͷ£ΪΪҵ߸
ô֪أ㣬ϣأȻүɷΪ˴øң룬ҪǴӦˣͳųˡ
ȹĴΪһŮ˵߸ˣˣ
㻹ǲ˽ɣҪҲûʲôֻҪĻӣĻвҪβ
ƿһֱ˵Ľ˺أڹ۲죬˵δزǺ¡
Ľ۰ƣҲչҸβҪߣȻܣ
Ľѵŵu͵Ĳϡ
uʹһ۲ϵĵһЦ̫ˣ
ܱã
uͿƣ̧ҪƿѾסĽ֣ĵˣĽȻԸ⣬ȴҲûп
ưѵĽźãעʱǰˣ򲻹Ҳ򲻹Ȼ㲻Ĵ򲻹ˣȲˣͰɵ
Ľˣ˵ʲôô֪Ҿ͸ɲ
˵ܸܲɵ
ҲʾĽĿŰƣȷʵû˵أͨҲδشù
ƼĽ˵ſuͣǿˡ
˵갲ƿ۹ǱߣŬuȥҲ뿴ƹʲôӣҪ뿪¯Ѿ˿ʵۣѵȥ
ο֣ҪⱲӶô
Ľһ뿪Զ񷤣˵棬u͸ֶվǰ棬ƶӡ
ߵһվţźϵķ硣
u˵֮ǰ˵ôƭʱ򣬵õϢ˵Ѿҵ˳ͣ㣬һ߽壬һ㡣
аţȻùǱ
ǧҲ㣬ǰˡ
uЦƿһᣬȻ˺֣Ҳһ﹬Ը
ĺء
˵һˣ
uһ£תƣþŷԸתʱһ㣡
ǣ
ƾ֪uͻչ˵Ǻ¡
£u˵涼ˮǰԶǴˣ˴ϢԷô
ҡͷu˵һҽ˸ЩԵĶǲʳô
ҡͷá
һ¾ͱһһƿǰвɣˣʵǸˣֻǰɽɽˮˮֻ̫µˡ
վתʱлζģƲվȣuһס󣬽ߣֱۻסӲվš
ĬĬĽ˫ֱĿŰƿḡ
ûȥŷ磬uͻǲĵʡ
̣ûС
uת棬ߵŮӣ侲Ѿֻһγξ
Ϊ˶һµŮˣˣ
ֻǡִǲܶ˵ģᵹǺ£Ȼһ¿ֺη
uͿԶѾģЦһЦ
ģվȥ
񷤵˴󴬵棬ƵǵĿȥӣôߣȥãֻǵĵġ
ȿڣֱһ£ȥuѾϴˡ
ĽˣҲ䵽ϡ
ƱϣuûϷǱڴתһȦЦһ磬ȴԼתˣ̧ͷ˵
ôһ㶼ߣŮ˲ǸýһôuͻЩʧġ
ƹֱܲˣתվһɫ԰׵ĽȥסĽɨ壬ȷѾˣ˵㲻ʩչڿʼҪ˹ȴ󴬿ˣҾ취ҩġ
Ľһ˦֣
֮ǰֻǾðḡһЩڰĽЩ֪ˡ
Ůܸ㱧š
Ƶǲ⣬תuͣ岻á
u͵ɫЩ䣺ŰɣӣָʲôʱҪɱˡ
岻ãܹѺҲߣ׼ˣҳϢһᡣƲ
uĬˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ٰʮ £Ľ

Ƶһͣ½ϳԵĶãuҲԸˣƵǳԵĺƽҲԱˡ
ֻĽһֱעŰƺͬuͣ·ǿһԹŮһô˳ۡ
ԹȥϢĽ˹ȥu;һš
Ϸ̣˲㣬uͳĽĻӿԸһ֣
Ľһߣ۰ߵǰ£ɨһϵӡ
壬֮ûм˲Χ壬ĽСʱ͸⹫ˣҲֻǸ⹫¹⹫˵ܰҲ⹫¶ǰ
ǰˣĽȴеҪǾĶ
ӮأĽʡ
uͳһ˲Ļӵ˵òŶԣʵûʲôԸĻӵģȫҲ޷һң˵ĸĻӣĻҲϡԻˡ
Ļӣ⼤鲻ʺΪ֮
Ľסʲô
ĻȻ٣ȴ˲һҪ壬Ҳ۸ĸ岻ǿĻʹϽĻҲпԭ
Ļӹи⹫˵Ǹ˵ˣݱ£˲Ŷԡ
ϻʵƽ
ʱλһֱ׷ҡ
˵Ĳ֪黹кܶ࣬ͺΪĻǸ۲ˡ
ֻǻʺĸ̫ǿˣҲòѡ
ӾǸӣҪ֧ţҲհɡ
ĻӣҲлΪ󽫵ĲŶԡ
Ľݲһӹ޵µˣǵֵܣв׵ı֣պضд
ĽȻһЦ˵·һһ͸˵Ķҡˡ
ֻ˵ʵѣĻǲɽһһˣ
ĽЦĽֲңҲ̽ңʲôΣҪߵġ
˾ͻıģ֪ġuͿһ۰ǱߣĽҲųǱ߿ȥ
ˣ˯Գġ
uȥƵߣӸƸϡ
֮ǰǸ嵽׷ϣһҪ︴ҵ߱ҪȥӶᣬ³Թµĵط
ʼԥҪҪĻҪԣŷ֣¾ǵõ
ѾӵƹȻƹĵطСǶԱԣȴǸͳ
Ҫƹ滮Լ£һ죬ķ½ǧš
uߵһ£һ֣̽䣬˺һ̫ƽԴϲˣ
ֲû˼Ȼ֪Ľڣֻ£αҪȥǺܺá
˵Ҫ˵ҲҪվԼ֣ﲻǺܺã
Ľ֣Ҳҵˣ˵Щʲô㲻ΪŮˣľͺ˵Щ
ѵҺĽ֣лˣ
㣬ƹĺճҪҴùϵģô
ĽǶ࿴˰һۣò˵Ҳ˵ЩҲ֪Ҳ˵ˡ
һԲϾ˵ͨˡ
ԵطסֻҪ㲻뿪סﲻСuͼԼ壬ʼˡ
ĽһЦΪһġ
ҿu˵꣬ſ˳ߵĽߵ뿪
Ľһӷ£塣
uͿһۣ뿪
˿ʼ塣
˯ѴҲˣ֮ȥuŵլӡ
ƽ˵үСˣ㲻ܶʱðԼլӣˣйʱʵʲôΣǰ߰ɣ
ҲǣʵЩطһûʱЩѾˣҳһֱںǼ棬ǶҼģҳʱҲЩط
Ѿǰĵλ˵ˣ㸸ͷֵˣǶ㲻
û
˽լӣһйһ졣
ĽҲլĸֺͳС
ĵطԲһЩ֮ͽĽں˵
uֻǻͷһۣĻӷģһ뿪뿪Ҳǲżȥ͸ĻΣ
Ҳϡ㲻ðլӣ㻹
תĽһ࣬δΣúõһѿˡ
ȥᣬȥǰܿתһȦȥˣֽʿҩuͣ׼ҪãҪ
uͶҩҲоһۣȥ졣
ƿĽȥϴϴ·һ㣬Ҹˣҩԡ
أ
ƴʱģȵζ
Ƶͷ˿һȥϴܺԼ
һ𡣡
(δ)

ڰ˰ٰʮ ľ°

ĽˣƿȻЦ˳
ЦʲôŰƷЦĽһ䡣
ЦݣŮܲף²Уuͣչɣȥ·
һ㶼ȥ˺档
ĽҪȥuͽסĻӣ롣
˵תȥĽŸȥ
ţȥϴ˳ƾȥԺͷϵĺѻȥҬuͺĽ
ĽѾ·һµİЩ⣬·ǴװҲû뵽uͻ׼·
Ͼķ̺ǴȫȻͬʵϣķ½ϵĴķҪһЩرŮ¡
ǴĹװһЩװҲǼнģرǽͷ֮ͬЧ
ĽŰƣʲôˣ
ƵͷһۣuͣuҲһװûģһүĽѣǺɫģǺܻġ
ǿˣuʲô˼
ĽķΣɫЩࡣ
ҲǺϲ
ǴҲ̫Ůƣ
Ľһ£Ƶǲ̫⣬ȥסĽɨ裬ȷûʲô̫ı仯˵ãҴһЩġ
Ľһ֣תԺȥ룬ĽĺϣվͲˡ
u֣Ѩ
ҿɲʲôѨҵоܸܲ˵ѨǲУֻˣڶ˶ѣҰȥҪβ
תȥ˺Ժз䣬ȥվڴߣڿĽѾŵ˴ϡ
Ľ£ͼ˫סȭͷУ嶼ľģܶ
⿪Ľףһɫ¡
ƣĽΪҪʲô飬˵֣ˡ
˵ûдҪǴˣͲô鷳ˣãҸ磬Ȼ㡣
˵ó룬ȸĽ˼롣
Ľôصĺ˵㳤ڷˮףҪˮ
ӣ·Ľ⿪ҸȥȷλãƵӺ˵Ĳͬ׼ҽѧġ
ӵļͷ࣬ǿ϶Ĺ״һߴͨġ
һˮͰƷԸ˰ˮͰ͵һߣ˵ŲһЩ
uհ죬һֻɨ裬һֻֽγӵһߣȥ
Ľ˫ۣΪһ㷴ӦûС
λãҲЩ
Ҫۼ죬ҪˮųҪġ
ĽѾ˵ֻעŰơ
ƵﴫˮһЩˮ滹ܸɾ
һԬuͿ۰ƣۣʣǲǲ
һУӣ¡
uʣɣ¡
ãܲˣ΢һͻ˵ĵطҲܶҲһס
uȥһӣ£һ
ˮͰˮȻ֮һˡ
ƺһһֻɨһΡ
ôôࣿuͻЩ⡣
Ľ۾ϡ
˵ʵͳֲʹˣֻŲ˵ȥǺˮס
Ҫÿ춼ô
ãҿԸƣֻˮԺҲòˡ
ƿˮѾͰˣҲˮˣƲŰӻ
һֻһƿҩϣס
ðĽסûиоеˣ
һ㡣
ĽţԲѾʼˡ
˼룬ĽϣʱۣϢһᡣ
ĽƤأ۾ûþ˯ˡ
ƿ˯ˣuͣ˰ʰһ£ȥ
uͰ˰֣ȥƸĽѪˣĽüͷ˶Ҫˡ
ưÿҪϣuסƵһȥ
̧ͷŬuͣһ֡
uͶŰƣѪ
һµġ
uһڣŰѰƵſưһ߿u͡
ĽҲˣֵߣոշһǸΣѾû˿ˡ
ĽЩѪҲˮҪĽһ˸ոպã˸u;Щˡ
ֿŬuͣΪʲô
Ǵ֮ҾͺںһΣ仯ܴҲͷֱҲû

뵽ϵۣҲһɡ
ôûУ
ָҲû˵ʲô
ûҵǰ޳ݸӢˣụϸаɡ
ϸŹ壬û֡
ľ°ɡ
ҪϢҪϢȻȥˡ
ƿһڴϵĽҲָĲˣҲˡ
ƳţĽҲ˻ȥЩӡ
ˣǰġ
(δ)

ڰ˰ٰʮ ô

³˳ӣu¿ô
Ϣһ£һ˰ҩĽȥ
Ϊʲôһ㲻Թ
㶼ˣԹҲûã´λġƱ۾uƸ˱ӡ
ڵõ㣡
۾ô
u뿪Ϊ֪ܣҲŲôÿʧȥȽϣԸš
ҲΪָ飬㡣ƿſڡ
uҲͷһۣתƣ֪ˣһʱ
߰ɡƾìuͻǲҪ͹ĺá
˯ɡ
u뿪Ʋű۾Ϣ
ϢһȥĽĽѾûˣ￴ļŲŽȥĽתƣ˼һᣬҲû˵ʲô
ƽţһϵҩ룬ˣ˵ǳҩˡ
ϣǳҩӦϡ
ߵĽǰסĽɨ飬Ѿˡ
쿪ʼҪʱҩÿһΣȳ죬֮ٸ㿴ӦþûˣҪ£ٸ㿪ҩơ
ưĽַ£Ľʣ֪ǵĹϵΪʲôң
ʹôȥ¡
Ľתȥ£ȻһãҲϡҲ֪ʼҵ飬͸ǶͷΪʲôҺãʲôĿģ
ھʣһˣ̫Ůû̫ӣҾպ̳лλˣҲϣÿô
ʲôһ
ĽЩ֣ӺͶȻѾᣬǻĽӣôʣԼˣ
ĽѾˣôҲ㣬ȷʵˣ㸸ۣĽݵһ˵㡭벻Ļʵۣ
˭ʵ˭ʵۣĽɫǿʢ֮Ǳ˵һ֮أ԰á
˵̫ŮҪͣҵģôҵ顣
㲻һҶķ½ҵģкܶء
˵ӣĽһҹ˵ˡ
Ҳܻ䣺
㻹ǸĽû˵һ˿һôĺӣôᡣ
Ʋ⣺ҪͬˣҪͬ⣬һȥ㸸˵
Ľûϻش𣬰ƾ͵ǴӦˡ
뿪Ľתȥһ¡
תʲô£
ϲôĽвʡ
ƿһĽΪǻкܶŮ˵ģһҲϲһһרģҲÿһ˶רģ˶ר飬߸ҵ뷨
ʼվ֣ȺۣҲˡ
㻹ûشҡĽȥ
Ϊżרˣֻһɷ򡣡
˵갲ת뿪
Ľ˰ô£˳ȥѾ뿪Ժȥ԰ˡ
Ľ׼ȥͿu˳ȥҰ˵Żȥǰ档
ľںȥƿĽһұһ
һ԰ӣ˭Ҳ˵ߵˮ߰ƿˮˣûϵô;۵һˣ
žҪ뿪ˣҲ˰ɣȻûôġǺѡ
δûôҩˮоȫ
uǲ뿪һ㲻֪
תuȥȥѾԶˡ
ûȥˮ滹Ⱥץһӵȥ
ȺʼƾͶ㷢
ĽʣĽĲˣ
šƴӦˣתȥ
ĽʣΪʲôƶһϵ۵Ĵ
㸸岻ãҵҲҪһʱ䣬ԻλѾûоѾˣҪʵۣǣһ߰ˣôܲ⡣
İѻλĽˣϧĽѾˣҲȥҲԸ⡣
һλΪĵĲģӮˣˣȻǲġ
һҪһˡ
ĽģϧѾˣҪƾλңǾĸˣ˵ĻǱȻ
˵ĵĻûλ˭
ѹ֡
Ľ˵˻صԺ¡
ĽʣΪʲôϲң忴ȥҲˡ
ϲһˣһǲǳһ𣬲òãòãķ½ϵ˶ãҾã͹ˡ
һ϶Ժһ쿪ʼҾѾעһ
Ҳıһ뷨Ϊ˱ã뿪
˶·鱦ӣκζϲɣΨ԰˲ܡ
ѡҪ𵽵ס
Ҳƶ߹ƾʲôӣ
ȻҲûҲûгŵ䡣
Ҫǲһ޷˵ģƾʲôΪҲϧһУ
źһ򿪣һתȥ屧һһ˳ſڡ
죺ô
(δ)

ڰ˰ٰʮ 

Ҫǲô֪ƶԱģţվո˵ĻЩڡ
忿ܿߵǰֽ§ڻ˱һ
Ľһ࣬Ѿû˷Ӧ
뿪һڰơ
뿪ӋO˹ȥӋO۵Сһڣ˻ΣղӋOأ
ӋOƯ۾ƿ˶̲סϲ˿϶ǸˣƼֱ룬һ˫۾Ṵ߶˵Ļ
ӋOҡҡͷڰƵĻˣϲ塣
Ʊһ£ӋOùԣ
СϻߵƵǰ̶׶ӣСҲǿ׳ˡ
С촽ףҹˣյˣֱӴ˽
СʱǸӣ˵ЩŴʵѾ˵ĲͬĺҪ˵ܶࡣ
ЩôҲֻʶȫʱ򣬲Żʹһ
֪ˣСˣСһ£С΢΢죬װƽһֻС֣һֻסȹӣͺӋOһˣ㲻ǱţҲǺһġ
СںˣӋOһֱױţûطˡ
ڻе
ƿĽү˵ĻӻҸ磬үĴ˸硣
ĽȻҲף
ɫ䣬üһĽͲˣĽһڣһ˹ȥĽû뵽ôֱһžϣֱˤϣ۵ڴϴ
ǳ˳飺Ҹոβˣ˭Ļϣ
һ£Ȼ£תһ۰ƣ˵ˣ
²Ϊܺãԭ¹ˡ
ţӦתƣϸĿ˼ΣֿŰƳȥ
СϻһſСߣСȥСϻȥ׳βҡ
ƸŹţͿuվڶ棬һѷĽһֱֻһֻŽָŵ档
һΣģ
ΪһѪͳɴʿˣ
үһѪѹ壬⣬üһ£ŤͷǱߡ
꣺ĽҪˣҵģֻҪˣռ˱ˣ
ƲǴʥˣuռ˱ûӦҲǲƽϣƽʱˣڻˣuҲǲôĿҲ˵Ǻûǲá
ǺѪٶѾڿˡ
ȻuȿҲӻȥ
Ҳ޿ɺǵġ
һ˹ȥụ˲䵽˸ǰֻ̧סӋOһСϻŸ˹ȥֿȭ˳ȥ˴üСģ
Ӧȴܿ졣
ǰӰڴ򶷡
ӰкȻһѽ˳æźˣſڵģĽУվſǰ׵ġ
ڵϻζ
Ļ̌ͷԺм䣬һ˴汻ӳĽײ棬һ
˵һѪ
uײײĲվȡ
忴ĬuͣȻѾ֣Ӵ˹ϣҾһҲ׷ȥ飬ҲΪ֮
ѪǷģ´αҪ
忴һ۰ƣ߰ɡ
š
ƻͷһˣŹһ뿪
uվȿƣơ
ϵĺתĿ⺮ˣ֣αҪһҲû
ˣ岻á
˵ˣ޷˵ѾԭȵݣҵĹȥѾһҵľˣүҪǲҪˣҲֻܻӾ£ҪȻүĴ
ƹɫ
ƾ֪֪ˣ֪Ҳû취ˡ
ɱ˹uͼ򵥣ɱһķ½Ͼһ÷飬Ҫԭġ
ģ
Ȼأ
忴ŴĬuͣɱ㣡
uͺЦɱңû취ƽɣ
üҪ̫ˣ֣ҾԼ֡
̧֣һ򵽬u͵ϣu죬˵ʲôû̧룬˵˻
ʱ˵˻ƿ壺߰ɡ
Źת뿪
һЩΧţѾû
ſƸŽʹ뿪ˣڲȥĻʹûʲôġ
һ·츣˵֮ǰ˵Ҫ츣뿪ģˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰ٰʮ ׼õ츣

忿һ˼츣ӦպмҪڹģƾøôȥҲ޷
ƿЩԸ⣬û
ģҪǣΪǺ£룬뿪ĵطǻܲӦ
Ļʹ츣ѾϰˣʵǵʱȥģΨһȥˡ
Ƭ̵ĳû뵽뵽Щ
ˣȥɡҲȥ츣һ
зӥȥһȥʹӥڹ⿴Ѻ͢
˹˵ү˵ĶԣҲ뵽һǾã츣ڹֻǵ
ˣҪͻˣǬǻ˿ܵģȱ츣һˡ
츣ûд¹¶
һ᣺ǾʹŰɡ
лү
ͣ£ƣ˴㣬ΪλҪŪ
һһӣźǰߡ
Ц
﹬Ͱƽ⣬˹ͿСǺͰľ
һͳŰƺ͹¹
ľʦ
Сæſͷ
ɣ˵
Ҳ°ݼ
ôˣ
¹ˣʦֻܻղᳯҪҺͰľ
Ǻ֣ǺӣôЩǷ˷ˡ
ʦ˵ľѾʮˣǸˣʦʮʱѾˡС˵һ档
ʲôǶǺӣÿҪдֲУ޷Ҫ͵˳Ǵȥˡ
СǺͰľ໥һۣС˵ǲʦܣʦҲ̵̫ѧϰ
ƿ۹壬ô˵ǲȥˡ
ȻˣҲԡ岻ѺǶߣȻϲҲԣοǵʦǲ뿪
Ƹȥ츣Ҳ
˶СǿаľӣݵλȻ˵á
ȻǺӣĹ˵Ƿʹߡ
츣ÿնǬ濴ϿʼҪȵҹΪҪȰƣܾðƻ
⼸ԽðƲˣ׼ȥʱһЩ˳Ǭˣ츣ϸȥһۣ֪ǰǻˣֱŻž˳ȥƵǰ£ưȷסˡ
ˣҪߵģʱ䲻ˣ㿴ҪҪʲô˵ǬѲһȦ츣Ҳ˸һ֪⣬æͻȥ׼ˡ
Ҳ뿪Զ׼ˣǬҲͰźõġ
츣ȻǸȻʲڣǬƹܵģڣǬʵҲ칫Լƿصġ
ˣǬĽҲ츣ãм죬츣ӣ츣ҲĹ
츣мѵصСһλùá
⼸˶츣ĸ츣Ҫ뿪ǣǬˣȥֻѰʵġ
סģҲסǬ
츣ˣʹһСˡ
ûǬڹſڵţ츣ʹߡ
츣ڰƵ԰ޱΣܾãƾǵ
һ·СǺͰľ˹ſڣŰ˵ǸûȥˣʦջϢǳ˵͵͹ˣ
ţǻȥɣúչƽˣȥϣ޲ɢ֮ϯ֪ġ
СǺͰľٴιݰƣƾѾףӣպˡ
СǺͰľȥҲ뿪
ӥ׼ˣûжߵĺ硣
һ·ϰ뿪ĶƽֻȥʱĽ׷˳Ľס˰뿪
ֻǿһۣû³ȥ˼
Һ˵仰ĽǴȶʱ˺ܾãܰѰƷˣȻڻʲôǣʲôҲ˰ô֪ˣΣ
ĽС۸Ҫѧá
ˣѰƴߡ
ƿŵĹ壬ɫѿˡ
Ҳ޶ϵұϣǱҵճȥģ˵ʱĴӦĪ׷ģκѾ׷ˡ
ѣ岻̫ãΪ̳Űæġ
˭֪֪顣
үؿңҲǺջˮĽﲻǡ
Ҹ硣
Ըӥ
ӥӵĽĽȻոȬ˰ƵѪȴָѸͣʱо޾ڳ
ӥһʱ⣬˳ȥ
(δ)

ڰ˰ٰʮ ģ̫Ů

ӥһ˳ȥһ뿪һ֪û£ȥɼܻŶӵˣҲֻйˡ
ӻζԭҪϢģȴһˣƻȥЩ˵ġ
ȿǬuͣҲɢˡ
ôˣЩֵģôٶ𾪣ҬuˣģѵͻָˣѪҲǲ̫ܵ顣
㣬һҾߣ棬ֻǶҲ֪ˣĹ֮ϣҸǿӲţµľҡ
Ȼ֪ͻȥúõĹң̼Ӧò鷳ʱúõķչ׳Ǻ¡
ΧҪʦΧ˾ĽͶͲ鷳ȥˡ
׳֮ʿû׶ˡ
ǳںģҲ⡣
ϣuһλþΪȻѪͰ׷ˡ
uͳĬãҵϣǸ֮ͽʲôûУһ㡣
ⰡһĽƿһĽúõĸu͵ǹˡ
ǴӬu͵Ŀ֪Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬲ȵİɡ
ùĽҲ֪
ӋOuְͣܿ۾ˡ
ڰuҲӺĴ˳ȥҪƻţuͻǹٶȺܿ졣
ǰһ̧ƣһ˲ɷġ
ˣˣǲҵĴϣ⣡ǿ˸ڣ˵ͷҧȥ⻰˵ˡ
ıС£˵ȻԸⰲֻˡ
ƳһҵĴɣͱ𵽴ѹˣڡ޲µ˶㣬Ҫˬu͵ĹǾĳǧˡ
ü⺮ˣЩҰˣʶ˼ˣɱһͽǧˣҲǧ˵
ƳĬʱƤӹҪ
Щ˵ˡ
ˣĿͣ׽ìuͣ˱Ҫñأ
ҪҪʬϱץʬ
䷢ȫë
ܸоʱǷ߷߲ƽġ
ƱӋOģүɡ
תƿ𴦣Ծˣǿʤϲɱ
Ҳ⣬Ҳ
ǰУ춼û˵
Ҳ֪ǲǹ˵Ȼ󲨣һ·׷ɱӥȫ¡
˴ľڣЩźһ㡣
Ʋ֪ȻڴɱĵطǻҲ
츣һǳԷʱ˿
ūˣ;浹ǲ£·һһˣܽ˵ġ츣һֹ
Ǵģʵǲл˵
츣˵ķ½ϺպҲķ½в
һɨǹ¾ǹʵѾ˵ǣķ½Ѿ˿ʼ׼ԸѾʲôܣӦ֪
ֻū֪顣
һ£ԶڿСϻСĹ壬Ƴ˷츣ãô
˵չĺܿ죬йӴ඼ǹ̫ŮģҪ̫ŮȥҲϣ̫Ů¡
նһ겻ܱˡ
Ȼ̫ŮߣǶƺ⣬ܹĹҡ
츣һϯðƿһ£ĺͷζͷĴ󳼺Ͱնᵣġ
ǸɱԵˣв˳ͻȥɱ˷Ż𣬶ķ½һŶ
ķ½ϣ˵ǷǴҲûҪɱŶԡ
ƾʼǣһˣѾȫµĵˣԺ죿
һ·Щ˵֪ˣǾͷһ˹Ҫɱˡ
ЩȻȥҵˣ˭֪ûдˣ
ȥûĵˣȫȴĵˡ
Ʋ
뵽Щˣû˺˭Ǳ˺
ֻΪ˵Ļˣϲǿ
ߣűȺ͸ȥˡ
ΪçײäĿ׷档
Ҫ
츣۰ƣû˵ʲô̫Ů̫Ůʵģ
ԶڿӵĹ壬·ǸоʲôתǱߡ
ĿҲһôоˣ
˼ת˹ȥһ
(δ)

ڰ˰ٰʮ 

ûб֣һ¡
츣壬˵ʵҲ֪Σգֻ˵ɡ
һ
̫ŮĪ˵ǻϣҲйǵģЩô󳼵ģҲǻȡ֮ġ
֪˼˵үˣз磬үķ½һսɱֶΣѾķ½ضɽҡЩ߸ϵ˵үԸǡ
浱ǰʲôɲ־壬ǲǣ
ƵĻ츣ͷȷʵ̫Ůˡ
ҪǽסȺүͻΪʸ֮ġ
ūҿ϶ūкܶˣʺȻʿūūƹ鱨
˵
̫ŮūյϢ˶̫Ůˣرǻʺ󣬻ʺټ˴󳼣Ϊ̫ŮӦϻصڴ̫ŮȥΪ
ԶҪʹɱ֡
Ҳͬˣ˷һЩˡ
ҪһȥҪְҳү᲻֪ԲһȥûҪҵ飬үǲ뿪
νƲܼá
ֻ뿪Щ˻ڣƲ
ԸǴҵĵˡ
ȻԱܰȥ
һҵߣҲѡ
츣ͷǣʾˣȻģȴΪʴ⵽ٹµżˣҲᱻѺôꡣ
ū̫Ůʵĺ󳾣
лƿǱߣҵñ
ƱӋOǰζӣȴһű
ǰôһ˲Ȼ
Ѿܾûˣ붼裬᲻ȥҲ
ʱˡ
ôˣ
ûʲô뵽һЩ顣
תȥ׼ȥ
忴һ츣תСϻС
֮죬ȥ͢Ҫȷ͢ǻŵģȻһŬǰ׷ˡ
͢һֱҲûʲô仯ÿݺݵĿŰƣƿݺݵͷˣܸĽȡʱˡ
ڻص˴ƻصֻȥ˿ӣͰƽ˵˼仰ڳʮðһطｨһլӣ˵Ҫ츣壬ȥǱסˡ
Ժһм򵥣츣ҲסˣһЩˡ
ոջҪȥԼ顣
ţûӰ첻˵飬Ϊܰռƻ£ưһ˳ʼбˡ
Ҫ£Ҫĸ°û˭ţҲǴʱŷ֣ƽˣֻǼ
Ҫƽһ¡ȻƽŮˣչƽҪƽƽǻġ
ƽûټҪ飬˹Ȼǲ֪ġ
ҽܸҽҲܿϵзӥ
ƽţƱ㿴βȥš
β˳ȥСϻС塣
ƽ֪²ŻҲδԣߵһˡ
ǼҶţˣҽȻˣһŵġ
ҽ˼ڻǸˣ¹شһǻرܵĺá
ҽǸˣЩ²Ҫܲġ
˵ˣȻҪֻܶѣҲԡ
ſڴβ֨֨ƿȥʹˡ
ְμиأ˵ûסס棬̫࣬ϾݼƣչʲôҪŶԡ
ÿǰ棬ﱧӋOӋO
ӋOϲƱţĸĵģʶһ˲رʶͳ˸СӣԼҲʲô飬ﰲƾףÿ춼ǰտ˯һ鶼ǰơ
ŰӋOȻСԲͬһ¸һࡣ
ƿѾģҺ˷ܵӋO˶࣬ʰɡ
ипΪӋOºͣĮˣھ⺢ӳ϶ǻÿʵġ
ģˣ˿أȴһᣬҪ˵ء
ӋOö̰ƽţСѾȴڻεš
С̧ǳ
ڣҪ뻢Ϊ飬ҪСϻϡ
ƿƽ봴һɣ
ƴ˻һڳ˶ⰲ֪ǶǼʶˣΪ´С֡
ƼɣЩˣҪɫһƽȽС
ƽ룺Ҫǰ˱һ𣬲⡣
ҪĹģҪ㲻úкӣʱҪһЩģû书Ҳ⵽ѵ׳¡
(δ)

ڰ˰ٰʮ и

ƣ⣬Ҫ֪ôĿģеģо֡
ʲôľ֣Ҫȷܴﵽʲô̶ȡ
ʮĻһ֮ڿһǳء
ô
ˣĵûмɣܾһԾŶҲǾԡ
ҪѵһˣһҪЧңҪܱˡ
ƽӋO뵽⺢ӣ˵û⣬ҪھͰô
ȳһɣʱ㣬㣬ҽҪİȫô
û⡣ҽӦ
ƿӥӥһ£л˵
ǡ
һ£ɵ֣ͽƸ󡣡
ƽ΢΢һ£ֲ
ƽϳһӣҪ˶дϵģҪ±ţҪȥԱϵ飬ҪЩ˲ףǮ٣ƸҪΪķ½İɣֹĿ衣
Ҫķ½ϵǵˡ
ҪΪϣİɡ
ƽ˵ȷʵҪӣһᰲ¡
²ҪүҵҪܽУ㲻Ҫκ˵رǰү
Ȼȥҩϵ飬Ƹƣһⶨһ׷ֻ°¡
ҽҩҲһƸƽƽƹƸҩϵ顣
ܸҽƹҽݣиԪˣ˵ҽ԰й۲죬Ǵ˿ãսǲף㲻ˡ
ܸҽϣǵˣһ㣬ЧҵģǣٴҲˡ
ְסܸҽ˰Ҳˣƽ̵ҲѾģҲ
ƵͷȻȥҽͷӥ£ƽȥҰǿʮɹҪ￴һԺ˳ǵı¡
ƽ֪
ذɣ·Сģ
á
ƽ뿪ȥԺҽ֪Щף˿á
ҽʣʦҪҰæԺ
ʱãӥޣү˵ǱҶӥҪѸ
Ѹ٣
ǰѧ书Ҫ㾫ģΪ˱㣬һὫұѧȫڸ㡣
ҽһ£ŰЩ
ӥҲˡ
ҽ˵ʦˣʦҪʲôֻҪ˺ҶԴӦ
ҡͷǣҲǷģһʱˣܸҽѧһЩҽ쿪ʼ鶼㣬һ˸ֶͽⶾ󷨡
һдһҽѧ䣬ѧУ㡣
ֻҪй򶼴ڸӥҪ࣬Խ
ҽ۷ӥʵ˵ôҪҽѧԡ
ҴӦʦҲżʲô
ûлش𣬷˵ӥҪúѧҪļֻѧ
ӥͷҽлл
˵ǿʼɣҲ˳㿴סԴΪҪ͵ĸǰܴùҽˣӮˡ
ǡ
ӥһȥҽʼ
ҽȥԺ˴
ӥȥڹҽǰȴһ
ƱӋOעˡ
СߵƵ̧ͷƣ˵ܽʲô£ҪúñãһҪһΪС
СһרעԺĴ򶷡
ƽ˰ʮˣʮ˶ˣ¡
Ƽ˼ˣ˼䣬㰲ԺҪԺ滤Ժ
ʮˣƱйҽŷӥȥʮϣɽȥѵ
˰Ҳӵ˰Ϣڴǵ飬ץ˺ҵҪƺ󣬳Ҫ죬նڹ
Ƹ֪߰ˣ˼䰢µ飬ˡ
֮ƱȥϢ
Ǻҵ˵֮գÿ춼ڼƻƸ飬һжᡣ
̵鰲дһŽƽƽſڵȹ壬ҪڼҼ죬⼸ղ棬ɱˣѪ̫ˡ
һãլˣӲûȥ
վһʱת
֮죬˶û棬ȴЩͲסˣһձһպˣȴû취ܼƵ顣
˰ƵλãʹӾ˳լӿھҪȥ
լӣƾ͸һţҲ
˵ĽѾڣΪʬ帯أѾˣƻĻĽϣ̫ܿӡ
֪ĽˣЩˣվſڲȥƽ˰͵㲻ˡ
ѹѹ˰һ٣ĻĽиӣ
(δ)

ڰ˰پʮ ҽĽ

뿪ǰ˰Ƶլ棬Ҳ˳·
Ҫƣ˵ˣ˸˷纮
۲ûģ˵˾ôˡ
ߣҲͣƣҲܾˡ
֣ǲǷ޳ܺˣôֵôأ
Ͼͻ룬ôܺ룬Ǻǿ϶֪ģȻˣһʲôԭ򣬻Ҳصľˡ˴ʱ󸹱㣬ѾٳˣҪҪߣǰεۼ֪ߣǻͣ˵ȥ
Ʋǣ˷ʲô¡
űǡ
ȶķ½Ҳ
ҹ嵽լ˼󱦱󱦱ǶˣҲ֪Ϊʲô׶ؼҡ
󱦱Ժܣ֪棬Ƶģľͽȥˡ
ſڵҪƽǲùܣӺܸ˵ľͽȥˣ˵ƵĻ

ƻһ¿ǻЩﻹһ
ֻðǴȥ֮ǰ׼ˣһ̿Ӹպ˯¡
ӣưӋO£һЦ
ƵĽţɫģƿʱĿһֲˣԹԵ£ĿŰơ
Ź壬촩һɫӣκʱҪÿﻹʵ
ƺͺһᣬүæˣ
š˼˶
ʣûˣ
š
֮û˵һֱȵΧһ
һܳԵĺܣСԶҪ޺ܶ࣬ƵȺǶ˯ˣȥԺ￴壬ȻȥϢһ죬ڵʱԺﲻˡ
Щ˲ģƵģƵͷ˲뿪
û˵Ѿûʲôôˡ
˯ɣˣҲͣתߡ
ת˹ȥŽŹϣסſҪ
Ѿصƣ˴ִѹ
룡弫ٻ˵ֻ
ƱסĲӣǣһжڴ֮䡣
彫˱ȥһߡ
һҹ˿˯˯ǰʰΪʲô츣ȴϻȥ
츣Ȼûˣôȥ
˵ããȥȥ˷׷ţթ̫ࡣ
忴ˣûʹʲô
Щ˾ͻˣҲӵϢ
ż壬򿪿һۣɫ˱仯
֣ôˣ
Ѿӵ˷źҪȥ̳зǻƵۡĮȻŽơ
򿪿ȷʵ۵ױš
ƿ壺үȥɣҾȫʲô֪˭ҲܰôɷӶҪһȥǲȥģү˵
ƾκʶү͸߷ͺá
ѾѰŮˣһֱû֡ҲЩҪˡ
ңֻûҵ
үȥɣ³ѣҲȥ͸ǣбԼңǲȥүˣ
˵᲻֪ˣһŮ˳еЩˣᰴ˵ȥ
ҡͷ̧ڹؿɨɨүһ̲ŸտʼҪǱթүҪ˵ô
Ǳǲÿˣ
⼸Ӧû⣬ֻүһЩ첻ߣЩӣͲˣƷ˰ɡ
밽ǲסƵģҪȻҪһȥһЩ˲״
ŮʧѾˣȥͻῸסˣǲһгҡ
ŮۺĶ޵֮ˣͲ֪ܵңȥˡ
ǵģǲعܣǷ޶ܣƾʲôȥ
үʱҪȥˣҶﻹиô죿
һȥضпܣһ֪ǸŮǾ͵ˡ
ûˣүô֪ΪҪ
忴۰ƣȻˣǱȥʹɡ
򲻺ãңҾͲȥҪͷ˳ô죬Ⱥ˵
šȻǸʲôð취ôҲΪһ취
޶ۣ빬ʥȥˡ
Ҳ취УдһŽˣҪǴȥ
һһȥľǰ£·ӥɽˣ˺ˣǸˡ
ƿӥйҽȻȥлһӽҽЩǸֶһãúÿˣһⶾġ
ҽ޳Ǻöζõģ˼˵Ҫֱ
(δ)

ڰ˰پʮһ κ

ҽ˰ƿӥϢһ£׼׼⼸үҪúðй۲죬ѧϰ
˼ǣӥ
Ȼ϶ǹҽϿˣ㲻ܴҽƽҲǿܵġ
ǣҴҽƽ֣ʵڵĲһȫʦڱȻк֣οҲͽܡӥܴʲô͸
ӋOҲģûϵ֪Ҳ⣬ԺʮˣǸ֣үǸ֣ڰй۲죬ѧϰѧϰ˾ȥɽϰܳԽʮˣ²Ҫκ˵
ӥ˼Ϊʲô
ү
ƿȥ츣˵˻ԸүΪȺŵù̫٣ӥ㣡
ӥͷģһúѧ
š
ҹ٣ȻˣΪ÷ӥ򶷵ĶԺ˼յơ
ӥվ͸һط
չҪţʮסʹʮþȫҲûס壬չš
Ҳ͡
£һ֣ƿһۡ
ǼҪסүҲסģүô׾ͽˣҪúѵС
š
˴˵˼䣬͢飬͢һ棬Ūģÿ춼ȥʣĽݻȥҲжʱˣ֪ˡ
ʱܲˣҽտԺ˿Ƿˣү⼸ҪСˣ
忴ƣô
ţүģҲᣬԺүҪУƽǻԺס˸ǾͿˡ
š
Ϲ뿪Ʊȥӥˣӥڣֻһƣ߰Ѿɽˣ
ӥ͵ƵҰơ
ߵʱ򣬰˿Ƿˣ
ûСӥҲ±֪ߵĺΡ
ţ
ܿĺֻҪϰضԳʮֺ͹ҽֻү·ʽһǿҸүҲһʱˣĦ͸
Ǿǲܸѧˣ㲻صģһڸˡ
š
֮ʮշӥڼϰÿÿնѧϰ
ĳհӥԺվţ˵ӥҽѧҲˣûʩչǹ֣ˣ
ǡ
ӥʮ˴򣬵һˡ
ƷŷӥѧĲռ
ӥ֮򣬴ʮգʮ˴ܣ֪ӥѧˡ
ʮһԸүͻ·֣ǼһҪȫ
ǡ
̴Ӧֻһѩǰܡ
ȴͷӥ׼ֻŹѧĶ
õǹϹȻˣű㱻סֽԣ˶ģİ˼롣
·ӥϳһЩҩϢˡ
忴˽˳Ժһһӳ߽ȥǴ
ֻǱƽʱ˼غϣͰȫˡ
ӥʶãתߣҪȥ׷İƣŰѹ˽ȥ
ʲôˣá
תȥѾĸˣ·Сġ
ƽˣЩŹ֣ҼˣҪѵҿǻ˲˼ģΪҶѷӥ˳ȥƷӥû»ز
ôûӥףȥϴǶ˯ˣϴ˺塣
˺ܺƭһ㣬ͷн䱸
ƹȥ˵ʲô廹һ£ᣬʲôš
ƿŹ壬·ͻȻûü
Ҫ¡תƣſȥ
ҡͷðˣҵĴ󱦱ǳɵӣ㾡ܷģʵڲУ츣ɡ
ţǾ츣
ڶ츣ˡ
˰æȻһЩ
츣˵ǱѾˣȥ
ƿ츣ãء
̫Ů˼ǣ츣Щ⡣
˾֪ˡ
պ󣬷ȻˣſȥͱʮסˣȻЩˣЩ˴
ʼ⣬ʮǺ͹򣬵
ܿͰ˴ˡ
ƴ۷ûСǺͰľأ
塣ߵǰ˸к
ǸʲôҪɱңɫѿü
ɱңҲȥҲʣοлô
̫ŮʵԲ𣬰ʵּ⣬δĻʵۣȥ㲻ʵۣҲҪȥ˭ʵۡ
˵Դ䣬ڰƵУκ˵ĻΪأҲš
(δ)

ڰ˰پʮ ȺΧլ

һ£ҲȥΪǵѹүҪߣҪˣǱǣһûģ
̫Ůֻܻȥ߰ɣСǺͰľڵ㡣סƵתҪߣưӋOӋOܵţŷɫá
ӋOŵˣ壬ҲȥҲһȥҪȥ㵶ҲϣҲǲȥˣԸڴϣҲԽһ߽磬ҡ
ˣ˵ǲʲô
ǽˣ˵
ɫ䣺ٺˣ
Ǻ֣ҪΪʱѾжҲɣ
ʵķ鷴Ĭˣȷʵ㲻ȥҲǰ취ֲˡ
ķ½ôݣҲ̣治ףΪʲôҪһȥĲȫʵۣ硭
ҲǿϣʵۣȥѻλĽͿ뿪ˣ
δذɡƻȥӣҲ˽ȥưӋO£Сһ߿š
˵̫Ů¼޸Ȼи书Σվ˴ƶ֮ء
κ˶Ѵοˡ
罫̫ŮصԴϲˡ
ɫԱˣ˵˵ˣ
£²ǻʼҾģ֪̫Ů¼޵飬֡
ΪʲôҵֵָʾߣƷʡ
ĬƬ̣ǲңҪʱ䣬ѾֵأҪǲȥֻܷˣļλ󽫾Ѿϱ
ΪʲôأΪҪôʹҲ޶ȣûͷô
ҧĻʺԽ֮ŮʺΪȹ£ԸȢŻΪʸ֮ģܣ񽫾Ѿġ
̫ŮǽˣǾҪʱ򡣡
췴οѾɻˣҲһȺ
ãʵϲˡĳǿԽĹȥŮۣǾˡ
С
ʲôεĵˣɱ˲ǵļˣһĺûᡣ
ô˵Щ˾ǽǣ
ҲȫǣʺҲҪˡ
ֻԵĳƬ̣˵Ҳܵô£ǲȥģҪǽҪŪȥǾý
˳Ҹ߽ǣǲҵĶ֣ҲɷĶ֡
κһ˴ùɷҾͺɷ룬ǻȥ޸ǣԸִͬͬ
üʼܵǣʱǲôˣȻҾȻȥˡ
ߵĴæƽ塣
תš
ҲбΪѵʱô
ɫһ任û̫ѿһЦ֪˵ʲô
ţ˾ˡ
߳ţŷ뿪
ӥ
ӥ˵ξ͵ȥ֣˳̽̽ʵ
ƽؿڵĺɰժӥƽģȥأʮˣͶβҵСǺͰľ´ҵĺӣ
ǡ
ӥҹ̣ȥ
˶ˣ츣һ߳˶ˣô죿
£¡
ƻȥ츣ģſڿţҹȻʲôѹѹģٶȺܿ죬۾͵ġ
լӸլӶΧͷֻͷ
Сϻߣƽס£¡
ҩ䣬ŵȥͿԺվǡ
Ϊ׵ֻ;޴˶һֻϻ
ǵ˫ۺŰƴȻתȥֻͷƣûϿ˵Һ棬ҪҸߣҪҲȥȻҲȥ
ǿ˿ߣͷ
ԭҪ뿪Щǣʱ˻ȥſڵϲˡ
Ժȥ
ǰߣƾںš
һ·춼ˡ
ɽϿɽȥһֻǵĲӱһ֧һֻǣͱȴС˺ܶ࣬æſɨ迴ǣλúܲãвͻ
Ҿ㲻Ҫżƾͺ˵һҩóһѵӣ׼ϼ
ڰƵ͹ȥʱſҪҧƣƲû£ֻǿԥһ£뿪ȥһߣȥŪǵĲӣ涼Ѫ
Ƶ͵һˣʼи
(δ)

ڰ˰پʮ 

иѹסһİμϵܵķһۿ˳ƹǵᡣ
ƽγӵһߣҩ۸ϣһѵӣһӣѪǺȥ
ǵҲܿ࣬ƽҪһιǣѾЩ¾ͱҩˡ
ǰ˵û£㲻õģϢһᡣ
˵žͰ۾ˡ
˯һᣬ۾ֻǶûˣڲԶֻɽǰ˵Ķſš
ƵĶůģҲ䣬ҪȻڣᱻ
Ƽǵ˿ڣһ鶼ûˡ
ֻɽŵƵǰһֻǣ԰ɡ
ͷһֻƣƿ˿ɽ·˿ӣڵʱû⣬ɽôԶ
ưѼʼɽˣֻһ·ͣƿڲŵɽ¡
˻𣬰ƿ˼˾ڵϢ߲ˡ
ֻǸڵſţҹŻȥ
ԶԶľ򶷵ǻвҽеߵǰһֻǱӳ
һۣ˹ȥɫһתסצӣסĲӣ˦˳ȥ
һվϵë
ΧʮֻҲΧߵߣסɷ򣬵ĺӲŻǡ
һ۰ƣŷ˹뷨忴ƴһ᣺ô£
ˣȥˣôʹˣƻЩ֡
ô֪Χʲô˰Ҳû˳
Ʋ죺үģ

ǰأ֣û
תΧΧ溰
̧ͷ϶ţмֻ̧ͷҡβ͵Ҫӡ
һЦˡ
ûϢǳˣȥ֡˵Ϳллһǻȥɣ˿ΧţӰҲãԺʲôҪģңҪǲżҹҪżʱǵҪܿˡ
ͷһȺ뿪ˡ
˰ŴһεȥƣȥԺҲûᰢ漴ŰƽȥôҲţ
̫˭ǵİɣһҪȥǡ
ʲôûãǱˣȫôôࡣ
֧רǵģ˿϶ǺܴˣһҪȥС
ʲô˼廹ǲǶɱ
ƽͣ˵ֶôײУɱǣҾǻ£뿴ʲôˡ
û£ȥɡ˵ŴȥϴϴԡѣƲȥӡ
ӋOȱֱ˹ȥڲʺϵߣҲʺϱźӣͲҪˡ
ûЩۣȥž˯ˡ
Ȱ˯ѣѾˣƽʰһ£йȥ׼ȥ
ھ͵ ɽˣ߻Ǻܷ㡣
屧ŰȥףͿԼȥ
˵ɽϾͱǷˣֻΧŰƺ͹壬˵ǵģأ
ֻǵͷܣںţûõڵĵϣ֪վ
ʱ˲񶼿ĳ
ȥֿڵϵǣֻ
ȥûڴɨ˲֪ǳжˡ
óܣȳѪ˾ˡ
ѪڴһЩ豸ġ
ɨ裬ж϶ʲô
ѪҪȥҩʮͬҪҵļҩ
ȥҲҩƺΪѵĿżֻǣЩǿѪģ̫ˣûôѪҲðգϾﻹиӡ
׼Ĳҩ뿪Ҳȥ׼ˣûйʯͷݵĵطһʯͷࡣ
Ū֭Ҳˡ
˲ٲҩһҩţ˵үͦģô죡
¶ˡ
ҲæƺЦǣľǽˡ
šϵĺ̹
æ£ҩ֭ץһЩȥǳԣǵͽӲ󿪰ҩ֭ȥİסܹͣȥ
Ҳ԰æǰеҩ֭ȥȥ¡
վʯͷϣĿصĿŵϵǡ
춼ˣǲ
ȥڰǰһȦ
ƴʱһ£Ӳˡ
ô£أܺǶԻʵǺеʲô֪
(δ)

ڰ˰پʮ Ѱ

ͷһŭĿڷİɣģһûµġ
ת壺үһץˡ
ӲСץʲôˣԵò
Χ뾩ҲӦûзɽ˵飬ʳܳ㣬㹻Ⱥãǲɽʲôץأ
ȥҵ֮ǰ֧ɲǲõĶպͲ϶ܺãһеġ
ϸһۣ˵ӦǾǵĹǹٳġ
ҿҲǡҲǺȻġ
֪֪ӵȥȥҡɡ
̣š
ת֪֪
˵ĺ۾ᡣ
üץߵģʱڿȺȺץһֻɽˣ֮ʹƬĵأʱ۲Щû⵽ͱץˣ˵ߵġ
Ƹ߹壬һȱץǣȫնס
һЩһ¹壬ƿȥү˯һᡣ
˵ԺľͿ˹Ļ屧ŰƣڹĻ˯
ǰȺҽеĻ棬ոջĻ˳ȥѯô¡
ڴʱװס˲ӣɽߣȺȥ׷ýϣˡ
۾үɽȥˣϱߣǾǵķ򡣡
ţ
ͷȺЩġ
İɣץˣͲôȥҡŰɽɽˡ
ɽ£Ҫһ뿪
ûǣƾ͸˵ڸ
˳ΧѰңûҵʲôˣǹҵ˷λڲԶһ䣬ȥǱߡ
ڣƸŽȥ
ﾹǺе֪Ҫȥңƽסңүȥ
ͷ뿪Ƹһֱߵһ˼ңȷ˵طѾԺһȺˣиʮҵˣڵϣѪģϵվڹǰ׺ޱȡ
ԺмʮˣԺӴҲ㹻ġ
ƽԺתһȦտֻܵһ𽻾ǡ
Ȼףһߵ˿ȥһʹͷӴ˳ͷ壬ȴĿ⺮˵ĿŹ塣
壿ʶ塣
ԴǺˣֱ䣡
ߣǺˣŹȳŹȥǹ
ѹ֣죬ԭȻʱĽôǹɽˣΪγ˵ſӿ£
æתһȦţȷ£
ʱǸ״ĺӣ߷߲ƽĶͷ
˵צˣӦץģҲ˱ӣ˲Ŷԣҿ
ҩƿҩˣ׽ȥڰվš
俴ȥ֪ô£
ǺһЦһȺ˵Ϊ䣬ôϵ£
û㣬ҪǲкǣҾͲŹ㡣忴ʣô£˵
صĺУһ˵˵Ҳ֮ǰһֱ޹ϸ𣬾ǰãЩ˾;ȥ鷳ɱǵһЩǣ⼸ˡ
ǲ˵ɱ忴һֱҿǾںţſڡ
һ񣬰ѽ˳ߵһ˵ǰ׼˶ԷԴ
ŭǶҪɱɱ㲻ܹܡ
˵һֱۿڱǺγ
һȥһ˲ҽ
ƻͷֱѾ˳ȥȷʵû뵽ôˣҲû
ָɱֻأ
ҡ˵ڵϿ޺
ƿˣ˵ҪɱɱҾ˵

׼֣һŮܵƵǰ£æ˵˵˵֪
ˣȾҪȥ򣬹һ߿
ȻǽҲǸССĽȻʶѣʲô֮ˣֵط仧
ڵ۵ֱһݺݿŹ壺Ȼʶ˶ңΪ۸СǴԣΪаŮרѹˡ
һ㵣ôô
һ㲻֪
ȻһЦиصģɱ˳ԣ㻹֪
ҧҽվˣҲŹ
(δ)

ڰ˰پʮ Ĳ

ƾ֣жĳޣϷŹǡ
ͷƿǸŮô¡
Ůӿ˵ǵ顣
ԭǸĽھǶǺպģԭȻƹĻ°£Ȼʡ
Ȼ˵ǸҪܺúΪЧҲһ¡
֮һ˼Ϊ̡͢
һ̣һƬӣǱ߾˵жǳûרųˣ·
ҲĻǣƿо
ʱǻȺȺӵһհѹ˳һ뻹֮࣬󻹰ѹһҧ˸Ѫڡ
Ȼвʣ˵ʲôҲˣͷŻƬӣҪȺȫ棬ŭˣ˶ˣ¹һˣҪµȫɱ⡣
Ⱥ鹫˵ȥ֮͸Ϲ˵⵽˵оŻȫû
ºΪ£ϹͲ飬ϳȥˣԶҪ̤ǰ벽ߵĺܲģȻʱڻصȥôȥȻʲˣȻʲˣҲˡ
˼ԽԽأҲԽԽǣرȺ
ȻˣҲܻƣĲ׸
׸֮Ǯƽʱõģ󲿷ֶɱ棬˾ĸɶӣרɱǵġ
Ůӿ˵˴СˣɱǵֶκǶÿΰһֻŪ֮󣬾ͻ̵ֲķʽŪǺܼ춼Ƕ˶֪ɱǣǳˣȴû֪Ϊʲô
ҵǳ⣬ǲԣҵñӴǣԾ͸ӡ
ҴǸĵˣΪԸ⣬ġ
Ůӿţ忴ԭǵǸӱ㻹˵˵˵ķİأΪ˵ȺڵغУȺԭǲ˵ģҲҹֻżץһЩ˵ļΪȺӣ̫٣Բԡ
·˵ǱȺľҲ;棬ҪԵҰζıԭ·ߣȥ
Ҳƿӵ棬棬ȥǰͽ׼ãץտ
ȥûǣĸ˵ҰﲻҪǣ鷳˵ǧˣȺҧҲȫˣοֻǸ¡
˵㣬ֻĻ
һֱңڱҵӡ
һֻܳӣһӣ̳ȥһɱӣ㻹˰ӵƤԡ
񫱾뿪Դǵ⣬ȥ
㿪ʼңڴǷӣҪ㣬㱾ΪʤȯգȴȺһˣֻ˳ӣƿߣǲϷŹ㣬סȥ·Ŵ㻹ǲˡ
㵽˴ļӹǵ׷ǲӵġ
ŽʣµˣԹˮ·뿪ҹƻȥӣȫɱ֮ˡ
ô֪û£ô֪ģš
Ȼ㻹ǵǸô
ǵãҼƻӵʱ֪ôˣ˵űǵˡ
һЦ㵱ƻҪȥԸǵʱǸپ;òԣܵȥˣȺʱҪ˵ģܣһӣȺ׷ܳӡ
ǸպõӣŻӡ
ҪԸٵʱ򣬿ŰһٶֻǾ
ЩΪ˸ж٣ٷˡ
֮£Ǹǵġ
İš
ʱ߰꣬ʸ˵飬رǳȺĶ
ֶͷԣͷֻԭһǱһǱ
ٰ㵱ֵܣԲ
󲻵˼ڸģʧǧ˵˵˵о
ƹһ֮ҪնɱǸپ㣬ܹȥš
Ҿ֪˻ҵĺ£Ҿ֪ҧгݣ޲ץǸ٣ھͰǸٸԻˡ
ҡҡͷĲǸԭϣлڸ֮⣬ϾҪЩǣΪ𣬾Ȼѱ࣬͸飬㲻˼ڸġ
ǹģҪ٣ȡ֮
Ǵ󺰣Ҳڸϻ˺չǻҿ㲻ɱɡ
Ҳд⣬ƵĻҲڿȥҧסĲӣһͷˣԹҲˣ
(δ)

ڰ˰پʮ ʺʥ

ЩɵˣȻǴƣǿ֪
֪֪Щæſͷ
˺ǧٱҴĽʿóӳӣǻø
ǣкǵ飬Ҳǻծˡ
ȻȥɽɱǣҲܡ
һҲ˽ˣǵʬҸطˣµΪֹҲԺúõĹǵӣҪԸ⣬𣬾ͷģɱǡ
վԺЩˣơ
Ҷͷ£Ըһʹô
һƵͷ壺ү߰ɡ
ŸŰ뿪
뿪˴ӣƿѾûˣڿȥûʲôµģ˰ƵҩõҲܿ죡
ǻȥȥ
һֱڰƵȥϣԺ󲻻ˣȥɡ
˼Ȧű뿪תȥ
ˣڹĻ׼Ϣոտȥ峯⿴ȥƿĴɽϣҲǸ򿴣ȺɽϱܣһһߺС
ſڴڣɽϺһˣա
һֱܲˣվɽϹƲ뿪ڣȥš
·ûöãƵ˯һ
صլӣȥһ͢͢ЩҩԣϰƲڣûעʱǾġ
ƣ㲻óѣһ㲻úǶú
óҩ׼͢ҩʱ͢ҧͷһӲˣ
ƵͣڰգעǰĻ棬û𾪣ҩ䵽ϣƮһЩҶӣƿǰĴɽŸոʱһоһһڽҪ飬Ҳȷ
ӵܱʮڳŴͦ
ҳ͢Ҳӵ麯Ҫ۽̫Ů黹
ƻȥʱ򣬹ԺǳߵǰģҲѿʲô顣
֣£
ţˡ
һ£˵ˡ
忴ȥʲôʱ򣿡
֮ǰûȰ˵۲ı飬¾֪ʲô£ʮѹйء
˵ʱԵʱ򣬰Ҳֻʵش
ңҪһȥ˵Ҳȥ˵ǣرǽǣҪҽףҪҼ޸ˣȻҵۺͬΪĻʺԽҲǸĵ顣
Ҿ͸˵ҪȥЩ˭ȢңɷҾͼޣ
˵깬Ѿ⣬Ϊʲôζʮѹˡ
ܵõĻλЩˣһ壬Ҳջ
ֻܵʮˣ˶ãһ̲ô򣬵Ǵ򲻿ɣ
΢΢üүҵңϵ磬ҪʺԸ񣬱Ȼ϶˵һŮˣİݣֵã
䣺ô˵ˣ
ȻңûпĸµŮˣҲûиµǣеı¶Щ˵ˡ
ԡ
ֱסӣϣһսү쿪ʤҲϣ̫ƽҪս÷ҲǾһˣ͢ոҲˣҵӲˡ
סƵ֣סбڣ˭Ҳ᲻ƣһһȫ
үҲҲа취仨ˮүܷģжˣǲԣҪˣȫ𣬱Ȼɨķ½Ϊүƽ£
ȻŰãȨǱҪģֻǲϣΪ⣬ֻҪúűˮɽʹء
Цգҹԣԣ
ã
彫뻳У֪ҪҲ֪Ҫܳģ
ţ
һҹ࣬ˣȫǽ䱸ӵ
ҲһЩƵۡ
˵ǺջˮΪѣȺͬЭʿɱ裬ɴȫҲܰѰƽȥ
ڳһ仰û˵ҲܳĬڴֻƹ˵ƽܣҶûҲˡ
ͦŴӣѵϳ
ҹѾ˵˴£±ñϳ˵ǱϣԼλ˵仰
ʺʥƳȻСȴġ
(δ)

ڰ˰پʮ ۰

ۿˣǵţˡ
£˵յ飬Ů˭ڱǲɵ飬ҲΪЩδ̣ʲôʿ
Ǳǣʿɱ裬Ǳ
ʮѹѹһŮô
ѹǴѹǴǵˡ
֮䣬ñȵ֮䣬ȻɰúϣкֵܣŮãһһŮԽ׼ңڵ顣
ǽһϣ͵һֻ򣬺㿴ҵӣҲڼҵϷӡ
ʣô
񣬱ˣųǾ͸ӵˡ
شҪƶһЩ˶ڣǿԴĺ档
ʮ£ҪҴ
֮ޣ֮
ݵǣ
ϲȥǣԸɽˮȥɷһȺӡ
ʦ
һŮ֮ƺƵ۸Ҵ
Ҵô
ҴˣŮˣŮҲˣ˺ͺӡ
ĹƼѪɺҲĺƺ֮꣬ݵô
˿ۣϣ֪㵣ʲôսƱɰյĻңҴĹǣǷʱһ֣Ҵ޴Ŀˡ
˵֣˶˵ǣľЩѾ˼㣬жӺÿã߹ؽʿǿֵܵסʮ
˶޲ų֮ˣȻҪҲа
ˣҵϱܰȥ
Ҫ޵ĻʺǲҲҪ
˸Ů˱ȻΪ˵Ū֮޲ȥ롣
Ҵܣɱ˶лò
ҪҪѹ·ģޡ̣
ϻʺ˵Ĵвڵĵ
̫µϣʮѹΪֻӣȻӦ˰ͳȥҲҪģǻȻٹ
ֱӴ򣡡
ϣҲŴ򣡡
½£ۿ壺أ
̧Ὣƽǣǳӣӽˣ㳼ˣһ
ãȻҪ޽վͽӡ㣬ּ
ּ˵ҪģҴƶûдҲ衣
Ҫ򣬻ҪƯʤʬʤˣҴʮ˰գÿҪóһƽǧŮһƤҪǳء
ǰˣ޺ͻʺԻн
ּ
˵޻ǧ޵˽Ǯʱ޲ƴ֣ǧõĳġ
ºһʣǽȣƽı֪ġˣǽˡ
سɣ˵İɣ϶ӮȴӮˣʮ˰գ޸ٺ»ǡ
»ƶˡ
ҥҲץסȻƶ
ةǱƶˣϣץƶȥǰ졣
ƶ֪˵ŮةŮֻةѾ˽ͨŮ
ةһֱةŮةҲһ֤ˡ
ƽܺҳУ˱εȷ٣ھѾɣ̻Ӿȥ
ߣȥƣֻǶݻ𣬰ƱĿ͹뿪ˡ
ٱƥһֱԸ뿪ֻվ粽δ
Զۺ߳
ڲ㣬ǾͿһˡһ˵
ƿȥ֪ҲģϣҪıãҪǧһٱ
ôࣿ
е⡣
˵ҹǿԵЩˡ
ŮӲУãҪûеĻȥ
ǧˣ㣬ǧˣûһ򡣡
ǾͲˣ˰ɣѡ
š
˸ȨˣҲΪʲô
޻ȥʣҲΪʲô
ʲô˼ɷ̣һиѵΪ˱ɷ⻹Ҫʣûһۣ￿ţϣû뵽ô
۵ͷŻˣֻǽıģҪҪ޵˶޻ѽɽˣ
ǶûϢúʵۣΪ˱κ˶ǵĺӣݲ۸
һۣ۵ͷ׻ȥ
(δ)

ڰ˰پʮ ΪŮ

뿪Ʊȥ׼ˣƽݣȻǰѺˡ
º󣬱߹Ѿ
Ҳǰ档
鿴ɫûİһۣҲнģ
Ͻֱ֪˵ʲôãŻҪܼ޸壬ǸҲһ飬ӴˮһգҪʲôС
Ҫˣ޲Ҹ˼޳ȥһȥҲûиȢ
˼˧ܣ
˾͸ûȢˡ
嵭Ȼţϣƽǣ
ߣңߵǰƵаô
ҲģϾԷҷ˵Ҳˡ
ûա
ҧס촽̫Ů
š
Ȼ̫ŮЩ˻ţʲô˼Ǹʲôʸʲôȥˣ׵ô
ûףʲôƵûˡ
ûỪ飬ߵɳǰ棬Ľ죬Ƿһս¡
Ҷһ֪ùƳ棬ѶԸľЩӣҪûЩӻ˵Щӣǵǡ
ʣô
ͷ˵˵ʮǰ˵һΣǴǰʹһΰ̡
ҧס촽ȭͷô죿
ʱû취ȵ˵
ĽˣȻһϡ
վڳǽϿһ죬ת˾ʡ
ҲΣŹ壬Բߡ
ʼûпڡ
ϣµĸΪȥȥһٶȫ˹Ƴ棬Ѫģ鿴⻭棬ȥϽסûȥ
˰ѻԳ嶯ûԲ֮ǰȥ
˭֪˳ȥҹӪ
ոյǱ߱㱻˷ˣϵ£ȴԲѡ
صӪѻ£ҽ飬ҽҲ»ˣ˸;ҽ岻ò˷ţȴҲǰ취
һԱ󣬿жﲻϣĽʿֱȭͷ
վڳżѻ䵽ϣ忴ȥѻϰֽټˣ뿪ǳأȥ⡣
ܿǣȥƿȫҩġ
Ѻ˾Ȼ޹͹ҽˡ
ҽдкү
ͷ޹޹󸹱㣬վһ˵ǵ˳˵䣬ҲܼˣҪΪǣˡ
޹תȥ忴ҽҽ˵ЩҩǷƳۣʦ˼Ҫÿ˰ҩĥɷۣһӷϣϹƳˣʦзŸү
ҽŽ壬򿪿
պù˵ȥ飬ˣһλҽ£
ҽȥ˽ƳģҲʮ꣬˻һҲ⣺ǹƳ棬ҪѳȡУС
ҽȣʵô
Ҫ·ؿڿòˣպ˻Ҫܡ
ҲԥˣԲѣֻȥһϽ
ϽһôһĽĿ⡣
Ǹ˾а
үҼҽɡϽˣ˺ðɡ
ҽã˼ҵ·ô濴ǲֱɡ
ҽȥϽϽһҽϲˣ˸ӢʮЩһЩҲУ̫ˡ
˺ð֪ˣ
Ͻʣô
ûСҽʵȴΪʲôôʡ
Ͻͷ˵ʲôֵǮҪĶô
ҽһɫСǸ¶ֵǮûУҪĶһҵ壬ȥ硣
ҷţҪǰŮˣҾͲˣҲһŮĽҴˣ͸ˣıꡣ
ҲûʲôֵǮĶ㿴Բ
ҲҪŰɡҽϡ
ǲУ㲻գأ
ҽΪˣֻ¡
ţҽѯʣΣ
Ҫ⣬ֻҪκã
üеŹ֡
ǰֻùҽȥˡ
ҽβҪ·岻ÿţҽһ˸ơ
ҽʱˣһӣӵˡ
黹ҪϢҽȥˡ
ҽЩڣ˲ﲻ
ı͵棬Ͻڻ߿ʼһ߿һ߳
֣ôˣ
˵Ĳǵطҽ˾òףһżǶˣд˾״
˱仯ʣǲǻˣ
Ͻǳ˳飬Ҫܰ޳ȥҲɰ
(δ)

ڰ˰پʮ ˭

ˣھ淭ȥ˯ţϢ˿ھȻˡ
ҽʣһؿڵˣҿҲÿ
ҽǱϸҩ˵±㳯Żľߣſҽ˵ȥɣ
ҽæˣôأ˸ǰ
ҽˣҽŻ鿴ȥе㵨ӣ
˫۾·ɱ˵ĵӣݺݵĶŹҽȭͷѾսˡ
ҽߵǰһ£Ȳѡ
ɣݺݵ
ҽ˵ҪǲѳȡͻͿա
£Ҳһʱ嶯µҲǿġ
ҲܸҵҪףΪͣҪȢҿô˿
ҽʱЩãȻһ̹ҽôˡ
Ϊųɣеأ
ȸ㿴滹£˵ȾˣҽţҪȥ̣ת·⿪
֪ǲûɾɡ
·⿪˿ѪˣҽеΪ飬˿ڷף˲æȥһߣ˵ʲôҲҶ
ҽ죬ܿ鴦ˡ
˵տ㣬ôȥͰ׷ˣҽǱ߶ûˣ㷴ˡ
ҽݣ·ŪϣЩ֣˿Щס
鷴Ҳ֪ô˵ˣҽ鷳ˡ
㲻عңҲ¡鲻ӣҽתȥ档
£ȥæġ
鿴ˣһơ
ܿս˲³ˣܼҡ
ʿСӣûгӣҲҪ࣬ȴǹʱҪѺܶࡣ
һ죬ûռˡ
ձվڳ¥Ͽ
Ϊ׵Ľ˵ҪõŮӡ
վһᣬ¿ţ
忴ۣûشתˡ
ڶϣˣͷ͹ߵĳϡ
оӪʼ궯˳ŭ𣬽
˿ʶ忴·ʣ
ƽ˵ʶ
ƽܣȥԸסձͻս۲һ
á
ƽȥӭս׼һѹվڳ¥ϹսƽձˣĶԷ겻ס
ƽǺףҪ䲻Դ򡣡
ȥɡҪƽȥĴιѹƽܣƽձˣĶԷɴ಻
ƽһΣתȥĹһжԷüģ˵£ƽܲ뿪
Ա󽫣Ӫҹǳأսһһҹ
ʤûзֳսˡ
żˣôô¡
ϲ˯ȥ
ҽҲ˯飺㲻˯Ҳûãսͺķʱ䡣
ûǴ㶮ʲô
ҽΣˡ
ʱѾҹӪ˶ѾϢˣֻл˯š
߶ֿҽҽҲˣϸҽ˸˵ƣҽ㵽һߣҲװ˯
ƿʣ˽ˣ˹Ľţ׼飬ҽ룬˱㵹˵ϡ
鿴ȥҽ˽˱סҹ̿򣬵˶ûڡ
˴ӳǽȥ˵ˤķǣƽܳսϵԷĳǳ£¾ߡ
սԽԽңÿնڲս
ǿǿ֮£صΪѡ
үڿôȥҾҪְˣһҲѾѹˡ
ţ֪ǿǣ԰ɡҲûգܲˡ
֮һ£һֱڴ򣬴ľĶɢˣϷǱҲʼùϢãʳѰ

յϢӥѾҵصһ
ǰƿ׼õĶ߹ظϣ
һ·ҹ̣һ£ۿʧʱ򣬵˱߹ء
Ʋȥ湬壬һ߷ӥҲѾˡ
ӥ˴ֹأ˵ˣƵʱ򣬷ӥ㵹ڵϣСǺͰľû£Ҳȫˡ
ظ̸ӥΣӥ˯
С˵أ·кܶɱǣǺò׳
֪ˣӽԺǲ뿪ͬͬ⡣ɫЩ䣬СǺͰľĬˣȻСȴףǰǲ
С˵ֻʦлƤ
СǺίСǣֻҪǺúõģһжҪ
ưúСǵˣŹ塣
ʱźһʹˣƴһãڴϣſڽվԲĶӺǿһϣһȥй岻ˣ
(δ)

ھŰ ɱ

Ŀӣ廹Ƚţûĵģ뱾ˣ֪뱾ˣ
촽ûκˣտˣѺǽ츣ƽˡ
ү벻ң
룡ô룡ߵǰѰ§ס
㲻ﺮ䣬ߴ̫ңô죿һĵĺ¡
Ʒҡͷˣ˵ģⳡ̰үһӮģ
ſƣӮ
үıҵȻ֪Ǻķȥ˭ûôġסżǣ屧סΪ
ûˣŹϹ彫˱ȥϡ
һҹ˯ʱΨһһ˯š
˯һᣬˡ
оˣ
ƴ·ҹ͸үһݴ񡣡
˵꽫ñӿϣȥ⡣
ȥ˳¥£һЩ˸¥ߣ棬ƽ˰ϵĶһſж
ˣƽɫĲȥסǣ
ǴڣҸү˵ġĿºͣȴűɱ
忴űͷС˶ٵԲը滹л
ⶫȫô
һ֪ˣүҶЩֻܿšƽ˶ͷ̧֣óһǺ죬˶£׼ӣ׼ˡ
תߣԶĵطȥ
վһ߸ֶŽ鷢
ԶĿ˾룬ӶӣһͲڵһȥһ£Ŀ⿴ȥΧʿѾ궯Ӫжܳȴ쳣ƽ
һڵ䵽оУһըȴ׶ˡ
ֻǰʱͰѵоĳ׶жס
Ӳ󣬹ȥоӪʮ˲ɢɳЩ˸ǱӴܡ
忴ǱߣŰǱȥ
ͣʣ㲻ñŪԼŪ
Ҫ̫˭ôƲΪȻȥǽϿ档
˵ɱô࣬ҪӦġ
˵۸ġȻ
ཫæ񣺡ְȲμ
ƵĿЩһۣ⼸ձڣҶЪŰɣȻ۸үҲܿŲܣǲҪѰ·ôǣҷҴֶŷɥ
˲ֻǺոյĶʲô
˵дڣոչģҪǲʶŪ
һܶӣʵʲô
סƵ֣ҲЪţô󣬺ˣһʱĲˣǹˡ
һɫζĶҩ
һɫİ
忴һۣû˵
ƺ
æưѰɫİ˶ȥ˴ǰֿһڣڿбѵģܿĩ裬ڽС
ֶˮУԽ˻ʹ֫ǲˣҩЧԳ졣
ΪķãǣҾҲҪ⣬һÿ׼һһһӣѵóȥӷŵ棬һʪĲסϲã꣬˾ͻһҪȫ
ҪС
оһţо̣һҪʤ׷׼ȥǡ
ëȻ˶Ҫɱɨǧպضǻ
ֻ
ȥ׼Ʋ뿪
֮죬һǳأ²ʮԱĽ
ƳԱȥǣʣ˭ҪȢȫնףͷװӣʹ
Ҳ֪ʲôʼͷ͵ĻʹѾˣͷ͵ʹʵģ򿪺ӣͷ
ͷ滹һֽֽдţȢ³
ʹĵϣŻһڴ󳼡
ǳ˳飬ã
Żãȴݺݵ˵ߣһӣⲻ֣
˲Ҷԣ˭֪ʲôɫǸⲻ֣ײϵġ
˸һŮǸ鷳
гرҲһ
ʺһϵķ֣һСѾͷͰŵˣ
˻شǲŶٽɱѺĸǰأ
ʺĻԽԽģѵﻹлʺֳʡ
ʺҧҧϣѵͲǻϰô
۳ЩͷһۣȻˣʺԣɡ
˳Ļʺ󳹵ŭˣ
(δ)

ھŰһ ˱

֮ʮ죬ǳأ֮Ѫɺӣ빥ǹʱȫȻͬ˴ι³ǳع˳Ϲ˳֮˲Ůһ
²ʿȫ
ʮѪɫ졣
ԭʮѾᣬҲŵò
ȫȻû뵽ǲսҲûκһᣬʮʮŻڵǳأкֱӿڣһ֮ڹǳأҪȷˣʱķ֪Ҫˡ
ڴע·Ҫ̵ĳǣʱһԲ
ة࣬㿴ҪǺãǲδսͶǳأҷĻʴ㣿
·󳼽ԣ࿴ȥҪǣ򲻹ңǰǺ磬˵Ҫ˴ػʴǱľҪ˴ʱ˵ֻһʼûģǴô
˲ɫʮѿ
ȻʴǵĻʴͲǹĻʴڷʱҲܰŻɽ绢ǵΪǵĶ֣
ǴĻҵŮο֮޲죬ǻͬҪӣƾ۸
סĲǣ˵ʮһҲ顣

·֮˻¹ڻ֪ʲô
˵Ҳû취ԼŰɣȷˣҺͱˡ
⡭
ͣǷܺʹͣ
ţ⼸ҾͲˣʱҲδҵģǿŰɡ
תȥ·֮һŵòᡣ
ֹʮգǳأһ·ʿҲƣϢգϢټ
۽յݱȻǺܸˡ
̫ҲһŵҪǶԵģͬҪ˴ķ½˭棿
˿۾̫Ҳǡ
ô̫ü۶ˣ˵ͷ
Ҳû뵽ɱôˣҿĵɱһֻСܣͻ˵ģΡ
㻹ǲɱЩˣܹķ½İǾͿɱɱô£ôô
ƶ񤣬Ϳ˳ˡ̫ס
ҡͷҲǣǾã
ԥܾ˶⣬ƼˣˣúõģҲûʲô£ʲôֻҪǰͲ°ܾãʱ䲻ƵģҪ뿪ǰȹסأ
˵˻̫һ£̧ͷȥ˵ʲôģʲô£
˿ž̫иоߵʱҵģ˵һЩҪҶౣ塣
һˣҪ㱣岻Ǻô
Ǻҩô
̫ˡ
ʼҲһ˵ôҪԵʲôʱ˵̲Ƕʱյ飬Ҫزû˸ҩģЩǿԹӵģҲû⣬˵Ҳ¾ͻģż˻ûҲˡ
ȥĺ֣аһ˾õ˽ڽڰ˵ģ㲻˵ˣߵʱϺ˵ģһȥضȫʤҪڣǰ
ǰǰ飬˵̰ʹˣȴ׼ҩ
̫һ׹ŶˣҪ°ɣܳʲô£ǿ϶ߣҲŷߣӶߣҲʲô£
º󣬹ľ棬ʮŻͣţֱӿһڣѾǵһĳ˷棬ǳҲ˱ᣬοˡ
ʺˣæȥۣʱڿ㡣
ϣô찡ʺ¿ߣ׶ˣҵĽҲ˷棬ôô׼أʹҵſˡ
ȫ˻ҽˣʺôĸʡ
ʺΣۿŻʺ
ˣǿôʺƣȴҪۡ
ۿһʺ󣺡Ϊǲϵġ
Ȼϣ檿һݣѰƺ͹ɱ˺ˡʺ˵Ҫˣʹ졣
˵ǴҲû취
ϣԸ̸ͣȻǵǽɱˣʺ۾ϵۿŻʺȻһЦ
԰ɡ
ʺסܾòס
ϣʲô˼
ۿȥʺǽ֮С飬ѵ֪Ѿ̸ˣ
ʺһ˲ûѪɫڵϷ
˵ȥʣ˱
(δ)

ھŰ ʱԽԽ

ӵ͵飬˾ӵһߣȥʹҪ£
Ŵ԰ŵʹŵһ£ȥˤ˺üͷվں濴ţӡ
ˣڼ¾ˣ
忴ȥ§סˣĶӣʣһ̥־̫ˣ
ƺЦҲ̫ìˣ
š
ϢҲϢƿһ۷ţ塣
˵ͣ򣬴Ϊֹ
յżһʱҲԭǰƵģǴʲô塣
ֻЦˣЦëȻ
ة࣬㿴Ǻã
ԥƬ̣ûй˰ɣ
ǲΪȻģȴ
ߣ˹£ة࣬ǴˣòĻֽǶд밽ةָ·ɡ
ֻܵŮۺ͵۾ˣҪǲǾһɣ
Ҫͷܿ촫ǵ죬׼֮ʣĲŴѾеķջ
ĴӾǳŷǰƲųյĶӣ˿
Ҳ˵ɫɽӣЩݵӾôѣ
˵ʣ
ӦýĸŻȻ䵭
岻ΪȻѾսҪģΪ¶ûݿԣϾַҴʱҲûʲô棡
帺ֶȻȴ
˼߿š
ĶŮ㲻ⶼûУΪףŮ⡣
˾ǲܱ۸۸˾ˡ
ȻˣĴˣ
ѲɻǶԵˣҴˮˮʮѹűǣʮ֪ӣˣࣿ
ϢˣͿ̿飬־ڱŮˣ֪ĸҪҪȢ
˵ĹͼޣɱǣɱɾΪֹ
տģεǴҲ˶ɱˣս죬ǽп಻ϣ㻹
ǰ˵ҲĬˡ
ǲ˵տ۰ƣʣ㿴أ
һƿӣ£̧˻ȥ
˵žҪ£տƣƲδΧҲڿǡ
ǹ˵ǳأʮ곯⳥Ҿٱⶨͬ⣬Ҿ˳ȥǡ
ѾסģԭҲӡ
˵ã
忴һۣתȥˣ
һǳأڶձǩԺ顣
۶ڴ¸⣬ʺҲ±ժ˷ڡ
ԺõƿһۣʮڲҪˡ
˿Ŵȥ
ǳض˵Ǽĳ裬Ҳڴرǻʺһ壬ֻʣ˻ʺ
˰µʱ䣬档
ĺͷ죬˼棬Ķգһǳظ˴İͼ״
Ϊʮǣ˴ֺ;ӣǳذʮˡ
ǰѾԻ˳ף㡣ĵ˱Ƹ壬岢δ
Ⱦơ嵽˱ˮˮһڡ
ĵһЦȡ֮


˶ӣղһЦĻ˵
һߣḧŶӡ
˵ȨʵͲҪˣλҲпޣǸϲڡ
ദ˼գƱŹ˻ȥˣóǳرϾ壬ùƣûϻȥƶ˳ǳ顣
ߣŮͨ飬Ӳܼ޸ŮӣֻǷŮӼ޸ӣЩŮӣڼҿĸȨûŮб顣
ӣԶǴ񣬶ҲĸգŮӿũ֯ɻøκ񣬸ܲξ
ӷóǳ뿪Ѿһºٵȥһ¡
⼸Ҳֻһε顣
⼸ԽԽأ˯μǰ飬֪ʱԽԽˡ
ơţߵķ׵硣
̧ͷѾˣͷ˰һڣﻹˣƵһ죺ô£˵Ҫˡ
Ѿ׵վͿɶȥˡһֱæ̰ڣҪŻصľǣƵȻҲ֪Ƽ飬Ͼжʮձǳˣ˼᲻
(δ)

ھŰ ҽ

ҲôˣȷŮװģүƽŮӽףҲŮӳ̵飬ϲǴʽֻļ˲Ը˳Ӿˣǻ˳ġ
ɱ̫ˣǲˣպǻкܴ鷳Ȼʮڴ˴Ҳܱ֤ܰݣ༸ҲҪ
İɣƽڴ˴ϱѡļλĹ٣Ѿúˡ
үҪǾÿԣǾͿ԰ɣү˵ǴŮͨ飬ȴֻ׼ŮӼ޸ӣЩˡ
ǵŮӶ޸˴ӣǲҪˣӾ˻ıƶڹƶЩ˹ӵΡ
忴۰ƣֻƶΣô֪
˵ֻȰ䲼ȥˣֵԣ
ʵҲ׸Ͼ壬ǷҪȢϱĻټҹֻ˺ӣҪĸա
ƳƵĿ۹壺ǳأﻹдŮӣֻ¶ǵŮӣЩŮӶҪ޸ǵӣҲûط׸ȥ
һжʱģһڣڵģǶ޸ԼˣƻֻϣܾںϽȥûи￼ȡ˵ſߣǴǲǾȢϱˣ
ү׸Ը⣿
ҪǱԸ⡣
ƿŹ壬˵ĻҲ˵ʲôֻǿ
Ϣڶһ׼شˣ뿪ǰˡ
ʼղ̫ƵһҲ˵һ㣬Ѿ͹ҽˣҽԭûȥҪȥϾҽҽıʲôҪ
ιҽߣŻ顣
ܷҪĶѡһˣ˿жҪ
ƿĳҽѻ鿴ĺҪ
ճԷҽڻߣϸвˡ
ԹƳȥЩ΢΢
߲ѩʼǲ²֣ҲЩǴ䡣
ҽתһۣû顣
£
ʦҽʱЩΣߵƵͣ¡
˵ɣʲô¡
֮ǰ˹ƶҰѹƳȡһ̺ۣѾԹܶ෽ܰѰ̺ȥЩªҲ߷ϵĲãԴ˾ܾ˳׵飬ʦҡ
ŤͷŹҽҲʮˣһʮʮСѾͷǱϹϾҲҽƷˡ
ʣǰ̺ۺܳô
ҽƬ̣ŮӶȷʵÿʱǳҵƴ󣬶棬ֻһСӣˣȽסϵ»һӣƳ̣ԭȿǲȷʵѿһ򼡣
ҵǲ⣬ֻ⡣
ҿתŹҽȥ飬﷢ƺ͹ҽվ
ôˣζû뵽ϲҽ̸ۼޡ
ˣҲ֪Ǻá
ƽ£ҽ˵ؿһܳªİ̺ۣҸ㿴
Ҫ졣ûһ۹ҽҽͷҶˣèӣѰƶЦˡ
˵һ㣬һ£һүҪˡ
ҲǸˣߵƵǰҪ·ˣ΢΢һ£վһߵĹҽ
ţҽܲģǸˡ
ˣҸͳˣ¡
ɿ°ָ˰ƣ㻹ıô
˿ڶܿ
ҵı´ˣ㲻
ɨ裬Ƽɿˡ
ӣҽһС롣
ҽ֣Ҫʲô
ʽģҽС£һѪ
æư˰֣ʾⲻùܡ
ܿһѪˣЩˣи岻֮ǰһѪѾǼˡ
ȥư飬۷ֱŰơ
ҲẦ㣬˾֪ˡ
ҡͷҲȡ
㲻ȣܿͻ̣ͻ˷ˣ˷˾ûˡ
ҽ϶룬ߵǰָ̧ѨƢҽ֪ģðƵİ׷ѡ
Źҽгɱ
ҽѪȥûϽ⿪Ѩ˵·
(δ)

ھŰ ع

ҽϰˣ鿴ٴˣûԥ⿪˻·ؿ̺Ѿʧˣҽ㵵ĿŰƣǳ͸ǵĴɣ˶ӣŶˡ
תҽ˵˵ģү˼պ˺ҪĸյģҪ׸еģΪ˸ҿίһЩɡ
˵Ѿ˳ȥҽ⿪Ѩһţ¤·˳ȥ
ƻȥʰ˹ȥ
㲻ңе޴룬ȥʰƣƺЦĿһۻ顣
㵽ڻΪϲŮˣ
죺ҲϲŮˣϲС
ǰСǸΣҽġƴȤ鿴ſڵĹҽ
ȥ
ҽתȥ˵𻰡
ʰʲôʱ˺ܾãҪ˺ûʲôµĻҾǣүżȥڼӣǲܲμĻ񣬲ģȥһ˵ΪǴͻģҾû϶ȷһǺӵģǿǱá
ǵȻģҪҾͻȥҲɡ
û˸ңЦҲ硣
׼ˣæ
Ҳˣ͹ҽ˰֣뿪
Զ˹ҽʣΪʲôѪβ
һ£Ҳǵˣˡ
ҽɫ΢΢סûʾûʰɣԺҲҪǵ£Ҫκ£ʦңܺ
š
˼죬ҹ￪ʼԽԽ䣬ԽԽˣ;˱ѩ
;ͣ£סվס˼죬ԽԽˣƵҲԽԽࡣ
ôˣ˯ŰţҲˡ
үǻȥɣܵˡ´·ˡ
Ҳ̴·ȥҹ·
Ʊ屧ڻ̧ͷ׹壺үμĽˣˣ˵ô
崹ǿûãΪûõĺܣҪϱĺȡ
˼ҿûĺȣˣҴˣ͢ˣ֮ҾμĽݣҾ֪ʱղˡ
˵ⲻǺúõģѾϵ˰أľ޺ܿͻվͻᵽˡ
ǰ׵ģӻ쿪ʼ˯̤ʵƷ۾ʲôʱ֪˯ȥ¡
ţҪҰסأЩƲ˵ǲ˵ûˡ
հƵ֣ģ뿪ġ
ͷһ°ƣŰƲԸƶ˵һ仰᲻ò˵ûᡣ
үԺһҪеĳ谮СƣǷģǶãһزġ
ҧҧҪǱãƵô
ţ棡
ţšŲˡ
Ʊ۾ѹַŵϣү˼˵ŮǸǰˣ˵ǲϲСƣ˵ģ
建Űƣϲ
ҪûҪСƵô᲻ϲ
ᣡ

Ƕ˶˯˹ȥ
彫ӸǺãһ棬۾
˸Σμ˯ˣȥʲôطȻˡ
ڶ˴ѩǰѾûдѩˣͷŰƣƣǿ쵽ˡ
ƿڹĻһҲûκηӦһ£ŰַŵƵıϣ̽һ£кģаƣȴôûӦҲȺġ
ͷ󿪰Ƶȥҧһڰơ
ѪӣڣƸûӦһҪϿˡ
սֱַۣŵƵĶϣǺܿ͵ˡ
ӥʣүǰô
ˣߡ
ӥЩԣԥ˺ܾãȥƿӿһۣ̰ӷˡ
ӥ̷Ը·Ҳͣ£һҪϵǡ
ӥ֮ǰĻ;зʲô飬ʲôҪʣϸϻȥӥʮˣӴֻܹ֮İȫѰ·顣
ӥһܿɣٸ·
һ·ûͣҲûڣû¹һжڷӥָ£ÿιطӥȥһ۹壬ʼûй仯Ҳһֱ˫۷š
ڵڶ֮ǰ˴ǣżˣоȻз顣
վСǺͰľغľ޶װĴ磬վš
ӥ˵үˣ˵ǡ
ﴫǣظ
ӥ̸ǣؼ˷׷һǡ
֪ǳˣſ屧ǰ̼飬ƻϢѾûӦˡ
ˣѯʡ
졣
Ƚȥ
ľ޵˼æţƱԺ
(δ)

ھŰ 

£̴˰ɫ·ߵǰ⿪ϵ·˫ְڶ׼
ľȥ
ľ׼ˣתԸ£԰æ
̿۹壺ȳȥ
ߣŰƵ֣ҲȥһֱŰơ
ؿߣһ£ӦѾ˹ȥ
ľޣŪһȥľհ졣
ó
ڽӵ֮ǰѾдţҪΪĹ̡
رҲֻ֪û
Ϊ˰ƣʱ䣬ŰƸĲӸ
Ĺ춼һģġ
ȡһ
̷ϣϵʱ򣬰Ƶ忪ʼã˳˿ڿʼĸãŵˡ
ľޣ죬ѹŪѡľæó룬ڹϣһƿľޣľײϣײˣ
ľ䵽һѪ
忴ƣ°Ѿʼãϵʬ߾ͺĽʱһ
ơȥҪץסƣôץûá
ҲѾ֪룬Ѿˣȫʬߣ忪ʼٸãϵһ١
ˤһϣȥסƣѾãܿͲӡ
ݶˣܽͿһ߷Ÿ첼ŵĺӣͣĿޡ
屧Űŭ𣺡
۰ƣӣñӸס̳ȥˡ
ƽߵſڣΣһ¾ûӦˣվվž͵ȥ
ްˣܿǶˡ
˵Ѳˣ˵ˣ˵Ǳ˺ˡ
ɥŽգκ˶һСŮ޺ƽˡ
ϻʺԵޣɱŲ
۾ǰ飬˶ֿ̧֣֣
Χ˿Χǰɫġ
˴ǵ̺ŽţΣӻԣӡ
ߵǰһʮŮˣŰɫһ˯£̷װ׾
ƿΧصǰԭӣ
ȥһſڣ˳ȥ
ǰһξһʵ
֪ˣû뵽һжص˴ǰ˸Σˣʲôûˡ
ڿͣһ£иɳվţıӰĽݣͷ̣ܶǺ䣬ںڵģܺڵģ
ϴŰɫıģǹףһһѡ
һĽ߹ȥͣˡ
̹١ƿڣĽתһֱ۴ɳϣһĮ
˶ӣĽüˣ
촽ô
ҼҡĽݻشתȥ
֣Ҳʵ𣿡
绰ңȥ㣬ôˣ
ôģƼʣĽݼش
ȥʱѾˣʵ淭ץҪŻ𣬲ˣץʲôˣԵ˯죿
һ£ԥ˰죺ҲǴԽô
ƲЩξ
ĽݺЦ㿴С˵ǲǿˣ
ƿʱ䣬ǽϵʱ䣬˹ȥȷ19ô
ǲȻأ
ĽȥԺ档
ƿſڣ˳ȥ
ſһ˫Ь֮ǰʵ洩˫
ǱըˣЬҲûС
νͣ
Ľסıɽ棬̫ףֻԼĳʱϵѡ
ұΧ˿豸ȽҲΪİȫ
ԣסĸ֡
ƹŽţߵ棬ǲƺͺשЩӲƵͷһ̧ۣͷĽݣ̹٣ȥʵҿ
⼸첻УץиҪôȥ
ƿ⣺Сأ
ǶڻǱߣָһʱ䣬Ҹ˵飬Լȥ
һʵ顣˵
ǸʵǺŪ˵ģΪϵͳᰲװ˵棬˿ܣǻˣĽתĿŰơ
˳˵ɡ
Ľס˫ֿϣΪְҵԣϰ
ƵļҪʱ򣬾ͻڳԵĶ
㿪ЦôĽɫ䡣
ҲǿЦƺ֣ء
ɲ㣬ҪҪ߾ߣڳ˶ָ㣬ȥʵѾˣ㻹˳Ǹʵ飬±ӰɡĽݻȥ棬תһۣԺһᣬߵſִоܿԶˡ
ת¥Ľڴ绰Ҳڿ
(δ)

ھŰ Ϊʲô

صĽߵ档
Ľóľˣ⡣
㻹ʲôĽݱŰʡ
Ҳתȥӻǰ򿪵ӻҵڲոȥʱ
ʱ19Ǹʱȫûиı䣬ڶһġ
Ʒŵӻǲǻ֢
Ľݶһ⡣
¸˰һ룬⣬ֵţһиȥһһ룬Ʒŵ
ƿһۣҲ
ҲҪԣ԰ɡ
ĽݿʼƳԲ£ȥš
˯һμͷ׷ͤѩҲ䣬վŷӥӥһá
˯ѿ˿ʱ䣬죬ķ
ȥڿ춼ˡ
·Ьӣ뿪ȥ¥¡
ŰߵſڣóĵӣҪȥն֣ʹ˽Ųϲ˯ȥ
תĽѾߵǰôشĻ߽̌̾ҪƿĽݣ̹٣ҿɲܣֻʵ顣
Ľݴ̣绰ʱҾ˵ˣϲ㣬Ȣ㣬̸Ѱɡ
ҪûҪʶôˣǾֱӽ飬ҲУ
죬˵̹٣ҽˣˣ
Ľݲ죺˵ʲô϶ʲôʱˣ
ʲôʱ̹ʵ֪Ȼ֪ô£ɷһкӡתҪߣĽѰƱĽݽת˿ϣͷȥҡͷĽ̵ס
˶һᣬưĽ뿪ŰƣŭɶҲϲ㣡
ƿĽݣתζ˿һ߻ζһŭ𣺡Ҫȥģ
Ѿˣܸоںʹ࣬ʹҪҪˣ
ĽסƵֱӵһߣ˶ӣҹкֻԱһ׺ݵŭӶԷ˭Ҳá
תһߵ˿ܹȥٶȾˣһֱ˿ϣڻȥ
Ľݿ׷ϣһȥȰƿܶ࣬ϷȥˣĽץסӵϡ
ˤĽų죬
Ľ˶ӣĺִҲڵ£ֻ֪Ұ뿪
Ľҧҿ
ƿȥΪģ㲻ǡ
߲ˣת˱
Ľݻص¥ϣţǺú˵˵Ǵ绰
ƿһſڣ۾Ϣ
ĽݵһᣬŻȥԼķ䡣
ڶĽϾͰѰƽˣѷºҽƣת¥
Ϊ뿪ƴ¥ϸȥ
Ľݵĳ˳һ뿪
εǺΣգҪɽ׷ӷҶԷǹ֮ͽҲס
ĽɽһֱŰƣƲԸţƶ£Ľݣʱ̹۲ΧĶɽʼıô뿪
ԱˣҲû⣬Ƚȥ˶ˡ
̶¼ȣǱס
ĽݿƣʲôԵģΪʲô㣿
ƳĬˣ
˵갲ƾȥ˱𴦣ɽϵĿܺãҪ
Զ˿˹ȥƾòԣ̹٣棡
ȥĽ̳Ű˵Ǳ׷˹ȥƿȥ˹ȥ׷˼ʮףĽͣˡ
ƿŶ棬ӦþΧ
ĽݿһΧǰң
ĽݳǰߣƸ˹ȥоԷͲͨˡ
Ľߵ棬˾ûˣҪĽĽݴ˸ƺˡ
ͣ£Сĵ㣡
ĽǰߣʮȻͣ£ˣ˲䵹ڵϣһ˲佫ȥ
Ƹ뿿һˣתѾѵ˳
תһ£ǰһʧˡ
ƿȥ׷˹ȥ
ĽݱţҲòԾƣ
Ѿ׷Զˣ׷һطŵһˤһӣǰվһˣԷŰƣЩãȻ
Ҳסˣү
עŰƣһ۱ϳŮˣԷӣŰƴ˹ȥƷӦһ£һ߹ȥŮ˳ȥ
㵽˹̧ͷĺ붼һ
ϵŮ俴Ź壺Ҫң
忴
ŮҧͲ»ȥҸɱ㣿
óӣעŮˣŮԥһ£תߣһ˹ĵӳȥŮӴ˸սڵˡ
תŰƣû˵ֻü˫סΪʲô
(δ)

ھŰ ղ

֪˭
Ʋ⣺㲻ϵˣ
Ŀ䣬עŰƵƿ˿ΧŹߣ뿪ﱻǷֻ¡
Ź尲˺Զɽ߹һֱ
˵ɽ£˳뿪
ڳһֱƣЦʲô
תű𴦡
˺Զ˳ȥĵط
εĵطϣסƵ֣ƲȷӦѾסƵ졣
ƶƿˡ
У
һѽƱסͷȥţѹƿ棬廹뿿̰סؿڣƹȥֽ⿪·ͷŰƵ֣ƽ⿪·嶼¶ˡ
ǰҪǰƣƿ壺ҿ˵
ſ֣ƳϿתȥ
屳ŰƣƺȻĬˡ
ת׹ȥûܾ̰ѰƵ·ˡ

Ӵ˯ѣƿߣѾˡ
Ҳûҵ塣
ͤۿŶ棬ӥ֣˯ˣ
££ϵãվתͤߣϵѩһء
ӥ˵үǽս
ͷһۣ˷䡣
ص£忴ϣ⿪ϵȥǳء
ˮ۾ӥվһߣү
ոμˣȥ
޲ӥһ᣺Ѿˣү
ûֻµˣȥɡ
ӥתȥʵΪأҲûסֻܻ𻯣ʣµһѻҲˡ
Ҳˣ
ӥվ⣬뵽ƾЩɬ
úõľôûˣ
ѾһˣǾãһ
ǳĻ桭
뿪ҲЩãȻô£
صʵңȥʵǱѾԭʵң׼ȥͿĽݴһ
ƿĽݣĽʣҪȥ
ҵûȥͷˣȫˣ
ĽһЦң
һֱ㣬ֻҼǵͷ׷ģô
ڵ壬ʵһ¸˻Ҳһ壬һʱѾˣʣһܳסң
ƿ˿Χǣ
רΪƭ׼ġ
Ʋ֪˵ʲôת˸ط¡
̹٣һҪߡ
ôߣû´ǱߣѾʬˣȻôһ㣬ʧܵģֻиˣȴûκε˼άҲ꣬Ϊˡ
Ҵ֮˵ģǿռ䡣ƿĽݣĽ¡
ô죬Ѿûпˡ
㲻ȥôƿĽݣĽݳĬˡ
һСʱʵߣһɹġ
Ľݸȥʵңƽźʼ˳͢
͢ʲôʱģ
ʱҸոո죬ҵʱѾڵˡ
Ķ֣ǻģ
Ҳô˵Ҳֻ屣̫ˣҲѾҵˣȡʱ䣬Ҳ̫ˣҸպþлᣬҾɱȷԶٳˡĽ˵ʱ򻹴Ȥƿһۡ
̹٣֪϶ҹȥˣٹҵжҾ޺֮ˣԺҲٻ
ĽݳĬһ᣺ʵҲ㣬ⱲӶȥ֪ô
һоһߵͷǡ
أĽתжϵǹӣ˫ֽһ
ƿĽݣ˵
ȥһУҽ飬һֻġ
ƿĽԵòͷ̹ҲϴСˣ˼ʮˣôôɣˣô
ĿˡĽ档
һãҴӦһȥ
ϻ񡣡Ľ뿪ȥʵҵĴóɴȥ
ƿŷ׼
׼޸ҵģû뵽ҪߡĽݽ⿪㻻ϣתȥһ߻˻ɴȰƳĽѾװˡ
߳Ľһӳߵǰϥ£޸ң
ָϣʼɡ
ĽȻԤϵˣɻ̲סʧ䡣
ΪԷһУ㻹һһ˵ãʮ궼ȥˣĽݵȥʼǰơ
㵽˴ʱ
ƿԵ֣ҺԵ޷֣Եз֡
ŻɴǱߣƿ˽ȥ
ҪʹҪȥƱ۾档
ĽߵǰͲҺ㣡һȥѾأ
ôһ㣡ƤûĽݵͷһ°Ƶ촽ۿĽݡ
Ǳ꣬ߣһΪҸݣȥ
ûлشϣĽȥһߣ˼ʼٿء
Ƹо˽Ļ˯˹ȥ֪ܿͻήˡ
ǰããһƬʲôˡ
ʱЩãȻڶ˵Ǻ塣
˲֪ʼ˯˯ѹȻ˯
Ҳ֪˶ãƿʼͷʹͷҪѿһۣǰĻǽ
۾˺£Ǹʴ
(δ)

ھŰ Ľڶ

Ѿһˣ۾ܿպˣΪӵ飬ġ
ÿζ䣬ڷյǰԶ䡣
˵иʲôأһ߸Ű˿۵Сһѯʡ
һߣŰϸС֡
ưɣƿɺã뵽ǸŮǱ񻹽ܲˣһŭ֮°ѴΪƽأȥǸѾͷ׷˵ΪŮŻѲ˵ʲô
ʣһˣҪŮҵϣ
˭ΣοôһӣҶˣָôǵİɡ
ıƣƣϣǸơ
εı۾ипǧɱǧĽݣţǧҪȻͲ졣
˴˸磬оһ£ͷ΢΢¡СЩֻ꣬Ůվ
ǺͿô
ˣ̫ĹءִӦ˳̫ȥ
ƽˣһӡ
˽ƽ˸ӣȥѺӱ˻СƣЦЦСûûأ
ƽ˵պûп֣Ҳš
šΧۣӶڣȥݼ̫󣬸˵𻰡
С壬˵ûǵܵأ
С忴ۣ΢΢ü
֣ôˣ
ǵܵܡ
ô˵ţҽҲô˵ġ
Сúõģ˵ĸǻء
ƽǵģ֪ǲˣСҲһߡ
ȥ·СĬصȥԺ档
Ŵ򿪣С忴ͷ׷ӣ˽ȥ

建̧ͷĿ񣺡š
Ǹ̹٣ˡ
Ѿ¶ûв۾ȾһĨâ忴Ŷӣ˵
С˵Ķ

ŷӦô
Сת뿪
ڣѾˣľȥЪˡ
ԴӰˣûѾ׷Բԣսѹ˶ŻˣرǺ壬ŵùˡ
徶ֱȥĵſۣ˵Ҫɱˣ
Ѿûˣ뵽ƵҲʹϧϾһˡ
˵ֻҪˣС޻ǿԴӦɱһ˵ġ
Ϊ˵ܵܣҲǻȥˣһ֪ûȥСƿϾĵ˰ƣҲ⣬Ҫ£ҲǸСⲻ
˵СƣСǱİŮôã
ü˵ĸһҲ׵ˣÿձŹ飬ϳҪŵģôûţ
۴ʱҲ˼ƽЩֻǿʣҪɱ˭
ʺĻӡһŵ۲ˤ
壬޿û㣡
忴һߵĳŵתܣһַſڵ۵죬˿ѪȻûҲҪˡ
ֱҧˣǻϣǲҪı
ıĽҡ
һ£˵ȥ̫ҽԺ
ŵԴ죬Ҳ֪ʲô飬žˡ
ˣʣô£
С˵ʺĽݡ

Բţ˻ṬŵСӵĻҲȫţСȻǸĺӣ˵޻ЩŵģҲҪš
š˵깬ߣ۸˳ȥͿһһӰĵǰһ·򵽷ǹ̫
̫Ѿǻ̫ˣ˵Ҫ֣æȥ̫󣬼治˵̫˵ٷϻߣ
̫˷ǹԺվţŹۣճˣʱվԺΧסˡ
Ϊ˱ʹԼĽȫƬˣЩȫġ
޲ϻշҪɱ޵Ļʶ޾͸û꣬ҪǻԾ뿪Ȼ޽վӣ
ҪӣҪ峯߹ȥһ£Χȫ֣ʱʮ֣Ϸӥ˲Ժڣס˹塣
һ£ߵķӥ
ӥһ۹壺ǰǣҪǱү˵Ҫүһȵ
ӥҲû취ģҪô˵ջסˣҲ
(δ)

ھŰ ʮ֮

˵岻š
үӥƭ㣿ɼǵʮ£ÿȥҪ⼸˹У
š
Ҫڰй۲죬ѧϰǵʽΪܴùү˵ùүܱү˵պŲˣŹӥ
˵ҪүѰҲһҪסˡ
ӥƭү
忴ۣȻˣţֻǱܷ
ŭˣӣ޹ȥȻͬһɱ
˲ˣ˵ҪɱҶΪҪֹ磿
Ŀ䣬δ˵
˰˰֣ȥɣˣ˲ɾĶӥҲȥɣбڣڣƻδỤģǻϣҲ˺
Ϊ˴ǧҵŻĲΪ˴İŻˡ
ݶ´ǣϺͱҲǣȥҲǡ
ӥߣ˿ۣ˵ȥɡ
ȥɻˣ˵涪ˣɡ
תȥ˷ǹֵĿ۹壬˽ȥȰѹ
˵ǲ£ŽŵĹһͷȫˣ̲סۣҲ˲˵
վδ˲˵˵һ㲻ɱҵĻʶϾ壬ɱ˻ֶݣڶ⺢ӵĽݵĻɱպҲˣ³һȥƣҲһһ֪ɱĽݻأ
עˣպɱ
ʮҲܣҶɱԿ㣬أ
ĽΪʲôʱΪʲô
Щǣûлش
ΪҪˣ˵ѾˣȻҪǰѵҪϰʮһ
㡭˹ͣһ¡
ʱ䣺˵
ĽʱҲʱ࣬˵ĻѾʮ˰ɣҪûǴʮ˰ɣ
˴˻һüͷ˶۵׸ˡ
˵ƴʱѾˣС̫࣬㶼ˣ˵
ĽݡҧҧɱڵĿ˵ĶӣȴΪȻǽ֮󣬿Ľݻôĵ
˵Ľһ԰ҵƣҡҲûз緶ҪպҵƣٴӮƵĻģǲ˵Ľô
ЦʺȻ˼ݣס˱
忴˵Ķӣ˹ȥҪסϣɱǵĻʶģѻʶһûʵۣȻڹеģʶȢܶġ
ͣ£ûȢܶĻڹ￪֦ɢҶġ
ۿŹ壬ģܣҪһա
ûһۣ˵˵û
忴ȥߣ
תȥ
̫ʱ򣬸պÿ壬Ҳ񣬿ȥ
̫󿴵ͷ׷ĹҲŻˣͷȫ˰
صչգպԡ´ȥ˽
ƽ˵ȥڣҪɱ˻ʺ˽ˡ
ϵСѽѽģƽһ˻סæȥ֪ͨ
պõס˹壺ʲô
ŮûˣֻػŮˡ
ôҲù˺Ů
˵Сƻȥ
ţˣСȥɣ˱ͻȥˣοһ˲չˣƽչˡ
չˣĺӣҲӻȥ˵깬ѾٷϻӲҪȥ
ã˴
ιĹʤǰѰ˳ȥѾţҰС˹ȥ
ƽóȥ̹壬Сһˣһˡ
Ȼ´ĺӣȴ޵Ĳѡ
ƽˣĵ£忴ƽСƣҪޣۣһͺá
Сίĳ˳ӣյĿŹ壬彫Сϣתȥ棬ƽҲɵˡ
˵Сǣżܵûȥ
˵ˣƽŰʣôǣ
ѧ˰ɣʰʰȥ̷Ըƽ˲ʰ·Ӿ͸ȥ
صܸҽ԰ѡĸ֣ĸѾͷԺרűСơ
һ׼ã˳ȥѰռʦһѰһٶˣѡʮˣҪռƵķλ
ʮ˶ռ˵ǱʲôסˣռĽҲһͬǱסˡ
棬Сȥ档
ϧѾˣŮǸط죬뿪ŮӸҪ˱ҪȥŮӣȥµĻ
֮ʮ꣬Ůӣûҵ
(δ)

ھŰһʮ С֮

ʮ꣬ǿĽһյĳ󣬴ѽѧʶ֣Ѿʮꡣ
Ľʣ̫ӣ
ÿոѧϰգѧ֡
ƿͬѧÿձȻƿ򣬻ػίȥҪͻʺ˵
ʺĸΣû̵ܽĺӾǲҲ˵Σŵ˲ãһλ˵ƿǴ˵ģϲͱ֡
ҲΣиŵĵǰԵ
ƿϲˣרŴ̫ӣܽΣ
̫кܴŮ
ԿǳԿ˲ٵġ
ٰۣͬͬ˻ᣬʾķ½ʢ
ԭķ½ĸĹңǹʮһƹ
ƹĵǰǻƵ۵ģڴ֮ǰһֱԾӡ
˴ףͬǰĻĽͿǻˡ
ǹǾİϱǰسҲԸǹܿҪˡ
uҲǰ̽ˣŻԵ
˴ǰ֮ʼδ˵ǰǰѾǳеس
ӴҪµˣǱˣǿľ
ľѾĿˡ
ð£Сĸ֣æ
Сǳ룬ŰɫɴʮСǾӹĻɴκ˲ժժɱ⡣
ڴǣ˲֪¡
СߴһŴŹСӣʮ꣬üĿ㣬СϻмֵŮģ֪˶֪谮Ŀ̣ıǾϹŵǰѱӡ
ʹӶţ߻λˣΪ˲Ӱ˶ڰб
ˣҲǷˣֻǲϲ̫ӣԼ
Ծͨдһֺ֣ĲҲǵĲŮ˺֮ǡ
̽˴ɨһȦСȥ棬̹۲죬һվ棬֣ߣ㿴ȥѯʣǺˣ
uһЦ㲻ϵңѣuͣ
uû뵽Ͱһĺӣ⺢üĿͰƼֱһģһ
ʣƹĻʵۣ
СǴ䣬񣺡СǼƵۣ
ɡuǰϸ̣磬ܺÿ
뷽ѣƵڴ˳֣ôӣ̴СǸˣӲǰƣ˹壬ԾǴԣƿͬ
uͳƬ̣ȻǴһأԸҿԷأ
Էרдʹĵطһܡ
̿Сǣ
С˵»ҪȥʾƵۺ
£λҪʲôȥ
ȥԷѲӡ
պãҲû£һͬΣ
Ƶ롣
СǿһߵḶ́ƶߡ
š
СתǰȥuһͬȥuʵſĲ˵ã
֮˵ֵš̴ʲô˵ãЩ˵ġ
uֻǿﳤú񣬹Щ꣬Ǿ͸ˡ
˵ŮȻˡ
һߣһġ
֪ѾһȦuͻЩδСѾ֪ûȥˡ
תСǴŹ뿪˵˵Ҫ㽻̸رӣʲô㲻شǣǵ֪ˣȥȻҪˡ
СΪ˹̺ãÿζҪȥó𾭣ֲдȻֻһ㣬ؽȥûǳˡ
̲ΪȻµģҲûж⡣

˳Żص壬Ů벻ˣ㿴̣ԽԽͰһˡ
ˡ
ǰȰݼȥ壬С˽յ飬һ¡
ƶԴãӴĹ̡
죺֪ˣȥǡ
ת̱ߣȥˣǺˣŮǴ򲻵ãÿγ治ԲȣĻҪ͵͵ȥд
Ůȥ˾ãСǿСǣ廹û꣬Сɡ
Сǿһۣ塣
˵𻰣˵СѾ˰ɣ
ǡ
С֪ŮӵĻҪĸģвԸ
ʣľѾ˻ԼԭΪеǰľû뵽ȴǡ
С˵ľֻǸ磬СǴδ롣
кδ㣬Ŵ˴ף£ǣĻ㡣
С̧ͷֻǿһ޴㣬һİţ
ֶһ£мѧҲǳж⡭
ˣСǲ̸£Īᡣ
ֻա
(δ)

ھŰһʮһ 

պ󣬸ʹѾľǣոľȥ֮
uȻ磬ȴʼûлˣ˼ΣƹƵۣҲҪĹʹһۡ
ĴͲǹȥĴǵҽҩѾ˸ңҵҲڷٵķչʮ䣬ĸóǳأѾײŻعˣóҲĵǷ켫֮ء
֮Ѿﵽ֮ס
۵Ĺʹ˷Ĵȫ
֮ǰ࣬˵ǰǻʴʴǣӳˮʱϢ硣
˵ɡ
ϵۿ˿˵Щϯ
볡
ʱĻӴ֮˵Сǿ˵ãҹ̫ӴСϰ֪ɷࣿ
Ľ֮ˣʱû˵
ۿ·ŵĹ壺㿴أ
СӲʣҪʧˡȻŮ޵ȥ
һ°ĽһЩ֮⣬Ů˶ãŮδס
ǲ֪ɷСǿΪҵ٣ҿΪ١
Сǲ٣ǻ٣֪̫ӿã

ȸ˷׷׿壬Ʊһڣ˵ľ

Сǻȥ
ǡ
С˸ӣһƮȻȥЩ㵣Сǿ
ƱһڣϣӲʣиˣ
ôҲӲʣӶûˣ˭˳ۡ
˵ȥɣҲˡ
ǡ
ȥСȥˡ
˴࿴˿˵ϣൣĻʴиˡ
ȥɡ
۳ų棬˼Ҷô˵ˣܲô
뿪İǿڹߵͯ񣬺ͰƼֱһģһˣٹ͸ˡ
ʱǾİϻĽǬuͶڿ̣̳Ŷϵκ飬һɫ·͹࣬Ϲһһɴ£Ƥӣͷ߸ߵһ٣Ͻڣһӣɫķͷ䣬һģŵĻӻҪӡ
ֻλͰľû
һλʣСˡ
忴ԣ˵ŵƿ˵㣬óԱ㲻ˡ
ֶ̧ڿϲվ
š
ȥˣ
ȻѾʮˣƿڹԶǸӤ
忴ڳ֮ˣվϣȻȥˡ
ģ̨ģ
̵ȥɣƿҲˡ
лϻʺ󡣡˵깬Ů֣ڳˣ˵λá
Ůһ뿪̫΢΢Ůﻹˡ
⸸ŮҲǹŰˣǰаŮƣҲ
˳ĬƬ̣ϯһֱҹ
ȥu
˿۬uͣ˵ͷǣŶӵֱ뿪ˣڳ˵Ҵŵģһ˶û
Ҫʷ׼¼Ƕ֪иŮˡ
ŮѾʮģһģһ۲κ˼СǴɴҲŮŪһš
ŮĻ£İľ
£ϵմմϲڹǰʤһˡ
ʵϲľС԰ľһģֻǰľľͷҰľȥСǵǶԣۺܼ֣ûֱ̽һγŹ岻ڣѰľʰľϲСǣҪΪ˴ͻ飬ľ˵СȻϲֻãŮ֮ϲ
ۻţòĲ֪ľ˵СʱȷʵϲСǣҲϲƿ֪ǲŮ֮ϲԲҪͻˡ
ʿϲ֮ˣľ㲻˵ˡ
պǽаľ飬һΰľΪ˾³ˤ²չˣ۵۲죬֪ľ˼
õһˣŹ岻ڣľͻˣľΥûʹӦ˻£ⲻ֪ڴǰľʮʱ򣬹ʹľǵŮӣԸ޻ˣľ˵Уǲ
Ǵ֮ˣľŮӲ࣬Ҳ޺ܶ࿴ϵģȻùСǣҲƶǱǳˡ
ľĲѧ˵ã̿࣬Ҳ࣬˵ϲǽ飬Ҳ飬Ҳ뵽ˡ
ΪͻС
˵ǻϺͻʺἰ£ԴӦǡ
(δ)

ھŰһʮ 

ǰ˹һȴ»
Ů˳ȥմմϲ
ŮصŮȥϢСǽջû¡
δ
СǰľͻģҲôģŮȥȥ飬ԺҲй̵סԡ׼Ϣű㿴ſվȥһվһ̱㷢
ǳǳһЦСƣ

һᣬſڣſȥƿűȥŮĹ뷿µˡ
ƶ
ת壬ʱֻǸʮĺӣҪһŮӸһЩʱһ£üĿ续Ŀ峺¹£·ǲʳ˼̻ӡ
ͣעŷƷ㲻ƶ
İ׷ͷδģŲҪѹҪˣȴ۽ʮˣǰһ
ڵȣΪǲȥأ
Ϊʴģ
ҪεĻᣬǺʱܹ棿
ү۵ӷƵĿд׻˻Ȼʯͷ
ơ
ȥǸΣһжȥȥʧ
ξУֻһоͻı䡣
סֻܳ
¿ŷƣ̲סȥ
ƺȻƿ壬С첲Сȵġ
£סƵ֣ˣתͻȥˡ
æ˵
뿪ƻͷ˳û
̵Ȼ֪ʮһֱתǸ£ܲˡ
ŷ·ƣй̣
ȥȥ棬Ź˼һߣһӡ
Ƭ̣˴ߣ¿ǡ
˵ҺСѾ˵
šڷƵǰǹɣָ̧߽ͷ׷ô
¡
涣Ϊβȥʮˡ
סʲô
̾ϢʮǰҾͳˣǷĻʴҾĸʶŮ
΢΢סΪ
ʱСǲ֪ʱǱǳǰڹҪչңֻشʱŻѾûˡ
סƵ֣ô
үûκĹܣѪҲβֻͨˣ
֪忴Ůƣȥ
ҡͷҴʱǺӣȥΣҲҡ
ת߶˼ת˵֪ܹǺ£Ůʮ궩飬ʮɳޣǣǴǷĻʴʮҪǻܲڴһη
İսڵģѾ׼˻¡
үͷ׷ʱѾʮ꣬ٹˣҼ޸㣿
а취£мҪŮڳҪ˱ڻúһˣϧӣҲЩ޷֡
ƵͷȻȥˣñ֪յľһȥǵȥСƣ
ƿСƣչȥһСơ
СƵȻͨ죬촽ҿˣƲȹԴףתȥſڣүҸˣǵȥ
Ȼ˹ȥűȥңӰûһ
ת忴ŮʵƶĻˣ
嵣ǸΡ
̵ͷӻһҹ飺ҵģ˵ҹҪ˯Ҿ˯ˣˮ𾪵á
彫ҹȥЩ졣
ϲĴ飬ΪǰĽ٣ϲЩӹ֮֪ҩ˵ҪǸҹֵĺӺһ㣬һֱ˯ˣɰá
黹ŮתԺ棬ʣһģ
ûˡҹ飬վһߵ
Ůȥڴϣϱӿ˯ɡ
ԭδޣתˣţոյǸ˺һģ͵һˡ
Ȼ
ҳ޸𣿡
ȻɣƶǵŮȻҪ޸ˡҪҲϲ˲С
Ŷ
˯һҹδ˯
ձŮȥԷ
Է׼Сǳٳδǿľڣȥ˷顣
Ǽʴѯʡ
ǸӣŽɫߣֻǿ°ͺ졣ľܾҿ֡
(δ)

ھŰһʮ 

嵭ȻѾЩˡ
ľסȻ̧ͷ
ӥҲڣӷ
ûȥʱ˵ڱǰˣ㵹Ǻãܷȥʲô
ӥү
ӥű鼴̽תʺ󣬾˵Ҫף֮ǷʴҪΪס
ǣӥҶʣת빬
˿ű̶Ϸ۱Է
ʱѾҲѾ˿۹Ǳߣչ崩һɫѣҪͳ˼ûôع
һ˵ͷ
忴u͵ˣֻзûˡ
彻ľȥţ̫Ӵߡ
ľһ£ͷתȥ棬˵ˡ
ʺ뿪ʹȴԷľʱԷй䣬ľ˹ȥҪȥ𴦡
ľڴ˴ȵȣܾʲôˣ˵塣ͷۣ֪ôˣܾʲô
ľ˿µ飬ڴˣ̫ľ
ľܴ̫ӣԸ
˭ҪʵͷˣãЩ濪ʼˡ
ơʵˡ
ûһ͵ˡ
ľվŵḶ́ƶ
ľ磬ҿǺ˳ҩˮ˰ɣôôһС¶첻ˣߣҪ߰˰ˣҪǸ첲գɱҶ㲻ɫ
֪ˣ´βˡ
ľæҪߣ̵Ӱϣҵȥһʰǣ˵Ĵ¡
ľæŰ˰ã̵ȥŹ̰ڰ֣ʾⰢľ뿪
ľĪ˺
֪ˡ̰ڰ֣һӦģⲻ֪ŵ£Ȼúдʵġ
ľص߸ʱҲʴʮŮӴһɫķ£ӸǷŮۡ
Ļаܾǰĺĺܡ
ֻǺӵǴŰŽɫߵģԿݡ
ߵϣ΢΢ͷʺ󡣡
ͼѣţ̧֣ʴ
תȥһ£˵ռȻλʹѾмҲҪ
˴ʱ֪Ҫʲô飬Ҳû뵽
˵ϽҪģԭҪˣæƫƫҴ쳣˪Ҫũ£˱
˳Ϊһ顣
̫֣ʲô˪ôû˵
˲δ˼뿪ĵʮˣһֱͬĲѣ뵽ȥô磬Ӵ˳һˣҹ¡
ɫ꣬ҪΪѰһ£ʼûѰ
˴ΣҲϣ׵ġ
ˣֻзŮˡ
һ£û뵽ôż
˵ʺҹʴСǡ
µģǻ᳤ģǱһԸͻʴû׵ģةҲصǡ
ôǣʵǻʴòͰ̫ˡ
Ȼȥʮˣ񿴵ʴǻǸ
һĸģܳһģһҲ⡣
ʴ·ǲͬˣϾû壬Ǹӣʲô֮ǰѾ˵ˣʲôֻ¶ˡ
ʱȴ˵Ը޸ֻǲ֪ɻԸ⣬ΪѾʮ꣬زӦ¡
סȻҲû뵽º͵Ļʴ˵ֻܶԡ
ʱǻʴҪ޸ڲȢ
ҪǲȢȢ˲Ų
ԾȢʴôͺܺʵȴǡ
ô¹Źֵĺܡ
˶Ϲ壬ܾǸϷ
ʱ˵ԸȢʴΪޡ
˻Ȼ
̰䲼گ飺ˣּ
ĵλȫƿһУ׷ʴҲǻʴһ仰ѡ
ڡ
Ϊ׳ɹϲɺأԸúϣԸͻʴͬġ
жôֳӣҪ¡
忴ȥīд飬óʺӡ¸棬ȥ˷ơ
ʴǣ
ȴдµͺ֮顣
˿һۣ壬һȥ
ϥ£Ӹȥƿöӣ˵ûл񡣡
̧֣·ϵ֣˾̾·ǸƵ빬̵һģһ
Ҳ죬Ϊƿˡ
(δ)

ھŰһʮ ת֮

uͺȻƣ
ƻ̧ͷδӦ
ƣĻĽҲվţĻֻת
˸Ǹƿһˡ
ȻһģһϢһЩƿ
İҲߵƵǰʱҲоǰơ
۵ױɨΧˣ˰Ѻڲŷ˼Ҷ󰡣Ϊǿˡ
ơʱҲ˽Ѿ˵ĽݵģĽһ۾ϳˣ֮ǰ棬Ҳǲ࣬СʱһʣĽѿڶӣ
˿ʣЩǱϱõģƿű˽Ź˵㻹ܣҸߵ㣡
ܵô࣬ȥơ
ƳֻʮĹʿȥѾϳˡ
Ҳˣ
ǡ
˵ոʴ»Լֶףرô
סŻع

ʷΪӺͷʴһԣֻҪҵ˰ƣôᷢ飿
ˣ̫ӴعȥɩҲȻȥɣձʴɩ밲
Ҳãϼػᵣĵġ
˴Ӹߴ˰ƵǰǱ߿ȥ
ԣһЦһ£к뿪˳Ѷһߡ
·ϻȥ˸пǧŷĹ˵Եעģÿζһ˵֮עҪһģЩ㻹ô
ʿˣǡ
ѵûбô
ʲ
ڣһΪǰԼŵ֪ҪߣɻǴһ̣Ƶ󲻹ܵģûУֵþģҲжѵ˽Ļţ
ĸơˣǵˡ
ߣ˯һƣ㻹㡣
Ҳ֪ԲԣǰοָܻȥܹǸϢϢˡ
̫ˣ
ʵ˵Ļȥ۾˯ˡ
ʹʱˣ۾Щ֣ϵʣĸôˣ
ϸŹʣ۾ûôˡ
ǵʲôʶӡ
˵˵ԷǱˣҾȥ͵͵ȥˣǵôˣͷеۣôˣ
СôˣñӴˣ޷ˣĸȥĸ˵
ĸҲܲϴҸĸ˵ĸ˵̫ˣˡһͰͣſ˵Ļί
˱ŶӣԺɣ˾ͺˣƢżһ᲻ϲġ
뿪ʣżһ᲻۸
Ƣǻģӣ޸۸ģ۸Ĳˣû׵ġ
Ҫˣĸ󣬺ߣ۸
š
˵ͷŹʻع
ԷϣѾһˣ˵Сһ
Ѿ϶ƾˣȥҪ
ȻŮҪ
˵ƣ㵽ȥɺã
ˣʴæų˵̱꣬ѱָ
ʲôˣҹҵ飿̲ǲأ۸
һ£뿪ԭλү룡
һסƵ֣ҲסŮ֣һ߹ȥ
忴򷢴ˣλ
Ҳ֪Ǻãȥˡ
˹ȥŮǰ¡
ȥ£⹫
š
ŷʣʲô
ơƵȻ˾ƺԸƣʣɺãжԽأ
ơݺᣬȻ˹̱żæŸᡣ
Ʋ˵ҪǣպźúúչŮأ
ͷ˲ᣬȻȥˣȴǴӣ᲻
Ҳھţҹ롣
ʱѾڣôŰƹֻˣҲûлأֻܵȻ˷˵ˡ
ڳ½뿪ʣʹǶڴţ˭Ҳ뿪
ӥȥ˹塣
ӥ
ƾö˭ãεľǷӥˡ
ӥ֪˵ʲôǲ˻תģڸո֮ǰãǲҪƭү
ʱ
(δ)

ھŰһʮ պسɴ

ʱѾûˣƿͷơ
Ƴŷӥ˸ӣлӥ໤ΪԸϷӥ磬Ըȫ໤֮
ӥ˰죺
磬ôʵӥ塣
˵ȻƵ˼ǾĺˣҲһ󡣡
ӥ˵ã
ƿŷӥ۹壺үʲôô
˵β̫ã£׷ȥҪӣ׼ɨķ½һͳ£Ҫ׷ƶȥһͳµʱ򣬱֮ʱ֪Ը⣿
ӥԥһ£Ը⡣
š忴ƣ֣ȥ
˹ȥס֡
ŹȻû뿪վš
忴ȥ˵ҹةɵţľةȥ
࿴ŷεиŰľȥǶڵȷơ
ȻةȥҲȥİҡҡ˵û˵
忴˿ˣȻλԸȥǾȥɡ
뿪Ҳȥ
尭ŮڣЩ飬ƱǱߵ߹壬Ǵε顣
ǵһΣүһԲʷ棬һŮ˳֣ҪɱңүˣҪܣҰɱˣұүˣȷʵүһϢֻүͲˡһֱǵ¡
ŵΪһΡ
ǲΣģүͨ˼˸ҡ
ŷƵ֣ΪξżΣͻ롣
Ҳûмүˣ֮ûйʱμүͷ׷
ƿڹĻ屧ʮ꣬ͿֲȥˣҪÿտƶͳŲסˡ
š
뿪ƿƿڹĻһʣ㵱ף
Ц£¹̵ıӡ
Ц˯ˣƲ˵үСչ˵ĺܺá
۾һһǣ˯ˡ
巢˯Ϣ̲Ű۾ŷƣҹһֱû˯ˣ
šƱ۾Ҳû˯
̴ľţ˵˯ˣǣʲôҾˡ
ľһȱתȥдʹڡ
ȻûȵȻͬѯ˵ȥˡ
û뵽ȴǱֶűӵĹ̡
ľһ߸ţ˫ֱȭĸѾȥϢˣţλ£ҹҺСڴд
ǣİɫһôܸӡ
ľǣã
̫СˣǹĹдɺͳ˴ôİɫ
ľſžİϺļˡ
İ˵Ҫ㣬Ҫʴ
ľΣ׼˵˵ǵ˵Ժǡ
˵깬̿Ľ̫ӣҲҪҵô
ĽԥƬ̣տԱǣ
̻⣬һߵĬuͣأ
¾͸ˡ
uͳƬ̣ƿ
ţأ¾ڸɫˣϾǷʹڣǻʺҲ˵
ƫƫǸӣ˵Ļ޷ƽϡ
˵㡣
̵õ𰸣ҿİϵҵԺģǵڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
ãʱİϻֺġ
̱ЦЦ˵Ƶۣ̫ӣة
˵깬̱ȥˣľǳţ˽ȥˣľת뿪ΪİһѺ
ȻźͿ̵Сһ䷢ԸˣȥˮұϣС湻ˣ꣡
ĽͷǱµԺӣת
Ҳǵһ
uȻһЦﻹЩһģСʱھǱǼǳģ޷ġ
̻ͷ˵ܱȲǵҴ
һתȥ
uһ£ǺߵĲӰˣȥ
ԺѾڷһӣǰľ͹̡
λ롣
ľʱӹ˻Ȩ໥ǿȴվһߵĹ̡
ȻֻǺӣȴͬ亢̫ࡣ
ǻţ⺢ֻǸӣ屡ͷպسɴ
(δ)

ھŰһʮ 

˯Ѿҹˣ̧ͷ˫ӣڵš
꣬˵ƿ
ү˵أЦ£Ҫ뿪˻ȥתƿŹ壺үûΪΣ
ҡͷ⡣
˵Ҫ˸̫أϰʮأүµȥ֣ƷڹϣǸӣ嵹ǲ⣬ϸ룬²ȥ֡

ŷƵţ²ȥ֣ȣһ𣬱ڴ֮Щ飬ҪƵ飬ٰɡ
Ц£ÿԲͻˣ׷Բԣƣ˿ֲǣȴı䣬Ҳ֪պǺܿ£
㶣ʲô
ǳֻа֪

ת֪ǲʱʲôʲôȷʵˡ
ҡͷа취
ûСԥһ£վԲ֮ҹʱͻ仯Щ뿪
סƣ
ƿҪǲߣүͻῴҵӡ
¡
Ƶǲ˵ˣתƿ⣬ȥϿһۣ
̽ȥ
Žƴ棬¹ʣһԡô
죺үСһԡˣ
֣ƶǱŮһԡ죬ȴתǳǱ߿䡣
죺ֻȥԡδҪʲô
ƻͷһ۹壬ʣ棿
棡Щ롣
ҪǱһŮˣڵġ
ᣡ
ƵͷǾȥɡ
ȥƿţվһᣬ˽ȥ
ȥʱ򣬷Ѿϵ·ûתֱȥˮ
⿪ϵȥ
ߵ棬תŹ壬ȥվ

үǾһɡ
š
ߵһ£˳ƿ˵ǰһˣΪǰ˱ӥŮӱˣҹŮӱȸӱˣǾû취һˡ
Զľ룬㰮ңҲ㣬ȴ޷һ𡣡
ֺȻƴûվȣȥˡ
崹Ųţ
ˣƿȥ˫ŲͣĴˮ˼Ҷֻŷƣ˰ʱűŷƴˮ
׼·忪ʼ仯ԭ⻬ӿʼ壬һ£ֿ̧֣Ȼת塣
ҲסˣǰƵ岻ϱ仯ͺڼ˥һֱϰʮϵⲻ׹ֹͣȻת˹ȥˮΪͣ
׷˹ȥƺ߿߿
ӲǱŷƳʯͷǱȥҲܼûкУʯͷϣסƲϵϸںʲô£
ƻ̧ͷѾϵˡ
ү
һ·ƣƶ㿪ѷưڻձʹ뿪뿪ȥһֻ˵ĵط
ƻ壺үԸô˲˹үôԭʮŻģ񡭡
ͷ᣺Ը⣬룡ںЩ
̣ҧ˹һڣ촽ѪȥֻƬ̣ӿʼָ屻ŵòᣬ뿪Ѿϸ¡
⡭
үĪүģҲͻ룬˹ƣרƵģүҲ棬˵˼ٻѪҲûõġ
һЦˣˣ
ѷƱڻ˱һᣬƲƿ壬ת뿪
ûȥǺúϴϴûùǳˣǻ䣬̹
ϴ뿪ƻ·˵ղ֪Сƻزˣ
Ҳ£°ɡ
ƿ۴齣š
ȥ棬˹ȥ
˴£ֱۣ§סƳ˿үã
ţ

Ѿˣ嵽ȥҲûƣ´ϣȥ档
Ժˣ嵽ңҲȥҡ
̳ոСˣ˵ˣҪȻȥˡ
ȥ׷ſֱӽ£ӥҲڡ
ӥȺ岢δ
ʴ
һѣƿӣ塣
(δ)

ھŰһʮ ;ǧһ

ӲͷƤȥСǣСһߡ
С˵׶Ҷһģֻǹȥ´ңСģױ㲻ˣദ
ˣС˲
С嵽ߣ̵Сˣ
û
ûвЦء
Ҫܣ
̾ǲȥҷƣһֱߡ
￴ĺǣ˵û뵽ôຢӣպ˻
Щ꣺үҲպ
ҲùˣˣǿŰɡ
š
;ͣͣٶȺܿ죬ֻгԷʱ³
ÿι̶ȥҷƣûҪȥ㿪˿ڡ
ʮ죬˱߹ع̸ˣһ춼ûȥҲˡ
СȤȥҲȥˡ
Ҫܣ̾ǿ
С岻ߣҪ¡
ߣ˱߹ˣôߣ
С弸˷Ǳ㲻ȥˣһ·˳磡
ƴ˿ߵСǰҲСˣϲ˱Ӧ°ɣΣ˾ͺãѾ˵ˣԡ
Сס
ʵأҵŮµģ㻹ҪݲźãѾҵ˼ˣԭȾǹˣ㸸ĸȻˣݻڵġ
Щӣ㰲Ŵ£СҲ㣡
С죺С֪
˲˵ãСزϲЩǹҲˣ
Сǵͷ쵽С
תͷ׷Ĺ壺Ҳڶౣ壬չ˺ǣҲչ˺Լ
ҲǡʮֲһЩȻֻһţҲٻôݡ
ԥһ£ߵǰ̧ͷԺ󣬲̫ɱŰǧȻҪ˭޷֤үʲôǧ
̶̼ʮ꣬ҲȫǷṦΰ
ǧδ˼ǵ˭
ү壬ҵүң
֪ƸɾС۹̣ߣЩ㻹ǷȱһЩպ㵱żң飬ҲҪԿģǲԿġ
ɿ֣ŹЩȣûҪ߰
Ҫ
ʮˣôմݶ̸㣬ȥ˭Ȣ㣿
˭˵ģ̻ϡ
Ѿˣɡ
˵ȥŹϳ
ҧҧȥĻ
ӣǵأ
û¡
Ůһۣ̲˲ᣬתȥ
һ˵˵꣬һȥӭ㣡

ӷ£ƽߣС˵һ·˳磡
ƿĺ棬޳˵Ḷ́Ҫȥȥɣ϶Ҳϣߵġ
ӣֲ³
漴棬۾㲻˵ˡ
̿棬͸Ƕڿǡ
һֱӰʧ̲Żص£ӣĽų£Ͳ˵ˡ
۾ЩѹȴµḶ́ȻǾľչˣȻô
СԸ˵˭ܲ˵ģʱӸĸ֮ɼԸĸγ̶ȡ
ͣʱ
˵˹
Զת߼ӸŻȥ
Сǻͷһᣬתȥˡ
ľʣǲǲף
ס
СҲǴˣô᲻ס
Ҫ¹ķˣΨһĵǾƶǴߣ˽ƶвǻɶӰ죬ԴУ㡣
ƶ׵ȫ
ľͷһ뿪
ȥ㿪ʼͳһ顣
Ƶ飬ֵıȻûκһ˰´ȥ֮ĸԷ뿪ңҲ׷뿪
ҵĿĶܼ򵥣ףԺ֮׼¹
һ׼սǣңһ׼ϣһټ
ǰ
Яʺ˵ֳ֣˫˫£˵޲ſս̽ǣѾϣ˲սѾܣǣ׼
̫ͷѾͷ׷˵Ҵһң£ϣʧˡ
ŲֻҪǿȡᣬӵˣԼ»л͵صġ
̫һһ˱㶼ˣҪ̣ԺֻͣҪϽԼ
˿ԼȣʵΡ
ϾʴǸӣѾʮˡ
(δ)

ھŰһʮ 

巭ֱӳƱס档
Ʊϣڳ˵ȥ
˵ȻʴлԼҲܸҷ飬ʴع£ٵˡ
忴ķƣ˵簽ӵϢĸأҩʯãҪЩȥлᣬǻȥˣ°סˡ
ʱ岻ʣұҩɷŮӹᣬŴʱ룬ģȻûкúóҩ˲Ųˡ
ȥ岻Ը뿪ա
̾Ϣ֮䣬Ҫֿģʮ꣬ǺͯѲɵҪȢˣ
Σ
үԸˣҷ㲻ԸģΣҲҪȵҼǡ
岻
ƿ棺үҪһͳ£Ǿ͵һͳҰɡ
屧ŷƣͳһ²һһϦ飬Ҫ׼ҪᣬûлᣬҪˣ
үٵȵأʮˣѵȲˣ
Ȼȵ𣬱ѾȲˡ
ү˵ЦүҪúñУҲֻҳأһүԻ꣬⼸ʲô
ꣿ屻Цˡ
˵޵иˣǸʿʿĹꡣ
ͯպ׷˵ǿԳġ
ţ
ˣүҸˣҪƲٵˡ
忴⣬ͷһ·ƣ㵽߹ء
Ƶͷã
࿴棬˵·ͷʴ뿪ӥ֪ͨȥ;ӣһо֮ˣ
ƿڹĻӣүһ˰ͷףһ˳ȴѣүǲǾˣ
û飺ˣ
š۾ֱ˫ȣλƵ˯
££ϵӣ§ŷƣ
С˸Ѿˡ
Сȼ˴۾С壡
ƿӣ
С̴ż˹ȥ
ڱȶǻҪһЩȻѾʮĺˡ
ѾһˣƼֱţǳô졣
ߵСǰӶ壬С壬ֱһģһ
С塣
̲סˣСƿӹ£
Ҳ׷׹£
һ¿޳ˡ
ҲסйҡЩŷƾǰƣʱνͣ
ƱסС弸ˣ
ӥҲɵѹ
ȻҲǺţǰ飬ʵǰɲòš
ͣ£Сǵ˴Ϸ
ľСˣƿȥҲ֪˵ʲôá
һ˯̫˯ȥˡ
ߵһߣίĿŷƣϲĿˣûС
һᣬ˵ˣӣˣЦ
СŷЦ£֪׻ˣֻЩûõռʦռǼң갢ľɻ飬ǼϻһˣȻҪˡ
ƿ˿ˣ߳˺ܶˡ
֪ˣȻˣǾһ߰ɣĸأҪȥ
С忴۹˵Ǽ£׹ȥ
ҺСҲȥ
ľæ˵ƻһ۹壬˼ãǶǵߣҪǣﲻΪΣǱҪ£ҵ߹أǱҪ
С̧һ£̧ͷϣ΢΢ü
֣Сռ
š
С忴ƣף֪ˡ
֣С壬㿴мʤ㣿
С忴۹壬˵Ȼе֮࣬Ƿڹ⣬˵ĵ֮˵ǣˣˡ
ԣ¹ѳɶֻ֣¹˭֣Ҫ顣
˼˼С㿴з񣿡
ǡСֱԲ䣬תȥˡ
ȷʵס˹ĵ
Ҫ˵ڣ˵Ӱˣôڵס
أ
ȻǵȴҲӣӲͬͬ
ü
Сͷƿ۹壬˵ϳɡ
תصһֱĬḶ́ƶ㵽䡣
ƽȥţС忴۹̣תСҲϡ
˵ҺСǽһ𡣡
ƿСǣȥɡ
Щڣһ
(δ)

ھŰһʮ 

ʣ㿴أ
忴̫ѸߣԪϣΪºͣղһƽϣҰ㡣
ۿ˿棬̫ĴЦ㵨·ϣڴˣϷ⣬ϡϳ̷ˣϳ־
̫˵ųײ˹ȥһȥ۳Ҳã̫ײ˵˵ϡ
ٹٷ׷׹£뿪
忴ϵľ̫˽ȥ
ǹ
̫۾ܸҽæŸȣ̫ĴһסֵĹ壬һЦϷֻЩˣϷˣﲻˣϷûпͻͻɽҪ˵ģ
һЦлл̫ȫ
ϷΪ˻ϣΪ˴ǧҵƬuͲƴԭı֮ˣξð𡭡Զǳ
Ľվǻʮǿ׳ƴ
ȻΪ棬ȴеûԵƫʲôˣҴΪʸ֮ģ
ȻˣҴԴа
飬һҪߣϷֻǾãңˣδܴ
̫Ϣ΢ͷ
̫˿ۣϣϳˣϳ󣬲飬һҪϳնݳ󻼣š
ҡͷУ
̫ס֣Ϊǧ
ҲûӦʣʱ򣬹˷׷׵ڵϣ˿ٽţһһ
ɫһתȥӰѾߵߣץȥ飬ת̫㲻ˡ
Ȼ׷ȥӰѾʧˡ
ˣʹʹ׽ùд̿͡
̫ʧһ⡣
ҧҧͷۡ
˵޲֪¡
һҹ䣬ټ̫Ȼ޴棬̫ʬ޴³˴Ψһŵҳ
йԱΣӿʼĲſսϽ׼ƣ̶һڣѾƴ
ƻص˸
ҲĻԼķ½Ϳ̿
ǣҲʹס
һʱ䣬¹һǶ
ƴӷ££ϵķۣչֱۣվһ߰㱨ˣɷС˵
һԴӷϸһˡ
̿۰࣬ȥһߣ̧һ«ƵģԼŮŮæŸ
׵鲻ᣬĸʺͻʸôʱףȻģȻûлǱûбҪ¡
·־ñغϺϾñط֣˳Ӧ̫ƽٹʮǾδˡ
Ҫͳһ£ô֪Ǵأ
ˣҲãộ˽֮أǻʴǻ֮ˣͲųô
Դ䣬ƵȻ̰˰֣ʾŮ£Ů˵һߣԸϵķ̵ۣͷ˵ҲСˣҪѧЩԲǲᣬһҪ
䣬ЩϲʱԼĶ޲õòĶҪݺݵЩ֪˭ֲ˾ܿɶ񡣡
ʣҼǸһֱ˵ˣҪѿģֻñӴһٶѡ
ţĺãûдƵĹ̵СԼģôôϲŮ࣬ȥۣ̲סϲ
𣬺ǵ⡣
۰࣬հΪ½ѵˡ
࿴̵ĵ⣬˵ľҷٽȻʮ꣬ս׿Խ˷ĸ״Ů۱µı㣬ҲսҪЩӵġ
࣬ô˵ƶҪһˣתȥ۴á
΢΢ͷңĸŮرСӣ
Σһߣƿ£һԹ˽ϣȥ£˷š
ƿ˵Ҳ°ɡ
ԥƬ̣ȥ¡
ţʹ̣ǴΪ£
û۰࣬Ρ
ǰЩӹպƿ֪ΪΣƿ⣬²֪ôᱻľɿľɴϲҶģΪ²Żƿ֡
(δ)

ھŰٶʮ 

ΪҲͷʹҶС°ԣмκŮӣֻǼһƿ⼸ձ˵Ҫ
ԭΪ׼ģ˼˭ƽΪƫƫǶƿϲˡ
Ƭ̣ʮô
ǡ
֣ң
ƿȥȻЦ£ƶΣ
ûΣǲ֪˶٣Ϊаأ̲ΪȻƲʧЦ
ӣУᲢۣ
кβܣǲܣǻʲô˼̳߱ӱҪš
յſھͿ˽һǰһǰңĲʶȥҵӡ
ͣ£üһۣ˽ǰͷҪȥ
УǾã˺ᣬŲߡ
ƿˣҵǸӣֻ뵽ˣŮ޸һİô
ֻǰ·ɣ
պýҲʱ䣬Ժȥߣȵң죬ҿſ
˵ѾƣüȥͰ˵ƶ͵ģҲƶĹϵ
ߵƵǰ񣺡μʴ
ƿȥô
ƿȥߡ˵ֱӡ
ƿſڵḶ́²УƿǴ飬˴ǰ͵ģͣʵȴӵġ
ţǿ뱾ʴ飬ķ½֮ϣѾ𣬱ʴֻܽߣҪ˸Σ
ʣǵأ
ǹŮ͸øһݴ۰ɣ
˵ҿۻ֪ƵḶ́˼⣺ҿ֤ƿ
ԥһ£ɣ
ҿࣺ״ˣ
࿴۷ƣ²Ҫ˵
ҿ̣ȥҪȥ
̵ǸӣԸһϲͨңȥﲻܣܺԼǡ
˵깬̱ߣұ˳ȥ
ൣıȥƽ¡
̳ţڷ﹬й䣬ŷӥ
Ҹһ
ƿСڴʲôӣʵ
һ£ͺһûʲô𡣡
ôܣﲻŮô
ͣ£ֿңҲ֪˵ʲô
Ůڹ̵ûгֹ
Ȩ
ҵ˵㣬Ĳ֪תˣ˳ǰרĿ㡣
ҪˣȻ˵ġվһߣ˹ߣǿ㣬ǿ
Ҳ֪ΪΣôϲ
̿һᣬȥ𴦡
йһ磬˵빬̹ȥ˹ȥ
ĹڹҲڹסԼԺӣǱҽ׼ţЩ嵭ģ̳ԵĻϰߣǴʳ
Թ׼뿪ľɱҵ˹̱㶯֡
һŹ̲˴ˣһ֣ҵ˷Ǳߡ
ľƽվͺţŽʹ˷ƵĹڿۡ
Һ͹̡
˽žľ˵ʴбҪᣡ
ƿ۹̣󣬱ֽˣûӣ¡
ƿŮٿңĵҲãֻأ
ʲô£
ʴŮӹδʴᡣľԴ䣬ߡ
ʱΪңƶһй
ƿ̣ʣƿô
Ȼǲںģԭ첻µز£Ǵ̫ܴ򣬺οǱˣ
ֻûӣʹˣǼǵ˵Ļġ
֪˭δձӦͬΣˣŵء
ҿȥδ
ʣ˵أ
ƿң˵ҴδйԼľɽˡ
ңҺСһңľŭ
Ŀ䣺ľɽǷгǷ㷿
һ£´½ʴ
˵æŸĿڣ²ʣʲôǳʲô㷿
Ҫʡɫѿץһ¹̵ˣϲġ
ߵƵ£ȫûݵλ
ҵǿ۷ƣƿԴػʼҵķ緶ͬƿӦڵ񷨡
ƵĿһңδ
ľ˵ƿ㵨񡣡
Ҫܣҵң̴˿̿иˣƶúЦ
ɫĿţ˵ľɣݵ񣡡
(δ)

ھŰٶʮһ ״

ң㱻Ů۾ô
˵˭Ůأ̲á
˵㡣
ľɲġ
ľɣ㲻ΪҺô㼵ǲǣ
ľͨ죺Ů㲻֪߳ܡ
֪Ҳϲ㣬Ҫ˵δҴûôҪˣ㻹˵Ҳ֪߳ܡ
ľ˹ȥ
㲻ǿҲ˳ôҪõôҾͲ㣬ûõòĶұҪˣ
ƿңһ£¶һĨЦ
ļ̌־ʹ򣬷ӥһ﹬ǰֵ̧סľɡ
ֺ̧ͷľɡ
߰ӣƲӡ
ƶ룬һˮ˵ȻŮҲûйƿľɽ˿Ըһϸأ
Ը⡣ľɵʲá
̷ۿһľɣԥ
㲻ˣľʵڡ
˵ƿԴŮӲս书²䶷
ǲУ˴ǷͰշĹ
ľڡ
˵ɲ㣬Ǿãûкôû˼ѡ
ʲôô˵ɡľɺں
ҪˣԺҲһۣ˳ˡĵġ
˵ģľ΢У
˵ƿ㲻ɺ֣
˵һЦֵǧΪһЦѪɶͷΪһЦҲԣǹľɣȴһ¡
ΣѾͷˣ
ҲУӦæ
ȴľɷ׵ʣأҪ˵ΰ
ңľɸû䣬ľˣ㴦á
ҿɲҪ˵һĲֵ˵ǷٽбȨǲǣ
Σľɺܵ⡣
˵ҪˣѱȨңҪٽ
һӵĻ඼ţοľˡ
ľɹЦҪӮˣȨ㣬ӡ㡣
˵ƾѴӡ¾״̵
ã
˵ľɽ㲻ñȨЦôҪã
ңҴСϲ㣬֪ģ㾹ΪŮ˵֪жĺֻһʱͿҳˣͻҡ
ȻȻһ졣
ɲ㣡ǷֻŮӾ޵飬վҵġ
Ҿǿתˡ
֣ΪҪҾҪԼľɣҪķڷĴӡӥĻʼ
ҿȥ㶺޷Ӧ
ӥ̵ӡ£һöӡ¡
̰ӡ·£ƾӡ£Եʮϱһţҵɡ
ǱӮˣҴӽ𣬱֮㣬ǷκˣŮ۶ǿ
ƶҵδΪ
ľɺЦԭôϷѵıӡ㣬ãҲҲ
ľɰӡ·£˲д״
ͷ֤㿪ʼ׼ˡ
Ϊʾƽ˵﹬ĿյϱԣľĸҲǰսٹҲһͬս
Ұ˵£˵ˣɡ
״ˣ
Ҫ˵ˡ
಻ֻȥ̣£һףȥǸӡ
ŮӴ书ŮӣԵСܶࡣ
ڿľɣ·ıһҪ׳ʿ
ҵģߵ̵߿Ǻοأ仹üѴӡûȥ㣡
ΪˣʳԶʣ£عҡ
Ȼǲںģߵǰ㣬ұȻң
ƶ贵˴ҵĻ
̽ƿȥľɡ
ҶľɻӮ¡
ľɿŹӣЦñӣκαԡ
̲ãˣթ
أѲƿģֻèıӣľһ⡣
ӥ˵硭
ӥӸ㣬ѽҡ̺ں
ӥԵõǣΰѱ߸˽
̿ȥɡ
ľҲýŹ˹ȥ
±ߵ˵ٽȻӮ˵жʮ˧ӡء
ǲ˧ӡǵȵӡ£Ǹ֮ŮأȻʲôˣ˵ŮһëѾͷʮӡϧ˴һͿһʱ
ǰ
ҶЦҲЦֻЦĺƽ
(δ)

ھŰٶʮ ʱȥ

˴һ𣬹̿ȴ׵磬ľɸмܣֻǼУľɾͰˡ
ˤһӣһѪ
Ŀһˡ
ĽѪָһߵεδѪ
ֻһֻ֣һֱֻûù
˵Ľ˭̸ģǷŮ۾ѧ
ҵҵ˵ǷĻʴĽ¸ ҴСʦͨ
Ʊ̵ŶЦˡ
ľɴӵ˼ˤ
ľվŹȥˣ£
ҿ˭ңǰס˹̣Ŀ
Ըķ䣬ҷ𣬺οҽŮŮ۾ѧҲŮ۴ˣľɲأʧ㣬ΪĸĪΣȨʴܷġ
ˣѺΣ죡
ǰܿ콫ľĸŮѹȥȨӡ˹̣ȥɣľĸŮ䲻𣬱ʴ𡣡
лл߱Ȩӡ˷ӥ˳ӡҲ˷ӥ
ӥպã˰Ѻ
ƿһۣ֪ǵʮĴӡǼٵġ
γŮҲñȨϷã˺Ůء
תȥ˵أ
ˡЦ£˿
һսķ½Ϣܿ쵽
۰ųŵϵĹʣļı
忴ۣûġ
ԽԽˣ޲ϲ޲ƽϡ
ۿ򰲽ˣλ䣬ο£
ӦĿԣԸ˳ɡ
ʴԸġ
˿ʼԣҲװô£˳ֵܵǹ顣
ȥƵȻѾõ˱ȨӡҲһסƶޱȡ
ԥƬ̣Ȼˣ޾ͷˡ
忴۵񶼺
뿪ʹصű㿴Ѿӵĸˣ尢̳Ź˹ȥү
ޣôˣ
үţδȺ򣬹תһ۰˹ȥ
׼վȹ壬ȥϣƿһ¡
ȥӷ£ϳϸǡ
̫ЦЦ
ûˣ£һ̫
ûˣаš̫ܻǷƾ
Ĭһᣬž̫ίˡ
ίΪ˳ɾǧҵϷ޺ɴߣȻҪһͬѰ·Ǹɴµˡ
̫ǫˣֻ˳ӦʱֶѣȥǺչŻģһ̼㲻ǱҲǱ˴
ƻѶҲ֮١
Ϸ㣬ϷˣҪȻһȥһ̡
ȻһЦ̫Ѿ˱ܴһæˣ̫־ЩԵ˶ҷˣм
Ϸʷˣδغ˾ΪϷˣ˵׻˵Ϸظûʱ֪ڵƣ
ǡ
˴ϥ̸̫δ߼ˣҵӵ˸ֻǴ˶˺һӣԼµŮޡ
˾Ĺ·ϣԷž̫³̫ϡ
˿峯ŵͷ̫ӣӸ뿪
Զȥת⵨Ǹѧģ
үû˴ĵӣҲǽջؼҵʱ򣬿ſڵȥ̫ŵòᣬ̫Ըȥֻί
תԶȥķת뿪
˯һᣬǹдֵɳɳſ˽ڽ֮ͣˡ
̿ңʣ£
ȥߣմһ㶫㣬ʴѾϢˣҪŻʴҿһû۾ķơ
˵ҽղȥȥɡ
һΣѾͷܲú壬һÿնڵʲô
ƶҲģ
˵ղȥȻȥ
Σֻת뿪Ű۾Ź̿ȥƶ
̷±ʣ֪ûϢ
ֲ֪ǹģֻǲǰˣ˵ĲΪνղȥˣ
Ҷ飬ϲº˿ˮ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪʲôҲʮ꣬ΪҪ飿˵һǸӡ
šƻοģŴ̫磬ŮûкôǶˡ
ֻҲ֪Ҫʱܻصȥ
(δ)

ھŰٶʮ 丸Ů

ûþҹˣĸŮſڽңƱЩ֣ʣСƣ˵ΪʲôҳһģһȴһϳأֵǣǰҲǱţҪΪģһֱųףȴڼ֮ϲ㣬㲻ô
ʣʲôôֵģ˵һжԭɵģһϲһˣһԹһ˶ԭɵģϲϱǷҵİɣȻӻˣȻ̫ˣ׻Ҫõġ
˵һ棬ôһüҿ̣ǲһԲѣȻ丸Ů㣬һ㶼ţֻ㼸綼Ƥ񡣡
һĨΪȻ˵Դ䣺׿˵ң˵õģһжǰã
ƻȻһ£ǰѾȴǺͯԭǰµ򣬽ĥĹǽôôܲϲ˸õŮ
ͬλñˣҲͲһˡ
Ҫԭ˵һϲԭḡҪĸŮ˵֪ˡ
Ʋ˵ʲô˵˵ĸŮ˵丸Ů˲ϲô
ҶŷƣҡͷЦŹЩ
ף㿴ʲô
ʲôĵط棬ΪһʼһģһĵطҲԼ飬ϲģĽģ㣬˭Ҳûеġ
ŶֵĿƣЩһ֪⣬ǸӣЩ˵ҲҲͲ˵ˡ
һЦ߶ģתſڡ
ˡ
ɡ漴
޵ſҽŷ߽񣺡Ҳμʴ
ɡ漴˸֡
ȥһվţֵĿңЩ֡
ףôˣ̳ڹߣ˿¶ͨ͸Щ⣬üһ֪
ƵǺѾͷССͿ˿¾ô׼أ
˭̹Ȼ
֣˭ô
ƿ۹̡֪ģȻǹȥԵֻҲ֪㻹ʲôԵϾʱֻһ֪ѣʮѾȥܲĻǲСܳˡ
ף㵽˵ʲôΪʲôһҲ֪֪ѣҲû˵أһ⡣
ʴҲ֪ʴ˵ʲôһ˵ƿһۣȴûشվˡ
̵İɣȻǲŮദʵڷƵǸˣֻŮϣûô׾ܶ
Ҷã˹ǹأҲûá
ƿģҶԸոջʴĻҲһ֪⣬Ҫ֪ô£ʴʵ֪ҿ۹̣ơ
ܾǸ֪ЩԾĵطƿͣôʮ֪ѣ
ʴ˼Ǹ˶ƿֺҪ
Щ֪˷ã֪أǺ£ùȥҪǣҪǲΪȻȫ㡣
Ҫƿദƿദǣ˵һʵϺܶݣԲͻʧȥȥ׷һЩûд𰸵飬úðǰ
ĴǰĽݻǹ壬ʵ˷ѵʱ䶼ܶ࣬һֱβ˵Ρ
ⲻ֪˸
ȻβҲڣܾź
֪ʣҲʡ
תҿ̣ȴûڣǷˣһкӣôɬʲôǰɬ״̬պŮǰҲԿкӾҪиѲʱиƤʱ
ƿ۹̣˵ȥȥˣ
ȥˡ׼뿪ż档
Ů̡ۣ
ƿң£
ԥƬ̣ˮҪޣҪ룬ة಻ϣ룬˵Сܲ룬Ϊ¶
û뿪һ¡
ƺЦѾҵһЩŵˣ֪ôСƸˡ
ةȻةĵģҲûãҪة಻ҵģңҲʲôô
Ʋ£Ҫ¶첻ףҲûʲô֮ˡ
廹ϵˣҲף
(δ)

ھŰٶʮ Ҫ

ԥһ£ҪةӦĻܷƿȥ
ƿǴĿǷĿ±ʴܸ棬ǵʲô£Ҳķ½ϸǶ֮Ҫ⻹ٳ£
㣬ةӣةû޶Ψһʲô£Ǻã
ǴӵȻϵգҲкܶ࣬㲻Ҳȥة֮ӣҲ𡣡
ƻ䣬˵Ҳ£֪ةעѪԴңպҲȫȫȥة࣬ԶҵĸףѾҪȥ
ƿ˻ңȥȥԣƿԹǷԸȥʴ¡
ҲǴˣ˵棬ǲæҲȻܸˡ
лʴȫұȭлת̣ȥ˵ƿҵҡ
˵Ҿˣ¿̣ǲǾã¼ӣ
Ȼκ˶̺ܵ˵
һ㲻ˡ
ʣףϲˣ
ûУ׼ǵü˰ɣʵôõģֻһײ˵ˡ
Ŷ̺֪ŰƵô¡
Ʊѵʶ˵һЩ̾öƭ˵ģôãôܷ¡
ʣѵûиҺ飿
Ȼˣһֱ˵ֵܿģҽģΪĻգ˲ٵ飬ĸβ֮׺͵򳪸ģ
ʼ˵ܶ๬飬ܸߴϵĺá
Ķ䶼ۣôƭŮģ
ҴֶУҲûʲô̫ɶ飬һʼǼ£Ҳˡ
Ҵٶ˵ѾӦңҿȥǵĴӣƿѯ
⻹ô۹̣ƿأ
ҾͲȥˣҲø棬οҲˮϢٽȥɡ
˵깬̻صϣЬ±ȥš
ƻͷһۣתңһɽһɽ߰
ԭҪСƳȥ񲻵ܳȥҪԼȥǲҪֿˣ
Щ˵ϲ˷ֿĪʹˡ
Ҵʱž޴ʹࡣ
ƿл˵ҲߣҪ
ת泯棬˵
ſƣʴ
߰ɣ˵ҪȥӿҪʱҪ𷣣ѵлȥҲЩ飬ڰǰһӡɣʱﲻֵãƿƢˣ˵ȥȻǲȥʲôԭ򣬵ҿûʲôԭˡƺȰ⡣
һ˵ư˰֣ʾȥ
ֻת뿪
ƵˣתƢŮ㵱治ȥ
ƴŹϵʱѾһˣڸôѴӵȱڶס
ʣһô
Ӧܰɡ̵ȻһҲġ
һŹ̳ǰߣţӥ˵
ͣ£תӥӥ
ĿӣĿ΢΢һ£ôˣ
ǹ£˱߹ûлȥҹġ
ʱΧûʲôˣ΢˽ãֻ˷ӥӥߣ˹Ǿ˵ѾźˣֻҪûڸͲصĸ֪
Сƣϳôӣȥס壺
סŮ۷ơ
ζӳ£컯ɣվǳļⱦ겻Ƕ಻ϲСƣСƶһҪǻҪϧˡ
أȻӣվСơ
ҲǷСƵġ
תǰȥ̷ſŮŮȥҷơ
ߵǰ湬סƵ֣˵ôˣ
ûô
ǳԴˣոȹŮЩǡ
ƿ۹壺ôŮĴףȻ
棿岻ţɡ
Ƶֿķ˿ǰ׵ôô˺ڵˣ
˵ҽһЩҩ˵βҲǸȾȾɫһ졣
ؿڵķ˿ס£ɿţһɵĲ㣬˵ﶼȻĶҽõֲ
ԺүҪڣҸүҩЩӾͿˡ
šůˣŷƵ֡
תȥүҲ±˷֣Ҫʲôô죿
ǵģ
׵ļûŮʲôġ
ôˣѷƱס߳Ŀ꣬Ͷ¡
ŷûзӦȥһڡ
죬ŮǰҲ̫Ҫˡ
(δ)

ھŰٶʮ 

嵹Ҳûģ̹ˡ
˵ʲôûҲ˵ˣƿ㶼ˣŮǰʹУ
̣κνͣһһǰߣǷˣһ㶼Ϊ顣
ǰһΣƿϣ˵үϲСƣҪҪ
֣һһƤƶоˣʱߡ
ƿòᣬụֹ̂ʷƣôģôã
Ʋûίֻǿ۹̴̣ʱЩ𾪣ȴû˵
˵ҿǺӲүԿòӦǣαˣ
ССܸϲ
󣬷Ʊ㲻˵ˣ˵һ¾ûӦˣǲԷƣ˵СƽƣϲСơ
ϲ˭治ˣܸǲϲСƣҲүֶרᣬϲСƣ㰵ֹ˾ܽŮˡ
ⲻ֪Ůվڳһ뿪үұ룬ʱүᵱҵˡ
ү»㽫ˣҵεķŭɺҵΪܺһЩǷŭ𣬺үһƬ
ү㲻ãǱӦô
׻˵ˮתһջתүϡ
㼴㲻ԸСҷأ֮£ǧǧУǻһģʲôı䲻ˡ
ԵպͶͬҵΣΪҵϣүƴҡ
үأͲϣƴСô
˵ˣ·Լߵģùһ졣
峹ˣŮôôϵ
ƼүСҲҵŮô
岻ˣ۷Ůװʲôȥߴš
巴˶ˣһί
ơŷƵ֣ƲΪȻǱߡ
үҵĳǲǺܳɫûʲô뷨ǰԵĻ˵˭֮ǰҾÿƽܣ־òǣΪƽܺúõģء
üͷôԵ
үأ
ǲһȻϣŮԵ֣ŮԵ֣
Ѿú͹˵
ң˵ҿûκεļ䣬ҲǵСƵļôˣү㲻ϣҲӦһǸү˵̩أ᲻СƱүأ
Ե治˵ġ
ںڵģ棬Ҫô˵ǲܾôˡ
ȥ
ȥǺ͹ں
˺ܿߵ棬æ˱Ҫߣһתƺ͹һ£˹ȥ
ӥӣûɸӥкֱ˹ȥȴת˹ȥ֪Ϊʲôܾʲôطӣ벻ˡ
ʴæŸƴ˸к
΢ã㲻ˣñ֪˵ұ˵ͷƹȥḶ́һĿҡ
ǲôôˣҹⶺ̡
Ҳ̷ʡ
ǵȻǡ
˵ĿԽѿ̶ǱߣתȥһߣҪطʹ
ƿһ۹壬˹ȥ
ѾæĲˣŹ̻ȥ˻ء
ȥ˵ҵɣ
룬ǰˣǲҪȥס
ðɣҲôˣӦҲǿ
Ҹ˵һס̵׼˵ǵҪ
̧ͷһۣתңңǵպ÷ӥ岻æչˡ
Щ֣۷ӥɿָ˹ȥ
ӥߵǰͣ£ֱ͵ҵɫһעŷӥЩã󵨣
ӥĮȥδңǿ̡
Ȼ֪˼ȥվ£屧̷ŵϣϳ棬վ£Ŀ׺ݣӥﲻǡ
ҡƱǳ⣬һ£ȥ
࣬˿̿棬̾￿ţһֻ§Ẓ́һŭˣνҪɱ˹壬һΣô
ޣ
һŲסҵĽ˺Ҿɱ㣡
ҳסˣĽ£ŷƿȥʴΥף
ƿңҶҳԣ˵
ŭɶؿһ
(δ)

ھŰٶʮ ĵİ

ƿһĸŮҲǽŷ֣ԸŮĬֱͬ
΢΢ȥ̾ͿȥŮôţֱ޷죬ȫˡ
ң
ƸտңһѪ³ѵһϡ
һȥˣ丸Ů˾Ȼһûݡ
ֻȥ˿ͷˣǲˣ
˵ҪɱҲǻˡ
Ƿˣһԣ
嵭ȻָɣҲ
㵹ֻûġƿԲѵң˿ǲ̫ãһҩҳȥҺһ£ƲŽ˸
صʹһһѷƺ͹̴ȥǸӥ³
ʱӥǷӥǻ÷ӥֻͬ
ұ͵Ƶ޹Ըȥ֪ͨة࣬˵ʴ
ȥҩҽҽȥ׼ơ
ڹߣ꺮ů
ŮЩӲڣҲǵһηֿټ˵Ļ
ưźðҲˣŰͷԾˣӥ
ֻǿ۹壬ȥˡ
£ְ̧סҵ󣬷ƽͣǼĲŻʮ꣬û뵽飬ѪһҪûʮʮǺòˣֱǲӡ
һκҡҪңȴ۾Űࡣ
ףƿһܺͷӥһ𣿡˵ᣬվǲġ
ǱߣŭǷӥǱ˼ٰġ
ס˵Ǵƿĸ塣
һ£ȥӥϸߵˣ˵çײ
岢ᣬҲϲңƺ벻˶ѡ
˵үҲˣɡ
ƽȥŹȥ档
һܣΪʲôϲң
ҪŮߣԶϲ㣬⡣ұת뿪
ƽȥ޵ת壺үϳˣ
£룺϶ܸо֣Ӧһ¾ϳΪʲôǵˣ
үһֱ룿
ʲôСƲϲҲϲպˡǰ˵ˡ
үǹģȻ㲻ϲǻ˼
ߣô֪ôûã
үǰӣ಻ˣ㵱һ˵ģ
û۹壺Ҫû˵಻ˣҲˡ
üһۣа취Ҳû뵽ô˳·طˡ
һ£ҡͷүɡ
ʣôңҿԶ֡
ƿȥССͲѧôˣȴˣˣձ㽫ɱˣɱҰɡ
̶ŷƿ˰ΣЩǣŹ忴廤Ů㽫Ů§ڻ˵Ҳˣ˯һɡ
š
뿪˵ȥԡܿ
š
̿۷ƣľˡ
ƿŹȥת壺վǵóˣԭΪӮˣõү񿴣վӮˣңҲүˣԼҲˡ
忴ȥŮЦһ£γأĳ׵ף걾Ƿ˵ģҪӱˣ뱾ԣ䣬ƺˣ
ȥԡͷҲѾԡѣƱ͹סһ𣬵Ҫס£˵һվҪ뿪Ҫϣԥһ£סˡ
﹬̿첽˹ȥס
ţЪŰɣ˵仰ѾܳŮˣЩͷ˵
ȥţһ˵ӥſš
˲׼ȥϢո£ͼˡ
һۣȥˡ
ƽ᣷£££ϵĿ˯ۣһͷ˿£
ҽһֱͷ˫ֱȭ
ʣô
ӹˣҽ³çǸġ
ʵҲ֪£ˣҲûʲô˵ˣ˵ѾЪˣȻȥɣοˡ
ҵûʲôסܿ࣬ΪӲġ
(δ)

ھŰٶʮ ϵ

ң㻹ûãôԿ㣬ͳˣ׻ȥҪҴߣȴϡ
ףҲȥҪסҲߣҪߣӱִ
˵ȥᣬ׻ȥˡ
ҿࣺ״ˣҽյϲҡ
ˣľͻόƣӴߵǰסҵֲûãˣٿϵɫ֪Ƕ˼ˡ
ҩûôƴʱЩˣ𱸵Ŀһ۰ࡣ
˵鹢ֱһĵƿϺҩ
ƻͷһ㶯ûеĴǱߣƶ˯ˡ
㲻ԲȣѰٻҲ޼£ǶԸŮûĵĺܣСƴСͱ˲鲻޵˼룬֪ҲûõģǻȥɣǸֻϲǿˣ㲻ǿαŮأΰŮĵĽأ
ҿŴǱߣһǿ󡣡
ԺЦǻǿ󣬿ǿδ⣬ο˲أ
ֻǲˣ˶ѣµġ
ûȷʵ£Ҳֻˣǿ׷ϵġ
ƺ˵Ǻܿҵģ⺢ӵǺܿ
ҲȥһСǴڿʼʱȥ׷ϣܻϵģô׷ϲϣ
ʱ㻹ҪӦСƵĸǣСһ㣬磬ô
ס춼ûΪҲֵҪСƶôһ뷨᲻ǵġ
ڿҰ
ѵƿһӶˣߡ
һ£Ҳ׵ģ㲻ףֵ߽ˣҲţëѾʧˣôĻ˵˺ãþͺãҪ˵ã˵ãƽ
ô˵ƿպķϲֻҪϲҪޣ˫ۺޣҧء
治ĸңʵܾˡ
ȷʵɡ
ҲˣҲȢƿҽƱҪѪȾɽ촦
ɱڣɫ԰ס
ƿ᣿ңô㣿
תŴĹ壬۵׵⣬ƺϳˡ
ҧ֮޲죬ִɢǣұ㲻Ź㣬ΣҿȫµжҪ֮ء
ȺúûŰɡתȥ˵࣬ߣȻݹֱ
Ҫ뿪ƿࣺ塭
תȥƮƮĿ⣺һλᣬ֮ڻָΪͽܷȡСƵϲԼˣʮˣСƻǲϲ㣬ɱ㣡ˣ
һ£ոյŭˣЩãȻ
ҲЩ⣬˼Ƭ̧̣ͷѯʣ㲻ɱңҵӣɱҲŹ㡣
ȫȻں̧һ۰ࣺǲǷŹңǽ飬Ҳ˵ҲҪ

Ƶû˵һָ侲˵Ȼˣҽ£ʮʱҲ㹻ˣƿϲҲû˼
ƵˣЩִء
嵭ȻһЦҪʲôأ
ҿһƿߡҿ塣
ƾòܣ岻ˡ
һ̣ǿӿһ£᣸¶һ˿϶϶һ˯һ˲ʧˡ
忴ңҷһᣬתȥ棬ƿһ۹壬˻ȥ
ϵˣ
ƿ£Ŵ˯Ĺ̿ȥôˣ
ƿȥôˣ
忴ƣ˵ܾˡ
᣷£ȥţƵ˲¡
˵ʮʱ򣬱үҵĹuƣͱͰǻʶҲ֪ԷݣûҲû뱾һʡ
ֻ˵ϲһˣǺˣ˵ǽİơ
ͣƿʲô
һЦ˵˱˵ǸŮӣȻˣˡ
ټڹ֪Էݡ
Ժ󣬱ˮ
ҲƵ飬Ȼǲᣬ˵ȥףڣ˵Ҫùͼ޸ұô֪ҪȢƣȻܰݣ
(δ)

ھŰٶʮ 

ûܴùȷʵһѪ㲻Ǻܺã˵Ҫǲܸһ𣬲ȢΪޣѪȾɽҪ촦˵֮޲죬һգж̤ƽҴĹ
ãȻˣǺأ
˵ĸҲСˣĸ˴ӵ˹⣬ȥʱӻȥʱҲû˵ʲôûͻˣˣ
Ĭˣ
㲻ûҪġ
Ͼ˿ǡ
ô˵үҪ
ˣ컯ǰԵˣαҪǻסԵȻỳģ䱾ǱǺܵù
ǸǻԼˣܲˡ
ŮһҪ޸һ˵ģû£ҲǱĴи͵ˣʱǱǾͲǷˣ
Ƿˣ̫թˡ
˴ȥŮŰѷȥ¡
ճ𣬷Ʊ㿴ſվŵİ࣬뵽ҵ飬ȥࡣ
ҺЩô
ҡͷûУһҹû˯ҽڿʴȥ
ƻͷ۸ոûĵĸŮˣת˹ȥ
˰޵ϣȥңʮˣҽ߸඼̷ˣ˵ʴ
Ҹ㿴£Ҽ飬˵ȥɡ
ȫȥˣ˵Ҹһ·ߣҵָܻˡ
񣺡ʴ˵
ӣһӣĵС壬츳Ҹһţڼõָ⣬֮ҵŸ㣬ҪǼͿ档
ȥȥԼдŸ㡣
ߵһߣֽдһ֣ңһۣûа
ȥ֪Ҫȥģд֣뵽д˻粻д㲻Ҫд˰ɡ
˵꿴۰ࣺ֪ҿĺأҲҪģҪǻңʹȥʱСӦøӦҵ⡣
࿴һңԥƬ̣ȥұ̷Ը˸ߣŻȥ͹̡
үҲûȥˡ
š
ԭҲûǿġ
̫ˣƲס
ߵǰۿҪˣѾˣǲĿǲ뿪ģڷӥҲ£үʱǰɡ
꣬ܿͻ
үģүû£Ǿû¡ſڹϣһһ§ǡ
뿪忴ŷƣȻȥˣƱԼҲչ˺Сơ
š
Ƶת뿪ߵſڷ˵ү£һҲһҪȻһоͶˡ
ûֻǿŷƣôһᣬתߡ
ƿ˼׷˳ȥȥѾˡ
ӥ˵ڳȥü
ƿ۷ӥҡҡͷȥҲģҪ£ûʮ겻ܵģʱˣ᲻ߣҸĺȣ
ӥ۷ƣվʲôû˵
վһʱתȥȥͿӣ޵۾ˡ
иŮء
ƲûȰ⣬¿Ź̿ޣһŢ̣ͷƣΪβޣ
Ҳˣο̿޲˵æŲˣ˲ӡ
Ҳûпޣֻû˯ѣһȥ˯һᡣϻȥȥˡ
˵˯ױɵӣǰ㣬ѵû˵˯ױɵӣ
ŵòᣬţŷƿ
ƺЦǸӣúŪ
һ·Ŵķߣﱧҡ
ףҿ첻ˣܸоõԽԽˣ¼ֲˣףҲã³ç£Ż
Ժ󣬸ײҪΪУҲϣΪС
˵Ҳµġ౧ңûԼĺӣģҵĶӡ
̫˹塣
ҡͷҪҪһ£ڲ죬Ѿסˣûа취ˣ˵ҵǸˣҲʶ
ףߺҪúõչԼҲТ
һܵӲƭˣ
£סҡ

(δ)

ھŰٶʮ սǱȻ

ǰʮĵطһ߿ٸ϶˵С壬һ㣡
Сſ˵һˣһ٣Ҫ죡
Ȼҵ飬һ·ǰ·
ʱС忴ͣ·ߵ̧㣺ǡ
һСǰȥǴҵˣǰة
ס̧ͷɱڣſѾҴ˳һѱСɱ˹ȥС˿δȻգȴҲûС
ĽۿҪСǣһѽһȥס˰Ľѽϴ΢˼ͣס
ϴѾСǰࡣ
࿴ϴ󣬵мֹӣĶӡ
࿴һӰΧ˱㻤סǿΧ˸Ϳˡ
תС˵Ƿǰ׵أ
һ£óţתŽСǣСһۣϴϴһۣСһɡ
š
ﴫС°ɣġ

೹סȻ֪ļӶ˲ãϾЩжŹļѾ£û뵽ģ
ٴδҵģס
һ£ѸȥСţѾ
Ű˵ףûˣ
š
ϲ繬һģС壬סǣ
̵硣С˵ȥҸоȫų
˳һû˵ͿϵļˣС˲ϣ׼ȥ
ԥһȵҡ
СתҪߣ
ʴ˵ҪȢ̣ҪǵһأȻҪߣϿɡ
С忴۰ࣺأ
תƿӹ£ף֪ңС㴫գõʦԽҵ
ҲҪúТףǷŮ£վҪµĵط
ҪȥҪȢƿ븸׳ȫ
ȥɣչ˺Լ
Ұݱ𣡡
ҿͷ˿СС岻⿴һۣŤͷߣСһЩһѱסС壬Ȼȥ
ǰֻﳾȫޣעԶòŻص뿪
ȥ·Ϲ·ͣƿӿȥٹȥͷ˵Ѿû£Ҳ㹻ˣ㲻ҪʳԣȻҲŹ㡣
תᣬŻȥ
ص˷ʹư龭߷ơ
Ʋ⣬ֻǿ۰ʣǲǾãº⣿
Щ಻òϷһҵ档
Ҳֻǿһ۰ࣺʹǰļ䣬пҲˣʵҲûʲôֵġ
ֻةûУºϾñطַ־ñغϣ
񣺡ûҲмĻҵǻڻʴҲԭķʽͳȥǧԸ⡣
ֻܹзȻı֮أǻʴңзŹĿܣƫƫʴңǾһŹةûΪأ
ʰ࣬ãΪʴ
ǣΪӣǴҪһͳûļʮ꣬꣬ķ½ϻɱսңΪΣҲˣ˽
飬ô
˵ͷס
γû飬γûվ顣
ȻѾȥ꣬԰˵ʮʱ޿̲˼գֻûģºҲûл
룬ǻҲãÿ͵͵͵͵ߣûʲô춯صĴ£Ҳûʲôɻ
ڣ˶꣬ǸᣬûģҪɡ
ƿͨƵģ˵ûʲôˣ⼸ƿܻѹ죬ȻѾû£ҷİɣȻúõģСȻƢŹһЩзִ磬ҵƿʲôϵСúչңȻСҴˣͻܰȫ㻹ҪԵɡ
ɣʲô⣿
ЦʹŶû뿪ǶҪɢʴ͹Ļ£ȡ֮°ةˣ
ѾܾˣԴ²ûзϣ¶Ѿܾˣ߱ǡ
(δ)

ھŰʮ ֮·

ܾ˶ѣةةô꣬ܲĳЩܰȰ˰ɣ
סʣǻʴ˼ǣǻ
۰ֹࣺҪû´һһܾ֮󣬾ͻװһ뿪ЩǼǿ뿪ͻ׼£һЩԱùԱڳϱȱʴ͹ԼΪףҷӡ
Ҳ£ة࣬Ϊةڷݵλˣ߹˱ʴ
ȵ˻飬ʱˡ
Ϊة࣬ةѵЩû
ʱ򣬲˭õ˷֣Լ壬ʲô뿪
˼Ƭ̣ˣڵҲܶ࣬ҪӦЩˡ
ة׾ͺá
תΪѹһֱڴûḶ́ûоΣվͻûˡ
˵ȥ׼
һξܾˣڶβϾܾҪǣҪӰ£ѾҪʱ䣬֪ġ
ԥһ£Ҫ͹֣
࣬¼飬ܾģҲЩдˣϾֻһˣһôܸıأ
ûУһˣȴõõĶԭͲһѰ顣
еǣ˵ӵ֮ϣ˵࣬˵ΪһŮˡ
ǵûҲǵΪʲôأ
Ϊ˲żüãΪ׳־
߼ӣΪ£ԸΪıơ
һֱ̫ƽҪǧ꣬ôξðᣬʮĻжʮãŶʮͻ̫ƽˡ
üʮ껻¼伸İݣսңıԡ
ıңǲĹˣΰȢȥ
յĿľȢң
ȢҾǵõ£Ȣ֮ǰƱصõ£պ뷨ıϣʵʮǰѾҪķ½ͳһˣֻ赲ĽŲݵĹӣ¿ΪͿ̿ˡ
ô˵ǱȻˣ˵˾ϻ̽ѾˣȻǿǴѾڸλڿơ
಻ʮʱôǿһңŮ۵ĸҲȫ˹壬һжͰźõģðܾЩ簲źõġ
ףǲܵģҲ˵һж⡣
Ҫǰة಻ҲǿԵģھ͹ɽ֣ذةûܹҵةģҲһʽ򣬾ǹ˳ҷԸ˳ĻӵķϣǲģǷϾһң˲ô˳ĴҲô˳ǽӹ˹˳ķɱǻС
Թų棬ǰ׹ۣ˺ǷҲû
ʣʲôõĴô
һҪģ˳Ͷ翪սǱ²Ҳô鷳ˣˣֱһ㣬ֻģҪ÷İ֪ǹƼҲڵģֻȥͬѡ
ة࣬ڷӦ֪ڷĲȰɡ
ȻڴŮûȨ˵أıصҲӵģжٻġ
⼸˺ܶ࣬Ǽ곯ϲǻô
˵ףŮӶãڷжˣ¼ˡ
ѵةûҪıЩô
룬ƿҵ³أ
ʴǸɶõĺӣةע˱ѧ̵ӣƿĽֻǺһȦڼÿֻЩȡŮӵ飬ҪԺһȺӹͬӵһӵˡ
µĺӣȷҪһʲôĵ·ﻹϿ̸
תȥؿڵһۡ
ˣҲˣأǴЩԹôʴΪ˴ҰΪʲôأҵΪôѾ뿪˰
תƣƵǲΪȻΪԼĿ÷ŮƽȣǺܺô
ҡͷҺѹʲô𣬷˻ҡ
ǡǡ෴ѷһ㣬ͲΪˣ˱ѷȻ飬ЩһˣͬҪѷΪûаǵ˿ѹȵ̫ˣֻѹܵõϡ
һǵõϣǲŻãطļֵ˵Ĳô
࿴ŷƣҴ֪ˣ֪Ϊ𾪡
𾪺˭ЩǰǸСˣȻǽܲˡ
(δ)

ھŰʮһ ˻鹬

Ѿ̸ʲôʣô
Ҷܵʱ򣬴ǣڼ䣬һϾ˵ǣ˵ĻȺҲᶯҡͻʩѹֻ˵ͶһҪΪ˳Ӧģʱ㵹ǿŲֻҪȷ˶ͷŻôԥ
ĸϵ飬嶼ȴǣΪ˭ҲӣȵѶʱҲͲҲˡ
࿴ŷƣĳ־ȥɱ㣬ǲǾͲˣ
ҡͷǸĻµˣôһ죬ƽ£ٰ㴦Ȼ׷һ𡣡
ת뿪Ѿ޻˵ȥҲ
ƿŴһֱĵḶ́ȥ
ŷƣڵǺһҪ
ȻǣԲҪ£ܲҪǡ
ΪʲôҪ̣
Ϊǵǡ

Ҫƽ£Ҫðǰҵģķ½泣սܿŲܣЩ껹ʱ򣬾ʮ߰꣬ȢҵʱʵҲûôı֣뷨ҲԽԽˣ֪ģֻͳһطаҵˣһҲҪô
ֻǸµˣҲҪˣοĸƤ̫Ӳ߸ʱ򣬻Ҫɱ
ֲǸ˽ˣαҪأ
̫ӣһ̫ӣˣһӾܰˣҺ
ϣʱıӹҪ˺һҪ
̵ͷ࣬Ҳˡ

ٳ׵飬Ҫס
ƷʣȻҪףкôҪϣʲôܱȹΪأ˵׼ôһ죬Աء
ôΪǹҰģҹĻʴҲǻʴĽ㣬ƴߵģǴ߲ñ㴫جģƻʴ˴˼ʬҲ˵Ҫȥʬ⵽ܾ˵ʬѾˡ
ڳһжǹıƣҪҷͻʴףܵ顣
˼˵ϡ
ƿһᣬƵ·ʱǾɾ·ȥҪһˣպҲûл˵ˡ
ƿһˣ˵ɡ
ǻȻһ̧ͷѾ׼뿪ķƣҧҧһᳯײȥвơ
ƿͷѪˣֻǵĿƬ̣תˡ
֮һȷ˻ֿʼˣһ²ΪƵɿڶƽϢβǳϵĴǣǷİǣҲʼȷƣԭȻǲ룬ڱı¡
ƵǲΪȻֻǹѾϢĴѾļſڣ׼սˡ
ΪϹ壬Ϊ˸ѻ𣬲ŻӦǵҪ󣬴Ӧ˻飬ѡ׵Ķ
дһԼź࣬ͳȥ
һߴǿʼżҪѰҪ׵ĶˣңȻΪǿֻҪϣֿܵסĹ򣬼ϷŮۺǷޣ˵ĽѾٳͷľƣҲӦúףϼס
һ̫Ľͳ˺׵ѡ
ĽʱҲ⣬һӣϲ⣬ȻǱƳˡ
Ľ㳯ŵذߣҪȥ͸˵¡
ûţĽͣˣ˼ʲôȽᣬôôþʹӦˣ
Ľת̫ʦ̫ʦԥһ£˵Ǳһˣʴǲͬ׵飬ٹѾǶȱƹˣȥ֪һǰѾдײ˴棬˵ĻףʵҲǱȵİɡ
Ľ룺һǺΣȻǾԲܴӦġ
뵽ЩĽЩۣʮˣûټεļ浱˳һ
˵˲ڵʱΪƭ˵ģ֪ȥ˼δд̽˶ٴΣվûã˵ˣˣһҹͷ׷ǲǼٵģҲһƬš
ʱص֯˹˵ǼǳأǴпܱʱҲѹʲôû
(δ)

ھŰʮ Ѿս

ĽЩƽǲĿĵģǶܴ⣬ȥʣϢϣõģԵһ棬ܷΪʤʹԭҲǵˡ
Ľæ۵޹ȻǻϣѾ겻ᳯ͢ϵˣһľҲȣΨ⼸û̹
ʲôܵļꡣ
ʣĽȥǰۿһĽŰѲ¡
£
ʣӦˡĽʮ˷ܣϾлȢǸŮˣζ顣
۳Ƭ̣ǵ˰ͺĽͬ
ô˵ҪˣҪֵľ
ʣʲô˼ĽϲñɢҲˡ
ϴλ˵ʴǵǸѾͷһǲֿܷģǿɲʲôöԸˣ϶ǲèأ޿ǱȻҪķ½ģôɡ
֮ǰǷϣҲǺˣû뵽Ѿͷˣ۷ʱ͵ˣҪڵĻֵܵסǸһԴΪأıʤ㣬㲻ͬظ飬ʮĥ£ǶԸһԣԸǸ廹ЩǷȱѾͷˣûˣ
ǻҪ˻ôܾĽȻвʣǺѵõĻᣬΪտǣҲԡ
룺ҪϲȢɣڲȢˣ´ƵģԽǲԽңҲʹˣ䣬޶ʲôµĻҲ޵ﶪ˽ɽˣ
ֻ׺ô󹬲ǻλ̫ôѵǿͬˣ
Ҳû˵ʲôҲϲǣǸΪ˹̽ɽ׼ģǱȵġ
ߣ˵úޱȢˣޱ˯ˣǣҵأ
ҲǲԸģǸǿˣ˵Ҫ֦ɢҶģʱҲѾˣȻأ
Դİһ鶼ﵽ޵ϣô˵ûҪй㲻Ȣˣ㵱вһ˵Щ㣬Ѿͷ˵Ѿͷţ
ӶӣĽĲ᣺ô죿
ҹܲˣҪȥףҪ̫˵˵ģûϹڣҪҲͲɣ¡
أӦô
ﴦˣҵ飬ʲôͬ⣬ͬ⣬ĴǻͬģʲôһƶĽãǾҲûдˡ
ӵ˻ź۰źˣ»Ҫ֪Ṭģź˼ۣ˵۸Ǵû˰ɣȻʱ˻顣
źɫ
ۿһۣ¿ɿ¸Σ
øҪ¿˴βս£𾩳ǵͻ¼밲򾩳ǡ
޲۴ʱЩǣû˵ķӦ
˿ۣϣ۸ǣûǶȻ˵ģ˻ǻк棿
ɫãҲ˵ûҪǲǵɫ˳Ц
¿ŮٿۣһҲǸϱġ
ϱһۣʲôˡ
ɣȥţ˻֮£Ҵ棬Ȼ¶ˣܲȥǾʹʼҲ֪Ҵ˻Ĵۡ
ּ¿תȥЦЦȥϵ۶С˵ʲô۶һ죬ȻǺܵ⡣
ĽҪ׵̫˵ˣλ̫û֣ܴȵĶӦˡ
϶ǳɴµˣȻʱֳЦ
ں׵ķƣһӶѣҲںֻҪסһô
ôҲͲˡ
ܿ׼˺׵飬ڳ֮󣬶ñȥףȰ齻ˡ
Ľܿ㶯ǰĽ̫ʦ˵ܿۿŶȥıӰǸҲͷˡ
ߣǲ
սһ£̫Ա֮Ľȥף
Ľż׵飬͵˷ʱʹѾս
սĽڽҪȥ
(δ)

ھŰʮ ɽ

˵սˣ۰࣬˵ڿսˡ
ĽǲѾˣ
ˡ
Ǿ֣ΪʲôƶĽѵĽҲ뷨
ȻҲųܣҪ˵뷨ҲֲңĽǼʱǸģĺܡ
μ棬˺ܶ࣬Ҳˡ
˵ı⣬ȻҲһЩܶࡣ
Ϊʱ಻⡣
һͷϾʤĿܣΪңȢȷʵҲԸģҪӻ
ۣ
۵ĶӲ࣬ɲŵֻĽ͵ĽݣĽӢţϧ̫磬ĽǺһִˣ۸˺ܴѪۿĽһС
ս̫һսףڵľƣĽĽֻ·һ
Ļô۶ӣˣˣ˵һıסΨһѪˡ
ĽףǸᣬܻ
˷Ҳȥο̲Ǽ飬ѵܴô
˻Ҫһʱ䣬Ϳ벻ˣҪò˶ãܴľǣҲ۵һǣ˽⹬ģʮ꣬ˣĵҲˣȻ˼ӹ塣
ʮǰʶȥΧĻİɱˣҲͲнˡ
ʮǰ뿪˴ʱСƵʱСƳǰѾ˷ӥˣʱ̱壬Ϊ֪п϶˻Ҫɱ塣
ʮǰһٴǹȻһι˧ʮʱ򣬾˵ɨƽһдΧСЩҲðÿ
ʱʮ꣬ʮųɣѾɨƽ߹ַˣʵǺܴвˣֻǲ֪Ļʵ̫ˣûʶȻ˹
ǹЩǵڶźţǷŮۣʱҲ׷Ź壬Ϊ֪Ǹ
ҲľˣҶûжεʱ򣬾ʮǰС֮ǰһ¶Ұġ
ȻǷϣҪȴ¶˺βͣҪһͳ£Ͳ·ǳأĴǳˣĿľҪôôıǿʢ
ֻǵĸַߣҲֻһѡ
ҵΧ˷ӥǡ
ҵĵһеǶΪĸʺͻʸǶԤ¡
ǴˣºϾñطַ־ñط֡
һҲˣȻĽɡ
֪֪һᷢ£Ǵģ֪ɱûᣬʱһжˡ
˯˯ʱûȥɱȥɱˡ

Ƴˣ֣ʲô
ΪˣΪ岻ˣˡ
ʱɱõʱ򣬽ûж֣ˣɱ˻ǵľİǸɵӣ벻ô࣬ʣˣƹʮǰǳȻ¶ˣΨʣ£岻ʣĽֲǹĶ֣ڵ򡣡
˶Ҫ಻š
ƿ۰ࣺǰкܶŲµ飬㻹û㶼Ųңοأ
Ƿ޶Ļ죬úõΪʲôҪĹң
һͳһˣͿˣö겻սˣʲôõġ
ûʲôõģҲֻúðɣ
ֻһЦ˾ͺã
̫ˣûаֻϧҲ֪ܲꡣ
պĽǣӭӣڹ
Ľżȥż˷ƺûȥȴôȲ
һ죬Ľˣʴأ
ʴ⼸ȾˣûȾҪܼ档˹
ĽɫҶ£ʲô
ְ£ǻʴġ
ȥҲ¡ĽҪȥżϣѾսˣȥˣο߹ص飬ǧҲôš
ĽǵģҪǳˣȥҲˡ
˻ȥ棬˵ܼ棬ûȼ棬Ļھʹһǳء
ŷϵ˵ȴôȲ
ƽӼĽĽһɫӣſһ£漴ߵǰơ
ʾ˶ȥֻ°࣬ӥڳ
ǰһӣʾĽ£Ľ˼£ǼŻȥ
(δ)

ھŰʮ 

ƵˣĽ߽κε£ŷƿȥΪʲôôòżң֪֪ѾˣǲϣҲǣһ㶼żô
ƿĽĽݻڵʱǱҲΪȢҶƲܣҲ㣬ȻҲĵһұҪ޸ģҲ޸㣬Ȼ㣬ȴЩ
̫ӣʱڷ
Ϊ˺ף
ҪΪףôȴ
˵ʲô
ĽסҲǿ˵ڻȥüһһҪʮ죬ǳز⣬ҲףȻѾӦˣ¿֪ףҲԲң
ˣңȻ׹Ľױŭˡ
Ʋûж˵ʲôֻǿĽĽ޴ˣԼ룬Ҳס
ŷƵĽȻȫ׹ˡ
ĽתߣվĿĽ뿪Ľûлͷ۰ࣺʮ죬ƿҵ·ڹдңĽ뿪
У̫Σˣ
಻ͬ⣬ƲȰ˵ҵġ
࿴һ۹̣Ǹ㲻ͬ
ô֪ҲУҾǸӣҲǿ㻹ǲԼˡ
̿ƣ״ŷӥɣ·иӦ
̿վһԵķӥӥ˵չ˿Ҳãҡ
أСҪû㣬Ҳġƿ۷ӥתȥ⡣
ӥȥƵڵϷţȴѾˡ
ӥȥ£ת߳Ḷ́˵׵ı´أİɡ
ӥ¸ϣһЩ͸ˡ
ôüңŷӥȥϵ̶ӥһ£Щš
һЦΪ׽ҴʲôΪǸ񣬵Ѿսˣǵ£ǲӲġ
˵깬̵Ц𣬿Ű˫䵭ࣺϣܺú÷ײźãҪ֪ҸǵҲֻɵǱǰȥˣǸӣѵҵ߾Ͳˣò·һҪɱľӡ
˵ŭҾɱ㡣
ҲҪǸ²УڣҪɱҾɱңҪǲɱңɱҡ
̳Űȥ漫š
ؿ̳Ű߽ҲûãҲı䲻ʱ֣ʶʱΪܡ
ĻҵûдǱ׶̫һŶûУû˼Ҫ䡣
ȻڵʱӣôɣѲȫװģ
ҵ飬ͲҪˡ̿۷ӥתȥ
̨ϣ˵ּȥʱѾ֮ݶ
࿴۹̣㵹ǺܿӦˡ
ȻڴĹڶҪҵģ㵱ֻǸ
಻˵ӥңȥһʴҵĻʴܱԼ
أʴο׷ȥҲûа취׷ϣʴĹ֮ϡ
ӥҲ⣬û뵽ССķƻиĪ书ʮ꣬СҲô
ܾǰݲţ
û˵ʲôȷʵˣƲ̫ߣû취֪Ṧ飬Ҫ˵
࿴ſڣϣʴƽ
Ľӷ﹬뿪ܿصվԸȥ϶ȥ
ĽѾ̻ȥ˶࣬ȥеˡ
һû鷢ڶأ˶ʮˣסĽȥЩ˵Ĵ磬ˣĽϣ֡
ʲôˣΪסҵȥ·
Է˵һ£
ʼʹɱ֡
Ľˣǧһ֮ʣ˵סһµˣñӣһѽǻסĽ˲佫ȫɱ
Щ˴ˤϡ
ĽδһƥѾܵߣϣ˶ӣĽϵˣסô㣿
ȥ
ƿĽˣѾȫˡ
ĽüΪʲôǹɣ
ҪôӵֶΣЩ˷㸸ʵģ㸸ȥ˰ˣ
˹壬ʲôҪɱңôĽɫ䣬뵽ˣˣҪصֲףߣȴֻǿһۣһӣѾٱܣ
(δ)

ھŰʮ 

ĽܳʱŸȥһֱ˼ʮͣڷȥϢˮ߳ĸ
Ľһ춼˺ܶ飬֪ΪʲôȻˡ
£ĽǸģķƣΪʲôңﲻǸãǴûһš
˸ͷĽݣǵȻϣţӰ˵֮·ҪˣΪѣһѹ
Ҫ˽һ㣬ֻôһʱ䣬ΪԼġ
ĽŷƣܾòŰͷ˹ȥͷĽȴûԣԲȥ
תˮ棬ְͷӵˮȥˡ
ûԣΪһŮˣҶˣ
ŻȥһϣץסЮ϶˵źһˮĽȥȻЦһ¡
㿪Цô
ҲǿЦ
ǲΪҪ̣
뷨̵ĿľΪ˲̣ǰҪսҼ꣬Ǽʮ꣬Ϊңֻһ㣬Ҫ֧ţҲڣôҲû˼ڲһ㣬Ҫ£ҲֻվڸߴʢƽǬ
ĿҲ˵ֻߴһʵ²ģϣսңǶҵ뼸ɡ
ЦѵҾͲô
ڹˣô־ʿֹǿͺǿҲܱϲ̣ͺʮǰͷϵʱǲսô
˵Ͳٴˣô֪Ͳ˲췴Ľ߷߲ƽ
Ƿ߷߲ƽ򲻶ǣֻܵϢǵˣҲʼˣ䣬ķ½Ĺ̩񰲣ƾʲôȥ̣˭ȥ̡
һ⹴ĶǣΪһҺ󣬲ôҲңҾͺǺӲˣΪĸǳ⣬ܿͻʵˣսңҪģúõ
ĽȷʵûҲ𾪵ġ
ŷƷƬ̣תȥˮ棬ȻЦЦЦſˡ
ƲĽҲûи˵Ľһᣬż·һϣ˳˶ɱˣҵĻĽϵĵֻܹսʲôùܡ
˵ڵϷתһĽסֻ˫¶˶Ľſ뿪
ŵ߾˵ץһлᡣ
Ľʲôû˵תߡ
˸ĽϣĽŹϵңתѾȥ
ңһš
ǷƸһ취ԱסĲôѿ
Ľת뿪תŽȥĽ
Ľܿ쵽ʹȴڽȥǰȥ˵Ѿ棬ڷǱƺģ˵ȫԸһҪѴ׻塣
Ľһŭ֮£ɱ˽죬ӲҪȥȴڹڱΧˡ
ʣȥĽŭ
ȴ̫̫ĽһЦ̫ѾڣͷѾ˻ձҪ͸̫ƽ㵨ð̫ӣõˣ
󵨣㵨Ҽٴʥּ·̫ӣˡ
֪˵ʲô̫ȻЩĿ׺ݣͺ֮ǣĽȥһ̡
ĽŭҸأ
֪˵ʲôһð֮ˣĸʣҪʻϣںõúܣϢ
ɱˣ̫ЩҼ뷢ĽΪˣʱһӰǰپһֲݵٶһȦм
䵽ϣ̫һЩҲ֪ΪʲôȫڵϻԲѡ
ƵĽǰ̫еһֱֻȥ̫ˣ͸̫ؿڣ̫ûվס˫˵ϡ
Ľһ£ƣ㲻ˣ
ƿһĽģߡ
˵۵޹ȥ
޹ϹһƬ˿޵Ĳӣ˯ˣһֱûѹ
̫ӣϻϡ
Ѿ
ĽȥУݿ޺ûаϢĽȥһס۵֣ʡ
ۺ޷Ӧߵ۵ߣס顣
ӦжˣҪŵѪ֪ʲô
ưѵó۷Ѫתȥʼо
һʱоˡ
óϵҩ裬ȸ۷£漴˵׼ݡ
ĽϷԸƸңͣ
(δ)

ھŰʮ ʲôҪ

۾Ľһ£˵ȻǱ޸߹ˣǰȥˣôĺӣһ㣬ôͲԸأ
ۺܲӶˡ
һսһֱΪȨս󲻵ˣҪ׷ͺڷˣô˵
úõûô˵ˣУǺûãĽûġ
۰ŷӦתͷߣһūţȫˣм̫ˣҪɱˣҲɱôɾ
ԥţһµķơ
ŷƵ۵һѾͷô
˵޺Ľæŷ
˵ѵǵңǼ滹Ƕŵġ
һЦ޵Ǿã棬ֻûżǻŵʱ򡣡
۰ָƣҪȥ
Ʊȥȥۻܼ֣˹ȥ
ס˷Ƶ֣ҧҧһڿˮϸƵ˵Ҽʱ򣬾ڵӣ̫ˣô
ΣȥôˣαػҪأ
ô⣬ұԸãûʵۣ޽ģȴ˶Ҫ֮ǧ׵ĴۺԹ
Թ˵飬ǿŮϣ˵ʲô˵ʲôջˮǵôǰ˵۵ɫˡ
һĽ˵ô˵
Ҫ˵ôһҪб£һŮ˾ܻô˵ǾãΪϴƸŮˡ
㻹˵Ľŭڡ
ƿۣòǣ
ԥ˰죬˵Ҫô˵ȷʵûãŻζƸŮˣ޳ϡ
޾̫ûˣҪãͲøˣǸ쵰޵Ľɽ޵Ůˣ˵ˣûãá
ĽﲻǺƷЦˡ
֪ɼѾˡƲǹάô롣
۵ǲ˵ʲôˣЬڵߣ˫ţȥƣûˣ
ôôþûˣƿɲǵİˣֻһӣûôҽЩҲı䲻˵
ϲ֮飬û취ıġ
һ£Ц
Ц£ۿһ޵ˣĽʱ㲻Ҫȥɡ
Ľ˵Ѿˡ
һ£Ľʣô뵽ͣ
һѼˣһսûĳ·ˣ;ζǧ
ҪˣԳܣһ̫ӻᣬ·ܳǧպأ
Ҳȫǣ˵ġĽ۷ƣ۵ǲмһˣǲ
ѾϰˣЩ˵ĸмǱϵģЩ˵ĻҲǱϵģԲֵȥ⡣
ۿƣǲΪȻȷʵѾͷܴ
ȻѾˣǾ͵ȴĻָɣҲܾûˣڶҪȥȥɣѾͷޡ
Ľһ۷ƣת뿪
Ľߺ۽ߵ˶ȥȥ£Ƹ¡
޻жõˣ֪Լ壬ȥûʲô֧Ųסˡ
ǰĺãҲ꼻һ֡
Ҳûڵ壬Ҳʮµˣ˵ʮҲˣӦòʲô⡣
۰춼ûзӦӦʣܱסô
ҡͷܣľ˸ı䡣
ץס㣬вأ
ǰѹһ꣬Ҳı뷨ƽ£úأʱ֣˵һжѾɶΪκ˸ıΪҾἸգվҪѾϲòһѣ㲻ɱңɱңͿ̿ǴˣΪΪտǣðЦԶһѣ㵱ɱңʹһʱ䣬ȴӰ쵽Ĳ
۳Ƭ̣ô죬Ҫ޿Ϊ⣬ôȥڣ
취ҲûУеġƺ˿ˮۼŰƻش𣬰ƲشûһᣬȿڣȻҲżڣһڿڵĺˮ
ֻʣ˵ɣʲô취
ȻѾûȥˣǲͳһ㣬֮ĺãˣ˾ͻ᲻ϵ㣬뱣ӣ˵ء
ǰ˵Ѿ׹ʵҲôģֻܲıϣ⡣
ҪͶˣᱣסô
ʱô棬ҪӵҪ
(δ)

ھŰʮ Ҵһ

۵ͷһֱޱǸǿٱΪ޿Բϧһеı֪һŮˣ޵׹ԭ˽ġ
޵˽Ȩ۷壬õŮˣΪԼϲףͲһеȥˣ첻ܵأһֱƲΪһŮ˽ɽˡ
޵ôҲ⣬Ȼ׹ʵûʲô𣬶˽ģֻǲͬˡ
ҪͶҪޱ֤ɱ˰ʧȥӣʧȥĻˡ
Ҳܸ㱣ֻ֤ˡ
ɣ뱣֤Ҫ󻯳ҲҪɱ㡣
һۣѱвңοҪȥ棬ȥôǵôвң
һΪ٣ŻѪôܣ
ɱԼñˣЩνķṦΰ˽
ɱ°׹ڣ㲻µ˭µ
οְģĻһӵȨɱȨ϶Ҫµġ
ҪµǹҲҪµ
߲ѡ
˵Ҳµһᾡܵ꣬Ҳûߣʮɱ¾ʮβˣҾ˵ģǻ˵ȫȻǻֻأͶ̥
Ϊɱôɱ˵ľɱ˵ģܵ
µһҪµģǡ
û˵硣
˰һᣬʣͶɣҪңҪǲͬ⣬ǵһˡ
ƲŹǻء
ҩۣȳԣϣ㹻ãҪ㰾Ǹʱ򣬵ùľˣţӲŲᱻ
ۿһҩ裬͵
ϲаһ̣ΪΪĽҲòˡ
ףĽӣ۲ͶʣһˣҲҪ
һҪģ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
ͶҲδǳ·
ܿյ͵飬򿪿һۣּ۹˳ɱɱְǮңţΣȫҴƣһͳҴʵͳһ
ǴӦɱѪ
ɫ΢䣺⻹ʲô·㲻ǰ·ϱô
ƼһӲдʲô˼⡭
Ĺּ
ʮպյ˻飬ӵһߣĿȻȻϷһ·Ǿʹɡ
㾡һսº﹥ʹڷƵ£߳
ۿŹƮѩһЦʮգŵڣѾѵˣҪл㡣
ûлشŶľӣ׶ûǻ鴩һףƽܴһףǶͲСˡ
һ·ƣ˴Ӧ޵ĻҪš
İɣġ
˵ѾȥˣӹǰȥһЦ벻㵽׻Ǵˡ
ѾܾûˣȺѰźˣȴûҵ
Ľȥ·̧֣ϣǶöƵס壬뷢Ľʮ˵Ѫ棬ʹۿŶӵ£Ҳûжһ¡
ĽȥȥעŹ壬ǰٵ׼ΪжٵľһԹҲֻк⡣
嵽ǰͣ£һ°ɫĳ£»ӵѪֶĿ䣬һͷ׷һ˿
Ǹħһ۹ĴЦ壬޽㣬ȫŧѪãú
Ȼȥ䳤һ̴۵壬۳ſڹļϣһȻ˵Ķԣ־£ں
ֻü˵Ϳ̿ʹŮӻᰲãҲߣƴ
ű۾ڵϡ
ʹݣһս쿪ʤ
ռȴĽʬ塣
ȥҹ壬Ѵ塣
ӹ˹ȥңѻڿųȥ׷ȥ
ڳͣţƿӿ²Ƴ˲١
ȫмĽ˵үء
ӷ£û˸ϵȴǷɳһٱߡ
Ӻ׷ȥӲû׷ϣƵм磬û׷ϣϵļ硣
(δ)

ھŰʮ ʹթİ

Զû׷תȥ顣
ǲҲ˵һйڷƵ飬Էƺѹʵİһģһ
鲻ʲôֻأǹ⣬Ȼʲôԭ
Ѿˡ˵Ѿ뿪Ҫƣ׷˳ȥϧȥӰû׷ϡ
ȥ·ϻˣһֱ岻塣
ҽһ·ϽСܷ
ʲôҲžʹ򡣡
ǲ£ҪŮȥˣ
̰Ҷ˵һ֣Ůߡ
Ƶҩͣ£ĽѾ˯˼죬ϵļȥѪֹ̫ۣ࣬·;ҲǾһ
ǿżֵҩȡ
غľҩſڵţƴñ
ưغľ޶סˡ
ӵƵţǻЩţôֻأƣˡ
ľ޿ߵƵǰ㣿
ҪߣǶˣĽ̫ӣҪѾסˣҪǻѣֻܿˡ
ؿ߰ɣڵڴ̣Ҫ꣬˵ĺףǶ֪ߡ
ľһסƣУ㲻ܾôˣҪúÿ㡣
ҪˣƢһû䣬ûˣҾ㡣żȥɡ
ľ֣·Сģ
ã
תȥǱߣжغľȥˣȷˣȥĽͽܰĻ̌
ʩ룬ĽУסļ䡣
ͲѰˡ
뿪²ŻصȻڽ״̬֮У̲ûаѷңǵҪô졣
ƻص﹬ϻݡ
ף㳤ˣ̻ûʴأôͻҲ˵㣬˵𻰹̲Щʧ䡣
һ۾ܿŮ˼Ҳȥʰ顣
֪ܣѾǺˣҲúǼŭһԭҪϣֻֿܵ塣
ڵǵ£Ͼ˵սɡ
ڹ̣ϣҲǹĶ֣ϣºҶҪе
ǲϣҪԼҲϣȻҲǺϣһﱸҲܴǹһǹȻУǾİϴ˾ܴˣֻ»ûҪͶˡ
ŴġѾǹӴˡ
㲻˽İˣǸԴˣӢʵˡ
ѾӦˡһΣŴӦģ˭֪ƾͻˡ
ƿ࣬ɸ֣ҪϣҷǿԿӦñ̸УȻ֪򲻹ƴǲӽˮˣ
ס˵ʴӦ
Ҳ幥ռʹһ仰û˵ҾͻˣѾܵĺܿˣ̫ˡ
һˣ
أҲ뵢飬Ҫ취Ӧ
ûбİ취ȼɣоʹɣֻǷ׳սҪǹսǾͲ
ǹΪʲôս
ϻҪսҶˣһȻҪͶȻսܺܶˣ˵ˣȥͶǵҲ˳Ӧġ
Ȼ򣺡ʴ˼ǣǴ򣬵ǶսͶˣֱͶ
ǷŮˣ岻ǣҵĹϵҲҪЩӡ
ں޲ѣʴ˵
ûȥҲϴСˣǷة࣬ЩҪҸ㣬Ҹɴةˡ
౻ɫࡣ
ƿһ۹̣Сƣ
סһˣƽȴʹ졣
ƻ񣺡ǾİʵǸɵӣΪǵĺܣʮ꣬ҲǹķչǷչȻȴǸǿɵľҪСߵҪûҲн죬˵ô
̵ͷףҪİϣסҪμľףĻ͵Ƿˡ
ûСȣһ²Ҫ̻
ûģǸİϵ˵ѶԸˡ
ˣܴ⡣
š
̴Ӧߣ˵ӥߣ
ӥһ۷ƣӦ˳ȥ
(δ)

ھŰʮ 

࿴Ź̳ȥƣⳡʵſ˴򣬱ʤɣҪ˵ļӣĸŮҲ쿪ʤֺαҪأ
ΪҲ֪Ϊ˷أ̲ǲǴ̣ǰ޹ģǲΪʲôҪ̣Ͱةһġ
࿴ŵ˵ǽҪȿսˡ
ҪϣǾҪùȥǹǾİȻԸȴǸСµˣĴҲŲҪ󣬵ǾҪ򡣡
ǻʴ
Сȥϣȥ˼ٰǵˣȵİ뿪װ˺СƣСȻᴫ壬ɢҥԣİСңͼܣ˺Сơ
ôСƣȹǹģһ֮ʱͶ
һĻǿ£
ƿࣺҪΪңҲ
Ҳǡ
ȥİϣȥu͡
׼ϣuͺ;İϲʱʱȣҶûйʱȥ룬Ľʱ򣬹Ϳʼˣ˶ҵġ
Ƴ֣u￴һĵطڷƵĹڡ
ϵu֪ˣתŴϿȥƴŻɫķۣͣһ£ĿӣŴ
һ߸ţ˵ة࣬ҺƵѣȥɣǵˣҡ
ǡ
һ뿪ƴ̨ȥӣƱȥˣ²̧ͷuͣuһֱѲŷƿֱ£ȥһ¡
ʮһˡuڵͣЩЦ
ʮˣʮ˶Ȼ࣬ˣ˵ܴ
ƿ˻uͣɾ˰ɣ˵˵ڵƣôⳡ̣
uԥһ£Ѿˣֻ˼µʱ䣬ñҲûˣھͿܳŶˡ
ͶƲu͵Ļ˼
룬ֻҪƹİû£Ը˳ҪɱңɱǾɣԸ˳ֻҪ˺ƹ񡣡
Ƶû뵽uͻôǴˣԸ˳Ҳ˺գǴʴˡ
ҪĽͺˣαôء
һЦҪϹ˳Ҳ˳պþͽĹˡ
ôþ͹˳ôվİϳٳٲĿˣΪ㣬ذɣ
Ҳ˵ʲô˵﹬ûҴתת
á
ƴŬuתһȦѾҹˡ
İϼЩ⣬û˵˵ڹôˣ㲻ˣǰɣ
İΪǷƣûôĹ˼ɡ
ӥɫѿİϣ͸ɾһЩ
İüɫã󵨣˵ģ
ӥָİϣöԿƶЩҪ˵ȻҪѪ
ŵòᣬ۷ǱߣǰƵתҲ˵ḡӥôû
ϣ㲻ҪϵģµģοʴͻС˵ḡ
סİС˵İ˦ˡ
λϲģҲҪ嶯Ͼõ
ԲӥŽ¡
Сƿ۷ӥȥһ£˵ϵģٷϻ
İһã겻ô˰ǸŮ
Сüôˣˣ
ңֻƢܲãպ޲ȥˡ
Сߣ˵ɣǴϣʲôʱս
սǴӳ飬οսҲûôҲ͹ΪУɷսȻ⡣İ˵ͷͷǵСȴһģǲҪ
İ£СʣǴͶ
Ȼǣҿϣȥ򣬱Ͼ֮ǰйڣϵͲã˼ۺ԰ɣ
ҪǴأô죿
ҪǴˣһˡİҪ÷ȴ򣬵˵ʲô˵
СȻô˵ȻȥˣǴˣǷսʱͶ
˵Сƾߣİû뵽չô˳תȥѾˡ
ô룬òԾ
̳Ÿŷӥȥȵ˳˳ʮ˳Ź̹ӥ̳ȥȴӵԷɫӥ׹װˣԷһƴСƵͷϣСѪ˳ŵϵȥӥ˹ȥ˱ס
뿪¼ѵӥһۣиǣӥһ۾Ϳǹġ
ŽİŵվΧİϷֲԣӥСƽţɱ䣬İϹѲڣֻܳܡ
(δ)

ھŰʮ ߷

շ﹬İ͵Ϯƿ׼ҪдϢϢֶߣҲ˹ĶС
»ʱǿѹ׼İϡ
İϵ֪ϢѾǰºˣĴۿҪ߾
Ҹûмƿץסƿȥвⶼǵ;˵ǹҪǹһжǽڡİŭˤ˲ٶ
ܵģžİ˵¿ֵˣϣǴǲ򣿡
֪ҪͶڻͶʱͶǹûκκôֻǻĻᶼûС
ҲҪ㾡ٹ֮ҲҪ򣬲͵öˣһҲŹ㡣
İϷԸȥȫԱǴ򲻿ɡ
֪ƴһҲѡ񣬲ҲҲʹʹĴһˡ
İ뵽ЩʲôʣuͻûϢô
˵ѾصˣûлظǣҪΣǻ
ȥ˵ԸǺ㾡֮һӮˣһеĺôǹге
İѾעһ򲻹Ϭuͻлᡣ
˵ȥԣҪңҪ
ȥɣ߬uͣ˵ԹۣҾˣôթƻкô
ͷת뿪
uԽӴ񣬿żɽ㴫˾İϵĻ
u
æҡ
ʱˣة಻ؾ޾ǻʵۣ֪һͲˡ
Ҳû˵u˵ǵ˵Ļ޶ףة˵ⳡһ̣˭Ҳѡ
ǰʱȥǵҲ֪ģ޴Ӧ˷ʴʱΪ˭򶼻䡣
ԥƬ̣Ҫǲ򣬾㱣ǹһˣݺ˭⣿
u͵ͷûдȷʵˣƸոտͷ飬Ȳ͸ûˣƾʲôأ
Ƶ۵˼ǣϲ⡣
޵˼ǵ۵˼һȻӦ˷ҲȨ֮ƣƲȣȵǹơ
ʱͿͶˣΪ󣬴򲻴򣬾ͶˣҲᱻ
עĺãȴɵˡ
ϧ֪ˣҪȻʼ壬ȻӮġ
ӹ£Ƶʥ
ةuæŷ
ۺ᣺ҹԲȣ£ҪƵ۵ǣ㲻֮ᷢˡ
Ѿˣ޶Ǻ֪޵ңҪȴƣֻǵҲ֣ǲͬȥǾһҪϡ
˵ĺգʵȴˣҲûʲô˵ġ
u˵ةȻȥǵҪһ㣬ƵľѾ׼ܿͻȥһƴȫ壬ҲϣҲ߲ܹȥǣһҴףܰңһսȫ򣬹帹ܵУлᡣ
ҪǲҲͬ⡣
򣡡
Ȼ򣺡ˣƵ۷ģֻҪڣһʵһȫԸ
š
תȥϾһһȥҪʮգҲܿҪǹˡ
ȥuͿ⣺Ҳ븺㣬޲һ˰
º󣬹ոյǹ߾ϣuҲһţѹ׼ˡ

ĳϣǶˡ
ۿŽˣ˵ɡ
ƹѾѹ׼ҹ
ۿ¿밲λο
ϣƹǾҪһʣ˵
¿Ҳ˵u߲ƣͿôˣ򣬾ǴҪһսģǳΪôҪȷһͬǣҪȻҲͬ⣬ȻŮǷȴҲսġ
ǽüˣȻǺͯͯתһսǸܵУʤѷ֣
۳Ĭһᣬ򰲽أ
Ȼʤ
أ۳˳Ϣʲôʱôᶨ
ʮ˵㲻Ҳ飬һ˼ŵͶϣ񼸹սս
֪˭Ҳˣ˼˵ǸҽȻˡ
ڳԣ˵Ȼˣǻϵ˼أ
ۿߵˣãҪսܲսܰ
Ӣҵһ߾Ϊѡڳס
۵ͷ˵ɣδɡ
ǡ
(δ)

ھŰʮһ С뿪

˵˵ѸߣʺսοǻҪţ¿ȻԳΪ룬Ҵܵģ˵Ļϴ
۵Ŀһ£һס˵֣ɫһ֣ǻʺôȥ
ôܣѵҪȥôɫ
޾Ҫȥ㲻ȥ
ɫĺܣƽʱˣʱ˿̣Ҳܷˡ
ǲȻ˵ϣԼ޸ϣȻҲٵ飬ʮ䣬϶Գ檵İ΢檸жѣõ檵ĵطˣһҪΪЩʲô֪лϵһ̣Ҫһ顣
ǬuһЩ黹û˽⣬Ҫ֪ǳ檵ģ˭Ҫϣ촦
޲ںҲҪʲô촦ȥˣ֪ʺֻ޾͹ˣ̾ñȥɡ
ϲصģ˴ȥҪųͻӣ⻹ҪǣڣϾܷľǡ
˶֪˹ִˣҲǲġ
ϣԸ˧׼ࡣ
뿪λڵϸͷ
ãæŷҪ˲ϡ
ֲˣڻλϲ
·ʣ漴˫ϥ£Ըĸ
ҲԸ⡣Ҳ¡
ۿһԶŮĺǳ⣬뵽䣬Ĭˡ
ϣԸⳤ𡣡
˿ۣΣ˭ȥϴô
ӻӋOҪ£ʺСҪ£ļ˶ȥǲûˣӻӋO£ҾͷˣԸš
ðɣǰľأ
뵽Ůڹ񿴶ܲˡ
ľҪţչ˹
ðɣǾ͵ɣޡ
ϣǲˣϲܸȻ檲ǰװȥˣ˵ϲų檵أҪߣĪǻڻ˲۸ţ˵
һΪҪŮȥ
İŮˡ
ںΪѣֱ뿪
ڳȥ֪϶Իʺ⣬ڳҲ֪ʺҪ飬˭Ҳܸı䡣
ƽӵϢѾ˧ƹһһս˵˫ء
һ߹Ҳǹ
һ߳񣬹֣ףǸuͲǴӦǣô
˵ǲˣһ֮װŵΪԼţͷӦҲǲ˺
²Ĵʱ
ǰǺѣҲף׵ıǣͶ̣Բ𴩡
Ҳܾôȡİ취
ҪƴһսⳡսҪǴĻʤûˣԲսΪ
ô˵һˣ
ðɣ׶༪ˡǵĵġ
ΪأСЩ⡣
ƽͣһǴһսûţγսʲĸʲĸɲǵ֮ͻ̣ˣǳ˭Ҳ顣
Ǭu̫ˣȥݾ飬ʵϣֻĹµįѡ
һ϶ֻѣһһʲĸ˵Ӯô
ŶСƾ̫ˣ
⣬ʲĸų㣬̫ʣ磬ľ磬ãʤô
ǻʲĸҲɣ
ɣʤɣʺ͹ʿϻǹˣһӮģοʲô㲻֪ô
ףȥСһΣôõˣȥôģϧˣ
ƿСƣҪȥĻ̫ˣҪȥһսҲ㲻
ƴʱЩΪˡ
ӥ˵ƶ뿪
ƿŷӥ뵽һˣǸ뿪
ӥͷСƣߣ
ô죿
СЩ⣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ƿŷӥˣһ·ʮˣһƬ⣬ƶǵãȻŮŮȴ׺ʮҲѵһЩˣˣ
ƳŷӥͷӥһѽСȥϣ󣺡˵仰
ףռ
СƷӦ죬˵꿴ŷЩˣӥʲôתߣӰӿ뿪
ǰŷӥߣ˼ææŮ˵ʴϹةڵſǣʴǲǰƿȥ
תȥƳһۣ˳ȥ
(δ)

ھŰʮ Ѳ

ߵ⣬վ೯͢Ա佫࣬Ůӡ
վһߣЩҪȥˡ
ƿЩˣ뵽ʢ˥³һŮ˳ÿڣȴ㣬̫ࡣ
ǸʲôأƿȥȻǸӣȴȣ˵˲Ҵ
ͷ˵ҪսΪõʱȻʹ˻ˣҪץƿ
Ŀ۰ࣺ˵ûȷʵǸûᣬʴҲʱܺãȻҪΪʲôҪ
ûлش𣬶ԷԽ˽ˣһһ仯
ƿǣǾ˾ͺãʴҲ˺Ǿʹɣ˵ץƿ飬ʴҲ޳ɣո棬Żû֣һ㣬ץ˱סҲǲ顣
ȥ
˿ȥ˷Ƶ޵棬һȦȴôûҵ
˳ҡҡͷûˡ
ƿȥܣոձʴʱڡ
ǲ֪ˣʡ
ƿ۸ոˣ㣡
̹֮£ʴ
ƿҲתڳ֮ˣּ
˹£˵ᣬǰ߾һս
˵ת޵
һڻˡ
º󣬴ܵУϹĴֲ
һ̣ûκƲһֱڷš
ⳡ̣մһ꣬һȫʤһ֮
漣ǣ壬ˣӻͬһ죬ȫʤ
սܣuڰľһ֮£ԻԳ֣ľ̳֣һɱˬuͣuֻǿǱߣϣܹ󿴿ģվûп
ľհνu͵ڵϣľգǶ˶۾
Ӫһϯ棬ʿǾٲά裬ƬָֻƥȥһлΪ
֪֮£u͵Ѿߡ
ɽУuͻ۾ƶڵϴ֣ǰһƬĺǸֶƿСơ
Сһ£һ߿ˮģһֵΪôĹ϶ǲ֪ġ
ػһԴģôϴˮҹˮתȥѾ˵Ĭu͡
uͿŷƣôˣ
ҲôȥˮuˮҺˮ˲졣
Χ˿uһЦҵ˶ˣһʲô˼
Ҳ˵û˼ǱɽɽһϺУϺлûͽܣȥ
ҲãҲãҲ컯ɡ
뿪Сȴûߣȥ˿uͣˣһȴһʲĸǻʲĸģҪллʲĸ
uͻͷȥѾ
ӵuȥˣЦЦ
uͳƬ̣Ժ￴˿ʲôϺУֻһˡ
u߽겻ɻã
һʣлңǽȥɡuͽȥuԥһ£˿Ժһſڡ
ˣܺãʺɣʺһУȥɣҲˡ
˿һuͣౣذɣŻܿ࣬Ϊðɡ
uͲδ˵ֻǿһȥûͷˣתŬuͣu͸硣
uͣ£˵Ĭu͸ѾڴƵʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ҺܸˣҸϣźˡ
˵uȥŹϣҲûг
ת뿪
ɽһֱûлͷ
СƣɽƿȥҬuͣӥԺš
ƿţСƿŬuͣȥ˿µ죬uͲСʣôˣ
Ѱ̣Ҫ㣬´ȥҲȥ˵ڴ˴Ҳ㰲ȫȲȥˡ
ôu͵ǾãѾͷܻãûϡ
뿪˷﹬Ŵ˼ٰƵˡ
ƻ·ﳯԪϱ㵽ˣŷͷȣʾ˽ͷץס˲û
ʱѾˣټķ﹬ʣ˷繬ĹˣмԪϡ
վԪЦΪһŮˣͿ̿飬ˣǸŮԶҲҲҷĴۡ
˵ԪϷ׷ڹǰĸȴһ֪Ƶںδ
(δ)

ھŰʮ 

һʮ꣬幥ռɱ﹬ǧˣ˵﹬Ѫɺӣһ죬ͣЪ﹬ѪȰڿš
Ӵ
һºĹһͳ
ʣ£
Ȼһº˼޶ذ²屧Ѫ볯
۹ҽΪΣղתֵֵ֮顣
󣬳ľѻ
һŮһ
һӭȢŮӣŮСǿΪС˶ССһŮӣȢΪޡ
꣬ʳӹȢԺ֮ŮΰΪޣ뾩ףλƹ֮ء
ͬ꣬ʥ뾩ޣԭǹλ
Ӹ뾩裨ԭƹϣԭλ
ԴˣսҼꡣ
һ
ϵ۱Сӻε˻εƣĻʺˣǵǰЩӣ빬˵˵Ҫȥ⼸ճԲ˯ãƫƫǸӣǺã
˴ʱЩƣ룬Ͼո»ӡ
ۣҪǶ߰ɣϵȴдӦȵ˶ӣ㽫λջأԼĶȥ
ô֪ĸӳҲ̫ˣҪ֪ޱ㲻˵ˣһǻ޷ãҲ᲻뿪ޣܲܳǡ
ʼҵÿؾ̽ף޵ĶҪǳȥˣңңڣûʥּλ
ʮ꣬ᣬǶǱߣÿÿء
˿һᣬ۵Ĳ˵㽫۾ˣ̾Ϣ˵̫¶ˣȻСǺСھСҲδȥܹ˽飬ЩҲ㣬ҪǻЩǶԲ
ϵģΪ˴£Ҳˣûô
Ϊ£ŮӾ㣬ϵĶӳȴҪߡ
֪ˣȳЩߣܿԣȻвãҲԣæŴӦ
̾Ҳ֪ȥ˺δҪҵöãҲ˿Ǻã
ҲģСƺСǶңҲңҲô󣬻굽ȥˡ
ȻˣֻѾˣȥң
˲˵ҲĬˣ˵ȷʵˣ˲ˣǺã
һѩҷɵʱ򣬹Ͽǰ˫ƮѩƵĻ档
ǵǾǿ񣬺Ķ֣һ
СǴһӸڹϣȥɡ
忴۴󸹱Сǣ˵⼸ղǿˣôˣ
ĵ˵⼸գȻͤţҲǰ취⼸ԽԽˣ޷ߣ￴ѩӲԽĲˣҪȽȥȰɡСв̣⼸Ҷˣ﹬Щˣ˵ѾˣⱲҲҲˣһ֮ɱ˷﹬ǧˣҲס
ģһȫ٣˫ҲˣȻ߳˷﹬ȴΪѪ̫࣬ϵ½Ⱦ졣
ֻ֪ʺݾ޳м֪һǻ顣
ÿ굽ʱ򣬾ͤҹߵĵȺӹҲһղһգԪţͲˣʣһҲΪ˵׵ĳ֡
ɾҲӰ
ѩÿ굽ʱ򶼻úõ¼죬ѩ÷˪죬һ㶼ġ
ȣ죬Ǻã
ˣǻȥɣ׻ңΪҲˣֲˡ
ǰ˵С̲סת㳯ͤȥô˵ҲҲ֪Ǻˡ
۹壬ȰģԸɴҲ˵֪Ƣԣ˵һֶǺǾͲ粻˵ˡ
С뿪ԺҲͲˣƹӻһֱѰƵ䣬Ҳȷʵˡ
ڣȴļ
ټԺӣѩ죬ͤͣ£ֿ̧һۣﶼѪ
Ҳ⣬˲ӵ˵ϡ
ѪȾѩıѩǡ
ӵһǡ
һʮµɽ±ͣˣѩ赲ǰ·ƿӿһۣɴҲ޷¶һ˫ķѩ̾ϢһĴѩҪȥǲˡ
ǰӣȥûסûǾ͹ȥסˡ
ʽǰƵӣǸưͣǰƾģѧЩ˵Ǻʵ
ʽȥﾹȻһͷǣһӡ
(δ)

ھŰʮ С

ʽŵòᣬˣֲ˵ĸҲ׺ѳʽ˵ˣ˵ĸǱ뿪ˣҡβͱ㿴ųʽˣʽ˳֪ˣ
ԺӿһۣȻԺһЦ㻹ڰʮˣҪɾô
˵ţмֻεС߳صƺЦ㶼ˣ
ͷһƺЦѹˣˣ
תȥˣ߻ȥͷƣƷԸưͰѶӳϰתһֻСǻ
ƽţ￴˿ܸɾԺҲһʰ
䣬Сǣû˷֡
ʰһ£ưͿʼСǡ
ƴ̧ͷŰװƮѩ
һڻˣ

ͤһɵĶûж¿Ź壬һ˿ûж
һᣬߵߣ濴壬˫ֱǰ棬Ѿ⣬˶
̧צӣס֣˼嶯˶תӣ죬˵ϡ

˯һᣬư氡ţưָָ棬ѾΧˡ
ſڵ˿˽
겻û뵽ټƻԭģǶѾˣѾʮˡ
СˡƵ˿̺ƽ
Ժӵ濴Ժվһˡ
ľٽƣž͹ˡ
ƿŰľ߹ȥľƱڻľ

̧ͷȥɣҽղܹȥһҩ裬ȥ취ˮͷӦû¡
ӹҩ迴һ̧ۣͷΪѵʱѾҩˣԪô뾡취ҲϷҩ񡭡
֪޽ȥҪǲԾˣҪǳԵĻǾͳԡ
ûĽתȥˡ
İľת뿪
ľŽȥƣ£ľվţƿӣ°ɣ˵ס
һã׷ġ
һʱҲʮ꣬Ѿʮˣ㶼ɴˡ
ǰӶˣ
ţɣҲá
ǡ
ľһϣϰҹ˵°ҹϢľ￴ţ·°Ƶģ粽Űơ
һߣڴһ˫ۿŷԪôȰ˵ûá
ԪǱˣ״̬һϡ
ȥ󿪹죬ҩ˽ȥ³ԡ
ҹȥˣʮ£ȥǣҲ٣οľÿնտհľڣѵûзô
建۾ɨһȦаľ
ͳЩƣ
ľأ
˼Щ⣬ſţȥɡ
˿˳ȥ
Ԫʣˣ
ҩ裬ҩ͸һţҲֻǸŮ˲ĳֱָµˣŮ֪ʲô飬ȴֱ棬Ҳ֪«ʲôҩ
ƣΪСǶ̥
⼸СһֱûʲôȻ˵Ƿ޵飬иȻ˾ˣһ̥Ԫ˵ЩãǻѲ
Ҫʹ飬ʱ룬ôɴˣҲʡʡġ
ȻСסﲻȥջҪؿշܲˡ
ѩͣˣСҲӾǳСǿ˰죬̥
ӾʮµӣѲˣŵ޴룬ӡ
Ϊŵõʡ
ˣĸƽ
ĪΪҶС֪ѲԪ˵ĺ̫ˣ˫ӡ
Ѷȡ
ƱһӸСǷ£ֱһ¡
Ҫ㲻ӣ뻹ҪܻоһЩ飬Իĺ
СظҺĻˣȻ
壬СǱ̲ס˵ڻǾѾ˰ɣѰٻģûгϢ
ǵ
סҪչˣѾڣҿڴ˴ɡ
š
Сǿӣ۱ε̽ûϢ
(δ)

ھŰʮ ľĺ

Сס£ƿʼչСǣľҲѺӴ˹ľӣöܾ񣬰ƿӺϲŵϣ˵ǣǿʲô
ˣ˵ʲôƸ׼ĶСֹȥ׼ץһ
ƿֻ۵С֣ʣΪʲôҪץ֪ʲôô
϶̧ͷ˿ƣ֪ĸĸû״أҲнĸףϲĸЩ˼ˣջȥСһ˵ϲҩģû±ҩţ˵ҩľĸ˵ĸܺͰ˵ĸҳҲҪŪҩģҩľĸ
С϶һܵ⣬һǸ˵ģƱЦˡ
һС϶һС϶˵ԸԸĸѧϰأ
Ը⣬Ҳϲ
С϶ҲǸʵڵģƲǿһЩԵĹӸС϶ȥԣҪڣĸϲڵĺӡ
С϶ܸˣųԳԺȺȵˡ
ľͣƽ϶ǵõ簮˵ûأҲܲˣﲻҪ⡣
رˣСϲҩģȴ˵Ļ
ôһĺӣʲôģ˵ҺţһӶŹ
ľæ˵Ӳôġ
֪㲻ôģ϶ȴ컬ģպҪǲúụ̀ܽ
Ժһúù̡ܽľæ˵
Ժ£ȲҪ˵ƿСϴϸĿһᣬƿɲԲ
Ϊʲô˵ʣСϴһᰲƹؾ˵ҡ
˵˵ĸǸܺõˣĸû׵ʹ󣬲֪ǲǳʲôٵҩ
ƿǰĺӣܾʣˣ
롣
ôСͣ˵Ļɼҩҽһоء
֪һƽ˿ʱһԼˡ
ʲô
ġĹ
֣϶أ䣿
졣
˵΢΢̧ͷſڱŶԵĺӣ˵ҿ
ľȥ죬ƣϸһʣ˵㲻뿴ʲô
游˵ж־ķҪǬ˳ᢣҳˣҪ游һΪִ֣Ǭ
˵꣬ľס⺢ӣô
ľЩģһ
ƿһ۰ľʣСڣ
û
˭ȡģ

Сûи쿴Ƶǲģ뷨еġ
ľԥһ£С弸˴磬ͨѧҪҿ˵㿴ˣҲţ˵й¶й¶̫ⱨӦҵ˭ҪǸ˿࣬˿ʲôù
˼˵ǲң˵첻ͬ
Ƿޣƽǹ﹬߶һտģ᲻ԷÿչҪ빬
첻빬ÿν¹򣬼˻ϣÿ¹Ҳǰٰڡ
簮һξΪ¹ؼҾʳ֪ܲˣ˱һȥˣ֪ôϾĹ򡣡
ô뵽ʱҲ£ǾúЦ
̫簮ˡľҲΡ
СֽҸȡС
ľæȥֽʣдĸ֡
ľȥһۣ
һԼĺӿıʲôأҲ϶ţȻҪ⣬𣬲˭ĺӣˣȻš
ƲˣľæӦʡ
ߵһ߿ֽϵ֣Ǻܿģϲ֡
令ʲôõģҪ֣ûء첻Ŀһ۰ľ
ĸ֣˶ûУ㵱治Ҫ͸ɡľô˵
Ʋõ־ǸģҪҲҪŸ
ֽҲҪˣڼľ游ƽֻҪ游ڣǵףܹҪȥ游游ʰĸ
ţ˻ȥˡ
ľһ⺢˺ܶ࣬ʱҪţҪ˸ˣû뵽ӣƽ̫簮ˡ
ƿ˵ţҪôΪ˵á
ģƽոǹؾء
ƽն游ңżҲź͵һ𣬵游簮һЩʱ򷸴ңĸһΡ
(δ)

ھŰʮ 游ȥ

˵ʲôûн㣿
ˣĸ˵ǳȻףҲҪбʣûйء
ĸ˵ûסˣҲίԼҲҪΪԼȡΪǳͲ֪ȡǿϲĶҪȡġ
˼Ƭ̣۸ոûõĶ˵ҺҪǸ
ȥɡ
ǡ
ҩģϸţüĸǺ
㿴ǺƶıȽƫ⺢Ӷ¡
ΪǺĻǣΪβ
ţ㻹ǺܴģȷʵǺĻǺĻҲǲͬģһĺĻʱ򺮷Ʈѩʱů
һζҩ
ȻŰɣ֪ҩʲôʱ򣬾ǿѧҽʱˡģĺǸˣͷ˿ľ
ľ˵ҪϲĸҪ׼Ǿ°ɡ
ģľȻ֪ӵ뷨
Ʋ˵ʲô˵°ɡ
ĸ˲ѣæ˫ֱȭŰƵл
ȥ濴Һ˵˵
ǡ
ĸ˵ıĺĻȥоƸľ˵𻰡
صȥҹˣ汻´˹壬˹Ĳ顣
첻ˣÿҪ游ǲ£
ȻСȴţƽ첻µزµġ
л£ɫ˭
ſڵΣֻȥ
ߵ棬켱æȥ壬˸ǰӣ
廹Ϊ⺢ˣ˵ʲô游ⲻûô
˲᣺游úõģ游᳤꣬˵Ҫúѧϰҽ游û¡
죺ɣ游һᣬЩ˶Ǻˣƭ游
ǻҲҽ游
˵꿴ſڵŸǴӵ顣
˵游ˣǸǸ㵽ȥЬˡ
ûЬѻֽ˳һ߸忴һ˵游㿴ĸܻȻָˣϲ游Ҫȥ
ҲңҲĸ
ֿĶһЩ֣ɫ䣬һ˰ֶֽ
ǣ
û뵽ῴƵ֡
ģš
˵ھʮ£иﻹҪŮӣ˵ĸҲŲţ
һˣ֣Ҫ游ȥ
忴ſڣŭ
ſڵ½½ţһŭʣʮ˭ˣ
ʱϹܼǰ˵ˣǰմѩ˳ǣûлҲȥȥˣոϲСǿѾˣҲһԣϲү游ˡ
ܼҽֵӵıºܴ󣬿˼ζҩºӣҲԶӳСǿǼ֤Щ
˵ҩһ˳ԲԾлû˳Եϡ
ǮûԵ֣ӲڣҲˣҲá
Ҳֻиˣлᡣ
ֽסŭڣ
ܼҺգ㶼ʱˣҪʲôȥˣ
Ҳܲˡ
ܼæ׼˰ѹӴϷϣȥϡ
һߺǳӣʶɲ˵ˡ
һֱڿӣ룬ˣʲôɿģȽҲãҲ߲ˡ
ĸǰƯȻǲϲ游ġ
룬˵ĻǾǸĸҲɣǾͰˣ뵽Щͷá
˵˳ʮ£Ϳվ˲ˣͣ˲
첻Ǻܸˣôôһôˣ
йôˣ
ͣһ£ͷ³Ĺ壬ΣһԺȥ
쿴һΧˣ游ĸˣϲǣ˵ϲر˵游Ļ
Ҫǻƽˣܹȥݼͷˣ쿴˾͸ûһСӣŹ֣һֱȥԺǱߡ
һ⺢Ӿһô͸ߵòˡ
㿴˿һۣȷʵǺܲ񻰣游ܲȥܽɣҲͬ⡣
˿ߵſڵǾãºˣûʰǡ
ϣյ˶࣬ҿɡҲء
۱¿ƣ˰ʱҲӼݡ
ǵӻҪġ
(δ)

ھŰʮ ĸ

οѩҲߣ˵֣˵߰ɡ
˻ȥֿ˹壬þ½ҲǼˣο˼ҷ޼棬ҪǽȥԵò֪Ȥˡ
޶δĻҪ˵Ŷԡ
½½뿪ҲԺӡ
嵽ԺſڿһۣиſվţЩʵ
Ҳڡ
壬ߵǰ̧ͷ˵˵ˡ
˻Ṭ壬ڿĻҪҪӡ
һ۹˫ȣǸӰɣתȥ
ûſˡ
ԭã游磬ЩģҲá
游ţȥ
ҪȥҰˣ游ˣҲӭӣ⻹˵á
忴ȥ㲻ȥǣ
쿴ȥСɣ游ǲˣ
ľ֪ˣæ˳æ˵
أʱ˵ܾƵģľ֣֮ǰǿſ첻ˣʱôһˣ
Щˣ
˵֪ô£öˣҽȥ
ҪǰľܾýȥĲʣڽȥͺöˡ
ľŹȥ˵ײ飬ҪСģ
쿴ۣʮֲãҲûʲô
㻹˵סڣľãŹ壬嵽ʱʮ㡣
㲻˵Ȼľ˵
쿴۰ľ泩游ȥˡ
ľ۶ӣŰɡ
棬Ƹոȥ㿴ϣѩ׵ͷҲô֪̫䣬ǳҩѪͨ첻Ǻ죬ҲǰףŲǺܺã
˶ӣȿڣ游ĸҲãҿ游Ҳã͸ˣպͲǰˡ
ޣ˵Ļŵ˶ܵ°ͣľ˲һ£һµڵˡ
⺢ͲǸʡĵĺӣҲ£ֻһҪԼֻع
¾Ͳˣˡ
忴ȥɫһұ
ľΣߵãʲôˡ
ľҪɫһҿ˭ң
ľ˻ȥºˣŰɣ˭ܲˡ
忴Űƣ
Ȼŵϵ죺ӲС㻹ҰҵˣҿǳıӵģĪ˵㣬游ҲûӣҪǲպҲͲˣľȥ׼һЩöڵϺúÿ
쿴ĸֿ游Ҳ
岻Ҳ˵
ľӦȥ档
Ȱľˣ˵ҿˣƽˡ
ôƲ䲻Ŀ۹壬㲻˵ˡ
Σ游Ҳ̫ûϢˣһСѾͷҲ¡
ƿһᣬ˵ϿǱʱ˲ɱ˵û㣬ӻˣ󲻱ȢϱˣӻˣУ϶Ҫӻˣܶ飬첡Ĳܣ䲻УҲȢϱˡ
쿴ŰƣϲҵŮ޺ܶ࣬޸ң游˵ѡ
游ң۾ԲɣһĨɱ컹е㵣ǣ˿壬徹Ȼû˵
˵Ҿһᡣ
һҷһߣҧɣ̫ࡣ
ң
컹岻Ըˣ㲻Ż졣
̧֣һСߣŵ굽˹ߣ忴С˵Ǻӡ
ʱЩί˵Сʱ˷裬ĳ˻˵ã䳤ȥˣھͰˣʡˡ
룺úù̡ܽ
㣿ġ
㣬岻ԭܶĻ棬û뵽
һͻ˭˭Ҳ˳ۡ
㿴˼һʺĺӣٿ㣬𣬲˭ĺӣ㶼ñˣֿԱиСͽлҪǲУҾȥҲ¡
忴ۿͰ͵죺ͻһЩȳٽҲ٣ȲҪˡ
塭ɫ
Ӣ̣аɣͻɡ
忴ӣǻˣҪȻĸҪǸϳȥˣĸˣ书Ⱥ游궼ûҵ
ϲ⺢ӵĴһ游˵ĻȥϹϾĳŰ񣺡ƽղ࣬ĸеĸҪ
游µˣȻȻٵˡ
ƶ⺢ӻģֵĿһʣôôͶˣ
Ѱ˼һ游Ϊء
һ£壬Ƭ̣ˣǻͺˡ
游һӶΪңϣҲˡ
ǡ
һԭĸ游
Ǿͺðˣ
(δ)

ھŰʮ 

˵游һֱã缲ȥ˼ĸ黳ϣĸҪˡ
ľȥ㳷˳ȥľվһ߿⺢ӣ⺢Ϊô
Ҳã⺢պسɴǳǸӦ
ӵǺܴɱСˣˣȥԼˣ˽ȥҲ°ɣ㣬Ҫѧϰɡ
죬мǣպ˻££ЩӦһ游ϡ졣
촽Щ
֪첻˵ĸҲῴ࣬ĸպسɴĴ㽫һ游һǸˡ
ܺ游һΪִ֣Ǭ
游ĹҲĴ
ػ游ػ£ԸΪ¾ңһУȥ˵з¡
游˺ĸһʱ䣬ġ
ƿ۹˵У游һ£Ǵ£Ҫܵͷ˴ͷ游Ҳˣͻ㡣
ҲҲ帯áʲôܷ
촽Ź忿һЩ˵Ҳ¡
ϣɡƿ壬ɫ
ΪҪ͸˵ЩôСֻ˵û㻶ģοŻ屧죬԰Ƽɵ֣֣ʣµķǺ֮ǡ
һ˵ȻǺûģ
ƱĪңȻһͳȴҲɱˣ㲻ߣҲңǳͷôɼǵãʱָԣûô
үҪ㣬Ҫǿˡ
˵ˡ˵˵
ôû㣡˵죺֪˵ʲôô
֪ĸ˵Сȴĳǲϼӹ̣ܽǷǣպضǻ游Ҫҳɴĸܰݶա
游һĴôСͣôôư˼⡣
˵֪
ǳʵ֪ˣ͸游ɣó㲻ҵĴˡ
游ܻ϶ٶ꣬㻹ǿԵġ
̧ͷٶꣿ
һЦҲסˣ˼ĿŰơ
Ҳү꣬Ժ󣬻˵
岢δ˵ƿ죺Ȼʲôףǽú
ǡæӦʣƺ⣬㿴Ǳߡ
겻࣬Ҳˡ
ľôˣĵı̫òˣ塣
Ӹˡ
ľ˵ȲзˣǺѪͨҲˡ
ˣҲˣƢôô󣿡Ƶܵģ˵۾ˡ
۾ˣ㼱ˣʲôⲻûô
һ游Ҫޣ
׼ȥľŶӳȥˣˣﰲȥ£סƵ֣š
Ҳ֪˶ãƲŲ˲ᣬŹ塣
ҧҧ㻹˶ãұķ½ߣ㲻
һŹ˵Ҳǰӵɽ棬滷ɽƣ
Ҫưȥҩɽϵȥ
뿪忴ʣӵɽˣ
˵ɽ꣬ʵ棬Ǳģȥҵʱ̱¶ȥʱûзˤϹͷˣʣһһʱźãҷɽʵ̫ˣϲȥ
⼸꣬һֱ
ưǸǣȥʱ򣬸ҴһЩҩҳЩҩŴͨϵľ磬ɣųġ
˰죺ſڵưͣ
ȥҩģ岻ãҪҩǻȥѾˣұˡ
ôɣЩţ
벻ŰƲδٽͣ˻Ṭ壬үãôӺã
£ͷԼҲ˲ٶӣðѱĶǻʲôÇNɪġ
Ҳöȥأŷ飬˵ǲǷģ˹źҲǷ
(δ)

ھŰʮ СҪ

˿Ƕٳ衣
ڹ忴۵Ĺƣ
ԼĶ᲻ãĶȥڶȥصʱÿ춼ӣĶȫȥء
Ҳˣȵˣؿʲôڣ
Ҫǹ˰ľҲҪȥȻùȥۺúܡ
תסƵ֣ĿӣѰƱסΪҲҲˣΪֻҪһܼˡ
ƺЦ˭˵ģǱߵĻûˣʲôûˣôȥүˣҲȥңүǲɵˣ
뿪˻ᰲơ
үҸ顣
ŰƵֿϣס֣ɨ衣
忴ƣ㻹С
̧Ȼеģϵͳ᲻ĸңȻҲС壬ĺΪʲôûУҲö֪
ЩҲãǲƻ̬ˡ
̬ʻǺİģ֪ʲô̬
ƽͣƻԭʼĶɽӴأľݡ
춨ģҲԤҶ˱ˡ
꣬үúõĹӡ
ûӣ󣬰͵ǰԥƬ̣סƵ󣬺Ѫ
Ʊסͷվǰվš
ﰲţͷһ˿˿䵽ϣ׷䵽ϣ˿ܿ쳤˳ָļ١
ɿƵ֣ϵֿһۼͷ
ƺˣס֣
忴һ˫ȣƿӴȥ֮˼ɿ֣ץ˻ȥ°ư˲ܡ
ƺЦҲܣʲô
ô֪ǲǻܣôûġһޣǸûĵŮˣȻһֱ
ƾǿĳʲô֪ûкģ֪
û˵ȥĶҾˣҲܲģﻹǬȦأһӣͰҸסˣ㲻ȥңԼû£Թô
Լ㲻ȥңҾ͸òǰûϢⲻԼˣ
ǻұôûȥôȫʹʮʱ򶼻ˣŰһƽƱˣ¹ǿܰ
ǰĲӣʱѪͺһˣһĿ £ûʲôµ˫۾ȴǻһ㣬һӶ
ԭĽᣬôȣ˳ȥ
ӣƱ棬Խʣǰ԰׵ʱ͸󣬶ͷ⸡֡
ǽϲҲϴСˣ滹кӣСǺҲ棬ǲǲҪˣ
ôҪˣԼˣοᣬҲˡ
˫ֱסƵƽϡ
˼ٺûӵǶǸոʶˣŰż˶Щѳֲס
ϾѾ˼ô꣬ôʲôûȥ룬Ķһˣ˸Σ
ˡ
塭˵꣬ѾסˣƵԲ۾Ҳܳأ޲ðѰ̵ȥ
ֲЩ꿴ĿǷ
ѾʮˣЩ԰Ƶ˼ԽԽ
ޣ£ˡ
ӵǣƿ˳̶㿪ˡ
תȥæŲ˲ǣˣôѧҧˡ
תһ˵Ҫô
ûҭô˵أ
εʣСʲôʱܳԵ㶫ջûԶҲûˮ
ˮºܿգûй˷ԼιӵģǸϲôΪηҪԼιأ
վͻˮˡתĲЩ֣Ҳ֪ĲӲǺܺô
СƽӾԼιǲףҪιΪηҪԼι£ͻ
ƿŴһŭСԼιٷϻɡ
סƼСǵףҲ˵
ҡ
ˣʲôأﴫСǲõǴȥô
תȥС˵Ȼ˲ϲ׵ĻպͲˣҰɡ
Сתȥݱ䡣
ߵСһ£Ҳû˵ֻι
Ȼ㣬˭֪ûʲô֢ƽǲǸɾ뷨ǲֱǵһһжӰ˺ӣҲϲĴЦҲ
˻ȥɣհͺãںӣȻ˵ģƽﻹҪչˣĪ˵չ˺ˡ
ҲҵԺӣȥԺˡ
ʲôⲻҲû˵ʲô
ţҹҪСһ𣬲Ȼ˯š
û˵ʲôȥҵ˵ֻǴҵʱȥ˵ֻˣ
Сί
ŷӦҵѲ˰
Сǿȥģɣ
(δ)

ھŰʮ ̫ϵ

Ϻ룬Сǵ£æȥҰƣֻȥ顣
ƿ˻ᰲ겻Щĺۼˡ
Сǲ룬úչСǡʱǲ˵ʲôģʲôͲʲôʲô͸ʲô
ҪǷ˴ͷһ䣬ʲô֪
˰壺ôˣ
ΪͰʲôˡ
۵ĿҪܣ
һٹ壬ݣ͸ˣصС㰲࣬ϸС˵ҲܶԣӻԼŵĺá
Ȳ裬ƱȥţԸ˰ľȽ䣬ӡ
ľźӽţĿ˰죬ǰľϲ⣬ȥûˣ
šʱȥʮˣüĿ续˹
쿴˰죬ֿƣȥҹ壺游İ׷أ
ˡڵǰ˼˵游ĸģ
š
ĸ
ݰơ
Ƶ˵ҽûʲôģģ꺣Ļ٣ĹЧģúоպҲֻش
֪
˷ܣƿ۹壬˹ȥ
ҹǾߣľȥɣպ·ˣҺţڱ飬ҪţһҲҪ͢˹أ˵ˣý᲻ʱ䣬κˡ
ʮȥ͸˵һʱҪ˹˵ɽޣר˾ˡ
ȹӣСˣҺͻ뿪ںǣһǱߣʮͻ
СǻûһºߵĻǼˣ
ԵֵĻȻ棬ûԵֵĻҲͲؼˡ
ȥѾҲܹǷԸ⡣
ľ˵תȥ졣
ľ㴫ųȥ֪ͨϴ󼸸ˣˣһҲǸϲһ̫࣬·;ңԶ캮ضصҲѡ
һŮˣ˺ѵʹһ϶ûϢãǹ޾
°ƱϣƫҪˣ˶ˡ
õ˴ߣ°ֺޣϣ˯ˡ
ŵĶҲͲˡ
°ҹŹ巴ˣΪܣһֱ
Ϲ廹û˯׼˻ȥ
˯ɣҪȥˣҪȥֲˡ
̧ͷŹүǲߣ˷ֳϣպͻɴ鷳
֪߾߰ɣ鶼ѾúˣҲûʲôˡ
Ϣ˰죬Ѿ׼ˣľųݼƣƸһЩˡ
ǲ⣬Ҳ֪ĸͲϲ˶ࡣ
簲ƸӳȥȥһԶĴӡ
Ǳ߹ſţܿ㴫˳ĶһŮ˳
ţƿһģŮһ£γŰƿ˻ᣬʵ˭ʲôˣ
ǾôʵѾϳŮ˭
˵ǵǣʲôˣ
壬Ǳƣҷǰ嵭Ȼ
ԥһ£˸ӣתӣûñǽȥ
漴Űƽţʹˣ˶ͷˣ˻Ǻõġ
ƽųž̫Ͷ񣺡Ƽ̫ˣ겻ô
̫Щۻ軨ˣϾѾˡ
ҪһЩϸŰƣЩ㱡
㣿̫⡣
ƸŹߵ̫ǰϯض
˿վŵľ˵ȥ׼á
ǡ
ת뿪һˡ
飬Ҳ֪һЩ
ʣ֪Һ̫ûֻأ
ƿüëɨ㣬ֱͷľ̫ϴŵĹǣҪ̫һԣ㣬尴ס֡
̧ͷ壬˵й¶Ѿй¶̫ǣڵأˣ
ƿŹ壬һʱ侹˵û뵽ˡ
뵽ʱſӣưˣһβ¡
ƿ̫̫˵֡
̫ԥƬ̣ͲľΣŮϷˣһˣգϷ򲻱
ҳǼ鳼յĽϷȱЩˡ
Ͳˡ
֪ѾͷպΡ
̫վһߵľΣѾ˳޵̫ͣһˣҲ᲻á
(δ)

ھŰʮһ ǲǴɵ

ƿΣ˵ʲô
Ρ
Σ
ƻ˻ιǣöͭǮסˡ
Щֿ֣һʵ˵ְɡ
Ƭ̣
סǼ㣬Σ̫ϲ̫

̫סкιϲ
ΪҴӢ̫Ϊһͳ£ѳңһͳ£ûǾ̫
̫˳㵽˵ʲô
ЦſΣ⺢üĿ㣬ĸǴˣ䶼йҲǰ޵ĺãҲǾ̵̫ĺãҿѾǶñˡ
δȻ´£һ;

̫Ͷ˲סˡ
һ߳Ĭá
̫ϸ㣺԰ĪɻϥµĻӡͲš
̫Űƣãնˣ
ʮˡ
̫ϸ㣺Ī̫ӵ£
ƵͷҪûǴ⺢ʮ˰ɣ
죬ŮӵʮʱҪˣʮ꼰ǱҪˡ
ڴ˴ã׵Ҳ٣游ϣҲϲһѾʮˡ
źúź游û뵽飬̫ӣ
һԲֻǵͷ
̫˵ϷΪǵȵ⺢иǣǶǲѡȴû뵽ѾͷϷ򲻰ǹеķ
ɴŮȴ칬ʮꡣ˵£̫ס
˵ʲôʮꣿ̫һ
˵飬̫αؽأ
̫أ̫ġ
̫ǻʺǲʮķǾͲˣ̫ҲǷ
̫֪ʲҲͲˡ
̾˿ˣȥɡ
˵ס°ɣѾͷղˣҲ˵ơ
Ҳãүס°ɡ
š
ȥ棬α˳ȥȾˣƱ˵ֻ̫δػãͶˣʮ١
̫üʮꣿ
š
Ҳ⡣
̫̾Ϣһûû뵽˻ôء
滰˵Բȱϣˮ磬̫ܼˣһߣԺ˶Ǻ¡
νʮ֣߷֣̫ģѾͷġ
̫վľΣĲԻ꣬ĸףҪĶòȴȥǽⰡ
ǰƴһƿӳŵ̫ǰ͸̫ٵģ̫ҪúõĻţžΡ
⳯͢飬ᣬҲֻܰˡ
̫ƣסӰ̫ô
ƿ۹壬֣ϲʱʲô
ʱǵү˾Σ˵үǾεĸǣˣǾεҲ͵ˡ
̫Ź壬ǵͷ
շסոպڣڴ
ſͣһ£˵̫ӡ
ʣ㵽̫ӣûϵңȥԶˡ
ûһ߸ŵˡ
ӺˣڻûȥǴӣ̫ӵһ˽ȥһʲô£Ǻã
̫ƽʢǳܰѱ̫ӳôȥһߡ
Ŵߣ֮󲻽ȥˡ
˵ûˣҪЩˮҲҪǹŲŹ
ʴСܾѹȣ꣬źù
ɢͰƣҲԵζ
ҵҲΪ·ˡ
߱ӡ
⣬ʴĺͨʱԣʰ˲Ź
ϵĲ·Ҳ˺ˣŪúؤ࣬ǵĽʿһ
룬˴ӻǻץˣһѴѪĽЩ
ߵһŮſվţȥм˹˹ȥŮӲȷ֣˱Ŵȥ
ŮӾŵ˼תˡ
׷ȥѼ˸ˣŮӿ˴˻иһʯͷҪѹ֪ˣû뵽Էţļ
һʹĽˡ
Ůӿǰˣ𽣸˶Էһ£˶ˣοվһߵӣһǱΪǽϵˡ

ʿۼŮӣˣ
ЩΪ飺棬Ұ㿴
ȥһѪˣæ˵Ҽﲻ㣬˿ˣȥǽˣô
ûֻǿžΣλǲǴɵˣ
(δ)

ھŰʮ ̫

ʣûɽݣҹȥ
Ϊ̫ӣոյˣܶˡ
οһ۲ԶиӣԭסؤģԹȥ㣡
㲻ң֣ǲǺɵ
һӣһŮӣİͼı졣
˵ȻȣҺα㣬һαأ
һЦǰɣȥɡ
һͬ뿪βδ幬ʵ׳ʲôģǺ֪ġ
ھΣ¹Ҳ˼֣˵Ưʲδ塣
ߵ棬ͣ˵ȥɣﲻɾʰһ¡
ҽȥ
˵깬˽ȥںһ£ŸŽȥ
ϵȥʰһ£ʵЩˣϿţǰŵŮӡ
ʱʲŷ֣Ůӵò
ǵһζһŮӶġ
ʲô
ʣ˵Ρ
ľ
š
Ͽǲࡣ뵽ĸ˵ľ̫
̫Ϊȡˡ
֪֮ǰһֱֻ̫֪һƲߡ
ʽ⿪ϵ·ϵĸɾ¶ɣοһ£̺ˡ
˵ô
ҡͷûС
ҰϣҺˣס

סɡ
кβɣ
֮£Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣҲ˽¡
㿴ҿأ붺ΣοŹʺƣǸͽӰɡ
˵ҿɣ˳㿴ҳʲôӡ
ȥŵߵǰ£ǿʲôˡ
һ£ôǸӣ
һ׼һסΣ˰¡
ŵþν̶סε죺˰ɣ
䶢ŹʣΪǸĵĺˣû뵽ˣҲˣֻ
ӣҪһڹʵǰ
ŵɫһף뿪˾Σ˵ӡ
һƿʣתܡ
ʿˣ¡
ϵܣֱ˯ˡ
˵ģصԺԡϢˡ
һҹû˯һԵģȥݡ
ſڿʻš
ΰѳԵķ±ȥˡ
ۿһſڣ̣û˵˯
ϣˣϵʳһû
Žȥ˰ûˣΪˣת׼ȥʴӺ汧һ£ŵþνһιûˡ
˵ǽߣ𺰣Ȼˣҿ˵㹴ңʱ鷳ˡ
̧ͷ۾ҪˣҿΪңȥ㾹ȻôңҾˣҲ
֣һС¾ҪҪģûΪд󵱻Ů󵱼ޣҿҲǳɹ׵ŮӣͰ䣬Ϊβ
αʵһãȻˡ
漴οЩҪ˺㣬ǰߣǿȣûˣ㻹ĳôǻˣģ
֮һ͵ûӣȢ㲻ô
޸ңңкβã
οŹʲ˵Ʊ磡
οһṬʣȢңɻȢŮӣ檣
˼ãҸĸ֪᲻ȢҸĸҲһޣҲᣬǱңҸ˵ǡ
룺տȥҼףȻ±ˣһҪȥҡ
ģһûԷ㲻ͷģȥףҪʲô
ԥһ£Ҳ˵˵
Ҽһ£Էݲף游㣬ǰˣûϡ
ûң˾ͿˣҾȥ˵ž£Ų˵һߣ˫ֲ
ʲǿһʣû뵽ֵطˣ֪㸸ĸˣ
һЩǸĸҵģ游ĸ
˵˵µ顣
Ҳ֪µ飬Ů޲űǵ£ֻԺھͺá

һʱ׼뿪ʱ˵ҹңոȥױǡ
ǲȥҲ֪ҽղ¡
ת뿪ͷ˿ӣȥˡ
סĵطû˵Ҳûʣôס
ĵͽӣ游Ҳϲȥס
һҹδߣȥˡ
޸̫ӣҲ˵ΪΣ
ڵϾһֱޣ̫ɫûкѿʻʱǿͿģôʣҲǲ˵ԭֻ˵޸̫ӣ游ȫ
(δ)

ھŰʮ ̫Ӷ

㲻޸̫ӣĵԭɣ̫簮εģԸͲԸˣ˾һߵĺˡ
ȥЩ̫꣬һֱæ񣬺˼飬⼸æˣǰе˼ŵ˶˺;εϡ
ŮʲôҪ
ҪǲͲɡ
Ҳûʲôõġ
ƵǿúϸʣǲǷһˣ
αŵˡ
ҲһΣüͷ壺ʲôˣ
ûС
̻Ҳҵģʱ򲻵Ҳ㣬㻹˵ʲôطĺã㣬Ȼ˵ʮķ޸ˣȻ´㣡
ο̫游
Ҳõ棬ǹ˵ƭǵġ̫ȻǰŮġ
ӣҪ϶ģʮͷţ
̫ãϷţ߰ɣȥ档
ҪԣŪһ£ڸأүˣ
ţ
忴ȥҲŻˡ
ҵ
忴ƣ˵ϿӦϵһ֧ҿүܽ˵ϵá
ʵͳžΣںδ
Сˡ
ҡͷûС
ˣȥɣҿܽô
æȥӺųȥҹʡ
ν˽ȥ׼ȥףһ£Щ֡
ôˣ
Ҫ㣬ߣ
һ֣˭
ҡ
˵ţݵŸƿſվţ΢УŹʵ
ҲϹֶۺ졣
㣿
忴̣Ľ۴򿪣ὣ˽ȥ
̵סʣֻһ·ĽͣңǰգһЩڴҪҴߣҡ
ǻʺʮķɱѾ£Ҫ¡
οʾȵǿϵĺݾ顣
û£ֻǲ˺ҵľˣԸ޸̫ӣֻ
ǲܣֻɱ峯ȥס壺ߣ
һ۹壺ʲô˼
ɱ㣡
߹ȥſޣ߰
ߣҴߣ
ߣԸ޸̫ӣɡ
ҪǷ޸̫ӣҪɱأʣʺݡ
߳ŭҪɱұ޸ˣҾҪ£Ҳóѡ
һç̫ôȣ̫һ֮֮ϣպǻϣʲôġ
ΣҶ֪ʲôӣҪǶͽҲô
̫ҪǾˣͼˣ

κЦЦֻǿŶĹ˵ɣ㿴
ΰƿֱһعɰģġ
ĸҵϵģڵģҺֻʶδ̧֣
ι壬պ¡¡̧ͷһۣžΣɡ
̧ͷӦˡ
㿴ˣܹ򣬿ɼƽ֮ˣպķֻľ̫Ǽ޲ɡ
˵깬תȥ
˲ᣬŹҪ뿪α˳ȥ
οһѾŹȥ˾ҡ
ſţžȥ̫
̫ˣһ£ǼĽݵģȻѾȥ꣬仹ڡ
ֻˣǵ뿪ʱ̫ӡ
̫Ͷʽη£̫ȥӱҪ£Ϸμ̫ӵ¡
ʲȾ̫£Ѿ̫ʲҵ
վһ߷̫˵̫ӣ
οһۣҪ¹򣬱ʷˣû̫ӣʼɡ
һ죬˵һߡ
ξҲû뵽ǰǵ̫ӡ
̫һۣƣıּˡ
̫ҿûаЩţҿٲһԡ
̫ȥʲô
ʺ;պһһޣһŮ

֣ǻ
ƲδĽѾ˹ʣžΪ컯Ū˰ɡ
ʵǲܿ϶ģĽݻǣϾǶһ硣
ºγԵ֣
ȥȭֶ
ƻЩϰߣҪӦͺˡ
˵ȥΣȻûǾýˣҪǻȥ޷Ҫĸҡ
ֶлȫ
лʱˣºȲ衣
ĮȻ˫ȴ޵ĿȥĹʡ
̫ȥ£ãȻ飬׼պжô
ƿһۺȲĹ壬̧ͷʲô
(δ)

ھŰʮ 

ƿ̫һó˵үµģڹڡ
̫Ȼ
ȿơ
˵ү꣬㲻֪ˡ

̫ٶʣվ̫˶֮һº̫Ӵ飬̫˵Ů

̫Ӵ鲻ã˵أɽ֡
ߺΪƹ֮ľ
Ӿ뿪ȥˬu͡
Ͼм»ҪȥˬuͣȻƿǱ߳ҡ
ƿĿĹ壬ҲûŮ᲻ɻ飬հˬuΪʦ˵ʿ
˵ˣСջѡϲһˡ
ƽѾɻ飬Ȣ˸ӣ˵˸ӡ
ƲԣЩ˻һ
ֵǣջˣʱ򰮵ȥˣǷӥڡ
Ƹ壬ӥϲ⣬ǰҪ¡
Ʒŷӥ粻粻ǵôãһˡ
ӥѾǸˡ
ʮĹ巴סˡ
ү
Ѿ鵤ҩϻͯˣشС֣˵Ի꣬Ż˾ǵˣתתҸطš
ӥ˵ԡ
ǻûȥ𴦣ˣȥȥɣСڴ˴Ҳ¡
uһɫ۴߸Сƣûбˣֻˡ
忴Ů˹ȥСơ

СҲѾˣߵŮǰϸһᣬԭ׵ʱ򣬼ֱһģһ
֪ʲôҲԡ
Ůۣ˵Ļ˵ȥͬuͷӥ˵
겻Ƕˣƿǿų
ҳҹߵģϵʱƱ뿪ˣ뿪ʱСƻûŰɽ㲻ԡ
Ƶɽ£ϣǲŮ
ֲϲһΪαҪ£һ۵ˡ
ЦһӾ̫һˣɱˬuͣûɱɣŮͽܣҲûʲôãү룬ŮҪչţ͸ˡ
۾ƣûģ
ܱãߣţ˵ˣǴţҪС
Ǻúõģʲô

۾ܵģȻӲһ춼û˵
Ůվͷһʹ
ޣڵУ֪Ϊΰɣ
ףСƶһ
תֻأվҲܽſ
֮󼸸£ƸŹշת˼طһ飬ڿĺǡ
һǼһɽˮ֮ա
ȥѾӣǵ
ǻȥҩȣʲôǵõĽ
Ψ̫޺ޣǸۡ
ΨûǷ飬û
˵Ѿڣ˵ѾˣϾûмˡ
ϸ㣬ȷʵöûˣһûˡ
վˮߣŹ￴ˮʣˣ
ͷ˭
顣
ǲˣô֪ο깥ʱû֣۲ζֳһá
ô˵׶༪ˣҪûô᲻֣ҲǶˣǳʲô£ôҲҽ޹ܣ֡
üƣҲûаôαǰ̽οȥô꣬Ҫǻţɣ˵׼ϵĲ֪ʲôˡ
Ƴһ᣺˵ҪǳʲôˣҲ᲻ˡ
أ
Ѿϰˡ
ûǴֲռʦ
ûʲôͬܵˡ
û͹ԣһֱû飬úܹŹ֣˲ˣûż֡
֪ôˣϣţϣǻܼ档ܾãʧĺ֡
Ҳû֪ǵ䣬ܾȱ˵ʲô
ȥ˲ٵطȥ廹ϲھǴţֻֻ˾ǣֻûнȥʮ
˶ڻţߣȥ
ʮʱ˻صǣھǿһҰٲá
ÿ翴ʮѣѣβҲѡ
λ̫ӣȥ顣
꣬
׼ıʮƹ
ڰջ̻̲ȺһĪչ
ٲ⣬ĸվ￴žǳŴ
(δ)

ھŰʮ ߷Ҫ

ˣΪҪɱһӰ٣վڰٲ⣬˫ֱ󣬲䲻ʣ
ûʮģĹ壬һã޵鲻ܡ
ʱĹѾʮ⣬õȻᣬͷȴѾȾһЩס
壬˺ܶࡣ
岢ᣬţһģӢǰ
ˣˡ
ת۹ˣתȥ˳š
˳ſڣµ˳¥ϣһ߹ĴŰƵȥҪݣμ̫
˿
ֹ̺
˵ϵ˼˾ͽһţҪ£ҪΪ¡
˵ı죬һıȻҪıҪɱ˾ͽţҪ˾ͽŵʬھǳϣķ
ʺɱ¾˾ͽǻʺֳԥ
һ۹壺οأ
Ѿˣʱʲô岻ᡣ
˵˵ʺʴˣҪҲᱻ˾ͽƭ˾ͽǾϳӵǰ̫ʱ򣬾˵ģҪʺСĴˡ
ʺǸ˵£̫ϻʵ˼ǣȻᣬ׳
Ȼǳȥǲ˼ȡ
ƿ۹ȷʵϵʺϡ
ֶڣһˣҲûˣĸطûнӵϢ˾ͽ뵽ôԸ֪ܴܲӮס⼸գ
Եǡ
̧㣺ˣ
ôˣ
峯ŰƿҲƣ˵д٣ûУҲûС
忴һۣ˵ɸ봫壬Ҫϻڱ
ǡ
ȥ£һΡ
˭ҲûˣнѾʮˣѣû˵¡
һ£ҹ㿪ʼշת࣬ƱŪҲ˯á
㵽Ҫ·źǶźɫ£һͷ
£˲ãҪƽʱˣȴҲһۡ
ĵ˯ţŮ˰㲻ôҪǱ棬Ҳ
үΥı䲻ˣҲѹʲôã
Ҫȥⳡ̣´ˣƸš
ȥҲûãнѣǡǸ˾ͽĿǣֻҪ˾ͽڣɡ
Ǳȥɱ˾ͽš
үѾ֮ˣ˴Ӧҵģһڸˣȥɱܶˣٲɱˡ
ܣ˭סȥɱ˭Ҫ˺ŭ
ٲվ˺͹
˵ǶŹ忴
ҲܵǣһվųͰľ
ֲ̧˲ᣬǿš
塣˷ӣһֱ޷ĿڣһֱôС
Ůһֱ飬ԳҲر۰ޱ㲻ʲôⲻǻûսôһ᱾ȥ뿪
峯ųȥŭ֣ʲôʱˣҪ´ôȥˣպô죿
תСһģ֪ġ
ˣӣҪ˭
̫ϻʣľ֪˵ʲô
ϾĶӣ±ȣ
ŭ꣬ѱһȥãǱӣǻһѽĿɰ
һ£˶Ĭˡ
û˵ڵҲҵӡ
תߣƸ˹ȥ˼ŭ𣺡£
ͣ£ٿֻܿŹȥ˳ſڡ
תˣҪѻ£Ҫ˽ģЩڡ
˲ᣬſڰľ
ƿǱߣʼˡ
ȥҲδػá
˵ϢɣҪȥȥҲΪͲˡ
ȻȥȴһҹûϢ
ٲ˶뿪ƲȥǱߣվţæŽĸ
ȻȥɣµģҲûʲôá
뿪ȴһ䵽¥ϣ¥ϵ˿̵ϥˣǰռˣͽһ
Ʋᣬǰ濴ȥվһˣû졣
ߵǰ˵أ
ߣҪ򡣡
(δ)

ھŰʮ ׹

忴棬֪һǵҪսˡ
ԸһȻģͷҲǹҵѪѪģΪôС߳һֱĲһİô
ˣܲˡ
ǡƺЦˡ
忴ƣĿ䣺顣
ת棺˵ģ֣һ죬ƺƵأ͸ĿǣǸ˾ͽŲʲôˣƫƫǽˮպĽ
λϷǱλֻҲ֮ڵĵط
Щ꣬СͲһ֮ϣҲΪ֮
ܷͬʱҲʹ仯û壬ľ׻˵ľȡԻľľľʲô壬ʲô塣
үľĲ
үɰľôǺܴȻ죬ȴһǡ
һ԰ϧҲ
ûˡ
忴ȥ˵
Ʊһ˵˵ûоûС
㡭
ƢȻҪȥңҲˡ
˻ʱѾˡ
Ŵ򿪣Ѿȥˡ
峯濴ȥȻǣҪȥ
̧ͷһۣûȥˡ
иˣû˵仰
˵Բ繬죬˵㲻ø˵Щ㲻ŻȥǵģȻǰǣô󡣡
ɫ˵Щʲôã
ܿɱ˶Էļˣձ
Էתˣ̺׷
ôüֱ׷˹ȥ
żˣȥˣԷҼ뷢ȥʱѾ׷Զ档
м屧ص¥ϣҲ
£˵ļˣ̰˼Ѱƻڻų¿Ѿˡ
ƿųµĽʿǣһ⣬ȫû
ƿԶүȥû¡
ˣҲôˣȥô죿

ƺȻ忴սֱۡ
ʮ꣬Ȼн죡
ȫϣ
ҧŭ
˾ͽţ㣡
ƴĿŹ壬֪ۣһֱŵĸα˺ˣôʵ
գŴ󿪣ԳսŰŵϵЩˡ
һֱޣȴ˵

׷ԶͿ˴ʮˣǽϵˣ׼ù졣
һѽЩˣѽϰѹժ
ʮ֧һΧ㣬ܿ
һϵŮӿŹ죬ϸ룬ûͦõġ
ʮ˴ȫ˹
쿴ľ֦˹ȥɱ飬ѾѪ֮϶קѪ
ľ֦ϣСȾһĨժ˹ʮ֧һɱ졣
ľ֦˾ͽŸŮıľұ룬˾ͽŸ˵ҪȢƢãʮ˻û޳ȥ췴顣
ľһֱ˾ͽţ췴Ҳòɡ
㿪ʮ֧ȥץľ֦˴һ𣬲һ߾£ȥ
ȥǰץһ£ľ֦ķٱץ
еķ˿ɢľ֦ת˶ӣԭľ֦ɣֻҪһžȥһ§סľ֦˹ȥ
˵ȥˤˣֱѹ
ſŵˣ콫ľ֦ķ˿ƿһӳЦ£ľ֦£˻Ȼû¡
ת쿴ľ֦ľ֦ӵȲܶˡ
촽ľ֦죺ɱҰɡ
Ϊʲô
ߵľ֦ǰ¿ľ֦ɱҲǺô
δأҾ˾˺Ҿĸһ飬ҿͺܺá
챧ľ֦̣һȥľ֦£ʲô
游˵ϲŮӣضϻϻ׳£պúǳ׶Ҵȥ
˵ʲôľ֦ŵòᣬˡ
ҵɽˣǱ߿һȻıܷڡ
ߵ棬쿴˿϶ǲݣҲһСˣֻЩů͡
(δ)

ھŰʮ 游

˷£uͽϵ׶ӵһߣ涼ѪȾĺ졣
ľ֦ˣʲô
쿴һᣬȥϥ£ô
Ҫ
ĸϲ˵游Ҫ游˵һţ
ҳˡҪ֣ľ֦ŵĴ󺰡
ʣʲôɷ򣡡
˾ͽţ
ɫ˾ͽţ
š

˶ӣһ˺ľ֦ףľ֦סľ֦ףĿ̹ǡ
㡭ɱ㣡ļ֦̌־ʹ򣬹һƿľ֦ľ֦£ϵѨλֱӽµ׽⿪ӵ
ľ֦Ǹ
ľ֦סˡ
ľ֦ȿһ»ȥˣ۵ľ֦ˡ
⿪ľ֦Ѩȥ棬ľ֦˳ȥ𽣴̹ȥת߹ȥ˴ľ֦ƿ֣ۿԴϣһ
棬ľ֦ס
תŽȥľ֦۽ȥ˳
쵽ɽ̧ͷ˿ϣľ֦ȥṦȥѡ
ϵһľ֦һŲȿգ˵ȥ
ľ֦һתһ׷Ӳǰסˣһֱȥȥ§ľ֦䵽档
ſˣת׼뿪
ʱһЩΧѹסﶼǹŹ졣
תһľ֦Ľˡ
ЩץˣֱӴߣľ֦ľһȥ
·ľľ֦СãûУ
ûС
ľ֦űߵĹ죺ô
Ҫɣ˾ͽôҪЮء
ûȥľ֦Ϣ˰ȥʣ˾ͽš
˾ͽʮ꣬һӣˡ
ľ֦˾ͽȥˣ
š
˾ͽľ֦ȥǰ棬ľ֦ŵ
˾ͽҲǸӢˣǣҲȨı
ľ֦Ȼֵһˡ
˾ͽתĿЩ䣺ʲô
ʲôǸˣңûϲ
ǵˣҪҪЮʡ
ҡ
ɴ߲СڣӦԴΪأҵĻʺ󡣡˾ͽԴǡ
ôľ֦ת뿪˾ͽŽס
Ǿʣ̫ûˡ
ľ֦תȥĹأҵģҵʱˤֻ£ûңҲ޸㡣
תľ֦뿪˾ͽŭľ֦
ľ֦Ϣʱ˽һ˿ˣ˭
Ǳ
˾ͽŵȻûҲ¡
ľ֦ȼſڵľҲˡ
˾ͽһЦҹˣ߳ˣȻȥˣǣһ
˵˾ͽűˡ
ľ֦ͨ죬ľߵǰһ᣺û°ɡ
磡ϲǸˣ
ľһ£ͷһ۾棬ͷľ֦Ķ˵˼䣬ľ֦ͷľǣСģ
š
ľת뿪ľ֦Ҳ·
ҵѺĵطľֱ֦ɱ˽ȥ쿴ľ֦һ£漴һЦˣ㲻˵ôôֿ˯
ľ֦ߵǰ㶨ô
ûС
Ҫҷ㣬Ȣô
֮ã
ãľ֦ñڹؿá
̣㣡
ľ֦һڡ
ľ֦һ̧ⲻ㣡
Ҳһ游ҵģֻлʼҲУߡ
ľ֦⿪죬óǿ壬ŵ⿪ӡ
߰ɣСĵ㣡
ֱۣһѱסľ֦ڣľ֦ɲˣǺġ
߰ɣôôҪأ
Ҫʲôϱ游˵ˣ
游ߣľ֦û˵
ľ֦ߣҴȥ
ҲߣҴҵء
ߣȻа취
ľ֦ԥһ£ߣͷҪЮҵ
жˣ
ľ֦ԥһ£˶ʮʮҵġ
߰ɣʮˣˡ
˵깬ľ֦ߡ
뿪Ӫٵﾩǳ¥档
վ棬׼ճַڳ¥ϣת˹ȥ
һҹ࣬ȻЩһֱᣬʱߵͷˡ
游
ľ֦˹ȥľ֦һǰ˻ûйɡ
(δ)

ھŰʮ Ͷ

ⲻΣЩš
ߵǰһЦݣǣ游һˡ
忴˰죬ȵģſһȣˣţ
游û£һľ֦游
ľ֦ڣô游
ľ֦УǰĹò
ˣ
ء
ľ֦Żأʮߡ
պãô£ʣȥ߹壬忴һľ֦
ľ֦
ǡ
ľǣ
ǡ
ľɽ
ǡ
ľ֦Щͷˡ
巴Цˣȥĸ
ǡ
Źȥơ
ţΪģӰ˿ڵϣʱڴѹ
˽ţΪΣŹ˲Ʊ㲻ȥˡ
ĸ
һˣȥ
ƿЩãȻ
ĸ˭㣿ɫ
׷ȥĸȥ㣬ЩҽУΪģûϡ
˾ͽţĲ㣡æסƵ֣ĸ㿴
æŽľ֦ǰƿľ֦һ£÷žˡ
˭
ľ֦Σһ˿оǹ
ľ֦ľ֦Ըġ
һߵĹ˻ΣöͭǮƣƿľ֦ʮˣ
š

ǡ
и磿
С
˫ӣ

ľ֦֣ô֪ҵӲˣҺʹ˫
ĸ㣬
ʣĸǿзࣿ
Сƿ۹壺үǼգǳװɡ
á
ЦЦǷˡ
쿴۲̫ľ֦˵İɣģҹһúô㣬Ƕ㲻ã֮ء
ľ֦һۣҲû˵ʲôֻҸֶڴ˴ܺ
ģ㸸ֱԻȥ˵ǽճףҲҾȫʤ˾ͽûʲôҲһ˵
ľ֦죬˵ǰףҪɱͷġ
㲻˵˭֪Ȱãҹҵˡ
ľ֦ߣˣ˿Ҳָˡ
Űѯʵˣ
ţöˣүãȱʲôʲôȴһƬӣһƬӡ˵Ŷϲ£졣
֣Ϊľͷ
ҲȫǣľɽҲ֪ϾûһҲľˮֻϧѾˡ
һԶŮǴľľ찡һľѾˣѻҪˡ
һЦѾȻҾ˵а취ƫš
ǾҪܳȥлᡣ
ıţǰѾѰõĵط׼ˣ˭Ҳû룬ƺ͹ȥţ˻·á
㴩һ£ȥ˳¥ϣˣǽˡ
ľ֦ɲңֻǻȥ¥ϡ
ƺ͹û£ӳ뿪ˡ
˳ڵˣŴ󿪣˾ͽš
˾ͽ֪ˣĲᣬľǳľһ֮´ˣ˵ˣȴѾͶǵ׼
һǣľǾͿʼ
˾ͽҲ½죬Ͷ
һ䴩Դˡ
ԮʱһѾ
סľ֦֣߸߾
ľȻǺܵ⣬ĴţѾ뵽Щʲô
ҵӺãرǹ죬˵ǹĳȻҲ㲻쵽ǲǹ
ʸĳǻϵĵŮǻϲĳǱ˾ͽҪá
ʲôˣĳСӡ
ܵõ£һҲûа
˾ͽԭҲĿ࿴Ҳ֪ѡ
ľɽ֮Ը˾ͽţҲΪĽ飬˾ͽΪϲ𣬻Ǹɫ֮ͽǰȢ˸ӣǱģľɽҲǸɵӣͿ˾ͽŲ˳ˡ
˵ҪȢŮʺʱľɽԸ⣬Ůܸң
οˣƷʲôȢŮ
һľɽıҪŮһиˣȻҸ͸ϸ
ļӣ綼˲ãȻ˵ˣҲ˵׼ʲôʱͳˣʱֻһˡ
嵱ɨ£ȴ¸ˣԼ˵ǹ˭֪ǲĳط¡
(δ)

ھŰʮ ǧѰ

ľɽһӵˣҵҲһ棬˵ǸǳˣΪǹĹİҪץŮֱӰǹˡ
ˣ͸࣬˭ȥ
͹ĳףľɽ̹
Ŵ򿪣ԳӭľǸӣ˹ƿҪ£ľɽ
㲻ҪңͶϣң
лңҪңҲôͻʤ
ľɽŮ˺ܴͶҪûиڵɣʮҲԸ⣬ˣк档
ʵĳǻ˭ܲŷ
ΪŮģͺ˵ˡ
ľɽŽǡ
ټľҸӣ򱱺ͻ˹ľ֦Ļ£˵Դϲ
ȴڰº뿪ǡ
˲⣺ȻѾûˣαػҪ뿪أ
ƢãҪȥ˵ã׼һʼȴû׼бҲôԵġ
ǵԺ㲻ڲˣȻǵĸ
ҪˣԺ󲻻ˣҲౣء
Źˡ
忿һѪ
̸Ѫ
建۾ҲԹ˵һ٣ͻµġ
˵ҲᣬҪһʱ䣬ھǻᱻ֪
Ҳ뿪ǣй·ϣ
һ˶ʮ꣬ʮϺһڰƵѪŰ߱ɽأ˺ÿնԣƶ۲ѡ
ǸһĻţ˵ûʹû˼
˵ףֻԣҲӲ徻˯˯á
ǸҩκˣҲѰ˼ˡ
˻صǣ˵˲ˣѰҽҪβ
Ƶ˳£̧ͷһۣ϶سǱ
˽ǣֱʹ
˹ſֱӽ֮
˹ڵǬſæµһ֣̫̹ˣ
˵꣬Ѿȥ
ʱ̫ѾһˣǵãʴģʿȥŶʮ갡
ˣ
ѾһϢ⼸μ飬Ͼʮˣʱ䲻ˡ
ƽţ˿ƣΪˡ
㡣
ͷ󣬿Ҳһ£ߵǰҩ˳ȥ˿˰һᣬоǺöˡ
ֵܳȥ°ƺˡ
ȥʣ˶жã
忴۹°ɣ˵࣬˵
ѪôôѾѮһֱ˵ҲֻͷףȾ˲ϡ
ţ˶Ҫˡ
ǲ
忴۹ǾŶʮ꣬źǲ¡
˫ȴ˼䷱
Ҳֻ˫۾˿Ѿþ˪
תǬĹ⣬˶ϲô֪һȥ顣
޽޻֮
С
ŰƵЦЦ㻹ôᣬѾϵ߲ˣϰϣܶ̫꣬ϻʣڿ˵עŬǲС
֪ӣֻ֪һܻã̫ϻ
ԥһоʮĸ٣ҿ΢ǺǻУȥˣǻһ£ɡ
ô죿
ûа취ƲɣܱѾѣÿ춼ķٵĲ裬ϵϵͳ͹Ĺϵת޹ȥˣҲܳ˵ҲƼ޸ˡ
Ȼû£ȴûм̳ϵѪҺܡ
ϾⲻʲôŴҲֻʱĳϡ
Ϊ
˵ͷ֪ˡ
ţһжã
°ɣҪţ΢
˿Ǭ棬ܾòŵͷ
֮°һֱǬһ콫·ϣ׼ƺ͹ȥû취ùţȰ˵ҲûãԾ뿪
ߣ˵̫ϻʵˮˡ
æȥ˾Ͳˡ
˿ޣ͵ˡ
۹壬ѵ˵֣Ҳֿ
̫ϻʣ̫ް
ƿųĶ飬Ĺ䣬̫ϻʣ̫һͬᣬͬһڹײģǵһΡ
ⲻ̫ѳᣬ̫ϻΪ̫ѳᡣ
˵ǧѰ
ү߰ɡת뿪忴һ۱뿪ˡ
(δ)

ھŰʮ ټĽ

֮ٻѾʮˡ
˷ҳӻҳ͢ϱˮ뺵ֲУҪȥЩ顣
ȹҵĻҸҪѾϰߵβˡ
˵˭ѲҪģֻǰǵİҵůԵñû˼伲ࡣ
Ϊֻ飬Ʊ̫ϻʵʾѰѧ
ĸʾ֪ĽѾǰ
˹滮˻ؾ·ߣһ·βˣǣֻƽƲŸŹص˾ǡ
ټĽݵʱѾϵĲˣ޺ϣƵʱظһЦ
ȥ£̹١
Ľݿߵ̫ΣζҲ£
̫Ѿʮˡ
̫˲£ĽݿǰҾ͸оͷĿѣžͿʼˣʼһΪΣѲ֪ǶģѾûжʱˡ
ܿ㣬˵Ѿѵˡ
ḻʣΨûеõ㡣
Ҳ˾Ρ
Ľݿ۾̫󣬵ǵûʲôһʹ¿뵽ĸһ뿪ұ¡
ҵˣҲ̫ΣҲںֻҵԺ󣬾Ҳˣ
̹٣Ȼ֪Υֺη⹬Ļ䣬Ժ󣬾ҲúõһȺҪ˵ǣ
˵ô˵һǷĲ¡
Ҳûа취
ƺΣĽݿһᰲƣƣϣҪٺˣžһ뿪ܷ⹬ٶ꣬ʮķ㻹һ꣬һꡣ
ûа취û취
Ʋ⣬ʱĽΪִš
Щֻ֪꣬ǹʣ֪ĽݣĽദЩӣҲô㻹ᣬѪҲβ룬Ѳɣ㵱濴ң
ƵûôҪˣôһ̣Ľĸɴ㡣
̧ͷ޳˵ľ̫󣬱ıע⡣
֮һ֣˽ǣѣһ̽䡣
ѵĽôߵľҲôˡ
ž̫޵ʱ̲סĳֿĽ˫·ɽӴضҪ𶯵˫ۣһ
Щˣǰ˽˵Ƕã޷ɡ
ˣþˣҲûʲô̫ʧ
Ľ˵Ѫβ룬û˻ǻеģҲ˲ǣ
ƣҶΣĽݴƣİƶġ
̹ˣҲһٶˣ˵ҪĻȻͶء
ǰ˵ĽݾһϵʧЦ
̫ӣҪƹ£һס̫󣺡ˣܸҹ££ˣҪһ˵ã
̫ϻʿ첻ˣֻܾҲһգҵɣ˵£֪ûƭң˵ǣʶ
̫˵İƶݣ̾˿ĽݣǺαأ˭Ļʺ㰡ֺαǹʻĽݣѵİֲЩô
ҪȫǰҲ㡣

һһߵӶѿˣģѵģƶһοˡ
Ҳŵòᣬʱ˭ҿ
ֻпʵĻҪǵҲһˣЩҶŵòᡣ
ʰˣ㡣ƵȻûһ۹塣
㰲ˡ
̫ȥ£˲ᣬĽݣ檲˭ֻ֪ǳ檵̫ϻʾ͹ˡ
ĽݲϵһĨЦûкء
̫ͷЩ˼ˣƷ֣ҪϲһˣʲôĻ˵ĳҪǲϲĻǵʲôûС
뵽깬ǰĵУֻΪϲɱСơ
ⶫǼˣ
ƳƬ̣˿ˣ˵°ɡ
ɫãĽ̫Ҫ
Ľݿ壬δ
ʤδأ
̫ǣܾദÿμ涼Ҫɱˡ
ƵҲûṬ壬е˶뿪ƾ֪Ľûĵġ

ӣĽݵѪ
(δ)

ھŰʮһ 

Ҳ㣬ֻһˣй壬֪ģĻһˣ´οɲҪ˵ˣ㱻ʬΣ֪ôģ
У԰ȫΣЩ䡣
ҪҸƺѣǸ˹ӣһЩ
ȥ壬Ŀȴ˼֣
ڰƸĽݺѪʱĽסĽϵˣҲڻָȻûܸоĿ
֣ٺһͳɾˡ
תˡ
Ľݱ˵ƣҪһʱ䣬ѪҲȲһʱ䡣
üҪھɱ㣬Ͳõһʱˡ
ʱɱѾ¶̫û¹ʲôˣȴһ
̫סĽݣҪ
忴۾̫תȻȥ
Ʊ˻ʹסڳ﹬Ǳߡ
̫Ҳ̫Ѿڣһת۶Ҫһˡ
ûµʱȥʥǱߣĿ񣬾˵Ѳڵ̫뻪̫˵
Ƿڹ˽رǹ칬ˡ
ӹĺܿ죬ƽҹҲѵһĴޡ
һϣĽžִ̫Ǭߵͤȥٻţ˱˯ˡ
õϢƺ͹㲻ˡ
ǰפ̨ϣעŹٰɥµˣٹʹ˵ʷټ
ƴһɫӣעĽݵĹ餡
ĽҲһڹᣬ̫ϻʺ̫һڹ餡
үĽôʣվһ߸ֶδ˵
ү㻹Թô
ûԹޣСǼΪԹӿʼϧӢ۵ˣֻʢϵƱߣŻ飬˵Ҫû
ҪͲҪˡ
Ҫɱһˣ˭ס
˵깬תȥƿŹȥıӰ˹ȥ
˵ûҪ˭˭Ҳס
˼ת濴ȥĽݵĹײͣһ£һֱĽݱ̧תȥҹ壬Ѿ֪ȥˣưŷӦȥʲôط
ʹȥꡣ
ԭǴĻ꣬˹Ҳˡ
Ķ飬죬ǴӾǵĻʹߵĻ꣬һж䶨ŵ
ͿվڷϿߣ̧ͷŹ壬ȥͷ
㻹ʣŴ
Ľݵģ
᲻ġסƵ֣תȥ
Ҳûлתۼţٻʱ˷ǡ
سǵѲǵǵڼˣڻλϵҲֲʲôˡ
ɷҲᣬֻǵǲʶˣûټǵʺ
ʸǰмڴ֣иݲ׵СкСкƿһˣԷ
˿һ֣Ӿ뿪
·ϹʣҪù𣿡
ƿһۣ֪
˵˾ˣ
үѳˣ
ߣ
ƺЦƭ̫ģ㻹ˣү᲻֪ôүϢϢء
ˣ
үã
㲻˵ˡ
ߴ˿ɽϲɽЩȥˣյٻ󣬵ͷһѻ
תȥȥŮ
öûˡ
ƿ۵ţͳưܵľȥ棬һĹĹһЩ֣˵˵ĹһСĹĹûֻ֣һЩ֣˵Ĺ˵أĹһ߻һĹдųȥʱ䣬Ѿжٶˡ
ӥȥ磬ʱҲҪ硣
СƵĹʱǻúõģû뵽Ѿôˡ

վһᣬ˿뿪ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãڿʼˣķ˿ʼˣ廹ż׷ʣʱܹ
ÿ֪ˣһЩڷ飬ÿʣͲҪˡ
ֱմޣҲû˵ȥȴ֪Ľ¡
Ҫһͳ£ͼأɱ˷ˣǰϦ
Ψһһ̹飬ֻΪ˲Сġ
ƱŹ壬ḧһڽˣΪ˶Ըˡ
ҲԤʾ˥ܡ
İʮ𣬴Ӵ



صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ
